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ޱǰһֱ־ӣں޼ȴͨѸܡ
ޱΪԼܻᵱһӵϷޣֱ;˸Σ֪ԭɷŮõİ¹⣬
ǰ¹İ¹⡣
С˵ָΪ飬޶źڻδȢޡ
Ѻޱ˼ؿǰޱˣ룺
ԭôңҲ΢һˡ
*Ȼ󰮣ޣҳճģܿ𿼾ݡ
ݱǩ ʱԵ  ˬ
ؼ֣ǣޱ  ǣ  
һ仰飺Ȼ󰮣
⣺һģϽ
VIPƷ
ޱǰһֱ־ӣں޼ȴͨѸܡֱ;й˸Σ֪ԼûȥǣΪԼֻϷ޵ɷΪδȢԺޱϧŬ٣ҲڵεεദкɷϷޣΪܰˡ
ͨŮ˹ޱһҵճչʮϷ죬ܰȤֵһ?


1 ¹
ϴǵݵĲǰޱûԼδ
ҾסڽߣСʱûٸȥ԰棬ʱϴǰƬδҩţûϣͲˡ
ʱҲ֣ʯǵʡǣ߽·ЩʱҲûУ´ܱӡ
˭ϴûãޱͿʼ£ûôԣڴϣֽŶġ
뵽ϰޱ̲ס̾˿
ܣдʡ
ޱҡͷãȥˣ
ߵޱɵļӴԣƷеĸ˵ҿûôԣҴ°˵ࡣ
Ǵ˵ǾòӾⲻӦʳԼСŪԵҲС
ޱֻͷһسδܽԵĲ
ޱȷˣһŻĶˮ㶫ûСûʲôθڣ̧ۿȥĶġ
֪ܣ򿪸Ӻ󽫷õǰʢƹϣܵθڡ
ͨİ࣬ŨҲˮƹдƣл׺ɫ
ƹ
ϵ˿ζձ嵭ϹӦʳҲѭ˵ؿζٷû
ҲǴӴ°õģһϰԡܼޱ⶯˵ߴԱóӣһݸ
ޱû飬ֽӹкӳ
ú˻ᣬ¶ȸոպãáƹޱˬ֣ࡣ
ʱתȥһŴŵֵ
ֵͲ˳ŻͷһǿɱȵҪ׼δҩһƬûϣȫޱĶ
Ϊ϶ǽž壬ֵϴһֱ˷״̬ϳԹˣȫ˹ܣرʡ¡
ֵҴñӣޱߣû˵˼
Ļ飬Ѿȥ£ʱ䲻̣ӣ˵Ӧø񣬵ʵ治졣
ǰǰֻΣһףڶξǶס
ҲûദãܹʯΣһֵһĸȥμҲûڼҴһ¡
ҲޱԭȻ԰ûʲôڴྴһӣྴİ˻ġ
ྴķ޴ܹòİ˵Ļȴѳá
ֻޱû뵽ϤܵĻҲѳãΪ֮⣬
ǰʡǿǵĻϣޱһΡ
ҲͨǸΣ֪ԼȻһ
ȲŮҲŮ䣬С˵ʽûСҲΪɷŮõİ¹⣬
ǰ¹İ¹⡣
ָΪ飬޶źڻδȢޡ
ϣԭйޱĽܡ
մǻᣬޱÿÿ뵽λޣΪжǱŵġ˭һ֪Լֻһɻ鶼̫
ȥѾ侲
һȻʵʵδ֪ޱС˵ǰ󣬽һжమ֪ٽ鵽ûǷж
ģӣޱüȻүԺδҲȥĻᡣ
߸һ죬ѹҲһ죬ҲϣԼĻǿֵġ
ֻôãޱȴѸ˵
ųֿʼ̾ܿ˵ʳޣ´ͺˡ
ޱع֪ˣҡͷ˵ҲΪ̾
Ϊʲô
ȻޱԼΪʲôǸΣֲ֪Ӻ˵Ҫ̫棬Ϊⳤ̾Ե̫ɵ
˵ûʲôǴϴеܣ켸ӵ
㡣
ͷסĵطжԶ
·ʮӣޱ·ٶȣͣƬ˵ǿҪ㣬ҪСʱ
ԼҶСȣޱͷǲԶ
ȻޱûshigG٤ܵתԾûԼ·Ȼ·ûô죬Ͼ߲ϰǻͬһȥ棬ߵġ
ޱ࣬ʣǼʲôģԺܿ𣿡
ǵͷ˵ͨש߷㣬¥ݣ¥ǿԡң档ɹ̨һǰӣ·
ޱⷿӿһ㶼ͨ
ũģӲСҲûĳֻ˿͸˵ˣޣȥϡ
ܽͰȥסõǿɵ㣬ǹõģ˵ԡң붼Ҫ롣
ˣܵޱ;ⷿӲ̲סڴ
˵ͲǼӸǵģЦ˵Ƿӻ˲˼ɣ
ֻؽʮ٣ļҲࡣ
ʮȥֹʿ˱ľټҲ˺üҲ¼һ
ĿǰķӻΪ֣һʮϷӣӻڼ棬벻̫㣬ٺǶԺӡ
һʮĩݣĻһԺӣ滮ãгԺҳȽϷ㡣
һҲʮĩģҲǶӴԺӣ໹羰ãⷿǸ쵼סмҪ
ˣչģɹѡķʵǰ֡
ǰַУݸܻӭϾһЩסŸ뷿ݵʱѾסˣѡֻϷӡ
ȻסϷӵľ٣Ҳһ㲹ûУڷǻõһʲɡ
Ͼ곾ˣǰãҪϲôϧģܲס⡣
סϷӵľҪôԺܻеҪôݿճȥ˶뻨̫ǮȥɷӡǶཫˢף˵һ£סС
ܾüȻҪסǾŪõ㣬סҲ̹Ͱⶼˢһ飬ԭĳĳԡңȻԺӸ˳Ͳ
ҲΪˣܴ²Żȥޱ
ܲ¾Ҫ˾֪Ըֻƽá
ޱŶʣⷿӻ˶Ǯ´ˡҪ¡
ոܽǻᣬѾǸвÿ߰˰˼ʮࡣӸӪҲʮǵһҡ
ڲûʲôʴͷ˻ȥʣµû˽ǮǷĬϵġ
Ȼĸϸָֹ˽ǮʱޱվĸףޱµԴ
˱ķ治˵ƷǺܿסģִִŵˣ˽Ǯܵúɡ
ŲԼܹܵʸߣټϷط־ӣʶ͸¹̫ϰ˱Ƽ˵¼ɵȶ෽ԭ
ʵ֤˵ȷס˽ǮҲûһθǷӵǮ˲Ӳ֣ʣµĶǴ˽Ǯġ
ǮȻûޱǵﻹǺбҪģҲи
ûţ˵˸
ޱסܹ
ܣٿ֧֮
ޱ
ǶԵģ˾ͲӦ˽Ǯ:)
л˵
Ϊ»дò̫˳֣Եʱߣ¿Ƴ٣ΪǸ⣬ǰʮк~
ʱݶÿʮ㡣
ղأа~


2 ڶ
ޱ˯ˣ۾źֱ賿Ž˯ȥ
Ҳ֪˯˶ãޱԴţͱ˸ˣ۾һͿָͷǼ϶
ޱͷԱһתʣ
ˣջ˵ְ˵ҪˣŶôжвѡ
ޱӴʣҪӣ
Сһٺװɵ
ޱЦ˰ͷ
ֻ죬Ǹöģı׳ټϴϴͷϴûô㣬СһûϴͷͷŲ˳Щ塣
ޱûӣֻ뵽ҺȫҴϴ
ţ򷹻ˣڴϣʣʲôʱѵģ
ѡޱ˵žʹ˸Ƿʣһȥģ
һλʯǰֵһ꣬ôˡȻޱʱǿƬƬıȵˣθջصҵʱֵôԸ׽
΢ǿ㣬С죬ȻտʼеܣѾʼְ֡
ȽȣҲ˵ϴʱǸԸ衣
ҲҪޱ˯ģܿǵޱ岻ûӦΪСһﻹ˵ƢϷҪ˯棬ʾŲҪְ˯
뵽СƢҲЩΣ˵⼸θڲãһȥ򷹡
ޱͿŵķУû뵽רŸ緹ϲʣˣ
𲻺˼ص˵ͷ˵Ե㣬
һҲæ˵Ҳ
ޱ֪Լ⼸̫ãйȻδԭ򣬵ĻΪǸδĵǡЩΪԼصúܺãȴӶˡ
סۿ΢ȣֵգЦ˵ġ
ĸ˵ʱܽзŵޱߵϣ򿪸ӡ緹Ҳ࣬˼̲ˣоޱԵƹ
ܻĸͷŵķװŵĸӡ
ڣֱ˺ͷ˿˿ƫڣֵôܳһ˷˸˰Ȼֵ˸˿ޱ
ʵޱΣ̫ԵȥֻǿŶڴĿ⣬ֽӹӳڡ
ӣˣаӸ
ķӦУޱۿ΢ȣȻ⼸ܸԼû·̲סֻš
ûôˣûе·
ţޱ˿־Żƹ˰ࡣ
ֵθҲÿ˳һһͷ൹ûȶ٣Ҳǰ롣
Աֵͦӣʵܵܣϣ
ҲöӺܳţϰôʣϸۣҡͷ˵̵ģԳԡ
ͷˮˣһ˼᲻
ޱŵĹ޷ĳǰѾʮ࣬ټÿ¼ĻǮ㹻֧Ըˮ
ǳǰѾУޱأֵϲԡ
ԺޱǳԻӣòƵÿҲҸǳ̫ࡣʱ䣬ϴγѾǰ¾shigG٤ǰ¡
һ˵ϣͲˣðְȥϴʱѵޱʣ裬¼ϳ𣿡
ӵҲ˹գ۾ޱ۾ڴ
ޱûȥݵ̫ûϣ˵ûҲ֪ӦкܶóԵˮ
ЩóԵˮ
˵㽶âҬ֮ġޱ֪˵ģ֪òóԣûᡣ
ˮֵҲİģ㽶õ㣬żֻǼ۸رޱҲͳԹΣһλǸǻᣬᵽҵġ
һȥģԻֵ˵ǰѾǳңԶ㵱ʱԹҲѾ㽶ĿڸУ׷
㽶ʲôó𣿡
âʲôó𣿡
ҬҲǳԵ𣿺ó𣿡
Ȼޱ˵ʲôˮʲôֵںĶֻһ¡ó
㽶ܺóԡâҬӣޱҲûԹС˵ᵽâҬӣ˵˵âҬǺȵģӦҲͦúȵġ
˼ǳһ˵Ҫ㽶âҪҬӣԼ⣡
ö㣬ʣԹâҬ𣿡
ޱСһͷ˵ûԹϵҲܳԵ
ȻҲûϴͷûʲôͷŻˬģҷֱָ޶¡
ϰ˱ԴûʲôӦֻʣʲôʱ´
ϴʱͦ˷ܣʱʱܳȥž壬캽еˣ´
ϴӵ⣬˵Ƴзܵ
ޱƣ첻˵𣿡
Ϸˣ˳磬ÿ㡣˵ʣҪ˯һᣬҽ㡣
ޱȷе㷸ûǿţֵҪҪһ˯һ᣿
Ƚ̰˯ԥ˵Ҫ
ڷţͷʣְҿԳȥ𣿡
ܴӦޱ˵˯Ҵȥתת
ޱӦŲŲɵǽ֮ĿλٸϱӾͱ˯ˡ

һޱȻ˯òǺܰȣмΣ˻Ժģ۾Ҳÿֻú˽ûֳȥˡ
ٺǱܽѵģ緹ʱˡ
緹ͰְһȥģܵôߣΪ˺ǳƨһҪ֪ģ׼Ϊⷹġ
ޱȻЦ˶һȻŬɵ˰뷹зˡ
뷹з񲻶࣬õֳֿƷС
ķװ󶼹ĳ˱һˣޱԵ治٣رǸǰ෭ˡ
࿴е˼ϱǰôٲθ⣬ʹ򷹵Ҳкܴϵ
ӡ
л˵
Сޡײˣ޸Ϊճ
PSղ~


3 
Թ緹ͣ־ۡ
ǣ߳ޱȿĲǱ̺죬ԶͣĴ;Լͷ·ѵȻˡ
û뺣ˮУŵҫԳͭɫ
ţۡ
ֻϧûۣͱ֪ƹܵסߡ
ٶȺ·ٶҲιޱܡ
Ǹûʲôı飬ֻڲĿ΢ͷģôˣ
ޱæҡͷûûʲôջĿǰȥ
߳ͷиźӭܾ˸񣺡Ӫá
ǳս˹ĸӪ͸ޱȥţ
ֻϰ࣬һֱ鲻ʱȥҲޱһ˴һΪ·;ңԶΪ˶ӣ˲
ǣһϾ͵Ѯ
ţ˸񣬸ޱ˵˵ΰͬ־ӷָҵԱָָ˵ɩӣޱ
ޱЦŴкͬ־á
ΰæ˵òãɩСС˵ͷֵʣӪӰɣǳÿ񣡡
Ǹ죬Ȱְֽܾ˵ãҽҵܵ˫̥Բų񡣡
ôһΰʣ꼸ˣ
ͦؽ˵ĸ£˵Ǵˣ
ֵͷͬ˿Ÿһ㣬ΰΪˣ룬̲ס̾
ǰֶӾˣǵǻֶӿûô˵Ҳûô
ǸӪĶӣ
ΰǳݵЩĪû˵ʲôֻ˵߰ɡ
ΰҲ£æӹ֯˵ͣǱߡ˵·ͣľüա

Ȼһ·ֶɡ𳵡üʱֵͦ˷ܣرϳǰͣ
ͷ·ƽ̹ʱʱѹʯӣճͻǰһ¡
мһӹںſ󿴣ճһڣ˾ֹסһĵǰϡ
⻹ޱӦ죬һץס·˻ֹĵͷ˶Խλ֮Ŀ϶
ʻŵŤͷʣͷײˣ
ź˵šеͰ͡
ȻΪְֵû˼ֻ˵á
ޱһЦ
ĵͷȴûܵõְֵİοﱾ;ͦίֻЦʱҪˡ
վû޳ֻŤͷ軳˲䣬ź˵ۣࡣ
ޱߣ֪ˡ
ô˵ĺףûİӦûʲô⡣
ôţޱתͷ⿴ȥ
ò̫ԣʣں𣿡
ںߡ
ǡ
ޱ쳤⿴ȥӳĳػأôôԽԽˡ
Ҳ⿴ۣ˵ˣߵ·ƽУ㻹ǲǵǸճͷʱ˸䣿Ǵչġ
ޱ֮ǰ·ߣȻ򣺡ԭ
бʻϵ꣬ѵרĿ
ŶǷΰʱһ飬ֱǣӪ

һϼճʱĳǡ
ǵǸ黨µľɩЬʣ˵ڸӪȥһˣӦÿ˰ɣ
黨Աŵ˵ӦÿˣڸӪǺʡˣڼҴ죬²ˣɶ
黨ľshigG٤Цⲻ˵ڸӪж˫̥ҳôû˫̥أ֪ǼҺӳ񡣡
˵Ҳû˵˫̥ûһ˿㡣
˶洩׳µľɩԣƲƲ˵˭˵˫̥һһ˳úÿǲҲһ۾ѵǻ᳤ɣ
ֶԴӵľɩ˵Ҫ˵Ҳģӳ໹ÿŴģõģ̥İ̥ûá賤úõģ˫̥ҲúãҼģ࿡
ɩ
˵⻰ľɩиƽĶۣ治
߲ߣҲһ̸ݣҲ֣ûҲŵ㡣
֮ͨͨĳࡣ
Ҳֲ߲࣬ݣòڼôŲ󣬵ҲǰС
ȻҲеòͨȴøˮڣɸǼҺ治ⷶڣͨࡣ
֮ӳþ͸ûʲô
Ҳˣڸ治ɫ˵ⷬ˳Ĭ
ȻԼ˵ĳţԼĻ⣬ûͻʵѵǾ˵Ĳԣ
ԣЩ
ֻǸɷԷ弶ߣǸųҲǡǴӵľɩɷĶͷ˾ƽʱʱӾɩŸ
ˣȻϻǸһ䣺
Ӿɩ˼ɣ黨µľɩɲôֲ࣬ԷֵµıŸ
ȻҲû̵͵ֱӸ˵ҾҺӳòУֻѻ⳶˻ȥ˵㿿ŴƾڸӪĳ࣬ǼҺģҲ
ܵĳֻ࣬ضһġ
˾Ҳ˵ܳòֻ黨⻰Ҳ˵ǿδأ˭֪ϱʲô
黨²²˵ڸӪȺϱģӦò̫ɡ
˵޷£ǰӷҶסˣ˭Ҳûʲô
ķˢǽǸǳ޲ЩɩԼ˵񶼱ˡ
ˣôɷôģ֪ϱ֮ǰѷŪúúõģ˱˵ˢǽǷӣ޲ٴɨأ
˱ˣ
Ϊһͨæھɩ϶رϡԼϱ
ͷҹöڣŮ˶ڷϴ裬˸㣬ˮԺϴԼķӶûרŵԡҡ
ڲ¸ǵķﵹУڸǵķӶȥϹޡ
ǾãΪϱסĸ̹ܺαشԡҸǲˢǽ޴Ͳˡ
ģǰ̺ãʲôŮҲϱôϡģ϶
黨²ܸǳ޲»ãһ˵ɫ
ȻԺɩãɣԸסϷӡ
һסϷӵľɩģɷ򼶱಻ߣӪ߸ӪǸų
˵Ӿɷ򼶱۸ɩƽʱʱɩῴɷķϣӾɩ
ִÿʱﰵˬԼˡ
ϷȻݣط󰡣ǼסĻϷһףС䣬ǰԺȱҴһ룡
˵סݵЩɩĽסϷЩɩҲĽҵط
ôһҵŵͲôˡ
뵽ʱڼĽ̲ס˵ǿδأ˵񲻺أûסҪǣ˿϶úܣǵδذס
Խ˵Խô£ֻһܷϾ޺ӣûס¾ܲҪȥǳͺÿ
Ÿ⻰ӾɩûʲôӦ黨ȴס
ᣬ߯ᣡ


4 ¼
˵¼ҵȷһש߷ھôķ紵ɹ󣬷שɫǳǽڻѿ޲ĺۼͦС
Ȼ濴еϾɣͦ£¥¥ǽѩף͸һ»ġ
Ҿߵоɣ緹ķ񣬶ǰµģʵ´˼šпĲ輸ҲеˣľͷǺõģܾûӣһһľͷɳԱߡ
¥ݼҾ߶µģ˴ģûˢᣬԭľɫ¹ױ̨Ҳͬɫϵ˴﹩ġ
ޱʣسǴԶ
ʯСܹܶ࣬ľһ·иӰԺҴȥжԶ˵·еԶг㣬ʮܵ
ޱ̾˵֮ǰгˡ
ͷ齲תһ죬ҲöУõóһС
ڼⷽͦг⣬תһǮƱ׼ˣޱǺбҪôڷһĸУ̨˷Ǯֻ֧ϺƵֱһг
ֱŮʿޱϴţгŮڲӣҲ
ޱҪøˣ޷ĳְ޷ĳָŵķסˡϾŷַô࣬λΪѷӿš
ǰޱѴļҾߣư裬ĶˣȥҲˡгģҲǱҴɩ
ٲǱˣгҲˡ
˵ޱһ˿źϾĶȹʱ䡣
ܳĬƬ˵ȥ﹩翴г
г˵һٶ࣬ѡƷƣɸ롢ģ˵ҪٶࡣûҲôţʵûҪԩǮ
һС˵ûܸıˣ˵гﲻһҪҡͷ˵²żԺ˵ɡ
֪ܲޱ룬ΪԺǹʱ䣬תȥӡ
ޱߵ⿴ȥ۵ǺʯǽȻͬķ羰
ʯعҵУֳˮ೧̴һļûͣЪųŨճڻɡ
Ǳˮϴɫƶ׺Уžܺá
֮£ֻޱ޼ʵı󺣣ϲƽ㲨ˣӹҡҷ洬ֱɫɳ̲
ײɳ̲վĺˮѸٷֱ󺣣ֻûϴ󲿶ӵзɳ̲š
ɳ̲һųҶӣ·ڳЦзɵɵ
ޱ̾shigG٤ջĿ¥¿
۵һԺӣԺֱ¸ǵĳǽƽשΧһȦɹ̨
ޱĽǶȣؿԼ̶ڰǽ֧Y͵ľ
ٰĿƵ棬һС˵أⷿӿ˰꣬ûʲô߲ˡҰݵǳͦïʢ类ܳˣῴűЩͺͺģ
˺ԺӺԱ߿СŽȥ
ޱսݵʱȥ׿õǴשģҲͦƽʱͨ磬ʱϴĻӦòʲôζ
ֻ޷Ǯͻֵ
Ȼ²ܶ룬˻ǻۡ
ţޱӸܽ˸߲ʣ裡ԺԼķ𣿡
ޱع˵͵ܵ˯һ䡣
͵֮ܵǲҵģǹһ䣬͵Լķ䣬ʱԼ俩Ǵˣ
סţǶǸһסһŻ취ռԼ˯
ˣ޷ĳԺСԼķ͵ڳˡ
͵ĺӣΪˣ·ͿΪΪһޱһֱûֵԼ˯һǼûжķ䣬Ҳ˯֪ǱϾС
ޱȻӵ˯Ѿֺ˷䣬ͷϣûԣ߳ԡ
¥Lνṹԣǰͨ͸д̵Ǵԣһ
ſһ˲ߵȣȾͷһţŴǸС̨̨Ϸ˸ϴ裬װӦֻģֻǰסߺû˹ܣĻѿήҲǹͺͺġ
̨Ա߾¥ݣ¥㣬һ¥¾ǺţҲ￪һ¥Աǳڱĳԡҡ
ص¥ԴԷŲǰŵģޱ߳ԷţͿ˴Եģ
Զ¼Ҿ߲ͬԼҾ߻ǰġ
ķʱӻ׼ļҾߣԵĴ¹ȣЩҾܴߵġ
Ҿ߱ȷ׻ססҲ½½ҾߣõԿʱѾ׼ļҾߡ
֮ǰ½ļҾߣҲûٺõġ
ǰϧǺ߳ʪסõ㣬ͨ磬ϸάҾҲʮꡣⷿӿ˴꣬һֱţͨҾ߾ùÿЩ
õԿ׺󣬰ЩõòõļҾ߶ɲѵ˳䣬ֻȱ첲ȵĶ޺ãŵԡҵáٺõıԵĴ¹ϴɾᵽ˴ԡ
ҾõĶǺľͷȻЩˣûùû棬ϴɾͦô¡
Ǵ¹ǰԳߴģᵽԺеռطһת
ޱתһ룬ԺֵûôܴѶδأڲЩ̫ˡ
˵Ի㲻ǹҵĴ̫ˣһȫǻҳԴҲ࣬滹ΪѴ
ޱϵĻң˵Ѵϴһϴ
ޱ˵ֱӻɣ֮ǰҳ˲覴õĲϣмģÿ
޷ĳĲֿ˼覴òͷһֱûôޱԸ⻨Ǯ򣬲ƱҲġ
ʵЩ˵覴òʵⶼ󣬻˿ͱʪɫȾë
ǰ߲һ㶼󣬳ǲüЬ棬ô󣬵ôͷҲͦáɫ·ȥÿסɳ׵ڼõĶͦãȻҲ
ֻǴַȽټǸհܻȽæ¹Ƶһӡ
뵽ⴰýһʱ䣬ޱĿ˵ȰѴϴϴҲУ´ٻϡ
ҪǷһûͺˣٶȣòһ
Ҳ֪ûѷһڹҲòϣ·;̫Զһ̫أʵڲôֹɡ
УڰѴ˵ߵߣʼ
ޱû뵽жôѸ٣ǰ˵Ұɡ
ã࣬һС
ø첲ޱɲ´ӵϣȻԼޱȻﲻæҲ˼һæ뻹Ǹ˹ȥ
ֻսԣ洫Ůڼ𣿡
У
ޱӦߵߣһͷͿŮվԺ˵Ҳ̧ͷ˹
ȻޱͿд黨µŮ۾һЦ˵ڸӪϱɣǸղڸ죬ͲǿǵˣԹ
Ȼʶ¥ˣǻؾټ¥˵Զ׼
Ȼھӣܲվţޱ˵˾䡰ȥкˡ¥ȥˡ
л˵


5 
ޱ¥ʱԺ˵
ǸղſûڸӪϱģѹôϡ黨ľɩһĽ˵Ƥôģ׵öˡ
黨±˵۾Ҫǹ˼Ŷڼסţÿ̧ͷͷһ䣬㻹˵ڸӪ񲻺ãڴ
Ȼ黨ûʳʶҲһ죬Ŀ˼ɫ˵ᷢǽеݣ˵ˣƤʲôãݰͰ͵ģһûʲô
黨⻰ûס˸ۡ
Ϳ߸˵һҪ˰ɣֿʼ˵ˣԼô𣿷ǵѼӲ
˵ʲô߿ݵӰͰѻ˻ȥӭȥЦ˵ǹûǰɣ
ôᡣޱҲЦӭ¡
ֻºûˮдˣǸǸյûüջˮԿܡ
ûû£ǸղҺ˺üˮʡ黨æ֣˵ûҽܣһ˵ˣҽ˸ڸӪһŵġ
ԼָŸ˵Ǹͬ־ǶŵԸų٣ҲǶŵġ
һͨܣޱ˴˽⡣
̸ģ˵ӦദģӦġ
еԳݣᵽɷǸųʱԾֱͦˣû˵ֻ˵ͷȻòǺĸԸ
òӦСģҲĬģΪɷɷ쵼˵ʱ᲻ԾķӦ
ղ˵ڸ죬˵ղڸҺ˲ˮȻסߵھӡshigG٤
ޱ֮ȷ߶ǺߣҪΪʱԺˣˣǸ
뵽ޱЩͷۣ˵ôȥļҴŶףûǰھǲһģôÿ̧ͷͷϺദģϵһھӸҪϲ˵ģ鷳¾Ͷˡ
ϣֻǲദǲ˵ɡ
ﵣǣޱЦɣҽ˵ҽޱ˫ľ֣ޱޱ
ͷǸ䵭ģޱЦЦûҪޱ
ҲܺޱǳЦ˵
ǰɣˣҽʮ꣬ˣ
ޱش˵ʮ
дСˣ˵̧ͷҴ˵ⷿӷˢ˻ô¡
ôǮɲ£һתͷޱ˵Сֲ˵㣬ӷķֲǲסα⻨ôǮŪôڣˢǽڣ޵Ĳԡңҿ˷ѡ
ãֹǲ˵úӶ£
ޱɫͬ־ȻסںߣǲŸʶҼָֻţʰɣ
ʲôָֻţǺ㣡ޱܲʶôΰ˵̰ۺ˷ǼķӦúú÷˼Լ
ޱЦˣҿñӣǿùҵˣǿˣҪǶûУƾʲô˵̰ۣ˵ҷ˴
վʲôʱ˵̰ˣ˵˷ѣ˷Ѿڷ
ޱŲվøʻȥҵ·ĥ˶ڴƽʱԷʣһ׶Ҫ꣬ƾʲô˵˷ѣ
˻ûסˢǽǸǲ˵㲻˷ѣ
ˢǽǲͽ˷ѣô˵Ժ󲿶Ӹɴ಻ҪסϷӵľټά޲ˣҲ˷ѣǱÿҵĲɴȫõˣʲô˷Ѱ
ޱ⻰ֻҪǴȥ޾ˣȫú
ȻҲʶһ㣬ûҡʲôʱ˵Ӳøά޲ˣ
ǰӿԸά޲ǲǮ޷ӣ˷ѣǷǲ
ûô˵
ޱ״˵˵޷Ӹǲ˷ѣ޷˷ѣеĲ˷ѵʱȴ˵û˼ҾͲˣ㵽ǾΪ˷ѣǵҲ˳ۣҲˣ
ȻܳǰߣһͷͻһƱˣǸųҲⲻסϺҲУҪǴȥҲҪˡ
ոֻܽڼ£Ķӡ
ߺҲҴ뿪ˣֻʣ۾ؿޱ
翴ʹˣʦϱƽʱЩɩ˵̬ȶܺΪɷ򼶱߾;Լһȡ
ãҲǸų̬ڵø߸ߵģǵ˶С
ߥ޸ڼңҲû˼ǿ߸ͨȴŵģ뿴
ֻû뵽ޱսôǿֱӰѸ˵Ķˡ
뵽ǻƨɵģޱͲֻǷǳˡ
ޱ˵ȷЩңָֻţھӣԺٲĦ
Ҫߥ޸Ҳڻûʱ򣬾͸˷ֵڵĵز
ǿϷˣҲѸ͸ˡ
Ȼޱ£뵽ĸųҲЩͷۡ
ˣûʲôд䵭Ҽﻹ£㿴
Ҳʲôûɫˣޱ˼æ˵ʱˣҲûȥˡ˶˵ղŶԲסû뵽ɩӻ
鶼ˣޱ˵ʲôҡͷû¡
ͷ˵Ҹ档˵ˡ
߳ԺӣޱһתͷͿվ¥ݿڣһʣʲôʱģ
һˡ
Ҹˣ
ˡ
ޱʣôҲ֪ҳ
ܣ
¥ʱϱģֻ˻ûµһ¥ѸƿԣͣסŲˡ
ʵޱһʣûܵĲ硣
ȫǸһģί˵ȥҲޱռ
ܲͽͳǷ۸ˣռҲ˲ռ
պãɷǴˣͲãϲΪ¼ǺȥܵĲ硣
뵽ޱ˾䣺ҵ˸Ժ˻᲻㴩СЬ
˵û¡ǸղŶ˵ʲô
ޱûҲûͼӴףѸղ֮ĶԻһ顣
ԽüͷԽ;ǲͳһľʩǰҺڵˣ쵼
޷ӳ֧ǮҲԼģûòһ֣쵼֪û˵ʲôиµķݡ
ſ˷ѱտڷҪϱƤⶥñӿȫҶꡣ
ɫ̫ãޱ¶ɣû𣿡
ܿ϶ͷޱǲģ˵һʱԸźú̸̸¡
ޱڷģš
л˵
ղ~


6 
Է߽ԺӵʱԺȻûˣųţ̴ðựݱ߾װӱʣܰϱӹˣ
ûõӦԷŲһߵſڣͿϱĮ̃һϳ
Էüôǣ˭ˣ
һĮ̃һ˦˵˸Ļ˭
Է¶ȣڣϱ
ĳ˭ûʣҾûô֪ôˣ治֪ʲô񣬷ôõĹﲻҪôɫ
Էüͷ΢壺ⶼǰϻˡ
ʲôϻƱ߲һ࣬ҾΪƽΪܵü꣬תͷȢ˱ˣ
ʵƹϵûôãֻڴϾҽԺʱΡ
ϲ£ɩ˵ģʱܲƵΪˣ̫֣ܶˣʵ˿
ǰվԭϿƣޱĳУͳ˸С
ԷôһµģϲûùûϹˣûӦ֮ûãܾٻϼңٻͶ˸
ʱԷ廹˵벻Ʊʮͷø仨ƵģѧҲбҵ˼shigG٤Уҵ߹ϵֵֻԺиίĹø
Ҫһ˼ȫϣܵʱļ治һĹ
ᰡ
ôڸûпָժĵطûԲơ
һʧƫĵĻԷüͷҲøϱ粵ֻ⻰ǰ˵˵ˣͷ˵
һ壬Ϊܻƽ鷳
ԼĻʲô⣬ֻǿɷ࣬ͰѵߵġΪʲô˻ȥԹ˵ûϱҺĸ˵סУûҪŪ̫ڣ˷Ǯ˵ҹúӶ£磡˵
ޱû˵úӶ¡仰ô˼ô˵ˡ
ԷҲ⻰̲סֹȢʲôϱҲǣû¸ָֻ˵Щʲô
ˣʲôָֻţǺȰ
ǣǺģ˲ʲôã
ҪΪʲôôҪ֪ˣҲȰԼǮûʲôϵ
Է岻ͻãһ͸ͱԹøˣԷʱûͣԷۣԱ¿Ӿͳȥˡ
˵ҲɣճԼҴţԷͿ˸վˮرϴܡ
ȻڸУϱаٰ㲻ãԷ忴ǶŮ˼£еûϵ߹ȥʣʲôʱģ
յܱϴ˵
ԷŶôϴ룿òڣ
岻ϴˡƽʣǳˣ
ǻڳԡԷʱϱԹЩ˶˵ɩӺ͵úЩ졣
ϴɾһ룬šˮͷϴ˵¡
˵
Է˵Ŵӿڴһ̣һݸȴܣʣ㲻ǳ𣿡
˵ϱڼҡ
ԷϳŶû뵽ܻǸ޹ϣЦɣҾԼˡ˵߻񣬵ȼ͵ŵ̡
̵ʱܿˣ˵Ļȴͷԣɩϰࣿ
ϰࣿûϰడԷһ㶣ϱ˵Ҹ
²żҾƣɩȥ˽ֵ죬ǽ˼ͼίôϱ˼ҿ˳۵ģָֻˣ
Էˣ֪£ϱֹˡ
Ȼ¸ûãҲ˵˵ͣ⿪ᣬĻͲôʹˣ°
ԷɫɩӶ˵ˣ˵ЩΪģǺѣֱֻ˵Ҳֱ֡
ϱܵҼң˵ǵ޷Ӹǲ˷ѣ˵ΰ˵̰ۺ˷ǼķΪģ
Էüͷһ˵ǰ仹˵䷢ɢˣϱҲ˵Ǻġ
ֻ͸ޣôܵһ֮ʣƬ˵ǲʲôᡣ
ϱ׶ģʲô᣿㲻ţŽƽϱͬ־Ӫϱͬ־֤һҼңͬ־˵ЩӦ
ܼ˵Ҿˣ޷ӸǲûòһֲĶԼǮô̰۷ˣУ޷ǰҾںʹǽܲˢܲޣڶ˵û⣬ͷ쵼Ҳûԣô˸ͬ־УæЩͳ˷ѣ
֤˾˵ˣԷﲻ˰ˡŷ֣ʱıԹɫڳ
Թϱ֪ôҪǱ˸ñӣ˦ȥˣûôꡣ
Էţ˵ֱӸ浽ͼίתһ룬ܳΪھҲԵ֣οʶô꣬Ϊͬ־Щ϶ı⣬˵̸̸
һ˵ɩ֮䷢ڽǶҽֵ߸λϰĶͬΪŮԣӦֵ֡͸ⶼΪ»СС»ˡ
ҪִǸ浽ίίһ飬һ죬ͷ쵼˵£СҲ˴¡
˵Ǹ˼ݶ˿ñӣ˵˴˵Ů˼Ŀڽǣ浽ί̫С
Է嵹ùΪҲ³ˣ˵һǧ˰ٵܲŻȸԷ̸¡
ȻԷʱܿ϶ʵʵ˵ǵ˵ʵøԷ壬ĽԼ⽫ִ
Է嵱ȻǲϣִģȻǸ˵ģǾ仰һ壬ִ˱˵Ϊܲ
뵽⣬Էܿһ𸴡
˵꽫ͷһӣýתͻ˼ңûһп޺ǼҴ

ޱϴʱԷʹŸҵš
Ƶƹ£ٲʱĸ߰ͷۣԴޱǸ
Ȼû̫ţޱ͸ʱԹߣټޱһӸסһһܹעǰڼҵǸϷ߾ʹˡ
ȫ֪ߵˣԼľɩǣ
л˵


7 ˽Ǯ
˵лصʱϻЦ˽ƽʣʲôôˣ
һۣʵҲûʲôģʱ䲻ھӶ׼˯ˣοԼңû˻͵˾˵лʱ飬ҿܰĽȥ
꣬˵ˣղԸųŸڼȥˡ
ɴϴӵĽƽסȥڼҸʲô
ܸɶǸ£
ܸԷ̸µʱ򣬼Щ˶ˣȻǾʲô֪˰鴮ܲµࡣ
Է͸ڼҵʱպڸɢȻ˵ɢʵϾİԡ֮ʱһ
ͷԵģ̲סһ֣˵ƽʱԾǸųϱҲҪܣҲҪ֣Լ̲ˣߵ֪˰ɡ
Ȼûڼ˵ƽһͷŮ˵£ֻĻûͣ˵Ҳŵ㣬⻰ǰ˵˵ˣȥ˾鷳ˡ
ȥܵ˭޷ǾԷޡ
һͲˣǸӪޱ۸ֹܻ֪ôڼҶ˵㶼ˣ
ƽҲˣʲôˣӣһͷһ֪ˣ˵һסţshigG٤ôϸ
Цǰͷ࣬ʮŵϸӪ㣬ʮ߾͵ϸӪˡ
ƽʱø˵˯ͱ˯ˡ
ҺҲ£ֻͬЩģ˵֪첻ȥڼˡ
ɷ˵ǳܸûʲôϵ㵣ʲô
ȻûϵϾ˸ģҪӣǺ޵Ŀ²ֹޱܵˡ
ôţ̾˿ǵĸǺңԸų硣
Ц̫죬齫˵ǳûͣǺʲô˵Ų಻ˣֻҪҹɵúúõģΪϱͷҡ
ѽɷ˵ϣˡ
ʣƽʱΪ⣬Ÿô
ȷ¶ˣֻٲľûϣãҲʶʲôˡġ
Ͼǵģˣ⻰١С꿴Ըӡʵڲô˵ǰԼԸûҪΪίȫﶼ
ƫͷ˰ɬۿתʱѴЦá
С꣬ҲûʶͶԵˣʣϱô

˵˿ŻУͦġ
Ҳã׳ԿΪɾͿԶ
ɷ˼ޱհѸˣھȥޱ¸֮ǰûǺԺҲˣ㺬˵Ժ˵ɡ

̸ޱʱױ̨ǰͷΪ뵽Ҫ£Щš
Ȼ꣬Ƿûʲô飬»йΡ
ԭȻܲУΪֻܹȥΣһޱֵǴڼҴʮ죬ڼޱӣ뷨Ҳֻʵʵġһĸȥ˵Т裬ܣĻЩ˼
ܻʯǣҲڼҴ˼죬ΪҪڷӣҾ֮ĶòˣæӵĸҲ˼ңû˹ܣСһ˯Ҳûʲô
漸Ҳˣһǻޱ˯ģסľޱǰ˯ӣС˶࣬úܡ
֮Ǿͳˣת𳵣мǻصд˯һޣڶ˲ֱ絽־ۣмѹûദʱ䡣
ֵ˯ԣţദĻˣʲôҲˮɵ¡
뵽ޱ
ŲΪɬϾ˽ô꣬޶ˣϷޣ¸꣬Ҳ
Ļǲڣ˵׷ޣΪ࣬治ͨѸϤ˵ʵڵģҪǼƬʱʱţҪǲʲôˡ
ƫƫǷޣദ͸ñͨѸܣûôϤӵҲ쾭¡
ԭĻ˵Թݣֱӱݴ
ޱţܽˣŤͷʣ˯ˣ
˯ˡ˵Ŵš
ޱ޶˵ǣǵһε˯Ż᲻᲻̫ã
Ȼ˵˯ǰٴ򿪾С
˯ǰҪʲôԲܴţýֺͷ뵽
ޱ΢٣ͷĶҲͣ
ȴڵģ߿
ҲޱƬʱʱƬǲһϱ仯С
ǰ黨裬Ҳ˵ӤʣŲ裬СΪ࣬ͷʱЩţЦҲǽģÿο̲ס֡
ϵӤʳȥҲ黨ˣ˵࣬ȻͿŻǲ󣬵˵ʱѾ̫ȡ
ǺÿģƬϸÿ
ʵܵûôУֻǷֻˣԺˣޱɲͷʣһֱҸ
ÿ
Ŀ̹˵ĻҲֱӣԭжɬޱ˾䣺Ŷ
ޱϺΣܵĿҲô̹ˣķΧҲ˱仯ԭķøˡ
ֱܿڣʱ䲻ˣ˯ɡ
ޱ̧ͷȥױ̨ϵӣǴӼģΪʵֺôûתˡ
ŵʮߣȷˡ
ޱӰվȴû̶ʣ˯ıߣ
˵С
ޱŶ̧Ƶ棬ɵϡ
ܾ͸ɵߣ˳˻ûʲôһظ죬Ȳȡ
Ȼձܱʱޱ巴Խһ£Ҳͨѣټ⻰ҵúв۵㣬̧ܿͷһۣ˼Զ׼
·ݵݵôܲȡ
ʵ򿪴Ҳã紵Żͦˬġôܿ
Ҳ֪ԼʵЩ࣬һ˵˽㹤ҵǫ̇Ȼ
ʵģֻ֮ǰǲ޷ӣټõĶܵĹҵȯˣˡ
ݵ쳤Ҳȣȿ϶򣬲Ȼ죬û
ޱһ£ʣԼ򣿡
û˼ͷţ
ޱ΢΢һЦҵ˼ϻжǮȣĻҾͲǮˡ
ܣ
֪˲˽Ǯޱ͵ˣֻ·ûҵʵĻսɣŵµ칤һ˵
˻ͷðɣʵޱӲôӲϻ˵ˣȻٿ
Ͼ˽Ǯֶûеĺá


8 ˣƤ
ʵûв˽Ǯ˼ֻǷһֱط־ӣһŵüϰ£ﲻǮҪʲôҪǮ͵ץϹÿ·ʣԼʮʮ飬ȥ
ӹܳԣҲסģƽʱҲûʲộǮ
ٳɶ࣬ȥҲ˴󼸰٣ֻ֮ǰ޷˴룬ټõļҾߣư裬Ҳûʣ¶Ǯ
ޱܷŶޣǮƱ浹
Ʊ࣬Ʊ߰ţûһľƱʮƱţǰǶУҲһǡҵȯҲмţֵСղݹҵȯĹҵƷˣͷԣ÷ܡ
ŶлƱһҼ̣һ屦̣١
ƱޱͻȻ뵽С˵ܵĽ֣ǵ÷ΰߵģ겻ʮꡣ
ޱ򴽣Ʊʣƽʱ̶𣿡
û˵һһ
ޱ˲̵̣߳Ĳ٣칫ҾǹshigG٤ÿ̲֣һҪ̡
Ϊͬ칫ҵĴûٸǳܣǳ̰Ѱ칫ŪЩ̵Ҳꡣ
ޱûų쵼°ȫ⣬Ҫ֪ǵλ޷ĳֿѷŵȫȼ֯Ʒһ˭ϰ˻ڰ칫ң˵ǲЩˣ쵼Ҫ군
ʵЩ쵼ﲻǲֻǻûյüëϣҲùܡޱôһ˵ЩˣʼԼ칫ǹڰ칫ҳ̡
Ǳ񫲻󣬶Ҵʯǵڣҵʱ򣬽ɵʱŴҵ˸⣬ޱû̡
̶𺦲Ϊپʧ񫶼ģʱһһһҪ
ȻޱڻȷС˵ʵԣ٣ϣ̸ܰ
ޱҲ֪׽ѣ칫ǹ֪ˣ쵼ţҲǲڰ칫飬ϰʱ͵ȥǳе¡
Ҳû취쵼ǿӲظƶȣΪǺʱܳܣϤһ㣬̽ĵ߰ɡ
ޱţί˾䣺СŶζá
Դսѵ½ûǱԹϱǽ̵£ÿÿԹ˻Ҫļϧڵɿӡ
һޱ̵ܾѾ˾ίĻ˵Ҿ䡣
⵹֮ϲޱһ˿ЦáͷǮ
ܿǵЦݣ΢΢һ֡
һǮرǸޱСǮǮǮͺãޱǮƤ
ֻǮûޱ;£ܵ˵֣Ǯء
ʮ飬飬Ҳţһ࣬ʮţپɢӲңֵҲǮ
ȥӲңһһٶ
ͷȲˣ΢õĶҪһƷƻٹ㣬绪ȣһ̨˵һ߰ˡ
ͷǮ̨ȣǺܺõ֣Ǯ
̨ȻȱȽϺãޱ̧ͷܽߵ
˧˧ģ̫ˣ·ܿϵĺëޱͷһ˵ˡ
ȥȴޱֽóǮƱȫޣǺúԽ޷ŵͷ˵ȵ˵
˵ˣޱǰʱֹסϣ󾱴ͷסĴ
ޱ۾΢ڳٳߵ۾
۾úܺã˫Ƥβ΢΢̣ЩУʱܻˡ
ǵһμʱޱеĸн˵˶Ӻü䣬ЦһЦҲûЦĸֻøɰͰ͵Բ˵С⡣
Ϊ⣬ȥ乫԰ʱĸϴ󲻷ģһ߽໰ʮǮ
ܲҪʱˣʱ̫̫ߣĿҪǮ
ĸǰǮӲ˵ؼҵʱҪ飬ҪǮû꣬Ҳûؼˣ˯ȥɡ
ǮתͷޱӶҪȥӪԷȥĻʯǹӪǼҡ
տʼޱȥ̫ˣҲ
ܼ״ͰˣóʮǮޱæϲ˯֡
ޱЦãֻõͷӦ
극ȥһ˹磬׼ˮȥҲǮʱûˮҲǮߣȥ
ʱޱ⣬ֻ֮ôһƲֳô£
ȻܾԸԸ󣬲Լˡ
òãִһװ˵ĻԵøϣޱûʲô뷨˾ĶˣͿӦ
ʱǻԼ˵ڶһȥӰͽӵæ˶ӡ
ȥޱΪԼѾ˵ЩϸڣڣЩ¶
ޱգգ۾ܵ𣺡
ޱͷڴڵش
һᣬܵĴ˹ΪԵʣޱ΢΢ͷ󾱵ֱɵϡ
¶ȼ
ܶͷðϸܵĺ
ޱҲûö٣ڸҲ·°ڣ¶ƽ̹˳ӵز£˫֡
·Ҫ뿪ޱ˫֣ͻȻ
ۿۿۡ
ûӦɡˡ
ޱ͵ػعƿߴ·˵ȥţ϶ǡ
á
ҧһ´ȥš
վŵһ˯û裬ʹӴȥ衣ֻǵţȴİһ谵ȣ˶ʱˣվԭ˺һᣬǵ¼ˣסԣſʼš
ûӦĳţ£ſˡ
ֻſһۿĲ裬ǺװͰ͵İְ֣ʱһί۵һͿ˳ءҪ衭
ޱĿЬ˲ϴ˳Ƶһ߱סС˵ԣﰡ
ŵϵζСһСЩǺίʵؿţȥˣҲ㡭
ޱݣıߺ壺ûȥģڼѽָĨᣬ㣬˻޳
̧ͷһվԱߵİְ֣û˵ԼǱװְſ޵ģС˵û㡣
͸粻˵ˣҪ˯𣿡ޱЦ˵
Ѿѣܿ緢£ˣƤ˵Ǹ˵ģңҲŲҪ󡣡˵űסޱͷһ˯òã
Ա߿ŵüͷ΢壬겻͵˯ˣֵⶼˣôҪһ˯
̫ˡ
źӲ̫ŵԭſھ˵Уյߣϱ˵ãת˵һֱǸ˯ģûôӦǸһ˯òã
˵òáʱޱ߰˷֣ܶвͬһֻëḧġ
תȥ˵Ұ
л˵


9 
ѵʱе㶣ֱޱ϶䣬Żعʣô㷿
ţѾʼ쿪ԲԲ۾ʣѵһ˲ƶ˯ʱԴǸ䣬䣿Խ˵Խ˷ܡ
ޱشˣ˯ŵʱְֱġ
СһʱϳŶûһʣְΪʲôҹ˯ѵǰְǲ˯
˵űȻԸһ˯shigG٤Լķ䣬ѾǴˣٸ˯߰
Сһ͵ı飬µĻظ˵µĻһԸһ˯ġҿ󣬴յޱѹҵķҪŶ費Ը߱Ҹһ˯Ŷ
棬Ҫӣ
ޱԲŪÿЦãÿӣƨ˵ȥˢԷɣ
Ŷʣܵأ
ˣѾˡޱ˵Žǵı̺ŵβλãȻ˳ͷλȥ
ߵ¥ݿڣͰϽлޱ˵顣˵װģȡ
Ǹûʲôĵĺӣ¥ݲͷһһ׵ߣҪһݣ·µÿһЩ
Ȼ¼¥ǱⳤģַСҲɣһ׵߾еΣˣһȿȥɲˡ
ܿɫʱͳ
Щ˽̺ӿ⣬Щ򿿿ĵؽֶǣȲжΣգҲûһָͷֻͣ¥ݣһ֡
տʼú棬ˣ϶Ҳ뿪¥ݣ۵С۵վš
ܵô꣬վ˶˵Էˮһ򵥣ܰùûþͿʼҪ衣
źҲʹޱȻۺӣûֹ簮ĳ̶ȣҪǲܣÿĵظţޱ̺ǰΪʵŻȥֶΡ
֮Ҫܣ˫˫ͬ⣬ôܸȣûӦ
в裬޵øˣĹҲʵʼϴ
ҪϴɲǡҴˡ֣˵˰СģһҪģҪ̬ϡ
ܾ˵´ҿһףһٴΣ֪𣿡
޿󣺡֪֪ˡ
ܲ⣬˵㣡
ֻóɤӺ֪ˡŵԴ¥Ҳ͵ˣһһߵ̤̤ʵʵ
ְֵֻħƺ˽ޱ״˯û˵һ仰֪˯źͱܱԣϸǰ˯ġ
ܵ˵ܸĽѵǺõģ͵Ҳһ¥ˣĳ˸ޱ
ޱԼȥ
Сһͣ飬²ȥ
ޱһβ㣬߱˵Һ緹Ҫţ㲻ڼҴŰɡ
һҪţվסˣޱ¥
ûԸ豧ܲˣ¥ʱͶŵġ
ƢһÿȥҲ죬߳͸ˣܵܶǽǱչȥʣڿʲô
ָ꣡˵ڿϡ
벻С𣿵ͷϿȥȻ󾪺дϰ
ʵϵҲû϶ûСĴָ֣Ǳȼϴöࡣϡ棬͸ܵһ鿴Ϊ̫רע躰ˢû
ֱޱˣվԡҵʱ򻹸ޱ˵裬кôϡ
󣿡
´ɸףСָͷ˵ָͷСһ㣬Ǳȼϴöࡣ
ޱŶû̫⣬ϵҺˮˮʪӣæһϣûüϴ
վԱ߱ˢֹޱһûףšëʱ۾ʣ˵ʲô˵һ顣
óˢظ˵裬Ϊʲô¼ҵϱȾɼҴôࣿ¼ҵǾɼϵİְ𣿡
ޱ
ʱȷ̫⺢ǵ쿪˵ڵļңǰļҸǧм仹Ŵ󺣣ϵİְӦܲ
ǲ𣿻ִ
ӦòС
Ϊʲô
ޱϹûǮƱ
ԭȻ򣬵ûһʼ⣬Ϊʲô¼ϱȾɼҴôࣿ
ޱɾش𣬵һתͷȫĭ˵Ĺ֪̽ȥ˶٣Ŀ˵ϴٸ㡣
ðɡ
̾ˢݣȻڣµˮ˵ˢˡ
ˢûˢɾޱʾɡ
죬¶һڰţˢɾˡ
ޱ׵ǰϸݡ
ЩǶ̫עˢ£ر£ܼˮڵ٣һݴ಻ãɫҲƫơ
ޱСͻᳳҰҪˢÿˢͷּˢЩݶò
ޱԸܴҲɾԭڣǻϸˣףҲɾָ޼룬ָûۡ
Щ֪࣬Ҳͷָܱɾʱ䳤ڸϾиˡܼˢ·δϴ˵ָ׷죬æ˲ϡ
ȥޱǾܺá
ޱɾݳúͿʼˢСӶзʱˢϹŪûˢ˵ˢǳе£ޱһòԣͻֵݣˢɾûС
ЩŪˣ춼ûˢɾޱûʣˢˢЬϸˢָһˢࡣ
־죬Ҳ֪ˢϣ˵ͻſŵ죬ˢ
ϹŪˣÿһˢøɸɾޱ飺㿴ˢɾŶ˵Ŵ͡
ޱۣ˵ˣϴɡ
ϴޱʱ䣬ʮѾȥ
аɣһ졣

緹Եü򵥣һ࣬һ̲ˣһ̳ˡ
̲Ǹɽˣ״Ҳסţ֮ǰޱװһޡ˽ˣޱ軹װһ޸һɽ䣬ɹɵľĢާ˵ȣǰ㣬ʡ
ȥгģʱˣ˳ûʲôȣƷӦվҲ̯ˣʣЩ˻ƹϣز˶Ըȥġ
ûʲôϼҲǶٶٻȣ˭ԺʣϺз󺣲Σ̲סˮ
ͷҲӦΧڣƱ򣬶߻֤Ʊ
úʳͳͳҪڲܰ졣²ĸֻܳܵĹӦĹӦҲޣû¼͵öϺз
˳Թޱʹӳţ׼ȥðʻڵ£˳ȥƷӦվ
첻Ҳǰ񫣬˳Ĳ˵
л˵


10 
ȥгʱޱ˵ĵΡ
ΣǼҾλμǸСɽɽȥ¡ʱ·λչһߣ·ʮܿ·shigG٤ڣ·ۣܵǾӪ
չһҲһ·ðг硢ƷӦվȵλһ飬ðλڼλȦˣǾСѧ
˵ǾСѧʵѧֹӵܣܱߴҲͺ飬ѧУͦǰש߷
žСѧǰߣҲиʮ·ڣǸҵӣƷӦվĺƷԴҵӡǾӪ֮;ӪбԽǷֲȻҲֱ߹ȥСһŢһƬ
ʮ·ǰߣﳵʮӾܵسǣ·ͱȽˣޱĽų̹ƵʮӣҪǴȥƵ߸á
ܱʩճҲûҪسܡ
ԼԺӣΪź·ǰߡ
Һܼң˽ܸܽӪĽ̵Ա֮ϵƺﳴõĵ϶ܼҽġŮ˽еƣǸģŮˣ˵ģƢһͲ
ܼҾʱޱûǿСʯͷǽ߹۲ʲôʹչȥ˾䣺ڿʲô
Сʯͷ̧ͷĸͣƬ̣˵ڿϡ
̫Сû壬ʡ˵ʲôûܽԺӴյСʯͷߣŵϣ̧ͷ˵˵Ҳڿϣ
ȻܼҾʱӴкȻСʯͷûô졣
ֻŶûȥ˼
СʯͷԱŲŲЩнûһִյߣͬСһġ
ûСʯͷľнŵ˵ҼſҲϣϱǼſڵĴ󡣡
ģСʯͷʡ
ȻҼҵϿ϶ǰְ衣һҵˣ˵Ļ϶ûҼҺҰţžܹ𳵡
Сʯͷʣʲô
ɴ۾û𳵣ִ𣿻д𣿡
СʯͷʵЩ˼ûû
ôأ⣬Ӽʱִ𣿡
һֱﰡСʯͷ˵̫˼
۾Ťͷޱ˵裬һֱסǴӾɼŶ·ʲôܡ
ޱ˵СʯͷӦڵϳġ
ӹ涨ǸӪϾ˼ܽӪüˣСʯͷڵϳҲϡ档
תͷСʯͷ
Сʯͷû̫Լģͷ˵ҲҶû𳵡
СവĻޱЩЦãʱ䲻ˣ˵ǸóˣȻСʯͷòã
ǻҪȥվ˵ðɣڼ𣿡Сʯͷ
ղŵĽ̸СʯͷѾϲѣֻͷͿˣﲻôȷĿʣ裬ڼ𣿡
ƳʱĻЦ˵ڼңҪ𣿡
תͷޱ𣿡дڴ
ޱͷԡ
Ǿ˵ŶСʯͷָҪ
ЦޱҪţ
ޱͷ˵ţûˣȥгͺʹӦվ˳ȥðʻڵ£ܰ
ڵĻĻһ죬ĻһӦҲɩⷽЩ˽⡣
һܰҲãޱ˼ţƵл
Цҡͷʲô˵˾䡰һᡱתݣ϶¥ȥˡ
ޱûȶãܾķӣƾʹӶ¥ˣߵǰ˼Ʊ˵㻧ڻûͷûʲôƱͻݸ˼š
ޱû뵽Ʊȥˣæƴ˵ã˵ȥʳϵתǰȳĹӦ
мľ٣ֵʱԻؼסҲڼԡʱӦʳϵߵģʳϵڵλֻڵλʳóԣǽʳϵתת
תʵϾǽֹӦ۳Ʊˣ˿Ʊȥף˳ˣӪˣʹϸɡ
Ի˵ʳϵתװܽȥ죬ϾܴƱؼˡ
֮Ǽܳˣ
ޱõƵƱΪܳ⣬Ǹʶû˵٣˼˶
ƿޱƤ⵰ƱջȥȻʣµƱݸ˵ڸӪӦվ̯ˣƱţźǹȥԵҲ㡣ģƱ׸㣬㹩ӦҪģǰסţҲҪƱʱҲˡ
˵ϣޱپܾͲôˣϾҲǺģƱ˵ǳɣҹӦͻ㡣ûҪҪһȥг䡣
ƻûȥˣԥƬ˵Ҽﻹе¡
ޱҲȥð죬û˵ʲôЦˣ𣬸̺Сʯͷ˵ټ
ΧŶڵϵ̧ͷȻվ˵ټСʯͷټ
Сʯͷ˵Ŷ
Сʯͷࣺҵ㡣
ޱҲĸӻӻ֣Ȼǣֵ뿪
ܼҺ˵ղſϣ£ʣ㻹ûңΪʲô¼ҵϱȾɼҴôࣿ
ʣ¼ϱȾɼҴܶ𣿡
û¼ô󣡾ɼֻô󣡡ű಻ԵĴС
˵ھɼҲôϰ
𣿡š
ܿ϶Уܴܺڵϡ
⣺ΪʲôҿĶСϣ
ޱ廰˵ϼҲϣӦֻǴû
͵ܵܶô϶ֻ˵ðɡ
ȻϼҲдϣղŵҲ⣬׷ʣ
ޱֵ߱ģŹ߰˷ӣһĺש߷ǰð쵽ˡ
л˵


11 
쾭ⶰʱֻ˾ð죬ʵ¥Ǻ͸ãǰ߰칫һ¥ڶ¥칫
һ¥źͦʵ߼칫ңҸšֱ﷿ͨģ칫ãʣ쵼칫ҡұļֱǾڰáϵ⡢ڵСŰ칫ҡ
Ȼûˣÿ칫϶ľƣޱұߵһ칫ҵš
ܿ촫
ޱŽȥ۵һ䳤ΰ칫ңͨǰź󴰻͡칫Ҳ󣬽ǰ칫Ҹţļ񣬾shigG٤ٴڷš
칫̧ͷŰ칫ǿյģޱҲûˣ³ȥˡ
ޱҲûעЦЦǺãҽޱľʻǰ𣿡
˶һۣǶǾΪĻ̶ȱȽϸߣʱпȱͱŵ˾ðְ
Է칫ڼڣ˼ʲôܵһʱ֪һޱףͲµݣɷ˭ʲôʱˡ
Ӧģļ﷢Ҳ˵ˣ֪ޱ˹ģʵϲ̫ǡ
뵽ұ߰칫洩ӳµŮֱͦʣ϶𣿡
ޱ˵׼µģӦģûڣޱôȷֵſڿյˣܺ󣬱߽ȥ˵Щϣ鷳æ
ӳӹʱ̧ͷɨۣüһģһСվűҧ䣬¶ȣú񣿡
ޱ˵˫̥ԳҪһ㡣
Ҳ˫̥ɡ˵⻰Ա߰칫ŵŮˣϴŻɫĺļ
ӽװ¾ŮļװϰʽŮķӿŻӦȥ귢ģûٴΡ
ޱ̬ͦЦ˵ͬѺѣͬѳһЩûô񡣡
Ů˾ȣ˫̥Щ
ޱͷӦ÷֣ҽô˵ġʵ⻰ҽ˵ģС˵дġ
ʱ򣬸ӳѾϣߵļǰ򿪹ҳݱ񣬵ݸޱ˵ˣݱ񡣡ֵ֧ʸޱָָԱ߿յİ칫˵ɡ
ޱл
Ȼݱֻһֽ涼УҪϢ٣ޱЩá
İطֵҴӻãʱ䳤˾;Щġޱһݱܹʣû
ޱ̧ͷ˵һᣬܵһ𣿡
ðɡ̾˿תͷ⿴ȥиԺӣʣҺ͵ܵܿԳȥ𣿡
ޱЩԥϾİطܲˡ
ʱԱߴװŮ˵ݹǹЦʣСѳԲǣ
ĺвǹģĻˮǣƵ̵ֽģ·Сӣ̲ס¿ˮ
Ǽᶨҡҡͷ˵˵İ˵Ķǹ촽رǳԵġ
ֵپŵ㳤ģͬп˵ܳټƤѩףž͸ϲ
װŮ˺ϲӣֻǸղֵվſڣ󿴵óԸҲ̫ŵˣֱڲͳǹ
˭֪Сر£òУֱضǹȴҪʹܾĶҪˣЦ˵İ˵ǹãְָɷʶģҼҲסڼ̿ɲİˣ衣
תͷޱ
ޱͷͼԷЦ˵ҽ࣬ɷƽܶǽͧӵģǶʶ
ޱŵģȻֻפģ󣬷˰ڡڣкձļ𶼲ͣЩ˲˵Ϥֶʶ˵ģ˸ܶǺڵģʶ֡
ʵǰʶҲûϵڼסţ·òôʱ䳤˻컹ûġ
ҲóǹΪϲӣû˼ͷ˵Ҫ˵лл֪𣿡
лл̣лһǹֿվſڵĵܵܣʣҿԸҵܵҲһǹ𣿡
ϴЦ˵Ȼԣ⼸ǹǸǵġ
Ķˣ뻹ҡͷ˵Һ͵ܵһһžͺˣ費ǳôǹġǹ֣ܵܣ
վſڷ̵߽ӹǹ˵лл̡
ԣ佱ƽʱôӵģǽ̵ô¡
ͷ˽红Ҳ磬ɩкӣͽйصĻҲһֱ˹ע
ӳµĹԱ̸ͣҲӶ£Ҷӱǻ꣬첻ϷߣӴͷ
ޱ˵ϼи˵߰ĺӹӣҾٴЩùܡ
⻰˵˸ӳµԶԣҶӽ꣬ǹҶǻûôԣҺӵӦҲá
ϣɡޱ̾˿дõıݸԷʣвУûʲôȱġ
ӳ¿ɨ˱񣺡ûʲô⣬ʱûʲôȱģвеͷ˵㣬Ȱϸ㽻ȥ֪ͨ㡣
鷳ˡޱ˵ˣôһ֪֡
ʰϱ˵ҽ㣬ͬ־С
ޱ㣬ʣǾҽȻȥˣ⻧һ
Ҫȥ˾԰ϴȥˣڻʲôʱҪǱôû⡣˵Żһתģǽʱܹһ㲻⣬߸̶ѣӦþɡ
ޱл˵Һʱ𣿡
ţңҸ𡣡
СޱͷʾԼ֪ˣкֵλ˵ټ
ֵﻹǣޱĻ׷׽Ƕ棬˵ټټ
ʵûô죬Ǵֱ˵ټģһۺɿĿڡ
СϲԾЦݣټټ
ޱָ˻˻֣װļĴӸֵһߡ
ճ칫ңޱʮŮˣԷŶ̷żɫǺɫֱͲ㣬һ˫ԲͷƤЬ
ͦ
ȻĻǾɩס˵ھӣ²ʶҲϽ顣ޱֻ׽ˣֻ˵ͷӳȥˡ
Ů˶࿴ޱۣð칫Ҹ˴кʣղųȥľɩ
칫ڰ칫Ҳˣ쵼ȥˡ
⣬߰칫Ķ̷Ůʣղʳȥʵͬ¡
ͬ˵Ӹڰ칫ҳȥİɣղҴſھʱ򣬿ǰ컧ڡ
̷ŮˣǲڸӪϱ˵쵽ˣһܡ
ΪʲôܣŮʡ
˵ڼ޷Ӹǲ̫˷ˣҲ̫ԸųŸڼҵǸˡ˵ѹҶ˵ڸӪϱshigG٤Ƣá
Ů˲Ϊ⣺Ҫǰ˵Ҽôô˷ѣҲǡ
ڼԵã̷Ůô˵ûΪƽ˼ô˵ǵҲǣˣǣ
£˵ģҽԺҩСɷתҵˣҲҪŻϼңҩȱˣûкʵġ
̷Ů˵˿϶Уǲ֪ʲôҪ󡣡
Ҳ֪ҩϰҪץҩֿɲУгѧҪϸ£ȻץҩҪ˵ġ˵ζ˶٣ɣˡ
ҲǾҽԺոֲʲôط࣬ЩУձҵСйϵĶ취˴ҽԺϵûôӲҲȥСطҽԺԱȱ
ҩгйҪҲܾô
ֻڳοҪеÿɣ̷Ůȴѣɩгѧ治ࡣⲻľɩһйȱͱˣĿǰûľɩѧܴﵽҪָ
̷Ů¶ɫʣôôûľɩѵһѧĶ
ѧߵĵУˡ̷Ů˵ţҪϵݸΡ
νӹϣһüͷʣûˣ
̷ŮҡͷûˣҪֻҪʶֵĻ⻹мѡ
ѧζӵˣĿЩѡüëøԥҪҪѧУ绰ӽıҵаŸ
ţұ߰칫ŵ˵Ҳиˡ
˭̷Ůæͬ¡
ͬ˵ڸӪϱӦҲҪҹɡ
̷Ůü֪ʲôѧأ
֪ʲôѧ򵥣ȥһʾ֪ˣڱﶼС
̷Ů˻ЩԥȴѾ˾˵ȥ䣬˾ȥˡ
һߣ̷Ů˾͸ͬ˵ղڸӪϱʲô
ͬ±ð첻ãԱЩɻʣҪѧûʵѡҾ뵽ʲô𣿡
ûУ̡̫
ǸɩŹй̶̵ģͨǾɩǼǣǰʵѡϵݸйλйλúʣͰԹְֱ
ΪֻظضûӪйλϡȱЩɩǼǰһ궼ûҵǵϵʱ򣬻ѡЩʱ䳤ȴûйľɩ
ϱڶûڰϵȥͲʡ
Ϊ˶λ٣΢õĹһο⻹ҽԺҩְȻôذŸ˸ľɩ
̷Ů̲ס̾˿ֻϣﲻҪɣ
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12 
ƷӦվطʮƽ水պƷͷ˼̯̯λ֮·Ĺ
ֻǹޱʱЩƷӴжûãֵ߷ڣӦվЩӵ
ޱվſڿ˻ᣬ뻹ûȥ˼ȥ˸ڹ硣
ȹӦվɴˣ㣬ÿ˵аƽ̨ǽڰڷţмǿĹ
٣濴žЩ塣
ޱһ̨һ̨ȥŻҪĶ
ҪĿ϶νףұ˽裬˵ȥҲپǱЩܵ׼ˣ٣һýпͲˣ׼㡣
ҲҪǼô´ϴ裬´Сװˮޣϴǳ㡣
лƿëϴ·۵鶫ҲҪ½
¥¥¹꣬ޱӵˮĹ̨ǰ
Ϲˮϼҹɶˣһɨȥ˵ʮ߰ˮеġ
ޱ㽶֦ûܲ³ҬâͲܣʣ¼ͲôʶˣʹۻԱ֪ԭͨɫϻг̵ĽкëɫӽлƤͷƤ״͹Ľвۡ
ۻԱ֪¾ɩմ½ϣ˵ëڸк֦࣬ҪǳԵù֦ȥпֱӳԻеɬˮ֮Ը𡣡
˵ſֵŻƤâ˵â׹ȥȳһСڣȷûٳԣ͸˵âŻǺġڻƤҪǰģԵ˻ϲԵ˻ⲻסζ
ޱʣأζ᲻ֵֹģ
ۻԱЦģûôûԹһ ϶ҲòϰߣζģҪ㳢
ޱЩĶʣЩҪƱ𣿡
ˮҪʲôƱ϶ǣۻԱҲǾɩ˵̲ס̾Ҫ˵ʲôãˮܹһģǰǻᣬܳϰƻ͸˵òУҶϡó⣬ͼϼûеĳԡ
⵹ǣǰҲŵϵˮޱͷͣʣܲһˮһ㣬ǳʡ
ۻԱʹӦַھӣʲôеģÿҪ㣬ѡ򣿡
㽶ȲҪɣǰڼԹ֦㣬âһȻȥܲܳԡ
û⡣ۻԱ˸Сâƣޱ۸âݸЦҿ⺢Ӷâˡ
û档ޱЦЦָ˵ȥٳԣڲܶ
߸˵áâݸ˵âƤźţ㡣
âƤζͷ˵ǺҲ㡣
âŵʱޱۻԱֳ˵ëҬӣڻƤҲһ֦˵ôɣǳζϲ˵۾ˣҲʡ鷳
۸ͷֶ࣬Թͨǰװ󲻺÷̫ãûˮ֣ġ
ͨзǰʱ˶࣬ܿȥ
ۻԱûȰޱֻЦ˵»հĲ۹ʡ
ޱлۻԱл˵һȥЩˮ
˵ֵ˵𣬳صںƷӦվ
Ӧվȥ٣Ȼ˿ͻУѾûôӵޱź߽ȥ
ȥǰâͣȿ̯ЩϺзͶʱܳԵâûȤżâޱװˮĲ˻תͷܵܡꡱ
ֵĬеģ˵˸Ķ
ޱɨֵС΢΢𣬵û˵ʲôֻЦʹԱЩʶôģԼôġ
̯ŵĴһޱ⻰shigG٤ЦˣǸմ½İɣ
ͷ˾ŲôˣԷޱ׸ϡ棬ֱ˵Ǵ½ġޱʱˣĿģ
˵㶼˰ͻˣһǴûõģڵ϶סʱ֪ˡ
ޱȻ򣬸ſھ¶ˡ
Ȼ˸ЦԭޱҲˣСУ۸Ҳİ㣬ôæһơ
ʱޱ˳㿴Ա߼̯λĺʣͦ࣬ʶ˵ϤҲзϺ
ʯҲϺзȻͷȺϺзС٣ϾһڣۿŲ̫࣬ޱϳ
˵ʵޱֻͦзȥģЩ򺣬˵ζ
ֻźƱֻһ뺣ʣһܳʡзһȥǿǣ
ǹʱɣȻͷԣ˵
㣬ޱȥ˲гУС齪ƹҲ˵㣬ŹԵģʹӴظˡ
ȥʱ·˶ЩüԺﶼˣȻޱģŴͬΪɩ֮Ͷ˼׽ޱֵܡ
˫̥ټοģ˫̥˶ѡ
ˣޱһ·кľɩ࣬Ȼž̲סֵľɩҲ٣˾Ϳʼ
ޱкģЩƣôˣ
±ޱЦѸղŷ¸˵ˡ
ǺЩɩ˵ʵҿʱҲǵ
⻰ֹҲ۾סЦǰģ̲
˵ֵԴϸ޶һѣ𾪵иޱ˵£ˣղųˡ
ޱʣĸΣ
˵ķΰϽʦεϱ֮ǰǸΣҽԺͱҽԺΣЩû
ȻϵǰҲޱ˵ҪǺϵõսѣԼܱߵھӡ
ʦϱ˭ʲôû˵
ҲҪޱɻǣҸʲô
û˵˵ˣȥҪ¸˵˵ѹǲ˰ɣ
ޱ⻰ʵĪҶʶô
컹ʶأǰ˵ˣû⻰˵ڣֻҿαͦģҪ㻹ȸԼûеﲻʶˣ
ޱˣ˽Щɩǹ硢ƷӦվ;ðĹԱû˭ϳε˵ҽûΣ֪μҴȥһɡ
ָ·˻ѣʦϱ˿㣬ܡ
Ȼ֪ǺģޱЩЦã˵治̣ûһըĳ̶ȡ
͵ĻҲûͳֻ̾˿˵֪ˡ
ۡ
л˵


13 ̸
Ϊ˵ҪҺޱûൢ飬Ѷ¾ʹֳˡ
μҲٺޱҿ˵һͷһβ·ȥҲҪ߰˷ӣðࡣ
μ߿ɲǾð츽ݣٺĶǶǰ԰߰˼֡
ס߿ɲףмҪӵǸü
ޱһ·;߷ӵȷǱߺúֻܶ࣬ҲΪ߷곾̣ͦ¡
ȻޱҲû̫Ľһ֪ĽڵķͦģǼҾĿˣڵķӹסˡ
˺ͷϷӣ½ݺͶͬС죬ֻӴС·ûʶޱһ·ŷӹġ
ʮޱͣסŲתͷ񱴿ǵֵ˵Ҫ̸ᣬ֪𣿡
æվֱ壬ֲص˵֪ˣ
ɳ̲ģ·ʱʱܿðıǻݣĺǶЩȤʱֵ߱߼񣬶̶̼ӣϾ͸һСǡ
迴Ϊǰÿμȥ趼߶ϴ֣Ǳ֣
ĶҲæֲص
ǸڶСޱЩЦ뻹ʲôû˵ֻظ棬Զȥˮ֪𣿡
ͷԹ˵֪ÆŶ
ޱúֺЦĴ㲻˵֪ˣǵðҿø磬һ뿪鷶Χͺң𣿡ⷽ棬ܵܿɱȸɿˡ
ͦˣ֤񣡡
źӺޱת߽μҵԺӡ
Ժӷֳ룬һ뿪Щˣһ˵ﻹ˼ӣŹമ֯ϸĶǱдŻ١
Ժӵһ˲ٻ಻һĻҲɫΪԺɫ١
ޱû̫ȥվڽŵλúڼ𣿡
ûӣˡ
˵ޱھðģʱû˵ֻ˸ͷͲˡ
ܲΪûкɣ
ޱͷһ˲ЩЦãôҲܾԼ˸ˣ
ޱҡҡͷӭȥʣǳķһؼھ˵ң
ȻҲǵޱûֱӵͷ˵㣬ɡޱۣû
ˣſ棬ǹɡ
Ϊ֪ƢôԼǺ»ǻ£ޱŻš
ˣޱ;òܳǺ»ǻ£ƢӦǲģټҲᵽӣתкֵˡ
ޱߺͰѱڴһ׼ͽɳֻûɳĺֻÿ֣ŵ߽ܵԺӡ
ֵһԺӣޱͿǹĹĵĿڴΧɳ
ûˣ϶Ҫ߶Ǽ䣬ξһ߿ţޱֻĿӣȻǺ̡
ֵະˣ¶ЦݣűϲˡȻûЦúãʱ۾ģĳ˼Ҳ
ϲԾ¶Цº͵˵ɹɡӺȲˮ
ͷˮǺöޱﵹǲȱǣﻧйӦܵϣӺˮǳֵҲȵ١
˵ˮȣֵshigG٤üЦлл̣
ξȥֵ˱ˮޱʲôˮ⻹вҶͿȡ
ޱôȲ裬ʧߣڿȻûȹҲ֪ͦ鷳Һǿģ÷ǣ˵һˮͺá
Ӧȥ׿һޱһԼź˿ڡ
󣬳ڵ˵ɳ£ʣоô
ޱҲ豭˿ڣ΢Ц˵ͦõģطãҲá
δȤʶ˸ͬ־˺ã
ޱû뵽λ֪£Ƭ˵ǧǧ棬ԸãԸôõˣٴ쵽죬ԸƵľӶࡣ
⻰ǡεͷʾͬҪ˵£ĿɨӣѾˮˣʣȲˮ
ֵ˵Ҫˣ̧ͷޱϣ
ֻϧޱĻشʧҡͷ˵ãȻ˵ǳƽʱǳ̫ġ
ԼҲӣȻںѾܴˣҪעЦ˵Сǵע㣬Ҹǵˮɡ
˵꣬һ˵˱ˮ
Ȼ׿ûʲôζûϴıӵ»Щˮ࣬οˮҲ̵ġ
ֵղžͺȱˣŲ豭̫ȵȥֻһûһڵţԴתǰһˡ
ޱ˵˵ȥԺɡ
仰ֵɴ⣬²豭ˣޱ̲סԺӣԶ֪𣿡
תͷЩ˼˵Цˡ
ΪˣκޱӲڸǰʱ򷳣̲סġ
ǰޱһʣˣҹʲôھӵ˼˵ͦġ
ģҽԺҩСҪϼˣû˽ӣðǱûкʵѡη²豭ޱʣ˵Ǹбҵ
˳ε˼ޱҲʵ˵ибҵ֤ʵѧУ˲¾ͣˣСѧиΣҲû¿ѧ
ǻᣬѧУӸһͳͳ˱ҵ֤ȻͰˡ
ޱõ֤ûȥĵطӣǴӵ˸ǷԱֱŵĹ޷ĳΪһֿԱ
ݹޱһֱɵǰ
ЩޱдѾ˽⣬ûϣޱʣֿԱݹԼɵô
ޱŵ˵Ϊò޷ĳڼ䣬û̴һλûжһ
ô˵ΪԼºϸ£ü
ޱ϶ͷǵġ
λһתʣΪԼʤҽԺҩʦݹ𣿡
ȻѾ׼ȷʱޱЩ㶣˵ûϹУҲûع顣
ûϵְһᰲ˴㣬Ҫľ棬ѧϰʱҪ棬ԼֺҪ棬𣿡οޱʡ
ޱЩԥ
ȻϣһݹȻǼڻûʲôѹ˫ְܱһҺá
ŸϵҪ¿ɲ٣οﻹӡô£ܵø˵һ
ޱɣ˵ʲôǾ˵
ޱԣƵİԼ뷨˵ˡ
ǵʰʰɣҸʱ䣬˽¶ȥϰࡣ
ںӣ԰ǴҽԺȥֻҪӰ칤Уҩϰʱ̶ϢһСʱʳùӦͣӦòչǳԷ
㲻üŸҴ𸴣ϻȥӰҴ𸴾С
ޱĹڳοȫ⣬ͽˣ˻ʣ㻹ʲô𣿡
ޱæҡͷûˣ𣿡
ЦҲûˣȥúɣҼҾС
ɣҾȻȥˣޱ˵
·Сġ
ΰУת˲Ͱˣڳȥޱеز
Ȼûаֲ⣬Ͼýָͷ뵽ҽԺҩĹ϶֣䵽ڶûСɩͷϣߴˣ
л˵
ղ~


14 Ҭ֭
ߴ˵ޱܲȥõҬӸˣһ˵˰Ҭ֭ҬӵײʣµģҲųζ
˵ʵҬ֭ѺȣŻͦ㡣
Ҫ˵жúȣޱҲãΪ𣬳ζЩˡ
ӶͦϲȻԸԯޣڳʳ˿ζࡣҬ֭껹Ӳ۰Ͱ͵ضûҬӡ
ޱоҬôԣõ˵㣬ҲζŨζ껹һĭֱӰҬ־ÿϧϾǻǮġ
ûоãޱͿֵ񣬸æûҬǸǰְġ
Ȼפ꣬һϡҬ֭һоͶУûоͶûС
ðɡ̾һͽĿתԱߵâܳ𣿡
ޱâҪΪȷ˹ԺʲôˮʲôˮͶˡ
ֻǣȻۻԱ˵ʣޱЩУ;ܻٳԡ˹Ҳܼʱ
һΣޱĴȻǣâֻһȰְֻٳԡ
âѾܾˣԱ¶ʧ̲סʣǰְʲôʱѽ
ϰɡ
һǺðɡ
Ȼܳâǿȳ֦ޱ˵ţӴ֦ݸǣ֪ô𣿡
½ĺӶԣ֦ҲϡʵĹûУ֦ͷڵǻ䡣
ڳԵķ棬ʦͨģޱ˵Ͱ֦ˣ¶澧Ө͸Ĺ⣬֭ˮ˳ſϣ̲סչȥһڡ
𣡡
ûԵ⣬СһѾһ㣬̲סҲ֦ǣҧ۵Ĺ⡣
һ룬ɴ۾סͷóԣʣµĹȫ̽ȥ
ӳԵøˣޱҲҬӿǶһߣó֦˳
Ҫ˵ζǰԹ֦ͷʵ࣬Ͼ֦Ҳʣ֣óԡ
֦ĸֱַ˺ëͻƤ
ëϡ棬֦ͦҲͦóԵġڻƤޱͲ̫ϲˣⲻסֵǺϲ
ЩˮޱǷˣڳԵķ棬ӷ߲ܰ
¹ĻûɶζģǶϲ
ϲҲܺ޽ƵسԣڳζޱͰˮ˶
ֵû˳ԵģǸʶС飬˵ȥСʯͷˡ
ޱڼѷɨ˾shigG٤һ飬ʰʰˣгһҪõƷ嵥׼½롣
Щ£ʱ򲻾ûʱ䣬ɨ̫Ѿˣޱʱ࣬з
ﶫģйв˵ܼҽνҲʣ˴롣
ޱŽĲˣ˿˸ƹϣȻİˡ㲻ţױζ˷ܷŵϡ
ޱûǵܻŶ㣬ûҪС
һͿʣһ㣬ʣ㣿
ޱ˵Ϲ亣ƷӦվģ˽ĺƱ
Ա˵ְ֣ررóŶǰԹ㶼һ˵̲ס̿ˮҲԡ
˵ˣʣµְֵģࡣ
ˣȻܲסûӣֻ۾ס˰ְֵеŲ
۾ְ⡣ôЮˣ
ͿֹУԼ͵ܵҲУְ˵һԡ
ޱɵĴӣЦ˵԰ɣҪꡣ
ϲʣǶԳ𣿡
Ȼޱ˵
ԿѰְЮͣ󼸿˵óԣ裬ҲԳ𣿡
ԡ
ޱ̧ۿܣѹ˵ǻڻû
û£ҽȥתʳϵƱƱƱûˡ˵ŴӿڴͳһƱݸޱ
ޱӹƱ¿ӿ
еȻƱ࣬Ǿϸ֮ģҲд棬ࡣ
ȻƱ⼦Ѽ⣬࣬һ룬Ѽٵ㣬ҲһкƷƱΪݵٺںƷϹӦԿɵ㣬ÿÿﺣƷ
ޱЩƱʣѻȫ۳Ʊûˣ
ûȫû
Ҳ˴ޱûôúŪ²Źһ룬㶼ûӪʲô
ûأֻʣҰƱûˣÿһٻģ
ǿ϶ܹ㺣㲻ţ˿϶ҲҪһ룬ֻǡ
ܷʣȻٲҵģڼҳԺӪʲô𣿡ޱƱպóԷٲӣ˶Ҫˡ
ޱֻðƱ˵
˵ϱƱˣҲס
ޱͷ֪ұʹ㻧ͰƱǡ
ᵽڣʣ컧ڰô
ͦõģ˵ˣҰϽȥûĻڹޱ˵ǸҰ컧ڵĹԱҲǾɩ
²ϡ棬ΧĹȰþɩʵڸɲ˻ûԸɣŻй
Ŷʣɷĸ
û˵Ҳûޱҡͷ£ˣ컹м¡
ʲô£
ҡ
ޱ׼ڣӷݺ洫ĽлţǵĺӻؼҳԷе졣
ţޱͿԺǽ߳ˣǸ컧ڵͬ־
ΪûҵˣЩ꣬ü߶Сȥˣ̧㲻б±ؼҳԷҵʱ㲻
תҪȥֻǽŻû̧ͿԺԷޱŭתЦݣͬ־סﰡ
ޱЦӦʣҺӣ
ǰСһѧͲ֪ȥˣȥԷҲ֪֨ɰģ˵ſǰŬǷֵ̲סпҺӹԣ
ͳԷʱԡޱЦЦҪҪҺӡ
һ˵ù湻˾֪ˡ˵ߴޱ¸ǵĳ»Ŵ޲ǽ˵˵ⷿŪ治Ǽǲ
š
ų￪᲻ζ
Ҳʲôܣټ̬ͦޱֱ˵ˡ˭ȴһשĶײޣǵòǮɣ
ǲˡ
ұҪǷĻҲڼ޸ڡҡͷ᲻ûǮ
ΪԼ᲻ûǮѷŪøãͼñ˻Ǯܵ˼ָֻš
ֻǵͷ˵ŪҲͦãס̹Щˣ𣿡
ޱһ㶣֪Ҫң
ǿɲ˵Ҳɣǰŵϣκžϸȥˣ˵ҩȱҪйҪͦߣڼ¼ڲҪҹľɩûʵģˣȻҾͰϸˡ
ޱգգ̸ۣôȷû
ˡ
ɾͳɲɾͲɣʲôвడ˵Щƣ԰ҿζͦİϾ˵Ҫ̸˵ɶˣôûɣ
ޱмܲסľˣΪżͰ˵ˡ
˵ãһ˵̲סˣɵǿҽԺҩĹϰ೯绹Ϣ紵ܲţҽԺʳû緹ľɩζβĹ䵽ͷϣ㲻ֱӴӦôģ
ʵޱ뷨ܼ򵥣Ȼ˵Դȥϰ࣬ҩǰտռ䣬ǳˣһܴסأ
Ȼӳȥ棬Ҫϰ࣬϶뿪ҩûţܳҽԺֻײʲôˣһ֪
ҺӲߣģƫƫҩʦܷĵĹòؿǹ¡
˵˵ҲеݹѵãҾ㻹Ǻúɣô취ܱѶࡣ
ޱͷţһúġ
ɫ֣أ̲סЦˣҾ̲ס˵䣬ʱˣҵҺӻȥԷˡ˵곶ɤӣߺֱȥ
ߺޱҲת˷ǰ
⣬һתĻиˣ˲棬ںڼҸ·Լҳ
л˵
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15 
ǽǵǸǽ˲˵ģȥʱ˴ư
ǿҽԺҩĹϰ೯绹Ϣ紵ܲţҽԺʳû緹
ʱһ飬ȥ
ԽԽԽԽʡ
һ࣬ڻڼҴӣΪ빤ǾðǱһֱ˵û
ô˵Ҳȫ׼ȷʵϹеģʲôøλȥιȥʹӦվɱ㡣
˵ЩȻ࣬ʿɹۣڻиţȸϼǻǿˡ
ⲻϼңİ
˻Ǹų
Ͼʹˣվ硢Ӫ껹оðϰĺЩɩ˼𻹲ء
ԶĲ˵ֵ¾иӪϱھСѧʦиӪϱ󱻰ŵдϰ࣬Ǻù
Ҫȥ˺shigG٤ʹӦվʱǵʦĵʦԱĵԱųϱȥɱ㣬ĸ飿
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ܼܸߣܸƹˣǸӪƾʲô

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뵽¾ģ죬һҪϾð죬ǸĽͣ
£û꣡

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ԺӾôղŸĶԻܶˣûظԼĹǣֻ˵ǰԼĴ
Щģ˲˵Ǽҳ㷹ҲǼϡ¡
ҽԺܹˣΪ̽սѡҩʲôʵޱܣ˵
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ǰǹޱŻԥ
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ޱӣҪǵġ
ܳ˵ûϰľɩ̸һ¶Ǯǰæտͺá
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⻹רտţܱЩû˹ܵĺǿܼ˵϶Ӱôһ֪ˣҩϢҲԻӣҽԺǼԺԶ·Ҳʮӣʱгظ㡣
˵гˣִӿڴһƱϢȥسǰѵ
ޱϵƱʣ˽赽Ʊ
ͷĸͥҪͨ취չҵȯ
ΪҵȯǰʷŵģʮǮܷһȯȻֵȽСͨ0.1ݣֻͷԡЩСʸߵĻһܣĶҲͶˡ
ȻгĴǵȫҴգ˵׼ѽ㣬Ϊҵȯʹڣϣܾ˾һŰֽ
赽ҵȯ˴Ȼ˹ҵȯͨ˵Ӷô
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Ʊǵطģֻ˽˻Ʊô֪ҪƱݵˣһҪӵеƱ
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ޱǰѼﶫˣ˲ǮʵϺЩۼ򣬼۸õʱܱȡ
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תһ룬ܴӾУҵ̶̼˸ӪλãȻΪǿ̿϶˵׼˵ҳ극ȥһˣϴ
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극ޱȥ˳μҡ
ʦҲڼңԷһװߴ࣬ޱ㲻ҿҲͿ࣬˵ͦº͵ģޱϱ˵ܿˡ
ʦߺޱͰԼľ˵ˣ˵ұģһ룬컹鷳һˣˡ
ºͣһھ˵ˣһϰ˵㣬㵽ҽԺ
ޱͷ˵ɣôˡ
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˵ڣ㡣
ҡܵ˵Ҫģ
ͦţȻû˵һоڲС
ޱЦӵԴ˵ǶǺúӡ
գ۾˺һᣬûȵĻ̲סʣ費ְǰְִǹŶ
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ֻʣһˡ
л˵


16 ״
ΪǸ£Լղ̫á
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ԹʹˣԺſʯͷϣڵĴ󺣳̡
һû꣬Ϳӳˣȥ˵źɢԷ̲ס̧ۿ졣
ڵϹģɢƨĲ
Ǽ̰ɡ
ڶûֿܴ꣬źӻˣһĻиˣһ黨ȹһ󴵹ȹڱŷȸԾ
Է̶鲻ȥˣ˵ôźǱȥˣΪϱ
ţԷʣڳ̰
ԷǺ˵û³ôǱ߹
ޱޱ£Ҵźӹȥ˵
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Ϊǵϵ׽˶ޱĳƺǵһޱ֣ǵźޱޱôʲô
˫Է庰ޱͱһ¡
תһ룬˼ǷޣôȻ˵㣬Ҳ˵Ƿ޹ϵãټˡ
ǣȻصԼޱ˵û뵽Ըų͸ͬ־ͦ
Ŀģ
ޱߵǰ´ɱ˵ղûԸųԸͬ־ĳƺ𣿡
ŶҲôġ
ޱȿȿȣ

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ԷһũܸɵųȻɵܿӵķܣ˵˵Ҳûʲô˼߱Ӿ׼˯
û˯ӾȵòУĬĬѱӳȥ
Ϊﲻʹ죬Էһû˯ãڶʱ۵׶ġ
Ҳ࣬ûɵģܿƣԷ忴ſžˣ˵ǡ
ʲô̧ͷһۣüͷ΢壬ôţ
Է嵽ߵ͵Ļȫ˻ȥɫε˵Ͼͳˡ
ɫŶתȥ𴲡
ȸѼͳţٰѷʰˣϴɾòĶˣȥӣߵʮϽΧȹʰʰ׼š
ǰԺţߵԼҺڼмխ·һŤͷͿޱԺΧŷ緹
֪˵ʲôޱüЦֱ̧ۿЦݶûȥ
Nɪ
ƲͷӿŲǰȥ
ޱ·߰˷Ӳܵð죬·ͱƽʱЩӾ͵طˡ
߽ðĴţֱҹڶ칫ȥȥʣʲô˼
칫תͷվ칫ǰĵŮȿڣôǣǾðˣ
ʱŭ壬һ˵˭ˣͷ˵û˼
û˼ʲô˼ɫͣ͸˵ظô࣬ȰŸ㣬ǶǿԷ嵱ķϡ㵹ãǸ㻹Ͷһ඼Բˣ
е֥̲ͨסˣΣ˵ҪƾģʲôǸҲȥǰŵЩΪʱϲʣʲôÿ첻͵ȥϰ࣬ӦվҲǣæҼӰæָϣ緹ͺѧЩȫ䵽ͷˣҪȥǰŵĵطϰ࣬ô죿ô죿
ȥЩطϰ࣬ȻֻΪʱԲϣҪԭЩ̫ˣϡ
ɲɵ֪Ҫ˵ϣð˿϶Ҫ˵ŪûҪ˸˼빤ͳ
ʵ뷨ðЩ˶˭Ҳû취𴩸Ϊȷӡ
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ί˵ͱˣһʱֲûɩǰŹСѧĻʦվͬ־˳ͬ־
ǣǸ˵Щͬ־ŹҪ֪Ǵʱ磬ǾðǼҹʱҲҡᣬƽȣܲܵһ˲ӰɣڻʦȻѧߣʱѧУȱʦԴˣʦĹžԷ̣װɣ
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˭һŶӪӪϱ£ǲ֪ڸӪɱϱˣΪ˽˴¼أ
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ԼڶŮ·ϣתͷǣŵС߽˹磡
2.Խơ
ɷ⵱ҹϵ룬ǮȴƫС壬пסңǽ
ǰݰͰ͵Сܲͷ뵽ʱųɷùϴǧѰ


17 
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Ҳʲô, ֻ˵⻰, ֪Ϸ, ϶ѳЦ˵, Ҿˡ
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θⲻʵķϻû
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θûס˸ۣǰȻ̫淶, Ҫ˵治ڡ
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Ψһʵĵط, ޱڻû͸
ޱ붼ˣͷȥĻڣҲҪԵϱȽ϶࣬ĻҲ
֮ǳǱҪụ̈⹤ǻᰲŸޱϾʣµûľɩУҽԺҩйľޱһ
ʵϣǸϢͻ𼱻ǵ״Σޱǰ칫ҲǼ̣ҲͲˡ
ֿˣζҲǼ²Ͻܹ鲻󣬾͸Σ
ٿǵģθЦ˵ͬ־֪ܲҩʦ⹤ҽԺǱӲҪѧ
ϸһޱҽԺҩĺùòУӶǽҪҾðҪ˵ûǹҩҪɫɽ
תһ룬ǹӪۻԱԱʱ򣬻˵Ҫѧأ浽˵ʱżǽ͵ֻС
ҲûЩλпȱĺʱټϾðЩȫǹۿ˵͵ĻɫũģͳЩĹ
뵽˵Ǹҩҩģд㣬ֲˣľͷǵҪбҵ
θھð˺ü꣬ػؼ˶ˣܿ˼±Ц˵ʱҲô˵ϴ󲻸ˣ˵ҩץˣŪҪ˵ģ£бҵѾǷŵҪĽٽˣ
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ƨ
ǶŹģڸѧ˭ֲܸˣ
ȻܣҪˣ
߹󣬸£齥
е˰ûСҪǶûУﷴ̹ˡ
еͣȷԼȥҽԺϰ;ã⹤Ÿ˭ֻҪ䵽ޱͷϣ̹ˡ

ΪҽԺҿܴڼһֱڣԲõְƶȡڲͬһû£ϰʱԹ̶
ͷϰ඼ܻûʲô˲ȵϰ࣬ߵʮ칫ˡ
ķ㣬ߵʮ嵽İ칫ҡ
칫ҺȸԼ˱ˮůˮЧˮڻ̵ģ벻졣
˳ķ´ɱ˺һᣬҲûˮ²豭ߵ칫ǰóûϼš
ûһᣬķ£绰ѹµĿ¸½й˵ҩһְ¡
ǾҽԺй涨ģҽǽҪλԱͷġȻɩشҵԱģҲͨðƼ˺ҽԺ
ڹԱȰþɩɩûкʵѡǲŻй
ֻǾðǱ߰ٶ߯ܲйҪиԱҪѧдử뷨ǱƼ˾ͿСѧѧдֻһġҹȥǻ˵Աͳ汨ʶдܻˣ
ȻǾ͵øðǱĥ˵ﲻУûˡ⣬ſеȥˡ
ȥľð죬տ¸¹ƣµײְ
һ칦ѡȷˣ
¸ϵľڶڲסôôʹ죿
ķһ˿ЦݣǸտʼҲ˵ûʵˣС˵©ˣ˵¾ɩְҾȥ¾ɩϣ涼ʣȥ̸̸鶨ˡ
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ķ˵ţ´ɱ˿׿ϡ
һǰСʱֱ˹ţ˵ð˲̧ͷüſڰ˵ɡ
Ӧã˳ȥûӣ֥ˡ
ķֻ֥ؽƳݵʶʮ꣬ϵһֱ㲻Ϻá
ķ֥̫װ֥óķ̫ç֮ͻ࿴ϡ
˶ʮˣ粻Ǹղμӹͷ࣬¹˽¹ϵΣǺͺġ
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װ
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֥¶ĿķɫҲ´ɱ˵һ䣬йô淶ˣ
ͷй涨λйȱǾð죬žɩ
ұǾð˰ССΣûȥǱй¡
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ķ¶죺ޱͬ־Ǿð찲ŵȥǣСⰲˣ˵ʱûзľɩСξͬ־Ҿʣȥͬ־̸£ʲô𣿡
겻֥ش𣬳ķ;˵ǣֱ֪ȥͬ־̸¼˵㣬ΣңСϾҪְϼˣҩϲãСְˣȴûְʱ˭ץҩûץҩҽҩô죿òҩô죿ɶ°
ķ֥ⷬҪ˵Ķ˴ȥǵλЩСᣬô򵥾ͻˣֻЦ˵ΣҵȻУҲң治Уͬ־ŸڶûعͶˣϢȥЩûľɩô룿⹤ôȥ
֥һʾķ;shigG٤֪²ðˡ
֥ӲյʱܸգҲǾðڲ£ռ
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ķв֥˫ۡ
ЩӪȻҲоɩ浽йʱ򣬻ǱȣײǲӰ쳧ûô㡣
ظЩλǲӳʰģһΪ˾ܸҲϣṩ๤λˣЩλȱʱɾð찲žɩְ
ڣķƹǣϵظ߰Ӧְ
ϻ˵úãһжжΪðĸˣ֥֪Ӳܿ
뵽֥ЦҩҩʦĹְҴ˽⣬ǰҽҩ׼ȷشӹóӦҩｻ˶԰ɣ
⹤򵥣ףԾ۾ҩˣҪѧ»ҪСϸ¡
ף£϶ܳǵҸϸĵˣҪѧΪûҪǴԺЩɩкܶѧȻߣ˻Ǻܺѧģдһ㶼Щ
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ΰҲϸǻᰡķҲп࣬ղҲ˵ˣҩ£ҪŵҪи˽ʱץҩ˳Իô죿˭Σ𣿡
иܱ֤һ᷸
ԳѧҪǻҪнϸİͬ־ҿˣǰϼ޷ĳֹܣ࣬ûӡķζ˵СĹֹҷģԺ쵼ġ
֥˳ķ˼ҪԼһޱõѡ̸
˵ʵҪǳķŴ죬֥治ϡôԼˣô죡
˵Ѿñֻҧ˵Ҫѧϸģﻹиѡ
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ķ¶ȣû뵽֥ȻѹŸơ
Ҫ֪Ƹĸ·ˣͥɷֿɲôáˣѧôҲ߰껹ûš
ѹأ
ڣ֥ɰѹɷֲõĵƣҲԸݹ䵽ޱͷϣܰ
ķţԥ˵⡭̫ʰɣƵĳɷֿɲôá
ʲôʵģƸĸ·ˣܽǾ֯׼ģ֯ϿǺαؾЩ֥˵ùûʣ˵⼸Ҳֵ֣ͦûʲôõ򣬶ͬ־ܵøĹĻᣬ˵ǲǣ
ķ֥˵Σ治ҲϷˣʵǣͬ־һ¾ɩڶûͶ²Ϲءʵ˵ɣβҹޱͬ־оɩ˵£Ҹ״ˡ
ķһ˭״ˣ
ޱ˵ˣ˭Ҳܸ㡣֥뻤Ÿ⡣
ǰŸ״žͰ˸ˣȥɩôԾ״ǸûסҲܴ
֥̬ȣ˵ҪǲƽȥĸɩӰã㲻Ҳ鲻ˣԺǵĹôչǰڸɹɩǽӴ࣬ӦǵѴǣ
ķûشֻ̾һֵģʲô¶

֥ϳķʱޱźӹ乩硣
âˣӷ˵㣬ԼҲų˼ڣΪ¹ʣµĶܶӣǰͳԹ
Ϊ˯ӣһĿһ˯ġ
һϹȥƽ˾ֵâͳһСڣû
ǽ˵ʱޱֵ˹磬ζ˼âÿһޱ˵㽶ͺë֦ˣˮ̫ܳ࣬ëζ࣬һ͹ˡ
깩磬ȥ˺ƷӦվû㣬ޱ˵򺣬Ȼȥڲг˼ͷ⡣
ö㣬Ѽʰɾޱſÿء
߲ͦḻ಻Ʊ۸Ҳʵݣޱ̫ˣŪҲ鷳²˿ֵ㣬˲ôܣһһոС
궫ޱߡ
ܼſʱСʯͷһ˶ڵʯӣ͹˸ȥһ档ûֻ̧ͷޱȻҲһȥ档
ޱȻֹʵϣҲϣϵʶµѡ
ȥɡޱ߹ȥӿڴץһѺë˼㽶ָǡ
߸˵ؽˣСʯͷЩԥֱͷͬ³Եġ
꺢Ӻޱ˵ˮơ
ƱգޱЦ˵ǼҸסʲôûУҪǽν׸ǣ𶼿ˣ˵Ϻ㡣ҪǲգԺҿɲˣռˡ
ðɡΣˮʣ㻧ôˣ
ޱЦ˵ðǱ˵ĻȥʣȻڰҾȥƱ
ҲǲˡЦ˵
ǰޱͷĿɨ׵ץʯӵʱͻȻס
ʱʵû뵽˭æӣϾЩɩϤ˵ԸҲ֪ԷԸԸ⣬ҲӲӦ
ͻȻ˸ͷСʯͷúãưæӣӦúýһ㡣
ޱûƳţӦûйġȻҪǣദޱõ˻ѺӽԼҲܷĵ㡣
ʶʱϾֱ̣Ӹ˵ҴӰɣҸǮͰѵߵĻ˻ȥϻ
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¸˵
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ޱķ࣬һ˲뵽Ǿҹζࡣ
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ķûޱ˵ð˵˵£浽ڻûϲ˵ùȥԡ
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ķû˵ô˵״˵׿ڳϵģ
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ķʣ˵ȥ죬Ȼȥθ״
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ķ̾˿֣֮
ޱ䣺˵ǽжôҪô˵
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ųķĽޱ･ůЦЦ˵֪ġ
ޱǶ쵰ûʲô⣬žЩݰͰ͵ģžͲԲϲ죬ôʱ˵
۾úãеһ۵˼Цʱ۾ģźϲʲôԲϲͲôҪˡ
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ķţȴͻȻޱе㲻̫ԣгʣôˣ
ޱع񣬶ųķʣΣ𣿡
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ʼ۲ܣȻµ׷˽ܻȥһ˹Ȼܵ죬Ҳ´Ϣʱȥʾּĳȥ
ֻûΪԼķָ˶ãͱܷˣΪ˵´Σϱ
ƱŵٸܣûģֻĬĬϲֱù֥Ϊý
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ɷǺʶˣΪĴڡȷһС˵
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ģӣҲġ
л˵
һ
ǰкŶ
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1.ôһΪļƷɩӡ
ԭ޲͹սѺӵ׸磬ΪвʣĥŮճɹ
ԼڶŮ·ϣתͷǣŵС߽˹磡
2.Խơ
ɷ⵱ҹϵ룬ǮȴƫС壬пסңǽ
ǰݰͰ͵Сܲͷ뵽ʱųɷùϴǧshigG٤Ѱ



18 ȥ
ķǰŴڼ뿪, ðºž͵ܼҡ
ʱںЬףӶںԺ棬ܿŵ㡣ֱ˺, ŷĻҴǰȥ
ȥ󿴵Ժվŵˣ˼ŷӦӭȥʣôˣ
ҰǸ͹ˡЦ˵
µ澪ˣʲô
, θ㰲ŵǺù, Ʊ, °, ⲻҽԺҩĺͬ־Ҫתҵ, Ǳ߼Ҫ, ʵǾð죬ξ뵽ˡ⹤ÿ, ϢҽԺܷ, 㿴, ǴŵҲĺùɣ
ƵȻֳܷ⹤̫ˣѰ, ˵ǺùǡôõĹôͻȻ䵽ͷϣ
Ҫô, ׼ʵö, ô, ʮ⡣
ܽ󣬵ƾͰڸ͵ðǼҹ
ʲô˰ͥҪܽԻǰ̸飬Ҳøסţȥ
ļͥµü޸˵ģɩҲǲһġ
ˣȻרѧд㣬ܱЩλ΢õĿȱֲ
ɱ㹤붼Ҫ룬ŵģɨ־ɨ˵ˣֻиĹ߽Ͷˡ
ȥɨµʹǹˣȺģֽںû˹ܣһֱûȥϰࡣ
ʱκܲΪ˼⣬Żᾭס顣
֪ܽºһ֮¸浽˲˵νɹɣ˳߲һס
˵ϱȻã˼Ͼû⣬Ҳ̤̤ʵʵɨɨҪĸȥ磬û˴ȿ͹صµģϲԸȥ
ò˵ɨõģܽΪǰ;Ҳסôñӡ
ƵĳʼհһأԲոʮ壬νУҲܽҪ£մɺͽ⡣
ͽ⵱ȻϵģԺξ͵͸ˣûŹ
ôõĹͷϣҲѹֵƲš
˵Ʋţ¸˵µʱҲˣһ˲䣬Ի·ķǶˡ
εöܰΪ˲ϱȥҽԺϰ࣬ȻѸ֮ܽĶԹˡ
ԣ֮ǰԼĿ꣬Ǿõƽݹ
ͬʱºõƽݹ̬ȽӲ߰컨׹ǲеġԽǾʵˣԽǻС컨׹ҪͻԽҽݹ
ǣ¿ʼң⹤ȷ䲻ͷϣҪߣҪѧۼʱûЩɩɶҲ֪ϹоͲˣ̸бҵԺ㣬ҲڶҪˡƫǸ˰ɣ㲻ã˵ԺҪûʵѡʹ绰ظߣǽˡ
˵˫һģһͼ˰˵һжһԽǲţ˳еظѧԺλѧǴԺЩɩԺҪҪˣⰡ
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Ҫ˵ģƻܻᵣ⣬ܾݹ°ѹԼϣ˵δӦƷԥˣǱߡ
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˵겻ƿʣͬ־㲻˵ǻʲô𣿡
Ϊ˵һ㣬Ҳ֪ҼСʯͷͻС֮ǰҲΪչԲڼġ
࣬Сˡô˵»ǸƳ⣺ҪǲһڼңھӣûԸӣЩйľɩôɡҪٲģѺӴλȥҲУǰᣬúӴ㹤
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촽˵ҡ
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µĻҪΪƲϵͷظѧ⹤תת䵽ޱͷϣԺͲָ֥Źˡ
Ȼ֪ޱ£뵽ǰߣ֪ΨһĻᡣ
ܣǾܾ
ԥᶨȥҽԺҩϰࡣ

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ݺޱûɥͷһɣǴ¹﷭ҳϼҴռǱ͸ֱʣһҳʼд
ҲǱģԭийص֡
С˵ޱȥûãܾΪû˴תҵʯǣһС͹Ӫ
ǿûʹӸ˳СӪҲ׳󣬳˺ʡҵͷ
ҲܵӴҲҰģţͷ쵼ȴƫأ̫ܵ۳ӣìԽԽ
ʮУѡӹӪȥдҵ
ҲŮ
ʵʱմӲӳҲ׼ҵ˻ԵɺʶΪͶʼϻ⡣
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Ů˵ˣҲȥС˵Ϸͦءҵȶ󣬰ҲӵУֵϷҲ١
ˣȻޱС˵ʽûУἰĴֻ಻١
кܶ඼ǾshigG٤ЧϢҵгɺýһһ硣ÿǱܾͻޱ̾벻ҡ
ޱҪģԭЩֻƬУƴճС˵ʱߡ
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ҲֻǸտʼʱдʱޱٶȽ˼òܶʡ
Ѿ벻µϸڣͣ˰Сʱ±ʣռǱͷȻȥ¼ʱߡ
ףΪг¼Уȥ¡Щޱߣһ۾ȷʱ䣬ʣµϷҲ߼
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Сһͷ絷⣺ţҲųһСڣְһ˳ô࣡˵ֻſ˸С
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ޱˣ㻹ַ֪˭ģһһ׵ġ
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1.ôһΪļƷɩӡ
ԭ޲͹սѺӵ׸磬ΪвʣĥŮճɹ
ԼڶŮ·ϣתͷǣŵС߽˹磡
2.Խơ
ɷ⵱ҹϵ룬ǮȴƫС壬пסңǽ
ǰݰͰ͵Сܲͷ뵽ʱųɷùϴǧѰ


19 ûϳ
չ, ޱͰѷˡ
ΪǲףŻеɣޱϴ˷Žȥ, ŷζ
ݵϵķǺȻޱϼҽ棬˵һϸƷ
ޱϼֵĶǰ棬Ҳ, , Ǻ滹ǰ, һг˰ƴ, ƫԲ, ɳɳ, ̫𣬺΢ŴһЩͬʱҲһ㡣
ݵϵķϸĶ, Ƥȿȿ͸ź, űȺŴ, Ҳ
ˣԶޱϲݵϵķ󷹵ʱ򶼻Žȥ
׷, ޱ̳Ȼ˸Ӽľˢˢɾӽ˿, ϴ
ϴɾ, ʱ, ޱ˸ӣ̴á
ϵ죬ޱѾ⿺ʵ師֭ǰ߱룬߶ѡһС
ƷۣζҲأǺ㻹Ϻз師׼û
ϣǺƷӦվĴޱġ
ޱľ򺣬ΪӲôܳûֱӽعͳζŵϣϹ
򺻹û죬ޱٰʣµĺݸˣ̻ƹϣˣ
ޱ߸æ꣬ʹְֵȻܾͽ˳ʲôҪæġ
ޱҲָú¯ϵķ˵򺣬˳ȥɡ
˵˵ôô㣬ԭ򺡣˵߽ҿ굸ӣ˸Ĩ˳
ޱ¶Цݣȴûҿڣ˵Ҳֻ㣬ҵһ ζô
óԡܺĵ˵˵淹ϡ
ζŨȥͲôŵõˣֵޱһˣְֳʹյ˷ǰһڣ㣡
ޱһֶĻƹϣһֶŰ躣ݳſŵԾԾֵС棬˵Էϴ֣
ֵƽʱжమɾǰϴ־Բޱ˵һ䣬˾ͷɿˮأšˮͷ󻹼ǵҪܵǰѷ˳
ҿ극ûϴ־׼³ԷܣֵҲ͸ŷӳ߳ޱ״裡ְֲϴְֲ֣
ܣ
㶣ޱ΢΢𣬰ŵϴȤ˵ϴȥôˣôӶ磿
ֻһʱˡһߵˮرšˮͷ
Ծ佱ͦţԶԶְû߹ȥָ˵Ҫ֣ٴ֣һĭŶ
ָתѹ͵ܵ˵ְֺñŶϴֶᡣ
ܣҿ˰
ݶӵָϴ֣ܻصǰͿޱһ˸򺣬ӵȴš
˭ޱȫûõ˼껹ʣ㲻ϲĲ𣿡ΪҲ¿ڵġ
ܣûС˸ŵޱǰȻԼҲ˸
ͷһھȥûֱȥڿо׽šĶصҲﵽںϣóԵ˺޲ͷ
ܺĵͷޣӶʳϲֱ׶ˣǲظˣѱ߽µĩȫˡ
򺻹û꣬͵죺裬ǻܳ𣿡
԰ޱʹӦһת˵Ϻʺܶ࣬㲻ȳ𣿱зϺиֺ㣿
ڵһ乩Ӧվʱޱ͵ϺƷֻǵʱû
ûĺƱÿ΢󷽵㣬˴ǵ
컧ޱǿٴһ㣬ϺзˣԸǲܹģӦû⡣
صסȻϺз͸ָĺ㣬ҲܺóԡҪô죿
̰ĵСһѵľС
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ôԻףޱʡ
ʯûлӦվﵹУûζΡ
ΪӻѡûģϤĺʣϺзֻѡԹ򺺣㣬֪óԣ֮û뵽Իס
ûڣ˵֪֪СʯͷĻףر㣡
Ϊſֺܿϣֻڸش϶ţ
֪ԭޱʹӦаǾݶףóʲô𣿡
ϵ˷ܻ᣺裬𣿡
ޱ˵룬ÿԡ
Ӧãŵ򺣬վɰǶɾȻӿʼǷ

극ʰõˮرϴޱͬԺӣɳ̲϶ѷ档
ޱöڷԿŲԶĺ
ĺǽɫģԲ⵴ţýĴֻҡΣԣshigG٤ǺŸǷӹӰʱʱ
ſţޱ˼ſգļֵģȴܰеܷɡ
ǵϴߵԺм䣬ͿޱڵϣԶ
ŵ£ʣڿʲô

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˵ǺʱҲῴźſԼ
Ŵ󺣼ֱԷʣڸʲô
ܲͷȥ˵
Է壺¡
ѹֶ˵Сʤ»飬ôĵ£Ҳָž۵С޲¡
ôţԷҵʣϱ㿴ôãҪȥתת
ϴĸƲԷһۣ˵Ҫû¸ɣȥѧǽлǰϴˣʲôʱ˻εһʡģ
ʡĵԷ壺аɣ
ԷȥҺӵʱޱҲ˻Ȼâˣװ˵ë㽶Ƿˮ
һĻСʯͷ극ʹӼˣޱ˵ֵǷӾʹ˹ȥ
ǽѡĵطãɳӲҲʪûôΧԺǽ
Ҹоãϴֵʱ˷ܵ˵ԼǵĵطôôʵȻԼˮ
ޱͲ˾䣺겻ټˣϴ˯СʯͷҲһżˡ
СЩʧֺ˵û£Ҹǵúܽʵ϶ǡ
ʣ裬ԼǷ𣿡
ԡޱͬкˮȻƬâܡ
ܽӹâȴû̳ԣޱƬâֳȥʣ㲻ԣ
ޱмâ˵ԡ
ûüѹΧĹƤ˺Ĺ˾ͱˣȻƬâ⡣̧ͷܿȥѾ˺Ƥ
ܳԶ㲻˹ģҲҲûаϰߣⷽ棬ޱǰ˺úܶࡣ
ٺõˣâ˵ʱ򶼻ЩǱҲ⣬â֭մ촽Χֶâ֭
ȻҲʶһ㣬ųžתȥˮرϴ֣ǲ౳ޱ߹ȥġ
ʶһ㣬ޱϲԾ¶Цݡ
ϴַܿЩڣʣЦʲô
ûʲôâܺóԡޱ˵ŵͷ˿â⡣
ܣ֮ǰûâ
ʲôû˵ֻޱߣŵĺëȻ͵ǰ

Ȼܵ˯ܲûз뷨
ޱϴϵ¥ﴫܺ庢˯ĵͳ˵ͦô¡
߽ޱ͇ˣתǹͷ
ޱ񣬾ʣְ֣ҿԲ𣿡
ʲô
ˣ˵ʥȡĹ£ְὲ𣿡
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ðɣЩʧʣũߣڹܣŴӣЩҽģְ𣿡
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ûϵְ㲻ҿԽȽũߺòãܾúܾǰ
²Ÿտʼͱܴϣ˯ˣ˯ҿԼ顣
ûһᣬ𣺡˱ˣ˯˾˯ˡ
˵ûӣͣޱߵſ̽ͷȥͼӱ۾˯졣
ŵܿޱ߹ſʱ˵ȥɣǶ˯ˡ˵߳䣬š
ޱȴûתֻ飬ѹʣǶʲô飿
ûҴţޱ
дŵġѵ֣ޱôͻȻǶ飿
ݺá
ޱȻ֪Ǻ飬ڸǶ𣿡
治ɫ˯
ޱʵĿİɣ
˵˽ݣޱֱױ̨ǰ̨Ϸŵѩ࣬šӹЩĨϡ
ѩʱޱͷۿڴͷܣͻȻʣҪҪܳ
ܴӲˣ·ûף鵹ǲ٣װһӣ¹ˡ
ΪסǰܾôŵģԿҲûʰֱῴʳ
ܷ˵ʱãҿܲŪľϻٴӺͰʡ
ľϲŪɣޱͨͷʡ
˵ʶܱߴӵˣǡʹӰʣҪ˶ľϡ
ޱŶױ̨ĳóƤβס
Ա߿ʣǰ첻ɢͷ˯ģôͻȻͷˣ
ޱȻ˵Ϊǰɢͷ˯ͷҪͷ
ޱеģԴûӳţΪа۵ɡ
ǰҲһΪǷޣҾ಻̫Ϥǰעǰصʯǣ˯ͷЩ
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ޱ룬ôôɡ
ӵޱŵȷСģܼ･غϡ
Ȼޱ͸˷ͣڼҲȥǵĻޱӵģ
βͷÿΨһģһ˵Ƭӡ
ƬܺޱǰģΪʱôԸףŶʮͷͣ˭Ըִٶһӣ
סĻһ׮δŵף̫ˣ
ʱΪһЩţǼ⣬Ҫͬ˼Ϊ˻ĸҪƬϣܡɫ⡱
ɫûеģƬЩ
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ΪײϸĸȥǴĸǰͬ¿е֪ϢȻңշתʯǣҵĸ׹޷ĳ
ѯʺȴ֪ĸ򲡽ҽԺ·ϵҽԺʵĸסĲҹȥ
ڲſڣһμ
Ǹ裬ȥ̽ĸ׵ġ
ŲĻЦͷһӣû߽ȥ
ֱĸҪ˵Ӳ֧shigG٤ڲǻÿɣסģвʵҪˡ
ˣ˵ĸ׵ģֻٵ˲е㲻ҽȥ
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Ǻܺ£Ӧǵһ˵ͬ顣
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һĺ٣ʯǶȹģڼżǸ᲻赽档
Щʱûĸ׵ݣƺҲû뵽Ҫ̽ͬһˡ
ˣܻܾȣɴ۾Ĺĵ
ֻڵ֪ĸ˵Ϊеˣ˵ɣҵ׼û
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ֻǹ򲻵ң˫ͲԾĴй¶ʱ飬ҲΪ˼СĽΡ
ƬڵͷӦ
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Ȼȥٳ٣ټϺ̫ķɫʱ˵㣬ҲЩϸܿʱģ
ˣƬĳڴ룬ǵ𣿻ϳ
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ԭ޲͹սѺӵ׸磬ΪвʣĥŮճɹ
ԼڶŮ·ϣתͷǣŵС߽˹磡
2.Խơ
ɷ⵱ҹϵ룬ǮȴƫС壬пסңǽ
ǰݰͰ͵Сܲͷ뵽ʱųɷùϴǧѰ


20 
ڲſʼԼ˯ͬ, СʯͷԼķ䣬ⲢǳԸְ˵ѾǴ, Ӧٸһ˯ȻǿƵظʰԼķ䡣
СʯͷԴ˺ܲðְֶǴˣһ˯, ˯ôˣ
, ǼÿԴ˯
ְֻر, ÿڼҶ˯ź, ԡÿ, İķѹġ
Ŷ, ΪְôɣڴԶ˵Ѿİˡ
֮Сʯͷ˯ź, վɱܽŷŵ˴ԡΪȣܽûѶӸǵ̫ʵ, ֻñһǸסؿڡ
Ȼ, Żصԡ
ڴͷŴͷ̨ƵЬס
Ϊ󣬵ֲ̫, е谵Ӱ촩˯ϸ»еˡԵЬ׵ʱ, ͷ, ϰ̨߰һ, һЩ
ܽվſڿ˻ᣬ߹ȥ˵ôͱˣ۾
Ͳһˣ⼸пոϽꡣô˵ƻɷĻ˻ơ
ܽǸˣô˵ʣ⼸췢ʲô𣿡
ôôʣƲ졣
ȻΪʲôŸϹ
ϾŸϹ˸ɷṤ£˵ȷһ¡
ܽšüʲô£
ģǻ¡ţЦð½ң˵ҽԺҩĺͬ־Ҫɷתҵϼңλ˳
ܽɻ󣺡ʲôϵ
ңҶûԡ
ܽüûԣȷ
˵ҸȻûö˶˵ģûҪͻȻƭҡ
ܽһҲǣЩƣôͻȻ㰲ôõĹ
Լϱ⹤ǵ浽Ͱ֥ˡû˸ʹӣΪίΪֱ˽Ϲ֥ûôõĶˣӸ״𣬾ðûٸϱŹ
ͻȻˣĻҽԺҩĺùġ
ûţ˵Щԭⲻתܽ
ھðô꣬µͻеģɲ˵ˮ©߼Բùȥ
ܽ˼Ƭ̣ʣʲôʱȥϰࣿ
һ
ô
Ƶͷ˵Ҫúͬ־֮ǰϤҩҩġ
ȻҩҩģӽҽԺװﶼбǩץҩһĨҲУϸšҪҽԺǱҲôˡ
⵹Ҳǡܽ˵ʣȥϰˣСʯͷô죿
̾˵Ҳڷ£˵벻ϰľɩæ˭ڻûͷ
Ϊɷֲãƺͼɩ֮࣬˽ⲻóȻ˰æӡϾСʯͷ꣬ҵ˱ӣһܼʱ֪
һֱڼͼЩɩ죬ܽ͸˵ˣŮб˶ͷкûٺѡ
Ҳƣɩǵ˱Ƚ졣
ܽ˰æչ˺ӣҪôİˣΪʶҪôϵҪõѣôķϣԷϱҲڿӡ
ַʽȱݡ
ǰڼסôЩɩ˵ÿ춼㲻İˡҪҲʶģֻȥܱߴӣˣסȫİ˵ˣĸҰѺ͹ȥŪǿ޶ûطȥ
뵽ʾͱˣǲչ˺ӣ뱣ķͷ뱣ķе̫ߵˣοƳɷֲãôױ˿ñӡ
ڼģʶ̫ͣûд֧ĻӶܹȥԸ⻨ǮˣԷȴһԸӡ
⣬ȻŹϵõѣӲӣԣȻϣԷƢõ㣬ԺҲĵ㡣
ˣϵõЩսУ˭ϱƢģĿǰûԸæӵģ
Ұ
ܽ£ʣˣϳ극۶˭ȥˣ
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ӺòиѾshigG٤ҲܸˣǳЦ˵ǰǺܺϵޱҲСʯͷǼҳˮ
ޱϱ
š
ܽͻȻʣǴСʯͷô
ޱ¶죬᲻᲻̫ʣ
ʲôʵģˣ˴ӣҪҹϵõģҸʶô꣬ʲôԸ۶ӽҷġղŲҲ˵ˣϱͦãǼӻСʯͷ
ɷô˵˼ԽԽô£ЩģޱҪӣٶһԸ𣿶ǰйԺ˵ҲҪϰ࡭
ԸԸ⣬ʾ֪ˣڹ£ʱһ£˵ҴרŴӡ
һ˰æӣױñӣ˼ң˼һͲôˣʱ˵ܸͷж
ȻǶԺ£ҪôӸˡ
ܽ˵ɣҳո̸̸£̽̽Ŀڷ磬ԸٿǱġ
һҲУͷ˵ɡ

Ҳޱʲôˡ
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ǻ̫ԡܿ䣬ʵУʱ;ޱ£ֻǻΧʺʣϵڡ
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üͷȴûչð涨
һĹ涨ǰӦй̶̡˵ˣºϲϹ棬Ȩȫھðϡ
ǲƽϣŲͲˡҪ׷Գ˹涨Ĵ죬Ϊй̶̣ô˵ҲƱ磬˵ȥɩҲ̹
ӦҪƽϣ³ˣȥõѡǳƿ
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ദʱ䵹ǲ̣д꣬ǴһµĶ࣬Ϊְҵ⣬겻ܻһμҡ
ŵд˼⣬ǻ˲죬ҲǶཡ̸ˣÿμĻŶɰͰ͵ģֻȼ֣ˡ
ʱ룬Լôô󵨣żһ棬ͨž͸ҴӦ˽顣
ʱ־òϡ棬Ȼܲ죬ĸ׹ϵã֪֪ס
ܸͷߣҲǵģƷб֤ҲǴЩǿˡ
δҵõˡ
ʵ֤ѡǶԵġ
Ȼܲôÿ¹ʰʱĻأ¸սǻûͷҲû̹Ǯ
ԸᣬϽãټ϶ӳ⣬ÿǷʱ˵׹ŮҲ֡
ˣȻɷط־ӣޱӲѰ
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ȥΪ˰չ˺ӣһϼң޹һӣΪŮҲò־ء
ɩǾŰŮӣȴӣԹԣ¼ͥìӾ硣
ټԼɷ־ȥԭʣ޼ֿܻϡŲʯǵĹ
ΪˣޱεС˵ڻʱһӦǾȡ
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ܽ飬߳Ⱥܶͬ˸ãȻ࣬ɿԭ
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ޱûлشҲûм׷ʣΪ֪𰸣ǰġ
ô벢ΪС˵ûȢΪڻ
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̫ˡ
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ܵ¶ȣͫ΢ޱȴ۾룺
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ܻ죬ҲԸⰮһ㡣
л˵
ĺѷΪûʾûյ˵һҲ
һʮһ㡣
PS:Ԥղأ
ǿ󶨵Ļ
ͯǳʮ걬죬ʮõеһӰ󽱱ʮţʮɷǧڣԸƧĶҲ̸ߴһٰˡ
ܿɷһͯӣӮеӮҡ
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ȻҪÿ챳аٰ˳ܣһʣطΪ٣ΥҼΪܣɼסˣ

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21 ״
ܽ첻Ծ, ˿еƮ
һӪˣﹲͬ뷨
̸ܽԷʱ, ˳
shigG٤üë鿴ޱ飬ȻƽʣôƮˣ
ܽûشƮˣֻ˵, һ˷ϲ¾ˬ, ԰, 㲻ϱž, ·ϴô, ô, ǲ˵㣿
ûѷóҫϰߣûأתƻ˵ҿҲͦá
ܴܽ, 治ܣϲɫˡȻҲûҴ, ֺǺǵ˵, ɩӹˡ
΢Ǻ°
Ǻ£Ҳе㷢Сʯͷ, ûѧͣҪϰˣСʯͷô죿ܲλɣǾ, ǴСʯͷ, ù, Ϣܴ򷹸Сʯͷ翴ŵ㣬úȥˮС
ܽ˵ͣƬ̣Щ˼˵ڵǣɩԸľɩ֪࣬Ѻи˭һᣬҾ뵽ϱ˵ԸãСʯͷҲͦáСʯͷͲ࣬浽һȥҾʣúûйƻҪʱûУܲܡǡ
ܻع˵ǣ£ˣɩӹģ
ҽԺҩ˵ǹͬ־ɷתҵˣҪŻȥҩȱˣðǱ߾Ͱָȥ
ܽ˵ͻȻͣס˵ԣ̫ԣ׷ʲôˣ
Ƿ˵¡ͰѳޱӺͬ־Ϊ浽ð죬˵¸˵ˡ
ܽüͷҲ˵ðôͻȻϱôõĹԭм仹ôһ׮¡
˼ܽ˵ϻȥһƣҸ㱣֤ɩӿ϶Ǳ״ˡѹյܸǰҲ֪ĳɷ֣˵Ѿðθˣȥ״⹤Ҳһ䵽ͷϣƽ׵ø˵ǲǣ
ɷ־һ˵λ
ũͥ˸״Ʒֱݲɳӣˣ鲻صĻҲд鰤
ɷֲõ˸״Ҳᱻ˵˼һˣǰ˵·סţ
ˣͬΪɩеƾ͵ñȱ˸С
˵ûлɹɩӡĻܽģͬҲ
룬֮ǰŹˣΪðǱΪ̲Ϲ棬µĻôڵ֪ҩǵƺòޱǱˡ
ԵԭԶ׼ۡ
Լ״˵˭

ޱѾ֪˱״˭
Ϊǰȥð컧ڵʱ˵ύȥԳԹ緹ޱȥ˾ð졣
Ȼ˳ӵĻڶˣ϶һϡ
ޱڱţǲԾϵĺʴͿˡ
Աŵ࿴ˣǲ֪˵ôŸûһ룬̲ס̽ʣ֪𣿡
ʳ⻰ʱﻹЩޱװĲ⣬Լʹˡ
˭ޱɫƽص˵ͷ˵֪ˡ
ôƽ̲סˣûʲô뷨
ޱ˵Ҫ˵ȫû뷨ҲǣҪ˵رܣҲãҷ֯İš
ޱ˵ⷬʱһֱȥҲûһ˿ǿòϣޱ滤̫Լ
˵ôõģѧûù
˵ظĹλɮ٣ʵ˵ѧߵľɩѧߵĵĶ֡ҩλѡϣ֥ҲôΪûľɩô࣬ȴҲġ
ޱõڱȥǼǣԺҪѧĸλȱǵһѡ
ʱ򣬾֥ޱкù뱳ʹҲû취ϾҪ
ô˵ﻹǾеϧ̲ס߶һ䣺Ҳ̫Сˣʲôֲǲ֪ôڹû׶Ǯ˵Щأ
ޱ΢״
Ȼʾ䣬Ѿ˴𰸣Ҳ⣬⻹Ǹܸɵóǡ
㲻֪״ĲҲӡ֤ޱĲ롣
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û˵ô֪㶨ҽԺҩ⻰Ĳ࣬ļǩָ»
ޱҡͷܣֻĹ£ʱӦҲע⵽ˣ档
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ЩƣʲôʱĹ£
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ϵܿڣʣԣǵʱڿΧǽĵ£
ͷҲ󰡡
ѹ˵ǲ󣬵Ͳסýѵû֣ԼҳǴǰΧǽģ棬ޱǼԺʲôһ
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ѹֶ˵ǽжǡǸεضޱ˵¶ңҪ˵£
ô˵˵Զײڣڼסţһ͸Ҫû£˭֪ˣޱúܿ˵ʵҲãҪû£Ժٲø򽻵Ʒԣ֪ʲôʱͱһڵǲõˣС
һݹһˣޱֵͦ˾䣺ˣҩ˲ɣ
æ˵ҩ˵ƣʶɣҺǻҲʱתˡ
ޱ֪Ƴɷֲãû̫˼ҲûʣֻЦ˵ʶǼСʯͷҼͦϵ
ޱϵЦݣ̲סʣ㲻Ĺ
ʲôɽģѵҾôСǼˣޱЦ꣬һ˵ϸۺȷ󣬱뵽ѾĻ󼦷ɵͦ˵ġ
˵ޱֻǸ޹ľˣȻҪˣҲбˣһǷֵġ
Ҫޱ˵Լ˭֣ܻҪ٣ֱ˵Լɵܸˣ֪ܴ
Ц˵ô˵Ҿ֪ǿˡ
˵ˣָɵ򣬶˵ʧȥһھshigG٤ӡҪ֪ھӳУֺھȴ
ޱ˿Ŵ˲飬洦֪ǸˡԱסĲǸʱ䳤Ҵ֮ͨҲ˵
ڱ˵֮ͨãҲõˡ
ϧˡ
ͦϲޱģҪҲ˵Щֻ˭İ˻£ޱʮþȵĹǷˡ
ޱ֪ǰԹܻίޱôƽ⣬ʣµľֻˡ
øޱʳԼƱ֤֮ݸʱ˵һ£Ҫûǩ֣ȥǼǣҰţҪкʵҾ͸㡣
ð칫ҾڸڣϢ϶ޱͨȻԽһʲôãҲѵá
ޱǲ֪жˣЦ˵Ƕлˡ
˽˽»ù죬ޱӹƱ֤û
ӦǴӻ·쿪ʼģʣ°£ԸޱĹӦǰµñȺƷӦÿһĸ˼ĵ
ټʣµģܹ뺣ʡ
Ȼ벻ܽȫˣаҪõһ룬ȹ񫣬˽½Լ㡣
⣬ޱʹƱ֤ȡĵǼǱдԼ֣Ȼģȥ˹Ǽǡ
Ǽǹ̺˳Ȼ¼˽Ĺ
ʵ߾߸̣ľɩٻش⣬Ϊ˵̫ԵԼҪظߣ𰸶ǶжûҪ
ޱɩôнֱ˵˲ҹ࣬صڻظ·̱̫Զʱÿɵ㣬Ҳֳܷ˼չӡ
ⷬ˵ġ
Ҫ֪ҩ£֥˽ģޱʱ̲ס飬ҪȥˣҪô໹ʲôࣿؼҴӲá
ڣֻί˵ҪҪٿǿǣĿǰЩҪ󣬿̫ܲͬʱ㣬ܻӰ㰲Ź
ޱʣЩҪܸҿظĵλͦİʱ䣬дСѧǾð죬ϰʱͦɵİɣ
ô˵ûһЩλʱûȱǰľɩͦģԶʱڿܲø㰲š
Ϊ֥֣¾ãЩǰ˵ȽϺá
ҲûΪޱСѧᣬд͹йҪ󶼲ߣ֣У̶Ҫգְᰲ˴ΪҪͣλϰ๤ɣԶŵҲ١
ޱ˾ɲռʲôơ
ޱҲЦ˵û£ҸϣҲϤϤܱ߻ֻҪ˾ͳɡ
ʵܲܰţޱǺںδһϣֵܶܺģǳȥҲ١
ںȡĻȡ˻Ϊˡ
ҲЦ˵ģˡ
ζסˣ㰡
⹤ܲܰţͲһ˵ģÿô롣ҲǸɺñְһŲмڻҡ
ͷԱõ
л˵
ָʮ
ӵղ~
㵱衷
1.ôһΪļƷɩӡ
ԭ޲͹սѺӵ׸磬ΪвʣĥŮճɹ
ԼڶŮ·ϣתͷǣŵС߽˹磡
2.Խơ
ɷ⵱ҹϵ룬ǮȴƫС壬пסңǽ
ǰݰͰ͵Сܲͷ뵽ʱųɷùϴǧѰ


22 
ְֻ
ޱսõĻӻʢ, Ϳܽͷ˵ȥϴ׼Է
ʱ, ÿʱԹ̶ȥӪڲӳԣӪų̿, ʮܵҡ
ϰʱ, ޱ, ǰŵ, žܿ
Ϊ˲ٺ, ͦʢ, ޱѼȫϣ˴ӡ
ҲӿŶ࣬ʵʾô, 
зֻͷռ, ٶޱͷĺƱͲˡϺСһ, ϺëϺƤƤϺƵģΪͷ󣬿Ų١
پǸֱ, ӻ֮࣬ҲǻƣҲһĸ, ּ, Ľ
Ȼ಻, ޱຣϺֳһֹͳװ̣зֳһֻټ򺣬ӡ
ʣµֻзͺϺһ磬װ˸ӡ
ϾǳԷܵóˣݱζҲãޱְһ̣߰˰˼ɲðڴӡ
һºޱ΢ӵİڷλãŲԼǰ˾ơ
˳Ķ룺ǣ
纣ʣð׾Ƽν׵ȵζƵʣޱ򵥽һ£ʣǰԹû
ҡͷûС
㳢úҳ£ͦ۵ġޱ˵ЮֻϺ
Ա˵裬ҵأ
˾ƣСӲܳԣ˵ЮֻϺֵָЮǹͳġ
ЩʧϺ
ĸ˵ʱѾޱЮĶϺˣζȷʱ峴Ҫһ㣬д˿˿𣬾ζôء
Ю˸зȣüʣôͻȻ뵽ֳԷ
ҲǸմʯǹǰûôԹʣ֮ǰ򺶼ǸӦվѧģȻζҲҲô԰ɹӦվĹԱ࣬ܽһͲˣܲϴʰɣ˹ǣ
ܰзȣÿӽзЮŵޱȻʣţȻأ
Ȼ󡭡ޱз⣬ٿЮһзȣȻü˵ԼľУùҡ
ʣ㻹û˵˭ѧ纣ʡ
ޱ̵з⣬˵һʱÿ˽Ժ뵽컹˻ף䡣Ȼ˵˵ţĵ纣ʣ˽ϼҾǺߵģǵصɫˡ
ҲΪ̫ɫ˲һԵùߣԵֻ˳һ䣬û˵ס
ޱԿ²ɫ飬̾Ͱӽ˽Ĳ˵ϸ˵лָһ¡
ʵ֤Ƿܽˡ
ֵҲͦޱýֻ̾ȻͷԱġ
ԭܻȻshigG٤ˣܸ˵˼¡
ޱ߳Աʣʲô£
ҽԺǹðǱ߰Ÿϱ
ܱô࣬ޱΪ˵ôҪ£⡭˿˵Ѿ֪ˡ
ô֪ģ
ȥûڵʱ˵ġޱ˵̧ͷ˶Ժһۣѹ˵ǲ˵£Ҹ״˭ˡ
ʣԸųϱ
ޱ¶ȣô֪
ղ˵ʱ̧ͷǱ߿һۡ˵˼Ƭ̣ʣͬ־̸ˣ
ޱǵģһһ׼
ֻޱı飬ܾ֪Լ¶ˣüë𣬳˵Է̸̸
ô̸Ϊʲô״ң겻ܿڣޱ˵ǰߣǲصҪ˵òԣҲûУҲûߣԸųҪܲңõź۱״𣿡
ܵȻѡӵʱҾͲֻλáڿھƷɱȵλҪˡ
ޱο˵ûϽ˭֪ھƷôͦϲۼⷿӣÿƿĴ󺣣鶼١ںϲھӣԺٴ򽻵ͺá
Ц㵹Ǻÿ
ʲô벻ģһ죬Ҳһ죬Ϊ˲ɵ˰ܻ飬αء
ദһźģޱס޷ĳԺʱҲûΪһЩ¸˳ܡᣬƤҲ˵̫Ļ˳·磬ʱˣûʲôθڳԡ
ʱޱôһ˵ȥ˳һܣ϶Ҳû취ô׵ǿ
ȷԭĺޱ뿪˲£Ҳѧ˴һֽǶȿ⡣
ޱ˵ȥ״ԭ޷ǾһҪҵĹҲˣҶ˹ҲûֵϣΪ˱ôСӦüҹúãҪΪ½ͷö⣿֮Ҹ߸˵ģܵĲ˭
ޱ˵ȴ޴¡
仨ʱܣʱ仨ڼϡ
ܳĬ죬ͻȻ˵μ˲١
ޱһΪԼǱˡ
ȷξʵԺһֱìܣԥҪҪ£˵ƤӺã˵õƾְ취
е㵣ģ̫ˡ
Ƕ룬ͻȻһ飬ƻֱʡû°ɣӳˡ
ѡ˵Щʲôأ
ǵòΪģʱڻһһ£ڸǸǵļͥƽֻţδһ˭Ҳá
뵽⣬ޱЦЦ˵ܻ䰡ǰͿޣھͲôˣǰö˵ҲԸСһ档
ĻͦԺ˵ҳˣӺѪᡣ
Ҳ˵ҲӺѪҪ޵ġȻܣʾζ˵ְ֣ҲԴз
ܰзĶסִзƲ˸зȸ
ûзȣֻΪԺϺ͹ֱ֣׳˵Ҳ
ޱϰչ˺ӣ־ӹзȰз⣬ûзȿǣ־ͱܵһ£
ҧзȿǵ״ת鰥˵ǺӲ
Ѿٰз⣬ޱ֮ǰùҧһзȣ߰˵ҸǰԼġ
˵꽫зݸְһҪз
Ǽ
ޱ˵ǣԼԱ˵
ÿһʣµҳ극˵˵ͷޱˣܻ˵˼¡
ޱŻʣʲô£
ϱϰû˴ԸԸæչˣԼܣæŵУһǮ
Ӧˣ
ûУŸ˵ˣ˵ϱҽԺĹܾ£Ͱѻȥˡ
Ȼø״ǵƣֲֳ֪ޱ뷨û̴ӦŻȸޱ˵ôġ
˵ҪǾ鷳ȥ˵һؾ¡
ޱҡͷ˵ܴСʯͷǺͦ£ҲúãǮˣֲòСʯͷһͣ͵Ƕ顣
ˣϰľɩ˴ӣһҲ飬ͨܺзȻƱǼҳṩǮǳ׬м۵Ѷѡ
ӵľɩÿĹҲڱģ治ǷѶ˼
꣬ĺӣˣͷ裬Ҳ̫źӣûµʱȥķ裬Էʱȥ˾С
æӵľɩҪעҲǺûΣϷȥûȥˮߣԼϲʱŵ㣬ʱʱ̿šԼЩǮľɩһ߰˸ӡ
ޱҲôӵģΪϣסںߣѺӿý˵㣬뿪Լ߶ѡ
ӵʱҲԼ£촰ֱֵأ¡
ΪޱõƵǮ
ҪǮСʯͷǴæӵʱҲЩ֮Ǯһݹˡ
Ƕ԰æˣΪԼױ׼æ֣õҲǸлΪԼʮ֣ҲӦõġ
Ҫʮôһ˵
˹ԴСʯͷʱţ粻ҪǮǺϵͰæţϲҲɢ
ӣ㵽ʱ᲻æ
æٸ˵¡æ϶ҪȹԼҺӵġ
ܳƬ˵ɣ¡

׼̸ܽ£ճԹʹСʯͷˣ˵Ƕֵ棬ϱˡ
浽һ飬ޱҲҽڸ˹ȥܽŸ˵ԼҪĿģϳԷʱҸϱ˵ͬ־¡
ܽͷܾ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֱ˵ղҸޱޱҲ£ѾôˡԼ˵ˡ
ܽһӪģӪ̵ԱǸӪÿ̧ͷͷϵһսѸ
ܲϣΪᣬӰ쵽ôĸ飬ԻصҺϸ龭ȷĲ֪ԵɣŹ
ˮʯܽ˿ͬʱҲЩ⣬ѹʣΪʲôͻȻڱ״
֪shigG٤ҡͷ˵
ܽʣԷ֪
ϲ֪£ҽû
ҡͷԶΧһɳӵޱͳ˵ոԷһ£ʲôӦɡ
Է岻֪£ǻܱ飬֮Է֪ԺҲ
ܽܵ˼ͷ˵˵ˣҸ˵ģôСʯͷ£𣿡
ˣӦæСʯͷ
ܽϲʣģҾ˵˴֮ǰɩӻرģұ£Ҵ
ôˣܽԴ޵ĻҲ̲ס˵ޱޱ˵ˣȻͶԼܣǾ͵Ƕ˸飬Ǯˡо仰˵ǰͷСʯͷǼҿûʲôǳܵʱޱޱرƫ
סܽҲû״ԥǣеðæӣǮǲǲ̫ã
ǮޱޱиҲһܰæúӣиλճʵĻ϶ȥϰࡣܾû˵ıȽϺá
ܽ͵ҲûޱܰæãֻһʱҲεˣæһ£ԱЦ˵ףҺƱҲųʱӵ˭ȽϿɿȵϰˣǻ԰Ѻ͵һȥ
ܽ˵ֺЦ˵㣬ޱޱޱޱеûͦȰ
ŶƵ˵Ǹܺá
ܽ
л˵
㡣



23 
سǵȷ, һʮ·ڣ·һһխǽ·, ·Ǹ߸ߵ͵͵ķӣľӶ࣬ҲмĲ¥
һ¥ķźͦ󣬵һֿͰ칫, ʵҲ㡣
Ȼ, 㿴ҲȻؼԺЩ, ĶҲ, ¹ʹ, عû, õ
гһЩڻع򣬵ȱҪĻȵǼ, õĻ£õĻȰһҲп, , 
գ̨ͦ࣬ǰӵ, Ϊ˶ӡ
ȥʱޱע⵽̨ĶвٴŰɫˮˣǲԼŶ, ڱ˲ʱά
ȻҲв, Լ, ñ˲ù
ޱǣӣŹ̨һȥɹ̨ʱ򣬿Ա߹̨ͳ
ԭи׼Ŷʱ˸ˣͲ˹ȥ˲³Ŷӵʿ͹ȥŶӣ˲Ը⣬ֺʣ˭ʲô£ܵ㣿
˱ࣺҲģӾǲС
˻Ҫ˵ӵȴеˣѹ˵Ҫ㻹ȥɣ
һ⻰˾Ͳˣ̧ʣΪʲôҪȥ棿ֲǲʶһôˣ
ָˣǸʲô˲ģѵ۸ˣĸӵģŲдȥӸ۸ϰգ
źһᡣܵͷޱ˵Ⱥ߹ȥסѹ
治ɫŲ˶ȴ͹𣬱ɿְסţŭʣ˭
Ҳܣæ̧־񣺡Ӫ
ܻ˸Ȼ˵쵼ʲô˵
˺Ӫʱﻹе𣬱𿴼︱ӪֵǮϵ¿שиӪɲأҲǰһġ
־˲֪ᡣ
ֻ˵ʱȻûºͣҲ˼ҲҪƫ˾ֺãˣǵģ͸ҵ˵۸ϰգΪ쵼ǲǵùܹܣ
˵ߵڰ׵Ļֹˣ˶̲סˣһһ˵
Ȳӣָˣ
ʲô۸ϰգΪЩӵֹ
ǰСﶼˣ㻹ŲߣƤҲйģ
԰ͬ־ɲҪϹ˵˺ˡ
꣬˵ҷģôôҿ϶ֺˡֶ˵ɵò
ӵ˱˵ɫһһף⻰Ͳˣʣʲô˼ǴһȺ۸һǰɣ
еһȺˣ۵ͨˣЩͬˮľˣ߷ִʱҲ£˹
ܳûпڣҲûиָͨӵˣϾֵ˶ˣе˵ĸоˡ
⻰в¶߷ߵģܱȻƽ˵龭Ѿ˽ҸѡһȥŶӣͷһ˵ȥɳҸþͣ㿴ôǶԲӵ˵ġ
˵Ҫо죬Χ۵˺ЩסˣܿҲ˷Ӧ԰Ⱥھ׿ɲɾͣ
Ȼûоĳ̶ȣ߯͸þ
ҿʼ壺о죬о죡
Ҳ̶ȺҪߡ
̾ͻˣȻ;˶ǹְԱͨ˻𾯲죬Ϊӡﾯץ˵ģ˭ҪǱţտʼ϶š
˵ȻҲץˣǣǻŻＶˣͨ˵ȽԶ
ȻΪֻؾڸڼسﳣо˽棬Ƕмɣ׸ͨ˳Ҳȥˣ͸ͦ˵ĸо
ټʼֹ˲ӵľȻۣ࣬һǶʮͷͷ࣬۸
˱ֹʱ򣬹һ¥ȫ˹ô˶ţҪǾôˣĹȥһ嶯͸˸
ȸŷͷƤӵȷôҲĵˡ
ҲһȻôǣ˵ͣ͸ˣˡ
˭֪˲ƣһԲϾҪо죡
׼ȥоľϾҪ߳磬ˣæԱ߳˵ˣҲŶ˻𣿡
ʲôŶӣǲӣ
˼æĿڣǣӣӣҲ𣿡˵
ûͱܸקס˻ȵȣ𣿡
˹Ų˵Ҳ˵𣿡
ǲˣأ´أ
ô
ޱ˵ȻҾ˼빤ʲôʱʶʲôʱˡ
˶پǰһڣٻ򣺡ҴˣԺҲˣŹвУ˱˵˫ֺʮshigG٤ܿʼϹ
ԱãˣǾڷߣǵȾٷ˱ȽϺã
Χ۵ԥȻŵʱͦɶ񣬵°治ֵĳ̶ȣеˡ
˼״æ˵о죬˱о죬Ҫҵλ֪ˣ϶ҪҼǹһźҪܱǹ
ⷬȻҲ˳֪ˣ֮ǰôô᣿Ҳ˳˵ҪˣϾźӣִĻǡ
ܱҲֻһѵ˸ͣ˵ξˣ´αҲҪɳȥ
ǡæͷ˻ûٿڣ̧ͷЦʣͬ־˲
ܵתҪߣû𾯲£ͣסŲתʣǾ졭
һ񿴹ȥ첻ߣ
ǲǣ˰䣬˾ͻƨƵ뿪ˡ
˼״׷Ц˿ǺģֵҲְֺ֣
ĻȳʣӪӰ
šӦкӹȥˡ
ޱҲ˹ȥںǺ˺ЦǺá
ɩӺã
ΪղŵĲǲӪıʶŴͷһޱɩӡ
ò˵ôһɩӣ滹ͦ𺳵ġ
˿ͷ׷ͶĿ⣬ӣΪղŵ¶ܺкøУЦſһ˳úá
һӴȺ˵ҪȥɳҾҲˣޱ˺üۣҲûӰӡ
ܸޱ֪ѹûо죬ŻŻˣ˵ȥоģҲѹûȥɳڹսǴأ
ޱȻҲˣĶԷ˵ǹԼȥùҡ
ԷһޱЦ˵ס͸֮ǰһˡ
˵ıӰޱʣҲµı
š
õ϶𰸣ޱǳˣ˵ôû˵ԼֻŻˣȥ˵ô֪뷨ԭˡ
˵ŻĸҲ¥ˣǶܱ˸л˳˿ޱӣȻûˡ
Ӫ磬ǸˣҲҷŻ˵ޱǴۡ
˼˼ޱ׼ʲô
֪Ҫȣ˵¥ϡ쵽˶¥Ȼų̀ۻԱѰڵĵȶøǿ
ԸޱǽȵƷƹܼ۸ģüڣܾ˵ԼУ
縺ǴˣԱЦ˵µ¥ҾС
ܸ˵лȶԷ¥󣬲żѯۻԱܼ۸¡
ʵȹܶ࣬޷Ǿм硢󲻴ܲܰͷȡ
ޱ㻨̫Ǯȣѡǲӣ۸ˣҲȽ٣ܰͷڷ٣ۻԱ˵Ըһԡ
Ҳ쵼еĴˣͷۻԱûҵҪ󣬶Թ˿ʲô̬ȫ顣Ҫϲ˵ģִ˵ԾͲԡ
ڼȻԣޱȻЦ鷳ˡ
ۻԱЦ£ŵߵв׵ĵطͷϣһ˵һǿһ¡
ޱ߹ȥҶǰоͦ󿪲ʱˡ
˵һ׶λøоз磬ҷ绹СۻԱѷЩҶû죬е㳳
ޱһ̨
һ̨С㣬ҲС㣬ޱһʱԾ
ܼˣۻԱŵĻƷóԡΪķȸղԵ۸ͦۻԱһȷȷҪԣûԥͷ˵ԡ
һԣȻãСԿҪò٣س̫ˡ
ޱᡣ
ܵǺܴ˵ɣ
ռͥȨޱбһۣȷ
˵ҾὨ飬Ǯϣ˵㡣
վڵǰȥλ˶Իתͷǻ˵裬ã
ޱ棬ʣô֪ãã
˵ͷ˵ղŰ˵õʱ㲻Ҳͷ𣿶ҰְҲá
һֱûڵܽ˵Ҷ˵õģ϶õġ
ޱ;ûĵãֻǾ̫˲ԥڸ˵һͷ˵Уġ
ֻǴӦȻʹ죬ʱޱеʹһٶأʵҲͦõģȻë˰ʡǮٶˡ
ޱʹı飬ܰο˵ǮҪģɵĲȥµĲ
ޱǮȻԽԽãķʲô¾ɣٿƵģ̲סѣɻ˽Ǯ
ԣŶû£Ҳۡ
Ĳ˽ǮϽϱģǽй
л˵



24 
ԼҺŵʱ, ޱͻȻ汻򿪣Ÿشܳ
̫ңʱ䳤ľɩƤƫɫ, Ҳ⡣
ܳʱϰӡͦԣóƵ˾ǴӼܳģ˭һƣԶ
ͷ, ޱͼͣǰ, ݺݵ˵ˣ
ޱĪ, Ƿ޳, ʲô£
ûʳ, ͵һ, ˣޱ̲ס˵Ī
ܱŵ˵ù
ޱǣȥ
ݺԵ, ¥¾һպð˿ͷм, ټϵȵͦ, ܴķΧҲ󣬻ϲܸܵ
, ޱĶһ
Ķ࣬ȥȣʣµȥĲװꡣǶе, õ߷, Եɹɡ˸, ֮ǰˮǴůˮƿ´ɱܲ㡣
Ϊ飬΢鷳㡣
ʰʱԷܽ˳ȥ
뵽ǰſŴӼԷˣޱ룬ʱͷţܻʣԸųʲô£
˵͸״£ҵǸ
ޱסô֪£
ûţϳȥܲʱ¡жϰߣϢգҲȥȦ
Ȼޱ֮ǰ˵ûҪȥԷҪȴû˵ʲôֻŶʣǸϵİƣԸųģ
ûʣӦǡ
ޱĬò˵Ըų˹˹ģ벻ᶯִˡ
ҲЩ⣬뵽Էղģ˵ҿҲеڣӦǷshigG٤ڽǣʧִġ
ޱͬ˵ôڽҲǴ˵ɣܶһ֣ʾͱˡ
ͬʵϣùҲʹ죬ֻ˴ڼͥеŮˡ
鲻ˣ͸ϱһƣõ˵ͨ͸һȭͷиֵģžƾװ裬ȭߡ
ƫƫܶతŮˣ⣬Ұο˵ֻһƣͺˡΪˣѵʱͦõģ顱
ܳһʱޱԻǿ־ģ룬˿Բͺˡ
ҲƴԭϼҴĹû飬ʮˡ꣬СʮͽˣĹЩ
ޱ룬һԽԽá
ͻĴ˶ıޱˣͣѧ磬Ĺũ壬ܿҲû߳ȥĻᡣ
ޱ˵׵һ࣬ʼת˼롣
һҪ飬ҸСӴģһˡ
Բô˵һҪɾѧôߣһҪҪǣִܶˣǵߡ
뵽ޱ˵Ҳܣ㲻ܶһָͷ˭˭ҿ϶ǲġ
ֱܼ̬࣬̾ҿ϶Ϊ䣬һָͷ
ޱˣԵĶŽܰѲóȥϴˣٵˮһݣȹˮǾϲ

ֵòСҪϹŰӡܳȥˣգﲻ˿
Ϊ˸˰࣬ҵԼң龭ֶԷһ˼ȻҲû˸˼빤
˼룬һƣ˵ԷҲǹģȰΪԷǸ޺ͺøա
ҲΪǷ޳ܣ״ޱҲ˳ȥ
Ǹӵġ
ûɹޱȥҽԺҩϰ࣬Щûľɩܻ᲻øúãû
ޱҾ;ֲ֣̲֮⣬Ҫûһѧ⹤Ҳ䵽ͷϣڣ˵⣬еΪͬ顣
ͬޱȻҪˡ
ɩ֪͵ޱĶԻ֪ޱҽԺĺùȥ״ģԼܱߵס˵Σ
ܱסЩסԼΧľɩʱ򣬻ҲԶԶͣˣԼ˵ʲôڱ״
ԷҲˣ޵Ҳʱֱ׵ĸɴֱʣԸų㲻˵Ļ⴫ɣ
ȻЦʵģԷһ̵飬ˡ

ڷӲ̫ùޱȴӿ̫ˡ
ޱǰʯ޷ĳֿ˵ۣҲ㲻ɣɴ߳ȱֵʱʱҪǲֹܶϡ
ǰ칫ܹĸˣŮ룬һŮͬ־鳤ºܻӲԼŮͬ־͸ɲػ쵼ʿ䣬ޱȻûʲô¾͵ϡ
ޱҲ֪⹤ڳһ߹˵Ѿɵģٲֿǳװ࣬ðҹӲԹֻŬ÷ڹ
ֻʱһƣصʲô붯
ܲ
ȻӣǮ赱ɱķã̹Ȼʲôɡ
Գϴ룬Ȼϴϴ·Լ·Ҳһͨϴֱϴˣڶϴ
ÿæ걾͵šʮˣص˯˻ãû˯ţú˯
ˣϼҵʱޱÿתæǲĺӣʱ䶼ûС
ڣޱ˴ѵʱ䡣
Ȼ𴲣׼ͣڳżæŵظȥλǴƵȥ㣬ʱ㣬ܻȥ˹磬ˮ
صҺϢСʱһСʱ׼ҪԵĲˣʮҳԷ˯һᡣ
ǿʱ䣬Ϊ̫һɹģôԸţͨſڿɳ̲棬Զ˾ͺһ
ҿʼ극ɻĻܡ
˵庢˯ãʮӣֵ˯ˣȻ
ޱһдʱ䶼УҪĺӶ˸СʯͷҲû֮ǰæµ٣Ͼùܺ͡
رǴùȥޱµĸоԼҵ
ֻ˺ü죬ҲûԼҪʲô˵̺֣
ޱһ㶣֣
ݣֻҪˣڶܴŸݼѵá
ܿĺкܶ࣬ԶĲ˵Խͺת÷ǳ죬һʱԶǳǸ
ܹĿĺȴ࣬Ҫ֪ĿǾ飬˿һ鶼һܼǵסȴܸòࡣ
ܾãҪǺúԺ϶
ֻͻСƽʱҲȽæûҪʲôޱͷȻԼ뷨˵ˡ
ޱܵĻ뵽ԭ̵ȷܸߣʮͿ˻࣬о
ҲΪϷݺ٣ֻڱ˿С
ޱУЩҪ̵Ļǲǵȥ򼸱飿бӺͱʣҼҲûкڰ塣
ûкڰ岻ҪǼҾӣСʯͷҲֱӰдҲһҲżȽϵ֣˭ûѧĿαڱӺͱʣȥС
һ˵ޱ··ͳˣʮҿ϶úýǡ
ǵڶ磬ޱ͸˺ϢǷӦͬ
СʯͷΪûѧ֮ͣǰһֱûʲô飬ÿοЩѧĺǺĽȻѣһѧĻǺڴġ
ǵȲڴϿΣҲϿΣžС
ӦвסϼҵʱһûסܳȥˣϺ΢㣬ҲɶȥɳҲԸڼҸš
ÿ컨һСʱд֣
갡ΪʲôҪĥ
л˵
һ


25 
ߺϢǰ, ޱȸ¡
һʼȥҽԺϰ࣬տʼЩϾרҵ, ԼŪҩġ
ʵ⹤ûôӣҩϰ࣬ҽҩдÿҩ붼ҩϸµһ㲻ҩط, һҲ˴ߴ, , ׼ȷҪ
ĺͬ־Ҳ̵úܾshigG٤ϸ, ÿһҩĶϸ˵, ¼ͬʱҲ˳Űҩģѧ, ˵ٸе©
ÿûµʱһҩһҩ뿴ȥ, ⷽЩ֣, Ѿܶץҩ
ƹ, ˿Ҳࡣ
Ϊɷ֣̫ܵȻûͷֵ, ϸ΢ɨ£ðͲᰲŸɩ㰲, ɩ, , УʱҳʵɣܾǳԲÿ࣬˼벻
ɩҲһǰֵʱ򣬼Щɩ˭
΢õ㣬ԸҲ࣬Ҳ˵ٿʵ˶
Һɷкӣӣ治ȷԼܲܰס
ȥҽԺϰһźţڼЩɩǿȻãͷȻ˹Ǿ˵ĺˣЩ֮еųȻɢ
ҩˣҲɢȥЦȻͶˡ
֪ޱ̺֣Щԥ᲻̫£
ʲôɵģұԼҵޱЦ˵СʯͷϿΣҲҪģֻһ棬СʯͷһԱ߿ܻģ㣬ҪǲԣҾһˡ
Сʯͷܸ֣ﵱȻ⡣
ֻޱѰӣټѽСʯͷܾԼռˣѧѡ
ޱǮһҪΪ˽Сʯͷֻ˳ҲȫϿΣ컹Ƿǳȥ棬̫ҵʱڿΣһڿʮӣмϢһСʱ
ǰû̹飬ֵһΣ֪Լܲ£ȥкʵĹܻȥϰ࣬ʱ˵ϿΣ˵˰æֵǮ˵ӻˣ鷳
ޱ֣Ҳ˵ʲôϸɷ˵Ǿǲİõռˡ
ܽô˵Ǯǲô죿
ҲЩתһ룬ޱǮ԰Ǯ۳ɶ
ô룬ôܽ˵ˡ
ܽÿУǣޱǲǮѵͿˣ⣬ʲôʣ
˼ʣ˵Ҹñô
̫󣬼ľɩŶдñӵϰߣûޱñӣ֪ǲϰߴòϡñһʱòϣҲõŵʱ򣬷ֲỵ
ҲԵг⣬ޱҲΪü۸˼ա
ܽ˵ҲС

ޱ˵Ͽε£ܵ˵̻˳
ΪǵһϿΣû̫ѵݣӻֻĸѧֻ˴15д
ݲѣѧҲɣر𣬻ޱ˵һͼסˣûʲôдֲôÿ
ⲻʲôͺá
Сʯͷǵñ㣬ùڿ̵Ķˡ
Ȼޱѹ£ٰ㲻ԸϿεСһʵʵעУޱһûעˡ
ڿνޱӰ̵ݣֻãоõʯǵʱͳһȥ죬úܣҲúͣ١
ĸʱˣǿʶaoĲѲᣬһͻȻ򣬻ҴԲѵ˵һǸղˡ
˺ֺЦ
ޱ̲ס˵治֪Ը˭
ޱСǳеĹԺӣ£Ҳͬ˸ءܾ͸˵ˣΪ࣬Ҳڼǰ¶顣
ʮӳҲþĬ̫˵ֱͬ˸죬ע⵽ܶϸϵĶڴǻᣬע⵽ޱθڲãڵܵ󣬲ŷӦġ
˵ԸкܶޱܵӰڡ
Ͳһˣ⿪ʣҲĴ⣬ֱܰһ̶ܻͣƱ磬͸Ųء
ڻСʻԸϲɳУޱʱʱǣһֱôأô찡
Ȼޱȥ뷨
ԭͦصģҲ˵ǷܣɳпΪ
ȷԺгϢޱЩǣΪӣͦõģأҲ˼ңûʲôӡΪĸףϣܱڵ⡣
ôпɲĵġ
Ҳգ˵˵ˣ˵Ը硣
ޱһ뻹ǣԸҲѣӴǴǶ鲻棬ɹÿοҲܽ꼶ǰʮҪ˳ȥ˵רϴѧøбҵ֤϶û⡣
̰棬пǰͬѧһӿΣܽӾѧУץϣʦȥץˣðǸסˡ
˱סõǸǸдд֣ŲϴޱйϵûѧУԺͲȥѧУѧҲûá
ޱû취˳ڼҴţֱμпõ˳бҵ֤
ޱҵؼҸũΪӺã˲õĽ顣ޱֿ˳ֿۣʼһֱũϧˣ취ڹһҹӪ˸
տʼޱ軹ģ¶Ӳ̣ܽɲ˶ñǳˣޱڹӪɵͦãûʹһߵȥ˳ί˸£νҫ档
⼸̸꣬ޱ磬Ҫ̾һгϢ˵ˣܸˡ
ޱۣǰߣֻѧװģԸû̫仯ü̲סġ
ȽޱǾܱȽϺãʡġ
˵꺢ǵѧϰޱ˵ѧӲ⣬ڰԲҪʺϺĵӱ
Ϊûкʸ߶ȵ͵ӣԽ캢ǶΧŲ輸ڵΡ
ûʲô⣬дֵĻ輸еˣҪ°Ų輸д֣ҪֻܰŻ߹д֡
ҲΪһ㣬ޱûд֣ɲдҲɴдϰߡ
㲻д֣߶ʺϵҲҪޱûǴ׵Σһ鷳˷ѣٳһ㣬οܾòˡ
üеİʵӣܴССӣȻ˵СӲ̫ߣдֵʱֱС
˵УľˣľҲҺˣȥһˣһˡ
ľϻԼӺ͹ӵģ뻹ˡ
һÿܾһ٣컹óʮ첻þshigG٤һ˴Ҿߣ֪깤Ҫ֣ӵȹߣϾ˼Щʮ»ɣ²Ż͹ˡ
ȻҾߣĶײרҵľϸҵľշѲߣֹֻѣͦղȨޱܴӦôʹ졣
˵꺢ѧϰ£§סޱ־Ͳôʵˡ
ܿͦŶޱԭѧĴʻ㣬ʲôޱͦʺʡ
Ȼʺϵǰܡ
սǻᣬޱûжԴЩ£»鵱˻Ƿֱ˯ģ˵һ 
Ϊ̲˳һء
ֱܻزӣҲֻйΣһƶù
Ȼֱޱ˻ֻôΡ˺ͬ½飬ɬϸξܾɷʱһûӦ
ӦޱҲûܸõĽ飬Ϊû⾭顣
ˡ
Ӧ·ѵĴԽԽ٣żˣҲǱģҹˡ
ᱻţȵĴͶ
°ɣޱᣬȻϵͷһе㲻ܶҲе裬ܿ죬Ҳᵽ˸ζ
ٺóԵĶʱ򣬶ʢҪֵҹ˯ޱÿϹǷ졣
ǰȥ˵ʱ򣬻ôûɵġ
ޱ
֮ͺΡ
ޱȻûĥܣΪ˵Ҫˣʮ춼ز
ޱһˣ졣

ܳǰһ죬ʴˣĲֹСʣһŸޱõġ
ޱİʱȼõҪһ㣬Ⱥǵָһ㣬÷ѾҲ̫ۡ
ΪϹŰʶûˢᣬĥúܹ⻬ȥ֡
Сͦ⣬Ͳڲ輸ˣ˵ˣСбŵģ1ŵľģ˶
Ϊ˱ʾСʵϲСϳԡ
ΪС̫Ź棬ޱһ̲ˣر˵зرóԣҪзŶ
ޱµĹӦԺõ㣬ɩܶôģ칩Ӧվ˱ƽʱһ
ޱȥʱ򣬺Ϻ׵ȶˣǰ߶⣬ȻпǣͬʱҲ٣ټϸͷСҲ㻮ӦվʣµģȫǿǶٸͷз
ޱ⣬ֻСзֻֻʣµԲˣ࣬˾ֻ
ǹ̶ģû˵ֻзϾСʲЮˡ
Сžţޱû˵ߵ㣡
ޱǹˣ˸ӣҪЮ˲ˣŵߵϣĲ˾Щԣû˰
һڴӦ˿ûϣŷ¾򺣬ڳԵȻ߽ĭĭ
سзͷγзʱװᣬҪְָԹξϰˣҧǵġ
ûһᣬзҲˡ
ʶ̧ͷְְ͵ܻܵкʳԣ촽˵裬ҳˡ
ޱͷһۣװûĳˣķôҸ㰡ǰҪģԲСƨɡ
죬ͷķҨڰ׷߳Ա̧ͷȥͼܵһ򺡣
عըˡ
¿ˮɤ˵裬Ҳ򺡣
ޱɲһף˵Ю𣿶ˣŶûˡ
ðɡʧ̾˿ʣҲСˣԻϳԷ𣿡
ޱ裬֪ܲ˼תͷЦ˵Ŷ
СһҪˣ裡
ϷԷҲУޱ۾һ˵ȳҸЮĲˣʢķСһ壬˵û
ҳˣǰзô죿Ҫ
ޱתͷϵĲˣǳԵñȽϾȣͳˡһҲʣһ룬˵֮ǰ꣬ҿзȣǳ꺣֮ǰ꣬һԡ
ޱ䣬ͷ
ֻޱѵʹ˸ɫȻְ˸зǣзƵĵݸƣ֮ǰ˺ʡ
Ȼޱ˵㻰˸зȡ
ֻзȰɣûָͷ֣õСһзȿˡ
ƫޱ֪ʣô԰ǳ˲ϲˣϲҳԺˣ
ԣ
һҧϱзȡ
зΪ⣬ޱʣԷҪߵӻǰӣӣϴгרŸװ͡
ޱ˵꣬СһʹҪ
л˵



26 
°ʺ, ޱͿʼǲҵˡ
õҵ࣬ѿϽ̵ĸָдһУҪΪ˼䡣
ҵ, СʯͷûʲôرӦдֶǶûʲôѵġ
ӦʹˣξͺˣڻҪд֣ޱ, ҿɲԲдְ
ޱûܾ̾Ҹ, ҿǿǡ, ֱ˵, , ҵ, д֣
̰ſͺϣһŹ˵Ҫд֣ҽꡣ
ޱӿ˵ǰ, ֣, ˡ
СʣܲҪô𣿡
ŶޱЦ˵
ص̾˿, תͷ죬ȥ氡
ͼޱ˵ǵҵ, ĻϾ꣬¿ǻܳȥ棬, ܲܳȥͲһˡ
֪̾ˡȻûôȥ
ʵҲȷ, Сʯͷ¿ǰҵ, Ϊǰûôд֣ӽֶһ㣬Ҳϵóˮƽ
ŵһ죬ޱҪ󲻸ߣûдͷǳȥˡ
õеĵһá
ޱõʱСһﻹûʲôŵܵܺͺǣֳȥ棬СһʱĽ̫ˡ
쳤ŵ죬ޱʣȥ𣿡
СһԴתۿ˵룡
ޱָָǰıӣʣһ棬дͿȥˡ
Ȼ֪ǣһöడ
һôͶˣ㲻Ѿдһ𣿡
д˺þáСһ۾ᣬͰ͵˵
ޱ˿û˵дôΪעУųȥ棬ддͣͣԽ䵽󡣵ú룬õԼҪģȥ𣿡
ͷ˵shigG٤ûС
ǰΪ㲻ģûҵáޱָ˵ٿСʯͷдˣԸ¿ǰҵھˣˣĽ𣿡
ԼĶҪˣɥ˵Ľ
ȻĽǾͺúддĻСʱܳȥһᣬ෴ģ㲻ģ͵д˯㣬ܵдϣʱҺ˯ȥˣɲ㡣
̺ҪҲҪ˯
Ȼأ
дҵСһ˵꣬ʼͷд֡
ʵ⺢ӻǴģС˼࣬ʲô͵ᣬעС
԰СʯͷĸˣҲܴ1ϵ100ѧãĸǼסǰģѧһ
ʱ⺢ӣޱ̲סôɷܵģ
ԺޱЩϰߣϿβרĵëǳ˺á
ӽôСץ

дֵʱޱûԱ߸ţӿʼʲô
ȻǸɣޱûҽ̣ƻȽ̺ĸ̼֮ͥԱĳƺƷôдǴӺϤĶ֡
Сʯͷ棬ĸһˣƻԽһ׶νѧˡ
ѧֱӵһ׶ΣܻϡѧһֱͣҲǰ취ʱ䳤Сʯͷ϶ݷζ
ʵи취ֽ׶νѧ˵Сʯͷһ׶ѧϰϰĸ
Ѻֿ׶ԱֿĺɲõӰ죬ޱȻڽ̺֣ȻĸףΪӵǡ
ǹޱǾʱһ׶εĿγ̣Сʯͷ֣֮࣬˸ϰѧݡ
ҪԼҵ˵̺֣ûбŵĴ㣬γûҪץô
𣬵Ķͯﵽˣʱɡ
ޱϱߵſڣͿСʯͷ̶Ժ浯顣
ʱºӼеϷ֮һʯУϺҲҪһ仰ݣǾǣĸûӣó档
ڼȣܼӵģȱǮܽʱܸʮ飬ԭ򣬻֣ɷ֡
һ˴·౻˵Ǯִţޱǰʱ¥䷿´ڱֹ˵ӡ
һ㲻ᵽǰ˵Ҿ㵽ǰ˵ˣƢûôõģ仰ܾȥ
Ƶ㣬ͻֹ˵ʱҳ·ҪµģʳҪԺõģһ͹˺ӡƫƻҸ˳û취һͷֻô͵ô
ˣ·в
ûÿӣСʯͷ˵öã·ûеߣҲøСʯͷ
֮ǰСʯͷһֱûʲôѣҲһ档ֻϷҪһ˼һٶ࣬ʱ䳤ҲûʲôȤˡ
СʯͷĵóµģĵпĿ
Сʯͷһ㶼ֵĵ鲻ÿÿ浯ĶΪӮĵ鶼оˡ
óʱޱ裡дˣ
ޱӦתͷߵߣӹӿʼ顣

ȻСʯͷֶдĲôҪѡһдģĪ
رǵڶ棬Ϊʱ䣬дЩʲݡ
һڴ˵裬дҵˣǲܳȥˣ
ȵȣޱָ˼طд
ΪʲôҺòײдġ
ޱָ˵д֣Լʶ𣿡
Բѵ˵ҵȻʶԼдġ
ޱ˵аϳҾͷȥϲ͸дô
̵ͷȻͿѱסֻҪϵ֡
Ȼϲ
֧֧ᣬޱѱһţдɡ
ֻðޱҪѿȫдһ飬ֻ˽ʮӡ
ޱֱϵʱ䣬˵Ϊ㲻ģϹŪֲд˶ʮӵˣʱ䣬Сʯͷʮӵˣʱ䣬һڿζֵ𣿡
ޱ˵ʮӵʱûʲôӦΪʮж೤ûʲôޱʱ任ɿʱ;Լˣæҡͷ˵ֵá
ޱʣԺϿλϲ棿дֻ͵͵
Сһͷҡø˹һ棬͵ˡ
Ȼ֪ܲޱûмΪͷ˵ˣһȥɡ
ޱ䣬Сһ˷ȥˡ
ȥޱֱֿʱ䣬ĵˣƽʱ㿪ʼе磬ܻ˶Ҫˡ
ܽ÷ǿֱӳԣõȡ
ֻ뵽ܳޱЩģԼûҪֲǸս飬Ҳǵһ쵱ȥ϶һ
ô˵ء
ǰǸԶǰд˵£յŵʱʱѾˡ
ͣĲɡ
Ϻƽţ˵սһΪĵһʱ䣬ǰ󲻳£յܷȥıƽĵ籨
սѾȫʤ
ܲûˣ˾û¾˸Ӫ
ûµġ
ޱ룬С˵ܲҲʮ

ԹˣޱȥȥϺ
ֱӣֳܾϸޱ˵£ޱͲᱻ״̶ҽԺĹ
ΪΣ͸չޱһЩʲôϢ
ޱȴ£ȥϺ
˵ɽɽԺǶǰˣʵеǼƻãɽĲɽԣĲº棬ץһ޶ëñӿ˭óԲ˶ߡ
ޱȻ˵Ϻȴû˼
ǼĿˣÿÿﺣʹӦʮ࣬ʡһʡҲࡣΪ˿ڸ֮ȥðգޱûҪ
ʲôܵģ֪ޱϣܶ²˵ֻҪ㲻ǸȥϺڼ첻Ϻзû˻Ҳõĸһʱ仹ҪȥһˣŪóԵĴûǵӾٱ㡣
ھľ㲻ãɵɶҪţ⻰ܺõشޱĹǣеĶ
ΪԵģ˺ȥ飬ܸо˵ʲô˵аǵʱȥ𣿡shigG٤
ԺﻹҪȥ͹иûҲͦദġ
ǹˮ̨ۻԱ˵ȷޱҲȷʶ仰ģʣʲôʱ
ɣϺҪ磬ʱ㡣£ʣˣнЬҲһ
ޱסϺҪЩ
ǿɲˮ̵ģ㲻Ьó裬ڴףҪΪ˷㷭˵ûеĻЬҿ԰һ˫鲻⡣ҼҲУҲԽ㡣
˵ĽЬʵѥ첻ôҪõϡҲ󣬶³Ʊȥһ˫Ҳ¡
ǹޱ˵ȥ翴ɣҪҾ͸һ˫ûеĻܻ鷳ңЬҪߵģ
ܵϥãҪûУСҲУٵ;ͲˣֻŰ߼㱴࣬ûʲôö
ޱͷʣˣҵʱܴһȥܳȥˣѵʱûһ֡
У϶÷չǣȥԶطܼźö˵
û£ҲǵһȥϺҲδܼʲôöޱѾˣξǴźȥһ£ϺûôȥθϺ͵ˡ
˵˻ᣬɫżĺӣޱ˵ͻȥˡ
л˵


27 Ϻ
, ޱ˳ȥ˸ڹ硣
ڣӦ˵ޱһȥϺ£űЦʣЬף
ԡޱЦӦ, ɴֱ𣿡
ӦС˵תͷҵƷ̨ͬ£нЬ𣿡
ҵƷ̨ĴصУЬҪģߣʲôɫҪ𣿡
, Ҫ, ЬҪʮ, ϥǸ, ʲôɫСޱ˵, ҵƷ̨ȥ
Ĺ̨Ϊ, ǰǲĳ̨ǽģݶĻ, һǹӣƷĻ
ޱĻ, ̨ת򿪵ľǺĹ, ó˫ϥǸߵĽЬѡ㿴Ҫ˫
ޱлѡ
ʱ仹磬ûʲô, ʹԼ̨˹˵ҾĺãɫŶϲ, ɫҲ, ͦ, ɫġ
ɫǺã᲻᲻ô·ޱЩɡ
еϣҪͷ˳ľǼܱ·ɾͲˣ˻ȥ䡣
οһ˫Ьƽʱòϣʱ˭ôࡣ
ûޱ£ֻ̧ͷϸϸһ
ޱģԲ˵СĴ磬ȻͷĴſƼ򵥣ʵϺܽ
ޱϵİ׳ֿûʲôرģϸŷӸһĲһҪխһЩһ·ŵÿһЩĶ󣬵žûô塣
ȹҲһĲһ¿һ㣬סϸ°΢Գ񻡣
رϵЬǳеЬҲũ峣Ĳģŵǲݱģɫƫǳһܴʡ
úĶʣ˫Ьģǲݱ𣿡
еͻȻޱ˳ߵͷۣŷӦ˵ϼҴӣݱ࣬߻Ҳò֮ǰЬͦÿ˼˫
ʱҲ׷УʿƤЬҪ765ŮʿƤЬҪִۣ˶ЬҪơũ峣ǧײЬһ˶δؿϣ˵ޱЬǲݱġ
ˣȻޱЩ⶯ûϸֻЬԴ˵ˡ
ڿޱ˫Ь֮ǰһϲݱЬΪûЩеûģޱ˵ʣϼӻЬ𣿡
ҪдŻȥʣҪ𣿡ޱһ顣
ͷҾ˫ЬͦÿģҲ͸˫
ޱûӦ£ʣǶĽţ
ߵЬҲܴ
Ľűޱһ㣬һӦҲܴޱ˵ɣҽϵЬúÿҾдŻȥһʣô
Ǹãҿ˿ʣԣ°ȥң
ޱ˵λС
ʱ򣬹ҵƷ̨Ĵڲ̨һףò׷һ˽˹̨棬˾ʲôЬҲչȥ
̨ޱѾƽʱϢĵϣЬڵףеûȥĳ̶ȣ˵˵㾢һֻЬʹˣŴһֻ
úʣô
ҵƷ̨Ĵ㿴ϵЬȵЬŲԵýź
ǰɡЦͷԼĽţʮ⡣
ֻûӣҵƷ̨Ĵֿˣ·ûЬ
ŤͷޱҲò𣿡
ȻûͳһƷԱǿԴԼ·ġһȫǳ¼ҳ㣬׵֣Ьȷʡ
ޱ˵ЬȹӱȽϺá
ϵЦݵˣǰ̫˼ȹӣ¹ûȹӣȷΪһ˫Ьȥһȹֵֵ
˼ޱЦ˵ʵЬȻÿܴ·ޣҲĥţųԶţҲڼһٿǿҪҪ
У롣Ьޱ˵ղ鷳ˡ
ޱЦЦ˵ַھӵġ
ЬޱصҵƷ̨ǹѡ˫ɫЬȻ˫ʺƴСס
ԼĽЬޱ˫СģӴûСõģޱֻա
Ь׶ǹҵƷùҵȯ򣬶ҵֻӦ̶Ʒ
ܳǰ˹ʣĹҵȯûȫͬ£˼Сģչ˫Ьһ˫ס
Ǯޱѯֵ˵֦Ͳۡ
Ϊޱˮ۵ʱ侭ǰϣãڿĵ꣬ûʲôӰ졣
ֽõĲ۵ݸޱʱʣ
ޱϵôãûʣûԹôˣ
˵ҪҪǳԵĻҸһ
ˮ㲻رϲ˿϶ȥͬˮ˺ܰ޵ŵζܲˡ
ܽ˲࣬Թ粻ôν˽ڣǰһޱˮ̶ͦԵģͶһ䡣
ޱеԥʣshigG٤ǰûԹȷԼܲܽܡ
ΪƼʱһֱܴ󷽣Ϊܶ㣬ͻȶӦҲʵɡ
ôţ˵û£ҵʱ㳢ģȻųǺġ
ޱʹ˵УҪǺóԣҲһ
Դֵ֣Դ˵кóԵŶ
Ƚ棬ô˵ԼԵ͵ڴһ˼ųˮܳ㣿
Դ˱ʾɡ

죬ûȫޱˣ¥ȥϣٻ¥Ͻ𴲡
ֵеѣޱ˰СʱΪ˸ʱ䣬ӵ·ģ¥ʱƤڴܡ
ޱСһǿۣŶ¥ȥ
ˢϴֵųѹֻģԡҺƲСʵſŷ
Խг̱кܴڴޱԡҵһʱʡϺ𣿡һʱʡץз𣿡ޱԿۣ˵֪ˡ
緹Եü򵥣һ࣬һ̲ˣڼ
ޱΪԼùģʱŸ룬ţ͹ˡ
촩˼ɵԲҲǣ˲ϴŽЬ첲ϿͰﻹһ˫ɵףװʮȫ
ޱæŰʣʣ緹ҪһԵ㣿
Һġ֣ЦֵȥϺǸ߲˰
˵ˣ̣ǽץз𣿡
ץзЦʡ
ͷر롣
ɣͷŵ˵ǽץз
ûü˵㲻ùʱҴңΪ¡
û£飬ǰҲץзЦ˵
仰ֵޱüŪ۵ģǵû˵ԣҪˡ
û⣡һڴӦͷࡣ

緹ޱûϴ룬սžͻϽЬñӣͰ׳ˡ
ñǵޱģʽũ峣Ĳñƣȴõ޲ñ˿̶ñͲ׿
ӱĿһͲˡ
ޱտʼգ˵ñԼֹģûʲôǮ˵лСʯͷչˡ
˵˵ţޱûܼȥñӡ
ñ治ÿñܿڵЧѡ
ֻޱƽʱ٣һϳˣ극ûôˣῴɳ̲ɢɢ̫õϡ
Ȼǳͦ磬ʲôʱܻһޱͰñӸװˡ
ñӺã
꣬һǣñģޱһۣͿͷñˡ
ޱ⻰е죬һ룬ⲻǰ𣿱̲סЦ
ĪʣͷЦʲô
ޱͰЬ¸˵ˣϸϸ˵ĴŴͦÿģڣһǸɻȥģأžȥġ
ôšޱЦſͰкߡ
߱˵ʲôţ㷢ûڼЩɩѧĴ磬ǰҴӶ࣬ڴȹӵҲˡҲʹˣȻҲȹȥ
ޱʧЦ㻹ʮʲôʹ󣿡
°ʮ󣿡
ʮҲ󰡣Ҫ̬̬ᣬ˿ҲЩ
˵䣬ߵܼſڣƽ첻ϰ࣬Ժϴ·ޱˣ߳кô
ǰȥءޱ˵
ʣҪҪһȥ
ҡͷЦ˵һˣһءйˣּ˶ɹ£Ҹɡ
Ҳ⣬ӻ˵ˡ
ޱҲ˻֣һˡ

ò˵Ϻޱлкܴġ
ϵʱޱеĸϺ⡢ɳ̲ԼˮȥʱðͷϺзʵ⡢ɳ̲Լˮû̲Ϳ
ɫǺģ̲Ϳɳ̲ȥûĺˮ֮С̲Ϳ֮ϵĺˮ͸ı̲ܽͿײ쿴һ
ֻû˵㣬̲ͿѾѰһ飬ѾûʲôһĻָ״Сıࡣ
ѰһǾ˵Ҫǰߣޱȥȥ
ޱ۲ںˮŬѰŵӣҡͷ˵ȥɣҴȥǱ߿̧ǰһָǱԶһЩûʲô˹ȥ
ɣ˰ӻ֣ȥǰ档
ޱźߣòӷٵĵطȥ
ʵ֤ޱѡȷûãǷĶͶȻЩ࣬ӺԼջԽԽ𾢡
ͻȻк裡ôϺ
ޱæܹȥͿһֻϺԱڽţ㣡Ҫˣ
ޱӦãŲӾͲȥ˿һƬɳࡣ
һʲôûУޱܿµڶһȥڿϺβͣǿµ
û壬쳤ʣץץ𣿡
ޱװϺϵ࣬Ȼںˮ̣Ȼ̯͵ǰץˡ
˷ܵ˵־ҪȥץϺ
ޱæջ֣ϺӲ֡ϺͰ
תͰ˫ؿڸֱϺתͷܵҫֻϺҵŶ
𱻸ʤģҲҵϺȥˡ
ŶЦе˵ѾҵϺˣʲôأˣҪҴз
ʾĸ磺
л˵



28 
ȻŻʱ, һСʱûҵз
𣬺, ҵֻϺҵϺһֻҫûôԣֻʱʱһͰȻװ˵裬ҵֻϺúÿ졣
ޱ
õ, ֪ҵֻϺˡ
Ȼûҵз, ǽҲƵջ, ˼㱴, л׾Ӷ, ӺҲ, 빻̡ϺҲץ˰ˡֻǿһ̲ˡ
ţޱԶԶ˹, ϶ϲһջķᡣ
ߵǰһȻ, ˶װ˰Ͱ, ҵһֵָĺΣʮֻϺ׺ݶޱҵĴ
ҵ˸, ֻзĸࡣûҵʲôرĺʣзץö, ֻ߰, һˡ
ȻطǾͷֿ, ǵԼ֮ǰ˵ĻܴshigG٤طֻз
ܾϲֻзĸ𣿡
ޱЩ˼Ҫ֪һֻз˵Ҳаˡæƾܡ
ȸ϶شֶޱ˵ҴӦģûϵ
ô˵ˣһڴޱ㲻Ť˵з
зԿ
ʱ̫Ѿϸ߿գ¶Ҳڳûں߶ൢ飬ȥ
·ҲޱñģʱҲñӣͨĲñеƽʱô͸Ϻʱһأͻժ
Ϊ棬Ǻġ
һʣҲˣˣ㻹ûñģϾʹޱžͲˡ
Ҳ˹ȻޱͷϵñӺܸȤ
ޱûҴţ˵ñǵ˽Լ͸ҵġ
İЩʧ
ޱ̫죬ɻʣ˽˭
˵͵ƣ̵ܸԱϱ
Ȼ򣬡ֻͦɣñĻ÷ѵ㹦򡣡
ʵϲޱͷñӣʣСܲܰæʣܲܰҲһյֹҲɡ
һ㣬ޱش˵ƲɣҲͶɡ
ֹֻʲôͶѣЩ᲻£ֲ·ˣǳֹ·Ҳû·ʲô°
յߣΪɷֲãһСĵˣ̾˿˵Ȼǻ˰ɡǱ鷳ˡ

ΪջޱûСзϺͱһ峴˵㻨̯ʣµıˮţٳԡ
зޱŸӻԼϴ衣
Ȼ̫ɹ̫վôãĸһ
ǺֵۣЩͷҺʵʱ΢΢СޱǸˣͷ˵ߣһеģȡ
æʱ򲻾ãصЪޱᱳʹȳֻ¥ţзƾǿżõġ
ϴޱûϴ·һ˨ʹ¥˯ȥˡ
һ˯㣬ޱʶˣƤЩҲöͼڴţֱ˵ȥ档
ò˵ȵģޱЩĽ
Ȼܲ𴲣Ҫʱ䣬ǼѵȻһ
Աޱ򵥳˸ֻȥ˯ˡ
˯ǰޱȻ˵㣬һӦþͺˣһ죬ֱܳе㲻þ
ޱģһۺ˵ģܸտʼΪԼڵʱ䣬ʲôػˡ
˲֪ԭֻһǰ˺ҹ̲Сʱ
Ĭûֱ˵ޱֻԺ𴲣ҴȥȦ
ޱɴ۾ţôο۹ȣڻûõӵģ˯𣿡
ܣҴˡ

ܳҲˡ
Ϊ˵Ҫޱһ°ֱӴˡ
ʱ˵ˣޱѾϴ¥ţܺ˵ҵʱЩƣӴ¿ŴҴ¥
ԭޱ˵Ҳ̫ˣ˵һͺãһˡ
Ц˵ǹ˶ܲζҲڵλ׼ȥ·˵Ҫ㳢͹ˣʡ㵽ʱһˡ
ȥҵȽᡣӭޱԿȥ˳ӳͷҳ˵һˮóȥ
ֻŲ˵ȥ˵ǻ濪ɣȻ￪ˣζɢ
ޱ֪֪ʲôĳζҲðգͰŰʳȥȻѵݸ
̣Ὺ
ǺûһͰˣһİ꣬ⶼͦġ
򿪣ޱŵζòôͷ裬ڸó
ޱתͷſҲˡ
˵סˣᣬɻʣ
ֵ̬ȣϰΪЦŽ˵ϲ˾㣬ϲ˾óҪҪԣ
Ȼԭ֮ǰ԰˵ĳȻ̧ͷ衣
ޱƵ⣬ʣֱӳ𣿡
ԣֱӳԡ˵ţֱ˿⣬ʾųڡ
ޱ⣬һҧ
ܿ죬ޱԼûҪ̫ҧºͷһѹͱҹҲûеĳζ𣬱Ȳۺâ
ޱϵı飬Цʣó԰ɣ
ţóԣޱͷתͷӣǳԲԣ
űӣͷҡø˹һ̽Ų˵һСڡ 
ΪֻǳޱͰԼҧ͵ߣҧһڡһ룬Сһͷóԣ۰Ͱ͵ؿޱĹ⡣
ޱݸĲһ𣿡
ҡͷҲҪ̫ˡ
ðɡޱЩʧûǿתͷ˵ܹǮǮ㡣
á֣ҾǴ㳢ζġ
ҲУܹİ꣬ޱ˵ʣ˶𣿡
ɻʣҹŮԣ˶ԣôˣ
һһ鹻Ļ֣ȥǹǶ԰ô
ȻһϳҲ壬һڴӦɡַһޱ
ûޱҶŴǵͻȥˡ
뿪ûһᣬҲϴֹſڣšüʣģ
԰Բԣޱ͵ǰ
ҡͷԡ
ޱͷһμٴеģ˶˼ǰʣ治ҪܺóԵģر˵ǲǣ
ڰæгյͷţ
ְ̨͵ܵܵĻóģ
˵ǳԾͺá
ûпڸˡޱЦ˵Լϵˡ
ޱ¸ɫĹˣ˵ӣȻ
Ӳ˷ѵ뷨ޱҲôֵģֱӰѹӵ˲յһߡ
ܲܳɡ
Ҳѧѹӵ˵ȻˢϴĲ¥׼˯
¥ˣӼ⣬ܾóĵܵҲǳģǺһ˯
Ҳ̫һ䣬Ϊ͵ܵҲġ
ǾshigG٤ĸʣ˭˯
ԥְְ֣һ˯
ޱתͷܣһ˯
ܣá
ȻޱʵܣҲʵر¶˳ɣޱССһ£Цǣˣ
ˣֹҪ죬졭һڣ˯ǰˮ
κܷʵܹǸУ칩ˣ´νʱ䲻
죬Ҫ֪ܵϢһ
ģҪǿޱʵϲԣдŵ磬ὨԺҪٽˡ
ò׳⣬Ҹ컹գܾͷ˵㣬ֱҹޱܺۡ
һ˯ڶͣޱŹǷ¥Ϳ
ʱܾ͸ܽһ̧ܽˣޱɵ㶵վڿͷ룬ʣˣ
ޱᰡӦҾôʹˣŰ°ɣ
˵ˣˢ˺ü졣
ޱȻ߹ȥŹ⻬İ˵רҵľɻǿ졣
ҵľܣϱ˵öԡ
л˵


29 
ѵôҾ, ټľҲܾ˰ҪļҾ߶ˣһ, һһŷټСʡ
Ҿ߿ͦ࣬ʵֻǴ, һ˸, ׿, һŹ, ˷, ҲܷŵӰ˵ĶĲǸ߿ķ, һܷŲ顣
˵Ŵͷģ߶Ҳ͵ޱϥ, 룬ܷŵС
ֻ¥õĶһ, Ҫ߲, ޱؿˣ㷽һûй, 볨ʽģԷЩСװƷʲôûУҪװҲֻܺá
Ƿ, ޱеСһ, Ҳûô, ͵ޱȡΪñȽϱԷ岻أޱһ˾̧õģÿεϣرѾ
߶ȲһȻҪ´򣬿ǵ߸ߵ͵͵İʻ߰ţֻ˰ͷŰʡ
ȻûʲôɢɢļҾҲ٣̧¥±ʵʵûŵĵطˡ
ǽܺܽûЪţһ˱Ÿ¥ϰᡣ
ܣٰѿеĶŲľͷɳţ¶žɶš
˽ԭеķƵֱ߿Ľߵӿǽţٰ´ķŵм䡣ŲŷķûԵ̫ӵ֮俴ŸЩ
ܺܽæ꣬ޱ˸˱׿᲻øݲ裬ֻȲȲȥ
ӹ豭ܽͷͷˮʣû˰ɣ
ûˡ˵
ޱʣ緹Ҫ³ߣ
ܽ⿴ۣȷз
ޱ˵һȣȷˣ̲ס̧ͷһۡ
һ˵緹˹ģùִܽϽȥ
ܽţǷ޷ҪзҲǲܻȥϱ˵һԼķˡ˵һ仰ͱܸɨسˡ
ѣ
ܽĸпƲûаο˼Ц˵ã˭Ƿ
ܽаɣϱ

ޱˢϴʱܽæȥˡ
Ҳպһ㣬ڳԲҲ޷ᵽʳõֳգͲĻܳԡ
ޱʵôжסУ̲˾ͷ˺üꡣ
ӳԹźķ԰ְֵĳʮǵ˷ʳֻǻòһٷ˭ǰְ֣Ǿͻᰧ裬ǾͻʾҪٳԵ㣬Ѷ¶١
ͨ£Ϊӵڴܻ¶ٷҲˡ
ʾӲ˳ëߣʵĴ۽бҪ
ǼΣٳԵְķʱѧ˳Ĭǽ
緹һ¹ÿ죬ǳԱ˶Ҳ죬ʺϳ緹̫з̫ʱԡ
ܻģΪܺʳߵʳο˸嵰ġ
ټϽ緹Եñƽʱܶ࣬ӶˣرһºڣҽܳԵһͷţ
ޱЦ˵Ǽҿûţԡ
ûޱڶ룬˵ܳԺܶࡣٳһҪ档
Ǽõ룬Ų󣬵СޱһˣҲܳԳţοǸӣƽʱҲС
ޱŵܣֻʢ˰˵ְֻҪԡ
Ȼð治ӷְֵĴͷε˵ðɡȻǿûˣҳԲŶ
ǣܳˡޱ˳˵˾䣬ݸ׼̿ӵܣٸ棿
ֻ׼΢¶ӵܿϱֿӣ˵

ܱΪ¶ǣԼܻԲ£ʵ֤ˡø죬ǳԱлɨ
ʵǸסʱһδɨ֮ػÿɨһΣͷһأǼҿͦɾġ
ޱƽʱĻǱ߽߱ǽǺѹ˼ϴδɨѾһǰ£ʱ䣬ҲúúŪŪˡ
ýգ¼ҾߣղײգޱͶԱңҪܸ
ɨصʱҲûţһ˿СĨߵĲģȻֻǹõλá
ǲޱܻٲһΣܲһܶˣ
ӵΪֵüνæ˺ޱӽеһ𣬸ǰ㹤ʡ
ֵһϲǻйʣ
Ϊޱǰÿη˹ʣؼǮʱ򶼲ܻӣ֪=Ǯ۾
ޱЦŵͷȻ
취ޱС˵ѧģһۿ;ãܵǸɻĻԣᵽǮĲס
ƽʱҲ㻨ǮɢɢÿһһҡӻǮûʲô滮Ǯ־ˣޱǰûʲôã޷ĳԺͥĺҲģֻ㻨Ǯж١
ǸκޱûúǱøãֻǾôһֱûáֱ쿴ɻͻȻ뷨Ͱճ̡
ޱ̧ѹסǵĻǮŵӣ񣬵һһǮֻ棬һǮܹһëǮɳͲ輸ɳķǮ̵Ǯ輸ûУ
˵ˣ
ǲ輸ҲķǮһҲһë
ˣޱӿڴһëֽңֱݸ˵ԺǸɻʾͰ׼㣬ظһεӣ¾shigG٤ֲһΣֻһǮ֪𣿡
ش𣺡֪ˣ
Ǯʲôޱʡ
˵Եģ
˵Ҫ
ޱڣ˳㲻һԵ𣿡
ϣܸܵһԣĻͿ԰ԼȫԵٷָܵˡ
˵ҵһǮм塣
𲻶ʲôǼ壬Ժû˵ˣĿصؿĹʣʹ˵ҲԵˡҲҪѹʴ
죬еĵһʴȻһëǮ

Ѯޱյ˼ĵһţżĹĻһĢɽ䡣
𿪴ֽװСޱ򿪿ˣְ֮ǰⱳĿĢާ⣬вٰӣҷɲᡣ
ӿɶǺöǰζ𣬺߳ԵԣӿŲ࣬ȹӸϡ
輸ɽޱûŷŽ񣬶ǴӶ﷭һֽһһ㣬͹ȥ
ֻĹɽŶ̯࣬͵ÿûˡ
ޱתһ룬׻˵أܶ٣һ⣬Ӧò⣬϶ûɡ
ɽޱֽϣûȥûϰ⣬˶й㲻ڼҡ
һţͿ˲輸ϷŵֽΪޱĳԵģ˲ּ֪ˡ
ܽ⿪ߵˮԣϴֱʣô
ͦõģǡޱŲ˱߱˵
ޱĻ˵ҲţдŵʱǵøŶ
ޱ˵֪ϴдž͸ˡ
ĻشǺ㣬˵дҲҪǵ˵Ŷ
ԴȥһֱڰæӶŵĸ컹̫̫޵ϡﻩģ̫̫ҲۿҪǹŮһҺòžۣ¡
ڵϰޱд˷űƽʱͼζǧǧҪǸţԼ
ԸЩû˼缸ζޱдʱҲ˺ü¡
뵽ǳޱЩε˵дŸǶһòã
һڴӦð
ޱ˵ˣλ˵˸Ϣɩˡ
һЦģǶ粻ø˻ˣ
ǿɲNɪأ޲ھͰѺָȡˡ
ޱֽ꣬ʮʮߡǱָŽӪø̸˴Ű궨ף鵽Ѿ꣬޹ϵһֱܺãûӡ
ֽͷ꣬ĸ̬ãǻᣬԺеǻᡣȥޱӣһ쳤ϴҲճһ֣ĸЩסˣҪûϢ
Ȼĸ̬ȲǿӲû˵Ӿô֮ĻֽѹС
ޱ֪ģǻȥȷ˶û⣬ҽֿ˱еҩǱ߳Աҽ̤ʵ
ҽҩãҲ̬ˣ겻ˡ
ŶӇNɪģЦҡҡͷʣʲôʱģˣ
ޱʱ˵ǳûͲˣ˵ǿ£˼ɩӦиоˣ²ʧûҶ˵ֱҶ緢ֲȥļ顣
˵ǺϢͺá

ԹޱֽСβͳˡ
СβвסޱҪž͸˹Ϊһеۣڵϲ붯Ŀ͸š
Ϊޱһȥܼҡ
ܼŵƣûƳֻ뿪ȥ˼ҡ
ޱʱ䲻ʶľɩ࣬ϵõĸһù˸ʶ˵͵ƣ֮ǰϺʱͨʶˡ
ΪھӣסޱȥľǼҡȴǼҳޱȥԶһҡ
ȥңҾھðԱߡ
ʱҲճϴɾִӳޱЦʣôˣ
Ҽ˰ɽҷװ˵͹ޱ˵óֽɹɵľĢާˣϡ
⻰˵ģĺͶһɽɲ׵ãҼͺһڡк˽
ޱʱ䲻ˣȥϴûɽ࣬˼뿪ˡ
ؼҾܼҵʱޱ߽ԺӺ
εƳúܿ죬ޱ˾䣺ղǲҹң
ޱԵɺ˵Ҹղź˼ûʹȥˡ
˵ޱ˶٣ſĵƹϸϸƵɫʣǳʲô𣿡
򴽣˻˵иҪ
ƻ˼ޱЩ⣺һ
ȻҲݣ׸һ㣬гŻãֻСһЩˡ
Ƶͷ˵һģ쵽ǣ֪ʲôϣ취˸绰֪¡
ޱĬˣ湻µģ֪ôҲǰ֪ͨ˵г̣Ҳĵǵ绰ûͨͷ˵Ҳǹģҷһô֪˳ţҲºӰ·ʧ١
ôݣǰкܹҲԵͻСﲻҲˣѵҲ
ޱʣô죿
˵ֻܰ˽ӹˣвҪ͹ϵǻǱߵսѣд˼䷿ȥ죬ʱ
ǵûֱֶɣҪ̽ףǴҬǣתϴͳ
ܽһزģתԼŪˣսѰæˡ
ʵûʲôڵĵѡ
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30 СѼ
, ܽþ͵ˡ
Ϣޱģ԰ԣ緹ϴʱ, ܽŸĹԼң͸ھֹ
ֻǵΪɷԭ򣬺Χھ࣬˵˵ҲûĳȻ
Ϊޱϵã˵֪, æĻ, ˹, ̽̽Ϣ
ʱޱڵĴӶ¥Ļ, ˵ǻ, ʵϾǸ´, Ϊȱһ飬֮ǰסá
֮ǰסߺĻû, ͸ˡޱȻһֱѻûлshigG٤г, ֪򵽻, ¾ͱ
ֱ£˵˵ʶɩ, ˺ܶ໨ҪҰԸԸꡣ
ޱһ˵, 鷳ԸԸ
, Ӧޱ, Ͼʹ˺ϢԷԸޱԧ
ޱҪģǰ´ڳʺԧ׼ɣȥԷˡ
˵ܽ˸ޱ֪Ӧܱõˡ
ޱʣ֪˭
ޱ֪˵ģԼҪ˵ܽݣ֪ȥ˻ôšΪ֪ΣޱҲû˵̫϶̵ֻܽԱϼҵãǹͣ
ֱӣͦСġ˵԰̵ܽԱǶã
ޱʣããã
һҲǣһñСͻȻʲôҿһģܷģ
ȻޱҲܽü˹Ĵģǰ˵ʲôɲĵģܽ磬˭۸ɣ
ȴ׸磬û軤ţǵÿɩɫӣο⻹׵ġ
֪ޱҪãû⻰˵ڣֻ˳˵ǵҲǣһҲ˵˼˰ɣסѵڵҸ󣿡
ûޱ
ȴԽԽô£˵϶˵治ǵϱĶ࣬δࡣ
ֻб࣬Ů٣бŮڲӣܹ˵ϻ£δһץһѣ⻰˵
ֻޱãû֪֪׵ģ˵ͬͬ磬ҲͬͬУҽЩˣҲܸ
δȻ࣬ĺ˵ͬУͬһʡĶס
ӪϾ˼ľ٣Ѿ飬ҪҸûģ͵ֻǰԷϼңԺô治һ
Ҫ˵ҪڵҲڣ»Ҫˣ˿ˣͷ꣬ԽԽҲûܡ
ޱû˳Ļ˵ΪҶʲôֻĲ²⣬²ҥԵԴͷ
ҥ˵˶ˣҲͳΪеġʵ
ܱһԣԵ޹ʱǧҶԲʲô¡
ޱ⻰ǰ˵˵ˣͷɱ˵˵ֻǵݵģ⻰ҪǴȥֳʲôᣬ˹ﱳϸԶҶ˭á
Ȼ֪ޱ˵ееֹ˵Ҿһ˵ûôذɣ
̬Ⱦǵ͵ʭӲԼϲ֪λ˼
Ҫ˵Ǳˣֻ߲ǰ˵ЩùЩ£ӿڳҲԼš
ڣޱȰһ䣺ֻһ˵˵˶ˣͲһˣڿ𣬻ǣ𣿡
СѧҵڼھɩУѧģҲ㲻Ϻá
ټСѧҵҲû鱾ֶܶѾˣӺΪ˰Ź㾺ϵġ
ޱ˵ȻƫţҲûֻ̫Ҫ棬Ҳ˼ʣ֪֪ˣҲȥ˵𡣡˵ҽ·ˡ
ޱҳȥʱ룬Ļ˵ۣⲻס

극ƾʹСʯͷˡ
ޱտʼΪǳˣӳȥ󣬸Ƶ˱ʣôˣ
ʱñӣġ˵ţִóɫñӵݸޱ㿴ô
ޱһ˵֮ǰ͸ҵǶñӣҶûǮָñӣ⡭Ҳգ
˵ûǮñӼҲûöٲϣһҲûøѧѸߣ˵㻹ѰǴСʯͷҪռˡ
ҲûôչСʯͷҪ˵ĻӦӻޱ˵ѧѾ͸ˣһµʱ䣬ҲŽĸҪȻѧѣʦҲ̫õˡ
ǣû£ҲûǮȻǸһ˭Ҳ˭ˡܽ꣬ñк쿴ñôҪﲻãûȥĸġ
ô˵ޱֻҲһͷȥñӡ
һޱЦˣô뵽ģ
ñӣʽϸޱĲ࣬ΪǸӴģѡɫҪһЩǶɫ
ñӵĻϣһ˫ɫĴ۾ԼȻɫı̫ͣдʵֻܿСѼ
ͯȤ
ޱһϲˣ۾ͣɰ
ޱϲƱ˵ҽǽһԡߵӽнݡ
ȻΪʱ̣֮Ϸûʽʼ̫ң϶ǺҲմ˵ɳ
˺ǽݺޱȥϴ˰Ȳɾˣкñӡ
ñӶԺ˵Ǻģһ۾ϲˣҪ
ޱñӴԴϣͷΧ΢е󣬵û͵סüۣñӱԵҲϸϸ˿̶ԵǶȣӰ·
֣ñӺֻֽס壬ȴѧСѼ·˵¸¸£һֻСѼӡ
ɲ£ñӺֲͣñϵıޱ裬ñǸҵ𣿡
ţñǵ˰ˣ͸ǵġޱͷʣʱӦ˵ʲô
лл˰̡ʱӵǺ롣
Ц˵ǴñӾﲻԸ˵Ҹٸĸġ
ҡͷ˵ø
תͷСʯͷûдñ𣿡
Сʯͷû˵ҧͿ衣
ͷ˵СʯͷñӻûãͿԸһˡ
ŴͣƬʣñʲôʱѽ
˵ɡ
𳤳һժñ˵Ҳˣñˣһ
ҲժñӣҲˣһʱǾֻСѼӣ¸¸£
ѧСѼ·ĸЦģСʯͷ̲סЦصͷ˵ãһ
˵£Ͱñӽˣǣֳȥˡ
ñӣӵıӰƸп˵⺢ӺϸģҲܶ¡
ޱ˵СʯͷҲܶ°shigG٤
ʵܶຢӶռֵüûеڣοСʯͷ衣
ܿóñӵʱСʯͷеίġûпޣҲûзƢڵ˵ñӺѸ˲¡
΢΢ס̶뵽ղŵ£ϴ˵ҿǲܡ
ȥرޱԺӵչˣñӺ˹ȴûȥǵӷ֣ӣУûʱ顣
һοǲûʲôԺͺˡޱο˵ñӿ˵ñ߳ȥʲô󣿡
ȵƿڣޱ˵ӿˣ϶Ľˡ
Цôţ
ôûУ֮ǰҵǶñӣҴȥͷʿɸˣǻҴ֪ģҲŪһ˵ñģǻֹš
ںΪʲôûɣȻޱû˵õ
ҲΪõĸ˵Ű࣬ûôʱӻñӣϲҿԸ
⡭᲻᲻̫ʣϾԼ뵽Ŀʽ
ñӷŵʮܲʲôֻ߷磬ҲҵƵĿʽڹڣñӾر
ʱԾޱŹƾⶥñӣƾ׬һʡ
ʱûзԾסȵĸ￪ţδزܿñ׬Ǯ
Եģڽ̳ȥɩ϶ѧñӵҲԽԽࡣԱʵģЩɩʱܸɷߣҲò˼꣬ⶥñӾͲرˡ
ޱûĸ￪ţֻ˵Ҳˣƿƾⶥñ׬ǮԼڰ߱˿ĺϣٿǿǡ
ȴЦˣ˵ʱ£ǹ磬ôܷſ⣿Ҿһ죬Ҳδܿõ
ܿõأޱʡ
ܿõӦҲڵѡӦ˵ʱҳ
ֻ˸ͷͣסˣЦݽȥͷ˵һ죬Ҳ׬ʲôǮһƽƽģͦá
ޱĬΪʲô뷨
ʵϣǰҲô룬йɷкӣһ˰ȵá
;еǳδƽȵͬʱҲ֪˺ܶδ¡
󣬻ָ߿
󣬸ĸ￪š
һˣӭ
ǵкܶѡ
ЩƲ֪ڵǰȡޱεԭž󣬾Ѿʧȥ˰ȵĻᣬҲˡҰġ
ܻȥϴѧõĹǮ
Ϊ˼ĸı䣬ӵƵñ￴̻ԲŻȥĵԺΪڵѡԿ
ޱֱӸߵδı仯ֻѣһı뷨ô죿
Ҹı뷨ӦҲڡ
⼸ñӣʵǵƸǰĻģЩҲΪģϲѡ
ѧϳʱǼҴѾ̫ãΪ׿ǣĸͣ˻滭Ϊѡ˸׵ĵ·
ʵ֤ĸǶԵģѧȥϸпѧ˶ʼһϾŵñӿ϶ܲˡȻҲǣӻȥ
ΪڰȵѾûʣﻹϲΪŽϲʼӡ
·ЬӣûӣͷҼһ漸ŻӡɷֲãûӶЩҲʲô⡣
ȻЩʽԺĿһһΪڵѡڻĵزҲ̫ɱˡ
ޱЦˣ˵ҲǣȥǣѧҾ㡣
Ƶͷá
̸£ޱӵСѼñװʣ˵̵ܽԱıùˣ
˵ƴʡ
ޱʵϴʱ򿴵ܽӱûؼңҴ̽Ĳ²Ҳ˵ˡ
ޱ˵ЩֻѵƣȻʱ˵֪˲˵һͺܷܣȻûȥ
ؼҺϸ룬ѡĬȻãҪ˵ˣǰ֪ҲиӦԣϾݡ
˭֪ʲôû˵Ǳ飬ܲѰ
ޱֱʲô£˱ղ˵Ļԥʣ̵ܽԱιΪҶɣ
ɳĬţǰ輸Ϸŵ´ɱ͵ͣסŻز輸˵ⷽ뷨ҲȫΪġ
Ȼ¶ˣ
ޱզ̲࣬ס˵Ȼ࣬ĺŮ޹ȥ
ˣǾǡ
˹ˣټôˣһҲܽ裬ֻ̾˿˵ҲǱƵû취ˡ
л˵


31 °
ܽճ, Ϊеڰˣ͵˳°֡
㣬ɱͷǿˡΪǼͷһ, ǿ˸֣ӻӶ㿪ʼͲˣһ·淣˸ܵܡ
Ϊͷи, °óû֡¼ҹŮ, бǰ, СŮڼҲô, Ҳû, ǰðõؽš
еþ, þͳ֣ǻҲûġ
ļͥ, ǱŮ, ݶ硣
͸ӳͳ, òͬ°ôСȵϡ࣬Ǹ绻ľ·, Աͬ
米ȥѧʱ򣬳°ѾѧϴιѼ, ٴһ, ߰ʱ, Ϳʼͽһµˡ
ֻ°ÿҲڴӼܳϾͥӺ͹Ůǲһġ
ֻǴŮҲ᲻ŮڻϣᾡŮõɷ
°øĸΪŮѡɷûȡڵʱļͥԼߵ͡
ʱӹȥĹȥҪܲ㱦ӵ㣬Ҳ񶼸òĻҲԸŮģɷ
ʱҪǮǾ͹ܲôˣֻҪߣ¹ܺõĻģ彡ȫĻвȱģǶܵͷ
°㣬ǰΪ˵ʱıСûô໨ǮĵطԼ޵û⣬ֻĽΪúÿڴǶУԸ߶Ҳ޵ò
ʣµ㣬һϱС˸ͷһshigG٤ϼ﷭޷ݣ˸ȽŲȳӡң˵ʱϱǣΪйϵ޸˸ɵӡ
Ȼ°Ҳûö٣Ȼû䣬˭ñ˸ءΪ˶ӵĲ񣬳°ûʮ˾ͱ¡
ԷϿŻͦãɲͥԼҲǹӪʽûȳ°ô꣬Ŷʮ壬Ȼһλ飬ǰһλֻһǰ޾ȥˣҲûӣһࡣ
°øտʼҲû룬ΪԼڱˣ¸նţ˵бǰ޾ΪܲĶ벻˻źũҩġ
տʼ°ûţΪµľǰ޵ļˡ
Ҳɵ޵Σ˵ȲôܸɣҲĽôƯũ廧ڣƾʲôһӪʽôǮȢ
󣬳°Ѿ߰˷֣Ǵ˼룬ҲҸ߸ĸ͵͵ȥĽæ
ȻĽƢңΪ費ѹŮ˿ˡõģûֱӾͰɷлؼңȥڹ
һ°þͳˡ
ǶǰޣȷʵܲŹũҩɱġ
ǰʵڹϰ࣬鷢ǰ޼˾ͰˣΪǰǺũҩģŹһûУֻǴӻصλ˹Ӫ
ӪƢ˺ܶ࣬ʱ䳤ˣҲ£ֱڵλ˸
մʱ˻úõģװһʱװһд˷ڽǣƢ͸˶Էһơ
ǶҲǼųģʱͲϸˣҪ֡
ԽԽףݱ˵Ź
ǹﱻ򵽹ְۣˡͬʱЩ챻ĹҲ˳
ƽ¡
ƽˣƢսĶӣҲȥʹ˵¡
ܾöǰǺõģȫΪһϱûȢá˵Ȣϱӣͻĺá
Щºͳˣﵫ۹Ů˼ңýˣһӦǰ˴ȥ
ڣǲòͷܱũҡ
һңҵ˳°á
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ޱ̲ס˵Ľͦ˼
Ƶͷ˵ǰ˵ģĽСʹֻǼŶӣû顣
û飬ӣҲ̫ޱ˵ʣǳ°ô⣿
˵⻹Ľġ
Ľ㣬Ҳǳ淣һͨ󣬻˵ҪŪ֪֪£ȥ˵˸⣬̽̽ڷ磬ɵ㶵ǰԼˡ
°Ȼ⣬ʤȥôһ̽ͳЪָǵ˼
ԭ費֪зǰޣ˶Ҫ˲ٲ£ǵ̬ȻܽΪ֡ûţ
°þˡ
Ҳ֪ԼȥĽˣæø⡣
Ľİ취ǰ͵ޱ־е⣬˵԰ס궼ҪţһҴԶǴ쵼֪ܲͨ迪ţ֪ͨ裬֪Ҫӻ飬ɿڷ
Ƶͷ˵ǳĽģҲɷȥġǸüҴӵ쵼˵绰˵˰õ£ͰϾľֻµҪţи㡣
ޱţǴ쵼ʲôûȷϣǵĻ
ĽɷһӣǴǡƽ˵ɷǼﳤӣڴӵ˸Сӳ
ޱȻֻг°ýȥţĽ㳶ǹ죬Ǵ쵼ҲδػĻɷ飬Ͳһˡ
һǱԱһǸڴǡСӳԼһλӪ̵ԱɵӶ֪ôѡ
ޱٴθпλĽ㣬Ǹ
пޱʣĽ͹ΪǸҸ󣿡
ޱûʳ°ΪʲôϼҶûҪʣǶ׵ˣҶǸڹ쵼һĸȢ
һˣΪʲôȢ°ã
иɵ󵨣ں°һżֵ£ĸѪĳ̶ȣۿֵĸ߶ˣ׷Źǣ
ܵġ
ϼң°·ߡ
࣬Ƶͷ󣬰Ľ˸绰˵ԣ취ڵ˵¡
Ľԭô˵ģöãʵϸɣûû裬ǰ׾Уš
ܽ˳Ľ뺷ġûû衱Ҳ˺һᡣ
ޱҲĬƬ̣ʣӻԷܾưոݣһҹô죿᲻ǣܣ
Ǽ˲õģԼӱͲףҴҹڰõ裬һûأҹļҲ󡣶ҾҹҲû£д̽׵Ľҹġ
°ų¼ڴӿĽţҹģƷƣ°õҲûá
°ԼҲ̫ģˣԳ°ûΪɣҪ˵µ¡
ʱ°Ѿ͸ˣΪһˣȨԼȥ֮ǰµ£ҲᣬǻΪɾܾϼСطû˹£˲ӾͲһˡ
ƻ˼ޱʣѾ³°ˣ
˵ҸˣǼסţ˵ݵģˣٿǸ˵£˸仧Լ֡
°òǾ䲻˲Ӽ廧Ʒֻ취䵽ܱߴȥ
һһûֲ֪꣬࣬иڣ仧ܱߴҲ̫ס¸ᣬ̫С˵Ҳ᲻˻顣
ҵ˽ﻹȳ°»ˣȥ˵ףʱ˵û
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32 Ʒ
ޱֱȥ, ˵˵Ըñӵ£벻ѧ
ϲ⣬ȻӦ
ʣھȥҵͬ־ѧ𣿡
ϢͨЩ, ˵С˼ǲˣʱ𣿡
Ҳʣǲǵ׼׼ߣ
ޱش˵˽ôģѧȥǿʽȷԼҪʲôñӺȥ׼, shigG٤ʱ, ҲԳȥ
󶼾ãھ͹ȥ
ޱ˵ȥ, 翴綨
Ȼ˵ѽ, û˼, ·ȥ˹, ˵ˮȥ
ˮҲ棬Ĳ֮ѡ
ޱȥ֮ǰ, ͸˵£˿ĸһ, Ʋ, 㶵û
Ҳû̫ãк˽ȥʱ˵ˣʲô
оһ, Ц˵ǹʱ˳ģҲûƶ١
ԲûЦǴҵٵ˼Ҷ߳ɸȱ, ˳·
ûڲ̨, ֻЦ˵ǰ˰ʦÿͷ, ø·׼·ЬӣǲҸǰ˱ȣȻѧȻܿ
Цûһ֮ʦǵһñ֮ʦ
˵ĵһæ˵Ҳңⶥǻཻҿ㲻ʦ
ˣҲƶˣ˽Ƥٿȥò֪ôˡޱ˵Ŷ˿ڣҿһȦʣòڼң
ƽ˵Сʯͷ˵Ҫȥɳ̲Ǳ棬Ҳģðøȥš
þǼǹʣôһ˹ģ
ԣǰҵıãΪеڰˣͽг°ˡƽ꣬̾˿˵⺢డͰѳ°ϼҶ¸˵ˡ
ûȫʵ˵ֻ˵°õû¶˲֪еĲãұǰޡ
°õȻеṴ̊ͼ񣬵۹ŮģԴ󣬾ǼסֻǼҵ趼Ǹɲƴû˳ɷ˹Ů뵽Ǽ˹Ʋ֣Ҵӿ˽ţѳ°͵ܼˡ
ô˵Ϊ˸°õ迪ѣ°õĸΣҹǹմ°ãҲռ۸ߵء
ϾǰŰѹŮȴ˵ǹմ⡭е˰ɡ
ڳ°õ᲻£ƲôģҪ֪°нŵġ
¼ڴӸҸһδ￪ţȥͶݣ˵ûͷ˭ţ
ʵ¼ڴӵĴӲȥ𰸿϶Ҳǳ°õ֪£ͷǲſĽš
ڳ°õô£ȴ۰ŮĺӦûţҲǹ
Ľûʲôȫ£õļͥӣԽԽݵ
Եƾãļܾͥ͸Ͻܣȥ̣ԼӹˣʲôҪ
˵°õĺûǾܷŹ°ãǿֵ̫ˡ
ǲϷŹ°ţеĺȻȻͱˣ֮°ڱ˺󣬻ŸҲȻͬʱҪϾϵҲЩ
˺ǳ°õ裬ӳԶ˵ȴǸ°ƽ˵·
ֵá
ҵҲûһ˵°õĺûŮΪ߶ż޹Ů¡
˴󣬶Գ°õĸйٶЩӣȻˣҪ̰񣬳°Ҳñݵ
ڳ°ã򶼾ͦ
ţ°ôźǻˡ
°øͷߣһͷϷ˵ϸߣҲر𰫡ֻΪӪ˿žЩݰͰ͵أŲʮ꣬ʮС
ȻۣϾǾµģؼҶȻôİҲûӳΪֻ֪֣¶Цݳҵͷ
Ӧ죬Цǰðɣ澫񣡡
ΪǴɳ̲Եȥԡϴְ֣ܡŴҵĽܣ°ðˡ
ϷʮﲻͬܶطķԸͨȫ£˿ܺõ㣬˿ڻӶ࣬оõͨһҲ˵ͨʱ򣬵˵ʱЩɬ
°þ˵ͨڵһһģ׼ǿ϶ģó˵ʱҲЩ˼΢΢졣
˵ʱŴҲžͺܴ󷽡
ϻ˵Ⱥ֣ޱԸƣҲԸȻвͬ˶ܺ
ǲûΪ°ͨþͿ󷽣ЦŸкλø¡
º󣬼ûų°õĹȥʸֻͣЦϰϰߡ
ϵʵ˵ݵϵ°üҲϸ򶼲ࡣ
°ϼȻٺڵĴ뺣ʵе룬ũҵӡǰûϴͿʼΣӴʱ·бģ˯һŻ
δڳ˶йޱͲ˵ˣ졣
ޱ࣬ϼҶڳߣǰͨƽ˾ܸȫͬʱٶеΡ
ҵδγΡƫƫϼʡģ˵Ǵϱߡ
ʡǣһ·תһڣҲһڡΪϴõ㣬µøˡ
ΪδγԴϣҲûȥ
˵ˣ˵ְ뿪ݵⱲӾʹˡ
ޱ˱Ц˵㻰ɱ˵̫磬ԺĽͨ߸죬ҲΣѵҲȥ磿
һܲΣôõĽͨߣ󲻳
ޱʣΪʲôûУһǰǳҪȣٺõҲ⳵ڳִŶзɻôȷٹʮ꣬ϸĽͨߣ
ǳܵɣҡͷ˵δ
һƼչˣܲ
ʣǻʲô
ޱ뵽ԭļʮ磬գգ۾˵˵죬޽ɻǶɻȥء
ɴ۾˵ɻζô룡
ޱû磬ֻЦ˵ǵſûһˡ
ѹ󣬵¥ѻ˻ıʼǱ
ıʼǱһֱõģǸޱúҳĿձʼǱܻñӻҿ
ΪҪѧãÿһ໭ǶȣϸҲϸһǲƵˣͼҲ׸߰˰ˡ
ڳȻûѧƣ·ЬӶһ㣬򵥻ܿԿͼõƶིǾͲˡ
׹ǲס̾Ҳ̫ˣרѧɣ
ûţ˵ǰѧ滭
ʣôˣ
shigG٤⻰ճڣͱø첲ײһ£ܿ췴Ӧ˵Ǹҡ
û£ȥˣЦЦʣǿһҲϲҸҲһ
°æ֣ãƽʱɻûñӡ
ǰûԺҲܴ˵ѡһɣ͵ȥ𡣡
°òŤŤˣ룬ʣɩñԼ𣿡
ЦȻԡ
ȻƸѡ񣬵ֻѡ˱ĿѡĻޱ֮ǰñӺÿѡͬ
°ñŴѡģƾһʺ͵Сӽ飬͸ĳ˵ʽ
ÿʽһøȥ׼ϡ
ȻñֻҪϡԼϸ˿ϣ߸ҶУع⣬Ϻ˿Ҫȥ
ʱѾ磬ȥ϶˼һͰյг̸ˡ

Ϊ輸˵Ŀڣ°ͶԭԴһȥ۶ûţ֪Ķ˵ˡ
㷢һʱ䣬ؼ֪˳°õΪͬ顣
ͬģȻҲվ˵ۣվڵƸߵָ°òӻˣе͡
ĸ̸ʱޱԺ°˵
°ڿˣסܼҺ󣬾ϴչСʯͷĹ
°ԸɣƾˣȻԸ°ãûҸš׶׳̫ãװ˼󣬵ƽĶԴ
Ҳûɻķ㹤ʡͷ뱣ķÿʮʮ岻ȣ°ðߵ㣬ÿʮ飬һٸһ·ܿˡ
ȻҲ°˵ˣ˵Ǯǹʣֻ˵Ǹɩ㻨ǮҲֻסݡ
Ͼɷ֣µøע⡣
°ñĶӦˣǲҪǮõƷԸðŷҪǮҲ̫ˡ
ƼСѾͷķ涼ͦͷû취ֻðǮ˵Ǯȸţ鶨ˣһԸ㡣
°ϴ⣬˵ǮңҲҪǮġ
Ǿ͵ױ˵°ûҪ죬ɫһ˵¾ôˣ˵Ҫ˰
°ֻõͷ̲סֹ˵ûˣϸŸǮ
ƣ⵹ùӣ

ȻޱжΣɳ°öˣСʯͷȻפҡСʯͷһģ˸βͣ°á
û취ﺢô࣬Сʯͷĺȴֵֻ
ҲһΪͬ˫̥üһģһϵǻÿ춼кǡ
Ϊ棬ǰǵϡһһϷʱԸǵȴࡣ
ֵﻹеģرʯǵʱһֱͬ亢еϴ󣬾˵ûһӦĳ̶ȣҲʮСܡ
ϵǿҲˣҲˣϷʱȴСϴ
ܴ裡
Ϊܴ죬¶ģԺЩҲҪˡ
ûܴ죬ǲϲ˸ϡһǻϲֶţܷ
֮ԭʲôĿǰ˵Сʯͷ֮С廹Ǻȹ̵ġ
Գ°һûסСʯͷޱˣޱҲһһֵȥͷˡ
ΪǵĻޱͳ°ҲܿϤ
Ϥޱ;ó°治ܲҲԲĹ
ڱĸͶݺûлججԹˣǺܿȼ˶ĿйȻеƵҲҪ
ޱ룬°ܱԣԺӦûò
ţޱԺָɣЩ˰СС;ѧ˲Ҫ趨õ£˵޾ͲˡҾ˹ˣȥˣй㵹ǱӦ
°پ£˵ҲֻǸʮСĻʱͱסۿ
ԺŵɩҲסˣû뵽ôˡ
Ҫ֪ڼסţ̧ͷͷ˵ٻ˼ŵ㡣Ȼ°òǾɩܽô˵磬ɮ濴档
°úۿǳһ˿Ц̧˵ȻףǼҵˣܶԷʲôü޹ȥҲʱˣ缸ʮ꣬׻ӻģץȥҲҪĭ
ޱ̲סˣΪԼ޳ҧס촽ĳ°õļվ˵е˰ԼԴʮ˲Ų;ñҲӦøһƷ
ɫһڣ˵Ҹʲô°
ôûҵ£ղ˵ģǽǱĭҪ֪ĻΪǹҷɶǰ裬ɱ˾ɱأޱ˵㻹Ǹɩ˼ûо͸ʴʣǾɩȺĨڣ
ˣҲװһָ°ʣ㶼ֽǰ޾ӻļǱΪˣ˼˵ҸɩȺĨڣ
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33 
, ޱɫ΢˵ýǰ˾ӻ飬㣬㶮ʲôл𣿡
˸˵ôͲˣ˾ϯ֤, ˴յһӣǻ𣿡
ޱȴûİۣʣ֪֪֤Ըĸ֣㻹֪֪䷢֤÷ϻڽع涨֪ڽع涨ʲô𣿡
֪Щʮ, Ϳν֤һ֤ʱ, ʱûؼҾ, һξǰ, Ҳͷ, ûϸ
Ը顱ĸеӡ, ʲôʲôڽع涨治
ΪޱڳûĻ, ɫһ˵ٸҳЩǲ֪ʲô涨, ֪ҪԶ, ˶ַھǲԣ
㲻֪㣡
ȣһ, ϳǿȡŮĮŮķ⽨ƶȡʵŮɣһһޣŮȨƽ, ŮŮϷƶȡ
, 涨, жʮ꣬Ůʮ꣬ʼý顣
°øĸΪµ£ǸĸµģĮŮİ£˷Ըң°øʮߣռȶʱ飬ʱ϶ʮˣ
ɴ˿ɼ׮Υ˳°ø˵ԸΥˡڽع涨ĻȲҲϷ
ȻǴģǰΪʲôҪ׮£
ϣ°ǴshigG٤ܺߣĸǸνĶһӣһ֪ԷţΪ˲ӦŮ޹ȥһ֪Լ⣬Һùӣѳ°õ˿
Ҫ˵°ӵúãӵ͸ǹҧȥ
Ȼޱɤû󣬵һ㶼ˣҪġݸһʱ֪ô졣
ȻԷɻĴ澴ηģҲԼ˵ͺ죬ޱһñӿԲ˶ߡ
ֻǾô³ˣģԽһת˵ԸģԸİɣǰΪǮ˹ŮԸô׮£ְѹŮǵڻ飬ⲻˣҿ˼⡣
ӳ°õ֣ᣬ֤ǰĻû˵ûʳޱǣǱΪһѣ
䣬ޱžžͬ־ĻҷǳͬøĸŮԸ׵Ϊǳȡ˷ɣ˼⣡ֻ밡⻰˵ûãø˵Ľ̻ܸǣ
ޱⷬŪ˵ֲڵϡ
ڲڵʲôϵϼϵģسѼϳסʮ鹻˰ɣٲȻ绰øˣַʽҰˡ
ԭޱѧ˺ܶ´ʻ㣬֣úʺϸ
Ȼڵûռܺ߸̸۵Ϊֵľֵ쾡¡
⣬ͨӲֻס۸۵㣬ӲӾˡ
Ҳһǰ˵°õʱһһ䡣ޱ˵Ǯȥҳ°øĸۣͲҿˡ
뵽ޱЦ˵Ұˣó°øĸʶһרŸ죬һд·ƽεʿҲһд˵룬Ҹɣᱲ֮ģͬ־㿴ʲôʱпգʱȥ㣿
ȻޱϴЦ˵Ҫ죬ֲɵôĳɫӲ˵ûң˵ⶼǵļ£Ҹ˲ͽȥʲô
ͬ־㻹֪ԼǸ˰ǰЩһΪǸұأ
ޱȣصء

Ȼޱϰڼ䳳üܣʱԼԺкüɩڣ´úܿ죬ЩйĻһ˵¡
ܾսͱ֪ޱֳˡ
ﵣģ˵һ·ܻģȿޱϺúõģǴܲ˿ôᳳ
ޱһ˵ˡ
ô˵ǰ緢һһʮ˵ˡ
˵ţƷų°ùˣҲһؼͱ˸֪ޱ͸Ϊ°óˡ
ΪµˣҲ˵֪µģ˵ʱɲ꣬Ȼؼʹ°ã֪׷ʲô
ǲȳԷǾʹų°ùлˡ
лޱܽûֱӻȥǽŲһȥ˸Լҡ
׻˵ɮ濴棬֪°ãЩֵĻҪʲô˵Ҳ̫ˡ
Լղ̫á
ԷҲһ˵£֪ϱεòޱǣ˸ܽãʱһͷ
ƫԼд˵ޱ֪죬Ƕ˼ʲô˲ģǸ°ãʵʵʵϼթúܣ˵ôʵôһ
ԷԽԽջ̧ˣ
һȻֹ
ܿӦøȥҸʲôѵ˵˵ҳô󣬾ûŮӻ飬°ô£ƾʲô˵ˣ
ŷӦԼȫǱޱƽȥˡ
ͷ̸ۼޣ˭ĸţޱô˵񲻸ǰ˵°ҪǲԸ⣬Ϊʲô֮ǰܣǵ¶ˣڼ·
ڳ°ûʮ£ڸҲ⣬Ȱƣ֤ͳˣͷũö඼ôġ
ѡ°ǸνмұţԼȰ֤ʵʱ°ҲûЩº󣬸ԽԽԼû
ŸβģԷۣҪڸͿܽԺӣ˵˾䡰Ҵ˵ͳȥˡ
Ϊ֪緢£ܽһۣԷͲµ߲ơ
ȻܽʣҹʣԸųǲǶʲô
Է²˵ܶʲôôô룿
Ҳòô룬øϣûͬ־ΪʲôͻȻ۸ӣô
ǰԴǵܽԷʮͷæ˵ˣҶûʲô۸¸ָʹġʵϣҲΪ¸ܣұ֤һٸú̸̸ȥͬ־Ǹ㿴в
ܽʣ˵ͬ־Ҳޱͬ־Ǹ
Է岻ԣͷ˵ôһ¡
ͬ־Ϊ뵽һ仰ϴڸġ
ԷɫôӲܽԹ˵ԸųֱӸ˵ɣǷ˭ܳûϵҼ˾ǲС´Σ㼶ߣҲһ浽쵼ǻҹӦ֪Ҹɵó¡
Է嵱Ȼ֪ܸܽɵó¡
֥ɷʦί˵ܽͷ˾Ķͷ˾ֻǶΪϱΣ͸ֱӸ浽
ԼֻǸųܽôܻ£ǾǸӣ
Էʱɫ̫ãƫƫ˵ңŸӪ̵Ա
ָŸ˵ǣͣǸҪռҲͲ˵ˣ㵹ãµ㣬ûĻ㣡㻹˼˵Ҹ˵Ҳ룬ô¾ȥӲ𣿡
ԷͷһѸñŤʣԷ壡ʲô˼
Էøȥʲô˼Ժٳţ£𣿡
꣬ԷһѳװӣϵĲź˰裬תͷ˵Ů˵ֻǸũûûһ·ߵڲסҲָҸҴʲôô£ٵˣô򵥵Ҫ󣬶˵ô𣿡
㶵ؿţʲôû˵
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34 ѽ
ޱճ, Ǿ͹ˣΪ˴¡
ʵ洫Ĳ࣬Ҫޱظ, ֻǲһЩʱϸڣ˳ѳԷʱܽҹԷ¸˵ˡ
ʣ֪˾shigG٤ʲô𣿡
еԶòǺޱ˵̵ܽԱ˵, Ըŷ, ˡ
ɻʣԸŶ̵ܽԱβǸ𣿡
һص˵ԸŶ̵ܽԱûһ, ƿ϶, κ, ϶ҲǺˡ
̵ܽԱΪʲôô˵ʡ
ҲΪ˱ԸøǿӲֶȥԼ
ʵǰҶԸӡ󶼻, һסԶƽʱô򽻵Ǹе㿴²˵, ɷ򼶱ߣǾð, Ǵ򽻵ʱ, ͱȶű˿㡣
״Ǽ£Ҷӡ»ء
䷢ڽǱǺ£ϾھӲ, ɸģھ֮Ըϲϣȫ¡ٲԸ, Ҳû˻һԲϱ״, ϾԺҪ򽻵
, Ȼڱʹӣɴ˿ɼжر
Ȼޱ͸ܣ°ǵԸСۣ϶ƶǺˡ
ƫƫƺͳ°ãһɷֲãһǾϸ׳ԿΪ˱ǣֻܽܰŮ֮ìܣתԷ֮ìܡ
ֻ֮Ҫҵƺͳ°鷳͵Է忴ʹ촦
ȻԷ弶ܽߣҲǸųܽҪģҲѲƤ
ʹǰ;ԷûʲôҰģùҹҲˣҪٽһ϶취Լ
ԷҰ
ȻУһѧߣûʲôũƾʲôڵλã
ĽͣʾɣԸųܹܵס𣿡
ܹһʱһʱ£ٶڣӦòˡתޱҸԼҾ͸С·ƽʱǵע㡣
ޱЦЦ˵Ѿעˣеֱ泳Ҳ
ǣֽսܸܵģ˵żģ̾˿ϧ֪µʱѾˣȻ϶ҪĦĦֽʱ̡
ޱȤܲˣ˵㹻˰
ԡϴ߳⻰ʣʲôˣ
ޱһ˵ûʲôæģùǡ
Ŷȥ·ˡ
Ա߿ţͻȻЦҲֹЦҲ𴽽ǣޱЩĪЦʲô
һʣˣЦøˡ
ޱֻ˵ǹ˰л˵ٸҴա
ˣ˵˵æЦ˵Ҹղֻ룬ȻûսģٿڸӪǰж硭ѧޱæģùǵġѧܣŶ
ѧٱסЦ٩ޱͬ־
ޱЦҲ̫˵ɡ
ҪǷǿ˵
˵ûûʱҾͼڸӪüΣͦǿ߯࣬ʱ룬ӣϱѹö󰡣
ޱ̿˵ôš
Ȥ˵֮ҵȷˣϾܰҲҪֵĸƿԵŮˣʰڸӪֽˣǲֵ
Ȥûǲޱװ
ˣģģһ˵ۼ֮ǰûϱǰġ
ޱ˵һӦõѵǰͷһ
룬ҡͷ治һ
ǲᡭ
û˵꣬ޱĥ˵ǰǷˣ

ǹʱʱѾˣﻹһѼʲôǾ͸Իؼˡ
뿪ǰȥϵ£ʣȥȥ
ޱ˵ҶУʱ䡣
ҲУҪԷ𣿻궫ͻʡ
Ϊ֮ǰֻ˵ȥñӵĲϣԼ˶ûǹ¡㿴ҿ㣬ŶԷ
֣ԷҲ԰ﻹмҵӰԺ˲µӰʱ㣬ҲǿԿӰٻ
Щɣ￴ӰԷǺô죿
˵˲ᣬܻ°ɣٲ࣬һ٣жίǣޱô롣
ûʲô⡣ڼҵʱ򣬵ҲٻһٷӶϰˡ
Ҳ˵Ҳûʲô⡣
Ƕһᣬͷ˵ǾɣǲǻƺͰã
򵥣Ǵ˳һ¾ˡ˵յг̾ҪӰӳԷɣ
ޱ䣺ҪϣӦȥ
ͣûºҪˣǵʱȿӰٳԷȳԷٿӰ
ԷͿӰ˳ǺҪģǰߣζǵţһ㡣Ǻߣ˯𣬻Ҳ㡣
˵ǵɣ컹һ죬ٶгҲ١һʱʲôʣҲǰ׼
˵ͷ˵У˵
˵ޱǳȥԶתݽù´ɱõˮϴ
ϴٻݵʱҲϴԡҳˡϴͷȻǰ磬ʪģԳʱëš
ޱ´ɱȥ˰ʣǶȥˣ
ȥˡޱߵǰ´ɱŽȥ˵ˣ˵ȥ棿
ɻ󣺡֮ǰ˵𣿡
֮ǰ˵ȥñõĲϣͻܾһСʱ
üڣ
˵ȥӰ緹ҲԣҪʱ䡣ޱתͷһ֣صԣͽˡ
ܴûʲô˵ǣǻûȥӰ
ޱϵʱ˾˵ȥӰǴǸȥر𲻴ɣӰԺ豸ϣԭĵӰͳͳȡָʱ䲻
æټܳ£˶ûȥɵӰ
ͱˡ
Ϊûʲô飬˵ʱҲƽޱտʼûԣ˵ǲʱ䲻뿴Ļȥáԣתܣ㡭ǳԴ˰ɣ
ûС
ʸڷϣܴȵرʾȥɣú棬һչ˺𡣡
ûУޱɡ
һٴҡͷûС
ޱ¶ʧðɣȻûоˣһԴˣҪҪοһء˵Ҫʰ·ȥϴ衣
ûͱקס׼ôοң
ޱɻʣ㲻ûԴ𣿡
治ľshigG٤ɫ˵ղûУ뻹еԴףϵһȥӰȻǸһ𡣡
ޱ˵ţӲͷܹԣ΢΢´ȥӰòã
ܺ˶á
ޱһûüջ֣ͱܸסˣòҡ
ͳȵĴϡ
ͼޱæˣŻš
ȴû棬ϣ׽ȦڶԼ䣬˵û£ϲ˹ߡ
Ǽλڼſڻ˾ĲܾޱҶҪϴϴ˯ˣû˻ڵϹš
ôһ룬˵ĺûë
ޱ˼ţͷǣֱһ𡪡
ѽ
ޱæƿܣ˳ԴȥͿվ¥ݿڣ˫ֿŵס۾
ޱҪ۾棬ָôڸʲô
л˵
ҿˣû
һ


35 س
˵ҪȥӰ, һȥ
Ҫ̫СӼ˶Ҫ߰Сʱܵ, ų̿϶Ҫ˵ҪҪޱһˣùӣҪ鷳˰æ, ־ò˼
Ͼǳȥ, ϺӾûˡ
ǹ, ޱǾ, Ҳ֤, ĩҪû, ȫһȥӰ
ȻÿһϢಹݣӪµĻ, ϢУҲصӪﴦ
ںǰ, ޱҰѻ˵̫
ûô, ֪ȥӰ͸ˡ
ʵҲûϲӰͷŵĿûʲôƬӰ, ˿ã˵еˣҪǿ
ȥӰ, Ҫȥ֡
ǰ޷ĳŹһ¶Ӱ, Ͽ˵ȫԺ, õķӳ
ȻͷϽ⣬㲻þͻᱻͶץͷҲûȫһУߣƵ¾ӪͲץ㡣
⼸ܵ΢˵㣬еĵط¿˼УũܰѼʳȥһЩԵõĹҵƷ΢һ
ˣżһ죬ûʲô˻ܡ
гԵģкȵģкܶͬС飬ֵ˵ˣڶǲŻΪȥӰˡ
ޱãȥ˵ӰԺֵ˳ɻʧ
ȥӰԺӰ˴ǳˣǲ֣ҹӰ˳֣˳ֹ
ǮĹڣԹӰҪȻһ㡣
ֵ˵ӰԺûеͬ亢ӣڷӳܡ쵹ܳԣȻӰԺûģǿԴԵĽȥ
ֻǲôԺǶԣȥӰԺ϶ûڼԺ￴ӰȤ
ޱûֵȴԤ룬ϾЩ£ĸ˵һǧһҲ
Ϊ֪ŵʱܵĵӰԺ֮гڴޱ˵ȸһȥٸһŶ
ⷬǲС˼ģ裬ҪΪǿ˵Ӱ˼Ķӡ
ޱ裬ܿӵСĻЦ˵ģһ͵ܵȥӰġ
ӴƱޱʹñӣŰˡ
˵ǰʵǸװĲ米ģʽûʲôϡ棬ӷرʮĶװޱ֮ǰװˮ
ޱǲ뱳ŵģ̫ˣȹпڴһиԹϵǮ㡣
ٳޱָ⣬ҪҪǹ乩ʱóԵģҲдװ
źޱȥܼҽеƺͳ°á
˶Ѿʰãޱʹˣſ·ߡ
ߵſڣԶԶޱͿˣ߹ȥʣȶˣ
㣬Ǿͱӡָ˵
Ц˵Ҫǹ£ǰˡӹٻؼң͵ſڵˣҲûȶãʮӰɡ
ѹ󣬼˱ȥ
ȥһֱ··ȫǺש߷硢ƷӦվ߹ש߾ɫͻ·߶ӲݣӲݹȥ֡
ߴ߰˷ӣǰһʮ·ڣҵӣҪϺҲ·ȥǾӪҽԺҲߡ
ֱС
Ӽ·Զһ߻Щ˶˵˵ЦЦʱ͹úܿ졣
سޱϻģ·˲٣Ҳ㲻֡
ӰԺúܶ࣬ѵµӰӳƱųӡޱ˹ȥŶӣȥǰ濴ۣ˵һʮһ㿪ʼҪŵһԺҪ𣿡
ûбĳ𣿡ޱʡ
Ÿʾд˵ĳһŵӿʼŵʮʮӰˣڽȥҲʲôһ뿪ʼţŵ࣬һŵࡣ
һ˵һ϶У̫ˣǻûȥ
һһӪ껹з˹Ӧ𣿡ʡ
سǾһҹӪ꣬ÿʮ㣬㣬ʼӦƷسȻ󣬵ô˵ǳûǮ¹ӵ治٣ջãջһ㣬Ʒ͹Ӧˡ
ޱ˵ҪǿһǳƱȥӦѶ룬ʱ䣬ȥ䣬ʮȥԷ꿴Ӱô
ѵó棬ɲŶӻȥæ˵ҿС
ͷ˾Ͷͬޱ飬һĵӰƱ
Ϊе㳤Ʊ˶ʮӣȼ˴ӵӰԺʱѾʮ롣ʱ䣬Цղǻ궫ȥתתڿе࣬궫ҲöתˣֱȥӪŶӰɡ
Ϲ̻˳ʽ϶Уֻˡ
ֻñӣҪĲϲ࣬鷳ۻԱóС飬Է̬ȾЩͷ߲òϱֹ٣ƨ¶࣡
ϵͱŵ˻عϰ࣬λҲۻԱϲݹҲʱԼҪΪģϸںÿ˿ͶЦӭ
ˣӽ磬ߵϹ̨ǰԷ˿ͣڵϣڳһģɫͲ̫á
ۻԱֹ仰ʱ̲סʣ˵˭ƨ¶ࣿ
ۻԱƢҲֹĻ˿Ҳģһ˵˭˵˭ƨ¶࣡
һĹ̨ʲô̬ȣ
˸ᣬָ̧ʣʲôģʲôģǲû鲣㶼ⲻ𣡻УٸˣᣬҾ̬ȣ㰮򣬲һ徻㣡
ջ֣ʣôԴ˿ͣžshigG٤Ͷ㣿
ۻԱԲмһۣ˵Ͷȥ㣿
ͷĹ룬ûһ㲻ᱻԹ˵˿Ȼʲô󣬷سһҹ磬㲻бǿɲӰ⡣
˵ⲻãҲͷףԱʻշɵ㡣
Ͷߣ治¡
˵ҪͶߣҲŻŻöԷûŻԼˣͷ˵У㲻Ͷߣ㡭
û˵꣬ͱޱסֹסתͷȥ
ޱǰһߵ̨ǰʣͬ־ʶ𣿡
ȻޱƽͣۻԱǸһģûشֻ˸ʣ˲ֹʲô£
ޱȻƽӦʶɣ˵ѧҪ󡣡
⻰˵ۻԱĿ̧ͦͷһ˵ǿɲҿǳбҵͨйԽĹ硣
ͷгѧ˿ɲ࣬رŮˣëǡŮ˶鲻УǴ󻷾ŮѧĻᣬͥȿкӡ°üҾǵͣ߸Ůֲʶ飬ŮҲҪ
ۻԱΪԼѧԺ
ޱ˵Ĳѧû˳ſָֻǽڣʣдʲô֣ʶ𣿡
ۻԱ˳ޱָķȥΪ񰡣ô򵥵㶼ʶ
ǰΪ񣬡ޱͷֱۻԱĿʣԼ𣿡
ޱأϺͷϸ꣬ۻԱȴʵ˵ɫһһס
֮ǰޱΪʲôסԼȻ˵е˰Ϊߣ浽ǰ˵ˣ⡣ô飬ѧĶˡ
ۻԱе飬ⷬһٹ˲ϱģҪȥ
ûڣûΪŮ˿ˣˣҲ˵ɡתǸƢȽܼǰѲϲúǻ£ʱ䡣
ԷôۻԱֻðѵߵ˵ĻʻȥɰͰ͵˵Եȡ
ûֹֽط겼ϣõݸˡ
ȻԲ˲ϣȥʱﻹǲ̫ʹ죬˵⻹ǳ﹩磬ۻԱ̬һ붼硣
ޱЦŴȤǿɲͬ־ǻعģԱ
ҲŴȤûھңǻعͬ־ģԱҪղһ̬ȣҶ֪Լȥġ
ƮƮȻ

Ȼϵʱ˵˳Ӧ½һ˿ϸÿñӡ
˿ǳģۣȻһҲ࣬ףֻñӣôûҪ
ʱ򣬵˵һɣҪö٣ʣµĶңá
Ҫô˿ʣµΪչǣ׻ԩǮ
ñӣߣõóǮƱݸӦۻԱֶԼ˵˵Ȼȥϸ㡣
ϣʱˣ˱ȥӪŶӡ
ã˹Ӫ깩ӦҬӼÿ¶м⹩ӦֻǷ࣬ȫҹӦһټӵĢٿҲͳ١
ҵԴḻƷӦ࣬ǻżȥϺӲͣʳ϶һʹҪ˷ҬӼ
ҬӼʵϾҬļҬ֭㣬ɫˬóҷ˵ҬӼֻҪ̺նһ˵ۡ
棬ϷԷۣݵϹڷ۵ĳԷкܶ࣬Ӫ깩ӦҲۣ࣬лۡ
ΪҬӼ˵ĶۣԵۣޱƺͳ°Եۡ۸ޱζҲ㣬ܿθ
Ǵʡˣޱע⵽ʱ˲ٵҲһӡ
ޱٸԼʢ뼦ֻǺ죬һûȥͷˡǵۼֿ죬˱Ż
ޱôǱЦ˼ʣǺʡ˲ͦܳҿôа
ޱ뻹˵ʡ˻ִأôû
Ŷˣʮʡ˻һӣ˾
л˵



36 ѧӾ
Ƽ, ֵķʽԶûк࣬ӰΪֻҲݳ޵ģһëһŵĵӰƱɲ˶ġ
ޱǼͥ벻, Ҳû˻Ӱʵϣⳡǳޱ⣬˽꿴ĵһ Ӱ 
ޱһӰҲǵλϵŵģûǮ
˽ӳʱ˷, ҽӳĹ, һ˷ܵ˲, ӳ˵ġ
ȵӰʼ, ͣ, Ҷ۾ؿӫĻ
ŵӰչ, ӳ͵͵ĳӫĻϷŵһսƬȻǺõ, ʮֲҡ
ޱҲ⣬ۿ
Ȼڵܰ, д˶սİ
, ʮһµʱսûг׽ƺͲ࣬Ԯս, رϼսǻΧÿ춼ڵ, սʤ, ߺЩ˶ˡ
ޱС, ʵûսԮǻ֪£ϱߴñȽԶǹҴƣҾûôֻš
ޱ˸ģսģȻ󣬳ʱҲ̣Ҳǵ˼졣
սŻ֪ƽ󣬵ٻ׿ǶʷʱŻӸжҲ˿޵ϡﻩ
ǣȥʱ۾ȫ׵ġ
ڻص·ȫΪ۸ˣҪ͵ÿ죬ûһȥֹ
ֻǽ󣬴ȻΪʲô޳ûԼ۾Ҳö٣ⲻѺõЦǣ´￪
ǵϣȫ֪Ӱ۾޳ɺˡ
Ϊһ·ʵ̫࣬ûŻȥǽǮͷ˿ȥ˵Ƽң׼ϴ۾õٻȥü˿ġ
ΪҶȥƼңԲҪǮԼҪ˿ޱҲȥ
ţҲ¼˿ġ
ѵΪƱʾѵҼ˾Ͳ
ʵ֤˻治ᵣģΪǣڡң
ΪųţԽû˵ʱ򣬵ƻΪںԺ¥ϣǰԺԺ¥¥ұҲûӰ¥ʱɫ㲻̫á
Ϊǵģο˵Ӧȥ˼˰ɣ
Ҳ˵԰̵ܽԱһˣܲԼŪ˾shigG٤οﻹǻؾ˼ˡ
û˵ǵȥҲ֪ţžˣŴϺ𣿿ҳŵʱ֤úúõģһ̫ʡˣ
ΪҽʱΪõƼˣºܽڼңҲûôųʲôԡ
ֱ˲ŷӦ
òԣɵúú˵˵˵ˣûʲôɣ
˵ΰܺãӲסҲûְ͵ˣϾų˲ڣǵüһ¡
ûʲôҡͷ˵ղžͼˡ
ֻǸշܽȥûŵʱе߶͹ˣ£ޱҪ˿
ΪҪԷͿӰŲ㣬оޱ˸ƾæˡ
ҳ˿ü˿ͳ°ÿ˷һأñӿ϶иࡣ
궫Ǯû٣Ҷ̰һֵˣܵ˵ˣǻǿӲظǮ
ˣʱ䲻ˣֽƼҵľӿ˿۾ô׾͸ظˡ
ޱҲԼңܼһųţ˲ڡ
ˣԼõ
ţƹˣܽСʯͷڲҡ
ڣҼҲţӦһȥģǲ֪ȥˡޱ˵ţѰŵɳϣ˱кվſڵĵ˵ˣȻųţ˿϶ûԶ˵һͻˡ
û˵ֻ۾ţƬָ̺һʣǲܣ
ģ
ޱ˳ָķȥͿܱվںˮУǰڵӰӡ
СʯͷҲڡ
ޱ첽ɳ̲վںߺܡ
תͷûߣǵͷ˵˾仰һ룬ˮڳϵˮ˸߲ҵسޱ˵裬һӾŶ
˵£ˮǳβ˵ĵطӾΪֱܲ˽ޱ
ҵ·ޱһǰѶӸסˣ̧ͷʣôͻȻ뵽ѧӾ
һֱһǣСʯͷߵޱǰ˵ȣº죬Ҫ˳ˣʲôʱģ
ջҾ˵أȥôŶءޱ˵Ĩ˰ϵˮʣѧô
ش˵һˡ
ҲΣһΣ˵žֻ֣ѧӾ˦š
ޱȣ˶ãѧô죿
֣һ̾ͻᡣܰһת˵Ҳѧòѧѧÿġ
ۣǶôޱǳĴָ
õĿ佱ֻЦ򴽣ֽˡǫ˵Ҳûкһһ
ޱҪûβͣһĻ
ĿɨСʯͷϺˮĵƣޱʣˣ̵ܽԱûиһ𣿡
Կ
һ𡣡˵ת棬˴Űӣָ˸˵ǡ
ޱ˳ָķȥʲôҲûû˰
ǸӰǡ˵
кӰޱ۾Ŭ˰ӣſǸϲĺӰ̵ܽԱôС
ԶžСˡ˵ʱ۾գҲգضǸӰ˶ٰοˮԺܺãܿͻλ
ЦЦš
ǿ˰Ӱ˵ǻûһᣬܽͿʼΡεúܿ죬ҲӣʹϴСĺӰ˺СȻ󽥽١
˿СʯͷҲкְ֣
ܽεøˣûһʹӺվĨϵˮ򰶱ߡ
ڽѧϰӾľܽͰ˸֡ʴӱһѧͻᡣ
ʮֳƨ
⵱Ķûȥյϱߣѹʣ벻ѧӾ
ޱҲòǺרģ̻ش𣺡ң˰ɡ˶ǿԼѧᡣ
ȻҪǣӶһѧͻˣҪڰ컹ûѧᣬǺܶ
ǲѧĺãҲάΪĸ׵ϡ
ֻޱ䣬ͱܴᱧ
ޱ嶸ȻʧأƲסذסܲάƽ⡣ֻǿԽԽĺ棬ֲ̫õԤУæʣҪ
ѧӾ
ޱ˵Ҳ
û˵꣬˵ģҿ԰ףûѧҲõںǰ
С˼ޱ߳ŭ˭˵ѧ᣿Ӿɾѧᣡ

˵ˣ
ޱͷͿԼ¶Ѿû뺣ˮУɿ֣˿ʼ׹
ޱɴ۾̧ͷرסܲ
ܣ֡
Ҳɣ
߿ۣкܶˣڿǡֱʾ㲻ںҲⱻôš
ں
ϹܵúϣǷޣ§§ץסҲٲһοⶼˡ
ޱƤؿɿ˫֣Ȼˮ
ûڣܿץסĸ첲
ףȵõס
վֱԺޱŷûô֮ǰҪûӣֻΪܱţӾϰ˺ܶࡣ
վŷֺˮֻؿڡ
ʶһ㣬ޱܣģ
һ˦̫š
ޱ˵ҲǰұûѧӾ
ҵĴܴϴȻһת¶ˣ治һԣʵӾ治ѣռɣ׾ѧᣬҲֻѧһСʱ
ܵĻ뵽ӵĽȣޱ;Ӿǲôѡ
Ȼ˶츳һ㣬ûһڳԳɸӣһСʱѧᣬѧСʱҲа
˵һҲǻ¡
ȻڷȽϱأѧ˹ҲôлˮĿῪźܶ࣬ʮӾµ߶ȼٵ˿ɲ١
˵ʱȥϸϳ
뵽⣬ޱһҧУѧ
ֻ˶棬곤ѧĸ죬ҪֵġҪ˵ĻС֫ȳ˸ⷽѧҲȳ˸ơ
ѧӾϣޱ治ӡ
ˮһСʱͶˣѧӾޱˮڵڣѧҲֻڣһͽţһžͲС
⼾ں졣
ˮʱޱе㲻ᣬֻ춼ˣֶۣǱˡ
صҺshigG٤ޱ·ϴ裬ȥ˺ܽңֵл
Ǳܱģںڵʱһʮ룬ܹȥʱѾʼ˯·ŽҪ
һͰˣǣֻȥ
·ѧӾ£ڰ߿ûһͱСʯͷİְģ֪ޱѧô
ʱޱĽ˵ͦõġ
Ȼտʼ̫ȷͦõѧˣûѧᣬתһ룬͸綼ѧˣְҲû˵
ʵ̫ͦѧˣûѧᣬתһ룬綼ˣְҲû˵ѧúãѧӦñȸã
ǵޱϴӭľСԵĿ佱
ޱƮƮȻ˯ǰܣ˵ʲôˣôͻȻ˵Һ
赭д˵ûʲôֻѧôʱһ˾ͦõġ

šٵͷʣս
⡭
ޱ¶ԥȻźѧӾۣǺˮҲܡѧʱޱû룬ϰϴɵϺޱе㷸ùġ
ֱ˵е㶪ޱ˵ǲ˵ҪȥӰ𣿡
ˣһڣ˵ţܾˡ
ȻܵĻش̵شĻ룬˵û£һӰһСʱȥʱѧ
ޱԴתȻǵļƻǿӰܴܲתͻɣǲǻóԶٷӪͦõģӦĺǱɫˣôûûԹܵôȥһ
ԷӰҲò˶ʱ䣬ǽ첻ĵͻˣ˵Żһת֪ѧӾںܳ㣬´һӾȴһ㶼ᡭ
ޱæܣҼѧ𣿡
ޱǷˣܺƣͷӦѧӾһ͵뷴Ҳ²ȥˡ
ѧӾΪĸ׵ϣƴˣ
л˵


37 ̨
ޱѧӾճ, ʱҲ˰¡
ޱһֱ̫ϲ£һΪȣũ峣˵, ָѮѮʱ䣬ޱã԰³ΪѰ
Ϊæ˫Ҳ¿ʼҪһֱæѮ, æǼ, ȫŮٶóǼ, Ҳ, ȫ䵽ͷ, ϴ, ιѼҵֻܴＷʱ䡣
΢õ㣬һ, ǸΣٵǼ, ޱġ
رǰһ, ȥӪǰͻȻ˵⼸̨磬ڼСĵ, ٳš
ޱڰΰѼ䣬⻰˲ˣ̨磿ʲôʱ򣿡
⼸ɣȷʲôʱ, ޱ۾, ڴ˵, ģ˵̨粻󣬾ϰӦҲֻǷ㣬ڼҴŲ¡Һ˲Ϣ䣬˵ûϰ̨תˡ
ʵޱ̨֪粻£ԭ̨졣
Ҵڵֻȷһ죬Ϊʲôģ̨ûйϵȷ
Ϊˣޱûϵ̸˵Ҫʯǡ
עҪѾ֪δڵҲܸıˡ෴עҪ»صʯǣҲδܸıʲô
ֻޱȻ̨֪Ҫʱ໹̲סһ£ֿ־塣
ץס֣ܵͷʣ⼸ȥ𣿡
Ĳͷ˵ᣬ̨зա
ޱʣأ㶼𣿡
Ȼмľ٣ܻؼסӪÿ춼Ҫ쵼ڣҪֵһΡ
ʱ䣬ϾҪֵ
ܳƬ˵Ҹܻ࣬⼸ϻ
ޱ˿š

ǰŸޱ˵ܽ£ŴӼͿղײգͰ˸סˡ
ܽʣôͻȻҪࣿǲԸ⻻࣬ƣܹô꣬ɴûʱ
ܽ˵ⲻ˵̨Ҫ΢΢ͺǸϣҪ̨磬ҲǿܻẦ¡
̨磿ڰɣܽ°˵
ǰסţϱ֮Ҳߵýܽޱ֮ҲٲҲ˽⣬֪￴ȴǸ뺷ġ
˵̨磿ܽ治š
̧ۿܣȤʣʵϱ£㵣°ɣ
ûشֻ˵ԸԸ⻻С
ԽǻرܣܽԽԼµ࣬Ц˵ҵȻԸ⻻øϣų̂磬ȷܺ¹
ϻȥ͸ϱ˵£˵ˣŲ飬ʵ϶ϱͦİ
ȴ˵㻹˼˵˲飬ҿ㻹ء
ģҲܽţָԼʣϱ۾û°ɣ˵Żսȥ۾
һĿôˣԼֲڸӪⶥȡҿĿɱЩ˻飬СЦǿˡ
ܽòԾϱ⻰л
ƲͷŶһʲô
ܽʱһ飬ֱ˵ϱƽʱûСЦŮǰ˪ġ
Խ˵ԽûΣһЦˣû˵㡣
˵˭һ䲻ܽյϱʡ
Ҫ֪˭ʲô
ʵܽǺ棬֪ô˵ϱ϶һ֪˭ԺҲܸ˱־룬Ϊ䲻ǣ
û£˲졣
ȻܽƤЦ̫أ緽棬Ǻܿɿġ
ܾԵƵĳɷ֣Ըǰ;ȢӦúԥصͷʵϣʱھѵ˼붷ŵͷ
Ϊô࣬ŨʱȻһжãˣܻڣǷҲڻ̧ͷ
ԥ
ѡƷ¶ȥһΡ
ĿǰĶˣЩѣδǰ¶һ˿ڣ
ϱԼܸܽˣûټ׷ʡΪһ˵ȻڱЩСЦļһǿϱϣ϶ҡ
˵ۣܽʵͣǿôս飬Լϱų̂ķϣŴӦࡣԺ̨죬ҿ϶ô˵ΪҲҪϱ˯
ֲ̨磬㲻Ҳ˯š߳Ĺ̨磬ôܻẦ¡
ܽ˵Ҫϱ㡣
ϱǳǳЦݡshigG٤

¶ţԭޱһ졣
ޱӸճ緹ϴʱͿ洫к̨Ҫˣ·ش
ޱȻعæϴɾŽȻ棬Ҫɵ·սݡ
ٰѳϣʱԺ棬æĄ̊́Ҫˣǿ
ޱȥ᷹͵ӣֵҲŰʽݣһȴعȥ
չص¥ԴޱͿ£žڲϡΪûȫرգޱ˲ʪ˴룬Ҳܿˮ
ޱæʣ°ȴϣתȥغ洰
ǴӺ洵ģûдӺ洵չϴޱǰֲԧ̨ϣæȥỨ
ȻǴǰ󴵣̨ȥģޱճȥͱ˸͸
Ļ仨걻ˮ䣬һ˻ҪǲŲδܰų̀졣
ޱһģȥס衣
ʵϾϴõ´裬öеοôޱòڵϡ
裡
ݸֵʪ͸߳ޱɨæ
ͣסŲǰ
ޱϽ˳ֹ̨ͨţڵϡ
̫ˣ붯
ߵޱǰָ˲ϵˮ˵ȫʪˡ
ޱ̧ͷʣȥë𣿡
һڴӦȺ¥ȥˡ
ߺޱַǶ仨۶ϵĻŪȻֻͽͣȻܽסվۣĻᡣ
ޱţ¥´Ųûһᣬëˡ
ޱлͷëϣϵˮ΢˴ʪͷ
ͷͿΧŻǰסǶ仨۶ϵĻͷ˵裬ǲҪˣ
ȻԧֲҪޱϣֵҲϲǣÿ춼Ҫƿſһۡ
˼Щῴ۶ϱЩġ
ޱСһԴο˵û£Ͳ仨ֽţڱ۶ˣһʱ䣬ͻ᳤µĻ仨
ޱֽ䳹˵ǿˮҲٶ졣
˵ȥˮ
ޱæס𣺡´꣬ٳȥ
ŤͷԵźʹ꽻ӣ˵˾䡰ðɡֶ˻
ޱȴϢˣݸԼƵǽߣ˵ȥϴ裬ǻطϢᣬ֪𣿡
֪ôǲŲܡֲɵϹģȥϴɣù˵ŵܻܵ˷䡣
ޱҡͷȹӣ¥ȥϴ衣
ˮͷ棬ԡûˮ״ˮޱ˵ϴ裬ʵֻˮӡͷȻϴɵģֻëɣͣٺúϴ衣
Ȼֻǲϴ·ޱҲϱ֮ǰˣҲźࡣ
ĺֻ磬ʱƣԽԽ¥¥£ǰ󴰻ȫ졣
˺µǣΪ˰ټϷ赲ߣޱ֪ôˡ
ӣ·˹µ֮С
ޱ䣬Ҳûö٣ʱе˷ܣûô꣬ú档
ʱƣ潥ȥޱʣ裬ʲôʱͣ
ޱ֮ǰ˵̨¼춼пܣҲò׼ʲôʱͣ˵Ѿһ磬ӦÿͣˣҪҪܵһ˯һ˵ͣˡ
ڷŵȷģҲеˣ˸Ƿ˵ǺðɣҪһ˯𣿡
ޱ˵˯˯
Ŷ»ܿƽ硣
ޱȴ˯ţһ´ߵ˴ߣããĴ˼С
̨ʱȷЩ£رǵԼô˵ʱûס
ڣǰ𶯣ȴδѵĴޱ侲
ÿһѡַнģҲӦ̨Ĵʩ̨½ǿ϶ɢȺ
ֻǰ̨֪磬ôҲҪţ˵̨粻½Ȼ꽻ӣֻҪͲ¡
ԣԭ϶Ϊ̨¹ġ
ҪôΪĳЩ£ðűˣҪôڼҿˡ
ǰܼ򵥣ֻҪʵڼͺáߣֻССģʵڲУǰ׼óԵĺȵģһڴϣĶȥˣ
ܲںˮҭɣ
ɷ꽻ӣޱȴһЩºڻȻʡ
л˵



38 
ĵ, 罥ͣˣ£ưôתΪСꡣ
ޱƿųȥ, Ժһǽ壬Ҷɳʯأһ֪ĴëΪմɳ, Ѿԭɫ
ԭ̶ڳǽϵˮͷ, ҲЩ, ·Ҳ, Źһֱ䵽Ϸ
ҵĻޱ֮ǰֵĴ, Ҷӱöᡣǿ, ֻҪϵûܼޱûֻͣëΧǽ, ҪҾͻԷûҾ, ֱӵ
Ҷ, ɳʯޱҲûܣ̫ʪ, ɨ˭֪᲻еڶ꣬һǰŰԺӴɨɾһɳʯ, ˡ
ȥ, ¿ȹ, ֱӳӴ˸ᣬȽá
ᣬޱߵ¥Ե˳Ա·濴ȥ
磬Щڼҵľɩˣ˿ڼæҲվ·ߣھӽ̸š
ޱиɤŵľɩ˵ϸϴĴףʱûüգһȫˣֵϴ
㶥ϴҼݶƬ߻ˣ˵˵ûʱ䣬һϣںˣС˯ӳˮ˵ףҾȫݻˣ
ȫݻ˿ɲˣǲöµģ
̫ɹɹܲðɣþֻܻˡ
ɹɹɹɹͺˡ
ǵĶԻޱǰܷ޹ݣѻƬϵĲȫˡȻͽ꣬Ҳñ͡
ޱţĽк裡ǼҪˣ
ޱһæߵԺһߣ¿ȥʣˣ
վſڵǰһָ˵ˮҪǼˣ
ޱ˳ָķ򿴹ȥ̲ס˳鴽ǡ
ǳ󺣰ߵȷ˼׾shigG٤ɳ̲뻹ڣҴɳ̲Ǽңм׵̻
ֻĽͺȻʮǣһǣǼҲҪˣ
ޱ˵ͣˣˮͲˣģǼҿ϶ᱻ͡
ȻȻ˫ֺʮдʵүӣҪ꣬ȻǼҪ
ޱ

ֵܽܽ˰࣬ټ̨絣ޱӣñƽʱҪ缸ӡ
Һܷޱ״̬ãǱŵˡ
ޱʢ棬Ϊһֱ±꣬ûͣ򿪳ú¯ˡ¯ӣֻ˹
̧ͷǿܶԼƣޱΪʲôֱգʲôû˳
ûСҡͷ
ޱʣΪʲôҿ
ֽӹʢõʣ̨ʱ²£
տʼе£־ûáޱʢһһȥʱںģ˵ˣĵߺ񱻴ˣû磬֪ʲôʱ޺á
Ӧòᰲޣôɣޡܷ룬ߵǰûȼ󷵻طǰ͵ס
ϴ߽ϵʣΪʲô򰡣ǿ𣿡
˵ߵſڣߣ̧ͷȥû
ְ裬Ǽҵݻ
ûط߶ˣû硣ޱ˵꣬к³档
ŶӣճһʣΪʲô߻ˣûе磿ͣ𣿡
ޱ˵߻ˣǼһƬͻͣ硣
ǵʲôʱܺð
죬Ҳܺ졣
ǡ
ò˵Ķ࣬ޱмܲסֻüʳ޲С
ûʲôãµʣ裬ʳ޲ʲô
ʳ޲ǣԷ˯˵
˯Ͳ˵˯˵𣿡תͷȥ𣬡ܵ˯˵𣿡
ҡͷ˵
ޱ棬ǿصصԷ˵
ʣΪʲôҲ˵㲻Ҳ˵𣿡
ڿʼǶ˵ˡ
ǺðɡӦͷʼ
ڰֻ
ֻİûг̫ãܳޱ뵽ûе˵ϴɣŪ̫
һޱ˵˵Ŷ
ޱ˵£ǱҪ˵Ļ
أʡ
ޱָ˵˵أС졣
ȻСѾ֪˻ʲô˼ʱͣҲŲС죡˵ĻҲررҪ
Ȼأ
ҪҵǸȻԺҲҪ˵ررҪĻˣ˵꣬Ʋͷ
ޱЦаҵء
ûлشֻصغһԱԼ̬ȼ
ǵϴͷϱսˣ֮䣬Ҫϸޱ˵ˡ
ӽнԡңϵ߳ʣǸղ˵ʲôˣҿڸƢ
ޱͰѸղŵ¸˵ˣԽ˵ԽúЦ˵⺢ӣͲƢСùͻˡ
ûô죿
ô죿裬ÿķˮѵһֱң㲻ùˣޱ˰֣ʣú¯ˮûҽһ꣬ϴͷ
ܵͷʣôһꣿ
ҹ괰̨軨ûȥỨʱꡣޱ˵üЦЦ˵һᣬҰ껨ϴ˸裬ͷҲˣû¡
û߶ֻ˵´ܻˣҪ
ޱͷףȥϴɣԡﻹ֪Ҫ浽ʲôʱ򡣡
תȥԡҸϴ衣
ʯǵʱϴܵðСʱһСʱϴöϸ£ǹȥˣҪƢ
ϵܹţҲңͨʮʮܳ
ܴߵøһ㣬ָӴ˱յӣͰǸˣԲ壬·̿ϳȥ
ӳȥܰԡҼʰһ¡
ƽʱ·ϴ˳ϴˣãϿ꣬ûܣֻһš
ʰԡҺȥ˳ˮ˳Ͱˮϴ衣
ЩʱޱҲʰ·ˡ
·װҵԡź棬תӹˮư˵Լɣ¥Ϣȥ
ȴûߣ˵ɡ
ޱͣס̧ۿ
һ˵ͣ磬¥̫ڡȥ㣬㺰һ˵ƿޱȥ˿š

˵¥̫ڣʵȻ¥»¥ϲڣں˯¥û˰ǵ
ʱ̫ˣ˯ţһ˵Ļ
ڰУ۾ŽߵʣԺĲ˵𣿡
̬ȼ費ҵǸҾͲҪ˵ˡ
ŶЩ⣺Ϊʲôѽ
û𣿡Ϊ˵С죬ϻ˲ǻ죡ô˵ǳǳң
ŶʣʲôǷϻ
ţôⶼ֪
𣺡ֲС죬ΪʲôҪ֪
ſܵߣ˵ϻǲҪĻ˵ĻǳǳҪŲǷϻ𣿡
ˡ
²˵ҪĻöࡣ
²ۣһ˵ÿ仰ǳǳҪ˵С죬ҺҵǸҾͲ˵
ŶһֱǸأ
˵ҾҲҪ轲ˣ
ô죿
סģ
԰Ժ󶼲˵ҿ϶ĵġ𷭹̧Ժ˵粻裬϶Ҳģ˵Ŷ
ֱſڴϣ˳ŵܵ˵룬ʣ޹𣿡
Сӣ粻֪£ܵܵĻ֪ҡҡͷ֪
ʣô
˵϶ģǰСƵޣž˵رġ
õܵܵĻֵֹģ˲ŻޣӦǿޱΪʲôſţֱأ
㲻
룬뿴ޣҲģ˵첻˵С죬Ҿ͸˵
ҲøĻֵֹģ˵ô˵С죿С죬ô˵
㲻
һshigG٤ֵ͹˲Щ㲻ˣΪ裬ˣ
л˵


39 
ޱû뵽Լ
˿, ͳΪ岻ãʵģϴθðѾǰˡ
ȥ궬ֵ, 趼Ⱦ˼죬ûС
ǻҲܹһ꣬ʱûɡؼҰ, ʱܱûڷ絲ĵط, Ҳ˼ȥñ˼, ֲҵһܵķӶš
ȻǻѾװ, ¶Ƚúܿ, ޱò, ʪˣ¶ô¡
ȥʱΪԼðһ뽪¶, ڶеûͷηյ֢״
Ȼ, ޱû뵽ԼᲡ, áðɣܹе£Ҳ˺üˮ
οһȵʱ, ȵϷټѸٲ壬ϴ, ܲǻᶼɡ
治硣
ޱڴ, ͷۻؿǰ·, ˵ˣҪҵˮҺɻͺˡ
ղϣҴȥҽԺܵͷһһŵظۿӡ
ޱüʣ㲻ȥӪˣ
ȥҽԺȥӪ١ܸ˵Ϣһᣬȥ𡣡
ֵ˯㣬еʱе㷳꣬װͰ͵ģ˭
ӡ
˵ţӣϽ
ۣǰְ֣۾ʣְ
˵𴲣ˣҴȥҽԺ˳ȥСʯͷ
ΪԺģСҲȫҽˮƽҲҽԺղ־˺ͨˣžҽԺܱ߹ѡ
ҲˣҽԺǺܶ࣬ɷҲȽӡ
ҪչޱҽԺ϶ֲ̫ϣҲİڼȥܼңг°ðæչǺܺõѡ
֪ˣʣôˣ
˵꣬ˡ
ҲӰΰѹûְֺ͵ܵǰĻֻ˸βͣʣ˭ˣ
跢ˣ̻ش𣬴ӴЬȥڿޱ
´Ҳæϡ
ԴſţŶ򿪣֮˵ͨģ˲ڵĶԻޱһӵĽŲҲڶС
۾ſ¶Цݣˣ
ְֽġ˵ߵߣɫ԰׵ޱ촽ǲǺܣ
ޱش˵϶ܣʱرܡ
ޱЦ˵ãͲˡ
С˵ƭˣҪҩҩŲܡ
ͬܵܵĹ۵㣬˵ҩҲܣ˲Ųܡ
ȻϴѾǰǰ£ʱȵҩж࣬ڶǵá뵽ﲻɴͬ飺ҪԹԺҩŶ£ȻûиҵǸķϣԭˡ
ޱǼοֿЦãοڶӶ£֪ԼЦڣСһﻹͦǳ
ԭˡ
ޱװź˵軹ǸأȻô˵Ǿ˰ɡ
ɴ۾

ܱϱӵܼʱܽſˢǼûԡңϴˢ档
̣ܽΪʲôˣڶ˲һĭ߹ʣϱôˣ
ޱܱϣûش
Ǵ㱧ȥҽԺģԼ汻ŴӼҽԺ˿ⲻҪ˵졣
ֻǷգȻûԲѣҧҧҲǲܼߵҽԺûӦҲûӦԼߣһиĳɱˡ
ޱ˼شȴʲô˵ޱޱˣҴȥҽԺܲ鷳ͬ־æչ죬ޱޱõһǡ
ܽһڴӦû⣬ϱյϲأ
̣ͦôȥҽԺ˲֪˵ֶ˵ҹһ㣬𵽴ܣ֪𣿡
˵ְ֪Ҫչ˺Ŷ
ʵֵȥҽԺְ˵ǣû취չ˺裬ֻڼ
ֶܽ˵ˡ
УܽͷתǲҪ٣
ܽŲһ˵Ҹ˵һȰޱޱ͵ҽԺٺȥӪ档
ɡ
ܽӦܱޱԺӣˮ¿ڣĨĭЦŶ˵緹𣿡
ҡͷûˢ
ôСͿʼˢˣܽʡ
ȣôʱˢ𣿡͸С
ܽҭסôʱ治ˢСʯͷҲôˢ뻹ûѶӱ¶СͲˡ
˵ˢҲճˣøϱ˵˵
ܽܿЦŶ˵Ǽˣڽȥˢ¹Ƶõǰ˵Ƚȥ¥ϽСʯͷ
ֵòˢһڴӦõġ
쵽ºܽӶ﷭һбɣÿ˷һ飬Լ¥ȥжӡ
ߵſںܽûֱŽȥѡš
ܼҸָڼҲ࣬¥Ҳ䣬Сʯͷһסԣ°˺󣬼ûķ䣬ܽŶ˯ˡ
СʯͷСһ˯ûϵȹٴ㣬°ҲԼˡ
ֻôһܽӷͲôˣȻǱã֮仹ǵñֵ롣
ۿۿۡ
洫°õˡ
ܿ죬Եű򿪣ܽ°ɫЩȣʲô𣿡
ܽ˵ģϱˣϱȥҽԺ
֪ޱˣ°ɫһʣޱޱˣʲôϲأ
˵Ƿˣϲڲ֪ѾϱȥҽԺˣڵûʱչֵܣͰ͵Ǽˣܲܰæչ˰쵽һ졣ܽԼ˵
°ԥͷû⣬һչ˺ģ
ܽͷ￴˵Сʯͷûѣ¥µ
ܽ˼°ʣҰСʯͷѣ
Ѱɡܽ˵
°ñת˷䣬Сʯͷ𴲡
ܽվſڵŵʱ򣬵ƴԳˡ
ư˵ϰ࣬ȻܽʱҲˣûһ˹ȥֻ˯Ժʱ˵ˡڡۣ֮˾ͽshigG٤ˣʷʲôˡ
ܽûţѸղŸ°˵Ļһ顣
Щģ˵ѾޱȥҽԺ˿ʣأ
¥šܽ˵źԿۣСʯͷڷ˵¥µ㣬ٲǾҪȥˡ
С֣Сʯͷˣͷſʣˣ
ܽ˵԰¥µܾˡ
Сʯͷ´Ь߳䣬ղ¥¥ϻţ𣡡
Сҧ̧֣ͷСʯͷ
Ҳ̧ͷû˵ֻǿСʯͷһ¥ݣܹ
ôôҼˣܵǰվСʯͷһ˷ܵʣһôС顣
ûô˷ܣ˵ˣְչ˲ǣͰ͵ˡ
СʯͷɵˣСޱޱ̲ǺܿҪԺÿÿҩ
ͷÿ߲·ˣְֱȥҽԺġ
¥ĵƽŲһ٣ܽޱޱôأ
ܽʱûޱ֪ûôأܵʱ飬˵Ӧûôذɣҿڱ黹á
˵ҴһȥҽԺȥޱޱôˡ
㲻緹ˣ
ߵſڣԱ߶Ϸŵˢ´ɱ߱˵ɵӰɡ

ʮ˶壬Уյò
ҽˮ¶ȼƣ̶˵ҸƬҩιԳԿҪգȥϢС
ҽ˼ʣܴ˲˵
üͷ壬ҽЦȻģջ߳ҩա
ܳƬ̺ʣĻ˵û᲻㣿
һ˵ջȳҩ죬˵ʵͬ־ҩȥϱӷϢҲͺˣûҪ롣
ҽڲϣ˯ȥ˵ޱ˵ͬ־ǾҩĻֱӱ͹ˣ۵֣Ҳ㲻ϱˡ
˵ﻧйĲŸҽƷѣ˼⣬ʱȻûϰ࣬Ҳܱ
жȵģͨҩҩֹǽȼ۸˵ģûܱû߳һǮˮþͱȽϸˣܱһ붼Ƕģ͵ԼһǮ
ȻǾҽԺǿ׳ٸðھܱ߹Ա̫٣ðСĴͨˡ
ͨ˿ʡǮΪܺˮȬǾҩܳҩȬǾѡˮ
ҽô˵Ҳְҵϰߡ
תͷޱǰĵ˵ܴӼߵҽԺߵſ˯ˣҲյͨ졣
ֻϣޱܿգû࿼Ǳ˵ˮɡ
ҪҽҲǿ󣬿ûʿȸޱƤԡƤԵһᣬȷޱŰŻʿ롣
ǵָͨͬ·չʱͿޱѾˮˣæʣޱޱôأ
תͷſڿȥʣɩôˣ
ܱƽ侲˵˵ޱޱˣҽԺĲ£ޱյٶȡ
ʮ˶塣
¶죺ôˮˣ
Լࣺտ졣
˵أƻȻʣ첻ȥӪ
˵Ҵȥ룬١
æ˵ȥɣ˵£ޱޱҰչš
չޱޱ᲻ᵢ㹤
ƿֱ˵ڲʮ˵뻹Сʱᵢģ㣬Ͻȥٰɡ
˵鷳ˣһᾡ
Ц߳תڲ¡

յȷ죬ߵ㲻ޱ¶ȾͻָҲ˯۾ֻ˵ЩɳƣɤӲǺ
˴ޱ͸ܻȥˡ
ȥʱû֣ҽðҩֳ죬⼸ˮϢ̫ۡ
һһӦˣȥʱ˵Ҫޱ
ޱϴӦȻǷޣֻǸðֲȳˣ汳ȥɺͳ
л˵



40 Ƚ
û, ϣܱŷյޱȥҽԺΪٵϢʹˡ
ԴĽ, 壬ϱãޱи
ҲоСģ˵ǸðôĵȥҽԺΪ٣ûϢ
ǾܴСһ
ֻԴϴܽ, Է, ڲ̫ޱ, ֻұ˵켸䡣
˵Ҳܲʹ, ԭ, ҪǸԵá
ޱǰ, ȻԵãҲȻôҲ׸
ԴӸޱһκ, پͲˣ, ܾų, ˷Сڽǡ
Ȼϲ˵ģֲ˵ʹ, Ͳôˡڼģֻȥ죬ϵûô, ˵ûôľɩ档
Ȼ˵̫, , յһҲû֪ĺѣǴһ죬Ҫûôߡ
ǲܵģҪ˵벻ͲԼֲǷģûҪίԼ
ϴޱ͸ܣԺľЩˡ
ϵ˵ϲҲ㲻Ϻá
˵̸ۣ˵ôûϢʱ򣬾оɩվҪǶʮĸӪûϢҿ̫ϣҼλûϢˣˣԸųʮʱʲôţ
ԷʮģθѾ꣬ͬУҵгɣأҲ㲻Ϊ
˵ʮһʮ֮ǰϸţȻǰ;ҪȥǾͲ˵ˡԷѾǸųתҵǰܲܵųδء
෴ܼȻЩֻϸӪһ㣬ͱԷǿ
Ҫ֪ԷֻͣǸ
䶼˸˵һ˵ֹ쵼ʦ쵼
ûϢʵ˷Ц
Щ
ȻԷʮʱܣڼǱܸ߰
˵ˣȻû飬Сʱˣδؼѡ仰֪ģܶʮ˸Ӫʮ꣬ܲܵϸųһأ
쵼أڸģô£쵼ʧ
뵽˵˵ܵľshigG٤Ϊһģ˵پ٣̬ȣ쵼ܸˣǸޱҲǹģǸð𣬻ǵҪٻչˣһ㶼֪¡
ôˣҲˣҲмͥԼϱ£չôˣ
ɩ꣬ȸشתɩʣʣʱϣɷ¹չǣǲŲ𣿷һ⣬Ҫڲ£ҶҲŲʣҲŲӣ
ȻľɩУھ޸֮ǰ˹˲˼ҵ׼û취ʱޱһսóӪҲûҪ£չ˲Ӧõ
ҷ׷׵ͷɩֿ˵е˰Ҳ֪ԼôͣΪʣ˷ӹúúõģǵó˵ⲻǲãȴ֪Լˣ
ΪԷľ棬ʱ϶Ҫȥ˴һܡûΪ˲ͻϼңֻз볡
Ǵ֮󣬸żûгš
ȥЩʱͷÿ£ⲻ˳ﻰ˵ޱɰˣ
Ͳˣޱʲôֵʵģ
ˣɷǸųֻǸӪӮ
ȺӣһŮޱֻӣҲӮ
ȹȻʱûйޱ֮ǰĹͻˣƽԣйˣ

˵ޱŴδʱޱר塣
˵Ҳ֣ǰõͷţСָ궼ûôգȴһͽҽԺ
Ȼգȴ˽²źãԭӾΣʦڿΣһơ
ұ֮ޱܾԼ񲻼ã֮ǰࡣΪȥҽԺ˸ȫ飬ʾһжòŷġ
˵ºȰϻ˵ɽȥ˿㼸겻һβɲúúſģóԺúȵģ¾ûˡ
ϼи˵Сõô󲡣ҿ֮ǰһֱβ˲žĶþ˵
ɻ󣺡⻰˼
˼вޱޱ˼ҽ˵û£ѵд
ǵҲǣͲ˵ˡ
Ҳ˵ǰҽ˵Сϵ˿ʵȳڲ˻ãܶСëǿȥֿġ
Ǽ̤ʵˣҲǲȥ˿ºޱǻ˹
ʱҲߵ˾Ѯ
ȻݵΪγȵͣļ仯ԣ·ݺ¶Ҳ˼˼˵㣬˯ûôˡ
±仯֮ʣŵ˹Ӫϰ࣬רܴ򷹡
˵»ޱģΪҺԼȻ͸С·ھӣΪ֮ǰ˻ˣûȥעĽ
֪֮£ôӹӪλĺϵ˵
ܶ඼СλְҪСѧҲŶʮˣλְ߰ģеĵλֻһˡ
СλȻרɱ̫߳е𰡡ƫƫЩλڷҵʱй˿ţСʱһСʱԷʱ仹УСʱǻؼǲܡ
ְʳýܲ˹ɻԷɣǾеλ˹Ӫ꣬ǶԱ͡
ǲλԱ쵼ˡ˵ͷԹӪȻûʲôҵҪ󣬵쵼Լ׷ģӦԱ£ܸ괴գܸõΪҷɵӲŲӦ
ǣ˫˳ɺ
λһ취УҲ׷׸ϣùӪλְӦ緹
λǰӪʮƽǹֻ̨ķ
ɺ󣬹Ӫһţڵһ䣬ͨһŴ򷹴ڣʮŷ
ӪҵҲֳ飬һ鲻Сһְʳò࣬ӦǴ˼۸СҪ΢˵㣬ΪְֲʳĿǰֻӴλְ˿Ϳš
˴ס˭Ը⵱ԩͷȥСȻζõ㣬۸Ҳ󰡡
СߵĹ˿ֻʣЩ̽׵ľ˼סдûطֲܳԴֻѡС
Ҳ곣оϷӦùӪѹ˿ֿܲԻ
ӪڲìҲ١
ĸебʦҲǣ󷹵ĿСģСĿġ
ԵӪҪﲻԸ⣬쵼Ͱ˶ȥˡ
Ϊã쵼ͰѶרĴ־ģСǸСߴҲûǾγͷľ档
׻˵һɽݶӪλܰ
ȻܣһþһܴģǰҶѧ͸ǰүһպôûԸĲˣǰʲô
쵼ǸóϡģìԽԽŷԱֳɣСΪ٣·硣
ǱߵҲʹ죬Ϊ쵼СƫǱߵˣԵǺġϻ˵Ѷʱ䳤ˣԹԡ
ڲìⲿìܵ˫ؼѹ£쵼ڿסˣƣСȫ߹˿ҲپںλԱǮƱȥԡ
֮Ӫھʣ¸ͷڣѾɻʳá
ƺӪ˿ȺӣԱλɾð찲žɩְ
£ŽĹӪꡣ
Ϊ͹Ӫĺϵ緹һֱڹӪԡ˸ȥӪϰһ죬Ϳˡ
ԴʮֲƽҪǸΪʣڱˣУޱȥҽԺϰˡޱûȴ¹ʵ
ޱ̬ǺƽͣðɩŹ˵λûҪ£ȿǵľޡ
Ӫ괰ڴ򷹵ĹһǮˣдּǲǴйʱȻҪ
ȻãҲûشɾɷףʱҲ磬ͷ
ȻҪǣ⹤ɣÿ춯ˣʵ治ʲôɹ
ӪڹӦֲͣҪ׼ʱ䣬òԱ൹ڴ򷹻ֻæǰshigG٤СʱʱûҪڹӪţǴϵ˵㣬ʮһϵ㣬ϵ˵㡣
ʱϿźͦɣ綼Ϣʱ䣬Ҫ֪ϰ࣬ζĵϰ˵°࣬ؼҿæʮһ㣬˯Сʱġ
Ϊ˱߹Чʣ򷹴ûλģһˣ˯٣ڼһվСʱȥ˵ͷ˯˼ɱ
ˣޱڴ⹤ɣϰʱֻоŸСʱʵһ⹤͵ڴӴûԼ˽ʱ䡣
ʵҲȷˡ
ޱ͸ȻôұϾסţ֮ǰûйʱɣϡÿϣٲõһۣ˵Ự
Ȼڴһ飬ޱûֲģܻ顣
ԴӸȥ˹Ӫϰ࣬ޱžûŲٳܣޱֻˬ춼ࡣ
ޱã⹤ܳþõظȥá
л˵


41 ͼʲô
ʵ֤, ЩĲܶйߵڴ
ޱǰŸ⹤ܳøȥžʹ˵Ͷߵ¡
ġ
ȻӪĹۣȥϰ, ҲޱûԼ˽ݹͦ⣬ԭҲܼ򵥣⹤档
ϼңӪгѧ, Ȼǲ, ܱߵλйʱ, ԾɩŵҪ, ô, ⹤Ҳɱǿˡ
ΪԸԭ, Եһֱã⼸·ȥЩ˶
˹Ӫ, ͲһˣܸоԼԵڱá
ԭ, ܼͬ򵥡
Ȼǰﰴس, ֹӣһһȫڴڴ򷹵һ֮䡣
ЩӪԷģ˭ôڶ㷹ˣֲռ˵, ϶ҲԿ
ȻˣǾ㲻ڹԱùϵҲȥԷ
Ըʱ, ˲˵Цӭ, ˵ҲͿġ, δõĴ
Ҹÿȥϰ࣬ҪԼҺڼмС·ȥ
ÿʱ򣬸ͻޱԼƵĹڻҵѧĻôǴ涼Լѹһͷ
˵˹Ӫ󣬸žԼû
ֻЩ˰ɣ˵ȨƮе͡
ǰ£Ҫɺݹ򷹵ʱֹҲ١ʱƣЦˣ뷨ͷ˸ı䡣
Щϵõʱǹϵôãܵøи㣬͸˶㷹ˡ
ЩϵõʱϴζôˣҴ򷹣һķ˾ȱˡ
տʼ̫ԣҲֻһ㡣κ󲻼鷳ĵҲŴ򷹵ķһ١
αͶߣΪȱ¡
տʼСûԼķ˷ӣǸһľɩôô٣ͻ˾䡮ٰˣ׷ԷһͰѷƵǰ˵Ҳˣ׷˵סʣȻôţ
ޱʣôˣ
ǰ˵ԱȲ֪һԱСŷ׷ͱȶԷ֮һؼǣԷʹ÷¶ˡ
Ӷ̣ͷԷϸʣϳԷģӶܳԵһ׷ˡ
ԷԵԵʮ֮һ׷ûɣ
ȻͰѸٱˣޱʡ
ҡͷûСȻտʼûٱ£ֻŷȥҸۡϣԼķû⡣ȻСҪ³أ˵ÿô෹Ҫ˶ٻ˵ˣҹҪҪˣ
˵ģͦǿޱŬ룬ֻͨı뵽˵⻰ʱģˡ
ޱʣȻأ
СȻϸɰ⻰˵һ֣ҲʱͶ䷢ˣ˵극󵫷һڣҪ
Ȼͳˣޱʡ
ôܣ
һ̫ˡı˵ûϣ˵⽨ţСȷСľɩС֤ͬ˿ҲС˵޻˵ԼΪ̫æܿ˷԰³أٵķˡ
˵ǣΪ̫æܿ˷ƭ˭أСձԩҪô˸֤ǰٿĪ磬ĿϾôˣҪΣҲǹӪΡޱʶˣһ䣬γ󣬵棬Сڵ³أ£Ƿݷ˶٣
ޱãȻôˣȱķ϶̫٣ӦҲ̫࣬ҪǶ׷һСû
˵˰
ô֪ģһȣѵѾ˵£
ޱҡͷ˵ûУҽæһ磬ܺӺͰãûˣҲû˵¡
ŶỰʣæʲôˣ
ûæʲôͳհſڵĵطһ¡
һγʱޱ˲˵ſڿյһһŹ˷ѿԺųˡ
֪º󣬸˵ֱûãѿʵֳͣȰϴɾˮһ֣ΪĹ˸׷ѿ
˵ֲҹ˵ҲҪʱ䣬ǱȽϴģҪʱҲá
Ȱޱ˼˵Ƕݵ껹һ˵˺ü꣬ۿҪҹûһ͸ɷˣֵ
ޱã⵺ϴ꣬µԼĻǺõġ
˼ˣֵſڿյءµ½ѿ
Ȼ֮ǰµĴ⣬ޱͲֱ߲ˡ
߲ˣֵ㻨ݲݻͦõģ֮ǰԧľúãԸ֦껨
ǽĿγ̺ޱͰſ·һ飬Ϊ֦׼
̧ͷǰǿؿۣ˵糤ûͦãô磬ſزðɣ
ŰɣѿҲһܳɹǳˣֲˡޱ˵ЦҪжģҵʱһùҪҪ
ɹˣòĵŹҹУҿ϶ҪҲЦղŵĻ⣬ʣǸվshigG٤˵ˣ
Сķƹ˰
ˣԣ˵Ҳǹĵģܹ׷һ룬˼˵Լǹģֻǿˡ
ôģ
ˣŶ֪ܲ˰ɣǺãϲϡ֤࣬ȷ˻Ϣˣ˵øСǸ¾ˡ
Сôʵ˵ԼӪԷͼľǱ˷㡣ҪǴ򷹵Ķ˾Ͷ㣬˾ٴ㣬ԼԺ󶼲ӪԷˣ˭֪Ƕ˻ˣ
ʱԷˣСⷬϸˣϾ˭ҲȷԼ᲻СһΪ˰ҵͰѸϴȥˡ
˵̲סЦ֮ǰӪ겻һڴ򷹣һϴˣΪԸųߵ㣬ðǱ߾Ͱŵˡ˵ʱˇNɪţ˺úøɣȡϴ˹ڴڸ˻ûһ£ͱ˺˹˹˵ЦЦ
ޱǳ̲סʣʱû֣
𹫷ˣ֣üëһһչҪ˵Ҫӣǰֵ㣬¾ôȥִˣعóԲ˶ߡ
ȱ£˵ǰ˵˼⡣
Ȼ˺¶ʵǰߣӲһ֣˵϶üһʡ
˵˻ǻϢˣɩŶǽַھӣûϾɱģе档
Ҫ֣ͱӣ飬ôͲһˡ
ޱ˵Ӧòִ󡣡
ƮƮӻеģܵʱ侲Ӧ뵽ЩҾ벻Է϶뵽϶ִ¡
ޱģҲܲµźһΪֿء
Ȼû֣ǰŸҫŬְž͸˵˹£Ҳһˡ
ʵֱޱҺųȥʱ»Ц
Ժվܺܽ·ͻȻЦЩĪԷϿ˺üֻۣǿȥҲûʲô˷Цĵط
ԶܽʣôˣͻȻЦôģ
ֲĻ׳棬֪ΪʲôͻȻЦ˵뵽ʲôЦˡ
˯ǰܻޱһ䣺ʲôˣ
ޱûףʣôˣ
ܻش˵ۼ뿪ʱͻȻЦ뵽ʲôˡ
Ŷ˵°ޱȻ򣬾ͰѸ£Ÿܸһ顣
ͼʲô
˵ǸԼģô˵΢һ㣬޼鲻ӪǹҵģֻǸϰģʡµ׷أ۳Ǯ˷˻һȣôͼʲô
ޱĻ˵Сǰ˿ڽǣﲻʹ졣
ܣаɡ
л˵



42 
ڵ֪򷹶̽, ŭºԷһӦҲǡͼʲô
ӪʡʳִԼҰޣܴԼ, Ǽѵȱʳ
һ¹ʽ٣˼ĸĸѣͷ˸Ǯóһ룬һڳԺȲôͼʲô
ͼʲô
ȻͼԼʹ찡
ǰŸһ, ˼Ĵ, ʲôô
Է, ֻ˵治ǹ, ʱŶӵ̫, ҿ˲Ÿٴ˷ղʵ, ֲǼҿģʡµķҲҹٸ, ҲĻᣬͼʲô
Է벻ͨ, ô, ڿ޵ʣµĻ˵ȥˣֻʣ治ǹٴ򷹣
治ǣ, Ҫٸ򷹣ҡҲúַġ
Էüúõ˵⻰ʲô
ҾίԼ˵˵Ҳٴ˵㷹˵ϲͺˣʲô˵, ɽ嵹, Ҫϸ, ˵Ҵ򷹲ƽԼڴڸɡԽ˵Խýǹ
ֲǵһȱˣ֮ǰ˶û˵ʲôҪִ󣬲ǼǺǰĿڽ
ߣҾͲˣǷüڴ򷹣ҼϰభʲôˣңȥĴڴ򲻾ͺ𣿿ǲץһδ󣬱ǻΰҵ˺
ȻԷûùĿߣý̫ϸߣʣΪ仰쵼Ͱˣ
Ȼǣ̷ϣ㲻֪Ǹྫץٴ£ߥǷԷˣǶңЩҲǣƽʱиǴʱأʱô˵Ҵ򷹲ƽлΣƽʱϰ࣬ྡְֻΪҷԣͰҴӴڵ˺
ԷʱΪ˵ȱٱˣܵŭɢˡҲûͬ˵Ҫľǹ˸ǮƱʹٷͲˣǶٴ򣬶ӦáŶӵٶ࣬Ҳôǵλûй涨ô극żʲô
֪ôͣͷ˵ҡҵʱҲû롣
Է峤һü˵ˣ¾Ȼ˺Ǿͺúøɡ
ɵˣǣֲǹٷģͲһ˵˵ٵش𣿡
ղ˵ô࣬ɲΪԷһںúøɣ
οϴ˹˵ȥûӰҪŵ⹤ŲȥӪϰࡣ
ԷҲˣ£㻹ҵŻشڣ
⻰˵ģ̫ˣ
ɫȥʣ˭ҴƱ˵ԼμӹûҽӪһ£һηôˣƾʲôΪһδ󣬷ҲμӹŬҲܣ˵˵ٵشڣ򡢷ҾͲȥϰˣ
ȻԷ壬вȥϰ࣬żһصͷа㲻ȥϰǾͲȥɡ
˵ҪȥӪϰʱľǵæ˵ûʱ䵽ܣˡ
ãսӪһ£ͱô¨ӣҪǻΰѹִ˱˵סøǣ
ȥشڣ
ӻӹ̫ãҵ̫˳Լҵ鷳пshigG٤ġ
ǣӻ

ΪԷ岻һθԼðû˯˵תѡ
Ѻ󿴵ӳڴϵ⣬￩һæӴ
ֻǸմЬԼѾ˺Ϊ൹ϴ˹ֵ˴š
һ뵽θߴҵְʱҵı飬ͺܲȥϰࡣ
Ȼϴ˹ڴʵһ𣬹ʴһڸ̫ˡ
ڴ򷹣棬𾴡
ϴˣ˭ʹ˿
ƫƫְñӣ˵Ҹսʱ򣬸߽˵ָߵ͹ֻҪͿϸɣ÷ڹǽĶܷ⡣ΪȻһֱŬⲻһ£ξͿҵŬˣҪҵȥ
ʱһƺȥҵù˸ˣܱڣ㻹˼Լ˵Ŭˣ
أ
ʱԱûɢô˿ţ̵ѪҲֻӲ仰ȥ
Ҳܻˣ֪ı˵ڸ߽㱻Ҳ仰͸㣬ָߵ͹ֻҪͿϸɣǽĶܷ⡣߽㣬ظλŬΪĽӰɣ
˵ʲô
ȻֻܼЦ˵һᡱ
˵ﻢ£⹤ɵøȥҲøȥͷ쵼ְ
ҪҲָԷһ̸̸
ɷ򼶱𲻵͵ľɩμӹĿʵǾð졣
Ϊ˱֤ɷ򼶱𲻹ߵľɩǵ棬ҲΪ޶ȵر֤ƽðڸɩŹʱȿǵʱ˵λйҪҪģǾټ
ҪԷļ𣬸ôһ࣬иĹŸֻǸĸƫ
˵һλйпɲԾʹˡ
ҸҲûָԷһ仰ûȥ쵼ֻǻָڹԲѰɣ
Է嵹ãһ㶼ֱ֣Ӿܾ

Ҫˣ
ϰ㣬ǵȥϰ࣬Ǽ˷֣֪ô
سţߵмС·ԺޱʱͻȻ˳
Ȼ⹤⣬ٻиޱڶûš
ôţϳЦʣţ
Ժŵޱһۣתͷʣڸ˵
ûסۣЦ˵⻰˵ģб˵Ľǣû˲ȥϰ࣬ôգңµвס
ޱһۣתͷ˵ĽǣûҪ
𴽽ǣ˵ǲҪżеİͻû˵㶼µˣĽҲû͸˱ǲ
˵꣬ޱͽӻ˵ͬ־˵ĽǣϿ䣬ôˣͬ־оˣں͵ŹӪǰˣ˵Ҫظλϴ˹ôĽǣ˵תͷʣͬ־˵ǰɣ
ɫһЩ˵ģ
ʲôޱװ⣬Ƭ̺Ŷ˵˵㷢Щˣѵû˵һ˵ͻȻ᲻᲻ˣ᲻취ٵȥڴҶˡ
ѿڶʣģǷʲô
ޱЦ˵Ÿͬ־ظλϴ˹صڴ򷹣Ȼͷ˰
ʲôʱ˵ҪظλشڴˣЩǡ뵽˵Щɫ䡣
϶ǹģ
⵱ô˵˵ЩͷȻͼӴ׵£Ϊ˰ֹѹȥ
뵽Ҳû˼ޱǰҫкˡ
һߣޱЦˡ
Ц֮ʣ˵ôģΪȱӴڵߣôǰҫ
ޱ˼Ƭ̣һ˵Ұ
Եɴ۾Ŀдˣû°ɣ
֪ûԼĹޱһ˵ҿЦġ
˿˵ء
ޱЦЦû͸¶˵תƻʣ˵ģźСӲǹôʱң
˭֪̿ˣڼܲˣԲŽ£͸͸š
ޱɫ΢ǹϵã
ʶ£ͨƽʱĽ̸ļͥҲһ˽⡣
ǱûʲôرģƶũһŮм䣬ڼﲻӣҲûôܿʮˡ꣬;˽ʶɷΣ˶
ӪɲǴǻᣬ治á
ȻʱѾɣҲֻǸͼܼһΡ׵ţҲã滹иʮĵܵܣ˭ҪǼ޸ҪţҪСӣصĺܡ
ʱҲ̫ΣǻС˹֪ĳЩûõĶٿϱˣһ˼˶
迴̬ȼһʵû취ͬǵĻ¡
Ҳ˵ҪţҪСӣǹ˼ӡ
ʹθӪҲһֱȵСӹ£Ȣϱʰɷžۡ
ĸûջη޶һֱǼģޡ
ƽʱ̸УҲδ˵źСӵĲãޱһֱΪǹϵڿ̬ȣʵƺˣ
Ҫ˵ж಻ãҲڣſܿηˣܾ䲻Ҿ̲ס̡
ʵڱˣޱ²೴̲ˣ˵˷Ѳӣٳˣ˵ŰӡڼЪţ˵ûһɰɣ˵ĥߴһһ졣
ޱüʣǰҲô˵㣿
ܰСӳɼǰ˵ʲôʲôǶԵģ˵ҵ׹ŮСӸճɼңҾͳ˷˵ͽϣȥϰ࣬ݾң˵裬ֺýҲ֪ȥҸ֪ӣ
ޱʣô㣬ʲôû˵㵽Ҽˣ
ɫڨڨҵ˵ʹҪ泳ôô죿ô˵Ҳš
ţҲshigG٤ô㣬ޱ˵㣬̸ۼ޵ʱӦó淴ԡʱû˵㲻ãΪǼҵţѼ֧Ӷ˳ϢĴ̣ʲô˰֪𣿡
ҡͷ棬˵һ䲻á
û
ô˵㲻֪ſɻװˣǰҿɺˣҪ֪ģ׼Ϊ׹ŮǵŮġ
Сأô˵Ҳģ˵ʱû˵仰
̾˿˵ʵСӻǺõģ˵ңҵǸţֻˣˣ˵Ҳôá
ޱǸʲôãŵ׶ӣ˵ٲãҲ˼ɡ˵ˣȰסţѵû֪ͣЩ¸𣿡
ޱĻɫˣ˼ǣ
ҵ˼ǣҪôСǣǸһģû˵Щ¡Ҫôʲô֪ʲô˵ģʣµģԼɡ
ޱǿˣȫһ߶λ˸̲Уɵˣת
ǲ֪Ǳڹ֪ĴӶ
ǰ߻õ㣬΢ָһǺߣһҲ̫ˡ
л˵


43 
ǰ뿪, ޱոΣҹˣ۾ʣޱޱ𣿡
ޱԶ˶, ͷʵȺ¿εĳ°ãܰæǳȥ𣿡
°֪лģ˵Ҵǳȥˡкߡ
Сʯͷǳ°һˣеСԣۿʲôˣʱе
Сžûӹޱķ, ָ˶һ, ʣȥ, ڼ
Ⱞѧϰ, Ϊѵ˵ֻûдء
ѵðѧϰ, ޱôܴ, Ц˵Ȼôд֣Ǿɡ̧ͷǳȥɢɢ
ν, ֻϣиĻͷ˵С
ͬ, ޱ㳯ɵ˵¶Цݣ̳ȥת, ڼҪúдŶһҪģ֪𣿡
Сյ¿ˮ, ˵裬ͻȻȥˣܲд
Ȼޱ, ۾, һ˵, ԣʣ°֣һǰ뱣֤ȷʵд꣬һ֣һ֣һӣ֪𣿡
ڿν̶ܾͳ˸Сڰ壬Ū˺з۱ʻޱ״˳˰ѽ߳䳡档
Ȼú󣬶ޱָڰˣûʽϹóСƨǺõġ
ͱڣ붥죬óĽ߾ˣίί˵֪
źޱ͸ȥˡ
ΪҪ˵Ļ˳ȥûߣǴɳ̲źǰߡ
ǰû˿ڣޱڵȣЩ֪ôڡ
ȳ
ĿޱͣסŲӿڴݸ
ӹᣬ˵ޱޱøɣ治֪ôˡ
ûͷûԵģô⣿ޱûܾҲûʵ˵˵ȥ죬Щʲôɡ
ҴǼһȥյžֿʼңԼ˷䣬¥ҷţ˵ЩûܡˣȥˣС塭ܣţ˵˵ЩҵǸұ⡣
ͷմɰЬ˵뵽˵Щ͸˵ҲҪǸֻϣ˵ҵʱ򣬰˵仰
Ȼأ
˵û䣬˵赱ˣĻδáʣޱޱ֪һ̣Һ󱳶ð亹ˣ갡Ҽ޵ǼңԴסУѧҹȢϱȫڸٳ֣ƽʱ˵˵ҶãԺҪңôҵģ
޵ҵʱӦòС˰ɣ
ͷǻѾʮꡣ
Ǿˣ˵ɩĸ޹ȥʱ軹ԼѾǰӣܼס֣治һ
ޱһתο˵ԼɷкӣҲҪܼס㼸ֻ֣Сӣĺˣͨݴɴ಻Լ
˵öԣɷкӣǲҵĶ鶼Ҫ˵꣬ȴ̲סҧ촽˵֪֪£
֪֪²ѣѵǸҪô죿
˵
֪Ȼһжã취źСͻϼҾУ۲Ĳ֪ȴװ֪ҪԺҪҪ˹ˡ
ʣҲӣܸ˭أ
ֻǸ飬ܹ͹ܹɢġԺ˭ӣǻǿԼ뷨㲻ңԼӲҲУû˹涨Ů˱Ҹ˴
ޱ䣬ҡͷ˵飿ɲɡ
˻һӣûµĴڡ
ޱԼһ˵˸ĸʱҲһֻǵʱ̫Ŭס˾ȣʾ֭ȥο
ʱޱȷ𾪵ģ¹ȥ˺ܶ꣬Ѿǲģؼǵʱ˵ЩԼԼʱĸܡ
ʵϣޱ£Ǵ˶ԽԽҺΪͬ򱻶黮ޣ֪ûм᲻ɴݡ
ޱô˵ֻṩһ·ûзҪ˼ˣ̫ܽ£ޱûټ˵ȥֻ㻹ӣȰ㲻Ҫ£ûҪ
Ȼȥ⹣Ẉ̂˯ŵһͷɽǣȥķ޶ֻһΣ̲γø֣ˣȥҲ尾
ˣȻӹϡͿܺȥ
ޱ˼һҲûǼǳ׷ֻ˵ɣ롣
˵꣬Ŭ񣬳ޱ˸ѿЦݣ鷳ˣΪҵ·һ졣
ޱҡҡͷ˵ѣ˵Щ

صҺޱȼҵûдҲûд嶫ᣬСһûġ
ı飬쳤ȥԼдֱжͱֹˡٶȥ
ޱдֱŵǰٴԱߵӾshigG٤дֱͬŵǰԼ
ŶһԼдֱٿһ۵ܵܵģȻٿٿȥظ濴̧꣬ͷ˵ûд
ޱ㿴塣
Ŷͷ
ʲô𣿡ޱʡ
ʵʵ˵֣ܵܵдĺÿ
Ȼأ
Ȼ󡭡Ȼ󡭡ͷ벻
ޱΣʣûѧѧã
ָдֱֱ׳˵˰дôء˵ƾˣͷ˵˻ʲô취
ޱɣԺܰддһ֣дֻСöǶ٣ô
۾ˣ𣿡
ҵһ׬ˣʵϲȻÿͲð֣ʮѧӼĿٶȣ۵ʱ䣬дҵʱʮӶһС
֮úд֣ٶҲӦҵȻˣһһջѵʱ䲻һ̶١дֹУܵøעѸ˼
Ȼܹڱ֤ĻϣٶȣޱҲǺġ
ޱЦŵͷȻġ
Ժһúд֣˵ؾ˫ֱ֤˻̽ʣ裬ڿԳȥ𣿡
ޱǵдֱƫƫͷ˵ȥɡ

Թ˺裬ޱһâһ̻һ𣬿쿴Ϧ
ޱϵɵ¡
ö˼Ҳö˵Ŵ󺣣ŲĴʮ⡣
տʼܲܺܺõӦ⡣ȥЩˣޱͺǰЩݷҲޡ
˸ޱһ𿴺ʱҲð⿪Ϳ͸͸
ֻޱΪ˷ɣҪǵû̱šҲôôôô
һߣԱȣֱҲֱˣϾҲżġ
ǻޱˣֻǷ޸žۣûô죬ӻװһ¡
Ϥޱûô˼ˣöݰѵɳ̱šɳŲԶһ𣬶ԱȾûôˡ
׻˵߳īߺڣޱԱ¶Ҳʼѧ
ϻаûޱ̱ţֻ˼米ǽڣֱչš
ǵµİţޱһʱͿǷˮģʮĽϼ롣
ʱⱻƣܣ
л˵



44 
ʱ, ԶԶܣͬ־治
ոޱǻᣬͿغְܵƺޱ齥, Ͳְˣĺͬ־
Ȼܺϲζʼûзÿδޱ֣Ҫ, ˵͸ıأ
ֱ, ⸸ûı⡣
ԶԶҡͷ˵ǳ԰ɡ
ҡͷ˵ôó, ôϲء
վڷ, Сʯͷ, ˵Ƕϲ
Сʯͷдޱʱ, ǳܽζҲųһ, Ȼϲˡ
˲ϲ, Ϊܲ˿ڸ, Ǳζ⡣ֻҪܽζͺ˻᲻ϲ
Сʯͷû˰Ҳû˻, ֻޱǳԵʱ򣬸Ųһ㡣
СͰ͵¶Цݣ֪ϲ, , Ĺ, ĸСʯͷ
Сӹ⣬һԵϳ
ĹڿǻСʯͷ¶ֵı顣
ֻǿˣȴ̫ղϷúúõģСͱ߳Զȥˡ
ǳԵǱˮܹȥһԣǳԵǳȫȥų
ֻܲʯͷſԺǽԶԶؿǣʱʱߴǳԿ㡣
ΪСĴߴ٣Сʯͷӿ˽ʵٶȣͷޣڼܺʣ˺ܿɵĹ⣬׼ȥ档
ֻӸǰͼֱ˫־ǰ˵ţ
Сʯͷ⣺ôˣ
ش˵ǸճҪˢ
ʵ֤˵Ľܶͨߵģޱһγʱ϶һ˯ڣı׼Ѿ½ˢС
Сʯͷеԥԥ
ȻܽڱӺ󣬾͸ϱ˶ˢ£Сʯͷÿ춼°ÿˢҲޱĹܽ£òˢĺϰߡڻû˯ʱ䣬治ȥˢ
ֻܼ֣ˢǵߣĲٵˡ
ǽֹСʯͷЭظˢȥˡ
ӼĶţֵòУޱѧࣺҲˢǲˢҾͲˣ⼸̫ˡ
СӲޱЦ˵
룬ͷ˵Ҳǣ͵С棬ٴͷˡ
ŮͦԵ𣿡
һͷ˵Ůǹԣɶڰ˵ˣˢ룬˯ҲڣڶԸסһݡ
ޱ˵Ҳ÷˯ˡ
ε˵ҵֿⲻû𡣡
ȻסҲңǱӸϷ߿ûȣҵķֻޱһ¥һ㡣
ռ䲻󣬻ҪָԴԳʣµĵط˵ֳڼǿ
ڿӣѡ
ʵʱϷҲвٿշӣϷӸݣټǻС÷ֿ˯ͻѡǱ߽ʣҡ
ʱţķֲסȥͶˣס꣬Ⱥӳˣٻǡ
꣬ճȫӣ뻻ûû
뵽̲ס̾ʱҶ룬ҪᵽϷסˣȻûôãٿ
ޱԱ˵뻻ͻ£߻пշӡ
һ͹ҡͷˣҲ鷳Ҽ˵ŲܸųҪתҵˣȲܸųתҵʹ뻻ӡ
Ȼޱңãˣ֣ܼס
ޱȻûеĲܸųӣ֪ǼסģʣǼҷӰɣ
ûǼһﶼģסȥڿ˼ӣľû𡣡
ǼǴ󣬲ǼҷӵӦòٰɣ
ڻãתҵû͸¶shigG٤ʦ쵼֪Ҽ˵ΪǹϵرҲǡ˵꣬ѹ˵ˣû䶨ǰ鷳㱣ܣ˵¡
ͷ˶ö࣬ӶٵģձĸϣҲ⡣
ˣ𿴼ķСӣʵסŵĲܸų˵ӣʵļݣǼҷҪճϢҪǴȥסȥ˵ôͷ
Ҳޱסǰ˲˳һҪⷿס𲽣Ը͸¶¡ȻϻҲһ䡣
ô벻СۣѣǼйʱ󣬱غĺͽغľɩһܣӴ˾
ޱ֪˵ЩΪԥͷ˵ģҿ϶˭Ҳ˵
̧ͷܣò׼ûС
ȻˣȻѹòԶһֱʶȤ˵ʲôû
̲סЦޱ˵ǼôеģһϲǼͬ־򽻵
ޱҲЦڲˣ
ܵ棬ɲԼ˵ʲôʱͬ־ˣòָаǮϵ𣿡˵߸ޱʹɫ
ǣû˵ˡޱЦ˵
Ȼ˵ˡԲѵ˵Ȼתƻ⣬ˣ˵𣿡
ת̫죬ޱʣࣿΪʲô
ڴ˵ʲôֹֻҪúøɣǽӵĶܷ⻰ʼģ£˹ȥϴˣൽڴ򷹣⻰˸Ȼ˳ȥ
˵˵Щ󣬾;ǲصڣû絽Ӫ͸ೳ
ޱ
˵ǵʱÿˣţӪΪȰܣ㵢ˡԣʲô飿ɻߵˡ
ޱǻᳳܣйϵ緢¸˵ˡ
˵һ˵ôйϵأԭ⣬Щڼ紫ˣ˵ҲӱȻ϶⴫ģ϶ǻ鷳ֻ
˵Ҳǣޱͷʣôˣ𣿡
ûʱԱߺЩأûˣͳҲ㵢ˣ֪ûԿ˶ͼϰˣȥ򷹵ʱ򻹿ˣͦõģİɡ
ޱ˿ʣôˣ
ѽ
ճ̧ͷԼԺӿۣƫͷ˵µǸټ£һֱͨӰͣˣؼҷ˼д顣ףû𣿡
ҵʱû
㵱ʱӦóʱӣֻ˵Ҿ϶ˣ˵⹤Ҳȥˡ
Ҳ˵ô컹ǻعӪϰȥˣ
ǵҲǣ˵ˣȥϰ࣬͵Ƚһ̵ļ飬̧̧°ͣ˵дó𣿡

дݼ飡
ƾʲô
ǼƾʲôҪдݼ飿
ŸıԹԷ岻ͷ˵㲻дͲдû㣬ʲô
±ʹңƾʲôҪд飿ջƵľ֪ƫ࣬׷ˣҪҽһ̵ļֲܻȥϰ࣬ƾʲô
˵ͻȻִԷϿһ˿ŭ̧ʣԷ壡㻹ǲˣϱô۸ûһо𣿡
Է廹ŸӦòٴΪ˴ܣӹӪ˳
ҪʶԷûô꣬ô֪ڸģԷ˵ƾʲôд֣УǾ
ȣ㣬ʼҲǵȥӪǰô˵ģ͵£㵹ãȥͰ˸ˡҪҲ͵ˣƫƫûӴڸɵ˺˴˹ʱ㣬ѵ㣿
Σǹ㣬һεڣһ˰ɣڼʲôˣûУʲôûĵصѣ˸Ȧף޿ָժ
Ȼɫһһף˵Էûͣ˵ǲǹĶȷȥ˳ܣ֣֪֪²ûȶ֣ͱ㻹˼ֻƫ̻ˣ
ȻСû޲ɼĳ̶ȣԷһ˵ʶԼȷ˴¡
ֻԷԴ̫棬ϴ󣬱˵˵ף㻹ǲ鱣ס
ԷͷϣΪ㲻عӪϰ࣬ͦá
òУ㲻һعӪϰ࣬һƫҪȥ
Ǽ
д

ȻΪԼдΪԷĿ࿴Ǳһݴƪļ顣
øд飬ҪΪ˸ѵѹӪ굱Լңǣôҹ
û˽ϳӪ꣬ϾǾ˼ܵøԷ弸ӡ
ˣȻƪļʱǳֳ飬ûΪѸ˵Ȼϴ¾͵Ϊֹɡ
һϲллΣ
лҾͲˣΰ˵ԺֻϣܺúùҪ£ͬǺúദ𣿡
˵ģһúøͬദ
Ӧôɴ࣬ﲻЩȣǰδ·Ϊд˼飬ҲԼˡ
ڡѵְͣдôãˣ
Ȼ֪룬¶ȣ˵ʵͺˣ⼸ڼҲ룬֮ǰ̫嶯ˡͬ־ķ˰ȷҵĹҵʱҲûãŻֵǵزҲû취Ųòҵ
򷹵£˵ܵ£֪ͬ־˵ЩҲΪ˼ңԼ˲Żᣬģ칫ҳȥһǸԭҵġ
ⷬɱȼдǿˣʶˣڼΪʲôдĻˮƽͣЩֲʶ⡣
ˣֱӳȥн˰칫ң˵͡
˵ϾshigG٤ʶ˴ҪԼǸ಻¶ȱ顣ǲʱģտʼҲǼʵ˵һȥϵ͵ˡ
Ȼϵˣʲôˣ໹ǺģرˣԼһ󣬲ǺϴҪǸ
治š
Ȼţ˿ڣ쵼Ա߿ţЦ˵Ȼ֮ǰ߽Ե޹ңܲˣȻᣬҲҵǸˣ¾˰ɡ
ĻòУȴװ˿˵ӹȻǸˣ֮ǰˡ
Żε棬˻Ѹٺͺáİ칫Һ֮վûôѺˡ
ǸԺһһŷӣֿͻΰ칫Ҷ
ԺӺͻȻͣסŲ˵ˣϲ˳ϼ飬صϰࡣȻ뿪ˣҲȰһ䣬Ժ󰡣ô嶯Ͼ˶һ˵˵ǲǣ
飬Ҳװȥˣҧ˵⣬һ죬Ҫÿ
Һÿü´ŸȻЦЦ˵аҵ㡣˵ת˷
ıӰȭͷȻתӽ뿪˷ꡣ
Ȼڻǰѻ˵ôƯʵһ뵽ԼдֲŻصĹӪ꣬;رˡ
ΪˣԽϼ̻صλ͸˵£żϰࡣ
ֻǴӹӪ鲢ûкö١
ೳܣϳӪʹˣصϰ࣬ҿ϶һ֪дˡ
·ˣӹӪķ˵뵽ȥˡ
ǿʱʲô
ǲﳰЦҲˣ
ǲԷһͣ£޲ɼ
Խ룬Խڣôôأôһͳ嵽Ӫೳأ

ԣ
Ҫޱ洫ЩŭôͷҲ͸ೳ
ޱ
뵽ͻȻͣסŲ̧ͷŷԼѾߵмС·վڼԺﴫޱյǲ밤᣿
ȻյĻģ͸ڵȻͬȻƽ
ƾʲô
ԼΪЩôǱƾʲôЦôģѵͲÿ
ʣ֪𰸿϶ǲ
˵ޱԸôôã¶ôô壬֪жαжС
֮ĵһʱ˵Щȫǳںģޱأĵ¿ηΣϿñӡ
֮Ҳһֱ۾۾ӲǱӵģ˿˾ջ
ã϶ޱޱͼǺˣ˵簵뱨ˡ
ǰҲûޱԺɹ̫ô첻粻ϰʱޱǻ˵ôĻ
ޱ϶ϵˣԹ⼤ೳܣ̶㶪
뵽ޱնģ侲㲻Լû˹ҲҺùƫԸ
ҲҪúøɣҪȡӺشڣ㣡
뷨ٻصӪ󣬸ʱڿˣЩ˶Ŀ࿴ζ̲ס˼
ȻдôãԺٳ۶ӣҲĳͷɴ඼дֺˡ
Ӫˣ
Ȼ֪εԼԽԽͣԼ̬ԽԽ㣬ãָտɴ
뵽ޱ֪Լ±شںı飬˯Ц
ֻǸû뵽ûܱµشڣޱĹֶ
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ΪϢеңҪһ£Խ³ˣҲûж
ΪǸ⿪齱100ˣÿ100ңҪǶ100%֣


45 ¹
ޱ¹ǳΰæܵġ
¹˵ʵ̫׼ȷ, ϸ˵ӦǸڼְ
ְǾСѧһŮʦ, ǰ˵ӣһҵļڡ
ܹ࣬˵ڼ䣬ʦæΣÿ˶һࡣȻе, ǰҲһ, Ҵжⲹ, ʦ⡣
ŮʦݼסҽԺ, һʦΪ, ҲסҽԺ˽һ, ˵¼١
ȻСѧʦϳ㣬ʦǹ治У꼶Ϊγ, ձһʦ࣬꼶ҵ, һʦࡣ
һʦ, ̯̯Աܵùʦ, СѧУӢͷˣΪҪεİ༶һӴӵ
ΪСѧͨڿ, ʦ, ÿҪڿ, ʱѾԴʦֻ꼶ңټϿĿƣѡǳޡ
ټϸ꼶ʦȻֻ࣬ҪΣҪҵеʦͥأûʱæΣѡҪټ
֮ǰŮʦٵʱ򣬷ӢʹʦԼһ࣬ǿʦ
ͻȻĸҪεİ༶ӢǳֱͷٴʹʦҲֻʦʾܶһࡣ
ķ̸ǰӢѾʣ࣬Ŀϰˡ
ӢĻķʣûǹһʦ
ǹˣֻҲ֪СѧѧѱˣܿڣȫΪвӲȻͷԸⲹǲΪ˶ףӿ֧û⣬ѧУнְ㹻ģûࡣ
˵Ӣ̾˿һˣȼü֮ǽˣɵСӣС˺صλôţ
ӢֻؽƳڣһľɩ
ǻֻؿûڵĹģҲûô󣬾ͼޱסϷӣ˺󣬲½ġ
Ҳûô൥λСѧӰӶûС
ʵϣʱֹûСѧܱ߹ҲûѧУ飬ֻ·ȥ֮Сѧ
Ůõ㣬ӽҲҪĻ̶ȣҳʶٿҲͺȥ顣
ܱ߹ӵԱȴбúӶ뷨ټѧУ̫ԶкӳԵ˿࣬ضе޼
ˣӳСѧΪ˷ŮѧΪصĻһ
ӢǾСѧĵһʦͬʱҲСѧڣΨһһʦ
ΪʱܱԱԸ⽫޼ǿҲʲôãúȥѧУ˷ʱ䣬ڼɵҳ
ܹͶʮӣȥǾshigG٤ЩûģѾϳк͸еģѧֻʮˡ
ߺӼһСѧܹʮѧֲСѧ꼶ʦֻзӢһˡ
Ϊ˷ѧӢ˸ʽĽѧģʽʮѧͬһңϿΡ
Ͽ֮࣬ӢҲȥܱ߹ʹӣ߷ü亢ӵļҳǾӣ˵ǽ͵ѧУ
˵ȻѣŬ£ڶѧھСѧӵʮˣѧʮˡ
ʮȥСѧѧʮˣӵڵ߰˰ˣʦҲһӵڵʮˡ
˵СѧǷӢڲӷ£һְġ
ǰȿǵľԼ·㣬ǲӺѧУ档
һʦȻܽȼü֮ҲζѧУӴҪһ֧þһʦһ֧Ҳ̫ߡ
СѧְĹʱ׼ǶʮһӹߵĹʮ͵ҲжʮšͲ̫ˣСѧӢ⣬ʣµʦУõ¹Ҳʮͷ
һʦʰ͵ÿ¶ʮ㣬һһʮ֮⻹иڸһİҪġ
İǱ֧Ӣ϶Ҳգ룬ǡ
£СѧǲȱʦģֻΪʦסԺŻ༶ʱû˴
ڰнǰܵõɵסԺʦ½صλԱͻ࣬ƽ֧
뵽ķ̾˿ǵҲǡ
Ӣǰıӿˣķ裬˵һֱĺϰҲǸ°ɣ
Ӣлε˵Ҿǳ
ȻǱҵ࣬ûѧѹ⣬ϰٵóһ¡
һѧܹĸ£úǳϰһ²ǵ
Ӣ´ɱ˵룬Ҫĺӣ༶һϿΡ
ķʣĺǲͬ꼶
ӢҡͷǶ꼶ġ
ҼǵСѧ꼶ܹࣿÿжˣ
࣬ÿʮңһʮˡ
ãķʣһʮˣһ°ɣͬһ꼶γ̰ӦǴģͬʱĿΣĿ϶Ҳõͬһ꼶ͬһĿʦӦͬһˣ
ǰǣһȫΪѵҲӢαŶͷ̾
ķ´ɱ˿ڲˮ˼ſڣʦĻûһʱʦ
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һʱ˵þʹһµĿΣʱȱ˵ˣסԺʦصλҲõԱ⡣
Ӣ˼취ǿУֻ˴ң
ϵظУûкʵѧ
Ӣûҡͷ˵취̫ףǽѧ˵úѧڵĸʵеģĻˮƽǡ
ڶеģ˶ǰСѧûϼ죬͸ͣˣؼ꣬κϡͿʹһ꼶꼶
꼶ҪܺúϿΣҲܲȣǼҵúܣ֪ܶʶӱ1ѧУʦȱͷҲôӽŵĿγ̳ǰĻΣѧѧũѧʲô֪
СѧлЩϸУҲûת١
ͷӢ֪ģظЩѧһγ̰Ż߶Ͳˣ첻ǿǸ1Уûʵѧ
ΣӢ治ġ
ȻӢû˵ķʶһ죬ܲµ뷨˵Ȼ㲻ظѡˣҸƼ˰ɡ
˭Ӣʡ
ķ˵ޱ·ݸľɩ
ޱϵǼ죬Ӣȥ￪ᣬȵСѧ٣ͳϼңĸʹ岻ãȥֱ̽µײŻ
ˣȻӢ֪·¾ɩ˭ʲô֣ʲôͳͳ
ʱķ˵𣬷Ӣʣʲôѧ
ķûͷҲûҡͷֻ򵥽ޱ˵ǸУʵϾһ£ͣξͻؼˡгɼ죬пȫǰʮ
ڷӢͣǰĸֻһ£ѧҲڸбҵ߶ˣޱгɼܲ
Ӣûоʹͣסʣǰʲô뿪ѧУô꣬Ļû°ɣ
ǰϼ޷ĳβֿԱķ˵Ӣüͷ΢壬˵һֱûţԼ˸СѧãԼҺھӼҵĺɣǰʱźӣͶ˼䣬ҺѾдʮˡ
ӢʣӶ󣿡
಻꣬Ӷͦ
ӢͷǸģĺʲôӢûֻʳķޱȸ̸̸
ķһ˵Ǳ˶ӣȥйɣǾҼ̸
Ӣ⻰ΪޱסǱߣ˵鷳ˡ
ǶĽˣ˵ķЦ÷ӢҴţԼȥ
ޱӼгʱЩƣ·ķĻ˵Ҵûʦ𣿡
ʲôɵģҪ˵飬ظܸ㰲ŵĹĸоģͷʼʲôµġķޱģ˵ôûˣڼҰСѧãͦģ𣿡
ޱЦãʲôСѧãǴź棬Һҽ̡Ǻѧʽʦкܴġ
βţɱңǼӲ࣬ͻдʮˣʮڵļӼҲûʲô⡣кҽֻ̣˵СѧЩʦûһ̺ӵġ
ÿޱҪǻˣʦϱô治һס
ޱҲԾ˺üʵʵ˵ˣڽ̵ĲˣԼҺӣҽ̴Ҳ˹ҡͻȻȥϰѧ𰡣һ̴ˣⲻӵ𣿡
ķޱ⻰˵߯ûϢȻӵܣѵͲΣȡͻȻϰѧ˭ʦ֮ǰоˣʹʮˣϰôУ㲻У
ޱ˵ˡ
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ޱĬƬʣңûܴ𣿡
ķ˵УЩ˷Уϣӵܡ˵˷ӢĹǡ
ȻޱͣǰĸҴҲͣκϳиеģǵĻˮƽȷβ롣
ޱԥˡ
ʵеʦȻЩshigG٤ʦǱص󣬵ûǸʦͰĳ̶ȣҪǸ߼֪ʶӣҪǳɷ⣬˵ʲô˿ñӡ
ʲôи߼֪ʶأ
ޱǿ˸бҵ֤Ŀ϶㣬ٵרҵѧ
ڳɷ⣬ޱƶũ羭Ҽ޵ĻǵģɷҲû⡣˵һ˵ɵĲʲôסʦûϵ
ʦȽæ˲ϼͥ㣬θղҲ˵ˣʹ࣬һĽڿΡ磬ʱͶԼʱϱȽϿɡ
ڴΣ£Ҫǹ۵ʦָÿ죬˵¾жΡ
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ѧҪĸλпȱǺֵܿλ̫٣ǰܲпȱһ
ڰǰѸʱ仨ڼϣҪǿճĸλ¶ʱ䳤δȥ
ôһ룬Сѧʱͦʺ
ޱ˵ʲôųķȥҼӢ
Ӣȳķ꣬Ѿƣ˿ͦ˵Ҳͦ䡣ޱûӣ˵ԼĿģ򵥿һ
Ȼޱ뿪ѧУѾܶ꣬ʵҲѧݵڶûټϿκŪһ꼶αúɡ
Ӣޱ⣬ֻǵʦѧʶҪҪ˵˵öȤٵýԼ֪Ĵڳȥ
˿У󣬷ӢޱԿԼҪޱĿκ
ޱûֱӽԼ÷Ӣȥð챨ɾðǱ߰ȥԿΡ
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46 
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¾ɩޱӢǴ, һ, תһ룬ˣôûɣ
ǹ, ҵʱҲ̸ˣоɩȥð״, ˵ڻû, Ͷˣ̡ķ˵ðξ, ˵̲ԣһˡ
Ӣüͷ΢壬û˵ðʲô, Ͼһλ, ûоʹ˶˵, ֻ¼Ȩ̲ԣ油ϲˣ
ҵʱҲô˵μֲУ˵ɩ֪ˣһʱ˵Ҫ绰ϵظسǰŸϰ࣬û취Ű˵ͬ־ְ
ܽ浽ӵֵͦ˷ӢҲ˵֮ĶԹ⻰;òԣʣ֥ϲޱ
ķû֥ŵ˼˵ǲϲޱǲϲޱɷܣ֥иֶŮ֪ɣ
Ӣʣǰϰǹ
ҽԺǰһҽˣʿҲһֻùӢȻʶơ
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Ӣüͷ𣺡ȷ˽ģ
ķ˵ҪôʣҾͲȷˣϾ˵ȷµ̡
ô˵֥ȷģ֥ԸôܰŵȥҽԺϰࡣ
ֻӢ˽˽ⷽ滹ǵý㣬ܰѻ˵ʵˡ
Ӣܲ˽ֻ֪϶ôģƫƫŵˣûǴֻ֥˵һȥһ˾ð죬̸̸ޱͬ־Կε¡

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ޱ˱ˮͷһڣղڳķеţˮûҶȼڣеʡ
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ޱ֪֮Ҳðա
ܱЦҲ˵ҿǾͺֻҪϽ̨ʱӳӦûʲô⡣ޱʲôʱȥϰࡣ
黹ûأУ˵ȥСѧԿΣûӦȥð챨ޱ˶٣ô̸İɡ
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ȷޱбۿܡ
ܽһأĻ
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ܳ˼ãҡͷһԣû⡣
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ޱǺǿģҡͷ˵ûУҾͻȻ뵽ʡֽ˵ʵ˼ʵ˵ȻĵûʲôӪ˺ܸˣϲԷ죬Ϊǿ˵ͷ
Ŷʾˡ
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ǲùܣӢȴ⣬ֱ˵Ѿޱͬ־̸ˣ߸Ͻ֪ͨ絽ѧУԿξС
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47 
Կεº˳ض, ʱеִ٣㿪ޱֻһ, һʱ׼
оĽʦԣСʱıʱ㹻ˣޱû飬ʱеš
ڷУûΪ˼˿α, ѹסԺĳʦǰдĽ̰, ο
, ǰޱȻûʽд̰, ĥСʱ, дһģĽ̰
Ϊ̨ܽ˳, ̰дޱڼԽ顣ѧСʯͷ⣬°Ҳ˸
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տѧһ£ʦ޷Щ, ĸνƷƵ, ΢ľӶûѧ
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Ȼޱǰͨһαֶνʱֶһ飬صֽһ顣̫°һӼǲסôݣݺȥαкֲܶʶ
ʶ֣Ӱ쵽°öµ⣬Ϊޱúǳԡ
ټϳ°εĿĺȷ񼸸ӣžͱ¸סˣȫԼ
ˣޱｲúãｲòôã˵һ
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СʯͷΪ°ã𣬴ͷβǴġ
ڳ°úѾ㹻ʱޱѾǳ˿ٿ̰ͦģ
СʯͷȻʲôûע⵽ʱ͵͵˶赸ޱǰʹ
˵赸ʵֻ߱Q߻֣ɤŵͦ󣺡//̼Ӽͣ
ޱڼ棬ñ˿ˡ

Ȼķոޱ˵µʱޱԼǽʱᷢʵԽshigG٤ԽסǳȵؽһÿΡ
ڽҺ棬ÿεķӢͱӢϽʦ԰ޱıֺ⡣
˵ʵǿƵģӢֱǾϲ
ȻޱβڼҲͣٵʱ򣬵ݵķǾСѧнʦûеġ
ֻǾСѧݣޱĶָ
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ޱܻǵӢע⿴ˣûһӷǵˣޱʱǻӻԾ
ǷӢԼĿϣҲʱ
Կν󣬷ӢֱӸޱѴεȷ
ȻʱʦޱĹûۿۣÿ¶ʮ飬÷Ĺҵȯָʽһ
֮ǰ˵Ĳ࣬࣬ÿĽڿΣࡣλÿ춼УΪԶطѧǣСѧκĽڿϣҲ˵ޱߵʮܵѧУС
úԼУҪľʱʱȥһۣһ±ɹôҪ졣
Ϊ֪ޱӣӢ˵԰ѺӴѧУľɩ԰æģѺӴ༶ҲԣֻҪӲ־С
ܵ˵ܿɡ
̸ֻ󣬷Ӣʾޱû꣬½ڿҲ˳ˣʸӽ
ޱаɡ

ݵγȵͣʮ·»ûԾСѧ绹˯¿ʱҲûе
ϿΣһڿʮӣڿνʮ
γ̽󣬷ӢԴޱ칫ңһµİ칫ⷢ˽ֱ̰īˮȰ칫Ʒλͬ¡
λһСѧʦǾɩޱʶʵҪӢرܡڷӢͷʲôû˵ЦŸҴк
̬ȶƣȷӢߺޱ칫лưƵľɩ˵룬Уһˡ
ưƺ칫ŵ޻ҲתͷЦǰУ˺ü죬һϾͼЦˡ
⻰ޱ̫ýӣ˵ǰ̫Լ£˵ǰ̫αСѧʦסԺӢתܣοΪŻʹһ
ޱڳ½ԿӦı׼Цݣǫ˵ԼˣǰûʦԺкܶҪ̴ҵĵطұ
ޱ½ľСѧֻʱʦĻ칫Щ⻰ϲ˵Ҳ˿
÷ӢͷȻֻǶ꼶Ҳһȫûнѧΰ
ûޱ֮ǰֹӢҶѹһΪ쵼鲻ã쵼ٸԼ
ޱ֮󣬲ӢЦݣҲ˿㶼Ц˵Ҳ̫ǫˣҪû£żУҲΰ
ô˵ظʾԺʲô㾡ʣȻ̶꼶黹еġ
һʱ䣬칫ڣޱҲ˳ʦȺС
ʰؼҵʱޱǸưƽߵģưûΣͨһڿΡ
ûã˾ͷֿˣưסǱߣ˲˳·
ޱһ·ֱУܼʱսȥ׼ؼҡ
ΪܼǰԺûˣޱֱ˽ȥ˳Ժ°ӡ
ޱȥʱΪϷѾеֵ̣̻òˣȻûӮΣƬҽžû
òױĵͷ׼ƬʱͻȻ衱תͷû裬Լһƨ˵ϡ
ڵȺǿޱˣȴû˵Ϻˣߵܵ˵㣬ҶƬˣ
𣺡ԩ
°ǴЩҪΪ˺庢ӣûʲôʤô˵Ƭ
Ϊ¸˸ƨɶ׵ġסȻûзԵСʯͷҲνȦĵصڶûӮĿˡ
һûȼƬ
̲ȣȱĻ˵һȣȶʵеΪû׶˸ƨɶס
û˦Ķֻ̾ߵ⡣
ϳȦĵĸŵڶǴ󻧣Ժɾ󣬶ҼƬʱǶżġ
Ķˣޱֲɿ
ҲûӮ󣬳°ñϾǴ·ˮӮ⼸СƨǺɵġ
Ϊ֮УӮû̫ˣҲû̫ɥ
ʵϵϷǸעޱԿν
ԿιУޱͨӢıµ˽Եõ϶𰸺ûоر˷ܡ
һֱղޱǺܵģȫûҫ뷨
ʱ˿̣ų°úڴı飬ޱ̲סƨһΣ˵ҳ⹤Ȼֵ
ֻǺȻޱƨ˶
º󣬶±ƣʣ裬ֵʲô
ޱǹ˵˼
һС׷˿գŵ۾ʣʦ𣿡
ǣʱġޱ˵
ɻ󣺡Ϊʲôʱģ
ޱ˵ΪСѧʦȥæεİʦصѧУϿΣͲʦˡ
Ȼ򣺡ԭ
һڴʣҪȥϰ𣿡
Ϊޱǰй֪ϰʲô˼ʣȥϰˣҺ͸ô죿
̴յߣ˵ȥϰĻû˹ǣǿ
°˵ҿ԰æչ𡣡
תͷŹؿޱ
Ȼ軹ûеͷԺѾδ˯˯ȻѣϷ浽ȳ
ҪǣӽԺҲϿ
Ҹ˲䣬ѡޱֻʱʦ¾жεʵ
ޱڶڴĿ΢΢ǣ𴽽ǡȻشĻ룺ˣҴȥѧУϿΡ
𣿡°ʡ
ޱǳЦ˵Һӵ£ûʲôģǶܵѬգǰѧķΧ
ʣ裬ǸȥϿεĻǲǲϿˣ
Ȼܰޱϳ˵ÿڿΣγ̶磬Ŀγ̲䣬簲˿ΣǾͰѿγŲ磬ģ϶ùǵѧϰ£
۾shigG٤ˮ
л˵
һ
Ϊûд壬ټдñȽԶϾŵ㡣


48 Ⱦ
ޱ˵ܽԿ, ԴӾӪصңܾԿν
ˣݶ, ʰͼ㣬һ¶ʮʽޱʢһ̲˵
֮Уܺرʾ˾ȣЦʣǲǵףף
ޱֵĶסûҪ, Ǹڹ, ҷˡͷף, ޷¹Ӵһ, 극, ڳȥԲʵ, ̫˷ˡ
ȻǶڹϵĵһݹȻбҪһ˵, ôף, 벻Ⱦƣ
ޱ̧ۿʲôƣ
ʲôƣ, ת˳ȥš
ڼҲôȾƣޱǵξƲմ, Զֻʣ°ƿ׾ƣ֮ǰղʣµģ42, ޱԿеߡ
ܳȥ˵ʣƿ׾, е, ҳȥưɡ
ޱŲϷţȾư
ܵͷ˵ţ㻹ûȹϵľƣóޱҪǮƱΪһ˽ȫϽˣûС
ͷϣޱͷ˵аɣһ㡣¥ƱǮ
ʵҪƱȻܵ˽ǮûӴ˸ǮƽʱһǮ¥£ڶԿڶ񶥲Ҫõʱ򷽱á
տʼܻǮ̣ȻǮ֮ǰޱ˵һ
ΪźӣҲܳ飬ټ֮ǰޱʱȥ˸β飬Ϊ̣Ժ÷ΰͿʼˡ
񫲻أӦòѣǹ࣬Ҫ̣ݵϲ黹öͼ䣬˻ᱻ˴Ȥ־˼ĸš
ڣҲûȫֻ̽ϴ٣һҲǮˣڻӶǮҪֱӳޱ֡
ǮĸʳӦúǷ棬ʱʱżƱƱÿǰ¥á
¥£Ҫⶫޱľ飬ܽΪһ£µģơ
ͨ³µģվȥôõ
ҵƱƱЩõƱ֤Ƿ¥ϣҪʱȥҡƱҲһǼû˺ȾƣżžƱҲǷŵȹڡ
ޱ¥Ʊ֤Ĺӣ﷭žƱйȻһŹڵģʣżһ׾ơ
ޱƱȥǮҲи࣬ǽһ䣺̫ơ
ܴӦúúõģʱȴƿһװҬӾƣ֦ƣаŴ׾ƣƿװҬӾƱģ֦ƺŴ׾ƶ㿽ƣҪƱʣ˰Ʊ
⻹ҬӣҬӵûʲôơޱʣǲ̫ˣ
𣿡ʡ
׾ƻ
ŶԣȻȾƣһֱҵʱһ˸ɵˡ
ںܻɣǲǽŸף壬Լľ񫡣
ܽ˵⼸ƶߣҿζƫԶҶǰ׾ƣţȲ꣬Ҳ´κȡЩ֮ǰǹɲǺһǮ
ޱҲ˵ùȥͷ˵аɣȺɢװģƿװĺ˵Ȼ׾ƾţܶ˵ƶͣžʧȥζ
˳ˣʢʱޱкϴֳԷ
ıؽԺӣʱ򿴵ŵƿӣŲһմչʣʲô
׾ơ
ָɫƵŴ׾˵ƭˣǻɫģ
㿽ƶҪԼƿȥ򣬵ܳʱûû°࣬͸ϴɾ͸ƿ
ޱ˵׾Ҳнɫѽ
׾ôǻɫһףһƣ㲻֪𣿡˵ţָָҬӾƵƿӣǰɫģȻָָŴ׾ƣǺɫġ
ޱֵ˵˵ǣǰ׾ƣҲǾƣֲܺȣô
Ҿͺʣûȡͷ˵
ûȾ͸Ͻϴȥޱ˵ţ˳ķŵϡ
Ҳϴɾĸ׾Ʊˡ
˵ǰ׾Ʊʵõıӱͨ׾Ʊ٣ˮе㡣
ޱ֮ԻȫΪҪƱҼ۸Ҳ󣬻ܸճһףûˮҲС
ޱ̫ҰѰ׾ƱãëëŰѱˤˣƷˤ׸ˣ´ɱȫЩ
ޱֻڳӣרõģʣµϴɾ˶
óıУޱģóϴһ飬ٹһ׿ˮͿֱˡ
¾Ʊʣʲôƣ
ƾưɡޱһָŴ׾˵
ޱĻֹܵҾ˵֮ǰ˵˰ɡã϶ʶ˴󣬲ŻĿ˵ǻƾơ
ޱ
Ϊ֪ޱ᲻ϲֻһ㣬ûףȳζȻԼ˰뱭
Ȼ˵Ⱦƣ͸ŵĽɫľҺ̲ס촽
ӵС飬˵Ҭ֭˵Ž˰ѵҬŪ֭򶼵뱭С
ȻҬ֭ҲܺúȣɫǳҬ֭ͽɫŴ׾Ʊʵڲ̫ˡ
ֻҲְ϶ȾƣֻջĿ⣬ԼĵϣԼıһڡ
ޱҲŴ׾һڡ
ξƲմΪģΪϲơƾÿ࣬׾ƾΨһζԵģǽʯ޷ĳͬ´ϼҴĻƾƣûơƵĿ࣬Ҳûа׾ƵζǸġ
Ŵ׾ƸȹĻƾе񣬿ζҲƫ𣬵ֲ̫񣬻ζᣬƣǹ֭ޱûȹĹ֭ݲ֮ͦúȡ
ζôʡ
ޱ˵úȡ
ٶ㡣ƿޱƣ˾Ʊϲ¹
ţҲ˾ƱҬ֭ѧŰְף衣
ǾʣűӣǺףҵ¹
˵ҵ¹ʱǺܸ˵ģԼӭšôˣΪ˵ˣϿζҪ
һÿ첻ѧУڿΣصһüϿΣѧϰʱǰǷַ
ѡ
̾˿ؾҬ֭ôԸعϲ衣
ȻôĸԸⳡ滹ǺڵģޱƱȻǳһŴ׾ơ
Ŵ׾ƣָޱ˰뱭֦ơ
֦ɫҬ֭е񣬵ȻֻǿŻоζģڸкޱҲܽܡ
ںȹ־ƺޱҬӾҲ˼ڴžƾshigG٤ܡ
ƿҬӾƺȴûԸֱӴ򿪣ǹʣ˵Ⱥɢװ𣿡
Ȼľƶܵͣޱ뱭ְ뱭ҲжټǼ˾Ȼȵ٣û治ãŷ˿žеˡ
ƷûƷ裬ֻܵĻܲ˵죬۾ľƲ˵
̬ȺԣҪȡ
ȻЭҬӾƣޱ˸û׵ľơ
ҬӾζҲûô𣬵ҬŨޱһںͣò̫㽫ƱƳȥ
ûƣ˵ˡ
ûһҪȡÿһ˶ôá
ޱЩˣƷҪƺȵ˲ֻͬſڷ˵ϣգˮ۾ܡ
ʱе
ˣѾߣޱʱûʱûֿסָޱһҬӾơ
ûȫȻֿ΢һ£ʱ˵һΡ
ޱʱӦúúõģƾˣſָһѾƱƵǰ
ܼ۾
˲ԣһغܡ
ޱôܣǸѧģϵ˶ϤľͺXϤľͺXƺܽǰ
ޱżȻȤѧôܡ
ôܾ̫ܣ±˲ãͷԼҲ᲻˼
ƺҲȷ࣬ôʱ򣬻᲻ԾϳŴ˼ǣá
ܵһôƺԼڴϣرŰܣһ㡣
Ȼ
غܣ˵˾һ㡣Ϲεȷô⼤󣬾Ͳϴˡ
ֻڵʱŻ⺰ƺ𣬵
ÿοģ̲סĥ
ʱҲ̲סĥĥģӶһֱ˵ֻٴͶơ
ޱˣҪҬӾƣҪŴ׵ġ
ܸƵʱͻʣ˵־ƻ쵽һʲôζ
ܺѺȡ˵
ޱžƱŽƵľҺҡҡͷ˵ˣǲ˷ʳˡ˿ھƣ
ⱭƺޱûмҪơ
Ϊˣſڷ۾˯˹ȥ
ܷ¾ƱޱԷԵ˵ˣұȥϢ˵ͻˡ
°ͿǵıӰŤͷʵܵܣˣôôˣᳳ֣ܲһܻǺ˯ˡ
˵Ҳ˾ô
̫⣬תͷֻʣƿһŴ׾ƣ촽˵ƿ϶ܺúȡ
ǳġҡͷŹ
ǳأ㲻Ҳϲԡ뷨ߵ֮ǰλãƿŴ׾ƣյƿᣬ۾һ˵ǳġ
ţͱžƿǰһţĲ
ͷţ˵š
Щʧžƿ˼
ǰǵܾܵܺóԡþŲܵ˵ţԡƿ϶ܺúȣ
ͷԼ۸ߵܵܣ˵밡ƲúȣΪʲôôࣿ
˵ˣ˼ǡְ費ǺȾơ
ǾͺһǰѾƿŻȥְô֪ȻϺŪѧ
磺ǡǳһ
ǣܴ¥ľֻС
л˵



49 ͷ
ޱǰ˵, ͷʹ󲢲ãֻƲסֺٵ, Ρ
Ϊȵòʡ£Ϊҹˡ
뵽ҹ£ޱɰһ̧ס, ͻٷ, ۾װ˯
۾, ԵҲƿ, ϴܽ, ߵ¹ǰҳҪĳϡ
׼ۿ, ϸ΢תͷͿޱ˸ʣǲǽҪϿΣ
ǡ
ѿڶ, ޱסԼˡ
Ц, ܣô֪ˣ
ԡƵ˵, Ŧߵޱߣʲôʱѵģ
ޱ̾˵ѡ
̾á
ޱ̧ۿǷ⽨š
ܵͷϣ˵Ҳá
ޱͳЦݣȻһ, Цݾͽϣ㲱ӣ
Ŷ˵⣿ϵצۣץġ
ޱٴסô죿
쵲, Ӧÿܱ˵, ߿ϷͿۡ
𣿡ޱ̫, 壬ָʹ˵㶯ӣҿ
ܾͶ˶ӡ
ץƫĵطλòߣܵסҲͣƫͷʱ򣬸պվߵĻпܻῴ
ޱʣܱƫͷ𣿡
ԣ°ڵĶͣסʵʵ˵æʱҿܹ˼
ҪǱ˿ô죿
ܹ𴽽˵˿Ҿ˵èץģϱץġ
ޱ㲻ֱӱ֡
Բ۾ЦøˣȻǰһڣο˵Ȼһ첻ұ߿еѣҿԸ˱־룬ڷ𣿡
ˡ
ǡޱһۣǹģ
ܵͷϣ㡣
ô̹ϣޱ÷ˣص¹ǰȡ¾װףϺͻȻ˵ˣˣұʱûע⣬͵Ŵ׾ˡ
ޱΪԼˣʲô
͵Ŵ׾ƣģûȶ٣;ƿһ㣬ֻûȹˡ
ǲࡣޱӴЬȥڿӡ
˯㣬֪εʲôͷͣޱֺЦ˰˵С棡
Ȼû£ޱһܵĲ뿪ôܲѾƴأ
ܳϿҽʾϣޱٽһ̵ĽѵҪʶ
ޱžòԣΪʲôǽѵҪ
һ͵ȾƣҲǣǲǺҽѵٺҲá
ޱʾûϵѾʱ䣬ϻٽѵҲһ
ܣУһ˵
ȻޱѵϸĻøܣǼ䣬Ż˵Ϊ͵͵ȾƣְַǳԽ󣬻úø̸̸£׼
ںܶͥְ־shigG٤ͨ෴Ľɫϸĸߴȸĸгģгġ
ڼȻûϸĸĳ̶ȣӵȷܡ
ȻޱҲʱ򣬵ܺ˵ͺǿЦ
أȻڼҲٷƢˣֲޱܲµºͣǰͨŵ㡣
رô˵̾뵽˸ϵʱ򣬱ְֱ¥ݵĳ
µǣͷ󣬰ְֻҪ˰ּ֡
˰ٸжٶû
Ȼ˵ꡰҴҲÿ¥Ժ󲻸ˡĻʼáҴԺ󲻸ˡҲˡʱҪǰְ̫£һ޳ģ
ˣ֪Ҫ̸̸ȶӾͶ
ѽ
ҲеӸѰҼְοڿı뷨
绹

Ϊܵ壬һֵɹˣر뵽ҪޱһȥѧУϿΣ̲ס̾
쵽ѧУҿӣڵðԴÿɸˡ
轲ЩݣҶ仹һͷͣʲôƮġ
ǿ㣬ȻҲãмޱҪ˿αһ˲֡
ޱսĿ֣ǰޱûĿģöҲϸ߰˰ˡ
ȻޱŽ˼ʮ֣ܲڼҵʱ˯𾭳῿߶鿴ʶʵԶȼʮöࡣ
Сѧ꼶Ŀģ±һ꼶ܶ࣬ôҲ̫ӣܶظͦߣɴ£״˼ЩʵڲͷŹҲûѧϰֻ㿴
Ҳȷ㿴ȻĿÿһҳͣʱ䶼̣ԼˣõܵӦǿġ
ҲҫһԼ˭֪ܿܶˡ
ޱҲû뵽Ϊõ󣬿ֻһƪġ
Ҳ𼸾䣬ж䣬Լص˼ܻشòࡣ
ޱ̸֪ߣãټԿεʱܰݸò࣬ûж룬ûжʡ
ǻư𣬻ûһʣѧ꼶ģ
Ȼÿĸ׶ӳޱӿɣҲϣӮϡ
ͬʱҲϣһͯ꣬ѧУڽҺ棬ֻΪܹ˵ùҲ̫鷳°ãϣöô棬ѧٶ
úǿٳɳȫھͰѺ͵ѧУʱȻѧ䣬ܶѧУܵòϣֻҪϽȣĺҲѧУաȿܻеѣ϶û⡣
ԺС˵ʮȥ׶࣬ڣظϹ⻷
ޱЦ˵д̰ȸÿΣ֡
ưûж룬յʦǻҲд̰Ҳ͵͵ü飬ͷ˵⣬⺢ڻܼǵôݡ
áޱ˵
ưһ˵ǿɵúúʲô̶ȣȴû˵ҪǸ߿ͣô꣬ɼöܸʲôҲûʲô
˵ʱֵҲҧ䡣
ɻ󣺡Ϲ𣿡
ʵģܻ̣Ǻˡ
ǰǺˣҲˣôϿΣûֵܵܵıӣ˼
ֱ극һ˵֪ˣ϶Ͽˣ
Ÿ˷ܵı飬̣ûѡ˵ڡ

ΪİְֵӲֹѧУԣؼҺҲԵòˣԷʱޱ˲ˡ
ޱûӣûˣǣֻȥӡ
ǵܻصңͿֵԿӣڲסʣǽôôڿ죿
˿˵ΪǶǺúӰ۾ؿŰְ֣ϣ𷣡
Ȼ˽˵úӲ͵ƺȡ
ֵͷϴ֪ˡ
֪˾ͺá̬ܶȻ⡣
ԣ̧ͷڰʣǰְֿԲ𣿡
ǵİְֺԭ򣺡Լͷܲʱ䣬ͷµȳ˵
ȻܵĴԻֵãְֻȷǣȻԷʱһֱĵģӰθڰ
ձӰθڵӸһ뷹ҲҪ
Ȼǲģ巣
ҳװɢװƵƿӣʣµ֦ƺ꣬šӣһ˷˸Ƿֿ˫ţ˫ֱͷϡ
ͷֵ˿ǻΪ£ֻǾƿӣü򵥡
ǰӣӶôġ
ʮӣǿʼᣬͷʼð̲סʣְ֣Ҫٶð
ֱܿ˵ʮӡǾٰСʱϴ̬ãʮӡ
ʮӣֵҪŲסˣֻֿʼҲŲסʻжá
ܱʱ˵ӡ
ֵһ󰧺ʼޱġ
ڹ̺ܽ棬ޱӲ֣±ǸѵôС͸͵Ⱦƣ˻ˣ
ޱǳؾܾǡ
ֵֻתͷȥְ֣ȻڿװͰ͵ı󣬷׷ѡҧס촽
ᵽʲôж꣬Ȼڻ֪ѧʱԼͬ
ʱһһȥӵֶԽԽϵ·ˮ͸źˮ
ղŻܾΪޱˣܣҪ
ƽشĻ˵Ҹһѵ
ޱͣתݡ
ܼͷֱʱߵһӣ塣
ġ


һǿԷƿˣ˵ǿǷţӡ
̷˫ְֵֵľ棬æֹס˫´Ķƿӷŵǰĵϡ
ûȥƿӣֻɫƽؿźµӣʣԺ󻹸͵Ⱦ𣿡
ӹҡͷˣԺҲˣ
°ְ־ò˼䣬ȵû˲ֹͣεİְֱϴλҪ£ϴظĳȴûʾͲҼ˵ˡ
ڰְû˰ٴμֵ˼˵ȻˣϢɡ
˵ţ̧ͷʣ͹ˣ
ܽ˵еףòپٶʮӡ
̰ͷҡø˹ƵģȻְֵߣ̱˿ɳϡ
shigG٤棬һᷢİû̱ƣվ˸ߡ
ֵ֪ŸɳϢޱ֪Լĵе࣬ǹһ䣺۲ۣ
ֵ˵رۣ
Ժ󻹸Ҳ͵Ⱦƣޱʡ
ֵҡͷˣ
̲סֹһ䣺֣һ㶼úȣôࡣ
Ȼ󣬵ɳôޱĻѣʱֺЦƲú㻹͵ȣ
˵ǰûȹ
ޱʣԺǲûȹĶ㶼Ҫһ£
Ҫشɨİְ֣ʱһ飬˵ְҺȵģҾͺȣְֲҺȵģҾͲȣ
ȻԼӣʱ˿̣ޱҲȵûۿס۾洫ޱޱڼ𣿡
ڡޱӦָָ˵ҳȥǳһϴ衣
ܵͷá
ޱ߳ȥѭ
һüëšʲôˣΪˣ
Ȼϴμʱ״̬Ͳ̫ãûڵĳ̶ȡʱ˫޹⣬۾·һƬ촽԰ףݣȥЩجج
ޱĻ룬ŽĿⶨϣȻЦҡͷΪѹҡķĲ¡
ޱµԭȴû˵ʣΪʲô
û̻ش𣬴ͷ˼˼Ӳ̧ͷ˵һ֪岻¡
տʼΪԼΪλװƲȥ׷ʱƣŷܡ
ʱ֪֪Щ£ʱԼЩĸֵ
֪Щ˯Լߵģǹ
л˵
һ
PSӵղ~
ǿ󶨵Ļ
ͯǳʮ걬죬ʮõеһӰ󽱱ʮţʮɷǧڣԸƧĶҲ̸ߴһٰˡ
ܿɷһͯӣӮеӮҡ
ԼҲôΪģֱ
[ѹֶ˵Ůĺ룬ֻŵʱã˳û£ʹŲļˣ̣ǧڲƲ̳ˣȴĥ˻С~]
[ǰĻ᲻˵ǿңʱֶȲܵ𣡣]
[õķ룬꣬ôܼʺ磬ûз裬ôᣬʹİԵôŮꣿ]
[ȷǻꣿӣ]
ԣɷٸļ޴ĥķ裿ҶǱܴĥ۳ǿҰԵ
õģ˽ˡ
*
е֣
ðְÿﹲ°࣬˵ҪΪ̼ŷųһ
ȻҪÿ챳аٰ˳ܣһʣطΪ٣ΥҼΪܣɼסˣ

һǸӰ


50 ̫
֪֪ûô, 취͸¶ķӦ֪ˡ
Ҳûô򵥣ȥ̽˲, ȥ֪ЩµĻܲòʵӦܱʱԼ, һһ, ͹ȥˡ
̽, úν, ƫҸ, βôȥ׻̫ͻأ, ױߡҸ죬ȥ׻ױ߷, һ
ôˣʲô˸ͬʱ, ϵأ
Ҫ, ʵҵô治סȻʲôŮ겻ͬϯŮб˼ȻڣοﶼǷ, һˣϱôô£һֲã⡣
, ΪźעԼ, δ˵ЩĻ, ҵסò̫Զһܲµȥģ⡣
һҵ˾ͺˡ
̲סЦҴû֮仹Ҫôࡣ
ޱ˵ǷҪô࣬ڲں
ںΣԲôίȫֱӽͱδõĸȥƫ裬ŹһҲǲС
ΪǷ޾Ӧû̹ϣʵϣ֮һûĵĶȥˡֻҪ㹻ãһӣ˿ҲǽҸһ
ν飬ΪϲˡôТ˳ţСӣҲΪˡ
ΪںԵҿĿҶٻصǸҺ󣬿ʼշתߣҪŪǵĻ﾿治ƭ
ȻҪŪͲòЩ򱻲ߣҲò𰸣޷֪ġ
һ˵ˡ
˭ȥ̽
ȻͿǺˣ¶ĺܿȷѡɣҰţϸ졣

ΪҰţֱ£ᱻοޱȥҺˡ
սȻ̫ûȫȥѾ˿˿⣬ﲻ˶Ժ
ڵԺҲ⣬סվشһ죬һȦŮһȦκɷ϶һ飬ΪӵĹϵǶʶޱξʣͬ־ôˣȥ𣿡
ޱЦ˵˽˵أҹ㡣
⼸Ů˿ɲ򵥣һ¼񣬳ȥ￴Ӱ޵۾׵ػü˽ֵü졣
ÿ˶ñӣñҲûȲñʵö٣ЩŮȴϲòУһñ
ֹŮҲһһñӡ
֮ǻñӣҪΪСѼ۾Ͷдģܿ߻߻治˶ģϱ첹·û⣬廨Ϊˡ
ƫҪСѼһ۾һͶУ˺ü졣ֵϱͷֻۣȥܽϱŰѶӺá
Ӽ﷢ͬļͥȱȽǣһ˶˼ȥƲ˶ԸԺܶຢӴʵǻɫñЩҳ廨ģûлӣҲô
ˣǼյһ𣬻Լϱ϶Ȥʣʲô⣿
еƻڰֻûһƲܸǡޱٵ˵
ͦء϶Цޱڳϴ롣
ޱл̧߽϶
ǵһ ǼҵĲѾϤö࿴ֱ߽
ϴ룬š˿Ĩڲ̨ޱʣôˣ
ޱžshigG٤˵
̨߲˵ţ˵
ȥҼİɣ²̫Ǽ˵
ʲô°صġ϶ӣ˵Ļ࣬ӣϴָһȥ
ޱӦɾ̨ɨһȥԡϴ֡
ϼҳʱϸ̫ӼЦŴк
Ȼ̫ϱ̱ܿ˳÷ǵ̱мִüĿԲ۾¶Ц˵ҲģҪţЦޱλ
ϵ£ֻΧ˸죬ûޱ档
˵ޱҺľɩָޱ̫ݡ
Ȼޱ̫̫ûʲôøУǸ˴˸кӺá
úãŮˮ顣ֺ̫ǺǣǲʣϱղŲȥ𣿡
ޱ˵ȥˣҼҸڵľɩ͹ȥˡ
ûʲô¡̫˵
̫󣬵ޱԶȻһ̧ͷԺһͷΣЦŴ˵⻰ɲԣ֮С¶һģôǵйܴһ˵˵
̫ˣмӲޱ̫˵æͣСͬ־ˣҾһ˵û˼
Ժһͷǻ̫ԣ߹ʣôˣ
̫æ˵ûʲô˵Сͬ־ˣղѾˡ
̫⻰ǰԼϣһ̫̫ǴϼҸչޱΪڽǣռҲе۸ˡοʵΣΪӣȻƫԼĸס
üޱЦ˵ûʲôֻ⻰ǧ˵޵ǼҺ󣬼ҪТ˳ҪչСӣҲΪ˺ӣһֱûȥϰ࣬Ҫ⻰ˡ
ԣüëøˣβǳޱʣղ˵ʲôˣ
û
̫ϣ˵֣ͱˣޱޱСȥˣޱޱش˵СС£йȥˣȻӾ˵Сûʲô¡
̫ˣ˵ҡҾһ˵û˼
׻˵һůºˣô˵ͺˣΪǼҲôֻ꣬жѹޱ㵽ֹӪǻ£ˡ
˵겻Σߡ
ڸǲתסˣܲȱС˵Լ
ޱû̻شֻǳĬؿΡ
ûлرܣ̹ؽ˵һú̸̸СǸ
Ավŵ̫ɫˣӣ
ޱſڣãҴӦ㡣

մڵԺ߳סޱʣ㿴СŸղŵıûУƽʱЦеģһΪԸرãСŹϵҲûô
ƽʱû𣿡
ʲô
ܳӪڵʱ
¶ɻ󣺡ô𣿡
ޱʣҰţѵһ㶼û
ͣסŲŬҳŵʱǼеһȥʹһΣʱС˵ӣСҲûϣҾû롣üëšѵʱѵС
ޱ˵ǡ
ɫˣҡͷ˵ܰɣҿƽʱСͦõģѵСʵʱô˵
Ķãղô˵ֻ˵һ˵û룬룬ô˵𣿡
ԥҡͷȻᡣ
̫ǻûһ֣赭д͸¶ȴǶӣ𣬾ûʲôҪ̸Ҳʲô¡
̫һͰڳԶϱĲϲ˵⻰Ҳûʲô
ΪǼҲô̫꣬ϵͷڼ˶ģϱ
һţ￴ϱܲ˱
̲ס˸£ץסޱʣ£֪𣿡겻ޱش˵ղŵķӦӦò֪ɣ
ϣɡ
л˵


51 
ޱҿʱ, һ
ȻסڣÿҪϰ࣬ؼ˻Ҫ, Ҫϴϴ·ÿæ궼ˡ
Ȼÿ춼ܴ棬ĩܴյһ˵ʱ治ࡣ
Ǹ߿ģޱ˵Ϊ, ֮˵һ, еڶ, Ҳڶޱʱǰ, ϰάֱĺƽ, ѹ, ҲἷЦ
ţΪûϢãϳŵʱ˵˯, ٰҹ
ղޱȥʱһּԺ, ƲסȥЩ, ԽԽܣ̲סۿ
ܸϴĿ϶ˮʱĿ, һˣȥ壬˿, ΪŪ޵ġ
ϴ, Ҳȥǽг, ɴͲˡ
ǵ߽ޱԺӣľ˫ۺף۵ڵģ˲뵽˸ղŵ£סޱѹʣС˵ŵ£
ޱͷ˵
²ʣҹΪȰС
ޱûţ˵ǣæ֪֪Щ¡
Ǹˣһޱ⻰֪űģ϶ԼĹֶˡЩѾӰ쵽ޣ˵εĸ顣
һ̣ʼԼ֮ǰ뷨
裬ôĥϱĲ֪֪ȴװ֪Щĵʲôӣ
룬úʣҸô
˵ޱ˵ţߵǰӿڴݸɡ
л˵ǿЦˡ
ѣ˵ЩʲôϿûһ̲ס˵Ҳǣƽʱ˵¶䣬ôǰ˰ˣ
Կޱޱһ˵˶ӣ˵ע㡣
˵ˣһ̧ͷڿһ˵ԼԺӣ뵽ޱ£ͰѵߵĻ˻ȥ
ʱܸӴ·
ϴѾѪЬıسˣͣסŲ̺ãҿȥСʯͷ𣿡
ޱ˵ԣǲ·Ūࡣ
ֻҪܳȥ棬ʲôҪ󶼺˵ʹӦתͷ𣺡ܵܿһ㣬׼ȥСʯͷ
ܳޱ˴кֵǣܳshigG٤ȥˡ
ܵüޱ̫족תͷǽȥ̸ǳȥ̸
뵽ڼң˵ȥɡ
ޱʰԡңһͰ·˵Ҹٳȥġ
ܸ˴кͷ˵

ںɢʵͦ࣬ޱұȽƫſں̲Ҳûʲô˻ȽϰҲõ˻̸֮
ӼޱͰϸ˵һ顣
֮ǰֻǲ²⣬˾ţ²ⱻ֤ʵֹסɸֵʣô㣬һֱţ
տʼҲǺһ죬˵ͷۣҾͲҿˡ
ûʣһͷۣôʱôأ
ǲ֪ЩôأţǳôָָĻ
˵㲻³ȥҿǸҪģ³ȥ˵˼ɡ
Դ˵˵ģûš
ΪҪ棬ǰװģȥЩҲûﲻá
ŵһαʱΪԼĲãȴ˲ŷ֣ûãű˸ˡ
һҲ߹࣬Էȴһ죬ʡŶôô㡱
ͷˣֻǰڵʱŶȣ·׹ŮһߣʼĴ̡
Ե˵̣ʱΧûһţ֪㣬ôõŻ֪ϧ
ǻҸ˵£ҲǰŰɡס˵ŴӦȥԶ׼豻ŪסˣȰҪ
пԣڼҴܲˣŴ绰˵Ҫ
յ֪Ҫʱ̫ϴ⣬᲻
˵Ϊչĸ׺͵ܵܣԼһֱط־ӣܵѾɼҵǷҲžˡ˵ĸ᲻öϱԸһȥӷµķӴ󣬹ס
ҪǱ˵ҪԼȥ˵ֺǺǵӦˣ̫ӡ
ȻӸгϢ굱ֲСô˵̫СӸҪ
ô˵̫Ͳ᲻ôϱĻˣҲ˳
˼ʣô˵ﻹİôûЩ£
̾˵Ҳ˵
Լ趼ƫţ֪㣬ολŵ׶ӡˣӰ쵽޸顣
ʵϣ챻ޱѣҲʲô̹ʱ䣬ǻϼҾͺˡ
Ĭѡ񣬻ôţδܴñá
̫Ҳץסһű䱾ѹ
ļʣ£𣿡
û˵ʲô£֪ʵʲôͷ˵ţˡ
½⣿
ЦܵøŵǸʲôˡ
аɡͷޱҪô
ޱԼļƻʵûิӣ̫ѵΪɣ϶ȥô£ķӦ
ޱ˵Ӫ̫ƽ߻ؼҺʲô˵˳֪Щ¡׷ףͰ˳ɲ֪Щ¡
С׷£û׷أʡ
ҪôαӣҪôǶһһ롣ʲô
һ仰ޱ뻹û˵ڡ˼Ƭ˵Ļʣʲôʱж
ɡޱ˵Ҹղȥʱ˼¡
ԣؿޱѯ㲻ǴӦΣȲ
ޱֻһĵ񣬱˵ΪӪ˵Ըͣڲܸ㵽׷ʲô¡ûиͣ㶼ٿһ£ҪҪ̽㿼ˣƽ¡
Ȼ֪׷ʲôʲô£ô˵ǰѻ˻ȥͷ֪ˡ
ڻȥǰѹޱղΪʲô˵Сٿ£
ޱͬѹ˵룬Ӫֻûңͣ̽Ľ˳ɲ⡣ˣ뷨ܻᷢı䡣
ȻˣҲĲ֪Щ£Ͼô˿ޱӦ첻˵Ժ󲻻˵
֤̬ǳϿҵģ̽õĿԺܴ˵ġ¶Ҫ̽Ӻ󣬷̽ĿҲܴ
йؽڣ˵ܵ

̸£ɫѾװûޱ¿ڷͻȥˡ
ޱȥ˵Ƽӻؼ˯
һһأ翴УȻûῴޱ˾䣺ôˣ
ô֪ޱʡ
˵㡣
ޱȻ̾˿˵ڻ˵ٸ㡣
ô˵ƾͲµ˿¹˽¡ûĸˣ֪ԼԴͷ˵Сֵָӻ֣ǣСʯͷǳȥ
ޱ͵֮Ļֵһûôǿȴ෴صҾʣ裬ôˣ
ޱ˨ű߷ʣʲôôˣ
˵Сʯͷʵİ㲻𣿡
ޱתüʣӴ֪ûͦ
Դһ˵ҿɴأ
ޱʧЦǣϽ˯ȥɡ
Ŷܵһ¥ߣûվ¥תʣ㻹ûôأ
ûô㣬ȥ˯ҾҪ㳢ζˡ
һҪӣתͬϳСȿ¥ȥ
¥ˣմԡ˸β͵ȴӰʣͬ־ôˣ
ܣޱûŶŪ˵źСӲǹ𣿷˵ìܡ
ʲôìܣûʣҲû˼ֻʣ͵ܵǲһʱ˰ɣ
°ɣôˣ
ܼʣû
У˵ǹӪϰ࣬
ޱ˵Ҽǵǻʡˣϼҹ·ӦñҪ໨һʱ䣬ؾǰ£ڵϴ˿£ûȥļĸλܸôõļ٣
ǵȢϱȥһΣƴƴմգһҲܸһ¼ڡεֻܵ̽磬λܸôshigG٤ļڣ
ޱӦˣ԰Ϊʲôôãתһ룬ְ˵Ǽⲻ⡣
ģ
ޱ˵뻹ˣɣ˽ٸ㡣
û⣬ҲΪ̫ġ˵ţְסޱǣᡣ
ޱ̾ôһ֣̾ˣɣ
л˵
һ


52 ̽
βûкŪޱ, Ͼ͸˵ˣ̫Ǹ
Դ϶ɼҵ̫ת̬Ⱥ, ǰûôһ˲ˬˡ
ü
ɷģޱʣڻ̽𣿡
ϵЦʧˣҧ˼õͷһŪ߷, Щ, Ҳн, ɴ
Ԥڣޱʡ
ٴεͷԡ
¶, Ǳ߾ж, ͸϶˵, ܾòԾ
϶ڴ·תͷʣʲôԾ
СŰ 
϶ʣϱϵͦõĲԾˣ
ʲôѽûС˵ǻС˵СС, ŵһӦûʲô, , ô𣿡
϶룬ǲᡣ
˵ֲһϱ, ǿǷޡ
ʣô˵ϱϺﻥ࿴ˣ
϶ʧЦô͵̶, Ǹũ̫̫, ˵ǻʱû롣
û, һ䣬˳һ˵ô𣿡ڴͷֹ˵컹һЩ¡
ʲô£
֮ǰΣϳŵʱܣлŲԣȥ˸ڵţôţ
϶ʣôţ
ʱ̫ţ˵ѵء
Ǿѵ¡
϶ϴסϱȥҪףȴһƿ۾Ϲ̫϶㿴ƽʱ᲻ô˵һ䣬ôӣ
϶˿գ̧Ժбۿϱô˵ӣѵϱ
Ȼ
̫ƽʱСҲͦá
СãǶǱģҪôãѿڶֻ˵ǵһףһףûڵʱָôѵСأûԴ̫Сɫر𲻺á
϶̫ࣺ⡭Ҳ߯ˣһױһףô˵ˣʲô㻹͹һ䣬СǸˣҪôСӲ
СְѻˣСΪҵţô꣬ô˿ţȻʾֹ˵豳Щ£Ҳδ֪
϶лҵϱҲ̫ˣңôϱʲô֪ж
ɫˣ˵֪豳ôСģ
϶ҭס˵ûô£ôģ˼ˡ
ϱȫĻ˵вУðʣ֪֪¡
϶ʵϱҸղ˵ʲô𣿡
˰ͷȻ˵һǾ̫Ծұһ˵ҾҲ̫Ծˣð֪֪Щ¡
ãϱֱӣ׼Ͳϸˡ
϶ֻת˼·˳˵費ԾҲԾʲôãѵ㻹ܵСǰ⣬ˣʮһװϱ
Ҫǹȥʲô£ҪףҲǰĴ
ʱ͸¶˵ðʣҾ͵⣬㣬ۣͬһ·ɫ
϶ԣʱק˵ΨŮСҲ

ΪϴԼ϶ò˳ϱȥ̽ΡǣڶӪڰϰ˸סˣòǼҵ¡
Ȼ鲻ټϸסţ֮ͨã϶˴Ӳǰ˼µӣͻȻĨЩ£⻳ɣüʣͻȻЩʲô
ҡ
϶ɫε̾˿˵ϱϹģ˵ʱţҳֵģСͬ־ɫֲ̫ãǲǷʲôˣ
ͣסŲŵʱҼҳ֣
԰ǻᣬϸڰɣžܣȥʣ˵ѵأû˼ʣͳȥϰˡ֮ţҲû룬ǰɡ϶Ʋһۣû˵
ˣʲô
ǰ죬Сͬ־ϱ˵Ҫ˵ġʵǸûҪϱΪȰСͬ־
η϶˵һͣһ£ֲòʣСôˣ
ϱ˵Сֹȥ󣬿СڿޣΪʲôޣȴʲô˵϶̾˿ϱ˵ǰһֱԣû𣿡
ҡ
γĬȻĲԾ
ҹѹ͵͵ڿޣʱôˣȴʲô˵һ飬Ҳֻǿãû˵
ʱΪӪķ˵ûʣֻĸװԼ࿪
ޱֹǾ仰;ÿղãҲЩáޱߺ͸̸̸ΪǾ仰Ǹ
⼸ɫԺ࣬Ϊ¹ȥˣ϶ô˵ʣ֪ɩļҼж𣿡
Ҿ֪һأһ治϶ͻȻסǰʣǼҲ淢ʲô˰ɣ
ֻʣܻܲȥɩӣ
϶û⣬ǻɲŷҪ̽ϢģҪ淢ˣô죿
ûлشֻ˵Ȱɣ鷳ˡ


ջصңȴһ϶ͱϱקˣһʣôʲôӦ
϶ûֻ̽ɤ˵ҳӪվ·˴죬ˮûȵǲǵáʲôȴû˵ֻʾ֡
˽ʮˣʲôԣֹܲ˾䡰ܵġͳݵˮȥˡ
ӹ´ɱ϶˿ڻôǰˮ
ĥھ׿ҪȲݣ̵ģȲ
϶ڨڨ˵˾䡰ˡһڰˮȻ²ۣ˵̬ȣÿϱҶô㡣
۾ҲϱȢĸshigG٤
϶Ǻģ̸Ŀ˵㣬ҿ϶˭Ҫ
ƶ㣬Ͻġ°ӹӪ˼ݷںͷţӻء
У˵϶ͷ걭ʣµˮԼ֮ĶԻ޾ϸض˵ˣûŹ
˼У̧ͷʣǼжʱʲô飿
ü˼š
ã治֪ɵЩ𣿡
϶ڴͷıʣҲȸ˵˵µ棬С棿
齩ס
϶ϳԭˡ
ôģɫڨڨʡ
϶˵ſڱտɵЩ£̬ôƶ뿴Ѱ
ϱȥ̽ΣЩһһ׵ģԼϱǷͬô꣬治ϱܱ
⻰û˵ڣ±
û룬ΪԼˣʣ㶼µˣôȥ̽Σ
ﲻаȻܾҸۣͬ˵ȥ϶װ̾˵Լ뷨Ҷε˽⣬˳ɲ֪ϱ֮Щ¡
Ȼ϶ãϱìܣһ֪Ҳ̫ˡתһװϱ˵ÿôæ»пܡ
ʵϣԺڶ̫ƣҲĺãԼ֮ǰҲ̫ͦõġ
֪϶룬Ļ;ǰһģ
϶ͷʱķӦװģЩǰʶˡ
õֱͺúŪûˣ̶ʶеġԸ˵ȱƷ϶ûʲô⣬Ҳ塣
϶Ҳûѻ˵ĻҪ
ΰִ󣬲ر̻裬ôôţ϶ãǰ岻Щ£ʵҲûôҪ壬ܲᱻ
֮ҹ£ˣǰ治֪Щ£ԺҲ̫ù
϶룬õķ룬Ҳβ֪Щ£Ҳ̻Ŀܡ

Թ϶ȥڰνеԼңԼ˵
̸ûг̫ʱ䣬ӣҲܰˡŷӣֻһЩϸ⡣õ𰸺ɫһֱ̫ãлʱ
˭Լļͥʵìأ¶̫
ˣڸƫβ֪Щ¡뿪ͰѼලϴ񽻸϶ȥޱˡ
ʱޱվڶ¥̨ԧˮ
Ϊԣˮֲ̫ҪڽˮȻѾʮ·ݣݵȣ¶ȻûȫĿǰƽҪһˮ
֮ǰϰʱ罽ˮ˹ʱϾͲôȷˣæٽ
ǳ¥Ժֲһ껨ʢ£Ҩưˮ¥ˡ
ʱޱ룬ҪҪܰ軨ȥΪ軨ڶ¥̨ϣֻгŻ¶¥ʱע⵽ټȽæ͵ºǸˮ
ᵽ¥°ţʱ࣬Ҳǽˮ¡
ǵʱޱ¥´̧¿ͼվ·ϳ֡
ֻǲõЦݣޱͲµ˽ƲЦӦ˵Ƚݣ
ӦãʹӳŵĺŽ˿
ڲţƺ̫ãüëšţŵĶҲЩֱ˺ŷ󳶳ֽһֱ˦˦
УͰѵߵġͬ־ˡ˻ȥ
˭յţǸ߸˵˺ŷ⣬Ϊ˺ֽ򿪵ʱ򶼻ڴȥţ
²ܱ飬ֻ⶯֪ŵ˸ϵ̫á
ôţԶɳһǣ缦صޱ
л˵


53 
һĿʮеؿ, ̧ͷʱɫѾָƽк˵ޱޱ¥ϣȥ
æ˵鷳, ҽǰˣڽ˵
䣬ޱʹ¥ˣк, ˵˾䡰ϴ֡, ưȥ档
ֽ۵, ŷ, ޱ˵, ҳȥ̡
̣ޱס, ܽѾһʱ䣬ȻûȫѾܾûǮˡ
û, ֻ˵ţﻹƱ𣿡
¥ϡ
ȻɻΪʲôͻȻҪ, ޱԥ»˵ȥҰɡ
, ģȥҾС˵꣬輸Ϸŵŷȥ¥ϡ
¥, ޱɫأѹ˵鲻̫ãղŲŵʱɫͲ̫ԡ
ޱ, ˰ĲŷӦڸԼ˵, Ŷ˵
˵, ʵԱģΪǹҺţҼŵַ׶ĳԺޱΪʲôҪż
һ͸£ȴǲôǷţֱ극Ž𿪡
룬ʵǻ˱仯ֻΪܰټϵʱܿͳԷˣкǲƴڻû̫ע⡣
ţܾʹ¥ˣﻹǷţޱ˵ʹӺųȥˡ
ޱıӰʧںţ̲ס룬׶Ժסŵ˭дʲôΪʲôΪǷŶ鲻ã
ޱޱޱޱ
ޱع񣬿ʣ˵ʲô
ʲôû˵ͺε˵㵣ͬ־
;е֡ޱЦЦнˣ
ࡣһ˾϶˵Ĵظһ飬֮ǰһ̸̸ģҾӦò֪豳ɵЩ¡
˵𣿡
˵ûأֱȥСοῴǹ̽
ޱ˵ǹɣȿӪô죿
ͷֹ˵̬ȣҾСиģӦòƫŰɣ
һ˵ţޱеЦСıǰ˵©졣
С˲ǣҪ㶼ûУһھðȥ˵λ£˵ԴȥСѧ˴ʦɫûù⼸ڰ칫ҶҴ˵±˴
ޱüͷ΢壺ڰɣ鶼ȥüˡ
ǰҲòڣʵͦС۵ġ˵С˰ɣȾ˳ɷֲţͬ־Ÿ浽ȥģҲûôӲôûС˰Ź
Ҫǣ֥Ǻ˵ô꣬ҽԺҩǸλϣѡ˾shigG٤ƣɴ˿ɼжޱ
뵽ʣСѧǹ˵Ǹɶã
°ɣʦĿޱ̧ۿôˣ
ҾðɣεСǼСѧٰŹʱ˵Ϊ㡣˵ԼĲ²⣬ޱ⣬밡Ҫºúñ֣ȡںСѧʦ
ޱЦ˵СѧλһܲһӣѧӣλͲΪҺúñ־
ǰûʦסԺ°༶û˴˵׼Уı뷨һλأ뷨ͬҾð㻹ǶϵıȽϺãЩҿǵʦ㡣
ޱЦǹѵ
أͻãһǵλڲпȱҪǽǵλ뻢𣿡
ޱЦøˣ찡
Եõ˵ɶǴʵ
ǣޱͣĻ˵ҿ϶úøɣԺܲԵɡ
·֮ǰǲϰģֻСѧȱˣʱȽϿɣʹӦˡ
ºСѧиλ͸ɴڼҼ˸£Ҫǹ٣ͰѸпγ̼ȸ߿ָ˾ȥԣܿϾȥϵĻ
ޱãȻоһ£û߶ͣεЩ˻ãǰิϰӦòרϡ
ʵܺͺӣȻдѧѧУҬǣҬλڶλϣ벢
һܵĹȫܵޱãôѡǰѧϰ϶ȿյʱţʱźҪãܶѡ
ȵʮгſǴҵҹѡ񶼻ڶܶࡣ
ˣôż£ɹ͸ɣûоͼױֻҪܻȥδأ

ޱΪ˸Ľչ˵ݶǻϻ뵽˵ģԿɫʹҴһȥˣﻹһء
ǰŸߣܺžͻˣŷѾֻڴ˰̣ˮʱ˳ŵ˲輸ϡ
ҵޱ̺пۡ
ࡣ
Ķ¶һ˿ЦˮյǰʣҪҪһţ
ޱûչȥʣֻʣˣ
ࡣ˵
˭ģ
һ޹ؽҪˡӹһ˿񣬡ԺַţҪգʲֱ˻ȥ
ޱЩ⣬ദʱȻ㳤Ϊ˽⡣Ըʵͦ˲ֱ㶵رֳǻѡ񲻶ɫԶֱ̫׵رһ˵
ż̸Ҳֻü̫˵硣ֻͿƲס¶顣
Ȼܺ˵˭ΪʲôôTAûжʣֻӦãֻ˵Ϊ˶õؽ̣ʱûˡ
ûûֻЩȣ㶽ٹҽ̣
ޱȣΪҵĶ٣ộ
ޱֱ׳ܲɻԼļǲǳ©һޱ£ѡ񲻳ʣʣôҽ̵𣿡
ϵǻᣬ㽻ǮƱ˵û˵СŶζãʱ㻹˵㾡ţѵǶ٣ǰ£ǲȥ˸飬صβѵǶ٣ޱĳ˵ǳˣѵ̻ҪҸƨɺͷ߶
ܣ
ɣ룬úеôȥ㻹֪̣ܽޱ˼״Ƭ˵ɣӽ쿪ʼٸ̣㲻ٽˣÿҪָ·ʡ˵ûüලΡ
ʣҽˣгͷ𣿡
ȻС
ʲôͷ
顣
Ŷûӣн𣿡
ޱ̧ۿҪʲô
ģҲҪһھСһҺܺ˵ɣı顣
ޱƲͷߣ̳׽ˣҵǿԿǿ¡
ʲô£
ޱתԴʣ˵أ
˵ܵͷӵڻסĴ¾¡
ޱ˵ȴûݡƼٶң٣彥֧Ųסɳ
һǽޱѾ˫شļϣͷɵؿŽߵˡ
öͷĶͷһûһµıǼ⣬촽Щɳƣʵˣô޹ؽҪ
ͣסǵĶһһ˵Ҹڵӡ
ޱסЩ
Ȼܽ꣬ļͥ˽ⲻֻ֪࣬ĸ죬͸Ǳ߹ϵãԵǽ飬û֪ͨס
ʱЩĸ飬ֲ׵ˣϯôУճھͱ˻ȥ˵ŻˣޱЩ¡
ǽ鵽ڣޱûܸף֪Ѿٻ顣
Ϊҧض򦣬ޱ˵㲻ϲ޹ؽҪˡ
л˵
һ


54 ʧ
δϼҳȥûлؼ, ǳԺӣȥһȦ
ٻصԺʱɫѾ, Ժȴûʲôˣϴϴ·׼˯ʱ䣬Ҷæš
ߵԼſڣȴͣסŲվſڡ
ԡϱڸŮϴ裬ʱʱ˵, ڿ, ۾첹˵ľ㡣
ϸ봩, סͷ, ϸ, Ҳ̧ͷ, ʣſڸʲô
ûʲôҡͷ߽ȥʣϴˣ
극ϴ, ̫߲ʣղųˣ˵ĳ, ˵뿪ϼҺ, Ժӵ¡
еҪ˵
ʲô°
Ӫ¡˵꣬ǲ, Ҫֵˡ
㲻ֵ𣿡̫ϵҲ˽˲ٲ, ֵ֪һΡ
治ɫ˵ǸӪ, е, Ұһ졣
ǵøϱ˵һ˵ʱ̫̬һ·ûǰǸ·ϡ
֮ǰܰο
Ļȷûô϶˵ĺܶ£ǵһ˵ҲûôԺյüë˻һ֪
ʵϣϼҽͺʱ򣬾Ϳϱ֮䲻
ĸŮദжⷢìܣοϱĸŮżĦ˿ֻҪûͬˮĳ̶ȣǶ¡
οҪϱȥˣԺϱһʱshigG٤ˣٴìоͶˡ
ˣʱûȥΪʲôìܣûҪ
ĸ׺͵ܸܵ̽ˣϴκͼžۻǽʱ򣬼겻Ҳ˼ˡ
Ϊ˳ͷԣտʼȫûĸ׺ϱ͵¡ǺȻؼҺ󿴵ϱһźΪǺͺˡ
ڷϱ״̬̫ãǻɹ˵ܣ˵ͦõġټӹæû̫⡣
Ȼޱ跢ڽǵ¡
ʵִ֮蹾ǻҲʲôޱЩ;ЩЩ̶뵽ϱ͵޵£Ǹ
տʼ⣬ǵŵĵģֻΪ˵һ仰͵øϱͷǸ̫ݡ
ֻ˸轲ڼҲ˵ʶ˴
ģʶ
ͻȻʣС𣿡
úܣô̫С˵ûûʣ˰𣿡
Ϊγʱ̫Ѿ˽̸꣬ϰ飬۶϶ҪƫЩ
ͷȥʱѾȻ࣬Т˳ʡԼö˻ȥ
ˣȻСû˵ǰţɩţûʲôӣҲʹ˳Բ˿Ը
ͣΣ˻ѧУ˿ñֱ֪УŪ͹ˡ
õ̫࣬⣬̫Ҳ᲻СԼ̫Զ;ܾˡ˵ͣûٸЩµһ졣
ɽ磬ͻԼҴӡȥزӣҲϱ㣬û˻Ŵµػµء
˲£ܲˣ̫۶ӣȥ˴ӳ˸ŸʡӳϴӦˣȥһβյȣ£ǰס
дȥ磬ͬѧԷ¹һ֪˹Ӫ˼
̫˵뵱ˣǺ޲þ˫˫ͬ⣬氡͸˵¡ǻ̫ûҲСӺãʹ绰¡Ȼξ˸ѣŪ˸Ӫѧͽ
Ǽ۳λ󣬵ɣôͬλŮͬ´˶󣬸յ˾֤ˡ
˰꣬ˣ˼ͥԸز٣̤ʵȥ껹С鳤
һжźõķչֱθ̫
տʼ̫Ĩǣ˵۳ĹⲻǲãòθСӻ
ûӦŹҲƤƤܰ쵽ģҲ顣ο۳С鳤ˣȥĵλͷαء
״ֻʵԭģ۳ְˡҲûôúŪ˵ְԭɣǽɣû취Ͱˣ׸㶪¸˵ˡ
ʲôˣԷµʲôף˶˵ǹ¾ͽ
β̸ܹܵ£ֻʣǸô˵ȥϰʱڼС󣿡
ʲôʱѵ̫˵ˣæĿ˵ҾɤŴ˵㣬ľ͵ĳ̶ˣûôš
ָ˵ƽʱɤſûô󣬿϶Сˣʲô˵˵ѵ
̫ڳºŪȥһ⻰ˣСľסӽѵ㽩˵û£ھǲ£˵һˣϱҪûôУӰǵģɲܲܵܰ
裬Ҳϰ˵ɲ꣬ôµףΪʲôƴǹЩҶôŹ
ֲŪԭλ¹ô֪ǰʲôأ̫ܲ⣬˵ӣǿ׵ܵܣ㲻û˰ˡ
Ϊ׵ܵܣҲҪ׸ʲôΰ˵ǿҪҪǰ±ˡ
̫Ҫ˵Ůʹԡˡ
·ݸ꣬ͻСûвղԾıصǰ˵ְѧдŶ
ղŻüŮ⻰¶Цʣģ
԰д㿴˵궫ܵóԼСǦʺͱӣڲ輸д¡ְ֡֡
ڴο֣һȻ̶ʧЦ
俴ְЦΪǸ˵ģָʣְ֣Բԣ
ε˵ûְֲֵ
ɴ۾Σֿϵ֣⣺Ҿǽְְ
æԡ߳ŮĻʣôˣ
ʦǵдְ裬ѧˣдְֿɰְ˵ⲻ֣ɻʣ裬𣿡
˵ְǳƺ֣ܵܺãһ
ȻŤͷʣǰְʲô
οӣڱϱд˵ְֽΡ
һڵģ̫ϼҵСӣ˵õ˻ȥΪӵĹִ̳ٳٶ
뵽̫ôϱϵЦݸۡ
һ飬²ϰ죬϶Ϊ˶ϱ
뵽ǰǸ˵޵ҺТ˳ŽСӺ֮ܲĻ̲סЦ
˭Ҷϱ޹Т˳չ˵ãƫ󣬻ûɶ٣;ԼҵĹˡ
Լ˵䣬Ͱڳһ˴ίӣԼŵĸǸȻ̹Ȼˡ
Խ룬̫Խߣֱɫźۡ

һʧߵк֮ܶ࣬һ
ϴ˹ʽĹʵӹֻǹӪ꿪ҵ󣬵һô٩Լʱ䳤ˣҾͶôˣԭĹơ
ûϵҲ٣ڵĹϴˡϴ롢ɨڶӻ
ȻӪβʱңôԳ֮⣬һϴ˹
⹤࣬һ賿ĵҪʼæһֱ㣬ʮϰ࣬һֱæϰ˵㣬˹غϵʱ䲻ҪɵĻڱֻ಻١
ǰʱ࣬ÿ춼賿𴲣ĵϰæ㣬°ʱȶڴ£˶ҪſˡÿصҺֻ˯˯˯ţ賿ֻܸɰš
ۣû˼ģҲϢ;shigG٤١
òװҪ࣬뵽ʮϰ࣬°ؼҺ˯һ౻ѣϴŷѧĺȥԷ
Էʱ뵽Լʱҹߵȫúڷԣû˵٣ÿϰ۳ɹؼ治ߴߴᡣ
鲻Ϊĸ׵Σ˼亢ǵѧϰ
ʲ֪һ
ԭ׹ʱŮ÷ʦˡûʦϿΣϰ´ʦϿλָ׶Ρ
ȻⲻҪģȻ󣬸Ϊѧ⣬Ųʲôùʶ˶ҪԡļҳںѧϰϣԶûкץýڸһûʦϿΣȫ¡
ǣѧУŵ´ʦȻޱ
ȻޱĿǰֻʱʦɲ˼£һ뵽Լÿۻƴ֣֪ܴӺشڡ
ޱȴΪĻ̶ȸߣڱҽԺҩĺùôѸٵسΪ˾СѧĴʦ
̬ͿƲסرˡ
ϣÿ۾ͻ᲻ȥޱվڽ̨ϵģĻͲܿƵ
ǵڶ磬ǶȦȥϰġ

ڶͬȦŵĻޱʧߣǱܸڵġ
ΪǷţһֱ̫ãȵʱޱ΢һ¡Ȼһʧǧźޣȥڵҹŵ˯
˯ˣ˵ǣ賿㲻ޱͱܸˡÿ첻ϢգųȥӪԼҪɢܡ
Ҳûö٣۾ſڴߣ˯ɣ˺еˣ𴲰ɣԴεġ
ٿվ¹ǰ·ܣȣˬޱ̲סĥ
ܴϳתС̲סЦˣŦߵǰͷҪ
ֻͷûȥͱޱֵס˵̵ĳͷˡ
ţ
ޱҧ˵
Ŷʣǽһ°ɣ
ޱ˵У
¶ʧǺðɡ
ֱޱתѣ£ͻȻ֣ûӦĽʲô
ƻ
л˵


55 
¥, ޱæͷŵӣֶʱ䡣
ޱսʯ޷ĳǻģȻʱŵİ˲ֿ, ߵ㵽λУϴ˯ҹҪѺüΣʱӿϰСʱһСʱпܡ
˯, ϵȻ, ü𴲰, ͷ, ·, ˢϴͲг, źòײŵλ
κޱУʹ绰ܣ˸ӼĻȥ
֮ԲԼ, ΪǻսӰ࣬Ĺҵȯ, ѹҵȯĻȥ, ˶һǻöණ˼Ļȥġ
ȻǮ˽, ǴӼĻȥļۣͥ˵꣬Ҳܲô˽Ǯ
ӵЧͼӰ, ԴõӺ, ޱϾҲûвŵϹ, ǰӣ
ˣȻǰȷʲôʱܰܲóޱǰˡ
ʵҪΪӸͷСЯټҪҵȯǮˣתȥ
ԶܴĶޣޱ޲ðҶ
ȻӱϺһʱ䣬ԴޱȥСѧΣóڵʱȻѡ
ޱǱѵġ
Ϊ̫ޱȵȥѧУԶӣʮˢϴʮӴˢϴʮȥѧУպá緹ȥ¶棬ȥʳôҲ١
ֻ©ӡ
Ϊϰ˵಻ŵ㣬ޱͻ˯Ȼڶʮ֣׼ʱǽѡ
Ƚ̰˯ÿ챻ѺҪڴĥһᡣʢˣȻԼһᣬޱ
ڴϣҿֵȣܵܺ˯ѣҲӰ
ʵģʹӴȥں𴲡
ǣޱǱűŪѵġ
棬һָסޱǼ⣬ӣһסıӣ
ޱۿһۣԺֻʣ֡ܺӡ
ܺӱ˲Լܣˣ裬ҰѵŶ
ޱľҿˣҺһ١
ޱҲûȥֻסıӣſɿٸҲ˸ʣѲܣ
ܡͷЦޱջֻչҪڸԼ档
ޱ̾˿𴲡

Ϊ˯˸ݵĻޱʱȦûôˣֻƤеס
ѧУʱưƣһע⵽ޱ۾ʣû˯ã
ֹû˯á
ޱ΢ȣ˵˯ò̫á
˵ĶԻͷرǿģ϶ҽġ
ưһ⻰Цˣͷʣô֪ˣ
ҲԼͦţȴǫ˵Ҳûк
ưƱòУЦޱ˵⺢ӿۡ
Ǹޱε˵
ΪǰѣޱԤʱţѧУʱûʱ䣬ȥ˰칫ңȥĵҵ£Ϸȥʳô򷹡
ʳڰ칫ǰźש˵ԭǽңΪѧ࣬Զĺÿز㣬УʹŽҸĳᡣ
ọ̈̄ͨһ˯ʮӣȻ˵Ϻãܱÿ߼·ѧҪá
סҲȻĺӻ˯ûһſ϶Уʦĸλ
ȻǳԷ⣬һӪ깩ôຢӵĴһ֣ͷѿ϶ӣ˼ҵĺӣǸǮ
Ϊ˽ͲͷѣУԼ˼С䵱ͷӴ򷹡ûУǴ˷ǻؽҳԡ
Ǹޱڰ칫ԣϾֻǸŲΣѧҲûרÿ
ѧУṩõӶԼӼġûͣޱûŸǴζǲ˵ġ
տʼʱ򣬱Ӧ˵ǰѧеϡ档Ѿֲˡ
߰ĺҲûôĺСǲʱ򣬿˲һ˵
ټ棬Ȼûô棬ŷűˣǲӰ쵽Ρ
βӰ죬ѧǱĵʱԱ߳緹ͺӰshigG٤ˡ
ˣϿޱûûȥΣǽ˵ǳ緹ܣæ˻ǡ
԰ӵԣϲʣ㲻ȥϿ𣿡
Ҿʹȥޱ˵
ָ򷹺Уһкöûأ˽ʵĶ̵˵~~~~ȥ~~~~~~~~~~
ޱ̲ס˳飬˵˾ܣϿαͽ̰ˡ
ýΣֻҪڽżɣżѧоУ˱Ƚɡޱϰ߳ʱѽҪĿθˣڳʱˡ
ޱαò̫רģ̲סӣȵܳȥֵڰ칫ڡ
룬ޱʱ䣬緹ˣߵ೤ߣܻɾͳ˽ҡ
칫һǳˣȴʣ˰࣬һͷ
ӳԷٶȵޱסʣôô
ƽʱԷ0.1٣ϸϸſǻûʣٵİƤ̧ͷ̵˵~~~~~~ô~~~
Ȼޱ裬ǷٷʵڿƲסֵ˵ú˵
סţ~~~ڡ
ޱĴָָȦ͵߹в
Ҫʵ˵ú˵ǳֵذѻȫˡ
ޱ֣Ĩǣ㷹ҪԶã
תת̽ʣԵԷ
ô˵Ե죿ޱûʡ
ָͷ緹Ե磬緹Եϣϵķ̧ͷ˵Ҫ˯ģ
СԹϻͦ
ޱָû˵ڿνҪ̣зóˣ죬ûУ
գԴ˵
ޱ񣺡㿴Ÿ磬Ͻ緹ԷܣųϹ棬֪𣿡
̴Ӧû⣡
źӣޱȥǰˡ
ߵ꼶ڵһţޱͱվʦ˵޻סˣȥˣ
ޱε˵ǰҼǴģΪΣһ緹޲óһ硣
С޻ЦҾҲûҪôڽֶˡ
ޱҲ£Ը̫ġ
Ĵûʲôִ磬ֻҪ棬ʲôطȥʲôϷϡ
ǰһΣ޷ĳԺмĺ˭⵱ͺϣ˵ȦúʹӦˡ
Һޱзǻؼҵʱÿڴǰ˸קסˣС壬ﵽˤſǺõģ˵ùۡ
ڸСܵûǺãĶӣ߼ķ棬ֻ߳Ժڶû²࣬Ҳ١
ϵޱܵúϣƤӵ棬;ܡڼԺɳ̲棬Ҫ𿴺ø硣
ϵû취⺢̫ˡ
ֻǿǷѾ˼ܲΣˣģޱеǹޱԺڿεɻʱ䡣
Ϣܽ칫϶ΪСáȻС̵ȷ΢СãҪ֪ˣĹ̶ȣԺ϶ôɡ
̫Ҳзա
ޱš
л˵
һ


56 ߥ
ޱڿΰ, Ϊ࣬ڶ ꣬ʰ, ֵѧУˡ
ѵýȽ磬ƷӦվʱͷ̯λû꣬ޱͽŲһսȥˡ
ƽʱһ㺣, ʣĶǴǵĺʡޱ, з, Ϻ, 㱴೴һ̡
ֻޱʱûҪ򺣲Ʒ, ûƱ, ܴܲ͹
ǾɩӦվ˲ޱƱʹӦ, Ҳ˵ˣ㣬ϾҪ̯ˡ
ܱҵͨҹ, 賿, Ӻ㺣з͵ƷӦվһ첻ֹһˣˡŵʱ򻹻һƷ
ҲһЩҵԱϺ, ߵһһˡŵһ
ԺƷӦվϰʱȽ磬õ, ȺƷ͹, ó, ٰƷϸ֣̯һֱæʮࡣ㵱ĺƷ͸ˣ̯óɾæʮ°ࡣ
ɴ˿ɼںƷӦվϰ࣬ʱʵԿɣæһ
⹤Ҳ࣬ò಻ۣæƵģûɱ㣬ҪټϰʱΣʲߣԳͼɵˣɩ̫Ըϰࡣ
ԸӦվϰˣһ㶼̫Ӱ࣬ԶԷŻ̯ˣޱǵȥ鵢ˣӰ̯°ࡣ
ޱԱ˵ģһȥƱ͸͹
ΪỹһˣԳӦվޱûȥг߲˹ӦɣҲһ
ֻǴźǸսӭ͸ˡ
ԴӸϼֻ֣˹Ӫϰ࣬ޱû
Ժż˶߽ȥԷкѾܾûôޱһ̧ͷͿ˸ŨŨĺȦ
ޱ֪ҲĸΪʲôʧߣ۾ͰĿתˣûһ˴
ޱܵûȴû취ر뵽ΪÿΡ
תͷޱıӰ߬ȭͷ

ܼҵʱ˵ҪȥСʯͷ棬ޱͷǽȥˣԼŶؼҡ
ҺޱȰĺˮȥ򿪶񣬴淭źƱ
عŵʱ뵽ҪжҲ˳ջ߸ײ˷˿һУͰѸʳҲˣǮҲ飬Աʱ֮衣
źޱȥܼҿۣںԺץӣ°Ҳڼң˼ˡ
ޱȥӦվǷƱˣȥг˸ײˣѷ˿Żȥ
ؼޱȥתȦʱˮ˵㡣
ڼΪϲޱЦʣôôˣ
ƣޱ⻰ҿۣսѹ˵ˡ
ʲô룿ޱһʱû
˵ӰܸųҪתҵǼҷӿˣǰύ룬Ѿˡ
ޱһ㶣ЦǺ°ʲôʱңҪæ
ʱ䲻һµףҲҪ¸£ܸųʲôʱ򽻽Ӻáҡͷ˵æͲã˵ˣʱᣬסȥˣǳԶٷףף
ǰܾshigG٤Χ˭Ҹ·ˣҪʹһ٣¾ӡǻᣬزģҲ֪˭¾͵
Ҫӣʶ˶ˣסȥúúСһ֡
аʱ䶨֪ͨңޱͷʣʲôҪĶ𣿡
˵£ƣ̧ͷʣôˣ
ޱ˵ͳԷܵôʲôҪҪĶǮ̫Ҿֱˡ
ǮȽϹأ
һǸɡ
ʧЦˣ򣬺ðֲ·ӣЩҪҲ֡
ǲɳ԰ʳˣޱ˵ɣҵʱҲȥǼѹóһ٣ǽ¶óء
ز˺˵ݵļȣȱ˳ԣٵ࣬ԼҳԶʡͳԷ
ôţﶼ
ܵôʲôˣޱָͷţԼѡһɡ
У˴˴ˣ˵̲꣬ס²˵Ҷ֪Ծƣ˳Ծˡ
ޱЦе˵һ
ģʧЦˣ
ǮޱŴСؼңܼʱֹսȥһˮ°øտʼҪޱ˵ǸǳԵģ˳Ͳ˼ˣʾȺϴǳԡ
ޱЦӦ£ΪϷûǣŶԼȥˡ
մмС·ޱͷͿԺ߶ŵ㡱첽ƹӴŽԺʣʲôʱģȶˣ
ûáĶʣȥˣ
ޱóԿ׿ţкˣûü裬Ǻȵĳɲ
û£һҲȲġ
ҾȲˡޱһвҶɾ´ɱﶼ˵㣬עˮ˱
ӹ´ɱлʣˣ
ţӪķӦ
ͷʵʾܲµǺõģֻΪֱ̽ȥʣԲ
Ҵϵţζûʹ£ﲻЩټϼûпߵˣޱˡ
ɫޱͰĻһ顣
˿Щģǰ֪ˣȻ֪ˣôʶһ䣿
ޱΣȻûش⣬ʣӪʲôĵط𣿡
ϵ£ҡͷ˵ִΪСӹ¡˵ˡ
ޱȻ֮ǰ󣬵֮ϵƬʣб𣿡
ʲô
Ǻƽʱһĵط
ûСû˵£ˣǰ˵ǸӪ£æֵϲ
ޱʣ£
֪ҸϱҲ̫죬˼ȥʡ˵žòԣʣ˵ʵֵӪ
ޱȷ˵ֻǲ²⡣
ģ˵Ϊʲôƭ˵Ҫֵ
ۼΪʵֻǵĲ²⣬˵ǸӪ£ôҾĵصһȡ
ޱ̸̤ʵ˲٣˵һĵȡ
Ѿôãһ졣

͵סӣ̫ĸȴʼ
ر󣬱ǹ绰磬йϵֱӸڹҸ¹ġ
ϱ˱˵ߥޣؼ˵ڹʲôϢȻҪҴæǾһλλȥٲýӪҲС
һ;²ףȻֵͲеҲûദãʲôġڹҸ¹ллˣ붼롣
ֻ룬ȴܸ롣
ȻӪʹũҵת˳򻧿ڣõǹʣԵƷﻹǲܱȡ
ȻԼӵλְģɵЩҲû֪ũ˿ɲЩڹӪˣ;˴ˡ
̫ͣԷҪ䳰ȷʣӪʽϣܿʲô
⻰̫ϣ޲ôڹСһݸõĹ
ǻûʲô뵽ĺùȫǹǼӪλģֱСϱѣ뵽԰ʲôõλ쵼ԱҲʮˡ
ȥã󳧶ǧ𲽣ٲȥλȻûô࣬ôҲȹá
СҪǽӪǾɳˣ˵ȥӡ
̫ʰСһݵ̽ˡ
Ȼ̽ͷҪĿĻΪҪµ绰˵ŵ˵Ҳôơ
̫ãСǧ̽ӣôСҪ󣬳Ӧòܾɡ
ܾˣ
ϵ£û䣬˹ųԺȣҲַꡣ
̫Уο˵Сģٸ£϶ͷӦ
̫ڻãһĻͱﲻסˣû˵˰ɣ㻹û˼Ҫǲʵ߽ݲ⣬ҰŹ¾̸
߶ţϵ仹ûͣҾ˵ڹٸҰŷݹУ죬һ绰£ҲôԶôһˡ㣬˵ã˵裬϶ûҪһ˵ܴƣڿ˵繤Ҳûָˣ
⻹Ϊ𣿡̫ίҲû뵽ôģ׵ܵ˵ܾͲܣɩӣƽʱ˵öã㹤ôҪ£ҲûģȰȰ硣
ԣӹһ˿̫꣬͵͵Ǹοû˵Լ£òԼ˵û
֪ԼɩȻ̫Ҳܵܿټ趯ʱԼվߣ϶ܸжŬٳ¡
Ļзټͷ磬ԵԥӦͷſĵȴˡ
һڶȥ绹ûиı⣬ɩ⼸Ҳġ
ĳ˴
˼ţ̧ۿԽԽ̫˵˵ˣǰģΪҸ粻ڼң֣ҸмüˣҸֻһ޿֣αٸǰһֺǡ
̫һʱ޵ĥҾ֪ϴϱǸ⺩ڼĻɫռ޵ǼǻᣬڰʲôŸɣ޲ҵź򣬵Ⱥ˾иˣ˾shigG٤ûˡ
˵̫͵վУôȥˣұʶԼݣ
л˵


57 Բ
̫, ҪúýѵһԼݡڼҵȣҲֻȵ뽨ƽ, ˵ְͳԷ綼ڼҳԡ
̫һؿڣǶƽʮ۰ĴӣɫҲ̫ÿʲôְôͻȻͣ
뽨ƽȽĴȫûĲ˵ô֪, úҶǼҳ, 㲻ùˡ˵ӻ, תܡ
̫, Ƚ, ׷ȥʱͷ粻Ӱˡ
ͷ·˿ͻȻܳһ, ˰벽ϳ̫鲻̫ÿɻʣôˣ
ǰ, ̫ǺעģæЦ˵ûʲô, ҷ, ҶϱͻȻӻţ˵ȥ˼ҳԷ, е㷢
Էһʣͬ־ûǰ˵һ
ûǰ˵Ҳųôһֻ̫̾ܵϳˡ
ԷҲ̫, ȥ˼ҳԷôܲǰ˵һ, ˼ôһ
̫ô˵, ͰѵߵĻ˻ȥϾ⻰˵˼ϱϵɣֻЦ˵Ƣá
ֺ̫Ǻǵ˵꣬ȻصҾͱɫֹ˵ԣбһӱ
ȻһӲҡ
ܼĥ˰磬ȥޱ˵˻Ựʱͻؼˡ̫ŭҲڴĵȴе˶㣬ݣѴһؾʹʣ㻹֪
û̫ϵŭƽ˵⻰˵ģҼңҵȻ֪
̫㻹֪ң첻żҵģһΪԼļҵأ
裬ֻܲܽнʱ䳤˵㣬ʲôʱ첻żˣ
ҲҪ㻹ڵĺӹȥмŮ˸һϰ࣬ÿֻҪӵģô£ҪҲ˵ˣ㿴ңѵ߰㣬Ҿߣ̫һĨʱûҳĿ˵ҪҴһϿ϶ȫǻҳ
̫Щʱöܱˣ̲ס˵ҲҷŵģκǷŻԭλʲô취Ҳûգֻյûôڶѡ
ڼҾϵĻҳÿڶҪһΣҾôҳ̫ϵһ죬ҲֻڳĨһҡ
˵ôأΪ֤裬۾˵Ϲѡ
Щ룬û˵̫ӣ϶Ҫװͷˡ
ֻǽ˵Щ㹻̫ŭѣָı˵㻹ҸҶ죡ȥ˭ҵϱ˵һ䶥һģҪ֪ˣҾͲôӦȢ㣡
룬˼Ҳһ֪ϱĴ̰ԥԥû⻰˵
Ĭ̫˵øˣҲܾΪ˴ףҲ룬Щü޵ĶʲôˣʲôӣҪû޸ӣܵӪϱܴû򲹶·ܹôõӣ
겻ش̫˵Ҹ㣬㲻ܣڹĺӣȫΪңҶӣȢ㣡Ȼ޵ǼңТ˳ңֺСӣǶӦģҶ˵ЩˣΪԸҺ񣬿㵹ã˵䣬ΪԼǼҵĴ󹦳ˣҸǸҲ˼ţ
̫˵ţԼǰ챻ȸǸ£ŭĵʣҾ˹ˣôô󡪡
̫û˵꣬Ϳűƿ˵ԼҪֵĶӳſڣߵġ˲ͱˡ
̫ɫˣҲ͵תͷ
ǵһαָű䣬ȻŽøݣΪѾ׼ûжޡ
ɵתͷſڵǸʱԼίģ˲ӿ˳ֻܻæͷĨᡣ
û£ͱ˷סˣЩֲڵָ۽ǣ˵Բ𡣡
ֻһ仰޵øˣͷɷϣš
ν뻳Уı˵ûˣûˡ
ֱʱ̫ڴӿӵлعŵʣ㡢ǲôͻȻˡ
ûشֻСȥᣬ̸̸˵ʹȥˡ
ճţӭʣʲôˣСô޵ô
ʵµ޵ôԭ°սԺӣſ͵ΣͲµᷢʲôˣûҲûݣվԱ߿š
ôʴǹģĿΪκú趼ʲô
ɫ˰ȴû˵
Ҳûʣݲȥ˳ţǷ˵
һߣαԲû뵽ڱôġ
˺һᣬֹסˣֻЩʣ㹤æҲû˵
Ϊʲô˵ʡ
򴽣ѡ˵ʵϼҵʱҸ˵ڱǰҶúõģֻû˵ʱŻ˶ţҲţҲ֪᲻šҸϼңҾ˰ɣϾ衣
ʣأ
ҸտʼҲ˵ôæҾ˵ˣֻסһʱ䣬ܿͻȥˣ̣̾͹ȥˡ
տʼȷ̵ģ챻ޱ֮뵽ο֪Щ£̲ȥˡ
ס۾ٶȿν뻳˵Բ𣬶Բû뵽Ϊ
ȫûע⵽ӵĲԾֻΪͨĦûǲأϼҾͺˡ
ȴΪѾһˡ
ģһ¶ģ˵ſȥ
һȥſڳŰ͵ųˣżæŵôˣʲô̬ȡ
û취˵̫СټҳŰ̫ʵЧ̫ãôãҲֻǼ֣ƴ
ֻʵˡ

ޱҲôˣΪ̫ܺŻعʣôˣ
˵㷹ڶû
ٲ㣬ϺҪŶѣ˵ҪshigG٤ɽɫĶϺϺǣ۵Ϻ⡣
ֻϺ⻹ûԵͿְЮϺŵ
ɴ۾ٶ˵ְҲҪ
ܾ͸ÿЮֻϺ
ʣΪʲôֻһֻ
˵ΪֻʣֻòҵܵҪ
ںзԣҨְָЮԼϺҧһǡ
ֻ
Ϊ֮ǰûԣǳ˺ܶࡣ
һҲǣͷԸհõϺ⡣
˶ϺʵĶӣֿܿʼޱʣʲô
ޱٶȻعЮϺ߰˵ôˡ
֪ǼıʲôʲôûȥޱҲûϸ˵Աʣôˣ
ڻ˵ͽ죬ΪһЩԭǼҳԵģҲһֱڵ˽ţֱողŻȥϱܳޱ˵ģŽһ飬ֹ˵ǲ֪ӪǲֵӪ
˵ΣӦòֵӪ
ޱסʣô֪ܸβһʦģƽʱࡣ
ܻش˵һ·Ͽˣгȵ÷ɿ졣
ޱ˵ȷǼҺûг
ܺܿ϶ȷ
ޱ˵ʲôͻȻ뵽θûֵӪٽгȥҲ
뵽ޱ׷
л˵
һ


58 
ǰŴȥ, ʹ˴ţðͷ̫
̫˻ţתͷ, عߵſڿɥʣô찡ղſ϶ˡ
𿴹ź̫˱һĲֵʵΪǼҸ˺ܶࡣ, ǳϲ, Ǹм, ζ
ҲΪ, ̫ſԽԽ˳ۡ
Լ, , ãԴȢϱֻʣϱ, ȫû
ֻ̫ôֹβТ˳һǺ, ӱ´, ԼСӶָﲻ
ǣԹֻܵת, ̫Ǹܵˡ
̫Ҳֻҹ, ȵ˶ǰ, ƨҷһ
Ϊ, ղŴűƿӵһ˲䣬̫Żŵüһֱڣ˶µģϰСָ⡣
˵ңô죿Ҿ͸˵ɩӺһ㣬𣿡
˵
ʵһֱ֪費ϲɩӣԭ򲢲Ϊ裬ʵ෴ϲΪܸˡ
ǰ֪ԼТ˳ţСӣԼ޵ҺΪ˸żḺеļΪ˵ĿҲû£˵һץ
ˣʱ˵ﻰⶼĽ軹иôõϱϱɩӡ
ûʲôͦˣ迴ˣͻʲô
˵ԭͻ˵ǲɵ˭Ҷϱ񣬲µ֣ôӦõģǾ͵øжˣ˵ɩ⺩ڼ飬
ʱȻϲɩӣٻװһװտʼ󲻶бҵ˹Ӫϰ࣬ԭ
Ȼ˵ɩЩӦõģҲʵɱˣЩĸӵӸô
Ϊһ߲ޣһŬɩӣΪɩĸԸطԼ
Щºûͬɩӣ̫ôԴ̣ͳΪ˺һˡ
ǣĮȻؿһͷȵΪ̹ͥȻĸĺô
֮Ϊöװô꣬ôͲװپһ㡣
ǣ˹ӪʽȢͬʽӣɩӶͥѾûôҪ
վģ簡
ûа˵飬ʵǵģշɩ̵ʱҲȰֻ̫û˵Լţϱôˣþ׶֪ˣҲô
Ҳǣûжܡ
ֱɩӶ䵭Ųԣʱɩ֮ѺѾɩҲ̲ȥһ绰򵽲ӣҪ
ʱѾˡ
ҪϵǰҲȰ裬ɩӺõ㡣
Щ˾ǰ˵ʱôͷУһͷҲͲȥˡ
ϵڶ죬Ϳʼ̣ɩȻˣһģǸġ
·вͨʹ辶˸񣬼ƻ֮ìܡ֪ĵܵܣڱοʾ֧ģ費һġ
취ȷЧȻտʼΪ裬Щ䵭֪뷨󣬾ܵܿˡ
֪ƶ˹Ҳû˵˵˵ܲٸŸ¡
ֻúúõģ֪˱ʣٳûˣ̬䵭
˼ȥÿϴʱΪʲô˵仰ʱĻشû⡣
ԴίȻʱĻϱϣ޷˼һβãˣ˵
֮棬ڱοҲԺסɩӣȻѡ˭￴ͦʵɩӣͻȻ;ˣǿ޶ûطȥ
⣬ټ̬ͨȣȷ費ú󲻵ò취Ⱥɩ֮Ĺϵ
ǣߥɩӳ¡
ļƻǳɿͳɩ˵
ܱȰסãɩӲð϶Ĵм֮ĹϵҲת費Ҳûйϵ֤֮ǰ˵ĶĻϴԼͬʱٶȡɩӵΡ
֮ô
˭ƽʱ󲿷ʱڼźֱŻԭ˵ҪֵӪΣˡ
ˣȫˡ
ȻԹ̫֪µѾΨһ̣ӷɿתö˵һ͸ϴ
̫һҪըϴΪʲôҪϴҲ˵ûôƾʲôҪϴѡ¡
ʱͷ۲ѣʱû̫࣬˫ֺʮ˵ˣ͵ΪҵĹͷɲ̧ͷһ⣬ȹˣҪô翴ҿ϶Ҫ㡣
˵겻̫شͰѷŸˡ
̫С˵ĻɫһһףҲ´ǨŭСӣſվûһᣬתɳˡ
̫ξͻˡ
ȻСshigG٤ǰ̫ԼûӺڳɫﻹеֺõغӡ
ȴûиƵ˼ֱʣʲôʱʼģ
ʲô̫һʱû˼
ʣôСǴʲôʱʼģ
̫е飬ӲҲûô䣬ȥļҵŵģǶԶϱǴҶԡ˵Ѿˣɶ϶ӵԽԽС󼸲š
εȻ֪ˣ˵С̫ˣһֱΪĸײˡ
Զϱô⣬ϱܻ֮ìܣΪὲղϱң˿Լд
˵ȻѾ׼ղŴŵһ˲䣬Ȼ𾪣񣬲ʶĸˡ
û˵ӣΪҸ˺ܶĻ˵ĵϴǸʱѾ˵ˡ
ֻǺȻȻ赱ʱӦúúõģʵûȥ
Ȱ̫ϴΪλ̫ٴǸνǰҲȷ㣬ʱ˿̣ͷ
ΪԼд̸ϴ
ˣҲڸģӱԹٴγź󣬼ӱر
βԸôȥԼĸףʵòôȥ⣬Ϊĸ׾ˡ
뵽ٲԥ죬һϵǳ

̫һֱǺںˣٷŭڱǰװҲҪװֺơʱ˿̣֪ӵľҲ˲󣬱Ť˵Σҿ裡֮ǰҸǸˣ㾹ȻҪΪһŮˣҪҸϻȥﻹû裿
ü˵裬СǱŮˣҵӡ
ϱôһ裡㾹ȻΪҪߣǲǸŮٳһޣ趼ˣ
̫޺밡ôߵô簡밡ۿĺӣǸûĵİǰ
ͷȥʱ⵱ΪԶûܸϻȥ͸һ̡һֱԸĴΣǰ̫Ҫ±ȽѰ죬һȥͷӦ
ڣĸ׵Ŀ޺ü˿δ
϶гʱ϶Ȱ˵ϲϷңʹϾ˲ʧ󼲣Ҳ޷Ρ
֮⣬ǰѻ˵֮ĹϵҲһ񻯵ڵģ
ҹ£ȻܵõһʱƽõõģȻĸԹ޷Ŀ
ڿ쵶ն飬ǳ׷ֿ޹ϵԼĸӡĸڻԹʱˣԹܻɢԺصңĸӼȣѼ䡣
ֻˡ
¾ñץͷ˵֪Թң裬Ѿˡ
ȥʱʮ꣬ԼǸӣΪĳӣòٳɳ
ͬʱξսѵ󣬻صϢ˯ϢҲ˯Ϊͷأ뾡ΪĶ
Ϊĸ׺͵ܹܵøãÿʡԼãΪܶĵȥ˽ͣҲֱӸ׶˵ôҸչĸ׺͵ܵܡϸӪ󣬵ϱļΪĸ׺͵ܵܣָϣչ˼Ｘ꣬ȵܵܳɼҵžۡ
ΪңѾˡ
Ҳģˡ
ǰʹĶӣ̫Ŀ޺Ȼֹͬʱֻֿš
ܲ⡣
Ϊʲô
谡
ʮ»̥һ󣬹飬нĳɾͣ벻ࡣ
ôϱ䣬͸أ
ֱʱ˿̣̫ȻԼûдΪȻ޵ңԼӦܵġ
ϱ֣ǲТǰǡ
ֻţΪԼҪʧȥˣ֪Ժ󲻻ǰĸԸΪͥˡ
ĺӣͷˡ
л˵

PS޸Ԥİղ~
躣ޡ
һôʮΪ˺Ů顣
ͬǽ͵裬Ů˺ԹĻģɹжδΪеļŮΪӮҡ
ԭ˺вʣһų켺ŰŮձ˴Ŀ³ʮҡ
ã޹ģǲܵġ
*
Ϊһϰõľ衪ܽ£֡
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껹̫ᴩ·Ůʱ
ãѾǴˣѧԼ·ˡ
ԸתѧɼϿ˵һ͵͵ѹʱ
ãһ࿼ξϰˡ
ԳĿƿԼıɷʱ
ãڰ˿鸹ķϣҲǲһ


59 Ƥ
ޱǵڶ, Ŵ˵¡
γ̰ɣֻҪһ, ڿξӭĩڡ
꼶ѧʦϳԻӣڿ˲˶Ҫˡʵûסڿεļ٣ޱæڿΡ
ŶԷüͷ, ɫ԰, ϸܵĺӷйģ, ޱʵ˵ܾĻ, ʹӦˡ
òһÿ, ذ칫ҵ·, ޱҪҪǳȥתת
ȻѧУŵĿγ̲࣬ʱϱȽɣϰ϶ܱȡ
ʵ, һٳʳãʱ仹ǲٵġֻǴʵ, ζ治ô, żһٻУÿôԣ˵ޱ, Ӷܲˡ
ˣޱڳ緹̶ʳãзĽûп, ʳ, ͨڼԼ
綼ʳ, ԸԵ÷ʢ㣬ʱҲ֮ӡ
ټӵĿγ̻ڼޱڿʱ治࣬Ѿжʱûˡ
ĳţָ߳ţҲָȥԶط￴Ӱ֣ǰÿ춼Ҫȥϰ࣬߾ǲϰʱһҲȥȥһˡ
ĳţָȥɽߵڼſƬ̲ɢɢɷɡ
ֻǸջص칫ңξ˹˵岻ôҽԺæͶΡ
ޱԣ̲ס˳顣
Ͷι˼壬úȥɻҪɵĻһУУ⡣
Уֲ˽ˮѧУڰ칫Һ˿˵أֵĲ಻࣬žܲ⼸ǺֺóԵġپǴɨ༶ģУ԰ڵģҪɨҪĶϡ
УĻͶˣɨҶũæʱȥܱߴӰæɻũʱλɵĻаβɨ֡
ÿοҪĿģǾshigG٤Ҫѧǽѧϰʵ
ΪҪʦΣÿλȫ꼶ѧһֻҪиʦţú˾С
츺𿴺ǵģǮʦ
꼶İΣʦΣÿ꼶࣬ʦһ࣬պá
꼶࣬ʦͲ̫ˣϾβõһʦͬʱٴİΣ̫ѹեˡ
ʦã͸ʦգʦá
ǮʦǸʦСѧ꼶ֿΣ꼶࣬ҪſΣĹ϶ʦ
Сѧͨϣÿ춼Уޱ࣬⣬ÿҪĽڿΡ
ĸΣÿһھһڣСѧһ꼶ʮ࣬ǮʦŸΣһҲֻжʮĽڿΣƽÿĽڿΣޱʦ١
꼶εĳʦסԺһʦԻӣεİκˣܶϵģֻޱ
ֻǰɣҪĶƳ⽨ţöرˣޱ滳ɶ꼶λǲԴùˡ
˵ΪλԼ˶ˣޱǰڵˡ
绹ôѧ
ôһɵȴǰ춼Ҫæ
ֻ˵㲻㡢
ڽ첻ȥУɻ꼶ѧֻдɨ༶ԼεУ԰ĳһڵӲݡ
һֻҪȥŸ೤ලûʲôˡ
ҪģҲѧУʱʱȥתһȦǸɵôû˳ܡ
ǳпգޱͰҵˣ˿ʱ䣬дһƪ̰
æչĵ㣬ޱõҵ͵ࡣ
༶ˣѧǶȥβݣﶼûˣޱҵŵδϾȥٳ
ٳɱȽֶˣȥȫǸɵȻĺӡ
ȻûҪʦһɻѧУЩʦڻϣҲֻ񣬲¡ޱһʦЩ䤱ĺⱻͷһȣ͸Ÿ
βҪ˵жۣ治ڣǱȽ֣ټϲٳûڵֱ̫ɹţСʱޱͱɹͨ죬·ʪˡ
˶󣬲㣬ٳϵĲݾͱεĲˡ
ޱ̧ͷվ׼ôȥŶϴ֣׼ѧؼҡ
Ϊ׵̫ãټһˣһͷۻҲŻζԱ߰βݵ÷æվסޱʣʦû°ɣ
û¡ޱס壬Щ˼һˣȻСﶼ磬
⻰Ҳ룬˵̫ˣֻЦ÷лȻҵע˵͵ɣˡ೤֣༶飬źöȥϴ֡
ϴ֣ޱסĿδصʱõҵȥԼذ칫ˡ
ʱѾ磬ʦȥˣһ칫ңޱڵǼ䳨š
ΪҵѾ꣬ҪĿҲòˣԽȥޱֻϱİߡ
ֻûޱͱ˸סˣͣסŲתʣУʲô𣿡
ӢߵޱǰЦʣҲȥһߣ
쵼ҪҪһߣޱȻ᲻ӦЦŴӦʡôô硱ߡ
æ˾ȥӢشʣ㣬ôڲŻأ
ޱ˵ǮʦŮҪȥҽԺû˹ܣͰˡ
ޱ·ϵĺӢʣ㲻ֹæ˿Σȥɻ˰ɣ
һᣬûáޱԳ˵ҿ̫ûũЩӶ硣
˵䣬ߵ˶꼶ڵһţӽ߳ѧˣ׷״кУãʦã
ޱѾһʱ䣬ڻܽѧֶϣЩѧкͻẰԷ֣ǻؼ·Сġ
ڼ䣬Ӣһֱûٿڡ
ֱѧУţ·ѧˣӢ˵Ӧúܲ
ޱ˵Ƕܿɰ
ǰɣӢ¶Цݣٿѵʱ򣬿ЩӣҶûټּ֣һؾͺˡ
ӷӢϵЦݣޱԿϲӣŻŬȥΪЩӴõѧϰ
ڴ˶ݱʱУЩӺˡ

ؼǰޱȥܼҽ
ǵܻȽϻңϢʱޱͰͻˣг°ðæտš
ޱʱһྐྵӡ
֪˭ģĹƤǲֱ£ǺҲླƤһ³ȥ˭µøԶ
ޱ°˵껰Ժ˵ʱ䲻̫ɣӸ꣬뽫ĹƤǰ
ޱȷһ˲䣬絽ϵľԲֹƤӵĿˮ
Ȼ󣬽ʾ͸ûʲôϵˣ˵ˮ֪磬Ͳôˣƨɶ̫Ҫæ
ˣѾܾû̻һ·ʱˡ
ٿӣϹŵĹƤ󣬲ûεǸЦ
ޱãȭͷӲˡ
л˵
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60 
ܵҺ֪ޱԡϴ, ʣôϴ裿
ΪݵȣʮѮˣ¶Ȼûȫ, ϴæûһᣬϾҪðǼһǳ극ϴ裬ϴҲˬˬȥ˯
ֵձѵһͨᶼ̫ҿ
һͲµ⣺Ǵʲôˣ
, ϬسԷȥ, ݵ, ҧǰһ˵ʱ, Ϸ, ͡Сİѿˮˡ
ܣʲôϷ
¹Ƥ
ԭͯƶ, һʱûǸʲôϷ
ְû˵ˣؽ˵, һƤ˭µԶ
ˣʡ
ҡͷ, ȻֵͷͻȻСʯͷ, ǾͰѹƤµˡ
ãֹˮйƤ
ô, ȥתһȦû󣬲û, ú¯ϻˮ, ҪǼûʲôˡ
˵, Ϸ˲ͲˣȥһβгҲһٵĲˡֱޱ⻰ű֤ʵ
Ȼ漮ʯǣ𣬾͸Ÿĸڲϡ沿פʡ߰ʱ򣬾ͱȥ׶һֱ졣
ʡǵط³£ʱڣϻˡΪܳһҶˣǰǾ͵ˣžshigG٤ؽš
Ⱥ׶ȻǱУ´͵Ĳûʡ࣬һ복ǳе¡㵽죬ҲϰһĲˡ
֪ܲʯǵʡʱ˶ɵͲϰߣ֪ٻصʯǣֱȥҲûܸĵϰߡ
ϵ󣬵һθޱȥˣ۰ˣ۸۸ʱúϡ档
ܻʹΪʲôһ㣬˲ôţŸڲ⡣
ޱʣʵĲ𣿡
ȻЩܷźü죬ѡʧˮ֣ЩģܳԣڸһЩгĲ˻ǵժģֲԶȻԸÿһˡ
ܻȻ
ˣޱûȥгûʲ˵ģܷҲǰļԼʱʱɽɲˡ
ȥгҲ򵽵㲻̫ˣպų̲ˡڶˣῪʼ߰˵ܳϷÿ졣
ڳתһȦֻصݣߵԡſš
ǰŰ廹ϸ΢ˮۿۿۡͣˣŹ룬ޱŴôˡ
ʣ棬ǳԷԷĻȥ
Сޱش𣬽ȨתƸܡ
˵ãȥʲô
ӵתһȦʣְ𣿡
˵Ļ󣬳Էȥ
ԥҪԷ
ܣӦûôѳ԰ɣֿ
ְӣ΢ԥ˰ӣȻѡԷ
аɡ
תԡſڣŸޱӵľȻߵԣԿ״򿪹ţ﷭ǮСƱһСƱһźƱϣ꿴ʲôˣپʲôƱ
Ϊޱϴ裬ܾûӴߣԼϷоͳˡ
ܳȥûһᣬޱϴˣ˺ͷҲϴˣ߲߳ͷʣְֳˣ
ְȥˡ˵ʣ㻹𣿡
ޱߣ˼ǵȻ
ڨڨͷʣôԲ
ޱɳϣ״
ϣǰվţ۰Ͱ͵صĻش
ޱ˺һǵı飬˵еô죿
Ҹ㵹ˮܵ÷ɿ졣
û磬ֻվ
϶ӵˮޱȷ磺ѽеô죿
ȥõȡܵ÷ɿ죬Ҫ¥
ޱæ˽סС壬ûȵض٣ʱûˤˡ
״ϿεĵϷŵҵޱӣҰȷ硣
״ѧҲԼҵޱ
ǵŷлͿޱɳϣˮһûһڵغţվһߣظŷ硣
ȷ磬ӱʣڻ𣿡
һɡ
Ŷȡ
ܽзŵϣߴ򿪸ӱ˵Էˡ
ޱӦԷȥɡ
æϣΧŷ£ʣ㻹𣿡
Ȼޱͷ
Сһ¶ʧ̽ʣʲôʱܲ
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ޱﰵˬȴԵıְɡ˵ӿʣôѵǲԸ⣿
Сһԣͷҡø˹ƵģûС

극ޱһֵĴȷ񣬿ʱǿˣ׼ͣʹӺŽˡ
ĳһʣôˣ
ûʲôôˣޱкֶ˵͵ˣȥɡ
ڽˡ
ҵ׼ߣͣס˽Ųתͷ˵˼ǵýŶ
ԭܵǣߵԣɿס
ٴ꣬ٶ㣬϶˵ĺĺڣֻõܵܺñ
ӵСޱЦ˵ģ衮϶ǽǵġ
ֵţʣСָʲôˣ
ޱϤǰܾرԣӸǱһ仰˱˵Ȼӡ
ϤӰɣԵʱԣƤʱҲ
ޱҲûΪͷۡ
õܲ˦ƹʰǸ˵æˣѵʱϺȣллˡ
ޱͰһˮ͹Ƥ¸˵ˣۣͦһˮɰҸġ
󣬺ûعЦЦʣôۣ
ΣʦӲˣҰæܡ˵βݵ£ޱŴ˵ǰũæʱҸڴ˺棬һ쵾ҲʲôڲŰ˲һСʱĲݾ;ᱳʹЩӶ硣
˵칫ǰڳϰ࣬æµһ쾫ͷܺãڲˣߵ·
߰ĺǺöʱӣһ춼ۣ治
лԼޱĿģҷ¸˵ˣֵС˵ŸǸģȫԼдǸҲĵģ͸⣬ǰͻȥ
ޱʣӪԸȥ
ȻԸ⣬ڼֵÿˣβТ˵Ҫȥءһôô桱ı顣

ޱһʡԺţ˼Ƭʣȥ棿
Т£СɴǰǵˣǾǼ£౻˵켸䡣蹻ǿӲֱӸ浽λʹˣֲãǰ;Ҫꡣ
Ǽƣȥ棬θգֱ˵Т˳Ǿȥ棬ȥĸŸö˵ˡ
ɷģޱ֪̫ȻûȥģɻʣΪʲôַˣ
ΪʲôΪǮ£Ʋ˵˵ĸŹܣͰѸ״ĺ˵ˣҪֿˣϲТ˳ƷñӣԺǰ;϶ͻˣþ͵ְתҵٲ·סţҲпܡ
˵θеί׵磬ܵСҿ˵ֻģȻֶ˸
ⲢЩĸΪңԼСҶȥˡɾĸʱ軹ҪТ˳ûģҪȥ
Ϊֵģ̫˵ĸ״֮ķӦ
տʼŻܵ⣬Լסεİ취ˣ˵·źѱû취ÿ¸ѣɵˡʵλ˵˺ܶ࣬shigG٤Ѳصġ
뵽εʱܣֲôı飬̲ס˵治֪ǰʲôⱲӲô衣
Щ˿͸ĸԵǳܿҲǺ¡
ǵҲǣˣǾˡ
ޱͷͷβ©һˣʣ쳳ܵʱӪܵܲڣ
ûôˣ
ûʲôҾǾе֣¶ɻޱ˵밡Ӫܵܲϰ£ûʲôϵܺõѣܲһֱڱ˼ҴŰɣҪڼңͷôܲһ㶼û
üôһ˵е֣ûʲôϵɣ
ޱôûϵҾӣ̫ƫСӣƫƫֻ̽ܳĴӵģĻСӡ
Сû̽統ȻûëȴǹӪʽһ¼ȥֱ̽ϵλû㵥λû̫ѵӰСӹ
ޱã̫ĸ̽ϵ˳Ŀġ˵Щ£
εܵ޹ģЩ¸ûϵڼȴڷ
ޱ˵Ӫһ˻ֻ֪Ȱͺϡ࣬Ҳǿ˵Ǹʵˣƫ̫ҲТ˳һŵ㡣ֻ˵޵
ϣεܵ޹
ޱ˵뷨޹ģˣ󲻽޵Ʒǡ
ʲôˣ治
ȻͦҪϰ࣬ټҪ죬ѡĿ϶ԣûʲô
ټ̫̫ޣ֮ǰûаʲôɫ
ãֻҪܰߣƷûҪ趼ˣܲڵϼ
ޱ˵Щʵǵ⼸£תһ룬Ŀ趼סѵʰ˵ܵܣ
ſġ
ֻǺܿ죬ޱԼ̫磬γµĲԼ
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61 
Դӵ֪ޱ˾СѧĴʦ, ǳҲԲã˯Ҳ˯ãܱһ
ʵǵһָܡ
ȥ, ÿЩȴΪĻ̶ȸߣ˺õλʱܻƣġ
ʱٲ, Ҳֻ, ûҪʲô
ֱ·ݡ
Ϊޱϵһ, ˾ͳһ, Ե֪ڻû, ͶҽԺҩĹҲ̲ס, 嵽ðĹ
鵽ΪֹܲôǺޱϾӮˡ
˵, Ƿ޴һܣҲһ, ΪЦ
ڸ, 鳹׹ȥˣʼޱԼжд̡
ޱúã, ޱòãˡ
ĿǰΪֹܵʱ䱶ɱ˵ʱ䡣
ȻΪ, ˵, Ǻӵ, ޱȲҲԷܶޱںӣ࣬Ѿϼʮ֣ǴӻСӣ꼶
ŮɼǲѾͷƬһ
ԸսӪʱ򣬸ǳ⣬Ȼ˺ӸвĵطҲбޱɷǿĵطټйޱûԼȫʤ
˭ڴڵĹûܸɶãͱƣ˺ޱȴΪĻ̶ȸߣҡһ˾СѧĴʦ
ȻֻǶڹ֪ºҲûٰοԼ˵ʦһԺޱͻᱻѧУɨسš
ÿÿںޱ⹤ٽƲźá
ֻǵ֪µʱޱ˶һʱĿˣðǱûɼ֥Ĭˡ
ʲô취ܽޱһʱ벻
ֱΪϰ̫ۣؼҸϡȻԼҼҿܴ󣬵Էû˼᲻ûǮûޱ׵ľɳֻΣǿ
һᣬеڿʣкڷдҵĹŮԼˮ
ķԸ÷̧ͷڴſڣƬĸ͵ܵܣŴվߵǰˮ˱ˮ͵ǰ
ֽӹˮû÷һۣͷ
Ϊ̫æصԺûȹˮջʱ̫۾Ͳã建;úҪ
һˮ꣬ûǰһ캰ٸҵһˮ
÷صԣˣ⻰Ťͷ˵һкöҵ
ΪɣЩ꣬üëһ˵͵ˮĹܵд֣˵ˣ裬˵ҵҪ£ҵˮ͵øҵˮ
÷˵۾ɬҧס촽ȴû
;²˳ٿŮǲģĻɲð٣һβǲһ飬ҵˮ
ֲû㵹ˮҸܵܶڣû£ܽң÷ίغţ
ϣʱȲˣߵ÷ǰһѾסĶ䣺СѾͷƬӣҸ죡ҹԣ㴩ȥѧҵˮôˣܵܣޣ𣿡
÷
ŮĿվںԺԷֻж̸صʣôˣ꿴šŹŮ䣬첽ǰ֡
÷õţ˽ְֻޡ
Է屧סŮ䣬̧ͷšŮʲôѺίģ޳ʲôˡŹŮǰ˿˶
ίһأһ̥ʮһʺһôҵˮϴԸ
Ҹ赹ˮˡ÷Ž˵ˣٽҵҾ˵һкöҵҡ
ŮԼ״øˣ裬ϰһ죬һˮûȹ㵹һ𣿲ǵҵ趼Ҫˣôˣ
˵ÿţԷü˵ٺһˮôҲڿɡ
Է壡㲻˵ҹһȥ
ΪŬҲû£޹ϵͲ٣ԸָҸԷǺˣҾȱһˮȾҪˣôŰɣ
Էø߯ҪڣСѧûûε˵裬ˮ㲻ûôû°
סתͷӺ𣺡Ҹ˵ʲô죿Ͻҹȥϴ裬Ųҳ㣿
Դѧ£û˵⻰ǰƴû
ѧֻֽϻŲshigG٤вûһͷ˵
ôСӵ֣ѧ
òУԷȴ˵úãΪ˼ͥг⻰Ҳ룬û˵ֻԲˣһˮҸ㵹˰ɡ
˵𱻸ŵϵˮ׼ˮ
ֻǲ֪ǲʵǸ±ʱ̫ˮӾʹӵײڣһѿˡ
ÿԷ巴Ӧ죬ʱ֣û鲣
Ｘ˶ŵùǺ˺üʣôͻȻˣ
Է巴ʣأ
ŷӦ˵ô
Էøܵ˵ǣҰѱˣ˰ɡߵǰר˸´ɵĵˮݸ˲
ֱԷڳԼЦǺǵģͲ̫ȷˣֻֽӹ´ɱ
ֻղ÷ˮʱ򣬻Լرʣôһͨ󷴶ˣ´ɱֻһ˵ΪûҵˮΪҵ̬ȣʲô¶ʳܵܣҲ룬кӣԺҪȢϱģڼûʲôǹңԺҪˣڼ㣬ȥ˼ң˭㡣
÷껹֪꣬ʲôˣô˵ȥץְֿɵĿӣͰ͵˵Ҳȥ˼ҡ
㶼ûģΪ˴ѷ㣬ʱߴ΢һţƤšԷƤˣ̫ϲãؼҾͰƤˡ
ŮסȣΣжæְסȥŮ˵ȥȥԺ˭ҲȥָͶС˵Щʲôˣ
ʣԷߴ򿪹Ů֣һۣлѪʱô£
׼ԷǺ߿Ůϵˣɫһʣôģǲޱˣ
겻÷ش𣬾ͺ޺޵˵Ҿ֪ޱǼ˱ᣬʵЫĳ㻹Ǹӣôôģִ˵žԷŮ֣ϸ˵ôˡ
Ů֣÷ͷɿذ˻ȥ˵ʦûдңϵǰβݰεġ
ôܣѧУֲǵһ֯βݣǰ㶼û£ôޱյĴʦ˵ôˣҲŮ£죬ʹȥѧУ˵£֤Уޱ
ΪŮΪޱαԲŲ˵ʵ
ȴû뵽÷Ļ󣬲û¸˵ʵ飬Ϊޱ˵ŲǣʦǿɺˣҲܺ棬ǰѧϲ°ְ費ţǿ˵ʦҲܺãϲʦʦ
Է岻ץޱĴ©Ůô˵ٻɣֻʣϵô£
÷ͷ̫˼˵βݵʱʦˣöߣһβݣҡҲ͵úñ֣ͰεرȻȻˡ
С˵̧꣬ͷ˵ְ裬ʦܺõģܲܲҪУߡ
֪Ůϵ˲ʦģԷɫ㻺ģְ費ȥУġ
ְֵı֤Ϊί޺۾С¶Цݡ
ڿŮϵЦݺԭͲ̫õɫ͸
ʮ»̥ŮһˮԸ⡣ȴΪޱǰ֣βݰεѪ죡
ҪǣޱȥСѧβŶãѾŮǰѧ£Щӻ뿪ǲãѧУ쵼᲻ת
һ뵽ޱתΪʽʦͼʷˣãֹ·
ôֹأ
ţߴŮϣ䵽ϣȻ󻺻˴ǡ
һ磬θտʼʹŮ˾СѧУ칫ңߵУɵΪҹŮ
л˵
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62 巣
Ÿһ޺, Ӣûȥ㱼ΪԼϷ̨ϡջסˣһ, ߺ۾ҧ촽СʣŮôˣ
ҹŮˣ˵תͷҪȥŮ֣һû
ǵû÷ֱ, , ⺢ô£˻ؼҲ, ֹ, 㻹ηηģϽó
˵ֱӰס÷, ǯס, ǿӲذִָһӢУ㲻֪ҹŮҵʱ, ûһ⣬ҪҼλȰ, Ҷˡ
ŸĻ, Ӣͷ÷֡
һҹ÷ϵĺ۶ʧˣֻʣ˺ۡ
ӢС, ʣ۲ۣ
÷Ŵҡͷû˵걻ºۣ
ԱĨ᣺֪ʦ̺ܽ쾭壬ҹŮ, ѧϰɼҲһֱܺ, ƾʲôѺӴ
Ӣʣ˼÷ͬѧϵ, Ǳʦģ
׼Ů˵˺ۣģ϶ҹŮ֣İҹŮֲɵҪôɵ㶵֣϶ʦɵģ
Ӣͷ÷ʣ÷ͬѧϵˣʦ𣿡
ѽУʲôãǸ«ˣǵķˣ׷ʴ죬˵ʦģֱôʣĸ˵£嵲ס÷ɲѾͷƬ˵ȡ
ҳô˵Ӣ׷Сȥֻʳλʦ𣿡
ʦ˭
ԥҹŮϵ꼶ǰûʦڴʦ˻£ֻ־ͱѪ졣УɵøҹŮ
ˣǱ״ʦ״ļҳӢܶҪ⻰ɸޱӢã⻰ĿŶȵôۡ
ƫ̻ѧУʦʵǸޱڼǳĲͣټϴͷβǸ˵ĵֻۡ
Ӣ˵Ĩ˵УǼˣɲƫ̻εʦ
ģʦģҿ϶ƫ̻Ӣ˵ء
вڷӢ˾˵ݣҳָֻŹŮϸϸ˵ҹŮֻǺõģصҾһѪʦˣֻޱĿΣģ˭ģ
겻ȷӢش𣬸͵ɴ۾һŵʣΪҴĺӣޱɣ
꣬׼䷢ģ˵shigG٤Լ϶ûдŮ
û˵ڣӢʣͬ־ôô룿ͬ־޳ԹΪʲô
⻰ʵģԼ顣
ɲǸޱгԹԲŹ
뺬ȥԼޱϵã״ƹ£˾֪
ڹŮٶȽޱڰԼȥ鴫ˣ˿϶ǹġ
ȻȷǹģҲ±ô룬Ѿɶ֣ôڱֹҲı䲻ʲô
캬ȥӢޱɨسˣִӱ˿ǹϵͣ˵Ĳ²⣬ô룿
᲻Լˣٰ·
뵽˵Ҹޱìܣôʣ˵ҹ
Ӣ
ǰӢ̬ɶ÷˵У밡С÷׹Ůʮ»̥ô󣬴ûöһָͷҸޱԸҲܹ޻˰
Сѧ߰˰ѧӢ˵ʶЩϤġ
÷ƽʱĴŴ磬ڼЩ㲻ãҲܲ·ϴЩףûвҲɾ
ﲻ֣Ҳûӣر߰ĺӣǳʱֻҪûӪĳ̶ȣǶ£ο÷ƼݣӪԶء
ȻܶҳŷĶǹ֮³ТӣӴ˻ǳе¡ŮмģƢҲǷ򰤰ӣ̴ʵûۡ
÷ϵǱģõĿ϶ϸ֦֮Ķϸ֦ô˺ۣ˵Ŀ϶˺֡
ȻôӢȷû˵дӵϰߡ
϶ޱģӢ̫ϡ
һޱϴʦȻܿͰĺε÷Ӣ֪ҪΪνúãǶϲû˵ѧ
ѧУȻʦ£Ķǽ̳ߣľȥʱۣһͺˣôϸ˺ۡ
÷ϵޱģΪʲôֳɵĽ̳߲ãרҸϸ֦
Ӣӽ칫ңһֱͷСʣ÷ͬѧϵʦ𣿡
÷Լ˶ûȫ̧ͷ˵У⻰ʲô˼ҹŮǸӣѵ˵ԩޱɣ
ӢɲǸСɩᱻ仰ס±ü˵ͬ־֪Ϊĸףӱˣ϶żӽ칫ңһֱ˵÷ͬѧڶûҶһ䣬ȷ𣿡
Ӳ֮ǰӢͣ˵û˺ܶ˼ɣڷӢ̬ǿӲƾЦ˵ûû⣬ֻ֪ܲҹŮԸȽޱ£ǵҳķϵ˺׷Žģôŵ
Ӣԣüͷ΢΢¡
ȻŻʳӣΪӼ޻ޱ£ѯ÷ȷϣϵǲޱģνض÷Ļشʵڿɡ
Ƭ̺󣬷ӢڵȻ֮ʦ÷ͬѧΪѧУУƫƫţɣȥʦйҵţ˵ô
붼֤ȷˣʲôöŵģ
ϷӢĿ⣬ûҰ⻰˵ڣֺõЦУģҹŮʵ϶˵ѻƭҡ֮⣬Ů϶ޱġ
ӢȴûнӸĻ˵ڰ칫һᣬȥʦ
æӦ£ϴЦͷӢ칫ſڣӰǰһŷӵסűɫת÷Уϵǲޱģ֪ô˵𣿡
÷ͷҧ촽
Ʋģڼҵʱ򶼸ô˵ˣУ۲۵ʱش˵ۣûԼĻϡÿԼӦ죬һѣĿ˵ۡ
ҪΪУʻҲڲڣ·УɣҪޱš
뵽־š÷䣬뵽УҪ䱻š϶Ҫʣĳʵ˵Ļ𣿡
ȻòϵطҪҲۡ
÷ð˵ۣ
ϲֻۣ˵֪۾͸ҹԹ˵ʲô˵ʲô֪𣿡
÷˵֪֪ˡ
Ůɿڣɫ˵ԣ㣬½ˣóԵĳԣ·òã
÷˵ҪóԵģҲ봩·ֻϣܼ飬ʵĺúӡĿ⣬ŽߵĻ˻ȥͷ

ޱڽ̨ϣŽ̰ϰҪʱͻȻ˺̧ͷſڿȥͼӢʾȥ
ޱЩɻ󣬿첽ߵſʣУôˣ
㡣Ӣࡣ
ޱ״ɫҲ˼֣أʲô£
Ӣޱ˵ղţͬ־ҵҰ칫ң˵巣ѧŮˡ
л˵


63 
ޱΪԼ, ѿڶʣʲô巣ѧ
ϵľʮУαӢ˵㲻巣ѧ, ֻѧҳţһǵ˽
ʵޱڻµģϴʦûãڸû̳ߣҲû巣ѧ, ۽ѧˡ
֪ڲʱ, ͷ˵, ֻһ, ÷ͬѧˣ
ޱÿνҵʱ, ϰԵɨһ۽ڶ, ԸϿͷ÷ûϿε¡
ʹ೤Լ÷ϵõļѧõĴ𰸶û, ǲˡ
ޱʱе֣һ˵, ѧ, ҳѧУ٣ٲҲͬѧ仰ӣⶼ֪
ڼס, Ҳܶˣʱûʲô󶯾ûȥԼʡ
ʲô, ȥ֪ˡ
ֻޱû뵽, ⻹û, ֪÷ûϿεԭ򡣵е֣ڼ￴÷ˣô˵˴ˣ
ӢûΪ˵ЩϵΪޱˣûоޱﲻԣ˵ģҿˣ˺ۣϸ֦ġ
ޱü϶˵û۹ϸ֦ҲûƵĶ칫ҵʦĺӶԸ֤һ£ͬ־Ϊʲô϶Ҵ˾shigG٤÷ѧԼ˵ģ
˵÷ͬѧԼ˵ģҸղΣӵĻش𶼱ضˡӢʾڸͬ־÷ͬѧҰ칫ңҹ㣬ϣѻ˵ô¡
ȻӢûѻ˵̫ףޱǵˣûд÷
Ȼˣνض÷Ļصͺ˼ˡ
ޱø÷ô˵ģԼ˸ûйϵֻǸںû
ңޱ÷Ը˵ѣֻڸı£ĲԸԵú
̬ҲܳΪͻƿڡ
ޱڵԺйһ飬ԷӢ˵ȥڸʦ˵һ£ҿŰﺢӡ
Ӣͷȥɡ
ΪλúԼĻϰʦǱȽɣѧУſγ̵ʱһʦͬʱǳе¡
ʦʹޱûڸڿ˺󣬾ȥǰһˡ
СѧĽҶļһţһ꼶Ͷ꼶һڵһţ꼶ʣ꼶ǰڵڶţԴơ
ҲΪ˳ϵԶ꼶һڽУߣޱôһ꼶ſ߹ȥ
ߵһ꼶ſڣưƴˣޱɻʣ첻ʦһϰ𣿡
ޱͷ˵У£˳ҿһᡣ
ŶڽģޱȥҲȥ֣ʣУʲô£
ޱ£ûעĻֱߵһſں󣬷ֻưƻԼųʣղŸ˵ˣ
ưƣûС
ޱ￴ȥ
Сѧ꼶꼶Ƿˮ룬ڼѧĺӺܶ࣬һ꼶Ȼ꼶һ࣬ѧҲҪһЩʮ𲽡
ѧȻ࣬лͦ۵ģޱܿ췢ڽҺŮʦڶԷ̧ͷʱ˻֡
ʦܿ߳ʣʲô𣿡
ޱżɽ˵ģѧҳҷУ˵ҴӣУȥѧҳ̸ҹҿ°ﺢӡ
ޱĻʦûڣưƾʣôмҳͻȻҹ巣ѧ
ޱЦ˵ûУҲ֪ѧҳΪʲô϶Ҵ˺ӡ
λѧļҳѧ𣿡ʦʡ
ޱ˵÷ͬѧļҳӦʶסҼҸڵĸˣУ˵ϸ֦ģأѪۣѾˡ
˵ҳǸưƺʦһۣ뵽֮ǰޱ£ͬʱҲΪʲô϶ޱˡ
ǵû뵽ԼӼ޻ޱĿܣҲûޱ˺ӡֻǾ֮ǰԹŮޱѧӰ϶ޱ֣֡
ưʣڴô죿
ȥ˵ûѧޱ˵
ʦ²ָֹ̫ۣޱˣû֣Ҳһţʣô˵ģ
ڻ˲֪ޱҡͷʦæŰﺢӵ¡
ʦӦû⡣
ʦӦޱûൢ飬ֱӴƽȥŷӢȥ칫ҡ
СѧһŷӣǰŶǸʦģȻ䱻ĳᣬһĳ˳һļ䲻䡣
һŸǳɵʱǰ칫ңԷݿȸǰŲ࣬һ
ʦ칫ңһУ칫ңʣһֿ⣬һᣬΪѧУְǾɩ泤ڿš
У칫м䣬Ϊ̸´˰칫ҵţ˻û칫ң˽Ų
÷ʹ˸ɫſڿȥ
Ӣʱ¶ЦݣںУޱ߽칫
ޱɫı仯Уȴû⣬ֻתͷ÷
Ϊղűеۣ÷û޳ȻֹܿסᣬۿЩ졣
ֻޱûһᣬͰͷȥޱֻܿҪؽŵ˫֡
УǸеˣ²ϲҲ̫ʱȥ̵棬˫֪ʲôкºֱ˵ʼɡ
סʼʲô
ͬ־ʦ˵˵ΪʲôΪ÷ͬѧϵģӢ˵꣬תޱʦҲͬ־˵˵ΪʲôԼû÷ͬѧ˭ȿʼ˵
ޱ˵ȻǸͬ־ģ˵ɡ
ΪӢ˽еһܽô£ޱָܵأܻŻ߲ԷӢĻ顣ΪŮϵޱģޱıãᱻʵȨı˽۸ӵȻ󱻸ϳСѧ
ڣӢһ仰˵Լô£ޱ㲻ű⣬˵øʲô
˲·ƣøе£˰죬ʲôû˵
Ӣ״üͷ΢壺ͬ־
ع񣬿ʼϹࣺģ°صңС÷дҵƲ̫ԣ͹ȥ֣ⲻ֪һһȫģѪۣҵʱˣô£տʼ֧֧᲻˵ұƵû취ʵ
ҰѺ͵ѧУΪѧ֪ʶ͸ģҹŮôСôôģûһ⣿ޱתӢУɵúúùܹûʦ£ٹ˽ӵʦ
·Ӣƫ̻ޱ£˵ûʦµڽʦԺۺӵļҳмҰѺ͵ѧУӰĲȫʦǾСѧԼ
л˵
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64 
˵, ӹһ˿⡣
ڴڴ򷹵ʱΪٸһɩ˰ԷǴӸȺ, ɿй˿ͣűƵΰӴڵġ
Ϊ֮ǰ˿θѧޱĸΪȫʦ, Ŀľ÷ӢΪ˾Сѧ, ޱϳСѧ
, Ӣѡƫ̻ޱ, ϳȥ, Ͱȥ, мҳ顣
ʱ򣬲·Ӣͷ
ӢĻ󣬲ûⷴӦ, ֻתͷޱʦ
ޱվ˵ʼ⣬÷ͬѧʲôʱܵˣ
ҸղŲ˵˸, ޱʱ䡣
ޱİۼʣ, 磬磿
ߵŮѡܶ𣺡ԼҹŮ, ʲôʱ˵ܲ𣿡
Ĵ÷ͬѧȻû壬ʵҸûˡޱŸ˵, ȾshigG٤ȻһҧҴ, ܵø, ʲôʱˣʲôߴ˰ɣ
Ӣʱ廰Ҳ֪

Ůܵˣ֮ǰϿ϶û˿ڣ˵ģޱҹŮͬһʾ¶ˡ
ΣѧǶڽޱûдѧȥʾ֪ˡȻмϢʱ̫̣̫Բ
ãΣѧǸæģʦҲȽɣһֱͬһطûˮ㡣
ãȻҪʣҾ͸㣬ϸҹŮ˵÷֣ģôСĺӣҲܺݵİִƤȥˣϵ˺ۻûã
֮ǰ֮󡣡
ԥ˵֮󡣡
ã˵һг̰ɣҵϿ죬ҲӰ칫ҳȥĽҡҺ½ȥ˶꼶࣬ŵ񣬻һˡŷӣңһص˰칫ңֱ֮ĵ㣬Ҷڰ칫ҵͱ̰ڼưʦ޻ʦڣǿΪ֤
򴽣ĵ֮أ
ĵĺõҵȥ˶ңʱǶȥβˣûˣҰҵŵδϺ󣬾ȥ˲ٳͺһβݵҡ˵⣬ޱͣסתʸͬ־ʲôʱʱȥŮ
˵˭֪ȥҵʱ˶á
ڶһСʱ÷ͬѧ棬ѵһܸմޱʡ
Ժأ
Ժ֯ȥϴ֣֮ǻ˰༶׼ѧһذ칫ź󣬾ֱ뿪ѧУ
ޱʱ䣬˵˵ʱҹŮ
ޱЦ˵ͬ־õÿ˼
ΪҹŮŵģڶ˵ʲôʱô۾Ϲ˵˵ذ칫ȥˣʱû˿˭֪˵ǲģһȥ˱ĵطأһǳʱ򣬴ҹŮأ
ޱʣûذ칫ң÷ͬѧأѵҲûؽ𣿡
֪Щϸڡ
ȻϾ˽Ů˿ڣޱѧ뷨֪Է֪϶ȥΪ˱ݾߣ뷨󣬸ûţֱϣű÷α֤Կڹ
Ϊޱ÷£ȫǸģԶԿڹʱ򣬻Ǹ˵÷ѧ
ҲûҪȥϸڣһʱôޱ߲һֱˣӵĵطܶࡣ
ֻҪŮҧޱԼޱͿ϶ϴˡ
ȫûҪ÷г̣Ȼ֪ʲôʱûˡ
ȫû뵽ޱ⣬Ͱʱһ죬ѹһԣӿʼһ硣
Ҫǣޱôһʱߣ벻԰ޱѧ£嵽ʲôʱȥ
ãٱޱǣűˡ
˵ʦʦѧȻ˵˵뵽ĵһֱڰ칫ң˭֪ʱǲ׼ģһǰ˰칫ң߰˷ӣ˭⣿ֲǶűӡ
ޱЦˣڸͬ־ֻҪ֤ˣ˵ıȻǼٻֻ㣬ͬ־˵ȫģ˵ҴѧҾһѧôأ
תͷӢ״У˵ʲôΪʦҳ˵̬𣿡
Ӣɻʣ̬ôˣͦõһֶûС
Ұ
Ȼޱ棬ʲôĻˣ˱ԡֻݹٷŻ𣬲յơȻݲޱ
ɺ޷Ӣװɵ㶣ֵﲻˣֻҧ˵ҹŮѧУˣǵĴʦֱָϴҹŮҶʼôˣã̬ȣҹһ
Ӣ˵ˣϻ˵һΪʦΪȻڲЩΪҳԺʦҪаɣҰ칫ҵ˵Щһ
ʣҹŮһ
Ӣšüָߵ˵ûжǰҲſڱտ˵ĺݣûʦ¡У̬ҲֻƾʲôҪ˵ʦһͷ
Ӣ⻰ƿģǾƫģܲƽ˵ôûжۣҹŮ˵ˣޱִģҹŮһСӣѵѹݺɣ
ޱ˵ͬ־˵÷ͬѧ˵Ҵģ߽칫ҵڣû˵һ仰
Ҳ֪ŵڣҹŮһ仰˵ֱ׳˵Ҫô㣿
ޱûֻܸӢȻ÷ͬѧǵˣǲӦ
ȻӢͷ
ȻӢȥޱʱ򣬸ָŮǿһ飬Լ˵ﻹе㵣ģæҾͲˣΪʲôҪҹŮڣʦֲǲ֪СԸô˵ʲô˵ˣڼҵʱֲûҽ
ޱϸĻȻ͸ңʲôʱΪʲôʱΧûˡ˵ȴƫҪ˵ҴѧҲϣ˵ҵΪ֤ҲҵǸ
ʦĻͬ⡣Ӣʱ̬ڡ
ɸĸҿڣޱžǲղŵĺҪȷʱص㡣ֲѧУʦûжǣ֪ʲôʱ䣬ͬʱ
ҲϹΪһ˵ʱص㣬ޱ÷һһޱ˳ϴɡ
̸ڣӢ̬Ҳˣƫޱġ
ټţŮڣ¿϶᲻֮֮ҲûлޱϳСѧ
ҹŮ׿˵㲻ҲܲϣһСӣĻôʱȥ֪˻ΪҹŮƷвáҧ˵ʦָ㣬Ժô죿
칫˶˸˼˵ˣҪ֤
ӢҪȡ֣ȻϣÿӶǺõģƭˣôʦôѧ˭ӣҲǻѵġ
οڣҲˣ÷ôŪģ˭Ūģޱǿ϶ġ
ĸ׵ı£÷˵滰
Ӣδأ˳Ÿ˼
ֻǷӢҪڣи𣺡ֻҪ÷ͬѧ׿ָҴҾͷ⣬뿪СѧshigG٤
Ӣɫһ䣺ʦ
Ŀžϲ˵ģ
ޱɫ䣺滰
ޱ֪֪µԣӢֱޱ֡
֪ôʧҾã̳ĺӣѡ˻ԣֻ֤Ҳʺݹ
ȻޱʦѼϼܣְݹڶݵദУҲϲ˰Щӣˡˡĸֵ
ԽףڶԴЩӵʱҲԽأϣԼ̺ܽЩӣҲʦò
֪ԼڴʦĸλϸɶãҲ֪Ժ᲻ʦڼ䣬ܾã۳̣ιΪõļ䡣
÷ѡԣýڡ
ҲζţΪĲĹʵú⡣ҲûЩӱøá
ᣬʧȥġ
ʧȥĵҲʺϼݹ
ޱӢһ˵ԲҪѰҴʦˡ
̫ˣûоۣԻѧʱ塣˵˵ʱ򣬷Ӣʱҡͷɵˣ̲ס
̾һ÷ʣղ֮Ļ𣿡
ز˷ӢĬϣŮļߴٵ죬Уû
Ƶ칫м÷Щڣż򣬽ͷ͵øͣˡ
Ӣʵ̧ͷʦ۾ʦϵ˵ôģ
ҡ
С̧ͷûüֱӷӢ۾Ŵŵ촽΢΢š
ٳٲżļһ˵У㻰㵹ǸϽ˵
÷ƵüһᣬԴȴ˵ҡϵԼβŪģ
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65 ޳
÷, ϵĵȻֹѸٱŭ֣һ÷ı, ʣ˵ʲôٸ˵һ飡
û÷ĵǰȥÿޱۼֿ죬һŽ÷
, ӻ, ⳡѿڶʣҽѵҹŮ, ʲ
û˵, Ӣһڰ칫, ȵˣ
Ȼʲô, ݺݵޱŮһ˵У϶ΪޱڣҹŮŲ˵ʵ, ҵʱ䣬ٺúø˵˵
ӢضĻʣҪ˵ʲôô۾˵Ϲ, Ǻˣ
˵ס, Ƭ̲ʣңҹŮϵޱģָޱвҹŮ˵ʵǲǣ
ͬ־, 㲻Ҫñ˶ɵӣ˵ʦŮ˵ûУ˵ѡʦ˵ұ˸֤, ûиŮദ, ˵˵ĻΪѡ, ڿ˵ָʦŮ׿ڳʦûдϵǰβŪģȻ˵û˵ʵ
ӢӰ칫Һվߵǰʣ㣬ǲֻ˳˼˵滰뷨ͬͳͳѣ
߲ߣҲܰһߣӢͷ˽ʮִ֣һ˫Ьߵǰʱе㸩ӵζ
ټôУº͵ʱºͣҲܻסˡ
۾һ˲䣬;һĻţ㿪˵ҡû뷨
ûУҿеúܣӢѧУǺܽѧϰĵطõĳ÷ͬѧҥЮ˽
ڷӦˡ
÷ӢʵƫģղΪŮָޱŵֻҪŮͷͰޱϳСѧϡ
Ů˵ƫޱĻæԼñˡ
ֻ⻰Ҳ룬˾ǰ˵Ȼû˵ϵĲ޿̫ˡ
Ӣı鿴У˵㲻ȻʦŮԣһϱòӰ飬ʱ˭˭ǣɶۣ
ԣɫױˡ
ʵΣޱûдŮġ
֮ԸҵѧУֹҲһʱôޱԼҲһǵʲôʱʲôʱˣˡ
ӢУȻòֲ鰸ӣʼ䣬˭վ˭ֻҪޱͲ¾ͳһ롣ֻޱҵ֤ˣֻҪŮϵޱģ͵Ҳûá
ֻǸû뵽ޱǵԼЩʲô˵ʼͽʱ䣬Լʲôˡ
û뵽Լ϶ղųŷӢȥ˵ʱֶ˹Ůü飬Ůǵˣ
ȻţֻҪȡ͹ŮĻᣬٴθĿڣ¾ͻת
˭ӢſھҪ浽ȥ
Ȼûӵ˲鰸ʲôҲ֪öԸǿɶרҵġԼҲˣһʱŮûţ˵ޱ£ͳˡ
뵽ʱһ飬嵽վޱߵ÷ǰһֻץס죬һֻžشƨϣӣѣ
Ȼƨ࣬ᣬһƴ̫ͻȻûô÷˲ˣ۴
ޱѸٷӦӸӣӸʲô
ӢҲ㵽Ҫʲô
Ȼû׷ȥ÷ҲûޱͷӢָֻ÷ŭǰϵôģ㵱ʱô˵ģ㣬Դ˵أʦ͸Ŀˣڶ֪˵ľ仰ģľ仰Ǽٵģ
ޱͷӢǴˣʱ˿̣ŸĻ˶ˣ֪ηӦ
ҲҪǸӦԼܰϷȫ÷ͼ˵У⺢û취˰⺢ӻѻƪ߰˱飬ϵôģһҧʦģڣ˵ĶǼٻ
ޱͷӢԣʮ
ޱ˵֮ǰ˵׷˺ܾãС÷˵Ҵģô߰˱飬һҧˣ
ǰ׷˺ܾã˵ģҲţ˺ü飬ô˵ֻ˰Ϊô֣ǰôôƶ˵ţص̾˿û뵽⺢ӻѻƪ
޳ܣ
ޱôҲû뵽Ȼڴȥ󣬰еƸһĺӣ
ɫ֪˵ʲô𣿡
죺ʦ֪֮ǰС÷һ֮ʣ϶ҲԣףǸҹܺв
ޱ޵СshigG٤û벻ףôĸס
ԼΪ˽˶Թúӵ˵ߵڰף˾ˣư¶Ȼ뽫Ƹ޹ĺӡ
ޱĿؿŸ㲻䵱ĸף
ѸٵͷòαŤ״˵ҳϣ赱òְ̫ɽ֮ǰҲû뵽⺢Ѿ˰УʦǷģȥһúùܽ⺢ӣ̽ʵ˵ĵ
ޱ˵ȥˣ˭ѣ˭ߵڰףϱȥ벿ӵһ֪ˡ
͵̧ͷ𣡡
һ;ò̫ʣӷɿתţУٸҹŮһλɣȻˣ˵ҲֻǸӣһ飬δȫ˰
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÷ǸúӣҲµõʼնǸԵݵһϷ
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÷ĸף
˵÷Ʒвˣѻƪޱã˶šֵӣӰʱ򣬸ɥĲذȫƵ÷ϣһӣ֤Լ
㲿˲࣬÷ԾһǺõ
³Ҳδ˼벻Ʒвˣɷֲãñӿ㹻·šƶũɷǾˣ˵ҲֻǸǸдݼ¡
ֻԸСĳ½ֻŮҪˡ÷࣬껹ʮ꣬Ҫĥ̫ˡ
ĳĬ󣬷Ӣ˵ϱԣǣͬ־ʦ֣صǸ⣬£еڶΡ
ʹӦģԺҾƫƫš
ڮ÷
Ӣܲ˵ʦǸˡ
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Ӣɲô࣬ߴٵͬ־ĥ䣬Ҫˣʱ칫˿ɲ١
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ڵͷҧ˵ʦεҲԣ롢ԭҡ
ޱֱ˵Ҳԭ㣬ˡ
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ҧһ̧ͷӢУ㿴
Ӣ뿴ͬ䵭˵߰ɡ
ҭסƤЦⲻЦ˵ҴС÷Ȼȥˡ
ޱ˵÷ͬѧҪȥϿΣͲһˡ
⡭תͷӢȻޱ飬Բԣ˵УԼȥ
Ҫڱ͵͵ϱֿˣͰȫƹŮϣܸܲµĺӼƽϰɡ
÷׹ŮʰԺǻᣡ
Щһ飬ʩʩȻ߳칫ҡǱģ߳СѧٶŤ
֪ûгɹԺޱûܡ
ûϵޱֻµĿΣ˵ȹ۵ĳʦԺͱɨسˡ㵽ʱ֥϶βܡ
ˣɱޱá

ޱ֪㣬ں÷͸С˵˼ҷõ£ϻȥǵøְ߰֡
ȻҰţԷ岻İˣȻʦţе̾Ͳ١
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ޱش˵ѧѧУô£Ҫüҳ֪
ʵϣҷþΪԷ״
ͬôãǿˣԷ㲻϶ãȷǸˣңȫˡ
һ²Ըͷµˣһֱײµﲻˡ
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һ˵ޱܷ޺ͥģһΣԷ͸ԽԽá
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66 ͷ
м, ޱȥ˸ת
ʦӸڰ׼࣬ޱ, Ųһ٣֡ޱֱֿ̧¿Σ͸೤˵ǵԼ¿Ρ
߳, ʦʣô
ûô
ʦ̧̧°ͣ÷ϵ˵ô£
ޱش˵, β֡
ʦ˿, ־òԣǸô˵ģ
һѾޱε˵
ʦ˹ȥĶԹ, ѹʣģΪʲôô
˼, Ҿҹ, ұϳѧУޱ̾˿˵˵÷, Ůƭˡ
ʦţǿ׹Ů
ޱĬû˵
ϲ˶Ϊĸ, ̫, ԶĻг°õĸĸҲˡ
ʦΪʲô㹤֮ǰ״ҽԺҩĹ, ڻҪݹǶˣ԰֮ǰ¾, 㶼ûǺ, ôʲô
ޱ²˵ܡΪԹ, Ըҹúðɡ
ˡҲ̫ˡʦૣǸɩ治֪Ըųʲô۹⣬ôˡô
ɡ

ǸȻˡ

ôУϱӣ飬֪ô˵𣿡ޱʡ
ô˵
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ʦ˼ʣ÷вǣ
š
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ص칫ңưҲޱʲô칫ʦҲڣԴôˡޱͰѸʦ˵ĻshigG٤ظ˵һ顣
ưƢ̲꣬סˣǲв
޻ɻ󣺡˵ôͼʲô
ͼʲô˺¡ưƲ죬˵ҽԺҩǹŸޱʲô𣿵Ҫ֣һλҪֵڶΡ
޻̾˿Ǿɩαء
ưƷ˸˵˰ɣǿͬΪɩķϣЦأӴڱ㻹ûװ
칫ʦʣǼôˣ
һʦ˵԰ٸ򷹣ΪŶ̫࣬һʱû˹һʱ𣿡
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ʦʣǳܣ
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칫ʦͷԸ͵޻ҲԼøھӡ
ǣȫ칫ͬĿⶼޱϡ
ޱ

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극󣬷һֱûȥޱȥӪݷ
СѧʳùӦҪѧͣѧǴҾ̫ãóĲͷޣΪ˽Լɱʳ÷زΪżмߺʹӦ
ѧУʦҾ˹Ӫ골ӦʦǸԸȥԡ
ΪѧУλŵ磬ޱӪʱûʲôˣ극Ÿչʮ㣬ȥ·½½Ӫȥ
Ǹսޱ͸ˣҲźüУȻʳãﺢҲһ
ޱһˣʣأ
ޱ˵ϳŵʱСʯͷϸȥѧУСʯͷˡ
˵ءȻҿһۣѹޱ˵ųʱ䶨ˡ
ĳƺޱҲ̧ͷҿۣ˶û̫עǣͬѹʣʲôʱߣ
˵ϵĴȥ˾ġ
ޱʣ˾տУ
ܽޱر⺣ϢϵԺ˽ּ˲١
ںֳӣԺֻغǻһϺӣϺ˾տС
ȻǺֻ˾Ҳ˾ݵȻ㣬е˾Ȼ
ֻտȻݵܽرҬǣȥֻҪСʱǻϼңտкҪ˻ȥתȻȥء
˵ϾϼңżĻѡǣԼٻˣ˱ȽѺá
θĸ׵ܵܰŵĴյվտУɴ˿ɼ漱ߡ
ͷǿɲ̫֪ºڼһͨ˵ͷؿۣûԡ
ӪʲôӦ
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̫𣿡
ˣθڱ˭ãⷹͳţָͷĿɨֱһ˵ˣҵøϽȥӶڼҵء
ޱ˵ټ͸ֿȥ
쵽ܼҵʱޱ÷ȻֻܿӰ̧߱Ĩ۾ĶԿڿޡ
ޱüͷ΢壬÷
÷ͣסŲתʵغʦ
ϵˮޱ첽ߵǰʣôһ˻з𣿡
ޱʻãһ÷̲סˣ˵ǻӣҷء
ܵأޱʡ
ǶзԣֻûС÷Ŷӣί˵ҶӺö
ޱڵŭǣ÷˵ߣʦȥԷ 

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һѾޱ̾˿˵ûԷҴȥһԣأ
£ʹӺˣ˽ﺰѧ
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ޱİʾȻ󲻿ؽӻȥǸûȥԷˡ
°һ˵Ҫ԰ɣжġ
һʱȥӪ˷ˡޱ˵ŴĴóС
С÷ҲҪĸ˲ɣ°ٴһ԰ɣˣҺСʯͷ˿϶Բꡣ
˽粻ԣ
ҩ½һҩģ⼸Ҫæúܡ°˵ʣüװ
ޱ˵ĸɣȰҴķꡣ
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ʵ°þͳ̲ˣһཷһ̺飬ͦ࣬˵ȷԲꡣ
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˵Ĳ˰ڵһ𣬵ǲɫḻҲˡ
ĸӶԵúܸˣرԱ°ڣ¶ԲֵĶӣ˵ôİͷ
ΪݵϺóԵˮ̫࣬λòر
ѧУʳľɩΪǱˣİͷһʯǳԵǸݵǻᴬϳԵĶá
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67 ҷ
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Էѹ·ɵ˵ʦ˵ĻҶˣģڣͲҹŮί
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ˣڸڣûôིɡޱ˵žȥ·ͻصԼԺӡ
ԷԺվһᣬתݡ
Ϊ̬ȣڼҼְֵʱ÷ʵе㺦£ְֻ֪ʲô̬ȡ
ְֶ̬Ⱥƽʱһû˷˿Ҳҷõˡ
ǲϺ£°ְֶôãΪ֪Щ¡ְ֪ˣͻúһ
Ҳˣޱ֮ǰһֱޱԷʱĻģʱ˵֣һֶûд
ձְֽסʱһ£Ȼֱ壬ͷҿְֵı顣
ŮСģԷ۾Щɬ΢΢ƫͷְ̧˰üģѹɬŮʣҵ
д֡÷ش꣬סҵֻдһ㡣
ԷŮͷ˵Ҳܹԡ
÷˫ѹڵϣתͷԷ壺ְ־ҹ𣿡
ȻʦղŻˣ˵£ѰͬѧǸúӡŮۿԷ۾ɬŮͷĶᣬرǽ죬¸ҵ˵ʵܰ
÷Ҳ̲ס˽Է廳˵ƭˣ˵˵ҲԺͲȥѧǡʦǺʦҰ˵ȥȥƭˣԺʦͲܵshigG٤ʦˡ
Է屧סŮı˵ǶԵģȷѡ񡣡
˵Ҳ˵ǻӣԡҪңҳԷС޵Է廳̧ͷʵʣְ֣ǶԵǶԵģΪʲô
Էָᣬ϶˵ǶԵģְΪ㽾
л˵


68 
ӹӪʱ, Ѿȫˣ㣬Ҽһŵ, ·ϲᡣ
ֻߵԼҺ棬Ӻ￴ڶʱеƣڲŰ˵࣬˵˲˯ô硣
Ҳû, ƵǰԺŽ, Ͱ, ʣ¥ôŵƣˣ
ԭ, , ԷȻڿм䡣
ſѵһĽЬ, ЬɻȻ㣬ҲƣվһܡЬ, ʣǶ˯ˣƽʱ˦ƹôôڿ죿˵̧ͷԷɫϵЦ⽩ס, , ôˣ
ֱʱԷſڣʲôȥˣʮ
һ£ܿ췴Ӧ, Ȼȷ˿£УӦϱˣԷû֪
ô, ʵϰһܸʲô
ܸɵ¶ˣԷͻȻ, Ͱ, Ű໹ܳʱܵСѧٱ
һһӦǷϣʲôʱޱˣûе£
ʲôʱޱˣûеô֪˵˭Է꣬ҡͷ޺޵ʣ㻹Ҫϣﵽûһʵ
Ƣ㲻ϺãһܵԷıʣܲˣ˵ǣȥٱޱֲǹģ
㲻ǹ⣿ʲô
ǡǡǹģһʱ벻ɣʱͻȻ뵽ԼԷУǵĽͣ˵С÷Ҫ˵ϵޱŪģôΪȥѧУҪ˵ԹԷ壬ÿ棬²ܣ֪﷢ʲô
Ҳ֪ǲ֪С÷ˣǲ֪ʱ͸ǣϵǰβŪģѻ˵һٱ飬ԼǲǣǰŴ͵ŮˣԷ޺޵ʣ㻹С÷ǿ׹Ů֪ѻ˲ִҪ鷳ô֪һĺӣϻѻƪô
ȷԼҪƭˣ˵Է˶ˣûС
㻹˵ûУǲҪȥѷУţŸҳԼЩʲô£
˵겻ȸڣԷԴ˵㲻ϣ㻹ǻƱ磡ǵڣȻԼд
ԷԴҲʹ
ܻţӦ˵ʲôſշͱԷˣһ뻻ӡ
סѿڶʣסúúõģҪӣ
ĿܹҲûʣףϷӾˣҲסİΪʧޣﵽûǺõġ
Ų뻻
ŸȻԷЦˣܿΪʲôҪӣΪ㰡ܶޱٱܣסúúõģΪʲôҪӣ
ϣʲôʱܶˣǡǡ
Է峰ʣôҪ˵۹ŮѾˣΪû˳˵ʵ緹ԣ㻹˵۹Ů
ʲôʱûԣ˭ģ÷ǲǣҾٱޱҲ˵ǲǣôôùĹŮ
㹻ˣԷȵ㵽ڻѣǲҪȥӪ갤ʣǰûиӳԷ㻹˵㵹ùҿҹŮô裬ǵ˰˱ù
⻰˸ĵߣԷ壡
ŭԷ޶ԣصϣ˵Ҹ㣬ڣ֪ͨڸ㲻뻻ӣԣҸѡһҴתҵϼңԼϼҡ
ţҪҸϻϼң
ҲҴתҵһȥԷظԼѡ
ܵԷ̬ȵǿӲƽʼ˼תҵ¡
ǰǰԷ˵Ҫתҵϼң϶Ӧûѹųϱأɲϼҡ
²˳˼ˣ䵽˹ӪϴˣͶҡˡ
˵ְתҵõĻȥصλ߹Ӫ쵼õĻֻܽصλ߹Ӫܵһ֡
ϵλһˣԼϱ칫ҵ£С쵼ûɡ
칫С쵼ͷϴˣɵӶ֪ôѡ
˵תҵɡŲȥסƷӡ
Է治ɫ˵У͸绰ǽʰںǣȸǼԺˣٸݸס
žòԣʲô˼תҵ粻ܽõλ𣿡
ã⵽˵ƢҸתҵõλ𣿡Է巴ʣ㴳ȫ·ţһֱӻؼ
ѿڶʲôʱ򴳻ˣ
ԷЦ㻹˼ʲôʱ򴳻ˣҪһ𣿡
粵֪ڸĵģԷۣ˵Ȼˣ¾ɣȥ
Է¶ģٹ˲磬æҪ
ԷͣסŲҪʲôǲҪתҵ磬㲻Լ磿
ҴӦң
˵꣬Է廹վԭأĮؿ̬˵ӻţ嶯ôҧ˵ԺҲޱˣһʵʵģ㴳
ֻޱӪЩͬ£Ժھӣ˭ǣ´ΣҲ֪ͨ㣬ֱӰͻϼҡ
Էڱ̬˵Ļȴܱ䣺ˣڼӷԣִŰ£Ҳ뿴
͵̧ͷʲôʱ򡭡Űأ
㻹˵ûУС÷ڻӡӣԷüȾŭҸ㣬Ժҵĺӣ׼۸ΪҲڼңͿΪΪһúǼල㣬Ժȥ¼ңҲھ˵ǰҿ㣬֪ڱ͵͵ŰӣǾ飡
տʼе飬Էѻ˵꣬ըˣԷ壡ϱﷸƾʲô˼ң
Ҳ㵱ϱ㵱ﷸţһ㿴ɵЩ£ɱˣ˭̵ˣԷһ˵˵޶ȵģڣshigG٤ҶѾʣ޼㻹ҹԺʵʵģҪ㲻ˣҾһΣ

ޱ󣬲Ŵе֪ԼҪµġ
Ϊý¸ڼңǱ˵ˣޱҺѹǽġ
ûͦء
ݺޱȸ˱衣
㽲ػŶвȡ´ɱȤ˵
ޱ˵㲻»Ҳ㵹ˡ
𰡣ڿ㣬ɱ𲻾䰡ЦĿɨ輸ϵԣʣĻϴҺû
֮ǰȥʱģһֱţǰ˵ֵ֦ͦãҪҪҾͺƤҪ
Ǽϲɩޱ֮ǰ̨ԧ򣬺ԺһĻ͵ġ
п˵õǲ
١
ֻǼ٣ͷûʲôԸռطˣ÷˼ҲˣֳĻֻܿܳԣԶֲ˻㡣
һҲǣޱ˵£֪ԷҪˡ
ޱ治֪Ƭҡͷ˭˵ģ
˵İȥĻ벻֣ӪҲסϷӣ뻻ȥеԥ£ջҼˣ뻻û¶ģһģȥԥ˼죬ȥ룬ͱ֪Ӷˡ
˾Ըųޱʡ
ɲͷ㲻֪Ҽھӣ˵º󶼷òУھӣȰأ˵ҵôھӣƽϵҲòҪǰᵽԺӦ಻㣬Ҽס⡣
ԼΪʲôͻȻңڿ϶ò𰸣ޱ£ʣǰỹǲ᣿
᣿ëʣһ˵ú᲻ңǰҼȥ룬ǾԼȥŲţ
ޱ𣿡
ǵȻÿȥҼԺӣŴҺͦɣҸ˵ǶǱģҸƢദڽǳе¡
ֻǴҶˣ˾ͳˣЪû˻Ҫֵھӳɳˡ
֣ܳ˺ھӸһ㡣Ҫ˵ܻӣҲһԥ᲻öûУŴ򻻷롣
Ϊ˹ǳ֣ð̯ϸھӵķգıǸԸ⵱ˣסȥסӡ
ǵҲǡ

˯ǰޱԼҪᵽסķӵ¡
ڴͷֱ⻰̧ͷʣǼסȥ
ʦܸųҪתҵ𣿷ҪճԽɷ뻻ͷ׼ˡޱ˵ʣ㲻֪𣿡
ܸɻ󣺡Ϊʲô֪£
û
ҡͷûС
ޱûӼз£ֹ˵ҿˣ̫ˣ˵ǰߺ󣬻ھס𣿡
ֱܽŵţûˣֱŵͷϷţŻشޱĻ϶У˵׼
ԼҷϷάòģټ󣬷࣬סϷӵˣܻ⶯ֻ⶯⶯ܲ¶İҾͲһˣ˵ڲһ
ڳڣӾתҵְְǳе£һֱţҲܻס
ס֪ʲôˡޱ˼˵
Ųޱߣס˵Ժ£ôҲûãǼҰˣҪҪúףף
ޱ̧ۿⲻ̫ðɡ
ʲôõģھ֣ǹ˼ôʲôοָסޱǣ˵̵еˡ
ޱˡ
л˵



69 
ףĲֹޱ, СӣҪ¼ңףһ
ףķʽ, ޱֻͥڲһ֣͵֣жˣǰǵŵ㣬ô˵Ҳ衣ûô˼, ϯ, Ŷ, ϵ׽ѳԶٷ
Ҹϲ, ˵ȻҶô, ҪǴһֺֺǣ
ôֺǣʡ
ôֺ, һԶٷ£Ǹ԰ѼϣԽ˵Խ, ʶü£Էɷ, ͼ֮仹ʶء
һ뻹, ܺܽΪһӪģʶ϶ΪһԺס˺ü, ҲϤҵţȲһ, Ҳھ, ˭Ϥ, ż·ҲǵͷĹϵѲ
ˣӾ͸˵ˣͲͬиȦӣƽʱ治һȥ
Ȼ֮䲻ϤҲûʲôӰ֮ⲻɾһۣ
Ҷûֻǡޱʣʲôʱԣ
ʱ£ϢʵƺҽԺҩݣ̶Ϣ
Ƶͷҡͷ˵ѮҪƣͰϢѮˡ
ϢλҪɣѡÿһ죬ҲżһϢͨһһ죬µʱæ쵼ϢŵѮÿ˫ݡ
Ʊ˵ȷʱ䣬ҿԸͬݡ
Խ㵽ʱҪûʱɡʡ
ޱ˵ҼȻҪǲǻÿ˵ʱ䣿
鷳˵ҪͶµףȥǼҳԵˣǰѼϣҪʱϵϵĻ
˵Ҽû⣬һ˻᲻̫ˣ
˻ðɣұҲֻǣټŵսѣټԺھӡܹۻԱϢȫǲģϢʱղһȥȻû취Ծƣֻǹʱõλָǡ
˵⣺Ҫֿ԰ɣǱƻƣǵҼҾ۵ĻǾԣսѺھӡ
취Уһξƣæù𣿡ʡ
ޱ˵ҿ԰ű
Ҳ׼ˡ˵
ҲʾԼܰæ˵Ȼÿ׼˺ˣٸһʰҲʡ鷳
֮ǰޱ˵͵£ޱ˵ҪˣˣûҿֻʣǸԼʱûɣ
ƺ˵û⣬һȦֻޱ֪ûпգʹµ׳ϢͲȷˡ
ܸϴԡޱֱˣµջݣ
ߵǰshigG٤ˮ˿ʣôˣ
ޱңҲˣЦŲ廰˵µ׾۲֣ͣͬ־ȥȥ
ܺԥȥ

תҵĲܸųһʮ뵺Ϣž˰Ű˼ҡ
ʵǰɵģΪסڵķʱﴲ¹ȴҾ߶ǺõģǾûá
ܸųϼԶ·;㣬ܴޡټŹϵãͰѼҾ߶ǡ
µĿɶǺüҾߣŴǰŴģõϺõĺľмд˯űͨľ崲ˡ
Ļ˵ǣҿڴһ졣
ޱʣô´ˣ
Ҳ´հңʲôҪʰ˵
Ƕˣ
ͰˣǶͲ࣬ԼҾ߻ǰµģҲǣҹŮĴǺõģ¥¾һʣһԼļҾߣʣµľ·죬ưЩС˾Ͱˡ
˵ųԼҷŬŬ죺ҲҪ˰ɣ
ޱҡͷǰͿʼʰˣ֪ᡣ
˵Ͱˡ˵£һ㶼ĩԼпУҲ˰æ
ޱ˵ܰɡ
黹˵׼ˣĵʱ򣬸ھ˶ԷӹӪֳԺһһ˵ᶫ
ѧֵѵڼңû˰æϴֳ̤ѾͷͼֳԱ߿һᣬϳ׼䳵
Ӽŵſǽͷţģȥմ֡
ֻѧϵ̫ãΪĸϵ̫ͣʵϣֱϸ£֮Ҳǲ̫Ϥھӡ
ֱϸѮһգѧһ˱Ťһ˻ؼҵʱ򿴵Сʯͷɳ̲ϸǷӣҲ˹ȥ
ȻΪױӣ̫Щһ棬ѧһˣˣ쵼λ׵ġǣʹ󷽵ѧˡ
Сˣ̫¼ӵ˭Сʯͷϴͷѧ͸һ
տʼûͦãԿɳӲֺ˵ķԽԽײһ𣬲˭ãͳˡ
ÿޱʱڼңĳʱȥֹ˲û
ޱѼȰúָǻߣ֮˸ǸķӣǲˣϵҲ׽ˡ
ȦͲغϣǰûôһֽҲû˷֣²ûʲôˮ֪˲ࡣ
ֻǱ˲֪ǼǵúģȻֳܲȴǿûŲӡ
ֳվŵѧ۰Ͱ͵ؿԼָ𴽽ͷҫ˵Ҽҵֳ
ҫĻ£ԷͰŶˣֵһͷûֳ߶٣ԲȥﳵһѶŪ߰㣬ԼϳһŰܺӽ³һ١
ճԼҫѧѵùѪͷЦѧתͷ˸׶ı顣
ãͱϰַСѧʲô
ѧһָǽͷſŵЦң
ȻسЦѧеְֵģ£ûע⵽Ƕȣ°ֱӿĵΧǽשϣصײһ£ҧͷ
һƺߣæס͡
Է忴û˵ô࣬ƽʲôָӷ񣬲еûãɻȥɣ
ѧֵ˻ͷԵȥԭſǽͷҲûö٣ʹǽͷʹ
ޱͿϥǣԴСȼڰϣʣڸʲô
ԣ̧ͷ˵ʹ
ʹ
ûشֻһһģáʹ
ޱߵߣֱ壬ȥĶӣ߰ʣʹ𣿡
ҡͷ
ޱطأʹʹ
ҡͷ
طʣطأ
Ȼҡͷ
ޱӰ飬̲סˣ㵽ʹ
ڻɿͣͷ˵Ͷ
ޱã
Сһģеʣſͷҿôˡ
Ŷſͣͷ
еƤأûѪҲûס԰ޱʣͷҲûף˵ôͷˣ
գգ۾ͷɭôĴඵ
Ǵͷ
ͷʣ𣿡
ޱֲԾǲǹģ
ҡͷ˵ûͰ۵ѽĲ˰
ޱ۾ʲô
ۣ֡
صʻ㷢ͦ׼ޱţ𴽽˵ŶңΪͷˣԽ죬㶼ֻܺȰ࣬ĺϺ㶼ԳŶ

л˵


70 ͬ
ޱ, ܸ֡
ֵֻܣΪܳϺóԵģץ, ǿʼæ͸˽Ը˵Ҫæ
ֻͷų̂ߣҪ˱ţջҪ˿ţв˾͸˵, ޱĴ, ҲССõ
һʱ֮, ޱ벻ʲô
ڴ, ޱе᲻ô, ԸΪ, ˰ŸܣŹ
ҿմޱϵҳͷ, ݸȥ
иɻĻԣõͷ󻹸˸̫׼ľ˵֤񡣡
, в, Ȼһְ֣ô
ܵͷͿһͷ, һͷĹùͷ, ڵ, ָָ, ͷ˵ˡ
һͷֳ롣
ŶŶͷ
ȥɡְͷݸ
ӹͷߵװǰһ꣬־׼һ¡¡£ûְֺֻ֣
ٶȷĻתޱؿŶӣҸɻģһģ
ָ̫ˣ޹˵
ޱעָ׳һ̶ȣͻǼˣóϸ
ռָףָ׻ûָߣЩûޡ
Σֻֽӹ⣬Ҳûֱһȥõò󣬵һֻǽͷɢȻŽһſľshigG٤ѣмСҲûŹöӰŰ
Աܡžžž¾ͽѣعƣְֺ
бۿһ۶ӣ
ְѾͰˣǺͷ絷⣬ԾԾʣְҿ𣿡
ԡ˵꣬㽫˻
ܲûӣ·ϣ;˸ϳʱֱźӿ񱼡
ϵͺٱˣǻ红ӵĸףԺױٸ߸¡Ҳְ󱧱ҲǸ衣
˱е񣬻Դɵʣְôұˣ
˵̫ˣ㹻Ű塣
ӣҲŲСߵģ
ǰȥ˵ʱ㹻ŰҿɾͲˡ
ȻܲϣԼվڵϣĻṻŰ壬æҡͷ˵Ҫֻ˵
˵ޱģ治źᣬֻ
˵סǰͣ˵Ϊƽţ˵̫Ҫƽ֪𣿡
֪֪Ħȭƣ˵ҪʼĴ
˵ȻŰʣµİͷȥ
ž
ɢҲ໽лҪҪۼֿ죬ʱסܻܿὫ˵˦ѣͺΣˡ
ȻûΣյģֻ˫໽С
ޱսõĲװ̣̽ӷתô¡ʹܵһû£ֻǱ˵ȥ¡
͵̧ͷܣְûҶôʹˣ㾹Ȼ˵û£
üѣ˵ҪԵġ
ֻÿ衣
ޱ˼˼ֿ˻ᣬе죬ûʲô⣬ʣ⻹𣿡
ǿɣͦ棬˵ҪģԼֺôʹȫȥҡͷ˲ˣ
ǻ𣿡ޱʡ
ԥ̽ʣ裬Ұ⣬ϿԳϺϺ𣿡
ޱ翴ӵ㣬ȴװڲ׹ϳʣΪ˳ԵģŽæģ
С˼𴩣˼ص˵ͷǿ˵ͷ˵ģͷޱ
ޱ˺һᣬֱŲס죬Ź˵ǿԣǷͷʹô죿
ʲôǷڳͷʹ¸ҡͷҲʹ
𣿡ޱָؿ֡
Խת÷ɿ죬װش˴˵ʹʲôС˼
Ϊ˳ԵôŬޱˣЦ˵аɣʱڡ
ڰʧ
ޱ۾٣
ҡͷٲ٣ھڡ
̸׺ĺõ꣬׵ǰ
ʱҲСʯͷˣݺϰ¥¥¶ûˣźš硱˳ʣ㿴
û꣬Ϳ˶Աߵչȥڸʲô
һأΪϵķ׼
ʲô׼ɻ
˫֣꣺㻹𣿡
ӺٽԺܶණֻ֪װ̺ӣ꣬治ʶʣʲô
㶼֪ɴ۾ǴͷʵҲְ˵𣬲֪ʲôⲢӰװơ
ͷǸģʡ
⡭ûʹ̧ͷʣְ֣ͷǸõģ
ܻش˵ͷأҪϺ
ȻȻߵܵܣϺġ
𣺡Ŷ˲Ҫظлл
һʣ㲻һ𣿡
𣺡
һϵ˵ģְ軹æ˺þúþã㲻æ𣿡
ʵԼú࣬ףΪʲôͷôСһһֻ־ܰסҪȴô࣬ңֶֻץסˣ
Ȼ֪иͬϲͬⲻӰܵˮ
𣬻˸ĵְ͸綼ôæҲ˼ٳȥˡǣֶ˸Űĺӡ

ΪӣӦ˵İæһʱɹرƽʱʮӡ
³ˣԳĲҪʱ䶼ޱÿ˵ʱ򣬶ýҪʲôˣ֪ԼҪǰÿʼ
Ϊܲʱ򣬻ʮҵңޱϰʮҿҲһΪܵİæɿʼʱŲһᡣ
Ȼʱ䲢ȫ׼ȷǰӣƺӶпܣż⣬ʱƺһ㶼пܡ
Ǹ⡣
Ϊ˵⣬ޱò˺˺üӣټϳغϺҪʱ䣬ˡ
Ȼƽʱޱܲӵһΰæмġ
ֻϧڲʮֵֻüʱǼţȦһҲҫһ
˵ֻ˺ܶƬûĹš
ޱڣմһֻùһǻᣬڶǽ飬ǳӺ󣬸һźȥݣΪܲڣҲ̸ȫҸ
ǲܵģҲǶԵأԱʾԼ
ֵҲ˲أȻϺϣը㣬𣬹Ҳͦóԡ
ޱÿ/ȱ/ȺʵʱӰѺʳԵ󣬶ѱ߽߱ǽǵضԵ
ְأԵõȻ㣬ǲԼкޱٳԡسԵòˣϺʣһ롣
ʱԽĺԶԶֹڣʣµϺ촽뵽˵Ļֲ̧̫֣ͷͰ͵ޱ
ޱúЦָӸЮֻϺ԰ɡ
һϲҿԳ𣿡
ķϣԣֻҪ㲻ͷʹͷȻǲʹģֻҧ˵ƤڳԲ˷ޱǻ۵Ż
ȻסΪ˳ԵȥˣһҧϺ
𻹲֪緢£ɻʣ裿ϺΪʲôͷʹ
̾۾ޱԼҧͷĶ¸˵ܵܣ̫Ӱˣ
ע⵽ı飬ޱЦ˵粻Żû£ϺͲͷʹ
ȻŤͷˣ
ͷš
㻹Ϻʣ㲻ʹ𣿡
̷Ϻͺؿ˵Ӻ¿಻ʹ
ԣ˲Ǿ塣
ޱܣshigG٤
Ȼװ裬Ҳòпһ䣬ǶӣƤ

Űҡ
˵ôȻǰڿãǰʱҾߺõٻĶࡣûֱʵ¼ҾߣԵĴ͹ģȫ޲á
ȥ䣬½½˲ٶҵԷҲ̧¹ʣµĶֳߵģټϸǰüʰµ᲻꣬ڶҲòˣôҲ졣
Դ˵㻹¼£סȻ㣬طխ֮ǰסǷӾݣǼӣ˯⣬סˣȥܸ˲Ź֡
ޱʣһһ˵ٰܻ
ҿǣ֮ǰھ˵Ըųǰڼҷ˶ٻ𣬸ŰԿ׽˵ľ۲ͣޱǵҪȫʢװϯ
ޱʣǲͳԶٷôʢװϯ
𾪣Ǽͥһξ۲ͣѵ㻹봩ݵ
ǵҲûУֻǡݵ˼ޱǾеʢװָ
Ǵ棬ɾÿ·Ħȭ˵ҿΪǰļͥ׼˽ģ
ޱаɡ
л˵



71 
ھ۲Դ, Ǵϼɫˣֻޱղ鲻ûϼʲôɫ, УʳҲܴݵ
ޱ˼ȥҲͼľĢϵóİֻһ˹, ǿϼմϵʣµû, ų̼ҳ, ֻҪײ˾С
Ȼļɱëȥ, гĹԱÿҪɱôֻ, ÿֻúܸɾ, 󻹵Լˮһ飬ѼƤϸСëθɾ
ټϼҪʱޱӲгͿʼæˡ
ĸ, пˮٸϴɾľĢһɰ, ޱͶɰˡȻǸԱ, ҲûԼֱӶ˹ȥĳ̶ȣֻҪ׼õʳģȥͺá
¼Ժӱ֮ǰС, ֻסԷӷЩͶ, 䡣
֮ǰס, ܸųҺӶ, סڿ˼ӳľӡ
ǼҿǲһģľͷɳΧǽڷţɳǰǲ輸Աи񡣶ǷűߴŵĵطٷŲĶӼĹӱŵ˽
ͷȻխֱƸУͷûһ㣬ľɩܻãԼҸǵķӣܻܺǿġ
ӳģǼҾرãǼġ
Сʱסûɣ趼ǹӪְʮǻֵݣǰͨ͸֣һݶжʮƽСˡ
轫Ӹļ䣬ӣ޸סŮ޸Ůסһ㣬ԷֵȻС㣬Ҳպϡȵסżңסþ͸ˡ
̹Ӳûг̫ã糤סҲ͹ԡ
ʱֻǱСȵ飬һѾμӹĹŮһǻڶĶӣ跸ѣ״Ծʰס˵λְᡣ
һסֱ꣬Ž顣
סҲûƶ٣żסҲɣǰһֱӼһķ
˸ǻᣬסҶܴˣټг䣬ûôǾѡݡ
ģʱƣźսԭͦңЩִˡ
ˣʱϲܸųתҵ磬һӻľӡ
ڿӣĶ˳ۣͷľִ£һ쵽ϰ࣬Ҳ·ղõõ
۲ͼͣ˶ʱҲԺӿãطǲ󣬵ǰڵµġ
ޱʱھԺ˱죬۽ɨˣ¶Цʣôô
Ҫޱ˾ϵɰֳھӺڽ㡣
ڽڲгϰ࣬ޱʶҲЦк
ޱӹɰȥʣﻹҪӶ𣿡
ҶŽȥˣˮС
ˮˮ
ˮ
Ӧֱú¯ŵˮɰŵú¯ϣϹǣš
ޱĿ򱻴·ŵԲŤͷʣǲܸųǵú

ͷͨ˼ҪôҪôú¯úټڻؼҲ
ܸųΪϴ󹦷ֻúŲʵټúƿִأŻȫԾҪϼҺ󣬲ܸųͰúۼޡ
Ҹ˵ú˿ɷˣҪõʱֱšú򿪿أûˡ˵ţޱʾһ¡
ֻ˵ü򵥣һ˲䣬ޱŵһ
Цƽʱŵͦôʱôסţ
ޱûٲ˼˵ͷһ
ʵͷһõʱҲ£ľͺˣ㿴šСǴ𣬴𳴲˿ɱú¯ˣͨˣӾͲˡ
ޱȻûúͨԭţúһ˽⣬֪ȷú¯㡣
԰ˡʮ˵ҼһõĶúֱȫȻռŽ˳Уũ塣
ʣ벻һ̨
ȥ򣿡
ﲻйӦƱ̫Ū
ǾˣҼú¯пŰɡúʱǲҪˣŪƱĶ

ϺޱͻԼˣܰæţûҪһֱǡ
ʱѾ׼ʳģط˾װףӦ÷ʢװҪ
ϵĲǺļİɫɲ˴ﶬĲɫ
ʮµ׵ݵ˸ܵڱ仯Ĳ½£Ǻٺʿ½ϵ＾װ
ļװһ＾װҲǽװϵġ
ˮװ仯ϴǰľװ½վʽֻͬɫϵװľװĳʽͷV磬ñҲĳˮñ
ˮɲʽ䶯Сļֻұ˲࣬װұ˴ס仯ñӣӽñ˴ññҲǰɫġﶬװǲɫñҲһñǽǺڵģм׺Űɫߡ
Ƚޱû촩İɫװÿshigG٤
ȻɫԺڣڵûϵοɫͦΣر
ټܴ˼µİ·ޱϰˣ＾װĵһϣʱһΪ¹ǰվŻ·Ǹİˡ
תͷޱ˿Ȼôôò˳ۣܸоֵֹġҪ˵һֲ֪˵
֮ǹ֡
ϻãʱݣܾûʲôо
ϻصңԷʱϱԼһʱҡͷһʱźٵеⲻסڶϾֻļװ
ޱ۵ûһҲ˳ˣֻǳųͻȻðһ䣺Ҫ㻹Ǵ·ľװɣ
ܲʣȷ
ޱͷҪģഩ˵Ҿϰˡ
ܣΪѵ
ȻޱЩΪѣ˵Ļûë죬ϰ˴ɫܡ
ãɫȻûɫÿҲûô
ټܸͷߣҲãխ䳤ƫϳɵɫҲֻԵó죬
οòúܲüëб۾񵤷˫ƤʱЩߣշ壬촽񲻱ܿԴΡ
Ƥףܻк˵͸У紵ɹƤûڵĳ̶ȣҲûʲôϵ
ǴҿĵһӦֻӢ˧ʻ㣬ͲʱеĹ
ⷽǱޱռˣԼʮ۹⿴ޱҲƯ۹̫ˣҲԲԼ˭úÿ˻ᵽˣҲѻͬƱ
ܣģǹϵġ
ΪޱǻᣬҲڱ˵죬񣬲ЩޱҲҶ
ǰװͦˣޱ룬Ǳ˵ʲôá
ǰˡ
ġ
л˵
һ


72 ˲
ޱǰ, ·ҪõĲϣҪԴһǰͷÿ귢ĲƱ, ȥ﹩磬ùҵȯĹҵ
ҪĺܶùҵȯĶʼĵޱҲڵЩģʼĵƷ, ޱŻԼÿ쵽Ĺҵȯ
Ȼÿ¶һʼķ, , ޱǼŹҵȯ, 治á
Ҫʼķ, ޱ͸ɴҪĶ, ԼĹҵȯţӦʱٶ
˵ǰޱϺЩҵȯ, Щҵȯʯǵģݵò, ˰зվͲ˵, ʹǺòİ
˼ȥޱͳְǰӵλ˼鹤ҵ, һǾòϾţǳʱϿ϶õϡ
ʵ֤, ޱһǺԤԵġ
ϵΪ˽ŵƱ, ÿ·Ĺҵȯ, ͷˣͷҵȯȱ
ڲƱ룬Ƕģޱ쵽ˡܵвӷĲƱǲƱҪµģܶ
ûЩϣޱڿܻΪ
ڣͽӵ·ˡ
ޱǾѮָ·ģٶȣֹĻ·㣬ҲҪһʱ䣬ټףƵæʮһ·ݡ
ޱʶ˻ưƣưƼзһԸޱ·ٶȴߣʮо·
ֻ֮ǰһֱûӴĻװֱҪʢװϯޱŽ·ҳֵϡ
·ǰƻͼģûʲôر𣬾ͨԲ쳤ͷĲõĵطڿڴǺ״ġ
ϵ·ڴз״ִзǯмȥзǿڴͨ·ϵĿڴֻСϺβ̿ǯצ
ϻ·ʱӿڴϵзϺϲòУִֻڴûó
ΪˣȥСʯͷһһȦҫԼ·
ϵĴзСʯͷ۾һӾֱˣĽʣ·𣿡
԰ҵзֻܵܵϺĿڴûҴ󡣡û·ϵз䡣
ȻСʯͷϲ·ϵз룬ֻϺԣȻ·ʲôûС
ǵƴӳͿӴͷɥģԭ򣬱Ц˵зϺڴ·϶ûеģ˱ǿڴģҪ𣿡
СʯͷԹȱ֪ҲǺʣæͷҪҪҪ
ޱȥܼʱСʯͷͻ˱ǿڴ·
˺ܾ棬ʣҲ·
Сʯͷ˵˵԰ġ
кܹܵСʯͷվţȻͦӣֳڴϵͼ˵վһ𣬾ǺֵܣǴз
СʯͷϣСǣ
̫ȷ˵ǶϺ
ޱСϺ

ʿڴĲӣҵĺӿϲòˣΧ˵·ʱ׷ܵԼǰ˵Ҫһڴ·
λͷ۲ѣ֮ǰñӣ۾;͹æˣҪĿǰôĿڴ
̲סʣǲǹǳˣ
ЦָޱʽȻģ·Һȴġ
ޱָЦ˵Ҫȫʢװϯģ˵Ҫ
ҿԼ
ǿɲ
Ӷˣô죬ӲͷƤ¡ǣƵСüٶȿΡ
ΪͰͶƱǰˣȥ˵Ƕн˵ͶƱ
ܼ򵥣̨ͥͶƱĸͥƱ࣬ǵһԴơ
˵ʵ˶̫μϱûӦǾֻӲͷƤˡ
ͶƱ򵥣Ҳеúܿ죬ڽҲԶ׼
Ϊӵ·õ˺ǵһϲҴ˱ɣбĵһڵһңǼҳΣ·Ȼûô˼ĳ£ʽ
ң粻˵ˡ
Ȼǲ̫ʽıǾ׼˱ʼǱд״ΪƷ
ʼǱ˵дšƯһˡһĽ״ڳĳ˵Ľֺ񽱼ͥ׷飬ʡ콱ڡ
ֲ´һŶôҪĻڣôʡ糣С
ҲֺǺǵ˵԰ЩƷϱ׼ġ
ֹѡͥͬ⣬Ҳͬ⣬ԵΪңеһý
Сʯͷһ˫ŮҲȡ佱ڣҲòһνء
һshigG٤ĽؿýĺӣҲý
գںǺѡͥǿҪ£佱ڼ
ޱܱһƯһˡһĽ״һƯһˡһıʼǱΧ˵ĹףʱԺʣһͷ
ûֻ
л˵



73 
Ϊ˶, ԣ߽Բķ, Ҳݡ
ÿˣԲ߻ãټӼ̲˶ŵ£һ, Ӿֻŷˡ, гԵľ, ûһ㡣
ǰ, кҾһ, һΪǨ¾, ṩظҾ۲ͣλ׼ıƷ
˺Ц׷ơ
Ȼ콱ʱҶ̲סֺٵ, ˺ͺ֮Ĺϵȷ١
ⲻ, һ־ƽ, ܡܽˣʹŵʱź϶֮ٿ佱ǰĿ
ǺȾ, ŮרעƷԷĲˡ
ڳʳ⣬˻ÿ춼Ҫ³ն㲻ϲ, Ҫ˵, ǻ
ֻ, ӼŶĲɫƺͳ°еⲻס˶ζرŶ·
ʣµĲУܻӭǵ硣
ޱ⣬ڵƵָԼζлᣬ볢ġ
Щɣ´ҽܲˣڳ²ɫȻе£ʾԳԱĲˣô
ζȷޱĺóԵ㣬ȻޱҲǰ˵Ĳģʵ˵϶ٵʱԼҲ˵׼ƾоֻ˵ǲͳˡ
Բ߳ûô⣬˶ûٶ¿ӡڷǱߣΪоƣûϣֻ׼һϺҲ̡ܿ
ޱҲź϶⣬ÿ˶ϡ
ź϶ȵ٣Ϊǲȼһ־ƽ˾ͱȦȫǾƣȲôˮˡ
Ȧ˾ûǺˣ϶Ʒã˰ƴƣһԷû꣬˾ſˣһ̧ԣһȥӷš
ſºҲûͣԵ󣬸ˡ
ԱûʰŮһ죬վһ̣Ȼ̵ֻκܽû顣
û˷̸ܣʵһ̺У͵ǰֻܰ˵ҽˣǳɡ
ûջ֣ȰһҲʲô
֪ܽΪʲộЦ˵ҿ仨ʱȰڣϱһ䡣
ԺӾôܽûţŮȻˣ׷״Ȥؿޱ
ˣޱôʲôֻ̧ͷЦ˵ǼҿǺģɱͷĨҡ
ܽҲЦڳܲܣ
ޱЦؿܣ鲻ɣҹʲô
ܽپϡ棬ø첲ײܣϱ˵ʲôҲˣ鲻飿
ø첲ײȥٶȳΰ˵ˡ̺ϻȥϱᶨѡߡ
ȰȰܼҪ̣εȻܱ飬ոܽ
ͣ˴ȤŮǵĺȴֹס⻻ޱߣѹʵ˵ͬ־̣ǲҪģ
ޱܶ𣺡ʲô
ֽֽ̰ǼҲǹúܣܳһ̣ҲˣҪţζܴһֱƮ⡣ָվĵط˵Ϊ̣ʲô취ùˣôţ
ò£ޱ˵ûɣ
ǰҲ̣Ͷȥ飬Ǯ̣ұ˲̳飬˵ֲӣʡ
˳ϣ˸ͬУ׷˵ǼǸҲ
˵Ժ󣬼˷׷׿ޱ
ޱҾý£ҪԾ
ȻÿӾӪָûζҪޱΪǽ̡
һ̸֮ǰܾѾôˣޱạ̃ܲȫΥϾζҲͼʮӣһСʱޱ취ǡ
ڳĶǳڸˣȻһ㣬Ǻǣô¶Ľ̵ģϾҲ˺Щ̡
ޱʵ˵ס죬ʰĶʱ˼Ʊһ䣬پǰ£ҲȥҽԺ˸һȥģص·β
Ȼͽˣŵʡ
ޱͷϵͿʼˣײҲ¡
ǻͬ־ԾҼλ˵һ䣬ʮ䶼ûá˵ĥƬ̣ʣβ𣿡
ĻҽĻܹáĲ۷Χڡ
Ƭ˵ҸҲȥ顣
˴ͷҲܿ¶ģҸҲҼ˵˵
֮󣬵ƺҲܿΪԼ׼ײͣǲ̸֪ܲܰˡ
ޱ˵˵Σһ̸󣬾ԼϽ̣Ϊ˺ӿǣڼñǳ顣
̫һ̶ʲô˼
ޱ˵Լ̣һ̣ǳζǶ̣˵˿°
ࣿʡ
ޱҡͷҾͲ̫ˣҾãɡ
ԣӼᶨ˴ԼȥҽԺģǺ£ģҲ˳һֹ̺Ǽڶ
Ϊ˷ֹ̣ƺָ񡪡ӥ׽С
ȻܽζǻӵˣϱҪټϺǵĻ󣬷׷ڴؿˣһʹӦˡ
ڳĺӹʮŮʮһ꣬ȻĴŮ꣬Ϊǰǵӥĸ
ֻǸͷȻǺߵģĶƫݣҲĸʱôຢӳܲ죬סСӥץǰ˵ʱ򻹺ãܲˣϷе̡
κܽȻ˾ƣûôԺﴵôãˡϾǳˣǵģ˦Ӽ֡
ӥĸϷ˲̼࣬ǵļ쳹
ź˷ܵЦŮǵĻʹӽ̣תƵ˺ϡţͻȻʵƣСʯͷôˣ㲻ٸã
Ȼ󣬵ƻǷܽshigG٤ۣ˵ôͻȻ
Цʲôúߵģͷ˭ҲǺܡ
ԴȤ˵⻰˵ɲ̫ʣҲţܣôӰɣ
ø첲ײЦʣѵ㻹һ
æ֣ɲˣǵܼŬرСˣȡճɸ֡
ǳܽûע⵽ǵĶԻҲûô˼ˣʵ㡣
ԣЦִȤޱСأ
ޱֺţһʱûӦʲô
ʲôʱðЦ˵
⻰ֻãղңֵ˰ɡ
û뵽ԼҲˮޱ
ˣƶ󷽷شˣޱҲʵӦòС
ʣҪӣе˰ɡֵ겻꣬ޱ껳ϣ̥֮ҲͲ꣬ٻҪˡ
ʵޱҪӣȹ·ٿЩ¡
þڿЩ£Ҳûʲôãԭֻӣɴ˿ɼС˵ǰûӵġ
ʱ˼뻹ǶӶรޱǰ軹ȰӣкŮС
ޱû÷УȻ֮ǰûд㣬滳ˣҲԸġˣޱС˵Լϵ󣬸֮ӦûС
ʵУޱΪεС˵飬ʱ̫ҪӡϵҲܿϲ̸ûС˵£ֻ˵ٴҪӡ
ˣϵĵһΣ֮ޱһֱбС
зʽΪܲԸףҽԺûȫÿ·׺ޣһƣޱƤ˼Ҫֻˡ
ȻзʽȫޱС˵ûûϣⱲˣӦøỳϡ
漰ԭž£ޱȻ˵Ϊڣ̫Сˣ˺ӹ˲ʹɣ˵ԺǻܰŴܵá
һҲǣ˵һ̥ٻ˵˫̥
ޱһĹȥܲҵã
̸˫̥˵Ķһ̥һελԶǻһӿɱȡΪӪ˫̥ȵ̥СҲ
ǲģԤƵǰ˲һܣټʱССһֻޱ꺢Ӻ˼جΣº
ӸʣʱȻСֻ嶼˼º󣬾Ϳͬ亢СˡһӸͷڵԽԽ죬ǱȲ͵СʯͷҪס
ȻˣֵµӣޱɲһΡܻٻϣϣǵ̥ŮãǶӣҲˡ
ˣ⻰ȻǺģޱĲܡ
л˵
һ


74 ʦ
۲ͽ, ˾Ϳʼ۵ƼѧŸﺢкʿڴ·
æµʱ򣬼¾ɩ
ޱΪǻס, Ͼڲ󣬻ϷάõģҲȽס
˵Էʹ˽룬Ҳʮ³ġԼҰʱǷӶɵò, û˼
ޱҸڼš
Ҳ, Ȼס, ֪ʲôƢ
ޱ, ʮһ·ݺ, æµ, ҲæµȥѧУʱܻᱻҪ¸Сʯͷ̸Ϊɾܾ
һãĴޱ, СƨÿʲôҪ˵ֲûһʱ, ÿСʱ, ѵҪ
Сʯͷ棡
ʵޱҲǲԸȥСʯͷ棬ǲҴ, ûô˵ˡ
ϣٶҪΪɣϸȥѧУʱ, ޱ͸ѡ, һǽ, 鿼ǷǸȥѧУ
ޱ˵꣬㿴ҿ㣬û˵
ޱ״ЦˣȻǲ˵ǸȥѧУɡ
𣡡̺
ޱֱ˵Ͻ˵ʮˣһȥΣûôʱ䵢顣
ҡǡԥԥ
ţǣȻأ
ڣȥСʯͷϿεġ
ޱסȥСʯͷʲôΣ˭̣
̧裬оûˣ˵̰ʦܵʦСʯͷСʯͷʦ
ޱԼûˮЦ磬һģҲûǣֻЦʣУǶʦѧ˭
ð̰
ãޱԾʣǽʲô
̰ðְðѾѧĸĸŶظһ˵ҽ̵ģ
̣ޱԾˣ治СʵУѧ˺ǰ棬˲٣ƽ࣬ǰû̫
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ӪƷܷḻڲɫԭȻݵȣԴḻ
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˾͸˵ˣϾܳٵĺʾʮ֣ټѼ⣬һܲȫû⡣
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Ҫˣû취ޱش˵
СƸޱû飬ŽеݸҪӡ

ŷлصޱȥܼҽˣܼʱ°ûû÷ûһԣֻǳԺӡ
صҽзŵϣޱȥ룬׷ʢָӣ¿ԡ
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Ϊʵˣû֪Ķޱ˵ˡ
ʵ֪Ҳ࣬Ҳ³ˣƤȥѧУޱи°ã֪°ڸСʯͷֵġ
Сʯͷû࣬Ҳˣֻ֪ó°ԼвʶԽѧȺ
ǵĽѧ̣˵Уʦôģ̲ǶԵġ
СʯͷȻ֪ޱǶԵģѧޱΣܾò˼ѧѲó°Լġ
һ˵㲻һᰡ
ûȻԼеҲû̹ΣԼˣſھ͸˵Լᣬؽӹ˽ѧ
ڽĻ˵ǣҿˣǶ˵ҽ̵úã
Ա̨߲ϴ
⻰̫ˣ粵˵ʲôʱϴˣҾʹˣһضѣֻеһβŴô࣬Ҷôˣ
ޱǺΪǵʦֻ߰˻أһÿδô࣬ʣһÿν˼ĸĸ
˵ʮ߰˸ǲ̫ˡ
ޱ˵ʮ߰˸еɡ
̨һ ܹ˰˸ĸΣҸѲģøҺСʯͷ̵ġ
ɫڨڨܿͦ˵ҽ̵ģðѧ죬ϲҽΣ
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Ȼû˵ޱܲµ뷨ﰵЦͬʱҲÿӼ̳°֣һԼѧϰģ°Ҳ档
ף᲻˴㣬ޱ̫ģȻСʯͷñ׶٣꼶ĿζܸϣԱ߿ţӵܡ
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ϡ°˵ŷӦæĿ˵ҵʱҲ档
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ʮʱҲøľɿα͵͵ֺ󣬵õֻгЦ˵һäʶ͸͵顣֪ºҲ˵ֲԼݡ
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ͶܽǰѾȫˣÿޱϿΣ㵽棬Ҳȥ롣
ֱޱ׼СѧԿΣˣԼҲûô
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˵֮ǰ°еںƽ, Ҳ̧ͷˡ̧ͷ˵ϵ΢ЦĿе
һ˲䣬°֪ޱ˵ǶԵġ
˳, ˼Աڹȥ
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ڵĿγ̶̫ˣϿʱ׷ſԼ
ټΪ˸һ, ѾûȥѧУϿ, δܳڲȥΪ˲ķϹ, ޱ֮ǰĶͯ˳Ķ
úͺǵѧϰ֮ʣСѧҲӭпԡ
ʱ䰲ʮһѮһ壬ΪСѧξţԽԿɣ翼ģ翼ѧѧż١
Ȼ˫ݵֻѧʦÿƵصѧУԾ
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Ҳ˵ޱҪĵ꼶ԾΪÿ꼶ĿֻһʦҪĵԾһٶݣ
ޱĵѧԾ˵ԴֱӹˣһԾӾܸ겢÷Ҫĵġ
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Ϊץʱ䣬ޱûһźȥӪԵġ
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ܰοͷͿޱ۾˯ˣ̧ͷһӣʮ㡣εЦЦͷϱǡ
صƣ˯

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һֱĵʮ֣ޱһԾ
Ÿ첲̧ͷֽѾûˣ㳤һ˸ٽԾһ飬ȷû٣ŽԾþŽ칫룬һѧУٽȥֻԾںְ༶ΣͲĹˡ
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ڴ˵ҲֻмˣƲǴŹǽıصɫǱҲ˺öˣ϶
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ҲǵһӪԷ֪Ʒû˲ǹԱܽ⣬ֻæȥ̨ˡ
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76 ȥ
һѧУ, ޱͺʦʼǼǷǼҪѧ, Լƽ֡
࣬߷÷˾ʮֿ֣ڹʫĬдֿĶ, һֿڿͼġ
ʵ꼶ͼĲ, ҪҲ, ܰͼдͲ, ʦϰ۵֡
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, Ҫ֪ȥĩԣһ꼶Ͼʮֵָ, ʮ϶߷֣ʮʮֵѧռࡣ
СѧľҲѹСѧ, Сѧ, ʮֵĶ, ѧڼ¡
࣬βһϾʮֵģʮʮڵѧҲ࣬ʮ֣Ҳʮˡ
ޱ࣬ҲУһùҾ㲻񣬷ʮҲû֡
һƽ֣ޱ࣬òһһ࣬ƽҲʮ֡
ƽⶫûʦģһѧУûصͨ࣬·иߵͣҲͼ֣ͬ꼶ʦһָ߷ֵ͸ʦҲûʲôϵ鲻˽ѧˮƽ
βһΪʦסԺ꼶ʦҪǷò࣬ƽм䶼ãʵˣһ಻úãƽֻңңȡ
ȻʦΪ꼶û̫˼꼶ޱʦϸ˵һ£࣬еˡ
һ칫ﶼ۷׷ס
˵ޱһֵģҲ˵һο㲻ʲôģлޱ͸ģ⻰һͱʦˡ
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˵ޱ͸⣬ǻǰޱĿ
䷢ģ˵Լû߹ޱݣԷţԼԸһȥУǰ˵
칫ʦһ׷׳Բ˵ޱ͸ʦҲȣʵʵ˵Ǹ
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Ϊǣʦˮʱ˿ûй˼ɡӦģԾḻĺʦʱû˵͹ԹԵǸˡ
߻ưеԥޱܡ

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뻹ãԽԽܡ
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ʦ˵ʦλһܲһӣûŬʲôã
ʦȱԸڳءʦ⼷˵
ʦԣ΢΢𣺡ǾͿԸˡ

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ʦʦרҵ߰꣬һֱھСѧʦУڲñȣУ⣬İ༶ĩԴû
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ˣ¹ĻǼ⣬ϴҶϿޱĽѧпԺ󣬹ޱνܲת۶
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ʦ˿ʣҲúǼ໹ǣ
˽һ죬òѧҲˣҴȴ࣬Ҳܶ壬꿪ѧſϻдĵӢ˳ʦһۣǿ˵ȫУΧڵĴ㾡ܷġ

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һߣ칫ҾٶУǴˣߣ
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77 ֵ
ôôޱһص칫, ưƾͼæ
ޱʣʲôô
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ޱЦŷӦ
ưĥǡӣ
ЦޱЦ, ʣȥȥ
ȥưæ, ߱, ˣתˣǳʦòĸࣿ
ޱ̫ȷ˵У˼, ѧ࣬ƻд䶯
ʲô䶯ưʡ
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ȻֵǺܼᶨѡ˯档
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78 Լ
ޱһԼڸսǻᡣ
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ȥӰ, Ҳȥ԰ɢڵĵӰԺ͵͵ǣ֣ڹ԰˵Ľ͵͵ǡ
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ⷽ棬ʵȫޱûʲôθУһͦġ
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Ȼޱֻ˵⣬ӶϲõֵܿУܿ뵽´θô֧ӡ
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л˵



79 ˽
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÷УıΪ㣿
˵ȫΪңҵڡ
Сѧڵſηʽı׶ˣӢĲ֪ޱδأֻѾСѧ̫ҪҪĸʱηηţΪȷıǻãǱøޱĳ֣Ըĸĵ·ġ
ӢصˣӰģȻǿп޵ˡ
Ȼˣޱʲô
ЩģθУʶô꣬һơ
Ȼޱ÷Ӣǻ˽ˣҲȫֿܣֻĻ̾Ϣ˵Ҿֻˡ
ɥҲЩܣûٹޱȥȡֻļ˵ʵҲֻһֿܣ˵УϲҲܿ㣬ỻġ
ޱЦʣҪҪԵ㡣
ˣҼﺢӻųԷ˵꣬Ҵ뿪ˡ
ޱ˻ᣬкӳԷ

ȻĲѣ¹ȥޱȻο
Ǿð죬µһ꿪ʼãͿսһΣȻֻǹְ֪ͨ죬˭֥ܿѿɫ
л˵
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80 
ðս, ޱû̫עΪĩԼ١
ĩؽֳԾȫСѧϿԡȻ, ΪصطƫԶԴţȫСѧҲ߰СѧУ˵ʦǿ, 궼ǵһ, Խĩ, ѧУʦԽɡ
ޱûзԼ, ô˵Ҳת󽻳ĵһݴ, ϣԴ֤Լĩǰ, ޱ⻨һʱ䣬ѧѧڽݣԼǿǵļ䡣
ޱôĩ, ʦԪصλĳʦʦǾ, Ͼ̵ͬһ, Ŀˣѧɲ̫ࡣʦ뷨ǣпԾͱ, ĩԡ㲻ܸϳҲɡ
ϰϽϰ
꼶ʦ, ʦһ, Ҳס, ׷ָԼﺢӸϰ
ǣĩԸƽʱĺǣӭ˽ŵĸϰڸϰѰʱҲһܣһѮĩڶ
пһĩҲֻţѧԽ󣬺Ǿͷżˣʦӭ˿Ƶڡ
ͬǣĩԾѧУҪȥؽ֣һĻѧУʦԾܷģɽֹԱøǣʦ֪ԾǲǱУѧҲ޶ȵر֤ƽԡ
죬ĳɼ㣬ѧУɽֹԱԼ
ޱǻûżٵʱ򣬸ε׼ɼдûεҪɨ칫β
Ȱд칫ҲɨɾʱҲͳƺ˳ɼ͵˸ѧУСѧҲ֮Ű񹫸档
һ꼶ſڣʱѧУʦ˵ȫԱȥˡж񵥣ѧżˣѧУҲûʲô¸ɣֵȻҪȥմա
İ񵥷Ϊ飬һУڸ꼶ѧɼԼƽ֣Ǹ꼶ȫǰԼУ꼶֡
ޱǱưƽȥģ˹ΪȫĸʾǰΧ̫࣬û֣ȥУڶ꼶
ûһᣬưƴչ˵÷ֿ˵һ˸ùŮۣǰѧǰʮ˸ģ
ޱûԼǳЦ˵shigG٤Ҵ࣬ơ
ưȴ룬ǰѧɲǼ򵥵˵ȥġοһƽָķֲпԻ˼֡
ǰʦ̫࣬һζޱ̫ޣưƾû˵ʲô̧ͷȥһ꼶ɼ
һ꼶ѧΪûʲôȻ棬̸жŬĩҲǺܷɣѧص㣬ֱζ꼶ʦŸŽһѡ
һΣưƻͦɼ̧ͷʱס˺
ĩԾпѣһ࿼ʱư֪ˣڽԾĹȻࡣ
ưƴ඼òһʮϵҲ٣ƽԶڼߣпԶ֡
Уưޱȥȫصģһˣȫǰİռ
ޱİ༶ԲǰǰҪôռһҪôռûġ
ƽָ˵ǰ㣬СѧƽҲܱѧУߣζòȻǸ߳һء
񵥿꣬ȫʦϲ
ʦҲЦ˵ʱ򣬱ɫͳƽԱһŴ
֥ûܸޱԼһȺٲҲֻĬĬš
ʦ鵹Ǻ֮ܲǰŻعλΪĳ˻ûԼλãȷԼȵͿúܿˡƽȻһѹˣпԱټοԸѣҲܴӲ˵ɵò
鲻ĻзУȥ֯ȫְ˸̵Ļ顣
鲻Ҫ£һǸлȫְְȥһѧڵͣĩɼȫʦ֪ͨźٵ£Լȡʱ䡣
ΪСѧż磬껹ʮ죬ûô緢õȵũʮԺ졣⿼ǵ־ɩҪ̽ףǰǼǣʱַš
ǻ󣬴ҶҪǮưҲޱ
Ȼ껹ʮ죬г̻ȷˣޱҲ칫˵ԼļƻɻʣֻлĲѡҪ𣿡
Ȼô˵ǰǼҪǮҲû˹㡣ưƽ˵
ޱŶʣǹһܷʲô
·ݲģŽľСѧû﷢Ž˶Թ귢Ķûʲô
ÿ귢Ĳһǰ귢ף⣬Щͷ֮ࡣȥ귢︻ǿۣһͰͣʣµĻǳͷ
ͷڱϡݵϾûôܻӭˣˮԲ꣬˭ԸԹͷװġϹͷ٣۲Ըλܻװͷ
ư˵ŻһתѧУò˵ᷢö㣬ǲ֪ͻ⣬ͣţûؼҵȷҲУҪͲðˡ
ȻƳ⣬ҲҪѹģƾҪһ죬֮Ҫɹ
ЩҪϼҵľɩĶʮҾҪСǰҲҪôʱ⡣
칫ʦʣҪȥʷУ귢ʲôپҪҪ֣
ưеԥ᲻᲻̫ã
ʦ˵ʲôõģǰǼǱΪ˷ңˣҪϼҵҲѡǣ
ưЩᣬҲûã˾Ҫϼҹʦȥˡ
޻ذ칫˵ȷˣ귢ͣû⣬巢׻Уû˵
ư˵׷涼УȻû⣬ҾͻҪ
칫ʦҲѡҪȻ֣ͷȱĴǮƱҪƱͣɵӲŲҪ
ޱȻҲѡҪȻйʳӦ֮ǰ˼ܺӷСʳӦֻǸպùûٸࡣ
ϵȫûжƱ٣ҲмټϽģޱеƱʮʳ
Ҫס£Ĳ˵ʮʳҪԡ£λܶ෢ʳǺõġ
ֹޱʦҲѡҪûȥǼǡ˿󣬷Уһӣûεʦżˡ
ޱ֮ǰֻʱʦԳʦסԺ󣬷УûӳʦεĹʦһˡ
ʦصλӦðѶֻ࣬αȽ鷳ʦʹ࣬ȥҲʣޱѾתǰ⹤䵽ޱͷϡ
ˣûεʦżٺޱһ࣬ɼʽӭڡ
żٺޱɵĵһ¾ǰӸȡˣҪ˯
ޱĵģܲʧЦʣ˼£ϰߣȷ˯
嶼йԵģϰĳʱ𴲣ӣʱҲѹ
ޱȻһ㣬˯ǼڵĿʼ˵ˣҲҪ̫ɹƨ𴲡
ܳƬ˵ҲôΪԼ
ޱһࣺʽУ㲻
ܵȷ̫˼͵˵и취һ˯
ޱŪӣŻشͷϷţͷʣʲô취
ҹ
˵ţޱ§ͷסĴճֻҲ˳°˽ȥ
ͨĶôҹԶ
ǼòֱסԱƽޱҪļǷϢҹӰడ
Ȼãֱޱϵǰһ죬ÿ춼Ը˯Ȼѡ
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81 죡
ָĸĴ˵ҵ, ߵ벻ޱͱܸˡ
賿˯ѵʱ˻, ۾ܰ죬׼˯û˯룬˵ٲ𴲣ϲȥӰˡ
Ϊ˯߲㣬ޱԴתе, ˼˰, Ҫ, ֻÿ
ˢϴ, ԡҳʱ˵ж
ٽӪḻ˲, ƽʱҲͰͷ׷, Ӧ˶żжԹӦ
ޱ룬ҧ˿ʣˣ
ߵʮ, ʮҳ
ޱͷٽ, ʮǰ, Եе㼱ʵںȲ꣬˵Ȼȡ
Ӧ, ȥӽлų
ӽֹ˽ãΪϽͨ, ûȫֹ˽ó, ֻҪǰ, ԼͷѾУʹùгֹϣҲҪԼޡ
ͷѻ˵Ǯܱתתȫ𡣵ѾͲ˵ˣõĻû˾ܸޣshigG٤ˣǮǮپͲһˡ
˳˻˽ãҪӵĸܾǰ룬ϾͰѼճˡ
Ӽۿʵ·ĻҲҪʮӣͿˣߵʮһĿھͳ˾ͷϡ
գʿǲѵͷһ㶼䣬ٽ꣬̽׵ģҪĶ٣˵Ĳֹޱһҡ
סڼܹϵòãܹ鶼ʶ˲⺮Ѽ䣬ʼʲô̽ס
ʵⴿϻˣʱŵģ˰ûˡ
ҲвͬӵĻзĸޱҪӵ衣Ϊ㲻ͬҿǵ˼ֺ档
ޱ֪Ǻʲôͷ˼뻹ϼҹ꣬رҪһ꣬˼ϾɵģʮŮܻҡ
ʯǲ˵ȫû⴫ͳޱڵĴӣʮѹŮϵġ費ȥ⼸Ǵҹꡣ
дԶݵ꣬ΪһģԽҲҪһΪȻϣԼܻȥδΣҲȷŹپ۾ۡ
ֻµļ٣ײ룬ޱдϹˡ
дŵʱޱ°費ݵȥؿһʲôļ紺ʺϹʲôγ԰
ܿźĬ㣬ʣγԣȷ
ҲģҲƭ˰ɡޱƱ˵˵ҰԶ϶뿴ǣЩҪ

䣬ޱԶġء˴żӣһҾòҰС
ͧ˷ܵػֱۡ
Ҳǰ˵㣬뿴øûͱޱסˣҲ߽žԽԽҰеĽͧҲԽԽԼ˺üͷ뽫ǰĴһ￴ø
ֵͧ˼ӣŲű򿪣˲ϵľټ½´
ޱм䣬϶СģǺĸͣסŲŵĶҵһߣֻ̧˻ӡ
ţţĸ̽лֱػ֡
ޱҲϽӭȥ´ֽӹĶʣôôණ
⻹ࣿĸ˸İŮԹ˵ҪͲõ㶫ǽлⲻǲУһʰ
´ָϱ⻰ʮֲ˵ʲôʮĶԣ
ðɡ˵ţָ򽫿ŵĴֽӹĸʣµİ
ĸƴ˵ãá
ðɣ󡣡ޱ
ĸתͷָܵŵǴʳ㽫Žɵؽݸɷ򣺡㿴㣬Сһ붼硣
ָõʲôͣʲôͣ˵ģӦõ𣿵ŮŮǰһӣֳֻ֣˰
ָߵ˵⹫Ҳǵܵܣ
˵𡣡
ֵָԽԽˡ
˰ɣ˵úϳһĸ̨˵ӿڴǣݸӣǴġ
СǣҲ⣬߸˵˵ллšָţͦţ˺һûȵ䣬һ
ǲлл⹫𣿡ޱ˵⹫һŶ
֮⣬⹫һġ
ȻٴлĸɷǵŮֹ˵ԽԽƽϡ
ޱЦǾһ
ѹ󣬼˱ͷȥ
·ߴߴͣСƵ⹫ʲôʱģ·Ϻò棬۲ۡ
ʵĸ泩޵ԽԽˡ
˵ѾǴ
⻰ޱĸ˵βҪȥˡ
ĸͬŮĹ۵㣬˵ӶµȻҪ䡣
ޱ룬Сʱô£ҲûôҰȻǸס
ĸŮ߸˵˵ЦЦָһһЩϵ¡ȻûŮܽû˽ţʳⲻ̫档
˵䣬˳ͷܴߵͣľüԡ
֪ǿģĸͦˣԶ·ȥˣα⿪
ָЩʣ㿪û𣿡
û£ǰ룬ͷԼС˵
ָ⻰֪Ůǿ׵ģصͷĸ˾䣺ͷѹ󲻹󣿡
󡣡˵˸
ͷѵȷ󣬵ĸ˾䣺ᵽ˼ңѳͻȥӵĳɲá
Ҵ˵죬ϿȥУҺޱޱǳȥתת˵ţкϳ
ͷСɲָҲֻȥ￪ʱ򿴼쵼ԼûġĸҲһֻԶ뿴ûû
ϳʱ˶ЩСԼˣǰѳŪˡ
ޱ˵ʵСŸ೵࣬ǿһ㣬ûôΡ
ĸǻǲͬģ೵ëǮһΣСȴͬƽʱ·ϼѼԷ˵㡣
ܿ죬ճߵޱʱ·ǻ·ߴһƬ·ߵĲݶݻˡ
ĸ˻˵·ǴĿŲࡣ
·Ȼࡣޱ˵
廰ʣǴﰡ
ޱ˵żҰ
Ŷżҵı磬ʣţôû
Ҫڼҹ꣬ûĸ˵
ɻʣǼҹ𣿡
ĸָŽ·ŵ˵̫Զˣ⹫Ŵôණǡ
ðɡʧ̾˿
죬ճ㿪˼ǴǱŽĸķ˵ǼԺ
ָ˵ϾǲӴԺסģޱܡ
ޱָǰ˵ݣҹһԺӵģסϷӣŶ
ǼܿŶ廰˵
İ
ͷ˵԰Ǽſڻɳ̲ԸǷӣǷ𣿡
Ż治ᡣ
ظ˵û£ҿԽ㣬ҸǷӿˡ
ˡɲס˵
ĸ̧ͷ⿴ȥ߷Ȼǰ£Ҳש߷ҶŶžͿʣǼסĶ
ޱƿȥָǰ˵ǾǼҡ
ĸ˳ָĿȥʣǼҶ󣿡
¥¥¼ǼҲ࣬¥û䣬¥ݡ˵shigG٤䣬ޱֱӰϵס޸ˣ˯ɣܸסһ䡣
ûᵽ͵ܵܣæʣҺ͵ܵأ˯
˯˯˭˯˭˯ޱЦ˵
Ҫһ˯ԥǸ״֪𣬰ְֿɻˣڼҵʱ򣬾ͲҺ͵ܸܵһ˯
ϳţ⻰һƸǵԴϣʣʲôʱһ˯ˣ
졢ǰ졢ǰ졭кöö죬㶼Һһ˯ԽԽ״ְֲҺ͵ܸܵһ˯ˣԼÿ춼һ˯һְһ˯ϾҪ˯
ޱɫ˲Ǻ죬ʾܣܹӣ
յϱźţܸԴϵ£ֱס˶ӵ͡
۾ֱ̧°ְֵ֣ߴʣأ
ܣ죡
ָĸʲôû
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82 ò
ޱι, ˲˵ķ羰ͱγ⣬Ҳ뿴Ůôǵ˼, סͺһ㡣
˽ԺӺĸһֱڴԺӲ󣬵ʰûɾſڱ˿, һŴн², һƬϲ, һЩ, л˼, ĸʣʲô

ʲô
˵֪ǳ, ر
ڮԼϲˮ𷴲˵Ų, رóԣ
ĸûԹҲûֵôһ˵, ɻ, תͷŮޱ˵һˮôһ, пϲ˾㣬óԣϲ˾ó, 
ĸϡ棺ϻˮ
, ⼾ûġޱ˵
Ա˵еġ
ĸȻ, ָǼСʣЩֳܽ
˵׼ǳʣµĹˣҾˣʱʮŹ˰ɣѿľţ⼸һãʣĿˡüܽĹҲ֪ôɡ
ϼֲ
ϼ֣
ĸĻشпԿ˲ĸŮ
ޱʵ˵ȴˮ볤ԽˮҲҪ󣬴ϼҲǶǺ
˹Ů⻰ĸ״ͷҲûԹֳ֪Ĺӵô̸ź
Ժӣ˽ݡ
ޱӣӷܵԡҲ˵Žĸ˵Ǽﲻζ
ǳõִשֻҪɾͨͲζޱ˵ĸȥۡ
ΪȴԲҲôʪʰͦɾȷûʲôζ
ۿĸ˹ŮĻ
ι¥£˾¥ȥˣ̨ųţʱĸ˵Сڿĳɣ
ûǺ档
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˵ⷿӱޱǰס޷ĳļǿˣĸ⡣
ޱĸι۷ӵʱָɳִ˺ü죬ƣö
Ҳ¥£˺裬һݸ
ˮָ̣΢΢һڣˮŨ࣬ȥлظʣ˵費
˵زĲҶϲĻʱȥ
ָͷ˿ڲ裬ͬܵ顣
Ų裬ޱĸŮӴ¥ˣָк˵ӿˣ
ˣͦáĸ˵̧ͷȥ˵羰Ҳãڴϵʱ򰡣Ҳû⺣ʲôرģ־ͦÿ
ޱ˵ǰ̫ûôʱԺȺȲԳ˯羰ˡ
ĸԱЦӹõ̹ͦ
꣬ĸͿʼ
һİװŷ˵·ĸֱӰŵһû
ȲصСǸװĶǲˣоĥȸɻҲиɶǸɽˣǼϹޣװܲС޵ĻƶͶ顣
ɻɲĸޱģ˶ޱȴûԹúܣȥÿӳ˿ڻƶ͸顣
Ϥζޱ۾óԡ
ܺó𣿡Ա߿ʿˮ
ޱʣ볢
ԥͷţ
ޱ͸մ˵ƶ͵ߣͷ˿ڣüôֵֹġ
㲻ϲԾˡ
һ˵һûζأԣ
аɣٸ㳢ޱְѿ͵ߡ
סϸ˳Ȼ˵е
óԲ
ͷ񡭡еóԣ̫ȷ
ޱЦָСӳ˿ڣǽã˵óԡܵô˵ٳһΣܾûˣԷٳԡ
ʧ˵ܳԵûôʧˣͷ˵š
ĸʣµƤһͲǲˣװĶȾϸޱһ˵ˣôʳʲô
ĸ˵ǼֵģûǮ򡣡
ҵ˼ǴԶô۰
ֲһֱţվʱҪһᣬʲô۵ġĸֱԹϰ飬Ҫ˵òһװƤʳ
ĸΪ˰Ůչڳס˺ü꣬˵ûӵļͥӹкӵľͲ˵ˣ׻˵СӳӣӦʳԡ
ϣũ巴ǿ㣬ּҾ״ӣֻҪ˲ر裬׽깫ʣµʳǹһӳԵġ
ֵȻ󣬵ǵĹӦ׼Ҳͣǰޱûٴ
֮ǰĸ㣬ǷҪס£Ĳ˵ʮʳҪԡȻŮТ˳ܲΪŮǣ׼ЩʳͷӲãװʳһһ㣬ʣ¶ʮˡ
ָϱ߶ԼѹŮԹĸϾûҰû
⻰ܿɲҽӣ裺Ȳ衣
ǱޱöĲ˶õţ򱻷Ž˿Ȼΰܺãû͵ʳҪޱϰ߷סĵط
źöޱĸȥϢᣬȻδִ˺ü϶ˡ
ĸҲȷЩƣʮ꣬;þһ겻һ꣬ôԼһ˶öαָָ
ûָϡ
ĸ¥ϢָҲȥ﷿˻ᣬޱܴźȥˡ
ޱshigG٤ѵùȻóʣһվȥ˺ƷӦվٽӦվĺñƽʱ죬ǵʱѾˣ򵽵ĻϺз࣬Ҳʣ˼ֻ
Ӧվбͷ󣬼ǮҲޱűγǣͰʣµıԲˡзҲ˼ֻϺһһˣҲ˵㡣
꺣ʣȥг̯ȸڹӦվɾʲôûˣˮģޱֻ˼ز˻ȥ
ޱܰŴ֡
ʱĸѾ˯ѣ˾úܣ˵ҪæޱǹΪɣû֣ҲԱ߰ǻ
ĸǷһһͣȻֺǺǵӦˣɷǰֽܴؿ䡣
ָĶ˵ڼһ飬Щ壬˺֪֮ӲʲôԶҳŮ˾͸񡱵ʴʣȥսŮ˵Ȩ
ˣĸܵʱֻǳĬţżӦһʾԼˣû⡣
ĸ֪ɷԣŰֺЦû˵ȥˡ
ʵֹܲæ֣Ҳһ̲ˣĸѵùȻ¶һӡ֡
ȻΪղҲֻ¶һ֣±
ʵȥܳձޱǻ˵㣬ɫζǰˣζ˵ϺóԣҲر
ټĸ￴ŮԽԽϲĸ޲ðŮĲ˿졣
̲סֹܵŵǲ⣿
ʲôһʱû׸˼
һܲ˵˵ְֳĲˣžȻ˵ررóԣⲻ𣿡
룺Ӧͷ⡣ͷǳζġ
ޱԱߣӵ˽̲ס˳飬ÿͷԴ˵ǵķֹû˻
ȻĸŮտ컨׹ܻӭĻޱļʣʱټޱĳգǿǿȻóԡ
ֻǳԵʱĸ΢е㲻¿ڣڴСû½УǷǳģܸоһڳȥǮ
ޱ״͸ĸһǮǮһֻ
ˣҲû̶ֳȣĸˡǳʣûеôóԣ㶣Ů첻Ҫˣ

ԹзϢһᣬޱʰҪҪȥתת
ָûĸȥģޱṩ˼ѡһȥתתȥɽȥ䡣
ĸǰƬʲôʱ䶼УɽˣҺɽˣ˵ȥ棬һųˡ
ʵҲûʲôģĸԸ⻨ǮӰǾȥӱתһȦ˳˹乩磬ڹӪ˶
ĸǲڹӪģ̫ˣȥޱȰ˵ѵһΣҪɫˣټɷڶȰĸͰư͵شӦˡ
ӪղǵļζͦãޱԵöͦ⣬ȥʱ϶Ц
תһ磬صҺޱ趼ˣһӾϴϴ˯ˡ
ϵķ䣬ޱĸŮ˯ԣ˯ԡ
ӿ˵ĸģȻ겻ǸȻ׽˯ʱǺ˷ܣڴϱıÿʵɢܡ
ֹ˯ˣޱʱ˵
ޱ˼ĸ˵ﻹìûУСìܲϡ
ҼбľȻĸΪӾһˮƽˣҪĻƫӣϱǲô롣
رǴϱüӣ˶ǹƫģССӶǹӪʽԼֻڼֵǹƫģޱȥ󣬳Ǯæӣĺû˹ܣȻǹƫġ
뵽£ĸ̾˿˵ǷְɣֻҪûֵǰҾ͵ûʹŮô
ȻͨţĸùŮòǼﻹüͥأɴ˿ɼӹúòãе˲֪ۿĶ
ҡޱ뵽ǸΣߵĻЩԥֻЦЦ˵ͦõģܶҺܺãҲܹԣԼҲȶˣһжͦõġ
ĸ裬ܿƬ̵ͣ٣׷ʣϴЦĹŮְѻ˻ȥֻ˵úãͷˡ
ŮΪʲôԥʣҪڵס£еʱ䡣
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83 ׶
ĸŮĵ賿˯, ǱŮûô໰ˣմͿʼ˯ڶһһ硣
ָ¥, Ϳн滹żֽŵʣȥ緹ˣ
Ӫģޱޱ𣿡ʡ
ĸŮ϶Ҫ˵첻ô硣ָ˵ע⵽ûװ, , ǲǻȥӪ
, 쵽ʱˡ
ָ˵֪Ҫʲôʱ, ֱȥŰɡ
Ӧ, ¥, ǰվš
ܿ죬洫ĸ˭
, ңܲܽҼ·
ͣƬ, ĸŶ, ǲ˯ѣɡ
ŽȥǰţЩ, ûϿֱߵ¹ǰ·
ƽʱţĸͻȻʡ
˵ࡣ
Է𣿡
һӪԣ°ࡣܴϾװ, ߿ۿӱ˵, , ͣ𴲼ǵóԡ
㻹ȥ緹ĸʣƽʱ緹𣿡
ʵǡ
ĸ˵ĻɫЩΣĿ˵ȥϰɣ·Сġ
ܵлſſ¥ˡ
ŷźϵĸ˼
ȻǿܳģĸǷСмϵûôƵûбĸ׻صʯǺѸ
ʵǰĸںѼܼΣ֪ǸТ˳ӣǵģгϢʮ⡣
˺ĸӵ£û̫þʹӦˣȻԼŮĶãǼҾܳɣŮʡ
ֻǺȥ󣬿ŹŮһҪϰ࣬ҪӣʱеڣŮҸˣûôãŮǲܹɵ㡣
ʱ򿴿޷ĳԺЩ߰£־ûܺá
ӪϢȥǸһʱ䣬ùŮྡˡޱˣֲⵣǣµ࣬ŮҪԿ࣬Ҳ˷ֿô꣬Ȼž۹һȥ
ȻŮÿμĻؼҵдͦã̤ܲʵ
һյޱϹţ;겻ϼҹˡ
Ը⣬ùôҪshigG٤ôܳԶţҹô죬ô죿УǴǣô죿
ͷ߶˵ҪԼǲϣ˵ʮûԶţֲʶ֣ɱ߶ˣùǺ޲øһܡ
ֹԸ⣬ӶϱҲԸ⣬Ǵϱ
ϱԸ⣬ΪЩǣΪСΪʲôСԴͷޱϡ
ȻɩϼйģĿɷĹλ°ףΪҪפеλա
ɵϹ٣Ѿľɩòʱеλ֪ܳ
·ӻһߴְطȰؿס
ˣ뵽ٵһޱ׼ѹȥΪǱûʲôݣֲ㣩ޱҹϵãȸ˵£ʸɩԸԸҪĸ͸¡
ӶҪ⹤Ҫ⹤ķʽĿĲͬ
ӷ޴ǰгۣޱϹϱϣȻйʱǮ¶໹ȶ˵Ӫȹĵλ渣ҪһЩ
ӷƣг֮һļ۸ϱĵܵϹԭ򣬴Ǻò׵СӳӲչϱ˵̫Զز㡣
ĸԴϱҪ⹤ûǴ̺תͷ͸Ů⹤˶ӷޡ
ǣϱͼǺϹŮˣһʱŮǮۿֶˣһʱ־Ů׽ɩ׽Сӷ޸ûгۣЩȫġ
֮ȥˣϱԹŮǺ˽ӵźһӦǷǳԶš
ԻãһԣָͲˣı˵ҪϱһȥŮǹꡣ
֮ȥӻһˣֻһΪ˸ϱ£֪˭һŮúòá

죬ޱڼתתȥ˴κȥʯǱߵ˻㡣
ȻѸٱϺ͵㲶һŹŮȥϺһԹ緹ҪŮԼȥ㡣
ǽ죬ޱҲû˯һʵûȱ
ޱÿȥϺ˻٣һٽ꣬˶ⷽĹƣΪ̽׵˶ˣܵøԼҵ
Ҳʶ˲ѣٲޱȥϺ͵ˣޱҲ˯Ȼѡ
ΨһϺȥ磬Ҳ磬ʱŹǷ¥̲סʣ˯ڲ𴲣
һ⻰ޱ֪߶˵ѵ÷żȻҪ˯˯
ĸ֪Ůϰߵģ߶˼䣬ָˣ˵𶼱ڿ졣
ޱ룬ڿΪûͰȥϺ㡣
ҲԼҪô˵϶߶û꣬Υ˵һ
ĸԹŮ̬Ȼ⣬ɫת˵Լջ񣺡ҽ찡ץֻ㣬ôġȥԼץıøޱ
ȷƽʱĴһ㣬ޱؿ˼䡣
ĸϲ̵˵ҰЩϣͰϴεС
ϴβ˵ζһޱʡ
ĸһ˵ϴģץģôһ
ޱãǮ⡣
ˢԹ緹ޱĸŮһȥ˲г˵ˣ˵⣬ʣ˵󳦣ҲԲˡ
ĸһʣʲôֲóԡʯûʲô˳󳦣ΪѴôһζʡ
ޱţģĿ϶óԡ
ĸ̫ţȷ
ģϺɩѧ˼Уڿɻᴦʳˡޱظ˵
ŮôģĸҲٷԣˡ
СʱĸͺˣΪޱϴʳ
۰
ǿǾϸ
⵹ùӣ
ĸֱŮӣޱԴ䣬˵ˣ˱˵ɤӡ
ĸ
ĸûһʲôͷŶͷʣ㳣ô󳦣
ޱ˵㾭֪ˮǼεúܣȥ˸򲻵ǽ촿ãʣ˵󳦡
ʵղ˯ȥ򵽵ģ⻰ޱ˵°
ĸǰȥгȷûˮ˹ŮĻ̲סֹҲ߯ˣϴ˭⣿ô˷ʳСھû˵㣿
ޱ˵û֮ǰ󳦶ϴġ
ĸˣӵ˴յһȥˣŮǿ㣬ͷ˵æȥɣҾͲæˡԿۡ
ϴɾ˲Ϊܻûż٣ǼȻʢ˳ԣպųԡ
ޱཷ˿̯ž²˼Ļʲôģһֳ̡Ҳû̫պϡ
Ա㣬ֵָȥˣޱĸŮԺɹ̫
ţ洫гޱ̧ͷԺǽ濴ȥͼгʵԱﴩ˳ɲסʣ׶ţֱ˻ȥ𣿡
֮ǰ˼𣿡ޱʱߵԺǽߣӹſۣǾԺĵַҲһݸʵԱ˵鷳˻ȥɡ
ʵԱţĸĹİҲ֪ͨȥȡģޱҲϤԱЦ˵ҲȤһһֱţһ߿Ҳ˻ȥ
鷳һˡޱ˵
ʵԱ˵ҵνҪһˣǮҾðҪʵڲԷͻһŹȥǱˣһһʷѿɲˡ
ޱЦЦû˵תƻʣǽ컹ϰࣿ
⻰⣬ʵԱֺü۷˵һ졣
ϲޱЦֲ˾䣬֡
֡
ʵԱ˵꣬гͷŷɿ뿪ˡޱҡͷЦЦתʣʲô׶ţ
һ̫Ϥˡޱ˵
ңСӵĻҶˣʲôϤ˻ᾭдţǻ˻ȥˣĸ̧ͷʣô£
ޱ򴽣صλϺ˼Ƭ̧̣ͷʣ裬֪ܰΪʲô𣿡
¸
͹ȥÿһޱЩһĸһӦǷʻȥղʵԱĻ
Ƿţ׶ġ
ּĹģĸɫ䣬ޱشٶȷʣдţ
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84 ĸ
ĸô, ޱе㲻ҸʵڸȢдˡĸڸҲʣдŸʲô
ޱҡͷ˵֪, ֻ˵һţshigG٤ͦãҲûݣֻ˵ԺַŲҪգֱ˻ȥ
͸ø˻ȥĸ޺޵˵, ֵ, С⺢ӻ, ǿˡ
Ȼ̬ͨܵ, ޱڸӡ̫, ô˵ǳ, ⻰һʱ֪ôӣͣƬʣҹ飬ΪֶԲ𣿡
ĸߣֹǶԲ𣡡
ʲôޱһûȵ, òٴοʣ軹ǲ˵, , ҲˣǸдһֱ, ˵Ǿϵˣʲôʱ, Ҷ֪ôӴǣ
Ӵȥˣĸüëһš, ˵ֳһ, ţСȻˣˣ׼ֻģǻ쵰ûҪ֪Щ߰¡
ޱʣλô˵׵ܲǶϱѵܲ
ĸǲʣֻӽǻѻţڣûǡȥҲĹһ󣬵ûҹͷ£һֱ졣
ŹŮĻĸ̾˿˵°ɣ˵
ĸŶݣĸ׳ܸƽһ𳤴ģǵĸĸͬһҵĵء
ڼұǵũԼеأͷеصˣҲù
Ϊظ˰أͷµ껻ϰ˹£°Ǹ˾ʹˣ˰һǳе¡Ըصũ񱻸߰ĸ˰ѹ壬أΪũڼҾˡ
ڼһҪһЩΪƽڼȳȣ·һȳһزΪƣǮһ֫ȫ˺һȳӣǵȻԸ⽫صǰߣڼҲũϡ
֮˵㣬Ϊ˰æ飬ˣǳס
¼ȻҲǵũ˽飬ʶЩ֣ټΪֱˣڵũкţ˸ҵĹҲܴϻ
ǰ͸ƽʶӼѣͰ˵˼仰˵֣ӡ
¸ڼҵ赽أԼҸڴ˲ʽھӣƽҲʶ
ֻǺþƽΪȵʱûܵõõƣȳ˵Ⱦʹ̣һȥɻͻȻʹһʱûֱԽˮԴײˮʯͷֱһغ
ƽĸױͲɷȥûΪĸǿֱӲˡǰƽĸ׸¸ö׸¼ҵ£ֻܽ
¸ӦƽȴûӦ׸£ֻƽĸ׵İ£Ӷף˵ǵͣǳɻ顣
ƽڳ¼סӴ˶˸ͯ
ޱʣʱǸ𣿡
ǻᵱȻã㿴СģɣĸͻȻʣŮͷ˵ƽʱ򣬳ñǻǴ͵СûвĽġ
أ
ҲãҪãҲôĽҲôꡣĸ˵Ŵֻ룬ȴѾֱ治ʱĶԳãΪ˶飬òá
ŵܶꣿ
ĸͷ˵ʮꡭ
ʮ꣬ʯ˻žƽ˴ܹ裬ؼҾ͸˵ξ
ƽľ֧֣һȥ
¸ĸ֪ԣȻǾؽžȴϣŮȥðգƽҲһͲСˣ¼Ѿӣ׼ǽ顣
¼һĸ֪Ľ
ƽˣ
ƽ뿪ͷ껹мĻľûϢ֪ͺ˵һ£ϣҪƽ
һȾʮ꣬ʮȵ˶ʮꡣ
ǶΪˣǻˣҵһο޵ôĸ˵
ޱܵĳڣʣǾͽˣ
ţ飬ƽˣǻỹûô̫ƽҪȥ̡
˵Щµʱĸһֱüͷ壬ϵ¶һ˿Ц˵СʱСڿϲˣÿδǼ棬ץֲϷţߵʱҪһ
ޱȫǵЩ£𣿡
ȻУǻСܲǵˡĸЦ˵ǿãҸ˵Ƕס
ʱǶֻǿЦ˭Ҳû棬ȴԺ׮»ˡ
ޱ˵治ǵãӦҲǵˡ
ʱҲС겻ɣ͸ȥ˱ߣмʮûֱ顣
ĸ˵ôã⣬ޱʣΪʲô飿
ĸ˵ȥ׶ãƽ˵иսȥˣսֻ˸Ůϼӹʮּѣܲܰ˽ӵסһʱ䣬ȸźùٰȥ
Ȼأ
˵ȥǰƽйĽ飬ʹӦˣ˽ӵ˼ƽ˰˷ݹ취ǵλ˼Ӹǡ
ֱܸ׵ΪϺޱȻصĸŮ϶޵ķʸš
ǹ¶ĸĿǶϣǰȥסҲǵ档˵⣬ĸ¶һ˿񣬡ƽǸ쵰ƭǸŮ˸ͲʲôսӣԣǸսѽˣ֮԰ͲΪʲôսѣΪˣ
¹ȥ˺ü꣬Ѿȥĸ˵Щµʹģʱ̲ס޵ҧô꣬ã̸̻˵飬ǶΪרǰԵģʵǣΪˣǴλΪ˼ݸĸ˳֮ǰ˵Ȣˡ
ޱʣôŽˣ
ʮ꣬˵£Ҫ裬˵ˣҪǸ˵Լ˺ˣ˴һӼǣĸǾǸαӣΪԼһӣ
ȻޱûܸףǲαӣĸĻͬģܸ׵ȷĸһӡ
ʮͲСĸ뿪ȫҲ˽顣ҵ˲ƽӢҲͣٶԷﲻװбˣĸҲᱻƭһӡ
ֻϾøĸʹܸףʣôµģѵǾ鸴ȼˣ
ǵĶԻǸŮָƽ˵Ӧ͸飬ʱڣԼҲΪһ޸˳ΪѸŲԣƽˡ
ȻǾˣ
ʱûУַһЩ£û˵shigG٤Ҳ̫а꣬˲Ļ顣ھ鸴ȼʱ˵ûУҾð˳ǣôǰŸ飬˾֤ˣ
ޱĸ˼˼ǣܵĺǸŮˣ
ʲô裡ĸ˵žòԣʣ֪ܺ裿
ޱʵ˵ʵһžĹģû𣬵ŷϵ֣Ӧûдġ
ܸдģĸͺˣֱվƻ˼ͥдţͲûȥֱ˺źã
ޱ˵˺ôУʱû˻ȥţ˵Ϊܿţֻûء
ĸһҲǣͷ˵Ƿʲôöٸ
ޱЦãôǰҲû
Ǿͼ֣ԺҲŹ˻ȥ˾ʹȥƽôǲŲʵģҲûӡĸƲ˵
ȻΪƽĹʱĵһӦôдţҲϡƽ뵽ôĲŲʣﻹǺߡ
ޱȻϵĹûʲôøУҲһһȥЩΣ֪ˡ
ǲܴģȥࡣ
ĸ˵ģܸЩǲŲʣǽ飬ӳûʲôʾţǺдģɴ˿ɼҲûʲô顣
ޱãܸ׻ŵĿԲں裬Ǹ޹ؽҪˣ⡣
ޱţ˵ȻƽǼ˲ô⺢ӻǲġǼͻʯǣΪ֪ôܣһֱû˵żٻص֪º͸Ǽ˳һܣʰʯˡ
ǰޱûԣĸ˵꣬ôôλܶ죬·˵ʣô£ô᲻֪
ʱϾУض顣
ޱסæתͷʣ̵ʱǲסԺˣ̾ǳܽǰһֱô͸Ŀںˣʱš
üǰ£ļǵãȻô˵ĸŬҼǵõʱǶ죬ʱʲô
ĸǵãޱȴǵúٽʱŵȷһ軹ȥҽԺ̽
ҲһΣһʵ˵¡
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85 
ޱһֱΪܽǰֻ, У֪ǰܻһΡѼǰ涼ϣܻж߰˴Ρ
оͦ͡ġ
ޱҲ֪, Ȼͦɺϣܾʹ϶ܾǸˣʣ裬ǵǰʲô𣿡
ǰĸʡ
߰ǰɣޱ˵겻̫ȷ, , ǻ𣿡
, ҹʯǹ, ̳Ժȥ, ʱͼˡĸ˵, øڲడûʲô仯
ޱ̫ţܰɣǰڱ仯ͦġ
㳤, ٻǸ١ĸ˵˼Ҫ˵Ļ, , Ҳ˲٣ǻῴſûڵƣǸݸ߸ߵĵĴк, ˣǻƤͦ׵ģѵɹ, һһڡ
, Ȼǲڲ곤ʲô, ûȫûӡĳ̶ȣоǸݸ߸ƤҲͦ׵ġ
׵ʱѾ˼ƤɹøڣҲʵ˲٣ټٳ٣Ҳ죬Ȼ޷еģӰϵ
ټĸǰûޱǰ£һֱΪɷȥˣҶŻصʯǵġ
ֱ˿ʼ̸ۼޣޱ֪ܸĸѾ£ÿڸûɫʡ
ĸҲûޱǰǰҲΪŵ̬ȣģһֱûʹ
ޱǼǰյ׶ţŵ֪ܸ׶ġ
ˣޱ֪ܿ׶󣬸бҵ˾УҸĸĸ׶ԻصʯǣҲûаǸ׶УҸĸĸ׶Իصʯǵϵ
ϾǴѾȥ̫ꡣ
ĸ˵£ޱ뵽Ǹ̶꣬ϵ
һϵޱ;֮ƶȲ˵ٷְ٣ٷ֮ʮеġ
ϳԷʱޱ̲ס̧ͷܣһ㣬ͷٰһ㣬һ㣬ʲô
ޱемܲס
ǲ˼ΪĿֱ̫ӣŵָĸע⵽ˣʱʱϿһۣܺϱû£ܲҸû˵ʱ򿴡
ǲܵģֻܽ쵽棬ָ˴ϱʾ̧ͷ
˭֪ޱû˼ʣҸʲô
ָĸ׷׿ԣܡֻ˵ÿôֵҲżٺˣỹܱ򶨣һ˵мҪ˵
ϵ˶̧ͷʲô£
˵쿪ʼݼ٣һ
ö٣ǲǷ죿
ܵͷ˵ţһ࣬ļݣһֱ
ޱ㣬Ȼ϶ݶڼҲ١࣬ҲˣǹҲȥġ
ޱͷ˵ͦá
ĸҲЦ˵ͦãԭȻʮҪȥӪޱޱ˵ҪҪҹŲϳԣȻڼңǻԺˡ
ʯǳҹʱ䲢ͳһ㣬ʮһ㣬߰˵㣬пܡּҾ״Ӷԣǳҹǰͨȥüݣ˻ؼҳҹȥ档ȼ棬ʮĻͽˣ絽϶ɻʱ䡣
ָĸȻԸŮ꣬ǾͲعصˣ궼ԣҲܱ䡣
ΪȷʮŲż٣ĸޱ˵ҪǻزҹŲٳԡ
ȻȻȷʮڼңǸԸҹģϰ

Ȼޱϴ󳦵ʱĸ࿴۶Կۣʳһ㶼ûٳԡ
˵ϴķǳǸɾζҲĺá
ǲ룬һӾ²ȥ
ԵʱԲ룬ĸָС޵˷Ϊָú˵˵ӡ
ָ֪ϴģҲùŮŮ̫˷ѡ뵽ԼԵͣùŮ˵̫Ļˣֻϴ󳦣ȷܲӦá
ĸ˰죬ûȵģʣûˣ
Ҳ˵ò𣿡ָһΪѵ˵Ҫʳζȷղ˭ûٳԡ
Ϸˣĸܿ־shigG٤ʲô⣿˵˰ɣҿģùŮ
ޱ˵Ҫϲԣȥг
ʲô򣡡ĸûشϹŮôĶżһξ͵ˣԣǮյûŰ֮ǰ֮ٳԾٳԣôۣϴǳȫûˣ㲻۰
ǰ̫˷ѣϴ󣬲ԼϣʵޱޱƽʱˣżҲΪԣģԺһƿ֮ڼԼӡ
Ůϴ̬ãĸû˵Сޣֻ˵˵Щѵǣֻϣܰӹã˽졣
ޱ˵˼Ƕףǻӹõģޱޱ˵ǲǣ
ޱ̱̬û
˰ԼĻȥˣĸͷˣʰ·׼ϴ衣
һ࣬ϴͳ⣬ȻΪ²ͣ׳Ҷÿϴ衣һϴʮӣҲҪһСʱˡ
οޱĸŮϴ趼ǰСʱ𲽣ϴϲ֣ҲǰСʱ𲽣ټʰԡҵʱ䣬һÿϹϴҪСʱ
ǿߵ̸֮꣬˻£һϴܻصʱѾŵʮ֡
ƿţϰҿȥޱϹ飬Ӷ۾һʣǶ˯ˣ
ޱָߣ˵˯šŵͷϡ
ȴޱСģϴһ£ǰŵСӵֱߡ
Ūˣޱ˵
ܺţģûôѡ˸Ƕʱ䣬ҹѹ⣬ֵ۾ͻһ˯ȫġ
ϱλÿճȻȻȥʣôһֱҿ
ޱûӦʣʲôʱ㿴ˣ
ϳԷʱ򡣡
ʱж㿴ޱȫԼǽжܿ˵ҲͿ㼸𣿡һǶ϶ġ
ǾǼۿеãʣûע⵽赱ʱһֱڿ𣿡
ޱûע⣬ҡͷ
û⣬ʣ㵱ʱΪʲôң
ҡޱҪش𣬿ܰıʱȴͣסˣĿʣһμʲôʱ򣿡
ܱסͷޱôͻȻ
ޱЦ˵氡𣿡
ʵϣޱʳʱǲżڴġ
ȻĳֻƼˮ꣬ı仯ܴǻǵӦòϲ
û˵ǰ£ΪǵˣΪͬˣ
ޱ֪ͷȴܵĻش
ͷֱޱڴ۾΢΢
ΪޱֲԾ£ƤĶڵҵһμ㣬ڡ
ޱ̧˵һһ¡
л˵
һ


86 ӵ
Ȼ
, ޱ룬Ȼǵá
ޱ𴽽ǣȴʣģôǵã
ĲǵãܿŻĹ, ʡ
ޱ治ɫصͷɫ˰Цӯӯʣôû˵ôȥˣ㻹ǵôǲ͵ҡ
û˵, ͱҧס˴, , ġ
ޱ۾, Žߵ, ΢΢ſ, ȴøɳ֮Ѹ͵ؽĿǻ
˵λٴη仯
ղޱڴϣͷ, ȴϣΨ˵ܱܲ, ȫѲ, ֻΪΪ
°ڣϸ֫һһʱޱ, ֻǻڣǿֵֺ̧ܣ̧۵Ƕڣ
С㡣
ͳ, ڼ
Ƥֲ, ؽڻϼ, ⻬Ƥʱܻޱ٣ŵĺӶǻ£Ψٽһ
ȷһָ¹ס˯ԵٶסĴ
ͱסޱ˿ڣһ˫˵۾ʱ˫΢΢۾д֣ˣ
ܵЦʪͷ˵ģ㡣
˵ͷ䣬ƽź
ޱڴͷȥһֲ̫ҶҲ֧ʹƣòƽǽ治˯ˡ
ޱ̧ͷѩ׵컨壬ͬʱҲſԼ
Ƕʱ䣬ÿ뵽С˵Ϊһӣúܲʵ
ȻԸΪޣױĿòΨôǸ顣
ܶ˵ģʱ䳤˾ˡ
ֺͺܶ޲һ꣬һֱط־ӣǸûʱ䡣
ʱƣʱЩļ¶ҲȥˣһǸϤİģΪɷķš
ûԼжమܣҲС˵
ԭţܰǶǴӽƵġΪʲôһ﷢ʲô֪
ڣޱˡ
ܵԴӲķģŴ˵㻹ûиҴ𰸡
彩ס֪𰸣
š
ܷڴͷϣޱͷͷ˵͵ˣǰҿƬ֪㡣
ʱŶʮ꣬ûǹ£Ҫ˲ȥ˵顣
Ȼܷˡ͵ϡ£ޱû˸еʧһʱҲûʲôҪǡȵȡ
ޱʣһʱǲʶң
ôôʣ
ʶĻΪʲô˵Щ
ޱʶܣԲôİʲôֵģ˺ÿ
ĳϦദٻ˵ЩޱĶԾ
ȴ̫ʵʣҶ˵ʲô
Щ°ޱ˵
ܡס㲻ǲǵ𣿡
ޱ֮ǰĶԻһʱȻȴЦ֪϶ǹģ˵ʵ
ô˵
ܳƬ̣ʵǰߵſڣ˵㵱ʱԱš
Ϊʲôȥ
Ҳҡ
СǴͷΪ޷죬Ƿʰֶۣ٣ͱֶ˾Ӫ
꣬ˣֱϾУƢԲġ
һν̹ûʲôµģܲм˵ûСʱľԼη塣
ºվĸ׵Ĳ⣬ٳٲ̤ȥ
֪׶ԲĸףҲ֪shigG٤ĸ˸ףǸң֪ĸԸԸҪ
ˣޱס֣ܵתƻʣһֱ֪˭
֪
Ҳǵң
ǵá
Ϊʲôңޱʵ̫ˣܻԼпܻһӡ
Ϊ㲻ǵˡ
ҡޱһû˵ֲ֪ʲôˣҲ룬һμ涼ȥˣ仯ôܼǵòְɣ
ûܵͷϣ˵ڵĻȴǣһϣԼ
ȷˣûԼ϶϶һӡ
ޱĥʣ֪ʲô𣿡
ţ
ɧ
ܣ
ΪһʮûκֵܹϴˣܲǺⲢʣޱɧ˰ѣϱȥ¥¡
һнޱڲֽ

Ϊͷϵĺ֣ڶޱϵˡ
Ŵܲϴ·ɨŮ뻹˯ĹŮĸܳ
ǾùŮ裬ϾƽʱܶҲڼҵʱ֡ǾùŮ̫˯̫ɹƨ˻һ㶯ûУ̫񻰣
ĸ˵ȥޱޱ緹
˯һɣ˯ñȽæ˵
ĸһǲŵͻЪô˯ô뵽˯ʱĶʣǲ
治ɫ˵ûУֻͦã˯ʱ賿ˡ
Ȼû˵ʲôĸ뵽Լ߹Ů£ԼԲһݳŮ˲ȰԭȻǶҹҲϢɡ
ܲĸΪʲôԼǵѡ˳Ĭ˵ڲᡣ
ĸһǺúӣ˵ôˣĻҪ⣬Ϣȥޱޱ𴲣Ҳ
ҹ尡Ҫ֪ŮŮĵҹ˯϶һôȥϢȥˡ
ĸֻ֣ô
ޱ˯úúõģֱܸŪˣڷһСʱøϳз
ָĸϵ󣬷һֱޱܻĸŴ֡
С޶ڲĸԾϣһ̺ʣһཷһ̺Ƭһʱߣ⻹
ͦʢζҲָŮθڣϱĲ˲Ǻ⡣
ôѧһ˭Ҳ׵ˡȻϱڲףܵûȥ׵Ļϱڲܰ˵ˡ
ˣùָתʹŮ绹𣿡
ޱʵһ㶣ôˣ
ָ˵ûʲôֻʡ
ȴԱ̨߲˵⹫ƭˣ⹫ʵǾûóԣ
ָΪʲôҪСһ˵Щ
ĸЦóԣ
ûУķθڡָæϣϱǰһԹŮŮ˵֮ޱޱ绹˯˯ҪΪǣȻǶˣãⰾҹǵÿƵ㣬԰ɣ
ޱɫ˲ͨ죬һѡ
ֱ壬һ˵Ƕסˡ
˵бһ۳Ե͵ĶӣӵУ
л˵



87 
Ϊʮг, ޱĸŮȥ˲гȱ©ѹҪĲƷ϶ˡ
صҺĸͿʼ, ޱϴźܲźп飬ܲ飬˴ָĺʵģ, 鱸á
ޱ׼, ĸҲ, ݽú¯, , , ȹðͿʼԲӣһһ
õԲӵ͹, ˵ζҲ֮Ʈ, Ժˣӱ
ûһ, Ӿ˽ͷʣʲôѽ
ըԲӰĸֱģЦ, 㲻㣿
Ӻԥ㣡ر㣡
߽ʣҿԳ𣿡
ɲôСͽϣĸֽﲦһ, ÿӸԲӻ, ˵, ǵȻᣬһըˣǳ
ӦվһԿš
ĸŹԲӱƤըɽɫ㰤Բ̳ŽõȻȻµԲӽȥը
ˣһһعԲӣ̲סˣţ𣿡
˺ˣèĸйõԲӽ͹˵ȥҼӳ
öʣ𣿡
ĸſھ˵̲㡱ǹ꣬˵ĻĿʣ㲻̰
²̣ؽ˳ӳ
ĸӹӣʣԲܲԲӣҪ֣
ԶҪ𣿡
ĸԣֻѡһ֡
ҪԲ˵СʯͷҲѡԲ
һӲһԲݸӺĸԹŮ˵⺢㣬
ޱһЦܣϣСʱ򲻲ɣ
㻹죿ǻʲôԵĶܱ㷭͵͵Ծˣ°ÿζһֲǲ֪θڴÿϣ޲ðӳǣ
ĸ˵ޱԺ£ȻѾȥö꣬ãǵãһʱ޷
Ĭĸⲹ˵Ϊ˷Ǽġ
ǰˣôó˵ޱָָֹ˵ôӡ
ʵܺĸ˵ȥ˽ޱ֪⻰˵ڣ϶Ҫɣ뻹סˡ
ĸЦ˵ʲôССʱҶ֪
һʣô֪
ĸɻʹŮû
Ҳȥޱ˵˵ˣ˵Ҹճʱ賣Ҽ档
ü𣿡
Ȼǻϲޱޱˣÿ֣Ҫȥ㻹⣬ޱޱۿޡĸըԲӱ˵
ޱЦŶܣۿް
㲻֡˵
ޱ΢ȣĸ˵ҪǿãҺҲǶףǵʱҲֻ˵˵û棬˭Լˡ
ޱ⻰̫ԣǰ׵ʲôԼۣ
࿴ģǶǿĸĸҪû࿴ϣѵҺܱǽ飿ĸ˵úֱ׳
ޱЩǿаɡ
ʶȤ˵öԣǵȷԼ۵ľshigG٤

Ϊİʾʵ࣬ޱûٰҹڶˡ
Ӫ겻ţ緹ԵþͱȽ⣬˹˼ȥ
ĸ緹Լ̫ݳޣҪޱ˵ҪԺõģҲûģֱӰͷ˼˵ǰûƴǡ
ȻְֵĳգĸһֱһΪԷޣԵȥΪã³˵öܶ±飬ԺŬظɻ
ϣޱ뷨һһֱܣżٵʱһٷ
ޱãΪϵĹϺȵСһڣܿ϶Գʧȥģ̶á
棬ĸŮǳѸٵسˣؿ佱ܣĳպн
ϱ͹ŮĻֳָ棬ȿٵسԣϸʣԼûƷζϸƷָԻϱ͹ŮԵĲһ档
Ƚֱˣܵҧ˵źҲ֡
ΪȻӿٶȳ档
Ȼְû˵ôóԣҲûôѳԣһٿԳ롣
ΪæʱԵҹȽϷʢѼӦоУǹôĴָʳָ˸˵ٳһˡˣһҪԵڶġ
ޱ緢Сǿ֢ûΪ˱һ
泩裺裬ʲôʱԷ
ʮһɣʲôʱáޱ˵
Ŷ߸˵뿪߸Ϣ
ҲԵڶܵܵĻӸʳ

Թ緹ܿʼ
𿴵ܹȥ֣˳᲻ᡣ
ֻǸտʼúõģϵĴʱֵһøһøҡ
Ȼվڵϣֲþ̫ߣҲСӸòͷʣң
󣡡
ң
ֵһ㶼Ϭֻúڳæޱæޱ˻˵ⲻͦ𣿻ŲʲôŲ
ôһӸ˸ԹϱǸҰæˣ
Դ˵ҾǾӦ/Ұ˵Ĭʮˡ
ܣҴȥ۾
ޱЦʣû
ûٰҿСӿס˵Žȥ
԰ְֵĻܲǲŲСӣ
Ҳ˵Ǻܿס
ԷȥҪæ
ޱһ٣Ҳ˹ȥûˣҲĬûһˡ
öʣʲôְΪʲôҪ
Ǵʼֱаľͳϰסޱ˵
Ȼʣʲôϰװ
ϰ׾ǣǰķϰߣ¶ҪԼʲôǷףޱǰ˵ٻ仰ǣְСʱүү⹫ôģڰְҲô
̾˵ˣԺҺ͵ܵҲҪô
ޱЦǳˣԸԸôǣְԺˣɹܲôࡣ
ְ˾͹ܲ𣿡۾תš
ޱԴģ֮ǰܹ㼸ʮꡣ
۷ʮ꣡
ޱЦ긣ִӶ¥ЦյԺʣʲô
ޱѸղŵĶԻһ飬Ц˵ΪϾҪˣܲˣһ˵ܹʮ꣬һӾͿˡ
ܵͷӣʣҸ費ˣʲô
˵̾ǿɶˡ
Ŷ˵˵
ְֿ֣裺˵𣿡
ԡ
˵˿Բ𣿡
㡣
ָͷ벻ȥѧУϿΣдҵһֱ棬һֱԣϲ˯ϲˢ
ޱס۾ֻûۿ
űã˵ȥɡ
ΪҪȥᣬʱʧɫ˵ǸղŻ˵ҵģ
ѵºͣ㣬¥ú˯һ
ͷ죬ʣǰ찡ǻû緹ΪʲôҪȥ˯
˹ʱ䣬ޱǱָȥ㣬粹˾֮⣬ʱ극󶼻˯һҲ˯ϰߡ
ɲֲַʱ䣬˯˯ûԭС˯ڳ緹ʱ˯
Ȼ˵ĸһ£˵㣬ʲôС
һֱһֱԣ˯ˢ룡
л˵
һ


88 ҹ
űڿ
Ľл, žıӲס۾ȴֲԾ뿴ըģ, ƿһֻƤ͵͵ȥ
ޱҲһ߶䣬һֻԴȥˣ
ͷޱһۣȴûжŤͷȥڡֱ߹˵, ת, Źлͣš
ޱӶ߽ȥ, ܾͰѴŹ, , ֻʣĸк, Ƕʲô
ԥҪˮ
Уˮأĸʡ
˵ҲҪˮ
ĸӷˮ, ޱܣܻش, ָ˵СҺ
, Ȼԥɡ
ޱ˵ҺŴ׾ưɡ
һְ׾ƣһǺװƣһǵŴ׾ơ
ǰǱȽϸߵİ׾, ͣζһ㣬ޱȲȥָİ׾, ҲҬӾŴ׾ƺ֦, ûʲôζ, ׼ģźȡ
Ŵ׾ǸԼĸ׼ģĸŮζƣܽŴ׾ƣôһԼĲࡣ
ƣָһ
˱ƱΪõǴԲͷ̫Ÿ첲ҲǺңǣ
˿׷õ;ƱӰ¡
걭ˣͷˮȵȻű쵽ޱǰҺˣ
ޱͷտյıӣϴ򿪵ˮ˵ȳԲˣһֱˮ˳ıҲϡ
֪
һڴӦӴ˸Բҧ
ѧҲ˸Բš
ָܱ߳ԱߺȱģտʼҪǳԲˣָͷҪɺȾˡܸտʼſӣһһֻ÷¿źȡ
ĸ˵ʱÿӴ˴ɷ첲ŵ㣬ıȶˡ
ָshigG٤Ϸ˵úúáȴѸٸԼϾơĸֱۣҪ˵ޱסˣ˵ģǺȰɡ
Ҳ˵ģҾС
ŮŮô˵ͱϹˣġָ˵ţƱ͸¡
ĸղѣȴû˵ʲôתͷȥȥޱ˵
ָûϱԼܺȵø𾢣ûԶ٣ѾԺˡܵãȾƣһֱ˿Żͦѣ£¾Ʊ˵Ͱ¥ɻᡣ
ĸû˵ʲôͣſ⣬һԷͺȾƣûûˡ
ҲǹޱԲ˵һ˷¥ȥ
ֻǼ¥ݲǿ˲磬ʵڼ¡ټָ·ҡҵģȥеѡ
ұȥɡ˵ſ絽ָǰſԼϡ
ܸղҲ˿һ׾ƣȻã˿û£Ƶ˶أټָͷߣޱЩģʣ𣿡
תͷĿƵޱ˵вУ
ޱȥָöʼ˵˲˿ܡȴô⣬Ц
ĸͣ¥治Ϊû취ָŪȥȰɳ˯ɡ
ֻ䣬ܾͰָ˵ģСͱָ¥ˡ
ޱģںָļߡ
ȻϾᣬ¥ͦȽûһϵ˶¥ָͽ˴ԣš
˯ˣֱޱô
ޱбһۣת˵Էȥ
ܸϣ߳ԺȴסޱԣѹŰȥžϮǻޱҲͷΪȣ۾ñƽʱ󼸷ֱֱ֣ؿܣ˺
Խ٣ɿĴƽȴص⣺вУ
ޱƽúȴûлشֻʣǲǺˣ
ûСʸڷϣ§ִ󾱣Ĵָһûһµظ⻬Ƥ
ޱ÷ֱ˵ȷſңǻҪȥԷ
㻹ûشҵ⡣
ޱޱСڣǻ𣿡
¥´ĸĺޱ˵㿴ںˡ
Ȼشҡִܺ֡
ޱЦãôҪ𣿡
ǳҪ
ޱΣУˣ˰ɣ
ֵܴͷȥޱĴޱëٲȥҪˣ
ֻýתǴǡ
õɣޱߣ¥˵ȰˣԺٲôˡ
¥ݿվŵĸ⻰ʣСҲˣ˵꿴ߵһ¥ݵܣȽĿҲôǺӰ
СûĸҲûʣк˵˵ǳԲˣȾˡ
ޱӦһ뷢ֲԣˮƿôˣ
һƿˮǰ迪ƿӸһʣһƿһ㡣ޱˮܾͰǰƿˣָӸһʣµĻһƿһ㡣
ڣֻʣĸյˮƿٿ𣬶ˮ
ޱſƿӣʣǺȵģ
ޱӶȣ˵ǿԺȵ𣿡
Ҳûȫ꣡
𷴲˵ҲûвǺ갡
ͦоݣޱЦˣʣôˮǻжӳԲ𣿡
ˣÿ춼ԳԵôˣְſ϶Բ꣬ϻСˮһ٣ͲһǺˣƽʱͲôǺˮ
Ϊڲȵ㣬˵ͺȲ˵뷨ŻŴǶڵʱѸٰˮɵ
ˣһ㶼ţǾжӳʳ
תӣޱֵ֪д㣬һſӵ˼˵ǰ⼸˳꣬ǡ
ĸɨһӣһڴӦá
С̴ֵ

Ϊ͵͵һˮֵֻܿŰְŴڴڵسǴŹǡ˼ʳ
Ȼˮ֮ǰҲӣȫֲ˵飬ֱϴ裬ֵƲ֡
صȺõ˴
õӻٽ𿪡
ȲĸĺΪѾ˲֣óֽҺ󣬺ܿܶǮ
ޱȥӪ꣬ȥг͹磬ӣټƽʱûͶǮǮжԼһôľ޿
˾ǮʱдšϲдšҸÿˡ
ҸĻں棬ĺֻһţмдŴ֡Բ
Ʋס˷ʣǲҪˣ
΢򶨵㣬Ҳе㶶áǵģô󣬻ǵһμôǮ
ӼģԸŵѺޱպƳٵˡ
Ǹ˼ɣ
л˵



89 뿪
ڼ, ܷż٣ޱ֯˼μͥܱתơ
ָܻȥ˰, ָԳ֣¸ǰܴ˲پ飬ʵصһҪ͵סӣֻһ, һ, ܵ, , Ҳͱջǿ, һƴ㡣
ָϾô, Ƥ񣬻͸ϱŮԿ䣬˵̵ú, Ůջķᣬ㡣
Ǹ, ̹˵ְֺ⹫
Ȼ, Ҳһݵؿ⹫Ͱְ֡
ĸЩɣƽʱںһ죬Ҳ͵һ㣬ĹŮһ˾͵㣿
ָһ, ǸŮԼˡ뵽Ѿ˵ȥֻӲͷƤ˵Ȼ, ҽһֱڽ̵С, Լûô¸, ֻһ㡣
Ҳˣĸһ֣Ƕ£ͰˣԼȥѺʰˣϳԵģʣµȫ
ϰÿ죬ţֻɹɸ㱣档
ָ˿ڳ
ĸȥ˳ҵװͰһȥһһ顣
ޱʣʲô𣿡
ȥܾһĸ˵ÿλãҪ
ޱչȥûһʣ
԰Сڵ㣬ҲһӦ𣿡ĸšüʣܲʱװһɣ
ޱԱùһϴϴõ˵˵棬ԣ
˺Ͱ㵹裬źˮshigG٤ĸŮͰм㡣
ƴĺ㣬ĸֺЦ˵϶ֵġ
ȻޱҲЩвôСģΪŮǵΪ˵䣺һɣǻһģ˵ܵġ
һ˽⣬ССڵģ϶ǿСڵ㣬һС㣡ĸ϶˵϶ģҾ˵ʱ˵ú϶ԼҲû
ޱ
Ȼάֵ棬òϣ˵ĵȷܸɳ¡
ǶޣĸŰƴĺ㿴˰죬˵ˣǸӣˣǽһһСģʣµô
ԡ
ޱͷһæ
ɱ㣬֮ǰĸݺˮžָ˵˵ʱʱ죬Ҵһͣǲôˣ
ΧָţƤŶŵæʣôˣ𣿡
ȻУôһ㣬߳ŴˮԾָŴС˵
ۣ̾⹫
ָԵãǿɲ
ĸȥˣɿºˮܳȥˮرϴֵĹŮ֪ڸʲô
ڸʲôޱʡ
ţأĸѧһΣȻ²˵ҲţƤ죡
ޱǲµġ
Ȼĸûвɷ򣬵ϳԷʱ⽫СĺЮָ˵һò׵ģԵ㡣
ָߣС㰡ģ
ָ˵ġ
û룬ֻЩɻ󣺡ǰְֵ㲻Ƕܴ𣿡
ָɫΣΧ˵дС㣬ôˣ
ûʲôҡͷֻ̲סȥָ㡣
ŮΧָ̬׼ˣЮ͵ߣע⵽Ŀ⣬ʣ㿴⹫ʲô
⹫ǿԻ𣿡Юϵ˵СС㿴úóԡ
ָ֮ãٽŵһ˵㣬Ͳˣ⹫ԼЮ
ô˵ȴûװ죬һ㶼㣡

ϴ룬ָ棬ޱĸŮ¥ʰˣָĸҲûȥˡ
ҪʰҪɣһָĸԼޱŹʱΧΧݵòϣָĸֻԴһᣬȾˣʽǶϲҲΧźë֯ǿ
ޱ׼زҪǳԵģԵҬƷ࣬ҬҬǺҬӽ
پǸֺɻǸ㣬ޱǮģټָʱģ㡣
ϺҲϺײֵǮҲҪƱټɹɵܴţޱһǰĴʡĸȹϺҲζãޱͳýǰװϴȥ
ʣµľͱȽɢˣɹɵıͺΣЩ࣬˸ָĸûȥӵġЩݵϺܳͷСĲֵǮʯȴϡװһСóȥ񶼹
ǲҶΪָȣС
ʣµǸɣΪŲ̫ãǸָĸ·ϳԵģֻһҲһ
ֻ׼Щزʱ򲻾ãޱͦˣ浽ʰʱ򣬲ӿͷ
ޱԽʰԽ̲סʣ裬Ҫּסһʱ䣿
ĸҡͷ˵סˣǴǣڼûʲô£סһʱ仹ã꣬ҪæˣֵأС
ʵĸ˵ģޱҲֻ뵽һߣԺ󻹲֪ʲôʱټ棬Ժܲټ涼⣬̲סǶסһʱ䡣
ۿ΢ĹŮĸͷĹ˵㣬ôˡ
Ҿ᲻ǡޱ˵
ĸŮ뻳Уظͷ᲻Һֺ֣γǣֻ⺢ӳˣгϢˣҪɵġȻϣߣͬʱҲϣܷɵøߣԶ
ޱſš
ĿĸܲܣιҪΪޱ
УҪĸСŮȷޱǿ⣬Ҳµĺӡ
£Ը񣬸һ͸дţݵꡣ
ϵһҹ̸Ҳĸ֪Ůȷ£ֻﲻ˵
ͨʱͼ˵Ľ̸ĸ֪˹Ůϵ¡
֪ޱϵǶʱܲ˳ھӰ£ԭ˵ĹҲˡĸ֪ŮԽԽµӣױ۴塣
ʵҲȻˣޱ˹˾Сѧ˳תĩİ༶òҲȽ
ڼͥ˵ģʱۿģȷǷ޸ܺãܹ˼ңҲڿ죬ûŮί
ˣֱڣȻ֪Ůﵽײʲô¡
û׷ʣֻޱͷ˵Һʱ򣬻Ӧֿܷ겻֪ôദʱ俴ˡС⺢裬飬أദҲʲô¶ǷޣʲôѴ˵ǲǣ
ȻޱֹסĬãһ
ĸ֪ޱһǴӦǷܣ˼ãֻ̾˿

ʱһڶ磬ܿžüգӺͺӣĸ뿪
ȻѾ޹һΣͱʱޱȻûϢغۿĸװԽԽޣǵˣҲºЦ㣿
ޱͷͱñӣűӺ̹Ȼ˵᲻
Ҳű˵ܲܲߣ
ǰģҲˡĸͷ˲۽ǣӵԴ˵ԣȽǺòã
ɻʣڲǹ𣿡
Ѿȥˡ
ðɣû̫Ҳûʱ䣬ˮ۾ʣǽ껹Ҫã
һɡ
Ŵͣǻкþá
ôᣬһʱһת۾͹ˣϲҲһ𣿡
ǵԼʲôʱϵģʱȣȻ»ǸߣŤͷʵܵܣǰ¼Ѿô𣿡һóɹȥʱֺö̡
Ȼ̫СʱҲûʲô̫ȷ˵Ǻܾˡ
ܵô˵;һʱǺܳ˵㵽shigG٤ʱһҪ
УŵʱˣǾͻȥòãĸʣȥܿˡ
һȥҲԣǸӣһ˿϶߲ˣͷʣְ裬ǿԻȥ𣿡
ޱ˵̫϶˵ְֵʱûʱ䡣
Ŷĸ˵ţҪǹְʱ䣬Ǿͻȥ
ĸЦӦ£Ҳźˣޱ۾Ҳûôˡʿ̣ϴĸ󽻴Ҹ˵Ļ㻹Ǻúÿǿǡ
ޱ˵֪ˡ
ĸµߵ̾Ϣʹ˸ɫͷָ߱˵ˣȥɡ
ޱӦǰʱһıػ˵⹫ټټ
ָĸӰʧڴſڣźܿ챻ϣʱص𣬲ʻĴ󺣡
ܺޱվڰߣֱڵ̫һϵɢһккӣǣֻؼҡ
л˵
һ


90 Уе
ĸ뿪, صޱӰѹǮ
һ˲ıѣŵʣǲǸҺ͵ܵܵѹǮ𣿡
ҲƬ̴ͣĻæͣ԰԰
ǸǵѹǮ, ͻСôǮ費ģšޱεغƭš
ӾԼߣ˵ҵѹǮҿԼŰ
СƵĵͷѽ, Ϊʲôģ֮ǰɻǮ, ҲԼŵİ, ѾĿǮˣ
, תͷʣôǮ
û𣿡ʡ
ֵ¶ܷ, Сȫ˱, Ի֮䲢Է˶ǮƽʱһȥԵҲһһ˵, Ӷˡ
ڵԼڡ˵һԳԺȺ, ȴǮ, ίûУֻëǮ
ޱ˳˵԰Ǯţ϶ûþͻ, š
죺ѹǮǣǻ𣿡
˭˵ѹǮǸǻģͼֻǸͷ, , ҵȻҪջޱ˵, ѹǮջҲΪԼãǴŵѧ˽ѧѵġ
ѧʲôʡ
ѧҪķþѧѣ͵ѧˣʱأڲʡŵ㣬ϲѧô죿
Ȼ涨Сѧ꣬ͷܵòϣСѧĺвٸѧʱֻ࣬ȻСѧĶУܲβ롣
·꣬·ݿѧ룬͵ѧУȥˡ
ϲѧǲͿһֱڼ𣿡ȫϲѧʲôá
ޱ¶Դ˵ѧԺǸϹĸλҪ㣿ûеλҪ㣬㿿ʲôǮûǮ㿿ʲôѵðһӣ
ʣ𣿡
Ȼԣ
Ϊ˶Ͼδϵ뷨ޱǿӲûѹǮ֪ԺѹǮŵѧѡ
ˣܵܵȻ⡣
ǴߴĿǮĴ󻧣ԱûѹǮûֻʣƽʱǮܻ𣿡
ޱ˵ǵͶãô
˿ҲԾοǮ

ԪһСѧͿѧˡ
ѧڴҵ⣬꼶ʦޱǴ࣬ж꼶һ໻꼶࣬ȻŶΡ
ңȻ࣬Ϊ꼶ڸ꼶ѧԸЩԿʱȻ࣬ȥȣޱĹӣҪ̰ҵؼҡ
һÿϿΣʱе㲻ˡ
ǹޱһΣΪһ죬Ϣ
֪Ϣ˻ˣСʯͷҲ˿Ȼޱ˽ٶȣ̫СˣޣŽݵ룬ó
νȻޱϿεʱڣѾˡޱѧУ׶꼶ѧڵĿαԼ
°ҲһȻǼģϾǳˣѧȺӿöࡣ
СʯͷѾ̲ˣСҲûΪǰµľȻǲ̫ϲѧϿεʱǰжˣûٶСҲСջ
ҲΪСòٿ°ҪѧޱæָֻÿȥѧУ
ޱڹûǰϣޱһĽڿΣܻǳȥڿΡ
Ҳˣûִ̫ȥѧУǣ˵Ҳֻǻ˸طˣϾϿεʱҲû̫
ޱżǻ鷳°ôӣΪεԵʣޱһ»һεͶΡ
ͶλȫУȻѧУҪʦһֱţҲһֱڰ칫ʱʱҪȥ˳֡
ΪѧУ˶࣬û취ʱ̶źӣֻܰ͵ܼңǸСʯͷһˡ
ͶνޱճѧУ˴ޣкʣǽ첻ϰ𣿡
ָָ˵Ϣҵݡ
Ϊӹ涨ŸӪϢҲҪһľڣ˾ٲ̶Ϣһĩݡ
ڵĹǵƶȣԱϢ˷ȷܴյһݡ
ֻ˴࣬ô鷢
ޱɻ󣬸ߵһ󣬾͵
ȴû̻شѹ˵ȥ㣬ʱٸ˵
ޱ̧ͷţͷӦá
˼ڲ·ڷֿߣޱȥܼҽ𣬻ؼϢһᣬʱˣϷУźȥӪ򷹡
극û̻ȥڹӪ˸λã߳Աߵܡ
ȵӪҲˣһѲȥҵޱʣʲôˣ
˼ͺü嵰ޱ˵Ŵ򿪷иӣ˫Ӹܡ
Ƽ˵ְ֣嵰óԣ
𣿡ܽӹӣЮ˿麣ü嵰ͷ˵ζǲ쳦θǲ̫ޱġ
ޱҡͷ˵ʻС
ҪȥҽԺʡ
Ӧû°ɣͺˡ˵ҽԺޱ£ˣҴѧУʱԽޣɫ̫á
ôˣʡ
ޱҡͷ֪Խ˵극ҡ
ǰֻʣüͷѵ淢ʲôˣ
ǣԽı飬Ӧòذɡޱ²˵

ߵӵʱshigG٤Ȼˣº󲻵ޱʣ߶ǰ㲻Ǹҳ⣬Ȱȥ飬ҽȰ𣿡
ޱǵ£ֻ鶼ȥüˣҲûǼжΪûȰˣ¸ˡ
⻰˼ޱʣѵǽȥˣ
ǰǰҾȥȥƴǣ˵ã⣬ֱǰڼҷ˳𣬲ɿڸȥ顣
ޱʣǼ
̾˿˵ҽ˵βӰ
ޱɫҲˣʣϲأ
ģˡ
ɴĻޱ֪ܶηӦˡ˳ĬһЦ˵ûƭǣҽ׿˵ģǰ̣ôȥ˵׼˾ûˡ
˵˵ţϵЦݵô꣬ỵ̈£˵ʲôһ̣ɡںˣôȥҪˡ
ޱ֪˵ֻĻƻǻŵģ˭֪⣬ﶼ̫ܡ
ҲΪ£˵˾ԼҲҪй
Թˣޱοҽ˵ֻҪ̣ܳþõػȥ
ҽû˵⻰ޱȻ˵ˣ͵ҽ˼ˣȰܲ˵û£Ϲˡɡ
Ҳûޱ⻰ҲɷܳþõػȥģֻϻӲܻãԺҪ̣ҾȥҪû
ޱһͷţڻᣬһûˣһ
ޱˣɴ۾Ťͷ˵ͬ־ܹϱ
ҹܲסܾ˵
ޱЦ˵Һĺ⣬ôǷ޹ϵˡ
Ƿһһͣ˵УҵĴû˵ŵĲˡ
ޱҲû˵ʣһڼû𣿡ȻŷβӰأ⣬Ϊˣ϶ܡ
ҽ˵βӰʱŻˣ־ȥ̣εʱ˾䣬˵Ͷ㣬ȻͰ̸ˡ
˵ϻȾһ˿Цûŵʱģرˣθǽʲôûôˣ鲻ãؼҳ극ͻ˯ˣҹҪ졣
ޱ˵²Ǻ£˵̸ˡ
Ҳôģֻһӣ˾͸ûһ˵𴽣ҪԺ治ˡ
Ϊ˯ˣﺢû˹ܣû泩ˣ׼ˡ
ޱӺųȥ߱˵ֲͣǵһ Ǽˡ
ҲûͶ࡭ޱû˵꣬ŵӱ˼ҳƮζθ﷭ӿסͣӸŻ¡
ͣסŲޱ֣ıʣôˣ
û£ʱθ̫ޱ˵
¶ɣȷθ̫
Ȼޱ˵꿴ϴı飬ͻȻ뵽ʲôͷҡҡͷ˵ܣ
ôܣѹ˵Լ㣬϶ûϴˣʱ˶ڶбܻ䣬ǸˡϴǴָ
ȻòܣޱֻԽ㣬Խ䡣
Żϲ£ЦޱȥѪɫﲻЩţޱޱôˣ
ޱ̧ͷѿЦݣû£Խ㣬Ҫ侲侲
ȥɣԼ߻ȥС˵ޱģֲ̫ģʣݰɡ
á
ޱ֣ųصĲصңֱ۸ס۾ɳϡ
һֱΪ꣬ٽһỳСô벻ΪڱУΪС˵ֻӡ
ڣĸ֢״кˡ
ⱲУܻϣС˵أ
УΪδѾı䣬ΪС˵ʵһʬ

ܴǰԺݣͿɳϵޱɻʣôԽأȥˣ
ޱûлشάֵס۾ɳϡ
ֱ̫ԣߵɳǰޱ֡
ʧȥֱ۵ڵˮޱǰܷʷʲôǰӿĹߵĻ˻ȥֻֽı˵ޣûµģġ
л˵



91 
ܻ޹һ, ޱ侲
ΪС˵Լһʬޣ룬С˵ġޱԼ
ȻʱС˵, Ҳϰ߽֮Ϊǰǰûоġǰǰ
һǰС˵ġޱԼ, ɴεԭŵһ, һоͶһˡ
С˵ͺһ, , źӻȥ
Ҹϵʱ, ޱС˵кܶ², ǳ̨죬ܣˤ, ҲͻȥҽԺ
̨粢ͻȻ, γɵ½ͨҪüʱ, 㹻רҷ֣ԷԼ̨ƶ켣м⡣ĵطһӿ϶һʱõϢ, ݷӦԡ
ÿ̨죬Ӷᰲ֪ܱͨ߾̨ٳ, ȻҲ⡣
ûرҪ, ޱС˵׳š
ʲôأ
·ֵ, ѧУŶˣܻҪѶǾɩסڼ̨ȥ˼Ҵţ̨ʱ·ϣ϶Ҳܾͽҵܵĵط
㲻СĿˣһ彡ĳˣǵù˼ײͷѪһĿ
ͻȥȥҽԺõúܣԴû⣬Ҳû⣬ĸƢҲúõġһļϰһȥҽԺҲڵ
ǣЩ²ⱻһһ񶨡
ֱǰԭޱԳ಻ȷڣ˴𰸡
С˵ˣ·ݵʱѾ£ǵ̥ҲԻˡ
һԻи̫׳ˣˤûҪ̨ȥҽԺҲܱ
Ȼޱã࣬С˵δ̫ҡⱲӵԣ֪ȥļʽߡ
̨ͨ˺ӣʱ岻ΪɽڼɴסҽԺȥˣҲܾͽƣΪԭ򱻵
С˵ûлУⱲзˣǾ͸ˡ
ΪС˵ӽǣûдĹȥȻεshigG٤˾飬ȥʱǱ۾ӣ֪ô˳Ӧ켣Ҳ֪ļܸı켣
СǰûеģǾһı䣬ı䣬ٵϣҲ
ˣжԲǻ£ȫؾţ˳Ȼͺá
Ȼϵ֢״ҲпֻǵƳ٣θ̫ûлС
ĻȻԭҪ²²⣬Ҳɿڶĵġ
֮¶ףķȥ룬Ǿ·õķȥ룬;
Ҫ߳һ·
뵽ޱ񣬶Գļ米˵ûˡ
ɿĹͷȥ۾ͨ죬δɣɫЩ԰ףȷȸղź˵㡣
ܴӿڴóδɵᣬʱʣܸҷʲô𣿡
ޱ򴽣ûлش
ɫؿޱޱ֪ôˣ֪ôο㡣޲ߡ
ޱѾӿ
ͷסȴ֪ô˵
ͨദޱС˵£û취ȫţҲŰˡŷ֡
֮أ
˱ſֻš
ޱ̧ͷ˵Բû취㷢ʲô
Ƭ̺ҡͷ˵ûϵҿԵ㵽˵һ졣
ָޱüë촽۾ס΢׵Ƥˡ
ޱͻȻ˹ƿܣЬ߽ԡңĵƿӡ
ֻǵճĹɫģֻ谵Ӹʲôޱֻתͷű߿ܣĺǲǺܳ󣿡
һף󣬡ҡͷǿſͰ͵ģۡ
ޱ۾ĶͣӾ￴˵ܣٸҵʱɡܻ𰸵ġ
ܿ˵á

ޱ޹󣬷ܱøճˣӺ˯źصԣͰŵױ̨ǰ뿴ޱѩࡣ
ޱÿβѩ࣬ϰְĦһԱ߶ţеȥʣʲô
㡣ܻشú̹
ʲôÿģ
Цʣﶼÿô죿
ޱ
ܾ˵Ӧý
һ𣿡ޱĦˣͷʼͷ
վӹӣһؽ˵⣬ĵġ
УޱЦһۣ㡣
ܸæͣסﶯʣʹ
ޱ˵һۣã㣬ͷˣסᡣ
ܹ𴽽ǣͷм仹˰ͷ˵ͷв࣬ñô죿
Ҳ㡣
ܻش˵ǣͨͷ󣬼ӡͷĶȻôӣۿɼ衣
Ȼޱһθͷķϣܰݣžͷ϶ŵĴֱӣĬˡ
ûвҸоʮãޱϵͷʣɣ
ޱͷЦ˵ͦá
ϣöӳȥˣھҪˣ
۲Ϊޱ뿪ױ̨ɵϣ۾˲ˡ
ֻǵ˴Ϻճޱ֣
ޱֱϣҪĿӣŰס˵ҿˡ
ܱƬ̿հף˻ŶסĿʣʲô
ޱִܺ󾱣Լ˵ҿܻˣԣŶ
ܺ΢кӶͷ޽ǻ䣬ãһԼȷǲбУ
ȷѾûˣ⼸ŵζܡڱУֻǼС㣬ȫỳϡޱ˵
ޱΪʱ̣ÿµʱ䲢̶һ˺û¾
Ųζ£ȻһΪǳθãϾһֱС
˭֪
ޱʣ㲻𣿡
Ȼޱ˵ôҪӣͬˣүԸһӣﵱȻˡ
ʱ֪Ϣһ죬죬Сʱֵñޱ
ڣֻĥ˵ˡ
Ŷĸһ㶼ءޱЦҲ硣
ܲͷǼıǼ⣬ɳʣǲǹģ
ʲô
ҧĴ˵ʱ¡
ޱϣ˵̫ˣû˵ĻᡣʣҪҪȥһ¡
ҽ
ޱ۾ڿЮʣ㲻ºӡ£
û˵꣬־ͱ˹ȥȻֻʣʱ٣ʱ滺ĺ

ڶԹ緹ޱܰ͵ܼңг°ðæտȥ˾ҽԺ顣
Щ˴ʱ䣬ҽԼ˻ȥϺӣȥӪ˶ٷ
Ϊܸ˵ޱ岻ҪȥҽԺ£رԣȥӪ·ϣ˵Ҫޱ·Ϊƽʱ̫ѣܲģؾܾԷޱ
ޱЦãûҲһˣô𣿡
ţʲôʱˣܲϣ˦ӣҪΪ˷·ıײ㡣
磬ҽԺƣҽʱޱȫˣ룺
ţǣ
л˵
һ


92 ϲ
ϲ
ҽ, ΪŶŵǿҲˣæʣ˵˼𣿡
ȻѾһˡҽЦ
ҽԺҽǾҽ, ҲסڼҽǱߣΪæסԶľɩûʲô
û°߷żٳҲ˸ҽޱȻ̸Ϥ, ȴҲİ
뵽ƽʱ, ˱ͦ, , ٿʱ, üۼż, ʳҲ͸ɵҽ̲סЦҲǵһкӣô㻹ôţ
ޱޱ˫̥ʱϼ, յŲ֪¡˵ţޱ֡
ҽȻ, Ǿ˼ͥ, ޱⶼõģﺢĸһζߵĶС
ޱܵ, Լĵ£ҽܿһǵ̥˫̥𣿡
ӽӦǵ̥, ҽ֪ޱ֮ǰ˫̥, Ϊϣһ̥Ҳ, 㲹˵·Сûô׼ȷ¸ٲһξ;shigG٤׼ˡ
ޱʱͻСûʲôӦֻƳ١ʱᣬڱڻ׼дĸǸǲǺܾûˣ˵һֱȥҽԺʱ򣬻Ѿˡ
Ϊĸ˹Ůһͨ˵̫ԼûвԾ֪
ˣޱȻ˫̥ȴܲ׼ҽĻľҲ˵Ҫ¸²֪
õȵ¸̫ãµ׿һΣʱ̥ȶˣҲ׼ȷġҽ˵ֻǻºͺ£ҽÿһμ顣
Ȼҽô飬ﲢޱܱʲôڴ
ʮҽ˻ڼûҽԺţҽţѲû취żæ͵ҽԺи
ԶĲ˵ϸ£ͽ˸иԷǻгҽԺģΪ಻ǺܺãǴμסԺ۲켸죬û⣬İ᲻Ǯ˵ҽŻ˵ģŹҽҩȥš
ȻҽҽôҲˣȰס͸ҩһ䣬ҽԺ飬Ҳܼʱ֡
Զ׼ǴιûҽԺǹӰټʱǹǴѪ͹ġ󲻵ûסǹԺ뻳Ҳˡ
Ȼǹܱߴˣũ廷иҪţûҽʶسˣмЩɩҲҽԺûȰ˵мĻ¡
ʱ䳤ˣҲЩĻ䣬ֻϾҽй£ýĻǵýһ¡
ޱʱҲûô飬һλУµʱȥһΣȥҽԺǷҪʱ
ʵĸǴޱǰסҽԺģΪҪϰֲ࣬ڼңޱ˼û˳¡
ֻǼƻϲϱ仯ȥҽԺǰһ죬ޱˡ
ÿգź趼ڣ޷ĳԺҲвˣ˽ֳʱ͵ҽԺŵ˳
Ȼǰûйκޱϧúܣҽģ˵¸顣
ҽԣЦݵǶ˼ģá

Ϊҽ˵ˮикôԻؼǰޱȥ˹磬ˮȥ
㹩ûʲôˣˮ̨վŵһ̧ͷͿǣ¶Цʣôˣ
ޱܳͬˣͨޱȿڴкҲ˵øֻ࣬ż弸䡣
Ҳˣޱߵ̨ǰ˵ˮ첻Ϣ
Ϣˣˣ
ޱЦΪϢǱȽɵģֻҪԱԼԸ⣬Ҳܵ춼С
ҽ͵ϰ°࣬ⲻס˵ߴޱ
ϴޱҳһֱȻޱ˵Լû£ô룬ޱģǳ˴¡
°ȥޱ￴ȴû뵽Լ˹磬Ҳûˡ
ٿޱñеĴ硣Ϊû̫ҲûôңȥԶطޱҲôñӡ
뵽ʣǸղȥˣ
Ȼʯлǰ²˵ϰףûôϣޱʱҲûѣֻҪ˵С
ټͲµˣޱûţմҽԺ
ޱϴЦҲ
˵ǰҪµʱҲûޱԸ⣬ôǸӦ϶̫ϲˣһʱûӦʧˡ
һϲ£ʧضϲԽޱȴɫ԰ףû룬Ҳ벻ͨ
ޱʱʲô飬ֻҪǷںúõľ͹ˡ
·ݵˮ಻࣬ˮķǣ಻գſھ
ޱһͷ󣬸æ˵ͣ㽶ݮָ˵Ͳݮţôһһ롣
˵ǳԲҰԲ
ޱԲһҪӣԼ˵ĳơ
ˮȥܼҽӺӡ
ܼҺ󣬵Ʒǵһ仰ǣҽô˵
ʵǲޱȥҽԺʲôʲôô׼ûΪ̫ɣһۣһЦ
ޱһ칷˵ҽ˵ͦõġ
Ƴһ˴죬ܽʣҽ˵ʲô𣿡
ԶԣҪ˵
ʵûǡ
ΪͲµˣޱ΢ʾһ¾͹ˣƷʲôҪޱ˵
˵ܾùֺģޱеԥ
ޱúܲãסϱ˵ޱޱˡ
Ʒͬϲģ
ţѾһˡ촽ȴƽҫ˼ڶڲס
һ㣬ʣǰеİɣ
ޱͷǡ
ܽЦűԹҲǣʱֻ˵ҪȥҽԺ飬ǻΪôˣ˴졣
ûҲõﲻǡܽ˵
˵ŻӺԺˣְ裬Ӷһϲ˹ϰԵ˽ޱ
ܿæ޶Լ
ֻǰһתԱۣͷְָסˣº۾һʣְô쵽ģ
ʲô

˵ŴܻҪޱһֱ§ֺǺǵ˵һҪҪܻȥ
û˵Ժ˽軳
ŤͷŰְֵĴɻʣΪʲô
ΪΣա
˵ǰҲ˽軳ﰡʱҲûð
ܰ˵ǰǰڡ
Ϊʲôǰԣڲԣǲס
˵֪϶ΪˣԺ󲻿
ŴͣŤͷޱ㲡ú𣿡
ûۿ죬ޱæ˵Сˡ
ֹסᣬϵɻȴûм٣ΪʲôСҾͲܱˣ
ܾ˵ǲܱǲղ˹ײĶӣΣա
ŰְĻԼǵ˼ĿޱϣʣС𣿡
ҲչޱĶӣСʲôûоΪʲôʲôû
ĻǹЦƽ˵ڷʲôȹӴСᶯˣǾ
ԭ
ӻȻʣСʲôʱshigG٤
ŻҪˡŸ¡ޱ˵
ʧҪôð
ޱ˵ҪôõģǵҲôá
ԣʱһԾҲ
ȻȻôģ
ǲ˵ͳ𣿡
ޱЦʣô
գ۾һ޹˵Ѿ˼ôӵˡ
ѸٽԼ£ڱȽϹĵǵܻܵá
ԣЦʣҪܻܵã
˵Ҫá
Ϊʲôܽʡ
СĺӣŮӾ·ɾҲģкͲһˣüܹű飬˵Ϊøɾܵܡɾ
ĻСʯͷɵͷ˿ԼĬĬذֱϵĻҡ
ǿɲ뱻ܵ/С
л˵

PS:Ԥ~
ǿ󶨵Ļ
ͯǳʮ걬죬ʮõеһӰ󽱱ʮţʮɷǧڣԸƧĶҲ̸ߴһٰˡ
ܿɷһͯӣӮеӮҡ
ԼҲôΪģֱ
[ѹֶ˵Ůĺ룬ֻŵʱã˳û£ʹŲļˣ̣ǧڲƲ̳ˣȴĥ˻С~]
[ǰĻ᲻˵ǿңʱֶȲܵ𣡣]
[õķ룬꣬ôܼʺ磬ûз裬ôᣬʹİԵôŮꣿ]
[ȷǻꣿӣ]
ԣɷٸļ޴ĥķ裿ҶǱܴĥ۳ǿҰԵ
õģ˽ˡ
*
е֣
ðְÿﹲ°࣬˵ҪΪ̼ŷųһ
ȻҪÿ챳аٰ˳ܣһʣطΪ٣ΥҼΪܣɼסˣ

һǸӰ


93 ѯ
ƫ, СԱûʲôرƫˣһҪ, رĻ
仰˵ҪСܡ
˵ĵܵҪܸһ棬СܣͶޱСûʲôȤˡ
ֻܵؼҺ̫ޱߴ, ˵, ӦҲÿ, ˿Цá
һο, Ѹ˿, ޱ̲ס˵㲻ôš
û̷Ӧ, ʣʲô
ޱ˵˵㲻ңĴûйϵ, ֻҪƽʱ̫, Ӳס㡣
վԭ, Ļʣ˵ҿ裬ǲ裬
ߵޱǰ, ˻صĲԶλãޱ, ûͣס˽Ų
ޱͷ, 
һ, ͵°ͣޱסֱۣ˦˵ղŶǰְû˵Ȼˡ
ޱͣţְְ֡
ǵϴصݣľĸһ˵ĳĸܻװԣȥʱһգ۾ղ˵Ĳһ
ܣ
ĬĸһԳԵЦ
ܲǼƽϣԡҶҺˮ˽ԡңǵ·Ǹɾֳȥ·
ΪӸͷڵ̫죬ͥޣ·걣ڣÿϴ趼ֱӴɹɵ·
·ֹӵģľװޱȹӶڡ
·û·ֱ¥ǷŵɳϷţ·ʱʣ𣿡
ҪӸʲôޱ߳㽶ʡ
ӣҲڵʱ㻹Ҫȥ·ҳӵ·ŵһ˵
Ǽҵڳ¥Ȼ˸ǳʱ¥ݣ¶¥ݣ컹ãʪԼڼҵʱޱ·ˤˡ
һ˵ޱҲ뵽ԣ˵֮ǰӣ֪ˣҰɡ˵Ŵ򿪿룬
ֻǿ񷭱ˣޱҲûӣܻȥ˳Ҳǿյģʣȷӣ
֮ǰȷģڡޱε˵̫ȷˡ
˵Ҵȥ翴ɡ
ޱ㽶Ƥ˵ȥɣȺϴ깩Ҫˡ
ֿ̧ʱ䣺Ӧòᣬҽϴ㡣ӵ·߽ԡʣϴû
ǲܺõģëˣ˳ޣʪһ飬ȴɵúܡǴͷʪ˽šʪġ
̰ܽ£ҲŸտʼϴ
ܳ˵Ǿ͸Ͻӡ
໽лøˣëɿţϴ
ϴԣܶϰˣû˼ֱֻһһΡ
ʮ룬ܷʮšˡ
ԡֻʣĽлһͷûϴһƨûϴŵޱû
ֲ֣ʱһӼϳһë˵
ʱץˮƽʱһӸˮļзվߵְǰӹë
գܵĴߴ£ʮϴ贩·
ȥܼʰԡңȥޱ˵ȥӣһϣȥ̫ʪˡ
ޱ˵Ҹһȥɡ
ãŹȥܿͻˡܴ򿪶񣬴淭Ǯȥ
ȳ˼ţܶӰܿʧ
ޱתصΧŲ輸㽶˵ÿֻܳһһûע⣬Ӱʣµ㽶ˣҹֶӡ
֪
ֵ˵һ㣬һ㡣

ޱƽʱӼҪ߰˷ӣܹȥҾ͵ˡ
ߵʮ绹ûţҲûʲô˿ˣֻʣۻԱ㶫ſͷ˵˷׷׿
ȿڵĻҪʲôôڹ
˵ӡ
Ʒ̨ۻԱ˵Ҫʲôӣ
·õġ˵
ƣǼҲӸʲô
֮ǰڳ¥ϣȫԺ·ܱ˵ѡۻԱóӣѡֵָģס
ҪôۻԱʡ
˵ıá
ۻԱǮٿƱƱùҵȯȷûshigG٤⣬ſʼӡ
úۻԱüһⵥˡ
õӺû뿪ߵˮ̨ǰʣԽ𣿡
ûаôˣʡ
е㡣
˿ͬ˵ҼӰɣǳȥ˵
ȥ㡣
Ӧͷ׼ˣȴ߹̨ۻԱʣڸӪʲô°
֪ӦΪޱ
ޱôˣ
첻ȥҽԺ𣿿Ϊ°ɡ˵ţ̧ͷվſڵӰֻۣˡ
˰˵ͬһȥΪ£ŵĹͽ˱ˣԼˡ
ܲ˵ʲôȴǵ֧ˣ빩΢Զ㣬ȷΧûˣͱ⣺Խ㣬ҪޱޱʱЩʲô
Ȼ
룬ȴû̻شʵʲô𣿡
ȷһЩ£뿪ޱޱصҿ޵úʲô£ϸңǶЩʲô
ȻޱʧغѸٵ˹Ҳ˵Ҫǣʱԭ򡣵ĵǲû˼٣ֻǿޱ״̬ã
˸ղŽ󿴵ܾޱЩʲôȻܸ𰸣ܱһĨںõ㡣
Щûʲôˣôһ˵־ܴ
ֲ֪ò˵ҪǱޱʵģһ˵ãǷܣʹˡ
ԥʣޱޱû˵޵ԭ𣿡
ҡͷ˵Ҫһʱ䣬ʱҴ𰸡
ô˵ģʣƭġ
治ɫԽ㲻ţԼȥޱޱ
ޱϵٺãҲϾˣôЩ¡
ܵĻҲɰʵ׵̬ȣĬƬ˵ʵûʲôһ߳ȥ治֪ļ˺㣬ζƮˣޱޱܣҿģˣͶ˾䡣
ʣʲô
ôˣ˵θ̫Ҿ˵ȷθ̫Ⱥܿ϶뵽˻棬ɫͲ̫ˣ˵ʲôܣҾ˵ԼӣȻ͡
ôˣ
ɫͰˡ
ʵҲ벻ͨޱΪʲô뵽лѪɫǰæҲ䣺Ҿޱޱʱ̫ˣһûиʽʲôţԣϲҾޱޱ϶Ҳ
ܾãޱʱ״̬˵ϲ˵ʹûзĲ²⣬˳Ļ˵Ӧǰɡ
ɫѾûʲô·ƣֻ¹ܵȻʱ˵ܰŸܻɣǴ죬Ҳʲô顣
ȻöˣֻϿĲ²⣬Ц˵ǰҿͲˣޱޱǻһֻ˫̥
˵ļһҽ˵·ǳȫ׼ȷ¸ҪٲһΡ
һãϴޱޱ˵ϣһӣһ̫塣
ޱҽ⣬ͷ˵ҲϣεĽ׼ġ
˵䣬Ѿߵ·ڣΪʵܶˣҲõ˴𰸣͸л͸ֿˣȥ
ʱޱɳϳԲݮתͷʣˣ輸ϵʣ𣿡
Ӧߵݮ𡣡
ȻЩɶҾѡġޱ˵ӣȤʣ㲻ȥĹôôãܵٶ𣿡
ᵽԼԵһȦ̧ͷǿܲܿģ
ǣݵС˾㣬Ļޱ̧ͷܣǰɣС֣
ܣǣС衣
ǵĳƺʣʲô
վͦ˵ҵܵܣȻСܰ
ޱܣ˵ֻˡ
л˵
һ


94 
֪ǰ, ޱֻŵζʱе㷸ģӦ󡣵Ƚ, ķӦʹȫŲζԷմ㶼Ż
ڲˣϢ٣໹, Ҫڼ, ܴµ극
ȥӪ, Ҳű, иܺͺǷֿ, м⼦ͳ, ûоͳȫء
ʱܣҲ˵ԼҪԺˣءûƱʱ˵, Ʊʱޱһ㶼Ǵģڳ, Ӫøϡ
ҲڷޱӪ, ܳԼܱߴʶˣжԷϵ˼˼, Ǯ鷳ǶڹӦ
ǣޱĸܿˮ󵰣ϼӡ
˼, Ǽ˼żŪֻѼ, Ȼ, ԼģͷһֻףµļǮټϼѼжģ᲻öɱһֻ
һӼʮ˼ң˼ѼһֻһֻҲˡ
ҪѼûôƵһ¾һֻٶӰͲˣޱеԭڣͷҲ˵
һһֻ֣ҼѼũƷֻҪߣҲôࡣͷũѰͷҲԸǵ·ȫ
ˣȻޱΪڷӦòʣȴ˸һʱԿԲЩ
ڶȥҽԺʱҽЦ˵˾䣺ʳ
ޱ
ޱʱʲôû˵ȥȴվھǰãʱʱܣĳ˺ܶ𣿡
ҡͷûУպáޱϸ೤Ҳûϵ
Ȼ˵ûУⲹǾ仰ޱûеͬУʱǲ𣿡
ܣӦûðɣʱҲ˵⣿
Ǻڲų⡣
ʱǰأԻų˵㡣ҾǺڣҲ࣬ҲûЩ̥Ĵ١ҲΪˣͷͬСܶࡣ
λǵ̥¾ֵôˣԻǵóʲô
ʵڼ䳤Ҳûʲôޱµ꺢Ӻݲ
ǰӵʱûô֣ݵҲ죬ʱ֪ǳ̫ãʹ³´лûô죬ڼֳһ룬Ҳû
ޱԽԼԼ֡
źӣҲʲôԣ⺢ͷСϣ彡
ǹޱÿ󣬸ԼӰСʱľshigG٤ɢʱ䡣
ǰޱ극󻹻ᶯһк˶û취ϿΣݣʱϸɣˡ
ޱãҪֵףֱС
ޱ˶ܲ˫˫޳ɣʵжʾ֧֣Թ͸ϱˣҲæϡ
ڷɢ³Ϊµļͥ֮ʣյˡ
ͷʵ̫עգܹһ£СһӼԾͲġ
ȥҲһһ˼嵰ޱһ˸һëǮȥʳԡ
ӶԣȥѾңԶˣѾǲ̫ȥʱʲôǶûʲô
ˣޱ˵ҪǹյʱûʲôرӦʣʲô
ޱ˵վڣÿʱ򣬼˶æףһ¡
ΪְҸףܶʵ˼۾һʣף𣿡
Ȼޱͷ
ʣôף
ǿСѵ棬ҪֻҪְ֣ᾡǡ
Ҫʲôﶼ𣿡Ʋסϲʡ
ʣһҪǶ𣿡
ԲƷǿҪ󣬵֣ܵһףյȨʱǵõֻһ˼
ǼĻʳʯǻǿ˺ܶ࣬ҪݵϺḻӦ׼øߣټϼѼͼĹӦֻҪֳ˽첻ˣüƻÿմȲ⡣
ټޱк˹̶ͼӵͱˣ˼˵ɲף
ˣõޱľӣͷȴҪˡ
Ҳ˷գ˵ˣһֻһΣһΣֻܵȵˡ
ȻʱȻǺи֪һǳǳ
յǰúҪʲô
ֻҪʵ̫ˣ벻ϿΣԺööóԵģҪߣȥ桭Ҫʵ̫ˣһʱ֮Ծ񰡣
ץü죬Էôˡ
ֵܻܿܵǺƽʱһһ㶼żͳϿΣǳȥʱʣҪʲô𣿡
ˡ
Ҫʲô
˵Ҫһƴͼ֮ǰƴͼƴ˺ö飬ˡ
ͱƴͼʱͼǴҵġ
Ҿ֪ĸƬܿƴˣûô档Сʲôгɾ͸Уֻ֮ܽΪ治档
˵Ҿһƴã氡
һƴͼʱΪôƴҪˡŵܵƴˣԼҲܰƴͼƴŲϷȤζ
ˣǺܵܵ뷨
ҲǺ뷨ƴôΣ۾˵ܰƴͼƴôأ
ûи£תƻʣҪʲô
ҪĺöడʱָͷܵȻʣѡʲôȽϺã
߰ɡ˵
Ϊʲô
˵벻ϿΣ϶˵Ҫ̫֣ʱǾ͹
Ȼ򣺡ŶĺܲϿΰ
ÿɵӵŸ磺ˣҪϿΣ軹Ǿ͹ˡ㻹Ҫᣬɵ
û˵ȻСǺǿء
ðɣֺ̾ܿ񣬡ҿԸ˵ԺöóԵ𣿡
ְÿףöóԵģǹգ϶ҲóԵİ軹ǽС棬϶׼óԵģ㻹ҪԵģ˷ҪĻ𣿡
ֻȻ򣬼ʣȥأ
ְÿδǳȥ棬ȥɽȥߣǶȥ
Ȼ򣬸˵˵ҾˣҲҪߣ
ȷˣɵġ

ȷҪߺ󣬵ϣ͸ޱ𰸡
ò˵ޱе㾪ȣȵĲҪƴͼȻûЩпյҪҲѡߡ
ޱʣȷҪߣ
ͷǿҪƴͼ֮ǰĸ󣡡
æͣҲҪĳ֮ǰģ
ޱˣҪʲôֵ϶ѵģûЩĹҪοЦ˵ԴӦǣ﹩ûиƴͼͳõȰְȥ˲֪ûеĻǿԿǻһߵȰְ򵽸ƴͼͳ
ԥ˵һҪƴͼ
е㶯ҡ뻻ɱģ̬ܵȼᶨ뵽ܵܰķǱҪϵģóԵܻеģȥҲлģԥ˵ǡҲҪߡ
Ӵ⣬գޱͺܴźȥ
ޱǲӵģҪеظвźá
˵ȻҪѡϲģǻصǿεҪһǿžôȴòͲ̫ˡ
ޱ˵ҲеʹӴϡ
ޱûӣȥ﹩ѡ¡
ıӸ˸ˣǸ˹ͷϱQҹ˯ڶ˫˫
ޱвǣֻʹɱﵣٲûŶ
͵ߺҵĳ˻ȥ
ޱ

Ϊֵټ״Ƶ鵢飬ǵĳʱԤСʱøз
֮ǰһòֽһоҪĸƴͼ
Ҫľͷ߳ûиģһ߳һ泵Ƥ߽γһ۾ͿˣץסޱֺҪ
ֻһּǮһֻ֮ǰľͷ߳ЩԲҪƱ۸Ҳˡ߳Ͳһˣȫ泵Ƥģ۸Ҫҵȯ
ޱһ㣬̲ס˵
û軰˼˵ΪҴ
ޱ
㲻ֹǮ
ҪǴӦ˸ټѾǷĹҵȯޱ治뻨ôǮСӵߡ
ڴĿ⣬ޱһҧһţװǮƱİ˵ȥǮ۲Ϊ
ȻܸǮʱޱûȥǮǮʱ̲סʣµǮȯ
ޱֻʣһͷһֻһգshigG٤Ҫٶأûˣ
л˵



95 ׼
յ, ޱ׼һòˣҲУȥг˵Ϻз, ġ
Ϻзޱûٽʢ˴򷹣, кСǡ
˵С, ʵʼԼ, ܹҲ߸ӡ
߸ĸ, ޱȷϺ, ǲŵͷϵġ
Ըƫ, ϼҵʱѻȸúãűɵġ
ޱʱ, ĽѹѵõϿ, Żᱻ
ԸȽϰԵ, ѵı׼Ҫϴ֡СӵҲǺģǾϴ, ҲԸҿ߸׳Ĵӡ
ֻһĺӾͲ࣬ͷͬ亢в㰫ŵȫ, ߾е㲻ˡʱ, Ըϴ޼
Ҳ, Ͽһˣʶ˲ˣСȻû׳
Եޱ˵ǿϵõСԷʱҲֻСʯͷ֣һûУҪ˵ıˡ
Ȼޱ֪٣ƽʱҲȫС棬Ҳû롣
ֱʱ˿̣֪СʯͷֵѶ
СʱȻ࣬һ߰˸ֻѧѧ˵ļˣɢˡ
Сʱ򶼲硣
ʵҲǷҪӽѣֻϣ΢һ½Ȧʶ˶û
ˣޱָȷ˺ü飬˵վҪֵĲź棬̫ˡ
̬Ȼѡ޿޲ɡ
Ǹֵģ˵֣һСŮ𣬱꣬ǰΪסԶӼûʲô
ȥ¼ȥԷǹϵõļҶȫҳǾʶˡΪӴ٣ͷСӣʱд˴Żǿһ棬ô磬ҲûΪѡ
ΨһСģҲʱʱ棬ΪǺܵܣΪ˲ˡ
գ뵽˻
پǱһɩҵĺӣɳʶģƵദǢ
ʣޱģһѧֵü꣬Ը񲻴˵һҲѧУʦĺӣֵһûѧȴѧУ͵һ档
Ȼտʼû뵽ǣޱӶûԣͰ˶ˡ
ǵ˺ҪдȻСѣ࣬һ˾дĸӡ
˲ϵʱ𻹿ԶϣȻٵ㣬˵ϣСѶܱס˵С
óԼеߣе顢ӡƴͼľͷȣ֮ûޱ¸ģΪûĻڣﻹء
ó߾͹ˣֳΧǳãÿӿܸˡ
ҲһȻǰ˵ŲҪô˸ףգ浽ʱ˶Ц۾
ҲΪǹ棬ԺǳԷܷޱһ
ȿϵĲ˺󣬺Ǿ͹˲ˣȻټͥӶ̫ЩҲÿ춼ܳġ
οޱ׼ˣекʣȫ޷ֿ
ȻܲǶޱףտ֡ףտֺ󣬷׷׷Ŀӡ
Ҳкʣףտ֡ô
ޱʣм˲ᳪ׸裿ӷ׷׾ֵ֣
ޱסˣӡ׸贫ͦģѧУȻûн̣СͻᳪˡǰĺӶȽСûҲ
ޱ˵ȳһ
ͷƣҪҪ
Ļ¥ߵܳ¥ʱġһ¥Ѹٷߣ߳Χۡ
Ҳһڴؿޱ
ޱǵҲô
ޱ裬ϴοҲգǿܲǵˣԵʱӶ˵֪ףտ֡ô
ô˵Ҳûô˵Ļ˱ô˿ţоѹɽԼߵҲԼɤ̫Ŵ̶
׸㹻ϿڣȻܶûѶȵġ
ޱ󣬺ǷңرǺȲǹƣޱΪԼһҹ֮ˡ
ûôҲƣ΢Цؿޱ
ټޱҲûãЩԵãϵı飬ȴе㲻˼ͷһ˵׸ôҳһ䣬Ǹһ䣬òã
룺ã
ޱ̧ͷһܣֵͷɤӳףտ֣
ѸٸϣȻǰᳪ׸ʼ򵥣Ǹղһ飬ССʯͷҲܸѧ߰˰ˡ
һ׸質꣬ޱͷƣףտ֣Զģ
ǸŹƺףտ֣Զģ
ֵվױʾл¶ˣ˵лл߹ơ
£ޱʹ˸ɫתȽݸ
ޱ˫ֽӹ˵Ϊ׼ĵһϣԺҸ֣ҲϣԺÿһ꣬趼ܸ׼
˵ޱЩڣǰͺܶһ̫գԼôҲûǹա
ֱǸΣԴʱһѵžź벹ȡ
ｻӵʱޱԵϣһ͸ǵһҲһ
ϣԺ꣬Ϊ׼ǹա
ޱ뷨Ӳֻһ̫Ҹˣ
˵ҲϣԺÿһ꣬ÿһ궼ܹգ
ѡеƴͼֻ̫б̽ͷ˵ҲǣϣְԶһ𣡡
СûôԣСû˵ĻôֻǺĽõ
Ҳհ

Сգȴûա
Ϻ˯ʱͻȻʣ裬컹Թ𣿡
첻ǲŹ𣿡ޱŹʡ
ڴֱסϥǣʣգͲܹ𣿲ףü𣿡
ףü죿ޱúЦ˴ԴʣshigG٤ôأ
ĸ׹ղŷһ٣ãſھףü졣
û軰˼˵ûô찡ҪгҲϷɵĺ
С˵ǲܹĨǣޱֱ˵ҵ˼ǣնֻףһ죬㻹գɡ
Һ͵ܵ˰ˣǹգˣҲӦù𣿡
ޱǷˣڳа˵ʱر⡣
ҪεʱŬ˼ľ˵ڵĽȣҲΡ
ޱʣ֪ѧϰûݾģҪҲߣԭôѧֵĲڶºзˣˡ
ޱţʣҪҪʱնôģ
ôģ
棬ӼҪ𣿡
Ҫˡ
ŶƿԵģޱ̹ˣӺ˯Żݺֹһÿ
ͦܵͷͣ˵ģղͰ׼׼С
ޱΪԼˣͷʣʲô
۾·գò˰ɣ
ޱ
ãչģûûˣ
л˵
һ


96 ֱ
ޱԹ鱧Թ, Ǿĸ׼
ûкô֣ʺ˭ʱǻ˵Сʯͷ, ܾ͸ˣһֶ˵
ðɣʵҲûôңҪʹˣûСô, ֲ, ôٴ, ֻһԶٷ
ǳ, ô, ޱȻ, ķϡ
﷽ܿɱ޶ˣޱúԼҪʲôǾˡȥ, Ҳû飬󷽷, ̫, ûޱ
ܾͷ˶ˣʱ˵ϲģԼѡֵ׼ʱ, ͻ۵˵ҪظУоϲ
ޱ˾˵Ҫ׼㲻ϲô죿
һȵ˵ʲô, ֻҪ㾫׼, Ҷϲ
ޱ˵ˡ
ղڷ, ޱҲˮǽе˵¸ʮžǰְֵգҪʲô𣿡
󾪣ǻҪְ𣿡
ޱ𾪣ְֺһΪ׼ô˰ְգǲʾʾ𣿲ְֵֹգյʱҲڴյǵŶ˵Ҳɣһӵȫյˡ
ɡûǮͰ͵˵
ޱ˵ûϵﲻڹأǵ⣬ֻҪǾ׼ģǮְҲˡ
˵ˣС˵ǡǺðɡ
ö㣬ʣְҲһ𣿡
ޱָͷҡҡ˵ְѮգ³գԲһŶ
Һ͸һְ׼𣿡ʡ
ޱʹļ׵ؿǰӣְֻǹϣõÿ͵ǾͲԸ⣬͵𣿡
Ȼгͬ˵ĳһ棬ϾСżǺܺúƵġ
ڣ˱ޱʵɫظ˵ģһرررĵظͰְ׼ģ
̬ҲæϣҲǡ
ޱ΢΢һЦǰְ͵׼
ͷתͷǾץҪʲôְأ

Ϊְֵǰ棬ȷյǸְֵ
ڤ˼ü죬û뵽ʲô˸ޱһѡȥܡ
ޱΪܲ˵Ȼ˵ֻҪǾ׼ģһ仨һ֧裬ְֶˡ
Ȼʽû䣬˼ɲԶˡ
ޱ˵һε˵Ǳʲô
ޱ
ޱƿԣܹʣûˣ׼𣿡
ˡ
ʲô
ޱбһܣ㲻˵Ҫϲ𣿵Űɣ

յǹգǵȥӪϲܻ
ޱ絹ûΣڹӪųԣ˯ξͿʼ׼
׼ĲɫûʱḻһΣ鲻ʱȥˡ
絹ʱˣƷӦվˣгҲòˣʣŹǣһ⣬е󳦡
ޱû󳦣ȻڷӦûǰ´ˣζأϴʱԼ£ֱӰԲ
ϻ˾ǴŹǺཷ⣬Ŷޱ̯żҲϺףزˡ
ܲºڴصϱӸո衣
ոûʲôϴεôຢӵ棬ޱû
ֻЩ°ɣ˲£ڣڴˣײ˼°ȻؿеŲڣ˵ֲʲôҪգͲո˰ɣ
ܲ˵㶼ˣҽʮ塣Ҳ˰ɡ
ޱ˵ջûء
Ҹ㳪һϡܿºڡ
С
Ϊһո裬ޱƴˣӳտʼе㲻˼ųţ˾ˣ֣ҡҰڵġ
΢Цؿǣˡ
ո裬ҪͰְڴصţȻȵһšµĵ顣
ܱ齩סǣ
ϲĵ飬ְҪպŶΪͻҪԣ˵֡
ܣá
͸ȣͿ׶ˣһµıʼǱдĺôˣش﷭
ڴĻޱ͵յ͵̧ͷޱȥ
ޱԼóݸʱ˵Цҡ
˵⻰ãһ˵⻰ܶ͸ڴˣЦ˵ģҿ϶Ц㡣
Ҫ˵ʽޱ͵ģлֽţ滹ϵ˸ɫ˿
ܽӹ˿ǳЦʣװʲô
Լ
ܱȥĺӣӲ󣬴žôָָ֮䣬Ҳָҡ
ֽܱ߲ʣѵǱʣ
ޱ齩ס
ǱʣüЩ̫⣬ֻб𣿡
ޱظԼµġ
ģ˴𰸣Ŷбġ
𿪻ֽȻװֱʵĺӣ㲻ϺܸߵҲͨټ۸ͨ
ȻͨǱʸ˶Ŀ֡
Z &amp; L
ЩݣȥЧܺãֻZLܲ³ʲô˼мľshigG٤&amp;Ͳ̫ˣ͵ޱǰʣʲô˼
ܶޱ̵ֺ⣬Լȴûۿ̫ˡ
Ȼ뿴ޱƳһۣ˵͵˼
ҿҲû&amp;ʲô֪֮ޱкܶϡŹֵ뷨ûԺǣܺޱ
ʵ̡ףƽϲִ֡յľӣֺֿ̫ˡ
Ҹֱ֮ǰͬʯģ﹩ûֻһ֧̻ûûֻأԲZ&amp;L
Щǲܵģֻͷ˵š
ܵͷŸֱϵĿ֣Ϊ̵ֹģֵĵط治⻬ݵһֲ⻬
΢Ц˵Һϲ
ϲȴǺ⣬ߵΪʲôֻаְֺ裬Һ͵ܵܲ𣿡
աѲǿ͸ҵ
֮ΪʲôҪ
ܲҺ͵ܵܵû
Ҹǿϣʡ
Ʋְһۣ˵Ҫ̵ġ
ޱͷۣӱȥûûˣùֱ˵⣬ZֵĿͷĸʲô
˵

˼ޱΣԼĴˣ
ί˵Ͱְֶǽ塢˰̡ðָ̡ͷһôҵġ
ޱԼֶǵãһÿ㣿
ûôɵ˵Լ֣˵֣ʱ˵ҽ𣬸
ûס𣿡ʵ
סˣҽ˵ֹ꣬˾䣬һǾ
ޱⷽ޼ɻ䣬˵㳤ˣȥ
Ŷ
֣ޱ˵Zܣĸһˣ֪𣿡
֪ˡͷֱϵ֣ԽԽ⣬ùֱ֣ؽ˵ְ֣һҵ֣ҪúñŶ
ܣ˵˵ȥҳ֮һ

Ȼ֮һܺϧޱ͵ڶȥӪڿڴֱ֧ʡ
ͷʵнֱʱڿڴϣе˱һ֧òҪ֧·ԼĻ
ǲҲĻ١ˡ
ܲˣ·ϱֱʣһӪкü˷ϵĲͬ
˶Ǵϴֲ֣ͬ΢Сı仯ǲӣĹ۲ء
ؾֱ˱仯̲סһ䡣
Щ˻ʳƵ⣺ôϸֱˣôͨ˾øֱʳĻˡ
ʣҲûҴţһƵ˵ǵûУֱֻ֧ϱ׼͸ҵҲã֪˿϶ʧ
˱һ칷ѡ죬Ҳ˷ҪȤһ䣺ϱôϣ
һĪϲʲôϵѵϱΪյһ߳Իҵģϱϱ뷨ͬյˣҲܸˣԲ֧ʡ
βǱźǿ๷ͬʱҪĿһˡ
ǣô꣬ûյϱ͵ôˣûУ
ȤؿڣתƻʣǸҪᣬ㻹ǵðɣ
ǵá
ʵ֤ܲǵãԻ⣬гһƶȣ˵ӪĿºˡ
Ȼ˵˵ʵ㣬ѸֱתӪ϶ˡ
һ߾ǵɽһ֪յϱ͵㹻˰
ȻûģŸֱʣӻ鿪ʼһֱת˻
λ˻ãŵ̲ˣҪһͷ۽Ϳǻ֣ԼĿ֣ĽԼûУ̵ܺʲô˼
ŵܽ˽ܰҫģĿǱèצţһ䡣
ұŵĶûˣûסѹʣӪҿֱϿ֣Ҹղſ˰춼ûʲô˼
ѹܿûУϸֱƽŶϱ˵ZLҸֵĸмַǺ͵˼Һ
Բ߱ˣֻ֮һеǸһ
û߳ҵľԣ׷׳ȥʣԼŰǵǣ

л˵



97 ָ
ΪӪһͨҫ, ޱһҹ֮˼ϱĴ
ޱƺҪлл
Ȼޱƺһξ̲סһΣҲסЩ˻ȥҪյ, ϱҪչ˵أȥﻰĽԼյʱʲôûУʾԼҲ
֮, Ⲩ׵ġ
ǻư, ޱҲԹ, ˵, ˵ͷ԰ʲô, ҼǸ, ſڱտھãϱ׼
ޱҲôģֱþ, ԰ʲô
ޱȥˣ죺԰𣿡
ԹԻ˻᣺Ŷ, , ֱ֧㾫Ϊ׼Ҳ˷һƬ⣬յڶȥӪͱڴ, Ӫ￪ᣬõľ֧ʣǿ, Ͷ˼, ûʲô, Ͱ˵ˡ
ܻʣ԰𣿡
ޱ۽磬û뵽ܻеǱʣ֪ˣϰ
ޱĥʣҲ쵽ˣ׼𣿡
ˣõ֣ʲôҪѧУ԰ڼȦ
ֹҪѧУţȥӪ򷹡гˡߵĶҪţܸȫŮͬ־ĳޣҲҪͬ־ĳޡ
ƻúúõģյʱޱȴ᲻ҫˡ
͸һöָ
ʮָǽƷͷתһһͽúˣڽָǽûҲνҶô⡣
ޱܽȻûתһ죬ԭģһĸУòǺܱҪû򡣵ЩǮܶ۽ˣټгֱҲ÷ǳ档
ټԽָûʲôСʱżָܿͶģ˶ʼ󣬽ûʲô˸Ҵˡ
ֱ;εԭţŮŮ鶼нshigG٤ָĻڣָűر
ررޱȴûָһͷͨ˺򵽽ƷܾſҪľûʲôˡ
ҲûָָܻΪû
ǣ
ܾȻָˣ
ҽָȦ֣ҲZ%L
ޱϸϸŽָȦ֣ǿҸдӵģ
ޱãôһǿոжûˣε˵֪
ŽָҪϴûȥܾ֣ùָΪָϡ
ޱʣ֪ĸָ
Ҽ˴˵
˶ʼǰ·ߵʵ٣ֻЩ˴·ˣһ٣ҲǼβˣࡣ
׶Щ꣬Щ֡
ޱָֿڣûǶֻпȥ·ʲôͦÿ
ոµĽָպúʵĴС뵽ڲ̵֣ޱָ϶´ģʣǮָ
·ݵĹҲûϽ𣿡˵
ΪгʽԼ׼ޱѵô󷽣ûû·ݵĹʡ
ޱʣһ¹ʲɣͷǺܹġ
˵Сʱĵ׹ʸֹѣʣ˵㣬Ҵø㡣
Ǹˣô˵һޱʣǸ׹ȻʲôұĶҲ֪п϶б壬ôꡣ
˵ˣ㻹𣿡ܷʣסޱ˵ö׹ĽʵҰóģһֱ᲻á
ö׹ܶԵȷ壬ļң˵ļҡŸĸ飬ȥļҲڣȵĸȥ뽫ָ
ֻǸô׸ᣬ˸ĮҲģҲ᲻ãһֱԥš
ޱźȷͥԼ˺ܶ仯
ȥ֪Լӣкӣ뵽ǣѪȵģůģŬƴһһžۡ
ʱҲ壬֪ޱʲôˡ
ûи˵ȥÿοޱţ˵ͬʱܻЩʧ䡣
ҲŬάϵλҲÿдʱáֻദʱ̫̣СģмżҲ͸¶Щ衣
֪ⲻ⣬ʱ;һС
ֻʱԼмңֺԶŬعȴ֪Լܷ񹻵š
վǹˡ
׹ڵɽָ͸ޱ

Ȼޱϲ˯ûժöָʺϴȥױ˿ñӡ
Ϊָ壬ޱҲ᲻ýڳңӽָ˲ϡ
Ȼû취ȥ԰ڣޱҲûŹܣȥ˹磬ûѩȵѧУͬ¸û
ͬҪЩʲôʱɬ˵첻𣬰ܸҳһϸ裬ɤеơ
԰԰͸뵽ԵͲôǱˣ
ۻԱ;Сѧʦǲ֪ޱ뷨ֻ֪⧲سһ칷׷ױߵǷҪҪ˻ˣ
ȥ͸ɷԹ㻹˼ԹҲ׼ܣޱյʱ˳һϸ裬ɤӶˣ
ɷҪ磺һϸʲôʵޱͬ־׼Ŀʵʵڵ
ȻֱˣΪû˲˸裬ٿҹյʱ򣬲УһҲ̹ǣأ
һҲѳˡ
Ƥ񣬵˾Ӫ˴ȤҲΣʣ޸ãջﲻӦõôѵǲͣ
ˣˡ
գޱܵĴ£Щ϶ȾǾ׼ǻǮ£һյʱܻ׼һݲ
Ȼһɷ/ӹʱƲסﻭȦȦޱյʱﻹǺܸ˵ġ
ޱ޵ͬʱҲΪ˼ķޡ
Դ˷Ӧһ
ܺңޱզզذɡ

ޱһӹգСѧҲӭĩԡ
ѧһСѧĩбǿɨѧУޱİɼҲۣƽֶ꼶һ꼶߷Ҳѧ
˵ѧʦиޱͷ˼ĩѾƽˡ
ûȻʦѧû꼶Ϊޱֵ꼶һ൱ʦѧڿʼˣ˵ĽϾڼ
ֻǰ֥ޱ壬ѧʵ˺ܶ࣬ڱˢУֻí˾ѧڿһѩǰܡ
һѩǰܵȻǲܵģܣٴѹˡ
ֻѧڱѹĲֹһʦܵҲ͡òˡ
ΪѧɹۣѧޱֱΪȽʦֻУȣޱõֻбʼǱ͸ֱʡ
ѧİ༶ܼڵĳɼʱȽͲֻǽƷˣܵõһɽַĽ
ĩޱӭ١
ÿٶ˻ϲ˳ϲĵȻǺǣѧ档ȻǼҳرЩйļҳÿ궼Ҫշż˺ô졣
ȻСѧʦڷУѧżҲż٣ܼＸӣܲȴʮӸѡ
Խӵż֪ͨȫʦ˿Ϣˣ
ޱûɿԣ£¹ȥ££١
ˣȻޱҪôӦԣһŲԲɱؽ
ܻȥ
л˵
һ


98 ǰϦ
һޱúܽ, ʼҹҹجΣʱجУͣ, ʱоѡ
˯ǳһжҲѡޣ, ô, ʻ, һ, ޱͻ̲ס޳, Ȼ
һοſ, ޱԭž飬ʣܶ, ͹ܲôˣ, ô죿
ܵһʱ, üͷúܽ˵ɥôᣬĶ֮һû, ôܻ
ޱȴԭôİ˵һأҪܸ𰸡
Σֻ˼, ú˵ҿܻʹѹ, Ӧôźǻȥ
ûк, shigG٤һѡ񣬵ӳϾͱΡ
ǲǶԷİˣҲǺǵĸĸǵ
ˣޱȥӦòºǸȥͬģˣҲϣܺúûȥ
Ҳ𰸿ܲޱе⣬ѣù󣬻ô˵ˡ
ֻ˵ʱﲻЩޱҲʧ
ޱȻ޵øˣæǸԽǸ޵þԽʵû취Լ˦һơ
Ʋأޱסʵؿܣ˵Բᣬȴ̲סЦ
ס֣ϲڵӡ˵ôôɵ
ǰ뵽ԭܴźһӣʵѽʵͬܰˣС˵һӣû£վǹ¡
ֻڣܵĴ𰸣֪ܻȥС˵﷢Զǹ¡ˣһжʵ
С˵һѡ
̫ɵˡ

ޱ޵˺ҹڶʱ򣬼ֱԼûˣ˯ǰҪƺ
ֻʵв࣬ÿ˯ǰô룬جȴѿס
ֹޱˣ۵Ҳ˺Ȧ
ܵĺȦɲʼʢǰӪμӵһֻ˯ĸСʱһ˶˪ƵģԾȡ
ܽʶô꣬ûģſʱ
ûţҲûȰ˵ֻޱޱ⼸جΣ׿ޡ
جΣʲôجΣܽʡ
ҲޱʲôجΣ˵ֻܴƲ⣺ӦεԼˣÿһЩֵֹ⡣
ܽʣǲ㣬ô죬᲻Ȣ
ɩӻеʱҲ
ᣬôᡣܽĿ˵ǲ֪ǶʱұڵӴ˵ȢɣţѺ˵ȢɣǲˣûģͷǴġ
˵ޱޱûвҡ
ܽƲһۣҫ
ɩ״̬˶ãʡ
ðܽͦõģûϱôƵһҲһΰɡģоϻ˵ӵڹŹأŮ˼ҺҲ
šü𣿡
ޱͷʱߣԲ´͸֪ˡ
뵽ޱ㲵ģ룬ǲҪ´ˣ˵ޱޱÿ϶جΣɩӵƺ̫һ
ǰʱû£
ܻ˵кһֱе֮ǰûôԣȽϴ󡣡
ʹûУ
ʹʵʱǿޣֻ˵û£˸جΡ
ܽ˵ҾðɣǻɵģȽϴҹưɣȺ϶ͺˣһûУͷİɡ
̾˿ϣ˰ɡ

ޱҲע⵽ܵĺȦ·ݺ󣬲ֹûôϢãҲûô˯
ûϢãСʱҲ˯˵ģ컹ܲ
ΪҪǰҹܺ˯һᣬҹòܱ۾͵ȥӪˡ
˾Ӫܻûʱ䲹ȻٸɲͨʿҪÿѵʿѵҪȽϸÿ첻ڽͧϣѵϣżصӪ칫ңҲѵƻ
ĶãޱֻŲסѵϾǿȻͦģټ˯߲㣬ʮܿסһ϶Բ
ޱڻˣȻ֪ԼԤ֪δ˷пܻ
ҹоѣܲô࣬Ȼǿ־ռϷ硣Ŀ־壬ʱ޷οġ
١
˿ǹޱַܷ˯ܺú˯Ͽ޾Ϳˣ˻ܼ˯
ֻļƻ⵽ܵԡ
ޱΪ˼˵ֻʱַ˯ҹʱ˯һҲϢúһ㡣
Ϣˣأʡ
ҡޱ˵Ұܲ˵ѧУҲھӪôࡣ
˵Ҳ޵ʱҲߡ
ޱĬƬ̣ͷ˵ߣҲʲô
ܱ㡣
ޱۿ΢ȣ̧ͷ˵ܲһֱȥɣԲġ
û£ǰ켸ҹҶϻ˯Ҳһֱôţżٵʱܲ˵ţͻȻͣס
ʵܺڣȻûޱ𣬵꺢ӵģҲһֱ֪ʹࡣ
ֻǹȥʹ࣬ϵޱôҪӣ˵УȻͬ⣬ʵǻӭӵġ
Ըپк󣬿϶ȥַʽѣҲڹȥʱݡ
ֱޱӣ֪һ⵽ĺӣʹ಻ϵģҲĥ
£Ƕʱһ㣬ޱܾͲỳӣҲʹࡣ
ˡ
ܸޱ˵㣬ɡ
Ӧģˣˣ֪Ϊĸ׵븶ҲΪ䡣
ܼᶨı飬ޱͷá

İȻûзֿ˯ޱǻѣƲסᣬûôˡ
Ϊ֣ߵˣö֣ܸܵ˵Ĵڡ
֪һֱ
ҲˣԽٽһ죬ʧصĴԽ٣Ҳǿ˯Ⱦ
ֱ·ݵһ죬ϳԷʱܸޱһϢ⼸̨½ڼע㡣
Ю˵ޱֶһ£Ю˵˻ȥޱ̧ͷʣһ죿
ԤƶŻţܲޱ̬Ȳԣס˵ģ̨粻ڼҶڵԵģǵʱغŴžͺá
ⲢܰޱĲⳡ̨Ͳ񲻹֤ʵĲ²⡪С˵ԭ̨粢ûֱӹѡ
ޱӦջؿӣЮеףһһسš
ãͻȻ̧ͷ𣿡
ܶסʣôˣ
ޱû˵ԭֻ˵ڼҡ
ܲԥͷãһӪ١
ޱͷԷƬ˵ǵôѳ
ޱϵһ˵Ҫ̨ʱȷܺ£ǴֵܽӪʱ䡣̨磬ޱͲôˣûҪshigG٤
ûжʣֻá
õظޱ԰ͷԷ
û뵽٣û뵽ͰװʹҽԺ뵽ˣƳٵϼװʹ̨磬ȥҽԺҲûôѡ
׼˺ܶʳ󵽿˳ͱųԵڴһ졣
⣬ޱ˯ȥ
˯ǰΪԼϻجΣʵȴһҹΣ£һ˯Ȼѡ
ڶ𴲺ޱȥӪ򷹵ʱֶ˲ٳԵġ
ҲǿųģȻ޹ٱӪһ٣ӪҶϵĺȦ֪ϱʱ״̬ãټƽʱ٣Ƿһ졣
˯ǰޱڵĳԵĶᵽ¥ϣܰůˮƿͱӶȥ
Űְ¥ϰЩŴʣǼҪ𣿡
䣬ͱ˸Թϱ˵
޹ԴðְǲʲôʱˣȻ飬Űְı飬ûҰѻ˵ֹֻš
ޱЦЦ˵׼һ£ͷùɣһ˯
ǽԺһ˯𣿡һϲ
ԴޱУͺٸһ˯ˣر·ݣһζûһ˯
ޱͷ˵ԣȥͷɡ
Σһҹȫһ
˵ȥͷ˯ʱûҰޱ˯ʵߵĶӡ
ȻмŰְ֣Ӻ˷ܣرߴ˵ͣ
ޱܶûдֻ΢Цš
ҹӶ˯ˣޱܣһҹûۡ
Ƕû˵ֻǱ۾װ˯ֱ峿ĵһ͸սޱ۾룬
Ǹʵ糿
סӣͷܶ˵ܣҶۡ
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99 
¶ޱиƽ
Ϊԭž鲢ûеôǿ, Ǳ֮ˣԵ֪δı, ʧˡ
ˣϱ͵ҽԺʱһ⣬ʱȻ꽻ӣܰ, ʲô¶ûз, һƽޱе㲻š
һȷôȥ, ֻķһֱûͣ, ûлȥ
ȻҽҲҷޱȥ, иС, Ȼʲôû˵ۣҪ۲졣
ҽԺʳô, Ųͣѳ, Ҳûóԡޱθڲ, һݷǿһ룬ʣµĶܳԵġ
Թһ, ûʲô£ȷСЩͻȥˡ
뿪ޱܾ׼˯ˡ
̨ζ˵, ̨缾ıĿ, ÿ⼾ڵ߶Ҫϼءֹûе, ҽԺˮҲѣˮͣˣϴͷϴָֻ˯
ޱҲеˣûô˯е㲻˯Ͳڴϸ˵
˰죬˺ܶ࣬˵ʱ죬䲻չδĻ
ţҲޱСʧʼ˼ҪԶЩԶȥĽ죬һЩ¡
˵Ҳɣݵϳ̨磬ÿ½ʱ䲻ȫͬȥͽͬһ춼̨½
һȥ̨ʱޱķӦҲ֡
ʱֻΪޱǺ£Ͼǻϣһξ̨磬ẦҲ

һദܺޱСˡȥºַ̨磬ڶ̨󣬵ûҪؼҡ
һֱִܶ磬ԸΪĹ
ȥ³ǳ̨סԺ֪չ̫Ը⣬ӰĹ
ֵ֪Ӫȴϻؼҡ
Σ̨֪缴¼˵һ٣ѳ·̨֪磬ԼҽԺһ
˵ޱǰһµķ
׼ȷ˵ķȥͿʼˡ
Ƕʱ䣬ʱЦЦţͻȻֻޱ˵ǽ꣬оʱ䣬ǶżĻ֮٣ʱż˵û¾͹ˣΪȷ£Ըˡ
Ⱥ˽⽥Ͳˣֱȥָĸ¶Щ
ֻĸʲԭҲһ
پУʱ£ȴϸʲôȻʱķ
ܽ鴮ޱºʱķԼⳡ̨йϵ
ֻͷ𣬾ͱˡ
ôأ
̨γɵ½죬ĻʮҲˣôǰô֪
룬ħˡ

ڶܺˣʱޱ˯滤ʿ˵˿ŵ㣬ȥӪ١
Ӫû뵽ǰ٣ޱŻˣϱӣиʹԣ̸١
٣ܿų˼ҡ
̨Ժģʱ䣬ûԺֱԿ׿ݡ
ﵹһжãǰ˯ǰޱ˵̨ϵ½ŴȫصʵʵģŸǳǰһһ
վͨ¥棬˳ǰһ̲ˮ˳Ͽȥ
弶¥ݵĶһƬһǣ˸εĿ׶Ҳָ̲ˮӦþǴǸ׶˳¥£۵ϵġ
ƬʲôʱƵģ
죬ҲһǰһǰΪʱݵû¹꣬ҲǵڼԼû̧ͷȷƬʲôʱƵġ
û٣ܻᷢʲô¡
¥ֻȴһڲһԡңһǰԱߡƽʱΪ˼õ㣬ܻǰų
¥ҲһһȴȣһȣپǶ¥ֱ̨ͨţŲĻͨҲǳģ¥ݾͻܰ
¥¥Ŵȫϣ¥ݶǺܰģͨ죬ǻ¥ݼĵ
꽻ӣظĵ߻ˣҽԺȫͣ硣
߻谵Ƿлˮ꽻ӣǷˮû١
˼٣ޱûжʹҪȥҽԺһڼܱ֤ûˤ
ܡ
Ȼޱ׼ˮ׼˱ʳҪһͰ
˳˺ˣҪϲǼҵĲ¥£ȥͱȻҪ¥¥ͱȻᾭʪ¥ˮݡ
ˮǰվ˺ܾãõعһ¾ֿ̧ʱ䣬ѾСʱץʱȥ
̧ȿˮݣ¥ҳһޱ·װȻ·¹ĳshigG٤ޱǮƱС
óʱܿ˱ѹıʼǱ
֪ʼǱϵޱֻڻױ̨ϡĳһ죬һ죬ֻ֪ٴοӣǮƱʱ
տʼûж룬ʱĸޱ£ٿʱܻǷ¼ܡ
ûд򿪿
ǲ棬ֻûоĽ͵
ܿǸӰ죬ֻóУ÷һԵԿ׽򿪣óǮƱԭŻȥ֮ǰװõ·¥
¥ºȥԡңȡëˢȻϷкͿӣܼȥӡ
ܼ˻˯·Ҵ¥һϲʣޱޱôˣ
Ȼȥޱʱûʲô⣬˫ӣסҽԺ˹
û£һʱ˯˵ҹȥҽԺ
ʣ㲻Ҫչޱޱ㣿
ãޱޱҲǡ˵
У¥ǡ
˵¥Ϊ¥ңܲȥ¥µš
ȴʱԾͷȥܼҺǼһ¥¥Ҳʲô
ʵϾȥ¥ϣҲʲôƬվǸ
ܺ˼ʱ򣬵ƴӻˣһ¥ϰԵس˹ʣְ֣ôˣ
û£ҹȥܱס˵
߹˵ǻûˢͳ
Ȼˢȥ衣˵
Ҳ裬ͷ˵ðɡ
ֵòˢǣŰְֱֵıǰߡ
ȥӪ꣬ͣȥ˵ԵģϳӱţųҽԺȥ
ҽԺֱޱڵĲѾˣŲҽ˵תͷܿ¶ЦݣôҲӹˣ
һؼö˳Ͱǽˡ˵ҽޱôˡ
ܵ²ֻۣ˳㡣
ͷǵġ
ֹĻҽЦЦ˵ͬ־̫ţͼûʲô⣬ȥ⼸쾡飬ûµġ
ޱʣҽܳԺ𣿡
ԣǴȥڰ³Ժͺáҽ˵ſܴĴСĶЦȥʰ·ˣ
½컹ҪסԺ͸ʰһ·ܽʣסһ۲۲𣿡
ҽ˵۲һϣ㹻ˣʵڵģٹ۲һ磬ٰԺҲС
ҽʾлͳȥ
ܻصޱ˵ʵûҪٶסһɣҽ˵ûˣûϴ裬Ҳճȥϴ衣
ܿʣȷû£
ȷޱ˵
ǵȳ緹ȥԺܱ˵ߴ򿪷иӡ
ޱͷӹܵݹİʣˣղŻؼңôˣ
Ķãֻ¥Ƭˣ˲ˮʱûüʰûԱҵƬ֪ǿʲôʱ𣿡
꣬ޱѪɫʣסʣޱޱôˣ
ܵޱعĿⶨϡ
֪Լˡ
л˵
һ


100 Σǰƪࣩ
ޱһΡ
ڴϷ, ͻȻһ, ˳ӽǣ˳ſ磬žڲϵˮ
裬ʲôʱͣ
ͻȻޱ, ӽٴת, ŹǷ, ģ
ܿͻͣˡ
ġ, ȴûпġ, ŷ, ԭǵӽѾغϡ
תͷӴͷóһ˿ˣǸ˿ǹģͱûóֱ, ģŽó, ˵Ϸɡ
Ŀܿ챻˿ʲôϷ
˯Ҳ۾, ɻʣǴ˲𣿡
첻ִ˺Сġ˵ϴƣȻƷֳ, ߺǣϷ
ߺǹ, ԼƸʾ, Ⱥ, ϴһƵΧĵط
ֽϷԺӶԺӺܿ۾żˣᱻߴ١
ʱ䲻֪ţǰСʱҲһСʱһϷˣͷʱޱˡѾԻĶӡ
Ӵ˶ʣǶ
ϷϴƵͷʣϷ𣿡
ˡӽת⣬δͣԽԽƣתͷ˵ɣ벻Զȥá
̸˵룡
ʲô
Աɡ֡âָͷ֮еҪ
ʧЦ˵ȥˣ¥档
شӦյһơ
ͷ£ûҵֵͲŲֵͲϰ߷ڿ̨յ½ʱɫûôҲûͣû뵽ֵͲֻܿš
ͣ˵磬ȥûгƣֱ谵¥ݼȥ
һ˲䣬ޱͻļ£뺰Ҫˣȴûܷκֻؿ¥ԽԽ
ġ¥ݡ
ˮ
ܿ˴׵̧ͷſڿۣӿŲ¥ȥ
ߵһĳһ¥ݣͻȻһͷˮٴ̧ͷˮưһ
ʶʲôȴѾˣѾŲȥΪķģһŲȿˡ
Ȼַס¥ݷ֣Ϊ¥ʪûܿסƽ⣬廬ȥһ¥ϡ
оˮ۳ˮݣȴҲ˲ϣʹӸϯȫ
亹ˮ䣬ȫʪ͸ˣá˻̫¥Ϸʲôû
ޱеġӽǣǰر仯һǡ¥棬ˮˢ壬ҲѪһ¥Ϸ
Щһʱ˳ƣڸ
صˣ
ܵߣļ򺰣£ܿˣ
ȥþˣֽ꣬ʣҪȥ裬ȥȥ
̧ͷףе㺦һڷ˵ãֽƸŵܵһ¥
¥ݾshigG٤ܺڣټϴ˺£߳Ծ֣Ų¥ȥ
µ¥ݵʱʼ裬˵̫ˣ϶ǵ
¥µġ֪ˣͷ뺰ǵ֡
ΪѪ꣬Ѿ٣̫Сûֻߡ
µһ¥תһ𣬵ӿŴս¥΢ЩӶ¥Ӱ׷׶ԭء
衭촽
Ӧ죬֣첽¥ȥ裡
¥µġͷʼ俴ŲҴҵӰƴȫˮѾ
ܵˮŷ֣ŲµߣͼĵطҲӦ˹¥ܿˡߣ߿޺߸ŵܵһ
ֻǵ̫СֻܽƵ¥ߣܹʵˮ
Ҳ۾ָ̧ᣬɲǡӣһˮɡ
Ҫ˵ȴչȥȴʲô˵ʲô
ͻȻվȥˣ
ãȻ̧ͷʡʲô˵ڼչ裬ȥ˾裡
˵תŵ˨˨̫ߣӡŵӹȥϣ˨ȥţĻС
ܼܵңţţ̫ûܳ׼ȥ˼ңԺʱÿѹԺſڵש飬̧飬һ飬ͶܼҶ¥
һûУڶΣΡΣˡ
°ߵԱߣ˫ֵˣҴ¥ôˡ
ˤˣţ°ȥˡ
°øĻڼң¥£Ѫעġæ
°ҲֻǸŮӣ㣬ܽĵطȴû취šȥҽԺ
Ҫ˵İ
Ĩ˰ϵˮ˵ȥˡתٴγĻ
ܼʱȥԺӣʣµש鶼°ϣ˳·һҼҹȥ

ޱٴοѹ
һѣҲˣƣ뻳Уıο˵ûˣѾûˡ
쵱ޱ¥ϷƬˮ˳ſ׶ʪһºıͿʼԾ
ȳ緹ͿʼߴԺ
صҺֱˮĵط˳ˮϣݶϵĿ׶ܾáһ죬جج״ֱ̬˯ٵ
ܱ߰οޱ߱ͷϷŵᡣ
ǹ٣ޱȻѹܿƽӹ˳Ļ߲ʣǲǺûгϢ
ûСҡͷʣʲʣ
ţ
ȥˮ
˵žҪһ־ͱޱץסȥ
ͣסشϣסޱٴıãҲȥ
ޱͷֹס˵Ҹղ˸Ρ
ʲôΣ
εޱ۾˵̨ˣ㲻ڼңҴڷֽơ
ֽƣʣǼûֽơ
ޱͷֽƣţˣվ˵ȥ¥õԵġ
ܱסޱֱ۽ЩȻأ
Ȼƿ˳ȥͣˣܺڣźȥˮˣҲԣ¥ͣ˻ᣬߣˮˤˡޱ߬ܵ·ʹ̫ʹˡ
ܸ·ޱĶӣֻ࣬˵ûµģ㿴һûµġ
ڣ㲻ڣ˺ܶѪҺǵ֣̫ûҿѪһˮ㵽һûˡ
ޱͷؿڣ۾˵ˣڵϵӣŻˣͣؿޡ˵Ҫ˳ȥʯͷҿܼҵĴˡ˲˳ȥʯͷ꣬۾һһҵҹȥ
ܺ˶ġô
ûˡޱ˵֪ˡ
ôᣬܵͷͷޱͷ˵ֻһΣҲûε֣㲻˵ҿ˺ܶھӼҵĴЩڼ˿϶æôڣ϶¡
ޱ˵ⲻһΣҿˡ
ǰܾ֪ޱܣҲϹԼܣǴʧأ˵Ժԭ
ֻһ¹ȥ¹ȥһֱûܵȵޱڣЩʱޱĻԭ
ֻдʡ
ֱޱ٣˸оصңϵĻˮݶĿ׶Ͳµܾˡ
ֻ浽ʱЩ֪ǷҪȥ
ܻʵҲҪָᣬʣʲô˼
ޱҲȷȥ֮ǰǲȫ˶ӵӰ
Ȼûܿƺ˯þʱʱΪģʹʹʲô֪ܱ֪ȴΪúãǲǶ۵Ӹ⡣
˵ˣǻܵһ⣬һꡢҲ͹ˣܻԼӡ֪֪Լ߳
ޱúѡ
һ˯ѺѹٻܰοԼߵûʲôʹ࣬ȥҽԺƣʱܻģ
ˣϣΪ֮ǰûоܹʹࡣ
뷨ڡ뷨ϣȹ٣Ȼû˹ǣ˵ݵ·ϣһΡ
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101 
Ǹ, һ飬ǲǣ, ûʽҵݣֻŵӡ
ޱ˵Ļÿֶˣʲô˼֪, һ仰, ȴʲô˼
Һܺ, ҲοԼ, ֻǸ, ġϵ, ֪֥ԼиֶŮơ
ʲôϵʡ
Ȼйϵ, µǾͽƣҲиùý֥, ɷǾ, פݵϣʦί, ɷΪվӣˡ
֥ò̫ãɷȥ, ѾɢȥҪӲshigG٤, ʮº½Ԫ, ҲŴ˻صλĹº⣬ѼҵˣǷһƨծӴһ겻
֥Ϊ˶ӣ绰ܺϻĹ˾ﰲŸƴӦˣ˰Ž˹˾
Ʊܽ˾żȻ֪ݵϵ׽飬ȴ˸ڣתͷͱˡ
Ʊܲޣֵǰ˼䣬յˣɵЩȱ£˭Ըڸǰš
Ʋģ˵ǶǶǰˡ
˵궼ȥֹȥҲȥ
Ϊԭɲ꣬ϵǻޱ̫ξ飬֪Ϊʲô֥ҽԺƣѧУ㱻ƺˡ
Щ֮Ļ޹أޱûж˵ֻǸ֮ǰû˵֥ƣҲʶǣͨǸε飬Ҳʶˣ֪ǺܶЩϵ˽⵽Ĳࡣ
ʣ϶ģһ
㲻ңޱ̧ʡ
ǡ
û˵꣬ͱޱϣ˵ģȷĺһᵽڵϿܷ¼ˡ
ޱ˵ŴӴЬ¹ǰѹŵıʼǱԼ˼·һҳ
ʱסˡ
ʱ˼·ʱԭᵽڵʱϸڶдȥݿܶ࣬ʵо󲿷ֶǰ£ֻ߼
߼£еѾϵǻᣬȫһȥӰֱӿɣϹһĿΡ
еѾı䣬ȥѸĸ˹һģԭɴᵽȥ£ԴǼ͸¶һĿһȹһΨһһꡣҲ仰ޱȷԼϵڶȥġ
м¿Ǳˣûз
ûз£ûӦ飬֤ġ
˵ԭŷı£֤Ǽٵġ
ЩѾӦ£ô֤ʼǱϵǷǰдȥϾʼǱ¹ûо紵ɹܣһǰǰǰдµģ
ȷϵǻдģ֤ΪǰԤ֪δļƻ
ʼǱܱ֪δ֤ݡ
ޱ㶵ʱܴù˱ʼǱ֣һ򶨵Ȼʼֶ
ޱñʼǱû취֤ݣܿǡǡ֤ݣΪ֪ʼǱܡ
ܣʼȥ졣
һĿʮеؿȥһʱ˫߬ƤıʼǱҲóױΡ
һǡ
8.2  ̨  
缸쿴ʼǱܻܿһͷˮڣֵ˼¶ţ̨죬ʲô
ֱסޱͷĶͷûˣѾȥˡ
ʵԼ֪⻰οޱ˵Լġ
ңޱ̧ͷʡ
š

ʮӺ˻ص˴ϣޱһ·̣С˵ûеܵõ£һֱΪһҲкӣ죬Խ˵ҿܻˣҵʱ͡
һֱΪС˵죬ȥֻСһˡֱ챻ѣʶһʬ
һ˲䣬˶סˣƲסط䣬ҲƲסᡣ
̫пˡ
ʱգޱʱ飬̲סۿ
ܱޱʣΪʲôң
֪Щ£ͿӵޱҪοȴ֪ôӺ˵ţޱһЩ
ޱûشֻǷʣ㣬֪Լӣ𣿡
ܳĬ
ޱشˣ㲻ᣬԼһУһ
ǵԸ񲢲ȫͬĳһ˵һˡ߶ԷԼС£öԷԼø⣬޷Ĵ£ԼöԷԼġ
һ㣬Ҳֻ̫ˣһ̫꣬ˡ
ޱͷؿڣ۾˵ʱҾ룬ܻҾ͸һУˣϣʲô֪
ʱ򣬲֪Ҹ
ȻޱҲ֪ԭһӣǺûǲãǲôֻ࣬ƾԼĸоȥѡ
ܾãʲôϡͿعһӣԼʲô֪Ѷʹعһ
ͬʱҲޱѡ񣬾˵ģҲѡ
ǲǣϣԷܹúöѡ
ѾȥûҪ±ߵͣܵͷޱͷ˵Һã
ޱ̾ǰҺһ
á

Ȼҹجξѣ˵ޱ˯·ĵһ̤ʵѵõģڶ˯̫͸յ
ۺޱ˸Ա߿ȥûӰƿϵĴ´Ь߳ȥ
ֻǸ߳ţϤ¥ޱͣס˽Ų
κѲǰ¥Ӱ´Ժ̨Ŷţ¥ǲͬϵ
ޱţͻȻͷO@ŵһ
һ룬Ϳ¥ϷƬ߱ҿ¶ƴһŶޱܵİɫװʣܣ𣿡
Ӱ˶Ŵսڶʣ˯ˣ緹
ޱҡͷʣʲô
ýпգһ黹û⣬ܻĳ绻ˡ˵ޱ뵽ǸΣƬ˵һᡣ
ʲôޱʡ
ȴûش뿪ϸĲ̤ޱǴ¥ˡ
û´ܿ죬ܾݣ¥ݲһϵ˶¥ߵǰʣ¥ȥ𣿡
רңޱʡ
ܵͷܻẦ¡
ޱůȴ˵ҿԿ˷
ţ˷־ĹУϣߡס֣ʣȥ𣿡
ޱ߬˫֣ŲԶ¥ݣͷš
ȴû̧ţޱָ֣߬ȭͷʮָۣ߰ɡ
ޱ̧ǰߣߵ¥ݿڣͣסŲ¥ݲߵ¥ݣȻЩѣΡ
£ڡ˵
ޱ̧ͷһ̧ȥ
˳һ¥ݣֻת䣬ǲ¥ʱٴͣס˽Ų
Χ·𶼰ֿġһһȥȻ󻬵Ѫһء
ҧס촽ٴ߬˫ֻ֣һΣһֻճȭһֻ־shigG٤ȴ˽գٴ̧ͷ
ӵ˲䣬ܾͰұȥɡ
ޱסʲô
˵㺦¾ˣұȥ
Ļޱ˲ûôˣЦ˵ôң챧ȥأأ
Ȼһ취˻ӡ
ѲԼĹѣôףοĻϷӣȻⲻ¥ݡ
ҲһӲ¥ݣοǸεڣǰʮŲ߹ˣôܸĵһ
һҪȥ
ޱԺЩ棬̧ȥ
һ



߹ﻬĵط߹˺ܾõǼ̨ףѪˮ۵ĵ棬˿תЦܰ쵽
ڣػ
л˵
һ


102 
ޱ緹, ¥һ߿ȥȷϻûѵƬ
Ǽݶǽṹ, Ƭһ𣬿ҲͦʵʹõʹõľȥģȥҲûзֱӲƬϡ
ղվڶ¥¥, ͨҿƬʱޱ, վԺϿ, ŲжΣ, ɺҪɣ
ܰӶƬ, ͷ, ŵصģҺܿˡ
ҲˣޱվԺ, ˳¥Ͽȥְݶ, ʱݵغְۣ𣿡
û, רļ鹤
ҲܴԹ˷ְֵ, ְְֺּӼְͣ
ޱ̲סԴ죬ְ֣
Ŷ
ͣͷ۾ؿ¥ƶ
ǰ, ܾȥ˺, ΪܱȽϸ, ǰԺˣ͸ȥ˺Ժ
ǼҺԺխͷֻܱܿԵĸһ·ˣ˵ܼԺ档
°Ժˣͷˣɻڿۣʣǣ
ˣ߽Ժð̣ҰְֻŶ
ɣ°¶ɻ
԰ݶһָ˵㿴Ұְݶϣģǰݶ߹ģ
°÷Ļ߳ڼݶȥݶϵܸɻˣֽ㣬ڸӪôݶˣ
ޱ˵ǼƬˣǰ̨´©˺ܶˮݣһݶߣлľ㻻
Ǽû°ɣ°ʡ
ޱҡͷû£Ƶ¥棬¥ݿڵˮҾ߶û
°ע⵽ޱ˵ĵطʣ¥ߣǲǡû°ɣ
ˣǰҶʹȥҽԺǼҡޱ˵ܾͰѼʰˣ˶á
°õˣֻһżû˵ǣҶͷˣҺǶڼҡ
ǰŴһƬ´̨Ƶġ
ǵü飬ǼôͻȻһƬˣ°ʡ
ޱҡͷ֪ǰ̨紵ģҲ֮ǰͻˣֻǶûע⵽ǰ´ŷ֡
˵䣬ܼˣȥǰ¥ޱ°˵˾ȥǰԺס¥ݡ𿴵Ҳְæ
ֻܹ󿴵ˣݶ˵ǲùңԼС
ޱֻ˵Сĵ㡣ź˵һߡ
ɢܴľʵӼܵͣȣȻŲ̫ʵŲϺ˵ʱ֨֨ģȷ˳
ޱݸ˱׿ʣô
æ磬ܵȷеˣͷȵ´ɱˮ˵мƬѺۣȥש߳ܲ߻Ǹ
ôޱʡ
²ϡ⼾ݵֻ꣬ҪߣˮͿ˳ޱӣټ˵ǸΡһ첻ףһѷġ
ޱҲǣʣҪҪȥ
廰ʣְҪ𣿡
ְҪ죬ܻشӣޱ˵һȥɣȥء
ޱԼȥ˵ﲻæٶȣȥˡ
ΪҪţڹӪԵġ
ޱǰʹסҽԺ²ܣˣȥ򷹵ʱϵľɩȻúõģ̲ס˼䡣
ֻ֪龪һҶ˿˵ںڼؼʱǧҪСġ
ޱͷһһл
ڶУԷʱ͸ޱ˵뱣ķ¡
ޱԣԷĶס뱣ķ
ޱгڣǾ̸۹˭չӵ⣬ǱǴˣĸ֪кԸչӣǾͽ¸ˡ
ֻּһһˣϵСĶҪĸϣԸչ˹Ů϶ҲҪޱǰչ˵ޱӣؽͨʱ䣬¡
ʹһЩսѣЩϱϼĺӣ̫ݵӵģ˵ϱаˡŸ£Ȼȫ꺢һЩټӲۼ磬չ˰µһ¡
ˣǰĸչһ²࣬ǿԳʳãǱҪޱÿҪļܴ٣кܶ඼ʱ
ڸϴ裬ڼҵʱҲԼϴޱϴ·СݵȣﶬڴҴ·ټǺǴģ¾Ͳˣ¡
ޱԼ·Ҳһ·صܣȻݣͷߣ·ܷӣϴҲ鷳
ڼҵʱ·Ȼޱϣڼҵʱ˵·һϴޱ֡
ޱ˾ӡ
ޱһɿյȻֱ½Ҫһ߾ʮ£ֻӣޱҪǳ£롣
ϱ۾ܾ£ôʱҲ˵кҪע⣬͸ޱ
ޱȻϧ뱣ķǣ˵û뱣ķˣ᲻̫ˣ
ǰҲ뱣ķչӵǲǶ뼸£ͷڹЩ£ҪǱ˵ǰ˵˵Ҳ㣬ԷҪ뱣ķȰסˣ˵죬ҸǰܲηԵˣο£Щôˣ
ô˵ޱپ⣬ʣǼҾݣ˶Էסģ
Ҳпǣ˵ܱߴӵˣҲʱϾؼȥסϰ࣬ȥ°ࡣҳȫ죬һ˯
ޱûshigG٤˵ȿˣ˭һ˯
㲻ʶˡ˵
󾪣ʶˣΪʲôҪҺ͵ܸܵһ˯
ܽ˵ڲʶԺʶˣչģ﷿䲻ֻܸһ˯ˡ
˵Ҳʶһ˯
¥ɳ˯ɡܺ˵
תʣҲԸһ˯𣿡
˵һ˯ҲУϵðֽˡ
ʱȲİһ˯Ҳֽ˭˯ɳ˵ġ
ûôǣ˵˯ˣҿԸһ˯𣿡
ܵҲҪ𣿡һ˵ʡ
ͣҲͲʶһ˯
ûбο
ȻϣѾ⣬ûᵽף˵ֻһʱ䣬µŹͺˡ
ޱ˵˰ɣ˲һ˯ˡ
˸ޱ˯һҲУչ˵ʣ˭ʱõĵ˴ŵ
ޱȻųһ˯˯һŴϣȷҪ裬˵С
һ
극ܾʹǮˡ
ޱڼţøϿΣöȥˡ
ϿΣȻֵøˣŵܾܵߣޱı⡣
𼱻ǵıӰޱЦҡҡͷ
ܿ죬ĿⲻԾ¥ݿڣƵǿߣ߹ȥΧ¥ת
մɨ¥ǰȻʲôûУޱƹ¥ݣߵ¥·
Ǽ¥ݹ㣬һȽϸߣܽ΢ע⣬˸õײͷźͲҲǿһ¥·ǽϡ
һ¥ݾͺܰˣޱȥͨãֻûзѡ
Ϊ䣬Բʰϰ¥ſɨһ飬ûܹ
ޱվһ¥Աߣϥ￴š
ʵûʲô뷨е֣ϵǰܷ޹ӣʱͻһƬסⷿӵʱƬ϶Ǻõġ
Ƭѿ϶Ǵµȥǵߵ
ޱҵƬߣΪʲôıۣ˭⺦
ǼȻߣҲ¥ȥ϶ҪľݣһǱȽϳľݣõǼܡ
ȻܿľͦɣǳȾ֪ӲᣬǼҵȻߣ¥׸еģݶб£ȥзգŮ˲̫ܸɵ¡
ϵϵûõģָͷҲһһ֥˾ӦҲҪ
˾͸˵ˣϵǸɩ򽻵Ƚ϶࣬Щеģ˵ʶʶ˵Ϥûû˭
˵ǼȻʱʱ̶̿ˣǼڼҪ߹ҲѲ˿˶Է춼˵塣Ϊ˺Լڡ
ޱҵƬʵҵҲûʲôã⣬ҲȷƬȻɵ⣬Ǿ鵼µƬѡ
Ȼܻ֤ǿԸıģǾ鵼£Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ˣʵûҪ
ֻ˾뵽˾ҪȥһԣҲҲܸĵ㣬ޱھˡ
ۿ¥ûڵĵطֻǺȻţΪ⵵¥е㰵˺üӣҲûʲôʹ
׼ֱ۽ɨڶ¥棬Ӱи
ΪȽϵִͣŶӣȥȥɨ㣬棬ɨͷȥǸ
һĿɲֹһ
ĵ飬Ҳвֽ֪СһСߡ
Ȼǰвˮ¥ݺĵذ嶼ʪˣ¥ݺ浫û꣬ޱĶƬǸɵġ
ɴ˿ɼƬ̨ǰ˵ģǹ󣬴ҺŽûע⵽СĽߵ¥档
ǣҲһֱûע⵽¥Ƭ˸ŻС˵ǳ⡣

ܻúܿ죬ǰɣƬе࣬ޱĬʣô߸ʲô
˵Ƭ˲ȰǼҵ߻ˣʱʣµģҪҪõϾߡ
ȻޱûεС˵ġջˣڼҵھӹƿ϶ͷ˵ðɡ
л˵



103 ķ
绹ʱ, ֱݶƵ߸ˣ֮ǰ飬˵ֻƬ, 󻻵ȴʮƬҪĽеҪǸƬϲεġ
ǻʣ˼ʮƬߣϳԹ, ܾȥھӼ, ˵Ƭ, ȵȵþͻˡ
һ˵, ЩԭԼƬû, ©ľɩ, ̲סԼݶ˱Ƭ
һ飬ģҲû̫̰, صĲŴ㻻һҲ߰Ƭ߻ȥ, ֱӰѾƬ滻
, ⼸һֱæɫͣ
½æʱޱҲûš
˵㲻ʲô, ҲְƬʲôʾˣٴӼ˵㶫ʳˮ, ̲˵, ϼɫ
ΪͶĶǾɩ, ޱӴټϴҲȫǷֿģһ࣬ޱˡ
һֱĵڣߵˣϴ˯ʱҲɢȥ
뿪ܲŴЩɩ򽻵ֻǼŮ˶˰ɣʵмܲסֻܶ㿪
ܻ󣬾ȥǰкؼϴ裬ϴ裬ԡ΢ʰһ£ˮޱϴ衣
ޱӴǼϴ˳ҲԹ̶ӣޱϴ˳ԡʰɾٰ·ϴ档
ϴ·ʱޱ¥Ϻ˯
ں庢ӷ棬ºͶˣҲӵ棬ԵľܺʱʮӾ˯ţޱСʱǻúܣܿӹޱĹ˯ġ
Ƿʰ
ҲˣޱűͶˣӻߴߴᡣ
ϴ·¥ֱӽ˱飬ߴ󷨣ʮӣ½˯
˵˯Ͳù顣
ⲻôشĹ𣿡ޱЦͻȻѽ
ܼæʣôˣ
ޱͷָڶϣо˺һᣬ̧ͷЦң
һ˵¾½о̥տʼȱȽС̫ԡޱ£֮ǰҲᶯᣬҺܶݣһ¾ͣˡ
ֱshigG٤ڣоü£ᡣ
۾һʣģ
ģڶޱͦͦ˵
ܶޱ°ȥĶƤܿ죬̧ͷ˵ҵ֡
ֽȥֻ̥Сûȥԡ
Сһޱ˺һͣڼܵһֱޱĶӣҲƽʱࣺ˵ж󣿡
ޱ˵Ӧñʱء
϶ġûޱӣҲû죬ССģǸĺӡ
Ȼ˵ǰޱôܣ̲סڣӵĸоҲЩӣʱ۰ӵġ
˵Ժ뵽⺢ǰûܳ˼ۡ
һϣޱͺӶܺúõġ

ұķ£ܻǰŸˣԷѸ٣û͸˵ϡصңܾ͸ޱ˵
˵ǸӵԱкӣһûУϽ˵ڿˡ
ϽǼԱҵӵģǰżȻʶΪԸͶ˺ܿϤΪӻ磬Ҳ㣬֮ǰ˴Ҿߣ򼦵ҵæ
ޱʣ⼸˼ʲôʲôˣ
Ͻ¿ףЩϢǰܣޱܱ򵥵ذÿ˵ļͥ˵ˡ
ܹˣֱţҵӵģɷĸӣйţ֧Ǯܰæչ˺ӡ
ũҵӵģȻͷûţǰͷʹˣһʮһ꣬ܰæչ˵ܵá
Ŵ㣬λ̫ܲʣҲһ࣬ͿܱޱСΪʱ䲻ûӣչиͷܲǰλ㣬ȫûۣұȽϰɾ
ޱʣǰλ㲻ɾ
ûɾĳ̶ȣϱһ㣬Ͻ˵ǶҪȽϸߡ˵
Ըأ
ʵˣϽһӣ˵Ǵӳʵˡ˵Ҫò⣬ҾϽ˶㶼
һ𣿡
С
ǻǷֿɣޱʣһӵģ
ҡͷǣͬʱһӵ׳ƤֿҵģһϱӵģһǸڴӵģˡֻǻ֮䲻Ϥ
ޱͷǾհɣڼҡ
á

죬ޱһˡ
Ƿǳѵõģǹ٣ˣޱ̰˯úܣӵ緹ȥӪǰġ
ҲΪҪԣŻ𴲡
ƣ԰磬ôʲô
׼ޱ˵
ܸɻˣ׼ʲô
ޱֱ׳˵ҵһԱˣȻҪúʲôⰡ
ܣаɡ
Թ緹ϽʹˣΪſţܽӽġ
һԵ㣬Ͻ˵ȷǸʵˣǿЩţޱǰ̫˵ԵЩη
ޱһЩҲش֧֧ᣬϽֱü˴ȥʲô
Ȼ֮£ޱû̫˽⡣
͸ղޱ㲻̫ʣʵǺ£λе̫ʵˡ
ֻǵһμеŻãҪķһֱޱҲܡ
ķѡһѡã廻ˣԼԸ⣬˵ȥҲǲܸʱȥɳ
ˣֱӳ֡
ڶԵǶ㣬Ըر飬˵죬ݴкͿʼɻޱòײŰȰ
ޱĲӦ˵Ҿֱ֡
ǸˣޱЦüŸɣҽ˽˽
ʡ˵
ޱϸļͥ˵Ĳ࣬ȻûŰģŮչĵܵãﲻҪôġޱ˵ģܳҪסҲʾû⡣
ΪۺߺޱûžȼԵŴ㡣
˵Ŵȷ̫ʣ˱ޱСֱ꣬Ӻ֣
ȷǰλɾ࣬ĸɾͷ·ϣϣָ׼룬ûаۡ
˵Ҳͦ˹ģӳҲûզټûкҪչˣ˺ܶۡ
ޱԸȽϺã̫мܵˣֲ֪ɻôΣ
Ǽҷûºڣ˵ʲôʱҿ³˸ǳ
ޱû³ʣǼҶķô죿
ԱЦˣͬ־֪ܲûʲôǮ·ӣԺȶֵأ뱣ķĹʸߣֻҪǼҵķ˵ſҶҪЦݡ
ޱ⻰Źϵ̫ܲã˵һμ棬̫Ϥûʣֻ˵ԼؼʱɷΪϵҪ˱ķڼϣȫͶ뵽УҪΪ鵢Ͼֻ£Ҳϣ;ˣ𣿡
˵ģҹڼΪµ
ʵϣֻҪ˵͵ϰ࣬ҲӦȻѵõǮᣬԼҲԸ͵˱֤úѹ
ޱͳȥܺϽһٷ£չȥ
뱣ķҪΪչޱպҲķӴ࣬ȻΪû
ǷûϽмȻû˵ȻǾˣҾͻȥˣҪǺʲôʣֱȥҾС
ΪǵæôãôȥˣǲǹӲ𣿡ޱЦʹ˸ɫ
˵³ɡ
ܿڣϽȻӦ
һģޱ֣˵Ӵˣɻ
ˣޱȥæûʲôŮȥ־ͲˣͷϽ˵
ɻͦһСʱˣѷ˶ʰɾˡ
æ꣬׼뿪һӲˣޱĺ˼ôˣ³Է
ЩԥϽԱȰ
յȷʱܶ˳˶÷ΣãĲζ
Ļ˵ǣȰְǿˣȻҪǸǻ賴Ĳ˸óԡ˵Щ˾䣺Ĳµһóԣ
ȻޱоshigG٤֪֮ȻЩƮƮȻŵ˵걦͸һóԵġ
˾񣺡ԶϲԵ𣿡
ԡޱܴ󷽵˵ʲôʲô
ʱҸÿˡ
ȻܴȣûϢģҲӣͻֺ裬ԼôϲԵĲˣҲûжˡ
Դޱʾȫ˳Ϊ˺óԲϲǵˣΪϲǵ˲žúóԡĳգ
ܣ
л˵
һ


104 Һ
Ϊղ, ɻҲޱֱӾ, ڶ쿪ʼϰࡣ
˵ǵڶ쿪ʼϰ࣬ʵޱܻ죬ȷû⣬ҲŰȷ
ķԱȷ, ܾʹųŵ˴
֪, ޱʣô贲赽ųȥˣ
˵ҸӪЩ˳Է, ˭е˴, Ƕû, ñų, ˵Ǽſմܽңȥ, Ҿȥˡ
ųȥӪˣޱʡ
Ӫָѵվŷ䣬ǽŵ, ˻, ױ̨ŲвУ
ǼǳΣſڳǽм䣬ֱ߷˯Ĵ, ͷ߸˸ͷױֱ̨߿ǽǷţͬǽǷŵ¹¹Ա߷, ܹһǴβ
һ, °ĵ˴ȷֻױ̨¹֮俿ǽڷ, ֻ֮Ŀ϶˴ܷܷţŽȥޱ϶û취ױ̨ǰͷˡ
ױ̨ŲԱ߰ɣǽǷš
ܳڵĻŵʱŰܻײױ̨
ޱ˵ܱ¹Ŵ򲻿ȽϺãɣͼ¡
ޱô˵ܾͰױ̨ŲԱߣٳȥѶȵĴͷλʹý
Ȱڴͷλϼܴ壬źúޱһԭԶʱԵӵҲû취£Ҫķڼס
ޱ˵ȥˮѴһ¡
ȥɡ˵ţԽޱȥˡ
Ȼųҵŵ˴ܾû˯һңľ崲ף͹ˡʣµ̴żʱԼС
ϴԶĵ˴Ǿϲޱܲ˯档
Ҫ˯棿ޱʡ
˯һ䰡ǰְֲҸ˯һŴ˯´ܿ˰ɡ˵ÿͰ͵ġ
̲ס˵ʲôʱ˯һŴ
ֱ׳죬ǰ죬ǰ죬ǰ죬ǰ
ҭסǲ˯һŴǲ˯һ䡣ȻϱźӣʲôʱʱҲҪ˵˵˽ĺò
ޱЦ˵ˣ㲻˯˴͵ܵ϶ְ˯ˡ
𣿡ʡ
ޱͷֿܣϱӵע£ĬƬ̺󣬰˵ͷ

ȻͦģµܳʱԲ̫ġ
ֵػ¹żµʱȻ档ֻ˯ǰ̲סóϱƬš
ͬһסŵܽûôϱϷˣֲǵһ ʲôùġ
۾һͿŵƬֹҲ߷֣ҲƬ
ǵܽصҿƣ;Լᶼˣ극ų°úСʯͷע⣬˵ƺһᡣ
һͷˮĵƣ㡭γǲʲôˣ
û°
ôһֱң
γȥʱе㳤þû㣬ˡ
룬ǰֲûȥʱģҲûôҰɵؿܽ
ܽ˸ջһе⣬ڶͺˣµģƾͰ¸ȥ

ܻؼҵһҲϱú´һȻǲģڱޱҪСģϱ֡
ޱȥˮҪϴ֡
ȻûֺǺǵȥˮѷźޱȻذޱֻһ顣
˵Ҳ֣ޱҲһˣǰûû¸ɹ٣Ҳ͸տʼɬЩֻҪ˼ûôˡ
᲻֪̫ãǱԭֻǱ֣ޱ̲סƫͷʣû
ˡ
ޱûˮϸϸظš
Ľкˣ
ޱ̲ס˵ϴϾҪƤˡ
ˡɿޱ֣治ɫ˵
һʪëޱְȥøɾߵױ̨ǰ⣬شߴ򿪣ָŪ㣬ޱ֡
ޱƤϸ壬߰ͻĸɻٶǻͷûǮĶ᲻Ȼ˲֡
󷴶õ㣬ȻҪ³ܸѩͣӲߴᡣž͸˵ˣһֵĸͶŸġ
ֹͣüʻü򴽸Ϳ촽Ǹѧġų˵ŮҪ֪Լ֧ԼϻǮ
Ĩͣûȥˮޱʱô
ͦõģɻͦڿ졣ޱ˵
ȻޱѧҪϰ࣬Ҫչ˺ӣǻǰʵҲû˼տʼһŪһΣıɰһǰǾֲɨһһδɨ
к͸иˣиҲиϿŲ಻Ҿ͹ˡ
βúܲȻޱ˵һڴɨһΣƽʱﲻҾУһ
ܵͷʣ˯һϰ𣿡
տʼе㲻Ӧڲϰˡ
˯ĥϰߣ󣬵ҹ˾ʱеԡ
ޱر޵ˣҲסѧУᣬǻס˸࣬˯Ҳ֡տʼʧߣҲӦˡ
ֻ˯һֱܺãżС࣬ˣ߸ðӲͨʱ򣬴£˯Ǻܰġ
ˣէȻĥˣޱе㲻̫Ӧһ˵סǻСˣûϰˡ
ܵͷޱϴֵˮŵϣ¥ˣֱϴסޱʣʱûң
ޱ̧ۣȵؿܣǰɴûʹ⡣
ȴԼͻأͷߴ٣ţ
أޱʡ
˵Һ㡣
ޱӦƲ࣬ܶͷû÷գʣγǲʲôˣ
ܣȷˣϱû

ȥһshigG٤ʮѮݵ²½
ȻǶʮȣޱ¸ðÿúʵǳ䳤㡣
ģ·ӣĶҲԽԽǰĿӶûˣֻµġ
ΪҪϰ࣬ҪϿΣŶӣ̫оӣұӡ˵˵ӣϵ·ԼģޱͰ½ˡ
ȻޱҲûӣúµ׹ʸ෢˼Ǯֹѡ
տʼҪϰʱĿӣޱ˹ʣͲҪֹѡ
ޱ˵ְĻָǮ󻹰·Ҳ
ȻĿӰͲ繩ģҪ˵ҲڣҲϸ£ޱǿ㡣
ǰޱԼ·ҪΪʡǮ¿ɱԼ·ˡҪ߹̶ҲûǮһ·꣬ǻġ
ǳʱ·ÿЩҲʹһ꣬ҵӿŶǶ̵ģ¾Ͳôˡ
Ӳ·رʶƺֵڼǵĳǰߣĳ£Ǹϲޱ·
·ȻҲҪֹѣñȳ¿۳ϵֹѻǱ˶ˡޱӽȻͣ˺ǵĿΣѧУĿλҪϣʵûôྫ·ȻԸ⻨Ǯ
Ҳ·Ǯ£ɵӲŻܾ
װ깤ݵ½˵㣬ĸҲӼݵˡ
ĸΪ絽ۣһ٣ųޱһȥˡ
ŮͦŶԼĸȻ̲ס߶䣺ϻҶס·ˣԼҹȥĻͦŴӣ
ģû·ܿġޱ˵
ĸȴҷʲôѽɣС㲻ȥӪ
˵һ١
ֲҲ·ǲԼҹȥˣõ٣㻹뿪˷Ǯ˵ͷѲ󣬵ٱҲǮ
ޱмܲסܣ˵
ֻýͣҪ·еԶͦɣ·Сʱൢʱ䰡Ҳ
ŮᵽĸעѸٱתƣôû
ڼ˵ţĸϳ
ϳȺĸͿޱӣΪǵ̥û֮ǰʱ󡣵ҲСſɵ·Ҳܿ͹
ĸʣӹԲԣû㣿
ȻĸûĸӣԼĶӣޱͲµˣ˵ֵãʱǲ̫һϲ϶
СûķֵҹʵϾµӤҲѷǳ˯˯˳ԣ뵽ĸ˵ˣҸ˼·ɩҲһø㿴
ɩôҲ·ޱʡ
֮ǰ椣Ļȥôණӣ·ҲӦõġ
˵£ĸͲпȢȢеģȻޱûٸŮĶޱÿμĻȥҲֻţΪͷ£Ļȥĺöֻ಻٣ֹŮЩ
ϴϱǲ㣬Լӵʱޱ͵ûôԴҲ룬ǻޱû飬ֻڴﵱżǷԱõҲǹ֣ͷǮͺ
˵һޱĻȥĶһֲȫûù
ǿ壬ޱӣ϶ϱ׼·ûʾչ˹ŮԹԡ
ߵ
ЩĸҲ룬û˵ɨˣŮԶϴϱδܼһΣϴϱҲ
˵гϢ;͵˸ӪԺǰ;϶СӰѹϵ㽩ˣԺڵĻһ˭
뵽ĸĵĴϱԺ󣬼Ů
л˵



105 ׼
ʱСʯͷܼԺ, ճͣܳ￴, ﺰŰְš
ĸұߣ³ǰȿͷˡ
ҽ곤ߺö࣡˵ĸϱȻ, Ҿô
ĸб, Ца, ŵ㳤ôߡ
˵Ҳ˹, š
ĸЦӦ, Ů˵űǰˡ
ޱû˵, һʣֵóǣ
Ȼޱܴ󣬵ǱϾͬ˫̥, òƶȺܸߡǼﳣǵھӣһ׼ȷֳ˭, ĸǿһû, ׼ȷǵ֣ܾ档
ĸĪǵȻҵ, ֿܷûҿ϶ϳǡ
ʵĸӿԸ𳤵Ȼ, Ըԯ, һɵɵ, һԽȡһ飬ſ˵ĸϳˡ
֪еɵɵһݵ˵ź
ĸЦָСʯͷк
Сʯͷǵĸǰźá
꣬һӾͻȥˡ
ǴӺŽݣշ¶ʹǰŽֽظ˵衣
ޱĻȥ˵뱣ķ£˿˸İˣĸﲢȣ˫ִӹ´ɱлЦʣͬ־ɣ
ԣҽСžСҽ˵
ĸ˵УҾͺСˣҲģŹֱŤġ
ܸޱͷ꣬ؼҿɷҲǸʼû˵ʲô̲ס˼䣬֮΢õˣҲ߶С޵ʱ֡
ֹޱҲˣǰûëܴģ̫ܸĹ
ĸڶ˵ǣ֪ôΪнһ䡣
ٸĸ˵Ȼûˣ˵ڣĸҲЩˮޱǵĶһһ˳
Ϊһò̫ණξûʳֻЩɲ̲ˣʣµľ/Ů׼
ϵʱĸֻ˵׼˼·򿪺Ŀɲֹ·ӴЬ࣬ñӣС
ޱʣô׼ôණ
ʮһ·ǰ¾Ϳʼ׼ˣеʱ룬ôࡣ
ĸ˵һۻɫ·ɩģΪ֪кŮ֮ǰʲôɫĲŸճĺӣۻǳܻ߰׵ĺûͳ˿ɫĲϡԼ·õҲ⼸ɫ
ޱ·˵ɩˡ
ɩǸõġĸ˵꣬ޱû׼ӾshigG٤·ر򲼣û׼
ޱ˵׼˼ӵľ·ġ
ſڲ輸Ͽ԰ǵ·򲼣
ޱʣǵ·ôˣõ򲼻ҵľ·ء
ʲôʱˣͻԼˣǿһֱΪôĺӶˣС˵𣬲֪еĺ궼򴲡
۽ͬʱҲΪ⣬Լ̫ˣ
ŶܵҲСʯͷŲ򴲣͡һɡ
ĸʧЦԼǰأرǼµʱ򣬵Ȼ򲼡
´£Ȼǵãһ˵ǵ·򲼣ֵֹܾġ
ޱ˵֣С˵ľ·Ժ󲻻ٴó򲼺ϲûǴܵ·
ҲŶ˵ˣ˵ðɡ
ûޱ¥׼õ򲼣ΪÿȾ·е·ƫӲʺ򲼣õĲϺޡټ򲼲̫Ҫ㲼ϵӣޱܹ߰򲼡
ĸһ˵ﹻٶ׼㡣
ȻظãСһҪ򲼣Ҫ죬ϴ˲øɣ߰Ǳġ
ټƵϴױӲһҪһ򲼣ӳ϶࣬ʱһڿ򲼣Եóúӳǰܶ׼򲼡
ֻ߰ﹻ
ޱȻֻǣʱûô·
ĸһһ˵֮ǰͲµǾ·֮ܲǰ˵𣬻֮ǰľ·
ޱȻܰѼжЩˣʣµĲ·ͱûҡԸǣ·װŷŴҲôռطŰɡ
ޱû뵽ôԶȻô·ʱһϲôôʲôϵˣ
ҳԹαԹ׶࣬Ȼϵĸ뵽µʱˣȻڼҾͳհ·ˡ
ޱ˵һ㶼뺢ӳжʱ䣬¡
ĸͷֻʱϹˡ

ΪĸڼҵԵøʢ
кڣޱûرɻʳҪ˵һĻҲǼڼҪˡ
ԴĸķӦǣҿӹ̫ˣģǴЩϱУ˭ÿһ뼦ӶҸðݡ㣬еúȻ
ޱͦŶ˦˵£޵治ң裬ģˣҿ϶úýѵôôأϡĶ㻹һûԹ࣡
ޱⷬεĻĸû˵ʲôˡ
Ȼܺȣ󼦵ޱܳԣرཷ˾ܳ뷹
֪Ů˯ʱĸֹŮﻳǲǹŮ
ҲǹŮޱ˵
ǹŮҲãܴճ֡ĸڴϣѩ׵컨˵ǲ֪ʲôʱиӡ
ޱ֪Ůϵͨˣڶûƫ˭ǻỹ˼ױܸĲԭⲻ˻ȥ
ⲢܸıΪӲܴڽӴ˼룬ɩûӣ赣ģ˹Ů軹ǵġ
ޱû취ָ裬ֻȰɩ椣ٻϣмҪһأ˵⻰ǰ˵ˣҸɩǰǧᣬȻѹö󰡡
֪ǰҲûǰɣȻһ꣬ǽЩˡĸ˵ţ̲ס̾˿
ܻҪ治ҲҶ⡣
ĸͷʣʲô⣿
ޱ˵֮ǰ˵кŮŮ˾˵Ļġ
ĸʲôǻ򣬵ͬޱ⻰˵ϹǴֶǰͷϱŮϱѲˣȢŵڶ͸˸Сӡ˵ˣǼң綼жӣôӣ
Ǹڴӻ˸ǰ˺üŮ˶˵ӣɷӵأڼֵܶжӣһûеϼҲûУֻǴ˰ѽƵŮͷϣϸ룬ЩŮ˵ֵܽþͶû𣿡
ޱ꣬ĸش˵ǣֻϰ˰ƵŮͷϣ裬ǼһһˣɲܸŮˣʲô¶ֵŮͷϵ¡
ˣҴñӡĸŮĸܿޱ뷨̲סֹ˵ɩʲôʱˣô˵
ޱ˵Ҳɩ˵ǰŮ˵
ĸûʣô˵ҪǴǣҾǲŮվһˣ
ҵ˼ˣҵ˼ǣɩٻĻŮԭ϶ҶϣҪҲù
ɩԺ᲻ûжӣûжǷ޹ϵǺûǻϣˡ
ˣŮƽȣǰһˣŮҲδػӲԺԸϵġ
ĸȻüһ仰־̹ϻ˵ͷôϼһǶϣҸӣϡɩҲǣ˰ɣ
ҾȰϻ˵ж֮︣£̫δغãֻҪǼТ˳ҰܹԲôʲôأ
ĸǷˣŮ˼߶ǲЩˡ
Ȼֱޱ˵Ķж︣Ĳ̫δغãŵģ̾˵аɣȥ
ô˵ûһĸ̲סۣʣ˵ʲôӻǹŮɶģ𣿡
Ȼģҿҽ˵ġޱƶʵǴԭпġ
ĸԴޱ˵ҽľͻˣ㳣̾˿

ĸϵڶ죬ޱͿʼ򲼣Ȼ飬ֹǺܿġ
ȻޱҪ϶ӴһҪ߶߶ûʲôĸ죬ʮʮ򲼡
ޱ֮ǰ߰Щ꣬ĸžùˣͰ¸ȫķŵŮ
ΪޱʱԤƵǰ˺ü죬ĸǰüͽԤڶ˺ü죬ޱҲûʲôshigG٤
Ӳĸŵĸû취ޱ֮໹ЩգԤǰһסҽԺҽԺ˺ü죬Ҳûļһʱ֪ǸüסȥǸûؼҴ
ϣĸޱԼܾᣬһסԺѹһֵޱȥͷˡ
İ壬˵סȥеκηա
ĸĻش⣬ȻǮŮĴʡǮǻġ
֪Ůܺá
ȻŮĺӱôӣһֱϳǾ͸ˡ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵ĸոŮֹ⻰ޱͷˡ
л˵
һ


106 Ů
Сʱ, 賿㣬ޱһŮ
Ȼ̻˳ޱһûô˯, ټģӳѾƣǿſ۱ܱڻͮͮĺӺ󣬾ͱ۾˯˹ȥ
ʮ, ޱֽ, ټ, ҲܶԴ
˶, һ, Ա߲, ܴܵһ˵ͷˣ²ſޱߺˣ
һɤţ˶Χ˹, ĸæʣô۲ۣʲʣ
ô࣬һشһޱεЦ
ĸȻ, ܿЦ, Ĳ٣Ա߲˸ͷ̧ޱԴʣҪҪȵˮ
š
ޱӦ, ĸˮ˰뱭ˮˮű¶ûô, Ů͡
ȻͷЩ, ߶, ĸǺŮһιš
ޱһСһСڵˮȵһ룬ҡҡͷ˵Ȳȥˣأ
ĸˮޱ죬˵ȥ緹ˣһˣӦúܿ
ְŰ̸Ŷ˵
ޱתͷЦ֪
԰ְϻȥǵʱŰ˵ģˣְֻ˵꺢ӣܳӲķŰ࣬˵ʱͦ˷ܣ˵̲סʼͬ裬ǳԲĶ
ĸ˵֪ж˰ɣ
ɻʣҺ͵ܵܵʱҲܳԶ𣿡
ǰȻ֪Լ͵ܵģôȴûиֱ꿴ӻŽǸĹ̡Ȼ׵Ҳкܶ࣬Բôһʡ
ǵȻ꺢ӵĲֻܳʳûôʱʹʮһСʱ
ʵޱҲ˳˵һ̥ӷӳҪʮСʱһ졣һ̥ޱʱ򣬻ѵʱȷҲ
ޱڼ䣬ȥĸ˯ޱֻڣĸӶϻȥġ
ȻҽԺʱޱ꺢ӣû֪ӵжʹ
ƽʱƵƤҪ죬뵽ҪʹʮССʱ̲סĺۿҲûȸö٣Ҳؿޱ˵϶ʹ
ޱ̧֣˲˵ʱʹǿǾͺˡ
ȻǾؿǲľĵȷ⣬һʱСûôҪӣҲദô죬ͬһƶù˭ôΣͻˡ
ޱʱ̫ᣬûõ׼ڣʵ޴ģܾûʲôʵС
죬ӷ̨˺üΣ̫ʹˣΪʲôҪӣ
Ҳûʲô뿴ǵ뷨۾һվͻ˯˹ȥֱڶۣź豧ڻĺӣޱʶԺҲˡ
ҲʶһٿݰͰ͵СһľͱӵʹҲȥ
ޱعʣڻʹ𣿡
á
̫õʹǲʹ룬ǰǵʱ򣬿ǾͲʹˣãӦҲþͲʹˣվʣҪҪã
ĸԣæԱ߲˯ŵӤ͸ñŮһûϡ
ӱڱֻ¶ССԴűճǻͷ١
ޱʣжٽ
ǸֹĸЦ˵
ȷᣬޱ֣Ů˵ÿ
ſŵԣʱĿɿڴ裿㿴õ𣿡
Ҳ۾ͷ͸⣬ںܻǲǻû˯ѣϺͮͮͰ͵ģÿˣ
ޱû˵ĸû˵Ҷ˵ˣճĺӶģǸʱ򳤵ûˣڲҲС𣿡
ƭˣҿҺ͵ܵСʱƬǳÿɺÿˣŲܲСʱŲ
ĸ֪˵ƬյʱˣѾȻÿòųãŰɣͺÿˣ
̧ͷãȻȷŵĲ̫ãⳤܱÿŲţ
ҲĸĻŽɣ׼ȷ˵Ӧٻɶ࣬Ҳôкÿĵط
ϵЦݣֻҪܸˣҲǲΥĵ˵úÿ
˵Żܴŷˡ
һУһװһװϡһװųˣžͺ嵭ڷһӳ̫٣ޱһ˳̫ࡣ
ޱʣǳ𣿡
ܷʱ䣬ټϼĹޣڲˣ˶ʢ¹ģΪǿֲˣûʱ䡣
ΪЩΪޱ׼ģ࣬϶һӳԣҪܳϷټ鷳ܱ˵ȥҽԺʳóԡ
˵ţܴӿڴóǮƱݸĸȥԡ
ĸӹǮƱʣô죿ûڼԡ
ǳȥ˵
ޱͷ淭ֱʮˣǳȥʳûвˣǰ󷹺ʳҪǷų԰ɣ
ĸʡ
Ȼޱǰϰ󷹺УЩˮˮޱθСһ˳Զܣ϶ԡ
ޱҲɲ˵Ҫٰ㷹ˣٴ㣬С
Ǿĸ⻰ܵġ
˵С
ĸ뿪ޱǰУˮˮôôò÷֣һʱ֪ô¿ӣʣȺ໹Ⱥ
ùңЩǸ׼ģȳԣʣµСܽװķƵޱǰҽ˵꺢ӺȾshigG٤ȽϺá㡣
ţޱɻ
˵ι㡣
ӣֲֶˣʲôġޱʧЦҨͽ
˺ܾã˿ڸŨ˿˿ޱ˵úȡ
ǾͶȵ㡣˵
ޱͷȷˣȻ˰뱭ˮˮãȻҲˮϾڻȣ볦θ˶١
˰뷹ޱʼ࣬ˣ߳Ա߸˵
ޱ֪ڣܼûϹۡ
꺢ޱ˯ˣܻչ˺ӣιˮ̷ۣȺӳԱ˯ȥͻ˼·˳˲ˣȥзĸӽӵҽԺֱҽ˹ȥ
ޱʣҽʲô
˵Щעûʲô¡˵
ޱ˿극ҪҪ˯᣿
ٿɡ
㲻
ܷʣ𣿡
Ҹ˯ѣôۣ
ʹ𣿡
ʱޱĻشǻãܣͷ˵еʹ
סޱеֻ֣ḧֱ˵ˡ
࣬Ҳֵáޱ˵ţͷȥԱ߲ŵĺӡ
ܼ״æӱøһ㡣ƣޱЦͦ׼
ܵһαʱʮֽӲվűһֱվţűһֱţҶѧ˺ü죬΢Ȼ㣬ӵʱζˡ
ȥޱΪܻʴӣôӣû뵽ãȻƱ׼ҲȻ
ʵ˵ûʿָҼ¡
ټιӺˮʱһֱźӣ΢Ӧ˵㡣
͡ޱЦеģϡ
ޱԱ㣬ʣµʳｻܡ
ϡõӣܾʹڶˣֱͷﵹӣʣµϡ˾ͱˡ
ĸųԱʱշл£ôͳˣ
ޱ˵ʳ
ĸһҲǣķ˵ݸܡ
ҽԺķʵҲ嵭ز˶٣ô⣬ǸɵģޱԵǿöࡣ
ȻޱԱˣȫˮܳԵľеԼԼ죬̲ס̾˿
ĸæ˵ɲܱ̾ȥԣŲޱ
˵ҳȥ԰ɡŷȥˡ
ޱҲ
ĸķ˲࣬ܳԵÿ죬ûӾ͹̣ŷгȥϴϴ˳Ѵʳô˻ȥ
룬ſշиߵƲ棬ܿƴһ߹ﻹˮͣסŲкɩӡ
ЦӦŵķʣճ극
š
ޱޱͺôˣ𣿡ϸϰ࣬˵ޱˣҩæûʱ̽Թǰ˵λ˳㿴ޱͺӡ
ޱޱѾˣӻ˯
˵䣬߽ĸźڲǰޱ˵Աߴǻһһĺ֡
ޱƣϱ¶Цݣ˽ôˣ
˵ˣ̽ͺӡ˵ţˮշ·еܡ
ĸ͹ˣʲôⲻϹ
ޱޱģܳԵˮЦչĸﱧŵĺӡ
һϱЦݣ⺢ӳÿüë۾϶㡣Ƕޱ˵ġ
ĸ͵ͬУҲ⺢ӵüëޱޱӾСڣֱͦ
ޱ⻰ֱͦôˣѵұӲֱͦ𣿡Ҳܺÿĺò
ĸ̧ͷޱ˵ǲһܱշԡ
ޱ̧ͷȥܣںˮϱˮš
񡭡ȷô£
ޱܵʱĸ͵ۺӵ٣ܽһ仰⺢ӻ᳤ȫŴĵŵ㣬Ժ϶ÿ
ŴǶʵĿޣһۣӶԷ￴ĸ֣

л˵
ѵľȻԼ



107 Ժ
, 죬Ƿúÿһˡ
Ҵһÿ춼ÿһ, һںѾ˸װֵС
Ȼٸְ񣬵ȷԺ󲻻Լ͵̫ܵܳࡣ
֪һ뷨ޱĬʣԼĳţ
̧ͦͷţȻǼ̣
ܺ, 

ºӺ, ޱҽԺסһ, ȫ˲ųԺ
ʮһµ׵ݵ, һֱڶʮǻ, ĸ˵ޱ꺢, Ҫرעⲻ䳤֮࣬˼еĴ¡
ޱʯǵʱ, Ϊûʲôޣֻõʱ, 滹Ҫºë, Ȼ䡣
ǻΪݵ϶ůͣҲʱ˵ó, Ͱˡ
ȥ죬ޱʹһ·, Ҿʹһ, ѧص, ذ·ѹ׷ֱӲűĸ
ޱ治봩·迴ţûҷջĲ鲻Ըذ·ˡ
ޱԹĸ񻰣㲻ôС
ĸô˵ޱôˣ߳ӭ΢磬ɻɵؿһۡ
з
ڲԼ߻ȥޱԼصҵóһ
ճʻΧڣ·֣ͦ˺Ӷ࣬׷
üڻظͨ٣¾Ӫǿȣż˽óǴġЩߵģÿ춼룬ֻһ㲻ҲҪԼǮڹ˽ˡ
֮ÿ춼оóкģ̲סۣʲôˡ
ȿŵޱ·߳ȺӵľɩǱޱԺˣ
꺢Ӳһ˰ɣҲóԺˡ
ҽԺɲֹסһڣ˵ԤǰһסȥˣԤںü˵ҽԺסʮ죬ҲǮģ
˵ҩסԺöܱģⱨôôģÿҽô˵ЩռС˵ˣһСëҽԺס߰ʮ졣
һǰһȥЩ˲͵ҽԺ꺢ס죬µػͳԺˡ
ޱأǰǰʮҽԺס˵ģĿɶǮ
ޱӾסʮҽԺģڼﲻ࣬ȫûУϧˡ
۵⼸ɩУиǰסһҽԺģޱ̣shigG٤Ҳû̼죬⻰⻰˵ģӶףҪ˵Ů˼ƴƴѺȴΪǮסҽԺϣȰˣһӳԿ۵ֻԼ
˵ľɩӵȷûסҽԺ˲⣬˷ǮסĻûҲûԣûֹţµؾͳԺˡ
Ϊ˸ɩʱû˵ŵĻԼ˴ùš
ⲻҽԺסʮʱöԷ飬֪ǮԼ˱ͬоɩĨʱڵʵҼǸҲã꺢ӣҲȰҽԺס죬Ҿ̫˷ˣûӦ
ĻľɩǹЦݣŶǸڼġû˵꣬°ڱɩ£㽫ɵ˻ȥĿڵϱ
ޣЩķΧȻɿ˵ľɩǰ˲֪ڼˣŮ˿ɵûӡ
ֻû˵꣬ľɩͲͷˣҽ˵Ķ飬ʣµҲӦţԼáӵķḻ顣

·߷Ĳŵ˲ܼܽͣſڣޱ³ʱڼҵھӶ˹ޱôյĸǰӡ
ǺóӤϺÿĵطظڣ亢ƤףǸ亢ӱ֮ͦ⺢Ķúܺÿ
ȻҲûǺӵ裬ʱҪһǣںٸ˭ȫͬ
˵ޱģüë۾°ͣޱֱһģӿ̳ġҲ˵ܵģ۾Ӻ촽񰡣
Ϊͷ̫õɻʣò˯𣿡
ղǡش˵
ôõ۾ְֺģ
صҡͷñƯ
⼸ȥҽԺޱͺӵˣ˵ӵͣտʼûʲô˵ʱȥۣøû۾
Ӹò𰸣ֻ̾˵Ǻ档

صҵһ¾·Ϊ˼ţĸûޱֻ˵û仰Ϳʼ߹Ůţ˵Ӳ̫ۣһ𱻸ϻطĻкӡ
ܱȥģ֮Ҳûڴ߸ϱ˵ʱʱٶŮ
ģܿҲ¥ȥˡ
Ȼޱջеʱ˵ԲܸСܵĵܵûȤóϲá
ȻΪһоʱ䶼˯۵ʱָԴ£졣
żҲõͷüëٿĽëж೤˳
Ϊְ˵øͷ̫ãҲ̫ıӣӡ
һ˵Щʱ̲ס˵ú
ޱ˵ճĺӶСǸʱҲģôͺˡ
öòܳô󣿡ʡ
ε˵룬Ȼ룬òܳô󰡡
ǵʱǼꣿȻѾλļӼĵĵ㲻ˡ
ȱȸö࣬ܿ𰸣ꡣ
һϲʣǲǴˣ
ޱ˵ʱû㻹һȥһӱɴӡ
תپʧںС£μ

¥ûã°þʹСʯͷˡ
ղСʯͷˣſͣŵĳͲµޱǿܻˣ͹˾䡣
һʹȻޱѾԺСʯͷˡ
ĸҲˣʱӺŮ˷ֱܷ˵ûڷⲽߵ̨
ܼҶԺм˱죬ܴкȥ˵
ˣܱӦݸޱ˵˾ˡ
߽Ժӣ˸ܷ̣˵ҽˡ
һģôˣ̵ε
ǽͷʣ˭̣
üŵţͿʼ̣аӵ϶̵˵ֳ̧̧°ͣҲǣʱҸҲ˵Ҫ̡
˾ͨ˼ʹϵɩ˭˭ϵö֪ܣ⼸˵ϱϱǲǹϵͦã
ܵͷš
ͷãһͷҶپңԼϱǼ˵ϱ࣬ԼҲ鲻ˣ⼸ǱϱŽ̡
Ȼ̣ܲҾͲɢ̸ˣϱԼмܲסЦŹϲϲǧ𣬻Ů°첻ơ
һԱߵ˾͸һ첲⣬˵
ٰƣҪǰƵиͷͷ޷ǾǼӹ١
סģһǼ𹻻߾乻ѻϱ
ǰ߻˵ȻʮߣûָҲҲδꡣ
ݵЩĺһ㶼ϼңϼҰƣϱϵδػ͡
پ͸˵ˣʮֻܽգ־ˣҪʮٵȥתҵϼˣʮĻǸʦ쵼ְλԽԽٶǵ͵ļûС
ƵҲָҲһء
ϱˣͨĻǶӡ
ͷŮ˼룬ЩҲû⣬˶Ӵ棬ŮҪˣжӵҲˣûӵĿܾǿջЦˡ
Ѿжӣ˹ŮЩˣڹŮʱҲһƣԼ˳Ե÷ʢ㣬ף
ȻޱŮ·磬ϳЦϤĺͲôϤˣкĴˣ˭֪ԸԸƣ
ϾֻǸŮ
һ첲⣬ʳҲ֪Լ˵˻ſѻȥ
û˵죡ȻҪ죡
Ϊûܾͻزˣûܲӵ¾ơ
ټʱȷæȻ˼٣ޣǰͻ˹λ⼸춼תûǹ¡ֱ˵ܲԼޱû¾Ƶ¡
ĸûüֻ¾ʱ䣬ԼЩЩϸϵ⣬ڰ첻죬ÿǣһ֡
ܵĻشѻȥ£shigG٤˵Ǻܿ췴ӦֺǺǵ˵ҲáӶû
˵ӻûȷҸϱٸǡ
Цɣǿɵˣ
л˵
һ


108 ƽ
æصʱ, ޱŷţŹŮι̡
ˣܴչȥʡ
ޱָڴ, ѹ˵պá
СһƢúܣû˹Ҫޣ˹޲ޣҲͳ̵ʱ΢õ㡣
˯öѵ٣ÿҲһ, ̾Ͱ, Իú塣
СѴǰ굽һ, ѵʱ, ɤҲ, Կۡ
Ҫ, ԵľͺôȻĸûͷ, Ϻٿ֡ûôԣͻһҵĺӸѴ, ҪɤŴ, ɱ
СһԱ㣬ͱ۾˯˹ȥޱŵ, ֣ҡ
ͷһ룬óݹȥ
ޱźӳԺһ죬˲Сı仯, ԭĵ˴춼ƿ, ϷһѶ, кӵ̷ۡƿ衢ëˮƿȡͷҲŸƿǸӺˮģ滹ʣСƿˮûꡣ
ͷĳ뱾ͦգһϴɾ򲼣һŸɾû򲼶ܹ࣬ǰɫģû廨ֻ΢±ߡ
õޱȸӲɾͣȻ˵ͷתȥ
֪ҪʲôҲ֪˼ȴƫҪһ䣺ҪҪҰ㣿
ޱϷ̣
ֻܱ붺ȴЩ⶯ȥִתԼ
Ϊιӣ⿪˳ļӣȻղι꺢Ӻ΢·һ£ΪĶм¶һ졣ͨ죬Կؿڡ
һԣظĳȣֵΧһ㲻̫СݵٷҲޡޱݣҲΧ·ʱ̫ܿ꺢Ӻؿࡣ
ܵûؿֻչȥϸĲ
ԴޱУ˾ûôȹżҲܿ˸о§ܵĲʼӦ
ܿ
ֻǵ˽Ҫͷҽ뿪ޱ
ޱе£ſھʡôˡųһ֣ͣסˣҧס촽ٿ
ƽúŸתͷͮͮģŴ۾ɬ˵ҽ˵꺢ðͬ
ޱգղŻʣµĻû˼˵ȥ
ӣտʼֻ붺ޱ
ȻճʱҲĸ̷ۻźȣޱûιӣǰܻЩ˼ιʱصرȥҲܱˣҶ⻹졣
Խ˼ܾԽ붺˭һʱûɲס߻
ܳϿҵǸҴˡ
ޱһбһۣ˵Լ
ȥ裿ʡ
ޱ˵㰮岻塣
ϱ⣬ܲ̾һ뿪ԡ
һȥǰСʱٻصԣޱѾ˯ܸϴˮ裬ϻģûϴһ߿ĸŮ
̽ҪһСǷе˭ҳһһ롣
һֱŮ裬üë۾ͶͿСһģǲǶ쵰
ޱ˯Ժ;ڿƿƤȻ˯ʣ㲻˯
˯˵ţɵޱ߱ס
ޱԾѽ۾˯˹ȥ

˯ҹСˣſ޺
۾ûޱڴϸϱӱߺ´̷ۡ
ҽԺ㴲⼸죬Ѿ˱Ӻ庢ӵļɣŹŮ߶ţʱʱܿճһֻȥ̷ۡ
ͷ̷۶Сװģһһ٣˺̷۴ֱӽ̷ȫƿУٴ򿪿ˮƿĸӣˮ
ʱޱҲˣΪеֵ̧ס۾ͷʣˣ
ѣڳ̷ۡ˵
ޱŶ˵ιӰɣ˯컹𡣡
ܽӽޱȴûصţƿšӱҡα˵Ҳ˯ţ˵
̷ݺòֱӸȣ̫ˣȲСỴֹ̄סܴӵ˴ϷŵĴ﷭˹ģյŮǰתš
˹ġˡܿСһעˮ˫ۣؿǰĲ˹ģܿ쿩Ц
Ӳˣ˿ûиһźӣһͣתŲ˹ģֱݵ̷
̷۱Сһϲĸ飬ÿι̷ۣһƢһСʱһ
ޱڱķᾡ㺢ӣⷽţҲû취ˮͲ࣬ټ˫̥Ҫֻ̣ܻι
ûôọ̇̄ޱԭˮι˿ܵز´Ե˹ŮǴĸ̷ۻι
ΪǰӵĶⷽޱǺݵĵġ
СһȻճʲôӤӤֱһӷ͵ߵĻ̷ۺ͹ίί
տʼίźžͺˣˣСҲˡ
Ů̵ʱ¾Ƶ£ޱʲôʱ졣
ޱûǹϾӳһܣ»һʱ䡣Ҫ죬ȷҪڿˣϾ׼ϯҲҪʱ䡣
ޱʣĻЩϣ
˵ϵõԽǿ϶Ҫ룬ӪҲҪ룬Χסŵھӡ
ǲðϵƱɣޱʣھⲻڱģھϯɫ
ϯȫصĿ񻰣˶ˣƱԽ
ǼˣƣۿͲˣеǿ
˵ʱһһ㣬Ѽһ̣ܲһգǰгĸ˴кͲǺˮҲܴһˡ
ǼÿʮﺣʣѡһһľͲˣҲõﺣƱѼӦȻܱ࣬ߴӵԱҲá
ͲǺˮҪƱֻǱȽ֣ƽʱȥ˭Ҫǰвг쵼и㣬ԷҲԸӡ
һˣﻹмٳˣϯͺܹȥˣҪǾϯǻýʳӡ
ޱһ飬ÿУ˵Ǿ죬ǲǵգ
϶ҪգձҲȾơ
shigG٤ҪѡգҪѡգ˼ŵҷʡ
С
ð¾Ƶ£͹ص˯ˡ
ڶԹ緹ޱҲ˷Ǽҹŵֹһ˺һֽģʲôʲôдһ
Ȼ꺢Ӻޱÿ춼˯ú磬ΪϾѣȻǼһ𴲳緹ġ
ޱ緹ʱû¸ɣͱŮڿתţߵţʣ㿴ʲô
ܸ˵𱦱¾Ƶ£ĶòˣʱûȷҷӺáޱ߿˵
ŮУǰӶ̧ͦͷ裺ã
ĸȻҪ¾ƣޱ˵Ƿˣû˵ѡİɣóӡ
ĸ뷨ܲžͲţܲͲ磬Ůڴһ¡
ǻᣬޱôģڴʵɲס緹ԼԵģΪ˸ղŻһͨѵ
ȻŮ̫ĸ뷨䣬Ժԥѡ˺ӡ
ޱȻ̫ϣԸһģ˵ǵϻҸǱû⣬ûоͶˡ
ĸͷš
ȷӣޱ˵ȻҪ¾ƣʱҪҪס죬¾ƽŻȥ
һ£ĸǺҵģҲĲ¼˺£ޱӾߡŮҪ¾ƣΪȻμӣŮ˵ҾͶסɡ
ܻޱͰԼõӸ˵ˡ
ӪҲѡҲ죬ڵ׶죬Ҳǻޱ
ȷˣͷ˵Ǿɡ
¾öǾ׼ޱ˵򰤸֪ͨھӣҲгˣжԷԼͲǺˮ
ܹŮ°ϲ£ҶסڼԹ޳𣬲гȻԸ㣬ʹӦ

ܶ⹫¾ʱ䣬֪ͨλʱԶ׶ƽҲյϢ
ȻڶӽǰǸӾģټǰ޵Ĵӣӽӳû֪ͨյϢʱ̲סĹɫ˺ü졣
꿴Уȴûжʡ
պƽǻᣬΪԼôڸ޳Ժֻۣпɬ
ŮסԺ󣬿Ϊܵ飬һδʧʹ֪࣬Լˡ
ںŮΪЩŮĵλͳƽֻûõõģԲŻһ
ŮֻлںޣٿƽҲκΪܵĴڣ֮Ѿò롣
ڣƽһ䷢ʲô˵뷨ûС
л˵



109 
һں, ŴӸǮϱе֪ϲǧµġ
ƽʡ׶󣬾һֱס⺣ԺǮҵʮھ, ϵһֱò
ŮͶɷĻڼס£ǮϱȰġ
ƽҵȥǮϱû˵ʲô, ÿŮ, ЦŸк, ڼݴˡ
ֱƽ, Ů, Ǯϱű
Ȼƽûץѱ, ߵһҲƽͳ£л˴ϣȷ͹ˡ
ǮϱЩ, ƽֲʶģ, ŹŮͶ׶ڼסЩһֱ, ˭֪ǲ˽飬ֲġ
οЩ˵굱ӿ, ҲһֱŮսλͷ꣬Ϊְæòż, Ůסڼҡ
ĸŮ, ͷݲΪ
, ųĶ飬Ҳɷߵһ
ˣǮϱɣƽ󣬻ɷҵ£Ϊ顣
ֻǮܾƽʶô꣬Ϊ¸ˣĨ档ٻͨ׵Ļµˡ
Ϊɷ򲻸µҲûɣǮϱֻűӸھӣƽʱô򽻵˵Ҳ̲ס˼䡣
Ҳˡ
ӸǷСУһϵģԳƽȻôӹϵһֱܺá
Уҵûܱ䵽һ
ʵҲȫûᱻ䵽һ˶ѧԱ󽢶ӶͶ֦ʱ˵Ըһ£䵽һطĻܴ
ƽĶ߷磬̫ԶսѲ˶ӵȥ֪ܵº󣬾ʹȥ϶˵ݵ
ȻǮӺܲһطЩ곣е绰żԺԷĽ
ϲǧ£绰ʱżȻġ
ȻȥݵЩ겻ôһǮϱǿܳģԼֶÿ˵ܹúãɫ̫ãעܵĽ
ϲǧǮϱͶ˼䣬ȴˣʣǼǲҪţ
ոƽǻᣬǮϱùϵ˼αں˹ϵͽ
ֻҪ棬ȻƽЩû˽飬ԾеֱҲֲס˶ִ⡣
ټڷλӦģЮԱĶԼ޸ƽ̲סﰵԼͳȽϣһѹ
ˣǮϱҲǺͺġǮϱҲһЦ֮
Ŭá
˶ǽģʱ嵭ܶ£ǰٺã뿪ô꣬Ҳòˡ
˵׳ӣ뵽Ĳǳꡣͳãּ޸ƽ£Ҳἰ
ȻǮϱܱͣǾˡ
ʵǮϱܱ죬֪Է⣬ǵöЦӭʣʲô
ȻһǮϱ͹ֽѽСϱϸ˸ŮҪ¾㲻ỹû˵ɣ
°ʱ䣬Ժݺύ·˲١
Сܡƺ̷Ӧ˲࣬˵ļޣų뿪Ҳôˣ⼸ѹû
ģҲˡ
ǮϱպܣҿܻᷴӦ㣬ȥգܶ˾һʱûӦЩסˣshigG٤˵ƽͶӹϵãƽӽʲô֣ǲġ
˲겻֪ܲϲǧͫȻάֲסºεɫ촽
ɫǮϱˣѽһ˵㻹治Ҫ˵ôҲСܺ裬ôôأôҲ֪ܲ
˵겻ش𣬾Ȼ״˵Ŷˣֽǰộǰźڽ飬ž͵裬ԸЩϲ²Ź֣
ǮϱⷬϢ޴ȻһƬ
֪˶𾪵֪꣬£˼ֱġ
ΪǮϱ̶̼仰꾭ӪٴλһŭĲ£ϲǧ¡
ȥŮأαҽ²Σ֪ͨ飬׼¡Ůһһεذ˹֪Ůܣټһ档
ԸŮĲܹתƽ绰ݵ˵¡
ƽտʼ棬ǸѾûһЭˣȥ˵绰
ɵ绰ֱͨƽ̸˽»ǹ£֪ǰߣֱӽ绰ˡ
绰ҶϺƽڼҺݺݷͨٲӣϸܴ绰һΣô֣ûиı⡣
û취ֻԼܴ绰ֻһΣ绰û֮ͨͿʼƽдţϣܿڹϣŮ
һżĹȥûл
ڶŵķżĹȥͳͳûͱ˻
꣬޾ĵȴһһεʧУŮĿ
ҲֻǾ飬ںԼµľֱʱ˿̣֪ϲǧſʼޡ
ϸ²ŮӾǶ·ݻϵġ
·ǹ꣬ȥһţϣܻջûŮȥãٴյ˼
ŮȥǰΪԼҪĺܶ࣬λƽ͸õҪֱŮȥ֪Լˡ
棬ֵ¹źüˣɷƽǺ߹٣ݵλƽ͸õˣάϵЩѣҲûʲôᡣ
ʲôˣȴԼһУҪıҲѾڡ
Ůȥð꣬Ҳˣʵˡ
뵽ŮܲʹĥȴټһʱȴںǸŮٯٯް
ΪʹޣûǮϱҴȥ

֪ҪŮ¾ʱޱܺ˶ԵıҪΪͳ
ͷޣҲס˷ѣϯϸձٿģһˡ
õǼԷִԲĶھӽ衣ȻӲȫһ׼һʮˣһʮĸҲٶͲУ첲첲⣬ʱ
ϯһܹʮ˵ʮˡ
ʮҺ٣ϴҪҲͶʮĹһȥˣٶǹϵʵܣԼ
Զеļͥ˶һҲ๻
Ҫ´ȥ󣬺Щû¡սѣֶס˼ƶԼô죿ܸܲ˵Ǹûɡ
ҪǲϤģҲǸһҲܵǰ£ϵòãﶼġ
ʵĻǹϵûôҪãϤˣƽʱദûìܣʵڲþܾ
ֹܣޱҲˡ
ԴޱԺ½̽ͺӣҪ¾ƵϢȥ̽¡
ε̽УЩˣеû롣ϾǱֻϯޣ˵ȻǴӹϵõĿʼ
Щûģ˵ޱǹϵãҲڣֻûôöѡ
Ǿûôã˶̽ˣ£ܼܲװưųɡΪԺü棬ޱͰ˸ˡ
ʱޱܶиԷֻͨǽ߶һˣһˣԱ࣬˫ӵ¡
ĵ˭˭μӣ˵˵žͲ̫ԾˣܹŴ׼ϯôôࣿ
ȻޱʹӴʼǱ򿪿ʼǼԱ
ԽǼǣ˱ԽϾ
ıǳ꣬Ǵ󳬱꣬ƣ¶ҪȥˡȵǼһȷҪƣеüһ
ޱãȻģôôˣ
һ˵֪͡ɡ
ͷƱ𣿡
˵ƱãѼܽ㣬¸»ǣͲˮҸ˵˵Ƕ㡣
ĻͺǵʡŵԣѼܱߴӵ򣬼ҲһʣµĶҪƱƱһʼû㶯ôӰ졣
ͨޱҲþϯӵҲǺֻܴܸҪ˾С
뵽ޱ˵Ǳ߲˰ɣ
Լˣ˵Ӧòᣬϵ֮ǰûĻˣǱأ
ޱ˼˵Ҳࡣ
ܵͷУ˽Ӱʺꡣ
С˵£и׼ޱ˵겻̫ģʣӦû˰ɣ
Ӧûˡ
ֶһ飬ȷûޱźϱʼǱصʱ˷׷׳һ룬ϣٳˣ
л˵
һ


110 
ĸ֪󳬱굹Ǻܵ, ˵Ǿû飬Ԥǳе£켸ξǾ֪ˡ
ޱܵȷûаƵľ, ǽǻᣬʵ˫ĸޱͬѧҪ룬ʯûʶˣμ߾ϯ, ʵ϶ͬºھӡ
ǻ͸˵, ܾô, ؾӪǰִ̫, æ, ¾, û롣
ޱڼңʱϣٳµҪź, ǵ㾭Լޡ
ޱ˵´λ֪Ҫʲôʱȥˡ
ͷƵͷô࣬Ҳһ¾Ͱˡ´˵Ҫѧ, Ƕʮ, ̫ңԶȰǰⳡưðɡ
뵽⣬ޱʣ㿴ǻʲôҪעĲ
ĸ˵Щ, ˣϯǼǵö౸㣬, Ӧòࡣ
౸ޱ¶ԥshigG٤, Ķ˵, ˲ð졣
Ҫµʱ򲻹ԣõ㣬Ƕ׼㣬ĸ֪ޱĹǣ˵Ѽ治ҪŰ֮𣬶ŵ㣬ز˱㣬ʱˣҲڲ
ᳬ
ǵȻϼңϯһһЩ˾ǲԾˣʲô취
ÿطƶԼĹأͶ٣˴٣Լ׵ģ׼ϯһ㶼ǰվ׼
ⲻЩռС˵ģǮûͶ٣ҪϼҴȥԾơֻȻԾȴø˼ƽϣһԷ񣬶ϲӣֻܲ׼㣬󲻹ԡ
ޱ˵ܻٸ˵˵
û̫ΪѣΪӣȥгʱ˸ۣÿжͲǺˮֱӰȫԤˣ˵츶ǮټϼѼˣ׼˺ס

ӵڶ죬ޱͻص˹λ
ޱ˵ˣ¾֮ߣټҲڼңϰһ죬ûѺǴѧУ
һѧУưͦʧ˵һΪѺӴ
ޱڼ䣬ưǼȥ̽ȻҵĲֹ칫Ｘˣ칫Ҳȥ˺ü
ưǸտأޱŮúÿʱŲ֪֡ޱϰ࣬ͦڴޱ˵ѺӴ
ûС
ޱ˵⼸첻¾ƹɡ
ޱ⻰޻ʣ㱣ķǲǾ뵽¾ƺ󣿡
ޱͷ˵ǣ֮ǰ˵õչҵ꣬⼸࣬Ͷ졣
ɻô޻ʡ
ͦõģɻϸ£Ҳޱ˵ʣҲ뱣ķ𣿡
ưʣ뱣ķʲô
ͷ뱣ķʵǼͦе£˵Բ룬ֻû³뱣ķᱻڸСɣ粻ȡ
ˣЩɩһҲͻӣʵչ˵£Żһʱ䱣ķ
ޱΪʱȱ˳Ҳڱ˵
Ϊ뱣ķ֮ǰޱȥҽԺټҲͱȱ˶£ⲻЩۼҲˡ
û뱣ķڼźǾͲ˵ˣԻưƲŶһ䡣
޻Ȼûлشȴ¶˼ɬҲԾ˶ϡޱ꺢ӣһģ㸣ʣ㻳ˣ
ģư𾪵ؿ޻滳ˣʲôʱ£
޻˵ǰղһˡ
޻⻰칫ʦҲưͷ칫Ұ죬ޱֹ˵ǰ칫ǲǷˮغã
ʲô
㿴ȫУôʦʦУǰ칫ҵģⲻǷˮ𣿡
ޱٸ⽨š
ưƻعڨڨҲ˵˵Ǿͦɡ
˵䣬Ͽ𣬰칫˶æʰ̰αȥ
ޱͻưһߵģճ칫žͱסˣķ¡
ޱûֻʵؽ⼸Ĺ޻˵ʱķûϸǰһģȷԷ涼˵Ͼÿ˵ͬΪ˲ɻҲڿ죬޻ȴδػôá
Ը޻Ĺȴϣʱ˴תԹ
޻ҹٿ뱣ķ϶ҲǻаˡŸԺ£Ҳûȷ᲻ڴֻͼġ
ޱǷֿ߽꼶Ľҡ
ֻһûϲû̫仯ֻǿޱʱЩʺõ
һЦޱҲ¶ЦݣʺýЦͬѧǺãþò
ʦþòǷ׷׵
ºкʣʦҪϿ𣿡
һӴͷҲʦԺ󻹻𣿡
ʦС𣿡
ʦСкŮ
ȻʵܶѧϰûʲôϵޱһһشˣҪϿˣԺӦò볤٣һǰģŮ
ش꺢ǵ⣬ޱαʼϿΡȻһ¼٣εͬ˽ȣҲϤҪݣ˿Σڿνú˳
ĸȻ̫ģ¹ŮôļٺصλӦޱʣϿô
˳ޱ˵
ѧ𣿡
Ƕܹԡ
ǵλ쵼أû˵ʲô
ޱЦã٣ֲǿ󹤣쵼˵ʲôģУܺ˵ġ
ĸ˿ֹ˵ⲻǵ
ףϵ£һᴦõġޱ˵
ŮôţĸٶʣЦ˵ӣǰһΣҸ˸򲼣̷ιԱ˯ˡ
ϴ𣿡
ϴˣҺСˣô
ǣˡޱ˵ȥˡ
ĸ˵¥ϿأСʯͷҲڡ
ޱԣ˵˾䡰¥Ҳȥ˶¥ԡ
ΧСſڴϣޱߵ¥ſʱСʯͷʣôô˯춼þ˯
㲻
ó˵˺ܶճӤ£ԾǸѧˣĸűһСʵԼ֪𰸣Ҫϡ㲻֣ȻſʼͣСӶһҪ˯
˵˵ſ˿ǣ벻˵ǶٸСʱˣööСʱм˲ŻѣԱ˲Ż˯
Ȼ˵ò̫СʯͷټĻԺػȻԭ
Ȼٳһ㣬Ͳô̰˯ˣʲôܸһ档
ʲôʱܸһ棿ʵСʯͷܸܲһû̫ڴ˵ͻϰԵһ䡣
Ҫôʱܸһ档˵ʣ֪óôʱǼ𣿡
һֱûڵĵܵ˵˵𰸡
ֳõŶҲû˵𰸡
Сʯͷָͷ̫ȷʣꣿ
Ǿֱ̹꣡˵룬óôҪ룬ļĵڰˣӰһ꣬һ꣬Ǿ
СʯͷѧϰȺһģûѧС㣬ټһ룬һ룬ٰһּ꣬λһðһͷˮ
κģֽһ飬Ȼʣ𣿡
̫ͷʵʵ˵
ɴ۾ôⶼܵܽһξͶˣ
Сʯͷ߾shigG٤ͷ
۸Сʯͷޱ߽ȥԴֶСʯͷ˵˵ģ͵úһӾͶˣûãһû
Сʯͷ˿ԭûô
ʣҽû𣿡
ʵĽ㲻ϲã˶СʯͷͲȥκĽȻҲ㲻Ϻá
Ϊչ˶ӵģޱ˵ǲãֻǲף㲻ţһ飬Сʯͷܲˡ
Լｲòףõܵܽһ顣
ССʯͷģЩ٣ּλһ
СʯͷȻܴȻ⡣
ԴޱʵСʯͷҲȫûĹͣû㽲Ҳô׹
СʯͷҲ͵ԣʵ룬˵Ҳˡ
Сʯͷַο£ܿ˵ôĶСʯͷôһ㶼
ޱǺ£ǲеŹͷˣ

صλޱֶӣϢȹ
ͷеѣ࣬ԹŮ¾Ƶûôһˡ
ޱǼġ
ĸڳæҲӲгûͲǺˮˮͷǰϴš
Ҳ緹һŰڴݡ
ޱյǰŵīˮƿպպȻתӳ
ܵܵĶѧߵޱ
к紵ɫݵޱǰüչһһһһܿ죬Ӵʧ˴롣
ݿ챻ûˣӸŬش˽
ֻޱݶ־ͿˣֵȴҪλûǾһƬơ
ޱ˿ã㼱ˣų͸״˵ţǵݶˣ
ĸＱۣûŮ㶼ˣӽϾǲа
У
ޱ˵ţɨСʱ̲ס˫ָǵԴϣ˵㻹״ǲ
ʵжޱ𰸣໽лţ۸Һ͵ܵ
ûս𲨼ȴˮ𣺡
л˵



111 
ޱЭ, ֵ˸ŨܴݵķˮŰס
ֻеƮĸˮߵؼϵëʱ, չȥһݣƮɢв䵽ˮ
Ȼﺬķˮ࣬ߵؼëҪϴü飬ϾҪڵʳ, մ˷ˮôˣ
ĸ߰Ѽ߳˵, ҪݸϽȥ, Ⱝ, ô, ˮմԵô㣿
, ֿʼ߶ޱܣҲǣʲô߲ãƫҪҷˮ, ˮõϽߣ
跢쭣ޱϽӴԺ档
յԺ, СʯͷӼ, ڴݣСһŴӼ뵽м䡣, ޱȥԡϴˢˡ
ˢϴޱʢ
Ϊˣڹеʱе㳤, ڼĳ̶, һܿͳˡշ, ¥ϴޣޱϽ¥ȥŮ
ߣޱϰȥ򲼣оеʪ㽫ȡ򲼡
ȡ򲼣ܾͽˣʣˣ
ˡޱ˵
ܴӹ˵ȥˮ
ޱӦȥ㱧ŹŮߵ棬⿪¿ӣ¸ι̡
Сһǰһ뻹޺ţһ볢ĸֹסᣬڴڵغ
ܶˮŵ˴ϣӳó͸ɾ򲼣ڴߵš
ʮңޱס·ŤͷҪݹȥŮɾ˵ѱҰɡ
ޱŶӽ
ܱŹŮ˴ԲãСӵζأʱûʲôɻ䣬ͦʱͽŮɾˣص򲼸ϡ
ЩʱޱҲѾ룬תڴϿĶЦԽԽˡ
Ҫˣʱǫǫ飬ܺܲ䣬˵Ժ
ޱЦȥԴҧָŮš
տʼֻСһСһҲֻţЦ
ڳЦޱ۾
ŹŮսޱĸŮš
ſţޱпҹŮÿ
ÿŮȻҲÿ˵
ޱ̧ͷܣҵҲаְֵĹ͡
䣬ޱͱŮһƣʹĹĵס˹ŮڱСѣΪԼúÿȫģο㲻ôͬĻҲ΢ת㣬ֱִķʽ𣿡
ܣ
ޱŶѵŮһҪôֱķʽĻ´Ҳѡڵ˲ڵʱְֵöѹ
شڱСѵĺZZZ~
ĸ㽲Ȼ˯ˣޱţ˵ܹŮ
ʹԼܣܲס
ޱε˵ðɣȼţ㳤ٽѵ㡣
ޱͬؿѾ˯ŵĹŮ˵á

Ȼϯʮӿʼʮ½бš
տʼŵĶǹϵȽ׽ˣǱĶӪսѣޱߵһǵǡ
˻¥½ӴŮȥԣޱͺӣСǣ档
һԣ˵ôоǷּˣ
ûʲôоʣôϴβࣿ
Ĳˣϴûôණһ˵رŴ֮ǰĵطڶˡ
˴϶ȷ࣬տʼֻ˱죬ͺӵƿ̷Լˮƿȡ
ޱڼ䳣̽йϵ׽ǣûеˮԵģ͵ߡ
ˮ½ˣ龫û꣬һڴϡټΪӵĳ϶ڵ̷۳Ե̫࣬¹ռԽ׽⣬ܶණֻţֱӶڵ˴ϡ
ôһȻԽԽңҲԽԽ
ôһ˵Ҳ˵ģȺӴˣûôˡ
˵ãһ˵ޱ;ǰ󷢺ڣǻúüshigG٤꣬ҺӴ˿϶Ҫַ˯ʱ﷿仹һ
Ǽҵط¥¸Ӧס˵
ͷûŮʱ򣬻ϴ϶˯ԺٷֿҲû¡⼸϶ӿճ˵ںӵֿ˯ǰҾͰ¼ˡ
˵ʵǼҸڵķҲطסúܿɡ
Ǽҿ˶ˣɵĻùƲˡ˵
ھ֮ǰԼң˵Ҳ֣һ°üȴûѡԼҵķӣǸһֱš
סķӺͿշӻкܴģƼҵķӣϴδģոܽ飬ǻᣬ߰ˣڼֻССڷӿŻͦá
ԼҷǸɵģڲ꣬ǰ궼ãԴȥߣⷿۿɼϾŻܼҵķӡ
ڣ£ڹҪסˡ
ԣæʣʲôˣôʱɩٻβһ㵽ˣܶ඼ٵ£Ͼȥɲס
ǸӪӪޣǰӲ𣿺ȥˣȥɥģЩˣһȥϼҲûˣ²˵ҹΪǲʱ
ʣӪϱô
˵û˭
Ӫأ
˵˻ԣͦϤҾͲ̫ˡ˵ôҲûãӪٺദһڼãÿϱԸô˹¸µʱˡ
ҲǣǵҲǡ
˵оɩ¥Ϊ˸βݱʣʲôأ˭Ըô
ǺסŵھӣΪʹЩޱƽʱ㡣
ǰֻʶһʱΪޱƹϵãҲϤټӪһӶ·ˣ֪¾ɩ£ûţѸղĵļ˵һ飬Ǵ
۽չȥӡ
ޱŮؾͲᣬرԲĿŰװ֡һ˲٣ͬʱԲˣ̲סѡ
ҲȷѣЦ˵⺢ÿãԲཱུɰȡ𣿡
ޱϵȻûõǳ̶ȣֻޱմҽԺǼ̽һΣʱֻûȡŻôʡ
ޱ˵ȡˣƣСб
޵ֺСһ֪ǿ⺢ӡ
ʵޱŮȡСʱûôֻ࣬ΪŮٳٶòʣܾòãԺŮܽеֶûС
У;ȸŮȡСΪܺССñ̫ʽΪܶСбǵĳǻƺΪͷУŮȡΪ
ڣһӣޱԼڹŮ˴ԼСڱȻƺŮΪС
Чȡʵˡ
ޱţʹһȺСѽԣʣ裬õֽбǱ
ޱûʣֽʲô㶼֪
ֱ֪׳˵˵ýбܾܵȻ˵ԣ˵ýбǰְźǺñ
Ļ˵Ȼְñþͽб
õܵܵ˵վסţҽְͽ𣬰ְͺýбǰְǶΪʲôýбأ㿴˵öԲԣ
ޱȻ˵ĺеõСȷб

л˵
һ


112 
ΪıԽԽ, ¥ҲԽԽӵޱͺ½¥ŵĻǸˡ
ӵĲ¥, ¥¿ԺﶼˣΪϯѾںãͷֻҿյվŻš
һкôˣܽҲڰæ, æòɿ
Ҳæ, ĸվ̨ǰ, һһ̵سŲ, ŲûŲæ, ˳Ӧſڰŵú¯, ʱʱͲôˡ
ҲʱʱæЩܼ¡
æʮһ룬ĸԽæ˵ӡ
Ͻϴɾӵݹȥ, ĸʢ˵ʱܽûҪæ, ĸͷ˵С, Ͳ˺ûУҪǺ˾׼ϯ
ܱȥ򿪹һһȷ, ˵ˣ׼ϯˡ
Ӧкϯ, һ·֪ͨ¥
ޱιӺ, Ϊ˶, ûιĸ飬ӳ̷ۡ˶ȥߣŮʣʲôʱѵģ
Ȼ˺һ֣¥¥¶ˣʮӣ¥û
һˡޱ̧ͷˣԺǵú𺰱
ɻ󣺡ʲô𣿡
ղΪõֲ㳳˵ýбȴ˵ýбǺñǺ
ǲǸ߹֣ܿЦʡ
ֲǲ֪ԴټôŪҲ֡
ǰԼֶܸڸõ֣ޱ̫ˣ˵ԺҪôҪôƣҲУٺˡ
ܣаɡ
Ϊ࣬ûڷô˵껰ȥˡ
Ȼܸ֪˾ϯʼ£ҲкΪֲ̫࣬Ǽһģ£ȥ˽ʮӣ˻ûȫ
мɩ˵ܿȥʣôϯ
ϾȥһɩЦ
мӣΧмŵķţܹȥһкͷ˵ϯǶȥ
طСھϯ㣬ԺӴͰӶˡ
˷׷סһͷСһﺰȥ
ǰְˣʡ
˵кüӶǸŰְģΪְָһҪȾƣԼҵطҲиһģԼûϯǾͲ֪ˡ
Գ⿴ǰԺط㣬ϯòˣλʣȥ
ǰ漸ͬӶֻ˼ˣżСڽƬ
ܺ
Ťͷܵǰʣְָ
ְֽһ񡣡
ǰְԼı֣shigG٤һ˾ʲô񣿡
˵мСѲ֪ģҴǽгһϣչ˵ǣ𣿡
￴ۣСô죬Щԥ
ܼĳ˵Ƕǿˣֻǰְ趼£鲻չǣΪϴǲӦóдǣ
뵽Լϴݣ̵ͷǣ
Ըְк𣿡ʡ
˵ܣ
ܵͷ˵ãְеߣЭⷽǸŸߣӦˣŴӦ
ܽݰǼӽгϣýﻹƬĺλã˳ѿľɩǽ˳ǰŵʣµĿϣ鷳ǰտǡ
źˣܾȥǰ棬׼ȥʲôʱϲˡ
ճȥͱӪＸ˸סˣºȾƣԽҪúùһ١˵䣬˸ܵ˱׾ơ
ͷľƵ˵ȥܲϲˣǺȡ
ϵĶ֪࣬ټʹظ˾ƣûæȥˡ
ĸڳˣæŽͲʢʣһŰȫǲˡ
߽ʣôˣ
ˣϲ˵˹Ʋź˵ġ
ţмʡ
ʢһռָָ̧ĳ˵ˣ񡣡
ߵǰȥ˰æ˲ˣԼҲ˸̣ĸ˵˳ȶ̺ˮȥ
ֻյתһȦ̾ͱˣսæ˲ˣȥȾơ
£һ˾ͳ˱ƣǿҪһڸɡ
ܵǴҪҹ
ӪͷЦѵõĻ᲻ǣ˵ߵ˸ơ
ΣƱ˵ȾƿԣܵøҵԶӵʱɣ
ԳԣƤ趹¾á˵ţ̻ǰ
ܳƤ׾ƵѹȥŵսѸ˱ơ˵ƣҲͷһڸɣ⣬ǿɲϯûԵһͰ˹ˡ
ųõĲһ̱˳ȥϯĸҲͣĻ˱׿
ϯʼǶȥԾˣڳĸˮ˵СҲȥϯɡ
ǳô죿
ĸ˵˶ˣӦûʲôˣ˺˵ɡ
Ӧȥȥĸ˵ȥ¥Ͽޱޱͱ
ϯҲޱͺӣرǺߣϾСһ¾ƣҪ¶һ档
ĸЦ˵ޱޱѺӱ
¥ޱҲĸ¥ѾŮ˱˿ɰСñӡ
ĸݺ˼亢ӵѣûԣûޱһһشĸŮűź¥
ߵ¥ݹĵطޱͿܣžƿ;ƱҪޱһźȥơ
ߵ棬ޱŵϵľζʣ˶٣
ı
ĸһʣôôࣿ
һȺ˴ҹ࣬Ÿտʼ϶ҪһѾ׼
ޱͬ뵽һ㣬˵Եˣӡ
ܵͷ֪
˵꣬ǰԺȥȴӪսѾ
ҲнģȾܺȵģһԽڻҪգȰȫǼ꣬ɩǼˣŮ˺аȰƵģ˼˼Ҳ˵ʲô

ޱܱźӾʱһѲͣ־ۡ
Žͧű򿪣һĸߴźƷˣӴ£ɫ㣬˫ԲͷƤЬŮȺ߳
ͷˣͷվŵĽӭȥֵͬѧþò
ĽڣվŵľԱǰ׳áнӹ䡣
ˣҲƽ佻Է󣬳ĽЦǰöˣЩô
㡣ĽЦֿƽŮˣʵλɩӰɣ
ͬ־ƽֶ˵ҵȥָѧԺʱͬѧֻ˾Ա
Ц˾á
ĽЦɩӿˣһС
ɡЦȴû溰Է
˵䣬ӽͧһӾˣĽжӹĽͷ˸Լºкƽߡ
߳ͷһͣľüա
ĽڸʻȺתͷʣȥдǣ
ƽδ˵¾ӦÿʼˣǲȥȽȥд
ƽĽ˵ܲ鷳ȥܼ
ް༸ʮˣڻڲӵĲһ룬һУӸλĸһùϻ˵·ĽƽȻδϵһֱάϵò
ټƽȻŭܵѡҲԹԼģֻһӣ˵ٺݣȻ
Ľ˵ƽ˽ƸܣܻܾͬѧֻӵĽȻҴš
ˣ⼸֮䳣硣
ƽݵҲϵĽԲĽԵͷ¡
ռôȻѹĽûۻͣȻһ
ܽŮ¾£ڼҲʲôܣ˵ƽ֪£Ľġ
ƽô˵ĽûʣþԱѳȥ
·ûж̸ܵ£ֻܱ߾ɫš
ʱ׶Ѿ붬ݵȴů紺ƽʱǾ£Ǽñڻﻹ̲סš
Żһ·£˼ñ£ȵʱѾװﴩҲˡ
·߾ɫ˵׶粻ɫ·߸ߴľͺͺģҶɨĻѩǡ
ݵϲľȻЩݻƣ·ľȴ֦ҶïҪؼǵڼ£˵ΪŸ
ļ䣬ˡ
ĽþԱֱӽ棬Ȼûȥܼޱ֪Ƿסڼһ
ԱڸĽԼҲϤȥƣͽܼͣſڡ
û³ƽͿ˺Ժŵϯ뵽δĶӣδıŮ˴Ī
л˵



113 үү
ȷƽĸ
ܺޱźӾƺ, ûиŮŮȥǰһӾӶľϯ˸λá
Ϊλź·ƽһ¾shigG٤, Ϳǡ
ֻƽ˵ʮûѼǲ̫ģɨȥֻ졣ŵסֹܵ˵ղǸүүúְ֡, ĸ, Է˭
ĸɫ, ͵߳
ô, ߵǰԺʱ, һ˸պƹ
ĸ, Ҳ׿мģ
ƽʱ˵Ǵò꣬ҪǴСû˵裬ǳͯ, ˵׵Ŀ϶١
²ûиŴ겻ʮ, ͷѾ˴, ҲơֻıֵòҲûд󸹱, ټԽҲǸ˧ͷ
ֻϧ, У
ĸüͷ, Ŀһɨ, ͿֱߵŮˡ
Ȼһĸˣһٺ˶ƽֱߣǸŮǸ˭ģʲôݣԶ
ƽֻһģĸܻῴڽŮ¾Ƶķϣö֮شǸŮ˳֣ĸͷĻ˲ʣʲô
Ժ˶Ʊյע⵽ſһ˵Ĳ࣬ĸôһ˲䳯濴ȥ
һپٶվ
ĸȴû쳣ߵǰָƽʲôط㾹ȻŮ˳֣
ΪĻĸܿϳƽƽȴûϳĸϾʮûǶģ
ĸʣƽüͷ΢΢𣺡λ
ĸҭסҽܵҽŶݣǰ޳ѣܵĸ
ƽȻҪ˵ѾȺߵ˼ǰֳ̧Ľ˸񣺡׳ã
оĲֹܣ˵Ժﲻܺȶ˻ûȶľˣȫΧ˹
ĽţȻ֪ƽܸӹϵã˴Ӱϯգʵû뵽ǻûԺӣͳ˳ƽһ
˻ƽǰ޵ѣܵĸ
˿ΧĽɴ⣬˸˵ǳǵģùǡ
˵ֿܣº͵Сڰ˵Ů¾ƣֽҾͰ˴ˣȿȣ㿴ºȱƣӦòɣ
ȻĸͿĽղͷûݣֱо׳žúڡ
ǺƽޣǺڵ쵼ˡ
ȻˣûϹѧʶҲ࣬ϵ˺ܶ£֪׳Ǽ˭ܽеġ
ӪֱӺأ˽˳ϣƺġ쵼Ҳմغ˺׳
оĻֹܡ
ĸãղűԵ˼϶ܸߡ
ˣĽ⹷ƨͨĻ﷭Űۣȴû
ĬĲֹĸԭ̸۵ıǣԼźӵޱԼǰƽꡣ
ȿڵƽСܡ
ӪҲ˹ܼѹȰȻ˾Աô˵ˣҪͰô˵Ǵϲӡ
Ȼ֪ܸ֮ôˣ˾ԱдϣҪӡ
ûشֻ΢΢
Ӫ֪ãЦкĽ롣
ӪԲĽҲ˿ƽȥ
ƽҲ˿ЩܸϾǲ֪ߵغ񣬱ԼԼйϵҸùܵãԼѾ˼ƽ·ܡ
ʱţȥһͺˣ˱ڲŻ֪Լжˣѧͷ
˭ܲûڣƾԼһƬ졣ΪԽԽӣҲŮ
ǰʱȰͷŮ¾ƣȡͶ޸ϵǹӦˡ
ǲγС
ˣȻƽϣܿȥ֪ƢԼһ˹Ŀģ㰵̾һ̧ȥ
ֻûӵСǸʲô
Ů¾ƣ롣ֵס꣬ɫ䵭˵
ǿάסϵЦݣ⻰˵ģôˣ˵겻κòֻúڣ
ƽתͷü˵СܣСô˵ĳ
ҳ࣬ϼңĸߣ֪λӵĳܷʵ
Ȼƽ͵ģ̬ȣҲ̲סջ𣬳˵ҵӣĸףô㳤
Ȼ󣺡ĸȥˣ
ƽüͷø˵ûھͱĸסʳ磬Ůʲô֪֪֪֪
ƽĸǸ˵ʲôϵ
ƽӸλ꣬ʱƻǺģĸ㱻סһͷӳ˹µֲʲô
뵽ֱ׳ѣĸ˵¸ûйϵƽΪˣû֪ĹȥˣҪ㣬ˣ㵹ã˾Ͳˡ
ȥʣĹ͵±˷ˣƽеͣɫʱ׽ӡ
꿴У˵ڣˣȻ׼ĸӭңһسϵˡ
׼ĸ֣ĸʱĵùǺֹס˭׼ң
ƽһ뿪뷨˵¾ƣΪүүμôУûϵġ
˵꣬תȥ
ƽתͷޱȥȻûڳֻӤԶ׼
ƽĲޱĺӣǶȣܿ˯
͵˶ܶã彥˥ܣԽ顣
ٻиӣҲпޣҲӺĥûܣûĺӡ
⣬ҲԸͷҪԭ
ƽ˼ʱĽԲϯ
ƽعһ
Ӫæкø첲ײ˵ɮ濴桢
Ȼĸû˵꣬ӪѾԲܸĸô£޷ǳŮӱɣǻ¿̫ˣ˻鳱
ֻòܹȥôô˵׵ԶμŮ¾ƣϯֹڲÿԺ˵Ҳá
ʱТȻ׵ˣΪ˲׵ҲӰ쵽ķǰ;
ο׵һĻǻ˾浣ܾƢ쵼ˡ
ûͿͷĸ˵ϯɡ
ĸȻƽǲ֪صˣû˵ģֻʣû°ɣ
û¡˵꣬תߵޱǰļ򣬾shigG٤ȥϯ
ĽܵĶע⵽ޱŵĺӣһͬѧ˵ӺŮɣ
ǡ˵
Ľ˵ȻŮ¾ƣܲ鷳ӰѺӱǿ
ܲԸ⣬ӪЦԣ˾϶ûܹŮ
ȴûôͷ࣬˵ȥ
˵ߵޱǰʣȥ˾
ܵĻޱŵ˷׷ÿԼҲźվû߳ȥܾʹѺӱˣֱĹŮĽһȥ
ǱĽڸƽޱʦǾСѧʦİ༶ÿοƽֶǰé
ĽĽܣƽޱ
˵ʵ̫ޱϱ
ǿޱѧ˶ʼ̫˱жѧҵǾޱûʲôȻĽ컨׹ǰһݹմǰ޵Ĺ⣬ڵĹմӵĹʵ
˵ӵ׶ʲôĹҲȴƫƫΪǿȢôҵ¹
Ҳ֪ͺģ˵ʲôοǷ޺Ӷһӱһ
ԣ˵Ӱ챾Ͳʣٵĸꡣ
ƽûб¶ޱĲӿڴóǰ׼õ˵Сܽʱҳ鲻ûȥμӣһֱźݵǰȥ˿ֱϣϲ
ޱȴûֽӹǿֱֻ̧ͷܣѯ
ܽװֱĺƳȥ˵ǽʱҸޱޱ˿ֱòϡ
ƽʣֱã
Ҳֱ
ӪԲ˵ǿֱöˣʱ䶼Բ׼ûˡ
ĽҲԱȰֱܱޱ
ƽ¶Цݣܻﱧŵĺʣʲô֣
ơ
Ҽǵ㻹ӣǽ𣿡ƽʣǽڲڼң֪ʣϯӵȻڼҡ
ܿڣȥ˹
ǰԺºԺ֪˲࣬˵ǺӣЩ¡˱йʱе£ޱܱʣְǽǸʲô
Сʱ򳤵úƽУۿʪʣ𣿡
Ϳƽʱ;Ͱְֳͷְֿ֣ƽһҰְֳú񰡣
ƽЦݸʢְֵİְ֣Ȼ񡣡
ĸޱͿʼƺЩȥѧˣԴټϼﳤô࣬ûϤĻᣬѾӦýаְֵİְʲô
һ㶼ţȻԴޣ˵ԼµһʵҲ֪ܱܵˣֻǵܵܲҫѡ
ˣְͨ費ڵʱϰԵʵܵܡ
ְȻڣͷүүҲڣ̫ʲ̫ãŶѹʣְֵİְʲô
ȷ֪𰸣յ˵үү
󾪣ԼղŵĹǴʣǵүү𣿡
л˵
һ


114 ˭
ȫһƬž
ô˵ģޱԴ, ɫүӶԲסСӲ, ˵ƽǸ
ȻƽûʲôøУϾܸףǳϻǵþŵ㡣
ȻСɵ, ͵ı֪Լ϶˵, ˵үүԲ𡣡
ƽȷ̫ʹ, ǳź, ǳޱ
ô˵, Ǵ˽̵, ˽ԼӣǸֵôҲܸ˵, Ǿֻޱ̵ġ
ټϸղûԺޱĸ׾ͳͷһ, Զϱû, ڶҪˡ
οͲ̫ϲޱ
ֻڵĳϲʺ̸ЩƽѹĲ˵ûϵСǸ绹ǵܵܡ
СӲ˵, ƽ̬ȺͰûƽԼ˵£;Ǹүү, ˵, Ǹ, ҵܵܵ𡣡
̧ͷְ裬ߵ˵үүá
ƽӵͷԺӡ֮ǰԷ
ָָ˵ںԷһ𡣡
ţƽɫ˰ʣԸүүһԷүүǰûǣ࿴ǡ
ԥǿԣǡͿӶں氡
ƽû˵Ļ΢Ц˵ǾôˡߵĽۡ
Ľˣλãк¡
ޱܻﱧ˵ѱң³Էɡ
Ӧ¡
ϯջԾ࣬ƽЦݲϣܣΪϹûʲô飬֮俴Ҳڡ

ĸûæҲͰСʱһСʱ£ͨ˶Ե㣬ΪҪȾơ
⣬ΪĽͻȻ֣ԭŻ˵Ҫܵ˶ʵ˺ܶ࣬澴ֻ˼˼
ƺȵ٣˺ܶ࣬ϯƽӵĽżҲ弸仰ͷԡ
˲ʮӣҾͰѷϵĲɨòˣʣµĶĽǰĲˣû˸Ҷ
Ա㣬ҸһᣬҲ½Ҳӷǰվ
ҲվҪޱһͿ͡
͵ֻʣƽĽԼľԱ
ƽǺһģղ˶࣬ûʲô̸ĵĻᡣһϣĸ˺ܾãзûԣܣûпգһԶٷ
Ҫʰûʱ䡣˵
ƽüͷϯĲо־ӦŮʰΪЩºִܷ˲ʣʱ𣿡
ҪֵӪ
죿ƽʾСܣιֻܹܴ죬ΣǸټ滹֪õȵ£Ҷ֪ǸԺûлټ棬Сܣְˣûˡ
ܴƬ̺˵ϣȥ㡣
ãáƽۺͷʣʱܲܰѺǴ֪ûãôţҲУ뿪ǰټһ档
û̴Ӧֻһῼǡ

ƽǰһߣĸžҵʣָո˵ʲô
֮ǰҼһ档˵
Ӧˣ
ܵͷš
ĸɫ䣺ܣɲûġ
մ¥ޱ⻰æ裡ǲǻʣ˺ܶˣ
ĸϣshigG٤û˵ûʣȥ֪ˣ˵أ
ޱ˵Ҳ°СͲˣװʣ˸ȥܲܰȥ
ȻԸ飬Ҳ㲻ľګޱǰͦ˵ģټڿ죬ĸϲ
뵽ͲˣĸЩ᲻ã˵ȥġǸ˵ġ
֧ĸޱ˵ֱ
ҡͷ˵֪Ϊʲôô
ĸƽôΪ򱧲ƽΪӣȻĸ
ҲΪǶӣиңҲû취ĸʹƽ
ޱܣӵס˵һú̸̸
ܲͷлл
һޱЦ
̸꣬ޱȥĸ
ĸʣµĲ˶ŵһ𣬿Ůʣ˵ʲôװЩ˱ȽϺã
зУװвӦòˡƷѹһѹв˹ȫҳһ١
÷еĻʱǲǻͻĸʡ
ޱ˵ͻҳȥöУòԶ
ǰʱĸȥϺԸӷֲҲ˽⣬ڴõȷԶɣǾ÷װޱղŸ˵ʲôˡ
û˵ʲôǡޱ˶˵裬ܱܲǰ֣
ĸסɫʣ˵ģ
ǣֻҾ̫ãȻΪ˲ôԲţϾܵĸףҲôꡣӦּ棬ΪûģܹĿ࣬밡ˣЩô᲻ϵ
Ȼޱܸʲô𣬵Ǹ˾һܿļԲ͡
Ϊĸƽ͸׶겻ƽܲΨһ׶ֻҪƽ֣ܵôֻǸӪ
˵׶ϾϵǼǲܵ¡
˵ΪӣҪ׶Ͼϵᱻڸ˵ĵ·Ϊһ٣϶ܹƽӰ졣
ɴ˿ɼô룬ʱڣǳݹ׵ģ֮䲢Ǻ޸顣㾭ôºǷݸʣ޼ܺ͸׳׸ϯ̫Ϊˡ
ĸγ֪ܵΪѣֻǿƽôã뵽ȥĺѣʮֲƽ
ܹĿָ࣬ƭˡӶǵЩ£ǳһʲôأ
ޱܺģ˵ģǵġ
ĸȻҲԸܣ̾˿˵ϣˡ

ʰþϯо֣ޱͽе˿µĹʡ
Ϊ˰¾ƣ⼸˵æת֮࣬ޱ˸Сĺ
Ǯæ˵ҪޱӲ˵ӦõõģţҲһθˡ
ʲôʱڼǰ˵˵ģΪҪ¾ƣޱ˼죬Ȼ֪ޱ˼
ֻڼҵ⼸ʵúܿģȻ׼浽һ̲סۿֽ㡭
⼸Һܸмչˣԣĺϣһֱֻ޲ɢ֮ϯӺû뱣ķԡޱ̾˿˵ϣԺƽƽһ˳
̧Ĩ˵ֽ㣬ҲϣһҶ˳˳
㼪ԡޱ˵ʣĲ˱Ƚ϶࣬װвˣǵûȥʣˣ
̫鷳ˡæ˵ʣˣʵϳʣЩ˸ûϹûմ˿ˮ
ټڵĴҲũҵӣҵܾԵʣһմһػȣӾܺˡϯʣĻǻˣѼⲻ˵ˮҲǺö
ʣˣ÷һװͺˣʲô鷳ģޱ˵ǳ󣬿ܵ鷳հѷͻ
ͷжԵȻ鷳£ʵȫǻȵķ˻صҺ󣬼Цüۡ˵ҪȥüҪ
Ϊſ׽ȥ⼸˳Ϊޱſڵ˼ǡ
˶ûȥתתӪ͹ֿģҲӴܱߴԱֻ²ᷢƱݣԻ˲ࡣ
˶Լʲôͦ棬ΪлͶ
鷳ûͣϴɾԼ͵ķС
ʱޱǸճ극£˵ֲ͹Ҳһġ
û£컹ûڣҼҲûʲô¾͹ˡЦеݸΰû˼ͻȥˡ
ϴʱĸŮпС˲
ǲޱͷ˵
㲻ǼҪӣҪϰ࣬æù𣿡Ȼĸ뱣ķ̫ߣͬʱҲ۹Ůޱ̫ˡ
ޱҡͷ˵̫ˣһǰѱѧУȥɣʱҡȥŵ칫Ͽεʱžͺˡ
ȥ껳еʦҲôɵģҪôüӿţҪô칫ҲϿεʦæţֻҪӰѧУЩ¡
ĸ˼Ƭ̵ҲС

ĸ¾ƵڶͻȥΪƽĵƳг̣뿪˵
ޱҲϣܶ죬˫֧£Ҳˡ
ֻޱΪƽݵҪΪ̽ܺͼӣȴڶΣ߳ѧУͿѧУꡣ
ޱΪұ˵ģƽ˾ôϤΪͷУҲʶһͳ˹ֱӵġ
ָʹĻޱЦˣ˭
л˵



115 
, 
ȻûڼҾøʱޱˣޱû֪ʣ
һȫһ·ɫ
߷, ɫȴƽܸ׵ӣӦúš
ȥˡޱɫ˵¼Żȥһá
˵겻, ޱ˹ȥ
ޱôԼ, һ, ޱ˵㲻֪Ϊʲô𣿡
⻰˵úĪ, ҲԴŲ, ޱȴͣס˽Ų, ֻûͷҲûп˵
꿴ޱͣסŲζŶܲ˻, 𴽽߹ȥ˵֪˫ĸ׶µףȥ˭ҲûµɣͲ, ΪʲôҪ, ΪʲôԸshigG٤Ȣ𣿡
˵֮ǰޱֻǾ겻⣬ôڣݻɱȷ
ֻΪʲô֮Ĺϵ
ƽǰ¹һ, ЩչģƽôĹȥǳ޹ϵѵĵҲġ
һûģҲӦ֪ԭ估Ůɣ
ôû鷳, ȶˣ
ޱɻ, ˳Ļʣ˵ʲô
ȴûش, ֻǻطģ
ȥѧУİɡ
һڿΣǺܶ༶ΣУ԰ﴫĻЦУü̫ࡣ
ѧУģȥģҼңޱ꣬꿪ڱܻȥ
뵽ޱø裬üͷ壬˵ǾҸû˵ĵط
ҿûȥޱ˵ţͻȻװˤң춼˵壿
ЦˣΪ˭Ҫˤ㣿
ûң⻰ŶȻ΢ߵ㡣ޱֱߴٵ㲻̸ˣҪȥˡ
˵תҪߣ̬֮ɫ࣬ȴֻЭǾȥѧУ̸
ޱͣסŲתѧУȥ
˴ţޱΧǽǰߣߵ䣬ǰʮףȷ·˾Ҳǵ̸ͣסŲ˵ڿ˵ˡ
ѧУΧǽߣֻǼ򴦣΢̧ͷܿïʢľƬС֣Ϊݶľ࣬û˻ȥʱ֪ȷ̸ĺõط
ǲԶֵĺ̫̫ټȫޱ⣬ģûڡ
ޱֱֿѵͬ־ҵʱܱ󡣡
˵⻰ãһ˵⻰еƲס̲סЦǲǾԼܺ˲𣿡
ޱ༥ǻ˼ͥ
ȻΪȥ֮Ƶƽһֱڱֹ͹ˣû֤ݣٻҲֻڱֹ˵ǰ治࣬ʱ˽ţŭʣ֪֮ʲô
ǲ֮£֪ǰûжԲ㣬Ӽ㣬ȴڱɷ򹴴һź㣬ũߣǣޱ˵ţ۴ؿꡣ
ɫһһףѹΪʲôˣƽϼǰ׿ڴӦң͸ҽ飬ҵֵȣȵȴͳϢǳЮԱƽȢôôꣿôһ֮¼޸ˣ
Խ˵Խ˵ҸũߣǣũңҲңҵɷҵ
˳޸ƽͲ޸ǰɷҲᾭɷţĿࡣ
ܼ޸ƽϳǵһĺӡ
ܼ޸ƽܸƽΪĽĴڣֺ˵ĽӼã
֪ܸĸĹȥʱޱ;ƽ̫ãȻŵĺá̸֪ƽֹ񲻺ãϹäȻΪôŮŪɢ
ҲƽϹäǸϲζͶõȻ࣬ܿȾ
˵ЮԱƽȢú룬ƽΪǵδȡ𣿡겻شޱ˵ûУĴڶҸţ
Ϊƽ粵¼ҶƽжŸȢ˵ʲôã
ΪʲôûãۼˣޱʣŸʮ꣬ܶôˣ֪ǹȥ¶ܺݵ飬Ϊʲôõƽʵ˽飬ŶȢ
ûз£굱ȻûۼޱĻʵġ
ޱʣУƽ磬ʲô𣿳¼ʲô⾰һŮƽȢѵŻܱȢ
ɫ԰ףʵޱ˵Щ룬ЩˣԲſѡ
㣬ȢţΪŲûôҪѡޱݺݴƽ֮İ࣬ʼգŲǱмŮƭĿˣ㾹Ȼ˼˵ǿЦ
걻ޱĻʹ߳ŭΪΪȢģҸ㣬ǣȢ㲻˶εѡ񣡡
ޱǸոžֻۣûЩΣܻĻڣֻǵءŶһ
ޱΪ޵ҧȴָƵı飺Ȼ˵ô£Ӧ֪иŮɡ
ޱ΢ΪиŮֻû뵽ΪЩ¶ǳġ
תһ룬ЩȻ˵ģҲ˵ģôҲûʲôû˵
ޱס깴𴽽˵Ҹյ׶ʱûطţڼסһʱ䣬ŮҲʱʶģΪС꣬һֱܸ硣
֮Ըóƺ˵Ⱦϼ
ޱ˽Ƕ£ûмʱǧϵʯǣȴǻĸײܣֻܵΪˣĴ̳Ӿ͸ôˡ
ڵ˵Щ£ֻۡ
۳Ҳܡ
Ļӡ֤˳ʵԣƽ˵սӣϼŽ˽ӵ׶ˣЩȫȫضԴꡣ
ĮЩأҲع꣬Ҳչ˹Ů
Щ⣬չˣֻһѡ
ޱ촽˵Ů岻ãһֱչкƤڼסǶʱΪչŮٸѳȥ档ǰ˳ȥҹæûôʱչŮԾ͵ڼңÿʱ򣬶չٻٻ
˵⣬ŶܵٻٻŮʱ򰡣ǹϵɺˣٻٻѧУѣҲ׸ߣܣҲܻͷʱΪǻһֱȥȴû뵽
û뵽ޱĻⲻӦ֮𣿡
üʲô
ű˵ɷʱûƾʲôΪƻ˵ļͥ󣬱˻ǰ㣿ޱ˵ЦŶˣ˽ΪĵˣôõЩ£綼Χתġ
üۼԳŭܿshigG٤Цˣ֪ڵģ뵽ʲô߳ŭ㼵˰ɣ
ޱ治ɫҼʲôŮиӵĸףǼҵɷ򰮶ã
ҲסŭΪһΪܼ޸ܣ
Ȼ֪ĻɾţޱƬ㶡
ȴ˻ûޱ㶣Ǻ˵ƻļͥҪң֪Һƽϣߵһ𣬾ͱܸ飡
ʯ䣬ޱ뵽ʲôʣŮǲǹò̫ã
ȻŮܵĹϵ˵úһ仰©ڣܺŮиҪ˵Ӧǳ֪ӻϲ֪ƽϣߵһ
ټ͵ˣҿ϶ܺŮ֮䲻˫ͷпܵŮϲ
òĲõ仰ͨԵǵˡŮòȴӦˡ
ΪĸŮǰϲ˹ڻֻͨһǾŮò̫ãѾȥ
ΪĸǵˣǿӹúòãͨƽļŮֻǼŮ޸ӦòѡŮ޵òټƽΣĲ÷Ѷȡ
Ůòαӷ޵Ĺϵûʲôô
뵽ǰ˵Ů岻ãޱܻŮпܲಡ齣ĻˣŮಡ齣ĸ׵Ļ᲻ԶǧɷӭԼļӼμûѪԵϵŮ¾
ޱòᣬ˴Զ׼
ֻޱȻ꣬ȴҲʲŮǲˡֻȻʹŤȷԼܴܲù
ֻȻԼʵ⣬ɫȻʲô˼
ı飬ޱ֪Լ¶ˡ
ͬ꣬ǰŮˡ
ƽȴֻ֪Ϊ˿ѣתƵϣƭóչˣ˻Ҫһţ˵ǳԲ
УŮ˸ʲôϵãΪŮϲܣԿܹúãϸ䡣
̫ɺˣ
뵽ޱ˵û˼ֻǾùúõˣû߳Ҳܶű˵ɷ򣡡
곹ױŭ˵Ϊ޸ܾӮˣҸ㣬Ϊң׮ףܲΪ֤ҲܹȥȢ㣡
꿴ޱóĿǵΪĻĸӺƽĹߣ˶ѡ
л˵
һ


116 ȥ
Ϊƽ˵, ԵȻ˼ҡ
ҺϰԵޱΪû¥ҵ, תسʣ裬ޱޱȥˣ
˯ѣ¥ιȥˣ㲻ҪȥԷôôĸΪܳˡ
ܽ˵ټһǡ
ĸסҪȥ
ͳԶٷ, ԺҲ֪ټ
ĸǺܲԸȥƽ, ʵ, Ҫȥ, Ķ̫⡣Ů˵, ƽǻ쵰ǧ򲻺, ܹܸס
⻰˼Ժ󲻴㳣ͷ˵ȥ, ǵ
Ӧ˵¥ޱޱ
˵ͳ˳, ¥ȥˡ
Ե, ûܵſڣֱŽȥ, ͿޱźӱԵڴϣ΢΢, ȴûлͷ, Ҳû˵
ֻһ, ܾͲ˲ԣ߹ȥסʣιӣ
šޱӦ̬Ȳ䲻ȡ
Ƶ棬ʹüۣĿרעؿŻĺӣûһû£϶̧ͷЦȫ񶼷ںϡ
ȥʣôˣ˭ˣ
ޱ˷ӦȴֻƤĿؿһۣŲƨתٴα
üͷһֳڴϣӿһסļʣˣ
ޱһ
ҡôˣܱʣ߻Լ⼸Ϊ
ֵӪûؼң뿪ʱޱû˯ѣ֮ûн̸ǰǵ˺ܾãʱպǢӦûϱŶԡ
ô룬ܶ벻Լôޱˡ
ͨһദܽһϱΪʲôϴû㿪˵Ҵˡ
ͨⲻʱֻҪϴޱͻʡĴˡȻ취ˣı鲻̫仯ˣͻ˵ԼĶ֪ϴ
ʱͻỻȷ򣬻߳գ˵ˡֻҪ⣬мϴܺޱ
ʱûȷޱķӦ
֪ˡ
ޱֻǳĬؿŮСһԱ˯ȥ㽫ڴϣͷĳ룬óܲá
ȲøɾһſſϿӣٸŮҴ·ЬҪߡ
ȥţܸæ߹ȥסֱסޱޱǺú̸̸
䣬Ϳ˴ŵޱ۾£һţʱѾˮ
ޱޣ˸յ֪ԼУԼٽǶʱ䳣⣬ʱٿޡ
˵ܿޱᣬ̾ͻˣסϴ׷ʲô¡
İޱڿڣʣΪʲôҽ飿
סޱΪʲôͻȻ⡣
Ĭޱ̧۵˵
Ȼɻ󣬵ޱ֪𰸵ģ֪֢ڣ˼Ƭ̣֣ظ𰸣Ϊϲ㡣
ȻʱżȻðѿʱȷкøУڴܺٴμ棬ֻʧˡ
ĸ֮ףһоǻޱƬͱԵ֡
һֱرġ
ûط꣬رܻʱŽȥٴرͳ˰ӡ
ʱôƶԼϲ֪ԼǰĹԼ浱죬¡
ڹȥЩֱڣܶԼʱ䣬ʱû̱⣬ȷ֮Ĺϵܷߵһδ֪
ôƶ£Ҳʱ˴𰸡
ޱܣȴƿ˵ƭˣҽΪǶףðֶ
üЩ˭˵ģ
˭˵ģֻҪǲshigG٤ľ͹ˣ
Ȼģʸڷϣɫᶨ˵ҸҵһӸ˶
ޱҧ촽¶ɣ˼ʵԡ
ߵǰַϣͷֱ۾ޱޱҲ֪˭ҹ㣬ָ˵ʲôҿ㷢ģҺ飬ֻΪϲ㣬Ҳ㣬㹲ûбԭ򡣡֣УҲú
˭ҷˣޱæסͣղŷĲ㡣
ûģ˵ģҲ£Ը𣿡
ޱջ֣˵㡣
㲻ˣЦ
ޱһҲȽǸô£
ʲôãٴü
ޱǸ岻ãһƤΪչסӴڼã㻹ã
ʣ˵ٻ
ޱߣǣԭ˵Ķġ
ޱ˵û׶ʱܾͲµƽ˵ʲôޱ꣬ﲢȣֻʣ˵Щʲô
ʲô
ˣҲźøͣܶ˵ޱޱҲϣ֮ᡣ
ޱͷĨĨ۾˵㲻ǸԼ˼棿ʱ䡣
ܺԥûҪ
ޱ֣ĻΪ仰
һֱãƽƷôϾܵĸףҲܣǳ׶ϾϵʵģûҪ
ڵⲻԺҪҪƽƽȻŹܡ
ֻ֮ǰĹϵܣǲ¡һβɻ᲻еڶΣʱʲô˭֪
ޱܣӣܽյء
ֻܷŴ¸֣ȥƽꡣ
õģƽŸݣû취ܡ
ݵûƽ߲ͷϲ˾òֻܴտУٴտôֻҬǣƴܵء
ǧֻأܲҲƽݸ̵ޱǰ˵Щ
ģƽ氮꣬ܡΪͺǣƽѣԺҲӦԡ
ƽƫ꣬ܺݲĺƽѡĻֻܼϣԶҲʲô
ޱϣܺģͰ˵ЩͼӴ׵˵һ顣
ԽɫԽ
𹰵òˣޱͣ˵Ͱɡ
ܿڽͣҵȷչ˹ٻ
ǰǼһֱǴԺģͥ޺ТܵͯʱڹúҸ
ʱƽﶼǺɷðְֵĴʡ
Ҳˣ˵ĸŮȥսŮܶûлɡ
ΪƽϤ꣬ܣûôģҲסӴٻӦԺǸտʼԭ
ܶٻãҪΪֺøס
ֺƽͳȻģޣ֮佥Щƽ
ǼƽƢúܲһС£񱻵ȼ̡
żȻ֣ٻǼҵʱƽƢŵ㡣ƽչٻǽдҵˣƽͻ¶ѵõЦݡ
ÿʱҲ¶Цݡ
ʶܸƵٻ
ޱ˵ʱ̫ˣΪҵ˵ĺð취ÿοǢΪմմϲ
ʱΪΪȥսѣŸƫٻֱܾԺ֪ĸƫսѵŮǰݼڡ
ޱӵܣˣʵΪʲô˵ҽΪ˶
Ҳ֪ҡͷ˵Ƕʱ䷢һ¡
ƽûܸ˼ҪӣǺʵ⣬ƽá
صʯǰɵľǲֹܹصʯǺȻˡƽȴǲӸ߹ܣܸδɺܶࡣ
뷨ҵʯǣҲû֪࣬θҪ׳硣
Ȼ޷ƽѸٺٻ£͸֮ϵ䵭٣Ǽ겻ôԸ׶ļңǻƽ֮ĹϵԶûڵĽӲ
ˣһ̽׼٣ƽ绰׶ȥˡȥû죬ƽͱ¶ϣٻͼ
ЦȢǸŮ˻ϣȢŮ
Ȼû˵ܲɵʱѾ˺ܶ£Ȼ޷İţϣʰȥʯǡ
ޱʱ䣬ʣ֪£
ܵͷ˵һصʯǺ绰赥λϵңԣԭҾͶ˵ˡ
Ȼһ֮£뵽ǵףޱ²ʡ
˵տʼȷж˼
ȻʱƽѾü꣬ЩȥȻĽᡣ˵֪ƽȻԼĶӺŮ飬ţǼ⣬뵽˹ȥͺѵϷԡ
ޱʣı뷨
Ҹĸʧܵԭ򣬴޹أΪҸ׵ųɵġסޱ˵ҲҲԶΪ
ܵĻ˵˳ֻ˵࿴£ټȷϲޱޱƬӣԼѡǿ󲻱ȡ
ܵѡǣ
л˵



117 Ͼϵ
ĸŲ˰Ϸʱ򿴵һӰ, ɻʹŮղųȥ𣿡

ޱ˵Ž˯СһŵҡϣȻҡԺӣȲõԷ, Ҳտӡ
ڼˣôųţĸʡ
ޱ˵ûߵ㡣
ĸصʱصǺ䣺ҵȻ֪ûߵ㣬ôڲųţ
ҸղŸ˵¡
ޱ˵תͷĸ΢۾׼ȥ˵Ķͣסʲôղǲǿˣ
˻, Ѿ˵, ûʲô, İɡޱ̹Ȼ˵
⻰ĸ, Ҫд, Ůôֱ˵, е浽ʲô⡣ŮտڲԵģĸ֪˳ʲģ˵ϴϴ׼Էɡ
ȥǡ
ĸɻʣܲҪȥƽԷ𣿡
, һȥ
ޱ˵ȥˣĸԭ, ֹܻʱ˵Ҫȥ, ôֲˣ仯Ҳ̫ˡ

Էصڻдƽסķ
дطshigG٤ܹ, һŷ䣬мǹ
б䡢˼׷˵׷, ʵϲ, һ˯, һԷá׷࣬д䣬һסģҪ𣬵Ȼ۸Ҳ㡣
ƽݵȻ˽£ߣסҲ׷ֻǷѲԼ͡
ƽ굱Ȼ᲻㷿ѣ׶żȥ¹ӣһٷĻֻ⼸ķѡ
껹ֻܿصдõطСãﻹر𳱣ĶȲ׶
ƽ߶е㷳˵˵ҪôֱԹˣ
걻˾䣬ֻסٲãҲͻȥˣȴ꣬ԺܻҪ꣬ʮ̫꣬ˡ
ƽߺߣٿҲԼѡġ
Լѡģأ⻷ҿˣǾСѧ治ޣѧУ׶ͨСѧȲϣ˵ʦҲкܶǳܵӣֻ˼£ѧоߵġ
˵̾˿⻹ֻСѧи磬ܷǳˣݵû£ڳɳڣҪܽݵ˵һӶûˡ
⻰˵ƽĿϣ˼Ƭ̾˵ܲܰѺӽǴ
Ҳû˵Ѻӽǣҵ˼ǣᣬûǺδʱ򣬵ǹˣӦ˵İǨ׶ĳ˵
ƽʣȥϣҵģ
ǰûмͥȻͬˣкӣҪΪӵδǣ˵ǲǣ
ȻޱֻȥĻ겻ȷܲܳɡ
˶ûޱֻǸ¹֦ô׷֡㱻ͱƻ࣬ʻװίԼ
ҪĲޱίԼ뿴ɢ
ֻݵ̫Զˣһδ죬·ϵʱ䣬˵µļ١ƽһΣʱڿ϶ڶΡֻȰƽ취ܵ׶ýˣʲôҲ㡣
ƽȻȰܻ׶˵һ
˼ƽס˵ô㣬㻹ôΪ롭
ֻһӣҲΪ룬Ϊ˭룿ͷǳЦ
պƽǻᣬûһӣǻʮͷЩˣҪҲûᡣ
ֻΣûεǸӣʧȥΨһŮ
ıδ£һЦﶼڴܵĵ

ܸ߽дǰ̨ŵľɩʣڸӪôˣ
ˡ
ɩһʣ㸸ͬ־ɣסڶһŷ䡣
ƽμŮ¾ڼܣһΪĽԽģ˵˵ںְܲ𲻵͡
Ϣȥը˹Ҫ˭û뵽ǴԺӵܣΪͦͨġرޱϵԼ׿˵Ǽũģżҵǳˣڵ޷ĳ£ͨ˼ҵķ롣
˭һ㣬װȴһˣֻˣǸ衣
йؽڣᵱֶ֥ŮܵˣҶΪܸʣܾ£ֹͷ벻Ĳ
ֱ񣬴Ҳ֪ʵܣֶ֥ŮлΰʦίװȴǺܲ߹٣Ҳѹûơ
Ϊܰϳȥ£ֹҲ٣˾úҲǳܴ˾̫֡˾װֺͺ֮䲻ʲô£˵ˣϱװҲû˾Ǻ⣬վܵ˲١
֮ƽһݵ֮Уؼľپɩǵ̸ʡ
дľɩϢȻ˵Щ£ΪûգͲµ˭ģڵذȥ
˶һŷ䣬ɩϢܻûţͳ˹﷢飬Цһ˵ģ¥ҾС˵·ˡ
ɩ¥ֿ̧ܲš
һʹƽˡ
һ룬ű򿪣ƽЦݵꡭ˵³ģ뵽Ӷӵ̬ȣʻȥˣ͵͡û
ƽЦݽû룬³ЦݣûϵүúúһҲͦá
ƽ˵ţתұӡ
ܸŽݣ˵鷳ˣҹֻ˵仰˵Ҿߡ
ƽס˵һԷ
û˵ֻӿڴͳװֱĺӷŵϡ
Ǹӣƽüë𣺡ʲô˼
ֻòϣ¾Ƶ뻹㣬ʱ̫࣬뻹ˣ㡣
ܣǸӣʱû֪ͨҾˣѵڸ㲹ϽﶼУƽʣϵĲʮԡ
ȴԺǲǸӣѡȨ㡣
⻰ƽھը죬ƽ͵ʲô˼ǳӲˣ׶ˣ
ûлشֻ̧ͷ˵飬ԺǸӣ飬Ժ㲻Ҫϵҡ
ܻ£ƽûӦͨ淿žͱ򿪣꼲ߵɷߣŭ֪ܵңҺ趼д
㲻裡Ļ
ƽɫ׳ȥܣ̫Ҫ־͹ңǣС⡣
ܲƽѡⲻǰǼµݡ
ƽҪܺٻôŭɣΪ̫ƣΪʶĸڸ
ĻδԱ׵ֺĸŮĹߡ
ʱʹ࣬ĸΪʲôڵѾ֪˴𰸣ҲΪ˸еѹ
ɫƽȻѡôԺҪҵ
⻰ʱƽֻ÷ŭôڣֻʣ˿ֻţ֪ܾ߳ȥԶʧȥӣסܡ
ֻǵͣסŲֲ֪˵ʲôЭҲͷֻҧ˵ô꣬ӹϵϾͶϵģ
ôʡ
Ǳ˵Ҫҽӹϵ
ƽĻ۾һǱѣʡе籨λã˿ѰѰʾѵ
Ȼ˶ʼдŻ߿͸ĸϾϵ˲Щ˵ĸĸ⣬ñӣжϹϵᱻڸshigG٤Т˳ᱻ˼ߡ
Т˳Ǻһ˵Ҫ׼ƽû£Ե޹ʺ͸׶Ͼϵ϶ᱻϲТ˳ñӣƷ˵˼롣
˵һǱԻǰ;·͸ġ
ܱ·ţ꿴Ҳʳˡ
ô룬ȴȰôҲĶӣǱϾϵδ̫ˣڣҪ
ƽѹܸҵǱԼϾϵ˵ȰңȥҪǸҵǱӽԺҾ͵û
á
ƽȻֹŭǰ꣬ŵʣ˵ʲô
һǱϾϵҲϣسŵ˵꣬žҪߡ
û߳ȥƽһŭ𣺡վס
ŭƽߵߣ͵˦ţŴܣôңΪ˸ҶϾϵǰ;Ҫˣ
ͬƽķŭɫƽ˵ǱҪ󣬺ҶϾϵҲԼѡ񡣡
ѡѡĻ𣿡ƽָ̧棬ȥ˭ҶӻӹúúõģͻȻŸģ
ҲúùӣӲԸһᣬֻܳ²ߡ
ƽһתͷ̷꣬ϣûУ
ƽʱƽܻĻվӵľûָӣʵʲô˼
磬ҵҵӣҺŮвϵ˵ҺӽԭΪ˸
ƽٴοԼæ͵ȥҹޱͬ־ϣȰȰܣҪٸƢڣûи˵Щ
ޱ̸ʱٳкܶѧˣȻǺӣСǣԼҹޱ¡̸֮ʲôֻҪϣ˭֤˵Щ
޿֣ΪȡƽԼᣬװ˳ģ
ģƽȻѡ˵ǲʲô᣿
ܸụ̂ѵ׳ˣΪֹѡҺ֮䣬ֻѡһˡ
Įƽһˣ˵ϣ֪ѾûлأҪѡ
ףǰ̬ܵѾôȥǸӾȻߵһ
ϢĳĬУڿʼ¡
û뵽ôݡȻ磬ǿƽѡҲû뵽ƽǶܺݲģȻ˼
ܾƽѡ꣬ȴô룬ޱ˵Щ
ƽΪΪ˶ٴη
ͣûкӣҵͨٱô
겻룬ǰƽǰẰƽ磬ֻˡ
Υĳƺƽ΢΢̧ͷͿģһ˲뵽˺ܶ࣬ʶ֪ĹȻתıӰԼٻȥʱʹ࡭
ƽתͷѳ˵ĶӣɬʣԺǻܼ𣿡
һμ񡣡
˵ٴ˷ţû߳ȥͱƽסȵȡ
ͣסŲȴûлͷ
ƽɥ㲻õǱӽԺҡҲ㡣
ܡšͷҲص뿪䡣ֻƽߣı飬ĵһƬ
ȻƽѡܸղǷضĵºۼڽˣˣһʮأ
ԽϣԽ飬ƽˣŻᱻȰݵ
վڽյѡ񣬵ʱô죿
л˵
ΪжʵǱ£һ£ʵƽǱϾϵֻǶҲΪ˸ԼľģƽǱǣʵƽڹŵһѾܣôҲЭʵϣܵǱΪĶϾϵҲѪϣԻǰ;
˵Ǳ£ڣŮǱҪ͸ĸϾϵҲǲɵģϷͥʽʽ
ʮǱͬߺ޳߿ΪȲѲŻѡƽЭܵȻϸȥ˵ݵ
ϾӹϵģƽѡҲ̬ܵȣ˵μƽ˼ƽŵʱ򲻻ٸ
ⲿ֮ǰдñȽϺܶʣ޸˽βֱ׵㡣


118 Ƭ
ĸǴƽ뿪, һ漸ûдȥǣĸҪߣֻܸƽһҲ뿪, Ԫʣ죬ڳֻ·Ϲڣĸ˼ȥԪٻȥ
ԪҲڼң, һѲ˻, Ѽȫˡ
ȻѾһ·, ݵȻ, ز˻, ҶӲ, Ҳܷһ죬Ͳˣҹ, پζҪˡ
ޱ̫ͨ࣬һͳһٵ, ֮ǰ¾, ʣµĻˣԼ˵㣬Ͼͳˡ
ޱⵥ, ٶһܳꡣ
ڼտŮĸʣôô⣿
԰ҪȥˣǺúôһ١
Ҳô, ѵһȥǺӾͲùˣĸǾùŮŮ̫˷ѡ
ޱ˵Ŷ, Ǽ˿ڶ, ÿ¹⺣Ӧ٣һ٣ء
⻰еţҲ飬ݵÿÿ¹⺣ʾĽĹӦ˿ڶģȷÿһ㡣
ⷽ濴ݵȷʯǺãȻûôеĶУʳãŮ꺢ӳֲ١
һ仰ܵŹŮ˵ĸҲ֪Ůôģ˶ԽԽãƫڲܾ֮ͬǰݵøüƵĺÿ꺢Ӻò׳ֵ㣬ȴҪʡ
ë
ΪĸҪˣޱûԼףܴ֣һӲˡ
극ޱͿʼĸʰ
Ϊֻĸһˣ̫ණʰûôֻ࣬㺣εȸɻЩ
ĸĻ˵ǣǴЩ˵Ҹִȥб㺣Σʱ۾ֱˣŰ²ͣǼңι۱㺣ζʲôģǴЩ˵㣬Ľòˣ˵ã껹˸ҴܲﻹûûСҸܶš
ޱŽյļţʣôû£
ʲôҶܾˣĸѵúܣֻڹĺӣǰѣ˵ܲЩģϼϺУ治˾ֻȥϷϼң˾shigG٤ز챻˶֪ҲδǺ¡
ޱƨ˵
ĸһԵãǣǽֵܶòʲôôС޹úûãһسʲô£˲úңֳֺõ£ҲŲɡ
ĸ˵꣬ʼҪȥĺɻ
ɻǰֽţסģܹ߰İޱģʣĸӴġ
Ϊ絥λ쵼ӽ飬ʱͷ㣬ΪͷСⶫݵϡʯȴܾ
쵼ûգڶޱ̸ˣȵ֪ĸݵ̽ʱģŷ˱㡣
Ժޱ쵼̬Ȳ١
ˣĸҪչޱޱ赥Լ㱫㺣Σ㱸Ժá
Ϣ߸쵼˵ҪĻʣܶĻ͸쵼Ҳ㡣
ʵɱԵĻҲʵģҪ˵˼ζûʳȵҲڡ½УĻͷҼҽԱ㡱⻰˵ȥɰñ㵱Ҳ档
ޱһ˵ܰæ쵼æʹӦˣʱҪޱǮ»˵׼Ҳȷܴ٣ԼȵǮ
¹ضӵĹĸͦģϺ͸ޱ¡
ȻûҪŮʡźƷӦƱ㺣Σֻ˵ܴʹ㣬־С
ޱֶ֧ϽȻԸϣָĸ˼룬ǸԸŶӡı⣬ԸޱˣгϢ϶ûϢá
˸ޱÿʡﺣʹӦĽﱫ㣬ﺣΣһޱ磬쵼ôͲˡ
㺣ö࣬ޱûôƷҬâɵ˲٣ҪƱ۸ҲˣûȥָѳҲͦӡ
ĸŮ˯һݣһĻɺܼ򵥣Ļ˵ǣϾҪˣҲŶ˵˵
ֻܴű˯ڴԣΪһĸ˯һݣһ˵˻ټԵĴ˯ĸ˸պãٶеӵˣû취Сһ͸ְһ𱻼ԡ
ΪѰְּ˳ȥͦ⣬ϴĸͣŪ˶˯˾ֱޱʵ
ʱ䲻磬۾ܿ˯ˣĸŮĵ˺ҹ˯ޱڶȥѧУʱ˶ĺȦ
ĸĴޱϿΣ˼٣뽫ճһȥĸ
Ȼ֪Ů˾ΪТ˳ĸ̲ס߶˼䣬Ҳͼ䣬ȵͷĳӿͷ
ΧǻǿˣǴĸ֪ޱ£뿪ʱЩĲ¡ޱ֪ԼûԺ󣬺͸ĸ̲ܲס⡣
ޱûǣ֪Լ͸ĸž۵һ죬ĸ뿪ʱϣﲢû̫ѹ

ĸ뿪ޱʼȥѧУȻϲһ𴲣ΪӦͻʱǰʮӡ
ӵȻֻʮô򵥵£ȻصλޱĿλô࣬ΪҪչ˱Ȳǰæµ˺ܶࡣ
ĸڵʱ˵Ҫʣһߣÿʣڼ䳤Щⶼ˻ȥ
Сú𶼶²٣ѧУʱǻſСãص˼ҲһЩܼļ
ޱͳˣΪ鶼̱žСڼҵʱȴޱĿ˫æµ
Ȼޱʱû飬ΪһĴñȽ磬ٽ꣬ܲóȵĩԽѧУź٣ޱҲԽ
ϢޱһѼ¥¥¶ɨһ顣
صɨĻԣĸ뿪ܾͰѵ˴ų¥°嶷ԡ
ޱ̷龫Ž˶Ϊ￴ŻЩһܣԾȻôռ䲻
Ǵɨʱޱһ𣬰¹ͶĶȫ˳ҳǶŵҪԭ
óĶһŻȥʱޱһƬ
˵һеţʵܹ߰ƬѧʱĵգźɬܾɵġʣµǻᣬŴźȥյƬ
ӳǰĸ˵ȫҸ£ļޣټ·;ңԶһʱ仨·ϣܷʱޱܳż磬ҹ±ȥˣûճȫҸֻϱź˼Ƭ
ʱޱܳ´λؼҲУٻصʱزѾ
ûлһȫҸ
ܴޱùƬϸϸš
ƬϣޱбڳϣֱƬЦݲã۾ģóܲ
ޱĦƬͻȻ˵´η䣬ǴźȥһȫҸɣ
ţ
㿴˼ңȫҸ˽ﻹϴһźôģòװ˿ǼҶûУƬ֪һšޱЦʣƬҲϴһŴĹòã
ܵͷá
Ǿô˵ˣ´ηżʲôʱ򣿡
ʮ˺š
ޱʣżô磿
ܽ˵ʮ˶ʮŷ죬ʮҵֵӪǸȥһż١
ðɣʮ˺Ӧòżٰɣ
ӦöʮźŻšӪҵĵλ궼ŵ
ޱ˵Ǿôˣʮ˺ȥࡣ
л˵



119 ȫҸ
ȫҸ, Ϊеĵһࡣ
Ȼǻᣬޱʹȥչ࣬ǻС, ûˣβеĵһΡ
ΪĥӲݺü죬Ϊ൱ܴϹ·ΪȫҸ̡
ŵСģޱ̲ס˵㴩·, ҲƬ˧һ
ı, ȵʣǼһбҸ˧С𣿡
ûб˧, иһ˧ޱָ˵
ǵܵܺҳһ, Ϊܸܵһ, һ˧, ˧
˶ӵԻ·ޱʰ·磺ðɡ
ҿԴ·𣿡ڴʡ
ޱһ˵Ƕ·ȥࡣ
ǻ, ԾĵطȫҶ·, ܵ
עͬ, ʣְҲ·𣿡
Ǹܰ˼ĺӣÿһʱ˼ⶼ̫һ˼, ΪʲôְǶ·
ޱshigG٤ʱǺ˺һŻΪʲôôʡ
Ϊǵİְֺͱ˵İְ, ÿ춼һ·, , ü²Żỻ·
ޱЦʣûְͬͬɫ·ʵÿ춼·أ
𣿡ɻʡ
Ȼ
Ȼޱһӷľװְֶ֪·Ѿʹˡ
ľͲ·ˣԲŻôʡ
ޱ˵ȻְѾ·ˣ·Ǻ°·ûʲô𡣡
𣺡ˡ
ʮ˺ŵ죬ŰְִϤľװ룬ȻȫҶ·ֻаְûС
ǣǰܾСӿԼšͬ飿
ɻޱôˣ
ʲô
ҵôͬң
ޱ˳˵ĿȥȻ˳Ŀ⿴˲ʧЦµûͬû·
ܣ

ͷԸ⻨Ǯ˲࣬ͨѧλʵô߽мʱŻȥա
Ȼٽ꣬ݲӪҵĵλ˶࣬ޱǵò磬ǰյһӣҲֻһޡ
ͿŶ󣬹ƾͶʮͷģɬͬʱҲɬ
Ȼһųϣмȴճһ飬˵ֻͦǺܲ˼ԷÿβСܿתͷĿ⡣
رΪƤÿδĿⶼ졣
棬ģȤһֱӲ˼ͬʱЩɻ̲סԼ
꿴ʣôˣ
ǲжʡ
ûаܸɾ˵ѹҲƯ
Աֺߵͷ̧ء
̧ͷޱǿҲЩ˼ͷʣǵ𣿡
Ҳޱ˵תͷԷԼȷ϶ԷڸԼ˵ͷ˵ţǸս飿
ţ֤ƣĽաЦ˵ִӿڴһǹ߹ʣǳǲǽϲǡ
ﾪʣôôǳ
ҾҪǳʶˣҲܸ˷ǣǰץһѡֽ꣬ǰ죬ɩǱ𲻺˼СǳԲǣ
մմǵϲ˿ǹݸޱȻԼҲ˿š
ְǹҲһǣ˵лл尢̡
ллЦʣֵ𣿳ÿ񡣡
˵Ӧ˫̥ɡ
ޱͷ˵ǡ
Ȼֶ࿴𣬸п˵ѹǳô񡣡
Һ͵ܵǳ˫ֽ̥Ժ˵
ʣ˫̥𣿡
ǹͣ˼Ƭ̺ҡͷ˵ûм˫̥ѽ
ô֪˫̥ʡ
Ȼ˵Ϊû˫̥
⻰ղŲ˵һ𣬵ûʳ뵽˼Ц˵СȤ
ͰҲȤǹ˵
ɻ󣺡ôȤˣ
ɵЦ죬벹˵ƻ
ǹٴα죬ڿϱͨٴɵЦ
Ϊǿ罻ڸ죬ݹԱʱеƣʶ
ȻǲʶģϲԼܺ棬ʣҪһȥ𣿡
Ҹһ𣿡۾ʡ
ͷ಻ˣĴƬҪëǮһţܹǽϵ֣һžҪǮοĽյģһİӼмʲô
ޱûֹʣ尢һգǰְ͵ܵô죿
ûε뷨ԻȻ԰һҪְܵһġ
Ҳ˿ȷֻһƬʱϴųһŴһСװùСĺúñ档
ղô˵˼ֻǾܺʲô˵ȥûдһĽյ뷨
˸ղʱԼ£⣬ûٶ˵ֻȽȥˡ
ûԼȥգҲ˿˵ȥɡȫû뵽Լˡ
ޱУҲûȥɡ

޽ȥޱֵʮӣһŽݣ֤յġ
ѧͽǼϣڳŵȣԼƿȥķ䡣
ѧͽȥֹ߰˷ӣǶ޾ͳˣ󻹸ѧͽڽȡƬʱ䡣ָޱǣҪк뿪ˡ
ߺѧͽ˷ǰ̨ĵǼǱޱʵҪȫҸ
ޱͷԡ
ҽɡѧͽ˵ƿ˽ȥ
ܱźߣޱкȥ
ƿӽȥ۵һǽڣǽǽ֮˲ĹΪûеƣЩƹȥǹӰ䡣
Ӱ䲻ʮƽģǽڷźܶණǰǸź첼Ǹһӱ߶ˡ
ǽϹΰǽǰһųΣӣ߿ǽĵطźüųӡźɫĲΪ֤׼ģʲôɫλҪ
ǽȥʱѧͽʦվǰ˵ĵݸйأѧͽ˵ˣˣӣ˸ӤҪȫҸ
ӰʦʣƬļţ
ţȫһţĺһţŮ˱Ӥһš
ʦȻͷͷҲ̧˵ԼλãĴ߰ӡ
ʦ̬䵭ޱܶ⣬ͷżܳģʦƢ
û˲ҿ߹ȥʱʣǰվǲȽϺã
ԼյõʦЩͷ˵Ŵĺ첼̧ͷǰȻ۾һʣһӣ
ޱⲻϻ
ҲЩǡ
ʦûַʣģлԸһƬչʾĻǻһƬǣλҪҪһ£
ѧͽɴ۾ʦʣĻ
ʦش˵˵оС
ѧͽаɡ
ʦѧͽʱޱҲ£ݰƬҲϾshigG٤ڱˣޱԼû
ޱܶȽϵ͵뵽ԼƬᱻŵݵĲչ˶Щ̫⡣
˵ˣϴƬͺá
һƬĲҪ𣿡ʦĵʣҪһò̫ڣټлж˫̥ƬϴŵϿ϶ٹ˿͡
ҡͷá
˿ͼϣʦεðɣҪ𣿡
ǴʱܱźӺޱм䣬ֱԱߣͦгʦ־ǰͦãĥ˻˵ҪҪǰ
ޱɻʣһŲҲĵõ𣿡
ʦ˵뿴ǰͲĸЧá
Ϊԭ̬ɢʦͻȻ˸ɾޱǻ˺üƣޱܱźţվģҲǰ棬ޱܻںġ
ֻǻ˺üƺʦǾøտʼãֻ˻ȥ
ޱܡԼеı
ע⵽ҵı飬ʦһ˵ҪƬĵøá
˵ų滰ףڿԿʼ𣿡
ˣְٿһ㣬Űְ裬ע飬ЦһЦߵСЦúܺãǸ绹ǵܵܣ
˵Ǹ硣
ıܺã֣ܵЦһЦְҲЦһЦȫҸҪϲ죬ЦҪá
ԣ֣ҲҪס
ǣ
ʦĵУꡱޱܴźСͥĵһȫҸ
л˵
һ


120 
ȫҸ, ΪܰҪȥӪޱҹŲϣ˶١
ǵȥô, 翴ֵֻʣ裬ǼûǮԷ𣿡
ÿޱƢãǿסԴһƵĳ嶯ô˵ģ겻˵Ļ֪֪
֪ˡԴ˵ҾǺ, ȥкööóԵ, ֻ
ΪϷֲˮΪ, ׹ӦԳ, ǵĿԴΪ, Ϊ, ޱƽʱ׷Ƚ϶ࡣ
ǵ͵ϷθһҪһ׷, 緹費ʱŻġ, ԡ
ޱ˵, ҹȰְֻٳԡ
ҹԵ𣿡ҲʣǵȥǶҹ
˭˵ҹҪԵģǲ綼бǾڳҹ
Ǻö˷űڡͷ˵
˼ʣϷűڵģϳҹ, űھ𣿡
ԣͬĵطҹʱ䶼һ, ϼҹ, ҹҪĲʱ, ǳԷˣΪҹֽԲְְ첻ڼңڳҹ˸ˣû취Բˡ
ʣǼҵȰְֻųҹ
ԣΪϲųҹҪ׼Ļֻܶ࣬ˡ
ԭ˿ֻҪܳϷͺá

žıޱܴźΧԲ
Ȼڳĸ飬ԲҹޱڷǰŮ˸λãܰŮҡ˹
ֻСһҹ̫Ȥտʱš۾˫֣ޱǳųţͱ۾˯˹ȥ
ҡһߣ俴˯ˣ˵ô˯ˣ־ҪȥŪѡ
ޱæס֣˯ɡ
˵Ƿû갡Բһ˶еġ
ǵķû꣬Ѿˡޱ˵ڳԷǰιŮˡ
£ĻҲеԥʵòһҹ𣿡ȥҹˣ˯
ޱʣñܰס
ŶȻÿ춼Ҫ˯þã϶û취һҹڷ˺𴲵˼
ҹܴԺڡ
ҳ㻨Ǯϻ󷽵㣬ܶຢǮȥָڣ⼸ޱڼʱը
Ҳ⼸ӹܵøϣȥڣҲǸȥڡ
̫ʵЩ̫ΣգڻˤڻãֲŻըС󵨵ĺЩҪȥڡ
ײͬڲڻˤڣҪûȥ㣬߶ըÿ죬ܴ
ޱϼҴӾикӣСʱףûըΪûţȥƶըûˡ
СûǸӴģޱɲҷϹ档
ҲΪˣ⼸еﻵˣÿοӴԺ澭ȺӵȥըɳӣĽ
Ϊúֵܹ꣬ޱȥʱ˳˼ڣû˵ֱ극óܴ档
żڣѡСˤڣÿ˷˼ǻ᲻档
ֻ˵ᣬȴƫҪڡᡱǰϵȻ֣ʾ԰ְСĲһˤڣصӵ˵ϡ
ž
ˤըؿְ֡
һ㶼û˼ֻͬˤ˸ڵأȻͿʼϾһҽ£һԱߡ
Ա߿ܿսţŸһըְ֡
ޱԱ߿ú˵Ǳӵըˡ
֪߻ش𣬱ǰ˸ˤڣڰְֽˤӹˡ
һʱ䣬ԺֻʣӵĽк
ܣ㶯ֵУǶͦȤϲԾ¶Цݡ
ˤĸɾִźڣΪҪΣյ㣬˵Щע
̲ס˵ְÆŶ
ҭסޱ˵㲻ֱ˵
յְֵľ棬̱죬
Ƚעܸÿ˷ڣԼȥ棬ߵޱǰʣ治棿
Ҷˣޱҡͷ˵
ܣһꡣ
Ȼޱ̫Ը룬ͲסĥӲݣ˼˼һᡣ
ֻȻӵĺüⷽĵ治Ǵʱ̲סˣ²ը̫죬ҲԼˡ
ÿӳȥ̲סס䣬Ҳ̫ҿܺͺЩʱԱ߿Żܵš
ޱɿۣͿܿЦûʣǲЦң
飬ҡͷϣûС
Цʲôޱġ
ָӣЦǡ
˳ȥתͷ˵ְˣ
ܺòshigG٤طʣȻ󣿡
ʶʱΪܣȻ֪仰жڹ˻˼תȥԼʲôû˵
ŵףΪȽϴܰըҲǴźȥɳ̲档
ޱûȥһǲĹŮһڼңЩûʲôȤҲе𣬱ֻСĵ㡣
ӻġ
Ҳûȥ̫Զĵطſɳ̲ϣޱڼʱʱ顱
ΪûһᣬӪҲźǹȥˡ
ӪһԪǰסڵģΪϱôæסʱӶûôɣŴ˲٣ݶߡ
ԵĴ˯ӪżûæһŴһ˺ôǰ
סӪ½ݶŴԭĲݴԺҲɾˣҲͦģ
Ϊڼҷ޵úǼ﹫ϵģⷽо飬ɷݹУӪûѯܣһȥ˾Ϥ
ޱӪϱҲòȻԷԸЩ򣬲̫˵涼ͦã˵ϻ
ҹϵӪźǹȥǾһ
ӪϱޱҲڣóȥ֣ޱ˵˵
ӪϱãһҲˣ˵ڣܽæСʯͷȥµƺͳ°˵
Ҳ֪ô£ȥޱһӹãʮûʲôšޱȴʮ֣һӹãҲˣ˹˸齫
ž˵Ҿ֪Ǽ˶࣬ãǴ꼸Ȧ
ޱҼҾΪ˴齫
ģһ˵ޱԼԱ˵ûҾƴӵġ
ҪǹҸи£齫Ҳˣޱ͵סһô˾͹ˣʹ齫ҹˡ
ʵʣǴ򲻴򣿲һȥˣ
ܴ򣬵Ǵ齫һɡޱȻ齫ݵû
⣺û£صĹ£齫˵Ҷġ
ǡ漸֣

ǵܴӻصңͿ
ǻޱϴƱ˵ãûˣܲܰæӵˮ
ޱϴʱģ뵽һ仰˲ò࣬Ȼˮϲˮϴ˵ˮ
æʱܽӪִźӹˣǻȥϱڼҡ
֧Ҳʾܽؼ˸ֽƣΧԲ
齫ʱúܿ죬֪͵ת㣬ı½˼ҡ
ޱϴԡžı̧ۿվſڵܣ߹ȥӺ汧סʣڿʲô
һȥˡ
˵ܲͷޱıǼ⣺
֡
л˵

ΪжʵǱ޸117ĩβݣȤĿԻȥһ£ҲнͣͲһظˡ
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121 Ե
Ԫǰ, ȥȡƬ˳һᣬ
ܹƬ, ϴȴоţľһţùҵ˿ǽϡ
ߴСȫҸԼޱűյƬޱһų, СװšĺձŵǷ, ԰ڷš
ʣµƬǰĵЩƬ򶼱ޱװ, ܺ, Ȿ

ѧޱȥæµ, ǹ, ҲǱøѴˡ
Ȼ·˯ʱԭȵĶʮСʱʮСʱ, ѵʱԽԽҲȷ֮ǰѴ
ҲԽԽ, Ѿܰޱֵܶ¡ڶ̷ۺˡ
ޱøæµ, ҪΪڹչ˺֮࣬óʱѧϰ֪ʶμĸ߿
ޱǴȹٺͿʼϰ, ΪڱСѵ⵽ȥ°̫࣬û̫˵¡
ֱ, 뵽ָ߿ֻʣ²ʱ, ſʼ
Ȼ˸бҵ֤, ʵֻһµĿΣټ뿪ѧУˣ⼸ûô顣ҪǴӻָ߿֪ͨſʼϰ治ȷԼܿʲôɼ
ûΣ֪δķչ켣ʱҲֻӲͷƤϣɴ߿
Ȼүָȱ˶ʱ׼ϧλʵ˵ȥ
¶ĲμӸ߿ޱͰԼĴ˵ˣȻ˵ɣһˣ濼ˣ϶ҪǺüôš
̬ܵҲӰ쵽׵ǿȥǱרԺУ
֪һС˵ޱεȫʹޱͺԺô
ޱŮشñȽϼ򵥣ֻ˵С˵ȥתҵʯǣ˹Ӫĸ￪źȥºˡ
ܵ˵δò̳˵˷ΰñȽ硣ҲгϢ࣬ӳиҵˣԸҲԽԽ
Ĭ죬ܻޱǲΪ̣÷ΰŻ
ⷽȷע˺ܶ࣬ǰֻԼ̣Ӫǰó黹ǳ飬֮ǰ̣ܻȥҽԺβ£ӪЩ˳̶
ԽԽһ㣬۲˰£ҲûСӸˡҲûȫţϾ水С˵չԸԽԽĬҲпܡ
ûôɣ⺢Ӵ
С˵תҵ磬ºЩ£ûлɣⱲӵԼ·
ھ˼ͥС߽ӴĶǾʵ
ΪѬճԺԼҲΪ˾ˡȰԼҵԣϣһֱڲӡ
С˵תҵΪޱȥúúõģδûдıʣӦòתҵδʲΪôǮˡ
ǰܸޱ̸£ޱ׼ʾûϵûδͥص
Ȼº̣ܲûԹĸ￪£˳ŸĿȥ֪⼸ᷢܶ¡
߰еظĸ꽫ҪĴ˶ֱ磬ΰ˻ڽ·ȥ
ǰǺϢ֪һºһʱ䣬Щʲôʲôˡ
ڼͥޱǺǳݵĸףҶԣ̫Сˣֻܿʷĳֹǰ塣
Ȼܴޱе֪δܶ£ָ߿ޱû˵֪ޱμĸ߿ʣָ߿
shigG٤ţʱӦʮ·ǰ׿ԣϵ߰ϴѧΪС˵ûʱ䣬ޱ˵ñȽϺ
Ա𣿡
涨䲻ʮбҵԱ
С˵ﻹ˵Щɷ⣬ûժñĿܻᱨˣժñҲҪ쵼ͬ⡣ޱԼɷû⣬ڱҾʱ취ͺˣڲЩ̫硣
Ǿȥɡܵͷʣ㿼ѧѧʲôרҵ
һûã뿪ѧУ̫ˣҲ֪ԼѧʲôǸϰĺþǱõĻͱרԺУȥĻҲ㡭
ޱû˵꣬˵Ǳɡ
ʲôޱΪԼˡ
ȻҪǾȡôѧǱҲ취ǵ
£ޱڴͷô˵ֱ壬ʣ˵ģ
ܷţҲΪǱרѧڼƾͺٺͽڼղʱء籨ǵѧУһУ˵ĩܻؼҡ
ⷽ棬ޱûǹôһ˵ÿУڣܵȥ𣿡
ʱ⣬ڿʼ׼Ӧòࡣ
ޱ˵ȥ׶ϴѧȥ϶ѶȣҪӲͬǻغֻضϺӣ֮ٵȻƵÿһȥûܡ
仰ޱ¶˾ģٿǵרԺУһǿ
Ϊ֧ϱŪ׸пαͣǰͣκĸݣ˫£©
յʱޱิˡ
Ȼ֧ѧܸˣҲοеֹ֧ˡ
ٸӣޱǴ򿪿αѧϰܲ˷ġ

ޱæѧϰչ˺ӵʱܼҷһ£°øĸҹˡ
ǼֵпԣޱæòɿÿѧУӪͼһߣԵ֪ʱѾ䶨
øĸôȥˣޱţȻݵԶһ˿ɲףȻô׾ͱˣ
̾˿˵Ǯߵġ
ôǮޱʣѾ꣬ȥֻҪԸ⣬ӦҲû취ɣ
˵ΪڵϣҲøߣòǾ²Ҳò֡ε˵
ޱҲǣ̾˿ʣ˶Ǯ
һ٣Ӱùʳģ˵ǮǾ͵Ѿ޳ȥˣԺš
°´Сʯͷʱ򣬵ƾ˵Ҫķƽʰ¸Ǯ
Ȼ°õʱҪ˵ţ뿪߼˵ʱһ°øޱѧ֣Ӷ˲ٿſʼӵð㻨Ǯ
°쵽ܼңڸ˿꣬ȥÿ㻨Ǯﻹٶ๤ʡ
ǮȻ࣬ޱܻܷسŵǹһΣطöʮʮ飬һҪһߣ׬ʮ࣬Ժ󻹲ûǮ˾Ҫһʣ
ǵᣬþ뿪Ǽˣܱũҵ˵ˣ仧ȥޱ¶ɻ󣬵ƽ˵ʵŮ壬ϵģǮˣڲҲ·Ȱ仧ũҵӣٹֻԼ취
òǾֻܴտƵôǶͨũ񣬴ֲʶһԼ취ûôס
ٽڣĿԲ󣬵ȵٴҹ˵°öˣܵҵĳҲСܶࡣ
ȻҰοĳɷڣҲʵܽŮ˵λ߲٣ٽڼҴӸ޴ӷһףũ壬ܶŮ˻ǰΪҵţΪҾϹᣬɲԼ
ޱʣʲôʱߣ
µףʱҴԶٷҲһɡ
Ȼ°仧ڵũҵⲻԶ仧ҲԼ϶ܾ̽
ޱ׼Ӧ˵ˣô
ôͻȻޱʣ˵ǸָҲãøĳʲô𣿡
ˣг
֣ޱ㱻ˮǺʣ˵ýʲô
гôˣʶͬˣɻʡ
ޱ˵ʶ
ʵеȷʶԭгΡ
һǰʮУǳԷŮΪǼҵݣܾ֪ѡ
ڶγھʮУʱտʼ⣬˼ǰģС˵򵥽ܹ
С˵ϼݵģʮĩ˵ӰֳͳͳΪĽζãģѸ󣬰ʮĩҵת˽ͳҲУɴ˳ɿҵͼ
ֲͬϼҲͬޱһֱΪǺʶģûϵ
ڣ°ø֣˻
ޱɸпԵⶫʵں
л˵
һ


122 ѧ
ѮϢʱ, ޱƻг°ãӦýг, һȥũҵӣҪĿΪ˿δҪסķӡ
δסѡһס֪ȥ, ȻƫƧ, Ҳ֪, ũҵ֪಻, ʮ, ֪, Ů֪ˡ
Ϊ֪סŮ֪༷һ˯Ҳ̡ͨסȥĻ, ٸһŴ壬Ƚϲ, סȥóǮ, ܸ֪һԷŵ㡣
Ǽҵķӣⲻ̫, һǮܸĻסÿɵ㣬ҲܸŴǼ˳Է, ȱϾ, ദܻΡ
, ķ䣬һǴǼ׼ǼݣܴӲŸţȥһǴѸķӣܸͬһš
ǰ߷ӵǵضκãλڴģȱǼ۸Ϲ󣬶ҲԸǼƴܽصʱ򲻻⣬һְתҵǻ᲻Ͳ̫ˡ
߷ƫƧܱҲ˼ңڱ۸Ҳû֪ⷿӺôҲԣһǼǮˣ˼ԸǶԷ¶ĸԺܽڣĻҲڱ۸
ǱȽȱһųǼҵķӣ۸մ󣬲ֵ
ʣµѡУܽȽǰѡ˸ýͣ˷ҲסãûҪ
øиĺôȻũ巿кܱͷտǿǳܲзҲûãǶshigG٤õǮ
֪ƵĵǺޱ˵ҾǿԼѡ񡣡
Լѡ񣿡סôСõôԶ
ޱͬĹ۵㣬˵Сû⣬û⣬Ͳźѧ֣ѧˣҲһܼﰡǸ;ġ
ޱԸѡ뿪ܼңΪ˲۱ɩ
ܼҵలݰȻǱķСʯͷˣԸҲɣסҪģ޷һٷһ
ܼҲû˻۸ܽıӣҪķ紵Ը񲻹͵ˣɲ̤һ
οԭг뿪ܼҺȷòһ˵ԸܶʱͶģ˲Ϣ䷢츲صı仯
Ȼԭгʮĩ˵Ӱ쳧ֳޱԼѡ
ΪޱĽ飬ջóԼľ
˼ѡѸҵķӡ
ΪŮӣһܵĸԴмңȴûмҡܼңɩܺãﲻԷִġ
ҲäĿ򷿣ѸҵķΪģҷȽϣԼ۸񲻹Ϊӳסºùɣ嶼УҪõҲ¹ӵС
֮ȫĹʻһٳͷʳҴǷ㹤֣ҪǲĻͷǮӦùˡ
ֻҪ˽꣬ͻ
ȷ⣬Ʒû˵ʲôܽȥģҲǸũҵӵˣȻһˣ˿ɿ
Ҳܽ˰æģҲûţʱ䳣·ȥ๤ñ˺Ū
Ϊֻɼһţ·ݾŪòˣܽ˵ּҾ߰ȥʰɾסˣȥ
ũҵòԶ·ȥҲͶʮӣӹģܹҲʮ˼ҡ
ѸڴβԱ廧˼ңòҲԶʲôõ
ѸҷӲһĽṹңмݡǼӣԭͨģڿűˣų࿪þԺӣԶ
ʰͦɾڿˣο¼ңʰȻ顣
ޱվſ￴ֻķݱֳ룬ֱ߰ڷŴһŵ¹񣬴Ա߻Сӣż飬ֱңųһСú¯С
ޱʣԼ
Լ㡣˵˴Ȼãʳ治Լ϶õ㡣
Ҳá
ӣûж׼ظ뿪ǰɩӻˣԷһ㶣ʣСݣ
Ц˵ɩӣԴɣ
ԣǽǣ
ǾʰôҲ֪һסǵɩЩԺסҲ鷳æ࿴˿ˡ
ԴҲǴˣ׵Ƶ˼æӦõģԺھ
ǰܽ˴Դ֪ǸʵֵˣóķԵõӦʺ󣬵Ҳģֺ֮˼ŵ뿪

µҴһ˶ٷΪУʵҲУϾֻǰԺ̽Ǻ׵ġ
͵ڶ죬ܽͰų˼ҡ
ȥСʯͷûչˡ
ĴǰкתΪҽԺҩǰӼټԸºͣ˸ǻõľɩ˶ĳɷ˵£Եתࡣ
СӻǸŴߣΪԵתСʯͷҲ񵱳żȻõ𣬵ǲڼҵʱҲС档
ĵƲٵĽСʯͷ˴۸˳뿪ͰѶ͵רŴӵľɩ
ΪһСʱϢʱ䣬ûöԷзԱˣÿֻҪǮ
ҰѺȥҲ⼸µ£Ⱦ·ݿѧСʯͷȥѧУˡ
·ҪȥѧУĲֹСʯͷޱҲȥ顣
Ȼ涨һ꼶Ҫ꣬ѧУʵвô䣬ֻ̫СѧܻϣѧУҳ̫Ѻȥѧ
ѧڿѧ꼶ССʯͷҲˣ䲻̫СټǸޱΣֱ϶꼶ϣʵûҪ˷ʱٵһꡣ
ΪҪѧãޱÿ˸С
ͷеǾСѧѧѾμӹˣԱϾΪ١һŪģ˶೶ɫĲʽĿ
ܵоһӲ֡ޱǳ˲һ˸бİ滹ǣͦô¡
յ̫ˣǲϲǣյζҪȥѧˡ
Ϊһѧһ㶼ȥѧ
Ȼ֮ǰÿҲҪޱȥѧУǻѧÿ챻ڽʱ䶼ܵڰ칫棬˳չá
ޱʹ࣬ÿ춥ȥѧУ죬ȻصһҪϿΣγ̲࣬ÿˣʱ仹Ǻܳġ
ѧӾûôùˣÿ춼ҪѧУ߰˸СʱؼҺҵҪǣһֻһ١
δ޹ӣ;ĶҪˣԷôˡ
ܺܿ췢˶ӵı仯ĳϳԹޱ£ôˣҿϲųһ뷹
ķҲ仯
ǰÿһ뷹żθرòŻҪǳԷһ𲽣θںõʱҪ뷹
ϴγһ뷹Ѿǰǰˡ
ޱû˵֪Ҫѧ¡
ûϰѧУʣޱÿȥѧУӦӦѧУŶԡ
ǲϰѧУǲϰҪѧӣ̰棬ޱ˵ȥɣ˼ģʵͺˡ
ѧ϶ҪϵģǰǴѧҵⱲ²ٽһٲܱǰ
Ҳֳ红ӵˣޱô˵Ͳˡ
ڶ˼죬ʵ󣬹Ȼָʳָа⼸ΪԵ٣ȥ涼ûʲô
뿪ѧûʣ죬ץʱ
ʵ֤Զṻģһŵ죬бſȥѧĲ߳ȥ̵ĸо
Ϊ־shigG٤ޱȥѧУʦǶǶϤˣһſڣϳ˭˭
Ϊ̫ɥҲûƽʱˣһ꼶һİζеֲ˭˭ˡ
Ǵˣкʱź֣Ȼʣôˣ鲻̫ã
εĻ̧ͷԹؿʦһۣȻ󳤳̾˿
ע⵽С룬ԭ
л˵



123 ָ߿
Ȼѧͷһ, ѧ̣ܿӦСѧŷ˸߶顣
ͻȻתѧϰ, ڿѧڶ챻˰೤ͬϰɲĻΪѧϰίԱ
Եɲ£ֵ̬Ⱥܲͬú鷳, Ǻ뵱, ǰΰ˵ѧϰίԱ鲻, һºȻ뵱ɲжλ, ǿӦ
ܸ, , ೤ʦ£༶ˣ˵ϴ, Ը⵱ϴ
ϰ೤Լ, ڿ˶ƽ, ñǿ׳ˣţģ
ڲ˺ˣҪ೤, дܺˣϴ󲻸ˣб۾ϰ֡
ֱɫ, , ˵Ӧý೤
ܣҸСӡ
ܾǷʰ, ޱûãֻҪʵѧⷽԸӵġ
˶²̬ͬȣµĽ²˵ޱ೤ŻӦֻҪС
ޱȷˣȷǷʰ
һܣȫ֪ѧ͵˰೤ԼѧϰίԱ¡
ԴʾϾҪжˣҪôлл

ʼӦСѧڵˣҼһԲڡ
ޱȴЩأΪΰ˾ںȥġһС˵ûдҲ̫Ӧû졣
ޱѣûʲôڡΪλ±һӻԺ˻¡
ȽУ˰ְ鲻õ£ȴ֪һڴӵСӤһͨϣԳԺȺȡ
ѧ˵һСҪ磬Ȼʮ´󣬵ѾẰְ͸ˣżҲܷЩ򵥴ʻ㣬ûҪͲҪ
Ŷѧ
һŰ±һ¾ͳһڣûһѾ˵úˡ
±ޱͲñٳˣ˲
СĻȥܲ⣬ֻһ³һڵϷܺ棬Ҫ±ͳɤӿлš衱
ǰûнûͳƺϵ˵ǵģ纰ְ֣мҪͣһͣǺ֣͸Ҳ
һûⵥ֣Էѧ䡣
ָǻޱˣŮһԹϱܺЦı飬ޱվѹŮܣá
˰ְֻ󣬱Ҫ±˾ͱˣǺܿ죬Ҳϲᡰְ֡ƺš
ûҰѹŮϱֻ취תŮעĸ첲һʱһʱ͡
СŵðлҲ¶Цݡ
ֻǺ˹Ů𲻸ˣҲɡ
ܹʱϸ񣬵ϢʱҲԸź棬ӵǿҪ£Ƿ
ӪҵĺӿʱŰְֵҲҪ档տʼӪֺǺǵӦˣʮӺʼƣĵģʮӺߣ˵ְ־ٲˡ
ӪӶʱʧְôô;ٲˣ
⻰Ӫҭģָϵı̣ʮˣ𣿡
Ӫӿڣ廹ٵö
˵꣬δתͷΪһĽٿԼҰְذְ֣Ϸ׷¶ɸֵı顣
ӪͲó£

ôãޱΪڶǸ죬͹˴磬ɫҲЩ
Ϊ꣬ޱӶװ£Լĸȫɡ׼ˡ
Ҫűֻɡֻ¶ܻùŮܵꡣĵľǹŮʪǳˣܵûʲôӷȴˣò׼׵Щ
ѧУϵڶÿΣȻˣⳡµúܳ־ãֱѧûͣ
ˣѧʱſڶվӺӵļҳ
¿κޱҲûƽʱֱ뿪ǿżҳǰѷס޵ĺǶˣŴɡҴһص칫ҡ
ص칫ʱѾˣӤһ档Ϊû޻Сӣޱʣʦźӻȥˣ
վŷĻưҡͷ˵̫ˣ粻ȥŶȥշιˡ
շǸְ׼ᣬΪһֱûȥסʦǶշ䡣޻Ҫιĸ飬ʱʱȥǼ̺ӡ
ޱȻʣأôȥ
ûɡưƿЦ˵
ȥĻҿ԰ɡ㡣
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һܻص𣿡ޱʣҴȥʳô򷹰ɡ
ưûסЦˣ˵ҲҪһ϶
زأ
ء ư˵
Ҫ»ɡҲҪĻһ㡣
ưƱɡ⻰̸Ŀڣ°ɡ
ޱӦӳ﷭Լ£ٽ𴩹ڴԱߵһݹȥ
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ƽʱϿεʱޱñӤȥã޻ͺڶпΣźӲȥޱͽ˰칫ңæտ
ڿλưΪãһֱûȥӶտš˵ҪȥĻ֮ǰޱ޻һǰѺӴȥˮһֱûͣͰſڿκӡ
ư뿪ޱҲɡȥ˳з˻ѧУʳ÷˱ȽأʱҲֻܽųˡ
ŷлص칫ң޻ĶŮҲӽˣΧҡԶСܵܡΪû޻ޱʣأ
ϲȥˡ޻Ůϸϸ˵
䣬޻ͳɡˣޱʣȥʳôˣʲôˣ
һƬһˡ
޻ʳòɫ׼˵ǽɫ
Ҳʳóԣޱʡ
԰ɣûؼˡ޻˵ߴӰ칫ҳУӹŮ˵ͳˡ
޻źޱкȳԷԼӳóƿ̷ۣ׼Ů͡
̷ۣޱûֱӸŮȣҡţ
ڼ޻ˣɡϣshigG٤žѹʣУôˣ
Уôˣ翴úõ𣿡ޱҡƿɻʡ
޻ҡͷǻǺõģҸղȥ򷹵ʱ鲻̫á˵Ŵ򿪷УкԷ
ǾͲ̫ˡޱ˵ŴƿǣƿݸŮ
ʵǺܶһʮԵģڻСʱƿ͵ǰǺԸǰ͵ģ˫ֱƿͺ
޻ޱֹòǳʲô˰ɣ
ޱҡͷǱϹˣѧУ£У϶һʱ֪ͨǡļ£ЩҲô̫ࡣ
˵Ҳԡ޻˵Щġ
Żȥзʦ½صѧУ޻ܿ˴𰸡
ԭʱ㲥̨ڷһ仰ʱҪ㲥[1]У칫һ̨ӦϢŻôġ
֪Ϣ󣬲޻֮ǰ֪ʦģҪϢǺǻ
˵ĵͬޱ֪ϢĶȥ
֪С˵ûдһ죬Ǽ¼ˡ
ϿǰˮͣˣޱûΣԻؼң£ûлȥ
һֱȵĵ㣬洫֡
칫ʣµʦ׷߳ȥڽϿεʦҲ׷ͣķ۱ʣŲҴҵ뿪ҡ
ʦԼͬػ۵У칫棬ŷУųصĽŲ칫Ϸŵִ򿪰
Ҫ̨һ򿪣Աʹʹ洫˳
һʱ䣬칫һƬ

ȻǶֶѵһ꣬󲻶кϢ
·ְ·ݵƸĸڽţܵɷӰ죬󼶱һֱûܽҲ˱䶯
ڼ⣬Ҳ˵Ӹɲֳ벿̸˹Ӧˡ
ֳļѼϲսʿĲָ߿ϢҲԽԽҡֻϢټ٣Ҳֻ֣ȷǵøλĸ
Сѧʦˣв˶Ǵ˶ǰıҵпѧ뷨
Ϊ֪ޱͿʼѧϰݣǷ˵ϢԴޱһɷϣ˵ֲδ֪
ڸ߿ǷָϹȥµŸ˿϶𰸣μӸ߿㸴ϰ
ޱĻҲȷӦˣʮ¶ʮһգָ߿Ϣʽ
л˵
һ
[1]԰ٶȡ


124 ߿ǰ
ָ߿Ϣ, СѧＸ˻ϲ˳
ϲޱĽǰļˣ¸߿ָԼǰϰ˷ʱļ, Ǳͬһµĸϰʱ䡣
Ѿû̫ʱ䷢֪ͨ˵ʱ䶼ýΪѧֻͣÿʱֶѧϰ
ֵĻǸϰ, Ϊû̫׼, ܶпα費, ˵ิϰ, ˶æͷת
Ҳ, 뵽ޱͿʼѧпγ, жĸϰϣš
ͬ£, ޱȻ᲻һݸϰõѧУ, ҪԼժ
УֹǲμӸ߿, ֻҪӰѧޱ˾ٲԣ;Ӷࡣ
еλ쵼Уô֧Ա߿, ξͲͬԱμӸ߿ֱ˵ԱΪμӸ߿Ӱ칤λᰴس̶Ƚд֡
ޱʱ˵, ͷѧ, ٽԷô, 꼸Ҳܸ졣
ѹμӸ߿һʱɼͨбҵֱӽ˹ӪӴûٷαҪǲμӸ߿µôӳݿʼϰʮޣȻ֪ͨ˵ˣ߿ɷſƣɼȫմߡ
ֹ͵ƶμӸ߿ǰҲǹ䣬Ļ̶ҲǴ˶ʼǰרûٽ޵¡
ޱ죬Ҳˣ˵ıʣǵλμӸ߿ô죿
С֣ǹˣСԥ˵ǵλ٣μӸ߿ľôˡ
ʣʲôӰ칤
ǿɶˣ˵ˣȲϰʱ俴飬βôͷ츴ϰˣϰûɣӰ칤ȻμӸ߿ҲĹ̫ϸ̲סΪͬ±ƽҿǲС֣СμӸ߿
ϰʱ临ϰôҲˣǰռùʱ˽£ȻǰҪץ£ҲӦ߸˵ǹʧ
ϰྫ״̬Ӱ칤̲ס˵쵼Ҳ̫żëˣμӸ߿ϰûӰ칤ЩμӸ߿أ
βǡ˵
ǾˣͬĸλôԴˣҿξǲԱμӸ߿ģʣС֣Сʹôˣ
̾ô죿ͷ̬ģҲ֪֧ǾɩμӸ߿ǲ֧֣ϸҲδн
ޱ˼˵ͷӦò¡
ô֪ѹ˵ʲôϢˣ
ǵûУУ֧ǵʦĲμӸ߿컹ôѧϰС飬ϵʱ伯ѧϰЧʣޱ˵˾ͬɩμӸ߿УӦòôִ֧ҡ
ԥǡ˵˵£ԼҪҪϸ棿
һҲԣŪǵ̬ȣǲϸ棬ͱǰҲˡ˵
Ӧòڡ뻹ǵúÿǿǰɡ
»治Ҫͬᣬ첿Ӿͷ˹棬˵Ϊ˾ɩܸõرս߿Ӻ;Сѧ˾ۣþСѧңͬС飬ȤľɩԱ룬ѧϰʱǹϺȫ졣
󣬹縺˵̬һٰʮȴת䣬ȡ֮ǰĽÿػοʱμӸ߿Ա
ޱʱ̲ס²˵ûǰС֣Сռùʱ䣬Ǹϰʱ䲻ãǶǷֵҪӰѧϰÿ˻ҪǸϰôˣ˵һֱܽΪ⡣
ޱô
ǵãÿæҲһֻǰôԴòƽ컹˵Ҫ֪ҲμӸ߿
ޱҲùǸ˲ţһһģÿǹӪҵ˶λ٣ôûԸŲѡҲ⼸ˣȵĸ￪ţгˣôŶӣҪɢ
²ʣshigG٤ôһֱûˡ
ޱ̾˿ˣæת
ޱǲμѧϰСģȻУ뷨ܺã̫ʺ꿪ʼϰܻǽȶԶԶǿˡμӻС飬ܿԼòͬʱûʱȥˡ
ӺѧУ֯ºޱͱץ׳˻С鳤
ȻͷûҪޱἺΪ˵ľֻϣܳСʱĩСʱΪҼн⣬ʱǲһ֮ǰæ͵еޱױһߡ
˵̸˵أǸܣܾû˵˽ˡ
쵼ǰôҪĹ㣬˵Ǻܿ㡣ο˵뷨˼룬֯ŵв
ޱҲ뷨Ȼ̫Ը⣬ǽ񣬷һˡ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬ʣˣ㱨ʲôѧУ
θ߿־ԸǱʱһģޱǰȥ־ԸҲˣ˵ҵһ־Ըд󣬵ڶ־ԸǴѧ־ԸǱصרԺУ
дģ
Ҳǡ
ԾĵطʣȥǶѧǵʱܺô죿
ޱҲ£ȥ͸쵼ְ£ʱˣ󻹸ְû룬뽻ȥˣҲûϢ֪ô
ޱεʱ˵ɡ
㱨ǵѧУ£֪𣿡ѹʡ
ޱ˵֪ѧУҸűġ
Ա˵Ǽڻõġ
ôˣ
ǵλʦ˵ҪμӸ߿֮ǰ˻Ӧúúõģ汨ͷˣء
ޱ¶죺ѧУ񻹿ԣɷìˣ
ҾӦǴҪμӸ߿ˣͿ˻᲻ЭҪǲƳòˡ²˵ʵǼֵ׵ҲֻһԣüΪ³ܣ˵ŮҲǹѵģҪ˲μӸ߿ϱ϶˫˫űʾͬ⣬Ůϣ׼ǸûŮתһ
˵һ
ʲô
ʲôܲ²ܡ
ĥ˻˹ʧЦ˵ǡ
Ůڼɲʲôܣͨ²𣿿ǵͷŮ˵ĸΪ˼ͥ벻֤õɡ
ôƽ

߿ǰܸޱĵְȫһȥ½ۡ
ܵ뷨ǣޱȥѧУӣͻϼ鷳æչˣҲ뱣ķչˡְܵ͵ȥ󽫺ǽӹܣٿδ·ôߡ
ֻǰӶĸޱ̫ģӣҪչˣٶӣ˲
ȻŸĸӺãɩԸ˽⣬͹ȥɩ϶ڱֹҪǱƲ̫ܡ
뱣ķȻƿɲ٣Ǿˣ뱣ķ̫ʡ뱣ķеĻŮģ
ǰһǺеԸ⵱ķģͨĴ⣬չ˺ûôϸŮİɣŮ˲ڼҵ£һ׷ǹʵŮסڼǱķҲ⴫ɫţޱܲˣԿη
ޱ뷨ܲԾšüë
ǷҪתҵʱޱˣúǸһȥǰɣʱѧУ׷ӣķȥ˭Ҳ֪˭뱣ķ˹ܣҶŮˣ㡣
᲻æʡ
ޱʣѧܱϰæ
ǵǡ
ôţ㿼ԣų겻ɣٸһʱ䡣
һûô죿ޱ̧ͷܡ
һתҵܱ˵꣬㹴𴽽Цѧϰ㣬Ϊֵֵͥص
Դܲԭŵ·תҵҵʱޱһЦ
־ԸʱޱѧԺ½ҵѧԺҵ׬Ǯѡԥ˺ܾã˳ӱѡ˺ߣʱɾǰֵͥصܵЦ
Ժ£ޱǳû˺֮ǣϿΣȫĶͶ뵽ĽŸϰ
жʮ״θ߿һʮһµĻ[1]
л˵

[1]ݲ鵽ϣ77߿Ǵ1128տʼ1225սġ


125 ߿
Եص, Ϊ˱Ծɩǵ֧֣߿첿ⰲһÿͿ
ȻˣޱԵһܻ˼, һ˳ɰ
ġ
ÿѧкĩԵ죬ޱֵһɰԴףǶ100
ȻÿοԶ, һֱʽ, ֵޱ, ˯ǰⶣ, ǧǧ򼸸Ҫ
Թ, ܴޱȥԡ
ӰŵĿͣڼſ, ǵò粻ҪμӿԵľɩ˲һ롣
ٽԣλɩӦͬ, еڵץʱˢ⣬Ҳб鱾֪ʶ, ߴһۿܿĿġ
ſǰܶѧһͶѧһ, ҲԽ·͵ģΪ˱˾ûϳվ˵˵ЦЦ
һӹ, оɩʣӪûȥӪ
ˡ˵
صؽͣһ쿼ԣְֺҪΪСѧμӿԵʦȽ϶࣬ѧУʱ, Ҳܸȥޱ
ǸӦ, ѧ仰˵Ҫ
, Ƕô԰ԷЦֶޱ˵ӪãҼλûġ
ɩ׷׸ֹͣλҼλҲ
˵˵ȥˣң˵ұμ˸߿Ҳ϶ãұ˷ʱ䡣Խô˵ԽҪܲܿɩմӼĵݸűԹ˾䣬˵˾ÿ򿪿αץ
ÿߵ׼ʱϵ˱֮ǰͬˣǶˡ
һϢÿŵĿԭ˵˵ЦЦľɩ˵ҷ׷ױ鱾ֻʣ¼ӵ˵
ѹʣ裬ΪʲôǿԲμӿԣѧУԶǲȱģ
ޱ˵߿ѧУԲͬû˻ǿȥԣȫԼѡ񡣡
Ϊʲôˣʡ
ޱҡͷ費֪Ƿʲôˡ
ͷţ
ظʱԻûпʼΪҪûʾshigG٤ϣҲûǰȥڳϼѧϰš
ܿޱҪҪҲ飿
ޱҲ˱ʼǹʼϼǵѾǵù죬ΪΪӰȫУǰץʱ䷭飬ܾġ
Ϊܺͺڣû㿴ʼǣֱ˵Уٿʼݡ
Ϊޱ˱ʼǣԭһ˵ӶȻǻ̫߿Ҫԣ֪ⳡԶҪ
ǰʮӣޱϱʼǱһ׼ֽ֤ʣȷû⣬ºǵգȻһӵת򿼳
ɩˣϷ׷¶ĽЦݣ֮ǰ˵˵ȴҪ͡
ֱʱޱͼ˸ǲŷԼҲҪһӵ
ûֻܳһѧУȥ
һΣޱǿ׼ȷ˵ҪеĿĿǿԽô
ĿޱԲѣʵϲֹޱôã˶ô롣
˶ϵʱ˵ԡΰ˵ΪͷλμйԣĿĿԲβ١
˵Ǿ˴˶ڼΨһûµĿĿ
Կʼ󣬴ҹȻܱʼ顣
ޱдò죬ҲǰСʱдԾּ֮һ飬ȷû˱ʣȵԽ
һŸ˺ܶģѧУʱޱĺüɩ϶ЦݣȻò
߳Уţܱźӭʣô
ˡޱ˵
˵
Ҳ޵
ΨЩԥĿ˲ʲôÿοԶܰԾдģÿεĳɼ⡣
ʵҲһܽȫǰ壬һ꼶ѧˣЩһ꼶
ɼҲ˵á
ˣ˵˲ܴʲô뵽ҪĿû裬˵˾䣺
ޱ֪ӵȻ˴ҵĳޡ
翼ѧޱƫƣֱⶼбкôſΣȻѧúúѧòôõġ
ޱΪƣĿƱƺãҲѧѧúá
ޱҸоһѧٲҲǸĿȣʱѧɼڰҲǰéʮ״θ߿ΪμӵĿüûαԾòѣޱѧ꣬˸ơ
˵ޱһĿԺ˳
سʱޱûбֳϲãΪ˿вɫǸϰõҲ£ι̣ü˶һԾ
ȻҲ˵ģѧУ͸ޱ˴𰸣ޱһϲǳͬ䡣
Ǹ˻ǲˣϳ󶼰һ죬ҪϢ
ޱҲЩƣ룬ʹǷܽ˹ȥûһԺֱͣűѡ
ܲԸⱳȥ˯ѣӰĿԣһͲˡ
ؼǰȥ˲гʱ仹磬ʱԼ
³ܣޱǿ˷ģȿС
۳ܡ
Լô˵ˣޱȻɡ
ҲûôķˣһǾ⼸ĶܵĳյȷСҲϰˣżְֲúá
ȻܲҪĿ佱
극½ôĻشһɶǻԣоܶ͡
ʵãҲµ˽ʹûж´ϰֻԼԺһۡ

ڶޱѵʱѾˣֻ뵽һ١
ޱǳԵΪӪ緹ʱǿҪ󼦵Ե㹣
緹ޱӻؼң˳ʰҪĶ
ʰʱԱ߶ޱҪĶƣΪȽϺãҺܿףܰޱ񽻸
һظһС
ʰöǰޱⶣ𣺡ְ趼ڼңҪչ˺ԼȥˮߣΣյĶҪģҪչ˺ã֪𣿡
˵֪
Ҳظһչ˺øǵģ
ޱֶ̽Ŷ̵ĹŮ治֪˵ֻ󣬵ǹŮ
ڶ쿼ĺʷ/ΪĿҲܱרҵޱѡ˸аյʷأһĿҲ˳
ʵ߿ܹ죬쿼ӢǱؿĿޱѧԵڶĿԽޱͳ׷
ɲζ߿ޱԴ𰸣ðش̫鷳Ÿ߿ԾѴĬ˳
ȻޱûѴĬĿӡԾĬٷ֮ʮҲ𾪵ˡޱԴ𰸵Щˣܼǵһ𰸶ġ
һʱ䣬У֪ޱĬȫ𰸵£ͰޱμӿԵʦϣôһ֡
Լ֣Ҳһޱķ֡
Ȼʦޱι̣˶ټҲǿԣȷĿҲ֪ˡ
ȷ꣬ȫʦˡ
֪ޱʵϰʱһ֪ͬܶѵ⣬ֻҪޱ϶ܵõ𰸡
û뵽ޱܿôã׶ѧû˰ɣ
УҲôģޱ㱨ļѧУ
ޱԼ־Ը˵ˡ
У
ǰ־ԸˣдǴѧȻ׶ԺУ־Ըô£רƣޱԼĳɼǲ⣿
ʵרƲܴררҵ˶ǸӪ˲ţһֱʮרŻὥû䡣
ޱܿ׶ѧ˰ĳɼôҲ䵽ר
ʵϷУޱǰ־Ըˣûסʣû׶
һʱ䣬ʦ׷׳ޱ˹
ޱʵҡͷûС
Ϊʲô
֮ǰĶԼ취ŪԾڼһֱѧûϵͳԣҲοԵѶȣ׶˷־Ը
ʵЩĵطǰģ⿼˵ñûĵ´Ρݵ٣ûʲôģ⿼ܲμӿԡ
ˣȻޱǰҸоãȷԼܿʲôĳɼ
ҸоãҪΪѧȻ׶ǲܱȡʼ׶ѧпܻỼûʧϾȫôˣʵ㲻ʲô
ټ׶ûʲôִҲɷ̫ԶԶԼΪ־Ը׶ѧʧshigG٤֮£ޱﲢû̫ź
ޱôÿУûٶ˵ʲô
ܣ֪ºʣԺ᲻ڣ
Ϊʲôڣޱʡ
˵׶ѧ
ޱ˼״úҡͷ˵ҲڵģңȻϲ׶ѧҶԺΪ׶ѧѧ
Ϊϵ̸ڶԷʱޱЮ˸ȣڴԵ㣬ǼѧԺͽˣ
𣺡
л˵
һ


126 аְ
ֵĽܿ촫, ˻ãߵͶУΪȷԺУķ, Ŀǰʲôȷ
ޱ̫ͬߣ׶ѧ˵´࣬Ҳܸߡֻѧ¼ȡǰ϶¡
Ϣ, Ϥ˷׷ǰϲޱ
ȻҲ˵Ự, ˵ֻԼ, ֲȷ, ޱ忼˶ٷֻһ, ڵô, Сûյ֪ͨ鱻
ֻģ˵ޱ̫أȥ׶ϴѧ, ȴֻǵѧУôѧʧ֮ۡ⻰˵ѧУҲǺôѧ㷴, ٺܺù׶ģ֮ޱǼ֥鶪ϡ
˵ޱĵ, ôԶѧУԺ϶ǹ˲ˣһ˻˵, ＸӾ࿩
˶ȥȰܣޱȥϴѧ˵Ů˶˴ѧľҰ, Ҫޱ˺ǰ;, ȥ, Ըݵط
ȰܵģֱӱȥдˣȻûº֣Ҳû̫ýᱳʹȴп˵Ӵû˸ҵǰֹʲô
˵ỰģֻҪûޱǰֹûܣ赽ǰ˼䡣
Щǰϲģֻ˵Լģ׿˶ٷֻȷ֪ͨûһж˵׼
ֳһµףܵĵְڱ
ֻܻ˵һ룬ޱͲµǹӣȷżʣأ˻û
šüĬ
ûޱĳأŬõķȥ룬ʵҲûʲôԺҲͼ£ҷپܴźǻ
˵˵ޱòԣϸȥܣšüë֪ʱѾչʱ̣ʱ򣬷ЦֲЦģ
ޱȻֹ򴽿
ϱҪ쭣ȭͷס촽һ˵ʵҵĵְѾˡ
ޱ˫ֱأǺǣȻأ
һµʱ佻ӣȥǣһ˲÷ֿˣ ˵꣬ȸ״ʡ
ޱǺǣھЩ˵ͦԣѧǰ;϶һƬãѧҲʮͷһ϶£˵õȵѧҵѧУʶ־ͬϵͬѧ
ܣϱҴˡ

³˫ְܵ뱻ĵڶ죬֪ͨޱȥ졣
߿֪ͨμǺ£˵˷ߣϸ񣬸ѧУͻᰴճɼ¼ȡȻ·֪ͨ顣
ʱԽûб׼𰸣ҲûгɼɿѧУ¼ȡҲǲ⹫ġ¼ȡ֪ͨ鷢ǰúòãûлϴѧֻͨûб֪ͨжϡ
ξɩǿòʮ˲μӸ߿֪ͨоŸˡⲻյ¼ȡղ²⣬ϵĸ˾㲻ˡ
ܽΣȥʱҶǸ˵ģܱȱ˶˷ϣ
ܿȫϸ񣬻ȥʱͷ裬˱ų·İ˶ֵǡ
û⣬һ·ЦŻص
ﶼˣһ˾Χ˹ǸʲôȥˣǽΡ
֪ȫͨΧ˷׷ǵأ˵Ц˺һɢȥ
˼ޱȥӺӡ
Ϊȷμжˣʲôʱܽǰޱ͵鷳æտ
Ժʱھһ죬ޱԺʣô
һľɩвɻʣʲô죿
˵Сֲǲμ˸߿˵˷ߵĶҪȥ죬ûĻڼҵ¼ȡ֪ͨˡ
ޱ˵ʵûҲһܱ¼ȡҪѧУ¼ȡߣԼ־Ըе˾㿼úã־ԸҲ񡣡
ô鷳ʡ
ǰŵɶˡ
֪Ķ̷ɩ˵Ӧûɣ˵ķͦߵģ׶ѧܱ
һɩȻ£˵ޱֺ־Ը£ʣ㱨ѧУߺͺܶࣿ
˵һЩͶٲȷޱ˵ҹֲǶȷ𰸹ģķܸʵʷһ
̷ɩʣһķߣʵʷߣ
̫ȷ˵Ӧùķ߰ɣ
˵е˴𰸼ǵòȫ䶯ͺܴ󣬵ԼĻӦùķߵ㡣
̷ɩ˵ô˵㱻¼ȡҲʮþȣ
⻰һ֮ǰľɩ͸һ첲⣬˵֮ǰķ׶ѧʵʷȹĵһ㣬ϵĸʻǺܴġ
ͣûû
ҼԡޱЦʼȥˡ
˵ҼһȥˣҪҼᣬ˵Ǻܿͻˡ
𻹺˵ͷ̸첲ȵĸһȺӵ裬ޱﲻ̫ģ˵ȥǰɡ
ҲС
ڵԺӺޱ˱ѭűָķҹȥɳ̲ҵӡ
Ҳڣ⻹߰ĺӣкŮУڹҼҡܷʲô£еңһһ䣬һһеƲס
ûв룬վȦΧ˵ޱοƹȥ׼ǻȥ
ޱûڣ˵ҪҰְ֣
ޱ
ͬɻĻбǰְǰְ֣Ǹѽ
˵ǹҼңǰְ֣Ǹ硣
ޱ׹Ϊ첻Ϸء
ƶǶ˵ðɣ硣
һ˵ͨˣǾõĳƺ̫ʡ뵽ϷΪжϣôûʲô⣬ͰѵߵĻ˻ȥ
ţô˾䡰衱ȥ㳹׷ùȻ׹ҼϷĹˣղϺŮ衣
һ룬ܵҲ裡
ܵܰݵĲС
ɻţޱԲѽ
͵תɴ۾ʣ
ѽְ֡ޱЦ˵
˲ǵͨ죺ҡҡڹshigG٤Ҽҡ
ޱЦеְ֪֪ˣҼҵʱúְ֣ᷢʲô֪𣿡
ᰤᡣ
Ժð֣˸ʣְܱܲ߰£
԰ޱһڴӦ
˿һ˵ʲôأ
ɡŵؿޱ
ޱصͷ㱣ܣȻҪô
ʱԴ˵ɡʲôûа
ôأ㲻С𣿡
ޱӵĲ״ǺģеСͻǮͷжʮ顣
ûдǮϰߣ˵һֻһ֣ȥڼ֪˵ܵܵĴܴ̼귢ݾܵܿ룬ǮûһһҲ˼Ǯ
ڱСһǮûޱǮʱԲȣΪ㡣
ȻǮףޱӶ˿ûԼӣСһӣǳĲֹһ
ȻޱҲûѶӿ̫ݣͱ˵ˣѡʳ۸߲ܳëǮ
׸£вֻ̣˰һǮһ
ûô࣬һڴӦΪԽǮûֱ˰ǡ
˲ʹ˾֡
ֱޱߴǣ˵̫ˣñʳظһ
ί˵á

òܳԡޱ˵ţëǮĹӣˡ
͵ܵĶ˿ͬʱʣò𣿡
Ҫ𣿡ޱЦʡ
ҡͷˣĺòã
ޱúԺ󻹸Ҳҵְˣ
ʣµëҡͷˣԺҲҪְˡ
˽ѵޱǰǣ˿ŸҪ޲޵ĹŮ˵ԳãԳǡÿ˷ǡ
̵ǣعζӺûǹǡְֺҲǲܵ
л˵



127 ¼ȡ
˶, ¼ȡ֪ͨ½˹
յ¼ȡ֪ͨǾСѧһʦϼҵһʦѧУ
ڶյ¼ȡ֪ͨǹС֣, ֻ˲μӸ߿ܿһѾܲˡ˵ĸ˵֪Ϣֵúϲ£죬Сְ֣ǰͻᡣ
ĽĻС֣ϴѧ칤£̲סޱֹҪֺ֪£ҲμӸ߿ˡ
, Żڶ쿼, ĻӦûи߿, Ҫμ, ʱҲԱޱȤ˵
˰, Ҳ, 뱨ҲͲȥǹˡæ֣˵ޱҪȰ, æʵʵ˵㻹֪, , ȥԣҶͷ󡣡תƻޱյ֪ͨû
ޱҡͷûС
ôôûյ֪ͨ飬ס, ο֪ͨ鶼ǸѧУĹģ϶, ٵȵ, ˵ˡ
ޱǳЦ˵֪
Ϊޱٳûյ֪ͨ, ۵˲٣ֻģ˵֮ǰСѧЩʦôΪޱ׶ѧںˣǵѧУϣ֪ˣ籨ר
ҲлֵģҲᱻᵽ־ԸһϣֻǲǰֻǾ̫ϧˣ˵΢һѧУ͹ˡ
οһúп֪ͨ黹ûĹرμӹѧϰСЩɩôá˲ޱĳɼȴ֪ģǿɺ̫ˡ
ǾСѧޱһֵЩʦᶨΪ֪ͨû͹μϵ˱ԤƵĶ࣬ˣ˾ҽԺ͹һʣȫԾСѧ
˹־ͦģǵõޱԵϣҲ鷭ҹԭ⣬𰸻ǶԵġ
ɴ˿ɼǵʱķǺвοԵġ
ޱʵʷûôߣӦҲܿд󣬾дǴѧϣ־Ըϰɡ
˲ܱô˵Сѧʦޱһ仰ٵȵȡ
Ҳ˵ٵȵȣޱġ
ޱҲûϵ껹ٿȻЩڽ䶨ǰû˵οĻ˵̫Ե̫ɥˡ
ʵޱ֪ͨûȱ٣Ҳ߰졭ɡ
֮ǰޱյ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬¼ȡѧУҲĵһ־Ը
յ¼ȡ֪ͨʱޱӪҵԺϱɩ죬ͻȻӪϱ¶ŵı飬˵ľɩ׷ôˣ˳߿ȥ
һתͷҾͿͻȻԺмС·ϵʵԱгϣӼȡ±ż߷˵ޱͬ־š
ޱԺǽȥȷʵҵţ
ţд֡
ޱ˸оʣͬ־֪ǴļŲ
ǣҼǲ̫ˣʵԱ߷ż˵ĶأҼǵˡ
֣˶Ӧ˹ʵԱûţɽŵͬ־˰˵֪ͨ顣
䣬ʵԱ۾һҵˡ
ӱҳţޱˡ˵֪ͨ顣ŵݸޱʱ˳ϲ
ޱӹżŷдУ꣬˿ЦʵԱл
ʵԱ֣гתȥ뿪ˡ
ʵԱһߣɩΧ˹ʣǲ¼ȡ֪ͨ飿ĸѧУĹģ
ӦǣдĹġޱ˵˺ŷ⣬ȡżչ
żչ۵дȫƣԼѧѧ֪ͨ顱֣¼ȡϢ
ɩ˵ǾǣǾͲǣôӦǰ
ޱһĿʮп˵ȷˣ¼ȡ֪ͨ顣
ģǿǴϲ°
ûдǲĵһ־Ը˵㱨ѧУã
СԺ󲻾У߲ˣ
ɩǵһһޱûвͷһһش˵Ǳһ־Ը¼ȡġУ߲ʲôģҾ͵ǴȤˡ

Ȼûյ¼ȡ֪ͨʱ䣬ޱһֱֵúܵҪ˵Ĳǲܵģ¼ȡ֪ͨȷһ
ܻ֪ޱ¼ȡҲܸˣȻûϣ´λٿܿǺ¡
Ϊףȵƣܸսžֳȥˡ
ͷλԱԹ̶ޱʱǼˣǼǶۻԱ죬ۻԱҲϤ
˵Ҫƣ̨ۻԱʣǼǲǷϲˣ
߹̨ǰһλ˿͵⻰æʣshigG٤ҷϲˣ
˶ܵĳƺ仯ձڣޱĳƺ˺С֣Ҳ˺ޱޱ
Դ΢ʣޱͲһ꣬ôһڣһͳС֣ҪʶǵΪǲ˱֣ϱȺ˵˵
ԴޱķӦǣǲʹˣ
ܣ
ϱΪʲôͻȻ䣬ޱͽ˵ǰںôƺ㣬ͻȻƽ
ںСֿɲͻȻģޱǻᣬ˺ˣϤҲẰС֣ǻֲû
ʱ⣬ͻȻƽʹʲô
ܣֻǾò˱
Ȼܼʹˣޱûǿ˵аɣԺǺСڣ
Ȼ⣺ǲǰҺ̫СˣС֣ĸͲ쵼
ޱɴ۾㲻ǺְɣҸ㣬ܣʮ꣬ŲҪ˺֡
ţô˫ꡣ
Ҳû̸ףܵĳƺ̶ˡڡϡ
ԹΪһɤӣﲻۻԱǹ˿ͣܿ˹Ǽҷʲôϲˡ
ҫòС˵ʵҲûʲô£ϱյд¼ȡ֪ͨ顣
ͷ˶ô˽ѧ׶ͷ˻֪ǹõĴѧʣµĴѧﶼֳܷ࣬ѧררĲ
ͷܿϴѧѾܲˣζʮ˲μӸ߿ϵֻӦ߸ˡ
¼ȡʿźͦߣΪӺ;СѧϸѧϰС飬ټޱϣɩǸϰ˸ơ
漸ӣʮ˲μӿԵһϾͲˡ
ȻС֣С⣬ûǿдֵ˼ⲢҾޱϲ

Ϊޱд󣬹°ûŻؼңڼϲ
֣žͿʼߥޱƣֻޱȻ˾ƣ⼸ټϺȵò࣬ӻţԱЩԥ⡭᲻̫ߵˣ
ʲôߵοϵĺüɩƣһֲࡣ
˵ҪƵļ˵֣ȻǹС֣˵ˣдϵõĴѧμӸ߿ľɩ㿼ãǶƣʲôµģ˵ھҪȥˣҪȥѧԺ󻹲֪ܻǻûлپۡ
ޱȷȻ֪ԺͨԽԽ㣬Ҳǧˣмʮ꣬Щ˻֪ܾۼΣ˵Ҹ°ɡ
֪ޱѧһۣȻ˫ͬ⣬ֻѧĹģϣеС硣
ޱֻϵ׽ˣȴѧôҪ£˵ˮϯҪɣӪЩ˿϶ҲҪ
ޱ뵽ҪְҲսǾһۣ˳˼
ȷѧĹģ¾ͺðˣһǿ϶񱴱¾ǻһƲá
뵽Ů¾ƣޱп
ʱΪ´ΰƻѧ磬ȴûѧȴ
л˵
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128 ѧ
һĴڹú֡
һΪ˶, ۺͷɣҲС΢ϲϴѧĲ˵, м˼ϲù/Ů
겻ѧӣ˶͵£ǰ˵ģҶſ˵ģǹڼޱܶ벻ϡ
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ھϵĲƷҲޱٳ, 졣
޻, չ˵ģʱԼҲźӣ¾ûɡ
ﻹ˼ǵ, бҪҵޱ, ɻô, ֽ˼ķ
ֻȻˣʱû˸ҳ뱣ķԹȥһ, Ȼлûһݹܳڸȥ
ޱѧ統죬ԼҪк, ϶ûʲôʱ, ӹӪ˻Ҳʵ, Ǵ𣬷ֲô׼ϯɫ
˼ȥޱ뵽
ղϴ¾ƣޱһ׼ġޱ֪ϸ¸սһݹû¸ɣ˵¡
ȻǴˣչӺӺо飬һ˼ҿ᲻뱣ķչ˶ϱӡҲͼľɩҾã趼ߣټżĲȨչԼ
ֻǼľɩŶ٣һӵж٣ȥһֱйãȴδء
ҲҸõһ꣬Ѿȥ泯ˡ֪¼ãץÿһݹᡣ
ǵޱ˵⣬̴Ӧϸϯ¡֪ϯҪԼܲ֡
ϯһ˿϶ٳֲޱҲ鷳ԾƵĿˣ˵ǮһǶ٣䡣Ҫڿ죬ҲҪڵĶ϶ҪҰɾ
һڴӦܿҵˣޱޱǴ·Ȼϴ÷ףкܶಹŸɾʹӦˡ

ѧ統죬ޱܶûˡ
Ȼ˲⹤ǵģʱ̸Ĺûһ
Ҳףܷŵزǻ׼ˣҪҪǻˣѼȡ
Ѽˮг˵ˣǮƱѾˣֱӹȥþУֻҪȥ
˻صңҲ˹ˣԺվš
ޱǴк㽫Ŵ򿪣潫ú¯ڳȻĲˣ˵˵ʱȱʲô˵ȥ򡣡
Ӧкú¯˺ֹæ
æʱޱ¥𴲡
Ϊڼ伸ÿ춼˰ƣʱˣʮһ˯ϸ˯𴲡
˷ŪѣޱʼǷкСѡ
ͱԸе񣬶ְ֣뵽̴֣˾񣬲˸̫ʽľ˵֤񣡡
վм䣬ߵ˶˼ѪһĬƬ̺Ҳؾ֡

Թ緹ʮң½
ȻģҾڸڣshigG٤Ҳ㡣֮ΪҶˣǶϼҴڹġ
շдŮޱкӴ档
ϵǻΪͷС뵱ϴû˷ǵ֮ĺ
Ȼڻ꣬Ŵ˸ĸҪǸ׵ߣȥ߿˾ĺӲࡣ
ټһ೤úܣСԹֶ࣬Сģ΢һĺӶԸ档
͸Եûôˡ
ȻûɲÿοԶǵһĻϹֽٰϳ֣ļҳǽ˵һ仰ǡܸܲѧѧ
£ԵܺòŹ֣۸Ϊи
ȻҲ̫ЩԽԽˣڹϵõĳú͸磬ҲһСʯͷ
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ޱҭ£ʣСʯͷҲͬ浽һ𣬸ôأ
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ޱ뷨Сʯͷ棬ΪǱͬ˳ܶ࣬Ϊһ׸磬һһ𳤴һϵĵһС飬ǵɡ
ʶһޱúܼ֡
ȻҲԼǴͬ統ޱ֪֪ʱ˵ñŶȻظޱ𰸡
˵˱ʵСӵ԰ڣʵñж౿˭档
˵ͬ˱ʵǾ̫ˡ
Ȼڰ༶˽ûϰⲢദǨͱˡͬѧǶӡ󶼺ܺãһȥСʯͷʶ˲ѣȴȻֻӡ
ޱ֪ԭ׶ѧ࣬ԭô̫Сˣǳ죬ĲҲ뼯
𰴲Ͱϵ꼶֮ٸ˵Ը
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ں̸󣬷̸£ʱѧѾ룬ҹ껹֪ʲôǾûڣѧ
Ȼͬ亢ɣиúСʯͷţҲԸ֮ϷģǱദҲǢ

ʮһҿϯΪҪкͣޱֿܷͺһΪСȸһ
Сﲻ̫ģ̵ܹƿ
ޱúֺЦһ𲻺𣿡
߼˵ûкһ档
Цˣ㻹ñȥһɣСһίġ
Ļ۾ؿޱĿڴ
ޱ
գڱСѵǿҪ£ޱǰ͵ߣֵԼԣǵøЮˡ
ȻһڴӦϯޱȫģʱʱҪһһۡ
ޱϯҲչģ˿޵Ǽϴ϶涮¡
ͷչСǳе£ҿ䣬öϡ档
Ҳоȵģ˻˵ƽʱŲŵչͦô¡
ԣϸسȥȻ׷׸͡
ӣҪ˵˭ϲǿ϶е̫Ĭˡ
Ҫ˭ԼĺӣǾ˻ѡԭ򲻽Ϊɼ죬Ϊؿɿ
ֵ֮Ҳչ࣬ټԣ͸ŵˣǻչ˵ġ
ʵҵԤϡ
ҵĿ޺Զǰ䣬ŵͦţ룺
ǵȻϴ
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129 ׼
챴¾ʱ, ЩսѾ˵ҪΪһЩûɡ
ܽҪְȥǣȻ, һһ˳սһܹݵģ
ܿУεʣô˹һ˼𣿡
һȺ˶ǺƤ治ɫ˵Ȼ˼
ֱܽ, ֱӸϾƣٷϻ, ȣ
ѣ
ܶƱ˵ⱭҾ, ףպ󶼷޺, ؼҰ͵߿, ŸʲôһȰ
Ⱦƺȣ
˶Ʊ, ͷɵľƣշ¾Ʊܾ־˵ƵľƱ˵ⱭһҪ, ףպ󲽲ǰԶ󡣡
ܶףƴ˵, һô, £
Ɑƺ꣬ҾĥˣĲٵ̱, ֱӶƱҪܸɡ
¶ź׼پһء
֮һ˺꣬еڶ, ܼҲҵᾴҡ
Ȼ, Ҳûֵ, ϯûһ롣ûļҲˣſΧǽ£·ŤŤһͺȴˡ
ޱ˺ⳡЩͷˣôȳ
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ʵЦǺǵܲҪְûסͺȶˣû£ȾѾͺˡ
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аɣҲܱ׼ˡ
ֻǺ̫࣬еϲŶ˾䡣
ϯûɢЩסڼģޱֱӰû˰æͻȥЩûϱûģޱ˰ǰᵽ˿ɳʹԴţͻԡ
˰ٺúޱӣȥ¥棬˳㿴źļˣ˶û֪
һֱģζ̫ˣš˵Ҫ˸㹤ʣ͡ǿӦˡ
ӦСľͺðˣǶԸŸߣǻһСʯͷ
źúˣϯҲɢˣޱ¥Ϳ͡
˳ˣȴû뿪ޱ쵽˺裬ϴ˵ˮк죬ʣµʰ֮ǰ˵˵ġ
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΢ֵŮʣǸɫµģǲǹҴӵģ
ܱЩӣϷΪ࣬ԴΪҵӣֵΪũҵӡͳڴȻũҵӣͬһӡ
ˣЩŮ˲ʶʣҴӵ˭ôԾƣ
˺ܱߴӲȫûʾshigG٤ӦվۻȽ϶ĵλв˵£ҲܱߴйܱߴҲὫ͵Сѧ顣
ܵ˵࣬Ǻܱ߸ӵˣƽʱҲҪǸԱֻǱ׶֮࣬žƵЩ
סŵ˶ɩû׹ϵ֮Ȼû߶ĻᣬЩŮ˲Żôʡ
ЩŮ˵ҴӲǰ˸ֳ𣿾ģ¿ɴˡ
ЩŮզࣺ˵ǴӵֳģɴˣרŸӹӦѼģģ
ޱҲѯʳʲô¶ֻ֪Ϊæһ²һΡ
ĳ仯ɲС޵뿪ܼʱüչˣ˵̸ࡣ
˵òᵽֳͷΪҴֳļѼרӵģʵϲˡ
ȻΪģ󣬹Ӧô༦ͼ⣬ΧӰֳĲ٣ﻹֳǹӦλ
ȻܽǾ٣㲻ϸߣⷽЩܼɹˣԼȥ̸
ųļѼµļѼȷȡһʲɹҴֳ뼷Ӧλɲס
ӵĶֳֳֻչڹģģǼѼĶμӹۡ
Ȼֻģǳ㱨ĳϣ˵ñȽϼԣֻ˵ֳģҪƻйһʱܻæ
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û뵽Լᱻ߻飬ȻСô˵ҲܶһŮǿˣΪߺ󷽷˵ڻᣬץʱ䱼ҵҵٿЩ¡
˲̫ͬĹ۵㣬ȰΪźңʹѡխˣҵҲͦãҪɹ
ԭгûн飬˭˻飬Щޱ֪Ժҵжɹ˵ȻʱңǾͱȰˣֻҪҵúãԺҲ˵ԺҸС⡣
ʲôС⣿ʡ
ޱ˵Сĺó˧ͻСкӣʮͷá
˵ҿҰɡ
ҵ룬ҲѾ𣿡ޱЦ˵лᡣ
Ц⻰Ҹ˵
ޱ룺ҡ
˸Ц֮ûٴ߳顣
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֪ޱһ뿪ǺмĻᣬû˵ĻֻЦǺڡ
ڡ
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ûʲô֪ǼҪˣ˵˼Ļ
ޱ˵⣬˶ĬʵЩȥȥǶѾϰ
ֻ֮ǰ뿪˸ǹϵûôãֱʱҲûô˸Уޱ뵽Ժ󻹲֪ܼܲ棬˲̾˿
ҵ̾ޱҲЩ˸Уһֱȥ˵ˣģҶҪΪԼ뿪ݵûˡ
˸еﱯ˾ɢȥûʣôԼģ
Ҳѹȥˣ׷׸ͣǾǡ
Ȼ˻ڣǾͱڳ⸱ˣȥģԺٿʱأݵֲԶ촬͵ˣ˵˾ǣޱչδЦʱҳסǵģǿɱҷ
˵û£ʱǼסֻˡ
ЦǰǼＷ϶ס¡Լˡ
˵ûǼ˿١Լˡ
һ᣺ⷽ㡣ûûֻõָ

ޱˣӽѾˡ

ѧޱʼʰǵʱߣֱӵǻؾۣ㷽㡣
ޱûһֻ·ֱЩСȻҲܰѼȫȥҪ˵Ķ١
ر֮ǰ˯Ĵ¹ͺΰʡõĶǺľϣҲټۼֲѡ
ǽ죬ޱﳣҾߡ
л˵
һ


130 
ޱæʰʱ, ˼׮£йء
׮¼У׮߿й, һ׮ĵǿϵľɩοϵĹ߸ˣĸ˰ѧ磬ɩûѧеһ
֪ͨ鶼յô, ôޱɻʡ
ָ߿֪ͨ, ﳣз, ʱһ, ʱһ, ֪ͨ´ʱһ
Сѧʦ, ɷǱǻֵģ˵ֵ׵ʱ˶˵ȥ֤ˡûɵʦɷı, ʦûϣĻֹһ, ߶û, ʱ˼߿ͷ
ǶʱҲз֣߿ɩԣΪֵˡһɩ״ͷ, һɩˣͳһ׮¼ǡ
֪ͨ´Ҳз, ֮ǰֵ񷴶ûϢ, ߵⲽȴ֮ǰûֹġ
Ҳȫû, ûѧɩʵ϶ɷ֧ȥϴѧġ
Ϣͨ˵ôû֣ʵǻֹһˣʱ˵϶ϣǹʲôﲻޣ͸˴˸ģ˵ҪûϣӴԺ߿Ҫǿˣȥѧ˹治ܿϣʹӦˡ
Ȼأ
ȻͿ˰˼˵Ϊ֮ǰĶģյ֪ͨûǿҷԣ϶ǲԸģǶѧ磬ǼôһϢûУۿϱҪȥѧˣ̲ס¡
ޱܿˣ˵ҪǲԸ⣬ͱshigG٤ģַڣʲôˣ
ͬȷˡ
̾ŮѰ˵Щɩ˭Ǹɷط־ӺüģôŮܵȣ˾͵Ȳˣ
˽¡
Ϊ߿׮¼˵ʲôĶУŮ֧ߡʣµһ׮¼۾һߵˡ
׮¼ǸԷ塣
ԴԼҰᵽǱߣޱˣżˣҲкҴҴ
ڹӪҲûٳʲô۶ӣʱһһΪתˣʵ֤ɽ׸ģơ
ԡ߶¼ԴǰԷѵʱ˽ţΪǹѣȻأԷ廹ҽԺס˰£õò˲ŻؼҾ
ΪҽԺҽԱԹ̶ԷסԺڼ䣬һֱͬһʿչ
ʵûʲôҲһʿһ겻֪Ҫչ˶ٲˡԡ߶һֱ̫ã˻ʿƯɹԷסԺڼ䣬ʿ
Էøв˵˻ʿûϵ˵ҽԺֱͲ㣬סĹǿƲܹʿ𣬻ʿ֮仹е࣬Ļʿֲ˵뻻ܻģûӦ
ΪᣬסԺڼ˳˺üܣɴǰԺ
ԺԷ͸˻ʿûʲôˣȥҩҲǲʿƺѾ˽ᡣ
ֱڼԷźӻиȥ棬·ʿܹʶͻк˼䡣
ҲûʲôȴûʿЦ̫ãдžٱ˻ʿ˵빴Լɷ
յٱźҽԺ쵼ͽʿйȥʿȻϴʷϣģ¾ִˡ
ִ󣬲̽ʲôûԷסԺʱﻹˣûκβϵԷԺΨһһνǸһΡ
ˮʯ󣬸Ϊ޹ʾٱͨǹԷȻ޹ǣҲ˹Ͼְᡣ
ȻҵĻʿȻ֤ףȴ˶Իʿʧȥ˼֣ѡְ뿪ҽԺ
ˣ˵ԷҪ͸飬ﲻŮֳƿ졣
ΪϼҽĻ飬֤ҲҪȥԷ˼٣ؼȥˡ
ޱʣô״Ӧ飿
⻹ףǰ;ûˣ𾪡
ޱҲǣҾǾչ̫ˣȻ£Ϊôʹͬ顣
Ȼûô򵥣ѹ˵˵Է˵ˣ󻹰¸ѣҴӦ˲Ȣ
ΪԷסǰķӣھϤõ˵һϢ
ޱüͷ΢壺ûʲô𣿡
ɴˣ֤ǲɵˣԺٷʲô۲Է壬ͣޱĿ˵밡ֻǿͷЭ飬ʱ֤һ죬ѸȢȢԷ˵𣿡
ô˵ǱԷƭˣЩ¡ޱ治ͬûж˵ʲô

ڼΪ׮¼æʱޱ½˼ĴҾߡ
ΪϻҪ˯ԴֻǱ˳ȥǳŻᡣ
¹ܡȼҾ߶Ѿ˰ˣֻʣ´װƤ
ԱպӶǼʵС
ãϾСֻ֪Ҫطס¼ûʲôҲûԺܼܲڵС顣
ЩѹǿˣѾ֪ܶ£뿪ٻ
ȽǣѹҲǺۿһ棬뵽ԺҲôС飬̲ס
ޱŰ£Ϳ۾˻˽
ޱΪ۸ˣæοֱҭ˵ң֪Ϊʲôޡ
ޱʣôͻȻˣ
˼ǾͻȥԶԶĵطԺͻزڵļˣҲҲСʯͷǡ߿ޱ̧ͷ˵ǿɲԲң
Ҳңǰְֱȥ˱ĵطҲҪȥѧҵĻְ־û취Ҳϲѧˡ
ޱĻĿֹסСʣְֲ費ѧĻô
ְֲĻǼҾͻûǮûǮ˳ԵģǶҪ費ȥѧĻޱ˵ԺӦûźѹְֲĻҲҲѹġ
ͷ˼˵ﲻûǮҲðְѹ
ޱͷ˵֪᲻ڵļң룬ʲôɵģ
ӣаְܵãȷʡ
ǺߣɵģˣŻзӣмҾߣҾܱģҲܻһףֻҪ˻ڣҾͻڡ
ƶǶ˵µطǻмң
ǰµطǻмҡ
ޱ϶ͷ˵С飬ڳɳĹУҪ𣬸տʼǱֵ˲ͬ༶Ȼ˲ͬĳСУȥ˲ͬеĴѧֻֿܻǷֿһЩ᲻ǣԳںúø𡣡
ʣԺô죿
ԸдţʼģԺлĻҲ̽ÿ𣿡
ǿԡ
кöֶʶÿοͼдĶ÷ʱҪôдŰ

л˵



131 
ޱĻ, ҪúøСǸ
Լߣ͸С, ϣԺߵʱ뵽
͸СʯͷǰְľͷҲУõһ
ֹĻ𴩵СǸ𣿡
ֱ׳˵ǰְҵŲˣϲ, ϲ, ͸᲻õġ
Ŷðɡ
͸Сʯͷʲô
Ҫ𣿡ûҪҪ, ɡ
˵ȻСʯͷǳҺ֮, õ, Ҫ, 㶼úø𣿶ҶҪˣôԲͣ
ǿҪֻøı⣺Ǻð, ʲô
Ժ, ͻ뵽˵, Լʵ̫ˣ
ȻΪǿҪմ˸ƴͼСʯͷ
ʹŵܵȥСǸˡ
ҾshigG٤Ĵ˶֪ڼҪߵ, ֪µȴ࣬ǵȥԼϾҪ˺, СǶ޵ϡﻩ
Ϊϴ, ȻҪο, ĳ˵ȻԺǺѼ棬ҪģֻҪϧڣúø͹ˡ
ޱЩʱԼһͷˮ񽲸߰СƨҲƶǶ
кɵϴõĺöࡣҲкֻˡǼ桱ĸ֣ʱ޵øˣͷ󣬸Ͻ˵Ѽ棬ԺˣҲԸдţԺҲǵġ
кֹסᣬҲкӸһɡҲдô죿
Լ뵽İ취ǣҪúѧϰǳɼԽãʶ־ͻԽ࣬ҵܵܣдóóأ
˵ͼ֡
СǻȻֻ࣡˵ĳݡ
ҲܳݵܵܣдֵģÿοҪĿͼдģҪ
ʱ˿̣ĳѹϴ󣬺ҪӵģȻСǷܷд
˵԰ʶöö֣ܸдóóˣԺҪģǿҪͰ
С̬ȻΪ֣һСѧϰϻȵģҪúѧϰȡܸдŵģһʹԼѧģѡƽܷ񳤴棬զզذɡ

Ϊޱ˵ϾҪˣС˵Ҳߡ
СڶУ;ҪˣȻ֪ԺͨţԿ޵ϡﻩ
ڶ죬ǲ𣬻һ죬ϷֱʱС̲סˣʣʲôʱߣ
ش˵ϰ
С˲ᣬ϶ˡ
죬죬Ƕֱʱ򣬴Ѿʲôʱˡ
ϣҪþòŵء
ȻϣԣͿǽͷλڵһ
Ŀɿڴ
ҲӴԳ²Ҫˡ
ʲôѽڸ۾ʡ
ҪˡΪ˯С˵
ȻͽҪҵ£һЩѹãȻʣھҪô죿
˵˺þˡǵ˵
ܸᶫſڣ߹ʣվʲô
ְҪ𣿡ͷʡ
ܵͷţĴְкܶණҪʰûôʱǣǼǵñܡ
ʱͱͨǴӦģֻб֪
Ҳ֪ˡ
ͷ˵ְֺҪѴߣȽ϶ܸ࣬ܵһȥˢϴ𣿡
Ƶ͵ܵһǣõ¥
Ϊȶ̣¥Ҫһһ£ߵú¥º󣬱־ˣ衣
Ůޱӳ߳ס˽Ůʣʲôʱģ
ոգش꣬״յޱߣص˵裬ҸŶǼҪˣ
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ĸŮ꣬ޱŮԡˢϴС̫ˢЩ»Ҫĸİ

ӳ绹ʱ䣬ޱһҪߵĶ
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ʣµĶֻҪסеļҾߣھҪģޱˡ
ҲûʲôãִߣŰⷿӻ֪ʲôʱססԸԸҪЩ佫ڷõͱ顣
æʮ࣬ʰˣޱܴȥҵһӳԷ
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緹ǵģҲŸ°࣬ûôʱ䣬ǷӹӪġ
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˵Ǿͺã©Ҳû£ʱҴ绰ʰ˸ǼĹȥ
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ܽҵȻУ
ͷһ˰˵ʱܽͲüˣֱţһ˳㳰ֻһܣô㣬ва
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𣺡

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