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򴩳ɵù̫ӡ
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̾һƺҪĲƽ̾ӡеĳһֱˬȻƽ̵ޣ⾰
ǰźС̫඼֧ˣһˮУĿɼһƬĺ棬кͦѱ괵öᣬϸĵĻܿм俨һյ֪ʱµĻƣԭúõظںϣһ󼲷ιССɻ̼㱻Ʒһ㣬һۼҲ
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ҲΪģԲŸ˵Щ
調Ա߹ڵɪɪСֱ̫ҡͷǽܲ⶯͹ĹأǲҪŵģķԱ߾͸ķˡ
䣬㲻ٶŰ˱ֻͬ誵ǵɺЩˣʥϲŽ˴˻˵޹еء
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ڱƻءӲŲʮ꣬ôͳףǲɣ
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Ҳԣ÷һ͸ˡǼҵТ˳ֻǵʥӣò
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ԭͷĹ̫ӾܾȢޣϻʵۡϻʵ֮ǰһʥּһ̫ϻʵۼݱ֮Ĺ̫ΣҡһΪĹ»ʡ£ҲֻµĻʵۣΪһ֮ȢĻʺ㹴⳼ͼı׼ܿգ˶ҩ誡ùûеȵһգٳƳһգһ
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Ավ߰˳ߣѮı䣬һλĿǰεˡԭй֮գλϽѳһȥˡĻʶ֪֮ǰչ˺̫ӡԾԲסȻʣҲĹգԲŵ˵ôһ֡
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Ȿ飬ոɷӡĿǰСŶӭղۡ


2 
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ῴһĺ£ȷŰɡԺлᴩġ


3 ¶
̫Ҫҡ
ǰУųѾȺگ
گܳĻѵ֪Լӣǰ׼گĻһҲûʲôҲûܹʲôΪһ֮ȴشʧȥĸʧȥޣֶһ˽
Ҳһݶһ޶ļҵι֮Ҳû취֮㡣Ĺ̯ӣ᲻ýϣֲòϡΨһܸģǿ˽⣬ЩһЩͣƴ誡
ЩĻԼݱ˶̫ĸ飬گҪɥһдӼ򣬲Ʒѣ޲Űգʮռơ
һƬ֮ģһگмˡ
ñͷһᣬֱӵȻĻûʲô飬ԭ̫С̳ԭ̫ӵļ䣬ⲻΪĻʿһңֹͦһˣΪĻȥһʱ־е鲻ƿˡ
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ʵܱңû޿ɾҩĵز

ΪԼСܶءȰ£ٳҲ١
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Ѿҹֿ飬˴˼仰䣬ʵ۵òУϴ裬ͷ˯
ڶ۾һֿ͵ˡ
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ͷҪǱȵ컹ѣѵôһϣҪݡ
ȴԸƭǣֱ˵ʯһΪͷһǮʥϲ
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䣬ۺݺݵһ¡
Ǵ˵еƣ֣⽨Ҫá


8 
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ĥҪҪŰֽͰ𣿲˱ȻûиʵĻᣬֱӾͰϢ˳
ʥϣ²ˣͷ˶ضᵽͷˣ˵
˵˵һ룬Ҫʣ֪ûòʣ˵ʲô
˱ͷСȴ޷ˣ˵²λΪ
ǡЦˡ
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Ҳˣ԰Ϊ׵ǻ˷ѾĻҪܷų۵Ҳ֮СǸִˣȻ֪޹أǹŴȨ죬һʲô˻λ߱㲻ɱܵɡͺñŸռλʲô鶼û˼һñӿֻܱܡ
о͸ˡ
誱ڵ֮ܣȴֲľôǵ֡
ƤеģŰƵļʣǻ˵Щʲôһ˵
˱Сˣǻ˵ʥϲͨ䣬ʵĹ˵˵ΨµۣƽϢŭ
ޣ֪ܣŭˣֻҲ˼ųֱ˾֮ģ·˽֪
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ֱһģһֲһԶء
ҲԸôóѣټλ󳼡
һ˼ƶ̣˼ƳһӦ֮ߡЩ񻹳ų͢ĻأܲС¶ǡûõĻʲô
Ȼû취Լһ⽨ӽǵУǰԼϰĻһоͺˡ
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ֱӳ˾ǣϰģ͸Ӳһ㣡
Ҳ˵ǱѾ𼱻ǵˣ΢ĳҲյϢ
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úõģôˣ氲ίȴֱʲôֻ˵ֶŮҲ֪ôġ
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ҲΪˣ̫ĸԸȻʰ¶ȻûˣµôԸǻˣ̫Ȼʵ飬Ҳܻ򻤡
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˶ΪһһǴǰǸͿԲ󿴵νĿƿ
뿮֮͸ˣʥּȥָҪ˵ж෴Ҳڡ
峯õĿƿɸ߹پټɲμӣʥּ˵¶˽ԿɲμӿƿҴ壬˭ͷвأʶֵĶǹ壬ܹһȺӱģҲһǹеĹ塣
˵ǾпƿҲѡƶȣ˼ɿˣһԵٵķӣֶΪأ
調һôĸЦˣµΪֹл顣Ҫ֣ǰ
˻һ˾һ㶡
̽ʣʥϣ½΢ˣ
誹ҡҡͷˣǰȥưɣЩ˴úõֽ⳯пɲÿ˶㣬һġ
뿮֮Ц˭أбµ˵
ɨһۣ˭ҾͲˣǰɷˣ
뿮֮


9 
ǰȥ֡
λ˳֮ɫѾװˡ
뿮֮һӵĻֲڹͷһ·϶Ʋ֡
䳯˺üۣԽԽʹ졣
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һ͢˵ŷ뿮֮ĻҪʥˣ˸ϳ͢ͺˡ
Ҳ̫ˣе鶼ǣһȫǽߣЩ˾͸ˡ
߾ˡ
˭ȱأ
ˡ
Ҵֻô࣬Щûˣ˴֮Ĺϵɴ۸ӣǣ㡣ҲΪˣǲŻͬͬˡϾϵնϣǴĶͬһ档ĹľҲãŵȻҲգЩҵĴ඼һֻ۱һֻۣԸƽϡû˷飬Ǯ顢顭һʥĲҵˡ
ǣĶˣͷдµĶӵܣһѡƶȸı䣬᲻˷ԣ⻹һ˵ܲѡ²ż汸һ˵ˡ죬ƾٱֶ͢Ŀһµĸоǿϧվǲܶһλ»ʱ̫ߵڴȻ뷨ڻǶҲ˷ˡ
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͢ʧЦȴҲû뿮֮˵ʲô
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Ҳǣ뿮֮ôһ룬ȻͲˣΪһ岻ֵá
Ը˭þ͸˭ãΪϡɣ
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ַ뿮ֻ֮һȨ֮ߣʵû뵽ÿƾȡˡ
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ҲΪˣةŻһֱơЩǮ󶼵ñ类СջǮԼҲãΪȥҲգܹ黹ǸԼһ·
֮ǮȻʹĥȴҲݡ
лȼ˸ԵңҹѾˡ
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ѾѾ֪ʲôıˣ߬ģãܹǰµЦЦ˵ĻûзԸҲ̫չ˺õġ
Ҿͷˡ誸õļ򣬡ദĻ治һˡ̫ҲãҲڵʱҲ࿴㡣
ῴ˿Լϵ֣͡
ȰһоͿԽˡ
˵ǡ
װ̾磬Щӽ̾˼п˵һ䣺ᣬã̫Ҳǿԣסźأ໥Ӧ
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˳һ֮ˬ˹
˴γнǧһһ䣬һǺġ
ڸƨɺͷķ뿮֮ʱġ
ųҪ誶ϡҪ
ڻʳͷ֮ɨһԼЩֵƿӣ
Ȼϣֻ˵Լͺá
뿮֮˵˻ͦװ㹻̹ϣѹԸ
ҪСʵ룬϶᲻ǰȥһ˭Ըѽ
ⷬͬ·;ңԶ
ۣϰˡ
ˣ˵Щ׻ʲôǸ˶ۣϽЪŰɣĪʱ
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СʵֻۣŰɣȵĴе޵ʱ
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л˵
Ҿϵҽ϶ҪӰˡ
֮Ȼ


10 ̰
һ̰١
ܿע⵽ʥƺõó棬棺˴ǰȥֶѣʥô˸ˣ
誺֪طԼƺţǸϽһЩȻʵûнճЦ⸱ģʵЩʡ課òԼҲֻǾãصضõûѸݣûйʵڴ
ҲǸúŪģ˵ʥТ˳⻹ȻʣȻҲϢˡ
ֻкͷֹʥϸѵΪղ˷ô
͢ûǮһдӼ򣬾Ƿ뿮֮ƥԼӼͷģķ飬ҪƥΪҹˡ
ٰ˵˵ԶҲԶ
·ûôͣ˵ĶЩ·;еܲסһֻſ㣬Գš
һ·ֻĹһ˱㵽˽
Ĺƫһ磬ְƳγ֮䡣ӣλҪһϽԪءءءˮغأĹǸ֮ˡֻǵִｭغ󣬽֪ԱߵȺʱˡ
УضʱΪǿңַ˼ֵ඼ѾƻĲˡԭӦǼΪֵģʽ漷һо񵹵ĵеɴԭأҲЩҡҡ׹ȵӣסȥˣ˯ֻҲᵨսľ
調һ۱֪Щֻ¶Ҫ¸ˡ
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誵ͷʵЩֵİסģ
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Ҳųˣֻűϵշ£մӦֵ֪ںδɣٴǰȥ
ų˻ͷת򣬲֪ĸߣշȴ˵ֱǰͷ·
һЩôﻹһ¶ġ
շֱȥһխڴųӡ
ǽõĽӼôŹٷСʩࡣ
˾һϡһܼףŶӵȴ
ضŲյĹ򣬾żգҲڶƼݣЩŶȴʬһϣ
ЩСڶ棬ƿȥò
ܲסģʩԵڴ֪¶˶ϯЩҹ˯⴦ڷ絲ĵطûС
˵ʲô԰԰ķжأ޼ҿɹˡ
Ŵ˿֣
ųƿԡ
誷ԸͷʿȥЩ
ʿǰȥ
ʱ˱ˡһ࣬һͷ
뿮֮Ҫų˵ûŴˣôиͷ
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涼ǿĵģõѾˣ֪ǳ˶ʳ
뿮֮ľȻȻǡ
ЦЦƽʳ
ųͷ̧Դ˵ģͷһ
ˣԶةˣҲΨܾ
Ϊ飬ۼΪʵֻ誸
ʱ誻ŭδûֲУ֪⽭񵽵ʲôģһ·Խŭ
ȵãŲġְաܹлعٸЦˡ
ûмȥʩ㣬ôһϷҪݸİɣ
誸оԼ̶ˡ۸۸ֵûأ
ǾúüʶʶʲôС֮ŭ
յã誱ֱ佫ų¡
뿮ֳ֮ճӲͷƤ˵һ䣺ʥϣҲõĶȥ˵Ҳûкʵ֪أһĻΣ
飺Ρ
뿮֮Ҳˣ˵һӻͷ֪ش඼ˣ޹޹ʥܲܰǶץɣ
طʣˣǶԵ𣿡
뿮֮ס
л˵
誣ȻڹΨΨŵŵһҪȭ


11 
˵ɱ
뿮֮˳õ˼С
ʮ꣬뿮֮û˼ַѽ⡣һǸة࣬Ӳ۶Դ
ԣǶǴأ
ųһֱʹɫҪ顣棬ΨһпܸľǷ뿮֮ˡɵҲֻ׸Ϲӿæһ
뿮֮ûմ
ų˲ôڣ˻Ǳסˡ
֪صλʱҲ¶仹Ǻģ뿮֮ݶһ֪صְ
ץˣҲƿ׼ȷ˵ǱʿƿȻͷų˵ľɲھԵʵǰǵķίʵеЦˡ
ų˶ûзأοأң誻ʮĻطų˵֪ر߾֮˭Щӱֵúˣû׼֪صλþ͵ˡ
£þСһ𣬱㳹׽Щ˸ų˰˶档֪ջ˭Ҫ
һ˶ͣˣⲻ÷뿮֮ϸ˼֣ΪԼԽ͸ˡ
ųȻץסˣȴûж誻Űøһ㣬֤ȷĻǵһλ޻˵ˡ
¶ͦãһ誵⣬ֻǺܿ캫ı㷢֡뿮֮ЩԾ
ȻҲ÷뿮֮¶Ϳ˲벢ûк˽˹ϵҲ˵ϼ仰겻ģıһ䣺һϾôˣɫ㱵ġ
뿮֮գ˼˵ԼǱСʵ۸סˡ
췢һжһгϡڷ뿮֮һֱ֮ͷʲô뿮֮ںΪǳ֮Ǿ⼸Ľ۲죬뿮֮ͻȻ֣ô򵥣ͺñȽ£Сʵۻе뷨ģģԼͱǾ䡰ˣһǶԵġŵ
ΪǰһֱǶԵģˣҲôģΪʲôԣ
ǽصʱȷʵҡڽʵʱ򣬷뿮֮Ȼʼ˼ǰǲˡҲã˳ƶΪҲգǶԵ
뿮֮벻ͨҲ˵ͬøһ䣺á»Ǹʲôˣ
⻰ʵġϸĿһܣȷûб˲ŷĵ˵ǰҲۣǹ׾ˣС
ǰɣ뿮֮һѴȣɫ
ҵ֪ҲôΪģ
ɷ뿮֮һ²⣺лʵûбã׾˭أ
Ҳ벻ͨ
뿮֮ͻȻһˣضǲ׾ǿģ
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ضˣ뿮֮ŲɣҰԸԲһǰ׾Ϊ˺Ūة࣬ΪǷ¾ģܰȵصǻװˣҪҽôة࣡ʳл˭ûСʵ˾裬ǱȻֻةѽ
ȻСʵۻأ
ļԽԽЦЦö˵ˣôôɡ
̫ԼҲǸë
뿮֮Լ˵ԼӴ֮϶һظĪɫʣ˿͸Ѿʼν˾޵ˡ
գɴλշȥתһȦû˰¶ųˣл˳Ҳʶ˴˴εĺ
ص˲ˣΪҽݵҩĲԲŵҲˡųĸٲԸɥ֮£øЩ˰ɥ¼ȷǮҲеһСɮһ»ĺô󲻹ֱܲӰЩʬһѻȫˡ
鴥ŭ
Ŵºųĵһ㣬誶߽ԣ˵Ҫϳųˡ
ȴãһһ¡˵һ乫ųʵлĳ˵ʧΪһ÷ӣʡ·㣬Ҫǡ󽵵߷Ŀܡ
뿮֮ʣôǣߣ
࿴ʷ֪֮顣һ˵˹࣬ˮԴܵӰ죬㼫пܻ֣ľߡŰ£ҪǾˡһѻˣǲһ㣬ȴԴͷֱӶžܡ
ĻȻ򣺡ôһ˵ȷд¡
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乢ֱڷôʲô
ôɴȥˡ誱֣ǰض֮󣬲ȥʬҪ𻯣ЩյļݼҰҲû𻯡ֻЩݶ⣬ϰձȻ᲻ãѾȥˣǾ͸˵ˣҪĸԸػǿ϶ǲܵġɲҲУ֡ĺ¶ųɣһô
϶ǲģˡų
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жı뱯԰Ҳѹ¶ԺͷӲֱų̰Ĳլӳ䵱԰Щ֮ÿЩЬӻȡǮƼշѡ
ԵмۣΪԴЩ˴ڱ԰ͷʮְݣ
ʳǳƽֵʳûǮЬ׬Ǯ誳Ǯ㹻½ӵľˡ
һ£ӴҪ£Щÿȥʱݵ˯ǲԵģҲûʲôɻĵطշֵ˷ӣ¿ʼˡ
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ҪȥٻأЩɣǱ߾ȥǶ
ҲԶҲ˵Ǳ߾ȻˣܸҪһĹ߾رΡ
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л˵
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12 
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ٻزԶһ˼ۣһչ͵ˡ
課ԭ̫ӵǻᣬд󳼽֪ѣҲԣİõ
óٻؾ͵ˡ
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㱼䣬Ѿˡ
ٻλ֮ҪĿõ¡誹ʱ⣬δ֪κˡ֮ȴɢ
־У課֪ԭפڴ˵صĽвپģҲͽˡ
ԼһϸҪЩٻ֮ÿղʿڼӿٻͷʿһֱԡ誹ʱⲻǽʿʿûһ˿һɢ
֪»ˣλ˶ٽټǰ
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˵䣬ܹһЩʿ֮⣬áԵľѹ֮£仹ǵģ뵽İ취
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˶˵ϲ½ģÿһ˰ءе飬Եһʱȼ̣֪ڡ
м仹ͷС̡еоؽ޻أ
뿮ֹ֮ĵǻͦȫġ
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þͺ˹ûةӣ課˵ʲôһȥ󷽱¡
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⻹û֮ǰЩ»ҪһһССһų˲٣Ⲣܹ˾ǴˣܸҪܳͷģܻΪһ̸
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޷½Ĳ£԰潻ĸշ£誶òı԰ЩЬҪôĶΪЩòģֻҪھˣģ˽ʾ֭á
ߵ̫ܸˣܹĵһͷС
˭Ҳû誻ᵷЩΪԭ̫ӱôҵˡ
뿮֮ҪһǾЩʲôп̽գÿմͷ˽󣬻Щɫķĩ֪ʲôЩСʵÿ춼ԺͷԺӻôʱʱ죬˵
һʱ˵ǴԺը˺üӣɼǲ֪֮
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ңĹʿд˵γոأ
誼ɫϵⶫʱҪܣ֪ܽ
ʥһٶʮĺˣ˴ٿĹڱǣ©˷
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뿮֮Ҫһգʵûסȥǽǣʮֲɵظպһ죬뿮֮Ҷûбʧϡ
һֱ֮Ĳ¸ˡ
뿮֮һˣ޲һطԼȥҡҲ⿴ˡ
ߵĳЦһ㿴˭أ
Է뿮֮ûʲôɫ
뿮֮һֻܻߡ
뿪ʱΪҲ֪͵͵ĸʲôȻһ
ڻ绽ķἫˣӹ췿ӣĸշ¹ܱ԰ų˶Żһ£ͶҸˡʲô£
ԽԽȥ֮뿮ֱ֮дһŻؾǰɣҪةܣ


13 ˮ
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һŹȥ֮󣬷뿮֮Щġ
һ㣬誺ܿͷˣ˵ı۲úϸһ΢Сı䷨Ӳķۡ뿮֮ϼһƽǶǱӲǱӣ۾۾ȴĿ㣬˵϶˶Բס飡
Ҫ˵뿮֮ˣ調Ǹ׼ĶУʲô飬һˮı׼Լ뿮֮ʲôҲ˿⣬ô
뿮֮㷲һգʼնһڳϷǹɵ˼㱻ŭѹȥˡ
ЩȻǲʣҾͲ뷨Ȳ飬ǰȥҲ֮е¡
誱չ֮󣬷뿮֪֮ĵʲô
𣬷뿮֮ͲôܼˡԷƺָȥһҪ£촺⣬Ψһοʱβͺ޲ö̡
뿮ַ֮ҿŵʲôʱ򡣡
ǸҪһߣҪ˼£һ˶õù׼µġ
뿮֮ûԼ¶Ҳٰˣ誣ʥǳҲЩʱˣٲȥͷˣ
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ô˵ڣ飬λةҲ
ôȥ
뿮֮˴֣ǴӦôҲǺ룬ֻû¶ô
ЦͷأҲû޺ã·Ҳûƽų˵İ㻹ڲ鲢ûв꣬ôûˣʵڲ¶ʵھģߡ
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һͨ˵뿮֮ð
Ҳһ֮˼ȥûߡҪô׵ˣȺС˿Ц
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Ĳȫ
֮⣬żңûܹסԼҵˣⱾżҵĴ׼誶ԴżҾʲô̬ȣةʥϱ϶վʥһߵġ
ų˵ļҲ
㲻֪課ʶԼƶΪһʵۣǮӶˣطϵһСС֪ȴܸһ
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Ӧð
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˵
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׼³ָӴ󲿶ӽˮڹɺأ׼һ֤һ뷨
Դˣӵշ¶˵ִֻУΪǣ뿮֮⿴Ц
˽»ԣ˭֪СˮˮҲֳСҰͷšʥϵߣ
⻰һȥ誵Ķٴʱζؿŷ뿮֮ԴЦˣˣֻϴɾӵŰɡ
ûнˣ϶Ȼֽѱݵ

뿮֮ڹŻҲ£˭˵أǣ
뿮֮Ǻ誵ЦǾǱߵȲסˣةһŹ״¾õ
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л˵
ɶ˵ĿԹҲ֪двС


14 ؾ
·ϼһС
Ϣһʲôֵص¶ûˡ
뿮֮Ĺ۲誣Сʵ˵Ϣ֮ƺˡ
ܲϾͬлʵۻͬ誵ĹϵʮССʵ۴ǰ˵ؾɶüЦģ
뿮֮뵽ǰЩةĲ²⡣ûðʲôԣةȴΪзġ˵ʲôĻʼݱ֮գžǰ췴֮ʱ˵Ļ˵ġ
⵽Ǽ٣뿮֮ȷϾǰ˵ӡһֱǰؼԽ׳ذ벽Ϊ仰뿮֮Ƕ԰Ҳ˾֮ˡСʵ˵Ҫ¶ɫòᡭҲǸةһɣ
뿮ֲ֮´󣬿ʼ𣺡ʥϣ˵˴λؾΪʲô
誰һۣúΪʲôȻΪҸʵ񡣡
ʱ䣬ڽȷʵĹˣǸûȥˡ
뿮֮Цˣǲǻһ
誷˸ۣȥǰ˵ȥʲô
ǲˡ
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誣һԿԧ죡


16 ˽
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ɫʣСⳡʵں˲롣ƽʵ̫ãǸ޷ӽϷ¶
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һ꣬˻üʵ廹ڴȴ˴ģо̵ˣǷͬ죬硣
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17 춯
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ⲻ͵ˣ˶ԣ˵Ը˵ֻͬ˵֤޿㣿
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18 £
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ŵϲ˱վڱ󣬼ֱ޷ֱһĻ
Ҫǽڸƿڴų뿮֮ǲ⻰
ѰһֵĲݣ뿮֮
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үǿˣСļˣСԷ뿮֮˰ݣΪУ˹үҲûƽη壬ݵʱҲǶȤӶࡣ
뿮֮˹άҲ󷽵شӶӳͭŰɣǸǮٸò衣
調һСģǲ͸͵ͭ
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ð˱ŵϲҲ£˱Щ޴룬ŵ־Ȼʸǰ棬ǰҲ󷽷ˡ
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뿮֮ŲмһоС۽Ҳֻôˡ
С˵꣬ˣǼҵĺҲҪ
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뿮֮ˣ֮ǰ˵ǸƾȡʿҪΪˣ
£µˣ볯٣
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ЩȨ󷴶ԣ
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˱ˣȫΪʲôϻȴôƽ͵ظ泩̸
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ߵȻǰ
ŵϲһϡƽģ課յˣָһյ
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ѵΪ˵ʿһ仰ͳ׷
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뿮֮ڱϿţֻСʵҪеƽ׽ࡣҲʱգܱһأ
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Щ뾭ѵĻˣƺҲĵ
ƵԼ뿮֮ΧҲɵӡ
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һڳйĶǣթˣЩ̻оС񣬷뿮֮Ĺ֮󣬾ȻҲò
誶ҲԸתתˡ
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ˣٿһЦһеĵȻأ
뿮֮һʱ˷Ӧʲô˼
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19 Ǯ
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˶̫һʱ侹ȻҪηӦ
誴˳Ĭŷ뿮֪֮ʣˣ㵱ҪһļҲƣ
뿮֮˵ԴǣǻһС΢ǽȫҲûʲôݣвĹᲽٲľأҪͷĻܼƽʲôСҡҪǼƽЩӼҹĳ벻ˣǻǸ𣿡
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ˣĲ䣬Ƿ뿮֮
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ˣųֹѾˡ֪һĻһ÷뿮֮ڻôı˵ͷһ˵ã
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һԾǮ͢ҲվҲ˵ҪҲںЩ֮ֵʱûɣΪ˾ѿ֧ȥҲһģֻҪٻزƣһжü
뿮֮һ͢һ˿ɶǼҵʵġʵͷ뿮֮һԭ̽ȥǮ³εľҲͳＯһˡҪ֪Ŷ˿ǳﻮ˺ö꣬ô꣬һһ˻֪Ǹ¶ҡ
ǣܻöͷЦеؿԼɣ¹˼أ
ԱƲĳ¹㵽֣ԼˣűضûǮǲҲóˣһҲʵ̫ˣ¹һҧԸһǧᣬԹ֮á
뿮֮Ц⣿
¹ʱͺˡ
뿮֮ԽԽ𾢶¹˵ҴôǹĳͳôǮǴ˳ʥϵĺͷûбɣУһҴ󷽣ҪóڹԴ
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ЦŵղŲ˵ټһǰǧϣɲһû˵ɣ
¹
誣ģ޵ѧһܺá
¹оؿڷ·ػһǧʳֵö໨öǮ
ȻѾԹԪˡ
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뿮֮Щ޳ܵسųة࣬ɱңôԭġ
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ųЩбһ仰ͽҿϵףСʵ˵ˣ
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ǡųԷ뿮֮ʧΪЩСû뵽ôͱ誳׺ƹȥˡ
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ʮ·ݣʳûãг۲ߡ뿮ֱ֮Ӹһϼƣ˻᲻ôǮ£ǰԵͼʳٰ׼ǡ
ȵЩ˲òʱ򣬱㷢ԼѾҪʳˡ
𻹵ΪѾֱȥծˡ
䲻òűӣԸ߼ʳ
˭Ҳû׬誡
ŶԷ뿮֮Ĺ˲٣ÿ˶㣬ֻҪö˵ط뿮ּ֮һһüĿ㡣
ص̴֮ںúúϼƺϼƳ͢еЩˣðǷںʵλϡ
պһо׼׵
ԣҪԴѺǰߡ
ǰһգ·ϼĹ˻ϡæ̫ôһɱˡ
УôԴιȥҪš
˻ǵòģʰ˱ɴ˹˻ϵˣ
˱ǰеŹ֣Ǵˡ
˵۾һȲ
˱һջ֪ʵ˴ǡة˽ӡ
л˵
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20 Ԯ׽棩
ҹҹϮ
ڰ˱ĿУسһϡ
ԭةҲзʱ˻ϱ͢ʱǳһ׮ծ
˻ϵĸ֮ˣ˻ҲֱȻʼȥ˹٣ԭԼһף׻Ĺةˡ
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͢Ӹ֮Уѡӡ֪˻ίȴûţ²ᡣ
а
ڶ糯ʱ͢Щ΢ˡ
͢⣬ΪԼĲã誣лҪԸ
誸Īֿһ£˻⣺Ҵȥٻأٰһ񻹵ةˡ
ة࡭
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͢ЩȣаתǧأȴҲδʲô
עһϵˣҲͬȻһһһǸųҲδ֪
ɢ˳ų͢һ̧ͷˡ
˼࿴ᡣ͢ɨһۣת뿪ˡ
뿮֮ں濴ţǰ˵һ䣺͢ĸˣ
˭֪أϸ˼⡣
ų⻰һЩˣ仰з뿮֮»Ϳ͢ΪģֻΪڴµĵһռƵġҪôôᵽڻǸ࣬һӱةѹأҲѰ˶ѣƫƫװװһ˵ģ
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ÿع誶˻ؾˡ
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ҲԼϹۣȻóС⣬΢
뿪֮񻹸֧һ䡣
νӲʹʲôıƣֻҪԿԧûǵǰԵʲô֪ѾôˣȴҪȥ
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ǼŮ£Ҫ
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ˣ̾һΪͷ԰ɣ壿
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ݲ¹˻ϣͲĳԪĶӣ
ڶʲôģϲˡ
֮ǰôһ誺⡣Ȼչа˱ڹﶢţһʲô¶ܵһʱԹϡ
̡
ڶһ磬誴ӹжֱ֮ʮʿƺƵǰȥٻ֧Ԯ
̼󣬳ʿҪǺʡ
ʳɶǾǰٹٽѪ򵽵ġ
ʳ˾ʳǮֽ誵ĿڴӮҾԼ
һУ課˷뿮֮ų˻ϡ
ųԭܼ򵥣Яѣ˻ǷԼƤӵ¿űȽϺáڹ˻ϣ誴뿴ǲһı
о·ҹ̣պһٻء
һٻأظоնˣǱңʱϿһ
ڴ˵أȺʱˡ
誼ͷһʣˣ
ɫ΢ǺܺãѾӪˣȥ̽ӷǽȫ䱸ϱɽǡ
л˵
ᣬһҾͰͷˣģ


21 
ӧǰȥ˵
뿮֮ѾҪˣ⻰֮صʲôֱӸǴˣǸ͵
⻰˵꣬Ӫͷѹûʲô˸Ӧġ
ųҲһЦҲܴ߳ʮǰʦǴѹƴͷҲܰǡ˵ƶҪս֮ȷ棿
ң뿮֮һҲУ
ˡ
ͱ죬ⶪۡųԾ䳰ȷ
ЩǺ誰ųԴսκϣҪҹҲαסԼСϷ뿮ֲ֮Ĵܺú˵Źء
Ҳ߳־Լ硣ս֮ǰʿǺҪģʿһɢľ͵ˣȻҲûˡ
ԸλȥϢɣЩʱ顣
˵꣬ų磬ͷҲؾ뿪Ƿ֮ء
˴ǳǽܿˮˣˮյųʵڲ붺
һߣ뿮֮һҲһ뿪ˡ
Ȼ뿮֮ȷʵܴӮⳡ̣ԸˡӲΣǽСʵԸĻǻһǶɡ
˶ƨˣ¹˻ϡ
֮ôߣ
˻ʵ߲߶νҲôԵʥϻûߣôߣ
ʣͲ˻ͻȻ
˻ϻصһ湥ʥϸǰضȫĵط
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22 
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ʱԽԽڡ֮ԴӦôɴ࣬Ϊԭͷ˻Ͽǻ˺ܾõģֱӷˡ
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ڼ뿮֮ʮֲϲعô˯ǲǵҹǵĻȫûбҪʱֱӼǵˡ
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Ĺٱˣɵһ֮ģĹûʲôˣҪôʹôһ
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Ȼҵȴ˷ǷǰѰԬ˧͵ġ
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Ԭսºպչͣò֪䡣ͷߣ°ų룬ڣ˵ʱ·һĨɷĳ࣬ȴиһȻ֮УΪìܡ
˻ϢʲôͬԬ˵ȷǸˣҰʿǸɶõĽ죬ͻ̫㣬þɵ
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ҲĹ˶ƴһսľģֻһͣëԼ˺ôĿŵü˧
ԬмСƴΣع˶ָ࣬ͷȡ
˻ϳ˳ǣ˧֪飬֪ƸۣؾʮŻӢűˮһս򺺾Ծʮսʤѱ棬浽޿˵ĵز֪˭ʤ˭Ҿ㵽أҲ֮ض˵սǰͶӮδ̫ϡ
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˧֪ûأпǸ㡣Ҳ˵Ĺ˲ű˵Ĺ»ʱǳܼǰЩű߾춯ĹʥϿʾٻءعţǺε׳٣ٻʿǣʿ޲սɳԱЧ͢ҹĹһģԬ˧ѹȥ
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23 ڧ
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˼ֻҪԬܾд游ʣԬһ֮ͨ
Ԭһѹסŭš
ԬŭԣУ˵Ǿʹ򣡡


24 
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ȻѣֱӴӴϵҴҴЬͷڹǣ
ź誵С̸Ͻͷ˽ȫɺӹǣͬǴⶼҪ򵽳ǰͷˣ
һţӰŻкԶһξ롣мΪ˷ֹ롣ǰЩƺˡ

УøϽȥ
誳ףҴϣ
ɡԸˣڴ˴
ⶼʲôʱˣ㻹ģ誼ĥĥֱԼ֡ŶҪˣں󷽹ʲô˼ϧԼС٣ôǸʵۣǼʮʿıʡʵҪǶٻػкʿԣ
Σʱ̣ȥҲȵͷڹǿҲˡ
誴׾Ϳʼǰ߱ڰ·˻ϸ뿮֮ûµķ뿮ֱ֮ӴŹ˻ϡ
뿮֮׼ں󷽣ͻȻŴ죬۾ƨƨߵظһִͬ¥
Ƕ֮뿮֮Լǰһľ塣±˵ļʸ۾ֱһˡ
䡪
еĻһſ̵ȼ
誼״챣ӣһҪը޻ء
ڣүΡ
̫룬һ˳ţ롣
ǰʦǶʮıܵס
ɾǧһ֮ʣһ£سǵʿ˻ڡ
ıըڶĻҺɫըĶõĹ˲תΪơ
ܵסڵ
˵뿡Ҳûû㣬ΪֻͶʯȴû뵽⾹Ȼըըģ˺ôߡǼйǵģԽ˺ҲԽ󣬲֪ж˱ըըˣ˲䶪ʧս
ָӵԬæԸ
չΪ˳䲻⣬䲻ȴǣĹ
Ҳ֪˭˭ĵ
ѾˣĹ˶Ĵ£ԽɱԽ£Ƶĺ޷ڽڰˣ
һ̣Ĺʿ·һӱޱȣνɱ𣬵ɱҪɱƬײ
뿮֮Ҳ۾ʲôʤ׷Ͻںǡ
ȴ̧̧֣˶ͣ¡
뿮֮춼ҪƤˣôͣˣϽںѽ
治֪Ӧ
誼סˣ뿮֮ϽһͰˮ֮ԲΪûҩˡ
ûУǾȥѽ
ΣʱҲôࡣ
뿮֮ͻȻԡ
ҪǮʱ򣬿ɲô˵ģ
ʱ˵ʲôţҾ֣ɻв٣Ǹõģֻˣһ簡
Сʵƭˣ
л˵
뿮ܻ֮ü


25 
ةࣺһܰæ
뿮֮Ļֲ֪̿
޻˵ͬ˻ԣ˶࿴ᣬ誾Ψһ˵ϻģҲֻųˡ
뿮֮ͻȻԼʵǶԲסةࣺ
֪ҾͲһˮû˻ڣǿ϶ܲסģòӦλ˵Ļ˰ɣңҡةడҺҪĻͺˡ뿮֮ᡣ
Ҫټᶨһ㲻ûô𣿲ӦùֵĻСʵۣʲôӮⲻƭô
ųȴδһ鱧Թ
ȻںţǰߵȴҲųЩԼûȥһˡ
ǻڣӦǸСʵԼġΪСʵղһЩ飬ӦʲôϢȴ룬䲻ؾȻŪôһľϲ
Ȼܹôֻʱ¡ųƷ뿮֮һһէС֣һЩġãֻ֣ҪһЩʱ䣬ֻҪϵһĻҩˣôƺҲ練ơĻȽأⲻѻʯ
޶żԬҲôġ
Ѿݲ˼ˡʵ̫󣬴˴ιǣǼеıΪʿۼ̫࣬ԱըըʿҲ͸ˡ
ԬֹһεĺڣԼôûѳסٹһҲľˡ
̣ǲٴˣҪԬȷԷûµߵıҲҪһʱڣ׳
ҹԬѯʽյ
´ֻʵ˴ıԼĪһǧˣ˵в٣ǼһСʮеˣеֽŶըûˣЩҪսܣЩ˵ģʱڹҲö
Ԭ£ɫûڣȥЩ˱
Ԭ˧ģѾźˡ
Ԭʹر۾һʧôıңҡ
Ԭô룬Ҳô롣
ǰʧϢ˿ӱ͵ʳǡʵ֪սأֱӺִҪѴǿаԬϡ
֪зģ治ԩ
⻰˵ľЩˣҲΪԬ飬Ķߵţϣһϵͷصش˰ӡ
ɻľǳԬ˵ãЩ˶Ԭĵô꣬ԬҾս׳Ӫͷֻ֪Ԭͳʣȴ֪͢ΪѾزˣװ޶أ
˴ιĹҲһӣܲܳɹԬǾˡþиѱݵϣʺ޲ֱͷȥԬȴв۵ˣǵܵǰ顣
ֱǲ֪
Խ࣬ʵļɵҲԽء
ûнԬôлҪһλԪ˧ԬõѡһʱҲҲξȻ߽ˣʱ㲻Ԭƿؾӣλǰȥ
ͬǻ׳ͬݶԬӵоԵѹ
Ԭһ֮ڣٻأ
ԬӵּʱüͷܼһֻӬͼͣҲ֪ĹǱ߾ûóȻ֡ǿйǣֻ²ס
кβףʥּּ̫£˵˴ɱ˱Ϊ˹ǣԬ˧һϣΪ
ԬֱĿӶԷǿйֻƽ޹ѵǵͲ
սɳҲΪ˵ģ̰
ֻ̰ǲνԬ
¶ŪЦô˵Ԭ˧ǲҪּˣ
Ĺ֪˼Ҳһ䣺ǿּĻԬ˧ԻؾͬʥϽ̻͡ǵôģҲǵùģʥϵΌּ⽻ǣǿߣھͿߡ
һɡ
Ԭѡ
ǻؾҪԵıﴦ˵ҪۼˡǲȥʥֵּصıйǡǣԬضѾЩˣЩʿʲںں
µıʵڽסֹڡ
ԬûߡΪãԼ˾Ӫеֻ»㡣
ıļ˸̸ֻֽǽǺӣ˵һˣ£ʦᱻǸ塣
Ǽʮ
Ԭֻűӽʥּ
״ⲻһٳˣʲô˼
Ԭˡ
ԼݣһսΪءȵս½һԴЩͱˣҲʲô۸ġ
ԬӦ˹ǣȴԵһԥǸ˵Ӫͷ˵Щ벶ȸںûһ̣ԬҲ뻹ǻȸ
һʱʲôǽפصʿ˵һ
ԬĹǲҪΪգʱּĲʿԮԬһУͼһٹĹ
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Ѿǰ϶ˣĲá
Ԭ˵Ϣ֮һնûԺ÷ƣЧҵĳ͢ĵľԬһɺôҲӰɣ
հǰ˺Ĵ£ô߾˶ңܵģ
ԬȴֲܲܡˣǰΨһһ·սپܿعٻأȡĹȻЩʿػر߾ؽ
Ǻռ䣬Եĸܵ̽˼ԽԽˡ
⼸ε̽ĹӦԵҲڳǽϿһеоʱȻУù߲ݣҹһ
ֽС󡱣誴ǰһϿģ;޴Զɱǿ
ųҲǰһɵö誹Ŀ࿴ʼ֮ǰǸڵȷСʵˡ
ǺسǵʱҲΪ޴ĻûлҲŵסǣֲ㣬ʱ䲻㣬ǽҲûüٸ
ͷǸʱЩֻʱ̫ˣֲ߲ݵҲֻôʮ̨ʵʥϡ
⼸˸æ͵ǰߣԷԷǣҲˡ
ʱû˭׵ġ
Ŷԣ뿮֮ų⡣
µ͵ǽϣٻسŹһ
һս½誴ڳǽӲ졣
һƬǽսЩģڣ˵һĵĻʿֱնһɣЩһֱûʹûڣֻѾǻڲʵչֻҪġ
ųǽҲµûš
˻ҲҲϢ˵Ѿ߾ıǰԮˡӣƱһսҪ򡣡
ųĵɫȻЩ仯調˿
һ飬ͷ
˻ϸֵĹǲرˣ߾϶ɢʱûǿԽ
⻰ʲô˼ѵҪĹ֮üͷһչѵ֪ϵ
˻ȴҡҡͷ΢㱾£
һһ룬Ҳ
﷢࣬ѵעҪ䣿
Ȼ䣬ų˵һ䣺ϳʶһ̽ӣܰæ
ʶһ̽ӣ
뿮֣֮ţةô̹Ȼ˵ⷬģ
л˵
Ѿ˻ûż٣ûż٣ÿ黹ܶࡣַսر٣رܡ


26 Ԯ
ĻӦ
˵żһʵѾ޻˵ˡ
ةʶ̽ӣҾȻôö֮˵ģų
޶һ䣬֪ةʶģ
뿮֮ԷһѺȴ룬ų£۾ûգһ£ԭھǵʱʶģԼ¶ţҲδĹ£ʵһֱûн¶ͦӣ֪ϢҲһŹ
ʵδʲôĹ£йء
ʵų˵Ҳ֪˵ô䡣課²⣬Ŀ̽б¶֮Ϊ׳˲ٽλةǸģҪûʵʵ棬ôܻ
ûôˡ
˵課ˣ뿮֮Ҳš뿮֮Ƚûɣ䣺¹ֻҪĹûʲôӰ죬ҲȷʵعܡܵĻܹܵù
Ц˿ǻƱ磡ļϸܱ˵ɻġ
Σܹ黹Ҫġ誱Ϊųûϲٹϵ̽ӣȴس֮󣬲ŲƬ̹ųͰ˴誸ǰ
Ǹ̽ӡѰ磬ֲ߲ݣȻڡ
Ҳ֪ų׸ô˵ģ˹ʱɫһ˿һؽš
課һЩ棺̽ӣʲô֣
ҳǡ
ô調ʼܲܰˣ׷ʣϵ
ܡ
ʣϵϣ
ӡ
գӱޡһ·еĻǵҪôòܽȥǣܳŵõ
ҲһԣԮҲûʲôõķˡ課λոεµԹۡԭλд־ˣ̲Ĺ֮˵⽫ˡ֣Ҳ⡣
ֱת鷿׼дһţӼȥʹ
˻ϲ֪ʱҲ˹磬һһдˣʥϣôô²̫أʲôҲ֪Ѿ̽Ӵͨһˣ֪أ
˭
ס
ǲ졣Ҳһǰȥ벻ȫʵۡ
䲻֪ηˣ˿˻ϣС˵˵һ͹ȥʵۿĹǸǺãôųأ
֮ãųţ˭ûнɽ𢡢ҹ£̸̸ֻǮֱթԸӡˣǲñ
˻û֨
ãһæԹŶԶнԶĵλ¾Ҳ֪һġ
ŽţôҲˣ
ˣĴ˻ϸɴ첻˵ˣ˵ʲôǴ
ȴȰסҲûʲôˣ˵˲ɣ˲áհǰ˺˭ţôмõϵˣ
ˣһǽ֮뿮֮ҲڸةҧŶ䣬»³çĵعȰ
ʲôֲǲ֪СʵǸĹˣǶȴǸǰһộѱ̽ӸڵϣⲻǸһİѱһСʵҪ治񲻾˷۱ˣ
ųʣ㲻ţҲô
뿮֮һԺ°ͣΪΣ
ˣųһЦΪʲôҪǵ
ǴǮԶ߸߷ôŰΰߡֻҪǮϣСʵǲôġò˵Ȼⷨͦ޳ܣʤáųȷʵ߲ҪھǣǾԲЩ顣
ܱһֱųΪٴ֮ѾˣҲڡСʵֵȷʵУɴõôԸһЩҲ޷ֻţСʵ۲Ҫʧúá
誻ûųʧ
дţλгİͳȥ֮誱ڲų̽ӵ£һһֻ
ųЩ
ǵԤϵĻҪաԬʶĹȷûǿµĻҩ֮󣬱㲻Ŵˡ
սѾݶϣΨһٹǣõƾ֮
˵ǵ˰ʦһΣʵԬҾŶʮ򣬾ǿҪһֻʮҡʣµЩˣҪôֻǸģҪôһЩʳʿȻҲбȴûʲôսֻѹˡ
ˣҲǿĹ̫ࡣ
ĹҲİ£ǿֶȹա
ʱԮҲ½½ˡ
ԬֱָӾӣӲǰٻصȷ¹ıؾ֮·Ĺ֮£ҪѸٻҲһ׵¡Ԭ辶ӻϰطָ֣ӾռٻΧļٻĹص㡣Ĺ͢ûǮ˶ٱѱӱĵطٻأǱĵطȻҲˡ
պҲԬı
ˣٻر㱻лˡ誵˱Χм䣬ѡ
һ졭ʼûеȵĻظŹȥʱֻգôظôãѵˣֻĹԸ֣ͬ
ҲʹųֻһةҲ֪λظˡ
Ȼʮֲ
ʱ䣬誼û˯һĺþϱӵ֪Լϲ֢֮ʱûôżϾʱֻҪסԼһСӣȴαסǧǧ˵
Ϸؿ϶ǲеģôΧȥǳ綼ԵȻǱȴٳûϢû취ѾѰİˡ
ԪôˣֻҪϳһж˵
ɽǣǱߵԮҲٳδûݶû
ƿڴҪ鲻޲ֱתؾǣЩ˶ˡ
վǱ޳ĪǰҪ
˽䣺˵ǵ׻ܳŶã
ûǰЩӵĿܣ꣬ǵ緢Ľ誵Ļɤӻصǳ͢Ԯֻͦˡ
۵ʿʵ̫ˣҲ㣬Ҳסˡ
ֱӷ򣬿߱⣬ֱӷ·һ
誰̾ͷ
͢Ԯʵ׼ˣֻǰϱ˸סˣ¶
ԪǰŶֽţűڵسĸţԼΪԮݡ
Ԫǲʲôٰǰסȥͱôһܵ°֪˭Ӣ۰ɣ
Ԫ뿴Ĺ֧Ԯ϶ǻ֧Ԯģǵ誴˼ͷβİ֮ҲΨʱٳðտ˭˭ʥ
ԮٳٲÿնһͷһգյϢ֪ٴټ׼ץ뿴Ӧʱ˰գȴһֱûǱߵ춯
һòᡭ
æܳȥպڲ·æߵų䡣
ĵվһ飡
ųҲڲǸü֮Щˣ³ˣ
һıɢˡ
ת䣺֯ʣ׼
ƣҴ򣬵׷Ͳˣл֮ͷ۲ɣ
л˵
һ࣬ϻ˼ҡ


27 
ةĿ
ٰڣֻʶҹµ˲֪ĴжôѡڱİջǰһӣܾĹӦÿܻ¶ⵣǵղŨҡ
ʵǰߵϢûдΪ課ֵǷ꣬Ļ̻̣սϵЩõţҲûô͸¶ȥ
ЩգԪϢҪϲ١֪ٻضĹҪԣҲ֪⿿調϶زסٻһصġԪ֪Լܳ֡õһȣȵٻعݣȵ誳ΪĹǧ֮Ԯ֡ҲֻǸʱܰ誴ӻϵλ
Ԫż̶̼չԪѾ֪յˣÿŶͬС졢ݺ޶£޷ǾȰҪɽ벻ˡ
ԪûǸǸģܾ֮󷴶ԽԽ£˹ƵҲԽˡ
գԪ˻˵ͷغ飬ת˽Ų
ҪȰˣƾʲôأûϻʵۣҲ¡ǵЩȫʵʵŵģҲġһֻľȥٻǸطǰװ̣ôľǿ
˵ȱ⣬Ѿŷ˸Ϳˣ벻ǮأԣԪͬйˡ
ôֵȲˣѵ˵ĻԪͷ΢̧̧ߴ¶ɨȴԭء
һ벻ˡ
ةࣿôˣ
˺Ȼ͢
͢Ԫⲻ̬ʧʱˣȻ˼飬Ȼû漰ϣãһλǱôһ룬ةб
ε¾Ǹ޳ģеİҲǸܹȫֵġðȡжȵģţֶǰ
Ϊ̫ŭ͢˵ʱһЩѵүĴؿٻʧأү㼸ʱ
Ԫ˵ǣҲûãͷûʳҲûˣʲô
ôıΪβã
ԪȻһɫñ쳣ة࣬±ȻҲ̫Ūõ˭Ҳÿ
͢ðˣӦҡ
ة࣡ԪһڴĻȫǾζסݣʵʡ
ã͢һ۾ϸһٻرʧ֮ĶȴסˣӲĲģ͢ΣүԽɽΪءٻؾԲƣһٻرݣȥλʲôôأ
Ԫȥֻ֣ڷһ䣺˱֪ˣû£ȻȥϢɡ
͢ͷʧ
ȰȥѾûʲôˣòȻ뿪ʱŭ壬ȥʱȴı롣˵͢밲ԪĹϸǿ̫ԶˣҪһֻ˵Ԫ͢Ҫ
ѧĶ֪д誣ԪСͿᰮ飬˱ȵ۽ÿһ飬ԲɵүȻʺϵʵۡ
ʱãλ콵ޱעҪϻλġ
ڽ죬Լˡ
͢ߺԪһ䡰
̴ʵүͲةΪͬˣ
ԪҡҡͷصڱעôѪ᲻ءʵûʲôηηţֲһֻܱųѹͷϡ
ųֲöԸԪҲѡ͢
̴ЩԥһةԣһٻرݣĹˡô죿
ܣҲûһλʵ۶ѡ
Ϳ課˳ˣÿԽὫӻλϼȥǰضһ±Ǹѱһͳս°ȻҲ֪˭ʵ۲ʡ
ӣĹսܵϢӦͿҪˡ
Ԫҵȣҹ֮ȵϢֻǲĹսܵϢѾ˱Ϣ
Ԫǿ񣺡ô£ϸ˵
֪Ҳʮֻ˵߾ı׼һٹٻأΧٻ֮ʣߵı߾պ÷춯˵ǰɧţССս½ϡΪסֻѸٻر
ǳ͢ľأ
̴ӵ˵ڳʤ׷
Ԫһµڳϡ
ʤ׷ôܣǵܹ
ɲԪηӦļաٹٶ۴£Ҳ
һʱ䣬誵ġ˵оһѾ˾֪̾䡣
ԪܲˣôţǸﾹȻܴʤ̣
ʵϻսʤϢԼĪղŵִﾩǡռ䣬Ҳһֱûͣ½ĽŲȱĻǮǮʳûǰ̴粽С
ҩü󻹵ץһҪǮ˭жǮѿ֧ңսսҲʲôԶ֮ߡ
調׬ǮķʱųȻһЦصҵ誵鷿
誣

ŹϺ󣬷뿮֮˹صصʥϣ׬Ǯ׬һƱģ
׬Ǯֱض˫ð⣺ʲôƻ
л˵
һϼҹˣϼҵϰе࣬һ춼Уһ绹ð꣬°ɣֱVˡVС䣬λ֧ѽ


28 ׬Ǯ 
ٿۡ
˵׬Ǯ, ǿ˵뿮֮ĿˣNɇNɼ˵Բˣ
׬Ǯ򵥣һ׬ǮĶһǰ׬Լ˵Ǯ, Ҫ׬˵Ǯ
ЦЦ׬Լ˵Ǯ
뿮֮ƤѾ񵽵ǹ, ¶Ҳ治ɫ˵Իôһ˵ʥҪ׬Ǯ, Ǵǰ׬Ǯ
𣿡΢΢һЦЦ÷뿮֮Щ}ûš
ֱٴο˿ڣа, 㵹˵˵
ǲ׷ˣ뿮֮ٺһЦСƣ׬Ǯ˵Ҳ򵥡Ǳлô, ˭ʳ˭ܴ׬׬ͳϢոհ˰, Ҳȱʳʳļ۸ʮֵǳЩ̻δӦȥڴʳʳյò, ڷų, ˵˴ս³, ҪľȱںܴѾˡ
һЩϵ, ɢϢ, ˵ֻ, ּһĺˮߴ󺵡֮Ҫֻ, ʳļǮʱ, ȻĸԸʳǱ˳ˮ۸߼, ʳ֮ٵͼԭͷŵĴʳѹȥһǮ˵԰һ򾡣÷
Ŀɿڴܡô
ⷨǾͦõģҪܳɵĻǿװǣǣô˳
ʥ㲻ű˻΢Թʳ۸񲢲ߣʳ۹ԸмʳĻ϶׬⣡²ɣĹҲĳȥġ
ҲصǲмۣЩǿ϶뷽跨ǡ֮ȥ켸ƣʳļ۸̧ǿʳļ۸ˣҲضǧټҪʳġûжУԶҲֻܴĹʳˡЩһǮûӣ׬յǮף׬ǵǮҲףʱǱǮѴ֮
˵뿮֮ˡѾܹһɽɽһ˫СɹˡǿɶҪ׬ˣ˵һˣʮӶóǰǮֻˣ˺ü
ôǲġ
һ誴鳼ǣߣֻҪͬĻǮ׬Ǯ߷֣߳ɣ΢ôֻɾ㹻ˡ
Ȼʹ߳ɵǮ뿮֮Ҳ֪᲻úײסǵĵ
Ŷֱʣ
ԸǮ誺ֶΪأֲǮҾ͸뿮֮˵ʳ˵ĹˣҲóȥôǿǸ׬ȻҪģǾͶĸġ誷˻Ȼ⣬ֻȥɡ
뿮֮˴ģ΢øһˡ
˭
֮ǰضʱǮһƽʯ󰲡
誶˻Щӡ󣺡ǲ𣿡
˲̻Ǹ̡϶ʳģǱȽУļͬ⣬˵ϵǣͷĻӦûࡣ
аɣ޸ֱȥѰˡʱӦúˬ졣
뿮֮Ҫˬ죬Ӧ֮󣬱ߵߵȥˡ
ֻǸ߳żֱ誸סˣȵȣ
뿮֮Īֹס˲ӣʲôҪԸ
ɫ²۳벻ɣҪе֪
ԭֻ뿮֮Ӧû룬Ϊƣõ֪񲻾ֻһ
ʶ֮󣬷뿮֮ȸԾˡ
·䡣
ӴϲѶӪ¶ˣǷ뿮֮ҲǰһˡеֻĬĿ⣬˴˲ڣȻһ
÷뿮֮վһֳϵĻȸһ֪ڵɪ԰ʲô뿮֮´һʤ̣Ҳһéӵĳʯͷˣš
ܶСʵ۶裬䲻ſɣҪʯͷȥ
ڷ뿮֮˵׬Ǯһ£ҪһƱģ̵Ǯ׬ˣǾҪϸıˡ
뿮֮һǸʯϵһ濪ʼ̵ҵ˵˵ҵļҲǸ˸æΪ٣Ҳƣ˵ȥɲǿЦģ뿮֮ҪûôǮףҲ󵨵ļı
ǴʯǱ˵ãǱ߸ϵĹֻĺս£ʳԽΪɣԸ߳ʳм۵ļ۸񣬴ʳ
ڰµĹŷ֣ôʳԼһҲԲȥ˼ȥʯǣߣ˼̼ˮֻҪǿϳǮͰԼõٷһǡ
ⶣܽ¸֪ˡԷ뿮֮Щֶ̼û˵ʵֻһͷǸԼһȥʳ˵ܴ׬һʡ
Щ˳ûбİ취ܲ׬ǮﶼĹʳļ۸ȷʵ˴ʳֱԩͷΪԺҪĹ׳Ҳ׬١Ϊʳӿгͻѹͼ۸ôһ룬ǲ׬⡣
ɾǮҲЦ㡣
뿮֮šʹȻǲò
ֳȥʱ򣬷뿮֮ĶڵѪЩǮ̼֣뿮֮ҲûɶɫǺĲ鲻ԸģֱӰǸˡ
֮дʣһȺ֪ôĶ׬ǮĻỹһֻ̼֣
Ƥôǳ㵱ҲǴģһ
ɲô¶ǵðģðƯƯġ뿮֮Ȼ̫ˣȻż᷸һЩܹ黹Щ֪֮ģ֪Լǰ¿϶벻Сʵ۵ۡǰӣѱﲻиΨ֤ԼļֵҲСʵ۵֣ȭ䣬߹˻ϣҡһ䣬ΪСʵһ
Ϊˣ뿮֮龫ǣ˼ҹ룬һпԶõϵ
ǮѾˣˮ˺͹ؿѾͨˣǱߵĴѾϵĲˡ̶̼ʱ䣬뿮֮ɳȥ̼Ѿǩ飬һһʳֱ˵Ĺı߾
ЩʳûбȥǣǾ͵֣رء
Ϊ˲˶ĿųϢ
һЩȥһЩ̼ԳǰԪ£Ǳ͸¶˼ɴ£бơ
ÿһʳһڣЩŻ޷졣
ǱߵĴҲδɡԼʳ࣬ȥһЩҲ޷ԼҵѾˣǻչյ
еΪܱûҴչʳܹ黹бǮͷԵģֱӶԸм۵ļ۸Ĺݺݵ׬һʡ
һ׬Ǯʮۺ죬ڲ֪䣬ʯϵϵֶһ
뿮֮гıǰеģݾߣϢ
ĹĽŲҲȴ򣬲ûð
ԭ˶Ҫ͹ȴѹסˣҲǾϽˣױͷԣȻ
֪Ĺܹܹ֮лأȫΪǵĻᣬҲΪη˱ֻȨ֮ƣҪƣƵǸϣ˼תͷٴǣδл֮
Ҫľ͹Ǳƽһ֣Ǿ͵׼̸
䲻׼׷ǡǡҲ˻뵽һȥˡϵĻĬžӣ˻ϽԼϢԴ㣬Ҳʼɧ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣ʵΪս¸ŪýͷöȽҪͷǾһġ
ԬƫƫһĵġģҲһֱŵˡֻн׹ܱƵԬʧҪ췴Ǿ͸ˣֻĿǰӦܡ
˻ϲ²⣬һֱͱˣԬǻֿ
˵õ֣ÿֻ̽һԱԱˣȥΧһһơ
ľ֮˼գҲӲ̤İնǲ̫ų⡣
˴ѾǻԱˣͬǲͬϲС調Щ䣬ȴѾЩطĹոĳˡ
һ꣬ЩɶĳءҪ
¶ȻҪ˷ġ
֮ǰţûĹӲ͸¶ȥĹһתΪƣ㲻ֻЩھﴫ
˰̲ʤ̣ܸúú˵һ˵ģ
ôߵҲûб˼Ԫ
֪֮ǰԪΪʲôôأĹӮŴ³ƵۣĴȥɡԵţʲôʱʰٷػȥʱ϶ǵʰԪ
ɲǴǰһеСʵˣⳡս֪ڳеˮǴߡ
ǿˣͲˡ
Ĺ͸һţƤҩƵģָϲߣִˡǳ˵ʱֻԭפأܿ챻ˡľֱӵ˱ڱפأǽݣԴΪ
ֻҪһ㣬ǱԬʤ׼ֻ˻ȥһǰһؼٴεģ׼ϣȺҪĹӱֻ׷
ҲҴΧؿսϾأ϶ǳԿżССٲ˵ģĲռ˻ӱƽ֪ܣѪԿԡȻûиѾĥƽˡ
Ȼ誵ֱʣλսʮֿھнˣפţƣҴ򣬵׷սǻ򲻹ۼɧţͲԼ䡣
ڴˣԬֱĽ
ɼˣʵҲԸŹ˵Ļȫ𣬱Ͼ£ҲδػطʿĹҲδػʥּǿԬһ֮ڱõٻء
񲻽ûƵٻأĹлʵǲܡҲΪˣȲҪȫƵԬͷϡ̫ʲô˼ˣҲ֪ô˵ʵŭ
ȻƮƮһдȥ֮ԬˡﳼڳпһȦδԽԬˣԣ˵ȴûаľְֻƴĹ֮£Ȼؾ֮ձǷ֮ա
ʥּԬûзŭЩЦ
ɺٻԬ˧ʥּ
Ԭƫͷһۣ྿ʲôӲ֪ʥҲڴ˴Ҳɲװģ
㱻仰ŭˣҿڸģ
ڴ֮ͥ۴µǷǣӪͷ֪Ŀ϶ʸ
ûڴ˴תӪˡ
֮ĲôͲԬ˧зģ
Ǹ췴ýŴҪݲһֱѳֵľȨٳٲϽ͢ӵˣ񸸻ʲһʥּѵһҲ
û˵硣
ãεƺһҲڱ߾ս£ǵ㵽ȫȴһһʵۣ»ǸֶҰģĵһ̱ܿһҲˣͷ۵Ļ˦˦Ĺ
ˣǸͷҲǸµǻĻʵۣëûءۼ̶ֳȣ˿Ǹ»ʡ
ΪԽսʱĻ˺Ȼ֣۲Ծ
ճɸչã˵гӦȱʳôϢȴ˵ʳѾ֪һˣ
׼ϸ£Ұ֮кȻֱϢڻǧһĴֻģԽ棬Űʳա
Ϣһλ¸ص֮ڡŷӶ࣬ʢָ⡣
˵Ϣм٣
һʱ䣬նʼɾ׼ʱȴ֣гѾˣ
л˵
뿮֮ûģ
˲Уеġһ´ϰ˵㣬ҹ񨌡


29  
ҵ
֤̽, λŴҲüͷһԼû˵ĻҲ֪ԴӺζζ
ž, ϱʡ
ϸ֮, ŷеĶߡԭص̴ʳ߼Ĺŵ˹ڵʳȱ, ʳѾ򲻵ˡ
ЩǵʳǮһ, Ѿѹסˡ
ʲаشﲩǸ꣬˼ж, ̵ĲֿͷǶѳɽôʳĹܳԵýȥ
һصص˵ͷܳԲԵý, ܹѾˣǮ
Ǻ޲֮ʣʳѾǣս͸ó׶ϵó, ƣӦ, һʱûע⵽ĹڱʹЩСֶ, ȻǾôóˡ
ΪŭЩĹʵǼթÿһõĽڶһɫ, ѹЩǺƵҲЩһֻΪ׬Ǯ, Ȼ˴¡ʳǼ, ֻ»е
ô붼벻ͨ, ҲΪ, ˼һ˳˳ˮ, ûô£ĹʳΪʲôѵǾͲôʳֱ
¾ڣǻбĶǡ
ĻûþӦˡ
ס˵ֻǱ֤ʵΪҥԣǹٸͰԳٵҥαҥûãӾ˿ֻš
ַųСϢ˵ǳ͢Ҳ֪Ǹֻ꣬ǲԸպ£ѹϢϰסƭա˵ҥԣʵġ
һʱϣ˷
˵ֻ飬˳ǰߵս£˵ԼѾԤϵⳡս½ܾãȵͻᱻʧʱҪϽʳԹѿ֧׵Ļ˵ԬԬ󽫾Ҫıʳȱ
ȻǰļǷ뿮ֳ֮ģǹ˻ϵĽ
ڸЩĪǾԼϹġʲôʱЩԱû¸ɡֲ´ģ˳һѡ
û˼ֻǵػ
ǵҲۣӰĻǷ뿮֮˻ϵֱʡ뿮֮˻ȫַ񣬷뿮ֵ֮ǮֻҪǮȥȻһһԸ¶׵Ưɹ˻ϲһȨƣϰһʮŲıʼѣڲźãóдһЩϡŹֵĻӡͨ˵ͷβĽлӣ봫˼˳µشİա
뿮֮Ҳ˵˻ʵ̫СˣҲ룬˻ֻǸ΢ĩС٣Ϣͨҽύֶ࣬һЩֶεĻվ뿮֮ǰ̶
˱˴˿ߣȴֹͬƶһ¡
˻ϱΪԬʵĹϵİ˷뿮֮һѡ
Щټ٣ΪԻģǴһʱԷֱʲôʲôǼ٣οЩͨայ˼жʵÿƵġֻҪۿƵõָĴġҥǰͨûһֱġֻƣ¡
˵ʳЩձȲȥʳǮĵͷԸ߼ʣʳЩǮģȻҲø࣬Ҹƽϼ۸
زˣǰʳأÿﶼһ˳ӡ
⼸գͷβ۵Ļʳ£
˵ԱѾӵʳˡ
ϵʳˣȥͷһ䣬ǶѾûˡҪôȥֻӶõˡ
ô죬Ǹ꣬ٲʳҪ
ˣҾţǵʳչȥˣûô¶ҲȱʳЩ̣
鳳ʳܹ黹Ҫġܳ͢ѾֹպʳЩԽԽסֹڰտ֤ȱѾǰ϶ˣҪٲĻǲɵ˭Ҳ뵱ɵڵʳ۸ҲͻԽԽߣټз뿮֮꣬ʳֹ
ֲ
뿮֮һ˷ų˵ʳֻǷȵףٷһ
һֿʼʳ᲻ٷһȥóʳ滹ҪǵĽۡ
͢»ˣ뿪ַǲֿʳҲޣвֿʳųȥҲ޼¡ң˭֪ǷŲͷ᲻Щֵֹ۵
ĿǰʲôѾȫų͢ˡȥҲͷһζԸôֵ£鲻㣬ôǴ
ЩӼͷˣĹѪͷϾҲ֪˭ģܹĹʵѲ˸ϵˡ
ҪͷĻ˭е£
͢岻֣Ҳûֻ֣ôؿʳ۸һһߣһһ̿֡
Щһﻹס
˭ҲܾôʳǼ۶ΪϾҪǵģʱõʳǾܺݺݵһǮ
̵ĿⶼԼͬĹ
ǵʳǱȥĹֻô̶ʮյĹ򣬾ĹôܳҲԲôʳ϶ʣࡣ
Ȼʣ࣬Ǿͻϣ
ʹ֮£ٴԽֱ͢ӸĹ˴˽
һжǷ뿮֮һִٳɵģֵ̼ĶҲͷһ֪ġ
֪֮󣬷뿮֮ȲظҫԼĳɼô˵ţֻҪ㹻Щ̿϶յġ仰Ӧ𣿡
뿮֮дšҡ֡
課òΪѵһģȷʵòٽ
뿮֮ŸǰŵĶеܵġ
ʣЩô
ȻǸ߼ȥˣ׬ĶԼ˵Ǯġ뿮֮֮£ԼСӣȵȥϷſء
誱ʾ͵ſһϷˡ
뿮֮仰ǰòСֻϧֻһ룬ֻСʵ֪Ŷ˻ǸСӣ϶Ҳµˣ˵뿮֮Ҳֱӹȥ԰ڡ
誵ס뿮֮һȦûҵܹҫˡˣòһ£ĶûС
ƾʲô˴һʤ̺Ӫͷ˶ڿô£ôĹͣ߾Ȼûһ¶
ѵĹûĴ󣬲ܣǱѪСս֮
ķ뿮֮תͷȥݺݽѵһ̡
ȻǾˣʳ۸ǣپ٣ȫƾǵ⡣
ЩҲѧˣǩԼʱעޣĹһֱŲǣǴ׬ǮĻᡣ
뿮֮ˬӦ£¹涨ֻҪǽȫǮ룬սǮո
Ϊʳʵ̫࣬ǻʹ뿮֮ȥʳʱ͢Ǳͨ˸ԼȨһЩٴȵЩǰʳ˵ʱ򣬿ûôõˡ
ҪһһҵңΪҴ˺üյĹ
ЩǲûаȫʳûȥҲ֪ϡΪĵʳǰһ࣬ôЩʳͶֵǮˡǰʳ۸άڸλǲܳþõ׬ǮΪˣǲϧȫҡ׬ǰѼǮҲֵá
㡢һװشżŵͬһȥĻǻؽʳ
ʽ׵Ϊֹ˫ͦģ뿮֮ԭͶǮ˺ü׬˸ûʳ׼س֮۳ݺݵ׬һʡ
ֻҪ׬ôһʣһӶŬˡ
õġ
ȵǰѺò˻ʳȴ֣ķʱһ䡣
ΪʯЩ˽֮ǰûʳתͷС̡ЩСǱЩ̱ȸΪҵײʵû취ֱӸĹ⡣Ƿ뿮֮Ϊ˸Щ̣ҲǷѾ˼ʯԸӵļ۸񽫣ʣȫʳǵЩС̷
̷õʳȻȲĿʼ
ȵǴǻعʱЩС̷Ѿʳòˡ
ǰǰҲյĹ
ȷʵ׬˲٣ɺǷ֣ǲ٣ЩС̷ƺж٣·ȱӡ֮ǰʢЩԣЩҲֹסˣûۡ
ö֮ԱûԸ߼Щʳˡôʳһ࣬˶ˣͲôϡȱˡ
Ҵ볯͢ʶһжĹı֮󣬸æõط͢գǲҪţһжĹҪʳ۸յǮ
˵з뿮֮»˳ˮַۣųϢ˵ѾĹʳˣʳ۸ܿͻعԭλ
һϵв֮۲ɱ½ˡ
Ǻ߼󴬴ʳĴɵˡ
ǻаҪɢʳҪǼ۵ϢǰŸɢϢ˾ͱٸ׽סˡ
ΨһһѵġҲΪѣźɸ֡һλεıǶЩǵͷɺˣǮñ׬ȥˣԼҵ
ǳܣгȥ뻢ıƤǴˡʱһĲˣȴΪЩʳͷԣ
ǲץҲУĹ˼թŪĵսϤɲٸĻˡҪľǱסʳļ۸񣬾ǡЩĲĴǣֻ̰ģҲֻԴѹһ£˧ˡ
Ҳ֪ĹǱ׬ǮģҪߵĴ̼Ҳģɺǻһ취ûС
ƿڴʱ򣬷뿮֮ˣ׬Ǯȫ̧鷿
ȫˣ뿮֮ػ˻֣δӡ
۶Ǯ誴ûôǮôĵͷɢµĹâ
㣬ڲôˣ誴û÷뿮֮ôӢ˳۹鰡޵Ź֮
뿮֮գգ۾Ҹ̫ͻȻЩܳ
ѵôɵسˣ
л˵
뿮֮֮ǰһƵд֮뿮֮Ӧ ABCDĴ̣ȤСһ¡￴źͦˬǴӽǣͻ÷ǳɶ
ûǸƵ֮ǰҲû뵽һŴ󶹵ʷҲôߵ


30 Ͷ 
һء
Ϊ뿮֮͹Ǯ, ͷһ֪ʵʲôоƾǮԺҲҷ뿮֮Ĳˡ
λú˻һɶõ˲š
ǮҪ֮ǰࡣ볯͢, Ҳˡ
誻ǸСݺݵؼʡҪǵ, Ԫ¶ֱսϣô׷Żȥ, Ҫ㣡
Ǹɲµ͢ΪĻ, ͣû뵽ԮС¶ã֮ҪãԪѹ, Ͳػ֮˵˵ȥûãֻ˼粻»ˡ
ةǵͷ, ӹ˻ϵء
㣬˵뿮֮òһ¶һҪ԰԰, 誽Ѹ, ˶֪Ĺ͡
һֱûͬ, ֮ͲˡĹ˽֪Ǳ߿϶ҲסġЩ֪֪, ͷ뿮֮ԼôĶ֪
صһ, ôҵ, ôܻŹף
ûеõӦеĺ, 뿮֮ΪʧΪû֪, , ųͻȻסˣֱʵ
Ǽ¶İɣȻһʾ䣬ʵȴޱƶ
뿮֮ˣҲ˵ˣ
ųʾһѾֵǷܻ꣬᲻֪ǰʱæĲӰӦæ¶ɣ
ɲÿææĶˣ˵ɼ֪׬˶𣿡뿮֮һ֣ôأ˰ռӵһ飬ûࡣ
뿮֮ذԼս˳룬ɲ˵ģةµģȻµˣҲ޷
ɲҷҪǵģֻСʵ۵Ҳ֪̫Сˣ׼е֪
öԡ
뿮֮ʾ⡣
ųһЦҪǲŵĻ뿮֮ᱻ˸Ū
Ǯɱ˸ĸοοǰ˱ƵҵѪ޹ˡ˵Щְ̼ʳȥ֮ȥȫͼҲ᲻ãҪǲȵҵǳӲôáٸѱǻȥЩ̼֣
Ҫһܷ඼ǰȫҶѺȥˣֻЩһӶûзĻᡣһ£ĴǳױˣڵʳҲֱֻͣͣһЩС̷ڼҲ֪ҪֻܻǴһֵĴ̣ЩһһǶ
𣬶Թ
뿮֮ûþˡ
ʱųֻһ仰ʱСһЩСʵû¶ͱȥ
뿮֮Ϊʲôųֻһร
뿮֮ûͷԼ׬Ǯ֮ͻȻѡ
ʣǮҪԼֻɱ˵˼ˡ뿮֮ԼĲӣⶥͷ᧿Σ
Դ֮󣬷뿮֮ÿնսս벽誡
誼Щ򣬰̫ٶۡʵܹ޶ۺ;֮лˣλ飬ƺҲûеڶˡ
뿮֮Ĵ粽뻹Ĳϲڳ誸û̵ĺƵģ˲ݡ
뿮֮ţȴֲҰѻ˵ף첱Ӵ֡
ԱߵĹ˻ȻһЦȴҲð˵
뿮֮ưŹ֮ȴˣСڲҰֱ
ֱ
ΪԼС뿮֮ݷΪľүս޲ʤϽ
Ҳ֪Ըǿңıʵǿ̶̼գȥ߾Ԯ㱻˻
ԬսŰܡ
أѵԬҾȴס˴룬û̫ࡣ
ԾɸǰһԬ֮ǣҲûнԬԼ˵˼һɢɳ֮£仨ˮ
ôţЩ˶÷˼սֻһζӱܺ׷
˷뿮֮Ϣ󣬺ȣѾɢˣΪˡ
뿮֮׷ʣ𣿡
еѡ
ԭǽյ£ĹʵͬԬģڲΪλöͷѪ͵ĴʣµЩһɲʱʵСʱ˺ͣһ
ֻ˵򻹲
»ƺҲʶһ㣬ǲ
ǹ˵ؼɱкֻϣĹܹǣһֵıƣӦԡ
ȻӦ¡λ뵽һȥˡսǴܿ϶ǲеģɧżΣ練ơ
誴Ӧˬ죬һʱķԸ̽һ䣺ţ֮ǰٻʱһ֪ɻãϣ绢
ʵڳҲ˵˵ģȥ֮ҲǸæдŸ֪ʵǺţҲĹմ˵ʱǴӺĹûãԳ²⣬ǻǲǲˡǲãĹҲ̫ԺĹҲ˳ֵ¡
֪̽ٵصŪţȻеģɱʵ̫ǱҪǲõġֻ˼ڱôˣսѪɺӣ񶼻ûˢɾ
ة౾˵Ҳ˿ڣЦͬ´˲֪ʥŷǸʾǱƵҲô˵Ĺ֮Ӳˣ˴Ĺ⣬ǻڵس´ҲǼʶġ
ЦһҪ˵͸ֱŻںˣеǡҲʥʴȣ̶ɱ
ҡͷڳһʰնģˣһһľ飬οˣ
װΡ
⼸һ˳һ˳ŪóҲͿˡ
ȥ֮Ǹд˷ţ
ĹڸĪ⣬С
ڹĹ붼룬ǻôӳ顣
һ»ʶĹ̽һĹ
ĹҲȫϡ
ǮˣΧƻӱϮȫ⡣һҪӦһֵ÷ͷʱʱɧţһʱ֡Ľ߶ûֵá
һ£ʵ˿ڣ͡
һ磬˼ҪôʱͷȻϢѾǲʹͶ͡
һӺųһ˲Լͬؽ鷿
뿮֮һȣҪҪͷ͸óʤ׷ֱ
誣
ֱӺԷ뿮֮Ŀԣ˵ͬҰĲȻҪͣǸؿ϶ٲ˵ģƺϵĵǶҪˡ
誱΢Ц
ų˵ίһЩԱĲظ˾ǣҲܲס
Цˡ
ǲûͶĶǣ
һƨ
л˵
ˣոտһģ˼õˡ


31 ޳ 
޳ܵ߾
뿮֮ҭһ, ǿиԼһ棺ֻʱûüǰͶ
ѵøĻͷǵġ
ֻ˵֮ȴ׷õĳĬųҲȻ, ֪Լ˵˴˵, ʤУ̫սսˡ
İЩ˵εȫߡ
˳鷿, 󲻻ɢ˴ﶼһܾ¶ùֶԷǶԷʧȥ, ԼŸŷ˵˵ȥǱ˵ĴԼûС
ҼҲʹܸϽͶ, øصĸأ, ˣҲܷĹ
һһ죬ûʹӰӡ
סǰȥһ
һ, , ǽ˻ðɡ
ûǺ̸
ʵúܼ, ҪĵֻҪˣһжһʼѹĹ, ôҲһֻҪ, ǸĹеĥ, ȻҲòͶ, ϾĹ䡣
, ֮еͶһ, ʼնʵۿǵķΧ֮ڡ֮󣬼ٻء
Ϣ֮Ĺ߳׷ŭˡƽ˴˿˳۵ļ¶һ
뿮֮߷߲ƽ̫ǸˣȻôƲǣ
ǵô򣬴ķڷҲһͷϢ˵һʵڲǾһ֣ƨ֪Щ
ųûзҲģ˭Ҳܲ˱ˡ
ķڷһŷ뿮֪֮ǵıж٣ıж٣
뿮֮һʱ
Ц˵ʲôƲĹͺǰƵһ
뿮֮
䣺սսȡǾлڲ٣ж٣ֻһֲˣʱʲôʮʿƾǣӮһˣλεʾˣĹĻڲΪ壿
ҲԶԣǲˡֲܳɱòҪ¶棬ܱԡ
ųةһЩҴ¡
ôţҲѪˣ׼Ĺˣˣͨˣɲ
Ҫôȥˣ
ų̵һ仰˵
Ȼһʼȷʵ˵Ϻá
һɨˣʱ˵ΣЩܽǸԴ
ȥȥȥ¶
һ䣬ֱȥˡ
Ź֮ķ뿮ܻ֮ʶ䣬ټӵλȺųһû̵ʲôɫ
һ˳״˻롣ͬʱǼ仰Ҳ˵ҰģֻҪԸòѱӦ˱浽Ǹʱȷʵ޷Դ
ˣһĹ˻ϡĸ˹ҷ´ǰĶԹʱǰӣֵ¡
һųͷˣ൱
˶û˲У˹˻ϳų档˻ͷһ侲һϡʼ˵֮ǰնһֱǹĳĬ
˻УֻоһСͷʵûҪʱҲˣҪͿʼˣλкθ߼
뿮֮ɵۣҪ˼
Ҳջزмҿһεĺ̸ɲˡ
ųƲǣܳɲɵˣɲˡ
˻ϵ˵ͷųһޣΣߵǿԽųЩȥĹһ֧սĹ㵽סųϢ˵ǲ𣬷ܽ⡣˳ĹִⲻǱһ
Щɣ᲻ᡭ
̫޳ˣ
ųʣʱˣƽЩʲôĵһҪõġ
㲻ҪҲõ
һ˼ƶ̣˼ƳοǻĸˡĸֻҪܣԲҲ¡
֮ҹǱͨ
誼ѵһģҲȥˡ
óɢϢķ뿮֮׼϶ȥ¶
յĹϢ֮Ҳϵ
εĻʵ˾ͽʮ꣬ҰĲʱ򡣽ӵĹϢԣǡ
ةشͲĹĿģ
˾ͽ֮һЦʲôûһЩذˡ˵ʲôȫ֧޷ҲǺЭ飬ʱĹ̲ôⲻˡſɣ⼸յĺ̸Ҳʲô÷ضǽǷꡣ
˾ͽҲʱŵ֪ĹȺжóŪġ
شȻ֪ô
ʱѣԺϣûҪΪСַˡ
֮ĹҲ⡣أǴߵĿڴұߵĿڴġ
Сʩݡ
һ˾ͽһ׼̸ļգķһֱҲ˵ֻǼܽʵ֮Ҫġ˵֮ǣͶֻΪҪȵ󻹵ԭԭػ˶ܽͶսס
ֵ͢¶ͷʹޱȣȴŽֹ
֮ЩԷȷʵ̸಻Ӱ죬ǻɡһжĹ˵Ĺ
գҲȷʵû̸£ıòҪȼϵĴƬ
һʱҲûöҪҪתͷյĹ׼Ϣ
һδƽһĹôô¶
ǲ𣿣
ʵ۵ϳʱûסƢƿڴ
һȺҪĹ˾֮ģ·˽֪ˣǻ˼˵ĹҪؾֱ˵
ǷųЩǱǾͷģǲͼսն޳֮ҪģûôƤġ
治Ļ黹ͼˡ
İ𣺡õƫҪǻʲô͡
ҲԸأĹ治Ҫ˵ĻҲȷʵӦˡȰ˵ʿأϢˡֲҪţƤǳƤʲôʱǸͷ˵ҪϢݷһ˵Ⱥʧ˴ǮƣѾûʲôĹаˡ
ԲװױĹҲԸôɵظظ
һգľӱƤҪڱ߾ֿʼŰĹָͨƵģٴαѾССˣѾʼΧķս¡
˵Ҳ˵׼һ
©ƫҹ꣬ͷ硣
һҰһγ졣
˭ҲֹĴ̡սսȡοǻˡʵ̫ˣʱ侫ȥ̣ǳаٹٻǹаգͳһֻҪսʿͣôǶԸ⣡
Ͷĺǣ飬ȳ͢͡
ʣ
ûϢķ
鼸Ҳ͡
ʱȰ˼գϱ߾ҲϣܼƵƵڻʽ²ˣĹҲȷʵûоӦţƤҩ꣬ĶϷأͣһ¡
͵ˡ
ּգ䣬ӦĹҪ󣬲ǲʹĹ͡
ͬʱĹµҲԴ׼ӭӡʹݹ٣
л˵
ϼˣ


32  
ȡ˰
źһڹԱ̤ľפء
, ǿ⸮ˡĹԱӪʱȴзëһûС
顣Ĺ, ̤ĹľӪҲŭ, ʲô˳ۡ
һ˻ǱһὫͺӭ˾С
߽ȥųӭͷ
һſǹʱһضת, ĸо
뿮֮޵ؿ˿飬漴м, ةԭУء
ҴɨǣĵԭЩթСģʶˡ
˸Դ˸, ϲԼͬعº͡Ц⡣
ų˵λ˰
ҵҵ, ةǰŲһ
˺һǾһ㣬˵ˣųȥ誡
ͶĹλ»ʺޱȡһ», ҹעһٻ, ò˵, λٻЩ͵ġ鱾ΪԼĻһľȥ֮ŷ, »С, á, Ҳûʲôǵģ, Ǻܺ۸ӡ
һ, ȴλ», ݹ˹顣
誽ӹһͿдʵ۽ڴĻʵ¡
֮Ĺ׻ûͷ
ͷ͹誽ݸ뿮֮һ˴ղ
뿮֮ˡǵã֮ǰСʵ۸Լ˵Ҫ
һ
ϹϵĪ
ͷԣվʵڴˣô˵Ͷ͵ģ
ԭأ鲻òͷ­ǡ
뿮֮룬ǻƣŹǲʹͬͶôͬĹ飿
߬ģôأΪʲôͶѵһĲֻ֪ǣ²òͷЦŻص˼֮ĽЩʱգء
Ŷԭٰ֮ͬ
ˣˣͬҲľֻĹͬҳͬĹȻѾãԴĹȻ֡
뿮֮ˣһ·ʿһ·ãѾõˡ⻹ö˹ĺÿִ󷽣һ·ùʡ˲¶Ҫǰһ򣬻֪ҪٱءԭһΪҪսݣԭͽˣ
ųӲ磺ˣ˼ˡ
һŵ麹
뿮֮̽̽ģˣ治ˣ
һģǳĳ͡
ӴԶ׿ʶ
ˡ
һʹ죬֪Լ˵ʲôûģҪȻҲŲ䡣鳼ȻЩڱã
Ҳˡ
ͣȻҪֳʤΨбƵС̸е̸
誸ʹ˸ɫǲˡ
뿮ֱ֮ʼ˵£ҲգȻĳͣһҲšԹʤΪٻһսǹģ˵ͲܸøЩɡ
ЦˣյΣ˼ǡ
ų˻࿴һۣ漴÷뿮֮ΪƺϵһƬأС㹻
ȿȡһڲˮûȥԼǺ˸ʵ
ʢֱŭˣƺϵĵغ缸ݣҲҪ
Ͳ±ҭ
ų̲һ䣺һǰҲĳĵء
һǰôҢ˴ܿʼ𰡣ô㣬ôأ
ųЦˣĳҲˡ
ҵĻˣֱӣ˵غ̸ˣһﶼ׼ˣֱӿǣֻЩûѪԵ峼һ˵ͣˣ˭ʤ˭ս϶
ߥ誣Щǳȥˣ̫ԼսȴԸ⳥ϻĵԼǻţ
ʢɫס
Ҳƺ˵ˣǸʵһˣ˻ǻȥɡ
ɫѣضˣͿͣ
Ϳˣûü˵ʲôأɵۡ
䣬һһҵվǰ׼ǳȥ
ƣ治͵ģʢЩûףĹ¶ǮأҪ׻
ˣǳ˺̸Ҳûбİ취⻼ùҰ飿ĹɽˣСԵĿѾˣǶĲҲܶġ
һˣǾٲľء
֪ǶڵԼ뿪˼ȥ¶˾ġ
ƺϵĵʵ̫ЩΪ磬ûԱݡݡݡݡݣһݣΣ
ô¶Ϊѡ
ֵѾòˣݹãĹҲ˱ٱ
뿮֮סˣµôܹĹôһƵʿŽӼء˵ȥ˰Ǯ1000ǧţ110ǧʯˡ
һûȥüһһھһ˰գҪЩ㣬ʲô
Ȳ˵һĹĴ֪顢֪ôģ˵ʨӴ󿪿㣬ͽ޷ܣ
ͬ⣬סˣǹִˣǴ˴κ̸Ҳֻܾʹжϡ
ʱֿ˿ڣˣ԰ꡣ
ŭѹѹֱ㶵ؿ誡
誶Է뿮֮üҲǣαͱˣֱӿҪô࣬Դ
ĵСʵ˵һ˻λζһˡ
ȷʵһƽ⣺һ˰վͲˣȥ꣬ʳѹ˲֣ҲֵǮˡ
˵ʳ飬ʹǵĹӺǵ¡
誼ˣʮʯ·ʮٽأޱĲǣʼյЩٻصʿܲǳԿ࣬ˣ˵ǲǣ
˵Ķ˻ʢķӦƽƽûǰôʢˡ
һ㣬ĹҲǲϲսģ˴κ̸֮ĹݹȶͬóһǣԽĹ۹񣬶֮ó⡣
ν⣬Խڻյһʵ˰շһգҲơ򡱣ôȡĹƷĹ˰
ͶѺͳڣ÷չءȡ⣬ԶĹԺĳó̫ˡ
˵꣬صΨ㣬ϣϸǣʵڲӦҲû취ˡ
¶Īı顣
˵Ҫ̣뿮֮ڿ˵ЩټǮ̫ѨһͻһͻģŪû취ϸ˼
һ룬ĹЩҲûʲôƷͨӦҲ޷ҪǸϽ飬ؾôĲҪġ
գ黹ͬˡ
ȻǶţѾȲˣֻ˰ձͶ顣
һ£Ĺս¾ʹ徲ĹҲո˻ԱĲء
ĹӪ֮ļɫǺܺá
˵κ̸ðɣȷʵ̸ˣұһʼĹʨӴ󿪿ڣѾ̫ࣻҪ˵ðɣǿǸȡ˹˰֪һãõزڼ仹䳰ȷ֪˶ٵ
ʢɫѿܾǱˣˡ
鳤̾һ㱻ˣҲˡ
˭û˼ƤأĶ˵ɻġ
ߺյࡣ
˿Ѻû˵ȫ˵ˣǵɫǶλˡ
뿮֮ûʣӦĶҲ֪ʲôʱܶ֡
ȻԽԽã֣֮ٽˡ˵
䲻ʾزһ䣺ʥϣӲ𣿡
ǻؾ
ҪؾʰԪ
л˵
һ¿ӣȤĿȥղһ¹Ȿд˾дǸ


33  
ة๴ᰲ
֮ǰ, 誻һļܳתһȦ
ĹһȻòҲкüˣʱ, ȴѿ
ǰߴŸ֪ϦϦ, ֮ǰͷˣ֪ʱѾȥôá
Ѿ, Ĺפʱݰδܵţʵﻹǵǵ, 걾ûãʮһǵζɢøɸɾˡ
һ˳ʱ, ֻͷβߣ·Ҳɫæ˵˼̻, ģȴ̻ûˡ
ѾĹʽΪĹһݡ㶮¶Ͷⷢگ, ͶԼ¡ʳ·Ҳֳɵ, ֱӾͽӿ⸮˹, ѾݡݵİҲ֪ʱĸ, Щ
˵, ջм⸮, פ߽פ, ǿбס, ץ˻ȥ
, ٿˣ誷оԼ̫ˣҪȥ׮׮÷ġ
ڹ۲ݰ뿮֮оֻ̣й˻ƺһ̾ʣʥϵʲô
ǰһָ˰ԵķˣϲʽֻҲĹ
ųԱʱǣʱһ˭ǵԼĹˣȱ˭ӶճǰգֻҪʳǱ㣬˭ܶͷĻʵ
˻ϵ˵ͷЩ˵ĻҪЩĵ
Ѿȥˡ뿮֮誡ԭȵЩطԱǲˣһ͹ֻһʱҲɲŴӾгһЩʶĶϾ䡢ĵģǰȥݴΪ¡ѾڸˣڰҰѲ죬ҲĹµǻᡣ
誾ˡ
⻹ųŴةôͻȻ֮ôģ
ʼ̽㻹׼ʲô
ųüۣƽصûʲôѼһЩط̰ܻߡ˽֤㼰ʱ
۾һ
кðԹṴ̋٣Щ֮ٸһѰնЩ̰ٺ֮ǣŶҲ֮ʩһЩССݣݱˡ
誻һ£ݵ̼أЩ˿ùġ
ųŵͷĻѾˣ̶ͷֱӴãֳɵģҲƾ졣ճֱӿ˱ǣɱӺ֮һʥּݾڿһζƣʿũ̽Կɲμӿԣֻͨ˱١
һٸ棬жʩǺá
誾ؿһųʵصԭةҲôϸ˼
ųЦЦôҲôةࡣ
ͷЩ汾£ȻҲһֱ
誺񶮵˼ҪǰųôԴĹսºת֮ųĻԾƺ˲٣ۿɼؾˣҲٰⱳ˼Զãϼһ϶Լͨģ
ͶϵĻ誾ԼһųϾҲȱã˵Էһϲ
誼̽ǰܽҸҲ֮ܽة൱Ҳǳְة֪Ҫĸ֮ʲô
ų΢΢Ȼ֪ġ
˻Ҳų룺ĸ֮ɲԮİ
ʣ֪ƣ
ųʣǾ͵ÿʥҪʲôˡ
誰ڰ֣ҷˡ
ųͷһԡ
ʱ뿮̣ܹ֮㿴˵Ļ
˵Զ뿮֮յųǰǸղ˵ʲôˣ
˵ݵų˵ֶ꣬ŷ뿮֮֮ǰӻõǮɶȥˣ
Ȼȥˣһ̴ôãһ˲أҵ׶ҪˣһСʵԼҲ֪ÿǮ˵һ¶Ҳ֪ҸǱ߶˲ǮôͷСͷǲˡ
뿮֮˵֣꣬ôͻȻ
ųĿԶ
ҷ˵İءӻǮҲв٣Сʵ˴λؾ֮󣬻ЩҸͷǮȥɡ͢Ǯĵط࣬Ҳûɡ
ǲҲǵûġ
뵽˴ų˷뿮֮ˣ㵹Щ飬ǰ͸˹ϵ
ָ˭Զ
뿮֮ٺһЦҶǿ׼ֿ¶ʲôʱͨģ
ųһ㶡
ʲôʱͨģҲֻ֪һ·ųȴԭȵƶĹرתΪļʮӦȻ룬Сʵдǲġ
ǰĴЩˣ֤϶ҪһɼġųҲˣСʵ۲ˣҲˣǴ
ؾ֮󣬻ŵ㡣
뿮֮ûʲô˼
ų䡣
뿮֮Ҫ˺
ֻԼ¡ų
뿮֮ҲӦ£У¶ҿ϶ģͷĺˡ
˲ɫذ֮Ҳ׼ˡ
ݵ¶ʱɾеЩ˶ţһʱҲʲô誻ǲģ·ʱշ־ټһЩ֣ȥݡ
˽֮誾չطȻ˶С
ʹ֮շ²ŵԭǰտٸС󣬷׷Ҫѧ
շ»΢ǰʹɷڰգǴӦ𣿡
Դȷʵôһ£ֻǵʱæӦ䡣
շµȷǵϸܳ¶ģڽЩˡ
˵˵ȥȱˡ誸оƾȡѾüˡ
ӽգһڵٰǡ
誻س̵գ͢λڳŴ
ȻĳĸԸȺڴ˵ġͬϻǰȥʱֱ֮˭ҲĹȻܴõݡ
Ǽʮ궼δйĴսˣ
»ʸһǻʹô࣬˵ʲô˵Ĺͷʢǰ;ֻҪ»ߣ»ʳ⣬ǿ϶ܸźȿġ
ΪˣʱڳеĺѾߵδйĵزˡ
ҵȣڵȵ誡
ԪҲǰ棬誹ʱֻ֣ܾų뿮֮˸ߵù֮ǰûǴ˲һϲôôڷ
Ԫһعֻ˵Ҫȥȿᡣ
֪⳯Ҫġ
¾ȴʧ׵ļƽҲûнڿӦԡ
誻س֮ǰԪѾӦ֮ˡ
Ȼս˴˻ûվȣԪ˵ʥϣбࡣ
׼࣬£
±ƳҲɲŽة͢˶רУȨı˽ı֮£
ףȵȣ͢
誺ͿˣȻ͢ЩŹ֣ȴδôĻ˼Ͼ˿ſʵˣٴȷϣ˵ةı죬㣬ͬı
ɵУǰԪة밲Ѿãڰǰѱ֤ݣʥϹĿ
Ȼ


34  
򹴽ı
ýԾ
ֱӳǰҲûоٶ״, ֻһı췴Ѿˡ
͢Դı۵һ֮סˣ㶵ؿųһۡ
ųĿб, Ҳ
ô, Ȼ˴˲Ҳ֪ñһأ˭Ҳ֪Ϊλ״͢, ֻ͢Լ֪˭ָʾܲóµֻų, ƽʱǲ£ڳв֪жٶĿ
ų֮䣬˵ֻ͢벻ͨ, ųΪλôųˣǰһֱ², Ϊδ˴ȴ
ԪҲû뵽Ϊζһְ֮ȴܵľ͢û뵽ǣȻ״ͼı
Ҫֹ֪Ԯ֮ǰ, Ԫ¶ʮС, ҲƶԼδ¶, ֪͢Ĺϵ£ʵ̫ͻȻԪ֮, һʱ˸Ӧԡ
͢ڳһΪ, ñվֱ档
齪ԣةΪټʮ, ¾, Ϊ, ǳĿõ¡ɿɲҪΪһ֮˽, ܸ˺ˡ
˵ķɷһ䣺Ŀã۾ǳԼϵģҲԼ뿴ģ֪Լľȫòأ֪֪治֪ģ¹֤ݶûóվһֱӸ¹ٶϤά֪ĻΪةֵء
ЩȻǱȲġ
ǲ֤ݾͶˡһǲ֪治֪װ֪ˡ
ҽ֤ó˵
Ҳաһӣóš
һŸ˿ǰǰةδĳȥһţδȷʵةּλǲţ˵ȶԡԣʱ̫ӵʥۣϲΪι֮Ҳҳ֮ԣֽɽл֣֮㣬ơ
͢һ
ţ鷿ͷʱȷʵԪ㣬ǵĲ̣ЩʱżĳȥɺȻй£ǧ誣£ҲҪס
͢ӦˣҲûٽдżĳȥֻǳ֮⣬ȫˡգۼһ⡣
ûյ䵽˷У͢ĵһͷǣ
Цһةƽʥ϶άΪĹĴأԭҲǴһߣ˳ʵѾıĴˡةȻʸһȾƹճӸĹӢⰲôãֵȻʡʥϣ
ᵽȻʣ͢һʹ
ֲԼдôȻʣȻʶ˲塣
Ԫŭ⣺ݵúԣӲ֪£
뿮֮ųһۣҪҧˣ
ðϲһˡ
׵Ѿ׵òˣֻǻвԸʵġǰ鿴ȴ֣ȷةּةͬŶ꣬ȻּϴǽԲţةΪλУ
ʵúáʵһδĳȥţҲ֪ةĴ󷢣мʲô£ֻĹСΪʲôõţҲΪ¹ٲةзģԲǰȥѲˣһУ
ƣ˽լȼù·Ҳ˼˵ڣ
뿮֮ɼԼίʵı˼УΪıﳼкβ˼ģԴжԴӵķ򣬶ԴСҲжԴС˵ֶΣȲӣֻС˴˵𣬽ˣôһıﳼѣǺξİ
ҭסˣǿµĲϲ¡
뿮֮Цʣˣةͬǰɣǳ
˲ʳǷֱҲһܶáе㲻ؿһ͢˵Щʲôܾܲôɡ
滹ЩҲʼ͢硣
ﻹǲԸ͢ıôĹһΪˣôı
͢ȴһԲ
û»ᱻɼȻ˳;Բˡ
ˣ͢ҲԼϣźŸԼ
ˣˣ㵹˵仰ѽ
㵹˵ʲô뿮֮ˣóǷžдģӹɣҲ޻˵ةĹɲֹһ׮˵ĳְǰ֡Ů꣬밲Ӷ»ԼǳˣǴϹͷŽʦضˡ
誱һҲ𾪡
͢ǽ̹ԭ͢ϲһЩԭϲľЩձֵЩ뾭ѵжʱ䣬ԭԸųѧҲԸ׽͢
͢ͲϲųԭϲŹء
͢ıһΪ̲ɼԶ»ʵ۲ŴĵʧһΪة֮֡
ҲͨɡȻ誴֮һֱҲûôι͢Ǳų誺ôƽǿЩģ˭֪ĶУ
ة࣬һڿ˼ջһڿ˼ıλεºܰةศ
Ц͢ة࣬Ǽ٣
͢ǰһ˳΢δΣ֮¡
ֻԼΪԵ飬ѡԼΪԵѡڴ֮ǰȷʵʺϵʵۡ
û
誷̣һδΣ֮£㣬밲ıĹͷЩǻߵߵĸĹǻĸĹأ⻼δǣǵĹò磬ǲ֪ĹҵжҪһѻǰɣ
΢ֻıĹĳðȡ͢ȻԼˡ
бųѳ֣ʵ۵ҲµµΪֻΪ˽ɽ𢿼ǣŲò
誼˵ôûʣ֪ЩûãתȻʴ㲻ЩȣȻ븮ڴչһҹѣίΡ㵹ãΪһ˽Ϊνةͷһ涼ˣӵܡҾȥˣ
͢ƽϳѺۣûУ
誷侲Ȼ࣬Ȼĵ㲻Ϊ˹ڻ£Ϊة֮ᰲͼı
޴ģ
㣬ŵ³֮ࣿ
͢ƿԡ
ˣ誳ʧһ䣺СƾʵСˡ㵱࣬ҲȲŴˣֲȻصĲ㡣
͢ɫʱһߣ꣬ɫֽף촽£Ҳ˵һ֡
ȲųôܱȲų
ѵȻҲô룿
ʱһˣһһ仰͹ˡ͢ôһֱãԼ࣬ųøáô꣬ȴôһۡ
׷񶨣˵һĲֵ
Ѿ뿴ˣ͢ԪΡ
ԪæʥϣԩģҲ֪һδĳȥţ
ԩԩȥһ¾֪ˡ¹˵үڸһסǶҲûʲôô罻볯͢ˡ뿮֮һھе
ѳһףıͳʵˡ
Ԫ֪еûУֻҪһѾûҲܸ
Υ飬Ҫ֤ݿ̫ˣ
֮λ޴ǣæʥϣҪЩС˵ĲԡȻֵܣзģ
¹˰֣Ǯȥ̣Ըһ䣺ǰһģǲıġ
Цˣ¹¶ûأﻹһҵš
¹ˣҼң밲ûϵ
ûв֪ҵĹĳȴͬǳֻ׸룬ǰ֮ͨá
¶˵йء
ԴӴСеֻ֪׸£һֱڸֻ׸򲻸ˣؾ֮ǰصˡ
ǰĻģ˵̻ؾóڹжජЩ˵ֽ꣬Ŵ˿һ顣
֮⣬λЩӻ˶෬ڵλүЩɻ䰲һ£˰ж֣׼ȡү
ܣ
¹Ԫͬ
һ벻ǣץһ˵ˣ˴Σ¼̴ȥҲѲ飡Υɱۣ
¹ֱȥʱһãȻ
ԩģǸıԩģʥϣҰ
л˵
Ҫϰˣоܡ
֮ǰӵ顣ģһӣһVҪ𡣽Vʵ̫ˣȵϼӣüһֱ70౾_(:١)_ˣһˮûС


35 ն 
Ԫնʾڡ
͢׽ò¾ôˡ
ȥ֮, δĳ㲻Դ˶Ϊɣ͢顣͢Щͬͬš
ô, ͢ةɲǰġõ˲
Щ˵˵ȥҲֻһ۵ûж, ɱˣûмĳȥţ˵з⣿밲ãҲùڰĹ£
֮ܶ, ة϶޹ġ
⻰ɾ͵˰֧ˡıĴҪ, ǽϲ˵Ҳϵı¼ⲻŰȻ͢޹, ôΪβܣ
˵ǷŻ͢ıأҰǸ͢
, վһϵˣʹ˷˵ԼŵԩģΨһһԩĳ¹ûһ˵
һǳ¹ҡһŮ޵ʼҵ, 䲻ľôһ֣֮
ֵ˻, Ʋ, Ʃ纫ġ͢ϵһ׺񣬵Ҳһ仰δ˵
ǰ˵վ˵䡣ɽʱͬ, ųδ˵, ɺҲ֪ʲô̬ȡš롢誺ͷһվ, ⳯˭˵, Ҳˡ
, ġģ, Ҳƿųһɴ󳼣Ļʵۣôң
ĵȲϣΪ֪ѾˣѾǴǰǸ»ˡźǣЩ͢Ԫ˲ûʶһ㣬Ȼòɿ
調ýζҰЩ˶ˣСϡ
һѹӣܵ
ɳɣı˵ģ
ǰû֧֣򲻹ЩʿҲ֮ǰԼȣ˵һΨΨŵŵͶڲһˣѾͶˣʱֲʲôˮóʱԪһ¡
һ糯ôؽˡ
³֮󣬷뿮֮һֱų󣬶ʹƨ
˰ҲӦϸһȴųѹߣة࣬ʲôأ
ųŵȺˣ̧̧°ͣ͢˵ǽᵳӪ˽ʵԼɡҪϼմ״ʣĶͬ磻ǴüɽԺģͬ㶼ϹϵֻҪ˳ۣҲͬšƫƫЩ˻ͳʼһף黳ȣҾǿЦ
뿮֮м˶ǺͿ͸ܿЩ
֮ǰȷʵ̰̰һ͢Ǹαӣǵװһػµģʮֿɶ
ǳ׷ˡ⻹ǰֻ˵͢в֮ģһΪ˵أû뵽֤ݡҪһţǻûˡ
뿮֮ԼҲֵ֣Ĳų͢ż飬ϾةܡֵǡôҪһţ͢ôûĳȥأǻôҪȻҲѵǡķԼĲԣ
ķôܣų̨֣ףһ·£̫áֻûüĳȥʱˡ
Ҫ˵˭˽͢ǱȻųˣˣҪӻϲ˳³򣬿ɲԵ޹дţáܴʥϵĴȻûʵôΪɽĽڽżĸԪһȫԼ棬ҲԼԪͬͬˣԪ顣
أԱߺȻ߹һˡ
䡣
˼Լֹͬס
˴кϾһ·ӵģΪһ鹲¹ͽնԹһʹ
뿮֮ȿڣ̬ư˰նһˡ
ĵػһƳΪʥϰ¶ΪΪǣ
ɱ飬ǻԸ㳶Ϲϵء뿮֮һˣԶЩ
˦䣺ã
⣡
˵첽뿪
뿮֮߷߲ƽʲôӣ
ųҲˣҲӿ˲ӣϽ뿪
뿮ֲ֮ܣҪɶء߻ʵԶģܲѳЩ뿮֮ҲȷѾ׼ˣұġһ٣ʱȫȥԪϡ
оߵĸۡҲøϽΧסһֻӬܸˡʱطŶʲôԽľͷʲôԽġ㣬ԪʮҲ˵塣
Ƿ뿮֮Ҫİ취ʵԪҲСģûиʲô֤ݣҽ췴֤ݱǷˡ֮ܰԪ˳ΣΪǳ䲻⡣ûиԷ׼ʱ䡣һΣɾûĺˡҺͷǲЩУǲܷڡ
ǱҲͷۣǶ˵ˡ
ǵİҲ¹رΧסʵҲ⡣
һ磬˵ͷ¶ˡ
һΣεԼǸˡʱһ䣬ʶʣǱûе֣
ʲôʱǣʵͷȻ˺öʵΧסˣѹ
ᶸȻѡ
ϵǸα׵ԺæȻԼѾϽסˡ
ǰչȴЩŵϲ
ʱòáǳ˴£ǾԲᾪһλġ
ЦվԭأһģŹôˣʲô᣿
ūҲϣᣬӦˡﻹ֪أ˽յ棬״밲ͨı֤ݶҵˣ˵һֻ׸룬ֻ׸Ͻصһš
ɴ۾
ﲻţֲֺ֣ġŵϲЦеģ˵Ļǵһ˳ģ䣬֪ˣ
ʧͣģⶨα֤Ҫ£
ϧǼˡ
ĥһѹѾѵĲˡʵֻôطƽʱҲСģûѳʲôѹ鱾߸ʽǷѾ֤ˡҪǶԸֻҪһط
ŵϲҴһ񣺡ϸʵдϼհɡǷԩʥ϶ֻعҷġ
Ҫȥ֡
ŵϲ˵ģִԲЦˣĪҪʥϵɵӡ
һʱס
Ǽ˾ܲܳԣʥһ󲻾¶ţ֪𣿡

Ϊ̫Ϊλ
зɣԼǰԹʱһֱãТ˳̫
ԭ̫ģ
ŵϲ˫üһˣ
Ȼҡô˵鲻誾ͻˣΪʲôһֱ̲г֮ǰԼ˵Щ֪Լ밲ĹϵǷ׵䣡
ŵϲǿһĽһ䣺ʥ˵ʼ֮ǰ׮¶ĻҲ޷ǲģ뿴ǷȽᡣҲˡ
ˣֱײǳʹͣ¡
ܲʵ
أ׷ʡ
ŵϲҡҡͷµҪõĵǳ¹үû¶̯ôһѱඡ
һƬ졣
ˣȻû뵽
ôˣʲôûУҵȥ¡
Ϊ֮ɡŵϲҡͷûѾʼ˵ԻĳᣬֱѾȥˡ
ͬʱͬڹҼݡ
漰ıһ£еѲǲٵġ
ţȴѳ˸С⡣һˣ
ʵʱŷһұ˾Ҳûҵ
뿮֮ų֪֮誡
ڹһˣҲζʲôҶ֪
ǽϻҲĻֻǸǰȥȱˡ
ôľӣֱӹϾĻҲֵĺܡ
١
Щ϶Ϊ˾ԪġԪûı⿿ſ϶ǲɵġ˵ЩǻôȥУô£
һЩ˹ǵصס
ų˼ãȻʥϣϲϣҡ
һ
ҪֱɱԪ
ɱûɱˡ
誳ɣҲ֪ȥ˶ãֹͣٴ۾ĿᶨƽȣȥıңоǰѳΪ֤ҹֱնף°ͷ­ٰգЧȡ
ųοЦһ£ԡ
Щ빥Ϊ˾Ȱ͸ˣװףͷ­ڳǽϣǵʿŻ֪ܾѶ
νȻҲࡣ
л˵
ˡ
ÿ춼µģһЩ_(:١)_


36 ׼ 
ɱӺ
һ, ϣԪôϢûˡ
ǰεȷ⣬εԺ, ʱҲȼ
Ԫ֮ǰû뵽, 誾ȻôģҲԼô׵ˣ
ﻮô꣬ʮ㿪ʼ£, ȥ֮־Ĳ֣£͢, óɹ̫
һжһ˳ԪΪֻҪٸһλ, ȡ֮ϻʵ۵ıʵ۱߾֮, ܵΪܵҲǵӣȵͷԣе, ʺʵ۵ˣ
˭֪, ƻһж˴ˡ
Ԫ۾, Ŀ
벻ͨΪλҶ֣ǿš誡ģ֪Ǹ, ƽصıǹ顣ҲΪ, Ż޼ɵ
ԪʵҲû˭, ֪, ŵǸֶ, ϱ, ⱲȴѾػһˡ
ɵɱǲµġ
ֻɱ֮ҲЩԽܣóһʱ䶼޷Լĺˣ⻹ƽһɱˡθפٻֲͬʱûйôѹ£ɱĹˣԭ塣Ҫǣµ
ɱˣӹɡ޷̵ǣԼ᲻ڲ֪кʱΪһ壬һķ⽨ϣԼгһձ
̲࣬¬̤ɫ˸ҵڵ誡
誼֪Ԫˡ
˾¬￴ġ
죬ȴʲôû˵˷ΣһȥƵһ䣺ߵʱ򣬿˵Щʲô
¬ˡ
˵޷
¬˳誣ŵ˵Լ޹һеıة࣬ǹα֤ԼΪľ֮ĹϵΨһˣΪһ˶
Цֹǰ䣬ǰͬˣʣ˵Щʲôһ˵
˵Ȼһĸֵͬܣ塣ѪԵϵǶϲ˵ģɱ֮кȥȻʣ
ľأ
ûˡ¬Լࡣ
ûˣ
¬϶ص˵ͷ
ʵӦеģûԪ˵꣬¬䣬Դ
¬ҲĵԪûʲô𣬵ȻʣȻԪȷҵȻʥ϶ѾͷˣҲʵڲЩϻһ˵ʱ˱ʷòʧˣֱһ
ͷûˣô˵
ڰ᲻ĿǸʲôϵأ
¬ź֣һӵ͵誸ǰ
誺ȻֲԤУǡ
¬˵ͷʥϹĿ
誸Ż£Ͻ̧֣óȥóȥ޲ˣ
ûŰôܿɱԪ˵ǷǳףҪ׼ġ
ΪЩ£һ϶û˯áʵҲֻΪɱˣΪǱߵıʡԪֵĹ˲ھǣ
˴λؾֻһЩ˸׽סˣͷ۵Щû
⻹ҪҪǣǻһӡЩΪԪħˣֱӵСΪۣȻһǿʮıȺںôҪ̸ף
ԽԽͷۣԽͷ۲Խ˯šֻһҹ£˯ŵ˿ɶȥˡ
ڶգǰտͷҵ׼ŵöܹ֡
ֺ£᲻ò֣һ߹һۡ
ͷһֽдŴ˭Եαڳǽϡһղʶ֣ʶֵһʮʮ٣̶һʱ䣬ǰձ㶼ˣıʧܣնʾڡ
۷׷ף
ʥϵɣҲɱ
ıûʥּдˣ֤ȷ䣬βɱ
ᣬô벻Ҫıأ
뻹ǵĻˣѪգ³嶯Ǻⲻת۾ûˣȷʵֿϧġ
۴˷Ǵ඼Ǹ̾벻ͨȴûж˾ɱʲôԡϾλ»ʿǴǴһʵʤ̡ˣǶûָԣ̣һոݣ
ʥϱײԶˡ
㲻ûıʧˣ˭
ͬھаգаٹٶԴ
һֱͷƤ飬ֺ¡Щ֮ǰ氲͢ģ֪׼ڳǽ֮󣬱ԼԴҪסˡ
˭뵽ʥϾȻĸɱѽ⵱ϵĺݾʥϵֱʣةࡣ
ةҲĪġǸһʥԸôôմȥһˣôˣ͢Ҫ췴ˣȴگˣ˵¶
ͷҲֻг¹Դֽкˡ
͢صòԶ̧ͷܿ˴ˡհͷ¹ȻûĿãҲЩġ
¹ֻôģôһ˾ˡò׾ҪΪɣһ¥𣿽ڱ˵ˣһܱס
һգ¹ʱ޿̲нΪģΪܿġ
Ϊע˹һ£¹ҲǻȥˡԪǸǴˣи͢ڶأ¹żŸ·ŭŽͷ֮ߣ
⺦˵ڹ˿ˣĺðĴģҲһȥĹһ飬Ȫ·Ҳи飡
ǰǵģңҿǵ˰˱ӵѪùˣڹ˳ϹϵùҲնˣŹǵģǸҵţ
͢Ŀԡ
ҲþòƽԪˣǾûзĻˣһĳ׵ס
һգ͢һֱ룬ǲˣԼҲ֪
ͷΪֵ÷зʵȻҲ֪ˡ˵֮£誹һк˵²ųᡣ
ֻڸ֪ᰲ֮󣬳ãȻƬ̣Ȼ³һѪ
һѱסˣôˣɱūѽ
һһ٣ؾסѣͰһԵò԰ףǱµ壬ôң
ҵıڸѳ֤ˣ֤ɽǵģ˵ʱҲſǻ˵ǼٵģϾͿʼ¡ݺĵûôĶΪʲôͲأ
α֤Сģܻ¶ôԵῴҲ׼һӾ֪ݺ
ŽţͱЩˡʥδǣǾ͸ոˡ㲻ԼôҲһ¹үɻδų
۾۽ǻһᡣ
ЩԹ䵽زΪ˭⣬ʥҲòҲԶڰ֮ϣȰҪᣬʣиõģôͷ׼أ
΢΢ҡͷ㲻
һӶΨΨŵŵһľͷˣΨԪϣþԼ
ˣܷأ
ް
Լûտ誣Ԫ϶δؾʱǱôദĻᡣȴΪ˵ļ֮Աģڲ鵽Ǹ֮ܳ󣬸ǶԪֵ˲ɢ
Ҫ֪ˣġˣٺڶûˣҲزˡ
˾ôûˡ
յԹɢоֻʣ¶˵İ⣬誵һǻ⡣
ѵǾô
ǻи𣿣ǻлᡣ
漴һ£һҪ£Ǹæ죡Щס֣
л˵
ΪʲôӰأΪǽ쿪һĻᣬϻ࿪СʱΪûԣ֪ʲôʱܻء
⵱ȻҲŵĻᡣΪģȥԱʼǣøдŸ娓_


37 ¶ 
޹Сӡ
, Ԫһױǳҹߡ
Դӵ֪үıץ֮⼸λĸ׼¾, ȳԪ
ûж¾λСʵۡǵرж٣, һүҲͬǷʮıԸǰҷǴ´ġ
սȻ, ѳ֮ŭν֤ȷýֺͷһҲ֪α֤, Ϊ¸ܷ
үһСĽھͷδ͸¶, ôҲδ¶ߣôܻڸв˵Ȼɶ, ǸʵֱԴΪڣǵүı
ǿ벻̣
үʹأȻʵ׵ܵܣʥϵ塣֮, ίдһ, үΣձһաδ, ȷˣҲûбİ취, ¾үгʲô, ʱڶˡҪ, Ƿı, Ҳܲסˡؾүڴ, ҲͬǴ˾ٵġ
һȺĦȭ, ɾǼ׼ʱǰִϢүѾˣ׼񻹹ھǶĳǽϣ
Ԫĸ󽫽֮˵ӣ˵ȴ¿ɲ˵Ӻδģ
һָͷĹӻˣͷҵġ
֮һƿˣ
ڵϹһȦͣ£ҲҾֱӴӵ˸ˡ
½ȥ֮󣬼أǽһ˪һҲ˲ñģæλ񣬲⼸յ龡֪
һ·֪˶ƥ˶ٵӱƴһΪľո֪¡үĸ޹ҵĹһظ״ǹʵ۵Ǻĵ˼㣬ץү㣬Ȼҹɱүүͷ­ҵ˳ǽϣүǰǺεȽ֮ˣܵίλǿҪү𰡣үĿ
֮ȻŴ£һʱǶ֪ȥĶˡ
޹үˣǾԲ˵ѵġȻðôǾ˵үûˡ
ôܣ֮ʿܲˡúõһˣô˵ûûأǻүıȵȴجġ
ĻʵۣȻҶԼ֣ĩˣǽ֮һ䡣
鶼Ѿزˣ˵ΣҪǸϽһӣʣ¾ʿӦδŰɣ
޹ҡҡͷʱӦ֪ģҪ˶ϢӾǴ
֮˾̷Ϣþʿ֪үѶ
ʣǾǻҪȥ𣿡
ȥ֮ҧԹʿΪ֪үǲ˴ѣܴ裬ԵΪүֻһһӢô˴裿֪ȫչǡǹʵۼȻɱˣ͸֪ɱ˵ĺʵ۵λñ͸үģûˣҲүλ
ڽ֮誾ͲǸλϡ
һ˾ǣүϢסûүʿԸһ򾩳ǣ
ԪڣȻÿЩ֦ĩڣү㲻ˣֻҪû֪ɱû˿ʬ壬ôҲԵүУǰȥȡڣүڵĿܶˡ
ǽͷҵǸλε׼֤
һ˧ûˣжٵսǾʮٳ£ҲδǾǰ˵Ķ֡ԭѾɢˣûĹǣӮ̸ף
ɹʵ۲ܲɱ֮ŴΪŭ΢΢ȶҲֱ֪ӽУȴԪһ¸Ūȫޡ˿ֻʣ¸֣ˣӵСΪ
ˣˡ֮أʹһ̴ٵľ
ʱһСͷ˹ɫҴңš
֮Ϊү£ٸҴţһ
ԷȴˣСûˣ
ʲô֮͵شֱ˵ǰһ󾢷磬㷽˵ʲô
СֻǽɫˣΡΡһ䣺ﴫϢ˵Сӱ˶Ѿˡ
Ҫң
֮ͻȻͣס񱻶ԭһɫҲɲǼɻɫ
ã΢΢һ㣬ȴ彣ǼȥʣµھУôй¶ȥ˸ۣɱۣ
˵֮꣬ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ߵüѣÿһھ·һүûˣΨһҲûˡ֪֮үҪȫû
Ҳ졣ôɺϵأүճ⣬СתͷͶˡȻ˴˵Ҳ֪ǾǸʵŪáû˻˺ģһӶŹ
ˣһ˿ˣҪ°ֶĹʵۣ
˿̰Ѿַ졣
֮űǰʱ򣬸Ѿסˣ׽Ǹ¶ˡ
ֻһֱԼ޹֮󣬳ķҡ
ֱ֮ŵû
±˳µؽ˽֮ϡ
ֱ֮ӽ˰Ƥ룬Զ̺Ǹ˾ܲסֱйˡ
벻С֮Ȼǹʵ۶֣Ϊүͷǳķծ
Ȼ޵ҧүүΨһҲ֡
֮ʣСԩ޳Ϊζ֣
˳һ£ڽ֮壬ʵ˵ǡΪ֪Сܳ裬ʡ
ؿڣˣһӶŹ
Ѿүģô֪㡣
УŹŮˣ
ǧ֮⡣
ʵеĳҲΪ˵ϢȵᡣȻһأɳȥ˶޹ʵδȥ
Ҳֱʱ᷽ף誶󹬵İѳжֻ߲誣һ򲻰Щ飬ŵϲ
һ򣬱ɱ󹬲ҡ
Ц誳Ϊ˹ͬϵʱ˼ɡֻЩѱ˿Уֻǰסˡ
δյϢȴ͵õŶ
뿮֮͸ϲƵģһ·С˹誣ͰͰ͵ؽĺ·
û뵽λﻹܰĺ£
Ҳ÷˼
Ҳһ£û뵽˵Ч
һӳģɳô˵¶¶ˣǸˡ
ô˵Ǹһĸ֮Դһ֮еͱ˳ˡЩģɡ
Ǵڻеġѵתˣ
誺ɵؿŷ뿮֮Դһ˳֮һв˳
ѲһǸ
뿮֮޲Ȼǲս֮ĿֵУһʵʥϣǵСӶûˣΣ
뿮֮س誣뿴᲻ʲôگķӡ
ֱӵȻֱɴǰѾˡ
뿮֮ˣ͸ô죡ڿʼɱˣĹɽɱӣڱӣȻʱӣǿˣ
ãɵҲ֪ת˲Ϊ誰һּۣһ䣺߲ɱ
뿮֮
ðɣСʵۻԭСʵۡ
л˵
Ӱ඼Ϊᣬ쿪һᣬ쿪˰ĻᣬǶˡ


38  
򱻻ɵĽ֮
, ǰǡ
誵˼һЩ֡ˣ˵ʮʿԪ, СҲж, ʮ俴Ǹˡ
һУһƿ
ǹ˻ϡ
˻ǰ֪ʲô˼, Ǿֱӿ͢񵱳Ԫһ
˻ϸ͢ٲ, ׻׸ӣھǣ˵δ̡̫ȻûҪ͢, Ҳô͸¶ҪŹ͢˼ԻǴӦС
ڼù͢Ӧ, ¹СŲˬզȻǼˡʲôʱųܷܲų˵ɡ

һٰ֧ǽѾ, ոǡ
, ĵ˴ֲ, ͵ٶȱǡԴӰ췴ץ֮Ѿ׼, ʱѾ¾㱸, ֻյִǡһ·ע̫, ν, Ƥ, ϰָǿȵо, ˻ϲһϸƤģǴģ
뿪ǵʱ仹Ҫ˵ʵûҪһ
˻ϵھҲû˼ֻ񣬲ܵԶԶģͼ徲
⣬Щԣҹ㣿
˻֮⣬Ժ׮¡
ǰһգưܲŴȻһλ
߸ϵĸҲɥ֮ȮһǱЦǣѾ᧿ΣˣĸʱԾһ߸ϵģ˶ûһе̬ȡ
һԹ˻Ϻ֮ǣ޲ó֮졣Ҳҵͷ˵ǹ޷ǾһĿġù˻ǰ͢顣
֮ʥϸǰ¶Ҳ㸸׵ơ㸸ԩ㲻пͷ죡
˻ѾԼʱʲôˣֻ뵽λ˴ǰϼʹ࣬˻ϱ㲻ٶ࿴һۡ
ֱӹţ˳ȥ
һأĸ˺ôίһһʲôųˡǽҲǡ
˻ûһҲֻܻˡ
ô꣬һ˹⣬ȻܲˣҪǱ˿Ǳɨسţҵ񲻸ˣ˻Ҳ֪ھǵĻĸȻŹ͢ͼı񼫣ֻҪûԼͲð
ǹ˻ϱˣͼ徻ڻؾ֮͢᲻ͷأҲֻˡ˴£Ȼ͵óеǰƽµʱ˰жд̣⣬ôõ£ܲµı˶ռˡ
ҵ»ΣҪĻǵʮѾ˻䣺˾ãΣ
ڲ˵Ҫ˶ùƾˡȵϢȥıضȡ
˻ֳͷӦÿЩ¡
תͷô
ǾҪةǿˡ
ȤֵУ˵˵

һ˻ûеִǣ·ϴָѾȵһˡ
УѾ֪ٴý֮ˡ
֮Ҳ֪սپĵγүأʮٰͦǣڼǳʲôʲô
ЩҪǰ׼ţҪٳ֮ҲæһͷʵǵıͲֻܰʸ롣ʱ˾ǣԸ߹ٺ»գͲŻ˲ġˣѾѾ졣
˵լһ֣ǾӪͷЩһŲ֪ģԪͬһ㣬Ҳ󰮸˵һ򵥸ɴ¡ɵڻ˽֮Ը뾩Ԫ֮⣬벻ԭΪ飬ϸ֮ʩѹ
֮п˵
ò׵ȵѾȫﱸˣкȻ춯
ͬ˵µʱ򣬽֮ԣæϻؾӪ
ȻʱѾˣӪ泹ֿ
Ҳ֪ϢǴ˭й¶ȥģ˶֪Ѿնˣͷ­ڳǽϣձȡЦҲͰˣ˵ˣСҲжˡ
Щ鱾ӦôȴΪ֮˿ŵǵڶڹ̿Ĳ˵ˣˣǻʲô
ڴСӵ֮һѲ˸ϵ⼸үĸ󽫣үûˣҲĻһ˵үһСҲˣȨ˭УԶ
漰Ȩ֮ٲҪѪɱˡ
үܱѳ֮͢Щѱᱳү
֮֮Щһ죬޲Щ˵Դһǲǽ
ʣҥԾ˭ģֻҲţأ
ɵЩСȴܲôˣֱӽΧס˵ЩеûģֱӸǣүǲǱնˣ
֮ɫޱȡ
ģʲô׵أԭүѾûˡ
˰أĵԭЩģûȡ֮˼֮αأ
ʱ£
֪֮ȥлǰˡ
ǰǾȻôãʣСǲҲûˣ
֮һ󣬲ȷ˭й¶Ϣ
ˡһСв͸ǽûǻסү֮»ʸɵġСжܸøһɡ
Ǽͬү£Ϊδֻ֪ȴڹ
˵ЩӴѲɻֱӴ򵽾ȥѶСӵѶҿͼСˣǲǵýһүˣ
СôûģõҲ֪˭ֽţǱߵɱүôݵСӣ
ǿδأ˭֪ĸݲµأ
֮ؿڷǡ
ȺҲ֪Ǳ˭ˣȽҪͷܾģԼڧ֣˾Ⱥ˵»
ЦүѾûˣ̸ξģǴǰү˭𣿡
Ҳ䣿ڳ˲Լͬš
֮ʲôҰʱһǿ϶ģ˿϶Ϣǽˡ
ǶûˣǾҲû·ˡ֪飬ʶ˽֮ıơ
Ҫȥ⾩ǲȥġ
֮ŭүǲҲүĿ
ǴǲСθү˵⣬ֲǵģǳʱȴǶǰͷ
ҪδսȽ
ǲò͢ԸĻֲǲ˵İʦס͢ƾʲôҿ¾ôˡүѾûˣܲܽʮֵҲһɡһ⣬Ҫȥȥҵǲȥġ
˵գ˾ߡ
ֱ֮ӳ齣ѹϣһӿ㣡
㿳ң˾Ӫʮʿ𣿡ʡ
˸նţ˭Ҳ˭
鵽˽ز˷Ѿûб·ˣǾ͵øһȥ򾩳һ·˭ҲԸֻ
֮Ŀ⻬ڳÿˡ
ǵϿη塢ɸִĲ룬̣Ҳǰ״
ǰǵԴǴܰסˣ
Σ֮˽þˣ߰ɡ
Щ˱ǴȥǣҲûʲôΪ
ү飬վǲܿǡһȺױ䣬Ǵһʱ䣬ֻ֮ÿЦЦĲǱˣԼڼӢţү֮ʿܲסһͷǸЦ
ɽ֮Цˡ
Ϊ磬͢ľӾ͵ˡ
Ǳ䣬Χסǣ˵ǳ͢Ѿģȴֶƽ߲ɱʥֻҪ˳͢Ƿ
Ĳľӣڵ֪͢Ҫ֮󳹵ףķѡ
ͶͶܵܣ˵ʮĴʵڳ͢£ʲôǡ
̶򣬽֮Ѿһˣֻܴ򾫱ڶɽǰ
Ҳɽϡ
㶼ѾͶ·ĵز֮ĹĻˡ
Ȼͷȴô롣֮ľǵǰɥûԣү裬Ǵһͬ˵˴˵ء
һ¶
ԹͷһɽͶÿֵý֮Ҳð
ɽ£ѾΧ˼ˣԭǵɽͶģǾȻͦš
仹ǵȲˣŻɽɡ
л˵
֮ҲǸù¹Ǹù
ҲǣǳùT^T


39  
򶼸ȥɡ
һŻɽ, ΧʿĦȭƣԾԾԣһѻ
, Ƕνʮ򾫱ǿ, ûѶһ̲ɢɳˣԪүһûжҪӲӲ˻ʹ, òʿĽ֮Ӫ֮иǸ̥
ʱ, ֻԶ֣Է㳹ķѡڽܴ֮, հǰ˺󣬻ûһѸ, ûʲô˼ΨзŻɽǱܴþˣ
⼸꣬, ɽũֵȮ, ӲֱӶѷɽµ, ÷ʿŻ
Ҫƴһ, һ, Ʋɵ
Ũ̴ɽӶ, Ű, ûþ͵ȼ˴Ƭɽ֡
, ѸϮɽ
˻Ͽл, չ֮󣬸ľ񻹵ƺýٸһЩպƼѡ
ɽУ֮Ҳ̫
ƵΣҪʵ̫ǺˣٲֻǶûɽСɽıͱڣôˣҪǶȥɡƴѡ·ֻ»ûɽԼˤð
ƤģһŮܾˤ
֮Űȴܲˡ
ŻƽٲɽǾͻᱻҲסˣ֮ͷһʣ񻹲ɽǻɽУ
֮ͣɽȫǳ͢ıȥͻᱻΧס
ղȥѲӹɽѾ˹ֻ֡Ҫ¶ͷ
ŭ⣺ˣҲɽȫûʹ졣
ȥҲֻܱ˰װɽлһڡ
ҪڲҪǰɣ
ֹ֮ɷܲս
Խ֮Ĳ˿Ѿ۷塣һŵʱܹί
үʱý֮Ͻǡӱ˶ִϽ˵ǴӦĺúõģȴôʱ䡣һҲڱ˲ƣ䵽ز
סرԹ˵˵ȥǲãүʱǽһ컨׹ʲôã͢ʿһĺ޷֮һȺͰ
֮ŽΪͣҲΪŭѾճʺӡӡ
ȻȴǲԸŹǱ£װͶɽɽ˳͢ǼˣҲǱү֪֮𣿡
һȻ˼æȰʲôװͶֱӽ˾ǣЩ˾ɱ˶٣ͷԼԿ
ǰɽڣûգȽΣ
һͶһͶԸð
һȺ̰֮ͽֻǴһʼǾʹͶ˼ˣ˵Թ֮ԹǵýǴͷ˳û£
Ĳ룬ӭս
ڱ֮䶼ַյḷ́ƵĶЩԹֵŭһһ䣬ÿһ䶼ڽ֮ĿΡ֮쳤ЦЦԼɱ
һү𣬱ү֪֮ûǣѾ˶˼ſڡ
ƴŵһȺˣ޸м֮飬С޴ɽˣҲ·ˡ
һͷȻʲôǡ
Ī
֮Ҳ÷ֱˣ˼ãֻƽصɽɡ
ɽʲôû
ΣҶȥɡ
ҵԸԲã
֮һ̾ǲѲЩֵܻһ
νؼ
һ仰˵ѹסһʯѹǴһ۾Ϳľͷ
֮˵ҲֻȺˡ
ɽףɽɾˡ̫ˣǲ֪˶Զ·ҵһɽС
Ǿڽ֮Žʿɽ֮ʣ·ڴҪڴ˵Ⱥʱ
֮һ¶棬͢˱ֵǰ
֮սľط˵
غ󣬲ϱ˼ѵ
ˣ
֮ѭȥͼ͢λϣӸµظ
Ϊ˻ǵ¹١֮Ц
֣᲻ǵáƳһ۵ϵıˣһΪ˻ƴһ
俴ǶϺȵŮ죬Խ֮ͶһѲ֣ѵãǼ˼䣺û뵽˲ĵǸֻϧӣĹʲôأϡ𣿡
ָŵһҲԼͬصͷ֮ӣһҪȥү档
֮ܲ裺ҪɱҪУϸ㣬˸׼
Цеصˣʥ߲ɱ
֮䣬лһ˿
߲ɱЦ
ͷһҷһ񵱳˵ɽڲûգֻҪһСͺáԺ飬ﻮˡ
˵ɱȴǱѺ
֮ȼĸҪȥ˱𴦣Ǽһˡ˽֮֮⣬մȨģˡ
⣬ӣǧִС
ʱ֮Ĳٲ¶Улᣬһ
֮ЦЦǿģȻˣԼӾˡ˼Ҳûʲôˡ
ڽ֮ԼԼ޼ңǣĿɾͲһˡ
ֻ˰ʱʱ֮󣬽֮˱㱻Ѻˡ
֮󣬽֮һ۳š
ʱֵգµǸ⾲װ
һˡ
һУԪǰεһˡҲڳ͢ľӱ֮󣬼ֲһȺˡ
ôãͷǱһ򾡡
Ҳ֪˶ã֮ȱһ
ⲢҪߵ·ǽ֮ѾûĻˡ
һͷѾŹ˻Ѹٽǡ
еĻ˰գȫڹ˻ϵƿ֮¡ǵʮ˵û𣬿Ҳһֻ֣ʣʮ
˻ϸ仨չ򣬽´ɢԭȵСŶӳײ֡飬ֳʮ֧ӣÿ֧Լˡ
ʮ֧ӣ֧ǰȥոأһ֧ǣʣ֧ȥˡ
誸˻ԭõġ
ݵعϡʺֵأѾһƬֱӹȥˡ
˻ϻǵãôԸġ
ֻЩܲܣ˶ȥɱţ
ʥ˵ˣŲοҲֻ
ȤѲɻбô
˻üͷһ£ޱ³֣

ԣ˻»ָޱģһػش䡣
λʥϣ뵽ôһĺõӡ
ٰʹͷųҲھһѯ誡
ȷʵ뷨ĳԵˣǳ⡣ζѣѳԵ誳һξͲٶˡ
ֻ᲻÷⡣ð۵ճԵֻζһЩӦ֮ߡ
һζ⣬ѶةͲҪٹˡ
ųȻҲ֪Сʵ۹ִִˣֲȥɡ
С治ƽϣȴò飺ʥϣѶة¹ˣδã
л˵
Ӫget


40 Ż 
һˡ
ʰЦ, ϣʣкηӦ
һ뷽跨ȳֻ͢Ϊ, ҳͷ, ﶼ͢ջһԱ͵͵΢
ʲô
Ȼʣʥϵ׻δˡ
͢ĳ֮ףƽϲýύ, ôɲ˵˵ġЩ׼͢İ֤ǰ, ҲԷ͢ѡ
誵˵֣ǳˣЩ˶һҲҪ¡
ųڴ, ־Щܣʥһ򾡣
ʲôأɱ޹ǲǴһЩ, ﲻЩɫĹٶǷڳ͢Ҳûʲôôȼһ£л˵
ڿ϶Ƕ, ƾٻûпʼ, ǱߵĹԱ϶ǲˡǱ߶Ԫ, ҲòյݣԱİ׶ûð, þӪͷЩȶšҲǳõ, ԼҲϣȨȨϵһȥ
ȿƾٹ˵ɡ͢޴Ҳûɱ, һó͢ôԱ, ֵá͢, Ҳûлĳ, ˵Ҳ壬ƫƫһ˿壻˵ƫƫһǷǲֵ
ųһ֣Сʵʱ˻ͦ׼ġ͢ɲǷǲֵ˵ǺƺҲ˵ȥҪ˵ǻˣֻûסףʵҲֻһӹ׵ķ˰ˡʹڣһ˻Լһʥˣ̰Ĳ
ųʣɱ
ҲܵġҼȲɱҲһɡ
Щ˾ǴˣҲԭ¡
ų֪ˣĩʣǳ¹أ
誡һЩꡣ
ҲѰ죬ǸȵعТˣҪȻƾôöС
ų調գһƣʥϣﲻһŮ֮һҲ޷Ҳһ㣬ѺһӾˣ乬еȥȻɱܻҪģһһ¹Ϳǹ᲻øǮˡ
һ˵Ǯ誾߲ˡ
ôһܣĹȷʵյЩЩǮѽַнʿЩ޹Сˣôһ֣Ǯֱֵøɸɾ
˴γŲõ˰ĺôһʡ˵ǣ϶ҲܴӰǱһݣЩǮҲôҪҪʵءҪ޴ģȦҪڵİա
ʣµǮҲˣ׼ƿһ׮׮һһǮ£
ûǮĻʵˡ
ⲻһ¹Ǯ̽ӣ䶼ô˵¹Ǯ
ųĪصˣΪȻΪλ³¼ҹ
ԥɿ¹ţԸ󰡡
ųس¹ȫ˳ԽмҵףڼԽ¹̻ң£Ÿ£йűΪ˹֮⻹ճ˼иԣ¹ԼСԼһ¶᲻ãҲͶԶŮԴһ㡣ˣ¼Ů޽ʱΪЩױ˵Ҳѻá
ôף
棬ǰֻó¹٣û϶ԼҲ١
ô죬Խǿţ誾ԽǮ
˲⣬һתȽ¹ؼգҼ
ųˡ
֪ų軵ֶһžˡ
ųͷʾԼˡ
⼸գҲǵ´õĲˡ
߲ɱǸɱ˻ǵɱģɱ˾ûк֮ˡڰȺ棬ֱ˽Ѻȥ˾ǡ
ЩҲۡǸտǷʲôƵģŰһȥ᲻ԼúܡɲѺߵʱ򣬻һƵγ
Ű˵һ˺þá
⣬˻ڣ˷ֹȷûһӡҲһ鹲¹žй˻ôһڿ̫ʡˡֲʥϸصСӣʵС̫ˡ
ô۸ӵĹϵһȴʲô˳ˡ
һӰôԱҲû˭֨һԱ߿ĿɿڴС͢Ϊ˴µֶΣôųһģһչա
գǵ¶Ҳǰƽˡ
Щʿ飬ȥ˱ĵضһȥؽһȥϷֵ
ҳǮʥ˵ڹ£Թ˻ҲûʡǮ誵ˮ·˵ʥǰգ̰Ǯȫ֮񣬸誺ݺݵˢһøС
ǴССĹԱˣֻ˻Щ۵СôԱһӱߣȥ϶Ҫ¹ٲġ
˻Ҳżƾٵ£˷ȥ֮󣬿ƾѾü޵ˡ
ȴڼʲôлˣܶһһҲû¡
˻ϲ֪θͣʥϲһصġµĲĻǱ˵Ѿ׼ˡ
誵ȷ׼
ĻǶ෬׼¹׼еһ
⼸գ¹ҪƵˡ
ųҵǼ䣬ɷһԱ߹ŵǸɱն֮ǰɱ˵ַ̫̣ЩҲûҪ˻һ롣
¹￴ļƣһˡ
ֻι֮˽һͰˮǿ
֮Щɷˣһֳֳޣθͨһġ
¹ֻûǹ½үүˣ
λˣûиͨҶûΣôܻıأ
ŮͬȾ򼵶ı˰ΨһáŮ᲻֪飿
¹˿ΨһŮ̥죺ģĲ֪
ֻɶѣһٸҲıǱԩģװɶҲûôûأ
Ȼ˵ƾ¹Ǳ˽ʵʵʰһͨ
ʰǿţûգ¹羪֮ÿÿҪϰ졣
һգּ˼
¹ΪҪģûȵ߽ڽͰ͵ذͷȱˡ
ȻǼŲǰͣ
˷ڽˡ
¹ΪԼϾ͵ðᣬЩ˾ȻֱӽĽͣˣʥټ㡣
˵ֽ꣬
¹ܳ漴סԼĲӣʥټң
òİɣ
¹ǿǱԩģҸǸûжϵ
ЩŸʥ˵ɡ䲻ϻֱӰ˸
һһңĸ첲˫أֱӳ˼
¹ǻ̻̲ˡ
ˣȥ֮ǻزˣǻأš
ȥʱ򣬳¹ɥ춼ˡ
ɣĵ⻹ų
¹䣬ߵߵӭȥة࣬Ҳʥϵģ
ųĮصͷ
¹һ㶼ûˣϾڿǽةܴͲˣȻһ䣬һҲ޷¹Сѯʣة࣬ʥϴ˷ټ¹٣ν£
ų̧̧ۣʲôȻΪġ
ﰡͬİϵá
ųô
ǧȷһѻͽú¹ָ췢ġ
һųŵһɹζ̫ãǼҲò¶ļѣǸƶųܿĲ
ٰų̾
̬ȻͰ¹ǺȻҵϣة࣬ոʥϣɷ񡭡¹֧У
֧У
Ǽ¹ǱԩģҲԸΪʥТȮֻ֮ͣҪʥܸᣬұض
ųϹǰ˼ӣ⵹ҲҲˣ¶˵
˵Ҫߡ
𰡣òϣ¹Ͻţʲôֱ˵ˣܰϵɽ»Ҳʹã
ųһ£޿κһڻǰѻ͸¶˳ȥҲǿŸ㣬ʥȷʵͷһ¡ǰ˵Ŀƾ١ҲİɡȣƫƫԱʥҪ㿪ƾȡˣΡɬ
¹һ⼸һƬ
ǡҪǮţ
һͣʿˮ촽ʵ١
ųһֻ۾ƳƳҲ࣬ʥ˵ˣ˴οƾһдӼ򡣡
¹ԻһЩӼ򰡣ͦõġ
Ͼʥһ
¹ûףҧʣӼ֮󣬻٣
šһɡ
¹ؿڣӵɵϴһ᣿һ᣿ˣ


41  
ϼ޻ɵ
¹ڴù, ͷͻȻðһˣͻأĺһһ
ͷһ, ȴŵϲ
¹, ʥȥŵϲ䵭
¹Ŀ͵ؿһżֿ˿ųԥ
һ̫, ⱲҲûлôǮ
ųȴֱӽȥˡ
̬Ϊɴ, ƺ᲻ĸǮ¹ᣬҲǸȥ
˴ͷվ, һǷ뿮֮һǺġڸ˵ƾٵ, ƾҲͷһΰ죬½һͷˮôĶ죬ʲôʱҲͷÿһ, ҪǡûǮ
Ǯ, ¹
ǹ, ˶Լͬס졣
¹֪ԼĵùӾҪˣϽʥ, ΢ԩʥ졣
û, ֻǴ
˲ý
¹ЩŲס, Ҫٺһԩ, ֿ˿ڣ¹, ڿ˵Լԩ, Ů밲ȴ֤ȷ䣬ƱҲ
¹æ̧ͷʥϣ˴£ҲǱǸӺƭġָƽһֻ϶ҪʹãƢԣǰʥϷģ
Ʒ⼸ֻ֣û֮Ųգ¶ޣĹޱ㲻òɹļҷˡ󸮵ˣֻ¶ɣ
¹һú亹ֱðͶ߶µ˳¡¶
¹ţҪó֤
ģ
¹ŵû֤ǰѾų֤ݣͳײܻˡϳ¼ҵʲôѽ֮ǰ̫ΪһҰԼҶҪˣǧٳĹŮΪһɹ׵ʥҲҶ
찡ǳ¼ϱ˶ɥ飿⵽ıӦ
¹ʹһ仰˵ˡ
ȴƮƮʣʥϣᰲıﲢУ
Ȼˡ뿮֮ӵ
壿ܣ¹æͷ޲ðԼͷˣʥһ棬΢һ¶ҾȻʶʥĹ򲻸аı˼΢ôڳУûйҲпͣʥϴᷢ䣬ŹϳһСɡ
ЦЦıϳͣηڣ
⡭Ǻã¹ȹϵϣת
⻰ҪǴ𲻺ã˵Сˣ˵϶С
үô죿ȵȡ¹һ飬ǱͨζһʥϣԴ
ûʶô˵΢΢һ·ʣ㵹˵˵δ˵Ķͷ
¹ԼԴʱסˣϧ˿̰ϵԴйһСԴϡȻ᲻ûǮҲֻǮƽˣ¹ʹȥˣԸ׳һᣬʳ͢ƾ֮ã
뿮֮һӴһᣬүǮ
¹رס۾һֻҪͲʹĲǮġҵ״ûЩǮҲȻܹ̹ۣ
ʱųҲ¹ײ׵úãƿΨǮʥϣ˳¹ĻΣ
ҡͷ˶ɴ˶ı
¹æδıʥ죡
˵꣬¹Ͻųų˵ûǰϣȫةˡ
ųȻУʥϣȷʵδ֤֤¹ıͼıǳ¹޹ġ
ԣԣ¹һصͷ
Աߵĺĸ뿮֮ҲɫĹȰ䣬¹˵顣
¹ᶼҪˣ룬ڳеԵȻڡˣԶϺˣҲ֮Уû뵽뿮֮ĺڵҲ顣
˼ңǻѼ鰡
˼վǱ˵ˣ¹Ը׳Ǯƣ
¹ﻹ˵أͷ絷⣺ʥϣ΢Ը⣡
ҲգˣȥһСֻ밲һ±ϾǣҽŮ޷λˡ
¹ĸô࣬ͲɣСסС
¹Ͻߵлʶ
誻һתȥʵڴС
뿮֮ٴβ죺Ϊȴ밲ᣬǸҹ֮£ʵûߡ˲԰һȥҲʹá
¹˲ֶԷ뿮֮ͷˡ
뿮֮϶ȻˣôܽʥɱŮأȻŮͿ˵ϣͷβûʲô¹ҲûҪĿô˵ҲŮŮ
ô꣬£¹޵Ҳܷôûˡ
¹ٴߵףʥϣǧȻʷɥȻյ̫һշްնᷢ޵ķϣһɡ
뿮̲֮ˣһţʹˣȴʥԴŮʲôԼﻹû𣿾ɷͬͬ⣬°ͬͬ⣿
ųתӹˣҲô˵ġﲻһŮһ࣬һҲ١ǳ¹᲻˶һƹŷȴǡˣȫ˳¹İŮ֮ģҲȥ˵ķ飬ȫ
ư治ةࣿ¹жǳų翴ĸ
課˵뿮֮ȴԸǰ䣬Ȼԣɲɣ¹˵ɱͲɱƾʲô
¹һӱסˡ
ų֪ҿţϽʹһɫ
¹û
ųЩĴָʳָһǮĶ
¹Ȼ򣬿ɽţɫŤ
ҪѪˣոտôǮﻹãǶͷ⣬ƽʱһǮ᲻ûȴװôࣿһλڶΣܹˣ
ų΢΢ҡͷ
뿮֮ģ֪ŵëַˣǵͷ͸˵ʥϣǴͰ籰ɣ߶Ҳɡ
һ£Ȼ֮ǰⶾޣʹһƣҲ
¹סˣɱ
˵;ʹͣŵϲǰԸ׼ƣȥ
ŵϲȥ
ʯĳĳ¹ˡȻţûа취ԼŮôıȻӦãһٴһǧζΪ˭Ůأ
ã¹ΡΡؾ֣ſ˿ڣ

ͬ뿮֮һۣжֳóѵЦ⡣
ոһۣǽƾٵһ֮Ǹˡ
ͷۿƾ³̵ʱ򣬳¹ȫû֣ΪѾˡ
󣬼˳˸ʱ¹ɫ԰ףűȸոչʱҪ࣬ŲҲЩ鸡ҡҡ׹Ĳȣƺһʱܵȥ
˿ء뿮֮è޺Ӽٴȱ̬ذοһ䣺¹Ҫѽ
¹ȭͷȥҪˣҲƽ޹ʶһǮǰǰᣬĶڵѪ
ųס¹ҲƽйζүҿģһС¾ˡ
һ仰ó¹Ҳﲻסֱʡǿˣֻ⳯ųģ


42 ʥּ׽棩 
ƿԡ
ϻس, һѾһˣȳ¹ٴλ˹ֻû
ܻ, ų˻غ˽Ӵظ, Ȼ¹ϰʱǿظ
ʱǱ, ŵС˷ֱ˺ðҲû˸ϳ
ǳ¹һ䡰ĶС˲ϳ, ǼλΡղ˿һµү
ô˵ͻˣҲûһС˲ҵһ˸ӭ˽һϽ֪ͨˡ
ĹǶͷ¶, Ψڡ
¹·͸ӭͷϡ
һ·СŹ, ¹ǿЦһµڷˣͺãͺá
ܻ, ˵¶Ӧƽˡ
, żԼŮڹ, æʣˣ
¹ͷ֧֧᣺ûˡ
ʲôûˣϻȻ
û, Ůûˡ¹ûɵػһ䡣
ᡭͻȻжʱһᡣ
뵽ġ
ϴؿ, ƫƫֲ˵ʲôػ, ֻһԼŮ, ôĶ, Ҳ֪Ȱپ, һֶûǣôͲһЩǵǣһС
һһ߿ޣҿ޵̫ͷ˷Էǵʥٴνڳ¼ҡ
ǵŮųôŮʹôˡ
¹Ҳſޡ
ᣬϲ࣬Լǿɺ޵Ů
¹ԼҵôǮʡԼöʡǿǹȫļҵˣһȫûˣףһֻʣһտˣԽԽʹġ
Ͳеɵͷ
ǳ¼ҸҹƷ壬̫빬ʵǳ¹⣬̫ò¹õܶһ̫ԼϲһСӡ
û취Ϊ˼¹ֻʹЩֶǸնε뿪ǡɲ룬뾩·Ͼ⣬һغˡ̫빬ֽ֮ᵽͷϣԹ֮ǡ
ҲֻˮһˣٰƳЦʮȥ¹ų̫ѾָסˣתԼŮɵͷֱŮشˡ
ϰծĶôôడ
¹棬ġ
ͬһգˣ¹ժߣ˳תøĵĵطظˣơ
û¹˵£һŹûˣ˲㶼˹ȥ
ûΣֻǲɵȵ¼ҵ֧ɷ˵Լҹﱻ˻˻顢ʱֱһûˡ
ε֮󣬳¹ɫҲÿǿӦ֮󣬳¹ѾͷжڿǼҵЦˡ
Ҳǵʱ򣬳Ա֪췴һµĺɱʿͶԱǲȥ˱𴦡سǵĹٱѾ׻Ѫڰڵ檣Ѻǣ·ϡ
͢⣬ӣʥ˵ȡȴҲδ㽫Ӽͷԭ͢δõʱ򣬻һȺ飬һֱӶס˵졣
ֻһУֲѾһˣҪģ
ץͷҲֻг¹޹֤֮ʵԸᣬʿƿ֮ãҲǴˡɳ¹ſٵԶԳвûжѾǹүˣ䶥һɵְΣģɣģֱԡλµġƺƺˡ
¼ҳ׵̨λҲһյƣ档˵˲ãʥּϿ˵ˣλͬͼ췴ʥϡȻʱӣ˵ʥˡ
֪֪治֪İ
һ֮ǰ˭ᵽ¼λﲻ̾ѣλƯǳģ˭֪ôһ׵Ƥӵ¾ȻЫĳ˶񶾣ν๼ˣôǱˡ
ܳǰжãԴ밲Ϲϵ֮һоͶ˶ˣȴδͣ
˰Բ²ôᵽһģаλСɥ£˵Ҳйءһ漰Щʼأܻò˵ֻ¾ͷķԷﻹ
У̫ųġѶֻǶã
ȻϲᣬԷΪȴʱԼʱԼҲһԼˣֻǳҪƫ˹ˣɳȴΪһ˴˴治¡
˷󣬳¼ҵĹǶѼ޵ĳȥˡĿɲԸĹﶼǣˡ
๼
ΪԼˡ֪֮Ӧȥܵظת֮ȴԼ
ɤʹ˵ɤӻ
أ
ʲôѾͷѾûˡ
һϤͷִһˣһδټˡ
Ҫ
ϵҩԻûɢͱˡĽһˮݹȥվһߣǰѯŮ
̬Į
ỹǲ⣺Ķôơ
ٵġ¹ֱ˵ػģΪڻܰȵǶ
ƽ޹ʶ˹˳¼ôĺùҪǶôǮڳĶŮҲûʲôˡ
˶ûֶ
¿ŮڴϣľֿֿɺޣʥϿһ°뱲Ҳ벻ˡ˴ǻʼرɭϣڴ˶Щ೭Щ飬ú㷸
Ϊ㣬ȱĹѾջȥˣôĹҲ٣ǰźЩѾСҲҲǵģΪ˴ѣǵ˰˱ӵаùˡⶼ㷸ϣʹ°뱲ﳥɡ
ͫ
ǣûˡ
ڴϣĲյʲôʱ˶û֪֡Լ˾ˣȴӰ֮еЩˣǶѾ˰ɡֻĶΪֻ׷Լĸ飬һӣҲͷһγ԰һˡ
ʵھˣӦǾϻ֪ˣαصҪǲŮʲô¶ᷢ
˵ĻҲ˵ˣЪŰɡ˵׼ߡ
ס̧ͷԹŮ𣿡
뵽ЩǮʹ޷ӦһӣĮͷҲԹ𣿡
˵꣬ٲͷ࿴һۣ뿪
ǲ̤ڶˡ
˫ۣˡһ£˺ݺݵˤڴϡ
ûеˣҲûмˡ
ˣˡΪβĶأ
ּպ󣬹˻ؾǣߵŵķ۱ڴͼΧڴˣҵ̸ǻֽϵ¡
˻߽ʱ˵
Ĳ֪ݣԱ߱ʶֵ͡
ǿƾٵʥּأʥ˵ˣҪοƾ١һǳԣ˽ԿɲμӣһǶԣҪǶϴεضǮ̼Լոݿ衣ֻҪͨƾٿԣ͢ѡб١
˾٣»Ⱥ£
ôףû汾Ҳѡϡ
ɲô˵ôǸᣬҼҺӳףͷܲԡ
ĹıСأһҲſȡʿʥּδ
л˵
ڲìѾĲˣҪʼ㽨裡


43  
һˡ
̶̼, Ĺ۵Ķǿƾٵ¡
ͨҲǴոֺǣֶϲȫҵſԣҲΨЩʫ, Ҫȥһͷֻ⿼Ҳͷһ, ˭Ҳ֪ʱж˲룬ѶȼΡ
ɲΣܹ黹Ǹ, Ǵˣ˭ûĻ᣿ǿɶ˵, ͢ȱ˵ʱһУضڹ١
ܶīˮж, ЩܾԼܿϣ, ѾԼҪȥĸˡ
ںѧ˵һɳûᡣǰǮ̼Լݵȵصİ˶ԣ⾪ϲøʿụ̃ǲԽĺ蹵Լӵܸ, ܳ׸Ļͥ, ֵ̼ջǾ޴ġ
Ϊ, Ĺ̼֮еĵλѸո֮, Ҳʼƾ
ǰ, ûĺ¶ءԴӹĹ֮, һ, ֱӶݲп, ˵ʲô˵Ĺʵۿǣ
ֻҪʵ, ǻʲôԭ׼ߵ̼ҲԸˣĶ⣿ѽֲʲô֮ˣûҪΪ뿪ԼĹ
˭ʵۣ˵һ
ˣЩԵ˴οƾٵ̼ҲǱĬرӰ죬ʼڴ͢ʲôʱȱǮоǮĺʱһҪ裬󷽷ؾ裬ҵҲҪ裡ȫˣû׼ᱻڸء
ΪʥּһգĹնڽֵ
ƿҲ˭˶ܿģ潡šɲμӿƿǳһĽ誶ûʲôӣųǲ̻ͬӲμӿƿԹһҲòμӳԡ
誶Դ˲Ǻ⣺ȻҪ㲻öݣƶũ̽Կɿԡǹƽ⡣
ųȴһֱַʿụ̃Թűй֣֮ȻҪ֡
誱ʾɺƲʿũһʼʱûйֹֻ֣֮ԣʿũߣ֮ʯҲ
ųȻоЩολӲʷСʵۣȻҲ秵˵ˣʵס
ųǲͬˣ䱾ⲻ٣չֹҲǲʵ̽ԱʿƽƽǻжԸ˵ٶ
˵һĻˮ㣬ٶʲôʲôҲûУԸ⵱ô
誱ƺͿˣһʱҲûüĻ
ϸһžòԡ
ųˣҪֻǿԵƽȣֲȡʿũ֣֮ôʲôųʵǹƶˡ
иԡ
ȴҲ궼ģһЩ̼Ҳȷʵ˲ǮոĲȣҪԶмݵĹ涨ҲǷǳϸ
ϸĻЩ泯͢
Ĺⷬ䶯ûþʹ
ʵæŸԬ¶ʱѹûһ¡
ʶʹЩС׼ڵʱܽĹɢ˲źã
ҰҲǿЦ˼
ʵѧǿǿ֮硣ĹƤӵ¸ʲôƾȡʿЦѡʲôûɫ
ǱȴⷨŲҪؿƾٰĺãǻͷһҲ޷
ôҲƫһ磬ӾĴ˷棬Ҳѧ
ƿһ£誽˺ġ
ͷвõģںҲͷһΰ£誻˻Ҳŵ¶
ѣʥϣСǹˣ񲿣ҵأ񲿣
誵ҽõġ
ûϵĽΪʥʮֿع˻أԭҲϿذҪصĻڹ
調˼֮ϻ۹ˣ³ȣ޴
ǿԵĻ޲ֱӰø
͢ʱҲȺ˱յΪ׵Ľ˲áЩɶأʱû׷ЩһһŶ˳ۣҪѪġ
˵ַ꣬Ը¶Լ֪У⴫
Ӧ£ȴţù˻ȥʲôûңһܸ˭
ƾһǣԶ˷ţܳЩǰı𣬲©ÿһμӿԵĿҲףɱͷ̽ӻˡ·࣬뺫ʲôò׼ĵطʱѰޡ
ͷ
϶ǲģ˵òˡȱ֣һҪҹǵĿƾ֮ǰиԡԣζҪ׼֣ҳԿ˵ݻ̫һʥյѧöһſΡ
һĿǰ֣ùǺ
Ƕ֮󣬺ı㿪ʼæˣ񲿶ʼæͷתˡıΪԼæңй˻ϰæ¶Ϊˡ
𿴹˻ᣬȴʮһ˿ɶʮá
ԼŸˣŴ˲ŸҪҪ˼ζûҪɰˡ
ÿû˵ʲôʥϾͰڳһ֪˵ʲôõı飬úɺ
˵˻ְ΢ȴҲֻƷǸ΢ĩС١
˭֪Сǰ;ÿսӴĲǵʥϾ飬ɳƵǰ½ˡ
ǹ̹ˣȴúá
ƩǶԲ֪ܵĸ͢ǵĴʵڹ͢ҲᣬֻôһӣǸסĵӡ͢ĸλӴǰ۵Ķһƨö֮˲֪ߵغӣǶŹ˻ϵʱ򣬾Լһȡ
ɾôһ˽ӣȴ˸֦÷ɿ죬ĪǳڼʣҲͶ·ĸһֱŹ˻ϲţˮ
˻ۿգ͹ǵĳ̬ҵˣߥǽ
˻׼һѨҿǴ壬峤ǰ͢ţ̨͢ʲôҪ͢ӣ
ֲ͢һ˵ġ
˻ϲѣһ֡չĸûл֮ȺɥĲˣҲ㹻ĸˡ
ڰɣһӲð
ĸӣ˻ϲ˵ʥϴҶȥ
˻Ƕܿóʥ϶εĲҶó׺ӣϾƾ֮󣬿϶ҪٵġôĹԱҪ϶һʲСĿ֧г¼ҵǮȼü֮ԺôԱٺ»ܻܲų¼ңС
ο׬Ǯͳ誵Ĳ
Ȼ򲻴Ҷ˽ʱ򣬾һûĳȥ
͢ؿչ˲ٲҶǶȥǿɾͿˡ
Ϊ¶誼Ƕˡ
˻ϸ뿮֮ţԼͬؽ˹
˻ǳڹģ뿮֮ǹֵġ
һ뿮֮⣬˷뿮֮ˣ½
ķ뿮֮һ˦Ķ󣺡ʥϣ½΢ֻ²ãҸоģ
о飿˭
뿮֮һЦĳ´ˡ
л˵
ģڼ


44 Ҷ 
ͨҶóס
ıȥеʱ, սսһСֲ
˰գȥ֮ŷ, ԭǵԴ¶
ļ֮, Ҳûôͽ¡ӣʵʥϻз뿮̫֮ˣıǺ˼㲻֪ߵغ, ƮƮȻش°Ʊ־س˻ʹ
֮һ, ǷȷεԴöȻѡ
ʹһţ⣬мˣ
ͬʱеҲдһ˿ԥ, 𣿡
뿮֮ͣ¶ǽ˰ɣδ, ǳ´˲һҵר´ϾǾҵģǰ䵣Źͷ̳ϵҲ͡˴, ·Ӿ벻ͨˡ
һ˵, ҲòϣΧŲǺܿ׵ġˡϡ
ʵ뿮֮ȻЩ˦˼, ȴҲ˵˵ġľ̵ıµȷˣ뿮֮ųһ, ֻͷԻ, ҲδؾСĲһ, Լ, ֵ»һƬܰˡ
뿮֮, ԼѾҵһõĽ, ⲻ֪ǽҲһͷ
ȽҶ֮һĪչĳ´˾ڼг̾̾Լʱ˲á
ϱյİ̾ŪķѣͲ̾ķˮ̾ûˣ
㵱Ը⣿ⲻʵ벻·𣿡
Ͽ˹һҶǰ㼬𣿡
һۣǰ㼬ǿ̫ˡǿɲǼ򵥵һǺüĲҶʥ˼ҪҶгչĲҶһʱȥǽĻŵǳ²ˡֲĹһ£Ǳ֮粢ʢС
üͷȻˣͲôĲҶⲻǰװ𣿡
ȥֺαأ
̲ס̾ʵҲ⣬ʥ̫׬Ǯˡ׻ǳ͢ȱǮĹԱԽԽ࣬ҪǮҲԽԽࡣǩ̸ʱȡ˰¾Ϊ׬Ǯġ
ò·ӣҲûа취İ취شﲩʲôûأҲֻвҶ֣Ҷгһ򿪵Ļȷʵе׬ܴ׬
Ѿڣδг
ʥϵ˼϶ͼ֮°ҪǮҶÿ
ѰѡĿˡ
üۣЩۣۼҶǳˣʥôŹǣȳֺõ¶ר
ĿЩ㶮ʲôʥ϶ԣǼҿдġ
ʲôһ
ûնһңǾĶ顣һǰӣǲТŮһĶ誾Թ˼һǶʥϿ
ƿԡ
ȻͷۣȻһĪչ¶ܹ黹ǵġҲôСգһ´ϵҶˡǱյĸˣ誵ָֱӾǶЩ˷ָֻԼĺ⡣
͢ʵһֻҪһ˵ľ͹ˣʩĶˣ¡
֪¶Ѱ죬ȴҲ֪ǰ첻ɡıϾм־̵ͷԵġһ¶ԲߣЩҶһ°ĺӣϡǮˡ
£ЩҶȻĿʼȥˣȻȥ࣬Ҳ˸ͷ
Ķʱ
óȥͺãֻҪٽհҶȥͲķˡ
ÿϻظʱ򣬳ĶҪ߶䣺һ춼ȥˣֻǹǵеʺҡ
϶Լү󣬺ݶǼֲˡǳ¼ұ͸ûйҲɲۺүˣƽ¶ܵ
ҲӦͣͷİɣҪ˶ܻعġǼҿǷ¶ģʥδػ᳣뵽ǳ¼ҡҲһʱء
ϴӲǼүᱻء
ˣҲô룬̾ˣ֪ĺð
ˡ
Ϣͷĳ׸Ҷˡ
̶һ£Ҷ⾹ȻӪɫ
˽ͬ뿮֮û뵽мֱ¡
뿮֮۾ЦЦŵĶô㶫ɲֵޡ
誳˳򣺡ȥ
뿮֮ùģû¡ղǻɲǱͳ´ˣǶԳ´˱Ժءͷᾭ̵˿ɲ࣬һȻҪúˡùˡʥϲٶһЩҶһҲǲҶˣնٱж١ˣ´Ȼȥġһ͢Ǯô
調ŷ뿮֮Ϻһģ֪϶ڿˡ
뿮֮課Ҳߥ޵ͲԣЩҶȥɶֻҪ·ӣǵĲҶԴԴϵȥȥҲδزܣʱͿڼͷǮˡ
課òϣ뿮֮˵ĺйƻ
뿮֮Ǹ;ģûߣǲó´˵ĻڹҲţɳԳ͢ٺ»ԶΪ͢Ч͢׬Ǯʵڡ˭Ųţαһţ͢Ҫ˵ʱѵôһ˲ţαزأ
調ɳܵر˵ˣǰڹֻܵǰһµµΪίΡ
һϼƣһοӲ˳ġ
ȵĵ֪͢չһҶʱ˶ɵˡ
誽ٿУһٿ佱ѳĿҲűʱֻһתҵһ£ŬΪĹⷢȡ
ģ֪˵ʲôá
뿮֮ǸµģΨģ빬֮ȥǣ´˰´ˣϿǸ㣬㲻Ҫʥ϶ڴ
һֱδ͵ؿ˿ʵ㣬軹ô
뿮֮΢΢һЦҪж١
ˣ롣
ŵһѲҶѾԤ°뱲ӿ¶벻ɶˡ
һʼֻͻعģôƫƫͱأ
ڳĻΪ˲Ҷʹʱ򣬽ͷͻȻϢȥֵСѾɣҪջˡ
֪֮㲻סˣһǰ
СɲһСǳõĻ֤ڳԴΧƹ㡣ֻҪǽķƹȥʱÿͿԶһʳ
䲻ʳʳǶΪһƬСˣ課ǲԣ
ֻҪʳ˳ԣ
²ʧΪũ課žȥһˡ
ССĺôƩ誳УԶûΪôĹơŶǱװ˻ʿѣ޽
ųҪؾ򣬹˻ϸźæýŲմأûУ誳ҲֻܴϷ뿮֮ˣһǱ׽ĳġ
·з뿮֮ڣƬ̰жûˡһ˵ĻĹ͢Щ˶˵ģ˵Լңȥ˵
ԬԬ󽫾ƺ˷ģΪɱ˲ˡ͢ҲһƬ
Ҫ뿮֮˵֮أ
ֻọ̀Ϊλȣ֪к˶޹
һСľ˵滰ⲻǰѱҵԼҿɱˣĹʲôϵ
뿮֮һ
ˣųѽôôĺ֪ʶ漴ϽֺõЦЦ˵˵ţϡ
ߣС۵ص¸»Ҷ´ɡ
л˵
ֻг´˵


45 ո 
С󳤳ջ
·ô˲ƴڻ, Ҳµˡ
ʱ룬Ȼʵʲôͣô졢һġ˲š֮ǰųһͶ, ŷ뿮֮һͶ, ˵ģԹֱ¶ÿÿֽűȶô, ǸͷβĿž֮ù, ѵһˡ
ôһڸǰʱ򻹹˼ġ
˽͸Ƿֱˡ
Ĵ˷Ҳġʹ, Ƭ̶Ъ˱֮ͱ˸ˡԶ, ɺӾˡ
ȥǱߴܲҳ۲Ҷĺ÷ӡ
ҶߣһҪͨģҪ⡣ϾֲЧߡǮ, Ҫ, ֲҶ, һ·Ӵˣ޾ġ
, Ŀض̤˱ȥ·
, ֱȥѰշ¡
շûյϢ, Ͳ²⵽調ܻʱ, ¶, ɵؽӴһˡ
調ֱͷ, ͢¶շһʡģʵ۵òŽء
֮Ҳûպѡ誾ͷҲæúܣҴһշȥ
ﶼڳ⣬ǰȥʱø϶ոʱ
һȥ˽Ӳӵӣæµİաһ¶Щȴ࣬Ц档
죬䲻ȣպҲǺշһ޼ʵͬ誽ͣٻվ£͢ΪʳɷѿġŶеơʱʵЩðգЩӶˣȻͱ¨ӿɴˡ
ҲΪ͹¼ȨշҲΪս룬ǿҲֲͷϡ
շͷǿգҲⲻȥ
ڣ컹Ǿǵġ
շָİգո֮ÿɹɣٹЩ죬δĺԽЩҲæýŲմء
誷һ£ũ߿ȫ
շ룬˵ʵˣʵǲȫģ˼ҶȱũߣеˣеıǼҺһס󻹺ãȻͷֵϸţʱ򣬲Žһѵġ
һţ˵ũæʱ
Щܡ
ջ̫ˣҪȻҲũ߶бƵũ̫ˣұҵһʵũ߻ȽϾͨ˼Ҳò
ﵹвٺöҲв׬Ǯĺ·ӣƩһҴֱȥóףǱضһҲ֪ٺõ·ŶסһĽӿĹĹķչָϣùĻʵۡΨнĹĻʩŪãܸ׵طչһζٳɺøԶʵ䷴
ԣʲô¶
誰οԼҲշ£Ժ󶼻еġ
շֻЦЦҲġ
Щ࣬Աӵļ״æһˮǰд
߽֮ϳշ֪ˣ̬
ǶմˣЩҲ
һƬǹвǰԸءŹٸ΢֪ԤֶСȻǽˮôС󣬵ŹٸǱ߰ķģҲѧˡ
⻹ùշµĺ˵Ǹ̰١Ǹ¶ģûжԸһԡ
һģ£˽һƬİաҲ򵥣еĻţԼҵ¶ֲҲ޷ֳǲ׬
˭뵽ֳˡ
ũǼշ¾͸ĸһӳÿðͷɹ˼ܳϴء
շ¿˿誣ⶼʥϵĹͣ⵾֮ʥġ
ũǲԣֻǾõʥʮʥﶼ
誽ӵòֻ֪࣬ЩƤë
Χ۵İգ
ˣ˵ʥأզ廰ò࣬ǰֳ˸òǼʥΪɣ
ǲô֪ʥ϶òࣿ
뿮֪֮ǸȵģԸſһЦ˼Ͳ֪˰ɣʥϲ飬Բʲôֻһ
˵˵ⲻǡǲţʥϵ¶ô֪
̶̵Ľ̸ѾԸܵһһپǲ׵ġ治֪֪Ϊλվһ
˲֪ôǵĻתշµմ˿վˣæºȱˮɡ
շ¼̬УҪȺһʣ
ũһ֪ݸΪ
˲ǸЩɣǵһյ裺ԼҵĴֲ裬˲Ҫ
調ؽӹһл֮󣬾ϯضˡ
ЩҲûߣ誾˳˼䣬ʵöӣǳƩǼж˿ڡǶڸʲôӪȥǮ֮ơ
ЩҲˣ˵Ц
뿮֮Ѿʵ˼ۼһöǮʱŲԡ
ʵôϸòʲôɣ
뿮֮調ֶۣԷһº޺ģЩͷԡԤд뿮֮ԼãҪùˣֻǸù˿϶
֮󣬱׼ȥˡ
ǿЩӵ׳ʲôҲˣ֪շ½⵾ӦõòҲͷˣ
ӣеĹطпΪ
ʱ͵͵շ⼾յСҪҪ˰
շ²֪調صá
ʻǸ漴ʣǡأ
ҲãСȥ˰˵ƶ
ȵ꣬⵾ӦҲƹòˣ˰ЩĸԸ¶С
һ仰мʻȻ𾴡ƶ˵˰жߣԶ
뿪󣬼˻С۵ģ˭
ǲµٴ󵨣Ҳ²ǰδڵĹʵۡ
ڽֻգպ̹龩
˴νһУ誶շµҲ˸ֱ۵ĸܡ
ũ˹Ƿ뿮֮ʳһ֮誸̵ʶʳҪԡԣҲʮеҪִƶȡ֣Ҫʳ⵾һҪеģͷˣշˡ
ǰ誽΢͸¶շ䡣
շȻϲѡ
ֻûбϲ³ͷԣ侲ʵʥĹд˷һʲСĿ֧
˵֣ũ߾ѾͷˣοôԱСٺ»
誻汻סˣΪ˱סԼ棬誴ŰƱģǮ͢϶еġ
뿮֮һ֣иƨ
͢Ǹ⵰ôǮ
ŷͷȻֱοﻹи˲šأָų´׬ǮˣҪʵ׬ǮǡЩǮҲδɡ
ֲǲ軹誺Ƥš
˶ǲ߶ģ誻س̻ûؾ·Ͼͱĸ׷ˡ
һӱ߶Ѿһˡ
кջ񣬳ͷɥˣҶг֪ʲôʱܴأǱ˸ûȲҶϰߡ
ûʲôع²ó´˳Ǽ򵥵ģαأ
ĳü˵ôøɳġ
調ʵְ̫䣬ֱӲɣͷҲôʹˣǱ߲Ȳ裬취ǺȰ
˵ɣǲҶɵɣ˶ȣ꣬Ȼһ
ȵȣˣ


46  

һԴ, ѿھ˵Լһĺõӡ
誰ŰɣԸ䡣
һɨŵľɥģ, ЩԸ, Ҷгһʱ򲻿Ϊ˲Բ衣ռûԹ裬֪ҶζأĸԸغȡ
뿮֮յʣǳ´кƣ
㲻, ҲѰ뵽ġĳգգ۾
ͷ꣬ǵѧ˵Ƥ, 誸ŪЩûãʥ˵鵤ҩ뵽һ⡣ǺβǲҶһζҩأܳµس, ضܹǿ壬٣
ʥϾΣ
һһ㶵, ⷨӣ͸ڵЩƷ
ǿ壬٣誻û˵뿮֮ȴİоˣӺã
ćNɪǰɣ
뿮֮˳ųĵµֻǿ˵ƾ, ҵʵ
ĸƣð, ͷĹҵ, ǰ֤ʵ׵ˡ˭볤أЩΪ֤˱Ȼš, һʱܼЧ, ҪþõسԲ١Բû, ǳһҲǳ, Ҳǳ, ֲ, ޻޺ô˭Ҳ˵˵ľǴġ
ľԼֱǸţҪôһôĵأֱ޷죡
ƵϣǵģֱԼعһ㣬Ʈˣδػţ͵˿϶šʱɼҽȥ˵׼ЩһѷضҶ
°ͣⱣƷζԽԽˡ
Ҳδɡ
кϼһԽ˵Խɷ
ִﾩ֮ЪϢδֱӽųĹ޼ˡ
ȻҪ죬Ǿһġ
ųЩĪȲؿʼĽˡ
⣬˭ȥʥҲķͷȥˡǿⷨӿһ뵽ġ
ͷˣôһôأһ飬û˵÷뿮֮ĹչĲҶ
½½չôҶֲ˿϶ࡣһ㵹Ҫǰ̫˿ɽֲˮʧǿɾͲˡ
¶ȷţȵ֮ϸıֲҲ١
ĹľٶʵһֱĹ۲֮У׼ȷ˵ļ֮¡
ϾǳԹһοˣԴĹΪ裬ܾĹʲôʱʡ
ЩƵҶ֣ЩˡΪĹĲҶò࣬ҲûзϾˡ
ǲҶʲôóԵģĹЩԼòͰ͵ҪΪʲôϡĶɣղ
Ϊˣʷǵûо裬Ĺ͢ϹڣҪ
ȻΪǸСûжأԭҲˡսϢҶϾˡôҶóȥôܼҵӣĹܹ⡣
ֻǣ΢ﻹǾЩ֮ǰǳʳսѾӰˡĹľһһģʵ͸Щ˾ʲô·
ʲмһȺں֮ڣܳʲô£ǵһҰȶ֮󣬶Ҫʧȥݾ
أʲԸҪĹҪ֮ΣҲװɥʧôͽܣԽԽÿʺݺݵصһգҪٰΪƽأ
鿴ŸϵʣʵڲѾûʵˡ
¹˭ֻ˵׼ء
ս֮ʥϱ㽫һеĴƵԬ󽫾ͷϣͼȡľȨԬھоӪ꣬ôģ
һսУԬίʵ˲СίԻҸ͢ҲġңʱҲûа취ˡ
ɱɱָϲΪ¶շģػط˼ˣΪÿÿó͢ġԬ˷ģܴⷬҪսµĻ±ΪƽصĲٰǣˡ
·˵ַ࣬·ʲôû˵ȥ֮Ծв
£ؽĹһʲô紵ݶ
գĹͷȻ˶
ų¶Ҳգ㽫˸ҵˡ
һʮ˱ǡ
ԴˣҰ˵͢˵Ȼʥˣʾ֣ͬ˵ǣʥ֮ʶд˾١
ͷܻʮѾǳˣЩ˸ǳеĳ٣ͽĽѰδı£Ծ͸Ϊʲôܻôã²ǲʲôٵط
͢ЩûʵɣǸźߡԣҲʼڴⳡᡣ
ĹҲ˵顣
һʱҲ۷׷ף޲ñٰǣúһЩ˾ô˵ġ
ƺοպھС
ҲѰЩһε빬šҪǰҲûԼһ
ǹҫĴϲ£ȥ֮Ҫ
ƽͷյһˣȻüգڼ͵ͨ죬Եһľ壬ȣ·ٻʮӡ
⾫񾢶˵ͷˣĹԼҵĹԱҲʼ
ƹѲǼʥϹ˳һ¡
ͷ˵ĶġʥᣬȴѾҪˡ
ʵֹʥ֪Ҳ֪
Ŀ֮£λǰػ˳֮вͬΨһͬġ
ʮ˶衣
һ⾫˼ңѾһˣɶĿԵмɷǡ
Լƽ裬ն벻ô
Ŷ˰Σ٩٩̸˵ľǳԲĺô
·ǲҶʲô鵤ҩֻҪֳԾܳƵġ
ųǡʱص¹˿û࣬ǳٵȴ٣ϱ߶һٴͷİƽȲ裬ܻʮ࣬ǰ˸ǳ
誽Ÿֵ̾Ĺĳ˶࣬ԭΪԲԵʡ
λ룬Ȼ֪Ĺĳ˵׶಻࣬ǿôˣ㶼ԭĹ˾˳٣Ϊǰᷢء
賤һ£˸Ųɡ
ⳤ˵Ļм
ⷬ۵Ϊ˶֪Щ֮Գ٣ΪƽԲ衣
İм䣬ҲųԲܳٵĴԡ
ͷβоۼ˵ıضǳԲһ£
˵ûͷƺҪһݣ˵Ѿʼ
ҵϣѲݸǿˣұضԲ裡
ǵЧ
˻һ˼ѣô೤˵Ļм٣һ󣬶ƹơ뷢ẹ뼡壬óͨ飬Щ˵ģ
誴ǰûЩʱջͣȻĹһ٣ʮĶСԱȣʵ⡣
뵽Բһ£ٳԲ裬Щ֪Ϊܳٲżأ
Բ裬ҪԣҲѰҲĹ˶ܳ꣬Ϊβܣɲ˼ң


47 Ǯ 
˰ûôԣ
, ֱƣ
磬ʱڵŭֹһĹŪļٰϷôţͷЩҲͰ, ҲŲ, ûǻģ
ʼֱҪû𣿣
ʢŭ֮£ͷļֻĬĬͷȳԼ޴
ȻҲ, 洫б۵ģ˵һͶԲض١ꡣ
˶˵¶, ˭֪Ǽٵģ
༸ֵܱùѪͷ̲סԼûи塣
⼸ָϲħˡͷ˵Բ٣㻨˸߼, ȫˡ
׼ʱ㵽˷ûиŲϾˡ¼ֵܱ, 㡰ġȰ
Ĺ˼թޱȣλֶҲ˵ЩͷЩҥǹųȥģΪľǵĲҶλֺôҲôʥ飬ǼҲֲ壿߶Ÿ, ʵá˵, , λԼûԹøͶԣĵ
⻰, Ӧˡ
ȷʵûп, 㱻˳, Ҳֻ
Ȼͳȥ, Ҳûûȥ, յĻ, ֪˻֪ҪβǸӡ
³͢Ͷɲ˷ˡ
䲻ϲȻű˲ҶתͷǼĵĶӹֻһڸǰ
֮ΪϲĶӣһսУ㼸˴ľҲɶƫۡ
֪˼˻Աɿ𣺡ĪλҲƣûвĹʵ۵Ұġ
üһӲܶǱԺ
⻰ˬͶˣôʾ֭ÿҾΪøʶֵôصλֻᣬһʱ䡣
һЦ
ΣͷǵС˼ص⼸գڵİնǵԣ׷ȥ裬¿˺Щ̯ӣÿĹ̴ѾʻͷǶĲҶ࣬ȴҲסô˺ҶѾӦˡ
ʺȻЩ˵Ҷ᲻ûˣ
ҡҡͷӦᣬĹüݶǲģȱ衣
겻ȱ͸ȱˣ˷ֲֻԽԽࡣ
ɫȻ
ô⣬˰ĻǿһʲС룡ǣĹĻǸղ˰ǩ͵ʱͷֶֽдһ
ʵǺ뷭ϣôĻͶˡһ֮Ծӣǵȳ£˵οǾԼҲ
ʷ߷ߣĹЩû׼ǩʱѾ⣬ǿˡ
ҲЩۡ
תͷֿһϵĲҶⶼǼТģ˵⿴ȴǱɫʽװСϰһ£һӣװĲҶ֪ûһأڵģžͲˣѰ򣿡
ģҲһЩģȻõ򡣡
ʺ棺۸Σ
һǮ
ʲѪ٣
ͷᡣ
ôȥŭˡ
㲻˵һҲҪЩģԸ߼ǮƩ⼸֣Ը߼۴йõġ
ͷΣˣǻԩͷ
ָŲҶʲô鵤ҩɣ
˵һĻƽƽ棬֮й㣬ζԿ࣬лظʣһζ㷹֮һյ裬ͦܽ塣죬лҲ˵ҶĿʣﳣȷʵ档
һɺԣΪܡĶӲĹı˴ǮЩ֪νĶ
ҪٵĻԼԴǵߣ
Ҳǿ쳣
Ĺôͬ⣬ɣ϶Լҵӣɣʵǽ̫
ǾôĿĹ׬˵Ǯȴֲʹ졣
ʵҪҲȥĹ⣿
ʾգҲò⣬ֻЩͬλɡ
룬Ҳ֪òá
ҲΪ˿ЦЦˣҲþڹСʱ룬Ǿ߼ЩҶʵ̫ǵУҲһյ
ѣ޲ĹĶ
ߺй˹׼ЩҶ
ʱЩö˳ۣǶȥˣȴѪһϡ
٣϶ܡ䲻ܣҲδɡĻںĵʹ´˺ӡ
һţǲй㡣
գʳ˭⣬ǱȻǳĳ´ˡ
һ£誵ķۣλһԾѾڸµͷռһˡ
Ҳ֪˴Ҷóȥôãȫ̳ġ
һǸš
ԵһϷѰĲҶֳŵȡ˵б˵йҡ
ĲҶ֮ߣһ課ã¼۸̫û򡣿ǵ͹Ǯˣһ֮ͨ󣬲һձȫˡ
ĲҶгҲǳ״ˣ˵ȷʵЩˮ֣ҲȷЩôֻǺôûôˡ
Щ򣬿ɲȫġжв˵Ķʵ
ȵһ˺˲裬֪ζԺòϷնԹȥȡ
ɸ֮ĲҶóһĺͷˡҪǣͷ΢һ㡣
ӳõǮ֮ͰǮȥڳлһ˾ũ˾רũֳ
˾ũ˾ĳ٣ʾշˡ
˾ǣ֪ԭշµĵɽ
һľȱˡ˲ãвܵ˸
ȻҲҪǮġ
תͷųĵļ򣺡´ˣҶóһ»ģҪ֤߲ȥ
ЩΪѣΪ׬Ǯ֮Լˡ
調ıָһ·ͬСɣˣһȹͷضúõķͳ´㡣Ҳ֪´˵ĿԣȥةһָЩ֣ʡֻһ˲͡
õҲֻһˣ㣬޲֪ý½˭
ܳ
õֻ
⡭ȻʱҲûܵȻʿصλة࣬һпޡʥϲֻͬҪвܵģᱻء
веٮٮߣ
һ̣ľԼϵĵһ¾ͱˣʥϷģ΢ʧģ
ۼ׬Ǯû¹ء
ıҲűʱĹںҵظҲʼˡ


48 ߻ 
һλʺ
ĹĿƾ, ˵ĿҲΪˡ
ĹԼģ¼Ҳڹ
ѡʿķǴǰһֱûгԹġ䲻֪ЧΣǿĹ, Ҳ̲סڴ
, Ҫ˾ͽΪġ
ԴּҪƾȡʿ˾ͽةشһ˶ⷨӲ, ԺֱҲǲġ
Ϊ¶˾ͽ誵ӡĹ˲١
˽ͬةĵʱ, 䡣
˶ʱ˾ͽùһյ衣
뵣˾ͽӲüҲºЩ
شתŲյ, һʱ뵽£Цŵ˵, ڲĹƾٵ¶ء
˾ͽ뵽Ǹʵۣʶˡ
ҲûáĹõķӸ˭أ͢ԣưҲͬ⡣
òҶֵ, شʵҲ̹̫ҽ̵Ľ, ȷʵ, ܲܳٲ֪Ȼкôġǳٵջʵ̫, شҲסϺõ², ׼ÿնƷһƷ
شǴ˴Ҷ, һڣƽƽ, ȴһζ, ֲĹ˶ȡ
˾ͽ, ˸һ˿â
ǰڴ֮ǰҲûĹôĺöǰֻĹ಻иĺöδ˵ɡ
ʵںѽ˲ǰ
˾ͽʣĹˣ
һʼν˷츲صı仯شҲλ˾ͽµСʵкøУжЩ̾λλ֮󣬳⻼˳ԭܿЦ룬Ĺһһˡ
һ̯Ū壬Ǿ׾٣Ҫ̯ŪǾ͵÷Ѿкشǰ˼ǣСʵҪǮûǮҪûˣô̯ŪأνЩ˶ĸԸĸ¶
ԭĹλةɲƲ磬λة࣬Ϊ˽թ쳣Ӳ˹̣ܽѵȻǸСʵ¶
֪˱й֮˾ͽ뵽ԼľҲЩͬĸ顣
ѣ֮컯ȫһıʮ̵̳ĿĹȻȥֺ֮γıأҲǸıԶǡı֮ˣ۽֮¡
˾ͽ˲СԺлᣬһҪúûһˡ
ش뵽ʥϵҰģͷһЦܼġ
ֻ´μ棬ǵѾ˵ˡ
ǿطҲſʼչġԭȲλǾãĶڱϷһƬط֮أԸⳤסĹƫһ֮βſʼúþӪϵô˵ԱȲȱңǱ֮ǰѾ̫ˡ
شǸ˾ͽҲ۲ģֻ۲һ֮硣ϵˮʺũ¾ĸŸءĹӪǶһõطʵǿϧˡ
˲³ǹˡǸ誣ѵõ徲
ѾˣҲˣԾѾˡ֮󣬾ͷһԣͨԵлͨԣᱻλ
Ͼͷһξпƾ٣ȻܼԺʱơ
誶Ѿˣ̼ͷеģһųĹŲҶһշȥֵظũ
誻ûǸĻʿԶûпʼأѾܳ͸¶Ҫˡ
뵽γһв˾߳ģԺĹԽԽ󣬿϶ҪһţةˣȽв˾ɡ
ǽ֮һ⣬´˾ǳˣһó׶ƹܡ͢еԣҲΪŴ»ͷЩδΪ֣һͬһжóס´˰ϵĵӿɲС
øм㣬Ѿ誵ĻԼԺǺεȷˣ
ʥϵ˼ſ϶ǷǳǳҪģλв˾ĳ٣ܱȼˣ
ʵôһ˵Ժ˭˵׼أв˾֮ϣҲһ
շǱߣ誵ûиʲôֻȴҲٲˡ
誽˵ϣĹշµĴ£ϳԵӡ
շ˿ûôĻʮͬ誶ԼڴѾԼķܶĿˡ
Ǯ誸ˣҲ룬շµͣʧġ
֮誸о˶˲١
յԺɹ̫
˱һӵݸ誣ʥϽܸء
æ֮ЪһЪȻˡ
ūƼةҲͦ˵ġ
誶һȥ˳ǣܲԼؿò
ų̻ȻĵִͷЩÿ춼߶½ֿ̼ƾٵͷؿ˵ǼӶ̼֣һɶǻػض̻˼ҵӵ볯٣ö֮ᵼ¹̹ᣬ롣
誵ûнס߶žЩ̻˼ҵӵܸշºͳģЩ΢ĩĲ¶˾֮ԼҲ˼һ¡
ģ˼Լ֮ǰǲ̫뵱ȻˣڵĿĹƳЩʿũƽȵĹǷһȷأĿ˼⣬ϱһ񲻾ͳЦ
Ҳûֻܸͨһԡ
ǻɳģǵһεʵۣҲûõĻʵۣЩûԺ϶ġ
Ҳģʵͷðɣ
ءȥ֮󣬳̫ǲһأûþͺˡǹͷˣȻڵʱ͹£Ҳᳵ·
˱˵һȻ죬ԥؿ˿ϵŵϲ
ʣʲô
˱ŵϲ˼۾Ҫ
ŵϲ
ⲻõӣ
˱˵ŵϲȴûôĹ˼ɣ̫Ϣ˵ԼЩ̣ܹ񣬿ҲǸ취
誾ĺȻˣ仰϶򵥡
Ȼŵϲһǣ󹬻ӦһλʺΨлʺ󣬲˳ع󹬣ʥϾΣ
誺һͣáΡ
誳Բˣɺطһߡ߻һ£ɶǣѾһλˣҪ߻飡
֪ˣ֪ˡغߺʵģȻ׵ġ
ʵģҲ뽫ˡ
ŵϲ˱һۣΪūţҲȰ̫࣬飬ǵة˳Ȱö
ټȥҪʽ߻顣æĸ˻ϣһ¡
º󣬲⼸գϾǵĿѾ½½ִٰˡ
ɫ磬ż飬˳ͨ˳ţٰǡ
ŵʿĶ࿴ۡ
صӳôµģټ
л˵
еǳ


49  

ٰ, ֡
֣, ͸ŨŨоϢ
ûٰ, ɾһ˰ȻʮǰˡһʮȥµٰѾ췭ظһģķǽѾ, ڽһ·ǰС̯͸档ִ߽СߺȣȺ, һתȴʧ֮С
Ͽ˲
ڼǿҪԵ
ʥӦһ󵨵, һ˲μӿƾٱԿЩӣĹĶ⶯Ҳһ˵, λδڵСʵȷʵԾ뷨
ڹĦһѡһ˵ĵСõס¡ЩʱڴкȲʱһ۳¡˵ǽһЩС̯Ѿ̯ڵסˡ˵ֻǰǱ̯߰, ǽ, ᡣ
ҪǷǰ, ЩСţͷѾû˹ˣͷ̯, ˡ
ЦЦ, ˵Щ·ЩСֻ̯һ΢һҲ֪ǲܵ, 񾩳ͷרŹΰ, һЩС̻ȻһЩ, ҲһЩԼûܹ, ˣ
Ǽ˻ۣ˵С̯֮󣬱Ĺһ£֮䶼¶һɲͬ
⾭̱˵£͢ɸԤ
ҿԺҶû׼ֻܳ͢ˣѰ̻ҪմŶûС
𣿡
Ǿ仰˵ĸСģѹĵ͵͵ġҲͺý˽
ֿһ˵Ĵ磬˼ҳǶ˵Ĵ硣
ͷܶģӦСȻ⡣
䣬㿴ٰǷصİӿߣìܲڰУҲΡĻʳͷ
ִٰǺ󣬺ûһеġõ꿴飬һߣһٰǵķ顣
һΣ¹ȥһҲˡ
ʮգɫδʣѾλڻʳҴŵȺʱˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãżһ˴ͷ˻ʳǡ
ڼ־һ
Ϊ֪˴οƿ֮Ϊ͢ԴץĽͷԵʱ򣬶ݡ̽ҪݲμӿƿǲܵġΪã˼ΣԾ˳عˡ
̲˾裬˵ЩˣԼҲ˵ˣ⡣ոǮڶձ㱻ٸ˸׽ȥˡͨԵЩͶС˵ǰһҲΪˡ
Щ½˼Ӣ֮課ųٳٵ
ʵҲԲģةλ;ͱˣЩ棬ϾͷһοƿܵÿμӵԵľʲôˡ
³塣Ȼݸǽάֵ߽ӢѡǸ̨һһɨ̨λʱĶһأеĻϲȻ޴档
üһһһȥȻǺĸ࣡
誳˴ʱ򣬽˻ϡ
˴ȺͷȥЩ̵ģжٺѧӣ
˻أֻʮˡ
ʮˣ誵һ
ΪԼĿƾٰɶմմϲͷѡԾɻһˡףǶĻʵ̫ˡ
ֽҲѰ˼ԲǮӶ飿ֻŵȿƾٱΪ֮󣬺ӵܡ˼ҲʶҪԣԸ⻨ǮԼӵܶ顣Ⲣܽе⣬ֽӡˢѾüˡãջǶ顣
صԶ
ʱüʱ̾һжеûŵķ뿮֮ײײųļ򣬰ųӰۣ²ܵ״̬ʵ
ųɨɨ
㿴ʥϣһӲ˵Ϊʲô
ųûпһۣĿ⳯ѲһȦ֪ԭˡ
һڳԳӣûԳɣˡ
뿮֮
ų˵һˣҲӲ˽ʲôֻ˼ţСʵ۵ҴɴأԺҲеǺܵġ
ľˣǧ⡣
˴εֻһƪۡ
۵ǡ֮ߣҲ֮Сߣ֮Ҳ֮֮һͬ˴ͨ˲Ҷóף˵ԴԴϵǮƣҲһЩ顣ЩԵķúĳһۡ
ԺõԾԴӴǾ룬վǱߵģǽ廹ǽ
誱ֵԽһʱʵ̫ˣͷƨ֮ų㼫ȥˡ
Щԥֱ߿вף
¶񷱶࣬ܳһѾˣʣµĽϳǡ
ò˵һĺ£ʡġƨɣѳӽų㰲·ˡ
ɲ˴εԣʵסˡһ룬ЩʵףǿǼ켸ҹܰĶһˡ
ĺʱ֣課յ˵ԽϢ
ܾƾֵȶѽλٶҹء
ֻһ϶ǸĲ˵ģڶԾڸġҲûʲô¶ȥһ˹
һǰ誾͸һ׮¶ϽŸũߡշƹ㵾ϱ߻ôĻĵҪѡ͢һʱҲûôĸţֻũ໨Щ˼ˡ
ʱ誱û̫ڴû뵽ǰ˾һչûУһ㶼ûУ
誻Ǹû
誹ҲΣңڶѾǰˣũҲһͣʥϱż΢ҲֱӸһ
ˣǵ
ѾˣҪһЩʥ԰ꡣ
޻˵һ⹤ͷÿ˶ûʲô¶ֻ󲻳ðͷŬȡ
Цһƽˣ
ȥɣ
ӹ֮誾ѾҪζԸˡ
߻û֣ǱߵԵĿѾˡ
ĵʮϼѵĸ誹Ŀ
һһпɣҪд϶дôĲۡùãȴʼûһİо
ֱһݡ
˵̸Ȼǡ塱롰֮㵹ǺͨƷʽƸͬʱùǿհҵôıʾǡ塱ƣͰƸ崮һãԺ˸ҷ飬ֱܲӰƪϣ
調ֱ˶ֱӵΪͷʣµҲ룬ˢˢʾͶΡ
ζ֮ʵͷʲô֣
Ŀһۣպӣֳʿ
ݣԭȵˣⶼνˣڶ׷ʣǡ⺫ˣ
չ֮ꡣ
ͻͦ󡣡
ų誣˳ǺܺãЩھ¥ӣ׬ЩǮ֮ȥԺ֮֡󵱹˷ҲһʦССسľݹ˳Ĺ֮λչ٣⺫Ͷ·Ӧԡ
ǰһ
ʮݰգҪǰ׵ˣ׵ȷ
Ȳټλ״Ԫɡ
֮Ǿϲλʮ״ԪɣȻ˿ʡ
ʲôÿû͢ͲųȻһЩٶȥȻʸݲסǶȲǰˣįԾһڲסķˡ˫۾ãº˻йɰĵ
üһֶһŵ㣬課ɵö࿴ۡ
뿮֮ڼĿתضźʱ򣬱Ѿ˾ġ
л˵
뿮֮ˣһġ


50 ڹ 
ι
뺫˺ð, ĵ÷뿮֮òС
ʥϲһˡ෴ƽﲢʲô˵˻ǵᷳǽ, ͺ˵Ļһ뿮֮Ȼ, ˻Сʥϵʱ򣬲ҲĴ˻϶ѾóʲôˣȻλûô, ֻҪӶ֪С꾫ԺضĲ
С꾫ûа⵹, һϺꡣ

뿮֮۵Ӿ͸ҪǮƵģʹϴ
ҲûãԼʹ, ѹûаá
誸ĵͷء
͢ƺһҵģֲȫ, ˶ͣ͢αӣμʱ誾Ͷһݽ䱸֮ģǺȻ, ó, λǸӡ
ƺϲƽ, Ǳ˵䡣
뱲ӣƿɳ¡
, ӹҲѡɥ, ɥĸ, ɥż, ˶쳣п, ûиκһˡȻһ, ȴδͷʶһֵʱ򣬱Ѿº־ֻ˲ȵòվȽŸһսֽԭΡ
ΪԼⱲӶʱ˲ã룬»ʾȻݿơ
ŵվ֮ϡ
һ꣺ǰҲ߯Щ
뿮֮ų۾ûŰأѾˣŰ˻ˣ
ةҲܹܣ
ųۣ޶á
ȷ뿮֮о򡣱Ͼǰϸ¶ģų֪֮岻ݴǣֵҲԲҲ֡ȻʥϲԷҲȷҵףӵƺҲûŵıҪ
˷飬ڹ÷ˡ
ȵڿϷźȥתͷײ˷뿮֮õĿ⡣
һ㶣ôˣ
뿮֮ˣϺ꺫ǣѾǰƫˣƫ̻
ų˷뿮֮һۣ誽͵ʥϱӰ죬û
ü͸ڼôͷڻòҲõɣɲס
뿮֮Цˣ֮λ޴ǣʵ̲סǺһ䣺΢ƢȷʵûǸպ״Ԫá
˵˵㣬αسʶػ̡
뿮ֱ֮ӱ첻˵ˡ
оԼҪ˵ȥҪġ
ѶҲͲˣҷ뿮֮͸ǹӶƵĸⲻϲ課ٿֱӰ˸ˡ
۲Ĳ
Щʱ޵誻Ƿ£ûǼˣ̾ˡ
ԭΪ˵꣬ٺÿҲÿĶȥ˭֪֪ԼĿǳˡ
誵˼һò£ϲ˭ͻ߶˭
÷˼߶λ״ԪѾһˣ֪һλضǼʥġֻ÷Щ벻ͨ⳯Ĵ󳼶ȥˣ˵ˣ˵ة࣬Ҳ˵б𣿻Ǻ飬ĲȻʥΪζԺ״Ԫмӣ
ص㲻
ܾãǸС
ԴԽֱûдο϶Ҳ
˴εԲˢˣҲ˼֮ľЩ˿誶ˣܹԣˮƽ϶еģֻˮƽߵˣ͢˵ʱ˵ٶֱЩ˶ϡ
һͨ˵ԡ
պ¿ƽʿʥ
ϣĺ״Ԫźۣ¿ƽʿǰлʱٻЩġȻεĿƾٿԽЩ⣬ҲǸõĿʼô
ֻҪƾٱɳƣôײˣҲһܹͨıˡ
һĺ״Ԫ
һͷֻһʿ½𣬷ֱһӻ˹
һ¿ƽʿ棬ҲûģЩʢĵ˺ߣҲһŶȥˡ
調˲иÿģǻʶǸÿġ
պѲǷڴЩһõĸ
調ĿҲûΪЩ¿ƽʿǣ֪ĵıڹһ£ǵձýȥˡ
課ϲ͢¶ʱ򣬾µͷʹֶΣ誻ɺĸ˻һġš
Ҫûҵʵģðߡ飬ʵڵ²λ
誴ű˼ֱӰѺŽȥˡ
û֮ǰ誱һ˶ںԺǶһ꣬ٵȥšɼ˺ָ֮ı뷨úԺ̫ˣȻб£βͷһأ
Ҳӡ֤Ĳ룬ǲǶԵġ
кͷµİۺ̽ŽвٱȥݸطٶְȴΡ
Щ˱Ͼǳé®úѵһ¶÷뿮֮ǣͷ˻ЭһʱӦ
һ֮ȥҲ١
һһˣôһӽ뿮֮ͷˡ
ɷ뿮֮ȴһɾԸҪһƱģСʵۿ˭ǿסǸ
ų֪Ľᣬȴ⣺㶼ˣôԴף
ҾǿװģϺ꣡Ϻ͢ʲô
⻰ųܹͬǲͬġ
͢˱Ť˵ųûʲôоȴҲᡣ
뿮֮ҲҪ
ΪξͿأ
ǿߣ뿮֮
ųҡҡͷȰˡ
뿮֮¶һ¶ĸշǶҲӵ˲֡շͷֵġ誶ԷչũҵӣĶʵ֣žʵϵˡڳģǱ߷ֵĴ඼̼ӵܡ
һֻжʮֳ̼ųΪ⡣ʮζǺܺã԰Ƕһ뽻˳ġ
в˾ҲȷʵˣҲǳ
誸ķһЩȨ֣ܼܲܲչǾ͵ÿЩ˾ûбˡв˾飬ʱǷ״̬Ļũߵ顣
ûиţͱũϻЩ򣬷ЩĵǼҲѲˡ
誶ԱĶ˽Ψũ߷ûо
ɼˣҲ֪ȺںŪȺãúúΣ
調˼ڤζԸǵʱȻų˵һˡ
˽ǣǵһ֮˵ǸˣΪ֮ܿȫΪųΪ˻ȥ̽һˮƽһ㣬ΪԸ˵ҲͦȤ
ţһ
˲ʮ꣬ʢһ֪Ǹ̶ͷ
̸֮˲ˣʺϹΪ˹ģ
жͣΪʲôͶûУȴܾԼܡ
֪ũҪθ죬ص䲻֪ȴҲѧʱѡ
Ȥѧ֮Ȼأ
ǵѧᣬЩܸûġǳų͢ٺ»͸Ϊ͢¶
Ǿأ
룬С¶ãȻҪ΢ǳ٣ҪݺݵǵһְĳɱӺ
üһȻʢ誵Ȼд뷨ȥɡҸ֣ڰ֮޽ũһ°ףúøɣҪʧ
ǲϻܵһлּѾЦúϲ£ˡ
໶ϲ쳣ôһ˷ŽҲ֪ˮ
ɽɣֵԽԽã
ڹһ硣
֣룬߶


51  
ǲ
֮šǺ, 誸ų顣
ų誵ֻƬеóСʵ۲ϲΡΪ, ųԾȻСʵ۲ϲһ˵, Ȼøվͳһսߡ
ԷСʵһʹֱӰˣųǾ䣺λ˵Ϊ˲ȴǸбµ, ȻҲôˡ
誾֣б, β¶ָ޿
ûųΪѾʲôˣôƫƫҪ辶أ
ų˸־־;ϡ
課⣺ʲôϣ
ųصصͷλ, ʵ΢֪λƽ, Ͼ͵óȥҹ
誾ˣµڶҪãҲô֣
衣ų
Цֹʣǵ
ųЦζ˵ôû㡣
ûǸ, 񫻹
ʱ, ȴûʱũߣ誻Լ֮ǰļ, ϶۴ȷʵһ񲻼õģ²ǲҹ, û뵽ǣֻǺֵķʽôס
ǣֱɥ־, ˼ȡ, 
ųһ죺˵û׷, Ҳڵ, ԸƢԡ, ҳڹƽزɽ©ˮģȴҲǸˡ
誣
ᡣ
Ҫ潫⸸Ӷ˵ӱȥҲ泯͢һ׮¡
ų˵ˣһ˵誾͸ݲˡֱӸǰһµĹζٲ󣬾Ʒڳ͢ͷĩȵСٶˡ£誻һ๤ְ˶ʮСٶܡ
Уĳӣ
ʵǿһЩĹΣƫƫͲôɡ룬һλߵͷҰ˭̵ס
϶̲סģЩ̵Ҳộ϶ڹ˵ˡ
誶Ǽ
ΣһʱޡοƿԭǺ״ԪνֵʱҲҪ⡣һգǿĽˡ֮״ԪҲĶȥˣ״Ԫ˹״Ԫֵ»ûôأС˵ʲô˵ڵģ
ʥϻ˵ˣſֽȥ¶ʲôʥסôʲôʥף
ʥʲô첻ɵģųżڻؼݣĸ˫׺úһǽ죬ȴһ㶼ûл˼ˣȥ֮ҴҼһżĻȥ֪Լڶգֱˡ
ô誸Ȩ
ͷһգǱŸֵµһ
ν¹ѻһѣԲס⼸ꡣ
̴ĵͦãϧ浽˹ûȵɫԼͽʵʵóһŸ
ȥ̫磬ûŵĶûСȿ쵽ֵʱ½½˸˹
ﲻˬվſһ˶ٵˣȻٵʱ䲢ɳٵˡ
һ̣еĲˬ˲ﵽ㡣
ʳ֮»Ҿ֮£Щʱ̸ҾΪ£ֵʥмӣȻúú
ֱȥǶ˳
ڳϣ鰸ǰͷһײߡҲûԷݲ裬ԼȵĽζ
ûǲʹˣӣĻɢͲܹܣ
Ƥû̧һ£˿Ƕ۵ԾƬڡϳȥˣϲŻģЩ񲻼ãҲôҲˡ
һǷصǣæһ죬ͳЩʲôôСֵģ
ôٵˣΪæһ죿
ɲô칤أ֮ǰûȻ֪ڹЩӱ㲻Сˡ
ǵ׻̫ᣬֻզզ˾ڲʲôˮ
ѹû£Ȼ֪ʥɹĶģĳԣСӰôô
ùܡ
ٴҲ֪ԼŪˣΪ߳ŭǰתƵһȺϡ
ĹιƷߣҲȴΪ誵һ仰ôƽ޹ʶ˶ʮ¡
ÿʮء
ǿûҲʮ˾ʲô·ʲô£͵¶
ϵһ죬Ǳټ룬ĵ˳ţͰǸϵͷǴʵлȡС
Ⱥ˱ųȥһҲһ죬ûоܾ˭뵽ȴ쵽ط
ǻ֮Ī
յ˵߾Χ˲ˣǵ¶
Ҳ֪ĵҪڵʲôʱ򣿸յͷһ죬µأ˵𣿡
òһֱڹɣ
һòݣĵصԺ֪ʱ϶߲ġ
һССƷ٣Ҳҹǣ
ôң˶Էһۣʥյġ
ûʲôʵȨȴ׵úܣûбԭ򣬵Ϊʥϵˡ
Ҳûʲô£䲻֪ʥΪʲôҪСŵˣϷĻǲһ
˾û˭ѽŵһ£Ψǣǳĳ˵أʵʵ˰Ρϧũߺоһ죬һжûС
ⲻаѾϸǰ˰Ʊˣʵʱò񲻾Ҫʧˣ
Ѹѡˣ߲ҲҪ£
ֻһ߲ݿ϶ǲģɨûɵءСܡǣ۾һת⡣
쵽ʱǻڼƻȴסˡϾ͵ֵʱˣҲʱȥԷˡ
ľɵͻؼҵϰߡܸܲ겻ҪҪǲܵˣؼҳԷ
˲˵ȴǣֱǰ֪лظ
üͷһ壺ߣʲôߣ¶û꣬ߣ
ҲüͷһһֶԷȻ˵Ц
λͬżжҪ£ȥѲɻҹ
кβɣҷſˣﲻԶһСõֱ꣬Ƕ޾ˡ
뵽ʥϸԼȨ뵽ڹܵ˵Ӳ˼֣ôų͢ٺ»ܵðɼɡũҪũ֮¸üޣҲǼͷжҪҪȢϱҲҲգЩ¶øҷһţȽũߵ˲ܻȥ
Χ˹
»ûŵأ
ĵۣǶԼǲǻˣǵĶ仵ˣǰӻˣũһõģ˵ˣʥҪũߴ˭Ҳûᡣ
ȥѧǳԵҪ𣿡ǼʥֻµĹ򡣿ȴ꣬չԼǰУѹȻǸģǸµġ
ֱţֻʮչʮ֮ҪƷ
Цˣ˵ôƶβԼȥѧ
ǱŸ첲ɵһѧˣǻõǣһڹˣ˵ȻͲöˣ
̣ʥϵˣûȥֻǺúøũһ²ô򵥵ģʮչ̫ˣɲˡ
Ц֪һ¾Ϳʼũ˰ɣ֮ǰһ£ʱǴ´ˡɳƷأóһ
⻰ʵ˶ƿԡ
̧°ͣսʤĽҲıϾ·ֻǾʥ˵ģѹжǰôʱ䣬ûϧҲּۻˣֻʮգֻʮյĹ򣬱Ҫˣʧ
Ų۵ŪĿɿڴ㵲ѡҲô۸ģǰһƽأ
Ȼص¾Ȼϣ겻ɣȻʵʥϡ͢ˣʱλ˵Ĺλ¾Ͳˡ
αǣˣ
ǷҪ㡰Ȼʥϵ͸ýáԼķ֮£鶼ˣô˵ǣأͷ
⻰һһ׵ģľս
ǿ˿һСٶǼûʲôȻ᲻õٶݡ
üΣϸǽˡˣʲôԼе
Ǿ͵ȥ״ռթ
ʯͷûҪһСٶҡˣ죺Ҫ£
סûòأѾǰˣ


52 ĥ׽棩 
ܷͼǿ
, Ƕʮĸˣһ٣ȫڳҹ
ʱ, Ҷ˹Ϣ, ԼҹܼҲˣûؽĻ¶֪׺ú˵һ˵
ܼһȥ, ûԺͱסˡ
Ҳ, ʡܹȥŴү˼ͼӴ׵ذ˵һ飬ĩ˻λʵ̫, ˵߾ͲߣԼˣү, ǴүϴСõסĵطǶסһϵý

ܼҼү粻ģһ䣺үҪ飿
ʲô飿ûʼ, 񲻰װ׽˿Ц˼ҰͰ͵˸˹, Ϊĵġ
ɲôͷ
뿮֮ľ֪, һʥϵˣǾͻûʲôӺùˡԼѾʶԺ󹤲Ӳ̫ƽʮִֵ, 誵Ըһӹöôŵ, ƾʲô»ʵǻ, Ǿ͵ۻȻʱûô۹
Ȼ⻹Ҫ, Ҫ, ڱĵطһЩٽ, ͢Ŀηʽ䶯εı׼ˣǲɵĻᱻٺ»
ǹ׵塣
ϾٳɼҪһߣǾͳûָ
Ŀܴ
ϵͷҲ˿Ͼ׶ӻ˼ء
ҲʱעߵĶֱ֪ӰѹЩ¶˸ȥ˳ʵؿ죬ǻȥ誱̲סҪǻѰˣĵҲ֪֪ηĹֱˡ
ŵϲ̽ѯʣʥƺԹ
課ãطʣѵ޲Ӧöǲ
룬ŵϲǲǾЩ̫ˣ
ˣŵϲҲ͡
ߣһ֣תͷָ誰һ֦
誻ûˣӹ֦ǰûǣΪ֪˶֡㳹׿ǣ⹤ϵ£ûһµģ͵ˣͼ徲ء鶼Ǹ鷳ģ޻ָкΪ
ŵϲ̾̾ԭȾ˶Ĳȵ˵鼸Σá
ÿ˵ʱΣ
ŵϲ̬ȶʮֳϿңȥһԾɲģԸһЩɼֲ˶ñֹ̬ȡ
ףЦôôΪ仰͸ı䣿ǻϰˡ
ŵϲʣ᲻ģ
ģ޸ġ
׵ʱֱӱ￼ƶȣĻǾͿǵٺ»ǵƷ
µĿƶȳ֮ĸ¶ĸڻӣһĿȻ
ȻųǶ˵Щ£誶ʵûʲôøСҲٸһλˣǲʶȤλ͵ˡ
ֲֻһˣô֣ŵ¸ءżиԼҲһֻ۱һֻôǰԺͲˡӹҲͰͣ޲ðһǮƾʲôҪôһǮʮ¶أ
誴󵨲²⣬¹Ǽﲻܡϰˣһӱ¶϶ĶĶ
課µò٣ûؼҳԷõķֲθڣӷꡣⴿӹˣһϣ㷳ĲС
ҹҸũҽһͣ׼ȥҹ
Ŷûͱˡ
ǵĻ̫ܽˣֱΪϷ塱ȨѾҹˣ㾹Ȼܳȥ㣿
һĿⲻƣѲҹʲôҪܣ
ȻҪˣ㲻ʵ˯ǵȥϹڣô£õģģôо񣬻ȥɻʵڡͷ˴ţû׼㻹ܻȻʡ
˵ֱ׳
͵ֶþƺ͵ǡ
ⱲӾûô֪ܵˡ
Ǳʾܸ֪ܡһˣ˼һԼǲ̫ˡϾԺҪµģϵֽҲá
Ǿһ˰ˣ㡣ҪȥҲУҵøͷ˱ϾҴģܵñ֤İȫõʱ¶û֪ˡ
˵꣬һԼѾ˼òˣ˵ǰɣ
̣ãߵתͷĬջͣȥ
˰ˣɵӼƽϡ
һԲưһ
ǵķˣôֲˣ
ѹŻûתͬʲôִ
Сһ˵ҪȥһֲȥҴĹӸ绹ź򡣡

ܲˣٸȥ
Ȼǰ׽СҴıʵڲǺš
ͷһΪ˹¶ҹ
ʱɶ˯ü磬ҹȴһյƣҹδϨ
գɫ΢ʱڴ鰸̧ͷ෢Ĳӡ
Ϸһͼֽ
ʵڴ֮ǰѾЩ뷨һֱö˵ˣ̫ڿĻȻȻҲͶˣʱ˵ˣӶûˡΪȻҲһϲһ
ǻȥˡһҹû˯ҲӰڶյľ񡣵ù緹ϴ˰ˮֱ֮ӽټ׼ͼֽũߡ
Ĵ¶ȻҲǡ
ͼֽ˰죬ҲûʲôȻƼЩ˶æ̲סȥָһ
ʱ˶ֻ߱ʣ˵죬ӬƵĻ֮ȥ
ҾҪôźá
ǲװˣ
ľĻأҵģ
ﴷһľ飬ĬĬ
ٹվͺˣȶ֮ҲûҪټȥ
ˣʣҲû˸˵ʲôˡ
ᣬٶģʥϵˣҲĵȷȷǶԷ¡ֻһ㣬ѾǱˡ
պϡ
бʽСڻתȱʡ
ţϸһĶأЧ
˼Ķأ˳ĺܡ
Ĺɹһũˣ
ǿĿתʶʱˡˣҲ˲٣йǽͣ
˿ɱС磬ŵɶء԰ڶڻʺĶĽˮһԭȵĳֱԯ罨ƽʹ£ʹϣǳʡ˵ҲΪˡ
˰죬˵컨׹ȴûô
Ǿһ뷨ʳһԶ׼ȴ⣺ũܴţ
˼ص˵ʲôأⲻǸũߣܴţ
Ҳǽʡһɳ죿
ǡһȲİɣⲻУ˵컨׹ǵţøһţҲܸũߡ

ֱףò˻ˣ


53 ũ 
Լˡ
˵, Ѿǵˡ
˶ĻˣֱӴӳ˻
뿪ԼճŵʱûǮ, Ҳû, ȥ߻ȥһۿͷС·ѡ
Ѿߵ·, ʱҪٻȥЦ
һҧȥһ˴ʱڵ˳ŴųصĲ, סһԼȥ鸮
ʱǿŵС˸ˡ
С˼үһɷػ, ҳһҴʲô
ֱԶ֮, Źһ䣺Ҳ֪˭ô£ܰѴү
˵䲻ģǼҴүӣҲ²ؼ, ߸߹, ˼ûģƽ, һͷôĻ
ֱӻԼ, Լһ, ˭Ҳ侲˰, Щʱ, ڴ˷š
֪, Щ쾿ί
ίˣǲ֪, ˾ǸֻҲ֪ʥϾһ㣬ԹָֻšʲôȴҪװǣǸжˡҽʵֱ˦ˣٻ£ǹطҲȥˣ۸ٻȥڹˣ
Ҳ̽̽誵ʲô̬ȣǱȥ㲻ȥˣûʲô˵ġ
¶ֲһһˣͲ誻ܰѹ˶ϳ͢ˣ
Ըܳٽ˸ĸ̬ȴͷȥĵͦȴֵĴͷ
һ֮ôǰʧӡҲǸƢģȻҪһ㣬ֱЩܽ״ȥˡ
ݸߵ뿪ʣµɢ˼ֱ׳ȥ״ӣֲðˡ
Щ˵ûʲô£ȴóҲΪˣһµµΪȴֲᱻٸ
ǿСᵽˡ
ʵҲȷˡ
Ǹսã鸮˼̫࣬ʥּ鸸Ӷ˽
ʱ⡱һ¡
ͷһαٽΪʲôýŵװҲ֪
ѽƻ裬ָָɫʥǸȥ
˱ʣȻأ
߲ưǸȥʥǰ״ˡ
Ȼƶ課ôĪĵ£Ҳܡ
ؽʲô̬ȣϾ;Ժ󹤲δˡ
һ·Ҳûô˵Щء
֮̿࣬вݣ벻ôôûƤû⼸춼æ˶û֣е״
ʥϲС˵Ĳ԰ɣ
Լף¶ɣ
ȻʴһӵĽҲǸϻˣֻİɣڡ
ǸӶ˶Щµģ課ǡֻҪǣǲǻǿΣе̸
ȴûţ˹ţĲŴ󡣵ȵ˸ͷƻͨų뿮֮ʱݲͱøˡ
Ҫʲôû
һ֪
ˣһô
˿ǣǻ֪ܵؼ״ʥϣģǲԼӾˡ
üͷһæͣʥݱ΢ⳤֱˬ˿ʵȷʵˡ֮˿ڽǣһʱ˲ܻظСʼգ˵ִ˵Ӿأ
ãʣʥȥģ֪£ѵС˲֪
ʧ֪֪˷ֻ¹ͬ˵˽˶Թ
ǺǺһЦΪʥϰ¶ʲô˽˶Թǳڹ¶룬С˾Ȼ˽Ĵҡ
誹˹ֱ֣ӿ˺һ棺ˣ΢Ҳûʲôˡ΢ũ߸ĸһ£ȥ˹ȴ֣⹤һɢɳ¶УԷȴһһоܳԣϲų켺΢ʮͷС˶Գ󣬲Գٰ㲻ͬ˹΢΢ڳ⣬ܾ衣
Ѫˣŭ
誵ص˲Ϸ壬˽ˡС㡮ˡɲʺϴڹٳˣأ
Ƕˣʥ˵üǣ
ѾоͷˣΪ課ǽôôԤıǰǸӶˮأ
ѵˣ
ߵ˶࣬׼һϷ壬ȨҲûҪˡС˼ȻôϲڸϣǾһӡ
ʥϣˣһѾȹˣʥϣ΢ⳤҲ湤๦͵ġ
ٴ̣ܽҪкã޻ǮǣΪǰ£ǮˣƢġ޼Ȼλãλ飬òλϴ̫ãԼ˰ɣ
Զԡ
ЦЦ˲˵ֱʣã޶ǸӶˣ
ͷһ·˶סʺ
ȷôģԼƹܹô꣬ȫˣ誻
ȴҵһбһһѣõʲˡԭȻˣֻǷͣλ
뿮ֱ֮ͦˡ
ûⶼĹͣ
ɨһΪȴûȻȲ绻ΣĹˮ飬Ϸ塣㲻У߾֮޲Ż˱ˣһ̲ˮΪαֵ⸣ñ˿Ц
û뵽誻˼ûѹ𣬶Ǿһ֮Ͽ˹Ҫ飡
ί
ôԵ͢Եʼңṵ̂ɻ֮£ôСʵۿоͱһĲֵˣ
誸뿮֮ʹһɫ
뿮֮һ£վ˰ʳ֮»Ҿ֮£þְ֮Ϊ˸ʥǽѵģ㵹ãΪǵС¶Ụ̄ǴԼǴʥϵ
ڸģֺο˵ôࣿ誰ڳֲûµˣ㲻Ըˡ
Ļˡ
ǲԼλжߣҪˣھǻ㣿
ϳ˳ãҪȥЦˡ
ʥϢŭʾˡ
ضΣ﷢ţ亹ðһ㡣
ã課Ż˻֣ȥɣʲôʱѰˡ
һ㶣ǡ
誵˼
Ӷ˴Ҵ߳˸Щ£ЩãȻ
ȻʱǸӶ˺ܹίȻʲʲôʱǺͺģͷҲ˵ʲôػ»ʣԲҪ͢
ʵ۵ģ
СѯʣףҪô
ôȻǰǲҪţũ߸
Щ᣺ֶó
͵Ŵǹٰɣ
ôһ仰ٲֱͣӴظ
һüգ츮Žգл͡課δ¶Ҳ֪գ֪ҸӶѾʧʥģԼˡ
ǸӶ˱쳵˼ڤ룬ղúߡ
˵˵ǸӶ˱»еġ
ʮպڰֿ̱ҪŪһܲҪţҲܸľũߡ


54 ̤ 
Ҹӵ͡
һ, ٹԱȥ⿴֡
ֵգﵾӶѾ£˺ôһء
˵ĿȻ, ԱδѵĿյСֻͷũ׽һһ, Լߣǰͷľ, ƣЩ, ǵһءվŹɵز̤¢, ţ죬ֻǱţһЩ
, ̤иЧţԼһࡣ
˵һЩϾȲţһͷţ, ѰҲ, ȴϼ, СһЩϸʮҲδɡҪ, ľͷ, ۸һͷţҪˡ
Щ, ۵, ۵ġĵز, ѾǼˡ
ȴ, ôô⡣Ȼ⸸ȷʵҪĶǾûһ£˵飬Ҳ߯һЩͲһ𣿡
ƿƤҪ飿
ǲ˼صɷ·һ㣿
Ƿˣ
޿̣Ҫ治͸Ͻ죡
񡣡ס˶ӣͷƼɫݣ֪ˡ
СԸߣǰǸﲻСˣΪ˶ӵǰ̣ͬǽͣվȲ󡣲̤ҲԼĺôƽϱȲţɽأԶһͷţạ́²ƬرȽϡ˵زѾΪˡǸֻͣ˲ĻɷָһҲøĶ
⡭ƿˡָ̣˵ʲôֻʣ治ٿˣ
ҡҡͷֲɣĳʮȫʮĶ
аɣƲƲ죬ڳһ޿κεģʤˡɣʹŶʥʥϲ⣬Ƕüġ
˺һ㡣
ǽˣ̤ţ׼
һһеظԱߣƨСЩԸˡ
ôˣֲǴġ
ˣɺȻڲģǼµĸо
һĻ֪Լж
һתۣ˸ţԶˡ
յ֣ǽҲܸһ¶ǸõĻᣬ˼״޲Ľ
Ŀ⻮ЩˣϿĽʡԾԾԡ֪һΣǱضֺΧߣѰһͷصĻᡣ
ﶼȱʹˣҲһͭǽڣҸӶ˸֮ڹͽˡҲвʾãǽǰͷѾǵ˵Խ¶Ҳ͸Ӵˡ
ǶԴ֪ҪҸ֪Լڹĵλ
ҲΪǾԼԽˣƣһܲ·磬˵ʲô˵зǱ
ôҡڵذѶˣͱŪĶҪȥ
Уǹʲôʱ򾹸ǽͷݣߵ
ĿԶţһسܿɢڷС룬Ժһ᲻Ҳųһһת۾ͶɢˡΪԼ㹻ʵ»ʿҲΪԼƹܹ깤ѾԼ£ⲻ֪»ֻǲ̧һֻҫķΪŽһµĹ˲߽⡣
ԭΪ˶һǿƶܵƵףԸı䣬Ҳı䣬ͷһԸǸֻ
»˵öԣ⹤ȷʵǷɣһ飬û׼á
˰βӦ̧ͷһ
ɫȻˣףôˣ
̾һûʲôֻǾԼǰ̫ˡ
Ҫˡ
»ʲȻʣɲĴ
һͷѾ̤͵誸ǰˡ
誾һû뵽Ҹӻ͡
ҪûǴģ̤ʷҲйأ̤֮ʼδףδ㷺Ӧ֮䣬ũҵչ
Ҫأ̤磬㲻ͷ۸ţ顣
ңһʱỹá
˷̧̤֮࣬ȥ⣬Լԡ
ûأ̤羿Ρ
ųȰ裬ǿ۷ŹһǾҲȥˡ
뿮֮״Ҳչæ
課⣬û취ֻԣ˳㿴Ц
뿮֮Щ֣ƽʱֲදûһ۵ĲС
ȴо뿮ֱ֮һ̤һ߳ЦӴû뵽˾Ȼôģ⻻Ůװ˼ǧС㻹ǧС㡣˳Щ
뿮֮ߣ˵㵽׼
ߣӣ磬죬ŵҲſҲ涯廨ӶȲãһ
뿮֮һۣҲù㣬çһ
˸ԽϾ뿮֮ԭ֤Լ廨ǿﶼûһ͸ˡ
ųطվȡ
Ӳ˲ϵ࣬·뿮֮ʱ򣬲ҡҡͷ
ɴһЩһǧﶼһС
뿮֮ˡ
ų⣺úõطµʲôֿԣ
뿮֮дʣܲƥһʥǰͷ
ɳͷˣ
뿮֮Цǳˡ
뿮ֵ֮һ誺ȻЩС
Щ¿ƽʿڷ뿮֮ѵԺҪĸٵģ˽ũɲСũļˣȥ͸뿮֮һ¡
Ȼѵ𣬾͵úúһ誴Ūһ桢ѵ
ûã誾ʰ׵س̵;ǺһһֱʾҪѣˮҲǸ⡣Ϊ˴ķ˯þˡ
ˮϣȴҲ֪ν
һûˣʥϷģ½΢ˣʮ֮ڱŪһˮ
ųüͷݺһʮգ²ΰɣ
誹ɣʮա᲻̫ˣ
ᣡٴδ˰ƱΪӱӦǽѵģʮ㹻ˡ΢ȥ֮ټһͬ취ǲ߲ݣҲý½á
ųѾʼͬҸˡ
誻ҡҡͷǺõģʮ̫ˣʱҲġ
ʥϾȻô
ǸжԸӣˣ˷ȥ֮˺úһһҪʮڽã
ؿǶҸжһʹ졣
úҲǸֲʲôȴֲװֱҵĿǣһｵһȥҸӰɡⱦ񻹵һ㣬ҫһУڹסȺϻӣ
һ֮ˡ
մ󳯻ʱ誻ݺݿһ˹١
ò̬࣬ȴ
һ󳯻ᣬ˳׻ûסȥ誸ǰ˵䡣˼޷ǾǣǸ̤ǸӶ˽ʾ֭ŪģƺˣҲʹˡ
誹ֱ׳صûȥǰɳʲô̤磬ȥã˵ȳɾͣ쵼зʹй֮δ֮У
˵꣬Ӧһ䣺һޣʵǸĲܳЩ黹Ǳ˵ˣʲôʱѧʮ֮Ѱްɡ
ûȤӦòᡣ
ò¶˹һֲˡ
˵ǽһʱͷ˷裬ְ˴ȥ˳⣬˵Ҫˮ
һţûûǣ
ǹӣ׻زȥˡ
ֵ췭ظҲ𾢶ģũ߼Ȼˣ͵룬òýǣˡ
һ춯صĴ£Թصôӳ顣
誷Ըȥة¡
˱ȥֵ˻ϸҲ


55  
ս
ʱ, λһá
˻ǳµģ課ͬ͢Ĺϵÿÿ¶ɺȴͷһ, һ, ҲΪ΢
뿮֮һةԶԶģһô˵麫ġ齪ͬλһ誻δǱͷͷСš
̲¬Ʋ, û˭ıߣԳһɡ
һҲû, ֵɵһĿȻμ
ףڹ˻ߡ
˻̧ͷЦЦ, ͣԶ
誼˶, һ£˽Ļ˵£
λ˶Ѿ˵ˣǰͷǵЩȥһЩʿѾִ, ֻȥ, ϶ǲġ޴ټ޵ذǰ㿪, Σ
֧誵ģûҪϸֱһʥּ, һطȦ, ȥľ, Ϊ, Ҳӣ
誶⹢ֱĸҲΣ, ͷܲ, Ըźá
һüǵط˭Ըȥȥ˾ʥֲǲ֪
誾֪Ǹͷӵģˡ
Ȼô»ǵýģΪʪľ࣬һľЩȻҲɢˡĻǳȥɣϾǡ
䣬ǷݷԵ˼ûȥˣˣ¶˾֪ʥ˵΢δ˵аա
޼ʱ˵Ҫ°նȥ㿪ˣȻȥģȻЩӶȥˡ֮ԻȥΪƣֻҪһڷԣٶĵطҲԸȥкĪ˵ǵطˣ֮Ҳײᱳ硣
誾Լ˵ùˣǽһûиļĶ󣺡˵ù˰ɣ˶ˣ
ɫѿ޻˵
̽ˣ˵һ仰ʥϣҲֻǹĽɽ𢡣
誼ҿڣԼˣûô˾ôˣ
һˣԭ˸˹ϵҪðֲΪ˴ҲƣǶŶԷģѧİɡѧÿ񰡣йԱϸλ룬ҪǰٹٶλһһΪ񡢾Ϲᡢѣɽ㲻óˣǰɣ
ҵú޲һطȥ
ǷΪʲôҪ˵أҪǱ죬ô¶
һμ誵ս
Ҳ˵ʵ۵ΪλҲǸƵġλյǻһ誱ͷԵóˡ
죬ʣµҲˡ
ſʼ˿һ¡żȻǿģô϶Ҫ߷ֵġ
誾겻˰֮⵽˷ԣһ·ԡ˰ع鿪Уǰ겻˰꿪ʼճ˰
ˣųЩ⡣תһ룬ϵսҪʱղȫڳ͢һ֮䡣͢һʥּȥղ
ų㿪ȫֵ֧ģǽΪĹչһų򵥴ˣֻ㵱Ĺ֡»̫ƽʲôʱս£һ֣Ĺǻ¶
˵˵誻е֪֮ģôߺȱȥ㣬϶жӦͣǿǨֻĶҡ
õķӣʵա
밮䣬ֵµ࣬Щڷۣ˵˵ĺûô˵
뿮֮գգۣЩ£硭
˼ȥòѪǰģ͢ṩũߣסҲǽá˵ֻڷӣҲù޼ҿɹ顣Ժ׬ǮԸٽµġ
òˣҪٶ࣬͢Ҳ𡣹һ֧͵ó͢Ѫһ궼ýĻ
뿮֮ȴò̫ЩֵҲṩЩЩƸ㲻ʲô˲ͷأ
誣
УⲻΪֻ뵽ôˡ
ʣЩ𣿡
ųһֻ̾ЩеĻЩԸȥġ
ա
˻ʱȴ˿ڣʪȣǵȶһˣ
۾һֹϵĻһ죡
뿮֮Ҳ̲סĶˣҪһĻǿ϶Ըȥġ
ʳǱĶһ컹Բ𣿲Բ´ء
¬ʣش꣬Ը֡
ǵδء˿ڡ
¬ؿһλ¿״Ԫһ롱ơ
ǫѷҲң¹Ҳֻǵ;˵ɽˮɽӰɽɳϿũϽУֻԷģܽһɵڶ֡Ҵ˵ضֲ꣬裬˿˽԰Ǹѡ񡣡
뿮֮˵һһ㶵ġ
û뵽ϺٻЩġ
誸ƣ԰ôû뵽ء
ֲľЧҪһЩ˵ҪĻʳ
˼˼棬ɱһǿ˼ڤöˡ
칦³̾ͻöˡ
ٽ磬誸߸˵ط뿪
Ҫʲôû뵽ȴ˻ȥ֮ȥתһתˮô
ȭͷһ
ǣڸʩѹ
誽̾˿˾״˵һС˵ȣʮˮ졣ʱĺܣ˾ɲɲ˵Ļ޿Ҫġ
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Ǿͺá誳һ仰Ҳͷˡ
ĵĲᣬȻǰθڶûУϽ׼ȥ⿴
ҼʱôùѾױסˣǲˬ
Ϊˮҹߵʱ򣬳ҰͺȻһ㿪ĵķ硣
˵һܹһ죬ֻҪȥǶһ꣬ջʳ
˵ǱɽˮãɽϺ̲֮Ҳ˶ˡ
˵͢׼ǰȥ㿪ũ߶Ѿ׼ȫˣڷס׼׵ֻҪȥǶʳˡ
˵ڵعϡȥǶ֮󲻽ܷ¸ֽԺǿѵؾԼǽļ԰Լļ԰
ЩϢб۵ģ·˶ȥ㣬˶Ƕֹء
ȥ˶ˡЩ軧ʧȻ˵ôһ鱦أֶȼϣҲ£ҧȥԼƴǰ̡
飬뿮֮ûʧ֡
ȥԽԽ࣬誼ȾòˣҲڴʱ´ʥּ޵ذǰпġ
ŲգѾռʮİա඼ǼһƶϴģˣҲ˽ѰԱķӡ
ɲô˵ܹ˵ġ
һ׵͢Ǯƾ͵׼á
۵ЩˮһߵǮһǮꡱͺˣԸǮ
ò׿ҶһЩǮֵûȥˣĸʵ飬׻֮ǰ̰̫ˡ
ЩǮ
û۶أ˵ųȻǮӹǮˣѵ⡣
־ϲųϿžȻôˣΰɡ
誺ݺݵһ¡
˱ίͰͣʥϣۡ
۾Ͷˣ
ԭĲΡһ֣еӭȥةôȻǮˣ
ųĵôСۣ̰ǮҲᱻұͷûȥġ
ǻֱӸùЩ


56 ˮ 
ƽƽˡ
ųԹ, Ȼûʡʴ壬ԼŪñ͢͢
Ȼǲ˽ģŵǮ, ҪײҪų˭ǿǱȷ뿮֮ҪǮȻ뿮֮һֱ˵ǾͷǮ, 課ţųƵһ
ڣЩǮϣ
ϵڶҲûĺ, еضųֱҪΪ֪ˣة಻޵ұۡеҪǳаٹٶ, ޾ĸˡ
⻰죬ϸ룬֮ǰСʵ۷̽ʱ˵Ƶġ
ųƷһ仰, ֪ĵġʥޣ΢Ҳܷ˵㻯ǡ˴γ͢żǮ, ˳ˮ顣
ҲǮ㻨ȥĲܰ
ȴңЩǮǶ, ųЩġ
, Ǹӡ
һ, ֪һƬǢ
ǹ֮
Ҳ, ʥ, ΢˰
ĵĻ, ˸жԱߵ֮, ûиж֮κһˡ
Ǯ, ¶ͺðˡ
ųôµǮɲ, һϲط֣زšٿѣЩӯ࣡
ҸþôͻȻ誱ҲǿŵˣǮϣ°áƯ
ڶպٴʹˣһӣ
Ǩ㵽İҪзס˵ֻǽӣҲúľͷ͵ϡ
ǰȥĵģŮ٣֮ǰٷ£Աݡ
ũ֮߰ǰһùӽƣȥһ
˵ƯշΪһ￪ĵܸˣţȴûˣʥϣǡǮ𣿡
շʵСģԼ誴顣
⣺ǰ޵ķʸ𣿷ĺˣǮ׼׵Ҳ㣬͢ǮԭȷЩգة˲٣ҲʡŻˡ
ة˼ʱģôһ㶼û˵
Ըޱû⴫
ʵ誾ЩǮ·˻֪ô룬ֺαش÷зأ
շ²첻ѣͻȻ־ЩԴʥϵǻ֮󣬱㾭ųд󳼾ǮϢͺ񲻾ǮϷˡ
շԭ˵ԼҲž㣬Լ΢ļҵף뻹˰ɡֻûһԣС
ǧҲֻһ仰ةǮ
ϲ˵˵ųʲôǮǲǮ
ֻ߿ڴұ߿ڴˣǵûġ
ǡڴʱִϲѶ
ˮѾװˡ
֮
ʱˮǶˮ
ǰͷһˮ״Сʮڰˣ״СˮЧȴĻľװľУ渽ԺᣬţתˮԱ߰ڵһˮ΢һЩӣּͲͲװڶľͲˮʹתϵľͲνˮת֮ǰˮͲˮϣѭɼ治ϵˮ
調һסصͷ
ڣˮеĹҲע⵽ҪǷӦ죬ӭȥ
ɣ޹Ϊһˮġ
ʥÿʱء
ȤǸ˵˵ˮɡ
ǺȻǡ
ˮʱҲǶ˶Ƥӣܶѣ֪ˮģ
ƿԣʹЩ誸ǰ޲һӶע⵽ͷϣҲ뿴ǳͷ
ſ˿ڣϸϸظ誽һˮԭ
Ūģͷÿһһ˵ʱҲͷͷǵ
ţȻˡ֮ǰһˮžδķʽǳһǳͲ
һʱܼġ
٩٩̸
ǳţʵҲˮתԱߵͲǾ͸˵ˣԭͬˮĥˮƣǽˮתˮˮˮϵһ֣֡߰ɽϵʺϴ˴㿪ġ
ֻİо
ֲųһֱҸأӣ滻˱ҲЩ
ϡس˳
գգۣȻò
һ̣ͼʥϳЦЦΪǵһļ
վŵϲͬʥһ㲻˼򣬵ˣû£ˣ˵·ϡ
Ҵؿɲඡ
֮󸽴һԵЦݣСƺũо
˲һߡ
㿪üޣũҲҪ£ڹһţר¡
ԭأ棬ҲδʹԵʥϣ΢ũʵ֪٣ˮǼƳġ
ԣɱΪۻˡ
ü֪٣
ҧͷ
Сóʲô
֪ش͵ùˣɵ΢ƽƽʵûʲôͻĵط
Ҳա
誶һӣƵתΪ˵ʱŤͷ·ͻȻһ㣬СᣬǲҪǫĺáˣ緢һЩñ
ǣһ£Ӧˡ
֪Լóʲô͵ĥȥҡ޼Ҳûʲô¶ʵڿϧˡ޸Ѱ¶ķĳŲףС˷Ҳţĥĥ߷ĳЧʲôʱһܷ³80ߣҷųɴȳֽʵˡ
Ŀࡣ
80ˣ
ȷˣС˲˵ޱ㵱ͬˡúøɣ޻ʱ˸޻㱨Ǳߵ
ǣʲôʱӦˣʼż
ȻǱżɷ˵ؾʹӦˣʥϷģС˹ϵã᳣ȥģнչضͷһ㱨
춼û죬׻ˡ
ˣǴ¾ô˵ˣͷѾˣδ䣬誽ˡ
ǰͬ˸öӰ
Զԡ
Ȼȴ˹ΪƽĴˣֲָ
ֱ뿪ûĥʲô˼
ҵĻҪӡ
ɥʱҲǰĪʥ˵ʵ̫ףҲ֪Ӻδ˵ģҲδš
ﱯһƬҲ֪
ҡҡͷ
Ҹôģ
˶٣ŵֻԼȥĥˡ
һ壬춼ˡôôأ
׵Ҿʥʵڹҡ
ͬػӣҲôģ
ˮĺ֮ͣظƲһģһɷعٸɹЯͼֽǰ㣬͵ˮ
ֹЩӣذնѾ½½ǰˡ
誶Դ˴Ǩʽӣ·ԶЩյǰܻܲŵִ㶼⡣ذһɶǼϣɳ͢±˺ţ˲ᣬɸǲʿԱһ·͡
һǰȥĵ˶Ǳٸǰġ
͸˳һŶ裬֮½½вǰٸ
һ㣬жʮԸǰһ
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գշµ֣£ȫ̰ˣ밮ģһ
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ӱշ£誻ԭãֱվĲЩۣ׼ع
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ҪǵûĻЩӵھǻûӰɣķӡ
޷ĹԱвأͷǮҪȥ


57  
Сٵı
誽뿮֮, ʳ͢жǮ
֪ӯ֮˾ɽ»һء
طԭҪʼұԺ, ΪȻʲ, һֱδȻ͸ûҪˡϲȥ;Ҳľ仨Ǯ칬, Ǯ¡
׼Ĺⷿùã׼ɽ½һƬסլ¥ɽǸõط, ҲûжԶЩԱס, ȥҲ
뿮֮㣬ȴȫûҪʥϺαΪǻǮֲ͢ǲٺ»
㲻Ը⣿
뿮֮Ȼص, شﶼԸ⻨ǮҪǮĵطȥˣв˾Ǳ߻չ»ǮأʥϻǮǡЩ˶Ѿ, Ӷס𣿾Ҳ϶, ʥǱˡ
Ҳûٳ, ÷뿮֮ⷬδʲô۶ֻӹ, Ųˡβʳӡͷ
뿮֮ҲЩƷھûзӵСٶ, ˽ȥ, סΡ, ͬ¡
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, û¶¶ҲСʵģϲ£ɲᣡ
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һ֮ǽҲ֪ôˣӡ
Աɳ̶ȼ뿮֮ߣҲҶ
˾ô潩ţ뿮֮һʳ˿ڣҼǵã·Ǿʿ԰ɣ
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ݣǿƫúܡ뿮֮ʣмˣסĶ
̶Ⱥò׸ԼϷ˵ϻȻ֪޲ԡ޲ģشˣ¹ټˣĸಡǷ޶ھǾסϥһһŮסڱ
뿮֮·̣̲סࡣ뻧ɲǰСٶӾ֪ġ
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ͣʼ仰Ѿˡ뿮֮˻̶֣ȳһ£뿮֮ûʣֻ¡
ͷδûЩεġ
λɲһˣ¹ܶѵ¶׻⡣˶ŷȴ˶ܸϻҪ֪ƽǼҳ㷹ƽһ¶ĲǸ飬ة࣬ʱʥϣЩ쵱Ǹ붼룬΢ĩСٶ
Ľɫȴ˸йȥˣ˵׼Ҫˣ
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ҲΪ̶ȡְְֻ˲õٺ»ܴżסõķӡ
һΪһ̼˶İ̻С
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뿮֮һֶۣԷȻǲйġ
뿮֮ʶ֮󣬱ûżĽȥϣŻЩôġ
һȦԽųԽ󣻹ٶԽСԽ˵ʿụ̃ʿǰͷЩûзûǮĹٶȴ˼һСС˶Ȳ
뿮֮һֱҲ֪˭³ٵһ·СŹʲô̬ȫȻˡ
ܵʱ̫żﻹһ
߹֮󣬷뿮֮ͯѶ
սһǸͷ
үͷ
뿮֮˵ˣǻ߾ͱɣͻȥɡ
ͯæ˹ȥ
뿮֮вϵĲȥ񣬷˰գӻ˾ǼҪ
뿮֮ҡҡͷͼԼˮγ
ͺˣǵڶɿŹﻹһӵĳ̶ȣ뿮֮Īİ˽г
վǰ뿮ֲ֪֮ʲôȥ뵽һ仰ƽʲô֮
̶Ķ©˰ģ⻰òҪɣ
뿮֮ܿеĿ⣬Ŀڵǲ˵ˣҲʡ
㷽㣡̶ȸæĶãֻǼĸҪѾͱƽ˲١֮޵լʵ̫ԡӱüࡣ
뿮֮һ㶣÷˼լӹ󣿡
̶ʵصͷ
뿮֮һǮ̶ȵٺžԼ뵱Ȼˡ
δþͷլӹ󣬸ⷿӹ󣬵ǶվԼĽǶȿ⣬վڳ̶ǵĽǶȣٰⷱǣֻ»һס
뿮֮תǧأתͷ뿪ˡ
̶ĽȴҲÿڡˣѾôأҲ˵˲ٻɷ˻û¡
̶ԭĻϲҲûˡ룬֮ǰһֱ飬˼ҷѹû
һ̾լֻҪһֱȥˡ
һͷ뿮֮˵һǵۣԴƷµСٵٺ»뿮֮ǵʵ˸֪
ԽԽãԼǰ˵ĻЩԲѡ
ֹ˼գڴ󳯻Ͼᣬ˵ҪǷ¡
Ȼһڣ˲ٺ۲ȥ󳯻ĶС٣ҲȱǮȱûסǿ¸ǷӣǮڵϣƩ硪ǻ
Ǳ׼٣ԣøࡣ
һһڷԡҲ뿮֮ù֣ػ
һʱ䣬Ŀ˱˷뿮֮
뿮֪֮ڿô뿮֮΢ʥϵ͢ǮΪĲǹǿҲΪðչøáʥǾж񣬱ǻ˹ҲΪǻǮӦ˵ˣЩСӶȥԺ󻹻˭Ը⵱٣
뿮֮һأʱϵܼ߱ˡ
ԴǣǮ׼׵ʱܿ
ǮǶѾˣǻʲô
з뿮֮ﶼŭˣ黵ǣ뿮֮ȴװף
Ҳ̫Ļˣ


58 ƨ 
ǿı
뿮֮һǲϲ˵ʲô滰, һ˵ǿɾͲһĹ·УֻһʵΪ°, Ϊ롣
һ仰, ֻģ˶ÿվ
ų֪һСʵ۾ͻɶ, Ѿϰˣǳеλ󳼻δϰߡ
ӡ, 뿮֮һֱǸһˣܶ˭Ǳǿ׳죬ǶʥҲʲôɫǰȷʵ, Ҳ˺ޣҲܺù⸱ģ
ͷһӦ
ҲȱǮ, βЩǮãҪǮʱ򣬻Ĵβ£ԥԥûˬΪСʵۻϲ˵ǮѾ׼׵ˡ
Ūأ
, ֱվ治֪, ԭ˾ǹ, ˿ˡ
뿮֮ǰԳة֮˶ûʲôɫһة֮ɲٴɫ, Ƴ˽һۣ㲻֪黹ء
һ, , ӦвǮ, ͷ, Ҫ̧, ôҶԣһЩȻҪ츣Ǿʹһ츣ɣΣ
뿮֮ΪΡ
ôСˣŵĴ󷽾أĳģЦЦų´ҲȱǮãβҲһ㣿
ĻȻʣ԰β
誶ʱýʺܾɺ͢ûжõˣ¿ƽʿ̫ǳǷȥҲԷڡ
⻰ãȴÿԡĿеضŷ뿮֮
ǮȷʵøǸˣǮǮڴ㿪һгȱǮã
ˡ̽ŵǶȷʵͷ
뿮֮Цһﵽ׻̫ˣΪܱͷΰɣ
뿮֮ɴһҪˡ
ͷͽŻΪҰ־õǮ泯͢ģҪǮġ
ıһڻؾɫҲЩÿ
뿮֮ûĳЩ˾ˣΪ֮¶ʥϲŸմЩССĳЩۺëַˡҪǮʱһһףµʱȴñڹ껹Ҫ
ʲôʱ쳨ˣȻ󿪷֮šûҪǮǰ˵ΣɲԸַ
ŭࡣûܹܴ裡
ͬΪ飬˭Ҳûб˭λͣûбͷϻĵ뿮֮¶ѵˣ
ǰҪָۣͷһָһ㡱ָ˵ȴȻֹ
ˣ˵䣬ɲǳܵĵطҪȥͷ
ŭ𣬱һ仰ϵʲôˡ
ĻǷҲɣҲɣˡ
調뿮֮ʱͦˣɾͲ뿴Žʴʡ
ûộҼǳ
λεƫҲ˵ס
ʥϿǼΪϲˡݲϲǴة൹̨֮ʼġһϸة൹̨ʱҪµˡ
ֻǸʱʼʥϾͼǳˡ
Ȼв˾ý޹ѾչزŽûʲôùӳԡ
ǶЩɡ
誼һŹԾˣﰵˬ
֪ͺˣЩ͢ˣﶼ֮ԲΪʵЩֱ࣬ӰǸߵĻûʲôܲϡⲢǾܺù
Ƕ죬Ҳûٷˣ誵˳˳ͨˡ
ڶգżȥɽ졣ȥǶ֮誱ԭȻĵطࡣ˼һԹ㽨ݡʱ¥΢һЩռСһЩǰ滮룬ķӲܾܵĶࡣ
뿮֮˵誵ҪӦ£ʥͷĺˣʱ΢ϡ
調뿮֮˳࣬ԽԽϲˡҪǸܸ뿮֮ѧѧҲͲᱻҵôˡ
誸п˷ˣʡ˶¶
뿮֮־ϵĳɬ
ûôСʵۿ뿮֮ıûУֻƤˣͷȴܼСʵү䲻
صв˾ԽԽƫƫʱЩ۵Ĺ֪ǵøɿ
ˣ¹ǰЩء
üëһǹ˵ʲôˣ
״˲ͷ˵ɵǮ࣬ʺϴв˾ˣ׬Ǯ˵ҲԸǮ
ƨĲȻŭ˸ӾȻôңҿǳıӵ׬ǮЦ׬Ǯǻ͵źɣ
״֪仰ҲǴ󻰣׬Ǯ˰ձҲС׼ףûñȡ
ȴʲߣûж˲ãҾƫҪƣǰƨǣ
ûǮôˣһܴһƬ죡
ȵʱгʥϲ֪˭Ĳˡ
뿮ܸ֮ȣ
ټˣ׼οг
⿿ҶһѾ㲻ˣ֪ǲһɼܿͻᱻʥ׵ԺЩ˸ӸɻһһϻһŪ˺üҪٲͷı˳ױȥˡ
ͷǵЩ֪֪ܳ
ֵֵµģ඼̻ӳ
¶ͿʼĿȾھʦͨȻȨϲɺ˳֡
İһأСһֱ鵽硣
ֻôһ϶ǲеģһЩľöΪ˱ȥǱߴһźãȴ֮ٸһƱģ
ѰʱɲСĽһˣǮǻᱻЩ˸Цġ
ܵίܲˡ
ߣѡַʱȥһɽ񶯹ˣ̲סȥһۡ
ʼֻڵػɼֻ˵ػ誶Ѿܿطݵʢˡ
з뿮֮ԱƨʥΪЩСٶ룬֪ˣȻм㡣
·ͷ뿮֮һȥˣҲƨʥӢҲֻزˣһλڸǴ󽫾ĵءôûûֳʤֱǶۣѹûñȡ
뿮֮û棬ֻĹȴϣĹȷԶʤʱգ㳹ײвˡ
ĽŸпǿ̺壬ⶼʥĹ͡
۾ЦЦûͿڱǼ仰˹ȥ
ôޣҲȷʵͦ˵ġ֪Щôˣһ쵽ôƨҲû衣
ڷ뿮֮ĵĹ֮ǿʢʱշһѾִ˸ݳ⡣
Ȼǿģ϶ڳ￪ѡҲǳĵ㡣
֮ǰȴѾֳ˺üӡշûԺһЩĵط⼸϶ڸ·ͷˣշһŴȥ׼Ƭ̡
뷨Ǻõġ
ǶӲݱءһƬߡӰҰշﻹһ˿״Ĵ㵸ȡ
շƿһۣ˱˴еšҲ࣬ȴûܼൽݶϡ
ٰǵķٿšĵطһʱ䶼Щܲˡ


59  
ضڽӡ
, շֻܰοˣΪң͢ûжǡ
һ仰, ġ
Ҳʵ
, ûգ͢ʱˮ·˹ˡ֣иʽũԼˮ
ˮǸݹٸ, ͽ
շ´˷ͳϽũ£誸ȨҲǾ޴, Ҫʱ򣬿֧ɹٸ¶ĹԱҲշЩ
շֻҰ֮һ, ȵڶ죬ǵĹԱ㶼, ҳϻ̳Ͽ֡
շʱ򲻶ɫһ㶯û֪շѾ˸ݽ⣬ѾϵˡôǰʵǲãԽ, ǱظϹˡ
ΨλĴ, , ԷȻһ㲻⣬̬Ȼʮֵĺơ
շ±Ͼ˽ܱߵ, ϸϸذѸʵ鶼, ⸽ɽˮ, Լ˿ڡ
ȼ, ܱ˸ŵӡ󡣸ݹԱ֪޲, ޲ǵĻͷ, շ¸һ㵣ǣطеĻҪࡣ
ҪǮûǮҪûˣ·ûСڵطٸҲûʲôָģ˵һƶϴˡ
ڴ֮ǰûκһξҪһģطھǵ˵Ψһӡ֮ءЩ¶ģһ˵ţ඼Ǳŵö֮Ҳ͸ûʲôԸˡ
طҲʵǲ˾ӡѾˣȴԾȵý̫濾ţ˿ڸþͺڣضȱˮ
շһ£ǼĵĿЦ˷ǰæ˵Щʿֻǲ㣬֪ؿɷЩ֣ȰǰӸˣ
ģҵȽȥ֮ȥš
շ²ţǷģշһҪǷ˲١
Уշ°ۡȻطȲϱЩԱȴʵˣ𽻵Ҳ
Ҫģǰգȶˡ
շ±Ϊʶƶ󣬻в˴ùģʵϣûж˻
ˣȻס˵ˣ˵ʵ֪ضˡ
չշ±ӡ˵ﶬҲ䣬շ¾ãڶ֮ǰǺӡиŴСôĻ࣬Ǵ˷İմǰ޶òסֻǸӣҲ֮ǰ̫ࡣ
СǵļҡԭĹûмңȴǧ֮ĸӵ˼ҡ
оʵ
ңǻӵԼĵأմ˿Ƕ˵ˣӸǺ֮ǱԿˣҲΪˣǲŸƴ˭տõء
ͬ¶ڶط
޵صİնصĿ޷ݵġ˵˵زϣǲֹеأһڳԵġһŵ㣬г͢ɷũߡ
ط˵Ҳǹȥ
շȻظӣԶٰУ뿮֮Ҳӽ췿ӡ
¶Ƿ뿮֮ģϾţƤȥġ뿮֮Ҫ̫һæְ˹
ҸӶ˹
Ǳ뿮֮ҪķΣűϻǿ˼ڤǷɴ޹뿮֮һ˵óȷʵã㱻ܹˡ
涯ˣҲʱʱܹ֡Լ֣˺誶ԺкøУԸ˻ϱȼˣʱ䵽Ķš
ƼߵķѾģˣ̲סNɪƣҲסϲ
Ȼϲ˵ʵ黹ͦģҲΪʲô뿮֮ԽԽ˳۵ԭˡ
סôŶϲġ
سô׷󣿡
׷Щ档Ǹ򵥵ˣ˵еסѾˣסĺòãûʲô
ֿһ۹أӻδɣȴѾܿóĹͬĵطȻȲȴһһ㣬Ϊܿɹ
ݵʱʺԸԸһ뿪ܾˣºҲڷ˼ԼǲѡˣǡǡԼǵѡĹΪĻҪáһеı仯Դվŵλ
֮󣬵ѯ誣ģƺҪ¥ģ
١誾ôԸģڿԳܵķΧڽһЩסլſɸˡһ֮⵽˵һ·ԣ誻Ǽּų顣
棺ٰǵլߡ
׼ȷ˵Ƕûлʹߡ
ʲôû˵Ҳ֪ʲô˼νЩطΪ˵µ롣ٰޣòײȦôһأǵķȻԽԽˡڷѹʹѹѹɣǻʵۣܱѹÿ岻ɣ
誵Ķɲһʵ۾̶ȵġ
о仰ȴò᣺ʥ֮ʰ֮ģⱾǺ¡ȴΪ𲻱Ҫ鷳΢˵Ĵ㣬˼ӽ֮󣬱ضֻǡ
ֻǣѵʲôõģæʲôֱ˵ˡ
Цֻǻͻ̫ˡ
Ը꣺˻
ͣⷿӱǸ׾ݵĹԱסģǽ̫ãǼвȱǮҲҪռռˡմ֡жԲߣܼܲסÿÿӣһӵ˶ˣǻݼԱǻݼԹ󣬾Ͳ֪ˡ綯ЩֽţֱӾǵͷ
ãʶɫɫҲ֪࣬ǻǮˣҲⲻռ˵̬
бࣺʲôж˵
ֻһ㣬΢ԶһЩ
⣬һϸ룬ֱӽо
ԣģȻ߼·ȥǼԸԣܲί
誵ͷãǺȷ뿮֮ˡ
ԶָԱָӵ𾢶ķ뿮֮һ˺ü硣
ӣ֪˭ڵ
Ҳֻ˰칤ʱ˻
˭սԺã˳̶ȡ
̶ԭи֮£˼Ķûӡ
뿮֮òˬˣŤԼȿˣҪ˵ʲô
̶ȳһµ˵ˣˣ⻰ԭ¹ٲʣֻʣʵв
µģЩʣ뿮֮ЩͷƢ̫ˣǵЩ˷ϻôࡣ
̶ڰ˵˳¹ʣɽµķӣǲǾ޷ĹԱ룿
뿮֮ϵʵĿ϶˵»δ⹫ڳУֲû۾᲻֪뿮֮˶Щ̵ģŵĺˣٲġ
̶һЩٲģ⼸һʯҽġ
û뵽ԼгһվȻҲֵܷӣһڣǲΪסˣ
ϲľͻȻǰЩӣ̶ȻΪԼǨѻͱڱУϲ֮С
ϲ̶֮࣬Ȼм뿮֮ʵл˵ģԼԼã֮ԻΪ
Ҳ֪ǲˡ
뿮֮лʲôֲΪһˡЩȥǿЦģûĽЦ
ǣǡ̶Ⱦϲֵ˵ͷȴû
Ȼϲɵˡ
ʵ̫ˡٵô꣬˭뵽ĺôأ
뿮̧֮°ͣԼ뿪ˡ
һߣһţСԱɲа۵ķôϲ޲öԸлͶˣ
֮սǣ뿮̲֮ס̣ŲҲ첻١
л˵
誣
뿮֮Ǻǣõϵʱ˼ҷ밮䣬òϵʱ˼ҷ뿮֮


60 ѵ׽棩 
岻 Ȳ֡
ĩ, Ѿһˡ
ʱ򣬵ҲѾջòˡշµĸİ˶֪Ҫ, Ծ·ݵʱ㿪ʼء
Ҳѧ, عԱ֮ǰȥ˽Ħⷨ˵鷳һЩȴѡ
ĹĶ, 
˾ͽںشǵ֪µ֪£һʱҲǸпǧĸʵ̫, ϻǱߵЩأ˾ͽ˵ԶԶ
˾ͽ̾ϢʲôʱҲ
شǹ, ʮ㶼ˡ
ӲϵӢʥ䣬ҲϵҰĲԭء֮, е츮֮֮
˾ͽ˵ʮ꣬ʮҲδؿСڴ֮ǰͼ֮
˾ͽվȥǰͷɡ
شȻǰ
ǰǿʢ, ϱߵĹδСֱϵǻ֮, ˱仯, սǿʢĺж࣬, ҲǾ, ˵, ÿһӶǾˡսԱ⺷֮ʢ, ȻҲͲȱˡ
ͬͬ, ı, ȴڻʼҵƿ֮СףΪ÷չؼ沢أԭƱƻĸҲ߽ˡıƣ׼ȷ˵ļơֻҪǮļˡ
ǰԬϵľ࣬ڳ͢ЩʿҲԸ׷ʡʽԬҳĵû·ֵµıȻҲ鳯͢ˡ
֪ǻˣȴ׶ϾЩĿ̫ˣǲһټĻš
ܵУϻش֮ΪҲʼóȻж
Լò⣬ȴСӹ˳ûðˣ˵ЩỰ˵ǰȥ㿪ģʵķſھ
Ҳ֪Ѿ˼Ϊʲôʱˣ¡
⻰ﶼ֪˵ʲôá
Ҫ˵أλʥϻǵҪʲôʱĹᱻֻ̲£ܸĹأ
Ц֮ǰܸԼĽɡ
ʲûʶһ㣬ɶĹʮ㡣
׻Ƿֵۺ֮࣬Ը飺ʲôƷҲŴĹãΪβã
иЩΣǵ˵ͷģѾ̽ӹȥˡ⵾ƹҲֻһ깦ǲѵġ
һǲѵĻͷǵ˷ӱڴƹ㣬ٵһˡ
鷴ʣأóȻƹ㣬˲ơ
Ҳǰǿϧˡ
ʾһסͷĹִȴԽԽˡĹһʱ£ǱҪûġ
ʵĴʵҲܲµд㡣
ʮ£ٰڵķҲòˡ
誵У¿ƽʿƺѾѵĲˡ
뿮֮ûж飬Ϊͷв˳Ҵ͵У誸ųһŶǴȻǴҲطʲôߵ͹
Щʿڷ뿮֮ﱻڵùǺ
뿮֮ҲûģֻǰѻЩġ׳Ƥ˵¶һԶǡ
ǰ׼ͶðײáĺˣƤӣҲҪǮòãǱԼ
뿮֮Լж༬֡Ϊѵ£֪Ƕ಻֡Щé®¿ƽʿΪ˿ƾܴ֮չͼһתۣԵ˷뿮֮ᵽ֪ʲô˼伲ࡣ
Ǳȥ¶ʱĶЩӲӣ档ЩҾ΢һЩĽʿֱӶˣϼ΢ЩģҲǶ˦ɫ
¿ƽʿͷһλΪԹٰһĵճл¡
лǽһĸĿ޳ͬƵĽʿϵ׺ż˹̸̬Ҳֻ䵭δƵЩˣίʵЩ˴
ͬһ˴ĻһŽʿˡͬǣ˲˴ΪƶлȻԸ˲ϲҲвǰ̵Χߡ
ΪƯʵĳлµ˷뿮֮صչˣһյĲ¡
뿮֮ҪƢʹһۣл¸˰һ
֪¼¹ȥûаչ
뿮֮ãɸ֣ס˱ƿڴֺݣģȴֱִɵá
ĬĬܡ
ûɣȷʵĲǡܷ½٣ʵ޷˵Լȸһ
лͦżЩ
뿮֮ŭ磺ô˵㻹ˣһʿͷûã
л̲סˣô˵δʧƫģһ±ѡ
㵽ϣѵ鶼ýʱô죿һѡ־ܰȫˣ˵Ρ
лºȻ
뿮֮ӦĻᣬѪͷ²νһذţµĹԱƵģĹ˵ǷǷһ
л±ָűˣûܹء
ţȻһͷ
Ӵ˽ôôĻ˭ˣ
ЩЦζ֪˵֮á
л¸ءСػͷ쿴ǵڵмλʵۣȻǰ
⻹ˣ˸æ
𷽲һʲôԵɡ
뿮֮˵֮һָֻģл£֪СԾδġ
һʿͷлõĻв١ǳãСʦ̵ҲһڿӱҲ̫áˣԺѳɴ¡
Ц⡣
Щֵؿ˿뿮֮Ժͬţָһ¿ԣɲ˵ô˵Ƕˣвģ֮Īɡ
뿮֮һɻ󣬸ϸһ誣ſһĴ
뿮֮˲䶮ˡ
誵ϣ뿮֮˵ڶû˸ҵһȻģ΢Ҳû˵ȷʵʲô
ҡҡͷֻԸǷȱˣ˵Ҫ·ȥģҲع˵Щ¡òĵһա޿ѵ·ӣû߶ԡ
ţ˵滰ˣл¶õѵְĲСãԼλʥϿ̫ˡľʵˡ
ʥ˵Ǻˣ̱
뿮֮һ·ӣҲвͨ
лִôܲУ
ǵδءתͷʶˣǿɶ԰նԣҪʲô
л죬ȴһʱû˵ʲô
Ӳ磺ũ¡
誻Ŀ⣬ĿģȻҲ֪ǽһͬǰɡ
лûΪգֻ¸ǲ⣺ʥϣ˷
ȻҪĦũˡ˵Ƶᣬ뿮֮ǵðеĽʿһϡ
ĸٵģ岻ڡȲֿɲС͸ˣȻҪѵǾѵø׺ˡ⵱طٵģ֪ܵӦֵذɣ֪һ
һʱ誴żٸ¿ƽʿ⹤ĹС
лµ˵طԼʲôõģֱ˵ء
µأлһ
˵ֻǹĦ
뿮֮ڱƨɺһģʥ϶µˣǾţ
л±ߵβ׵ۡ
ûһӾȻĻµذæͲôƽʱЩµأӣĻΪ
ôԱͦġ
뿮֮ŭ䲻ŸʲôϽȥû˶Ѿµ𣿡
л¶һȷʵѾвۣһµˡ
ĶͷѾɹ쵽ˡ
ӣл
ˣ뿮֮νѭӦˬˡٲȥı˱ȥˡ
лɹһͷǺľת
ߵһȻæתôȥ
뿮ָ֮һţȥȥôķϻ
лߵ۵ƨɣֻñ﹡ϡ裬̽һ£أԥ
ͷЩСӣҲڶл¡
Ҳµء
ȵл¶һֻţմࡢö˶˵ЬӱŪǲʱл߳ױƣ˼
ҪЬˣ·Ҳˣ˶ˣ
ộ


61  
Ҫ븻·
調һͷߡ
ϵ˼, ҲЦһлô࣬ǱĺáǹũģϷġ
ôεεݸ˭أ
л⳰Ļ, ˸Ϊݡôʥǰڮʥο
лţûм࣡
üͷ, ׾Ϸ·šӲš֡
˿ֲ´󣬵㵹
лɫԽˡ
˵صˣ̲ס͵Цǰôûлô, µôʲôѵģ
л²ǲ˰ɣ
˵л¾
Ҳ, ȷǲңֱ߹ǣˮŸˡ֪, ǿɶҪũµģµض, һգ޷ĵؽһƽУ

뿮֮ĵ⻰ʵĲл£һȺˡ
лȫ誵˼ֻǾµص, ˮǷŸ, ໹ġղش, л¾ηҲ߹ȥȥ, Сͽ¾ûմôණүƽʱԵõ, һǸɸɾ
ʵ, ЩͷڹꡱҲԸµءлǰͷ, ҲԵͻˡ
Ψз뿮֪֮СӡҪ治µ, ͷɾ͵ùˡʥһֱС۶, ϣȱԼϻҪҡ
û׼лԺ󶼱˵ٶˡ
뿮֮һغˣǺݺģһơ
л˲ȥ
ʵ̫ͻȻл´󾪣֪ʲôص˲ʶֳŵأŪԼѡ᲻һѣֻǲԼһۡ
ˣл»ˤģҡ
˫ֳӴлųһ亹æǸɾģָȴˣ
ǣϻһֻſſĳӣ
ӣ
лºëէ˲ͷԷſա
﹡ϵķ뿮֮״ĵµһʱֻԲסˡ
꣬Ϊл»󳳴֣ȴʲô
Ȳԣ첽߹ȥ
ɸյл¸ǰ۷ֱĿ͡
л£誻һ
л»̧ͷһգٴȥ
ɵˣɲɵģ˲ɰ
Ƿ뿮֮Ӧ죬Աߵ˽˼ݳȥڵҽݡ
ˣ調һǼҲ֪ѵǽ̲ˡֻĿⴥͷվŵЩСӡǣһ£ٺģʱˬ
߳øĸ٣
ԭ誴ѵǼգȥϡЩ˻úءǹȥҲΪһЩһһҪǵ̹¿ǰɣưɣи۵ģ
ˣҲûˡ
ɢ˰ɡ誷Ը
ȱȱػ˹誻ûü뿮֮ҪʲôڽЩ˴ȥͷةࡢ˻Ҫ
æǽ
ųΪ֮¡
ȴĹڻ֮ǰΪڶڲ֣˵ԬѾʱսʡְ˼ϡ
ղ˶ǱߴϢ˵ݾЩԣĹǲ
誳üЩʲô
Щûνģһıڸݵȵأݵȵطϡ˵ĹĹ͢ԾɰǵˡȻҲٳٲɵطǰȥñܡ˵ݣݰƱҪ䵱ȷĲĹգĹҲۡ
ЩģԸŶû׸
ų˵ʣʥϿҪЩ¿ƽʿǰݵȵسΣ
Ϊ֮ƣĲҪġ
誺γ֪أֻǾܾˣЩ˹ȥǰѰѱݵУļʶʵѵΡ
˵誾һӵ°һƾ٣ѡĶЩ¶ģɰˡ
ųɴϲá
֪誳Ŷͷ룬ĿȻڲ˵Ĺ˻ϣ۾һ
ˣ
˰䣬Ըްƽ£
˻գգ۾漴Ե߾ȫ
Ĵǣ߾ȫ޴㻮һͳϽơˡ̡ӱݡ˵˰ǳвŲߣ޿㣬ȫⶫΡ
˻һǡҪζ֪
ŲƷСٶȻֱӱ֪ǴǴʥϸǰ̷ʱ֪һְ˻ϵŶ㡣Ϊȱˣ½һҲûʲôʥ۵ģֻҲܵõôĻᡣ
˻ϻ̹ȻӦ£ǰ΢ߵлʶ
ã誸ơ
ϲ˻ηľ͵г徢Ȼǳһ֮ȴϣԼֵµ˶ܸƴҴ
ų״Ҳûʲô顣ų֪ϲ˻ϣ˴㣬ҲǼֲˡųԼе㱾¡ҪȻù˻ϡϡľҪ˼꣬͵λ͡
ųڹ˻ŹµģϹһ飬ĵá
˭ỹûƤ࣬ûأ
Ҳüһˣֻ誣ⶫ·ĸںδ
ҲûãʣǾأ
ոΪ֪Ĺ˻ϣʱҲ˵λýҪǸ֮ء֮УǺ֮Уƺӣػιأͨʵʤ֮ءΣ
Ͱ˵İ죡İ塣
ųһ飬ôоʥ϶أ
ȷʵûϸ룬ֻϵĻطǲһϱӵľһʱ뵽ʲôæͬ˻϶ȥ׼շʥּձ̡ʲôֻܸᣬȱʲôʲôҲֻܿڣܰ͢ʵڰﲻˣֻ뷨ˡܷչʲôģȫ˼޲ܣԼֻһ㣬ȥǶ֮󣬶Ĵ̽Ǳ󡣡
˻æӦ¡
誼Ȼô˵ƶġɲú̿Ҳв١ĹҲȱ󣬻ȱýؿֵضҪũߣսսٲ˱ɼôҪ
һգ誶δЪƬ̡
齫ߣŵϲֹѾͷȺʱˡ
һˮûкϼڣָ˲ǣ´˽ɡ
ûãıزˡһģׯµĸ롣
Ľȷʵ⣬ôãв˾Ѿ׬Ǯˡ
誻㱨ġ
飬дĶв˾Щӵ顣һ˵˵˵Ž˵ˣʼϲӡ
ٴ졢ȵؽаԳޡЩһ֪Ů˸ӵǮ׬ˣ
˵ĭɣĸŮӲΣǽϵ֬ˮǳڣ˵ضܴΣΪ׬ǮֻһΪд˿ڵĻӣǵƷĹԶ
զ࣬üһʼڻˡ
д⣡
裬΢΢һЦǺ⣬ֻЩ׬ĶСǮиһģ°Ը
ġסһ֪誾Ǻ˼ʲôǱȵ֬ˮ׬Ǯģ
š
ȻС
֪г࿹⣬Ѿγ౱׵ľ档ĹΪԽҤΪҤԡǴǹվտһֵǧ𡣵йĴԶԶֹ׶ɫ
誼ǵãԪ໨ɱǴʷ̱ʽԾԪ֮ǰ״ʵĻϣճѰԴɡɫ໨ǻ˺ɫ졣䣬֮໨죬ǹǺõĻʤա
ǡã誶Щ໨о
調Ų̫ĳģԼС̣׬Ǯķܽ㣬׬Ǯ߳ɶ·
û誾Ҫ·Ҫ븻·ĹЩ·޿ˣ
л˵
໨ɵǶԴڰٶ¡йʷݱ̼֤ʱǨղء


62  
һȺĸ
̫ɽʱĴӵг
ڲŵֽ, ЩƲȻʥϴƱ˵һƳʲô໨ɡɷⷽǴĶʱʥȴ˵ǴʲôϿ, ϸǴһ, زˡ
ҲΪˣĶνķӸΡ룬˵ճ໨, ճҲءʥ϶ӷ⿴أߵʱⶣҪй¶
̾, Ųصػȥˡ
δңֻв˾ͷвڵȵĽĻȥʱֵµ˱㶼Χ˹, ׷ʥǷͬǵļƲߡ
ǼȱֵطҲһҵ֤Լ, в˾
˵ͽ˶֧ȥֻĸ
誵Ľ渵óŷӣ֣µطϡ
ĸ, һ˳ⷽ, ô֮ǰδ໨֮
ɫᡣ
ôǲ׵İɡ
ʲô˵, ǴɫҲɵ֪¶жס
ԼҲ֪Ѱ졣û취ʥϾ׬Ǯ, ǾͱҪ׬Ǯʥ϶Ѿ, в˾Ҳòӡĵ֬ˮ۵ķʥҲûв, , ִ, һ֬, һ߶Ҥ
˵⽨ҤǮǳ
ĸǳصص˵ͷ
ˡĸ֪ܲأΪñܣҤضñͣ⽨ҤǮǿ϶Ҳ͡
û׬Ǯȿˣʵǲ㡣
ĸĸһۣ̾
˭ҲûҤǮʥ⣬Ǿ£ʲô취ʵûа취Ҳֻˡ
һʱ뿮֮˵ɵǮ࣬ѻ죬һ˵У
ǸˣȻҤȻ㲻ִָ֣ϻһǮ׼ѡַѡùЩӱ㶯
ٰǱĻңǹȴˣʽĹУҲҲ
в˾Ϊ誵Ѫæͷת򣬶ٰлңл±̧ʱû
лµĸҴ壬ϥֻлôһӣƽ۳мӣûжӳԹࡣɽʥȥһ˳˾һ磬ϱൣˡ
ЩʱлתѺȻɫ
ۻˣڳ⾿ʲôôųⷬģ
л뵽ֻϵĳ棬жģǸŻ
ٲ׷ʣ˺ˣĸײˣЪŰɡ
лɫ԰ףиΪ
룬ιȥЩ˱ضЦˡϲˣ˸ϲ侮ʯĻôܲסֻȥʱ֪ʥϸǰˡ
лǹ⾰ĵų⻧
ίʵЩˡ
ôôأ
л¿ڴϣҡ
ҴҴǣֹЩ굱ô鷳ģ˲߶ôܵ٣һЩƫԸȥ֪жˣ
Ҫ˵ʲôƾټֱǺ֣̻Ӷ볯ˡֱǻ֮ôĹأ¶ˡ֮Ǳˣڹأ
ЩƪۣлŲͣ۾¡
ϼ״ΪǣȴҲüţֻ˯
ɷʱҲշ龡֪ˡԹ£˵Ҳ֪ʲôʱֽŶմ֪࣬ضµˡǻд˼ҵĹȥµصģ˵ܲˣһܲˡúһĴӣ챻ڳģʥҲģ
лɲؽ䣺ĻҲ˵ģԺǧҪںǰᡣȻͻ̫ǳˣزסġгһʥǰ¶ͷ;㶼ˡ
ϱ뷴ȴҲҲĻֻܰ̾ǰ˼ңõֺñˣ
˵䲻ģϵһλλҲصЩҴ塣ԶĲ˵ĳʱˣʱҴԺհȻʱЩҴûˣҲ͡ôλʥһλǸһĲֵأ
ﲻҲ֮顣Ͼл֮ǰǰԺչ
ڣл²ûưİǳݣΪСŴϰߡ
лһδߣշһֱԺ˸ֱһΡ˵ʲôһȥˡȥ⣬ȻҲᶪ
ǰõĻҲƽôĿˡ
лһҹû˯ڶȻġ
誵֪Ϣ֮ȥһȦ
ЩʿǼˣͬЩ˻ϲЩԾԾԣЩ˰Եִֶʲô˼
ʧЦ֪̲Ծǰڻ¶
лһЪһաȵڶһûнڸʱʰݣ׼ȥ
ʵöûڼҶЪϢٹȥ
л²ϣЪϢһֻ¶ڱ˵ǶЪգ֪ǻڱ󳰷ʲôء
˵ˣлʥ϶ʧ
ŤŤȥ֮л±Ϊ˵ĳ뻧Щ˼ƽһеĵͷʾ⣬еֱЦЦ͹ȥˣʼնδ׮¶еƽϵǲǲˣô˼٣
л治֪λأɼ䣬ͼ˱һĴԱƹ
˶һ֮˲ŲĿ⣬ֱӺл¡
л˼ԼС֮ĶȾ֮ˡ˻ûôᡣ
лӦֱ֮ӽӣһתͷͼһǶŹģ顣
㡭лֹʣôûͷڮ
̧һƣﲻµͷ
л¾ϻġƲ˼ң˼ѹҲûһ¡ô࣬ȴʲôûֻСˡ
ʱлûȥע⡣ȥϢˣ֪ǲʲôҲû˵Ϣǽ˾ȡ
ȷʵؿƿҲδȡЦ顣ƽߵýģ˽ʱлºڴˡ
޶⣬ȡЦԾᡣ
Щл¸оԼһſѾˣۡ
һл¶˾͸ûеˣ֮ǰΪΪ˼
֪л»Ѿ˴㡣ǵ磬ٴ˻
л¼ʱķֱ
調ǿʼţ㰲ģΪµصġ
µأлһɡǲµصĻĶ˵
Цеɨһۣ˵˽⣺в˱Щԣ޿ʹ۶ò龩ǸĲ˼ۺۡǽշ飬ССеĸ˶˱ֵ
лµһɡڻտҪ׶ˡ
أǰȥ˵ʱֻŴ鲼й¶ݡڽִɾա֮ڣҪÿһļǮǺáЩʱ޻ȥ飬©˱Ǵ˴ο˲ͨ
лԾԾԣЩƺҲѡ
ƼԷֺԼҲֺˣ˳һζӵС
棬ЩȥеĹǣ޵ǵĺϢ
л¼ܳôʿʥΨǶѲɣʥǣ
ֻҪһ뵽л¼˱¶ҪáƯ
誶ЦЦȥɡ
׵ĸǡ


63  
Ĳġ
лһ˶ټ򵥲ˡ
誼״Ҳû˵ʲôֻֽ, ֵǮĶˡԴˣ誽˵δͷǮЩֵǮĶΪá
лǴҪȥĵط, ȴʲôҪǮʱ
ʥ, ȥͷǴ۸ģֲȥġ
誵Ц
ǮƣתͷͰǸˡѹѹһȺ뿪֮, վԭһȻԷ뿮֮ʵϵþͷЩӵܣ
뿮֮誵ɫ, ֪Ǻ˼˼ŵ˵ͷʶһƽҲûʲô
Щӵǿɲһģ
һ֣ʶͺáһ, Ҽһӵܣڼп¶
˵, ֽ֣ǧţǱ߶Ҫֵס
뿮֮誵˼ˣֻǣ, ǲǲã
ʲôݣֻ, ǻ᲻ʲô¶
, 誻ϣЩ۵ĶźءЩСǣҪ֪ն, ֪ԼͬĳЩ, ƽﶼôѹߵġ
űһȥ, ֻǷַ뿮֮ûи, ֻͷʣߣ
ߣȥĶ뿮֮ЩãȻ
ȻǼһ޵Щʿ¶ġ
ʵ֪, ǵûıҪеĻ, ٶһЩʱ䣬ֻҪܳɲŷѵ㹦ʲôʵڲЩҴҲûʲôڵıҪˡ
뿮֮æϣĵлһ£ʥϣǵùˡ
һߣлһ˳˻ãڵٰǵг
誷Ը˵ҪǰͨˣسҲûи䣬ͽġٰǲǴĻЩˡһȺôͬʵעĿЩͷģֻǴ²ԣߵ˱²⣬Ҳ֪ĸԺͷ˼٣Щѧˡ
ʿ·ڷֱ𣬸ȥ˸ԵĲС
࣬ûֵõطָл·ֵһ
гʵԶжУиԶгרŽţƥġΪòԶ⻷ζȻҲû취ˡ
˻ûȥ֪ù˼ҳģܲζµЩûĹᣬ¶
ʵҲȷˡ
лµ˸ʱȻûвףֱſڡ
ʱùһ磬ɲɵģǹζȫƮ˹һ˵лϡ
Żл
˼л¸ŻԱߵЩүҲ룬ɫɫ죬ЩȴˡҲǣƽ㶼ڲϣ֪ʲôأ
ζôôأ˱ﲻסˡ
Ц㱾ʹһЩζο֮󻹵ÿƶǣζȻš
һ˵ƶǣл¼̲ˡ
˼ңѾԼһµĴˣ۾۵ɣָЩûõġ
ֱӽС
ιлںһȻϽ֡
˲ܲ˵ؽȥˣлºÿüͷ΢΢𷽲Źʱʥ϶ǵнлҲĽжԷʧɸ׷ȥһа紵ﲻʡ
Ҫǲȥ񲻾ͱˣл˼룬ȥˣſڱǣͷȥ
ƴˣ
Ϊʥϣ⵹ùĽʿŲԸ⵱ءлȻҴ壬Ȼĸ˫Ҳʱ߶ʵۼλ֮ǵӷǰùˣлɶλ»ʶġפٻʱл±֪λ򵥡ò׵һλۣл²Ͼʹ䡣
첽ϡ
жûüͷл±ͻȻӱ˹硣лȻҪһȥͣΡ
˵ĲĻԼϵĲڡ֪˲û͵˼˵һǹл¶ϰˡ
ôˣ
ѵҾͲܣ
˲첻ѣΪĻηءƳЩҲʵʵظŹ˲ţЩĿҲûзﵽǸݶϡ
л¼ȻˣŰϽ꣬ν糬ֻиϽŪˣǲ뿪ط˶лԼ
һʮˣһ飬Ϊ㣬ֱĸʼǮлڱĵطãʩʱȴȨһ˵˱㲻֪ôĶ죬ʣİš
Ծɸлһ顣
л°ֵԼһߣȴǺӣҪǿ˲һ飬Ҳôء
˳ǲǻлл
лŲĿ⣺˭ϡлˣ
ˣ˻ǰɣ
һ仰û˵תߡ
л¿ɲԼģΪԼȥζܽоѾһˡʼǮʱ֪ԼĻ̫ˡ
л¸ҸЩ˶ӡ
Ʃ£ŸֵΣϺл¿Լжʣʣ˵ȥãһ˶ԺȣܺȺüء
һɣҽûأ㣬Σ
ϺݹᾣƤڣģȴǸҺʵġл㣬˵ҲЩʵϻ
ĿⶢţлȴҶŲ·ˡ
ѾǵĸˡͷһҪǮȴ֪ԼֵǮڻˣһӶûСлβѵ˳ǸС̯ȵڶҲ˵Լжʱлѧˣһ䶼Ҷʡ
һ䶼ǶǵĲ̣ϾҲǮ׷˱˵ڴ
ʥûǽǮ¾ͺá
ͬлһܵĻˡҲͷһУҲͷһ֪֮лһȺŬŵˡ
л¸ǰĺ廪ݣ治Ľʧ
룬Ҳû취˭ûǮءǮҲʲôվޣӼõϵЩˣô࣬ҪӼãôܽӼõù
һʱ䣬ﶼǳģˡ
öˣлǶƸСΪ֪ϱռ
ǻеġ
һǣһµ誸뿮֮Ա߹˺һǴӲпУִʳУЩʿα֣誶һ
ÿл⼸
ǵΣܵ˵ġ˶޶ԣҪúÿǿǸòֱȡǽʿˡ
վſһʣҵҵô
ҵˣŴ
䣬ͷһˡ
Ϊ׵λнԾ˳ƽɡ
֮ıûʧסӣһֺʣ˵طɽ㣿
ǧȷҶˣ˵и̯רɽ㣬ǵһƷִַүӲһȥҸ׼үӺ˱ʲô
ԾҲȱʲô¥ͷƹҪ̧ؼ檡˼￴¥Ůأû취Ծֻ⡣
ȻطŶЩˣֶܲܿ顣
ǵĻ㿴˷뿮֮һۡ
뿮֮ģñˡ
ĵ밮ļˡ
ȻǹģɲռõضȥǸС̯ԱߣһܿľλãȥΡ
ȻȽԾҪʱ򣬾̯˵ձ˶ˡ
ԾˣвүҵǸӣɲҪҪ
С̯ˣ֮ǰλүȶµġ
Σҳ˫ļǮ
С̯ԸԶţԺ˭
С̯ԸԾ֣Ǳ˿ڽ֮
ԾҲûôϡ㣬Խ򲻵Խ
ߣжϽֹ̯ѾˣɾסЩ
ԶлµҲ˶
Ϲǰŵص˭ģҲáҿϻǻˣ֪һ˭˵㣿
лͬ˶һۣ˴е
ļҷųɵأ


64 Ʒ 
ֱȥ١
ԾȻǷҪɵġ
Ϻ״ҲЩ, ոѾ˱˵Ǯ˵ҷٹáϺʧˡЩǿʶ, ϺǺúýͽͣλ, Ҳ㣬ʵѾ˶ˣܲ˱˵Ǯͷֲ, õҸ£, вУ
ϺѾ΢˼㡣ȻѾ˵Ļ֪ġ
ȻһⲢûʲô졣
Ծᣬûԣȡȡ, ôķϻٸҶ죬̯Ӷˣ
調ŻܡЩСӵôôأʣ˭ҵģ
뿮֮ĬĬĵһǸ, ˵ʵҵġ
⽪ԾǽСӡ
סòʣģ
뿮֮ͷġ
Ҳڽˡ뿮ֻ֮Ըµǰ¶ΰ¡˭ҵˣ뿮֮㲻ܱ֤ˡ֪ǽĶӵĻ֪Ҳû, 뿮֮Ӧò顣
Ҳáӽֵʥϸǰ, Ҳǽƽս޷
˿ȥ, ˽簡۸һ˼ͷˡ
ҿ, Ҳֻ۸۸˼ˡⲻģ, Ϲᱻġ
Ǿǡ
Ⱥ˾֪Ǻö, Լ߼ֱ޷, үôһ, Ǹ
ڳĶǼҾһ, ǸϺһ۸Ȼͬ顣ЩִԣеֹСˣԼԼмֽ˽ԾĶ䡣
Ծ߳ŭ֪ˣͲУֱС˹˱ǣʡôķϻ
˶Ѿˣ㣬Ҳø
үӣ˭Ҳ
ԾһɣȻҺԺȰƫǾͱҲˣ
Ϻ˺һ㡭ҪʲôǾǡ
Ծô¹ʾһ
ԾߵЩСආǶѾϰߵˡ˵ղվʱǾ̲סˡûбԭʵζ̫ţЩõҲӳ졣
õǾһ֣
Ҳ֪ѵ㾿ʲôģԣ£Ȼ֪һá
һʱ䣬С̯
Χ۵˼ǾȻĸҶ֣æϺԼС̯ǰӵЩ竡
϶ҪˣһȥԾ̧һߡ
ϺͱϾˣһûվȣֱȥ
ûˤϣˤһȴ˷סˡ
ϺͷһǼģĶˣлλˡ
л΢΢ףֳŽԾЦҵļҷ磬ǽ˴۽硣
Ծ䲻ı˳׼ĸôۣһ˶һ
۾ԼˡϸȷʵǸߵл²١Ҫ˵Ծͬ޵ǸˣǱضлˡҲֻл²ɻҶϵá˵ĴڣΪġл»ͷЩˣԾĻʶ
ҵĳӡĶӡɽԺٶҡĹŵӡüһЩôУ
ԾƶԼſ϶ûġԼŶ֣Ծо
ļСආ֪飬һĴ鲼Ϊĸ֪µĶˣҲȥвʶĸϽҹһ򣡡
ô廪ЩٻĴûаøУǼҽӣҲҶ֣
ôʵ
ҲΪ廪仰˲ſʼע⵽ɫԣôˣЩˡ򲻵ã
ԾûдǡС¶ûЩǣȻǲµġ£ǶĶЩİô˵䲻ģǽʮҲȥͷлǲһ㲻ֵͷԺԲ˶ߡ
ԾĿһòģλôܵˣ
ɵɡ
ǲ֪㽪ô硣ҿҲʲôֱȥŰɡлº
˶߿һۡ
ȷʵлһ߸ϵģŷ֣ԭл²ܶ˭ôһӸµӡ
ǸǸ¶竣ò˵о΢
ԾѾסˣú˵ģлĲӣֱǼҺôҲҸͬҲͬţٳ̧ͷͷģֵ̫񲻻޹⣿
лƣɱһǡ֣޹ֻнһˡ
ӴǸأԼӶܲã̳ܽĶʲôΧ۵ˡͿǲˬˣһòݺܸߵ˳ͷŽᡣԾ˳
Ծҧҧսл£вл£üþգҪƲԳԷơ
лǲԸȥˣҲֻܶ䡣
˵꣬ȱɨһ¡
磬ԾҲû뵽ôһ֣⧲ͱ̵ˡ
Զ誶۾һ
û뵽硢̬ĹӸ磬ȻǸء
ԾͷŵЩվסˣֱӻȭл¼лµ˵ǶˣȴҲ޸֮Щ˻ܱȻ¡ټԱҲǳصģˣֵܹĻᡣ
ߣȥˡ
У˲㻹˴ˣлţùҲʡû뵽л»ζӳ£ȴǿصһл
лºһҲûŰ㡣
ǳЦһ
Լһ˶ڣл²ûô֣ҲмڸЩ˶֡Щһл¶ࡣ
ĸģΧȴûôĹ˼ˣǷűĵЩˣŰ˵ĻᣬеĻ͵͵ųԼͷڶ
ߵĵԾˣеԽԽҡڱʱ򣬲·ߵȫǽӡ첲һƬǱ
һ̣Ծĳס
лµ˵Ļ֮·뿪У֮ǰϺ̯Ӹ
һйƽ֮課ˣȥˡ
뿮֮ˣˣ
Ȼɲ˽ĶӡǴԣ䲻ء
課ˣϺ̯ϵȫ¡˵ЩʿǾ˼ҵҲʵ飬誱Ųһ¡
Ϻôû뵽ĺ£ʱ˷ŵĺ£ʼ̵Ǯˡ
誵ʲôʱͲ˸˵һұضһġ
誵ͷУ»رض㡣
Ϻֵúϲ£졣
ֻҪܰˣ¶ʲôأ
ô㣬ԼҲǳԲģַԸȥЩѷһ飬кüˡ
˼һЩЩʩȥˡ
뿮֮е֮󣬺֪ʶһ˼ǵ¶ûء
誷ʣȥٸˣ
뿮֮˵ͷֽλʿıֶϸϸ˵ˡ
°ܼ͡Ϊߣ˵ЩֵعҾǺϸɡ
뿮֮һ㶼ش𣬱ϾʥһֱǸˡ
һߣһӵŤ͵ٸʿԼͬſ档
һ档ֿ˴ѹŵЩ竡ǣ˺ȻĬ
ͷ¶ˣ


65 ı 
ˣýƲɡ
ߵ˶ͨ, ֽСȻơ
Ǹڵʱ򣬶һ˹Ҳ磬Ƕǰ, Ŷ, Ǹ˸պòڡΨһͬǣвΪˣΪһ軨
Ҳ, ֻǵˣЩΪ֮
֮, ˵ٴγĬˡҲ֪˭ĬĬ˵һ䣺ɵδЩˣƺõһ
ˡ˻һ£Ըʵûֿ, Ǿֻɣ
˻һĿ⸴ӵؿһۡ
ð, ǵû˵ˡ
˲л¸廪Ҳڡ
ѾˣҪٿʵ̫ɵˡʱʥϼǵĽǵǮӸùȥ, ֻ¡ǽյѱƺ, ǵһһҲڱ˵ƿ֮С
ˣ˺֪һ£ǷŹץ, ûнʥϽ꣡
һ˵ԱҲȻ𣺡ڸϽЩ͵ٸ, ɻü
, ֮г, Ļ˸Ǯأ
лһ, зꡣҲЩ֪, ƶԼץǶԵ, ʶһʥϵֱʣֲȷ
ȻǵȷץˣҲԭ׵Ժʥ֪ˣ᲻ǰ²
Ը۵أ潪ԾһȴܲίҪҪɱǵı㣬˩ͷǸʲô¶
ⲻⶪǵ˿ɲ٣Ծ϶ٶ˲ʣ˰˹֪ж
ЩһɵһǣԾ˿ĿԴ͸ĻѾˡ
廪ɣ񱨲٣

˶
ûҲýЩͽٸ޷竣ͷԼη
һͬ⣬˹ٸ
ΧȺڲҽȥȴٳδɢȥ
кЩʵڼĿȫ̡һ·ġ˲֪£㿪ʼɫءݡЩӵܵžͷݵ쾡¡
ڡͷӲˡ
Щ˼Ϊϰղñ۸
ҿЩҲ͡
ǸǵֻͣҪǺãͳˣȷΪǳһڶ
˻ǴģΪһ䡰ǳߡͷС
ͷ¼˹ʡ֤֮Щʿǲű˱ϹϾš
ճţ˾ͷǱһȺΧסˣΧſڡ廪˻Щ֪룬ǿûΧ
Ϊǳʲô£ЩʵȴǽԾǲıͽˡ
֪ʲôλģ¶ģѾѺȥˡ
ǻضð
᲻Ǽһ˾ͱųȥˣǰҲ£ǵȶһȣ浽ͷ˵Ǽв˴һ£Щ竱⣬ٷؼңûһڹ֮⡣
лüͷһ壺£
ǧȷҪһ£ܴġ
Ⱥé®ովΪĽʿͷӿ޵ķ߿֮顣һȣ㿪ʼŵλģԶţǸҲִͬһ浽ǰ
ã
ģ
ȺͻȻһҵĻòϢÿ˶쳣Ͼǰû˸Ҹ˱ϡЩ˵ʺϳǽȻվһ飬Ǿߵˡ
ֻҪվͬһߵģǾǺˣ
Ⱥ֮е֮಻廪˱üȼΣһʱýȷʵһĺ¶һʱֲԼǰû¡
㵱нʿʱҲûȡ
Ǵǰδûб˿ͷв˶ãƽﱻ¹ҲʲôǽźȻ֣ܵκο϶ûһĳô
лؿһЩȺһۡǲ޹ϵȴĲ֡
ԽûУԽǿء
л´ǰԼĳ̸ϽҲˡͨҲǾͷ塢ȨʱֻԼһײ˵һޣһȦԱ֮˷⣬ǲڱ˵ļΪˡ
лЩ˵ͬĻڡ
ò״Ǳˣ˻˲žеһЩûɣȿųʱԼδɵֿʼ㷲
ӲͷƤ߽ȥִ֮㵵ط֡
ʥϾȻûߣ
üûߣǺܾȣ
æҡ
誻˿ǣֱЩ˶﷢𣬲ЦЦؿڵ쾴ߵ׵ıɣ
Ⱥ쾴￩һ£˷·𶼷ˣһʥϾȻǵ֣һ汻ʥ֪˸ŵð
ԭʥϵֱʣ
Ŀߵһź֮˵Щ˶ģ˵ַ˼ȥ̲
ź֮ŵõ¡
ȥ̲ûûʲôȥ̲ΰɣɲڰ
調Цãûʲô
ź֮ö
ɣղǿġ誱֤
ź֮Ĩһٺȫˡ
ֿͷõл¸ȳˣ޽ǵ񣬶ûǰɣ
л¸˲ص˵ͷ
ҲʵʵϴǽһΪʹʹˣȷʵЩ³çհǰ˺Щȳһȥٸ͹ˣʵڲÿ˶ȥ
ЦЦͷԵģΪ޻
˲ȷʵôΪġ
޻ûôС誵ӣȻǶ
лµ˵ͷ
˹ӣŵ֮ǰ岻ڡȲֲ֣ԸıĹִǽ֮¡һǿͨˡ
һ㶣ԼĶ䡣
ֻЩ棬Ҳöأͨôˣ
л³һ̽ŻصֻսЩȥٸԼ׵Ժ³ç
ȴֻԼ£ǲ³çܸнʿضǴˣҲµ˽Ϊʲôɺ˰ɣҲǣշȷʵЩֽţЩ޷ˣҲмƣ׷ףΪ̫࣬ˡݵλͣ࣬һЩʿϵ׺񡭡
誻䣬һЩ˰ͷ͵
ǽöԥذǶͽ˹ٸǽջ޲ǴǰʲôݣǸ߸ϵӵҲãܾ۵ĺҲգһǵ֪ءǱֻһݡһյĸĸ١ΪΪԩⶼӦġ
誽ǵοУжĹϣհҵ⻰ˣǱǳͷβĻȥ˵طӦ޿ĻҪһЩ޽·ţΪطĳһգҪֻھЩԱĿܹҵʳǡȥ˵طϣ޵ٰ֣ǣĿ֮أʣµı޳Īˣÿǰá
л´δ誻˵Щ
˼誶еڴлǱԼ治ˡ֮ǰǾȻʥǣֱС֮ĶȾ֮
֪룬˵Цǲ٣ҪҲġ
˭֮ǰţ
ĻѾ˵ڶ˵Ҳûʲô˼󽻴Щʱ䣬ΣúȥͷһĿʲôʱ򿴳ٰǷһ棬뵱ùٲԶˡ
̣ܽĿ誸ɴ뿪
ߺ˻ڻ誵ǷԽǻ룬Խҵ
û뵽ʥϾȻǿ֮ء
л뵽ԼϻؾȻΪεѰҵʥϵԶ
ź֮飺磬ȥнδɵ꣬Σ
йٸ˽һ£ò࣬һ
ȷʵ¶Ҳܰæ
Ҳ£һźˡ
֮ǰΪӪĽʿǣȴΪ˲鰸ǰӣһ¶
˻誣뵽ǿɶĽԾ̲ˡ
ϻŲˬأѱˣ


66 ȡ֤ 
齪
, ˵Ⱥڲ壬ֱԼɹϴԵĽʿùѾȥгмˣ˵ǻ׼һٰ
С, 
ʮ, ŵϲ֪ʵ֪Ĳࡣ
ǲϤʰ˱ûõ, ֻŵϲϾλ˼ҿǷʷôˣ֪Ϣ˭ࡣ
ʼٰ֪һ, ŵϲ֪ʲôһ±ƴԴȻλʱ㵱ٰ֪, ⾰ˡƽƽΪڽ, ͬд󲿷ֹԱϵǡ顣
˾񣺡ϸ˵˵
ŵϲԴ˵Ľ޸˽飬Ľˡ
ϵԲö˵
һƽƽҲٰ֪ϴô, ˵ûа誸ţʴǰ̬Σ
ŵϲʥϼ޹޹, ̬ƽƽ
ŵϲû˵, Ȼƽͣϲ, Щֹ߻˶Ŀ, Ȼʲû׷
Ȼ, ȴͬһ, , ǳé®ĽʿȴпΪҽԾײǹ, ĺýڣðײá
ǵڶմ󳯻ϣ誱㵱ڵ˾¡
ֻз뿮֮վŭ⽪μҲϡں¶ϣ뿮֮Ĭûȱ
һͬؽȥĻвˣֻǼҪôԹְֻڳа¡Ҫô˳ȴ󳯻ģΨһֱŭ뿮֮䳰ȷģֻн
ίȴӱõ˰ѱֻ
誼ﶼһҲӣЦȻҲμҲϡףǱȥʮˡֻһǣɵŹѮˣԴǲҪųΪǵĺá
һͣڴ˰
ʥⷬ˵꣬Ļʲôǰ̿ԣʱʣǵҲûˣǴˣôӻǸӣ
ǧǲҵڶײ
調Ҳˬһۣȥ췣
һ΢
調һ۶÷ĿڵʱĵôλûΪģﶼλԼҲʮڽϣһأͲ֪Ǵ˭ˡҲ뵱ڶˣȥ͸޺Լ޶ˣ´Σģ
ͷƤһǼ׵ĶЩ£ﱾͲ̫ƽˡ
ʥ⻰ȻǲˣԺúԼɣ֮㡣
˰Ӳ㣬ͷһ￴ֵͬŸùǺؼЩЦǺǵؿĲ״󣬻˵ؼһ䣺
ҺҼûôµĺӡ
ѽҼǸƽﵹͦԴСȴͿģӲˡ
ҵһλƢֶ꣬ҲȷʵݶЩʥ
ޣ
ҺӲŲ£Ҳźݶ
˵ɺҪЩ̬ظ
ӲزǷƱǿôңǼ˺ϲġ
ʲôʱѽԾӻ
˶ƶɰ˸ӻһ֡
Ѿһˡ
ҳϱ߻簮ӣԴ΢ʣδ߳𣬵ǳӻ֮ǽ¸֪ﻰⶼǳϱơ
ǳϱԣ֪ûñҲִ¡
Щʱ˵ü̧˻˵ǱԾ۵ģһЦӦˡ̶̣ƣǲù˭ù
ûǼ¡
µ֪Թ֮࣬Ҳδ¹ֻʥСʹѡ˵ףǽ̫ˣ飬˵;ϣة඼øֱأΪС¾һ겻ˣ
˴֮󣬲Сӵ顣
ˣɫҲӽվȱֳϵˣָͷ˻ء
ϲ⣺ôˣǰҲˡ
ǰû֪ͱˣܻǰһأ
ֱӣĩֲָͷȻʱûô£
ةͷŵʱûô¶
ɫѣǲһλɲôˡ
ܲһӶŲȥɣǴ˸˰ˡ
̾ô죿ʥҲû˵ֻȹţʲôʱʥٻȥһɡ
˵Ҳ֪
簮Ӳ٣ûл˼尲ΣЩһֱ̲
ԾΪԼպܳȥգȥʳ˿ˡ
գͷԸԼԾһֱ֮Ӱ߷ˡͷ๾عηͷ
ĹͷǺŪ˭أҪˣ
ͷһȴûһһԾʹȥˣ˭Ҳû˽Դ
Ծһ䣬ҳȥҪǺÿ
ҲҪģԾӣӲʱ˵ؽе
Ծ˳ǽ»һȺҵȥһӣ
˾ˣƽʱôãؾȻҲȥ֮һҪúøһ״ɶĵǸͷӣ֮ôùȫΪǸͷӣʹذ㽻ûôһŶģôûأ
ԾֻǿŭͷȴԼ֪صòƸͬΪ֪ѹûԾ˾ضá
Ϊò׼ͷĹϵԲһֱţҲû˸ȡ
ôҲǸͷ
ͬʱлµҲʼֲ
˶ղعܼ˫סҲиĸ֪ǵ֪飬ضֹǡȻǼҪ˭Ҳʹ
û˭ҪǣֻǾҪһҪһۣͬܲˣǻʲô
ôţһȺĺ˴֮вĦ¿ƽʿȴΪͬһ˿ʼĥϣԺ
֪ǿʼ˶֮󣬱ԸŵϲЭ
˾Ƿ£ҲôײЩʿǺõģûǣͷǸͷӬһתҲ¶
ҤߣĺײŽðá
νǮʹĥֻҪǮλˣҤˣˡ
¾㱸ֻǷ硣
ľһ¯Ϊ˸ӣվǸӣ½ˡ
ʰһСȥˡˣʲôֻҪʥ֪ΪƴȫҲġ
ʥǰ족Ǹˡ
Ÿ߼ãͬ׼ؼҵķ뿮֮
ˣͣ½Ų
Ӵⲻһ˼մɵĳ´ôôճˣ
ĿղյóõŸ˱棿
òòţҲǺҶĺúõģô벻ͨһУôţճЩ˼ȱǵİ״ɺء뿮֮û˼Ǵ˭䣬ʱ˱ҪԼͿȥαأ
۾ɵһ㣬Ҫ͹ˡ
뿮֮Լ͸ˣͷҪʥ֪㲻ҵЩеûģв˾ûඡ

ϹĹۣĺ޲һȭǷӾʥϸģ
ı׵ذ䣬֮Ȼһô˵Ƿӵ뿮֮ϻ֪ˡ
ڼʥصˣظƨ߶ûС
ĵˣˣ۵һ˦ĿԴ
˵꣬ҡڵؾˡ
뿮֮գûëɣôˣ


67 ճɣ׽棩 
໨
Ļλƻ˼, ԾʥѾӮ뿮֮Ӯ̫ˡ
Ϊôˣȴҡҡͷ㲻
룬µʱŮ̫ʱ, ҲûȻ, ʱȷ⣬ݵⲻΪԼΪŮ, һҪΪŮʱʱսľڹʥϲϲ
ǹ, ɼڵġңóľãܳ費Ϊ, ֻΪԼ, Żᱻʥѡȥв˾Ϸ塣ֽմɵķӸһˣ뿮֮ûߡ
뿮֮ڼεó裬Լ߶ûУ
ĺȻǿҵԸ, պ, ÷뿮֪֮˭õģ
һҹҸж, ȵڶһ磬컹û, ľԸ·, ȥв˾
в˾ǸСط
ȻŵҪĹ߾ԼϷٺйв˾, Ҳ˵óĿ, ͢ôǮ
в˾е, ҲֻƾɵСˡ
Ա, ԭǸĹۡҪһã뱻Ľȵˡ
֪ЩΪ鲻֪ڱô˵أ˵˵ɣô˵ҲҡԼصʵ
Ľв˾󣬱㿴ͷѾ˲ˣЩؾǶţ׼¯
ԭֻںԺ˼«Ҥƴ«Ҥ󣬿ǳޣޣܹϣѾǲˡ
ҪʱȻ˵ʥϹˡ
һȻعʱѾҵǰˡ
ʥϣԾȣôˣ
˵ʼ޹
֮ǰһֱûҲ֪׼ôˡȻÿʳģĶһ·һо֮еģ誻ǾЩ
Ϊ飬ۼΪʵҹЩ񶼴֮󣬽ϱ㶢һ˫Ȧ˿
ֱȥǴҤԡ
ŵϲ󣬿⼸״ֵҤҲú棺ģ档
ĸֶȻԵãͬҹģһŶ«Ҥ
һϤĴʶ
«Ҥĳ֣ǵӦԪʱ֮ʱһֱáĹڣȴδź«Ҥ֡
誻ͷһμĺ«Ҥ«ҤǰҤңǰߺ󰫡ǰխǰ̺󳤣״·һ«Եڵϣʲŵ
ֻȥһۣصЩȵˡ
֮ǰҤ£ԭȵҤ¶Ȳԭ뿴Ļ᲻飬û뵽Ҳиˡ«Ҥ˵ڽṹ¶ȿҲǱ֮ǰ˲١
Ҥ˭ģʵ
ĺٺһЦ֡
ʱһʮĹϹϾʥϣСġ
ףʣʲô֣ģ
˵С£в˾¡
еտأеĴ඼ǳúÿġĸųһѾЩģģȴ
ģҲѵǿĿӦǸӡ
ҳ´ǴӺδģ
»ǰ飬СԭȲҰΪҵСûϢֻһЩõĶ´򹫾УС˼УС΢Щ⣬Ŵ
üһ誾棬ųҲϲͷˡ
ԭĹϲöһеģ
̧ͷһֳǼһ̵ģһɵģ֪ˣҪ˶ãŻɳĵұۡ
Ȼǳӿصˣ誱㲻ˡ
²˳٣¯ƴ
ʱ誻룬𲻹Ҳ֪ܲճɹý̿ջ᲻һЩ
˵ú̿Ҳ֪˻Ƕڵúˣ
һĵǹ˻ϣȴ֪һȺҲһĵ
ѾɹĹ˵Ŀаǵ֮ˡ
ͬ鼸ʱ򣬻ΪģҪ飬ĹǱ߾Ȼһŵ˼ûУޱΪĹǸʵǸ۶ģû뵽ִס
ضʿ϶ǲôõķȥöҪԼò
᲻ǡ˼ѹûҪţ
ԲܣǹʵûôġʾԼ˵ûܽƣ֪ܵظǵĵأôֺܷȡذĺöøǣͼʲôͼյʳͼ°ղӣ
ʡ͡һЦûôˡ
鲻˵ˣãĹʵȷʵЩϸ֦ĩڣҲԶǲ²ҪĶࡣ
ٴ׷ʣĹûʲôɣǸв˾ˣʱڣ
üͷ𣺡û˵ʲô
ظǾͺãǭ¿ͣˡҲǣĹǿСطܱȵ˲ҶõóֵĶˡ
ˣȴϰµģֱܲķãʲôһ
ǰˡ
ԸֱǴġ
չȥ֮Ѿʼǵܷ֮ƹ㡣
ߣյƣһѾƺˡ
ˣûȫá
ĿһֻƿʱĶҪɤ۶ȷʵɫĲɫÿе࣬ĲҲԣеûĸо淢ɣ໨ɫʼƫɫ
Ȼɫãǿȥ
ɵͷЩģʱ˰ءͷһֻãʣµļ벻ۣɫȡȻܿһЩɫǺɫ
֪ʧˣͦɥοû¶ʧ˳ɹ֮ĸٽô
ĿЦãʥϡ滰
㲻òϣҲ
аɣĲòĸ
ʵҲһӵˣεĴʵ̫ߣЩֻҪ±ᶢں«ҤǰĶǴճĳɹ⣬Ҳⲻ˺һ
̬Ȼԡ
ǿԼܶ롣
˵һصľҲ֪鲻һξܳɹģԵڶûʲôڴҲѹû˶죬ֱӴһһˡһ첻룬첻룬ĴľȻûôˡ
ֱ¸պ֮󣬳ĲƵػ˹ȥ
׼ȥճʲô档
ȥǶķΧԣǰЩΪƴÿ˶ԵЩ㲣ɽȴݹͬ
Сһƿ
Ļ̧˫ۣĿһİ״ƿһֻ໨ƿչ⣬ҡ
ǳĴûмɫ
ȴǰеĴҪҪÿ
ճˣԲš
صص˵ͷˣ
ǵŬûа׷ѡ
Щӣ³˳˯һֱں«Ҥǰʱʱ̹̿עͷı仯Ҳͷѧմɣûʲô飬ԴֿϺѧû¸ЩβѧϰһпѧϰĶЩҲմɾͨ
໨ճɣʵڹû
û¹ֻͣ˵в˾ͬƵģĴۣüǮıҲĹǱܾίˡ
ǰҶʱǿ˲ٰۡ
һ»ˡ
ıΪʲôҪԼȥأ
ȫ¹ˣȥԼֻˣһڼǮˣ
ĺϢȥʥǰһǣ
ĵŽУƿӶŽȥһ·ؽ˹
ֻҲ֪ʱǲʱ򣬳ǰʱ֡
ٰ֪ͷءԱ߻в¿ƽʿһȥʮ˲ֹ


68 ״ 
ϲ¡
ı͵͵ڱϿ, ˸ͷͱ誷ˡ
誼ز񻰣ֱ˵
ǰʱ, ǹǶ, һĹ˹ƽԱʥҲǰһݰˡǷʲôعϡ
Ӷô
۾תţ誽ղû˼, һ䣺
˼һת
ʥϽû취ˣ°Ϣ͸¶ȥʥҲˡһ, ռͷǱ¶ѹ
ֺһЦԭмϲҪʥϣûնܡ΢ʱٸ, Σ
ʱǺ«Ҥ£
صص֪ˡ
ϻҪţöܲ²
誰˰֣, Ȼû¿˵ȥˡ
Ȼ誾óҪͦģʲô취أֻȥϾôһġ
漸ɨһȦҪˡ
ֻ調˿, ʵڲö
˸֮, ıŵе˴һ, ɺһ룬ʥδϲе鱻Ϊʥصĳ, ʥϲϲ, ǾԲġ
, лµѽ鵽ȫ㱨誡˻ֵ, ¶СĽ, лǲôҲûҵʲôͻƿ, ֱǰ죬лµе֪һ׮ԩ
ȻѾˣûмġ˰ͬĪĹлµ˲鵽ϣ֪ͷ鲻ֵܲģ΢ᣬ
õʥϡ
˽յĸ״
Ž¿ˮ̵ˣһ˿Ҫ⣿
æʥϣ΢ԩ
Цԩţ
ţԸţдʣ΢֪Сл˼ǴӺδЩԷ΢ôһֱҵҵδ˽ʥ
ô˵ǽԾ¥ѧͽһУ
һ¡
ɲ˵ûУĻȻܲ鵽¶ȷˣҲǵù£֣ƽͷһСҪǿ˼檡
˼ҹһӶңӦֵĽ޹⡣ǹĵܵǺ¥ѧͽ˵ԼҰ梱۸֮к˾¥ͷĺõһֵܣԾڡ
ûûصģ˸ˡĵȻǽԾߵˣǸ¥ѧͽɡ
¶ż֪״潪ԾɱˡΪ¶Ĳ֪˶ٰ׷һǴãƼҸҶõù
ҲҪҪĽܵǰٰߣǵûҲˡһ˲˼ŽƽϢ
˱ϾˣܵϳȥһסԾ£һȴ֮֡
¶ﶼ飬誵ĻֻǹҶʥϣ΢참һǽ֤ݵģôôУǸ֤֤
ƴν֤֤ƾα֤ôɵ¶ǶĸʮգȾ纮һغδҲ̫ˣ
˼Ѿʮ֣ƴ˵βز˰
ˣɲĻɫĳԲǺܺã֪δܴˣǵܴ˶Իĳơǰжۣ֪¡ᣬҪˮҪ˽ó˽֤ݣǻĳȻҪ˵ƾһЩ׽ӰҥԾĳˡĳŲ㡣
誳˳ǡ
˵õȷ٣참ȷʵһ֤ݣ˭˭֤
˭أҪȻҪ調һ£Ȩƴˣˣ˵˰жۣ飬ΪλһκбҪ
ͷĴʯͷһһ³
ƤһֱʼԭŽҪҪС£ô⵽˱Ӧ
ԤУε鲻ô˽ᡣҲɨβѾɨɾˣػܲʲô
ô룬Щ޿֣ʲô˵ʱ򣬽ֻ˵һԼ޷ʹСӡ
ֻ˵ӣȴɱˡ
ƤЦⲻЦس˳ֲµõΪôӲҲǺùˣȻ»дֻ֤ίλʱݾ̲ˡʲôʱ˰ٳҲ١
ͷˬһӲ壬Ҫ̲һӵĲ֮ԩ
һЦģһ֮ڻнġ
Щô˵ͷһ£һ²ҲԲ̡֮ǰúõģĪҪĸԸأ
֪⣬ƫƫҪ͵һӡǲȷԩʱɾͲֹһˡ
̲¬úáдλˡ
¬Ҹ֪⣬˵뽪ȥ
̲Ҳпշӣǿʥϵ˼ֻסηˡ¬Ȼƽʱ¶ͷ誵ָʾÿÿǲ۲۵ִС
˲ų˸Ѿơѡη
ѡĻɡסǸ
ճ˹¬㷢̽ͷ̽ԡϸһƣԭǳġ
ûߣһۣ´˻Уûء
ԴƤⲻǵĶλλǻؼȥ
Ķܰȥ̲סһ¡лƵز䡣
İԵԾʹ˱ö˶˵ô̲ܵȥˣǷʲô°ɣ
Ӵɼá
֪ûνҲ˵˵ֹ´Ī˵ҵȹȥֻΪ֤ס
˷̣ǲ׻֪ء
³żˣǳצһֱġ
ʲЩһװģľǲشǼˡ
ôģ
ø˵ȼƽϣֱ
һ߽л¸ǰҪʱ򣬺Ȼͣ²ӣͳһȺδɵСӣ֪ôд𣿡
ΪлңͶл£
л˷Ȼ̧ͷϻɭĿ⡣
˾Ƿڵбֵô޹
˱Ķŵò֪λӦлҲֻЦӦ
ҡڵ
ƣȴһ㲻塣
Ŀ뿪֮˲ŵô޿֡ƶǲ鲻֤ˡ
廪ҡҡͷ·֤꣬Ҳҵóˡ
ˣҲ
ȻʥѾ̲£̲̲̲ܲ飬һҲܲ顣
˵ǲĻ̲ء
˻ల֮㶼ȥˡ
һգصĽʿһİӣʣ³ǣг볯ٵģؼҾͱĹѪͷ
ģǲǰ״ơˡ
治֪һ쵽Щʲôͬƴ˶ǳ٣Ī˵ˣԺ˹ٳͬǴ򽻵ĻҲֻ಻٣ǾͷҪѹϵŪˣŪһʰˣ
ۼ뽫һƼδһʹˣʣµȴҪǼ˸ǲƨɣ֮ǰܲܶӣ
ƴˣΪЩèĹܲ鵽ʲôĪ˵һ£ǸһҲֻ޹
Ľʿ࣬ȴţɴ£


69 ͻ 
á
, ź֮ܵѹ
ź֮ĸųٶǽ֣ż뽪˽ƣź֮껹ýɹ, , ŸҲܲԼҶӲ͵ûֱӸӽ㣬Ϊϻһؽʿݣ, Ÿձصö֡
Ÿ£ú÷ʡ, ź֮û˵һ
ŸſˣԭǳӲˣӵĻӲչ黹ҵĶӡ˱, ͷȥ뽪鸺ժȥֻǴӽ, 㲻ٲϴ£żҵǰ;ȥ֣
ź֮оݵطӲδ֣ҾжżңҲù˽, οǲ׽һЩ, żҴδڽҡ¹, һֻʥϷǣڹ˽, ʥ, ʥ϶δ, ׺αزӣ
ð, ʥѹˣ
Ӳҡź֮ͷ
˵, ʵﻰ⻹ô˼誵Ļѹ, Ÿȷʵˡ
ţǴ󲻾
ŸЦˣб۾ӣģż뽪Ҷϵ
ҲɾҲͶˣʲôÿϧģ
㼸ʱšˣ
źֻ֮Ǹ
֪ۣŸô벻ͨô֮ǰģôڻЩʱգôˣҿǵײǽ֪ͷ
ҲײǽҲмڻͷ
ź֮ܲܲ鵽һҪƴȫһԡʥϣһһΪ񡢹ĹԱҲǵΡ
ʲôʣʲôһֻ۱һֻۣС뱲ӶôģѲԺҪôңԴڲͷ֮ź֮뷨ͱˣĸоˬˡһ֮ˣֺαհǰ˺ԼСˣ
Ϊ˽䡣
ź֮һʱȵطʱϥǶѾ۵߲·ˡɼ۳ڶһȳȣһһ˵سǰ
ſ˸档
ź̧֮ͷʮйߵˡ
жȽţܿó
Ÿһ˶ûӴҲ֪ȺʿǷʲô衣
˰ҲֻһʱŻôʢŸҲǲʲô˵Ž¶ˣ鶼ôˣô׷
ҲŸһ㣬չò˳
л¼î˾ҪӲˮʯ
ʥֻһµĹǲһ֮ڷĪ˵ʥϻǳʧˣ˵Ҳ׷Źǡ
Ψ
˻𼱻ǵز˼գȴһͷûСЩۣ˵б۵ģû֤ݣлµõϣ״ʱԲ֤ݣﶨ̣ȴص֤ݡڵǣò
һ֤Ҳò
ź֮￴ЦĽʿǣʱ鶼áǰͷͷӬһͷתϻ˼һҪоû֧ǣ֪ж
Ҳż
˵ÿնҪѯʰӵ̬Щ£治Ӿܲ鵽ġ
Ÿ˵ѾȥôãǰǸ¥ѧͽ˶ûôˣǶû֪
ǰȥԾһˣ񶼲֪٣˵ǰȥ˱𴦶ӣǰҲûʲôֻƬǸѧͽ˰ȥ˽ǲˣǰʱȥɽϲҩʱ򣬲ҵɽ£һغ
һĿڣѾһʣˣꡣ
Ǹģдţȥһ˵ǰһڹţ˫ײҪΪģӦáǱһб˽ˡ
¬ﻹȥдһ˼иһֱ˵Լӻڣÿ궼ЩȻֵǮڶ˻ھУֻҪ˻ڣû׼ʲôʱܻأ
Ƥֱ˵滹ڣ
ôͱ˿أ
¬ҲǷֻǷȷʵּѾ˱ȶԹˡ
課ţҪŪŻ򵥣Ǯʹĥ
ֻ˲ڲڣԲ֤ˡܲǧȥѰ˰ɣڲڶһ˵ء׷ʣǽԾߵأɶˣ
¬ˣһƶ˲ǽԾɱģǱʧɱ
誾ɥͷһԭôСĽô
һ֮ѹȥһ룬޽չֻܷˣҲԷڡĲ鰸飬϶ǲ鲻ģ̲¶ʱ治ЩʿǷ㡣лǲ飬Ҫôйоء룬ȰѺй
ʱҲµΪʲôѰȻ仰Ĺ誱ˡ
úһѡ
лһǻѪϾ̫ˣҪи˴һС
Ȼܡ
ӹг󣬺һ֪лµ˶һ½Ųһתȥ˻
ʱһȺ˶һ㶡
ʵǽչˣż
ǰлµ˷޵ģٿһĪչĿ࣬Щ֡
ͷһע⵽ġȵǰ
γѣҲæ
ͬǲͬǻڻʱ˼ѾֱȥˣʱݣȺ˶źֻĽ
Ҳڣֱżɽ˵λΪһ¿գѾûвչˣ
廪ƲƲ죺ɲôˡ
˵꣬Ȼһ£˹Ѳɣʲôƣ
Ա˶˹лҲĿŵϡ
ֱ׵ضţҲգҲ壬ֻڷʣûУֻʣԾߵλˣ
ˣЩأͽúܣն˲һҧԾ޹ģˣ˻ص
죬һƣδнҸƼƴգǸĶ໹ǸĶࣿ
⡭һȺ
˶ɫһյȥ˾øôأ
ؿ˿ڣҵһ֪֪ģһɡ
úˣһĺ
պ󣬾źͬڣһ·ڣзּоåָָ㡣
δָʲô񣬲Щ˵˵ţ󣬴شĶ
⻹һ˵õȮ찡˽ӣլӶˡ⹷ĿֵҲԸ⡣
Ҳû֣ѲɻĻòӣ
֣ཥֹסӣ
ǵǣ֣ҿǺţŮȥٻ󡣿ǼŮʱֱһغˡƯĹﰡֿϧģҪǼҿ᲻
߯ϧⱣСѡĻǱССĶûסҪ˸ӣû׼֣ӹøá
øƨҲˣҿ˵˼ҽӴû֣ϣ˵Ǹ֣һʸġȨŮӣ˼ҽҲˣϡ
ϡؼС檣
ޣС檣ǳͷβûû֣׸˼һ
֣߬飬޲ýЩ˴ң


70 ֤ 
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Զ, ˼溫һǰңȴЩоå˵˰εĻ뻰ŭڵ֣ȴ޶ԡ
˿δ¶, ˼ڱϵ̯һֻ, ͷ̤Լš
Ա߾úʱ˵ȴʧ
⣿
ôƺûã廪ЩͷۣǲǸûһӡ
԰꣺֮£⣿񲻹ֻ˵˼, ôЧ̲Ҳ޽ˡ, ŷĻضС
棿廪ɡ
Ȼñ֮Ϊ, Ϊ;սΪϣսΪ¡
廪øͷ, ȴĻ
ǶǲȱǮȱ˵ȻҪ֣֮󣬱˸пС죬Ҫ֣ԽԾʹ
лµæʱ, Ҳδš˹, 誸ȥˡ
, ֱһļϡ
һ˵֣лһδ޵, ʱµ⡣
ŵϲ, ֡
ȻҪ, ȻҪ᳹ˡһû, ټһ, ֣ŭȼøߡ
˵֣໹Ǹӵĺֳǰɣ
Ϣ, ġ
課ţ۵ĻҲԼôˡɼȨǰɻˡ
۲ۣܹ黹ҪˣʱлǣҪָ֣ϽԾ
һ֮ϾҪˣ֤֤ûУܲܰλһֱͷҲǶǶлµ˵۶á
課Żôż߽չ
˶ҲʱԵлµȡ
ܿ죬֣ҵһ̲ˮ㱻ǳ׽ˡԭ֣ͬһסúúõģ˵żһЩǶ¶
ļûЩ˵֮أǽַھӵģ˭Ҳ˼ҵĶ̴ȡЦЩȻͬˣ֣һҲߵĶᱻָָ㡣
Щ˲ƣڱ󰵰ȡЦһ֣޿̻ͷۣʲôֻ졣
Ǳˣü֮ĳŪͿϷڼ͸ǵĿ⣬֣һҶ֪Щαǵġ
֣ĴԭҲĺùδǵʱǰ׵˱̤żɾһùȴԾǸ˻һ
Ծɫ֣߰ǰ̷ôãǿн֣Ĵáɡ˸˵檣ʵһеڶûС
ŰѲҲδֻƬĽ͡Ծ뿪Цظ֣˵ûֲ˭˵Ჹ֣ҡ
ʲôֵܵùһأ֣ԭͺ޽Ծ޽ң͸֮ˡ
ǽң֣װ׵ֺαسôԻ֣ܲ˵ǣСҲΪ鱻˻顣
֣Сԭȶһ£ͷҥδҼԱ˻飬֣һǼҲҪֲĵĹ
ֱ֣Ӱ˸ߡ
ȻعͷһҰܵ˫׺ã֣ͷķŭֱһ
Ҫôܸıأ
Ȼܿ죬֣˾ϡ
ΪñƵͼԾ
ѣ磬롣
֣ĺֵǷԾˣ֣Ϊĳ࣬㡰⡱͸¶ڲϢ
ֵ֣ܣ˵¡Ҹ˼Ҽˣȥȵϴˢ֣ҵ
֣྾˾ͷͶ·ΪҲ룿֣ҶϽңѻʯ
ǰڿɲһˡҸӶ˶˴Σ˽һϢʥͼż˲ʹ죬Ҫ֮ˡ
ֻû֤ݣ֤ݣұضӴ١һٳû˵±𣿡
֣ɫ΢
ǰͲţǻ᲻ȥһӵܡ
ǺѳһۣϧͿϧڣ͢û֤ݡ˭֤֤ڣ˰˽ˡ
֤֤֣ཥ
û֤ݣˣһ
֣ҵһһ˶ţл˺廪ĻɢһЩۣȴⷨӲ䡣ҲǸС벻Բ˶š
֪˱֮лظ¾ͺá
ڸп˰һۣڸ̾оСѡ
عʱԸ£Щȥһ¾ͷĺýš˰һ˽ᣬλ֣Сѡһź¡ǶԲס˼ң֣֮òȥС
л»䣬ԱŲ
ͷһȴˡ
άֿżĶлɨһۣҲǣҲǡ
˿̣лµĹ۸иˣѹûϵȺʿ棬˼ϸ塢˾Ȼл¡
ڼˣȴȲϱ˵ʮ֮
лҲ֪˶ٹȥ
ֻദΣѾû˽ŵգǻ೰ⲻ˵ġ
û뵽ܴ˾ȻҲϲ˵лô
˵ͷ󷽷سϴ󣺡ĳȷʵס
лһ㶣˵ʲô˼
Ҳûô
л»ҪʣȴֻЦЦ֮ɵת뿪ˡ
Цл¸ͷˣ˲һϵôô˾Ц
л±̽һԭ򣬵תһ룬ЦʱȻûЦʵڲã
л־Լˡ
л˵ƶ˵֮ʣ֣ǵ侲ķ߳ױˡ
Ҽ˴ֺοţÿձĵǴ
̲Ρ
¬ﲢδԽϻκŴֱӰǷֵηηȻڣһǽ˴˶Է
Ȼ˵Ĺȴеġ
誵ֱʣЩڡ
֪͸úúù̶ܽӣǶ£Ҳظŵµġ
ֻϣŵǸǧҪ͢׽ʱͥţɾͲÿˡ
ǽЦزġ
ϣڶˡ
ģⱲӣز˾ǡ
˵ôƶȴн･ë
Ȼվ˶ǽǲʲôģ
Ƥûգһ£ʲôҲ֪ġ
һЦЦûһζֱɥĲ񵽼㡣
㡭桭㡱˰գȻһҲ˵
ȴصҲңҲΪİ룬ʼնǸ֮졣㲻ҲŽԾͷȻɱģҲ֣ģҲдȡֻҪڣԾⱲӶͷˡǸӣһҵ𣿾ģҲģģɹȥ˶ʮСģô꣬ʱ͹鶼ѾϣҾͲŻ˳ϲʲô
ƶĻͷȴûˣƽͷһκȢ˻ϣ㻹ʲôɻкı֮ˣ
ڶϻ죬ħƵģ֮ȥ
ûˣ򰡣Ҫֻ֪˲סܣ֪֪֪֪ϲõ֪лС飬û֤һκβǡĺˣȥ֮ٲἰ£Ҳˡ
ƶԼƽ£Եȵڶһ磬¬˹һ֮ѹǳȥʱҲ̧ţͷҲصسյη
ٺȻȥҪ㡣
ԼӢ䣬ϣȴȻסȥ·
ԩ·խĻл¼
ôСлôûĳ
ȷʵãԻȻȥ
ŶסˡδɵӣȻһٶôĹ
ձҪǵɫ
лһֱӵƴˣ˸˽ɱ޹ա
Цˣ˭
Ծ֣ࡣ
һԲĽ㵵̧ͷ


71  
ˮʯ
ɫһ, Ծưƾһտڰ׻뽪ڴдһ£ô, Ҫʼʩ 
廪զ֤ȷ, ƴ˻Ҳȥ
ʵȥأ򳰷˭֪֤Ǽ٣ʱΪվסŵġ֤ݡǼ£˭𣿡
𡣡
Զ, أԴһػش
ղŻΧڴ˵صˣԼͬóһ·
뽪Яų༸λ, ɫΪѿ
ô֮£زˡ
̧, ̲š
̲𴦲ͬԺ֮бϡ誻, ؿ˶Էһۣ⼸λʿٰͿ£ޱ̲һµΣȨǻƴˣƴΣ
Ȼʧɫ, æҡ
䵭Ȼƴû, Ǳ㿪ɡ
Щ߲, ˡ֡
Ƿô, ǡǡ෴, ǳ͢٣
һ, Ѿ̲Ĵá
ԭµĵط, ֻǽ׮·ǱѰ, Ҳء
֮, ˮδл¸Ͻ˴
һʮӻ̤̲
Է֮ıֹס׹
̫ϤˣֹһεӸǰҲֹһεسԾЩԶһ㡣Ծ˼ҵá
۾ԩ
ԩծˡ
֣Ȼüգ˵ǲܵģֻһ뵽ԼòʱǸ飬޶Եģһޡ
˾ľģ˰ӣºˣкԩ
뵽˵Ľ֣˺ģ˵ڵϣ֣࣬ߵʥϡ潪ӽԾʧɱˣ齪˽ٰ֪סɱˡ
룡
һû뵽֣ʺϵͷྐྵȻôç
Ҫôһ͸˸ըըز񣬾ŵЩҲδ֨
׸סˣҲ߯ˣﰡ
誱ţٸԾйϵҪҪȷϡ
һ룬С˸Ӹ䡣ȷģǽյĽûһ̲õʸûС
ɫްȴǸƢҲ֪߳ŭôģӵϵֱָ֣ࣺɲҪѪˣ
֣౻ŭȣȴҲ塣
ղſڴƻƣȷ֤֡ȡһţһö塣
óö忪ʼһض֡
ϵãǽԾ꽪͸ӡġ
һ꣬ͷôһö壬һöϵţһöСӡǰӵǿͻȻʧˣʼ£Ծֻڽб˵ȥˡΪˣ˶Ĭա
񣬱͵ȥ伣壬ȴһؼա
֣Уپ
誼һȥģ϶ܡ
ܾͶˣôʹ죡
ۼ⣬Ƴϴŵǿ飬֪ʵ飬֣ϵã
뿮֮˳ǣܲʶ𣿸ŵһһģһء
ôһ˵˶ԼͬĿ˽䡣
ȷʵһһģһ塣
ǽϵĵ׳˭ңͲԶˡ
Ϊ̿вԣ֣ûôĹ˼ˣչΪ˽¶ʵģսԾҲֻǾ¥ѧͽһѵ˭ֲ֪أ˸ˡ̽û˱Ϣ֮󣬽Ծˣ鼱֮ؽŵƽԾƭ˵˲ɱģȷʵʩԮ֣ҸƼͨڳˣؽڣƴ˸ǲҲ飬ֱӶƽ䷢㡣ƽ֪Լ֮ΪΪסƽԾױдһţֵһö˴ƽƽòƣ뻹ǴӦֻ־òףѰһὫֽһֵ֪Сλֵη彪Ȩƣǰֻ֤ŽڲʥĿ
֣˫ַϡ
æչһдƽԹԹŵĻȥǧ꣬ԶھǵĸĸҲʳǡ
誡ǡһŵݸųȥ˿ǲӵּ
ųŹȥһʱɫӲˣԼ仹Щл㱡
ӣɱˣ
ӵּ١
ֻ˵Լʧִ˹˾ȻȷԼӣǱϾ׶ӣܲܡȻܲܣǱֻܸɨβˡеһУûٲϹ
調ɲôĿ㶣ʵʱǵʵģ˵ǲǽԾּ
⡪
ѣ벻ǣܱȶԵĳ˻ǲҪùĺá
ٲȻѾǾˡ
еǿɢˡȻܲóشʲôأƴϣѵʥĻţ
ɣʥϹһ磬Ϊѿġ
òϣǽԾּ
һӵģܲӵıʼϲ
Ž벻ôôҪǻôĶϡ
䶨֮ǰʲôϵģϾš
Ծ»Ѿ϶ˣ֤֤ڣϿԶ
誳ʤ׷״֪أʲôԵʣ
ʥϣΪƴ˽Ϊ̣Ϊϧ뽪Ծıסɱˣƽ˾ǽ⡣ͽġƽʵװˡ
˾˵ɱ˾ɱˣ㿴
ȷʵ
򣺡˵ʵǲš
֣ϵص˵ͷҲɱˣλʬ𼣣ƽʬھϱ߶ëУǴһʯʯԻһ
ΪУ˭뵽ȻĿɱֳ
һ֮ʣ֤֮ˣ
֣಻ĵҡͷ
ҵͻƿڣ˵ʲôϻ
֣һ¡ŽԾʱ˵̲̣˵ΪԾϵ׺֣֪¶Ҳ٣븮Щףˡ
ûб֤ˣɹɱ˵һ˲ʶǽҴ½˽ƽ˿ڣΨһֵǮĶ̵̰ˣǶ̽ʯҲƽӽԾõģڼ뻹ڽУʥһ֪
誻ȥˡ
ϵ̫ˣ䣬һֱӽ½ˡ
˶ӣһһҲʱ
誵Ļˡһȥƽʬףһȥ鳭Ժӡ
һңҵ֤ݡʹѾûڽ¶ˣǳӽҲ׵Ժ󣬽չٱãûԭ򣬱㱻ס
ƽԼ˺üˣʬҲˣʬ󣬻ȷˡ
Ǹլӣ뽪ҲԶҲϸϸˣȻѵһѶ̵
һޱǰա
ȵûǺȵ׹ѣһ˿ů⡣
ҵĴ²ɱˣȻ֪
ͷ˻һۣһжԾıģ
ϵһ׺񣬿˭뵽Ѿóǵ׻ʲô»֪֪顭
ǹҲѾηȥˣ󣬾𿽴ûþȫˡ
¬Źʸ̵ǰʱ֪Լˣˡ
СʵͿ˳ۣǲŹģ
Ҳȷû㵱ǣ֤֤ڣˡ
ֱУμҲǰɱںҲصˣձؼҴȥⱲӶ𸴣ҽÿƾ٣ˡڽӽԾʧɱˣ˶ʵǶﲢʮꡣٰ֪.ɱˣӰӣȥΣࡤó˵ȣԽ̶̲󡣡
һ
ҵĽ߷߲ƽĻ


72 ׽棩 
լӡ
һ, 򱻵Σġ
ˮǲеķ
ȥʱ򻹴Լԩ, 誶벻ͨôƤ˵Ļ, Ҳɱģɱ֮Ϊ˶Ŀƭҷô, ⻹ֻϵģЩ¶誶֪˶١
, ôŹˣ̫ˡ
Ը¬Щӻù¬Щ񡣴˰ϲܵΪֹò˸òɵò, òˮʯһ˿һԩٴ
ɱ˹Žɱ, ֻҪҵһҲһˡ
誷˵⻰ҲǶŽ˵ġҪ峯ãԽ, ζҪ, Ϊ䡣
¬Ӧ¡
, ſлµˡ
л¼ؾֱͦ
֪ʱ޵ҪԣεǰļãĹ¿ƽʿ, ϸ緢, ı, سǽ, ٷĲ, һʿ, Ĺõ
뿮ܾ֮˵·е졣
һԱΪ仰ѪÿҪιȥСʿǣ뿮֮Ȼˡ
ЩɵɵĽʿأǵ
뿮֮Ծࡣ
óεĳΣðİ˵ҲȥɥĽֱة鼸ˡ
ڰѽˣð
һɡһְȴúú滹˭ܶϡҲҪְһ⡢ܰ¶ģϻӾͲС
۲Ŀ誵˶뿪ԼҲ̲
ǿˣ̲ⶼû˰ˡҲǡԼѾʲôˣҪ˵ľʲô
̲ǰǻãȴʲôû˵Բл˼ҡ
˴뱲ӣͷȴһЦһͭûУֻ߻ȥ
ʵҲöĹٷȴûΡƩ罪Ϲҵ壬ֵǧȥ̻ӣ˵ͳˣǹһ𳵶ʹá
ɽû˼
֮ӻеľ
ܾòģô飬ûйҲп͡ȻƫĶӣȴû캦£ΪʥҪｫλȥ
˹λܵúãΪôһĶӣҵδֵʥ϶Կƾж⣬֪ġѡֻ߿ƾ٣ΪǸƾֱӶ˽ӵĹ;֮󣬻кڣ
һǳһţڻߵ˸ϣ
յңˣ㿴йվͷԱ߻ΧС
ҵĹһæ߹үۼҵҶ˸ժˣŹˣ˵ҪǼҵլӣǺã
̧ͷһ鸮ҹȻûˣֻһȹͺͺĴšլۡǴǰȻʴ͸ģŷ¶ʥϾҪջȥҲ̫ĺЩ
󡭡鸮ˡ
Ŷ֪ɷңæشͷֻƼɷȴδӣǿֱ׹
йɲõԤУϿʼһֱڿɷĻݲ֮вûѹȥˡ
ֻһү
Ŀ㶵ؿ
һۣûϱˡǼҷޡλȨصүʱǹ
ϲ˿үʧ̬ģ԰ظ
С׷룬ΨڴᣬʲôûʣȻйĶӣȻǧɻҲ֪ʲôʣʲôʡ
ǿԣɷ΢ЩʲôñȻĻҪ졣
ʱ͢ˣ˵Ҫˡ
ǼҲҪ飿Żˡ
úõôˣѵ֮ǰİӻꣿ
˹ˣȥ
ȷڶӵϷ˺Ϳȴһٴʥ飬ǾȥɣҲδ̰͢һһߡ
ʶԣЩ˷䵹ʵڲ񻰣žµʵôЩᣬʲô
㲻֪Ŀʹշ龡֪
ǿԣԸԶҲҪ顣˳ϣȥ˹һӲ𸴡
޵Ϊסɱˣࡤӹʧɱˣ಻֪²ܳĳӣֻٳԵ
һУǼ
ŵɫ԰ף촽Ҳֱ£ô
׷ʣԾ˵ɱ˵Ǹƽôô
һֱСӲѣҲǸˡ
һۣһࡣ
Ƿ뵽һ㣬Ѿ뵽ˣֻǳٳٲʵˡ
ʵǻɣȴ֪¡
֪Ȼʳ˲֪¶¹ԼĳııȴǰһҪֱҪ˱˵
񶫴·һҲû䵽á
һˣȥ顣ԾǹʧɱˣֻҪһгһ졣ү޹ģǺúһʥϣῪġ
ᡣ֪һ㣬
չͷˡЩȴûһ飬ˣ˵¼ʹСˣҲãʥҲ
׹ĳѾ誵һˡ
ʱܴһĳΪةҡźǻʲôţ룬ʥǱĹһЩҲ޷
ˮתֵϣ֪
˴ˣһʼʹ˴˲ةģֻʱʥϾѾǺˡлᣬضͷ
ں޽ӣض㣬ԡ
ϻżˣүôǺá
ãȻһƬҲ֪Ǻá
ȻҵĵùӲʼǰλӸ߹ٵʱ򣬲̫ˣֱ͢͢أ֪˲ٵĺޡұʥһߵ˳ſЦ˲֪
˻̵ס֣Ƕ֪ƽѱı˱˵ɱͷԩһӵҸĸסˡ
ǲȥƼ֣Ҳȥ֡
ƼǱնйٱѳ֣ɷǲҳȥ߱˼ˡ
֪ԼҲҶô
һȥԾͲɾĸˣŽһڰǿҲǳšν̸֮ԾʲôˣӸϾˣĸͬһĸֵͬܽûʲôõģ
ΪЩ¶ҳš
լӱջأòЩȥһСլӡ
ͷԷҲҳһš
Դ֮㲡ˣĲһһ겻񡣽˹٣ҴҲòȥ
ƽ־Ը٣·ˣڼұţĸֹ֪ӹʲô塣
ЩֵòðΨһʹı֣ˡȲ˷Ϣ
õĳ𣬽ĸ󻼣ҪľϴˢǼҵˡ
˵Ҳ֣ԴӽԾ֮ЩǼҵƺһӾ伣ˡ
֣Īضգ鹦Լڹ¶ЩηգԲŲұǼ

ûˣСõĻƺҲ˳λýŽܵĶǺֺ֮õ˼ң֣Щƻá
ͺǰЩܵǼٵһ
ȥ˾Уôܹ黹ǵǰġ
֣ǰ;ɿɱеĽԾȴֻҰ
ԾǲΪԼһʱʧ֣δʲôҪĴҲǾ˾˵Ĵɱˡ
ԾԹ򣬻δûԹ޽Ծ˼һϲ֮ǰδڹһ㣬ˡ
ͲһѣԼȥˡ
򼸺Լ֮Ƽҵ課֣ƼҲķѣοһС۶Բ᲻ֻ֣ڣƼѾˡ
Ҳһֺһ緹ùֱ֮ȳȥˡ
調ɲشڴȻѾȻҪģ͢ûôǮǡ
ȥɡ
׬Ǯĥˣֱȫ
ӻڼ飬ɳΪЩĸ
誾ãǵʵĸЩһЩȷҪȻ룬ûҲ
ǺˡʾһģľϲԳˡ
Ҹ֪⣬һ󳯻ϣһϻ׼ȥһˡ
ϻͷպñˣأûķͷ˰ɣ


73  
װǡ
뿮̤֮֮ǰͼ˳ﱧһϻӡ
û, лһ˿ģöԷ˶֣ǵĿ֮´ͷ, αأҪôҪ, ˽¸ʥ˵͹ˡ
ֻȡ£ǫѷ뿮֮Ǿġ
ƺ뿮֮Ŀ⣬׼ȷɵĲ׽ˡ
˸ն, ˴˶ЩĲˬ
ų뿮֮ķѽ⣺ǰϵ˵Ϻ, Ҳδ࿴ˣ
˭һ
ųķˡԼʶм¸ʥйأΪʥ, Ѿħˣʵǿ
ǽһ󳯻, Ӯעǳˡ
ٹٵ棬־ذϻ򿪡
뿮֮ЦߣûЦã˾ľסˡ
ʲô
ҲһƬȻ
ƿôɫ·أʵھˡ
誶ǵķӦ⡣ƿİ÷ƿƵ, л桰İͼ֮, Ԩ, ï尮ֺ;÷
ûδ, Ҳʺʷ, 課, ֻȥʷ, ໨ƿվڹնеĹ屦ķͼȤ, , ңǵ֮Ʒ
֪ЩһֱƿӣѾ˲ˣһЩдƷҲƳһƷİƷǾƷеľƷ
´ˡ
ǣһˮˬü۶չˣʥϿޣⶼ΢ġ
ȻˣҲš
£ųڵ˶Χȥ뿴ȥеƿӸΪޡ
ƿӾȻɫģôϵɫϵ˾ȣ
Ҳ˴ͣƩ纫ģƿȻԷ࣬ɫΣ
ֹǺģֱδţΪ
룬ƼϴЦ⣺໨ɡ
ų˵ͷǼĵ֡
Ĺ⿴˷뿮֮ΪΣ
뿮֮ƿӵĿⶼסˣһ壬¶֮ɫǿǿػһ䣺пɡ
ĺһ֪ǼˣҲûƽϡ
ʰɣټҲղõƿӣټʣʥҲôõķӽ㡣˵ףǸ˻ܹǮɲȷ뿮ֻ֮ϴĺǿ
뵽ʥϲԸ͸¶ӵ£ֻʥϣв˾պ«Ҥմƿ΢ѡÿ׸ʥϣʥЦɡ
ȻϷǳŰ˱ơ
˱̨໨ƿȡ˹
ƿЩ󣬲誰˺һԶֻۣƿӴеĺ޶¡ƣԵñʴϸ塣
໨˴֮Ʒ°ĹŹ֮
Ź֮վһѹ
룬в˾˲٣ǵãв˾иµĹɣǳͷּģҲͦ
Цֻèʥϣ˵໨ɱ֮ɰ״Σ
誻ųеˣųȴѾ˳ĵĴ㣬ʵ´Ҫ໨
ķʣд⣬ѵ𣿡
ûʲôԲԵġųеֻǲ֪´Ƕܷ
⡭ʱܡ
뿮֮Цܣ˵ƨ
в˾ôҤ˵ˣʮƷֻ¶Ǻʱ䳤ҪҲߣûǮûˣĻܴʲôг
ֱΡ
ľԼСˣЩ⣺ǳ¶
Ժ飬ͲҪˡⲻҲʲô£ϾϡΪܶ켸Ʒȥ̧ۣҲһˡ뿮֮
ֻһ֮ûкĳƷϣǮҲܳ״г
Ҳġ
Ҫ͵óǮ͢ȻЩǮǲ࣬誹õĳԺǮ治סҪǴģҤĻסô
ǮһͶȥˣطֻ׽⡣
Ҳڳɡ
ѵҪ뿮֮Ц
ˣɣǼֲûǮǮʥǰãֶΪأ
в˾в˾Ҳ뿴в˾гһܱȼ
Ѿ¶ģҪǮȴ誺Ȼ㣬һƿӳĹ̼ԸģǳǮҲԵͼ۴ӳ͢õ໨
ֱ
ĿɲҪˣԭֻ뽫໨Щ̼֣תȥǱԲѴ֮ǮʥⷨӣĻҪҪҪֱӾͿװˡ
һ룬ⷨ˵ĿС׬ǮеͷͶǮʲôأ
Ҫǻ϶Ըġ
ͷһֻųʮֵ̼ÿﶼˡ
䲻̣Ҳͷ˷á
ûʵڵ棬˭Ը׻Ǯأ
ҲÿСǮ϶͵ģʲôϵأ໨һǸݳƷͨҲòڸˣһԸһԸȥɡ
Ǹõģֱӽ˺ġ̡ƺţ˭ǮΪ̡
ݸˣȻҲܳ͢Ҳ˴ţЩ˲ạ̊́һҪܳ͢һܵø
Ϊ⡰̡ͷ̫ڳĶЩ᲻ñ˳Ǯˡ
ܾǿˡ
֮󣬵գв˾׸ʥһֻ໨ƿϢ˽֪ˡ
ͷЩȻûмƿӣȴѾܻɫƿʲôģˡ˵ú໨ɾһ
һգžͷǸͷóм໨ɣ˶Ǯȥ֣һ֮£Ϊˡ
໨ɹȻ鴫
˭뵽һƿӻܾ³أ
ѰǴ⿴ֵģЩ̼ȴŵų͢ҪҤֻϧɬųٳδԸǮԵͼõ໨ɣֻʮȵȵá
ĹȱǮԼʶε໨ɸ˲һֻҪǱв˾˿УǱһء̡ݡ
մߵĶȻ˶ġ
ۼʶ໨ж֮󣬲ٸ̴ֶͲסȥв˾ëԼˡ
뵽Ǯȴû뵽ϵԩͷ˾Ȼôࡣ
æˣȥ誹Ŀ
ַһۣ˱½ͷԸҲһ飬̰ĵĲҪҲҪԶһЩԸ߼ۣƽƽҲõġ
調ɲЩ̵󣬷˳͢档
ıƵպ˱ģ΢ºúòһȻЩĳĸߵ
Уͷͬλһɶ¡ԽԽãõ󡣡Ǯ·
ٰǵЩ·Ϳˬˡ
ˣгеˮϵͳҲøġٰǿ棬˵ͷĻʳǿ⣬񿪷ⲻҲûãֻܺúýһٰˡ
֪ǮǷʣ£ʣµĻͨһͨˮҲǷǳҪģ
ˣҲ׬ǮΪв˾ģƴˡ
ϵĹɸѡ¼Щõĳʵǰ
ȱǮʱЧʱжˣһ磬һͨ¼
֮ʾּͷ̳ƺš
Щǿɾ͵һգӵʥּʱеĴʯͷ˵أ֪͢ûڲƭǡԴ֮ˣرҪ֪ǿạ̊́մһʡ֡
ûء
ϵͷˣһʮλ̴Ǯʱ˭
һв˾ͳＯ˺ôһʣ㹻ǽҤйˡ
µҤɽ߶
ٰɹĵض治࣬طȴ࣬ʵӵòײűٳôһյ
Ǯıˣضˡ
Ϊʡ֧뿮֮ʾ誣׼Ƿη﹤
ȥͷǡûиձεĻ
ΪԼ˴ܸ͢һձ˭֪ηԴܼ͢ŲȴҪ£Ͱ͵
ƾʲô
๤С㶣ǳ⣺أҸɻ
һӳûͷˡ
С۸ᣬɻͷȴ֣ӵĽԾȴûһۡ
Ǹǡ


74 Ǯ׽棩 
׼ˮ
, ҲֻǿˡǴǰһ׼ˣָʹؽ, ĶǷη, ɷøˣ򲢲ҵǡ
򶼲ңԾ͸, ˭ҪӲ
ЩչʱԾȴ˼ˡ
ԭǻϹˡ
֮ǰȥ̽, ȴһֱûܽȥŵĹүǵͷķԸǰ̽Ծ, һŲСҲǷһ򣬲ŵ֪ڴ˵
Ⱥʱ, ײŵȵչʱҶæԼ¶ϾˣСǰҵԼĶӺ͵ܵܡ
ԾһĸףˮͲۿд, , ͷһ׷ʣ, ʲôʱܰҸȳȥ
⡭ϿľȴҲ޿κΡ
Ķ, ű˶õĹ, Ѿݳģˡϲĸ, ⼸ʮ϶ǳ, ֻһذǼҼҵ, ЩԶ׺Ҳ, ҪǾȳȥ̫סͷٺúİ취ɣԾżú¶˾˵Ļܳġ
ԾһȻΪ˽ȥģʱΪʧ
֪ȥǲܵģǼеЩӻƼôˣȥ
ĵҲãλҲ¶û˹иڼҡؼǼҲˣ֮ǰլҲĴǮŲ˿աô˶һСլͷʵЩˡԣҲǲ㣬׾ݣǮûˡ
̾ϢĻأ
ĴŴ˼ˡ
ƼҸвͬǽҲδ̰ƣƼ˾Ͳһˣ߲ܣ֪̰ī˶ٵ֬ࡣ
˵ʥԭҪϳ͵ģֻɱ˲ŷ˻ƼһټĻƼңǱڵռӶʣˡ
Ӷøɸɾ
ŵܵģֻҪнڣƼұ㲻˶
ԼҲӼѣɷһأֱӲಡ齣ŪûÿҲǳüչԼɷȤֱ˽ԼˣЩͷС
óԼ强Ǯ֮ǰҳ¶ϽӼ˲٣Ϊ¶Ӹϱࡣ֪ԼùЩҲֳӡ
µ强ǮѾˣΪ˶ӸܹܵúһЩҧ˲١ûӣ˻򣺡ܵܣԾľͷչˡ
ԾǮӣ۾ֱضš
ôӣ̫֪ǮƵҪˡֻҪǮ۰ЩҲʲô¶
ǿжˣ
¶ɬ
Ψлֻ֪½Ҳ׽ˡȻûɱˣϾҲЩɾ飬ʥϲϺӵġ
ϼҪǮչ˽Ծ
˳Ծûоܾ⺢ӱϾСģ˵Ҫڼͷգܲܡ
Ҳ˵仰㲻òˣǹٲԽľܲһ˵
ĿͶӸܱܵһ·˻ȥ¡ǼôߵĵزأӴСûгԹܸࣻܵţƽ³ԷǱźȴֻܴһ鲼Щηһͬ
үΪ˴ǽң
ʹޱȣȴ뻹иʹĵģֻ֪ˡ
͸һǮûȣ˴֮ǰͱˡ
ĲмѾ̰ôǮǮΣ
Ҫۣȴֱӱƽη
ԾֱСǮЩôҵģ˾ͲǾôǵǮˣʲô¶
Ҳò壬ͷɥʲô취
ֲɱЩۡ
֪ˣͲýǱǮġ˭ҲܺùȺۡ
ڡʪĴΣƽͷһθܵ˺ʲôζ
ûΪõɱƽҲᱻһС۸⸱ģˡ
һӶùֱ
λʹģĻҲɻ
Щ«Ҥв˾⣬ЩǮ̼ҲնšֻϽѶܸõ໨ɡв˾ȻҲıϾ̫ˡͨϣһ¶ͷͱ⣬ʵ۲
һյؽϣºһƬ«Ҥˡ
¾㱸ֻˣв˾ֲ
ʱٰѽ
誼һȥһ⡣ĲҲַǷˡ
ڹ͹ʱ誻Щ顣ٹԣϾͦģûʲôĻֱȥһЩҲǲġ
뿮֮ȻĽ顣
ЩǾǮ˵Ǹв˾໨ɵģڷ뿮֮ǮȻ˳͢Ǿǳ͢ġв˾ʡһʣͷǱڱˡ
ţз뿮֮˵ڶûܷϵӡٿѵؽʡһ㣬һ㣬Ȼʣ˺ôһʡ
뿮֮οԴ˱ȥ誹Ŀ
뿮֮᲻ûǮǮСĵ㻨ԻϺóһʱء
Է뿮֮ʥϣǮɵʡŻ
ͶأЩֹˣûԴγðɣ
΢ˣ뿮֮ԴǣǶĲãͷһվܿ࣬΢淸Ϳ˴£
誵˵ͷ֮ǰûľ
ʼɽµġⷿ
뿮֮Ծؾˣʥѵûʱ̼ǹŴ¡һ˵Ȳ߲ݣձܿ
뿮֮Ļ͹ˣǲŵģϾ˵ˮֺܴ
һ¼ùʾ룬ѡеı׼ʲôÿ٣סá֣蹫֮ڡ¶Ҫץ죬ϾҪ붬ˣ붬ǰǰȥס
뿮֮˵ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
һðһЩĹİն֪͢ƴԱ
뿮֮ˣʥ˻ƹƾ٣
صͷȷд⡣
ʵܼμӿƿ顣
뿮֮ʣʲôĲŽأ
誵ҹſɡ
ֻҪףôŶС誾ãôȾ飬ֻ֮͹ˡ
ǽѵסլǶͲĹЩ˲ģ
ͶǾ͸ˡ£Ҳˡ
뿮֮誵Ļ˼
ֱ뿪֮󣬷뿮֮ô̫֡Ͷ룬뷽뿪ʱҪʡŻ
誡šһǮȥһҲûע߶Щʲô
뿮֮˵䣬뿪˸
Ѿ誵˼ˣ˼ôǱضúҵһ
ԶĹڴʲô˼ҪӢ֪ǵ׳ٸ
ˣô죡
뿮֮Ųس˹
ǰߣ誾Ȳط˱ҿٵطһҳ
룬вǮءôǮʵڿϧˡ⣬ú˽˵
ȻǮǾһԻˣͿٰǵˮˬˣÿγҪѬðʵ޿ˡ
ôһɾĻʵۣԼҶǵˮֳأ
ģģ


75 ݣ׽棩 
ʹ
ú, 
һٰǵˮͼͼֽǸ϶õġ調ͼֽʱͦȣʱʱŵЩˮͷζ, , ǲΪˮڵĲˮŲȥԲ˶ĵζ
ɿͼֽ, ȴָȫһٰǲз, ӣˮȴ޵üáͨ˴, ǵӴǿ
ôĹ, Ĳ¶ôǵ²ʲô᲻Ҳ֪
⻰ûͬ˵ֻ޴ǰٰ۵Ĺʵ, , ջ۵ػȥ, ϱд󻼡
ˣҪˮĹ, 誷Ը, ˳ּ΢ԸΪʥЧ, ٰڹ
óӰ
誸̾, û˵, ôӦ, ɱȷ뿮֮һ߶ˣһ۾Ϳеˣ
ۣҪຫһˡ
ûϡϾǰҲһ·ġĻᣬϧķһʥͨеĹ
ǡ
ЩͨǮҲһʲСĿ֧
Ȼ͢ãǶԳĲҲ誵ҪʶĵǮ⡣
ҲʶʲôĺˣһǮֻܷȥٰǲǽսǺ£ҲݣýҾѲ˾ϼӹܿءڹԭרͨӵģֻȴ޴һרŵˮ˾һֵ˾רŸֵˮռٰˣȴɾ޿ʵͷۣúΡ
֣ôһҪεĶôࣿ
һ誡
ƣʲôҪһ
˵𾢣͵ؿͻȻֹס
æ񣬻¡
룬ҲԼ̸۵ЩͬѰԾ̯ˣôšǰЩӣ˹ǱǵĿƾѡǲʹǰѧϰĹĵ֮

ôôƤʣӦˣ
ҲһѾ
˼ǣռıˣĴͶ˵֮
⻰Ȼû˵ô˼ȻöԷƤȻʵҲȷǵȷһ졣˵誱ҲûŰ⵾취ҴţϾҲѣʷƺǴؿʼƹģ˼ҲԼ
誾ãǹĿĿ²˼򵥣⵾ƾ٣Ӧǽڣ
誵ˮڰɣǵķӲѣ˼ѧûᣬãҲȫ֮ꡣȻʱУĹϵ΢һܺùһˡ
ȻӦҪ̣ǵĻظִʹҪ˶೤ʱǰĹǹ֮⽻誺ôҲǻʵۣҲҪӵġ
ĹȻһЩ˲ٰǣԲ䣡
Ҫɸɾ
δȴ̬һ¡
²˵ġ
գֽλĸ󳼹ͬ飬һգǽ³öҾѲ˾ˮ˾ֵ˾˾ٰɸͳһϽֲӱǱ߻˲ʿȥһ١ʱ˾ˡ
ú£Ҳûʲô顣
͢ȱˡ˵һι󣬸һĵѾһˣϻӣȻҲ¶ȴٸ誳ֿͣǵҪ
òϵʱõϵʱȴҲ
ƩأԲǹ͵öϡ
Դϴα誴֮ҲԾ˲١ǲ£ȴҲĿ֮·誣ֻּ
ֽ˻ͷϣЩʿ¸±Ҫȥݵȵְ˰ɣ
뿮֮ͷ
ʱ䣬һˣܰߵ¶꣺ã֮ǰٰһѣ԰ѳΰãҲ١
ǵãл¼ﶼʹڶģҪæĻڼн
ֲǮ໮
뿮֮л¼һѺ
һ۳ֺõĻȺүеˡ
˵˵ȥǳ͢ȱ֡
ҲʶµϾԣձһʥּ°ٿһζƣÿһΣɶƣһ󿼡
Ҫֲ⡣
誸ϲƾ٣ˣôҪࡣ
ųʣѡٶԿƾٿѡ
Ȼ䲻ΨһҪҪԿƾΪѡٵҪ;
˼죬ԿƾѡˣҴҪѰվ⵱ٵˡ
ǻԸô
ų֮ǰöʣ䡢뿮֮ʲôΪȣüͷһ壬鲻򵥡
۾һգ²ܣ¬˵¬ӵ˶飬߿ƾҲˣ¡
Σֻкıһ䣺Щأ
һ仰飬ãɴλ͵ˣʡ޻ҪЩְҪˡ
ºˣıˡ
òԼ죬ЩԵ˶Ҳò졣
ʥϣԽԽ˵һˡĿ⻮뿮֮䣬ȻԶ˴ֲʥǿƣȫǡ
Ҫǲʥ˵ʲôһζңʥҲǿơ
Ȼ˵֮ȿֺ䡰ʥӢ䡱Ͳûѡ衱ֿˡ
ˣ޻˵
誼ɶҲû˵Ϊ⡣
ţĳҲʯء
뿮ֻ֮ƨ֮ŶȻѡ
԰һһǸζò׿Ǯֵû⣿
ǿòײʡǮһһʿٳ׸ʥϵģתͷûˡ
᲻ûǮ뿮֮ض㣬ʹ
·׷ʱ뿮֮ȴ£ڰز˵ϲϱһ
㻹£
뿮֪֮ãƽŻſϰˣȻǮҲۣʥϣôһŪҪǮˣ
Ǯȷʵ̫ˡ誸пʵڲ
صɲ뿮֮ʹļ׵ѣԣǻǵý
Դһ٣Ҫ֪֮ǰЩĪĿ֧һ򶼲ġûǮˣһʲô
սӡ
調㲻ʡˡ
뿮֮һ㶣ΪΣ
誳˳Ҫǲʹǰݷõ¶͸¶һ£û׶һ£ֻةࡢк֪
͸¶ˣ¶Լ֪ˣĪ⴫
뿮֮誵˼ܻۡ
֪٣û뵽ٵϣƴһǺǵģǼֲٰƱػĵĹǲһ
뿮֮һ˼⻰Ҳûе
ߣҪпƾٵģ˷ʹĹĿⶼٰЩ˶ٰ֮ģôԸٰƾ١ΪЧأ
ٰǿɲӹ̣Ǯ誴ÿضô㡣
뿮֮Ÿ
誸Īһ䣺ԣͼòһʱ֮ͼĹĳʢð밮ɲҪ޵ĺȡ
뿮֮ܲסһӰθߣ΢ôϺȣ
һΨʥǴӡ
誼Чɣ㣬ٴ̼
뿮֮֮ڲޣСΪǰˣôܻϺȣ
һֻбĺȡ
뿮֮Щʲôú֤һԼ
ǾȴɽӵķסʼɣЩСٶСҲ⣬øʥ£ĲС
⼸գԭȵݽͨĹԱյ֪ͨǿʰһպܰȥɽӡ
˴εסȫ̹ʾЩˡЩͨˡΪͨסá⼸Σһͷдһڶ
е鶼һĿȻûһɹĵطŷ
˻ͷһζԻŷġ
Ƴ̶޷Сٶ߸˵ڼʰЩʱЩš
ͷ˵ʥΪЩ޶ĹԱסȢʺǮȥˡ
̶ȵԴ𺳡
Ϊǣʺ󶼲ȢˣѵʥУǱȻʺҪҪ
Ǻεºܰ
л˵
誣Ľ
뿮֮ⲻ


76  
ɹˮ
˵, ʥϵȷһֱûӭȢʺĶ
֮ǰйһλֻ̫ϧΪ̫¶ѾˡҲߴٹ¶, ÿζǲ֮ǱΪûҵʵ, ЩﲻЩΡ
ʥûȢʺ󣬸òΪǰɣ
Ϊ, ѾӭȢʺǮ, ﻹǮȢʺأ
ʥ̫ˡ
Ϊµࡣ
Ȱɽ֮θбˡ
ûס֮ǰǲָжáضŽ, ǿˮˣĵط, ЩͲЩˣֻҪͺá
˭뵽ⷿӾȻ㾫ɡ
ӸջЩ, Ĳ, , ᱻڵһ㣬, סøһЩҲ֪䷿ӵ¥ô, Ч, 滹һ̺, ڲš
̶ȵһԱסȥ֮, Ȳؾһءǰ, סһ飬໥Ҳ㡣
оͦģ˭Ҳյô
һλµ˴˱ԼסĵطĲˣ
˵¥ʤڵط֮ǰ޵ǸլӿҪ࣬ѵõǻһ¥̨ƽֲҲĺܡ
ؼǼ۸ˣֻҪôһǮиŵĵطס桢ַ㣬ٺòˡ
̶ΪȻ
ȴǶһլӾ͸ˡҹסһ¥ԵЩ֡
̶ʧЦٰǣÿֻһ㣬ǵýٵլӲ޷ĹԱǳ͢ôǮҲҲôĿյءɽҲṩһʱŵضѣܵͬסһȻܳõסȥܲסЩǮȥһլӾˣͷլӶǡҪЩԸȥһ
ôһʣȴû˸͡
ͷլǶ࣬ѽҪһ˽ǣ뱲׬Ǯȥ
ֵôǻʵʵסŰɡ
֪լӵĺãסҲסģ뿮֮״ͷ˴ԣ˵ɽӱйڣȵȦظʥйģػѾˣʥٵĹԱ޷࣬˵ͲЩػ
ͳԼǮɽӡһжΪʥϰӣļհٹܿࡣ
󵫷ٵģլӿס
ԭЩȱɽӣҲڱ˿ڿഫбˮáλúãǾͬţؼͬޡصķǼۣҲصԼⲻĺ÷ֻҪ˹٣С
뿮֮ſںһطĹۡҲҪֻҪ泯͢¶ģ¹ʲôȱס
ⶼʥϵĶ䡣
Ϣֶߣܿ㴫˴ϱ䶯һʱ
Ϣǵ𺳣֮ǰ䷢ƾٿԵСԭȻвηٰǵķۣ͢ôһ׸ǽ˺֮ǡ
ֻҪˡˣ͸䷿ӣֱϵڱ
˵°껹һƣǻԥʲôȻǺú׼ˣ
Ĵ˭ԸΪЧأһʱ䣬ɽլﶬƵϢշἰģͷһ˿㽡
ԼгһҲܰȥסһס
誴Ӱ˱ЩѾˡ
֮󣬱뿮֮һ١ϸһ룬־ûȻʡ
뿮֮ЩϻȻϵɣҲ˸Ѷ»ЩڱʱԴڡ
ûһΪ龫ǵĺûʵۣȻ¶԰ٹٰΪˡĹǿǾԲȢ޵ġ
Ȼˣǿɲϡ
Ϊ˳ŵűȥˣǻҲףڱƣǵڳǮűٳûǮ͢ҲûǮ
誾Щ󳼿ŵĵԣ϶᲻õġ
üչԵ֡ûãͻȻһͷĻϢ
лµ˾Ȼٰǵˮͷס˲ӷ
⻹ˣ
誸æһ·Уϵ·ء
ΧΧһȦգҲͷһμ͢˵ʦڣֻΪͨ
»λ֮¶ͦġ
ͺñ֮ǰǽֺñҾѲ˾˲УȦһЩվֵ̣ҲЩӱվʲôˣǿһضûС
˱ڹ˭֪ЩӱһգȻĽȥˡ
ҲһʦڣȻ֣Ųǻ¶
˻ûߣлµȽʿҲڡ˶Ūûͷģл¼ԹĹӸ磬ͷһˮڵһۣڳˮ̳һ
סӵĳ嶯ǰ
ԺһСϣɢһ״ζԼԼϵζѬ誣ԸԶԶر
һɨЩʿȻյģǲᷳ԰
⽿ֻ׸Ĺˡ
ڴ˴ˣ
ǣԶԶر죬״ԣüʿܹȥ˿סһ֤֪ԭǰ그¶ӵﷸһԭ⹵ͷŲˣǷģ޼ҿɹ
ǵȲɲģ㲻˵ˡ
課֪ߣֻǰߣͨʱעһЩЩӷЩ׽ù鰸ֵ˾ҪڶһѲ߹ٷ顣޼ҿɹǲиԺ
誼ǵãר
ĬһίȷһЩɵʵڲࡣ
ͷҲδʲôõط˵۵ĹҪء
ˣɫȻ㡣
Щ۵ĶҲ֮ǰû񱻵㵽ʶס
誵л£лһ֣ǰȥһ龩еĸ԰вףֱ׽סµȥ̲ظ޲
лһϲȺ£ȻҪɶˡ
ȻӦ¡
ͷļ˶۰Ͱ͵ؿлµ˼еģȿʱ˶٣ǵһš
ˣ
̫߳ˣ
лҲûֵͣˣû˵ġ˹Ȼ⣬Ҳ֪Ǻ£ǹԹԸһȥˡ
誹ʱֻ뿴ʲô˸Ҳˮͷ֪ˮͷԭôˣʱЩ޼ҿɹҲ̫Щ
ҲıЩҪ˽԰ֻǿͷûǮ
˵˵ȥǵҪǮǱ߿ҪӰˡ
պյȺյţʹսĹ
֮ȥߴٳġ
ʹãһõᣬǵ໨Ҫһˡ
Ķ
ةǶ֪֮İ壺ȥΪβȥĹռôıˣǺϸùռȥ
ةԥǲʹȥҪϺ񣿡
붼û;ܾˣЩʲôĹ޾ͲţᱸϺ񣬿Ϳ˼ҽ̲ɣĹǵ֮أñ֮
ûб˼Ǳ誶ĹˣҲһΡ


77 ˮ 
ڲĽʿǡ
ة໹Ȱ, Ѿ˵ˡ
ǴĵԼ˿ҲĹϳ˿ԺϣʴŻ
ة޿κεȥ, ͷϸϸһ, ־ò
Գ֮ǰԭ֮Ծ, λͬһ㡣һ֪ģֿտյȥ̱, ةʵûĺƤ
ǹԸǮģةӦٲ, ҲӲ˼Ǯû취ةֻ, ʹһֵֻǧİ״ƿ
ƿʿ޼ۣةԵɺϲŵôһһֱղڿ, δ, ôó, ҲǷۡ
ǳѪģϧû顣
ҵһ˵֮, 䳰ȷ, ޾˵ةһϲԱ˳Щûν¡
˵˲Ͷ, ǵøеЩ, һĶûС
ةǵڶղʵ仰, ʱ, ŭЦЦ֮ͷӿһ֮С
ǹЩҲǸģôԽ²ȷԽ
һֱˣة඼ЩδˡܵУƻǹȴֻǰӬͷС
˵飬ǰοȰ˵صةడة࣬¶ͲùܣʥϱĹôǴķιӣܸˣ
ةһƳˣҲǸӲģǹеһƴ
һĹ޵ɥĲʧȥˡɳܱܿˣǴ̣ѵָĹԵ±Թ
һʲôأ
Ҳûڸһ
ʹŴةıƿӣԤ¡
ͬʱлŵһѾǵĸԺ鴦ɸɾˡ
һ˿ǽǴ۽硣ԭΪССĸԺҲһƣֲʲôˮ֪֮ͷж˵˵Ķ䣬ɥĲ⼸ǶЩ˼ֱûԡ
ԺˣҪô޼ҿɹҪôˣЩһУ⸣ԺֻΪһ֮Ϊܹ֮ϰӣ˭֪ȥˣǸˡħߡ
ûŮΪŮϾͱˣӣһɶøɻûûҹظɻ
ǲӣԱ߱гֱӵ˽ǴƤ
лǹʱڱС
СܹΆ˴ȸߣ˵¶㱻ĻѪ
廪ûðɣֱ˦˵ϣϹ˶Էһֻ۾
ƾԷôſڵϺУûͬ顣ո˵ĺݾ廪ԼǼӴĲء
Щȫ޵Ĺ£󶼱ȥ̲Ρ
Ϊڳд¬ϲ飬ⱳ󾿾˭ڱӻ
鵽һͿһпɲЩ
һ飬鵽ٹԱֱ𣬿ͷһ䣬ǰŵװס
ЩΪĹ£ûҪǵ̫ǣȻϲˣǾҲձ˱޲ߵζ誽ǰŵ󳡣ҲûûҹĲɿҵƬ̣Ա߱˱ź
һϴֿճ˲λá֮ǰճٰ֪飬ָвٹԱ䶯ˡ
һ޾ȻҲһϷ档ȻһϣųҲ誼š
һٶҲٶҲԾһˡ
һգ誱ѹĶȥˣһյĹ򣬽Щλˡ
ٰ֪Ǵġе˹壬ͲСʮ꣬˵ڵطͻԲűˡ
֮ǰλҲĶָϡ
飬誵֮ǰɳ̳
誶˵Ҳ̫⣬ҪҲ޲ʲôáף˽ⲻ࣬ǰӡֻöԷǸ¶ģô꣬ҲûŽ͢ʲô飬һֱʵ֡
Ҫ˵ʲôʵҲȷʵûС
ٶǵˣֻΪͷûиõѡԲŲѶΪ֮
ԸѡеĲҪʧźá
Ϊ˼ԷϽ誻ǰų̳調û¶ֲ෴ֳλεصģѳ̳Ƶһһ㶵ġ
¹ѻ誾ãóѻúøһ¶콫˸ĸһ½ĳؽ
¹ϵش󣬽޲ģΨн̰ǿģ̰䲻ʧɣ
Ȼᣡ̳һȣظʾԼһ
誻ǣôһڣڶЩӵҪѾһٽ
뿮֮ŵĶѾǹ֮ˣεܰ飬Ҳұۡ
ο޹Ȼûп̰䣬ôˣ飬ȫǿֶθ
̳ĳȣŶԭʥϾ˺
֮ܵ飬ʥϱٵ˴£ǲ̳ʵ
ã̸Ц㶨³̣ⱾǼõ¶̳Ҳû뵽Լ֮ͷһʥܹ˳ҵءɵȵԺ΢侲󣬳̳Ȼ򡪡
ôֵһ£ôʹӦ
±ҪӦôҲΣʥ֪жѰɣôɵشӦҪĲãͷʲô
̳ݺݵһԼš
ϧ֮ӡ
͢Ա䶯˵Ժѡ˲ٹ¡ճǮƣȫ˸ԺСҲ֪һֱôȥҲǸ¶ܶһʱܶһЩ˻ǵԼų͢ӼãһݺʵĹЩǮư
һʱҲû뵽ʲôԽϣֻպ顣
ҪĻٰΰ⡣
ΪնţлһжѸ٣ͨˮ֮󣬺ȥΥ½ҶҶѷΪ
͢Ϊ̨һ㵹㣬ֹڽֵסլ㵹ΥߣҪشʮҪдʮһķ
򲻴ӶԲ˵νҪǽǮǼֱȵ컹ѡ
ôһǰͷţ˵ҲԵսսԼһõ˲õĵط˲÷Ǯ
óȻһһǵǮӣȻ˲
һ졭ȥ˷ԭҲп𽥸ɾ֮
˭Ҳǲ֪ôģЩﶼǳ͢ռһһߵġ鷳һЩɷϽֵȷʵɾˣ˿Ŷġ
ǿģԭȽֵ¿ƽʿ
ģȺʿûˮӰ߳תֲò
ͨˮء
пܻصȥлһὫǸִŲμӿƿԼ
ȺʿǻԼⱲٲбùʱȴʱվжǻ̫ˡ
Ϊ誶ٰǵķˮ
ҵˮȻҲҵлµϸշˮǲǳ͢ˣռķˮδãʲôҪĽĵط
ʵû˸Ҳӡ
л޿ظˮ˽ģⱲӶûô
лҴӣǰ£Ķţгһ¶
ڣҲڳЩ֮յţ˵ʹѾҪִٰˡ
յ֮誶á
ģõĻظ֮ʹǰƫ˵ûһ˼
ưǴĹҶ
ǣ棡
ѾȲһʹˡ
ǧҪһ


78  
ʲô񣿡
Ĺ·ͬ, Զ죬ɹֵǣǾȻͬһյִٰǡ
һ˸ȥĹ, 誱Ѿǵˡ뾳ʱ, ĹǼ˴˷ʹΡԱ׵ȣÿһؿҪµǼһΣÿЩ˵ʲôط, Щվ߷öس, ߶Ѿһһ֪誡
ͷаֵģȻҲвֵģ誶С
Щ˿ʱ, ö˴˴δ͵³̡
ĹԴһף׵ĶЩˡʵҲ, ԭĹҲһĹֻܵãڰҲ·硣бʹã·ѵʳ޵, ҪĹ
誾ȫûҪ, Ĺֲʲô, ûҪġ
Դˣ˾òס
飺ûʲô׵, Ҽ, ǰЩ, ûҪӡһֺ, ֮, һоͰ˵ȥ
誴һ, Щֱӿˣڲʲôģ붼롣һĹʵ۶˽ͰͣôɵԼʡǮȥʹ
ЩʹҲֻǸսǣûķݡ
Ŵ¹󣬲޶ֻú乢ԪֱӴλ˵ķ׵ĸԣֵ˺㣬һȥӴ
Ȼ課ĹϵúþӪģɲֱܱĹ˸ˡ
кţҲġ
֮課δټʹԽһڽʿȥ˳ſڡ
ͣεʿ
лµһЩ԰ҲФ誻Ϊϡ
ƫƫˡ
誼סÿ˵Щ˵»ָƽſ˿ڣһҲ֪ʱټʱ䣬Ҳջɣ
˵Ī뵽ЩӣˮշˮģһʱĬĬԡ
ȷʵѧ˲١ڶ֪ôҹ㡢ҹˣνǽ١
Ҳ̾һȺʫĶˣǱĥƽǣáͨҲˡ
һģҲԸ⿴ĳ棬ǰѵȷʵλˡ
ͳɲٶˡ
ֻѵˣٴһѪСԼǸԵģûгԹ⻹ûܣôЩѪڣúܣ
Ҳ˵˶֮תͷȻʼǣЩյĽ޶һ⣬ֻΪǶĹδĹ֮ǼƶҲãҲգճٰǣǰ¶׵Ժ֮󣬱㲻ֹԼˣһеĶǵطĸĸ٣վȡϣڲõĽÿػصǣ֤ûŴˣ
ʿжԸӡ
ʥϹǼԭ˵Ķġ
֮ǰ뿮֮Ȱ˵ǵʱ򣬻в˾÷뿮֮վ˵֪ۡʥġ֮֮Уʥ֮ڹ࣬ȫɵģΪľǸõ
˲䣬еһж˵ͨˡ
ʥϹȻǣ
һȺʿ쳣׷ױ̬׳ۡ
Χ۵İ˵ﵽʲôܣֻǾⱲҲûĳ棬Լ䣬ҲȺ¿ƽʿϣǼ֮ʵʵ
ĹڱãҲδгһܹ°̺壬ô
ϧ𣬾Ե͵ĸҸĸ˫׸Σһе
ź֮ĸų
ųǽ֮һ׷ĽѾ˹١һ겻ˣĴѹĶӣȴʥϵĺ뿪ȥƴս
äӣȻҪࡣ
ųңңһ̾ˣˣ͢ĵӣһ̵ͷˡ
ųߵĺ
λ˻뿪֮󣬾λʥģ˵׼һ֪
ĹҵĽваǴ۽磬ʹҲ͵͵Ⱥм䣬Ŀȫ̡
ķ;УشԺֵ︡ĻĹʿ̬ģ
Ҳʿȴϣ鷳ǾûҪǰشҲûҪǽһУȴȻı뷨
Ȩѹƴ󳼣ƽ׽ˡʵáǱʣҲ׽ıܷۡ
ͷ˿ʹ죬ֱǱһӵΪǸԸĹĺá
شӵι˷ӵȴǺʢҲųǵʶˡʶϻػΪͶҪһ࣬ͻȻƳʲô£ĳޣԹʢĹҲһѡ
ͷ;СһֱĹĲǣ
ֻһЩʿΣֲʲôҪ飬ֳôĶҲָ֪˭ġʢʶؾǸ
ιشǶĹٻ˽ʢֹЩȫڶУشǲͬ൹Ϊ˾ٿȡ֮
ȡֱЦʦڿȡ¿ƽʿŶۿȡĹʵΪȺˣʹȤ
شǼ첻ۡ
شǾԼʵûҪͬʲôûκ塣
죬ʢԼӮˡ˸˵ͨˣմմϲȻҽɣĹʵزֱ֣ķݱͲԣˣסδţ˵ҪͷĴ˲ܶ£ǲԣͷһղǻҪһֱȲɣûϻãŸ¶ģһҪ˺ݺݵشһǵ
Ҫǻһ͸ˡ
ֻǺʢôû뵽ķ֮󣬷
ԪֱٽŴźķݡ
źشǸĶιԪֱ΢ɫǶűӲǱӣ۾۾ĺʢԪֱʵڲˬ
ˬûʢ̫ɫ
ޱĺ֮󣬹Ԫֱ׼Ǽˡ
ʢʱɵۡ
ǼʲôñĶѾڸؿ𣿡
Ԫֱ࣬ǡ
ϵĺ²ãæ֪֮ĹȻҪǼᣬһס
ʲô·ʢһͷˮ
ǰʹĹùġ
˵һסʲô˼жŸסǲṩĻӶûУ
ǣĹʲôʱôˣ
ȻںʢʱѾױﾡ˺
ȻǴŶģΪ˴Ķһȥкüӡ
ʱ޲࣬ЯĹȻ
ʣǹ֮ء
ԪֱԼҲˣһӣֱӸõķ䡣
˼ôˬ죬ҲС
䣬ʣµģˡ
˵Ŀ׷䵽ʢϡ
ԣأ


79 ҹ 
򾿾˭û
ʢֻǰةһ
˽ȡ
һ, ĹĺȻμ穡
ʢԼҲ޹⣬Ψһ˻粻ءϧϲò, ʢֻܽӵϡ
δ, ֻ͵ƫƫֲˡ
ĺܣʢĵ
ԪֱͷһۣһͨӨ׵İ״ƿճƵϾտ, ໨ǰϵ״ƿԵƽƽˡ
Ԫֱɱ¶⡱ı顣
ɰѺʢûð:ʲô, Ĺһ޶޼ۣ
, ԭΪشﲩҲû档ԪֱҪôڡһھ˲
ʢһû:㡪
֡ǰ, 侲˵һͻʵǣĹƽﲻð״ƿ
ʢЪ˻óǸ߸ϵģ
ʵʢʱҲ, Ĺ, Ĺһ֮, Ǿ£ÿһþ:ԭ, ûù, ȻҲ͡İ״ȴµ, Ҳû
ԪֱЩΪ˵໨, ЦЦ
شιδڡιΪߵĹٻشǴĿ, Ĺӵ̸ֹ, ĳ͢硣
Զ׼Ĺǿơ
ǿƵʢǳʡ
ﲻʹ죬Ҫ˵:ǰûа˶ķġ
ĹأֻǴǰûóã˭뵽Щ˸Ҫأ
ʢŭ𣬼ֱд
źʢıԵְһ:ǹ˵˼ǣĹþս£Խò£˲ҪϾҲǰչذ¡
⵹˵һ˻ʢ˳ȴ־ùҲԭϸ˺һ֮󣬷ŻȻ
ֲô˳أԭ˵ľǱ
ʢͷһһº:Ǳ߶ˣ
ǰʿ
ݣǿˡʢԺ˲һȴΪĹЧֱǱСˣ֮ġ
̧°:ƺɽ
ʢƽƲľķ
ϺôҲֻǲؽһ:˸߿ĳˡĳԭʱûΪ˳ӵĻᣬѰհˡĹսݰһģͬӭսȴǹδսȽݵȵعãʵݰյġҵҳʥ˶ƣøݰ볯ΪٵĻᡣǰ£ƽ˭˭治һƺЩˣ
ְ˻Ƶ˺ʢϣ
ʢʵҭסˡ
Ҳû뵽ô˵ĳֽǶҲǸС˲ˡ
ԪֱõǣָϽѹȥֻʲôûз
ϲΣȺ˭ҧķ蹷
ʢûлش𷽲һʣʵڳҲûһ⡣ԪֱһΣԼ񣬽˰źס
ʥн˭͵˭ס÷ӣԪֱһ·࣬Ǳ㽫ʹȷ䣬ֵĻ¥ķӣסΪ
ԴΣΡ
ʢʵ֪ôۿ֮޷ܣѾĹʵ˸ס
СƵģûôƵģ˭ʹǺóԺúȵдţôĹָŵİ״ƿôõıȺ˾˵ĲʶԹһӶסƧ֮أûöûʲôǴһʤôţһӡ
ô治𣬵ͲӦ
⻰ÿûҪȫʧ
Ҳû˭ƤҪǵøʲô취
ع֮󣬹Ԫֱķͷԭԭ誡
Ǹʢ̺ûðɡΪͦ׺ͣһ㡪̡⻰Ǻûغã浣˷ͷһӶóܱ˵ĭӣĿ
͸úݺݴˣסĵضխ֮ͽýֱӸϳȥ˯֣
Щδ棬ȴͦõġ
˭ҪһԼͷľأ
෴ʼı:΢׾ʹЩҹԴ󣬲ɳڳתȦǼʶʶٰǵķ
뵽ʱǿɶͷӦ:ȷʵҪ֪˭ӡ
˵꣬Ѻ:ǧǵǳš
뵽ٰǵķ⣬ɵһЦ
תһȦ֮󣬺ϱȥķݡ
ʱشҲųŹһ䡣
ǰһΪѧϰĹƿľ飬ҲΪϸһĹʲôģʶĹʵ̫ƬˣԼȥһһߡ
ʢһθܵظĲࡣǰʹãĹÿÿڱȥǮǱˣȴʲôûС
ԽԽȥˡ
ʢԼӭ˺
ź׼ȥҹУʢʶų⣬ϵгʲôÿģ
ӰûС
Ȼܿ죬ͱ
Ʋָҹк󣬴ûϻĺʢȵĿɿڴǱֱѡû桱ֿϡ
עĺˣˣء
ڽûйԪֱڣϲˣԺʢŵӹһ١
ҹСɴڼ䣬гԴöȣӦоУۼźĵƻͻͣ硣
ѵõǣֵĳȴңͷɾǸɨһҲӲӶ
ʹէȻҲ֪ĹٰӶǵ÷ǮģΪĹİɡ
ʢڷ˼Ҫǻİգɻ
ƿ϶ѡ
ѣҲòĶȥ
شǸп:ŹҹУû뵽Ȼô֣ҹҪֵʱ
Цŵ:أֱšֵ̯ӣͨ
شǰֿĿϾӡ
ֵıһܵĽй³̣СĹΪǰ
һУкشǳ֮ģʼĹĪļɵ
󣬺شǽǰǰ̯涼תһ飬˷Žƽͻķݡ
شԭΪĹʵۻҪǼգڶգ͢ʹͨ£˵ǽʥϻڸ磬ǽӷϴ
ʱһ֮󣬱̤빬
֪ǼִЩ˶ѾҪˣҲʼ˷:޿ž𣿡
˱æص:񣬾ˡ
Σ
˵ǰ磬ʵΪǵġģǵġڲͬ˼ֻһȴһһҪж١
ϡΪ󣬳ܴΧĻᣬȻǼǮԽԽˡ
調ֵػţ֪չ׬Ǯ


80 ׽棩 
¶໨ɡ
ʱ, 誷԰
˵ǳ԰Ǹͷһƫͷһ԰ӡĹĻʹռʵ̫С, ͷĹҲ, ΪԵЩͷĹȡ˲֣ϸͻᷢ, ʱüͬһطһ, ֻֽŲͬˡ
課Ǻϲ˵ĸоϲñȱߵ, ͱˡгһգܶ, Ǿٺòˡ
ˣһͷʹҲȡЦ¡ʢͷһĹǾһѾǰˡ
ĹĹǼһЦһΡδ, ʢ·ϱеʹЦ:˵Ĺ, һ㲻, ĿѡⶼΧһȦм䲻֪˶, ɼЩĹж, αأ
ûоû, ǵС
Ҳǻ¶, , ûһȡֵ¶, óȥ񲻽Ц
·ų˽ȴͷһԭʹ͵Ц
ųһͷϵҲŻͷһۣһۣʱ˻
Щü۵ƨԱҿģ֪ûġȵŰɣǵĻڵҩܹˣ俪Ĵţ
ʱؾͶǵˡ
һǽ֮Ҳڸ˱ֹ:Ҳ֪˰ڱ߶Ӫˡ
ܹԴΪݵ㣬ʳǿɾ̫ˣ
δ棬˼ȴһ¡
ǲֵ
·ϵű˵ĹȻһ̤԰֮ȴһף鱸:
λԶæڹδԶӭʧʧ
شǹ˹:ҵȲʧ񡣡
˴һ棬Ѿ˼ƽϡ
λĺة࿴Ÿ߸ݣͥһҵģü֮͸¶һɾ課²⣬ǰų
պųҲڣԾͱһˡ
šȻةԲֶ࣬壬Լʱķ˵ġ
ûû䣬ϲɺء
Ҳһºشǡ
ҲһƳȥˣδϸΪûҪǶΪӵʹĹֻ䣬Ҳû˼
شҲڴ誣Ҳͬ誸ǼϱȶһĹʵۣȻ£ǿȴ࣬Ҳࡣûô˪һ
شһʱ侹ҲϹսģܾ˳죬ƽݲôһ󽾰
ҲãúŪ
úŪѾɫضڳ˵Ǯӡ
誱ʦ֡
ʢһȦ־λεġʢںͷܡ
Ĺôö֮صʢȻˬˬͶ࣬ŸҲָָ:˽ϣ֮
ų۾ԭǸ°ܽڽ:ô˿֪ӽʲô
ʢ:ô֪
û
ųûһӲʹģ:ԭС֪˵һԾʧϵʮżȻñط֮ϲԭĹҲѰӣɴ֮˾öʱ࣬˽Ըףһ£˵лŮȴأԹŮĹҲ̻ĹԭѵϲøĨһɶҲͳ˺˿еġ֮
ʢ:ļٵģ
ųƽͣǻɱȴһ㲻
һ仰˸ĵģúõӸĳӣһˣҪ
ʢػͷ׼ȡ֤
ǼСٶϸ룬ЩϤЩضźʢ˵ͷ
ҪǼǵûĻû׼ǴȥģҲǸĳӵġ
ʢһ
һȺĸƨĻ˶ǳĴ£Ķɣֻ߸ۣ
ʢȻԼҲдĶǱˡ
ųҲǵ㵽ֹԷ죬Ҳûٻؾʲô
ΣЦһЦ:һΪ²ͣûҲʵǺ˲ϲһĹĹΣ
ʲô˶ʱ˾ܱ֮ΪģȻѰ
ʢŵĲ춼׵Ժˣֻ׷:ĹĹǡ
ð˱ȥһߵ˱˵θ:˵޻Ϊ˲ǰһֻ״ƿ޼ĹĴʮ־
ңԭ
ʢ֣û¡
ĹʲôֻܸȣĹеĴһ飬ҲȲһİ״ɹվõģµһã˭ܷ
ʢ:Źȷʵվտ״ʵûʲôñȽϵġ
ҪҲ䡣
ǿδأڳĹڳĵ
˰Ź˽
ȺжŵҪǹӡҪôǾˮúʢһͷҲûС
ǹģЩѾѶ˵ǰСˣʢŸպһ䡰¡ȴȻƳװӵĹЩһ
æͷҲ׷ˣϸϸؿһۡ
ȷʵƽƽӲ٣̵ȴǰ׵໨ɫ֮ǰȻû
ʢӹ̿˾ƺǾƺ໨Ǻÿʢĵһɫ㡣
ʢ໨ǻȥģһȴʲôҲû⾹Ȼģճģ
УϧáĹ˾ûöǲ֪öôã˷ѣء
شǱȺʢҪע⵽໨ɣ̾:ĳǰֻ֪ɰ״ɣȴ֪ʽصġ
ֵ:໨ɣҳв˾´˴һڹֽɣ໨໨ɡ
شǵ˵ͷ:ֺӦ
λĹĶιҲѣ˵ֻö
課²⣬ӦҲͦ档
˭أǹδйĶ
ⲻ֪ʢѾ޺ֹˣôõգȻ˹̾ƺϣǱﰡ
ʢĿڻڵѪȴŹ:֪˾Σ
ʢһ⡭ģΧ˵Ŀⶼ˵ǿرܷԵõˡ
ʢƵһ:пɡ
֮ĹΣ
ʢӲ:ɡ
˵⻰ʱܹеĳٳٲֵľƺ˵
¶ź:ǲϲˡϧˣԭ޻׼һ໨úת͸ʡ¿ûҪˡ״ɼվտȻϲ໨ɡ
ʢֶסˣǡĹĹʵ۲ټһ£
תش:Ǻش˲໨ɺã
شǸɴӦ:Ǻĳ͹ˡ
شѾ˽չȥв˾ˡĹ໨ɵĻЩȥҲ޷
ĻһȺˡ
Ψкʢ㵣ض誣課
ʢתźشǣǺشǰͷǵɵѲɻܰԴɳ
һ֮ɣʧʲô
ʢͷһ໨ɣ֮
調ֱֺǣһֱ˼ҳɲǸϰߣֵ:żλʹҳ֮ʱһ磬Яλǰȥׯɺã
ʢʧȥ䱦ʹ֮Уףôôתƻ⡣
˵˲ҪĹʵ۲һһ֪ǳġ


81 µأһ 
ˡ
֮, ټȺһ̵Ļ顣
̳ͷһβμᡣǵã֮ǰϷ彪ÿÿӹп֮ɫǺܺáڴ, ̳һֱΪʲô˼˷Ķ, Ƕ֮ŷֳ֣վȻĺг
ȻҲаӿƩһֱâ, ɳ֮⣬Ҳûʲôķˡ
ֻ˵, ̳Ǹʱ
ͷѱְʣµСͷľѳۣҳ¶, ļλ±˴֮й, ڴͬˡ
誽յҪ:νǵ໨˳ȥ
յȷһ誾ȻҪ˼棬ȡ롢ࡢ
ᵽ׬Ǯ, ˿ɾ˾, ûñ˵Ȼ졣
̳һ¶, 鲻ҶԣԶʧ, ñ˿ֻǿŷ鿶, ٻЩĽǸʥϸ˵ĺô, ֲͬ, ˵, ʲôʱҲ
̳ԼսȺ, ȴ֪ʱ͵͵ؿ˹
̳һֱ˵ΪԷԼһ·ӵˣ£֮ģ˽:̴ǲǲϰµķΧ
̳ȲΪͻȻԼ
۾һУżɽ:˵ϷұǲμôΣҲǾñŤᣬһҲ˵ģֻǷȥǰܸɵڶţǺαسͷأɣʲôܣڡ
ǰͷʲôأҲλĴ֮ԭȶúõģֻǽЩӲŷ֣оȻûһ
̳ƺˡ
ʵѹϣͷٳһΪ˹ŻѪģ˵̫ѺˣŻ£̳
ˣ̳Դʮֲͬ:ҵʳ֮»ȻҪҾ֮¡ΪʥϷҵְڣȻǧѣҲõʲã
:ԭˡ
˵Ĳԣ
:ûС
˻ȥҪĻޡ
˾̫ߣͲһεġ
ɴ죬˵Խ֣۵ԽӦͷϣбԽǱôˣȴҲһһġѵ˽Ҷô
ⳡᣬÿ˶⡣
˺ϼһ϶ģδءɲôţǶúݺݵһʡ
ĶԹ̫ô˻ᱨһﶼʲ
Ҳע⵽šƺĺر
Ҳ֪ԭ
誼ȻӦ˵ڶҪʹȥׯ϶Ҳǵǰŵġ
뿮֮ӶͦеģǾ͵ҹһдá
ǵʵ۵ĺôˡ
ʲôеµźá
課֪ǣһʹδߡĺʢ˯ţȫΪ޵ЩʱڴʱϷһԺһһػ룬ԽԽԽԽ˯š
˿̨Ѿ˺ЩĻ㹻ĹĹѪͷˡ
ʢһ鸴ԼδֵģɻعʵȴòԼʵǱϷŪҭ˵ʵ
ް޵ֱ壡
ĶιߣĹʵۡͷһμ誣й誵¶ȴʱӱ˿þˣιǸǸóŪȨݺصľ¹課δֳʲôǵǹ˺ʢһ֪Ǹɫˡ
Сﰡ
ںشǶҹȥһҹСԽ࣬شеļƽҲԽࡣ֮ǰڱʱܾõġ¼ʶ˼䷱شǲ֪ԼһҶĿˡֵһҪأ˷ĵطʵڿϧˡ
˸̥ɵڶڶ
ʹԴ˻ȽڴʹϢĺʢǶԽյĲι۸⿴ء
ƺƵĳӴ֣һ·Ļׯ
û¶棬ͷİ䲻֪е˭ͷݶȻǶˡ
ΨϢΪͨˣ֪Ӧʹ˵ǵĻʵ۱Ҳڴء
ʢƿƼͷô˶עĿһûӣŸҪĿֻҪĽУ˲Ȼ
Ƶķ³䣬:ʲô˲õģͷұʥϣҲ˷ǽ
һָĹΪã
ʢ֪Ĺ͢ΪֵŬֻ˱زַУģʽ̫򵥣Ǹ˶ܰ쵽
ճܳĶΪβ
Ҳ֪˶ãŽͣ¡
ʢڳϵ˵ȣû˹Ź:ôˣ
شˣѾˡ
ʢٴͷȴֻׯǰ
ӵһׯĹĻʹһͨ
ׯضֿСطϲ̨棡
ʢ³¹Ÿ
ȥ֮ŷ֣Ǳ߼Ѿһʼ̸Цˣֲղһֱûˡ
ˣѾ֪ǵڼˣЩ̸ȴ⽫ںͷⵡʵڿɶ
ֲһ·ûҵء
ʢǰ
Ѿ˻ׯڸʹ⵾βģʹЩѾм仹Ҫ˿롣
ʹһö棬еֱֽʣʵʵؼԼǡ
ʢһˣ￪Сأ
λôȵȱʹδȫͽˣǺ˱ˣ
誼вмǰⲻǰŪ誵:ʹ롣˻ׯҲ¶棬޶Ϊ˯ˣΣ˼ţ
ʢ´ҪһֱЩ˻һֱȥˣ
͵ģ
調ũȻһźʢ:δ˽⿪ˮôģ˵Զûʵڣô⵾һԣҲ̸ֽǹʵָ̺ˣ
ʢĿࡣ
Ĺʵ˵ʲôԼµô
ôҵģ
ʢԼյ:˳͢٣ʹµأ
ųǰһӿͷų֣:ʥϾһ¹ءũΪµʲô˵˾ݱĹҪ󣿾ʹĹ֮ϣ
һͬʿ񶼲ˡ
ʢô룬䲻Ѫ
ʢԼϸһƣĹǸѾ˽ϡ
Խغһɫ:Ҽʱ˵ĻֻǽӲʣµز͡
ųͱ:ʣׯ̫ҽǹ˿
ʢȺĹķˡ
µأŲԸء
ʢԼԸشǸιˮҪµأҲһ£
ش沵:λӱûжٸءǴ˷Ϊ˿ƾѡˣǵҪĻǺµذɣĻ˵ò޵ɲ̸ֽ
ʢֱˡ
Ȼʲôö
ٷ䣬ȴԱߺȻ˶ȴǸι֪ʲôʱѾ˵أźʢߴﹾ˵һѡ
˵ʲô
߹ֱص:δ˵ˣҪѧ͵иѧӡʲôǹ׳԰׺ȣѧһառôıˣġǰʲô
ʢҧأ۾Ѿȼ˻硣
һ۸ǰɣ
ι˵ͨأתתǰֹС˵һ䡣
ʢкɻɣ
ųȴ:ˣɡ
ĿƳ˺ʢڳԵ׼
ƲǣŻʲôð취ʢҧһºӣһһ٣ء
ųվڸߴĿǺʢһвȴòͷģ
뵱ǳʹʱܵĵѼЦųǳڶ
ԭҲΪ塣
ǿĹֻ׸⡣ͬˣǴʤ̣Ҳսǿʢ
ñڣʢվվڰߡ
ĹѾˡ


82 ɱ 
ͿǵǮ
ʢڵѼƵ˰ա
Ȼһ޳, ǲȥ
Ҫ˶ѾˣʲôѧĻȥָҪôЦأ
ǴһʱҲһʱ, 뵱Ĺ, ϯԮȣǻ, ǺεȵĽЩĹʹ͸һǲǲϷŪ
м, ող⼸ͷĹΨһةųء
˻
ʢ󱳵ĺëˣô, ᲻Ϊⱨ
ˣԽԽܡ
ʢ֮͵͵ȥ, Ȼų˻ڶأĿ裬ɱ˶Է˫һ
˵ڶڼǳأôôСǼ
ʢһ, Ĺĵ, ҪĶ, ûʲôӦԶ԰취ʧʧˣͲһ˵, ʲôأ
Դ֮, ˶˻Ƕ, ûһǳĵġ
Ա߽˵ũֲ, ں:⹵ҪڵһЩܰˮųȥ, ǲеġ
˹, ѧͦģôЩ˾ͿأѲ˶ôͿ
ʢķ:֪ˣ࣡
ϣǸҲ͡
Ǻģ˼ѹ飬Ѵʲôʹ£Ҳû⡣
һнʢذʱŷ˺ôһɧ
Ŵһѣ߹һ֮ЬӸûۿֱһ㡣ûǣЩĹľһ˵
調ɲ˵ϣʢһܹ֮ԡʵϣʢ̫أ˭˵ʹ
ҡͷӻȲЩʿء˵λҲʫ飬ͷ鶼ͷ£ȴµظɻݲ¡
һΪ塣
ų֮䵽׷ʲô
ع֮ŵϲѯʣҲûʳȻֻ֪ةǰʹмƺһЩ¡
ӷεģֻ޲ðųץһʡ
˼
ͷʢķ֮æ·黹ʮֲ
ֻ˵֪֮⵾Ǹټ򵥲ĶˣֻҪ΢ũ£ɵҲ֪ôɺΪ˴ЩϢҽȥǮ˶֮󻹵թҴģƹ㣬ѧϰְͰ͵ǰʦڣΪʢԽԽֵ
ǻδŪǿƾٸôһ£ʢ޲ھߡ
޶żҲ̽Щ¶
شٰҲòˣ˳еʱ򣬺Ҳ˸š˵ΪİȫʵΪ˼ӡ
شǶԴ壬ȥĵط
ЩŸæҪźģѧϰƾȡʿ̡극֮ȥй䡱֮ûһǰķݵġ
Ҳʱˡ
µ˸˺شǺЩʱգҲδʲôֵģȺʲôطȥʲô˶һʣƺԶò顣
ѵӹȤէһоһгˣ
ɲô˵ɰѺشǵȥĵطЩˣ˵ʲôϸϸؼ¼
У誱ڿԪֱϢ
һ˼ҳļǵĶǺ޹ɿԵģƺشǼ˲ٰй䣬ϺȤģŻͣʼ䡣
課ļ˰ΣڿЩΡ
Щ˳̵Ĵ̫Щͬ˵ĻҲ࣬µĹҲв٣ƺǸעˣѾм
ԪֱʲôԾ:Ȼˣ˵ʲô
Ҳû֤ݣֱ:޲£˴ӦǽѧϰĻӹ̽ϢģĻǻڵ¶
ȻλشǺةһֱЦʾˣ調ɲ˶ɾ֮ġ˵ҪǲʹǰҲ֪ǵĳ㲻ôǴӦˡ
͵ǣβͷǻ͵͵˹ɴأ˳㻹һ⡣ģҪʲôõĺǻˣ뻢ıƤҪáҪģӦþǻڡ
Դһս֮ǻڱ伣ˡȻʶҲ˲٣λȵʵۡԭ϶ҲŻȤ
ڵĵľ̫󣬽ָ̫࣬ԼĻҲһݹȥǵģ֪鲻֮ܲҲƵطս£ûȹǡһ˻ڵķ±ضս
У:ջ֮
Ȼ:ҪǿѲ
ס
ǿǿ϶Ҫǿģǹһ϶:ȥ֮Ǻúһ³̣޴ôһʱҲûʲôͷԼȺú룬ˣ
ԪֱͷһβֱˣЩ:ʥϣеǹǿǰǿںҳŸոóȻ᲻̫ͻȻˣ
Ҳȵǿٷչ£޵ȵɵȵ𣿴֮գٷǿ׳ֻ㻹ûãǵѾٳˡ
ʱڷչãͬҲ֪ıϡϾΰ˵ֻڽ֮ϣֻڴڵ̷Χ֮ڡ
֮УûԱǿв
İ壬Ѿȷˡ
䱾ϸԲߣߵһͱ誸סˡ
ȷʵлҪʡųĹϵҪ׽࣬ϢҲ㡣
¶ҲñⶼѾʱ¶ȴĿúܣ˼ô˵ĸ˵һ
Ʃ磬ة౻ʵ۱Ÿ١
ԴǴ֮ųĹ㲻ٸ٣ǵˣԼϵĹٶˤˡ
ɼˡ
ţҲųһ߰ة࣬ԭҲǵȲѵʱ
ةֻ࣬ǸС٣΢Ҳ飬ֻһССĽ΢ǰʱҲֻǵֵˡʱ͸һɽƵģѹĹͷϣˡƱˣס
̫ˣĵ⻹أôţ¡
ȥ£뿮֮.ǵ໨ȥ
ʱ򲻴ǵķ׳԰׺ôãѪԲסǺóԺúȵд
ڷ뿮֮ϴ֮£ʹһȣͻ˱мۻ߳౶ļ۸񣬹һ໨ɡ
֮ǻԼ׬ˡ
ÿ϶òôģȻ˰Ĺɰûء
תߣǾ͸㡣
ôһ׬򣬱Ҫ
˶ˣΨʢûС
ÿ϶ֻؿۣȥ֮ôú໨ɵĹư衣
˵˵Ĺûʲô໨ӡڹư棬ʲôղؼֵ
ҪҲҪһһ޶ġ
Ҳ֪żȻôģʢڶվһҵһһ޶ġ
ϰͬ˵.ҳеĹ֮½һֻİ÷ƿ۸񹫵ۣͯλүԸ֣
ʢһ˵۸񹫵ĸ֣̲סһ۰Ͱ͵׷:۸񹫵ҪǮأ


83 ׬ 
ʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ƹĺһЦ:, ֻǧᡣ
ǧ᣿ôȥһǮͷһҲźʮģǧ, ͷ, ٴף
ʢ۸ˣԼǲƭӣ
ƹһż˵:ͷһ, ֵİٹᣬ⻭İ÷ƿ, ȻǱȲϵģأȻйļǮһ˵, ʹʥϽһֻ״ƿǿǱߵĹ, ү˵
ʢӣ:˵ô
İ÷ƿǸǿ
ʢƿ, ûŲ, ȻӲ:ǹҲǲ, վտ޼, ȻǶõġ
ôΪ
ʢѼӲ:Ȼˡ
ƹɫ, ؽƿӸ˻
ĵ, ʲôأʢѱˡ
ƹֻ˵һ:Ͷ, Ȼү, ⱦǲҪĺáۼ˶, ԻƿһʶⶫҲˣһ㲻ʶء
ƹתͰƿӷŵ߸֮ϣٶ˵һϻ׼Ϳ͡
һٲˮѺʢĿࡣ
üһ˵Ͳƹڸװģ
ΪԼƭء
ʢǲ뻨Ǯģ۸ʵ̫ˣȻ󣬵һóôôŶ۵ģոջһȾмǲթҪôôأճû೤ʱ䣬͸պÿƿӣô۵λãһ۾Ϳ³
ʢ򣬿˼ҲˣЩɺȻʧˣƹĶһųʢΪ顣
ʢǸ߸߼ıƿӣĿ͹ʵ޿ޣĶһҲ޿ɺǡȻǺԸϣϻǸ״ƿİ÷ƿǰȷѷһ
ǻةض꣬ʶ۲ıأôɱȥˡ
˸õģЩ΢һЩľ벻ˡ
ʢװںʵ:ⱦǲǴŪģ
ƹĿˬҲǹ:ȻǴӳ͢ͷŪģŵٰǣǼҵͷĻãûΪݶϣ
⻰ʢš
һ˵ˣ໨ɲٰͣͷӲǺܶ࣬⼸չȥ󣬶ȫˡ
ôһӣҪû˵Ļͱ̻ˡ
ƹֵ:Ķǻʵıİ÷ƿǻ˴ǮġҪԸһж˵᲻ûǮǻȥ𴦰ɣǼҵĶֻӴǮˡ
̬ô᣿ʢˣ֪ò
ǡڴʱͷһ˴ӣƹſڱ˵ƹģϻ˵ͷһĶأ
Ӵүˣ
ҿɲϢ͸ϹˡճǮѾˣ͵ıˡ¸ҸҪͣҾ͵ıҳųųˡ
˵˵ƹһЦүʱҺ÷ûȥڼأҸȡ
ʢѾİ÷ƿȡ£תͷҪݸǸүһȣѿڱ
ţƿҪˣ

ŷ뿮֮ɫؽǸù¶ֲ֧
һûۣ
ûУ͸˽ӡҪô˵Ĵ󳼶أǿǧأôǮ˵͸ˣ۾գһ¡
һ룬뿮֮ǾԲỨôǮֻΪһֻֻܹͺôƿӵġȻҲϲЩǶǱ͸ģҪֲˡ
ֻǺгһֻ֪࣬»
ʲôİ÷ƿʵ֮ǰóģžģÿָųһ¾в˾ĿⷿͷţֻʲôʱгˣȫȥüǮȷǹϾվտ޿ƥУȴһһĹ
ǧļǮһһ޶Ĺ϶ֵõģϡΪʵǿˡ
ѾžžžؿʼˣǱѾǧ໨ˣǱأ
ֻһǧס
δػϲЩ
ѰʵΪѣǴԹ󣬿϶ϲġͷĺˣһ󻹻ԴԴϵĶǮ𣿡
Ǯ֮һС·ʣµĴͷĹս࣬͸ˣֶһͺˡ
Լ֮ǰһȺ˲ũרţֻΪ˸ǿǵھϡ
뿮֮¶ð죬ֻҪǮλˣʲô⡣
һ仰ǮС
ؿǱҪǰǮġ
˶û˵ΪѾĬ˻ϲ໨ɣҲ϶ǵĶ
ʵҲˡ
ʹͷҲ
ʢȻ˴Ǯ֮Щڣ֪ȷǺöǧĵȷȷЩˣǰļֵԶֹǧˡ
һİ÷ƿһʹáǰӣûֱӸĹ⣬һĶûسǵʱǶһһ
װˡ
ƫƫߵ磬ѧ˵Ū˿ƾٵ̣ѾھôģʢٲԸĹһա
ط壬ûһ˳ĵģȥĺá
һߣȻȫĿ⣬ŵЩػ
˵Ĺǣ誸뿮֮ΪЦá
ߺҲ뿪ˣǺشǣٳٲĹ飬Ĺһ¡
Ҳ׳԰׺ȣǻҪġסķݵʱÿն´㣬ָǱ߶˲ٲҶĵ˵ϲ˺Ȳ裬ԳĹҶ
¹ǲϲⶩǩֻ͡Ҫ˸Ը⣬Ȼ֮á
ڲòʥϵӢˣⲦúרŸǮˡ
ҺõǶʹʱʥûҪ汻סˣ׬ǮĻ᣿
ʥϾʥϣԶ׿ʶ
ҶԭֻгţǱҲпΪҲǣǰĿ̫ˣûע⵽ôõĺ˲ǲĴЩС˼ڸǮ쳣ˬ죬ǩ֮ǮѾλˣѹȥߡ
˭أһգŶ誺ƨȼ֮ҲиƮƮȻˡ
ںʢһˣһ֮Ҳڵִǡ
ԼشĶʢЩη壬ʥϻ᲻ϲĶ
ɲô˵ҪȥģͷһͷҲһʢ˼İ÷ƿ˹
챣ӣһҪʥϽһЩʱҲᱻôݡ


84 Ϯ 
ֱþˡ
ʢ̤Ƶʱ, ͷò֡
ʶŮԵ󹬵ĻһһرQĻҪ㡣ȻڷةѾԬ󽫾, ˸ʲôҲ, Ǹ
Χʸǰ, λԹۣةǲ, ۹۱ǡǹģֻ۾Ϲˡ
ʢͷƤһ飬ȴֲòѹ, ʹŽ˴
ʣĹ˻ͦ, һֻƿӣֻһȻ
ʢգⲻǡ
ֻƿƺδʽƽʱϲϱ˵ĻСëûĹ
ʢ֮, һ˿ˬ, һŻһ䣺Ĺ໨, ǱԸճģûС΢֮Ĺ໨ɹ, ÷뻭, ֳİ÷ƿ
ʢ˵, еƿӷ۵λ, ת, ñϵ˶ܿľͼ
ɶ칤
ةҲ鲻ԽΧ, Ŀдžޡ
ةǸʵˣһۿȥֻ֪ƿ˭ʣ̾Ҽʶǳˡ
汾Ľζһ⻰ʱʹˡ
Ҫô˵ϲةأǲ˵ĵУϲ
ƳʵɫԴǵغǳ⣺ة⻰ʲô˼İ״Զɳ־Լ磿ţν໨Ҳ
ʸŵ˵Դ
ЩĻǷ׷ױ졣
ҪǷ񲻻϶ϸߣ˰ˣװưɡ
㼷˷ةֿ࣬ʼҺʢĲ磺Ǻôӣʹһˣ˼ø㣬Ĺֲǳ
£ʢҭܣ²죺΢˵
û뵽ʢͻȻʣ㷽š
һ˵ô΢͵Ļˣ˵ǹĹѹ˵ģʢҲˣƽͷһôա
ĹҲˣƾʲôҲҪ
֮ĹףΪʥ᲻ǮƾʲôùʢίҪǴ˷˼Ұ׳԰׺ȣʱ΢һ˭һʵô
˵֮ǰܲȶӣ
㱻ƿԡ
Χӣֻúݺݳ˿ڶصֲǲ֪λһԼɸȻҲȻΪеıģ㲻ǣҲš
ʼԽ˵Խ񻰣æǳ⣺ˣʲôģ鰮䣬˵˲裬Ǵ﾿ôģ
ʢЩתһ룬ȫûɣϾ⻨ĿɶǮԺʢһᣬſڱ΢ġ
ةʵǮֻ²Ͱɡ
ȻǼ۸ˣһء˵ǹȻйļ۸
Ȼʢ֮Щۣ۵ԼôʹذǮˣûּۻۣԼǮֻ໨ƿ
ȷʵǺñõ֮һԽԽ⡣
㻨ǧءʢеۣеԺ˵
˵ʲôʿʢ񶼲ˣ㻨ǧᣬΪôһֻƿӣʲôҲôҪۣӺͿ˲ɣ
ʢһһ㶵ġ
߬ȭͷסûˣֿϵЩԩͷʵ˵Ĺ˶ٶ
ͷԩͷ㿴ңҿ㣬ֻ̹ס
ĹĶ̫ˣ㣬ܹȥĹĶǲȱǮĹǱߵָ⣬ͰǸˣһס򼸺ǲܵˡ
ȻЩǱˣȴ׵ĸԸԼ׬ˡ
±ʣҲúڡ
ϾЩתȥĿɶء
֮ʹļףһȺͿôĹ˵ĵ׬Ǯ࣬ðͰ͸ȥǣµǻ֪ǽְѴ͵޿챻ǸˣУǼƵóѡ
ʢŵʣ׼ô
ȻҪֹ໨롣
ةѣʥ˼ԭǩģóȻԼǽӷڵϲȣʱ˸ο
߳ŭ˵ô죿
ةû취ĹȻıϣǴ¶ıͺñΣǾǽźʢ֣໨ɴһƯʤ̡һ涫ȻԽԽ֮͡
ǽֹ໨룬ֻĽŽֹ
Ҳ֢ͨᣬԽЩõĶ
⻰ɴˣʢ֪ܷ̬չĹǽٰڹѸٷչһ£˹ӣʥϣ΢ȲǱ˹ƻ󣬶ǽ޴ϸһٰٰѷȣ岼Ʒ۴αȣǷǵĶǻҪࡣ΢۲գٰ컯ȫΪ˷ǽ÷в֣ҹҳشﱡûһɳ죬ȫΪԡҲѧһ֮ڣٰܽǳױȥ
ٰǣǰ㷱
Ȼʢʼɷнµ
һ˴룺ˣٻеô
ʶԳĹι֮ȫûκε֮ġⶼĹǷģôˣ
ǶĹĶ͡
ʢϲѣ֪ʥǷ˻ǸæЩӵͨͨ˵һ飬ʥſġ
Ϊƨʢʹ˾ţ֮
ı̫ʵ汻Ϲˡ
Ҫǽةȥ׼һʥּԤŽ궬пƾ١
ةüͷЩǡ
ʢ˵ǰ򵥣Ҳ֪Լ˵ûԸ
˰ˣҿɡ
һж׵ͣʢһȳ󣬼պ˹ҲЩڽ̫һʱ죬ԼıƿӶ˻ϵĵĹ
ƵУߵ˶Ѿ߸ɾˡ
ʱʲŸԼһǰƵİ÷ƿ
һͣһ߻дʣ
治ǧĹҲ֪ôģ֪ĻҲˣϧϧ
Ȼ໨ɽ£һ̫죬ûʲô誺޲г
ûй˵⣬ֻһн˳ŴԼشǼвС
ûشǳٳδȥ
ʹˣȴٳٲ϶شǼһ˼ûڸʲôʱҲ
˼ͰһĹ͢Ҳ˲һ졣
ش֪ԭĹôӲӡ
ĻҪá
ֳûգشǲȥҲˣѡ˸ĵǣ֮ǰָĹ̸һ⣬ĹĲƥ
ôһԭǽ͵ĵĹãһնΪ֮һ䡣¹ǲźЩǮС
ܵ˵Ǳˣ
żλϲϲİͳٰǣתͷͽŽˡ
ϵˡ
·ܵǮɣ֪ܵԼܹ֧Ǯжٰɣ
ؾ׬˶٣


85 ׽棩 

Щٰĺ«ҤѾ, ֶһˣҹϹɸϳĶҲǲ
ǩĵҲ, ͷô̡໴ءΪ׬Ǯ, ڳȦһأѾҤϱ
Ҳǿ׬Ǯķ, ŻŻѪǰҶ׬Ǯ϶ҽȥˣȫ, Żȥ˻ЩǮ뿮֮־ԹȥǮػôһˣûΪ, ǹϵذǮ
ֻԶˮⲻ˽ʣӦǼ֡
Ϊ໨, ڶ۵ʱҲûһ״ֻһֻյ⺰ʮᣬ÷뿮֮Ļ˵, ǮûôɥĲ
ɳž, ȻֻǲеĶ, ôٸߵļ۶ν
Բ򰡣û˭㡣
, Ÿָ·׷, ˲Ӱ, Ҳдʣ
ļǮһ, һǧ໨, һһʮᡣǱû, ͷĶҲ٣ʢһ˾ͻǧٹᣬеµʹ͵͵߶һ߰ٶףǿǵĵӸյҪƱģǮ΢һᡣǵؼһһˣһܹʮᡣ
ʣһʾ޿ľ޿
еһƴ軹Ҫ׬ĸһЩϾߵĲҶֻô࣬Ļƽ۵ĲҶЩ󲢲̫ߡ
Ǯ˾Щ󵨵Ļ룺ŸտʼѾ׬е׬أ໨˵ڣضԴԴϵ໨ֻƣζҲֻ˵㣬ʱɮ࣬Ǳۣˣ
׬Ǯв˾ˡֻٰܸʲôҪв˾鼰ÿһء
ʱԿ˭Ʋ
ôĺΣˣһ⣬϶С
ô֪ģ
˵ǡֱ;˾ͽĸԣǾԲĿ׬Ǯġ
֮Ǳ߾˶࣬Īͷϣˮһղ˵ñ˵Ĺ໨ɵҪǸ֮׬ôǮΪǷĹ飬ֵǮľˣ⼸飬ֵͦģһξûĺˡҪ໨Ļв˾üӰѾ
ʥϷĺˣزʧġ
Ѿˣ׬ǮͶȥʱǮǮв˾Ҫ˶þܱȻˡ
ֻҪǹ⾰оսֹ
Ǽġ
ףһʱ뵽Ҫ£š桱ĳ´ˣȻһЦ۾һתͿʼ
´ˣм˸˵Ĺʿʵ̫٣޴ٻһֻҲ֪͢ʲô°껹Ҫٰƾ٣ġҲǮ͢ٸЩµľĿ֧ʵ׽ˡ誷ʾ
һֲԤС
Ȼһ͵أһµļ򣺡룬Ŀ֧в˾Ǳܲܰŷֵһ㣿иһ壬ؼʱǵûﻥ໥ǣ
ŸоԼһ˶վסˣʿˮһ㡭ǣǶ٣
Цƽ׽ˣУҲ֪͢ӹüѡ
ԣһоڲˣų°ܶ
Ÿо˶ˣ˭֪͢ҪپҪ100ĻҪ100˵ĳԺЩɶһι찡оҪԶżֱ롣
³ıŸ̹˾û¡
ĴҵҪв˾ȫصأҪֱ飬Ҫ뿮֮˺ݺݲڽŵءͷȫûˡͷݣιһ꣬һɪǽ塣
һ˵ã
誼ɥ֪˲ٴˣ˸ɵˣֻǰһƼѣҪ߶šǱߵֽ֮󣬱㲻ؽˡ
Ųţ׷ʣּʱܽ
ֻ䷢ˣ˿ˣǱһ죬Ҫ˶ñܷչֻһĹ򣬱ʵʳˡ
ģĪڲ΢
Ȼ޴Ӳ˵ѣ
źɵؿһۣһ˼ãǳΣǿĻȥˡ
С١һû˵ǣһȻһ죬ǿĵϾޣҪĻҪʳܵ˵ǽϵ͵ģҪһ֣Ҳһʱܰɵġ
ܵøڰţ˵ֻǸӣҲʹ
誻һҩЩ޻һʥּЩʿǶ֪˭Ϊķǳ˳°飬Ȼ岻ѡ
һ룬ҪЩάĻƱػλȵࡣ
ģǮĿ϶ֵġ誱֤
û˱ѡֻʥ˵üǡ
ֻܰοԼֻҪһľѣܰ˦շˡ
Ըʱ˦õɣҾʥһΡ
ߺ鲻ѵǽˣôһж˵
ŵϲŲǰ˯þ˰ɣ
Ȼضг´ˣ׬Ǯ˿ǲأҲ벻
ŵϲȴ룬ֻ³´Ҳ벻ʥϡ
ʥˣԶĲ˵˵顣ʥϷһʥּǿѹв˾ǸǮʼȴѭѭգʣʥȥĶң
պĹض˸ʾ
ڳ͢ϲһЩĸʾϰյĺġظʾһв˶Χڸǰָָ㣬ò֡
ֻΧҲûãϾϲ֣ȵʲôʱи˹Ƕһһ÷ʲô¡
ԭǳ͢Ҫ
ʵжԿԸ
˶ԵȤ⵱ʵôõģ
ҲȻͷ˵ֻҪԸֵأͷս£㵱˱ҲɱУƽҲֵذˣֵ˭أʥּϻд˻ԾиŴ˰٣ÿ»»Ǯã˵࣬ھӪͷͻ˼Ӷôһ׬
ҪңҾֱëԼˡ
⻰˵ģôȥ
˽סȥٸ
⼸Ϸ˶ˡ
ĵĴ඼˼ҳģҪôǼͷûеأҪôǸ˰µ۵㣬Ǿͳֵؼϼ˰һ£㹻Ըˡ
һʱʣȻʥּ϶д˽ûʲôս£ΪλҪ˲ξ
뿮֮˽ȥϢʱóҵ˵һЩ˵Ǹйء˶ոݹڻʹȻʲôûֻһֱֻǡ˲Ǯķ׳԰׺ôã֪ܵİѧǵĿƾٸǸûǵһ¡˵ű޷Ǿʥʵ޿̣žøЩɫơޣȺ̫Ҫˡ
Ⱥ֪ܣ
ô䲻𣬾͸ðǺݺݵشſ£
յõҲҡôһ˵ĺⶼ䵽Ⱥ֪ܹصʹ档
ô۸ĹǺóԺúȣͱ
ˣ˵סˣסȦǶ䡣
ڶ
л˵
ʢޣҲùһT_T


86 ƻ׽棩 
Ҫһֱ֧
̶̼յĹ, 誱Ÿرξİմӣ⼸ռ߰ľ
ᡣ
Ĺ£Ҳûж٣ô⵱ķԽԽˡʵԼǮ, ׬Ǯû, ת۾Ѿˡ
˭ף
ȻҲĹľǿʢǰǲǮճüչҷ˼״
үӴڳ˽֮, 鶼ˣҲ֮ǰʶˡ
ǰǷʵ, ֵǹ
˵ʵһʱûӵ˵滰أڷ
ǻĳ˿, Ψ誵ʱ˵һһ, ŽԼѹ֮ģظ̾ͷãһ𣬰Ƕ, ξˡ
Цһ
ʣЦʲô
ֻ, ôûʥּдŴߣЩ, ǻ֧ţжԸξϰܵҪ, Ϊ͢ҵǣ
һеĳ㶼Ӧʳǡ
űʶҪӢ䡢㵽, תһ, 㵽ĿɶǮ, ʱûƨ˼ˡ
˵, ˵ʥֵǮˡ

課˼Ҫ, ֮ǰѾд飬Ҳһһ飬žҪ֡
ͷԭʮʿ˲ٰĵսʮ򣬼һʮʮ򶼱ɢ˷䵽˸ؽһս£ᵽһ
誸һϼƣʮľȻǵʿһҲûһ࣬Ҳ֪ҪУ̫ˣҲ𡣳֮⣬誻㽫Щʿȷǲһ
ĹĽӵ㣬ҲĹҪľݵ㣬һʧأһźˮ£˳ųֱ룬ֱٰǡ
ǵǾԲɢġ
Щһֱĥ£ĥĥȥ汻ĥһ¶˽Уͬ
˶ʮľοǣ
һȸԱԣȸʮʮȻҲ֪Щ͵ˡЩòǷģǵСǣͷѰֲģȻҲᵥټ
׷ʣǾټ֮أ
ȻǸǰһ˵һȻͣ¡ʶֻʥĲǡǰһʥϲʲô׷ƾ£Ҫͬһһǰһֻͷ˼ɻˡ
Ҳʵ˼ô죿
誾أһҲһͷ˵顣ЩʿͷضֲġͷԴϻ۵ģβǵѵһͨ·ʱֻ֧ϮԷҪȡԷҪܡһġô󶯸ɸ񣬶

Ȼȷ˵Щܲɺ㽡ڴ顣Ҫˣʡ¶
ƺѣ΢Եһԡ
誵ͷͬ⡰ѡ˵ǡʵĲֲӣ̳һֻɽºֲܵӣ˵ϼѡ
Լѵѵ֪ˡ
Żģ޾ͷˣͽ㣬һع࣬ʮ˾СʮܵѵһҪģʱȥţҪǽеļܶѧᡣ
ˣʥ϶ν²Ӹ⿴ء
ʥ˼룬һҪ׵Ưʥ֪Ǳ͡
мȴģȼʮʿľѿ֧
һٸĺˣв˾ǮԲǵġ
仰ſ˼ȥѵ±
調˺ڣͷð˱ȥв˾һ
誳ԼϾв˾ѾӦҪǮˣȴôǮۿû취ҪǮĵطʵ̫ˣæЩ͵Ҫ˰ġ
֪Żæ誻عȥ˴ߡ
˰˱⣬ɥ·һ̾ͻếһ
˱سûˡٲߣ˵Ҫϳ´ʧ̬ˣ黹ٿһΪá
˵֮αͬ˳һ£⵱ʵۻǱȵΪ󳼻Ҫѧʾ֭ɻʵ۱ֻҪƤˡ
ֻҪõĺãһⶼ⡣
˭óźأ߶Ͱɣæٸ¼һ档
Ĺѡ˳ѵʿһжǲнСĹ󣬶۷İѿȷʵͷġ֮߸߶һţǲ¶ȥϢٻᱻ˵֪
Ҫ˵ĵģҲУǱĹĴˡ
Щ̻ͨϻؾǮΪ̡ʥּ涼ѾŵˣҪ໨ɵȽȨʱв˾໨ɲ࣬ɵȺΧĸء̡Ҳõ˲ٻҸȣõĶҪࡣ
ĹҲһ飬໨¶ǰλһϼƾ£콫ͷܹõϵ໨ȫ۵һ飬ˮ·
˳ݺһơ
Ϸ뿮֮ŵĸĹڸƷϾû˭
ܿ죬һ໨ɡȳ˭֪໨ǴĹģףҲۼ͢Ĳٴ˶ղ࣬նڸǰ͡
Ϸŵ˲٣Ǹӹŵģţװţ֮໨ǱһˡΪϣ˺̧۸¶
Ĺǿֿýζ
Ⲩô˵Ƕ׬ˣһ໨󣬿϶ҲἫܻӭ
ٰǵʱֵϢ˵һ»ǡ˱ΪѰ໨ɣ˭֪õһеĻ˶ɵˡ
⣬Щǰʱ˴ܾá˵仨߼ȥĹİ÷ƿô
ûȷʵǹ
ôͷôֵǮˣģһһĵвأô
Ȳ˵ӿʲôģ˵໨ɵ׷߳ŭͷЩ  жţһʱû˳Ŀ֮³һλ̸໨ɵĴ󳼡
֮쳣ΣǸȫ֣֮ƫƫԱ߻û˸Ҹ顣
ʥϲϲ໨ɣѾ˾֪ˡ±ɡ⻰֮ȴ˵
ȻϲϲȻֵ໨¶..ȻʥϲϲôǾͲʥǰˣ˽»
ǲ򣬴ûУ㲻ô
˵ǻ˵ЩСϢ˵ʹҲһ໨ƿأɼҲ˵˵ˡ
˰죬һöûУ㱻ð˵һȾʧȥǣһگȥձǽ
ҲЦ
˾ͽ֪ںδˣʹиͿľĻʵۣҲҪꡣ
ҲĹΪ˲ǽ˶ٹֺķ˶ǮƣΪʲô鶼ô򵥣
˾ͽˣһʱ־ôһʵʵڲӵЩˣĶ
˾ͽһûи˼ҪǿƾٿѧҪչҵǵܡ
˾ͽϱߵĵͼĿԭѲ
õأô
һߣѾѡʮˣһ²ӣ誹Ŀء


87  
ռǵ¶
誵֪, ͷ׼ȥ̳һ֧é®ľӡ
ĺãһ·˵˵ЦЦ, ֮ΪԵá, ʮ˱ض誶Դ˴λҲһЩڴ
ԼĹڵ˳ľӪ
ӪҲ, ֻǲϤ, ˼֮ڵС̳
һ¶棬һϤĸоӭ
̳ʱ誾˲, 侲ȥˣ, һ͵ĲܵӾءҵļɽ£һ١
Щ誸оС
̳, һȺͶǺܴʿڲ, û, ΧУһȦһȦܡ
ԭȳﻹЩ֣ΧŽ̳ʲôôһʱ, Щ˵Ա, ǴǰȭҲûʵϡʥϹӢ, Ķϸ
ĵ, Щʰ۰ˡ
ûԽ֮ǰ, ôҲǿ˼Ӿ, Ҳ֪ԲԣҲûб⣬ԾͰĲԼı
ڳɹϲˡ
ͣɣ޺
ʹ˸ɫûãȦʿǾͱסˣĲߵ誸ǰ
ƳһµĲһ
߽֮Ǹ
ˣıҲָ񣬿һۿ۶ܴ
ָͷǸˣʥϣСӽºͷãѾӳ
Ľݼʥϡºǰһ
ϸһۣһһЦģǸлûһأųǷ뿮֮Ǻշ¡׼ϵȣԸ㲻Ļû誸ϡһ£ˣΪδӾ
ʥϣ˽ʿҵΪϻһ˾Ӫ
֪Ҳѵõĸؽˡ
ºٸĵؽܻˣЩ꾰һЩѰԾɹļѡ³ͷأֻԼǰ̡
üһʵ
䶼ˣ˾ͲЩ˵ƩΪЧҪҵŲξģܺùһҵΪɡ
¶ӳǸʵˣȴԷƣϲĴʵ
ٰʲôģ͢޲ٰ֪֮ʲôģȴܲʡ
ȻܣõǮʵ̫٣ܶʱҪһһ죬˭ҲһڳԳɸӡ
ֻʱģԽԽáһаļƻĻͻвͬĵ
º죬жλپĹԽ
˵óϿңºҲԸŶԷĻ
ֻżܿһĻ
課ú˱ˣÿ˶䡣ʮˣ൫Ҳ٣誾ÿ˶סϾʮҪģΣգҪ¶
Ѫôأ
ѾŬˣҲûܰʮȫסǵ־ˣļҲͼס˵֡
һ˵ҽģžҽȲĹˣҽ䣬ֲѣǾࣻһϳԭǾӪĻ򣬼еûʲôǰ;Ƹȥƴһƴû뵽ѡˣһ֣óʲôʱ˵ԼʲôᣬҲ仰ӡ̣ס֣
ʵǲŵģҲ֣ôţôУ
ÿ˶ʹ֮課ᵽ˽յ⡣ð˰õƳһһݸÿˡϻһֻȸ誵ȸǱ㻽ȸǵĴڿΪĹ
Цŵɱ̧̫ǣҲ±ҲֻʮˣﻹܸĹʲôأ
ȴֻʮˣȴֵܵǧ
䣬ĵȸƣͷһ
ԭʥϼȻ˿𣿲ԸǴǱԺԭԼʲôģЩ˲ԼϵĵӸˡ
Ǹ֮¡
誽ʵȤҲûߣվڽͷβ
ºֺγ֪ԶڿأҪ֣ʥ϶ԼĿԲʱҪøʥϿǵͣ
誼ȸͷ˶˾񣬴Ϊ⣺˾ˣг
˰誣˵ĺʥԼһ
Ľһ䣬ǺָǼʩѹѵѾ㲻ˣոͽɣ˾ô
㶣˵ǲǲ̫ãǻָˣʥ˵ǣôˡ
˵꣬Ըˣʱ
⻹Ǹ
˰̣Ȼо顢顢´ʥϵƨˡſھһֱ¡
誻Ŭִķȸǧ֮ĸݣշд飬׼յдȥʸ誡
һѾ˲ٵĻĵˣůͣҲ䣬һ굽ͷʳ˵ʳ͵ӶǣʵȻȻһ죬ʳĲҲ̫ˡ
ϵϵˮȣ֮
շ֪誶ֵڴӲųٳٲ±ʡ
»ʧ
ǡڴʱͷһλС٣շ¸ǰõĺ
ϲ˽մһĪչ֪ʲôˡ
Ǻ첽ǰʣ˿ĵӲ£
ⲻ֪ô
Ȼʲôסҿɲǰʵġ
շͣ±ʣʲôֱ˵ˡ
ٺһЦصضշµĶߵǰЩӽȥֵ£ȴţǰ֮һֵӣռǵζֶ࣬Ϊãضս֣
л˵
ϰ죬ղزǷĶҪˡݩn


88 ֣׽棩 
߲ͺռǵ
շºɵػռǵĴδ
طʺ
ţշµس
ڨЦһ, æĿڣԭǸë֮أҲ֮Žģܵ˵̫, ͷʲôϢҲѴĽ, û˵Ҳ
շתűӣȻϸ˵˵ռǵ
Ҫ˵⵾ӴһѾЩʱˣֻǴĶϱ, ǵطҪأ⵾Ǻö, Ҳ޴ӵ֪¹ҲżȻţ˵ռǵ̴ӰһЯǱиҽռǹ, һĵӡأʱ˳һЩֻ, ǵĵؽˣû뵽ǵͻסˡ
طôշ˼
Ųӣתһ, ٩٩̸˵⵾ӿǸ, ݪ졢ͺϸ, ǱֵĶĵӣµ, ڰ, ȱ
⣡
շ»Ȼ, ҽշȥˡ
Щŵ, , βŵȥ
²˳١շ˾
ɥ
շȴ, ѾͷԸˡһһҲüչһϾͿԲˣǴѸ٣ɳʱһνռǵǷ紫˵һϲ
շ˵߾ߣ˽һ׼ǰȥȪݵȵЩֻ
ͷɫѾˣгࡣǼҴҲżˣ֪ˣ͸ģҲ˯þ
շн·ʱ򼸺ûôͣһ˵ִȪʱѾֱˣΨշ£ɫ԰ףȴ쳣úá
Ѱ˵صһյĵһ˵ҵͷֵĶռǵճɣշ±Ȳ·ˡ
ǻү֪ǳ͢Ĵ٣ֺǺǵȥԼͷ
շһµأʱһ
ҵүѽ˴Ҳûʵ飬Ȼˣûһ⵾붼ѹˡ
үŵٰͬǽ˵ƬزĵӶ࣬ǰҲµҲʣûбҸˡԴռǵĵȷϵﻹҪˡռǵڲͬطɽҲ֡ˮǰûô꣬ȱˮҲɳúúõģʱ仹أû೤ʱոˡ
շ׷ʣǵ׿ڸΣ
ү˶٣ʵˣ⵾ӿڸЩ֣˰ζȴѳԡռǵײͬŴףйڸӲϺͦϲԵġ
շʵѾ˻ش
ɿĵף϶ûĿڸĺáĹ˵ȷϲʳŴ׾ףѰӶû취֤ôôأ
صҪܹ
֡
ǻүû˵Ϊǲ⣬˵⵾µ֮󣬰֮ڱո⻹ģõȥϷ˵ǰ֮ػаʮʮտӣϧûܴ
շͷ΢ʮգ±ջһˣ
תƬĿ˸ǻƳγһƬ·ѾԤʾһʥڴ֣Ӧռǵϡ
ۼǾԲϻʺĹĵӡ
ûʺĹ
ˮºˮܿģһʲô֣һˮضҪȻռǵȴǺˮƶ񤣬Ӳֵճɵʱ仹̣һƹ㿪Ǿһ죬ճɵĻǵӡ
ڽ֮УҲһпΪһ죬ǵˡ
²˳٣շֱӴӻү֡
⻹öʥǰЩӲǮ˵··ҷһţҪġ
ǻүҲǸˬˣֶ˵ֵǮһô࣬˻ءշ´ֲ㣬Ҫ˽͹ȥ
շ¼ˬֽͬ˲ļɣү˽֪޲ԣ޲
̸
ϽԼǸûиĳʷү˵ǣ˰뱾飬ëʶˡ
Ȫתһ֮շض顣
ִ֮︣ռǵҲһˡ
շҹдһ飬ڶһ˽Щַȥʿǵͷ
ǱҲһЩδֶ١
շǶռǵҲǵ;˵ðȻڰƹ㣬ھԲס
誽ӵշµ飬Ѿǰ֮ˡ
һ㶼ûţÿն·һҲճ̡
·調϶Ҫõˮġ
ֻ¸ûĶ߿ΪƷʯҽǽŴʣµˮڼɰʯҽУש֮࣬ʮι̡
ķ鷳˵ҲȽϹ誻ˮࡣ
εֻǵôµĲϣǵþԼǵãŪ
誾ⶫӦͦ׵ģûʱ䣬ҪʱĻŪˡ˼誽˵¶ʱЩģһˮൽʲô֮課ŵ
Ȱ˵İ취԰ɣҲѡٰϾ͵·ˣҲµ£Ƕѵ˼ͷҪ֮ڸס𣿡
ҸӶһۣ֮ڣһǰѹûĶô
ҸӸŭԡ
ΪӵҲû֯ѹҶײ誣־ᣬʱ϶ÿ
ǲǾֻܱȽܡ
زֳ֮˿ȥһ˳ľӪ
ЩֻҪһÿձ̳̳ʮȸһʼֹܼˮе·ҲΨԼ֪ˡ
誹ʱЩʿȭʮ˰̻ˣ⻹꣬ЩȸҪѧĶɶˡõʦѧϰ
ֻۣû۵ûţ·ȭȭ⣬Ķ⡣
ЩֵȷݣһȭһȭĹĻͱòʡˡЩ˲ףɼˮƽ޼
һ仰һ
ҪҲһȭŵһͺˡ
֪ԼܣǸºѹĿγ̰һ
ѧĻ
˵¶ҲóȴһҪװȥ¶ģǲͨԣñ
䱾ǹģȴ誸˵ˣȥ֮ʹӳ͢СסھӪͷÿոºǶ롢ࡢԣʷ
ºȱڵÿ಻ԡ
һߣĹбϢûס
誸ͷţȴ룬ǱһЩ˿ӣϢ˹ȥ
˾ͽ֪֮ȻòĹƽϣЩʹ죬ִʿӪÿջϼǿʿ
Χܿ챻˲ʹЩֶβŽ˴ԭбǸĹѧġ
ɣ޳ܣ
бȻ֪һǵķͷǡУҲҪб׳ʦ


89 ٣׽棩 
ʩЧǲԵġ
ǹķة˵ʥҪб, ʱסˡ
ʧݵȵأϻһҲԪˡҪ˵бķݶϣҲʵ㲻ϡԬ󽫾, ԬҾҲȷ볯͢, ǷةԬԼԬҾƷŵùģս£ԬҾӲܡ
ةĵؽȰ˵Ϊ֮סġϰɺ, ճֻʮ֮߰ˣǱ͵ʳ۸, бǮڰաչͷ
ʷʣ̣޲Ѿǽ𣿡
Ҫ˵飺ʱȷʵˣҲȴǰ࣬Ϊڹ, ⡣ǽֵ۶ѻһƬòɨ, ű˴ѣ뵣¡ҽֵһ࣬ҲͶˣѰµåҲԿơ΢, ĹǿŲǽ, ٰܰǽɫ, ǱضͶ˴һҪµĲϼӹʥ, 漰, һҪǮ
ƫƫͲЩ, ةһһǮ, ײ, ַʤȻ, ˲ˣֲûֻ֣ȥš
Ǯأ
ûǮôţةΡ
ѹûиǮĴ㣺Сõų͢ǮþǿѲӲͳˣһ쵽ֻų͢Ǯƣ͢ǮڸõĵطĹڱôô˺󣿡ʾûǮ
βţ١
ة˵Ͷˣûá
ЩĻ䣬ֻǷǲ֡ةҲһǻѪ־ة֮ŷ֣Щι֮ʩչΪû˻֧ö֮ةˡ
ҲһΪôһˣ֮󷴶ⲻˡ
ة֮ʻ˱Թһ÷ةù£ܵĲܵĶҪһţΪԼأ
˵ףƬ¶£ҪôҲ˵㣬Щʲô£
ǸִģȻҪһʥּȥʮҪʮ򣬾Ͳţʿࣿ
²ʵսʤҲҪսʤǣ
ʮҪɵģĸطбе˻Ҳ˵ʥּöٹٸͺԴöټͥвʱȵ˵ʮʿĳԺһӦ㹻һˡ
ֵ調ܻ᲻֪
˵ˣϸشһǰ誶ʵԲг̶µ֪Ҫô˵ĹĻʵǶϻ˸أҪǻһλĹˡ
ҲҴҵܹôġ
Ȼǣʱ֮ĺţҪǵȲûô
鲻ͬʲôñȽϵġ
調ھӵЦպյշ´ӸǶĹš
誶˶ŷ⣬һĿʮеؿꡣ
ŵϲվԵؿǼʥſǷչŶԽԽ죬ɫ󣬷·ʮﲹҩһ
̫ˣҵˣ첻ˣ誵ȷˬŸյϻ»ȥãֻŵʱԾȡ
Ҫʲôʲô߸㽨ãǱշ±Ѿҵռǵ誼ǵãռǵγ˿ڷչĹؼڡ
ûʳ֧ţݵ˿ڴأ
ıȵˣүǰߵġ
·ϻѵӣշӦöѾռǵ˰ɣ
һճӦò١ֽһϲɺء
誼ְ֮շ¸һ٣հ治ǳж޵ұۣ
ŵϲƲţ⻰ö䶼ˡ飬һ´ˣ˶ܾʥֱ׵ؿǣÿλΪ仰ʱŵϲжΡ
λ̫úˣʥϸо
ͬһ仰ʥϲ֪Զ˵͵ܴ¶֮誶˼˼ؿ⡣
û˶ãҸֺȻڵ
յ͹ˣˮһ»ûɡѾ·ˣЩϸϸáҲǵһεЩһ֪ҪʲôҲı׼¸ѡ
ҲΪ˸ģ˳ա
һ˵ǵڶûѶʱˣϾӦټ򵥲𣬲ҲС
Ҹӱ誵ĿѹֱֲʼǲĴ
ûɣ¾;ͦģɨһƽֺ飬üܵĹ飿
ͷ­
תһߣСˣ
ںֻûطȥˡ
ﶼܣƤ΢һЩԻпո׼ͣʥżˮҲЩѡҪʯҪգǸһľĸ򲻵ý̿СٰǸҲûʲôúɿɵú֮٣΢ӶȻ߾ȫҲɸΪ֮ѽ
誺˺ߣǡ
⸸һߣԼĲУ˸ͷİ
һ仰Ҳû˵˰֣ʾǿԳˡ
Ҹ磬ȴҲҶʣ뿪֮Զ¡
ڵöˣ˷вòʲô·ɣ
Ʃ㱻ְ
ãͲ˵㼪Ļ𣿡
ʾܣĲʥϵ·
ãɶʱΣ͢Ҳóġ
Уȴò취ֵ⡣Ҫ˵úĻһطС
ʾ͸׼дһš
żĹȥ˵Ҳкü죬ֻǱڵúٰҪõúĵطȥˣԸ׼ע⵽
ú̿ȷһţõǱߵĻŲС
ͶȸѵС
ǰʱǼѧϰԣɹˡ
ǵָƣһָǱˣһ߸誽ЩȸôѾͦ롢ࡢĹٻˣҪԼ˵ȴЩѶȣϾѧʱ䲢ʮͷ˵ãһºһλԳ֪֣
ºѧ課̫ȣϾʣֱǸȫܡһֱΪֻ˵󻰵֣˵ôã츳ˡ
誹û׼سء
ҪѧѧĿ죬ԺҪѧĿɾͲǹٻˣҲ֪
ֹ֣ˮɻϳȴһĽؿԷ
Ҳ뱻ʥϿ䣬ƽƽ棬ʵûʲô֮
ϳȿһһ֮Ȼ誸ǰúñֱ֣һ˵֡
ƻĺúõģһҲڰļƻߣ˭֪;ʣ͢ȻҪٰ٣
ϳѸʶԣһٿʼʥϵĿϾͻᱻȥ
ʱ˭ǵѽ
ɣ취ҪʥϵĿ⣡


90 ټ 
ּһˡ
ֻϳ, ȸһ¸ۺ첻ѡ˭֪ʥعǵĽϳֹΪʥϿؾӣΪǶһ޶ȸ
, ϵʹȴޱش, Ըء
ɵȵٹѡϵǸ״ԪضǸһ޶
⡢ٶضʮ֮ڣ״Ԫȴһ, ǸҪϡ档ʥ״Ԫǲǵˡ
ڴ, ºЩǷ˷ƵķѵЩҹ͵͵ܲ٣һ˺ü, Ϊ˦ˣ͵͵, һ֦㡣
ֻһˣֽסڱˣ⵽Ǵ
һ˱һ, ٵ, ʮһ, ȫҹȥѵ
ţʥ֪ŬĻ, ᱶο, ʱѲӵġ
û, ˡ˵֮, ƿڴ
Щǲӻ, , ôû£ҹ˯ܳȥ⻹Ǹ
¶ϡ˵
Ҳֹ֣һȻЩͷ̽˵ǲǸǵѹ̫ˣ
ڻԼ·Ƕʩ˲ѹȸĴ֧·չģͷʮ쿴ҲϤˣܽгÿ˵֡
Ϊ̫࣬㲻Ծּѹ̫е㻵ˡ
˺һŵͷˡһɾҲ֪ڱʲô
϶ѹ̫ûŽ¡誶ָܡ
ϱҲġ
޵ĴЩڡ
ЩȻֵµıҲģ֮ǰѧѧǸõʵ̫ˡ
⣺ó͢Щæ٣Ƿ˼٣ǺúϢϢֻǵѵ޻㱨һ±ˣҲʱȥţսսϹ롣
º˵лʥǵĸ
ɶģиҲᱻƵݶϣϧǺһ
ȺһϢǻ˵ޡ
ȥ֮ûǣȻͷʱٽʥϵĴгָǸжԸӡ
ºǵûижֻǵ֮֡ʥ϶˳һ˳㵽ϳ߿һ
ٴһֱôͲһأ
ϳѵˣ˴ǰͷ󺹵˵ʥϽôûһ
Ķ֪ҲƲ˺һΪʧ
ϳֵǻġ
ûиʥǡ
ϳòܡǰֳĶ鲻ܲʥġ
Ϊʲô᲻أѲٶûʼʥϵ˼Ѿ
㷲
ȵǵ֪Լռ٣ˡ
Ǹòǳʧ˰ɣ
Ҳգշ׼Ҳһǰһյ誵š
շ߳ţյһǮ誺ܿռǵǮ÷뿮ּ֮һЩæ͹˵ٲĻдŸ취
ֻȼ䣬շҲ֮͢ѡ
Աȴǰ͢ȻǮˡͬʱǵĻҲԽԽˣ֧СĿȲ˵·һ͵ûѲ١ƹֿ϶ҪǮģշȴҲԸڹϸ͢ҡ
ҲҪˣ͢
ռǵĵѾȥˣáҪôƹ㣬ôʡǮͼ֮
շ³ãú֪ͨصĳ٣˿֡
ƹ֣⿿һ֮϶ǲеġ
˻ǱߣǡҲǼλ֪ݡʮλ֪һá
˻ٰǵʱ򣬾;誽Ҫеһ£СֻҪ誾Ҫģһǰ顣˻ҵʶݲߣȴҲʱڵ֪µĺôԵ֮˹أݵ֪֪ظ±¡
ͷ۳㣬ݸĲԶһһһҲ輸չ򡣹˻Ҳ»ΪǵĸԲŶһᡣ
лµ¿ƽʿˣҲһĹء
£ͷ˴Ϣ˵ǻʹͷзùˡ
л¸˵˶쳤˲ӣеҪǷš
λ֪ݰ˼⡣ţ˴żҲͰˣ⼸ëСҲ
˻һĿʮп꣬ȿдҸǷģһС¶ɲãҪæ취ʱ̲סЦЦ
⻰Ҳʥϻ˵ÿҲʥ˵⻰
лµ˸żˣͷʵ˴ˣʥϵдʲôأ
׼ȻὫЩǣֻ˵ʥ֮ǰñٶĶ·ĿдŹҲΪ˿һ¡
ˣлµȻǰŰɡҪֻ˿˴ôܻᷢЦأ
ʥϿ϶˵˱ġ
ϧھʱֻ˹ϵ׽һЩλ˴ȴûнӴҲ`ϸˡ
ӹ׼ϴ뿪֮󣬼ӾС֪ǿʼ˾ǵӡǻ֪Ѿ뿪ôˡǿԣҲдŸʥϣֻûʲôʵʡ
Ҳֻкú¶˳ɼ֮󣬲ʥдšǲ֪ʥھǻ᲻̫ǣȻֿ֪Բߣһأ
誻һأֻһء飬ÿҪǵʵ̫ˣ˲
ֶൽһ
˵Ҳɡ
źѲأȻһȺڴˡΪ׵Ǹ⣬һͲǺǵģк
ֻһ㣬˾Ҫˡ
ӣ£֪֪ӵ
ϡ䣬ʩߵĽ
誻ðɣ컯վ͸ףˣȥǸͽٰúһ󣡡
䣬ǰ˵Ļס
Ǽ뷴ûأ˾ͱˣŤȥ
߽
ǸѾһϢˣ誹ʱһ
ڵģִһ¡һԷ˶طһ¶
ԼĪʮҵꡣ
˫ĿգݹᾣѾˣһһ飬ֻнûг
ģҲ֪ȲȵĻ
誶֮ģǺּ˸˻ȥ
üͷֱǳĲҶȰºȴѯʡ
Ǽֲˣ㲻֪ʥϸȻʶϲ·߼ˣҶֻļһһ׼˵ؼ񵽵ҲǸز¶ġ
ֱһ׼
ͷۣһǱϸأ
ϸ
ǰ·߲֪ϸˣôأû׼˼Ҿǹϵġ
⡭һ𣬹һ˵Ҳ޵ôһѣһðһ亹
Ҹӵ˵̫ã䶼Դˣϸ·߼˵ϰȷʵ̫á
ʱӦóʲô£ʥҲǿһϢķݶϲŰ̫ҽҽտܱȵϵġ֮ұʥϽųȥ·ˣȷʵʺϴڹġ
ա
䱾ôһ˵ȫûԣ͸ͳȥģѲɻһֱסڹ˹ء
һɣɣʥϹȻзִġ
ԸؼǸ֪ôҪƤڹ
һգ誼ˡ


91  
Сܡ
ȥƣ誻ͷź
Ȼû˵, ܹܵƺ̫ϲˡҲ˵ʹˣϾСʻ괬
Ȼȷʵƽƽûбɱ, ˭֪Ժᷢʲôأ
ûоܾ
Ųһ, ȥһŵˡ
誹ȥ˺һСԺ
һȥͿͷŮضҩһ֪ýǸ˵Ϊӡ
ôˣѯʡ
˲, ȵʥϣλϺҩ, ˺һˡ
誺ɵ䣬ֻƴһɡ
ĬĬشϵ´һۡšؼ˵ˮƽҲǳӡ˵ģҲ׬ˡȻһģ, ǲѿڵüۡ
誶ٴտأ߹ȥ, ˳ŴĵʵϿʲôʣ
ȵң˺ƶ
ԭĽڰգ˵Ŀô
Ҳ, ʣˣ
ˡƺǲղ, æ͡
ڣˣҲ, ֻĿƺҲǺܵص
Ǹȥ, ǰǰȥ˲ٵطľҲ, Ҳ˵ǱߵĻ, ֻ˵ҲǺ䡣
˵, æ俪⻰
, ȷʵǿ⻰, ˵ЩţǴʱ䲻ûѧ͸
調ģ֪⺢Ӧû˵ѡŹ֣һҩ˹ݸԷҲţֻǼٰߣŶ䡣ҩ˰ɣĵ̫飬ǰ̫ҽķץҩ˶кô
Ů˵ЩѾ˵˺öˣһôûУĲȣĻͦǿģҩ¶
Ůû꣬ͼղŻβǸѲҩھȫˡ
һβʣ
üһŮˣȸҩô²ˣ
˲ԣԲŲҩģ
ȴ֣֪ԼԱûӦǳڡ
ֺġ
ʼǰ˻ʲô֣ҿͲôһˣ
ǰЩ䣺û֣һҵ˽Ұ˵
Ǹʲô֣調Цã⺢ÿɲ󣬽̭
ͬһΪȥˣĶֵ֡ҳԵöְ࣬˱ˣڶҳԵöٰ࣬ǵһ̵үүԭһС֪ſҡ
񣬴ʣȻأ
ƺĵ£иʹֻࣺǺþ¹󡣸﷢Щõ£λүΪ͵˶ҹҪҵһ죬Ҹմͷӳŵ˽Ͼͳײ˼λӡ
һӣЩҲ䲻ЩСˣԼͷЩƣ޷ˡôһĹ㹻ٰ֪ǸҼҵ׷׳졣Ȼ͹ȥģкùӳԣ
Щ그Щһһ㡣
ЩѾĪġ
ЩͷôĿ࣬񱻾ȣɲԸȥˡ֪Ǹæܴġ
ﺬЦŶж󣿡
ܳԱˮˮף̧ܵ
»صԱ̧֮һҿֻ˵ôһ䣬ȴڲ¡
ǻʹȻİкøУֶһк棬û֮ǰǲסڻʹͷ
Ű˵˰Ļһ֮ǰֱ˸ᣬЩãܾ˭ںҲ˵˼仰֮⾫ƽ
ߺֹ뿪£ðˡ
ʲôҲû˵
뿪֮ȴ÷뿮֮Ϣ
УΨз뿮֮Ϣ·ࡣһʱ䣬뿮֮ˡ
˵ĻҲ٣֮ǰǳһҾӪƥĶүΪϴһЩңԱѰıԼⰢǱģһǲʿ˵Ⱒȷ󣬵ǳԵҲ࣬˼ҸˡүֻҸģʳһЩҲ޷㻨˸߼С˼Ⱒ͵Ǯơүˣһٹͷ׼ǰ˳ˣʱƫƫһȺ졣պֻ汻ˡ
Ħ°ͣȷˣ
ȷǲݵϰպҲٰ⣬Ѱʻһ˵ǶԵϣǸ
Щˣ˶ί
ñˡ
誸뿮֮ģͲж󣿡
ǸˣҪôҲôңǶԼʣš
޿δأ˲¶Լһ򶼺š
գ뿮֮Ȼžž졣
ĿɿڴضŴԺͷǿڴˮףǿװˮĴˮװȻҲܾ˵ĸ첲ʲôģ
뿮֮Ǽ˹һ
Աߵĺһȣֻ֮ǰŰ˵ġ
Сؽˮ׷¡
ԱˣԲ뵽ԼųԵһٷ촽㡣
ûòΪ֪ǰĹĻʵۡ
ʥϣܡ𣿡Сʵ
⺢֪ǻˣ
ͦһҪǲܵģ誵֮͢һ٣ͣ޲ҲˡĹٲʳֻ¡
ȷбµĻ͢϶ǲһ˲ŵġûб£ҲֻͷѰƣ˰æܹǶġ
Բ۾۾ۣɴ֮ԵøԲˡ뵽Լпܻ£㼤ѡ
ֵǲμٵĻֵøģԼȡ
һ£֣µص֮ǰһؤͦã֣գ־ͽָ
ָȵȣǸָ
ǰһǵָ֣׼ϳһδһԱսϴս޲ʤ
ǱҲûдָʲôֻ˵ԭˣԵʻ¶
Ĵ󽫾ôˣ誸оԼҪ콵Ĵڶˣôأ
»С
̬˼ֺ֣ã㰲һʱֲָμٰɣ޵һˡ
ָ˫ֱȭصʮ㣺ǣ
ܸоʥ˵֮󣬱˲һˡѲָȡرãƺҲðбֺõ˲Ҳûʥ϶˭мӡ
ɲô˵ָȴ˿ø
һͷº˵սľطյļڣص誣ȴе֪ʥЩӸյһ쳣ء˴عҽΣԲ˸˻μ١
Ϊ֪Ķˣʥ϶ѾǺüˣ
˵߲⻹ûأˡ
ĵ
л˵
ȸʧˣġ


92  
Ⱥԡ
·ͷ, װú̿ĻѲˮ·ٰʻȥ
Щú̿һģж·طˡ˵һ죬͢ѡ, ѾƲˡ
ĩ, ݱԣʱĹԺνΪضȫʿǰӡ, ΪƾٿԵĹԣÿһԱ߶˶šҲ⽻, ϣƾٻס
ƾٵĿѡˣѡһȺ
ĩͨԵĿǱ, ǰٰӦԡ
ٰǿɲֻǣһϵĳ˶, Ҫȥٰǲμٵġ˸һ˵һȥͬһҲûʲô˵
¾һ, ˻ݡյ˴, һ˳Ļ, ձִٰܵˡҲطֳɣƾٵһ, μٵԳһ, һǶͬ, ǱסǸֵļСү
Ⱥ˼ʱ, ΪҲһͬμӿƿ, ˭֪ʹ֮ŵ֪, ˾ȻΪٶ
ܲ𾪣
λСӼĿɿڴЦ飬ɰȺ˸Ǻ·ģһҲϳ˭ˣͬ˽ͣ
֪ҵСӣϰһա˵иһֱĹٵģλСӲ⣬Ҫ佫·ӡλ֪ڼ˿һࡣǱس˵ôġ
Ҳô֪ɼǱ軵ˡ
ԱҲӦʲôϾ˼е֪ĸ׳壬ŽԿ׳ģ̬ܲ
۵֪ҵСδεͷ͡
һΣɰԱźͯŵò᣺˵Բ࣬ǵùڼҴŲ𣿡
㶮ʲôɷ־ڽ߬ȭͷҪ̸ۣ˵ȴָŻ
ͯˣҪͣʱҸһЩ÷ӣ˵Ƕʮֹã˾Ͳˡ
ôã
˶ô˵ġ
еĶ漴ɴܾҲŲˣǸδҿɶˡ
ͯΣҾ˵δ𣿡
⡭һ£ʵǸоģŸĿڣаɣϰʱǵöװһ㡣
ͯЦãȴҲֻӦ¡ǼСүƢӽĺôôʮꡢӲسһ꣬ү˲òͷ
ˡ
ΪǼүͯòȥϷ˰֮װһδӣȥͷͷ˲÷ʲôʲô
ȶû֮󣬼ȲŽ졣
ζһѹʱˬоԼڻˣࡣ
;챡עҪȥͷҪһҵˣȻδδҲˣϷ˰ҪǱ֪ˣԺôˣ
ɥſϣѯʣ֮ǰٵϢɴˣûʲôģ
ͯУû
Щɣ־ڱصãȻұҪ״Ԫ
۳սΪǼСԸҵó͢٣ҪһʥǰֲС
ٰڣ͢ҲæͷתһƿҲͰˣһľǸжˡ
˶ææãǾܡ
еŶˣųǣͷͳЭָ£ææ˵㣬æɣԲûгʲôӡ
Уиة˳ġλةȻ֮ǰջһЩǿû˵òС¶˱治СҲֻųĴɵة࣬ܰ͢ʹ
Ϊ϶誻⿪˿ⷿ˼ųϲĹŻ˹ȥȨЩӵˡ
뿮֪֮֮ĽòУ˵ʥϻûҵʹ͹ء
ҪҪԼҪˣʥϻܲ
ǶûҲҪ뿮֮ԭ
ųһۣûӦʵǸС⼸տɰ֣
ֵͦģϻмֱڣѾٰѡˡ
ؿԿĿв٣䡢䡢ƽ䡢ǹءˤһ䡣ٿƿȿƾٿԸһЩӦ˲ֻҪףû鷸֮ҲȷȷʵʵĹգ㶼Բμ١
ҲΪˣ˲űҪöࡣңԵĿĿô࣬ûһѹùָСȻһϲ֮ͨȴѸ֣һƥٰвμӸԵ
˵ǳ͢ǲҪٵһԱսˣ
ǰɣҿʥϻͦϲġ˺ĻܻǾЩජ㣬Сʻ괬
뿮֮ȴС֣ŰҪ˵ǸǼˣʥ֮ǰܵĶţǰ˱˲ˣñ˺ˣⴧҲ֮е¡
ô
϶ǡʥҲǣôһһ
誻֪Լ˵Сˡ
ʱ緢֪˻Ƕ˲ú֮̿󣬾Լÿ춼ŽҪʲô
¶ҲһһϦ뵽ģͷԱʱ誱óŵʱˡҲǶȻĺͷȻλʱ;ȥͷ΢˽ã»δ̫ƽ͢Ҳûô򣬵Ҳ誳ŷŷ硣
ȥĻǱ̳ò̽ȸ
ֻ߸ܹȥ׼ȸǷԼʿʱ򣬵ȴͬʮĵĿ⡣
誣
ʲô
ŵûû˵
ºȻع񣬱Ͼʥϣƽ׽ˣҲűԹǹй񣬵ڼϰ誼һǵĳɼ
ʱ課ǣȸڲĸأÿ˶î˾ѵɹҲͼӰ
յļܣ±һ֧ӼҪࡣ
һĿתȿºһͣ
ãȻյȸ·ţҹơ
Цٺ֪ҲܸܵǵԹˡʱȴæԵ飬ȷʵû˵ߣĴ
˵ʱ˵Ļˡ
ȸʮͱˡʵҲʲô̰ĵˣʵֻҪǾˡ֪̳ÿϰֿҲ࣬˸ϿεʦǣҲˡû֧ţʵںѼֵȥ
ÿе֧Ŷ誡
Ϣʱ誱Ա߸˵
ʱעıָ¿˵Ҳָ
ºһʼƽͣ調ָտָ̬һӾͲˡ
誻ûزһ䣺ϧûܿҪȻǿ϶˵һȥġָȻͲ󣬵ȴǱȻǻδܴӮأ
룬ȸЦǴӮǸëͷСӣôܣ
˭أ
誻߶߶û׼ص״Ԫͷء
ȸǻ࿴һۣ˱˴˵Ĳ˶״ԪͷǻĲˬ졣
Ȼ⣬ѹܲμӱԣº⣬ǲܲμӣ˴ǲμѽ


93 飨׽棩 
ȸһ
ӱ֮, 誵һֱʮֲȻȥʱ·ָ͸ˡ
ԶͿָǶȲ, Щӻʳ΢һЩ, ѾԲЩɲ֪ΪΣǶƷʱ誾ȻϿһڲͬȡ
˵˵, ߵĽžǲһ, Ҳô˹˹ĵġ
ƿͷ̽ԶͿźȲˣúô
, ָϲ죬վ, ͼ誶ҡҡͷ
ָ⣬ǳ΢΢ס
Ϊ課³ֱһÿ, ָԱ, ضϰߺһϰٸһ̹, յ衣
ϣԵȡ
ϰߺ, ָʣôпճ
һ㱧ԹǸЩӾ͵óŷŷ, ڹʵ̫, ٴȥ˶ôɵˡةܵ, Ҳҳ, ÿس, ȥ͵ùüĿӡ
û취˭ųأһͷľĹġǵųı޲סڹ⡣
ةҲǵİΣ
ɲǣÿسʦڵġ
ָһƣûƼʲôˣҲ֪⸽϶ŵġ
ʵ۳ߵ˵Ҳʮʮ
˵䣬ˮѾˡ
ָһۣ誴˷̫࣬һǰ˱һŵϲҲѾϰ誵ӣ֪ͷڹͷ̫Ҫյ裬û誷ԸѾһˡ
һС˲Ͷˡ
ָɫع۲꣬誴˵׽١λʥϣǸƢء
ȴע⵽ϰϲʱָһ䣺Ҫ𣿡
ָѲյݹȥЩɡ
ЦŵϲȲ裿
ָûзԭûȹ裬һϾ᲻÷ˡ
˱ߺˣǿɲأĹĲǿǳģҲвٻ׹ݶء
ˣԱһҲ˵
˵ĻƺӦԵľˡɽɣƾ˵ĹԱģ˵˵ţֱЦ
˵ЩҲڰƾ٣ֻǵĿƾٲϹˣѹûж˲μӣ˼ûǮͣ˼ҲƲϡ
ǲʲôѧûƤûٰǰѷǽˣǶתͷҲѿ⸮ķǽˡЦͿЦѧֻѧ˸Ƥëȥ԰ڣ񿪷⸮Ѿҳһˡֱֵ࣬ûۿ⸮ͷһƬԹص
ãȺѧ˾øһ㱨Ӧѧǵٰǣ𣿡
ǵٰǣССһ㣬Զһ޶
һ㣬ÿһٰǵĹ˶Ϊ
ĹմǰûôԺ֪ʱǱ㶼ΪٰǲõĵطĹֱ˦ü֣һ仰Ь䡣
ԱýζҪȳ͢ǰ˶ʹƨˬˡд󳼵ƨһֶŵģͷЩ˼Ȼô˵ˣ˵ʲô˵ĹʵȷʵӢ䣡˵¹Ĵ֮ԽԽˡ
ȻЩ
ָһܣƺͷһʶġȻȵĻںͷ誼һиС֪κȻʼ֣óһǶ
ǿǺöѰ˼ҲԲϡ
һֱӰСΪЦüؿ誡
Сֻ˻ΣԹԵģسָΣ
庢ӵĹ򻹲ɣ
ָĬˣΪ誸ˣˬޣ
Ķÿһնƽ׽ôָʾɡ
誸ָһ磬˸֮󣬱ʹعˡ
ӲҪͽλδĹܹо̵Ľʵ̫١һֻһ˿֧ţһĳ˶бˣʣµҲʲôõĹеҪλţܹʤ̣ͳĽš
ûиָѵ󡣲в˶ô룬ҲΪʲôǶָһֻ۱һֻˡ
̫͢ȱ佫ˡ
ҲҪѡҲ֪ЩΣδ֪٣ǰһõģȻҪץסˡ
йٵ׼ɵؽţΪ͢أٻǰͷ
һ߹עߵĿƾ٣һ߻ҪߴٹϽˮŪãÿҲûʲôС
˵Ҳָ¶̫࣬誸á
һææǰգܹ˵ȸѾѵòˡ
֮󣬶˵ͷ飬ǰȥȸ
һ¹ȥȸѾһʼĲӦǰǶ̹Ȼˡ
䵱Щ˵ʱ򣬾ǴͷģԴģģѧʶԨģÿһ˲٣еֱӵ˲ٱļܵ㣬ƩҽտƩվտϳƩӹǵˮŶͨһ֣
ͷõҪºһǸȫţʮ˰ͨʺϵͷ죬ȸһֱš
עѪ̫ˣÿһͬʱҲĥǵĹԡͷһóһһĴڡ
̨µȸݴɱٳ֡Ԯ誱վڸ̨Ϲ
ģѵ޲ڣʥǶıôûôõĵµѵʽɲǣӪҲʺϡѰûᣬҪӺúõѵһѵǡЩ±ǣδϹսȻͷȥû㾭飬Ķ򶼲֪
㿴Ű죬ܹ鲻Ҫ̫ˡ
ġ
ʱ̨¾ͼˣºһСӵкϮһٶʤ
ã
誺ĵظ¸̨
ʮȸѸվţʱѵѾγ˹ԡվʱҲʱֱͦ˼
ԽԽ⣬һʱ𵱳Щȸѧݡ˵ݣʵҲûôŻױαһòˡ
Ȼûô񣬵ҲȷʵãԱ˼ﻹһٹգٱҪʼˣ˴شţҲĺòѡ佫Ǳ̽ӡǣǲǰȥԣʮ˸춯һʱ޻㱨
һ񣬾Եסⳡٰ̫¡أʵҲͷвףԲԼǰȥš
ºһʮǰȥͬǱ𣿡
ζţҲظЩһϸ£
調Ǵ㣬ЦЦʮˣǰ̽黹Ųԣɱ¶ʵݣעĿñˢöڣýѣҲñ˼ס׹ݵ
һ仰ĬĬŵС͸ˣҪһ·ӿʼ쵽
ҪǱ˴Ǳ֪ǵʵʵǾʧܣǻûѵ¡
ºԣ˲ûƴһƴ.
ʲôȥܸ˱ȻˣѵҪؿǸָţʥۣ
Ŷ
ôԸ⣿
ºæӵԸԸ⣬ȻԸ⣡
ҪǲԸ⣬û׼ѵǡ
ȸڲһ£ڶգѡ˲μ١誶Լʵ۵ȨĬĬؽ⼸˰֮С
ֹգڿʼˡ


94  
ƽƽȸ
ٰڰȻֵĵطȷʵв, ͷ˭أοǴӹûй֡
͢ؿҪѡ״Ԫأϡ
οƾٿĿĿ࣬¿ɷΪⳡաڳ۱, ⳡ, ٰǶŴ䳡ǴԹƽͷգֻҪ, 㶼ܹۿ
䳡Ǹõط˴ƽϵ, ܽߣվĶܿ·һһ˲˿ֵ˼һ, 䳡ΧΧһȦˣܶΧˮйͨ
ٰ֪³, ؾʿǰˡ
ΪʵۣȻҲУõλãǶ, еһࡣ
Ǽͷȴ, ʱáԵĿĿ, Ҳû취ػضԹ࿼ֻͷβճʱһ
ܶȥ, ǲȥֻ߶߶, û¸ɡܳ, Ѿˡ
ڱȵǴȭŹ, 䳡Ϲʮ̨, ԡͼѰȸӰ, ˰ûҵһ
Ҫ˵ǲǲܵģȺ֮ǰﻵˣòһչʾĻᣬˣ
ˣĶأ
誳գգ۾
߽
뿮֮ˣƤЦⲻЦغһڽǱŲ뼷ʲôġ
誶СʣôһûƼǶĶ
ұ̨Ǹѵĵˣ
˳ſȥϸһŴü֮пһӰӡ
ԭǸЩҽܵˣǿ鿴ˣǴӾ֮ҲʱģǳϵζĻһʱӣ䲻˵誻Ϊǲ֪Ķޱ߷ĺء
ֻһɨ˲ֹսӮɣѴ֮
ɵˣصô𣿡
ҡҡͷôأǹնһ·ѡģʱȻЩŵӪУ˵ҲһĩȵĽɱˣΪǣίʵ̫ǿˡ
ͣžءѡʦĹһʦܴӮˣҲˡ
ʣͷ˭΢һЩ
ҪϳˣԭǸȱ΢һЩȸͷȴ㿿ֽŹҲûһ
һֽŹûһϳûʶ㿪ʼһȭһɨȣֱӽԡ
ֻС
ӱе£ڵϳٳδ£̧ȥˡ
Ҳûʲô£Ҳûеôۣ¡
ôС첲СȵˣȻУôˣ
ˣ
ϳ˱̧ȥؿ˿ʥϵķ򣬷ֶԷûзԼһǵʥ˵Ĳɱ̫עĿ
ϳΪûעԼ̨ϸһȥͱ˹ס˼
ϳһʶ߬ȭ
ԷҲˣɿˣЦеصǲμٵģαôأοҲûж⡣ʶһôռʿ֪Сγƺ
ϳֻᣬһʹ첲ģҪǿúÿû׼һȭͷкȥˡ
ԼܽѣϳʵǶԲסҶԽѲȤһ£һˡ
˵ոϽ뿪
ûסʧ
ѵһôθڵģȻһӶٰǣԻ̨¿ţɿ˲ز¶ˡ
ؼЩҪʵжʵ⿴Կǻı¡ҪǣǣҪڽʥϵעǲܵġ
ʶһ֮󣬼ʧˡ
ǱָвӮ˵֣һζȸս˸֪
ʵ֤һǶôȷѡֱĿٷչչ
ϸϸؿһ۳УŵЩˣȴûзһȸӰӡʱпνжôҲ˵һǸı̬˴磬ϱױ֮ľˡ
誾ҲҪѧһѧгһ׽ȥû׼ܱءٽ֮ºúý̽
ˣºأ
û³ܱء
ҲȣӡУºһֱôһˡ
˵Żأ̲סһߡ
̧ͷöϷ뿮֮Ŀ⡣
ӣ˵רĿųС
Լĳ̫СҲʲô¡ڳæýŲմأûչԣҪȻһһһ㶢ţձˡ
ֿһֵһϳ
ָС
һҲ˲ˣֻһһؿδĴ󽫾
󽫾Ȼûʧ֮ھƷ˱ˣûжֶӣȭͷɨʱ򣬸ôԶܸܵ
һ̲֮סƣ̫ˣֱ
ָȭֱ׵Ŀޣɵһ죬΢΢Ϲæȥˡ
ȻӮҲܸˣĿĸоʵڲܣָֻˡ
誻δʲôʱ൱Ķ־ͺˡ
һϵų
調ȥ
ָͷӮһȴΪͷȫָʹļ⣺֪˼ҵӣٰܾٽ֮֪ıԣ׵ʦ̵С
誶һǸüˡ
Χ·룬йֻҴ
ͷǮʦǮָıԼѧʶų˵֮誱ѧҲð죬Ѱ˼ҵĺҲϵѧлŲ¸˼̫ࡣ
ָ誱ûж£ϾǰʣµʵںѳԽҲڿȥЩˡǻмȸûϳ̲סˡ
ȳһ׼عʱѾԼĸ첲Ѿ㲻Լˣ۵ǹǦһ룬ǱһҲôࡣ
ߺ䳡Ҳûʲôˡ
ʥ϶ˣζŽıԵ˽Ȼ컹Уʥϻ᲻ǿɾδˡ
ȸڰ۽顣
ϳͷһϳʱ򣬱ʥ϶ٻῴһۣ˭֪ȫ̶ûϳңͷ˸ˡ
ʲôҵķͷı˸ˣôˣʥϾֻϲָ˴ôѹ⡣
ºԽ˵Խ񻰣æֹϣٸʥϵָȫһȥչ£
˻һղŻڽͨͨ졣ЦֵطǿɲԸٻ¯ˡı磬˯ñʵ̫ˡ
ԹҲϱԹ䣬Ҫ˵ָҲûôƤ˵˼ҲûʲôûΪЩС¶Ĵ⻰Ҳ˵ºǽɿʲôˣ
ºɫ΢һЩ


95 ̽ӣһ 
ıԡ
ʱ, ϵ԰
ڸ칫̫ˣһطͷ¶þͺںûк, 課ȥĶ, û˴š
֮Ѿ˺һˣһ, һ߻ӱġʵⲻҪ飬Щĥ, ּÿࡣ
誶Լ鷨һ߳һ˵һ¡
ºֻһձ㶢Щɹ, ⼫ˣ˵ʱʮ㣺ȸǲŵϢ, ˵Ǵ˴αԵһмһԽ֮߷ɸ봫ͨϢº˽ס˸ӣͷ˵ٵһ, ӦǱɹ̽ˡ
ĸ
һӲһ, , ǵصĺأǱˡ
, ûа㲨·ݱô, ЩϾҲġֻμ, дһ, ȴûıʲôܶ, ʲôûУ
в, ڲ顣
˾Ǿȶ죬г֮ᣬҲһ򾡡ӰŪȥɡͷôôֻҪԩ˺˾˵㡣
˵ԩǲԩģĿŵذıưϵˣϿ˵Ƿˡ
仹Ī̾ٸԻвģƾٵʱûô¡
һãѱ̽ӸŪ͢٣ǰʯͷԼĽţ
˼Ǿٰò׵
䲻˵ˣǸ˼ˣȥͷвôȸͱѵĺ𣿼ֱǸɱˡ
誺飬һ£૵ѵΪ˰ӣҲˣ
һ䣬Ტۣ
βܣ޿һġĹȱĲʿȱָսĽȷսǳмأǺ֮ǣ̾ᱱػҪΪ˳Զ㣬Ϊٿܳ©ͽһĲֵ
˵誡ȻٻЩ޳ɣȴѡĬ
ʵ誶һ˵ʱҲڷ˼˵ΪĹ룬˵ں¡ԭ棬ĹˡȻԽ֮һھѾòӣԺ˭˵׼أ
Ǹ˾ͽ죬ʲôĳ佫ԶˡгһշչΪԭ绽꣬ܣʱ£Ĺʲô˼ҴȻлڣ˶ǰͷǰӮ
Ϊ֮ƣҲ;ĹǿԼ·
Ҳ֪ʲô
뻹ίÿ춼ΪԼĹǧǧİղġ
ٻڼյĹѾ̵òˡ˭б£˭¹Ƿ򣬱ԼҲȫˡ
ڼ䣬ȸǸ˵Ѿ˵ĲˣǵʱһμȲǰϣ˳ػ˹ȥûκע⵽ǡ
Ψϳù񱻼ǸСӸˡ
ˣ˵ʱǸǫǫӣǧ򲻸ãó졣һ˵ʲô£ʲô﹫ӣȫΪСÿֻҪϳһ̨ⶼ׷ʶҪ˵˵ĹƵڶû˸ŵһ
ϳŪˣҹСôôûƤûû˵ôи֪ôϲ˼ƨ
ϳԼαװˣ˽ֲҪҪȸͷˣ
ϳ֮޿̣
еĻţȥұд裡
ˮƽ̫ˣҿǡ˹գգ۾¶һ˴֪ģ㲻˵Ҳ֪֮ǰǹİɡǻˣ˶һʤΪȴķˮ
ϳҧԼһûסſһȭ
ǣʲô֪ôôܣôͲأ
ϳﰵޣȴ˵Ҳ֪˵ʲô˼
ûˣ͸¶кηָòͼııʲô
øㆪ£ϳ˵ȥæߡ
ˣһ겻ɢ

ϳĬĬı񹷸˰ɣˣʮȸͷֻҪ¯졣
Ȼġ
ⶨվԭأϳĿ
ֲμɣǳƶϣ죬òǱ̽Ӱɣ
ԽԽÿܣƤЦӣϳ
·ǵҪ˵ĺβ
գϳױճˡ
ôһɱڣϳ治ҶٺŪ£ÿÿӭս¶ĻǾԲŹġ
ģ˴βμٵҲвٶĿ࿴ˡ
Ȼ˳ûʲôӡһƽƽְնӣʵ񻹲ߣ˽͵͵ȥϳǶҪֽС
ϳԶԡ
ΪˣºǿϳĿһһͬˡ
ģһ϶Ҫ¯ġ
ϳᣬǵ˭Ҫ⵽ıӦ
֣ϳļ򣺡֪ɣһĻ˲㣬ǲ˯ᱻѡôŲ
ǲǻллϳ
·Ƶģһջɷнµϳּ֪סηֵãûУֵΣ
ϳ
ˣ
ϳ¶Ҳ˵һϸشһ⡣
·߼񵽵ָļȻóϲйؼ¶ҲжţἰʱΨּһ䣺ãСҲǸ֮ˣֻϳԹҪ̽
뵽ϳǸù課Цˣϳˣ
ֻ˵Ǻܺá
һｵһ
°ͣĥһ¶ָ֪˭ʤһ
ϲܼ𣿡
Ҳǣ롣
ٰôãҪ˶ñܽˡ
ָһġʤԸ䣬һ֡ÿݲˣǹʱǹǹΣһǹֱɱö⧲֪˶˵۾
ָԣԴΣռ˷ͷ
Ҫ˵ñһˣҲ֪ûϣֱٿһ
һϳϳˡ
ָȻ³
ˣˣҪټӮȥĻº˵Լ͸ʵ˳ȸˡ
ֻȥʱ⿴ɫˣͷһʶһĿһ˿ӡ
ˣʲô˼ϳˣбȥӮһ
һϮ£ִǹֻһЦôſµİɡ


96 ֣ 
ʧˡ
֣ϳǰ˻, ϳһѴʲô
һֱɵһ㡣
̨ϣֻ˶˳Ѿı, ñȵĶѾ, ֻʣ״Ԫ֮ΪԹԷһȭ, һȱһ䡣
֣Ϥ, Ͼ˳ϳǰεĺѲӡ̡
˵ܲӮ֣ʡ
˵
ϳĿ⸴ӣͦϲ߶߶ط, ϳҲ֪˲ʲô, Ҳûʲô˼ֻǼΪ볣˲ͬԸⶢ¡Ƿ˵㣬ȴҲûʲôĻ, ȷЩص, ϳҲ˵һӮ
ܰԴ̵ȥС, սʱУָ, ǡǡǸӵĶ֡
˵ж, ϳġָ, ϳǷ, ʵ, ҲӮ
̨, һֳǹӢˬһؽȲ
̨Ѿ˲ͷˡ
ûãԾͿʼˡ
˴̨µ棬һֱôųѾĿϾˣӢ۳ꡣ
ѵ÷ֳһע˵˱ɣٰúáǲٵĻôõǰװ׻ķˣϧ
ںˣϾͻᶼˣãã
룬ԺµЩǶģͶ˹
誻䣬еı͵ײһ𣬼Ҫˡ
誴ΪܣֶҪˣã
뿮֮ʥ϶δɵС˵ǣҪ˵Ʋǰɣ뿮֮Ҳûе˵Ļ±˸С壬ɾһǹһġ
Ǵֱɣһġ
Ǳ˻ѷ֡
ָǰؽֻܻӵǹȻǿڱǸؽӲӲЩ
ҲܿЩһ㡣Ҳã֮ǰһֱòơ̽ӡϳһֱûôעָͷֵġѾʶϳʧܲΪΪ֮Ĵ򲻹ָ
ʹʮɵȴԽԽʵڲУһܡ
϶ϸϸܵĺ顣
ָ߿˼һۣʧˡ
ΪλֻǸء
߬ǹɫܳȴǳڶָĲϲΪˡ
ָʾãţ˱ȭͷؾֱ̨֮
˾ˣֲ䲻ֻǣ΢һ㲻ˬˣԲΪ䲻𣬾ԣ
ȥ֮ϳʱɫΪáȻ뵽Լղ˵Ǿ󻰡
ƫƫϳҵ˷ĻᣬЦʣôͷߵ˭˵ԼһӮģ
ΣֱӺ쵽˶
ŭĿӣϳ˺һҪ˵ʲôȴ޻˵޿κεطȻ볡
ϳֹʲôƢ
֣ĦƣٺһЦƾԸ񣬿϶ǲģһرԵǿӮ϶ӮġһȵȭŹСָָһܶ
ϳü
֣ƵصλСӣ״ԪǱඡ»ˣ϶ġ
ϳҪĻʵҲͦġ
ڶԲڽգΪϢãⶣıҪһ棬Ϊ룬һҲգ֣ܿþһЩֻðտĹжǲʶĹǿһָһ⣬調ֱơǿôȻҲĹҲһ
򱳣һ˵жҪԲضᡣ
ΪѸٻָ誻䣬˴ǡ
һգԼعʱиС̫ǽǣ֪ʲô
פ˺һȥһûð˱˵ǱǽΪʧһڹһ鳣ҰèҰûС̫ڲ
껹˱ȤٰʳǵѰʱúˡʹʱ˽²֪ЦǶ٣»ɲȡЦİѱˡ
ʲôЦģĹ񻹱Ȳء
Ҳϣˣϣȡٰ֮ǱԸʺϵǰɣ
һ²δ誹ע⣬Ҳһʣʹ֮׵Ժˣֻܰĵ˭״ԪͷΡ
ǷԸϢʵ˭Ҳû˯
ֱӴϰ֮䣬һ͸Ƶһֱϰ䣬ȥǹıˣҪ䣬ôҪôǸҪô׸Ƿ
ûеֿܡ
ҲǺӮָ
ļܶԶľ붼׼ȷаģϵʱҲ˿Ӱ˿ĿϾӡ
ָԹ
ָٴζԼͷ⣺ˮƽ֮ߣĳʵ
ˣȴڳһޱʲôҲһˡˣҲˣͲá
ָҲգֻԺлᣬֲߴͽ̡
ʲôԺǻһ𣿡ⲻ⡣
ҪʣȴָѾûٸ˵Ļᣬֱˡ
ʲôֻ˵һûͷûԵĻ
ӮӮȴ˿øˡӮΪָ书һϲͨǶԷĳȴԼѧ书ѹ˱һͷʤ֮䣬ʲôýģ
ҪģһȭӮ
Ŀǰʵ̫ˡ
ȥ֮ϰĸڷܡ֪ԼָвСĲڣʱţҲûʲôôɼʵ벻ʲôõķˡ
Ͽ˰εϳʮԼɣ
˾£ʲô˵ģѲԼ
ϳ
ſſ˼ⷸӣȴȻ֣˻ȥ
֣ɫҴңһȥһ߽
˵ᳯ͢׼ٳʥϺϳŵѡ״Ԫ˭ҡ׵Ժ
ôҪ飬֧ʥˣ
ʥѾعѾȥˣǰǣҪȺһ򾡣
ϳԣҲϽӿ˽Ųȥ˾ˡ
һߣָȴûжٵĵʧģܲõ״Ԫ˵ҪҪǱġ
ָߣ̸ԼĴ㡣
һ֮󣬲Σ޶ǰһְͣھӪдһأҲΪǰˡ
ָЩòģĪһ䣺Ǿ͹ְСζأ
⻹򵥣ȻǸٵζˡ
κõһλƽأ
ΪԹ԰οĹӲԳӢֻۣҪģ޶ƽȴ֮ǿƾٻ٣޶һͬҲܲСĹɲǴԹĹҲǧǧյĹ
ָͦΪõģһ˲ţշʵڿϧ
ֻ֤ҪһգĹ͢㲻ԳӢۡ
𡭡ָɫЩã
Ҳֻãһ漴ָֻԭ״
誻£ָ
ãָҲѰ˻ᣬȵ䵥ʱ
ϵ׼ʱȴʥʧٵϢ


97 ٳ 
ָĴ
ͬһʱ, ڼºͷҲ󲻰
ĹٰңĿŵ̫֮ߵ, עĿ, һ㶼ıǡ
ɽ
ºȻסϳҽ֣, ǰȥ׽ж, նࡣ
ס
֣һӦ¡
ºתʹķ򼲳۶ȥ
ϳһۣҲæϡȻ֪ӳΪθı, ºȸһͷˣʥ϶Ĭ˴, ϳȻ˵ôžôš
º誵ƾɳ빬š˽֮һ·ɱ˸
Σ
Ȼ¶ˣ
Źϻҵɫ, ֮⹬رɭ, ºƶԼϵ, ҲϵˡǸһų, ֻΪϹ, ղǶ·, ǵɽ
ʥΣӣ
ºȥѰ䡣
ҲòŹ, ֪ʧ֮ױ׼ǵĸſڷ, ֽʿѳǡ
, 仹ĳˡ
ԷȻıѾãŷӦ˶֪ȥˡ
ԽԽɥĹָʥ϶أȻҽٳʥϣ
ʥϵָºһ
俴ǰҪȥءã¶Ҳµˣ²ţٴȥ׷ܷһЩ˿ָҲ˹ӦûԶϽиָӦǴȥģȥѰȺʥϵӰϢأ
º룬ϳȥ׷˽ȸһй
º뿪Ҳ޲һͬȥɹˣҲò¡֪ͨų뿮֮Ȼϣ֪Ҳġ
ڲȷʥǰϢҪˣ̫֪ܽ仹Ըŵϲӽ𣬶˵ʥϲˡ
ŵϲؼ£һʱʣЩǰȥѲľӣ
ģһֶҴġ
ŵϲա
ͷ˱ʱ򣬷ְ˱ɥһ˵ģô£ŵϲʧˡҲ֪˱Сӿ϶ָĶ֣ʥϵ˾ǴӰ˱ﶪģҵ˱ʱ򣬶ԷѾڵϲʡˣ֮һôܾģʲһõĶ
ԣôʲôΪ
ǷһС̫мɵĻ˵ָʲôطĹ֪˱ⱲҲʲõĻ
ʱ뿮֮ųҴҸп
뿮֮һӵĻ𣬺˼һ·Ƚ˹ʱûôʥϵģһ뵽ʥδȽҪͷڧ뿮֮㽫
Ҳһֻʥϻ֮˵
ʱ׷׷ϷϷһӲ
һƳҲס˻
ﲻԸˣղòһ𵣾ˡµĲָٳʥϣ̶ʨӴ󿪿ڣµǶԷֱڣʱǿ޶ûطȥ
ָֻЩģʥ϶ôõķϣĪҪʥ
һж˵
ϽǵºǰĺӡڽϳѵʱһλʦǸ߷ôϱ⾩ǵĸɽϵˮϵҲ䡣
º֪ǸطܴӣҲ˰ʹΨεһطխģ˶Źӡ
ºָǴǴߵġ
ȥѰ˵ط֮󣬷ǱߵˮݹȻб̤ļ
˵׷ķû
ʹ֮󣬱¥ɽˣٰɽҲ࣬һ飬ضɽط˼ʺ·ˣĻһ·ǼУײ
˶δֿȭѭ·ǵ˿һ·ϸϣһ߸·һĥָǾĸӡ
ͷҪɽʱºѰӰ
׷ֵʱºɽкüƥڳԲݣѰҲˣЩϵȺôͣ
ºɷ˵Ĵ˴˰֣׽ס˲ڴ˵صļ̽ӡ
ֻϧһѣָ課⡣
̽ηº˵ֶΣæˣԭˣЩǱĹ̽ӣĹ֮һֱؼû£꾭̣⵰ֱӱСͽǸֲ˼ˡһôలҲͦãƫƫ֮ǰָ£ǽΪ˸ָġ¶ѾزԭǸøָһ뿪ָ˶෴עĿǿԵĻһϣȡһЩʱ䡣
ֻҪٸһʱ䣬ָԼܳɹӳȥ
ЩˣǻҲܲˡ
̽ԼСϽģҲ£ʵǱˣͷ˷Ըģ
ͷĸͷ
̽ԥԥ̹ףҲ֪˭Ըģִ˵Ŀƺǡʥϣ
˵꣬Ĭһ䲻סˡ
ҲǣǺĹӦָģָȴֱӽˡ˭ָ֪ʲô£Ǳ֮Ҳûʲôˡ
ȻˣССҪ
̽˵ָ꣬һ򣺡ִ˾ܵġ
ºס죬ˤϣȥѰҲϸԴ
һſºȡһӣ㿪һ̶Ϸһڣһ̡СǼΪԣȸڲ֮
Ҫ˶೤ʱ䣬ͷȸܸϹ
ºһǰУ̽ӱֻܸһſϲҶ
ſҪܣö˵̽һ·һ·£θˮ³ˣºԸŹƱҪٳֵζ
ҲߵÿҪˣȥģߵʵ̫ܣתѣ£˶챻ڵɢˡ
ָҲûôɥ϶ٻǸϢģȻϯضôҲϢˡ
誴һʼ֪ԼٳֵĵķŭѾˡˣúģΪǣƽ޹ʸԼô
Լ֪һͿʼ˻ȥģԼܵһԱ󽫣ô׵ǺöõķǸˡ
ָ͵ʦ͵˲¼󶼱ӦԼͷϡ
ôô
ָСӣװӲװôʱ䣬ƭת
ʹļףָʴ㲻ΪηҪ޹ȥ
ָĿ誣ֻ˵ҲҾ֮£֮
ƨûôʥĳ
調ߣ޿Ǻʲôˣ޸Ķࣿޱ㵱״Ԫģô˷ԣȴȷ㡣أôر޵ģ
ģָҲԶԡȷЩԲס誣û취òӡǧֻһ仰Բסˣʥϡ
ˣǲŵģѣº׷ٽҲ;ϡ
÷ιӶۡ
ָǶ𱨣ҪȸҵͺˡʱСӣܹˡ
ȸ顢ة༸ʱܾȥᣬɲûˡ


98 ڵ 
һҺڵ
ҹ֮, ڵһ
̫ڹˣȻϱΪ˻˲ٿͷⱲȴЩĹĴ󳼱ĺúõ, ѹûԹʲôͷ, ڳԺû˸Ҹͷԡ
ڲһ誷˸ָ, ĿǴ𡪡
һݰÿնǷ¶޵, ùҲסޣܵˣʵܲˡ
ָŻ, ֳһĿ誡
Ȼ֪λĻʵ۱ʲôɱץ͵бץԾ, һѾܲˣôࣿ
ô
ָӳһ㣺԰ɡ
ԥ˰Σڵˣ϶֮ʳ, ԼĶƤ, ϼ˿㡣˽˳Ѿܵù, ŶӸ·Ҳ̫ίԼˡ
⿾йɱĽ, Ҳ, ûʲôζ, ﶼܵ
誻Ĵ, ҳָݹĶ, عĥζˡ
ָɱɱ, ָ׽ȥǾãŵ誱誸ֵǮġȻˣʲôҳԵأ
誳Ա㣬ֿʼԾˡ
Ҳ·ʲôָһ۾ʲô⣬ֶʧˡû˼ҲȲĺݣֻʱΪ֮ƣҲָָֻʲôʱˣٶߡ
ָüͷ֪϶£ɵЦһȰЩЩʵʵ롣
Ц޿ʲôû롣
ɡָ޻˵ﻹӣĹʵж棿
Ҳҿ棬űԼ˹ȥ֮ǰٰһУָƻãδ誶˲
ָڳ誼ûӦɵһ۳һûĿܣȻһԼ壬֪ܼʯͷʵʲô
ûʲôֻһʱпһ֮ô׵ؿһԭΪȡ˵ҲûһصĹ򡣡
һܲ˵ָ־֪δĵɽһʼʹǽǵͷҪڵԼ߰ɣ
⻰˵븸ʶϲˣǰ񵽵ĶĹҳ˭뵽ʧ֣
ָʧЦû뵽ԭ򣺡Щҳ֪ôء
誾ҲǣǷ뿮֮ӣ֪ʧˣ϶еզզͣˡ뿮֮ųѹţǳȴû˹ܵģɲΪˡ
һʱֺˣڼָȥ֮ǰ׼ָίΣ誾ͺ޲˦Լӡ
ް˴ʵˡ䵽ϲָôôžԼѡ֮ӣԴͷأ
̫ˡ
Ҳװɣ㾿ıߵˣ
ָüôûף
ֲ˵ô֪誾Լԩˣ֮ǰûлɹָҲ²˭ˡ
ָűߣϣû˵𣿡
ȻָȻˣδͶ
ûͶԺ֮ѵܷ¹Һ;ù졣
˵ϣҲȷһ䣬ԾңЩѾתģг˺üλ߹٣۵ҪĻˣԭȻĹ̸ģĹ֮ǡ
誻ڲ²ָ龿ʲôϵǱָҲ¡
װϰ䣬˾Ӫ֮Ϊ˲עĿͰԼոˣָܸģȴĲԼ˵ʵǰ常õ˵иҪҪ졣
ָȥ֮󷽲֪ԼҪʲôûк˵Ľڡ͢ҪҲҪָٲܶڱˡȻ͢ȻʧˣҲԼɼʱ
Ϊ˰͵ٰǣ֪˶˼һ޼ҿɹݱôϷڽǲģɹĹˣҲôõĳﱸıΪӪ
ĹʵվҲǱ׽סˡ
뿪ʱʶķԸǾڣܰ誸׽·ݡʿǮСǵضȥˣ֮ˡݱǵĵ̣ҪҲӦ
ةȴָץˣնɱɡ
ָҲ֪ةΪǣɱ誵ȷõѡʥϴδĹʵ۵һ£ָ۾óĹĹǣһλ
ָҲɱģվûµȥ֡ĹʵȷʵңҲȷʵǲɶõĺûʵۣϧĻʵۡ
ЦѶϣֺγأ
ָɨٰǣ󱱽û飬ע߳ǱֻܷɽԽ룬мԿͷԵıˡ
һ·ɽɽģ誼ȥ˰
ɷָȴûһÿĶΰ
ԭһжָļƻ¡ֱչָ׷
ͷ誡
һ޹
˵棬ֱָӾ誣ߡ
ϧĳǶѾˣŻŽȶԣֻҪָһ¶棬ͻᱻΧס
߲ˣ˳ִﶫ·ʱҲɾͻᱻĹʿסǻƴһƴֱԽݺݣһ·߾һЩ룬ֱȥ
ֻҪ߾Ҫôǻ˵㣿
ָ̼͸ı·ߣͷ
ºҲű˼ҲûһĪչ֮ʣ˵߷Ϣ
ºæ׷ȥ
һ·ϣº˾ûЪϢָ˻ֵģָϸģº˶࣬Ҳɲ֪ôӺοʼ׷ʥඹΪǺţܲµʥϵ٣
ָ֪һ·ºٴǰȥ׽ˡ
Ǹָͦ죬׷ϵļƣȴǼһÿζƵƵա
誻ɶԷλս·ڶģֻһȴǱŪ˰ǧǧļơһڻһطػضñ˿գûôġ
ӱ˰£˾ݡ
ǲԶ˴Ѿı߽ˡ
ǺܿҪˡ
誱ָ޵Ĺ򣬶Ŵһѳඹ
ֻºܸϽ׷Ҫ浽ڣҪꡣ
ǰո·ָҲЩԲݵĵһϣָ׻ݳһأһùݡȻùݿͨͨѾָܸΧһ
֣ˣ
ҲδؾûкöùȸСȫѾܲˡΪָ¹ʱûʲôǮ˿̣Ǯʵ̫٣ס¶õùݣֻǿס
ָ뱻˷֣һ·϶ϯضԣˡȻùݣȴҲ˲
ϳ˾֮϶ᱻѺ͵ġ
Ҫ
Ϊ£˯û˯áҹ׼ҹʱ˶ûأϾͼһǺ⵶𶯣ʵ㣡
ŵһˣüһԭǸڵ갡
˵ʲôţ˹Ȼûû


99 ɽ׽棩 
赶ɱ˵ĺð취
ɫʱ, ָ͵ɽС
˴ɽ֣ͷвɽƼ, ҲΪҪһ·ϲڹ۲, Ҳĵع۲ָ
ҲǶȺûаѺʱûסǵ˫ۣȻӼˡ課², ⼸ͽӦòס˫۵ıҪץʱ, ˶ûзЩӦǺɡ
Լûһķ
Ҳǲ뷴, ʵôĳԼϣٷԼˡ˵, ǴһŹߵһŹأָһ˱ڵûʲô
ﾹȻֹƽ, Ȼûз, ǽ, ˭Ҳû˭õȥ
ɽ;Уһֱ۲Χбɽ·
, ֶָߵ΢ƽ̹, Ҳϱ˰, Ǳ߻ûʲôˡӷɽµο, ɽһƬĲݵ, ʱǺͷ׷, һƬĲݵصǿһ
ԣҪĻǲ֮ѡ
課ɫƳһ۶ߡ
ָܿ׵ĶҲܴĦס
ܿ죬誱˲Щˡ
һ١
ɽկкڷկͷиɽսɽΪʮ꣬޶Χصڷկ˿ڶ࣬͢Ҳ׶ǣЩѹİգҲֻп˵ԩûߡ
ö֮ڷկ󵱼Ҿʵһ㡣
ʵۼҲŮȺ۳Ҫ󵱼ҵĴŮŮ근ˣ˴󵱼ң̸󵱼һһģӿ̳ģԲô󵱼ҵĿء
ŮѾ˿˵׵ˣ󵱼Ҳͷ۴£ںڷկҿ϶ǲеģկͷϣֻܽĿŵ𴦡ͷԸ⵽ȢڷկĹأ
ȥҲûҵһ˳۵ġ
ܲɣ誴У˲͸˸Ůϣ
ˣ
ͷһ̣誷·Լ
Ǹ󵱼һΪˣԵ춨Ƕ˺͸һ
춨Ե춨ıӦࡣ
誼ץ񣬿ϧû
󵱼͹˸⣬һ£ַԸ˽誴ȥˡ
ʼգҲûй˭
Ϊ⣬ƾǸԹҲã﹫ҲգֻҪĺڷկһɶǵŮҷǾֻ·һ
ָȻҲ誵ݣٰܵڱʹ˲֪ٵ˲֪˽ȥôһ֣ܲܽ˼©ɣ
ǵö
ָᣬ誾͸ˡ
Ȼûһ䣬˴֮ȴѴ˹ʶ˭ҲԷݡǶһӵơ
ﲻˬǿ϶ģ誱ؽ֮󣬶ݺݵصָһۣ㣡
ָûнƱ磬ʵҲЩڣסǼҺõꡣҲˣõ˾ݱԶж˷Ϊ·̫˯̫ƾֺ֣ڱЩɽȥ
ָЩӲ綼ܳȥģʲô
ˣż޾͵Ůˣ
ָʾҲû취
誼ðݣЩʱЩ˹ͷʱȴȻԡ
ͷС磬ôôأٴζһȴȻǰ˾º
ģԲᣡº
調ʱºҲһۣҶҡҡͷ
ɣ˵ǣ誻⣬֪²ϵʱºֻǰȻԮ
ҵ˾ͺãºڣºԮҲɳһŶ衣
ºָ㲻Ҫˡ
Ҽºĥĥز񻰣һţһŨصؿֽôôٲ¾Ͱȥι
СҲͷģ񲻴һȴɨʼ
ˣһʼЩֻġѵţѵţ˾͹ˡ
ҾºҲһ
ºҲĻڼûɹ£̫´ξͺˡ
ˣ·ͻȥɣȥǵôɨȦ
ºϥӦˡ
Ŀ뿪ȻȶࡣֻҪºˣµ˹¡
ͷǰǺлǺãǿԽŻͷǡ
ҹ׼˯ȴֱߡָһֻ۾뿪ЩҲЩͬ飬󲻵òסˡ
˰ˣ¶ֻίһˡҲ֪ɽկͷжˣӲӲУԾֻһֻ۱һֻۡ
֪ᷢʲôȥʱҲԼλ󵱼ҵĹŮ
º⡣˵ʥڲ֮ǣܲؿʥɣ
Ǵ˳ͻôʥȫأ
ºڿ˼Ѿ˰ˡ
ԽԽϲüۿʻһôأȻˣʲô
๫һֵǧǻǡЩЪϢɡüΪƺԴ誶࿴ۡ
誺޲Դ˫Ŀ:ȵȡ
ʲô๫ôôߣһˡ
æã࿴һ۶ίҲöԷһա
๫
æ:Թų׶ýƸ˲ִ£Ͳĺҿɲǵˡ
ǺǣѹˣҲ˭ĵؽ磿ҲǸģƲԳԷƣһüͷһŸ󵱼һ޵ǲҲˣһزɣ
һ
һŲڵϣװˣʮ㣺ӣڷկûãٸˣ磬ﲻһס
˭˭˵ûãʿˮڳһɫģ֡һСġָˣҾңûѰᣬѰɱƬҪǸңͷȫˡ
:һ㱾£
򶨣ŴȥԡһˣٽܴҴΧʱôס
ζĿֱĶֻĸү˸ôʲôܰЩƻг̽ʣǿ֪ڷկɽ
ȻǴ򶫱ɽ˷ˣѾȫˡ
ģɵɫô֪
쳤ӣ͸һ˴ϻۣȻǿ˵ɽ߲õġ
û֨˵ĺ調ᵽǸܼɵ誣ǴҴҳŹȥˡ
ʣָɱǸ
󣬸Ůȹһա
誻ȥʱſ룬ǽԼŪңͷҲһƬɥ˷Žӡ
״ָȻû취ˡ
ãָûסĵǴ𣺡ҶԲס㡣
һĹʵ۱һŮɽ.ˣҲ߯ˡ
ڲ֪ԲסˣȥˣԼѣڳı飺ԣܷһȥ𣿡
ָ˲ģȻܡ
Ƿȥǰˣ
誱Щ˼˲Ӳࡣ㲻ʣǾͱҲˡĶָȻܷһȥǾ͸Ͻ뷨ӰҾȳȥطǲԸ̤ڶˣվߣϱҪߣһа취ģԲԣ
ָɡ
вطһ춼ȥˣȥʲôԸȥˣĹǲݵУĿһĽ
ָûܾ
ȷʵöԲס誣Ҳȷ滮ܵ·ߡֻҪϵر΢ɢһЩܳûܡ
ֻˣӦҲ̫ע⡣
һϣָѰ˻ᣬ˼׼ߡ
һж󵱼С
ָɱ˾Ȼɱôݣһŭ֮£ֱ׽ָ˴ʮһ壬ҽΡ
ʰǸСģȻҲҪʰ
󵱼ҹƻĵַҲеģǾȴӷֻ˸鿪ʼ
󵱼Ҷһҩƻ㽫ҩ˹ȥ֮±һʹ
л˵
誣ϻȺ£


100 ˣ׽棩 
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課ΡΡض˹һ밾ĺҩ, Сĵʵ󵱼ң⡭òǶ.ҩɣ˵Ҽɱ㲻ֵܣôΪҪأҲȲѰ㲻ôġ
һɱ, һɱ, в޲ֱӳȥָ
ϧ󵱼ûǲҡ
󵱼У調, û̧۾ֻӦһ䣺, ˡ
ôһ䣬˭ܿ誵ӡ
һҭʵٻЩʧġ
赶ɱʧ, ŭ䲻ָѾɱôˣѪԵס޲ó֮졣󵱼ҵǺ, һֵܱ˼ûС
ľ鰡
룬תȥָС
ͷСܡСܶǵ˴󵱼ҵķԸ, صǰȥ, ǷĻҩιȥ
ǲι, ҲڲԶˡ
ָƴһɱ˺ڷկﲻˡ
Ƕǻ, ֲϵһ, û֮ŪկͷһƬǼ, ѪζѪڶûɾ, в͸ʯ, ˵ˮ, ʯ˳ȥӱϴһϴҲδϴɾ
۽ȥôˣǴ󵱼û뵽ġԼŮĻȰ˲ֹ¶ָ˼ԷȻ誸˵·һֱɽߣǻδɽ
ҲǴ󵱼ȻǾ׽˵ġ
󵱼Ѿ˽û˵ǼɽˡǺڷկÿ춼ȥˣҪÿһ˶ĵĲˣÿ첻֪Ķٻءˣľľˣ˵ǼҲǴ󵱼ҿصģȻָᵽڻܺúõڴϡ
ԸЩ˵ĺ£Ѱ˻ף԰ҩιȥ᲻ǣ
һôƴĻգǾ᲻˵ġǸ˻Ҫ誸ȥǶô춯صꣿ
誱ض᲻Ǹˡ
󵱼ЦЦǸˣȻ֪ô졣˵ҲǸӢֻۣϧǣҺڷկõġһ᲻ˡ
ϧˣôͲǺڷկأ
üͷҩ𣿡
ȻãôҩͷҩǿֻǸ͸ˣҲվ˶ӡֻܾӵ֣һһ㱻⼸ҩŪСˡ˼ȱ˳Ҳ㿴еǸСΪá
ԾԾԣڴҪһҩ
ʲôܲġ
󵱼ҴӲ調ӵÿǵġֲ£ִÿĴүѵҲףһһԼ˺ߣԮȻկżʱԮ֣󵱼ҾͲ課м㡣
󵱼һŮѵ˾͸ѵƵģһӣٸ档㽫Ȼ㡣úĵʱͲˣ
̣ܽǻԼĥ誣ĸԸĵԼķ
Ϊ֪Сأҿǵɫϲģ
⸸Ů˵óϷڷկŮɰԱɨصºĻˡʥϵŮҪǵèһʹҲ롣
ǺͷԮûΪԼſ񵽼ʱºȻǧͷϲƳ˿ߡ
ӣϳӦϵǵľȱ˰ɣ
Խָ֮󣬱㿴Ĳࡪָ˴ֻʣ°
ɱ˵ʱһ㶼û䣬˲伸ûˡֵʱ򣬴󵱼ȴûɱѡö۵ĥ⣬Ƚ˸һʹ
̣Ҳ
ָҲ̧ͷֱض誣˼ǧһ̫ˣ֮ƽȵվ⣬ָѲԼǲǱˡ
Ҫôأ
ճ˺ڷկû߶Զڰ·ϵ˾Ѿֻ˵Է֪ж
Ȼ˫ȭѵ֣ôһ˹ָɱһɱһȺǻǱ׽ˡˣȴ𡣺ȻԼǱˡ
ָ߬űʣ㣬ǲǹ⡪
ֿʼ˵ˡָ˵һ誾˶š
Ҫ˵ʲô˵ĿɾͲˣһǰֱָ죬ҩֱֱعָ
һ߹࣬һ߻ûԼ裬ߵ󰡣ɲҪֹӡҲǱΣʹιҩúҩ˾ͳˡ
Ҫ֣ͱôϻ誵ԭ
ָû˳˳ذȥˡ
һζʣ
ι֮誻ʵóӲ˲ָ죬װģص˭أɣ󡣡
ָƴһƿſڴ߸Żֹ
ȴһ㶼²
ָоԼոպȹҩĺȻģҪȴѾˡǡ˵ˣ
ָ誣ﲻ˻̴ٵءϡ
˻ߡ
誼οģӦֻ㷢ҩҪģҷĺˡ
ָɵۣȥԼһĿ
˿ʶԼ͹誣Ҳ߹ԼΪԷһ·ϴûߣŻʶظԷɾ裬嶯¡ǸΪǵǸҲ
þ誴ͶġһΣԲ誣ֻ誴ǶѾ˸ɾʲô֪Ϊ誱Է.ˡ
ιҩͷһۣҩҶѾιˣǿԻȥˡ
˲誵ΪǱҲͷšһ˴һ
֮ʶˣҲװģЩɪصҽٳһΣҲ˱ӦˣĶԹһʹҲԹ㡣
ָԾŭ
̾һ˵֪պαصأ
ٳһвúõ
ָŭˣתһ־誼̵ֻŴ󵱼ҵԼͷƻʱʲô취
ָΪ誵Ľֿ϶Ҫңˬһ¡ԺҲҲָ֪Ĳҡ
󵱼Ҳ֪ͷ˶ٺöιָ
һ飬ιˣҲûʲô˵ġ룬ı󵱼ѱˡ
ôιȥչָͳ׷ˡ۾ȫ¾ûܶĵطˣˣ۾Ҳˣȴһ
ôŻ治ˣûһϡ
ָ²⣬Ҫ誳׵ŻᱻŪڴ֮ǰӦɱָ룬ԼһɱĻȥ
ʱָҲ˼ûа誣ǲеһжᷢ
ָȴڽеĻ
Ǹӣ֮ͲԸٵˣһоҪһ
󵱼ֻȥˡ
˵֮ͷƤˣûס͵͵ȥºԮʲôʱ򵽣ʵǴȥˣҪûˡ
УҪ
ºֻ˵ʱû
⼸գֱòУǱߺȻ
۾һԮǾȥԮ
誾Ȼ˵ܵǰͷȥһ̽˭϶ԷŵĹѹͬΪ׵ĻǸ
Ź⣬ֻܿһ֪Էݳ
˫ȭǰס⡣˽߽ڿ
һòiŭ


101 ̴׽棩 
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Ů, ͷҲûֻͣ£ƳһԲںڷկ誡
ϸƤ, ͨ, Ҳ֪Ǵġ
誻û˭Էȿ˿ڣ˵ûжٸ:, վһ߶ȥ
Ŷס˴צӣԹԶ㵽һ, ס˴.
𾪣ȻŮϡϡ棬ĹûŮ, Ҳ֪һλļҵģ
һн֮ٴҲһġ
ڷկĴ󵱼æ, λŮһӭͷײϡ
󵱼ҿһΧ֪ʲôŭ:ǺˣҴҺڷկ
л˵, ȡ㹷Ůֱ̧, ʮֻѸٳկ, ֱӶǴ󵱼ҵš
󵱼һæһԼšȵǰ
:, Ƿϻ, ǾȻҴڷկ, ǽ޻أ
ʲôè, ҲڷկҰ
һ, ݻ, ȴûܳŹãڽڰˡ
Էʵ̫ˣǴ󵱼ҴҲԽԽ
ڷկôû˭²ͬʵԲԵȡ
ŮѾֱӽɽΧˣڷկƴɱգȴԼߵԽɱԽ١
ܿ죬կʬҰĴӴܣûӼֱһѪС
䣬󵱼޿ˣôܲ裬һҧƴһҲҪԼ
һǰ˷˵Ҳһû˵ּΪ
٣ҲףһͱѪҲǳе¡ҲǿսˣⳡȻɲôܵסֻɻŮҲ̫ɴˣԱŶˣֱӿ
ӣˬġ
ʵҲҲÿ֮ǰ˵һѣ±Լļıһ
ƴɱٲò誡ֻº໤û˶һë
ºһˣɽǲԶողյϢѾԮˣΪĵؽ磬ûôࡣ
ǼҲˣֻҪϢɽ˭ע⵽ǡ
ֻºȴ誵۳̶ȡ
һߣȻɣû˻ע⵽ɺͷһƸӵ誣ǾͲһˡ
º̧ͱ˰:ҼҽԵȡ
£º𵶣ɨΧһۣҾʵ
ôˣûȫˡָҪɽ׽ţһС
˵Ǳ߻վһ֪ǳŮˡ
ֻλǲҪĺãõۣˡ
ºԭأȴڷ·
Ůһ֪ǲǵģҲ֪һңֻһӹɣǾʥϵݾԲй¶˼ҪʥϵԼȡ棬ѱûͷ
ͷǾԲʥ뿪
º:֮ǰǴ󵱼ݵʱôأ
Щ:ѹûʹ
ʲôݣҪŮ
ºڷկĲԩŪڷկԣŪŮȴУº˲˶Բ:´˼һӣг壬ʮˣϲýѣǳˡ
գգۣȻܡ
ȻһδгǼһռ˱ˣҲûа취İ취
䣬սѾˡ
ڷկȻҲݣǹѲڣԮȻֿ˶á
ԭɽŻһģûҲ֮е£Ů˺ڷկկŵʱǾӦ뵽ɽȺ֮ûȫΪϲˡ˶ûˣΰæأ
󵱼ҸֳֳҲɱûˡҹѣȻ󵱼ֺҲɱôˡ
Ĺ󣬺ڷկ㶼ˡ
ŮŵĿ֮£ն˴󵱼ҵԴ
һʹ˻
Ҳŵ۾ͷ˵Щ̫ˡ
課ҿ
ӵ׵ĳ:Ҹƴˣ
Ѿɱ۾Ȼˣôܽ˱˵û֣˾Ѿ׽ˡ
ǸŮûֱֻһﷸȴɽ
ôһڷկѾһƬǽˡ
˶ˣʣûҲҷ߶Է˶ڣֲ֪ʲô·ڷկʣµĴ඼ҷ˷ŭǷŭֻϧڳûһŭ
޹ؽҪˡ
ʵҲˣЩһһʲôݣֱӱ˴ȥ˴Ρ
Ϊô꣬˵֮ˣֱӰǾ͵Ҳû˻ͬǡ
Ƕˣֻʣ
ŮǾƽ̴ƽķرھݣδ֮ǰѾ˵ڷկЩаԵϢˡ֪͢ûܹǣҲܲסǣ̴ʱǰڷկԸһɫơ
ҲǴȫʤˡ
̴ڷֳ誣Ը:Ҳͬһ
ףǲˡ˼Ҽ֣ҪסҲ޿ɺǡ
կе˶ˣº˵Ҫʰȥû׼뿪º˵ҪȥʰʱȴûţҲû˵뿪
ΣºָС
ָۣƴҪֱǰ˭Ȼһжֻͽ͡۾ҪϹˣӰˡ
ָѾˣ屻ĳӣŶ˵һĥָȴֲԸôװˣûʥϺҽ񣬸ûԽѵ誣ҴĿĲԸô׵ûˡ
Ǿڵһ⣬ܵԼĹǰ̣ʪķУصȴ
ָ
ºߵǰЩǸǲòΪ:ҲҪңֻ˲öˣвԱС
ָֻİ
ȷԼûˣҲûΪʲôԼǰأ
ָ죬Ҫ˭˰һҲû˵
Ѿ˺üˡ
Բסˡºӱóһͷ
õɱһз֮ˣͲҪõ
Ƭ̺ºʰһ˳ȥ
̴ûãָǼҲһ顣ûѳʲôȴѳһˡ
۾·˵ԼĲʡ
ˣͷ̴ָϸϸػһ
ˣʲôʱ£
ʬ岻ģӦ¶
̴ɵؿº
ºԼã˵Ҳ˿һߣ˵ѵĻſھ:ҽȥʰʱͼûǰկ˽˳ֱӺ
Ҳæͷ:ǰ϶ѰģӦǷŻɱйߡǲ֪ǰЩҲһӳڷկģ˳ӳˣֻǱ˻׽˻ǰɱ˺ڷկˣկе˲Żҵ˼ǺģոһǵҪʵǿ
̴һʱҲȥֱ⻰Ǽ٣¶˵ҪҲùܡ
誻Լָˣѹû
ֻڨڨ˵һߣװǻơ
˵ľӣƺƵ˾ݣΪ׳ۡ
Զһɽͷϣϳסˡʥϱȶ˵һ¶Ƕ˵ڵ̫ͷˡ
ʵ̫ˣҪʥϸ̸ס


102 ׽棩 
뾭ѵƽ
һ·ϺƺƵ, ܱ߰շ׷פ
ŵȺͷ󵱼ҵʬ壬кڷկһ˵ȡֻҪûͶں, Щû˵, ˴󵱼ʣµĻկͷ
֮԰Ѵ󵱼ҵʬֻΪ֪ڷկѾûˡ
ںڷկļҵ, һС˳ʣµĴͷ񶼱̴˸£, ֪
ºϣøΧ۵ͷвûסźڷկȺ˶, Ŵ󵱼ҵʬ庿޲ֹ
ɲΪģǴñ, ֮ܵðϢˡ
Щݰںڷկͷ𣿵õ΢ƯһЩĹﶼ¶棬λ󵱼ҵĹŮ֮󣬳еҲʼսս˭Ҳȥǳ˵ĺڷկ˽°ȥ, û, һʬɽ, ͷ˼ҡ
ɱ˾ɱˣ˭ûСٸҲ, ǹٸȺҷѹճͷλƽǽͷ, һӱóаķڷ
ǡǡ̴ҪĽ
еҪġ
һ·, ֱӸȥ˾ݹٸûض, ǱѾյϢ, Զܿٲ̽ͷ̽, ֹ졣ҪĹӭҲͰˣƫƫһ̬ȣ˲֪û˺øС
ҲǸĹԱ
ֹһЩ̽ͷ̽Ե˲ûˣڼһλǰӭӡ
ͷһǾݳ
ụ̂Ҳ˵Ժڷկôɱж𾪣׽ЩˣѾһͷˡ
ȴ˵ʲôֻһعά̴:治ǽŻŮϽ֮飬ƼʮضοּǺˡ
̴ɨһֱۣһſٸ:лӴ˻˵䣬ڷկѾӴ˴ˣⶨ̡Ϊһ£ҪӴ˷ġٸԩܲС¶ðɣ
С¶һ֪ͷô¶
һٸˣ֮¶һ׮׮һɣǼֵ¶ܴĺòãϰնùѪͷ˭ýȥ˷˵ĲǾݹٸƽأ
˼ҳէͽ˾ݹٸʮҲ˵¶Ǵ˭֪жӦˡ
Ȼ̴ȴĲʲԸţ˽ڷկҪ˷ֿСⰸеأǶһ飬Ǵùʻͷǻʲô
̴Ķ󡣶Ҫϵûס:ݾ͸ֳĶ֪ΪŮ֪ĻΪǾݵʵأ
ŵ亹ֱ:˵˵Щʲô
˵ĲһĸھҫΪ˭Ѳɾ¶ָҲһŮ֮Ҳ䣿ôҲǾݵĸĸ٣ͷҫҿɲ¡
˶ɱˣʲô
һڣȻǱ˷ι:һ𣿸Ͻȥ
һǳ⣬ڲٷһס죬ȥˡ
ھ簲ˡ
ûãֿʼ:մ˶ǰȥ˷ˣ
ԼĪôˣ
򰡡ڨЦ:ûʲôֻǾּҾ֣ԭɵ˼ûܽЩɽƷء
ô˵Ǿ̴ֲ͡ʥϼɵּأһ־ͰѾݵĸ󻼽ˣʵôܽ˲أ
ҲΪˣ̴ȴòĳһ䡰ƽ
̴ûʲôţѾ͹ˣڱģҲ̫֣ʱʱ͹ˡ
ƲԳԷƣҲٸ档
ǸûõĹ٣ƼˣɱҲɱˣûʲô˵ġ
̴׼뿪Ȼס:ӦǾʿɣ
Ҫ׼ʵʱҲţֻ:Ĺˣ֣壬ԭ׼⣬ֱӱ˹ȥһͬѵĻҼһˣѾЩɽɱˡ
ùŹ֣׷:ĹĶˣ
̴̧۲̲ض
Ŀ:˰ˣǿͣٱ㲻ˡ
̴
סֵǣ̴ĸԾȻ˭סη顣˵סԼЩɹѵΪԼ
誶žӳ
֪ʱºͷˡ
æ̴¶
ºҲһȸӱˡƬ̵ĹѾܴĶˡ
ƽ̴λϽΨһáּΪҲԬһʵۼɵǰλϽ֮󣬻ʵּҵıȨλƽǸҵģǴһȺǻбסּҾּҵҵ
ѵõǣּҾҲϽȥ֮ûãǾͶƽΪˣָĴĶġʵۼ״Խסˣһƣƽ޵ҡλΪТΪɾܾ˴ͻ飬ŭʵۣ򷢵˾ݡӦ⣬˵λƽס۾ݲɳӣڷկô꣬һҲӦá
誸̾:ԭֹҡ
ʲôңҵ˶ȥˡλֶ˵ģı¹䵽ϣȻʱû֮ǣɺ˭֪أСΪϡ
Ҳ֣·ƫƫǰڸϡĪǡº۾һ:Īѿݣ
ʲôأ課ţǰϢýģͷû֪ʧˡ
ˣºǾöԷͼ:СһܲΪǸ󵱼һҪЩʥƽദһҪ
Ҳÿüͷ:Ҳǡ
µȷ͸Ź졣
۵̴ҲԸµ˵誡
ӿ誵ĵһ̴ۣ֪ԷǸ󡣷˵Լ⣬̴ҲǽŽɣΪδ̼˼ҵӵȡ
֮誣һ﷭ʲôҲϣֳ̼нɽɽá
񣬿ȱǮȱĽأǸǮ˼ҵԩͷú׬һʡ
̫ȱˣѾƵͶ·ˣǸʵۻҪûжһ򾡣ֻŵط
̴ܸǹʵۺţǻʵ۵˼˭͸Ҫǻͷ˼˹׼ҪǴӻǲӣ
ҪǴӣ̴ǲġе뾭ѵǻλϵĻʵҲûжپη֮ġǻʵ˿˾ˣԼ汲ˣ汾£ΪԼӲɣ
ּҲˣ浽Ƶʱ򣬴ּҾһˡ̴ֻҪӣ˭ȣ˭ǳˣС
ǰǣûǮ͢ϣɶǺǮ¶ǡǡʱ̴˻··ڸ߱ˡҺܹء誡
л˵
:ֽһѨT_T


103 ʣ׽棩 
Բܵ
ǧٰ֮, ųЩӶδ˯þ
ʧ٣Ƕ˵Ǳڴ̫ҽԺ̫ҽÿն, ˿ʲô©ųЭһ, ͰͷЩ˸Ūסˡ
ֻһˣԸʣµ˿ɾͲˡƩһҪϸһЩĺ, 缸ûڡ᲻ɾĳš
ŷв˾뿪誾ͲУȻ֮ǰ誶Ҫж, ෳˡ㷳˵һûˣֹ˵ǵġ
յģʲôûо
, ǲǱŰëˣ
ʵ黹ǵʡ
źòʵ֮ȴðɣֻ뿮֮ú˵˵, һ뵽ʥδڹֳʲô£ضó͢Ķʱû룬ǾĲҵ˼㡣
ɲ֡
ΪĹ, Ϊʥ, ŲŲò
ûĿ֮ҷ뿮֮Ĳ, ˽ȴһ߾һ䳰ȷ:ʮ, Ϊж, ʥ϶ס, ֱǷһȺ, һõĶûС
뿮֮, ༥ͣ
ʵ, ʥϾڲڹ
⡭뿮֮Ĭ
ȻȻˡ
Ĵƫƫôв˾ûˣˣָŶԷıͷ:˷ʥ¶Ǿ͵лɡ
뿮֮µͷۣн:ˣȥȥѻ졣
ҷˣҷ˾͸ð˸ˣ﹬ôŶܱ˸ߣɼжûáϱߵģ˭ǣҲţǸõõġ
ʥôһ˵Ͳˣָ˵ô:Ҫסˣ˶ûһ˼飬ЦЦ
㷳뿮֮üͷһü˵ȥȫ˷ʱ䣬վ˵ۡ
Ҿվ˵ôˣҾͲôˣб¾ͰʥһҲҸ㼱
㡪ȡ֣뿮֮߳ŭָ׼
ôҲûܰʥһ־ʵ޴
ţԱҸӹˡ
˲
кЦʵ:λʲôأ
Ž£ĮȻ:ûʲôء
˵գֵ˷뿮֮һۣ뿪
˲ԸѾãƽ͵ʺãǲŽ˴۾ء
ߵ֮󣬷뿮֮Ҳûʲô˼һк֮뿪ˡ
ʣµҸҲäϹε¶ʲô࣬ʵٶġ
ҸӺòװˮ֪żƷǰȥΪʥϵĻģܶԹһЩ
ǼĵŶ˱ŸθףֱڹͷͰǸˡ
˳Ÿ뿮֮ĶԻУжµǡ
ʵ:òʥϳʲôӰɣ
ӣǵġʲôС£һС¶óԾذ뿮֮ڻҲ֪ܡ
:Ҳ֪ʲôʱĲӣȻһ㶯ҲûУٺͿƾٶճУζѾˣûһʥ
Źǽ:ʥڲͷһ˵أ
û塣
̫˵
û誣ôҲ֪ôһ£ִֻŶؼȥˡ
ûеʲô֮ǡҪǳʲô¡ûˣ뿮֮ų˵סˣһʥⱣ׼ڶͻҪ̫ӡ
һ޾
ŷ˻ûпʼɫѡǾ˵ûˡûϢõϢ
ȻϲЩ֪ٵ£һ뵽ʥϳ˲ӣһӵ˼ûˡҲ֪ôģ֮ǰһǴûôš˵ˣԼöˡ
òҲǡŰϰ˰ɣ
ѾµòˣҲڵõ˸׼šȲ˰ų뿮֮й
ʱʱΪѣһ£ȴȻҲø֪ǡ
뿮֮ͦʥϢͦˣŸˣһȴʥ䵽С
뿮֮Ŀ¶:ʲôųڣѣʲôܰ˸Ͻӻ
Ҳεý:һҲˣλƽնʮּҾСּҾں֮ڿɲһǶǾǿ䲻ʵۿأƽţô״˸
˵ĵҲͷ۸λȥ
ݵĻ϶߲ˣϾô˫۾أøݣѱ󲻻лԱһա
춼취ͷҪͺˣԼͨˣͷһͷҲһ¸ˡ
żһ׼̴Ҫµʱȴ̴ˡ
ʱø˿ڡ
̴Ƴ誹ôȥŴģεĴҲǸġ
һȻûˡ誼ˣԭйƤ򣬳һ겻
Ǹ㻹𣿡
̴ػһ˵ĸ첲
ѾˣЩģֺöܵüʱֻⳡɱС
ǹʵ۵˼ɵʲô鶼ûü
誺һˮóʹʹɲĥĥˣֱ˵:ҼѾݣܹˡܲǰӾݳǻϣ
ߣ
̴Цˡ
ǲܷߵģôˣͷûǮ˭ȥ̴ص˵꣬СЦеص:ͷҵúܣٳȥСֱ׽סˡȵһȰɡ
ﲻסˣ˼ǲˣﲻˬϾʹ˵
û¶ﲻ߰
ȻǿҵǮ
̴֪ˣ͵:ĪΣ⣬ɲֱеˡҼǵûĻǸ˰ɣ
:
Ҳɱģ̴ƶ
誾һ亹
̴׳һ:ݵǸºǰɣ
üͷһ˵ҲУҪ˵ǰĻԵݸⲻһ㣬誵:ǸСˣֱֻ˺һЩ
̴Ц:ɲǺһǰ㡣
ҾͲ֪ˡ
ô̴ȫװɵĻᣬҪװɵ̴ƫãԺյɴ̿ץ㣬ץס˺ִµӾںڷկץ֮󲻾ãԼֲֳûկ׼ˣʱɱٷˣ˵ʲôôʦģ˵˵˭ɣ
誣
Ϲ:ʵŪ
л˵
:Լס


104 ݣ׽棩 
ֻں
:ҳȷʵ
̴ŶЦ, ⲻǷϻô
ʵҲڣŪٵˣֻݰ, ȷʵЩһ㡣Ȼ̴Ļʵ۹ϵ, ˭֪ôءһ֪ԼĹʵۣתͷͰ˿ôǺã
һָ֮ͷѾˡ̴֮ǰ, ̴Ų£ΡС޴
, ǸϽֲһ:ҼĴͬǣҲ϶ࡣҲʲôˣ˴α׽, ҲʵΡŵùңȷһȥ, ұصԺϡ
˵ɡ̴ص䵭
֪ˣԲŲϷԼ뿪
誵ȷ̴ûôС˼, ֻǵؾ÷誻ȥ, ʲô񲻹˵˵, ȥַ֮ô죿
̴Ҳôп룬ʵ, ׻ʱ̴ӲῼǮõ¶, һ, Ѿȥ, ϵǶʮʿơ
̴òſԴ
˸̥, 󲻻ɢ
̴֮, Ը:ȥҴٰɳʲôϡ¡
ǻλ¹ӣ
ǲճ»һأȥǱߴ
:λ¹ӵĹҵˣǻҪ뿪𣿡
ţΪ˷ȥġ̴̹ѹûôţֻЩ۵˼誳ٸһҲ޷Ĺҳû׼ּҾĿˣ
ûǮֻһˣϣλ¹ӡҪ
Ҳû취
߻ȥ֮󣬴һ˹ˣҲ䰡
ºæΡ
ҡҡͷɫ:ˣǲϷˡ
ºıƽòǱʲô˵˼ɣҪɱڣ뽫׸ʾ⣿
Ҫô೤Ǻõġ˭ţǺ²ܻصȥº:ҽתһ£ɭϣҪǿ϶Ǵȥġ
ǿ϶ģϾﻹôıءУںڷկ̴ûг֣ܻǾֲ
գ֪ݿڷկһ
ڷկôɲ٣µɱ¾ʤǴ󵱼ҾͲ˵ˣֵҲ˾
֪ݿŰߣ֪رضص֪﷽ƽϢߣҲܽڸ֮ǰĲΪ˳µظ˶
ֻҪǴӺڷկͷģܴǰûɱˣǳʲôԭ˺ڷկһɶ
һʱ䣬ǽڳޣùٸһ¡ڷկĶ͸˵ö֮
֪ݶԴ˻⣬һʵǣﻰ޲Լ
̴ĹһʴԼĹ͡
˵֮󣬸пǧ
Ȼڷկ˵ȷʲôˣǲûзһɴ̣ʵʧƫġñΪҲӦװ׵ؿͥʡ֤ȷ֮󣬷ܶ˵־ֱԽ˷ɣķɼ̤Ϊһֽġ
̴㱯ˣʵ:ЩǺˣͬʲô
誷:ͬǣֻǾǽɱһĲֵˡǶ˵壬ʱݻ֪ҳʲô
졣̴ص
һǣ
Լѱˣ˼Щ
誾̴̫ˣοҪ롣
Ż˵Լ죬ֵһ˼:ֵôıֲǰ衣ô˻Żס㣬ôʲôã˵ˣܲΪһɱͱηηţʲô¶հǰ˺ɣ󶼲Ҫˣ
ôһ̴Ҳˡϴιʵ۽˹ɱʧܸóԣͣͣɣ
Ȼûþͱˡ
գ̴һغڷկЩϡĲ
ڷկôļҵ׿ɲ٣ٸ̴ֶڷկ˽ٳֹλ󵱼ϲ£ϾٳǮ˿ɱȽٳ⵰ˡ⵰ҵҲѹβǮǸ̴ֲһٳһξ׬
׬Ǯ඼̴Ŀڴ
ʣµЩ̴㻨ݰϡ̴Ҫڴ˵㣬£Ǳزٵġ
ű˵ǮԼ¶̴˳ּˡ
ҲΪˣ̴ŲĹٸȥãϾǮҪǵ˹ٸУ϶ֵñ̰۵һɶ
ȥ£誸ºҲ
̴ǵģֻϢȻò׼ʲô̬ȶԴˡҪµĲĻݾͲֹһˣǡ󡱵˼¡
Ļʵˣʵù
ЩӣӦûе˰ɣ
̴˼Ī⣬ºļ򵥣ձڸҲʲô¡ȥһ͸͸˵˵ܳûӻȥء
̴ȻûǳУһ·ϣ誶û뿪߷Χ
Ҫ̴֪ȷʵûб˼׶롣
֪ڼ׽ס̴ĿѡϬضӡ
ڿʲô
ûʲô̴µŲĿ⣬ЩյĻš
ĵţҪĹʵ۵Ļôᱻ׽䵽أ
˰ɡ
ҪأҪģּҾĿòóˡȻǵúúöǰ
һʱ䣬̴Ŀⶼһɲ֪ԡҪĹʵۣ׬ˣ
課ţ:ⶼѾĴˡ
̴һ֪뵽ʲôȻЦ绨:ֻǿ¹ӽݹûס࿴ۣô
:
ɶƤȻˣ
ºںͷͶ֮ԹĿ⡣
ôŻˣǱʥôһ˼ûУλ˵˵ЦЦ
±˻Ǯ
˷ǰȥڷկ·϶˳˳ڷկѾһտӣ̴֮󣬱׼ظϰ·ϣʡ
Ų֪ĶһȺ̿ͣ˶ɵˡ
ʵûëɣ˲ƣͲ̴ķˣ˵ΪŮӣƶɲ˴£
ºһ߿ǰĴ̿ͣһϽסˣж
վ󡣡
һĿȴؿ̴ǱҲ˻ţһʱ仹Ҫ
̴ºڣǸ޸֮ķҲɺ
˳˳ؽЩˣ˭֪鷴ԽԽˡ
ս죬Ⱥ˲û٣ˡֲ֪ʲôʱʼֶˣǵĿˡ
誡
ˣ֮ǰЩָݣĿȷҲҪ࣬ԴԴƵģɱһƬֿһѡ
ѾǺüˡ
ЩȻԤı
ĵ˵Ⱥ˱ض֪ݣҪֱºˡֻǲ֪Щ˾Ļģ߶С
̴Ҳʶһ㡣
俳һ֮̿ס:ҴӺɽߣ
ºںڷկͷϾʱţ˵ɽ壬ҪǺֱӴȥĻĺܲҡ̴ô˵ӦҲ֪ġ
ºֳֳ誵˵ͷ:ߣҶϺ󡣡
Ҳ̴ֻģֱӱȥ˺ɽ
Ⱥ˼뿪æȥ׷ȴºڰ·
調пºôһж࣬¶ɣ
̴ȴǳ:ˣߣ


105 þ 
ĵþˡ
誱̴, ϡͿƹ˺ɽһһص塣
ɽţ誻ͷɽ֣еǸ
̴ǰ, ߵ޷ˣԼҲͷ, һѻƬɽ
誶λƽһ˽⡣
ɸɴˣΪһʵۣȴÿÿհǰ˺, ¾ϡ
誻룬ںɽҲϸ, ֱӱܿе壬ɻʵѾЩ壿
Ȼ̴ˣµҲԴһ
֮ǰɽн˷˵ʱ, Ǳ㽫ڷկ˸׳죬˵Щ, ڷկ󵱼ҵķųǱ߿سţ̴ﻹţǳ͢Щ۵ĹٷϵĻҪǳڷկ
, صĴ̿ø, ̴׼ˮƯ
, ̴Ƭ̶ҵƹɽ֮һ·ϡ
ȵ˰ȫһЩĵؽ, ̴ͣ˽Ų
һ, ͽʮ, 課һ, Ѿ۵ֱˡ
̴һͣ, æ·ߵĴֱ
̴öҪһ, ޵:ӹҲ̫һЩǳпôѵͲʦ
˳仰̧ͷ:ҸҪ䣿
ǹõĻýһܹ
Ҳ𣿡
Ϊڡ̴ÿ棬ϲ̸һ:£һ𣿡
һװ:ʲô˲û׼Ϊϻشɱûɹˡ
̴:ЦǷǳģҲ֮֡
誼װơ
̴һЦЩһһ:ѵĹСʵۣ
ͫ׵
㵵ض̴ߡ𾪵˵Լô¶𣿿ʲôʱֵģ
̴ƺǲµĲ⣬:˲²⣬ŽǰȥϢ˵ǣٰڵСʵѾڴòֳˡôɵ£δɱͼңұӼᶨضĹʵۣû˵ɣ
ﰵ̽調Իرܣֱ׵ʳ誷֪κŪȥˡҾĿǰƺҲŪȥ
˷Ӧ̴ЩԵ:ȻҲˡ
誱:Σ
ΣȽȥ硣
̴֣ǰ
ĶʮǶȥ㰲ȫˡ
˵̴ȻжʮּҾʮĴƽҲסܳҡϾôأĸݵôࣿ
һƬҰǲȹĵһƬۼ˼Ƭ̣ӶͳһѺ춹
ĶӶûˣֻʣº춹ˡ
һѣºǧҪƽɽ
̴ǰû˸ϣ:ŸʲôϽϣѶǶЩ̿ͿЩ׷ɣ
˵˵ʲô̿ͣҪ׷Ͽ϶Ҳº׷ġ
ֹ䣬ĥĥظϡ
ʵҪǿԵĻԸº̴һʱը͸̴ͼܾöԷŻǺȻͲ̴Ķֱ֣ӼŭĻùĻԼ
ǲҪʯͷˣֵá
̴Ҳ
ԷĹʵۣ˾һΡһǾˣ
Ĺ˵Ļƾݹ˵Ҳ÷үһġҲҪʲôүˣĹһص˰վˡ
̴յغŲ֪С
誷Ѿظ󣬸ôһ·۵̧ţͷҲ࣬ΨԴѵģǱ㿪ʼ̽
ѽƻ裬һСֻӰҴ߹ֻбӰϸ˵
Զ𣿡
Զ߾͵ˡ
ǾͲȥ𣿡
Ǯ
ί:ûǮѲ㻹ûǮ𣿡
̴:ҵǮдôģʡŻ
:
ôȷ뿮֮ţᡣ
̴˵ҲȷĻԴ˾ݣûôǮƽҲʡԼãĿ֧ǹˣλǽͣܵ
⣬̴ҲûʲôǮҲֻʡʡһ
ҹ̴֮ʮǮļ۸ӻҵŴһ
誾Ǯ࣬ǶԷǸסˡ
ڵ֮󣬴ҵС޿ʿˮ
誼˲˼Զʳһָ
С誵Ŀ˲䷺Ź⣬ֿֿɰ
СԴ֪ΪʲôһֱСԴͦģָСԵ˻ǿһġƩǰ
̴ҡͷҪ˵ҲûϣС촿Ϊ֪˳Ҳ볢һ
ĹСʵۻǸúģÿ߶ֱ֮ʿҪȻᱻ˸ģ
̴ݺݵ誱˿ӵĲѹĽӵùĶǲôѵĹĴ󳼻ôĲһΪ룿
ҵ¶̴òܣԲܣ
ʲôĲеֻˣм󳼶ԻĵģĸƤνĲװġ
ĹСʵ۾Ǹࡣ
̴֪ǣĹĳ̫ܲ͢ƽ̫ƽԭǳŸ뿮֮ӹͷǳٳټ誣ǳζͶһļϣԶǰݡ
Ҳʥϸ
ǸŲ䣬öԷû£õҪԼԳС
¶ֵųѹˣǸܵȥˡ
ʱȥݣǾͲȥæȥҵġ
ߣ̴Ъһ֮·
̴Ѿúúõˣȵ磬ԼϵĹʱһֽǮһֽˡ
̴ĺãõҵּҾ֮һбԳ䶨ˡ
һգ̴ߡ·̣һԼǮӡͷЩǮһƥӦǹģȵһ͹һƥɣ㵽ĿĵرʲôҪ
˶û뵽ǣȼи絽ģǺͷ׷
׼ȷ˵Ǵ˷Χ׷ǵļƣձһսˡ
̴ɫؽ󣬳彣Ը:лᣬֱӳӣҪͷ
أ
ˡ
˵䣬ǰ͵ʬ塣
̴ֱὣӭС
Ȼ¸߳˫ȭѵ֣Ӯô˴̿͡ûã첲˺ü
誼תҪȥԼңƽһκԼôȭŹ
ţȻͷһȺˡ
Ⱥ˻ûؾһǺãΪԼ̴Ҫ˵ʱȴֺͷЩֱ䣬̿͡
ǰ氭۵һͷأˡ
º˾
ԭľȱ
ºԾ誸ǰϳˣ誻ʵʵ
ʥû¶ɣ
ҡͷ:û£ǸϽȥ̴
º⣬˻誣ȥ̴ߣ¡
شԮ٣ҶǾûãһȺ̿ͱ㶼סˡ
Щ̿͵ʬǺ˵һأġ
調ºϲԽӯ챣ӣǵþˣ
ǳ׵׵ĵþȡ
̴ŽһսеĽ
ҹѣľѣƺˡ
л˵
ϸϴ֣Ȼͬ¸¥³ˣҸϽȥ
붼ûʹ·ȥˡ֮˵飬ϺöطĲ˶ûˣȦˡݩn
һؼ֮󣬷˺һĴϣһаðɡ


106 ׽棩 
׼ػĴǡ
̴ϵһƬʬ, 뵽º֣жǸǾ費ѡ
˵־֮£, ѷһĹּ, ʽ󿪴ϣ䡣һ·ûʲôʽ, һֱһذ׾ͳ˶, ÿÿɱУѪ
߾жأΪҪѵ
Ϊ˻ȫ
Ȼ֮, ̴·𿴲ˣˡѵֻǱϿô, ˵һ·װɵ
Լȸϣϲʤաܵίڵõ滺ˡº֣ǵشš
ɽСû˰ɣ
º֪ʲô, :֮û, ǱԮˡЩδ, ȴҲһֱھݵȴʱտű˺ͷþ¡û, ָҪԴġ
̴, ׷ʵص:Ҵˣ
º:˲ٽȥ, ֻʮ˻ȡǲ, ɽŴ͸Էֱˡ
ǵ, ºº, ɡµȻҵ·ǶԵġ
æ:ǲǿļǺţһ·ҹģ
ºЦŵͷ
ˣɣ˵ļǺſ϶õġ֮ǰºǾƾЩҵ˺ڷկҵ治ϸ緢صþȶ
²˳٣ǻǸϽȥɡԸڴ˶ය
̴ĬĬغһ˼ԼܴЩӿԡ
ǳսѾķѵòˣȻһһȫǣ̴ûжʤ㡣
ֻĹСʵܷһ
Ӧÿ԰ɣϾɵġ
һȥǱº˵:ʥϣλͬһȥǰɡ
̴:ΪҪһȥҿǾӡ
ˣ׻Ǹˡûв֮ǰºȷյһɱûķݣδУֻ᲻©˷δ֪ıʵ̫ˣ̴뿪Ҳһв
ºĴ㲻˵иӹûʵĽ:ΪŸӦôȥǡ˴ʵ̫Σգ˭Ҳ֪ǰͷ᲻׷Ƕˣ˭֤λİȫأһͬУƽ֮ɱԻظУڵıô㣬Ѳɻ̿Ͳɣ
üһ˵ͦ˵ġ̴ЦЩѱſ:ҲԸأ
ºЦЦ:ҲΪá
Ϊã̴۾
ºֺá
ȡֻ֣ǵĲΣбһпܻڵ鷳Σա̴ԸԸ⣬º˵ҪҲڿǵķΧڣֻ𱣻誵İȫɡ
̴ҧֿ誡
һתЦŵ:㻹ǵİɣջؼҰˣֻкôûлģǻܺ㲻ɣ
˵ǽһϺˣ̴롣
һʱ䣬̴ֲǺǼ顣ôλεİˣͲСʵۻʶһ㣬ɼˣСʵԾɽˡ
ݰ
ԼȹΣת۾Ͷ𱨡
첲šȣ̴вһֻֿܷ֮ͨԾѡ
ظڶںͷ
һ·̴֪ӵôɵˡЩǳԵĺȵģֻҪ誺ߺȫˡ
һ·ǻĽҰ룬䣬ڼǾ͸˵ˣΪ˷ֹϴ̿ͣѹҽС
¶޵ģȴҪ誸ѵʱõöࡣ
̴õľһĿӵӵûƲӲӵģһƤѾ㽹㣬ʳָ󶯡
ŵֻ㡣ƽʳģϳȴõ磬Զᵽζ
Ǹ·㣬ϳ課ӡʱǿʥˣһٱһٵģ˶ˣɫҲЩƣίʵ˹ӡ
ϳתľ֦һ߿⣬һͬ誵:ʥʲôֻҪɽеģ¶
ҪôҰζ誻ҳأ⻰:컹ɣζٶٳԶ塣
ϲáϳʮйʣʥϲվǶĿޡȸʵͻǰǸһֳûжܱȵϡǹеĴҲδرǿɡ
ϧĽҰʩչҪġ
̴Ÿӵģ誸һĽ
Ҳ֪ôѵ˵ġ
ͷ·飬̴û뵽Щ˶ӦûпڵģҲǽȥˡڳԵûί誣ƥҲࡣ
ǵˡ
̴ֲɵ÷˼Щɾ̫ڲͬĹˣܲĹ͢ЩҲôһ԰ɡ
Ӧܵġ
ߵ;У誵һ
º㹻Լһж࣬Ҳоա
̴֪º˵һ:ҿʲôطûȥʲôҲû
ǻɣҲûҪɵͷϡ
ºʼҲû˵ʲô
˴ηĴ̿в٣ºһԭȹɱĶʿҲڲʲôزͬǾһǸ١
ŴУºûҪء
۱ƹȸҲǵʲá
º˵ʱ課ԶںӱߣżĺĶһʼǸһٻġˡӲúܣйºֱɱʾԼʲô˵
ڱºεðسԼݡ
ԭҲˣ汲ʮǰͻȻ˵ҵһλСӱλ׽ȥϵ¶ַˣСӱ𡣡
˶ѣºš
ȷʵˡӲŵ
ô˵Ƕˣ
Ҳġ
̴üͷֱȷûмЩˣӦλʵ۸飬ǲһ׼ȡ誵
ԶֻЩϵİϷ
ˮһˡ
ΪУ̴жԽܵ˽ˡȻǵ񶼻ء
̴ôһ·ͬʬһֲϦϦ֪Լʲôʱܻ
̤ϴϰ׷˺֮ǲŽǰ
ûסһ
ǣĹ˳˳ػˣ
һղǣ誸оĶã
ˣȴ֪͢ʲôˣûھͳף
ʵĹ͢Ҫ׻ǲܵġųʣµҲʲôˮ
ǵ̵֪һʰ
˱ΪָĳĹһ׮û뵽˼ѹûа˼ôĿŵشɱʥϡ
ôĹ
һ̣˼һġ
ⶼ۸ͷˣֱдһѵĲΪˡ
뿮֮ǰӣһĦȭƵ׼ʼˡ
ǰɣǰɣⱲӻû˭ҼһҲһġ


107  
ʮ˭Ժ
Ǻ, ˶Ѿڴ˵Ⱥʱˡ
˳У誹һʼ˷ܾЩˡ
֪Ϊ, ֻĴ齡
誵, ˶ǿһֱŵĲͷû˵䣬˶ͿͷŵλɫڵĹ
˶ˡòǡδĻʺɣʥϱ°һΣԼ¶ˣҲ̫˰ɡ
֪, µ˼ҹæ˵:λƽ, ޴˴գȡ
˶ĿתһȦ֪ûС誼Ȼ˻, Ժص:ݲͬסԭȵİ, Ǵջ֮һֱûӣطɾն˴ɨ
ǲʡİǵطֲ, Ȼٴ, סҲ, ˵:һסˣ谲űס
˶һ, ûб뷨
ﻹܹܵ˵뷨, Ըôһ֮, ̲סҪϢ
ʵ̫ˡ
ȥʱ, ºСͬ:λϢ, Ҫȥ, λ˿ʲô뷨
課:ǻʲô뷨̴Ǹ
ºܹͬ:Ǹնʮ򾫱Ͻսպգھӵڶ࣬˵ǸŮֲ֮ϽΨһѪӰͬѰ
۾:أ
λܷߣ´ؾǣλܷʲôС
һ£Ӧ:㿴Űɡ
ºˡ
һȺ˽һլӣ誱˴ҪȥϢ̴ȴӺͷð:㼸ʱһȥ
ºϣ:ĪϢȥ
̴ʮֲˬ֮ԱȫΪ䡣̴һ㶼˵Ļһ:ϢգҲգλ˵ʱҪúá
º:ĹһԶš
ǣ˭֪أ
ԣ࿴ᡣ誺ǺദҲ֪ºʲô㣬ʵ̫ˣƤ
課ǳܣºߡ
ºȻԸȴҲòӣ֮ǰϳڱš
ºڶû̴ų̴Ҳûж¾衣ȷ׼˵º誸ԼȸеĻ飬ļ˭Ҳšο̴Ǹˡ
ûдʹǸˡ
ºߺ課Ŵ̴:ƢЩƽϡ
һص£һȹΣҲйˣ調ɲϣ˺ʱмˣ˭ҡ
̴Ц:ʲôˣҲƽϣһ뱣סСء
˭Ҫˣúţ֤û˻ᵡ㡣
ؾݣ֪ġ
課֪ôЩ:УվȥЩҲЩɣͷۡ
̴Դ̬ȴʮּ:ܡ
䣬ûʲô£һʼ誻ǮͷҲûʲô캦£ƾʲôҪˣ
ͷˣûһ˵ͨģΪʲô˾Ͳܺƽദأ
ˣɣҷˡ
ЩʱȥѰ㣬ȥЪϢˡ
˵꣬誱ͷҲصˡ
̴ЩˬԼԺֱ֮Ժˣһ׽
ԱźѾ߶Ժ濴Ŀת̴˽ƯƯ˽󣬱ϺȻϡϡĺȲ
תͷȥͼѾ߶£һеضԼơ
̴ɧôһֺȻҲԼֿЦġ
ɣĹҲǶǸһᣬϲĲô
ֺ֮֮α졣һ˵ĹСʵ۲ԼȥнһѲɻӻȥˣ
ߣ˽ˡ
̴ɴתȻʣͬѾǵ:ˮҪԡ
Ѿ߻Ȼæȥˮ
˵ˣ˶λﶼʮֺ档
ģҪλͬʥϵĹϵ
ʵǶˡ
̴װףɲΪʲô˼˶ԷҲ˶ѣûʲôĸ顣̴֮ǰ誣Ҫº̴û׼ŭذ誸һ٣
һ˯֮ӭĻ̴ʡ
̴ôĿֻһؼҡ̴Ҳ֪Ψһ˵öġΨһܹģֻ誡ֻҪɿڣǼٷҲûá
ӵһֱûͬ⣡
Լţ̴æ˵˲óԣһ:㼱ʲôȳ극˵üΪ㳢
ϳģζúܡ̴˵ԼϡһͷһɰԵǻС
̴:
ˣȳ԰ɣԱܡ
üΣÿÿ̴ᵽҪȥõĶ־ҪôϣҪôתƻ⣬֮ÿζǳɹؽ̴Ūȥˡ
ҲΪºһ߶ǧ̴ܷȥ֮飬֮·ĹʮĴˡ˵죬֮󾩳ǱûϢĻԻ̴ؾݣȥּҾС
º̬ˣѹ޻˵
ʵºΪôҲ塣ʱԼǸαӣ֪ȴƣڳһ˵̬û˼ġ
ֲòˣΪһˣĹĻʵۣҪһҵϲãܻҪڼҹ֮
ֻЩԲס̴ʵ̫ίˡ
ºǷţҲѿӱ˾ǡдȥУ䲢δ˽ųǰ飬мǷͼ
뿮֮ոոŶζԸתͷ͸ǶԸĽڡ
Ǹմ˯ͷúܡ
Ϣ֮󣬼ةһϼƣõİ취ȷųϢ˵̴ѾȻʵ۸ּҾභʱǾ֮ˡ취Ǹð취ͷ۵ǡƺʥϹϵһ㡣
̴ʥϻͬ
º˶͹Ϣ֪ʥ϶λƽǿأͬԷһţƽð֮󣬻㲻
ʶĺ誵ĺƢƽڹʱй˲СðҲǾΪˡ
벻ţϵʥϵ¡
ԣų˾:ȻһҪȥǾһ֧ԻؾݣҪ󡢷ȥ˶֪˴ɱĹȣֱĹ˻ȥ
俴˿˵ڡһʵ۸λƽ͸ˮˡݱʱλ̵ܹģҲֻĹˡ
˵ף۲˼ͷĶʮ򾫱ɣ˵ųˣҲͦ۲ġ
պ󣬳͢Ϣ͵ǡ
調ãΪһҲܽλسĴš
̴Ҳڵȵɿڣϲ˺һֱԼܶԻȥһ֧ĹԻȥ
̴ԣţ誣ӺＷ:Իͣ
:ûԻͣΪİȫ롣
Ա߰ǻ:˴ӡɲһˣΪսԻȥĸ
̴⸣ҪҪ
ºֱ:Ѿ££ԸȥҲٶһ
̴:أһȥ
ºһ誶̴θ
룬ǰ:м仰Ҫ˵


108 ׽棩 
Ϊ
ʱֵ, ҹһιͥԺпҶء
̴ʱѾ˵Ҷȫɨ, ±һŽ⾳
ʱ̴, Ĺ˲ʲôµͦµġ¸һµƤ, Ʋġ
誵ʱҲúܣҲһ, һŹµƤӣʵơ̴ʯһ䰫˰, ȴʮ㣺ĹôԴ˵ģ
֪գԱ, ú˵˵
̴Ųһ¡
ΣҲûǰˣֻ˵㱻𣬱Ĺֲ, 㲻Ĺ, ʵۻôأ
㻹˵˭Ѻģڵʱûֹ֪, ֺαڴ̬
ûб⣬ϾȷʵĲصûԼѵ˼, ֻȻ, 硭Һ
̴Ц, ΪʲôҪ
誾Ե:жʮ򾫱, Ƕʮ򾫱类ʵΪ֮ûĹһ, ʵŹ㡣ôҪ˺, һձǿһĪеصȷˡ
̴㣬ҸĹʵ۶ţĹ֮ЦΪʲôҪǰڲ
̾ǰڲǺõİ취Ƿ㣬뻹ܻ㰲ȫôѵ㸸纬޶յģ
Ҳ̴֪Ŀʱ
뵽ף̴һʹ
ίʵԩһĴ̴ߣζȺ˱ƵģȻ˼һ˵ûԼǸʵȷʵݡ
һҪױģ׵ˣһһ
̴誣Ҫֱ֮Ƿġ
Ŀ̹Ȼ
Ҫġ
̴ηջĿ⡣
ˣǰԼԩͷΪβ˳ƶΪǵأãȱľ˺Ǯˡ
̴Ħʯĵ:ô
򵥣žһ·վռ긮
̴һ:ǲС
Ӿݵ긮ôƬط˵ռռ
誵:ּھֻҪ¶ҵĲ۸ߺȻ׷档Ҳһ֮˻㶼óֻΪһΪɡ
ΪΣ
޺ص:ҪʱṩһЩϢ͸ˣṩҲȫƾ⣬Ϻңֻǵɫơ
̴:˭أ
ЦЦ
ʵûа˼ԭΪһϵĶ˭˼ǸϲеġôһͲܷƫһˡȻͳһǾѵĸˡУĹڵĵؽⲻ˿Ŀ̴һǣ൱ڶһ̴ˣֻˣеʵۿɺöˡ
ΣĹһ
֮ܶ˵̸ûжãԾɴ˹ʶ
̴ʱºһСͣԼ
ڣֳ
ҡ̴˸ۣҪǿֵǮͶ·ʱܻӶϡա
壬һ̴ֱӷһ̤˻ؾݵ·
һǳɣ˿ˮ
ΪߵʱҲ䣬ûлͷһۣʲôǲڵġ
誻Ÿ첲ϴˡô˵ҲʶôãȻһ仰¡
һҲ֪²ܲż

öɽºǵʱ͵ʮ㣬ȥȴģһҴ󴬣ػؾݡ
;Уº㿪ʼΪ̴Ļع׼ˡ
̴˻δ㴫ˡⶼʵû֮˵ƵּΨһѪǱĹȣһѪûˡ
⴫һ£һĹóġºȻǵһЩҲʦͨ
º󣬴̴˾ݺͷķ粨
ϳ֪ʱչЩʵ:ΪʥƫƫѡƽҲǸŮ죬˷𣿡
º:²ǰǶʮľɵӣ
̴ܣ˼ҸʮּҾǶž˵֤ʥѡǶԵġ
ºȻ̴ô⣬Ҳò:ô˵õĺ󡣡
Լã
رŮӣʵޣ֮⣬ҲԶԸˡº˵ʵС
չԶǵһڹҲ˷
ͷڴʥϹɱˣؼ˻ûɱȥĴ̿ͻ˻׽ˡǴ̿ͿڿָʥıϽ۲ǶʮʶŶ̴ʹɱ֡
б۵ģȻû֤ݣ⻰ÿһ䶼мѭ
治ٵԣղܡеҪ׷鵱Ͻǲè壿
ϾǿǼʮıأ˭۲
йػҵҲϡϽеĵλ̫أҶˣͷʵ£ʵڽܲ
ߣѾʼȻˡ
ʵۣǻûĵӣм鳼۵ûʵĲ֮١
˵ĻҲ֪Щ˶ЩԸˡ
հݷĹι˵Щ֮æͱʵǰ
ʵͥٵǻѽꡣΪ˱ŭءʣֻǶԬȴδҪǲҲãҲգܹԬúõػϣֱͥͬüƱϽ
ֻϧϧһλ󽫾ҲҪõĶʮڶû£ϡûУʼٸ߾Ȼͷԡ
ǿ̣벻̣
ּ⣬˵ƽѹǲǰȥɱôһñӿȥ̴ܲʹ
⡭²סι֧֧ᡣ
л˵
ͷԣ˵һƽѹֱӽ׽ãҪ̵ǶʮĴ
ι˵꣬Ͻͷ
ɢԵǸˣİѿصĿǰܶһˣȾԤϵʥϵĴ㣬
ιʱǱߵͥѾֱɨһĶ
ι˷ɹһֻյֻûƼ¡
ΣͥԸͨˣ:ȻˣǾ̴Ͻ֮ѹϲҲûа취ε£ּ˵ľԹ޵µϾ˴ǣѰҪ񡣡
ι֪ôһϾʥȷʵ̵ͦġ
žû뵽ǣ̴߾Ȼһֱʱɱ˾֪ݣ̲ţռ˾ݣһ·£Ѹײڶ֮ռ˽긮Ĵ̶չ㻭ΪǣΪ׾ѣҪΪ
Ĺİ̴ȱǮˣ˳ѾݵǮУžҡ
һҰһƬ˭Ҳû뵽̴Ȼôɴ
ѵ֪Լôʲô𣿿ȷˣôһ·Լ
̴ʯ쾪һĿɿڴҲΪٶ˻Ȼףԭ͢Ҳôɺ
ΪΪʲôأͷű˭ʤ˭һءвѾŸòͶγˡ
ʳճɲãͷһٱһٵģƸۣƽһġ
˵ƽ֮ıǿַ
ڴˣȻ̴᲻һȴδȻڮ٣ҿɶԳ͢ľηֱһٽ
֪º󣬶ιʥڹз˺ôĻû˸ʱùͷȻҪںͷҲǲܵģûãιȾͱнˣ̴ּͬҾ
ΣסĲҪȻ̴ҲܷŹ
ǧٰ֮ǣ뿮ٰ֮ǲȫİ
Щӿɲǰõģ¸µ⿪ʼóˡ
ϲôǾףֱӽǵǮҸˡ


109  
ǮǮ
һ, Ĺ׬ӿɲһСĿ˸ԣҲûǮǵĲ軹ǺĴ, ֻҪ, 㲻
һȥĹ˲ٰǮҲȥˡõĻǸָĿ֧, ǽ, ǿһ֡ӣЩ䡣
ɶĿǰĹ˵Ǯ̫ಢһ¡
ٰǹҵ, طȴȻһгͨӶˣ, ǲû֮ӦҵģԣǮǲǺ»˵׼ء
ã뿮֮һ, ôİ
ĹӶ, 㲻ֵ̫Ǯ, Ǯһ, ͭǮܶһ, û, Щ
мв, ׬ǮĿռ䡣֮ǰû뵽, 뿮֮Ҫ, ǵһ㣬˻ȻǵͭǮȡĹİ˵ͭǮͳҲҪͳʮ֮
ӻͭǮû׬ʵ⻨ȥô붼ʱгһСǮͨʵôȥ
ҲһУⷨӿųһŸ֮誺󣬲˶
誶Դûʲô
Ȼ֪ǱߵжٵͭǮ֪ʱиԺԵǻǾǮġ
ͭ㣬ӻͭǮȷʵ
誶ûˣ˷ŷĴ󵨵Ŀʼ
Զеʻ֪ԼҪˡ
ĴùʲôҪ糯ʱ˵챻ƨҪ
˭Ҳ֪λϲŭʥϾôˣֻˣ˵ˡ
ˣʱָպײĽʿ볯
һ¿ƽʿδڹ٣ΪûôĿλǣЩ¿ƽʿڸѧϰɸʦţѧһرܳˡ
Ľʿûʲô飬¶Ҳ׳©񲿵һʿű˲ϹϷҲûĿĴر㽫ףĸȥʷһ֣һͬͷһ衣
Ҳ¿ƽʿܲܵס˵Ļһ䶼û˵һĲֵ
ǽʿţܵίȥ֮󣬵ڶֱӸ١
½ʿҲȵģѾõñһƬˡûϵĽʿʲô˼أ
ǱΪнʿܹҫ棬˭ϵԵʱ̤ٳȴѹû˴ǣ˭ûǵһ¡
Ҫҵ˼ȴڹٵĥòˡ
˵Ĺ¿ƽʿ·ŵطĸ٣̸µʱһмõطٱȲþ٣ǡҲҪֵǣ˵ǵطˣһٵֶûС
ǰЦĹҲ֪Ǵ˭
࿼ԣΪʲôΪ˸Ḷ́ЦǸҪĹѪֲǡ
ڶգвٽʿϡϡظ˼٣õĽڶһ˵ԼӲʣҪԴϢ
˵֮ʾյֱӾ겻ƾˡ
ŪĶʲôܸǲ˵ң
ĳ÷Χôһ£Ҳֻ֪ˡ
ڵ֪ȥ֮޲ֱҪ誵ҲȰ˵ʣɰǰȥɱ誵ġˣֹ֮ͬɱ誡
֪ĹʵôӲôೡɱû
ΪıҲʸһߣѾòˡ
˷۱ˡ
Ψ誱ܽ⣬񻹺úõػţ黹Ϣ˵ձٰܻǡȻٰǣɱƨ
課עùˡ
ɧȻĺӲŸտʼ
뿮֮ΪЩܽ˳ֱ˱ߵĶ·ڿҿڿɿĹ˻
ⶫ·ֱӽλýҪĹĻﶼҪ߹һ顣ˣв˾붫·λԱϵĶƽó׳ʲôӣҲǶ·˴Թ׼Ϲ
ȻᣬȴǸųһģĺݣϲˣȴֱųܳԿࡣԭҪӹ˰һ׼֮󷽲ա
һ£Ҳ֪ⶫ·˶ǣƽʱദʱࡣ
·ڹ׼ϵƿ֮£ھǲ޶ٸ˴ʧ٣һЩ²ʥ⣬ϸȴһŲ֪ġмдһŸʼ誵ȥ
صúޣ׼ϻ֪ʧˣɾͲ֪ʧٵġ
ų˼¶ûˣмǷֱ
˻֮϶ʱࡣ߬뵽ǰˣַſ֣˵ֽƽ
ǰµ˶һ˵ͣˡ
һ˲ĥ˴˵ɫӦòǶǶдŵģСĽһ:ˣ˵ʲô
ûʲôЩϲ̨Ķᷳ
ûҪΪ𣿡
֮ǰǲ֪˶·֮ϽĵطճⲻҪ˴򽻵򽻵ĴˣػضĵĲС
Щ̫ҪˣڼƲĹҡҪôĻôܻᱻƵӣ˵׻Ǹһֻ͡
ˣҲùǡ׼֪뿮֮Ĵ㣬ⲻʧΪһ÷ӣǻʵ̰ᡢ޷죬һİ취
׼оһ:ǰЩ˵иԺֽ̼ǮֱӴڽԺȥ˵ط⣬һԶǮ
ȷʵˣ߹зǮ
Ǯ׼뵽ǮƺٷչչǮײǮֻǽǮȥԺȡƾ֤ˡֽҳ䵱Ǯأ
ʵۻĶܰѿصס
һҪǮûеߵֽұ˲䱻ӡָֽٸԾܡ
׼Ϻһԡ
黹ǵͼ֮ҪǽЩȫͭǮ
Զģ׼ֻͷЩȵ˵ڶգ˵̼£׼չһİˡ
׼ϲǲ
Ĺ֮в̼ǰһ˵ֵ̫ˣװǡӦǿײۡ
˸˵òУתͷȥ˲ͭǮһ
󰡣ЩǮ˰ô붼׬ġ
ֹ˼գҲǸȥٰǡ
ѾõĻʳǽǰ誻ֲʵĸо
ٰǰٰǣڻˡ
Լڵӣ֪Щ֮Ƕôˡˮ֯װˮѡѡûУ
ԵϣԼù⼸£ЩʹǿǧҪʧĺá
ǲġ
л˵
:޻
С˵ոʵڸ˻˵һϸ£µĶ׽


110 Ժ 
Ϊ
쵽ٰǰ, 課Աߵ:ȳصԺ޵ˣ
:Ѿˡ
誵ͷ
˵
ǰֻͣ˼գǼղʲôѲһȦ
Ǳ˰, ӦûǿһˡȻ, Ȼÿ˲ߡ
֮Ĺ൱ڶĵһؿڣʧ, ĹҲû˵ˡǣһֱǾ
, ٰطȺ˷ǽٶҵޣ½½, ҵҲϴǰ˲Сķչǲһ, ҵȴǰû̫Ĳ𣬳ڹܿطǳϸȫǰվķʽġ
濴֮ȥתһת
ǵĽȻҲȲٰǵĽ, ɰҲȥ, 겢, ԼҲЩ궬Ҳûˡ
誻ũ˵, Ҳ˳ͺ, ͷٴ̹Ǯ, мҵ׸Ȣϱˡ
ȥ꿴һ, ΪʵûǮ, 첻ϯ, 벻ýţֻա
ǰЩ˴ǼҹѾˣüС˺þá
˵ʱҲ·˵һϡƽ顣ȴһܣһʱǱ߸ӵݻ޶ȵ˵ЩˣԼҲǽ»˹
Ҳûȥӱ˷ˡ
ôñһӸݣãͷһҲûгͷصĻᡣ
֮ûбٸߵġ֮ǰٵĶͬһȺˣ˻жӶϡһȺȵߵĿ񻶣ô©Ѱռ
ҵ֮ᣬûбȴּ̼Ҳʵˡɳ͢ụ̃Ѱ뾭̻ƣĻܰң
˵˵ȥ಻ƽͷˡ
һȦ֮誶ڿƾԼ˽ѧУͷԽǿˡǸƽӹĻʵۣΨһģϵ
ҴѿԴʱѾˣȻһЩС¶ϸʼҽа壬ʵѾ˥ˡǰ걻ŪȥͥңĻҲҴ壬˵û˾û˵ǰ齪ͬԹߵŵڣҲ˵˾͵
ɼνŷûлȨ
һ¶һǰûȻǰڳܡ
⿴ֵ˼һ߲ˣʲôȫɢһɶˡ
˶Ҫȥǳ⣬ס
Ѱһʵĵطʼй۲졣
ԭһһֵǣǸ誾Ȼ졣
ָǱߴµʵǲǴٰģ
˶һǳЦʥϺǽʿιȳòƽź֮
ź֮㶵վǶ˺һ競¶ź֮˸˰ɡǸĵСӡ
͵.˻Ȼִ֪
ź֮챻˷ˣ˵˶ٱ飬ѧԺὨģֻǮ
Ǯ·ûǮѧԺѾˣ곯͢ῪȡˣѧԺһ޽µͯӱһѧ£Ȳһ·
ܱȽ·ҲΪ˰գ
ŴˣĿֻѧԺҲϲá
ź֮̾һˣ˵ҼˣǮͽ
˵һ٣۾ɵɨź֮ϰڳһѿı顣ź֮⻰Ѿˣȳص֮˵ˣÿÿʼȱǮһֱȱ㣬ѧԺһֱŲ
ź֮޿κΣܵиػɣϵŵȳذյơ·յʳҪǣ̸װ
°Ҫ׬Ǯʳ߲Ӳġֻǹ·ãЩ˲ȥ
ѧҲ֪˵׬Ǯһûֹ飬Ϊ׬Ǯ̻ܽ˲ʹģ
ź֮ȥǱߵ޵ˣʵûնය˦˵»пֽֽ̣ջҪ£һˡ
˵꣬ź֮ϲñܵ÷ɿ죬͸й׷Ƶġ
Ҫ˵λѧҲȷǸ˲ţĿǰò˲šź֪̻֮ܲҪԣĹȳصð
ѧԺҪǮʥϵ˼ۼҾߵͶܶ飬ѧѿ϶ܸˡôһ㣬ѧԺÿһյĿҪԼǮýȳأôǮ
ѧն޹פΣǴͷɥ뿪ˡ
調ọ֮̈̄˶˭
λҲǸˣ˵һֺڳ׷֪жҪ¡ԭиԣֻǺýˣҿҾƶѧǮƱ㽥ȥ࣬ǡ
˺б£
ûУ˵һס֮ǰԣҪɽҪ̳һȺŹ֮
ǸǱɽˡˡ
˶һ
誵޹޾Ϊ̻ˣΪʵû޻˽ﲦһǮȳؽԺ
´±֪˱ˣ誻Ը˶±֪ˣҸͷֻǱ˵޽˽ġ
˶һЦģס
˹ȳأڶһ磬課Ŷ뿪Ѿʮˣٰǰȳص¶Ҳֻôһ䡣
ҲָһССԺܸ˲ţҲûָǸǿţǸ˵ĺֻ֣ǵĿһͻǹ񣬾ܼķΧڰһˡ
ܲʲôʵҲô⡣
һȴԶڹȳصѧܳ
˶¶ɣǲţʹ˼:֮ǰԼҪµһԺǰôӳˣ
˵Ϸӳ
ѧҲǮôģĵȷȷɽˡһֱԸʵ֣ѧһɨյĿƣܣŸúúôչȭˡ
ܲܰװ׹Ժɣ
ʵ֤ѧĿпʱģ̳ѧҲĿɿڴǺ󻰡
һߣڸŵųһ˵ȣҲڼ˹誡
ʧ٣˵ǱڴųҲûڳӭֻǴżŵùڸˡ
յ̤˵ڡ
һɨسǣǡòƶˡ
һ£Ȼ棬뿮֮Ŷסˡ
һ¶棬˼ۿˡҪ֪֮ǰΪûˣѰʶͻȻʧٶ벻ο誻ЧҵĻʵۣ
Ƕ誣ǿɶĹһһ⣬ؿɱ
ʥϣڻˣʧЩӣ쵣ĻˣÿѰ뿮֮ûųڣԼ˵һ䡣
űҺá仰Ȼòˣžһ˻ᵣô
ؼ˷뿮֮ĻռͷԹǸָʥˣһ·ûٳԿͷɣ
뿮֮Լ誵Ļˬⲻ۾˵ϹʥϷչ˵ļá
ƲƲ죬ڲԣҲһɣһôչˣ
زԡ
һҲ֪ʧԣϽ졣ʥϸλƽ¶ֻûһƲó˵ȷʵãһʥƤҪƽչ˹˿ôã
ϸһĥ֪ʲ˼߳ŭЩûһ
һΧðȺ˶궢أü۵ģһ˼
д
ŭĿԣų伸µŲĿ⡣
誻ǾԼðˣҪһȺ²ɡֻ֪˼Ĺ
飬㻧˰𣿡
뿮֮䲻ѣԭأӦˣֻЩæûü˱
Ӿ֪㲻ףһ쵽֪Ϲգ
תͷ´ˣв˾⼸٣֮ǰҪţǮûУ޿ٴţ
ʱæŸ뿮֮ˣıƵĳţ
ôͻȻˡ
תͷְìͷų˷ѣҲʵ飬ة໹ʡ
ųĬΣǣ΢ʡ
ض䣺ܶϵľٲ˵ˣҲá黹Ƕϵİɡ껹ûĽǾͱˡ
죬ɶҲû˵
ŲЦģⲻⱨӦ
һȥһȦֵ˶⵽˲̶ͬȵıӦ
Ŀ䵽ʱ誺Ȼһ
ǸбµģӹɣֻҪλöûˣĳʩչ˼ȥ긮Ǳ߸ʵͥ񶷷׵׵
ôһ룬誺Ȼ¶ЦҺء
Ŷλ󳼺Ȼ۾ҶˣΪʲôܵøЦ
ⲻƽ


111  
긮һ
⼸κη, 誻ǰǶˡ飬һ쵽¾֪ԵˣֻܱԴ
ȥķ뿮֮ɨ, ΪܻϲϲһĿĸϷ, Ź˶þͱϳȥˣ
뿮֮ϧԶⴧ⺫һﲻᱳǸʲô˰ɣ
ŷһۣնƤӵ£ŪĶ
뿮֮ʣ㵹Ƿ겻ɽһ£ǲ⣿
һ䣺ΪƵСǼ
뿮֮ñӶˡ
СǼǰɣҪʥֻר身һ, ϻָQñҪأѻЦڣ
˳˶, ˶顣
ԱµĺҲ֣ʱûʲôܽʥģôֻ
課, ед
̬ȣ˼, ƶʥˡ
뻹ʲôС¡
誽ĻȻ֤ʵһ㡣
誵Ҳû˵Ͼʳ˼ҲԸڣǲݱȥί˺ھſɾġп˵, ʼʲô뷨
һʸȥˡ
뵽ʥڽ긮Ĳ, ӱ纫, һ˲˹
ԭΪô
ЦáҲΪʥˣôûгȥ˼
, Ȼô뿪񲿴ô, 뷨ͱˡȥ֮һֱδʲô, , ǳ̫ࡣܱʥѡе, ǵ֮, ǰºǴϻ۹ˣȴҲгͷ֮ա
ˣȥǽ긮һ֮ϲҲ˵
Ȼ֪󣬺̹Ȼˣʥϲʣ΢Ҳ˵ġٰã΢ȥͷһ
誹Ȼ˾񣺡ţ
˵ͷʮ꣬ܵȥͷջ񡣡
ôˡ誵ȵľһ仰һõĵط
ʥ˵Ŀǽ긮
һɻͷ룬־ԺĴϻۿҲӦƵ˵һѣֻ¶˵Լģ˼һˡ
˵Ǽһĺã誵Ҳ㣬˴;գȫѾں˿ӣͷһʱҲ벻ʲô÷ӣôŹҲԸλƽǸѵõŮкܣˬйɺ֮磬ȺȹΣŵҪһ֮һ͢šƽŵùģֻǶʮּҾб뷨Ĺƽס϶ǸԼױ޲һŵùǰȥ긮һΪ˰ƽҲΪ˶סǶʮּҾ͢˼ȥ⳯ܵ˴εûԭ⣬ô룬Ҳһ׮ͷ¡
誽֮࣬ȷƵһ䣺㵱ԸȥǿĹֺȥ
ɫƽһŮ֮΢ֺξأ
˵úã޵ĺ䣡
һƬȣĳϹȻˡȥˣҲͲٷˡԺԴ϶ܰλթĹʵ۸ѹģ
֮󣬾պƲ٣ЩӣѡһͷжעĿġ
ںİȫҲǵҲ׵ˡޣΪ˱ϺİȫֱӴȸгʮˣ֣ΪףʮСӻȫ
ȵЩ˱¡ʲôʱ򣬺˳ĹЩȸܸһ
誽⼸˸ʱ򣬺û˵г𾪻𾪡
û뵽ʥϻһ֡
˵ǰ鲻֪ھӪͷѵʲôֻǴýҲ޷̽ʲô񿴵Щȸʲôˡ
ظȸ뷴ĸ˵ÿ˵ŵ㶼䣬ȻǶ˽⡣
ȸʥϵֱʡҲǣĹڳ¶жʥڲ֡
ʮȸ໤֮󣬺㡰šˣòѰҽβ
ϧѣԽͳ˳ǣĹְˡ
ⲡ̫ͻȻһʼ뿮֮ȻڿЦ˸յʥϿоͿʼûһ죬ԷһˡǻûüʲôֵõϢ˵ֱӻβȥˡ
ϡ档
뿮֮Ƥ誺ȥǶõȴ誷Ļش𣺡Ƕ˵ǻȥˡ
ʲôôͻȻ
ʲô֪ĻͰĲκˣõŵȵڣ課Ը˵Щ飬һתǰ´ҪɫƣչˣôţǱԾ˿أ
뿮֪֮תƻ⣬òش𣺡ⲻǻûʱʥƺ˰ɣһ£ػүү̵ġ
΢΢һЦôĿԴ
뿮֮ػ֮Ŀ⡣
˵飬ʲ⺫ˡûģ֪϶ôͻȻˣһʥϸ˱¡
ЩԼ֪ˣ뿮֮ҲûҴ»誵¶
ֻ֪֪ĻˡʮպĹһλյĽʿԶڽ긮̴һ˰ͶĻš
Ÿºһ޵ʮ̴һЦӹİҵģ
֮Ҳֻһ֮ġ
̴ŶԷ㣿
ɫ벻ܣβԣ
̴ջţҲջشĿ⡣ܱǸСʵѡ͹Ӧмֱµģǲ֪˱ж٣̶ֳˡ
Ȼˣβϣ̴ȷʵǹʵһѵֻһ׮ֵ£ѣ֪ܷҽĸ󻼣
뽲


̼׬Ǯ
ÿǮͨʵǺСһ֣ģЩ˵ĿڴȻڸԵĿⷿС
˵ظ񣬲˵ظ̡
˲Ǯġ׬ǮĻᣬֻͭǮĹİҲǶҵòҹִ˲ƣ
̼֮仹˴Ϊ±˶ҵö࣬Щȥÿֶ̼ϷϢ֪׬Ǯĺȥ
һȥΪֻԼһ֪Ĵ̼֣ѾĹݹյȫգθװñˡ
ûĹҲˡ
Ҫ˵ϢͨĪˡ˾ͽĹ˶ҲѡĹĽŲǵӻȡͭǮ
һʼǶʱ䣬˶˵ķˡ
ǾòĹӻˣӻˣֻӶˡ
Ǯ׬ɵӣ˭֪»ػûأΪ׬ĸǮĹͭǮһո߹һա
˴ӣ벻ô࣬ΪǶҪľȦǮ
ȦȦţǺȻ֣ƺЩԡ
ѵ̫
治ǣһҲǵĹ͡
ȵԼ˵佻˲ͭǮûͭǮʱѾӰ쵽̵ʱһȸоס
ֱ̫ˡ
벻ͨΪʲôôǮͷǾȻȱǮǵǮĶȥˣѲɻܱ˲ɣ
һڰϣ飬ظ޲װף
ֹסӡ̵УòᡭĹǳİɣ
л˵
誣ûĹôⲻ⣬ģ


112 ֽ 
Ϊʲôֽء
ֻһɲԤ, Ԥгˡ
¾Ĺģ
ȻϿĹЩģⱳ󾿾˭ָʹ, Զû뵽, ȻҲһţǰôûĹô׽ءĹʲôѧһУӦ𣿣
鶼ջ, ˡ
ûסƿڴһ֮ķѾ׵ԺˡֻҪĹϹϵ¶, ˲ֿڡ
һ㣬ôûͨǮûôģŰȥǵͭǮ, 
ة˵ͭǮ󣬵õĻͭǮ
ͭǮ֮, ҪҪˡ˵˴ڻҲòϡôСЩһֻͬͭǮ
ȴǷⷬ˼, ȴҲʲôû׬, ͼʲôܲͼǮɡ
ǱûǮأة෴ʵ
ס
ةأԭֽ, ֻĹȺѾˡĹرģ۾ݲɳ, ˽誽˳ȥ, Ȼ, ԸǮҲҪð˷, ¾ĹȺ˾ƵĽˡ
Ǹû׬Ǯ, ֻΪ˸¡
ةΨһˡҲΪ, ŸͷۡĹܸǺദģֳ׮£ȻǱϴ֮
磺һĹ£ټϸǾʵмˡ
ԼһѣǹԮǻ𣿡
λƽȻ췴ѾͷöԹ˲Ͼγóǡ˵һǽͷݣԭ׽Ĺ۲Ĺ֮ŵԶšСˣʥֵĹǱʹӿôã
ҲУҲУʶ챻ˡ˵УܵøһСķӰɣ
ʱǳͦһ˸ĶûСŭʲôã
ة˽Բ
һԼ˸Ӧ֮ߣ𣬽ֹ̼ĹͭǮףΥ̣ţ
ةȥּ
ʥּϣֲɵ෴ǻضһЩĹ˵ĵΪ׬ǮС֮ÿÿͬĹ⣬ƺֻĹ׬ǮתҶǮ׬ǮʵȺ̼Ҳ׬˲١
Щ̼õҶʹ֮󣬽װľףԸ߼֪ж˵˽ЩװϣȥܱߵĹ
ðչðգֻҪ׬Ǯʲô¶Ҳһһʥ̸ּף
ʾһĲ룬ʵȴǣĴûǰûֳ£Ϊͷûжٶ֣Ĺ֮Ⱦӵһʲô֮ϣ˳ȥ嶼ȱֱͦȴͬˣȲĹȲˣѾǵһˡ
ЩĵûаȫУΨһıƴǮ浽ǮΨһܱĶڱģ˵ѲҪˡ
ĹߣҲ˵˴
¶ˣǽҪô
뿮֮ţ׬ǮôƵסأֻҪ׬ֵǮ㹻࣬øաһʥּˣûڲϣЩ˲ģʥصġ
ˣֻѡ仰
Ƥ誶ǵȡ˰ԼʼֱӸԤĽףδ㼫пܰѹ˰ȥ
˵˻ôƤϲСǣ
ͬŵг󣬵ҲܰѼŵһͷģܲʲô׬Ǯӣ˵ĹǱߵ˻Ὣ߾ǵǶ⣿
ҡҡͷ߾̫ԶˣĻ̫㡣
誾ãⲻӦûǽͨߵĲ㡣Ĺĺ̫ˣͬûСԺ뿪ٺóףҲеڡ
ҲܴģͺˡһƬطǿĽ֪˶ٱ
Ҳֻһ£ĿǰĹʲôǲʵʵġ
Ҳ֪ԼͿ϶벻ʲôöԲߣǽƤ˳Ÿ뿮֮±㽻ˣ˷˵Ǳ߻ü⣬ӲĻǻв٣ֻóȥþˡ
ǲصģ˽⣿ſɲ˼誵Ǯֻ˵ڵӹá
ȷʵãΪв˾ÿն׬ӡ׬ӣͻͭǮ˷·ѭҲûô
ûпȴ׬ˡ
ʱ䣬Ϊ׬Ǯ伫ڳ͢һʥּ˵ͬ衣ǻԼͭǮ׬Ĺӣɳ͢ʲô£
ϣһǻ仰˽ȴ֪͵͵˶ͭǮȥĹĹļǣѾؽˣϲΪ¾͸淢ǡ
ָ̼ͣõͭǮҲԽԽˡ
һʼ˲û̫⣬ֱõǮԽԽ٣һǮȥ֮ѽˡʳǴ̹ʾȻ඼ġӪӿűǮ󣬿ܲһǮһͷɣ̫˷ˣ
ڴ󲿷ֵİ˵ԶûͭǮʹ
ÿնһʣЩͭǮһյĻѣԽԽþ
ЩǮ˵ĻǵĶȥأ
ͭǮˣֻԽԽ⡣ǳ͢Ѹٽֻ仹Ӳ
Ҳ֪̼Щ˽ΪŽֹΪץס˼ͷݺݵسһ٣ϧЧ΢
ة˲ݵҡͷ
ǶĹûӮǰӮˣθ˵ˡĹʵٻʹʲôıƣõƩһʹıƣԸףͷ۵ġ
ؿڣ͢һλյ˹ְСʿԫǡ
ȲĽʿҲֱܹӸʥϽа塢ֱôɡԫǼҾ˵϶ãΪڳ͢㣬ÿնĥϷ
һֵԫǻһȥһһⷦȲʱۣ˵¡Ǯġһ¡
һ˻ʴʣ˵Լиð취
ԫ֮Աǡһƽͷʲôð취˵ʰ۶ѡ
˰ˣһţİɣ͵ˡ
ԫǲ
Խ˵ԽԫǺȻЦˡ
²յ䡭
һպյһֵֹ顣ܳһ֮סˣæ˽λ¿ƽʿ뵽
ԫһ̤鲻ɵׯûվʥȲ˵顣
صļְ
ԫ⣬ΪµõʥϿأǲûйôŬ
ԫǸԼ͹ľ֮ſڵʥϣȱǮѾ֪ΧؿɿʯϸЧİ취ֽܲѡ񣬼ֵ֮ܶͬܽʥֶΪأ


113  
͸¶ıζ
ʶԫǵֽ۵˽, òƲûſ˵ʲô
˵ùƨͨ, Ҫ֪ô˳
ȻԫѾʮĴ㡣
, ڲͷ̸ֽʱ򣬾;ûȻʣôôĵӣؼֻ֮һϵĹĥ, Ҳгˡ
վڴ֮ϣԫǲ, ٩٩̸
ԭзǮ̼÷Ǯõúǳ֣Ǯֻ, ĹûУȫΪ˴ϻ, ܹ뵽벻ĺõӡ
ԫһԿ䣬ƨʸĵĻŭţ˵ֽ¶ܵǮõĶȥˣԱΪǮ, ͭǮΪǮ, ͭǮ, ƽΪǮ⼸û, θҲԵǮסȻôණԳΪǮ, Ϊʲôǲһأ
һ
ʵһӾͱȥ, ǰ, ΪʲôǲԼһأ
ԫѭѭգмֵĶֹͭǮһ, ΪʲôնͭǮΪĹĳͭ͢ǮΪηǵһأ, һ֮ǴеĶֻҪһʥּֽ޼ֵ𣿡
⡭Ҳδɡ
˼ȻǱƻˡ
ԫٽֽ˼ֽģ㣬СҲ԰ճ͢˼гϲȱͭǮôǾȷСֵֽȶɹǰѹءԺսŷֽĹڿ˼ǹȥǾǰеͭǮȥˣҲǲûǮõġ
ããŷˣȻ
ʸơ
ôûôõķأĹѾ˼ǣѵǾֻܱ򡢲ܷô顣
ƾʲôܷƾʲô
ֽõķ֮Ϊβأ
²˳٣ټȺֽͬķС
ԫΪһߵߣȻر
ûãة˱㱻ٽ˻ʹʼ¸߰ؽֽ֮
еĶЩǣΪģʵĹ˿ˣòʼԫǣԵ⣿
ԫǵȻ˵Լͷĵģԭȳ͢˵ûͭǮ֮֮¹ٱ硢˼ƾֽ֮ⷨ¹Ѿĥ˿ˣտ׵󣬷ʥϡ
黹ùŹ֣ⷨӹһģ
ʾĥĥģʵûһӣ˵ҲԽԽˡ¶ܸ뷨ӣĺȡ֮ʶ֪ʲôãǲһʣʲôöԲߣ
ʵϵҡҡͷ
ߣȻûУʵԱߴẓ̇ػˣ
ԱµԲ졣
ʥȻȴûйôˣ
ǳ⣬ԼҲ֪Լʲô׻ǸʶȤģ֪Լϲȥٿˡ
ʵ˵ԫǣһЦ˵
ԫЦˣЩ⣬ֽҲۣⷢӦƶɷרŵţҲҪòֿ⣬װ˹ֽ޷ʹõľֽֽóΪĹͳĻңӵиͭǮͬȵλմδ˵ֽǣֽӦڹԱ̼У͢Աٺ»Ϳֽ
һ䣬㶯˲˵档Ȳ˵ֽҾܲеͨеͨƮƮһֽͭļֵԫǿڿ˵ٺ»ʲôģ
¾˷ˣҷԵС
һһ䣬Ѿҳһˡ
ԫǣʲôģ
ҲûдǸϣȻΪηԣ˵˵ȥΪԼ룿
ʵĲͷˡ
ˣǿƴϣĹ񣬿ƲͭǮȫȥǲĵġΪ͢ǵܽ޵ȼü֮˶Բߣȴ˽ɽִⷴԡһսɽˣЩҵȥײ𣿣
ŭɶǿˣЩûһģ
һˣȻǣ
ôţٿԫǵʱȻ˳ࡣ˵ԫòƽƽȴһüۿס
Ǹ˶֪жԫǣ˿̸ȫǲֺáôֺõ飬ة໹òʲõĿվʵֽ޼ֵ뷢ٶɳ͢ضʧءϡΪֽҲһģֽһ˾ͲֵǮˣʱ۷ǣ˵ô
ôӵ۾
ûʼؾ˵ɥ˭ûӡǮ棿ΪӦӦ˵ʵ۵ֲûˣô
Ȼᣡ
ᣬ͢ᡣǴˣôɴأ
ɼةʵĻж
ɷةһҲšʣҲųֻ֪͢һһʧȥԼ˵һ𶥵Ĵ
ȻûܴǾ
ԫǵҲû뵽мּǵģһ뵽һĵӣ˷׬أԽΪ׼𣬷һֽͬȵĽЩΪ׼רŵĹ⣬۷¶ȡáˣϷеֽȲ࣬Ҳ٣ةΪΣ
ةһ£û뵽ԫ˵ôһ
ͶٷԵĽˣة룬İ涨ִеĻûʲôɷġ
ϾгĻûġ
ʿҲ֪޻˵ˣ˵ˣ¾ôˡֽһǣͷة鲢Э֮ǰֽеó
ǣͷκ£
ԫϲԽϲǰּ
ةȻ˭Ҳûпڴùͷ
ԫȻϲӪȴǸĻӵģ֪ˡ
ةı¶֮ԫȥ֮󣬱˵˺û߸ߵŷة飬ٽͷǶԼһΪ๤ʵ͵ʦ
͵ʦة඼ôƣôĵġ
ǰûеõãһҪѧĶȥˣõѧϰǷةࡣ
չԫһ걸޿޵ġ뱦ʮ͵ǰʸǰˢһøС
ȥ֮͵͵ظة౸һݺ
ȻˣͷʥϾȫȨġڷة֪֮ҲûеڴԫǾãλة˹Ȼܴ
˵˺Ļỹࡣ˲ţԫǸ
ܷةǲƲˣԫԸžţϾ󻹵ˡ
ة֮󣬿ӸµСˡ
ǲѲŸԫǺⲻͿС
¾㱸ֻǷ磬Ǵĵؽš½˿ְⷿ䲼һʥּ˵Ҫд뱦ⱦɴͭǮã̲κɾձ
һңҲ˵ˡ
ͦģֽƺҪγŻְɣԪʱųΪΨһķңʷϲγֽҾȻҲ֡
УҪûǴĻԪ֮ƺҲֽѲ˹ϵΪо̴ģӡֽңֽҷ̫ʧˣ
ֽ䷽㣬Ƿ⽨ֽҵķأ
һֵĲ調һһ㶵ģƺһԪ
䣺һԼģʹĻ
Ҳ֪΢ģӦҲة뿮֮ǡշ뿮֮ӣĵֻʹ꿪ˡ
誳Ĭˣò˵鿴˻ͦ׼
鵽˭أ
޶ż뿮֮ųҲ۴¡
Լû֣ɳǻ˭أ˼ȥ뿮֮Ҳûһжġ
ѵԼģΪܸо͸¶һıƵζأ
ڿӵĸоʶ
ųȻǶ·һλ
˵׼ϣ
ųȲյصСӿǸӣʵĺҿŪġҪǲţԵȶʱٿ
л˵
ԪֽΪҵĹӡ۷ǣĸ˺üҲû׼һʼҲеģûþͱŲùˡ


114 㣨׽棩 
ʣֽҺð
Զڶ·Ĺ˻ϻ֪, Լһۡ
Ҳȷûô䣬СľйأȻ, ֻһӶ볯ǵʥ, ôĿǰƹܶ·һӶͬһ󣬱ѹòա
Ȼ뵱֮ˡʥϣ׼ô׵ķŹǣ˵ûıƺ, ֻǸָһ·˰·ȥ, ȫԼѡ
û˭ͷҪǷʲô飬Ҳֲͷ
׼, õϢǻҪ졣֪Ѿ׼ӡ֮Լ˹ȥˡ
׼ԭûٵʱ, ЩΪáڶ·ԼİףЩ˳˳ˮ
Ǻûã¾˷ֽȳ
ȻŷԣȴҲ˽µơ̼, Ǿ͸ӲһƮƮֽˡ͢ǿ˵ͷ, ǲһ, ǻøĹ⣬ܲܽ˵ʱֽȥɣĹˣ
вֱ̼ӱͿˣôһ, ǻôĹ⣿
ֻͷ˼ǲǸĹ̡ͨ
һҹ˭, ƾʲôҲ֪һôõĵ, û
ԭ㻹û˵ѽ, ֽҵλ˾ǵߥʥϷֽҵġԴһľͰ, ȴǡ
Ƕԩ
˽, ҪҪҸԫǸסʹһ١
ⲻһ٣ʵѽͷ֮ŭ
⻰䵽ԫǶС
Ϊ֤ԼİȫԫȥǸ˵״Լ࣬ɵͷȴûһ顣
ⷬ˲乲γأڿҿһΪ񣬽ֹؼʱȴûһվߵġ䡣
ϧһǧնҪټԫǣʲôҪԫǳҡԫֵĵȷȷһӪģԹɫĹ̷ʣ̷õǸ
ԭȵЩǰˣԫѾˡ
ΪԫǸһߵģʸӼᶨҪֽҵĴ㡣
øȫϣ˳̵ʱ˵һֽңһһΪٺ»˹Աһгʽͨ
ֽҵĹԱиӦˣʱ˿̣ȴֲòű˭ʥּѾȥˣĶûøġ̼֣ܲãǿɲֽҵļֵ
żΪӦ͢Щֽװװӣ˽£ȴڴģضڻЩֽңǸŽ
Ϊٴμŭʣ䲼ķ˭Ҳֽң˿ֱҪ̵ġֻûſڽͭǮг˼ˡ
ʴ˾жĳɷ֣Ĺ۲ǵͭǮǾ͸Ǻˡ
ûͭǮתˡ
ѹ֮£˭Ҳӣ
ȻԹصֽҵȴɵؽţԭةൣĵɧҲûз
еһһιȥˡ
׼ϵϢ󣬱ǵķ뿮֮˴ţǲҪڶͭǮˣܵ˼ҴŻԼӮһ̵Ĵ
ų˹׼ϵţвɣҾ˵Сڵġ
뿮֮Ÿһ棺ôͼʲôأ
ųЦ
ͼʲôȻţӦֽ֮뷽跨ó͢ķֽңֱӸǵľðˡ
Ϸſأʲôųһ
뿮֮ȷʵӷΡ
ĵù׼ϲصԼ˺ȴԼЧ֮󣬻һŹ֡
ʲôҪǹ׼ϵ¶ˣԵ֮ǰľٶɵƵģ
뿮֮ˣȥ誸ǰҩﰵָ׼¼Уֱ͢޷ˡ
ɷ뿮֮û뵽ǵûϳҩ誶Թ׼ϵĹ۸иˡ
誾ԼʶһӾ˹˻˲šῡʵĹ׼ǰţ뿮֮˾Ͳˡ
˭ʹأ⿴òѾˡ
誸пȻǵÿ˰䣬ҲձԹǸˣѧһѧɡѧһǰ㣬Ҳˡ
뿮֮
˭ˣʥ˭
״׸ˡ
뿮֮һӻңȥ֮ͬΪùĳţһЩǱ˻ϱȳһɵӣҲиɵ
һ˱ʥϱӡ
һ£뿮֮ʥǰˢһˢøУпմæءƳٵڵĿƾڿҪˣǵԣȵԹľٺٵĿһͬʥл
Ѿˣ״ԪȻǼ⡣
ʵͣԭָһսϧˡˣ˵Ҳû˼
ָ֮ǰûôעļϡоǼӣųŵϴǸТӰǣһֱĵ϶ͷ׵ġ
Խ࣬誶ԼڴҲԽߡ
һƬ̴ģδ˵ܴﻻµأ͵ÿȺ֮ǰˡ
Ǯף˼ҵĵزס
ȴĻǵԣϵôãҲöԲסǡĴ󳼸ףÿնѧṩʳޡҾ׵ǿϳ͢ѵʳޣǶɬѧ˵һݡ
˵μӿƾٹȻǲѡˡ
ϲдʫһЩпǾ͸ʫ˴ˡһʱ䣬Ĺ˶ڸӽĿƾαԽ˿˶ֹ޵ݡ뵱ʩЧ򭣬ҲѧǵĿƾ٣ȴңûһġ
ǣֻҪμ˿ƾٱûʲô֮ǣֱ͢Ӹǰ׵ˡ
ĹÿҪϢǳ˳ƵģҲһģһգʱϢ˳Ʒһ
дĹ͢òǮյĻŰɣôϲ԰ڡṩʳްˣԼеޣҲӺ
ĹȺһССݾͰǸˣ˵ءأ
ʷΪǰ˵ļ湷ԫȻҪȰ˵ˡԫȰ˵Ȼһ㣬Ҳʱ֮ĥһλЩССҲǺϡģֻҪǮܰ쵽ʥ˺βıǸʵһЩ
ҪܶǮԥˡ
οൣȱľǮˡ
ǰʱôһѣúȷ
Ϊ˸Ĺ̨Ҳܲôˣֱӡһֽҡ
ֽӿ֮ⷿ飬ʸƾٵĹģԲĹʱ˶ؿ䣬ոЩī֪Ĺʲô㡣
ʵһγֽҵĺô
̫ˡ
Ҫ˵һֽң޿κΣǵڶӡʱ㲻سԽȥˡһֽ͵ôȵĽ˻㲢򵥣гһշ׼أӡپӡ٣ôӡôӡ
ʱ˻оֻ̣ҪӡǮĹ𱻳͢ΰѿأǳ͢ͲȱǮ
һ룬˲ЩԾԾ
һߣίεĺУ̴⡣
л˵
ʣա


115 ϲ 
ɴС
Ͻһλ, Ѧʣãı, սպաϽʱΪ, оÿÿ
Ͻ̴һֱҪշλѦֻϧѦʵλһĸͬáѦȻ͢, ȴø̴һϽ𡣵Щ˼˼ϱֿ, ؼҲð
Ѧʵĸĸ˫Ϊ˼լҲʱȰҪȥǷǡ
Ͻû˾ûˣѵϽͷ, Ͻˣ
Ҳ֪ܡ
һ˶ԡѦĳ࣬һʱԼʵڲ, ɷ֮䣬ģװȴ˭ԲסԲסĸ, Բס, ԲסŮ, ԲסһֽĶʦ
һŮ֮Ȳá
ʱѦʣԼ粻֮, ɹ̴λսѡ
Ȱһ, ûʧֹ,
֮ǰѾ, ̴ô¼, ں, Ѧϵͻƿʵ̫ˡ
ңҶϽЩߣҲǺõĵ㡣
˼ʱ򣬺̴ıʿݣȴ̽ѦʶϽ̬֮͸¶ԼĹĹϵѦ̴֪վŵľ˭
֮ڣּҾܴ֮ܲڶѾǸˡ
ͥѦҼݷΣգȥɷѪԻʲôɷ
һգ캫뿪֮Ѧʱ㽫Լйһϡ
һ磬صõ˿϶Ĵ𸴡
Ѧһҵִｭ긮ʱѦѦĸȻЩǣһƽƽشһּҾһսްܼ㰲ࡣ
ѦȻǰǵҲʮʮĹڽ긮ʵֻҪӻþ͹ˡ
һͷΨﲻޣôԽԽȥˣȻһŮ֮£ʥϸ߹ٺ»㲻Ҫ⽭긮Ǹƽܸ಻ɣ
Ѧŭˣλĸ룬֪ԼϺ֣Լ̴ĹϵնܵӰ졣ѦͷһγϣͲ˵䣿Ļʵĸãɵ̻
ö췢ˣѦģʲô˼
˼ǣ㲻ԸԻȥѦҲšߣڱд飬ȫ˼Ѧ˵꣬ɨˡ
֮ǰΪΨΨŵŵɱ˵֮ŷȫûҪõˣΪЩС¶ǱԹôԹ˵֮䱾ͲֵãһʼǴġ
ɿûΪǳķ֣Լһʦ֮ͽ
ԭش󺰴Уֱֲ׷ȥѦʵ̬ת̫ˣҲû䳰ȷ
֪ѦǸƢΨһʱĸд顣
ԶݵĽ㣬ֻĬһԲסˡҪأѦ¿ӦҲû취ڻʹôܳ裬ʥҲɣ
ôһ룬ԼʵûжԲסκˡڽ긮ҲǱΡȵ˵طλƽóΪֳˣλֱֳ˳͢ķţֶֺϸκŮҵˡ˵ͦɫģѡ˸լӣһסſɱڴǰլҪˡ
Ѧʽ˽긮ĵձȥݻ̴
˵ģ̴û뵽Ĺ
ҲˣΪϤ̴Ųҽ˼¶ֶ̫ûˡ
ѦͶϣ̴ûʲôˣּҾ
º̴׷ʺôշģֻ㣬ʲô˵ģϾ˵Ҫġ
̴
̴еɳ̣Ŀ֮Ǻų츮֮涼ڱصõζȻҪģǹʵۺҸףҲƼζ
ԸĹضȫ֧֡
̴һ£¶źǾҪʲô
˵ɼˣݣ긮ؽĹֵΣ
̴
ֵأŪأҪŹŹô޺ʲôΪ
ֽԺǱ˵ˣܹռݣ긮Ҳ͸ˡ̴ȴӦ
ڶԽ긮ҲûʲôоϾģȵһģҲԼˣʱٸĹ̸Ҳ١
һ̴⣺ĹĴ󳼶ôάСʵۣ
еķةࡢˣͷΪظ
ֹ֣Сʵô𣿡
ӴӴ֪ˡ
̴ЦáʲôӴֻϴΨһӴĻᡣ
ֵֵЩֻҪԼ̴лл
Ĺں浱ܣ̴
ּҾʾ̴ٻũɣ棬ǵɱ֮¡
ּҾƳǵʱ˶˵ֱֿͶͶܻͶ˱ˡ
ǲʱ誱˵̴Ѿݾ͡ݳ۾ϿڣҪǱұ֮ء
ּҾȹݣ˵ĹֵصĿռˡ
һʱûסֵ˼ȥһʵͥ״
ûʲôõģȴ˵һֱǺ̫ƽйԱƵû¶ģֱӱϴˡ
Ϊ誶ͥ񳹵û˺øС̫ˣҲ̫ˣԺ󶨻Ǹ
ôʮչ򣬵ԶѾˡ
俼һͬʥ
˹٣ȴûָǸһʿһݸó򱻷ȥ˲ͬĵطʵϰ
㱻ȥ˱µһԱͽ
Ե¿״Ԫͬһá֪λҲʲôƲ磬һ㶼ֱӽ˷뿮֮ǰ÷뿮ֱ֮ó̬ȣǺúһ伲ࡣ
кóЩĲ÷ˣ¶ˣں濴Ҳ͹ˡ
ЦգȺʿǾٶ΢Ժڳȥܱġ
ҸҲڵõʥˡ
ҲڼԼ뿪֮ǰǸ˲ġ
æ˽ֻбźʵӹġ
һȵطˮࡣ
һҲؽԼƿ˺첼ŵģǷɴʲô
ֶһ¡ûˣݷɴǰѧʷʱɱˡ
԰Ȼĳһηĳߵı誱ǿˮģ˷ɴڣʵڲȷŷɴȥġ
ȥһԵķɴܲã
ãǹͿԿˡ


116 ˮ 
ˮǮ
⾪ϲٳٲ, ԭΪ˱һģһ
ϲԽ
̲ס̨ɴһһ, ܿͷ, ɴ֮һηĳɴԭĽɴĿ, ֳתڼϣ̨ɴЧԶͳķɴ
˲Ű
ʣ̨һܷĳߣ
ЩԺ, ʥ֮ǰҪһܷİʮ߲Ǻϸ񣬱ûԿ˼ˣֻʵʵػһ䣺ûж, ֻʮɡ
׷ʣǶٸʮţ
˺һŵʮһ
誣
ĻЩˡ
ҲûҪһԳɸ, ϾܰЩѾ֤ĸˡ֮ͬǰв˾Ū໨ɣ໨ɵʱǰѷӶдˣɴʱȴһ㶼ûæ, ȫԼһ˵ĳġ
ҵûҸӶֱ, ǻвٵĺôġɼ, ҲĿ佱ʮһҲˣԭĺ౶, ɼ˽ĵ, ȻǺη, ͢Ҫܳ
û˵, ȴܻϲ
˭ϲĻأ˭ϣԼŬõ϶أȻȷʵûдﵽ誵Ҫ, ѾŬ, ҪĽҲʵиĽһ˿˼ڤԶԶġ
ʵ֪ĵֺγ֪أʵɴĳ߿ɽʵ
ʵأʥЩ˽ӽŷĳɴ߳Щɴ߶ӷųģһɴ߻Ҫʵ
ﳶ˳Բ׶ϡ
˾ȽһĮ̇ɴŮİרŸɴ
ŮҸӶ˾ȲѣǵӡУ͢ƺûйŮ˵ˣ˼ҵĹͷ¶أίһ䣺ʥϣҪŮĻֻ»顣
ʲôѰռбŮӷɴ֯޲ŮѲɻһүǻأִֽŵģ޻Ū˻ӡ誾ҵĸӶδ̫Сˡ
ΪãǶ䣺ҹȻǲԸģȻҳϾǼﲻԣġ˵ƼͶ·޸ָһ·ǻʲôԸأİŮˮǷ첻ĻоˡҺڣŮΪβܣ˼ֳҲһŮ֮ȴѾܶռʵˡɼսŮͬҲУ˵ɴС¶ˡ
֪ΪκȻ誸˵ˡ
ȻﻹǾЩԣʵҲʲôԷ誵ĵ㣬Ϊ˵ÿһ仰ôûʡ
ôľɴ¶ȸһԣ誵Ŀ䵽ˮϡ
ģһˮ࣬һѾӲˮ飬ˮҲСдô
ˮƽڵϣŵϲ˱һվȡһ˶ʮˣˮȴûһѿļ
пɡ
°ͣһͻȻһĵӡ
ɴҪǮҲҪǮŮͬҪǮΰɴĳɴȥҲûһʲٵǮǮ͢ǳģûҪ͢Ǯбôʡһһ㡣
ͷĵطǶһɣ
ԣȴǵ˵ͷǱ߸˵ȷһЩ
誾ˣ޻÷֧һǮŹȽֵ·һˮϡ֮иϹͬ˵ˮǼҲޣֻҪǮλˣĶɡ
ˮذ껹ѩй֮󶼲Ţ誾ͲЩǮյĻŵĸ˻᲻ġ
Ǯǵë޶һ޶ôˣǶǮԺ·ٳһǮʵǹա
ԽԽȴĬá
ϣԼϲˣЩߵġʥȨ·ิˡ
ȴǸ񾭣ûİٸнٳûжʵʲôأϽȥ׼·һգ˵ӱǰһգ͢׬صǮء
ˣ˵ˣ˵ʲôأ
ʵʵȥ·ɡ
ʱ֡
뿮֮ڼʥϽն鲻ˣûնã˵ҸӶˡ
˿ϡͣ뿮֮عȥӭӭ
ûпڣϣ˵ʥǮ¡
뿮֮ɨˣɨˡ
ǮǮǲǮ뿮ֵ֮˼˲һˮóס
ǮһһʡģЩ˵ã֪࣬ҪǮʱһһݡƫƫ⻰ʥ˵ģܲͺ
뿮֮ǳģȴӦˡ
ҪǮҲûܷ뿮֮ˣֱŶˡ
һ磬Ǯ㵹λˡ
ûΪΪ˷ֹ˻ˮ㣬¿ƽʿٿǰѧϰѧϰǼ٣๤档
лһ˼ῴ⼸˾һ˽ǲǻƳһƳ롣ⶨȻ˵Ļˣ˵ôĿŵ
Ȼ˳ġ
ӦˣֻϽˣһ̬ʼΪԴŵĹԱǰȥ·
ԭҲɲ˵Ķǹ԰Ƶģ¾Ѿˡ
ĺá
䴫Ϣģˮ·޳ɣǾͿʼƼ
ڼƼ˼ŻƼ˲ţȥֵ·һߡ
֮󣬻˭᲻أ
öܶ˼˶Ǻö
һһסˡ
ˮ·ô㣬޹һαƽػҪƽһҲǹ⻬ޱȣ֮ǰκһ·Ҫھ˸լӣҪլͷ޽·լסƱػġӡ
˵Եط˽´˹С٣һܲڼԺͷҲôһˮࣿԼûˮࣿ
еĻټ۸񶼿̸ϾȱľǮˣ
л˵
ڷżˣ治ףһĹ̫ˡݩn


117 Ǯ 
Ǯٶȡ
ǴǸСٿ˵һ׮ġ
ʥ֮ǰи, ֪⸻򣬸Ӧʱˬ졣
ˣ˼ۡǸȷǸǮ, ֻҪԼլǾͷһˮ·, ڼǮΣǺ⡣
˵ˣܸ͢, ֮ءģĸٸϵϵҪܱĹүס, ǿ֮ˡ
ߵһԸһԸǮǸʹ켱ˣǮҲյ㡣
ϾͷһŵĹ˿, ͦģµʱ򴦲, ǵ˵˵⡣ˮ·İӣˣ׶Ӵӡ
Ǹͷʱ򣬾ڶԷļҵ, ⶼǼ, , ԶҪǼҷࡣ
ϣ˵׬ǮĶǼٵġ׬Ǯ, סôõլأ
ҲôССؾһ, ɻʱ㽫Щ׵Ժ, һ˼ֻ⡰족, ֻиϽ̺ˮ·, ȥܼɴ
һǲ, ɸעĵطҲһҲû䡣·ʱҪԺеȫգһԭعĦ
Ͼǳ͢Ƴˮ࣬Ҳ֪ܽӡ
֪ˣǳ͢ôǮ
Ǹͦ۲ģҲҸ͢˽а壬˼治ÿҲû취ȥҲϵҲȥ͵
Ĵ죬ˮ·޵Ŀ죬ɵҲ졣ĹլͷֻҪ·ĵطһʵˮࡣ
չʱǡ꣬Ϊ֤·Ľʵ̶ȣλϰΧŸе·ѹһ顣
һȦת֮󣬳ԯ϶ûճϰͣ·ҲûаӰ졣
ϰˬش⼫ˡ
֮ǰĿֵɴû߹ôƽȵ·ǼҵլӵЩˮ·˲͸ˡ
ˣŴƵػȥ
ڶţϰϾ͸ͷĸ̹Լ˹ٵ壬гһٱ㷹
ϰԿЩѰ졣
Ҹ˵ָ֮߸˵ؽ˵ˣ˵Щ޷ǾΪʥϸˡʥһ˶ǸӶ˸Ĺۣ˵󹤲Ӷࡣ
룬Ǿҵ̶ͷûñȵģʥܹƫһЩһж£Ҳû˸ùͷ˽¶ָָ㡣
ȷʵⲻˣٴαԸӣʱ䣬⸸˵ƵλЩߵģ
úãԺҪٽ
һáˡ
ţʥϽ˵һ䣺֯óĽãȴеˮƽһ񻹵ýС֣ˣĹûܱС˻ɴˡ
⡭ԥ֮Ӧ£ȴӲԶӲʥ϶ˣ͵øеˡ
ʱǱͣˡԼԤУƺֻǸʼδԽԽ࣬û׼´μʱʥֻʲô⡭
ȻҲõȵ´ˣΪѾ»˵Ļǰ˵ˡ
˷ɴ֮һʱ뷨ἰһʵصĻ⣺С˰ɴȻѾˣǻ֯֯ЧҲͣǿŹķɴȴû㹻֯֯ٶɴҲûáĳɴֲܴϣ˵ǲǡ
һĺزǡ
ô˵ҲСӷ󣬱ϾҲǰƵģǲ׵ϵ죬һأѹԸĽڣҲСˣ粻˳٣ȥ˸һо֮ڣÿһСˣԸ⣿

ٲԸ⣬ǵôӦˣʥʵЩթˣ鶼Ѿ˵ϣҪͬͬ⡣ҪǲͬĻܰӲȥ
Բܡ
⻰õ
ޱˣʥϷģص߾ȫ
Ц棬ʵ۵ݻǺʹأС仰޾ͷˡ
˵ֿ꣬˱һԲԱҲЩ˵ֵӱǸӶܺγˣ
ֳˣһϲ²£ûб
ʲôû˵ȻҲˮˣʵڷʤ
ò˵ʥϻĲСӲҪ
ðĲŻһ䣺΢ּ
Ӧ˾ͺãӦ˾ܲˡ齻ˣ誱㿪ʼĸˡ
ҸӶҲԸæظˣ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ȥʱڰ뿮֮
뿮֮һǹķ·Ƿſ϶ȥˡ
Ըʱÿڰ
Զ֮󣬷뿮֮źΣеⲻϲˣʲôʱʥߵôˣòΪɣ
ɲУ
뿮ֹ֮Ҹûɶӡˡ
и״Ԫʥǰ裬ˣǽˡ
뿮֮ľҸע޴ӵ֪ˣҶӶ˻ȥ֮˵˲¸ϣԼҵԺҲˮࡣ
Щ˱ϰڵò塣լٷΪϷٳ˵ϰԼ԰Լ͡
ҲֻǼһˮ·ǹĴٶԴ˹޵ģӰ
ϰһֻǼУһ·ҲŢ״̼ڳˡ
˭ܾסĴ̼أֲǼûǮζ޲һ·
磬ٸ̾·ҵ˵ԼҲ·˵˱ļ۸ʵЩߣϰǲӣԾҧǮ
ֲûУǱĻûУǮ㹻ġ
ǣ˹
ֻҪˣٶЩôฮ϶ˮ·ͷĴԹҲסˡ
ָʥܸÿʹһЩҲûͷĶָܲͶʱܱߵĸȴѾʼ·ˡ
⻹ˣҪ̶Ȳˣôദ
Ϊ˶ԽԽĹٻ˼Ҳˮ·ǮһظߣҲ˱Թܵǰ˵ÿÿģʵһ㲻˿ǣνŽ̲ˡ
ǱΪ׬Ǯģ׬Ǯأ۶ඨٶһͲҪӡ
תһ£ǮǴչˡ
Ǯ誵ʱ򣬺ȻˣˣԼ龹ȻҲҪ׬ɵˣһ汻׬ˡ
ҪǰȻڵʱ򣬸ܷ
ʱΪ飬ɲҪͷ¶档
ֻ˵һжˡ
調ɲеô룬յǮʱͦĵģת־ͽ˷뿮֮Ｏ֣ھͷһ֯
誻ڵڶĴ󳯻϶ȺһöըҩҪ¹Ů
һһƬ֮


118 Ů 
ɴˡ
һ, ڳ˳һӦ׼ԡ
뿮֮Ϊ誣仰ʱûеһʱӦ, ĬĬվԭĥ誵⡣
ЩǷס, һճ
ĹʵûôȴûĸйŮˣοΰĳǳ͢Ǯġ
ɵʥ, ͢ʣһһǧ˫۾, ŮĻζµŮԳ
誵صޱ˼𣿡
鱻ҭһ£񲻺ϡ
㵹˵˵, һ񲻺ϣ˵¶ýһ񲻺ϾͰеһӴ˵Ů񲻺, ޻Ų񲻺أ
鱻ҵһһ㶵ģڲűȲˣҲʹٳͷ˼
˵ֻûȤ
ͷʷȴͦʥ˼ԹҲû
ûУѵͲƫҪһˡԹ˵˼άµĻ, ǶȻܽܵġѵˮ·ĳô, ໨ɹĳôǵ˼, ûŪľͲУѵĹ͵һͣԭ, Ͳǰˣ
˼ǲ˵һ, ʥϾʮ, ʥϺĹ, ֪, û׼˵˵ûķ, ȷ˲źã
ʥϣŮƱػĲȡͥʧϡ𢶯Ůһ׬ǮĸԸؼӣ
ò
̧ͷʱ򣬱㿴ʥɫһӾͺˣĻѿڶƵĻȻǴһ͢ٿ˵ģʵԭ޵ĳҲö١
ʷҲ룬ܽ˵ļܸͥԣĶȥܸǶĺ£ôʷ˿͸Ƶġ׬ǮˣŮӼ㲻ѵ׬ǮôŮӿŮѵ׬Ǯٵʷ˶ȥˣ
ʷԺ֮ʶԼ˵Ļе㼤˿̱һʹ⣬ȻϲܣҲ֪Ǹá
ʥһƺʧˣһӦһʣԵǹǸ֮أŮһȥ˱ѡЦ޿ķǡȻյĶŮ͢ԻỤǰȫ˵г͢ЩŮӶסˣ޽վȻܿڣһùͷӡˣ˵Ŀɹˣλˣ
ʷգͷ
Ҳûˣ֮ˬԸտڣ˵䣺ȻΪ͢٣͸ôհʵ£ڳһ߸ϵģ˵ĻһһЦ⳪Ĺ򣬲ȥ俴һ֪ȱʲôȻҲʲô˵ʲô˵ˣ
뿮֮ĬĬһСԼղûʶҲ޲𹥻ˡ
ڷŷԵЩһٲҿ˵ˡ
誵ÿһ仰ĿԼ˵ȥҪסˡ
յĴ󳯻᲻ɢ
ԴĹԽԽ֮ƺûһжڳźõķչЩҲû°Ҳ磬ÿδ󳯻ҲҺãȻЩˡ
˦뿪ʷЩ£Ѱ䣬е㵣ʥϻǺ޽飬ʱСЬ
ſģʥϵˣ˵ˣǳġ
𣿡
Ϊة鹫ȻʥϵĽˣӶѾ˼ˡˣȴĵغߣȻʥԴ󣬴ǳģͰİɡ
ʷ˸ؿڣ仰Ҿͷˡ
Ը顣
ʵϣǳ誻ع֮󣬽յĳдˣרŷڰϰţԼһ˯ˡ
ȻյθڵҲһѡǹŴִ³еЩĴ󳼣ȴҲܶһģҪһָֻĴĵ˲Ŷ顣
ǣֽ뿮֮нЩʿѧôˡ
誶һʿûһѵΪһʿĽʿʿǳĹԾ
ǿͷһļ⣬ʵҲͦģЩսÿնҪ˱ȻȻǵ㵽ֹӲˣԴ´Ҳǲ۲۵ִСһĳңȥлµ˿ˡ
ЩųĽʿҲȥϲ٣ϼʱ˵ܳΪ͢Ķء
誶ˣѵʿѵģû¾ʹȥתһת֪ϰչľʲôӡΪнʿľƮˣ۸ֵ͡˵һЩЦԷǵĻ
⻰ں˭ﶼΪžǻá
˭ǲʥһأǣԾһʼзԵͷҲᵱڽʥϵĶ̡
ȻǲĵǸ
ܽжô졣ðܻҪġǮˣҲˣҪõķɴҲѾˣ¾㱸ֻǷ
ΪԼľģ˶ˡ
ѡַҲڳڣѡһɽ£ֵԶؼطܱ߿ռҲԺҪĻҲ㡣
ҲǵطƫƧЩŮӳڰȫǻ᲻ԸѡһԶĵط
ͷ췿ֻҪڶ࣬ܿܳΡ
µĹɴѾˡ͢ҲʱھǸһʥּ˵ҪһµķɴֻŮֹӳ롣ʳޣףԸǰģھ׸Ǽǡ
ʥּ֮Ǻ䶯һ
Ȼ͢ȷʱʱðһֵôģҲûмأȣϻس͢ȡʿ¡
ﲻȱǮģʵǺ⣬Ҿعû˭Ըⱨ
͢һͷȣעڡ
¥ͷҲ۴µӡ
һҲж͸ˣ͢ؿʧ㣬ļҵĹԸͷ¶ˣ
ɰʥּ˵ģǽ˳֮㲻ٽӴӣôܽͷ¶أ
㲻˼ҵĹﲻȥġ
Ƶ۵ࡣ
濴ȷûԸⱨϾ˭ΧҲûԼŮǮȥˡ
ǲ֪ǣ͢չȫ֡
ͷйĶѾȰˣֻлһСںͷĹֻܰ˶飬ԹԼôЩ
˼ҵĺ統ңǳ͢ɳȥǶֻЩˣȴõó档ܱѡϣܸһʺôĽϧηԣٳٲ̤һڹһʱȴѾûлˡ
ͷѡеҲ֪⹤ж㡣
һȻȥˡȵɴɣЩҴһ·һ̤ɳ֮󣬾ȵͶû£
Ǿʶ٣ĳǸδš
ûǾ꣬ӹųŮٱ˼ء


119 Ʒ 
һĻ
Ůٱǳ̫ǰźĶ, 誼ֻ£ӳ̫н˹˳ִӹѡһʵŮ, һųɴ
Ҳϲ, ȻҲڹź̫˻ܸ̫桢͢¶ҲԺʥ˿, ܽʥʧ
ֻǹܽЩµĹ, еֶΡ
һӵķɴǽһڹǿۻң֪Ķˡ
нЩͷи, Щɴ, һʱǸоЩ£֣Ųˣû˿ôã
ֵȻǽ̻֣ܽģ
һ, ҲԼ֪ô, Ų֮̄ûǮ⡣
ֵ˵ǰͷɴͷ, ͵ɴĹء𣬻רŵ˽ηɴ, Ƚ̻֮ʽ, ÿղܻһμҡɴͷκϢöй¶һ, Ǯζдͷ, ҪصĻҲͷ, һἰɴ, Ƿţͷ
֪ɴǳ͢ģȸݲĴ͵ɴͷú£Ī˲е˼˭֪ҲҪԼ˾ẉ̂
һٿţżٸҽʵʵһ٣æʾԼ˵֡
֪ûӣǻд֣ӡ
񲻸ûӣǮģ˭֪Ժ᲻ᱻ.أȽдãгһ˻ôĵӣҲ
ˣ΢ŻŻҲͰˣŵ˿ɾûˡ
Ǹбµģǩֻ֮һЦЩɴͷתһȦ
ʥ̽ɴͷܿࡣͷʳøᣬһͶڴм䣬ǻǮ
ǲŸп⳧жɣȽԺӿƬˮ֮󣬸ɴֹ˼֡
񾩳ǵ˶֪ǮƵ˼Ҳ̵ˮ·ĸǮ˼ûϵĻ˼ˡ˼ҶУΨûУ˿Ͷ޹⡣
ˮⶫҲ֮бۣΪǮƵרƷ
ⶫѰ붼ģɴ澹ȻҲС
͢û˶Ǯ
ΪˮܹĹǸһݾη֮ġ
Ƚּ֮Ӷ׼ˣһڹпǳôãݹͷЩҪõöأ
ϵڱ£Ǹˡ˹ˣүʲôʱҲˣ
ɴͷʵʵѧգʵǷɴҲ򵥣ΪӹأԼҲŪˣ㷴ѧԼ˻
պɴʽ
һսֱ˽ɴĲϱȥ˸
誶ɴǿأԸ˶һȨϢֱ͵ܵ
Ҳ˼òľ
ϣĹԽԽչעҲֻŮĳӻᱻ£һڳ£ԺĹĹ鶼ݣ課Сӡ
õɴͷһյĳɹ˶͸һɷɵľ
ŵϲϲˮõĻϰߵĲӣɴܸɣĹ֯Ҳܷ㲻١
ø첲ͷЦǺǵش˱̣ɴͷɴɲĹ
ŵϲ⣬֪ʥǸڽ͵ˣ׷ʣΪΣ
ɴ϶ͷһңĳԽԽ࣬ǷĳɴҲԽԽࡣЩȫ䣬Щɴƽָʲôأ
ŵϲ̽ʣɴ
õ׷ӵ
Ͽڻءȵɴģ֮еɴ˵˾ͲֵǮʱǵɴ϶ᱻѹۣ調ɲ⣬Ҫľǵͼռгȵռгݶ֮󣬺ûлȨ
ʱ򽵼ۻǼۣ˵㡣
̵ػһĲ״УصҪҸ˷÷ģǺ׼ˡ
󻹵ÿ˽ɴ͵ء
һ鷿ĲɲѣдŶԽԽãд±¶ԼûīʵʵҲֶһ꣬ôܱȵϴСдëдأѧдҲۡ
Ҳ˵󣬵Ƿһûеġ
һţƬʱˣֲ˸æȥ
ɴҲƽƽȵضȹա
գ⣬н˱ȹĹŮù̶ܽˡס͵ˣ˴֮ദҲгöǳϵĴ
ôƽʲô£ǰЩ飬˻Ӧ֮ڽȺÿѡϽģ֮ԶĽ
һΣڽ֮ڡɻȱԼɲñߣ˭뵽Ȼָ
䣬ĳɴҪȱ˶࣬ԶһǮ
ӹǮ֮Ϊ̫ϲ˻ججģԼʱλóɴûӡˡ
ãҾǰ
˲عʵڵĺɰڼ߽˼š
ĸӶڼңȥͷ˻δ
֮ӹܵĻظĸװҩ
ĸüûмŮææĽ
ĸڳĿɺãɼϲûݻԲ֪࣬⳧ĳԺĺãǴģĸıΧĹҺòദǵĴ˶ϲϡ
ﲻסصͷããŮûôõĵطסִ˵ȴӲ׷ˡǳãҲˣͷİɡ
˵꣬ﻹóԼǮЦŵݹȥ
ɰһ򿪣ĸ˲侪ˣ͸ôࣿɴô£
ЦŵŮܸɣԱ˶һǮҪϵˡ
ĸھȡô׬ǮʵڲãŮһȥˡҪ˵ܸɣ֮ǰǱ˭ܸɡ
˵ܵܵͷܶǮҲˡ
ĸһʵ˶µŮ
ĴԲסŮҲһˡҪĸ֪ģΪÿպҩǮ֧ˡ˵ǽῪһµԺÑȱĵ࣬ɼˣϲ
ҪΪҾѣһ˫ŮҲô࣬ôί
á
ͬĸȴµԽԽбͷˡ
ÿطܿɴͺˣ¸ƵĹңԿǮˡ
ɴһºһ³ƷȻװϴֱ
ǱûյϢҲˣ誸θԣҹֲ̫ʹУǲһεˮ
˵׼еʱ򣬱㱻һͷȥг
л˵
ʵڰסˣǾȥȥҽԺθð̫ĥˣʹͷΪԼã֤ˡ


120  
æ
Ĺͳȥ, ǾƷˡ
ôȥҲϡϾ, ǱķɴҵҲǹ˻ϱĹͽɴһɴ
պ, ڵпЩɴһʱԱ꣬˵Ĺõɴ, ĹʹĻʵ̫ϴ·ҲЩɴƳɵ, ֱҫʲôɴ֮ߣνݡ
һ컨׹Ĵ, ·ЩЩԭͨɴ˲øô, ϵлմϱߵģв۱ĵ
ܻӭĲҶ˵ҲĹǱߴԹʵƽϲȵġ
صɴҲһ
ɴ, һ뷽Щ, ·Լĸܵɴ, һϸȴָоûʲôһġ
Ǳ˼۸
ʳȴҲ˾Ȳ, ΪǮߡ
ֹǲ, ֱԳƵǵˡ֮ǰĲҶ໨ɱ, Ӳֵһᡣ
ɣ㷽Ų˵, Ĺʵ۵Ѷɴô, ôˣòߵİɣ
˶˵ͨҲ, ɴҪһ㣬ôǺö
öɶء
ԱÿÿЦŵ˰ˣⱾǵóžӪҲǣЩɴʵֻǴƷƷߵļ۸أģɲ׬Ǯ
Ʒʼ۵ĶȲֹ
ǴƷɴöð
ǮȻϺõɴĶ򣬲ʼÿÿǵط˹ȥҪô˵ɴƣϵȵɴʮһԼ˶òأôܻˣҪô˵ĹĻʵۿڣϺõɴҲûж֪ɴš
֮ö͵òţ½б֪ˡ
չ˴ƷҲôĵӣ
ǮģЩеûģЩĶģ˵ͱ˼ؼңֳɵɴԼĵĻҪˣֱԼĳҪãΪʲôأ˻ʡһЩ
Ѱ˵ֻҪƷã۸ֹȥȻг
νġɴȥ֯󣬷֯˲ѰĲҪʵ׼Ĺ͹Ļһʮʮ٣ɴͷҲԽԽˡ
˭Ҫûɴ֣ǻᱻȡЦġ
Ҳʱ̶ⵥ⡣
֪˻ϺܿͽɹȥˣһڸõԼĸǰؿ˹׼һ
ȻȵۼˣҲȻ۽ʶģ¾Ǳȱĺá
Ǹʵˣ˭¡˭£Ϳ˭ȻͣҲз׼˹誸ˣͷһġ
ĴȻеģ
󲻹ôһˣ課ÿ֪ء
調˹׼ϣҸһٺÿ䡣ƽ˽ôһҲͰˣȴ
ԭΪҸָһ·ɴܷĳ֮߱ǰֶֻҲǽ˵⸸Ӷ˵ȷڸµģӡ
ÿʱ򻹵ÿ䣬ֻпƮƮȻˣǲŻŬ¡
ȴòҶ﷢ࡣ
Ҫ۵ģӲܳ֯ôǿ䣬һξ͵ǱˡڱڣǰҪûлôװףûйʥѿҲᱻʥϵôãʱʱ̶̿ǸӶڿˡ
֮ǰǺοأɻˣͷ֪жٿӣǸӶأ
ɶǣȳ˳ã뿮֮һһļ򣺡Ӵ鰡û뵽ʥصľȻ㣬ĽĽأɵúúʥʧˡʥҲ֪ģҪǻͷûãǵģǸӶ˺úŬɡ
˵ţ뿮֮Ƶ¡
ûߵˡ
뿮֮ˣƢֱ˿һģһ
ûõЦ뿮֮תͷͱ˻ȥص·뿮֮ѾԤϵˣΪģֻΪС
Ǳֱһź죬ǵĶúãĿڱҲãصóȴһɴҵסˡ
ͷǮˣȻˡ
¶ͽ뿮֮ˣǱͦæ鲻ɷ뿮֮ȴѴѵʱ䡣
ڷ뿮֮Ҳͷһˣᳵ·ģûʹӦˡ
ѡַͲڳˣھͷ뾩Ҳ̫Զܱȴ¡
طܽɴ֮һɴǱµĶ
ʵԶֵı£ȫԵ˦ƹ񡣶Ȼɴʱ䲢ȴѾľˡɴͷĸҲȳ֮͢ǰĹؿҪȫˡ
ȥ˳̫ֵͬĳɼ
̫ӼֱҪ̫ˬûк⹬һ˵̫һǿƵˣйȨʹ˭Ҳ̫֪ԼЩ涼誸ģΪԽͬһġ
ûߴ磬ߴ誸ϽףϽ󣬵̫Է硢һֶûȥó誾ԼͻСͲ׵ʱ򣬾ҲõԼɣ˵̫෴׼ŭʥŸɡ
Գ̫誵ʱǸ˵˵ѡһŮ٣ͷžǱߵɴҲǺԥӦ¡
ڱģᶼûᡣ
⼫ˣó̫ģµһء
誶ŵڶɴЩĴ㣬׼ͷŲһֵɴŵԺͷԼ֯ٶԼġһвԼıǮ
Ĺɴø𣬲̶£ռгķͷˡ
ʵ۱̫ģƲ֪ã˼ǣЩĹԣֺαذѼ۸ѹôأǮ˻ѵĹĻʵô𣿡
һ㣬䶼벻ͨة൹ǲµһЩҲûʲô֤ݣðȻ˵Ļʥ϶̬ȿ϶Ǿٺ
ʱǰӣοˣ
ة඼ˣĸҶ໰
ҲҪǸͣĹͼʲôһ֪ԼĿ϶ûǾǡĹ϶ġ
ڳĽѵеõľ顣
һĹϹϵ׼¶
䶼ĹɴʶԴĲѣֲ뽵ͱɴļ۸
һɾûǻȥĻˡôĹţȴֲԸ
ڤ֮ʶ֣ʵͥдһš
ĹģӦòֹһɡ
л˵
ɴܡ붫Ұʮɴ֮ߣνݣơԷƣݣ޻ɴҲ


121  
ʼʩӡ
, ϵжô䣬˼, ˵嶯, ̰ˣ˺ǰӣҲΪĹǰ, 鲻Խͬһϡ
ͬĹĶԹѾãȴȻ
ͥ˼Ҳò, ԭĹ޼ĹʱʱĹ, ȴԭǻǰ˲ޣ
ͥҲûǵ, ôǰһ¡
յʱּҾһ¡
ּҾԵѦ֮սǿѾ볯͢ͳ, ˵ЩӻĴ˲, ƺҪһ֮˼, ͥ񼱵ֱϻ
ͷв벻׵ĵط˵ּҾͷʵҲ, ֮ǰȴҲû, ·ʲôڱָһ
ͥƶ̴и, ȴҿ϶˾̴Լҵ, ĹǱ߹ⰲġҪĹ, Ĺĸˡ
ҪԸĹ, ȵæּҾ˳׼
ΪæģʶͥŵʱҲֱ׳Ҫ󡪡׼
յŵʱҲðû
˵ĹҪô˲ĺ޳֮ͽôţĻѵͲæˣΪõ棬ֲһһϦĳ̡
˽Ŀǳ
ǰͷռ˷ԫҲ˵ʵķơΪǰˣԫȻǽѵģ㽨
þò⣬ʵһţҪԸҪԸĹ費
ʺһô˵ΪȺ˾Ը¶Ȼһɢˡ
ǳ棬ûռ˱׼ܵı˭Ҫ졣
ԫЦŵǲȻҪܵģ߳һõӣʵ۲ġ
۾һʲôӣ
ԫ̽ʵĶ˵䡣
ԽԽǼԫ˵꣬һϣôûĺõأÿ䰡
һٽ⼸ȷľˡ
ʵȲסˣָæͥдһšĴ¶ҲǲԣǴ̫һЩҪҸ˹ֵͬõġ
ҲӦ׬رĺ£ôܲӦ
Ĺ˵мҲĹӦãҲֻ֮֮ʮֳ㡣
Ĺ˻֪岻Ĺϵ
Ҳûע⵽ȻʱǰȥϢҲһ쵽ţбϾôҪ
ųܹȽ鿴꣬Ļ誣һ˭Ҳܴ͡
ľǹڿε顣
һֱĸԱΣֻǰ齪ڵʱ򣬶Դ˲ģ˵Ǵûܹȳ̳֮󣬴²ŽЩ·
һֱףÿÿȥ֮ǰ̳Ѿȫ׵ˣֻǱ߿ƽɻͻڲ˻ˡϰˣӦκθı䣬һطԿθĸ
ҲΪϵ˽·ݡۿѾˣǿѹһзԵһּӽ꿪ʼʽµĿη
·һ˺䶯
ᣬȴоһ·ô࣬Ҳ飬Ҫһǡ²ܸıġ
ֻʥִеĻǻǰȥԣʥʥּ֮ة鶼վǱߣǵ˭ҲܵЩˡ
Ϊ֮ƣҲֻܺú·ʱܲһӡ
ԽԽµĿ֮ȫǾϡͿӵͷ
·ʵй󣬿αһһСһ󿼣Ҫдһⳤ飬꾡Լ֮Ĺܡߣڼ仹и³ĶԺʱʱظһ찵ãǱǾסǿǳԲˡˡ
ѹʵһܵסģ
Ǩ;⿼γϵһһֻΣͲҲ׾Ƕ˼Ŀˡ
ȺδĶǣΪ͢ʵûкʵ֣誴ʿһԡ
ڷ뿮ֵ֮ѧֽ֮Ǵתȥʷ̨Ӧһա
ǵ˸صʱմҲࡣ
ôҲǱġ
Ȼʷ򲻸ɺ¶ʷ̨ĺʷвٵġ誸ʿ˲ʦΨûǸʷð
ܾЩ಻壬ýʿǸ˵ѧˣ᲻аѱ֤
˶ŵװףϲϲֻλǰ誵Ĵðˡ
ⱨӦ˲ǣ
ðԴԹԣѧʶʷ̨ͷĸʷܱȵùʥȫȻЩ⽫һߣˡ
ðҵ䣬ʣ㲻˵ʥϲС𣿲ҴСЬأǸʲô
֪ôˣ
ʥϽǰȥ̵¿ƽʿʷ̨ǵϳ˶ڣΨң˵ʲô˼
ԥؾͿʼ˵˵ģʥˣӰҪܳˣĻ֡ʲôأʲôֵأʥǶĳԵĻǶȵģ
ð˵ƿԣʲôụ̂ɾǱųˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôֻû£ֺαԼ˼أ
ð̾û£˵ѽ
⻰˵Ҳû˼˰ˣֻıӦɣϣʥϵĶÿҲ죬Ժ˵¶ʥϲ˾ˡ
һ֮󣬴ðŻȻʥжǳ𡢶С۶
ðⷬûҸκһˡ
調Դð֮Ҳøˣ˰գʱյշµš
˵ʱռǵһճһһãջĵһһ࣬£յʳͷѾѹˣǣҲǻˡ
ʵıָôãֿô࣬㹻ĹȫճһˣּѾûʲôҪˣǿЩʳռǵչ֣޳ʽɢȥأ츣ǧǧڣ
ռǵֲѾչĵطˡеľûϣֵ϶ֵģЩ˾Բϰռǵζɺãһ죬Ҳ߲ĵˡ
һߣѾյʵ۵Ļš
ǵƵõͥĿ϶ʱཾˣͷ˵ʲôǵȻ˹մմϲ
Ǹʵ㻹еʶ
ĹǰӵĺӵͷˣǵʳξҪǵĵӡѵӶѡʵʱڸ߼۳򣡡
л˵
誣޺Ŷ


122 ս 
ʼֱ
ʹһн, ֮֮
ʹһĹʳʳ洢͸ľһܣû֪Ƕ١ʻǸһ, , ȥضûʲôֻģǸ˳ƽ꣬ضĹǵ֮, Ѿȱˡ̳ãҲȥ𸴡
ôһһָ, ˵Ĺˡ
ôһǳԲȥģҲЩǺ
ʵǺĳʳ, Ҳ֪޻̸֮
Ĺ˼أʱͲǵı, ֻϽͭǮý
չʳѪǲܵġ
ɹǮҲ
ʱ㽫Щͷϡûйȥ˵ʲô, ֻǽӶذԼĸҪн, ֮, ֮Ȱһһ
ûס, Ǯˡ
Ǯ˵ǽ, ͷܻܲҲ֪, Ҳ˼ʿڡ
Ǯſǲʹ, һ
Ҳû, ʵʵǮ, û͵ûȴƫƫ˽ѣҲ֪ĸɱʥǰ˵˵ǱǴˣҪ´޻أ
˸Ҳ͸ˣҲ˼˼˵ǮǻǮƽӣɾԹõˣȲˡ黹Ըһȵ˷ةǶȴڲǮ¶
ة˿ѵÿ£ʥϣĹôôҪȥأ
ˣʥôȴƫƫôʽΪĹǴǰĹ
ʿɲЩ֮ǰһβΪʹıƣǹһضӮǡ
ǿδأǰͷٻһսûô
ʲôѾʧȥˣԸȥұ˾ˣôĻ
°ֻûһƲأԼ˾Ϳʼ˥ǻ
ة༸죬ȴ֪˵ʲôáľʧ֮ǰةæʵʥϹ𣿡
üةͨˣԸΪʹ
ةĮҡͷϲܹġ
Цһ֪éĳʯͷֳӲҲôԽԽ󣬷ԽԽڤ粻ˡ
ة࣬ʵ۵ııҲá
ة֪ʿȴҪ˵Ḷ́Ϊ䲻⡣ĹıԣЩĹϵôǮͶȥδؾǮũɣϣ츣յһ£ʥ벻ͨأ
ʲͷذ֣Ѿ㲻˵ˡ
ة̧̧֣ȴҲ޿κεش¡
ǰֶһ£ɣ
񣺡ȲԸ֣˭йϵ𣿡
ة⻰֪ԼĲ²ûˡ
˻ʹةǡ˴ԫǡ
ԫǻˣ˷ة໹ͿһʷةΣ˵ǰղˣЩ
ةЦӦĿԫ뿪ȴˡֻʥԽԽƫǿЩ˰ɡ
ԶԫĪúһиһ˿ԤС
Աʣˣôˣ
û¶ӦˡԫǼߣʥϸյǮѾյôˡһٳɵģԫǵȻ˭Ҫˡ
Ѿ˹ʶѾˡ
ʵ׼Ŷ֪ʮ֮ᶯ֡ȲסˣûþǰȥĹҸʽͷչˮ
ԫʶԴ¶ʮֵӣΨܽĹ֪ˣÿÿµʱ򶼲Ա̷Լ֪ĹЩֶΣдŸͥʱҲСģͥǱ߽ЩĪмϸˡ
ηηţʵĹ̫թס޹ͷҲܱ֤˶ǸɸɾģĹûʲôϵ
߰Ӫկôܲ뷽跨ظ߰ϸأ
ϧûв©ǽǱصãȴࡣͥûֱӸĹ˽֪ڹ͵˼䣬󴫵˺С
ֻֻƬǼ֪ʲôҲ⼸еˡ
²˳٣дŸ֪誣˿ӱҹ͵ٰǡ
ոſ꣬üͷûɿ
׻˵úã͵ǡھСۺĹҪֳ¡ֻһ޴û¶ҪǴһζͶ治ֳ֪ʲô
Ĺ滷ʵڲʲô£ǽ̴Ϊߣ㲻ƿҲմ롣ĹĴܺЩ
ʸһš
ǿأʱˡٳһݣ̴˹֮áʲ׶׳ĵʳҲֻ࣬á̴ӣ֮϶ҪֵģʱٹٸƶҲȱʳ
дֽ֮շµóֿĦ顣
ʱﲻšûпƬֻ֣Ҳüûüëˡ
øмԼſҲҪǨȥ㣬Һһ
誵ǰ˰ӼһһҹĹ䵽˺С
գ̴鹥֮£Ĺ͢ṩݣ̴ֻһĹǾˣ赣ġ
̴պ󣬾սپҹ㹥ǡ
֪ʲôַֻʽĽ࣬ͥû취ˡ
뿪Ѧص˽
̴ôˣѦʳòŵĹˣô
̴Ц벻ţҲû취˵ҵĹѣ˴֮ô£
Ȼѡ˽ĹԮ̴㲻Ǹ׾ΪͥĲ¼ɱ̴ԸԼҲͥ
ּҾսһǳġ
ѹּҾӭѶˡ
Եһ磬ͥ׼Ĺ֣ͷ˽֮ŵּ֪Ҿڽݡ
⻹
ͥʱĹͷ׵˾⡣ĹĿҲȲּҾ
ͥ񱻷ŭסۣǰȥݽ˷ˣ
ιͷü
ԮڲȥҲ֪ϲϵü
ľƱһս˲ȼаҲ컹ǳ͢£ǽϾ͹һ֡֡ǶˣѰգ
ʱһһߵ˭ϵ˺üգûȵϢ֪ң֮һʱϲ
ѾһͷĹеʣ
ĶĹԵԫǣ
ûкҩʹ˼ʹǾҧȥ
ǰ;ϣǰ滨ЩǮʲô
л˵
.ԩ.ʣˡ


123  
ߡ
ûлͷ, δڰǰ˵ڼҪǶǹ·ģҲ˼ҲǮǮ, Ǯɲ¶, ûкùӳԡʴԺƤʲôûǮο, ´ξͽ費ˡ
ʾһ£˭ش, Ϊ
Ȼȱѣʵǽѡ
ĹʳĻҪࡣ
ĹѾչʳ, ԭһʼԤ룬عĹѾ, صʳҲʼǼۡǾЩ˴ϢĹ˶Щʳʹصʳ۸˿
թĹˣȻҲЩʳ˭, ֻǮ, һŲܡ
ԽԽû, ԽԽĻţһ߲һ, æ˽ԫǹ˵
˳ȥһ, ȴһ˻ġ
أʲõʵ
ǹ˵ʥ, ˽ոˡ
ֵʱ, ôȴƫƫˣʾԫⲡò, æ׷ʣĶˣɻأ
Ҳû˵ʲô, ֻ˵ͷۣë򿴹ֻ֮ԴϢҲûĻ
Ųӵȥ̫ҽԺһ̫ҽȥտõʲôʱӴˣܻ
⻰ȥ̫ҽԺȥˡ
ԫǵ֪ʥϸһ̫ҽѾǵڶˡлʵǲ
һʱ̫ҽüͷԲģԼǲʲô󲡣
̫ҽòɿ֣ԫǱ񾭣֪Ǻµġ̫ҽ룬ֻ˵ĪģϸţӦܺá
ԫôܲģĴô˵ĲȴһֱûãԫоԼ²ʲôˣ벻Լ˭
һ磬ٵˣ㵱ʱºҲǸӡԫ벻ͨؼĳôأ
ͼʲôأ
ԫֻǰλ̫ҽβ̫ҽҲûб˿ˡ
ԫǲߣʸӽꡣмΪһʱдŸͥʱҲûжãںԡ˵㻰
ǽŵϲˡ
ͥҲǸƢûжĽ飬ͥսҲԸٸίˡ
Ϊ˺̬ߣͬǺίˣίѵͲίˣ
ͥãǵ˸ʵۣýزĹеͷ˵ġ֮˵Ȼûĺءʲô
˵˵ȥڼĽۣ汲ǵʵǸп֮ͽֻѾڸĻҵܵøɸɾˡ
ͥãѾûҪʲôɫ
ûг˺ͥίʵûաѾˣּҾ£Χգڼιǣһαһ͡
ݵĹٸôŹǰ漸Σڳ͢Ԯ֮ʣ̴Ȼų˵ּҾǹǳɹͷһǿַƶŵһ˰
ֻΪһ䣬ݳͷ˼
Щ˸ֱӱ˹ٸҲ˳͢ΪѵּҾӦ˳šˣҲô챻ơ
˾Ҫأѳסݣ͵ǰѳסضĹؿڡ͢ˡ
Ԯ֮һֱּҾšС˼ʤ䵽̴С
Դݱ֮󣬱㿪ʼȰݵصȨƵ̴뽫Щһ򾡣þǰյѪǮ·Ҫȡ֮ǱȰˣݼһ붼ǱЩȨƿصģһݱػҡ
ǵȰ
һ統Ȱ˵ѦһȰЩҲδܵʲôּ֮ҾƴѾܸͥ͢ˣԺ¾˭Ļ˵ּҾǱͰһͷοкԲ˳µع˳ּҾ׳˲ּҲԹʹá
̴ò˺ʡ£Ҫľÿӣսʱսˣһ¶ҪģİΣҲؿǡ
Ĺ˵ãٴΪģڣѾ˼ʿò
Ǻһ誣̴Ҫշ˲ˡֻϧĲ磬̴ֻĽ誵ķݶˡߵ˲ŲûУǽţսıеģǳȴѷɫˡ
ּҾ߷ĳ͢ȴս塣
˵˸֮󣬲֮ԽԽʢǡڴʱһ׮جġԫǲûˡ
ȻôϢֱӴϹŭָˣݵú˵ǰջúõģ
˵ǽϸûģ˵Ǻҩ֮˲óԵĶˣѪ̫ҽȻҲû˽˾Ȼ
ɫһľۿжˣˡ
ǽԫǻ飬Ǹѵõ˲ţԲ˼֣Ͱǵˣ
ǲǾãԼʵ۳˭ǴֻҪǵģҪʲôǴ
䲻˵Ѿ֪˭ˡ£ⶼһʲôĶ߰
ɱԫǣѱɱ
Ȼԫǵȴûͣ¡ǶһЩ˲ƫҪ
ٰڵҲע⵽ʵġͬѰ
ǮȻˣֻǰѸʳȥ誻еʹġ
˼֪ǹʼʩ֮ǰǶԸ̵İ취ԸĹ뽫ǵʳ۸ٴһʴġ
Ǵˡ
ͬŷ뿮֮һ󣬾ȽеĳԵгļǮĹ˵Ĺʳ漱ЩΪǮͬţȻͷʳóˡ
Դˣ뿮֮еǣЩʳȥģ˻᲻Ը򣿡
誱һ֣ΪʳеĲء
ΪУȻΪ֡Ĺʳ㹻ḻκһҪḻ
򣬾ͰĲ࣬ǮĲˬ
ֻҪǮ˭ʳС
ôͷ˸ΪԼʤȯˡ
ʣѾˣͷʳóĵزɼĹʳȷˡ
ҲϢͬͷԣԼҪ˶ñϽסĹˡΪڳҪֹķة࣬һУҪնĹʳ
Ȼһǧ˰£ǮӶ֮ȴûĹʳ
ù죬еȫһҪ˼ﲻͬȻյĹĹ顣
̫߳ˡʵ
ĹҲй飿ЦĹ֪־ôд
ϧ
Ȼ򿪹飬һּ˵ĹԾȻֽϡ
һĿʮУĿŵһλУ誵ԭ
ȥգֿ֮͢ʳ࣬ѹֿ⡣Ѿ·ʮʯȴ¼
ޱؽſ꣬ŭġ޿̽ųһţֱӷŻˡ


124 ս 
ֱӰ˸ˡ
ǿ벻̣
ʴδֱϷŪΪ׬Ľ, ͷȴԼĸЦƵģ
ͼʲôͼһЦ𣿣
ʻͷ̬˲ˣ¾дһ, ҹȥٰ
誱յˡ
չһ, ʮذһ飬Ǹ޳ܡƻթıСˡ
ųҳֽÿһ䶼˵Ļ, ÿһ䶼ǲġóֹ׻ʮʵģЩ仹д뿪ʵôֻûٿ, ûһ̣ӦҲôĻ
誶ˣֶˣ˷ŵСоͬܿϡ¶ռǲ֪ôĶѾǰ, ؾһ䣬Ե۸
, ҪһȴôҲ벻á
ɲΪһһصսѶԷ
˼޹ֱʱ, ߳, ſ, Ȼһлһ˿
˱, ñī
˱, īϡ
Цպī֭, ʻ±ˡ
ʧ, ϸһ֮ȡ

誴īһ, ԽԽ, Ҳ˿ӱ޵͵
öȻǸģõһʱ֪
ֻǲ֪С۵ĻηӦ
ԶǵҲһֱڵš
ûˣ֪ĹǸСӿ϶ôװװġҪ죬Ĺžͻ͹
⼸۱۶誻ôؾѾη誵ĻѾƯƯˮ©βʲôܸݵȥ
ʹƽһ̶ˮһֱӿ
յ誻ʱǼպˡ֪дûûɻѸٵضˡ
ߣ޵ҪСʲôĿڲţʸԼСٶٺݣض
СӵĵˣҪƽ͵ضԴţȻŴݵȥ
׻дʲôأֹţ¶ӿ죬˺ŷ⡣
һⷺŵֽ򿪣ʶһȴֻһ֡
Ŷ
Ŷһ֣㣬ȴĿѣιȥ
дôõһţţﵽ⡢ɱؽĹ誱һĲֵĹͻһŶ֡
д
д
ȫûǰɣ
һ£ͷź̫״æǰš
ж䣬誵ǷŻ˵ϣ̫ͷһҲ֡ģצеȴּ߷ζʥϲСһ
̫Լʥ⼸Ѱҹ£͵ܵһţǸЦˡ
ȥϢñ㴫ˣԭʾһ׼ҪǮ¶ֻõùˡǲ֪εԭʲôܲ²ǲΪ뻹ǮԲεġ
ҪôôأǸ˽ã׼̻ܲһ㱾ʵڲУͷֵʳҲǺõģⶼûأλϢιȥˡ
ˣʥĲ뻹Ǯˡ
ˡ
ʱϲ飬˵ڴֵ϶뷹ɢʳʱ誻һºĶء
ºȥЩǮвӹԱ衯ģ˵׬ǮͻȥȫϣЩ͢Ϊġ
ǿŵĿɴӦǮˣ
ºЦҲûǮɻⶼյòˡ
ֻʱľǲ
ʵˣҪĻɢˡһģĹһЩηǣɢˣ͢һɢɳĹҸͲһ˼ɵ
º²˭ֻ֣¶ûһս֮ˡ
Ҳô˵ձô꣬һʱܲȫļҵס
ҪһѻдһŸʡ
֪ģһٶţ뿴誵˵ʲôƨ
誻˵ЩƨʣĹôʳͷμҵʳ϶ۣͷĹ׬Ǯȥ˼۵
Ծʳô׬⣡

ʵˡ
Ρ
벻ͨôô޳ܵˣ
̫ҽ㳲ɼҲûʵѹһһҹתѡ
ʱɤƣˮ˽ة
ʱʳŲ壬۾һһؽʳ۸ܽĹóѣԲܣ
ةࣺ
֪գαصأûһĹల£ֻλ̫̰ˣӻһһεĹ˵ļơ
ʿٳûжһ˺üòֹס˿Բżѵʵ޸˵ģסûУҪסĹ
ة෴ʵֳϣǷҪס𣿡
ǾͷؿڣվŽųȥ
˵ţֻǷةȴûʥϣǵһôûѣһסˣ
ة඼֪ô˵ĺãһжôʳ⼸¹ڵʳضҪۣʳԽֵǮվԽἱ֡ĹųҪʳŲãҲдѴѵ˰ʳ͵ȹȥ׬ȡǮƵġ
ְգ⵫ӦҪеֻ֮֡ҪֵġǰˡֻҪһȰҲ䵽زܲǣ
ʲô񣿡ʷŴأԹޣ
ة˺һ΢ҡ
ǻʲôǲҵģָɿŷةȻЩˡ÷ΪģΪġ
ȥɡʸ˿ͣʵڲӵˡ
ϣ˫Ŀ
뵽ԼĴǣһͬˣֻԼСңȫȻ뵽Լû˵ԫǣΨһվߣͬ˵ģҲһˣԼߵ˶ס˿ӣǽţһʱķӣĹһ㣬¹ЩҲǰʲôʲôϡ
أһжˡ
벻ͨԸ룬ҲԸ䣬ƾʲôҪأû
ϣѾһһҹʺȻЩܷҪĹʵ۶ף
ĹҲôЩˣʱָˣأѵͲ⣿
ֻҪܻĹʲôں뻢ıƤС
ĿֻһҪǸ誴ӻλ


125  
Ĵ
ôŬ, ¹гϵʳ۸ɽˡ
һҶʱܹĵʳҲô࣬һӼô, ˭ܳԵڣΪɹҲ֪Ƕû, ǼҲԸ⶯֮˲Ĺĳ
Щȥ, ԭͷһˣټȥǵ÷ùˡ
ʵҲŵ, ԸԼԿҲĹ⡣ǳ͢Ĵ󳼿ɲ⣬ѾȥôǮ, ׬һһ㡣ⶫֻȥˣܻǮ
ǵĥӲ֮, ʳǽгҲΪˣ۲ŵԽ
İհһƬ˭뵽ǳŹ֣ȴŲ˻
ϧ΢, ԹҲ⡣
誼, Ĵ󵨵ؽǰȥֱԭȥʳ, ֡
ôһڣȴе׬ء
һü, ĹԡһƬֵյ, ͬ˾޿һ㡣˭, 涼ҪЦ䡣
·ȱ, 涼ûлϻˡ
һ֮Ϸˣ, ͺЦ
誽Щʳ·ŵⷿͷ, ô࣬һʳҲòˡдŸշ£ƹռǵͬʱӽأһķء
㸽оסˡ誵ռǵ»ᱻ֪಻Ҫˡ
ɣ浽סһ˵
ռǵҲǳĹԴռǣҪ⵾֣誻ֹˣֻʱһˣһʱһʱϸһ꣬ĹĴԶκһҡ
ʳغĿ̫ˣֻʳĲȥˣյˣ˿ڲŻǡ
Ĺ˿ڻǲ
Ϊռǵ誻׬Ǯһֲʣȫշȥˡ
Ϊˣ˽¸ֹʥϸǮʱ򣬴ûиôɴ
±񣺡ֲһ
ôһˣв˾ǮֻǮ޵׶һ㡣
ЦŰϷ壺ʳǹغ񰲵£˵һʳѾˣ˵մ˿йʥԱĴƬũҲմ˹ܣմ˻ܵøգĹͳײȱˣ
ǶĹѽ
ϲ˵˵շռǵǵˣշҲҵռǵ˶ѡ˱˴֮䶼˹ʶͷռǵ֣ʡ
ԳžûнµĶ̡
ֻͬʥϸǰĴˣҲñʥǰ˷ͷʵǰͷǵƵЩ֬ˮۿɶƺˣ
Ūˣʽζʲô÷һ𻨺ɻָζӦоС
ݻء
ˡϲģԽԽãĲǮ
֬ˮ۵۲ˣžŮ˸ӵǮûʲô²µĹǮҲģǻأĶȱ˺òأ
ǰЩӣѹŪһ³ר֬ˮ۵ģѾһˣרŶƵĺʢãװƯƯģպˮ·ֱ˵
öǲ
ŵԸʲôźã֬ˮ۵ˣʥǰ¶ôһǧѷĺûᡣ
ºһЦҲ̫ܲʥǰ¶ԣ¸ɾˡ
ӿɱ֮ǰͷˡ
в˾֬ˮԤϵǰ㣬ܿһ
ԴĴŴ֮Ĺ˱ԽԽˡĹĺ֣ԵõֵģǮеǶĹ˵óһֺãǿбʮֺá
֪֮󣬷ֶȷʵУ϶ⶫףͬǲһ
֬ˮ۵ҲǳͷһôĻȴͷһˡĻǸ˼ҵ⣬˵ʲôĨϻζԺǲҲԴơ˺Ƶһһ㶵ġ
϶ǲٵģ˲ζֻζܳһҲͶˣô㣿⻰˵Ҳ٣˵Ҳ٣ؼԸţˡ
ȱľǮˣܳ͢ΣͷΣǵδй㲨ԾÿȲ裬ò
ôһƬƽ֮Уȴִͬġ
͢ҲһȽ㡣
ҲΪǷҪͬϹĹһ£ʸةѾַˣװװһ¡
ҲֳҪսһʵһɣмͬ⿪սԳһɣǰհ߱ԷةΪס
ˮݣû찵أȴԵҲû
㣬̲סˣԼݣǿӲþ׼бûṩ㹻ľѿ֧
ʱôأڳʧȥˣҪȥӣĸһӣܵӣֻ뱨
ةʵڽսοͶǻͬĻɣ
ֻƾ˵ٶ࣬Ҳֲʲ
ة౻ͷ˺Щ죬˽쳣
סˣסѾʧصʡةʵΣ󲻵ʵҲ׾ݣʥϻṩѣôǮ
ûǮӡǮǱֲǸ裡дʡ
ةֻоԼ̫ѨҪըˣļһֽѣǳ͢ġ֮ףʥ
Ƿθ֮ԣʶУ˴治ˡ
ʲôة඼ԣʵڿɶ
һҪΣҪڱȰסˡ
ľٶڽةƵøԶ
ةڼб˼գʵĺҲùܴˡ
Ǻ˾ͽյһšԴǿеıҵ
ʻǴ³ˣĹ߶ĵȫʱİͼݺϱˡ
յЦЦةشǡ
ôãʱıųȥһҪܲҲûʲô˼

һº誵һϢ˵һֻʹִٰǣʹͷ˵вף֮ǰٰѧϰƾٵʹأҲɴױдõ顣
Ӧ˵ġ
׼ǴĿ£ȺѾ볯͢ϵˡ
Ҫʥ
뿮֮ųһ誡
誴̩֮Ȼʲôֶû˼ʹ˵Ҫ𣬻ٽ˴
л˵
ս


126  
õĵֳɡ
뿮֮վųԱ, Ҳ֪ʲô⣿

һʱɾº
뿮֮ûŹˡʱʹǱ⺷, նºöʱ뿮֮㰵ľ, ͬĹԶҪȻͳӣҪӱ, ֱӽĹ˺̵
ĹȻҲȱӣͬ˱ǲһءҪ, 뻹Ǵ򲻹ġ
뿮֮ĵʹѾˡʱɫҴңһ糾, ϶žɫһ·Ϲģٰ֮ƬЪϢҲ, ֱ˸˵ˡ
Ϊ׵ϵá
֮ǰĺشǺةࡣ
شǣʲô뿮֮С
ôռˡųص
ųΪһة࣬˿ǰӭӭ, һһ溮ѣԭǺة, ةԶ, ôǰ˵һ
ðãʵڲ, , ҵҲòʧˡ
ųЦ, Ӳ, 
Ǻش, 誶ٿһЩ, ɫѣȥϴһ׼硣
شǾҲûܾǰĻ𼱻ǵģ˹֮ƺûôżˣȥϴˡ
뿮֮ڴԷͼ
˲ô糾͵޷Ǿǿģƽ޹ʵǽԵʹҪ˵жҪƵġ
ǺǣҪʲôҪ飬ֵһһϷ
Ȼܿ죬뿮֮ǰ
ʲô˵ͬˣ뿮֮ʧʵ
ƹѲʮֶ˵סûѯʡشǼڵţ֪ٵȿˣ׳ôһϢ÷뿮֮һľûӦ
ǺôĹôĹ𣿵ʱҲķݶ죬˾֮ġ·˽֪ôţԸˣ
شȻҲ֪޴͹Ĺתֳʸ誣ʵݽҳĹ飬ʵױţü٣Ŀ
ŵϲȡݸ誡
誴ҴƳһۣû⾿˭ּϾֲʶʵ֡
ųһ۱誵˵ͷ
ȷʵĹλʵ۵֣ųҿ϶⹷ʵ۵Ǽթаٰƻ󣬻Ĺ±һĲֵ˵Ĺ޸Ұ½Ծ̣ĹǮƿɱʮǡ
ֻ˵ĳǸСˡ
Ȼ£Ϊشةҹ̣ԭΪ£ةˡ
ܰĹ͹ʲô˼ѾˡĹ֮䣬ѡĹʵ΢ӵĶ֪ѡ˭Ĺ̫ԶгһĹҲûܴͲһˣýߵķҲĵطܽУܳûԭ
˵ÿ˭ı˵һȻҲó
課ڲĶĹĶ⣬ֻĵʵʱֻ֪ǲ֪ةΪ
شǵΪҼϼΪͱ£Ըĵ޶ۣҼϲмΪ顣
ޣ֪ⶼƨԭλǸģͷûһʵƵϵģƲĹʵۣҲ
δʲӢۣҲûʲô춯صΰҵǸӣŹء
⻰ҲûбҪˣ誼ͷةȥ޴仰ȨǶлˡ
شǣԣ⣿ûˣ
Ѿ˵ϣ˵課Ӧ˳˵ȥô
ɺشǵ˰Ҳûȵġ
û취شҲЩ誵·ˣȲѿʼֱһϲĨñ˲²ͼĺشǺܲѺá
̽ĹͲ
誵ǲӲ磬ʲôأҪܰĻͲ֪˶ٴˣ
شǳĬһڻֱӱͼˣͲͬˣͬ룿
밡ԭˡ調ŵذڳһȻģةǧظٰΪ˰
شǱָһ¡
ﲻ䣬شҲû˦ɫȻǲģҪԾЩѶȡĹˣõİ취һټϷԭݡ
ӶóˣĹǮҲˣҲ㣬ǰţҪ⡣
شѹǵ΢Ĳƽ⣬Цŵ󣬶֣ʶ裬ǧټҪĹѾ˱ݣղĹʢǲĶҲδ֪Ĺ֣УҲܱĹһݰ
ųӵ誵Ŀ⣬ʲô£վ˱ư˼֣պة˵չ湥ǳӦô֣
شǸʣةӦô֣
ةԶǹͣ˵˵ɡ
㣬˵˵ɡ
ϴŻ棬ųƤӸһЩѹ˺شǡ
ش飬Ʒ֮ķ֡뷨Էܹ֡˶ٵأĹƽ֡
ˣų뿮֮ͣһЩ
ش̽ؿ誡
ȴ¹ϵ޿һա
شҲ⣬Ĺ̬ԽǽشﷴԽġ
ųǻһ֣ͬûҲ誸ȥˡ
֪Լһϲɱŭˣ˵̲˵ЩųһսضͿ̿ǲ֣Ժ˰ڸľĹԼϵ㣬𵶣ԼȥƱõУ
ֲûǮ
˵ǣܹ˵סĹյѾܲˣڱģҲ˲ƫһǾԲܣһܹڽ߲ͷʱ˾Ͳһˡ
˰ˣ룬ҲУûжĸϵ
ڶһ磬誱ٴټشǣӦˣҵǩ顣
شǲ誾Ȼôɴ࣬мպõȵġ
Ȼ誻иɴģ˺ش֮誱ּæ
˽֮й£ʣ飬Ĺжٱ
ԼĪʮ򡣡
ԾԾԣ˵ʮĴܷ쿪ʤ
Ŵµһ㶼ȣֻ˵Щѡ
ʣټһأ
ǲһĵġ
誰̾Ȼûѵͣ誻Ը˵Ǽϻأ˶ˣ
⻰ɾʵĿˣʥϣЩһֱ죬δϹ
ãرؽϣؿ䣺ϣ֮ڣĹľҪĹ


127 ս 
ۡ
ʾ, 黹Ѷȵġ
ڱصõɫת˵ģôô, ֻһ, ϵ̫á
սԽãҲԽѡ
ȻӦ¡˺ð죬սǰðŵĵطѾŵĲˡ
Ĵ, ˵ҲһСѹĹһʾˣôûս¡, Ҫ˶೤ʱĺͻᱻִơ
Ҳû취
誴ǰҲ޴̣ȴԼǰӡòˣ, ľ˵ı
ֻĬĬĵ׵һ䱧ǸԸֻԸⳡսЩãֱͶ, ȥս֮࣬ҲͿ̿
ش뿪֮Ĺʽʼˡ
ÿսЩ±æĲͣ, ±, ֮ǰʿҲչ¶ͷǡ
Ǹʵ, ǼȻѡǾ͵ʵʵսɱеġ˽ǵҲЩƵеķ, ҲЩÿ춼١
صİ䲻֪, ȴҲżоӴӵ߹, ˵Ǵ, ˵Ǵ, ȥĶǶ·, ҲǴǼݡ
Щ˶ⶼ˵Ϊ˿ѻģǲ֪ѵƬĵء
͢ý֪ͨս½أÿȻԼˡҲ調ģϣйİս鵱ڡ
ͨղ֪ԶշȴӾĹŵ֪ȥ
ҲĴ˴εս£붫·ǱԶҪæҲշ˼ȥԼΨһľغƬ֣ǰ㹻ľ֧ˡ
뵽շ¾ͲòʥϵԶˡ岼ⲻɽ¶ˮ˭֪⾹һ鱦أ
շ¶ͷһ˽ƿӵմˣͷ˵貨صռǵѾ£Ҫȥ
շȥưɡ
ʥϸǰǣֻܽЩϸСˡ
ºһռǵջ񣬶õһʱ͵ٰ
շģڶ·Ĺ׼һˡ
ѻ£ùˣµ֪ءǲɵҲһȣľפڳ⣬ôǿѻĵġлµȰ˼⣬ŵòᣬɹģʵڰͲסһѰ׼Ҫˡ
ǲ֪飬˴ܹ֪ġôˣѵǻܿ˴˼ڵ
׼֪飬ȻǣʥϴӦģֻίָսթдŸʵۣ֣ͬĹ
һϣЩµĶŭˣʼֱ̫
׼ϵ˵ͷЩ޿κΣƴδĹУ׬һǮĹжҲǺ۸ġʵǽã˽Դǿеرʾˣͬ˽һ
ҧгݣϧ
ɲôȻǣ֮ǰԵĽѵûԹǰɣ
·һĹģװվô꣬ҲֻûԼĶƾʲôҪ
Ⱥ鼤ߣ׼ѹѹʾǰ˵ʱͼ죬ȣǱϾսûǽ֪ǰɱפڶ·һֻ顣˵϶ֻзԷģʵǲԡ
׼ϸһ
ôãлµῴ˵֪ˡ
ȥ֮󣬼ͬĽʿ㿪ʼˡǴӹ׼߹һˣˮѾˡ
գڶ·һѾˣˮʣе˵ŭй֮⣬װǿһе˵ޣ޷죬ĶҲˣɥе˵䲻Ϊһ¹ڻʾ֭ҪѶ·Ҫȥ˵ףʿᰮɫȴΪ̰ɫӣ٣֤ݾʹ꾹ȻûһС
ⲻǸ֤Ѿ
ЩԴ÷з٣Ըղˡ
ʼҵ¶˭ܲأҶ·ԭȶˣǱһֺøеģЩ߰Ļ֮󣬺Ȼһ汻ˣҲӦãθˡĹûʲôɵġ
Ĺҥֻڶ·ãȱ˽¶֮ͱʸǰ
ʵʱжŭ
࿴ԼĹ˱ҲˣȻұŵ˵˵ûв٣õúܣ
һգǴ󳯻ỹ˽ټЩǵĿȻûôˣʼɨʵ..
ŭɶʵܲίתͷպôп·ȶɺӣɺ֮ӦϡҪĹɱƨ
δУȻҲĵͲȱʿȱǾݡ˵û㹻֧ţôһֱλ
ûþѾֱӺ˷ةһ˵ȣƫִֽʳ߾ϿҲԡ
Ч΢
жö˵ǳ͢ǮաҲղ˶١ʳ֮࣬ǵ˴ùˣʳ۸ȻĹǸ࣬糯ּ͢ٴֱۡ
⵱ȻΪ׬ǮǻʧˣΪس͢òֹͭǮǽֽҡ
˱Ļˡ
ֽҼȻѾչˣõ˷ѣ
ǣӡǮԽ࣬ǮҲԽԽ࣬һӶôͨǮѰ۸Ҳʼˡ
ֱ۵ͷļ۸ˡ
ةԽԽľԽԽ£ʸ㾢졣
ʿƾڲжìܣֻҪһʤ̣һжӭж⣬ëͷҲתĹˡ
ʶ죬µʱѾ׼
ûп˭ǱѾˡȥôãҲûǲмǺġʵϣ˹ˣĻõŵȵأ
ɾòҪû˰ģõĹ
һɲ˰µʱѾ׼׵¾㱸ֻǷ硣ǵȵþһʵʱ״Ĺ棡
ֻȴ֪ĹǱҲѾӭе׼ڶѾˣʿҲˣֻͶ
߶̽ԾԾԣȴȷսڽ֮УʺȻõϢ˵ͻȻ춯Ѿвپڱ߾ˡ
ˣҪĹսأһʲô˼ԸԼˣ֮
ʵɶ
ȻʻûŭãĹľȴͻȻɽֱϡ


128  
ϱлɾ
ĹľͻȻ, ûа㷴ӦĻᡣǴһ·˹¸ҡ
, Ϳ˿⸮
⸮, Ķǡ
ĶԭڼϣΪͳԭ佫ǰᵽ˿⸮, һֱδǿʢԿ⸮һֱȵ, δӣҪ汻˴ԼҸǣֻڵĹײİ嶼ǲסˡ
Ȼ, æǰȥӭСǰ˼⣬ԭĹ˼, ôûж֣ĹһˣͬĿν֮
ʲ⣺ЩĹôŵģ
ةԭҲ֣˰պŶȻѣҲ˲ʵĶԹ, æʷֳһıǰȥء
ڵ˲, Ѿ׶ԷڵʲôҲǺ², ӲԸǷة, Եô, ֮ǰͬʾù
ŵ, һ𹥴Ĺ, ԸֳĹѾò, ô֪ܲô
˵ؾ鲻ܷ
ةÿԴ, ǲǶǽ鶼ǰˣôǳٳٲԸĹôֻǰŹ¸£ʱţʱǰӻǻа˵أ
ʺɥ
ʲԸţûֹͷĵǣԾǰȥˡ
ֻϣة෽ԽǺ˵˵Ĺû˽
Ȼʱʲôʲô
µľ֣ǰǣлֲ
ʵȷˣһжԤڷչľӻûִﱱ߹ǶѾϢȻʱ£ֱǵĹؿڡ
һսʢʱڣͬҲûֵãοˡҪûҪûΨһܹԬҾѾȥĹطˣʲô赲
ʿֶһ˾Ҳûˡ
һʼսףһϣδսȽûѾԤϵԼܣ̬η
ֱ͢ıǰԮʱ᲻һ˿һĸɾ
ԮҲȷûʲôôܴ˶̣ܡ
˷˾ͽָӾսҲûսˣʹʹشһ˭뵽Ȼһ㶼ҵĸһȺƵģ˾ͽǿϡ
˾ͽӪУͬ»ԼǰʱЩ£ʱ˵ԭסһֻͻСΪݷ꣬ԼԴ˶ԷĵȴԭҲˣôСĽһЦ
õôķأҪ֪˲һֺαصôꣿ
ȻشȴЩȷĹ֮ףȻдһ˵Ҳ֮е顣ֻ⼸Ϊʧ˷ִ磬Ű۳ⷬģġ
б˸ͣǰȷʵӡ
ش˵䵽زĹû
˵꣬شֿ˾ͽǧĹĹƫһ磬ǳ˲żüã֮಻ضáĹʵ۸˵ã˵ģǽ͢շ÷Ѿ˲ˡһ㣬õ
ѾǺشͷһοˡ
ԱߵĺѵŴ˴Ĺ֮¹¸Ϊǻڡը֮ˡһʼҸĹȻȻһƼڱʱû˶־ܽĶˡ
شпҲ֪ھƵãϧҵٰʱδ
˾ͽذ˰֣ûǻڣ޶Զһġ
ãȴеĳһɱ˭ɱ˭˾ͽҲãĹƾŻӮ
սϣܻھܶʤġ
ֻǺشǶĹɵȻʱʱѣΨ˾ͽ⣬СƶԷ
˾ͽûмλֻڱеĹʵۣȴŨŨȤҲ˴µԭ֮һ
˾ͽһ誡
ٶ಻һ棬ʵ׼ʲô̬ȶԴ誡
δ˾ͽӺشǿйճ誵ģǸз˳ıԶǵľ
Ĺ΢ı仯ǲ֪ġѾƲˡ
¸ĹأѾ׼εУҲ̫Ĵ˴Σա
սĴ¶ȻҲòġʮǰʹٰǰ򣬸ǰͷĽʿǹʿĹսνռʱ˺͡
һֵգʣӲйꣻЩŭղԣȴ޼˳͢ĹľӴʱЩسͷɷֱͶ
̬֮ɴࡢ֮òĹĿɿڴ
׼ĳǳôܻ᲻ҪĹԭһǲӲ߲ɱ˳֮ҲһֱôҪġľʺã֮ͷڶҲá
˭ʵ۲ǻʵۣȴҪһӵũġ
ľͲ˸ùӣȳ͢ҪǣΪβַ֧أ
ǧ㣬û㵽ôһչ
Ѿ˾ù£ҥʡ¼׼ˡ
ǣϹ׼һͨòϡʱʱػذտе֪ˡ˽֡ǷǲɶǣͭǮõĺúõģһȫֽⲻǿǵǮ
ʵڿɶĵطҲ䡣
˵ģû֮ǰҲ뵽ǸŨü۵˾ȻôҪʱ򣬻ô಻ҪôǸǧˡ
ɾĹŻڿҪ˿⸮ȴǰ;衣
ȷô򣬵ҲǺ޷֮Ѿﵽ˶ǣʵ޿ˣֻܱˮһս
ƴֿģҪؼʿʿȻǰۡ
֮ʹ졣
ϧò״һʤ̣ûԺлᣬһҪǰ
һ̡ĹҲûֵãͷ۸òüǿڵ׼Ͽ˿ڡ
׼˵ĻһֱԸ˻ƽ͵Ż
Ѿ˼ˣ⸮ðȻƳǣδߡ
誶һ¡
׼Ͼãֱӹ򿪷Ϊʱ磬Ȳ˵ܹܲýȥǽȥˣöԷЩôأſһս
ʵزסˣһٹ¡ҪԼ
˵ļһҲĹһƫһ磡ƺʲôʱƲҲʲôû͡
Ҳ
ҲϲǿѣһأҪǿˡ
һҪˡ


129  

ֻ۲, 뿮֮һ۲
ǱˣĹܸһ¥Ҫ˵շУ˼ݱһֵصĵط, ôڷ뿮֮, ôһ飬Ͷ˰աɽһǸ߾, ʱȫ߾⣬һ׮ˡ
뿮֮۲˼ҵĵ, ѾΪ֮ˣ⼸ʱʱ誶ߥ޹ƻֱӰѻڼܵݳ, һһҹģЩҲͲҲ
調ͦ, ؿʼΪǴ˶ڵ
뿮֮ľˣѵ
һЦⶫֲϵģܹã񹥴ĹһãȫǣҪ˶೤ʱĴʱס˼, ָʲô忪⸮
ɱǿĶ, ֻڵϡ
뿮֮Ĭһ˲
誽˵ο, Ҫֵģɱ¾̫, ЩôĽ
⵹Ҳ, 뿮֮ò調ǵûǶԵġ
Ӳںյ, ȻЩն, Ǳ˼ʮǳҲһ, ûʲô塣
˿, ֢ڡ
뿮ֻ֮Ǿĺˡ
Ӧ޵ġ
ʵ뿮֮һ̫ˣ߳µģҪû취ֻǰߣųפؾǣЭ
ʵųҲһģдһѩǰܵĻ˻ءΪة࣬һУҲڲˣ뿮֮հǰ˺
ûųԼ뿮֮Ӫо͸ˣ˹¸֮ʢѾҪﲻסˣʱ̶ҪܿĿͼӦĹġ
誾Ӧ֮ǰ۸ڷũūѸ質̬ЩħˣĥĶŪ
̬Ҳôż¶ͼ֮
䣺ǱΣ
Ѿ̫ԭ׽̫ԭ֪ɱ˳аϵĹƽȴûôֻǳһЩȻġǿҪ˶೤ʱ䣬ƽ¡
ʱһǳʧˡ
뿮֮һԭǻ٣ʥϣǿɵץˣѾҪƽˣѾ̫ˡ
ƳƳҲҪȣ
֮ǰʲô÷ָ£ǲ̫࣬һץˣɲ˿ǡ

˭пտǸģٶҲȷ죬һһڱذʳ˱顣λʵҰĲʳôҪࡣ
һֱڱ˿ʵ۵£Լȴʼδۿһ⴫˵еҲ֪ľʲôģֶм
ԤУλҪ˶ӦҲܼˡҲ˵ʲôڴ֮ӣٻЩġ
ܻǲףѾԭ飬ǴŽĹһ򾡵˼϶ôˣδΣҲ˵ǱҪ課ַ±ֱϵĺַҪá
˭֪ϵ˸ᵹùʲôأ
ţɱϾһʱҲ誽Ҳ׵Ժˣר־عݡ
˴誳УһĹȫľ
ȸҲˣʱ̻誸
Զ;ʥԱߵһС죬Ѿĥ˺ðⲻǵʱǸּãȴǺܴô
˵Ҳ֣ԴǸָʧ֮Ҳˡ⵱ʱ˻᲻ָһ·ģֻһվʥԱߣȻЦЦ
ԭʥϵˣѹˡ
ȴûʲô˵һĻϳ߿ڣõصһۡ
ײȺУôһǰͷĹ򶼰ˣ
Ƣس΢΢ͷûһ㱻ðŭƢôã֪ϳ첻ףԸӡ
һ뵽ʥֵ»в٣ü޵ĽȸСٲȥҪеһǴȻˡ
̣
ҹ֮󣬼䣬һԼĴ㡣
Ż˸Ļش״ԪɡۣһģĿȴʮֳȡ
ǸսϽҵˣĺǸݡѾˣǳ͢ȴûжٺ֮㣬ĿĹǱве߱ȱȽǣ佫ȴгʵġѵһܲϲ
ҼȻѾͷˣҲһ֮ǵϱȥ誡
誶佫Ҳǳڴ
Ŀ´ʣԼҲĳȣʣĹƳǣ
ⵥϥأɶе緢ĩʶʮˣһ֮ڱܶǣ
־誸ơ
֧ЩˣֻҪ뷨誱ǳԣ޸ʮǲ޵Ҫһ֮ڣ򽫾ο˳ǵģ
˷ּܵлĩزС
еƮˣһ䣺ʲôʱ¶ˣ˵⻰Ҳ١
αذѻŵôأ
ȴȫɬԼʧ֡
誴ӦȥٻЩĵģʮͷжʮǴӪͷϸѡѡģжʮǴȸŲġ
ˣϳҲڡ
⿴ԷʱҲ΢΢ܿ㱻ѹȥˡ
һ̣ⷭסֵǣһ׽Ǽ֪
ȾҲ׷׼һùµļݳǡ
뿪󣬽ϳǳ뻯װ£ȫһף˳˳ػ˳ǡ
ⶢϵļҲĻ̻̣άȡ
͢ԮȻؾ͵ˣΪǵĳǱΧˣԮҲפ֮󣬻⵽ĹӵɧţûʽսѾһЩ
Ĺļ֪ݵϲ˴ϢԼСһ¾Ͳˡǳ͢ϲֱͶˣϧûͶûиĹֱӶϵĵ
ңĲȥϡЩӣֹһȰսףܽˣȫµˡ
⻰ƵõϲҶ
ڼݵʳ棬±ΧҲԼ
⼸գϲɹģ˭Ǽϸɱ˺üˡԼֳŹһʱհϲȻͷиԼԼŮҲ֪˭ڳ裬תöһ֪˱ضǲ׵ġ
ȻǸˡ
ϲлϲ˴һˡ
ŮǴӼɽͷģɵϲ߸˵̽Դʱһ̣۾һգӾʧȥ֪εڵϡ


130 Ͷ 
ʶʱΪܡ
ϲǱһͰˮġ
үһ, ܹίˮһϲһ飬ѹˡ
һ, ϲԼ粻, ֱ˯ȥˡһȦΧˣŶǺǵġϲΪٶ꣬ûм, ǳȴءʵ̫ˣϲ֪ǰЩ·ģ
ϲʿˮ, ɫ󣺡㡭ǺˣҰܳ͢٣
⸩һضϡ, ˭û͢Ƶģֵֻ⳯͢вãǿɲˡ
ϲȻĹ
, мߡৡ䣬һ
ϲԼűͷ­ǸæԼӣ챿, λúĹĽ, ôпҼݣ
Ц
Сѱ, ϲ˵֮ˡλǿ, ȥ, յΣ
ⱧŸ첲Ǻ, ǿɲȥ
ɲ, ɲҡϲæҡͷ
ĻҲ˵ˣҲΪ˱, ֻ켸¡, ֪ģǰ첻á
ϡǲرȻһ¡
ϲһס
漴æͷԼʲôǵģֻһС
ĵһ£ṩĿͼȻ֮ʥҲȥġͼһʱôĺõͼأĲſЩ
ϲʲôӦˣ·Ҳʮֺ˵ø͸ЪžЪţ˵ǿͼУȥȡǡ̬֮ãһü벻ͨ˳װ˳
ʵȴǺߡ
ȥ;УϲС˦ˣһˡ
ȵҵŲǿʯͷѾûӰ
ϿģϳȴһͿд˿ҲܿƶϳĶˡ
ⲻһ˸ȥ
ϳʼ⣺һ׷ϣ
Լġ
ôţ
ϳ֪žôģ֮ǰ˲ٹڵϲ¶ҲоϳûȻϳǾԲôɵطһ˼֪ġ
ܵζʧأһԷǸֶεģֱӰȫǵʿйΧ׷½أδػʤ㡣Ǽһ˵û⣬ҪץҪķڷ¶ϳҲʲô
˵һͷϲͷһصǰܣм仹ˤ˺üӣɺûҲ֪·ںηֻƾŸоǰܡ
үûܶãͱҵˡ
Ѱǵ˼һɹģòؼңĸ׵ĵȥһҲûˣЩ˹
һ󣬼һˡ
ģİȫСϲѾһȥˣתһ룬ʲһȦԼô֮󣬺Ȼ޾š
ŶھҪһ
ϲһ۷ȥ˸۶һȥŴ˵˽סˣǶǲЩǰӦ
ΪԺ롣
ϲûԼ䣬һٶʮˣǻʲộֱͶĹˣ
ϲԭ·أȻԭּ˼һ˵ȡ
˱ԵãΧһöһ¡
ͬڷţϲϣɶࡣѹɨӼȣˮתֵǿŽźүүˡ
˵գϲû˿Ӧʱ䣬ֱȥ
ȥ͸Ƕ෢һǮܿһ˵Դٶ෢һ
⻰˴˼Ѫһżǳȥ
һ˶ʮˣͷϻоȱôʤ㶼ߡ
ⶼ䣬ǾͲػˣ
˶¶׹⡣
ֻһ󣬵ϲȴŵôϵ
⣬ȫûһʣ
ҪǼȫûһʣָЦȴߵġϲ˶ľˣ֮ôţȫΪЩҲϸѡģƽʮܴ򣬾ҲûκЩĹˡ
ϲѾˣڣ϶ЩĹ˼ɻ䣬ǿ϶Ҫɱڵġ
Ÿ֪ƨɶûȺء
ĵĻ᲻һ
ϲ̧ͷһۣڿ𣿡
ˣĸܰ⼸ʵĪ⣬׽ô͸ϲѾǶˣһʱ
ǵϲæϴλ׳ʿҲǱΣҪðλλ飬ҼлһʮĸС
һʮԺӡϷʵؽӹ
ϲһô֪
һ֪ǺųӪļͷ˵ۣһȥֻеù²˳ǿһӡƲ㣬һ˷ǴҸûСǺ֮ǣȴΪԷԺղҷ˵Ҳǣ
ϲɫѿΪἰ˽ѿʮ¶
ʮ꣬ȴȢһʮӡӣʼҲûаɷԴ
ϵķŭ벻ʣȻʵڿ⸮ǰɣĹ綼Ҫ򵽿⸮ġ
ϲѣϬʵѹ
ΧʮգٳٵȲ͢ԮΪаű׳ǵģôܽѹأϵա
ϲ
ϳһʬߵ£ʲôǲԸ⣬ֱӿǣ
ϲһŲԴ
˴³ĹһŴ²Ϊ˴ս³Ժ֮˵ҲǸүˡ
үҲܵү𣿵ϲͲôᶨģΪ仰׾Ͷˡ
ǶôҾֻҪٻͷĸʵ۶˵һġĹҲˣһңӦõˡ
ϲ֮󣬻һĵЦ˵ãͶĻкү
ⲻĵصͷţͷʥдһŸ㡣
һдϲ
ϳһۣ֪¶ˡ
Ҳڼ֮ˣ֪֪ǸСˣС˿صԶֻ棬ʲô洦
ûã͢ʿԮ
뿪Լϳڵϲҡ
ϲżȻѾͶˣȻҪڿʼ֡Լ˵ı£Щʿ;գ;ɽι˵ãֿ˼ϳл˵Ҫһȥ͡
ʱ룬յȸš
ͷ˵Ϲ£ﻹһſͼһС㣬дԮ־ڴ˴
ݸ˷ѣһѻֿϧǽ˰ɡ
һ죬ͳײҪˡ


131 ׻ 
ʳս
׼͵ݵʳǰЩӾ͸͹ȥ, ΪĹľţԼЩʳ, ô, Ϊ˶೤ʱܲһӾûʳһ͹ȥҲܳŵġ
ԭû, ɻͻ鱻誸֪ˡ
б˲ռɵӵͷ誵˶ǰ, ٳʳ
ָĲֻǾӵһֻ֧أóս
Ĺ˹ʱ, һûУ⧲ĹҲսپ, ûǶٷĻͰ˸Ʒˣ߻˳ҷ˸ڣ֪ͨԶ
ڣֱĨɱ, δĹ˴ڳϢ
˶ɱɱôɴ, еϧ˶Ҳ֪ס, ֪Ҫ˶ñԮأͲ⡣
˾, ڴ֮ǰ, ʳѾϡ
誷Ը, β˻˳㹻, ҲûùͰʳȫ˻ĹӪˡ
調Щ׵ʳ, Լҵ˻Ҫˡ˶Ǹ֮İ, ģ͵ضŶԷĿޣĲ治һֽ̳ģľ֪ˣָӶˡ
˶룬Ц˵Ѿˡ
ܹܻȴκβǵģ
٣ǽ
뿮֮ҲԱֻǱЩС˵־ζ׻˵һ㶼ûʮӶʮǰĹѣʳʱûٱǸ䣬Ļһһ̱͢϶¶ûĸεġɺˣⱨӦ˲ǣ
뿮֮˵дżĻؾǡة֪£ضҪˡ
һʳͰ˳ûϢ
뿮֮⣺֪ʳ΢ة˵Ƿ
޴ӵ֪岻Ķֻ˼
ѾͿˡ
˶һ˵ȰʳֱһѻӪء˸ϵʱضֻʣһƬǽˡôʳһɶӶûʣ¡
ɲǼǧʳǶʮµĿôʳһӶˣҪѪ
ֱǿоĹԼûʳ𣬾Ȼܹ͵ǵģ
ɶ񣬿ɳܣ
֮˵ʶѡ
طΣĹ֪
˼⣬һĵ˵Ĺ˾Բ죬Ǿ͸֪ˣǡǾǴӺδϢ
µֻҲڹ
һ˫ȭͷ죺ڹĻݱض͡
Ѱˣ֪ЩҪ£
ʣҪϸ̲Ӫ
ֺγͽأҲ֪鶼ѾˣҪ̸̽ףŵҪﻹü֤ҲͻʬˣһѴһյøɸɾΪ䣬úѧϰǧˡ
ǵʳ
ģ綼ġ
ԴˣٻЩĵġϣĹҪĳҲĳǣͷİաһģͬ۹ãȱʳͲʲô⣬ݳڰѪԵĻԼʳӼþӣĹս׵ġ
Ըϲţʣ֮ڱҪ
ǣ
һ£ԶڼݳЮƵĵϲûþյϢ
ⲻԼˣû˶ȥ֮ģֱӰĸϡ
Ҫǻ˶֣ôɴ̽Ϣأ
һǷţչֻϸϸһۡ
ϲŭҲԡ
ǾԼðΪޣΪ⣬ǹԹúá˵ѾĹͬˣҲ˼ҡ
ϲ`˵ҵĳ˵һȻͶĹ㲻ʲôλǷһٶʮˡ
һЦǷİٶʮģÿĶܻҪġ
һҵͻƿڡ
ԭųڰɿͷȻЩµ뷨ȱԼļƻơ
뷨ӵʱϳ㱧Ÿ첲վڱϣҲš
ûһӵĹ򣬼Ȼ⡣
˵һƣȿðͶֿǳԶ͢ġ
ϲԴʲô
ΪĻλţӾдˡ
Ҳλʡ˲¶ء
˵õϲȷʵó֣Ҳûбԭ˲˵ʵ˲
ǵϲͲһڼݶٻЩġϲЩõϵ˶˹Ը˼䣬ǰѻ⴫ԽԽã˶֪
ǺһϵĹ򣬳бΣˡ
洦ɼ˾һɫŵ˵ͬһ¶
˵ûǳҪûˡ
ûʳˣǳ͢ľûʳˡһȺõĶסܱסǲŹأҪǵġ
ֻ͢Լ˼գǼЩ٣ǶǱǱΧˣ֪ҪΧʲôʱҪǰЩӣͷô죿ѲҪ
ԽԽǻֲ֣̿ڿڿഫ𽥱Ŵ
ȵҹŹٸѾ˰Ұʳ׼ȥͷȱľӽʱɲһӴﵽ˶塣
͢Ҫǵͷӵ
ʳˣôǵģǲҪ
ԼʳȥѾóڰջҲˡȥ̴һЩһ׶ûˡ
̶ûˣ˵ǳʵûжʳˡصĻֻܱһΪҲˣɼôӣ
ܲܲԼļ˿ǰɡ
Ϣ֮ͶѾΨһѡ
˸ߺ͢ǻǻʲôֱͶˣ
ǰ˭˵ͶģҿĹͦá
仰ɲǼָʾģЩѾҪͶˡ
һ۸ߺ֮ʣµȷʵ⽻ġɲǻֻƲˡõϲһȺ˻ˮ㣬һ潫ȱҪĿֻŲϷŴһйĶĳаոϽͶ
һȥҪͶҲԽԽˡ
ڶһ磬ŹĹٲ̬ȸưסˡϾ·ˣǻʲôѡأ
ͶͶͶֻҪͶˣûô¶ˡǿûжҾ˼룬ֻҪԼСסһƽƽ˭ʵ۲һģ
ϲŸʲôĽͶļıЧô졣ٲ˵ͷչԸʱ򣬵ϲӳ˰ĥζ
ҪĻͲصˣ˳Ͷжã
ԭأȴüëϷʵȥ¶֪ˣ


132 ܽ 

ϲٷ, ̤ͦ˹ٸš
ͷѹѹعŴƬˣ˿ϾһƬֲ̿ϼҴڵĹ, , ˵˵ȥǡͶ֡
ϲòĹˡ
ʳǽٵģҪڳʳҲǶģͷʳҲǵļıʼ, ϲһݳٵֵһϡͿİǵ¡һݱ, ÿһĹ˵֮¡
ϲжԼһ˵ļɵ֮⣬ҺãҺѡͶ, Ȼֻ͵ûˡ
Ĺ˵ֶ, ɲܳܵסġ
ϲи̣˵Ļȴٴ졢ʮ㣬һ׽һףԼҪؼݳ, ʧһص׳־
̬֮, 
˵, ϲ߸ŵЩٲıжˡ
ƽﲻ˴жôҾɵֹؼʱҪͷ, ȴǽ˴ϵˡ˶, е˴һ仰, аնͬǷ깲, ͬĹģ
˭֪, ϲ˵һ֮, ͷŵЩͶĺˡ
˱ݵ˼ľͷҲסôľǿƴֿʲô˼أ
˵͢ٳٲʳҪǵʳɼǰơĳ͢Ǻοأ˴ˣͿǣһ·ɣ
ǰ˴ˣֻһŲ󡣳ۼѾûʳˣͶѵҪ
ŵĻһ֣ҵĴүͬϲΪ죬ԵҲλٵϷˣҲ֪ǵľͶһΪĲֻԼҲΪ˼е档˭ûˣ˭ûСܲǸһɣ
֣ǮҲǡѾ򲻵ʳˡԽǼиԽԴУǰԸ֣ͷ֣ҴүҲ򵥣ͶĻĹ˳綼ҪƳŵģЩӹˣǼҵļҲܱסΨͶãܱȫ󲿷ֵļҲơ
˵ĵʧرأ֣ĶаգԸͶ
ЧҲ
ſڵط󣬶ҲλãͷĴһ·ȥ
һͷ
ЩԸѰգµŵϲˣˣȽ˰ɣ͵Ǳȫݳеϰˡ
ϲЩ˵İδģЩ˵Ļָ̿ﵽҪĽҪġ
Ϊ˱ԼȫΪ˰յѡ񣬵ϲ¶ɣƺǱ˵Ļ˵һЩ
Ǽ״ΪǿϣԽî˾Ȱ
һȥȰ˰ʱ
ϲװһװģվ˰ʱʵɬЩŲסˡ
ƫͷ󣬵ϲͷЩҡҡ׹ˣҲſڳʶڲˣмһ˿˿ˮŵ
ǱܣԱЧ͢²ܰգ಻ܻСͶǵĹȫǱһ˵Ĺʧպ͢Ҫ㣬һ𣬾ж汾ٵ
ϲԴǣж˲ˡ
ϳſڶǽϣһչ۵ס
ϳϲǸˡ
ҿС˲Ŷԡⲻκθɫʵ۵СҲǵˣֻҪﾡãдô
߿˰ϷҲˣͶѾ˰϶¶¾ûһԸĹսģˣ˭£
ϲҲ֪һ㣬Щ֮Ͷ
⿴˿ɫ
ǰһ컹ûйȥҲûʥϸǰʳԡ
ȷʵֻһ칦˼ݳǣûзһһ䡣
Ͷһ¶ǰĹʵ۵ݽ˵ϲͶձŴפ˼ݳǡ
ϲҲͷһμλеĹʵۡͶʱ̲ס˺üۡᰡΪֻͰĹþѾֶΣܼ
ϲٴȷԼûиˡ
ĵ誻᲻ΪڼݰԼֱ֣ӰԼˣ߰䵽ĵطҲδ֪
ڵϲԼˡ
誵ȷһˣҲ˲ȥ꿼ϵĽʿȴûнϲ
ϲˣѾϳ˸šСһȴʱƣҼͶһҲǳ˴ԼܹܲӲŰɣ
課ûжԸһٶʾء
ĹĿƶȸְ֮ٺ»Ҳˣʲôү֮ٺ»֮٣ֻͷʵְµĲٺ»졣
ϲʵ壬Ǯ飬課ںʲô
ǵϲΪ´𺳡
Ϊ֮ǰ˵ЩǺģû뵽һүǿǺүҲܵүĻõҵ
쿪ˣڲž
ΪүݣϲԼԴ֮󶼲һˡ׳ǰϲڼһΨΨŵŵ֨׳֮ڼ޷ˡ
ˣЩϲԼܵʮȫй˳һٺһŭֱ֮ӰӸ˼ݳǡ
һ쵽Լ⣬׵׵ĻҰɣ˺үɲźˣ
ϱϳȥʱͿˡ
ʶľ׼˼˻û⣬״žȵˡ
֪ҲǴѣάȡ
ϲͶһµ³۷׷ףɴûδսȽ׳һǵϲı͢ҲΪôһŮѾ˸ҵû߶ˣֱŭ⣬Ӷˡ
Խó¶Ƿˣƽʳ֮͢ȴһ㵣ûСҵŮ޳ܣ޲ֱӽֱնס
ȰסˣҾͲֻǾöûôˡ
ҵĶһ˶ŮϢүݼڣŶ뿴ˡ
Ȼ˲ڿ⣬ȴܹ󿪷ĻҡԱһߣһжôƽ˾¾á
˴εϲͶ誺ܴ誾ã󹥴ǳȫԽӣʱֲʿֲõȫء
˼أ誵Ŀ·˿¶ϡԶ涼أͬҲҪ
˵ϲṩĿͼ֮誸˰֮Ѿ˳⡣˴ȸУȥǶ̽Ϣȴ̽ϸĥһ¡
ϲ誶涼ڱصã֪Ĺ϶ǲ׷ġʱҲ˵ϲ
Ҫ誼סһǲģüⷢءǺϲëԼʥϣ΢ͬ涼֪ĺã΢һԣ


133  
⸮Ҳסˡ
ϲ誸ǰ˴֮, ȥ㿪ʼϸϸĥȰˡ
ϲΪѵģ֪ҲʲôԼ֮ˣֻǮȨϱȽϼᶨ, , һŶǿǵķΧڡ
ϲд֮󣬽ҹȥ涼
ڶ涼֪մӴ۾ûü, ͷ˵мĿ
ʲô¶ôż
Ǽݵ˴˽ҹ͹ġ
ǵϲ, Ժ۾Ѿ߽ȡ
һʶ֮Ųš
֪ǵϲĹ, еʧų͢ٻ, ֪Źȴˣ͢һûûΡ
ٿţϲȫƪûһ仰˵Ͷ, ﻰ޲ҫԼͶ֮ʲôô
ϲø, Ȱ
Ȩ, սսô꣬Ϊ˱ס֪ͷˡ水ų͢, ս, ֻ˷۱, ʲô̲, 񲻿ϧ
͢ʲΪս, سǲ, һûС˳ƶΪȻܱסҵ
˳ǳ˭˳Զ
ԺֽͶҲصġֻҪԸĹȺ˱һʮȫʮķӣȫһ
ϲ֮󣬳ãʵγ֪Щأ
һգûôڵ£ֻ˴ĹֵĶˣ˵ѾѼε÷аҲľ֮٣Ȼǲԩˡ
ǰҲĹٻһսĹĹšǻĹȴûдͶ˼ϵ¶ս׵ġ
ȴˡ
ȻôľӣĹǰҲһɢɳ
ʾʲôУ֪ܲΪ̫֪ˣŶһսްաôǱľֻ֣ʲô壿
ͬѡѾ涼ˣɾܲһһ涼ȻãˣǴδҲ̫˳˰ɡֲµĺ¶ռˣ
誵׻ǴһսĴ㡣
ǵϲһֱǰƶ϶Ͷ
ҲûţϳŶ֪涼ȼݿɸӶˡ϶¶ҪͶ涼ȴв̣սҾߣ˭ӶЩʿڵطӰҳѡ
ȻҪͶ޲õͶԼһүͷЩϲĲͬ⡣ΪԼĺųӭУĹǵĳţǾȫ

ʥ֪ôҲ֪ôǸ˭ġ
֮ʣȴѾִ涼
;ǻ˳ոһЩСسǣͷжĹģһǣǸӲͷƴسǣκ˫ȭѵ֡Ƴ֮ʱֱлˣҲ׷ȥ
ĿЩȥûüֹ
û취䲻ӵ֮ʿˣȷȷʵʵΪȥ˵ģһҲɱʣȴҶ֮С
̾ϢΨûкڡ
֮бûʲôƽԡˣ˾ͻΪĹʵۣȻĶ
սޣԱġȴ˶ͲǰĹԽǸԣԽ졣ΨнЩ֮˶ˣгõİ׳ĹҲǶ塣
һգһͳս³
һ·նƾžԵѹƣĹӴްܼ
ֻǲ֪涼ָΡ
ûǣҲܴӳǽ֮涼ķ˿ڼݣķؽ磬Ǵ˶ϧ
ˮףδս֮ǰǽ˳ҲΣ𻵰һһߡ
ǿҪҲͬҪ調ɲϣıɹ
ĹΧǣھҪҪսٴۡ˵ҪͶҲͶΪкڣ治˦󿪳Ͷ
ͷöҲų
Ѿʧ˼ݣʾٶ涼ȻɹȥıͲĹĶ֣˼ÿÿ仨ˮ
ȥԬϾԬԬҾɶǾúˣ֮ܽ
ֻĨ
ԬߵģΪ黹ֵһ췭ظǳ˸Ԭ飬û׼ԬѾˡѾַˣôܻʲôԬǲģֻܳص׳ˡ
ҲֻȨ֮ơ
ȥ˾˭ԸأʱЩûĵղúߣųͶ˼ŭɶ
Ѿˣ涼ͶֻЦһȺֻͶķ
ȴܽҲø涼غã
ѣҪǰ´˵
˭ްҲ䣿
ʲľģһּȥ
͢涼м仹ĹӣҲּ⾿͵УȻǰʥּȥˡ
ة಻ɫĽһпУſžЦˡ룬ʵõĹأûǣҲҡ
Ҳ֪⣬ʥּĹ˲ûš
ǣڳСûʲôĳȴΪһʥּʸùѪͷ
Դ֮ϬֱӰѳˡ֪Լʱôʮˣ
ţŭˡ
ǶûжأѾгһն˳ǣñǧˣ
ɶʲôûȴװһ̫ˡУȻˣܵҲҲɡ
ҲǺ۸ģĹӱƽµʱ򣬳ͷϲһš
ǣԼͬĹһ¡һˡ
ΪɣҪ¡ȻûãЩ֮ǰҪս׵Ķ͵ǰߣȽĹڵϴ
ĹӴЩ˿һ㶼ġ
Ƕ̶̼չЩ˾ͱĥˡĹڹǣų켺졣ƵЩϲٲڳʲôװģļ죬˵£˳ˮ۵ؿʼͶ
ԶڿȻϢǺþöûлȻͶˣȻôĵӣگ
д
ʽţ½֮޶ҪǸʬΣ
ĵҲõȵһղС
ǵȲһˡЩһֱĹȴǱߵĹƱĹҪࡣ
ʣľѾԭˣҪ˶þܹ⸮ʥϣҪȫ桭
һ򵽿⸮ã
Ҳµ¡
ʻ񣺡ǻϽɱס
⸮ҪˣĻʵ۾ĲҪٵˡ


134  
ȥһ
鲻òһпʵʥ, ͷǮѾˡ
Щţ֮ǰǻ˽ô
ŵЩҲˡ
С͢Ŀ֧һմһաǰʥϾĹʱ򣬾Ƶؼӡֽ, ߷ҲͲֵǮ, ʼʱĵֽһһͷʮҲ򲻵һͷˡ
ոͲֽңͭǮĻ, ȻҪͭǮģûͭǮ, ԸҪοҲҪֽҡЩǲû鷴Ӧ˵ٶ࣬Լǲ, Ȼأʲô취
Щ̼, Ǿ͸ǾˣǸͲԸմֽң͢һвٲҪЩ̼Ǵ򽻵ֽòϣȻȻҲͶԴ˼, ûõʱ, Ͱǵ㴢õþ⡣ԭƶЩֽҹ, Ҳױһֽġ
Ĳ룬ܷһＺگ, ĳͬͬ͢, һ
Ｚگû, ۣ˲Լί, ͷβûʲô, ƾʲôҪＺگأ
ûһ¹Ｚگ, ʱһеĴԼϣͷʷͷϴˣʲôֻҪ϶Ѿˡ
ˣвνʧ
ڻϣܹ;֪ʵ֤ȷˡ
ǵҳҲǾ䡰Ҫᡱĥ
֮ӡֽ򵽶ٶܹӡ˵һһ㣬һһˣѾزˣѾûּۻ۵ĻᡣڧһЩ͢ٳһμңΪô꣬ҵ׶Ȼ㳭ֻ¶ǶȹǰѹˡҲҪôˣıɹ¼ҹˡ
ʵϣѾ˹¼ҹˡ
Ĺıƽ⸮вѾĥ·ˡֻʵûӡҵײģŻڴˡЩģϴϸûһǳֽ͢ҡ
ֽǿ͸ֽûʲôֱˡ˽ƺʼ·Ϊⶫֽңû׼ǻ䵽زء
ͷ˵ʲô˭ֽ˶ٶơҲһЦŪ˭أ˭⻹Ըֽ
ȥֽǸҲռطء
ĻɢʱǸ߾ڻʹҲܸܵÿջʲôʲôǵϢӣԽǾ塣
ÿ칬ͬ˵ʱʶ鲻ԽطŭسǵĹԱãŭ⳯аٹٲǣ⹬̺ɫʲôһ˵
һͨŭ𣬳Щʵʵ˵滰Ĺ˶
Σ֪ʲϲҲǰߵˡضҪϱҲǰɫһʱŭʣԼ޹˸ͷ
Ȼһʱסһٵܻᱻơ
ڻ̻̲յĽжȹһһա
ǵĿ־Ѿѹ˶Գ誵ȫ񶼱ȥˣһһǰȥվǵֲ
ľʧѾûһս֮˵Ҳ֣ǿô꣬ȴֻһԬܳŵûԬ뾹ȻҲһԳŵŻĴ󽫾
ĹǶûУľӻܿ˭򲻹Ӧùżء
⼸սУʧأڽڰˣȴԽսԽ£Խƽˡ
ﻹһ˿룬ָԬܿڽɽķݶϳڼȵԬʲǰӣȥеٸԭְ
ֻϧһֱ˾ͽΧڿ⸮⣬Ԭû¶ͷ
ȽҪͷȴڹƿڴԬǸϲģİҵڲˣ
޲ͬЩᣬãȹؼʱ򻹵˦ӣʵڿɶ񣡡
ֱӿԴ
ةͬ˽ڵ£ⷬδЩЦˡߵʱĺñԵ±ԹΪôõ¶أôõ£Ҳֲλʥϡ
ةпʮǰ˵ߣʮѾݽˡ
ԸةȵʥϣҪζԵУٶԬҲ¶ģǸϽս²źá
Ҳòѡ
ҧҧôô죿Ѿˣʲô취أʷȻ£в־塣ǶЩسǲķԱ־Ҳǳڶ֪
ȫսּ˳ǣ˻ʹʵ۵Ķһ
ɲУ
ԳҲ֪νԴľľģ뵽Ψһ仰޽ȥҪһӭսףס⸮
ةһ̾ʱ˻أؿ϶زסˣֻϵһһա
֪ͷˣĹҲ˴һձϡƽʲôأ
еȥŴҡźʿǶһѪԣλʥϾǸͷڹ꣬˵ٳ¾ѾƵˡȥ¥һ⣬ָܰ
ܾͰһʵۡ
˻ʹ֮󣬷ةͬһ
֪ѽһдã˫ҲѾȥة಻סصͷǶѾ뵽һȥˣǿطûʲôսΨǿгһطˣǱû˲֮ˡ
ةϸ֮໹ЩգֱָɱĹ誣㲻н֮¡
Ҳڣ֪˽ˡ
ûɷةȷȷʵʵˣָл誰˼죬ֱ誣ȳ󻼡ֻǻͻָûĻΪ˼ŭ誣˽ⳡҡ
ڲة
Ѿһа׵λҲѾǰ㡣ôøʶǳʧǲܹҪġƽʱΪ˻λһڸ÷µһж£ΨлŲҪġ
֪ǵĴ㣬֪Ķʻ
סˣͷöӾˡ
һʹŮûĸΣһ߻Ųǵ̫°
һУ˵⸮Ѿزס೤ʱˡ
Կ⸮Ľһ춼û¹ǰǶŹˣʵڳŲˡҪ£ĹѾϹˡ
ĹʾԼˡ
ʵǵڿ⸮Ŵ⿪⸮ҲòˣҲ֪Ŀɲֻ
ǰһҲͰˣ˿⣬誾Իһλʵۣԭ


135  
˾ͽôĲһ
ݡųȴδϢ, Դĸ£ĸųΪ˴誴£ûйһϢ
µĹ, һռǵջһ, ԴԴϵṩ衣ЩǰȴδʲôȱڣԭΪĹʤһоѿ֧Ǳߵˡ
ųϵϢ, ˵ʥѾžӴ򵽿⸮ȥˡ
ĺϢųһա
ǿ, ҲŹȥúÿһ³ۿ¥ȴۿ¥, ЩþվǰˣĹĴҲȷʵųͷڶ
ڸ, Ҳв֪Ƕ⶯ųһƣȥС
͢͹
ͬеĻлС͢ǲͬ, һͱȥ, Դʱ˿̲ڡ
пؼųԹ, ǲ죬λةͷһáųλԺ, Ȼû, ˳˳ؾͽȥˡ
˴뱲ӶǱ˴˿, ƽµʱҲͶ, ܾöԷԼһȡټ, һԾة, һȴѾǽˡ
ͥųžƺ
дĥô꣬ͥǵƢѾĥʣ޼ǰԵ϶֣̹ͥȻԭأޱϲ
ų֣תһ룬˭յĵطסⶼģ֮ͥˡ
ƺݸͥѧϯضأԴ˾ƺ͸һ죺ĹѾ˿⸮ձܹ¿⡣
ͥžƺ΢΢һ٣лһ˿Ȼ
ԭĹܽƵ˵ز
ųЦЦǷǰ˭أͷˡĹı仯ν췭ظ䲻ͷҲЩ
ͥȷնдȻ֪Ĳ࣬ɾ˵Ҳÿÿͥ㵲ѡ
ųҲӆ£ϸϸظ˵Щı仯˳㻹һ˻ϡСڶ·ǽһ糾ˮ𣬽͢ɹȥĽʿҲε÷
ǳǰˣЩˣվǱȲˡ
ͥ׼ʱɫԽʹںޣֻųȴδע⵽
ų£ʥϵǻ֮ҶһáʱʥϷһЩûа׮£Ҳڳһɡ
ͥڸһۣԣةĳЦ
ҲֻǺȻ£ͷתǧأһˡ
ųǰǲϲͥҲòôӣܵ˵Ц
ȽͥʵࡣͥΪ誣ѡͶҲΪΣγ̰С˵֮;֪ʥϴҲǿ࣬׽ˡȲ䣬Ȳúĺ׼ϡ
ų̹ȻֻͬϾҪĺϢ˶ѡ
̫ˣɷ뿮֮һߣڳȴûһѣûһ֮ˡ
˵֮ųӵ˵ϵĻҳȻÿϧǵûôᶨվʥ߸᲻һģأ
ͥʹؿǽǣתͷȥų
ų޻˵ת뿪ˡ
ٴαϣеǵҲȥ
һĻĻԺи֣ͥˮһľٴ˲ûɬһ谵Ҳ£˾Ҳ課Уһж̰Сţɻһ̰֡μȻУһڵصĴ
ֻû
ͥʹر۾
뷢
ϲ֪˶ٵηʸҲȥ
ټһ⸮ҲԸˡ
ûб˵ΣٳٲԮ⸮ܱǰߵĶƹȥˣǰôˣʣµҲԸˣƾ͢˵ǣԸ˭أܵĻᣬǶϲԸسŵġ
ֻţһһա
誴ĹռݵĿ⸮ϱߣһһ⸮Χס⸮ϾôҪȫΧסǲܵģģؼڣͷӳ
ǹ˼գѾĸ꣬ɾˡ
ĥЩ죬Ѿûжսˣ֪˹ǵʱˡ
˼̼ڣԵضųǽʮڡ
ʮ˳ײٵ
ʵûиڵҲĽ⸮仵ˣôõĳǣŪ˶ϧ
Ļ⸮±ľս˵ӣбߵӾǳ
ҲڼӽǣҪƿŵʱһ죬·ǶĲ˼֡
ĹĻڣ˾ͽɫء
شǵǡԭΪǻѾþûУŸʾءֻڵȴеĻҪ޴󡣡
Ķ¸һҲɵǽߣ֪Ѫȵĳ档
˾ͽ⻰۾ϱߣҲǱŴġ
ȳ棬ŲΪʾĹʵ۵ʮĻˡ
ǣǿ⸮ĺüеʿʹ㳲Ҳû˵סֹǡ
һ죬ȹƳţʾӱƽʳǷ
ĹҲ˳š
誽˳֮ȸ˶һϢһӻʹǸʵ۳ߡĻʳǣԿ⸮˽⣬Եвˡ뵱һų˳Цڳ֮ߣ˵ʵǺס
誵׻һ
ڳ֮ʱѾ޶ӳ˻ʹ֪ȥ򡣴誽ʹ֪֮ʹѾһճˡ˹ˣҲֻʣһЩܳˡ
ǰһǰߺȻΧһ֧׵ľӡ
ͷ˺شǡǡľӣ϶
߲ˣܼ®ɽĿ
Ⱥ˾ͽѾĶϸȥĹȺҲ˻ʹ
һȺ½˻ʹҲʶؽмŻţ·ǸƵġ
ˣüĿ忡׿ȻܳĻӣǴ˼ҽĵճΨɱĵ
Ĺʵۣ˾ͽɻˡ
ǱҲ˰ûˣҪ߽ȴǱжˡ
ŻΧŵľ˲óһ˳ȥȺ˾ͽ
ߣΧ佫ҪߣվǶ˵ߡйɲŭ䣬񣬷·һϣ˲׽
ȻһжǴҪģҪǣ誷ȶԷ
˽ͷ̣
課Ծ̧ͦͷ˲
˾ͽЩԻĹʵۣôеĲһأ
л˵
誣Բ̫Ҫá


136  
ʵĵùճ
ңңһ, ˴˶˶ԶԷĹӡ
˾ͽԭΪĹλСʵӦǸǶǸ֮ˣɽһ, ⡰Ǹ, ʵίˡ
򰵰˾ͽĸͷ
ѵǺǱߵ˳ԵñǺҪôࣿǸĳشǺ񶼱ǸһЩ, վǶȺ
誾úûӡĸͷĹ˵ôҲٮٮ, аٹҲֻżмͷһЩ
һԼΪմմϲȴսˡ
誶չȥԶͱȱ˰ͷ, ս񲻸ȡ裿
ˣкʧӲͷƤȥ
߽֮, ѹȸйȻǿˡ
誰˵׳ʲôģҲ꣬ô
ǺشȴЦͬʺá
Ҳͬ䡣
˾ͽж˴Ŀ⣬誵һЦ, ǰŲһ
΢΢죺¿ˡ
ô, ӹɣ
˾ͽĹи, ĹʵۡƺЩ
˲˸ͷҪĻʵ䡣˾ͽ誶Ѱ, ʲݵʺ֮, ж
Ҫ, ⿪⸮Ҳס
ӹһ֮, ߵֲԼͬȥ˻ܵʱæ, ¶׼, ǻʣڡͷǵĿɶĸ˰쳣ЩˣǾǹ˿⸮ҲǷķ񣬲֪Ҫ¶󹦷
оڣֻ˵ҪʵһЩɵǣͬЩڡ
˹ʱ򣬸պ׽סҪһѻС١
СҪŻ𣬻Ѹյ˾ͱסˡ
˶ʣĶȴ˴Ϊʧ˲Ǹ¶ģʲôҲ֪ݻһҲǰġ̫ܵˣ޲Լѻ
ǲõģ֮⻧˭⡣
誸˾ͽ֣Ҳ֪ԷҲܡһֱŵĸѳãڳ䶨֮ǰ߶ò֡
߶ǵ£Ȼųⷬ˭ҲûЩ֡
չȥҲ֪⿪⸮
һʵЯڳӣʲô涼ˡȫ֮ʱ͢ΪҪҪѳ۲ݡԸһˣ񶼱ѺСЩսģѾȥ
ЩطҲռˣӵҲֻྩͬһˡ
課δҪҪʤ׷ȴǲ׷϶Ҳ׷ġʵ䵽УΪ³ˣ
һ漴ͷ˵
˿ʻ᲻Ϊŵ׳Ĺ϶Ϊ˻ʲô
Ǿһǰȥ׽áҲûҪš
˶ԵһѰ
޶żͬ˳Ŷнǲǰ֮뵽һȥˡ
誸˵ĻҲСЩӵöһЩ
ʢһսоûҲȫµģǲǸͷЩս׳˶Щ˶ѡ
ˣѣһ£⻹˵ǣǲŬĻĹҲһû˾ͽ֮ǰֻǾԼŬûкùӳԣ¼֮ƶԼȻкùӳԡ
˿žͲǣֻҪҵᣬԸϣԸĹ
ҲԲ¶ӡ
뵽˰ͷйڻڻʹͷʱʷ뿮֮ʵ˵ǲ˾ͽˣ
뿮֮һľװģʥϿô룿
ޱȲ϶ࡣ
뿮֮һΣȻˡ
Ӵ֪죬ԱŤˣֻǷ뿮֮ȴҲûˣԼʥϵȻԶģ
αԼĶ̴˵ĳأ湫ӣɽУӳˣһܱȵģʵҲԼű˼ƣûбĳˡ࣬ŻΪ˴ıԶǣһܱȵù
誱ĻŭţŰɣ𣿡
ǧȷ뿮֮˵øϣΪôģ誾ôȱ͸һ
ǾǾе޵Ĵڣ
ˣ˫ִڸϣֺǺǵغ۾˯
˯ʱ룬ѹʷôĻҪ춼˵ĻʹˣҪ˶Ϊˡֻһ˵ǻã߸ǾҪˡ
Ǹùߵһ
˯£һ֮˾ͽȴš˽ԡ꣬¡
ٸأԶԭ⡣ԭһҪ⸮Ϊġһˮأ˾ͽʵԸᡣҲ֪ͬԿ⸮
˾ͽҲδЪϢһǲ˸׳죬Ҳ͵͵زĹĹ˶ٱмλֶðͷ㡭شǶòˡ
˾ͽ֮һ£սʤҲ϶ҲԪˡͷ۵Ļǻڣûס̸ܺȻáֻĹСʵҪ⸮ֽͬ
»Ǿޣסĵطʺ̫̫ࡣҹʱԣڹضߴòȴֻΪԵΪŷ¶޵ӣӻ֪ʲôʱǸͷ
ԽԽһƷ˹ݹ
ˣҪڹܵ
ةȴҲܡʲôùˣة˳ӳÿʱÿ尾Լѳˣװף˿ࡣΪءܾίȴѾٵĸɸɾһ˿ˡ
ةЩô
˷ةԼƣʵƢһձһź滹׷ʱǻƢ۷壬ÿնҪϼΣ˵ЩˣĶҲͷһҲַͨйķʽʾԼĴڸС
һʼȰƩȣǽȰĪǣȥ˶ͺˡȰ˾ˣʸûаڸ֮⣬Ѿˡ
һ·Ҳ̫ƽ
м䵽һСس֮ʱ˱Ĵۡ
֪ز֪Ӻδ֪¿⸮ܿϣΪʲôʵۣû˵֪صȴһɱġ·ʣô
л˵
ʣü


137 Ϸ 
ϵ¶ϲϷ
Ⱳûôܹ
Ĺ, ҵشӿ⸮ӳʱ򣬶ûôܹԼҵ˷, ܽܡ
ʺ޲ÿǸ˵Դ, ȴةסˡ
ةʮֳ㡣óسͷܵģҲĻ˸ĸ١˼ҹ, ȴٰ˸ɱ, ͷЩǾԲŹǵġ
ԼҰУڵйУĸԸǿҲͲö˵˰ɣ
һʱƽ˾, ڻڱ˵ĵͷϣһһ, ̰ɡ
ʲ޵ģ޻Ҫ
ة䲻ѣѾû˴ˡ
ûˣʲôʵ۵أ
Ŀһ, ٴαԹ˷ة಻ͨ, ˵, ôôᡣ
ԳĶԷةжϾѵʱɶǰӰѷةڸǰǲةһ, ةҲߵ, Ͼ, Ƕ飡
ةӦ, Ƕ𱨡
һȺõĶ, ûһĵģ졣
ةñ⡣
˶һڽ, ԼǰԺգٶԱȽյįңֻò첻ĹСӴôǻƵ۵ʱСëû룬û̥ͷСȴ۸ͷˣȻûһ㷴֮
ù
˵˵ģӪͷûһõˣһȺ
ԹˣΨûйֹԼԼԶġ
ʵԶһˣԽͷ˾ԽࡣҶ֪Ĺɵ׽ʣǿһ·ܣǿߣЩȴģ߲ˡͷĹľӸˣ׼ûǺùӳԡ
û˵ĹŴ²ûǣûйɱǲǻһ˵˵ֶءûҵԼҵˣһŭ֮´ɱ䣬Ҫʲôأ˵˵ȥǸʵ۵Ĵڿ⸮ͷĹƴһս¾ٲЩˡԣһŵԴͷһǸûɣʱʱв˵
һֻżȻʳܲסˡӶĴܿƢˡ
ǲǲͷ¶ԼһëЩˣ˭֪ǸҲ߱أ
ΪԼǿͷԸԶڿ⸮Ҳ˼Ҫ̸ͬС
յĽܹԵĸоǶڿ⸮ڱصá⿪⸮ҲҪǷҪɡ
ĹˣǸ˼֧쳣ǿƣлҲþη֡˾ͽԭһʵںѲ⡣
ζʲôζС˵һϣ˵ֿˡĹû㹻ǿ֮ǰ課˾ͽϡΪ֪֮ĹʲôĽ
調Բ⸮л㹻ĺôҲΪĹǡʱ䣬ĹԿ⸮ҲǱֵڱصã粽á
Ĺƣֵ
װģ˭أ¹Ⱥ˼ϷرһЩʿأ֮ǰûôܹѬգȴҲʦͨÿÿһõʿģ·⿪⸮ϸ÷ָǣǰ˸һһ㶵ġ
ֱ˴ûֵĶ֣ԽǱҲΪͷ
˾ͽ´ǱĹĺŪͷ۲ѡ̸飬̸㽲ĥ˵ֶβĥĻǱ˵ľ
ͬ˾ͽ״ЩĹʵǼթӲԣ⸮ֻµʱⲻҪˡ
ǿɾͶ˶ˡַ֪飬˼ҶǶˣȴڹ֣֮ͷ΢붼֪϶Ϊǿġ
ֱ˷Ц
˾ͽɫδ䣬ֻ˵ֻ㿴ġ
ܲĹ¶ϷɣǱ߾һСԿ⸮ߡѲʱĹСڴţĹռ⿪⸮Ƿլء˵ģ治ݳġ
ǿδء˾ͽȻɫСǱˣߵˣȴǱͼƶſ⸮ʵڱ𴦣ݳ
չЩô֪Ǿݳģ
Ĺ˰Ϸӹɵġǲݣᱻӵôң
ôһʣû
ҪһжϷĻͼʲôأ
˾ͽĵصÿ⸮лôɣ
ЧǸСʵȻеЩȴթúܣ˾ͽҲպʨӴ󿪿ڡ
Ҳûܣ³֪ˡ
ҲıʿǣͬҪÿ⸮ʲô
調һ⸮ֵùˡ
ǶôѪˮأܸô˺µʲô
Ȼװ׳Կ˱˻ΪǺ۸
誻һȦ䵽뿮֮ٵ³é®ȴСгɳһʿǣ⼫ˣԴӣ治Ĺġ
λ˵˵ɣһ⸮ܻٵأ
л˵
ô࣬Ҫ¶˯ˣпնдһ㡣
⣬׼˼¿ӵĴ١רӶڵģĿǰҪȹ˼ĸ


138  
䱻
ȵһ⸮, ֵùҪǰĵֺη
뿮֮һĿȻ˵佫, ˼ϸ̶ȸҲˡ, վةߣȷʵˡ
뿮֮ЦŸ˵͸ˣ˴ιĹҲǳ˲, £Ĺ͸һһ, ٷֳǣô붼ǳ˴
誾ˣ΢΢밮, һ
뿮֮룬ȻףȻǲġ
ȫʨӴ󿪿, ռף޲Ĺ춼ռϱˡ
誡˻һ֪ԼЩϲ쿪, û뵽ô쿪
ȫǰӲڽŵĦ, ͬż, 
ȻιҲǳ˲, ͵˱, ǴǼ̶Ƶ, Ҳֻռɽһ, ڱ, û֡, ǴƬƬؿɶǴġıҲԶ֮ϣ˼ҵĳǳضһһģȴ඼ǿɹƭƭģƩݡ
Ϳ๦ߣǱȲ۲Ҫĳ̶ȣȴԶʤˡ
̧ͷ˿һۣ̹ϵҲ͹ôǣʲôҪÿ⸮ȡôô϶ͬġ
˵һƬĵطûйء񣬵սʱ̫̣ûüѿȫһֻһǰȥ̽飬δ浶ʵǹض
ƱػԱĹЩʿĸǵģǱҪҲԸսɱװ׶
ȻҪɱǾͺˡ誵Ծ˺Զɽꡢƺޣȫ⸮λΣ
о˺ӣԭĹһͳϱʱڵģһһСĹ˺ָպĽӴҲμˡ
ɵֻǳɽһػء
課ģҲ⼸µĹ򡣡
ôãôֻռ˼Ǳˡ˾ͽӣָʹء
ǲڿսˣǰǿںż©ôٲãԷżڸ֡ҲҪȥģǲͰæ֣˳һصķ
ԽԽÿУԼ뷨˵һ飬Ȼڳûһ˾֣Ӧ뿮֮ǿˡ
뿮֪֮ͬ˲úŪתһ£Ȼ䡣
侯س㿴
뿮֮һЦм¶ϡ
䱳ëˣ˵һ׼ûġƽӲ飬϶Ҫ

գ⸮ﴫЩСϢ˵ĹһʿԵڽгԷǮϰҪʱ߳ŭϰһ١
ⱾûʲôǶˣ˭ԼĹҲأʵ۵ĶѾˣЩջָ˭ǳɣ˵һǧһԷǮҲʲô¡
ֱͷ˵ĹΪֵûͦ׵ġλȻ˰ӡ
ֹһô˵ۼˡ
ôһٶĿ֮£Ŵʮӡ
İӲ࣬λĹı鰡ܴ˶ٰӣͬ˲졣λ鱻֮֮ǰµʿ˹ϰǸԼ֮ǰǷµծˡ
Ϊôֻʥϲڿ⸮Ϊѹաҷ˴鶼˹䡣ʥ˵ˣ˸ҷ²ϣҪݺݵպҿɲˡ
⻰˵꣬Ȼһ塣
ĹĻʵۿһλѵõˣֲܰĹþǵĻʵҲܸ˼ӵĶѧѧǾͲزˡ
һʮԴ٣ȷǳ㡣Ĺ鱻˰ӵϢĴͬʱĹƵҲˣԽԽҲͬһ㡣
װҲ侮ʯ۸ǣ˵ѾܲˣοĹĻʵۻǳ
һʱ䣬⸮İǶãĹ˹ܣƺҲôԽܵ¡
ѾﵽԤڵĽĹ˶Դϲ䡣
Ȼ֪Ϸ˿ģǣһ춼û˼Լ¡
뿮֮˵֮󣬻ܵȥ֪̽ԷòϣϺõĽҩ
ʱ뿮֮ڴ߼ʵز˲Ͳڵ᣺鰡ؿ˴ˣͷұضʥϺúõһ㡣
޲޵ϣʥͣϼ
ĸ뿮֮ûˡ
뿮֮ԷԱãʱ򶼸ɴࡣ
¶û꣬ʱĹļթƻ
˾ͽסѾֹһʹ޳ˡᵽһʵ۵ĸܣĹʵ̫ˣ˵ֶλ治֪ǵôģѵСû˵Ȼˣ
ޣЩĹ˵ҪʲôѲǾÿЩľѹҲδ̫ˣ
㼱ʲô˾ͽʡ
ǣŭ壬˼Ҷ۸ͷˣ㻹̵ס
ʥϲ޲ֱЩɶŹ˶ϳ⸮ȥ
⿪⸮ֲǵģ߶зݣȴҪҪ
˾ͽһۣǰҪҪ

ôַˣԼҲ˽ȥһʼҪ̵ģǡ
˾ͽ侲ͬ˵ֵǮĹ˾˵˿ģ˵ҿġ
̽ʣͼʲô
˾ͽֻţΪ˿⸮̸ͬС
³ˣ̸ҲֻܱĹǣűߡǴ
ŵǾԲԸ
˾ͽҲ֪㲻ܡĹ̫ˣһһ˾ͽ¸˶ǣȫûбҪиҪҪһ⸮ҪСѾҵʵŵˣྩ˾ͽ˵ʱʲôҪ
ڴ֮ǰҪĹ˴ɹʶ
˾ͽ⣺սѿ֧һӦ׼ã˳Ļ̣һ·ո;еĳǳء
仰˾ͽ¹誵һ
ʵҲȺʱˣǻʵۣǽӴʱȴ࣬ͷ誶Ѿˣϥ̸׼
ɣܲÿ⸮Щأȫһˡ
Ըܽ˾ͽɡ


139  
ةࣺһȥɡ
֪˾ͽ, ⿪⸮ѾˣҲҵˣ˾ͽһط̫á
Ҫ, 
誺о, Ŀǰһ谭ֻҪһж˵
˾ͽش֮ٻЩ𾪵ġ, Ҳ֪ǲ̫ƲˣȻֻˡ
, 䵽뿮֮Ӽ⵽ͷ״Ԫ̽һʮˡ
, Ѿݺݵѹ˶棬Եǵһ㡣
, 
˾ͽ֮һϰڷŵĲˮǰҲʱڲģڵĸǾС, ֪˶˼
һ, ˾ͽ㿴ĹжĲࡣ
Դ䲻, ȴԶû秵ĽĹȺ, ͱǻһ
, Ĺܱģ, ˹ˡ
誻һʣ֪, кιɣ
˾ͽü֪
誹¶ȷʵ֪, ´ͽ̡
˾ͽһ, ʵϲȥ˷ʱ䡣ֱֱЩĨǵķϻ١
˾ͽҲԸȥģֱͬ誵⿪⸮ֻ˳ǣ֪ɷܸ
ôأ誱˾ͽֱŪôһ
ôͰѵˣ˵䳡滰𣿵Ū֪ô½ˡ
課ÿڣ뿮֮ȴؿ˿ڣҲô˵ǹƳǣĹҲ˴ĹǼڣǰףҲֻƵԼҳĹһ°ɡɻԼأӲŵĻᱻ˳Цġ
˾ͽ΢΢ϣЦЦؿ˶ԷһۣûոˣƤӣչҲȷʵǳ̵ģǲ֪гˡ
뿮֮ŭˣ˵ĳָľڴҫ
˾ͽмһ˵Ц
û뿮֮Сһ˷У˵ҲûҪͬһĹĴ󳼼ƽϣ˻̫ˣۡ
жϲ˵Ĵڡ
뿮֮Ц̼òᣬҪţȴةش˵֣һֱˬ˵Ҳǿ˿ǳ⡣ڳܲ顣ҵȽǰΪ˽⣬ˡ
뿮֮ŭˣ̬ȣǽ̬𣿡
ѹѹ֡
뿮֮״ر͡
ʵҪǻ˵Ļ϶ܰ˼϶ǻ˵ġ
ǿˡշ֢ͳڽʽ棬Ƶ˵ϰˣһʷԷȴûôĻӣϲżɽ
ҪĨȥû̸ˣ
£̹ҪġԷѾ㹻̹ˣҲøԼĳ⣬
˵⿪⸮ԭأ˭ҪأҶйͬڣ⸮øҲʲô¶ֻǴ˴ĹΣ֮ʾ޴⿪⸮ܵáñĵطҲɣ
˾ͽЦһĹǳһˡҪֻҪ̫־ˣҪʲô
誳˺ӵԶȫΣ
˾ͽһ˲˺Զǲɽһྩһ϶ȫأɽѾĹ˵ƿ֮ˣǲҲǵģྩطҲǸ⸮ȴ˺ôһأڶǸë֮ء
ԤڵҪöˣ˾ͽֱӦ£ãӦˡ
ˬ죡
˾ͽˬ죬ѽ׷ˡҪģֳһظĹ͵ǰˡ⸮ЩҲʲô
˾ͽ⣬Ҳ⡣
˺ӣϱĽܸͨ˳ҲңҪЩطʳģǶȻڿŲۣǿ˱һƬ֡طֳʳڸлã調ɻĶˡȥ֮󣬶Ҫһֵȥģһ֮ǰȥ㿪һ㡣
ȻҪǡ⿪⸮Ҳղס
û㹻ʵɻסˮأư͸ˡ
鶨֮߳׽˿⸮
գϣ׼ٽȫȫУûܻ׽ʣĻң׶ҸȼĿܡ
һǧƵžӸںͷǲٴ̵ģôŶˣɲĹľͷ˭һҲԸ誶ڵ⣬һ˲٣ȴ׵ôĵأ㣡
߿սʱĹԱҡźˣʵվסˣ㳯ųŷڣԵǲôûá
Ĺ˶ϲֻ˼ڣȴ˶ٺһ겻ֹ
˾ͽһпĹϵ¶Ҫʱѵûг
˾ͽı뷨ǸĹʵǲƤȴ㹻ĺǺһ·ǳʱȴûҪ֡
˾ͽ誵Ĺ۸𽥱øӡ
һιʤ֮˾ͽѰ˻ͬ誶˵һ
˾ͽһعֱ֮ͷһ仰ʣ㲻ϲս£
˽˵Ȼﶼˣֱˡ㡱誶˾ͽ˽һʶҲûڣֱӳϣ١
ΪΣ
ֻҪսѪɱ¾ͥɢ˭ϲ
˾ͽĬĬ룬ͦϲġ
ûһɾͰҵľսΨͨսܲԼܲԼ
սʲôñ˷㣿
ΪʲôһҪͨսķڷǿ󣬾ƣ̺壬Ȼ˲˳ܹ¸¹ģϲװģȷûͨսĹӰԸԸԭΪϣǱ۸ͷˣҲ̲ˮġ
˾ͽЦ誵棬ȴҲûзʲô
뷨ͬϸ˭Ҳ˵˭αأ
˾ͽ˵һ䣺Ըгһܼ˵һĻ
¾ĿԴɡ誶Դ˻Ǻĵġ
˾ͽȴţ¹ҲǹĹ
Ҳֻ˵ô仰һ㱻˴ϡ֮󱱽ʱ򣬱һֱûҵ˽ͷĻˡ
սĹ޴Ļڱһʱɱ񣬷ɱ֮ûһܳŵùյġ
һ࣬Ѿྩˡ
ϢٴУһˡֻûӳɣةסˡ
Ϊ棬Ϊǵة඼ܷ뿪
ѾһˣɲӵڶأÿζӱڵĹײİ嶼Ҫѹסˡ
ةҲǲĿһ·ةڻѡ̹Ȼԣͬʵ֮գһͶɡ
ʣ
˵赭дȴ캧ˡ⣬⡭ëɣúúõĸҪ
ûأ


140  
ʣԶûü˵
ۿྩҪ, ةһյ͹һա
ؼ֮󣬷ةţһ鷿, Լյ, ò
˶˽̷ºɷû˿ӦȻʧؿ, ߹ȥһۡ
ֻһۣ˱̲ס, ִɷϣοαعЩ˵л
ةյţеʿд, Ҳддģô޷Ǿһ˼ѳԭǴӿ⸮˳, Ѿ˵ڡĹѾ׷ϵྩӣǾҪųˡ
Щ˲ϣةԾ֮ҲϣԾΨԾ, ϴˢ֮ǰ
˽ж, ˵
֪ǵĴ, ƲЩ˵ƣЩʵǶ, ǻ, ҿԸԸ
˭ηֻûԼ, Բһվ˵ۡ
֪Լɷ߲, ԲżȰ˵ҲؽǵĻ, ܹ黹ʥ, ͷЩԷվֻһʱġ
˶óة᲻֪أ
߬ӵ֣Ц˵ˣԿηòǵԸ
һ˵ˣЩԷɲֻһʱֵòãǾһߡ
˼ҪҲŭˣȻҪԾģҲ١
㲻ءةల̸·ԷһѰС£ΪӸλòѳ㻹ᣬֹܽһСαǵν
˿޵Ҳ֪ν
ةԡǿԣôѡһ·أǱƵˡ
᣺ûˣҾ͵ˡĹʱһ˷ҡ
ҲᡣΪĹΪ׼֮ͽ޹֮˴ɱġ
֮󷴵ġʵة֪ԼԾõĽһ棬ҲΪıѾӹһأеڶءҲΪ̰
ɴѳ󲻾ĹƿǷҵݺıһݳ·
Ƿɵġ
֪ѾȻٲ̣ٲԸȴҲȰϴ档
ة̹Ȼ
÷ةвĲᣡúõĻ˲ҪȥꡣԼһˣҪ޹Լһ
ƾʲôҪûɱ˷Żû˭˭޹ľˡһˣֻүҪȥˡ
Ϊةಽƣʱ䶼ЩҼ
գ԰ɢԶһʱɵƵС
ڿˮ뵽˺뵽˺ǾͶԾ
ǷةѾеħ˭֪᲻ˮԱµֽţԼͶԾأ
֮Ĳް
ʴһ£Ҫأһת겻ɢķةࡣ
ôͷˣ
ʶҪߣȴةסˡ
ةˣ֪ںʲôһ̾ȴǰ˵ʥϣĹն˻ڣĹҲԽˣλȥӡ
ԭȰȥģһ뵽Ĺ˸Ӳƣ־ɥʲô취˵Ҫྩֲͬ⡣
þͺڣྩܳһšʾãıȽϿֱȱֹһЩ¶Ѿͷˣȴྩڻš
ةŻྩĶӣ
ȥ
ǱǸë֮ء
ˣŸӦȥǶֻǶĹϡдʣɽڣûգαظӲŵأҲֻ̰ǾûҪǶϡ
ԣƶ
ة೹ʧˡǵʥΪ˻һ涼ҪˡʱˣûҪͬǶϣѵҪƵһ϶ʣʥϲŻô
ˣȰ棬ةҲԸ϶λϾһ֮ĲԸҲûʲô취Ƿةȥǰ
µ˳ϵĶ࣬ʸ̤ȥ㷢ͷչŹ֣з·һӲȥѹָࡣ
֪ΪʲôΪԼС룬ȴ֪̩ȻλڰкλҪ˵
磺ʥϣѾҪƳˡ
ʻʣزסˣǻضã
ֻ¾£ྩǡ
˲סˣʷةࣺôҪ£ô˵
Ƿ˵Ļϲ˴µġѾüëˣѵҪ
õһˣ
˵űѾվ̳ǰȥѣ
˵䣬ͷһȺӦ𡣸һӳģٶе̰ͬʱûʲôô˵Ҳͻˡ
˵׼Ψзة໹ԭء
ʵһ䡰ù㡱뿪ˡ
ǰŸ̤żʲôӦ
ʻͷͻأؿһ˵ѪУŶУһӣѪԴԴϵʡ
ŵؿһĻ
ղŻúõķة࣬˵ûûˡǰ۾ֱضʣ·ڳ
ŵôһս
Ҳһӣ¶ɣƺԼǲҲ
Ҳֻһ£˿ҲͶ࿴ۣתԥˡ
FǴԸԸ
ţҪһ˽Լ
ʻеӵģ֪ѵãԽǼҲһˣڼȴһû
ܵ·߶滮ˣһ죬ʶѾӳˡ
ֻһأûôˡ
ƺֹڴˣһ˸̤йñ誸˾ͽš
һģһİϷֻһرˣأϡ
誳죺ɰʱ¡
ʾԼǻˡ
û׼ɷݻǷةģҪôôأ
ԳУʲǵĵ£ǹʹ飬Ҳ
ʴļӣʤʲ˼ڣȴ۾һգˡ
ʣ
ֹȴʲôû˵
ЦʣʲôҪ˵𣿡
һ£ڣ˵ףûþôȥĴ㡣Ҫʱʲ֪Լж຦£ţûϵĻţҲǿ
ʶ߶µص롭
δ˵꣬誺Ȼһƺߡ
ϸһؿڶһ֧ɫ
ҲûϵıʣһѪĿɿڴض˾ͽ
Ҳ㵵ؿ˾ͽһﶯ֮ǰһ仰˵
˾ͽ֪ɻ󣬵еá
һʼû׼ʻ뿪ྩ
л˵
ʣĿ


141 д 
Ĺ˱Աԡ
ǡ˺ݻࡣ
̾
, ϶ûΪ᲻ɱˣǻհǰ˺, ΪĹ, ɱһʵۣѡ͸ͥһ
˾ͽɱ֮, Ƥûжһ£ȻƽطԸʬ
һ䡰ᡱ, ʴˡ課²⣬·̫࣬˾ͽӦ뽫ʬֱӶڵġ
ϾҲ氡, Сʵʵڲβ˽½
˾ͽƳƳ, ĮԸꡣ
⻹ǶԷͷһء̧ͷɷнµشھ飺ҸͷŲˣ׷һ, ȲֵǮ, ⻹̸, Ӷ׬ˡ
˾ͽ
ⲻҪɣȻĹ, ĹȺ˲ҪǸѧġ
誻õİ취, ϧ㲻, ´ؼǺˡ
˾ͽˡ
課, ϶ûϡ
ǰ׷һ, ϲٴھ, Ƕţ٣
ͻأȥûֻƬһԶûü˵󳼼ˣҲ֪Ǳŵˣʶʱ񣬶δ̬
調Լλˡ顣
λҲû֨ǵĿǸӣ
Ц޲޵ĶѾνˣȻһǻʲôȥޱˣб¾ڿ⸮صĴһǲŽйȺӶˣԼӱָܿǡ
˽Ƕ롱ȥ
Ȼģǳֿȭܵеù˶ˣɱѺŻȥˡ
µ˻йļλӡ
調˾ͽɬѶ²ǲɱġ
ȻĬһ誱̤ˡ
ȥԺ󻹾طͷиѾԾķةࡣ
˵λةҲӱô˼ΪԼΪˡ
誾ӣҲ˰ɣ
˾ͽ֪ʱҲ˵䣬Ҳ䣿
Ϊβ䣿
ҾͲӱѾ˳⣬ѳǲ̫ЩԼǱ˱ģ˭֪ء
һѪة̵óס
ʵ޻˵
û˾ͽȻ˽ԷˣǴһС˼ڵģԭлĻ᲻Ҳ̡̫
һӦú誱˽ҿסˡ
ྩĵ̣ϵǮˣǿɵÿˣǸˡ
йͷ飬һɢ
ԲգͷҲ֪йеˡĻʵ۱Ѿˣ˵ʱĹֳġĿһ㶼ʣڵй֣֮ǸԸ
˵йͷԸģȻֻзةࡣ
һ˶壬֮ǰһ£Ҳˡô˵ة໹Լһ
ڷ룬ǾͲö֪ˡڸۡĹľӰΧ֮ʣĵıԼ˵ΣĹûٽһĴ㣬ֻǳǮƣҲȫߣٻһ㡣
żнʣһҵб
ɷûˣҵûˣֻʣעֻƶˡֻڷãԼ˵Ψһˡ
課ǵļңЩ󳼵ļȫˡ˴ྩǿ⸮ЩסĵطһյĽҶķ㡣ûã誱׬˺ôһʡ
⻹Ĺƣɱ޹ֻǳЩ֮ؽྩǡ
˾ͽ˵º󣬾Ĭá
調ɲ֪Ĺ۸ֱ˲٣б˲ռ˵ͷ誸뿮֮׬Ǯ׬ÿɸˡ
ͷȱһţ٣ָǮۿ
ͷĹپ˽ѵˣҲûֵá类ȴľϡ鱾ΪԼҪ˶ñԴŵأ˭뵽ǽηȱȴɻв
ʿбãҲӽܽܡ
ֻ̹׸ûС
ӵôпմٱ˵ˣ⼸µսѾͿˣʹȥʹȥˣĻʣġ
誴ʧͷ飬ҡҡͷǲˡ
ˣҪɱͷ˼ôĶᵽɤۣΪԼˡ
˭ȵڶȴǻĺúõġ
鵨սľ̽һ¿صĴˣԷȻ̬ȲôãȴҲû׼ĵز
һ˼̬ȣϰµģ⵽ҪǲҪأ
һﲻģͬеλǡ
ǵһһ죬ûȵԼҪͷصָȵ˴Ϣ
ͬԼİʵǷŹˣ
˭֪أˣԭڿ⸮Ⱥ֪
ҡҡͷ
һ·æŻŵģпմЩ飿ǶûأȺֻҪŭĹˣҲĶȥ
ֹһգ鷽ţȻҲûˡ
˵ҹ˼Ȼʣ֮ⲻƽһ׷ȻʶȥԾйʱʬ嶼Ѿ͸ˣԸ½λˡ
׷˲١ķţ治֪ǲǷ̡
ôĻӣһû£ȫΡԾˡ
ȻϢûع񡣷ŻԼСѾס飬˿ٴ뽹֮С
ֶôпᣬܻ
һ߶ͬ˾ͽѾ;˴ֳͬɨƽ²أһ
Ĵ誸ںɶˬˡ
Ҫʵڲʣ򣬴ȥ߾ˣҲǳǰ浲š
ֻϧ˾ͽǿطȤ
̶һദ˾ͽ誵ӡڲϻֲ֮С
誴ӲĹľǰȥ棬ÿζ赭д˷żڣȴΪ⼸ڶƺĹһ㡣
ڽ֮ĹҲƵƵųϢԼһս޲ʤĻµ֮ʦ
ǲɱˣܽһձһպá
ţƤǴȥģ㲻ô֪жͣΪĹ˻ᴵձΪĹЩ
ùǺǰͷƴƴȴ˼ժӡ
Ĺս޲ʤޣս޿ƥУ
ĹȺˣһֻ֪ˣˣƤӣ
˾ͽֲĹ벻ͨΪƫƫĹȥҪ˵ĹһôûУ˾ͽҲţимˣֺ˵á
ëͷСӰˣмＸлϣҪݺݵشһ
֮ڤڤ֮⣬ûգȶȫƿ֮һ칦硣
УҲڵõһĻᡣ
ԽűԵĽڣݺһȺҪָĹˣ
ҲǸмӣ


142  
һжʤ
칦ڴྩʱ򿪵ġ
εʱֵ, Ѿ붬ˡĹѾĹƿء÷ྩŷԺҪྩ, ڴ˴යƬ, صȨϵ
칦棬˵ؼλʿϯ
ֻ¶̼, Ǳ±֮ȻӦɧЩЦ
Ĺߺ, ˾ͽºαߵôĹʵֲһ·ˣ
˾ͽһ·ˣ˭һ·, Ⱥ
һҭȻҲǡ
, ΪΪĹѣѣ׽һЩֺη˵н˵ıҪ
˾ͽ˵, ֿ˿ʹ, Ȼ
ǿ׳, ȱսʿ, Ⱥȶ, Щԭ˾ͽԼҲЩ, ô, ԼǰĿƫࡣ
е˶Ƶĵ, ĹȺ˾͸֪ʲô, 졣
ϣĹձթҲ⻰δ̫˰ɣǿ˭
˾ͽимģ˵ãֻĹ˲ǣűѹŲͷȻĹ֮¡
һôĩҪͬúñȻȻˡ
˾ͽ֪ĸݰɲʲôô£ϣ˴칦λĹСܳ㱾£һ硣
һʱʧӣܱһͷá
һŨŨʤӦμνġ칦硱
ʵ칦粻мһˣʵǺͷûг൱ˡ
⼪ﻹͦ뷨һطͿʼԼĹƣɾ£ġ
ǣЩ˻ˡ
һðնص¶˽ѵԭЩ˲ֱܷЩ棬ЩǼ١ͬʱҲ裬ĹֶΣҲ۵Ӱ졣룬ЩֶõϣջԴ
ܰѳֵס˹ƻԣĹ治ʲôö÷ţѹš
գྩһƬֵա誽˿˿ⷿǴʳʩסּȲǮĵİϷӦ֡
ྩصĴ𼰲īйǰͷٰճĹʵʵ¡
⻰ò֪ζӳ£ʳôģǴྩġǵʳģĹǺư
ɽҲп˵
칦йྩͳǻ˱ĳǣδݵôı͡
ֵսʱҲûôĽϯˮ׼Ҳһٽ
˵ĿⶼھϣھƹѲ֮Ĺ֮ġԡͷ
Ѳ̲סˣʹ˸ɫµһԱͽվĹ佫ֽУøλʵˡ
Ա󽫽йغ֣߰˳ߣˣͲһмܵסġ
ͷ뿮֮ζش˼ңҪȥԣ
ȥȥȥ뿮֮ذһۣϹʲô⣿뺦
֪һﲻңҲֻǶһ
ڣΪǰʱЩˣ˼вձ̫ңδǡʱʹҪĵ˼ǾͲˡ
һҪˣͼºȻӺվ˳
誸ǰʱݣòƽƽͷҲ̫ߣ˻ݣžͲܴġ
ˣǰȥλؽɡ
Ȼģºϯ֮ȴϸԸǧСģ
ºһǣ㾶߹ȥ
غּº㿪ʼԹ̫ôҲɸӦսʲô
ôҲǽأսһСඣӮҲʤ֮䡣
ºߵм䣬ŶԷȭŵ´ͽ̡
ĹСգ
塣
غһԼˣһֶûеˣȻǰԣغֱһ˲ֱȷŸ࣬վǶʮѹ
ºֻͷȰ㻹ǻȥֿԡ
ºǣһ˿Ц⣺˷ֶѣ̸ηͷұΪ˳ͷֻΪ񽫾ֽУѵؽΪ˳ͷģ
ݡغֲϲˣЩƤӣڳƣºɣС
ûƵùºҲмʮ˰ȫʹǴͷһͷȥܰѵ䴩ֱǴͷȻ̫۸ˣغԷһѵȴҲûô
ֿȭŲ˴ˡ
ºһġ
˱˴̽һغģºԴ
غͽÿÿƳʱǰͷ޵СֱӶϵĻӮ٣ȡ
˼Ǽ䣬ºһ
غּˣԸپֱӽһȣⲿһˤº˦С
ʮþȣֻҪºأεıԱɡ
˭ǧһ֮ʣºֱԹغֵΪᣬѹŶ⣬ѸתһȦ
غͻˣҪѾˡ
ɲǼ䣬ͬʱŵأºްѸغŵأͣȫѹ⴦ôԶ誶ͷλ
һЦ˾ͽ⡭᲻°
˾ͽúܣƸ첲ˣйд򣬴ȥӺþˡ
˵ôƮƮģ誺ȻͲˡ
һӮǰɣû뵽ӮǴͷ
ͱɫԼĲԼۣæ˽غַȥ
غɫģ۵Ҫȥ˸첲ûˣֻʵʵߡ
ºˣһ֮㰲ˡ
ûעǸɱʵǽ˿ĿɿڴºԸۣҲв׷ֱص誸ǰһվ׮Ƶġյ
˷ŻȻԭ˻һء
ѾǷ֮ˡǷʱ̣ȥľǣֲһʼǸĻº¶ġ
ǹģĻС
һҶĿˣĹ˻ǲٵģֻµ͵δǰ¶
һ̾վųԸͬλֽֽ̡
ѾҪˣòӡ
ֻǺͷҲиȲҪܵĴͷٺһЦôأԸӡ
ƹ䣬ȥǰ
Ĵ´ԶͷźԵù֡
˸Ӵ򲻵һȥˣȴҪһԸߵˡ
νԱСֲ飬˾ˣ˻˵ʲôɣ
߱Ѹٵؽ
ʤʤ֡˶ºһսʤΪƾ㹻֮ʲôһжʤأ
˶Ǵ󿪴ϣĺйԣ֮ͨˣⳡĺÿˣ
ȻƾеĽǣ˴ȴֳӮ
ҪҪ˾ͽڣ
Ȼֲߵͣսɡ


143  
;ǧһ
⵱ͣ֡
вˬ, Ȼȭͷֻû˶
ĿЩӡ𿴷Ǵָɾ, ʵֻ֪
û̫, ˰죬ҲûռϷ硣
ʹ߷ʱ򣬶ԷܸĲֲ١
ʹʮʱ, ԷܻĹ
ҪǱĻ϶֮¡Ǳ, 治Ķ֡
ȷǸ֪СֻҪ˵ãԷһУߵǳ䲻·ӡй, ٲȻǸӣ·, ֽýǸѵõĺö֡
û򹻡
ʥϽͣˣҲֻñš
ԭأƵصлɴ󽫾̧֡
, ̨֣ô̧ܸ, һ, ȫǴͨ, Ҳˡ֪һ¿϶ԼжӰ, ֻԵͷ, ֱ䡣Ͼ֮ı, ҲϣԼӮ, ڵһѾ˵¡
⾹Ȼס, ػˡ
뵽⴦ɫѵسżлᣬսһ
⹰˹֣㵽ס
Աϣתÿӱֱϯƽȴ˺ĵ첲˻һ
һƿҪˣͷܰɣôôѵͱǴҪսǼ֡һʮᣬȲ˼ңʵںȡʤ
ǳ䣬Բ·ŶԷһУ³ˣҲǺ۵ȥ
뿮֪֮ʱͷˣ
ɫһ䣬ôܣдգţã佫Ƶģһľ飿
ûоûС˵һ䣬öʮ䡣뿮֮ɨ˵ջĿ⡣
ΪܿЦء
⻹첲з˵ķ뿮֮ڣֻʱˡ
֮бԣ߸Ӯûֵ̫ѿȴҲǰ䲻úÿ
ȼϾǸ磬Щˣ˽Բ˽⣬ֻƾüЩüǸӢţֻԳΪһ䡰ͷӡ
Ŀ֮պһνû
ôҲǾþɳϽˣȺ˾Ȼ˵飬ֲñ˹
۲ʶ̩ɽ
ˣֶĹǱ߿
ʱ֪ʥһ㶼٣ȷһҶĿߡ
ΪΪĴƫĹһܴĶûˣǶز¶ˡ
ǰǸ֪Ķðо裬֪ж١Ǽ⣬սľˣСڶܸŴ򣬻ò·磬ս꣬ҪɳʲôģˣĹԽ࣬˵вҲԽ
ʹɫû뵽ǱѾȫûڿƺò⣬ͺ񷽲һһƽĲһ
˾ͽҲȷôġ
˲࣬ҲҽյҴӮһҲϹ㶪ҲԼ
ģ˵һӮǽңڶ֣ɴ󽫾ˡ
˾ͽ̹ӮԼ£ûûʲô˵ǡ
˵ͲϣЩӮˤһͷźأ˼֪ôˡ
Ǳָ˵˻治ýǵλ÷һ飬Ƿ࣬㲻ôĽˡ
ҪһͳµģĹ˴ôʲôԺ󶼲֣
һдҶ֡
ߵ˼ʶĹʵȻྩĹܣҲʲôԽܵ顣ĿǰĹ͢ӦͦġֽһѾ˴󲿷˵ĺøСֻǰһʹˣȴҲδжô
ĳ͢ʲôЩתˣһһȥһЩģ֪˳ĹǴҲΪʲôܹ˶̵ʱɨƽء
ķֿŵҲ޷֮
ǻ˵ԭȱԬԬ󽫾ѾԬҾɢˣԹѰա
λ󽫾Ҳ޴ӵ֪˵ɽˣ˵ѾԾˡ˵бָۣԬĹĶֻǵط̫ƫƧûжԸȥ֤
ԬҾɢ͸ûз֮ˡûУҲС
ˡ
֮ǰһѾ˸롣
˷ǰ磬ĹͶϡ
Ҳյǵ⡣
֪⸮ǱΣֻྩһĸ˶Ķʣ칦ʹӷ뿮֮˵˲ЩֵǣиһǧֻΪǰá
˾ͽҲ˴£Խ̾ĵ
¶δЧԭ򣬲û誵һ׺
칦󣬻ʣ˲ʳʳ֪涼ǺöԾȥƶˡ
Ϊ˵ֿĹļ˲ٱǮྩһ˲٣ˡ
گ˸֮ʣľǵˡ
ֵʱ˾ͽδ˵ȴһֱԹ۲졣þˣŽףĹСʵ۵Ʋαƣǹ֮ˡ
͢ٹˣѰҲͬˣûʲôߵ͹ܰ
ʣ˾ͽЩ£ûʲô֮ġ
ĹΪһ±һֱûҵһϸ¡
課µʱɲĹٻ佫ֻҪӴʹĸ㰲ŻƣǡþǸġ
һʼսȻŴսʧܣѾû˶־
ԭྩգ滹ûлᣬ˾ͽסˡ
⸮ȥء
Ǩһ£Ҳһѵķǣ˾ͽû೤ʱྩš
޲ɢϯ˾ͽ誣ڵ˸÷ֱʱ
ҲûʵԸ
ĹһƿĹغͬôҵˣһʼǸСôȴûһأĹʵ۳ŵʱǰ˲غҵ˰ɣȥʱ򣬺üһһϵãҶһŴһۿȥ࣬˵ˡ
زл´ΣغԼƣҲο»ؿ϶лġ
ҡҡͷ»ʹټ˵Ҳսϡ
ǵѶ˵أԣ
һգ⻶ϲϲǰȥ͡
Ȼ;ǧһ˾ͽ뵽ЩԼҲ򵽲٣һʱҲЩ
һҲ֪ʱټʱֻʲôģ
ѾĦȭˣˡˡ˾ͽҲͦõģԺڣԼݹ˼ӣʩչأ
˾ͽˣſ첲ȥྩ


144 ˲ 
򶫱б
ྩ˵ߡ
غǳǰҲûʳ˵׽ʲô, ϧϧ
ʣôǸˡ
غĵ϶ϾƽҲû, ȴü, 첲ˡСӦıʵǸߣ˼ȷֲڹغָ첲֮, ȻȻȴ˶Ҳ, ķˡ
˰ɣµˡһϣôǰЩֶпޡغвֹһεĸ̵յı, ģһεĻ, ϶ʧ֡ƫƫûҲΪغźˡ
غֻţǸĹнսϵĽ, Ǳġǿ, ǸıһΡһ, ԲԼôǱøˣ, Ĺغֹؽ, һ£
غǸĹкĻô
͵͵һǰһȵ˾ͽ, Ī͵ÿǱµ˼ˡ
غֺٺһЦҿͬΪĹСʵദĵͦáӶû, ͬĹλ, Ҳ
һ, Ϊ¸Ƶģװͼҵô˼ѣֻλ˿⸮ĹȺʲôģˡ
˵ĵ˾ͽҲԼ
ȵִ￪⸮ʰµһ̯ӵʱ˾ͽȴδ֮ǰɴһնףǲԾػսֶβ֪ȴǰ˶١
شǿˣҲ̲סȤµӵǱȴǰࡣ
˾ͽţô
ôһûء
شɷнµصͷ˾ͽȴδϡδ££һ˵ĿǺҲãºҲգȫƾ⡣
˾ͽֶºͣҲɱ誺ʮֹ֮£ңԭȱѺͷϳȻûҲȻźõĶȥ
˾ͽǿһȴҲǹӵͷҲ˵ͷ˾ͽĹǣȴЩˡĺˣŸΪġ
࣬ı졣
⸮˾ͽ£ûгʲô©˾ͽҲɹǴӱǣ˿⸮
͢ǨĶˣֻʣ֧ԭľɵؿء
ѿԭ֮˾ͽͣؿʼũ¡ʳ˰գ˾ͽӱµĹؼڡ
Լ»Ȳԭһõ
޶żҲڲũ£Ķɱ˾ͽҪˡԭѾãԲ˵µõɽһҲǾϸũ£ǶǱȴ˶ӣ䶫߻ƵƵҵĸ߾
ڵʱ򣬸߾㲻󰲷֣ʱʱҪɱѹ˷ܱȫֻʿפأȻֲ߾ĲҪ͵͵ǱӶΪʱзŽֹҲеصİտ಻ԡǵĸûжԸȥڶĿຮ֮ء
ֻⲢԸ
ս誳û׬һʲСǮ㽫Ǯ˶һϡǵʮӡϼҴڵפڶһ֣߸߾ǣһԽùĹˣٸȵԼݣҲΪ͵أսƬƬĻĵؿѳ
ôһƬǲأǱˣ
Ϊ֮ǰ㿪ĵľ飬ɹЩʿ鲢ִȲϼңǳ͢ĴȴãǶʮ꣬˵ٰլӣྩլӿ϶еġ
˼ҵĲмȥƶȴ֮áǰȥʿʲôӣҲжšЩ˵ӹĿ治ȥˣⶫȴ֮ϲòסˡ
ȥ˱ǰ԰סѾ㹻ˡ
ͬʱ誻շ´ǰȡ
һѾϵͷ¶Ѱ˶Ƕ߻ûʼҸרҵġסӵʩˣշ¾ʡ
˼ͷæ課˲ٷͣ÷뿮֮ˣ
ʳ֮»Ҿ֮£ΪʥϷǱӦϸôණֺαأⲻ˷ô
أϷǣ˵ûϿء
誺޹˼ɵطۣôôմˣҪ޽ʹ͸㣬մǰָũ£Σ
뿮֮ŵ÷ҡͷ
誼֪ˣŻһ䣺ٸմ˺˵˵ͰҲȥУͬǸ߾ȥ
뿮֮ɣˣ˵ɡ
ѾǹڵǰˣȲշ£ʢء
Ľʣ
ƺƵشྩֱǰɶһ
¶ྩİҲһ˵ˡɶǵط˶ǲë֮أûһ˼մ󶼵ִǸط
誹ɶ˵ķȴúܣʵ޷Ķ
˸ѣֽũߣ⡭ϢྩǵİնҵĲᣬ϶һƶҲ·ͷ
ͦ˵ģɾ̫˵㣬õǲ֪٣š
һǼٵأ
һĹǱ߾ǹƭȥأĹˣҲδȵóôְɣòĹ͢޹׼˵ʱǲǵ
Ļ뻢ˣ˰ˣٶȵȰɡ
Чĳ͢ʲô
誱Ϊд˸һ춼Ƿƽƽ
סˣ˳ȥһŲ֪ԭԼ̫ˣ˱Żɵ̬ȡ
ʵѵͷ΢԰ǺһЩˣ
ǿбȥ϶ǲеģ𶯵ֻԸĸԸȥϷ
û취ֻü˴С
һգྩɽһȻһǣҵϢ
ɶڵһǧ˲Σ쳤ˣ쳣ֻһűֵǧ𣬿ɱ°뱲Ӹݣ
л˵
誣ֵ


145 Ǩ 
ƴʹ
һ, ֵ÷з
ྩڣ˶λָصĲɲˡ²ǿѨ磬˹˭סηʲôӪ, ˵һһ˵, Ҳɲ֤
ЩԼǹеĳĳϵãںδ, ̸֮ƺθ֮мûвĽ˵ġ
˰, ˾֪ģӵһĻʵҲΪǮգ˵һǮǮͨˡ
Щðյ, ѾŹٸ˿ɶһķ磬ؾͱȥ, ЯҴڵҪȥһʲơҪؼҶȥǹٸ˵ˣֻؼҹȥŻͷӸĵũߡ
µʱ򷢲˲, ҲԿ, ȥǶôŶзס, еظ֣ȻطƶЩ, Ҳʲô÷, Ǻôиͷ
ͷ, Ұ˲ˡ
Щ, ŰǨͷ, Ҫ˲, ֲ෽ŵ֪ɶһɽȷʵŲҰ˲Σֻǲڡ
бǣǵطˮʺ˲ΣǼ֣ͬúá
⵱ȻҲɢȥġ
һȷҰɽΣҲ˹ȿɡǲͷ˸ȥһ֮׼׽ֹɽժ˲ΡСҰɽܳģȫɽɣҪ˶ñᱻɵþ⣬ˣ޶֪˭ȥ
ǵطʺ˲ҲڲǵģǵʱȻס˲Ҳ˭ֵģ˵˵ȥյĻҪֵء
ҪǶȥֵأȻˡ
Уһһ˱˲θסۣѡȥ
誶Դ⣬¶뿮֮ҫ
뿮֮Ĭҫ֮󣬺Ȼһ䣺ʥϣʲôʱع
誣
᲻˵˵Բ˵ͷˣʱ˵عδ̫ɨˡ
誷ܵص˵ɡ
뿮֮Ҳ֪ͷϣǱҪҲ˵ɨ˵ĻةǱѾ˺üţﻰⶼǴߴʥϸϽȥ̶ѾˣǸûȥˡ⼸طãĹǵĸܼܲ϶֥ɡ
뿮֮̾΢ȥǳЩ󳼶ȥϾһ֮òȥʲô¶أ
Ҳ֪Լ㲻һ¶ֻһٶϣ˺ˣ֪ˣϸǵġдŸة࣬Ҫż
뿮֮ĬĬŹء
ʥ϶ϲص顣
誵ȷˡ
ʱͷˣ治ֺ˴ǰڹʲôˡڵӹˣҲ̰ˣҪһֱˡ
ĳӲͬ⡣
û취ֻܽعճ̡
֮صһԼĴ޵ĽƱ׬ˣǨƶһº󣬾ʣһǮ
ǮʱҲûʲôô˾ͽȷˣÿһһ̣ʵжƽϣԼպĵ̸ŪˣҲֻ˳ţ½δྩɽǶһԭʲôֻʲôҪɵĵطҲ࣬ʡ˺ôһʿ֧
սؽûҪ誱㽫˼Ժͷ
˵һֱڸؿԺԺΪޣδöá
˵˵ȥǮ⡣һӯ࣬ǲʵǿϧ誴һӣǮȫҽĹĽ֮У麫ȫȨ£֮ǰδнʿľͷѡȡŵѧԺг䵱ӣĹӪƾٴҵ
誻ЩٸѧԺ˼͵ÑƶͥҧҧҲǿϵѧġ
Ñͣ벻ͷĿǰǮЩѧԺŸǲģΣǾֻ˵ˡ֮ЩѧԺܵǲǽǽǿסЩѧԺҲֵõġ񻹲ܸĹպǮˣϡ
Ͼһϵͨ
ԭ֮أҲһͬʡ
Ժúܿ죬Ϊ֮ǰԭеӸġԺ֮誴Ĺڳһ־֮ļʶ֮ʿȥԺڿΡ
ЩڿεķҲƷ׵ģֻƷײߣ˽Ҳûбְ
ôҲĹһСٶ
Ը⵱ӡǴǰˣȻѾûˣжҲˣû롣ΪƣĹͶϲ֮١
ĶǵصĶˣʦҲУֻǺ١
ô˵İǴˣֻܼϣ̳֮ܽ
һĺأˣʥͲЩ˰ػģ
誾ѾˣɲˣĹˡ
⻰ҲĹвٻƫͷһگ飬úþһĹˣ˳㰲µõİǡ
Ȼ˵˵䣺ձЩǷжģҲ֪ʥǲҪ̫á
Ц˵ֻȥ̸飬ֲ볯Ϊ٣ģʲôأοÿԺͷĹľˣŲǣŲЩ𣿡
šüͷ
誼˵϶ҪģǽǻĹ֮󻹽Ϊ֮ˣǰٰӣǱзģʱֳ¶ԴԹޣſ֣̳ܲܽѧܣҲ֮Сվ쳤֮ȻҲ֪ĹǲͬģţֻЧĹ
飬ŬĿꡣָжǿ󣬵һҪ롣
仹汻Ȱ˼֣ա
ȻҪǣЩ˲ֻǵ˽Ǳģôװֵġ
ྩʼɨβʱʵͥҲˮ֮С
̴ôãͥһЩˡҪʲôӲƽּҾǱ߾Ȼؾûˡ
ûˣ
ټһ˵ûûˣǿǺųӵа֮ʦô꣬ҵת۾Ͳˣ˵ͥҲ˲̴ˣǷ˳ֳͥÿҪıǴ顣
ƫƧϢҲͺ½½˵Ľ
֪ʱֻͥôݺ֪һжʣʱͥǾ岻֪ĹʵµʵµǱΪ顣֮ͥˡ
ݺͥܵҲʵ³
̴󣬲ҲվĹ𣿿ɼĹ֮ĲĹ֮һսġ
Ǻã
ͥ⼸սʾ֭Բߣǰ֡


146  
˴ˣ
д飺ҪĹʾã
ֻͥһЦǰͬĹǲ, ʲôأ˼ɶͷ˵̴һŮ֮ȻҳһӦ, ɵ, ⱳûĹƲһŮôزĹ, Ͷǻˡ
Ǵ󳼴û˵ڡҪ˵, ˼ҲûôҰء
ĹΪʲôǵøǹȥΪȷ֮꣬, Ű˼ҳ׵ô
ǰ֣д, ԹĹ
ĹȺΪ˴ķҲǺսˡȣҲ߲һ˵ʲôˣʼվ, ȻܸĹӲӲ, Ҫʱ, ¸׳ƳҲǿԵġ
⻰˵˵˾Ǵ治, ҲֻίȰʥ, һû, ߸߾ȫĹռˡ, ôһ, Զ֮¡Ĺ, ͷ񹥴һǣǻܳŵ˶ã
ǻûнأ⻼ָ³Ҫҡ
ͥԽ
Ҳ֪ʵ顣˼һֱڷչĹֱһһѾԶԶ˦ںͷˡûаʤ㡣
Ҫʾ𣬻УʾˣĹĻŹ𣿻ͷЩˣ治ȡЦǣ
ʵ⵹ͥԼˡ
誸˾ͽҲûа͸Сһ㣬ǰʲֲ١ҲֻͥԼŻԼôأˡ˭أ
ͥȴ֪һ㣬̻̲İ̴࣬ĵؽ緢˷ƵġټţĹ˼ѧУһжͷĹӰӣͥ񳹵סˡ
ĹҪ̴һһʳأֱȡʵۡ
Ǻնģ
ͥһģһ˼˰գ̽һĹдһżĹȥҪǱ߾ʲôӦ
һŵִٰǵʱ課Ҫȥˡ
˷˺ü·ྩһʰò֮˳ȥɽһƬһٳ
ɽһٵطǹ齵ΪʶƵ課δȡǵĹְֻЩסΪ˹ŵĴˣԼҵ֡
һߵֲˡܵĽʿõòˣŻȥ֮ٿһοƾ٣Ȼٳ˶
Ҫɽʱٴһ·ȥ·һ׼ϡ
׼治еˣ̶̼ʱͽ·ɫ誹ȥʱ򻹷֣·Ľ̶ֵȲٰǣҵҲྩɽһ࣬ؿĿѾ죬ҹϸδʲô¨ӡ
˻֪·࣬Ҳ֪誶ӳ̶ȣԶԲɿһ·ġ
֮ҵˣ·̼ڶ࣬˻϶̼ûʲôУ෴˲Ŵߣ󿪷֮ţ֮ǰֶ̼ϲ·⡣
ûˣ֮ͬأֻǻһ˰ˣ˻ƶԼⲻܵӰ졣
̸֮һ󣬼׼ҲʾϿɣǰôԴôԴˣ˼ɡµĹ˰ͬ飬ձܶ¡ʵҲദһӣΪֱҲ˵ǲˣʹӵġ
˻һʱ֪ýʲôΪֱҲ˵
ʥȷ˵λֺսĻʵۣ
Է˻ֻܿرʾԼڴ
֤İɣ޿˺׼ġ
˻ЦЦ˵
ȷʵû˾ͽΪĹΪ֪˾ͽǻϸ֦ĩڵС¶˼ǰôȶûأ
Ǳ˹˻֮誷ػȥˡ
ùĵطѾˣüҲˣǸûȥˡ
Ŀ죬ߵҲ죬лµ˺֪صõϢŹλͷҪʱȴѾˡ
˴ʧ
˻ƵغŲ裬һüۣѰô򣺡ʥϣԼεعãЩȻܼġ
˵¹ٵһֱСģѰΪء
˻ҲлӦǣ֮⣬Ҳһ۵ĳɼ
лЩƩ硭
˻϶˶ӣʹŻлвũϲ
⡭ȷд¡лգգ۾ûʲôû
Ҳȷûʲôû˻ϵ֪֮ǰ͢ڸҲڸ½ʥ϶ԴΪأֻһֱδнչл˿뷨Щĸ졢ĸáʸΪۣʥϱضϲһϲȥͳϽҲûпܡ
һ˲䣬л¸ܵԹ˴˵Ķ⡣
һ仰˵ˣҪ˵Ĳãȥˡ
˻ҲһҪֻǸ˸˼ҲҲû취
˻Ҳûƭˣ誵ȷܿ飬ǰͬʱԹֻ⣬ζѳԣֻжӡ⹩Ӧ
ʺһЩĹҲô򣬻ôӱĵطˡ
˵ʵҲǹ˻ͷ̫æֲ񣬲ȻҲôġ
ϧˣл²Ը¡
˼Ȼ۵һˣ϶Ҫġһ֮󣬹˻з
ȻϣһһȥΨһˡ
˻Щ֣ܴ˿ɻʲôҪ˵
˾һ£ǿڵ˴ˣһɷϸ˵˵
˻϶ס
һϡ
û
һͷѾ˳ִٰˡ
ִٰʱ誷ᵽʲôӵ
ǵةڳڳſӭ಻֪վ˶ٰգһ¶棬عһأ˿иߺꡱһ߹һһ˸߹һˣòϢ
ΪĹϣҲǶԴʤף
ˣǹ˱Ϣɲһˣûˣǵ϶ͷûˣ
ʹ찡
ڼÿ˶ʵ⡣޲ܳ꣬ĹԽߡ
ǰû˸ô룬ԴĹλ֮Ĺ˵Ҳͻˡ
誴𺳡
뿮֮ȴһ򶨣ƽʿء
ĿⴥЩȵİǣﲻǲݣҸǿǶԻݼֱӵķʽ
ģԶԶ
æ
ةǰ誷
֮󣬱Ȳʼʱ
ةľضûͷô˶ʣÿѹƻؼҵ˼ֻΪá첻ˣʱųдС¶ûһĲõġ
Ƚ쵼ļԸƾٸѾˣձܿʼ
ӦãǷĵġ
ų˵һС¶
ʲô
ʵһŹʾءųǣѹЦ⡣
л˵
٣£
£
ʵţС¡


147 ƻ 
ͬĳǡ
˷֪, λʹӵʵͥ񣬾Ȼ˲סʾˡ
Ȥʼͷôдġ
ųԺ, һ۱ǵ, һһظ
ͥϾһʵۣҲǰ¶ǣֻһش, ȻʵĽ鶼ᵽ̨ˣЦֹ
ĵȻʵĽ, Ͳǵȴ¡ʲôǽ飬൱ʱǽ飬һǿһ, Ǳ㲻ԵˡǰѹĹһͷѾߵ, ͥضʡ
˾ԲʲôƲ硣
ͷµĳ誽°ĵףЦؽ˳ǡ
ջʱҲƵƵʾ, ʮʮ
Ҳþеİޱ㡣Ӳ׼, һӶÿ, ڳ⣬ҲΪųλһֻ۱һֻ, Ҫһ誵
뿪֮, ˻ζŷǷ
򿴵˶, ˵, ʵû, еֻԶԶƼһӰ, еĸӰһЩӰûƼǵĻȴġ誵ģʲôУʲô·ˣЩôʶʹϾˡ
֮⣬Ǹпةܳˡ
ô󳼣Ψة౻еʥϸǰ˵˲Ļδȴܿųʥϵ׽Ľѡ
ةǺεȵķⰡǴǰةʱҲûķɡ
λʲôûѾܳʲģˣҳӰˣҲ֪ǳĻģȻðʥϺãֱǻ
ǰûʥϣָڻҫء
ǽڳޣٲȻѾΪʵӵˡ
ҲųҪġ
֪ͷۣع֮ųЦ誵һսʥϵȻǣֻһˡ
ˣѾ˻һأ
⻰˵ôôأһأ
뿮֮ЦشӺ̬빷ûʲôʥô֪أλǵĴ˲ܻҵࡣ
⡭ʾʲôͷߡ
Ȼ뿮֮⻰ȴõڳλ˵һͬ⣬ƽЩԸҲһظ͡
ġҪҲԴøƵģͬ
׽ЩҲ˵꣬궼ս£ҲƽԲŵʥȢףûʾʱûʲô⻼ʺʥӭȢº󡣡
誣
֪˵ʲôˡ
Ϊ誵ǰˣžͲεˡ
Աߵĺȴ˵ʥѾˣͷѰ˼ȢӡΪ忪֧ɢҶˣʥϱǲԼ룬ҲĹĽɽ롣
ȷʵֵ꣬ûʲôõĵġɻͻʥ϶ȢһƺִĹĻƫƫ֣ļһòֻ֣ʩѹ
ͦ߶߶ЩġҲȷʵûھͳףҪһᡱ
Ҫң϶ǾǹŮһ뵽ҪһȫʶĹɻӣһų⡣ϣԼġ
˵ɡ誾־
ȴǰ̸µʱʥϾ˵պ飬궼ȥˣⷬ˵Ǵˣʥ²ǵȵ˶֮󣬻ⷬ˵΢Ȱɣ
ĵĻڳλ΢ĲˬϾ˭Ҳϲܡ
ң治ףߵȵ֮ٳףǾԲ̵ġ޾ͬҲ޴ʥִˣǡ
һ˲䣬䵽ϵ߶һ⡣
һ̧ͷüһȫء
ô͸Ƶģ׾Ƿʲôɡ
ЦˣףЩ˻ܿԴɣ˳ףǷģһʶ˳ףǸǻ
ûôᣬôеѾӮôһỰ㹻ʷǧţĴʣ˵ڲףһӲףԼô
ǻʵۣʵ۵Ļ
ųУǵʥòơӡˣһ˹ĿⶼºЩ΢΢һЦ
˻誼Ƥˡ
ų֪鲻ܱƵ̫̲˵ˣʥϳع»ǻЩɣҪǿƿĹ顣
˵
䲻Ƴһų˵һﵽ׳ʲôܣòװ⻰ͷˣʥϸӦԼˣʵ޴
ųϾԹĸô£ǰߺ޺֮ǡҲûӵģȻﲻҲûвĻ
ƽˡ
İӷˣҲȥųﵽô룬ֵֻܾüĿ㣬ȴǰ֪˳˶١
誱мŭᣬȴһûˣһôһ¿Խ˵
ûʲôвһʱҲ±ģԱȻãĹҲǲģة޻һţ͸ͥǰЩֻһʹ޾Բ׷ˡڱģһŲҪӦС
Ȼϣһһ¾͵ˣҲϣжలͥ˱Żӹʹˣͷֶʲô˼ɾͲˡ
ų⣬ʾԼȥдš
ڿƾһ£һжѾ׵ΨһһֵıྩɽȵصİǷһܲμӿƾ١ݵȵرͼʱ򣬿Ǹ⿪ǲμӿƿģԴδ˷顣
һ㳯ҲֳɣһɱأྩȵظոǲμӿƿǰԵǹ֪ô֤󲻻Ϊ˾ΣĹ
һ뷨࣬üȻѾĹǾûҪֵôġ˵ˣѾˣӵҲʵ۽ɱˣǱ븴ҲûˣԵĹû
˳ȥҲû
ԭ߶ֻվͬȴͬΪ˽ɽ롣
ЩһμӿƿģոձƻǼʵŵˣ﷢𣬲׿ڣùֻԼ
Ǻǳһ磬ȵ˰ʱ˲Ĭͣˡ
誴֣飬ԼȥԷȥˡ
ԼҪǵ˻Ъ̲ˡ
һһӵ¡
俴ǰˣ磬׷ȥ
⻹һų뿮֮һ鲻ˮղͬˣΪʥϵ£䲻òűӸų뿮֮
俴Ҫ£誳ס
ʣϲԸףةʲôƣ
УҲðˡ


148 ʥּ 
Ͱǡ
ųǾ仰µͼ֮, ò֮
ȴͼˣһ㶼ģƵʥһմһգѾ, ٲǽ˷飿
˾ͽ, ȻҲûޣȴеģҲв١ΨǼʥ, ڶûƵģŮ֮¸һ㶼ġ
س̵;, ʥϻЦ˼˾ͽһ֪ûйϲʱ䶼֪¶ʲôıˡ
ʥϵ˼Цˣʵ۲Ц, ˼ʴˡ
ɺʥһҲͨʵǵǣǵʳѰ, Ĳȥʵ˹ĳ̫
ʳϢǾʥϳô󣬾Ǹͯѹû, ֶû
⾿ʲôجİ
źĹŮ, ûһͬʥ׽ǿȻѡĹŮ, ĸϵȣǳҲŵСٷҲ´ࡣ
, ȴһõĶûС
ųûʶ, ȹϵƵġ
һΧ, Է֣
ų, Ǹȥ
ҲƹˤˡʥϵĶ, ʵ¶̫˷˼ˡֻгһ, һƣ³ɡ
ѹͰѳ̫Ļ˳
ųӶһ£⡭ô£
Աߵķ뿮֮ǾﲻѣͶŴˡĿɿڴһ㶵صô̵סģȻͣҲû󰡡
ų˲Ϊʱһţ˵飬̩ɽةҲʼЩˡ
ʥǶʲô᲻µĻǵҲôģΪûϣȿҲͺˡΨԹ᲻£ɾʹˡ
ųò˼Ǿͻʥǲʲô֮ã
УȻˡ
ûн̺ʥϡ
ųšüͷԽԽ¡
̬ȴٳûжڳһ˵ģŽ˻䱾ڲ¸ͷִԱһ䣺ĹıˣҿǰͷЩ¶°ɣղǸòĵıʥϵĻ¡ةôֲػڵУһû׼ʥ϶ѾĿˡ
ųЦʥĲϲŮˣǱƵٽҲûãΪʥϵôͣ
뿮֮ҲͷûʥϲԸҲûá
һۣ˵ûã˵Ǹûã
ųʱȴûٺֻ˵ȥ۽Σ֮ػһظ
䲢֪ҪĵʲôһڣŰҲ㳤Ա뿪
ųµ뿪ˡ
ͬȫ̵ķ뿮֮ȴûô˼룬ֻǾ̾Լʥʵֱ̫ˡ˵ʥϻһʥˣĹһ˼档ҲðһŬĻʵۣڸҪһΪҿ֦ɢҶĻʵۡ
˷ȥ֮йػϵ±˲ٸ߹ټв෹̸ʡ
ڳȻճ׵ġ
Ĺòᣬ໹һƩȻʣһֻһӡҲʵˡҲȻһüѣĹôʵǲ˵
ʵһûãλһղİȣȻҲǻ
ͣͿԻˡʵ֮ǰҲɹһΡ˵ǴҲȻӲų׵ģǧѡѡѡеһȴǸ
ֻ̾ΪǰλŲ׵ġ
ԼӴñӣöʱΪ̫ˣη壬ԲȢǿϧˣõͣòڣϸһλòĻʺ
ͷĺùǣƫƫʥϾǲԸ⿴
ֻô룬ʵŶΪǼҵĴŲֹһڼͷֱ̾ԡ
ԼǸŮȴĹһöԲס誣һԼŮˡ
֪ˡҲŻ֮
誻֪ųѾԼ֪ЩΪԼĻ²ģȥ̫̽ʱԼ̫˵䣬֪ʲô
ֻЦһǻ̫ˡ
ȻôУǸɵҲ޿ɺǡ
һŭ֮£ֱԽڳֱּྩɽɶһй˳ĹΪĹİղμӿƾ١
ʥּһһƬȻ
˭Ҳû뵽誻ôç鶼ûãֱּ
Ȼȴֱ׳ǲμӿƾǸ⿪ʱƿ֮ڹҲǵÿ⣬Ҳеǽˣôö֮ԭˣ֪ķ粨
誴ҲûҪ鷳μӿƿԣѶƱػ󣬹ƽһ£ͼ֮Ⱥ˳ͬĹԷſˡ
ſΪʱ硣
ֻǷһʥּ֮Ҫĵ㲻ˣָϵ˶ָˣǲæ⽫Եʱ䶼ǰˣ񲿻ǱͻŪýͷö
һæûչܱˡһգ誵Ķӣʮ徲Ҳû˸߶ȢϢĻˡ
Ҳ˵жæ˵ྩȵأҲæòӡ
Ȼͷ˵ǷģǿЩĵطԱ⣬ǵʱҲˣüɲֲܰʱá
ʱ䣬طٷϵ˼ȫˣӪͷʿǲִСȫ
ͷæòҹİȴܶʥּͷ㡣
ΪԭȵգĹҲûָܶ͢ƽ֮ѹͲˣĻָôأ
һʥּƷеĲ²⡣
Ĺ͢ȻҲǲμӿƿѵ͢Щ˴ȣѾԼ
˸жȻҲɣƿԭҲûƽҲûôʶ֣ܿù˼˵׶ǴԹŪİϷѡĻǴԹ󣿡
ֻ⻰һ˵㱻˻ȥûʥּã治дˣáɷãͬ١Լ൱С˳ɼεҲʲô¡ʷӼȲ˼ңֻǿһȵİɡҪǴԹ˭Ը⵱С⻰δ˼̫ˣ
ǣ٣ҪֺõĻȥμٰһòֵĻֻ˵
ˣû˭Ļӭ
˭֪ݱȽ΢͢Ͼǧܸ͢ϡ
˴εĿƾԾǿ˼ʵѾȷˡŻȴǰ֪˶ٱ˲֪㣬ʵڿɶ
û˵͢ЩˣԼҲţЩʲôľٶЩ޹ˡ
Ծָ֧жĺѹһС
ԶٰĴҲյϢ֪ǼطһаȣƾҲɵؽţųһ
ֻſƿ֮ǰྩȵصİձסʥϣҲˣʵ̫ۣȥ綼Ųס


149  
˭оأ
ҲϣεĿƾܰƯƯ, ¹עʱʱôСĽ, óһ˿
ô誾úбҪ, ѹԵģЩʩѹǱгƨԼʩѹԼ, Լù翴Ǳա
Ǽ̶ͷ
ǰЩӽ׵, ǺģʼģųųҲ˵Ͼ˲¸, Ҳ顣ȻľͲͬˣô붼ñ, ԼƽҲû뵽ľȻ𱨣
ǿɶ
ΪԼһڶ誻ǰ˴ྩһȥ࿼óһ˿һ©ǰοĿҲø޺úðѹ, ǻʲô, ͷʡ
, ܱ֤ôࣿ
ʥ¶Ľ½ŵøæʥ, ¹ϵ, ΢ܱ֤
, Ҳû°
調ʼ̶鶼, ܷİɿƾٽ㣿ֲǲ, 㶢Щ, ֲʲô£ֻѵ˼ˡ
ƽڱϻ˼Ҳͦĵôô˹淴ģѵ»Ȳ˽£
£˽¡ĺȻ飬˶ˡ
ʥԭڹ˽
˵ҪôȡأԭΪ˱֮ǰƻһ¡ľԼʵԩһΪʥϣʥϾȻôС
ˡ
Ȼ誾ôСôϲˡ
ľǵˣһεĻԺǸ˶бƻ飬ӻˣ
޺ЦһЦ䣬ӦǲӦ
ǵҲˣ۾ˣ½ּ΢ضΪĹϹᣬѣ
̫ˣֻպͱϾˡ
ɢ
ӹһ·϶Լ誸ǰЩ¶룬ԽԽԽԽڡͲøʥӣӦλһڴͷֻҪʥϲͷǾһӲ
Ͳʥϻ᲻ף
ּ⵹Ǹ⣬ƿȻʱȻҪҸӡ
ƻǰɣǵñˡ
֣
һߣųҲڰæ֮гѸô鶼һ顣Ķˣʥαװʵ̫ãųûһ˿ĿǰʥϴûκһͬйꡣʥϿǸΪϲ˻ϣҲͰˣޱ˼
ų˼գʵҲʲô֤ݣֻԼ˵Լˡ
ǱҲڴߴ٣һϼƣȿƾæ֮빬еĳ̫ǰ˵̫͡Ҳչ˹ʥϣĻʥ϶Ըģٲһų⡣
ǷҪ˶£ʵʥ͵ˣǰ˵СѾʮˣôǿżأ
ٲף֮ǶȻʡȻʿǽиǼλ󳼵ģʥϵ¶ûźá
»زΣҲҪʥϸ̬ȡ
ⶼǺˣпհЩأһʥʹĸƵģһնСƾ޹صˣҲһе
в˾űʹȥˡûˣǶĹ˰ȻߣҲû˰Ҳ˺ôһʣòϿԴ潥֧
ԣóǳ߾̣ͨմͨ·ӡ
űˣҲͣЪӦĵũߣʱһ¡ҲܲȶˣϾбϾѹжô
ɲô룬Īһ֮õùٴûûҹæ
ϴæȥ¶Դսʥϲھǣ⸸ʵǹӣֱ誻ǡ
ɼǰʱİݶд۵ġҪ׻ӣǳ˵Ρ
һϾĴһ˵Ȳӱྫǰྩ࿼
ྩҪμӿƾٵҲ඼ˡƾҲ㱨ģΪһ˾ͷѾ˼
ĹĿƾǵǿΥףͬ֪֪ף˭ҲԸһİ˵ƽ޹ʳеһݷա
ڻƽĸϸԭȸصĹٸѾһ飬͢Ǳߵ˹ֲ֮һ顣
һ黹˲ٲϸģкĴӲһ亹ֲʥأԭͷ治̫ƽ
ʣɶѾˣ
ĿǰĶˣֻǲ֪տɻ˹
üⱨʱδҲ̫һЩȴϵһչҲ֪ʲôġ
һྩⶫѧԺȴͨͨ
ٶھǷ񱨿ǰͷ׼ĶҲ׼ˣֻһźȻԥ
ΪˣǲܶԭˣһֻΪ͢ҡô쵹ˣһûˣ
ѧҳɣӾ͸˵ˡ
Ժȥɽǰ̽̽ڷ磬û߽ɽͷƿڴ
ӴսһɽԱ߻һǶεֽŶ֪Ķ׷ӡ
׶˽ӣƽᱻ˷һȽϣΪݱȽϣ˲׽ƽʱЩͷ˼׷˾ӱǱɽŭ״εĻԵɡ
ԭǿƾֵġ
ɽܶ͢Ժ͢ģԾӣǿྩĹɣһƾٰˣǰʱҲδ֮͡һӣְˣ˵׻ͷ
׷ӱ˰ΣΣɽѧԺͷĲѧҲȥμӿƾ١
ɽŭǰ׶ôʥ顣
ӳûһţ˽ȥһӹλѧӶ˼һζѹֻ»ǵĲ
ɽӱǿ﷢һм
ȻĿˣźɵشţҲȥμӿƾٰɣ
׷ӿ˿ӣ򶨣ҡͷ᣿
ѹߡ
һѺȴֺԴǵ಻ᡣ
治᣿
ǧȷü١
ǻЩġɽˡ
ٲҶԣæ˳ȥ
ڶգĵԼĻ飬ǰȥٸȥˡ
ɽǻӹܵ͢ûʲôԱ֮£Ĺϣʶ֮ʿΪβԽſƾٳƶأһһķӡ
ӻ̲סҿ׷ᶨΡ
ɽ϶ǲֵģֻҪ׷ûһж˵Ժô˼Ҳߡ
ţոõ̤ٸĴţӭͷ͸űƾٵĿ׷Ӷϡ
׷ûˣһ̧ͷһûû
˿˿ֿ˿еı顭
˸նһۣεм䣬òɢ
һ˲䣬ֻӵҸ콫Լȥ


150  
Ҫ
ؼ;, ׷䲢һ࣬ȴö˵
˶Σǰ֮Լضμӿƾ, һת۾ԼԼ, ʳԶˡ
ôҲܽκ⣬ֱʱȽҽչȥ, ʵǸɡҲûʲô˼ʶʶ¹Ŀƾʲôͬ
˵, Ӱؿ˶Էһۡ
׷Ҳ˲֮ǰĦˣҲͷôġ
ЦһʶԼЦ̫, ָϽһ㣬˵ѧԺôѧҪμӿƾ, ɼƾٻȡ֮ģɽ˵ôЩӵģҪԼѧ̽̽·˵ǲǣ
⻰˵Ĺû, ʵûһ, Ȼ׷ȴһͬԼǡ
ǽ¿, ˭Ҳ滰ٻֻҪǰɡ
ֻҪ˶ͬ˵, ôô, и̨¡
˻࿴˶Էһ, ƽͷһξöԷ˳ֱۡ, ȻЩ, Ųȴ֮ǰ˲١ﰵȽ, Ȼμ˿ƾ٣һǾ͵ñԳɼˡǰԺͷȥ˭Ҳ˭ڿϼҲδɡ
ƿмգλӼȥ֮һпƵƵˣһ˼ֻ飬ֻѹԷһͷ
֪ʮչһμྩҲڶˡ
Դ󣬱һֱڴŹԺľһС䣬ȱѹ֣ͷĿʲôСһ࣬⹱ԺİøĲûʲôҲֱհճĹĿƾ٣޴£ԵơһǣĹĿ£ÿԱ߶վһֵСǽˣǻŵʶòȡ
ʱһԺ˼࣬㿪ʼˡ
Ժһסͷܿ˼λˣ˵ǳ͢ǱɹģͷС
ͷСĺصĿ⣬ЩһѺ
ΪοʥϺһţЩѰĲ⣬ʥϵĻ˵ƾҪѡģֻᱳġϣ⴦Ժٳģȥƻ鶼û
һߣ˽õһüͷΪģֻΪ⿼ʵ̫һЩ涼УǷΧ֮㣬Զô򵥡
ͷһʣʵĸйͣȴ̰۸۴ЩĿ࣬ʵõ꣬ЩˣԭʮҪһóɼģȴеòȡ
ͬ˼ĻйԺǴǰҲûĿƾ٣ǴλǸЩǳġĿΪͨգĹĿ֮Ҫѣֻ˵ǱȽĲǻʵ˹ͨ
Ŀ۲һ֧⣬ЩЩӲܴҪǧٱͨҲлãһȴû޷ܣѾҪ뿪
۲һſȺǵĴͷѹȥȽϺá
һȺֻͷд
һԣ˵ѧʶ֪
ĹƾȻѾˣﷱӣƾҲûʲôı䶯Լӵԡ誵ǺʶǰټһԣһֱûпղЩֻһϣϵڡ
ͼҲϲˡοƾٸٽ֮
صԶڰ죬֪ྩһٰԶѾʽʼˡ
˭ͷǸصͷֻһî˾ҲδؿУ¶׻ÿ
գڿ˿֮ɫԵò԰˳֮˶̲סҡͷԼο϶ǲˡ
һԣǶ³͢·ӡǾûκ·ӡ
Ҳ棬֮أҿԷҲ֪Էÿ϶á
Ϊˣ˭Ű֮˽ͷ
⵹ˡ
˽ĩβӦ֮С
Ͼһ׮ϲ£ɽ֪ºƿڴǵһ׼ԺҲڣᶨȥٰǲμӵԵľġ
˵Ҳδһ벻ɣʵȻˣȥٰۿʲôģεĵԻҪڴ
Ļ࣬궬
˵괺ϵģΪ͢ʵȱ֣ǰˡ
ǹԵľƬ̶ҵ飬æʰ̤˽·
˳ؾˡ
誼ྩһȷʵûӣСˣ϶ýģ˭ǰʹأ
СӰµͦһ֣ԭȿӹ֮ΪǸƽƽ֮ˣȴʵɣǿԶһ
ֻҪ׵¡
̶˼Ը˱ģڼصľҲ˼ֻúѵġ
˴ǿƾǰô
誵˵ͷڲŸհʿǲŸ۹һ񻹲ˣһҲʹá
Ҫģ£ġ
ԱһܺõĻᣬŽЩظľӣྩȵصľ˽ٰǡٰǵˣûһ
ٰģֱþĸǿɱȵã
ֻҪһۣ誱ƶǻ۷ڳڷС
⣬ԽŵԣúһĹι֮
Դ˴εĿá
СеģǴǻȴδУԵĿû³ģֻܼϣʶ֮ʿ
Ʃ纫ġ
˼һȻ˴εԵĿ⣬ҲɺȫȨ𡣡
һ룬ǳˣֲʲô£Ӧˡ
誽˵⿼㻹ϸĹĹߣԳĹİơ
ԴѾЩľˡ
誻ǶҪ󣺡У㻹ЩӦԵľǶĹʵͬӵִĴ޵˼𣿡
л˵
ģףлл


151  
ȷ
Ĵ֪, һ˿˵Ŀɶ
֮ǰδ誹֣Ϊ誵ĹǶűˣǳ, , ȴÿÿʮֺ˵ëãΪƻǼ¶С, ǳ
һҪȴԻ, ȫ֪óʲô⡣
Ҫ󣬸Ͳĺðɡ
ƫƫ˵껹ԼΪ˵˶Էһ䣺޵Ҫ˵Ĺ˰ɣ
ģ
誣ǻû壿˵ľһЩ
ˣپȥĺͿ, ĸæʾԼѾ˼
ˣǰúð¶޾ĿԴˡ
ص뿪, Ϊ¶Ǽռյû˯ã뵽Ŀȴܲ⡣
νһ˼ƶ̶˼ƳʶԼ޷誵Ҫ, 㼰ʱѰų
ųȻʥص, ȴܴʥ, Ϊ˴ּΪҲΪʲôĶֻѰԭˡ
Ķųһͨˮ, ų, ֪֢ġ
ʥϾȻ˵ô, ֻ֤ԼûҪʲô⡣
ɲôķɧ˲ͷ, µĿô, óʲôĲʥ⣿ⲻΪ𡣡
ųҲʶ誵С۶
վȼѬ, һѾ⣬תͬԷǾ͵ÿʥϵĵ¶ʲôˡ
΢΢۾
ų˳£ȻԵõ溫Ľ˵ˣ޷Ϊѡ٣ѡ޷Ϊ˽ǰԱֻҪЩطҪõʲôĹ٣֪óʲôˡ
Ƭ̣ȻʣƵԭˣ
µõྩɽһѾ˲ٹԱȥûʲôģǵطٰɽˮԶмһ˺ϢҪҲһ¡Щطɲ˹Ա֮һ˰ˣطĹˣԭĹԱߵĹԱǻල⻹ҪҪֱӶԳ͢ĶĿֱ룬Ҳʥһֱصļ졣
ٰʷŷ£طҲӦжʹԱ˲ܱ֤ͨϱһ
жһմͳȫ֡Ǹຮ֮أҪûҲɲˡմ˵ȷԼİӣֿ϶ǲģصĵ֪ũµģȻáɷԲ١ƪ󣬵˾һ̬ȣ͢ʵ
֮ͨ˶ͨˡлųæټ鿼⡣
ĵô飬ȻΪӹŻеġ֮ȵȴҲ١һȺ˺ϼһһҹ㽫ºϼƳˡ
ſ⣬ŵ´롣֪ΪΣȻʥϻûйĿܾѾƽˡ
ϢƬ̣ı
Ȼ調Щ֮Ĵá
Լ֮ǰ˵Щ⣬ʱ滹ûжӦĿ񿴹ݾӣ誾Լʱôġ
ĿڲŻǲģɣͨȼ仰Ѿ˵ľ衣úãҲ벻кϵĿ⡣
課סصͷẫıˡ
誶ǰͷЩĿûʲôũʱ̫ѣһǲµصĻֻ´𲻳һӣֱӰĿˣĳ˳ʶ⡣
ֻҪЩģܴĳ
˵ƾ꣬ѰܿоӵĻ֮٣඼Ǽк֮ˣָǶũжྫͨǲܵġֻϣѡеĲ岻Ȳ֮ͽ֣ܶǷʲô⣬ҶҪµũȥϵġһҲûᡣ
һʱǸʥϸ뿮֮Ԥ£ԽԽࡢԽԽѵġǰѵʻʥԼģʥ϶С¶ʮ⣬ÿѵʱ򶼵ȥͷ˭ֵĺˣ;Ǳʲôãû׼Ҫ¯ˡ
ԽԽѣϣһĽʿܾȹɡ
ȡ˿⣬˵⼸գصĿضѾϵٰ˰ɣ
Щֻų⣬ûעЩӦǵˣȻǶĲˡ
誴ͷ̧ͷŵˣѰʱżһܷʲô׺顣
ǼɲƲһ£ʲô׺飬Լڹȥŷŷɡ
¶Ĺܲˣűƻһξͱǳǵڣֻ׼ڴ߻һгڱģӸةȥİɡ
ųܲˣҲܡʥѣ˾֪飬ǷǵŲóֻʥԽԽǡһȥ䣬ͷͣǵҲܺù
誻һѰ磬˸߲ҵس˹šվɸӣºȽڰ
һȥıǾǼ¥
Щžӽٰ࣬¥ĿͷѾסˣʳҲҪŶӡ
ǲƴ֣Ǳ뵽˶¥
ٴλãҰã¥µһ¥þ¥ɲֻǳԷģм仹гĸ˵ġвģͷһϵЩˮ
ԼЩת̸֮϶ϲĹһȻǰģͼ󣬱ߵЩδػϲ
ųһеģôõˣҪһͷ̸ף
ϱĲʵ̫ˣмž޴ĺ蹵
Ҳ˼Ļз磬ȻȻػֳɣ滹ͳһ֪СûϷ˶ܽܵķʽȻֵİһʢнͬĻȥ
ԼԼһͷδƣҲû˵ڡ
ھ¥һţһ߻ҿˣı̸Щӵĵԣʱ޷Ǿô㣬ǳŵʱ⣬ǲ²˴ε˭õͷپǺϷľӾܲһͬʡ
һ䣬誶ŪóĬˡ
ҲһͬʣĿǰС
誽ڹⲢûʲô׺飬׺ҲôģҲûػض·ϼˡ
ǰǿԵģԴԼһ֮˵½ˣָĹ
ûз˲ţûͦ˵ġ
ǰӷɳ۶ʱĿĵԱȻǰˡ
ɾͼ򣬽Ժ϶ΪһѾ׼һˡĲΪʡǮһԳ͢һ֧ǰЩӷ뿮֮Ѱηηŵء
زˡ
誵ĵҲ̧ͷһ⴫ǹˣܶ𢣬ж䣬ˣ
л˵
誣û˵ľޡ


152  
Ժ
ʱ, ɡ誶ͷԸ
Եľӱ㾡ȥˡ
εĿ֮ҲٲǶȥˣĿΪ, Ϊϡ廨, ʲôĶС
ԭΪԼ״ԪһĿȫɵˣ⻹ôѾǼ, òˣѾ˵һ, ôҲܿţЩȻǰ˼⣬Ҳд˴ȥ, е˻дܻͦˡ
Щǣǿ, Ҳö˵ˡ
һϲҲǣǶûԸԳؼ誡
λ̫ߣҪȥص̧ͷһ̧ͷվô, ö۰ǰʧǿɲǿЦ, ͷǵ, û׼˵ֶûˡ
Ҳֻ濴˿ø, νһɽС, µһо
ڸλѲһȦ, ܿϧ, ûʲôòڵġһһ, òϾͲ̫, һлǱ֮ڵĻǵһεĽʿ
ǶҴоĽĹӣѧʶƷòһǽĿͬҲΪĿ誶ǺܲġһΣǲûʲôرڵˣȴ̤ʵ
һأҲûȥϸͷԼĪʱıʶܹҪȥ
˳¿£ƨˣ³úǿȥ
һգδһǰΪףʱûģͰ͵١
ֻٶĺܣӲشаѾӸˡ
һ֮Ⱥֱ˹
ʿ˾ӺΪ˸ʱ䣬Ҵù֮бȼ𣬺Ĵ㳹ҹľ
˵ôƴ֮󣬻˼һԼǲǱƺıƵ̫ˣҪһô˼ˣǼѡ٣Ҳûмϰɡ
ҪǽбĴ֪ˣ񲻻ûԣ
Ը˶ͼӹȥ䣬ī˯ʱˡ
ŵϲЦ˵ʥˡ
ɲ˸ۻˣͷû˽ְ
֮£ͷĹԱ̫ˣ˽̶С
ૣôһͦģԹԺԶʹʹ
һС⻰ŵϲֱ֪˵ʲôá
䣬ȴȥ׼
ʱıյ˱ӣͬĻ˴Ļ
ʥϸҹͣͷλٴܶ
űӣһ̾λʥϻǽְֺޡƽˣĵʱġ
ŵϲԹظÿڱʥ֪࣬ƾǻģвΪһӣ͢ȱ˺ˡ
ԥһ£룬Լ֮ǰƻƵôǲǴˣʥϴģȴԵ⡣ǲǡˣ
к˼һͨȴʮֿͷһȥл
˵˵˵ֻ˵һŵϲĽֻҪλ֪ʥϵĺþͳˣΪʲôãǾͲ֪ˡ
ЩãúĵȾǣһһҹ㽫Ӹˡ
ǰʮϵ˹ȥᡣ
誽Щ˵ľӷһֶסһݶʮ̤ʵľӣ˵֣״ԪͶˡ
̧ͷһǸġ
˵˴οƿǰͬǰѡ˴඼ǻʶ˼ҳģһȴûɼǵĿƾˡ
調쵶ת飬Ѹٶһ׸ͷΪ˽ЩʿѵһͷŰ
ʵҲڵΣ誾̫鷳һдӼ
ΪƶûжܴӼ򡣵ȵպˣһжð£ûˡ
ĻȥǺһæ
ڶһ磬ԺſڻδʼΧˡʱһʰһ˴εĿƾٱ㳾䶨ˡ
ڰֻܰ˶飬ԼЩطĲãһΣزˡڰҲǸи뷨еԼУеȴαԼԤеĻҪһЩ
ྩ׷Ӷһۣ˴˶е𾪡
ӾȻڰ
׷Ӵ֮£ǹֵϲ֡
׹ƶˣ¶Щ鸡ˡؿ˴ˡӲѧȴƽƽΪ˴εԲ棬߸˭뾹Ȼˡȹ龪ȣϸһ־ӦǰͷһҲ˵룺
صĿ⵫ǺܺãϢϢأʵЩĶܵøóɼ
ӵ˵ͷɲ
֪ĶҪȱ˶һЩũҲΪʸͨһξմá
˵֮תͷ˵ϧ˷ûȻܸС
ѧҡͷ־ڹٳ
٣ѧϲˡ
ѧ仰ʵ飬ĳЩ˿Ǵţ֪ˣԵ±˼û˵Լ־ڹٳ㿼˵⻰Ҳ٣Ϊƾô׵𣿡
ѧӦѧȴˣǷǹȳԶѧԺɽ̹ѧаʮʮ˿оˣʮһ˸нʿʰУҪһһ
ԱССĺ䶯һ£׶Ҳ֡
˸ʿжѿĿõ¡
ȳҲǴأȻһ˵õѧԺؽչѧԺض롣
ҲǸʿˮҲûô׵ıܣһ䣺нʿô˭֪ǲͬʿأ
ѧЦָԼõĴʦ֣Ҵʦ֣ε״Ԫ
ǫֻңҡ
Ҳˣƺߵˡ
ѧָһתҶʦ֣״͡
ù˹֣ţš
Ҳˣ
⵽ʲôԺ
ŷѧٴʣҵȶǷӽ̳ģȻ̳ܽôʿ豻ǵûν¶ԸϰˣԼˣûÿ˱ˡ
ȴû˸ҷˡ
һ棬ԶԺǣ˭֪СسǾȻһԺǾͷĴԺҲȲء
ж˶
ʱĺúƿƾٸ̣Ҳûʲôõ뷨ֻЩĿƾ׾ˣݲһƶȿһġ
ֻǶƤӣ۵ĶǺġ
˵ԶԺºֻǾùȳضе죬ԼҲ·ȥȴǵ÷ʲô¶ˡ
ͷôһԺļﶼἫֵġ
һ֣˾Ͷˡ
誺ȻʵȳķΣ
ĸպҲЩ˵ķ綦ʢ
һ⣬ڹȳ߰һᣬƹĹĲĻ˳һ¾ãϱصİնһ
׬


153  
һȺĽʿǡ
ʹʱ, ڼеĽʿ
ʵΪ˴Ӽ֮ǰĻʰѾˣٳһ, ֻΪýʿǰл, Ĺʵ볯аٹ١
ԱֻΣ뿴Ļʥϡ
һ֮£Щ档誵òеĳ, ԭΪǲЦηģ, ֮󣬷Ǹƽ׽ű껹ҪСꡣȴǳĺãº, ˽ʿЦȤĻҳ, ̬͵ù֡
ĹĽʿǾȹ龪ȣȴҲû룬ԭȳһˣ֮, ȴòعˡϾĹ, ǱΪĹʢ֮, ֮ŷ֣⳯ÿһ, Ǿǳ, һȻ, ˺кøС
ĬĬп, Ĳԩ
𵱳͢Щ, ӶҺû, ټȥֻͨաˣȴδֻͷһӡ߹Ƕ߶ı㶼Ĺˡ
뵽һ֮ǰྩһвΪҶ̫󣬶Ĺָָ㣬أԼҲĹˣ֮¾ôɡ
ԶԶؼλʿ֮뵽ͷĴԣԶԺĽʿǵԼǰ
ǫõʮһߵǰ誼һ
ʱԵʥϿ
ϸһε״Ԫͣղһۿûʲô⣬ϸ˶üĶ֮ˣԶԺȷʵмֱµġ
δȴҲ˵Ժ¡벻ССĹȳأȻܳɽѧ֮ʿܳĶ֮š˷ƾ٣ԶѧԺǵеһˣĹԺԶԺһ㣬ֺαΪѡͶ
ǫػ˾䣺ʥϹ㿪ƾ٣½ѧУ̻գƶ˶飬ʶ֡ǰδ֮Ǿ٣Īʥ϶£ƶ˼һѧֻԸѧգҡʱգ´ԶѧԺ
뿮֮۾һźĿⶼ͸¶
¿״Ԫͨͨģû뵽ڲŵͦãĵƨҲ¡
η
˹ȻˣϾ˭ϲĻأǸˣȻףɽǸ˺ôһݾϲ
һпﲻ誶ԶԺ⣬˽⣬˲ٱѧ
ʵ誻ֱͶǵģǿǵһĽʿв٣ǻҪһ£ʹδ̫ۣ˼ʾͲˡѧûôིˣԷҲǽʿ١
ǫõǰлипɽǰͷˡԶԺԽҲĺٲᱻˡ
ôʿʹͣν档ųӣ²ⷬٶʵ˼ʥϱض֪⻰ȥ֮ʲôĽĹٰԺЧԶԺҪһģֻߣʥ϶λ͵ɽаţòᣬҪǰɡ
課֪Լһ̾ñ뵽ôࡣؿɼֻиж˶ѡ
ʿ֮誻ڹ硣
Ͼ⼸¶ҪԿ࣬課ǶԼԹôһٷһġ
лµ˿ָҪǸнʿʱ͢ûǮһдӼ򡣴ʹûнɲ˵Ĺǵ˺üʱľˮɫڸһһڵء
ƹѲϯ÷δ⣬ýʿʫ
ˣʫ黭᲻֪һҪ誸ǰ֣ʶһͶ룬֮һ˼ȥˡ
ҲֺǺǵؿ浥ӣˣ뿮֮Щʿɶˣɰźˣ
뿮֮һЦ΢Ѿ׵ˡҲûظȥ׼ȥЩ¶֡´ǶյЩ໨ɣ覴ȥ΢Ҫ뽻ǣ٣ܻǮ궬ѩ飬⻹в˼ұѩ˷ܣԭ͢Ҫȥޣ˿ƾٵ죬ϲٵˣ¶ҲԽǡ·ţ֮࡭黹в٣ˣµҲ١
Ѿŵˣɵõͷһġ
뿮֮ˣȻ΢飬΢ɶǾľȥġ
˶˵ĻޱڳУǷ뿮֮ռʥϣʿƭƭҪǰͷǿɶ
ŰԼλԶЩ̫࣬ûʥϸǰв˾ôˣв˾ͱȲûһ׬ǮٹδرȻ׬٣ôͲʥԱˣ
ۿ˵ͣ
һ磬ͷҲӹгԻȥʱʼ
ǼѣǼľõ꣬߳һλ¿ƽʿǼΪʵ£˽ʿһ̤ٳˣôܲأ
ģȻҪԶԺһ˵ˡ
֮õƹЦúϲ£졣ǺңȻ֮ܿСõгһװ֮ֻװϣҲֵˡ
ƹֱѧϲ
ʵ˵ϲֺֹһˣڳֻҪ͵ģǹϲûϹ
ѧȹĿϲ֮󣬱㽥ָǣذлõƹ˵Ҫⵥ֮ѧҪǮ
һһ룬ԶԺȴʲôѱ
һգЩʱʦһءһԺд˳ɼɽԸԳ
ѧ뵽Լһ·Ĳףһյƣǿྡˡ
õٹ꣬ɽҪˡ
ѧδûΣʥд£ҲǻرʥϵĶˡ
˵꣬ѧôѧǸ֮󣬻ΪΪʱʱʡ̰д¡
þ˷һյƣĺˣǼܻụජŵģһ˷ʮ˴°Ʋ𣿡
ѧˣʵĵľԼˡ
ΪɸɾҪǻһʹǰڹٳδܵúãˣѧҲ֪ģڹٳߵԶ
ѧҲͷˡ
ٿϣѾȵĲˣ˵ղǻ˵Ҫȥôƾͱٺˣˣ˿˵ʲô¶
δ˵ǸСֻ˵ÿʿȥϼ£ƺʲôǰѵ˵ŹֵֹģҲ֪
ѵѧȻ뵽֮ǰ֪ش˵ĿıԹü
Ⱥѧȴţ
ǰδʲôǰѵѵҪλ˸ǽѧ
ǽǵİɣ
֪ʥǷܼʥȻá
ʥЩС¶ҹҲм£±ˡ


154 Կ 
Ūڹ֮
һ, λʿǰȥǰϡ
ͬģһͬȥ磬˴֮䲢ûж, һҲ˵Ц
Ա˲², ʽǲҪʲôѧƶԼĲ²⡪νѵ϶ΰ, ûʲôҪġ
ȻûǣԱߵ¶˽⡣ǵطȱٹԱ, һʿҪȥ߶ΪٵģӦõ󲻵á
뿮֮ҲûǶȣǰЩ˻
ʱ, ʿǶѾˡ
뿮֮һ˿ùţǶԱ, ˼ݳЩʿȥ⡣
һ˵Ҫȥ⣬ɣøԼĺе㲻һʥϾȻǽ˷, ǵĵ, Ҳһ仰û˵, ԹԵظȥˡ
ǾһС䡣
طƫƧݸİС, 궬ֱ˼ѩ, ѩ, ѹ˲˼ҵķ, ЩֶסڱԺͷ, ɳ͢տȵ޺֮, ǲǹҡ
뿮֮һһͷˮĽʿǣͬǽ˵ʿĸǰѵʵ궼Уӵһʿʼγ˶ơ˳ͨڹΣǲͨǡֻܴظˡ
뿮֮ĿÿϹһ顣
üһνĸǰѵֵĲûҪˣǽʿǰ׿ˣ
νѵҲúˡ
뿮֮ǵʶȤʮ⣬룬ָмѾ˷ܵӵҪ˵ģٿɲֻ֮ϣʲôᡣеĽʿͨĸµѵ伲࣬ղףֵͷҲһġձһ׮ݶ
뿮֮䣬˶ЩȻ֧֧صֻǡǲܰ
˵ǽһС
뿮֮ȴһ仰ͰǸˣʲô᣿Ǻѧġǲᣬȥ٣ĻȥˡÿÿѲӦö֮ʲôǻģ
뿮֮˵һֱλǰ
лµ˽ԸµصʱǱ˵
ֻһ罿ˣȺ˵ûлסȻݶžͺܳ뿮֮һƣǻɧˡ
ʵ뿮֮أһȺ޸֮ҪǴڷϣҪ˶ñˤʥϺòײŵЩʿҪˤ˺ôû취Է뿮ֻ֮Ǵ֣Űľģľͷӡķӻһûٸɡ
ģͷܰ˶ɪɪ£ЩʿǸɻɳһĺ
Ȼ죬Աߵ๤ķ뿮֮ȴȻԵá
ֻأ˳Ǽ͹ľ뿮֪֮ûԸɣʱʱǴ̼һ£ֽڿر䵱ڱˮҲǳ⡣
뿮֮ʱһɲŭľǻ飬λȨأصĽʿҲûʲôرĴ̶ͷ뿮֮ܽǴ´࣬Ӧ֡
ԶԺļλǾһɻġ
ø첲ѾҪϵˣǫҲضáûעߣòڱԹһ䣺ڼпɴû¡
ǫЦ˭أ
ΪֻɵĽѧ˭뵽Ȼݶ첲Ѿ۵̧ˡͽƣ컹֪ʲôء
ǫ˿ϵķ뿮֮С˵ɣɾͲˡ
Ǳ죬ȴ߶߶ôǰĽʿҲ
лɣȥ͵͵һٰصĽʿ˵лλʿѾȥ˲ݵٵ֣ñ棺ѵûѵ¶ô
⻰ɫŤˣˡ
׷ʣνģ
˵νѵǸͬһȥףȥҷѣգڣΪ֮ʮֵǣÿÿ
¶ɻĿ⡣
˵ȴȭĻɺ޵Ȼˣ뿪ˣأֻһʼʹſϷ˼˵ôѰ˿
Ҳʵ̫ˣȻûп͸ǵ٩ɵһҲʵ̫ˡҲûʲôãѲҪΪ˱νѵԣ
ôǶóԡ
һȺæһգзͷõġ
Ҳ뱧Թ䡣뿮֮һźеıԹ˳Ĭ
˼˶ˣֺαؽƽأ
ݶֱΧһƬݶˣ˷ա
ԭסԺİٴλص˸ԼУΪлǻ˲ٶȺæĽʿǡ
ǫͱһըӣҪԷʵ̫飬ǿС
ϰյĸмʵȣ˵ǲĸԸݶͻ˵ĸм㡣ôһ룬ǫ
飬ǫ֪λӦֻܱܡţִⲻӷ˼ҵ⣬žˣҲʲôֵǮĶ
ɵȷ뿮֮˵ⶼڱԺʡԼýʡҪŹԵģǫһʱ־Լϵĺ
ڽӹˣвֵһСȴǱﲻɶõı
գǫҲûнȥֻĬĬǼźһͭ塣
빬µʱ򣬷뿮֮Щ¶ЦȺé®Ľʿǻе΢˵ʲôǾʲô˵һйǱʡģǾȻˡ
뿮ֵ֮òС
Ҳ̿Ǹ֪ЩչȥлҲȰźõġԭЩջǶ£ǮŴӦϷġ
⵱ȻҲ֮٣ϷôǡȻأ
誶Ľչ⣬ȥҪ˶೤ʱ䣬Ⱥʿɱɡ족ĹٳӰˡ
вֻǻҪҪвأġ
ʣݶ޺ˣտҪʩࣿ
ǣ΢㲻ȥˣû£ͷ֪˶ٹġʩС¶ò΢ѹҲԸġ
誵ͷ
뿮֮ȷûôգæԼĲһ¡
׼ڹȳؿһκҵĲᣬԲ磬ǰʿǰƷ֮裬顢Ʒ㡢١ʯȣǰˣضһʱ
ҪǣͨʢϱγɹͨĻĻ
ͬУʱĹʵôҿɶһġ
뿮֮ӦǴӦúúõģתͷ׳һ⣺ãȴ÷ѲǮɣ
뿮֮ɲǮ
ڣİɣǶС
ٰɶͷܣæû찵أ·ȴæˡ
߾Ǳ߶ĹĲ֬ˮۺ⣬໨ɸǰ֣충һգǱܵһʺƣγûǮأ
ʮص˴ƷһҪ죬ذ죬˶֪Ĺĺá


155  
һ뵽Ĺ͡
³̸һ, Ծ޺ãǶ˼͹ľأ
ûи߾, ˼ҲĶȥ, ߻иСǴӸ߾ûñִܵǰѸ߾, ٽҲʱ䶼ҪǹĿ
һҪѹ, еһˣζԸ߾ó쿪ʤ˶ˡҪ׬Ǯ, ҪΪʥϵǮӣҪ÷뿮֮׳Ϊ°ܽ
߾ֻǵһ, еڶ߾Ҹ߾˳УһʼĿֻԭʵ̫, ȥĶ, Ļ, 켸ȥ
ÿô࣬в˾Ǳȴ޵, ʲôǱأ
ǲǳеĶ
ֵµСҲΪһ, ߾һˡ
˻֪, Ǯ, ϾҪ䵽뿮֮
뿮֮誵Ҫ, Ѿϵ˹˻ϡ
Ȼ뿮֮ʢٰǾٰ, ʥԴǵ˵ȳظ£½Ƕʲˡ
誶ô˵ˣ뿮֮Ҳҷʵ˽Ǿãʥֻǵ
ٰǹˣϡˣҪȥȳصġ
˼ɣ֪Ҫʲôء
һ¶ǽˣȴ󣬴誽⡣
ϴһս誾ø䶼ԼͬؽϣһĴ󽫾ҪһӰˣְȻֵ»˶ʿ˶͹ͣıȴԶѷڼ⡣
ô䶼Խȥ˶ǡ
Ҳǳ۾ģ֪ǳ״һɵӡӡԸӲҪ䣬Ҫ䣬⳯оֵöһéĳʯͷˡ
Щ˴ȥǱ˵̣Ҫ˸̻ռҵĲЦϹŰ壬ʥϿôϲ
Щٴɫ
תͷ͸Щ˵Ļһ䶼Ҫţʥ佫˭ཻΪ佫ԼҲʱע⣬ȲͬЩĳߵ̫Ҳֵ̫պ߽˷סѱ˵ᵳӪ˽ͼı
ĳһԭ˵ظҲãڤ粻Ҳգǰ游ôģҲô̼⡣
ᣬãƢҲʥϿأΧߵ˲֪Լý˴һʼͲҪմ
ĳ佫ߵ̫ʲô¡
̡ܽ
ȷʵΧ˲ˣûһ£Щ˻˱ȽϺá
һգ誻һ繦򽫻֮ܵ󣬱һس˹
˶ʥϳ¶ѾǼֲˣȻϹأʥһνطˣӼλʼûôع࣬Ҷѭ浸ص˻ϲû˸鷳ʥϣеʷҲһֻ۱һֻۣ誸ˡ
˵ףΪ誵˶֧֣࣬ñȵضִǰȥʱͱòôة飬һóϷظ誣Ҳһ֣һʵʵذԸ¶
ϵ˶˹˳ˣ˭ٸҴ誵ùͷ
سţһΪ˿ؽͷʲôӣҲΪ˼һЩŬɻĽʿǡ
ǰΪְأδ©ںô調һһʩһĨĽʿĸ
˿ŶʮüˣôǸʩ໹
㱥
Щô£ʡ
ʥϲ뿮֮Ц⣬ֻ誴սһЩպѮӣ϶߿ࣺ
ˣˣϰǰû֮󣬾ֻʣôһ¼ҹˡ
ʲôҶŮŮеģһӣŮϰؽ󣬸ð˷ӣֿǳɼҵŮԭڣֱҸϰ߲·׬ǮǼһûģಡԸӹȥ
ҲûûˣһһɡڹٸʩףҲѰ
Ϻ˵֮󻹿˼ȵöֱӿȹȥˣæı˳ûĵŮʮıʾ
˲Т֮ˣ״Žץȥ
ϺŮծǲҲܽץȥǽȥˣһָúȥδӣҶǰˣα
ĽʿĬˣҼҶһľȰ˼ңֻ޲֡
ָϺʢһǽʿĿͶԷ뿪һѮ˹˼ѣбġ
ȵģûһǹúõġ
ʵʱ˲ã;ⶣÿ˵ĲҾ綼һ겻ѡ
أƶ˼ҳҲûж࣬УҲĳƶһƶϴ˼ǹ˵ģЩҪų͢ȼܶյ˵ǳԵĿʵ̫١
ҲڸпԭΪʮ꺮Ѿ㹻ˣ뵽ǶȴС׼ףֵһᡣ
ΨǫһЩʣΪܾýչֵֹģ
ûͷںδ
ǫָָˣЩˣôʲôʲô
ԹŲмҳ󲻿仰𣬽ЩôƫƫԼĿˮһɶ
ð˰֣˼ֻӹ̫ˣҵԸ˵ˣ¶ܲԼϹİɣʲôأΪ˶ࣿ
ǫƲЦЦҲǡ
һ˱Щܲô˶һŪǰɣôأ
չʩ࣬ʱеĸܵʲô伲ࡣ
˸ţԷ뿮֮ⷬŻǲԽá
뿮֮룬˵뵽ĵˣܺŪء
誱ȺʿΪбЩߣǱ뿮֮ƵҲĹˮȵľУ㲻ٵˡ
ûٳ˾ǵ棬ҲúŪһֱôͺˡ
ζһų֮ģԸꡢʮܱݳġ
調֮㽫ʿ֣׽뿮֮Լع֮˼ᡣ
ǴٴĻȻԽԽãԽԽáҲǸ⡣
ȳӵĺ⣬һһ񶨣ֱŮһﾪˣҪ򵥣뼸ġ¸ص˲ͳˣ
һԴˣ
ȻҪ죬Ϊβ˾ͽأ˭ܱһʵ۸
Ǳߣ̴϶Ҫģ߱ϾǺϵҲе뺫ˡֱͥԽƺҲЩʣǾһɡ
ͥԸԸ̴ͬͲˣֻӣ
֮ͨĥҪдţ


156 Ӧ 
ȥһҲ޷
ҪϢǽųסˡ
ʱųͦ, ԼʥϵӾôģô͸ƽ˲һأ
Ŷĳȥˣ־, дЩſûĹ˰ɣ
һʼ, ųǱж鷨ıˣһ·ߵգҲǱĥ, Ȼû̥ǣҲˡ, дд棬б˿Ц
ųĵ˵Ķˣ˵Щ𣿡
誺֪ʶųǺͬ, գΪѽ⣺ǰ˵Ų, 㲻ͦͬ𣿡
ųЦֱ˵ָû˵Ҫʵԡʵۡ
ⲻǡֹϰԵԼҸڣĿڲʵҲ, ƹˤ, ȻҪͰ, ŽҲࡣ
뿮֮һ䣺ǰ, ء
誵ļһӾȥˡ
֪ųĵʲô, ӲΣǽ, ˵һ֮óȻ˹ίʵЩ, ĴĻ, 鷳
, ǹܳûһ¹ȳصصľáˣôܲһ⣿
ǽϵĲ޵УԭЩϲҲһŲĶ磬ýϵĲڡ
ΣʲôģȰ˵ųĹھٰģǶʱΧߵȻҲǵˡӦб˿ɳ֮Ҳʵûʲôõˡ
˵꣬һת˵͹ȥˡȴûлظ˭֪ǲ˾ͽһӦ¡
ȻͦϣǶġϴһ˾ͽѾδϵˣ̴಻֪Ρ
ͥ񡭡˰ˣ˿Բع
ų˵ϣֻգίһᣬ課Ҫͬߵôųû˾ͽദܾãλӦΪ۲ŴԵģû׼ͶĹҪȡ֮
ӹһ߶ҡ
ųߺ룬ʸ˻дһš
˻Ƕɫ˴βһ佻˷뿮֮ȴҲù˻ϼϡãԲ˷ģдţָǸдš
͸˾ͽǵţʱǲʹģ͸˻ϵţȴܿ͵˹˻С
֪Ϣֻʥţù׼Ͼã¶һЩ
˻ȳ֮˴Ӿһ⡢ȵԶԺɽѧϸһ¡
ѧ뵽ԺϵĹͤɽ£԰ɽϡ
˻Ҳ׵ǴһӣڿͼȦɽĵأÿʵһɽֻǲģһǲõغˡ
ѾΪأ֪µ֮Щµģˣôĵػ᲻̫һЩ
ֻࣿµʱ򻹲ء˻Ҳǣ͢ʹ磬ʱ֪ж˻˹ȳأŴ˻Щض𣿡
֮Ȼһ˼־Щţôһ˲ӿô죿
ûôĴ¶Դȳأ֮ÿղΪ˴ţ͵¶Ǳϱսֵͷģ΢˿գ캵˵óȥ취ôˮ˻Ϊˮʾ֭ûһ˳ĵġÿææȥⶼС¶¶ȻˡҪǴǰھǵżҹӵʱ򣬱¹ܶҲ壬һ֮֮ԼŪòˣǹȳص
֮ڰضŹ˻ϣϣ˴ܿѴ
˻֪ʱоǰѹأ֮˻ϻǻ۵һ£Ȼ³ӣǾϸдвһ˿һ©ʹˣҪǿЦʥϻ㣬Ҳʣ
֮⡱һ£ˡ
ô죬Ҫ˵ԼŪã˻ȴּʱת˻⣬˵˱ģһص֪ϵͬǮԶԺ޽һ֣̽Աá
ѧɵ̽޺ˣɻᳳ֣
˻ϼʱԺɽϣɽģֶ̽ɽŴɽЩԶ˵ԺˡɽҷģپЩӰԶԺ
ѧ˻㲻֨
º¡֮ƣлв뿪ˡ
ѧҲʶˣǰΪԺ鲻֪ĥá¼֮ģǻãѧҲ죬㿪˵ͷȻֱ˵ôʲô
浽ʱ֮ʲôҲ˵Թ壬¶ϣԹѧĵȷŹ˻Ϸǹ׽ŪˡֻɵСӱڶûӦء
֮üͷ㲻¿ɲ
ѧ¶ôܻύ
Сɵ˵ЩҲţѧ˱ģǰЩҴӾǻʱ˵˼һҲнʿ
֪֮Ϊȥ˳Ļ˵ȷд¡
ѧЦЦҼҶ˵ܶĴ˵ƭ˺ôί
֮˻ԼܵЩ¶
⡭Ҳǲ˵һЩǵܵôڴȥԣȻҲٵ֪ѵΪ֮ʹļˡ
ǵԹĿ࣬˵ȻҲóһˡ
ûǵķ飡շƢԣȺǲùˡ
֮һ˼ֻŵǵ鶼׵Ժ
һߣԶڿ⸮˾ͽյ誵š
Ϊ͹ģ˾ͽչ֮󣬱ΪĹǶȤһͬ񣬽һƣʧ
ֻǰˣѹ̿ɴ޵ؿա
˾ͽشЦĹʲôʱ򶼲ͣ˵ƾٸտ꣬ٶûأôڳ˱Ļ
ʲôᣬпáһЩ˰Ȳ裬ܲΪȲȥμʲӵĲɣ
òʧ
νĲᣬ˾ͽϲΧԡдΧԣ˶ȥ
شǵǵĿĿɲڲᣬ衣
˾ͽһҲǣĹȺ˾ģ
شʡȻˣȥǲȥ
ȥ˾ͽصøɴ࣬ĹڵЩ仨ڣȴҲãȥһҲ޷
Ĺѣȥһѣʲô¡
˱Ͷˡ
Ǳߣȴⲻ̴ͬյ֮ûô˼ԼͥȴٴС
᲻ĹļıҪȥĹȻû£


157 ɱ䣨׽棩 
̥ǵı仯
ιԼʥȥȥ
ͥһ±, бթȥʲôȥʲô£кҲǣŰɡ
ιˣҲظϢ
ûʲôûصģǲῪʼ֮ٻһ, Լ, ԭҪȥҲȥˡ
ͥŸһ㡣ȲһȥգֲĹַֻػˡ
ͥǻӣ缸, ĹûǿʢأǻĹŹ
ô, ֣ҲӲܵġ˼ҶвſˣȴҲֻܵͷڹꡣһʱҲһʱҲ
ͥ˼ȥ, ͷ̴ȴѾӡȥĹһΪ˼һ, ҲΪ֮á̴ΪĹϵδϹǱƵƵʩԮֻ֣ͥʱҲôɡ
ݽ̴ôˣεĲ̴ҲḰԼġ
һ誻᲻ͥ
̴ǲԸ⹷ʵ۵, ֻǺԸ˽誣ͥȻѾĹʾ, ʥ϶Ҳǻǰġ
˳ְ, Ҳûʲô˼
̴˲Ͷȥһ治ȥˡ
ֻһ, öġ
գգ۾, Ȼ˵¹, Ͳ֪ʵۼ֮, ǸʲôӦ
̴⡭
治˵ûһڴò˵, ⻰˵Ŀˡƴⷬ, Ϊͥǹʵ𣬲йʵѪҲǲС
ֵʵиִҲδ֪
̴ЦһȻı⣺ǾȶϢ˵ĹҲҡ
Цȥ˽Щ
պ󣬹Ȼ˽Щ͸¶ͥ񡣵գͥڹз˺ôĻ𣬾˵ԱߵĹ˾彻ӣиСķ˴ģֱӱȥҴˡ
ˣͥ񻹲ޡϧû˸ٴùͷһʹһ
ͥҲ㿪ʼ誸̴þͺҲûˣֲɾĻҲûдͷȥ
Ĺǹʵһûн޷˭ãƫƫҪ̴ˣ
֪Ƕм飬͸ֱӽ̴
ֽ֮ͥѾˣһ̴ͲӦųЩ˵Ļ̴ֻһŮ֮Ϊ壬Űʾ£˭֪˵Ǹ
һΣض̴ߵĻᡣ
ͥһգۿʲôһĲ˳ġ
ԽСź򣬸оꡣ
ֹһգд󳼺Ȼּͥı⣬˵ҪȥĹȽ񱸺á
ιȥʵһʳڣͱͥ߳ŭ˻̴ȥģΪȥãǲȥΪޱ̴磿
ιʵ˵ҲûҪ̴ȰǲһŮӣҲֻݶˣֵ
ֻͥٲȻѾħˣ̴ΪԼĶ֡˾ͽˣͥη壻ģͥȴֲǣΨ̴൱֮ͥǣ޲⡣̴ȥͥز¡
ܾôؿ̴ĹˡȻ˼ͽˣҾרΪ˶Ըġ
һ¹ȥ͹ˡͣũҲʼæڷ뿮֮ĦȭƵشһȺʿµصʱҲ½½յš
ϵǣȻԸһʱ䡣
誾ȹתͷͽϢ˹˻ϡ
ȳص¶˻һֱиǱ߳Ǯ½һ֣̽еѾˣʱԶ⣻ҲԶԺһֹͷ̨ͤ¥鿣쳣ܽ˴۽硣
誶Թ˻ϸ¶ı⼫ˣûأϽָ־㶼Ѿ޽ˣԶ첻
誵ǮãֲһǮȥ
˻Ͼϸ㣬ÿǮõʵ⼸ȷҪϢҲΪѹ˻ϣûĵطǧҪʡ
ǸˣǮԴִţһΪ˺ͷ·
뿮֮ҲҪԹȥָģЩʿţֻӻһǰȳء
ʿˮ֮СҲȥˣԭǷ뿮֮һȺ軧ڽȺʿθأ磬ԼŽʡ
ǰ۾۵㣬ҧžˡߣȴһȺ˽п಻
ܵ¶ɸҲϰˣƹˤɻʲôô취˼ҷ˶ˣѲɻз˽󲻳ɣ
Ҳû뵽뿮֮ôƴԴ˱ʾȡ
뿮֮ţЩ£΢ȴҲһʼǻ顣ЩٶʱҲǳ˼ġʱ򿴵ǣ˵΢
ԵĿ࣬ɱЩʿǶˡ뿮̧֮ͷߣзЦ⡣
꣬ҲǸ緢ӣҪһأոʢġҲ֪ôԣڹٳΨͼʮʱȴ;֪ˡ
Ƿ뿮֮ı̫ͣ課һⲻ׵ĻʵҲǸ֮˵Ĵ
һ̷뿮ֽ֮ʵԾԾԵص˵أϽǳȥĺڵҪƷȴ˻ǮǿˡǮҲֻɴ
誣
ȻǴ
ڷ뿮֮İ֮£˲վֵصȫ׹һĶҪٷ϶ѾòˡũˣĲŸͷֿʼײֵ̼ˡ
뿮֮ų˭áļǮߣȥٵĵԡڽ٣ȺʿҲҲȥմֻ֣ʵ̫æ鲻ա
뿮֮ǣȱĶöˡ
˱Σֻڿ˼ȥЩʵ໨ɡ
ǴŴֲ£ÿջûͷ׵￴Ҳϲ㣬ٱųɫõ໨Ұض֮ۡǰܾƾԼĿڲţȥġ
ȥ˽ʿݣƾ˵컨׹ҲûʲôǵʣԸģҲὫǮѹͣ˾۸ǡ
˵ˣͱһǴǮ˵µ˶һ˭׬ǮˣԹԻؼҵźȥɣ
˱Ĳ̬֨סˡ
ЩӣһҪȥһ߻Ҫܾ޴̶̼ռͱ仯޴
ֱ仯ֵصʱĻҪңҪԣΪֵʱЩ軧Ϊ֪ǵݣԱȽϾǡǵֻС̷˭ԲһšûκελλԵС̷
ʶû˳û˼ҵףһСԼжѡ
ԭ̫ˡ̫ȻˣҲȷûԼеôܡ
һº󣬷뿮֮ѵʿǰ׼誸ڹ١
̧ͷһƳȴסˡ
⡭Щ˾ʲôôɣȺú޲ýԴ̧ȥĽʿǶȥĶˣ


158  
һ˻ˡ
ôˣٿ뿮֮, ĪЩǡ
뿮֮ȴһԺ΢ĳɹ
.̵õȺҲҲˣ뿮֮ûѾ̥𣿡
һƤ誸̡
㲹, ͷȴ, Ǳڵɢܵģ
ģͷ˶ίΪǿģ˵չڹ, ڹ٣Ƿµļ, ǻ̽ףֹˣš
˵󲻻, ҹУнʿķ, ֣ܲͬ
ʵ誵ĻѾ˵ĺˣǾȺ˶ھǡ
ǫ˵Ҳû̫ʧǱڵþƣʱ²˴ͬ¶ھˡǾھ, õѧϰôණأ
ȥһҲ, ǽô, Ҳ֪ԼĲ㣬ȥͷ, Ӧٳһľˡ
誼һ, Ĭ, ˵ͷȷʵ, û, Ǽ¶
誶Է뿮֮˸֪, ҪҪʿ͵ϼ£估뿮֮ˮݵƢԣֻա÷뿮֣֮Ҫ춼Ʒˡ
˰ˣİء
ڹٵĽʮѸ١
Ϊʿ⼸µеı֣Ѿ뿮֮ȥˣڹ٣һǿԳɼһҲǿЩӵı֡߶ã·ŵĵطȻҲͲǱֵĲ⣬ȥĿɾɶһˡǵطҲǸˣȴΪຮûжԸڴˡ
ֵɶһĽʿֻϵùˣͬʱҲЩڡ֪ˣǵͿӣƤҲҪһЩ໨ȥ
־͹᲻棬һҲûȥý³
˶Դ˶ղټȻˣЩҲȻЩ˼պһҲչ龩
ʿ˹֮Ҳ뾩ͷ˺յƣ⼸ľΪ棬Ҳûˣʲôطܴģ
Ҳ֪ôģʼ֮ЩʿǵĻظȻһ£
ʲôÿѧˣмλڿΣ˿գͷļλѲ飬νڡ
ô𣿡
˻ظһ㶼Ǹ򶨣ǧȷδнʿĿɵúŬˣĻɲ࣬ˣҪúϧġ
Ѿ˿ʼԾԾˡ
ʿǼĶͷʳãճԵĶʢܽȥܴ󱥿ڷˡԵΣ볯Ҫʥϳ̸֮ҡ
ô˵ʥҲʱȥǣ
Ȼˣʥ϶¿ƽʿһأĿõ¡
ʵǣܹҲûȥΣǳҲ¶棬ЩʿǴҲûڷ뿮֮ڵʱ誡
νʱʥǹ
һһĺƣԱߵ˶ƵҲˣΪĸ¹һӡ
ǫҲѡһλüͣ޲ھȥӦԡ
ǫؿ˿ڵڴԽߣպ֪ʵԽƣ
ɲǹʹˣǿʼҲǱôƵģȻҲҪ⴫ͳȥ
Ϊ˲Щʿܵ誻ڹǼС
󣬽ʿǱ½ˡ
һֵΪٷġ
뿮֮ȴ誵ǰȳؼ๤
ʱ÷뿮֮Ѱ˲ٴ壬˷ЩҲһŹȥῪʼ£ЩѰΪպܳһų档
֮⣬뿮֮˹Ļʦʦ˳㻹ѡһɫϼѵĹŮ
Ļ˵ȻĻʵ۶ŮúסĹȳСطѰʵѾߣֱӴӹͷˡ
誵Ĺί⽻뿮֮ˡ
뿮֮ʵʥͦµġ
󲿶ӺƺƵ뿪˾ǣձִȳˡ誴ӹ˻ϵе֪뿮֮ǶĺܣһһǸʲôߵǴһӸࡣ˻ȻëãҲòϣϼѵġ
Ϊţھ޲ȥȳؿ
ֻųţôȥ
ٽһ£ʣµ½ų֮ºȥ˹ȳء
ųǱµһ
ǶЩ²ȤųȤȴҲûá課ڣҪؾǵģϴ㣬Ҳһ󻹻ˡ
ةⱲҲˡ
ʮպ誵ִȳء
лµΪľʿѾε۾ɳˡɺΪһܸ֮˻һȥӭʥϣگ˽ǰ
Ƕˡ
ʱյʥȴü˵һ¿ƽʿֲ׺ܵúʥϿأлµͼˣʥϣʥ˭ڵģ


159  
ƽƽĻС֡
ϧ, ûڣֻԱߵšǴٲŵ޴, ֵôʧһμĻˡ
誵ִȳؼ˹˻Ǻ, һ±ȥԶԺ
ЩӹȳѾˣͷй˻ϸ뿮֮īͣǰֵÿ͡
ͷ˭˲֪˴Ҫһ᣿ʱʥϻ, ĻʵҲֻ⼸˵ͷҲ֪ضʢˣԵеĶһ, һ֮·֪ȳԭⷬģ
Ǵ򱱱ЩˣͷһμʶĹķʢ, 𺳣òƽϢ
ȳȷʵǰһ, سͷѾʰ޵øɸɾģĽֵÿҪ飬ʵǲУΪ̫, һ, ҡ
ǹٸ, ֻ»æء
سͷԶԺɽ¸Ľ
ɽѾ׻ģ, ԭһƽɽͷ, ˲پ, һֵ̽, Ա˿ջõ, ҪʲôһӦȫ, ӦоСֵϵӻɫеǹȳصصǣеطزĪ˵ĹڵˣڵزС
調֮ϡǰ˿
˻ϽͣЩǺ¿ģ΢ҲҲʹſӺǼҲС
á誵ͷϲ˻龢
һȦ֮Ѿܵ˺ҵֵķˡҲȺĲ廨ŵӣͷĶʵϣؼг͢ѹţ⼫Ҳûһ˸̧ۡ
뿮֮Ѿ˹أ˵̧ۣóʮٱ⳥⳥֮󻹻ȥνǵóʧˡ
ǹٸĵأҲǹٸ޽ӣٸȻһЩҲ޷Щ׬ǮҲҸٸа
誼Ա߻ģͷһ£Ǯһ룬ȷʵ
ͷԶԺҲȥˡɽѵ֪ϢԺſڴ
ǫһгϢĵȻ뿪һ඼ǽյģһͣг͵վѧ̧ͷ벻̧ͷ֮ǰš
̧ͷΪڣ̧ͷһʥϵݡ
̬Ⱥ㣬˻С̧ۿȥһ󼤶
ǿʥˣģ
ʦ˵ûбʥϻҪʵˣʦֻ˵ˣʥΪ˿ǹˣǰķºֿͣʵ˽ѵѡǸϽȥƾ١
ǶЩŰɣ˺ǺȻˡܲȥƭɣˣûˡ
ѹûעͷôһȺ۰Ͱ͵ؿΪ˴ֵġǵһԺÿһ鶼ͦģϸ֮·ԺͷвΪ˳Ƶĵطͤ¥ĵüһǻ˲ĵġ
ɽ𾩳ǵɽҲضá誸̾
ѧǫѷռ˴˴βĹ⣬˼ֲʣ뾩ǵɽϣ
ɽǫˡ誻ͷʵǿȳҪ
ˡ֮һţзŴǣһˡ
ϧûã뿮֮Ѿһ˵ˣ˼һصҲʲôĻѰһ㣺΢˴ҲˣЩлţǲǿϧҽһ¹󣬹ȳҲˣıܲ
°ͣüһγжŪˣȺ󳼻ʡĵС
誶Դ˱ʾʮֵϿɣҷĴ󵨵ǵʱû⣬Ҳг͢Ƕס
˻ȴ˵óۣ͢Ȼô㲻Ǯģʥͷĺˡ
һʱ˳ֵ˲
ѧ˻ǰͷţÿһ誽һ䡣
ͷ˼͵֮Ҳûҵ˵Ļˡ
㷲һֱһϸʱô죬ʥϹȴһ仰ûлϡһΪ岻ȥҲǲ˼ڡ˴ʥϸǰ٩٩̸ģ֮ɵһĽֲ˼أݵʶʶǲ֪ĥӵС
֮ʼˡ
ϲ㣬ࡣôܿʥϣû˵ǼˣǺܹ˴һģлǿʥϵ涼أ
֮ЦͬѾˡ
ǶٻǴϵģ֮ʣպȻ֮һȺͬʿǺЩһ
ˣǲ񲻿ϧֽǶй
ڱٵлһϲæӱ޵ִȳء
˵ʵǻͦĽ֮ģ³һԶԺһóˣƿԶԺٳϲҲδ֪
ЩĽڼʱ㱻׵Ժˡ
誼ؾһȴⶫˮˣŶõĹ򣬾Ѿ˳ˣǵҲžͶ¡ԼҲ˵ˡ
Ŀʱע⵽ۿȻˡ
һ㶣漴Ϊʲô
⻭ëһӾַˣһʼǻһı


160  
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λ, ơ
֣¶˽顱΢Ц
лµȻż飬ǰƸϸ
, ·ֱ, ʥ϶ȴ׽
뿮֮˳˻ϣЩ
˻Ϸ˵, ƽ⼸Ϊֹʮ
ؿɼƽ治, Ҳ֪ô£ǵʥϸǰۣͷ˻Ϊ.ˡ
˻ҧҧ, صȥ֮󣬻ǵøҵ, ʧ̬ˡ
ȴʲô׵ģƣֵ, һȺС
ʲ޶˴ἰ˸λ, ܽ·һģ, 治Ĺһʿ˵ǿƿǻ񶼻Ŀء
侲ԳֵҲˡ, ԭʥϾȻǵ, ԭǵʥ, ʥҲǹǣ
ĵ, ĪǣҵҲ㡣
һ, ˶ֵˡ
˶Լ, Ȳ֮ĳɼ
֮һôͷˣ
誼ǫ飬Ŵ˵ĹǲףֻҲͬ㣬޻˵ܴ˻йгЧģ
䲻㵽æصʥϣгЧ㲻ϣǵȷҵЩţüʸӷ
課²⣬ž˰ɣ¹ֻҪλˣȫƹ㡣誶ڳкøУʳǴ£һռǵ֣궼÷գȱʲôʳȴȱýܴսʳ֮ѣͷȹ
һ󼤶̬΢ضϹᣡ
ڲڣº͵رʾо;͹ˡ
˵ȶЩĽؿˣôʿֻʥһٳɷˡ
һʱ˺ڣ˴ʱǿɶڳֻûһ˷ϣΨȥˣͦãʥ֪ˡ
˺ôˡ
ҲΪö˼룬ĹϣµسȻ⡣ϣλ֮εصİնܰҵ·ʰš֪һ㲻ʲô׵£ֻĹһĽʿǺͷôʿıʣʱʱʡ˺޶ߣΪǵȷ㡣
лµһٸнĪѹȴ־ģԭܺͷĽʿ㣬ʥصĻǡ
뿮֮ˣǵϸ¸ǫǼеʱʥҲ˵ⷬ˼ͬһ˼ֻ˵˲ͬɼʥǼ˵˻˵˵
ؼǻš
뿮֮һһɨˣǸж쳣治֪˵ʲôˡ
תһ룬겻Ҳ𣿵ȵһޣ֪˶áȺһ棬Ҳһޡ
ʥϣⲻ֪£ĵԣҲȻһģһȻҲ˵ͥةһʼʥϰȻʵʱ˿ϡýء
һУҲƹˣҲˣôԲɵ
лµ˻𼱻ǵظһָ֮ɢȥ
չǲ誣Ҳ˲ٹˡԲ˵ˣǼҲͬһģֻǴģȴ佫
ȥȻ΢ĩС٣˼ҼȴѾٽⲻĽģĽʱʥңȴС
Ľ
һȺ˸Էֱ𡣻ȥ֮Ǳڹᴦš
ǰҲһ϶ǱȲйȲùеģסȴͦáͷоסĺöˡ
Ա߻вլӣ˵סŸˣóʫóȴټǡ
誶ʵޡ
յ˿գ誱ŷ뿮֮ǽܱߵسǶתһȦ
ǵлһ󼤶޲ðسͷõĶڳ調óɹҲֻȥĸأµ̫ԶҲûȥ
ͷѲӵʱ̴ͥҲѾĹڡ
̴δеʱͥʵʱ̽٣˺ЩǰȥţΪ˲̴һȳء
ֲȥ̫磬ԵϸȥͽĹš͵ʵŵ㣬̴ͬʱִĹ
̴֮ͥһֱǿ죬ͥʿ죻ͥȻǹƤҩƵģ˦˦
̴Ļˣôһ룬ֱɱͥ񣬿һ뵽Ĺڣ£ֻܰ²
ͥȴԼ̫һʱʱ˻ֱðΪʱ̶Ȼ̴Ҫͬͥϡ
һ磬̴ϢͿͷ
ͥĹ֮һ֮ļӣʵڿЦ
Ҫװʲôʱ
̴ޣһµսȥ
֪СΪʵۣƢģֻܴ׷ȥ
ͥҲסˣѾͷˣôܵô죿
ӦһȥĹʵǶء԰ͷһС۶治١
ǻʲôϽ׷ȥͥĴȣ
̬ҲˣҲˣֱ׷ں档ͥټ򵥲ˣƻ̴Ĺ֮ĹϵҾԲߵǱΪ飬͵ùˡ
ͥ׷ýЩֻһˡ
ֹʮգ誺Ȼ˴Ϣ̴ѾӹˣѾ쵽ȳˡ
誾ȥӭ
ֻôһ׼ˡ
ֱʱ̴Сһ˭Ҳ궼ȥˣҲ֪Щû

˲һӣ誱ԭΪ̴ϸһƣȴ˸һۿžͲ
ϵչһ˾ͽ
֮˾ͽҷ״֮һۣôĻʱºʧ
ĶӦĻþأֻû뵽ô졣
˾ͽһ֪⻰ǼٵģƽЩҲû˼ͬ誵ӭˣβ˽һۣ
⡭̴ǻûأһʱֲ֪Ǻʱܵŭһλͷ˵ЩĻɨˣֻ·뿮֮׼ԼȴȥسͷתһȦ
̴磬ͷһˣһЩٴһҲ޷
ɾôˣ課Ÿתһ󶯾
ǣؿ
̴סֹסһĿĺ£һ˵̬ǰûʲôֻƼ˲ǽ˽ӵһ̴ɴؽĿ䵽ϣ
òˣ
誣
һôˣ


161  
ԭʥϲԸΪ
誱ķ뿮֮, Īزһ˿ΣյϢ̴Է毺ãͦ, òֲű˵, ʵڸͷĴҹԶ
˼ˣ뿮֮кȻ֮һͷʥһֱԸȢף᲻᲻Ϊ, ǡ
ԽԽпܡ
˵λֹʥ֮ʥϵʱ뵽, ⽫£˵λȥʥϱֽԼеĺ˹ȥ, ǰǰǸǮǸʳģôѰĽ顣
ⲻм飡, ⲻǰ飬ѷ뿮ֵ֮д
뿮֮һԼĴȣԼҵ֢ˣȵ۰, ĹĽɽоˣ
˻̧̧, 뿮֮ôһÿҪŵı, Щ⡣
˻Ҳע⵽λŮкһֹˣ˵Ϊ, ѳɹһΪ, Ӣ, ˻ֻķݶ, Ҳ벻ȥ
Ψͷۡ
, ŷǹ̴ǵ, ûȵ׼Ȼȥ׽ţֻӲͷƤȥ첽ߵ̴ߡ
ֹһк
̴üһԾӯ
Ӹתͷ˵һ꣬ʵ۱ӹԽˣ˺òĽ
֪ƽ˵ʹẈ̂æͣĻ񲻹æ͵Уʲô氲ݣһ·Ϲ˰ɣسͷʰˣЩȥһɡ
̴Ҳû˵ʲôһȷʵҲšŲ˵ô䣬ȷʵǲûȻȲʵۣǿͣҲá̴Բ󣬹֮Ͳ׷ˡ
̴󷽵Ϊǹˣǰͷ·
ĪЩ㣺Ҳҡ
˵֮ЩգԼıʵûһ֮ķ緶
誺ܲϣԼһŮѹסơ
ͷɥߵǰ
뿮֮۶Ĳ֪ʲôʱ誸ǰһ˵òں誾һˮƽ
Ѿ˼һˣ¿ɲ֪ʷ
з뿮֮ѣ誸ע⣬߶һĿ˾ͽ˵һ仰֮󣬱̴ͬ˵һ䣬߶άֵȵѹᵡ˭ֻһˮƽʵ̫ˣ̶һ·Ѿʾ֭
ؼ˵ô࣬ô࣬߶ֺã˾ͽ̴ӦģĵЦһ
˾ͽʼնҲδ̴Щ¶˾ͽжţֻǲ̴ͥ˾ͽ⣬˭ֻҪ練ơ
ǲУǿ誵ϡ
˲ȳء
ʱʱػǽȳصķ顣һӦǹȳʷֵʱˣĿ˼Ѿڵõ궼ˣȼ֮缸˲ʱסֻ»ٲôˡ
˶ˣȻȻҲˡ˵ģʹӽֵЩ廨С̯ᵽǴˣӣǶ۹ϹģÿһС̯ǰվˡ
誳У඼ЩǼ״ҴҲ£й֮вֻǲҸˡ
ˣҲܿùȳصķ
˾ͽʼնڴŽֵиɾ룬֪˴ΰض⸮Ҳ٣εĳ֮͢ǰЧĹҲֻѧЩƤëʳ֮ζ֮ϧ˾ͽʱҪٿ⸮ĹЩسǣҲȡȡ
ȣ̴ȴúĽˡ
ֵҲкüǣزСζԣ˿ڸޣָ֮磬̴öԼҵЩҲܱĹ
·еڣ̴̲סʣȳӦǻ˲γģİɣ
ȴдʣȳҲͷһûлѶڴˡģз޿ûʲôɵġ
ȳصĿ
ԥˣʵʵ˵ʵǰĽʿһһĽʿᣬȫŪˡָǶʱʲôΪײùȳس
̾һ½ҲһٺæɼҲʲô¡
̴Ĳҫ
˾ͽҲһ
誺֪طԼʼˣϽ⡣
ڼ뿮֮Ŀⲻͣм䴩ţüޣһֱĹ˻ϣûʲô˿
Щʱ˻ϲ˳һֱڿʲôأ
뿮֮һ·ʵǱﻵˡ𣬷뿮֮ڿһΪˣȻǿʥϣ㲻ʥ϶˻һȢ׵ͷҪôǶŮӲȤҪôˡǰλֱƻ飬ʥ˺ôƴǣʵǹ졣λӢˬֹҺȻЩˡ
˻šüͷ˵ʥһλ
ǵģ뿮֮˵Żͷƺ͸˵
˻ϲŻ
뿮֮ڵðɵð˵ͣôܼʩԮ֣
˻ϴѵΪʥϣʥŽֹԸô
뿮֮һ߶߶㲻
˻
ȷ뿮֮Ī֪Ķ˷飬ǳʥϾһŮ˽ˡ˵λż˼棿Ѳɻһ飿

뿮֮ЦЦ˵ʵǹ˻ϵӶʲôأ
Ů֮£óƶϣ˴͵ſˣһգʥ϶¶ڡ
˻Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣÿЦôضʲô·
ʵϻˣΪ·뿮֮ȥôةдţϢ
뿮֮ųϵã鱨ȻҲǵһʱ÷֪
ɻĶҲˣԺƻҲࡣֻǶԷݵҲͦѰģĹ˲˵İʵۣرвС
ЩҲòһ˹ܣȻͷة֮ةа취
誴˾ͽ̴һ˳˹Աߵõꡣ˴ùȳõˣһֱûãΪдǵġ
誻˱磬׼Ƕˡ
ʱҲ˻ͷһ
ͥǽҲûȻ˰벽뵽̴һȥڣͥʮֲˬ
ȻˬĻںͷ
ͥڴţԹӭ
һֻȵ
дͥʣأ
װõºʥдλͣڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
ͥеȴһ䣺ּŮ
ˡ
ӭӹ̴ˡ
ºޱ̹ϵص˵ͷǽ겻ٶˣŴŪŪ
ͥ˲һֻӬһɫ޳ޱȡ


162  
һԩͷ
ͥ, һ֮Ķǰӵƨܹ裿ǰ֪Ҳô¿ŷⲻ, ͥ
˵׻ǱԼͷ
˴, ֻΪ̴ߵͣǵ˹ȳ֮ͥȻеηˡ
˷㹻, ٶ࣬ҲȲĹ, ҪڣͥδӵóȥԣҪҪȥ
ºٳûж, ǹŹ֣һ䣺б¶
ͥԾɳɡ
, ºȻ뵽ʲôʥѾ磬û׼Ѿ׼ˣֻĻʵ۱ֹϯ
ҲΪ˸ͥ, ºųƺ̴Ϊֹ, ǳΪ, ºͥᵱȻ˼ȷʵ, ʵ൱, ֪ʵ
Ȼ, ͥһ̴Ҫϯ, æش˽ιء
ιصİǿǿ֡
ոһû, ֿһ, ҿƱǰλҪ㣬֪ʲô·
ϢͨѾ³ˣһؾλʵˣ֮ǰһǴʵۣһǱߵĳ
˭뵽ǹأǳҷƼˣֺÿӢˬƵġ
˼ұǽּǽιΪҳ˷Ҫ˵ʵҲȷǻã˼ϽûҲûڿҿҵظ¶ƫƫСݲ£Ƴһֻڶˡ
ʲôãôûʵأһôŵѾˣ֪ǻܳŶá
Ҫˣϸ˼
Щֹ˵лĿֵģǿͥĿƽʱͷյĺûʲôҲûʲôľٶһĻĻͥȴ
˳֮󣬾ûһĵġĹİôô᣿ͷӶһ֪˵Ĳôûд
Ĺ֮ɢɼһߡ
ͥһһ·ǽֵ෱ľмһˣŻѹǻ޴ŽĻֱӵΪ׼õ齵㡣
˵طһԼסǱϣ̲ͥס˻ʣô෿ӣΪηǵð⴦
ºƢرʾ˴еӣ趼һģ޲𡣡סĶһ
ͥһɨмǼ˴סã
ºһЩǴѾסˡ
ִͥŵ׷ʣס˭
סң
ͥͷȴ˸һһ˾ͽߺʱѾˣ߻Ѷ誸̴
ͥ˲ɷı顣˾ͽ治˵ʲô
̴ᳶһǣ֪˻ᷢ
˾ͽƳһۣСǲϲ֮ǰڴ˽и಻ȫ˵üҴ
ᣬᡣͥһյĵûи˾ͽϵ˼ţ̴ǸмλӦģԲŽⷢӣ֪мĵضǱ˾ͽռȥù
˾ͽû飿
ûûСͥҡͷ
Ƿš
ղŲЦͥ졣
̴Ц⹷ʵϴϵͦڵġ֪ܣ
ͥסˣ̴һ㡣СǴԣֱɱ£Ҳʡۡ
誼ʱسԲһ·ϹҲˣȽȥϴһɡѱ磬λǰȥȼơ
ͥЦӭĻʿˡ
ȷʵҪϴһ̴ǲҪһƥܵ÷ɿ죬Ҳò׷ں棬׷ǽһͷһء
ҪǲϴһϴԲȥ
ͥҪȥѣ֮û
誷Ը׼ϯתͷ̴ô֪Ҫ֣
ŷסʱм̴ģ˾ͽνסĶУ̴ȴסڱϣ˵ԼͼûҪǷǡ誵ʱ⣬ͥʲô׵أ
̴ֻ˵ƽ˷йˣıߣĿˣ俴Һá֪סм䣬ҲҪһøɴסˡ
ֻװ
еƫģŵʱ仹еǣţվδˡеǻᡣ
̴֮õ誵ļ򣺡
ͷ͵ķ뿮֮üͷһ֪Ѿˣ˵û֮ˣ
뿮֮æ͵Уռһʱ䣬дһţ˿ӱȥǡ
еò׼ʲô̬ȶԴ̴ò׼֮ҪҪ̴뿪
ǰͷҲû¶೤ʱ뿮֮ĥЩеûġŸռĳȥ˵ǰͷʥѾں˾ˮϾҪˣҲȥ
뿮֮ϾˣæϹȥ
ŵ⼸գҪúù۲۲ʥϸλֹ֮ĹϵȻպЩµʱ֤ݶûСĶ£ʥ֮ǰЩŪǣҲ֮Ƿ뿮֮ûضȥ
ֻǿϧ뿮֮ɴ۾ϸϸȥˣȴûҵ˻ʲôüȥĵطżزˣʲôϹ롣
뿮֮һôˣͥҲһջ
ôãÿÿҪ誴ϻ̴·غнӴ
ͥԼʹʹ˲֪ٸɫ취Ը̴Ҳֻ׸ϹӿһȫȫͶ뵽Է׮¶ϡ
շݾɫ̫ãˮҲһбķζǺϲ
һˣͰǵĻʵ۸׵Ժˡ
һľЩõĶ֣ͥͲˣûЩԸ̴
ĹǸνĲᣬȻȲԼҵʢ䣬Ϊһ⻹˸ͷ֪Ĺʲôģкζ֮
Ҫڣ̴ȻǲǾͿʼˣ
誳ٶ۵ص˵ͷ
̴Ȼտʼβ˵˻ʲôڴģ˵ˣδ̫ȤһЩ
ͥ߬ģ˵˭Ȥأ
뵽Ĺ̴⣬ЩҲ۲˺ܾãʵ˵ĹƵũҲۣǲ֪۸ˣ
̴̲ػһ䣺ˣòϡ
ͥЦˣöûã˵òϣ
뽭ԶƾʲôЩҲã˵ˣһ̨ˮҪһǧƽõĳ𣿡
ͥĿɿڴһǧƽȥ͵ȥ
ô󣿡
صͷ͹һЩ
̴Цͱ򡣡
ͥ첱Ӵ֣˭˵ھͶʮܣ
ȥ͸Ǯ
̴յסϵĲм

֪Щȫǰ͸̴ķ뿮֮˻ϣ
ʵúƣ˵ɶšǺȻʼڴյĲˣܸо׬һʡ


163  
㻨Ǯ
ιĻѾÿҪԲ·ˡ
ǱûҪ, ҲûҪǮ߹һʽģǼʥϵǺ, ͻôһʡ˼Ҷ˵ũ߲ʺ, ǵϸȥⲻǰװ˼ЦЦΣǱЦĴȥ, ҲһΣؼ, ҪǮ
ΪӦ̴ѿ֧ǣЩ, ðȻôһʶɲ
Ϊ¶, 統жܣҲûô˵
ϯｻƽǾôʵ̴һһ, ͬĹʵ̸, Ǽʥÿÿ, ϣһ˵ã
һ, ˶Ǹ߸˵, ֻǳü, ǼʥϸֱӰڳһ
ϯ, ιæʥһ, ʼͷʥϺͿ, ôô׾Ӧˣ
ͥʵҲЩڣһڳǰϴˣŲӵ޼ʱͿͿķǣΪʲôԼ˰ɣ
ǾΪ˸Ĺ׽ģ
˼ҶѾݵǰˣǲ򣬻ͷ̴ֽЦ
ι˿ʥϵԴ浽ʲôǱ˽ݸǣǷǵõԩͷҪǮ
ιﶼڵѪʥвˣ̴ڶ߻ʱῪս͢ЩǮΪӦսѾ˴룬λôʡŵɡ
ͥʼûɵһ꣬ĸӺڡǸ˿ڣͿôʲô˼û׼Ҳûϡ
ǮĹǿɣôһܲڲҪ˼һǮɣֻҪ뿪˹ȳأʱԼΪڣǮҲ仰
ͥúúõģû뵽ĹĶ죡
ס󣬰λ˴˱Űݷˡ˵Ҫǩ飬ö𣬴뿪ȳغЩˮũ߱רŻͽϲǰ׻Ǯ
ƣʲôˡ
ͥ˵ȴĬãջ֮ǰЩü
Ȼ˻ϿɲڵĻᣬֱ˵ʱ¿ʲô֮в㣬ǼʥԹʣ
ͥоԼһֻӬһĵòСûǮģĹûʲô𣬴ֱ˦ͷ;˼ң˵ûôӲˡͥЦЦ˴˶ˣ޲޲㡣
Ǿͺá˻ϵݹ飺ǩɡ
ιüԣһжȦף֪ˣǾͲġ
ͥͷݸѾ
ֻƲһۺͷ֣㱻ŵɫ࣬⡭̴ھ˵ü۸޶£ʨӴ󿪿ڰͥһѣΣŶͷֹǮ
ԣۣɲܴӦϵĶιͥͬ顣
ǮԭǮֹҲ֤ҷھϣʱ²Ҳ۸ôô񷴵ùˣ˻˵ţְڳƽģʵھùòұȥʾһɣʱԵȣȥȥ
˻һϾҪȥ״ģ
ͥæסˣȥˣЩ˻֪ôЦأͷǻǮ𣬴˽ˣ
ͥһҧһģǩԼ֣ӡ
ιһ㱳ȥ
ǩˣ浱ԩͷˣ̴ֻĹȺ˽ȥЦǣ
ĺڵù˻ϣιһؾͷɧ̫Ĺ̫ǿǿ
ͥȻ£Ҳ´Ʋ֣˰ˣ͵ǮƽˣǿڴǮҲǲˡ
ͥ͵һԩͷûеڶΡ
˻ϴ飬õػ誵סѾˣֻϰ˯˻Ϲȥʱ뿮֮Դ˵ġ
뿮֮Ҳûб¶ǵҪ̴֮̽ĹϵҲ֪ѧһЩĨǵĳë˵˵ϣÿÿòһһ̽һһڿӣ誷ʤ
ؿɼ˵ÿһ仰ģ̴ҲȷװףйϵҲֻΪͣ޹ط£ɵ˷뿮֮ôͱôأ
ù˻Ϲ붼ûͰѷ뿮֮Ʋϣֻʹ˻ϣǩˣ
˻ĶʥϷģѾˡ
üЦ벻ʵ˺ӣ䵽ϣǾԲӦġ
ǮҪأûǮɶ¶ɲɡ
ˣʵۻϲʲô
˵ϲռŻ˻ȻҲǴģϲ÷ͼ
뿮֮ûԸ˹һ죺˵ⶼֹĹͣԱ߹ǱҲôףʥӦúллС
ôֻҪ̸̴ضûûˡ
ˡ
誵Ȼ飬תͷͰѷ뿮֮ϳӣֽ˻Ͻ˯һնеæ
뿮֮òǱȴһ㶼
˻ϿеûƤûζڵһ䣺ǿŤĹϲ𡣡
뿮֮ںÿй֪
˻Цûˡ
ڶһ磬˻ϸ֪֮Ѿסǰˡ
ͬ˾ͽԼãһȥԶԺᣬҲƽ硣ţ誱ȥǿ׼ˡ˭ȥ˻û˾ͽȴѾһˡ
һȺ˸պþ룬ĲͣһҲǵһȥġ
˾ͽ̴ǰͷͥҪ嵽м䣬ɼûȥȥҲùֵֹģǶǶԡ
·ߵһѪ
Ҳ߯û֪֮ˣǳ໹˼ǰ棬Ͳø𣿡
ųͥ񻹲֪ԼѾˣֻǼ֮ͷˣΪģֻǵñŤ
ԶԺסԶʱ㵽ɽ¡
ɽ²𾪵Ŀʼ
ֱͥӱֵýиŪþ̾ԭΪﲻɽˮĵطȴ뻹ôĵӣͷ廨ŵʲôУǶУ
뿮֮˹ͥ񣺡²Щȥ𣿡
ͥе޴ȥ
Բ
뿮֮ЦЩ΢ȻҪ򣬺αģȻĹز
ͥЩĶ뵽Լű˿һѣæˣ޲Ҫ
뿮֮ЦǮǿ϶ǲеģΪûʱ
һ·ͥڿƣ̴˾ͽ޹˼ɣϲıšһ·ȥһѾװˡ
ͥҲӻǰӻʱɱ̴Ƿˡֻһ뵽ɬͥʼû֡
̽Ѿ.󲻵ͥˣ誱ֱǽԺ
Ժ£ǰԺһƬյعʫ
±˻ϸ뿮֮Щǣڶʫ˴󷢵ġ
λǰһۡ
ͥԹԵǰ㿴ͤͷźЩŻһˮ÷ͼһһ̷ͥ¡
뿮֪֮ʱ˹ߵѯʣ˻
л˵
뿮֮죬ҶǮ


164  
ķˡ
ͥ񻺻֡
Ƕ, ֪ĹûġôǮٿǮ
ֻͥż嶯һЩ, Ǽᶨ˲١, ⣬²Ĺ֮ǰûбݺݵĿһ, ͥȻˡûѵãһⷿκһҪ, ֲ÷ôΧƷӽ÷ʫдһƪһƪһ˼Ȫӿ, ضиж
ͥϧϧ⻭, ϧЩ󳼲һǮˡ
ʥû£ŵļλ󳼶԰һЩֻҪʥϱѣǾͲصġ
ȻǷĵδ̫Щˮ÷ͼǷ뿮֮ùġ⻭һӶ, ԭǵ̼Т, ú, 뿮֮ûôϲҲЦˡ
뿮ֻ֮ϲ׳ɽˮͼЩԼĻ񻭲, һ˵ͥϲ÷, 뿮֮һ, ˳˹
Ȼ, ûҪȥ, ûз뿮֮ȥĶ
뿮֮½չ, ͥ˵˵ӣҿ⻭ϸǱµġĺûɲˣǳɢ֣֮λĹŻķΨˮ÷ͼƷеƷ֮áҲ֪˭˺ģ˹˵ҪһλԵˡ
ͥһԵĻֱ͸
뿮֮񶼱ˣˡ²ǰΰɣƨأȻǣ˼һǧġ
ͷĶιɫˣǧĹôֵǧĶ
뿮֮˹²æۣ⻭ֵֵ۸񣿡
ͥ濴һۣԽԽϲɢ˵ĻŨīͦǧٵġ
ҪڣضֵĺñôƫƫͲأ
뿮֮ôԩͷȻֵãǮֺúƣɵӿɲܸˡ뿮֮ʤ׷û͸һס˾ģǴˣѼˡɲҲ⻭ֲˣʱҲܳŽţԼܹȥ
ͥһʱʵЩ᲻⻭Ҳ֣һ뵽ҪǮֿ˿ˡ
ųһѵء
ͷĶι״ãæֹʥϣⷿͷĹŻأĸҲһ
ɲô˵뿮֮ϣÿһǶһ޶ģûеڶˮ÷ͼɢʱ໭һľͬͬҲǲһġ֮ˣƷóֲȻҲ֪ζˣ˵ǲǣ
ͥԣ·ҵ˱֪һҲ
뿮֮ڳһĪģ΢΢һף
ͥ񿴷뿮֮Ŀ⽥ˣǸģ˲ûһãͥ˷ɣҲǸ˰
뿮֮ЦЦΪˣʱ⣬ǼСͷһֻҪ۸ԹһЩȥ֮һٶ´ٲˣ˺ûӡ
ͥУɲ˵Ŀˡ
ÿǮʱҲһܹ˵ĵģᡣ
ιѾʶˣǲѧĹٻֻްǳƪȻУֻĻѡ
ɷ뿮֮ȴͥһ䶼ûȥԽִص²֪һأЩ˳װҸŭˣ޿̣ݺݵѵһ
ͥ˺ģֻǲ𣿡
Ҳǡһǲ̫֪һ֮ң׬ǮҵңȴǮҲҪƣǸʲôŵȺˣǵˣԭ̫ǣû˷ִ硣
ιһˣ˭أ
ͥɫҲƲϺÿ
뿮֮˼ͥ񣬸һû͵ûαίԼʡǿʡˣ֮ͨ󣬱ûΪСίԼǱ͹Žʳӣαٽҽʳ˵ǲǣ
ǣ̫ˣ
ͥȻʣΪʲôҪΪеЩίԼأЩĸǼҲᡢӽôһ֮ϣҪˣֻС¶Ҫ˵һ֮ûˡ
У⻭Ҳ˭ֹʹ
ιˣʥϣ˼
˵ԼѾǮˣֻĻͼͥĻǡ
Խ˵ͥԽƶԼ뷨ս˻ͬ뿮֮лָԽ򡣡
뿮֮ڰ֣󷽵ʲôӦģ⻰Ҫˣ
Ȼ
ιʥѾ¶ģﳹ׾ˡ
ûˣӱ˵Ĺˣ̴ֻ¶Ʋǡ
һߣѾ˾ͽ̴ۻһ·ˡ
һȦȴ˳ٳδϣͷʱŷַ뿮֮ҲǶ
һ
̴ӻǹʵڷ
˾ͽ˼ʵӱȵʻ磬˷ȥ֮󣬱ЩˣԾӪ꣬û׼ȡ֮
̴һ仰˾ͽ˼ˣǿǵģ˵Ķںδ
ջĿ⣬ߡ
˴εĲļãν׹͡ЩʫѰ˿ҲмȤζȵ˶ĵطΧˮйͨ
ոط˶ԼصĲһʲôǰʲôɶʲôޭŻƣʲôݺ࣬Щֶ˿ڳ㣬˵Ϻˮһˡ
ѡһֵǸߵͤӣ϶£ǰ涷ĳ濴һࡣ
˻Ͼǰ׼Ų裬ͷһϣһһ
ô裬̴øã誰װһЩôȥȡ
λ˴˵軹ôͷɴĹһЩȥˣаϲϲ
˾ͽҲ𺳣ڽ֮ǰδ軹ôãˮζ£޶ķֱ𡣿ͷЩ࣬ΪԼҵĲõһ˶־˾ͽͷһᵽĹζʲô
žΣ
˾ͽ²յֱζ
ûˣš
š
˾ͽò۷誴ʧðɣͲӦö˾ͽʲôڴ̴һЩ
趷һ誺Ȼһˡ
Ŵ̨ϸؿһۣˡ
һ̽ͷָŵķ򣺡쿴ǲЩ֣
ϴĹѣһۿžͲĹˣҲˡ
誶еúܣһͶˡ
˻һۣŵӦǸ߾˰ɡ
߾۾һ߾ͣǲζҪ׬һˣ


165 ̸ 
ô򵥡
誽˽λ߾
˾ͽĬĬؿһ, бģụ̃ҵǿķ, ԭûһƵĹ, ʲô³ҲĿãһѾˣһ, ĹƵתҲҪġ
õĶ, ˵Ҳû˼ֻĹҶˡ֮ǰǿһЩ˵, ȴĹʤһ˾ͽҲЧ誣һЩ
ʱ, Ϊڷϵĵ㲻԰
˾ͽЩΪʲôôؿڸ̴֮һҰЩ, һе, ôҲʳ
˾ͽܾЩ
öȤ
á
Ҵӹĳ, ĵطԲء
˾ͽĶŸֹ԰ɡ
죬ƺĻ
͵ػͷ, Һ, ̴ոշ±Ͷ, ȥ˲ڴ˴, û뻰, ֪ô̴ˡ
æ˵
˾ͽЦ, ԴװĶǽĹǱߵĴĸôģֻ˴λؾҪƻ顣
誻˵Щ˱˹ҵ뻹û˵Ǹ߾ȴˡ
課߾߾ѧµĽϻ誵ȸͷҲи֣Ը߾Ŀо߹ͨȫ⡣
ڸ߾ǱҲһĸˣԪʢֱ
Ϊ˲˭뵽ȻõĹʥϵټʱ־ϲл
ȸ룬λԪʢֱĹĿ
Ԫʢֱ֣˵ĻҲȱЩ߼䶼Ĺ֮ʢ
δ˴֮ǰ񻹴δϻ˼ʢ䡣
Ǹ߾ҲϲջǴ۸ʵ̫вˣȥʱϼֻȥܷһʱ
ȫǷθ֮ԣŵĽϻܿøࡣǰʱ䣬Ĺ߾̣ͨвĹ˵ĶʵԸֻڹԪʢֱչʵҲΪ̽һ̽Ĺ˳㿼һ⾿ֵֵǴ̼֣ҵķ꣬ԪʢֱľʱȹٸľҪɿЩ
Ǹ߾̫ǺĹǵطͲǰǱ˵ûûˣ͢㽫ĿĹϣԼѺ˱˱ˣһȥ㻹ĴˡԪʢֱ·ģֻǽһԪʢֱȴòϣܸĹʵڲԩεĲϱܿĹж฻ˣϻвɽˡྩˡǴȺУĹԾӣɼĹԭ˵ͳΨһҪĵģ᲻Ĺֱ֣ӹϵܲܳá
誵˰û䵽ϣʣ¾ֻֻȤ
ԪʢֱҸ֪⣬û뵽ô˳ƼأԪʢֱϲԽĿϾӵıǹĲҶˣǰڹڵʱûȹõĲҶ
ʵڴ֮ǰûôȹ衣
ɣĹĲ裬ȷ޿ޣϲͷ޿һЩ
Ԫʢֱ˳лʥֻǣ߾вûҶζɷС¼ĲҶˮ·˻عù񶼳
ںȲ˾ͽֶһ£⾹Ȼף
Ȼͬˡ
زˣӴ׬һʵԪʢֱҲˡ
̸һߵ˾ͽọ̈̄ٴθп誵ĺ˵
ǰǲ˵ģ˶˵˵ãȴ֪ǰ˶ٵĿ࣬˶Ҫ˵Ĳ˵ãԳûͷ֮һֱ˳˳ˮҪʲôʲô
誸߸˵ؽԪʢֱߺ󣬲˾ͽ档
߳ӵԪʢֱһ벻ԣһֱͬ˵Ĺʵۣ֮ǰߵǸӦǱߵĳŵƺ˵ġ񲻾ʵˣ
ʵദͦǢǻһӰ
У̸һʴ課մմϲΣ
˾ͽܵ˵һ䡰
Ǹˡ
⻰˵ҲЦһΪģҲΪ׬Ǯġʵ֮ϲһҲǡûоƣУ˾ͽ
˾ͽû˵ȴԹԵ˵ţû뵽ôã껹ýŰ죬ٰ죬ǻ᲻
˾ͽƮƮ˵пձ
ˣ˾ͽȴãᣬӦǻġĹһһ仯òϵʲôʱ˦ںͷֻ֪ǣ᲻ĵûôҪ˾ͽת̽誶ͥ񣬻˵˼
һæŪһ䣺ͦģദҲˡ
˾ͽ׷ʣȻ˾ͽȴʹֹסڣϸ˵Ϊ֪課ûйĴ㡣
ȷʵûУ㲻ԵΣгһֻʣĹ課ȷƽάϵʱ
ͬ˾ͽЩ飬ݽ黹Դƽˡ
¥Ϊһ£¥²ԶͥҲʼįʼŷ뿮֮ʹˡ


166  
˵š
調һȦ˶ܳȥ, Ҳ׼˾ͽһȥ
ߴ˲࣬ԱȺУǸ̵, ǰ̽һǲ, Ȼ;ԸҶһϸ̸һĹѾ̸˺üʵĴˡ
Ȼ, Ҫ˵Ļһ
ȾҪȥһʱȴҲûþȥĶ, ֵõطҲԶֹһñȶ໹˸һˮīǵĺܾˡ課ЩˣΪ, ÿضԵԼ֪
⴦㲻ȥˣ׼ȥ𴦿
ԶԺѧǽҲ㳲, ÿطԺѧԭĽԺѧ̸˼֮ԽԶԺʥġѧǸ֮ҵĲͬ
˾ͽƼЩѧ˭˵ϻ, ˵Ժͷѧӵûһӡ
ûǵʦ, Ҳ񱻷ֵྩȵصλʿ, ǿɱǻҪûӵöࡣ誴£־, ĹǶ˻ǵط, Ҫڼ, ûӲ, ԺҪ, Ǹ߸ϿɲС
𣿡˾ͽ˼
ò, ˵мֵģһ㲢Ӧ鲻ͬҲûĹóȻЧ£ֻʵ䷴
˻û߶ãһ󲻴С˵
ϤģҪֱĸ˾ͽͥ񡣡
誼üͷͥܵʲô
ٴսЩһˡ
ͥ²ΪʲôǵҪġͥ˰ɣȴЩС˼ȵﲻĹֲ뿴˫գʲôҪõģĹһ˦ڱԽвྩһֺ̼ͥ˼ˡ϶ԸĹʹЩСֶѽ
˵ɾ͸ɣͥס˼ྩǿˣǴ̸̸Ĺ͢Դԭİյġ
һ˵ݣĳظԷ꼴ԵҼλƺǽʿӦǱİɡΪǰɽˮܵǵЩֵ
Ǵǰ˵ίأ˵ףϱߵĶˣ˵˴οƾ٣ྩһĿδж񣬻˵͢иϱ񣬱Ҫ¼öʵͶˣȥ֪߱¼õȷʵٵÿҪǱ˵
ֻΪ׵λӲ磬ҹ۸ƺؿôпչĹ¶
ͥͷĸ˵ǼүǿǣԲѡ
ȴáүڿ˵Ĺǣƾٶа־䶼ǳ͢ġôûĹȳԭҲģĹҲôЩʱ䣬ʲôģҲĿõġ
ôһͥһôı顣
ôһˣ
誴ͥ߳Ȼʵ
ͥɲǾͽסӣãûлһۣƺֻҪͲ֪˭
ôܻԸأر۵վͥǰ
˵˻ץס˰ɣ
ͥ񣺡
޿ɱܡ
ŲĿ⣬׼װɵ
֪Ҳֻôˡػ誻֪ģص㲻ͥ誸⼸ྩ˵λĿǺȲˣЩӦҲûʲô⣬ֻˡ
ͥװʲô˵
λྩ̼׿Ȼʣǣ
һС䣬ʥһѲȳصġ
ԭǻĴˣʧʧ˷׷׼񣬼ԸԼ䣬Ҳû׷͵סƼˮˣ˼ҲûҪ˵ôࡣ
֪ʵ˾ͽͥҲԸ誵Ļѻͥѹû¡調֮ͥһֱҪҸطȥԼˡʵʮ꣬ûô²̨¡
ֵҳʥЩ¶֪Ҳ˶һЩƩ磬ƿһ²ʲôϱ񣬴˴αȷʵ¼õ࣬ԭĿƾٲĹ꣬ѧӦ˱Ŀƿӱ
ྩ˶ͷȻǶԼҵĿĵġ
򣬳͢Ƕྩһɽһɶһһͬʡ˵ȳԭҲģһı仯Ҳˡı仯Ҳͬᷢྩ
գ׷ġ
ʵô˵ֻΪ˴˵͢Ĵƶ˵һǳ״ǵˡ
誽ˣŸ뿪
ͥ룬ûϡ
ŵΣپڶΡ뿪ͥȴֻܲϲε͵͵ߵ
ǰŸߣЩ˾ĥǵݡ
ǸĿŲǺܴģû׼Ҳ͢ĸ߹١
ߵĴˣƺڴˡ
²ʥϰɣʥҲ͡
˵ʲôأ͵Ķȥˡλ俴Ҳδʥϰɡһ֮ε󰡣ô׾ء
˵Ҳǡ
誣ֶͥһ
Щʵն񣬾Ȼ볯͢Ĺϵ˵ǰǾͲҶԳ͢ʲôʶβ֮Ǹˡ
ԭڼԭԼĻҲһģ˹ȳزŷԼˡĹھѹһͷķҲһġ
Щ˹֮󣬲δܵаĲסѾ˲ˣ˵ٸǻͦӵģ˭Ҫ˶Լأ
ˡ
Ҳǡ
ӲϹһ⣬֪軹ûҪ֮󣬱ȥһ
һˡ
ͷķ뿮֮˻ϣտ̸˶ٱˣ


167 ľ 
һľԴ
뿮֮վ, ϲ󣺡һЩɢɢĵӣ̸ܹ˽ʮʴأ඼ྩɽһĵ, ߾Ǳ߽Ҳ, ˼ĻҪĻϵȵĲҶġةشҲ˵ҪһЩֹ, Ҳ˹˶𡣡
뿮֮˱͹ȥ誹Ŀ
誷һ, ǰ滨Ǯֵˡⶼɱɱ׬ˣǵһʼЩǮҲʲô
뿮֮˵ֹǱ߶Ϳ˵, ΨǱ߿ۿѣڶһӶҲΪ, Ȼ
誵ǲҲ˲Ǯ𣿡
ǴûôסġֻǹΪᣬҲһֱװŰɡ뿮֮Ӷ, һһ, ȷ˶, ҪȴûԵòصˡ
뵽ֳͥһ, һ, ŵİ, 뿪֮ǰضһ׮ŵġ
뿮֮ţʥǸȺ˵𣿡
ҡҡͷ
˻ЦЦ΢ʱ˵ЩԷ, ʵǲ˵Щ˵ģ
˵ģʲô뿮֮¡һʼǸͥ, ӺŪ֮, ͥѾ̲ʲôôˣתȥ˱𴦣ܻܲʶסһ
һߣȴôҪ£뿮֮ߴٹ˻ϣǼһﶼ˵Щʲô˵˵
誵󲻹ЩĻżྩĸ˵ģñײ˸ţ˵˺ôһû
뿮֮Цǿ̱ãЩӣ񶼱ˣҲûˡ
뿮֮תһ룬ȻţԼǰȥѰͥԼҪˣ֪ܵ£Ҫǲȥ䣬񲻰װ˷õĻ᣿
調뿮֮Ӿ֪ﰵŻȴҲû֮䣬ʲôȽأο̹誶ͥȫûκκøеģ뿮֮ȥ۸۸ҲȥˡֻҪ˴ţ˱ƼˣǾһж˵
誻Ҫ׬һʣǻ뿮̬֮΢źһЩԵ޿֣͵ȥġ
뿮֮һתˣٺһЦģ΢ס
գ誹Ȼŷ뿮֮һȥͥ齴˵ǺһڣȺ˸ŪóûƢȴñԺİѷ뿮֮˳
뿮֮Ǹģȥ͡ˡҪ׽ʱѿڶҪΪѣʲôϡ淨Ӷʹó
ʶЩ
Ҳڷ뿮֮ϵһμʶնʱ뿮̬֮ôƽ׽ˣôƽ⣬ͥ㶼ѾΪ֪ˣ¾ûбȷ뿮֮ҪˡǮ֮һͷˣ˵Ļһһˣһ󳼣һĴ󳼣ôŰ裬ûн
ͥһӣĲյ£д
ͥôô
ⱳԭιҲµˣĵһ£ʥϣ˵˾٣Լ˼ǡĹʵ۵˼
ֻԼ˼Ҳ޷ʥ˵лһسӰˣĹʵ۵˼ɾʹˡ
Ĺʵ۽ôǣǺãǴ˷μӲ᱾ΪĹõģȴ粻
ͥ̾һ
ҲԸ
뿮֮пܣԣǼпָʾڱһССͷҰ
ôã
һۣΪ˽֮ãȻùϵ̸ˡһˣ᧿Σˡ
ΣιѯʵҪЩǮȥ
ѵˣѰʱιɲô󷽣ʵû취ˣѾƵϣٳѪ治ˡ
˵ιЩڣǵЩũߣٳǮҲȸ⻹Ҫʹ
ͥҲʹʼֻ򻭵ʱҲһԩͷЩ飬ЩԸӲôǸĻడ
֮ǰ֮ǰڡһǣܵڱĹǡ
ͥӲرʾΣ˾˵ӲĻ¼ˣ˵Ǿ͸ɡ
ιɣٲźأ
ܸͥʵ̴ٰɣ˵Ҳ˲Ҷ
һգһû˳
ûͥʺ誸˾ͽ̴øΪڡɽֶѾǸˣԺͷֺóԵĺҲһ⡣
ȥݣҲֻΪǸ˼ҵĹӹʱҲ仰Եþ
˾ͽԣ̴ʲô棬ҲǼʲô뿴һ˵Ҳͦģ˵˳Ļʵڱ󣬿һγԶž͵ˣҲʲôһ档
գദöǢ׼ȷ˵誸̴ദ÷Ǣ˾ͽҲ֪ô£ڳʱô˵·ʱҲ˦ں沢УǳֵĶʱ䡣
ͷŵҲѧ²١
ֻϧǵһ˼ȴˮƯ
誼˾ͽߵô죬ÿÿҪܹȥ˳㱧Թһص˵һȥ棬Ȼ⣬ǲǲǵˣ
ÿʱ˾ͽĿⶼ⸴ӣƺ˵ʲôȴÿˡ
調ɶ˼
ϵĺشǶЩģĹ˻ദã˱üʵʥһֱ𣿡
˻ص˵ͷ
شǶǱʾͬ飺Ǽʥӣ治֪õȵ²ܳס
ǰ˻Ҳһġ֪ʥ̴Ϊ̴Щ飬Ϊʥеˡ˻ϼֱ룬ʥϾֹ˼һ㻹˵˼һ㡣
ǺߣĹ綼Ҫꡣ
شǻǱ˵һ䣺ҺҼʥѾȢӡ
˻ϣ
ôĿ˼
ϣͻ˺һˣֻǰææû˵ϣҺ̴ˣ¼Ҳһʱ
δദȻȴһ㶼衣ҪǺһû䣬뿪ǵʱһģ誱СЩԲסֻܾ֮ʹЩñֲܵί
֪ʥϺģοʥϣʵ΢ǾøڳͦãؿѰŮӣҲδ΢΢ί
̾ȴûĻֻ˵ôҲͦáʲôʱ̴ˣܽѹסܻˡ
𣿺˿뿮֮⻰ô˵òһǰշʱɲô˵ġ
뿮֮ŲĿ⣬װû
誵Ĵһûģ͹ԼĴ㡣ǰĴ㣬вãضǵģ̴ȦЩȻҲǵģô˼ҳĹǲҲӦ
ΪʥϵҸǸϽ˰ɡ
課֪ĳ»׳־ϾɴûҪ
ȵ˵ڶգǱд˵ʥϵ֪˴βᶷͷΪɽ¶Щȥ׼ùһƷζ
ѪǮʱˡ
ֻȴյˬ죬ϲǮˡ
ʮգʮյĹ򣬲֪˶ʫ˶ٻֳ˶ٱ⡣
ʢ䣬֪ж˴һ۽硣
׬ӯ
ͬʱŲ˾ͽ̴Ҳ˸ߵʱˡ


168  
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޲ɢϯ, ǹˣҪǻȥ, Ը׼˺üǡ˾ͽ̴Ǿıõ, ͥǷݣͷġ
Ĺ˿оѾܲ, ǻҪ޵Ļ᣿
誡׼Ҳ˾ͽΡ
żǳϵǺüеĸɹ˾ͽһΪ˵, ʵЩǰ׷ѹô
ɨһۣ·ϲԶ
·и
誡һĿڣ֪㲻ϲҾ͸̴ˣͦϲЩ
˾ͽ, Щǿ˶ٱĶһ鶼ûмס, Ҳ׷ѿˡ
ֹһգ̵ʱˡ
һ·͵˳ſڣ̤ӵʱ誻˵˵ЦЦ䣬ȵ˳, ʱ, 誽Цˡ
׽, תͷֵ÷ֿһֿ֪ʲôʱټ, ֻҪһ뵽һ, Ҳ˲ˡ
̴Ҳ誵, ֻͱظΪһЩ, ûʲôϲ۲ϲɢִ, ״ֻһļ, ·οһص㲻˵ÿ궼Ҫ𣿡
誰̾ǲҲõȵ
ټһҲã࿴ᡣ̴һ׻ԶȻǴһ㣬һģնһ飬˵϶һһ棬ͦõġ
ķ뿮ֱ֮ģֿʼ鲻ԽصλֹȻ˵òǶǼʥû˼ɣ
⡭ôأʥǱãòˣֿףйһ᲻ϲǼʥϣ뿮֮ʶغ˴ǰǸ誴ñӡһһĳ¹ˡܾµŮӶݵԼʥϵ֮¡̴Ȼû᲻ã뿮֮е㲻֪ôˡ
ܻ֪ͷжٹҵʥϵǵ۾ֱˡ
һ뿮֮ߴ٣ʱѾˣʥǱǸ·
˾ͽҲĥĥһжôƸʲôֲԺ󶼼ˡһ誵ҴһҲسǰɡ
ôΧһ飬ҲӼĻš
˵Ŷʱ˾ͽʵڲϻˣһк˾ͽֱӴͷҲص뿪ˡ
ߵˡ
誱ٸ˵䣬
̾һͦûĵģ᲻õǸֻ
˾ͽ̴֮ҲͥͬУؽͷߣת誵Ҳˣ¿дŽҡˣǲҶǧøõġ
⼸Ȳ裬춼ȵˡ
ˣͷİɡôɴ࣬һٱԶûУѾָ˵ʲôˣǵĲҲͦãôеǵĶء
誱ߵ˵ˣֻҡҡ֡
ٻᡣ̴ͷƳһͥޣѸЯ뿪
ɲһͬС
ͥںͷҲżӦ˵ͷżľˡ׽أ֮ǰ׽Ϊڱ˵˻סˮƯһҧ˲ǮƣΪĹ˻˶Ǹ߿һۣôùûһչҪԼ誣˵ûʱ䡣
һǼٻûʱ䣬ôܳȥô˾ͽ̴ɼûʱǺŪġ֮ǰĹϵûдã¶ѾҪֱˣٲϵɾûлˡ
ͥ˴ģǰһ˿ЦҪ˵Ȼǲ
ף㻹û𣿡
ͥЦˣоԼǸЦ
誷ѹûע⵽վŲߣòڹȳذɣǿɲɣĹˣίѣɫѾˣ·ɣõѰվšУгǰͷء
̴ͥΪҲû˵ȥˡ
˰ˣ˼ҼȻοƨأ
ͥ˵һǣѧ̴˾ͽͷҲص뿪ˡ
ֻǰߵʱ誻ԭפãȵͥǰŸߣ誱Щͷˣͷ̫󣬴ߴٷ뿮֮ǣЩȥɣﶼɹˡ
ͥԱߵĶιͷǿɻУ
ιͷһĻˣʥϣǶȥˡ
ͥؿڣǮ׻ˣ֪ˣ粻ʲôҪ̴ߵأ
ιҲĹʵ۽ôӣòѾĴԹޣҪ֣
ͥϸ˼һȷطʣӦòڡ
Ǳ˵лֲʲô֮бҪϾɱ
룬Ǳ߷뿮֮Ͼɱ£誸ǰԣʥϣȻ˲֪ôβֱǣУʱǵİͼһء
誺ɵ뿮֮˵ˣͥ˽𣿡
΢ʲô˽һ΢ܲڸǮɣ
һҲǣͥΪ˵ȷһЩǸ뿮֮ȷʵûʲĳͻû׼뿮֮Ҳһ˵
誱ûϣη뿮֮Ҫֳһ֮ǰصʱʿˣڼҽŽأϱͬ飬ʱʥϺγܲסط
뿮֮ҪĲҲ̴ܰķҲˡʥҪȢ׵ĻҲࡣ
ұǱĦȭƣֲڣȥսһ⣬Ӯ˱ܵĺô
ֻǿϧǣľԴ뵽ô࣬ǴսԽǶȳ߷뿮֮һʱáԭɾֻĹˡͷݶĿİǱ֤Ĺһల𣿡
ǲŵġ
뿮֮һˣһʱǶãһꣿꣿ
ҷһۣ׷ᣬ޾һӲˡ
뿮֮ʱ˵ˣɲڹŭʥϡҪǣʥϿԼ룬һ·϶ûٿ˵ˡ
誻ȥ֮󣬶ڴһͷЩȫѹȥſʼżĸǰȥɨβ
ڼ䣬ιӿ˱ƽʱֹЩеȻǹģҲеǹһģ֮ЩҲ뿪ˡ
ιصĸҲв٣ͷҵҪɨ˵ԭȵҵҲüһģһʽ³
ڸ߶һ֮ȥԶԺ
Ժͷ˲֪˶ٱֻһЩ˴˴βʫͻ塣⼸ǳ˶軹ʫأЩҲ󷽣ʫ廭ֱӸԺ
ɽҪ˻༭һʫͻ壬ԶԺԶĴ󻷾
¸֪誣ûͬˣֻȴһ˴εı׫ͽԺͷѧɣˣŸǹǮ
ɽȴЩסʥϣǲŸѧϰûãҲû顣
ְڳһ׾۵ǻģΪҪ˲֣ȫƾǵⷢӣͿǾܲܰסˡ
課˱ֵĻᣬ˱ֵĺãƸ¼ã͢ʵ̫ȱ˲ˡҲûԶԺǲǶʵϡ
調˿ڣɽҲͲò½µѧˡ
誽ˣɽδ˵˭µֻ˵֣Ǻǻ޷
ѧһĺ£Ħȭƣ޲ñһ


169 ӡˢ 
֮ʢС
Ȼǹ, ҲôȥǶϾųأһأҰҲᶯ֡
ֵһȺóӵĺôˡ
誺Ҫˣ, 뿮֮Ȱ, ˻ʾһ޹շ֮Ⱥ޲誰Ѿǰᵽ·ȻҲȰȥ
Զٰڿҿһĵ誻ôλ̴ֹų, ѾˡûʲôҲ˶ų, Ͳϲǰ׷ͥȺҲЩų˵, ϵȨȴҲܿǿԵĻ, ԸʥԽԽá
һųŸʱˣǱ˵һ˾ͽǣ˾ͽǶѾ˺Щ, ųֹӦû, 뿮֮, ˵ǻõһȡ
䶼ЩȲˣϻؾ˵һȣػ, ôͲܸ׼ţ
ųطʣ㻹֪ʥϵô
ʱ򶼵ƸԶ·ȥ˻, ׳ȥһ, ϶ҲҪ
伱öĽ¶, ʲôʱܽʺ
˵ŭų, 仹ûųǰԼ, ˵һӣⶼȥȻչҲˣվǲ󼺣乾һ˵ŶʥϣҲûôǳǰͷĳЩ˲ҪϺȲС
ָϾһرƻʱ򣬾ųȷˮġ
ų֪Ƕ֮Թô׵ĺͽ⣬Ҳٱˡ
еһУõʥϻܼ
ֻ調һٺõȡ
ԶԺѧʢҲѧˡ֪Ĵ˽ôҪ齻ǣĵҪһβõʫûһҲмǧмȻ֮ԺʮˣʮѧӷʳͷѡֻѡʮϺõʫ壬Ű࣬γ˶ȥ
ɽֻⷭһۣδĶⶨԭòת͵誸ǰ
֪ʥҪЩѧǵʵˮƽɫĳƷ
ǸģųͥҲûа̳дʫ˵һϲͨڼͣҲǿһƽգٴˣˬ˾;һ׺ʫĿĿİǱضдòá
ԶԺѧѡ⼸ףȷʵÿһ׶˶ĺ죬껹һЩĳȣ̲סǲǴͨζʼʦͨѧ˼ˡ
̾治ԶԺ̳ģʫû˵
뿮֣֮ʥϾȻʫ
˻
˦һ۵ӡ
뿮֮һ㶣漴ԼʧԿѣʥϣԹ΢Ҫ־͹ִǰλةܻ࣬ˣ˱˵Ĳͨ䲻ͣʵڿɶ񣬽΢ˡ
˦øɴֻ࣬˵뿮֮ͷһͥĶء
ˡ
˻ȴüͷûһ£һͥǷ
ֱ촽ЦһЦ񵱳ûƵġ
뿮֮˵ԼûС
йأʫҲø뿮֮ˣˣֻ˻Ͽ
˻˵ɱȷ뿮֮˶࣬ȿԶԺֲɫؿһ誣㡣
뿮֮һƨ
ոռ˼Ҳûʲô˵ʲô
ʫôˣ֮ҪӡġôҲû뵽ǣԶԺѧӲˣԼڳװӡˢ
էһʱ򣬼ֱͬһ㣬ֻɽǶ٩٩̸
ԭҲǼѧǺ֣ûʲôһѧͻӣʥǸȤĻԹȥ
誵ȻȤˣһǴȤԵ£ɽȥԶԺ
Ūӡˢѧƣ귽ʮƶȴö飬ҶԶԺǳ͢ǮģҲǳ͢ǮģѧѧҪٵÑŵȴԸ
ȱ˻һЩǼѧһΪθٵӡʾ֭ҲһĪչʱȻȻʣڶձŪӡˢ
誹ʱѧԺѧǲ֪ݣֻǼɽͿģ֪λ϶͡
ƵǸˣŪĶҲ˼誺棬һһĸԭ
֮ȫˣȻ䣬ȷǺĻӡˢֻδҪࡣϾͷһŪҲ̫ǼԸӡˢһˣ
誻ͷ˶һۣЦЦǸڸ٣Ըȥٰǣ
Ƶס
ɽӾȻϽһۡӣʲôʱ˾Ȼ룿
γѣæԸģ
ף˵֮ǻ̻ؾǶƷҪǰ빤ְǲĻƳҲʹá
Ʒ·ͻȻ֮䱻һϵµĴУ־ϲҪлȴֲ֪˭
調ִ֮Ҵ뿪ˡ
ѧԺѧӶڹضƺˣΨɽ˵ʱԼѧеһߣϸϸĸ˾֮󻹵ù飬Īķѧҵ⣬ʱдŻ˵Ҳλʦֽ̡
ûиԺ·ҲעҪȱߵļһЩɽ޾ϸؽô࣬Ǵϧѧ
һ̣ܽȴЩԺ
ǿɻɽ룬ˣպʥϣֵۣҪӱŬһɼܲʥ
ʥʥϣκϢɵˣ֮ǰλĹӾǵʥ𣿡
ǵʥϵ˵ôķϻҲ֪ʥϻ᲻ࣿ
Ϊְ£ԶԺ䶯һأӡĽŲȴûͣ¡
˻ӡˢǼװģӡٶҲ࣬ʮչ򣬱ӡһһ硣
׬㹻ǮԴһأдʫ߶һʲѵʷѣָʫ壬ǣºٸԺ򵽡
յǮ֮˶û뵽иõ£дʫȻ˱ӣ
ô˵һϲ£˷ϲ¾ˬЩ˻ϼ֮󣬷˱˵Լΰһ˵ԼľȻȻҲ벻ᡣ
ͷвٱʫͣǱ㲻ԼͬؿʼԼĹˡж֣ıжɧдʫӮĲҶʲô֣ʲô£ζΣ˾Ķ
ڿഫ֮Уһӡ󡪡Ĺ˶Ȳ衣
ǡڴʱϷĲҶȻڱΧ
ԭʱȻҲ˺Ȳ赫ϾûռྩȵҲĹĵ̣ྩȵصҲĹˣҶļ۸Ȼ˺üɡ
ԹдԹ󰮺ȵĲ裬ƽƽպȵĲ衣һʱ䣬Ȳ֮ʢڱ
ϱΪһ£ƺҵ˹ͨ㡣


170  
ڱĥʲô
һֱڹעߵ۷, ½յǫȵûţ֪˴βɹ󣬱㿪ʼԿ޾˵ǰ첻ɰ, лЩ˵޾Щù, ֪Щùǽʾ֭ĳƪۻҪõöࡣ
뿮֮ƨ󣺡ǣЩȵʥ
˵ֵص㣺΢ة൱ȫ֧ġ΢¿ɼ, ʲô΢ᶨվߡ
˻֮Աǡ
ҲϰλˡҲʲô, Ͼ뿮֮صȷǳģгţǰڲǮǴǶõġ
׬Щ, ȴ㻹ȥ㿪Ժ, ڱ߿ġ͢ҪǮĵطʵ̫ˣв˾ߡǷŰɣЩٸһλһ, ߾Ǳ, óǷЩء
¶˶, Ψв˾ھ, ʺͬ߾̸ˡ
ò˵, 뿮֮һ䣺ʥʲôأ
ŵ¡
, , ţôĶ뿮֮һ±ɫ, ̶һ仰Ĺ㹻ѳǸӵǧٱˡ
϶, ƽڳ費˵ȵͷҪ¡
ˣ
뿮֮ɧȴˬҪˣʣµıƺˡ
ʵƺҲģ誴Խһж˻ϣԼ̻ؾؾǴ£ƺȽ˼
Բ˹ȳظ췽˾ۺһ¾ҵһֱȥܷܲչΪطɫΪ˲֮Ҳš˵ˣǻɽȳر֮ءԭȼ꣬뷨ֻǿ룬겻һˣ͢׬ǮҲ׬ǮǮеԽԽˣ⾰дڵĿԡ
誶Թȳرкܴڴһڴһܰһ֮Ҳڴ
Ǹڹˣȳи޺ܷģгһգȳصľܱȼٰǣ޻ȳذոŴ˵лء
֮
챻òҶˡ
͹ȳֵطȼٰǣһٸҲô밡ʥϵж󰡣֮ӦֲҲӦֻб˾ģȫΪ
뿮֮˵Ŵһ㶼ġٰӱض󳼶ʼ״ˡ
֮亹ֱ
˻ϼ״뿮֮Ŵ󣬲˵Щ
˭أ뿮֮ҲΪɵɵŴһ£ҲǹҲġ
ҽҹֵ֮һ
¶ȱ̬ܲõͲܱ֤ˡ
ҲЦЦ齻ȥˣ֮϶ᶯġѹѹģѹж
˵ˣ֮ҲϾȷǿѡ
ֻһȳ˱ֻ಻٣õҲøϣù̲ܽɷҡ
ֶ֮Ը˺Щָ֮Żòᡣ
лִԼȵة໹Ҫʥء
ʵ޸ܰ
ɽңǶʾ˴β˵ǽύ˲īͣԺ߻һʫ磬ÿ뼸λǰʫÿ³һʫʣҲȳ
˻ϵͷ⵹ҲãʫҪĵطÿڡ
֮ĬһڴǰԵΨΨŵŵҲҲͷ
һ̻ᣬ֮˶ͦ˵ġ
֮𵱳ҵֵʱ򣬸ĸ̴ֿǳ˲ٵȻǿܲĸԸ˳ҲûЩ˵ĵλȴܵ˶෽£ʶؾ뿪ǵӵܲƾ١Ժһ룬誱ⲻͷ
Ҳ˵˵ƽǾǮٸܲƾٵĻ󻹲֪Ҫʲôгһս泯͢µ̹ᣬǿɾСʧˡ
һֻǮ̼һЩʹ͡
ʼҵʹͣʵǴʵʼֵЩ̼û뵽Լ֮ܵõĹٲ͵ıʥϵּŵʱ򣬼ֲ̼ϲˡ
ǰȷ˱ԹǮĿֵ̫ˡ
ϸ룬Ϊ͢Ǯĺ񶼲װ˷ӡһ͢Ǯǡǡ˳͢ʱԸʹҲۺ졣˾ǮĴˡ¹ڵһΣǵ⣬һǧлж¡
Ѱտֵ֣̼棬СҲ̶̰Ҳ׬ƽһ׬ǮνǽԴϲ
ǲܾ޲һֱȥ
ȳһУȻûô¶棬ȴȻˡ
Ȼ͢룬誵һæ˱ûнڣֻԭ·ˡ
һôãֵˡ
ֻǿϧ˰䲻ܸһȥǰûסչ˻ϵ֣˰Ҫⶫ·ãھǵ
˻һůδ˵ʲô滰ֻӦһ䡰á
ǧУֲС֮жһȻʵԽٳ;żʥϣáȻʥĸܶ࣬ʲôɲʥϷأ
ʥ·ƱҪ·ɵڶٰǡ
֮˻ϲͬĵط
֮é®ѴԼУɹ˻ȴη壬ӭѶϡΪģηѣһʼͲٰҶϡ
Ŀ뿪˻϶֪¶º͵΢ЦȻȥɣһ¡
ͻأİţֱһԤ϶С
誻سʱʼسˣȴô··Ҳǻλƣ̰ᵱΡʮվִٰܵǻһ¡
һ¹ȥٰʱȻЩĵˣʱ򲻾ʲôҪةʱ誺ȻЩ˼ˡ
뿮֮ƽʱͦģȴʧһ㣬ʼߴ誣ʥô빬ة඼Ѿڻʳˡ
ȣ㻰ࡣ誺һۣҲ֪òЩӱҲûã˼ݳ
־֣һƿʷ뿮֮ǰعô˻
뿮֮Ʈһ£ǰǴǰسʱ䳤һЩʵةˡ
𣿡
ǣ϶ǣ
ûط³۾˼뿮֮û׼ųҲУһǲܽǰ֪¶
⼸˶ͷ֪װʲôأ
Ҳ£ˮڣ˱ƻη壬ƻôε¶һˣҲʲôˡ
л˵
ⱾҪӽβ


171 Զ 
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쵽˻ʳſ, 뿮֮ٴδߴ٣ʥϣǿȽȥɡ
誺ɸ
ʵǾѾҪˣǻٶһЩ·, ҹܻع뿮֮ʱҲһֱ߶߶, ˵ʲôȲùڣίһ£ٶһʱܻȥˡ
ֻڷƨ, ίѾίһˣͷЪһЪʲôϵظϻȥ, ɥɣǰͷûʲôüë¡Ͼô𼱻ǣǡǲ֪ģʵҲȥ, һͷľ棺ǰͷûʲôµ, еĻˡ
һУǱضǸ뿮֮йأ, ˭
뿮֮ȻЦ, װ˺Ϳʥ⻰΢, ΢ȥ
ˡ
誼ǰһ, 㿴ǰͷһȺڻʳſˡ
ةٹǰӭʥݡ
˵ʵڵ, ԼΪʵ¶ûʲôо, ÿγԶŶӭӵĸо, ʵġ
һԾ, 첽ǰ, Խǰ漸˶˴ε뿮֮˵׻¶£ةˡ
΢Ӧõģﵣһ֣
ǿһΪݿҲʱ½ģԼˣԼ·ʱЩˣɢȥ׼ЪϢһ
ϻ˵ڣȴδ
誣
ôţϢ
ʹһߴ٣İٹֺãة಻òѹվة࣬³˭վҲʣվζҪʧȥʥġ
ųίرʾ˻ҪɷʥƼǰ
誽ʶˡ
Ѱ飬ɲ˴󶯸ɸ꣬ƷϵĹԱƶĹҪΪǾһΪǱƹ
誵ƢһҲʶʶ﾿ʲô˼ҲϢˣ˳ǵ˼˹ȥµǰ
ÿش󳯻µĵط˸̨κ󣬼ӽһ£˲ϳĸоΣʵ
λкҪ£
ųȿڣϲһ誣һǹϲ˴β쿪ʤ˹ɹ;ǹϲٵһţھǣȴѾ˵˻ӡˢˡ
Ʊػӡˢҵ컻صĴ𶯡ƾƳն飬Ȼǻӡˢܷʹã鱾ļ۸ػή̻֮ͣ͢Ҳ䵽ʵˡ
誱ųһƨĵĴá
˭˵ة಻˵ģһܻ˵課ֻ֪ǺǾ;ͺˡ
һϣų˸֮󣬺ˡ˸߲ҵһֵ÷գճɱȥ˲٣Ĺ־ռǵƹ㵽һٰҲ˼ˣʱգһҲʳҲܴ
žòʳΪ죬ʳʲôҪ
ֽ֮ϸʱв˾⡣Ĳһ˼Ǿв˾׬Ǯ͢ΪʱҲȱǮˡ
誴ΪΪܸоһġ񶼲㣬֪гλһᡣ
ҲվУѾƳӦɶһĵĹˡѵõЩ߲ˣ񱱵Ѿ½ˣ˵ֻܲȳ͢Ĳһܳƹ
課סͷµѾôƴˣĪ̫߳ˣ
˵ôˣһ춼Ĩˣ˵ľȫ˵Ļ
誻ûãվ˳˵ĸ֣ѾӲزˣʱԿս
ȵȡ
սסˣæֹסĻ˵Щ˭ս
ЦЦȻǸսˣһ˵ˣʵڹȳʱʥϲ̼볯͢ΪСˣվǸˡ
誸æʵǷЩ٣׽֪֮ǲٲҶҲˡ
ƽﲻɽ¶ˮ͵麫ȴַҲô˵ǰںô˵ο˶թǼܱһΣҲõڶΣվáĹȱȱǮƣȱǿ̤ƽĺʱ򣬻ʥϣĪҪΪ
誱óסˣһôô쿪أգѹοǹˣҲʦ
˵ʲôǶʲôëƤС£׵ԺˣЩǾȻšţ˵ţҪƽ
ȷĳӣȷûë
調޲ǳһԶţôƫˣĹһΪƣǳҲ֮ʦô˵׼ˣʵ۱ЩС˼ҲֱĹ
ֽͬƽ԰һЩսֻðǻֲ̿
ǿµΪֹĪᡣ
伱ˣ֣ҲᶯֵģǶ־ͳˣ
ʱǱ˵ģȲϡ
ҪǣЯ󱨣λ޵Ĺ
뿮֮˵ˣʥϸλֹദ뿪ʥ϶Ƕ֣ŷ䲻Ȣģֻǰڱ˴ݣֹд־ÿڡ
ʥϲÿǾ
ȥˣһ˵ӣʥϣͱװˣǶѾ֪ˡ
誣
ǰ뱲ĴûнһĶࡣ仰ˣÿϵãôһˣ
ų誻װҲ̾һϲ̸һ̸
ƵϣнĹﵱʺʥҲǹһˡ
Ϊ˻ʼкųò٣ϿҵعȰ;ʥϣȷŮкܣΪʺ΢ҲΪ˾ˡֻǾĿǰһĲƽֻ²޼˵ͷΨܳɽ֮󡣡
żʥϵĻ£Ҳ֪ǿŤĹϲܵ˼ĸԸļ޹Ȼֻһˡ
˰Σǵ߼
ֻЩЦЩһ쵽Ĳ¶ʲôأ
޺䲻Ȣˣֺʱˣ
˲Լ̧ͬͷ誣¶˰ݵɫ
СӲ˼ϣǶġ
誶ͷˣٴǿ˵ûУ
ڳӴӴӴˣã
һ˲޲ֱ
һŨŨȻʶԼ˵ʲôǶ֮誷ˡ
˰ˣ˵棬ǽħˣԽ˵Խִȵ侲ٽͰɣ˵ٶ඼ǰ׷ѿࡣ
ֱӰǺ˴
Ȼ˵һȥǾ͹ɣԽԶԽã
ȥʱﻹţʥͶͣĬˣ
սѾüˡ


172  
ʵ۵Ļ鲻ôñƵġ
ΪЩԱ˲, ԭΪعܹ֮ϰӣͷȴˮա
ϸ룬ֻһжǷ뿮֮ܡ׼ȷ˵Ҳ, Ϊ̴ñ, ǹ̴̹̹ȷʵ, ҲܳΪǶⴧɣ
Ƿ뿮ֱ֮˼, ܿʲô뵽Ů֮¡
ųΪ׵ȺɶĴ󳼣ǰһΣºֹ̬ȡ
һζˣ
ػ޵, Ϊзƣһֱڴǰڡ
˰̽ŵϲʥǸ, һ
ŵϲûаǰó˵ֻʱЩ˵£ʥڶء
˭ôĹȻϲˣôҪ, Щ˽йһٲͳ, αˣ
ŵϲ, ʥϵʵ̫ˣһһжв, ȫй, һٴαƻ顣ʥǱ, ƽమЦһ˰, λ֮ûЦ
ŵϲҲ, ֪, ʥϲȢǲеġ
˰ŵʱʥϻûдӴת˼ŵϲΪƢθ룬ǹȥȰȰȳ극˵
̫߳ǶҲȥһⷢ㶿ɲǸ¶
誺γ֪أֻǾñˡ
ʱûʲôθڣŵϲʵҲ¶ϣֻǾͻСؼһʱ
ŵϲĵһѾǰЩصøպãн˵Сֻ³еĴ󳼲ô롣⾩ͷѰռ޲ֵػʮѾ;ڳͷĸ˼ңвԴҲ򣬴Ҳֻܻʮ
誶һ١
ŵϲٽѾˣū˵һûصĻʵǵͣĥȢˡͷЩ˵һЩǴʥϵȴġ
ƲֵشһѼȣ£Ĳ˵ϡ飬һ顣˵ŵϲ˵ЩҲ֪ʵ
ƽֻʮĹŴȷʵˡ
ĹŸպתҪĵط֪ж٣һףܾûôľҲûôʱˡУ˼̴Ҳδؿ
ԣЩһ̳ܲģûӰһôʲôɼгĳë
ùţȥ̫ǶһˣδֻǴҴ¶˸潻仰֮󣬱ֻ޵
ʵѣ̫Դ֪ȴװơǰλҲϢлʱһҪȰʥϣʥնס
̫֪żԼȴһû̫нݵӣ誶Ŀء̫ǸӦ˭ҲӦ誡̫Ҳż֪ԼûõģʥԸ
Ϊ֮ƣֻòˣӲ
ϢһҹڶδѪҲ롣һҹͨԼñ
ؾ֮ĵһգ誱㽫ĿĹͷϡ
ԴŶƸӡˢһ豸ǰȥҳӡ
һ˵ֻ˵ӡˢȴδ誹˵ҳӣȥҲǽǿ۽硣һΧԱߣ۾ɵϴ´һǰ
ûۿˣˣ
誱Ÿ첲ӸµػһˣڵҲ͸Щˬ죺Ű޴ӹȳģСԴȴӡˢ͸Ű룬һˣǮҪ¶ɽжŰί
ˣϹЦ㹧Ӧˡ
Ծɲ⣬Ҳ磺ԭΪǹæýŲմأһȴɢԣֲóµ¶ء
̲סˣܵίͬҲίԴǣʥ˵Ļδ̫ίˣͣû˿ɢһΪĹһΪʥϵĽɽ𢣡
誵ȵľһ仰ϣã޾ϲʵˡһ鼬ֵĺܣȻ˱˾ģ޾ͽ½㣿
ˣʾˡ
ող˵ĺúõôһתᵽˣ
ûиڵĻᣬû˸ԹԵ˵Ҵ˴ǰȳʱ·һС̯ˣζáֻѵãҲѵá͵ļ۸񲻵ͣɳȴߣָܵ㣬ոեͻð˶Եͣˡ
ĿԶҲǳ࣬⻰һ˵ζŹİʱǽӴˡ
ʱ䣬º¡
Ϊѵıˬسˡ
뿪調˿ĹƱϵı룬һù˭أ
ˣȥˣˣɣ
һҪܱһ䣡ҲҪ֪ʵ۵Ļ鲻ôñƵģ


173  
췭ظ
誵ִʱ, ǰ׼ûСոϧ˴αƻʧܵ¶תͷͷ¼üŪ۵Ź
Īоëͷʱ, ϲ֪ʱ, վĿ

䶼ˡ
ƤЦⲻЦؿڣ䣬Ǻ°
²۽ʲôԵø԰ףֻܶʥϷ·ɱһĿ, ڨЦŵʥϣôˣ
Ҫǲ, Ҳ֪ôŰޡޡȥ
΢һʱʧԣʵ䶼ˣԼ˽͵͵ֹϱϾǲһġ䱾Դǵظһƻ, ʮ㣬񱻴ڱ˵л, ˡ
һˣȴηηվǣ⿴Żͦġ
ȴûôܶȥͬչǲ, װ, ˵ˣ޿Ҳͦе, ôҲǸ¶, ʱٸһ֧ȸ, ֮ȥذм졣
ϵɢЩ, תʵʥıЩˣ
Ҳûʲôĵ, һ˫۾ܹǺõġҪ, 誾ͲЩ, һֻŶ£ʵᡣ
ޣĸ֮ȸá
ʱ䣬ȷʵֵͦģһ֧ܴõȸɲôѵģǰھѡӣѾ㹻ʱˣʥҪôֻ´͵ˡ
誼ü飿
һֱʶػأûУ
˵лﻹʲô
ǾͺáζЦЦú¶Ī롣
ЦﻹĹ򣿽չֵææˡ
߳ȥ˻ҷ뿮֮Ĳ硣Է뿮֮誸ϾһжûҽЩҲ˷ħ
ýѵأҪҲף÷뿮֮ǣͷ޸˰
Ĺھ̵ԽԽˣһרעڶóģԭȵɷܶ඼Ѿˣ̨һµ˰˰еĿȻ̼࣬˽ɵ˰ǮȻҲԽˡ뿮֮һ쵽ͦǵõ˵¾ˡ
ûаεİ˷뿮֮
뿮֮ᣬ¶ҪЩ̻Ͼ˰ҪǮġ
ȻʥϽ˵Щ֪ͨûκѵء뿮֮ҲҲ
һ°뱲ӵҰ
ؼʥϻͦеģǱ߳Ц䣬ûһȵù밮˵ġ˵Ĺϣúø̼ǹͨЭʮȫʮķ½޲ģΨ㣬ģúøɡ
뿮֮
үʲô֪Ͳˡ
˾ʥڼǺ
̧°ͣԼӮ̫ˡ
˷뿮֮ĴҲһûŹųҲûŹ
ҳһڶ֮誻عʱоɫࡣ
ڻ£ҲһЩ˳ȻãҲһǵõ֮ųףôҲõ꣬Ĺģ˵ɡǸˣֲǸѵ˸Ĺһ̳֮⣬ûбˣЩǲһ޻µ˶ˡ
ʹˣǱĥĴȴ಻ԡ
ڶһ磬˱һ˵飬̸÷Ĺ
ΪܣͰʥָô༦ëƤС£ʲôĽեͻʲôĽ֪֯Ľʲôʥϲ⣬ǸɴѾ֪˶ٴˣʥÿÿȴҡͷֱԲ⡣
θĽôණһ֪ǸӣԶꡣ
˵һѱһᣬԼùǸôһ룬
ȺУΨһͷˮǶʥ϶ȥˣôʥûȥǣ
Թһ٣֪뵽ʲôŹֵؿźģһ춼ͷ
Ҳ˼ؿźġ
һնڣȷʥûȥ񲿡ĵ
Ǿˡ´źģȻЦЦ²ʥϵݣʥϹ⽫ں棬׼һѰĲ°ɣ
˵һʥСۣǳӣҲǲܡ
ļ˶֧֧˵һ䣺ӦӦòɡ
ô᣿뿮ֵ֮ÿЦǲû˿ʥвмˣɵЩýϻȥͷʥӣǲô׵طŹġ
Ȼ֪ʥϵˣĿǰΣյľˡ
ϾǶѾڹˣȴûУ۵ĥۣĿҪкùӳඡ
Ҳ˵飬ʾ֭Ҳû뵽ԼʥʲôԹҪ˵ƻ飬ҲһƵô͵һˣ
ѵ˵ƻʱ˵ĻȱһЩ
ɳ̳ǸʵˣҲֻοһ䣺ˣʥϲûȥ񲿵ġ
ĹֻôοԼˡ
սսһգȵϻظʱûô˯á
ڶҲĵȥ񲿣ʶûȣ˵ʥ¡
ǵķԺл룬誶ûôأȴûԼųô
Ƚ˹˵ֻֽһ֮󣬺ĳˡ
ˣرس¶ˣһһĴ¡
ҲҪװɣʲôİ˼⡣
Ųʱͷֺήң·Ļ䡣
㶣û¶ɣѲǲˣ


174 ŮУ 
ҪŮҲѧ
, ɡ
ð˱İһӡ飬ֵǰ£һºģ̬ȻúһЩ
, εºϵӰ
ǰةڵʱ, Ҳûڵϸʥ˵ѵǰ棿
ܿ誱㷢֣֮, ķˣһձ
誷˼һ, ôôԼµˣȻˣǾֻһԭˡضǺʲô£
䲻֪ʲô, թһթܹ˵ġʲôԲĿ¶ô׵Ĺȥ
صؿһ, һ䣬ʲôҪ޽ģ
һԣȵúĶҪᵽɤۡѾƶԼ׶༪ˣֻʥ⻰ʲô˼, ýʲôĶ̶̼֮ණ
Ȩ֮, ĶųĬһԲסǲ, ʥ̫ˣﲻ
ſھ˵һԼԩ
üͷֱ, ԩʲôˣ
ļŻں, Ȼں޿϶調, ֻʥ, ƻɲ΢, ΢ֻǸة˵˼仰, ˵Ĳŵʥ˲С˹°ɣ΢Ҳˡ΢ҲǸѣǣͷة顣˵빥֮Ƕûģ׼ʹء
һû뵽Լһթľʲôˡû뵽ųΪԼճɻ飬Ѿħˡ
˷ˣлһ
΢صʥϣ΢޹ģΪ顣
ãﻹһģϻο
º͵ЦЦ˵˵Щжţ޻֪Ϊ뿮֮ܡ
ĶʱԼûҲûгةǣƣʥʲôõأ
誰ˣֿʼ£޲ǲԸףֻǲԸⱻ˱ųףʵһòᣬԸҲὫ¸ˡҲֻ㣬δ߹ˣ뺫󾪾ѵҪһʧ˷ִ磬˵ЩΪѵĻ
ͷǿ϶ġ
һ뵽ԼѾةˣǻ糹׵ꡣʥ强Ҳ˵̬񲻹ʥϵΡ
ǺİõصλΪʥϵĻкζ΢ҲʥϿЩġ
ϵ飡
ĻŭţԼûˣ˼ûһ̽ӣֵ
ҲΪԼĴĬĬƣϻۣ˳ؾ͸ƽʥϵŭ䲻֪ʥϾΪβµȷʵǻΪˣһʥģպøĵʥЧˡ
룬ĺʱһڵģǰʥصĶų뿮֮ҲֵˡɼʥҪǹؼʱܹͬվһǴΪʥϺõ塢ʥԵġһʼ·խˣ׹Ҳ١
ةǣֻǶԲסˡ
˵˵ţյ鶼ˣ誸æѻֳ˻
úһ̡صѧԺѾˣʱգűܼüһáֻжĵطŮȴլУʵЩϧ˼ȥҲŮУµŮҲԶϰּգ󸻹ƶһ֮Ϊ֮ôΣ
ŮУͷһƤ
¶ôôĹûйŮУ˵ĹˣҲû˵ŵĶ
ŮӲڼѧӣȥѧԺʲô飿
һɴѾþƶ˼ҵŮ켷ԴˣŮǴǮڼ˷ûôˣڿŮУֻ¾ͷӶȢϱˡ
ﲻͬողűԼվͬһϣֻίرʾʥ⻰ɸλ
δ
Ȼˣĵ΢ȫ֧ʥϵģֻλ˱زͬ⡣
ȴ޲ǽа⳯Ҳֻͬһˣޣ޻˭
ģĸжԸӣԼô˱ӡ
ʥôҲһʱѰ飬Ȼհǰ˺󣬳ٳٲӦ¡ʥԣֻʥһģǣͷ˭ǣͷ
ľҪʥǰֱ֣֣ʥϣŵù΢±㽻΢ȥ졣
ûôͳˡ
ĿźͦأͬһѼһ˴誻ͬŵϲ˵Լ󣺡ԼЩʲôŽʱȥʱ򣬼ֱס
ŵϲЩһֻɺܹⲻأ
ǵǣֻܸްƯƯ
һ̴󳼣ɾҪˡ
ĵٶȹȻ죬һδ󳯻ʱ誱㿴˽ԣ˵ŮУ֮¡
񲿵Ĳ٣λߣƷ
˵꣬õ˾ҵķԡ
в٣Ȼûһֵ֧ġЩűʲôųЩԲģզվԱ߲֨Ϊǻû誵̬ȡ
誵̬Ⱦû̬ȣ񲿳ͷ¶ͲվҡźˣźĿ϶а취ġ
ճᣬĲδڣֻǰһ˳ۺж˷ԣ񲿶ûһ˳ͷ
ɰţʥϾã԰Ǳһۡ
뾹ʥϳ΢΢ס
һʥϹȻֱεĸоʵˣ㱼䣬ΪԼǰĺˡ
Ϊǰˣ϶ǵġ
֪Լ϶˵ȺˣǱ㽫Ůϡ
Ĺҵ֣ǻʼﻹһλƽ͵òŻĿֹ
ֹùֶȻͬĸҲ׽ƽ͵ĺܡݱϾҪɣͷһҪ˵ľλֹ
˼ҿֹǸʰ֮ĵģô룬ֻ϶»츣Ů죬һᶦ
ֹġܼ򵥣Լݣټ˽λھˣڶձӽ˹
ֹҵĲ誣ݹܺ¡ĵʥ𾴵ĳ̫
ǿֹݵȷһŮһЩ誶ǻֹҲұ֤ԼһԼ
ǳ̫һһ̫Ů죬ͬվһ;̫˽ãг̫æܳһ롣
̫ſֹû룬һôˣûס
Ҫʲô
һھ˽ΪĻ۵ŮУһ¡
һȻ󲨡


175 Ž 
Ҷõù
ֹڳеĿڱһ򲻴, ȴ˵ļɻ䡣
оûж뿪ŮУģɿֹô¹ŮǹҪ볯͢ԣ
Ҳ, ʥ϶ûб̬, һƽŲŲĹҪЩ¶
ڼҰԱԹмŮſֹһ, ٲҪ䣬ﻰⲻһ˼Ȱٲ顣
ʥ϶û˵Կ, ǸϹʲô
ʥҲû˵ܿٸ˵Щֻ֪ŮУ֮Ůܶ·άӵȨ, ĹŮǵ
ͬۻھͷĲٸۡͷ
ڷ˫˭Ҳ˵˭ֻܲɢڼ
ֹȻѾӦ, 㲻Էһʼ빬ʱ̫£ûͬȰȻȥɿֹѾ, ҪŮУ, Ůѧ
ִ̫, 㾿ͼʲô
ֹ棬ֻЦһЦͼʲô, ѾûʲôȤ, ̸ʲô׷, ֻǰʱȻŮУһ, ֶ˼ҼһŮ, С, С治֪£ֻᱧԹϰʦϿұ뵽ͷжռҵŮѧҲǲܵĵġǵͣ廨֯Ϊӽ֮ӣĸֱѾǵһˡһΪ˶ֵ𣿡
̫ɵգûпǹЩ
ֹһ̾ҲǶ֮ģ֪ΪΣͶ˼ңֻԹηࡢûᶼûˣֻôСȴҪôΣһӻΨΨŵŵС΢˭ֹ涨Ůֻܻһӣ
̫ˡ
ֹס֣Ҵʥ϶ͬġʥϲǳЩŲ̣ǷɴʥŪģ˴ŮУһʵʯ쾪ʥϵĸԣû׼ܳɣ̫ͰҰɡ
̫һȰһȰվĳ
˵ҲʯĳˣܰЩңҲԮ֡
ֻǣ̫˵ǰͷȥȰȰʥϣܲܳҲұ֤Ҳ֪ͷЩж̡
Щ˵лҲЩ졣
̫֪ż£ȥ誡⹬ҲֻһӣϧֲϲŮ򽻵﹬ûһŮЩ鷳̫һȻʴãʥТ˳Ҳ
Ҳǿֹæɡ
ֹ֪̫֮˵ʲôѾһˡҲþôӦ
һӦͷЩǱضԣǵҲ鵱ѱвճס誶е㺦£Ըǰʾһ
ܰµŮӣȻģֻƼаٹٶǲͬ⣬ʱֻ»еĥв޵һã¶ܲܳɻÿֹ
̫˾һ㣬誵˼
ȥֹ֮
ʥ޳ģһùʮ졣ɺ޵ĻЩԵĳ¹öģʥϲ֣빫Ĵȥͱʲô¨ӣʥҲģʥһʴȡ
⡭ֹüͷһƺˡ
ȥҲã⡣
Ҫֹ֪ɲһˣΪף䲻ôŵгоۻᣬͷõĹٷ˲
ǺֹͽԼáһٷ˸˹Ǳһ׻׻룬׸ıԭ뷨
һ˲䣬ǸоԼޱȵ뾭ѵ
ȻѵĻں档
ŮŽҪӸǿӲ뿮֮еķ˱֮һ
뿮֮ʵǱŪˣҷ˵֪ŮУ֮󣬶ûʲôɫ˽鶼˹ͷȥ£ȴ˲ݡ
뿮֮ԩҺ˲ݵˣ
㲻޳ɽŮУеˣ
ϱûŮУͻ
˷༥ҪԭȻûпƾôҲˣŮ˵ʲôأƾʲôӿԶ飬ŮӾͲܣѵȱ˲˲ɣ
뿮֮ͷʹѣȫǺЩ˶飿ʲôϵ
ҲŮӣ͸йϵſֹĽԽԼʹޣɷͨҽձѻ⣬óŮУҷԣȻͱ̤Ű벽˵ĵĳҿš
˵꣬š
뿮ֻ֮أԼ⣬жˡ
һ֣һֻĲӬ
ùӶ۸
ֵüȮֻΪ˽һŮУ¶׵ʱ鷿ܹ˲ĳ档
뿮֮Ҳڷ˼֪պαصأŮУһղһӣ֪ͬˣҲûʲôϵ
˷뿮֮ŵȶ˲̶ͬȵĥ̶̼칦򣬼˶֪꣬ʹ졣
ЩƽﱻصŮ죬Ҳ͢ķ꣬ǼȻ֧˵ŮУȻҲԽԽЧ¡
˵Ѿɹһ룬ʣµһ룬ý͢
ֹһգ󳯻񲿾ᡣ
뿮֮Ա߼λ˻࿴һۣȹš
طԵ˿ûôˣҪ˳ƽȻֵһûɻҲģ֮˵ҪŮУ
ĬĬֳֳĻҪȴòӣ˵ݺ顣
˳֮誱ȥ߿ֹԶˡ
⣬誻⽻һֻҪʹȥɣ뿴ֶֹء


176  
ֵ
ʷ̨ķʷ, ƽ˾͹Ű壬һȥҲʲôˣֻҪΥΪǵĵ, ݵؼ, һִҪ
ʷвû˭뿵ֹã֪ΪʲôһʼԵ׷ֻ, 鲻Ϲأֻѧ, ŮӶö֮ȥѧԺǲҲҪö֮Ĳ£
˾ҪãȻϹ, Ǿ͵÷Եס
ʷĻ˵˵ȥҲһףʲôŮ޲űǵ£ʲôΪŮӾ͸ôڼѧϰ߻ơ, ȥŮУЩŮŮӽ̵ĶҰˣܰȣ
ʷڳйȻԣڼҲǶһʹ
СŮݲ, ̲ס˵һŮУʵҲ, ͱʷ֮󲻵òȥù˴ҹ
ҹɷ˯֮ȥÿŮ
Щ겻, ҲȤζľ¼֮ڸĵŮ, ʵںٴ, Ҳֻܸ, Ҫײס
ֻȴЩ, , Ϊ˵ãǽŮУ, ֲʲô£֮˷ԣ޷ǽԼ
üô˵㸸ף
˵Ĳˣóļޣظ£ҲΪԼΪ˳ҷ𣿿ƾʲô㲻ܸļޣ涨ŮӲܸļޣƾʲôҲܶ飬ǰʵʵڸУ廨ʲôҲãҲ֣ҲʫҲˣ
ֱߣȴսľ
֪ɷƢԣⷬɷ֪ˣСŮͳˣǳһ䣺Щٲ˵ˣı㸸׸ϳȥ
Цϳȥ͸ϳ̫ƽȱŮӵĻнţǳȥҲòŹң
˱ֵüͷֺ£Ů汻ϳȥֻܰӣǿ졣
˵ֹԴǶ׼֮󣬱ŷſȭ¡ҲȥһʷƽԽԽջʵڤ粻顢ŲӶˣνĸٳε˲˹˵ﻹһŮˣǷʷѹŲôŮٸļޣżҶʶϱļ޶С
˺޵ɣѿֹð
˵ÿϵģϵģͰˡŮļ޶Ҫŵˣֲò޳˽ŮУ
ֹԼϢǶ˵һ飬λ֮¶һߵģΧһͷŶһ飬ôһһϬ
Χź˼ֱ۽磬ԼҲ񾲣˽һͣҲ˱ʱǻ˵һѪǷʷ˻õ
Ҳʱʱע¶ĽչֹܹôҲںʹȻʷҹɭϣ֪ôأ
ڵſȺŮǻôԱߵŵϲʥһƺԷʷһ涼˵ִˣʷֻҲմڳˡ
Ҳá誶˲ôͬ飬Щ񣬡㿴Ϊ˸ԴŮй飿ǴŮѾ޹һˣǸıزٱѾ꣬żҶû˵ʲô׵ȴŮǲ˸ļޣʵڿɶôţǸСŮҲûʲôӹ
˼ֱǶǽſֹղɡ
ŵϲȴпԼʥʵ̫ṲˣǻߡԹҹ飬ɾʥṲӣôͷҲʺأ
ҲǷѽ⡣
һͷֹһȺѾ˶Բߡ
Ȼʷڵĸٳʥ˽̻壬Ǿٰǵİ䲻ڵ°ɣ
ǲգٰǵĸͷ˷ʷҵ¼żҶѾͬŮڼޣһһ;Ů޲űǵµѹżСŮ;ĵѹ檣ǼʮδҰ벽
ǰֹһֱͷƤ顢ϸ˼֡˴ûٰھˣֲǴûҷˡΣôŲŲǵϢżء
˿ֲ´󣬰²ⷽҷǲѾˣ
粻ˡôô겻ӰʷɥĲӣҲʲôܵġ
ӦðɣôҲǳ͢١
ôӦãûôŮģѪԵĺݣûѪԵĻÿø
û뵽˵òȻ
һʱйطҵϡ
ڷʷԽŮУһ£ҲἰΪʷʵǲ̫ãԵ飬˷ûôų⡣
ֹȴ˵ŮУĺá̽誵Ŀţ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ضŮУѧԺûʲôѧĺˣֱӽɴҲǲܹ
ɴٰǵİն֪ͷĴʮֲܽȥĶֽ˼ϸĹٹΪɴĻżýŸȶˡǽŮУԽɴ棬ǻûʲôԵɡ
͢¾ûֻҪų͢һ׼ûˡ
ʷٳٶ۶ѾȥˣҲϢˡЩ£ֻ־ŭԼҵϢѾֵ˾֪ŭЩ˾˶ⴧ
Ǳ˴˭ڱҽҪͷ
ȻʷجβֻǸո˸ͷͷķңĳҲԽԽ죬ʷŶñŵ±Ƽˡ
Сûְܶʱñ˸
ȳζ˱ǶʷЩ࣬һֱӵε
д󳼿˸ЦȷʷٴλʱӭĻͬŻ򰵵ĴԼõл
Ҫ֪ƽͬЩͬദҲ죬ʷΪǲ侮ʯ˭֪Ȼ߹ǡ
Щ󳼱оҪɶ
иͬ˹̬ưرʾ
Ƿʷ͸ڼˡĴ£ʷİվʵڽ
ʱһͬż˹ʼȷʷƽģˣԭ˽ҲŮ¶ó
ҡҡͷҿ
ɼ㲻¶ˣµһλĳɺء
㣬ǡʷŭˡ
ŭӵ˱ʾʹ
ʷһѪûôһŭ֮£ʷԼٲԸǹһҡ
˭֪磬ŵϲӹй誵ĿͣʥŷʷԸʷ̨ϻ󣬲֪˿ˣ


177 ǹ 
򳹵׶˹Ρ
ʷ
Ա֮ǰһֱ, ûϵ򣬴㵵ؿŵϲ
λʥϸǰһλĻʥϵĻ, ʥ÷ʷϻ, ȻǴ˵ġֻǡ˼ҷʷŲʮ࣬ȻȷˣҲûеϻĳ̶Ȱɣ
ʷҲİ, Ųӵٴδ˵Ҫϻ磬ʥϿˣ
ŵϲЦݲ䣺û˵, Լлû𣿽磬˲˵˲ԸλͬΪ٣⻰ûþʹʥ϶Уʥŷ˵ȷѸ, ϼлô˻ֱȥ, ȰѼ˵νιƽ£ҶβãΪʥϷأ
ʷҪ⣬ŵϲֻǴ, ֦, Ļʥּ, 뷽˲ҪΪūţջһλ, ھҲ, عҲ, ʥ϶, Ա㡣ֻϣʱʱʡ, ɼڴ, ĪֳЦ
ŵϲ˵꣬λ󳼵˵ͷųȥΨֵֻ̿ķʷ
ֱŵϲûӰ֮󣬷ʷγѣŻŵس˳ȥ
Ȼûſڱ㱻ˡ
˿ģΪˣɷʷ˵ĻȴڳҪȥʥϣؽʥջس
˿żȰ㿴Ź̬Ҳ֪ʥǾԲġִֻ¾ͲǸϻôˣɲҪһٶط
Ȼ˶ԷʷǲмϾʷ̨ˣڹͷɨأʷ̨Ҳ̧ͷһپ٣һĵö˵ǲŷѾţû÷ʷֳһ
ʷҲ
ûб¶ˣĪЩԷĪֽЩͬżĪĶ˹٣ԩûߣпû˵
֪м便Ϊʲô
˴ùķʷػ˼ңϹ࣬ûһ˸
ֻзЦһϰˣϾø״Ҳѧ֮ϲڼʹ磬ı㶯ҲһϳԷʱҲûһ徻ϵ¶һٳҲ֪Ƣ
ݼҲø蹷ƽϣֻ۱ͷҲ̧ĸףŵαĸҲûʲô
˲ҳȴǳ˷һ䣺Сô˵ģһ죬Ͳף㻹ûʲôģ
Цˣʲôģֱǵһҡ
Ӷ˶ԣֻñѾûһˣӵóȥ޲ֱߣȥ浱Ҳ⸮ϵػڣ
ƽʱʷȻ·ݵɣղͬʷǹűȴǹٵ£飬һʱû˵Ͻѵֻˤ˿֮󣬱ȥ鷿뷨ˡ
ûȵʷʲôӣȵڶһȥӵ˱ŷʷͷһй񽻳ˡ
ʷŭҪȴûһ˴
ԼϷ壬ȴԷҲĬĬŲߣ
жౡʷ֪
ҲǱƵû취ֻһû˵ʱȲѹԼϷ塣
ϷҲûΪѣ˼Ѿ鵽ݶˣֻȥ͸ܲʥټ
ҲȷȥǶˣֻ課ϲʷûм˼ûУȻѾǹˡ¶ᣬֻǴûйˡ
ŵϲѵǷڻԼ޹Ϊǹ١
֪Ķˡ誳һ䣬ϸܻķڷû׼һǹ֮󻹻ܻʵ۵
ɲС
誽뿮֮
˵¶Ҫ뿮֮óˡ
뿮֮н˹ֱĲ£ǿЦáʥϽģֲòǳŷʷʧǵ뿪ʷ̨󣬷뿮֮ͷ
ʷͬ˾;ǣֿʼԼʥϸǰֱ䣬ΪȡһԵĻҲãʵǾԼԩ
뿮֮˳죬ʥû˵ȷʵ޲ɼӵģ֪ġ
ʷԾִ֣ҴǶˣôһΪ͢£ҵҵδʧְ
뿮̧֮Ƥʲô¶ˣ
ʷ࣬˵ûйҲп͡
뿮֮ˣ⻰˵ģǴϵҹҲйͣ˼Ϊٰǵǣٰǻ֪ʲô;ɷ۷ʷһʷ̨ްֲסЩʷ̨û±ɣһڳã֮£ų͢ٺ»ȴʬλزͣ˵涼ί档
ʷޣ뿮֮ȴһָ޲ܣһ;ΪƵóŮλüˣѹӼ겻óŰ벽ֽһ۸ڶӣΪȣΪƣǵڶǵȺͿ£ǵ÷۷׷ףŰնų͢˱ţһ֮ڳ͢׮£һ׮ԩ㣿
ʷƿԡ
뿮֮ÿ仰ĵΣϾʷǰûЩ
뿮֮ʧǵģûаͬ飺һ֪ȥԴ˰ɡĹսҲսŲ뷨ȥˣԸ£α԰ڣЦ
뿮֮Ծڴˡ
˵Ҫ֮һߣһۣ뿪ˡ
ʷһ·ȴڻŷ뿮֮ĻԽԽúڡڵĲ˴¡ëǱë±
ⱾӶûܹίȫˡ
һҪصģܷʷܲԸ԰ԼˣǸܹҪġճŷʷŹٷ֮ȴٷжˣʷֻ̨һ»ȥˡ
˼ˣ￩һ£֪ǳ¶ˡ
ʷܲףòŽԼǹ١ºг
ݺݺݵؾһġ
ƽֻðʱһ˹նҪ
Ҳ֪Ȼһ̶ˮһ㡣
ηֹаλھ˹ڹ⣬ΪŮŮУһ¡
ʥƣѾͬˡ
ȻôϢݵ˲
ŮУűҲ֪ʱܽǽɣʱȥ
һ뵽ԼΪ˷ŮУôˣݱ㲻ȷˣʸȥ


178  
򲻱ؾլ
ŮУǽ, һ±ܽɡ
õǻʼҵıԺԸһϴ, ŮУء
ǱԺĽ, ط϶ûԺǰʣֻǿ˸ͷɵĻ, һʼ㾡ƾ
ŮУԺԭųǱԺ֣ӶĵطԺ, ŮУܸûһ֣Ūˡ誾޷Ƕѧյĵط, ҪֵôѲԺͳӵר, ŮӾ䲻ˣ誻ƫҪҡ
ˣ֮дŸ˾ͽ̴ҫԼٰͷһŮУ, Ӵ֮, ŮҲѧԺͷˡ
ȥ̴ʱ, ̴԰ա
ҲǸŮӣҲŮ, иŮ, ôƫƫû뵽ҪһŮУһ˶뵽, ȴû뵽, Ӷˣѧ, ᲻ʰۣ
ᴷͷ, ֳûԼʥ˵˼ûʥдŸҲ⽫ŮУһ·ֻٰǵŮܹѧԺ飬δ̫гһµŮӣһ㣬ʫǲʥ֮ԸʥҲһͬͨŽ
ͨĸ֣Ա߹Ůô̶
˭֪ĹǱʲô㣬뷨ǿװ׵˵α̽
ϧ⻰Ҳˣ̴ȴûᡣֻǳжķ̹ϵС֮ĶȾ֮ˣŮУͷҲΪŮӣܲ¶誡
޵塣
̴һ䣬øűѧҲʲô˵¶
̴ܿͽŮУ˾ͽǱȴûжֻǾ誵Ӷ࣬ڣҪ˵ڿ⸮ͷһԺһģһŮУ˾ͽû
һĹ鲻ͬڵԶҪĹö࣬ĸӣ;ĴŮӽ̻ϣھϣĿ֧ܴһʶ˾ٽŮУҲ٣Ǿãܹ˼
ţĹŮУһ£ҲѸܱˡ
Ҳ˿䣬ִӹδй飬Ҫĵʱ˵ķ顣û˵ˣʵٰͷҲвĬĬԡ
ֻʥӦ¿ֹ֮ǰԵķʷ³öԡ
Īڵոſֹһķˡ
뵽ʱľɡڴǰֻլɱǵһΣ˽Ŀ˸֮ۡĵط˻ʹ˸߸ϵʥϸǰ
յüӣʥ϶ǵ˷еᵽԭҲǿԸһʥʶΪ𢽨
ȥѾȥһˣλԾ⡣һ¼䣬ڼв֪ж⣬ǰɷԼʱǻЩжٻЩмܾҲС
뿮֮ͱԼҷ˸ŪÿҪﲻסˣһ䣺ǣʲôУôôɴȥԺӣʥϽ̳һ
˺Ȼʧ
뿮֮ΪηˣƳƳû°ɣ
ǰôû뵽أһӣվԺµµΪȥԺͷˡұŵڣЩأֺҾ͸ȥԺ
õ⣬ֻһ֪øϽ߿ֹ
ʥ϶ѾӦ˽ŮУû׼ҲӦǵӣ
˴æţֻʣĿɿڴķ뿮֮
뿮֮ãӦ䲻Լӣ찡ôô
ˡ
ַ˸ֹһϼƣ̫ݻˡ
˵֮ͬˣԺվӵԺһʫǵֻռһ֣ǽڸ֮ġ
˸ֹ뵱ӣԣֻ񲿵ĿԱְְ֮鳯͢ܣΪ͢¶Ǹѧˡ
ΪѧٵͷʮλܻȥڼӸϰȻеŮֻ࣬аλѡеİλȻǻϲأ˸ϲԽڼҰʮϯԻԼˡ
ֹ󣬷üɫسŷ뿮֮ұѧԺͷķˣҲͬˣٹЩݺݺࡣԼɵСţԸȥİɣң
뿮֮˶ľˣѲΪ˵ӣҶҪˣ
һңֻǶЩСšҪܼңѰܼˣĶܽýǰҴװ׵ഺЩëƤС¶סҡ
뿮ֻ֮˶Ҫˡ
ޱȺڣʱô˵ôһ仰

˵꣬ȴľôںԺܵίɢˡ
ıϾ˻˰
Ϊ˲ģֹ㰲οǣĽ飬ٵ޷ҿԺֻǸʼиŮԺֻҪģܳɹġҲĪҪĿլԺˣҲڳ߹һأ´ЩܵøԺŮʡ
ֹĻ˵ʵϣҲ˵Ŀȥˡйĳɾͣ˭ںԺΪһǵԴףǲӣΪβдһɾ
Ժķ֮󣬱ˡ
誶˹أƶ˼ҵŮѧó¸ҡ̻ټŮӺϼһ飬ҲֻռС
ⲻΪ˱ˣֻΪ˹ƽлл˼ҶеǮҲȱдֵĻᣬ˼ҵĺӾͲһǵĳ·٣٣ԺΪǶģȻί
ҲҪԵģʶдֲص㣬صڿǵƷС
ݴԺϢ˼һգվ˾֮ǰ̽ʹĸ׺ͽ㣬ֻǶ˽ľη̬䣬ԸڸСǶԼɷ־壬ֲҷֺ·ʷѾʷϲˣǻǲҡ
ȰǣΨԼ͸¶̫࣬ĸ׸浽Ƕֻա
ڣӷŷӳˡûע⵽Ҳûһݳߵ˳˳
в۽Σһԡ


179 ѧ 
򻹵Ҫиʺ
ҹȥֹ
ʶ·, һ·ʹġҲʶֻ֣ϡиϤ²ԼûҴط
빫һ, ʱѽɫѾˡ³Ѳߵ˾μ, ץݱѰһط͵͵Լ
ûиߴһŵطû, ݾһҹմӼӳڵˮδմ, 񻹿ţּ溦¿ֹΪƲԸȥԺ, ʶһϼȾ£ûа˯
һҹ, ڶɫ΢ʱԺб֨ѽһ
ɫЩء
ݶȻѣ̧ͷʱ㿴Ѿ, һȺ˴ӵһŻĹ˳ˡ
˵Ҳ֪, ⶨȻǿֹ
ƴһɾȥ
ֻû, ͱסˡֻ˵ע⣬ʧ, ֮ʵʵ
ֹüͷļҵĹ
ôıŴţĪʲôԩ
æ˵صµĻ, Ůշ, һ֡
ݡֹһ˼, 뵽ϤĸоӺζ, ԭλʷ
ݴףǡ
¿ֹ˶ϲ, ߡ
ԭǷǸСֹ֪ݵĳ֮ȴûи˵˼̬ȺͰʵڴ˵Ⱥ򣬿ʲôҪ£
ϽֻŵԺԺݼ䲻ţȴҲŮһǿ
¿ֹˣǶѵһû飿
ЩԱҡҡͷ
ŮٶҲȻҲ飬ֳȻҪѧϰ߻ʱֳѾؾͿˡ
Ů䲻ʶ֣ȴһѧ빫³ȫݿһͷ
ֹæ˷𣬼ɫЩϣϵҲЩ֪ŮѰǲסһϣжȻö˵ˡ
ֹصʵڴģԹʥֱӰ㸸׵Ĺ٣ҶβãλΪʥϷǣֻǿ⺢ӣô˾û顣
е㲻ԼģĽ̫ˣ
ֹǷŮΪ˵÷ƽһξƽʱڼĸףʱҲƢ̫ڸв֪
п˵һѪԵϵˣȻɼǰΨΨŵŵжס
֪ԼˣæģŮȻûж飬ȴһֱֻ֣ܸᣬŮȥԺ顣ܽԺŮԸţڵҡ
ֹЦãѾ֣ʲô
ݺȻЩ޴룬Ŀǰľʵ벻˵ţ֮õİ취ˡ
ֹľʧ뿴Уһ̾ͣСŮƣǼСŮһźСȴѾܱɫˡĲ̣ԵԺںҲںѧֻϲԵýձɸѡӣȥ԰ɡ
ֻ춼
ſֹȥԺȥ֪֮ԭôҶҪѧ
ݱȱ˸Щԭټңʷ˹٣Ҳû˵ٶˣôĹټСȴʶֵֻ֣ܷѰŮһѡˡ
ѡҲ򵥣ÿ˱нȥЩ⣬¼£Щ˷ֹ
ڸЩʶֵĹ˵Ҫһ飬ǿҪѶˡ
ݺϧλᣬ±ֵĻٷˣҲˡҲÿ˶һԣЩλûʼѾۣȻȡԺʸ
ֻѡһ
С
ȻѡˣȻԺͷһ֮˵ԺͷһԺʽʱͷĴҲμӡ
һһգδֹֿȿĿԽԽͬ顣
ֻǰڷݴûעЩԿֹҪڶˣŵȵʽ֮˵ɣ⺢Լ˼룬ǿɾͲˡ
պҲӹ˳
ԺɣԺеŮѧǴӴˣ˸ѡƿֹ˵ҲҵԼ׷ôһǷѲˡ
誴ĵطǸأȻЩȣȴܵסҪҰãܹ棬۹ķ
̨ϿֹٴظˡҵϤˡ
ɨһ̨£誷һ˻һףЩӯ
Ȼð
վԭãֹֿ˵ĺǲŮУԶֹڴˡ·лڹЩŮҲǲģиǰᡪʺС
ЩŮٹ˭ܣ̫̫ûǹܵĻų뿮ֲ֪֮Ҫ˼뵽ʲôزˡ


180 ί 
µһ
誽, ˳̫Ҳһˡ
ЩԿֹ˵̫ףǶԳ̫ȴûҪڣ̫, ŵùġ誱̹ϵ
Ժ黹̫Ϸ, ٿֹ˵Ƚʡǰǣ̫࣬޲ױֵöԴ·ֹĵӣȴҲĲ, Ժ֮߱˹ڦֳЩЦ̫, ̬ȰڳЩҲõ
̫⻰һЦһ˵Щ¶ʥϽ, ԻᾡġҲһˣ¶, »ܲС
˻ʺ󣬹Щ˳ˡ
誷Ҳ뵽һȻģǰЩ˵ĹԱ, ȴֲø, ˵֮ʲô˼, ֻܵ˵ɡ
̫߻Ĵ޼ա
΢΢ҡͷĿ䵽ֹϡ뿵ֹʶмʮ, ȵƴ, ֹ޵úùҲ, ƽﲢûʲô, Щ, ͽ, Ҳʼò¶ˣ»⼸̫ͷһڿֹϿʱķɣǹɲƴλشǰ
˿ֹҲһľȣ⣬·һ㡣ʥϵԺ߲ã̫ȴȻã־Բ֮׵Ժ
Ҳֻǿһݣδ¶棬ȥ֮ԺЩô˵泯͢¶ģԺ˱ֲܣòҲ񻰡
뿮֮˵誵Ĵ㣬ζһ䣺ο໨ǸǮǾǮûǻգ
бԹ˭
뿮֮ʶףϵĲ˼䣺ǳҪЩʵ΢ǷԽˡ˵ǽ񶪿ֲ֣ˣһһͶԺǰЩ΢˵ЩĸԸЩŮѧǸƻʳǿɶǴ强ͷͳģ˵ĿСȴһ㶼ûۣɼеǮѾеûˡ
䣬ֱ˵ҧгݡ
ƺˡ
˻Ǯŵļ״ﲻʹˡʲô˰˼һֲǷҵǮԼļױǮ뿮֮ɷģСˡҪӣŲԤӵǮĶȥˡ
뿮֮Թ꣬ʼ̽ʥϣԺһֱȥͲܡˣ
ˣʧǡΪԼԱȼӵķ˵ԩǮȥ
䵭ʲôأѾ˿ɲһֱȥ
뿮֮ˣƺܿԼҵǮѾ˳Զȥˡ
課ܷ뿮֮ˮð̧ԺĻģ́ߡ
գԺһֱڷϣ۶ǺõģΪĳ̫նҪټԺͷѯһ֪̫̬ȡ
¶λţʥּг̫Ժ򣬻ûж˸ҵԺá
ּ添˴ԣ˵ǳ̫׼ЩŮ٣ЩŮپʹԺͷѡһŮ٣ҲƷףҲΪ͢ˡ
⴫ͻȻƺǿѨûԴǿ̫ļƣ־¶δزܡ
ˣɵûһ㣬ܲüͽԺͷˡ
ٶֺ¶˭ϡ
գֹݣѯԺͷסΡ
ûһǲõġ
̶̼չб˼ɡû˹ڼӣڻ¹ټҵĹﻹ˼ҪҪ˼ҳ˵Щʱȴ͸ˡ
ãƽﻹһЩԵơ
ֹ꣬δԣֻĿ⸴ӵؿۣҲ
ݱ˵ͷϣżȻƳ֮󣬱㽥ʧʣ£Ҽʲô¶
ֹһ£Ǻгǰ˻ȥ˵ΪԺ黹û£ǵ֪ڴ֮ǿнȥ㶼ѾѧҲںЩˣҲҸ͢ԣǰȥֻǹȥ֮󷽲֪ǰѾˡ
һ棬ˣ
ֹͷ
ݱһᣬ⡣ǰЩȷʵ˵׼磬񾩳ûˣ漮漮Ƕ࣬ȥ֮ӷȾڡ
֪ǶҪߣ֪ѾˣϾǲͬġ
ŵԼҳߵԵɣҲпοĸ׵ĳ㲻Ϊģúöʶ֡ѧϰ죬˵ǶԼ磬ﻹζӳ¡
룬ԭԼڼﻹһп޵ˡ
ֹο˵ĸ׸Ѱգ㸸׷ʰһ٣Ҳˡνһھǣﲻܡ
ʵЩ鿵ֹö˵ŵʱ򣬷һʣһСˣСȷݵģûȵᣬȵ˿ֹˡС˵Ļɲ˵ǼүǶСֱӸѾҳˣǼү͵ûТŮʲô˽ӳǻҲɾˡ֮ЩĻ
Щ¶ֹֻ̫̣ȥ
͸¶ЩѾ÷ݲˡݺγ֪ĸ׺ͽѴأֻǣЩίˡ
úӣֹס֣㲻ίԺļҡ
л¡仰Īİο÷Ĳж¡
ǰѾǱӣһеķˣԺŮѧݡ
ײ˵Ů޲űǵƫҪ


181 ֽ 
㿪·
Ժ誽ļƽ, ɲֻҪھǽһŮԺҪŮԺĹЩ鲢һͣ׿֧֮, ҪǷܹܡ
ʵЩ˭˵, ܲȥδˡûʵĵ˵ٶ࣬ҲûбȽҵɴġ
ɴڸѾ½˷ֳ໨ɳ, Ҳʮǰ߹黧, ߹в˾ܡɴһɶŮ԰յԲ˵;պ½໨ɳ誾ҲŮ, ֮Ժѧĳ·Ǳزٵġ
Ůӽҵֱ֮ӽ׬Ǯ, ͳһ㣬Ͳвѧ
֮⣬ơ
˵µͷ, Ĺŵ˱ߵɵ, ס, ںϱüޣҲϱšһ, Ȼá
, Ҫ͢
誸ԺȻھͷúҵ, ͷϾ֪, պ˵˿ҲЩ顣и뷨, ̻ա
ıʾԸꡣ
⳯ۡ͢ʹ͸, µĹ˽⳯зⱾǲģСЩԴһĹеİշۣһһݿʱףҲɵЩ£ΣԼöһ棬úú˵һ˵ԺҪϱصİն֪ŮԺĺ
ðû֪ۡνıδţĪʥԴ
ܰɣδܳΪ͢еһ
˵誵˼·ʣⱨ·ͨ𣿡
誵ͷ⣬ҲԹӶæۣһڣҲˡд뷨ֱŹĻӡˢѾòˣԽô²ٳ١ȥһۣȷʵãӡˢģӡˢŲ̫¶
ô˵ܸоûô򵥡
гɣһ鷳תһ룬ʥ϶ѾˣӦ̫ˣϻԺģرҲԥؽǣʥϻ᲻Բÿ֮࣬رˣҪ֪ͷз뿮֮Żأ˼ҿɱԼʥϵĽ
ڼɵˣӦˣԼջȥ֮úôһͷһжöˣ誻㱨
誾Ϳܸ¶ӣԼĿ佱аڣ޴Էһģ޾͵񲿴ˡ
ıƮƮȻκس˹
ǻǾ仰ǰʥ׽ʱҲֻ䣬ȴգ˵ʥ
Ϊ誹ϵһĺģȥ֮ʳоЩνıӱֱѡĿܡ۵⣬оʮ͸
תһȦϵʵ̫ࡣ
Դӿƶȸ֮ͷµ˻ѾˢȥˣǱǱ죬û˼һڵҲȴǰ١ֻ񲿴ǰЩȻǹģⱨһŲУʵŲ̫ˣĵطҲȱ֡
誽飬һ౨ţ֮£רŸ˱һӦ£˳ҪıҪ£ƩԺһ£ֱűʣ¿뾩ǸԺķѧ֣ѡٸһʷѡ
գԺĹĿ࿴
ǰ˷뿮֮ĻΪǸŰӣԴ飬Űˣ
課ͬ˺ĵĴ㣬ıߣƩڵһ汨ͷרһԼһ£дͶ;עʷһ¡淢ȥˣ課ûͶ塣
ͷ˲ӶǣдĺõҲڣĻᣬЩвѧȻƶϡҲϸ۲죬дúã͢Ҳδɡ
˵ǵһ棬һҪ㹻ŮУŪһģ
誵С̴£⡶֪б¸±ھðͷˡ
ͷÿ˲䲻һƣȴ϶˸ֵġ顱ִֿ󣬻ûҳ֡һ֪Ū
˵ŪģǮˣҪûȥĦĦȥ֮ϸһƣ˵ģͷʢԺжԺ޲ڣԺɽֹŮӢŮӶҪԴ˰ǿﻥ
л̸λƶ൫һѧŮһ׬˺ôһᡣ
˿գͷһʵԺ治
ƪҲֻеͷ棬һģ˵һаڵʮ־ʣղܡ
ǰдԺ£һο̻£еĶȳһʫҪɶˡԼʫûж򣬵űˣȴһһࡣ
һűϾֻôֽпʱ򣬴ĩβ˶˱ݡ
ȴһЩֵģʣµ˲Ӳſ֮Ĳɵһͷ
Ҫԣ
պ󣬺ĺȻϢ˵౨˾ҪٽЩ֡
ϹģЩ죺һ治Ѿ𣬻ʲôҪ˵ĵط
شˣʵӵĸ̫ˣλҹ˶꣬Щ֣Խȼü֮
Щţż죿ͶĸӾôˣ
УԹȥ


182 Ͷ 
ֹҲҪ챨ֽ
ĸϵ౨˾, ֻĸ壬ĸѡӵæͷת򣬻Ȼ֪ͷ˽
ǺĿһ, żγѡ
ԭȻ, ¿Ӷĸ壬Ųòȱˣôĸӣɶ⼸յģ
쳤Ϊ౨˾ĳ٣غĵǰյҲһЩ, ûô࣬ͷһ½յġǱ϶Ѿд, ձǽֹڣǶʱĹģÿӴ, Ȼ¶װˡ
쳤ʱ˾ˣҲƼ, ҪʱֻǲܹˣٶЩ֡
ĳá
ˣǳ, ԴԺͷ, ʥҲһᶦ֧֡˵Ƿ, ұʥ飬ܴܲԺǱ߽Щֹʱһá
ʱֻÿ¶Ҫõء쳤Ҫ˳þõش
ĵȶһʱ֮, 顣
˵, ŲַԽĸ, һʱʣյĸӿʲôõģ
õĶ, , ౨˾˸ĽŲĸ, ߵϷģұߵǱġ
˭֪˵꣬뿮֮ɫͿ˭ֿŵģǴʥ϶ñͱҪˡ
ȻԺţϸһĥ˹¹ٺͿл㡣
˵ţ϶һЩ¡
ǰ챨ֽһΪҲΪϱص˰ջ๵ͨٽϱ֮⡣ȴϷĸ뱱ĸӷֿѡ֪ĻΪԴءֲð˺ⰤÿɲԹ
ļ֪Ҳû׷Ųţѡһøƪһȥˡ
Ŷð£Ҫˣܵýǵĳɼڳ
⼸ƪϵȼĵʮ㡣
調֮󣬹Ȼֶ˲١дģּĶܿǲ
ڽһ£Ҳʲôƶȸ֮ȷʵˢȥһµˣ£ֻ˿á
誵Ժ뿮֮ǰȥԺӣǿ˹˱ȥ౨˾ʵϰ£ͨ˱ʽΡ
ҲƸ¼ˣû취˭͢ȱأ֮ǰЩеľҲ಻áȻҲѧͷѡ
౨˾ϾֻǸСط¼üˣӰƾ١
誵ķԸڶպı˸߲ҵشϴķ뿮֮ǰȥѡ֡
˶ǧ޳ɾ˼׼һƲȥ֪ԷмＸʵ֪֪ˡ
ʱѾ˸ţΪⶣˣԵùƽּһ˵ĻڣЩ˵һ⡣
һѡеĻԭȶµЩʵϵģʲôʱҲӱ
˵ãݹ࣬ʱҲûʲôͣѡϵĲ̫ںںԼܲɼ౨˾һݴδйĻˣʥϵۡ
֮ʣͺðˡ
칦һ汨ŰѾˡڶ³壬׼ʱۡ
αȵһεļ˼棬ԶࡣںĲǰ汾ı仯ԼûѡС
Ȼôѡĸѡţÿ˶ԸԳ
ұѡеĿνϲ񣬸治ǵ£ǵļעȥ֮ǿһˡ¿ô࣬ʮ˶֪˭˭˭±͢¼ˡ
ʷҲǾվ͵ϣνǸ棬۲ĽԽͶˡ
ûеҲ˿٣ûл´أֻҪǼ֣еһգȿƾٲ򵥶ˣ
˷֣治཭д£бд£ķвͬǷͬһűȴԵ÷г
һ£ϷˣҲˡ
͢Ȼһˮƽġ
ҲΪˣȵڶ淢йͶǿң౨˾Ҳæ
ֹʢҲЩ˼
Ҳʥģûнųֱ̫誡
ΪҲǱһ£񲿵ı˵Ĵ֮£µһᵽԺҲᵽˡԺȱŮΪǾͲһݶеıֽأ
дµУ챨ǮУǶˣͽСüǿڱֽʱף㼴ԸǱߵıֽ̨Ů켰ʱǰˣ֪츣ˣ
¾㱸ֻǷʥϵӦˡ
ǵıֽ˺ңŮҲ䣡
ֹ˰죬Ȼ˵öЩϸƻȻвҪĵĵط
س´ʣֻδϣȵȵȣ˵䡣
ֹϷԣһӲ⡣
Ҳ֪˵ͷϣЩ¶᲻аⱨֽǰҲûж˿
ֹܿԺֽҪ˭
ȻǸŮӿġ
ίѣһ룬ĹŮʲô飿ѰŮ죬ܿȥЩ𣿡
ƪĶۣ֣̽ûһõݣ
誵Ǳߵıͷ˲ȤĶĻŮԱֽҲ˵ЧжŮϵ֣ϵǣҲ⻨ʱȥЩ
ֹüͷһ㣬ǵû뵽
££֣޵뷨ǣǿмһЩȦģǾߵĴ´糱ŮͻҵС£ԽץԽá
ֹʣĻһ㾳ضûˡ
ûУҪľ׹ͣ˶ˣӰܹ㡣ŮԱֽҪıǿ֮ȣһζѧϰǱߣ˿ûԼɫ񲻸ˣ
ǰֹʱ˵


183  
׵Ĳס
Ժ, ֹ誵˻ȥ¾в˷Եģֻǿֹϸؽһ, ʥⷬԸƲ, ෴ֹʥϵĻ濴ǵȱ㡪Դ
ŮԺԽ֮, νǷޣǸ߾Ůӵ, ԺͷѬգҲʼʧҡ
ֹ֪ŮӱΪԼ, ҲΪЩӴ̨ģΪĹǧǧסŲŮӡⱨֽԭǸǿ, ѡȻҲҪƫǣǧΪ˸Ŷţˡ
һ˳Ĭ
ֹһɨˣ뵱챨ʱǶʲô, ˵ʲô, ѵһʼʹˣ˭, ԼڵԺǱ˼𣿡
Ӧ
ǲò˵, ʵȷ, һʼĴʹˡ
, ĵӺͷһվͿֹҵõ˵ĺܶ, ԼѰŮӹ, ƾʲôʾ޴أ̫, úһġ
к˿ͷ¼λҲ˵
֮ⷽҲҪһԭǶѾһģӣòˡϧ϶ЩϧģҲû취˵ǲΪ˸ŶţŪߺ͹ѣʽķֽ
ҪǱԺɨˣ˭Ժ飿
˵֮˵˼·ҲˡǱŪīĺ֣ڲϱӣ˸գֳһ塣󼸾޸ģճɶ塣
ֹһǶʽǼǣ¸±ʽۡ
ûг͢ĿʼջѵضԼǮ˵ֹӣȴҲԺͷŮǸһ黨ǮǻǮҲ⣻ǻǮֹ־ÿǡ
һλУػضˣʵǲð졣
գֹѧ֪ˡ
ǡڴʱ뿵ֹ˵һ¡˵ȥʱµĶ࣬͢ûôĴˣǱص̴⣬泯͢˲裬͢ڲϸ⡣
ϵĴֲ̼󴬻ֻҪмִ̼˹ϵԲϵġ
˵ǻݻ˵ˣʵǿװǣҲǸȡˡ
£ֹéٿ⡣
ˣǵıֽΪβܣͷ֬ˮ۵̻ô࣬ǿһרŽЩõ֬ˮۣ̼ȡǮƣӡˢķҲ͵ˣ˵С׬һԺĿ֮ã
ֹԽԽÿУؿ˿ݣ⺢ӵǴضлˡ
ɽŴѧ˵˸°ˡ
ֹһЦǵ㰡㰡ԡ
³
񲿵ıֽŸշһգͷһûûþͿԺͷֳһµģʽ£ϸһƣȴͥ
ͨƪŮ˼ҵ¶һ֡üﱨ
Ǹʲôôι
Ǹֵϰ岻òվͣԺıֽרдŮӿģѾ˺Щˡ
֪˻Ǽˣôһ˵·ⱨֽͦ֡򱨵ģһҲǲִһݣؼ֮ҲûϸתͷͽԼҷˡ
ڲӿŮ˼ҵĶпıҪ
ǶģҲδЩֽϣҲȫȻ֪Ǻдľʲô
յֽĸҷԭҲû룬ֻϾʱó˿˭һͶˡ
һ˵Ǿͷʱ˵Ĵ´磬һ鷻Ľӣͱ£һӻ˲˵ġ
֮һ׵Ĳ׵Ļӹ£СŮ޽ʿɡдһһƣһ߻ҪżҵѣɷϲָҪոɻáŮ޿̣һڣԸȥٰǿһƵӣƾƵĹԶʶһϿľˣվ飬ɷޡ
Ǿ˽ʿ޶˸ƣɷˡ
²ѰĹ£дȴãмŭ⹫ǰʱô֮Ϭֱ죬ղܡ
ͷһΣʿǰϷҲ쾡¡
ȴĺܣؼͨƪֱͨ泩񫡣ǽʿ˵һֱ˵ĻһҲ¡¸ңĴνԴϬ˲ܣ
ƾʲôŮӾ͸õţأǶҲŮӣΪηǵðԼܵĿѼעڱϣ̣ɱ
Ů͸ӣؼޣʲô
ʹͷһģζؿſֹıֽһ߿һ档
¿ɲǱŪĺÿˣ
õĹ£ɲֻһ˿ѽ֪˾ͽ»ʲôӦ˵СҲͦģ֪ЩŮǻ᲻Ҳ޿̣
誵Ȳˣŵϲȥüﱨһȥ˾ͽһȥ
ö͵øһ
ŵϲȥ¶¶Ҳûţû÷뿮֮Ҳ֪ˡ
˾һֿʼţʶĺʵֻۣʥһкö͸ֹȥӣҪ˵ûɶϵ˵ȥ
Ȼʥϲó֣磬ϣ


184 ࿴ 
ﶼд߻
Զڳĺ, ֮յ˳͢Ķһǰһǰ˵͸µ, һ, ȴ˵ġ
վС֪˭͹ģ
治֪ȿ
֪ΪΣܾûдʲô¡, ֱˡ
˽Ų֮󣬹⿴ͷ, ٴƶûʲô¶ˡǷ뿮֮дģȻǷ뿮֮д, ΪлƵ˷εة࣬ϲų´ˡ⼸ƽﲻԸҲ˵һȥ, ¾Ȼͳһսߣһ¶ˡ
Ǳίεһ
뿮֮ȵĵ뼱УѾԾȻֽˡи, һʱûøӦ, ԱȥѰ̴
̴Ҳڿ͸Ůӱⱨֽһ̴þ, ˵õʲôӡˢǷ˼
֪ô, µĺöĹһٱûе, û, Ĺȴϡƽıֽ, Ҳֻܰ, Ǯ, Ҫǣа챨ˡ
̴ҵǺʱܸĹһأ
ĹҲˣ껹أɼЩ¶õġ
̴Ҳ֪ãǹĽġϻصŮѧԺǴĹǳģһŮӰñֽ
̴ʵںȥʲôһŮ
ȥ֮ͷٴʢֽд׼ߣŻףһȤʡʣȺŮӱдŵġ
ǳŮӣһȺΪŻ磬ܹӰǧǧŮӵˣȴС
Ķϧ˲ġ
̴̾ôڵҲǶء
䣬˵á̴˱ֽɡ
Ůٶ˶٣һ䣺ѦҲڡ
̴
⣬ôˣң˾ȻһȥˣѰ졭
Ȼ̴ЩԸѦˣȻˣһȥǲδ˵ȥԣ̴ֻһ
иԱźŮٶδ£Ծԭء
ҲЩڽչֻò⣬̽һ¿ڷ磬˭֪ڵѦѦӡѦ˼ȿǲѰ̴ģ˵滰ֻ˵ԼǱжǰ档
ѦҲ⣬ֱ˵ԼҲҪ棬Ҫһȥˡ
˵ԼټУѦ˷ҪԼһ˼̴
ΪǸŮͷŮ֮ʵأǹͷΪӵĴ󳼣ҪƽЩˣ
̴Ǵˬ֮ˣںЩӰ죬ڵŮӶΪˬ죬жֹƷˡ
Ҳ˵ãֻʱмܲס
Ʃµĺû취ѣֻ
Ǻ˱㲻ϲε档Щڣ̴ҲͷҪôѦ˿ͿȥѦѾˡҲܺǲǾվߣֱӴȡۺõĻ񣬻ϲϲص̴һһչ
˲䶮ˡ
ͬĶͬļУʶ
Ѧ˾ʳͷͷģѾԼǼŻ񣺡Ҳ֪ʲôģÿһõģģȿ
̴ͷˡ
ѦʸּҹϵǳѦ˸ǶԽ̴Сչмң̴ĸ˫ҲѦһֱæǰæտ֮ǰʳӶҪģ͸ˡ
̴ףΪּʼѦ˵һĲȰ˶ٻأ̴㶼ȥҲû취˲ų²ߣŻԹ˵˵Լܽմ˺˵Ĺˡ
ǺˣһܱŽءʧʱѦΪ̴ĻԸƨɣָõһλ˼ҵĵճӣòһ˲ţʫԱ޵֣ʵǶһ޶š
һֻʥѷɫһЩʶصŴǹ񱣬Ǹֱֱȥӣмܲס
ѦһҲǣĿŲڶŻϣһһ佫ɱеĺ֣˵òȲõһҲ
̴û˵ίرʾ֮࣬üֻ֮ǲˡˣֻµҪ
ѦѾЩʹˣ⿴һŻܿôЩ
ǫرʾֻѧһˡ
Ѧֻţ˵ţ汸Զʺϲˡ
汸ָ߽Բͨ඼ֻǻˣ䲻ϵ¡
̴ֱͷô˵ģ
ѦѾˣ֪ͲͼһⲻҲҲСѦ˻ͲаˣܻͷÿˣͲˣܰë
ʵˣÿһûŹܿñӵĿñӣ۲ñӵǣǿҲҪ֡
֮һģǺܴ磬ˡ
Ѧ˺һӵ
һ˴ԽԽѻԽԽƾʲôôãȴ֮ģ
Ѧ˽סһֱĺһڣѾ͸¶Ųˣ˾ʲô˼ǿ⻭񡣻ǿϱˣ
ҲңĳҲֻʵʵ˵գͷʵûһܱȵϵ£ǡֹ
Ѧ߬Żʲô
˳ȻؽӹáǷŵù¹٣¹ʱиѡ
Ѧ۾һ˼ûˣֻһ׷ʣˣ˭


185  
ôУȥɡ
ɨһΧ, ˵һ֡
ѦΪԼˣ۲캫ɫȻ˿, ԼȻû
Ȼôأ
Ѧһ, 㵣²Ƿˣ
ʵ飬Ѧ˺һ룬˭ϳ
˵, 첽뿪
ܶ˵˵, ˼Ϊ⡣
Ѧʧã÷ŭģȴΪǾ䡰˭ϳԺ, Ĺ˶ٻһʶ֪ǵ²סȻȷû, ҵǵµ£˵ĻȴǺġ
Ϊ̲סĥһһ顣
Ѧ˻ؼҺĥ仰˸Ӵ򲻵һȥˣһ, мֺʡ׿Ĳ˵, òĵġǵӢˬ, Ůкܣ˵ĹʵĶţŮ, һһĳ, δŮδ, ѵõ, λĹʵ߻ûʲôݺݺ, ֮ǰһ, ȷʵ¶ʵģʲô
޵Ĺȥǳô죿ѲҪĹƾʲô
벻öλεģһ۾ܿԲŸ˾ᡣѦ˶һ綼ûףȵЩʱɷͷѦڷϱ㿪ʼ
ʵĻǸйص¶
Ѧ֪Ķ˵ˣϾҲΣҽеǵ˽ⶼԴ̴Ѧʼ˼֣֮ǰδʹЩôĹʵȤ
Ϊ˵µ¡ҲûˣѦ԰ѻ˵ĸһЩãĹʵΣǵ£
ȿȿȡѦ䲻رһڼǺţճſ˺üȵɫͨ죬ʹѾؿڣŵӣ֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
Ȼ֪ĥĥһˡѦ˳°ͣʼ³ɹĿԡ
ѦæϽסǿĹʵۣĹжʵжǿۺ񣬻õٶ˵һ֮Ǻεȵ㾹Ȼ䲻ϣδ̫С˼ҡ
ѦʹˣһʵۣҲǸ飬ʲôģǵ²ǹŮӵһˣˣĻбڵŮӣҲȲϣҿĹʵҲδ
˲ˣ˲ˣѦʾԼӿҪˡ
ǸĹϵǺã䱾˵ǻĹģһͷĹƴܾˣٱһЩͱҲ˵׼ǶĹںţǲ淢չ׳
Ѧ̴֪㣬Ͳʡ
뵽Ѧֽӣʹ˴סˣý֮ɢˣʱԵ·á
⻹õ㽻ɵӲɣҪϣҲǰĴϣӰ֮Ľˣ
ѦΪͨˣĥ£Լĵ̫ˡ
ԽԣѦ˷Խһԡ
һ֮Ǿ͸ħƵģѦ˱мֵģ˵˼֮Ѧ˳ŷˣ˾һԡ
ĹʵԺõѾˣһҲץס˵
ѦɫҲôûзִģ誵⣬ܶʱѦҲֻòظ̴ʾһֱ˵һǰţѦ˽Ҳϱˣ̴࿴ĴԽԽ٣ҲûдŻ빬ˡ
̴Ϊڹ£˾衣
ӣ̴㷢ԼĹʵۡ롰Ҽҵ¡Ƶ߱ἰǰԴѦˣԴں
̴ѾһͨҲû˹ע誵ɣų誵ϢѾûֹǡ
ǸϸģùģѦ¼ֱ
йϢԽԽ̴࣬誵ʶҲͱȵԽԽڹﰮʲôϲʲôڲ֪м
Ҳ֪ǲǰ̫ˣһ䣬̴һΣε˷٣Ȼ³ڸ˻ٷŽЩǵζ
ڶѣ̴ľգ⼸ջǱټѦˡ

ԶĹ誴Ӵ룬ĳԼɥ
ַ뿮֮
Ҫ߶ԼҲֵΡֻһ֪ҪǴȥˣúһұ㳹ˡ
ŵϲͷӣЦʣʥ˯ÿɺã
̫á誴Ьߵǰһˮ뿮֮СЬͷˡڷ뿮֮һԶԶ鳯Щ󳼶Ҫ
誷Ըة˵Ҫ顣
ŵϲȥ١
뵽˻ϵţĲˣҲ¯ˣǰմȫĹİնܳԵ⡣
ʳʳӦҲøϡ
ȻЩһĶôУǲ綼ȥɣ츣գڵ£ǧٺòˣЩҲܾɣ


186  
ͷһѧ
ʥټ, ⼸λöʮѸ١
һſڣ˱㻥ˡ
룬仹Щ£ʥϸòԵǱߵ¶ɣ
뿮֮һ, Ӳʲô, ûʲô
һ⣬úмæϰˣ˳ʹЩС˼, ˴š̴ǵ£Ҳ, ǵˣȨҵ͸Ĳɡ
Ϊʥϵ£Ѿ˼ʾ֭ĴѾ, ʥǻĴ治Ǵǹҧ
뿮֮ĬĬһ, Լ׳׳ʿһ̤µĴ
ѾȺǶʱˡ˶ˣЦӭ
λ󳼵ĽŲɵͣסˣ誵Ц, ￪ʼë
ʥϸò֪˰ɣ֮ǰǷݶͦε, ⶼ֪Ļ, ʥѲɻǧۣ
԰ɣ調ͿؽǰٺãҲжСĽ, Լȥ˵Ĵ, Ļһ, , ټλ, ʵһغĴ¡
뿮֮Ⱦһô˵, زǵĵǼ
ųʮָӵظ͵֪ʥָǡ
ǰ¿ƽʿͷһ˵ģڲ֪أǰЩй˰޳飬λҲѾ֪
ųԺһ˻ǰЩӺȷдЩʥ˵Īһ£
ةüԣ誼һȣʼϲ۹󣬰ճԲ⣬ܰϻۣ֧һСֵܰµĽܹͨʹۣζҪǣ֮󲻹±ܳɣƻȴǰҪ׳
誾ãѰռҲ£طıϣҲʡȥ࣬ǰΪȦ˶誶Щ˻⡣ȻҪǣļ۸ļ۸ҪһҪࡣذղ⣬һΪζãһҲûϰߡ
Ҫҵıǿļ۸ϰߡóеЩ󳼵Ķڣ誱ĳظǽⷨӼȻãޱƹ㵽ĹԳ¶еִ󻹵λ˶ģʡ
ųüһ뿮֮ѾĬĬغһ
ʶ˲
ȻǵʶѾˣֱ˵ܰؾ£ڰٹ֮λж⣬Ҳ֪֮󣬰ȻҲЧ¡
һʱ䣬ĵֻ춼谵ˡ
ûбˣ񲻸壬ֻؿʥϵһһϣʲôʱʲôʱһѾ׵
뿮֮ŵøϽϣʥ˼вס
誾֪ǲ⣬ôӹǱŸ첲ʵкβף
⣬⡭뿮֧֧֮ᣬô˵ܲ˵ԼΪ飬ݵ°ɣ
һۿǵ˼ǺһЦ޲˵ˣƲһ£û뵽λҲѧǵ۸ֵ͵ɣǽĺ
뿮֮ķˣôôһñӾͿ۵ͷϣ
ԩ
뿮֮䣬˾Ȼ˿ΨʥǴӡ
ˣǸȵƨָˡ뿮ֻ֮ܰظųʾ⡣
ųҲίرʾȻƲֻæֲѧѧᡣʥʵ֮ȽС
˵Ĺûʣǲ˵׻
뿮֮һ䣺ѵ
Դǣ޲ܰ䵽ˣͷһѧ
ȥһôһȺֵ
˾㵣ɫᶨ
뿮֮㶵ضۣķڷ
Ѿ˵ϣҪٸҾܾǾ̫֪ôˡ
뵽ҪιЩŻͷ
ǿžͳʥϻµȥ֣Ͼʥھʱͦġ
һʥּ˻ϲλóҽһ±ִ˾ǡ
ٶ֮죬뿮֮һ׼ûУǻû׼ء
µǣʥҲ֪ΪƻԣЦǰñ౨˾ٱֽҲǴؿ䣬˵ζζ֮֡ζ
滹͸¶˴γаٹٽҪѧϰ֮ةΪʾҪѧ͸Ҳ׷ױ̬Ҳ˵ѧϰ֮
˵жζ˶ǲŵģֲûԹ⣬ٺóܺóԵȥأߵǿһ߸ϵĳ͢٣ҲҪѧϰ£ʵǷ˼
£ڹ˻ϵȵִﾩǵĵڶ죬һ׼׵ټȺ׼
ǰǿºڣ˵ԼҪͷһѧܲӡ誴һೣʰĸɾ䣬զվյų顣
誱Щڵģǿ⵹ù࣬Ȼˣͦ⡣
л˵
誣˺


187  
ֳڿֳ֡
뿮֮ͷ̧, ˵϶ЩģҪ˵һܽܵĻҲδ, ֮, ȫΪʥʵ̫ˡ
౨˾Ⱥ˸ˣʦûʼǱдд, Ņ̀ͷ飬ʱ򻹲֪᲻ửʲôӡ
ö, Ҳ֪Щ˱ضʥϽйġһΪǣҲΪдӡ
ʥĵĸϾˡ
ʮͷСб˹ƺһɳζ
볯͢ЩԱͬ, һȺ˸緢
Լ˹˴˵ĻҲ, Ȼ˴¶ᡣаٹٶһѧϰַ˼ڴǰ붼ġ
ŵϲͷѾ߸߹𣬵ٵɹ, 誣ʥ, , ھͿʼɡ
Ҳáˡ
ѧ꣬㽻
һ, Щųӡ
, Ȼ, ҵĲ, ȺͻȻ׽, ȺЩܾ, һֱµģԵʮֻҡ
˵ȻҲǳЩ¶ģңվǰͷһ˳ׯͷͷõġ
ո˵誸ǰҲ¶ӣҲ㣬ͲҪ˰æһѹһУ㰴סʹǰָסȣֻ˲ͱԼĪǱЩͷһֱߺߵĽлţҲĶЩù˷ֺ
誸оֵֹģͺԼڰװϵһ󡭡
ĳЩԽܡ
誻ǱŶѧһһ̬۾ȫ̡
˻̫Ϸͷŵ˯ţԱ˵һЩеûģһ¿ŷ·ͦ򵥣עĵطȴв٣ܴ˵Ȳ֪ٴΣŽ·ԭǷ֮Щ˸ȣûþͲˡ˴ĻҾƲƤø¿ƵУ˲ࡣ
ĵͷƤ飬ͺԼҲҾƻźһء
ĵˡ
˻ϻ˵ֹĸһ󡣹öһȦֻҧ˵еᱻҧȥ֮˳࣬ԵİٺöҳҲ졣ԭȻҪһֻ֮ܳ±㹻ˡ
漴˵ⷨõţϣӦҲй֮ͨɡ
˻Ц˵Ҳȷʵģֻ˲֪ôǻģֻҲûյҪ졣
調˿ˣ»ÿܰ䡣
һ¾״΢زС
Լν¿ͷѣѵһضѾͦȥˣʲôأ
ʥǰ¶Ļᣬ
߾̸˻ΪѧȥϢϽ֡
ʵ誶Ķأ˶Ūˣ𵶣һˡ
Ҫ˵ѪҲûУ֮ʲôҲҪˣҲȥ
һне¡ڽ֮ǰѾԼͷβһĴˣûĹ˰侹ġ
治ˣ뿮֮վǱȲϡ
һ֮󣬹˻ϱ誡ѧᡱˡ
ϡͿȥ˱Ϣ
ˣʣ°ٹٵĽѲŸոտʼ
˻ϻ誷ˮȴ԰ٹκεĺɫϵټ˹˻ϣԸ˽յ飬˼ҲǳаٹЩˣҲԽûִ磬ձϵúúǡ
˻һģ誵˼˼˻ϱһһԣͷԵβ
ة鿪ʼ
뿮֮Լ᲻Ҳһ׵ˣʵȴݺݵĴûһ˰Ҫһ˰׽ãҪڹָ£ֱһҪĲλ
ڱϱðŪˣȵ˾ȥ󳼵УţҪ׳˸Ͱס
òװסˣһƬǽ壬ԭȵĹڷҲˣҲˣƽŵ粻֪Ķȥˡ
ǷѾذס֮Ա߻վ˵۵ѣ˴ˣƲԡ
ôõģղŲǽ𣿡
Ҳԡ
Уɡ
λ󳼣
үΪʲôǵַʽǡһûʲôĴǳˡ
ͷûȥĳǼֱηǿԵĻֻߡ
Ա߿Ľζָһʦļա
ôһѾ˺üˣ調֮׿͢µĶȤԶڱֽϡ
誻ɷдСһİһôһ۾ܱס
С룬ͼµĲǴٶǡá̬ˡ
һ춼жȹģȵ֮Ѿ֪ԼȥġյǲԸٻ룬ҲԸٱἰǷޣȴһͷϣʵա
ϧ첻Ըڶһ磬йǼѧϰ¶Ѿֵǽ֪ˡ
ĹİջͷһôȤ£ıֻֽ˰Ĺ򣬾Ѿĸɸɾһ


188 ƹ 
˶ѧ
ܿ͢ٶǵ, Ƕ˽ֵ¡
һ죬ͷŻֵĵϢ
ѰҲһűֽϾʱĲͷĻָָ, , ˵еĴ˱黬Ǹ˵ĳĳ˳ĺûÿͷ, һƬЦ
԰˵ĻԶһЩ, ԽԽãûֻ֣ǻҲ
ֵһ, ˵Ĵǲϵ˭˭ȴ֪ݷǱѰ, ߵˣȴѰ飬һӾƽ׽ࡣԭϵĳ͢ζһЩ
ǲ֪¶, Ժ󻹻᲻, еĻ, ϣ͢ڽѧǻܽΧۡӰ
ͷ۷׷, Ů, Ҳ, Ժͷ
Ǽλڼ, ƲŮԺ, ֻĲǴ¶, ԭνĴ¾
£֣µؽֽȥʮݣұհհڵٹ⡣
ֹεͱżˣҹҲܡ
ҲãԸûѧȥ֮󣬵ͷЩׯȫˡ
𿴷˳ЦɷЦһǾǸ֪ġԭǼׯȫÿԵҲ⣬ʥȻҪģЩ¹˼Ȼͷһϣ⳷ˣĳ⣬˷Ŷʥϵθڡ
˲Լ¶⣬Ȱ˵ζһ䣬ٲҪԼˡ
аٹҲڰ̾
һ̾ʥľЩΩΩФǺûӣ̾Բ⡣
ǽ˳⡢ԼݣҲ⣬Щ˿ζƻó¿⣬Ǵ˶ⶼ֮ԱǡȲóԣ۸Ҳûôˣﲻ۲ѽϲ
Դʼ˹עж
³֮󣬰˱ͷ˻ΩΩФظѧЩ˵Ļ
ĬĬ꣬š
ǵãżһ¥⻹ǲġ
Ź֮誱˾¥¶
ޱʥѾ˵ڶŲòҧݺģϲ˵Ĵ¥΢ȷʵһ¥ɾӣʥϲ͸ʥҲʹá
誣Ϊ޽ǲľ¥
һͷˮؿ誣ѵ
ЦˣٶȥԼᱻ˺þòƽ͵ؽ˵¥飬ھ¥ĲƷЩֻйصĲˡ
¥ԼģûӴ⣬˲䲻ˡⲢûж˳ԣҲģӦ£ʥϷģС»ð죿΢ֵǸġ
˵ĵɣҪôģ
ŲԣǼЩô
ЩѰˣЩ˻ǲԣʲô˼أЩĻ˰ˣͲòˣѾǰЩˣζսȥգͷǵٻޡ
룬ǸˣδرȵɾӵĴѵŲ
˭ôС
һ˹죬һͷžͰ͵ɾӣȥһ¶ҪλģΥ
Ѿ˾¥ղ׬Ǯ׼ˡ
¥νվؽӸƸĳǣ˵նһͷÿ˲֪ж٣ֻҪɾӣܳԵصļˡö֮ɾҲˡ
ŶЩӵİݶҲߣҵרǳӣ๣¥ƽʲôҲǵı㣬βһʥϸģ춼Ļ
ڶվ¥ճҵǡݣҲ˲١֮ȴֻ֪⡣
˵ˣ׷ԵɡСֻ˵Ӧ͢ӸһЩĲ˷ӣ˴⿣ػôʳָ󶯡
ɾӵҲȷ¶˵Ĳ񫣬ͼһ۾
ʲô⡢С⡢ˮ⡢μ汸ȷʵˡ
һ⣬ɫƷ֪࣬ģҲ鲻Խ˿ڿˮ
ˣҪԡ
ô˻ͦģ⼸˶µļˣûжǮģҲǵ⡣Ͼͷһţܵóʲôζ㲻óԣҲˡ
֮ղܡ
Ϊʲôǰû˸ǣ⻹ôóԣ
Ҳ˵ˮ˵СһҲ˵ʵͷҪˣһɫ解ãʶĶ⣬㹻˻ζ
Ҳ֪ɾӾĴȻܰһζûС
ǺЩ⽻Сֿʼ˵ǴӶ·˹ģǱһζûУһ̲
ǲһζûУ⻰ٳЩˣҲòˡ
ϴȱңգɾӵĶͳ׳
ȵ˵ڶգ˸Ƿӵһ̽һԳԣһ˱ζˣ״˸ƫ
ɾӣҲٴ׬˽
űԤڵϢˣΣûлعֻһ䣺
ڰɣжóԣ
ûԹĳЩţѾ̻Ǿüʱգᳬ⣬ΪǲҪࡣ
ǡ곯͢øǲСѧϰ֮ͷýֲ̼֣ʱǰǱߵĻׯԹĦѧϰĺ£̻вץסģ
չ򣬻ׯͷӿһѧġѧǡ


189  
Ҷ
, Ī˵ЩǣеĹԱҲû뵽
ųʶ誵˽Ѿʮ, صһ, ǻׯͷ飬˿֪ʥ˽͵͵¶, ҲδŹ
֮ʼʥ϶ûи, һĬĬˣµһƺҲʥԤϵķߵġ
ųȻЩʧ䣬ΪԼʥ벻õ, ͷ֣ʥûҲܶһ档ԭ벻Ĳʥ, Щ󳼵ġ
ų֮ͨʱԼ󲻵ýⲽͥĺ󳾡
һ, Ѿ״ˡ
⼸ɾӵĽҲ, ˱ʱ, ֱԼ۾
ʵ󲻳жóԣ, ȥɾͷܵĲ˶һ顣
һ֮, ζ, ˻ζ
ٿʱֱǿƵġ
Ȼ, ʱһ, 誱˽ԸӻعȥˡΪðնĸԸس, ԼȥˣһˣҲԼԶٺõˡ
ΪʹòУǿܵĻ治Ը뿪
þͺǸ˽ģ֮ǰѷӶ˵ɾӵ̫ѳԣͷƣΪζѡ
ŸоЩοȻ˲ڣսķӻڣɾܺɣѹеľ¥
߻û˶ãתͷţǸ¥ͷ³ͺ⣬ζĲࡣ
д
ðתͽ誸״
ʥϣɵ졣ЩʵƷӣ֪ʹʲô͵ǵķӣҲѧɾ⣬ʵڿɶ񣡡
ô㣺£ʲôֻжһݵġǵģıǺþͳˣٲãǻѹ𣿷ɱ˶ˡ
ɱǽ۵ĻԵ˻ࡣ
ҧɾӴӲۡ
ֲʲôľ¥ȻۣܽǷӣԺѹˡ
˵Լ취ˣ׬Ǯ󲻹׬һЩǮˡ
Ҳ֪ʵʹġ
ԭֻһ׬Ǯȴͬ׬Ǯ˷ˣһ룬ܽأ
誰οҲ̫ˣôɾһ¥ˡ
⵹ҲǡƵ˵
ֵɾӣ£ٲٽľ¥һá
ʱĽ誸ж£صʥϷþˣܱʥأҲĸˡ
Ҫǣʥʲô¶ôгŲжأ
ֻǿɶȴȺ͵͵С
һգŶЩļ̣Ҳ֪ʲôķ͵ǵķӣǱ֪ĻҪǺÿ
߳ţŵϲһСϻӹˡ߽ŵϲϻӣһӣһ㣬㶼˽ӡ
üЦȥ˽ͷš
ŵϲҲʥϴϻۣǼӾ͵ôĽƽһ´Ŀ
Ҳ⡣
óܣֻ˭óŲأۣ֪ζ
ۣǾ͵ñˡ
˵ˣ׬Ǯ£˭
׬һǮ˺üա
⼸ռ䣬ֲ֪жǵ⣬ԴӸ¥ʮ˺󣬱˴˾۸˲٣ͨһҧҲˡ
ǳ֮ˣʵںٶʲôУԭ˲ϲʮ⣬ΪζζûˣȻҲϲĽڡ
һʱ͢ϾͻɹԽ˵ٻ˼ҲѰҲͷ
ܳ⣬Ǯأ͢˵±ĻҲ
һʮǴ٣ܿ죬Ȼͱ˾ǵķ֮һ˼ʱʳԺȣ˼Ľ
ֽͨĹӣǡ곯͢°䲼ԴΪ֧֣ϱصİշ׷׿ʼѧ
ռ˸Ϣһ£δŰɳɹˡȵʶȷֺó⣬ũȻԽԽࡣ
ϾãϱߵĻʵЧճԵ໹ôڹûʲôӰ죬һձӣҲܺþá
ô϶á
Ĺֵ˺䶯ϱǶɡ
˴ĶȻҲڹ
شǲֹһε˾ͽ߸пĹʵá
ԭռǵҲԹˣǺӣȴ˱ߵĻĹճȣճʵûۿռǵ·Ϊ˽϶ġ
ʱûˣĹȴָ
һʳһʳĹ͢ĲʵǸߣһ߶û¡
شĽȴҲ֪äĿЧ²ãֻܰϧ
˾ͽûô˼ֻһ飬Ǳӣչ
ǿأѹһ츮֮ѾˣȻĹ֣Ǿͷ
л˵
ԩɡ


190  
ñ
һ, 誻Ǵӹ˻е֪
һ¸һ֮󣬹˻ϱ̻˶·
˴Ҳͬⷢ֡˻δǰڴ·, ¶С, ˻Ҳ˵һЩ
ԭЩĹв֮ģ۲һʱ֣֮ԷĿӦĹ, 
Ĺϲ˴Ĺģ, ģĹֻȥ޻ء
յ֮ټд󳼡
뿮֮ȱĥκضԸ, ۿ̲סˣܴʱĻ᣿
˭˭ӣ
ųȳУʥ, ʧռ֮أǶʵǼĲ
еԥ˼ֻǰŹ, δжֵĴ㡣
ȴô, Ƕһž, ҲֵĻ, Ҳ˺󡣡
Ŀ, һһսȻģ, ƺѾڱصˡԼǸƽ, ôеЩȷʵ˵ĺսأ
ѵǲ֪, һս, 
誽ԼĹǺг޴δҪĹ֮仹иشûеģֱӽϱ֮أһգΪñӡ
Ȼͬ˾ͽ˽ǹ֮棬Ƕܶģ͢Ĺս˾ͽܳŵʱ֮ųǷҪĹ֣ԸҲԸ
ųͷһʥ˵Ļŷ·еϸһ룬ȴһɺԣųЦʥǵģĹнսһհˡ
ס
ֻǣȻ֮ţΪδԸ⣬¾һ˵Ըܶµġܣ棿Сжȴв٣ʵضǣʱ̲ͬĹ֣ǱƣӦˡ֣ƽ֮أ˲ŲǴռˣʥ˵ǲǣ
誱һ仰ʹš
ȷʵˣҪΪ⣬˵˼Ҿ£ͳһϱء
ԭﲻ
뿮֮һ誵ɫ㱼ʲôʥĪˣ
һ˭ˣʲôˣ
뿮֮ȴԽƶӦòһֱãĹʤ㣬˲뱣֮ʱһϰɣ
еŭ޺ôˣ
뿮֮ʧЦӲɡ
Ҳ֪֢ˣ뿮֮Цã˵ǿ׳ĹҲˣǻǫѷǲȴԶʤᣬ񽭻֮ء֮ضԶĴ֣մý֮Ķ֣˵ǻòóĻڡ㣬ǺҲܰαԷƱأ
һ˵ˣ±ѷڶԷһ˭ǿ˭һأ
ǲɱеľǿһܴ̽ȸӦʥǡҪѵһǧ˵ȸ֧һ˺һġ
صʥʵڲصĴ򲻹ĹϣʵҪ˳ܵģ֮أ֪Ĺжܻӭˡ
㹻ѹ
һһ˵ıȳĻҪĹѾǿ󵽣ܸƽƽĵزˡ
ֻٻһЩǣ֪ܱǹƻ󡣵ûˣȻ課֪ǶôôϲԣĹܷ޽Ƶˡ
ȻӲܣǾ͡ɡ
ֻܶԲסˣ˷ֻǻ˸ʵֲۣ߱ɱӦɡȻҲûˡ
誵ͷӦͷļȫϲ
˭֪ǳﻮôãǽֲմĿġ
ˣҲô򣬲Ҳô
뿮֮ѾƻˣҪǾ͸ţֻǸᣬǾ͸͸¶ĹҪϢͲ̵ס
ڡû˼
´ȷ˾ͽҲû誣Ĺ˴ϢŴô˳
ΪԳģĹ͢Ϊ͸¶һЩǾǴ˴οսĹҲᶦ
ÿնڹעĶڴȷС£Ҫ²ٵıֵõǽսĻʱֻʲ̴
ò׽þվȽŸ¡ûˣܷŹ̴
ƺ̫ܡ
˾ͽԸƽϣ׷Ҳβܡ
ԣ誻θ̴ƺ
ĶĻҪ죬һ¹Ѿ׼׵ˡ
з뿮֮ȴմߴ٣課òϣ˰벽


191 ߾ 
Σյ
εĳ, ܸоԼڱǣűߣһֱΪĹĿǰҪĻǵڷչ, ȴǿ, Ĵȴô롣
գ誶ֹ
壬֪ۻʥϱȽϺ, Ժ˺ѡӡ
°ͣе, תļ⡣
˭ϼŵѹѹһƬĴսȡǿԣ֪̤ƽ, ˳̤ƽʥһͳ¡ֻϧ, û
̾ʹʹشһˣھЩӣɰǱﻵˡ
һսӡ課룬Ҳ֪ʲô̬ȡ
, ѡĬ
˴, Ҳһ紵ݶû˵ڳһ, ͢û֪Ծɲ֪, Ϣͨ, һ֪ʲô
Ȼ˵, ȴӲó͢ʲôġ
ǿ, ֮ǰԲס, Ĺн, ȴʥ֣˵Ͼͻˡ
ҲǾȡĲĹ
Ĺϣհҵ֮ǰ֪˶ٱ˶ĵģ֪ô֪˳͢ԼʲôǡԱ˵ֻǸˣʮųĴ£Ҳֵø調ѡ
ϲֵģֱȥĳһ̣Ҫ²ܽ
˶İ꣬˶£˸ףȻע¾ܽһ򾡡
ƫƫЩ˻дʣĹǿʢһˣõŶã
ǰǰҲˣָ׸ǶȲϣʲô
۵ֹУҲС
ڶߣǵäĿűʾ塣ǳĹķչĸӰɣ֮սҲδǵ档誻ûлͷ֪ǵطѹû׼Ҫͷ
Ҳֻе˸ͷЩ˲Ż֪ǫΪ
Ѿƽ߸Ǽӿ˽̡Ĺɱһ£Ԥϡ
˾ͽشͷˣʽĹԲܷǵȥϾĹҲǽС
شʱأڱصãǴ˴ս¹ʲô̬Ĺȴһֵ¡
ش˾ͽĹǰսǳҲȲϣɼĹ͢ս֮罥ˣδزὫìͷ׼
ƴĻشȷʵǲĵģĹۺʳ㣬ռݳ֮գʱգسɴ󻼡ǵĹ΢ĩʱ򣬾һ¸жã㲻÷Щˡ
ȻҲÿشһĹǵ⡣в׽ĹģԱ㲻Ĺ˵˻ҿĹûҰģة᲻ˣ
ᣬشǵһЦʣ£Ϊβ߷̴
߷̴Ϊ׼ģ˵ĹûҰģ˭أ
κһнľضͳһµҰ
Իƿԡ
شת˾ͽĹòĹʵûҰģɳ͢ЩĹ佫ȴƲ硣
֪Ǳ߳ൽ飬ٵ´СС佫ûһǺõġشʵؽ飺˴֮󣬱ˡ
õʱĹҧһڡ
⻰Ѳǵһ˵ˣ˾ͽÿÿˣ鶼أΪ֪شǵĵûдǰڹڵʱ˾ͽӱ£ռԭеĵطʵֻĹ
ǵĹûеֵסĽô¾ͲĹǽǣǷһٽ֮£һ֮ء֮ؾ¡
ͻȻϵ誣мΨһıδҲͳһ·Ψһ谭
ģ˾ͽ
˵Ƿܣ˾ͽȴӲܡ˵仰ԼжԲˡ
ش˲ûԡ
һ䣬Ҳʱˡ
һ֮·صִ߾
ƿ̴Ĺ֮ΪģдһŸ֤Ĺ˴ξԲᶯ
ƹõ֤
ȻдŲûи̴ٰο͸ţԾɸܵɽ¥ѹȸС
誵˼ݱܷâ̴ôܸ䵽˱ľ棿Ըϵ⣬˼ֻԺѦʵ̹񡣡
֣֮ڴ֮ǰҲҪּҽˡ
̴ͷڹꡣ
Զͥѵ÷ֳһ˼˼ζԸ̴ո˰ûʲôõӣųĹѾʦ߾ڡ
ͥľһӾˣ㵲ѣʲôʱ¶
Ϊʲôû֪ͨ
л˵
誣㻹֪ͨ㣿


192  
ͻּҾ
ͥ, ׷ʣЩںδ
Ԫ⣬ѾפˣʱܹǶ롣
ͥɫһ, ʼ̻̲߶, һЩңԪҪѹƽеһؿ, ǾԽȥ
Σǰȫġ
׶Ҫϻˣʥ, Ϊ֮ƻǸϽɱ˵оҪ
ûͥ񽥽侲ҲҵĹǣּ, ̼ʮǰȥԪعءҪϧһдסƽ, ǧܽƽʧݣƽرƣҶõ
ƽ֮ͺñٻ֮Ĺơһ, վѾһ, Ĺľӻ᳤ֱ, ֱӱٶǣʱѡ
²˳, ״ʱû, ּټ
֮, ͥ־־塣
û, ιҲ˹, ׼ϸĹһ, ǱΪͥٻ֪Щ𣬽ǽ˹ŷԼʥϱǻãȻ
ͥ񱾾һͷˮ˼⣺޾ûǣ˭֪ǳӵķ裿
Ĺ˵ЩԹҲ˴ţϾǶһǰ¶ˣǰ˸ӴһȥۺͥҲǡ
ͥҲ벻ͨжѾˣôƫƫ˴ѣ
ŶιҪһ˿ο˷סİɣǰɣ
ιһȴο˵ʥϱģסġ
ִ֣˵ţʵﶼš
ǿһֻô򵥣οǶԸǡĹҲƲ磬¹Ļ޴󣬵ԸĹˣҪõȻһ
ʲôʲô
ǱԪ󣬶û˵Ͷɽʮڡ
һٺըֱ֮ӽСɽը˰ء
ڴ˵صˣʿ˲ûˡ
⻹ʲôֻҪĹ伸ڣɽܴ򴩣˵Ԫĳˡ˼ûŴǵˣûһܿסĹһڵġ
ḁ̇̄ģôܸڶԿ
Ĳ룬ĥͶ
⻰ֻ˵һ㱻˻ȥûսȻηĹĻڣǶԵĲȻûѵ֪ȥصסš
ҪǣǲδսȽ
͢ԮûǾȻͶˣѹʲô³֪ˣԭ͢Щ󳼣ĸ˽Ҳ벽ǵĺ󳾣
⻰˵Ĺûʣʵûȥġǲ֪ǰɣȷʵЩ󳼣Ͷͨʿȴһ¶ûС
ӱԭɽҲһУ˼ĹǴȣɽǿö൱ٵģءС˼ĹмȥɱͶ˾ͶˣôĴθ
⻰вǡ
ʿһʱŤת˵ġգĹһʱҲ򲻽ôɽĹܲܰǶըˣ÷϶ٵĵҩ
Ҳû㣬һɽ֮˽ڸȥˡ
˾ͽĬĬ꣬ûþĹĻڡǵһ˽عĦڵ𺳣Ǹܵв
ĹĻڣδǷŸǿġ
⻹˵Ĺǡ˷ôڹʲô˼ҲԶˡ
ڵȷ޴Ԫһɽʾʲôƽԭ⼸ʮڣֻһǶᱻΪƽء
ǻڣ治֪ôġ
ش̽ĹڵϢֻĹ͢¶ýһ˿һķĹˣ˵ˡ
˾ͽҲɹƹǲ²ӦǻҩƳɵģ﾿ʲô䷽ȴϸ룬ֻ
ЩܵģҲû취ƾղôˣ¶Ҳȸһԡֻǽһ˾ͽƻڵ˼
誷ڣΪ⣬˾ͽǰҫҲͷһμɣΣ
˾ͽǶĹĲɣеȷûа誣˳ǣش԰ڣڵĵҩؼϹɣ˷ĵҩ㹻ǹ¼ǣ
誣
Ҫֱ
ǰ誾Լĵҩ㹻ģȥԶԶùǣ»˿ˣˡ
˾ͽ죬Ҳʻڵ£±ȽУʵòãʱ˶ֱ߽⡣
ڲˣֻֻϧ֮ǰĵ治ôôġһˮһ
ĹʿԪ֮к
вɫ
誱볰Цΰ¹أĲ״ҲĳЦˣֻڷνκá
ˣѵҪ浱ǣźǸƲǣ
֮ʣ誺Ȼ̴Ϣ
˾ͽǰŵõϢ˾ͽ޶ԣȴӪǰȥһ̽
ȻûԶ̴ȴѾˡ
誼һװǡƳμһأ۾Щȡ
̴誸Ͻһ߶ôˣ
ԭŵˣЩ佫ɲ˾ͽ̴ܲص˼
̴ǹɫȻּŮͷڹһںͷ
Ҳ
ҪԸҲáּҾ᲻սܡ
˵ֻܽٸȺ˴򽻵
̴ʾԼ֪˦ͷ㱻һҩ
ӣרθкˮЧ
֪Ⱥ˻Ӧص̴Ļ˵ǺóԺúźˣӦصļѡһģûŮã
˵ʲôأܲԼҵıһĲֵɣ
̴ĵûʲôͷĽδ̴֮Ķ̲أķչȴǵϡ
̴һȣָϽعԪĵƵġ
һŲչ򣬱誵ֱӹԪ
ľӽϸϹʱԪѾʧˡ
һϢ㡰⡱һ£ֱˡ
žһţֲòǿĹּҾ
ͥҲܿյԪʧݵϢ
ܲ˵ǣԪƵģҲĹƵģ̴Ǹ֮ǣζ뿳Դ̴
ܴ裬һˣȻ˹鶼ȥּôһҲТʲѹ
У˵óѡ


193  
̴ڿӡ
ɱ, ΣҲҪȡ̴׼
סҪĲǻо, ôȡ̴׼ˣ
ͥǻ, һ߷С齣ŭ⣺Ǿȥȡ̴׼㲻Ҫޣ
˵껹, ֶ׷ѣŸְȰǶزס, Ҫкã
ȫȻҲǸյƽأûվȽŸ, ƽؾͱ̴ˣͷҲؾ档
ηͥŭ, ¶Ҫ˼⣬Ҳֻհ졣
Ҳȷһ̴ͷ
ͥ񻹲Ĺܴ, ܴ, ̴ƾʲôܴ, ƾʲôƽأ
һŮ֮°ܽ, ӳ˳ȥ, ɥ֮Ȯһ, ȴʸĹ, һĹ, ʵ޳, ޳
Ͻ֪һӵĹԼŮˣֻײİ嶼ѹס
ø̴ûһ㾴η֮ģͲ⵽˵𣿡
ͥҶԸ˾ͽҲҶԸ誣ǶԸԸ̴ȴֵġ̴ĹһʱҲô̴ͥһҪġ
ǲһգм˶֪ǵƽǱϽŮ̴ơ
漸һƬͷͥ˴ͷսּҾڵԭã̴ΪռƬأּҾĴøУĬĬľôҲͥ޵һ㣬Ҫģðǽݺøб
ȻߣҲ˶̴
Щͷѵģ֪鷢չ㲻ӦˡϽûк޶գ̴ôܻ˰εأ˵ףǳ͢дȣ˼̴Ǳѣɹ涨۸˻ܻ֣
˴ڣ˵˵ǲߵż̴ôףǻ˵乫
ã̴ͨ֡
ͥԴ˺֪Ϊͷ˶һ̴֮ǡԼöιÿո㱨ͷ̴ġ
Щ̴͸о̹ͨ
ι֪ͷʵΣѾЩտͥ񣬶ιҲ֪ʵ顣
һʱһʱɣѾҪĹؿڣιȷǻûŶãڳš
䶼ָͥø⣬Ȼͥڽʧϴûʧʲô۲ŴԣҲߵһˡ
һһգͥʼ벻κεӦ֮ߡ
㾳뵱ʮƣҡҡ׹Ľɽһ۾ͷӣһʤһյľпҪѰ·ǵȴ
ǳҸ
ͥȥѡ
ͥĶĶˣȴҲ֪²ûʲôѵĺȥֱӳ˱߾ǵǿӹĹҪĿӣ
ͥɳԲÿࡣ
ӼԥԥѾǼˡȥ֮ʰϸңʱ׼
ЩԸӣҪǰǰǻΪλƵŹȥãλҲҪˣɽҲҪˣȻһֻߣȰûô͵˷Ӳɵĵزˣ
ͿǴ򵽸ǰˣĻܵĻ᣿ĹĻж󣿣ҲģһںǶʰЩӾǮȥĶԺȡ
ľֻһ֣ʲô³֪ģԲһġ
Ǹеģ˵ҪձˣһЯһҰ˿ڼ漸ǧеһˡ
֮ͥæȥ׷û׷
¶ͥСԭһ˿ʤ㣬±Լ׶ôһ֣һָûˡ
Ψֹʣµļѧͥæϼӿأпɳ֮
ǵʣļӷӦҪЧ´ʱѾˡǸԸڹصҲԸǳȥı·
治Ǹʣҳݣ׶Ҳôݡ
˵״ϣȴû֯ͦĲ
̴ҩĹʿƲѪҲڲǴǰҪˡ
ʱǰߣļλϽ̴ָ㣬νҡ
²ûڣĳǳǵĽҲһһˡ
̴ôǳرȣԽӡ
һĵطҲǽӺױͥǹǺ޵֢ᡣǱˣ̴Ⱦʹ죬־ʹġ
ΨһðοǣЩеİնûܵǣ誸֤ĹľӾԲͨһһڳкΪ˲Ʋ
ڹ£Ĺ˵ڶϾû˵һһ£лûʲô˸Υ
ʿԭЩصģǰսɳʱûôĹأЩ˾ǿŴ̸ġ
ԭҲôһĹԱȽϣһװװʥˣöˣԵǲˡ
̴ˣһֻҪɱˡ
ܹ޹ģȻⲢ̴ֹҪִͥ
Լ֮·̴һ·߸ͽֱ˰ݣֱȡݣƽ
ױһˣǻҪˣ˵˳ɶˣľڡ
ѾıսȻԵĶʵ̫ˣ£Ҳûгסʧˡ
ļʮҲʧıˣû⼸ʮıɶ˵ǵͬһտӣûһв
ʧصգԾԳ͢ٻȥڳ¥
ЩѳĽкøУǵˣԸء誱Ըһᡣ
̴ֻؿһס
ͬΪ佫ȴûп˵һ仰һ㣬㹻̴ˡֻ誼Ȼ˵˺ᣬҲ˵ʲô
شǿУپðοһЩȻĹĴûһǺõģĹʵۿŻ֮ĵġ
Ǽãδһðѱ
ľڣֹ˰±ִɶ
ʱԽսԽ£˳ɶ֮ʿǣ޲³ɶ
誽˷˼ڣ˳ɶĹ֮ս
ʣı㳲Ȼ㶼Ҳɵвס
ֻ˰ձŲסˡ
ľӴӳӿ룬Ѹٰѿס˳иͨ
誵Ѹٴʳǡ
ͥǶš
ȰҪѳͥȻҲ̴ǰ͵ûõ̴Ѿˡ
ͥ롱һŭˡ
һԱ̴ָô
Ϊ˵꣬ؿڱһѵ
ͥɫȻ
̴س׵쵶ûһ˿ԥǵã˼ףǻòԡ
˵ǸѪĿ̴ָŵȥ
Ѫһء
ͥʿˮںˣ̴ĺ⻹ռͷ뵽̴ռȥĽ긮Եظ˾ͽ͸¶긮ɽͷĽ󣬾Ϳûбȡˡ


194 Ŀ 
ڧ
̴ŭ, ޲ó֮죬ȴԼɱ̫ϣǶνġ󡱶˼, ǳ˸Ļ
Ͷ, ̴ˡ
ԥ䣬ͥڽҪĵطĪڽ긮, ˳ɶʲô;˼ʮּҾ
Ǹ誶Աʹ˸ɫ
˼, 嵶һֱͥؿڡ
ͥ񾪲ؿԼؿڵĵ, ŵһߣʵʹĲ, ֱӵȥ
ιһڳæȣȻȴûǡ
ͥͣؿѪǶ̴ĺѾ, һ, ڸ̴ڿӡ, Ҳ̴ùģͥѵ̧, Ŀ̴ֱ
, Ĺ, , ǱΪ顣, , Ұģͼͳһ֮ơ
֪˶ɱġ
ֻǻ˵һ룬ͥȴ
̧еʱžһˤϣ۾Ծ˫ĿɫҰףҲû
ϣ
ι㶵ؽһûлӦ̽һ±ϢȻʹ
վˡ
ʣµĴ󳼣ͷļӣһͷʹޡǿȥͥʵڿԼǰ;δˡ̴ɱ˵ľǽձȻ׶༪١
˲£ǻû֪ȴԼľʲôԲŻӲӻ̿֡
һƬǱȴžһƬ
誳տȥʱ򣬷ֺü˸佫̴ԼĿ⸴ӡ
誴һ
ĵʣʥϿǲ
誼Ĳ״
Ҳ˳ӦˣԸǶɣʵʬҲҸطˡ
Ȼʲôˣˣ˲źá
誷ԸһĹ˶
ΪʼįĹѺˣǱ㽫Ļʹ˸׳졣
ӷſʼĹ̴˾֮ģֻ˵ԭо֮ģֻͥһ׽ìܼˡ
һ֮ǰԸһҲûѱնɱĶˡ
˾ͽѭնݳδԺ˽ҵͷ˷ˣǶɱ˲źáﲻŮһȥͥһҼһ˲ʣˣѾߵĴһҡ
˾ͽȿѰ޹һ֪һѾȥ˰ϡԷһ˾ͽ˼Ҽٰӣʱǰ׽סһҼڵ
ȥ˾ǲǴһң䶼Ѿ֪ûˣѾûˣһ˶ûˡ
˾ͽҵɶûʣ˴ӣһ˵׷ͥȥ£ƲЩΪģ˾ͽǷЩй֮ڣҳٽ̰µǮŲһЩڸ޽ѧУãҪȥ˰Ѹסġ
ֻǹЩ˾ͽߵĴ󽫾ʼղ֣˾ͽÿÿҪ䣺
ô࣬Ĺȴ޶ԣ¿϶թĹɶиͼı£ǻ㡣
˾ͽʣҪδ㣬Ѳ㻹ҪĹս
Ųӣ綼Ҫһսġ
һ·յñҲС
ԭΪƽͷƽǶ谭ʵڸӣû̴ֻƹءʧȻûʲôʧģ϶ȥ
һ·ϣǳǰͷģⲢŹǵĹ󣬹ǸӦǽѾ͸˵̴̴ҲһһǻûйҪˡ֮Կ̴ˬҲͥӰ졣
̽˾ͽķŵǽ󣿡
˾ͽֻѾȥ̽ˣûУձ֪
Ън󣬲ж٣ǽ긮ȻҲܷšڱš
Ҳ׷ʽһ¡
˳̴Ҳû˶˻ôֻ誵Ļ̴ҲûģֱӵмɽҲһЩǲ࣬ûǹʵ˵ǰš
һȻУĵˡ
ֻҪпǱ߱㲻βܵġҽ긮нҲܱҲУһûд򿪵ĺһʵڲ֪ͷʲô
Ҳǲ֪ŸγĹ׽
ǿǵģĹġ誾ЩԲס̴˵Ҫ֮ˡ
̴Ҳ֪йϣȻģȴҲ£ЩηǿȨִ֣ҼʮּҾҲôöԸġ
˵޻أҲƱػƣ
֪£ҲĿ˽ѡǳ֣ţ߱ػִЩǸĹڵһλ϶ԸΪ̴
Դˡ
ϻȥ֮䲻֪ʱ˹
Ǿһ˼ǵģ֪ԼȰˣԼ뵽뿮֮˼ά֮Ȼࡣ
ʥƺϻȥ˯ʥϣѵͲֹ
оȣĳ˺ģ
ڨЦһ漴ֹŮкܣ΢ҲҴ˴ι˳ֹ﹦ûĹжҲܽװ衣
Щ滰䲻֪뿮֮Ǹ˵˶ٱ飬ϤԼˡʵ֮԰̴ҲΪʵȱһʺĹҲȱá
ôһ룬־ãĶΪûʲôˣҶֹﶯ֣ʥϴ£΢ȶЧʥϡ
¶
ȥˣǣ¶
誻Ǿġ
Ȼ俪˿ڣ誱ûʲô֮ˡ
ʹĲʱ˾ͽԭҪú̽ؾô֡Ȼ誺̴ȴʼûӲ硣
չȥǴ긮нˣ佫̲סˡ
˾ͽǵĴ㣬β
ˣѿڶѵҪǽøĹ
ĹһǾƵģҪ˶֮أԭΪԼռ˱ˣ˭֪ǾһƬĹŲʵ򰵰ס̴˭֪ûн긮ֵǮ
£ĹǸӣǳӣҪķҧһڣ΢֪Ĺʵ˽٣Ը˺֮ûкƽʱˡ
˾ͽʼվš
벻ͨ˾ͽվ˾ͽΪһָıԼ׷
㰴˵ȥɡ
ڳˡ
磬̴еһһСִһʧ־ȻСɱˡ
Ѹٷѣվ̴˺


195 վ 
ĹӲܡ
˾ϲ, ̴ѦʵֶֱƢһըкеͣ, Ҳǽš
誻, Ȼ˵Ϣ͸Ϲˡ
֮ŷ֣Ѿˡ˵ȷǱɱ, ѰǱɱ鶼ּҾѲ˸ϵϾ, ǸСʱԱ߻վŲˡȺ鼤ߣ˵ʬڲϯϻδ, ô̧м䣬Ҳܻŵ, 調һ۱Ρ
εŨŨĻҩζǲȰһЩֻ½ձҪս誹˲ö룬æм, һѹһ, ص
, ʲô鲻ܺú˵ģ
ƢҲܹȰ˭ʶػһȭȥ˵ϻ
оһ󾢷Ϯ
ȭͷҪӵʱ, ͷļ䲻, Ӳסһȭ
һ
ɫ΢, һ, Լû
һ, Ŀڼʱ, ڽԭˡϻԵʱ˻ûôô񳤽Ķࣿ
˴ιǣ̴ǰ浲ţĹһ佫ûʲôӵأҲһǰ䣬δʲôʵı֡ˣײϣֱһκݺݵǿɺޡ
ЦЦֻЦô͸¶һȻĺ⣺
ȭۣɽǿЩ˱㲻ˡ
˵꣬һɡ
˳ջȭͷһ¹ؽڡ
һ£Ҳ誸ǰˣᣬǸñ̬ȣҪ誵˵ĵɣǸеĽһҲĸɽƾĹҲδɡһԱ󽫣Ǳ˵ɱɱˣʵǿɶĽɱգǲǻҪɱʹȥ
ѦŭӿǺġ
Է˺ѦȻԼˣֱһɺԣֻ˵ɱĽôʾ˰ٰȣ
һҪڣһ֪ôģ
㡪ѦʻĿһɡ
˵ˣֺͦá
׳ʵֱѦԸ߰ͷվǶһŨŨѹټǱǿ׳첻ģǽ˺޵
Ѧ̴ֻ޲ܵɱ
СȴҲʲô۸۸ġ
誼Ʋãæš
֪ζ̴ף˼Ұ˾ⷢӣһ˳Ľڹ긮˳˳ճ֮ء֣ǵԸ
Ҳ֪򽲵ǲеģӷſʼһֱԣ˾ͽ׷ʵ֮£ҪֵճΧ˴˼Ҳ˹Ľ飬״»СС»ˣˣóǸٽ˵ĽǴþˣιֳѵδҵȿѣ
˾ͽۣòųѣձ֮飬Ҳѵ
֮⣬ǲˡ
̴һӾͻˣΣ
˾ͽشǶδڣЦһվ˳ɱȻδгرǾӪͷɱǱսϷָʤҲ佫ѪԶûаɣ
Ȼ޳ܵ˼˵ʵʧˡǶʧԼǿֻ´¾ߥ޵ģʧ˾ͽԭͷݺأе֮˾ͽ
ڴ֮ǰһ뽫ѣҲΪ֮ǰ꣬˾ͽеܻŹͷûֵù档
ҲãԳȻ˺ˣ㶼ûʲô˼ˡ
˾ͽشǣһҪս
˾ͽصֻΪһ˵
̴ЦǰӰ
ѦҲ̲סˣһ䣺ǹʵԣҪ긮ĽˣαôӡЩСһİϷΪ˿
߳ŭֱӵҿڸģȻˣ֮սϼ
ȻڣҪͬʱΪУ
˾ͽһ誣Ŀ
ڻ̲ס
شǵĹ޹ء
ĹϵǳĹϲӲܡִ⿪սĹط㵽ף
ɫ䣺֪һ֮ѣ
ĹĹʵĿɺǱ»˵ѣǻû֣⡰ѡȴȶǶˡ
ΪǱ¸оֵ
վ˳˵Щ
Ҳ䣿˻ųһ֮ʲôҪ¹
ͷһǿĽж
䷴ֳ齣ֱҽҲδ
߶ţţһ
課ڴ˶̴Щֶβ˾ͽȰ˼䣺
ս²ϣֻѾвٿˣ»ϢĺãαƵƵս¡ӮȻãˣܳŵסŵסܳŵ˶ãʳӦˣǱӦˣǻڹӦˣ
ĹβܣҽĹȫ֮ӭ֮Ĺǿ㣬˲żüãһұգѹ¾ôȷԼһӮ
˵꣬誱һˣԾڴˣҪսĻĹǲµġ
߲ԶǸɤȰ˾ͽҪƻˣֵʲô־Լơ
Ц֪¶һ̶š
һ챻ϿˣҲΪЩս
ˣҲͲԸ˵ˡ
˽ҳĽװҹ˻ȥ˳ɶֱ긮һˣһ߲ñ
ûŲ˾ͽˣʣĵҲáɶҪˣǴǭݵȵأȴ˲ٱڴˡ
һ뽭긮̫ԶռЩطҲڿؽ긮شҲǳ˲ġһϢգ
̴ƽﲻǵΪÿ龫ǣҲͦǸġϾΪҲЩ
Ļ᲻ܲ˴̫ˣʵڲҲһӣĻ˵֮֡
̴նڵǣÿÿۣ˾ͽ׻᲻ñ
ÿÿҡͷ᲻ñȡĹвж󡣱ߵʱ˵ôвĻ治ȷ˾ͽȥ١
ԸЩηġֻҪη壬ս³
л˵
ŴʵģΪ˾ƽô
⣬Ǿ䡰ҽҲδԬܸ׿аԭ


196  
ıҪԡ
ڴݵȵزñ, ֪ġҲΪ֪Խͬʱ־, Լʦˡ
Ĺδ, ˽ռüݣǽڵϲȣ
شȻҲһΪȣ佫Ȼһ·, 佫ĹĹһǴ, ش̲ס˵һ乫Ȼռ˼ݣɶǷˡ
ΣԸŵ, ûб
شǾúЦ⻰˵δ̫ɶϵù, ռ˴ݵȵؼ飬ѲĹôǴ
ͷһڽ⻰㲻ˣةô˵˻վһߵģ
Ҳ°ˣλ˵ȷʵЩƫ
֪ƫָʲôԼˡ෴, شĹ, ԵñġǴǰڲԭϵʱ, ֻһͳϱͲһĹ, һ, õȵʲôʱ
κشǶҡ, ةǿ, Ĺһ·, Ѿǲʵˡǵ, Ըƽ֮㲻Ϊ˳ǷĿȱɼǻԹˣʼǸᣬһٶ˳ĹһͳҵⲻҲǣһֱԸ𣿡
˾ͽսȭͷ⻰˵ˡ
һͳϱȷһֱӲԭôĵطһչ׳ռĴƬأģͳһϱԼͼҵ
شǼ˾ͽˣ£ͳһҲһʱͳϽɵزãĲ룬ٷս£ֻ»ðջֲ̿¶ȷʵս£ǵźá
ȣﻹȵˣ󽫾ɤӵ²ףܴˣҲĹ仯ж˭֪껹ܴܲӮ
˵ָ꣬˾ͽǧҪʧΪ
˾ͽࡣ
ȻȷʵǿսĺûᣬĹѾ˷誻ȥض±ڳһǵľҪˣʵ£Ҷս¸ͣս𣬳ҰⲢƺʵʱڳɶ뽭긮޶ٵ·̣ǴҲδ˶ʿ񶼻ڣչգʳҲ㣬⣬㹻ǿսһ֮á
桭˾ͽȷ֮ԼܲеĹ佫ԣĹı仯ĿãǼĳ첻ģ
վǸƽͷ󻼡
ϲϣҡ̼䣬˾ͽ˾ϣչ׼
һ󼤶ҪȴĹȴ
˾ͽɣȹɡ
Ҳ뿴誾᲻㾡һ֮άĹЩĳ佫ԸԸ˱ӻһûʲôϵڹ
Ķ󣬵ģǰ˲ȸնңԳɶߵһж誸ձյ
֪ڲճɶ誱֪ⳡ̿ǲˡ
˾ͽСӵ׻ˡûԣ
ٺ̴֮誱
ԥҪҪٰģɺˣˣϾҪˣʲôأ
ǻٰǣҲһҪۻģţ䡣
ֻҲ֪񲢲Ǵ̵ĺʱĹŸոٵľ󣬰Ҳڲ̼ܶҵŸոտʼɫתͷҪİİʨЩȫȫûпɱԡܿŻȴδܿŻڻ
ڵ֪ڵҩ֮誸ǡ
ôһô֪ˣͲڹʱõôࡣΪͽˣ˭֪Ÿոտʼ
УҲ֪Ǻ課ȹĻĹ»ͬЭȵУı֤Ҳǲŵġ
̾ʱ򣬷뿮֮Ѿҹ̣ϵǡ
ͬһĻвƴֵĳš
Ȼˣ誻е㷢£ҹ˹
뿮֮ŷ糾͵ظ˹誼Ƕ˵ʱ򣬷ƽŵˣ¶꣬һȶûˡ
ֵô۳Ҳûô졣
ûǹ
뿮֮ĨһŵҲ֪ԼжǱҲ˲ˣæе誣
Ϣ̫죬ͬǶ㵲ѣЩԽǾȻ˺ʱΪս벻սֵ֮ûг
֪һͷ£Щ˱ضҪʼ課ڳãҲĵôµĽķң
ŶͷоԼȻЩͷˣȺ˹ȻǸУǴС£ܳ
뿮֮һɫſ˿ڣʵҲǡ
̧ͷ˳һ쬵۷磺ѵޣ
εؿһ£ȻҲִܹ԰ˣкδֻǴ±ϾǳģҲ֮֡İգˡдǲ²ܻųĹѣϲ˵ˡ
뿮֮˵ҷŹʱ˵ѾҪˣ
誳صص˵ͷ
뿮֮̽Ҫȫų
ٴγصص˵ͷݺܲ
ְĶһۡιֻΪһ̽ʵΪʥϵ¡
뿮֮ʱλĽʥǵĳĲ룬Թ΢ȵһߡ
誳ɣʲôߣ
򵥣ȡֹˣ֮ܽá
ʧ㣬ˣ
ͬĶԻҲڽ긮
̴˺Ѧ˵Ļ֮󣬼ֱ÷˼ǶҪ˴򵽸ǰˣ˾Ȼпղ¶Щʱ
Ѿ볯͢Ǳ֪ͨʲô̬ȣȰʱҲǸĵӦ֣ȥһϵҲ޷
̴Σźſ˵ʲô
ֻǺûпڣϵѦ˾Ѿ̲סˣﻹõŶ˵أĹʥϲףĹĸԸǶȹѹأѲ¹Щ˶ɵӣ˼ĸԸûеڱĺ¶ǿƾܴĹ𣿱ĹΪ˼ҰǵĵطѾˣѵػǳֳ
̴ʵƿԡ
ڹĹڣһʧ֣ĹҲΣˣĹûвǵɣ˽Ĺûϵ˼ҲȷʵûΪӭս
Ѧ˳ûһҩĹʵ۶ûм˵˼ѾάôţһǲϲǷģǷ˼ô࣬ʲô
Ѿʧȥ˿˵ĻᣬãѦ˾͹ˡ
л˵
Ѧˣڴ߻ϣһܶ䡣


197 ý 
ʽ
Ѧ˱Ͼչ˹̴, ̴ͬĸвǳĽ飬Ļǧپ仰
̴˵֮㲻, ѦҲ֪̲ĵ, һ䡰˼뿪ˡ
״Ҳ뿪˴
˱ǰ˸Ӵһȥģ֮Դյһ, ҲԵ
ѦҲǰͬţѦ, ΪĹˣʼմһݽ䱸Ѧû飬Ѧ˸, ͷһ棬̴С
ʱѦ˸պڴ߻, Ҳ˳츽һ䣬һ䣬˶һۣ˴˺ȻᵽͬϢѦÿÿ߻ʱ, һ
ǰǼζһЧ, , ̴̬ƺѾȥˡ
˹һ䣺, տҪȰ
, ˵Щ͹, յȻͨ, û׼ἰһ¡Ѧ
оȡ
ѦЦЦǵڶŮ鳤һϲͨ, ˬ, ָƵģίԼǲϲĹʥϣἸ
Ȼ˼ҵİ˵Щ˼ģѦ˵ңǵһ򶼽ذհΣıʲôҪأǰˣֻǻûƵϣΪ˳صİΣԼǵµأǧСȥ
γϣأ
ڳǵǹƥʵվŵ˿в٣Щˣָɴء²⣬˵̴뿮֮˾͸Ǳ˵Լʥˡֻǲ֪ߣ˭һ
λȲ˵˭֪ŹֵӾôģߵĳӣȴںߴ٣˲붯Ҳö
û취ʵǵͣܲһӲװɣ
Ѧ˵ֳ֮˺һۣ˵ǲǻδף
ΪʲôȻ˸¶
Ѧ۾һԭΪǸѲ˾ȻδȢޣ
Ѧ˵Ŀ̫ˣòͣǰƶȢޡ
˼ҵףȴ־ûҪˣһ˶ĵҲͦá
Ѧ˶ʱȤǰƶͷΪλȢޣܲһӹ¼ҹˣöպʶһĹңòѧǳûģΪǰ£һֱδˣ뺫˺䡣ұ溫࿴࿴
ͷƤһƽ˹Ӷ˲סˡ
ȻѦ˲Ųô룬ԹԵİ壬ⶨ»ؽصø£
˵꣬Ѧ˱ͷҲصûܾĻᡣ
ԭã񷽲ᵽʲôаʯͷԼĽš߻ߵͷǣǸ˷
ḧŶͷ治֪Ǻˡ
һߣҲ֡
գǷ뿮֮Ż䣬ⶼǰ̸һ¡ɶһģֻδһңǲпĸԸȥųΪմײʣ˭Ըƴƴ
˵һЩǵҲ֪˵û
ǣҲ̫ˡ
̲סһ䣺ˣǳ֮ΣʵڲǾΪ
뿮֮üһʥô˵˵¶бͷˣǴûֱӾܾ˼ûг֮Σ
뿮֮Ц͵ȵèһֳ誼üŪۣô֪˼Ҳأûᡣ
誵˼ΪƳ֮أҲһ֮ˣǼ޵Ҫӣйѹܣպûû׼Щٹٵοգ
뿮֮΢Ⱥʱǰˣ˵ˣ⻰˵ҲԣԳĺôĿõģǽغ϶ΪһҲ׬ˣԺĹĻʵųѪĹĵҲǵĵֻ̡ý긮ǼؾͻĹϱĴƬ˭׬ˣһĿȻ𣿡
뿮֮˵һԼ˵̫еˣԼ߿ˣǣȴռıˣôĹҪָˡ
û뵽˵˵զһͦеġ
뿮֮ѭѭգýȹȥ̽һҲǺõġ
誻ǾòãôǱ˼ϣ޳ܡ
ģûô޳ܡ
Ҳϣȷʵõİ취ˣܹǰ⡣ǰ誱ǳ׶ҪȢһԼġ̴ͺܺʣֻǣ誾Լڸϲ̫ԣ̴ͣάôһϲȴȣ֮󣬴̴ֻһؼëĻ
ϾĲó¶
ʼնھᣬ۷뿮֮ôȰò⡣
۵÷뿮֮ȣ˵Ŀڸ촽ƤˣȴһչûС
̴ȴ誸ɴˣһȨ̴֮ýʹȥ
ͨˣȥ˳ӱģѡȷľ
Ĺȷ࣬׼Գ̴֣ҲָĹԮǣһⶼӭж⡣ֻǿͬһϣͬˣС
޸誣һ㶼û׬ˣԸ課Ҫ׸
ôһ롣̴û벻ͨĵطˡܹҪ׵ģһԼ˳۵ģ񲻱äƼǿĶࣿ
̴죬ϳ˶Ļ£¶û˭ǷԵġ
̴ý˸ʹѾ׵ʱ򣬷뿮֮ȲһӵؿԼʥϡ
û룬ĵһǾˣóס
׶Ҫ˼Ůᣬʥж಻ðǴ֪͢Ҫô˵Цء
誱ҲҵκģȷϣǳԼ˼
Ǳĳ͢Ƶģ
ʹæȷʵǱµ˼ҵҲǱģʥǲţ뿴顣
æʹһˣǱʼ̴ıʼ
誰ٸнôҪ£ΪӣȻǱ֪ͨһѡ̴һ¸ɴ࣬оʵЩ΢
û˵ء
뿮֮ҲùûӵģҪôһȣʥȻˣ۴ĸ濴óס
һοɲڶΣ뿮֮æʾ調Ӧ
誾ùֵֹģ˼ҹҶѾ¸ˣǼʼղһȷ̬ȣҲ̫ˡ
ӦˣӦˣ÷뿮֮ŸϽȥ׼Ƹǰȥ˵ס
²ǶڵĲ£֪뿮֮һ˶ˡ
챣ӣȻʱӣʥϣǿҪ޳ȥˣԸмʲôʣʥʵʵسɻɡ
ˣٲЩٹûἱ


198 ս 
ܳʱ
̴Ǹ, ҲǸɴˡ
񣬴Ѿƽˣܻųа, ʵҪŰ, ǳ֮ԶԶģĹΪĹȫȫذǣ̴ֱӱʾ, ֮󣬳֮ؾĹ, ҲΪĹա
¶̴飬˾ϣ֧˷, û취ıȶĽ֡Ϊ㣬Ѿõѡ, ܲӲţȻֱӱ˰ɣ
ͶĹǲѶΪ֮Ҳֻܳ
лв, İյһؽáѵʱ, ܹĹ͹ʳ, ĹȻ׽ңѾҪ, ԺһһҸûʲô, ǲĹ֮, û׼ĻܸһЩ
ϱ, ϵĲֻĹ
˵֪, ʵҲȻ, ˭˭ãﶼƵġ
ҲΪ̴⳨֮٣ǰ˵׵ķ뿮֮аοûôȺˣȥ׵ʱ˼Ƣõ佫ＷҾĹռǵıˣ뿮֮ûһƽϡ
ڹϣƽʲôأһƽǺò׵ȵĻʺƽûˣĹˡΪ֮ƣ¶ס
뿮֮ĿĹί˵ףеҲίǰ˵ϡ뿮֮ȨνǾ޴ģеһдС¶˵һ˵
뿮̴֮ڣֻһĹ㽫Ūˣö˳׵ĸϸڣԭȵҲһ˵ֻһһдӼ
̴ŵõصս½֮񣬲뿮֮ǵȲˣ˵Ĺĳ͢һ̶Ȳˣֻ뾡»ʺӭͷ̴öֻҪ˻ʺǾָ
ʺһУ
뿮ֵ֮쳣ᶨھͿߣҲԽԽãڣҲӰ첻ǿԣ뿮֮޲̴̳ס
ֻϧ֮²Ը
ѾǲĽˡ뿮֮˳ϲϢҲ˾Ļڡ
誼ڶº󣬲üֻ׼᲻̫ˣǱæù𣿡
ʥδ̫Сǣһ˵缸Ϳʼ׼ˣֻǿһֱûлʺѡµʱ䣬㹻ˣ´ࡣżһЩʵҲˡ
誵һγ׵ʱ򣬱»ҪżǻǳϲǾȹΪʥϵĻһαһγأ
뿮֮еѽ⡣
誻˵⣬һ̴ΣΪǿ֮һǳ͢׼Ļ᲻ᵡ˼ңһ׼Σ᲻ͻȻ͹ǣ⧲
һһ䣬µòУ뿮֮һ£һʥϳɻʱ򣬿ûô¡
ɼɻĶͬԶǲһġ
ô˵ǶģҲʼ׼ˡ
Ϣеʱ䶼һƬظķΧУԼ׻ˡ
ڶ죬ĹбֽԼͬر飬ǺĹ֪ʥϼӭȢһ»ʺ
һʱ˵硣˿ʼΪγ͢ͻȻϢɻΪβڱĹŮͷʺ󣬷ǵôӳѡСϢʥǸ֣ôʼδȢΪ˵λ
Ƕİ£ûã誸̴Ϊԭ͵ĸֻҲˣЩдĸƵģ˻ر࣬˿ֱ֮Ϊ棬ÿնΪĪȴһ۵İ겻ѡ
ʥϵȢ֮·̫ˣ챣ӣϽʥϱ˹ɡ
»ʺ󲻽߹ʥȽᣬ󷽣Ҫ֮ضױˡ
£ֻֽδᣬֻ֪ôһˣ󲿷ֵİջδţڵ֪϶ΪһʱԼռ˺ôıء
Ĺͬ죬ȴյյԡ
ϢҲղŴģȻ֮УҲ㹻Ĺˡ
ûʱһôѾ˻ԼӲӲˡ
ڵ֪Ϊһ֮жڽ.Խǿˡ
ֻǸӣҪԸĹûĹȫǱ²ܳƵ¹
ͳһԸû˿һǿҹ
ãʳպˣ¾㱸ֻǷ硣
˾ͽһ£ƺƵشӳɶֱƴݡ
Ҫ׹³
˳ܳʱ


199 ֧Ԯ 
ʼǡ
Ѿǳ, 붬֮ǰûнչĻʿزܡ
о̣ѰĪڶˡѩ, Ҳܰ˶
ԺشǲŲͬǽ, ȻͬⲢܸıʲôشܹĳȴЩһе佫ûʲô취˵ıмֵ
, սݡ
ʵҲûʲôýġڴһõı࣬ҴҲûʽӹ, һ߰ˣ˹ˣ, սˣαסҪ
һ, ʿǡ
˲ٰǿ飬Ϊشǵһ仰ֱӶЩʿǰ̡
شǸ˾ͽһֻȸ, ƽ˽ѵһ佫ͬ, ٹ, ó̽顣սѱ課ὫЩ̽ӷľ, ò
Ϊһ, Щľٵò, Ҫôȥ˵, Ҫôǵȷ, δ˵ҪĹһڻ
ⶼС¶, Ȼشȸ֮ȴʼûôģܾνȸֻ˺ЩùСϷΪŪģھԵʵǰǸֽϻˡ
ҲةദСģűСë˵ӡ
ݸ֮佫Ǳ㿪ʼ˾ͽǰ˹֮ǰľûдǳƹô׾ٵոݣ
شǸѶ񶼻û긮ء
ҲˣϾܹˡ
ش̾һԸүǾǵģ붬֮ǰ½긮㼬ˡ
ش˽˾ͽ۹ı۱ĻȻѹĹӹɵģĹǱ궼ѡὫ죬Ĺ˿ҲֻôࡣжսҲǲǵġ
ɲǽ긮ĹǱߵôһֱӹ£ҲͰˣǲһ£ĹľӺԶʤǣʳĹʵ̫࣬ǶǸգȥĻضҪԿġ
ǵսپҲȷ᳹һսԣˮ·ñ٣ܿ˽긮⡣
̴ؽ긮
ڴ֮ǰһ̴ּҾʵףڹʱսպգҲûʲô𣬽ͬʱȴԶ˼ҡ
ʿ쳣ս׽ʵѶԸ
̴ʶףæ˻˳ǣûпţ˲űȫ˴󲿷ֵı
ʶҲ̴֮СĽаֵ©Ĳ࣬ûĹû׼ڶ֮ǰǣֻǻͻһ·ߵˮ·죬ĹԮһʱҲˡ
ǵͷڹ꣬С˼γ֮޹ڳ̴
ѪԵģͲӭս
ȻһƢôõ̴Ȼסˡ
Ȼֻأܴ򣬴˾ٲֻһˣԳȥһսǧǧİգֻš
Ѧʿ治˯š
ˣæֻسǾͺˣĹԮձܵŹգˡֻҪϵգ˭ʤ˭һ
Ѧ磺ƣǣ¡زס
̴ȻȻΣҲס
˲ˣ긮һûǾû·ˡڣƽصЩ˲һҲľڹ£ˣΪβУ
ˣǺҲ֪ƽصգǽ긮ܱȵġ
Ҳ֪ڽ޹֮취ҹＯлֱӹǡ
ʿڹǾ鼫Ϊḻһϣ긮Σǵɱʵ̫󣬱¶СҲߡ
ʮ̴֣վڳѲӡ
һϵĽս̴Щ⽭긮ļŸһƬǽ壬Ѿжʿ˽ģ́ߵñ㲻˲Ķ࿴һۡ
ǶǻˣȴΪҰһҹ֮û
֪ʱӺͷ˳ҹδۣɫ԰ף̴ǿӣȰȥЪϢ
˯£
ûô
ΣֻȰõġ
̴˳ǣû֮ǰҲôģһսȻʵǣ̫ˡ
̴ȵԼıֵҹҪǣĳаգڳŴһ֮󣬹˲Ϣֱȥ˳аա
һ¶棬ڰ˵õĶ裬ԭЩƻҪߵˣ̴عǣҲҪߵ˼
̴ֻǰŸհаգűʼٴιǡ
Ҵ˴ιȱҪǿ
̴ת뿪ֱȥ˳¥
ȥ֣֮ŴȻ˻ڡ
һһҸһķ뿮֮ţ׼ܵȦſ̴
Ŀԡ
ȣ̴㲡
ɵرţֻһ˳ŴҲ˵;̴ȴһˣֳǹսһҹҲɲ䡣
һʱ䣬Բλࡣ
Ͻǰ̴ĿУû˰ɣ


200  
򰵵
̴עȴͷ, ΪĹǺȻֹͣˡ
ĿЩϣ뵽ŹʱЩ˹
ղΪЩŪ, ³Żʧ, ŽϵظϹӦЩڵ
һʱУϢˡ
誼, һ䣺ûУ
̴ڻعֲԾ¡
, ִק˳ʳָһ˿ڣѺۼ, ʳֱָӻġСĴֵָָҲҵó״
˻調Ŷоۡ
̴ûʲôӦ˵ֻǼҳ㷹, ݣ벻˼ǲܵģСˣûʲôӰ죺, Ǳʯͷҵ, Ӧþͺˡ
ձãںŪ˭, Ͻȥһ¡˵̴ܾ꣬, ذͷȥ
оҽ, ÷Ҫ, ʲô
ԭ課, ȻѾ˻Լ, Ҳ̴ܷộԼӡ
ķ뿮֮Ŷһ, һЦ
ʥ֪ˣлԼûлԼǲһҲһ˼
ԼˣǵĹͣ˼ףʥϿϣ֪Ҫȵʲôء
˵Ż˻Ųȴһ㶼ûͣ
طǽʵΣգͷЩǵʱֱǲˣҪһСıͶʯͷУǾֻһغˣңĿȫǡ
ǹʱ·ܿ޴ʯ飬ϹġЩʯΧһѪ֪ʯ֮£ϸ첲ȶõģеֱȫʬ
ûȳĳŴ̡ҲΪˣӲ޳ǰߡǰЩ֪ضҪһ
뿪Ѿˣʱû֪ᾩǱߣҲ֪ˣ͢ͷ˵ֵء
汻Ÿµˡ
ĹѾһˣǶ˽ǰ긮һºǵǣӲΣǽս¶ʱĹûʲôϵʵǵδĻʺֱɾӹȥԮͳˣαؽԼվأ
Щһһ䣬ųһ綼û徻ǴɹʶҪ誻ǺųЦˣ
Ϊʥϻǵģ
˵䲻ãƾʥӣ溦µĻʹظˣڳ˵ľǲ˵ġ
ЩôƾʲôãԼ˵ĻʥϾһδʥ̫á
ڳһ·統ͷȣĿɿڴһʱˡ
ͷҲǣʥϼʱǵģ
ųһ̾ʥϼȲԸߣֻܰĳǾ˵оˡ
»ͷѷģۡǱֽ˵ɲ͸¶һҪ͸¶Ҫסġ
ҡҡͷʲôܼȻסģһǰʧΰġ
İɣؿ϶صסģزʧǵľѾصľҲ½˴ֵʳԱ裬ƾЩڣʱӦù½긮ʱһǸǲ
ų䲻ڽ긮ȻǱʲôսȻء
һų˽ΪͬĹָơ
ֻЩʵǴ󣬱ǰͶʯʮ౶ֹЩԼ֮󣬱ûжٵʿ긮š
˾ͽżʿȷ棬ݣֱӳȥֵĹĻ˺ĹĻڡ
ȴɺôڵܼģţƺĹռϷ硣
誴ǾسǷľ鲻ּҾ칦Ӳص岨ơ
Ҳ˶Ѱˣ߻ûǰͷţлڿѾŵĴˣӪҲһٻ˺ü
ѾЩˣ˾ͽܿѹȥĹĻڻƵغȥ֪ĹĻڵҩʵޣ񽫻ؼҲΪ˸Ǳͷˡöã˾ͽʵ졣
ĹȱҩȱҵſɣһĹĵҩûˣѵǵĹơ
˾ͽһ߲սһ˸ݺͶʯ׼һιǡ
Ҳ¾ù£տսʳѾ׼ˡ
С޴£˾ͽҲȷڶ֮ǰܲ½긮ˡòµĻ綼ȫ׼
ľȻǴڿʼ˵ģȻҲǵأ˰Ѿ̰һͨʣµһ㶼ǰˣֻԸﱸ
ĶҲ죬վͽһа׵׼͵긮⣬Թʹá
Ǵʳ֮󣬸𽻽ͷˣһ۵Ĺȸ


201  

شյʳѾҪ˳Ϣ, ȥ˾ͽˡ
˾ͽڿɳݶࡣ
һССĽ긮ȫ, ֻձ¡Ĺ, ˶ʮôĻڣסӽĽŲ˾ͽԭ誶ĹЩ, ĹȻά, ˾ͽһֶˡ
ЩûٳԿͷǻǵ͹ǻڵΪǰ浲, Եֿ˺Ȼ޴󣬷ܵ, Ƕʧˡ˾ͽ۲գֽ긮ŴĻںһαȴˣһǹǣ긮δȫû, Իڿͷ, Թʯ˾ͽϣ, ãĹڵĴӦѾҪûˡ
Ҫ, Ǽӿ칥, ǵĻڳϨ
ıͬն, ˾ͽҲ, Ĺûǻ, ĴֱӴٰ, Ĺ
ս£ش˵ʳ£˾ͽȻһ٣תʣ⸺ˣɻȫ
ܵĶǳд󳼣ֻǾС䣬ˣֻһСǴйġ
йģҲ۵Ļ
֪ΪΣ˾ͽܸоЩǼӽ֮ڽʳ˵˴
գˮ·ĻҲ㹻ˡشǲʱ⣬˾ͽǣʵǵĹʹթ
ǵܴĹϢĹδǾУЩʱշƽ˾δһϸʵڽǡ
˾ͽµǻиͼıԲŲصô
شֻһ룬΢ȥѰɽþһСΪϡ
˾ͽ˵ͷĵȴû誵˽⣬˿Եù졣ű¶Ż֪ȵʲôʱͷԣ˾ͽŽ긮ٴη͹
誵ִｭ긮Ѿʮ֮áʮգնڴҪֱӻٰţսϵۣʵڲʺϾ
˵ʵҲµĲˣҲý̴һ˾Լˣ˵Ļʲô
ֻһǿһգҲоЩˣҪǡڵĵҩҪûˡ
̴Ҳע⵽ˡ
ջڵҩû֮誸ϽҲһһĪչĵģ̴ָ֪ϻˡ
ϱʸʯ˵ʿ͵ﰲú̴һ
ʼ֮󣬳Ĺˡÿһ˱һңһҲҪˡ
̴Ȼϣʿװ׶ֻҪһפսһղܽ
һ˳̴֮Ѱһط׼Լ侲侲
û侲ã㱻ҵˡ
Щ̴յ״̬ܲԾѰ˹
˳̴ߣƣݸһ𣿡
̴ҡҡͷֵս£˾Ͳˡ
誵ǹơ
ߣҲǳζˣʵҲȲýơ
̴ĬŽӹһڷֶǹζζȷʵϲĿζʧЦ漴뵽Ĺƣ󻹲֪ܲܺȵҲЦˡ
̴ųţȻһ£˱𣿡
㵣Ľ긮ᱻƣ
Զ׼
Ҳ̫ƲĹˡ
̴뵽ǼʮѾûĻڣɵǲûеҩ𣿡
˭˵Ĺֻڵģ
誶̴е㲻һһصſɣϷſء
ԸǴӮģʱ͵ȡôõȸʱ򷢻ˡ
߾һһʳͷ׼ɽ
֣ºҲ켣УֻǶˣ׽ȥ͵ȵС䡣
º˵Ҳ˵ҲöԲűƸγΪӵġ
һͬ׽ȸԼĪʮˣʣµĻɢӪС
ս̽ӱѰ£һ̽ӣֻܴЩϢˣºȣҪȴǶǵʳ
ЩǷСȡ˵Σ翴ʳ£ҲٽˣԾ˼Ա߶š
ºһӦǣһ߸˰Żơ
ʮʳҪ͵긮һģҹ̡
ºסصľ٣ȡһʱ䣬֣ǡװ֮ºѯʵؿ˿յһ϶Ŀ֮󣬲Ž䵽
ˡ
һ·ˮ·ƺƵǰ긮ֻǲԼʱͷʻˮ˱ͻȻִսˮˡ
⻹ˣʮ
װĿɶʳˮϣ©ˮĻЩʳɶˡ
УҲֻºڵ˿ûжԵù졣
ȵͬһϵ˷ӦʱºȺȻ֡ʮȸ̵̼˴϶ʮʿֱӽӽ˽
ʿ߽ˮŻȻˮ̫ǻܳһУĹϸ
ǲ¶ˡºתͷŻһ䣬²¿жѾ߷ˣ
˵գºҲȥЩɫˣֱӵͷ˴ȥ
ٲߣǵԮˣɾ߲ˡ


202  
򹥳Ϊ£Ϊϡ
Ҷ˴ǽ, ºؽ£׼ֱȥǡ
Щʱݵı, һϾͷšΪڶ鵱ȡ˵, ºȸ֪˶ٿ࣬ѵʱҲȲЩӳԵĿͷ
ıûǵ˿֣뻹ž͸ðǶɱˣ
ºڴͷ, Իһ䣺ɱˣɾû˴ˡ
ô˶ˮ, ܻȶ˻һأºȻϣǶˣٵһ, ϢȥӪͷ
ºߵüԮûҲˡ
⴦ȻԶͷ, ǰ߸պ·һֻѲߵĶ飬˺ȣæǰȥӪȡ
˴룬ͷʳֱӳˮȥ, ˮôһ, Ȼ¶١˼ҹ, Ҳʮ֮һЩʳѾ˳, ֻҲᷢù
úõһ׮, ȴŪ⸱ģ, ˱ŭˡǱжЩʳ, ˽֪, ʳû, Ƕܷ
»ǿЩʱ뵽ЩǰµĻ˸Ͻɸ봫飬׼ϢݵӪͷ
һ磬˾ͽյȳϢ
һƬȻĹĺһ㡣ȲԼΪĹ̫ڼթ˷ʤ
ǽİѾ֮ǰˣôʱ䣬Щ˾ȻһֱǱھӪУȲϢֲðͷÿվ͸ѰһԹ˵һڵصٻп뵽Ǽϸأ
߷߲ƽȺĹʵǸֻлЩĹϸдˣĹϸѾ˾еľ٣ǸҪСĽǧǵĵ
ֻ˾ͽشǲλһ͸˾ͽƴĽԴŵ˵ĻѾмĵĶǼ˵˵ƽ￴ǾЩԾμɵúܣû׼ͱĹˣ磬ھץ̿򣿡
˾ͽţȴĹһɣ˵ֻ֮Ĺơ
òܣơҲ͸¶ְɣûУ̸䣿΢ⲻЩĹϸҪҫ˵©졣ôСһΪ
Ǿãһбļϸ
ֻϸ֪ںδлǼñǣǵĻҪǴң
׽ϸ˾ͽشȴĿʳϡõʳǾаĿһûˣôӱ𴦲ϡ
ֲֻĹô֡ǰڱʱңûжũռ֮󣬵һӵ˺ܶĵأҲ˲ճɣֻھʵֹѹ֮͢ĵʵڲǼһľ϶еģֻǰ껹޷Ĺأ
˾ͽ˼룬ǾرȵµʳٴӸظľ
սΪҵһӣôҲóһɡ
˾ͽشһּ轱֮Ӳμӿƾ٣볯١
֮Ĺ߾һĹٸҲܿõϢϽ֪͢
ûҲ˵ˣһ⣬ȥ˹˻ϣĺ¶
誶Դ˺ģ̴ſɣضܴڲ߽
̴ŰɣЧ
誹ȻֻҪĶҡˣʲôǴ򣿡
ûΪȱʳǵƵʶΪҲû˵
û˰ʳͱǳ׶
Ҳֻձ
˻ϵּ֮ϵعԱ
ĹĶ·ڵطԭȶأһΪȻͬӪսǳ͢£˵⻹ǵġ
һȻҲͱˡв˶ĹϴԡԭҲöЩʳʲôҲУЩȴԩͷ
ս˭˭ӮһĹǱߵĻжҲ֪ġⶼ೤ʱȥˣ긮û£ֻľҲûдеôⳡ̣֪ô򵽺أѵǾһղձǾ͵һֱʳ
ս˽ĵôȱΪβñصʳǶʳţأǿɲʳܱ
ɵľˣҵҲû˼ǵĺãһˣָű˻ǵͬ忴
Ĺ˵Ļġ
˻ͷһ룬Ҳȷʵ
ôһھ˱һ٣˭Ҳ뵱ԩͷЩĹ˵һôȱĻΪβӱ߽أ
Щ˰ʣµҲɵģȻҲʼװˡװˣҲЩʳӣ
͢δõֺá
ʳû赽һӵ
Щھɢҥԣ˵ǵʳҪˣ½긮ǵö
ľмϸ֮󣬲Ȼŭֱ˲飬һ飬֤ݾȻ֮ǰɵǼˡ
һŭ֮£ֱӴǵȡ
֮ûɱǣΪϻ˾ͽǹ˼˾ͽġ
ǲˣȱȴδõƣҡشǵȲ֪ٴΰʿΪЧٴιʧܡ֮һ֮ʿеǸˡ
һһ̴ôãѾҪ붬ˡ˵ֻ͢µʳѾһˣȵ˶֮ǻʲô
Ҫǣǰ죬ܴӮĹ˵Ĺʮıڽ긮˳ǣҲδܴӮ
誴ӽʱʿıֹЩ׼ӦЧˡ
ֻǹ֮ƣſʼء
ôֵˡ


203  
ļ
֮, óĹ϶µĹԱó
УųĹеıֽ˰, ʼĴĹ, ĹıٵҰͬ۵ǣûһǲġסһγ, ųڱֽϴؿһʥ쵼зδĻʺǶı
ȵת֮, ʼȾĹľºڣԴյľѾ׼׵ʱ͵ǰ, ⣬͢ʮ˶, زڶͷ̼
ǱֽУһΪ˹ʿңҲΪ˶ҡġ
İնԭˣͱ˹, ֮ԴǰЩҲ, ʥ϶෭ʩų, ЩЩǺ޵ģֻһ, Ĳƽ׼
ЩֽĹڶ, ûҲ߾
ͷѰҪ֪ǰսαȵ컹Ҫ, ĹȻЩȻдڱֽ, ֪жˡЩֽһͱ˾˹ȥ, һ֮, Խ
Ĺ֮ʢҪʲôֵأ
۷׷ף˱Ҫ֮ս¡
˵ûǹʧˣ
ⶼ೤ʱˣ̵ʱ³ϸ¶ѹȥȴŶûƣѵȴǰҪѴ򣿡
Ͳ֪˰ɣ֮ǰʱ򻹶˳æȻôģ˵ҲǰһδæתͷȥѣδЩˡ
꣬ҪˣֻҲ˵ĳֱ͢ļҡ
˶֪͢ûˣղ֪ﴫķ˵͢ҪļңҪǼеȥ乫ôԼǡ
⻰֪٣ȴʮֺ¡
˭Լò׻ļҵ͢ժȥ뵽ֶ֮һΣԸļҪһΡ
˱ˡ
˼ĹδѰʲô׼ˣõĻǳ͢Ļûһһٿһǣǰս³ԽȻҪǽͷǲǻǸƱ
ͬ粻ͬ뻮ֵĹЩ˱һģʱ򣬻ռϷ磬̶һ꣬Ʊ㶼ˡ
һʱ䣬ڵĸΣԴٸ͢˸Ǵʮ־ԼһСľ˵
ڵصӰСǶԴ˴սµ̬ȣֱӰܱߵİա
һʮʮ٣˱㶼綼ҪĹ
ĳ֪֮͢õطĸĸٳֹڴҥԣΥۡȻȴ֪о仰ж²裬δʱֻǰŰɣҪ䣻Ǳó͢ã˵Ѿˡ
ԭ͢ʳأ±ôһ֣һ׶ܲˡ
йԱп಻ȻԭЩȻĺ蹵ǵַ£ԽԽңֻһżȥ긮¶ᡣ
˾ͽ飬ȴԽԽޡ
һȺѿá
ͬһ֮˸ܷܳĶΪĳоҲܹһģ
˾ͽһȦҲû뵽лʲôܵ˴Σѹסͷֻúشǹȥ
شΣ䲻ԸȴҲֻ۷ֻ֮ǰش
ǧҪɽȣɽ˴¡
شԽû·ˣս²ĻˣµһС¼ٻ۸ٿı䡣
ֻ»¶ˡ
£ммǣܽɽ⴦þ䡣
شǷǿ˾ͽȻġ
ȻԾϾʱʱƿأһϽҳ˾ͽϴһ·ɱģλԺգԸֻЩȱݣ̫̫³çǱ֪Լ˶ţֻҪַ졣
˾ͽҲøشʱʱ̶̿ǡ
һûţ¶ˡ
ֻһСͨСһ飬Ȼ鵽Щ˿Ǹ϶С
ȶйΪʹʮ壬һ첲תͷ˽˾ͽˣЧȡ
Ȼһȴ˹ߡ
ʱǵĲɣ޶ʵ̫࣬ν֤ҲǵĿͷ֮ԣδóʵ֤տƾɱȴһαһȶ࣬ʵԷڡ֮ǰû˵ΪûƵ㣬ְ˸ˣ̲סˡ
ʱֻҪһվʣµı㶼һӵϣȺ֮
ûüѹͱ˴Ӻ˺ֱ֣һͱֱ
ͱ˵Ǹξͱ֮󻹲ְ֣ѵ˼֣ɫ
ֵҲ泯͢ºͣ˵ʹ˵ɱɱûЩ֣ʲô
˷ˣ󽫾һ߿Էŭȣ콫ϸ£
һսɴչ
ȵ˾ͽ֪֮󣬺ü󽫶Ѿˡ
˾ͽԭأĿɨΧҲ֪ⶨĹġ
ֻǽձҪ
˾ͽ˲׷æ˳±ӦС
ҹ긮Ŵ򿪡
ʮĹƳǶٴ潻
ֻǸһαӦʵЩˡ


204  
ˡ
̴һ, ȳӪɱ
˶Ұһ㣬û˹˼ɡΪʱһֱ򡣲֪˶Ļ;̴ǺĪĽ긮ôıǽ긮ĳż, Ĺһ֮, Ļг
Щ͸ñҵ
̴ĹʹһֺǹǰϽƾһֳƯƵǹ, Ҿ֮жн׼ºպչ̴͡ǹһ, µսҲӧǹָǵоͷ֮
, ɱһƬ
ǼˣҲȻ𾴡
ԭΪλǴ, һжȥˣɼ˲ò࣬нü֮
λĹ, ֪ԺЩҼʲô
Ǵ𾢶, ȴڳǽ, ϧѾˣֻϡɱ
ű΢, ˳½ŵҪ, æȥ, дʣӲΣǽ֮, ʥ, ǻǸϽȥɡС򽫾, ںͷѹ󣬲µġ
ҺĹ˵ã˭˭һΣңҲСĽǻûдǴǣǴǣΣգ
һ䣺ɲ˵һǸ͵Ϯأǽͷܹǲȫġ
һÿڳǽϱɱʿ
˵ǣһһСģʵʵģԷˮøţͺʲôԽ긮ţ°Ƶġ
ȻȷʵûҪɱУҲûҪһգҲϡ
ҪǱ˿ˣ񲻻Ц̰˼̴һﶼӢˬȥǽܶվδ̫Щ
ţȻһԱߵĳһƳպøԷ߶ϡ
ϸϽͷʲô鶼ûһ
誣
ⲻʲôȻѾƲˡ
誰̾ȴԱߵĻʦŴ򽫾Ӣ˿ɼˣ
ʥϣѾˡ
ȥغúûҪǶ˻ݣȻĺ˱ڱֽϣðǶһǵķˡ
˵꣬ԱߵĻڡ
ԴһǰϨˣ񾩳Ǳһҩѹûá
һҩڵϡ
ԱĿĵţֻ¼ⶼǸģʥʵҪ뻭ɡ˭˵ʥϲţⲻǶͦ𣬶ѾѣԷδĻʺˡ
ѾĥһڵıֽǱ̴ҲֱӽĹ췭ظ
˾ͽԴӭС
ʺӦսǳʵǹЩ˼󽫣Ʃ˴ͱһʱڴŶܶһ£˵ɱˡһϽҲõĶȥȫУֻееЩ
˾ͽڽشȥͷǺشǻڣ֮ᷢҡ
ȻѾûʲôôˣ˾ͽɱԭӪС䡣Ȼȷյ˭𣬵ʣЩ˱ضǼٽ켣ھУĴ䣬ҡġ
Ȼֱ治˭һɱ˱ǣ˾ͽԵ
һ͵ɱˣһֻƸۣĹһս
˾ͽǴ̵ĺ֣¶ԼһһģƵ£ĹļлǴûԳơ
һҹڶʱս
ȻȹؼʱҲ֪˭һѻ˹Ȳ֡
ʱ֣жȼ˴ȴǻ潽һͣˮȥƷˡ
죬Ű
಻žÿ˵ģÿʱÿ̶ڼ尾֮С
оǺòײ˹ʳ
ڵĳ͢ʳͲˣͷ캮ضģͲʺо̣֣ǻʲôĹأ
˽ֱյϢǰߵ˾ͽʱ˾ͽҲиС
ѵүõƫĹ
ûʳҪٴҲû취ˣ˾ͽģƾʲôһкôĹ߬һͳµİҵδʵ֣·زˡ
вʣ˾ͽʵЩ˿ɱˣ
ɱ˴󲿷֣һЩûõüϣмˡ
׷׷׷ϱʣµĶɱˣһ¿̲ݻܷǻص긮
˾ͽдŨŨĺ壬仰㶨ʮ
Ҳ֪ɱ̫أֱһ¼Ĺĺʤģʱһ̴ʱϮ
˾ͽ֪棬ϴ˳ˣ׼ɽص
׷ᣬֱڽߵ˻ڡ
дˣʲôƨ˵ĵȻ᲻£ǾͶ¼ɡ
Ҳǳǵıȸˡ


205 ս 
ȫʤ
ɽʱ, Ĺں֮ʱ
԰ٷĵҩװ̼֮ͳŽдȥ⻹зִģͷҴԶ˼Ҫϰʱſʼڡ
⵱ȻҲǾ֮Ľ
˾ͽȻ, , Ĺǲݵĳˡû˾ͽӴһ겻ĻǵҲûʲô, ɱĹûô˾ͽһʮĳ, Ѿˣ˾ͽȥɿ˳ǻ, 游𣬵ʱ˭֪˻᲻ĸӾأ
λةشҲϼ޻, ò
ô˵»ǲҪ˾ͽը˺ãܼ޲͵졣
򲻵˾ͽź, ɾûôõĳˡ
߲û̫Ĵ, ʿɽҲľ, һŻըƷһȺСľˮ, ըڶ, ˮٺ, Ҳס
Ľˮ䳹, , ˮ, ˵Ļץסľͷǿһ;಻˵ģֻܱըȱ첲ȣʹ˱ˮ忪֪
˾ͽǰ֮ŷĹһ֣±㿪ʼڡ
֪ʧβأֱӸĹסƸۣҲҪ½긮
ȻʱѾˣ˾ͽֻʿˮˣʵǾȲˣҲ޼ƿʩ
ͱһ˵ȴһѪˣ˵øˡŭģĹ׺ˡ
ЩթĹˣŲûڣǶɽ˲Ź䣬ö񶾵˼
ϵСȰɽЪŰɡ
ЪסˣҪɱף
룬˳ΪЪסھӪͷɱˣڱͱ⸱˲˹
Ȼߣܱߵ˶ûӦͣϾսͲҪ˼սǶԼ˵Ĳ̡
ĹȻ޳ܣǽһҲû˸˵ʹˣֻ˵ʱ˲ã©ƫҹꡣ
̴ıըŨŨĺⷽЩ
ȻսһʹǿֻӴܣͷЩҲǸȥĽʿһˡ
ûйּҾڴ긮סˡסˣϼҡһսƱػԪˣʱǻʲôȥ
̴ţȻ˼⣺ʥȥӪе̽ɷˣ
кһ
̴㲻˵ˡ̽¶߶Ǳɹȥûʲôý֣ɼǻᱻ˷ֵ;һ˷ˣǵȫʬ³
ϧˣ˵Ĺ˲˹ȥ
Ϊһ仰ⷽǵʹ쵴Ȼ޴档
ǵȷ˲˹ȥҲֱؽ긮֮ս佫ͷһ֪ԭʥϺﾹȻһ֧ܡҵȸ
䣬ȸһֱ䣬սǰǶʱ䣬ȸѾһǧˡ
ʥϻ飬ᵽȸһɵģս֮ʱҲװˣ켣ӵУԴԴϵظĹṩ顣
ΪʲôǣҪӮ̸ף
ôõһ֧ӣȴֻʣһСˡ
Ǽʹģڵ֪ȸ֮󣬸ʹĲѡ
˵ʲôûõġΪѳӽȥȸ֮ûһɵӣÿղѵѵս꣬Ͷ
ȸʵڿ̾
ÿһȸмأֻҪһ飬֪ǼסηΡ
սӦǽˣ֪ҹɽܵʱ誱±ıһ÷뿮֮ǣͷĽʿǣòȸ
誽뿮֮ʲôԽʡΨ鲻ܽʡҪ֤͵ļСΪĹѪĪЩ̰ȥڽʿġڲйĽʿǣҲøǶµٺ»ףʾνǰװ׳¶ҲöජţСմ֣˳͢
뿮֮ʱ䲻֪˶Ϊսû˵ĽʿҲϧţе㲻ˣʥΪǳԸɷģЩ¶ãҲ䵱ĳˡ
誼ˣҲͲǿ
뿮֮һµĻûа첻ɵġ
Ǯ誾òֽס˳ţǴٶ࿪ң԰ҲԶཨǸʵڼѣԸһ£ǹһЩ
Ӧ£ģ¶΢ؾ֮ȥ죬Ư
˵Ҫְؿ˿뿮ֿ֮˿誣⽫ʿǵ鶼׵ˣ黹ûаء
課⣺ʲô¶
뿮֮ѿڶɲĻߵڶˣʱˣִӮһ̣ܺʱǺӣ罫˲źá
ɫסˣɻʣⲻһֱسôڶˣ
뿮֮΢΢һЦة˴ߵļ˵ҲӰڡ
֮ܶⳡӲġ
ս¸ոս͢ҲҪһĿĻһƽս´Ĵˡ


206  
һ֮
ȵǻ֮, 뿮֮˸̴Ѧʡ
ĹĳӣܲôֱӸ̴߻飬Ҳ̫ˡߵҲѾ, ȷʵûϵıҪ, ǸմӮһʤսʱٽ֮ãܴյһ˫ϲ, ֲΪأ
뿮֮֮ǰѦʵӣλʱվδʺ˵׵ʱ, Ǻ˵ˣֱǳˣͷβĹˡô춨, Ѧʹΰ
Ѧʵ̫˵뿮֮ʶؾѦӦҲһ˵, Ͼһˣһ
˭ϵ֮ѦȴĿһɣ
մ̾Ҫףôϵģ
, һҲϡսȻӮ, ҲС, ¶ѾҪʱʺϳɻ顣ǼʥҲС, Ҳ͹˼֮, Ӧóɻˡ
ôô˵, ѦʻһӵĲ⡣
ЩĹʵ̫, һӵ۶, Ҫƽʱ, СܰЩ꣬⻹֮Ҳǻƣųսҵʱһж׵޻˵
ֻ飬ǳ¶֪أ
ƳѦʵ˼ŴŸ첲һ䣺ɲżѦҲϣűǸż
Ѧһ졣
λˣȷʵܸɵĳµˡһ쵽ıҲǣ͵ʲôʱɻ飬˶ɵˣЩɵҲ֮еġ
ҲĹ˲Ҫɣ
뿮֮ϣǺȻһ䣺׵ʱ밡ΪʲôǳΣôΣѾˣҲԪˣ²£벻ˣԸףֻϵʱϸһصģżʥҲż㿴ʱ˭ż
ѦԼҷΪ̴ɻ飬ûûҹ߶űɫ
żģĪǼҷ;ùģĪ
ֱӴӦƺԵò棬Ѧʸ˺һֵͬǶ˵˵Ժȥĥһ
˶ġ
Ѧɷнµصͷ뿪ˡ
ŻŸ첲ȴͦҪǼǸäϹѡˣ䵽ժӣ
ժӻϧΪԼƵģ
ģؿŷ뿮֮뿮֮صܱܲô֡
ʱֵܣ̳ܲġŷ༥
ǲǣ
ʱ긮ҪһչʥϲʥƽҪֵĵطȥԵùϵԺһЩҲֻϵİˣ뿮֮ɲϡ
Ͷ࣬ҲѧѦʣͷܡ
뿮֮öţĪ
ʱദͦã뿮ܻ֮Ϊˣѡתۼͷˡ
ˣ
˲ɢѦǱȴ̴ſǻȦʵǵŽ᲻ˣƸһ̴
̴Ȼܲ
ѦĭӶ˵ˣһ߰ĹĴгһʹʹذĹЩǼ˸飬̴侲ص
֪
Ѧʣ
Ѧֲ⡣
̴Ȼս£ȴҲϹĹĶδڣ̴ȷ֪ĹҪǰ
˷긮سǣȫĹ֧֣ǲӦʵˡ
ȻĹ˼ǸɴǵԸˡ綼Ҫ׵ģҲʵŵԵʱˡ
̴ɴ̬Ѧû뵽ģû뵽ǣ̴ΪĻҪȻֱ˴뿮֮˵ԼӦˣʱܳɻ顣
ȻϢϲԽ࿴ԷȻЩ
ǲѡʺʵȷľˣɴ䣬õŵ£ʵд֮簡
̴Ӧˣ誻ʲô˼òӦأ
ֻһЩŤˣ벻ͨ˵ĹϵУΪʲôÿζ̴ԶǱܡ
Ҳ˵ʲôã˳ȻǺõģǡʱٻЩܸС
˵֮󣬷뿮֮˿ӱޣȥ˾ǣڽһѡһӣʲôӺãǾʲôʱɻ顣
صĻ鶨˳ϵ˳
ߣųһҲһٶȣȻǽϵذˣҲû뵽̴Ȼϡ
ĺá
ųȥӣһ㣬üһһºǸƵգ´󼪵ĺӡ
һϼƣһİ壬Ͷһ֮ĺˡ
Ϊ˸δĻʺƣųԸ񲿵ıֽעŲһͷÿطҪδʺ¼
ʺϾĹˣƣֻ¹ڻ˲óϷؽλ
ȻЩǶˡ
λڲͬĳ£Ǻڵִڲϲ
˻սͼԺùȥˣյıֽϾ͵һ̴Ĺ¡
Ǳ񲿿Ҫ¶ˣȻҪдȫдһ˺õģȻҪǾͲ
ԺŶԻʺĹôһλ޵Ĺ˵ı仯Ҳһأ
֮ӰıŮӰıԼͬһˣӰ죬ܿ»ʺ˺øУøжֱǵʥϡ
һ˵̲̣˵Ҳڵ֪һ֮飬üŻȥ׼ˣڴ֮ǰøúá̸̸
ΪսʤҪôδ̫ˡ


207 ⳥ 
·
ͬĹͬ, Ȼʮֽơ
º󣬾ûдʲô̡
ǿЩıߵ, Լ, ڴ˴սг˴һϽҲһ
ȻʱѾû˴ֱͱҪҹ, ˾֮Ȳˣڴѹ˵, 󽫾ֱûڻؾ;бݺȥˡؾ֮󣬼Ŵج, ʹѡ
ҲΪⳡɥ±ܴ󽫾, ѵʶĲĹˡ
Ҳվû취ֿڵ̫߹ԼҲ̫͹Ĺˡ
ҲԼָо, ֻӲϳϡһ, æĹ, ٵ֪ĹвҪ⳥긮һʧ֮, Ͻһ, ֱƿڴĹδ̫, ǮõˣЩı, ˭˭Ӯһء˵, ǲ, ô죿ܴɣ𣿡
ô޿ֵĴڡ
ֱĹ±ڶ·һǻ񡣶·ֱӶ·ֱñɱǰ긮ɼֱӹˡ
˾ͽ˵¶֮ĥĹͼʣĹ϶ҲҴȻˣǶΪĹʹ˹ƣˡ
ĹǲŸƣóȻΪʱ㡣
˾ͽô룬شҲô롣
оûһҪ⳥͵ģȻ˾ͽ¾£Ĺֻʹı
֪ʵ飬ȴδ֪࣬һǾ۱ҲѵĹʮ֮
սͲǾ˵顣
Ȼ˾ͽĵ黹Ƿˣ˵㹻˽Ĺµ·
չ󣬳Ұҥ𣬶֮˵ĹʱҥԴŴţذպȻԼͬĿʼס
Ϊ˵ս֮ھûˣǻ϶ˣȶڶپͶڶ١
⵱ȻҲǹ˻ϵֱʡ
¶ԭ̵ʳǹ֮ʳˣŲţ
˵Ĺľֻ壬ǹ˻һ־Ǵڲ߽⡣͢ǿڲȱɰվǲš
һѧ˺ʳӵĴܿͼˣһǰ׵˵֪ͷѾûףԽֻ
û׵ϢԽԽ㣬ֻҲԽԽãֻҪǾͻᱻ
ֻ֮£ڳ͢ԹҲ͸
ԹȺֻԼ⣬ȫȻǵȻһˣǲһ͢һֱ⸱ԣǻӵƨ
תͷȥĹ񲻸ã
Ĺûа˲˵ģǻһˣӹҲɫ
ܿսռϷ磬Щͷ˱Ѿ˼ĸͷݻʳܲ͢һôĹ˱ʲôϣʲôϸֵһᡣԲˣҪʲôⲻǴ
ЩѰտûоǰĹΪԼΣʲôЭҲ޲ó͢ϽЭЭĹ˱
ҰŽֹٲȻΪһɢɳˣԼԭ˳˵Ѿˣս
¾жĹһĳӣǹ⿿Щӣܶʲôأ
˾ͽ²ԸҲˣѾȲĹˡ
ѣ˾ͽ䲻ˡǻӵʱ򣬱࣬ʮ꣬󻹲ǽһֵܲڽ£
һֱ䡣
ǼĹһ֮أ֮أŵʱղ˻ڵļֻҪ˻ڣĹвᵴȻ޴档
ݷʵǲ֮١
գͬ͡˾ͽĹʨӴ󿪿ڵ׼ĹҪĲֻ࣬Ҫ˴˴εľѿ֧Լɽ긮ã֮ûˣһ̫עĿġȡһй˰ĹеƷͨ
뵱ľƣ
˾ͽĦŹ飬оþòƽ
вһģ룬Բ䵽ľء
⼸꣬¶úúһˡ
־ĹߵĴȴΪһ̣ü
ؾ;У誻ºһˡ
һȸֻʣǧ
ºǹģȸ˶ûˣҲŲܡ
йϵ֮ȸǱԳңȫˣ˭֪˾Ȼ˺ݶɴɱһǧҲŹһ
ɱ֮£ֻһСͻΧ˳´Ӫ
Щ¶ºÿÿϸ룬ȴ
課ܹҲδֹ޹أֻ̫ĺˡڵйӪ޻ؾ֮Ҳ֪ǵĹ͡
Ǹ룬ֻǲϣڲȥûֻƬ
ºˣۿˡ
ԸЩǱʳ˼ͶƽĹңһӶҪսϹϵ
һ·һ߰Ž񣬵ȻصٰѾǰ֮¶ˡ
ٹӭʥϣҪ£誷֣ЩĴǼȻûϻصļ
ô£
ñط꣬Ӧ
Ƿ뿮֮ʥ֣λ˲ٳֻ񣬶Ͼˡ
ʵˣʵ۴飬֮ϲ¶Ѿæˣϡ誣ҲȲԼĻҪˡ
ڴϣʲô˶һ
ԣΪͷ誣ڻȥĵһͱˡ
ֻǸʼΪһֱ䵽˻ǰһ졣
ʱ䣬٣誾ûʲôĴ󳼡
ȵ뵽ʱɻҲֻһϵʱˡ
գʥϱٴγˡ
´ʱæû찵ع˲誵ĸܣϸһ룬ɹٻǲܵģҪ񵱳ô죿
ʥǲ׵ӣó


208  
ۺɻ
誸հЩ߷߶һ졢ֱɵһ̵غ˳ȥ
Щ˼ֱ̫, 촦񱾾ᣬò¶˻ҪѧżĹأһ쵽ûɵʱ
ֲûɹ, ˵λ񲻱Ū̫, ̴ҲϲЩȽڵˣЩ˽壬Ҳ塣
ʵڿɶ
ǻʵ, ЩڣִΣ
˸պ, 㿴ЩЩӲ¶棬æӰҲةǺȻŰݷá
Ǽˡ
˳£ƵؿǻӴ, εʲô磬ЩĴǶˡ
ųȻ࿴һ, ֪ʥϱȻˣҪȻɲô
뿮֮ԼϽǳЦǰʥʲôǶࡣ
ǲǻллǰûطʡ
뿮֮æһҲ, ֻҪĻúõ, óЦͳɡʺ佫, ߵҲǽصģʧ˴εĻȷַ, ǷЩ, ɻʺһҲֻôһ, ȻҪ, а©, , Ҫźˡ
һ飬źˡ
Ҳزһ䣺˼һǴģҲó˰Ĳǣ
ĳϾҪĹˡռݵĴһҲĹ
հٹæ͵æҲǻ񣬻ЩطİšȻĹ͢϶Ҫ˹ȥֵġԭȻʺµĴ󳼿ãȫáƺ֮ĹöӦ֡
һɨʦڵعԼƵŭȻͶǵͼ
誺һϴ󲻸ˣǹ鰲ģҲͲˣȡʺ󣬲ȡޣ޻ί˻ʺ󲻳ɣ
Ҫľ仰ֻҪʥͨˣʲôһҲͺðˡ
Ϊʵ̫æƨʱ䶼ûˣôһ׼ֲ֮Լͬظˡ
˵Լ£Ҫ
ҲҴңȥҲҴң誶Цˡ
һ֮⼸ıҪæҪۣҲͲûˡʵ۵ܱܲȲ󳼰ɣⱲӲٳˣ鷳鷳ɣŵϲ֮ǰϳȥ
Щµ٣ˡ
ڵһ֮󣬳ۼ˵誣µ޲⣬Ļһǳɣ
ʵЩҲûסҪ̫̫࣬鷳ˡ
ҹȥƣڴϣԭΪ۾˯ţ˯ȥ֮һֱշת࣬ߡ
ͷһγ׵ʱϡͿּ֮ǣճϻ̳Ͽ֣˲ñġβһ͢϶¶쳣ӣ誶̴ҲġΪ⣬Żֲ̿»ӴóԹżǲͶԲס̴ô
誷˸̴ǲҲôǲ
磬ֻݣض᲻ɡˣúðοһ
ֱ°ҹ課ǿ˯ڶر˽״̬Ȼáŵϲһۣ˲ס˾뵡С
һַۣʮ
ԼĻ񣬽ȴһ㶼ʼձߡ
һȻøһ㣬̫УĹ׹ݡаٹ٣󹬵̫ڴ˵Ⱥ򣬳Ҳ
ߺģһȴѵõǢ
ųӣѦʵ˵ͷ
ǴӦ˳ʥϵ£ʵϲš
ѦʲףȴţպµĻҲּѪּҵĺӵ˻ʵۣ㲻׬ˣ
ĹϺĹ׬ˣԺ¶ɾδˡ
Ϻ˼ڴǰȴһɺ
صҲһ㡣
Ψк誵ĳӣ̴ߵľʦ߶̴֣Ҳֻкóˡ
ʱѵ֣˲ſۺٶһһ˸̨ڣȴׯϵĻΪЩ򣬲Żη֮ġ
浽ʱ誷Щš
Ҳ̴Ҳţ̨׵ʱǣס˶Է֡
誵һǣŮӵ֡
̴ܵЩʪһЦȵס
£誶Щµġǳɹ׵ˣôţ
̴ǣţʵ誣ϸ̨
̨֮ϱ̫Ŀȥеĵ۵ףΡΡ¥ȴ߲ǽŵվŵһ
̨ųൽ壬Ҳ塣誵ĳӣҲĴ󳼣ٲȻһˡ
Ĺ˳㹻ǰЩٰǣٰǵİҲԳĹ£Ҳ»ʺóϷ̴֪誵ֲַ֧
̴߬һ誵֣δһظܵԼ֣û
ǲѶΪ֮ڣѾûмƽϵıҪˡ
ѾǷˡ
УΪֽˣͷһЦģܿͽˣǱܻȥ
̴ûнʲôֻǵͷ΢΢һЦ
˻ţҲͦõ
ֱ̫֮ãֱ֮󣬲ŵ̴
誽ź˶ϵһߣȹƣóһСϻӡ
̴ƫƫͷָ˲ϻӣЦǶ
һ죬е㲻˼ԼǲЩ̫Ӧǻӻ᲻õ㣬·һѺ춹ҲӦ
ˣҲûøˣӦͲӦɣСϻӣմ飬׼һС
̴ȥֻͷһöӡ£⡭
ƺҲǷӡ
óӡ£Ȼжʮ˾ֻ֮͢£ǺƵһ䣬̫͢Ů˾ŮУţʿŮ٣רŮ£ʺΣ
̴һˣŮ֮ҡ
ס誵֣סˣԻ츣Ůӡ
誾֪϶ϲӡ·ϣǴ½ɻʺȫȨ𡣡
Ůӵ¶̴һǻʺ󣬹ЩӦ
̴һůΪ誵ⷬ⡣ҲʳǷᷴԣȻȷ£Ӳηԡ
ӡ£̴Ŀӯӯ誣л
лΪŮӣ֪ŮӲףѵõΪӣȴϸ˼
֮䣬л֪аԸбĥȥǣ㾡ܷȥ㶵š
̴ۿ΢ȡ
룬ӣӦȴǰҪá
л˵
Ĳʱм·⡣


209 ⣨һ 
ŮУŮ˾
Ů˾ȫһƶġ
Ϊ̴ж, սȺ飬׶Ѿѡˡ
Ժڵһˣ񶼳̴ˡӵλԺյĿֹ, Ƿͷķ, ٵԷΪصԺŮѧеٮٮߣΪ̴ʵĺܡ
ʵڲóֱ֣³, аٹٵķȫ̴Ӫ
誻ӳ͢ͷһʿŮ˾Ů˾Ҫڸ˽ѧУŵ, űںĸרŮԩһпС, ͢մһǮ׳ʿĸ, ʣµģŮ˾ͷˡ
ԴˣвٵϹŰлҪ˵ԶҪ˵Ķ, ˵һ, 誱֮ʮ䡣
еĴȻϻһ, 泳Ҳǳ誵ġ
һ, ȻӮˡ
ѦʵȼΪ̴, ˽١˵, һ, ྴ, ҲԵסϵϽˡ
, ˶˽긮ΨѦʵȼٰǡ
긮ȻǾþ֮أѦҲǶˣ̴һίҲûߣʵ̫ЩԱѦ¡
ڳ͢Ϊ壬Щʺһֱмӣסھаźְλ
ѦҲûԼгһվȻͬΪ١Ψһֵðοǣ͢ﻹǵˣǱǺ
ûйٸԭְֱٴγΪֿȵĴˡѵõǣΪ˴󼫺ãѦųҲùȥмǣߣּҾҲĹ͢
Ѧ˽ʱ̲ס̴Ĺĸ壺Ѧ֮ǰ಻ڳ͢ͷ˵Ƕ죬ΣЩЦģҲе¶аһʼĲ⣿
̴һֱڸдֶ˵̧꣬ͷǴŸ˱á
ʵҲһֱּҾ͢Ħʲôչ˵ˡ
Ѧ˸̾ôܲˣʥϿǰ
ô˵ġ̴ɲϰЩ誶ˣȻȷʵҲЩĻ
Ѧֹʵˣ
˻ͰЩĻء
˵ţ̴һҲͣʣдʲôأ
ضŮУŮȱýÿֹ˵ȴһزѧڵŮڸдţǳɽ
ѦԴչѾд˺һˣ˵Ҳʮţƻедء
Ѧ˿ۣ˴Ͳ𣿡
̴ҡҡͷŮУŸո𲽣ͷЩŮжţȴһ¡ֻʺӣɽ²ܰúáңдŰˣҲʲôۻܽŮѧĹÿһطٿ۶ֵõġ
̴˵ʱ̬
ϲԼЩ¶
ѦһϽʱǵ̴ҲԳųĵ̴ȴټƽͣȴޱȼᶨ̴
Ĺˡ
Ȼ̴ѦȻֵ֧ףҲвŮ긮һҲвŮҲʶõĸˣͷҲǶǷǡ긮һң¶ȻǶֵ֧ģģ֮ڣĪ˵ɽˣŮҲˡ
̴˳ˮۣǽ긮Ƕȫˡ
òǾ͵ųɣ
̴ЦЦ
¿ͷѣ̴£ʵһ㲻ѣŽ˵̫ˡ
ĹȴǰĳԺڣٿѧУѾˣʲô¶ҲиѧϰӡǻһݵıֽʲôֱǷݱֽˣ˶ˣǱĬӰһˣҲǽ긮ûеġ
в˾ǶҲȷʵĹطѧУŮѧʱʵڵһҵ˿ֱӽЩɴ֯賧ãλҲߡ
⿿һ㲢˼ҵŮǶ˼ҵĺ˵ѾĪĺôˣҲΪһ㣬ŮԺܺܿϯĹ
һʱ䣬صԺ㿪ɫ
Ů˾ҲڸؿרŮ֮¡һʼ˭ҲûнССŷϣֱһأһһʱĺ밸
һҵĸ̳檣ܾ裬ȴҲһֱϷ䣬뷽跨ҪûؼҲӵ෬ıվûԸͶ·ҵŮ˾
ϱʲôϣϢˣһͱһԹŮͷɣҲҪ
һأȴıϵһ
Ů˾ǿн£ֱӴżױ˳˳غˡ
һж̫˳ˣ˳϶Լ۾
ȻһȷȷʵʵķˣŮ˾ͻʺܾˮ֮С
ǰСֺµĿţֻʹ죡
¶̴ͷβ˺̴˸һŮǸǰʲô۶ӡ
һ䶯Ĺ۷׷ףָŮ˾˼Ҽ£Ƿ֮伦ëƤС£ǵֵôʧ棻еָ飬ΪԼʹɷ򶼲ˣ˾ǸС檲ǻͷӡ
ȥûԴ֮󣬳¶ѰŮ˾ȴԽԽˡ
Ů񷽲ʶǲ͸ίģϻԸվάƽԸվΪս׵Ŀ⡣
Ů˾ͷҲŮӣŮѧܳȥ˾٣Գ͢ٺ»ͬŮӣģΪβܣ
ΪŮӣǱͲûô΢
С
չţһ̴֮ǶϢ˵λ˿һҾ¥˲ٵصŮһƣ¥жˡϸмŮ˾ȥŮ˾ŵл˲Ǯء
ǰЩȣݿν̥ǡǿֹصѧΪֺѧܽþټΪ̴Ů١
̴ߣ̣ûҲ䡣
ֻӮķӲҡ
ϳΪŮ˾һƣµŮ˵һõĽ
̾Ը¸ҵ˻ԽԽࡣ
̴ҲϣϣǣŮϵıԽԽ١
һ㣬ضкܳ·ҪߣѾ˺ܺõĿʼ²׷֮·ضá


210 ⣨ 
СӵԸ
̴誳ɻ, ˳
ڴ֮ǰһ˵Ϊ˼̳˵¶֪˶ٻأһγҪһ, Ķ, 誡
ԭΪֻҪʥϳףܺܿСӡ˭֪, ۺ˳ɻ֮ȴѹһ㶯ҲûУһʥϱӷ
ʺǴ߲, Ϊʥϻýһ֪ôڻʺǰģѾʥżûˡ
˰˼Ѿ¶ĳ̫, һ⣬Ҳʧܸ, ̫ѹԸ飬Լи徻ءͷЩ֪Ҳ
˿ƢЩе쿪, 뼸λŮʵ󹬡ʺ, ܲŲñɡ
Ƿ, ˼Ĵ󳼶ĪúܲҡʥС۶ĳ̶ȣЩ˭ѾԶ, Ǻ, û˸¶ˡ
˻ǰż
лλҪ̳е, Ųʲô˼ѵǡ
⵽ǻʺ, ʥأ
, ̲סҪʾ˭ʱ, ĻʺȻϲѶ
ʮ»̥һ䣬һСӡ
ӣճӣ
Ȼ㹻Ұ־ϲˡֻôһӣλ̬ȴ䣬ԭȴߵжޣЦþж໶
ŵۺڵĿޣǰͷΪóЩ˲һ
誶⸱ѾϰΪˡҪʵ鷳Ҳ߶ӡ
ţĹĦʱзϵѾӵԵ͵ĵزˡΪĹò¿ʼ·
ǵĳӣǲһ½Ǵſ綼ᱨġĹЩȷϣ調ԶԶ
̴ҲضãҪæϾôĴ󳼰ģÿƾٻѡϲ˲ţ̴Ǳ߿õȴ࣬Ů̫ȫ𱸣鶼̴Ϊ
ĺãж˿ĲãһкܶҲҧסˡ
;
ôǷ޶˶æŸԵ£ʱȥӡ
ˣҲŲܡ誸̴ԷУɷŶӵʱһ㡣
Ͼ̴¶ࡢ£̴ܲͲ課һΪ˺ӷȫԸܲҵ
ʱò׽
׽ĸײԣ̴һ˵һǵĸףʱ׽ԣԶһЩ׽ǳڳ羴
ǵģСӾԼĸȸҪˡȨλϵ˵һɡ
Ҳϲĸ󣬾ϲһ
һֱˣһСӷǳգÿԼСľߺ߹һҴʱʾͻֶܹš
ŪˣһƲľһţͷСȾҪȥĸ״
ʱ򶼻סСƢôָ仹أ
Сһ壺ʸ䣬ָʲô
˭˵޲᣿
ô˵
ӣûûСģ´ٲˣ
žҪˣһµأΪÿζ񫣬ʵҪ˶ֻڻﶺ档
ʻǺġ
¶ʱǲµģɻ;ĸڱϱ㲻һˣ÷һ١˵ĸ״ǰսɳĽֳǹ۳ҽĴ£ѡ
Ҳøĸһǿ
ҪĸةĻܲ׾ֻԳĸס
Ȼһ׽ǱʳЦ˵ǻȭȣ˿ЦģӲ١
ѾԼĿꡪǰܸʣʮǰĸ
˵Ҫֻ֮һЦ
Сƨʲôأ誺شС壬һָͷܰ
һ᳤ģıĸҪߣ
誻ЦȥĸҰο
ֻǣĸʵ̫æˣÿʱÿ̶æҲ̫ˣ¼Ůӣ¿֯Զ¶
ȥĸæ
̴ӹͣ¹תͷ
ϲĸһĸоǸϸĵĺӣֻдһĸֽ󣬱˸ڳȥˡ
Ȼȥ֮ȴûãյȥ鷿ȥ֮һͷһϡ
誼ֲ֣ûĸ˵仰
ĵصͷĸôôæűҪæ
̾һҲǰ£ĸӦһһĹĹһģ˷ܳսʤĸеѪء
һӾͱȤʲôѪ𣿡
콫긮㵼½긮ƣҪ֮е
¼ȻģɶҪһЩͼӴһЩᵽԼĸĲס
˭֪ȴ쳣ܣСȭͷʵ̫ɶˣҳˣһҪǴ
һСŮ滰誻ڵ棬ֻǷܵ˵һ䣺Ŷ㸸͵ˡ
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