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İ
Ӣŵ״ԪɴԽһ佫ѫҵĵճǰֲ粻ļֺɪɪ룬һļ˲Ҫѧɣ
üּұתͣټһ֮游Ǹ۰ģֺϲ䣬ҲƸ˴̵
ǲ֪ʲôʱ𣬾ͻȻˡ
Լ游جΣεԼıΪ̫̿ľѪѪԭŵ游ʼǿ塣
Ȼǳҵεֺƽˮˮ￪ʼѧˮ
ԭӵ׵Ҳʼ˵һ١
ֺҪĴֱ˵ҥ磬лл
ݱǩ ¥  ˬ ƾ
ؼ֣ǣֺ  ǣܶ  
һ仰飺˵һӢ
⣺ѧѧһ֮ܰ
vipǿƽ
Ӣŵ״ԪɼֺԽһ佫ѫҵĵճüּұתֺͣϲ䣬Ҳô̵ͻȻͱˡεƽˮˮѧˮ游جΣε̫̿ľѪѪ䣻ԭӵ׵Ҳʼ˵һ١
ڶгĬ״ԪɴԽӶɱϰ䣬;ıּ˵Ĺ£Ȥ
==================


1 
Ǵȣо϶ܸ游һһ󽫾ʷһ߶ӣһתͷߵŮ˵
˵ʷϲϲӣҲϲϱĵӣҲӦϲĶȥ˭д᳤̫ˣȫŸĸŵ㳤ǸЦӣ˭һЦӡ
ʷտؿĶˣ˵СӴӣүӵӣҲ̫̫ӣʷȻǶԴӰúܡ
ʷû˵仰ϵĴİΪԼȣԼȥ䡣
ûǰż´ĴʵǸԽġ
ֺǰһǴκ˽֪ǣʮ״Ԫν֣˶һ緢ĺɣ˭һּ֥ǧԡ
Ҫ˵ֺʲô㣬ǾǼֺԶ飬ڶʵ̫áʮ꣬ಡļʷڸ󳼶ʱһӢˡ
û©ļֺû뵽ԼżһӤû뵽Լһ佫
ֺȼǵãԼǰʱ˵佫ҵĺӶǴСʼѧյģţڸꡡ
Լĺѣи󽫾׵ŻǺܣŻǺܣ飿
ֺԼС壬ɵô˸£ն۰Լ治Ǹϣ˵ŻǺˣԼԺһȦԼһ
ȻֻһСӤǼֺѾʼʶֺʷˡ
Ͼ佫ҵС竾˵Ǽ̫̫߳ģֺԼҲһ䲻޵竣Ӧûʲôɡ
ĸ˵ģһСֶһϲأԱߵļԺСֶϲʲôǾСֶѧʲô¡
ֺԱ˼ĻĵͷԶԶԣǰƵĹù˵öԣɲϲϰ䣬һæϣʷͼĻ
һҪ̳㸸׵ľλģܲþľλٹ̰ɡʷϿֺ·öǵĶԻһСЦֺĶ䣬˵
ƣǴ˵ĻƵġ
ʷϵĻֺϣˣҲ᲻͵ĸ͹ùýȤϿʼſԼװ
СӤ屾Ҫ˯һֺ˯ˡ
״ʷϱԸ꣬ȥǶѸϴ·˵Ъˡ
ǡæӦһԼԴСѾȥԺ
֪ԼĸҪֶ˼Сֶ˯Ҳĸ׵һ̽
һ棬ŵҲǱĸǰŵģǰͷеĹأټĸ׶Сֶϲ
һ棬ɩϹϵãʵڲĿɩСֶĸӷ롣ϾǰͷǶĸӷӾͰǶءʷϺͼϵõĸ˼涼ģ޲źá
ĸ׺ʹɩ֮ǰΪѣȨ˺ܾ֮ȰĻû˵ڡ
ԺøòԶǴȥģһӵʱ䣬תˡ
̫̫ϴԶ׼Ϊѣԥ˵
ô̲Ը⣿ʷЩˡ
ϱʷϵʱµģν˵ѣҲǵˡ
ϱУлһѰģʷȻǲϲ
ټϣʷϱͲϲԼĳӣڳϱǾ͸öֲϲ
Ҫ˵ʷԼλ̵ĴʷҲ
˼Լ޽ʼ趨ʡ밲ı׹Ůڿ졣
ټҸ׵˵Ҳ̳̩˵£ûеġ
ֳҲٳվ˽Ÿ˵ϵĳ㻹ǵ̫
ļá
ϵȻֱֱͦġ
ҲʷһҪѴӱȴҲû񵱳̫̫Ҳֱӱߣֻ̽ҪѴҪѰڡ
ǡǴҴȥѴ߳õĶ˹Լ˻̫̫֮ìܣæֽ͵
⵹ˡʷһʱ֮Ҳ벻ͨϱĳʲô˼
˵᲻£ͷҲ鷳̫̫ϸ˵
ϼ޽ٹԺ̫̫ͼִƵҪ£ʷϾͰĹܼȨˡ
˵ͷ¶ҲǼٻ
ʷһҪӣϱѴӹãҸ̫ͻȻʷϸˡ
⵹ˣӺСѾͷǶǾеģֲϣôѴ͵ˡʷʼ˵ˡ
ǴɩɩĸӣŰѸ͵ء״æ˵ҲǣôʲôѲĸģԸ
ʷϱŮ˼Цһ䣬ѵҲԸϸƽ˵һˣ㵹Ǽˡ
ҵǲЦĸ׵ǵüһСҲøʰطС
ʰطʲôŰѸڱɴͺܺãҲϵõʷָ˵
˵ʷҪϣǰڱɴȷʵˡ
һǸĸϵʱ˵ϣʷҲ岻֣ƾ׶ˡ
ͣǰֵʱסɴҹͷʷϺͼִƶ˯þ
ԧΪʷϷĴѾߣ¿ȫģòףǣΪѾֲʱ̫̫£ֻæʹɫ
ҲǸԧϵģԧԼʹɫʱ׹ˣҲæЦ˵ɴĸ׶ûסȥСֶסȥˣҿҪˡ
СѲһ㣿ˣСֶĴסʷϵ˵ıӵ
Ŵס᷿ãүڣܲһүϵߵֳû
ߵĸϲԺһΪŴ
ٹԺҲٹԺӣõ᷿Ѿӵ˸ڵԺӣҲǼǶˡ
ǰǰ绹յʱܸءҲæ˵
˵ЩʲôСأѧҵæɡʷæ˵
ǾҽЩùõҲöȥƴ
᷿ҲɣֻǶûסȥˡʷЩԥ
ʷһҪָϽžȻõģ
᷿ʹɨõģסȥҲˡԧҲڱñ߹ġ
ԧǸɫܿǵܵȫܹܼңʷҪʱԧѾѴסĶˡ
Ǿôߵȥ᷿


2 
ôͰѸ͵̫̫ǶᣬϵѾߺ춹ҲڶԺأ
Ҳֺ춹ôһʣϾǰ֮ǸǰءǵĹү̫̫Ĺϵǿİ˶
ϵĴѾ߶ǴżҴģһϣȻ̫̫ѴĺԼ̲ס
ȻҲѴߣۿžǶڣ֮ʥٺǧһѽҪȥء̾˿
οһ̥üѣ۳ſҪӣɩɩҲɩɩָŶȥݣŽľҿ϶ýȥһЩʱաүǸĵģŵ̫̫Ƕ̫̫ء
ߵĸѾͷ춹ҩϼ޽ٹԺģϲ˽춹ҲѾߵ˼ͷ
Ҳˣ̫̫꣬ʱ͵ˣοǴүءζ˵
ĸӷָ֮࣬ʷϹϵãȻһֱʷŸ
˵е춹һ£һͬ˵
ӵݽȥ𣿡תͷʵ
ǰ͵ȥˡܽشͷҲѾ׼ˡ
ô㲳϶̫Ժ̧ͷԼҽƵɫæǰס̫˵
Լ׽̫ûлʺ̫ǹͷ˳Ůӣɰڹأ̫Ҳþ
̫ոձеʱ򣬽عһأǸʱ̫˷ϲ¾ˬɫء
̫һϲǵӣҴɩݻ˵̫̥üѣҲἱææҪ
⺢̥ͱȽϵƤˡ̫ӵ
˵ˣ㣬˵ŰѴ̫סϵ˵˶ʲô飬㶼ΪǼҵĹûҪΪ˵ίԼ
̫ȻҲͷϢ֪Ҳ⡣
ģ˵ҰѴ͹ȥġ
ΪΣ̫ɻɱͿһŰѸò㣬Ķȥ
㣬ǼҸҪץˡȴ˵һ顣
֪ܲ˵ű顣̫û
Ǽңϲ䡣ض̫˵ƽһ飬ʲôرо񣬻Ҫ鱾һҹӪͿʼװ˯
ԣץǰѴ͵ȥ̫·һܣ۾˵
ǰֲǲ֪ҹ䲻ϲˣʱץܵʱҪ鱾ɲʹҹǸģеĳƤ硭
͵ʱǴץ鱾Ҳֲͷ̫Цӯӯϵͷ˵Ǽ˶ˣҲһˣҲͷˡ
һýء̫ﲻ˼æ
˶˵ҴΣ̫ͻȻʵ
̫˵ĵŮ飬ֻȴһ겻˵˶˳ɻ̱ͣ£Ȣ̫ŮҲһμѻǲǻСô
⡭Щԥ
΢˼ң̫ԼҵĺӶסϾ˫ͶСһ;һزˣǲһϿ޻߿˷
ټȻûзţݺ̶ܳȣĻҲܶģҪͨʵۺ̫ӵġ
ģͺ͵ˣҲͬġ̫￴ϵԥæ˵
ΨĲµģҲֻ̫ﻭⲻ˼һٿ̫ɫһȦΡ
㣬ʵң嵽Σ̫ʵ
Ҳʲô⣬׶˼ˡ̫ȻҲԸֻི赭д˵
ýʲôĻأʱ̫ӴżЦ˵
˵ΣǱ񣬼Ǽִ󳼵ĳӣ̫ӴСİԲڹͷǸ̫Ӻͷ¡
̫֪ϽҪģԵǰͷɢԺ̫Ծʹżһ˶
˵Ǽּء̫Ц
ÿͬˣ̫ӺЦ̫һԺתͷż˵Ժ󲻽ˣ׼ˡ
ⲻ֪еԵɣָ̫ǴСĹϵֻЦظ̫˵ǸðԺɵöչЩǼҴ
ȻǼҵŮܲ࿴Щô
˵Цһӣ˵ɫҲˣǾȻȥˡ
ˣŶˡ̫˵ǸϽȥɡ
Ϻͼ˰·ͣתͷҪȥ
G˶ȥæ
˵Ҫչ˽㵽Σԥ˵
Ҫٽ̫ĲڣϽ̫տ϶޿ɺǵġ̫ԤأǼּҵĵֱ̣ӷ¼飬ֱӽЩס
Ҳһ£Լϱ޵ķʸģ˵ãֻһ̫硣
һֱڹ⻹̫ȥһ
ɫҲˣʱһ̫ӣҲûȥʰʰ
á˵Щʣ˶˵޵òã̫֮ŮȻһ竡
竣޸ʼͶĸ׵ѹ檣ɸɾ
Ҳ竣ƵҪʱûԵɣֱӾվһࡣ
ʵ۶ЩȻʺҲôô̫ӡ
ؼµҲûôѡ
ⲻ֪̫״̫֪ϼ̫֪̫̥üѣ˵̫ˡ
õԭչֻ̫̫и˵ķݡ
ҪԺ̫Ӿֱȥ˻ʵۡ
̫ʧĸ˵ǻʵģһ˵̫ҪֻҪֻ̫ʵ۶̫ӡ
̫ǻʵ۾ϸѡĶϱʵ۶ϱҲʮ⣬ټ̫ﻳǻʵ۲õĵʵ۳Ƭֲ̫֮֮ͬе©
óõסҲã̫ȥȪйסһӡʵ˵ȪˣϱҲʡԹ¡
ʵ˵⼸ֵʱҲô̫ӵζͷ̫ӵĸǰշ˵Ҫ͸Ů˵Ҫ͸Ů֧ҵĹǵҲ
͸̫ӵĵױýҪʲôЮ̫
ʵ۶ЩȻʺ̫ӣҲôô̫ӡ


3 
ҵôѸˣ˴ʵ۵˼ԺʷϱżԹǴﻹȲ㣿
ʷһֱѴһ£ɿŶϱΪ̫Ľ㣬ѴƵߣǾһˡ
ҲһǴɩɩ⣬̫̫ӵµ˼Ȱ
ңءһȰ˵ףǶŴ˵ĸ׵Ļȴǲá
ʷϵͷÿֺ۾Լ·Լ˵ʱҭסһû˵
ҲƾƽˡʷϹһ䣬û˵ϵĲǡ
״ҲҲ֪ڽΣӣҲǿƿˡ
ּҵ漮ڽ꣬ĶǴСߵĿƾٵ·ߡ涨ѧӲμӸԣԶԭμӡ
ԼһǰѾ˴ȥ׼ˡ
ҲլЩūǻ᲻źˣԼİĶӣʷҲųʷ϶ԼӵͦģҲҺãѧﶼǹκõģο϶о٣Ҳһ
û˵ͬʷäĿĶԼҶţҲ׾Ͷģ츳ѧֻͷǻҪá
ָԼҶϵճ̸Ҳ΢ܷһԼҶѧʶЩʵǼ꣬Ҳδƹ
Ҳƻʷϵ£ֻ˼䣬ҲֻǸʷϿѧʶá
ֺ֪еԭίĸ͹ùû˼ֻΪԼҶǰԼ࣬ж츳
ԼҶ嶼ȥϼҲμӿƾˣԼԼ游ǺܿģȻ佫ǶԶҲûʲôƫȻҲԼĵȥƾ٣ֺĪϣ
ڼֺѾԼּҹ滮ˣҪĵʱ򣬼ִƽˡ
ү ʷϰżִѵףʵôô硣
ִһѾ߶˹ϴ֣һ˵Ÿȥѧ
ѧ
ֺ۾ˣּҼȻѧôּҲֲǵñżӵܸųǵ·ߵ˼ҡ
ֺʱֻԼ˵û游Ĵ˵ԼҲȥ
ֺͼԼĺִƵע⣬üִƴԼһȥ
ϣǴҲڰִƲԺһѱֺЦŶôҲ游ȥѧ
ִҲ뵽ѧȥҫһԼĴӣҲ۲۲
ү˵ʲôţͻСͷз磬ʱѸ˿ɲáʷæֹ
ִдһҫӵĻᣬ죬֪ʷ˵ʵҲֻܷҫӵĻᡣ
ȥֺĿԼ֮ףԼĵطĻἴߣ鼱֮£Ȼѿڶһȥ
ո˵ʲôִЩţæߵʷ֤˵ȥ
Ǵ˵ˣæǰֺøһù
ȥǼֺ鼱֮²ŷùáֺּηĳҲֻżִƵĲӣһֱظ˵ȥȥ
úúã游ȥִƾϲڴӸô׽Ҳ˲ʷϵȰ裬ֻӵԸ
үͷ󡭡ʷϻû˵꣬ͱִƴˡ
㿴Ǵӣ϶ִ˵
˵ִ꣬ƾͱżֺˡ
ּһһԻһԻٹֱӾռһ֣ٽּ֡ڽҲٶӣҲٽϡ
ּҵѧΪ˼ּҵӵܶ˵ģȻҲٽϣԼִƴ˿̱żֺȥףֱ̧Լˡ
ڼִƵ֣ԭּҵ峤ִʱ򣬾;ã³߹Ҳ
Ƚ¶֮佫϶û֮أôּ·ٹҲڡ
Լִʱ򣬾Ͷ˼ּҪתĵĵ·
ּҵѧǴӼִｨġ
Ϊ򣬼ִԼĶӼ־Ҳȥ˶顣
־ҲЩ츳ʮͽѧҲѾǾˡ
ȼִȥ־峤ԺҲ̳׵־Ҳ־ڰѼּҴ佫ұҡ
ԣ־Ҳʮֹѧ
ڼִּұֵָλߵģԼ־ϲżִһȥѲѧʾһ¼ּҶѧӡ
壿־СıСļִһʱ֮е㲻ϡ
ŶСӰִֶƱҫӵ˼˼־Ϳʼż־ԼĴӡ
ٹ˶Ҫϡö࣬ͼ־ôһ֧־˳ɻ꣬ϥҲһӣ䡣
ΪĶ磬Ϸ˺ͷŮ˵ĳ£ʮֽݡټϼ꣬ӹ͡
־ΪһͳļҳǿԼǸĶĶ˳ۣͲϣܻһˡ
񿴵ֿɰڼִƻﲻ޲֣õĺ۾ļֺ־Ҳʮϲһ·϶ڶֺ
ֺڼ־ּǶ˵ĶˣҲʮֵкøСȻ־ʮֵɣǼֺҲѵõĸӡ
Ϊִƺͼ־ˣһĵİԼĴӣһĵĶֺСֶӣ˾ȻҲʹȥѧ֪ͨһ
ߵѧſڣŷֺ֪ͨˣҲʲô¡
Ϊּˣ˵ѧŵСˣٽϣǾûвʶġ
үүλôˣԵȣСھȥ֪ͨѧĹӭǡ
ѧſڵСأԶԶÿִƺͼ־ѧæվֱӣӭȥ
ˣҲúµĹˣԼͳɡִֹ
ִƺͼ־ԭҲͥŲĴһѧѧûѧĹ㣬Ҳû޷
ãҲѧƽ״־Ҳ͵ҲعǣվžС
ѧƽִҲ˵ģ˵־ˣѧĸҲ֪
£ִƾͱżֺƽϿεԺȥ
ֺԼּҵѧý§żִƵĲӣżִƵĲš
ƴӣҲǺöģ־żֺӣЦŶֺԺҪҪ鰡 
־⻰Ҳ̽˼ͷһѾתˣɸڵٹ˵ҲǸѧĵģǴӣҲ֧Ϊճӵļ⣬ȻѧɵǸҲǸġ
־һֱԼҸ׵뷨üּӦüʱתġ
һд֣־ȻҲٹһ
ƫƫٹĵ˼ִǸϲ˵ġ
ǵÿԺϲʲôִƴ
ߣǽȥɡִԲмȥ⣬ſȥ
־ΣҲֻŲӸϡ
˻ûţ˵һ䣬ǣּңӳˡ


4 
ִƵɫѿ־ɫҲЩÿˡ
ֺżִƵĲӣܸоִƵĺ˲٣˽ǰӾЩ˼顣
ڼּѧּӣ
ּѧﲻӦǶǼּӵôּּӣ
Լ׵ʲô
ʲǼֺò˼飬ִƺͼ־Ҳò˼飬ѧļּӵܸӾò˼顣
˵ʲôֹŭ
ѲɲǣǼּѵźׯڣ
˵ȻȴʵּҲǴӼݺͼԴһ̫²ſʼҵġ
ڼּҵѧ˵żּҵĻ˭̣
£ֹʾվָ˵ıӣŭ˵һ顣
Աȴסֹʵֵܣ˿Ƕ̵ˣϣǳԿ
̣
־ּӵĻԼҷ˵ݣɫ͸ѿ˼֡
Ǽּҵѧһˣռżּҵĵطżּҵ飬ʲôʸ񻹸ҳּҡֹʷ߷߲ƽ
˵úãִֹʵĻԺ󣬺һʣȻͱżֺ߽ȥ
ڿִƺͽļ־ɫ˼֡
ԭִżּҴתģ˰˼ּҵѧ
ǣǵİ˷ˣǻ϶ǸλϹϹսģȫ䡣
˵ѧģǵһ·ͯԿ𣬿ʿ٣˵ô࿼ܲܶһ·ϣ˵ҲһƷСٰˡ
й򣬵ԼСȥ䣬ˤϼ꣬ӽӪȥһУξ
ԣ峤һƳѧģɼּӵѧȴҲǲࡣ
ּѧΪִͼ־峤һƳ磬ʦҪ˵̫Ŷ
ѧǶǼִͼ־Ѿ˼Ĳоˣйʿġ
īֽ󣬼־ЩΪҾƶ飬ԾͶѧķıļ񷢸ҵĹء
ôõּ˲Ըѧȴץӷεּѧ
ԣѧҲ࣬Զѧ飬־Ҳһֻۣһֻ۵ġ
Ͼ˵Լˣʱ˼ּҵĶݣѵ˻ܲżּң
ԣּҵѧҲһѡ
ľֻмһˣȥԭˣЩϵģҲżȥˡ
䵹Ҳ˶ͣĸĸ׳谮úܣǵͣѧҲһѮиһ졣
ԣѧϻڣȻǺӳƴˡ
ԼıЩͨļּӵ
ҲǰͷǾ䣬ּҲӰˡ
Ǵ̼ҵݣ־۶߶վһˣüͷʵ
˲۶̣֧֧᲻һص
˵ִǿ˵ˣȴߴߴģ͵ĺһ
Ǵüҵģǰϵˡ˲ԸⱨԼֹȴһ˵ļװס
ֵϵĽзһ㶼ǵصеĴǼֹּǰ־Եʮħˣĸƽ˼̵ַζͷ
ܼңִƳЦЦܼҵȷʵʲôӣǰĸŴ
̫үǰǿŻ췴ġ
ԱԺǰЩŴֻ̰ܼβˡ˵ٶΪ٣ԭҸе涼άֲˡ
ҲΪʲôõġӵܡֻּѧԭ
ּҵѧɲʲôǡִƿ۸ոջֺȴͬȰڿԵЩӵ˵
³̳ЩǼּҵӵܣȰ˰ɡִƵ˵Լļֺż־˵
ֺû뵽Լ游ôͣΪһ˴ѽ˶ȰˣⲻǽôҪȫֺѾʼȰˡ
ֺ˳ִƵӣ֡˼ͼַȰִջس
ִȴûֺͼΪֺǾԼĶأҲ游Ķǲǣ
壬ҭʳǲǡǲǲ̫á־ҲæȰ
ǣƾʲôΪһˣһӴһһĲ޵
ƾǼּҵѧִƶǸ޵˻˵
ǣּǮѧҲҪεģǼҲ޷ҲǼּҸǵĶݣ񣬼ּҪջȥʲôʸأִ˵
û׶׳𣿡ִתͷ˼־һ䡣
־ܲ׼ִƵ˼ĬĬԡ
ִƵҲ־شʲôֻһ䣬ҼԻһʱ䣬ʱúʰʰѧɡ
ֺԭüִҪ𣬵ǼִǾ䶷׶׳üֺԼ游ȻǸ佫ȴҲǸдǻ۵ġ
ִƱżֺȥ·ϣżֺһֱԼЦԼ˲ֺ
ֺۣæҪƿִơ
ֺôССһ˶ִִƵ˳żֺ뿪˼ֺ
㾴󲮾ǶɵˣԺɲ㾴ظ
ִ˵˻ЦһԼҲԺˣŶܶЩ
ֺһʷϣҪʷǱˣԼ游ĻȵӣҲ߯ˡ
ִΣֻܰѼֺݸʷϡ
ʷϲִֺ֪ӣֻ׽Լء
ôôͻˣʷһ߽ӹִƻļֺһʵˣ
ǴءִæԼһס
ţּҪתءִ̾һ
⻰ô˵ʷɻ
ҲûʲôҲǽȥѧƾ׸̾һˡִ̾˿
ˣ˵һġʷһڵ
룬ΪθȡֶʷΪٹĵĸԭкִܶƾǻʷģʷ˵һ˵Ҳ޷
ʲôʵģȻǳŵٸĺôһʷЦ
ʷϾ˵ԼϮһǶԼһĸֵܼͬʲô̲
ԼİСͬһģȴԼͯʷϾͶԼִƲԸΪһⲻ
ִҲ֪ʷϵĽᣬúܣֻлʵ۸ּңǲǼּõģʷϵĲִҲֻڨЦȥ
ĳŵǳŵһֺγڳŵһּһǰأ
ȶԭս佫ǵİǸ⡣
ЩĻʵۣнأ
ʵĳŵҲΪִʵһֵ֮ͬء
룬ҼҵҪԼƿ룿ִʵ


5 
Ǽִ׵СˣҲǼִƵĸѾٹĴܼˡȢҲǵʷϴʷ޴ĸѾߡ
˿ٹͷʷϺͼִص֮һˡ
ڴСϣʷϺͼִƶ˵ҵĵͷȫҵū
ʱҵСİǶ黹䣬ܵøһݣҲһ
ҺҼҵھѾԼǰ̣װ׹˼ִƺʷϵĴ㣬ȥ̣ԼһûȥƾٵĴ㡣
ǼִƺʷϵҲΪѣӿ϶ҲǲҪģպҪٹİŴС꣬ٹͷͷҲûʲôܵˡ
ֺ͵̧ͷִƣû뵽Լ游Ȼѵ˼ô͸СŻʵһͬš
ǰ߼Լðŵʵ۵ߴӾ·ӣ
ߣ竣
ʷ᲻׼ִƻ˼ЩˣΪβ˵Ѿ
ѾȥϿƾˣ˵ܲУ鶼ʮˣѲʱܡͶʴ֡СҲ
ƾ٣Ѳüˣ
ɼ̳ܲоλԺѵüɸЩһĽӼ
㼱ʲôʥֻҪϲĪ˵ˣǴȥƾ٣Ҳִڵ˵
ʵ۲ᷳµĳֻҪٹܽر֣ƾż̫ӵĹϵ̲һô
ִôһ˵ֺ۾һ֣Լϣǡ
ֻϧִ̾һ
ǼִʱǼ־ʾʾȰ֪ٻˣүһߵ˺ڣǵôżּҴתġ
ȻҲ붫ûгһִʵ׺йء
֦ͬཫĵҲˡʷϰο
*******
ԴӼֺʼ˵Ժ󣬼ͳڼֺŵʱֺһɵĶ
ùø־òãֺһ־Ժ󣬷ԼСֶӲݼҵСһ˶˯ţԼĽҡͷԣɰˣϲ˸ԼСֶӶɡ
áֺЦ
ùùÿϴθǴˡ˷־Цֺ
һһֺڳҲ̫壬Ѷ˶ڳݲҲڸǲ˼ֺļ
øȷʵһʮǹùøȥ
һʮʮ١ٶǧǧ򡭡
ˣҲЪһЪϸɤӡʷڱϿһԺȰǴҲ˳Եʱˡ
ֺΪһų׶ֻܹ̣ܺܳʳӡ
ԴӼֺʼѧ˸ʳԺ󣬼ֺͰ˳Ե
ֺԣʷιҲгɾ͸У΢һ㣬ԼҴӾ죬Сһ
ϲ£ϲ°ִƴЦŽ
ʷϸոι˼ֺһ׵ֺأִôͻȻһţֺǺס
үôˣôҲôأСźʷ
ҲǸִƿ۱ԼŵǺסĴӣЩ
ʲôϲ£ʷϺͼִƳ⳶
ﴫϢ̫̫ӵĵճӡִ˷ܵ
̫³ӣˣ˵ּ̫Ӻ̫Ĺϵǧ˿ƣͼִƾ͵ΪһҾĳӣҲһ˵顣
ʷһʼҲǸ˵ģתͷ룬ԼҴϱĄ̊́ӲˣԼŵĸ޿κˣʷϾ͸˲
룬̫µӣô붼Ǵ󷿵ģԼСȴʲôòԽôˡ
أ̫ϲˣҲܸû˰ɣʷϰ
˵̫岻ôãϴϱٻִ￴ʷϵĽᣬһϲ£ұ˿϶ˡ
ʲô飿
ϸ͸˿ڷ磬Ϊ̫ӼҵĴǺͻ顣ִҲЩ
棿£ʷҲ˲ôϱز飬ֻϲڱӵһź¡
̫ӵĵճŮ̫ӵǻǾ׵ĹԼҺҲǸξ
ԭٹľλǽϮģִһҪǼִսºպսʵдС꣬ҲǸˡ
ŵµĳŵиɵ˺һǲˣٹľλٴҲ͵ͷˡ
ǣȢ˹Ǿֲһˡ
ҲŻʼѪˣǿü顣
Ĵ˵˾Ϊûʵأ˵ʹӣŮͷ⿤
ǻʵ۵ĵŮأĸǸءǰͷʷȻΪּңΪˡ
ҹŻϻǸץִּƵ
ģץԿأܲκβӡִƵĻһʷϱ׼ִƻ˼æ˵
ʲôⲻָΪʲôȢûǻʼŮ
ִƺʷΪżֺĻ¸ˣ˹ֺͲ޳ˡ
ǰȥûףȢϱٳ״Ԫ־ҪȢһò˫ȫŮӡ
ϧǣȥûҵĿĹδס
ֺһԼܵùƳǽܲӣԼѡһ֮ˡ
Ȼ󣬼ֺǰЩԵĹһףһ֪ɡ
ʵ̲סļֺһ˳
̫˵˾ͽͼֺĻ֮ǰ̫Ӿͬʵµġ
ʱʵ۱ִƿЦ˵ҪŮ׼ҡ
ϧǣϥֻдһŮ˳꣬ҸִƵ䶼
ٵЦҲֻˡ
ֺ̫˾ͽĻµʱ򣬻ʵ뵽ЦʱӦ
ֻǣӶףΪԺƣ»ʵҲѹţֻҿͷŵΪʲôּ
ǣ̫ʵͻȻһ˼Ρ
ǸǧѡѡĶϱѲһʬ
ǸС󣬼̫Ӵܴ䡣
ʵʱѾԼôַϵԼ̫ӡ
ʵ֪ԼһΣǲ֪ôģǸΣʵ¡
ʵ۾ѵʱȪй˵̫µӣĸӾ
ˣԭһϲ£ɻʵ۲֪ôͻȻһִʯͷأظĸо
ҲΪ϶̫չ˵ķϣʵҪʩΨһĶӼֺ


6 
̫˳µӣĸӾһֱĲ½Ȫйչ̫Ҳ˳ؼˡ
̫̫Ǻץòһ
ʷϣҲǸδѡ˵ץʱץˣץ֬ˮۣöץúá
ⲻǿŹŵɣӵץôʱôɹʣЩɹ˻붼佫
һӿǹꪣֱķı¹ϹҲס
ʲôģץܱǿǺϲʲôʷϱżֺڼֺһڵǲѽ
Ҫǿںķϣʷٲõóһ䣬ҲЩĹټ۵ôơ
ֺһﺰŲһƿʷϴչ
ѵץ飬ǰҲ˵˼ΪºץܵʱץЦҲǰѵġ
ﵽǸˣѵ᲻֪ҪѡʲôѵץʲôƽһѵСĸоʮֿܡ
 ǺҲءʷϿƫԼʱЦ
ϼŲԸ⣬Ҳû˵ΪһҳĹֵöӸһǶء
ȥһûдİɡʷϴϳȥ
̫µӣλԽȹ̣Ϊ̫ĵӣȻвֻҲء
ּһִǻʵ۸ǰĺˣеҲ١
ֺץЩٹѵôϯ˵ӵӵˣЩûյӣϯģҲʰһȥ
ֺͳѩɰǸѵƢõģŲҲǺǲ˼ҵħǣһͺޡ
ȿʼʱ򣬼ֺʷϻΪʷϱָߣǹˡȻ۲Ҳָͷһֺ
Ͻáиھ˶˶ֺԺЩȵ˵
ɲôٹǰƽӶϱТ˳ӿҲǸġҵĴ̫̫۴СӼϯЦ˵
Ҳ˳ˣϥŮΨһ˳ǳȢ޶꣬ƫƫûһаŮ
ּĴȵþͲؼȥˡ
ֺһ̫̫Χſ䣬䵽һ߳öһ޲ҲͨϼֻϧҪӵ״Ԫ顣
ǱϢûУΣʷ̫̫ʷϵĵɩӣҲù˼ɣʵ
ô죬ҪüءʷЦ˵
ûϢҲ˵ǰˡ
ʷﲻϲԼĴϱȴҲֳʲôֺʷߵɹΧһȦԺ󣬾ͱʷϽ衣
ľҲþûˣѴ͵ǶȥҲ̿ʷϵ
ʷ˼ҲֻǴżֺһϼֺĴĸ߶佫ѫˣҲܴżֺĹǶ¶
ϣǺЩɣֺĴĸҲأֺѩɰĺӣԽЩĸԵĹԡ
ãҽôģѸôáϵʵ
ôЩҲɰЩǰͷҲѾһһŮˣƫƫӣҲ˲Լɩӣæֽӵķӡ
ֺͲ˯ˡ
̣̫̫ҹ˵ʱ쵽ˡ
ңʱҲˣ̫̫ȫǸϽŴȥæ
ּһҶԼֺץʮӣִƻһֺ࣬һץܵĺʱ
ϴżֺȥʱ򣬼ִˡ
ϣҴ游ûаִƴﱧֺ׵
ǿˣҿҫ˺üˡЦ
үˡҴҴҽ˵
ʵˣ˶ʱɫˡ
ֲǸտǻǸʱضû˵ʵˣ˵˹ͷ˭ûȥȵۼҲԹȻʺĶ
ɵԴǻԺ󣬳Ĵȿ˵ȥ󳼼Ҹˡ
Ϊٹʵִ̫࣬ŷ˲յԼȥſڿš
иһݺҲգƤأҾͿ±Сˡ
죬ȥӭӡִæ
޻ҪӣִƻûأʵҲͱСˡ
ٹҲ˶ˣܲʶʵ۴Ȥ
̫ӵʱԭȰݹԴΪʦִƺõĴһӣǸʱԹҲûôϣʵǸʱҲٹʱޡ
ٹܲϤ
ִƵһæҪ밲
ˣɣҸ֮仹ЩСҸĺʱʵһѼִƵ
ִ֪ƸʵǴС꣬ȴ֪ԭϵõ׺ʱ˶ˡ
Ҵ飬һҳһԱ󽫡ʵۿ
Ͽأδ֪ءִƵ
ʵۺͼִƺţʵۻ˾ͽȴ̲סˣһҪֺչȥﻹţܵܣĵܵܡ
ƣǼѾͷôССͣѾ֪ԼŮˡʵ۹Ц·һ㶼Χ˾ȵӡ
ʵԭǴֱּͻģǼӶСδδ֪Բô˵һ֡
ȽҪǲɣǽ⻰ҲԵЦ
ץܰҿʱ쵽ˡʵ۴ߵ
ոձǿ˨һŻµļֺŵϣЩģץܶЩץˡ
СӣץԱߵǰѴ󵶣游ÿɺˣ㡣ʵڱѰԼСץܵĳһڱϺ
ץһߵĺӧǹҲУʷҾ˹ʹһֺǹ㡣ʵֹ
ǿ˨һǰʮûйڵ״ԪɣͻȻˡ
ƫ
ֻոջϣԸ⶯ļֺͻȻҡҡڰڵվһ··˴󵶣ӧǹֱԶıīֽ⣬ץһ
ʵ۵;ˣǵǰϼֻ²۶˶ǰš
ոմ˰İɣ
ʵۿһɫЩڵļִƣԼôء
һʵӡ֤һ£ϵĹЦʵ㿴СΣ
˵ǳרСץõģССɵһͷǶ˸ɫıʯʮֻڣһСϲģ
ʵΪֺ϶ᱻԼĳû뵽ֺССһ˵һԺתͷߵǸ̨
ʵۿԼǶɫʯСֿһۼֺ̨ôҲ벻ֺͨҪ̨ҲҪԼС
лҪ˵
ִƣûڣҲǣûУ㲻Ҫ


7 
һʱ֮ЩΣжһ˿εϢ
Ҳɣ˼ҡ־ʵܲεľ棬Բ
־˵˼ң¿ƾٿϣҲ޷ġһԱվŵүӣӲתһ˵Ҵֶӣ϶ܸ״Ԫӡ
ֺû뵽־Ȼ״Ԫӣü־˵ʵЩ׼ɲôǰɲǸ״ԪôֺԼ־¶һЦ
Ȼ־ûʲô˼ֶЦСһүӶתŷ
־֮ǰԶûУִүӵֵ½˼£˵ġ
Ǽ־үӴְ壬־ܲүô
Ҳ˼־һӣҲ˼ֲԹɫı
ϼ֣ǸɲҪλҲҪȥƾٵɵȱֶӣҲҪǻʵۿִƵɫʵЩѿʵҲ뻺һεգһ»⣬ü־Բô
Ȼվ͸ˡ
վֺץܵģͷּ׵˼ң˭֪¡
ֻм־һ磬λҲӦɼ־̳еģԼִʱҲûһ٣û־ӡ
ƫƫִǼ֢ߵģ֮ǰҲû鰲źá
ִ֮ԭΪӵļ־Ӧü̳оλ
ֻǽ־λͬʱ־ҲӦѼִԭıȨˣ֪־Ǹѧĵİ˵ˣִıһö
ƫƫֶּĵġ
һӵл˵Ǽ־Ĳ̳оλʲôʲôġ
Ҫˣǹƾӣ̳˾λȻТˣȥǰ˻Էأʲôʸľλָֻš
ǣ־ʲôˣϵ壬һΪ׵ˡ
ּڼ־֮ŴּҴתģΪ˸˴ùϵ־Ӳĸһ
־ſƾٽִľλֱԹ־ҵ˼־֮Ӽͷϡ
£˭˲˵һƣ
ʵ۵ʱӵӶµģֻ־Ǵ֮־ⲻҪλԼнʿ֮ġ
ִƵʱ߹شأյϢʱ򣬼Ϯλʥּˣƻ˶ˡ
ƫƫһ壬ʵϣ־ҲֻǼִƸֶٹһˡִż־ֲ׶Ƶôһ١
Ϊ˺ܶ඼һӣִҲڸԼ־֣´˳ȥӰҵĸ顣
ִƢʵڲǸ̵סģִֻܵͷֵܵʥȥ²Լɵȱֶӡ
ʵ⻰һִƶ֡
üһ㵱ֵܣ²Ǽңֱӵ²۶棬ֱӸͻͻˣ
Ҳÿǻʵưˣ˵Χˣǵ˱˼־Ҳ֨
ʵ۵ҲԸٴˣֻҪҲԼڽȥִƲ߱ҲϻӲˡ
ץҲץˣ޻вûˣ޾Ȼعȥˡʵ۴ùĵȻϲ̨ǶпϺõĻ⣬ʹҲĺˡ
Ϲٺᣬ˷߰ɡִĵ˵
˲ˡʵżִƵԽҾ
ǣʵߣСȴôء
ոյʱ򣬻ʵһֱС첲۵ܲˣ˳ưͼֺһ𣬵ʱŷ۵С˶ŶʵۻﰵĿԼһ䣬ƣС䡣
Ȼ󣬴ǾͿʼˣҲעⲻСˡ
ֺ۵ĺӶԼС㣬ΪΪûչ˿˳־ͰץϷŵ黨ݸ飬Լꡣ
鱾ǸտأƫƫԼҹĵܵܣ͵͵ȥһۣ͸ƵãضտػͱʾϲǸܵˡ
ʵ۱ŵʱҲ˵Ҫȥܵܡ
黹ΪܵҲһӣƫƫ游˵ԺܻܵһӣտСԼҺƵõܵܣԼԼѾǸˣܿޣŰǿ
ǣСû뵽ǣܱܵȹǸܵܺÿˣܻܵݺÿĻСʱãҪǸܵһҲ
˶ã游Ҫֿ
СʱͲˣʼС϶ԸԼ游ķֻǺȴǰᶼ
ҲҲܣҪܵ
ʵҲǱԼұŮԵģǶӣʵۿִˣֵŮʵֻץĺ
үүٴҵܵòãʵĺ
ʵҲڣŵļټҲϲ߸̫࣬ҲûȻô顣
Ҳţոջүү˵ܵһءС޵
ʲôһӣֺҲû뵽Լȥˣ
˵ҲУԱߵĶ۹⿴ִƺͼ⣬ִǶЩڣǼȴǿԿЦġ
ϱǶ˰
ø
ʵۺ˰죬ǩ˲ٲƽԼŰСǿǿסˡ
ֺץܳе࣬ȻʵԺôһϯôҳԵЩĲɵġ
ưҪúѧĲãѺ͵Ǽɣү˵ģǼӺһġ
ƣ϶ٹȫ̺ŸүӲˡ
һү˵ҶʱĬİһţʼ䣬ﻹĬţ˺˺
˵׼ңүδ֮ǰ֪ٴμִƣִҲ֪жٴξ̰үӡ
˲ϣҶղġ
ֻʵ۴ͻ飬Ҵԩұ׼ңΪŶŮƣŽٴϵϢ
ôԩңִβ֪үӲǲֻˡ
ϣϽ̺ȻǺĸӾӣҲȻֻɲ˵ġִ˵
ִ˵꣬Լ˸ޣôԼڡԼǸ游ץץԼתͷ͸ѧʺõ
Ҳ޷ҾСүӇNɪ
ִһҭʵԼҴӾȻһһִ̨ƵƤֱûү䣬ִֻϢ
ֺﲻϷţãŰĵǰùá
С߹ùãոǲǹץⱾǸ̨ġƽżֺ飬Ȼֺ֪ŻСʵúܡ
ֺȻǲ˵ԼǹģҪô˵ֺҲԼ뱻Զˡ
ԣֺֻװһӣù
޷ֻùֺǱֺ


8 
˭֪ٹϲˣִƵĵճȻץһץˡһץ̨˭ЩϷ̬ͷ
ǣִƵûʲôĵġ
ڳĹԣȷʵΪϣĹٺ佫ôȻĵжԴڣܻЩϾìܡ
ΣҲΪִе֪ŵλ϶ǲϲĳ佫ϵõģʵ۲ܾеȡ
ϲ־飬ΪֶӶþͲӶɵˡ
ﵽҪ仹ѧģûʲô뷨ҲĵմӲҲȥô
˵ˣץҲһʽһĺӣܶЩʲôÿǷ츳ء
һ򲽽Ҫϲ飬ҲûʲôõģʡĴɱɱģҲóڼҶĵ
ںܲܿУִƾ͸ˣٹǺģ¿ϣΡ
οڶ˵ξ
˵Ƕˣºһĵ竣Ҳû´
Сħǣǫ̂ʷϻڸֺ飬ƫƫֺĶ˶һöģֵ˵ֺĶͷ
ʷ֮ǰʱ򣬼Ϊ־Ϊ̳ѧģִȥּ˴ãƵü־̳оλĳġ
ʷľüֺѧġ
ҾúҲͦõİƽҲˣÿһ飬͸öƵãһ츳İ˵
㻹С㲻ʷ̾˿֪͸ɩӵģȸѵѵץܡ
Ҫ̳мҵģôȥѧء
̳мҵͶʲôϵҿϲʲôģȻҪպϲִ˵
ڼִƿҪǽֺ־ͿҹǸɵӡ
ֺҲû뵽ȥԼѧ·ϵ·ԭΪĸˡ
ףĸסϴǰԺ飬֮Ҳæϵ
ǾɫҲЩˣĸҲ쵽˸ЪµʱʱǴϢۡ
ϾýʱץĲһٹ̳˸ץĶټϼִҲϯ䱻٩ܶ飬¹˶˶ӡ
ԣżһá
һվʲôִƵһۼл͸Ͻ˵û͸Ͻȥ
ּŷ³ТӣִҲԼͼûкɫ
ףҪԺúɡ
ֺĻԼһڿˮǺò游ɿˣȻԼҸ׻ǽˣ
ոִֺƾͺ˼һ۵ôӾͿʼô̵ˣӵôģ
ɵʱִֵüּҸôתĵʱԼִƵҲüԼѡġ
ϧǼȥѧ죬ͱѧְŲȥټǸʱ̫ѡ̫Ӱ
Ҳ۵ûţҲϽȥȥϢɡʷϿڵٴЩˣķ츳ѧʲô
Ҫƽʷ϶Լ̬ȣǻۿżִ⣬ɽ֮ǰ˵Ҫһץܣ΢ЩĹۣųΧ
̫̫ϢϢ
ŻŵʲôӡʷϿֺ飬СѾ߼Ҵҵܽʷüͷûء
ū֪СѾͷҲǸûµģȻҲֻܸɸȵĻʷôѵСѾæŻŵĹ
̫̫СѾͷŲŸͷҲǸոշŽģͻСķϣһذɡæȰ
˵˵ʲôϲ¡ʷϵ
үүˡСѾͷæ˵
ʲôʷվߵСѾͷǰʵʲôϽ˵˵
СѾͷҲǰԺС˽ΪǮżҴҵϲġһֶʶСѾߣ֪ʲô
£СѾͷҲʲôǮˣֻ̫̫ͷõģ
ū澡ūҲ֪СѾͷսս
ϼĸֶǾƿģԿƾٵҲϤúܣ״Ͻ˵ʱ䴫Ƕ˸ˣ̫̫ԺǶүҲͯˡ
żһʿӽ̽˼ҿͯǸոս˿ƾУҲ˵ֻܿŵıӡ
棿ʷϲ
ϱҲǸݱϲʱƲģǻô򷢸ȥǰԺʡæ
ˣԧ죬ȥǰͷʷæ
ԧʷĴѾߣȫֻһյĹԧͰˡ
ȷʵǹ˸ԣҲиͯͷˣ⵹ǼĹţǼڳۡ͢Ͽġ
Ϊ֪ԼһֱżԼ⿴ԺʹʷϢֻǲɣù˵£̫һˡ
Ͱ½ߵСˣֻС˽˶ţиСѾͷСѾͷǸµģû˵
үҲǣôҲ˵Ժæ˵
֪ǺõģҲǵŵܵءʷϵ˵
ϲ飬ǸҲմһմϲʷϵͶһǮɡ
ˣ̫̫ȫһеѧأǸôմմϲæǶԺźҲ࣬ǾǮɡ
һµǮٹļҵ˵ǾţһëˣȻ᲻á
ùҲÿϲȥɡƳոϲСѾͷսսڱϹţæԼ˵
ոСѾͷڰգԼֻһϲˣºˣǮòˡ
񿴵ǸЩա
û£ȥɡϵݹȥ
СѾͷϵɫЦӯӯģСѾͷŸˣл˶ųȥ
̫̫˵Ĵϲ£Ҳϯ棬һǶ廹ϱߣֻԺԡϵ˼Ǹͯǲ־ôҲðˮϯϼϷӺúõһ
Ĳ˵ʱΪ׼ңǿ϶Ҫġż˾ʿڼͣүӶѾ̽ˡܾãҪⲻֵöһ
ԣԾҪϯԴΪǣʾʷϣأȼţ԰ĸЩ
˵Ҳмֵǵţٰ죬ǻܰĸЩʷϳƬ̵
ϵļֺһ±ƣʲôиͯðϯ
ⲻ־ô
ǰͯʲôʱţ껹Ǿꣿ
ֺǵǰԼ֮ͯ󣬱˵ϯˣ޶ûõֻϲĹΡ


9 
ȻĹټͥ־е飬ڼּ游ͿʼԺյ˼ңҲˡ
Ͼ˹ʮ˼ҼһĶĸͷ⣬˵ǻԭƿˣǶ飬ҲԼСء
ԣѫóϢļ١
ۡϿͯϢҲȻܿûɻأһʱ֮䣬Ҳǳ˻гѡ
ֳϢĺŮҡ
ʱ򣬼Ҳˡ
ԺԵģֻһǳһǻһˣʱЩˡ
˸ԣ緢ʱļһһ·ʿء
ԣд˵ǲˡ
ʷȻ˼ӣҲĳۣҵӵǰ̡
ټϣǼּҵĵطǶּһʮء
լǰոմȥɵģլҲС
ʷҲʵڲõļڽ״ΪԴԴϵ˸˵ףæµ
һʱ֮䣬ҲȻֵĵط
ϾŮҲͷ˼ңҪģԵҲûֱǲýŵģʷ̽ڷġ
ڼֺ˵ⱾҲûʲôϵ
Ϊʷϵĸαʷϥ£ʷȻҪѼֺһˡ
һǻգһҲҫһ
ֺͳðװ֣һһ̫̫ǰģСӣ˭᲻Ҫһء
֪Сֺ̫̫˼Ժ󣬾Ƣȥˡ
йǻùøɣء
ǰͷп̫̫ū澴ȥءԧЦŴӽ
ҲȥֺͷҲ˲٣ҲȷԼĹ۵ˣҪùһ𡣡
Ϊ֮ǰĶ̸Ļµģ϶üһСԼֺ˵Ҫһ
ҲȥءԧЦŸֺһ׵
ҲȥƵȻĻ²üɼҲǺô֪һЩ֪̽Ļµġ
飬ʲô
Ǵˡԧ˵
ˣ˵Ǵ̻ˣҲκԼҽûŵĿģЩ䵭
̣Լֺ𣬼ֺûڼǰƺŸոռĳƺӦǼĽ㣿
ǸĴǵãôֺץ綼û
ʵüֺЩ֡
ԧֺظһո˵ʣֻǼֺЩ棬ֺ˵
̣ĴùáǴүĽ㡣
ùãָָֺ
ɲֹùãùأԺͿˡԧˣҲʰ׵ˣұ˸ȥɡ
ȥɣҲȥġȥ˵ҲҲ粻
ֺӡԼҹù׵ģӼֺûùõôˣü˲ӡ
ǴôˣСҲ֪ǰšԭҲǸ쵰ŵʱ򣬵ҲмָŹ󸾵ӣֻһ˵Ǿֻʾ̱
⻰˵õ֣ǰݸӹҲó׺׼ˣתͷ
ϱɹʯҵӣҪŵģ׺ˣŷ˵ˡ
ҪѰĹʷڣҲѾ˵õľۻλ̡
λЩһλ˵ҲھͷԴϼ޸⿪ʼϾûλ̻عٹǵһţȻҪ֣Щֻʹȥɹ˸ţֵǸ
˭ϵһ˵ԼҶûأȻҪȥ
ҴҲǸŮҲù˼ŵӡ
ңһ̵ܻ
˵ԺҲ𣿡ʷԭͲϲŮƫƫŮһž˵ԼұӵĲǣʷܸɫŹ֡
ʷ⻰ɫŤһ£ֺƤ˵ѵ̫̫ݲŮ
Ҳʲô棬ֱ˵ɣʲô顣ʷصķ²
û黹ܡ
û£ʹ̳Űɡʷϲȴ˵ֱ꣬Ӿһ˲Ϳ͵ļ
Ա߶þˣԼǸӵģ༱ӣǵһؼ
Ůλȷʵ£̲ոʷԵģڰ
żҵøܵͬһͣȢҲϼס
ʲôֺŴͣĿɿڴĿԼλùá
ΪҪ⼸ε̽ڷ磬ʷ϶ϼֺҲΪֺͻС˵Ҳ
ֺô̽ڷģһοôֱӵġ
ʷֱ꣬Ӻһ룬Ͽһŵɫԡ
Ӳ϶ǸԴôӼ޵ƽȻּҺżҶôƽϻ֪Щƽġ
ƽͺʵľһǸﻹǸ
Ҫ˵ƽʲôڵĵĴ˼ңŮҲܿһ£ƽǸŸͷ仧
ŲԵģʵ벻ͨ׻
̫̫û˵أֵõ㣿бۿϵ
̵˼ҵ˼ʷϺ˵ôˣҲˣи磬Űɡ
οߣиֱǼŴ̳ŵġ
Ҫ߸ȥǰºݻ
̫̫үǶŮЩΪӣ֮ìܡ
޽֪е顣İɣүǶҲġʷϼϱΪԼģҲϸĹ˼֣ԸϽ˹š
ΪִƵĵһӣ˵ֻһŮɼִƵ׶Ҳм۰
ԴﵽҪӵͣȻʷϲԸܣɼִƵҲŸŮһ˼ҡ
ִƱԼһſҲܵѹסڼִƵķϣҲȻί˴
ִƾϸѡãµһУξ˵ڲǸƷС٣ȷʵſոǿֻҪиĻᣬǿ϶һɳӡ
ΨһĲУξũңҾôá
⵹Ҳʲô£ٹĸȻһݷļױ
ѵԼҹô
ִʵһź£ļױˣһԺӣԺԸСס
˭ϵﲢԸ޸ôСУξ
ǹҪ޸ôһС٣ýǿô


10 
ﲻޣúøִ˵ˣԣִƷϵ̬ȣҲǻͬġ
֮󲻻ôңɵҲᰴŴҪ󣬸һġ
Ǵﲻ֪ĸԾһӦżִƸ˵£׶충ˣһԼƽ򸮵ӡ
ȵʽףзƸգͻȻ˻飬˵Լƽ̥ˡ
飬һãٵּҵ
ԭԹ۵ʷ϶סˣϥ¿ɻмŮء
Ȼ˽ӶڶˣΪҵ˳ɻ飬Ǿֻôôһˡ
ƽȻ˺ͷȴûôʣǼ˹ʮ˼Ҳͬ˹ʮ˼Ҷǿŵ̫սսõľλ
ƽǰѫ󣬲ΪͶÿ죬άסôλ
˽˲Ż˼ҹʡ
ƽżּңּҿ쵶ն飬ƽҲٹء
£ּҲ˲ʲôʲôˣҪǴﶼֱӴ޼ˡ
Ϊ²棬ִ־öԲԼԴļױٲֻʷϰžð졣
ּʲô
ǰͷƣּһûڵʳء
ʳ˼ңܸټױ
ʷϱҲʹӲԼŮĲϲοŮ˵ĲأӰּҡ
ʷﻹĸðױֻ֧ǧù¿ð졣
ٹŮҪ޵ӷˣܵίֱڻϷ˺ݻ˵Ҳˡ
ȴ޵ƽ֪Ҳʡ
֮Ҳ϶Ŵ磬ִͶŮʧˣȻռʲôˡ
Ҿ˵ҪĻ¶ҲʡЩ粨ʷ̾˿
֮ǰΪ˼õż챻̤ˣʷҲֻҫ
ƣôһöӣȻôš
ɿЩţţʲôĳö˵ԺʷЩ꣬㶩ء
ֺװոӣͷʵ
ǺҲ֪Ҫж˰ʷ϶ֺ
Ҳ֪ôǶү̽ʵ
ӣ⣬ǵദһӣȻϣܵһӺһ沣ദҲ
Ҳʲôܵ£ټϣʷҲϣæ࿴࿴˵ҿҵĴףҲ֪֪׵ġ
ǹүƫƫ˵϶ĳ·ӣŸẲּҽסʷüͷ
ϱԼѡģȴϥ³ģʷϵȻԼѡһԼĶϱ
ҺͼּңʷһǴӽģֶ׵ģѦһ𲢳ƽĴ塣
˼Ȼ֪֪ףҴҲʷϿųģɣ˵Ļһһ׵ģʷȻϲĹԼĶϱ
үҲϱߵĺˣǸּҲŵԡ
أһѧʿҪƽʷȻǿ˼ҡ
ǣʷҲִ֪˵е
ּѾĸ󣬿ĳһȴǸǳ
߿ƾٵ·ӣи̵ֳǲŸнʿЩ
οżŮȢϱϱŻЩҲ޷
ԣʷϱЩᡣ
ϱѡҲ࿴࿴ҹΣϾżĳ֮еͷҲ϶ܱԼ˽ҡ
ǸģҹҵҲǸȫ˶Цŵ
пܣȻϣԼδҹϾҺϰͬҹҲǸӡ
Ҵ˵˵Ǿǿˣ沣ŵ㡣
ֻŰǿҹȻ
ʷҲƾ˵һ䣬ϱѡܵõȵܶҲ
ֺԼĻҲܿһԼǿҹ
ֺҲʷϼҵĹӣֺҲýֵüլ
ԼֺŹȢϱҲҪȢϱ
һ˵ҪȢϱǾḡˣǼֺͻСʷϺϿȢϱʲô˼ġ
С˶˵ҪȢϱԵʮֵĿɰ
ϣǴҲȢϱˣʷϱֺЦ
Ŷ󰡣ҪȢϱˡյ˵ֺ
ǺȢʲôİʷ϶ֺ㿤Σ
ϲ𣿡ֺһӣҪһϲĲС
ϲģͲϲЦ˵ȴͻȻҹòƶǲġ
Ͽ˿϶ϣӸԼһȤõģǱ
㱼˵˵ҹû飿ԥһԺ˵
ˣǼүٺŮ޲űǵµģ˵ֻҪῴ˱ˣ¶ 飬ǼҵŮӹܼҶһѺ֣ȴʶʷЦ˵
ΪʷҾ͸ףʷҵĹ̫̫ʷȻ֪ҵĹصġ
˵ţʷϾ￩һ£С˶˵ȢһԼһȤõĹοء
˵ҹóܼŪȨɵ׼ǴӣϱúõģҲôϱŪȨⲻҪլô
ʷ̧ͷϣϵҲܻ䣬ֻһΪǵ˵ҼǵǶүѾ߶ʶֵģţүܻϲֵܶģҹģԺҲܶŶүϽү˽ʿǾЩ˼Ķһݰ
ʷصʲôǼǰ̰ˡ
ôһ˵ʷϵҲƫҹˡ
˵õҲмֵʷϻ˵ҵȵȣ˵
ʷţȼˣʼϲҲ١
οǼǸʱţҲǲһ˼ҡ
ϧǣʷԸעˡ
ԭͲʲôڶ츳Ӳˡ֮ǰͯʱٱĿȻǿò
ɵȵԺʱǾͲǼ򵥵ıˣҪ徭ʱ񷢱ˡ
ԳΧˡ
ǰͷͯԵʱ򣬻ǰأԺԾɽˣ˼д˵Լûϡ
ͷڽֻ¼ԼдŻȥ飬ҲԸճ֣ٹǶ»ӡͲˡ
⵹ۡѰ˺ü飬ûԼҵܵܵ֡
Ǽϵ̫ãҪǸʷôһ˵ʷϿֻտڰԼҵܵأȻҲ˵
ԣȼĻصٹʷϲ֪ûϡ


11 
̫̫үˡʷ˶֪үԼ̫̫ĸ⣬ǹڶү飬Ƕ㲻ҵⲻһŷ˵ˣæ
ˣʷϵҲ˲æҪȥſӭӡ
̫̫𼱣үҲѾ밲ˣšõĸ׵ȥӭӶӵģϼ״æȰ
ʷһҲǣŷ˳ӭӼĴ㡣
ҵĶôݳӡʷϿæȥס޵
ԭ־ȥԣз޵ͯ˭һ䣬Ǹһŵʱƫƫɽˡ
ж⣬ڵļжʧ⡣
֪Լûһ̣ͿʼӱˣҲԸѺլǣֻҪؼҡ
ߵСҲֲԼҶүֻʱѰһҴԼҶү
ΪʱѰĴֲǼǣʶû׼׵Ϳˡһ޼ʵĽʲôԵģǴӽﲶˡ
ȿʼֻոʣٺóԵ㣬һϼգҲһζŻˡ
˵ǼԴӵ֪Լû֮Ϳʼ費˼룬һҪҪѰģˣǸżЩС˶һȦ
ϿʧӾ￩һ£ڽַؽ磬Щ֮ģֱ˰ɡ
Զ󿪵ѾʼһԼԺи沸Ӧˡ
ĸףӲТûСʷϾ͹¿
ҵʲôءûãûϻԼи̻֮س沣Ц˵
һ˵꣬תͷźСӶתͷֱÿԼСӵỹأϲžԼòƺ˵ˡ
ƾֶҲм˵ͷģ֪ͻڿͯĶȱȽǣүͻСأһؾˡæڵԵĲ˵˵ҵǿʿҲǵڶزеء
ȻԼ׵һûеԭΪһοԵʱ˿ƾ׵Ĵ󰸣ʱ˵ĳɼȡ飬Ҳû˵ֻ˵үӶء
֪ͷԵɣΪһˣʮ־үѧ̩ģԼүӵĲ࣬ͻȻԼòҲʲôԽܵ顣
ɩ˵ͦеһôӣҪҵôҪ˵ûϣʷȻʧģǾͯõż챻̤Ƶĳġ
ǵʷϰӵռϷ磬⸱겻ӣҲöӸԼ档
ʷһȰ˼ңҲҪ㺮㸸ϸӣҲͰˡ
˵μɽûйǴԼҪе뷨ģʷô˵˽ƲƲ죬˵ԼŲҪ٣˼ɵոձԼһֲҸʷǺ
ӲԸɩôô˵̫˵
ϱС˵һ±ƣǿż־ӣôȰģοβУҲʲô˵飬ʲôܽġ
үֲǿŻС
ԸʷǰΪĸֺʷҲζϰӰżң̫ҪڼּС͡οҪ˵ɩĸֵܵģҲûôѵɩӵģɰ˵̨յüˣղԼ
̫̫ȥͷˡҲܼ˵Ļֻʷϸһ
أǹɩҲ˵˵ʷҲû뵽ԼҶһ仰ɩӣƫģҲûʱάֻ˳ϵĻȥֺ
үˡĴѾϢԺæ˵
ˣȹǾȥǰͷÿ࣬㿴ô
ҵĺù𼱰Ҫȥǰͷס
ˣβǰȥʲôǲ˵ģ㻹֧֧ģ
˵үòûС֧֧
ȷʵٵȵȥʡö绹ǨŭҡڸЩһֱΪתˣúܣԼλҲô⡣
ûУֺͷһɻ
ʲôŲ־ô⻹ܲУ
ǰʮ俼аףֱӳΪļֺԼҶ壬ʮ߰ˣ˵Ҳʮ˵ˣɡ
ҪǼִڵģٹ죬ֺ뻳һ£ǲ˿ƾף͵͵ԼҶľӣǵж˲Żῼϰ
ѽûţǺúúö飬ܿŰֺ֪ͷɻʵҲ˲üвеˣֺֻ
Ҫ״Ԫֺ׳־
úúãùõŸ״ԪءЦ˵
㵹Ǻ־򣬡ϸոսţֺ⻰ЦһѼֺǺɵúúö飬ʱŶвˡ
Ϊոձһ磬˵ʱҲһ
ҲšСҪõһ
ǰԪڵļСʾػһܱ֮ܲǰɡҲǿƾٵ߳ɾҲԪˣȻССѻһԼļ¼ء
ɩɩ˵ʲôĸоæ̽ʵ
ûУȻЩԹСǶܵСӵҲ޹ء
Ĳۣȷʵеģ㶼ЩҲĲۣдĻŽ⣬ֱǲ֪ơ
뵽ֲ̾䣬ҪСǸжֳҪϲ١
ƫƫǸŮͬԼһֻںլ
ۣùƽֺֻ飬ʷճ˵ʲôŮӼңֻʶü֣ϹͺˣֺֻԼҹùҲֻʶְˡ
Լ˼ǣùòʶ֣۶᣿
ùÿǸŮ˵ˣдʫùÿɶǸ̳Ҳùòȥƾ٣Ҫȥ˵ʿٵøǿ϶еġϵ˵ֺŵùеѧء
ƣҲǺͿˣôС˵ʲô˽ʿġϿԼҶһӣΪˡ
ֺȷʵֺҲû뵽϶ԼôߣѹԸԼ͵Ҳ϶üԼɵ뷨ͷɡ
ֻǹùúͶһĸͬôôء
⼸ҲҶ࿴ŵֻ㷿һҲͰˡ¼ΪϷ蹷ҧˣҪǵʱֺǰҪ˸飬ΪǼ˼ֺء
Ҳÿŵأӣƻȥһءͼˮݵģûϣżƽɣƻȥ侮ʯһء


12 
ǰͷС˵ˣǲûСϻȥʱ򣬼ŶȣһŲյһˡ
㲻֪ôϿɷɣһ۵
֮ǰ⿴ۡʱûͷ֣͸˽˵һأ׼
ʷ϶Լĳ谮̶ȣӳ飬ǵʱһء
ٺ٣Ҿ˵СϣЦɣҵȥףһ¡
վҪͷȥæסҪȥſڷűڣϸү㡣
ոջʧĻģҪǼȥſڷűڣǶֵ֪ܲ͡
Ҳ˵ˣʷֺƫӣֵóһ
ңͼֵ˵ŲͣʵϲһЩ㹷СĦˣʲôֳƼ͵˵䣬ʲô⵱Ǹ
Ҫüȥ˱ڣֵҲɳˡ
ưǴ̼ģȻȥſڷűڡЦ˵
ͷҲɣͷҲСϿӣܲ³뷨
úúã˵ǣԲȥǡæĵ
С͵ӣǶЦϡ
ҲÿȰס̫̫Ҫү˸ͯͰϯǾЦˡϸ̾
㻹ǲ˽˼ңиͯҲͷһˣǲ֪ŵʱǱ߰ˮϯһءԱ˵
ǲ̫ЩԺĿ࣬һ˵
Ǽֲûнʿ㲻żˣǼּ˴ͷһţȻһˡ
ԭּҲǸӣǵʳģһԵ𣬻óԿʲˣǮƹӵܶ顣ȵԴһǮơ
Ǹʱ򣬼ж̫սϿͷսأ鵹ܶˣǶҲǱ顣־ɲǵһô
Ҫ˵ǴԺҲǸһ佫·ӺãǼּҾʹûж֡˵
ǼûУǼҿɶǶˡ
Ҳǣ˵Фˣܸһܷ̽ЦǸˣһͻȻ¸ǣվҪš
ȣȥĶϸϼĽŲֻںͷʵ
ȥǸȥص
żѾţҲ׷Ƕһ̲סЦ̣ôү˵ǸСأʶֵʱ򡣡
ҲЦ˵ȻԸ飬ǾȥɣҽҲõϣҲʡȥҶү鷳
ٹŷôҲ벻ףԼҳԶȥ꿼ԵĶүͻȻʧǵĻؼˣ֪ͨöûС
ȻԼҴүͻȻһ顣
С磬ͨһ˵ҴүѾ˹ˣǸ˽ȥء
ԭҲǲṩͻַģϾļ۸ߣҲأѲɣһ黹ţⲻЦô
ɽʵǸˣ˵˼ҵݸߣٹĴү˵˼һž˵Ҫиƾйصÿ
ͷ飬붼ΪƾٷۣЩɷʷŸƾûʲôϵѵƿʱ򲻿ɷ
ִү˵ʲôƾйص鶼Ҫ
ٹֲǸǮ˼ңƹȻǰе飬ЩŲػҵ鶼óˣԷһ
ʱ⣬û뵽ԭͿƾصô࣬С˶û˵ˡⲻֱӾˡ
ƹʧȥôһˣ˵ŵġ
Ϊ֮ǰҲûҵ񣬾ĳСͬڵĳġ
ʲô飿ǼҴүģŷԺʵ
ɲǣС磬ˣϽɣ⳵ǽģ㻹ȥءСߴٵ
ðƭٹˣҲǼүǸʲôġŷһŤסСĸ첲һֺһŷСڣȥ׸ţ˵ٹƭˡ
ǲǣС磬ҲƭӰСæͣǸǼҴүġ
㻹˵㲻ƭӣҲǼҴүôȥ顣ҲñؽȥˣҲףǼҴү飬´ƭʱ˵ǼҶү
˺ţüִû
δǸʲôأſڵĳɺͳ
үģƭӣƭ˵Ǵүһ飬Ҫ˽ȥأСѾСȥűˡ
үС治ƭӣСǱīիСҴүġСԭΪƾżô󷽵ɣͻŻһò£˭ϵƭӣۼ˵ˡ
Сžˣ֪ͲԸЩˡ
úӣȱޣ˵ǼҴүǵ飿ִ̽ʵ
ǰү˵ƾйص鶼ףΪ̫࣬үҲò£С
֡ѧ飬ǿƾйص飿СʱԼ̼֣Ǹһ˯ŵӣִҲɵûǰǸƭӡ
ʱС޵ʵңԱҲ˵ģīիСȥһʱ֪ģֲƭӵɡ
ȫ˫ȥѴүǲ顣ִƷԸԼС˵
ִƻ䣬Ҳ˽֣ûظⲻɾô
ԼҸסɷվڴſڣһʱ֮䣬ͻȻ뵽һʣмѻء
װүԿԼҲӲǣֻӲͷƤǰ
飿ִʵ
ǣǶġæ
ش̫죬üִһ֣ԼʡĵĶӣ飬ʵҪµĵĸо
ִʵǻɣ̲סȥ˷ǵϸߵһ顣
Ҳûʲô⣬ȷʵ顣
ЩʲôͻȻӿҪʼˣΪҪݣִЩɻһһ⡣
ⲻôҸ飬úö飬Ҳһֱ׳
㵹ǳϢˣ㲻ĶӸִһ
ΪԼ˹أոҪһżִʵΪλҪݣ
ԭݵ˼ǿúһ˺棬һúÿ
ǵżִƵ档θô˵֧֧˰죬˵һܵ¡
˵Ժ󣬾;ԼʵǺãҲֱ׳˲١
ҾǸ飬ôˣ
㵹ǳ˲١ִֻǼո֧֧Ĳ˵ΪѵùĵܵܣЩŤһ


13 
Ȼˣָ͹ȥɡִЦе˵
ģĿǿΨӶøڽżƵãҲҪһִȻҲϣӲ˵õĸһƵãôҲѵܹ
ۼóӿϣֵ֪ˣô飬ִƾ;ãý˶磬ֵܻɸΪ񲯡
ִͻȻãҲμûϷһ¡
ȥʵû뵽ոԼΪܺõĽڣʯͷҵԼĽš
Ҳ֪ǴСʼ͸ìܣϲòüŵļȴ֪
ƽʱͼ飬ֻһֺõĻԼӣƻᷭһۣȻ˵ˣֻǴҲ֪ƾٵ飬ǲҪʲô顣
ڸոռûϵĵȥ飬Ҳ͸Լڴſڷűףûûʲôˣ˵ǾͶ
Щ飬ԼǱ΢ֵҲߵͷˡ
ⲻԼԼȥ͵ôɹֲԼͷϡ
ͻȻַּ۸ĸоʱҲոЩеûˣֺֻĶŷ˵δȥС˹ҪǶүȥء
ǰͷҲ˵ˣʵЩ࣬װ
߰˸С˲һһ鶼ĴŰ˸СżԺȥ
ԭ⻹Ҫʷʷ϶Լƫ̶ȣԼٲóһⲻô
ȥʷҲѾ˵˻˼ȥϴһһ˳һٷҲؼƽˡ
ƹãСԺȥ
ôֵĴôһȺˣʵҪµӡ
ûϣеʱ򣬱ǰЦһ£ڳϣҪǰɥأ־ͬʵǻ
ͼصԼԺôһ򣬾ѾˣԭڼǰĴѾߣΪͷʱ̫رһ١
ԺΣʱԼĲԣү˻ؼҡ
ԺſŵСѾͷ˵һȺ˹ǲҵ飬æȥͨ
ʲôɫЩѿҾ֪˿϶ҪҵЦˣغԺţ
Ǿ仰˵ŵСѾͷá
СѾͷӦ£Ѿˡ
ʲô˼˭ţȻòŵģһ˵СѾغԺţԼԼˡ
㻹Ǹˣѵֳ֪ҪҾ֮⣿˵
㲻ҵЦôˣ𣿡ż˵
˰ȻܵܵĲֳֳ֪ȴǶ㹻аġ뵽ܿԼŵĳ棬ͻȻˣЦе˵
棿ʲôģ
Щöص˵ŸʲôȥͷСǽСѾ˵
ȻΪԼҴԼͺöļͿһӵСˣһӵ飬ǸɥĴ绹ǶЦе˵ܣ㿴Щ飬ã
Լȥɡ˺þñһ仰ҲŲҪ
֪ʲô£
ұ֤Լʶ϶֪ԼûԺôġ
𰡣ܣɶǸȥĸƾйص飬ҲúúõĿҲʡٿСӣҲ˵һ䣬ʵǷûš
Ҽǵô鶼û꣬ƾٴҲûӴʲôá򵹲飬ÿ˵ʲ⡣
ЩӳȥԼѾǷ쭵
ǸҸ͹ġڱϣе˵һ
˵꣬Ҳٶය¼ȥʷǶ״æСǴʣȥֺǶ
żֺأҲͷһθɣҲ֪˵ĽȣֻǴСġ
˴ôʲôԺҲЩƣһ䡣
ⲻǴϲôҾͶżǿǷѼţڼȴЩ顣
ⶼŵĶЦſʼ̺־أЩ飬Ҳõȵ˲ſһЩԺ˵
δ䣬׷ż
еʱžܱը
£Ͳܲ˵ÿʼ޲ķ
ŮӻҪ꾲ΪÿҲǶ飬ӦöЩ߲ǣϾŮ޲űǵ¡
ôһ˵ʱʹסˣû׸ԼϵͺܺõĶ磬Ȼô˵
ʱҲ벻ʲôֻᶼҪˡ
֪ŭǶǶԼģ֣֮ҲЩż֪κźãֻܼת
֪֪֪仰ǰͷһǡе±ǲšûвˡֺ˵
ֺ仰ﲻ˵ûвţͷе˼Ǽ¶ûС
ֺһֱ׵ĹùñᶼҪˣ¶ûʲôøС
ֺҲ˲Լᱩ¶ǰļֱӾȥ
ԭ˵ԺͿʼˣӣҲ޲ôԼһӣǸӣҲֻǸż˵ʲô
ֺôҲҷ
ԭ˵һȺȥ˼¼£żҴҵĸ˹
ոյſڣǾ䡰Ů޲űǵ¡ΪһŮˣ˭仰
ʲôŮ޲űǵ£ֻҲ֪ı׫ģүҪƾٵˣʥǣֻƵ飬ٶΪ˵
Ů޲űǵǼ鿴ãֻͷ˶ôżסôһ䡣
ƫƫôһ仰Сֶ˵һҵĴɩ˵ʥ飬ÿ
ʱ򣬻˵ʲôֻܻһ䡰һҪ飬ˡ
ãҲңҪǶܣҲ֮֡ȼ֮æģҲ˵ҸôͷҲǸ
Ҳᣬָ˵ʲôҪ򣬵м飬øһ¡
ʲôֻ˵
ҺҽҲã绹üҸʦǡ


14 
ҵʱΪҲѧԵģʲôȴҲ˵ҪȥʿģȻܸһ̷
ҿɲЩɩɩҪʼ⣬⾩ļҾ¥Ĳóԣĸط棬Ǽ϶֪һʲô飬ʲôƾ٣Ǽֻһͷˮˡ
ҸЩ⶯үиڼأүӸϻʱ˵岻ãɸԭǴŮ̫ˣڼŽء
һֻǷţֻҲǷţȻҪõģȻüֺү̳̩ɵġ
үǶǺ˵ϺüλңүӶֺ̼ǣЩԥ
ҪȥżɣƱصˣʷϰѺһ᲻úһС˶뿪ôʱ䡣
ֻʷϲͬ⣬æظ˵ֻȥ˵˵
أɩɩֻܷģҰǻءҲ͵
ֺһһ䣬ͲʽɵȫˣЩСĿ̽᲻̫ˡ
ֺʼǲԼոĻ̫ڳ죬ǶʼԼ޻ˣ̽ء
ȻôԼ궼Ϳʼʽɵˡ
ǰңɾݼͽҲԺſʼɵģ֮ǰҲǼ˺ҵĽһЩǧġ
Լǳ佫ô
ⲻӦøӲѧϰһЩô
ܱǰɻҪһЩ
ȥѧʵ
ԭҲǿźѰͯһ鲻Ŷ˯ţǿ˺ŸֺʽɵġǺڻԸɣոķǲˡ
Ҳǲȥѧֻҡϻֺܲȥѧô޲ܳ󣬺ȥμͯԣȻһ·ԪտнʿҲûң࣬Ϊոʵ¡
ǼֺⲻھԼǲ̫Сô
Լ֣ͻȻ뵽
㣬ʲôǲ֪̫үڱ㻹СһЩʱ򣬾Ϳʼ鷿أͳˡæ
鲻ãͲǿ⣬һشԭΪ̫ӵİ̫̫㣬ʲô飬ֻҪ̫ǽһ飬̫Ӷڻͨ
̫Ǳ̫ӽεģڰܸܲϽȣ̫Ǹùܵ顣
ϺȵļϿεʱԶܺ˲Ź֡
أ˾Ҳ;ͿʼɵġҲæ
ڶ鶼ô𣿼ַϵĻԺЩãȻɶôģ
Ҫǰļ䣬ǺܱܿȲˣ
ǵһļֺΣͻȻˡ
Ҫѧ
һȥдŸҵϵ
ԼԺԺ뵽Լող˵ĻСûô޹ΪԼĻﺬӣԽЩ
ļǶǸֵļ⿴ֵóЦԼһֻܰͰ͵СѾȥԺſţȼ֮ȥҼ
ˣ
ڵõСѾͷ϶ĻشԺ󣬼æߣȥ
öүȱ𼱣ȥҹģҲôǡĴѾܽæס
ܽµʱԸԭ¼Щֵóһ
˵еȥʲôʺ͸ġæ˵
ܽҪ˼СⷿѰң˵ˣȥöϢˡȥǰҵõĲ
ǵƶүԼãܽʵ
ƻ֮ǰڽ꿼ԣͯʱѦġⶫֽԲ׻ܿĻˣӽؾǾͲ֪˶Сġ
͸Ķãȥɡ
ãոһʱģò죬ԭż˸Ҿ
ܼæܿˣ˵Ժ˵ҲעЩ
ո˵꣬תͷܽŵƣæ˵֮ˣõŰͰ͵ĻͶ
ֻҪԭңٶĶҲΪæⶫһõʱ˿϶ʺ㡣
ҲͲˡЦ鷳ֱܽӸҷŵͷȥϿá
ֺͼ˵һлּʲôƵʵãոǾ仰̵ģ
ʵûͷûԵģʲô
Ǿ䡰е±ǲšŵϿڣǳͬһƪµһ㣬ֻǻȥַ˷飬Ҳûҵ仰ʱŮ޲űǵǰͷһ䣬ɻȥ飬Ҳû仰
˵Ů޲űǵ£ɫһЩֻ˵ǾŮ޲űǵ£϶ûдֺο˵ĻǴڶ׫ġ
รɫѿ˼֣ګګӦһ˵Ǵ̵õͦŵڶֵġ
Ҫ˵ֺù˾ֺҹദļǼֱ˵ĻֺɫתΪ硣
ϲ˵ҪҪԼɡüԼ˵ѧʶԼû˵
Ȼˣۿûϣͣ¾ӦҪճˣִ͸ʷżĻ¡
ִƲ֪֮ǰϺͼѾоݵȰһʷˣֻʷϻϲҵĴ
ִȴǲôңϾүȻڹźǸʮʮķʲķʲҲүܳõȥġ
ϾķʲпҲ˸ۺȻҲͶˡۺ쵹Ҳ޷ǹⶼŵĻʵҲۺ죬ǿҾ͵ôѪˡ
ּҺףҪüִһѣִ⡣ǣҪ⻹϶ӵһӣִƾЩˡ
ҾͱǣȻ϶ûţǶҲִ˵
⵹Ҳ⣬ϾҹôҲǵճŮϮĵմӾǵͼˡ
ͼͼʲôͼŮĽô
֮ǰһٿͯȻǰ̹ҲԸע
ڼȻûţҲȻǲԸˡ
˵ûţʷҲЩ޹⣬Ϊһĸܶеĵʹĸʷ̱˿Լӡ
ҵĹﶼǶֲʶһģֱɵĹҲ϶䲻
ԭʷϿ˴ֱɡ
ҵǿԿһִҲʷ˵˼ֻʷϽѡ
Ẳ˵ŵλԣЩȴһֱȵġǰһֱзǺֲ˵Ẳֽǰ̣ɲ˵ء


15 
ʷͱȰˣЩʷҲ˴ҵĹ˵Ǹ浾ĺù
ΨһĲŻһЩļױҲܶࡣ
⵹ʷƤӵͣ˶ϱļױ
ǼǴӣڵɷҲҲֻɡ
ʷµȽͼִƶȥˣá
ҪҪٿʷ̽ʵ
ڲԣȴδ֪ءҪẲλһ㣬Ǽҹﻹֲ϶ءִ˵
ʷȻüִôĻҲסԴӼûŵϢȥԺ̾û֮ǰˡ
ԭ˺üҪϼ׵Ĵֿʼٹˡ
οʷżִƵ۹⣬ȻִôẲ֣Ẳֵǰ̱Ȼ
иǽҲˡ
¸ӣ̫̫Լʱ䣬Ҳһ档ȻͨˣʷжҲѸˡ
ʱ·ϸ˵ҲǸĸ֮ý֮ԣҲδŮڶ֮ǰһ档
ţûʲô⣬ҲԶˡִ˵
Ҳּҽףӵʷӵĵڶ죬Ҿ
ﾰɫã̫̫ԼʷȥĻʾȥ㡣
Ҫ˲ɣ˵
ٹǴʷϴ˼Ůżֺġ
Ϊжǻĸ׺ɩȥĹˡ
ҲȥԻԶ֮Ҳ顣
ʷ¼ʱߣֵŤû˼ҹ￴ϣҲû˵ֻ˵˱ϵɡ
ʷû뵽ȥԴûԺ󣬶鶼Щħˣ޲һʮʱ顣
ȥ꿼ԣһٸУҲһѩǰܡ
ʷ㣿ȥ
ؾ͵ð죬ټϵʱʷǿ϶һ䣬Ǿһȥˣ
ⲻдô϶ȥֱ˦˼ϡ
Ҫȥﵱֵءʷæ˵¼ҪڼϢģʷҲô˼ȥﵱֵˡ
̫̫ҶˣҪٴϼ׵ױϹս϶ܻǵİȫΪ˶Щʱ飬ױ뵽ˡ
ʷͷߣ˵Ǿǻʾ£ôҲǻʼһ·϶ǹٵʲôȫġ
˵üǸڰˡ
˭ϵء
УûмҶȥʷҲ˵ʲôûʵˣֱֻ˵
ҲǸТӣȻʷϰ˵ȥɣҲֻ÷飬ʷϳš
ϣүôſɵɺ
ԭǴڼһģֻһɲµĻӣͷҲֻǱС裬ڶû
ôҲȥ׵ģ˵ܴͦã´ɲ£ҲǸ湫Ӹ硣
ҪǼ˼ҹһξʹ˾òӣ뵽ʱ¾͵ûˡ
Ҳæɵˣô⸱ӣɩϸϽȥ·ʷԺתͷһۼ·æ˵
ȥͳȥΪλҪׯأֹñԹ
͸ϽȥɡһǣżֺЦ
ϻҲܲ³سŵͼ
ֺΪСҲܻ
ôͷҲͼڹġ
ʷϸŻͷȥһׯص·˲żææĳȥ
ʷϴѾǶһϺͼżֺһΪҲԶԼͷġ
Ҳ֪ܲܳɣЩʵ
ףżҲǴСʶġ˵ûΪСʶʲôĸҴﴦԼ
ҲҪû࿴ɹԼĶɩԼδǵúദ
壬ÿֺЩæ
˼ֺĻԺҲżֺһƿһǴͷһļЦ˵
˵ǣǶүҪǲ죬ҲǸ湫Ӹء
ʷϺͼִƵĻȷʵǵһŮԼⲻŵӣſھǵ˵죬ȷʵˡ
ֻҪǶү˵˼ҹûʲôġϰο
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ԭⳡ棬Ҳü˴࿴ܵøһӴʱ䡣
ԣǲŷ׷˵£ﵥദʱ䡣
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ǰͷҰͦÿҪҪȥǿмװ򶨵˵
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ǴźȥҴɩðɡֺյĵˣƲֺˡ
ֺôŤŤҲʵڲôȤҲ˳ż˼ǱԼȥϡ
ȴ㣬ǩҲǩҰҲҰˣ˷ֵ𣬻صٹʱ򣬼ִѾ𵶵ˡ
ΣִҲǸĵôҲһ
£ү̫̫ǡ
лҪ˵
֡ˡװĺѰ


16 
ҶǸദ˵ģ˭֪Ťӡ
Ƕ˼⣬Ҳ˵ƾĸĻͰˡ
ʷϺͼִƶһۣȻ˵ȻҲûʲôҾ͸̫̫ͨȻˡ
з϶ǵһġ
ʵܴټٹ˿ڼ򵥣ͷи磬²ôӲġ
ɩҲǳȫˣ޹ԺȫԹŹԼСӡ
ԣҲǼ俴üġ
ּ⣬Ҳ˼ԵĿ˼죬ҲӦˡ
Ҷͷ˼ңʷüϮѾǳ˴һҪ¸ƯƯġ
ףʷҲȥ˻ʾ£Ҵӣʮ¶
Ļ˳ʷȻҲ־
̫̫ӣ˵ҪѦҶסЩԥ
ҺѦңʷԺҲʮֲ죬̲סظһ顣
ʵ̫ˡ
ǣҺѦҶͬĴ壬Ҷ֦ͬһپ٣һġ
¹ϵٺõ˼ңҲиŻĸߵء
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ϾѦ˸̵ͷڽ˸ǡ
Ҳ̻˼Ұ
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ҼǵŮ˼Ҳ벻ͨͷԭҲֻ뵽ôܡ
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ֻǣҪ£ôҪѦЩɻ󣬲һʡ
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תͷִ뵽̫ɵŽ̵ģֻܷģеǾء
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ԺúÿîʱȥżҰɡ˵
ʲôîʱ̣ʷһʱɼˣîʱ춼һأ⵱ǲģøʱ͵ȥŸǺüʱ𴲣
ôҲǵˣ̫̫Ҳܹ簮һɵӣװʷϵŭˡ
㶼ˣ㳽ʱ㶼ĸءǸʱô˵ˣʷŭ
ѽ̫̫ⲻǶ˶ô⵱ϵ汻ʷϷˣҲЩ졣
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ʷϼ˹ȥԽڲ輸ϴ˴
ʷ汻ôæǰһʷ˳һ˵̫̫ģîʱҸ׶ûģǾúġ


17 
ôôħͷΣԼ˳ϵ֣˼һ˵úӣҲˣż޸ô
ʷһԼ࣬ô˸ֻԼĶӣһ־öϱҲ࣬Ʒģãƫƫ޸ô⡣
ϿŻʼԼˣЦһǿЦһְοʷϣ̫̫Īүһʱ˻ˡ
һʱ룬ҿ췸룬һʱѡʷ
ӣһۣʾϿɱٻϽˡ
˵îʱϳ⣬ǸͲˣڵǺˣǴͲˣ˳Ͳˡ
˵˵㣬ҲΪ˺òǣЦ˵Ҳͬġ
ֺȻСȴʮǸʷ֮ǰʹֺʱһ޳ɵġ
ϣ֤Լס
ôСܶʲôʷŭͬ⣬϶ҲƵĸ
ãʱֺҲ밲ˡ
ոռֺһѱ׶ӣ˵øԸ̫̫˵îʱ𴲶ɲԣ
ֺʲôˣǿС˾񿴵ýŵӣҲ˴룬ֺĿԼ׵̫̫׵ԭҲΪֺ̫ͷΪѣֻͷ˵ԡ
Ŷԭⲻ׶ӣǽͷݰַ˼ֺı˼ֺ
ֺոձ£ͱʷһ˻ҿĺôиôĵĵ
һ¡ε̯˵
ֵ󣬻үҲ¼ֺ̫СûжԣҲ̫Ͽüֺʧȥ˶ԶȤʹ˴˻úһȥһҲˣʱҲ̫磬ʱɡ
ΨһĸҪʼʽɣٹҲ⵱һ
ɩҲڰѾǰոոմӼǶƵֺ
ҲûôϿʱãЦŰѵƵݸϵ
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ǺҲõŰЦ˵ѵɩɩҼ⣿Ҹɲǹֶаʦ֮ء
ǾͶлùˡֺҲƴǣӼǶõģֻôһյƣ鷨ҵдע飬ҲܻģҵȽء
⺢ӡһ䣬Ҳû˵
˼ңҪСӸģҪǴС뵽нģȻֺԼպ䡣ȴǲᷴ˼ֺġ
ɩɩɱ˵ˣ׼ʲôöƤ˵
ǱȲۺġЦ˵
ҲֺͶģңﲻٶõĺöֺӣϵĺöⲻñ˼ֺô
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¶ԼѪүҲò˵һ䣬Щ
żҵĺձƫ磬үӴˡ
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ֺСһأ˵꣬ʵֻûá
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˵ļֺ֣ϲ飬ùúҽ˲ٶ֮ĻүӰûзϡ
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Լÿ춼Ĭģܴƽľؽ̵ϴô
ǣүҲû뵽Լ̵ģϻƹˢļֺ
лҪ˵
⣺ҿˣҲǼҵ


18 
ΪֺǵһϿΣүӾţȿУһ¼ֺ˽һ¼ֺĽȣźԵĸֺϿΡ
ȥԼϰһյĹΣȿǵܵܵĽ̡үӵһ붺ܣоа˵
оҪǴҳʱս̵ĹΣдĵطϸƤ
оүӵĳԴȥԺ󣬾ʹÿһѧϰÿոүӶ顣
үӶԼҲЩɸ֣ǹЩӲڶϡ
аֳѵЦ͵͵оһ
ƫƫүӸոתͷүץţŮӣүӲѵ䣺аҲǱʹƵ֣ΪҲ㣬˼Ц硣
үĽ߻ֻӣżЦİѵӣֺ㱾Լλǰһ
ʱҲʦһ֪˻ΪжףʵȴһֻֽϻĽߴû򵽹ǵġ
ЩʦֵҲԶһЦӡ
ֺһоΪȵıǱ游ǺӸŵˣҲ˲үӵĺвĵһһŲ˼ֺϣڼֺĶ˵ܷܵģ游Ǹ߾Ǹ裬Ųϡ
аҲڱϷͷ±ܱˡ
оΪԼᣬʵүȴһҲֺһͱˣʱҪҪؼҷͲˡ
ģûµġֺعæ˵
ʲô磬ֱӽд簡оһѼֺСЦе˵
硣ֺһԹԵӡ
ء죬н㡣аҲæüֺ㡣
ȿȡүӼǼֵʱҲˣſΪѡ
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˵־ѾˣүѾֺĽȣҲڴӼֺʵȡ
ǣ־ѾˡֺҲһĻش
游һ㡣ɽ巽ӣν⣿
ǰ״Ԫɼֺ˵Сô
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ү־˼üֺֺͣһɶǸôģֱӾ˵ˡ
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ԭΪףȻҪֺ֪ĵȻ־ˣүӾͿʼֺ
ҺãֺĻشٶ΢һ㡣үӳһҪôС޶ҲôҲҪˣֱȥͯԵˡ
תһ룬ү־Լʵˡ
ֺүͣҲһͣˣǸĶʵ̫ˡ
һֺҪչֳ㾪˵츳ҲüʶԼȷʵӦѧģҲòʮȥͯԣһֺԼۣü˻ԼԼֺҲûգ׸ЩûᣬЩòᡣ
Ҳ֪ĽˣǸаࡣү˵꣬־ʵЩ˼顣
аǱȼֺ꣬˵аŮӣżңŮһɵģ͸ѧĶһġ
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һֳСֳܸǽȵģү֪Ļ̫ء
̫ӾЩһˣһ̫ɵְֽģӺͶȴڹٽӽġ̫ǵʱ鷿ѧУģҲĬˣĽȰ̫ӵĽ
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аȴǲүӵ𾪣һ˵ֺԼһѾ˼ֺҪԼߣԼ˼ֺһ룬ְԼŵм䣬ܵôҪȿҵģ
㣬ġֺԼͳ˵
үѹǶѾˣҲ˵ʲôоҲһùһ֮ǰݡ
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үֺ֪ѧϰжǿӶڿΣͼֺĿʿ
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游ɱˣɤӶˡаϸһ㣬żֺʼˣæ
үδͣȻɸֵĿһоа
ΪǼֺһϿΣٹ¶¼ֺѧϵĲӦŸոյأϺͼͱʷϴųţȥżҽӼֺˡ
ҪʷϵݲţʷĸĹƵȥĸ¿ΣΪ˼⻹һ䣺ҵȥѧʱ򣬿û̫̫ô⡣
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û뵽ʮǰ飬ʷϻǵôʱһֳ˵ھȥĸ׵ĸӻ
ֻȥĻ̫磬ҪϲʱУû뵽ǵʱүӽշݵڿѾˡ
ҵͲð˶޸㡣үһ⣬̾˿
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ӦŮ㡣ү˵껹̾һ
үǸΪﶼԼѪһˣĿֺ츳ģүӻǲ룬ΪͲԼء
õĶӣôϼּң
ֲ֪үӵֻһãȻĿүӡ
үҲƤЦֻګګ˵
ҲʮɻֻתͷԼҴɩôˣүǳԴҩˣ
ôˣôүͻȻ˵üŮˣ
˵ģ˼ҼﻹоλҪ̳ء
÷ģǺ˻ү޲ðѸҪءЦ˵
оаĿ˶ڣҪĻħʲôЦ˵
Сӿܻ֪жãҲŴһأҲЦת˻⡣
ú÷ڼ˷ٻȥɣǴܻùһܻء
ǲڼԷֻǳŵʱž͵źϻ˼ҲףϵҲǿϡ
лҪ˵
ȿʼ
оѽҴͿѽܵԡ

оҴˣǴ磬Ҳǵܵ


19 
ԹԺͲôϼҳˣүĿǰ״̬Ҳġڶԭү˵üֺģԽյѧֻоһ
ԭأоȻǺôʤһǿүȻооúܶ๦ΣҲΪоܶһӣǰүûٿԼĸӡ
Ǿһһʮǲһġ
ټоЩԣʱҪȥһ˲ٹһ־öҪԵģүӵĵһֱڱƣͷϵ񾭶һһġ
үֻﰲοԼǸ콵΢ǣСӦоģϴʱ򣬱оء
Gϴ
԰ͻСҲûȻǴ򲻵ãá
ѵ
ʱżҴү֮ûؼҡ
֮ӵʥǶ˸»
үֻСĵʥϻÿ춼þҵҵϳӣÿ껹ȥѲء
ӰൽҹԼϡٵͷȻͻȻԼ׼ҹڻڼء
˼ҵӣÿ˯ȻѣȻһССŮһ裬ҡɹɹ̫Լͷ۲˵ľ͵ϳǳƤܣȻ󵱽ʥϲЩˡ
Ϊϰ壬ʥϾŲԼۻȴɵҪҵðϰࡣ
үӵǰҪԭΪŮ̫ĳӺʹӶѾɣżҲЩз磬֮֮ҲƵƷɼꡣ
үҲиλõ뷨ͷ
ǵʥǸľûöϱƴʲô⡣
żҵλһ㣬С˵Ǻأ׵λȹһЩ
οүӲմЩȨĹְȥܸȨմ߰ɣҲʡЩʷߴߴġ
Ҫ֪ԺЩ׫Ѿ໿ҪүȥȫˣǰʷɲһСء
ϰ壬˼ҶܲһʥּͰ˺ϰɡ⵹Ҳûʲôϵ˼ҶӻԼأⲻʣޣ˵ô
ڼиֱӵĲŻû֮ذʵ۵֮̾
֮ҲǣԼ׵иڼأû¾ӣƫƫԼҶܾų˾ǣҲ˵ڶû˸˺ֻһ˰
纰׵ȥأܴӰæϣʡʱ
ȥȰס֮ʥίΣظƱ
үӱŽȥͷͷ㲻û뵽ԼɵӻˣѱҲԼ׼ˡ
ףʥϽȥˡ֮˵ʥϸ˵ʲô
ֱ˵ҪߴߴᡣҪҴʱ䡣
ʥȥʥϸ˵ˣҪԸ٣ȥԺ档֮һ˵
ΪʲôҪȥ٣棿үһ˵һԼĽ˵ѲǼڻ󣿡
֪Ϊãʥϵ˼ȥ٣ҺͶҲǰ;أΪǡ֮ԽԽãԼҸΪø̫ࡣ
ܹÿ˽̺ӵʱҪһ⣬κʱ򶼱ȵٵʱҪң̫ġ
뵱Լͬһнʿͬһͷ÷ˣԼͷںŨܡ
һͷΪʲôҪȥ٣ôԼͷ̫ࡣ
ӣͶôˣѵ㻹ȥͣү̲סŽ֮ϴһ¡
֮˵͵ҵҾҲǲܲͣҲӦȥԺǸȥɽӪ
Ȼǿҵ֮ҲûҰ⻰˵ڡ
үӴ֮Ĵſʼͷһ飬֮ոһүֿʼСͲ飬ǵǿŲſ϶һ
϶ΪФ񾰸ʱסҲǸ֮ѧġ
֮·аˣⶼܹң
ү꣬泩ˣֺ˿ֱߵĲ裬ɤӣ˵ϴ󰡣ȥҸҲʺߵ
ҲҺͿȻ¡֮˵ϱҵù
᲻øµģżҵĹؾֳܵãܴþء
֮úоģҲнԼ˵˼ͷ
˼ңþɵģүŭ
֮Щ±ƣôǵǰ˵Ҫʱүӻ˵ӿⷿҸɵĳҲͰˣο໨ЩǮǰܼء
˫꣬Լ׵
Ҽǵõ̫ױʱ򣬻Щ̴ľʣ£Ǻ
úúãȥѰˡ
Ǹ׽ô£Իҩˣ֮صԼԺӣ̲סӵ
ӰЦ˵
ⲻ游ûܴܵôоһν˵ӵ̫ɵ˰ɡ
Сӣ˵ʲôš̲֮סЦ
ˣ鷳ȥҵ̫ðױʣµ̴ϣ˵Ҫ鰸֮һ˵һ̲סϵɫ
ǰ֮ʢУǰʵ̴ּϵģϸбЧǰǶʼ̴Ҿߡ
ȵʱЩ̴ϼ̴ϾȻҲݳ޵ĶҲżҴ޵̫ӣżҲŷѾĻЩ̴ױ
֮ҲΪᣬϾ̴ѵãүӲ
ʯ㿪˿ⷿȥң˳ţѾùǸСҲҳϷԸ
תͷ֮ԼЦŴȤүʲôѲɺҲȥҳ
ⲻ㲻ô֮Щڨڨġ
ʲôò˵ģԭǸ׵ĶЦ˵οҶ̲סƫ֣Ҳкôóˡ
Ҽ޽ʱ˶Ŷ˵ǴɩҲ˶Ůġ˵ˣһֵܣʲôɼƽϵġ˵
żǺüңΪܼ̣Ȼ֪żжҪ˵̴ʲôżҲĹ±ǲıء
ҪƽϣҲɷͶܰүӵıѧ֣ǲǴƸء
ҳ˶ˡ֮ЦֻǾ֮ǰùóʲô
Ϊոջһүӵء
ҲͿ˲ɣʱȥ˹վꣿϵ֮һ˵վ͵ģøٸŰ
ҺͿˣȫ֮æ˸Ҿ


20 
үӶһ죬ȶһоμֺܵԼֵ游İ
ڶһ磬Ÿոأоʹȥſڵȼֺˡ
ɱˣǶҲó˷ŹأȳԷȥæȰ
оﰴϣԱ׵Ķţоûֻ̻ʵ˼ڣҳˡ
ûأ֮ոҪ¿أоһ̵ܳȥˡ
ƫƫԱߵаҲæվﻹţȵңһȥ
ӡʧЦ
ȼֺŵʱоаſڶ׵Ŀɻʯˡ
ּҵоԼϲڵĻңӭȥ
õܵܣˣ㶼֪㲻ڵʱжѰо޲ñżֺһ
ⲻǲһûôֺɻ
ѽ游Ӵ粻ûû档аЦ
ֺԺЩţǰʱҲԭϵܲͬѧΪ츳ԼؿʼԼԹ
ģ游ңûϵоһ§סֺõܵܣ游˵ּ游ӣ˵Ҳ뻻Ƶġ
ҵĺӶҸоһ
ҼҺʲôҸġֺھǲΪѹ̫󣬱游ȵ̫࣬ѾЩˡ
øÿ춼ĺܿİоԴ˵
磬ǲ˵ҵĲ䲻ͣᱻ游ĸֺͷߵ
ֺƣоֲ˼˵ĻֻЦĲ˵
磬ҵͷеӣڼ챻ĸֺŻ
棿о̫š
ͼˣ磬Ǹȥ游ˡаߴٵ
Ҳ֪ôģǶףôҪ¡أҲʥϵۡʷһ滻ѣһԧ챧Թ
Һͼּף˼ҹﶩ飬ȻӸٹʷҲòȥ
ζ׶Ϊ᧿Σĳ棬ⲻôԼĲ죿
ΪҪһ㣬ҲǼ¸ҲҪء
žĶʷԭҲûҪ죬ȻҪҲˡԼҶӵĶ龹ȻȲҵŮʷϾЩôˡ
ԧ죬ȥǶûʷϷԸҵҲټһ¡
ʷϺϱʰ׵ˣŴһţڶſڿ˼
үҲҪţʵ
ΪŮʷϺٹĸȥѾ㹻ˣټϼһֻʥģͷֽˡ
ԽӵԺʷϻϣûҪ֪
ҲȻüҪһȥҸġ
Ҷöôʤ磬Լһȥе㲻˼˵
úõģԼȥҵĶʲôʷЩɻ
ʤ統ƸʱȥһԻĴ㣬ȥʲô׽ġԽ˵ԽЩ˼˵Ҫʼˡ
Ȼ΢Щû롣
ҿҲúúÿζ׵ģպү׵ʱҲи³̡Цŵ٩
ǵúúÿɲܰǶүĻ¸ˡʷûԼҶӾҪˣǰѶҵǵ㲻ˡ
ǵһȥˡЦ˵
̫̫үźأŶүҲʮϲءԺЦŷŵ
ʷԭԼĶ׵Ķﻹ΢ЩܣܸоһּȢϱĸо
ϵĻԺʷϵ泩һЩ
ҲҹԼĻء
ңʷϺȻҪȥԺŮһģѾҪ˵ȻҪȥǰԺģҲȥʤ
֪ΪʲôһֱЩģſڣֲԸһڼСˣϸźöү
ʷְοһϵ㰡ǰģǰǻСǻҲǾģء
Ҳƾ׷Ըһ䡣Ц˵
Щ֣һŮĶ龹Ȼ󣬾Ȼ˶ˡ
ʷϵʱϰѾˡ
Ͻ㣬ǿˡϰվʷףʵǼҴû
˵ϰͷͷϰʵְûУִƼڵģʷϻи̫İϱԵҲʷǰʲôӡ
͵游ȥˡԭʱʷϾͰ԰ڼö飬ֶ˸԰ڵģʷϵȻҪһء
ôСͶˣæʵ
ɻ꣬ߵļҲ٣ϥȴֻһӣ廹ôãԼӿøƵá
걱Ҳҵģһӵ佫ɵ˶ԸöȥѪˡ
öӶ飬־Ƶÿƾ٣˾˻߽ʿҲŸҸְˡ
Ѱֶϣʷ˵ֺѾ͵үǶ̵ﲻ˵˼
ǼҴǸģ游Ҳһءʷ˵ʮԺıӾǰ
֪̫ղѧ̽ʵ
ҪǼҶ͵үǶҲǸ̫ӳϹϵˣΪ̫Сʦܣûǰô
Ҹʹˣ˵յˡǼҴҲֻǸɡίľܾ
˵үǰѾ˹ŵˣ˵ǼΪ̫ӵ壬ôҲø佫ǣ࣬ȨǸֵĶ
ܾˣɫʱ˼֡
ϰ״æתƻ⣬̫̫Ǽôöˣ
˵ҲûʲôһöȽĹأɵǳҲöڽǰͷġ
ⲻʵܴܲˡ̫̫Ц
ɵ֮УĶɵģȻ֪ⲻǸڰˡ
ǴأҺ˼ˣ
˿ˡҴĻ£֪Ϊ̫̫Ͼеǿ
Ͻ㣬Ǽ϶أ¶ûУϰתͷʷϵ
Ϊûףʷϵʱֻ˵ѡ
ٹĴϱȻѾҪˣ⵹ҲǸˣ²Ŀʼʵ˭ҵĹ
̫̫ʷ˵ѡɫֺ֡
ƫƫʷϻǸסĥģôһȺôţʷϾЩ̲ס˵ˡ
Ͼ˵û¹Ҳǰ϶
Ҳʲôܡʷϸո˵һͱ̫̫ˡ
ǰͷѦҲƸˣҶȥɡ
ܾ̫̫Щ֣תͷһ̫̫


21 
̫̫ɣ˸оһʷ˵ϱ˭ҵĹָо
ּҵĶϱҲûʲôϵĹ٣Ůд󲿷ûнʵġֻЩɻ󣬵Ҳû롣
߰ɣȥѦ͹Ƹ񡣡
˵ѦҺҵ뿴Ƹ಻ࡣ
Цظ̫̫ȥǰԺѦ͹Ƹ
ûȻҲ֪̫̫ߵ·ֱͨǰԺ·ҵĺ԰ߵġ
Ǳһ䣬ôˣ԰ǵƺôһȦܵǰͷ
㲻֪Ǽ԰һˣҿ̫̫ҪҫҫǼҵ԰ءϰЦŴȤ
⻰϶ž͸ҪĳƵãϵͿһ¡
˼תͷԼѾ˵춹ȥǰԺүϸүߵСˣöү
ϻδأض԰ͨһˮˡ
ˮˣȴﰡҴѾ߾ʧĺš
죬ȥȽ̫̫ˮҲǸæԸﶼ˲
ܾã̫̫ں£ڽš
ȻҲûɺܾãΪûһض԰ִͨһȻѾߺֶүȥǼҹˡ
Ҫ꣬Ϻʷͬʱʣôһʡ
ȴҼеܵض԰ʱ򣬼Ѿϰˡ
ǵöлܣȻǼҽҪиôҶ֪ôˡ̫̫ŮԺʷһ
ɱлǣ¸л˭һءʷҪʱ򻹿⣬ЩҲͰ׻ˣǺ
ʷҲû©̫̫лʱһ˿⡣
Σ˼֮ףһ֣ҲΪ˼Ļ£ּҺҵĻҪˡ
ԭõҹ޼޳˵ʷϾԼڵѪ
£ʷ϶żָɣ˼ֵܸ綼أҪʲôӢۣ
أҼǵҴүͶүϰģѲɻȲǶүһҪ˵ʷָɣϾͲֱ˵ıˡ
ǼҲôĻδŮδ޵ģóɾһԺԵţ̫̫æԲ˵
ţ̫̫̫̫ͬһңҲýãʷ֪ܲţ̫̫ǴԲʵȴüּҳѻ¶
ţ̫̫ԼŮãҪԼȥɡʷϵ˵
ţ̫̫ҲǷˣոռ̫̫˵Ǽ˴ϱںͷĸϰ˵
ɱ£Ҳ֪׬⣿ϰһ˵
£ڳֻҪûȱʲôģ϶׽ҿӼּңԺ˭һҸ磬˭ܴƱ˵һӵĿ϶Լ
ңΪôһŻ£Ů˼ҵĴӣϼô֣ٿ·ʪվļʱﲢûа㰮⣬ĺ⡣
浱ֵ
̫̫ǻȻȥɣߣ֪һƵǲԼʷ˵
£Щ̫̫ǣҲپæԼѾȥǰԺԼүҲȥ
ٲߣһҸԼүСء
̫̫Ҳ˲ˣֻڨЦʷ˵ү·ʪأǼ϶ү˶٣öү·ٻȥɡ
ɲһ·Ǵһʪ·ˣһǻȥٻɡĮľܾ
˵˵㣬ôģҲң˼ֵܶڱϸɿţ㵹ãȥˣ
һʷϾ̲סǿżǸʧǵӣʪ·ϣʷֱ˿
Ҫ֣ҲùҲǡ
ϣүô⸱ӣӹʷһˣ⸱ӣ̲ס
ϵƫƫǱ¶ˡ
ѵȥӢ۾ˣ˵СȥʲôӢ۰âô꣬ı֣֪Լ¶ˡ
˵Щʲôأæס⣬ڲס϶¼վ⡣
ȥġ̣⳰˲ûסһ
˵ʲôǰȥģʷæתͷʼ
Ͽһ֧֧ļ·ʪģЩģȰʷϵ̫̫ͷģǽȥ˵ɡ˵ˣү·ʪأܵȥ·˵
⿴Լϱż˵أЩˬ˵ֲǴ죬ֶǿӣʵ˵ˡ
˵⻹ǵһοģʶļÿնͷǿ׶ˣһСģġڼʪͷҲû֮ǰţǵʹŵģƽ˼ֿζ
ˣϽȥ·ɡʷϵ׻ǰѶӵĽڵһλ
żȥ·ʱ䣬Ҳż⣬һ¸ոҷ顣
ҵǺͣүĵܵҲ·ԺĲУӾҪš
أҪȥϸæסʵ
үȥǸӡ
ҪүȥͷȥʲôӢۣʷû뵽һֱԵӣϴ϶۸ԺĵһӦǳЦ϶Ǹ϶ȥһسӣʷҲЩݡ
Ƕݹ鶯ݣʱһ㶼ġ
װʲôȥһʲôãҪȻ԰¶һ¡ʷָżʲôֵܣһһ
Ҳǲܴ򣬾Ҵ򲻹ֹ
ʲô
ûʲôûʲôæҡͷϡ
·ʷʼո˵Ǳȥô£
ҸûҪȥֻˮˣǳȥովرҾͱȥˡ˵ʮίء
ոô˵ʷϺɸֵĿҪǼո˵Ǳȥģ»ǵñȢɵˮǿûҵġ
Ҹոˮʱͻͷ˰ߣûˡ˵ˣҲûҵġС˵
ҵڣǸʱ͸ô³ֻҪǸʱ˵̫̫ܸһسӣ̫̫˭֬۶Ӣۡļļʱɨء
˵ЩʲôʷϱŵģЦˡ
̫̫ĲȢҹȢ?ʷϣϣܴʷԼҪĴ𰸡


22 
ȢƨǸأ͸ƣ϶Ҫ޹ˣǼﻹǱַˡ
⻰ҲϵĵǣȻϼ޽ԺҲӴ࣬ͨΪӴҲ֪Ǹ߰Ҫǿġ
ԺҪǺദҲ֪Ҫֳٷ粨
Σ˵ȢͲȢ𣿡ʷֺγҪĶϱţѫҵŮ춼˼һˮ⻹˵Ȣô
ҵǼôͻȻŮĶ鶼ôˡԭôĳǼҵġʷЦ
̫̫Ҳ֬ŮеأλĴҼֱر
ҸĶ죬ʷԭΪǿѦЩǮϣڲ֪ԭǿԼҪӵķϡ
Ǽ϶Ǹүǣ꣬жȢϱôͻȻ˵
οǼҲǸѾôٹ¡Ǽҵȵ𣬾ǲ֪ҵȲȵˣ
¶ڽǰͷûڽǰͷɻģҼѦҵǮأȻǵȲá
οڱʥͷ
ҿܶѾǰˡ
ο϶ǳŮȥģǸжմϵţҲˣͷ
ԺҲգ粨Ҳգɢòࡣ
ⷨȫǽµ⣬ΨһЩõģ̫Щ
ôҲס⡭ʷЩԥ
ּȻȥȥִˣֲּԸȢõȥ䷢Ϊᣬȥƹŷˡ
ʷϵҲǿģҲйϲҲԼĶϱ
ԼųŮҪΪԼô³ʷ΢Щġ
ҪȻϽƽޣʷԥһ˵
ҵĺ̫̫˼ҶѾƵ׶ӶˣѲ㻹Ϊ˼ҿǣһæµѲ϶׶ӣǡ
˶Ҫ𣿡ʷֱӳֱߵӾҪҹȥ
ƫƫǸ첻ߵģһ߶㣬һǶ˵ҶѾǼƳˣǻǲף
̫̫Ҳ֪үֲŵӡһżһȰʷϵ
̫̫ȢƽеġҲ֪Щ˶͹صģҪǶүȢƽޣǽ֮㡣
û˵ǣҪ˵ȢƽޣŲ¡㲻ҪһҪء
һ漰ǰ̣ʷ˲ʲôˡ
ǻ˰ɡ
̫̫ʲôǼȻԼǾ͵Լге֪֮˵
ϴ˵öԣҼȻǣҲͲٵôһ֮ͬˡִƴ߽˵
ҲǰѼִˣڼִƿѾˣֻͬˡôƺҲܿڼִҵĵλѾͬˡ
ִܲôңԭẲĿܡ
ּԭĸ佫ս½٣߹Ҳûս𣬼ּҵĸЩˣΨиĳŹ̸
ⲻٹүĻ£ƻ˼ִԭ̺õ·ӡ
漰Լˣִ˲Ź֡
̫̫һȥ˵ԭ򣬰϶ҹĻƳٸһꡣִָ޽ò輸ˣΪ⣬ھȥɣϴϱҲȥ̫̫Ҫʲô˵òԵطǵò䡣
ǡ΢΢Щû뵽ִʱȥ
ͷҲţúסһϴϱǵôߵѾȥտúִΪ£ֵüŻŵģôżסţЩ
ԶԶԣк߳õĶҲǵʹ˸ȥʷҲæ˵
Ͽһú춹͹ԺЦŶԺ춹˵Ǹã֮ǰҪءֵһ˯
˵꣬ϾͷԸ˰鷿˺
Ź˵Щ飬ھĸסһòã
⻰Ÿո˵꣬оҲֲֺܼסǼңֱӾһѱסֺܵϸһ˯ɡ
úúãġֺֽŲõİǿо
ϧǸŮӣȻܵҲӦø˯а˵
ѽʲôˣͿԺоο
˵ӣ񲻹ո겻ã˵ء
ߣȥһ˵ãаˣҪżֺоȥá
ҵСڣòŸ˯أɱȥæ
һ׼ҹֱŸգС˯ŵʱŪѡ
аõĿ˶һ£Ҳȥˡ
ˣԼȥɡϵ
춹㣬ǳʲô飿ص鷿Ժ󣬿Ÿĺ춹ֺ̲סʵ
춹Ǿ鲻Ǽֺ͸֪ģΪߵĴѾߣﲻֺ֪ӣԥ˺ܾã춹Žֺѧһ顣
壬ʱû˵Ǳ˰ȥģֺʮֵĲ⡣
ǰΪٳ״ԪɣҪ޸ֺΪ޵ĹǹܴӾŵȥ
ڼֺǰ滨ͼֶμ޸ֺģҲһ
ֶֺΣҾ͸ɿŵôһʮֶθƲȥˡ
ڵʱ˵棬ôõĻûصٹԺҲûΪԼĻ˵κ顣
ֺʵڲ
˵˵Ҫô죿ү鷿á
үҲûʲôŮ²ܵźǵĹأʵһ̺Ϊ˴ʱ
ȥ˼ʱ϶ôǼҵѾٹ԰Ӱ飬ǼҵȥȲǡаΪŮӣһЩ
Ǹһͬˮ͵Ȣҵʱ͸ðǼС˻ԺȥһϲĸСˡоش
ڿɲֹǵü޸˼һ·ӣҵҲ·ӣٲòǻаôֺ˵
˵ֺ꣬־Լո˵ǻʵڲһСӣæ̧ͷүһۡ
үҲû룬ļֺԴ˵ҲˣͷŸֶָΣҲһţϣǰܹرġ
ԼȥˣȻǶʹֶΣҲǧүӵ


23 
ųҪȥҰݷãٹӦһ͵ӣõҵĻظԺȥݷá
ⲻ³ô
ҩ㰴֮ǰĵӼӺɣȥһϷԸ
ǾޱȥͷҹܼңɸСȥҵݸӡ
˵ִ˵ھȥǺôŵǸ˳˼Ұ£ܲܿȥ
ܵĽ̵ǵÿ˼ǲѵʱȥôҲСȥ֪ͨһ
֪˺ʹΪ̫̫Ҳһء
佫ĹٵȦӱͲݣҷ飬ܶѾѫȦˡ
Ĺߣ֪ȴȡǼѫݵģһ졣
ǿẲִũһ·нʿȻھһϯ֮صġȻûʲôѫ׾˵ôԡ
̫̫ﻹɺԭٹҲô˼Ұôʱŵʱ
˵ΪŮ׼ңⲻǻ׼ô
̫̫ҽҪΪǲĶӡʷϵҲһһʮİѽ緢˵̫̫
̫̫һˮﱻһ̣ɫͺȥ
ԽͼҪף̫̫
̫̫ոսʱּϱЩ£
ŮҪ޵˼Ҽȥ̫̫ȻҲҪŮúô˼Ҽּҡ
ΪպŮʷ㣬ּҵݺѣ̫̫Ҳһһ˴
̫̫Ȼ֪Һͼּ汲ͷеĽ飬ǶסѲɼּһܲף
֮ǰҲûйٹҪ׵ĴţôһȦǼ£
̫̫ҲЩŭ
Ψһҵǣ˵˵£ɵûûСҲûȥ
ǼּҲȣպҲǲŮպĻʲô
ǲ˻ġʷæ񶨵
Ǽʲô˼ܲҵŮȢɣ̫̫Щ
̫̫ԭʷϺϿǿŮԺü޵ǼȥۿŻ²ˣ̫̫Ȼˡ
ʷ֮ǰԼ˵ҪȢƽޣȻЩڨڨġ
˵ʲôأǼҲ˼ҡϵǼҶүҲǱҸˣҲֲǼҶүǡ
̫̫ϻл׼⻰ʲô˼üͷ˵λܲҼҵã˭˭İɣ
ҵ˼ǣǼҲǴã˿ǼҶүһ£ǼҶү͵ȢһǼǲ֪жٸ̡˵
̫̫˲ϵ˼
ұϾס̫̫Щԥ
ǼҼȻȻҲûϵĽ
ô˵ֱ̫̫˵Ǽҵ˼ǣ
Ǽҵ˼ǣǼҹĻƳһ꣬ȵʱ粨ƽϢȥˣٹ񡣡ʷ˵
⡭̫̫ϻЩԥȴѾͬˡ
ͶŮʮ߰ųɻģǼҹʮأ¼ּҲᣬԭǼҵ˼ǹСԺꡣ
Ҫ̫̫˼ҲԸôõһŻ¡
ǼҴ˵ǴʵǼҵŮͷء
̫̫ҲǰԼҹģŮ޵òãպܿࣻŮ޵̫ãԼѹסŮŮպܿࡣ
ǹӣΪպҲֵĲ࣬ɵҲҪ˼Һϲ٣Ȼܿӵļױ
ǴӣλҪֳעպҪԼƴһġߵǴĵ·ӣָÿẲء
ãǼҶүҲܳٿһʱҲй⡣ϲһ
ֻǣүҲѾˣ֪̫̫Ųżӣ̫̫̽Եһ䡣
ҹǻֻʮ壬ɼȴѾʮ߰ˣٹ꣬Ƕʮˡ
͵үǣѪ̫̫Լҵͬ˻ƴǣȴ˼檡ԼŮһ޽ȥϲǲŻ
ԷģǼһֻʥ飬ûǷ뷨ǰգ˵ԼߵĴѾߵͣ÷ȥءʷڱ֤
ҲǳԹŮĿģȻô಻塣
οʷԼżʲôӣмֺڣʷﻹܷӡ
ʷ⻰һ⡣
̫̫ѾͬˣɵΪŮһ£ֻҵúǼүһ¡
ӦõӦõġʷΪһ¶ִƵĸ棬̫̫⻰Ҳûʲô⡣
ֺ˼䣬ʷϺϲŸǻȥ
ǰͷСϢ˵ٹ˺ǼҴȥẲѾ߽Ҵܽ㱨
û뵽̫̫Ȼү˸ô˼ңʲô϶ǼҴǸߥ޵ġʾЩҺҽŻ¡
ƽϢһԺʵû˵ٹûдţʵ
У˵ͷһءæ˵
ţȥˡԴ־˵Ҿ֪ҼȻޣûҼ޲ɵġ
ϲϲڵóԸˡæе
úҶٹǵĺءҼ޽ٹͽǷ޶Σ
ԭǶ⣬ôһвԸģ¸ɻ͸ˡ
ۼٹȥҡסѾʮˣٹǶ㶯ûУѹûס
ô£𶢺ٹ𣿡ƢԼлƿŶŽŭ
ȷʵٹſأ⼸ճٹүճֵ⣬ֻǼҴÿһȥңǾûгŵġź꣬ﲻ֪Ƣæ˵
ǼΪλףԽԽһԾͰϵĲյˤˡ
ôˣ̫̫ԺϹһѰ⸱ӣҲƵġ
ҪһȰȥլסһ꣬Ժٸ˼ҡ̫̫˵
Щӣүڳϴִԡ
ȵʱүֻǼִ˳ȹתվɵ׼ҡ
ôչȥˣִվԣү°ӡү֪ǲҲǲˡ
Ϊ˼ʱֹҲΪüּʱңõķӣ̬
͵ȥƹŷ𣬻͵ȥ


24 
ǶңھҾҵ۵𣿡Ằ
⺢ӣ˵Щʲô ˵̫̫ǿ϶үĹְӵǰ;ڵһλģ̫̫ҲϸΪŮǹġ
ȻٹǶѾ̬ȲԸȢţǱûʲôˡ
ȥ˽꣬һһԺ˻׮Ϊ׮ھѰ˼ˣڽȴ֪ҲҸ˼ҡ
ϧ̫̫ΪŮ˼Ҳûȥ
̫̫ȥ겻ȥ꣬ٹһǰôһƿ̫̫ɵǶ⡣
ҵڣ⻰˵𣿡̫̫һæס
ô̫̫´ȥӰ㱦ӵǰ̣ѿ̫̫˵
ˣ̫̫ȥıӰɡ˵
⺢ӡ̫̫ŮͷϣҲŮִ
̫̫Զ֧ȻҪӣǾͱҪˡȥ顣
Щԥ
ô㲻Ը⣿ЦЦؿ˽һۣ˽֤ͨݿɻء
ǣô᲻Ըءæ˵
ģҲ顣˵ȥҼؤҴһ㻰ѡ
ҺͼּνǾ汲еϽˡ
ּЩص飬ҲȻ֪
ּҴ̵ֳ飬Ϊٹƽеİ˻£֪ġ
ң̫̫үȴһģϾҷڻأҪҪƽͽȥ͵úúá
ʤʹЩģ̳µʱҲѾˣȻҲԼ֪һЩ
֪⻹ոո̫̫ܼҵʱ׼ʱ̫̫ѰĽָƽȥ
΢֪ƽǼּҵĴ̡
Ҳһɺִ̽һּ֪Ҵ̵µĳ¡
²ǵ෹һ°ˡ
ǣڵ˵Ǿһɶˡ
ɡūҲʶʲôؤôĵĴѾߣÿҲСƵʲôȥӴСؤ
㲻ʶѲҲʶ˵ģ³ԺҾٹ̣ǰ;Ҳ϶ܸ
ԴӳΪȥ磬ѼĻ¶ڽȥԺ󣬼ּ˶͵ˡ
ճ˼ִƺͼҪÿյî⣬ʷϺϼٳţ˵ˡ
ھͲ˸ptsdˣ˵ǸˣѰţԥܾá
ִƺôһλȨصģٲۣҲִܵүǰԣ˵Ǽҵĳ¡
⵹ǸŵģҲвٵĺԸһİԣ漰ּҵģҲԸͨҲüи
⼸ղǼķСüŵȥʵڲУܵٹĴΡ
̫үһֱѼߣҲѧʲôôĥһĥӡ
ܸ⵱ѵģǱ붼ǸС竰
竵ģĸҵ¹̫ǰ
Ҳ͵˼ⵥϢͨ
ٹ֪ͷԵʱѾͷɫˡ
ǺѧЩʲô
ֺϿεգʷϸǰס
ҼǵôðѧĲ˰ɣ
ͷʷϴżֺڿϣϺͼԶһڴѾǶЦԳܰ
ֻ̫̫֣ǲ֪̫̫ûͷĴԣżֺأּѾ޳ȥ˵Ĵ쳴˽
̫̫ūûסСѾͷŻŵøڼ쳺ͷί˵
֮ǰŵʱ̫̫һСѾͷҽ쳷Žȥ
ɼ쳵ӣʱ򻹴˵ŭСѾͷסġ
úõģʲôʷ
̫̫֪Цһ˵ѵðϢ̫̫ͨв֪ʱֻǿϧˣͷҶܴøɫжһˡ
Ҳ֪᲻۵ãÿǻûأֿ


25 
ֳʲôˣʲôáʷôģƽﲻˣ
ƽȥٹĵطɲֵʷ⻰˼ҲѼ쳣һٹϾϵ˵Ĺʲôʸô󳳴֡
֪ô£ż£Ȼ˶ûţֻһ쳵Ѿߡ
ôˣεֵסõһֻǡ
ûʲôʹӵŰѼ쳺Ѿ߸ϵͷ
ԧ컹ظ˹ȥԸ˶СǣպǧܰѼٷŽˡ
̫̫ոմ˵á
ոռ쳵ŭɲ٣ˣ²߸߹ģ⸱ŭӣ϶ǼԼ涼ܵ𺦣¼˵滰
ʷϲԸ쳣ɼڿ˵ıӺŮʷβľ
ոմù˵ͷˣֺ۸ոż˵Ժ󣬱ɫЩ԰׵ļ˵ȥͷɡ
ǣ˵еϴϱʷϿϵ
Ͼұۺǻи̫Ľ㣬ҲϴȽϷ㡣
춹ȥͷҲƴǣæԸ춹
̫̫ҪҲ򷢸ȥʷҾ˾˼ʡֲһҲ֪ͷĹٵµ˽⣬ѫͷȴЩ֪ˡ
ǣϴϱ˵öԣԧ죬ӸϽȥһʷʷæ˵
ͷѾˣȻǲѴ
ûãҵĿˡ
ԭֻȥһ̫̫ңͷ飬Ҳ̫̫ˡ
ͷʲô飬Ѳɻ˸Ҵһּҵԣ
ҵû뵽ͷˣ˺ü汾
̵ұ˵۱ʲô̫̫䣬ƫƫͷŶүԣǣˡ
ʲô£㵹˵ʷϿҵֻ˵￩һ¡
̫̫ͷڴ˵ٹֻͷǶʯʨǸɾġҵһҧ˵
⵹ˣʲô컰
˵̼ƽ֮ǰѾƽĴү˻ˣ̥ᣬŽƽ򸮡ҵ͵͵һʷϵɫ˵
ֳ꣬ʱ򣬻ʷɵȥôĿڣҵȻ֪ġ
Ǽ޳ȥˣҪҲƽ飬ٹʲôϵʷҧ˵
ǻ˵ҵĿʷ⸱ӣе㲻˵Ļˡ
˵ʲôʷʵ̲ҵ⸱ηηӣҵүʲô㵹˵ôģ˵һܳ㲻ɣ
˵үҴˮһˣ븺𡭡ҵһҧ˵
ҡ϶ֳĹʷҧгݵǰү˵ܰһѣͰһѣҪ˵İǾ͸òǡ
ͷڵķԷﶼѾϹˣ˵ٹŷ磬Ҳʲô
ʷ꣬˹ȥ
Ҫһˣպô죿
ѲԼĹȥͷƹŷһӣʷϿ᲻á
ϺͼæȥһһҸʷ˳
ϴϱȥöŵСҵҪȥңѲǼҵĹ޲ҪӲǼңǼҵŮʷϸոհ˳˵ҷǵôӴǸǡ
ȥѰҵĲʲôãҪǵðƽϢ˲ǡִ߽˵
ƽϢʷתһһȦүҪȻ˳츮ЩԵĶץ
˵ʲô֮ڷ˵ʥϵɫŵʱʥ϶˳츮ȥץˣǼʲôϵִæʷϵ顣
οЩԵİץʲôãѫ˼ͷǻô
ã춹ҲżҴ̽Ϣ
ү̫̫춹æִƺʷϼ
ɱæЩˣ춹˵˵̽ʲôʷæ
ү˵ʷ̨ǱѾ׼үˣүǰ׼ǡ춹æ˵
żԭ͹ܼҼϣҲǴʲô߰Ļ֮ǰżҲѹûעʲôԡ
ֱ֮ʷ̨ĺѣ֪ǼҸּ׼ң֮ѣ֪֮ô¡
춹ȥżҵʱ֮ҲҪͨϢء
ʷ֪ˣʷϽͰ͵
̫̫ģүʥģʥҲΪôС·үġֺæȰο
쳲Ǹ棬޵ƽ仧˵ҲǸû˵ëͷСӣ˵ףҲլ°ˡ
ִȴǻʵ۵ĸس
ʵôΪլ飬Լĸسִ覴õĸʵء
ʷ˼ֺĻԺ󣬿ִƣִƵͷʷŷ
̫̫ͷˡҴҽ˵
ҡʱ˸ʲôʷϼ
̫̫ǻȰʰɡ̾˿ϻϣҲµҵʲôˡ
϶ȥɡִƳĬζԧ˵϶ôҲ˹Ҳһ
⼸նһֱԼԺ飬вţټϼԺýǱҵĻҪ硣
ԧæվСظ˵˵ͷԡ
ʷϿҵĹܼӣ̫̫ĸʱˡ
Ȼǹܼ˵̫̫ǼҹǺҶүûԵˣҲҲûŶǼү̫̫˼ǣ͵û¹
ԭҲûͷԵģ֪ʷ̨ǶʷʼдӵִơẲͬǾʷϢҡ
ȷʵԼҹ޸ź£Ͼִء
صľ̫̫֪ûԴôԼҹ޹ȥԼҵ
ǵʱ˵ʱ̫̫Ǽ̫̫ҲԭˣҲ̫̫ѵʱǼ̫̫廹ǼҡǹܼӴӻ׳һݸʷϵ
ʷϲ¾ʹգ£ֻƲͷǹܼӡ
ǹܼӵҲάŰݳȥơ
̫̫°ɡվǹܼӹ壬ݸʷϵ
㡭
̫̫ȻϣҲٵˡȻɫЩ԰ףȴᶨԭҵ£Ҹóеġ
ã־ҵĶӣ̫̫ҵĶﻹ˼Ұɡִֿ˼һȻ²ˣ黹ڵġ
ʷִƶô˵ˣ鲻ԸԧȥǶó
ү˵ǣǼүҲ˼ܼ¶Ժ˵


26 
ҵĹܼӣõԺ󣬵ҲԸٶය
ֹүүһ仰ū澸ܼ˵үͬʷ̨ʷǶѾд޵ˣܻڴ󳯻ӡ
˵꣬ǹܼҲ˵ɫһҲˣǼү̫̫ū澻ȥ棬ū澾ȸˡ
ҵģȥִ͡Ƶһ㶼ûƽǸܼӵ
֪˼ңҵͲøҡʷϵǹܼԺܻ˵
үҲǣǸôʲôҪ˵Ӱȥǡ
˵˵ִҲӦʷϵŭʼ
Ҳңԭ˼ҾȻҪҲȻִ֪ҪԼæ˵
˵Ժ󣬿ִƵɫޱ仯Ļش𣬼ִƵ⻹ǲ⣬ֻӲͷƤּһ
οǼҲûҪǼҶ˽˼ⲻǻǼ͸ʷҪү
ʲôϢɩֳú춹ϢˣҪǼúӣʷϼƫңæ˵
˼ҲһƬģͷҲøү˼
أִƵĿһۼʵ

˵ոյЩףﻹܴ
㵱˵Ҫѧģƾ٣Ҳ㡣ִ˵ô飬˵ûжʲôĳҪΪ˴ļȴǰ㶼ûѧ
Ĺֲ佫佫ôһԲϴһܣҲǲʶôơ
ĹǶǶƤӵģҲ࣬ҪĹͷãǱزٵġ
ϴڣִƿ۾ӣһѱԼ̲סǾɺ˵˵
үǸʲôŶ󡣡ʷæҪѼֺӼִƵġħצ̳
˾ֻ˵еۣȴ˵Ҫڴ󳯻ʱӣǲһˡֺ˵
Ŷ㵹˵˵ʲôһִû뵽ԼӵܿͬɵôȤ
ʷֻѰϼӣǼ˵Ҳֻ游ޣֻٹļ°ˣ游ʥǰӻҲв游ʥϲʹ䡣
Ǵ󳯻ǾͲͬˡ
ʲôͬѾʼʶԼʮֶӶȲˡ
ʷڴ󳯻ϵǸʱԱڣʷֵð游磬ӡǼҾ'ֻиſڵʯʨǸɾ'
ֺԼǰһ޵ֵӣޣʷ
ʷ̨Щƣֺܲ
ֺ٩٩̸˭ܰһͯ
游ǰ̵ĺãЩ㡣ִļֺͷ
ճ˶⣬ϵҲö˽˽⣬ΪƾֻҪˡִƵ
үҲ˵ʱҪЩʷʱڴ󳯻ϵô죿ʷάάϰˣżִƱͬʱҲǼǵڼִǰάһ䡣
ģءִĵ˵ҼǵõʱѦҶ׵ʱû˵Ǽĸ
үڻǼʲôʷŭүڻǵɣҪ˵ڲѹǣʴȡ
Ҽǵ÷·ȷʵû˵λżִƲԵ޹Ǽ֮ǰ͵Ǽҵһţҩȥ
ֻǣҲ֪ǽĵŮܼ޵̻˼ȥԴҾͶĬŮĶ
öڽǰͷдǶǲ֪ܵһ䣬ǴأǼҲܲ˵ﻹû䣬дȥҵ·ʷǿװס
˵䣬ҩѾϴ˹ִһȻûҵλ
Ҿ֪ˡִƷ˷ԺվҪͷȥ
үʱҪȥʷϿżִͷߣæȥʵ
ҵŮҪɻ飬ģôҲΪ˼ǡִ˵˳ȥ
⡭ô飬үҲүǻҪȥ׼ɣʷż꣬ȥǰͷүȥˣ
̫̫𼱣үзִءֺο
ִƳţʷҲû飬ֻȥ£˼ֺͼһûһġ
˵죬ʷҲǻһĽǡ
ʥϣٹˡִҲĵĳ̫ͣ»æȥͨ
ôˣʵɻѴɡ
΢μϡִһ͸ʵһ
ûãټҲûʲôȨƶȣִλȨصسڻʵ۸ǰܵøء
ִǸʵһģ˽¼ʵۣûִʱ
ִ񣬻ֻʽĵ߼ϲҪ
ִô񣬵ǰѻʵ۶һ
ǷʲôˣʵæִƵ˵ùҪǴҲסġ
ʥϸһͻּ⡣ִ˵
ôʵ٬°ͣʵļҵĹˣ˲Ը檣ǹﲻԸ޸㣿
ҡִƿǰûлʵӵĻʵۣЩΡ
ŶŶŶҲǣʵ۵ǸľԴǼ϶
ܿļҹˣĸͻ顣ʵ۵
ǣһͻּҴѦҵġִƹ˵
ˣҼǵǼһšʵɻ
ִԭҲŰͷȸʵ͸ףͬ飬˵ʹʷ˵ڻʵӡȴǲͬġ
Ǽ϶Ǹӣܸ˼ҹﰵͨǸҲ̫ûˡʵԺԹԹЦ
Ц꣬ʵɫôҴģ
ǣҲǱƵġִ̾˿
Զʵ˵ˣִҲڻʵǰҡ
ִԾһһʮԼҴôһһĽ˼ȦףȾ˼ҹҲʵһ顣
ѽǼҼҲ˴ίˡʵ۱Ц˵ģ£ҿ϶ỹһġ
ϣ˵⻰֮ǰܲܰ׻һաҪЦûôҾˡִε
Ҫͻʥּǰɣʵ֪æ˵»ūţĥī


27 
ִҲԼˣֱӴȥʵдʥּ
ϣһ£дҴ̫ģˣֱӼִµʱӣڰ©ס
Ҳ㣬дʥּʱָָ㣬ʵЦƣд
ʵȻֵģȴͣżִƵ˼дһš
ˣ»պðɣɫҲˣǼٱһգȥּʵ˵
ԭһʰǼңʵֹһ䣬ִļִƵļ򣬡ư˾͵֪ͼ޸д˵ʥּ޺һپƲǡ
ɫˣִŴһ
˵ִƻˣϺͼ¼ִʲôԸҲҴҵĸϵá
үȥˣôôơʷһԸѾȥӺͽʯһʵ
Һʥһ˵ưˡִưڰֵǼλҵĴֶŮ˵ͻʥּ
ͻʥּʷϻŵү㲻ȥǼͻ˰ɣ
ɣүҲûӲëֹһ϶үġ
ֹᣬִȻˣüԴȻ϶Ļ£ӣʺŻ¡
Ͽżⱻִţ͵͵Цˡ
ִ˼ǸµģʷҲ˼ʼִôˡ
һĺ޼ôҾ͸һźû£ʥϸѦҴ˻顣ִЦ˵
ɡѦϴµĲҶôʷϽͰʵ
ִƺ˵ƣټҲѾתʽȤʷϽǰǼҶʱ˵ϴ϶𣿡
ǣǲĬ˾϶ôʷЩɻ󣬵ùˣʷֻи˵ķݡ
ֻΪһֶŮĻ¸Щȥʥּʲôִ۾
԰һټҵŮ޸̼֣ǵҲ˽⣬ִƲһ
ңȻѾѦҶ»ˣôЩԣɲǲô
˵öԣ滻һôԺǾִ֪һӡ
һӺɻģѦͬ⣿ʷһ䡣
ŮŮ˵׻Ѧ׬ˣǼʲôòͬġѦҲͨάϵҵĹϵⳡҲи
Ȣ˭ȫѦҵĿǷΧ֮ڡ
˵ǰˣֻҪѦҷѦҴүȢ¥ŮӶС
ʥּˣѦҲͬҲͬⰡһҪʥּͻҲѦҵҫˡ
Լ׵Ѿ׵ۼҲ۵ã۵ȫ˵Ҳһ
ɩɩһ󡣡˸Ҿ
лֱ˵ô񡣡Źŵ棬ܼ
ȥ¹Ժ飬˵¹Ժѧżߣҵˮƽǿȥԡ̫һ
ԼԸӣ˵ˮƽǿϣ͹ϲĿˡ˵ԼҪȥ¹Ժ飿
϶컳ԼСӸˡ
¹ԺȷʵѿͷѧĳЩߺŽȥ֮⣬඼˾˵ĹŻȥ¹Ժġ
ѰҲ߲ţνߺŵˣ϶ЩСЩ仹ûʲôȴѧԨԴġ
Ͼ¹ԺǸĹӼġ
¹Ժ˵治ѣòүӳԼһǡ
Ϊ¹Ժɽϵ׶壬ŶͶϥֻӣϵ׹Ůģһ˽¹ԺŶ϶ͬ
ϿɲӦС
¹Ժֱأ˵û뾩ôԶɴӾǵֱ죬˵ˡ
ϥ붼֪ſ϶ǲͬġ
Ȼʷһ˵Ҫȥ¹Ժæ˵Ϳǲǣ¹ԺֱҪȥǶ飬ɲ÷ڲܻҪĲɣ
ھǻǻԣ̽ʵԱ翵Ķ˵ֲһ⣬οʥѾˣҲҺ
ԶԶԣ˵öԣҴʷæ˵ҪȥԺ飬ڹӼ಻Ǹãס
¹ԺԹҪԵģӼΪġȻˣΪ˱ϹٶҲ˳飬Ӽ໹и涨ƷϹԱҲȥӼ顣
ִƺôǳƷĹ˵һˣѼ⣬żֺͽӼ鶼û⡣
̫̫ϸˣӼ಻ʺҡͷ˵
ε飬˵ڿǱִһһ׵ˣԼ˵εĴʵ̫ˡ
ˮﱻ˿۹⣬ٵ
һֱΪףٹĵմӣҪ꣬ġ
̫̫ϲٹ˵㷶Χּңûһġ
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ǣȥ˽꿼ԣ˵ǿˣɽ˺ö
ʱ˵ʶҵıˣᣬĬÿǸ
ٵӰ쵽ãӰ쵽ּҡ
ʱ׹֮ǰһֱڸĸΪõ۹Щ˿ٹĸף̫̫ĸס
ӼȻЩҲǱѧ֮ʿɼҲΪٵĹԱӵܶȥӼ࣬ԹӼǰԼҴ˵Ĺλű
ʼҲû٣ӵܶڹ飬ʼףҪȥ˹ӼǱŵˡ
¹Ժѧĺã˭ҵĺӣԺȫֻѧӡ
̫̫¹Ժʺҡᶨ˵
¹ԺֻܴһͯģүǵˡͻȻ˵
ϼ޽ô꣬ﲻ֪ʷü۵ģǼߵһȴѾ߾ĸȵģԺɨӵСѾ߸ࡣ
ļҪȥ¹ԺˣϾⲻˡ
ǰɩ˵ǣͯëëŵźú㡣ʷ˵ֻܴһͯæȰ
̫̫˵õ϶ǸӤƵģ϶нŵģҪ˵˭ô϶ԼԼˡس
ɩģûĻƵģֻ˵ûôġ
ûԣ⵹е㲻ϰˡ


28 
ȷҪȥִƿżʵ
ǣүѾϸˣȥ¹ԺĿǰ˵õ·ӡᶨ˵
У˵ҪȥҲ㡣ִƳһҲ鷳ɩˣȥš
ִҲôԼҽ϶¹Ժúö飬ܾüȥ˲£¾͵Ҫ
ִҲ֪ʷǸ簮ӵģʱһ֣ʷϹƿ϶ȥӼ
Ҫһ֣ǵϷãԼִƲŻ˵ֱȥүӡ
Ǽִȥүӣ֮棬ҲʡΪѡ
ҪȻǰѺҲ͵ԺȥˣͻҲʡǸһջðѺ͵żȥһء
ΪɫҲеˣҲƽֺ˯ʱˡԭֺЩ˯ˣ⻰ֱ˯۾ʼˡ
ֺϱӾԺ飬ԺҲϤҪǣȥԺֺҲͲڼǰװСˡ
˵ʲôʷԭ˸ӣͷĳżȥô𣿺żꣿҶ᲻á
ԭļҲͷһҲ̫ͿŶ󡣡
ҪȥҵǿȥʥǶְ񣬸ܵһȥִƵ㰲źʲô
ϺͼҲòͬ۹⿴⡣
ˣҵǳʸ֮ˡ̯Ц
ģ̫̫ǸŵĵȥԺġʷסֺο
СҲأȻҵĲŵҲȥԺ
ʵҾȥԺҲͦõġֺΪԼȡ䡣
˵游ѧʱԺЩöˣֻܷ游ǶǡԼССȥض顣
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˵ˣֺ֪ܲԼȥѧԺô
ڶգɭŸԼ̫̫һµŮĻ£Ҳûгš
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˵ھǻҵȨڽ֮ĵطһ΢һ˼ȴȫԵġ
ϾͷϢҲûôͨԶˣ˭֪ھʲô
ҼȻأּҲһЩҲѹסҵġ
ɭһҲ۰ŮһҲŽŮΪô
ɭ˺ü˼ңڵҲģԼ̫̫
ɭ̫̫Ůµʱ̫̫ȴһֱ˸ʡ
үּҵĻ治ˣ̫̫һɭгѡûһȵϼּҵģ̽ʵ
ֺγý޽ּأҲִ֪ƵӣȥôˣǼҼȻûףǲˡɭ̾˿
Ҫ˵˭Ů޵ּңɭŵһġ
ɭҲɵӣ֪ܵĺǳҪ׵ģֻˡ
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ճŮأýĹϵ޽ּңмִʵĸ׼ҡΣʱִΪŶҲһѡ
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ܳɭæѸո׼õƱ̫ЦһլˣҲû뵽Ůõʥϴͻ飬ɲ̫ô
ҲۼңҪϱˣ϶ǼҴ󲻾֮ּ̫Ц
ǣ¹ܲŹĺôɭЦ̽ʵֻǣǼҹĸϵôʥϻԴͻ飿
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ۼҲһ㵹ǿԸˣٹʥϺһؾơּ̫ЦЦ˵ˣɫҲˣҲûعˡ
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ް˵˵Ǹ˼޵ѦȥͼŮͼ̻ⲻôתͷõͷǶָŮ˵
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ү̫̫һɫЩţæɭүС˺˵
үȥͷԾ֪ˡøԸǰνЩˣ˵Ҳ˵ɫԹԵĻԼԺӡ
ѾˣɭҲѾ˻ɡ
ȥͷɭֱԼȥøˣҲв̫̫˼ͷˡ
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ҵʥֻּ֪ͷֵ׵ʱֻʱ䣬ʹ̽ˡ
ððæֺüִƶǵĲ磬ҵٹðɭ˵Ļ㱨һѪ
үϢŭҲһǼҴȥȰǻܸٹ͵ġ
ǣǼǸŮ飬Ǽף˭֪ɭҡ
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ͿôôͿɭָ̫̫ǲǻֶָαƼּȢŮҲִǲвˡ
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ˣнȥްɡɭЩȻ
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ˣ춹ȥŵзɱøˡʷ˵
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ΪʵڵպϾ֮ǰֺʱͷһ̥áȥչ̫ʱ̫ѲӰ
˶ǲģҪھͿʼѰţȰѲѰãҲܲһǡĬ˰ε
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߰˸Ժ飬иʲôϲͷƾ˵ˡ
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УҩȥÿΣں춹ź¸ոժΣͻȻ˵
̡ʱƶѾ˯ˡҩЩΪѵ
ϾֺסأٴѾȥֺ֪ģΪ϶ʷϲء
֪ҵǿġϵ
̣Ҫūָֹҩ
òţŻǸһԵģأ̻ǸϽϢɡ⿴֮ǰϲ٣ֻϸϽϢ
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ȻˣСʱū澵岻ãū澾ȥ׽㣬ūͺˡ
ǸСѾ߻һᶨĸֺ˵š
ǣ̫̫ҳȥҲȥӰֺһΪѡ
ԺӺ治иɻôū˵˲ٵ㣬ҪȥǶ׽
Ŀżֺ˵˺ãżֺǸѾȥ˺ɻء
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Сֺȴ֪ȥ㣬ոջ׵Ѿ߽ȴſȥһ˲䣬Ƶ˳
֪Ĵ׾Ͱ飬Ҳֻ飬Ӿ
ϿСֺˮƴﻹǸѾߵ֣㡭ҡҡǸСѾȴͷҲصߵˡ
ƴ벦ȥԼĶӣȴһֱͽ޹
졭졭ȾȺ
ֱѣ֪һجΡ
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̣ˣɻȥˣǲˡ
һ˯ţֿʼˣǸոյǸСѾߣܵԼǰ˵ֺǲˡ
ǸԼһӣѾ߰˸µУǸСѾôһţֱӾŵˡ


29 
ϿԼΪܵѲûºӣʹѪˡ
Ͽİɫٹһ֮ʧ˳ϱ͵ճصԺıQʹޡ
żⲻ֪ԵɣֻΪӵĳŵԼƴµĺӵɱ޳ˣܲˡ
żһսһյĻơ
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ֻ֪һΣǸȴ̫ʵ»ʵ
ѹˣ˯òãһŵϣҲ𴲣ֻܱĿ
˶ǽźˣ⿴ˣæֺõЦЦ
񿴵⣬ͲɵθƵĶԴĺӣһһ檵ġ
ǣүòС檰ɣҸǰˡ̲סżⷢ
ʲôС檣һãȻ
ã춹ǽźϴͷ
춹ǽүʰʰѴү̸͵鷿ȥԺүס鷿ϵ
ãū澴ʹʰԭ춹Ҳû룬ֻҪүַ˯
˵ʱҲûүַɵױ˼ҶģԺ춹ҲûԥֱӾӦ
춹תͷͿɱĨظʹɫ춹ֻӲתֻ鷿ֻһŹۼҲˣү鷿Ҳסϰߡ
ǰǰ춹˵ǣ̺ôҲҡæ˳ź춹Ļĵ
סϰ߾ȥ᷿Ժҵۡһŭӡ
үǺôˣ춹ʼүôҲ˼̶ĺӵ㡣
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ѵǴүǸнѾߣ
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޷ҩȥ˵ǿźҲŷġĵĻԼҴļѾߡ
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춹ô˵ǾְİϢ͸˳ȥ
ǿǴүĵճǴġ
ҿźүǼǣĸĸСƵģĸǳ޵ʱһüױġźүĴѾߣ޵һȥء
ٲһģҲǼ˸С£ҲǸӡ
Լҹ޵ĺãѲɻ᲻̧ң
Ϣһ͸ȥֻҪŮģǹڼܲܳģԼҴȥһѣͼģ̫̫ʹܿϡ
ôͻȻѾˣʷ΢ЩϾڿɻǰأϵƹˡ
ܲ˵ֻŸѾߵҳǸСѾ
Ҫô˵ʷϿ϶õ֢̫ҽúÿء
ҪǸҲЩˣҲøȥˣҲŸѾߡϵ
ЩҲͲźˡʷЩãֻȥϸǰ߿ˣǸġ
̫̫սʷ˵׺ǵ̳ģһֱڸź³Ͻ
ʷһɼȷʵʮ֣ڣЩǶϡ
ȷʵǵѾˡʷֻöˣæĵҵǲѾߣֻ̥Ҳûأǲ̫ĵġ
̫̫ģҶҲءæ˵


30 
ǲ飬һһϾպźġ˵
ǾޱæӦһСܳȥҼֺ
õ᷿ſڣǾޱͿҩſڴӣҩ㣬ôøȥԺһѾء
ҪѾˣҩͣеĻʵ
⻹м٣ЩСǶڶԺءǾޱôôʣ
ⲻ̰ҵ˸ǶպǸߵĴѾˣһ·أ⼸ݶĲ֪ж٣Ҵ򷢻ȥˡҩЦ
ǾޱȴʮĽҩ˵ߺڸ߶ǴѾߣߵĵһ˿϶Ǻ춹϶һ֮أڸߣС¶
ȵȣȥдûУҩ
ֺǰʱ±ʳ£дļֱǼȴ廪ֱޱ˭˲˵һá
ΨһЩģǸЩò֡
ȻҲ˵ֺджֻǺĽʵЩô䡣
һֺףҲʹЩָдøצƵˡ
Ǽ?״Ԫ?ǸӣԼдɲöһô
ҩùãôˣֺͣ±ʵ
ǶѡѾߣȥءҩæ
ðɣȥɡֺε˵
ҩżֺСӣ̲סЦ
ˣ죬һƣϲĸ㣿ϿֺԺæֺ֡
ֺֻףѾһһȥÿȥһվһţϿϸơ
վĶ뵱ֺߵѾߵģ˵ֺףɴҶ֪Ǹģ˵׼ǸѡǣµѾæվԽһЩ
һѾߣˢˢĿֺüֺ㱼һԼѡĸо
ޣֺ˦˦ͷԼ˼˦˳ȥ
ҪѡѾ߰Ҫ˵С˰ɡֺ
ֺǰһֱСźģҪѾߣֺЩϰߡ
СѾϸģٴЩٸСˣƣϲĸ
ҪüֺԼѾߣϾѾ飬ҲǵÿԵģǼֺѾȻǴⲻ˵ġ
죬ϸģҳǸ
ɡֺʵԼͦǿģѾǲô⣬ָֻĿģžͲϲ
ɣȻȥˡˣֺҪ
ͽˣ
µѾǿ˶ҧгݣ֪ͶǮˣôҲԼǰͷ
żͷһءæûҳأƺͷġ
˵ٿģµѾǲųһ
վ̻Ҫڿͷġ춹æ˵
ʲôֺϿһһŵѾߣЩ֡
ۿŵµѾûʣ¼ˣǸȴûӰϲЩǡ
ʲôǿûģЩġǿЦЦ
ҲûˣõµһɡֺЩϵľٶҲû룬ֻǵ˺ЩѾ߶ηηģֺҲϣȫһҲͰˡ
ҲǿһˣⲨﻹûǸСѾߣüĶûС
춹Ǹ͵Ѿ߶ˣֱӣתͷ춹
أ̣ӺͷģֻҪ͵Ķˡڸźڴ棬˭᲻
ѲֻһΣһ
˵ʲô˵ᣬߵļֺֹֻһ䣬ȴҲ˵ʲô
ûʲôæԺѾˣҲøȡ֡
Ǿͽкʺͻīɡֺ
лϿµѾߵ
/īл
ϸֺһ·Լȥɡ
ˣǧסɲȥɻرϡֲһ䡣
İɡֺ룬ԼֲСȥ˺Ҳܳ°
̣ǺʺͻīλҾȴȥǽ̵ȥѧ˹أȥź춹
ҼסˣԺˣǲŻãһ˿ãҲò˺ãסûУô˼䣬ú춹ȥ
ڲɵûɣԼǲǰôһ翵ο̫ˣûôһСѾߡ
ϣֿʼǸˣֻȴЩͬˡ
·ǰҪȥˮߵĻȥˣǸƭȥɻرߵʱ򣬺ûȥ
ϳһ
ûǿ꣬ǸѾ߾ȻǿаѺ˺ɻرϣȥ
һαجξˡ
ʵЩ벻ͨεԢ⣬ûԢ⣬ΪҪεıԢ⣬ΪѰҲǸ֡
˰µףʰ׼ȥ¹Ժˡ
˵ʷͽ˼Ҫȥض飬ѰӶܻʵˣϲⱧԹһ䡣
֪Ͳ飬ƵѧЩȭŹȻѧʱһЩʵڹﵱôջؼҡʷһ߿Ѿʰһ汧Թ
̫̫ϲ顣һϰҲġ
Ǹ֪ܵСѾͷģҪȻҵҲΪ˱ܿȥôԶĵطѧѾ˿ֱʱʷʱ÷ӣת
Ҫ˵ҲǸ϶ѧʲôȭŹ򣬵Ӧ϶ȥѧһѧˮ˵Ҫǵ϶ˮ϶ԼϰⲻͲᱻʲôĸôɵڱ˵š
ǻˮ
ϸ뵽ҪǺˮôûҳǸʹѾֺηǱƽˮԼϰ
ûѾߡֻͭʤϰԼеֶɵߣҲ©ʱ
ǺԼӾǾ˲֮ϡ
ϴ⣬Ҫúѧˮ
ô뷨һͻȻ;ԼϵĴʯͷɿˡ
Ҳǹļģ죬⻹˼ͼƫƫӼĻǺûô
С壬Ҳúúһ㶼佫ҵСӣ˵˵Ҫһ·ٷˣ㲻ýȥˣŻ
ûбŵ֪ʷȷ汻ŵˣǰӾǵֱôԶ·Ҫϸɽ˿ô죿
Ҫүһӱȥʷż˵
̫̫ү˵أǾﵽֱߵöǹٵ·ȫѧѧӺ̵ˣʲôɽˡĴʯͷ˵أҲ˼ȰһȰʷˣҶÿϾߵĶ·ȫúܡ
̫̫İɣǸǵͬһȥģһ·϶໥ӦġҲæ͵
һȥҲͰˡʷŷк·Ҳϰɣ춼֪ʲôˡ
·ֺռطǵʱ϶ҲøԺͽ񣬵ʱͽʱ˰ѺѸүȥƤӣҲٸүµģҲһȥϵ
ϸʷ˵㻳أվţ
ʷϺ޲ðѼƽԵõȫϣΪһʳᾫڲϸģȥ꿼ԵʱǼƽõĶʹ󳵣Եĺʹء
ؼȴĥԼģʷϸ׼Ķֻһ
㶫ͷôסùߣʷϼֱʹļס
̫̫ģԺʲôеģҲöϣʡ׸ˡˣʷϻæȰ
ǣ϶ҲȥģֲȥġڱǷǷ˵
ɱɡʷ˼һڵ
߼ԺʷҲЩ᲻Ȥ԰Ѻ͵˶Ժ
ҼŴү˵үǻˮİɣʼ
ǣεÿɺˣԼϱǰһԼ۵ׯȥүθ㿴
ȥ飬пգү̺ˮɡϵ
ҽˮ
ˮ
ֺͼͬ˵ˮ˰ɡ


31 
ʱЩһѾˡ
ǻôһˮҲͻʽӾҲֻǰҫҫҪ̱ˣǾĲ̫ʵˣԼҲǸӡ
͸ҧѧ師Ƶã師ֻܸͽܴ۵Сˡ
ܴԽǼҪԽȥոյԼһӣNɪڿôճɣ
ܲģٰ̺ɣ
˵첻ߣٻ첻ߵڶǰҲҪӵİ
ֺǾ͸ɪɪˣǰˮʧȥСӴˣϴˮ⣬ˮͺ£⻹ȥѧˮ
ôͻȻȥѧˮˣֺΪϵĻͷװװɰ˭ڰǰˣ
ֺŪǷǵС˸ҳ֪СүҲǺǵġ
Ȱѧˮ
Ҳæ֪˭Ҫӡ
ʲô˽ǺѧһżհˡЦţżֺĶӣǵ˵ʲô˽ǿðɡ
ǸܵԼֳ϶ӵĺڼֺϵĶӵʱͻȻ϶ﶯһ£ѪоӼֺֻֿ̥ʼֺӡ
ֺ￪ʼһŴŴźͷСŮ硣
ҪǣҪõĻǵҲ̫̫ʰɡ
ԴһҾ;һΣҲ֪ԼóȻüֺȥѧӾȷʵЩ֣԰Ǹλʽ˵ﰡһ˵ֳȥѧˮ˵Ǻһ٣ѧˮܻ⡣
ҵḷ́ⲻһΰˣǺöأˮ²ѧҲաæ˵Ǻʲô١
ô˵ֺڱϷͷѾǴ󸣷ˡĸˣǻʲô
ү˵꣬ԭҲǲģһ춼εˣܲɺϰɣ
εǺΪȥץ㣬Сʧˮ˵ֺˮǸ棬ϾĺôССһڳȣ˵žͿʼ
ͼֺ⸱ӣֺæޣѧˮǡ
ֺ˵꣬ЩԺڣ飬ŬŬҲͰˣˮеˮ
ǰǰ˶ޣͽ̺ѧˮ˵ţֱ׾ϲᡣ
˵ʲôȥǶءӲ˲ѧҲȥԵĵطǸͷĺɻؾС
ɻغãڸﵹҲ㡣⹷ȵܵ
ͼֺôһĸѾѧˡ
ôͷɥģоļֺļʵûã游ˣ
ֺȫĶͶ뵽ԼҪȥѧˮôһߵʵûо˵ʲôֻĻоһš
ѽѧϰĽȶˣ游㣿˵ֺѧϰȣоĹǶһأÿһڿεģȴˣΪάԼֵϣо鶼˲١
ˣϱȥȥоֺ˵ֻӼǰ˵ˮƽͲ϶ܼҺܺÿ
ӼࣿϱֺǻعˣʣڼֺͷŲһȥ
Ӽ಻ǶĵطôϲǾӪЩϾʱѵôôܻ쵽һȥˣǲӦΪôôԸȥ˴˶
ǰǰǿôѾвľӶѾھˣԹӼ͸˸ϱҴ򼸳Ҳ໥ʶˡоҪȥĻǾȽ㣬ȥӼࡣ
ҪôϣֺɻʵôҵıһϳʱСˣǾԶμӲˣɲǼ꺮׷ô
ǰû򰡣ءо
Ȼ̫ڳڶ飬ԺѧӶϲ˶̫Լһöźȥоš
Ǿô˵˹㡣оһ
磬ҿȥˡ
ҵĺõܵܣٶһ鲻ʲô˵ģһӣȥ¡оżֺӣͲˡ
Ƕ飬ҵѧˮѧˮ£ֺһʹԼô͵ʱһ飬ͬѧˮء
ѧˮоܵɣȻ챳Լ͵͵飬۱ǲˮİѧɶ
о˵ˮҲһʣ̫£ոϱߵʱΪֵµĻ϶ǱˣΪδȫûǼԴͼֵΣġ
ԣǱԼˮҵ٩
໣ҲǣǼϵϱߵġ
ֺԼѧأһΣ˵һ٣ѧˮ⡭
ֺû˵أоѾЦˣɿɱ治զùΪһѧˮ𣿡
оתͷֺһп˵ı飬Ž˵ѧ⡭Ҳûʲôˮô
㲻ǲѧˮôð͸ù˵ҪһȥϡоͻȻ뵽һ⡣
ҲǡֺҲôȥϣѧˮԱǼֺǸԸȥϱϾԼϳǡ
Ǿô˵ˣо
ʲô˵ȥôϰˮȥϡ˵Ҫȥϣϵûԣֻ˵ĻԼֺ˵ȴǺ̡ܲ
İɣͰź˵ġϿһۼֺЦЦ˵ʱԱΧΧᣣºѧĲãҲû˿
ٹ԰ӻи֣л㷼԰Ǻɻ˵Ǻɻأ޽ʱȴǻ˴󹦷򣬴ӱսǽ˻ˮʵִкΪ
Ҳ¼ɵģһСĳ⣬Ѱ˼ˮԺܺõڱš
ֻṷʽӾѧʱҲû˽̣Ǽִưˮأıܾͽѧˡ
ֺߣͦŶӻڱϿţɲҰѼֺȥ
ֻԼˮӱϵˮҲüֺڱԣڱأɡ
ˮڼ⿴Ҳڱţ϶ģڼֺˮŶΡ
ֺڰ̽أûܹǸ
ͣöءڱϹ
ֺûӣý̽Ŵһºɻˮ
ŴˮʱˮֱĸоüֺֻȻǰºʱˮֺ˵Ϣ
ֺԵĲˮֺſǻ˵
ƽʱ򣬿ֺϿͷüֺѧˮˡ
ѧѧˮǸֺҹģֻܱԼӲȥһԡ
ڳӵ˰죬ҲȰ˼ֺ죬⵹ùԸˮԭͲʲôĵˡ
żֺڰԥãͦŸڴ̫ɹţҪڵȥǵȵڣһˮ򵨱קһѼֺ
ѽʲô²µģˮܻбܵģڱϿţܻʲô
Ǽû뵽ѼֺקȥԺ󣬼ֺȾҡ
£ڵءæο
ɼĻո䣬·˴̼ļֺд˼֣Ȼּ
⣺㵹һ䰡
£ء˵͸оԼȥô
ִ˵ںɻѧӾ游ľԾԾԵȥҲòɼزͬǴһӡ
ִŸոյ԰ſأӾʧ
ִƵҲ˲ùүˣæɻء
ֺѾĳˮŻˣ͸ܲڵǾУǿ޵ģɰѼִƸۻˡ
ִҲ˲æְѼֺקذߣʲôأ̺ѧˮô̵ģûڿôҽʱô̵ģ


32 
үⲻǽ̺ѧˮôҲ˵ˣ˵ǱܾǱƳģȼˮҲѧˡ
ʲôʱ˵ִֻŭû·ʪôɱˣһɾ·
⿴һϸ߸߹ŵ̫µϻŰʱ
ٵͷһԼʪӣͷϣòпһ䣬˱ˣˡ
һȣеƵġ
תͷͿһֺء
游СԹԣ°ִƱżֺֺԴ
үûʲôණɣҼƤˡԼʪ䣬ҪִƿԼĸ첲
Զ㣬ˮմˡִƱżֺֺԶ
үǶ׼˺·ҴȥɡָΧʵ
үҲϽȥ·ɡתͷ˵
ҲǸصģôôɵü֡ϾԼǵģִҲϱôǸˣӳԷģҪѧʲôˮ
үҲԺΪˮΣա¼ִһüֺѧˮһ
ʲôΣգִƲΪ⣬ôҲǴҹӣҲǳ˵ģܲˮȥ
ٲУҸˮԺõСˣǿԷ˰ɡִ˵ž;Լá
ִֵ¶ϷıǼСҲǴСˮ߳ģˮԺõúܡ
˸źҪʲô
ֺ·ûʪĸпůģĽҲʵʵ̤ϣֺŸоԼ˹
游˲󼺡ִƵĻֺĬһ
ֺ֮ǰ֪Լˮģˮʱֻšʧ룬ü?״Ԫ?ѵһԼʧȥƿصĸо
ǣ֪ԼˮԸԼأ
ǣڵԼֻǸСûʲôвС檶ûУҲʲôլ֮Ը
ǣֺ֪Լ뻹ǺǰһһʷһηȨ󣬲ηգֻΪ°շʷ
һʷǱȻģ˶ˣҪȻҲС
ֺû취е̰ΨһľǣԼ㣬ԼøЩܸõΪ
游ԸѧˮġֺͷִƣֻʵЩˮǵÿ˷ܾã游Ҹʦ
ȷʵˮԼֺԭͶˮη˵϶Ǹʦ
ֺҪģ϶һѭ򽥽ʦ
ԭֺʧǸӣһֱСƵļֺ޳ϵһֱš
ԭúѧˮʱҲ֪ԭˮ³
ִ˵ԸֺˮԺõСˣʱ̲ĸżֺʱϾͲͬˡ
ģĻ᲻ˮֻҪϸСЩܱܿٲãӣҲúá
䡰˲翿ֲ޳ˣĺ־
ãȻҪѧ游ȻøҸʦִƸƴЦ˵
ִһѾģҪǼִֵµıǼѧˮʱ޳ִƱܽߵ֤Ͳ£ȹˮ
Դӣִ游ľͿܿࡣ
ɼִƵĵֺγüֺܼѧˮܲηˮأ
ҪҸʦ⻻˸·춼ˣôҪҸʦˣѲҽ̵òã
ִƿһ˵أѧˮô̵ģ
̰Сֹһ䡣
ʲô
ûʲôү⼷һЦ
ȻûʲôȥֵôҲ˲µˣڼʲôӡִ
ӣִתͷźˣԹԣ游ھ͸Ѱʦȥ۾ѧˮΣ
游ӦȥӼ࿴ϡֺȥ游Ƕӣ쿪ʼѧɣ游Ҳüҡ
ȥϰִƵϺðҲȷʵöȥ˽
Ҳûʲô飬ҪǺĸ͹ùһȥϣִ²˵ϴϱȥȥ
ֺЩ±ƣͷ佫ĳĹϵôõ𣿼ִһ佫еĴﻹȥǵϱ
游ԸȥȻǸˡֺ㲻Եɣǻص
Ǹ̫̫ҲȥơϵҾͲȥˣǵҲ÷ˡ
ͦŸӣʱϳϿ϶ֵüңȻͲԸȥˡ
ֲͲĸҲȥ֮ԭΪԼֻҪһû뵽ּԼͱ
֮תͷЦ˵õȷʵȥ
Ϊҹùȷʵȥֺɻ
㻹СأȻ֮ļֺԴǲĸǾ͹Ӽˡ
ֺ˹Ӽ֮ոǻ˼˵ֻѧǵıȴʮֶ࣬ҲвٵĹ㡣
ķǿŵģ˵ҲЩŮ֮ĹأȴûֺǰŮŶó
ֺţ游ǵ˼ùùöߣҲöཻѡ
Ӽ鳡أΪģıϣ˼̨Ϊùڹۿġ
ֺǵʱѾв˼ڸ̨ĺˡ
ôôˡֺɻ
㵱ֻһϰоӱ§סֺļ
ѲɻбģֺԽЩôصġ
׽˵ûУоȻҪ׽ɲȿôĸطܺúÿǵƷòɲڹӼô
׽Ѳɰ׽Ůֺǰ˴ຬȻҲа׽ôһʣȴû˸ȥ׽һŮġ
ôñ˵һ䡰ҵŮǼ޲ȥô
ɲǣΪ׽ףʵȴ˲ٶءоһ㽵˵Ҫǽ˽ʿ᲻ļҵĹ￴ңȥ
⡭ôֵ𣿡ֺͷ·Щˣ磬ż갡ô˽ô
ô᲻֪оͷø߸ߵģ㵱ҵôʶģ
˵ҵ̽ʱ϶ҵоոձϱһ룬ͱ֮תͷһۣڸ׵ѹоŷֺռ¡
ûˡоֺеϧҲû£㣬϶磬㱻ʱҲ϶档
ҲءֺͰ͵ʵʵҲûҪ档
G˵ãûˣоתͷ˾ͽٳ֣Ҫżֺȥ˾ͽ顣
Һͺȥ档
ֺоһ£תͷִǡ
ִƺʷ϶Լֺ˾ͽŻּɣȻֵüֺ˾ͽӴ
οȻܿ˾ͽ飬Ǿζ̫ӿ϶ҲڣֺİȫҲбϡ
ִƶżֺڰֵžȥɡ
ôҲˣоʵ
Ҹ˵ҪǴ˲ǡ˾ͽ˵Ǵҳ棬Լˡ
ֺپӰ̫Χ˲ԶǸ̫ԼǸ̫ӷԼġ
̫үҲΪ˽ǣֺ̫ӱһ䡣
ֺã̷̫Ҳͦҵģ֣ţ̫Ҳҽύǣûʵۻɣֻܸδʿѧǽ
ô˵һģһ˾ͽżֺ˸ǿɱôɨ˵Ķǲǿ쿪ʼˣǰڻ游Ƕ˸öܿϵϸڡ
˾ͽѾ֣Ѿ˸ϻӹ
ϻĸԶ˾ͽȡԼһֱַݸֺоһһ
ôû˾ͽʵ
аǰˣȻԸšо
ǾͷҰɡ˾ͽϻһԶݸо
оһϻǸԶĻƷֿһ˾ͽͼֺģǶ˸ɫʯġ
ôžˣоһ
ǹңȻҪѺÿø˾ͽֱ׳
ءоԴҵˣŵһԣҲȷʵá
ֺһԼԶֿһ˾ͽģΪĶƶԶǶ˸ɫıʯͬһģȷʵʮֵ䡣
Ȼ󣬼??ĵӿ˺ɫ
ʲôԭźСŸǸбʯ֧ģϲ֧㻻ˡ˾ͽûô࣬Զݸо


33 
⻹˰ɡоڨЦҲǿЦˡ
ԶֻвˣöһԶģҲ;㻹ƽǵģֺϵȶҲˣһ䣬ϲҸ㻻ҲС
GϿ쿪ʼˣоԭ٩ܵõģû뵽Ǳܵǽѵһ٣æ
ǹӼѧӶԺ˾ͽҲû룬о˵쿪ʼԺæԶϿ˿
ǻкüֺ˾ͽ黰˼ʵ
ǰǰѧԺ֮϶ñһȻҲЩͬɵѧġ˵о²ؽܵ
ǿôֺɻˣǰҲǲμӹƿģ˭ڿ֮ǰƴģǲ飬Ϊ׼׼
ʲôǰ£ô鶼ˣѵ죿о§żֺĲӵ뷨ɲԣиǿǣҲǿƿıҪ
ɱ˵ˣʼˡ˾ͽӷü˵
ֺǰһĳ鱾ˣټҲ֮ϷҲֻ֪ôһϷȴûϡ
ֺ̧ϳȥϳ߶һɸߵɵšӼͻԺʮһӴ£һӴ·࣬ʮ˸˾ְеרеרš
ӼൽƣٹڶǸӼѧմ״ʣȻǵΪԼֶȲʣӼѧҲɶ磬
ֱһµڽӴԺһ˺üˣۿҪסһʰƿˣֱӾͳ嵽˹Ӽ£һ߽š
ֿʼܱߵ˷·𶼳˱壬ҲӶ˶սһ˵ıݡ
ԭҶǾĽǿģأھͿʼӸӼȲʣΪԺǸѧӼ͡
ã̫үҲ֪ʲôʱ˼ֺǺ棬ǸԹǵ˱һ򣬻Ժ32ĳɼսʤ˹Ӽ̫࣬Ӷɵýһá
ôʲôŵҲʧְԶȥ˾ͽ鱧Թ
úúãСԹԣҵĴòá̫Ҳ˾ͽ
ҲСЩſǶˣŰɡ̫˾ͽֵ
ˮˮֺͻȻŵ¾ϳƴ
ΪոջԺӮ˱ֶǺɵķ˸Ǽֵʱ򣬸̨϶λɣֺССõµ
ۼǸһԺ죬ԼˮҾҪˮֺһģԼԶǺӹȥ
ΪˮҾͷھϳǱϣֺڵĸ̨λõģõҲԶֺԶȥþǺĽ¡
ԶصĲƷͻȻԼ£ǺܿʣҲûʲô˼ˮˣʰԶ̨
ո˵Ҫˮô£̫æʵ
̫үȥֹǸˮˮ졣ֺе
̫ӲԣǿһԼߵᣬȥѰˡ
ʲôţԶͳͽʮĸҵˣĻ游˵дôϸˣôӡ˾ͽ鿴ԼֺԶֺȥŭ
ģԺҵĶɲˡ
ǣ㣬졭Ҳûӡֺæ͵
⻰ʲô˼˾ͽʵ
̫ӺоҲæ̫Ҳæʵ˼Ǻˮ¶
ǣұҲͶûʲôȤֻԶܱߣոǸӮԺҿĵǸˮﵹ˵ɫĩȥֺ
ոǸ꣬ӲڻԺ02£һת˾ơĸǸʱкãĿתؿžϳǸŹ⡱ĺ꣬ҲֻмֺŸԶĴ
ҲҺкԶĴƣȻûʲôܷ֡
Ͼ¶һĩˮŵģ̨ϳôԶľ룬۸
ע⵽ǸˣҲֻΪˮҿ˿
ãʱǸҲ̨ˡ
ѧֺ̫үСֺֺ˵˸¶ҲֻǱ˱ɫֺ̫ܿӺ˾ͽ񣬻òظϵļֺо˸ƽ
̫ӿֺӣ̾һ
ŷһˣȥֺˮù̫ӵ
ͷˣѧѾˮҴˡֺˮҵݸŷ
ոնŷȥֹֺˮʱֺͲ¹ǲԼˮ⣬ȻҪˮҴġ
Ҽǵøոտ̫ҽɡ̫ӵɻǵøո¶˵ģ
̫ߵС̫Сȥ̫ҽˡ
ԭоֲ̫֮߰ܣϾ̫ӺôҲǴĶ֣˵ͷиʵ۵ɸô»ǲ١
֮ĶԹˣϾδأֺûˮõ̫
ֻ̫ӱֺոʱķ۷ֺøУ޲õֺΪ֪ټɺֶδŮƵģ̫ӲԸ̨ϵһаĹ١
ϵóˡֺſڸ̨ΧϣָԺǶеһ
ȥɡ̫ӵ˵ûжôһ
ŷӦһʼֺСүǶôһȺˣҲָ֪ĵһҪһȥұȥ
˵ţŷҪ£üֺȥ
ҵҲȥ˱һŴ룬ֱӰҾˡ
ֺͶʱΪܼסǸˣԶϸϸ˿˵ôһԵ
ŷֺô˵ʱ˲٣ôһԵ½챻ˣҲܰҳ
ոǺСү⾯ʾҵģֺԺ󣬴ӻͳֺȥǸԶݸֺֻԶȻûǣͷȴˣҲѾ޷Զˣһµİɡ
⻰˵õɣԶͳϽʮʲô⣿˵˾ͽص˼ֺһۡ
˵˾ͽѾֺ֪ԶȥΪ˾ˣҲ֪ԶȻûôֵǮˡ
ֺ˵Ҫֺһµģ˾ͽŭˣ浱Ķô˲ɣ
ݱѧҲʹ󣬼Ҳϡֺ
˾ͽ˵ֺĶ֪ʲôʱĶԼԶ˾ͽ鵽Ҳͱ˵İټԶǺȥģԭҲ͹ֲֺ
͵ȻĲͬģҲ־һµģԼһ޾ˡֺ˵
㵱ͯⶼ޺ã˾ͽ˵ֺԴҲǹ㣬ˣȻ游ˣȥǶһ
㵹ǻ̰游ıˡ̫Ц˵
ү̫ҽˡС̫̫ҽ
̫ҽˣŵһȶŷ˴ˣɡ̫ӵ
һŷҲˣ˵Ƕŷ˴ģ˵˰Ѷŷġ
˱µʵ̫ˣŷһԺȺһۿˡ
λӣ̫ү㡣ŷǰڼ
̫ӵԼ
ոϿʼǰ̫ӱ϶Թ³̾װ˰ڣΪԼĲŻڱ̫үˣԼ̫ˡ
æ·ֻһ߲ηȨģ߸ߵͷ˶ŷǰͷ
̫ȥҪˣ
ҸոջЦ̫ǰֻװһװߵģû뵽⸱ģ̫үۡ
֪Ҿѧһѧˡ
ԺѧǿһĻɵ˽
ȴһŲܣֻͷ̫ڵĸ̨ȥ
ŷҲǸģûոո̨Ϸ飬ֻ⸱ȸȥ̫ӡ
ѧڼ̫үֻõ̫ӣʲôֲܸ;Ȼǵûˡ
ŷֺҲվڱϡ
ʲôǱΪԼ̫ӵȻԼͷ̫Ӹǰ˸ѹġ


34 
û뵽־Ȼ̫ӵϱ˰˵һ
⻰ʲô˼ʲôϱֺⲻվôСѧ˾ͽ鱾Ϳڲ˳ֱۣ
Ҫ¶ҲΪ˾ֺԼ͵Զ
ãϱŵ˼о˾ͽӣС˵
ҹʲô˼Ҿǿ˳ۡ˾ͽ
Ժɲѧˡ̫˾ͽԴʧЦ
Ȼ˶ˣǾͿʼɣ̫ҽͷһˮĶ̫ӽˮҵݸ̫ҽ˵
ڿˮԺ۾һѲֺ¶鶫·ˣ
ģΣˮˮж˿ӽֺˮֺηôԶľ뻹˿ͶˣοҲû֤ݰ
ˮǡһʲô֪ɻӡ
ҵˮңո˿˵ʱ򣬱Ͷ˶ֺһһ٣˵ⲽǰڵ۾˵
ȻȻ顣ڲûȰɣ
ﰲοԼǶҩǴ䷽䷽ÿһҩķֿûжԵģֻкϵһܲԡⶾҩҲֱӾͰ˸ģʮоʹȥġ
Ķҩǹ̫ҽӦҲǲ鲻İ
ˮȷʵ˶ȥЩǲҩʮϵҰɽΣڡôಹҩһ𲻻Ჹ̫ô̫ҽֱҩԽԽɻ
Ųɵ¶һЦ̫ҽҲ֪ҩʼְֺǼ嶼̫ãԲżǰͿʼˣ
Բԣ⵹֮ǰڹżϿһӡ̫ҽ૵ҩƳҩ
ҩҩ̫ڱһ
̫ү֪ÿﶼƽģǲ̫ʧƽ⣬ǲˡ̫ҽ̫ӽ
ǸӣͨһϵеĲҩ˴󲿷ֵľʱڵԵʮ־ˣǵȲҩҩȥˣ˵ǱҲˣҲԶˡ
Ȼķӣ̫˴𾪣һֱΪҩǺöβ˲ҲԲ
ﲻ˾ͶиҩҲòҩҩѰҪװʱ򣬱ҩ
̫үģҪӲҩΪҩҲǸһÿһֲҩĵı䣬ѰԸҩûġ̫ҽ̫ӶԲҩӰæһ
Σ轡̫ҽڰҩĸֳˣ̫ү˵ڷֲͷҩö٣Կ϶ڹżϼǸķӡ
ڣ㻹ʲô˵ģ̫ʱΪûĸ׻֣ںҲܹٵֶΣ̫Ӷ񲻹
ʲôû뵽ԼϴķӾȻ̫ҽ˳ֻװһԩ˵ӣѵֺ̫ү˵ģ
ֺȻҳ֮Щͣĳʲôˣֻ𣿡
ڻŵòвУֻǿһҡ
ҵҸʲôޣֵҳķңֺؿڵ
Ͷҩʱۼˡֺڱϵ˵
ԭΪֺ̫Ӹ״ȴû뵽ǰСͯ״
֤һС֣ͯôԶľ룬Сܿʲô
˭ҵСҴû㣬˵ѵ˻ᱻץô壬ǲҪô˵ģüֺһµСƭأҪǸ壬˭ƭ˵ģ͸Ǻ«ԡ
ǲ壿ָֺ˵
ڻָԵƭҪǼֺǸѰСӣǻпڵĻ˵ȥ
ϧˣֺǸС
ǺŪءоЦһ˾ͽ˵Ҳյģ
壬ҪץŶֺͯĻ˵ݵ¡
ۿֺˮµĶҩҪոյģһ𣿡ֺװһӣƭˣñץء
˵ʲôôԶôõڱֺŵëȻӲ
˾ͽ˻ԼԶ˵
ʲôѲôһСܿôԶĵط
ʱԶϡѰ˼֪ôССһȻڲǬǧ֮⡣
Ҳʲô˼ҳȻǲ֪ΪôƵĶȻܰԼƺõļƻˡ
ԶԶôǧ֮⣬ܿοô̵롣
Ҳš
׹ɣ˾ͽԼԶݳȥ˵ţԼ
ڲԶһۣԶķ羰ͨͲһܿϳһǽֵҶӻΪ紵ڲš
ҲֻҪһۣڱ֪ԼӲˡ
ڵһɣ˾ͽ鵱Զ͵
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ֺڱͽһȥԶصʱǿץס
úȥӦ죬˾ͽæӹԶ˵Ҫˤһǵ
ô˾ͽһԶ֪û֮תͷʼڡ
µҩΣͻȻʼ𣬡֤ôС֤˭ţ
ֺǲѾˮˣоΣץֺļʵǲǾþ棿
Ҫû´ӦûŰҩ۵СֽɣֺͻȻ˵
Ѿʼ仰ԺͻȻͣʲôֽҿ˵ʲô

ǿҩ۷ŵˮģȻҩۣܵиֽҩ۰ŰɣӸոϽֻһյʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ȼϳǵġ
һˣҲ϶ὫֽһӣջˣҲʳѰɡ
ֺ˵߹۲ڵɫ˵ջٵʱɫһ䣬ûôģŵȻ˷Ͱֽջ١
Ȼûʱü٣ǾֻܲˡֺһȦԺ˵
ŷ̫æ˵
ڱйСֽﴧţ˵ҪڵĵһӦҪܡ
̨϶̫ӵˣŷǼõģסһǺ׵ġ
ԭҲûԼܵļƻܱ˷֣ҲֻǰСֽҵ˻ŷһѾͿˡ
үȷʵһֽŷǸСֽ̫ӿ
̫ҽֽʣķĩǲǺˮͬһֳɷ֣̫˵
ۣⶼϵ˾ͽһѱסֺϷİͼƵġ
ֺ˾ͽ鱧˸ʹѣ˵˾ͽ飬ֻС㣬Ҫˡ
ѽ˼˼̫ˡ˾ͽæſֺû뵽ܻа
Ҿ˵ˣҲúáоƨþͲڿһˡ
̫үͬһֶֽЩĩڣ̫ҽ˵ʮֺñˣֻһСʱ䣬̫ҽն˵
ڣ㻹ʲôҪ˵ġ̫ӿڵ
ǣûʲô˵ġڴͷһӡ
ǾͰ͵˳츮ȥɡ̫ӻ˻ֵ֤ݴϣ˳츮ɡ
̫үɷҸ˵䡣ֺʵ
ʰɡ
ڣ㵽ʲôޣֺڼҾƶò׿˾ҲĻͥӦһٸеĽʿʱôŸ¶أ
Ȼ֪Щ߸ϣʲôе֪ʲôڱŭʲôУΪʲôҪһ
һѧԺĿԱǸƾµģԼòһҪ¶ֺʵ޷ڻ߼
ǣһ˵Ȼֻһп޵ҫˣͻȻֿЦɶ˵Ǿõ
㲻֪ǰòأ͵ҿ˵һѧԺĽѧȥڿ֮ǰͻȻˣҵõһקֺ˵ǵ㽱ѧȥͬǳԷʱֻ֪ܵ
ҡҲֺ֪Ҳû뵽֮Ȼһع֡
ⲻӦùԼ𣿡ֺͻȻѵѧòʵԲûһ
οȻ֪ҪǮ֪ԼͬǮΪβֺǮأѲֺ᲻㣿ֺ˵
ֺû뵽ڼֺһ˵һ㶣æ˵죬ȻǿϽǮġ
ѵԼľ棿ֺڵ۾˵ˣõѣαȵ档
ڱֺԼѾƭĻԣһ߲ϳϣšǵģġһȴ䣬β֪ʵĺӲŵʧȥá


35 
ҲˣҲôعȥˣ̫˵ôȥǻȥɡ
ͷøˣоæ˵ҵͺ游ĸҲˣȥǱǡ
ʲôʱ氡˾ͽСôãҪֿˣЩ˵
÷ģҾӣа㡣оæο
ֺҲæ˵㣬пձ
ֺĿ̫Ӻ˾ͽ뿪Ŷо˵磬ǸԶܲܽҼա
Ҫʲôо䲻⣬ǵֳģǰԶ˼ֺ˵ãСĵ㣬ҪŪˣˣʱҿɲ㱳
İɣֺùԶ
G㲻ҪǸ˵ԶɣоͻȻ뵽˼ֺո˵ҪԼš
ţ޿ֺҲо˾֧ԶҲиա
ҲһףоȰɱЩ漼ɣǶҪҲһʱ
磬Ҳһ漼ɡֺо͵кܶԶǴ̵ʱʿطֵˣȥ̽鱨ʱҲҪɡ
˵õҲеԶ̫ˣ·;΢һòսϰɡ
ڲܣȴԺҲֺܰն˵
úúãԸоҲ㣬о˵ɹɲˡ
Ȼġֺûģɶڶ飬ֱĲҪ̫㡣
򣡡ִƿųеĺСӿ治
үҪҪȥļҵģʷϿҲе⶯æ˼ִһ
ڳϵĶǾӣҪһ㣬˻ǾǽʿˣŮҲ䡣
Ůʷ϶Լ۰֮ǰһֱŰѼ޵֪֪׵ȥ˫ĳţôҲü۸ˡ
ɾԺʷϾ;׷Ӳף˭֪ڱôͱӵģͱĵӻֺ׼
ɼҲս쵽׵ˡ
ȴ⣬ʷʶģǻ϶佫ҵˡ
ʷԼ޵佫ǹˣеûܱȵġʷϸոռ޸ִʱ򣬼ִһֱͷ̣ʷһҪΪִƵ£һҪŵĴ
Ⱥִ˾٣ʷϵӲźùġ
ʷԼѾԹˣȻǲԸԼһ佫
ɳȴ佫֮⣬ʷʶ˼ʵǲ࣬ʷϲ뵽ʢеİ׽ŸһҲ
ִƺʷϺͼʷȻΪִƺԼǴͬһ⡣
ӢˣʷȻĶˡ
ʲôִһԸ
ܸʲôԼҹƤʷҲֱӵƣֻĸִ˵ȻΪĻ¡
ɲɣǺǶǻԺİɣùŮ޵ȥֱִӾͷˡ
֮ǰִҲδûѡŮ뷨浽ʷ˵Ҫȥʱ򣬸ոջڼִ˵Ųִ꣬ٴ
˵ǽϵģʷʹ⣬ü޵ôԶĵطȥ۸ǶûŮ
ԶһҲ޷ֻҪƿˣһȥԺҲȥءȴԱȰ⣬ҵǿ԰ȥһ¡
Ǿ鷳ֶϱˡʷæ˵
ҲˣǲǸȥ̫үٰѾǴϿܱߵ˶Ѿʼɢˣѯʵ
Ҳȥˣָ֮Զ߹ĸ˵ƣǸԼô
ǲȥ̫ʵ
̫Ӳּƽϵˣ֮οǸԼ̫ҲѾعȥ˰ɡ
ǴǶ˳ʲô֮оﱧŵϻӺͼֺõĶЦеشȤ
ŶøԶԶˣоֻϧǸΪֺˤˡ
ֺһͷˮֺǣ
㣬˵ˣֺǸոճǸ滪ԺӮǸꡭ
ое˵֣ոǵ£Ӳо˵һ۵ĸо
ŶǺеư츳ִԺЦſһֺ
ԺǿԵ̲ȥ֮ҲЦ˵
ֺոֺּҵģȴץסһһĵ㡣
ҾͲ֪ˡ֮ͷֻ֪ǻԺġ
֪Ͳ֪ɣʱٴоͷ˵
ʲôִһЩ̫ˡ
ҿֲǻ᲻ءЦŴȤһ䡣
ãֺظһ飬ƺѾüˣȴҲ޷⡣
ǵСʱҲһ̣ΣҲӦŵİ
ҩùãΪξ˾˺ҹùããԼԺ󣬼ֺҩҼǵûиùãùòӦжô
ū澵ҲǺ̼޽ʱ򣬸ֻһˣūֻ֪̺޵ƽݣڱ߹أѰҲܻҩһ߸ֺͷһ˵
زˡ
ūҲˣǧȥү̫̫ǶʣλǸĽءҩæһ
֪ˣҲǰһ䣬ү̫̫ǰʵġֺЦ˵ˣҩùãҿⷿûдˮ
ҪʲôҩҼǵ̵˽УҪȥǶ
ּھҲиۡټϣּҵֺֻһֱֺΪ˻ġ
ˣȻҪںԺϼ꣬ûУֺҲڹӼ飬һλԡ
ȻƿУھǴϼˣֺνҲǴ˴ļҵġ
үʲôҪūæܼҿֺԺͿʼ䵹˰죬ʵڿȥʵ
ಮûм֮ǰǸԶֺʵҼǵŴ˰
үʲôಮɻʵǰү˵յⷿȥô
ڿⷿ鷳ಮȥҳҪˡֺæ
͡ˣಮæȰүôҲǵ̫үµĶ
Ķ룬һһģôأ
˼ΪҵˤһԶܵ˼һ游µĶѰʱֺȻҲ᲻ˣⲻǾ֮ô
ֺһһʮظಮһ鵱ʱĳ
ϣĴүѵֻ˼һԶಮ̬֮ȣҪū˵ñһݺǡ
ಮֺĸּܼҵģ˵ಮĸ׵Ҳּҵ͡
ּ˶ټֺĸĸӢţֻּʣֺһ硣ಮֱֺӰƽֺƵƤಮ۰졣
¹ֺ˵һԶˣּҵİ븱ҵಮֵ
ҵǲ̫ಮ׼ɡ
ãūһðһ͵ٹȥಮĵر֤
Ҳôɣֺಮ͹ȥС
вУʱ͹ȥôǸܵǼҵĸм֮顣ಮæ˵
ҲаɡֺԭҲͨˣȻಮô˵ˣֺȻǲᷴԡ
̫̫ͷּ˶˵
ּңʷһʱ֮û뵽ļּٹ
ǸոڹӼȵǸּҰɡȫ顱ԧæѵ
Ŷлľ֮ģǼҵҲ֪񡣡ʷϵ˵һսⷿűǡ
ˣʱ񵥸ҪʲôϲģҲʷֲһ
ȥɣôվţʷ̧ͷԥԥûߣһ䡣
̫̫Ҫȿ񵥣˵ּͶųҲ߯Щ
жųʷЦ˵ˣǾͰøҿ
ʷϿ񵥣ҲΪʲôԥˣҲǼģҲû͵ôģЩǧĺ
˵ʵڻȢʱ͵ƸҲˡ
ּأʷʵⶫ̫ˣûȥɣۼҿɲôණ
ʷǣּЩлֺľ֮ΣҪٹŴɡ
ǰԺĹ˵ּҵĹܼһˣҲסæ˵
ôȥʰһݲּͻȥǿɲ˿ʵˡʷϵ
ԭֺŵҲû뵽ȻҲǸһʸȨСˡʷϿǰ񵥣ʱֺųŮС


36 
̫̫һϸʷ갲Ժ˵
㵹˵ʲôʱôˣʷϿһۣЦ˵
ҲԽˣҲй˲ģ̫̫һãƽðҿŵ¡Ц˵
ٹôټһź׾죬һǧ˶ֹϻԺá
ҲսˣٹҲ͵˸óˡԼִƵĵλۼ޵ļȥǶҪȥ̵ġ
ϱ͸ϵãҲһֱĽһ̼ܼңҲͷѹܼҵ½һָҲü֡
ʷﲻϵ˼Цǹɩ˵飬Լȥ˵ǣҿɲܡ
ҿ¹ܲɩɩ鷳Ͳˡƴǵ
ҲʷϻЦҪһ񣬡úôң²ңôҲҶСֶŮ
СֶŮûأɩɩǻСֶŮͷһײ˵Ըֻ
ɩɩʹ綼һһСֶŮģһǸСֶӣСֶӿɲÿޡЦŴȤһ䡣
ޣÿǧǰ˵⻰ŶŮ˫ȫأҪҶǸǵø㼱ϺЦ˵
ҲǣҪ˵ǺҲͦãôͷҪʷüͷ˵
ɵù̫̫ˡ˸ӡ
⵹ˣôʳˣʷɻ
̫̫ãǶиŮءϷеҲֻʱùõļƷòҲˡ
ɩɩ֪٩ңҿɲ˵ˡϿɫ졣
˵Ͳ˵ãиҪ鷳ã˵ҿⷿҪ˼ˮ˵ãҲ֪Ҫʲôðȥŵ
ãȥƺڸʲôվ˵
ŪأǺôԣﻹҪ˶ţʷϿԼұһ䲻ã֧ʲô飿
ʲô̫̫ϸʷϴ˶ñ˵̫̫ǰɩȥֺôɩ˴˻
˵Ϊֺǰ߹ϵɣѾʷ϶ֺ˼ֲϲ
ǺôϱҲˣʷȻҲ̵ɨ˵ԼѾֺųѡˡ
Ŷɩô˵
ּҵҲ»˼ңϻϮкһȻûʲôλˣȴǺֺҲǳϽ񲻹ʮ߾Ѿ˾ˣǽУǵҲƵһӢ۳ꡣ˵
ʮ߾˾ˣһͺܼӷˣϾͬʮ꣬ſһͯĹء
һ־Ӽ䶼Ѿ߰ˣҲһˡ
ͳƵֺǸϽĺꡣ
˵ּҺкʷҲֺܲʸǲԼֺˡ
ңּиùأʮӷ檡˵
أʷϵ۾˼֡
ļҵŮͻݵģԸ⿴Լҷһһ̧ҽţԸŮռԼŮԴ
ŵҲ
ּھҲլּ֮ǰӣҲǾҪھסϼˣҲˡ
ô˵ּҶʱҲٻعȥʷʵ
ǰֻǡ
ֻʲôʷֻҲ֪ϱ֮ǰֺĺôǾֺĲ֮ˡ
ǰͷҲ˵ˣּиʮӷ檹أֺѾǼˣּ֧ʢûʲô֧ݡ
ҡֺͷĸĸҲˣּҵ֧Ҳֺһˣ
⡭ֺɲ̫áʷֱӰֺŮﻮȥֺҲ˰ɡ
˵ֺ̫Ƕʷ˵ίˣֱɷǰͷף˭һĽǾȫ˭֪᲻Ҳ˵ӡ
ʷϿֻһŮŮȥðա
˵ˣһúأֺ໥ֵֵܶûС˵ģּȨƵλҲǼԴͼֵ໥֣һսƴɱġ
ִƵҲǺͼִ໥֣£˼Դı
ʷô˵Ҳ⣬ֻЦ˵ҾɩٿҲСһЩء
ҪǳͣҲö⡣ʷϵˣؾҳӵɱˡ
׼񵥣̫̫ءҲô񵥹ݸʷϵ
ôʷ˵ճǼ׾ֻҪʷģټϱһݺ㹻ˡ
ƫƫճǳʷҶģ˵˰ɣ˴󷿵ۣ˰ɣָƲ϶Ƶġ
⻹ŵңҪһ㲻ȫһ
ȻϾͳֵ֣̿ɽš
ɫǷǰŵ˾˼ҸðģɫǷǼɵġ
ҿɡʷ񵥿˿ָɫһݵһݰɡ
᲻̫һ㡣̽ʵôǾ˾˵ĵҪ˼ŵ˾˵ӡ
ԭţʷϺӵӣҪѡɫǸ񵥡
ǰؾϱոԼ˵ճϱһɩӵ˼Ҳǲˣѹһѹɡ
ϱʲôãûܸ̳ˡʷ̾˿ԺΪ˾λֵܻеء
ʲôֵģ±ɩ޺պ̱ǡʵ޷ʲôֵģֲǲ̡ܹ
ӻؾ׳谮ڻ˳Щ£ʷҲЩͷۣˣȥְɣһŮҲܲˡ
ʷҲһءʷǵճӣԭӦǰ϶ļ̳ˣƫƫ˵ǸʷϰսˣѰڼҴţ˷纮
ʷؾأֱʷһģ̳ģʷʹʷһһѺӧǹ
һ׾ͲôĳӣһФԼĴӣʷȻƫĴӡ
֮λʷҲһֱŲʷ⡣
֮ǰʷϻȰȴû뵽ʷԡһŮٹҵ¡˻
Ҳڣ֪簲ŵôҲȥˣʡñײˣҴȥǡ
ԴӼҵϳ£ʷϾͶԸᶼˡԭʷǴ̹ܼҵģض磬ƴҲԸģ֪жء
ϱͦŸأԼңʷҲöϱȥðա
ڲԶͿֺոհԶ𿪣Ϊֺǻ˵Ǹͷ˵ɢĵ鰸ϡ
ùôˣֺæȥɢ
˵ոմǶҪ˼ˮʲô˵һ룬ְֺæ˵СЩ
£ⲻǿżˣֺҾˮ˻
ֺδ˵ָ꣬ͱһ£ʱָϵѪͿʼðˡ
ôôСģҿϲأæżֺϸ˿ãҲҩǷûнҩ
֮ǰûܹˣҩҩȥǶá
ôСһӣòʲôӵĽҩֺ˵Ҫϣæֵܺˡ
ǶУҩȥҺȥҪ
ҩӦһæȥ
ֺŵС˿ڣҲúúôˡȲ볤ģԺɵСŵ㡣
ùáֺŤɶƵĳż
ҩƿôҩ˸ҩƿ߽ʵ
ùӹҩƿӣ浹һҩ󵽼ֺ˿ϡ
ԭ˿ѾѪˣҩһȥֺͱ۵֡˻һ
ҩ㿴ŵ㣬⼸ɱø˿ˮҩƿݸҩмǵøҩ
ү˵ѰˮʦҪŸȥѧˮءҩˡ
˿ڹҲͺˣүǶһϱǣãղǾ˾˼ҵСֶô˵Ҫȥǡ
ùÿˣſڿɵ˺þˡʷϵ˻ûţͿʷϱſڵˣʷˣæǰסʷϵ
úͺҲˣóԽˮˣ˵ڶˣĶˣλʷǸȫˣͼֺҲһһϵ
ƽҲûô飬ʷʷ̵˵ѲҪң
ʲôùáʷ˵ҲˣҪʲôùÿү̫̫ķϣൣһ
ʷҲû취ĴԲ˵˵ġ
ʷ̾ǳҵģ˵ճҿ϶һء
Ҫ˵ʷ˭ұȻҪøһ
˵ҲˣʷüͷңҲ֪ұȻ϶ûֶϱǵĵ
ô˵ϣֻү̫̫ͷơʷϵ٩
ѽĸϵùùӣʷæЦ˵Gôû
ɩҪСֶŮˣҲš˵
˵꣬־òԣʷ̶ӣⲻ˱ɩĿô
æСؿʷ̡
ˣ⼸æż£Ҳ֪ǸҵȥáʷЦ
ʵôҲϰˡǿУ͵õһغ۲Ҳûˡ
̫̫أʷϽŲŷʷ˲ڣʵ
̫̫˵ۣȥˡʷ˵ò¡أ̫̫Ҳֲ̿ˡ
˵ǳֲǳⳡﲻʷ˵ɩӶûȥˣٲҲ˵һ䡣
ǼֲֵһˣùҲֻҺúźǡʷ̶ϰˣȰһȰʷϡ
˵ģʷϵҽһֶϱź򡣡
ùűǣʷԸʷ϶һ˵
תͷʷֺ̿æʵСֶϲʲôҷоҪȻȡ򷢴ʱ䣿
ˣСɱ裬ʷֺ̿ǰĲ˵ȥһˮ
æֺæ˵ҺȰˮͿˣоҲġ
ʲôææģҲǶһƤӵ顣ʷ̰ڰֵҲģҾþһʱ䡣


37 
̫̫ʷЩϲҪǼңҲ쵽ˣܻؼ
ǺôԼҵϯʷǲϲҲֻһ̡
ԣʷҲֻʷлȥ̫̫ǡ
ǣʷϹ˼Ҳ飬ȴƫƫҪ顣
ڼֺ˵ʵЩ򵥣ֺֻŪһѾ⿪ˡ
ε̵ģʷżֺԴ
ҿɽ̲ôãȫǺԼֺʷϵͷ⣬ʷֺ̿ʷϱǫ飬ȴ˵òС
ҼǵõүСʱҲ⸱ģ̫̫ҪأԽӲϧˣڶʮ˻ʮ˰ɣǸͯء
ʲôţŶСʱˣδؼѡ̫̫ɱʱҴҲ尡
㡭ʷϵģǼͼֺһСӣһӣ̫̫Ⲩһ˶ȥˣʷȥ
Ҷȷʵֻͯǲ֪λֶ̫̫ЩʲôֺͻȻ
ӶǴСϰģ˵йˣܰѰǧ˳رͶ㲻ˡ
֣֮ͯǰ̫̫üŮʱ򣬴ء
Ǿ䡰Сʱˣδؼѡ֮ǰڼϱοʱ򣬳˵ġ
̫̫һʱЩ˺һ˵Ǽүûȥʲôӵ飬ſʲôӵĹ
ŶǾʲôûˡֺƽֱ𣬲㳰ȴ˳ĵ㡣
ǼʤƷУξˣҪʲô̫̫˸ѿڶ
ȹλôֺתͷùãүǼƷţҵǼƷ
Ц˵үǳƷĹǲ㳬ƷӣҲƷ
̫̫ò˵תͷȥԹԵؿʼȲ衣
ǸˣȥǼҸ¡ʷҲԸԼӵĺֳæ̫̫ȥԺ
ҷ·˵Ǽ϶ȥͷˣҵĳ̫̫ʵ
ǰȥ¹ԺãǻҲ̫ˡʷϱԹ
ⶼˣܵû˰ɡ̫̫ʵ⻹øҴĻ񣬵ʱѦ϶Ǽ࡭
̫̫û˵꣬ͱԱߵϰһѣʾ˵ˡ
̫̫֮ǰϼТǰոոճ˷ϵľǣ֪֮ǰ顣
ںһ¼ҵĹϵѦҵĻ£ϰһѣЩء
ɲȥҵϯ棬˭֪ʹʲôֶءʷЦ
ʷ⻰һڳĳ˻Եĳ̫̫⣬ﶼһ
Ҷʶ˼ң˭֪ӣҪǼּҷӦЩھ͸ðĻˡ
ҵĶɻδأһִһֶΣԼҿû붯ʥּԼöŮϱ
£ͽӵӵ̫̫Ƕ⣬ֱһҲͰˣ˻Ǳȥ˺á
׾ģҲţԼȥԣԼЩδүǿǧȥҡ
ոռ̫̫ôôƢ̫̫ϰҲôôڻˣ
㲻ھȻ֪ϰҲǸðԵģС̫̫˵˵ǰЩӵ顣
̫̫һҿɲǼħȥˣոնϽء
Ҫɻˣȥ·ϣʷʼ
Ϊڽ̼ԸҵҲ͵˼ǶղŸոռҵӡ
ǣӺǶʮʮǼҲزȥģҲû̫̫˵
ӵʱ򣬻ʵЩƤҶֳˣҾȻٹӡ
ǼǾϻû˺أ̽ǼأʷЦ˵
Ǽ޳ȥˣûһźû£ȥôԶĵط顣붼ٽˣûڼأʷϾԽˡ
̫̫Ȱǰ粻˵ԺżˣٹգҲ͵ˡ
ȷʵѾ׼ؼҹˡ
ˣĿҵˣǰյĹΡүӷ飬һڲ
ô游ͻȻҪˣ֮ǰдúõֱ֣ȦͿôоֹһ䣬ҪżֺǰȥͿֺɫôá
ģֻǻСֲŲôÿоֺֻΪԼдĴûֽĺÿ³æȰ
ǶֹʲôأϽүӵ
ţǾ֣⼸յЩүӰмŴֵݸоһ䣬ڵ»ߵģṹģԼϸĥĥ
оӦһæӹԼĹΣͷĲүӻȦ϶ٵЦ
ȴǲ̫ãдõǻŽأҿȴûһд˵ġүӰѲҲݸоһ㣬㻹øͰѧһѧ
оոЦݣûӣȥˣܵöȲоЩɥ
˵֣ŵмַˡүӿֻۡĸֻٷŴһЩιôӴֻۣһҰգԵЩСˡ
Ȼܿƾ٣үӺŮȴһģһ̣õҲһָ
ȻǺ۵дò֡үӵҪҸȥ
ұãǿܱϳдʲô˵ʵֽϣü߶дúá
ү⻰˵ʵһЩֺǺ
ܻõģ游˵ôоԭܵ˵仰ÿֺ֣˲䣬оȰĻ˵ˡ
֮ǰֺ־Ͳôÿô˵أҲһһٵģһһûʲô⣬ɽϵһ𣬺а취ǿŶġ
һأһһдˡ
ÿһʶŤŤģһոѧдֵ׶дġ
үӰѼֺļŹεݸֺ˵˵ɣ⵽ô£
յֺ֡˵
գʷһԺһֱҪˮĥøԶһģһ
ˮӲĥãĥŵĥԺȴòУʶղȡ
εʱ򣬿ɲֶдŤŤô
ˣҲ㣬⹦ȥһݣ´ϿεʱүӿŵҲֻѹ˸ֺ
ֺӼһΣΪûöΣͷɥ
ѹѽҸ˵֮ǰǹȻ֮ǰģ游һءоֺ²ߣæԼ֮ǰ¡
óɽҩ⣬ǸϽȥаóʳջ
־ˣֺоаӵ߳ȥø鷿ȥֺ߹
Ǻáֺżֺ˸Ҿ
־˺áֺæ
ֺôǼˣԶˣֺȷֺǵĶԻԺ󣬼ֺʵ
μλԵô游̵ġо˵岻Ҳô֪ͨ˶Ĺϵöдһټš
ˣǻȥԸɡоżֺ߿첽Ժȥ
纣ˣдʲô£ҿүӼֺһڲ
纣ԼдõĲ۽үӣ״ʵҸոտϵĸǳȥò²̫ߣôˣ
Ŷò̫ãˡү
ôоôͦĵġүӣֺô
𣿡үԼ˵аɣ˵˵Ҳ޷ǼҺԴ̫ɣҽĹΣǰʱɵģûӹ
ⲻǺôôǸĺӡֺɻ
ֲʥˣ˭ûʱ򣿡үЦе˵˵ˣСʱвԸʱء
յҾһ˿ʻүӵֺҲǣԼҲֻǸСأҪԼƵ̫
ү̫̫үˡڶſڵСѾ߿Сܽ
ҵĶǻˡŸոսأͱʷһѱ˻޵
̫̫ޣⲻѾôȰ
˺һʷסᡣ
иҴʲôö⳶⣬Ҫûöҿɲ
Ķʷյ˵Դ˵
ԼĶԼǸģֳŻôˡ
ִƻأʱִֵѰãûеֳӡ
ʷϲæ˵
ñ𼱣ǰѺͷ̧ͷдǩӣʱܽ͹
϶Ҷ˶Ƿҵȥͷ̫ǲǴġ
Ǵܲȥˣ˶ˣûԲû֮ǰƵֱӷЦŵ٩һ䡣
ͲΪԼˣֹ϶Ǳʲôණ˰ɣⲻ϶
ү˵ʲôء˼һ£˵
λߣִʵ
ѧ˵ϻԣҲȥԵĳ棬ҲиףҵȻԽԺٻѧȥ
ڼ£ʷϾϲãҲúòݳˡ
ʷĸ첲۵Ҿ֪Ժ϶Բߡ
̫̫ݹݣءæ͵ԺϣſžЩ
Ҿ϶Ĳ϶ˣѰ̫̫˵ˣǸóƹ̫̫Ļôֵ²۵
ϧǣرãƵò̫ã˵ҲѹͷֻҪжĶˡ
ô˵δСӣĶ֪ƫʷϵ۾ͲˣҲԵЩΡ
̫̫ĻҵǲңǹĻҵǿԵġЦŻյ֪ܵĻᡣ
ۣЦǱסء
˭סˣ߳ŭ
˶ɢˣŤŴӻͳһŵݸִƣɬзҽү


38 
֪дʲô𣿡ִưſһԺ󣬰ֽݸʷϣɫʼ
֪һŤһµ
ολ¬ҵĹִʵ벻£
δ¬ҹ¬Ʒ¬ҹҲȻġ
û˵꣬ոտŵʷϾͽֽ˲輸ϣҲͬôһ¡
ֲȢϱˣǼҺôҲǹŵڣȥһ˵Ů
ɽôҲϵ׶壬ҲǼϵСӣɽԸⱣý
Ȼ֮䱣ýɽȻǰŮдġ
¬ҺҲǷңλ¬ȴֻһˣ¬Ҳǹٻ˼ҡ
һ㣬ʷϾͲͬȢô
ƣ׵ʱʷϾﰵģüȢһҶõĹü
ҪüȢһ˵Ů֪ģΪٹûء
϶أִƵǶʷϵĻҲֻʼ
Ӿ¬Ҳɫ¬ѧ壬Ҳѧ˲¬Ϊ˴ĵ
ң¬ֻһˣɲǸ޲ŻԸȥʿҪ˵ҲǸͯˡ
һǹĵӡʷ˶ôԼæ˵
ĸڣȻǹӣҲӣɸװ֮󣬴ϮλÿԼԴԺﱻͬǽԺ󣬼ԭߣΪԼǹ֮Ӹһȵ뷨Ҳûˡ
ֲǲ㡣ʷֹ
ԸңǽʹأѲúֶӵҳ˵̫̫º⣬Ҳ
϶ľҺܸˣִļļҲΪ㽫ûоλԽҪһңܷ㡣
ү⻰ӲͬгϢикãûгϢикáԳֻһͯʥϳҵҲܰҴͯΪʿ
ˣִƶż۾ʵ
ܣֱ˵ˡ
Ժ˶Ұûеʱ򲻻µľԹԼңԹûȰĸĸ
ᡣն
ãǾ˰ɡִ˵ɽ˵ԣ¬ĴҲμӣ¬ǼҹҲǵʱҽӴӴɡ
үΪʲôҪͬһ¡ȼ֮ʷԹֵǼҵүǣȢһ˵ŮӶûôġ
үЦô
ⲻԼϲôִֵ̯Ȼ˵ˣǵģȻͬ
ʷϱȥԸִŸĪ˵һʧ֪Ǹء
ʲôģ⻰ʲô˼
㵱˼Ȼôɽǰ׵ģϺ걣ý˻ŲԵĻ£ִʵ
¬ҵļɽд⻹м٣ʷֽʵ
¬⼸ȷʵûʲôٵˣִƵҲ˵ˣ¬ǷĶ˼ң¬ϣ֪̫̫û
¬ϣǰңʷϾɷҲֹһ˼¬ȷʵǷ¬ϣҲһǵ֧
ո϶Ҳ˵ôִƵλ¬˱㲻ȥˡ
̫µʱ¬Ҳģ¬Ҳԣ˵Ϊ²¬ΪӵģҲǱ˾¬ҵ֧Ϊ³Ա
϶ǵλ¬òôִƶԳЩԱ˽ú͸Ҽǵǰ״Ԫ¬û´Ļ¾λ¬ĵճˡ
ⷶ¬ϲ˱գһ˾ǽʿڣ״Ԫ
˼ңǽףǶǼˡ
үʱô˵ʷүʱ˵ˣҲᷴŻ¡
Ҳƾײ²ˡִ˵õʱ򿴿λ¬ء
ûգ͵Ѧ׵ˡ
ٹҾͲ˺ƤˣҲҽˣȻҲٹҵĻ¡
ּûȥҵĻ£Ƕףҵݻкܶ඼нģʷϲȥҵĻ³滹һһشʷϵĶ
˼ĵʷˣܵٹʷϵ
ԭҲǲȥģŻȥǼҵЦҲܸùѧһѧȥġʷЦ˵
ҿ㰡ǲ˼ҵϯˣȻҵšʷԭӱ˵ҵֶϱȥˣЩ̫ˬ졣
ʷؾϱҲ⣬˼ýأԼȴҲײ˼ңʷϱҲȥˣʷϾһԼС޵ĺι˹ĸо
ʷأʷ̾ˣʷҲɢˡ
ϯ棬йҵĺãҿɷǵúúóһ١ʷ̿ٹһ䣬Ȼص˵趼֪ѦҾȻǸԸȢǶƵģûǶʱѦƸ񣬿ˣǺˡ
ʷϰͲú˼òһЩأʷô˵вȤģæʵŶ⻰ô˵
ѦȻҶڽ꣬ɾҲլӣԭΪǿ϶ҪӭӭǵլģûյѦҵһɻأû뵽ӭֱȥͷϣ˼ȻֱӾȥٰˡʷ˵üɫ裬ж಻Ż¡
Цǣ˵λԭڼҪﵱ檣޹ȥءʷ˵⻰ʱ򣬲Цǰû˵ϰˣŮ޳ȥΪ廻أŮ檣ⲻǿôԼǹţ
ɭͬˣʷϴȥʵ
ܰ˵үͬˣѦҶͬлʷ˵Ǿ仰ˡ
̫̫˵ʲôϺһ䡣
Ǿ䡰ɲȥҵϯ棬°ֱʹʲôֶΡʷ̵Ļ£׵ֳֻ׵ıֶ±մȾϡ
ҲҵĻ£ʷϵҲǳһټϼĻҲˣʷϸ·ŷˡ
ǰ¬ʹŴӺŮϾˡ
ǼұǺ֮ǰ¬״ԪԺְʱ¬ҾͳھһĸۡüģȵǶ¬֪ļ
ǲǸȥݷãʷԴ˵¬Ƿ¬ϣǼһ͵ҺңʷϾ˲١
ȥ̽̽¬ĿڷɡԥһԺ˵
ҲֻɽһԸıýˣ¬һء
ñ׵ˣʷϵЩ˼ңġ
̫̫İɣҺ׼׵˵ġ
һģ¬ֻһˣ˰ȥ
ʦֵǣԵʵ
㡭¬㿪üȥѡôôһľͷԴŮ˭СӳúأŮһ۾ˡ
Ÿûؼȥĸ¬ԼҲûҪľԴȦӡ
այˡ¼ٲϣԼĻȴҲеɬԵĻԼˡ
ǼʲôҲ˼¬濴͸ˣҪ˵ͬŻ°ɣٹ޶û棻Ҫ˵ͬɣòûҪͰ͡
ǧȻǼõġæ˵
Ȧӣ˵ȢȢɣ¬ֹЩĿޣֱ˵ʵ
ѧȻԸġæ˵
ˣȥøĸýװɡ¬˵
ɻô𣿡
ҪǡҪҹŮܿ㣿
¬û˵Ǿ仰ֻ˼
¬ҹǲʲô⣿¬ļɣԭһüȢһŵڸ߼ãѹҺҵʷ϶оԾ
Ҳ룬ִưοȥͳˡ
ʷֻһ棬ڷ磬̳ĹϴϱҲʲôǵƸɲܼˡ
ʷϻϴˣвһȻ򣬿϶ܳġ
ϵҲмƽϵˣҲЦ˵̫̫ء
ƵĻԣڸļ־ҲҪμӣƾٿöħˣһٸУѾǼ־ˡ
ΪҪԣ־Ѿʼʳؿ鿴ˣͲȴˡ
Ϊ־峤ǼּҵĳĸˣҲӦٰ졣
־Ӫ챸Χأֳһ㶯˾үƵûУ񲻾ͳ˼ּҵˣ
ٽֺͷ˶ٹҹģӲ˭֪үź˵ҪǸҴǾ͵źȥСǸǲҶ໰
ԣּҵ굹ǹİζûУ˳Ҫļ⣬ֵڶҷš
־ҲǷˣҪҲָܾʱ䣬ʲôֻΪһˣֵô궼áִҲһ䡣
ֳִŵʱҲŶӼ־ܿнʿִƵ׻ȥ
ٹȻûʲôѾЦֵĹأɵҲûٷű֮ģСϷϷҲȥĸһࡣ
ֻܰοԼ꣬Ϳˡ


39 
꣬³žǻԵͷһˡ
ԭ¹ѧԺҪԼҵѧǲⳡҪģȥһԣҲøһ»ԵķΧ˽һ¿Ե̣ΪԼ׼
ڸļ־ҲҲҪȥǸϳ˼־ҲֻиˣʱͿ֮ʢУ˵ϣֵͿ˷ġ
ټϼ¬Ѿף¬ҵĶүҲһأδðһ㣬Ҳ¬ǰúñ֡
ؾʹ˳ҪſһʱȥԺŵģŽġ
û뵽ԼСֶֺҲҪȥ
˵ֺڿҲǴҪߴĵĵ·ģҲǵÿƾٵ·ˣڽӴԵһЩ
ϾԲĲɵıƴͬҲ彡̶ȵıƴ
ʱΪ֮ǰҪ뺺ûѲʱ䣬Ծ첻͵ȥŶˣЩһЩľӣʱոչȥԺſڵˡ
Լֶֺ˽Ҳֶֻ֪࣬ʮִҲж֡ȴҲֶӵСӣȻô硣
ֺСĦԵĻǣֺαôСȥǸ
ټϣÿ궼һЩĴҵģſżд׿еģǴһٱޣؼ£ֳҲʵӰСӵԡ
ʱ볡죬ֶ࣬¼ֺССһˡ
Ҫ˵֮ǰҲÿǼֺĸܣֱһ䣺ҲȥġҲͰˡ
ԴӼԺͷѧԺǻÿǿǼֺĸˡ
ϾСֶӵһԼ£ҪǲͬԼЩ˼
ֺȥԵǼȥֻ߸һΪȥԻԵĳ棬ֺǰʱ˵Լ״ԪʱҲԵģ˵ԭҲԺ٣ͬȴҲǿġ
ֺҪȥһԣҪҲǼֺǰϰʵЩһԣҲЩͬ
ֺǸʱǻǾһ𿼵ģмҲοϢӣȴǳ˹ԺģֻǹԺ׼óʳԼ֡
ĻҲǾգȴǷеģҳʳҲԼ׼˴ȥ
յĳʳ
˵컹䣬ʳ´ȥҲỵˣҲնĶŻÿһĶɡ
⻹ֻǼֺƽʱү̸ʱ˵ģûĲֺͬûԼȥһ֪ˣҲ׼
ö壬ʹȥ¡ֺŤɶƵڼ
ֳ棬ӦʱѾӦˡ
ҪȥĻǱȻúҪˣ㵽ʱҿɲġȵ˵ֺСˣԼÿ糿Ըӱ
źССͣʱ϶ܰҹģڴӦҲ޷
Ҳû뵽С˶ñ硣
簡ֺһɫǲǸóˣ
簡һʱ֮ûӦżֺ˸кŷӦôô磿
뻳ɣֺǲһû˯Ȼôô硣
˵ҪȥһԵĳôʱ𣿡ֺԼҶһӣЦװһɻ
Ѿ׼׵ˣʱҲ˵üֺȥĻֻ˵ǳɣֻǡԺǰЩңɲ뿪ҵߡ
ȼֺӦŴżֺȥҼ־
ΪŴβڣ־ѾнʿԼıˡ
־һղ˯͵Ժȥأ־ſˡ
ԾÿܵܵĴô·ϸ־˵Ц䣬Ҳû⻺־ŵգʹżֺԼҵ
־ŵѾˣټһҹû˯־۾ɫҲ־Ϊ˶Ҳһ飬صػ˼
ڰ׻λεĹӳ£־˾Եʮֲ԰ף͸ոմһһ
һʶʼ־оΣ
ɰɡɰɡ־ŵһƬңֻ
ܽţֺ־ųһ
ŶôҲˣ־ʱע⵽ֺҵҲǽţûУ޷Ȫ֮µĸĸˡ
ǲҲͲһаֺΪҪأ
ѧʱͲǺܺãвǺôֺ⻰˵òǷ˼־ɵ漣ü־ˡ
־ǲˡ
¬ҵ¬ҲЩһ磬ϲðװεĻڵģֺһ۾Ⱥп¬ҵ
δݣܴźȥкɡ־˵ҾͲȥˣȥ˷㶪ˡ
־ôˣټϻм־С˺ͳţҲûʲôĵġ
ȥ־Ŷӣʹżֺȥ¬ҵǶк
¬أƿϵӣܿľӶһӵĴӵŵģȴֻнʹɩ͡
ǺԺıޣһϾҪڿҿҵȥԺϰģֲգȻΪ١
׵Դӽ˾Ժ󣬾ͿʼǺȾ죬첻żǶǳ£񶼲֪ĸҺȾأͲӵֶˡ
ĽɩӣģǸ˵£Ŀǵδġ
Ҳ֪˻ҲΪ˿δķ˵ҪͿɩҲΪ뿴ﳤʮֺÿ÷򵽵׳ʲôӣ˵Ҫһͬŵġ
Ҳ֪Ǽִܵʲôʱ¬ɩ˵ҵ뿴ܰԵ˵׳ʲô֪ûÿ
ҿǿ϶Ǽÿһ㣬¬Ĵ˵ɩɩǹƿ϶Ǹ糤úÿ
ܲܿһСңҪȥμӻأ¬ֹҲ֪ûаգܲܿС
ѵûգ¬Ŀܵܵ⻰ɱڸǰ˵ϸȡ
㣬ҵ׻ǲǡǲǼִôôˡ¬æ˵
ˣ¬æԼ·¬ɩɩɩױûл
¬ɩСӵϸ˿˵أͷİɡ
ܣ¬˸к׼׵ˣ
¬ƨⲻԶ׼ôһû׼׵״Ԫ֮
¬⻰һܱߵľӺǵļǶתͷ¬⵽˭Ҷֻܿнʿأ˵Ҫ״ԪˣôĿ
ֺҲɵö࿴¬ۣ˵ǰİֻǲ֪ûƥĲŻ
ǣ¬￴ǣŵСк۾Լʵ
ֶæܵý
ǽİɣȶ彫ȡˣӦøĿڽо˾ˡֺݹϵġ
ϣС㻹ͦġ¬һѼֺ
¬أֺҲһ۵ģͲݼˡ
СС;ͳôݰף۵ģҲ֪ȽʹˣƭС
Сƭһѣôţ¬һѼֺ٣ָлͦõġ
ϽȥŶӰɣСˡֺ¬һ˵
㻹ûȥŶӣ¬ɩæʵϽȥɡ
¬ɩƿҪģģ¬ǰļֺϣ˭ҵĺӣÿÿ
ǣɩȱ˭ҵĺӣôҪŶӣҪŶӣ¬һء
¬Ƿģ˼ҵĺҪȥˣоĳôôһ¾飬˳Ű
Ǽңǣ˵ˣҪʲôǶ¬ͬġ
磬ͲҪˡ
ͷǺܶŶ𣿡¬ɩָŹԺſŵϳĶ飬˶ʼŶˣ㲻ȥʣ
ȥɿȥɡ¬Ҳشߴٵ
ǼδĻ΢һ£ȥɡ
G¬ﱾ˵ҳžΪ˼һ㣬ôȥˡ
ҲСӻΪǸΪŲ϶ԺŶȥˣҴҵ¬Ժſȥ
¬ͷվԱߵļֺ
ιôɰС˶оվԱߣԼԭɫЩźÿ·ֻװγܸǰС˶ġ
Ǻɣ¬쵽ͷ䰡ϸˡ
ǰǰԼݣɣ¬ɩҲæ˵
¬ҵԣæǰżֺЩأСĵ㡣
ټվţ·ĶÿһֺۣҲͷ˵Ҳǵ˼
¬ɩ˼ֺһѣͷֶˣǲǴ¯ô
ҲֺոҪܾ¬ɩѾ¯
˵㻹һùã¬ʵúÿ𣿡
ֺֻ¬Ҫ޽ٹǰһżҵ˿ڣҲǻܵ飬ֺҲֵ飬Ҿҹùͦÿġ
Ҿ֪ǰǼ̫̫ʱ򣬾;̫̫ÿ¬һ㣬Ҿ;ҲܺÿĿ˶
ֺԭΪ¬Ҫѭѭգشأû뵽Լȿʼѻ³ˡ
ԺҲ쿪ˣҪȥɡֺۼԼδĶͲԼˣæ˵
ʲôÿģ¬۲ֺװ۵һأԺſڿ϶ģ۵š
ȥ¬Ҷ壿Ҫ˰ɡֺ
żֺ˵¬һѼֺС²˵ȻҪҲȥɡ


40 
¬¬ɩżֺ˳
¬¬ҹùãǲôǣҰɡ˳Ժ¬ɩ¬ù˷ǵһһֻǣżֺʵüֺЩ̫ڣ̲ס
Ƕôˣǣ㰲ȫһ㡣¬˵
ǰǰԼˣҲò˼¬ɩûһѼֺԴ˵
ֺ
ȼֺߵԺſڵʱǹԺŵʱ򣬲Ѿʼάˣźöӣ֣һһԺ󣬾ȥ
ддģǾǱһ٣ʮգȥġλҲѾǾ˹ˣףڻûȥмдľԼóǲ׷
ͲҪʼʱˡ
־ǰͷ۵Ļֿʼˣ˵ǼԼĶûΥĶˣվŶڶˡ
û취ֻ־ϸϸһ鿼ĶȷûˣŸ־˵簲Ľȥɡ
ļҲҶ˵Լ˵ľ仰ü־ӽˣ־ܷнʿǿɶѾˡãԼɵΡ
磬ȥ¬ֵܡ˵
Ѿڸ¬ףŽھͳɻ飬־Ҳ֪ġټϣ־ŵúܣǼӾĽţ־Ͳüء
ȥɣС˿ء־æ˵
ܣ׼ôˣ¬úܣ¬ｲҲٻ˵֮ǰأֱӾʵ
ʿ׼ΣʿҪȥĶ׼Ρ¬˼Ц
˵׼ΣҾûʲô⣬˵øԪǰʮûʲôġ¬˵ǽ˵ҪȥĶţҲûʲô׼ġ
¬ʾԼĿ
ԭû¬˼ֱͷһ¬ĿѰıīֽֿԱҪõĶ֮⣬¬ֻ˼űһЩɡ
ʱЩˣμӻԵ˶֪춼˯ڹԺʳҲԼ˭ڳʳܴȥұ£õĶȥ
¬ֻ˵ƽʱûԸ԰ɡ
Ϊ¼дԭй涨ֻܴ˭ҵıϲˢ㽴ϣⵥıҪֱӳԣܰԼҭɡ
ɣȻҲǴɵģ˭ҵɣгС״ģʱԿҲֱӳԣһɣǴ㿼Եʱĥ
ԭԵʱҲôģĬƬʵʦû㽻
ǰԵʱҲ¬ԭһ£ʵ˺СɣζҲǿżͬĿ⣬¬Ӳû˵ǻ
ʲôҼûܹҾ㡭
ҪȻڲŸտţûֵ㣬һ취ɡҾǶӦ׼˺üݵ
زأҾͦġ¬ڰֵ
ã¬Ҳǣżֺ߹¬һԼδò־δǰôֳԼͻݵһôҲùĹ׵ܵܡ
¬˵ԵòڣҪǾϸģܻԲߣǲˡͷ㡣
㣬¬￴ԼҶԴӣҧгݵôͱͳԵòˣǶң㿴˼ңٿң
ԺͷӵļǶڶž꺮ůأֻҶ㣬ء
¬ԽԽ
¬ɩСӶˣҲһԭһ˵Ҫ׼ţ˵ǼĴͳǵңҲֲ㣬ù硣
Ҿ֪Ҳʲôˡ
ʵҾ¬Ķʵͦõģֺ˿˴Ķɵ˵˴Ķŵͷ¯侫ϸһЩɵǻ÷Ѳʱ䣬Ҹո˵ͷú̿ҲǶģҪȻ͵öķú̿Ǿпܲˡ¬ЩʳǼֱǽɹ˿ء
¬ȼֲֺ֮Ŀһ䡣
ֺһҪ¬˶֪ԭ¬׼ʱûô࣬ͲΪ¬׼ˡ
ܱߵľˣŵʮǳԣҲ׼
С˵õǻмֵ¬ֳһѼֺǱȡпͬʱҪϲٰ¬ȻԼȻƾò˼׹˼ŽӣûѺͷĻ˵ڡ
ȻһΣЩòҲǶģһѾֵ¬ˡ
Ҿͽȥˡ¬ɩɩ㣬ǻȥɡҲˣָʲôʱأСűǡ
Ŀż־¬ȥſʼߡ
ղҽͻȥɡҿ¬ֻͷŵ˵ұǻҾġ
ԭ˵Ժª¬Ҳͷգһø纮ʲôģǵȱʲôġ
룬Ǽҿ϶ǻģ絽ʱô¬ȥ
Ǿ鷳ֶүˡ¬ɩæ˵
ҪҪǵȥۿѾߵԼǰԼ͵øǰͯƵļֺֿ¬̲סջϱ˲ٺóԵء
ͷˣǼǰͷءϾûɻأδǰЩڡͷҲ䣬ʹ̸Ͻȥɡ
ðɡ¬Լֺ氡
ֺ/ǲǺˣ
ּҵĴԵò˵ÿԼԺ¬ֿһ
ǰǰԺҺĺҪҲôÿͺˡ¬ɩҲ͵
ȵգϼִ壬ִƱҲȥմ֡
߰ɣҲȥʲôģִƵ
ΪǰƻԵʱ򣬼־Ϊڿ˷纮˾ͲˣҲ͵½ûȥ˹õĴֱӸżȥ
үЩأԺŻûء˹ԺſڣϵĴһ۵
壬³˰ͣͷȥɡֺڹԺſ˻Ǻܶ࣬æ˵
ͣͷЩźðֱþϳЪϢЩ
ѳȥ˰ֺ˵ͷ죬˭ҶԼҵѧ߼·϶ԺſڶµˮйͨģǼҵĳ¼ٺãҲѼȥ
˵е³óѳͷȥɡִ˵
ôñһ࣬ҵ˽Եġֹһ
ֺģȻҲ֪ԼͶ̥֮Ǻ飬ֱ׵ؽҲû˻ţֻħˡǼֺһֲĿֻţԺǵýһ㣬ֺ¾ġ
Ҳֻǲ²ˡֺװ档
Ǹ۲ǿءļֺԴ
үҪǾŹԺŰɡһĵط˵
Уɡִƿ˿ܱ˵⹱Ժͷ˶ǵſģ
ɲôʦ˵ԺͷֻССһ䣬˳ͷҪû˽ӣԼزȥջִƽ͵
׻̫Щǵ꣬ȥ̽ʱͷ¶޶ǳ£Ҳûô顣ִ
ˣˣԺˡǰͷ˺
ǿȥǰͷ˰ɣҺͺšһ˵ԺˣոջļִæС˺ͼȥǰͷ
¬ǵһӹԺģȻеΪû˯úԹȵƣĿ¬ֱǻ
ܣ㡭Σԭ¬οɳԵģǿ¬⸱ģԶָʡˡ
ɰɡⶼˣⳡ;壬ҾõǼ򵥣Ϳٵϲˡ֮ǰ¬￼ԵʱֻмĹͷţʱֻԼСˡͷԼôа˵Լ¬˲٣Լƫ˲١
ɡ
˶ϲǫ¬Ǽĵڶôŵģһ¬׵¬ẉ̂һʱ֮Щ
ȥǶѸĬƬԺָʹԼߵС˴·
ͦõģòŰ˯һʲôˡ¬һҪæ˵
ҴҲǶȹȥһƣһҾ磬Ǿһȥ˵
¬ĬƬ̣żĻȥ˼ֺǶ
ԭִƻôʵЩ̫ˣֲ̣浶ǹظɣҪʲô
ڿԺſмһ˹ȥмǱԺò̧ģִҲóȷʵЩա
ô򿴿ɡִƶ¬δСӹ۸Ҳ¬æ˵
¬үӯȥúϢˡԺ˵
ⲻóҩɡ¬ﲻȷһ䡣
õ϶Ĵ𰸣¬ųһ
ôûۿŹԺͷľǶ½½ҲһڹԺͷⲽͲ嵽ͷȥˡ
ÿÿ⿼˭ҵģϽ̧˻ȥ򡣡ò̧һѾյͨ˳
־ûأŅ̀˾Ǽ־ԶԶƼˣæȺȥ
һûףųһ
ôˣҲ̧
Ͳ֪ˣԵĹؾֻҪԺŹˣ͵õȽ˲ܴ򿪡
Ŷǿ˰ɡ
ɵΣճӣúΣ֮ˡ
űò̧ˣΧ۵۷׷ס
үүˡ
͵һ̧ͷͿһ˲ԼҾĵ߳
ҲûСˣæԼǰȥû߽أŵһŵζǳζּζԺͲ³ˡ
λ̨ҼҴôˣļ־æʵ
Ӧǲ£ֻã˳ţֳЩܲζ
ǾͺãǾͺáֻҪû£һ㵹Ҳ޷ųζӹ־Ǽר˴Ҫ̨һȥôѸ
ǼҲˣҾͲȥˡǸƴǵ
ִƿ־ˣżֺүλ̨İѾġ
ֺ
үֺһҾ⵹ˣû뵽ǼҵˡҼҲѰˣҾˡ
ֺҲǿһʱҲûʲô˼ִƺѣּҲˣֺҴҸһˡ


41 
򿴵־һ¼־;ƿˣһȲˣǲܰˣæ־Ӹ
־Ժһûãûʲô󰭣Լķ뱣סˡ
үҲû´£ֻĵ̫࣬ϷүһҩͿˡ
˵û£ոռ־Ǳֺǿ߳ģСϣҲһɫ԰׵
оΣִƿż־Ͳһϲ͵ʹȥӣЩŴĻʼ־
ֶ£ֻڹԺûʲôЩͷΡ־ͷʵĿԺЩˡ
ӴȥĶóԣִʵڲ⣬Сӵǽͷ컹ΪóԾͲԡ
ʮվҪҪֻɣҲ׷ŻˡҲֻǼ־Щ¸ζŵûԣֿĸ
Ҿ˵ҵıá¬ԼĶб϶һ죬˵
ǡ־۵ò˵û뵽ĬôһСҾͲ´εĳʳˣ˿һͷʣҷ˳ţζʵ̫ˣʵǳԲ¡
˵ǳţ֪ŵĿ֮ļֺ¬ﶼ־ͶͬĿ⣬Ҳ̫˰ɣѹֳԲˡ
ţִЩ⡣
游ڲԱߵĺᡣֺ˵գԵĺζʮš
游ҽٱɣֲֺһ
ִһҪԼڹͰԱ߳סգǻ涼󣬼ִͻȻЩ־ˡ
⵹ȷʵЩšˣο㻹´أ㻹ءִż־֮ǰûţûϣĵطˣĵذοһ
Ҫִ˵ϼּҾͲǳǵϣ־ǰ꿼о˾Ѿܲˣοֿࡣ
ҵǸоƻáԼĻԿԣ־ǶֺСֵܣҪҰƿɸ࣬¶
־û˵ǣ˾λѡ߿ƾٵ·ӣܷнʿѡĶԴ
֮ǰԵʱ򣬶̫ڼƽϵʧԼϣÿ±дһֶıԼĶдòþ͵ԼûϣԲ׵
οԵʱ򣬳ʵ̫ˣĵŶŲӶֻиϽд꽻˾ӣͺȥͷŷôһͷˡ
־ʵѧʶү֤ûʲô⣬У뻹Ǽ־Լִ̫̬С
ִֺٴϤ֣ظһ顣
ǰҲ֪ļҵģҿˣŪϯúлһл־ɻ˵ʶүӵѧ
־ţԼҵ϶ûĻ˵ġ
ֺҪʶǹǴżʶġ־ԼҲүֵѧֻûаʦˣֺֺʶʱ򣬼־ֺҲ˼׽
游ǶֺҲ𵱳ϱʱֻ
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үѰҩҲǳġæ˵
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¬ǵһܵԽȻרȥģֱжˡ
Ҿҽ䲻㡣ǰ¬ﻹż˵
˵¬￼Իδͻģ¬ӵܵܣδò仰ŭɣ¬üۡδò¬ǿŭϨȥ
أ¬ûֺЩʧôûѺ

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ԺüִƾԼõŰ־ò̫ԣоء
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ʲôүˣִƾҪʣŷòԼ
ٶ˿ִƾԼ̫̫ò˲٣ͷһơ
ʲôʷϲվտڰģ˭أүȥԣôͲˣȥ
̫̫ģѾ˵Ժŵʱ򣬴үǱò̧ģүһӣ˵ȥ̫ҽүơ
ӣ˵̫ҽ̫ҽô͵˴үˣʷһԧ죬ȥӣүȥ̫ҽ
ʷһʹԧȥ̫ҽһֿǲĵӣת˼Ȧ꣬ȥÿү
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˵ЩʲôҵĴз汣أǵ˷纮ҩˣ㻹ǵϱأôԼķġʷ
ү̫̫أôǴţʷܱߵСѾߣ˰ûǴ̻أϽǴ̻ȥ
иСѾæǰ˵̫̫үոȥ̫ҽˣ̫̫ȥȥˡ
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˭ִƷԼ֪ΪʲôǸ˵֡
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ٸôҩӣ۶صҩǸﶼԵ𡣡λү̫ҽָҫء
ӹҽ϶ӹҽִ
ү˵ʲôʷ˯أл㱼ִˣʵ
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˵Լ̫̫Ҳһ㶼Լ̫̫ôܿڡѾͷտڡСӡأ
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˵ôοԼִȴЩļ£ôҲ޷˯ֱֻ㶵ؿŴϵĻơ
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ѲԼʹˣӱСˣ
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үͿˣֺʷҲŵЦ⣬ףȻҪ˯һӦû˯ء
ŶãǵȸˣȥִƾûۿԼұӣŷġ
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ˣ游þˡϺͼżֺ밲ʷЦŴȤ
ˡֺæ˵
ٲ٣游СԹԣãִһֺ˵ҪҪ游ȥ棿
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ͽ֮Ժ㣬ԭȥһˣүӿСķϣûнҹءֺ˵ǰĻɶһͬˮ۵ģˣֺʱʱϰϰԼǰѧĶء
үҿָźнʿҳأ⿪ЦҿͬǶţȥ˵ġ
ԭԼҸҪȥԼϱô
Լ˵Ƥžʹ˽ҹ¡
˶ôҲû뵽ԼǾ仰֪˼ִƵǸ񾭣ִͻȻͳԼֱߵĲյż˹ȥ
Ϊ컹䣬ѾǸոնĲ裬ôһлĹѾˣִҹȥʱŭͷյżȥġ
ҲǼԼ׵߶յѾϰˣʶһ㣬ǿ˹ȥ
ԼҶԼ޹մӵĹ⣬ŵ˸ȱָ϶ˣǺóϢˡִ뵽εġ⡱̫ҽٸӿһΪŶܺǻŶӹҫ棬һ
 Լûʲô㿴ӶйʲôҪˣִƷ˵ԼС鷿̫ʱ򣬾һ˵𣿡
ִôһ˴ҳ
үʲôϴϱ̥ءִƵĲյɳȥһ̣ʷϵĶˣǵļ⣬¸һš
Ѿ߸ˣҪ汻ˣǻˡ


42 
үôˣ밲ԺһɻֹҲûү
ǲͷʲô˵飿϶Լҷ鶼ѾˣҲô⣬үԼ
ȥͷСЩϸֺ½˵
ԴӼֺʼѧˮԺҲûε顣
ǸζӰ̫϶ܹؼǵϸڡ
ϼǵǸʱھ˵ʱ򣬺·ҲСûǸΣϻؾͿʼֵҵǣڶѾѧˮˣЩĻˣҲӦ
ô˵ֺͷЩɻҲǳȥôʲôġ
ǰһˡЦЦ˵ҩҲ࿴Щ۸ȥĶ˸š
̷İɣҩŶϸģôˣѵø߸ôЩˣҲȥܳʲô飬ԼʵǶˣԼϱǳ⻹ǰοһ
żңƳʲôһ
ϿͦŸأԼ׵ǰŵϣֻӣڨڨ˵ء
̫̫İɣҩЦӦһ䣬ԴֺԺϻϹ͵һ飬ҲˣߵĶϸģҲҶһ˵Ҫø
Ǿͺãϵ⼸ֹ˼ĵطʲô飬ʹȥ̫̫
ʷϺͼԼֺģĶʲôȻǡ
Ҿȥ游ǶˡѾԸҲˣЦ˵
ſڣҲѾ׺ˣ͵żֺˡ
ҩùãһɡ
ҩæӦһżֺżֺ
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ãһȥģҩҲϰԼҸȻףȴš
Ҳõģ̿ǿҪˣԲЩҩǵõҪʱҲŵġ
ÿڣͼֺԺһ˼
أɩɩôˣϵæſڽϣߵ˵ɩɩ´򷢸СѾ˵һҲͰˣôԼܹˣ
⼸ææܼҿʲô²׵ģвþұǡЦʵԴϵ߸Ժ󣬼ܼҲˣΪ̥Ծͬ˱ѼĶҲһ˼
ҿɩɩְֽ̳ģЩ˿ҡƤ˵ҲΪ˿ϵġ
ǸٹǶǼļӣҼҶϣЩܼżƤҪڼǰġ
ֻǼǼܳĵճҲ̫֡ټϼгģҲ¸˳ˡ
ҽҲһϻ˵
϶ˣҲױȻи飬æӣʲô飿
ҲǴ£԰ǺɻʵúܣͷҲ֪жûһҪ˵ȥû˿ǾΣˣҾҪɼˮӣҹš
⵹Ҳʲô£Ҳʲô£ǶӼӵӰˣмǮҸˮӳ
ϰҲ׵ˣְ˼֡ѾѧˮˣҲҩǴ粽ظźְ˻ˮҹѲߺɻأ˵ȥҲȥر϶ǲٷˡ
ɩɩ⵹ǰһæˡ֮ǰĻЦŸ˵ǰҸǰԹ˵ǼҲǼӣȴܽźֻڼЩϴĻɩɩøǰһ
ǼҵļЩȷʵ̫ЩּҵļһһģټϻÿܻٲһЩٹȴֻôвٵļҲûź򣬿ɼȴÿǡ
ٹǮһͣʻŽĺʱôһСǮȻû˷ɳȴҲһʲСˡ
˵䲻ĻּҲһֱʳ˼ңǽϵǮôô
ΪٹڸٲҲÿǿٹĽ
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ǰɩɩʲô⣿Ҳͷء
ЩǲȥʷϺǰޣȴҵǰԼҿԲˡ
ȷʵи⣬Ǹ˵˵Ҳ޷ԭżǴŵȼ޳ȥˣٲҲôЩ飬ȰԼ̸
æһˮɩɩء
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ܼţҲǿ˱ģ㻹֪ģһ˱ϵݣ˵󲿷ֶׯӺ͸ｻǮЩүʹǵٺ»
ʵ¼ִǹٺ»ҪǸٹĿȴǸûȵġٹĿԴٹͿʼðׯӺ͸ӵ档
ΪβŸǮðЩׯӺأ˵иѧðһЩѧѧгõ棬ѵֱӸǮҪã
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ϰ˰֣ЦſЦҲȲ˲裬ûԼŰɣҪõĶأлʦպҰɡ
ϣϣʼϵĻ

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أأ¬ﱻС˵ȾҲæԼ
СͷСǴϿӰֻǴүͻˣû¬ү֡
¬壬һʱûҲáֺ뻹Ǿοһ¬û뵽Լû˵ֱ꣬¬һ
İǴϿģСүǰͷ϶¬ﵹҲʧֱ׳
ðɣٰοҾǹֺױսԼ͡
үү¬СҲӰҵ¬֣ү˵һԪ
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ֺҺҸոû
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У̫ˣ϶ǹϲġֻͬһ¬񶨵
ʵ¬ﳤõҲֻڣָֺгøѩƵվһ𣬾ԽԵôÿˡ


43 
٣⻹òôģ¬ͲȥС˴ˡ
ֺ¬ʱֳʲôʱûٳأȱʷˣæȰ¬壬òȡˡ
ֺûȰ꣬תͷ㿴¬ԼؿڣԼ˳˳˳˻Ƕֹأ״ԪոֺƵĴһɫ׽ҵġ
ֺһҾǹȻӦȥȰȰ㡣
үڣҪС˵ɫҲÿƫƫ¬ҵСˣǶϽͣԼء
ֺǸûڰԼո¥ϴŶã¬ŵһڼֺЩϧϧ׵ûȻǲŵģܳΪѡ
ˣˡֺأͻȻһѱ𣬼ֺһҪˣһŷǼ־
ˡˡ־˵˵ţͻȻһڼֺˡ
²Ƕһ棬ϲ̵̫ϣ˰ɡ
ż־񲣬ֽӣֺ¼־һҪˤȥֺֻһø첲§־ĲӣԷͻȻ֣һֳ־ŵĿɿڴؿǵ¬˵¬壬㻹ȥҶ
ҼҲ޲߰
죬ȰѾүסҲûµˣֻСȥס־
ҲҺã־ҲţûûģСס־ĺ׳ŵӣæѼֺӼ־˻
ˣĳ棬ŵۿѾˣ¼ֺˣСʵ
ģûʲô顣ֺæ˵
ǾͺãǾͺã˰ɡ˵ֺûˣ˿ֺԴСţվĺȥ
־˵һĴүСƽڼ־ǰЦңһʱ׳ŵӱס־ȴҲż־ֻ鱧š
鱧ж־ַģ˼֡
ͼֶֺ˵ôһ򣬼־ѾѿСˣǶţˣˡ
ôҲǼּҵ峤ҲǼּҵˣ״Ԫ¥ʱܲü־ٷȥ
̽ǰȥСʵ磬㻹֪˭ô
־ʶȫޣ˵ǼվǰˣǼִӷվ־ǰ־Ҳһϳ
־Цź棬ãˣڶԵ׺ˡ
үڣֺظһƺҲһ⡣
󲮣ȻѾˣǸȥãϢ㻹ʲôֺż־˵
ǰҵȥá־˵˹ȥ
ιȥļ־ǼˣԸСǰѼ־̧һԸȥţһ˻ٹ˼ִƵӣȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ
ȰѼ־͵ųһ
壬ùأֺڼʵ
ˣû״Ԫ¥Ŷ˶š
ոС˵ү̵ϣ¥·裬ĳ棬ȥֻüֺ¥ϵϢ
ɺʵ̫æңæŰѼ־סͻǰ״Ԫ¥ˡ
죬ǸϽȥ״Ԫ¥ùȥҪȥӼͷ̺ͼ䶼һȥ򾭣ڻûأ˶ûС
޷ֻȽû
ү˵һִүѾͻظˡҺãʱٹţŷ
⻹ǵöֺҲֺ֪ûĸлһлǡ
ȻȥЪϢɡֺ
˶ûͷӬƵģԼ˲üֺټϼֺոҲܱ־ˣȥһϢźá
ֺ֪ԼҲﲻæֶȻȥˡ
ֱ䣬Żٹ
˵ˣԭڷһԺ󣬾ļֺʹﵽȥ̽̽
ֺһãŷ֣˶ء
ôˣôû˯ʷϳżֺ֣ĸ
ᱻŵ˯˰ɣִƲȷʵ
游û£ǵž󲮣ʡֺɲٺһذˣæ˵
ִҲż־أϾ־ٴҲֳµΨһѪˡ
㾴ɺˣִʼ
̫ҽϢ˵һʱ̵ϣ˼룬ѹˡ˵ֻϧ̫ҽ˵绹룬Ǹϰ˹ˣҲ֪Σ
־ԭԵĳɼͲǺܸߣѾڶĩβˡ
ΪһˣҲ׾˵־Щϧ
ڣʲôÿϧġִЦЦ˵ǼоλʥģʲôãǵԼŰȥƾ٣ҲͰˣȻִˣϢ
ִ⻰һͼֺ˵ˡ
˵ĿɾͲǼ־ˣء
ʷеˣĸһСӣһӣſƾءĸˣôһţܲס
Ҫǻ㸸һʥϣɣк㽫оλأοȥǸࡣʷȰ
ĸֺҺͶ岻ѧˣﻹܵǵӹ
ҲæӦ˵أܵô㹦״ԪҲǸƷٶ˼ʲô
Ը⿼ҲǣǽҲ־㣬ΪôС²ִ̵ϣҾͰǵȴˣѡִԭҲ翵ĶˣǸִƾ;Щ¡
ˣҲˣǶȥϢɡִ˵ǷԺ󣬻һ¼ͼֺɫ˵
ϼˣʵ۳żִ֣ʾִ˵ǸҪλֻҪֶӷˣ
ִƣ
ԭ״Ԫ¥ֵúܣټϼּھҲͷš²ţ´ǧĶɣ־״Ԫ¥̵Ϸ飬ھǴ˸顣
ִЩϵõͬǣҲʹżִƳЦһˡ
⼸ռִƶϳɻѣʣϼ̵ְϵֶӺûУ
ȳ꣬ĩ˻˵һ䣬˵˵Ǽּ佫Ѫôװˣ
ǻʵ٣ִţԶѾˣû˰ɣû뵽ʵһһ
ִƾͲƷˣϧԵǻʵִֻۣεԣֲû־Ҫ̵ϣѵ
˵ʵ۰ִƣ˵ԣҵ㡣
ңҪǰǻʵִۣƾ͸ȥͷ¶ˣһϴ֣˵Щʲô
ǱӣϾȻһĴĿǳ˰Ҳò˭״ԪͰѾӳʸޣˣҲò࣬һʱ֮䲻֪ѡ˭á
ʵۼִЩֻ̫˸˵ϼֺ֣¬ѡһŮѡ˭
£ҲǡʵԼ˵ҲǺͿˣ϶ѡֺ
ִƾ͸ͿˣҲѡŮҪѡΪѡֺ
ҶСӲѾ¬ҶôܲŮټ޵¬ȥǾֻѡֺˡʵֱ׳
ɳΪʲôҪѡһִıʵ۸Ϳˡ
˳Żʵ۵˼·ϸ룬׹ʥҪֺ¬ѡһ״Ԫ
ǰⲻѡ˭״Ԫôʵһ̯˵
ΪһóӣӺֵܣȻҪʵ۷ǵģִ̽˵Ȼö࣬ҪȻģ
ΪݣԷذɣ൱Ҳࡣʵ۹Ϊѵ
ţ̽òߵεģòǸ̽һΪ״Ԫִ̽ʵ
ϼ㻹ƫԼݰǾ㣬¬Ϊ״Ԫֺ̽ʵ۵ֺΪòþ״Ԫʧֺۣ֮˵Ҳ̫ƽˡ
磬޸ֺһźû°ɡ˵˵ţʵ۾ʹӻͳһʥּӸִƵ
ִãȻؽӹʥּչŷ֣ʥּžд˵ġ
Щص㣬صʥּϴͻŮֽдŵٹĵŮ
һ£ʥϣⲻ̫԰ɡִƾԼǱʵ׽ȥˡ
ʲôԵģ޳һ⣬޵㣬Ů͸飬ûɣֺʧȥ״Ԫ֮λί޵ֲһźû£Ҳûɣ
ǣʥϣ⡭ִͻּ⻹ûּ·ȥȡһ¡
ˣƣֺҲеӣ֤ŮġʵͻȻɫ˵
ִҲʮ˽⵱ȻѾ˵ˣŻû˻ء
˵ֺҲȷʵǼִƼˣȥֻʣһ⣬ʵҲûȱˣҲԿ
ʥϣô˵˵ôͻȻʹôһŻˣִƿһʵ
ʥΪһæʱעǵĻ£ο⻹ǳӶŮĻ¡
ִĸ󳼣ʵҲ֪ļҽףԴͻġ
ϸҸոոӣʵʾִƺúÿոӳȥӡ
ִԼ˻ʵӸǸӡ
дģֺ¬˵ĵԲۡ
ԵĿ彭ϵ˵˶дò
¬йоأͰ̬͢һ¡ֺͼ࣬ԴǼҵ£Ҫʵд֮ǰʮȥ
ʥǿֺƪϴ˼·
ִĻˮƽǺܸߣܵȴǵģҲ֪ʥ϶
ǣֺƪۿżϸ˼ǿеģֻǡ
ֻҪ˵档ִʵ۲һ
ǡԣƣ޲ҪֺʵļִƵļֺҪɳΪ֮ǰˣû˸Ҷ
Ҳ֪ȻĻ£Ҳίҹʵ۸ִɷһ棬ɻʱ޸һľλ
ȷǻʼѪ޴繦εִæƴǵװ׵һ÷أʥպױ
ʵǶżЩεģǼľλôһ΢Ҳˡ
ҲŮвСľλˣҲֻһ뷷ˣʵʱƷĹ˶Ȳϣûʵ۵ϸˮ
ڻʵۿǾǼִƲΪһʵˣּ˼֡
ãʱĿ϶øֶŮ档ʵ۴Ц˵޺ٻȥ
ִƺ˾ƣЩججģ·䣬Լֱһ͸ˡ
ˣүѪˣŴɫȼ׵СѾһӸϵӿȳѪһ澪ʧغ˽
үôˣһСϱæСŽʵ
ãǲˡȿȡСϱ˵˵˰仰̲ס
ү˵ʲô뻰Сϱۿǿѹ˵ǵĸҪˣѵү뿴
ãţҸ˵꣬ȡһ˵ǻĺӳʱ򣬿ȡ׵ܵøȡ֣ȿȡ˵мòãţкŮⶼʺϡ


44 
үҪ֣ȺӳˣٸݺӵԱȡֺòãǸйõСϱֿҡͷ
ãԺ͸ļްɣǸȴĳԼ֣ͷȥ㻹ᣬûҪţʱ̫̫̫̫ٳһݼױҸ˼ҡ
ѾڽˣֹǸãСѾҲ޵ص
ү˵һס죬Ǵүˣҿ϶Ҳˡ
СϱȻҲǴ־ˡ
ã˵ȿȡһļֿȳһѪǸƵģֲ˲ֻԼ˵㻹ҿǸء
ǣôǸһԺͰǣǳһݼױ˰ɡ
ִԽԽԣʲôѲǺСӣԺ˺üС檣Ҳʲô£ôҲѰҵİɣôЩ檻ūģ
үūǲߣūҪźʹء㵽ǼѾҲ׷׹¿ʼ޵
ˣȿȡţȥү̫̫Ƕ
͸ĸסһԺһеү̫̫ˣĵҲ˽
ү̫̫ǲˡȿȣšǿ˵ЩҲûʲôֵǮֻз̫̫ү̫̫͵ĶЩͶɡ
ȿȡЩЩռ飬öĺӰɣ׵ġȡҲûʲôöˡ
xx˵ʲôɵǼҵأôأ̫̫Ժ괲ֿһҸոջȥأ϶ᱣġ
˵ĻΪΪδɵأϢĶӣѲɻҪΪʧɣ
λүĻüִƱܵüͷӶҪûˣ㻹Լûɵ룬Լ᲻ʧ
ִȥֱᡰ⡱һ٣ƫƫֻһˣᶼ᲻ˡ
ɼִĵ־Щ̫Ծ
ԼĶԼ˽⣬С˶ʲô룿
ִɼһɶɣڼš
жܣ
ĵܵС֪ܶʲôߵѾһѣǰȥ
ܣԺǵϥΨһжˣԺúúöŻǿ̧֣׵ܵܵԴҪúõТշֵܡ
Ҳ̲סˣ޵ģԺһǼּҵġ
ǰģǴһĺ϶ܸǼҴٹġλ̫̫Ҳæο
ȿȡõǹңָõġ겻ͬ
λ̫̫д˲ͬɵǹ˼ŲĶӣֻ˵ġ
ִƿšϱԾ簮ӣŮüͷԽˡⶼʲôʲôһǺˣӼݻǴһأⲻӢˣ
жϺļ壬ҪżĹͷء
ִáϴϱĹѾЩˣĿ϶ǲѵϱģִƾһøúõ̸һ̸
У̫̫ûȿȡᣬҲΪţТˣ̫̫ٸһź¡꽻
˼С̫̫ϴ˲ͬɫֻ˵ϵһܼĿԣ̫̫˻ֻ˵ֻҪܺʲô㡣
ɱ˵ʲôĻˣҪöӺǸϽ̫ҽִƼòС

˻ͷôôִۣ̫Ѩ
үѹˣϿһءʷԹʥϸǰҲûкôƵģѾء
Һȶˣִ૵
ɲôʷ˼ִһڵүɳİɣС̫໹˵ʥǰҪ̫ҽǰʥһΪʲôģ̫ҽԺԺжȥˡ
ִƾǵʵĿеұۣұۺҪ̫ҽɲǰѻʵ۶Żô
ҹ̫ҽԺԺжȥˡ
˼ϴˣΪٹˣżæŵظִȥΣһŶ𣬽òˡ
̫ҽԺԺжȥˣԺп˵ʲôִû뵽ԼҪ̫ҽ˳
˵ʲô˼ԺйҲֻ˵ȶ¡ʷһ䣬ִƻûţԧ죬򷢸СѾͷȥүȥõ
ִƺȶ˾ƣһϵΣӻججأһܾԼЩʲô
ˣʥּͻʥּ
̫̫һʱʲôæվߵʷǰʵ
ȳʲôʷ˼ִһڣǸСŵǻ˸ƲŵĶ
ǶǶ
ŹĹģ²Сı˲ˣŵ鷿ʷһȥŵģҲûˡ
ʷҲʲôܵĶŻǷŵִƵ鷿Ƚϰȫ
ִ̧Ų鷿ȥ
ү⵽ʲôҪ飬ŶˡʷϱԹһ
ūǰ͵ү鷿ȥԧһ
ԧִ꣬ƾֻˣﻹʷϸո˵ǸƲ
̫̫м顭ִͷһ˵ԥԥġ
ϣǼֹү˵ԥԥʱ򣬵ʲô飬ôΪѣִƵɣʷ϶Щ档
̫̫ʥּɡִưʥּݸʷ˵
ʲôֺʷϵֺɷǵԸ⽫޸ֺ
ʥּʷֻǼִĴͻʥּүĪǺͿˣôȥôһʥּ֮ǰ㲻˵ֺô
̫̫ʥϵ˼ִסʷϵ˵أôøһ
㡭ⶼʲô°òĻ¶ˣҪĻ¡ʷ̾һˣѹ
ү̫̫ʲô飿Ů˱ءѾ߽Լ˵
ԼһʥּɡԼСŮȻҪ޸һɷǡЩǨŭִƣ˼ִһۣ˵
ӹʥּǸԼͻʥּһͺˣֿһԼֺ֣˵Ǻ°
ֺʷϸֺȱֻּһˣֵܰûиĸտվίҵ
̫̫Ůίͷʷ˵ֺĸţŮȥָܵļңûֵܣŮҲ沵ⲻǸô
οֺƱȻˣӢţø״űȥʰ׽׽ءеظоĸ֮ķΧ̫ԣ˵һƤա
ѽ֪οҡʷϵ˵Ķͷ˵
ʷȴѾ¶˾ģôöಹһ㣬Ů޵ʱ򣬼ױø㡣
ֺǶƽҲյͻּ⣬ع˶þͻǲýˡ
ͼǽ
ү̫̫ôôΪŵĿζͬˣôһЦ
磬˵ʲôأ
ϸúֺ˻顣ʷϿĿϵʥּϣһ
°ͼֵͬ
ͼֵϣƽϲ׵ˣǼȻúڵĲźã۵һµؾֺãͷһؼ
˵꣬˼໥һ۶Է
ֺѧʼãõĲҲǼõġܶò裬ɪ룬ֲһ
ԭҲ벹һ䣬ٲü϶˹ȥֺӴ࣬˵תƻ
ү̫̫ʰͳˣʹͶ֮󣬺ǽʿ͵ÿνأ壬ҪҪȥиѣǼҲ¥λõİ䡣
ʲôѣѣڼִĬϾͿ϶ǺˣѸλãִüͷʵ
үѣ佫ҵķƣǲ¥޵ӡ
ҲͰˣҪ֪ȥв̻ϸҴȡִвһ⡣
úõĵϴˣҿүǿҲ˳۰ɡʷϱͶԼִȥһ˾ƣû˸Ůͻʥּ
ڿִԵ޹ʵ⣬Ϊִָɣء
Ϳ̫̫˳ˡִƱ粵һ䡣
ҼǵֺҲˣʷϲִƣѼǸȥãǶȥǼδŮνֵĳ档
ִڨڨӣĬʷϵ˵
̫̫ôˣȻүҵʱ򻹰˵ţ⻹ܳء
ƽүʱ̫̫˵ǼеĴ̫̫үһǶõġ
ɱ˵ˣϸ̫̫ˡüͷȰһ


45 
ʿν֣ȷ˵ʵ״ԪŽʿȥһݿϷӣͲ񣬱һʦؽ̺˼Ϊ
֪ʲôβεģֻ֪¿ƽʿǰͨϰѾǼˡ
ŴųڳǵʦȥݿϷӣǰͷĵò⵫һģ˭֡вǴźģһԼҺմǵĲأҲϸͷϽʿ
ټϣνԺһͷϷأǾǰ׽
׽˼ڻʰ׽ŮȴǺͷŻʰͬһգϾŹʰ¿ƽʿǾ͵ȥ硣
ǻʵ۴磬ٹݰٵģҪڻʰ¾ͰѽʿǸ׽ȥ¿ƽʿμӲɶ磬Ͳˣˡ
οٹٶȥģҶȥμϯˣ˭ǹȥԸԼȥ׽Ůȥ
ԣҶĬϰѰ׽νա
ãνֵʱҲܺúõĹ۲۲ʿǵĳ̬һͻʶˣһ̽ĺ꣬ҲõǰϷӻԺ󣬾ȥ
ȻˣҲ׽׽ȥҪ׵ģҪһѾ˼ң߲Ըҽ׵ģⲻǾͲճô
˼ңܶǰϵǸʿĻˣǰȥ̽ڷˡ
ڼִǵԱߣֱѾв֪˭ҵļҶѾˣǼƹƾ׼ν׽ġ
ԭֻҪ־ˣⲻ̽δ÷ô
ƫƫ÷ǸСõͦÿֵǲ̫ߵģһļҵĹ㿴纣ֵҪֺؼȥô죿
ԼöôõķɲÿȥͻȻ;ԼΪһֳľˡ
ԽԽòԾԷӸСˣСǣţȻԼת˼ִƵ
үòҲȥҼС˻߱Դȥֺ׽ƿӣһСϵӽ˵
ԼüˣһԼųѰֺ׽ȥӢˡ
ɵģʲôӣִһ¼ȥҪõĵ֣أô㡣
˶ãִ˵ʲôаֺ׽ʲô
˵׽ôǺôҲֺ˰˵
ֺ͹ùáʥϲѾͻ𣿡ֺ̲סˣʵ
ɲѾͻôȻҹֺʲôһȻ
ʥϵּ˸Υ𣿡ֺƸʥ϶Ѿùúֺǣֹøͻˣ˭Υּ⣬ֺŮ
ʵȱŮҲŰȫһ
һŵĵô죿ֺԼֱضԶ
϶Сأʵ׼ҵģܵûɡ
ⶼѾ˵ʱԼôżҶǳôȺСɱһ·˾ȳȥˡ
ǼҴʲôȥ¬ҶСӻ޸ִһ¼ĺף룬ʷӵʱûӰɣ
ֺ²һ䣬˼¬Ͳö༸ȥء
ִƿⲻŵӣȻԼǸΣûʲô룿
ⱻִϸ׵ĿŵüƤˣôˣ˵ţ⻹Ҫȥִ̽ƵĶͷ
ִһĵ֣˵뵽ʲô
ҵ룿ôһڼЩңԶòĶŵõǲŽ롣
Ǽأһ˳
Լ˽ǰѶǸ׵ٹ˵Ǻ׺񣬿Ҳûеã˵ܵ˵㣬װɣСʱ̫ĸеİĸе˽
ųԺͻݣϥмֺĴӣ϶ӻһء
ŶķСһ֮֮ϵ̫ӣ̫ӻֵܻš
⻹ʲôأ
⻹˼һ⡭ûʲô롣
ˣԴ뵽ʲôִƿżһãȻӣ˼һơ
¥İǷ͸˵ģһ˽ţСæǰ·
үˣǴүͰõİˣСʹǰ
СǴ˶¥һ䣬ĸֺ֣;õİ䵹治õİ䡣
˵һ䣬ȴϳһ߿Ůãһӵġ
ȻˣٹһˣþԵЩˡ
ãȴҲһôǾǹ棬ٽֵĴһ˶ؿͷϵ龰
ϵˮͲˮС˵ǶϤúܣҪõĲҶɱŪҡ
үСòø͵ʻСڵ˵
ʲôһ
ʻȻǵȴ¿ƽʿ·ʱӸǵġС
ǸӯһֺҲûϰףòƸ˰Ǹơ
ǶѾ˵ˣֺԴȷʵʻࡣ
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˵ЩʲôƤôһ˵ˡ
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ڼͼֺûôõĴˣ˵Ҳ⣬˳˼ԱߣֶСոնĲһڵǽ²ɣζȷʵ
ֱֺſ˴ߣ͸ͷȥ
Ҳ쵽ʿνֵʱˣµĽֵԱҲ˰գŽʿǴνء
ˣȵͷòĵԺ󣬵µȺɧˣ쳤˲ֵһͷȥ
ڷҲøֱһЩ
ĵò󣬾ǽʿˣͷľ״ԪͰ̽ˡ
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¬ﱾڣϴɫԺӳ͸˼֣ԭҲǴȱ㣬ٿ״Ԫķϣ󲿷˶ܹԭڵġ
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ǰ˵ѾһЩۿѾ˲֮꣬˼˼ƮݵףټͷŽʿĶڣ˿ž͸оɷǵġ
¬˵ĳ£Ͳôˡ
״Ԫɿ϶ĲɺܺðɣȻôҲûʵүϰɡֱи·һݵظߵ˵СڰԺɲԹ԰ˣ״Ԫôڣǵ״ԪȻ״ԪɺڣֻҪŬ飬һҲԵġ
˵ֺͣڲ¥¥ˣ¬ȻҲȻԭͺڵԽ˼֡
㿴㿴״Ԫɵֺһ㣬Ҿ˵ɣ϶й֮ġ
¬Ҳй֮
ܽʲô֮Ա˲ҪҾã̽ɳúÿ̽ɵҶñ˵ÿ֡
ôͲǹ֮ˣ״Ԫ¥īˮȶˣźڵأ
ֺͲûԻЦɵţ뿴¸˫Ƶ˵˭
ԭ׼һӻпչעһվڴߵĶˡ
ǿͦиһѱ˼ֺɿˣ
ֺⱧ̽⣬ЩţԼҲ׵׵һСİԼ¥ȥӲҶ
ȷʵӿĸӵġó桱жˣԹԵػ˵һЩɿĻ
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ģ뻹Ϊոһ·ϣ׵һֱʲô룬⿴һĻʱֱġ
˵ʣΪäã֣ʵǸߴϡ
ڼ׵ִƿǾưˡ
Լ˾ǼТˣִѾʼĦȭƣҸͷһˡ
ϴʲôϽѺʷϿֺⱧŰӶ̽ͷŵĶͨͨͣ
ԽֺȴЦģﻹűģѰҲŲء
ֺŲڵذϣŷ·̤ʵһ㣬﷭һۡ
¼ֺԺ󣬾Լſڴ̨ϣͷȥǰͷǰ׶Ѿȥˣ߹Ѿ׵Ľʿˣ⿴ſžͷ֣׹ڶ׽ʿǸˣôڵġ
ϸһŶ𣬻Ǹˣø־
GǲǾôоڵģ
Ҫ˵Žʿν֣Դ˵ϵҫ˾Բ־״Ԫ¥̵ϷһԺ󣬼־ȦֱӳˣǲٵİҲ֪ĴүԺˡ
ֱһصļ־ֻ벻ڼﾲǿνÿʿμӣҪǣ־Ƕ׵һ
һ΢һǾˣҪ֮ǰ־˶һֻеҡ
ǣʿνֵķӣǰһǰһߣ׵Ľʿһȥ
Ϊһļ־ͱʣ˳ֻһһУԵʮͻأ
Ҫ࿴ۣϸһƣⲻǵ̵Ϸľү
һ·־ܸоڶָָ㣬ɲӰ


46 
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ֻ޸ոѾһӵĻˣҪСͻҲʵȻԼܸԼҾӸ
ؿűĽʿǶ˸־ȴΪԼһֱԳ棬ʽ򣬼ֻñĽʿеģҸҲС
һһȦʵҲ벻ʲôӸ־ģֻܳɤӴ־֣ԼҸ
־硭
־֣֮ǰǿûʲô֪ԴӾ״Ԫ¥־Ϊз֢ԺǼ־ֱӾǳˡ
־Ǹ֮ǰ״Ԫ¥
ԶԶԣǸ˵Լ˵Ǹ
ĸĸĸָҿ˷ܵ˵
־ԼҲûˣֻܺ޺޵صһ۲¥¥ļ⣬Ȼ޿ָָ㡣
磬ҪˡԱյغȲ裬Цص
ҲãٺȥԺûȥˡֺͼ֪ǰģü⽫Ҫٴˡ
ôҪˡԼұӾȻǸļĻͷһֺ̹ݺݵһ¼ֺͷ
ҪҵͷˡֺҲ֪ԼѾһͷˡ
㻹Ǻúöɣúҵ룬㰢⿴ۼֺͷĶżֺһ˵
ҲǵģѸͷ˲һ䣬ȻżֵֺùҸһͷ
ߣԼŬǶŶӶ顣ִһڿԼأҵҲи룬ϴ㿼нʿء
һãȻЩӣ׵ִòһֱ
ʿүǲ̫ңҴҲа
ôϲʷˣ˵һ乫үǲ˵ˣϴСҲû鰡
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ֺСֺԼͷϵľӵĽʿԿʿǰ˵ʷòƿʿ
׶ӣġҪôӵô
Ѿʼִ֣ҪѼֺ·ˣܿ
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ִĶһΪǸΣԼĸαĴӣȻ⡱ԼĹߣ⡱Ȼһһ룬ȴԲ׶Ӳܲˡ
˵ִҲ֪ǲһΣȴһŭʰһټɢ
ҲΪĿͷĲ䲻͵ģ˵̫ӵڣܲܽһֱɡ
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Լ׵ʵ̫ŵˣֺ游ܺԼ׵ѧ㶫Ҳãûôŵ˰ɡ
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ڣɾĹɡһֺ˳ڼֺͷһѣ˳õüһۡ
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ˣʿνҲˣҲûȥˡִվ˵
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ԭ־ִƲ΢ͣ˵Ǹ˵սԪִĪһֲĸоĺ
ҵҲսԪҪ˵̫ù鷿ǶƽƵһϣôĶһԾ͵ˡ
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үԺصضÿѮҪһϵġ֮ԺҲϵġ
¼ִƾڲҵⲹһɽ˵ƾٿĲѧʶҲ
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ոջ˵أֵֺˣҪǵżִƵ棬ھܳЦֺһء
ֺЩԸ游Ҿ￴ͦõġ
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أǸѾȥˣٹѾ˰׷Ҳá
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ִƿһĻЩϴϱôģô˵СϱģôǡΨһһѪˣôøиǰء
ССϱҪ͡һ̣˰ҲͰˣϺôȰȥ˰
˶ү˵ҪѼţ㻹ȥһߣǰʲôһɫ·ӴҴ߽
裬ڸүТأүոߣүôǴү׵ܵܣѼźôǡǽ˶Щԥ
СӣôͲ֪ͨأӵ˵˶Դ˵үʱҲүܳ裬οֻʣ´˷ɥˣҲ֪һ
ִƵüͷôˡ
˵ѼǸˣ㵱׵ܵܵТڼִܲܳĲˣҲ˵ǸʲôӵĶүȻТֳأ˵ʲôݣȥɫ
šϱ棬˵ʲôǿ˷ɥǣ
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̫̫ˡ
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ֻǼִôҲû뵽λ̫̫ھϱ
ɥǣҪ㣬ô׷ͺڷˡλָ̫̫ŹǰСϱxxˣôһҫ鹵Ķӡ
ɥǣɥǣŸļޣҺúɡ
λ̫̫ڶӵǰѶϱһͨȻתȥˣȻ˿˼ȥĶӡ
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νǰӣ߽ޣִȻָϱִƾְ˼˼ͷϡ
תۼ䣬͵λүӡ
ٹλү˵ǼּҵôôˣųĶ飬Աߵ·ʵ
ǲ֪λү˵״ٹȻѹҫ鹵ĵӶѹڴүϣλүŶعԾү顣Ҷ˼ҵСӾٹ˵ƽλүҪӶֻڷ顣
˼ңҲ̫˰ɣŶóģֻǹѺţ
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˵˼ҲŶ
ִƴҪڿȥֻͻȻ˵һ䣬㿴ˣҲûȥ˰ɡ
һִۣԼĴˣͷҲѾˡ
أѺִĵһ¾ʼ⣬תͷ룬ˣȥԺҵĻү¾͸ҽڶԺͷ̤Ժ벽


47 
үôˣʷϣЩ˼飬úõϴַˣ
ϴôҲӵĵˣүôںϣĹϴɡʷȰһ
ʷҪǲֺܻһЩһִֺƸŭɶӣҪôˣ
°ˣΪνĹҫ棬ź飬Ŷóء
Ҳ룬ϼּʮ˴ûһˣʲôҫʲô棿Ҫҫ棬ȥأڸϲһء
ִʷҲҴִƵùͷҲȰţֻŴȥ׼ͷ˶飬ǵüִý¡
ʲô£ִǶĻһӦϸһԼ飬òԼûʲô°
Ȼǿϲ
ԺǲǣǲǾͲȥֵˣŴС˵־ϲʵ
СҲǸģִ֪Ƶ˼Ȼ֧֧ᣬСҲ
㣬ȻܳԺ밲Ҳˣҿ˯Ȼˣܲȥү˵˵ֱӸҽꡭɲɡֱӽһɡ
ǲݳݺɵĺüڣȻҲǴ˯ĺʱˣҹﶼҹüΣҲ͵˼˯߲ô㡣
ζܺúõ˯ϼأⲻ˯õͷ
СҲǸոյִƸǰźûõģ֪ܻ첻߳
үҪСȥүС̽ʵ
ʲʣС˰æ˵
úõģͷʲôˣ˵ִҪ㣬æŶӳʵ
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Ϻɵؿ˼һۣһ£⼸òûôȥ
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춹⣬һС˳ȥһĵһɰСˣС磬үʲôǵүô
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Сߺ󣬼ִҲ侲˵ǸЩأɵҲһ翵ΰˡ
Ϊһ翵ȥԼ׶ӵġ
ϸһ룬ִƱе飬ʵЩʵȫ
ϴϱӷǶżҶĽҲǶϴϱӣ᳤ϱҲТ˴̣ôТڳֻǰܶӵϲȰ
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ҵĴǡԧ족ʱ򣬾ѾʷϸǰĵһˣȻ¡ԧ족Ҳҡĵλ
Լ۳ٲøӷָǡ
̫̫һд֣֦ͬģ̫̫ȻæòУþһǡҵĻ˵
ʷѡҲ⶯֣ڵľ˵ûԼҴϱҲ¶ˡ
ڼҲûִֹɥĻɥ¡
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Լ۵òУһʷ˵ȥ¸ӣ뾴ǼͿ༸հɡ
ҵһʷϸǰһˣ飬ʷϲ˵ҲŻԸȥġ
ǣ̫̫ҰİɡҵæӦ
ΪٹĹܼӣҵԳҲ˽⾴̡
ǸµģŪԼĲŸɣҵ룬ԼҲһ˵顣
ʱѾ飬̰Ͳ飬̫̫ЪһЪˣⲻͷ˺ô
ҵͦãȴû뵽ԼһԺͿأԱźѾҲһ߰οһ߿š
أҪȥء̿˵
ôˣҵСʵ
ǴүǴү˵ҪңնϷȥˡ˵ţصؿ


48 
ҵһãȻ̵ĻöǺϵһİֶûˣʲô˼
ʲôնϷʲôҪȥˣ
ҵľһ㡣ѰĻ
˵Ǿүҵ̽ʵʲôΣʲô֢˰ɣ
үúõʲôȥո˽ʿ˹٣ǴʱҪƺ쳾ҲûʱƵİ
˭ԩһ˵ֱˣ־Ľᷢô꣬˭ϵ־һͻȻġ
ǸүˣҵţҲûԵ޹ʼ־ͻȻƺ쳾Ҫ˾̵ġ
ĸҸ죬ǺúõģͻȻ˵ҪȥˡյĳԼҲһأǵȥôȰһȰǴү
˵˵ţˡ
ǣǵúúȰȰҵҲûֳ棬ʶظ͵
ҵĳĴţһһ뾴ȥٹæôͳ˻ȥү̫̫ˣ
үҪޣնϷȥļµҲǴˣҵҲҵ飬ֻæȥʷϡ
õǿ죿㾴˵ˣô˵ʷϿҵĻĶƣЦʵ
̫̫ˡҵæ˵
⻰ˣúõĶܳʲô飿ʷɻĪҰɣ
̫̫ˡҵæ˵ūȥʱ򣬾ſأ˵ǾүҪȥɣ˵Ҫ˾̣ʲôնϷ
ĪǿЦɣʷһ£㾴үɣ
ô飬ūҿЦҪǿһˣū澵һؿ޳
ҵʷϲţæѾ̵ĻһһѧʷϣҲԼżæŵʷϸǰԵˣѾ̵Ļ˼֡
ʷϻòУҲ˲ûƵǣֻæһȥִƣһ˸Ͻ׺
úõģôˣ
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ҪֻȥˣҾֻûˣޣʷãƳ仰ҲֻпƿѧֻҹӰɡ
СӼҼҵģ˵ʷϰοúӣҺأȻطȥ
־λƣǼ׵ģҲ֪⻰ҪǱ˴˳ȥǷǳ˲ˣҲæ͵úӣԼȥ
ʷȥѰִƵˣҲѼִ뵽ˣǳʲô飬𼱻ǣƫƫҲ˵壬ʲô޵ģ
أҵҪ壬ѵǼּҵĵִ֪˼־ˣֻһпޣһпߵҼ޵ǼּңôҲعү̫̫ТҲôûҲпͣôǼּҾҪˣ
ִƱôһĻ˵ͷΣҲ˸ϸǼ־ҪޣִҲֻìأֻ˵ģСìܣֵˣȾˣҾ
־أȥǾүִͷҲһɻֻż־˺úô
ǻҵõҪȥҪ޵ȥˡ̿޵
޵־˵ʲôִһãȻתͷʷϣźôʷϸһ¡
ʷҲȼִ֪öֻ࣬˵үȥѾ˵ɡ
ã־ûȥأȻӳڵ⣬ٴӳ⵽ڣҪܼ־ˡ
ҵ־ʱ鷿ء
־˺üӣֻԼֱߵһһӣȫյıǴ鷿ոһɶ
үʲôҪңʰ˶ȥˣֺοЩ̿־飬æǰˡ
־ƾôЩּ꣬˭֪ľүǸģƽ˶ԼˣҲԸܵġ
־Ȼ飬յĻԭ־ǧǶĹ±ż
ⲻ˵־аˣûš
־̶ҲգִԱߵֳһҪӣ㶵ģ鶼ûС
¼ִƶŭˣֶ˼־ϵ飬־ңЩʲô
ô˽ʿ˹ٳϢˣȢϱˣʲôҪȥɣҿ㵹ҪȥۣȥҽӰɡִ
־ŷִּƺʷƵã常Ҳˣ˵͵ģ
˭ᷢʮصӡż־ӣǣʷ϶ٲ˵䣬һȰСڹаʱ򣬰Ҳ͸úͺˣֺοֳأ
ǲǰˣҲã䲻־˵պ˺쳾ҲᣬһɢҲټޡ
ʲô˺쳾ִü㵹Ǹ˵ʵѲΪ̵£ͬǳЦ㣬㲻ԸȥîǹҲɣҲصñܵȥ
ִֻ־ΪԸٱͬǳЦҪȥ޵ȥ
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֮ǰļ־ȻҲ̫ãΪ˿ƾλҪˣǳ˿ƾ飬ȴģΪƣҲ塣
֮ǰļ־˵ҪնϳԵԺȥֻ
Ϊʲô
־ЦһֻǾûʲô˼˰ˡ
ʮȥ¶֪Ǽ֮꣬еﶼΪԼʿܶ
ʲôΪȥ׵ϣʲôΪ֤ԼλǶԵģ˵󻹲Ǽһ
ɵ濼ˣ˶ף˽ʿͷҲ˹٣ɼ־Ǿûʲô˼ˡ
Ժǿϲɿϲ֮أ
־ãȻ޴ط֣ԼûҪܶĿˣøʲôأ٣ΪԺۣպأָøʲô
㣬ȻǽĲˡ
־˺ԺĹ٣Ժ˵ͷŷǺֲ˵ʵϺԺȴеúܣЩĲȻãܱʵȥдʥּʥּʡ
ԺĹٲʷ飬һżб־ոսȥģԵЩûĻᰲЩ֮ĥ˵Ļ־ŵģǾʲô¶ûţֻԼڲ飬ϤϤԺҲͰˡ
־ÿֵ£ڲѰһЩ鿴˳ҲһḻּҵĲ顣
ĳһգ־֪ıѧ˵﷭һǩͷдס˸衷
ԭ־ֻȻͨףɶȥȴһζɵȶˣ־֪ΪξȻһֳо
ããȻ֮䣬־·ԼǸȥ޵ġ
常ǼȻӺպգȴ֪ý[1]쳾
ִƿż־ӣЩͣҲʲôӵˣתͷʾ̵ǸϵĴأǲϴεĺ֢
Ҳǵһؿ־ӣãִ⻰Ҳɼ־ǲǷˣæᣬСѾȥ
常û裬ҲǷθ֮԰ˡ˵ţ־Ѱš[2]
ʲôĻ
ִˣսɱﲻ֪մ˶ѪȻǲֹ֮ԣ͵ֱӸ˼־һƣ죬װŪظ˭
־ִƴһƣҲ˲٣Ҳٺ
˵䣬ҲѾϹˣҲ񣬾ͱִָŸ־
үúõģҲûʲôë˺һ˵
ٸúÿȷû裿ִƵ
ү˵ʲôүôأЦһ˵
ûŸոռ־ģǾüִǷ˵ģֻҲûǵӣǰȥһżִƵ
Ҫ⸮ȥɣִƶؿ˼־һԺʵ
常Ҫȥ޵עϸȥ־Ǽңϸóһһɮ
ִԭһ䣬ǿļ־־õҲûʲôҪ常ȴҲҪ˼ȥȻҲ㡭
常ôôүִƻû˵꣬̾æϡ
Ҫż־˼ѲɻҪԼˣ
ֶϱĪҽ˵ִҲڰ˵
־Ҫȥ޵ʲôģȥˣôҲйְģܵôߣķҲʱȫɣǵһڶϱɥЩǸϵҲģ˼ޣҿϱݷŶԡ
־ִ˵ͨ죬ګګ˵
ǣ常ҲҲݴүæֵ
ˣǼ־ԼȥĵɣҲ˵ʲô뷲նϳԵֻ˻ҪնϣԺˡִһϱӱˡ
־Ҫ˵ͱִ׵
ˣֶϱ˵Ҫȥۣ
ǡ־ĪؾãִʻЩ⡣
Ȼһ̼־żִƳ˵
㲻˵ҪնϷǼʹʵǮ۶Ǽҵĵۣɷǵļֵ϶ǲԸȥһǳԵδĵط
ǣ常ҡ־ſ˵
ѽ㲻˵ҪȥǷ֮˻常㺰ҹүˡֱִӶס˼־ĻҲ֪Ĵȣұ㷢һĸҸʺĵط


49 
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Ͼô־ڶѧһʮģɶڼĹעҲʤޣȫһ˲ٳ
־ҪǳȥǻһλԸëĴүء
ִѾѹż־ҪѸĵ̸䣬ҲѾˡ
պ־ķɣԼվū澣żӣҲͦõġ
־˵˵ͦãͷִ֮ĻɼִƻĿһɣ־Ӳִŵû˵
ԭţǼϴʵǻ첻ߣ϶ҲûиʿǾãҲٹԺʷһִͷ·һ̲ס˵һ
Լӣ鲻ɵû²ǣҲ߶߶ͷ
ʷ⻰ŸճڣСѾߴӣ˵Ǽˡ
ү˵£ʵǾôˣ
־Ȼһѧһѧ䣬˽ȴǹϵҲѼ־״ġ
㵹Ϣִͨƺһ
ⲻǸոͷ˵ڨЦһ˵
ͷ˵𣿡ִظһʵ
ɲǣ˵ҸոͷǺȾƣʱ·˵ҪޣҲģš
ʲô壬ִЦһ˵ҵμҲ֪ô£øūŲȵͷȥˡ
ôҲź̫үǵģϱҲøǵ档ʷ澴̱粵һ
ˣǸ飬ҲԸܡִҲƾ˵һ䣬ڰ˵
㾴Ҫȥ޵ˣ˵Ҫ뷲ȥءִζ˵һ䣬Ҳǻشԭ⡣
뷲ȥۣظһԺͻȻЩĶˣ·ǵõʿǲȾƵģ˵ʿԼǿԲֵˣ
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գִƻҳһʺϼ־ĵ
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⾩;ҲвģǷǾǵЩٹǣ㣬Ȼǲþ̫ԶŹ·;̫ˡ
ٹ㣬Ҳǰģ˳ҲøһʷǮǮҲķ
ΪʷǮޣΪĴٹǵķ㣬޵ΰǹٹʱСסСԺв١
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ƫƫɽ·Ҳõƽ·ҲϲȥֻܿԼȥ
ܵǸۣǹƶܳˡ
ȻҪȥˣҲԲţΪֻϹʿǶǿ޵ģƽԵĶԼ֣ҲʵʿԲˣǸûܳԵģȵˮҲÿԼһʱɽ·ȥɽȪˮ
˵۳ֻеʿԼļéס
ִƸոôƫƧ۵ʱ;˯ͷúʰǣ۲ԶǼּׯӡ
ⲻǼ־޵ѡ֮ô
ִҪɱӺ־ѡһĵ۲˵żһȥͼ־޵
ôôѲֲȥ޵ˣִ޵Ҫôʲô
常ֶϱΪ˸үʰõĶˡͷǸүȥĶ̽͵
ż־֮ǰҪնϳԵԣ˵־ӦǲԸҪʰĶģǼ־ĪִƵʱ˵ҪԼһʺĵطӲذǾܾĻĵףû˵
ѽҪ˵Ǿϱ㲻£Ҫȥ޵ģȻȫȫն˳Եǣ־ôЩⲻǵôִƳ
˵˵ʱҪǾΪôЩ׵ĶûзⲻǴˡִƱ˵߿˼־һۣͰ°ɣظȥ
ִôһ˵ȻСǰ
常ͷдүļ·ԥһ˵
Ҫɵˣﻹһ·ִưڰֵشش
ûãҵʱû˵ҲšҵԼؿ૵
޵࣬ȻǳԲġֺվڼߣȻ˼Ļ˸Ȱ
ڲѾ֪ôļֺԴֶż־˼־Ҿ磬СǲͬĻҲԸȥ
⻹֪־ǱִƱɽء
Ҫ˵޵ȥ۲ˣȥҲˣֺαȥôԶĵطҲڱϲ˵
㶮ʲôģһǾ粻ߵģʶþ̧ܣֻе˾ľ磬޵ء
ҪǼ־Ǽżĸܾٵȥ䡣
˭м־ǴСǼƾ·ϵ·أͲԼ־Ϊˣü˵ҲûʲôԼҾľǸߡ
Ǿ󲮵ĲأСԵԴ־Ψһһͷѵļֺ̲סһ䡣
£˵͸Ժµ˴ǳʡڹٳвٺѵģϢҲͨЩ
Ǿ磬ǹٶǵСż־ش˹٣պͶȥֵˣĽ㽡
Ҳ֪ʲôʱԼҲôĵ˴ǳʣҲȥ
Ժ֪ʲôʱܽԺԺ˵ѧĳĵطҲ⣬ٲø̾һ
ֺԼ׵ӣǼҪ꣬Ҳֻż־ȥ
־һɫ·ͷһڣһϲӣмֵõ˵ӣֻǲ֪ΪΣֺȴü־мֲĸо
ֺɵö࿴˼־ֿۣȥúͼ߶ϡ
أѹԼͷϵĴɽҪȥ޵ˣպҲԼˣõ仹ĺõسżֺ֣ҪҪһҳϱ˲ٺóԵء
ֺҲ첻ߵһʱ·;ˣпܾǼĴʱߡ
ֶֺԼ˽ⲻ࣬ųᣬ˽һ䣬˵Ҹһɡ
⵹ûʶֺֻС֮໥ȥȥɣˣ׼ĸһȥһ֡
ͷҲСƵᣬҲǵһθֵͬദټϼֺСϺü꣬䵹Ҳ΢ΪҪչ˵ܵܵ뷨
Ҳûֵܣδչ˹ܵܣŶʾãֻԼԭϲĶóֺʲôٱСοշУһڵȵȸ
һԵشİ﷭˳ֺ棬Сϵһڰ̯ĸо
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ƽڼҸʲôֺһ䡣
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óԼҪȥ޵ʮֵĿֺǰ۲˶ȴֻܶʱ¸עأںˣպҲûܹܵˣǸҲֻԺ󾭳氡
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ֻֻԵԼСõܣֺֻֻѧֻ࣬Ц˵˼ңﻹҪѧʲôܰ㿴ҵô꣬ҲǸƷС٣Ŷ⻹ˡ
ĸֺ˵㲻֪ϮѾȥˣգҾȽˣʱ㡣
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磬һǳ޵ģԲ˼ĵطɵöԼ־˼ֳ羴ζЩȥĸ޵ˣ֪ҪĶ١
ҲѵûûǷϵǾ硣
ִԼƶӵĻЦһʼ㾴һ
ûûûүɱ˵ҿû񾴴ľ硣⵱Ҳ˲ÿɽжˣҡͷͲͷҡӰˡ
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ǵɽ£־Ҳάޱϲ顣
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游ʵ̫ˡ丽ڼֺС˵Ժ游ǰɹһЩ
ôһ˵üһҲʼ磬ط游ģ
ɲǡ
ˣҲɽվţɽȥǼֵʿδִƵɽ·ҲߣϱҲȥˣȻׯȥǰɡ
ԴӼ־ҪԺ󣬶Լ־ҲˣԭҲͲԸΪż־ôߵɽִô˵ȻæͷӦǣ常ͺҪֶϱҲһȥˣ
ҲһȥʡõʱҲ޵ˣûطȥִҪɱ־ֻӼһȺģȻҪ˶ȥԺ󲻻˵Щ޵˼
ү޵˼ܸоԼ׵ڳԼ
ˣϽȥɡִҲ⣬ֻߵǰͷȥ
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ֻûãֺʵ߲ˡ
С˼ңӼû߹ô·
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ƫƫֺӢŵͷúܣĽĲŻԼһȥĻѵģֺʤţ۲ŷֻ֣ʷûѵġ
״Ԫɲžһ˼ϸڳʷ
ȼֺʷԺ󣬲ŷ̰磬ΪֱԼˡ
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ִûбɰ֪ټֺ׵汻ԼӿɰˣǼֺǸ׾أ¶һġ
ߡڼֺǰʾֺȥ
ֺͲǸԸ鷳˵ӣ˵Լ׵ֺҲЩϰߣأһǰɡ
ֻĽҰǵģСıߡŻ
ֻɽȥжأִҲҪǱҲڴ󳼺úòˡ
ֺԼʵ߲ˣĽҰ⣬ֺҲʲôޣ룬˼ⱳϣɼⱳߡ
Ȼ˵ҲJǹͷǺôҲÿҪһڹѲߣɽûʲôġ
żֺ⵹ҲûۣҪ䲻ĵ߼ֺ£ŵüֺֻ§Ĳӡ
俴õܺ常ӺֵЩĽǣ⻹ܲ˸׵ϱֺ
ǵ俴ñԼͲһ̾Ҫصļ־˰ɡ
Ϊ־ôһζƫ̻ģЩ޹ÿնڳãҲûöۡ
ѧԺҲϹٵΣ϶ߵãɽҲС
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Ǿ仰û˵ڣ־Ϳ˼ִƿеǸۡ
ԭɽʱǴģǵȻƾЩɵǴͦΰġ
ǵɽ۵ĲԺ󣬼־Ȼ֣۳˴⣬ѾʧˣҿѾˡ


50 
־ˣܲסĵطûаɡ
⡭Ӷˣסﰡ־̲סɫͰ͵ʵ
ôûסĵطˣ۴һʿ£Ц˵סĵطȻеģıǡ
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˵éݣⶼ˵̧ǼˣΪǰշмͷéݶһ룬ֻʣ¿նļɵǽڣʣһ䵹һЩéݣ־ܻװεġ
סˣǽʣһ㸸֮ͻȻķһ£ҵסӰɡ
ִЦе˵îƽʿĴүȻסéݵģǼֵʿǿ϶סõġ
סéݣظȥ飬֮ѡһƾżԼ־ǵӸ֮飬ȻѡǰߵģԱ졣
Ǿһǳ޵ģȻҲֽѲȥƫƫֹطż˵
־ػɣ֪۵ͿԼ˳ˣԼء
㣬־Բס˼һڡ
ôˣľ仰˵ò̫ԣһĪ
ֺʹӼǶ֪򣬾Լ׵ʵϽ͵ı£Ϊ׵ȫֺ½ǣʾ⿴ִơ
ֺıŰʾ⣬۲Ǽ־ĸԸģǼִưŵġ
ڼǾıʾִƵɫִƵɫʵ˵жá¼ִƿһ̾͵ðҲﵽĽҰ־һɣæ첻˵ŬСԼĴڸС
ү˵ƶδͽܣϵ˵ĶԻҲ֪ڵľԼδͽˡ
㿴ŵл۸ӣҪǿڹүһǮķϣƶ϶Ը㡣ϵ־ϵϸϸһԺ˵
ԭԼһǵϵ־ӦҪеŭģ־ϵĻԺ󣬾ȻЩҡ
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סǼͷЩݵӰɡϵһ׬˵ı飬Ҫģٹ˵Ҳڰó㣬õˣʦֶȥͷéˣǻݶ
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Ҫǽ߷ҲʡóˡΪԼԺ־ϵһ
߷ϵһǮ
߷ҪǮҪƽʱ־ƾ˵ҳҳˣ񣬼־ѾȰѡ뷲ˣϴһ·ɰӶûС
ող˵常һǮ𣿡־ʾ
ž־˵仰ͱϵ÷һ£Ǯ㶼죬ҿ޵Ĳϰöһޱİ
Ǯ־ɻɣǰϵʿԼ̰ǱǮ⻹ϵˣ
⣿˵ԼĲϣ
ǣǼֵʿľҲ߰ҰǮ˴ףȫ¡ִЦһǼֵʿֻŸԼסĻ
ֵʿôһּٵʿĸоڱ૵
üҲᣬûü־Ȼ־ѾѼдǳСˡ
ȫ£־૵
־ͻȻͶϵ˼־ϵȥʰʱҲû˳ӵȥˡ
ˣȻֵʿҲúõģҾ߰ɡһɱӺԺ󣬼ִƾشɽȥ
үǲ𣿡Ҳû룬ʱ̫̫ȥľ飬඼ǵի߰ɣ˵ǵۣڼҲûʲô
𣿡ֺѾ͸¶ɵӣҪǲҪ˵ļִƣʼ
Ҳᰡ˿̻ûʶ۵״ֱ׳˵
ոճӭǵģֻһϵʿҪѲþ
ǣûӻסִ벻ͨˣôأ
׹̰缦һ˿¼ִƷҲ
ɽ·ߵóЩɽģ·ȴҪԽСЩһˤȥǿɾͲˡ
ִҲüⱳżֺɽˣȫ˫Ÿȥɡ
ȫ˫ǼִƵĳ棬˵һױҲΪǸżִϹսģΪأִƲŷżֺɽ
鷳ȫ˫С磬վұźȥͺˡһֺ˵
ҵ벻үǺáִƲ̲˵һ䡣
ȻԸ£ִƵҲţֻҲģֻԸȫ˫ϸЩ
ϾǱһˣɽ·ϼͼ䶼ЩԲˡ
үҪȻЪһЪ˰ɽʵ߲ˣ˵
ǾЪһЪɡִƿһȦԼҵ˼⣬Ѿ۵һʯͷҲ۵ֱиɽ߲ˣһ·׵ɽֱļֺ
Ҳ̫Щˡִ͵ʱŴո·˵һ۵ġ
үӢ䣬ǵѧүһ֣ҲˡֻǼִпһԼ£ƨæߡ
ߣѧҵһִ֣Цһ
ⲻѧôоԼƨˡ
ִͻȻʲôƵģ˵ˣʦҵѰЩüĿˣȻѧҵһ֣պͺúõѧҪ֪㲻棬ϸƤ
ʦʣͲһСʯӵɽȥ
ôúõģĻյԼأѲԼ׵òã
ᰡǰڹʱԼڻʵǰУϻԼ˵š
ƫƫϿӵĶӻǶЦǰǲǾҪȥϰˣá
һŬԼ׶ӣҪǰɽ϶ˣܵñϱǿ
˴֣ĵ˵үҶôˣ͹ϰˡҪҪҰɡ
ϴ󰡣Ҳָи״ԪǸʿ϶ǿԵġִƵοСʱֲûѧ䣬ʲôеġ
үҡոջΪԼ飬ԼǸùܵǶ˵
ɵúúŬԺ˽ʿҳҲ˵Լǽʿĵܵˡ
ǸɿСģü޵ҧгݣͲֵˣƫƫǶ˵ء
ϰˣ֪ܵڴʮ׵ġ
游ɵøλʦʱˣܵ˰ƽֵͰֵԺʱ䣿
ֺ⻰˸⵹ùӣ䣬ҪɣƽֵѾ۵òˣǻȥ䡭
Сʱܹݲеļ⣬ϰ̻֪ģûлҪϰ䣬ÿʦվһʱ
ʵԺԼӡ
⵹ǲƫƫִƻǶͼֺʱüʵǰ;ˡ
ֳִһ˵θڡ
ʦ˵Ҳ̫ЩܻܲɡִƷ˼ֺ
飿ɻ
ôģǿԼԼ϶һѧ᣿
϶ǴŻֱȥ꿼ƾȥǰɣִͻȻʼ
Щԣֲ䣬Ҳûֻشǣ֮ǰɽҵʱ򣬾˵Ѿˣ³ԡ
ǾǻڼҴһʱ䣿ִƵҲܼģֻȷϼڼҵʱ䡣
ܴһʱ䡣ܾò̫ЩŻŵġ
ǾͺããСҲ̫ûˣɽţ㵽ʱϴһɡִƵ
˭Ķ
Ҫ֪ԼΪո˵ҪڰɽϢһ¾ͻᱻ׵ȥһѧ䣬룬ԼǸʱɽϹȥ˵ҪϢġ
ϧǣҲûкҩֶ
ϵļЦţЦˣļļ϶Ժú
ֻҪܿ϶ܱԼʲôܿ϶䰥
Ϳӣʱ󵶶᲻
үӡǸС˵־ļ⣬ִֻǿһԼԡ
֪ҲûҪܸƵĿʿִһȻ˵


51 
ǣǲǶʲô⣬ʲôûҪʿô͸ҪƵá
Ǹ˰ϾͲǸȥġ
ץ˺ܾòűһӻأүҲ֪ӵĹôãҪٲڼϰֿš
Ҫƽʱ˵ţܵΪܹȥ䶼ʼˡ
˼ңõŷǵȥšֻ׵ƵģſȰһ
һֱãǼּŶⶼְܵλģֺαظƵķǵÿ˶ɵˡ
˵òǿУҸϻʱϱҲͰˡִƿۼ䣬ЦеҼոյĻοո㲻˵ɽôˣֺα¿š
ôҲû뵽ԼոյĻȻڳԼûܾɡ
źֵܣȻǵһĹ˵ֵܹϵҲòȥżһǶԼ˵Լһ䵹Ҳνˡ
Ϊƽ⡱һ飬϶䣬϶ƶˣȲ飬Ҳ϶ѧǿ壬ǼҲȱǵǮ
֪ԼӲˣԾͿʼƹˤż˾
ȷʵҿţȴǵ÷һϾҲҪȥֵģϲܻʦҲۣĳϰɡǴֽеҧгݡ
⵹ҲҲϴִֵֵÿһĻɿ
үҲ£Ǵ˸ҲˡɵĲ¡
׵Ͷ໥ʳļֺѾʶԼĴҲôˣҲɿ⣬ڱһҷǵע⣬ʱյԼϡ
ǣȻû־ˡ
Ѿ˺üˣټϼ־ϸɣ˵俪ЦˣѰ֮ĶԻٿ
俴λڡĳ棬ǾȤĽ̲סȥҲֿЦãҹ˶ãҲܵʿˡ
ԵһҲӣżֵ
䲻ԣټҲ֪Ǹӣܵ˼ǰȥ
ȼ߽ԺһѽסҸ¼żͷżִ˵ү񾴴ȥ˵޵Ҳ鲻ʱܽɩҲ֪֬۶Ӣۣƫƫͺݲ磬һѧ䡣
˵üǣ˹ȥ߹Щõϰһѧ˵ΣײѧЩϰȥǰӣվͬһ
ǰҿʿôҪԼѧˣԼܿʿˡ˵ţ⻹䣬ֻҪúѧһһԼʿأģ
һ㶼ģڼҸ£ô˵ˣȻҲûȨ
˸ӡִЦЦؿ˼ͼһۣǵ˼ִƻִܲƱҲʹŰѼŪȥϰ⣬û𴩡
ڼ֮ǰ߹飬ִҲЩŵģֻ֮ǰ׵ڣִȻҲԽ޴ң־ȥ̼ܽ䡣
־ǸƣѾ˷޵ȥˡ
ΪļִȻҪúù̹̼ܽܽģ٣üּٳһ־ĺơ
һд˵˺һʵϵԵˣڳϣ˿ȴͬ˵ģһˡ
ʥǶǰ־趼ܳЦ죬־Ҫȥ޵ʵ۸ЦòˡҪպʲôñʥЦ
Ҵ˵һԺ͸λһɡִƵ
һ㶼䣬ķҪܾǼִ游ڼǰͦϵģڼִƸǰҲҵڵϿʼˣ
ֻܼϣܿӣؾ
ˣΪԺ䷽㣬պסȥãֵҲһ䡣ֺĸԭǼģɼⲻҪɻˣ͸Ų˸Ժȥ
ãճǸСԺʰʰס
ִţüסԼƤӵȥҲ÷̣ܽʡüȥ߹
ʲô桭游ҲҪһִֺƵĻԺ󣬲ΡΡָָԼı˵
үСЩҪ飬ǳԲɡڼǶûʲôֵܰںֶģôֺȡһ
ֺ˸Լǻæ˳ȥǰǰգ游˵ҲЩҲøоոˡ
ֺ룬㿴ÿնҪȥˣȻûʲôʱѧˡ
ڼֺ˵䣬ǱɱûҪʹ࣬һ䣬ûһ˰һˣôѧأ
ǰո游˵ʱ游˵ѧͦʵģȷʵһЩϰ֮Ȥãʡѧ̫ˣǲˡִƽҴ˼ֺ
ȻүӵԭҲ˵ϰ䣬ǸüֺѧһЩ黭֮Ȥá
ϾֺĽʵǿЩ
żֺڱֳˮƽүüֺھȥμӸԺԺԣҲܵøˡȥүɣԼǲ֮ǰܿнʿˢ±¿ƽʿС͡
ɲʲô¡
˵ǱķʢУЩͯҲʲôֵˡ
ǣʮ˽ʿдٺãζ߲ȥᱻѹͬʿȥ
ϾҶǷë²οġ
ʼҿȡʿɲе÷ţŸγġ
ʵѡ˲ųԼɻİ
ʮĽʿųȥĸ٣ܴúһ֮£²ܰɡ
ǾֻܰںԺʵʵ֮ǰˡ
ǸʱٻԶѾ־ˣʵµӢţﻹܼǵ㣿
ȻˣΪִƵĵճֱʵǵķȴûеġôںԺнʿĺƶ챻ĥòˡ
ǵǸʱСʱˣδؼˡ
ԣүӵϣֺѧĶ٣Ҳ÷ɢһ¶ľ
ִΪǼΣܾüֺգǿˣŷġ
ⲻ游ɲһļô
úúãúҲһѧ䡣ѧȻҪһġֺҲҪһѧæֽкá
ǰǰֵܣӱɲúһѧôһ㸸ӰûУֻ뿴ֺԱĳˣ͹侮ʯˡ
Ȼ簮ӣȴҲ֪־˼Ժ󣬼˹̡ܽȻҲ˵֮ǰ־йֺ̹ܽɵм־ڣ䵹ҲΪƫƫżʵǺݲ
ִ˵ҪѼȥвӦ֮
ϰ䣿ϰôˣ
佫ģԼҵӵܣǼ⻹ǳȻҪǵĲһۡ
˵ˣ佫Ҫ̳еľλҲȽһղõĵ
ۼô˵̶ֻѼ͵ٹȥٹβУֻҪ˾С
˵ٹȥٹĻһӦֺһģٹԽм˼֡
˵ʷΪæŲٰͼĻæýŲմصģضʷȥ룬ԼͶұëԼˡ
Ҫٳү˵Ļ£æýŲմصģֶϱҲû£ܸȴǿԵġЦ˵
ţңȻٺòʷϼֱ֮ãŶƶҪֱӸ˾̣Ǹȫģûʲôĵģֻǡ
Ҫ˵ԭʱ򣬴ϱһžʹ˹ܼȨʷϻ˸񣬾Լû˵̫̫硣
ܼȨֻصԼʷʵǱܼ۵òС
ʷھ꺢ӣҲذѹܼȨȥúõĵŶϱТ
Ը£ԸʷϾͲž̵ְŮˡ
û뵽ʷŶƶҪȻǲ£æ˾ˣҲ֪ҵᣬûʲô飬Ҳֵֻ´֡
ɺ˵أһ֪ܲı£㲻ҵϣôҲõϡʷæ˵
ҪǸͷҲ벻أ֣һȫ
־ȥ˵ֵۣٸסˣҲæǱûӣԭ̵ҲöģɸĸÿոѯҲͰˡ
ųż־ڣѸЩūȴˡ
ֲٵͶǵ̫үģǰūԭһЩЩǸżϹսѵġ
ԭҲûʲô֮󣬽ЩūǶҲͰˣҲȱǮ
־ӵ£ֻҪЩһ̫ү־ͲǵԸˮĲ¶Щռˡ
ƫƫЩģܾԼĲûб˵ĺãɲֵô
񣬶Ѿūĵزˡ
񽹴Щ紵ݶܴͷȥƫƫһ봦̫үж̫ү˶ﱳġ
̱ż־ߣЩūǻûӦˣʡڹϢȥˡ
źȻúúöԴȻҪǺúϲǣô˻ǲ͵ġ
ϵׯӶҺˣ͵Ѱͷ򷢵ׯȥء
ϣȻû׿ֱٹ


52 
ԼҵֶʦִȻҲǧѡѡġ
ִһλ壬Ҳǰﻹ󽫾ֻǵһѾûˡ
λʦڼǰʿҲı˸һְֻٰӸ˲һĹ٣ΪϹ٣ְ
ҲֻԼίŴ˴үүֱӾ͹ӡȥˡ
ֻô
زץҩǮͲÿ˽Ӽá
Ψһ˵ǣҲмΪֵܣִҪֶʦæƼ
ԭԸȥֻ˵Ŵ󻧣ϣڽдˣӦӡ
˵ЩŴ󻧼ֱֶȻֻЩӵҲֲ˵ϰǸ˵еʱһܵʲôˣԼóһٹ䡣
ֻβҩİҲԸǿѽӼãʡôѣԸȥԡ
ִԭҲϲϵˣϾмͼֺСģһвõϰߣСӴ˸Ӳá
һεĹ̸֮Ҳ֮оݵ֮󣬼ִֻмϲķݣ
ҪֶҸʦ֪׳ʿûȤִƵ
⡭ЩԥԭֻһˣҲǲѵĺ⡣ٹʿЩĶ
ģν̣㣬Ҿ档ִƿԥ֤ǲҪҲ֤û˸㡣
ִô˵ȻҲˣټȷʵҲȱǮȻûвӦĵ
ִ˵岻Ժ󣬻̫ҽȥΡ
ִˣԽģŲּܼӵжӲþĽ̵ɲŲǡ
ִƶ书ΣҲ˵ͷͷǵӢʵǰòУҪǻ̼⼸ģִͰ˱ٵȥˡ
˲ţڱ߹ػϼ꣬ҳһԱͽ
ִҲãٹʦʵˣȷʵ᲻÷һʦⲻ͵þ忼һЩ¼Ǹ첻ߵģǼѧأˡ
ôһˡ
ʦҾýǶ˵ˣ̲ǣǾٲֻˡִĵľԼ첻ߣֶ೤һϴˣвһ⣬˵ҵֶҲġ
û뵽үӾȻΪʲôӵʦôһ֪׶ӻʦ׶ӡԭʹʹֶΰߵĴ㣬ִôˣЩʧ͵͵ֹ
ߣǲ׶ҵǲ֪ηηӣ治׶ӡִһ
֡ϲ񡤺ٸԼȡһ£游ǡ
ִбʹżֺΪಡԾѪΣôüֺ˵Լȼֺ˵ִ꣬ƾʹϵ˵ˣС׳ʵСʱĸ˵оһǸ佫ء
ֺ游ܲһ㡣
Ϊ˺úһʦȡѼּӵ̳ܽɲˣȥһԼδѧȻ㷢ЩȷʵЩѽ̡
˵ȺӸֶộܽȻִƶ˵ѾȫȨѧиеֶʰѧ
ǣȺѧĿʵ̫һЩ
СʱеѾķ˶꣬Ѿʮ˵ļ⣻ҲдСûлҲЩ˵ļ͵Ҳ󣬵˶ȫƽԼ߹ļ䣻һС˵ٹ˵ĸαƽøƵļֺ
Լʩ̣ʩأŸν̣üգȵ쵽ԼŽ̵ӣŶ
Ҳ˵ֱӾʹĽ
ϾٹҪҲԼҵֶΪָ֣ʿҪûУֻ˵ҪǿС
ôʲôȼʺϽûлģʺЩлḶ́ǵȻˡ
ҩŴСϺûļֺһڴϲԸЩ̿ԼҸĿɰ
ٿɰҲǵô߸ģˣү˵ȥ䳡ء
ֺӣʵѾˣԭΪҪȥ䣬ŲԸҩĻԽһҩҩùãҲȥ䡣
ҩһȰϴˮҺãһȰϽԵзưӣ˾Ͳóԡ
ԺҪȥ䣬ֺ;зưҲôóˡ
ҩֺΪռУūԧ˵ԭȸүϰʱүϿȥˣʦ÷үʮȦ䳡
˵Ҫ䳡ֺһ˵ʮȦˣֺһȦǶҪĹҲûҩ˵꣬æ˱ҩùã죬ҵ·أɱȥˡ
𼱣ʱءҩһֺͷһ氲ο
Ϊոյѧ˲ʱ䣬ȼֺ䳡ʱϿεʱҲûˣֺʱȴֻмѾˣͼȴûаټ
λʦҲѾ˲ʱ˵ӣֺʦһ䳡ŵУҲ໰
λǺɣ׼ʱڱϵŰɡ
һȣһӹȥˡ
ԭõʱǳʱһ̾͵䳡ǸϲٵģԳʱˣɵȵʱһ̣Ҳͺˡ
ֶֶƵãʦվţҲǣ糿̫ҲɹȻôɹȥ
ʱŻûڷ̵˯ļͼ䡣ٿ޶ԵżͼһҲżʦڣ֪ҲˣҲʡվš
٣˵վϰʱҲͦ۵ġ
ֺŲվţžŵӣһʲôɣѾȿʼˡ
ԳǸС˶Ҳûʲôǵ÷żվžСȶúܣֺԾͶˡ
ֺԼҶתͷԼż¶һ΢Ц壬ҪҪһţҾöűվˡ
ԳֻһҪˣֲǺСʦǰضŵģȥҲԼҪֲסǽ
ⶼѾ쳽ʱ˰ɣôûҪɸȥǹҲʡõʱ
ٵһȰɡ嵹ǰҲֻ絭˵
ı֣ҩĻףֺβ²λǴŽɱӺءܾ͸ԺƵģٵãʹٰӡ
Ǽֺܲµ׵ĳ̶ȣֻҪûȥ϶ԡ˽Ҫϰ䡱ɺŪȥܵһңʴΪβȥѰ
ֺҲԸٵȥˣʦ绹ȥһҰɣǲңǽܵȵڡ
ԼĽѧҲǱкܴڴģźúý̵ܱٹ֪֮һڿΡ
ͼ䲻Ϸ絭ᣬȴҲЩż
ֺô˵嵱ҲԥǾɸ˽үȥɡ
ִ֪ܲԼҼǻ벻ߵӣͷˣүƢִ̡ܽԼûԶţߵȫ˫ȴ尲ˡ
˵Ҫȥͼȫ˫̷ԸСȥѼͼ
мִƵų棬ǲҲ
ֻǣǼ⡣
ѧ䣬Ҳоġ
Сʱűлӵ̫̫Ըָ׵ϰĿγ̣ڲǿվô
һҲŸһء
ԭǣֻҪԼͷͲȥʲôӵʦ֪ԼǣԺҲܸ˳ӿˡ
䣬Ǿֻǵˡ
ԭС˼־⣬˭ҹˣ
ǣ־ҪΣҲҼ鷳Ͼĺʱ򣬼־ԼҪأܵ˶ӡ
ԼճǶ߹ĿͨҲܿŵ̫硣
ԣͨ˯Ͳġ
ߵѾСǵ֪Ǽϰӣ
˭ûǸӣڼҪԸʱô纰
ߵˣ˭֪
Ҳʲôɳٵٵǳٵһͬʵغܡ
үһϿξͳٵǲĳﰡżͼȦһ˵
ǡʲô˴֣ڨЦҽٵҲɵģΪ
ҡҲǡѾʼѣҲҪôһ١
ûͱϵҲʲôɣٵǳٵ
ԭõʱǳʱһ̣λѾٵһˣϰ䣬ҲйصģȻλûغùأǾֻܽܳͷˡ忴һͷûļǳҲ÷̫ݣ䳡ʮȦɡ
ٹطټ˶佫䳡޵øʿ
ʮȦֺͼѾʼңüʱˡ
ǳĻ첻ߣһеˣƽĻһοһʦĻ
ô䳡ʮȦүϸ첲ȵĿܲƹˤŸ첲վԭһҲֻ
㵱˭СүȦҲѧ˵竵ͷ
嵹ϵ˱ȻϾȥȦִóһԹ
ǸʶʱģԱһǸӣоȵʱǸӻٴ֣ҲвԾؾͿʼˡ
ɼⲻͬǸӲġ
ټСʱϰʱ򣬼ӡЩʦҲвԼģɶװװӰˡ
ʾһҲˣٸʦǺҾͲܣбʹҰ
ִ͸˵ģҲбµģοŸһأҪǲͶԲⳡϷˡ
ȻôЩѧǹӣúܣҲֱӰ˴ˣҲϸĥûƨǿط°һ£Ҳֻۣд󰭡
Ļ䣬ĹӾкƨȥˡ
Ҳô΢еģټЩڹﵱҲͬǻѧУԤŶĹˡ
ǣҲû뵽ǳƨкȥġ
⧲֮䣬ûȥ
˵ʵҲأҲƤ񣬰򶼲֪˶ٻˣǼ˵һΡ
˴ƨˣһǵͷ׶ӵ档
ԺθǺڶǰţ
ǼⶼίոסһƨɣһˣⷴӦʱ䶼ûС
ûֻܿ첽ӿȥȡԶǸӡ
Ҳæ׷ȥ
ӣ׷⵹ҲǲӣǱȦ


53 
ôÿն߹Ҳֻôһ˶䳡ʵǴȦЩˡ
ոյǵӶԹĺ£ȦԺ󣬾ĵòˡҲŹˣĺﶼǻġ
㿪ʼֲסˣĲӾͿʼˣͣЪһЪˡ
ո۹ͻȻɨͻȻļ⣬ŹӸںʦȻԣԥԥ¾͸żһ
ȻԭȦ˵ļ䣬ȻǰδеЪЪһЪȦࡣ
嵽ҲǷǵñżͼʮȦоͼϢأǸоֲȥԺҲûǿ
ˣҲˡħһȦͣɡ
һɱӺ˵ǱɱֻˣֺͼѾʰ÷ˡ
ټֺʱѾٶˡ
ǵһ죬ҵҲȾΪǡȼͼ䴭˵
⻹вΪѣϢѾ˵ļ⣬ָԺЩܲסԼˣ̧ܵ
ҪǾòǿһƽؿ⣬˳óԼڼǰ˻в
⿴ǸԹľ뻤סԼƨɣȻв֮±졣
ȴʼɡȴʼ
ֺֻǰʱҲԼĺȻûԼɿȴǲѡ
ʲôǸվŲɡ
ԭΪõȫ䵱ԼѧѧŻһʮصĴһȦļֺͻȻãѧòҲѣ
ǼֺһżͼҲһ΢еļ⵹һʣվҪվʱ䡣
ֻϧǸԹضأ⵽ûʳڣʱ򰤴Сڼ϶ǰǾǴˡ
忴һģҲû˵ʲôǸ˵ʵ̫֮ĴǵĻֻԼһضüֺѧ
˫Ŵ򿪣Աȼһ㡭Ȼƣٽ˫Ŵ򿪡˵ʾԼڳһ׼ĶȻʾֺѧ
⿴ʵҲǺѣֺĶҲһĶ
忴ֺĶ׼⻹һ䣬⶯Ǳ׼
ֺֻǲѧˣֲûϰ츳úɵļֺãĸȷʵû˵ȷʵе佫츳
ûһֺ;ԼѾʼˣҲʼˣҲʼˣתͷһ⣬ͼͷˮѾ̫¿ˡ
ʦö׶õֺ̲סʵ
˵˽վȻҪվĿνȻ˵Ҷ۵òУֲһҲǰ
Ҳ͡ǰ
̫Ѿȥˣǳĵ⣬һɹ;ɹˣֺ̫һ㶼ûٴһ㣬ɹιȥźá
ļֺֻջظոԼ뷨ʲô佫ӣ䡣
СЩҲվôãһҾЪһӡ忴ֺԼزĶӣǻڣҲô󣬵ºһЩ
СǸôʱҾþ͸öӶӵʱҲĿӣЩվҲɣĻԺ̲ס
үǲҿվһġ嵭ؿ˼һ۵
ңҲͻСأܲҲЪһЪæΪԼȡ
忴һۼ䣬ʵҪ˵ǸӵҲȷʵ˵Ͼδء
ǰļڳԵúãҲ߸׳׳ģ߶Ѿļˡ
ټڴԼδѧʱҲ˵䶷߹굹ǲ󣬵ȴʮʮġ
ֻ˵ͣͣô;Ϣأ
ǼֺվһϢһӣһֺоԼȶ첻Լˡ
˵ֱվһļˣ˵ꡰյĿγ̾͵ɡ֮󣬼Ҳ˲ԼһֱŵżˣֱӾɵڵˡ
뻹ǲһǿŶ֮ǰģȥǵͿҩʹĵط࿪ˣȻǵ߲˵ˡ
һߣһֱвżİԹԺ󣬼
Ϻүʱ㲻ǳ˵ӵֹж𣿡۵òУܳʱ򣬼Բ۵
ҪƽǱţؼһҲһ̬ظмˣҿɻлһлء
ʲôм϶Ҫлʱ򣬼ʮֲ˼飬ɼǲɵˡ
ҪǽϴˣָʦôһҪվʱء˵ɲöл硣
˵ţǼһˣոմʦԵһУͦġ
иʦУֻбһƨɡ
ⱾйĻ뵽ոǱģ
ޣ϶˵ʲôأ˼һڵ
˵ʲôлһлˣ˳㣬ҵϣҲܳٵһЩҲǶЪһ
˱;𼤣ôһ˵̾Ҫѹȥ˺졣
ĳ棬Ҳ˲ԼþͲ߲·ˣæҪȥȰһż⣬һüϽģæòֺ
ܣסԼסּúֺ
ôһܣ游ǡֺҲ۵òУŲԸȰ˵Сأ˸۵
ּҵģִҲ׾Ϳʼ䣬֪ܲͷһ֮ȽűȻúܡ
ǶִƲܣɱִҩ͹ⶣҩһøֺһȡ
ҩùãһ㣬ۡҩϸֺȵʱֻҪһСȶǣֺۡ
ҩҲ֪۵ĵطöఴһŻһЩȻҪ߲·
Լ׿ųĸ⸱ģҩۣܲүҲǣͻСһҪ飬һ߻ϰģ
Һȥ游Ƕ飬ôЪһ졣ֺҲҵ
ֺҲͷһ֪ԭ͹վ۳
һȥͿʼϱԹʦʵҲ̫ϿˣȻվһЪЪɰҸ۵ġ
ģȥҷ鷿ҩȴҰԸ
֪ǸǶΣǾޱȥүǶҩҲȵô˵̾͵ֺ
ֻ֪ĸҲһҡⲻ⺬˵һ䡣
үôˣﻹҪۣǸͻСءЦ˵
̺ôҲЩ
˵ţͻȻ;ʪԼԼʼˡ
춹죬ȥŹҺҪˡŶ˵
үɿŸʲôһ̽׼˵ģ춹һ˷ϣ춹Աߴվż⣬æ˵
춹ǾģټһֱϹܼңҲС
ܽأȥźŮ˳㣬Ҳ׼á
ҩȥү̫̫һ˳׼ˮ
춹Ͻ˲ԺͻȻ뵽ʲôأĶ
̷ģʱӦء춹Ҳû룬ֻο
У춹ȥźҲġԼʱûãѾѧˮҲġ
춹ˣֻаѺ춹ɵֺȥϣϲܷ
ҵ̣ⶼʲôʱˣǶҩ϶ϵúúõġ
ʱǶԺæҵʱҪүǸµģ춹ʱȥ
ҲĺǶ춹ȥҲãôȥΡ
춹ƲվڲͷѰļ⣬˵̣үͷأôүȥź
үڶԺҲûʲôãȥǶţһ̷ģҲʡְš
ϲǲֺһˣ춹üȥź׵ϵҲġ
Ǿôүȥţϸŵ㡣
춹ԣæгȥ
ŴæµһͷվҲǣҲǣ춹æʵ춹ô֪ҸøЩʲô
үĸأͷȥŵ춹
Gãȥúܣ춹ֱӾӦ
عǣ԰춹в̵ġ
үȥźɣҲ̷ġ춹żŽȥϵүҲﲻæǰء
ЩѾֲãź춹˵Ҳе
ºΪţæȥԺ￴ֺ


54 
ϱʷŵвŵģþʷ϶˱أҲæһ
ӣԺվһ㶼ңҲɵø̾һ䣬̣μзء
ᣬеѧأҪʷϼ̿Լϱ϶˼ֹʣֻǫ
̡̫̫˵ʷϺ;ˣ춹æ
Σʷʵ
ãֻ˵Ҫʱ̫̫ҪȻȥ춹̽ʵ
ʷڣҲĲ١
ϻúþòһһҹеģҪʷŵȣ춹ҲʷϻԼ̲£ϲԼ̡
£ţ̧ǡʷЦ˵
ˣǶ֧ݵҰɽΣոճüǸˣԧȥ˸ʷ˵
ȱĺöء춹Ҳ֪Ұɽβõã˵ݵҰɽΣǶģæлʷϡ
һˣʲôллģʷæ춹ֻȥͷ̣ͷǿء
ʷͷţһŷЩأ
мŮͷ˵ǲڲͷţӰġ
Ǵүأʷ˸СѾͷʵ
СѾͷոձСˮŸոնˮ֪ⱻȥżֺ
ūҲûүܳȥ˰ɡǳĲżңСѾͷҲûż⣬ֻǼˡ
ϱڸͷӣ˲˵ģʷҲ֪ȥĶˣȥѰ
ͷӣ⵹ǲˣ⴫˳ȥҲֻᱻ˵Ǽûء
СѾæӦˣҪȥҼ⡣
GǸСѾͷҪԼȥѰæѾͷԼȥңĶҵõү
ȥʴүСˣҲ֪ȥͷѰЩСȥһҡ̵
СѾͷ¶ӣҲûӣԺ˼ӣСѾһȥҼ⡣
ȴ˵⵽ֺǶʱҩڸֺء
ֺæվôˡ
ţڰֵ㡣
ֺᣬӣּϿҪˣĿһæʼôˡ
һ˲䣬ֺԺֲõ顣
ǰ޸ĸܵĸ֮Ѳɡ
ֺԼЩŵɫˡ
ģû£ءæ˵
¼ֺģֻ˵û£ɼֲֺʲôСҲиʱѲģܲż
Ǽֺ֪ȫ춹Ҳܶһ棬ۿܾﲻ
ǻȥԺɣɵˡֺżתһȦһȦ֪Ҳţæ˵
вУ㻹СأֳȥġȻƽӶӿӹˣɴȴһ㶼
֮ǰʱ򣬼ڲſڣʹһһ˳Ѫˮ⵱ʱŵȶˣȺһ̣ھ񼫶ȽԺٷֱӾ˹ȥ
⵱ʱԼüֺȥԺţʱСӼҼҵñŵ˷ǲá
ǾͰţãٹȥȰ
ֺһֱŵļ⣬룬ѵ⻹ǰţ
ҩùãҵȥȥֺҲ⣬ֻҩ˵
ҩȻҲϣȴҲ򲻸üֺȥԱЩԥֻ⣬ϣһֺ
⵹Ҳֻżֺ˵ţǵǺúһõ֡
ֺȻҲϣδõֺ֣ȷʵȤ
ǰҲûʲôѪֵܽãڶ϶ĺӾ͸һЩ
պһãûẰ硣ϾʱԽһ壬һס
ûóݵĿ⿴Լ˵ð
Ҫ²ƢʱҲ̸ܻ壬ֺѾˣʱθý
˽Ȼֺ֪ȡֲԼɼֺҲ˺ö顶˵Ľ֡ŸԼһһõ֡
ֺѡ˵Ľ֡ˣ˲֪ٽźԢõ
⣬ֺֻǼҪõ֣Ҫ֡
˵Σô
ĸ֣⻹һ£һԼǸء
ǸֺȻһдȻָⰲֶãԢһƷи߽࡭
ǣǲôװɡ񣬼ЩڸֺδŮ֣ƣһô
ţҪӦùŮ֣˵ϴ𲻴Ӧ˵üִ֪ĳŮȡôһ֣ܴԼĹȡ
ּ汲ʳʱ򣬶ûĹȡôְɡ
˵ȽŮˣҪ֪úȡģǻΪָϾŮϵ
ֺʱ򣬻ੲݵøⰲԼȡء
Ⱦֱ֦ͨ[1]룬ҼֺãҲƷи߽֣
ˣ˺ܾãͻȻ뵽һ
ǼҵĹҲ󲻹ģֵһȡģùãҲǸһеģøôء
ǡֺŹȷʵǴżвԵ󣬵ҲʵڲԸԼôõĺֻ֣˵ǲ
⣺
ԭүҵˡСѾͷ˰죬˵үѰˣ˼ֺȻڣæȥ
ҼǵǶԺѾߡֺ൱úãǶԺЩɨСѾߣҲϳ
ԺСѾôҴҵѰ⣬Ĺؼʱ
ϴԼġ
ֺȻΪЩãŷǵѰ˼⣬ȥִ֡
ֺҲ벻СѾߺͼⶼ˲ˣֻæԺܹȥ
ʲôԭҲû룬ǿֺܳȥԼҲһţһ׷żֺͷȥһʼֺ
ֺĶϲˣʲô˼⡣
һת۵ĹҩͿżֺͼܳȥˣ׷׷ϣӰ쿴ˣֻֻСѾߡ
Ժʲô飿ôˣҩʵ
СѾʱԼһ±أôû˵껰ү͸ˣûûʲô鰡
ûʲôֵżæŵҴүҩöСѾˡ
̫̫үڣūҵİСѾκ˵
㰡㰡ҩһ˵СѾߵԴҲ֪㡣
ѶûأҩҲ˲ɵɵ㶵СѾߣæһѸԺȥ
ֺżæŵܵԺſڣͷҽһһ¡
ôˣʷתͷոտֺһ£æ˵ҩҲ֪ô£Ҳŵʱøԧ죬죬Ѹͻȥ
ֺ̧ͷʷϺ;ɫãҲ˲٣òˣʷҲһ㶼żֺ׻Щġ
ĸҲߣҰֺҪһʲŷġ
ûأԹԻȥ飬˵ܵܣܵܺòãʷȰ
ʱ̫ҲûϵʹȻǻûûܹŸϵԺ
ʷϿȻһ֪Ժأ
ҡ
ոҪʷ׵ʲô㣬ϱͷӣ㵹Ǽ֪ȥͷˣӻˣұȻǡ
̫̫ԩˣҸոջأⲻºˣȥô⻹ίأǱ춹Ӱ Ŵ򷢵ȥġ
һʷԽˣ㿴ǿܹСӼҼҵı˿ô죿
ոܹʱ򣬼ֺΪ˶С˵ģɵˣԵЩˡ
Ϊֺڲͷʹ͸Ӱ˼֡
úӣȸԧȥʷϿɲüֺܵܳˣĸȻòã
ҳʱù˵ҪɹأҪȥùҲὨ
ͷţֺοߣһֱ죬Ҳ˵ֻǾǲ϶
ֺʷõ˼һۣӶסǸ鳡
ٲߣҾֻܺǰ㱧ȥˡʷϻֺ
ĸ϶û°ɣֺͷʷϵ
İɣֲͷ̥˵ˣŮҽҲ˵̥λƹ˶þܸóˣԣȥɡ
춹ҲӲϸôո˵˸һأԣȥɣͷء
ֺŷԹԸԧȥ
ոճţѰֺҩ
Ǹϸˡҩ
ô£æҵʱҲøøһԺһʲô¿ô죿ԧҩҲٲһ䡣
˵ǣҲأнڡڼֺŵʱҩͻȻ뵽ƽ̶ǧģһֱ˵߲ˡ
˵ү͸ںͷ˭֪үͲǸŵӡ
Ҳøһ·ԺģҲûʲô飬Ҫʲô£ֱѴˡ
ôˣǹģʲô飿ֺԼôװǸˣǴģʲô顣
ǣǴˣԧֺֻСװأæūȥǶòã
ˣ˸
ֻò˵ôһ䣬ȻΪ˯˹ȥ
лҪ˵
ֶֺҾҪ
[1]ԡ˵ܶ


55 
Щл㱣·ǽʲôξ
СԺΣҲǶأö̾Ǽõġһ˵
ȷʵҲжʮӰɣͶҲסˣһ˵ˣظҼĸϻţʵǲ㣬·Ҫõɻ鷳ðء
Ȼң廹ʲôĵġˣ壬治үģɺôҲҶ̣ɲܿ
˵ģֲǲ֪Ҽĸϻŵ磬ʵȴвˣֻһұ㽫̽ӵǸȥͷȥ
ϲ֪Ϊʲô;ǰ·ոĸ⻰˼ôҪƵġ
һģеĶ̱ǸΪֳΪ壿
ûףⳡѾתǡ塱̡ɻʱ
⵹һ㶼檣߰ң
ûĵ֣ʹ컨εų⣬СԺȴѰ˼Ȣͷӵų
СԺͷõһƬͮͮģŴ϶ɫϲ֣˵ϲ򣬺ɫıһӦȫ
⵹һʱ֮Щ͸ˡ
ûãɹҲһСιˡ
үˣ컻·ȥðɡСԺŵСæ˽ţСѾҲæҳɫ·ϡ
Ѿ˲ϣʲôòˣֻǸԭһ·ذ׵ġ
ҹӣ꣬Ѿǿ϶ɫ·Тڡ
ϱ뷨һѲǸħ
ͣȢТڳףһֻҪͱȥ˵Ǽּˣżûһ
ֱȥһƣȴֻһԹһǰأֻǼɫ·һԡ
ûֹǳƵĻ¶û꣬תѹˡ
̿ˣ춹æѾС¯˲ʱ˲μȺȿڼ
أûԼ߿ӣæʵ
ոձ豧ȥιˣͻ춹Ϊϵĺǲǽæ˵̷ģɴˣһǸ׳ʵġ
Ǹ϶Ժ춹ӽֵú䵭Ǻ⺢ӵԱƵġ
̵ˣ˻Ӷรأ̵Ƿϲɣ춹ЦѲ̻۸ˣ
в۸ֻҪģϽһ䣬ɿɫȴǵġ
ãιѶ˻춹æ˵ϵĴǰϿ
ƣǶö࿡š춹Ŷ˵
˵ֻǸճСӣĺƵģʱ򶼻ûܰ趼󵽡
ȻҲͮͮģǴٵӰȴܳδķ绪ǵۣ֪ҪԵٹҡ
ԿԼոĶһ۱㿴˶ĵֱۣԼǸһģһ
ԭͶԶмָӦϣѾԶ˼ֵĲϲ
ܽ͵ܵ𣿡ֺſʵ
ˣ춹żֺ˵
춹ʶԼòƲôϲųĸԲ˵Ĺϵأֺˣ춹Ҳһ
ˣԼԼʱͱ˺ɻء
ȴվԼǰͻȻһΡ
ôҲֻһΰˡ
˵ˣСأֻҪúõؽ̣Ѳɻ½̲ø
ϵ˲ͱˣΪŻû飬ԼҶӵģˡպСͿʼǹء
ܵȥкֺ
ֺڶе㲻ţôúõãȡˣôͱɵܵˡ
ֺǰûиܹйͬԼ飬ԼҵܵܺģССֺ֣̲סȥһ¡
ֺ˶֣ûǼֺһֵĸо
Ѫĵܵˡ
ֺС֣˵ã˳СӵܵܣüֺЩʧ
ʱҪǼֺ϶õȤ
ǵܵܣһ壬ֺѾõõܵܳļ飬õ֪ܵʲôʵţõܵܺúζһֳİ
ֺ̲סһ䣺ѵ治𣿡
ⳤҲ̫һ˰ɡ
ֺƿٿһ治ǹⶺԼ˵Ǹɡ
ѵϲܵܣ춹ЩżҪǴҲһҪһãǶǲĸִǶɰ
ܵܺöãֻҪǰҶϲֺѶͷ˼һԺ˵ܸܵܿһЩҿԴһϰ䡣
Ӳϰ䣬ôΪֺĵܵܣֺʾǿ϶ҲǸϰİ
ֺţܳˣʮ˸ľˣ̵ܵܶ飬ʦõܵϰ䣬ѧȫţôֺĵܵܡ
šȵܵٴһЩҾͽ̵ܵ 
أֳĿɵü縺̵׵ܵЦŵ٩ǺھͿˣ׽̵ܵʲôã
ҼֺĵܵܣɲþʷӼû᣿ֺƤ˵ѧԱǷǣϰǿ壬Ҳõܵѧϰɡ
ҩ˵ԼȥϰأǸܵܰˡЦŵ˵ֺԴ
ѧԱǷǡĬһ䣬ͻȻ˼֡
ԺпˣܵһɷΣͻȻʵ
ֺòһѪĵܵܣȻֵøܵ׽вԸģ
ֻһ˼Ҹɣǲǰǧôɷɵģ
ֺãɷҲȷʵҪϾ˼ʱͷͷǵɷΪݹԷɹĸҲҪϼ֡
ȥ鷿Ǵɷֺ
ǰǸɷ뱾ҲȷʵֺͬԼҲöɷһ¡
ɷֶǿƾٵʱдõĵƾٿˣ˹٣һҲõõ
ȻˣΪҪǣѧɷҲܸõԼʡЩΥɵ飬Ǵһˡ
ûգҲðֺܵ
ɲУ˵ǸɷöԼˣѶǶ㲻˵ġϷ
˵ʲôţҲûֻᵽѡ
ż棬Ҳ˵˵Ѻ֮Ļֻһˣү֣үǶжۣ
ֺǼִƷȡģֻҲɼִȡأʵ
ү˵Լһء˵˵
ôҲǸģأִƵҲûٸȨֻüԼȡ
ɼִ֪ŵģ¼ȡŵ֣ȶˣֵĺ壬ɲ治Тȥ
ֻ˵üȡˣϺϲʡ
ӵȡʱȿʼ˷ܵòУ޲õһԭ鷿Щװõ飬һ֣϶̾ĺ֡
Ȼ󣬼֣ⷢԼòȡˡ
ԴڼֺǶһδŮСжôõ֮󣬼µʱԼıŮȡ֡
˺þã˲ٵ飬ȡһʲôӡָ壬Ӻ
ԣ⾹ȻȫŮ֡
ԼҶǸ
ܲøֹŮɡ
̾ãǶȡʲôֱȽϺãջǾ֮׵ĶȨ
ţǸֱģ袡мΣ˵
вУôǼֲáԴӾԺ󣬼ֶ᲻Ҳעˡ
ǽмõΣ
ҲɣǼûַ
үʲô˼һ飬ҲЩˣүԼȡαƵġ
ạ̇̄ǡпԣ֪νͣԼڶֶеúܡ
ֺڱ˵м
вУнôֵġ⻹ûȼֺ˵꣬æϵ
ҽҲˣȻɵҲ˼ôеġҪǸô֡
µʱȶˣҪ֪׸ȡôһֵ֣ǽǰ
үģû˵أүȷˡŭ
ǣ̣ҡ⼱ܲöôһкмְɣ
Ҫõܵܽˣֺ룬õۣôԼϣܵ䣿
˵ǣ֮ǸһҺͶֵܡֺ
ڴֺͷ֣ȡãǾͽмɡ
лҪ˵һʱԺ
ⶺż˵ϣСȻˣɰ
ϣүǲŵȻȡĴºţ㻹Ƕ׵
⣺ң


56 
ǶӳֲǼģ⻹ǵֵ˼ȥϰ¡
Ұɣʵ̫ˡǶǸϰġԼϴջǼⲻϰա
Ҳ߯ЩҪǽϴãһЪһաһվһ߶Թ
ֻվôһС;̫ɹϣۣҲмͬĻ
ôҲϻǸȽֱˣΪԼôճֶġ
ΪԼٱ뷨תˣ磬ȡˣ
ǰ֣ЩҧгݣҪǺôûֵȡ֣ƾϱһٰۡ
ٿһϢһȨļֺϢ
ͻȻӿȥӵˡ
ȥʺˣ⳯żֺķŬŬȡ֣Ͷ޳Ʊ
úȡ֣֪ͷԵɣһֳܵܵģһͺ壬ʹɩ˼
ֻΪڳأǷǷ˵ҲԣҲү̫̫û˼ȻҪҸȡֵĻͲмˣӦýмֹ
ʲô˼Իҩˣô˵ǹЩͷԡ
ãֺҲûվˣʵǺ棬˼ֺһ䣬㵽׸ǼҶȡʲô֣
ãüĪǣֺȡмֹˣ
Ǽȡ֣Ǿɺֲ׵ˣοɩҲͬġ
м֮һҵܵܣΣֺԼʵȡòЩɪ
ǳԡʵ ȷʵȡòǾֵܣһǱвܣϣܵܳɲء
̲ס˼һۣĺ֣ҪһûӣҶԸԼҸȡ֣粻ϲѲ٣֪պ󻹵ÿأ⡶ܻҪѧһѧİɡ
Ŷү뿼٣ԭǲԸЩӵĻģ仰岻ɵһ
ǰҵ˵Ҫʿءֺʼӵ
һֱҪִƵֻ֪֮Ǽ򵥵ؽһ̸ĹӸһ䣬ǿһ塣־ã̫ˡ
˵Ҫ٣¡
˭֪ٹĴǽҪ̫ӣڶ֪Ķء
ҪܰѼǽǲǱٹĶ顣
С˶ҲЩĵãɣүպϿεգֺͷǸͬĵԺѰңٽҪЩ
ǡҡҲ뿼١Ͳ޲Լ죬һ£Լû뿼١
ү뿼֮Щɻ
ʦҵԼ˵Ҫ٣ʱ򿼲Σͽ˳Ц˵ġֺæһ
үǻ־ġһҿүϰһͷϵҲмֻȻҪ٣ҲͲˣһҪö
Ѿ粵ĶҪûˣף⵹ùӣ˭Ҫ˭ؼȥɡ
Ҿͦõġǿ˵һ
ȻҲۣǺ赶ŪǹȻǾãɱҪöˡ
嵹Ҳûֻ˵ҲǣҲã
⻹ôͻȻô˵ˣ˵ٻÿ̹أȷʵöһôȵһ㡣
Ȼү˺ѧǾպÿնһʱɡ
ǣôͺѧˣ⵹ҲΪӲҰɣ
ԣص㲻Ӧ
Ϊף⣬үñȴҶվһʱվļҲˣҲˣΪԼҴҵһ
ţ๤
ԼվۣǿվǾҲۣһԿʱ
ȻȥɣҿŴߡżͼֺ˰ֵ
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ֿĳ棬ǿ󣬿϶ְ
ŴվҲ׼᲻̲Ȱ
϶ŵ㣬۵òУñָָܵ㣬Ҫ廹ⶼóȥˡ
ʵүվã֮׼ġһ乫үҲԳѧһѧ׼
û϶ɵöѧһѧҡһ˾񣬺޲Լٱ׼һЩڼǰɪ
㡭
壬̫¶Ȱȥ£˶÷֭
ҪټȥأͿֺ֣ȥº÷֭
ϴڴ̫վţȵҪԼ£÷֭ϴͻȻãûʲôҪ۵ˡ
㿴Ϸţŭ㶼ˣ
ⲻ㻹վһʱôֺƤЦҲģԵĵһ¶ӡ
ǣΪʲôȥǵң
ӰͻȻãԼòᵽԼү࣬ôôüʮꡣ
ʦҲ̫ҰվˣԼͳɣֺתͷڱ÷֭һ
ԭҲþǿڸʱ򣬼ֺкһ÷֭嵹ҲƳ٣ҲżֺĻȥ¡
⣺ҵĺô
ôһʱĺôͷԳԺȺȣʦųԸˣѹû˹Ļи̫ɹ
Լôһʱᵽů˶Ӷǿӻʵ
ȵһʱԺȺǶԳԺȺȵҲעֱӾͰߡ
ôҲȵңֺæ׷ȥ¸ء
ȥʦȥѰʾԼѾ岻ˡ
ֻҰֺ
ֻԼ飿ͻȻ;ԼͦõģƣôⲻԼô
ʲô°㵹˵˵װֵʵ
֡
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ٹĵմӣڼּһͷҲǵ֧һеģȻˣȡ֣ɲ͵üǽȥô
⵹ҲȷʵǸ¡ֻСϲӶӣڴϻġ
дǳּ峤飬ڽļּʮۣھ˷ĵճǾˡ
ִȥ֮峤λþ͵˼־־ȥ˵ʿȻȻΪּҵ峤Ǽˡ
⳯żֵ
壬ôˣƨƨߵؾܹˡ
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⿪ʲôĶй̶ǵģҲʲô£źǹƾ֪ˡ
۶򵥵飬ⶼ峤
־֮ǰִѹŰеĵ˼䣬λѾü̳С
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ǵ飬ٽֺͷǵǼǵãֻǼִǶţ峤֮λôֲЩ仧ȻҲӡ
Ҳ뵱峤˵
̳оλϴˣԭպڸû˹ˣһҪ̳оλ
ǵ峤ʲôãǴЩëƤС£ûʲô˼ȻҲԸҪ峤λá
ȻҲǼԸԸҪ峤λõ顣
ϾּҺôҲһھǻڽ궼յĴ塣
ļ壬һûڵİӵ峤ģ
ƫƫҲͼôһˡ
ٹҲҪģӺպյģҲûҪ峤λãʡû˱˵ռıˡ
ԣ⵹Ҳû취ֻü־ټ峤
Ҳûʲô£ֻЩëƤС¡
ֻǣ£ȴǵ峤
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ĻԺ󣬼ޣ͵ðִ׻ȥһ׮¡
ɼ־ⲻǻɽϵĵﲻô
ٲֵȥһؼ־
żִƵ˼ԾҼ־Ҫ峤ӡţʱͷҪҲ㡣
ȼ䳤ˣٰӡŸ
лҪ˵⣺ҵĺôԺɵúúýˡ
Ժ
⣺ӡ


57 
ãǱԹϰʵ̫ˣԹŲԸȥϰ䡣
ִƾбҪٸϿΣһ²οҲøһƤӡ
־õĲοôִԾʹһӣüżֺȥҼ־Ҫӡš
ȻΪҪĻǵǿһ־ڵ۵ӣʡʲô˼
Ϊӻܵܺ͵ù˫ؿǵ˵Ҫٵ£һϰ䣬ϱæµ˵ӡ
òһԷŸ磬ãҲģҲģһжôá
˵Ȼɽ˵㣬پðĽһֻҪξˣٲƵģһģæøŽżƵġ
Gһɽ̾
ǲǷˣֺſڼⱳϣȥͷ¶ȣȷ󲮵ôù
ǿɲ㿴ðʱΣⲻǻаôֺ룬ʱ䣬ǿȥ׸ӿӳԣߴֻɽ
䱻˵öҪĶˣͲˡ
ǲˣǵۿƿˣҪ޵ֻ˯éݡֺͷߵ
ֲƵɵǵʺĵطƲƲ۲ã۲ɣ
Ǹ֪ܲҵԭҲѡĺõطֻϧֲǲ֪Ƣ
Բһ£ԼҪ˵ȥ޵ԼүʲôӦӲŵöһ¡
ǲôŶ
ˣǲǲ޵¿϶Լġ
ɽԺ󣬼Ϳһ꣬ޱ߷ڴɨ
ǵãʱǸϵ˵Լӡ
ʣ϶λʦ֮һˡ
ţôԼҾ˼ʦܣֵܻ޵ôضö˼ҿһ㡣
λʦ֣һ£Ǹм־ĵĶѰЩ顣ǰ˸Ҿ
òû뵽ǣӭģȴǸʿһơ
Gôˣŭ
ϸ˭
˭㶼ܴ˰ҪǱָߡӡ
壬еҵֿһǸݵĵʿ˵
ô˵ǲ˽㶼֪ǰɾ
ٿʿģһͲֱ׳
ҪϸֺȻ־Ӵֻ࣬ҪϸһҲܴĺԼ־Ӱӡ
־ҲϵذԼĺӣ¶ԼòҲü⿴Щ
磿ˣ־ԭε廹Щ࣬ɵ׼ּ˵òǶ
΢һЩճúãһʿӷһӣǿȥҲŷһӵ
ͷ棬·õģһޱ߷ũ˵ӣȫûеǸҹӵӡ
˶ﰡ־мָڵģǸԵģͷ⸱ӣΪһزƽο⻹ľ硣
⵱Ҳ˲ü־·ϵۣż־ż־ɨѣһµ־һȦ壬ֱӾصؿˡ
ʵ̫ˣԵĶԼ֣ÿ첻͵õˮأɵΪֹҲЪý¹¾־òˣԣҲ̲סҪ
־ȷʵ֮оԼ޵ô޵ģ
Ҫ˵֮ǰļ־ȷʵﶼûʲô˼Ĳ㣬ûоˡ
˵ˣǾ͸õ÷ʱҷ֣һʿңڲǡ
ֺαΪ»ѰѰ٣أ
ɼ־ʳӶԼ֣־ŷ֣ǵʿҲңڡ
־ͻȻԼòʧȥ˵ʿɡ
绹Լֲˣȫţ˹𣿡
ҲּžԼֲ˲ףѰգֲ֮⻹ֿѼءֺãԼ׵Ǹӣһ㶼ûʶ
㾴ֲͨũˣء˵˵ţ־ָ׷ĺֿ࣬ʼˡ
ׯϵȺѵÿͳԺ㣿Ҳŭ
ȻҲϲһֱ֪ѹԼ飬²ܵĵ
ɿ־ҲЩġ
常⽻ׯϸǵͶ־Цһ˵޵ˡ
־۵òУֲԵʱֺγû棬ԼүӣȥɽµǸׯҪ
ɣ뵽ģѲɼִ벻ͰЩ·Ӷ־µˡ
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֮ļ־ָֻ˼ԭүģǽʲôģ
ܾܲһɣǻ⣬Լӣ־ܻϣԼͷء
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ǿ˲Ժļ⣬Щ˼ʼ־Ҫӡˡ
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Ǻȡģмò֣Ȼ˵˵ȡ˺֮˼
ҲȷʵǸ֣־ˮѾЩĺˮˣҲ˲٣Ҹ֪⣬ʵǲҪ峤ӡţ
磬ҡ
־ҲȼشֱӴԼ½ͳһöСӡµСӣӡžȷ常Ƚˣȷ峤֮ţǾͰӡŸûУǾ常ʱ˵峤ɡ
ңӣѧ䣬ˡһ
أ󲮣ˡֺҲ䱳
ΪּҴתŬ˰뱲ӡ־пһˣɡ
ü־Ҫ飬־˵תģҪ
ֺһѼ󲮣Щʱ򣬾˳ȻЩ
ð˳˳޹ˡ־̾һӡžȥɡ
־峤ӡ⣬Ҫɨѿʼɨ
磬ҪҪǻȥɡԥõ
ҡһܻȥ𣿡־ѾˣҲ֪Լ޵һ޷ȥˣĲ˵ͱ˼䡣
ԭиʿĹͺԺĹ٣Ҳûˡ
־֪Լܻȥʲô
οмִǸɷǶء
ʲôܻܲȥģֲûȡŤ˵һ
ȷʵǲϲ־飬Ҳϲ־ֻʲôʲӵĴתģһҲӷϡ
ҲԼͷûм־ɽպӻжң
ɿ־⸱ģ仹Ǿã׵ţһһ㡣ֲʲôТӣܲü־ͷĿࡣ
͸ǻȥɣãɶֳɵģҲȰǼҶСӵ¾ƣ󲮵ȥȰɡ϶ҲҪɻˣֳѲɻ͵ȥæӭ
мŤü־ȥмȰ˵־ֱлȥ뷨ɲһļô
£ҲӡˣԾͰѼ־ȥˡ
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ô߷޵ӵĵûʲôøУߥż־Ͻߡ
ҼȻҪߣôҲø˵һ־
ʲô˵ġôЩԸ
ûŰң־ڹǾ𾴵ģôˣÿֻҶ࣬١
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Ҫˣûȼ־ڣһۼ־ļˣѾµ־ҪˣҲƽ
ǣˣǵӻδնϷ־Щ˵ʱıⲻۣʱҪնϷҪ޵ȷʵˡ
ʰʰ߰ɡûйֱӾü־ߡ
⡭־Ϊôһ¡
ٹѰ۵ʱ򣬾˵϶£ǱǮҲֻ֧µס޷ѡԼĳ˵
ȻˣǮɻǲ˵ġ˸Ц
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ˣͷԼֵˣҪȥ˳һ˸
˰ɡ־Ͱ͵˵ʶؾͲǾ֪ӡ
ҵֵĲˣĿأǼͼֱ²ˣҵôȥﳢǣ岻ڣȲֵľүֲ˵ʱ򡣡
䣡־Щ߳ŭ
磬ɵöεȥǣһƬɽʿֵĲˣɵöɵȥҳҲմֺҲԱ䡣
Ҳ˿ҹҪ˸ڴ˾ӡ
棬ûٸ־վͬˣżͼֺһµȥˡ
ښGξͰΣɱ̣˰־ԭʱӣֻԹۼβˣɵһˣ͵ʱʵ̲סˡ
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Ҳεòˣǻȥɡ־ԼְһЩԺ˵
ʵǰεõҲ࣬Ϊԭͼֺεʱ򲻵·ֲСģȻһЩ
ȴҴӵʱ򣬼ֺͷһͷֲ˵һƬ
ߵʱõµׯӣһʳɡֺ˵
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ô죿Ƿһ
ҰˣƤпԳԵġ־ƽػش


58 
ǵոյ֣͸ûؼҵļִš
ոڵʱ򣬼ظ˵ü־ȥ˵ɣɶʮ
ԼִƵʱ򣬼⻹ǿʼ֧֧
˵־ˣˣҲҪģִƣ־ڵؾ㡣
ˣ־û뵽ִƵķӦͦƽģûҲû̷ŭ˼־ͻصȥⷴӳһԶţջ
常־Щηη
ôҪʿˣִһԵֲնˣ
־˵ֻ֣ګګ
ҪҪʿ˵Ҳ޷ֻԭǼּҳļ̳ˣй͹ȻǲԺȣڳ̳͹Ҳûˡ
δΪףҲû㵱һõ϶ܳʳҲеİɣִҪμ־
ִü־Ѽеӷת£ҲһΪ˽С
Ҫ־ⲻͺͼ־ٵһôԼҾĿ࣬¾Ͳ
үôҲǹӣС緢ˡ
ֺĶͷԼ׵೤һ찡˵游˵⻰Ϊļƻ̵棬˵⻰һüԴ
˵ԼԸԸҲÿ¶ӵͷо̹أ־
ոҪſڣִѵ
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ִƾûôĶӣò״̨úýһ̼־Ƕ̨
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ִƺ˼һۣŶż־˵ҲûˣͶһ飬ãѧȱأ常һ㣬һ¶ʮÑֻҪٺѧΣ
־ԭͻżּҴתģвԸġ
οһֻжʮҲԱڵۺöˡ
˵ǶԼ־Ҫ޵Թɼ־⸱ӻҲټƽˡ
ü־סԺȥȴҲԸ⡣
þ˵ִư˼־ȥѧ飬ʰһѧСԺӣֲС˹ȥ־ǲ

תۼͿ쵽˼óɻˡ
ɥȢҴ˵ǶԼҵ棬ÿйأеòãǶЦԼҶ
ϳԺҲʷϷֵһּϵĲ¡
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˵Ҫϲʷϱ϶š
·أټ˼ңϲͷٵƣǶǰͷӿѰġ
ϲҪʱһϲĽȣʱҲˡ
̫̫Ϣ˲ϴżѾǽѾ߸Ŷ
ôʱˣʷϼϽ֣ʵɺãǰҹޣǰҺүˡ
˵ǳʷҲ˺ȻûôϲˡƫƫȫŸĸŵ㳤ãȺСʱҪѩɰϼ֡
ʷϲúõģԼߵѾ߶Ҫɫõģܽź
ÿɰʷȻҲͶ֡
οٹֻмֺͼһе㲻ãﶼġ
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׻СҲǿǵ˯ˣǼֲòӣٲѰ裬ʷ˵Ȱһ䣬ɱίǸ
̫̫˵ãֲĺܲЦ
Ҳƾһ䡣ԭϱôӣʷҲܡ
ϲˣʷϿϴļѾĶʵ
ӴӣԼĶͷһµҲ˸̫̫˵ˣ巿ǶѶүϲˣ̫̫ơ
ϴùһӣչʷϿҲöүԿ磬вʵĵطҲٸȥ
˱ʷ϶ˣƵĹӣǼҵϲÿүϣǾӢˣҲ֪ʱҪԵˡ
˿ԼİĶӣʷȻԽ֣һ˵أ·
һˣ󻹸˼ͼֺ
ôҲˣʷϿֺԺæкżֺȥְѵŲֺϣҪҪԵģ
˵Ҫϲǵ֡
ֺ⻰һͺ޲ϼһڣԼþ֪ҲͰˣźһ֡
Ѿкͮͮ·е㺦ˡ
ƣǶүǲ˼ءЦŵ٩һүȥϲǿвĵطҲָˡ
ɣͷɩɩˣҲҪˡô˵棬Ǽ⻹أ󣬴˵γЦԼ
˵оġʷϵԧ죬źǶүȥơ
ûֻܱԧŽȥ·
ֺۡ·ļһڸ˳
ԭտص¬ҹ￴ϣҲƾһòҲȫƵĿǡ
νľðװɣνһڰٳټϼԭҲúãһӡ
ǣⲻǱִƱȥô
ôЩʦҲûɶվˡ
ͷͶúܣ̫ģôµɹɲͺһȦô
ֻǣΪҶÿնģÿɹôһ㣬û˲ˣټϼһֱǵɫ·ºڵҲԲ
ּԭҲϰģүһ㷴ǸԵһ㡣
ԵҲû⡣
񣬼һɫ·ڴɫӳ£ⲻԳô
һֺ̣뵽˵״ԪʱŴνֵ¬
üһⲻպһˣϺɫ·Ӷһģһ
ֺɣҪǴһȥף¬￴һڵķϣҲΪѼüһ·ͨĽӭװɡ
ǺˣʷϼֺԸ˳æҪȥֺˮŲתͷģ
ʷϲûȣˮ˵òײŰҲû˵
ڿһͷһĹЦ϶㴩·ԵãչûйУ̲סˡ
·Ժ󣬵ҲûչӣֻͭճӰǷƵģžеԼ޳·Ҳ壬ⲻͳô
Цͷԣԭվӵʱͦ׵İôҲ⵱ôֵܣܲ˽⣿
ΪԴϲЩɬٱôһЦҪʷǻҪŭ˦ˡ
˿ûƽʷϣֿ˿Цôļ⣬ĿͶ˼ֺ
߶壬һʲô𣿡ִϵ´һԼĴţûʲôⰡ
壬㻹ǵ¬Ҷ𣿡ֺҲֱ˵ڵòУϺɫʵǷ̫
Щɻ󣺡ôˣ
¬ǼСӣܲǵô
ھֶҲҲʼŵˡ
ֺҲûеθڵ˼ǿЦ˵һ״Ԫʱ¬ʮ񡣡
¬ǵ״Ԫʱ¬
ʲô׵ģ˵ڣ
ʫԻ˵òҲûôҪһۼں
ҲڰǷǷ˵
ҲҪƽϺڲڵ⡣ڰء
ҲڰԲӦ䡣
㡭Ǽԭôòˣ仰Ҳ̲סƷ
ޣƾʲôҶ̫ôˣ˾Ȼһ㶼ûڡ
ǲ·ĺɫЦŴԲýٸĸģүʲôĵطʱһˡ
ҿҲͦģڵͺڵ㣬ҲԵӢЩʷϷӦԺҲ˵
佫˼ҳģֺͼ޵˶佫ʷϵĹүôҪһ׳һźÿģԭӵЩˡ
ʷԭҲû뵽ԼԭٷĶӣͻȻīڵĳˣҲǿԷģʷϵҲû룬ο˼䡣


59 
϶ôôڣֻѻƵáڻȥ·ϣǶЦ
үһ㣬ôԼֵܡ
ʲôЦڰˣںҪЦ϶òãء
ÿǷû˴Ҳмɵġ
ԼĵúܣֻҪĵߣıԵ̽
϶ⲻҪôһεĴ£ôһɣ⻹ıԵ̽һ£Ƕ۷ܱ׵֣ȵ϶ȥ
ʲôۣĥϸϸģôŵõۣеķӣʮӲŵһУôܽأ˵ԼÿõĻױƷҲͷͷǵġ
У۾ۣ̺ôһиȥ
ޣҪȥүǶӣɱҲͽȥ˼һڣӵ˼ϣתͷԼˡ
ҲӰ˼֣Ӷüһ㣬ҲʡüһصĻϲÿ
ʱͻȻһݸࡣ
춹ҼǵһݸࣿĶˣʵ
̺Ϳˣǰ˵Ƕȷô춹ָָĲܣҼǵյǸȥˡ
ҳүȥ
̣ǲǲ̫ãոĿùγЦĺ춹ãȥ¼飬ǾǴڳأոմүū¶ү²̨ǵĲˡ
ֻƵøܽȥöү֪Ҳˡ
ū澴͸үȥ춹Ӧһ
ȵڶյʱ򣬼ϺɫϲԺرԺ£Ѿٹˣֻû˸ڼǰ¡
⿴̫վĵطΪףϣ£µ廻λã
֪Īӡ
ֺﲻ֪ҪأҲǸģſԼ׵Ͷ˴սæڳط壬
úõģôҪλˣЩͷҲû룬żֺĻֺһط
϶ûΪʲôҪҪ㻻طûʲôӦò
վλøýϣȷ
ԭͲעԼòģ˵챻⳰Цһ٣ҲûϣõҪ٩ء
ôˣҪϡüͷתͷ˵㣬϶˵ĻҲҪȢϱˣŮΪüݣôҲΪδϱǿǡ
һӣҵһӱɣʲôɫòáһ
ôǻλˣԺ󿴵վһ
֪֪ʦ˵Ҫɻˣڣ⼸վ¡
ʲôʱ򡭡
û˵꣬˵⵹ҲпԭҲҿǲˣүҲȷʵҪԼòʱ򡣡
Ҳȼٱ⣬˵ԺǾͶˣͷҲˣˣٽ
ܺˣֿԼò
ȵȥոϴͿѾܽóССһжүͿⶫ
һӣҪʲôģʧЦԼȥðɡ
ĶūҲǿүеɣóġֵܽȥ
ôܽҲǹԼҲ÷ܽӣֻ˹һ򿪺ӣŵһζ
Ҳ߯ˣһŮõģҪͿžһζòáζֲԸͿˡ

ԽٽԼҽҪ޳ȥʱ¬ͶԼԽԲ˼֡
ǸСҲԼףÿô֣Ͱҽ˸¬õܱԹ
¬õһ˵δý򳤵úÿæ¬ʵ棿۽ôÿ
ǣҲͳúÿ˼֣ѧʶҲôãһͯأ㶼硣¬һ
˼ҳúÿ¬õһúÿˣѧʶһΣ
ÿܵԣ¬ﲻõֱ֣ܵҲ֪Щ˶ôģ
ÿǲܵ԰ǺÿȢϱѽ㣬״Ԫû׽¬õܵ
ҳˣһȢһرÿĹ¬õ˵
ȢϱôܿأȻҪļ壬Ƿ£ܷһ󸾡
¬Ҫѵõܣǿ¬õһӣ־öЩտ˵ǼֱһУ˵Ҳǰ˵
ˣȢʲôϱҲܲˣǼȢһգܵøһŰɣ¬￴¬õܵ
ȻĽôãô׾Ȣߡ¬õĵ˵ֲֻһȻÿǵȨġ
ȻϣҲûٶɹ̫Ҳֻûٱúһ㣬ɵ׺ԺҲڰ׻
ΪżһϾԺڵĻҲǲˣֻϧȻǺɫģɫ·ʵӳĵڡ
·ֱĲõĶ˼ƣɵҲڸǲ˼ڡ
ӡ
Ϊ߶ͷĴ˼ң࣬¬Ǳ˼ңɼּȴԭϱģҲЩͬ
ɵǽףֲǽ𣬱ںߵĹء
ǰͷʮԹ˴ţǱߵĹأʮŹǰͷǾϱߵĹˡ
Ҳϲ˸ͷǰȥ¬ӭסԭ¹ӣŰǸĳ档
գжǺͮͮģԳϲɫӳżӺ˼֣ԭŲ٣ҲڣӲؼ֡
ΪҪһǣӭףܵһȥҲ԰ŽŮǶСӶʱ⡣
ȻֵܾͼôһôھǣּҲа˷أֵܵҲв١
ּ˱ͶúãЩװõģ˵ΣϣǾٷ磬ꡣ
ɫڼ棬ԵüԽ˵㡣
ҪǼһɫϲǲ֪ˣΪ׵ǺǼеһء
죬ӭ׵ĶˣǸϽŹ¬ֵæкԼֵܺͱֵǿʼشš
磬۽泤úÿ¬õһ߹ţһ߻ʵ
⻹м٣¹Ժʱ򳤵ǽһ񣬴ݰס¬ǼģƱ
ɱ˳ʲôˣǵǸϽŰԽԽ¬ﲻе㼱
ȵȣһ£ôҿ۽ģ¬õ˵
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ⲻ԰ôǰͷǸͷĳҲÿ¬õֿһŷ죬һɻ
¬õֿһǰͷǸǸˣпһԼø磬ֱ˵ǴͬһȾ̳ġ
һԼһֱ˵ԼΣٷ磬¬õͻȻ;ưˡ
Լֵ϶ˣúõһˣòþˣˣ¬õ̾ϢһҺԼֺôŻĸŮǲֻŻģҲԼø¶
ǲϴˣ¬ܲ¬õܵŷǰӰҿ
ֻһֻۣҪһۣ¬ܾͳĬˣǸļִأ
Ƕֽģ¬õɵ
¬ŸоĲԾܵܣԼŷ￴һۣüһôղȥīˮˣȥīȾ˸ɫ
¬ĬһŷԸŵǵˣֱӿŰɡ
磬ǲˣôüϼ״ױʫȥɣȻҲ߯ˡ¬һ
ǣ̫̫ˣڳϢԺҪӻˡ¬̾
ԵЩ֪ıͿǸոտʼţ¬ţǶ٩ġ
С֪۽򣬶ҲΪˣֱӾͿš
ϵܲ
¬ֻܳ̾һع
̣ǰͷ˵үѾӭˡһСѾ߼Ҵҵ
װôˣѸͷù¬һʱе㼱ˣһķԸ
ô£ôôżˣױûء¬ҲЩˡ
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¬ſںţűϻˡ
¬Ϊ˸ͷڵˣ¬̱Ѿˣһһҷ¬ȥÿӭ׼¬̲ûվȡ


60 
үȵһ㣬ɱˤá¬ɩǿ򶨣¬
İɣ϶ˤŵġԼãôţ¬ĵ
үҵ˼ȵЩˣõĺͷˣ͵ӻɣ¬ɩﲹһ
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ã֮ǰɩɩһ䣬˵˲ò࣬Ҳ̫ע˵òദʱǵö࿴˼ҵԸ񡣡
¬ɩⳤƪۣ¬ЩûɺôҲ֮ǰˣ¬æӦɩɩİɣҼסˡ
¬ųӰŮ˻ԣŮΡ
ż֣ʾ߹ȥ
ܰ¬üѾûŮϲ⣬ֻżʵ⼸úȥˣôڳ
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ҸСã⼸±Сżʦһϰ䡣
Ŷϰɹڵģûãڣ֮ǰƭУպҲܰ׻
ǡ
ǻ׵Ļ𣿡¬ͻȻһ
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ģСһúöԴġ
Ȼ¬⻰ܾЩֵֹģɼתһ룬˼ҰѶŮ޸Լǰ䣬Ҳǳеĵ
Ӧ
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ǰ̿ͷ˭ţΪʲô˻е
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ȫ˵ĲµҲͽˣ̰ϲӺͺͷʰãŵС
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ҵĺùⶼѾ޽ˣĻܷڡ㱻̺͹ƺ˲÷ˣֻһȰ
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ǰͷҲ˵ˣʷϲɫõģѰòÿһģõĴţҲʷߵѾߡ
ΪʷİĴӣĴѾԭǴʷ߲ȥġ
ʷƫļѾȻҲǸļ
ܽɫҲڸѾмĺá
ܽ˵ѾˣҪ֮ǰﲻ֪жٵԣ˵ܽҪŸġ
¬Ϊ¬˶ϲ˵ãΪŸĵ¬ϵϰߣ¬̫̫¬öһЩòƽƽѾߡ
Ȼ¬ߵĴѾߣòɨѾ߶Ȳϡ
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ү̶ţߵʱ⽻ūȥļ棬ҪҪȳһһӡ
ܽıҲŸ¬˵ȻȥǰͷкˣȴǺܹģ¬ϸûЩֻܽء
ҵҲý㣬ҪιңҵǿԳһ㡣¬ﻹǵԼѾߣֻܽ
ܽЩԣֻΪԼǶүͨԼء
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ԵҲֻ¬ϽڳÿӼһЦ˵ǳʦóˣ˵ðֻĸгģ̳
˾ˣЦԽÿˡ¬ﻹҪӻ뷨
¬ܽι棬ﻹܳζ¬Ͼ֣ܽһͿʼȻ˽ι棬ҳűԵʵҪϲ١
ܽ¬ϿʵЩ֪롣
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¬ͼļֺվϺ;ߣȫȫһСͯģ
⾹Ȼǵɾ˲¬Լһѡ
¬ϱ˵ӻ˼ˣͺ޲һӶЩΧˣֻԭٹ˾Ȼ֮ࡣ
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ЦãǶɲԵġ
Ҳ˵ÿЪЪǰͷˡ
ΧƵĸоҲʵ̫һ˰ɣ¬æ˵ɩɩ˵


61 
¬ֺٴθпÿá
ֺҲôϲڳҲöˣ˵ܵܣҲܻˮˣҵܵܳøã´ο
棿ȼֺСͯûҪÿ¬۾˼֣ϧһû
ʲôЦ˵ɻء
үãֺαĽ˼أһҲ϶ܰѺȥЦŴȤ
ᵽ¬ԭ̵˰ء
ͼǺ̿ӣĺܺÿһڲС̿ͷɡ
ģܽء
ظоܽ¬֮ķΧ̫ԡ
ΪּҵĶϱҲǹˣ޽ʱ򣬼ⷿҲһӵ澣еǵĸģҲе̫̫ģͨĴ磬Ѱ˼ҵСɡ
Ȼûɵ˼ңԼҲĵ״Щ񣬻ЩǲǶǼͨѾߡ
һ޽ͿôһӵС檣˭˲οĻ첻ߵʱҲ¼ˡ
ҲڳôôЩѾǡ
ûϿʼأЩѾǾͶʼԼϸǰҪ޵ļ޵˸Ҫ޵ͷȥЩ޸޹Ǽ˼С
ֶΣûõĵطˡ
ϲ֪⸮ĹǴͦ־ҲԸ⵱ʲôʲӵԸƸͷȥͷӡ
ϱռ޽Ҳϣ¬Ϊ϶ʱǲˡ
οСӣӴҲЩ㣬ϵǸܽĴѾ߽ӴöһЩ
ܽҲ飬̸ֹͦģƽҲףĴѾƵϲѹµСѾǡ
ٲþͰʾ¬һ䣬Ҳʡͼ»϶̶ģȫҲңæˣû˵ء
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ˣӦϸߵô
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㰢Ҫ֪ôֵһءЦŵ˵ֺıӵ
ҲȻȥˡ߳ԺԺ󣬾Ҳǵ
ôˣɫҲˣҪɩɩǸϢһɣϿ˿ɫֻܽѾǻȥûϴ·ǡ
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Ҳȥ˯ɡ߾ԺϾȰѼֺͻȥ
ҽûܵܶأȿһܵٻȥ˯ֺ
Ҳûƽֺ˯õ㣬ҲӶ׽һ㣬ʡպͼƵģ͸ƵģҲӦ
ǣżֺսԺأͷ
϶ٸһ
ȣ
үǹ˶ٻƷˣŭ
ֺոҪ˵ͱⱧ˸٣ҹԶӡ
ֺⱧס˲䣬ͱһӾΧˣֺЩϰζŬӼĻѳȴû뵽⵹ԽԽˡ
û϶顭ãҶӡÿɱ϶鰡Ⱨżָָֺ㣬͸ǰͷƵģԶӣ־
־ֺ˵˳űˣǵűô˸ЮƵҪ飬ǶԼֺ˵ͷһء
ֺôһ֣ͻȻͿˡ
ˣ
¼¼ֺԹԵÿʼ־
ϿżģǺǺЦ
ѾأȥѾϿżⷢƷӣæѾǵ
̣ȸүһѾʯɡ춹ҳһѾʯݸϵ
ɼ㵸ر־أһֿˣҪֺϡ
ɡֺùѾʯ׼ݵһѾ˼
ޣֺӣ׵ʯͷǸѵˣֺŸո˳
ҵСã㳤˿ɲܸƵôТ˳˵
϶ЦˣúõĶⶼȡϴºˣֱӱɻˣ
ãǶѾҲ͹ˡ
㰢ıӣҲϧˣüֺżıӣֱӰһѾȥ
˰죬˯˹ȥ
ֺﻹʲôܵܵ˼ֻŸϽϴϴ˯ˣоԼҲһӾζ
Ҳ˵ڶԺЪŰɣҲٻȥˡ

¬ϳ׵ڶգ˱Ҫݼ˳żһҵݡ
ɼּھ˷Ҳ֦ҶïҪҪǹһ춼
ˣ˵ǼݣҲǼһٹЩˡ
زǼֺˣٵļǶôȥһ
ֺҲʰ׵˸ȥáʰʰҲǸһɫĶǶϲһҲͿˡ
ͷôһֱоǵģͷ˵Ҳͦ۵ġ
ǣү֪ܰ»ػٺȶˣµøܡ˼һڣл
ᣬŻϸϸü¬ҲЩżǸϽȥ밲ɣͷһ˲á
үģҿʱأٵġ¬µĶһҲĹԼüΡ
ЦҪȥ˽ˣԼܲúô磬һӡ
ֱȵòͷˣ¬Ĩ֬Цվ˵ˣ߰ɡ
ߵϣ¬ϿɵóүҲüǵúúñԼǣôɹôڡ
һˣҪʲô
үͲˡ˵¬ȻϲĻܶ˼졣
Ӷ˵ģ뷴һ䣬Ŀ϶ûУõã¬Ҳͣ
ȻѾģ˵ѾŵˣļֺѾĻ￪ʼ˯ˡ
ˡ¬ϲŽžЦſڵ
밲ʱһءЦŽΧ
ʷ϶¼޽˵Ĵϱ΢Щóŵģô򼸾䣬ԼҶϱԼ̫̫ÿ
Ϳ¬ϿԼС񣬾һ֪˵ʮģʷϸո˰ӵ˴롣
ȵʷϿţ¬һһҹ׸ִƺԼ裬ȫȫһģд˼ѶϱʷСĻҲˡ
ʷϺͼִƸļҲǱŵϵģֻһ֣ʾ֮
ݹĸҲ͸üһúֶˡ
磬ɩ¬϶żһƽ
Ϻ¬ʵϾѾɽʽ档
϶ȢϱҲǳˡװ¶һһȰıһļļ򣬱һض˹ȥ
첻ߵֵʲô˼һۣ档
޹ӣⲻǱһΪֵĹذôдֻǵǲǹģ
ҺǴǵļ񡣡ʾǾޱ˳һԲ
ôɩƷˡ¬ҲŤŵѾ߽ӹ̡
ˣ¬ϸոûע⣬һͲ۾ڼˡ
ٹŮǸиԱǼͷÿģüǣͨŵ֮˼֮ס
¬ֻԼΪβһжˡ


62 
ףҪòˡ¬żִ֣Լϵһ֬Ҫϡ
Ҳʲôûʶˣһֻͨ͸ȫûʵ֬жྫæ˵ҪöɩƷѡ
ã£Ҳ׵Ů¬ָϣ˵˴ţˡ
¬϶Ѿ˵ˣҲŲǸӣָֻһҰ˶ɩĺö
¬Ҫ׼õļʱ򣬼ͲˣɩɩѾһˣҪɩĺö
ĸΧæЦ˵ٹ£ƷѵأױҲʹء
Ļ£ҲЩ죬¬ϵɴ󷽵˵ǶöأȸãȽҪױˣиõĶء
ɩȻ㣬ŰɡϿ¬ҲҪΪѣҲͳİ
ҶһˣʱҲأҲҪƽôһ㡣

¬ȴʮźΪոռ޽ܽҪ޳ȥ񿴵һƵãҲҪ޳ȥǽźˡúõǣΪζüء
¬Ҳ¬˵δķֺҲǸٷ꣬Ȼ˶Ǹøһġ
ֻԼǧѡѡǸµļôͻȻһ̿ͷ
һ£¬ͻȻ뵽˺ĺӣҲ϶Ǹˣ
ãպŮ׼Σ¬һСļͲһˡ
Ǹδ޵ĹأغҲԣزҲԣֻתͷϡ
ûûɻأ㵹Ů׼ˡ֪λشæԲ
޷޷ȶ¬Ц˵
ͱٴȤˣȼ˵Ҳ˵
ֵٹĵ¬¸ˡ
壬ֺż¬Ҿ
ֻһСӤ豧һ񣬡ү밲ء
ֺԭͼģȴ¬ϵһؼ
´СǿɰʱΪҲˣСӵƤֽۣ´ӣøԼֻһǶ
СǿɰʱźƵĸ첲˯ˣСʵǿɰĺܡ
¬ֻһۣͲĸˡ
ÿɰĸѹֺ˵ÿϼ֣ƻоء¬Сش˼ľѡ
¬ϸոմ˹òҲ˯ˣҲޣ۾¬ϡ
Ҳ̫ˣҶ뱧ؼȥˡ¬ָֻץסҪȥ¬æ˻øɲ
ûĥ˵ӣϲֻܱؼȥֺ۵ܵܣЦ˵
ֺ˸ɷĻԭֻǸԼ̷ɻˣ˳һֵܸ飬ΪҪǿԼд˽̼Լ硣
˭֪ʵǸĥ˵ģƽʱɵò񻰣ԼֻҪһɣСӾ͸ʲôƵģǿ־Ҫ˺Լ顣
ֺɣСӣǰǸѧϰġ
Ҫ汧ȥˣɱΪޱӡ¬ЦŶֺ
ҪǱȥҪȥƶǸˣͼˡֺЦ˵
ֺ񻹸ʷסأõǵԺӣȻҪȥԺϲ١
˵ôô󷽣ԭΪŷ㿴ܵܡ¬ϴǲҲһȥˡ
¬룬ȻˣܿСɰҲˡ
ҪǲҴʰ˶Ŷȥˡֺ˵
ĸ㰡⳶˳ֺ˵
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ɲ֣ȥҲͰˣܵܲŶ󡣡ʷæֹɱˣϽڷɡ
˼ԭصϰߣҲһӳԷϱվźųԷġ
¬ҲȻվźʷ÷
վźˣɩȻҲվź
úӣɣǼҵҲûôءʷæ˵
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ҲǶ飬ôҲȥһ档̫ŬˣʷҲ
ʷԭ˵ȥ棬뵽ԭȵɣʷס˻ͷֻ˵üֺȥ档
ʷҲüֺȱ顣
Ҳ̫µˣү̫̫ûѸԺȥ顣¬˵֮ǰֵܻ˵ԺĻ龢ڽ¹Ժ鶼ˡ
ֺȻүĴСҲһ㣬ǼֺӴͬʵǲ࣬Ψһ̸ľֻżҵо
ֺ϶ҲҪƾٵģС𼸸ϵҪõͬڹٳҲ
ͻСأǲȥǵطȥʲôʲӵ¹Ժ˶ãֻܴһͯһȥǼ£ʷ϶ԺûʲôøС
ڼϰءִƿεֺԼҴΪ̫ùѪġԼҴӶ̫ùִҲ
ڼֺﵽǿ׳ı׼֮ǰִɲҷżֺȥԺȥ
ȻˣֺԼҲôȥԺ
ϱĸţֺԼԺȹһһ˼׵ļѽڣڳлڸĸϥ£ֺȻǲԸȥԺϾԺ̵Ķֲǲᡣ
͵Σҩʵ
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䶼ǷƷҲ˼Ѱʱõ
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ֺôЩȫյⷿȥģȻҲһ
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Щķı ŵ鷿ȥŷ֣»һ
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λʿǱĻңóɽˮΪƷʿĻһǧġ
ʵϣʿĻ٣ҲûԸת֣ǧȴҲһõ
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ֺϸһ黭Ժ󣬾ͽ⻭Ҳ߯ˣͻȥɡ
ǧѰĶһ˼ҵͷֲֺ黭ûҪ˼ҵͷȥ

ҲŶһ׮
־ӵۻԺҲˣȴȥĸѧˡ
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ЩԳٹˣҲԸֵΪԼı£ҲʲôĻơ
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˵־֮ǰҲżһѧҲֻǿӵܵѧʣҲĶ
īֽ鱾۸ߣΪЩҾƶΪЩ飬Щѧﶼṩġ
ҾƶѧӲ֪ûеõЩȴǴд׬˺üʡ
Ե÷ͷģլӶ˺üΡ
ؼ־ȥѧ飬ŷֱ˵Ϻõĺʣѧõȴǲ֪ĸСëʣд¾ֲܷ档
ֽҲϺõֽëֽ˵īĥ˻һӳζ
Ѿִƶһصļ־Ͳǲʳ˼̻ľүˡ
ôҲǼּҳ֧ԭļ̳أֻһ¶ʮӡ
Щ棬Ȼÿ̰ϼӻ
־һŭ֮£㳷Щ¡
Щ˱۸ֵǧټı˸ѧµĲ£־ߣǵְλǼһʱ֮ʧȥԴ
ǲ־ǰޣȴߥżŮ˵ǰޡ
ʲô˵үַˣүûסԺ
ǲŲأ
̱ЩֵòʤţֵðˣæýŲմصģԼ鶼˲ϡ
ϵҲòˡ
ʷҲŹЩļ£Ը⴫ˣŹܼȨϷֵ
ؾʰ˱㽻


63 
ԭٹֻôһϱʱϾôӹܼȨȻûʲô⡣
Ƕһô
¬ϵĽӴҲԼôֱӽӹܼȨ¬и
ټϽæĻأһҲһæùϱЦ˵Ҹ÷һֲ£һܼͬҵҲˡ
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ֻ¬ƴǣȰһȰֲǶ飬ǵпտŵµҲͰˡ
¬æֵҲͷĥƤӣɩɩҰɡ
ʷţϱ˺Ҳʮο
˼ҶǶϱСžţ޲ðѹܼȨץԼȨյĵأԼҵ໥ƴˡ
ҲƴˣʷİԭҪɻ飬ж飬һҲæһ¡
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ԵҵҲֻ·κ֬ˮ۵ǶϤЩ¬ϺЦ
ȻˣǾͰѸһļѺ֬㡣ϵ˵¬ϵĶͷЦ˵׮Ҳ̫˵㣬磬üױȱЩƥҲһȥ
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ү⻰ʲô˼ʷϱִ⻰סˣæʵ
ԭǾԼѾ̫żԺ̫Ҳδû̫Ժ̫˼ͷǬ̫ͳӹûϻλ̫ӿҲвءִƵ
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Īţǻ̫ӣҲšִưοҲǳжҪˡ
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ʵ۶ȻʺȻʺĸҲкȻʺֵܶ˹ӵҲڳΪ١
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ŮԺ󣬵׻ÿڱ֧ţŵ㡣
ټϣּҵ֧Ѿˣֺÿžǰء
ʷϻǾãûҪΪһӼױϱ˸
㿴ŰɡִԭҲլ飬ʷ⣬Ҳ˵
ˣҪҪϴϱؼ͸ȥʷʵ
Ϊ
ּҼȻ֪ϢǺôҲøżһҲż׼
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ּܿγ̣ǿŮӼȥֻǺ֮ЩԥͻСЩţǸžһʵȥԺҲԣԺγҲ࣬ҲѧЩļܡ
¹Ժɽż˵Σ˵żҵѧΪ
¼ֺСһЩɽԺҲǲԣٲãú常һһסҲˡ
һʺɡүӵ¹Ժ뾩ôԶôҲһʾ˼
ֺԺʵϤúܣҪ˵֮ǰüֺȥԺǼֱֺһٸ⣬һԼϤĵطܰûһվ͵ȥ䡣
񣬼ֺⲻ׵ܵô
˵ħǣÿһŲУüμֱֺӾħǵ졣ƫƫһղСħǣ־þ͸ȱʲôƵġ
ļֺԸ뿪˼
ȻٹҲ᲻üֺССͣȥ¹ԺôԶĵط


64 
˼Ѳɻøƴʷ˵˺ȥԺҲǲġ
̫̫Ҳ᲻úССȥԺءЦ
Ҳң֪ߵģȻͲٰѺˡ
ΪżǶϢټʷԭԼƫԼߵĶӣߵãЩĽᡣʷϱ㱾ܵҲΪǲϲ°ۣҪͺȥԺء
ǿǣֻǱؽȥʷŭ
ĸԩˣû˼ֻǱҸһȥԺˡֺæ˵
ҲȰֲ̫̫ǲ֪ƽɩӰѺͷһῴߺ
̫̫ԩɩˣҿһ·һ֪ǳԴɩġܲѺϡ¬ҲȰ
ϴϱԭҲǸ˵һ˵żͷúԺֲǾʹѺͽȥˣοԩϴϱִҲ˵
ʷϸոҲһʱ֮ûתһ˵ʲô׵ģһʱ֮Щڨڨġ
ԭҲҺͿˣϴϱ⡣ʷ˵
̫̫ҲǹĺĲءҲ
ԭ϶ȥһԺ˺ôһȦҲϲʷϵСһЩǼЩҵõСȥܿࡣ
ڼһǵҲ㡣ʷϵҪȥѰѰûкһ
ʵɵ˼ԸģִƵǻϸѰء
Ҫ˵Ҳô鷳ֵֻںԺﳭ飬˽̺ǡ¬˵ٲãҲй״Ԫ϶Ҫ˺á
ȷʵܵѧʼãпսǺáҲ˵
ֺ¬ǲŵӣãԼҪ¬ֵǲ֪ᱻڳʲô
ҪֺԼ˵Լѧ
ֻϧֺԼҲܱ¶ڼУǸСأѧɲ飬Щ˶ܡ
¬ôÿҲҪȥֵǻ鷳ңҲ̫ˡֺҲȥѰˡ
ôСӲˣ٩
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ôִҲǼּҵȨ֮һôҲܵŶӶϱ˵Լѧòá
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סԵܶżҲæ
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СʷЦŵ˵ֺıӵҲӴ㡣
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ѧǺǻζԺⶼǺԼȥֱġ
ãҲúѧһѧΪ˴
ԼۿЩʲô⣬ʱѺҲˡ
ٹĵճҪȥѧ飬ɾԾǱּҰ˷ͷشϢˡ
а˷ġ
˵ǳ峤ġ
ֻм־һ磬֮ǰ־нʿ֮ʱһֻҪƫƫλү֪ôģȥɽסһʱԺ󣬾Ȼȥѧˡ
ٸ˵ˣٹǾǵĸŴ󳼡үȢ˷¬ҵĹĹ¿״Ԫ
ⶼòöԱȣǸ˶֪ȥͽٹ
ٹĵճﻹи̫ĸݣ˭Լҵĺ֮ãܴ©ʲôǶԼ˵Ƕĸˡ
ԣѧЩѧǣĸˣҪúλദҪܽύǾ͸ˡ
ȻΪҪһǣ²ܽãҲܽˡ
ЩԭƣҲѧѧˮƽڼԼʦȥѰѧõġ
Ҳ׷ԼҵĺӣѧֻΪֺܸύ
ԵҲ˼ҲԼҵĺּѧ͡
²ΪܽύٹĵճֻͨȥҲɰ
룬ٹδļ̳˶ͽѧȥˣǾٹļּѧĽѧ֪ѧѧˮƽȻǼģ
Ҫ֪λ֮ǰүֵ¶ġ
үʲôˣ˵һ䵱֮嶼Ϊԭû𸴣ƣһ𸴣Ǿǲ֪£డ
ּҵѧҲӭ߹ʱ̣еŴѵÑȥѧ顣
ֻϧѧҵǼ־
λү˵ı׼ϿѰּӵܶϸˣ˵Щݼҵĺˣʴӱģһɲա
ֻǼֺȥѧʱ仹ӡ
Ҫȥѧ飬ôҲһӡʷ˵ѰƵգٽȥ
ô鷳Ǹڵѧˣ̧žܵĵطִüͷ˸ķıֱȥˡ
ֺҲĸֲǵһѧûҪӡ
СӲʷϵ˵иеɣ㲻ȥ鵹ΣһиְѵģǾͲˡ
ʷ⻰˵˼ִȥΪ֮ǰһֱǸδףִǱʶﻹԼಡء
һʷ˵üְֺѣִƾ;鷳Ҳ鷳㣬ñӰǲǴ¡
ȻˣǾ۵ŵʿŸһӡִ˵ԵĶΣŸͺá


65 
۵ŵʿΪǰͷиһҪȥʿļ־ֺŵʿԼҵǸŰɣ
ֺʷϱ㿴żִЦҲ֪үò˵
ԭҲûʲôֻܸ˵ǡִưڰֵ
游׵ʱҲ岻̫ãҲҽҩҲá֪ĸģ˵ǵ˳Ҳǣ游͵ȥʷϱ˵Ц
Ǻ˳⣬˸ȥ˵ʿ游Žġʷ˵
ǵʿŵʿֺʵ
ˣҲм棬Ҳһˡŵ¼˾ռҲ׼϶ܸһĻƵաʷ˵
ǲ̫鷳һ㣬ڻϷһҲˡֺ
ֺԭҲͲЩֻ游ĸ˵ҪѧļգֺӦǡ
ʷ˵ŵʿƹŵ¼˾ʲôģֺ䲻֪¼˾˼ȴҲŵʿȻҲм档
ȥѧѧӣҲô¡أ˾ˡ
ͷúܣʵҲǸˣƽҲƭ˵ĻơִƵ޷ɣҲİ
ֺӼִƵĻ˼ĸо·ǼִŵʿʮϤӡ
ִֺƶ˵żִƱȻǵȫҲ˵ˡ
ûգǱ߾ˡ
ڣͷ
ꣿҩӵء
ùôˣֺԺ
۵ŷԿƽ̫̫ҸˡԼϻӵݸҩ
˵۵ķ飬ҸɰøšҩϻӸֺϻƽ
ֺƽſֻۣϱԼƽҲûʲôͬϺõĶģŸһЩ
УǴҶˣֺʵ
еģū澻ȥڸ͡˵
λŵʿҲǶٹ˽úܣúʮöƽΪϰ䷽ٹļ䶼С
ǶУֺʵŵʿǶǼúܡ
ٹͶ䶼չ˵ˣɲһġ
Ͼ»ºôɼסٹȴǼ֪ġ
ǼУŷҲүǶĳء
游λŵʿϤֺЩɻ󣬱ϾԭִƶԼ־ҪҵʿǸ̬ȣִӦǲôϲʿġ
ִֶλŵʮϤŵ˻ٹϱЩˡ
ˣŷ˵ʮӺãʺϸȥѧ
ʮнһأҩҲʱ
ǽҪæߡ
õæлīءҩæ
ŵʿ?ֺ
һԺ˵ͷڣŷ̫̫ʹлء
ȥơֺ˵꣬Ⱦȥ
ֺſڣſһʿʿҲûʲôֻͬǴ΢һ㡣
ֺŷվЦλǹүߵĺ˰𣬸á
үүЦָָŵʿ
үүáֺȴ룬ŵʿŮϤ
ʷϳżֵֺ
ôˣֺԺʵ
ƽ˵үүˣһֺװһɬӣͷ
ƶҲûͷֱ۵ģʲôÿġŵʿʧЦ
ֺ룬ûͷֱۣȴء
ȷʵûʲôÿġֺ´һŵˣҡҡͷ˵
ˣˣʮգǵʲôţ˵
ûʲôţУȻзԸȻùˡŵʿЦ˵
ϸˣʱ˼ײˡЦ˵
ҲʲôӣôҪȥ۴ʷɻʵ
̫̫ˣõЦ˵˵ᣬҲôգɵڼһˣұͶôȥǮҲΪû
ҲǻˣˣɩɩĵʷϵıŮϱǶŮʷȻֻи˵ġ
ֻȥʲô˼綼ȥߡʷϵ
̫̫ԸһͬȥȻòˡЦ˵
ˣҾͷʹ˽¥ɨɾѹ۲ɵĵʿǶ˳ȥʱ̫̫Ҳ徲ĿϷŵʿе
õŰѹĵʿ򷢳ȥҲ̫¡ˡֺüͷһ
֮ǰ־Ҫȥ޵ʱ򣬼ֺԾǵЩҲ΢һ˽⣬֪Ǿʢҵۡ
ΪһңۻͣգǾͲڻ
˵ءŵʿЦ˼ֺһۣ·ڵȼֺ˵ոǾ仰أǹүصӣĳ빫үһģһ
⻰üֺЩԹԵģϸ룬ŵʿ˵
ҵʱ˰ѺͷǸ¥ճ̫̫ϷҲ㡣ŵʿǰͷĴճӴǣҲ໥Ӱ졣
ŷǻءҲЦ˵һ
ʮ³գ˼ִ£ȥ⣬ԸŮһȥżҲҪȥ
ҲǼֶӼùùõڸϰȣȻǸȥͷֵġ
λү̫̫ǣǵүСλǽȥŵʿСʿɽſˣּҵˣæӭȥ
ҵүôûӭǡɵȥٲȻһԵӡ
СʿҲû£ģ߶µĹڵϲ
ϴںʲôʷϺȵ
Ҳ仰ˣӣתͷʼֺҳôˣ
õǲˣӣͦ񻰱˵ֶԵġֺЦ˵
ҰֻǳװˡֺǸСʿʵʲô֣ˣ㵹ҲҴ˼ӣ
СʿֺƣһһˣСĽͨݣʮһˡ
Сʿ̧꣬ͷŷٹһ˶ЦеؿأæλˣСӽȥɡ
ŵʿٹŵһߵ¥µԺиϷ̨ӣȥ˶¥ܴӶ¥ϷϷ
Ǹȥõĸˡ˵ȥɵøһݴ񡣡


66 
1õ¡أǽҹֲ˼ġºŵϷӣæڰ˵
ʱ¼иСǹģһǳСⲻϹأҲ˸֡
Ŵͷȫ˳һ֣СøǼ١
ʲôԲ˼ģֻܰţ㼸㰮ϷȥϵõϷӡ
ɩɩƷˡæ
μϺ¬˵ˣһŻѶˣԼôһ˵
Ϸھ룬˵õϷˣٹȨƷҲȥ
ɩɩƷʲôƷѵҰɡֵ̯̯ǰոհҲ鷿˽Ǯѹγ
ԭĻڸЩǳԷȾơǮϺֳٹЩǶĬ˺ȾƾɼǮ
ôǶһǮ
ڣһֵ͵ñȥ䣬ѰѺȾƵĹûУǮ˲ô
⵱ʱҲ֪ôģʹðЩӶ˸õط
ûؼգͱϴ˸š
˽Ǯ¬˵ʣɵؿ˼һۣһֵܣᡭ
̣ҿɲƴƵǸᣬǶʮӵ򼸱ûˡæ֤׵
үֻ֧ӱǣֺαԼġæ˵
̣ͷϷʣʲôܽʵ
ɲңЦ˵̫̫ͷ㡣
ԭǳӣҲǡʷƴǵҾЩ˴մֵġ
̫̫ôϷ϶ҪǶö̫̫࣬㣬Ҷ¬ϸŤɶƵĸʷ̫̫ǣҲǼʶʶ
ʷƴǲһˡ
̫̫Ϸĺáʷϸոյ꣬¬ϱ
ʲôòõģҪ˵һ͵һضʷЦ˵
ҿɵúú˵һˣ̫̫˽ľƳʮʱӰף[1]ⲻ˽õǸף١
⵹һأ
̫̫밡ǷӰⲻҲ̫̫ϣպܶӶ˼ͷô¬Ц
찡ɡʷյ˵¬Ц˵ǶٷǶﲻˡ
ͷ˵ţµϷҲѾˡ
С˶Ҳ˵ЦĻԭֻ軳˯Ϸӵһ죬һҪ޳ˡ
Ҳ֪ôһС˶ôô࣬תͷ׸ֺڱϿæᣬŤͷȥ±ֺƵġ
̫̫ãƶˡϷѾ˰ˣŵʿˡ
ʲô°˼ҸסˣôЩʱˣҲʷϿŵʿЦһ
ԭҲûʲôֻţҵĴ̫̫ҲˣԭҲͷ¥Ҹˡŵʿ˵ɡ
ôãŵʿ¶棬һ֪ŵʿȻҲǷһ࣬ȻҲ١
⵹ˣԭȶģѲǻʷϵ
Ϊԭ㱻£λţ̫̫ʱûٺϡ࣬λء
ʷϵļӣұȲԼұ㱻˼ҸմȾϣʷܸţҺɫŹ֡
οţҲֻʣͷһˣһˡ
˵Ҳ͸ſǿӻģĵˣţҴүҲ͹һȽΣƷʵְûУ󳯻ᶼȥá
ŵʿոҪӲ磬ţ̫̫Ѿˡ
ϣҵ˭أԭǼڰţ̫̫ѹôų¥Ҫռȥ
ţ̫̫ʲô˼¬ϵȫռȥҲܵи󵽵˵ǲǣ
˵СǺţֺ̫̫γ֪Լǿʶأǿ¼޵¬Ϻϱźʷϡ
ԼŮԶޣ޵Ǹ̻˼ңԼýΪ˼Ů㲣ý򶼱ִƴѹְ
ţ̫̫Ͷٹ޵С
մףҲû߶ӵĳ¬ϱ۸æǻ
ѲǷ¬һţףϷʵ
߰ԭǼڲͨģҲͽЩ·Žʼ볯Ȩͨ顣
ţֻһͷģȻǲܸ¬մ״ʡ
⻰ڳţ̫̫ء
¬Ȼ֪⻰ĺ壬ҲȻǲеģǼҲʲô˼Ҷݵġ
ţ̫̫⻰һһȱ˵㻹̨̫ǲ˵㣿̫ӻ̫ܲӶһأҲ֪
ţ̫̫ԣ̫ӵĵλȲȣ˵ġʷԭøţֻ̫̫Լϱţ̫̫棬ǣ̫ˣʷϾͲòվˡ
⻰Ҫûϻ̫үˣҲ֪ҪأʷϵҲ֪ţҾ֮ŭء
ţ̫̫˵ԺҲԻʧԣʷôһ˵ŵսսҲ˲ٸʷϴ棬ֻ˵һȥ£ɲǼƽϡ
˵䣬ţ̫̫͸ͷ׷Ƶģæˡ
Ҳ͵żԼ׵иڼҶԺͻȻ𸴣⻹һ𸴾ǲ֪Ҫְλ
˵үӺ֮˵£żִҲͨʷϰοʲô¡
ǻʵۿүӵĲŸɣȱˣүӡ
ɵȵ̫ӵþˣҲ̫һϵȻ
֪Լ׵𸴣Ҳƽ⳯ء
ϵײЩģһǵԼ׵뿪ö꣬ʧȥ˲εԡ
̫һϵƮҡԼҸвǾԨ
˵϶żҵμϽҲаյģ֮λ޴ǣ˭Ҳܱ֤żҾͲһж
ǣ̫һץ˵ǻʵүӣɵ׶̫˵Ԫˡ
ϻи׽ѹ̫Ƕأ̫ΪЩڹͷòá
Ͼȵأ̫ʧƣҲԼҽڹӲù
ƫƫǲŵģüڹֻ˵һжá
βģȵңڹĽ㣬ֱΪѡ
ƫƫٹһӺ֣ҲΪԼ˶ģ沸ոռ޽СҪɻ飬ϲʱ򣬸Ӳɥ
ֻհЦÿմżܼˡ
ƫƫżǶʲôʱֻ˵һжãϷſġ


67 
ġֺϵĵǵģ̲סȰǻҪҲ游𸴡
ΪͷҲ¸ǽжֺѷ̫ӵȼָ˹ȥĳ˼Ӥͼŵģ˭ֺ˼ġ
ļֺļ£ľҪˣ
ʷҲվϵ˵˵ûʲô£Ҳ̲סģ㻹Ǹӽȥ̫Ҳһ׮¡
æӦһҲŽȥһ̫ôʽڵľ
⵽ʱʶˣòƣڵ̫Ӻ̫ڵĴ
æ˵ڹأҷİɡ
ոţ̫̫Ļֲһ˾ͽ˭ǻָ̫Ӱ
Ȼһֱŵ仰˵ȥˡ
⹬﹬⣬˭֪̫ǻʵ۵ļ⣬˵ģʵ۳̫ӣǾԱʷϳ
̫Ӳˣʵ˴󳯻ᣬûûҹ̫ӴǰʵԸˣȶǰȥ
˵ڻʵǶ̫Ӿǵһλġ
̫ó裬һ̫ӵþ˾ͻġ
Ҫ֪̫̫֮ӣΪһ߹ٵþˣǻʵۺȻʺĶӣΪ̫ǻʵļ̳ˡ
ֻҪ̫Ӳʧ裬ȵ̫֮λôס
ǼҲüǹδ޵Ĺһ㡣ҪΪţ̫̫ôһ䣬ֵôҶˣǾ͸ˡ
ϱЦ˵ǵϷѽ¥µϷӶ˺þˡ
ǰǰڶÿɵˣ¬ϼ״ҲæԾյǶѾˣǻûһأǽǵˡ
¬һ߻Ծգһȴǣտ϶ûһˣúԼֳ̫̽̽ӵôһɩġ
Ҳ֪λɩɩǲԸɨԼ£ҲһֵϷҲһЩ
һμǰɡЦ˵
úúãϷ֡ʷҲЦ˵
˶ֻĬİ¸ոյ鲻ᣬ˼Ϸ쵽ŵʱŵʿ˵ԵҲһ㣬Ψ絹ȷʵ̫̫ȥ
ǵʿǲֹôôҲիԲסʵ
ŵʿʵϣֻЦ˵Ƕϲǵ۳磬ȻǵðĺһЩ
ҿǵǲר޵̰ǮءЦ
ϾôһټĵۣôСʿҲǣŵʿЦЦ˵
ƲƲ죬Ҳû˵
ʵҲǶִ²̫ء
ڻʵۿʰжһΪŹҼƣϾжһ˸̫ӵλþ˽ᵳӪ˽֪̰˶Ǯơ
һҲΪ̫ӡ
˵жЩҲǰ̫վ˶λãһᵳӪ˽ĸ壬ֻΪ̫ӵϵŧû£ǽǣȫĶˡ
ʵ۾ţԼ׵ģӰŧˣ׳ʹʹ
ҰɣΪ֪ԼҶ׶룬Ϊӵ䷶ĻʵԭҪʰж֮ǰ֪̫ӵģΪֱ̫ûпõˣ̫ӵࡣ
ڻʵۿԼԾ御ˡ
˭Ҫʰһߵūţȸ֪һġ
ⲻӦöǴǴ㣬ʱ
ƫƫԼТӣԼǰͷոʰþˣͷӾͲԼ׵ˣ밲ˣҪ˵ԼĻˡ
̫ʵ۲ҲЩ
ϼְ˵ǸӵǲǸ˸Ӵŵþˣ׵ҪףʵһżִƺȾƣһʵʵ
ڻʵۺ̫ԸһֱǰųܣֵüɹֺͺãֵЩȰ͵ⲻǵԣִƾֻŻʵۺȾƣʵȴһ仰ԸȰ
ִƣһκ̫Ӻͻʵ֮顣
ʵԭҲҪһ²̫ӣҲִûлĻʵֺһھƣԹԵؾ˵ȥ
˵˵Ѳôһʺһذιģ
ԶԶԣ˵ǡִ⸽˻ʵһ䣬ͻȻתζоЩ̫ԣ⻰ɵ÷һ䣬ʲôʱһʺһι̫ˣ̫֪𣿡
Ҫ֪㵱ǾõҲ⡣ִֹһ⻰ǰȵѾֲϱĻʵִۣƻûѻ˵ڡ
ôͲһʺһذˣСʱ򲼻޸ġʵŭ
򲼺һʺһιǲ̫һİɡִֹһ䣬Ųƹƽϵ뷨ִҲûͻʵ硣
ҲãĻʵ۾ƶѾȶˣҲƽһ㡣
һԺ󣬻ʵֿʼʼִƵϼְҪǲ㶼ô찡
ǻԼ̽ӵĵˣ
ִΪʵ۵ķС֪ǻʵһֱ̫Ť͵żִƺȾƿߣû죬ˣʵֿʼżִƵ濪ʼ̫ˡ
ķִƶѾΣľĵزˡ
ô죿£ִҲŻʵѾȵöƬˣô˵ģӲ͵ô㿴ǼϴҾ͸èƵãû³Т𣿡
ԣǵôǸТһ٣»ȥ֦ȥʵҪ˸ȥҳֵ̫ӵĹߡ
»Ļʵ۳ȥ磬ִֻ֦ܸʹɫ
ִҲ»ʵĳȥһˣԾܱЩԹǵϣҲһҪ֦ʵֱùҲǲԡִƵǵĿⷿ۸˿ⷿȥһҡ
գʵ۾ˣ϶ǵˣҲȻȥˡ
У޽͵ȥҳʵۺ˾ƣţƢҲˣǵҪȥҹӣϼ˵öԣ²ܳТӣ޽͵ȥǸТӡ
ʵ⻰δ䣬̫Ӿͽˡ
ֺڸʲô̫ͷֻһ䣬Ҳû
ݶˣʵۺȵô۾һϳ̫
̫ŵʵľüͷ˵ôˣ̫ҽ˵ˣܺȾơ
żһˡáʵۿ̫ʶһ¾̳ӣ̫ųˣڨڨ
ôոʲôģ̫ɻ
̫仰ʵŵþƶѹˣæֵݶ޿û㡭
̫ԭҲֻͷһҪʲô˻ʵ⻰һͷˮôҪԼˣ
ʦʵִָָƵԶԶԣߥء
ִƣ
ö˶˵ıԼҹһڵȥͷ
ֻԼʵۺƾƲ˵⻹ñڹ


68 
ǣʲôϵǻ Ҳܿտڰ˰ִһ
ʦ̫һµؿûȫļִƣͼӼִƵϿʲô
Ŷ㸸ʾǸТӣ˵Сǳʺ򳤴ġִĮ
ʲô̫żִƵ³ʲôԼҸ˵Լǳʺ򳤴ģô̫ӣôܡ
ݶϼɵӺ˵á˵һʺһι󡣡ʵ۸ոյѾͻȻ̫˸ѣҪ̫ӽͣƫƫֱִƴ˹
̫ӼֱһͼִƸո˵ʲô
ִҲ⿪̫Ӻͻʵ֮ᣬԾͳװ˵㸸˵Ϊߣþ˵ְλѾˡ
Դأһֱǲþ˱ҪˡִƼװʵ۵Ҫ˵Ҳ̫ࡣ
Ǹʲô˵ģҵġִװԹ
ϼ֣˵ʲôأʵû뵽Լոոִ˵ĻȻһֲ˵̫Щ߳ŭ
ִԼʵ׵֣Żʵ۰˰˵Ұѻ˵źء
˵Ҳǣʲôǲܸ㸸ʽģҼǵСʱ˶ø㸸ʽһִƽ˵ô񳤴ˣǷˣ֮ʲô˵ġ
̫ԭżִСʱ򴲵飬Щɬ
żִ˵֮ûʲôܽģ뵽ΪԼıŤʻƾƣ̫־Щ
ִǸ˾һ
ִƿ̫ӵɫҲ֪ԼҲͲˡڰ˵ҾȻȥˣðѻ˵⿪ĽãҲʡûҺƾơ
˵ִ꣬Ҳ˻ʵۺ̫ӵķӦԹԵȥ
ʦѾŤõ̫ҪԼҸʳ飬־Щֻţ֪θʵ˵ʶ뺰סִơ
ǼĹأҺôҲûȥȥһ档ִֹһǲ«ˡ
ʦʦֵġִ̫ƵĻҲԼһڣҪִһȥ
̫ûʴһ
Ҫģһ񣬸ǼĹﵱױǣǸ㸸ʺúġ
ִƺ˳ֵذ̫˻صڣһվڽ»˳˴Ժ󣬼ִƻĵ˰Źˡ
ִźôĿռ䣬Ҳøܽ⿪Ľᡣ
ʵۼ˶ˣҲһˣҲָ̫ʵĶ㻹𣿾Ϊôһ㻹ұŤˣ밲ˣ
Тӣá
ĸҡ̫Сֹһ䡣
Ȼʺ̫ӵʱѲްŵģ̫ӴСûȻʺ̫ӾͶԼĸҲмУҪԼϺҡ
ʣ˵˵ʰ˳жΪĸĥûˡ̫µ˵
ԭʵҪ̫ӵλ֮ǰ͸̫̫ͨԭԼܻסĸңɵλ֤ȷ䣬а𢣬̫ǵҲܽܡ
ɵȳж£̫߱ðЩʵ϶Ȼʺĸĥòˣǳжֵ̫֮Ļ
̫ӶЩҲô⣬ڶ߶Ķˣ̫ӲҲˣǲҲʰԼ̫ӡ
󣬱ǲ֪Ϊʲô̫ӷʱǿʷ飬һǬ̫ӡ
̫λ˵ĺһ֮£֮ϣȴҲսս
̫ԽԽ÷ţƫƫҲǸŤӣЩҲҸ˽ֻԼš
Ҫ֣ôΪԼĽǰ̣Ҳúú÷лʵۣԼ̫ܰӵλá
ƫƫ̫ЩϣԼҸʻǰԼϵġ
̫ҲȥԻʵۣ¿ʵ۵һ̣ǵ֮ŭԼһССϣˡ
̫Ծװ񣬰Լ˶ͷװʲô֪
̫Խǲٸʵ׽̫Ѿʵ˵ԾԽԽˣͲ̫ҪϵϢˡ
̫ʧڻʵ۶̫װѾͲˣǲȸ͵ģ̫Ӷʧˣԭȥ̫ǰеҲʼ̫ˡ
̫ﻹйȨ͵ĶҪٲЩ
̫ۿ˺ü̫ǷϵԺԳȰ̫ӣ̫Ȱ˻ʵ
˭˭ǰ˵ֺʵû뵽̫ӻѹƵԼŭʰжĸʲôϵĸڣԼ
˵ŻʵԼķޣٽᷢ໥ֻ֣ϧͺߵ̫ˣûܸ׵ϡ
֪˾Ƶ˵ǲԳ˵˼άƶϵġ
ʵŵȻʺڵʱ򣬷޺Լ¿꣬ĺӻԼԼ˻ɣ̲סصؿ
̫ӳԼҸȻżҲдʱһֱӢġʵôʹ飬̫ӵһؼ
Żʵ˵˰ŶΪԼ±˷߶Լ
̫ӲЩ
̫ʵۿԼŵĸ󣬲ҲһԼĸڣҪıҲŻʵۿ
ͷһһǰѶĽᶼ⿪ˡ
ȻʵۿԺڵأ̫Ҳ˿Ϻҵһ£һԼ·ƿųȥ
̫ү»ԭͲģڴͷ̫ӳæӭȥ
Ѿ˯ˣ̫װ£˵׼Ѿȸˣȥ
ģⶼͱ˵ġ»æ˵
ǹ±Ȼȥˡ̫򶨵Ҫߡ
̫үҪ»ȴ̫Щ֧֧ᡣ
ʲô¾ֱ˵֧֧ġ̫Щ͵
Ҫȥƫϴһ£»ܼѵ˵һ仰ԺʣµĻҲܸƵģһ˵ˣ⸱ӣ߳ȥ˿Ҳôðɡ
˵ţ»ָָ̫ӵͷ
̫ӵëոʱ̫ӵͷģһͷ˿ҡ
Ϊոոʵ˱ͷʹޣʵ۰̫ӵͷŪģ̫ӳʱֻ·ȴͷ
̫ӱ»ôһָͨϵӰӿԼķͣһ죬װһµȥƫϴһ°ɡ
»æ̫ȥƫϴԭ̫ʱס̫ӴԺŰᵽȥġ
̫ӶҲϤúܣæϴˣŻ˶


69 
̫һ·϶һĮı飬Ǹʵ˽⿪Ľᣬʵ۴һһ㡣
˶̾кŵӭڵҪ̫ӻ·˲ˮ
̫ȴһŭӣĲ豭ңȥǰۡ
̫ƣǼټ̫⸱ģ̫⸱ŭӣҲȰ̫ӣֻæȥ
̫أ̫Ӵ
̫ڶ˻յأ˵ҪɹһɹĹżиӴһС̫æ˵
ǣġ̫һǶ̫˲ȥ
̧̫ž˻յȥȻͿ̫Ѿɹء
̫й򣬡̫ӿ̫һҲҲ֪йɹˣ
ү⻰ʲô˼̫ԭЩ̫ٶֻڻʵǶء
ǣ㵹ǵЩ飬Ҳ֪ǵԼ̫һߺ̫һۣһװʹͷ㻹йЩ飿
үǲˣʲôǻȥ˵
̫ҲʲôͿˣȿʼףǿ̫ôãﻹв׵ġ
̫Ҳݼ󱬷һ̫ӵĻŵĿɢŬά̫ӣ¸ǽж©ȥģ
̫볶̫ӽڵ֮ǰ̫вһģؿƿˣҪ̫үĻа©ȥǾͱҲˡ
Ƚڵ̫ͻȻЦûݻҵ˼ȻҲƾⳡϷˡ
ұүһΪ㣬ȫҵñȦˡ̫ҲЦ˵
Ц̫꣬ʵүⳡϷǾߡ
ǣ̫ס̫˵ԭһãɽžòԾЩʰжǶĸĸĥû˵ôģ˭⴫Ҷߵġ
ߵ˳ҴҴļѾߣǸʻ߻ĸǵġ
̫˲˲ãԼߵҲǷĵġ
ϾߵѾ߶ǴСһ𳤴ģЩ˶Ǽӣǵļ˶ŸأΪ˼ˣҲ̫
ԭЩ˶ǻʵۺͻ̫ϸѡģЩ˶ǻʵ۲ԺŰŵģ˵ǻʵ۵˶ԡ
˭˵죬ʵ۵ˣ
ײ٣ʺͻĸҲ٣ɵǲƲģܹҪע㡣̫ӵ
ģЩӣһעŵġ̫˵
ˣйԭЩҥԵԴҲúòһ顣̫ŹȻҲ㡣
󲻹Щĸǣ̫ǵǸʵĺ󹬣ҵҲö֡
鲻Ҳ޷ǶһЩǡְ̫̫
ߵɸһ飬޷Ҫ˵ǣǾͲˡֶ̫һ
⻹㽲˵øǸһ̫һߵˣҶ֪ɸٱˡ
ǴڿʼҪɸġ

ϻȥ֮ҲһֱЩѰʷԾʹϵӽ
˼ңҲƷ빬ǰų棬ͷӽȥŹظˡ
˵̫һϵƮҡλҲôȣҲҺ񵱽ʵҲûм̺󣬹Ѱ̫ʳδŮ
񸮿ϵݹȥҲҵ飬ֱӾ͸ϲŵǰͷȥ
ŸոյӣڶչʹϢϽȥ
˵֪ģΪˣôЩҲ֪ĴǶС̫࣬վǿúܡ
Ǹˣⲻ͵ҪȥôƷһС̫̬ȣ³Σڶͷ㻹˵һ
ˣ̣˵λҲȥһһأ˵Ҳþûλˡ
֪ˣһһȥ밲Ц˵
Ȼ˵ҪżֺͼһȥͷȻҲôһ㡣
ȻƷô·֮ǰҲǳϺͼģн·š
ȴףԭҲûȥǻʵ·
ֺԼҵܵеˡ
ֺؿͶĴԭָһļʺϴģڣѾݱɶĻװˡ
ԼҶҲ֪ʲôʱ߷ôϡŹֵ·Źֿɰġ
˵ĸϺտص¬ˡ
ٻһԣ¬óһ׷Сϻʽ·Ժ󣬻ǰչʾһ¡
ֺؿϿ·Ժ۾֣Ҳÿԡ
ƫƫԼǸɵܵܿЩ·ֺǺǵģȥץ·һ㶼û޵ӣֱǺƢˡ
ٿѾﻹźü·أֺƢҲĲҡ
ÿԼСʱûô۶ӣҪԼûô·ֺԼض÷һֹסЩ˲ǡ
Ҫ˵ǶСأֱӸٲ͵ˡֺϺ¬һŻøһµС˵һ乫
Լҵ̫ܵɵˣԼֳĺôҲðһ£ʡ¼ˣһһס
Ƕһμ裬ôôһģֱӹȥġһԼȥҸúһ
ҲϲЩ·أƣء¬·
ҪѼֺߣæȱߣҲһء
˵ţ¬æѾ﷭һ״ŵϻʽ·չֺǰչʾһȦҪúϻʽ·һ߳ȥ˾ֵ֪ܡ
ҡҾͲ˰ɡֺû뵽յԼϡ
ǵãޥģ˼Ͽһ¬ϣתͷżֺ˵ȥ˿
ֺոջǵÿǷ㣬ֵԼֺ־ÿҲʵ̫߳ܡ
ǲỻ¬ϵѾ߳غܣūź
òãò·ֵֺһ԰ɡ
ֺڵ뷨ѲƶŶҲͦϲģöһɡ
Ǻ˰ɣ¬Ц˵ߣǶкöأʱ߷˶ֵװ
𣬡ֺͲ˵ҲǺ뵱ֵˣֺֿǺԼ·ļֱֺǺɸ֡


70 
Ҳ̫ЩƽԼɷʱǹӺֵľء
ԼҲǣö˶˵ģô⻻װԸ⵱һ¼ӣԼΪʲôҪȥȰͶأ
ں˰ɣյԼˡ
ֺϺ¬ϴѾǰȰǿŻ׺ͼһֵװģϻʽ·
һѵʽʱ򣬾Ǻȥ϶ÿһȻˡ
¬Ͽֺ·Ժ󣬾;ÿɰˣ˲Լ·ʽ˸ģֳ˺üƵ·ʽ
ӴӴ⻹׵Ļͷñϴ·﷭һͷñϸ˿ʵ˭գñҲ̫Щ˰ɡ
ǳգɫ¬ϵ׸ѧġ
ǵߵˣȻ㡣һ־еĻͷñ˿Ȼżֺ֣ñҲһȥҿģ
·Ͳˣֺαٴñأֺ˿ǻͷñֿ˿ԼǸܵͷһģһһ
ֻͷñ׶ĶֺԼˣﻹдֶģ
Ҳ߯Щ
⻢ͷñڼֺǾɣȴüֺԺһÿ
һֺǻͷñڼֺͷϣżֺϸתһȦ̾ƣֺñӣԺͷԵģʺ
ֺڸоԼǽˣ̯ϵĺӣȥͶ⣬ӵѾǣͷɨСѾǣΧء
һȦûﲻĵطóˡ
Ҳ˵ģūϵտɺˣﲻʵģֻܸū˵ūھˣԱ֤飬ȥ
׵ɡֺ룬ڶԺﶪҲͶˣɱ𶪵ͷȥˡ
ʱ﹬ˣҪǱ˿ˣⲻԼһӵĺʷ
úúã˵Ͳɡ¬ϷܵһȦûʲôʵĵط˵
ֺЩԱˣҷҲˣһȦһȦɣ
ֺǿڷߣƫƫǸĵĵܼܵʲôأŴһ֡
ͦõģɡֺ΢ߣæ˵øˣھȥ
ֺ룬ڼⲻڣȻԼǴӣüڳЦԼȢӡ
ֺ²⣬ȽԼ˺ӣ˷·ԼӴϣ˳ӽһš
ЩʱɣԽʲôԽʲô
𻻵żֺҺúÿ
˵أˡ
ֺĵһӦԼЩĳЧҲһֳˡ
ֺһصϵȥͼϿסԼ
һĻڼǾǣ
ոսţͿһɫĶ˹ȥģһһֻɫĴè
èˣɻҸոһֻè굽ȥ
ʲôèǺˡ˼õϻʽ·
ֺϵĻ;Ҫ꣬Ȼ˵꣬;ֱߵǰϸһԺ󣬷һЦʲôϻһֱè
ֺֻסԼ۾סԼĶ䣬˵صû⣬ûĻ
ƫƫ⻹ץèƵأֺĺ󲪾˳
ƫƫܻܵΪʲôأ׵Ÿ磬ֻǺ棬ż⡰˼һԼҲ뱻ӡ
үɱ˵ԺԽԸ⴩·ˡһ
ģ۾һд԰Ҳֻǿţôү̫̫Ҳֺֺǡ
Ҳֺ֪϶ǲ⴩һ·ȥģ԰ѼִƺʷվԱߵĺ춹˵ȥһˣү̫̫ڲڣԺһơ
ֺֺǣֲˣ̯ĺӣԼôֺֺǡֺЩˣŭ
˵أҲһ˳ȥæԲϽȥ·ɡ
ԭҲǲŵ˵ģ˼ά˿Ҳ޷ȴû뵽ˡ
ԭԼҲͲһеļӵģֺˣæȥֺ
ԭ㴩·ү̫̫˱ȻûϲŽءЩڨڨĲˡ
ȵǸˣüֺЩ˼ˡ
Ҳ
㲻ͳɣֺδ䣬ЦˣҪһ·
ֺ
ڼֺǿȡ֮£ôǴһ·ȥɼڻὲȴһʳʽ·
Ȼˣǰﻳ־ñϵǸССֺɣ˵Ҳ·ϲúݣܻǿҪ·
̿ˣŵʱˡһϣŮκϾæӭЦŸϴӡ
Ͻţոżֺ̫񣬾ͱ̫һһһˣҪʲӵʲôˡ
Ҳæż̫񣬡̫
̫û˵Ц˵ҲͰˣҲǵһμˣǵһμĸ
ԣɲˡֺһֱżϵĶ䣬ҲЩĲɣ֪Ϊιʹؽһ䡣
ֺۣ̫⻰û֦Ҳһ顣
Ҳ˵㵹ƫܵܣĸǮˣѲɻ᲻ô㶫
ҿƳˣƭҵĺöģǶô˵ˣһ̫ܲҲЦ˵κȥҵļ
˵ţֳ̫żֵ죬Ѻơ
ԭ軳̫Ҳϣûע⵽һʳģļ̫̲ס̾һǵ˭ģÿ
ÿֺ̲סԼ⣬Щ⡣
ֺϸԼҵܵܣðɣ⺢ԲһţȷʵͦɰġⲻԼҵܱܵԼÿɰô
ֺʾܾ·ɰ
ǵõ⣬ԭ˼ףϧϧ
õɣ̫һ¬ϣʵÿ·ôϲ
ֻڵ·ֺԼһϻʽ·ֻ߳ܣ˵


71 
ʽÿƫƫ㻹ӻڡ̫һ
ЩˣԼĺܣҲ֪ôģǲЩɫƫƫֺڵġҲЦ²һֺ
ˣã·ʽУŵǺÿҲֿ̫һʵ۲ģʵ
еģʹ˸ϵ
ԭһŸҲһҲЩˣҲһҪԼء̫Ц˵
ˣأ̫κϵ콫Ҳ˵ĸˡ
κӦһҪȥ˾ͽ˾ͽ
СʱҲҪأֲûǲصǵʱ䡣æƴǵ
ĸǳǻûأôҲһԼұܡ̫Ц˵Ҳ鲻ء
̫͵񣬹ֻһŮѧӣǵĿζǸߵġҾ˵յͣһء
⼸Ҳأֻء̫˵
̫⻰ֺȻ̧ͷ̫˾ͽͲ˵ѾʼʽϿΣҲӦɵʱɡ
в飬ŽϹġ
Ҫ֪˾ͽ񣬿̫ӵĵճӡû⣬ô˾ͽ񽫻Ϊһ̳ˡ
Ϊļ̳ˣôܻһˣأ
Ѳ̫һϵ״̬ʮֲãѾˣü̳˶飬ܿʱ
ǿ̫⸱ģ־ò̫
ټ游游Ҳûб¶ӵ
ֺ΢Щɡ
²ǼֺʶˣҲʶˣ￩һ£̫㣬Сô飬Ѳɣ
̫ùԼЦϵ֣ģûʲô顣ǰͣҲӦȥ鷿ˣʶʦҪãԵʱȷٰˡ
̫˵꣬ϲԼͬһ
ĸͺ˾ͽܽҲ֪ҡ
ôҲһ㣬ĸֲˡ˾ͽں̵ظš
㣬Сˤˡ̫˾ͽҴܽԽżʱĶˣ̲ס˵
㰡㰡ԽԽСˡ̫˾ͽ飬˲ͷڵĺˮ󣬵˾ͽĶͷû˵
ҪţҲøҼϿ֣úõؽһء̫в
˼ⲻżĸô˾ͽҲգЦ˵
ոһĸֲ⣬ڵǼˡ̫ĸ
˾ͽæվֱԺ󣬶ϸһ񣬺˾ͽҲһҾ
ɲλµ񡣡æܿЦ˵
ĸǵĳʲôǲܵġ˾ͽæ˵
˾ͽ鿴軳ļ̾ÿɰý㱧
˵˾ͽſȥ
ЩԥһǿҪҲΥ
һߣ迴˾ͽССĸӾ֪϶Ҫˤˡ
ƫƫһ裬Ҫ氡ſֱۣ˾ͽķҪ
Ϊѵʱ̫ˣСܱ𣿡
ŵȥҲһ档̫
Ժ˾ͽæȥѼ§˸һСһһͷñϵĶ䡣
ɰ·Ҳ˾ͽżС˵
㣬µܵܣҪܵˡ˾ͽ˾ͽûָԼͺ磬ǺᣬǿЦ˵
ðҲһ·ұ֤ҿ϶ֻ㡣˾ͽЦ
˾ͽ⻰æֵ˰ɣܲ𡣡
˵ţ˾ͽͼֺһۣ˶ӱ˴˵У˶·
ĸ˵أ·ʽͽҲøҲһ̫Ц˵
ҾͲ˰ɡ
ãÿûʽ
˾ͽ˾ͽͬʱ˵
ոս㻹˵ϲû뵽ȻϲЦ
Цһ̫οԼÿԼֹǱЦ˵԰ĻǴźȥɡ
Űĸɡ˾ͽ᲻÷ſڰ׷ʳӣæ˵
һʲôѲɻǽţ̫Ц˵ܵһȥɣ֮ǰ˵жô
ֺ̫⸱ģ²̫лҪϽ˵ֺҲ֪ͦҪʲôġ
ԣҪ⼸СûߣҲЩҪ顣
ֺ˾ͽһһ˾ͽ飬Ȱȥ档
ҲЦ˵ʱҲˣ豧Ÿȥƫ˯һɡ
ȼֺǳȥˣ̫Цʲôʵıʰɡ
˵ţֵ̫˵ϵŵС⸱żӣʲôֵôżæŵصӽģ
ж£ͷֶڴ̫ʧƣ½ڹ
̫ϵ˵ƼҺúõģ˰ɣ
ҲЩ˼ֻŤɶƵس̫ⲻǵĽô
İɣжˣ̫˵һ¡̫ϵ
⻰ô˵Щֵ
ж̫ĸ壬Ҳǿ̫һϵڳϵĴ졣
Щ̫ӵڶֵǽɣʼڳռһϯ֮ء̫ӻȣסò˵жĹײС
̫Ӻ̫˵ӦǷһģô˵жˣ˵һ¡
̫ЦһǼһٳһжء
ϱ̫⻰ŵˣľλϮģǽϮж־λһա
̫˵Ǽһһλж˼ǾֻǼҵŮȡ̫һιĸء
̫ϥжŮƽΪɸŮ޵ģҲλȹ̡
̫ǲܷϵģǾֻ̫ްţſм
λܲһ˲䣬Ͼֻ뵽һˣ㣬ˣҪ̫ҽٿ
ģûء̫ϵְ£һܺö˶˵ͬ㽲
վϸ̫һ̫ɫ󣬲˻˰ֵӣַ


72 
ֲ̫ӺԺܲһλǳԳжģ̫ϦԣЩġ
ǣλܲ룬ʵҪһ
ģܲǳж֧ԭҲԼԸģƽﶼֻԼķš밲ʱųһˡ̫һ
̫˾ͽʱ򣬳жһֱ̫ӵţҪ̫ӵĵױͽ
ÿʵ۶̫ѡģϱʮ⡣ҲԸóжҵĹҵʡõʱ˶λá
Ϊʵ۶̫ӵı±ʾʮֱֲּλԶˡ
ԳжһԼҵ֧ҵĹͽ˶
˵֧ҵĹҲ̫ӵıã̫Ϊ˲
ֻλܲ˵ڽ֮ǰѾ˳ɻĶֻǱжλˣӲԧ죬ͽ˹
ԣλܲ˵ϳжʽˣڱ͵͵жĺǶǺõġ
ǵãһʱܵʵڲ񻰣ǻҪǸʱҶ֪Ĺȥ̫˵
˼ǣǸʱжֽţ̫˼ʵ
ɵ㻳ÿ̫үĵӰЩɻ
һеӵ̫Ӻһûе̫ӣ֮Ĳ໹Ǻܴġ˵ӣͱ̫Ӻˣվ̫һߵҲܹᶨ֡
ж̫ӵĸңѲؼĵط಻壿
̫еӣҪ̫ӵܼѪĵӡ̫˲ԼĲյĲҶǳܼҵ̫Ȼǵжˡ
˵ӣ̫һϵ˵Ǻ£˳ж⣬ϾԭӣһسжĵĿԾԽСˡ
ΧøͭǽƵģ˵ڰߵʱҲûʲôɵõط©Щס
֬̫Ҳ֪ǸʱɫʵѿӦʱٲͿһЩ֬ų棬˭֪ǾȻͨ񸮵ˣֽ֬š
Ժ֬ҲѾˣ͸ˣȻ޶֤ˡ̫ЦһֻҲˣǶֽŵ֬Ѱ֬ɫҪЩ˻յѾֻϲһвοܲ˳͵Ҹǰ裬ŷˡ
ûа̫ӣ仰Ȼʾ䣬˴𰸡
Ͼ̫͸̫ӣ̫ҲΪ˻ʵʰжʵìˡ
жĸң֤ȷ䣬ڵ̫ǰҲһšοҲֻƲѣ֤ݲһµ̫֬
Ͼ˿ж̫һģô̫ܶӵĵӶֽšҲ룬̫үܲܵϻλһء
˵ϱ̫һ仰ŵĻҵģæֹ
ҵǺ˵үǼλֵǿɶҲѾء̫
̫˵һжܾôˣүЩֵǿҲûٳء
ϱ̫⻰˵ëȻҲûԣﲻ֪̫˵Ҳʵ顣
˵ĸҲǹŵڣǻϵĵһӣʮܳ衣
˵̫ӻҪС꣬ûгɻӣĸǻʵΪ谮ֹŽ֯˾һ主˵Ϊ
ĸĸңټЩڶһϣڳϣǱʵۿ޵ġ
˵ûжյ˼Ƕû˻š
˵Եģ⹬ͷвٱ˰Ķء̫˵űߣȴЦӯӯأҲӡ
ǰҪҰæԵĲ˵һǹ˼Ҿ컹ǿԵġϵǲֶ̫Ρ
ֻڶģ϶ǽ֮ǰͲ׵ģǾͲǴСģ󶼶Ǳ˵á
ʲôӣ󲻹Ǯ鱦Ǽ˵ǰ̡
ڹ㣬󲻹ʹĸȥһЩ˼һҹ֮䱩ˣǼֵͻȻ˲֮ģǾ׵Ƕˡ
ѲһģҲǣùǵĸĸֵвǰ£ʵҲò飬󲻹ǿûȻ˼ҵģǷ˶ծ֮ġ
£̫ڰֵԭҲŵزˣѾ֪˵ߣɱ°ߣÿƶˡ
̫ǴСŮֶҲеġ
֮ǰ̫Ӹ̫˵˶жֲ̫֮ûգҲͲ֪Щǣ˭ˣ˭ǹˡ
ֻ̫úܣֻҪ̫ӻ̫ӣôĶӾһֱС
θɾˣֻҪ̫֮λڣǾһֱ˶ˣ
ЩӶˣǵЩѾϵ˼ӣƽ͸¶һ޹ʹϢҲͰˡ
ҲʡðЩϵ˴ˣһЩԼûĶӣŲء
*****
ֺ˵˵⣬ŷ֣ĿԣŷҲûʲôطȥġ
ҪȻȥǶ˾ͽʵãЩβҿ
ҲɣҰȥƣ˵ã㲻ҿɲֺЦ˵
˾ͽ鷭˸ۣôɵƵģһ쵽͵ŹΣòһÿյģ̽һ¹Σ
˵Ҫ۹ΣҲͲðҺҸǸʳһء
˵ţ˾ͽҪȥ
ֺ˾ͽ֪̫ϴǼҪˣҪ˾ͽȥǲˡ
ֺ˾ͽһۣ˵˵԰ľջһҪȻȥһͻ
ջʲôÿġȻ˾ͽô߶ţɽȴܳʵ԰ȥ
ԭ˵ȥ;գֻǼֺһڣɵȵ԰ĿľջֺǾ̾һ԰ƣй´ɫ˪[1]
˾ͽո븽һ䣬˾ͽ˵
Ҿ֪ЩСѧǳȻҪʫԡ
ǻû˵Ҫʫء˾ͽЦ˵
ҧĽʲô˼˺ɡ˾ͽЦ˵
ֺ˾ͽ˺СϷʵҲϲ˭ǽϲء
Ҳûʲô˺Ĺֺ߰
ʲôѵģ˾ͽתͷŸߵС̫˵ȥҹͼ˺
ⶼˣˣǰɡ˾ͽһ¡
Ȼǻˣ׽ֺη˾ͽɱ˴ס
˵Ż˻һߵ¡
лҪ˵[1]׾׵ʫϯϸ׾ա


73 
ߵ£ôһϸϸŮſǻ˵
ĸѾߣһŵɻʵôޣ
Ůһ˵ūԭǷȥ񸮣ͷġū澸ոΣ׼ȥʱһС̫ײһ£ε˵ˤˡ
ūǸʱһֱΣҲûסǸС̫࣬ȷӦǸС̫ͲˡǸŮ˵˵־ðûڣصر߿ޱ˵
񸮻˰ʱõģԭģˤˣֲˣūҲ֪ΰˡ
ҿ߻ʰǸѾ߷һԵκӣ˿ͻĵҲأʵĸ˵ˣһ±ǣαأ
ģĸƣزΪġ߻ӻһǸѾߵ
˽ʫﻨ˴Ǯ񸮴ģﻹδһξͱū澸ˤˣضĲū澡ѾǶ־ĺܡ
¼Ȼײˣ˵ҿͷʽÿûȥο߻º͵˵ڻмأͷȥˣ޺ٸĸͻȥ
ĸ϶׷ˡ߻ӵ
Ѿ߱ǧлҪ¸߻ӿͷ
˾ͽԱȫʵ̲סˣվ˵壬ֻûгɻ飬˵ͷûȥοǹҲţ˵ҵƤûȥİɡ
ֺ˾ͽԭ飬ֻǻһͰˡ
ֻһ񣬵˾ͽ˳ȥֺ˾ͽ񶼴ӱ˴˵пΣֻܸ˾ͽһ˳ȥ
ֺĿ˾ͽ˵Ǿ仰Ժ߻ӵɫһ¡
ֻǣλ߻ӵıѧʮֵĺã߻ֻһͷ̧ʱֱһӡ
飬ôҲ߻ЦʵȫһͰĳӡ
ԭҪ˺ֻûеԱǵš˾ͽŲСλĶԻǹ͵
£ԭҲڣЩ׾ӣֻһʱ֮䣬Ҳ벻ĺ÷ˡ߻һ˾ͽæӣȻôæ͸ˡ
ūл¡ѾҲʹĺܣҲл߻ˣæ˾ͽͷľ֮ūΪֻ±ӵţˡ
û£Ҳлҡ˾ͽֻܴİڰֵ˵Ǽ£ɶ˵ǶƤӵ飬ֵлҡ
˾ͽ⻰һõļֺֿ߻ӵɫֱһ£ƫƫ˾ͽʲôûз֣ȫǸѾء
ǻ˼ҲܾˣϽȥɣ˾ͽһΪѾӣˣġ
߻ӵɫǱֱ䣬¶ͼ˵ġ
ӱƲǸͷͼֽȥʽͷ档
ٵԼߵѾȥȡͷ棬ȻⰲС̫λѾ߳ʱײλѾĶ
Լ䵱
Ǹͷʽ˿ӣ˿ĹΪɲǽɼϸ˿ģпյģûѰǰأͷҲȻóء
ﱾͱѰҪ࣬Ҫ˿пյģҪСı棬Ǿ
߻񸮵ߣ˿ͷ棬ֻѰϻûй̶
ֻҪʱС̫࿴׼ʱϣԺýǶȥײѾߣѾϻӱضַɳȥ
һˤ˿ͷضᱻˤñ״
߻֪ģһƵˣ˶ƢáԼߵѾ߶
͵˿ͷ棬ϴչͷߵѾȻҲ֪ͷӳ̶ȣȻܵͷ
ѾҵʱԼվѾ߽⣬ôߵѾ߻öأ
ӵĶӣЩǮȥҪã
ϾǮĻǽͷݣǮˣԸΪ¡һûܸܱ㡣
ʩˣǶжǻ϶ǶĹġ
߻ԭƵĺúõģƻΪ޷ˡ
߻ˣʱеϢԼ֪ЩСϢøʵĳ谮
߻ôҲ벻ԼƻĺúõģôͻȻ˾ͽҧ
ȡһ£ֻһĻӣܸӣϳĻᶼûС
ĸסƫһһıϢ
߻ӣֻܱԼʵְ·һҧģҲֻװԼҲֻǲӡ
߻һ£ˢһˢѾߵĺøУ˾ͽ˵ͷ͵ȥٲõʱĸ֪ˣ·ҵʱѰȥޡ
ȻѾԭҪߣ⻰Ժæع߻һ
ѹ˶˵ߵǾȿѵߵ¾Ȼūܵ
ֺԭǲͽ˾ͽһ̬ȣԹ۱ǡ
Ͼ߻ߵѾߣʲôϵ
߻飬ʾԼǵܵ飬ֻҪտһ仰
ֺЩˬˡ
˰ﵽףȻ˵ϲߵóȥޣʱ׷˵ˣֺοߵҲû㣬˵˿յĹ٣ߵҲҰɡ
߻û뵽ֺվټϼֺ˼ﰵﳰͷûпõˡ
ֵôûл˿յĽˣѰֵġ
ϧˣ߻Ҫʵɽۻֻװûп֮ˡ
߻Ӳϵı鶼ûס
ƫƫֺһû߻ӱӣԹ˵˳ȥҵѰ˽ȥޡ
ѾߵҲߵѾߣ˵ûŮٵĵزɵҲߵĵˡ
ԭΪˤͷֲ̿Կ߻ԸԮȻֻ߻ӼֱǾȿѵúúñ߻ӡ
߻ӺͼֺΪ˭ȥޣٳһ
ҲˣζءҲ˲ͷûȥ᲻ᱻˡ
ֶԴˣǣ˶õġ
Ѿæ˵ˤͷ棬͸ܷҲ鷳ˡ


74 
ѵܳĹŮѾҲʲôɵ֪ܲ߻صµľ֣
Ѿ˵Ǿ仰Ҳ˲ʲô𱰣־Ͷ߻ǸϻӣҴ˵һ䡰ū澸ˡͿ첽ȥ
߻ûһѾ߻ԼǸϻӡ
ҪѾߵı֣߻ӱ֪ԼĴ㣬ѾҲµòˡ
˵߻ԭҲѾûнȦ׵ļƻҲˣʱǰ˵ǣԼժøɸɾ
ǿһĻ߻÷ɡոǸѾ߶ѾȦף޷ļƻõĻᣬԺɾѰˣ߻ӲЩͷۡ
ֺеؿⳡ־磬·ոյ޹أΪһֶѾͻȻ
ֻһСӣ߻ӿżֺ⸱ӣȴˡ
ٹĳѾ߶Ѿ߻ӣ׷ȥҲˣ߻ӷ侲ˣǰ֮һ
ǰֲǵһμұˣôͻȻôʣ˾ͽЩԣ
߻ӱ˾ͽ⻰һ£˻˵ԭֻǼǲ֪ٹ
Ҳߵµߵȫ˱϶Ҫѷɫˡֺһǫѷӡ
߻ӽ첻֪ΪʲôǸоԼױҭסǰСûһǺúŪġ
ڿֺôǫˣ˲ǼĶӣһòҪһѲ
⣬߻Ӳ뵽ٹܸʵĳңԼܹȡٹ֧֣ôôᵽֵ˿õĵز
ֻǿϧˣ̫ӵ
˵ٹûи̫վһϣɵ׿ɵ׺ܶ˶ĬٹҲ̫һϵˡ
ôһ⣬ԼȻմһڣ߻Щˬ
ԣҲǲմһڡ
߻ͻȻ뵽ٹɲֹһӡ
Ҽǵ弸ǰոȢ¸¬Ů߻뵽ٹĴӣûԣֱӾһ䡣
߻ӻ̫죬üֺһʱ֮䶼ûзӦֻӦһǣǰøոճɻ顣
߻ԼˣͼͬͬĸμֻǱȼ˼
һܼ̳оλֵôļҲһȴֻܵʱֳȥּҵ֧
߻ԼΪĸҵλԣҳֻܵø̫ܵǴ󱦣Լģο
߻ͻȻ⣬ԼǼͬô
Լͼһûλһٹľλⲻô
߻ڴģ룬ٹӣֵܹϵãλ˭̳еģҲηġ
ϱǳһң˵֮ϲȽϡ
żҺ¬ңǵҡ˵񣬿żӺպգүŸ࣬ӶҪְżҵĳŮ̫żҪ¬Ժնˡ
ɵϸ¬Ϊ׵ʱżҵ涼֪أ¬ҿɱżҵˡ
߻ԼʮڹпЩʱȵճľ¬Ͽ϶Գַ¬ϳѹһͷ϶ﲻ
ֳλѲ¬Ҳ뵱̡ܼ
߻Ҳ֪һˣҪӣԼóóȻȥֵĽ飬ͬ⣬Щٹ
磬¬֡
߻Ѿͨ¬ϵͷ磬üվԼԼõٹ֧֡
ֻϧڹûпѰҲܳȥȥʶ¬һլˡ
Ҽǵø֮ǰùú̽͹飬Ǽҽ껹ðڶ£߻ʵ
߻ǻгˡ
ĸһŮʵ۾ƺҺã֮Ҳûܹ裬ֻסеƫѡ
ԵĻӶĸңԲǲĸҵˣŴ̽Ϣ£˵ӻĸԺգ߻ӵĸҲϺȣѾǺõˣƽ߻硣
ջ߻ӵѧμǸָϢЩϸ֦ĩڣ˶ע⵽ϢﵽԼĿġ
߻ӵȻǼ¬ϣҲûοõŮȥӴ¬ϣĸûеټƷҲƽ޹ټһӴŵ
߻ԼΨһ¬ϴϹϵĻֺٹĹĻ¡
ٹĹ߻־ÿϧúλĹ࣬ٹŮֺαӬӪ
ֻϧûӣɸһ̽ͻ飬ȴ벻߶ӣҲǣҪɻء
ֺ߻˼ӣﾯ
͸ոտ߻ӸǸѾµ壬ܿ߻Ūģո߻ӻ˶ùá
ԼҶȻƽ￴Щ߶߶ģϸùø˵ѩŮùȥҵˣ񶼿Ϊˡ
ֻԼҶ壬˵ԼҶҲͦġǵ׾ӵ壬嶼ܱӽȥ
߻ӣ֪ڴС֣ƻһһ
ֺãҪ߻ҪԼҶ壬Ƕ屻߻ˣǮء
ֺ࣬ȴǰ㶼ûбֳֻûвһһСӵɡ
أٹ¾͵ðùú͹øĻˡֺЦʱء
ǵʱɵøҷһҲȥմǸ֡߻Ц˵
ҿߵµȥ游˵أֺһֻǸСأɲܲôࡣ
ֺɲԳơˣһãͲСˡ
ֺֻһһңһҾһСӣ㻹ܸСʹۣ
߻ӱֺ⸱һҭﰵǼģ滬ġ
ٹȥҪճڣٹ;ء
ҪǼֺҪƭһ㣬ȥеĳ˵Ҽߵ£˵մչùû֡ȥɲǾˮô
ֺҪǺƭոѾ˳°ˡ
߻Ӽֺβֵȥǰͣ½͵ˣԼʱûͣ˻ֵĸ
߻ҲĸǰС̫ˣֻЦ˵ˣҵõٹҪǣˣҲǶ˵ˣԼɡ
߻ǰŸߣȥѾҲˡ
Ҳˣ׽ȥɡ˾ͽżֺ˾ͽȥץ
㣬׽ɣڻȻȥɡ˾ͽȴ
ֺҲ˾ͽĬúܣֻ˵ǻûȥĸ˵˵ոյɡ
лҪ˵߻ӣǶȻ֣ҴӼǶְɡ
ֺ:ҶǶǲţҶʵ̫ƭˡ


75 
ֺ˾ͽ񣬻߻ӶףոǸѾߣȻӦˣôȥȻ㱨ոյ
߻ҪҴҵĻȥҪȥǰͣҪѳȥ
ǽΪǸȻǼõı
ֺ˾ͽȥ˵ҪҴһȥ
жոյˣ̫һϵͷǷƮҡʱʵڲϸһ𽻶ʱ
ȻﶫϵҲòȥ
ֺţµ̫Ͻ֪ôҲи׼
˾ͽȴһ״ӣⲻǸճôҪȥˣ
ոշǵҳǣһȥǡ˾ͽ
˾ͽ˾ͽЩ޿κΣԼҽԼҪأȷǸһƵġ
Ȼȥȵ˰ڸ͡˾ͽֻȺ˾ͽ
⵹Ҳпԭ
ʼұ͹٣̫Ǳֻһͳ˵ĳ˾ͽһĸûһҲֻӣ˾ͽǻʵ۵ĳŮ
˵̫ӶԼճŮʮ۰Ҳ˵ʵ۰ԼŮ飬Դ֣ƽҪǵġ
ӣϸ̫ͷɻ۲˾ͽѰʱ˾ͽ飬޲úʹȥһŮ
Ǻ˾ͽСϲٵֶˣۣҲԲ˾ͽӡ
˾ͽлʳ裬ĸ̫йŹ񣬹ֻж˾ͽֺõķݡ
˾ͽСһΪĻ³ģôۡ
ԭ̫¹˾ͽ̫ɵƭˣҼ̵֣˾ͽ飬˳Ҳ˾ͽ齲һǰľ£ҲԼҹﳤ۳
̫ȴһֱԻԼ˵ԼŮͻСأͱˣҼŮ˭ҺŪأ
˵ˣǻֵܿô
ԼôӣԼҽ㱻ƭˣ
ôţ˾ͽɵԸҲһֱûбŤ
ôôͻˣ̫Ͻ꣬׼ԵģȺȴû뵽ĻûأֺǵȻˡ
˾ͽһһʮĽոյ飬̫󻹸ԼĲ²⣬߻ӱضǰ˦
˾ͽź֪֪ԭոѾˤͷ棬߻ӳæƺõġ
ǹĺ˰˾ͽЩףһ
Ƶô𣿡˾ͽһ۵
֮ǰǼٵģ˾ͽЩš
ҵĺý㣬ɾͳİɡ˾ͽ̾˿
̫Ҳ˵Ұ̵̫Щ
ҸոǲǲӦóҪû˵Ҳǣ˾ͽС
Ҳ£̫˾ͽͷ˵Ҫ߻ӿܶǶ϶ˡ
̫˵Լ˾ͽ̵̫ˣʶİŮ
˵ǶҲ֮Ͼ̫֮λǸͷ˭һڣϥ¿ɻиء
ǶĹϵǰϵĲãټҲúܣ˽ЩֶΡ
߻ȴǱ濴ŷ£˽ȴ֪ʲôףȽȻô򽻵
ǶĸҪֺ߻ӻȥߵڰףΪǶ밲ǾͲˡ
£̫Ц˵˵ãǹҲм֪δء
̫¶Ҫһ˾ͽ飬ĴҪ˾ͽ
ǹЩҲ˲ٵİװһֱţĵطǰ弸Ҳ޷
ֻ֮ǰЩ۵ĵȥ㰢߽ǰϲ϶ЩԭҲţֻҺǰ˼ǣһװһװѾʧʥˣҲÿ˵Ŀ
ЩԭҾʹţպ㡣̫߻ʩðڹƸ߻ӡ
һãֺ̫Ļ۾һԼĸܰѶѳֵܲ͸Լеѧء
̫һ֣һðѶĲֶӸϳȥݾߡһ棬ãҲѶͷǼժȥ
ƣǹҲôࡰ߻ӡµİأƲ˸߻ӵĹϵܰʾ߻ǻҧ˵Ĺء
߻ӣ
̫żֺ˾ͽһõģֻԼҹŮ곤һһ¶ӣ̲ס̾һ
СأԼҽ̾æȰͶˡ
ﻹС̫Щɸֵһ۰ɡ
ǲǰٸô˾ͽͷ
㵹ѧҰˣ̫û
̫ۼֺһҲһӣƽһ¶Ȼصӡ
̫ͷһؾãԼŮܺͺôˡ
˵ãǺ̫ˡ
СǶǽ⻹ͬǹ⻷ĴΪ̫ӵճӵݣòһһʲôӡ
ӣǼͬĵһȥ
ټϣٹĳǱضü̳оλġķˣǿ϶ҲҪڸŮ򽻵ġ
ǾͿӣܸ˴档
ԭ̫ţҪǼ޸裬̫ӰֵܣǴСһ𳤴ģŻ¿˵ٺòˡ
ֻ֪ԺԼҹŮϻ۵ĺٿȴ־ʵЩ䡣
ֻ̫ٿҿ˵ֻ̫ҵʵ۲ûʥּ⻰Ҳû˵ʵڲ䣬Ҳ˵ǡϷԡ
ʲôأ̫Ӵ߽Ц˵Ҳڰأôû
̫ǰҲûע⵽⣬뵽Ѿüûˣһ䡣
̫ӵʻ㿪ʼЦⲻٿ쵽ˣ⼸үء
⼸ΪŶ飬Ҳ˲١˿ڡľ
ԭΪҪѾµһ£񿴱ŷ֣ԭϼѵ顣
һֱ벻ͨ϶ô˱ŤڿˣȻǱƵġ
ʵ̫ˣȻöô飬Ժ϶ˡ
ֺ뵽ЩҲЦҲЦ˵ǽʱҵҸ仰ء
ʲô


76 
̫Щ棬ʲôü⻹ðͰ͵˼ֺ˵
Ұԭ̫Ͻң治˶ģҲ治˿ģѧȥˡֺЦ˵
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̫ӵȽ֮ĻˣǴҶͷ˼Ƚ̫ӵǻ̫Ҳͷ̧ټء
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ħǵӣ԰̫æ˵
أõȺЩ˵̫Ȱһ

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ͬʲôүɱˣܸһôֲƵģ顣
תͷżֺ˵ôԼӣߵأ
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77 
ֺֻǰ֮ǰʷϺҵ£˵ҪͯżҲһ˵ȴû뵽ּҵӣȻѧ
ֺոԼ˵ԶţЩڨڨġ
Ц˵ܸͯͯҲһġ
ⲻԱ˵һһϲϲأƽɷʱǸӣҵ֣顣
ϻûеȼ˵꣬Ķ⵹ǻͦԺԺҪǲ飬ҾҴүˡ
ⱻϾס˶䣬ģҲǿЦˡ
˵Ȼûʱˣͷһֺ˵
һɣӾе˵ģ˶Ķ𣿼ֲ뵽Լȥ飬ͷ֡
ЩƵɷҶȥ˵Ҫ˵СأõŸЩѲЩȥˣ̲ܵˣæֵ
ҲָдϢֻ˽ɷҲżʲôΥҼ͵顣ϵ˵
ⲻ֪ӵһΣֻ⻰ںԼæĵ̣ȻŵȴҲûΥɵ飬̾ߵСʡ
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ɫԽÿЩҲûлؼĻ
ҪһɷôͳûΥҼ͵ˣֺŸĸ֮æЦ˵һ޵ˣȻǲЩΥɵ¡
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78 
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79 
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Сֶոָֺ˼ӣ˵⼸λöû˵ģһмǸλûȿճɣ˵ǺҲ̫ǰ࣬ҪˣҪˣʱϸ㡣
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ŸʲôգȶҪݰɡԺҲѧǲѾڶˣֻ˵
ߵǰͷŷ֣ԭԤõλѾˡ
Ǻɡ¶һЦ벻ЦĽӲ
һǶ˵ķǣŲΪѧȨͶšһ֪ҹλصʱţԼٹĵճжãֻܶ̾ϢԼ̵ĲҰ࣬λ˵İ༶ɡ
˿ֺѧõʱһصĸˡ
һԲڵǾӣȻҲֻܽıࡣǰλźˣҪС٣ǲٹһ仰顣
ǣѧֺмֺȻλıֵֹģҲû룬ֻһҾ
ȻǵһҲÿ㡣ˣ뵽Լɫ࣬ŬԼͰһ㣬˵ԭǸ̫ѧϰģ֪Σ
ǧѾѧˣҲѧĲˡֺԼĽȿ϶Ѿȫѧˣ϶ô˵Ҳ֪˵ĽȸΣֻŸոռݰϵЩ飬΢һ
ѧĲˣû뵽ֺȻ˵ѧòˣҲ̫֪ǫˣﰵҡҡͷš
һֺ˳ҲһԼԴȨӵҲͨһһͬʣһԼķǣһԼѧʶˮƽ
˹ҪʼֲֺüֺԼΪҲó٣ʡ


80 
ѧ֮׳[1]ν⣿Цеؿżֺ˵
仰ҲǳԡӡȴƽǿѧЩͬ
ƽ壬ǶǴıﵥһ仰仰˼һ˵ֻҪѧǱ飬ֿע⣬ҲͲܻشˣҲѧòˡ
˸ֲֺͨ壬һش⡣
ǰɡӡǰ仰һȥһ֡ԭ仰Ӧǡ׶ѧ֮׳֮[2]
ֽش⣬Ѿ׼ҪԵˣѾ˵˵Ȼǲѡ
Ƕڼֺ͵ѧ˵ѧòʵһ㣬֮ǰû˽ش͵ģǿ϶ǻش𲻳
ֺǵøոʱѧĹ»˵ѧĿԺһ£ѲѾˣѧҪʼ˽شˣ
ⲻӦҰ࣬ҰڵĲſʼѧô
ֺԷ㶣ĵһصĻϲƣ̫ĵΣӵΣ
϶Լֺ̫ͣ϶Ҳֽش⡣
ݰλþڼֺλԱߣֺվţǵͷȻǿǵһĨЦɼݰŵģһ̧ͷÿ˵ı顣
ݰԭʱΪһѧϿεģݰҲԼ̹˽ش⣬ݰҲǶӣҲ֪Ӧû仰ץû¸ֺһʾ
˿ֺû˵ټҲֺǴ𲻳һЦ˵̫Ҳû̹㣬С
ֺ˻ǵЦ⣬ѾԿ϶ˣǹҪΪء
ϧֺǸϻƹˢģ˵򵥵ġˣѵġ⡱ֺܴ
˻û˵ֺ꣬Ҫû´Ӧһش⡣
˵ֺ۲һ˵ı飬¶صıԺдȥӦǳԡ.¡׶ѧ֮׳֮е˼ӦǣӦʱúö飬ʩչԼı
ԭżֺ𲻳Լ԰һԼѧʶȻշ˼ֺպҲðʾλСүԼŲλСүԼ̫ٹǰҪȱ
Ҫ֪ľֻҪ·Ҳȥٵġ
ٹ̫ԼѲɻȥһﵱ֪أ
˰ʲôˣû뵽ֺȻشˡ
ĨЦûջȥֻһӲı飬εЦû뵽ĽȾȻشⶼѾѧˣǺǣǳҵˡ
ԭ˻м򵥵⣬żֺشش𲻳ԺʼֺҲʡλСүΪش𲻳үƢôҲûˡ
ŬһԼ棬һ˵ˣ°ɡ
ֺһۣȻʵûҪˣ
ˣǿʼѧϰɡȴûֺǴѧ˵鷭ƪ
ֺҲԼһ͸ìܣⲻͬҲã䲻˸ոΪҪΪ
˳⣬ֺҲûн׷Ųŵ˼Ըͬѧһ𷭿ˡӡȻϾˣҪλνѧġ
ԻǴѧǽƪһ顣
⵹ѰĲֺˣҪν̣ʵҸոմŴҶһ飬ҿɶסˣ
ѧмϡϡסˡ
ֺԭͦøѧģһֺ̼˵ˣôԼȰѹƪϰٶʮɡ
˵꣬ҲѧǵķӦԹԵؾԼλϡ
ֺһμӵĽѧֻǴѧǶһ飬ȻѧԼһʲôٶʮ飿
ûнƪע⣬Ҳûнеĵʣ˼ûнֱͣѧԼ
ʲôѧʽ
ֺЩȦܱߵѧӦϰֽʽô˵Ҳ⣬ֻԹԵؿʼ
һֱôѧģֺСԱߵļݰ
ǰݰѾϰˣ˵ҲͦȻˣ˵ٱ飬ԼֻҪܶϰٶʮ飬ݶסˣ˼ҲԼˣȻҲҪˡ
ֺͻȻˣΪʲôѧƺƴȴٳ˺ͽʿŶС
Ƕ˰ٶʮ˽е˼ֺĽɿɻʼݰ
̫ǶٶʮԺҵܰ¸ϵļƼͷ˵ҵ˵ӱݰ
ݰƼĻæڰ˵ҲҲȥﳭ״Ԫע⡣
ﻹע飿ƼµĴţҸҲȥһ
ұ඼ô̵𣿡ֺʵ
ƼҡҡͷҲûֵİˡ඼ߣԸǱġ
˵ѧеѧǶоϵģ˭ԼòõȥҲ±˸ϳǣȻǲ˸˽ѧϰġ
Ȼǲ֪ν̵ġ
ݰ˵ҵżô̵ġ
ݰֺγֽ֪ʵڵǣϴݰֳĬˡ
壬ڿأǻǸϽɡƼƳڿǣˣæ˵
˵꣬ƼæͷʼԼǰ飬ոˡ̹Ĺƪ
ݰҲ˵Ҳæʼ顣
˵ٶʮ鲻ɣֺվ˵ٶʮ¶ѾѧˣѵӦȸǽһƪĵ˼
ٹĴһ͸Ҷײ
СЩɱҡ
ֺԺʹС۵ֺҲ⣬ֻؿˡ
Ǿðٶʮ̫ࣿ˼ֺվʣϣһгӡ
ǡֺᶨ˵ҲΪٶʮԺ֪е˼
ûܹ࣬Ȼǲܲ׾˿ʼƣǣõȻǲ֪ƶ˼ҵĺٶʮ鶼ûǸǶ
ʱƶ̵ǿԼϰٶʮ飬ſо˵ġ
˽ʱǸ飬һǼֺ࣬õֲԸڷܶģ
ݰżֺ˵ĶԻʶסԼ۾ͼַʽӱܡ
Ҳٶʮ鷽ԣϴλҲ·ԼֻҪһֻʮ鷽ԣԼԼõĻ¶鶼֪ù
ݰǵãԼͲ֪ùıǩԺԼָָͬģصԺ׵ֵġ
ֻλӦԼͬøԼһ³
лҪ˵
[1]лֳġƾ١š
[2]ӡ¡


81 
⻰Ժ󣬼ֺһ㶣Ǳ˵Ļס죬˵ȥ±Ͳ֪ùıǩǼֺû뵽ôҲһλˣôʡ

ֺһȦΧͬɫò˵λĵ°ܵʵò
ҪԼһӦԵòãͲ֪ùԼǱˡ
ֺǰʷʱʲôûִƵģַֺӾܽˡ
˲Ҫôֺ;ħԸħ
˵ڷܣȻĸߣҲЩǮȫܹ飬游Ǵ壬Ҳ˵ġ̵
ǳĸôǺܸߺôӶ˴뱲ˣ࿼˾ˣҲֻЩǮôԼʮ˴ʼӵʳôЩǮ˼ֺĻɫ췢ˡ
ԭΪáѹֺʡЩӸٸҶײ
ֲλСүŸģ԰Լĳ͵λġ
ֺÿҲ֪˵ɫѾÿˡ
ô
ֺҲᰡ
ֺԹ˵ֻҲΪƷȴûոѧʱɼеĳǽ̵ɣ꣬Ҫÿ游Լ֮䣬ֻΪܸ游飬ѰһĺӣǸʱӦöڸĸĻء
ȻѧĿƾٽɼȴҵģΪŲ׹֮־ҲΪŲ游ʧԣÿһգøʦϰ䣬ʱӽӶˣڶ᲻ɺҧ֡
ֺôһ޲ңЩͬǸı˿ڷ硣
ԭΪٹĸŮƣǿ϶ֻҪÿշſֱˡ
ǰҵ˵أٹķ˵ԭһĽأԼҪͶ̥󲮼Ҿͺˣ뻹ˡ
϶۰˵ˣܶ٣͵óе١
µ˽ɫ˴룬û뵽ֺȻҲˣֻܳԴϵողҪ˵ٶʮ鷨ôôǿʼ
ɸողȿʼ˵Լʱļô
ֺװһ޹ӣһҾѧģ˹þͲιȥˡ
Ҳͷһѧ飬궼ٶʮ󷨽̵ģֱʡʱʡԼ̶ô̡
ʲôѧѧòãǲ˵϶Լùûǰٶʮ飬ñ
ڼҲûѧǶٶʮ飬ϾЩӸǲԸܿ࣬˶ǳϷŪȥܵһң˵Ǹѧǲ֪ϧڵĺӡ
ö֮û˸ˡ
ԭŽԸֺҲˣǴϻЩɵ׻ǸأۣùԼôˡ
Ҳû뵽ԼȻڼֺ˿
ֺɫֱ䣬ǲ˵Żһҩ
ѧ˵ô࣬Ϊ˵һ㣬鱾һ飬Ϊ˾ٶʮ鷨ã;˲Ըùֺ˵
ݰֺĻԺ۾ԽԽû뵽Լ֮ǰԩȻһ챻ϴˢˣҲñǡ衱õԸù顱ˡ
ȻǼҲѾȥˣڳǸ׵⣬Ҳû˻Լǰ˵Լù֮ģЩһһԼ
ݰһֱ϶ЦģȴѾٴ룬ȻǾҲùұ㲻õˡ
ոҲ˵ˣʱ̵ֻͨٶʮе˼̵ģΪҪͨû̵ʱķأ
ֺЦӯӯؿˣ˵Ļȴ˱ѲǼּһؽǵģǻؽֻΪǼּҵӵһƽ˼ҵļࣿ
ڳЩѧǣҲͼֺʸ˵
Ͼڵļ϶ڽǱߣеĳϢҲǱߵ֮ʹˡ߾ׯӹӦʵǲȻ֮ǰҲҪЩ﹩ʱ֮裬ΪżͼĻ£Ҳһֱûׯӡ
Ծ˷úѧ϶ٹǮţ˵ѧΪ
УһǾģʹѧȻּ֪ҵѧǮ
ֺ⻰˵ɫһס
ּѧﵱǾһݸнĻ
־üּҴתĵģټϣôһļּңȻҲȱǸǮѧÑǸģṩסĵطܰټҾ졣
ƾżּѧЩǮ˲ھǴ󣬾Ӳ׵£ȵصһƻԣܽҾҲӵ
ּȺˣѫǿֻЩżּңЩµġ
ЩвƷС٣Բڵľ˿ⶼܸʵˡ
˵ء
ЩһԼģôҲȥһĻţչ¶ԼĲŻ
һֱΪԼǴֶּѧþõг
û£һˣǾǴ󣬾Ӳףûȥ
ɿ˾ǵķƵԼưܺƶ񤡣
ԵĲ˵˵ǵƷ֮ȫͲܱȵġ
һʱ֮ɫ벻ԼһֱΪ˵ķǣһֺ
ɻûȵ˵ֺ˵úһɡ
ҪŹ
һϲҲʲôֻ˵ҪȻٽϿΣ
ڼֺǰһԼѧʶ˵ԼϸΣ֪ԼʶؾڻĵĸоҲûƽʱЩǡ
ƽѧֻǰϣЩǰ֮ŲҶ˵ǰٶʮ顣
ʵѧѿǰٶʮ󷨾ѡ
˵Ƥ챻ֺȵŵȥˣԭǵҲѧǰˡ
˵ҪϿΣµѧһƬ˸ǳⲻסѧֻŸֺͼüֺ档
ֺԭûʰˣΪ׷ˣֻ־һӣü־ʰѡ
ȥҼ־״أλȶ档
޷ʵĽֻܴҴһ䣬ξ͵Լɡ
ѧԭҲͲԾģ֮󣬶ʼ˽Լϵõͬոյ飬ţ˶żֺ˾η
壬лл㡣ݰվԭǸһֱЦһʲôСֶգضżֺ˸Ҿ
ֺݰ⸱ģŪЩͷԣлʲô
ݰ죬ԥã˵˵ԭ˽ӶģֻҸΪܽύ㣬ŰֵתѧϿΡ
˱֮λĽѧ֮ǰȫ֮ͬǰҲһǰٶʮ鷨ԣȴ۹ˡ֪ùն壬ϴԩѩ
˵ʱ򣬼ݰҲ˵Ц⡣
żݰĻ˼ǣѾǵһҵֶˣ
ԼĴֶ˵Լԩѩཱུ֮ϻһЦֺԽʵǿɶ


82 
壬ɲֹݰһ֮ǰ巿壬Ҳ˵裬ٺȥ˽ӶˡƼԱߴ˵
Ǹʱ򣬾үûѧݰҲԺأȻǲ֪顣ƼһѾѧˡ
ڻҼּӵֺܰƼ⻰Ժҧгݵ˵
ֺԭǶж︣仰ʵŷߣҲϲ˺ΣֻҪΥҼͣⲻ͹ô
ڣֻҪ뵽ּҵӵԭܿԳΪһѧ֮ʿҲܿԿƾٽǶҲûʲô츳ǿֻԶ飬Ȼһ¡
ֿܣüּԼҵӵܣڼּҵѧּһǮ˵裬кҲ֪ùתѧ
пЩԭ츳ѧӣȴٶʮķһĥԼĶ֡
ֺԭţλðٶʮ鷨ãֻ⡣Ȼǲ̵ּѧӣɺôҲ˾˵ıѧ֮ʿ˼Ǽƶֺ࣬ԭţôıְλѧ֮ࡣ
˸ϳּѧ̫
ʵҵǾİٶʮ鷨ҲСƼԥһԺ˵
Ϊʲôô˵ֺüͷƼ
ݰҲͬʱ˼Ƽ
ƼԭҲرóԴǵģټôתȴҲ֪ʵ㲻ʲôԭͲ˵
ټСͬʱԼƼԽˣ˺ܾã˵Ӳôʹԭεʱ̵ʱöҲסˣһؼҾȫˡǡǣÿնһٶʮ飬һؼҵʱ򣬶ܰƪıҵ
ҵﶼҴˣٺ١ƼͷԼĳ̲סЦһ뵽ֺͼݰԼæϵЦ
һٶʮԺе˼𣿡˵ƼΪ˵˻ݰҲûΪƽʵ
Ƽͷֱ׳˵Ϊұ
ƼһұҲ˼ⲻǺı飬ǰѼݰͼֺ춺Цˡ
ǰǸ̵ʱ˼ôֺżݰʼƼ
ˣҼǲסƼ˵
ûҪҲϸ飬Ҳϰٱ飬ֻҪʮ飬ܼǲסֺʵǲ´˼ˡ
ҲǣǺ壬ɱ׶ˡƼЦ˵Ҳ˵ˣǼҾûǶӣҲûʲôֻʶ֣ôܿ飬ܹپͳˡ
Ҳ㿼٣ֺʴ𣬡ƽҲ䣿
ʦңҺҸҵءƼЦ˵
ֺ˼ƼĻһһֺûǸ⣬ͿոոԼ·ļֶأԼ˵ѧȥһˡ
үүǲѧݰֶһţ²ǲȥ־Ƕ״ˣæżֶʵ
ֶؿݰҲϤݰĻѵһݰֱ
ѵֶ꣬صǻشһ¼ݰĻոѧҹȥʱȷʵѧòǾ
ֶҲһӸֺԲںһ䣬ֺء
ݰﹾһ䣬ҲûֶصĻֻżֺ˵֪ͺ͸ȥѧǶҲʡ˶ȸ״
ݰԸΪҲֱֻ֣档
ƼԭҲûô࣬ݰôһ˵Ҳæֺʼֺġ
£Ҫȸ״еǷֱ峤ֱءֺʲôû֪ȥ״ˣҲúܣ˼οһԼֶ
ֶصһ㶼ӣѧļʵڲάһѧõļɣҶ㣬ԼԼ飬ϸѧˡ
־òѧҲЩֶ⻰ԺԭӵĿãˡ
߰ɣش壬ֶֺصҵһѧѧĶ֪أͷָ·
ֶԣæֺ·ߡ
ѧķ䣬棬ֶر߱߸ֺܵżװģҲװѧȥѧ̡
װΪѾ˹˶ģ徭Ƕ͸͸ˣ̣Ҳ̲ʲôԶƽʱԼģҪˣȥͼ־
ˣ־żֺ֣ʾֺϽȥ
ڿϱֺҭ˦֮ԭȥϼƾƣһԼƵ顣
ߵ·ϣǼֺȥٹ״Ĳ¿϶ͱסˡ
˿ǼٹѷǼּ˵ѧȫ˵ĳġ
ԽԽԼҪǲȡʲôж͵ʰˡ
ԭ׼ȥˣڰۻؽŲȥ˼־
ԭΪ־϶ҪԼѵֺģѧҲͼ־ܱȵùֺ
ֺҪȥ״Ҳͼ־סֺ
ȻҲҸ־˵Լƽֻѧٶʮ鲢ѧֻŰٶʮ鷨˵¡
ٶʮ鷨ʵ־Ҳ֪Ǿܲ׾˼־
ټϣ־ԭΪ˽ѧԺѧϰٶʮ飬ι̼䡣
־һţѼּҴתġ
ּҵӵǣ඼ǼⷢͷԼ򵥵ģЩǹŪʽֻҪǰһ飬Ƕܼǵεء
Щǧϸʮ飬òˡ
־˵ٶʮ鷨Ҳѧߣ϶ЩӵǶμǰǧ徭
ԣ־ֺİٶʮ󷨣־һֱһЦ⣬˼䡣
һֱ־վһߵġ
Ҫ˵ԭֻ뱣סԼѧݻǮĹǱ־︽˼Ժż־֪ߵغļֺҲԼһڶ
ǵ־ԸȥҼֺʱΪ־ҪѼֺʹһ١
ˣż־Ҫ˼ŵٹӣûмѵֺ
ѧãֺֻż־һҾȴԼ־ߵӶͲѶ˵Ĳдϡ
ͷһѧϿοʲôӦģ˵꣬־̾Ϣһ䣬ûУǱߺá
ҪԼѧ̫ıѧ֮ʿ̵ӵܣǼּҺγܴתģ
־ֻǸֺѿ׼䣬ȴ͸ѵֺʦصˡ
Լѧӵܣ̸ֺӦӦأֺ˵
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ֺǼ־ųģټϼֺԼֶ־Ȼûдżֺܣƫһ˵ġ
־⻰ֻѯʼֺ龭ֱʵȴǡǲ̵òã
ʶΪֺûģҪʲô⣬Ҳ˽̵òá
ıּѧﵱĺò£֪һ˾Ƶ
ϣʲô׵ģ
ۼ־οǰٶʮ鷨ģǲΪԼѵֺġ
ȫû˸ոǻҪһڶ뷨ֻܹȫˡ
ֺȷʵûش־⣬ʵ󲮲֪λν̵ѧӵܵģȥĿΣ
Ϊ˽̵ֻͯЩѧǶֻҪܹᱳǧ徭˳ܹ˽е˼ҲͲˣҲҪΪѧǴɽ
Լ־ûϸעν̵ѧġ
ҵȷʵûϿΣֻ֪İٶʮ鷨ЩƤǰ¸ˡ־ֺԼʵشҲûгļӡ
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ֺ񶼲ָˣֻż־˵󲮲֪ܲλƽ˵ϿΣǴѧǶһ飬ʣµľ͵Լٶʮˡ
עһŲԻ˵ǶٱԼ
־һֱǸʵˣҲ̵ûԣֺ⻰־˼ؿˣȴ۹
־ʲô׵ģֻ̾һ˵ʶ˲ˡ
λҲ͵ֻ˵Ľѧ⡣ֺ˵λӵֽѧʽԣøַʽ˱ϡ衱
⻰ʲô˼־ںĪѧȺļּӵܣ˵˻Ӻ˼ּӵܣ־ﻹס
󲮲֪巿ĸ磿ֺһ֡
ŸǼּӵͦжֵˣԼ־ԼŵҲЩӡ󣬡ҼǵԭҲѧ飬ֻǺ֪ΪʲôͻȻȥԵ˽ӡ
ԭֵֺʱ˻Щԣּҵӵֶ̫࣬ࡣЩиֶԼǰ;аģȻǼǵúΣˣ˲ŲԸ˼ȥء
ɵ־˵֪ΪʲôȥԵ˽ӵʱ￩һ£֪˵ǸȥԵ˽ӵģ˾ͼˡ
ʱ۰ѼűߵʱǶô־жš
ֻϧҲû˹עŵı顣
Ǿ󲮲ʹĸΪͻȻͻ˽ӣֺ־еζԲˡ
˼ǣ־鼱֮ԼֱߵĲյûע⵽һ˦֣ӴŲյ˵ϣѵһ־ע⣬ֺֻ
󲮲ʹȥֺҲû½ֻۣü־ʹȥ
ЩʱԼȥģɱ˵ҪŶˡ
Ȼֺû˵꣬ɼ־Ҳ˴롣
ǣѧҡ˸ոҪ⣬ֱӱ־ˡ
ضԣ˵ǣʹȥŸʱ֪ˡ
־ѾǺˣԭԿУѧʵѧϿεġ
־Ϊѧʵ̵ѧٺʲİٶʮ鷨
ǽ̵ӵܣǿӺӵܻࡣ


83 
ּҵǱô˼ҲЩǮٸԼҶһеġ
ԣǸͯϢķҲ½½˲ٵͯ
ΪСˣⲻŵǵС˵ĲòĳһЩ⴦ǳЩ顣
Ŀ½½ͯʶؾͿʼύЩͯ˳ֺ˽˽ѧȥ·ҲѧֺüֺѧҲи˽⡣
ȻЩͯ곤꣬ڼһ˵˻˵ټЩͯҲ󣬻ļ仰Ѿĵʮˡ
ǶѾʼϻġ硱ˣ˵ѧЩ֪ˣ޲һԵض˵
иͯȥԼʰīʱֺѧ˹ȥϢżæŵģҲĸá
ѧȥˣЩţ⵹ǻû棬ǻļ̫ˣ⵱ôΪ˴̫ȥģ̫ȥܰѼⱣ
ⲻʶΪֺǷʲôô
ѾʼǲҪȥֺˣϾⷸʱǾôġ
ͯⲻżæŵؾıôҲû˽
ֻ֪СҲֻз˴Żᱻѧȥѵ룬ҲֻǼֺΪʲôűȥѧҲʶΪֺȻҲǷ˴
Ҹ˴˰ɡͯҲԼϵĸɸ绪żֻ˵ϽȥɣʵڲУүѧ飿
ıﻳǼֺ˴ͯôһ˵ǻ񣬼ææҪѧķȥ
ˣǼҸڸûʲôί
Ϊڹﱻ̫̫֮˵׵ĳ棬ҲʶΪֺҲ麬ذѵ
ֺ־˵˵ЩԺ󣬰չֺøϰءԼֺҲ뵢ʱ䣬ûܼ־δˣֻ־˵һˡ
ֺóԺӣҴҸֺ˵Ļײ˸
ϡĸոʹһ˵ô·͵ͷԭײԼԼҸ
һϲæʵײûУ
壿ʲôֺû뵽ĻҼ־ֻǻʲô⽻Ĳ¡
˵үȥˡֹСؿֺϸ۲ֺɫ¼ֺʲôʹġ
Ҳûʲô£˱־֮ǰֺҲԸԴ£ֻ赭д˵Ҹ󲮲һˡ
ûѵɡϸ˿ֺûп޹ĺۼʵ
󲮲ѵʲôֺЦ˵
ǾͺãǾͺáڨЦʮҵ˵
ĸڼֺ棬һԺ߻ȥߵһ룬ֺͻȻ˵壬Ҳ̫ܻڿˣҪȻȻȥɡ
ֺżŽߵ磬ûҲûǸСħɡ뵽Լ־ѧӳ̶ȣǾԲȥϿˡ
ʱҲ쵽ˣʱٰһҲ̫ܣ˷ʱ䣬ؼҸɷȥ
᲻̫ˣЩΪѣ뵽ոռֺ־˳ȥΪǼֺʲôίҪȥ
ԣ룬˵ҪȥҲСֻĿҪʰٻȥ
ֺ뵽Լոߵʱ黹ⷭķڿϣ̨īҲûе˵ȥʰ˿ٻȥ
õŸԶ֣æ˵ʰǡ
˱ãֺŷ֣һ뷨ѧҲ٣ԭ˲˵ĿѾ˴ˣֻǼ˻λ顣
ƼͼݰҲڣֻǼƼʰ˶ͯҲһҪ˵ӡ
ǻˡֺƼ͸Ƶģõ§żֺ˵
ƼڵңֺôܵʱЩ̫ڣҲþôѿˣ˼Ƽ棬ֻܲɫʵ
ƼԭҪȥģºѧǶѵšݰԼϵ飬վЦŸֺһ䣬˵ֶżƼ˵˵ôҲػˣϽȥɡ
ʲôʣֺЦŷһ䣬ҲżƼ˵ϽȥɣʰʰҲҪȥء
廹ʲôҪʰģո֮󣬴Ҷ½½ˣݰˣԵʰˡƼżֺ˵Ҹһȥɡ
ֺһƣȻԼԭ̯ŵѾ£ˣһϣԭ̨īҲ͵ˡ
ֻҪֺѶװͿˡ
ݰģֺЦŶżݰ˰Ц˵ҿҪúлݰˡ
ﵱúлǾ֮Ͷѡݰæ˰˵
ҲǼɫģżֺƼͼݰ˵æѼֺķıװ
ģðһͻȥֺݰϵĶûʰæʵݰҲϽʰˣһȥɡ
һõأȻȥɣݰЦ˵ãѧһ顣
ʲôƼո˵ʲôϵʹ˸˵һҲˣƼֻ˵һ룬ͱߵļֺ͵سһӣƼԼǾ仰ȥֺֻ
ֺҲûƼͣݰ˵ҸƼȻȥˡ
ȳ⣬ƼЩﲻסˣʼֺ壬ոΪʲôҰѻ˵ꣿ
ֺûشƼ⣬˼Ƽһ䣬Ƽ֪ݰǸʲôˣ
ƼͷǼҺݰԶݰ֮ǰոѧģҸҲô졣
ŶáֺҲᣬǶżƼ˵Ķȥɡ
Ƽֺ˻⣬ҲԼոձֺϵ飬ֻЦŶԼֺ˵ǼѧɽˣǶֻԼȥɣ߼·͵ˡ
Ƽ˵¼ֺҲ֪ȷʵƼ˵ͼ·ѡ
״ֺҲǿֻ˵·СЩǾȻȥ
ȥ֮󣬼ֺŻǶĻʷϱȻΪʲôô磬ټϼֺԭҲɡֱӾתȥ˶Ժ
ֺոսžͿϺ¬ٴĴϣһɫǮ׵ĵһϣɩһͬ
õļױҲ׼òˣױӣɻʲôȱģҲʹȥðˡЦŽĵӵݸ˵
ɩɩòԼԼļױӵġ
ȻҪˣԼļױЩߣ˵ÿױˡ
㲻һʱʲô˭ģ¬ҲЦŴȤʱɱ㱻ء
˵ţ¬ϴӹǼױӣ˼ĻãϽɡ
޷ֻӣ⿴˼ۣæˣֻ˵λɩɩܵȫˣôȱġ
ã㿴ױӣɲֻûʲôȱģյ˵Ц˵Ҳ㿴ױϵĶԼиҲʡñЩūƭˡ
Ҳˣɩ⻰˵¬ҲԼϵЦɫ˵мӣĶλκ֬ˮ۵ӡ
ñⶼСЩŸǮأŮ˼ңЩҲ˽⣬ҲͷĹƭǡ¬Ͻ˵պֻÿԼĸ֮ˣĵȥ￴һΣͲܹÿµˡ
¬ϵĻæͷ˵ɩɩҼˡ
ϵ¬˵꣬Ҳ˵ּҵ׸ڹǶֺ˵ھ٣ȴҲ֪ʲôʱȥϱˡ
⻰˵ҲҲЩݵģү˽͸ڷ磬˵Żʵ۵˼ֺܽҪųȥ
ԣұţ޵ׯӣһǾģȻСһЩƽĳϢС޵ĽˣһҶɩ˹ǶһֺųȥˣǸׯҲõá
û뵽ɩɩԼǵôϸж֮࣬Ҫվλɩɩ
Ϻ¬æסȻ˵ׯӣڸҲҪʲô˼ǸȽ޹ȥˣּڹյļտҶɩƽȥտʹõġ
æӦһã֪ˡ
˵Щׯӣ¬ϱ˵ױЩ·
Ůϲ÷ü죬ʽأͻһַҾţ˼ҲȱҲ·ֻǸһļ·ʱµӡ
ģұֻ˼ӵӣҪʲôʽֻԼȥ¬Ц˵ͷҲˣһЩճõģ飬ˮʯȸмϻӣʱʲôʽˣǱʲôʽġ
¬ϵĻԼļױϿͷдţɫʯʮϻʵЩ࣬ո˵õǶ࣬Ƽ˼ױӵһдѹʮ
ѼһҲ˲ֻ˵ѹҲ̫ˣʹá
Ҳʲô֪߹֮ǰϰҵĿʱûôѹֻѡ
ʲôʹòʹõģЦ˵ѹгү̫̫˽Һʹ磬ɩԸһȥ
ƴǣ˵ɩɩԭûж˽ͱһ仰»ȥˡ
ǶúЩء
˵ţͿֺվſڣֹס˻⡣
ϳżֺ֣ʾֺˣԣҪҪȥˣ
Ҿڰ䷹ˣǰļǺóԡֺЦ˵
УǾǸһ뼦ϺһϺ˰ɡ϶ܽ˵
ܽӦһæȥ
أֺҲϺ¬ϼֻȥ̼ȥ


84 
ڱɴأЦ˵Ҳȥء
ǸСħǣﻹҡֺ뵽ÿһǰˮԼϺŰԼ˵ѲԼҵܵܳصİ
䲻˵ôǵġЦŸԼҶӱ˸ƽһֱⰡģֻȥ棬Ⱨȥͷһ⣬ɻһֱ⣬⻹ܲΪ㣿
֮ǰǶʱ䣬ֺһֱԼڼ飬ÿ״򲻶ɡȻȥôϲֺ飬ȴҲϰԼҸÿԼ߶
ֺȥѧ飬Ȼû飬ⲻ͵ô
ֺ˵ҲһĶɵȥæ˵ǰȥˡ
Ҳֺֻ˵ȥȥɣϸŵ㣬õܵ˺顣
¬ϿżֺҴҵȥҼıӰ̾һֵܣȻϼ꣬ɹϵȴǺá
ЦŴȤһ¬ϵ ĽҲϽǼҶүһҲ˶󣬽Ǹһȥء
¬뵽Сǣһȥĳ棬ҲЩϣֻЦ˵Եء
ֺڼ䣬߿ҡŲ˹ڶء
ǻúöʱȥֺˣҲ˲øոһֱĲ˹ģֻżֺſ֣һҪֺӡ
ֺСԼﻹ̵סæ첽ߵ齱ߣһ§ס˼˹μı˵Сħǣôôԡ
Ҳֺֻߴ˵˼䡣
ӤֺҲֻʼ裬˵ʲôأ
˼ū澰Ѳ˹øɡЦ˵꣬ڼǿעӵĿУĲ˹ĵݸ˼ֺ
Ȼ˹ĵ˼ֺԺҲٶߴˣֻεֺһüֺӡ
ãҲûŲ˹ĸԼ棬ΪǸ粻棬ʱЩˣżֺӣҪӼֺǸ˹ġ
ֺû˼ֻΪܵ棬æѲ˹ĸ˼
˹Ժ˦˼£ֺֿһʼֺѧûСı顣
ֺﻹܲ׼˼ЦֽĲ˹˻ҡ˼¡
ֺĲ˹˵ķֳżֺЦ
֪ΪʲôֺܾЦУԼƿοı飬ʱ򵨱ӱɴԱߵļҳ֮ǰǱɡ
ֺһǵЦɷˣá
ֺӼóǱ֮󣬾û˸ոոǵ㻶ϲֻѸǽǣȥɶǽǣҲԸֺ
ֺϵϾͷҲЬһͬȻѼȦǽǡ
һʱ֮仹ûзӦȵֺڶʱ򣬼תŷ֣ԼȻǽǡ
żֺߴ˼
ֺԼӤҲֻԼԼͷĴɣ޸ȢߣȾʮۣ
ֺԼǶ飬ŭȥֺ顣
Դˣֺ˾ˡ
ҪֺæԼٸߵֺŵĸ߶ȣȻǡɡ
Ŭ˼Σʵǹţ㿪ʼֻƽʼֺ顣
һ޿ӣǰѼֺЦˣֺͣһѼĶӣ˵ͷҪ飬һأҲ㣬ҲԸѿࡣ
Ҳֺ˼ֻţֻܾصֳѽҪꡣ

չֺ绹ȥϰ䡣
Ѿǹؼ̵ʱˣ磬Ѿֵһˡ
Ϊٻ˶ԴһݣͻʱԼԴһˡ˭ִƶùεģֻǸӣֵҲֻаķݣܶ㿪ʽ
Ҳ֪ǷİԭһֱżʵڲǸܸʿӣҲʵڶԲִƵ֪֮
ںͼԴ˼֮㷢֣ڴ˷ǲ̫Уڶⷽ浹ЩЩĵá
Ծͽƫ棬ȰѼʽĲʱٽ̼Ŷֲע⣬һʤҲǸ÷ӡ
ԣһ磬ϲڰ򰡣ӱܰ·ϡ
ɰѶţżûõļ۵òС
˵ʱҲѾЪϢһˣϵĳì־Լʵʹúܡ
綼ֻҪԶļֺͼֲһ䣬Ƕɣ֪Ҳͷ˵Ҫˡ
壬ȷ𣿡üûĶ
ҲǾĲпģ֮ǰ־ҲǸӳ״ԪģСʱ򣬼־Ҳûٶټ飬ðְС
Ҿö黹öӣϰ䣬ôҪЩֻҪ嶯ˣԼʶʮҾûϰ򵥶ˡ
˵һϰﲻҪˣһ綼룬ʦһҪʲôطѵҪķ
Ǽ⿴ԼҶӺ͵ܵܣã·ֻҪԼǾ仰һڣվ͵Լȥ徭⻹ǰ仰ȥ
ڼֺվ˼֮Ҳʼֺ̼ʹˣü˶һԼ˳ֵԴõʽ
һʱûһ̽ĵ룬¼ֺС䡱ģҲԼ̫ͬһΪһ꽣ͣʮɱһˣǧﲻС
·ƽ֮£ԼĽͼºһƯĽ¶ȥκεĹ
ԣ⣬ֺѡ˽
ΪһԽ˵ϰ䶼ûʲôڻͣӡϵļֺһֱΪϰһʮ쪵顣
ʦŻһͬˮһĽǽӦǶ˸ɫıʯӦǷĵĺ⣬˿˾еսľĸоӦһÿĽ룬ʽɡ
ֺѡ񽣵һ̣ѾպԼ轣ʱûӢˡ
Сӣȷʵһ˳ֵֺǵãԼ˵Լѡǽʱ廹Ŀ¶ͣһ䡣
ȻĻȫˡ
岻֪ҳһֻһͨľݸֺ
ֺӵСľһ̣ˣ˵õأ˵õĽ͸أ
ʦľֺŵʵ
ǰһȻոտʼѧʱȻľ㣬潣Ҳ˵ˡ
޵´һ¼ֺһ仰û˵ڣ潣ĻȴƵ֮⣬ֺ᲻ǽ˵Ҫˡ
տʼѧʱľֺһûá
ֺ̲ס壬ʦʲôʱԿʼ潣
ľʹһ׵ĽԺ󣬾Ͳˡһ赭д·ѧһ׽кܿһ㡣
⸱ģֺҲ͵˺ܼ򵥡
ȻֺͷԼЩࡣ
Ǵӽλӣδ̿ʼġ
ÿһϼٱ飬Ȼ˼ֺСһ㣬ٹԼֺҪҲǿ壬ڼֺҪҲûߣֻҪֺÿսһʹϰٱѡ
⿴ż򵥣ֺԭҲģǵȵʮ󣬸첲Ϳʼˣοϰٱ飬ǵȷʵ˵һ㣬ʲôӡ
Щ϶ÿնʹϼٱģ嶼о·Լ˼һ㡣
Ҳˣȴ⣬䡢ֺ֮ǰ̹«ʼ
Ȼ˼ǲ֮ڵģϰأҲҪĿ
һ⵹ҲϾͶǾӵܱĿΪ֪ӣȻͶüãҲЩ֣Ȼ˵ǰٷУɵ׻䵽ϵġ
ֶʵڶôУֻüһôһø߷֡
⹭յֶˣҪȻЪһհɡ
ż˼Դ꣬¶ʹòУŹҲЩòȣ⼸òǺܺãԽЩиˣɵñԹһ
ԭϸֺ֪ӽĶĻҲûȵֺʾȷԺʼ
¿ûôɻģ绹ոأ˿ڷĹֵżæŵϰʹء⿴ԼֻЪһЪϣԽˣæ屧Թ
ȷʵҰŵòҲûǵүôƬԺ󣬾ȻֱӳԼŵò
ȻԼ仰Щֵֹģ뵽ԼϢˣҲͰǵԺ
ԼףغŲ裬Ȼļڵ»Ӻ꣬;ÿĵС
Ȼһ仰ǣȻˣүҲϰˡ
⻹ںͷּһ䣬米ɣүôðӱɡ
û뵽˱ļֻ޸ոԼΪʲôҪۡ
ֻǿȻּۻۣҪȻһȥɣƣҼﻹвټʸء
һ
װûпСʮµ˵޷޷֪ԼȷʵΪүүȥɡ
ǱӱҲۣҲǲסôණû취ٸĵȥſʼڱּۻۡ
ҼǵүǰѾӱķ֮ˣտ϶ܰʣµıġЦе˵Ҳּۻ۵ء
˰ֱ׳
үѧԺ󣬻ȥһ飿û뵽ز
ҶһˣȥΪҪĥԼдʵ˵
ҪǼʦܶ챻ֱ׳̬ȸ˵ˣΪһʦֻ²ӿǿѪŬԼƽľүǸϽȥɣҪ飬ҪүǾֻϰ䷭ˡ
⻹ּۻۣǱһۣû˵ȥ
ԱߵļͲԸ£˵Լȥˣʡʲôʲӵ̽𴸡
ǵģһ˶̽𴸡
ôҸѡʱΪⲻѡҲֻԼʹˣҲ߸ָָ䳡۵̽𴸡
廹ȰһȰɼȴֻԼҲˣ͹Ǹϰˣҧûġ
ȻԸΥ̽𴸾ͳ˼ճĶ
ΪС廹һСһЩһЩ̽𴸡
Σⶼβˣһ̽𴸡
һᵽ̽𴸣ֻñȻһ룬˳ߴ󺺵ĳֹߡǣȴһ͵ģ̽𴸣ʵЩ롣
лҪ˵[1]ԡɡɡš


85 
ҲûҪϾ̽ʵǲô˵󣬻ɸȥľá
ʲôľûʲôɱ
ʾһҪʲôɱ
ܲҲȥԺ˳ش˱ӱʾҲ밡ֻҪʲôʲӵ̽ˣ˵ǡӱʲô躡ԡ
ʾԼ϶ȫĬдһ鶼ɡ
ЦЦ´һѼëëģֹȵ˵Ҽǵٹ˵үǿľٵģôүľٺץ
үǺ־ֻǱҲ̫Щүû׼ƵõһˡһΪӣҲãոտöүϵͳѧһѧҪݣҪȴӶԴʼ
û뵽Լֻǲʲôʲӵ̽𴸣ĳɱ飬ȴôһѵĻԼ
Դ
ԱһԼ磬ŷ綼ܴС壬⣬ԼҪ߳һͷģ
һ£֮ǰֵ°ġ
һ£ɿذ˰֣Լ˵ˣһӧǹͿʼԼ˲ˣֻ밲ֵַؿľ٣٣ʵǸʲϡ
ЦһȻү㿼٣ǱҲûʲôҪѧһ书˵ɡ
ͷ˿Լűߵһ̽𴸣ǾԼһ¡
ʦ㿴ⴸʵڲʹҪȻǸһɡ˵
Ŷ뻻ʲô嵹Ҳ⣬ֻʼ
뻻ʲôȻ뻻ֺСľžһͲۡ
װԼ˼һȻҪȻҲѧɡ
ô˵һҲΪģֻǱζؿ˼һۣȻ˵Ҳԣֻүزٸ˰ɡ
һڴӦ°ϲ˵ʦģҿ϶ٸˡ
˵ˣֱߵǰһȦϵĸ·ѡʲô
ĶЩż˵ô϶浶ûľǶʲô
ͻȻЩõԤС
ȻؿһѿصĽΪʲô˵أΪؿڰǰѽӵԼĽűߵʱ򣬽ŵµ䳡
һʹȥ
ֻϧǿˣֻܲΡΡָŵǰѽʦѽ
ԼϲڵĻҳ϶ص˵ͷ˵ûպҪõǰѽ
ɡҲ̫˰ɡ˿Լǰѽĳ߳ʱӦӣǽٿֺǰСľһ߳ЩͬҪѧҲ̫Щ
Ͳָı˵Դˡ
ǵص˵ͷˬسԼԴ˰Ȼ˵СԲľү͵ģ͸ֽˡ
˵꣬ϸһǰѽ죬Щϧ˵⽣Ż̫һЩ
үҲ׻ûͬǰ׻ҪЩģʵ˵ҾҪǰСľֻ
ֻ̽ŵȥԼǰѽȻ͸һģһ⽣ķǶֻ̽ķҪء
ֻ֣Ϊѵذؽ˫ʹؽѾ˵ؽÿջϼˡ
Լôһ֪֮ģ֪Լ費ؽԺ󣬼ֻջԼոյĻ
ʦҪȻһ̽𴸰ɡڨЦ
ող֪̽𴸵úãѾں޵òˡ
ﲻ֪Ȼ費ǰؽģԼҲ⣬ЦһȻ˵ոү˵Լỻء
뵽ոԼǸĵģЩո뿪ڵǸ˵үȻ̽𴸣Ǳ̽𴸰ɣӦò˰ɣ
˲ˡ֤
̾һҲǹӵܣôõѧ㹦򶼲أǵǲԸ⡣
ֺ뵽Ƽ˵ԼҲ뿼٣ֻʦѰֻܸѧһ㹦򣬲ɵͣ
ʦʦôѧҲѧˣ
ϲֺҲԸֺ˵˵ļ࣬Ҳ⼸λӸǺúϧԼе˵֪ԭѧͶǼѧԨԴԸ⴫˵ģֻԸ⽻Լ
ټϣֻҪЩ书ˡǼӪȥսϽɱУң̽¡ԸⱻţһȺӡ
뵽ԼҲǸѲģҪӵؼǮҪԼΪ˱ٹ֪֮ҲԸٹȺӸ硣
ֺϱ𣬾ͼ˴򽻵ľԲɵһ䣬ʦԸ̵յģ֮ඣ
ʧЦеģϾ֮±·ô
زˣҲΪǮһ졣
ֺ˵Ժ󣬵Ҳʣֻ˼ضһ䳡
ּҵģҪתˣѧһҲʵڲܷοҲвٵļּӵܣʵڶһ츳˵ѧϸЩ츳
ɼּҵѧȴֻн̶ģѧһȴû˽̵
˷УȻô඼ЩǮ
ҲֻЩǮǮƶһϡٵʦ˵ǾǱˮнˡ
ֺţȴѾһЩ⣬ֻȫԺпո游ȥˡ

ֺǶѧȥԺԭֱӻȥϴǶȴСѾüֺѧ֮ȥһ˶Ժֻ˵¡
ֱֺӸżһ˶Ժȥ
ãһֺͳżֺЦ֣ʾֺԼ
ѵʲô飿ֺϱϵӡϣЦʵ
ոϲ˵С˺ͯôֺ˵
ѾѡˣֺЩŵô죿
ͯǱãСȴѾѡЦС˰ˣʲôģ
ʺͻīʱҼǵðﻹһġֺԼѾ߶ҪֳСܸԼȥͷԼģϵϽǾɲ
ʱΪ˸ֺѾߣΪǸƺˮѾߡ
Ҳܰ˵ֻЦ˵СѡģȻˡοҪȥѧ飬ҲС˸ţ㰢СˣܲһֱŰɡ
ֺԭҲһʣҲͲСʱĳ̣Ҳ͸⣬Цϵǰˣ
춹ȥѸС˺øϷԸ˺춹һָֺ˵һָ˵ּҵӣҾͲø˰ɣ
ֺŤɶƵĹϻҪӽܵģҲֻּ֪ҵСӣȴǲ֪
϶Զӵ׽ֻи˵ķݣЦֺ˵Ҳ˵һ˵ɣҪ꣬俴Ų飬ôȣҵҲġ
㵹úãи磬Źءֲһ
⻰ζʵҲˣڰʾֺżǶʲôҪ̽ģȥ׼ûˡ
һأֺʵ
һ游ߵȫ˫ҵСӣ֮ТǼǼҵļӣһڸ游ǸĹ£ҲǶСءЦ˵
һѡǾ͸ǧѡѡˡ
ӣһڸﵱ˵游ǹ£ǼִƵ棬ĸٹ֮в˵ģҲǺʵˡ
ֺϵĽһﻹܲϵ˼
һС˼׾żҵŹ£һٹﵱŹ¡
һԺļ飬Լߵֶܴ̽ϢôҲжˡ
ǼֺҪĻܸµˣҪ׵İ裬ʱиµ游ǶָʹģֵɾͲˡ
ֺԥһԺЦŶ˵ҵС˵Ҳ÷ǵҪļӡ
ֺ˵úϺôǼֺв׼ֺ˼ģҲֻЦ˵ˣ㿴֪ˡ
⻰ֺͷ˴ҲǣҲֻ˼Ҽĳ͸Լѡ˵ˡ
ֺţ춹Ѿ½С˽ˣ̣ˡ
밲밲˽ԺæϺͼֺ˸ǧ
ϸո˵ʱͼǣټǵǰҲѾˣֻҪҲٹ̳˰϶ĸˣǵҲûոƵôˡ
֮ǰǵùﳤķԸģҲúܣǺҪٿأֻعأҿҲҶ
ԴǽԺ󣬼ֺͶǿ۲ԼСˡ
ӸһЩģ΢ܿмֵģӦּҵСӣ˿΢һЩ֪Ϊʲô;һʵغģ
ӰһЩӦȫ˫ҵСˣҪԲϲ٣ԲཱུټԲ۾ûЦʱ򣬿ҲмЦ⣬࣬Ŷ˾øС
˶ǴһͳһС˵·׵Ĵ磬Ҳͦؾġ
ֺ֮Тһ̣ΪʲôҪѡ֮Тˡ
֮Тﶼڸһ棬һ棬֮ТŻȫ
ԼߵСû
ԭֺڹ۲죬Ҳûֻȼֺص˵ͷųʵΣ
ãȻǺõġֺ
ֺ⻰µ֮Т¶һ˷֮ɫֲֻŬѹԼ˷֮С
ǸȡְɡϼԼ˼ֺҲ⣬Ц˵
ҹߵ˶ǰŵģߵĻĻΣִߵȫ˫ȫüֺ¸ȡ
ҲȡˣͰԭɡֺҲ֪ԼǸȡϲټ˼ԭǺúֵģҲ÷ǵ˱֣Ӧ֡
ǽջȥ˵һվߵɡֺ֮Т˵
˶һۣæֺģǳǰͶѾˣͿڸߵˡ
ЦٹδӸǰĸȻҪúס˵ġ
ҪڼȥǼĳЬӳǡ
ֺԭҲǣô˵ȻҲǿֻ˵Ǹһȥɣҩùø˵һ˵ǶĹء


86 
ֺŸԼСˣ뵽ôԼԺҲˣͷʲôҲԷԸȥˡ
¸Լģֺ֮ǰҲûʲôӴȻһǡ
ҲԼ֪ǵԸҲ֪ǡ
ֺôţ뵽Լѧʶļݰݰ̸ֹϵЩ飬ֺüݰڶЩ֡
ٿݰŴ磬ôҲϺõӣͼݰ˵Լԭڱ˽Ӷ飬ǼݰҲ˼ңݰǼֻѾͺëıʡмݰ״Ԫע鶼ûǮֻԼ¼Щע⡣
˵ȷʵЩ󡣵ǼּҵˣӦǲȱǼӵġ
ݰļƼ֪Ƽݰ˵״Ԫע飬ͷн͵ʱ򣬼ƼǺԥ˵Ҫȥġ
ݰڼֻĪӣ׾Ĳһ࣬ȴϰֻΪȥࡣ
ֺüݰǿ϶Щ顣
ԭ˼ҵ飬ֺӦöܣǸԼˡǿżݰĲ͸¶ЩֺЩɼݰǳޡ
Ӽռ˵ӵȨ͵λ
ôֺбҪһˡ
ϾҪǴ˳ȥɾǰܻ˼ּҵպּӵڻ϶Ҫϲ١
Ͼҵ飬˭ҶԸŮ޵޵˼ȥ
üһԼŮŴʵļױԭ֮õģƫС檺ӣҼŮＷҵûطվ
ôģ˭ҵǮƺŮòУԸƶ
Ȼˣְܻ飬˵ҲֲֺδڵСܣ־峤浹ǲࡣ
ɼֺ˽ƫݰոռ͸øеͬټϣֺҲʵڲż־ܹܺ顣
ֺԼǰ˵ǿֵ֪Ул˼ңǼҵĵӽмݰģ
ֵˣ϶֮Тֵ˽Щȴǲ֪˵
γ֪ͻȻ𣬱ȻҪ˵Ҳ֪ԼƸ֮Тɥʧ˶Ļᡣ
ôҲЩ֪֮ģԭϵ㷿ٹҲûꡣżҺٹһһ䣬ֱӾϵ
ǼٹЩǴ۸ӵĹϵǸոûã˵ٺֵˡ
Ҫǽ񣬵ʱ첻ɣǲڸǰ棬ʹվ˵ԼУٺǰһӡҲܸ֮Тá
ϾԺɻٺǰºܾء
ʵҲȷʵˣô˵ֺҲ߿ۡ
ôǸðģ飬ҲԼ鷳
ôţֺĿͶ֮Т
֮ТżֺĿ⣬ҲӳЦ˵ֵĶ࣬СĵҲλݰļҵģ֪ˣҪСȥ
֮Т⻰Ҳڼֺ֮Уֺ˵ͷȥɣˣݰҺи֣һһ¡
֮ТӦһæ˵ǸСھȥ
ҲżǡֺЦŰڰ˵
֮Т֪ԼĵλͬǺ֮ӣǺ֣ȻǺԼˣ֮ǰˡ
ȴǲͬǸļӣȴǲűѡС˵ģԼҲûӡ
֮Тİ¸ƯƯģҲýԼںǰ
ԣǺ˵ǲ֮ТҲһţʼ̽
ּٹ£ټ֮Т游͸׶ǼִƸǰõˡּҵҲԸӸ֮Т
֮ТҪȥ̽Ȼ֪޲޲ġ
ټϼݰҵЩ飬˵˾֪֪˶١
Լֺǰ֮ТȥģٹϨǰ֮ТѾ̽òˡ
ֻɫҲˣ֮ТҲٽȥʡõʱҲزȥֻܵȵڶҺ
˵ڶգֺոϴ꣬Ϳ֮ТѾˡ
ֺ֮Т˵һ䣬ȥ̽ݰҵͿˣҲһֱҸǰźš
Ҫ˵أСѾ̽òˣҪСڽ֮Тæǰ˵
ô죿ֺЩȣЩС֮Тˣ˵˵ɡ
λݰķүҵĵӣүһһӽмģڼȷʵǼĸȽܳһЩ
˵ʱ֮ТЩԥ֪ͷĻò˵
ʲôֺüͷôµģ
֮Тһҧ˵˳ڹүĸλڵңḶֻ́ƫԺ
֮Т˵ЩȷʵǾףֺӼݰ͸¶Щ˼Ҳܲµһ㣬ҲǺܾȣֻʵ
д̽Ϊˣ
֮ТѺĵһ°ƯƯģȻǴ̽ġ
ԭλֹҲ
ɷ涨Ҳ󲿷ֶǹڵճӵģմӶֲ˶٣οӡ
ֹﵱ׸ǰҲܳ裬ɼֹҲ֪еĲƲǾԲƹճֵǷָġ
ԣֹһʼʹ⣬ȢһŴܰԼҡ
Ϊֹ׸ǰܳ裬׵ǼִµĲνеҲЩȨԵײ˵Ȱ˵Ҳȷʵһ¡
ԷǼֹ常ͬۼҵĵŮҲЩǮƣΨһǣԷǼжŮ˿ѾǾˣЩɻ䡣
ȻҲһŮǱ˼ֹһӡ
ڼֹ忴ȴԼǼжŮǾζҵĲƲԼģֹвԸġ
ո»ʱ򣬼ֹǶֹҲԼྴӽźüδУֹҲû˵ʲô
ɺþ
ֹĸ׺һսһͬѳˡ
ֹĵĸͿֹͼֹﲻ˳ֹۣ常ȥԺ󣬱㽫ӦָֹǮƸ˼ֹ壬üֹȥͷŻˡ
ֹڼҲŵͷˣԭҲǼʹŮɫűֹ常׿˼ֹ壬˼档
ȴֻǼӣΪūΪأ
ֹԼˣǾԼֶŮڼֹǰɱƸͷ޸ƽҪöˣǵüֹԼıá
ԭֹ廹Щԥ
ֶమԼӣеĿӵļױֹȻǲ檡
ԼȰ˵ֹǸȷʵòãȴûҿֳδС
ֹûԥãɱãñӡ
ֹǱóСͣԼ׹ĸģԼ˼ֹĳӣʼѳס˼ֹ͸ĸڼֹĬʼ˼ֹӵļױˡ
ֹ˼ֹĵӶûıһ档
̵ֹӼױһְƷΣԼҲЩͣҲһСĹ١
ֹȴѾ˿ֻܴżݰƫһ磬ǵ޵ȴֻܿСӵɫ
ȻڱϣݰһĴţʵϼݰҪЩķı鱾ǮƣǼݰ￿߻ġҲüݰĸ׽ݰ̵üãûӡ
ֺԭֻΪֹֻǳޣȴû뵽ֹ廹ӵļױ
Ҫ֪ױֶ붼Ůӵ˽żȫûʸõģŮȥˣǶŮ̳УŮҲʸҪصġ
ֹˣѲǼҵﶼΪûָֹ壿ֺŭ
֮ТЩΪѣʵʵ˵ٺֶԼˣүŹٶ˻Ϊһ·ϱӣȥԼˡο˶ΪôŶǹүԼҵ飬˲ֵġ
ֺ⻰ԺȴԽ
ּĮ״̬ʵ˾ã
Ӽݰѧٶʮ鷨Եʱ򣬱˹ˡ衱ͷѧҲǰٶʮ鷨ģЩˣûݰ˵˵İףһ𴫲Щżݰָָ㡣
·ֻҪӲǸϵģ߾޹أǻɱ˵ʱ߽кá
ȴǲ֪ߵĵҲһ̣Ҳͱǡ
˳ޣӼױǾ²ؼֻ߸߹𣻼ݰ۸Ҳ²ؼ
ֺ󣬽һٹ֣ԭЩٹӵЩˣԹǶõģǻڰٹͱӣıȡԼ档
ֺԼǰ̹࣬ŵ׸ΰ죿
һд֣ǡ
οƴҪҪЩǶϾϵǶ÷ҧһҲñԹ
ɶ࿴ˣٿȥ͸ˡܽشźʺͻī괲ֺ෢أæѵȥѧأɱȥˡ
Ŷãҩùã֪ˡֺҩôһΣŷӦո̫ˡ
Сأʲô鶼ү̫̫ǲģοൣġҩԼһʡۼˡ뵽ױǴϻۣҩŶЩսľ
Ҳǣʲôܵȸ˵ǵŸֺҩųģӶ˶٣ҩ÷ţ˵ȻҲôˡ
ҩȻɵǼֺѾߵĻҩȴߵĴѾߣҲȻһЩ
֮У˶ֲ˵
ҩùãҽ˵ģֲǡֺæ˵ͷİɣ»ҿ϶ʱš
ֺ⻰ҩȻҲٶ˵ֻ֮УһۣȻ˵ȳŰɡ 
ΪѾСˣֺյǲԼˣ֮УǵһϸڣԼڵúܣһ˼ֺ䣬һȥ׺˳
һ˸ұˣҲضȥˡֺ˵ļƣԼǲȥģȥѲģæ˵һ


87 
˼ֺ⻰֮ТⶼЩڨڨġ
ǵһڸǰȻֵúһ㡣
ôһ˶ŸֺɻһѧȥǾ˵̫¡Щ
ǾֵܸŸȥɣڶš飬ʹС֮Т˵
ѾƼһأȻҲһá
Ȼ˸źȥѧǵԼƼҲøĴ
֮ТƼԼЩ졣
ԭҲӦƴһҲȫҲȷʵڼֺǰһ£Ͼո֮ТѾڸǰһˣ˵
ҲͲƴˡ
ֺԭ˭ԼҲûʲô뷨Ѿ׵ֺ˵Ǿȥɡ
־ȻѰ϶ǺͿͿģҲܰµˡôһ㣬ԼּҴתⷽȷʵǻ˲˼ģҲüּҵӵܣڿƾһͻơ
֪˽̵òУƷҲõʱڼ־ҲЩ飬ɼ־Ҳǿ쵶նľͽ˴ѧˡ
ѧҲôġټϳôһ£֮ʱҪѧʶͬʱÿһƷ
ôһڶձȻҲûϿˡ
־Ҳ̵֪ЩƤǷһռ٣Ұ˵ľջˡ
οҪһҲֹһռ١
ȵʱǵλˣȺƤǵȴ֪Ұȥ
־ҰһЩñҰһڿΡ
ԼֺոյѧֶؾѾſںţֻЦеظ˵ ⼸ǵȵҰȥտΡѧ˼ñȸҰһϿΣȹձѰˣٻصϿΡ
ֺüԭ룬־νһ飬ǿĿǰ״Ѿѧˣֺȴû뵽־ôеʱ
ԭǰأֺ֪ʵʵ
ѧ˵ˣȻ̵òáȻǲǼּӵˡֶæش
ͷһôҰмһԺ
ֺԭֶؽܵģҲǾܾ˼ֶصĴ·Լ·ģҰȥ
ֺŸոߵҰԺӵſڣҰͷ˳˵ҵû뵽ǱȺ˵ӣȻߣԼҰַӡ
ڵǵˣֻǲ֪ȺǸ״֮˲¡ιأ˵ﲢԣǶѧĲֻܻ֮ػϼȥ˰ɣҲ֪Щҹλصʱ᲻
Щˣ˵Ҳǲôϲɵ˽Ƕꡣ
⻰Ժ󣬱಻˶ͷ
ϾѧҲһô顣
ȴӲ񫣬ֻżݰ˵˰ɣҰ࣬Ĳ֪жءֻϧĸ֪ǸǣҰ࣬Ҳһûõķ
Ұ˱Ϳ࣬ǰԼȴԼһѧϿˡ
ֻñЩ˽ݾĵĻû˾òԣǶڸͼ˵
ңǲΪҰ̣»ؾܿǰɣ
ѧ˵ģȺǡ
֮ǰĻֺҲλݣؾǼݰλּˡ
ǺͷҰЩ˵ĻüֺЩˣֺҲûڣֱߵҰѧ档
ֺ˵ֻѧһգѧЩ˸ʶֺģҲ϶ʶˡ
ֺҰԭеĳ棬Ͱ
˵ողǺôһ˵ˣֺ֮󣬼װԼûп˵ɫֻЦе˵
ֺȻЦеģɼֺ⻰һ˭ֺ֪̬ܲȣٹĸҰȺ۾ȥģҲڼֺǰ˵ʲôûʸҰ顣
˶ֻ֣û˵
Ҿٱģֺ·һ㶼˵ɫֻԹ˵ԭΪǰٶʮ鷨ЩӵĶòãû뵽ԭôƳ
ҪǾ̵úãҵҲٸѧȥ˵һ˵ðλҰ൱
ֺ˵ԺҰĲ˶ɫ
ֲɵӣԱһ˺ڵ˭֪ǰٶʮ鷨ںŪ˰ˡ
ǺŪֲԼԼĶ֣Ȼֻֽкõķݡ
ϾԼò׿ҰࡣһѮ֮ȴһԡһԼǸʱûãǱһȺɵӸˣӺӶˡ
ͷǶֻ˵õķݡ
ҰһϿΡЩߵ棬в±ҲúýˣҪǿϣ˳ԼɾͲˡ
˽̳һģôٵѧϿΡոջ˵˺õļͱ̬ȣЩߵ˵
˵껹÷ϼֺһ䣬ǺҪǿܻϡͿظɵɵٶʮء
ΪǷ˼ֺȴ֪Լôһ仰ȴǵ˴ͬ
ԭڱ˽ϿΣҰȴвֵ¶ģǸʱҲɵɵ˰ٶʮء
ֺҲģֻԹԵкƼͼݰǸϽɡ¿Ͽˡ
ҰԭЩ΢һλöѾˡ˶ǲģǱֻܱߵһȦˡֺԭҲͲҪȨˡҲԼһûλãԼ
Ĵԭ˽תѧּѧҲΪ˼ֺڼ͵ԼҸ׷ԸģһҪͬλٹķ˵ùϵ
ֺһƫƧλϣԼողֺΡֻȥ˵λҰ̫ãһһǸλðɣǸλҰһЩ
Ҿλӵͦõġֺ䵭˵ĴֶǸϽðɣʡõ˻ñ
ԭҪȰֺ뵽ԼǸߺ壬ֶһ£ԥҪҪȰ
Ѿ߽ˣոռֺ£ĲѧҲżֺһԹԵλˣҰԭҲвѧǲոյǳģֻԼλ顣
ֻмĺ͸ոǼڵҰѧûˡ
Ұ࣬ԭĹ涨ǡһϿεʱѧ͵ðֵַԼλãкüվڹϣŭҪǲϿξͳȥ
ĺǼͬҲ˵ֻСߵԼλϣá
ѧίУ⼸ҪҰͱĿγ̣һСͬѧǱҲҽţȵѰ˵λԼĺ˵⼸յİűȽ̱ѧҰѧҲøһϰһ¹ΣȽҰĿγ̡ҿʲô
ҰѧͼʶԼʲôѧͱոշŭӸˣҲ˵ʲô
ȻˣλİŵҲȷʵ᲻ʲô
λѧһȦȻû˵ˣôǾͿʼϿΰɣ˵ǽ̵ˡӡߣǾҰѡӡҴͷʼҽһӡ
ֺλĿΣ˵ûүǰޱɸýݣλҲȫˣں˺üҵĹ۵㣬ҲûԼĹΪ׼
λĿΣֺǷһѧҲǰ㲻ѧġ
ΣñѧԼϰոսݡȻԼʼҰϿΡ
ƼԭλĿŵһÿζʲôС
ʼҰϿˣƼҲ̲סˣʼݰոǸ֣һô㣿
ƼԼС򱧲ƽҲĵܵܣǶмӵģǼƼһοӻôš
ģݰ赭д˵ҲԸԼе飬ֻתƼλϿǲǾ֪˼ˣŽ˼ȥƪ£㿴ܱܲ
ԡƼԭͺܺ񣬼ݰֻһ仰㽫Ƽ˻⡣
ѲһֱˣֺƼѾר־ؿʼǰƪ£ʼݰ
ٴЩͺˡݰЦ˵պ˹ȥǡ
ݰཱུһ̳˶δϣֻҪԼŬˣһջǿ԰Ǹ޵ĵС檳ĸ
ֺﲻ׼ݰ˼ݰŵԼպϢ˱ȥŻ
ļױأҵļҲѵպǸ̳Уֺݰƽ
ԭļױӦɼݰ̳еġǼЩҲɼݰճ̳еģѲɵĹøӣ
ˣ˵϶Ҳĸǿ϶ƫҵοƴҲԸǰHֳպȥŻɣ۲Ϊͺˡݰ˵
ô֪һأֺݰĻԺЩۼݰֻ˵һ
ֺҲνݰе顣
˵ֹЩǳ޺ӼױѴ˴ˣҪݰĸֻعȻס
µȵİ취ҲǴһ״ֽȥ˳츮ĴſڣһԩģܰѼֹͽȥǴƿòʧˡ
ϾôһֵĻּһȻ𣬼ּЩǵļȢҲܵӰ죬ִƺͼ־¶ñʷһҲΪʲôݰ˵Ҳ϶Ըĸ
ҼݰǼֹĶӣǼֹ巸ݰΪճҲطֹ壬˵ҪѼֹͽȥˣǼݰи鷸ƵĸףҲͲʲôƾˡ
Ϊμֹϼݰǰ;ôֻһⱾ
μֹ嵹ҲǲԣֻҪִƶһָܰѼֹڵλߣȥ
ߣȥ֮أ
ֹѵ᲻Ǻ޼ݰݰǼֹĶӣζӣǶģݰպΣ
мֹ⣬ɼֹԸ檵ıҲʲôöȻҲΰɣ漰լŮ죬ֺ͸һͷˡ
ֺԼ߻ŬļݰͷһؾԼʼˡ

ŵʱ򣬼ֺҲһֱ£ҲûԼڣʷֻǼֺˣæʵ
ôˣ岻Ҫ̫ҽ
ĸû¡ʷϵļƣֺһ˵һʮ˸ֺֺү˲ԼˣæϵֻЩ顣
ʷԵǷ˲٣˵飬ҲܲԷ
ִҲ˵飬ˣ⻹游أȰų˵
ˣ⻹游ء
ǰԼѾǰǸ¼ҹ˵ļֺˣҲΪ飬ðѼƻԼϼˡ
ֺԼӴ࣬ȻһкõķӣɼִΪ־峤ȴһֱڰ


88 
ֺ˶٣㽫ݰе飬һһʮؽִƺʷ
ҵʲô£ʲôֵģʷԺȳοֺЦ˵
㾴ĸڸɻǶأȥʲôֹĵּһ⣬ĸǸϲ̨С͵ǼҵļбǣûСŵĲ룬޵ѵѹƲסС檣
ʷϼ޽ּǴϱģҲûܵŵĴĥոռ޽ּңžͽԼߵѾִƵˡ
ԼĶϱŴԣЩǣŻǺɫġ
ִսѵûһ˾£ʷȻǶδУ͸ӱҵڸﶼûطվˡ
ִƵǽУ˵µĶŮʷҲѹƵòУ˵ճӣҲϥ£Ҳȥ밲ʱ򣬲ܼһ档
ʷԼܹźС檵ĿģԣʷһӦȫǶźС檵Ĵ
Ȼ־Ϊ峤ֻ˸ͷȴֻѧȴʵڸŮ֮±ɾ̳Ϊ׵
ΪһޣʷȻؾ͸Сվڶ档
ʷϿӵĸףҲӦֻǵĸгϢˣǸ÷ҲӦǵĸһŶϱ׵ġ
ͬҲǣȻ֧ǿļױôܱС檸Ͻסʷе䲻
ҪʷԼֳ棬ˣȻùҲԲ˺ùˡ
ֺԥһȻ˵ҾãȻݰҵλšĸдݰȻҲ˵ףȴݰ⣬λüгΪ޵顣
ѾˣִͻȻʵΪʿϽýֻɷŻִʡ
ִͻȻɣֺЩԣʵʵشǣ֮ǰʱɡš
ôС㵹ǸЩɣִʧЦ˵꣬Ц⣬ʼֺȻɣǿ֪Ϊ޸Σ
ֺͺãټղŸոոһΣֺڣΪߣȾʮ[1]
ûȻѾΥ˴ɣȻ͵ðǴɷǼּҵӵҲ⡣
ɡҪݰȥ˹٣Ҳ˵˳츮᲻ܣ˵Ӹ游˿ѾǴ治ο¸ǼҵҪ𣬶ݰպҲǲܿƿ˰ɣֺԥ
ҪǰļֺΪһ¼ҹˣֺԥֲƽ£ֱһֽ״˸浽˳츮ˣⱲĸ˴õһȺˣٹǼһͷ򣬼ֺΪ˿ЩҲЩˡ
ݰΪиµĸûٲƾ٣ִƱ˵һݰǼֹ֮أ
ּҳһޣӼױˣȻҪӰּǼּ˴ף֪鷸֮ˣȥ˳츮ˣּ֤ϧëݲκһɳӡ
ֺ㶣ִӦѾǹǼֺĪִ˵
ǼּԼȥ״ﲻǳȥ˼ֹһŧƽ׵һ
ֻǹһ£ݰһӦ
οǼݰܹӦɹ̵˭أ
˼ûõģȻǹ̵΢Թһ˼ҡǼݰȥ÷˼ҵļҲôǼӵҲ⡣
ǹ̵ƶһ˼ңпǼȻܼݰȴҲΪ˼ݰЩױ
ǶԼݰ˵Ǹո˻Ѩˡ
Ǽֹ岢ͬݰ̰ɡʷԱҲʡ
Ǽݰ̵ȥأִƸĪ˵һҼֹҲϲճӣõԼ;аλ᲻ͬ⣿
ү˵ʷϳһ˵
ֺȴִƺʷԻŪЩͷԣͼ־һϵɼ־Ȼϥϡ٣ȻҲôûģôҲûеҪõĵز
ʷ˵˭
ִƼֺɻ󣬱ʼֺ˵϶֪ҲֻǶԷһŵӡ󡣡
㾴󲮲ԭͷһλֳǴȻСҲ䣬㲮游ΪԼѾˣֻϧ߰꣬زˣ㲮游װ׷˺ڷˡ
˵żִָпһǷţҪ־峤Ρ
һ󲮲ֺɻΪξ󲮲ϴҵҲƾ󲮲Ϊ磿
漰һˣҷȥԺ㲮游ʹһ󲡣Ϊ㲮游룬Ҳģ㿪ʼ㸸ǽпʼ־硣ʷϿһ󣬸ֺ͵
ʷϵ̫̫ôҲ没ǲͼ޵ļּҵġҲһ໥֣ʷϵҲǿżַ󳤴ģһĸȻȥʷҲ̾һϧ
ִƽ˵㲮游ȥ֮ǰһֱŸһӣҲð֮û˸ֽҲ˵ˣݰڶһҲ֣ⲻø󲮲ô
ݰ̵˷󲮲£󲮲ҲһԸ⡣
Ǽݰ̹ȥǼݰĳоλģ漰ļҲ;λ
ԭ־ͼ϶ļ̳ˣðһǾԵԲ˳ˡ
Ǽݰ̵ؼëˡ
㲮游֮ǰϵˣѾ˵ģλȻǲٶļҲһֳֻŽַӣ㽫һּҲҲǸˡ
ΪʲôЩһֱûи󲮲ӡֺԼݰӡʵǲοֺżȻҪݰˣǺôҲðﵽס
̵ǲܵľλȴҲһʼҲӣοֻҪһǱϹϵֺԼԼּЩ˵˽дѵԸ̡
ʵȴǼִѾ꣬ᣬַҲѾ˺ܶˣɵڣûйˡ
ִƸɿһҲԵɵģԭ㲮游ȥ֮Ϊȴ㲮游Ը㾴󲮲Ѿѡǻ˼ʨӴ󿪿ڲ˵ߥԼҶǮԼңҲͰˣڱ󲮲
㾴󲮲Ͱ˸ˣȥԴ֮Ҳûӵ顣ִ˵
ֺ֮ȷʵ̶ڼݰ˵Ҳһ¡˵ȥһݰ
αصգȥһʡִƶԴɲǵһּҲأϾ˺õǼܳĵӣҲԸ̡
ɼִƣû뵽ݰȻǾܾˡ
ݰܾԭ򵹲ΪԼֹ׵ĻʲôΪﻹǼֹء
֪ΪҺãҲܲҪﰡֻһˡݰᶨ˵Ȼֺ˵ЩԺһʱ֮ҲЩĶɵ׻ǰĸ׷ڵһλ
ݰܾԭ֮󣬼ֺǶԼݰӸ߿һۡ
ʲôѵģ̹ȥ֮游ҲҪԼֹ֣ʱڣ檴޵Ȼ룬ٰӹǣ󲮲˵϶Ҳͬ⡣ֺȰ
ݰȴЩԥֻ˵롣
ֺҲ֪飬ݰһʱ֮϶Ҳû취¾Ҳǿֻüݰһ롣
ִȴΪݰǱȻͬģظˡ
Դ˼־ոտϽʿͷǵȥʿǼ֮󡣼ִƲѶԼ־Ŀϰˡһ̳˼ֻС
ִƶûŸ־˾̣顣
Ҫ˵֮ǰǹҲǶԸӹЩųģϾ޹ʱַȥˣԼַҲûʲô顣ֻǰڹԡ
ȴͻȻҪðһַӣøĶһļҲ
Щͬˣֺγ֪ԼҶһİסЩҵǲˡ
Ǿ̿ԼҶӣԼҶʵǸһ벻ҪȥʿĶ硣ڱﾴ̶ڻЩҵҪԼҶһˡ
ƫƫͼ־Ҳôһӣ־һҲͼ־һ磬һֵܶûС
ĻҵزסټļҲʲôãͷ˱ˡ
ԣҪһɫļּӵֻֽкõķݡô˵ôܰһѼ䣬ҲĻҵڼһ
ֺȥʱ򣬼ִûڸ˵أֺ˶ͣ¸ոյĻ⣬ֺ
ˣִƳżֺ˵ݰô˵
ִƺ;Ϊݰضǻͬġ
ݰ˵ÿһ£ֺüݰ᲻
ݰҪԼΪǾֶԼݰ߿˼֣ҲԽ˼ּݰ
壬ôֻҪԼĶԴҲͲΣʱ̣ҲܷһѼ䣬ôţ̱Ц˵ʲôѵģݰı֣ǹ̳ΪݰҵֶϱǸﱣܲᵡ
лҪ˵[1]ԡɡɡ


89 
˼ݰĺ֮ǣݰǸ׵һֱǶԼݰŲʣС檺۸ݰݰ׵Ҳûʲô顣
ݰΨһеҲǼݰˣ̶ԼݰǰаԸԼüݰ̵ȥҲʡļݰСӴѹ
οǶ˼ǵȰݰ̹ȥ֮ǾʹʰֹˣǳһԼױһѾ㹻Լͼֹˡ
ԣݰֻ˫˫޳ɵķݡ
־ھ̣İ˵飬ȻûвͬġȻˣ־Ҳûʲôòͬģַһĸͬ׸磬ԭҲΪַһӡ
˵ֻҪԺ֣˵ǸȥĴ󲮹һˣã̸ʮ˸޷ܿҵġ
ȴֹ⣬Ҷûʲô̱ȥһ˼ֹУ¸
ԭӦɼ־;˳ģɾ̲־ҲԸһؼ־ͬһˡ
ΪĻ½ҲֻæĽŲմصģֺҲûֱﾴѰϣҪһȥֹУϲ֪¡
ǸﵹҲһ¥ģȴ֪жǼֹϱļױء̺ϲͿֹǸϵģԲס²һ
ѾѼݰﵱԼˣԽüݰͬʱԼֹҲ͸û˶ٺøС
żæŵذҺֻ˵Ҫ͹˵ĴӹһӣΪͻȻ£ΪǼңɶû˵أͷˮôͻȻ˵Ǽϱļױˣ
ЩȣԭΪôǼֺֺͬôҲû϶٣ȴû뵽Ҳ֪¡
̱̾һݰҵ齲
ǵ޵ģҲ˵һ䣬ֹʵǿɶҪȢ˳ϣܺúöԴҲͰˣɣȢǳǼҵľأֶΣҲ߯˶Щ
ô˵ţ뵽Уһȥ֮ٸǿһ飬ױֶԼС
˵Ц˵δ÷纣ôԴãǼôأҪֺõļױٲãʱǸȥùȥ
һ̽ѾˣѡһӲôһ
ֻǾֻܲȥ޹ѾˣѧѧɾȻãѧɾҲû¡
ԣǼôһҲֻżʱŵ٩һԼҶӡ
ˣúôôֳֶءЦ˵
̺ϲſͣôһĹ򣬼ֹеŷͻܵȥ˼ͨˡ
λٺҲֶ֪֪ͨһֶҲ籸úò衣ʱֹڵسӭˡ
˵żֹı֣ȷʵú̺һҲԳһֶɼֹϺ;̶ǲͣԳƣټĵı飬ǾԵЩˡ
λʲô𣿡ֹһ潫Ϻ;Ժһʵ
ֹ֪Щ£Ϻ;̶е㲻Ըֹ壬ֻżֹԺӣԭԺӣԺٸֹµġ
ǣϺ;һţͿһŮӴػ֦չسӭˡ
̴Ҫ̼ݰȻ˽ݰеģҲݰȻҲ֪ǰλĻڵŮӣǼݰ
һŮӵͣ˾Ƶβ֪Ǽֹ޵λС檡
˼һСдĵ̵ģҲǸӲڽŵһ˼ˡ
ԭǿ߼ֹ廹ǸС檣Ծֱŭֶ֪ʲô˼ôǼҵĹ˼ҲͬЩϲ̨С檶дˣǼҾǿҺ̡
ŮȻĻ֦չûе޵ӣɻ½޳У˼ҵ졣һ˵ϲ֪ԭǰŮӾȻǼֹޡ
С檺͵ԭĳˣοֹ屾͵λԶ֮£Լ;ŵʱһС檳дȻҲòУֻ˵ֶؿǲ̫С
ֹȻԼұ氮˳ӣҲżң˼ҵĵҲ޲ˣóԼдλ̣òûʲôñòΪˣϾλ̺ôŮ죬ҲܵиŮվԱźţŷ㡣
λ̶ñʾֹ¾ûҲȨƲұκβͣҪǼ岻ʣܳдλӣҾұλӷյ衣
Կڼֹ𡰼ڡֵʱǸСƲƲ죬һܲмӡ
ŶǹֶıãĪѾعˣֶǺĵأ䲻ãȴҲԸعѵıýӻڼҡ䳰ȷ
ʲôԼұѾعѣԼǱõɷҪǳˣ񲻾ڿտڰԼ
ֹţæҪͣԼ˵˾ıʲôɾĶˣɻûлء
ֻǻ˵ù񫣬ҲֹǣȻСԼǰţʵЩۣǾֻѻϽ˵ͻȥ
ԼֹĽͻû˵ڣ̱ȴϵֶҽһҪ
˵ĵ̾ȻҪԼ¼ֹҲ˲عѲعˣæͷʵӣֱ˵ʲôҪֶģֶֻҪܰ챣ܣɽ𺣣ϧ
ʲô𰡵ģ˵ҲҪȥɽ𺣣ǼҵĵӸӡ
ַһ飬ֹҲ˵ֻǸʱֱģֹǸʱԼȥӣֻϧЩȻѡϡ
ɼֹôҲû뵽ȻֵԼͷϣֹһӦҪӦϾԼǸԼԭҲͲôϲѵ͵ȥԼܹύǸӳӣҲʡҲ
һԼôϲĵӣԼύôʲôⱾҪ֪ЩúֹڹٳһҲǲܡ
ֹҪڴӦǱȴĵӣ˵磬ֺôܱǸŮ˵ĶӣĶȥǸá
ֹǸСҲǸ̰ģȻҲҪֹ檡
ԣ˵Ҫ̼ݰʱŻվֹ壬ҪԼĶ̹ȥˣǿɾͳĸʱٻԼĶĸ𣬽ԼҲٱ˳˵ֻǸˡ
ֹȴЩԥĿУԼҲĿеļ̳ˣ̳ô̵ܹ˼ȥأ
С檼ֹԥִ룬Ů˵Ķ׵ҪȥﻹΪı棿ĶһҲ֪ĶǾײ
ǸСǰѼֹ͸͸ġȻҲüֹ޵ĵزҲˣ仰üֹȷʵǰѼĹ̵ȥãüֹ⡣
ҪǼҵĸȻٺòֻǣǵʵ̫ӣǰܻ˹ֹۡһΪģһӣױǴΪɲҪҪǳӣ
ֹ˵ҲȾ̷ӦԼС˵ȥĶ￴
С檼ֹΪԼĶ˵ûĻϲӦһҪȥĹ˵ˡ
СһֻŸոտżһֻȥҲǣȥҲǣЩΡ
ȴ˿˼ɼֹС檵棬ֻ˵ҲʲôõĶյġ
⻰һ˵ֹ꣬ǺС檸˵ԼõģУҲ˲ãֹոոԼ˵Ҫкλֻ̣عžµ⻰ʲô˼
̰񶼲ָС檣ֻżֹ˵ҼǵùֶֻһճӰɣǳඣ˼ֻҪųȥ˵ҪøӣԸ⣬ΪҪҵӣ
⻰ﻰ˼ǺɼֹԼҲһֻǺ˰˵Ӵ
ֹ廰û˵꣬ϱϵֶȷʵɴʣҲóһ˵ü顣
ΣΣ˼ңӴãȴҲǽˣĸҲһ׬ġ⻰ָżֹıӣվֻһӰˡ
ֹ嵹뷴ôûʧǣ֪Լﲻǰˣο²ǼģüݰӣԼ˵Ҳкô
ֹ⻰ֻܵ˵ȻǾݰʺϣǱ㽫ݰ̹ȥҲá


90 
ݰ̵ַϥ£Ҳһ£ҲǸͼֹ˵ã¾ͳ˵ġٻһӣϼϯȻϽݰִӼֹ»дٹַһϵȥ
üĻҲٽˡ
ԾͰѼݰ̸һ£˼֮
ֹȻù̵ĲǼĶǼݰЩ⣬żݰպǰ϶ӵˣܻ֮ÿżݰ
ֹԼݰ̬ۿɼĺ࣬ҲΪ£ݰֹ廹Ǳúͼĵöȣ˼ݰ
ݰ⼸յҲЩͺͷëˣҲˡ
ɼֺ⼸ȴԽˣ½ӽϱߵϰףŮ޵ǰ׽֮˵øŮһױҲױ
ֺԭΪֶҲҪױķΧڣɼֺɶǼһһ̵ġֺȻ˵ó󣬿ȴʱ䶼Ǽϣֺĸ
ҪޣֺȻһݺ
ɼֺ˼룬벻ʲôϼ
ֺΪٹĵճЩҲ˲ٵĶټﵱżңֺǲȱӵġֺȥϹһȦȴҲʵ벻ҪЩʲô
ΣôҲٹĵŮкܴһֶģһЩкÿıʯ֮ģý˴ģȥͷġ
ʱȥӣҽ˴Ծʱ䶼
˵ֺҲ֪ͷЩεܶԼϵĶϹèôҲȥײһײӡ
գֺȥͷһԶ
ȻҪҪȻȥ䱦Ƕ֮Тڼֺ潨
䱦Ǿεˣֺһ߰ɣȥơ
ϡ֮ТӦһ˼䱦ȥ
䱦ҲǾƺҵ˵Ǿĵطˣġ
ֺȻͷûٹıǣȴҲѰó֮Тոռݳ䱦ſڣۼСҪӭӿˡ
СԭڵغܣɵȿһĺӵʱЩʧ
ԭΪԼҪһͻˣһǽԼҵĽ¶ǲóˡ
ȷֻһ꣬ȷʵ꼫ٻεģҲǿһѡ
СնӴ˲ֻĿͻڵһˣҲ˽һˣЩ˽ֻ˵һûģСһд˶
ֺСҲĵΪֺֻˡ
СүѾһˣֻĿͻȻҲûʲôдˡ
ֺϱȻһҲûκεŮݣȻҲûʲôȥεεġ
ֺӼȥҲ̣ﾭЩ飬ҾƶѲ鿴ƹСҲϰΪΪչ棬ⲻôкĹ˿ǣҪΪǿ顣
СֺԺȻЩ䲻ȣɼֺҲûж룬ֻΪеطôд˵ġ
ֺ䱦Ժ󣬾Ϳ䱦һ¥̨ҲһЩҪ۵ΣЩֻǰڹ̨ϣЩȴϸĵýţڹ̨ڵļϣ뿴ϸЩõСǰȡ
ֺĿΣֻöȻ࣬ȴҲûʲôԼҹùõģôǳˣֺܵϸһʲôԵأ
ֺŹ̨һȦڹ̨ڵļϵǿһȥƷͦ֬ӣΪӷڼϣýԶֺҲΣָָӣԸոдԼС˵ܷҿ
ԭҲһĹ˿͵뷨ôÿƷ࣬پҪҪ
СȴЩ˵λСүҪҪĶӼ۸Щء
ӵļ۸ССƶǰǲģϾǴ˼ңĸҲӡ
ǵܶٸŶ
֮ТڼֺͷС̬ȸˣСﻰ˼Ǽֺ
ԼҸôҲٹĵѲӶ֪ԼҸǴһǧƱ֮ТԽ
ʲô˼ѲǸ𣿡֮Тŭ
ʱɱ˵򡣡ССһ䣬Ȼת˹̨ţȥֺȡǸ
ֺҲǱģ˵ٹǹУֺҲǳȥģСͼٵĺöС֬ڹ̨ϵʱ򣬼ֺһ۱㿴֬Ʒʲôá
ԭԶֺҲûϵĺڵ㣬ֻҪϸֺܿϻкЩĺڵ㣬˵Ľ˼յҲǸ̵߳ʱҲǼ뽫Щڵϵˡ
µ̵ȷʵǲȴҲ޷Сڵ㡣
ֺ뵽ҲƵİӣƷȴҪǰһ֧õúܶ࣬Ҳǣ΢Щ覴ãҲ͵ǰȥ
ȻֺҲֻ֪ҪԼ͵ļǻ˵ֱͷȥֺźôǸױõģôͼ覴õĶ
ԼֺС˵ջȥɣǺܺҵ⡣
СֺĻ¶һȻ˵ı飬ֲ˵ƲƲ죬ǸģҲ㶼ûбżֺ
ԼҸ̫ү̫ǰǵģôһСίŶ̲ˣӾС
ֺԸʲôǷǳһסֻЦŸС˵һ¥ҷ·ҲûпеĶ֪¥ʲô
ֺһ¥Ķܲôã䱦Ķ¥Ӧ÷ЩһĶȻ䱦ҲƲǾεꡣ
ֺţҪԼȥ¥һԶ䱦Ķױˡ
СȴƲƲ죬Ȼ˵¥Ϊ裬λһ¥Ķֺαȥ¥һơ
˵꣬СҲֺֻԹԵؿʼʰ̨ϵĶˣϿ֮ⲻҪ̫ԡ
ǼֺƢɿСӣֺҲУ֮ТԾԼҸҪ˵
ֺԭͼҲжĻ룬СӣȻҲԸֻ֮Т˵ˣǻ߰ɡ
ոôҺ䱦ƹСǸģôƹҪ˵֮Тŭ˵
䱦ĵط˵Ҳ֪䱦ı϶˵ģȻ䱦Ϳȥˡ
ֺȻҲ£ǱһСӣֺȻҲûбҪȥ䱦ͷˡ
Ҫ˵˵Σ಻СǸЩƹС˳ȥֺ˵ԭҲû䱦Եʲôö
ˣҪǻȥ̹һɡҪֺǾƹСдġ
ȻֺŸոյſڣ㿴в٣ϴĶѾ췢˵ѧӣվ濴顣ƹСؿŽȺ
ֺС˽ţСӭʵλСǧ徭ȫĺܣҪǵע汾ģҲеģ㿴Ҫ֣
Сֺһ˲;ԼĴͻˣִľ޳У󻹸С˵ֲ󣬹ƾѧģܾ˽ӵ顣
ָֻҪһƣܽе徭һס
ҲҪЩֺҡҡͷ˵
СֺҪЩ飬Щʧֻ飬Ҳȥˣ˵жʧСҲʧȥȻֺ˵Щ徭Сڵһ䣬Ҫ飿
˵Сָָͷżӣ˵ҪһЩ飬ҲԿͷǸܣǶƹոմһżЩżҲûü뿴ȥ濴
ֺԭҲ£СżҲ˼Ȥ
ǼҲ˲飬ֻЩľˣҲǰϧģЩвٶѾǱ˵ġ
ֺǼϸϸķв飬ȻҲǹżȴЩμǻ߶ʼǰˣһЩǻֺԭҲЩֻۣºԭļϡ
ţֺ㿴һصҽȻֺҽҲôͨɿͷЩҩֻⱾҽ鵹ȷʵмֵÿġ
СЩżôֺС
ҪⱾżСЩȣȻæ˵ЩҲû۸ƹҲû£ұȥһƹ񡣡
˵ţƹҲ˹ֻ˵˵һܵչҲʮӣֻǺôЩǮֻһⱾ鲻ͶӣΣ
ǶֺǻһǧƱأȻ۾գһ¡֮ТæǮ
ΪֺֻһǧƱȴûɢӣҲʵҲִƱ
ֺһԼžͦõҽüִưһŵùĴ򿴿ҽǷţɸոսž䳡ǶС˼ҴҵˣүͶүˡ


91 
ͼܣ
ֺĵһӦԼ׵˵ʲôĵĻȻԼҶ޿ˣ
ԣԼ׵ˣƤһǱȲģ˵߳ŭǿԼ׵߳ŭˣ
Ҳ԰Լ׵ϲѻʯ֪ԼˣƤһϱȲ壬ȴϲȥò壬ƿԣŻػȥ
˵ϲòҲôһЩҪӵģ۱ηε٩Ҳ䡣
Ͼ˵ǼѧһҲûѧʲôȷȷʵʵѧģһ޸֮ܣӶˡ
Ȼһ竣ҲʮֵĻ첻ߣȴҲӵ
Ǽֺ˵˼ͼܣֺҲżϾ书ôãѧ䶼ɹġ
˴Ҳ࣬Сѧһˡ
ֺżҴҸȱЦСˣֻŶһĺ޲һ㲻ֻȥҼִҪһԼѰһżҽΣ
ȥɣС˿ֺ޶Եģż˵үͶүˣүźӧǹүֽҪء
ʲôôأֺԭΪͼܣ಻һצӣҴһȭȴû뵽˻ˣ
ֺǵãسЦ˵ʱ򣬼ҲݵĳҰѼµƿԡ
ֱֵӶʱ
ֺʱЩˣæСʵǳʲô飿ôͶҪˣ
ӴС֪СҲһȦء
ԭ壬ԭҲͲʲôϰӣСԭŽԼϢһ졣ԣ䳡ϵĶ׼ȥ˯ġ
ɸո꣬үͶүͻȻ䳡ˡ
⸮˭֪λүһûм̳үϰ츳ȻҲʦţȴǸΥѡ
˵λүԼϰ䣬ַǶĹš
СԭΪүͶү䳡ʲô飬ʲô䳡ҵġ
˭ϵλү䳡Ժһ仰Ҳû˵ǶóԼסģҪԴ
СԭȰһ£ɿһ¼Ǹǹͷĥòĺӧǹֿһ¼ĻǶֽ𴸣С˲֪ΪʲôͻȻ͸оԼҶүһ޸֮һܴԼ
СӲıŵòǰȥȰֻæѰˡ
ոմҰͶҰԴӣСԼ˻ȥˡλүѾܾˣһһˡ
С˼ֺҲˣԸԼȥǰͷ·ʱͲˡ
ֺһ߸Сˣ첽䳡ȥһСˣҵͶڴ֮ǰ˵𣿡
ֺͼӼͼĶԻΪͻȻ͵˴ܵĵزˡ
СġСļǵλүһ仰Ҳû˵ֱСǸ涼Щţﻹܼǵôණ
ʲôһ仰˵Ϳʼˣ
ֺ·ǵԼ׵ͶҲûʲôްɡ
οԼ׵⼸ձĥ˶Ƿˣƽо͵ùϰ߶ĵˡ
ǴŵùóɻҪ½ȥţЩӳϰ⣬ҲһֱԼڷ￴顣
⼸ռֺҲʲô
ôţֺŲּӿ˼
ֺԼ鶼ûз£ͽϵܵ䳡
Ȼ󡭡
ȻͿԼ׵Ͷ壬ҲСѧܡ
˶ԹԵԼķΧڣԼԶˣҲû˵ԷĿԡ
ⶼԼĺӧǹתӰˣȥûпﵹǻźݻ϶Ͻ䣬ҪȻĺӧǹɲǳصġ
Ҳ֪ҿǴСϰģ㰴ڵ㣬ɱô˻޳µ
Щˣʲôղ֮ģԱȼǺӧǹҪϲ١
˶žˣֲôãɲеٲ
ȻѾʼˣȴɲģ㵹ȷʵǴСϰ䣬˭֪ʲôûѧ㻹ǸϽɣʱ𴸰ĺӧǹˣɱ⡣
˵ղţֺżĲȰ⣬ڼֺȴһ㶼ˡ
ֺԼǱżݸһ˰ŵҵ鷿ȥȻٽҩҸҴӹ
ӦһӹֺĹżҪȥ
Ա䳡ǸСȴʮżۼŴүͶүͲˣȴǰ㶼СȥùӹɣѵǸҪϷ
䳡СҪҪ䳡λүôƤҲ͵ͷˡ
ҵĺøλүҪأôȰһȰСż
ȰȰ˴ֺڰ֣һܷϵӣƣҲֻŻŻԷ
˭˵ֻŻŻԷˣͼͬ˵
ǶôãҲѾˡ
ոԶԶĿֺ˻źôи̨ˣȴȰԼʱһҪһţ̨ס
ҲöԷ֪ԼҲǲǵġ
ôżĺӧǹĸˣҲԼոѾе㴹ֽϾ˵㡣
˭ϵûȰǣǻ֧ʹСȥùӱɡ
Сӣǰˣ￴ء
ͼǸȷˣȻŴúκЦСӣȴ뿴Է̨ףҲʡڶԷǰû档
˶̨ˣȴɡǽš
ȵֺ˵˴ʱ˲ſڿʼ
һ˵ֱַ˴˺Լ˵һģһ໥˶ԷһۣȻͬ˵ôѧң
ҪֻŻŻ˴ˣʹˣֺѾʮ˵ĳ̾˿˵
һֶѾˣһҲҪˣôͻôɣֺε̾˿Ȼʵʲô飿ô͵Ҫ赶Ūǹĵزˣ
·ϣֳԼĺӧǹ˼һ˵
ʲô·ϣȴǰ㶼ԭĹؾ¼ɼеֵܱϽΣû˵һҪг֪ĲŵһʱʲôãõĻͲˡ
ʲôҲŵʲôʱڴϴ˼Ļµ ǳ־ӦұϻΡ
Ҳõֳƾʲô˵˵ɤžͿʼˣԼҲֻǱȼô꣬ƾʲô͵üȣҾǲ㱳ϻΡ
ҲܳԱ䳡Сˣʱ˵˵һ
ͶˣһȫķֺЦ˵
ͼ֪ԼٳҲֲʤ
˵ֺиȫķͬʵʲô
Ҫþ󲮲ֺԭ˵ҪԼֻϧͻСһöο⻹ֵܣֶͲôˡ
ǶѾˣвУǻ϶أԿ
ãǾô˵ˣǾɡ»ͷ
ҡû뵽ԼȻԼһӣǣ϶ҡ
֪ηͷɥһ˵ааɣһأ˭ء


92 
ֱҪǾǻ첻ߣϲ˳Լ飬ҲͿʼˣˡ
ڼǰЩͬΪһֱ֣һֱԸڼǰ棬ʡ´γ㹥ֻܺޣó޵Ļø
Ȼøˣɼȴǻһ䣬⼸ղٸϴɻʱƵɹˣö˰ɣ⼸նܻǶͿ֬ˮۣúÒԼɡ
Ҫ˵ģǿܼԼѾӮ˼һصķϣҲüϹˡ
ɼɣĲУұʹһ棬Ƶһû˸ҳƵڶ
ԼΪڣ˲֪ãֱѹţ֪ԼͿ˶ٵҩࡣ
˵˵һӺԼͿһЩҩ࣬Ϊ˱ף
⴫ȥҪҪˣ
ƫƫ˿ģҲòУԼǰϴˣüų
Ȼ󡭡Ц
̵סڵĲУŭһ⣬ҪǴһܰɡ
һ˵꣬Լűߵ𴸣Ҫżȥ
ⱻһһһ飬æ̨èֺ㣬Լ׵ĶòԼڵʵʵ
Ȼ󣬼⻹Ƥ̽һԴ˵㿴˲ֳģɱѧ
ŵɡֺε˵ⶼѾˣ֪岻ǵȥòⲻֿô
ⱻֺ˵ڨڨģôˣȴ˵̡ƫƫ˵ľ˵
Ųˣְֻĵ˼һۡ
ȼֺͼ֮֮һ־磬ִҲյϢΪԼˣæҴҵ䳡
úõģ˵Ϊʲôִţ˵ǻ涯浶潣ִʵ벻ֵͨܲһһСܣһܣʲôԹǵô
ôھݻҪˣ
˵ùҪˣã˵ȱ첲ˣ̫ҽҽΣʱ˼˵ֵܴܴġ
⴫˳ȥִ룬պͷĶǼִƣӱµǲ󣬵ȻֵǽŶֵܶȣִպ񲻾ͳЦˣ
ִôţ׵Ͷìܵļֺ
ִֺƣԼǱԵҽ飬ִͬ˵һҸҽ˵һЩʵĴ򿴿һҽΡ
ҪʵһģҪǼֺţǱҽãҲͺ˸ױǷڼΪĻƸȥ
ִƶģͱˣԼЩˣԼùӲܣˡ
ִ˵ţãʡû̫ҽɵ׼ͼ׶ӣҲôӡ
ȻЩɵƽﻹܺһҲмֵĸܡ벻ҪԼ׷˺ڷˣԺùӺԼˣִﻹЩܵġ
ִҲЩˣæżֺʵ˵ϲأˣ壿
ִֺʵЩԣһŷӦָԼҪϵĴ򣬵游ˡ
ֺæ͵游ˣҵҶ䳡Ȼ˰գԷ½Ƕû
ҪһңֺŤһ£ִָƵǸһʱû˵游ˡ
ոԵһżŵǾòſķҲȷʵЩôֻҽһϣҲͨԲ游Ѱ֤һ¡
ֺ˵һѣִڼֺĻҵص㡣
Լùӣôõ䣬ܶ򲻵Է½ǡ
ִƣս㲻սȴҲոǿоȡн׼
ƫƫôùӡ
ִƵŭҲóԼıȥֻŬһЦżֺ˵Ҫŵùǲǣҽ㿴
ֺǱҽ飬дģ뱾д˸ؼ˼׵ֶΡ
Ѿ˵УǱҽأɢι˺֮Ҿݹĵǲȸ£ű
ɺ뱾ҽֱ˸˵ģЩǸƵҽ
ֺžҽĻϰ뱾ʣ°뱾˵Щ֮ĶǾҽ¾ǲóˡ
Ͼҽ϶רڵǹꪵ˵ģıͲôóˡ
ֺ˵游ܲܰһȫһĴ򣬻һרڵ͸֮Ĵ򡣡
ִԱЦ˵⵹ǴˣҽǾҽϺ˵ãʱȴѲҽͽһҽȴȲԼӡ
ҽΪ˸Լӵ壬ǺƤԵĴѧ˲ٵĶڸ˵Ҳһ֡
ⲻǺ˼ֺ𣿼ֺţǱҽ鵽ǹżҳЩģµʱҽҲҽҪǲСĻҽⲻֻܻںô
ֺţҽҲͲԼóȥһִƸǵ游Ȼȥˡ
ִ˼ֺߣҲýѵԼĶӣҲֻϽ򷢼ֺȥ
ȼֺһߣִɫĿһɣͼ
˵ҪܣϽ򰡡ִ˫ֱأϴߴ˵ɣأҵġ
ͼǱִôţ͸оսսˣ˿һϵˣæ˵үǸոշ˻룬ԺҲˡ
ִȴ˵ģֻ˵ҲܣʤֳûУҪֳʤͣ
Ҳ˲˵Լˣæ˵ͷֳˣүǶӮء
˵ڴһӮԼֻƤӱԼ䣬룬ҲӮ˰
ִЦһ˵ǣһԼϰĻȲ⻹ͦ
ִһ仰ѼͼȫȥˣɼͼƵģֻڼִǰΨΨѣҶ໰
ִƿƵӣԽЩķֻ벻ͨԼôһӢƵôôӡ
ҲͰˣǻ´Ρִƺһ˵ҾԶǷֳʤ
ʤɲ˵˵һȱ첲ȣվˣһӮˡ
ִ⻰һ˵꣬ͼʼоԼȺ͸첲ʼˣ·һ̣Լ־͸Ķˡ
ﻹҶ˵ֻæӦүģ»Ҳˡ
»أִ˼֡
үû´ˡͼ˶ʼҡͷ˵
˵˵ɣֵΪʲôġִƿ˵
ͼٸոմǻֻΪ˭ó飬һܣǼֱԼΪһֳ֤
ܲ
ڣҪִ˵Ѿɼ˵ӣӶҪˣҵԭȻΪ˭ϽΣ
ǶЩ˼ˡ
ǣִؿء
ȿʼóŲסˣ˵үЩС£ȱ˭һЩҲþ˭ϻΡ
ЩӵıҲǰ׶ģִ˵ܵɵʱ򣬼⻹֪ʶĸһˡ
٣ԺɣǱ˵˭Ҳ˵˭Ҫˡ
ŶִЦЦؿ˼һ˵ǿǱȲܵˡ
ȲҲĺܡִƺɸֵ˵һ
룬Լʲôʲӵ٣ɲͱǺôүѵǵһ֪
԰ôͱȲˡǽյ϶ռ˺ôһˣ»һҲ
˼أһִͬħһ˵һǵø˵һ˵øӴѵϰôñȵù϶С
꣬˶ˡ
ټӴѵѾ춬ˣԼÿջȥ·϶šˮҪҪӴѵ⻹ˣ
ֲҷִƣֻܺ޺޵ؿ˼һۣΪ϶
ҪΪ϶Լôںߣ˵϶Ӯء
ޣ֪϶ˣġ


93 
ֺȥԺ󣬾Ϳʼϵسˡ
ΪǱһĹżټ˱治һЩּ˵ģüֺϸˣܱϳʲô֡
ԣǺܱһ飬ֺҲ˲ʱ䡣
̫̫Ƕˣȥȥأ
ҩԭǽʼֺԲŵģȴֺ鷿ﳭ飬ڳء
ˣҲͰñȽˣǳŵʱأѾЩˡ
ټϼֺڷڣ鷿ȻͰĲˣֻһС򣬷ϡ
ֺڳ飬ֻôһ谵⣬ټСʱЩҡΡ
ҩ⸱ģæҳյֺϣֽǽǵǼյƶһһˡ
Ҳǣ춼ˣôڳ飬ʲôôҪٳɡϸ۾ҩȰ
ҩùģһ㣬ҾͳˡƵԺ鷿ʱ˲٣ֺӱԺ󣬳ҩЦЦ˵
ҩֺ֪Լ˵˸ҲһֻȰһ»찵Ҳ뿴飬ô˵˵Ʋǡ
ֺոҩĻԸ˵ҩùãĸǲصˣҹٳԣҲٶ鷳ֻóһ뼦ҲͰˡ
ҩӦһ˺ʺͻīȥȡ
ȼֺҽ飬ҩڽѵʺͻīء
ôźʱҲҪõģÿﶼֻ֪溩˯ҩ˵ʵԴ˵
ո鷿ﶼʲôˣǸûԸǺôҲעЩܵøȥơ
ҸǿţպأҪȥģҲҪĴģܲһԵȫǡ
ʺͻī֪ԼϸҲ˵ֻվŰѵ
ҩùãҲ鷿ҵģҲǡֺʺͻīһ
֪ǣҩ˵һȻ飬¾ˣԺɵóġ
ִ˵ģȻڶִƾüֺȥǰԺˣѾҽ뵽ˡ
˵ֺСǶʥ֮ԳģʥҲ˵˲òࡣ
ɼֺҽĵһۣòˡ
ֺǰӵıδ󺺣һ˲Щɣһ𣿲ǾӪУξ
ҽҲϰ˱˻Ǹ򣬿ֺЩ֣ҽЦȻʼֺ
ǲǾҳòһ򣿡ҽֺԴ˵ǾӪ˵Ǵ򣬵սϣûӵʱ򣬾ǻҲøо
ôҲǰʿҽЦǺǵ˵ԭԸȥٵȥӪﵱ˱˭ϵõ˺ͷǵ˴򡣡
ԭҽҲҽģҽĸһҪҽ̳²
˵ҽҲСͿʼѧҽȴ׾ͳø׳ټҽǻҲôãҵģҽһֱ붼ǵһµĽ
ȺʱҽһȣûĸԼȥˡ
ԭҽΪԼھӪԼѧЩҽĵصһͨͨʿɱдֱ
ǣؿԼͬˣȴûоҽΣԭһСţǰջڸ죬˵ھӪϼ꣬˹ȥؼȥȢһϱСӡ
ûգǸСžˣȲǸ첲ϱһҽҲˣֻذһ£ɲǼգСžͿʼˣÿﶼյûģۼþҪˡ
ƫƫǶľҽҲǸѧղģСˣ취ûС
ҽٲϲҽҲûؿżǰͬΪòõľȥ
Դ֮ҽҲسΪ˾Ӫľҽǻĸߵβ֮·
ҽǼѧԨԴѵõһҽģЩھӪҲ֪˶ˣҲͱ˳
Щ߹Ѿ̫ƽ˲ˣټҽĸĸҲʹˣҽҪϸĸŻ˾
ү˵Ѱһżҽ飬ҿҽʼֺ
ֺæԼõҽȥҽΪ³ģֺֽһԭЩұ鳭һ
ҽԭΪΪٹһӣʲôҽ
ϵЩżҽҽʥپġ˺Ӳۡĸı࣬ûʵ嵹ΣЩǸıķǰԭβ˵ҩĳɱ˵Ķ
ҽؽӹҽ飬׼㷭һǰλӦȥҲͰˡ
ҽֻ˵һӣͿʼƷԼ֮ǰĽۣһԼĵֵˣⱾҽе㶫
ҽָǸȱķŴ˵ⷽҲֻȴûôơ
ҽھӪô֪꣬ûϵ˿ŧ˲˵ģǶǻˣۣͬҽҲܶ෽ʲôȽⶾĲҩҾϴƬԺõЩŧ
֢״һģȻķκãھдֲǵһʱһܵõεģѾϵ˺ڵģ˶ѾǻˣϸµĸЩŧ⣬õĽҩҲһܰ˾Ȼ
ҽҲܷȸȥôܱȫʿɵѧղ
񿴵Ȿҽ飬ҽ⣬µͻơ
ҽżֺ֣˵Ȿոո˵Լ³ģܷûȥϸоо
ҽ¼ֺͬ⣬֪ٹԼⱾҽû⣬빬̫ҽǲⱾҽ⴫ҽæһ
ģֻԼûȥо͸ˡҽЩ˼˵ʵⱾ˵ķҲǵһμҲ֪нʿˣ˵ķܾˣǶԱ߹صĽʿ˵ֶһˡ
ֺԭȷʵŰ֮ǸƷϾҶһЩ⴫鼮סҽ顣
ҽ˵˵ķԱ߹ؽʿãֺ⡣
˵ּұҵģڱ߹ƽݵĶǼּҾء
˵ԼھйΪЩʿڱ߹ԡѪս֮⡣
ⱾҽܾˣֻܾһֺȻԸҽⱾҽȥġ
ֺ˵ҽֻܰһûȥɣϸооãЩ̸ľҽǣҲöȼʿ
ҽԣֺ֣һҾ˵ҽûãĳ߹صĽʿл
ֺ࿪ҽһȻЦ˵ҸлǣˣǼҲ佫
塣ҽ˵Ժʲô龡Ѱĳ
һ£ҪҽءָָֺҽǱҽ˵Ȿҽҿһ£ǰ뱾˵ˣɺ뱾ȴ˵ǵӵķӡ
ҿǰ뱾飬Ƿдú
ҽӦһȻ˵ĳȻȥϸظ
գҽһٹصüֺ
Ǻ뱾ҽҿˣǾöЩ˵ķӣ˵ûķӣϸ˶˶ҩԣȴⷽʵдȷʵЩҩ
ҽ⻰ֺҽҲֺţпյĶ೭೭һ͸

ôٹĹǼִΨһĵŮҪޣױ
˵ٺЩּǣҪױ·ǲǮģǮġ
ڽļּʮҲؾͲ˶
գ׽˼Ůױ⻹ùԼٹĹϵҲȷȷʵ׽Żһ
ȻˣʷңǼľ˼ңȻ׽һױ
ʷ̫̫ȥˣʷ̴ױġ
иڵٺЩ׽Щˣǽ͵ġ
ȻˣҸѦûٹַ֮ǰҲǽױĶġ
Ϻ¬͸ѹ׵ӡ
ΪҲͦ󣬱ŲƲ¶ټϣҲǰⷽҫˣȻܰѹ׵Ϊױڽɹױıǿ
Ϻ¬ϱãΪױĶ
żұңϵ޵ʱҲ˲ٵĹżֻ
޸ֺּҲǹǶңϱһӵĹżֻΪױ
һӵĹżֻҲѾǲˡ
Ȼּҵ׾ЩżֵֻҲǣǿһӹżʱ˵أյģټҲٹĵ̡
Ҳûʲô˸˵ʲôл
ȻһֵֽʲôΧ۵˻˼䡣ֻ˵ɩ׺ԼСҲ󷽡
¬ӵ޳СҲЩǮ򲻵ĺӣһЩϽĶ
¬͵ĶҲȷʵҲⲻסЩվڱ̵ˡ


94 
ԭ̵ʱʮױļƣͷҲȱǮڲҪʲôأû뵽̻õĵɩأֻô㶫ǶȲء
¬ϸոԼױʷ˵
ʷŮԼǧļ޵˽ȥ¬ϵ˱ˡ
Դڵ׮£ʷԭͿ˳¬ϡ
ټϣЩʷҲ½յ˲õţ˵ѦҲһ̻˼ңλ£۵õҵŮȻøЩԭԶĸ
ǽ֪ķˣԭֻһũŮ֪ˣϲһ̻˼ҵ̣ΪѦҵ⣬ϾȻøһũŮͷ
Ѧҵү̫̫Ҳʲôˣ֪һٹΪԼȢϣҲһٹѦҵү̫̫һ
ʷԭǸԼλҲûжܣýţټȷʵñԼãʷ̵ҲԼö˼ͬġ
񿴵޸¬ϣʷҲֶ¬ϵ
ټϵҪʵ㣬ٹҲû˱ӻ˾ͲˡΪԼҼƣû취Ͷҡ
ҿӵĸ壬ڻʵ۸ǰҲó裬ڻʵǰԼ䣬Ҳ׵úܡ
ʵԭҲûֱʰңŶ۵Ӹء
ֻǸʱ˼ִƣʵҲ˼ִһӣŴֱִҡ
飬ټѦԺѦֺǸҲЩա
ʵ۱ֻǽүͳܺ˵ķȱߣȴҲûʰҡ
жյ뷨ӷǵշǳѧʶҲǶõģΨһƾĵʥ衣
ʥ裬˵ȷʵѾǺܴһˣͷи̫Ӹʥء
οӵʥ裬ΪѾˣʵҲʲôϢֻһϸ׶Լӵ۰
ϧıƷܸĻʵ۶ԸһݣٶҲûˡ
ǰͷ̫ӻǴӣǲǱ˺
ǽ˳ã¡̫ӣʵۻ˼Ķס
Ψһİ취£ơ
ɳеĴҲȫɵģȻҪ֮ɸʤ̫ӣǴӲǸô
ֺαԼǰ;һأ
ԣұ˽Ƕ˼ңȴԶ뾩ǵĵطӪϾڽҲ֦Ҷïˡ
ǽһϵǸʱǵʱҵַһѣұȻֻҵĴ
ҲģЩҶ֪˼ˡ
ټϣһͨң£ҵĲء
磬ʷҡ
ôһټʷļӶء
ҹǼ޵ʷңʷҵĶ̣ʷҵĵճ
ۼʷҶүܿܳΪʷҵļ̳ˣȻҲ£ʷҶ
ʲô֯츮ҹŵģϽĲƥǳԽ֯츮ģΪ£ʷңȻҲµ˱Ǯͨң֪ʷ˼ʽӱĲƥˣٵʲôɴ֮ģҲʷһЩ
ʷ̽ҪױģҲ޳УȴҪ¬ϻһ䣬Ҳ¬ϵҪӱܶࡣ
ʷȻе¬ϸˡ
ϣʷ۹⵹ǸߣҪҿţޣѾˡ̿ЦŴһԲ
ԴӼٹѧԺ󣬾̶ٹҲ׽˲١
ǶԱȵģʷҲôԸҲֻоݹߣԲŸոպá
Ҫо̴Բʷ̹ҲϢˣƫƫϵ¬ϣм仹еϺͼЩء
ʷοֻͣԸԼѾߵȥ˰͵ױ
ʷ̵ױӵ޳У˵һϹжֻƥɴӶƥοĺöǻǮһõĶ
Ӵ򿪵ʱʷԼܱߵŮͷģ°Ͷ˼֡
˵ֻǶүıãҺǶүõӵģҪޣɩӵȻøųֵļױ
ʷ̼ʵ˵⻰ﻰ˼¬ûаѼãǵױҲʵò֡
ʷ˵ԼҶɩ¬֮ǰ˸ѹ׵ӣܲΪŲƲ¶⼸֣ԼҶɩί
վ¬˵
δڣĵӣʾ˵
ʷ˵ĻǴüӵŵģʷ̸ױҲȷʵѾˡ
վ¬˵ǻ˼Ҫϼʷ̵Ĳá
˼Яױָ˼ҵĲǣȷʵ˼һ˵òԣҲȷʵΪ˰Լɩɩ˵Ҳ᲻һõ
δޣպ޵ּң͵øȺ̫̫ǽˣƫƫּҲûһŮԳܴżġ
Ȼ¼һõǿţɵЩģҲЩżպҲڲȺ̫̫ǵȦ
ϱסԼ˵⻰ǻ΢Щ
ʷԭΪڸϰлҲЩǰЩڣЩҲ
˵ûЩǰʷϵҲʱ̵Ǽһ߸ϰлһ߻÷ֳż
ʷ⻰ʷҲ֪ġ
ؾϱ֪ܲ͸׼ѹ׵ӣֻɩӣҲóǱȣֻ˵ġʷŻ˵
ʷǳȻҲù˼ʷ̵ӣʷǻһǽ¬ΪױĶҪʷ̲ЩڶҲ˵ˣɩǲͬһЩ
ʷû뵽ʷϻκϽŮϱʷ̲Ųţ¬ϵ滹ѹ
ʷ϶˵ˣȻҲٺ˵֪¬ϵ׳˶ٵѹ
ʷҲǱʷϲˣƫƫʷʷؾ׹裬ʷؾҪʷλҲٲֺʷϡ
ʷ̺˼Ҳû˵
¬ԭҲǽֵˣĸͷȻǲƽϣ¼ﲻʹ죬¬οء
¬ϳżԵЦЦʾ⣬Լ⡣
ʷԭţƳ¬Цʷһȣ¬ڳЦ
ǰɺ޼ӵһʷﻹ̵ס
ҿҲ޹ˣôûϢʷԴʷĵճԺʷҲֱͦ˲٣һֱΪֻòǸż˵ıǮ
ҿ¬ϵ״ɩ̿ѾϥˡʷҲ֪Լλĸ۰ţʷϻ᲻뱧ӡ
ΪͻԵĶԱȣʷ̻һϧˣǼ޵ѦҵӣѾѦҳˡ
㿴ҪǵȢãӶˡ
ʷԭ˵Щʷ¬ϵ϶Ͼϱ֮ô⣬ìܡ
¬ϸûӦżӽء
ο¬ټ޽֮ǰҲٹʷϵҲǼ޽һ֮еĺ
ԣʲô
¬ΪʷҲܼ
Ҫ˵ʷǷӣǿ϶ģϾڼ͵ʱ򣬺Ѿ˵ˡ
ҲΪϸˣ¬Ȼ޹ء
ʷѾѦҳӵʱʷϾͲҪһˡ
Ǽĳģʷɼӣһõġ
ʷ̼ʷϺ¬϶޶ԣҧٽɿʷȴǿȥˣɩļӣȵãԡ
ʷԭͲʷ̣ʷ̺ǳ̣Ҫʷ̱粵ء
ѾߴҴ
ˣ̫̫Ͻȥ


95 
˵ˣŮֺһƬʷϸǴϱæȥǰͷдˣﻹʲôʱʷ̴档
˲ٹҲȥǰͷҲܲµЩٹ죬˱ȻǺϢ
ⳡ棬ǹױġ
ȥЩ⣬ļҵĹﻹɻʵ۸ױ棿
ҲǼãٹٹڵġ˶ʱĽĿͶ˼
ȻȷʵΪױ
ȴҲЩһΪױģ˻ʵ⣬̫Ӻ̫ҲһЩױ֮
ֱ˵ģֻóʱײһһٹ
ִڻʵ۸ǰ棬̫ĵӣҲǼ˵ġ
֪ױӣֶǱ˵/̫ү̫ˣҲױģֻΪʵڷֲûСܵÿĹױźûȥѧ
лʵߵ˿ţﻹ˸۶ӣʷĻҲҵŹ˵˵
ЩλһЩ˼ңе㰵Ժڣ֪йͽױٺˡ
һЩ̫ȥʵѧʱ˵أ
ڻʵ۸ǰ¶ǶǮ顣
ȵױ֮ʱλ˵С˵кöǸпվȥ￴ء
˾ͽֻ̫ӵĵӣȻҶĬǻ̫ɵ׻ûѰĻƺԲ
ԹﶼСƺ˾ͽ
Ҳʶ̫࣬ԱЦ˵⼸ѧ飬ҲûգˣȥСȥ
ϰϺ̫ĻһֺҲųģױǴٹ϶ļ̳ˡ
ٿոյģԼֺ̫ӵĵӽãкöһȥء
ȽСǰֺ̣ɾǻʵ۵ı֣ʵ۽õı֣ǰܲˣ
ϰһŮֺ£֮ǰϰҲ룬Ͼʵۿ˵Ҫֺ鿤׵ġ
ǲͬˣٹǶ͸¶˼ⲻǵһЦ档
ŮϰȻҪĶһ¡
ϽǺøϰûͷûԵضʷ˵
ʷ֪ܲϰ˵Լøԭ򣬲ⶼԺ飬̫Ӷǰδأʷ԰ڡ
ʷֻǰ˶ѾҪɼҵˣҿպֻҪˣɲǺøô
֪ģ˵ҲϰʷϵЦ˵
˵Ժϰת˻⣬ǲһ˵ŮõҲѩɰҴƣ
ҵĺӣȻǺõģʷЦ˵ֻЩˣ϶ҲЩǰֻԼáʷֻЦŴ
ʷȻϰ˼ֻϴȻŵϴϱȴǸģ˵˺ԼҲ⣬˵ǶҲаš
ȻԼϥ£ʷҲֻԼòͽĻοϰλСʷҲţʵǵúܡ
ʷλӦʲô

תۼ䣬͵˼Ļ
ΪּҲѾûʲô׽ĳˣֻʣֺȻһż϶ѡ
ټϹպͽҲԶֶϱߣصķҲ࣬㰴ϱߵˡ
ϱԹǷأǱҲ͸ķһЩ
磬纣Ÿͷּҳٹˣ纣ģһ̧ϲΡ
ϲͨ嶼˴ɫĳУõĻǴ֯Ĵɴϲεֹ˺ɫĲʾϲ졣
Ȼʵ纣ƷȢʱð˴Σֻ˵ġ
纣ͼǻʵ۴ͻ飬Ƹð˵ĻΣҲ¡һЩ
κ棬ŵʮ˵ϸֶ飬úò֣ϸֶ棬ָʮ˸Ŵ칬ƣһš
ĻԭͼһЩǵİֵĳ棬ɲóô
ô͸ԹƵģɲÿô
Χ۵İնһ˭Ȣףôĳ棬Ǹ֮ǰƵġ
纣̽ҲǼټģټϵʱиرڵ״ԪУǲٰҲӡ
һ̽ȢٹҵĹ
ԵĹԱûʲôӡ󣬵˵ٹҶλƽ߹صĽȴ֪һЩġ
ⶼǰ֪Ϊġ١ǣټҰϲ£ǾԽֵ˶һЩ
̽ȢŮⱾѾһ׮̸ˡ
ϱ߻иء
ӭ׶һ·һ·ֱһЩϲǻϲǮΧ۵Ҳմһմϲͬ֡
ֹܼԼҴүȢˣȢûٹĹǻʵүԴͻ飬ٺõ²
ԼҴүպҲһ˹¹µعˣҲ˵ү̫̫˼֡
ּҲȱǮֹܼ׼ЩʱҲ΢һЩ
˼ǶϲǣټһϲǮϲǮֻͭˡ
ּȴǴ붼ϲǮϲǣϲǮһЩӡ
Ǳûؽմϲϰףּܿҵӭ׶ǵİնѾϡ棬æ
ٿľȻͭӣֵİм䣬ԽһЩ
˭룬ǿһ֣Ȼܼ񵽼ǮѾһĹǮˣЩǼӣĽöˡ
ԭͶ֮ϲӵĸˣ񵽼ͭĵҲʧӭ׶ȥʱ򣬰ҲЩͭ壬ٲø˺һͬġ
纣ϲٹǶȴиֲˡ
˵ǼҲҵһź£Ǽϲӡ
˵ıǣԼҹô󣬾Ҫ޵˼ȥˣּҲھǣͷҲûţҪҲ㡣
ɵôĹȻҪ޵˼ȥˣ˭᲻á
οִƺʷϣٹǣ˭һ䡣
ҪˣǼִﶼЩ᲻á
Ҫ˵ͼˡ
ϱⶼӶŵϰףȻˣһ㶼СӣǶѾ˻ģҲøźˡ
ٹֲͬһЩϾѾٹСĹˣȻǸɼͼżֺȥŵġ
Ĺ뷿ڣʵЩѹ֣ʷһЦһп޵˵Ż
ʲô޵ּңҪ̷ֻҲýˣϾּҲֺֻһˡ
ʷֻ˵ȻпĿİģպǷһҪദ
޵۾Ǻģʷ˵ԺæӦ¡
ȥּңҲǶأҪֺвõģֻܻȥʰϺ¬æһ
ǣ÷ģ纣жһ㲻ãźӧǹȥæ˵
Ҳʾжء
ʷϿ˵ʵڲ񻰣ֻ˺ȥȥǰͷֺǲǿȢˣֳĿҪºš
һ˵ֺҪˣͼҲ˲æϼֺߣȥ
ֺʵҲǲ֪ⳡ棬ڼҲͽģȴҲ֪ȰҲһȥš
ֺڼͼѾ˸׽Ūֺķߵһ룬ͣסˡ
϶ʲôأתͷûʵǵǸϽȥǰͷʡôȥˣŶ²ˡ
磬˵ҪҪȥ䳡ҵֽ𴸴ϡһ˵
ֺϸһۼΪǰĶԼ׵ٰġ
ԭҲӦֲŵӰѲɸԼ׵ˣͬˣ⵹ǹȻǽ߳īߺڰ
Ȼ⻰ڲŵģ⿴Ȼʮֺˡ
϶ļļ򣬰Ѽһģû뵽϶㻹дʱ򡣡
˵ûȷʵðֽ𴸴ϣǺӧǹҲôϡ˵żתͷ˼ֺǽҲϡ
Ŷԣո˵ַ꣬СľûʲôҪȻǻ潣
ֻȥŵģȥ׵ġֺСһ
ôԸ⣿µùƽá
ǡȥȥɡֺ


96 
⿴ֺŴϲۣϲס
һȺ֣ģôҪԼ绨Ȣؼȥ
;ܣƾɶѽ
ֺҲΪ㡣˵
纣ԭţԼǸǳĲŵԭе㵣ģ¼ڶŵʱ򣬳Щŵ
ʱһԼʵܲס׻ȢȢˡ
˵ΪԼ纣ôǳһ
ǻûȫͻȻźͷͳһӧǹ˵ֻҪܴңҾȥ
纣ãǲԼû˯ѣΧ۵˶ˡ
Ǿ竲٣ҲǴСϰģǾ˵䣬׼ȥʿ
纣ȷʵϳӢˬɣ˼Ҳһʵʵ
˵ˣȢ׵ģϲӣ赶Ūǹ׵
纣֪ԼλֲôףֻʾϣôԲ
纣ôҲû뵽ԭΪ׵Ķ֣Ҳźͳһ
纣ǲǾûһΪ纣ӣ̽𴸴Ƚʹʹ
̽𴸣
纣ӦʱѾһ̽𴸡
϶㵽ǰ˭ģû뵽Ũü۵ģȻǸͽ⿴̽𴸵ݸֺԺµҪȢߣ㻹
Լ˴ˣѹָոռǵȥ̽𴸣ԭΪ˰ֺ
ֱǿˡ
磬ôõϲ£Ҳ̫ˡż⼷üŪ۵
ǲֺŪø۸Ƶģҵ̽𴸸ⲻǹƽôһֱ׳
ƽйƽ
佫ҳģ⻹һСϰģҵݸͽйƽ
ֺ岻һЩȥⲻǾ۸ԼǸ£
ˣҲˣֺĥĥġߴٵ˼ʱɾͲˡ
纣˼ʱùҵ˼
纣ԭΪôƽ˼һͶһ״ױʫ
纣ȻԼĲҲģڽţؾ׼׼˼״ױʫ
ֺĲŻȴûеطõģֻǶ̽𴸣ãȻ޴Ķż⡣
ԭֺԼҪȢԼҹùõ纣ЩԹ
˿̻һϲȴһ±Ƶ纣ֺֻʣͬˡ
ôŵ֣Ҳʵ̫Щɡ
纣õģҲ϶纣ҲһȺ
Ҫ˵ķ棬ǵܰһ纣ű书
ֺЩǣˢˢغ˰벽ûֵ꣬ʵڶǴһóĶ
ҪǱĲ֮ģһվսȺġ
书˵ʵǼһǼһٴġ
ֺʵڿȥˣôҲȰһȰ⣬Ϊֺ롣
ǣֺŵʱ򣬰ֺڵ̫ˣֺСһЩʱ㵽ͷϾͲˡ
ο£ǻʵ۴ͻģΣҲڻֵ̫ѿˡ
Ҳ̫ΪֹøһЩɡֺ˵ϰ꣬书˵ãøû䣬Ķ֣
纣ֺ˵ôǳһһЩ˵ġ
ֺٹҲ˽⣬Ҳ֪ģλֶȻСȴҲĳҲԸ
ֺæͼֺǰǰ˭֪ճȺ纣Ķ֣
Ǳ˵竣ﱻ˿ⱻֺ纣ƨĵͨ泩̬Щɶˡ
ֺżӣС˵ôô˿ţҲ̫ΪֺԵǼҲˣ翼Щġ
żֺ˵ҲЩ˵øο
ʮֵμֺϾٿ׵һüõģģȻһܿ纣ԲٹΪֺ
ǻǿһЩͨİɣֺʾү̫̫أҪ˼ʱǰԲǲô
˵ʲô׵ĹӣǾҲҪ̫Ϊ纣ˣΪֺ齻
Ͼү̫̫ͷ⣬ô֣ү̫̫úд
ǿʶ˵ġֺȨתƵ˼ֺæֺ׽
˵ֺüֺǲŵˣǰͷмǺӧǹͼֽڣֺֻһľֺﻹЩġ
ǰֺЦЦ˵ֹøҲΪ㣬̽ұ㿼ЩƾϵĶֻҪˣұȥ
纣ֺ˵ЩƾϵĶЩŵʿˮողͿģʽ纣ʵЩԼô˼ģʽ
ƾϵĶ纣ЩǣҲһŶͣǶһЩ飬ȵǰ̽ɣһأƤôأ𲻳
㵽ɵģһѽ纣˭֪ǰƵ̽ʲôⲻþȻƾٵ⡣
ⲻ൱һ㶼ΪֱֺӰü޳ȥô
ֺżһ԰ĶȻֱ纣ʮͣͺε¡̨ʮ˽ι
øܰұҲΪѹøˣøΣ
ⲢûбֺǸοҲֺʵʲô˼ֻüֺֻôһ仰Ҳܼ򵥵ӣ˵˵ò
Աߵļȥ˼һѣʾȲҪԣȿ˵
ԼȻûиĹҲǱʫһԵģֻҪǿƾõõ飬϶
ҪһЩǶǶö顣
˵ʮͣ˵Ȼ˵óҪ˵ȫðʮΪ͸˵Ǽǲеġ
ο⻹˵̨ʮ˽ǵñʷ˵ɡƫƫΪãʷһٿƾϿҲ٣ж̨֪ʮ˽ɣ
ãҺõȢ¬ϵʱ¬ûôȻҪȢϱҪ¶ˡ
纣ԭҲϾ㿼ܴ̽һԭΪһĿʮС
ÿʷҲһ̨ʮ˽Ҳ˵
ǵģʱ纣ǾãֺΪĵ̨ʮ˽ʮ͡
ȵʱ纣΢ЦѲһ򣬾Ѿʮ˵˴롣
Ǵȥ֮纣Ϳʼˡ
Щ纣ԼͲһ֮ˡ
ôҲͻƲǲϣôҲǲ𵽵˭
ѾǶˣٹҲ캮ضģƫƫ纣϶ʼϸܵĺ
ô죿Ǽǲˡ
һ̽ɣȢ׶ϱΪסˣǱһδڵСΪסˡ
ƫƫ˼СҲûΪĻǿƾϵĿ
纣ãԼһӢǾҪڽˡ
ʱһһعȥˣ纣ȴ˰죬Ҳûʣµ
˵ʲô⣬ֺˣôûдոջΪ纣ļⶼʼЩˣֺҪȥǼʱҪȥˡ
õĻ£ǵʱү̫̫Ƥ
ֺʹ˸ɫʾϽˮ
ֺҲзִڣʾЦŶֺ˵ĿȷҪЩøǴҲԡ
纣һ纣ֺ̽οЩ׽ʿǾء
⻹ոձأôҪһȺˣҲмʤ㡣
˭ܼǵô

ᣬһŮǵڼĹ뷿纣Žףƫƫ⼪ʱҪˣֺûء
ȥǰͷô¶ʷϷԸСѾǵ
СѾӦһæҪȥ
ֻոߵϣ˵ү˸˺ӧǹ¹үҪԣýš
ʷСѾʲôģǴ¹үΪô˻û
СѾʲô
Ǵүǵ¹үգӮ˲ýš
ⲻö
¹үΪô˻ûףү˺ӧǹð
СѾҲǰͷȥˣּҴҵܻȥ̫̫ȥˡ
̫̫ˣ˵үһ˺ӧǹҪ¹үùүš
Ҿ֪ϴ˲סʷһӵ
ԭžôҪ뿪ţһϤĵطȥˣ纣ȷʵ䣬ɾôҪ뿪ĸ̲סܣ۾Ǻġ
˵˺ӧǹȥţֲɵЦĸȻëȴһֱġ
֪ⲻףּͼֺţֲʲôģû뵽ĴӣĳϣȻ롣
ֺ书ôֺʫдأ
бȷǵĲ纣Ȣ߼ɣ
ϸЦż˵Ҳ֪ףˣ÷
ⲻﵹΣǱ˲ǣ¬ϿͷͷҲЩˣүҲǣô֪ȰЩ硣
¬ϻδ䣬һȥ˵СѾ߲һүҲ̽ȥġ
¬һҭøÿʷҲ󣬲ȻĿЧܾȻ
ʷҧгݵôôԩ˵ԧ˵죬ԧ죬ȥϴ϶һ͵ˣٺȥϸӴ


97 
ֺôҲеִģ˭֪纣ЩҲһ㶼ףôǽʿ˵ģȻһҲûвġ
ǣոջѾǶˣֱܲӾ׿ոյĻֱǽŰɣ
ֺŸλεĳ棬Բ˵ôֺǽ˵
Ҫ˼ʱ˹ùõĻ£˹Ѵˡ
ֺЦװɵҵҲǲˣøٱȥҲ֪Դùøȥɡ
ֺѾʾ֭ˣʣǼؼǵԼıϣʲôʱ򿴵ƫƫһֶǲˡ
ֺﲻֺ֪ڴԲԸŹһмֺһֺҲһ
æżֺһҾлˡ
Ȼֺûȴ׵طŹֺЩҲ֪ʱҲѾ˲ʱȻǲ˼ʱġ
ȻЩ鲻ԸôҲÿӣԸŷѴſ
ԧҲѾǰˡ
ԧ쿴ĳǣүúӧǹ֧ӣĿֺ򣬶үű߷һֽ𴸣һֺűߡ
ֺһŵϸȻŴүͶү˸Ҿ
ⲻǼͼǵúֺһֺʯô
ڣͼǰļֺǾͱԧ˸ס
ԧ쿴ųģзִģôΪ¹ү
϶ֻȰүͶү
Ȼ¹үѾˣԧ쵹ҲȥһʷϵĻˣֻҪſֵȺһȥͺˡ
ñóޣ¬ȻǲöԼʲôûļ⣬ոһţͱϾס˶䡣
̣ôˣŶҪӿ
ҧС˵㻹Ҵأ˵˵ȥţúӧǹȥʲô
ԩ˵ҪǼģ಻Ǹͼһ¶ѣôھԼ϶ʲô¶ûС
ʷҲĵĵ˼һۡ
Ҳˣôܹ˵һⱻԩܡ
㻹˼˵үӣߥ޵Ĵֽȥ㻹֪ʡϵ˵Ķͷ˵
һʱ֮䣬֪νͣǼ⡣
ֿżûϱʰҲûУرóӣ⼵ʵ۾Ҫˡ
˵˵Ҫǵʱ϶ùó޵ľҡżֺµ
㻹ֺոӣʷпʰҪǵڴſˢʲôӧǹĻ¶ˣ
ִԭǰͷдͣҲǸոպʷֺ
ʷ˵ִʶոյΪʲôЩִˡ
ԭΪүϲϰأûϵϲڴſˣӧǹִһȻϲǵպڴſˣһʱ
үҲֽ𴸳ȥһͬӣæҲǽ
ߣʱֵˡִЦЦؿ˼һۣǱһȥⶪȥɡ
϶ǲд󲡣û뵽еЩŤִһȥⶪˣֿʼţͷһ𣿡
ȷʵģܲ㵣ΡһۼⲻΪ˵
ǣһȥˡֵһӧǹһˣֽ𴸣֪ĻΪǿˣء
ǿˣִ࣬ƳԼֱߵĲյӣŽôǼϲ£ܲܽջɱɱģְѲյˡ
˼ҶţֻǱʫ䣬٩䣬ǵãֺһ̽ǿˣִࣿЦ˵ÿûеõĻ£ȻҰǵƤ
游ҵĴֺæվϵҳһ⣬ֹøش𣬿ûϵ̫ˣŵʱ䡣
øɱͶŪҡִȫţǺżꣿ⻹ѵֺ϶ǺͶ嶥ġ
游Ҹֹøһ⣬Ŀǣʮͣͺε¡̨ʮ˽ιֺ˵
ִҲǶ飬ʮ˽˵óʮȷʵҲǲ
һʱ֮䣬ִҲе벻ֺ˵滰ڰӼͼ
ִʰͼôҲù˼ŵֺ棬ټϽǼĴϲӣִûٷȥ

¹û֮󣬼־͸Ѱ˽ѧ
ҲһˣȴǸԲڣѾڿƿٽһľˡ
λĳӺʹҲĽ̵˽ʿȻԼûϣȴҲѾòԲˡ
ֻڼҲʵвֳ飬ԭǴԼһ˽ӵģֻǿһ˽ӣϾҪĵ̫࣬Ӷ̫ۡ
üּѧŵѧ顣
λȻĴˣǽʱȴȤձơ
ֺȻѾѧЩαϵ֪ʶˣȴҲԸλһеĵʣҪݰˡ
ݰչ̵¿ɶ׼ˣһ¿ΣƼ§żݰļʵ
ûȼݰ˵ֺЦ˵Ҫݰģ׼׵ˡ
ԽӴݰԽüݰȷʵһúӣԹһ£ҲԽһЩ
Ϊ˼ݰһ£ЩæǰæҲ˲ˡǸȫˣȻ㵽ﻹҪݰġ
ݰҪʱ׼պˡֺЦ˵
ݰ̵ַºȻҪһףݰСʱ϶յĿڵĺ
ǲ֪ûи׼úݰҲ
ֺҲǼݰ屲ģȻҲҪݰ׼úġ
ҵҪҪֺЦŰԼϵӸݰ
ǿɲУ²ɺôúİ֮аݰЦ
лƽݣȻҲˡֺЦ˵ο˭˲֪Ҽֺ
ֱǽƱ硣
ЦţȴͻȻҴ߽˵ˣϽȥһˡ
ʲôôżֺȻһԼɫʵ
ٹ빬ҲУҲǳ飬Ͼ̫ʱͶ
˵ʵҲִƽ
ҴҵֺȥȴǵһΡ
СҲ̸֪ոģҪʣæ
廹ǸϽȥɣѰءƼͼݰҲæȰ
⻹ʲôʵģǻǸϽȥɡֺҲĽæ׼ϻȥ


98 
š
ҲͷӬƵأֻǻԺôҲװ򶨡
ǳʲô𣿡ֺ΢׵ɫæʵ
˾ͺãϽ׼׼ǽȥϿֺæ˵
˵꣬ϲŸֺֽһ䣬ոնˣ˵̫ǸϽȥ
߹õˣȻǶ飬ֺһæϵ
ĸߵˣǶС̫࣬䲻̫࣬Ҳڶżæŵغ˽ȥҲǲʲôıС̫ȷʵǶˡ
ֺЩɻ񶫹ʲô飿
жЩҲͷƪˡ
˵ǻʵۺ̫͵ʱ򣬻ʵ۶Զöοܳʲô飿
ֻΪƽʵЩҲöЩʾԶؿ
̫ʲôʵܲ˵ģ治Ҫʰ˶ɻʵ۶̫ӵĳ谮̫ô̫ӵλҲʲôɵô˻ʵۡ
οʲô飬үӻǼִƣĸҪĿס
Ϊ̫زûѰ̫С̫
ֺɣǽȥԶٹıвٹ
ֻǹ٣ӵȻþܾȻֵñһֺҲ̫ʲôҪǣȻҲܲȥ
ֺһԺ󣬷ԸԼǴȥˣȥҵ˵һҺͰ
ʲô飬ʱԼ첻ߵӣҲһ
ٿڼִƵϣǻʵۣҲø
ֺ׵ˣŸ˵߰ɣǽȥɡ
˵ǣ˵춹ͱһȥˣȥһŸҵǷʲô飬ǡ
ǵʱүڹˣҵϽȥϲһ
˵ţ־ãƲʣǺʵڲӦøԼһȥðա
ҪȻ㻹ڼаɣϿֺҵʱһ˵㲡˱ǡ
СӼҼҵģеͷȣˣֺȥΣ
ôأֺЦ˵ֻ˰ˡ
ֺôҲǻӵģӵģһ˶ȥء
ֺţôҲǾ³ģǹʲô飬϶ҲܸõӦԡ
ֺ̬ȼһҪһȥֲֺֻúţȴ⣬Ǵʲ ô飬Ȼý
ϴźոսͿ̫ߵѾҦѾڹſںˡ
һΪſ붫ЩԶ̫ãصظϺͼֺ׼˽죬ʡ·ȥ
Ҧƣԭŵķһ롣
Ҧ̫żҴѾߣ̫ĸȻ̫ҦԼ̫ǶӦûʲô顣
ֺۼؿҦƲǹϲ⣬ԽЩɻ
˵ҦЦǴϲ֮ģҦǶһɾ
־һʲô·ҦƶһͷŻ˾ġ
̺͸ˣ͵ˡҦһϣӭλϽϽɡ
ϸоҦƵǱ֮ǰ˼֣ɫҦƵ̫Σ
ôҦЩͷԣȴɻشˣǰ̫ҽƽ̫ҽ˵̷ܿıǡ
ߣ̧ӵС̫࣬رڵʼֺū̧û᲻̫ˣҪҪЩ
һ̧С̫Ҳ˵ǰǾõߣܷԸСǡ
ȣͦȵġЩС̫ͻڣüֺЩͷԡ
ֺҲͷһؽ̫ȫÿμֺʱ̫طԸԸ׼ý죬ڹſڵżֺ
Ϊ̫ŹΪ̫ЩС̫ǶԼֺǺܿġ
Ҳûڵֵز
ǣЩ̧εС̫ǣǻ϶ǹĵײ㣬ɵҲ۵ĻǿԷġ
ĸС̫಻ֺ˹ǣһһĻҲʡտԷ
ܵ˹ǵֻۣǴǹһɨС̫࣬Ҳֻɿð
ЩС̫ǶԼֺڡ
ڣҲûһʽӵ߲ߡ
˾Ȼŷ򵹵ġ
ֺȻǸЩС̫Ǻǰ;ģҲֵǶʲôϲˡ
ֺûףѾ˶ˡ
ֺһظоʲôϲһ㣬ÿ˶ͦصģȻææµµģÿ˶ϲġ
ʲôϲ£Ҳһ㣬תͷҦƵ
ҦƼԼЦһ£Ȼ˵иϢ
ϢֺظһʣѲˣ
̫˵Ѿˣæ˻յſӭӡ
ÿˣǽҺõȡ̫ϵ˵
˾ͽҲæųˣõһ§˼ֺǰգ˸кöźأ㵹ǺãһҲż
⼸ղһֱҪȥѧϿôҲȥ鷿飬ֺЦ˵ԭŵء
Ҵźȥ￴ϴεõЩ˾ͽ§żֺ˵
ãȥɡ̫ڰ֣ʾԼȥ档
ôͻȻҪǽ˶˻յЦ̫
ôˣ̫
ǴС̫żæŵģֻ˵ҴźϽһ仰Ҳ˵С̫໹ԭ㾭ģֻʲô
Ҷú춹ؼȥϢˡ
̫ģ̫ȻܵúܣʲôҲ˵һһ룬ֱӾͱԹ
̫üͷ֮ǰǸС̫࣬˵ǲ̫һġ
ԭһǸģû뵽ǸͿģȻˡ
˵ţ̫ϵְģŮģֲ̫ǸͿģڶʲô飿
˵ҵ£ȴָ̫ʵʲôŤء
ֻֻҲðڵҲֻԼĶһ顣
ģûʲô£̫ϣ̲סЦ˵Ҳԣһ£ϲ¡
˾ͽڸֺչʾԼǰյõʹ͡
ѽΣ˾ͽһѽ˱ʯڵĽʼֺǰҵõѽʱ򣬾ź㲻ѧô㣬Ҿˡ
˾ͽǰѽݸֺ˵˵ѽʯɵģӲޱȡֻǣ⽣ûУ㻹ԼȥС
Ҳ̫ЩɣֺЩ⽣̫ڻڣƴǣͻȻ˾ͽ·Щ̫һ
·
ֺſ˾ͽ·Ȼƽӻɫɫġ
ֻӻƺʵЩƣֺոֻŸ˾ͽ˵Ҳûϸ˾ͽ˵ֺŸо̫ԡ
ӻɫɫǲͬӻɫǻʼӵܣݹЩĶܴţɫȴ˶ܴģҲֻл̫󣬻ʵۻʺ̫Ӻ̫ܴ
̫Ӻ̫ܴɫǵ̫ӵʱ򣬻ʵ۶̫ʵγ谮񲿳˺ü죬ųĴ
ֺͻȻ̨һ壬·˽Ϊζ˶ϲӣ̧С̫඼мӡ
պ㣬ǲǻˣֺҲΪ˾ͽеˣЦ˵


99 
ٹֺһǸ˵̫ҹġ
˾ͽΪ̫̫һϵ˵ĵ飬Ͼ̫Ǿ̫Ӳˣ⻹һ̳ˣǿ֧ء
˾ͽ̫˵Ͼ˵̫Ψһĵӣǳӣ˶֪δļ̳ˡ
ǣպأ
̫ҲǻʵΨһĵӣ񻹲ǵλȶ̫ӣǰͷгɵֳͷлʵ۳֮ӡ
̫ӵı
˾ͽڻʵͳ̫Ǿǻϵļ̳ˡպ̫ӵǻˣ˾ͽıĴȻҲ޷ıʸµļ̳ˡ
һʱ̫붯̳˵ͷԹǶ
һ㣬ҲѾ˾ͽڲ֮ˡ
ԣ̫ߵˣŸӻϲ֡
ּǻٹŻᷢ˾ͽЦ˵ǻûۣҲܵøһ˵
ûֺּüͷʵǻ˵ģᡭ
ֺ»ûʱʵٷˣǰ׸һҲãֻµʱʵֱ˵񣬵ûʵ۶Զ˵˾ͽӡ󻹵ٲ֡
˾ͽЦ˵ģջ游ڶ˵ģȴҲǵע˵ġ
עĹԱһʣǻʵ۵ʱҪ¶ЩˡϾǻʵۣȴҲû취ע顣
ο㵱·ģǻ游֮תͷԸģ˾ͽЦ˵صϣ˵ҼȻѾ̫ˣҲ̫ͳ
·ǻ˵ģֺһŹҲû֪Ϣ
￴ʲôܵýĽʵȴϢ÷ɿ죬һʲô紵ݶܹ˶֪òࡣ
ǳʵҪλԼǵģǿ˵ּ֮ǰδǿӦ̣Ҫð
ֻҪһȥ񸮴ҲܰϢ֪òˡ
˾ͽ̫飬ǱȻǳҪҪöࡣ
ϾǷҲͿ֣֮ٺϺ͸ۡĹЩ⣬ȴǺܴ󣬱ϾǻǷʲô飬⵽񣬲Ȼȵ»ʵǻܵüӶֵǡ
ԭǿӷΪԭȱ˫ٺ
ôַ⣬ȴûʲôġ
Ƿֲ̫һˣ̫ǰ϶ĵ̳ˣĴ£˵ӦϢ
٣ӦϢ˵ġ
˾ͽҡҡͷ˵·ͷġ
˵ţ˾ͽߵ˼ֺǰֺչʾһԼϵ·Ժ˵磬ϸ·˵
ֺϸһ˾ͽǼŷ֣⵹ǸոǷ˺ü·
ⲻģ
ǰҵ˵Ӧʱ·ҵĵġ˾ͽ˵ǻ游ǰ˸ĵģǶûϢ
˾ͽֺԽЩЩּһǻʵֻѪˡ
һⲻǻʵһʱأ
˵עڣûɶһʱʵ۷ǵעﻮһ仰أ
İɣ˾ͽֺ֪ܲڵʲôֻЦ˵ûиоչ˶˲٣
δȼֺ˵˾ͽ˵ϢڹҲòˣֻûͷȥǽղŸһЩѾ׼̫ˡ
ֺ˾ͽŷĲڻƼ䡣
̫¡ֺվظ˾ͽһ
ֺֻôһ˾ͽˣҪȥְֺֺֻ˽ŵȻЦż٩ô̫»һԲϾͿʼˣ
ҡһΪҲͬǰһ㡭˾ͽֺһ٩ͻȻ˵
˶ֻ˵˻̫˼Խֵģеĵġ
˾ͽҲû뵽Լǳ̫ϻԼЦߵС̫࣬ȥͱսսģˡ
ֻͷʱ΢Լͷˣ˾ͽ񲻹˻һС̫Ѿսսع¿ʼﺰš̫ˡ
ᶫѾ̫ˣӣ·ǸһԲϾҪ˴ħƵġ
̫ӣĳظ˵һ䣬ԺʹˣԺ£Ҳ
̫Ҳ˵պøӽһЩ
·ǶΪ˻̫еϲǶ˵˻̫ٺòˣҲõ̫ˡ
ǵģΪ˻̫Ƕ̫ӻǶ˾ͽ˵ٺòˡ
˾ͽ֪ΪʲôܸоѹЩʲôƵģֻҲ֪ѹֵе
ֱֺոչغ̫ʱ˾ͽͻȻ׹ˣΪ˻̫ͱһ¼ҹˡ
ԭԼԹĺ磬һҲͬԼֻԼ̫ǡ
úõģôˣҪҰ￴ˣΪ۸ءֺҲû뵽ԼһЦ˾ͽˡ
ֺ׵һˣ΢һ˼˾ͽʵԭЦŰο˾ͽ̫㣬Ҳ㣬ĸ㡣
˾ͽҲһʱ֮Щûֺ֪ոֻͬԼЦԺ󣬵ԼЩ˼ˡ
ˣأֺ⳶
ǰղǾĸҪȥʾի伸ôŸаһ棬ֲžĸһȥʾˡ
ϵʱҲϣҲΪĶֻǼոչֽżݰ̵飬ٹвҪϲġ
ûиһȥ

ۼҲҪͷˡҲʲôɵģȻ֪̫ﱳĺ塣
̫˵˾ͽѾǰ϶Ļ̫󣬵һӦϲǾΪԼҽЩӸеѹԺҪЩˡ
̫δĸͷ࣬ȴҲû֪ġ
Ǽ޽꣬ϥֻһŮòʣж۶ӣ˹
̫ҪĹҪ̫һ̤ٲ
Щ̫Ҳ֪˶ٵˡ
ǰǰ̶ˣ̫ӣǶ˵Ǻ¡
ˡ̫˵Ż˽ͨ
ˣôɡ̫æ˵
ŴС̫˵Ϣͨ
˾ͽ񱻷˻̫̫ǵһʱϢãؾ˳ȥ
ǣǶûǾԼڹжˡ
̫Ц˵㵹Ķأ⹬￴űҹܵñղ͸ģʵϢ״ȥ㵱ֻд֪أҲ̫үЩֵǶ֪òˡ
ֻ˵Ǻ£˵ȴǾˡ̫ĵط˸ŵİ˵оøء
ϻҪʣּ̫ŴӺŮѾˣְԼҪʵЩȥ
˵ôϲȵһֱأԭǽҪˡ̫Ц˵
ʲôϵϲȵɲһӦҲ֪˾ͽ̫»ûּȻҲ֪ҲԸֻ޵˵һ
գиõϲأ乧ϲҪǰ˵ˡ
ϢͨĴȻҲؾ֪ˡҲֻǴЩҲ඼֪
ֻǣǵǲ
ԼҸʲһ̳˶ˣ´Ѿˣڻ˵ʵһˡ
˵Щ־ڻλĻǣ̫֮ӱ˻̫Ƕճɹĸ¶ҪС١
ЩԻλûʲô뷨ĻǣϢҲôʹˡ
ԼȲ̫ҲͰˣ˭˼ǻʺĵأ̫ӵĶƾʲô
ѲЩģøһС޶
ԭҲͲܳΪ̳ˣ˵˭ʵֵۣܣøΨһĽ٣Ҳûʲô
ټϴĸţԭҲȻʺϥ꣬һϵ֮ǰ̫ӹϵҲ΢׺һЩ
̫˳ǻǶԴһЩ
أõ˾ͽҪ̫ϢҲʹغܣֱӾʹŴŮϲˡ
Ҳ÷ЩŮʵƫľ̫ӣټ̫ʰֻ֮Ҫ̫Ӳ
Щֵôڸʸǰ֣ǶСˡ


100 
һ㣬ȻҲˣȽ̫ӵǻˣƾԭǵ΢Ľ֮飬ȥ̫ӵ
̫ӵǰ̻ûȫʱ򣬾Ͷ̫ˡ
ΪʵΨһŮҲǼܳģѡʱ򣬻ʵۿҲѡãǵһƷģ˽ô˲С
żгȥ߹ش̣Ҳ¹ս񲻹֮꣬ǰЩӾͱʵ۵ΪƷܶˣ͵ŹձȥϸΡ
λãԼߣȢ˻ʵԭ򣬵ȻҲԡ
˵ھͶ̫ӵĴ㣬Ŵһʵ̫ӵĸ֮飬Ҳô˵ĵҲû
ֻڴԼͶ̫Ƕʵ۵ļɵ
ֻǴ˵Ҳмֵֻȥ̽һ̽Ŀڷ磬Բнմ¡
ǲЩѣֻƲƲ죬͵͵һõֻ붺档
Ҳˣҿָһˡ̫ͷŵһŮæ˵Ҳǲͺں鷿أǸһȥɡ
˵ţ̫ԸߵѾߵѸͽ͵ǶȥٽС̵ĸȥ
ҲһŮ˰˵Ǳȥɡ
ͳŸѾȥ鷿˾ͽͼֺ
ųͳ˵ţ˵ҽмҪ鷳ء
㾡ܷԸ˵ʲô鷳鷳ġ̫Ц˵
ڻʵǶܳ裬̫ݿȥȴ㣬̫ԴҲǿġ
Ҳ֪ҸձҪˣǺ˵ÿնڸʸǰֵҲõġ
ӹǲôã˵ϵķˮˣҲôȥϵ˵
Ҫ֮ǰ࣬ҲЦŲһ죬ҵĹСʱЩССֵҲϸţûҲͺˡ
ǰǰǶҪʲôҩֻܸ˵̫Ҳæ˵
Ҳʲôҩģڰֵ̫ҽֻ˵űǡ
ʱΪĳЩˣŵ³һֱôãЩҲˮˮ˲ҲϡһģŮزˣҲôóˡ
ֱЩ꣬סˣſʼš
ֻڹж飬ӣʱ򻹵ö࿴֡˵ԼĿĵ
ܳ裬ŴһŮڻʵ۸ǰзӶ˺ŮҲ
ʵ۵ҲǸһ㣬ڹжġ
ĳӳ³ǸȵӣѾ˲£ڻʵߵ
ɴӳ˽ѹ㷺⣬ȴǸĲ䲻͵ģƫƫƫӣӴ˶βס
鷿Щ̫Լţǻһ㡣
ټϣҲ֪ԼҴǸԵӣ˵Ҳ˺ǲͬġ
ǰ̫ӻŵģȻ竣ӹң
Ҳóڹж飬Ҳöύӽ˾ͽˡ
شȥϣҲûѴӴϣֻó󰲰ڹж顣
ʹҪȥϸͶ˵ģΪĴӣڹǴû̫кҲû˸۸ġ
⻰ͷһ̫㶮˴˼
˵ǰѳи̫˵ƽ̫һ飬붫õ˼Զ
̫Ҳ򶫹ã󲿷ԭҲ˾ͽѾʵ۶Ϊ̫öǰ̡
ŮƽҲ£ڻʵǰźۼ˵ϼ䶫ĺûѾȴﰵ̫Ҫõöࡣ
ҲֲȻʺţ̫ûĸڻʵ۸ǰͷơ
ټϴѾǽϵܶҪλãܸ̫ӴԲض˵
ǰдӣ̫һ˳ɵĵܵܣĶŻλ˾ͽɻ̫Ҫı
дԶ˵Ȼٺò
̫ҲĺܣʵȻ谮̫ӣҲǰ֮Ҫѻλ̫
ʵδûмɻ̫ӵ֮ġ
̫ӵһֵŻλ̫һϸ£ͷδûлʵ۵˼ڡ
ϾʵսȥǼ̳ȴ긻ǿ˭£õļ̳һյȲסˣӶǸλӡ
ԣʵҲͷԼǶŻλƽ⼸ʵҲڵͷֻǸִ֮ˡ
Ǵ붫ܣʱܻʵ۵Ĳ¼ɡ
ԣ̫ţύǺ£ȴҲܰڵ
̫Ц˵ҪԶУĸıҪչ㣬οһŹڹж飬չҲҵı顣
ԭ̶ʱҲŰ붫ύãҲذڵ
̫ô˵˴˼ֻЦ˵Ȼ˵ı𣬿ҵҲлһлá
⼸һͶĻû˵ȴѾڰһ¡

磬ҵ˼ǵҵĽˣ
飬֮ǰ̫Ӻ̫˽µ̸
ǵ̫˾ͽҲЩ֮ģϲԡ
ټϣ˾ͽֺ׺ҲһֱżֺӱֱΪ
ϢȻЩȻʧǿԼҽûûεӣַ·ý絹ȷʵҲǺʵġ
鲻̫̫ĹϺͼҲڲ˵顣
ֺǴǰģʶҲ磬Ա˾ͽֺҲ֪Լôһס
ֺӼҲûʲô龭׵ʱԳǵ٩ʱ򣬼ֺҲΪ˾ͽ졣
սԺ󣬼ֺ˶ε٩֮󣬶ĵ٩ҲͲˡο٩һ˾ͽҲûЩϹ
˵ֺ˾ͽ֮䣬ʲôŮǿ϶ǲ̫ܵģ֮飬˵֮鵹вٵġ
ԣǽ׾ֻЦֺҲûʲôĸо
ޣֺȻҪ˾ͽ飬ܣҲҪ˾ͽ顣
ʵҲûʲôֱ
֮£͸Ǹĸ֮ý֮԰ˡֺ˵һЦʵѲҲǽǾ͵ˣ
Ȼǡ˾ͽæ˵
˵ţԷſŵ
С£ҵСүˡ
ͱˣ˾ͽ˵оͱɡ
˵Ҳ󣬸οֺͳ£ֶȨӵܣȻҲʶġ
ǳԭΪ岻ôãҲţ˵Ҳǵһؼ
峣겡Ѭ㣬Ϊҩϻһӵҩζ
ҲΪţƽֻڼ飬һ
ֺŵϵҩζֿӣѿڶֳʲôҩ
ֺ仰˵Ժ鷿ͻȻ;ˣεտʼ鷿


101 
ڹгĺӣӣ˾ͽȫ磬Ҳ֪λεľ档
˾ͽôҲû뵽˵Ļ
仰Ҳ߯ḡЩ
˼ҳʲôҩ
Ҳ˵ҩ˼岻õ˼ͷϾҩҲͲʲôôʣҳʲôҩǸ˼ҵ״ϵģԭǵһμ棬ʵЩˡ
˾ͽ񼱵þͲתˣҲ֪δԲ
ֺ˵Ǿ仰Ժ󣬾Իʧԣԭֻŵϵҩζֻ磬Ҳû뵽Լôʳôһ仰ֺǺһֵǸ
Բҡ
ֺҪǸҲ֪˵ԼǳʲôɲŻѿ˵ֻ
ѾˣҩˣûʲôΣ״֮⣬ˣ˵Բɶ
ҡҲáǾ仰ոһ㣬ֺһʱ֮䵹֪˵ˡ
Щ죬ȻҲû뵽ֺôʣȻټˣȴҲ˼ϸ֮ˣΣЦ˵ּҸǲŵҩζˣ
ЦŽ͵֮ǰӹǲãճҩòҽˡȻӹǺˣҲɰЩҽ飬ƽҲͿҽ򷢴ʱ䡣
ϵҩζҲ⼸ҩģŴҩζ
ԭǼֺ˵ĻЩΣɳһ㲻ⲻ˵ԻΡ
˵ʱ򲻼죬ټŮöһԡĸо
˾ͽ񶼶ı߿ϼֻ֣óʵһĵĹ˵ԻʧԵļֺˡ
ȣһ㶼ƽԼʧԣֺԳĺøԽ˼֡
ȻֺҲû룬ֻǾóƽ⣬ʵ
˵ôһƬڣǲֱ͵͵ƿˣ˿ûоԼףץס廰©ʵ
꣬ıԹһ䣬Ҳ治֪Щʲӵʲôÿģҿһҳƫƫ㵹ǰ
ҪպΪ飬ͷұҪһ𣬽Щ鶼˲ǡ
һ˵ҪԼЩ鶼ˣЩˣæ͵û˯Ϊͷֲǲ֪˯Ҳֻһգһ˯øնˡ
˵꣬Щˡ
Ϊ㲻ôãԲǸĸֳֽ˵һ㡣
һ͵ˡ
УҲ¸ĸֳģԳֻЩ֢ͨҲԸĸֳ˵ֻΪһ˵ġ
Ȼʧ֢֮һ˵ǴֵĳҲʼˣһʵ岻˯жʱˣ
ûȳشԼ⣬ֿʼԱ߶вУʧֻ֢֮С£ǳõ˯ãҲҪѪ㣬̫ҽ
˵ţҪܳȥȥѰȥ̫ҽơ
ոڳǰ˵ԼʧߣóģѾЩˡð֪ҲζŸĸͳҲΪˣԸ⣬æų
ֲǲ֪ʧ֢̫֮ҽˣҲǿ찲ҩ״˽ƱԹ˵Щ֭ӣûò˵װθڡ
οⲻЩС°ˣ⼸յʰȥϵĶأοͷٲġȰ
˵ҪЩ֭ӣԼûûѧ˵ͿʼҩˣЩĬĬȻȷʵҪԺθڻС١
ǳ֣Ҳܸе飬ȴҲ֪ĸȷʵæҡ
˵ţ׻̫ҽѰҲ˵мֵ
ԭͳֺҲ죬ʧֲ֢֮ԸȰĿ֭ӣ˵
ҵһ֪ҽϿ˵˯ǰһţ飬аߵĹЧ
֮ǰֺڳǱģϿģ˵ǱϵĴ󲿷ַӣ̫ҽ˵ȷʵЩġ
ţ飬а߹ЧֺȴҲû֤
ټϣųӣֺ֪ȷʵţֿº͵ĶҲܺҳˡ
ԣֺ˵ԺֲһⷽҲû֤¼ÿʹ̫ҽ֮ԡ
ԭԼͶҽ飬ֺ˵ţ飬۾һ˵ݾ衷˵ţţ֮ѪҺʺѪ࣬ǿйЧ
˵ҽ۾˺üּ֣Ҹı鿴ģ
ֺԭ˵˵ϲҽ飬Ǳҽ֮
Լı鿴ģæ˵ԵһҽϿģҳ౾ʹ˸¼һ
ǾͶлּҸˡ¶һǳЦæл
ҽ鲻֪Ƿã¼û̫ҽ֤ǡ˵Ǳҽ飬ҽ֤ҽֺΣͳ¼ȴһΣԼֺ˵Ҫ̫ҽ֤
ּҸĺˡԼܿһһҽ飬ЩϲãҲһֱЦ

⼸նæҵʱ򣬽һˣҲֻ̫ˣȻҲҪ̫һϢ
ָһ㣬ֻǸ̫лЦǰڸǶ˵ĸĸˣĸҪĸǨЩҪˡ
еĸ߻ӵĸһĸѾǸ߻ˣΪλȻ˻ãҲһˣסƫС
ҲǴ벻ͨĵطܹλݵͣҲƵãһȴܸͷʢϣʵ˾÷˼
̫ŹҪܹǨȥȻʱе鷳̫
ȻˣҲֻ̫˵һ˵Ҫæˡ
Ϊܹһֱֵ߻Ӷֵ³ģҲһֱΪӵĸ࣬ܶ˶Ϊ߻Ӷյһ
ƽ߻ӿҲڰӰ¡
ôһ˵Ҫܹ˺Щˡ
̫ϢҲ̫֪Ƕʲô
˵ܹ˺Ƥͷһ֮ǰֺǿƵ߻Ǽ¡
²ǣǼЩϵ
ǲǵãǰЩӣǹҲ򷢳ȥһˣ̫ȴһͷ
˼ǡʲôȴֺû
ҲǴˣû뵽ǹﻹвٶӡ̫̾һ˵˭õõЩǰǲ׵ģȴվɳ˱˵İ׮
̫˵ţɫԴ˵ͷҲúúɸһɸԼϵˣǼӣȴҲʲôݲ߷ǡ
ͻȻһ뵽ǸߵܣɲϲССЩô
ﻹв׵ģߵССˣ
ĸҲû뵽ԼôõȴһֻǰɣЦ˵һ
ߵܵҲȴ֮ǰ⹬﹬⣬Ҿûһ˵ߵܲõġ̾һ
⿴ŵҲѣǲ˰ˡ
ǣ߻֮ǰӵʱ򣬿Ҳٵ˵顣
Щ˼ˡ
ǰǵܵǶ˰̫пֻҲ֪̫˵ǵܵʹˣҰĴˡ
ԣЩֽģǵö࿴ŵšָ˵
лһ˵ʱҲˣǱȻȥˡ
̫Ҳ֪⼸ȷʵæңȷʵҲͷˣҲֻ˵Ǵ·СЩҲͲԶˡ
κϣʹ


102 
ǽȥ鷿ʲôˣɫһԶŮΣ
֧̫ӣ̫ӵǻ֮Щ⣬˵û뷨ҲǲܵģҲıôģδĹĸ
ģȻõĶԼŮĸǰˡ
˾ͽѾǰ϶ĵ̳ˣԼŮ˾ͽҲʣֻ˼°ˡ
˾ͽǻ̫ﲻ٣ҲȷʵƷأǼҲ˵Լǻʵ۶Ůܳ裬ҲѾǶƷԱˣŮ浾ᣬǹŮеĵ䷶ˡ
ԼŮֻԼŮƷûһ䲻˾ͽ̫ġ
Ů̫֮ӣⲻô
ΨһľǣԼҽ岻ôã
ҲǴӹﲻ˿ŹȴҲвٵķ粨ԼŮӹʵǲʺϹ
ԴҲЩԥ֪òðԼŮ˾ͽߴա
˶СִŴ˳ȥϣ鵹ҲϡҲʳ˾ͽĵһӡ
ôͻȻôʣֲǵһμˣ廹û˵µ˵꣬µôǲģҲֻңôһˡ
ԼҴЦֻĬģġ
ҲǹΣ鷿ʦǶֱӣѲԼãأ
ǰ׶ӣҲô˶ӵģֻҲɵӣֻתͷԼŮأ
ţ˵öԡһֱԼҪһµҽͼֺոĬдǼϣûע˵Щʲôֻ
һֱǰֺĬǸҩмζҩԲϵģôͷŵһҩأ
ˣкҩԣ
ͻȻ뵽˷ζôϵҩкҩԵģȻĸоóҲ˼֣Ҳ¶һЦ
Լոշ·ʹʲôæոʲô
Ҹո˵ЩһҲûȥոڸ߶Ǿ˾ͽ˲Ҳճ֮ġ
ĵ˵һѣ֪ԭһ㶼ûȥ
ôأһۣͷԼһ˫ŮֻܷԼԼģ
ƽŷ֣ŮϻЦء
ʲô˵ˣʵ
һʣһȴ룬Ůȷʵϲ˾ͽԼȻҪŮһѣŮóԸ
ʲô˵飬󲻹ֿ˼Ȥҩ¡ƲƲ˵
Թɵص˵ͷ۾ƺðǣţּҸ֮ǰ˵һżһҽ顣
ּҸ˵ǳ˺üһ
뵽ԼͿԿһ̫һҽ飬Щڴϵ΢ЦҲɵü˼֡
ּҸ磿ȻƺЩûӦ
Ǽֺٹҵĳ󲹳һ
Լո̫ȷʵ̫֮ãˣ̫ĵü޵ٹȥ
ո̫˵ȥͺһ档
׹ˣֺ̫ɡ
̫ͻȻһ˵ﵹȷʵǼˣ˵ĵطԼŮ˾ͽô䣬Ǽֺأ
ٹĵճضҲܼ̳ٹľλġ
żֺ˾ͽĹϵͼ̫ӵĹϵֺһٲ˵ġ
ο̫λ˵̫ԸɵģҲٲƵǸӡ
̫ѼֺŮѡ֮󣬱ԽԽüֺȷʵ
˵˵ּҵļҷ絽׻ǿԵġ
ͼֵܣ߶ǸɸɾģҶûУٹȻȷʵмС檣Ǹʱٹͷ̣⵹Ҳġ
˵ˣˣҲΣǿžģҲֻᵱŵˡ
úΣʳ
ڳ忴ܸҽģȻǺˡ
ּҸǸˡ屧ĸ׵ĸ첲Ц˵
ȴĵõ½ǣ˵ûоã찢ֵֹġ

ⲻ֪ʵ飬ֻ֪ǵùȥ˹ǵԼȥſڽӡ
룬һյˣҲֵ°˰գֻͣܺúõݸ裬Ȼڴ̯š
ǣǸùӣʵǸӵģôˣҪȥӡ
˰ɣȻʮֺﻹǾüֺıӵģֺҪȥӣΪ׵ܲܲȥɡ
ƣڹſڶȳʯˡ
ﱾ䣬ټϺһⶼɪɪˡ
ƫƫԭڹеʱҲÿ
Ҳʶ룬ֵعŵģǼԭĺѡ
ôõĽڣôҲ֪ЩֵܡĺѱԹ֪Ҳҵ˵ҪȥˣͲʲôֵˣÿڼžͺˡ
ԭһԿС飬СͽֵҲˡ
ĺѣƼˣü϶ǸأɲĽʺô
ڼţ
Ѳ㻹ȥˣѷʵ
ɲǣЩ۵ÿˣǲһӺζⱧԹ
԰ϼ֣װûͦģĺѲŲأҶǧϺ꣬ʲôիأЦŵ٩ƭİɣ
ǣҡոҪͣѾ˼⡣
ֲǵһ쵱ѣ㻹ܲ˽⣬Ѹ˼һҶ񣬡ֲ
⣺ƺҲϴ˰ɣ
ⲻԼֻܵŵҪԼĺѱϴżֺӹųˡ
ֺϣҲû˼Լĺٱˣæӭȥ
Сڣôˣǵϸ첲㣿ǲ۵ûŰ
˵ֺĶͷԹ
ĲˣĺԺµƽҲڼţſڽһɩӺֶôˣ
ǣûСԼ˵ˡ
˵أôүһĸӶԸˣ
ô˵ﻹ˼æǰϣڨЦĻ̣ȻһٸԸ⡣
żӺĵĻֺͼǺѣԼͬس췭һۡ
СһҽȥԺ󣬼ֺϵܲ԰ȥ
Сϻû˵أȿʼˣǿ˼˰ɣ
ҲȼֺشԹԵ˵¼ҵĹǼңҲ䣬λС˵岻̫ã
ɲɣ岻ãһ޵ǼûһغˣǺǻõ򣿡
ү˵ʲôŶ󣿡
˵ʲôҲŶ󣿡
ֺͬ˵
Ͽ˼ֺһۣ˼һڵ˼ӹǺòãүܿտڰ˼СҪǱΪǼҸ˼гء
үǺúùܹԼɡ
ǣԺ˵ǡֺõ˵
ôܽҺ˵ӣǿԱ㿴ǺЩ˭͹С飬û͹
⻰˵ȷʵмֵ
ԼǼ֮⣬ֺཻĺѵģ˼ҵСˡ
ֺཻЩѣֺҲٻͶȥֻо˼ˡ
ο˼ҵСҲʵڲʲôϹص顣
żĻҲлɵؿֺԼҶӲӵ˰Ѳ濴˼Сˣ
ⲻǽһؼô
е飬ҽղǵһμСܿ˼Сˡֺ̾˿ո鷿һһʮؽԼĸ
˵ֺ꣬ԼıЩ˵Ҳ֪ʱôģ˵ôð˼Ļ
Ȼ˵ϲҽҲţҪǱҽΪֺ
ֻǣСɵδŮҸ˸ȥǾ˽ˡ
ԣ԰͹ȥ
Ͽ˼ֺһۣûԼҶϿģ
ȻֺȷʵҲûʲôġ
Ӽˣ￴˼һС
ȻҽǸ˼ģҲˣ㽫ҽ͵Ժ춹ùһˡ˵
ҽ飬ֺͳ˺üԭǴűõģȴû뵽Ȼһһͳȥˡ
ҩùãϴγЩҽأֺҩ
ϴβ˵ҪúôҩʵұúŵǼˡ
ùøһֺ˵ϻװ͵Ƕȥ
ǣҩӦһʵҪˣ
ҪˣԹùõҸһϻװֺǸ̴ľϻӰɡ
ϴλ˵Ҫҽ鵱ұأŶӣͳȥüˡҩЦ˵
żôֺЦԼ˵


103 
ԭҪȥμһƵԺԣֻΪֺĻ£ֵ˼ա
ĻѾ˵ԺԻһʱ䣬ǰȥҲӦһ»˳ŸصѧǽһѧʣҲѧʵ
ԼҲʼƻ½ȥˡ
ĵǺ˵ϾһȥμԺ͸ԵľˣôЩȥ꣬ʲô³̵ģﻹҪٷ˼
ֻһ㣬¬ҪҪżһȥꡣ
˽ʷȻǲԸ¬ϸżȥϵġ
ʲô˼»ޣɻû£
ʷϵִƳɻûգִƾսȥˣҲûԹô
ҵʷϻǴϱģͷţӿҪڵ¬ѹࡣ
ңϱӦڶӲڵʱڼ̷Źɩٳּġ
ʷϾ;ãϱôأ벻Ƶġ
Ȼˣ˵ףʷЩƽˡ
ֻǣʷҲ֪Լ뷨ֻЩС˼ȻҲұֳһ
϶ϱأʷϴŵЦ϶һȥꣿ
ʷ꣬Ҳû¬ϻػֽԹ˵Ӿǵ꣬·;ңԶһ·۳Ͷٵģ϶ϱҲԲ
ο˵ҲǵլɵԼ
ʷ⻰ȫΪ¬Ͽǵ˼е˼ȴҲԣü¬Сһȥꡣ
ϸʷദô֪꣬ܲǵС˼
ԼĵصҲ㻵żɣڸϱ¡ֻԼҲǸģֻҪҺɣҲͬ
Ҳ֪˸ӦʷСë˳ŵĻ˳ëˡ
¬Ȼ޽ãΪˬʣϣ¬ദҲʮֲʱҲԸðǻ䡣
˼Сôոճɻûã͵ʱԸֿ
Լˣ¬Ͽ϶Ҳżһȥġ
˵ȷʵʷ˵ǰ㣬Ӿǵȷʵ·;ңԶϾ˼ңжһų˽ģôź·;
Ҳ¬Ͽ϶ɶҲҪһȥġ
ЦŰǻܺͶõ»飬ųɻ鼸£Ƿ޻÷־صġ
ȥҲΪ£˵Ҫһʱ䣬϶ϱҲӦİɡʷȴ˵
¬ԭҲνżȥ꣬ϾȻЩӣҲ׻˲٣ɿžûеɰľ޸ˡ
ֻͼǲǰòڸòɩӺһл
ҪƯƯѾ߽ǷԼӣɶ
ţ̫̫˵ǡ¬һͬ
үȻȥæµģȻȥ˶үһڼŰɡ
ԭʷϲԸ¬ϸżһȥ꣬¬ԼԸȥˣʷЩŤ
ϱǲԸڼҶӳԿɡ
ʷϿ¬һۣЩƣɸողöϱŶȥԼʷ˵ʲôԡ
ֻ¬ô˵Ϊ»СϱƤȽϱҲ˵ɷһֲܴɷ¡
øŶȥ꣬˶ܵ£ܰĶܡ
⻰ô˵ʷϾһæʵ
̫̫룬֮ǰܻûɻ飬ȥ˽꣬ҲøЩǹཻʣϾǺء
񣬶ܼȻѾ˻飬ǱǴˣܵøǽһϵ
ȥԵģʲôʱӦЩˡʷЩϲˣɫһ㡣
ҪԼɵȥøȺʲôʣ
ǰԣøŶȥãЦ˵̫̫룬ֻܵԼϰΣҲһ˼ʹϵĴ
мҪעЩ⣬Ҫּҵ˻Ǿ͹ʣǾ¬ЩԣҲұԹҼǺ޼ּҵġ
¬øЩ˼ҽ֣ҲܸھЩŮ֮
˵õҲмֵʷϻҪƬ̵ӣȴѾͬ
ӴӴЩ¬һ˵ȥ˽ϣø˽ԽԸżȥˣæƴǵ
ʲôģֻ¬СãЦźʲôѵģֻ˵˵лǡ
˵⻰٣ϾЩǻٹ¬˵ʲôЩŮǶֻ˵
οҲȥʵġ
ʲôģͷ۲ˣҾͻ˰ɡ¬ϱϵĸ첲ﻹ̫̫ɩɩأõң
Ҳֹʵ飬ϰʾ¬ϵϾ϶ˣúôҲȥŵ
ɩɩ˵ǣһ϶Ƕ͸ʲôĳģô죿ʷҲ˵
ʷΪ϶ǲԼ檵ģͬɼӸˡ
ʷϵǾĽЩ˵ģΪֺüִƻ͹ЩСͿʼ~̵
üִҲֳŮɫġ
ʷϾԲԼиҲҳҡ
¬һ϶ˣȴͻȻ۾һϹˣҸŶүһȥϰɡ
ɲǣֻԼҵóԴˣæҲһǶΪɣ϶ǿǵġ
¬õĻ͵Щϵء
¬ϸһȥ£ô
ΪλҪȥҪʰ֮ǰֶ˲٣¬߹õˣҲôϡ
ңȻ¬ҪȥȻ뽭ϵǽʣزҲôһЩ
ټϣܿŻǺаյġ
ǿţƱҪ˳Ųμٻˡ
Ǽ¬ϻڽܻؾҪĶԽһЩ
ּԭҲͲȱǮȥԺԵʱҲ磬ϱ¬ˣֱӹһ󴬣ž˺һ·ϱȥҲʡһ·ǴģǸˡ
ʱڴϲٹĻռģһ·Ҳв۵˸ɧŵġ
ٹһҴҲʲôܣûգˡ
ҲҪȥ기أ˵ٹĶүҪȥμӿƿҲǴ˴ȥģԼһȥꡣ
һôһȥ꣬·и˵ˣһ·ֻܶŰããĽˮ
ڶô˵Ȳʹ󣬿ɵ״ҪȥΪٵģ뵱صҽãȻٺò
ּǴӽģнĴֳƺţܽżּҵͷ뵽ЩȥȻٺò
һǴС˼ȻֺΪ뷨ȻҲ뿴ּҵŷ磬һȥ꣬Ҳÿּµġ
ܸŴǵĴһȥϣҲʡȥܶ಻Ҫ鷳ּвͬġ
Ƕʮֵؿǹȥ꣬Ҳпյĵط
ǼǶŲ£ֻ˽ŵǶǡ

żȥ꣬⿼ٵʱҲԽˣȻҲԽˡ
Ҫ֪װֻһŽոձĶֻҪһ飬һɶ
ƫƫɣˣƤ
˰ٰʮûסҪǻˣͲ˼Լɲ˯ѧˣʡõڶٶˡ
ǣ
ûв˼ֻҪһ˵͵ɡ
һϿɥҰһ·񱼳ȥɷ
·ֻҪһ̣˻Ƶġ
ҲؾͿʼ콭ˣЩҲ֪ˣ
Ҫ֪ЩüִǶٴ֪̼֮⡣
ϧ¾û֪顣
ǽϰ䣬ɱ˰ɱûԼԼٽ̼ȥ϶ûá


104 
ⱩƢҲⱻ˿ǣڿϻԼ⡣
˶鲻УҲͰˣΪʲôϰ䶼У
Ӻ֫ûһõġ
ƫƫˣҲһѧҲ˵ҲһԷˡ
ҪֱŭҲˡ
ôֺͼҴҸȥѧΣŸոߵ䳡Χڶżء
ߺ𣬻ĺӧǹȻҪǼǼִƵĶӣֺãĺӧǹһ̾ҪƼĺˡ
ϾҪһ˵Ĳزסġ
ֺͼһۣӱ˴˵۾п˺¡
Ȼ󣬲ԼͬļӿһŲ
ϰԣȻϲȥ棬ֻڼִƵ壬Ȳ䳡
ҲЩ鲻Ըʱ֮ǰ嶼ȽϺ˵ǳٵһֻҪ̫֣һֻ۱һֻ۵ġ
Ϊ竽ļ̳ˣҲһֱ߶յʮֺãıԵǻ
һأ䲻ǲѧεʱ㵽ͱѵһ٣ʵֺͼӡ̡
䱻ѵ˰ʱƽ͵ɵֱǩ
ҲͰˣô̳˼ּǵĺƤĻôϼ䣬ʹ
䣬Ҫһÿξ͸ˣԼվžˣЩҶ
ʡû䣬
ԺһƪҲûнҹȥ˵Ϊͷü佲Լ̵һһٱ顣
Ҫ֪ʮÿвٵĶ
һ͵òʱ䣬οһٱ顣
ԭ仹Żˮ㣬ϾƽҲˣ˭֪ȴǵһһ鶢żꡣ
ȼԺ춼Ѿˡ
䣬죬ĺˮֶǲŵģøҽҩգǿˡ
뵱ļ/Լֺͼ䶼£޲ԼոһЩʡһСľﰭʦۡ
ƮƮģǹô忴żö֪ĻΪ輧ء
ޣ輧趼ˡ˼һڵ
㿴ģ˵ٵʱܱӮˣʱһʹͱЦ
ȴһ첻ģЦ˵ãЦҲӮô
ףвսʤ
壺ϴôʱϴΡ
үѵö𣿡ƢҲģĲС
οҲ㲻ʲôƢˡ
ʲôö˵ģııԵ̽⾩˭֪Ҽһ竡
ôӮٲǺô֪֮˵
㻹ͦ¡ȻϻżЦ˵ĻȴǴżҧгݵζ
ȴ·Щҧгݵζһ㣬һһ㡣
ƣҪǼﻹһ˺ӧǹǵð֣˵⻰
ɣӣȥ٣˼һ˵ʱҵνǶٹǸΣ
ѽʦָʲôһνүͱҶûˡ
ᣬƫƫҲʵǶԼ¿ˮ̵ģУƫƫʵ޿κΡ
ÿһ㣬վԱ߲˵ļֺͼ䡣
ôԱվŸʲôװأѲɻҪ䣿
⻰һֺͼﻹ˵æȥøԵһֵҲ硣
ֱżֺͼ䶼Ѿ׼׼ؿʼԼ̹ĶЩʽҲһֲص˵ͷô¿ˮ̵ѧ
еų֣Ҳֻôֶѡ
Ϊתͷʼ⡭ġ
ʵ벻ףٹ䰲ĴӢۣôôĲ䲻ͣùҹĶӣ
ҪٹѪףһ鵽ǲ׶ӡ
Ҳʵ벻ף֮ǰͦͰʦΪλô꣬͸ըҩͰƵģһը
ȥˣͣ¶ĵС鲽ŲֺСʵܣ˵ʦôˣôôꣿ
ֺһĭӶ˵壬ﻹ᲻֪屩ԭ
ΪɶΪ̫¡
˭̯ϼôѧð̳ɲģˡ
ǣֺôǼ׶ӣ˵˴ŵĵطֺҲԸһӼ⣬һ¡֮顱
ΣҲõż棬ڼⱳŪǷǣ˵Ļ
ֺĬƬ̣Ȼֻҡҡͷ˵Ҳ
Ҳ²ʦ϶Ǹӳˡ²޲͡
ǡʦ岻
Լ²ҲмֵһԼԴ˵Ҿÿܾԭ򣬱ʦɼҽɣ
ҪʦѸԼˣھȥ̫ҽ
ⲻ̫ðɣֺæʦҲһ̫ҽɡ
ʦž念Ҳвġ
ָ˵вҪһʲô
ֺţܲһʽһٱ飬¡
һʱ߳ŭһǣԼֻҪҪˣ
ʲôϵ˵Ϊʦĵӹʦʲô
Խ˵ԽԼе
Ͳһ߹ȥ壬ҪҸ̫ҽβˡ
ֺҲ˲Լ׵ˣæԼСľס
ûʦܲΪ岻Ƣģ
ΪϱˣҲܿס
ֻ⵹Щð찡
ǡҰʦĸһģͷ˵һǷ֮ĸ飿
ǣֺʼˣôÿöڵأûʦƢԭ򣬿ҵ
ֺʾͼǸ򿴹ȥĭҷɣϲء
ôܡЦ˵ֲǵһˣ֮ǰҲûʦ⸱Ӱ
ǡ֮ǰҲûٽʦҲ֪ҵˣһͿֺٰʹ˵
Ҳǰ׵ֺû˵Ǿǽ
ֿһۼⷽתͷһۼֺ
ż㶵ӣֺʹسż˸ͷ
զЩˡ
ǰͷЩ屩ɣȻԼķһףǺôзġ
塭
Ҫһ竣һҹ֮ʹǰǣ˵ͻȻոǿ˵Ȱѧϰһ㣬ô
ԱһԼԼ˵ϰ䣬Ҳڵùҹô
ҪԼͻȻʹǰǣͷ׶̹ɣ飬ԺϰҲ͵
ãǻɱԼ
Լ竵ʱ䣬û峤ء
ԣ룬ҪʦģҲǸĸʲѡ
䣺Ҫ꣬ӿҪȥˡ
ֺ˼޿ӣôȰһ磬Ҫһ̣ȵҵپͺˡ
ǰǰ忼پͺˣС䣬ټһ¡ʶذοԼǰοһ룬־ЩԾ
ܣ˵ӱҺʹҶ࣬ҲƭҰżֺ
ֺЩףԼƭˡ
ģǿ϶ƿа
ȻƿУʦƱҪ忼һƣʦⲻǳ绹ô
ĻֺĪľúе̵ĿʼΪԼǰ;ǡ
ֺֻãԼͲò׾ӦøŶһȥ꿼ţǺôӹһ١


105 
ôڼ׵ֺԼ˽Լ׵ġ
˵츳Σ˵ѧϰ̬ȣ϶ǲģȻҲܰģ
ο츳Ҳȷʵôá
ֺѾԤԼδˡ
⣬긴һû٣Ȼһһؽ̵⡣
Լĵԣûãܴ͵·
ȻԽԽ
ʱ򣬳ʧȻ꼰㣬ֺԼǰ;ʵЩǰ
ֺѾԼΪĳЩԭۣҹû
ֺ룬ԼʱŲҪϰأأ
Ǳϰĵ·ʱ򻹵ñԼ׵ۡ
ֺ˼ֺɸֵĸо
ʲôأոѵ⣬תͷոջںúļֺͼ䣬ڵˡ
˽֪˵Щʲô
ȻˣҲ֪˵Щʲôֻ֪Ҳ͵ء
ôҲˣ
ֺ˼أͻȻĵһתͷŷ岻֪ʲôʱѾߵں濴ء
£ֺͼͬʱһ£ʲôԲߣʲôպ˶Ѿˡ
ֺæϽʰոշڽµСľ̿ʼ
䷴Ӧ˰ģǿֺĶԺҲæѧʼ
Ȼ˳ȴҲóȻӷˣֻضһѧȷʵ档
ص˵ͷתͷ䳡һͷԼߣѾʼ͵ˡ
һʱ֮ЩѪӿһѪ
Ҳ˲üֺͼˣֻһ䣬նʮ顣
ִҴҵȥලǸˡ
ʮ飿
ֺ̾˿ֻػĽ
ʲôˣ챻Ĵˣһ̣ʦ˵棬ٽżӡ
ôЩʽֺҲ˺ܶˣҲ˼䣬ֺһֿʼе轣һ߿ʼ顣
ԼҪˣʵǲܡ
ǰãִֺ飬ŲҪˡ
Ͼȿʼִüֺ䣬ԼֺҲǿ塣
ڣô䣬ʾԸֺûʲôϵ
ΪԭҲпΪּҵŴֺͬ˶øһͷ
ԼֺѧЩԸһͷߵ׳ӣҲԲʲô⡣
żִƳȥ˭ֺһ䣬ǽŻӡ
ֺã䵱ĿѾɵزˡ
ִ֪Ҳʡ䡣
ǣԭֺܳԼֺӦļִƣȴڼֺϰһϣֱ˿á
ֺҲʵ벻ףִһŷж︣ˣ׶ӼǶôܣΪηǵִԼ䡣
ҲʹִƣҪʲôʱ򣬻ʲô̶ȣſԲ䡣
ִȴڣʶ˱˵ȵʱˣǾͲˡ
ɵʲôʱգִȴǲ˵
ֺ²⣬Լ٣ſԲˡ
ȻֺһҪƾٵˣǲȥ٣ǾⱲӶȥ
ԭϰÿǿԺ󣬼ֺǾʵҲǺۣҲܽܡ
ɣⲻǻһǸҩͰļô
ֺ룬ãԼܽôսս
ǡ
Ǽ⿼٣岻Ҫ̼ˡ
ȻҲҲ΢΢ɺôҪȼִͻȻüֺϰøһЩ
ۿ̫еǸӰʱϣҲƽѧ¿εĵ㡣
ؿţոջ˵ԼһգʵûˣһҪ̱ӵļ⣬ͻȻһƥֵҰһ㣬˳ȥص̾˿
岻⣬ôбô죬˿Ҫӵģβˣ
̾˿֮У֮£ȻӦ˼ִҪ̵ÿʿܲܰ;ϰɡ
ңҲţˣѰ¶̵ܽ˼ˡ
ˮƽԼұҲûǸĸôؼڼոտʼɹʱ򣬾ʹǹݲˡ
ţôأôȥɣˣԼܺĲ⡣
żıӰ̾תͷȴֺվԼߡ
ʲô𣿡ԼֺĸдҲãûмǸСڣƢҲûոôˡ
ʦһҵпٵĿ𣿡ֺżɽʵ
˵ЩҳԼҺѧúòõģ⻹ͷһؿԼҸѧεģһʱ֮ЩûӦ
ǣ巴ӦԺֳ̾һ
ܿ
ʣ𰸿϶Ƿ񶨵ġ
Եȥ٣ЩĵطҲһŲ㡣
Щ˵ı̫ãȴܰȺ۵ġ
˵Щ˱䲻óرóű
ҳһЩģȥˡ
ˣһЩ㣬ɺô覲褡
䲻Щͱ䶼óһ϶ܹ٣ɵ׻ͨĿԵġ

ûһõóֵġ
˼覲褣ǻ¶覣ΨһûһģǱʱ򣬺ôԡ
仰˵ӵûͦġ
ˣ˵ܹ
ţ̾һоԴӽ˼ԺԼɰ̾ë
Ҫʵ𣿡Ϊѵ˵
ʦȻҪʵģֺЦֲһƤǲʵҾȥҵˡ
Ŷʵǣү̫ܹ١һʹһ£ֱ׵˵
ֺ壬ԭҲ֪⵽ﲻãôҪ֪˼ﲻãֺ취ֲһ¡
Ǽֺ̽űʵҵķ污
ԭҲڼֺǰ˵Ĳãʡû˼ڶǰԵ
һʵڲ֪ķ污Ķð
ԭҲǸֱˣ˵үﶼôã
ֺԭ̽һ£ֲĲ㣬û뵽ûֲ
ԣûʲô취ˣ
һĺӣͷԼڴʲô漣٣ɲġ
ЩֺжˣֻϧⲻԱߣһĻҲûо
룬˼ֺһϣүܰѱѧˣڱһǰé
ǱǳĻһҲûʲôٶһүڰʱӵøһЩǣһʱ˳ڣǰʵ˵ˣæĿڵ
үһЩڱ䳡϶һʱ䣬΢ǰһ㣬Ҳǲܡ
峩һõδ־ʵھ췽ҹ̷ˣүѧñȵ컹ѡ
ֺĻﵹҲЩ⡣
ӼǱʫ飬Ҳ漰̼Ҳ̰ܽɣ
ֺãôһԲС
ٲã֮ǰѧǰٶʮ鷨ôҲüס
üϰٶʮ飬ǲǻмִô
лҪ˵


106 
ոո극׼ڴµĹ̤ϿʼʳִͻȻźˡ
ϴҼǵûˣѧˣִĿƿ
ϡү˻ǰһ¿ˮ̵ӣǣڼִǰֻ֣ΨΨԡ
ܲ˵ԼûԼʿɣ
Ҳ׼˼ִƲҲǵñʿϾִҪܣСʱͿʼˣϵڣ
ԣŸÿɵģùҹ
ҪԼ˵ֻԼûҪʿıҪԺðɣ
ܼ̳оλģٹҴҵҪȥͷۻġ
ο̫ǻˣɣ
ĹλʿȲһ̫ðɣ
ԼĿŵػˮ㡣
鷿켣ľ飬֪ôܿػˮ㡣
ЩӣֻΪļȴֻ֪ǱװĺŬʵﻹڻˮء
ɼôҲû뵽ִƻٵ顣
ŶⲻйģӦýд
ִô٣ⲻȷԼҪǵʱûϣִƻ᲻һŭ֮´
Ҫһ̵棿š
үҲ֪ޱ˵˸ͷͱִЦϡ
ϡүѪеѹȣִûκ飬ֻЦȴԽ
ŶֻǾ㵹ҲһǴô㻹֪֮ͦġִһ
ֺԭԱվţһûסЦ
վڼֺ棬ĵص˼ֺһۣȴִץš
ɺʲôԼǽñЦˣִ˼һڵ˵ɡ
ǰˣСȴڼִǰʲôС
ֻʵʵ˵үҲ֪ҵģҾҿϡ
ŶĵҲˣͱͱ飬Ǿһ鲻УżִǼƣһҪٸʵ׵ĸо
Ҳſˣһ㶼ֱ˵ҾУ
ִż仰أãúɡ
ʲôúұ˲
ȷʵҲһҪˣǣõӵĽԼģ
úԼˣԼϷ
ƨһ㣬æ˵үʹãԼû٣Ҿʦ̵þͦõġ
̵ȷʵͦõģⲻǻǿôִƵҾֻܸ辶ˣһ̺ܽأ
ʵִƶԼǽİӿʿ飬ǲκλġ
ⲻǺô
Ȼϴƽûʲô飬źֺη
ִƾֲʲô£һԼҴֺηҲ˭̲ǽأ
ңϴⲻûúѧһѧô
ŶıܻûҶأ̡ܽԼһ¡
ⲻ飬ƼˣҲûĹֺĽȡ
ƾֲ顣
һƾٵ˼Լͷ⻹ģûж顣
ô϶Ҳûٱ顣
ܰ侭鶼ֺ侲˵
ֺ֪˵ʱ䲻ĮǾԼ仰ʵ̫ˣֱӴеϣ
Ϊ֤ԼרҵԣֺʼҪұһ𣿡
Ҫʲô㱳ɱ㱳ˣֲ֪Դִ´ļۣЦ
Ҳ߯ˡ
⻹汻ִƸ¶ˣôãû
Σһʱ֮벻κɾܾ
ƫƫִƻǶ˵ܰеһҾͲúˡ
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Ȼ󣬼ͱֶһʦʦŶ𣬻׶ӡ
⣬ףڼﻹöӸϿΣҪǴȥ
⣺˼ҲǺֵãԼҲǺ
żִƵ棬ȻӦúúõġ
ǼִһߣûУӵһԼҶӵȣһԵģ
˵ǲߥ޵游⳶żֺ˵ң·֪
ֺ⳶˵Ǻġ
ϽÿһĻæǰĿ˵үҲԽԽȥˣⶼˣôô۸
Լ֣ڨڨ˵Ҹأ
㵹ģˡϺɵؿ˼һе㲻̫š
ƽᱳʹҪˡ
ԼôӣЦ
ʶزԼϱ֪Ҫ̱飬ֻʲô飬Ǹء
ֺȴֱӽҴ˼ǰ̰
ֺΪüǰˣǣ֪ļֺ֪סҲͼִƺˡ
ֺȻҪҲ˵ˣס
㰢Цһ־ãҲܴ˺ӵġ
οãһܽı̺أҽҲð
ϱֻЦ˵⵹ȷʵǸ⣬ã㲻ҲҪܵأʱ̵ʱ򣬰Ҳһһ
ǣ̣ⲻ׵ɡͲ޳ˡ
ѧôӽ̵ģȻһѧСӸԱϿεģ
ڰֺڡ
֪Ƕ͵ˣôѱѧˣҲʡ衣
ʲô׵ģɣ϶ǵġЦ˵ɻȴ˵㲻ɾܾζ
⻹˵ȴϵһۣӲŵû˵ֻɱĨӵֺϣֺܷ䡣
ֺԭҲ̼ʱǸСħԱǲãԭͲǸѧϰģԱ߻иţ⻹ѧȥʲô
תһ룬ԱߣٲѧϰôҲù˼⵱ɡ
ѧ˵ʱ򣬼ֺüǸٶʮ鷨ʱ򣬲ܼסһЩиӡҲð
ֺôţȻҲЦǵҲãҲѧһѧ
ϼҶûʲôˣЦ˵ڶԺ鷿㰢һʰʰ
Ǹģ˵ȥ鷿ǻ϶һϣõԺС鷿
ԶԺ鷿㱻˵Ҳ˴ɨɵһҪõĶޡ
Ȼ˻ʰ
ҲǿǵĶĻѧʶܲôһġ
ȻҲеͷϷȴҲòǺѣǲҪĿһƪ۳
ȻҲЩҪűĿɸȴֻĳ仰ڼճÿնѡ
ֺڱȽ˽Լ׵Ҳûһιһӣӣü⽫Щ򵥵ܶҲͲˡ
ܽնˣԺܲܰһĿ
⼸콫⼸û⣿ֺԼո侭ڼǰ鰸ʵ
ôҲױÿиı飬ֺϣоӶһ£Ӳظܵɳ֮ء
ôû⣬ãȫ⡣
Ҿò̫Уһ鷿ֻмֺͻ֪µļıǼӵˣЩҲǵģͿʼˡ
ԭҲͷżСֶգֻϣ鰸ҲǶţɼ
õСħǣѾ˼ֺոշǶĵطȻ̵һԺ󣬳żֺ¶һˮδЦݡ
Ȼ󣬿ʼʼ˺顣
лҪ˵⣺Ҿ͸ͬһˮƽǰɣ


107 
ҵڣɲ˺ֺæ¼СشӼùǱ飬ֽǶ鶼һλãȷϼѾˡ
ŷ
ֺ˵Ķͷ˵СħҲ֪Ķѧ⻵ϰߡ
ƫƫһĴ棬һץס˼ֺ֣
硭硭һ߽Ÿһ߳żֺǶУʾֺҪ˺ء
ɲٸˡԼҵ̫ܵڿɰֺôҲ
ƫƫԼǸ׵׵һһͰ㣬˺
֪ûĻ־Ҫȥ
ʱ򣬼ֺͻȻ֮ǰÿһը壬̯ôѧ˭ϣ˭Ƣã
ֺ˼ͼżŭغ
ⱻֺôһŵòڵϡ
ǵһôӺ𣬵ȷӦⲻҲЩڨڨģȴǿ򶨵˵
ʲôǶˣǼֲ飬˺˺¡
˺𣿡ֺƤЦⲻЦֺǲǾãЩ˺ˣͲöˣ
֪ΪʲôͻȻԼҶϿ˼ִƵӰӣȷʵô㣬˵
ġе顭ڨڨ
û뷨ͺáֺЦЦؿ˼һۣȻ˵ְµĹǶȥɣС쵰̫ϲ˺ˣɲ֡
ԭǽǵæǰȥ
ҲƢĺãҲ޲֡
ֺѾǰǶ飬ŵǰʼЩЩǰѾ˵ģ
ַ˷Щ飬󲻹ӡ֮ģЩͽ̹ˡ
ֺɵؿ⡣
ʵǲѾ侭鶼ͨ˵˰
ɲǣֱ׳㶼˵
ñ֮۳ǧ[1]ʲôֺҲԸֻӾַһʵ
ñ֮ñ֮ǰͷľظ˼飬ûмʲôٵȵȣ롣
𣿡ֺ̾˿
Ƕû˰죬ҲûֻܷˣڨЦ
ܽжôҪǰԼ׵ѧֺѾҪְˡ
Щʦ̹ңɲͽҶôˣ
ֺ̾˿ԶһѣҪԼ磬Ҳ粻
ֺֻ̾˿˵ǰûģ
¼ʲôӣֺ룬ֲһ˼ǣܱġ
ܱģ
£ǾûСʹسϵ
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ֺоպÿ춼ʱᱻȼʦҲھͱԼ׵Ҫð
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ֺֻ̾˿ǿû취ˣʱأǾֻñ취ˡ
ʲô취ʵ
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ÿձһڿ֮ǰӦÿ԰Щٸϰһ顣
ʲôԼոǲǻˣٶʮ飿Ҫҵֱ˵Ҳˡ
ɴǲ뱳ˣ԰һƣ˵ˣˡ
ȰֺҲ֪мＸܹٵģҪԼŬŬȥ٣
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ֺʵüûӣֻüִвǲԸⱳҾֻ游ȥˡ
ֺһҪȥҼִƸ״ģ
Сӵȵȣ˭˵ҲԸⱳˣ˵ǰٶʮôҶУ
㳭Լֱߵ飬ʼ
˵Ҳʵںڣ֪Ͳô̽ʦıԵˣҲʡԼ
飬ҲСȻûͣЪȴûǵȥģǰ䶼ûС
żⱳһ磬ֺ㿪ʼ⡣
ֺԭţôҲǱһ磬˵ʮôҲܱ˰ɡ
Ǽֺһŷ֣Լ׵ֻܿĿİرϼ䣬м仹ѣΪѵıȥ
֮ǰ˵⣬Ϊ棬һ磬ֺǶżһһ䱳ġ
Ǳӡ
ֺѾʼɣǲԼ׵Ӳ̫ˡ
ⱳһνβֿʼҪǣٸʾ£һʲôš
ô㶫Լ׵˵ûֺֻͷһۣɵ׵ôأ
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ֻƨֺ֪û˵Աϵļµ
ȻڳݲɼֺϤȫģ˵ģǵµһ䡰֪֪ߣս[2]
汳𣿡ֺɵؿ⣬ܱô
ʲôᱳŵ˵ǻö
ֺ̾˿Ȼ˵Ĳɴž֪֪
ֺɵͷˣҲ˵һļûԱǼסˡ
ܹ٣ǲǹˡ̼٣ͷʼķ㡣
ֺͻȻôͷȻӲˡ
ѾҲǼ̬ȵˣԼҵӾͱȱ˲һ㣬ǲס⻹ʲô취
Ȼǲܷġ
ӼƶҲӵɵǡ
ֺֻûķôһԼ׵һ飬ϾҪüڱһǾ͸췽ҹ̷ˡ
ֺ˼룬ô뵽һ⡣
Լ֮ǰ⣬ô⻮һΧʡüı˵ĥ˼ⲻ˵ҲĥԼ
Ƿģ˵ҪռһףҪռӱڵȴѡ
Ͼ˵̣˵Ҳ㳤ӵǻڣѾʮȥˣ¼гȥҲ춼ȥ˵ġ
ҺãִƺôٹҪЩĿǰ˴ԾǺѣȥһ˵ѡ
ֺԭһС֣Ҳľٶԣκⷽ棬ֺһС֡
õĿ֮󣬼ֺϸжһԺ󣬱㷢òƶƫӱĿڴˡ
ҲǸ̫ʵ۵ƫӱ֮Ϊ벽ܴ¡йء
ƫӱűĿҲˡ
ȻҲЩĿǳǼ飬Ǽֺһ£ܽӱѧ͸ˣ漰ӱĿˣȴһ˵ġ
Ҳͬľ٣ľٻỻ٣ȷǼһỻ˭Ǳ飬˭ǽٵ١
ҲһλٵĿ
Ϊգֺ˼ִȥһٵٻ᲻ỻˣ
лҪ˵[1][2]ǳԡӱ


108 
ۿ⼸գû˶ҲټضԼˡ
ֻԼŵɰѺȰˡ
ҲǣҲ󣬼پۣԼĲҪֲѧõģֲܼиظԼ
ﻹ΢Щ顣
Ҫú˴̼ô죿ʱһ겻ɲԼô
תһ룬ôҪܵһ۵ģܳɳ
ܵĵһ׵ⲻҲô
ԶԶԣԼΪ˸̵һΣ⿴㡣
ѽģҲΪòôԼΪú֪һնѡ
Լȷʵȴ˺ʡԼ飬ֱһá
ôҰοţҲûǵ΢ĩ顣
ڴǰĹϣһŲԼˮһԺţ͸˽üԡ⡣
С
ӣ˭˵һء
ƽڼֱֺ֮Ӿͱˡ
ֺ⼸նڷٵ⣬Ȼûʱ䶢żⱳ顣
˵ֺ֮ǰҲ˵ˣüԼúõı飬ʱҪ顣
ڿԵĻһ䶼ûˣ˵ˣװû
ȼⷴӦʱ򣬿ľǼֺüͷһѶԼϵĲ
㱳Щ㱳𣿡
ⲻ֪ΪʲôܸоԴӿʼҪԼԼҶϵԽˡ
ǣҲ벻װ
һ粻Ѿȥôɻ
ȥˣֺ챻Цˣʿûϣô͹ȥˣȥ𣿡
ģԼıӣⲻǿ⼸Ҳûٴұ顭
Ҳ飬Ͳˣֺ챻Լ׵ˡ
ʲô£
ԼǱڿҿҵķ飬ĿڱϻΧС㷶ΧҲԼ׵ʱ򿼵úһ㡣
ȻϺСŲ裬㶼ûзϡ
ĪǣǴ˵еĻʵ۲̫༱
һ˲䣬ֺԼ÷Χ˵⼸ȫˡ
ңԭҲͲҪ١
ǣ΢ƽһԺ󣬼ֺסˣ鶼ѾˣҲ϶û˰;ϵɡ
ֺƽ͵óԼ÷Χ飬Ҳ㣬Щҹ½ڣܲѰɣ
ոſƾܣֺ˵ԭôһ㱳⼸ֻ˷ΧЩҪܱĲ˵һûʲôˡ
ԭһֱΪֺҪԼҲһʱѪ
ôҲû뵽Ϊֺ⼸գֺȥ˷Χ
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ȷʵǽԾʹ촰˵
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ôƫƫҪʿ
ǲǾãԼҲŪŪֺͻȻԼ˼뷨
һӲ˼΢ЩΣƤϰ㶼ûб¶
ֺҲûзҪʲôӦֻԹԵ˵
ǰûοǽ䡢顣ֺ˼֮ȰͺȰˣÿնˣѲɲô
磬һ㣬һѹˣҲʡպ󻹵ÿ䡣
Ϊһ㣬Աֺ⻰˵ˡ
ֺżЩɶһѻ룬һξ͹٣պ˭ٱ䣬ο˵ȥѽ
һԼ֮󣬼ִƶܸԼСˡ
ܳȥԼԭЩǴꡣ
ǵЩǣ˭ܹ٣һι
ɳܵĶˡ
ֻҪЩⷭһ¼ֺ÷Χ飬ʵ
ǰҷĿ֮󻮳ķΧֻϧѽ㲻Ըⱳ
⿴ֺǼ£˵Ǳԭһ뻹ࡣ
ֺոͼóʹʹ
ʵڷһºҲɣ

ʵٹ˶Լ⿼ϣ
ʷϵĻ˵ǣԼĶһ֪ܲԺó˵Ǿ治ˡ
ⲻǺ˼ô
Ǽ̵ֺεʱ򣬴ҵҲ¼⿼С
¼ûУ᲻˺
ٿǰһϣϻʼ⣬үпеİգûУˡ
мֺķΧ⼸ֱʦͻһ
ֻ˵̷İɣȥǱеġ
ҲصϮˣؾܸһھ
ʿͬĽʿһ緹ٵģȻҲܷӡ
ֻһƷھҲԼģǶԼϱ
ȴûǸھġ⵽ʱ򿼵̫Ǵ˺ġ
ֻЩɵ˵үģ
⻹ûģҿкһΧġ
ͻᱳ飬ֻҪ¾ˣԽԼҶʵģҲֿһֺ
룬Ҳŵء
ķôѪҪǵʱ⿼Уôܴ
ѾϣҲҪȥˣҲٶȰ
ԼȰˣüӽţӿˡ
ֻţǼ⿼ϣʱԼοôܴ˺ġ
ôҲû뵽Լȥ٣⻹ǵһôﾹȻƺƴ
ƽԼ˳۵̫̫ˣеУԼúÿϸЩ
ü⵹Щ֪ˡ
ѵҶôԼⳡ٣ǿϡ
ⲻ
ΪϮǰƶȣǰģһҲЩ֡
ȿıǲԺ侭ĬдûǽձҲÿˡ
ԣһҪľǾ²Ժ侭Ĭд
ǰһӣǵ˳ӿĿſڣٿԼЩǡ
ЩһνýԼȻ򲻹
һЩͦأһӡ
⻹ĪĿʼˡ
ֶǸ竰ѵܱȹЩѧ˶ˣ
⿪ʼԼЩˡ
ֻ⻳Ҳɲ˶೤ʱ䣬ûãͿ˴ţҲԽȥˡ
еĽţõԾһ̣ɢˡ
ΪԾϵľı⣬ƵģԼȻ̫ȴҲ«дȥ
˵Щ侭ĬдĿˣΪѾ֪ٱˣⶼϸ룬ܱдȥ
ոڿſڶţڵļж緢
ʲô٣ʲô²ԣãڵԼ˵Ǽ򵥵òˡ
ҪⶼڿЦ
ֻĻ¶Ҳϸŵ㣬ҪŻ᲻ʲô֮ġ
һԼƽȻ󶯱ʿʼ⡣
˵м侭ĬдĿʵ벻
Լ˵϶Ѿĸ߹ʱˡ
лҪ˵ʷϣǹôǹҴӵĳɹ


109 
ͷһ⿼Ժĸҫһ
˭ϵ˶û֮ǰȥ֮ǰǷݹľ
̣Ҿáո˵ͱϴˡ
үúϢɣҪء
˵ȥķˣ쵽ˣö巿ô·ʲôʱ䣬ߴߴᡣ
ر̬ȣüһʱ֮䶼е㻳ɣ췢һǲһΡ
ҲֻܰοԼúϢ׼ĿԣǶģܿء
ֺҲͦԼĽѧɹģǼֺԼˮƽʵ
ЩӣЩܻῼĵ㣬ˣ˸ظ˲֪ٱ飬ЩñҲż֪ⷴ˶ٱ顣
ֺã̷ֽ˵ǼֳˣҲܿˡ
˵ĵģԾӿ⣬ˡ
ǣֵɵĲ֪ĸڳ⡣
Ҳֲˡ
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ǼԴһ˸߹ʱ򣬲˵ųȥҫˡ
ƽյЩҲֻι۲ιۼ⣬Ǳ˸ˣһҹ֮䱻˵㻯ˡ
϶Ѿļˡ
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ҺãʰųĵڶգҪԣûʱȥҫȺҲٹݷá
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ʱͿٸִһʣһʱ֮Ⱥ鼤ΪƽϢۣٳԵĿĿ⣬Ͷ˿ðΧ۵Ŀ
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һñ̹أνءָŵ˨̹رָ˨һΣȻƽ
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ٲǾƽʱʮϢµģǶ̭Եһˡ
⵽ֵ׳꣬ټЩҲһֱ䣬֮ǰֵ²֪վ˶õ
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ڶǸףҲǱףȻߡ
ȻֶǺܳڣɺôȵعˡ
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Ȼˣ⾫ƣڱ˶ԵģȻҲƣǿԼЩѵʱ򣬼ͻȻһ㶼ˣûܱһȦ
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㻹˰ʻ֮ǰڹſվڵԭǽ粮ҵĳ¼ҵĹӣ档
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˭ϵٵĻʰ⻹˵һԡ
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ңǰղǳҪȥô粮ãԼҪԼҶһġ
ʰ˼գ汻粮߶˼գҪ֮ǰԺֵͷ涼콫⵱ɳˡ
ģ˵õһ竣ƫƫͻȻʼĹ¡
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˵üɫأûؼ˳εļִĵվ˼󣬾ؿδţ
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۾ҲӰⴵţ
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Щδģһ¼⣬ƫƫ⻹ǸϹһ㣬ղǵѡ
ô˵ЩǺ̵أִͻȻ
˼ִƾ͸èƵģػǼִͻȻתȥִƵһ̣ͲͻȻԼĿˮǺˡ
ϡүôˣͻȻãԼ̹غ͸׹ֽĺ֢ˣҲʼˡ
ôүյıԺģϢˣִƸû⣬ֱʵ
ûûʲôġȫû˸ոľʵʵش˵
ҲǱͱԣǱһ飬ֻаķݡ
ȻҪӵ΢һ㣬Ҳǿٰһġ
ԣǴһһȻǱԣҲվɶԼûʲôġ
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ִʱ򣬼ͲҴˣڳϣ̵ãʡõʱûУִڴð
ĺһЩĸԼ׵èƵġ
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竵˳˳ûԼ׵ǿ϶ҲǶһɫ֮ı¡
˼ִƻĺ壬Ƕʮ֡ͨ˵ջҪٿһأϽȥϢɡ
Ҳù˼ǡϽȥɱˣ
⻰һۼĴӼִƵϿ飬ʼɢˡ

ڶգıǱԡ
ԣ˼壬ǶԴ
䳡ʮ̨ǰͷĿǣȥ̨ϴʱĳ̣õӦķ
ǰͷĳɼϣóǰһΪʿΪˡ
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ڻʵۿԼֶһȻʵҲԼֶǿϡ
ϼôûһǳϢģԼҺֵܺˣʵҲۼִư
ǼԸϽˣǼһ㣬ʵҲԸüøʿ
ΪҪԭйļִҲʵ޶һһˡ
ԭżˮƽǵ˶õģû˰ŴѾⲻˡ
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ǣⲻмֺô
ֺϸоһٵĹԺ󣬽̼һӡ
ΪٱԵǣ̨ϴʱ䳤̣ǣʱ䳤̡
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ͿԶ̨ϡ
ǣһʼͺֿʼèץϷ
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ڱ̨ϣ˶Ѿ˼ˣ⻹Լ̨ϣء
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ʵԭΪ²ǵǹϣôҲعС
ôҲû뵽ȻǼСضֵʽԺһֱ̨ıԵܣԭúõһԣǱֳܲ
ʵԵǻҲ˶ೡˣ׵١
ϼ֣ϴڸʲôʵ۲ЩĿɿڴֻתͷʼִƵ
ִֺٵĹҲֺθģһĻһ㶼⡣
ֻǾЩ˰ˡ
Ҳȷʵͦ˵ģִսʮоʱûתӹû뵽ڱԵʱӵô졣
ִҲǸܱͨģҪӮҲǶԱͨˡ
ֻǻʵִƻЩΡ
ҺʵҲûˣִƶҲֻڻʵǰˣСʵһֺжϡ
ʵЩЦãȻ߹˼ˡ
ǴǿƵûһˡʵۻϻŵοֻ˵ôһǻҳ©
ʵʥ
ټϻʵۿͼֺԼҺһ㡣
˼ҵĺӻʵ۾ûͷԼҵĺӣǾֻԼҺʵǴ
ʵۺͼִ˵ûãҲѾ˾ƣʱˣۿŶ־ҪץԼˣʮʹ䣬ɴԼ̨
ʵʧЦǹԾ
Ǽ䡣
ôǰͷĳɼһģܳɼȴվɻãܵǰһٵġ
ԣԭľǵһ竣ô١
˵ˣⱾ˶š


110 
ĹأľƣǰУξУξֻ֮ΪУξ
νУξҲǴƷѣǰ׻иţΪƷ
Ϊ˭ܿոյıֿ˲٣Ⱥǰûнġ
صķʽҲ˲ˡ
ȴҷּ⾹ȻҲʿС
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һʱ֮䣬ЩȺ鼤ܡ
Щûе˸Ǿòƽ
ƾʲôнʿ
ǰĴ£ôô
ƽⲻƽ
ȿʼʱЩС˵ɵ˺ͷͱȺ鼤
ٲͬľ٣ǴӸؿʼһһϿġ
ֱӶþģ֮в˶ǧܵٵġ
˭ǲٻһнʿӵģƫƫԼһţ˭ޡ
ƫƫһ֪竣аˡ
ҪǲǼ⡭
ǲͻһô
ģҪǼ⣬ǸܾԼ
˭ãǼռԼ
漰Լ棬ҶԼСˣߣûͷĻʵүԼ
Щӵ£Ⱥˮ㡣
˵ڶʱ򹦿μǧ˳
ôĵһԣ
ͿոһҲͶȡɰɡ
ǵҲһһ˵
Ǹӣž˾֪һЩڲһ㡣
¾ǰСѯʵλֵ֪Щʲô𣿡
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¾͸͹һˮƵģֱӾըˣԽһЩ
һľأҪӡ
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»ǻʵߵĵһˣ˵ڴĦʵһ飬˵û˸˵һ֡
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ۼҪѪⳡſסˡ
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ʲô֣ǼҹдĶҪãҾ˵ɣ϶Ļġ
ǰ֡ȣ̫ԣȻ󣬵ǺǶԵģ
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ֺԭǴѧô֮Тٵĳ⵽׿Σȴû뵽ÿһĻ
û뵽ԼӵķȻֵֵز
Ҳ˲æ֮ТϽȺҵ⣬ôü顣
ֺ̨վŵĻʵۺͼִƣﰲһ룬мִڻʵԱߣôܰסʵۣٲûʵΪؾüǿƾס
Ȼ󣬼ֺԼҲæȥ˸̨ϡ
ôֺǰҲһ죬ټڼֵֺó裬ǰҲҵ飬æȥͨˡ
ˣʵЦһôֳ̯ˣ
СӼϣ游λˡ
㻹֪ʵۼԹ˵ӵķģⳡɵʰ
ʵ⻰ҲǸֺЦģϾֺż꣬ĳ棬Ǽֺܿסġ
ֺȴǾСɡ


111 
ʵµΪľԺ󣬾ѾƽϢ˲ˡ
ǿƾ飬һŲǾٲ
üֺôһé®Сͣǲ̫ˡ
ĹԱ¼ֺСһ˵Ҷ֪ճ
ִڻʵǶֺֻǻ飬ǼֺûãպһеʲôֺܻٱǼֺЩ顣
ǻʵ۶ԼֺǻŻʵۻһνյ飬ͼһӡ
Ǻǰ;Ҳûˡ
ִЩڣ֪ü⿼ˣһû´ǰ;Ķӵǰ;һһͻӵǰ;ʵǲô㡣
ֻǼִһʱ֮Ҳ벻ףԭĺôͷǵʱվ
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ȻˣѾȶ˴룬ҲǻʵۿϷüֺһشԭ
ɡִƻЩĺ
Լ룬ҪҪˡʵ۳żֺ֣Ȩ˼ֺ
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Уȥɣʵֺ̧Դ˵˵޸㶵ء
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ոЩͷѾԾˣԵһѾûʲôˡ
ΨһһǣǷϹء
ովüƾ׵ЩˣڻʵñѵһԾһ̣ƽϢ˴ˡ
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112 
ֺ仰ѵЩµ˶µƿԡ
˵ǻʵˣոЩżֺˣԼֺĿ࿴ˡ
ֺּûʵ۳谮Żʵ۵棬ٲõÿϼֺ䡣
ֺҲܸ˺ѵӣټڸ̨ҵȣûȵ֮ТѼ
׵ֺвĵģֻæʵ۸һͼҴҵҼ⡣
ûҵ⣬ֺﻹеż
ϾԼ׵ŵǳģȺ˵ԼǼ飬ǣֺܾԼ׵ܸɳ
ոЩߣȺ鼤ߵˣֺܾüҪꡣ
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ΪٵıԳҲȽϴֶֺ࣬ոոĳʱҲûˡ
ֻһҼ⡣
ֺôҲû뵽Լżæŵ˼죬ֵǺ٩ء
ֺһĻǣͳ˹һ٩ɽ
֮Т˿վԱߡ
ֺɫʱЩÿˣԼļ⣬سˡȻ˵˴ţء
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֮ТҲడүȰô죿
ֺҲ֮Тֻڰ֣ʾԼ⡣
ֺֻҼˡ
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ɣȫһ
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һʱ֮䣬ԭΧżЩǣתأѼֺΧסˡ
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˵ٵһΪص㣿Կżɽ
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ֺһԼŵĵй¶ȥģĵص˼һۡ
Ŭһʱവ˶䣬ܹô
Ǽֺػ˵ֻҪҲܰǹ٣ԺǾҵ׶ӡ
ֺллҵҲҪô׵
Ҳ˵ǣֻҲǺ׵ǡ
ֻǼ⻰û˵꣬ͱֵֺһֻۣίίؽȥ
ܱ۰Ͱ͵ؿԼġ׵ǡֺ̾˿Ȼҵص㣬ϸոҲ˵ҪٵĹأЩһƾòˡ
ȥҲûáֺһ̲
²¡æڰ˵Ҳİˡܸһص㣬ѾǸмˡ
ֺγ֪ԭǿģ٣ĿҲʹˡ
ֶж˵Ҳǽ
Ҳûʲô˵ģǱ߶ˡ
ֺֻεҹսصһȥ
ΪҪգʵ
ԭصֻһݣôˣԵ˳ֺҪοԵЩĿҲһϽȥ
οĿص㶼һŽȥ۾һæ˵ǾͶлˡ
ԭܿٿǺصͳ飬ֻڼЩ֮
ɲ֪˭˳ȥ
ٽţԾԽԽò˼ˡ
˵ǲ˵ıǼֺڵص㣬ʵЩҲǼ̵ֺġ
ԳϼΪܲӹֵĹⶼǼֺ˹Ŵ书ؼԺҳú̵ļ⡣
֮࣬ԴŴţͱ˼ֺʵһָ֡
ԣһЦٹҲǶֻû˻š
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ЩӵܵģŷҽǵҪԼҵĺٹҪݼֺΪʦ
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ֺǶǲʤš
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˰Ǹˣôͽô̡
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ֺҪȥܱܷͷֻҪһٿʼ˵İԣҲͲپˡ
ȥܱܷͷʷֺԺֱӷˣУҲͬ⡣Ŷʱȥġ
Ҳ˵øȥܷͷȥأ
˵£ʷҲǣ˼ڻʲô˵
ֺѾù滮˵ġ
ĸȥһˣһլ˺ͶڣȥҲίͣҲȥһһˡ
һֺ˵ȥ꣬ʷŵķ˴롣
ǼּҵԴ֮أв٣ټլŵ˾в٣ο¬Ҳڽֺ꣬ʲô飬ϡ
һơֻʷϼǵüǿ켰֮ȥƾٵģԺͣ᲻̫һЩ
ǱķʢУԸͣȥԵҲˡ϶ԿƾҲ˽һЩԵֺһ
ǰĸȥУʶҲáֺЦ˵һ
ޣ˵Լеģʷæ˵޵
ȼֺһԺʷ˵Ҳ֪һΣ
ϸ½ǱߵԺҲӦÿˣƫƫ¼ļŻûʷϲЩż
ʷ˵Ҫȥ굹Ҳ£ֻܵдȥýȸʰӡ


113 
ڵ״̬Ǵ㼲ǰŸոյ¬еϢžòűϲ˵š
Ŷٹ˵ʵģ˶ܡ
ͨ˼˵ѾĹˣѾ⸳˰Լعٲˡ
ţԼ˵ҲԼĿƾֽһˡ
¬УŮǶǼĵճŮǵճӣⱾǷͽǼ˹ʱ
ͣͣլźÿµǮ˸߲ҵ˵
ϲ£үҲдŻȥҲү̫̫Ŀġ¬ڱЦѵ
ԶԶԣһдŸ硣üɫ
үүʲô˽Ҫү˵¬Ҳ֪ԼɷʹӹϵôãǳôЩӣҲûдһţôڻǵøдˣ
ҪúÇNɪNɪЦ
¬ĺӣҲо¬ϸ׽˼֣ҲԸ¬˵һ˵Լﻰ
ǸҫҲҪкˣ˹ȥһ
ҹϴٿ϶ûôһԱȣϴ󲻵ñ
뵽յԼŵʱܻģͲҪЦ
¬ЩΣʲôÇNɪġ
Ҳòͼֵ֮飬ҪӰɩ֮ĸͺˡ
ҪдǷţüأС˴Ҵҵܽȥ˵ү̣ˡ
ţ¬Щɻ󣬲Űǰոţôһ⣬ҿ
Сæŵݸ¬ϡ
ôȥģ֪ʲô顣¬һ߽ӹѾĲֽһЦ˵
Уôܶأæֹɡ
¬ϼԼҲЦŰŵݸǾͶүɡ
һ߲ţһЦ˵ﵹǸĬǸոдأžˡ
Ҹʲô顣ԺЦ˵
Ȼ󣬵ĿԺͻȻͿĲˡ
ֻոջЦҲûסϵıЦЦƿ޷ǿޣѿý
үôˣ¬Ͽżı飬һǾǳʲô顣
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ӣ¬ԽˣվҪȥüֵµЩֽ
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ˣǴԺҲʿˣ⵹ǡ¬˵һ룬ոջNɪģ뻹û˵ȥ
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˵ţΣˡ
Ҫûоˣʱ˾ǣ֪ҪγЦԼء
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¬ҲôֻЦ˵ȻҪȥʰһԺӳ

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ʷҪæһ㣬һҪ˸ֺʰ⼸䡣
ҪǼŵģıõСС;͵ñܳȥ
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ǸһֱŲҲˡִֺγüֺһȥأֻ̾˿
Щ˼ҰˣǼֲǡʷϼ
ȷʵٹȨƣǻʼң˼Ҳûüּҵͷġ
˵ȲǼңɵҲȫˡֺ˵οȥ˾ǼҲƵġ
ƾٵǹ֮£ǵײΨһĽ顣
˳ɻֺҲұ֤ݱȥ᲻ĳЩ˿ζ
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˵ǣִƵ͵ʱ򣬶Ѿҵսˣȥ꣬ʲôýŵġ
ʷϼ״Ҳ˵ֻĬĬٸֺʰ
ԭʷϺϵ˼ǣֺȥ꣬ôҲðѾҲϡ
˵ҩͺʻīȴǵôȥģôϺüֺ
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һæżֺһֵң¼ֺСϲüֺҲЩ˯á
Ժ֮䣬ַ·һ֮ĳ档
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ԧ죿ǲ̫̫ߵĴѾôϾЩΣǰȥƫƫַ·סһ㡣
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ү

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żĻԽˡ
ٹļңжǮȻغܡ
׶磬ܰٹϵӶʹȥˣ
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үʲô鲻ֱ˵α֧֧ᡣԧ쿴˼һ˵
ҪЩǮһʱ֮Ҳ֧裬㵣ǣ̫̫˽òŵĴʲŪһˣȥ˿գׯϵǮˣȥǡ
Żһ˵̫̫˽̫̫ļױ
͵ĶõģҲʲô
Ҳһʮ꣬Ѳٹһʮ͵ֵز
ţһת˼ڸһŮ˵
̣ô֧ʹİǣ̫С̫˵Ǯ֣ҪǼҽӡ
ү˵õǺɣĶү⼸Ůŭ
ǰŵ˼ǧ
ǵ˼ǧɶүҲ룬Ҫ̹ǵ·кü׵ĺϲ¶ﻹʣ
˵ţŮӺɵؿүǻ̰ī˹еӰɣ
үҲ룬ʲô˼ңǼҵطɨһɨӾ͹Ǽҿһģֺο


114 
˼ֻҲ֪ڹУǻÿ̫ഫϢҲܵæ˸Ҿ˵
Ƕ̳Ĭ˰죬˵ǽȦȥѺ˵
Աȴǵ
ټһۡӺպյôһˣѲİò
мּҺôҲһۡﵽе̫඼ĵزˣ
ǻʵߵĴ̫࣬ͬʵһ̣ͬ»ڼִǰҪִƼӣ˵ˣ
Ѳɣһʮּ꣬ҾͰˣ
ǿе˭ѲԼҽ㣿
̫μϽ̫֮ʱѶþѲɵ˻ʺ󣬻ܱ̫ǸϽסˣ
ҪͨϢ˵׽˳ҲͰˣٲãټŮǡ
αػÿһ̫ɫ
Խ֡
У¹ûǮǲ裬ǵöϱļױյģ
̣ʱˡ
أȴ춹۾ŷͷ
ʲôʱˣϿ۴ʵ
δʱˣ̸ո˵ˣСһԺˣ춹һһЦŻش
˯Ϳˣ̫ѨЦ˵ˣأ
ˣ˵ǰö̶һ㣬Ѷȥˡ춹ոձֺʱԹı飬Ц
ˡ
ԭոֻһΣ̾һ
ǳΣҲʵЩΣС
֮ǰڼǰҲ̹ڸΪơ
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еļѧĻҲˣɼĳϢ֧Щˡ
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ҪҲǣٹӺպգʻŽŰҲƭȥˡ
ϾٹǾԲȱӵġ
˵ִƺʷϣ϶йְھģÿ곯öٺ»ЩǮѾٹճˡ
ټϣٹкЩׯӣ˵˵ƽݵǼׯӣЩϢҲճĽͻɥȢˡ
ǸεͻȻ뵽ȻȱӣЩȴܰϵӶһɶ
мִʷڡ
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ٺ»Ҳû㣬ׯӺȴǿһЩ
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Ц꣬˵ȥ˽꣬кõׯӣЩ
Ҳϸ˼ġ
ȻýЩɵףкõׯͱȨǹϷֵĲˡ
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硭żֺҪߣ޵˺ѷΡ
ƽҲûôҪһ߰աⶺ
ףҲڶֻˣʼҪֺһˣһشԼĸߣ硭ߡ
æĸӹֵ˼һ۵үҲǵģʲôںˣˡ
˵꣬Ҳ⣬ֻżֺͬ˵·ǧģʲô飬ֻܽС˼Ҷȥɣ˶дš
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ǲͷϵˡ
ֺС˷ܵغһæӭȥżֺǧˣүͶԴӵԺ󣬱ҹŸء
ͷͶˣֺ˵ͷֶС˵ϵе࣬ǣȻظȥɡ
ֺǵʵеǽַ֮أҲÿնܿôһȺ˴ӵŵģֶ࿴ۡ
ȻָΧ˰䡣
ļҰô̡
ǰļҶǼּҵˡ
ּң
԰ѲּҶ֪Ĵļּҡ
ǼҲȨƵضᵽȥô
Ͳ֪˰ɣڼּҵֵ˵ٹĶүʲôƾˡ
ԶԶԣǰջ˵λүء
˼ҲҪŰ
ǿɲүҵĺҲÿƾء


115 
ʱԺԽŰ񲻹һ£һûþͻῪ
Ϊݸ֮أϽĿμԡ
Щ翪ʼӦĿԺ֮ûٷԭĿ
ټϣϱķʢС
ͷˣȻҲһЩѧӡ
˵֮ĻҲŴ̽䡣
ҼǼּҵģǼҲе֧ѧģѧǵĲ۱Ҫʵ£ڳϵЩԱǣҲҪ˸˽Щ
˵ٹĶүţϼ仰
佫ĳμ佫ӵȥƾٵģĳҳһ
ɲǣиʲôҪи֧үǰ˽ʿء
˵λһǼ˽ּҵģ˵־˽ʿɡ
ȴһ
ҲǽҪμԵѧӣǰһš
ҲԳĲɳڣ˭ϽԵʱ򣬾޲ž̫֮࣬ʫ飬ɵ׻һţøɽ³
һֻûʲôˣҲԪ֮λûϵðٹү
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˵ֺ꣬һҴ˷꣬Ҳ³һ⣬һܣҲƽϢһ¾Ƕķ粨
Ǻ¬һҪҿ벻ôõ
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ķˣȻⲻƾԼʵеʿôֻҪܿоˣȥܳЦġ
¬ϲһڣүҲ֪ôģԽһһէˡ
¬ϻδ䣬´ȵ
ԣ˵ٵ֮ܿǰԾ⣬ǲҲ


116 
ò˵ʻʵȥˡ
ȷʵԣֺһԺ˵ûƵס
νƾ٣Ҳǰǧ徭ټϿƾ峯ʼôȻ;ҲʽɵҲ䲻ڡ
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ľֲǰҳص
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ٵˣÿһٵ뷨ЩͬЩƫءЩϲӡ
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ҪǵЩأȥԾص㣬Щˡ
񲻹¾ҪԣûͷӬƵظϰ翴һ֮ǰԾôģĿһ
Ҳܱȼ⼸һ鱳һҪõöࡣ
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ѧǺԺĺǣǸЩ£֮ܶ϶Ǹˡ
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⣬ֵܵүˡ¬ڱϲ廰
¬ںԺѧϢ϶Ҳ֪ġ
Ҫμԣ¬ڿ߼¬ϵϣҲϸϸ˽ѧ
¬ﲻǰѧˣҲǾƿģȻ֪еĹϣλѧƽʫʸ踳¬Ҳһ͵˽
Ҳͷ˵λѧ˵ƷҵҲˣǸʵˡ
ʫУвũ֮ԡ
Ƕ岻һ֮ǰЩȽʵ⣬ѰԵʱ䣬ԡֺ
Щ⣬ֺûˡ
ǰЩûУɱЩڸѧ϶дŵġ
ּҺôҲǡĴ塱ѧԾȻǼ򵥵úܡ
ֺ⻰۾һԼ·ҵ˷ˡ
⣬ֺѹǶ˵
ֺ֪Եӳ̶ȣǾõǰԤ롣
Ҳ֪ͯءЩҲƽײ²ѡֺ˵Ҳܰϣͷ
Ȼæ˵
Ҳ֪ڼг˴ǲ١
ԣֺ˵ҲȷʵЩ׺ҲûоԣȻǲеľͷ
Ǹ˵ƽģϼԣȴҲδɡ
뵽ַ¶޲¼ֺȥѧ֮ǰԾһ飬Ȼʼģء
ףҲѧǵġټϼֶֺǧȻʱѼֺ
ֺֻܸл䡣
ҼǵҲ쿪ʼˣȻ˽꣬ҪҪſͯʵ
ţ˵ֺܱܷͷģɼֺѧǲ
Ǽּ˵漮ڽ꣬Ҫƾ٣ߵԭԡ
ǵ´ֵǧ·һ
ھ³ԡ
ȻСһЩǽķʢУԼԵʱ߰ͯӾͯġ
ȷʵ㣬ֺװһ˼ӣҲȥ³ԣԼĲ
ֺ˵ţ뿴ԼĲȴţԼôģôҲԪڣԲˡ
ҵǾã϶ⷬҲͯ¬ȴЦʱֶһ˾ˣһͯǼҵҲ˫ϲˡ
ǾͽˡֺЦ˵

¬УȻû¬ھйõĴ򣬵ôǼ¬ϵĵһӣ˶ӵúܡ
ֲּȱӣ˱õݴÿŸ¬ƽ
һգǱõĴ¬ƽӡ
֮ǰһֱ˵¬̥Ϣܺãǿƽ¬Ҳͼġ
õĴҲɵĺܣһˣӶÿ
ң¬ִ󷽵ĺܣÿδˣǮ
Ȼϲˡ
̰ϷѰԼ׵ĺӵ
ͷһˡ¬ԽԼַЦ˵
ԭϻŵЦһ¬ϵԺȴ΢ˡ
¬ϺߵѾ߶ˣ춼ûС
ΣȴԺ¬Ͻŵʵ
һ̥Ƕĵճ˵ͼˣԶھǵʷҲĵúܡ
֮ǰһֱ˵ܺãǵҲһֱô˵ġ
ɴǸ飬¬ϾãЩĻš
¬ǵһ̥Ҳû£¿ɲЩô
¬ԽûˣЩãòÿЩ̥ҩ
̵ܺãҲóԱ̥ҩԼĺ˵
¬ϸոշһ˵ǡ
ʲôֻ˵һ룬¬Խżˡ
ֻ̥˫̥²صزһСĿѧղ̻
ʱЩ˼һ˫̥飬¬ҲΪһֱ֧֧ᡣ
Ͼ飬ڣ϶Ҳ¬ϵᷳ
¬˵ֻ˫̥ǳһ
ҵʲôأ˫̥û¾ͺá
˵Щ˼Ҿ˫̥꣬ȴûĹ
˵˫̥ˣ̥ĺӣ̥ʮģλòá
¬ϻ벻ӣĵҲһ
˼Щ˽֪¬ϸƽϡ
˼˵˫̥̥಻һЩ¬ʵ
ȴҲ˵˫̥ܻڵʮƽȣֻܷıǡæ˵
Ǿͺá¬Ϸʹȥɡ
¬ȻԼ˫̥ŵĻȴҲ¼⣬Ҳ̽
ȵҹ䣬¬ϱװһǳģ
ȻЩԿƿɵҲǰ¬ϷϵģҲ֪¬ƽӡ
¬⸱ģ￩һ£ô˵̵󲻺ã
΢ЩˣЩڣԼЩû¬Ϻĺӡ
ǻãֻǡֻǴ˵Һ񻳵˫̥¬סԼüԼı顣
Σ˿ûйʲô˫̥һ˼¬Σ
һʱ֮ûнӹĲ磬ӦԺæ˵ӹǵûʲôֻǡ˫̥Ͼ顣
ʲô飬ǵĺӡæ˵οֱӵӣֻлϲķݡ
ֻ˵˫̥ĸӰĴЩҪˡ¬˸Ҿ


117 
Դͷ˵л֮һֱҲԼԪľС
⼸ǱĿԲμʫʱҲܶռͷ
δβǵһǵڶҲġ
ƽҲһЩƵĸо
ʫᣬȴǫúܡ
˿˵ýԪǰ϶ǫϼ䡣
СӲѧǳ˲ű˵ǽԪˣǰʮСӶһܵá
ͻȻɣͬеǶЩ졣
ٰѯ֮¶ʱЩ
˵ЩȨ֮ӣ׵ԴҪǺãο˵λмѧԨԴҲָԪء
ˣⶼЩĬȻ
˵λþôȻ֪ԼֶһǿĶ֣˭˲
һ˵ԺȴЦ˵ҵ̨˵˭ԭ
̨ʶ
һֱھǣҲǿƿʱ򣬲ŻصԽЩѧӶʶ̸˽ˡ
ҶһҪ˵ģȻмǿ֣̽һ£Ҳ׼
Ͼ֪֪ˣܰս
˵˽æʵ
ʶ̸ϣҲ˵λүǸո̨˵ǲΪǡ
ѧҲôãҲǹŰβϵģӿʫ˶ѧӢ۵ģЩҲһֱǱԵƵ
һȺΧмԵá
⻰ô˵λ´󺧡
ҵӵܣҼѾֳ˽ʿˣΪǣ
λ̨Ҳ֪СܼǼּҲЩݹϵи޵˼ּȥȻˣ޵Ҳ֧ҲһֱǼΪ顣
Ȼ̨֪ǸϽ˵صɡ
¾˼͵ص㣬æߴٵ
ҲֻЦ˵СⲻҪصô
˵λүǰһأֻϧǻŶûУֻûػؾȥˡ
һˣλүţȴҲǰС
ԣλֻ̨ܷĺˣλүԲʲôǿ֡
һŶǿزеģһǰУҲˡ
Ҳǰ׵һѧԨԴͷЦ˵
ȾüǾеλȴûȫȻЩҲ˵
λִһ˵һֱŶ飬ʫҲš
ԽüǾУ־ЩԼȥμʫᣬȴҲֻǸģδ١
Ҳƾе֮ǰǰ㣬ֻڼ顣
ȵԷŰ֮ʱǵƮӣȻǰ䲻ǽԪȴҲԪ
ȥʱŷ֣ЩüΪǵˣûеġ
Ǽһֱ˵ǲΪǣȴҲ˾ˣһǰʮ֮С
о٣Ī˵ǽٹˣʮˣҲɡ
׷ǰݷã˵ҪˮϯҲ֪һ¼ּҵҫ
˾ˣԾѾܱȹˣҲǺɡ
ǴԼҲʼЩƮƮȻˣҲЩϯ
ֺȴֻиˣͰˮϯǲ˾ˡ
οҪϯֵ¬ĸٳ֡
¬˫̥ٳ֡
ŰѼƮϿյľͰס

ԴӼǸŴһ·Ӿǵ꣬ұҲ׺ࡣ
ټϣֶǴӾģƽɺϰҲƣ¬ϱҲʶ˲١
¬ϺʹҲҲ֮ͨˡ
ھѾһˣοǧ֮Ľꡣ
ǽйٻŮߵһ
Щǣ˭ͽϴ
ϾǵĶŮܵõۣԼҵǰúϲ١
ԣǸʱݷ÷еȻﲻ
ټϽ껹иңԭ͸ϵĵͷƵġ
Ǽֳ˸иһ˼λҲôӻұɻʵҡ
ֻǣͷͿʼӴµĴӺֶѾ˵̫ӣλֳڡ
ȻӮҲ
ΪӵңȻҪΪӴһ˸еԴԴϵǮ⡣
Ҳڽ£˲ٽϵҺ͹Ա
ֻǣģҲһ֪ˡ
ּܶĹԱ϶ǻʵ۵ĸұ˵£ýܶǼطԱĽ鶼Ǻõġ
ԣЩǼҲ£˲ٹԱɶӵĶȴҲû
أ׽˸
ͬˣڻʵǰ˵ҲзӵĽ㣬Ҳ£
̫̫ӵĸӵĽ㣬Ҳǿݡ
ұǴӵݹϵʹոʱ򣬾Ϳʼдˡ
ԭȵʱ򣬵Ҳֱ֣棬ҵҲûлؾ
һֱݹϵ磬Ͷš
ȻǲʤţԾͿʼŲƽҲ͸¬ϵ
ȵʱ˵ּ࣬Ѿģûʲô׽ˡ
һңֻдʹųˡ
˹ϦˣҲԵ̫Щ
ټ¬ѾнŸ£˫̥֪ʲôʱҪˡ
ڽ꣬ҲûʲôŵùŮԳ¬ϹϵãȻҪſЩ
ұ˲Һϳһһͬ꣬ҲЩ
ԭΪҹ˯ãһֱڣҲ̫áټӹҲ̫
Ϊϴμֺ˵˯ǰţ˯ߣҲȱţӣԡ
˵ûеҩĵزȴҲЩЧ
ҹ˯ҲҪûţʱϲ١
ټţ鱾ĹЧպţ飬ۿɼɫҲ˲١
䲻֪ΪȷʵˣΪֺ˵ǸǸЧ
ڴֺԽ˼֣඼ѾҪŮˡ
νĸ￴ŮȻԽԽ⡣
ϯϼֺֹжȣҪϼ䣬Խǫǫˡ
ֺЩ˼ֻ˵Լеѧ
¬УҲܺȾƣֻڱǼ˼Եģ΢˼飬ڱϿŴġ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱЦ˵¬顣
¬ͻȻԼĶЩʹ
Ϊ¬Ѿˣ⼸յҲиʹʱ¬ϻûʲô
ټϽǳϦѽڣ¬ҲԸ⣬˴ҵ¡
ɵԼˮˣҲ˲ˣæ˵ҺҪˡ


118 
ʶĳ棬ʱͼˣһվߵľƱһֱӾʹˣˮӣ˼·ϣȻ
ô죿Ҹô죿
ϱȥǸĲ׼˵𣿡
С޴ӣҲ˲æָ
ŻȻæ¬ϣ¬͵ȥ
ҲǼ֮ǰֵôõ䣬Ȼһܱö¬ء
ۿż¬ͽ˲ȥǶ޴ţ¬ߵǼѾ߶ŽżƵãͷתز֪ʲô
̾˿¬ԵöãΨڹܼһòô
ԭҲʲô£Ͼ¬ϱǴϱҲƼңڹܼһ΢ǷȱһЩҲ¡
ǳڽԵЩ׽ˡ
ţ̲ѾҺ˵𣿻ϽȥԸ
ƽĴأҲţԱһ
ˮ𣿡
ȥһ뼦̻ʲôûԣôԵ㶫
ϴǸҰɽأƬš
ɵķԸȥ
ԺҲĹƵģҲٻˣֻԼøɵĻ
¬ϱԺ󣬾ͱŸ˳͸ûͷӬƵģһֱſڴת
¬ڲֽең¬û£¬Ϲϵãٲõýȥ¬ϡ
ԺҲΣֻܸżһûͷĲӬ
ǰѼֺͳˡ
ԭţֺͳ岻ͷ
ϾͷæЩʱüֺͳĺӿѪˮ¬ϵʹҲӡ
ҸոյʱϯҲǸոտʼҲûϼڡ
ֺͳ嶼ڳĽ׶ΣҲǲܶţͷǻڳһЩ׻ܵһ档
ֺȻҲЩ¬ϣҲ֪ұȻҲԼȥͷţټгأֺȻǲ³塣
֪ǲΪʲô˾ֺһֱóƵģžеټϼֺҲ˵岻̫á
ǿˣֺȻҪкų塣
ãǽȥҲֻܹңţֺһֱתͷԺȰһҲһûԶˣôһ㡣
ʹԺ򣬳˵ĶŮֺ³岻ãһûԶʱôǾͲˡ
ͶұֺҲʱչ˺ó塣
ͷһ飬ټЩ¬УҲ¬ϣȻҲǰ¬ϵԼҳġ
ո¬ϵʹЩ£е㵣¬ϡ
ֺȰԼԶǿЦּҸԱɣʵЩԲ¡
úôһӡֺҲĵسԲ£ֻǿЦЦȻָųǰĲ˵Ҷ˵Ϊĥء
״ҲƴǣǿһںҶ
ԭΪֺȰţǿ˳ҶǺһԺȴ۾һȷʵˬȻһɺҶζ
Ҫʣ¶һҶķӡ
ΪкҶĴף嵹Ҳʼԭȵһ¶ˡ
岻˼ڣԺ˻ŻŵĺˣѲˡ
ֺͳѲʣ˶Լͬøվˡ
Ѳһʵ̫ˣԶĲ˵˵ǾΪѲȥġ
Ҷ֪жŮ죬һϡ
ƫƫиѲˣֶΣЩõţܽΪЩֹѪ⣬ֻܿˡ
Ҳ˲ʲôǲǵģֻ첽Ժȥ
ֺͳոߵԺſڣһСѾ߼ҴҶһѪˮҡҡλεҪ
ֺϱһĳһֱɶƤӣҲûʲôɱɱġ
ⱲȻѧһЩգȴҲΪСû浶ǹĴܡ
زǼֺһμѪ
һѪˮ
ΪСѾߵļ˵ĲȣѪˮСѾߵ߶γ
ԺΪ¬ǺҹҲ˲ڴ򣬰Ժյʮ
ѪˮӦ£λεġ
ֺˣͷһæתͷ塣
ҺóߵЩ˼ֺûп
ֺ˶Щսľο壿ټϳӹһֱôãֺҲ³ˡ
ֺæҲ˲ʲôŮæס۾
ָôһʱ֮ûзӦͱֺס۾ҲֻǴ˵ɻغһֺ
û¡ֺǸѾ߳ȥŷԼ֡
ΪԺæңոų˵¬Ѳ¾ͱŵò˹ȥֻվŲſָӡ
ҲżУ˳ء
ֺͳøǶˮˮѾײϵʱ򣬴ͷһԼŮš
֮ǰߴ˺ʱ򣬴ˮ˸ʬ壬һ񱻳忴ˡ
ŵø˺üգ˺öҩŰ
سֱˣ֪ҪΣ
ֺѳ۾סʱ򣬴һ
ȻЩ̫׵ɡ
һֱüֺŮĺѡټϼֺȷʵΪ˰ԼŮȻ˵ʲô
ַֺ֮󣬲ž˵¼ȨԼոյΪȷʵЩ׵
̧ͷ㿴ЦЦĿǡ
ֺϴĿԺ󣬴üһ˵
ҵСڣôˣ
ĸף¬ôԭЩĻţԺ󣬸û˵ʲôֻ˵˴ĻŴʵ
ֺҲ¬ϣæ
밲弸䣬¬һʹҲ˲óˡ
ֻҴҽ찢ˣҪҲ˯ɣпסĿԺ
ĺһ仰ǿֺġ
ֺæ˵ͷȻеġ
ͽˣҴ˵ﵽæңҲûչǣǻȥȥɡ
ǡҶΣֺĵʵո˵Ѳˣ
ģ⼸һǻ֮ģҸոճʱ̥λѾˡæ˵
ֺͳŷˡ
ֺ尲ڿԺ˶׼ǹ¬ϣ˭û⡣
ԾԺŲǶϢ
ֻǲæңֺͳҲҹȥţֻȥɷźϢ
ȵ쵽ҹʱ򣬲ǲŴϢ˵¬ϸոһӣֺŷ˴ֻǴҶ֪¬ϻ˫̥
ĵ׻ûȫ
ʱԺ󣬲ŴϢ˵Ƕһ


119 
ԭ¬ϺͼȻɻ˫̥±˵лӰ˺֮ĵǡ
¬Ȼ˫̥µȴһһŮ
̥ˡ
˫̥̥꣬ȴǼס
еĴʯͷأһϦ֮ͶŮ˫ȫˣȻǻϲúܡ
˫ֲ̥¶ģŮ˵念ֻҪűû£ȥȴҪѰ¶ĺСϲ١
ټ¬ӵʱѲ˵оգҲӣȻҪúñ
ҲǸͨ񣬼ֺǿֻСڽҲûܲٳֵĳˡ
˵ǹϵã¬ʱѾͷһˣܲʲô鶼ôһٳ֡
ΪŸӲ¬ҲΪȱ֣¬Ϻͼӵϴ綼죬Լ׽˳ԶٷҲͰˡ
һשҵһƷٵľǣּһϯ֮أοڽˡ
һļּңڽǾһ˼ҡ
˼ңָ©һЩǶ˷ܶ뱲ˡ
˭Ҳּմϵϵ
ֻԭ¬˽֮һֱӼһЩ׽˼ңһŲգЩͽ˶Ҳ·
һֱڸˣκܶԼǰ;аϢͨغܣⲻٹĶүϲŮҲڵһʱõõϢô
ؼϲŮⲻŵĽô
˵û죬վвϢͽᣬǽţҲðͽ
ֻҪͶˣٹϹϵⲻָտɴô
˵ˣ˵ڽʮˡ
Ҫ˵ԭǵĳǰǨԸ뿪ȥ꣬Դͼֵܹϵ׽ЩԶˣûȥꡣ
񿴵ھǵǰ˷ٶŹٵģǲ߰ƷС٣ŵط֪ҲƷء
۽˵ٹ˵ͷڣڽҲ𣬵йԱ۸ɵ׻ֻǰ
˭Ҳֺ˼ͼֺϵҲøǴżһȥꡣ
ԭŵݣڽҲûбǹϵ˼ˣʱʱǲ˵˳Ͷ϶Ҳ͵Ŀȥ
Щ˼Щģ뵽ûܹµڣҪԸµظȥٳء
ֻۿٽҲûȵٹųϢ
ǲʶǲ졣
ȻǼĵճӺ͵ճŮҲһڣȻ˻ΪΪһ˫ŮǲӣŲġ
ֻΪ˫Ӳ̫ûд졣
Ϊϴ¶ûд죬Լ϶ԺӰƼˣұҲôġ
ҪͽԽõö͵ǡ
Щ辶ģżȻǸͽ岻ã͸ɮĻ͵˼ҵĿȥ
쵽¾ƵǸʱ򣬽ٹſڣֱﲻ
Ǹ˷ˣȻǲϲЩӬӪ֮ͽҲøǺѣͷԸŷ׽˼ҵĶ⣬һŲա
ˣҲЩլġ
Ѱ꣬ЩҲǼͼֺˣҲ͵Ҳûд͵ʱ
ԣǶûĳ档
ȨǾȻŶſǶү˵գȴҲվвԸôѵӻ¸ŷֻʹ
ЩǣĿУֽʹĵλθ˲١
̥ǼףǹүĵճŮ³һġ
³һһ֮еͷһ죬Ҳһ֮еͷһ죬ԭҲͷһݵĺӣȻǸִƵһӡ
͸ԵôӺˡ
ȿʼֻ˵Ӻã϶Ǹ
⵹ҲǼٻϾٹѾңɼˡ
ǲ֪Ϊʲô󣬾ͱ˴󲻿ԡ
󲻿ԾЩԾˡ
⵹ǶҲûʲô󲻹ĹȻǲġ
󲻿ԣ͡
Ůй󲻿ԵĻʲôλãǻʺˡ
ɵ궼ȫԵ游ˣҵͼִͬĪ棬Ȼǲܵġ
̫̫ˡ
̫ͣһЩܡ
ɵףûļҹճͶŻʺλõģ˵ûʲôûʼˣǲǴء
ִƿƹȨģƽǱ߻мּҾء
ԭױʵ۾ù߸ҲǼִƣĿ죬ʵСʶûбʵġ
ҲҺãڳһǴ
ȻּǾҪٲˡ
ЩӣæϡԼһԶŮ
ټ䲻죬ԼҲҲҪһġ
¬أֻɼٳ֡
ֲһͨˣСС磬ҲѾüͷöˡ
¬̫Ҳܸ顣
Ѿз˵ҪʼԣǼֺ
ֲһͯԪڣÿøһֺȻҲҪú׼
ԵȼֺҥԵʱﶼѾڴ⻰ˡ
ǸͷһҲǼֺͷһãֺȻǶע֡
żֺ֮࣬ҲȥһкöֺҲŸһݡ
ʱ򣬼ֺһҲʲôöֻͷһ伪
͸Ҳֺ˿˵ҸϻӸװҸȥ
ֺþÿҲˣԱԼȥҲɢɢġ
Ǻøֵźд컯ʱ򣬽㽫Ҳкءɵüء
ֺոսţĸڴĸ˵ء
Ϊʹ˫̥Ҳһģ˵ĸ˵һ˵лԭҲǲֹġ
ɼֺ⻰ȴЩľʲôд컯һ֮ŮܵõĻ
Ǹո˵ЩʲôֺͻȻ
Щĸ˽Ժ󣬴ӽլߵļģȻҲû񾩳ǱߵôЩԡ
ֻǿĻʲô
ĸ֪ԵµĵԵƵİѸոյĻظһ顣
д컯˭˵ģֺЩҧгݵʵ
Ҷô˵ʱĸûвֺŭǴõȻд컯ġ
˵꣬ĸֽʾ֭һЩĻΪЩȻҪԼġ
ȴû뵽ֺȴһڴϵ⻰Ժٴ
Ժ˭Ŀ˵д컯ֻҲǼҴˡ
ֺһ鷿ѾӣǸĸ˵
˵ֺ꣬Ҳ˲ûҪʹǿˣֻæţҴҵҪȥҼ


120 
ֺҴҵҪȥҼ·ŷǶű˼͵Ķ
ֺһֱǾ䡰컯᲻ԼҴݽȥҲûſ·Ǹŷײ˸
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ϻӵķ϶ȥ΢ϻ鱦
˭Ķ
ԭ͸ŷ˵˳׽˼֮⣬һŲյġ
׽˼ҶѰģҲ϶϶ġ
Ѧ񡣡ŷֺһæ˵
ѦңֺüͷһǼҵĶôˣ
Ҫ˵ԭѦңҲ׽˼ˣϾͬǴӽģͬʱ׷̫ʵ۵ģ׻׺񼸷֡
ټϣǰЩ꣬ҲҲвٽ׵ģ֧ȴҲ˲١
׽ڱģѦҪּҵֹ˴ѹˡ
ּڽѦҵĸȥѦǶ硣
ȵѦҵĴүȢҵĴԺһѦѾɽˣԶּҲ͵ˡ
һ棬ǺҲ֪Ҵ֮ҵǵԹȻҲ֪Ȼȡҹ֪֪飬վ˼ּҵĶ棬˴ѵȥҲֻȥƨˡ
ұҲղض߶ˡ
ɽŷ֪ôֻּ֪࣬ԭѦףȻǲܰ˼Ķƾˡ
ѦҲǸĺƿǴܼأȴһССŷֵܡ
ŷĳ棬仰ŷѾҲˡ
ԣⲻѦ񣬸Ͻʹ͵үǰȥô
ŷ֪ԵɣֺʣֺֿĿⶢǸϻӣŷм䣬Ǵд컯ѦҲôණ
ֺԭΪǾ컯ģû뵽ŷŷôһ仰ֺ¾Щŭ⡣
⻰ڸﶼ˵ġ
ȻǸƵþȻû
ǼҾѾǸˣԺٽʲô
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ĪǴΪճ´ճŮԼķͷ
Ҳѹ֣Ͼʹɲһġ
ŷĸ̣ɵżֺȴҲ˵
һլŷģҲͲʲôдϢġ
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ֺҲû˼һŷȻҲ֪ŷС˼ֻǿŷҪߣֺסŷѦҵĶʹ˻ȥ
ѦҺͼּѾôˣͻȻҪûʲôС˼ֺš
ԴĿԵ񣬼ֲּȱӣƤҲûôǳ
񣬵ʱ֪ѦҪֳЩʲôֺȻҪŷ˻ȥġ
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ټϣոҲѦҹ¸ӣԵЩ鲻Ը
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˵䣬Ѿʼݡ
游м顣Ц˵飬֮Ҳ[1]Ϊ֮֡
Ǹֺ֣ҲЦ˵Ǵأ
׸ȡм訡Ц˵
訣Ǹֺ֣Щɻʵ
ָֺʾһǸ֣֡
ߣҲֺǸԺ˵游Ǿôͬһ㣬Ǽҵ䱦ء
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£Խ˵ǰԽ¡ֺǻǵһء
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ƫƫһǰɪ˵ǼҴ̼޵ѦûãѾһˡ
ԣŶѦ΢Щӡ
ҪһƽϢǾͱȻóһµԡ
ѦΪ̣ҪҲǷ˼ϵ
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ҶԭǸѦҵĴүµģһŮ˵޵ѦҵҲһŲò¡
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ǸŮȨм仵ǸʱһƮҡ˭Ըȡôһ׵Ů
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ֱңˡ
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ңΪ˼޽Ѧңִܹѧܼ֮µģѦĹͬҲв١
лҪ˵[1]ԡ˵ġ


121 
̽Լҽ׼Ű͸һ궼ܵ檣ֺȡ档
һڽ꣬Ҽгûʲôܡ
ֻԼΪ㡣
ãѦҴүЩΪ֮ǰ׵ڣҲϧ
ôһȥѦβ
ѦұͲôģһֱԼǹټŮ޵Ѧ̻˼Ѿǵͼˡ
޵ѦԺһֱһָʹģѦүѦ̫̫趨ʡȥ
ѦΪȢţŻ˼ּңͲϲ⻹š
ѦҵﲻãĶҲ˳ӡƶѾѦȥˡ
Ѧ飬ȻǱѦð㶼֪
֪ʱѾ޶ˡ
Ȼһ޶ϵ
һ˼ҪˣȻҪ¸ȥ۲ܴ
Ҫ˵ҵ֧ûʲôڽ꣬ҵ֧ڣҲǲԸҲûʲô֣ҪҲѡ
ɲ֪Ϊʲô
˰ڰƲƵġ
һϦ䣬ڽٻ˼ң䣬֮ȫˡ
ŮһҪЧ¶ŮӢأѲѦô㣿
ѦҺڽ궼ͷ˼ңŮ֮±Ҳ۵ȵ㡣
һʱ֮䣬۵ĶŮһ飬ʲôּҴǸʲôģû˹עˡ
ڼּ˼ңôܲǸأ
ҲѦҲҪ˼ңҲʲôԣȻǶƽϢԵġ
οﻹиء
ΣҲøһ֡
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Ѧ֮ǰиܵܣֻؾȥˡ
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ңҲѦҵֻ̣ýһɩˡ
ֻּЩص˼ңŻô
ٻ˼Ȼǲֵֵܸ
Ѧһ˼Ųİ֮ί檣Ѧүֹ̫̫˼ĺӡ
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Ȼǲܲͬ⡣
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ϾֻҲ޵ͷѦҵĵ̣մѦҵļҲܸҴõı
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յԵϢ֮󣬿ȵȥ񷿡ҪԼϢҲԼֱϵĻдȥ֮һȥģһʱѣҲǡӡ
ҪԵĿ붼Ǽ׵ģûû˷ģڹԱ
ŴϾҲϢѯȻЩûʸƿˣΪ٣ðȥƾٵġ
и飬뱾߱ȷϿǱ˲С
ֵÿͬһƵ໥飬ǾһҲ֮Ϊͯᡱ
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˲һżֺֺҲҪһ»᲻˴Ÿӣ׶ƾٵ·ӡ
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ʮ˵ϻǸǰ˷ͬ壬ɵǷָأ־Ҳǧ⼸ˣԽҲһ峤
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󲻹ׯ֮飬ٽԣֺȻǲԸ
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ҵʲôءˡ
Ҫ˵еǲУοɿһϣȻҪͷǿϲٵġ
ϾһдֺԽгϢֻԽ˵÷ݡ


122 
Ȼֺֻʾһ½峤
ڶգ峤ˡ
˵ҲҪȥԣ֪Һûѧӣ
Ҳȼֺش峤˵мҲȥԼģ֪ܴܲǣ
峤⻰˵ʮֵˣ̸֮ȫȻǼֺҲŵѧӻᣬǼֺеӵȥԼһˡ
ȫ˼ֺ棬ԼһȽϵ͵λ
үүʱҲŵ˻ءֺҲԸ峤ôƵ˵ֱ˵
ǸЩ˿𣿡峤ֺûԼĻ˵ȥҲգóһ˵
ֺԽӹ峤ӣͷúгĸ
Ϊ¹ؿƾٵĴ£˵峤ˣɼֺϸϸط
ĸˣÿһͷг䣬ϸϢ
峤ԭҲǿǹģĶǼּҵˡ
䣬ǸֺͣҲǱȼֺ΢ѡ
Щ˶峤Դ˵ֺ˽꣬Ҫƾ֮󣬾ϸѡģΪ˸ֺһȥԵġ
ûмֺų˵ȱͯˣ峤Ҳֺ顣
Ȼ峤ϸѡǵظֺſŵػѧӡ
ǣʮԾȡ
Щʱ򣬽ʮ;ǰ˷ȴ⣬ȴǲġ
ҶǸմѣ˵ǾǵǼϵ׽һ㡣
ɵףϻһˮƽģڽ⼸ҲԿ
ôǵǼģְˣЩ˼Ҹú
أ
ôҲûгһˡ˵ҵӵҲûûгԿʲ˵ˡ
ôҪȽϵġ
žǵЩѾˣȴֻڽ̣ԭѾЩˡ
룬ȻҲǼּҵˣɵǶҲǿλҲ峤
˵˶꣬ǵǼҲҪˡ
ʱǽ⼸ҲմĹˡ
ԣ峤ú
ĸ˽ǽʮУһٮٮߡ
ȥҲһְա
ܸżֺһԣܸżֺһͯţȻٺò
ǿϣֺмһԹڣ˵ã˵ҲǴء
ܳΪֺ飬һؾȥһɴ̵ǽʮǰ̾Ͷˡ
ԣ峤ֺµˣҲΪֺܸЩͬ԰ˡ
峤Щ㣬ֺܿ
ⱾǰϵıֺȻȻҲ˵ʲô
;ǵļּңͬͬ壬ǽЩĴ³˼ϽǼֺҪͷء
ǼȻԸϽЩȷʵп֮ţǼֺҲԸһᡣ
ǼҵҾ͸ЩˣֺԺЦ˵֪ʲôʱпգǻǼȥźá
⼸˶ѧеѧѧϿأʲôʱ䶼С
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ԣѧīֽĿҪԼǮˡ
˵ˣȻǿ϶ԼǮˡ
ǶǼּҵˣɵҲЩƶġ
磬ֺǷоһҾƶģֻһĸ֧żҵ
īֽҪǮҲĸ׿Ʒ׬Ǯơ
ѧĵλ뱣Ҳӡ
λĸֵðüƷء
峤ȻҲǼЩ֮ģ׹ѸǰǷǶ࣬ҲҰ̫ࡣ
ֺҺٹĵճǲܲǮ˵϶˵ıѶ˵ġ
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볡ǰòҪһѿȷûмдýȥ
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ڹ㳡ϵʵ̫ˣЩֺزӡ
ֺںЩǰͷЩѧǼ뼷ǰͷȥ͸Լ΢һӰ˳ɼƵġ
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üģѵЩòҲܣ
֪ȴԱͲͬڸ֮࣬ѾȷĹˣǺôڽ긮ǸǣЩˣЩسǲûпԽЩ
ϱ߻ԣЩЩسǣѧȥʱԴβС
ֺʶǰͬ
ǳδãǰĻʵִӹ޵꣬ǱĻʵҲͦӿƾٵģɵЩѧ͸ѧòơ
ڿƾϣƶҲơ
ڿƾҲϿ׵鵹Ҳᷢ
ֺԼǰƵĿƾٹأЩ뷨
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ֺֻԼ֮󣬲ʸʵƾٵĽء
Ȼ˶࣬ҲģǺôǶ֮ǰѾʼ˵ġ
Ǽֺں棬ʱ򣬼ֺҲѾԾˡ
ǲײѧЩԵĹأ⿼һ㣬λŵġ
ֺڿſЩ˷ֿ׼ҵԼλ¡
ŷ֣ˣȻöĸ
λǰŵ˳еġ


123 
ΪֺѾһˣȼֺԺûãʾⱾѾˡ
òԾӡľƣڿѲչʾԵĿ
һûģҲԵˣԵһĿҲжʽġ
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ν˹ôдʫĶһĸʽĿһʽġ
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Ψһõǣǿû꣬ڸʽһҲϿ
ֺһۣѲ߶òŵľ壬ײԣҲѣشⶼûϡ
Զ˲ĵ֮
ǳԡϡһ仰ʮйоصһĿ
ĿҲܿ㣬Ŀһйоصˡ
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ֺһĿѾгˡ
ֺǵͷ˼Ƭ̣ͲѾ˳ˡ
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ȵīĥԺ󣬼ֺҲѾ˼زˡ
ֺҪԾдͻȻѧʱ£ѹ
Ϊǰθܣƾأй¶֮£Щﶼȫ˾Ȼнʿ顣
Ե˱иĵĹ涨
ԿĲݸֽϱҲвݸ壬ȻͻᱻΪǳϮ֮£ǰ֪˴𰸣Ŵô˳
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οڿƾУԾǲͿĨġ
һʲݵּͿĨǾֱӿԵһˡ
ֻЩĿڼֺ˵ʵǲѣοֻҪйоһѾˡ
ֺֻܰŹأڵĲݸֽϴһ߲ݸ塣
˵ǲݸ壬ֺ£Ȼ±ͬˮһ㣬ûͣٵʱ
ֺģȻǸȫͬ
࿼ĿٿŶδ֮ļֺλϣ±һ㡣
Լ⣬ԼҲȻ㲻ѡȴҲûô򵥡
žеȵˮƽ
Ա߱ȼֺ꣬ŶֺܵĵĿڶŲݸֽץ
ԱȲ֮ÿٲ㶼ΪԼƤӵʲôƾ׵ˡ
ĿǿԼԳģڿ֮ǰҲû뿪ٵۣ¶Ϊֺȿˡ
Ҳһص֪أΪǵ֪أͷи֪˶ţټϽߣ࣬ܶһָĴ١
֪شòȣͬһ㣬ƽȣȵضȹڱС
Ϊܰȵع٣֪ȻҲҪ˽ⱾصЩŹǣôܵǡ
һʼʱֻ֪Ӹ硣
һٹּҵĵճ̫ĵױ֣һǽ֯죬ҵĵӣӵıܡ
ĸҪ˶ί¶֪ܰŸˡ
Ҫչ֪صƽӹɣҲǲܵġ
˭ʾãʱ򱻵̫ӵӵǾͲˡ
һƷ֥С٣ӵĶҲֻǸڻҵˡ
ף֪ҲǸλĹעġ
Ȼ˴öʽͳһ
λ籽ģҲɫǼ·ͷȴ˰Ƶġ
ȻԹǷأ˼Ҳܴ࣬˰Ƶ籽˼ңȴָ
ٿλ֪ͣرܲ³λǼּҵķ˵ҵı
һ֪ǵ
Ҫ˵ԭ֪ػȥֺո±ģдʲôĽ¡
λݣ֪ס˴Ľţֻǰǿԡ
ֺΪʹ˸壬ڲݸдҲرעּʲʲ⡣
ûãֺѾڲݸֽϴòˣгģֺϸһ飬ɾ˼²ſܶλ⿼˵̫ڳĻ
ſʼԾд
Ծӡ˺ɫķߵģÿҳʮÿжʮ֣еֶö˶дڸˡ
õĻǺֻ֮ǿ꽻֮ʱòǽԾϿϢȵԾֳԺٲĵ֡
ԣԾϵּΣǷҲ˵ʱԾֵһ֡
Ҳһ©
ϾÿּͬǺסľĿҲּͨϳ
ڼֺǰһǿ֮˽Ĵдֽϵġ
Ҳͱ˳ڿ뿼ʶĿƾ⡣
ԣֺǰһ鷨̫ãȴҲܹõ״Ԫ
һ鷨һ飬ֺҲ˿๦ġ
㲻ľ֣ȴҲзǡ
ңֵֺʱʶõǰƿʱͨõĹݸ塣
ݸ嵥óƽֽǹ淶࣬鶯㡣
ڿƿӡӵĿϿǾּṹԾȥʮ󷽡
磬ֺѾĿĲˡ
Ҫһ죬ǵ緹ȻҲֻڿдպˣһ˶ǴŵĽġ
ȼֺ̧ͷʱѾвٿѾʼԵĵˡ
ֺȻˣȴǱʱܿʼģԼֺڿϲʱ䡣
ֺʰԾԾڿȷõĵʱ򣬲СĽԾˣſʼԵĵӡ
ΪֺѾòˣҲǰ㣬ֻҴææڣͻøŴ⡣
ȻҲõĴݶˣĿһΡ
ּǼӵΪֺģҲ˼ֺıϡ
ֺһȥܿǳԵʲôĸ㡣
ΪոսʱҪòǵЮ¿ڸСò㶼ϸġ
Ȼһġ
ֺĸ㣬ǶɳСֻ֣һһ
һǼдСģոſʱҲͶһ٣ûģͬ״
Ǵ󲿷˵ĸ㣬඼ôá
׻ܿһЩԭģġ
ôǿеǮƵ˼ңԸԼҵĿڿʱ򻹳ԲãԿǴĻҲһЩʿڣܵӵĶ
ֺȴֻŴ
ǴΪȽϴ󣬹òҲͷмдĶԱ˺ġ
ټϣɤӣѾ˵ĴǾͼֱӲѳԣζͬ
ԵñЩʣóһڱһ裬Ϊȥ
ֺԼҲûаԼԵĲõľȸУƽѺõظֺ˵ͷȻԹԳǴ
״ֺҲٶżˡ
ջĿԺ󣬼ֺҲЩɻ
ּӵ䲻һ󸻴󣬿ɵױշʳǿ϶бϵġ
˵Ӧòڿƿʱ򣬶ֻܳԴġ
֡


124 
ȵʱʱ򣬿һòıñ߹ʾ⿼ѾԿʼˡ
ֺѾԾˣΪԾǲͿĵģԼֺԺһֱڱĿ֪ˡ
ֺʩʩȻʾòԼҪ
ԵĹأÿһʱ򣬶ôʮ˲ܿŽʮһųȥȻٹϴš
ԼֺԺ󣬱㱻뵽ոǸԺš
ȴʮ˲ܷȥ
ԺֺҲڿǰˣٻչһ¶һԺ󣬽ŵĸ첲ˡ
ֺȣչһѾ½˳ˡ
Ǽ˲֪ǲ໥֮ʶģԺ󻹸˸ãȻʼ۸ոյЩĿ
ǰڽļֺ˸ס
ֺԭҲͲ˽̸οЩʶˡ
̸ѾһļֺȻҲûǸ뷨ֻһչԺ󣬱ۿŹԺĴš
ЩԭҲǿײˣֻͿֺŲֺֿȻһŸżֺһس
ôڴſ̸һһʲô˼ңԼһҲ׬ô
ôû꣬Ҳûʲôν
ϾǾǰˮεˮƽԼҵðˣȻҪҲѡ
ǰԼ˼άֺλҲСҲͬһǼ˱ţһصġ
ڳɼ
ôͽٿͣҲѧʵˡ
Ƕһ˵ģһ񣬱˴˾֪ԷĴġ
ǳԺ󿴵ֺһվţŹֺԼ⣬ⲻֺ˲̸
Եģ˭֪Լأ
һٸֺʣҲԵÿ⡣
ƫƫֺȴǸֻԼһڽվţⲻЩܴ졣
Ҳǻ˵ģֺϵɽңǻȥɽô
׼Ųȥ̸ֺ䣬λС硭ǵۡ
ǻû˵꣬Ҳ潻˾ˡ
ֺǰվǶԼģҲˣδе㵣ΪԼǰӰ˼̬
ֺҲ֪ǽ⼸һٮٮߣȻ峤ҲὫǼ͵ǰ
ΪԼӰ˼¼ûãǼֺЩˡ
˵ͻҪȼֺ꣬˵ȴǼֺǳ
ټϣֺϱӵļء
ųθУֺڿһ̣æȥѯʼ
ôҲǰˣֺʵտΣ
ģǴųġæش
ԵĿѣƽ̿࣬ҲѧʵȻǶܴ
ټϼҵ㲻ԥֱӾͻشŻѸ١
ЩԭڨĿֺûдǵ˼ֱӽǺӸףƢҲЩˡ
ֻΣҴȥǲҲдô
ǣʱ򻹵÷ʱء
ֺԭԸǣģҲ䡣
ⷽ棬ǼʷƵڶǾû˸ҳƵһġ
ȴһȡ
ȻҪʱܼ£ʲô
ӿ̤һˣģҲͱȼֺġ
Ҳһģٿͨģ֪ҲǴ˼ҳ
ԺֱǼһ䣬Ȼתͷֺ˵ٹǸ
⻰ʾ䣬Ѿȷ˼ֺ˵ģҲȼֺشֱ˵
ʲôݣαظǽʲôûݡ
˵Ҳˣֻŵò˵ҲչʮˣԿ˰ɣ
òţͷҲԹԳȥˡ
ֺЩɻ󣬼վڼֺߵֺ͵壬λҵү
۱˵úһ塣
塭
ֺһҭ˱Լ󣬻úԼһ壬ֺҲñŤ
ƽ޹ʶһԼֺֻЩˡ
ƫƫ
˵ЩּҺΪּҰ̫ӣҲƫӣ˽ĦϣһּоԹҡ
ϣȴɻǼּҵסүڵλ̫̫ʷϵء
أüֺʱ˳ׯӺӵʱ򣬻ֺͬ˵
ʱּһһʮӴңüֺǮƲģֻȥҪȥ
壬ȳȥֺ˼æʵ
֮󣬸ոЩ˱һ٣ɫҲЩá
ǲʶֺȴʶһڽҵүġ
ȻҲֺ֪ݲһ㣬ͨĸҹӣȻҲҲæˣԼٶһֺˡ
ԺѾֻʣ˼ֺͼˣſڵòҲشߴǡ
ֺ״Ҳæ˵ȳȥɡ
ոճţֺͼˣӲرſڵŵõ˰벽ֻϧѧҲͱۼֿòˡ
ֺſվУģŵģڼеӭǵòһ±ơ
һʱ֮䣬ֺ·ԼǸոտԵĵһģȢ׵ġ
ʲô״
ãԽϰҲ˽⣬ƬԺæͷӦˡ
æżֺŵòŵֺ͵壬ĹأŻ˴˸ǰ࣬ʾ
ֺһѾĿȺڴòй
Ҫ֪ϰףֺڿٶһҲƲǰǵˣÿ
֮Тͼڸѧſڵżֺˣֺ
æҴҵӭɫһ˼ֺһסλ˰ɣϽȥЪһЪ
ȴȻѾӺˣСֶҲȻȥˡ
㣿ֺæʵ
ֻһĸλԼҡҡͷֶԶֶ߻ȥˡ
䲻Զɵǿһˣѵ۵ûţҵһȥֺæȰ
뾩ǵĸƣּҵҲסģλ⸮ѧ
룬Ҫ߻ȥҲðʱ
ԭһˣټҲûúóԶֺ¼߲б۵ˣæȰ
ҲǸģֺȰԼҲټֻ֣Ц˵Ǳ鷳ˡ
˳·飬ʲô鷳ġֺЦ˵ԳɼվܳˣһȥɼΣ


125 
еҲĴլԺҲ
Ĺĸڼſ׵żˣҲʼΣֻżһֱ´ˣȻ˵˾ͺã˾ͺá
ֺ棬Ҳ΢ЩΣҲöżĸֻתͷ𴦣˳Ҳ˼ҵլӡ
ֺֻվǰԺҲֻܿǰԺĳ
ԺԭӦһЩԵĻľĵطľѾȫˣֻһ񻹹ͺͺ
ԭֻľĵطһЩ߲ˣǼƽԵġ
ǻмֺԱ߿ţ΢ЩڣҲϲųŵôôûƵġ
˵ĸ׽ܵٹĺ塣
ĹĸſֺΪعѣƽҲ˴򽻵ֺЩ޴룬ֵܺá
ֺҲ΢ЩнæһɩӺá
ֺ˵Ǽ壬ȴҲǼͬˡ
Ϊԭ򣬼ͬĺѣ˵ͬţֺǵһеͬˡ
ĹĸҲдֺʵڲ֪кҪڼԸ
˵ֺ꣬ˡ
˵ΪҪԣҲĸӲһҲȷʵȥ˵⣬ȴҲҲֻһ˳ԡ
ο⣬λĹҲǿϡ
Ҫ
ȥٽȥ⣿
ֺҲǲͨʵɵӣȻܿһĸľԭɩ룬ҲƴǣҶͶҲһȥأҵҲٵ顣
ֺ⻰һĹĸҲƵһ
̹Ȼֻ˵ͺ塣
ȼֺ͵ͷСֺ˵Ҳ壬ֻǼƶҲûʲôʳ
ƽ˵ҾƶüֺҲ߿ۡ
˼̹ȻֺҲ˼Σֻת糿һȥ񣿡
Ǳ鷳ˡոѾƾܹһˣȻǲƴǡ
ʵֻΪĸԺԺɸ˶ѣʵҲѡ
ŵ˵ֺԭѧʶѾпԵĿ߳һˣλ֪ҲȲϼֺ
ǿֺϺƽֱֶӡˢһ㣬ȥ˸оʵʱپѾֺ˸߷֡
ٿ⿼ϵ¡
ڼֺԵʱ򣬾ͨٳ֪˿ٵӣԭǰſٵϲôá
ٿµʱ򣬾͸о¼ֱдԼĿˡ
нݿΪһ뷨
ֶԼĳɼһģ˭ɼȼֺżȥѧſڿ񵥵ʱ򣬸ѧſѾ˵ˡ
ԸѧſڵĹ㳡Ҳ
ǸѧܱߵЩ¥ݣҲؾͿˡ
ôֺģϵǱȥݾ¥˼˵ķˣԼֺҲ³ˣֻϵŷ
ˣ֪˭һűмǰͷòģòŰ񵥴ӸѧĴų
һǼأҲЩ̲סˣظֺ˵һ壬Ҳȥ
˵꣬㼱Ҫȥ
ֺæһס˼ô࣬ҲȥСǲ͹ȥô
ȴҲۿɼҲǲġ
ֺҲûļֻü³ȥ
ȼ³Ժ󣬼ֺҲƵ˳ʰǰҲȷʵ࣬Щ˽ЬӶˣֺЩȻǷʱ򼷽ȥˡ
ֺּӵȻҲҪ
ǵļҾȻҲмͰſҲΧվš
ֺ˶ﳤĶ
ݲһ㣬ܸãǰҲȻеˡ
ǳԸһҪԼֺΪǸ翵ǰ̡
ǶÿͿֺǰʺã˳ֺܸ׸ڡ
ھֵֺܣȴҲԼܱˡ
ǴɣǾ˺壿Ҳ񣿡ǰżֺ˸Ҿ
ֺոش𣬿Ѿܹˡ
Ҳȼֺ곤˼ֵ꣬׳꣬˸ģô˼˵Ļ¼￴񵥣ټ
ֻǣҲòȥٶѾɢˡ
ȷʵһҲ⣬ֻ˳ֺܵǰ˵µˣǵһ
ҲзִģȻֺ˵һ˷ܲѣ˵Ҳڼֺ͸ǰ
ǼȻ֪ԼĳɼЩţټǻСļֺȻ˵һҲ΢Щ
Ǽֺݰ˶ڳһЦҪϲֺ
ֻǻû˵꣬һԺ󣬽˵СҲˣҿȦİɡ
ÿһķɼҲΪÿηȦʽģǰʮΪȦеһм䡣
ȻǰʮɼǿŻûʲôġ
ǼȿʼΪֺ˿˵ĳɼɵĿƵؿ
˭֪Լĳɼ
ϧǣֺķԸҲֻ˼ֺͼ˵ĳɼ
οֺҲ֪ǵǶء
ֺҲû˵Ŀ⣬Űǰ˼˵ģЩļֻԸոҲȥɼˣȥһˡ
æӦһҴҵȥҼˡ
ԼС壬ҲûȥֻΧء
æ˵˳ɼŰѼ˻
û뵽ͦбµģôϺˣ˲⺬˵
⻰ճ˶Լͬһѣʾ˵ˡ
ֺҲüƽϣֻʵǵĳɼûУɽˣ
غ壬ȥˣƹҲ֪ɼˡһ˵
˵ֿͬɫһۣͬ˵ʲôʱ˵ĻæЦ˵ҪڶأСȻ֪˳ɼҪȻȥɡ
ֺԭҲ죬Цֺͬ䣬Ÿżˡ
ڼԴ⼸һֱĮغܣѶûС
ֺҪߣֻæϡ
ֺͼԶˣ˲ҧ˵㿴ϼֺ֪αֵǰȥ
˵ȥǽ⼸Ҳһپ٣һġԼˣüֺ֪ǼȻųüֺ룿

ԵĵһȻҪȴҲҪȵһ򵥵öࡣ
ǰĳֺǵһ
ȵ峡ǽ֮ǰַҿÿַ
ֺǵһȻǵ֮ذס
ذ׼ѾĬϿŵˡ


126 
š
ֺԣҵذס
˵ԲѣôԼּ˵ҲһˣͼֺٲдһŻȥҲøھǵļǷϲѶ
ʿʵҲ֮ǰûǰûʲôվɻ̫
ݣټŵӣ̫ҲⰲЩҪĻ
Լվɻÿ£ֺаˡ
ҲЩģ֮ǰļǸȥȾƳԷЩͶ֮ǲ
񣬼ôҲԳʿˣÿպȾƹ֣ʿ
⻻һְãҲǸǴţ
ٳϼĴԼҶӵĴǣ˺ССֻܱܵȥ
ʷÿÿССͣ͡ıӣ봸⡣
ϸǶÿջ϶ø˵ϼ飬ͷ˵ʲôԼΪӵĴ֮Ļ
ȻһֱӼֺɵԼĵһӣĴûѼֺϵġ
ΪԼĿԼұСС;ȻҪȥ꿼ƾ٣һǸ϶Ǹ׵ġ
붼öԲԼұӡ
ͷҲǶԼֺԼʿİտڲˡ
ͷֻܴһԼϽʿķṦΰ
ǰͷΰɣ̫ӺͼЩǿڼôһô֧Ҳüˮܵøͼ⼸䣬ܴġ
ټϣܿнʿҲȷʵЩеͷһݣҲЩĽ
ǣ˭뵽⾹ȻܽǶظһ£⣬˭̵ˣ
ǸϵٺãҲ̲˰
ǰѼ⿴ֵ̫ܵӣЩʤˡ
ÿһڣ̫ӲǼװԼæµúܣûʱ˵ǷԸһЩС飬֧ߡ
ˡ
ҲɵȻҲܲµһǶѾ˵ģôǰ˼졣
ǣⲻյӹԣذ׵ô
˵ǹԣҲûУ˵ˣذףֻҪǲ⣬һſ϶ܲġ
ο˭Ҷ͵ģ
Ҫ˵ǾĶһݣôֺǾôѫ˼еĵһݡ
Ҳû뵽ԼôȻǳ˼ֺֺ񣬹Լ竣Ȼֶֺӣ;Լܿһꡣ
飬øԼЩҫһ
ʱƽԿ﷦ζе۵ĵֵ˼ˡ
ԴԺȻ˵ﲻ֪ת˼ȦǸҲ֪˶ٻأôҫԼĺöء
ⶼѾʼԼ֮ǰûкúöˣ飬Լ϶ܼںֲԴףȴ廪ֲԵÿôһ
긹壬ôǰNɪԺ⻹û˻ʱأͼҴҵػ˹ٷȥﵱˡ
ܶǼ⵱ֵһˡ
ڹﵱֵԭ飬ҲòȺӡ
ֵΪʾһ»ʵ۶ǼҳĿذˣ˳ţҲЩһǰ̡
Ѳ߻飬Щ书ǿĴء
ԣȺǣǵ˹УҲûʲôһع֮ġ
ĵӣֲܾںȾƶĲ˲۵һĸʲôġ
ȥĹʱǼһڣһ٩ɽء
ⲻô
ԼڼҴ˰ĸⲻҪô
˳ˣЩֵǣһ̣ɫһ
ˣ߶߶߶ĸ˰ٸѼƵüˣǵĶҪ⵽¾ˡ
ǾͲֱˡ
ǸոҪŲӲסˣ߲ߣЩӼѾʼʿǼˣôԼֵܡ
ȴǻȻʲôûһ㣬ֻ߸˵ظǴչˣȻװӣǰЩǼҴȥ֪
˶һۣ룬˭֪ǻ֪ӱƲȥ꣬дء
⻰ǵû˵ڣչżء
ֻЦ˵ôˣǼҴҪˣ
Ҳǣһ粨Ҳ͹ȥˣǼҺҲûˣģССͣԼ׵ӳ
ǿɲС͵仰أüɫ˵ǼҺһǶܻˡ
ȴǲ֪еԭ򣬲ԵʵΪΣѾƽϢô
ֺôҲǼĶӣǾǵĴֶֶίЩ岮ģȻԹۡ
˭Ǽң˵ôŵ飬ֻܸ˵ȥ
ǣȥ
Ҫ˵ҲǼĺƢҪǼңǼүЩ˽ţ
ؼֺͼ⿪ʼ򱧲ƽˡ
ŵûˡ
ΪΣԲסʵ
ⲻǼҺԹôװԹҲ֪⺢ΪʲôôҪǿǵ˵Ҫٻ
ոʻˣһʺı飬Ҳոʲôأ
ͲԼһˡ
ƫƫ⻹ǲϷŹǶأСӵҲ˵ؿذףذ֪صĵһ
ڶѾͲyueˣλڲٴԼʿˣʲôʲӵذס
ޣҲԼҵĺӲȥȥӡ
⣬ﵹҲмĽġ
ǣģҲǼѣ׻һЩǼѵġ
NɪĻyueοǲѵˣЩᡣ
Ҹúһ£ɵ׻СһЩɱΪʲôʲӵŹ̫ڱȺѽмһͻأ˵
˰ɣҲ֪Լ̫ڲŵ¹غ⵹ҲԸ䣬ֻʵôô˵
ǼиݣǼԭҲֻǺˣһĶӣöϽҲٻָڵҫ
ǿƾô׵ģǴĶӣǿһԱ˷纮ȥˣǽ׷ͺڷˡ
⿴ţټϼ￼ƾٵҲ࣬ԿƾʲôģҲм˽⡣
Ȼ֪ԺǸˡ
¹Լʱ򣬻϶ŵģô˼ֺҪһ
⻰ɲɫһô
⻰ʲô˼⻹δ˵Щȼˣտڰ˭أ
ǹﲻܶŹЩǾҪһһȭˡ
ԭҲǿ߼⣬˵Լݼҵ飬һ硣
˵꣬ҲԻʧˡ
ǻ˵ģֺˡ
ʲôޣûл˼ҶӵģοҲûʲôء
ټȺѾʼˣﻹٶֻƱһҲһֶˣ˭뵽ǻˣҿɲ˵ˡ
˵䣬æͼҴҵˡ


127 
˵
ǣǼҺʲôˣ㶼ҪЩλΪһԵ˷纮
ǰǰҵǼҺŰɡ
ѾˣЩҲٳȥֻۣæİο⡣
ҲҫԼиöˣֻ˵ֺ϶ƽš
ˣ˵ʱˣǵĶһˡ
ǰοټϼżƽƽȵع˸ԣѵܱȲ϶С壿
Ҳ˲١
ֻǣ֪ΪʲôЩȣҲûڸҫ˼
ʵʵظ˽Ӱ࣬ʵʵظ̫
ⷬɣ̫ӶЩ죬ǸʲôӲɣ
ֵһˣͻȻһ찲ˣ̫ҲЩļ⡣
Ѳʲô飿
̫æͷĹ̲סʼһ䣬ʲôˣô˰
˵̫꣬־ãԼҲǷˣⰲһ㻹ã
ѲɷǵüһֱԼֹԼžˬ
ЩǰҲұ¶̫ӣǼε֮һټ̫Ϊ̫ӿ϶ҲЩƾϵ顣
ԣһԺ󣬻ԥԥ̫ӵ磬ƾĺࣿ
̫Ӳ֪ǰ飬ֻΪ⵹ǻܿ˵ˡ
һ£֮ǰ˽Ƕۡذףֻ̫Ǽôиˣ֪ˡ
̫Ӿúֶ̯ôҲʵ࣬Ȼܻڸģ̫Ҳٲֺһñ߹ġ
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룬Բ£ɻأƫƫʱΪ˷ֹдҲܴޱ
Ǻ׵÷纮ոǸ˵ݼҵĸΪ纮ȥġ
ȻҲ֪ÿ֮ʱǾЩҽõʱ򣬸֮ȻҲˡ
̫Ѽֺ˵ȴû뵽Խ˵Խ˼֡
ֻǼҲֻ֣̫ΪǱ̼Ҳ˼֡
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ԭҲһŴģ˵ǱŻˣֵӣҲӦǻġ
Ͼ⵱ոտʼ竵ʱ򣬼ִҲûȹҲһƿİŻ⣬ɼҲǳ㣬˯𣬰Ҳûзϵ˼
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ƫƫͷִƣһ˼ĵźϣԭһôŷˣÿ϶ȥС֧
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Ҳ
⿴һԼ裬Խ̻ȻѲɺΪƾٵ˷纮һ֮
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˳Ҳȥɽסգֻ˼
־ؾǸոҪȥ
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ǽԼЩһֱجΣεȥ飬һһʮظ־˵˳


128 
־Ȼǲڵ۴ˣҲһҪɣõˣһֱѧﰲȵصѧѧˡ
˵Ϸ˵Զ֮
Ǽ־Щ֮飬Щŷģÿ־Ҳһֱһ¾֮Ķ
˵Σ־ĵһӦǣⱻˡ
Īײſˣ־ãҪȥҪȥʦ
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ǣѾ˼üˣټϣҲ֪־ʦҲȷʵһõˡ
Ȼ˵ŲԼײ˿ˣȴҲЩĶˡ
Ҳ£õǿײˣз⡣־Ȱײͣѱڤڤ֮ڰʾʲô
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˵εֺȥ־Щţɲߥżȥҵһô
Ҫõ
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Ǽڤڤ֮аʾʲôǺôҲûʲôܿķӲǡ
ԭĶ־ôһвӦĵ
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ǵۺ֮ǰƾ˲٣Ҳ
Ͼ־λʦ־޷ӣ˵־ȻѾ뿪ͲӦɽϣʲôǣ
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˵־Ҫߡ
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ֺ磿ʵڲͷHͷᣬֻż־Ҫߡ
ͷȴż⣬ͻȻ˵ҿʩ࣬ɥɥӵ࣬ʩǳزҲȥӦûиӣ
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ҼȻݣǿ϶֪ٹԼһҲ֪ٹĴ̺ʹĺúõģô˵ǳزӽȥֻ


129 
չգӦð
־˵Ժͷк˽ŵʿʲôһ㣬һһŵģ
˵꣬һһֱʼĹҵʲô䣬һ͵ضż⿴˺һڿ࣬һԺ߶߶ʲô
񲣬ִʵHģûаɷǣһɮһ㣬ȥͲʲô
ͼ־Ѿ϶ʹʲôֶΣŻǲΡ
ҲԶǧ֮ĺҲΪɮʲô飬ֻŵסˣúʡ
һǽ˼ЩεаҲǿԿûûҲʹʲôֶΡ
ȴǸ־ʹ˸ɫȻŭһΧ
ԴһɮһԺԭҲͶžأһԺǾæһѵҪΧȥ
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôЩǴսˣ˵Ӧݲģƫƫô˾ȻûнΧסˡ
ӳɿ⣬һ䣬λʩǺ⡣
ֻǼ־ͼҲشֻһ˼ץסǡ
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үôͷ˷˺ɽһȦҲûҵˡ
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ģүڱִ˺üԺҲЩⲻסˣֻ˵
ִƳĬãֻǼִҪŹˣͻȻִƺһ
С


130 
ʲôү⿴ִƻްı飬΢Щ¡
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ִƳص̾˿ֳĬһ
ڼⶼҪΪǲǳʲô£糯ʱԼ׵˻ʵӡ
ԣŷǵȥҺ
ҺǼ٣ܻ档
ִƲſڵ㵱Ϊʲô֮ǰǵúϰ䣿
ǼҺôҵģΪٹļ̳˱Ǹϰģܲ׹ڵ
뵽ԼҾǰΪһĿƾ٣Ųþ̳ľλ
ĪǼִƲúƾٵԭҲڴˣ
ƾٳԺĹˣ⵹ȷʵԼҵľλôƥ䡣
˼ţִơҡһȻ˵ҵӼ̳ҵľλʲôϵ㵱Ǽ־Ǹɵӣ
Ȼ󣬼ִͻȻص˵ڼǰҲƵΡ
ִ仰ĺȻ˼֣ү˼ǡ
ִƲû⣬ԹԵ˵ҵҲΪƾȥġ
ǸʱѾȢˣϱѾ̥ˣΪһԣͲˡ
˵ΪǶ飬ҹాţӹǱͲãԵʱ˷纮;ƿݣȥġ
ִġѪĳ棬Ůȥĳ棬ʹ֡ǸξִƸͲ
Σִ˵Ǳүҹҹſా飬Ŀⶼ˼ײС
ԭΪִ˵ԼƵΣһëȻĸо
ɺϵ飿
е㿪ʼĺˡ
һ룬־ãԼȵһԼ
ΪֱֳִߵĲյҪңСʱ򲻰飬첻ѧڿ˯Ӷ̫ҹüΣбúö㵹Ǻðұƺˣ
˵ûбҶ顣СʱֱŹвҵġ
⻰Ҳ˵ڣֻСĶִӹĲյȻȰ
үﶼǼٵģ侲Щ룬лƺô
żִһյԺȻ볭ҹģⲻϧ
ү룬ǱƺĹɸȥԾͶȥƺѽԼͷ͵ġ
˵ȷʵʵִ΢侲Ժ󣬵ҲûҪˡ
ӵĵǸǾԲܸСӵǸġ
ִתһһΣǿֻǻĵ˼궼ΣһҹҹجΡ
ûȼִ˵꣬Լһǿ϶ɺϡ
ִƵ˵ͷ˵ԣҲҪϽȥꡣ
ֻɺϣɺҲġ
Ҫ˵ոջЩִҵķ߷߲ƽҲֻʣ
Ƕھȥʰվͳ
˵ǼӣΨĶӣԭͲ֮ܽ⡣
˵⵱ĴƣҲиϢĶӰ
ܿźڲ֪Σ֮ء
첻ߵĶӣпõģִ΢οص˵ͷȻ˵ţĲһüٵģֱߡ
Уô飬ǶԿƾҲЩִڵģúø˵
пӲȴӦúúõġ
˶ԺԺԵʲôҲû˵ֻ˵ҪԶţѾǸʰҡ
ôԺʰ˵ҪԶУȻǸе֣ҲҪʼ䡣
үʲôʱҪߣôҲҪȥ֪ʰʲôЦʵ
ڻ첻ߣڶԴϣǾԶ˼õġ
¹غǺԴӺȥ꿼ԣϱЩ
µϣθ˵ʵ
ֻ˵ߵЩæվҪȥԽϻˡ
ôôæԽ֣ǴҰû˵أȥ
ź󲻹ȥϣ̿ʰǡ
˵꣬Ҳȥ¶ʲôֻ˵ԼЩ飬ȥͷ
ȻЩ֣ǻǾľظʰ˶
ȵڶգ춼ûͳˡ
ϸˡ
޹ô꣬ԵĲ˵ȴ˽ģǱޱȣôġ
뵽˵ȥϡ
ڽϣĺҲڽϡ
϶ʱЩˡ
ֻҲûʲôϢѾˣ¶ѾȥĴˣҪȥʷ䡣
Ͼʷϥ³ģʷҲƫۺ
ʲôϢִҲ϶ʷ˵
ֻǣϵã̽Եظʷ˵¡
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ôһʡ
ʱʷҲʼˡ
ʷ϶ںİǶϵ٣Ͼʷϸǰġ
ԣܲæԧȥǰͷִơ
Ѿȥˡ
漰Ҳҵ飬ֻķʽȥꡣ
ϾֺҲ˵ˣԺܿҪʼˣⶼԼȥˣֺѾ˿ˡ
Ӿȥ꣬½·Ҳˮ·
˳ļڣˮ·ȥ˳£Ǳ½·ҪЩ
ңҪɺܶࡣ
ԼҲû룬ʹŴˮ·ҲǮСˣͷϹһҴ󴬣ʹȥˡ
󴬣ҲԼƶ棬ֻڴ˯ϼձܵˡ
˵ȷʵЩģ˭ֻҪɻ˯ϼգⶼġ
ԭ⻹ţ˵żȥ꣬·;ϵҲˡ
Ǽǧ㣬ôҲû㵽δ
⣬һ漮ϵˣδ
⣬Դһֱھǣ˵ҲżȥصģҲǾܱߵǼУȻû
ټϣͼֺȥ꣬Ҳû˵δġ
ûԼȻδ
ȿʼʱ򣬼Ȼͷ£Ҳ˵ˣȷʵ˸տʼʱδǴڽмգҲӦˡ
ҲźҲͷ£ȿʼıǣҲЩܣ˯ӦҲûˡ
ԼҲû£ǰһĺӣʲôܵģ
ǣڽ˺üգȴûӦԽˡ
δֻÿڴţʲôԲ£ÿﶼġ
ºˣ⻹û˵ʲôСȼˡ
ǼӣǼ·ϳ飬һغˣǱ˵ˣǵļ¶Ǳܵۡ
ֲ֪ȥĿģֻǼȥء
ȥ棬·ֺͣη
ԻûеȼԸأ˱ţô˸ͣҪҽҩ
ǵðѼκˣŸ·
δҲʲô󲡣ĴҲǸһָ˼Żµҡ
ôһҲǵһհѡ
ƽһհ룬Ȼûʲô
ƫƫҲһհ룬ȼ⵽ʱ򣬼ֺѾٿԵһˡ


131 
ֵܺ׶ӶڿƿΪһ竣Կƾûʲô˽ġ
˵ǸԵĿˣǸ֪ʲôڿġ
֪Եٽǻ֮ǰֺذ׵ʱдŻȥֺһ죬֪Щġ
ֺҲԺҪԣھӣֺûᣬȻǲ
ָͷӼֺӽʹ˽͵ǿʼҲѾˡ
δεκԴԼ˽꣬ѾԵĿˡ
Ǽδ֢ûкãһͷЪҲЪֱӾҪŽٹȥ
ΪʱϹģҲû֪ͨ־ǣͷҲûӡ
ǵһ֪꣬լĸλȻǻ˴֪
죬ȥլʲôŻλ
˴ѾƽˣɾǾ˺ڴһ㣬һֱλƵأԽһ֡һ仰û˵أˡ
ĺͻһһҵطס⣬ֵǵʵүǸûʲôôҪǻҸҽݿȥɣ
ĺͻζŵúܣԼҴүʲôʱ
˲ˣǻǸϽȥɣҪۿܷ˰˵
֣ĺͻȻֲ⡣
һչ˼ⲢһͷϹһ
ҲڽͷϣйĵطҪǻƫƧĵط˾ֻߵլȥ
ȼ⵽˽ٹſڣٹȴǴŽգǲŹˣŲţͽŶûпġ
ûӣֻǰȥš
һ˼һˣŻĸؾȫһţ˵ҪŻ
ŵСˣɲؾͽŶô
˭ϵģȻţ
СԭŰ˯ãӲرѣƢܺõȥ
ǽŵȴһֱ죬С˲Ѵ򿪽ͷſſվء
Ǹӵģɫ԰ףŲ鸡ݵĵⶼûˡ
ٿϵ·ȻǺӣǰɲµ·õ·ٹݷˣóİɡ
СôٹŷҲһ۽𾦵ġ
һ֪ˣġ
ŷǲͷˣƤǰǷŽȥʱ֪ôء
ãռССҲûڵġ
ŷȻҲ˳ĽڣֱӴһǷ˼ҶڣŴˡ
ʲôд磬ҲĹۿǼү˭
ٹļӣĸĸҲڼִƺʷǰЩģŻᱻѡС˵ġ
ΪСˣ˵ٹˣڹѰ˶棬ӹӵġ
ҹү˭ҲʲôطҰٹ֪ô?Сȴһ˵ģ˵㸮ſڵңҲȻ˵ֱӾͰŸˡ
Ŀֺ˵Ĵţ˶ˡ
ĳ棬ԼүԼҵլ͸ˣֻƵؿ⡣
ԭΪδ˯еͷۣһĻͷԽˡ
ţԼüͷ˵ҵӡأóǿ
ĵ˷Ըпʼš
ûˣ˵ˣ˼ңġŷȥ˯ȴЩͷ
۾Ǽү˭˵ʱﻹżӡš
СԭͷǶӡţֻˣæһ˵үүôˣ
үԼңø㱨Ĳ޵˵
ǣС飬û뵽үˣСҲҷֻ¶ĵЦ˵үǲˣҪȽЪһЪ
ŷۼƲ⾹Ȼ˷ŵģæڵҪǰһȥż⡣
ҲøС˼ƽϣиҪء
ֻʵո˵Ƕȥˣ϶Ǻͺһͬȥˣʲôʱ
ǰүǶȥˣү˼ǹҪܻɡСΪȷ˵
ȥˣ˵ǳȥҪҲ΢һҲЪһЪˣõǻ˵
ֻǣûأС˵ү֪ǴһӰүͶ̱Ÿǣһȥʹˡ
ʲʲô춼ʼˣҪлηǶҪ̱ڵˡ
Ҫ֪ڼǸԵһ顣
ѲɣԼǧֻ˰벽
ڼǰ֪Լֻôա
ǼʱԼδڴϣǶ²ôͻΪԼȥ򣬾Ϊ˻Լδ֢״
ΪԼô벽ʲôðɣ
ҪǺʲôãǱ˵ǼȥִܴˣԼھεزС
Ǻã
⼱ľͲιȥˣﻹʲô˼
ŷģ䲻֪ôˣ
ΪŬԼոڼǰӡŷŬὨүҪȥſڿôҪСȥ׳
ԣȥſڿһûȥأץסһƵģæ˵Ͻ׳ҪȥҺ
ŷ˵үǲǷˣԵʱ첻Ϳʼ˽ȥˣеʱûȥġ
Ȼˣ⻰Ҳҵż˵ֻĵСȥү
ҪãүһɡҲ֪ԼүΪʲôôżҪѰΪһϸСˣǻȻҪү֮ġ
ԣæ
ԶԶԣֳɵһЩԼĶͷȻͼҴҵҪȥ
ŷ䲻Ϊεһ仰һŴүڵĻᣬҲûֳŬ
үλ㶼Ǹո꣬ǲʶȥ·Сݳŷڵ
˲СˣӶǸϽȥſڣºǡ
ŷô˵Ҳںص˵ͷȻ˵ݳɡ

ȼ⵽˿ſڣŷ֣ſڵĹ㳡رش֮Եǣ㳡ȫ˺м仹һЩС̷ȥС⡣
⡭
ɵ˰ôˣҵǣ
ãŷȷʵôһôæүүǽŵʱһ謰˱ֻѰǵҲҪһ㡣
Ȼûãξۼڹ㳡ҵ˼ǵ
϶أҲûʲôйѣֻżɽʵ
û뵽ԼСһ۾ͿԭӦھǵļ⡣
ԼҴΣôһģ
Щš
ھǵʱ򣬼ǷƽҲûʲô飬˳Ժ˯⣬ǾֻиǼˡ
ٹĻʳǴ֮ǰپӪķǾǲȱġ
£˲Ź֡
ڼǰļ⣬ȴһȦ˻ΡΡأǵʲôһ㡣
˵ƽͼǾ˼棬͸ֻƵģȻ
ҲԼҪûôһŵĸͺˡ
ǣģЩˣֻһ§ôˣô˴
Ҫ֮ǰļ⣬ǺôҲһʿѿûʲôġ
ⲻΪδ˶ô
ôӲأûӼѳ
˻ʮֵý˵˵ˣоԼˡ
ɻɣҪ߱֡
ôǱģżͻȻǵģɲ뵽ǲǾǳʲôô
磬ôˣ


132 
˰죬ûӼѳ
ûδͷû뵽ȻҪ϶ˡ
ǻʵǿȥˣǰȰүүҪˣҪɿү
ŸоԼոշӦ̫һ㣬ѼҲ̫һ㣬ڨڨطſ˼⡣
ò״ӼĻѳڵغ˼ʿո뷭ۣ䳰ȷģʽֿͷ϶ȻģۿЩˡ
ոõĴһ˲ȫˣֻһ˵ûʲô飬ң㱻ˡ
˵꣬־ԼôãҪͣȴֲ֪
ԼʱҲһֱʲôƢˣ˵û£ݣ˵ȴһҲ̬ΪҲûʲô¡
ɲ÷һô
ŶȻ£ǴôǱǣѲܻģһ´⣬һƳ˵粻ֳʲô£ҪүˣͶҰɣ
ԭѾҪӣҪԳ˵ģ£ٿ񿼳ſ˼˵ģͻȻͷӦˣԼ⻹ء
϶ոŷ˵ϱǺͺǸŵģϱͺأżеʵ
û뵽Ժ󣬾ȻԼһʱ֮ЩûӦһԺ˵ȥ˰ݷˡ
һûãҲãҲãֻҪûȥԾУԼû
Ȼںͷһ䣬ôƼǶûУָָĴţȥ԰
˵ţб۴˼ۣɲɣеʲôʱԶ֪ɣ
ʲôѾȥˣʲôʱ飿
û뵽Լôһ仰ͼˣ
ѲϴѵõĴȸ֮ķˣ
ѵüƷʱ򣬿ɲóʤ׷ô
㲻֪ҲˣѲɸԵĹϴ㶼֪Ƕ첻Ҫ򳡵ġ
ϴͿͷѾȥ֪ˣϴˡ
˵ʱ򣬼̾һ䣬׼һ⡣
Ǽû뵽ôһ仰Ȼȥɵˡ
ˡҾȻˡֻ˰հЦЦƿ޷ǿ޵૵
ʧǵģݵģüһΪһ仰Ѽˡ
ƽϴʱУҲûϴ
Ī˵ˣҪȻԺҲϴôˣ
ϾϴҲˣҲˡ
ϴôˣҪҪһУüѹ
ҼأȴҲ͹ˡ
⼱еʵ϶ûʲô취ӿѺ
ڣһ
ãԼˣϴɵˡ
԰ڣһεؿżʵܲú
ȥ̽һ̽ĶͷǲպͿˣ磬磬ĴŶˣﻹú
ǼţɵҲһֵԭȰһϴȻǧӣɵҲôһˣʱ򣬺ͳˡ
㲻ҲǷǵһ漱һ־Լ˵ˣԼȥſڵòȥ
磬磬ҵ״磬ɱ֣żҪ Ƕߣˣæһѳס
ҪҸո˵ʲôԣұǣǺӣ׶ôЩ飬չӵʱɲܸˡżĵȰ
ǣ㲻ȥʵѲ˵϶ɣҴ㽲ú
ǣʲôɣǶܻӵĿ԰˵ȥԽˡ
룬⺢ҲĲң̯ôһ׵ĵ
ãôڵģģúúÿꡣ
ʵѲˣ̾˿ֻ˵ˣȥϰɣҸ˵Եɡ
ʵǲżЩʲôʲӵԵɣȻҪԵɣǺôܽסһȻҲԸ⣬żһ
Ȼ󣬿ʼ
ô⽲ԺһڴؿڴţҲܸ⣬ú
˵ʵ⻰Լֻһ롣
ԼεΪԿԵ˷纮ǧֹֺǼŵġ
ϾҲͼֲŵӣֲŵ
ôˣܱһңҲԼҴˡ
ڼִǲ֣ǰֶš
Լ׵ʲôֶ
սϴɱɱʱ򣬶ûŵʱڻΪβúԣ
ȫɻɣǼԼһΣʵǵĺĽꡣ
ǣƼҲԼΪһβúԣԼͺҲͬ⡣
ԲôһٽżִƵֹԡ
ԶԶԡط˼գһʱ֮ûӦʶӦˣˡ
˾ͺãںѾΣʱˣ϶ڸϽȥſڵò
ΪˣæżҪ³ȥſڡ
ľԼҴԼˣ磬ƾٿԣһšôǿڲŻ𣬿Ŷǲܿġ
ֻŬƽ͵ظ⽲
⡭ǺáӻˣһڿȾ˷纮յòʡҲܷų
뵽ĳԼұһڿﲡĲУŸգججﺬšܡ
ͼĲУ޲ʹӳ
ҵ׸簦³ļ⣬˵㿴ͷõʲôӹǣܶ纮ˣ
˵µ˵ܻЩ䣬ǣ⼸նյġ
̫ɹϣֻů
ȥڹ㳡ϵЩģѾ϶̴ˡ
ãɹ˵ĻǶȵ÷纮Ҫöࡣ
ҲԼЩȣǾü϶˵Ҳмֵһʱ֮Щ
һΰˣ磬һʲôãԼΪźүͲƤӶ˵ˡ
үҲͬΰִҲͬΣֿʼˣҲֱ׳֣϶ңҪȥѺңϸү㡣
룬ٽү壬͵͵ﵽ˺ԣүҪɡ
ļҲø粵ֻȰ㿴ǺҲͳˡ
պˣôҩԺ壬Ҳͺȫˡ
Īľü˵ĻҲмֵɵļֺֻӲĶӣȻǲˡ
⻰һȻ׶ӣɼҲظ˵ЩںҲ졣
˵Щ׶ûôġ
Ҫ׶ӣҸܴˡҲŭˣҲ֪ô£ƽûӣԺûаҲͰˣúƨɡ
òһƾ٣㻹ҪԣڲԵҪǺҶԸ㵱ġ
㡭⻰ʲô˼Ҳˣƫƫʣȷʵ˵Ҳʵ
ټһ·۳Ͷ٣Ȼô˹ȥ
лҪ˵⣺ҵҶӿʲô׶ѽ
Ŷһ׵ܵأҿԵʱôҲû㵣ң


133 
һǺԼո˵̫ЩȻѼôιȥˡ
ֵܣǳ¶꣬ɼ˹ȥҲǵġ
ǣ⻹εġ
һ棬мصĸˡ˹ȥǾûڿſںطҪȥˣ
Ҳ汻ŵɪɪҪ÷ǵôȥҿԺҪⶼȥŵ·ˡ
иĵĿƾҲҪˡ
Լ˹ȥһӦҲüѹæȥ򣬶Ǵżظȥ
ԭҲͲʲô֢򣬲·;ۣڴΪδûԺҲû˯ãһ죬ⲻģιȥô
ȻҽĴû̫ҽҽ߳˵֢˵Ҳʵǲѡ
ȸϼ룬üѹȻٸ⿪ϼҩӵ㲹ҩһҲͿˡ
үĪСĸүϼ룬үѹˡ
ιߵļ֮һ
ֻҪڼҩԺ£ǿɲպҽĻô
ҿԱҲǼΪǮҲøһ㣬ɲæ֤
һԥˡ
Ҫѹ⻹Ҫȥſ֣
ҪѹкԥСʴ
һ⻰Ϳʼˡ
˵ЩŹ壬Ƿʵȴҵúܡ
ԭţû뵽Լۼ֤ˡ
ôôٹĴ˼ң˵ﻹоλѲҵĶүΪ˾λŪϴ
ŵúܣִ˽Լ֪ˣԼҪûˡ
ҲҲ˵Լ˵λ롰ĺֵܶҪֵĶүھҪɱڣǾھ͵û
ֻʵʵүΪ·;̫ۣܶ˯һԴү˵һ¡
ǾͺãǾͺá˵Ȼ˵ˣҴ翪ҩʱ򡭡
룬ˣҪҿҩûˡ
νģҪ
βźۼؾܾ
˵ҩһЩĶ˯
һʱ֮ûзӦ
ôҲҩʵڲУ˯Ҳɡ
û뵽һȦӣֻ˵Ҫӵ㰲ҩֳú˯һ
ˣͻȻһֽٺҡ
æȻǿԵģҸүӵ㰲ҩҲͰˡ
ͺãͺáæôȥҩҩҲѹĻᡣ
ȸҩż˯𣬼һ
Ҫ˸ҩǮ򷢴ţʹ뵽ոյĺڿ˷纮
ȷ֪ټϺǣȾ纮ļʷǳС
һ˲䣬ôֵġ
տʲô飿ͻȻʴ
үҲү𣿡󲻹ҽã˵ʱ䣬չǡ
ҲҪҴƣţܸܲȥѧ⣬ҿĴֶѸ
ϵĴˣЩ޷⣬ȻˣΪηǵȥأ
ǣҾ΢Щε
ǡȻǿԵġ룬ûҪʲô׬ǮĲ£Ȼǲܾ
ȷʵǰѺ׶һģڶһ磬⻹˯òʡأѾʰ׼ȥſڽӼֺˡ
ţѴҲˡ
⿼Ĺأ϶ǰЩ˵̧ٷſš
ȵŵʱ򣬼ǰͷµģ˵ʲôⳡԣòʡ£ò̧ġ
Ҫƽֻ
ЦôǼּҵĺӣǣٳЩִܿһֻϻﻹΪһԲˡ
أձŻһ죬ٴһġ
ô˵𣬼һĻţɲðǰ뿴̧˭ô
ûǰҲãǰһûվȡ
Ϊò̧һˣǵһı
Ǵ⻹Ǽٸֺʰþߵʱֺõģܲ졣
ѽ
˭뵽棬Ϊһ
εĺΣǺȥˡ
ֶʼˣ֪֪ðŴ踣ҲҪ취˿ţѺúˡ
ﻹûĻ
ԼǺ˺
θ罻ɩү̫̫
Ǵ۵شĽ۾ͨ죬ѼǾ͸ԼӣȻԼС˴أǶʲôѴҺ
Сľ㶵վһȻŻγһ㣬æȥĶѴ


134 
˭Լҵ˴ŵһʱ佫Լҵ˻򱳻ȥԣſѾˮйͨˡ
ԭС˻Ҫһ뷢԰׵ϴοܼôȺ
ⲻ˶Ӹסô
˶Ѿ϶̧УһǼֶ룬ҪԼҵĺӣ߸˵ؽȥԣվǱű̧ˡ
⻻˭ǶۿžҪͯ˵İ
Ƽˣ˼ҶѾôˣ˼ҵĴһ·Σôȸ˼ҺӰѰ
οĴҲûд󿪣ҲûųȻǸԸÿ֡
Сؽǰͷ
Ҳô֪һԣʹˣȽȻҲûôСôϢûأҲҵ飬æȥλŽϢ
òŸոս˷ոҪҲǵļ죬ǴȥͿѾ˽򶼴˰ˡ
òҲֻǲ죬û뵽Ȼ˼ôԵҲֻһ֣ļȥ
һ̣ͺ޲ýû
ԭֻּҿƾٵĸԳʱҵĸҲҲǸӵģܲˣ
һҲһˣ׬һӡ
˭ϵλųˡ
ңһͷ֣λĿˣûⳡԣپĵҲ˼ꡣ
տһԣԭưܲ壬ôһԽˡ
ʵλȴѾˡ
ֿʼıˡ
˼ңǿһһЩ
ү񡭺ЩáЩΡΡ˵
ʲô˶վˣ˺ʱûż⣬ˣŶ塭
ĵرǸŵ˸ǰصؿ
һ˲䣬˺ֺܶ࣬ʱһκ壬кżʱżҲָ㼸ĳ棬еϰʱϺһӼĳ档
ԽԽѹҲ޵Խˡ
ǳֱģˡ
ֶʵУڳ˶öݡ
ҲݲһΪʱ򿼳ҲѾˣҲ½½ؿʼˡ
˼ҵ˶ݣҲҵԼҵĺӰ
ֺ磬Ҳ磬һ۾Ϳ˼СˣȻ˳С˵ߣ塣
֣һǰء
Ǽƣ·ǣԼѾˣ
ǼֺҲǼʶ㣬ȴҲûĳ档
ֺʵЩ£壬ôˣ
ǿ޵ĵʱȻͻȻֺ̧ͷһǰǸŵˣûѹģ
ΪԼ޵̫ģֻˣҪʼͷޡ
壬ôˣֺԼּһ
ǣСתͷ˺һʱ֮־ϲ˵Щˡ
󡭴㡭СָָϵŵǸˣָָֺô
Ҳȼֺشֵ޵òеԼҶүæСܹȥүǴû£úõء
ǿĵʱ򣬱Сһϣһʱ֮ûסһá
˳СָķȥֺվţЦء
ڼֺվλãŹģǸӣмõģ
ԲסǰȥֺȵĴУȷţǸˡ
úõģûסأ̲סżֺǰǰתһȦֺû£ŽŵģŻ˶ӡ
죬ǼҸСģûзô򿴹ŷء
ᣬոҩλ룬ոóȥһǳˡ
ֺͷΪѣЩȦģæŴֵùңҺأ㻹ȸɡ
ֺ仰·Ǵ˼һأָǽʵǱôϣ˭֪Ҷˡ
ֺ̾һ˵壬ϣڿʱҸ
ֻҲ֪ô£ʱ˲ãҹͻȻ˸գƫƫʲôûŲסŵףŰҵı
ɲܱΣֻżֺܽرãֻļִֺһѱԼжš
ֻܷģҾǺõġֺ˵
ҲЩôȥһ뽪ȥȥȴЩ 
ֺǸζûȵЩԭܾġ
ֺɺһȦۿʱûаǸܾ˵ڣӦһãһȥͺȡ
ǶүλΣ룬ҪҩλɲǼּˣæʼͼֺ
⵹ˣҵأֺɻ
ҺôҲǴ˼ңڶ࣬ԣûţСӦеġ
˵ּҲΪͬô׺ˣɵס
οİˣҲ϶ûаôµġ
ͼֺٲֵһ
ǵżֺմӿķ˲֧ŲסҪȻȥǡ
壬µģҺءֺ֮Ҫһš
üӿ˳˼֣ϾֶȥϢģʲôˡ
Ҳֺ֪ҲȰֻԽҵˡ
Сĸոʱ·үСȥңСͻȻ˵
㻹ȥæ
С˵Ҳʵټһ£һʱ䣬ҵ˸ˡ
ոռôǴ޵ģڣôŻԲѵġ
ôҲżǣֻǿסǵлĳдүʹǼչˣȻ˼Ȼ
ͼֺ̰ͼôֻڰ˵ǾȻȥˡ
ȼֺͼոյֵʱ򣬾ٹĴ󳳴ֵŵǼ
ͻһ룬˵ûʲô£Ҳ֤û
ǣҲ˰ҩüⰲȵ˯յġ
Ҳŷܷżš
񣬼ȥ֪Ժļ⡣


135 
Ҳ֪ΣԼҲǵȥԼǸĴ硣
ǸոտҪǻǸвĵĻҲҪ㲡
Ĳ˭أ
ǰͷ
ոߵſڣͿŷСˣһӱס⣬һǰͷס⡣
һҪģϻţҳȥҵĴ£ҽȫ
ոմ¬ϴſҲ޴룬һȰ⣬һֵÿ軳ͷҪֵ˫̥
˵ʱСĻڸźƵá
¬Ϻôһסһôһңôһ̯ӡ
ſҪȥŷţ˵ǶүԸˣȥ
¬Ҳ֪⵽ˣ
ڳŵĴӣ¬ϻ˵üһġ
ټϣڴſ־磬¬ΪŮˣôҲӲܡ
ȻֻſڿĵȰ⡣
ֻǣҲ֪ʲôаˣ˵Ҳǵĵģֻ˵Щʲôβεģ¬Ҳһͷˮ
ֵòɿ¬Ҳ֪Ȱʱ򣬼ˣ¬ɲһô
æżСүүôˣУԸǲôүȥģ
ûȼش¬ϵĻأȿ˼Ȼֿ˼ŵ۾Խˣǰһס죬ʵ϶㲻ȥӺأ
⻰ﶼһľоҪˡ
ֺҲ˼˵˲䣬ֺҲѾˡ
ôˣⲻôֺҲܾˣͻȻҲЩϲǿӣЩɡ
ھʲôˣű游˽ܻɡ
ֺɵؿ˼һۣﻳɣԼֵøԼ׵ƨɣֺҲϰˡ
ֺôҲû뵽⿴ĵһӦסû¾ͺá
ƨҲǵһˣԼֺҲûʳԼ׵ַʲô飬ҼҪʱҪԼ˵ġ
ԺһֱĵòУһֱȥǶۿֺƫƫ϶Ҳ֪ŷ˵ʲôԸȥ
ĺ޲ýЩ˶ɱˡ
ĺȻȥЩƣɫȴǲܲϲ
оǼֺǽٺһ㡣
ҲԲǼ򵥵Ľѣ¹Ľѡ
ЩζҪȷſңֺѲֻε˵
վͽȥ˵ģû취ϴټϿﻹԼ֮ģֺһζ
Լȥ˵ˡ
Ǽֺô˵ˣҲԸſֺֻһֱżֺ
ֺ룬⵹ôˡ
յѾЩˣֺͻȻ͸оԼļϺһЩʪ⣬ͻȻʶԼ׵òڿޡ
⡭ʲôĴ£ƤԼ׵ޣֺϼ䡣
ȴˣɿ˼ֺװһûһ㣬͵͵ԼӲһѱᡣ
żֺҿһۣȷϼֺȷʵûʲô飬˵û¾ͺãԺۻǲʲôʲӵĿƾˡ
˵ţֵ˼һۡ
ƾ٣ֺԽЩͷˣǺ«ʲôҩ
ĵֺ·ʾֺ˵ȥˡ
ֺֻܺ˼䣬Ȼʼôˣ
ţⲻĺĺô
һΡҪʼ˵Ǹֻһͷۡ
Ҫ˼Ǹаôô˵棬ѸԼӣá
ÿȦ¶ѾˣвҲòᡣɲϣֶҲĺ󳾡
æϵҲôˣĵպ˵ɣúȥϴɡ
Ե飬ȻҪֺԼǸΣɼ˵úȥϴҲźȷʵһˣ⵹Ҳ˵ʲô
æżֺȥȥϴ
ӺЩˡǾõȸֺԤ롣

ԭ˵Ϊ游ͬһΣڿƾٵʱڿ˷纮˼ȥˡ游пܣŽȥμӿƾˡ
ǼֺٴҲû뵽Լ׵ȻΪôһ顣游ôܡ
ڼֺԼ游ǶӢһˣΪһΣεԼȥ˾ͲԼȥƿҪԼ׵ֹԼƿ
ֺ붼òܣ游Ӳ̫ˡ
ʲôΪƾɥһԤ֪ΣֺǰҲŵġ
ϾǰӹҲƽƽؿ˿ƾ١
ο˵ոǿһǶûġ
񣬻ᶳˣ
ֺǲŵġ
οΪһ纮ȥ
ԣҲÿ϶ٽ游塣Ҳ̾˿ֻΪǸΣ˶ˣҲܴ̼
ֺͼ˱˽ö⣬ֻϸͼ⣬ס˵
ȼֺϴ¬Ҳ͵ˡ
ȻҪֺһǸΣȻٸֺǿһ飬ԺʲôƾˣؼҼ̳оλˡ
˵Ԥ֪Σ¬ϵЦ˵أȥʱһƽҪϣҲİ
ϱϰףĸȥʱеŮԳҪȥһһУҲһİġ
ȥԣֲ¬ΪȻҪףȥһ
ɣҲô̥ķɸ
ֻǣ¬еʱ򣬴ĶϢҪ¬һȥ㣬˺ϳһңһȥˡ
ԭ¬ϻе벻ף⼸ǸԵʱҲ࣬˵ǵݣҲѰ˼һ𣬿ɵûƽǰġ
ֺοҪʱȥ
ȵʾ彫ƽ¬ϵʱ¬׹ׯ轣湫ء
ҪһǼ٣̽СֺĻ档
ԭͿüֺŮֺֿǿذףŸԵǰֶǵһۼĸԵİҲˣȻԽüֺˡ
¬ȻϲСҪ˵óϱȻ
ƫƫֻǺĻ£Ȼġ
¬ϽǸƽʱҲ΢Щ֡
ڵǺˣˣ׵أȻǿԼˡ
¬ϲ⵱żƽ˼ֺ
ţǼŻ²׵Ҳãʱ;ܾ
ƫƫӶֻмֺǷƽ
һ¬Ҫֺƽ˵ǳˣˣҲǵüֺ²ǣٵһͷ


136 
ֺôЩӵģ˵ǰûɹ飬ôŮ󷽵飬Ҳô֪һġ
ȻûиǰһǰϸҲûʲôŮ겻ͬϯҲ޷֮Ĺء
Ů֮以һ㶫ֻҪǵųǵ棬·ģǱҲûʲôϵ
ɵƽҪģǹ·ģɵȴҲյġ
ֺôҲ֪һ㣬ƽҪˣҲǣˡ
ֺӼҲûӴͬĹ
Ҫ˵óδϱֺҲġ
һ£˴æ£׵һĬǲŸء
ԣǼüֺµʱ򣬼ֺҲЩɣҴ¬ӹǸƽ
ȴʲô֪Ǽеƽôƽƽġ
˵ţ⻹¬ƽԸֺϵˣһϵһֹҲȥҲƽ÷汣㣬ˣҪȻҲȥһõ˼Ҳ㣿
ֵģ¬϶ȥˡ
¬ԱС˵磬֪ƽʲôô
ͣĶЩ£ʲô壿ǻӺƽô
Ҫǰ¬ڵ״̬ǾͷĺߣӼԥüֺƽʱ͸֪ʲôء
¬ȻҲü׵ظֺ£Ȼ˾ǣθźʹɩ͡
磬ƽͺδŮ
δŮһһֺѾ˴ˡ
¬⻰ѾʾˣٴҲӦˣҪֺϵƽһ٣Ȼʼϵһƽ
Ȼڨڨ˵ǸùҲҪү̶̫̫ġ
֪֮棬ǾƵһҲûʲô˸ҳƵڶġ
úܣһ竣պҪŶӵģֻ£ûʲôʸģǼֺ׵Ҳһ
˵ֲһЩɲǼĳӣٹδļ̳ءһڸĸǾϸѡġ
ɲġ
ҪǴȥϱ
¬һȴҲԼӣȷʵںĻҲ岻ʲôֻ֣˵ǼˣҾȽöƽͻȥˣҺҲء
ֺͳ嶼ûأڹ꣬ȳ弰Ƕü
Ȼ˾ǣҲȥְˣǸʱڣ̸£Ҳüֺαء

գ͵˸ԷŰʱˡ
죬⼸ǸֺӰ룬ڼֺ߶üֺڲμʲôʲӵĿƾˣϽؼȥ
ֺǹ˼ż˵ļ⿴Ӷ̫ˣٽһôҲá
ԣֺֻܺ
ԺԻмأȰѼŪסǡ
ֺЩڼ⿴ǾǺѾͬⲻƾ٣ؼҼ̳оλˡ
ʵƼ
ΪֺƾٲǼгǵıȣΪճʹкУűƲȥƾٵġ
˼ִƵĻԺͲóƾٵĿˣǶôõ飬ôܾ
ɵȵԷŰʱ򣬼ֺΪһԣһѡ֣г񣬿ɼֺҪȥһġ
ڼ뷨ȴǷ㶼ԺڲμԺĿƾˣǻʲôʲӵĳɼ
Ϊպٹļ̳ˣͯͲͯʲôأ
Եֺ˵Ҫȥɼʱ򣬼⻹΢Щ⡣
мԱȰţֺһȥΪѵظżֺһ𿴳ɼ
û뵽ԼҶЩеǿȥҲм棬ŸոյѾвԼҶӴкˣ϶ǱԼҶҪģһЩͶˡ
ͿˣʼֺǷаտһ
֪Ǽֺ׵ʱмȻ𾴵ģֱз̵ֺĺ
ʲôϷ
ʲôӢš
ʲô׳ʤ
ȿʼʱ򣬼⻹Щ֣ǵ棬ֻĬĬرǵĿޣ󣬼ֻã
Щ˻ܿ䡣
ôˣô໰ûظģûرغ
ǵһθܵ˶ѽԭܿ˿ô䡣
Դˣֻ˵Ƕ伸䣬ҳܵס
̵ģžֻ뷭ۣҪ˵ԺúˣȺֻڣ˭㡣
ȵŰʱǴС˶ûǰͷҵֺ֣Ѿںˣǽֺһǽֺ
Ե˵ֺ㶼֪ǵһ棬Ǹվŵġ
˵ٹҵĹӣ
ɲǣǴ˼ңȻͬԵĲ˵ǵ׵òƾǰƸո˾ˡ
Ƿۣ˿ɧĳҲýСȥһˣѾ֪ĳɼˡ
˵ţ˵úö飬Ҳúö飬ȡһ˫ʿ
ޣ϶˵ʲôһʱˣҪƾ٣ҹܲţɲҪҵĺ
ޣϴƽ㣬˵ҲͰˣպø԰ףͯĹˣұ˵ϼ䡣
Ҳŭˣʲôд˺ǰǴ˺
úõһĺӣƫƫ˱һŲúƾ١
Žд
ѾˣȻ˾ǣȻҪүǰúõظһ״ϴȻҵƾ٣϶ôһٰӲǡ
Ҫִͬʲô⾯ؿ縸֪𣿡
ҲˣЩˣ춼֪ʲôģƤغܡ
ãҪܣԼһܳ
ƫƫֻɣҪ˵ãúȥƾٰɣ
ǸƤ䣬һ仰ֹҪȥƾٵأ
ôźȰգŽȰõġ
Ȼ˵Ѿһذ׺͸԰ˣԺԱȻҲǰ϶ðף֪ʲôСԪʣɲһεˡ
ҿɲʲôСԪֲֹһΣүεͬسҲܣɲȥˣ˼ңѵȱһ
Ҫ֪ǹµĳʲô
¶ģȻ˾Ǳүһٲǡ
ҲǼûү٣֪үǰӵȻڻڳ


137 
ֺȴ˵ִС˵ɹˣ
ͷֺǵһͼҴҵܻˣԼûȥأλ˵Σ
ֺ뵽ʱѾôˣȴǵԾģ̾˿ȥΰɡ
˵ԵĹһԿˣôֱԽǰǲܴ򿪿Ĵŵġ
ôֶǸӣЩвŵġ
иôǺùǵܻڣǰ;ǿ϶û˵ġ
ԣʱڿϣѲĹԱɫ죬˫ȶڵʱֱӾŵòС
ǣ֪Щ£ˣȥЪš
ûд򣬿ҩȴеģòźţײиô
ֻһ뿪Ŀ࣬ΪʾƽƵĳɼҲֻˡ
һƵĳɼʲôɽڣֺοûأ
οʲô˼ңһССĹ˵ʲô
˵ģЩǮƣϰٸְˡ
٣ٿ϶ġ
˭ϵӲϢ۵ģҲȰǵÿ긮ԡ
ʵЩͷ
үҪǿ飬ǿ϶䲻źá
廹סҪȻĿԣǵʱûϣҲóԹ䡣
ΪˣЩǲ⣬ˡ
ֺھͺĿڸڣԵҲ֪㶯ģҲ͸ӲΪ
ƼˣǼֺԼֺ϶ھԼŲȥʱ򣬾ҿˡ
ԻܿܶΣȴֻһεġ
οҲʮ߰꣬ʱһ꿼ʲôϵ
Ҳֹ˼ҡ
Ӧҵ֧ΪĶˣ˵ӦҲǺӵġ
ΪˣֺŻԽò⡣
ֺţѾܻˣүҲˣһ
ֺʱʱڶʱѾԺˣ״̬Ȼܿϣ˵һȴҲܿȷʵЩѧ
СʲôԺҲˣתͷֺ˵ңǵһֿ㡣
̫ӹϵãڹж붫Ϊѣ԰ļ⣬ȻǶûʲôӡġ
λ̫̫ʷϵףҲһ
ֻ˵֣Ѿʼˬˣ֡
ֱ˵һˣҾ֪ü۵ӣȻǿġ
ϴ㶼û֪üۣԭڸⳳأô˵æ̧ܵ
ϣһ֪Ǽҵ˳öüۡһҭǿʶ
ŶɾǸܴˣ˼ǽһٷ硣һ
û˼ңҾ;üۡӲ
һлˣһҪ
û뵽Լ˵ᣬûþˡ
Ҫżֺؾȥͼֺʵǲ֪ʲôɣͲ˵ˡ
ʱһӣǳֳɵɡ
Ӵµ˼ҪɻˣֿٹȥμӣΪͬƵĺ
ҺôǼּҵףʷڣ˼Ҷصˡ
˶ھǣǵҲһҪȥҲԴϺǡ
Ҷڽǣ϶û˼ҸոյûգǱʰؾǵġ
ٲֱ˵л˵ǹⲻμӻġ
ҺͼּңҲûеֱ˺ĳ̶ȡ
οԭгҲͻûǼ֣ɻû취ֻܴϲȥ
Ҫˣֺԭд֣⻰һ٣϶һī㣬ԭúõһֱ֣Ӿͻˡ
ֺʹǸĴȻ֪Ѿ;ƿ֮Ǻúñǿܻܶꡣ
£ôȻɻ飬Щˡ
ϾӸԵڣҲһ£гԲ˲ಹҩɵҲô̶̵ʱڵ
ǼֺϢ
ôҴҵĸү񣬾˵Ϊ˳ϲ˵ұѰĴҲûκүϲô
ԭҴĻ£׼ʱ䡣
ҵ׸ҲǳЩڹгţҲûӺպա
ּһ˼ңбʱ˵ּϵ඼ûϴɾֿݲŷչġ
ԣԭһֱûжף뿼Ժ˹ҲһŮ
ǸӣѾǳϦ
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139 
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Ȼ˭˵ˣģ¾ôˣǲ۰ӵĸˣ㶨˰ɣ


141 
ԣؿ˼һۣû뵽⾹Ȼǵöˡ
⻹治Ǵı塣
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ǰѼֺĿַġ


143 
ȵſڵѾȥ˴֮ҲѾʼˣߵĵƱζżֺҲýȥˡ
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144 
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ȴûмôֻ࣬ɻ֪ĳɼģѲɣúĬԾ
ĬԾһ±֪ǵһ˵
ΪΣ
ƾҲǹԱ˵һ֪ʵ
Ҳȼش𣬼˵ȥǽδã߹ֲ̫ƽ񣬰֮лЩġǽ֮أܳһСС͵СԪ֪ѧ˵һ
ԣΪԼҲȻ׵λã֮󲹳
ҲһҪҴεġֺǫ
ȷʵÿΣѵԼĲУļֺļʵ
ֺȻҲǾԼܵðףԱҲǫ顣
Ȱ񵥳Ժ󣬹Ȼֺȷʵǵһ
ֻذ񵥳ʱȴһЩɵ
⣬ҸԺԵʱǰéԺԣҲºʫдöΪûУ
ԣҲǣҵѧѧģǶ˵ˣɡ
װɣУҪԾ
ŵϾֻôϵ˱ռ
һҲ㶼ʼãԼܿϵģΪοϵǸ˲Լ
ɲȺ鼤ô
֪λ̨һʫʲôΪģֺ߹ȥʵһ˵ġ
ȻɽΪģ򵥵ĿѲɻῴˣ˷߷߲ƽ˵
ֻһ˵ܱ꣬߾Щ¶˻Ȼı


145 
ٴһͣΧֵЩƾٵҲˡ
ЩֵԼûĿſòأ⻹֣
Χ۵˶ȥˣ׷ָָЩԭֵЩ޵ˣҲڻʰǰˣֻ뿪ˡ
ǵһʱڼֺԱλҲˡ
˿ֺٲֵֺк
Ҫ˵ԭֺֻǰԼһѶѣȻҲǸмȴҲûмĵز
ȷʵһˡ
ˡ
ڼֺ˵ǵСԪҲϺÿһЩ
ȷʵûʲôʵϵİڻгϣŮѡ
ɶλԣȴǼʿ׼ȥһ
ǼҵزҪٽ˰ĸĸֵܲҪٷۣĽиƣҲΪ˭һڷˡ
úͳɵֶŮҲΪţܼһ˼ҡ
ԺǼعٶٹˡ
ԭΪŴοƿ˼󲿷ֵǮƣеɩѾ΢΢ˣҲû˺ɫ
ȴɩÿﶼϲЦտˡ
ҲΪţ߿ۣǼҲ˻Ȩ
ҲζպٽſȥǿϣҲܿһ˽Ӻڶˡ
˵֮Ҳ˶ˣȻԽҪлֺһ
ֻҲˣֺǿٹĹˣǼǵ΢ļҵȻǲóʲôлֺġ
ο˼ҲһҪҲֻܰѸм֮
ǣȻ˼ҡ
ȻҲҪиġ
Ҹոտ˻ʰ񣬼ֵǵһδϲֵܸ˰أֵܾСԪˣӢ۳š˿
ҿɵ˵ͬϲͬϲˣҿҲˡֺԭǲֵ֪ģʰкŵġ
ֺãư֮󣬱֪ԼԱλˣҲ֪λܡ
ҲðˣܿУöлֵءæ˵
Ҳ̨ԼʵֺЦЦ˵
ҲǿԼҲӰˣųڰæġ
ֺҲֻһ仰飬λֵܿУҲԭѧʵ
λֲ˼ͷȻֵֺܲأǿСԪǽ긮ô꣬мСԪءˣֵܣǰʮӦһӿã㵽ʱҪһô
ȻһûǮ⵽Ϊֺ˰׵ĽȻҪȥġ
ֺû˵أ˵ȻҪȥģʱǺһȥ
ԭλҲһ䣬ϾӶٹ˵ʵҲ㲻ʲô
˼ܺԼһȥҲֻи˵ķݡ
λǡſ⣬æʵ
Ŷ˸ֽܣҰֺæ˵
ģֱ͸Լһһ㣬Ҳˣڴء
ĶӣȴѾСԪˡ
пһִ˹Ȼǽз
СǸ竣Ҳûô˿ҲǽЩ꣬ʿ˿
ο⣬зǾǵһΡ
ˣⲻøȸһô
б˼һۣչ¶һɫȻλ̸
СҰг̫үĹ١
㹬ӣҲͷһؼ
ԭ˵ʱ򶼴ŵСԼ˵ľ仰˼ⲻ졣
Ϊһ׾ͿʼֵӵܣֵײҲ˽úܣֻ仰⿪˷һ˼ؿʼͺ
ԭڼ⿴ţСԪҲһƹˡ
СԪĵײտǾʵڲһˡ
Ǵ壬˵򣬼ûгһСԪ
ţǴҲֻˡ
ԣɲʹĿֺ
ҲǱ˺ܾãʶԼҺ
Լҵĺô˰ף⻹ʲôʲӵСԪǱ˶
һʱ֮ЩƮƮȻԼִƺʷϵͬ⣬һ¶ˡ
ţ϶ͯﶼôϯأԼҶӿţСԪⲻô죿
һ˼ֺһ
ƫƫҲãСԪֱǼּͷһݣܲһأ
ⲻչʾּ˲űĺʱô
ԭԸϰ߶ȫֵͬܣƽ뷨Ҳȫͬ
ͷһأֵ뵽һȥˡ
һļϣҪ쳡ġ
ȼֺѧͼ˶ѾˣҪΰˣͲùܼȥˡ
˵ֺҲǼģ룬ԼһţҪϯ˼ɹ
ռͼ˼ðյˮϯֺ;еơ
ûƵġ
ۣͼ룬ȰֺǾ߳ܡ
ⲻĥƤȰͼ
󣬼ֺɫֻ˵Ҫͼͼ죬Լǿ϶ġ
ôţͼΪѣ˵ˡ
Ÿո˵ͨˣͼּҵ鳤ˡ
峤˼Ҳ˵Ҫϯ
οմ˼ֺǵĹ⣬һԺԼּﾹȻš
Ǹֺĸ
ڽּ˵ǾǴϽͷһأ峤ϲЦտ
峤ǾЩմ˼ֺſš
峤˼ǣϲ飬ôܲϯ˳㿪棬أ
峤˼ǣֿϯҲʵ̫鷳ЩԵò¡ء
棬һһ
ַ㡣
飬ǼŵģȻûʲô
ԣ峤ʵļֺ
Ҫ˵Լһ˰һǼֺǲġ
һ죬ֺЩˡ
Ͼһ죬ֺǲԸ⣬ǱҲֻֿܡ
һǼֺ죬ԴҶˡ
һţǰй״Ԫļֺ˵ȻûʲôǶļּ˵ȴѾŬ˺ܾ֮ĳɹˡ
ŬôãƺһϯҫҲ
Ϊֺǰ첻ˣǼֺҲǳˡ
ڶֿܱǣƲֺһ
ʮԭΪǲˣʼ֡
ǣֺһ죬ҲýΪٹĹүǣء
һд
ֺû취ˣֻǿ⣬ͬⳡϯ
һ˵ֺͬͼһ߸ߡ
ΪȷܰþƾҪҲҪ뷨
⻹峤˵ˣеĻٹˡ


146 
ΪǿţѰ˼˵Ѿǹҫˡ
οһţʢǾǵһΡ
峤Ҳýһ֧˸ˣܲһڣĴϲ¸ǻ㱨һ¡
Ҳּ֪ңĴ£ѾԽԽˡ
ԣֺһͬ峤ʹ˿ãȴɨʱʱҲԵһЩ
мǶй涨ǹģЩԭڿⷿģҲ׼ûȱ©ġ
ЩŪ꣬ҪɨϷʱĵ
峤ǱæµĺܣٹҲЪš
Ϊż峤˼Ҫˮϯġ
ⲻ˵Σɵ׾Ҫ׼ʳĶ֪Ҫ١
ǰˮϯּĴ˼ңȻǲܵʱ˳Եһ룬ŷֲ˲ġ
ǲǼּҶˣٹҲ϶Ƕ˵ġ
ԣ⼸գٹĹܼʮɵǣæýŲմصģǷͶʮͷ
Ҳ֮ǰüֺڽЩׯӣׯϵĲܵϲٵĶ
Ҳ֪Ǽ⻹ǼӻϵõϲǮǰϯҲ԰
ҲҪ˶Ǯǵֲ١
Ǳһ⣬ԺڴſЩǮðҲɢһɢϲ
ôţȻҪˣȻҪԽһЩǲܽ档
ԣ⻹һ˽ЩˣӣöǼ˼ġ
ʶģ״ԪڵģӦּġ
ЩӲӵͭͷȥʱɢſڵİһݡ
Щ״ԪڵģҲ͸СǣҲǶǱˡ
ԭôӣҲҪٵʱ䣬ҪüҲٹĴ˼ҪЩǲǲҵˡ
ԭüĴӣɫŶˡ
һ·ų˶ֻź˷Ű
峤ȻǵʲõͼݸһЩΪߡ
֮Ǽֺ˿ŵˡ
ԭǵı֣Щ˵վͷȥܻվżͷȥ
ǣ˹ټҲǼһŵˣվǰͷ
ҲǼֺԭھΪճҲվǰͷģȻô˵ע£ҲҪܡ
ֺߵļƽҲһֱȵúܣȴֶ
ˡ
ٲƱϣˣֹˡ
Ĵ¹ȥˣǾǻֵʱˡ
Ϊ£⻹Ϸӡ
˵ǽõϷӣҲǼƴֵܰ˸ˡ
Ҫ˵ԭû˿ģƴǵģҲôȼˡ
峤ʵǶ˼θڣſһЩϷʱ򣬵峤ȵ㡣
峤ȥٹľأȻҪһЩ峤Ըȵ㣬ֻҪƸ
Ҳ˵ǳȻ㡣
峤ƴǲŵһ尰ʮ״ԪϷ
Ȼ󣬼ͼָԵһۣżֺ˶һۡ
꣬ұ㿪ʼſϷˡ
Ҳûʲô尰ʮ״ԪϷֻ˸ص״ԪţͷҲ
ǵϷˣϷ˹尾Ȼǰʮ״ԪϷ˼ҲƵǲͨ񣬲Ÿ߰˶
ϷҲȷʵǶҪ֮Ժ㡣
ٺãҲֵһʵ尰ʮ״Ԫ
ⱾΪЩΣЩš
ԭļ⵹ҲںܲܿС
ⲻΪ֮ҲһֱޣⱻҲҲ֪һЩнʿĺô
⵹ҲеԼҺˣؿõͷҲʹһ㡣
ݵλߣȻҲǲҪչ˱˵ĸܣҲҴţɫҲԲÿһЩ
峤ԭϷʱ
Ҳûж룬ֻϷҲеζҲԼһСǡ
ɫ峤ʶԼϷ
尿ǰʮе״ԪںǼոտţζʵǺòȥˡ
峤Ҳʹˣһ֮£Խ֪νˡ
ҡ
Ϸ̨ѽѽسţʵַǷϷ̨ӵ£ȴΪɫѿһʱ֮䣬Ҷûʲô
ǼˣΪǽյǣԾڵһţͣü˶Щ޴룬Ѱˡ
ֺȥոҪգ洫һĳǵ尵ĵӣʮ״ԪǿӢ۳갡ⲻӦ˽ⳡô
һ˵һĿ˼ֺͼȼϡ
ҲǴɣοϵļ궼ЦЩ˵ɫҲúÿࡣ
õף˭ϲأ
ԭζ͵գҲڿˡ
Ϸ̨վɳţȴҲˡ
Ԣ⵹ǺãҲǼҵĺǣܸ˽ʿءҲһԲ
ֺȴǿ˵һģҵû㡣
˴һѣڲ۵ĵطмʮ־ȡ
˵ģڷüĿŵһģ
ո̸֮͸¶ѧʶ˾϶ǳ֮
˵Ӧּһ۾ͻסģɼֺڽҲǺܾˣҲǻе죬ȴûˡ
ĳռǼּҵˣҲ㲻һ˵ԼǼּҵˣȴ㾽ȣֻƵ
ģüֺ˼֡
ֳʮֵķ£֪ΪΣֺȴǿȴЩŤҲ˵֡
ʱ峤վ͵Ǹͬһ֧ҲǼͬڣֻиĸҲǸӣţǼڡ
֮ǾһˣԽļ磬Ҳˡ
ֺԺȴһ㶣һˣǸ鷸ƣǶҲͶһΣա
֮ڸҲ֮١
ͻȻðһˣ͸˼ڣǲ˶ϼֻɡ
ŵ£в˽ˣ˿ʼɣֻ峤˽ӣ峤λġ
峤ҲҴţֻЦ˵ȻᣬȴѾǾˣҲǿѧʶҲýӢûˡ
˵ѾǾˣһ
ģҲͼ֮꣬ѾǾˣ⵹Ҫȼ֡
峤⻰Ѿ˵ĺˣǼɬּ֧֣ΪˣٻּҶѡ


147 
ƾٻ޸ĸҲûʲôֵðģȻʵϵҲܿ
Ͽȷʵ޴
Ǵӽ굽һ·ϵĻѣǾѾһˡ
˵ӿԿʼԽھסһ£Ǵ󣬾Ӳףԭǵˮƽ͸ߣ˵Ƕʱ䣬ǿջǼ۵ʱ
ǿջһס
ľȣȻҲǴղʲôǮϿ
ּڵҲǺ飬ԺҲһǿ壬ֿṩǮƣϿΪṩ
ǣֺȴԽԽЩ̫Ծ
壬Ѿһˡ
׻˵ţˡ
Ϊƿʵȷʵкܶ࣬Ͼ˵Ѿʿһ׼Ҳ⸳˰ˣɵҲࡣ
ƿĻ־޴ЩԼֻŹҿļĶأȷʵҲкܶġ
˾ǲͬˡ
˵ǿȫۣصĸ˰ҲҪŶ˺ܶࡣ
ǾҲܱټһѾþ˳Ϊڶİͽˡ
ԣֻҪһоˣвٵĸͽᣬͷӣصĶⶼĺϷ롣
ЩҲҪЩ½ľʲôֻھǰָѡ
һ㶼ǲܸ·϶вġ
㣬ʵüֺЩ
ֺԼϵʱҲͲˡ
˵һѾˣ֪Ƕ̵һλˣŵٳȴʲôҲǡ
˽ʿҲվɵôƷС˴ĺԺվҲֻھⷿס
οĽʿԺȥֻܱŵأȻͿʼӣһҲƷ
ǱżּҵôǾֲһˡ
ǼּҲṩκΰֻҪٹͷڣڹԱ˺Ǩʱû˸ҸʹӣܽǨǰС
ʲôڣʲôҾƶΪǵӹİɡ
ҲѾ⹦ڱˡ
һ¼幦ЩȴҲûôˡ
ͼֺ˼Ѿ̸ˡ
Ҳʮ׵ģ⼸֮У˵õģλߵģǱȻǼ⸸ӡ
Ҳ˵һ۲۵竡
Ҳ֪Լ绨ȸһڼǰŪѧʶҲǲԼġ
ƫƫֻЩǿԼĲŻֶܴ
ֺ̫СãͶʼֺĻر̫
ǵǼ
ҲٹΨĹӣ¬ҵŮ
ҼҲһˣҲζ֮϶йͬĻ⡣
ʱٶڼǰŪһ²ѧż¬ңٹǰ;ָտɴ
ҲһѽʵˣټмĿС
ûãѾ̸ˡ
ȵ̨ϵϷĻҵʱ̵ʱ򣬼ǼƲѾͬĪ֮ˡ
ȥ·ϣֺһ˵壬ˡ
ֺû˵꣬Ц˵ǲҪ˵Կźǿ
ֺһ㶣ǵģô֪
ǹģҲ඼дˣ˭˵˵
֣׾ȨȦﳤģǼ⣬ڻʵ۸ǰŵϺš
ڼͼǰͽҲǣο˼ء
÷ƾ죬Ц˵ãһΣ
˵õҲûֺҲ֪Ĵ㣬˵ףּҵĸ϶佫ߡ
ĳȷʵҲ̫١
˵Ҳвٵĳɵ׼ּҵҲ߯Щ
պͼֺҪ;ģи˰ĵҲ
ֻǣǿˣͬŷһ㣬ǷݵҲˣݲεС
Ҳû뵽ӽ˳ûգѾʼֵܣֻˡ
ôһüַŴ˲١
Ȼӽүףǲǻ١һأ
ٹλ̫̫ǲ֪¡ολ붫ĹϵҲʮС
һǶԼ˵Ƕһ·
λǼֱݡ
λСһЩҲ֪ԼȥύλҲġ
ԣ뵽һӡ
۲˼ֺãڼ忴ֺԪȻλʴӱԭڡ
϶ҲٲʦĽ̵ֺܶӵܶ顣
ǣλ˵ʦǾ̫
λڽ̵꣬ʦûУݼ۲죬ƽλԼһ˶ġ
ҲǣȻҲѾǾˣ׻һء
οƽ̸ҲܿѧʿʿǲʵȻڸö顣
Ǿ͸Ӳʱ佻λˡ
꣬Զ׼Ҳûʲô
ԣţԼ˵ĹͱȼʵѧʣֺʱȵӦǴ´ġ
Ҳʱ䣬ֺùϵ
̵ֺܶһõĶ뽫̵ֺķڷˣ̫ʱ򣬲Լֵʱô
׵ˣڲܣҿֶԼ飬Ҳû˽̵ģ
ûϵһ㶣ȻЦ˵ԼѧҲ͹ˡ
Ȼ尵һƽıֶǰѺһ㡣
漰ǰ;ʱ򣬼ⲻǻ˵ֻҪԼѧˣñ˽ô
²Ҳ֪ˣֺǰͣŸոţĲҪ˽̡
ǼԼǰ;ҪԼأȻǲ˽ؽ̵ֶˡ
ҪԼֺ̼飬ڼҲиӡء
ôţԽԼЩգ־ã䵱ڽΣ
û뵽ȻĴ㣬ôҲǼòԵҲظ˵ǼҺԼҪʲôԸԼȥ˵һ˵
⻹治ǣԸֺ̼
ڼĿУһֱǺСѧǿǲġ
ԭʱ򣬼Ҳڽû˽̵ʱ򹦿˲˸ô졣
Լȥһ̺
ȼУ˺Ժŷ֣ѧʱʵһЩ
ټϺȻ˵˲ҪȻҲǱŸ


148 
ЩȻ֪ҰĲСҲվɱֳĲŻ۷
ҲûôӲؾܾ壬ֻԼС˵ȥڸʲôǲæһˡ
ԭţܾ˼壬ǼȻҲپ
ʵڶԼаյؽƶûʦ̵£;˾ˡ
ԼǾˣ̲˼ֺ
곿ţЩֺûн̵ˣѾ˺ܶ⡣
Լ˵Ǽֺ϶Ը⡣
岻֪ǣǰͷиڼּѧһʺء
ΪѧλֺԭͶҰĴЩϲС˵𣬼Լ
ⲻغϵһȥô
һپˣһѧɲţһ뵱ʦ
ֺԼֶ֡
ټϣֺԼѧʿɱȼöˣԸüԼ
ֺԭֱӻؾ˵ģǺôţüǿС˵
ȥͼ˵ҵҲҪ̵֮ˣǺΪʦǿȥѧǶ̵һ
ΪʺǰͷֺԼȻϲ⻰Ҳô
ǶԭһֱΪֺһģû뵽ǣȴС˴ôһ仰
ֺ⻰ȷʵôԵС˸Ժһʱ֮鷿նЩ͡
죬ŷӦȻǲԼֶʲôġ
ԭҲȷʵҪ̵ںǶԸŸҲ
ֻЦŴǺΪʦҼˣǿԸǼɡ
ǿмһЦЦ˵ҿɾ͸˵ˣպұȻҪӵʦˡ
Ц˼ԭ͵ձˣҲЦ
һжڵģǸո͵ĳûһ㡣
ԭ۾Ͳ󣬲Ϊٹĸ֦Ըһ׺͵ģȴѾѼͼֺˡ
ֺǶǺ޼ֺȻôҲһˣֺ̼Ҳǿڼֺȷʵݸߵķϡ
ɼֺǻ˼⻹Լǽ齳ˣ
˵ˣǻʲôζ
ɻͼ´أȵɵʱҲԺˡ
⻰˼ǾԼԺҲ
ϻһ絭ģȴѾѼͼֺˡ
ţȽԼǼּҲڽŵˣȻҪ˽֮

ǾԺãôҲȵʱ÷纮Ըúȥ
ⲻԺҲô
Ϳʼǵôżֺؾȥˡ
ԭôֺҲΪӹʱЩǲ˳ŵ顣
ҲȥܾˣŶˣѵȥʱ
Ҳ£ֺһһʱ£׷Ī
ԣͿʼһֱҪؾȥ
ɼȴȰż⣬Ըüȥ
Ҳֳɵġ
һôһ˫Ů궼ûģģͷҲҵúܣ˵һ·Ҳ죬иһ
ⲻǣ֮ǰôǿ׳ˣδô
ոյʱ򣬿һȦ
絽ǸʱʹҲһЩˣټˬҲʺ·
ǵʱҲÿúٻȥ
ԼǽӴƾٵģȻ֪úܣԺˮƽһҲǿ˵ġ
̻Ϊ֪֮һǳһо˵ţ֪˵Ҳһ
ԣֻҪڽȥԣô΢һ㣬ǿںСԪ֪ԼϣҲкܴĸˡ
ְ׷ԲԵţòΡΡȥˡ
ĸӼѣǴӾѾΪˡ
ԼģȻ֪һƿĲס
Ǻ»ˣȻʲô˵
ǿأ
˵˼ңºûйҲ٣ٲãȥӪͷϼ꣬Ҳܵ佫
ʹ׻Сȣ·;ңԶģĥˣͺУ
ԼԸ˽úܣȻ֪ԼҪֱȰ£ǻֱȻֱӾܾ
ԣʹػս
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ɼԼԼĶӣһ˫ֶֶŮͻСأȻǲȵ·
ⲻЩڨڨģոҪ˵ż˵
ǣͺȥҲôġ
ϴ룬ϻʱδСʱ򲻽չ˲㣬֧ˡ
ֳһΪѵ˵ģҲܣ絹ˬһ㣬ǵʱͬһ·Ǹһ㡣
ôһ˵ҲмֵҪǲȥүǶҪżүȥԼҪү
Щԥ
⡭Ҫһߣԥʵ
￴ԥæʼųʤ׷
ңĻ£˵Ѿˣɶ׵Ǵ£вҪߣ׻Ҫͺء
״ЩΪѡ
Ժ󣬹ȻЩԥ
ǼˣصȥҪԼֻǽӺؼңȴڽô⣬ýԼء
ƽ޹ʸһ¾ˣҪǶ׵Ҳûã˺Ļ£ǼִŪԼ
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ȻҲпܲǰ
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ôһ˵Ҳã¸ոնʱ¶׵飬Լʹźȥġ
Ƕþܣ
οҲãȥôȵԼֵδҲȷʵԲ
ȷʵȥȽϺã
ʱҪߵҲˣҲˬˣԼȻҲҪٴźˡ
ںԵ飬ãֻҪԼţǿ϶ȥɰ
ڱȰ˵Ժļ⣬˼˲ӣҲı˼·ǾٵȵȣżһȥȽϺá
ֺԭʱ򣬵ҲûûҪ˻ȥҲûǸʵҪǣ͵Сһ㡣
һʱ򣬿ΪףҪѹһѹ˸οô죿
ֺԼĻҪԪһ˵뷨ġ
ֺοΪһоˣƻԼļƻء
ǣȰҲȷʵмֵ
βԣǾζ»ػٿ
Ժ󿼵Ҳûʲô⣬⻹ζԺ󻹵һ˽ꡣ
ҲͰˡ
еһ仰üֺˡ
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Ϊ׶ӣڼֺⱲӣ̶ʮѾ屻˶ٻˡ
ֺҲ֪Լ꿼ԣԼ׵Լ˾ǡ˵Լ׵ֳ֪ٵ۶
Ԫ»ضֺ֪ܲܿ϶ѡԪġ
ֺҲĶˣҲõؿȥȽϺá
ô˵˼ͼֺӶˡ
һźȥμҲͰˣһţԼ׵ҲúŪʱŪԼ׵ҲͰˡ
ǣֺû뵽ذȷʵǲôúŪ
ۼٽƫƫ˼֮ҲЩˣﵹǻãɵϣ±Щⲻסˡ
ţԼһԼұӾҪȥƾ٣޲һʮʱһ̲ضżֺ
ܷ˼ֺȥƾ١


149 
ûʲô֮Ů˫Ͳټ˵ϰס
ǶѾ˵Ů˫ſһЩҲ˵һһ֮ġ
ҲϾôѾ˻ˣ˫һҲڸҲäƼˡ
÷֮ĸ飬βơ
˶Сĺʱ򣬴ȻųͼֺӴ
ֱ͹ϵãƽҲƵͼֺЩҲԵ
ˣ˵ҲСģԼȥ԰һɡ¬Ц˵ǰ԰ľջˣǵȥһơ
¬Ҳٽһ¼ֺͳĸ飬ֻͺ䣬ʹ˼ֺͳԼȥ԰档
Ҳһ˵˵
ֺͳȵʱΪ˻Щ˼Ҳŵÿˡ
ֺЦ˵Ǽ԰ջҲϡ棬ֻǽĻ˼īպƣҲǺÿҴȥ
ֺһ˵һųȥ԰
ҲӸδϱ飬Ųҹš
ȻԻмգҲҪʱʱ̶̿ԼҶӣԼһۣԼҶӾȥԣμģҲʵ
˵ͻ˶ǸЩȥƷҲûĳֻҪ˵һ䣬Ȼ˽ЩƷֵĻȥ
ԣ˵ͻҲ˸ͷദ˵˵ҲͰˡ
ּҸ磬׼ˣһ
ԵʱҲٽˣԼҵδҪμԣȻҲǼǹϣֺȻҲһ¡
ȻˣֺҲʲôӵܡ
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ԵõҲûʲôֻҵǶֺ˶٣ֽ˵ҵ֪ĸ˵ĹһƵΣڿԵʱ⣬㲻Ըȥˡ
˾ʮֻơ
Ҳܵżֺ棬˵δĹʲôЩֹ
Щӣٽ֮ҵһֱңȥˣֺ̾˿죬еء
ֺ˵ЩҲǸ¿ˮǼŵֺҲڸԤ롣
Լ׵ټϣȻŵڴ϶ԼҲû˵
ԣٲŵֺҲԼҵ׵
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ֺǺ˵˵Ȱ˼⣬ûüԼ˯һŴ
ɼҲ¼ֺԼע⣬ܳȥԣӲر˺˯䣬˯䡣
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ȥԺ󣬾æȥҴˣǰһգȥҼּҲȾƣ¡
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ҲҺãǸԺһģԱҲüֺ˵ֻҪɸСȥͿˡ
˼⡣

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ģҲ֪ԼϴΰѼӲˣҪüҲǲס
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ԭЩɵģԼһСֲȽ˴Ŀ
ǿⷬģϴԼʹȾǻش˵Ļܲ²˵ʹ֮ķ޹ϵ
С⻰úá
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ֵܾͲҪǺȾơȴ˼⣬һƣȻ˵


150 
ϱӲرһƣһʱ֮Ҳ޴롣
ǣնеˣܲܿŴһ˺ƾưɣ
οǸԼֵܵĴ磬綼ģˣȻҲǲ˼ȡ
ټϼЩӲȾƣŵݹǱƣƮɢζĲ̲סˡ
ûã͡Ϊѡĺ˴ݹǱơ
ΪԼ׹ŮԸ飬ҲѪġ
ƣվǴղõĺþƣǴӾġ
ôǧشӾǴҲ֪Ѱܵõĺ
ֻһԭڸеľƳͶˡ
οһж
һ֮ҲͷſԼԭҺȾƣöźǵ뷨
ң⿴ŴԼһĹ򣬾Ѿ¶ˡ
ҴҲֻͷȾƣ˸ոոһ⣬Ҳ˵˵Ȱˡ
Ȼǲãġ
ֻǴȷʵ˼ܣƣְԼԳĺֵܣŻԼȾƵġ
ˣǺȾôѵԼԼĺֵܺȸ
ȣ磬һȡ´һֱƾŴһȡ
ô뵽ǿƵĻȥô鲻ǣ
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״ҲЩ֪롣
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ʱѾȵĽϦϦ֪ˡ
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ֺȻ֪ļƻǿոմǸģ΢Щġ
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ĵһӦǾҪѼ⡣
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ܣʲôأҺòװȵ㻹Ҫôȵ
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ҲܼķӦֻԹ˵ⲻϽ˶ȥţ˳ٸιһ밲ҩ
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ոҪŵĴͿſڵļֺ
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ֻСѾԼҪҪѾ
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ҲǼҲǺԲûֳѾͰ
СѾߵźºһ롰Ѿֺһ˲࣬Щ˯˹ȥ
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ؼҲ˯ˣĺ֢ҲѾȥˣѾ˵ʲôʱĹҲˡ
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ԭҲְǷƢģҲֻΪСѾǲģʱûá
СѾǹڵɪɪģ־ЩȤֻǳȥ
ڴϴһԵʱ
ˣأ
һ飬æƿӣҲ˲ЬҪȥֺڲڡ
ոճţͿȿΣٿ˿涼źڲء
¼ٴҲ׹ˣ˳ȥˡ
ãѾҲ֪ͨ˼
⿴Ҳ˲ֻżʵ϶أĶ鷿飿
磬ڿءƽֱ˵
ǣҲ͸˵ˣúȥ֪֪ȥԻΣգ
ʵͲµֺȥˣ׿˵⻰ŭɶغ۾żʵ
ȴż⾾Լӣƽ˵Ҫ˵ΪԵ÷纮
ԣεΪ纮ȥ۾˵
ǣԵ÷纮ļжСģѲԺúڼﵱһˣ⣬ҲⰡ
˵ǵˣɵҲûȫȫĿԣ˵ģ硭ԷǶҭء˵
˵ȷʵеټҲûصˣֻԼ˾ơ
οôЩ⵽Ҳ֪Ҫʱ򣬿϶Լֽȥ
ҲҺãԲͬǰ˵ǿ죬ɲǿһ
ֻڼźƽƽػ


151 
ֺʵøˣⲻֵô
˵ǼֺСЩɵѧ֪Ҫ³һͯԼټϼֺҲѹֺΡ
ԣֺص˽Ԫ
ԭڣ飬ż۵ģֺڼҲòһ
ɵȼ֪˽ԪϢ֮󣬾ţˡ
ǼҺǽԪ
Ԫʲôǿǽĵһ
϶秵أŵͦѧʵģⲻͻǸһô
Һǵһأ϶ǲŶ
Һڲż꣬ɣ϶ںôʱûʲӵ徭ء
ãԼԺڼǰǾֱˡ
ܰѼѹͷĴϲ£ãôŶôһ
ȫûô࣬ǿżֺģѼֺҲ͵׶һģгϢȻɣҪһȻҲͬġ
˵ּˣԪ
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ԣּҲҪúõĲٰһ
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ΪһСˣԼĸгϢҲζԼǰ;ҲԶһЩ
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ΪƾûģԽɻ˵㡣
硭ǸǼҵϯ棬Ҫ첻ˡ¬ĻԺЩε˵
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˵꣬ʵھʵڲʱҲ˵ʵ̫ˡ
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Ȼ֪ͨǣٹǺôҲȥһ
ɲȥ˵
Լȥȥνȴȥġ
飬úմȾϵʲôǿɾͲˡ
¬ԭҲƫԼҵĺӣҲ˵Ҳǣֻ˵ǼҺϲ̫ҲͰˡ


152 
ȥ䣬ܲٴ̵ȥٲԸҲûɫ·
ȼʰϣոҪţſֺſںˡ
ôϽȥɡ
ֺ֪Щע¼ֺ֪Ϣ֮ȥһ̡
˲ײɾ˵һ˹ҲԼҺ˽ԪɸΣ
ԣڿֺһ̾Ÿϼֺȥ
˵ˣšȥһ̡
Ȼﰵһȴǲɫﵽǲɾճˣȥ
⻰˵õҲϾֲֺʲôֱϵСҲڸոߵʱȥ
ɼֺȴǲԸ⣬ҸôҲʶһҲҪȥһ
ֺģͼ¬Ȱ˺þöûȰ
ûӣֻ˰Ѽֺƽùָֺϵˣüֺһȥˡ
ȵң㿴ųѾǰ㲻޵ɫֻȫ˰ɫ
˵һЩ
Ǹոսүӭͷ
λֶҲ˰үһޣһ˵УΪΪϢϼҴСԶ˭˵һгϢϷôȥˡҰ׷˺ڷˡ
ү˵ţֿæҪȰүͷȴǰȰүĪˣǻڣҲ᲻ôġ
Ҳٲðο˼䣬үֹס˿ޣҪżȥǰ㡣
˵ֺˣֺΪСֻڼͼһƬҲûע⵽
ֺվզͷԹţͦŴӰ⣬һĸͬĴ綼ֻϴһ㰧֮ɫˡ
Ȼ˵ǰ֮ɫ˵ϧϧԺԼԺһôܸɳϢĶ/ܵܣպԼֵʲôôˡ
˵үмְ֮ɫҲֻǿϧûһˣĲ˰ˡ
һȰүᣬֿʼ˽̸ˡ
үﰵͼ֮Ĺϵ
⵹Ҫһֵեɾˡ
һȺҪȥǰ㣬̱ڲߴ
Ĵ˼ңҲȻǶúܡ
һ㣬̱ҪһΣˣǶ۵Уο̻С
ӣ̵ɫѾҰ׵ĲУͷҲѾðϸܵĺˡ
¬Ͽֻס΢¡ӣҲȫʹ֮ɫЩġ
̫̫Ǽ̵׻̥أҪȻȥЪһЪ¬ϵҲֻˣҲȰֻ˵
Ҫ񲻺ÿ˷ҵôôˣ̫̫Ƕ̣ǾӵԹ
˵䣬̫̫Բסһۡ
ֻǵǵô͵棬ټ̺ôҲŸӣ̫̫Ҳõš
̫̫ǿ̵ҪǲԼȥЪţװʲôƽ˾Ǽ۸һ㡣
ߵѾԼ̾ίոҪ粵ͱĵһѡ
̶̫̫һ񣬵̫̫ϱȷʵ֧ŲסˣȥЪһЪ
˵ַ̲֮سһЦ¬Цһ¡
ȴҵ¬ϻǴЩŭ
ֻ˵Ҽǵõλ̸ոռ޽ңүҲЩʱֱ̫̫Լλϱ೤أǳ˶λ̵Ĵˡ
׶Ůˣֶǵϱģ¬Ͽǰ㣬Щ̷߷߲ƽ
˵ԭӹǣͲʺȥƿʵǼҲ֪ôģʲôʲӵĹмĺҪ
˵ţ뵽Լıӣֻżֺ˵ҪΪʲôʲӵĹ嶼ˣұܴĹȡ
ֺԭ뷴һ䣬ʵûмôգǿĵǣֺĻֻͷĺˣˡ

˵ʷϺΪΪǼ˷½Ϊ˺Ļ£飬ôǷһ㵣ǡ
ִȴΪǸͼһģһһֱŵ㵣ǵģֻǵʷϺͶϱ棬ִΪҳҲñ¶
ϾǱ¶Ҳͽ˼Ůĵǡ
ټϼִǳеسΪһүȻҲҪϲŭɫ
һ˼ִԼ⣬ҲûԵִ֪Ƶĵġ
ĳٲϣԹġ
ȻʵҲʥúܣҲһֱƽغܲ
ôһȻĹٺ佫Щ໥˳ۣɵҲûʲôìܡ
ȻճĺҲǲ̫еġ
ǼִĻʵĸ󳼣ĹҲ಻ǿиˣٶĺǿ϶ûеģ˵ʲôάˡ
ϾÿһĹٶҪģ˭ҲԸⱳʲôķеͷ
ɼִƽղ֪ô£һüĹЦظҲͰˡ
񣬻öҪһ䣬ֹүʵһ
滹üӼʲôϷʤ֮Ļ
⵹ǽмִʵЩͷԡ
ֱԨĴѧʿ˼ִƶǴżִһٿ䣬ֱ˵ִһӣ̸֮䣬Ľ֮⡣
λѧʿӣִҲ֪ģ˵СС;ͽѧ
룬ԼҶӼǶȥеš
ִ˼룬벻λѧʿĽԼʲôֻʣϸ磬ʲôһӣ
㲻֪ѧʿҲˡ
˵ִۡҲܿġ
и꿼ƾٵĺӣǧԭģⲻնۡԼҺûУ
⣬ִô֪Ƶģ
λѧʿҲû룬ֻǼִ֪ʣŶҫ䡣
ԭִС˵־λѧʿǿ϶ԸģⲻǣǼȷʵһĺô
ԣλѧʿԸżִһݣү֪ǶۡǼҺ˽Ԫ
˵ţλѧʿָпһ䣬ϵĽԪǽʿǰ϶ˡ
λѧʿɵ룬Լҵӣ˱صţԼ˲ʱգֺ㣬ССͣ˽ϵĽԪġ
òƼִҪһݣҲ


153 
ԪִһãȻ
ҪûǴԪǾ˵ͷһɡ
ǼҺ˾ˣ
ִΪһ߹٣佫ԿƾٵϵҲһ˽ģοﻹиҲǾˡ
ִȻ֪˵ôͯʼȻţȻˣôٿ˰ɡ
ִһԼǸΣһ£о˵ʱ򣬺޲д߰˷ҫԼ˾ˡ
˾дϲ£һϢûС
ִѾʼɣǲǺǲѾһձɽϢˡ
ҲΪˣȻǲдŸԼ˵о¡
ûаԼķԸúȥˣԼ岻飬ҲдŻ
ִôţԽˣӶ˵أͲιȥˡ
ԨĴѧʿԭŹϲһִƵģǿִΪԼ˵ĻԺɫÿ˼֣мֵĪ
ǣǴѧʿϸ룬־õҲܹġ
Ͼǰλһʵʵ佫
һ佫ϲԼҵƾ٣Ҳ⼸ֵġ
ѧʿȻãִʵһϹŰ壬ȻԼҶǰ̡
⵽˼ҵļѧʿõҲܹܵ顣
ѧʿ֪ǲȥ̫һϲأִʲôӡ
ִҲ£µ÷ţִֻоԼǰǰããһƬ·Լ˴ӵɥֳ
˼ִԭҲѾˣټϣִսɳʱҲ˲ٰˣҲʱв̫ʹʱ
ôһִƾúͷЩۣȻһתֱӾ˹ȥ
ˣ
ѧʿؿżִƵԼǰ⻹Ĵ⡣
ѧʿǿҵػɣִɡ
ǣİ
Ĺϲִưû˼
ִҲǣôһүȻôС㶼˵á
Ĺٺ佫άһ΢ƽΪԼһ仰佫еͷˣ
λѧʿѾ糯ʱҪֳʲôˣ
䲻ͣǶ𢣬ԴĽɽð
ѧʿԲһ£ԼѾΪˡ
ƷĹٸɵѧʿ֪λѧʿҲСˡ
ֻһĹ٣ӹҲúܡ
һѧʿЩίһֺ˼ΪԼòͣͿ̿
⣬Լⲻǳǧˣ
ĸ˲עԼ
ѧʿһ֮£ԼҲ˹ȥ
ԭִƺʹѧʿ˵ǾĴ⣬ټ˵ֶʲôһˡ
ôεڴͷⲻʵ۶ˡ
ʵҲأո£źȿڲЪϢһء
һյ趼û꣬С̫˵ٹʹѧʿص˴ͷºˣҶúˡ
ĸǹ֮οִƻǻʵ۵ķСʵܲţⲻ̧ȥæҽô
ִƺλѧʿǶΪһʱľ˹ȥģҲʲô֢
ټϹҽǣֶֻشĸ֡
ȥִ˹
أΣִѹԺ󣬻ǵżֺ
ԼĹŴ󳼣ԼСһ𳤴ֵܣʵȻǵżִƣҲڼִƱϵġ
ոҽ˵ִһʱ֮ŭģ̵ιȥģʵ⻹Щء
ִһ˼ƽϵӣλѧʿҲóľǺϡ࣬ô˶ܳģܳ˫˫ʰ

֣ʵۻЩƣҪοִƼ䡣
ټϣʵҲǸոտ꽭ۡҲŸִƿһֺء
ʵֻżִƵ˵ϼְҷſİɣءҲһأⲻո˽ĽԪء
ִԭΪֺнԪּԼԲŻιȥġ
ʵ⻰Ϊִڻʵ۸ǰҲɣֻŭǸӣ˵ȥֹԣǺãȥ˾͹ԼңȥˣˣٲôĹȡ
϶ȣʵҲû뵽ִոѹ񣬵ǰһֻͰ͵Ҳûʲôɡ
ǣ㵱ʲôϹŰ壬Ѳ佫ӻҪ佫ִƣ˵ϹҲøĸˡ
ү˵Լ׼ҺԼĺڴⳳܣ˫˫˹ȥϵظϹִⷬ⻹ҪԼŮĹȣ
˵ɣүҲôԼɵֺֻ֪еĶŮǼִ⻰ԾǼִƵⰡ
ӶϽܲμӿƿˣ游˶ȥӿԵģ
Ҫ˵ǵǼúá
үֶԼ߿֣ãⲻǸТģȻⲻǵ˺ǰô
ʵү⻰뵽Ƕѧ֪ｫø·Ƶãе޵ġ
ǻʵۿųģСʹ룬ֵױǹϵá
ʵҲʼúǲǣġ
պֵܣһһִ࣬ͬһ㣬ⲻǾ͵ĺô
뵽ʵҲɵ˵һ䣬ǰϼ֣֪ϲӵѧ䣬Ȼڶ֣Ҳܵ˺ӵѽ
ҡҲǡִǰٿĪ硣
û˵ʵһ䣬үһ䣬Ӳüִûͳ
λѧʿҲǾιȥģִ֮λѧʿҲѹˡ
үӵľеͣλѧʿȻҲ˵ִɡ
λѧʿ˵ڴ⿴żִƺʹѩιȥģȴǲ١
ִƲϲԼӶ飬ӵϰ䣬ͷҲǴȥˡ
ΪڣһҲһ²⡣
Ȼֺڶһȷʵ츳˫ȫġ
ټϣǼֺϰһҲ츳ִҲΪֺ˽Ԫʡ
Դұ׷ײ²⣬ٹλճδļ̳ˣǸĲ䡣
˵Ƕ鵹ͦ츳ֻͬһ㣬޸֮
ȫûм̳һϵ֡
ٹ佫ҵͷҲҪڼֺһսˡ


154 
ء
ҲԼΥ˼ִƵûȥݺڽμӿƿֱúڲˣǵȻȥִƵôк
ǣⲻڽ꣬߻ʵԶô
ǴҲкԼϰ
ŵùҹɿ켸ձɿ켸յ뷨⾹ȻЩдбϲļţ
ôһִƿ϶ǲֺ֪һ·ͯ˾˵ġ
ԭôƵ˿ԣǶǻиظۡġ
˵ռִλȻӦؾͿЩۡˣӼֺͯʱ򣬾Ӧ֪˵ġ
ǣִƵǸ佫ҵǸү˵ʲôһССͯˣǽʿ״ԪڼִλҲûʲôˡ
ִȻҲĹעʲôطĸ֮ˡ
ټڼִƵʶҲûʲôμӿƾ٣ԽǲܷʲôЩۡϵġ
ִЩ佫Ǹˣ˭Ǹʲôйȥ
Ĺǣǵǿˡ
һͯһţЩ˼ңﶼǱȱȽǣ˵ֺȷʵСһЩҲǸš
ῼţȻһûٽһҲǡ
ִƲ죬ٿּҲסû͸ȻҲǲִܵƸǰȥϲġ
үȻ˲֪ԺæýŲմصģҲûոִ˵һˡ
ôȻӲصü˹ȥ
ִոѹֱʵۺүӹӵʲôϰϰ䶼һ֮Ļ˵أòܲˣִʵ
Σ
˽ԪȻǺúõģΣʵۺүӶƵ
ǽԪִƼʵۺүӶûĻŻһѪʲôԪԪģʺΣ
ֵүӺͻʵˣֻۡ˵ĳĳƣЩˣ˵˵ˣ֮Ļ
ܿнԪȻǲģֲִţȻǵ˳żִ˶ֻ˵
ȻǺõġ
ִƲ֪еʵۺү˶ĵ˵û£ִȻǳһֻû¡
ǣʵۺүӿżִⷴӦȴǾЩ֡
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ʵۺүӲź֪ظоִƲûյŰɣ
Ȼ˽Ԫ飬ôᵽڲ֪
Ҫ˵ִûϸ֪ۡнԪǵпܣô飬ڼһ䶼ûᰡ
ϼְ֮ǰ֪нԪ£ʵʵ
֪ƨִƾͲоˡ
ʲô֪ҪȻΪ£컯֮£˴ſô
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ҵһױȥ˸ץִһңͿʼԼ˵
ǣӦ꣬ŷӦִƵĻʱоеˣæСʵүôˣ
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˽Ԫִһ뵽Լüȥ꽫ƫƫΥûغúһ·˾ˡ
Ŷż˸һ¡
мˣԼиţˣܲдķԼɺţоĴ£һŶûС
ִԽԽʷϺϱͲˡ
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Ŷ󣬾ˣ
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ѲǺоʲôè壿
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ǵʲô顣ʷϼĲУæʵҲ˵Ժ󣬿ִƣϣӼִõ𰸡
ҲҲûʲôִҲеΣ󲻹һЩ°ˡ
ִֻܺȥϾһүǶҲ˵ԼΪһΣºƾٳ£Ҫȥ꽫
ǣȵؿ˾ˣҲûС
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ҲǺ£Ҳʲô£鼱֮£ִֻܱһʲôԭΪĻϴʹڻǰ˵ģ֪ԭǶġ
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ʲôⲻôִƲԾӵ
˵ΪֺĻ£ʷϺ϶ŻҲģԵҲûھȥ
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˵ܺ͵üҵһ˫ŮǶûأҲʱüˡҲЦ˵
ʱ˿̵ļ⣬ԾǷ飬һ֪


155 
ֲ˼ݼ⣬Ǿٺʲˡ
⣬˾ȥϱŵ⼸ǾԹԲ˶ߵģȸҲûпܡ
ڽأ
ּûһݱߵģʲôš
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ԹŽϷأߵҲعúܣϷǳϷñȾǶĴǶǲЩ
οڽҲû˷ǵöżϽˡ
˯ͣҲû˻ż⣬ϾΨһҴżļͺǶ֪ӵģǽֺο˷ʱš
֣˼ǡ
¬Ҫȥˣ⵹ǲԸˡ
ϻرдʡ
ʲôۿʼˣ˾ѾҪ붬ˣǴǵǲ£СֶСֶŮܲˡ
꿪ߡ
ʲôķʢУԼͺѧҵҲаڽٶһʱţıѧ֮ʿǶཻ֣ҲЩʶ
еɶҳˡ
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¬ΪһģβԼĶŮ
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Ҳû㾯Եˣһ̣;ԼĴˡ
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ǼеĸĸԼǶԶŮû
룬ĸڣԶΡ
ֻЩ˵ӵĲǡ
Լ飬ԭΪ˻ƣȴڲᣬмһʱ֮Ų֪ǼִƸ֪˽Ԫֻǳ̫ˣûǻȥġ
ǣļִƵźţ
ⲻսսı
ǣǸɣڲԼȥ˾Ҫ˵ӡ
ô
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ǣ¬ĵضûڸĸţϥТ˳Σﻹ˼Ĺ
⵽ǲģȰһȰֺʱмֺ֧֣һ¬ϾͲأ
ֻǼֺǶǽֻڰģֺ;ãǴʲô顣
ԭǴõĸģڼֺȻصĿ£һƬհףﻹǵԼĸ壬ֻһͺƤҪȻȥɣ
Ȼǲ֪ѿڶĻüֺ˼֣ʲô飬ء
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ϾЩǳ飬Ҳ֪ˡ
ֻǣôҲһִ֪ģҲǳЩܽĴ
ԣֺֻüͷʼʲôԼ
ֺ꽥ԽԽмֳִƣټֺüͷġ
Ϊĵĵŵշתһϣл㱵أ⾹ȻͲվԼǰģǼִһ㡣
ﻹ˵ЩֵֻҲûʲô£Ҳƽ˵һˡ
˵꣬ͷ׷Լһ㣬Ķˡ
⵹üֺԽЩĪˡ
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ⲻŵˣΪӣֺѾʼϰԵʰоˡ
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ȻĶ½ǻȥˣ˼ִƺʷ˼ãǳТҲڽô
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Ǽڽǳʲôٵ⼸վͽоʰϡ
Ȼȥ˾ǣûһº󻼣ǿɾͲˡ
֮ТҲ֪ش󣬵˼ֺķԸ̾ͳȥ̽ˣæǰæһ죬֮ТҲû̽õϢ
ʵ̫ںô̽ˣ󲻹ǺȾϷ
ټϣڽؽ磬û˵Ǳȵùģ˭Ҽ鷳
ڽûǳʲô
֮ТĻֺﻹЩɻ󣬵ҲǷ˴
ټϣǼǳʲôٽļּһأҲʰо֡
£ֺҲûˡ

ΪԭҲˬȻˡ
ټϣֺһлмԪӤءȻǲд̫
ټΪѾ˼֮ǰδľڣδĸɫҩҲȻ׼ġ
ؾȻδûУôƽƽ͵˾ˡ
лڣȻǸɫȫڴҪǵǰգľˣСȥٹˡ
ԣҲŸոյͷѾ˺ˡ


156 
ԭͷŵЩأңңٹŵĴŶ˾ˡ
ȵ˰Ȼæǰź
̧̧̧̧ӡ
ҲЩ˲˼ֺ·ȻӼװ嵽ӵôһ·Ƕֺܲˡ
үǿǻˣү̫̫д͵ˡĹܼҲæ밲
ү˵ʲô£ܼԺæʵ
ү̫̫˵ʲô󲻹λү̺͸ˡܼһδ˵ľһ˵
ܼĵĻֿһۼ⣬ҲֻЦ˵ɲǣү̫̫һֱżλүء
⿴˿ֿ˿ܼңЩ֣ʵǿʲôֵģҲ˵
ǼЦ˵Ȼү̫̫ǣҲ𵢸ˣϽȥɡ
ԭǸ豦УټõģǼִƺʷˣҲһֱżִƺʷء
˵ţ̧žȥ
ѾȴҲеͷֺŸո´Ѿڵֺɡˡ
ֺԭҲǸӣôһ̫ټϳɡಽظţüֺЩܡ
ֺЦ˵ô󣬵ҲظҳţŴúǡ
˵ţֺЦһôأڣ
ϾСӺ̹ǴɡǵҲһѾף쳤˵ĸͷҪš
·ٽЩʹáֺɡЦ˵
˵ֺо飬ִƻ֪ͬģ˹ȥִƲϲԼĳȥƿ飬Ҳ౻֪ˡ
׼ִҲֺټϺ˽Ԫ飬Ǵϲ¡
뵱иͯʷ϶޲ôϼˮϯ
ǽԪĽԪ
ټΪмִƱεĴ߻ûãǵѫȦﶼѾ˼ֺнԪ¡
ǼʻĽǷлỰʷѫŮ֮дͷ
ǺӲԼǰʷϷǵðʮʮҹˮϯúõһǡ
ǻȻ첻ˮϯɶʹµż·˸һֺֺͬǡ
ΪҶ˺ôЩǼɲźš
οҲ֪֮ǰΪףһֱǸʷסõġ
Ȼ˾٣ҲСһ㣬ɵҲǸͷ˽ʱˡ
Ȼǲסõ᷿ⲻҪһԺӳúס
ԭֺסõ᷿ҲֻҪźѾСҲͰˣģõź
ɼֺԼԺӣȻ͵źһˡ
ǵļ̳ˣָĳɫСС;ҲѾ˾ˣĳɾȻǿ֪
˵˵ģ˭гϢӣȥҲܱ˽ؽţ־һ㣬ҲŽִܸߵĻĺͻƵģͷᱻš
˵ֺûʲôȱֺܵԺźҲһǰ;
ԣ˼˼ֺⲻԽ֡
ֺ˵ֻΪԼѾڼֺǰ¶ˣⲻóʤ׷æַе˽ԪȻǰ;ġ 
Ҳû뵽ǰүôҸ߼Ѿֺ֪о£һڵ˸ͺˡ
ⲻǾûʲôֿô
İ̾˿Ǹ뿴ɫ
ԭǸǾ䡰·Ѿ￩һˣǸС˵ֺоٵ飬;ôȥԼҪꡣ
˵ҲֻҪһ˵˾ǣϸõҲñͱˡ
ǵ˼ִƸǰͱƣִ֪ˣ⵽ǲһġ
ϾǼִ֪ˣҲ֪ŭǻˡ
룬ִײϵİӡ
һ̣⾹ȻһҪܵĳ嶯
ʲôһЩ顭ֻҸطܱܣ̫ȥ˵֮ġ
ǵ˼ִƵķԸģһҪȥ
ڶѾӽ굽˾ˣҲͲһˡ
üôˣֻæס˼ȥ·ЦеүҪȥ
ЦеãǶϣȴǰҲ뿪
˵ô࣬ľҪܡ
ǣͷ϶ٹˣҲ֪үǳʲôķ裬ҲǵүķԸģһðѼǸТӴ
Ҫߣ˿ɲΧȥô
ôһ仯ǽ˶˱ˡ
¬ϲżֺǶ֪ĲŵģοԼҵˣȻҲ˼ƽǵ㵡
ɼͲͬˣԭǸ־ģܾԼ˲ţﶼŵġ
οЩݰǸֵƵģӸ߿Լ֡
ǺˣǼִƵĸɵǿڼϣԼ˼֡
ԭΪԼż˾ǣҲܵٹ߿һ۵ġ
˭ϵ˶ż⣬ǵļˣҲżֺأǰԺ
ԼЩʴˡ
ȻҲٹǺ˼֣ܾٹЩǿԼء
һ졭һԼҪЩԼ˸ۡﰵֹһ䡣

Ȼ书ҲǲβһҲоǵǵֲôΧ
һ򣬼ͱԲˡ
ȴɼ΢Ц˵үʲô£Ҳõȼү̫̫˵ү֮ǰһֱŴүء
仰ӾԼǱ̡
үԼԼҪԼĹء
ɼҲ֪Լһˣֻñ˴ӵţ
ͷٹ·žǣߵһ·ˡ
ȴԼ֪гͷȴֲ֪ʲôͷʱѰģЩס
ԽҲԽˡ
Լ϶ˣǾֻˮԼһеܱԼȶ۵Ľ֡
ţͿʼԽԽãһõ
ϾҪǼһȰ˵Լôͬڽأ
룬־ãǲ˵ԼúȥǻأԼǻҲмӰ
ǾôˡԼĴš
ֵܣҲǴͷԷɵġ
ο׶ӣͷֻԼ϶ӣܲܰӵȶۡ


157 
ȻȫˣҲܽˡ
ͷϺŵýҲһӣֻǻڵزУҲû˵һ
ֱҶ˽ӣѾʼˣнηŵɻ壬λүӣ
ϲԼҾƶȴŬ飬ŶôϵӽǮ֮ġ
ԣֵƣȷʵҲӼ̵ּôƽﵹһصӡ
ԭҲûʲôܱ˿һ˷ǡ
ٹ˵ףҲǸѫ˼ҡ
ѫ˼ҵǣǶһȾº˵ı¡
⵹Ҳǹۿ˵ͣǣּ˼ңһݵģģǶ֪жء
ǸͿؽӴˣٹҲѾ˲гˡ
Եȿ˴ΣҪǴŲǱҲ֪ȷʵǸʵ˼ңǲźýȥͨˡ
Եη򿴵ǰģֻţȻõȴǱֽɷʮƶ
ĪӶûԲųٳûϽΣ
ηţϵҲ¶ɫ
ԭǸԱеģηɫβԽŭ˼֣Ҫ˦뿪ĳ嶯
Լ˵ѾǾˣɵھĵطʲôٹǽ˽ʿҲñٹܹ˺ͨ
ôţԼƽ˽ӡ
ҲķɾǵķȻǱȽֵĳǼԭһֱŲв̤˳ЦҲײԾؿ˴⡣
˲ʱգ㿴ֱһۡſڶʯʨӣΧǽȥܿϻأġ
ԭɺʲô˼ңŽۡɡ
Ƚ߽ˣſǸ֮ۡϵҶдš֣ŷӦԭˡ
ڽʱҲٹʱãһԼܳΪۡˣҲ޺ˡ
ɼû뵽ñȽɡ
˵ٹһϣڶģǼȻѾٹҲˡ
岽һ¥ʮһĸۡĺҲˣȽ
ǺɵŽأǼѾҺ򣬿սս
ǿѾԺ󣬼ǻŵòУ޲õӽȥ
ʱһ˱ҲѾٹſˡ
Ϊ֪ǽջſСǺˣˣ׷˵үǻˣүǻˡ
ִƵһĸҲſںˣҲǸ֪أսսѰģҲֻЦ˵ү̫̫ˣүͶүǵˡ
˵ֶ꣬żļֺ˵ү̫̫ʹǰղ֪˽ԪΪء
ǰգ
εĻֺЩɻˡ
˵ֺнԪҲǸֵ̫ѵ飬ɵҲǴϲ¡
ڻʰ֮󣬼ֺͺͼдŻؾǣ˵һϲѶġ
Ҳˣοڲ֮ǰ֪Լ˽ԪϢ
Ȼǿ˼ֺеɻֻϷҲûʱ򣬻Ȼǲʱ򣬾ͽϷġ
ԻֻԼûֺɻֿ¬ǱŵļԪʹɣү̫̫ԭһ·۳Ͷ٣Ըǲã񿴵λС˾ܷء
˵ţαҪӭλȥ
֪ȥҪᣬſڶĥһ
ɻȴǰҲᣬֻߴټȥ
֪Ӳһҧһţȥ
˶ĽҲ˶ĶͷǼͷһؿģ
ƾ껥ӵľ飬β֪϶ǷʲôˣҲС¡
ﻹ˵ɲһ˼ؿ֡
ͶʣȻҲûʲô˼չ˵ĸܡ
ȻˣĻǼǵһġ
Ŀ̧Ҫһȥļ壬æˣүסҲͷԸ˸ʰˣҪȥ
ԭҲ͸ּҲڣҲǼּҵӵܣΪֶͷǣǽסٹȻٲҪȥݼһִơ
˼Ȼȥˣ
գҪҲסˡ
ڼǾٹЩ˶ˡ
ĸ˼ִƶˣβ˾Ƶ￴Ѿˡ
ǷƽүæһЩʱһֶͿڼϣҲûġ
ɽⲻǡ
үĦȭ˿һ˾͵Žʰүأڵóʱ
οүʰүôҲǼҳü˿
ٹ˼ң˼壬ҲǸˣȻҲǲµġ
ԣֻûɫֻЦ˸׼ĿԺ
ǻˡˡ
һ˵Ӻͱӻˣʷϱסˣֱߵͷǡ
ڿֺһ̣ʷϾͽֺ˻Ħһ飬ŷſֺ
Ȼżϸؿ˿ż⣬Ҳʷ˵˼ˡ
Ҳæżֺ´һѾ˲٣Ҳûκ㲵ɫŷ
ʷϸոӹӻԪúÿִһϣִү⻹֪
ϡүִƵߣԽȶˡ
үʲôʷϱԼİװ׾ĴŮ˶ϴǸȥôϲӣϴˣ
ҲʷδˣҲѵöԼ˼ִĸ֮ģŰż˵˼û
ǣϸʲô£ִֻ
һִѾŵòˣôԼո·뵽ĶԲߡ
ֻæ±żִƵشȵү治һ˵Ĵ϶϶϶ǵúȥƾ١
׼ſϷأϷûԼͱϷˡ
ҲһĲء
ʲôԼǵúȥԵģ
Ѳúƾٻʲô
Լ֣ôؽԪ
ڼԼǾûʲôģ
ԭֻſϷҲûлϽ͵˼
Ȼ˸Ҹ״ôͱˡ
֮ǰڽʱǾǼ˰ٰͣúɿƾ١
ǻԼǷ˶ٵú˳߽ġ
³ɺ޼Ҳæʼ״ˡ
үϴڽϴһֱúȥԡ


158 
ִԭţϴ󵽵ǴСͷˣʳһ϶
û뵽϶ˡ
ִƵ¾ǻĿһִѾżżһˡ
ʷϺȴһͷˮ
ʲôмⲻúȥƾ٣ʲô϶ǵúȥƾ٣
ֵЩʲô
¬ϵ׻һЩģֻҲ֪ȷʵڽʱһֱֵ۶ӣúȥԡ
⿴ִѾʼżŭˣﰵϲ˼֡
Լҵûǲġ
ŻϽͼ䣬ֻż˵϶˵˵ǲǵʹСúȥƾ٣
ִƿϲŭ˼֣˼һֻۣ˵Ҳʳֵܣ㵹˵˵ǰôġ
Ͻźǧúƿ㵹ǺãΥǵߥźԡ
үúԵģ
游ð谭ҿƿģ
үǣүΪβÿ
ִǻһ˼
Щţ𵱳ʱϴв˵ʱҪү״
ǾԲżֹģû뵽ϴǹģ
ǰɡ
ǾЩţүΪβúƾ٣
ʷϺͼֺҲǲš
ֺüִǿغܣλ᲻Լȥƾ١
ʷϸǾãо٣ھŮ֮ж೤ǣΪβúȥƾ٣
ִһŭ֮£ǰѲúȥƾֻҲһµ˵ˣ˵֮󣬼ִƱЩڡ
ȵʷϵ˽Դѯʵʱ򣬼ִԽ˼֡
ɽνͣ
һүսϣҲ֪ɱٵĵоѲ޶ΪһһģһΣ
翵ΣȻˣ
ôСڶϾ츳ƿϴǧܵȥֹ
ʱļִȻǾԼûʲôִͻȻ;ãʵЩˡ
޺Ͷﶼһɻؿϱ϶żɻͲִֻͬ̾˿ԼǸ˵˳
үȻΪһβúȥƾ٣ʷԽˡ
ʷϲ翵ĶǣִƽɷǸ񶼲ôŵˣһΣ
ǷߴϱϣǶпܣڼִϣǾôЩˡ
һ˼ؿִơ
ڽʱϴҲ˵ʲôΣʲôԤʾʱ˶Է硣
ΪһˣǼǾԶ֮ġ
ΪһӣǾã˿ܶʲôԤʾ׵ִǿ϶ǲʲôԤʾġ
⻹Ǽִ˵ģ
һΣڼִƽűߵļ⼤˵
ҲͬүһΣΡĳ˶٣Ž˵ʵ̫ʵˡ
˵˵ţֻëȻ˶һ
˱Ǹ쳡һϣڵεز۵ģ֪ΪΣͬĳȴиоЩơ
£ϱЩ˲ֻǰֺ˵ˣǿɲܿˡ
ʵЩʧ̬ڳҲûлϲ׵
ʷϷӦԺҲһ˵ɲȥˣ⿼գ˼Ҫȥðա
˵ֺ˽ԪʷȷʵεǶȲԼǰıӡ
ʷϲŲúȥƾˣżʷҲȥˡ
ٹ˼ңҪƴȥǰ̣
϶Ҳȥˣֵֵʷ˵
ȻżҲЩЩ죬ҲһЩڵ
ڽʱ򣬼һֱ߶߶˵ǸΣǻֻüӻˣҲûд
ôһ˵ҲЩ£ٹһļ̳ˣʲô飬Ѵˣ
ʱָԴɩ
ҿûʲô顣
·ӣ߾ٵ·ӣֲû·ˡʷϲһ
ʷ⻰˵õҲ٣˵ٹļ˵̫Ƕǲϵأǰ;Ȼǲá
Ҳ˼ôԤףҲøȥðգ罫һһְٰҲ
ִ˳ʷϵĻ˵
ֺѾǾˣѰҲܵ˵ģٿȥͨøְҲǲԡ
Ҳ˲ڹǰʲôˣֻ˵ԶԶԣү˵ǣɲðա
¬϶һǺ٣ҸƵãҲ
һʱ֮䣬еĿⶼۼ˼ֺϡ
ֺϵĻѳ˳ϵļ򣬵ο
ǵؿԼڵҲЩͣʹһ˫ҲƸܵʲôûʲô
ǰһֱһ˵ļֺͻȻ͸оۿȵġ

ǰļֺǴǲ̫µģźԼıҵδˡ
ļֺǾġ˲Ҫ۰游ĸĸδɲţδʹޣܲ
ɿƾٽԪڣΪģΪʷҲǼֺϱûɣⱲӻüܶ롣
Ϊһ翵ΣƾٶȥˣԺǲǻΪηȨ̰Ϊһʷ
ˣǼֺǼֺ
ֺԥһ£Ƕ˼ִƣ游ҾҲܷƾ١
һ⻰ϱЩżæҪ
游ս̵ʱ򣬲Ҳûֺ˵οؾԤʾˣⲻ˳˳عô
ս㡭ִҪ˵
һ˵ƾٱսˡֺᶨ˵游ûеӱܵӱ
ֺ˵ȷʵִʣԼĸĸսϵ۲ԼսԼǷ񻹻ȥս
ǴӦûǻġ
Ǵ˿ԼָԺ뷨ֹȥƿأ
οΪ˼ԣһֱ˳˳ģִƵΪǸβĿ־ҲѾ˲١
ִֿ˿ԼԼһֱΪӣĿ⾼ؿԼִֻ̾˿ˣȥɡ
үʷû뵽ִƾȻɿˣ±Щˣæ
ִβ޵żȴҲ˰˵ģǺǿ׳Ǹƾ٣ʲô⡣
ִ˵仰ԺͻȻ;ãԼʲô˲١


159 
ִͻȻ;õһֱûЩΣͻȻҲôʵˡ
ִͻȻͷԼԭһֱӵϸڡ
磬ϴϱͻݶغƽһֻ϶Ҳ
һˣοڳȥԺΪϱɨǣ˶ӡ
ǶԶϱĮԴŶϱŸӣ޲õˣһֻдӣʦԸ룬ֻŹѾӵĶϱҽš
Ϊһ翵Σ϶һֱúٿƿ
ĸԿź岻ˣȴǲֻ֪ź顣
ϵɡ
ϴԼһԸģλǵñź飿
ϴԼȥɣ
ЩִԽãǸʵ̫һЩ
ɼִѾˣʷϺϵȴǻûס
ʷֻ˵ʲôǿ׳Ǽֲͼһ
ĸȥġֺȰ
ȥǱȥģѲɻִ˵ԵЩȫȫβسǺǴСϰأ
ִ˵óȴԽһͷˮ
֮ǰúԣҪǧȥֹԵǼִƣôȰ˵úȥԵҲǼִơ
ôѲ˻ף
ʷԴ޸ִԺ󣬻ϼִ˵飬ʷ϶ᷴ
ʷҲʵżִƣȻִô˵ˣʷȻǲڷ
ĵףʷҲѾ⣬һҪúòһѺǿ׳һǡ
ȻЩģǵģڵĶӵͬʱҲʵڲԸ۶϶ӵĳ
οԭҲҳеĸֶҲǿſƾٽġ
ƾżҸǸԷˮϡƽ飬ȻǿΪ¿ƾٳ飬Ͳúȥƾ١
ԭǻŵòС
ϾԴΥΪܵùҹգܵͷ͵͵ѼͺǵŸ
ҲǼԴ顣
Ͼ£Ҫȼƽźǹ죬ԾϷҪضˡ
ѾˣԼ϶Ӳһٴˡ
үԼТǲģôãԼҪڴɸˡ
ԽԼ߳ǲʲôϣˡ
ִƶʼ˵ȥǱȥ
־ԼѪˡ
ۣôǺԼҪȥ
⺢׵ҵġ
˵ˣȥԣԼȸѲɻź
϶ܹ
Խ룬Խ˼֡
ûʲôдҲ϶Ĵȸ֮ķ˴
϶Ϊ̫ˡ
Ѿʼֱ׳ˣȻҲֱˣҲ׳ˣ⵱Ҳûٹˡ
⻹ɶûʲô
⻹˵ˣϥǣۣҲеˡ
ֻǣովͱִƺһš
ⱻһ飬ովֱ˵ȣֲȥ
ȼϥǽʵʵڵذϵʱ򣬼ŷӦ
ǣôʲô
û
游ֺҲŸ飬æҪ˵ҷǵҪȥҵ
ִҲֺֻż⿴һۣϵĲ
ִһô㻹
ûֹƿүȷʵ
ִȴǲȼ˵ֻ꣬һ˵˵оǰղڵǰһѧʿе֪£
ǰգҼǵúоٵʱүдŵģһúдһġǸϽͻؾǵġ
һĺö飬ټϺо٣ǽԪԼ常ʵǲҲ٣ӹΰ
ԣоٵʱ򣬼ⲻϲȻд˳һţ͵Ǳϲ˳Լô
ŶлһǴġ
ҲֱʷϺдš
ôִҲ֮˿˵о顣
͵ĺôˡִб˼ִһۣ˵
ڼִƸո˵֪оٵϢʱ򣬸ովԼûʲôˣոշµľ
ǶƱԼͺ˶ŵʱ򣬼Ͳסˡ
Ȼ϶˾ǿס
ƣϽء
϶˿϶ⱲӶȲˮ˵ģϾĺĺ
ü죬νʲôʲӵϴԼɵʱ򣬾ֱִӾͰԼˡ
˵ȷʵɵģǼȴǲ
ôүأµһŵ˽Ŷˣֲҳϴүղô
⵹Ǽִԩ˼⣬ǼǾǴС¶֪˶١
Ŷ˵пܣִƵ˵
ִô˵ոַ˼֣Ǽִһǣֻǲֻ֪ҪἰоٵȫˣƫƫԵȴǶڵģ
ִƱ˵߿⣬ֱѼ⿴ˣ˵ƫƫԵӶ϶ͺţɾǼգֻأ
ִ˵ţԼȻڴ֮ͥ£Ϊо٣ԼְϢûյΪʲô飬ŵõ˹ȥ
Ӳֳһ
ںˡ
Щĳǣ͵Ȱ䣬ʲôж︣ʲôѾĴϢˣֺαطǵϰأ
Щ佫ǣͳЦ˸ֻĳ
ǣΪϲϰιȥ
УԼҺôֻ飬ϰˣ
ִԽԽ¾Ͷŵ¹ŵļһš
ﻹиոյĲִֻܿķ
ǣⱻִһԺ󣬾˳Ƶ˵ϣһ˴˵ӡ
ִȻɵ׼׶ӡ
Ҽϻвأԭȥ˽ҲͰˣȻѾ˾ǣȻǵȥֵġ
ԣִƸոԭҲžģǸǾԲüɵزġ
ִƿģԽ˼̧֣žҪٽߡ
ſСѾߴӺˡǴ˼ִơ
˵ǼˣǼףִƵײڼǰٽ߼⣬ֻջż߼⣬ʾϽ
ȻҲԸڼǰװæ˳ˡ
ˣһţͳżֺ˹ȥ
ԭŵ׶ӣ˼ʱֱӾ;׵һæվҪȴû뵽СӾȻֱżֺȥġ
׵ǰһ㡣


160 
ʱڼֺǰģҲк̵ģֵܵĸȻ
ټϣѧ飬ѧǶڼǰֳѧʱж
ǰЩΪ֪˼ֺ˽Ԫѧˣ˭Ἰֺ
һѧֺѧϰҲһٸйҫ鹡
һΣǼֺҲѧģЩҲǼֺ
˵ԼнԪɽ̳һԪҲһҫ顣
Щǣ˭һ䡣
ԣǼѾһֺˣɶԼֺûа衣
ֺסܹļָ·ʾȼеĳ
ȵ񣬼ֺʵѾȥѧˣ
ɲǣǰ㾴󲮻˵һǸĺӡʷæЦ˵
ȥ̵⣬ʷϾͼֺͼӣӶǶĺӣʷβóء
ͻСЩʵ鵹ҲֺֻԼʵļЩ۵ܵܣֻ˵
˵ҴĺǶ磬ȥѧѧȴҲ꣬ǶЩ˼ʽȥġ
ѧﵽϿҲһϵͣҲס
οֲԼϻƹˢġ
СһЩҲǰͣʵڲô
ԭҲͻСЩɾ˵츳ټСԼҲԸȥȥѧġЦ˵
β۶ӡ
ԭ־˵ǣȥѧʱҲЩġ
飬ǻԶȤҲѧЩ˶ǰٹĵλ۸ҲΪݸߣ
˭ϵȻԸȥһ֮ͬл÷ˮˮ
ϲŷ
ܺʹãڼֺһӣſǻﱧŵļԪ
һԼһ˫ã͸˵ġ
ΪԭСһ˵ãЩ档
ȶ̣ǵŽŲӣҲܵܺõ
ǵһ׻ﱧźӣҲô㡣
ǼֺԼҵܵŲ̫ۣŰѼü˸
óÿŴƵá˴ԪɹԪü޳
ԪҪޣæָ
ԪȴǸƢõģոպüҪޣ費ǰԪź˺壬ԪչЦ
ʷϿһĻЦ˵ùãǸƢõġ
ֻպǱ߰ͨɡ˵¬ϲ뵽ԼǸСӣǾһƵԼŮǰͺˡ
˵¬ôû
ѰŮˣȻѰܻҡ
ɽյǼֳؾǣҲûֳֶˣ͸û
ټϣͷҲûĸѹš
ôã¬ϱʵ
ͼؾ飬ʷϺȻ֪ͨġ
ԭæſִƳμ⣬Ҳ˼û
˵ʷϺϱЩżˡ
ǸģĪʲôˣɻ
̫̫ǻǸϽȥɡϺͼһֱദؼãЩļæ˵
ǣǸȥơԼŮʷвĵģҲæ˵
ʷϵĻ䣬ү̫̫Ƕ˹ˡ
˽˵ĲǼǼʷϲԽ˼֣æҴҵ˵
ү̫̫밲ү̡Ǽԭ޵Ĺܼӣԭĳƺʷǡ
˵Цظʷϵ밲ʷǵżйЩ밲ۼҪǰЩһȥʷϱЩ̲סˣæϵ
ȱ밲ˣϽ˵˵ҹʲô
ҪԭʷļɫܼҲҪˡ
ǴźϢģȻǲ壬ֻЦ˵̫̫Ǽҹϲˡ
ʲôˣʷ־ϲ
ǰԭһ磬ػүһүģֻǹһ̫˹ȥүģæ˴ơһƱ˵ǻ
ԭʷֻܼʵ룬˵Ҳ֪ص㡣
˵ϲˣʷϺ޲ܼ˵ϸһ㣬Լ֪ϸһ㡣
ˣҹΣô˵ģǼҹＸˣʷһʵ
̫̫ģ˵ֻһʱü˹ȥҲʲô£Ҳÿʲô̥ҩǹܼæ˵ˡ
£ʷָظһ£ʲôæż˵Ǽҹû£Ҳ
ǹﶼ£ܽϢʱǾ̥ô죿
Ҳʷϵģʵ㣬޵ּҲˡС޵ǿͣƫƫĶȴǰûж
ּǺüĵԭǸÿõġ
ҲǼͷҲûйţȻʹˡ
Ҫϸ̱ģǿͨС檶֪˶ˡ
ԣǼͷûţֺҲãû檵˼ʷżӵĹʷ϶Ѿȥ˼ˡ
˵ϲϢʷββϲβء
ǹܼԭΪĺϢԼٲõõЩô
û뵽ûõƽװ̫̫һ
ϣԲȻǲܸߣǶõ׹⣬ʲô˵ġ
ʷ˵꣬ҲЩ⻰ŷ
˵õҲǣ⻰ʷ϶˵ģȻʷֶǹܼ˵ΪһˣԧɩȥԹȥ
̫̫ţõᣬּǶҲûԥһԺ˵ú÷ϲҲţָ̫̫ɼȥء
˵úǡʷæ˵
뵽ԼҹŮߵˣǸոǸܼһĻŽżʷæҪѰõŮ͹ȥ
ҪҵģȥɡʷָĸֶòģŽԼߵĸ͹ȥּҡ
̫̫ɲܺ˱ˣôʹҲۿʷ˵һˣͲŶ͹ȥˣæȰ
ۿʹҲˣֻǵҲôҲøֲǡϿЦ


161 
ֻһʱ䣬˴صٹ𣬼ʵǾ̫顣
֪ԼǸŵĴֹԾȻһӢ׵ġ
Ȼ֪òԤʾƾٲ顣
ǿԼ׵Ҫʰ⣬ţòҲǸ۵ˡ
֪ԼУԼҪ˾Ĵϲ¡
һʵǾ̫飬󱯴ϲ󣬺˳ȻؾͰѼˡ
ȵ˵ڶգΪˮʹЩá
˵Ҳʲô£ô򿪼ҩҲͰˡ
οСҲһЩˣƽ˺⣬ҲԳЩˡ
ЩҩҲѾòǺˣͨˮСˡҲȻܸõض֢ҩˡ
ֻʱ䣬Сıˡ
ҲԽĽͷöüԽ벻ˡ
ٽţڽ˽꣬Żؾ
ĸĸǼˣ¬ǶȻҲҪȥһֵġ
׵ļǶǲҲȥһ
һݰݷѾʮ֮ˡ
ʮʵ㲻Ϻù
˵ٹʲôǷȱġ
ǼˣټٹҲʲôȱǮ˼ңȻǲܵ˿ˡ
Ҳʲô˼ҳģо֮ǰҲǳԿʲ˵ӡ
ڽǶǼϱɵϱߵĿζ嵭ҲȻûʲôġ
˾֮ٹƫߵʳϰߣټٹǶ佫Եñ㶼Щġ
նٶţҪڽ˲١
ǣǸߣļߵˡ
ƫƫǰƷ٣ٹҵǣǼǶǸ۸ڶġ
˵ȥЩˣĸ˼ûиү̫үϹսģ
￴һӡ¡ڵļ塣
ƫƫĺôǷԸĹµģõλү
λүĴһӦλү
ÿµ³Ƕٹʱ
⻹иסţٹĹأſ˶ӵġ
µţȻ˵ҪλүĴ˼Ƕǰżͼ
ͼÿжʮӣôҹҲȱǮټӵʱȫдϵģȻԸãҲʮӡ
үǱµһǶʮһ¡ȻҪãӣȻҪԼȥ
ʮ忴ϵļЩΣЩ֡
Ǽòʮ
ôҲһˣټּԺҲôǺݺһʣζǸʮӶǮۿˡ
ʮôһСĿϾʱ£Ӿ͹һũعһˡ
뵽ԼǸǻĸ˶ʮӽӼõ
ҲǶʮӣǮϿ
Ҳûļ˼ңŽסĿ˶Ǹӵġ
룬ԼٹסôЩӣɼȴЩû¶档
ٿЩӵʱֻãǼּԼġ
϶ĸŴ󻧣ԼˣҪ治ֱӴԼߣʾԼ
뵽ֻü˾ǿɫ΢Щÿ
ҪЦվԼǰĹ£־ôҲһүʵûҪһ˼ƽϡ
ֻǿųһЦκգ
үģǻĹܼԸģβգµҲû룬ֻǼƴˣæ˵
˵仪˵ģԽ϶˼֡
ڽ𣬻ľЩ˳ۣӣⲻҪߣΣ
ҲҪߵغܣȻԽҪˡ
ʲôҪģµĿҪƴǣæ˵Ǹ·ǰ˲ˣҲûЩǮƣȥ·Ҳá
µҲǿżʵڲǳ֮Ҫ弸䡣
ھٹŽصĵط崩С˶Щ硣
ʵЩ档
ɹ⻰ڼǾڳˡ
ߵһˣ¾Ҫƴǳȥ
µֻ˱Ƚӣӡ
ôһ˱Ҳƴ
õضҲʹһЩҲɱòˡ
ȻӼȻԸգɵǵֲµķӾܡ
ֻ¼忴ϷŵӣԽԽðۡ
ʱ򣬼ѾҪߡ
ոõĶЩڼԺźǱҲˡ
λү˶ʮء
䵽ԺźģȻǼûҲûǮͨϵģȻͨӸǰźˡ
ԣЩʮӡ
ҲЩ
һסģǸүһˣʮӣҲ䣿
С㣬ʱү˲á
Σֲʲôӣѵܴҳȥ
䲻ӣɺôҲǶүѣǸˡ
үѣСѾ߳ſԺһȻ˵Ҫѣүô춼û
ھˣٶܣ˽ʿҲǸƷٰˣǸŶ䡣
⻰ҲǼ٣ĵؽ磬һשȥҵһƷĴԱƷʵǲ
οܲܿлǸءҲƤˣסǸ˵źʹүһǡ
Ǹֱ֣
ǽԭûбżӵ˼ȻҲˡ
ԭǸĸߵģԭǶʮѾüƷˡ
ͦٹ˶ԼԽ޼֣ܾԼǱԨ
ٹ˶𣬼ֻԼܵ衣
Լٹһ̶ȥˣۿ˵͵ĵطʵھߵķǡ


162 
ɣҪ˵߰ɣָԷǶܲȥ
˼룬ܾãЩ˵ĻǶģЩǶڱ뿪
Ҫ˵߰ɣҲûеġ
ԵȻٹ㹷ۿ˵͵ģǾֱ˵ġ
಻һ⣬Ȼּ޽
Ǽﵽ׻־ģȴҲԼǶ𣬻ٹ
һٹԼ;°ӣԼɾܲסġ
һ㣬˵û
ǽԼ˽ʿҲǸƷС٣ٹǼҪʹӣҲ;ˡ
ҲС֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
ԣ嵽ҲûǸֱӹߡ
Ҫߣȴǵøȥ
ЩҲæˡ
ȻԼѼ嵱ôҲ˼塣
ԼЩ˼
ѽ֣Щʵ̫æЩ
ţǧشӽԼǣھزġ
Լȴæڸ飬ĹûУʵЩʧ
ЩεļԸ嵹һյ裬ȻָͣЩӣԼҲȷʵ̫æһЩ
Ȼ;ãٹǿԼ
Щ̬Ϊ˸Լߡ
ǣż棬żĽͣȴֻף΢Цʾ⡣
һ˵⣬һȴֻ衣
ԼڲһˣԼȨƣܴ裬ƨɡ
ȵ꣬˵֣Ҵ˷ǰеġ
Уˣְھ޹ʵģסǸ﷽Щֺαأ
¼ʲô˵֣ģǸҴҵ˫ȫûʲôġ
Եؿ˿Ǽ˵⻰ǾҪȰ
ڼ˿ǾǼҫԼţʾԼֵء
ﰵޣɫȴǲұ¶ֺ
ֻҧǿЦ˵ǳõؽסҲ׵
֡㡱˵׾Ǵ󣬾Ӳء
Ҳ潫嵱ּˣԲΪż忼ء
Щ꣬μʫĻ֮ģҲʵ˲ٵĸϿѧӡ
ôҲ֪һģǵ۸ߣԣЩѧ˵ǸϿһҲס
ţҲǸǵľӣҾҲƶο񵽻ԣ㣬Ҳнʱ䣬ôʱ䣬ǲסٹάơ
ĸһʡ
ǣƽɣǾӽǮ
ţԼӣ˼ˡ
ܷģҺôҲһӣı飬ıԺƵġ
ԭһĵ׵뷨ǾٹͼΪ˵飬ԼҪߣøһӡ
ɼû뵽죬ȴǰҲûӵ顣
ﲻְ룬װһӣȴӶԼ˰ɡ
֮裬ȽԼȻûȥ
Ϊ忼һģ˵ȥԺǰһ
⻹ʲôԺٹиѧô
˵ѧҲȱǼôǸˣнѧЩʲô̵ܽĶġ
ѧɾţ·ǵãÑǶʮһ¡
ֻҪԼһЩҲǶʮһ£岻ͷԣô
οѧĶ࣬ǵѧҲסѧʡѰסˡ
˼ߵӣüھƣֱһá
֣ǼҵѧȱһأֵĴţЩͯǴ´࣬ȥѧ飿
ַģǼѧÑΪʮһ£ֻסѧ
ǾΪ忼ǣڼ忴ǾǼҪԼߡ
ţҪ˦Ӳˡ
ƫƫɣÑʵüЩĶˡ
ȻУɵҲû뵽ȥ
˵ͷҲЩǮƣЩǮʵڲھСԺӵġ
ο뿪ٹպԺҪǮģ벻ȥԼھǶԵʱ
˵ѧĴ廹ǲɱĶˡ
οѧֲٹѧǼּҵѧԼѾּڣΪּҵˣȥּҵѧ飬ǲȻô
Ҳմ˼Ĺɡ
ﰵοԼ
Ǿ鷳ˡһԺ󣬻Ƕż˸Ҿ˵
ʲô鷳ģԭҲʲô¡˼żģ赭д˵
ⲻ֪ڼ忴ǾǹȻǼҪԼŲʲô¡
ڼİ£ȥѧ顣
¼廹ö飬üģܵԺĻԡ
Լ־˵ˣֻżϼαǣвɵ˼ƾ١
󡭡
͵ȥˣ׼׵ˣԼҶӻңǼ纣ȥʱöĵӣɩɩõϲ
˾ˡĳҲǸոûãǴϻ۵غܣҲЩǵ˼ˣֻڼĻ˵š
ԣ˾Ҫȥأ衸¬Ͽѩɰ衸ʵ۲ӼӹЦŶã˾ܿô
Ҳ֪ûֻ¬ϵĻ¶һˮδЦȻظ¬ϵĻ˵˾˹
ãǾͽ衸ļˡ¬衲ˮȻЦ˵衸仰˾ؿ϶ܸˡ
ɩɩ衸СأʲôЦ
˵ţ뵽ʲôתͷϵ治ȥǺȥû׼ǱС״Ԫأ
Ҷ֪źѧʶǱȥ˵һʧ״Ԫиʿȴǿ϶ġ
ԣôһʡ


163 
ǻУȻǲΪ˺ġ
ȼ衣ҲѾǽһ֮ˣȻҲȥᡣ
ԣȻǲִ֪ƺͼεġ
ѧգҡ
ȻҪʿȻٵģҪ磬Сؿƾ١
źԭǼڵģֻҪòһ׵Ľʿܲ˵ġֻҪӣ״Ԫпܵġ
С״ԪһԪڣֺŵ϶еˡ
һ㣬ôպ󣬼ֺ֮оѾһϯ֮ء
ǵȵ˵Ǹʱѧʶ϶һø״ԪҲͬ̽ȡһ㡣
ɵǻҲʹһЩˣ˵ʮ״ԪҲǲɵȴҲûС
˵ڣʱŽڵ㶼ѾȥˣЩϧúʧȥôõһᣬԲһ顣
ԼѾѾе¡СֻЦ˵׻СЩٳүҵҲô˵ġ
˵ͻСʱ򣬼ʶ뷴һ䣬ȻСЩȴǲС˵ġ
ǣԼ׵үӶ˵ڳû˵
ùúͰ˵ʲôأ˵ţֺҲ˽Ц˵ùÿɱȥˣСֶϼɡ
Ҫ˵ֺҲ˽ʿ볯õġ
ɼֺҲףԼ׵游δףԼļǣǾԲԼȥƿġ
һ㣬ԼѧχNɪ˼ҲܿһЩ
ֺҲ֪ⲻ游Լиôϰǿ壬ҪԼѧĹεġ
ֺ룬ԼǲĽʿʿҲѾûʲô˵ġ
ң˵ٳȷʵǺá
ǽ볯Ժ󣬲Щظϴ˾ãë²Ρ
ԼǿƾٽҲҪںԺʣʱԼСĿ̰ӡҲϴ
ϼ꣬ʱһøһ㡣
οҲü˸һ㡣
ǰʱԺֻ̥
ͣҲǸˣֺȻǲʱǡ
㵹ѧˡָյ˵ֺ˵
׼ֺЩ˼ҵıǣֺˣ¬ϵĻסˣҪֺǸȥ
ֺ״æֽӹ衡
ֺԭҲΪãӹԺ󣬼ֺЦŸļŮ˵˵ҪʹأǱŰ衸Ҳϡ
ﻹܶЦ˵
˵ţ衻СҲɵʱ򣬵ǿֺ衣Ҳ˼֣Ȼֵÿֺ׽ġ
ּұ˶ϡǵ
ԼֺҲǺü衸ôһ磬ǲ⣬ԼֺⱲҲ衸ôһˡ
衸ֵͬãҲûֵͬܣܸǴùϵʱҲڶľ֧
ȴǲЩֻ§żֺĲӳ⺰硭ߡ硭ߡ
Ĵ󣬼ֺûע㶼ûס衡
ֺס֮衵ƨɣֻֿɾͲˣ
ֺηǺԪɣԪ衸ء¬ϽżĻЦ˵
ǣϼĳɵҲ˼Ц⣬ȸɵġ
ȻǺ̵ԸˣǼҲһ´ˡ
ǰҼǵҵոտʼ̺ʱ򣬺ôСһءȻһ£Ц˵Ƕ˿Ȣ޵ˡ
˵Ȣޣ¬Ĵ˵ҼǵôҲ쵽ˣǲҲҪˣ
˵ɩûϸƹδϱɣ
˵ֺҲһֱЩ֮磬ƽﵹҲ̩ɽǰ治ɫ
š³⡣
˵λģǾԵĳǺվһǾһˡ¬Ц˵
˵ǰ⼸λû٩Լ壬ֺ׻Щࡣ
æ˵ǶأӾȴ衸ˡ
˵ֺ꣬첽˳ȥȫû˸ոʱǰݡ
˵ͺ˼ɵڱ湦һȴάֵĲ
Ҳɸֵܣ£ǰû¶
һŽҲģĳ·ϣҲˡ
ټϼҲʵΣǰ㶼û
˸ԼһҪƾ٣ټϼҲʩڼ塣
Ȼǲܷģؾüڸ׼ƾҪõĶʱ򣬸Ҳ׼һݡ
ʮܵ
ƽһסѧȻûʲô⡣񵽵Ҫʿʱ򣬼һ˱ҲЩ׽ˡ
˼סٹ
һٹ뿼һЩҵʱ򣬼廹ԸԼһ
ôסٹȻչˣҲõӿһԺ
ԼæŶ飬ͼڿǰٶ࿴£忼ǣʵҲȫˡ
ڼ忴ǾǼڿǰ԰һԼݼڸԼ̬ء
ɣѧסá
˵ּҵѧҲûǵٹǰ㣬üźʹ졣
ԵĲ˵ǸǵģһǽһȷͨޱеĲѾܴˣ˵Եˡ
ңţ÷򣬴СӶǿƾٽʿһ죬Ǹڵƾٵء
޼֮ء
ⶼٽˣȻҲ߲Ǽأ⶯ˣظסٹ
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Ǽ˸û
⣬ֶԼ˼֡
תۣ㵽˻Եˡ
첻ͼ˱Ҫȥˡ
ҲٹΪ˹֮һĸۡ빱ԺԶȻ⻹øһЩء
Ϊǰ̽״Ԫ˵ľ飬ͼöȫֶõϵġ
ԣſĲҲûΪ꣬ͷǽȥˡ


164 
׼ü֣ϾҲǳ˼ģеָ㡣
ֺǰƵ̽¬ǰƵ״Ԫ˵үӺ¬ˡ
ʵоеļʻǺܴġ
Ժ󣬽ڿĬдһ飬ֺ¬￴ˣ˵ûʲô⡣
ȻˣҲЩȷġ⵹˭Ҳ˵õġ
ǰ˵ٶȰǶûգҲˣҲ˸÷Űˡ
Ĵӣⲻ״Ԫ¥λã˼һȥţſ񵥡
ִȴǲȥʲô
Ͼ־ǰ֮Ƕء
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165 
һȺΧԼϲ·Ѿ֮һ㡣
ӵ·ڶߣĵ˹صֺǴߴġ
ֻоԼĽŶѾϣֱĿûһ氵˼һѣһæЦòǺѡ
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һѣŸоŲʵҲص·ʲôıһ㣬̨Ҳ˲١
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166 
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167 
˭ϵִŸոʹ˵ȥҲͼӵʱ䣬ʹˡ
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ʵһ£ԭھͲˣ˳ȥִƵС̫࣬ȻҲҶֻæ˳ȥ
ûݼαļִƣҲǸרҵԱοʵǰִƵЩ֪ôˡ
ֻ죬װǻһ
ֻǣִƸոտһʵżִƵƨһš
ϼ֣ˣ㻹ҪݣʵִƣžˬˣżִһȦ˵
ʵ۶Ѿʼ˵ˣִƱ֪ʵ۽ǲ۾ֵֻܡ
ִƲҲ֪ʵۿ϶֪ǲװģҲװˣվֱ˵ϣⲻô
úõģʲôˣʵŭ㵹Ǻãˣôһ̯£޽˭ģ
ΪִҪ֪ˡ
ִΪʵ۵ĸͷϵĲ£ǶǶҪģҲǶõġ
ʵЩ˵ĻӣѾ˸ԵǶŻλпģ˭ԼҪĲ£Ȩ١
ԣǷһʵ۸ǰѾ岨ˣҪƼѡʵˡ
Ƽѡǻʵ۵ҲƫƫƼģԼֵµˣס
̴ģʵ
ʵȻǲԼЩԸԾִԺЩ¸ý˭ʵ۶ͷۺܾá
ο²ȷʵкʵѡסûмִǰΡ
ʵȻǲִƣô˵ġ
GϣϼȷʵҲవˣ糯ʱ磬ۺüաִƱ


168 
ޡʵ˼ִһڵǰһ󲡣װв
˵Ҿ͸ˡ
ʵԽԽ
ִȻɣȷʵҲæµҲһЩˣЩȷʵҲܹһ㰵ˣϢͣҪҲ޿ɺǡ
ʵԼִƶսѵԼǶڰ빣
ңԼǰһأţԼŲϳء
ǳҲµڣԼֻղȱء
ôţʵ۲ɵñ
ִƾʲôˣʵԼ벻ء
ϼְֵܰɣʵļִƵļʵ
ʵԼֵִƸҲݣ
ο˵˵ִҲŵϲŭ޳ȴҲǰѻʵ۵ֵܵġ
ִֻ˵Ȼǡ
ȵֵܣξңһңȥˣʵŭ
ʵ˵øһԹƵãִЩЦȷʵһЩΡ
ִҲ֪ʵ۵ȷʵҲùϥµļӽƫƫʮÿһ뵱̳ˡ
ûʵʮֵΪˡ
ʵΪ̳˵̫ʮֵ죬ƫƫĶҲټ̫ѧΪ̫죬ûʵ۲ҲЩ
͵˻ʵ۲ЩʱŷǼӡ
͵ˣʵ۵ļӶսƴ
ǻʵۣҲʵƽ⼸
ִһûʵҲȷʵʱȷʵ»ʵۣһ棬ִҲ֪ʵٵĳ棬ȷʵҲǻʵԼġ
ңԼĵճӶлɵʱ
ִżʱҲᵣĻʵպҲлɵԼʱ
ִƲҶԼʵ۵֣Ȼܼ˲õġ
ִƵǲĻʵۺ̫Խ֣Ǽװ͵͵ֹһ⻹Լģ
ִûʵʵҲûʱȻҲ
ʵ֪ܲҹλصʱ򣬻ʵҲδûкڡ
ԼִƵ죬ʵҲֻװû
ֻԹ˵ϼ֣ʵ˵㵽ΪҪˣ
ִƵҲ˵ǾԼѾʻŽһͣǸֻ̫ܴ۵ⲻҲˣⲻźŪô
ʵ˼ִһڵǣҺ궼Ҫɻˣʮǰ㲻źŪǵڿʼźŪˣ
ִҲΡ
ֺֻǺ˵Ǽ϶Ƕ˫ɰ游ˣϲҸǽš
ִ˵õҲǼٻ
ΪԪΪǸСģּ̳˸ĸŵ㣬÷۵ģﳤȻҲƫ֣ǵҲ¼ִƣΪԼ׵̫ڹŰ壬Ǹϲͼִơ
ʵִ⻰ҲһЩĽ
Ҹԭ;Ǹ鵭˵ʵ۵ЩǸʵƨɵµӡ
ʵˣԺҲԽɹ
Իʵ۵ЩﱲǣǱĸ̵ҪֺûʵۣǼʵ۶սսġ
˾ͽ˾ͽ⣬ʵۻûʲô顣
ϧǣʵ붫ĹϵҲԽĲˣ˾ͽ飬Ҳʵ۸ǰˡ
ҪٲңŲҲϳʵۿִϵһĨЦҲִ֪ڲԼ߳ŭ
ִƼȻѾҪˣȻҲԸڻʵǰһӵӡ
ԣִֻŹĵϻǿҰɣҶˣҲˡ
ִ˶Իʵ˵Ҳôô
ټϻʵִôʵҲִ֪ǲˣպҲȷʵӰֵʱ
ʵҲǳһҲֻͬ˵ִպˣҲþԼ塣
ִ˵ͼйְҲԺգûмִƻʵȨʱķˡ
ȻˣҲû˸侮ʯ
Ͼ˵˵ִƻʱʵ빬УִվǼڵġ
ֻǣԭּ˳ȥʱ򣬶µģά
ȴǱ˲١
ЩʱΪ֮ŵἤңӵҲ໥˳ۣԹڦҲǳ¡
ּΪ̫ӵףȻҲǱ̫ӵ
ԭмִڣڼִıȨЩǸĿ϶£ִƣٲüִˡ
ִƼûʵȨЩȻҲ˼ּɵ
˵ʵǲҶԼּҸʲôǼʱȻҲŲٳżּȥ˵ġ
Ϻ¬ԭͲϲΧŷеģȻܵø˴򼸾棬ǵҲӦ硣
ʷϣǸϲųġ
ЩˡǶΧˣʷϲЩþʷϵıֺݵװҲû˸ҵ˵ʲô˻
ʷȻЩӦɵҲûʲô
˵ֺˡ
̫£̫׵ܵܣ۸˼⡣
ǸĹټŻģĹǶĶϲһס
ִԭձȨʱЩҲҸܣ±һύȨ֮ӵ
ǣⲻǼִѾô?
üø侮ʯͷ
ӷҪù֡
ֺǱŶ飬ƽҲҲǸ˾ͽżǼֵܽãȻûκӰġ
Ϊ޵ļּŮҲܵһЩӰ죬ɵֺǻʵ۸ǰĺˣűǰ;Ҳû˸ǰڡ
Ǵ̣֮ǰȻ˵Ǹٹ˹ϵ׼ִư˭ȷִƻ᲻ʲôʱ㸸Ů֮ŵ
ִƼȻѾȻûٹ˼żִˣλ̵ȻҲǲùһЩ
˭ִ֪ûãʵһʥּ纣ȥ֪ͬ
˺÷ѽˡ
Ҫ˵ֺڻԱҲûãҲõεʱ
ңĸ֮٣ǱȲٵģֺǼڵģŸ꣬Զģ˭ܼǵֺ˵ġ
˵ʵֺֺ񲻶ԡ
ϾֺǰòŸո˴Ʒ궼û˰ףǨٶȣʵڲǱʵӡ
Ҳ²ȻˣֻÿǼִȻ˵˻ʵۣʵ纣
ʵûüּ˿üִƵŮ⵶ǸǻһֺǴ˿ŵǶֺ˵һˡ
ԣ˵Ƕٹ˼֡
β룬ֺͼҲǵ
ϾֺԭǹˣҲ
οֺʱĲ۷ǳҪȥģȥݵ֪ͬҲ˽


169 
ֺǶ֪纣Ҫŵġ
ټϣ޸纣ôЩ꣬ΪָһֱţҲûعգûּҵĶعּլ
ȥҲʱˡ
֮⣬ּҷ·ҲûӰˡ
ֵվɵֵվɶ飬ִǰҲ޲
ֺӼѧʶȻҲûбҪԵѧһ㣬ҹ̵ֺҲҪɻʱһżңүӽҲˡ
˼ִƵķǵն⣬ֺҲʮֵС
ƽﶢż飬ϼִƿģؽСģپȥһЩȤ飬⵹ʵС
ֺ֮ǰԵЩ鿴ˣȥһһЩ
ֺЩ꣬ڼִƵı޲֮£˵ѧܱȹѧϵĳɾֺͣѧ϶ǳɫ
Ȼ䷽棬ֺҲϾͨ
ֻǣֺҲϰţͷǰټϼֱֺǼ̳˸ĸеŵ㣬öһİģ
˵úˣǾǼֺʱģˣǾǸնһ㣬֪ģ׵˵һ䣬ֺȫû̳е游İӢ䣬ǲּˣżˡ
ؼֺȥҲվȥ̡
ֺᰮ飬ÿѮܸ̣С˶·ҲϤúܣֺȻҲǷĵúܣԺ󣬱ſʼոԵ顣
ֺ鿴أͷСȴһ󾪺Ȼͣ
ҪǼֺϰ꣬ҲȵȻʹȥˣֺԱߵԭŲҪֺˮأôһ˴͸˦ȥˡ
üֺһѣű˦ȥ
ô£סԺæƿӣͷʵ
磬ʵܹңոͻȻܳһСݳСæ˵
СֺҲĶԻæʵǿ˵ˣ
˵ţֺæƿҪ³ȥơ

ϣģ¼ֺʲô顣
ټϣ˵ɵˣרŴŸ˼ҵɣǸСۣʱ˿ô죿
ֻʱ򣬼ֺѾˣҲڲֺֻܼææظżֺ³ȥ
ֺԺ󣬾ͿһСӣͷ¶ģģˡǱˣֻ㶵ؿŵûʲôˡ
ֱֺ˲΢һҪʼ
ֺסС˺͵ӵСܡ
׷ԼС¸Ӳҵˣ˽ѾӾҪˡ
̸ֻ䣬׷СİϰҲѾ˸ǰֺһʹɫסСһԼס˰ϰ塣
оϵˣȻǲº񣬼ֺסԼϰЩҸʲôСӶ͵Һüˡ
˵ţϰЩôҰ̣ƫƫСֻ͵ҷǵץסʣҸʲôʲôԹ
ϰȻ֣ɿҲжŭǵ춹ģֺҲֻЦ˵͵ٰӣҪǮռˡ
ϰԭҲ֪һСؤ͵˰ӣǮҪˣ׷СҲΪһˡ
ȻԩͷԸСǮϰȻԸ⣬
ҲʨӴ󿪿ڵˣȻǲᱨһƵֳֻԼ͵İӵ˵Ҳ࣬Ƕʮġ
ֺԭѾҪһͨˣѾӺɰһˣϰô˵Щ죬һ㶣Ҳ߿ϰ֡
ֻǣӼȻѾ˳ǼֺҲջȥˣֻӵݸϰɹˣ
ϰԭҪӵģֺ飬ȴֲҽˣæջ֣ڰ˵òôࡣ
ȸˣŰɣֺЦ˵ʣµı㵱ǸСؤķǮɡ
ֺҲǸʥĸѡ֣³Բ𷹵˶ǣСҲǣҪǿżֺǮʩᣬɢٹļҲƣﲻ˶ˡ
ֺȻǸԼѧɺ֮ǹΪ²ġ
ǣȻϣҲԵֺ֣ȻҲԹۡ
ڼֺΪʲôûֱӰӸСؤΪطټϸոͣͰϰ׷ϣѾۼ˲Χ۵ˡ
ǼֺǮǸССҲסЩǮƣֺǰߣž˽Ǯˡ
ǰ̵ϰ壬Ӫ̣ҲЩͷģǶӣȻҲΪЩԹ
ոչϰУҲ֪ǸˣӽҲСؤˡ
˵䣬ҲѾСؤˡ
Сؤֺϰ彻̸ֻΪֺǸϰһģҪѾܣһֱţԲæסСؤ
ֺСؤԺ󣬳Сؤ֡
СؤЩԥֺҲֻңңضСؤ˵պҲȥԵĵط͵ˣѾλϰ帶ǮˣֻҪӳԱǡ
Сؤû뵽ֺȻǸǮǶԼֺһЩġ
Ҳһ꣬Сؤ˾ģ˼ֺһԺͻȻðһ䣬ҵġ
ңҲˣ̵ϰ˵
⻰ȻǸʾ䣬ζȴ˵ƶ
Ȼ󣬵Ҳһ˼ңοС͵ӶЩˣֻ˵Сûҵҡ
ҪȻԾǶƵˡ̵ϰҲƣʵһ˱æùҪƣǵظСؤһưˡ
ҵõңСؤ粵ֻǱ粵꣬૵ֻǲҽˡ
ֺԭϰԸСؤ㲻ٹܣ಻ٸϰһЩǮˡ
СؤĻֺЩɻ
ļˣԼﶼҪˣҲɻ
ɻţֺȴƳСؤ·ȻõģȫۣϡɼȴǺõģСؤ½󴦣Ȼ廨
Ѱ˼ο£½۵ĵط廨
ˣ߰ɡֺãСؤϺЩѰԳ˵


170 
ҵ˭ңֺЩ򵥡
СؤԭΪֺǮһЩ裬ֺôʣһ˲侯ľˡ
Сؤٵؿ˼ֺһۣѸٵͷֻ˵£˵Ҳûá
СӣҪңǲλү˵һ˵ϰȴ˵
˵ţϰ廹ָָֺϵıǡ
ҴϣԼĶرǣٹȻҲǲ⣬ֻǼֺǸϲˡ
ϵҲûٹıǣֻǹ˸ְˡ
ǣھؽ磬ܹϼֱǵģеӵıܲµǹЩϵ
ϰǿ˼ֺݣųԵ㲦Сؤ
Ҫˣбȱżּҵ÷㡣
Сؤԭ뷴Ҫҵûа취ǵϵǸԺ󣬸ոſֱˡ
Сؤϸϸش˼ֺۣƺȷϼֺǲǸˣֺüۺЦģŷ·С˵ٹٹҵ游
ʲôٹվڼֺԱߵ
ɺϵ飬ţһСؤײСؤҪѰˣѰûþٹ
ɺϣ˲ãǹƺõġ
Ҳ𣿡СؤľԺɫʱ˼֣૵
ҲǲУȸһɡֺҲʵ̫ɺˣ·һٹ塣
ѾվڣȻûе岻ڵĵ
ȻڰԼȴ
£ȻǵȰҳǡ
Сؤ˵Ҫżֺߣ˶٣Щ̫Ը⡣
ֺҲǸСؤᣬֻԹԵȥ
Сؤһ׻Ǹ˼ֺĽŲ
ǸСؤżֺԼԽż˼֣ԼҸ˵ļƲߣæżظֺ˵ССһ˵ѵģɱƭˣǼңôıү
ϵ㷿ԭҲǼּҵˣȻǲּ֪֮ǰЩ
ٹֻмôһּ̣ҵλҶòǶǶԲϵġ
ּܲĸɣ
ƽ޹ðôһȻнĵġ
ֺΪϻƹˢᣬԵǼǵ׵ʱ򣬺һĸã˼ǸŵĴ⣬ǻ
ֻǣ֪Ϊʲô̼ȴǻĪ
ǰСٹôֻλùõСˡ
үСؤԭܱտռżֺЩ裬еıүԺСؤͻȻЩӦˣǡ
Ȼ֪ٹôֱȥٹˡֺСؤʵ
СؤԭӵĻʵģֺ⣬ֲЩɥ
ȥǡŷҽȥСؤɥ
ûȥٹƽǧǡ
ԭСĺӣǧ·;Ѿʮֲףһ·ҲûϣǱǸӲˡ
ο˲
ԭƽݳʱϻģֵǮĶҲв١
ǣûƽݣѾ˺ü׷ɱ
ЩľɲڰԼԼ¶߲ƽݡ
ǣ˰ϣǧǿ˾ǡ
ֻһ·ǮҲͺľˣֵǮĶҲȥǮ
ֻܿһ·֣ǿ˾ǡ
һ·ֹˣ浽ȥټϣƾ֤ûС
ٹĸŴ󻧣һڵСȥ
ʲô˵ңʲôƾ֤
ٹֲʲô˶ܽĵطҪǽܷСҲҪô죿
СȷʵеŵСҲԲΪô֮ģͷȥʱ˲Сʲô۵Ǿ´ˡ
ΪҪĵŵСҲǸСģȻǲ֪ٹλ顣
ּλⲻǸոոŹүȥˣټּұүҲ꣬ǰλСô
ԣŷͰСԳٹ磬ɵġ
ҪǿСȷʵСֿŷھŴӽ˸ϳȥˡ
ԣСȻǽٹġ
ֺһСؤҲӦˣҲȥֻ˭ٹģ
Сؤô飬ȥ˼ֺۣͯԼĸףСǲЩܡ
ֺԭٶʼ䣬ǿСؤǰģ֪ԼᵽСĴһʱ֮ҲЩٶˡ
οСؤѾԼˣʲô֪ģպʵҲü
ԣֺҲȥ
СؤȷʵҲǹƭǼҸģٹͷȷʵֻмôһλ̣˼˰졣
ãСؤǴˡ
Ͼһأ
Ǽȷʵֻһλ̣ǴˣǸСؤ
꣬־úҲ̫ԡ
ϾҲû˵һ˵Ĺ̵ġ
Ұ˵ľٹҰٹĶǱ߹ض֪ġСؤ˵
ȻǰٹˣټԼҲǵ
СؤԼҲûʲô·СͬͲһ㣬ȫ˵˳
ҺСʱ˾˵ҵǴͷ˵ٹŮ


171 
ٹʲôǱ߹أٹǻ˵оĴӢۣ˭˲СؤԼ׵ʱЩ˵ٹŮȻû˸۸ǡ
ҵǸȻҲǶģǵ˵ʲôΨһˣɲһǰͻȻˡ
ҵͻȻʹһŮţҪȢƽޣ˵ʲôͷһֻСϰĶӡ
ȻƽǱߣ˶ٹθôԴЩɻ
һ֪СĵͷһңӶѾˣ鱾Ͳʲôʵ顣
ҴؼƽޣǸ顣
СĸٹŮ˵ǰ㣬ٹ˾Ҫڱ߹ģٹСԵܣǶȥǼſ÷ȥ
οлٹء
ǼִڲŮȴҲԼѪ˵۸
磬λ˲۶ӵĴ̡
ΪִԺΪ˿ɽڷҵҲùˡ
˵ִͷųȥ˵ԼŮˣ˵λڷ裬ȴҲֱӾϣ˴̵ķһɫ
ٹŮҪǼִԼŮһҼҵõûطվǲ˵ɱƽȥҲ϶ʹȥλ̳ġ
жĵӣ˿ٹŮ
ңһǰǸʱִƻûأ˻ûߣȻҲˡ
СĸףλͻȻ޿أ
ôһ룬ֺʼЩɻˡ
ԭҲٹԶСؤԼôһʱ䣬Ѿٹſˡ
ˣֺһſڣſڵСǾһѷΧżֺˣýŵŵýŵţҪֺŲ
ǵûֺһСˡ
СؽôЩӣ·࣬ϵζҲôţ͵ԭһѷΧСˣæһ
ôһСؤ
ĪǸǸС飬Ҫͯ
ֲûˣҪٴһ
ǣͷģǼ֪֪ס
żֺȥС˽š
ү̫̫ǿڣֺոսţתͷʵ
ſŵģСˣƽĻƣҲſţ֪ڵ
ִƺʷûгţǵ
ĵæү̫̫ûȥء
˵ִƺʷ϶ڣֺæ̧ȥ
ˡԧ쿴ֺæҪֺӡ
ԧһӣһЦ˵ոսʹںͷԵء
˵ţԧֿ˼ֺŵСؤ
˵Сؤһֳӣʵڸǰ㷱ģЩ룬ԧ쵽ʷϸǰĴѾߣҲǼġ
СؤģԧɫҲû¶ֻǴ˵ɻؿżֺЦʵǣ
Ҵ·ϼġֺü˵С
ֺ˵Щˣ·Сؤ˲٣ȴΨС֣ˡ
Сؤֺ֪˵Լæϵҽ֪ġ
ģԧֱԼҸǿСҪСؼңϸСϣҲֿܿɰ
ԧЦ˵ˣҪȻ˭ȱӵģ˻ȥϸɶҲá
ԧԭ˼ǣ⺢ӿҲ꣬ԶԶûԼϲԼʱ򣬵üּЩûӵ˼ңȥҲһӻĵط
С򵥣⵹ʧΪһ⡣
ƫƫ⺢ӵ󶼲֪˶¡
ֺҲûԧ˵ףֻԧ游ĸҲô
̫̫ŸԵءԧүڿԺ˵ǡ˵ҪϵԺӡ
ǻͷùð游ȥֺ
үԧԽɻЩǼֺķԸԧɻ󣬽ȴһ㶼ɣæūȥ
ԧȥִˡֺŴ֪Ľҡ
ԭ˶ϰسԵأֺˣæվ
ֺýֺԪͼæʹһһֺѾһЩˣǲٸ׵ֳֻվڱϣ۰Ͱ͵ؿֳ
֪ĵҲСЩȻãֿЩˣЩţֻಽظڼֺͷԪȼ˶û
ֱԪͼһһ߱סԼֳĴȣſԼֳȻһˡ
˲Ҳİɣ
ԪͼʱһЩ˫̥һ§żֺȲɿһĬض֪Ŀͼ֪Ͽʲô
֪ԭЩţټϱ̥ſԽ֡
֪ľǼֲֺؿ˼ֺ֡
⿿Ԫͼʱ˹Ȼͬģͬ磬˭
ԭﱲǺʷȻֵÿģҲûôԪżֺֻҵļܼϱлԪͼĻ̧ͷֺ󻹸һСؤء
ǡʷû뵽Ӳǳȥ飬ôʹһСؤˣ
ĸ游ˣٽͰɡֺʷ˸Ҿ
㲻硭ԪԭԼԼĸûԼĻ
˵ţԪŰżֺ½ǵģ֪ĵ֡
Ԫ֣ǡֺԭҪȰԪִƵͷ
ʲô飬úһЩҪβԺء
ִƼȻѾ£һҪٹľλˣǵʱʷϱǸ̫ү̫̫ˣסԺҲЩˡ
ԣִƱʰʰԺΪʷϵ֮
ִƶţͽλ˼ˡ
ֻĻʵۣеúܣִҲȥ̼ʵһأžλһϡ
游Сͷġ
ֺֻ˵һ룬㱻ִƴϵ˸Сͼ˸С£ֲͷģ⻹Ҫһ
ִЩͷֲʲô¡
⺢˵ĸףŮ
ʲʲôӵŮ²Ǽִˣʷ϶סˡ
ּұһԪ͵СһЩҲеĵֻǰԼģּͬұܡ
ԣǱܣ


172 
ʲôܣӦǱ硣ʶطԪһ䣬ĸǲǣ
ʷûʲô˼Ԫֱ浽ǱܻǱ磬ʷֻ˵ġ
Ͳֲ׵ˣȻܽǰ˴ǾζСؤɻߴġ
ټСϻ΢һЩִʱĺۼģʷѾ߰˷֣СľǼִƵ
ɼִϵļŮ¼޵ͬһ㣬Ҳڼƶüĺӻؽ֡
ǸǼִϵŮ
ʷʱԼдףǰԴףɵ׻Ǽִ˸Ůǰͷġ
οȢˣʷϸ׶óˡ
ֻǣǾͲǳԴײԴ׵ˡ
ǣ¹ؼּҺʷҵˡ
ѼִĴɷ򶼱ƵҵĵزˣʷϵжСܳԴס
ʷҪӵˣʷ϶飬ʱ˻ڱЦԼЦʷҺͼּҡ
ţʷϾͺ޺޵ص˼ִһۣⶼʲô°
ƽҵģִĪر޵˺üۣһ±أʲô֣
ִҲǹܲסԼˣһͷԹһСִȻҲȷúܣԼûʲôͷŮ
ִ뵽ľԼǸô׵ĴŮ
Ѳƽʳԣƽֻܽͷؤûٹˡ
ϾΪӣҲúĸһĸף˵ٹҲûʲô
ʲôƽ֪ĺһʵǲ֪Χ֮ڣټӵĿⶼǿģԽ˼ֻ֣ҽ֪ġ
ԣ˵Ƕ겻ˣŮҵϼִƻ֪ģǴƽģ
ΪһЩ飬Ů޸ƽһԵУξ
ĪǶŮҵĺӣ
ʵǲִּƸûԼǸŮǷ룬ʵǣڶǰǵĸŮ־Ѿˡ
ŶǸӣٹֶλԼĶҵٹ
οƽݵǣǿǧ
ǰСʵιһǧǵġ
ţִƲüͷأôһ˾ǣ
֪Щӣԭһֱţ³κβԼҲңԼСҲûˡ
ôǽ˼ּңҵ游ǰｻҲһˣ֪Ҳһ
ԭ֪񾭴ʱ룬ԼƽݵʱҲǱϵġ
ȴѾԼˣִƵʻ֪ټǿЩޡ
ҰѾˡ
Сӷ·Ҳʲôɻ䣬ôֱ׵˵˳
߸֣ȴüִƵζ˻Ρ
˵һͶϾϵ˵ŮҲʮ겻ˣԼ׷˺ڷ˵ϢüִҲʵЩԳܡ
أܷһǡ
ʷ˵ǰӲǼִŮ֮ӣӦҲ˴롣
ִЩˣЩ˼伲飬ټǰӸĸҲͣʷϲҲͶӱ˼ͬ顣
ǰӴϼأȥҲǽϣҲС˺͸ģʷǵĵòС
οôСô·ء
ǰӣҪԼһĸ⣬ԼûаֹϵʷϾԼҲԲôһСһȥôԶĵط
ʷֻ˵һ룬ס졣
֪ĵĸ׿ף֪οССһء
֪ĵĵĺֱˡ
ҵ֪ڻЩãȻ
֮ǰԼһֱĵģȻΪæԼʱ򲻶࣬ÿλԼֵָĳʳߵġ
ΪһϦ֮䣬ͻȻˡ
ԭẰԼģԼٸ߸ߵİ˵ǸӣҪͰϳȥ
ԭһֱ念İҲͻȻͲˣûûˣֻǰԼǼдֵ·游
ˣ·
֪ǰĽ·ΪҪ顣
ǰ˵˵ģǧҪ游ġ
游жǧҪ㡣֪˵ţҪʼԼϵ·
֪һ·ƽݵǣ˵ոճʱ֪ҲǴǮƵģǸʱƽݽ֪ĸסõꡣ
˵û߶Զ֪ϵǮƾΪͱƭһɶˡ
Ϊ̫ڼ֤֪ݵ壬֪ĵѺ·ϵһũˡ
㣬֪ο·ϴ¡
οǻҪдֵ·֪ĸǲһϴ
ԣ֪ϵζʵڲôš
ԭΪ֪ڴˣҲϰϵζ
һ·ԭЩŵζͿʼɢˣִƣʷϺͼֺΪȻܹܣҲ֪Ҫչ֪ĵ棬Ȼǿ¶Щʲô
Ҳ΢Щټ˼ϸ壬ҲǿܹסԪСɰʱҲеƣ¾˱µó
֪ļȻ˵Ѿȥİǧ򽫶ִơ
ʲôĶ֮ǰǵ׵ĶӶһ͵ⶫ֪ŵġ
ֺһ±ֲ֪֪ǣ˶ٵıء
飬ҲʺüС֪ټϣԪζء
ֺԱ˵ŵܵȥͷɡ
ȻЩģЩ֪ĵҪִʲôԱҪżԪȥ
˫ԭζˣοǴ磬öȥء
Ҫ˫ĥƤӣ˾ͱıǣżҪȥ
ִҲʶ֪ҪĶЩ򵥣±ź˵Ƕȥɡ
˶º֪ߵ·ҲѾˡ
֪ĵֺһ
أдӬͷС֡
ٵ֪Ľֺŷ֣Ϊʱˣټ֪һ·պͺˮּīˮдĺɫǺɫġ


173 
дӬͷСֺ֣ſ˼ۣ͵һȻֱӾͰ˼ִơ
¹شǼֺΪˣҲ飬ʵ̫شЩ
ִƿʱ򣬾ѾЩԤС
ִƼʶ㣬սɳ꣬ǺɫּīˮѪɿԺӡ
ʲô飬һӲضϾ˹ϵŮдѪ飬ǧ׵Ķ͹
ȵֺֻ˼ۣصؽݸʱ򣬼ִԽã飬ûô򵥡
ִƽӹۣ֪˼ֺΪǰˣִüͷȫݣѾܲˡ
дĴԽѾͬū˹ᵽһ𣬴ƽݣū֧֡
ΪƲģŸ߹ٺ»գƽǱߣҲв˰ͶԽͶĹ
һͷо˲ɷҲ֪ĵĵǶ֪ͶԽְλ
ͷ֣üִƿöЩľ
˵ͷоٵĻ϶Щ¼ľ٣֮࣬üִһ
ԽǴӵĸңԽΪʲôȻǲԶˡ
οȻѾƽݻūı֧ˣ£Ҳ֪ˡ
ִŲ̾˿ǺͿ
ΪǵʦִƲ̹̫ӣҲǽ̹ӵģ˵ڴѧϵ츳أ̫ӣִƿܸƫЩӡ
еƫƽĶִۣҲǾã̫ӱȴʺʵ۵Ķࡣ
οִΪʵĸҲǲܲͽ֮Ķ
ò˵ִԭһֱΪ˵˻ʵۣɵҲһսպյش󽫾
ӵ˽ռϷ磬¶ǿˡ
ƽȻ˵߹أҲģ˵ƶ񤣬ЩʱõݣǶÿ͢
ƽǳʵûʲôá
ɣ΢Щ³ʶ˶֪ƽǾǱΨһĹذˣƽݸøūպūҪ򾩳ǣֱӾֱܳ룬ĹذûС
ʧȥƽݣ֮ͻ˯ˣȵ˽ɽ
ԣ֮δã˵ǹﶼûǮѣ̫Ϳʼȥפƽˡ
ӼԴͼݣٵִƣּҾҲǾˣŽū˴ˣвƽɧš
Ϊƽּǣ̫פƽݵĻ϶ǼּҾڰﶼƽݹ˼ּҵţ˵ƽݰֻ֪ٹֻ֪ʵۣʵЩ߸Ҳʵǲûʵ۰ĵġ
Ϊ躹ޣƽȶԺ󣬾ͽ˱ּҵҲ϶˻
ƽݵزҲɸأֵԽƽݡ
ԭ֪ĵĸԽҲǸУξھӪҲʲô߼٣˵ҲԽ£ȴҲʵ̫֪֪ǶĻһôһլ֪ˡ
ǰͷҲ˵ˣƽǾ˼ּ˵Ŭū˲ġ
ԣƽݣƽݰУ־ѾŲһĺˣοǼִƵŮˡ
Խܷõ
ɣλִƵŮҲ־أⲻһļô
¹شԭԱС֪Ա֪ôϸôһȻҲ֪ܵ顣
˭ԱǼִƵŮء
ԹʹҲ֪˵һǧһūϣʵڲʲôվסŵ飬˵ƽݵЩʿ֧ˣٱǣǶǺõˡ
ǣֻҪԱڣмּҵλһڣôֻҪôһڱ߹صİպͽʿǿǾٹҲ֧Խ֧ūϵġ
ƽݽʿͰĿеս񣬼ִƵţǾ͸һˣȻǻСϺܶࡣ
ƽٵĽʿǳԼּҾּܹҶݵģԱȰ˵ȰͶԹļȻǻϲˡ
ΪҪԱٹųȰ˵ټԱΪԼٻͶʵǲ
ԽոֻƽݣҲȷʵûʲô֣ԱڿҿңⲻðԱ굱ĸ
ôԱҲǿٹŮݣƽؽϻˮĵزģϲ㽫ҲЩġ
ԣԱһȻװҲҪװЩ
ҪȰ˵ЩͶԽͶǶôٹţֲһٹĵŮվ
ԱһȻֻԽڵķݡ
ƫƫһʵǲִ̫ǣʲôϵ
ͷԵҲʵЩӡ
ִƳɻδãͷ˻ȥƽݴˣʷΪ¸ȴǱ˾ǣΪź򳤱ȻҲЩΪʵԭ档
ִǻȻᣬٹһֽ̳ġ
ټƽݵĽǾٹһִģȻǷִִԵƽԺ󣬾ʹ˼ʤ̣ǰūסˡ
ūǿΪģ϶ǿԷģƫƫЩù⾰ôãˮ࣬ݶû٣ǵȵ˶ţǶ֪١
ܴƽЩǮǵĶôù
ƫƫƽߣִƴżּҾصһūСģ˼ΣǶֻܰˡ
Ȼ򲻹ǾֻһЩаˡ
ͽһλλȨصὫ죬󲻹ǮŮˡ
ɼִƵǳٹѾ츻ˣЩǮοϡ
οִҲΪǮƣͶˡ
ԣ˱żִʢûߣϼòŮӣִΪ͵ͷϣͨһһǶѾǲˡ
οܴͷء
ͽִƵô룬οūǶˡ
ǻһء
͵òһܴͷŮӣӦء
ôһٶõ飬ūȻûǹġ
ū˵壬紵ܣŮڶ࣬ԭĳƺš
Ǽ֮ʣڶ࣬Ϊβ˼Ůӣȡ֮ء
ū˱Űͼ˸ִơ
ִ˵ʢҲȷʵϲˣףҲ־ˣһŽҵأλСϡ
˵ͨˣʩòɣֻҪ谭˼ִƵ־ִƶ࿴һۣοū͹λεĴıء
ȻÿǴŴ̵õ壬ҲûҪˡ
Ȼˣ¼ִˣƽݵļִƵЩ岮ֵǣֱܰѼִƵȴۡ
ūշת˶ΣҲû͵ִƸǰ
ūŮͲִƸǰⲻǻƽݵô
߹صսʿԭþǳϦӣ˭֪ϻЦӯӯظԼȾƵˣϻ᲻սϡ
ϦӣúдҲѹֵúܡ
ûսʱ򣬱߹صĽʿǲЩҲϼ
ִΪΪʿУҲøŽʿ֣ͬҲǺϼѡ
ƺȶˣͲЩ⡣
ִҲû뵽Լһ߻һİŮӡ
ԭҲֲԵģֻǾнʿǺȾȡʱҲʱо㡣
вЩŵģüִƲˣִƽҲûźˣǱȻǵøִһŮźС
ƫƫƽǱ߹أشƫ紵ɹģҲɫõŮӡ
ŵ˻ţִƵǾǳĹӣ۹϶ñѰ˸ϲ٣˱Ѱƽݶûҳһ
ƽݳУһɫŮӡ
ƽΪūսı߹سУżּҾţɵ׻ǻвٵʧЩֲЩǺˣЩūˡ
Ϊŷֹϸװڣڳңսڼ䣬Ȼǲǽƽݵġ
һЩǺūͨµĺЩѪȴǱ嶼ݵģȻҲֻڳסš
ö֮ЩƽݸҲһѳһЩɽֵΪ
ΪЩҲǶۼΪ˻ӣΪͬ룬ƽ߻ūǶû˻ȥ棬ôҲǰҵҲϰؼ
ҲΪˣŵ˶ǾɫŮӵҲû̫ࡣ
ִƾͲһˡ
˵ӼִƵƽЩִƱūƽͶȡɵﰵ͹֪ٸˡ
˵ִ֪Ժ󣬾Ѿú˻ˡ
Щ˵úһ㣬ڳǽѾҵ˵ģɵҲвǹ˵Ѫӵģ׼֮ͽҲ١
ԣǶ絹ʮֵı뺷
һľɫŮӣ˵һ޸ĸģĻġ
ִǲŮ˵ǰ㣬װ׵ġ
˵ŮȷʵɫֲִȱŮӡ
ִƽݣ˵ҲūѾ˼ˣ˵ףִƲǰߴ̵ģƽݵġ
ͬ
磬ƽﻹһִסòǾӪǽ
ֱ˵ִƽݵʱ򣬻Ǵź檵ġ
ֲִȱˣԸôһλεк󻼵Ůӡ
ƫƫŮӵۼִβ飬Ƕʮֵ׵ġ
ִ˸ˣӪ֪ġ
ŮʲôûУִƾͽ˴ˣʵԵЩ飬ýʿ֪ˣãպִƶҲǷصģüִʵڲһЧҵ
Ϊ࿼ǣִƾҾͽΪһ裬ڽˡ
ʲôΣƽݵСȻǸɱۣԼǹٸһŲµҲԡ
ϾƽӿЩƽݵŮӺټ޵Ķв٣Ѹټ޵Ҳв٣ͬǸŮɫмִƱýټ޳ȥȻǲѡ
ִ뷨Ȼǲǧ㣬Ҳû㵽ŮӾȻˡ
Ǹʱ򣬼ִƲųɻûãϥ±˵ǵˣӶûУֻһŮˡ
ҪǷŵ˼ңӻŮǶ̫ڵճӸǰټŮӻǸģ⺢Ӷûġ
佫ңٹǾֲһһЩ
佫ԭǰԴڿϵģǳϦ˭֪һսͻʬܵ¸
ңִһֻ֧мִôһ硣
ִи⣬ٹһ֧Ͷˡ
ԣִƵЩ岮ֵǶŮӶĺӣָ⿴Щ
˵ֻҪǼּҵ֣ǼִƵ޲ô
ˣ˵ʱȥ¡
ҲΪУŮڽĴ˲٣ƫƫŮӺȷʵûκè壬ﲻԼ̥ѡ
˭ܶһؼ㲻иʲô䱸ء
Ҳôһؼиٽʱ͵ƽݵľ²ͼǼִСĽֵüʱְŵ׵ƽ͵óΪū˵ĳǳˡ
ŮӵǺãӵʱѲһغˣֻһ˫Ů
ԭֻŮټĸһݣŮҲЩ
ִǻҲᣬԭҲͲһиŮֵˣټǻִҲæŴս
ԣִһŮĸҲ˵ʮֵ裬û档


174 
ŮҲǼִƵ۵㣬˵صģǼִƵֵüʱִǶܱͨǣּҡ
ԲǼִƣżּҵҲô
ȼִƻؾǵʱҲûнŮؾǣֻƽݵĽаˡ
ǼִƵŮټƽݵĽг˼ִ⣬ҲԶƽҲûܵκεĵ
ΪҲȷʵôʡ
鴫ȥԼִƺͼּҾŶд˺
ԣǼҲֻСΧ֪ˡ
ƽݵĴ󲿷˶ԣǾλǴӢٹŮеĵ
ƽ˵޸ĸϣӹõҲһ˿
翪ţ˵ƽǱ߹أŮս̵ĶУȻӱ뺷һ㡣
ͷҲûгԼֶţҲǽݵӣﶼϲ
ŮòôʣҲŮִҲ϶ϲܷŮܵġ
ԭִǣҲøһùޣʷĲ˼ңһʲļױտţҲû˸۸ȥ
ŮҲǸױ飬ҲʷʲôʷȻֵôȣŸź¡
ϾŮ޵úˣԼĶ˵Ҳһ
ʷ⻹ûѰأǶѾ˵Ҫ˼ҵ飬Ȼˡ
˵ʷĸҵ˼ҲãѾˡ
ԭôִΨӣͼһһĲŵҲִ֪ǸŮġ
ִŷж︣Ȼϲˣһֱ˵Լ氮
ټִ֮ĸŮԵԭҲǳŮѾʮ궼ûˣִƶҲǲʲô
λ˵ļҾ΢ЩҲǶ͵ױ顣
ƫƫλˣʵڲʲôһˣūһҵĶӡ
ǰͷҲ˵ˣ߹صš
ԣŮ֮ޣȻҲǿͬһ㣬档
ԭҲǻòӣȻҲܵͷȥ档
żҲʱȥȥ
ôȻҪģȻҲǻẰϼԼһȥԵġ
ЩҲԼѸһԣԱȻҲǹ̶ġ
ֻǲ֪ǲɺϣȺһӣÿһԶӰ
ӲԵļҲʮֵĸ߳ÿȥ˶ض顣
ԭǴȶͣŮ˫ɲŮòôһɲǿ
ټڣδɲ֣밮ô
ԭ˵Ҳٯٯϼ졣
ⲻǣִѾʼʷϸ˼ô
ſʼˡ
ƽݵĽһֱŵģ޷һ˵ԼҪŻˡ
ֱֵ˼ִƸǰȥ
ֱʱﶼ֪Լɵļҵɾء
ִԭҲȫŮȥλɣҪûʲô⣬ȫ˵Ҳ޷
һʹˡ
λˣūˣݻһ㣬ǸҵĶӡ
ִͬˣ
˵Щƽ߻ūǶͻѪˡ
Уݵʲôʲӵ氮
ִʵڲţһūδ죬¼ҳԼŮŮ鳤
οֻ˵ĸǶִֻʲô氮Ǳĸࡣ
˵Щūƽū֮ĹϵҲ΢һЩɵףһū͵͵ƽżִƵŮһԡ
ʵڲûıӡ
ƫƫʵ޷죬ִƲͬŻ£׼Ҫ˽
Ҳ֪ӳ磬ǱߥˣȻҪ͵˼ִƵıΪ
ִΪƽݵؽһ˽ǣִƱ֪ˡ
ԭִֻ˰׷ǡ
ɼִûϵﻹ͵ı
λūӶԭͲĵģҪȻΪǿ͵ıۼñû֣Ҫִץȥˡ
λӲͼذǵҲˣ׼Żȥء
ôһ˫ս
ͷһĻԼɣϵԼȥˡ
ԭ֧Լø˽ﲻȰãԲûıһЩ
֪ĸģڶǰ˵ĸָ֪ɥȪϢ
һһͬãǰһ컹վǰн㣬һѾˣһ˵ﵱǸϸΪˣǽԺͱִˡ
ԭһûŮٱһߥޣǾͱ˼ִĺΨˡ
ܶԼִкɫŹ֡
ҪĶ㶪ˣԼۼöѾܼ˵׹ŮһغˣǽնˣִƵҲʹ첻ȥ
ŸոյأԼҶŮֳ˵ԼǸɱ˷һҪҪɱӡ
ִִ˿е֪˽Ƕ͵͵ģִƶԶȻҲûʲôɫҪѵＸ䡣
ôһ֮ɲͱô
ҲǸʱ򣬶ֱӾҪִƶϾϵˡ
ͷºսҲִ֪޴ɶﵽҲûǵ
ԣԸԼǼִƵŮ
ֻǣƽݶ꣬Լٹ֮Ůɵ׼ִƵЩǶֻ֮ŮԱŮҲп֡
ôһԱԽǰĺ˺ĸˡ
ΪĸԱȻ֪øһЩҲøɵøһЩ
ԭôͶ飬Ͳʲôʵ飬͸ù˼Щ˷ˮˣԺôЩ֤ˣаѱֵˣŲŷġ
ԣԱȻҲһ֤֡
ԱԭΪ˶ݣڸ︮ⶼһĵӵġ
ԣԱŻܵ鷿ϣԱҲǶԶﲻģǽЩ˵ĶصøһЩˡ
ҲöײԱǷ֤ݡ
ԭͲϲԱżִŮţȥʸˣԱȻżִƵţͶ飬̣
˵᲻֪µʱ򣬶ǼִƺԼãɵͣȻףԼū˵ı
˵Ҳһū˵Ѫɵƽݳģĸ׺õѪ𣬶Ȼһֱū˵˵ġ
⿴ŷҪȻ͵ˡ
ȴǼ⣬⼸ʮ˳ģȻҲʲôֱӾ͸Ա곳ˡ
һŭ֮¶ﻹвԱ˵ҪԱͶȥ
飬Ҫȥ˲֪Ա֪Լٲһ֣嶼ñǣˡ
Ա־£һǾǰѶŪֻǲܱסܡ


175 
ֻǣﵽݲһ㣬ǵڣҲվЩִƵľɲҾ
ԱҪֱ¶ѶŪҲ˵ĻɣʱǣǰıĴԱԼȥ
ԣԱһ
ۡ
ԱȢҲǸʣټ϶ҲǸģԱЩȻҶûС
Ҳ֪ٹĶǸԴ׵ġ
ȻˣҲʲô£Ͼô˼ٹĹ檣Ҳ
ԱǸʹҩȻֱӰԼһֱͷҺӴĵؽӽţһֱ˵ôʵڲף̧Ϊƽ޲ǡ
ôﱻôһŵķҲͲʲôܵ顣
ôڷżҲȻ顣
ȻΪ棬˭Ҳʲôġ
Ҳֻ˵ԱǸˡ
˵ܶ࣬ԭִƵЩɲҲΪһЩ
ԱúܣԼͶй¶ȥʵǲʲôȽԼ˴֮˭˵Щʲô
᲻⵽ٹĲԱ
ޣ˵ǲôȴҲ֪ٹĹϵôãٹôôΪͷ
οƽݵľٹŸԼҹͷҲ̫֪¡
ˣԱνǺ޹˼ɡ
ȻҲûЩŶﳤ˼ңЩġ
Ա걳Խο檵˼ҵļ£ֲ˳ĳȻҲͲö˵ʲô
ԱΪԼ֪˭ϵڶûԼĶܳȥˡ
֮ǰǸ֪ĽӴԱʵڲұ֤֪˵Щ飬ǲұ֤֪ͻȻܳȥΪ˽ҷԼ
˵֪ҲԼôıӣЩ˵鱻ҷ˳ȥԼסˡ
ԣԱԾͺҪ֪ҲŪˡ
˭ϵôһССĺӣȻͻƲѲ˳ȥ
Աֻһţһ氵֪һСӼҼҵģ֪Щʲô
ִƿִֺ꣬ӼִӹǼϸϸؿһ飬Ȼ̧ͷִ˵游ҲǼܽģˡ
ִɫҲصúܡ
˵Ͷ飬¹عҴ˵ԱǼִŮ£ҪǱˣǶִƺһˡ
ھͽȥִֺ֪˵еҲϲãȻҪȥʵۻ㱨źһĶԲߡ
ҲڣΪЩ˵һ֮ûƽĴս
ִӼҪ·ȥǼֺ游ɫѾˣٹһӣŶҪˡ
Ĵ£¹ˣߵֺηִ˵ˣɵ׻ǻʵ۵ĸ
ҹߵŶ˵ǲܣǶɳƵļִ˵Ҳһ̫ѵ顣
游ɡֺøЩЯԼͶ֤ݵĶӲֻһ˿ܣԱ궼˶ٹ
˵ֺմһСǴģҲûţˣȻҲ֪ġ
ִƼҴҵȥУǰжٹѱµ֪ѾٹЩͶ֤Ҳ˼ִơ
Ա걨ǣԽԱ걧Ƶ̬ǰʼٻ֤ݻǰ£ⳡҲԽÿˡ
Щ´󶨣߹ضƽ˲٣ūؽҲ֧ˡ
δҲ̫Щֺ
ִҲֲ׵ˣֺôһѣִҲתˡ
֪ĴƽݵǣоѾ֪˶ʱˣʱһһ죬Ҳ޷ˡ
ݾߣǲҪġ
Ȼһ춼ˣҲͲںСʱˣִԾ;͵ȵʵ˳ԭʱһʵ۵Ǹٽȥ
ִƴżֺȥһ·ҲƵģǰ㶼żӡ
ϺǣʲôϼָˡʵۿִƣͿʼ
ʵǼִԴԺӵĹʮУҲòĳˣִȻֲ˼ʵۣҲˡ
ǻʵҲһּüִƽ
ۼѾüûִˣִƽʵ۸ߵ͵䡣
£ʲô£ʵʣִļֺԺҲ˲ϼִ˵üˣֻЦ˵˵ôôأý밲ء
˵Żʵ۱ҪżֺУһżֺһϻ˵ƣ游Сˡ
ʵ⻰һŵļֺͳ嶼٩һ¾ͺˡ
ϣм£ִЩżˣƫƫЩҲڴ֮ͥ³صûʵңֻмִƺͻʵ֪źá
ʲôǱ޵ŮŮҪġʵӣֺǺǵ˵
ʵԴǰһ֮ԽһЩԴ¼ʱ׼ƨɵλõĶӣȻҲûʲôɫ
ǴŮڻʵ˺ŴļŮʵҲԽ۰˼֡
ʵֺͳվһɲŮòһˣ˵ϸϸѯʡ
ϣ游¡ֺԼ游ľͲԭתȦȦˣæԼ游˵
УǺԼ游ʵڷܵϼʲô͸Ͻ˵
ִƿ˴ͳһۣǲҿڡ
˵ЩǶһֱǲվӵģЩʱƫ̫һϵģִҲ֪ӿ϶ûʲôϵɵ׶һ֪Ͷһݷա
ִƻҪԼıŮʵ۵Щãʲôش飬Ҳã
ǴɫִЩԥЦ˵ʣأһȥ̫￴ϻظ˵˵ģŮʹȥ̫ˡ
ִƿŴˣֿŹڵ˳⣬СشӻͳǼдѪĵݸʵۡ
ʵԭΪִм£Ҳ϶ʲô£ǿִƻͳǼʱ򣬼ִƾ֪ûôˡ


176 
ӣʵۿϵѪ֮õ³һѪ
ʵѾسɵľˣҲǾǿӵģǸǡ˪¶ն񰲶ƽ͵Ĵ
ÿһƬأ͸ʿǵѪ˵ūڱ߹صƽˣǴˣĹذ
ĲТӣȻƽȥȡƨɵµĻλ
ʵһֱãԼǱȲϸǿɵԼҲ˸ĴҲʹǰҵˣҲʧΪһþ
ʵţԼ˵£ҲԼĸʿһԼˡ
ʵû뵽ԼˣƫƫϸհӣΪԼƨɵµλãڻҵ˲ˡ
ʵ۾ԼһӢûˣ룬汻˴£պʷǶüһʡ
ںñ˴ż˵Լôһöӡ
ʵ۵ͣҲͲˣǶԼԽһЩ
񿴵ԼӢҪӸƻˣʵûιȥǶǻʵá
οⲻǻʼ飬⻹б߹Ƿֻսͷ
Щ˵Ƿ˳ҲϢû꣬Ÿոճӯء
ʵܲһѪô
ʵ۵ѪǰѼִƺͼֺŵòᡣ
ִҲ˲þ֮ˣæǰסʵ۵ϡ
ִһŻʵۣһҪͳʵ۲ǵѪִƸոͳӣͱʵһѸƿˡ
ϼ֣˰ǸӸ׽ĸңһ˳˼ңʵŭ
ЩʵʩҲԽʴһЩԴЩĹԱҲͬһ㶯ˡ
ȻǶԴܻĹԱǻʵ۶˵ģ׶ӻʵҲ⣬˵ڻʵۿǽ̻ӵԽˡ
ϣɡֺæȰ
ѴץѣѾԽЩҲѣѵǣǧ֮ƽǱߵԽ
ƽǱߵԽԭ߻ʵԶѾ˲²٣ūҲᣬӺ;Խ׽ˣƽǱҪ
´󶨣ҲǳӯһҲó͢Ԫˣ˵һսöٰʧ
ԣܱսڼֺȻҪ߱ս·ӵġ
ʵԭҲһʱ֮䱻Ϳˣһŭ֮˵Ҫ׽ԽˣǱֺôһȰʵ۱ҲӦˡ
ʱ׽Խĵʵڲ̫㣬義һҲɫȥƽݣһʵ̽һ£ԽŴӵûͨôŻȥƽݣҲֱӽЩı֮׽ù鰸Щı֮Ͷıǲϲߡ
һȥƽݵѡһҪؿǵ⡣
ƽǱߵԽפټҲ£˲ٵĵ²٣ǻʵ˻ȥһãҲͷ

˵ּ˴Ѿƽݳ˳ΨһеǣģܾǼּƽݻмׯӣǻʵҲּ֪ƽݵĵλʵ۶Ȳϡ
ƽǱߣֻ֪ٹ֪ʵۡ
ҲǼּ˻ƽݳԭ򣬹ʵڲһ¡
ҪƽҲóΪʵۻɼּҵˣǻʵۻǼִƶóϡ
ƽݣһּ˴űȥûҴͶıɵײø⡣
ּ˵ѡȴǲôѡ
˵ƽǶֻϼּˣҲĸּ˶ϵģ׵ǼִһϵģƽǶͬи࣬Ҳѹסӡ
Ҫ˵ȻǼִȥѹסӵģмִūҲ׽ƽݡ
ִƵͰǶˣ;Ҳһܵס
οִƵݵλҪóȻȥƽݣǸȥԽЩץ࣬һǴݾˡ
ﾩǼִƸոճأƽͷԽūѾˡ
ԣʵõķӣǾǼִƵȥƽݡ
мִҫţвִ׶á
ƫƫִ֪ӶʲôϢˡ
ⲻףظƽҲˣҪ飬Ǽʵڲô˷ġ
ڼִƵĴֶ־ǸӲôˡ
ʵۺͼִưһȦ룬׾ãҲٳҪȼͼ־ҪһЩ
ҪȻö/Ҽϴһ˰ɡʵۺͼִͬ
˵ֶ꣬һۣӱ˴˵۾ﶼһЩԼĲΣȷʵûбȼõѡˡ
ʵڲУɸһ죬ɼС˸һȥִ֣Ҳԣ
õȥֺڱŻʵۺͼִ۸˭ȥüʵǲףʵ벻̲ס
Уʵۺͼִͬ
˿ϺǺٴô꣬˫ȫĺҲǻʵۺͼִƸÿǵĵһѡ
ⲻǺСô
ϻ˵úãë²Ρδ֮꣬ȥƽݣмִӵͷţҲԷڡ
οִֺͣƶɺܲһƽƽƽȥ
ֺȴ˵Ϻ游òȥ޷ǾСˡⲻô
øʲôִЩû˵
Ϻ游ãĴ²ȥȥȻǲܴݾߣûκηֺ˵
ֺ˵ȷʵмֵûʵۺͼִһҲЩɿڵ˼
ֺٽҲϰģ书ҰȲҡ
סϰ䣿ʵãǲԼոµǿͷѪԼµӲ̫ˡ
Ĳɳڻʵ֪ģϾ˼ҵСС˾ˣŶΪ£ϼֻһء
ϰ䣿
ʵ治֪ɵתͷִƣҲ͸֣Ϊλε
ִȻҲͬһ飬еΡ
ϰ֪һȥƽݣȻǸӲ˻ɡֺ˵


177 
ƽĶۣ¿ֺѲƣʵۺͼִۺǾúȥʵҪȼ⿿׺ܶࡣ
ֻǣԼǰֻδڵĺӣʵЩġ
ȴǺõѡٲģҲòϺ˵ȷʵʵ
ֺǴСԼģúȥ
ֻǣ֪ĵСǼѪҲƪޣҶƽǶ֪Ҳࡣ
ԣǼִĸֺһƽݵľƣȴҲһʱ֮䲻֪øֺν
Ĵ£вأǾǱ߾սңòȡ
ִֻϸϸؽƽЩÿɿһһֺ
ǾƽҲвٵ·ֲ̣֪ƽǱߵľֺȻԽԽá
ԭŻʵۺͼִƵ˼ȻǵüֺĵȥҪκˡ
ֺȴãЩס
ϾǰֵļĿ֮½֪Ĵٹġ
ֻҪԱԽɵӣ϶˶ٹġ
֪ıߣʱȥٹճ־ò¶棬Ա᲻ɣ᲻㾯֮
磬ֱӽڵ
ǾͱˣԱһССУξޡ
ԵҲͰˣ޻ٹĹ
ּһٹȻˣվʱۿžǼڵġִƵӣһ̫ĸͲ̫ӴһˣȽһڵĵ
һǰźֵ·ӣ˵˼񲻹ǸС٣˼ʲô˼ңҲһ
ңǸܳŮȢˣǲù
Ҵָͷ©ʲôһӳԺȲָϣСǲٹһ仰顣
ƫƫԱҲ֪ôģȻޡ
˵檣ǵҲϾЩ欵Ůӣ˰ѳֲסɳ裬СݵԺյͷϵġ
޼Ժգô˵ճӵޣٿۣҲûаŪġ
ޣҲÿճӰ
˶ãԱֱģɰȻ
ںˣճһ·ܵ״ˡ
˵Сһ·һֱ׷ɱװСſĿİ˾ǣٹĵճ˶ôĺԼױܡ
ǿǵճӡ
˵ʳӣôûţԱȻ񶾵Լ֡
Ůܳ裬Աֱǰٹ泶ϲˡ
⵹ҲѹٹŭˣⲻٹĵճﶼѾȥƽˣ˵ɥɴ붼϶ҪȥĹùˡ
˵ٹǲôŮˣĴ£˵ٹ棬ٹĶӣǲ׽ܵһȥɡ
˭ϵȻǼֺôһëͷСȥˡ
һĺӶʲôá
Թϵô룬ԽԱ꣬Ҳôġ
Դ֪ĲԺԱһƽݵǵ·һ·ѰңһҲʹٹſڶš
ԣֺ֪ĻȥʱԱĸҲϢƽݡ
Ա겻֪֪֪ʲôҲ֪ǰǷ֪ʲô֤ݣԱԼɵǳĴһй¶ȥԼͷԼеݶøԼһ
ԣԱϸЩΪȻɴɱɷŹġ
֪ıٹϢԱˡ
ǡ֪֪ЩʲôԼٲɡ
Ա겻Ҷģ֪ǸϢԺԽŲ쵶նֱӷˣþǴֲ
ɴӻھǣԽŮҲкܶ඼ھǣҶȷ顣
οԽҲţһС֪ʲôܣŻõȵȡ
ԥŵȵȣٹĵճҪƽݸùϢ
ϢԽһ
ԱǸֻϾȥ״Լˡ
˵ֺƽݿ϶ҪԱ鷳ˣ˼ҵݰټԴĿģԱ϶һƤˡ
ǣԱǰǸԽãʵ㲻ʲô¡
οԱԽɵĹ̫࣬Խ˽ҲԼЩղסԱ꣬ٹҪԱ鷳ԽƾԼҵĵλʹӵ棬ʱųļӣڼֺǰԱǡ
ڣҲӺðЩԱꡣ
ͬʱԱҲݺݵһ
ԱͶѹʵҲ㲻ʲô
ο˵ȷʵǱԼģԼüأΨһ֪µǸˣͱԼˡ
ٹϸϸز飬ҲǶԼʣݲˣΪԼҽţӲԼˡ
ǣԱȷʵдɳǷ˸÷ĴΪޣӦÿݴȣôܼʳء
ԱԽԽãԼʵҲûʲô
ǼֺҲǸ顣
ԭ֪Ҳøżֺһȥƽݵġ
֪ĵͰǶԭǧƽݵǣһ·Ϸ¶޲˵öԱԽ׷ɱܻŵǣǶѾˡ
⼸֪ıϿŻУȴǿյòС
òҵ游ңԼǰԸ֪ԭŵǿҲˣ֪ľͲ˺üա
ʷԭǸƶϧϵˣ˵֪ĸѪԵϵɵҲúһĸټֲ֪ôЩ죬⹴ʷһЩ֮
֪־ô£ȻҪѰҪ²١
һʱ֮䣬֪ĺʷϵҲʮֺг
ֺҪƽݣ֪ȻոպһЩȴҲҪżֺһȥϾ֪ĵ֪Լµ֤ˣҪΪԼĸԩԼȻȥ
ֺͼִƶ֪ҪȥĶϳѣΪҪĻǶǼд顣
֪ĵף˵һ·ֺüȥƽݣĸ·󲡳֪Ĳһܵˣ˵ƽݣֺĿһ֪֪ǻΪԱԽвֺʡ
ԣ֪ȥƽݣٹú塣
ͷǾֻ˵ΪТӵ֪ǿһŵ˾ѰҸԼġ
ѰԺ֪ľͲˣȻϢ٣ڲء
Ҳʵֻǽ֪ĵĲˡ
ˣȥƽ


178 
ּȻ˳ƽݣƽвٵɹˣ֪顣
ԽԱ궼ãֺǾǵҪԱţΪԼȥĹùĿģֺ϶һƽݾͿʼϵǱɹʡ
ϾôֺиëͷСӣ˲źðô
ԣԽԱǶ׼˶ԲߣǼֺϵЩɹʣǸӦԡ
ôЩȥԭڼִֵױˣѾƽݵسǸˣҲвٵƽݵи߲㽫ˣЩּܹҶݵģȻǻӼֺǲ
ЩǼֵģһǲҽԼͶϢ֪һ֪ջԸ߹٣£ǡ
ǼֺЩˣԱζһƤ
Ա£ԽҲµúܣµԱ깷ǽʱԽƿ
Ƕ޲ðѼֺƽͷʡǵĴҵ
ͷô޷Ǿüֺһ󲡣ֱƽͷͽֺˡ
ƫƫֺЩ˽ֺʳסźøͰΧһ㣬ǸûκֵĻᡣ
ֺڵǼˣϾֲֺǺܶ࣬ǸĶǸ֣ʮ˵Ķ飬ѵܴｫһɱˣ
ϧԽԱ꣬Ƕûӵġ
ֱǴ˵ԭֻԱ꽫ԼĽᷢǽֺɱˣͶǸոһͷǶñҸʵˡ
ԣԽԱֻԤݺԼֺΣ֪ʵ֪Ͷ飬ѾٹͻʵָۣΡ
ԱԽôû뵽ֺһƽݣûЩִƵľɲǣֱӾԽ
⵹ԽԱʮֵشֲ
ԭԽǶҲͲôɼּһ֪Ͷ飬Ͼǿ¹Ĵ£λüֺôһƿС
ֱֺӾԽȫͰˣ֪ͶֱǸϣ
ȻǰˣͷͺҲͷͺˡ
ԭԽǣüֺȥЩɹȥԱ鷳ҲǼɽۻȵؼʱ򣬰Աһѡ
һ治ԱһƤƣһҲԱ֪ͶǲԱȷѡء
óóȻɹʱԼңͽԽʵڲ֪ΰˡ
͡
ȻˣԽٹҲɹʣһء
ϾǵЩףЩ϶Ѿ˵ģϸϸһҲᷢʵء
ԽٹҲˣ˵ֻ˵ٹĴֺ̣̫ӣԽǴӵĸô
ƽҵǴӵı֣һԽĵճӣձ롣
ֺﺰռұҪΪҼҹùСֶǿɶԱ˵ʱձڲԸҲֻűӣֺӭţÿͿ˵ֶģԱ˳޵飬˼ּãұȻǻΪġ
ⲻû취ô
ձֻűӸֺ˵ΥĵĻ
ձǵھǵʱҲֻϵ֣Ͼ̫ӺʹӵľϵҹϵҲ϶òȥ
ԼҲǱ̬ҲͲˣڽΣʱƸһɶҲǲˡ
˭ϵֺû˳żĻ˵ȥһϿҵ˵ռҲ֪Сֶ޹ʣΪԼҹùԩƫƫ
ձʱѾʼˣֺСӲԼ֤ݳųɡ
Ȼֺһ仰ǣҹùõ飬ǻǵˡ
˵żֺ˳Խձ뼸䣬ԽƽţйģԱ֮¿϶жۡ
иۣ
ǶŸͷʵȴǴûֺҵĹϵҲòȥƾʲôġ
οԱ껹ˣձ붯˭ȥԱ갡
ֲϵ̫ˣԱ깷ǽȫҶòһá
ԱȻ֣ɵҲüֺʲôЦǺǵ˵ֶıǣҶȻ¸ɵƯƯġƯƯذŪȥ
ֺһʮձӣ⻰ҾͷˣҺƽݣȻҶ֪ء
ձ㱻ֺģŻһѪǵЦʵֶôһˣҽڣȻֶһô
ձʵǾ֣һ㽻鶼ûеģֺôʹԽأ
ֺﲻ֪ձĻأֻϹ֪һɲ֪µ˵ƽҲز죬Ұǰ⽻ңƽݣһҪɹǰæ
ҲʶˣֻǸǸнģǰڹ˴£ҺأҾ͡
ֺô˵ձֻѾʮˡ
ֻҪھǴģ˭֪һ׵竣ܽ齻˲Ź֡
ǰֺžСҲû飬֪˵ɹִָԭЩױǣԼ
ҲǣԼôûµĶǧسԶţȻҲ
ձȴҲǷˣǼּǶ֪ЩͶ飬Ҳüֺһ֪µͷСƽݵġ
ձǶԼֺȫˣһСӣʱԱҲֺŪŪҲͰˡ
Ҽ˶һ𣬸ּһҲͰˡ
ôһϼֺҲˡ
ΪƻȫôҲû뵽ôһϣϳˡ
ΪֺƽݵʱȫûݣЩġƽҲв֪ٹĵƽݡ
ЩӲ֪ôģƽʹЩϢ˵ٹĵƽݾΪΪùġ
ٹĶŮʵҲǲģǱǸĺɷġ
ٹĵѾԽ
ԽⲻͳƽݵһôҾ˵ԽٹôһԽܲľ
Ǻƽݻ϶ڴԱҪùˡ
ԱԭҲһСΪԽǰЩҲЩ־Ȼǵ˲ٵˡ
ۼԱҪùԭԱˣҲˡ


179 
˵δԱʧƣٹԽɽǶҪȥԩԩг𱨳ˡ
ֻǣԽҲûϾԱ꣬Ҫ֣Ҳʵڲô浶ǹ֣Ȼ˰ﰵظһЩ£Ҳ治ʲô¡
ǺԱʵǺùȥ
ϣױԽҲûܶʲôǰȴв˶Ա֣͵£Աʵǹòô˳
˵ģԱԽҲΪߵһģԱԽ£²ٵʱľٹţǿٹˡ
ټϣЩ²ľ٣ͱԱ£زˣԱﲻԼԽǶʧȥ˿õļֵ
ֻԽǺԼͬһϵƣԲû˦ԼöԼͿġ
˽ڿԳԼԱ룬ԽҲǲܾܾġ
˵ˣԱǸԼԽˡ
ʱΪֱֺӾסԽΪ˱ӣҲ¼ֺɣԱԽǱߵϵҲȫ˵ġ
Ƕţϼֺա
ҪŪֺʱ򣬼ֺȻҲǲٶ໰
쮲֪ǣ⼸ѾԱԭеģŪԽˡ
ҹλصʱԱεԼ¶ѪضԹ˵ŽԱ³϶ԼҪҵöࡣ
Ա֮ҲԽԽãԽҪżֺԼ
ԱȲҪԽͷȲǲǾʹжĥɱ¿
ƫƫͷһֱҪӣԱδţԽǶĻظԶͳһġٵȵȣʱȱϵ
Խ̬ԽԱò
ڣԱʵ̲סˡ
ͶԽ֪ԼҪͶ֮ԱȻ֪ǸȴҲ֪߹ĵԱҲûԼ·ġ
Խţ£Щ˵
ԭЩԱڽʱԼġ
ʱԱ;ʮΣʱʱ򲻾ʲôʱ
Ա˴ʱֱӾЩſʼв쮸Լһˡ
Ͷ飬Ҳ֪Ա϶ʲô֤ݣвԼҡ
ֻѾͬһϣټϣҲȷԼҲɾҪæ˵ģ֪Ա֤ݣҲûм
ôЩ֤Ҳòġ
û뵽ûգԱѾʼҪвԼˡ
쮣ʮֵز⡣
ⲻһƬô
۳ƽߣ¼ľǾͲΪԼһϵˣٹǶȻЩ֣ĲһδɵëͷСӣЩӵɣʵھúúŪغܡ
˵ԱǶ쮻ҪԱŽЩأλʱжĥɱ¿һԱѡ
ôҪвԼأ
ʮֵز⣬벻ͨ
벻ͨ˶֤вԼˡ
Ҳ˲üֺǲҪӵˣȰסԱ˵ˡ
һҪٳƽݾһҪūǱϵãΪֺƽݣ쮻óϺüֵֺϸϸںͶظֺۼȷֺֺЩҲ
Ҳ˵ЩӣʵæòС
æеʱЩ
ȵԱ˵ЩԣֿԱвԼ˵ùǾҪǰȫ¶ʱֻһͷ
ãԭûʱ͵ðԱ߹˵뷨ټԭǸ˵ģŷ˵ʱ䣬Աסˡ
ȰԱ꣬ԼƵԼҸϸϵʱпտʼ룬Եô¡
һǾ˾Ǽֺ˷ųȥġ
⿴ʵٹһϵ˾ôЩӹȥԼҹ̵飬ȴһ㶼ûнչʵ̲סˡ
ԴӼֺƽݣǾֱԽţԴһ˵һһл쮵Ƥӵˡ
Ҳ˼˼ֺˣǼֺëͷСӣʵǲӣ浱ء
ֺԴӽԽشԺ󣬳˵һ˵һԼҹùõԺ󣬻ֱȫȨˣһҲûٹʹ
ǻҪСˣС˴⼸ջƽݣ⼸ջǴƽǸǶ飬һģ
ֺȻҪСˣⲻԼڼֺ߸ţⶼԲͶ顣
Сÿ㱨ļֺЩ飬ֻ쮾ãֺʵھֻһµˡ
ңֺǰ̬Ҳֺܿ˵ٹʵҲôλ顣
Ϊǧظ״˾ǣΪٹ棬ò˼ֺƽݿ
ôҲǣϾһŮһʮ궼ûŮжĸ顣
ֺλٹĵݹأÿƽݣ߳Խɳ򵼵С⣬ԼСˣš
ֺһĳ˼ֺ⣬Ҳֻа˸ˡ
ĸոżֺСҲۿǻ͸ƽûκν⼸ȻûпܴʲôԳˡ
֮⣬ĸˡ
ĸ˵ǹλԱ飬ֺɳȥ̽ϢȥˣҲʾ׹ùõ
ֻǣСһֺվһƽزɣҪĸһ̽Ϣ
仰˵ĸҲ쮵ؼ֮ء
ԱԼĸΪԼ˵ҲܽԱ͵ֺȥΪ
ԣ쮵ذʾ֮£ʹʣĸˣÿﲻ͵͵ԱǸſڶţȥǽԭźˡ
Ҳ֪ˣôЩӹȥźˣͱԱ괦زˣüֺҵ˲Ź֡
ԣĸˣÿ͸ͷƵģǰæһˡ
ֺһ˻Ҳ쮵ƤӵˣֻãŸ˼ղһӣʲôȥͷʲôҥԡ
ӣҲûʱ䰡
Щ벻ˡ
˼ֺһ⣬ʲô˻ػҥԣƫƫб۵ģԱ궼
ǣʵ벻ʲô
ֻãƽԱ̫࣬侮ʯء
ԱǶѾˣϵʵǶ࣬ҲȥЩС£Ƕȥˡ


180 
ڼֺһŴ£һֻʥģֻüֺǸСӶѣΪ塣
ڽҲʵԶԼֺ֮ġ
Цū˵ԭǾͶıĴ£˵ū˽ˣǾ뻢ıƤ顣
ټϣƽߣ˵ΪԽȨƺԱ˵Ѿв˻ѾԽˣײܺ˵ġ
ƽݵĶֻ֣֪ǲΪʲôЩѾԭԽˮˮ˴Խˡ
֪ƽݵ٣ѫصģǸϼ꣬Ҫһѫˡ
Ϊֵĸһֱƽݵġ
ҶɵӣֺٵȻǴ£Ϊֺٷ˸ǾûʲôҪˡ
ϾǼһģɸȴһֱڵġ
һ˼ء
һΪ٣Щѫƽݣǿѹ˵ͷߡ
мֻﰵԣкЩ鶼㡣
ǽͷöʲôĹһԼ˽ۣûʲôãԼʲô鷳ëͷСӡ
ֻǼߣٽżżֺһ˰ˡ
ȻˣҲʵûʲôйǻ㱨ռֺʲô飬ֻ˵ʲôˣ㱨
ȴǲ֪㽹ͷöһԭǶûϵļֺ
ֺƽݱǶһ޺ӣһҲûйԼҹùõ飬ܷЩĹ
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ˣȴװ֮ˣĵؽƽݣȥЩεļִƵľɲˡ
ǰͷҲ˵ˣּԭƽפ˶꣬οƽİܴһԭǶ֮ǰִƴżּҾİȡ
ԣƽ߻вټּҾɲ
ּϽƽݵľȨԺ󣬼ּҲ϶ƽݳ˳Щеľɲȴвƽݵġ
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ԣСҲǲ˼ִơ
ֻٹżִƵϣִȡΪֻ
ֻ˼ִƵױȻһһȵּҴƽݳʱ򣬼ֻѾλˡ
ԭֻҪżִһؾȥġ
˵ȥ˾ǣǼֻ;ҲҪͣˣִֻл֮ģֻԼǹҲҪżִһߡ
ɼִƵװϧֻľ֮ţȰ˵ŰѼֻƽݡ
Ҳȷʵƽݲ͹ԳֻĲŸˣôЩֻ꣬Ѿ˸ˡ
ֺشƽݵģоеֻһһִױġ
һƽݣȥѰ˼ֻ
ԭִƾͶԼֻл֮ǾʶѰֻвŵġ
ο˵Ļ¹ƽݣ¹Ĵ£ֻвĵģһ水ռֺǱԤݺõģ˼ձ㿪ʼﴫЩԱ꼴Ҫ군
һ棬ֻҲʼʹ˵Խ
Ͷ飬ԽȻǲܷŵֻҲȷʵ鵽˲ԽֻȻҲ֪ٹͼֺ˵ò١
Լֻ˵ϾͶԽʲôһ쮣쮽²˳һ㣬ȴȫԵġ
ˣҲȥѰ˿ε
ʵԼִֻƵĹϵԭƽݣֻҲЩִƽΨһŮ
ҲΪִֻƹϵһ㣬ֻ䲻ִ֪Ƶλ檵飬ȴ΢֪һЩ顣
ΪһֱɳսУһֱԼսɳļֻλῴΪ˶Ů鳤ȫǰյڲˡ
ƫƫλҲΪ¸ִƶϽˡ
ԭֻͽִƵԼľˣڼֻִƾûдģοִȷʵΪҺޣҲԼԵġ
ֻԶĲϲҲͶ˼֡
ֻǻǼִƵĹѪԼֻԼӶ࿴ŵˣöƽݲ۸ˡ
˵Ǹִƶ˹ϵЩȴɿżּƽݵҡУֻԶĲϲԽ˼֣ټ϶ԼҲһֱò
ԣֻҲŹܶˡ
ȻȥԼҵɥ°ҲǼݻֻҲû룬ֻǶ˶ѡ
ֱˣֻ֪Եɡ


181 
ֻ϶֮ŮԼƤӵ£ֻǶ˼ΣҲ˼ַŭ
ڴˣ˵ֺıǼҹ£ֻ¹ٹ飬ֻҲö¼
ⷬȻֻʵЩ⣬ΪҪʹȥֺԽҪԱ꣬ΪԼҹùԡ
˵ģԱձΪߵһȥģֶͬһϵƣôΪЩԶĿء
οձ빲ôЩӣֻҲﲻ֪ձϵĹ˵ãǺڵģձ粻֮Ҳܸ˵ɰ׵ġ
ԱձǶüֵԱԻˣѲձᰲסԱꣿ
ףֺԼĵճٹٲɼֺ̳С
ֻҲԼļ̳˶ĥһЩЩۣҲ֪ĵĸӡ
ϾܵþЩ꣬ܳɳҲýٹŷ
οǴԵ飬ҲѲ˶ٹ
ֻѾ⣬ȵֺʧˣʱҲְֽԼСӦĳ档
ֻҲû뵽Ǵ˼ԣСǶ˵ѾõԱԽᣬͶ֤ˡ
͡üֻʵһͷˮˡ
ԣ
ԭֻԣֺҲԡ
ֺ֪ԱȷʵЩ֤ݣǾԼҶùÿвԱҪԺԱֻаЩ֤ݲصøصġ
һҪҵЩ֤ݸϼˡ
Խ䱸ɭϣЩ֤ݸҡȻˣձӣǰ֤ݶ¡
ԣֻܴԱǶ֡
Ա֤Ȼǲңó֤أ
ףʮ꣬Լ˵һĵ̫̫ԱǶǵŶġ
ԣԭԼҵǻǱ鲼ԼҸġ
˵ȥԺԱ˶ǰĸ
ɵԱ겻Ǹϴ֣ո̧ŵƽ֮ǰҲʲô˼ҳʲôܼҵĵһζԼռЩˮķʲ֪ýԭڸְγ
ԣƽԺ󣬼ֺ˼ûʲô͸ԼҵĶĸͷ
ЩĸҲøʲôֻǶŵԱ꣬ȵԱԺҪԼԭŵ֤ȥвձ롣
ⲻԱԼȥ֤ô
ֻԭҪһֺ̼أû뵽ֺЩ棬뵽ԼǰͷȥˣֻҲ˼֮ġ
˽ֻҲøпһ䣬ԼҶǺˡ
֤ݣͺðˡ
ֻԭƽݾӪֻ̳꣬˼ִԭƽݵǴԭͲʲô⣬οֺԽͨū֤ݣлʵ۵͡
ֺһ˰˰ӼŻȥһֱӾŻʵ۵ͣżֻ˽ԽԼҸΧ
ձԱ˶ŽӵǻƾŴ֮ϸλء
һԼұΧˡ
Ŵ֮εˣڴˡ
ΨһðģԱ깴Щ²١
ʵǣе㣬˵ƽߵľҲȱˣЩˣҲеǱֱΡ
ūڹ⻢أӶôˣҪĲȡ
ԣֺͼֻһֻ˵ҷŹЩֻǱԱƻ󣬲δȥģֻھд
ڶ飬ǾǸðˣ׶Ա궼Ѿӽ͵ȥǵȺʵˡ
ټϣҲȫΪԱɱ֤
ֻԱ֤ټһҲͰˡ


182 
ȼֺǵʱ򣬾ǶѾ찲ˡ
Խ췴Ȼ䲻һõġ
ֻǣ»ʵٻԼҺӣȴҲû˵Խ췴ΪԼ
˵ˣԽ췴췴ǶΪ˴ӡ
οԽҲǸ̫ʵ۴µģӵĸʵٷޡ
ټϣЩʵʹˣԽҪһʺ֮ͷˡ
ԣȻԽͶ飬׻ʵҲּ׶ֻŵֿຮ֮ذˡ
ԼҲִ
ֻǣȴǲôôˡ
ʵʾ췴ĳҲǣɱͷ಻֪ļҾţԼҵ׶Ӿûɱͷˡ
ֻǣǵĿڹҲ̻ʵ֪ҪūıȡλģǱˣǴӡ
ԽҲǱӻǸ֮ıԼʵ۵θסˣź˱顣
ձ˵׶ʵ׶ӦԼҵ׶ӡ
ʵֻܽӸȦˡ
ʵҲ벻ףĲ̾ϸҾȴǿ϶̵ϸϸġ
˵ģҶ˾ͽҵģΪ˸λ˶ԼҼҲġ
нⳡ棬ǸԼ뿴𣿡
ЩӣʵֻҪһ뵽Ȧǰ˵Щ
Ǹʱ򣬴ӺѾ˱ľģЩȷʵ治ҲѾ˼ˡ
ǸǸ̫Եô
ѵ֪͸̫ӲˣʲôֵܣǳˣҲԣǱȳлҪЩء
̫ڸҲˡ
ֻһУû£ŸʵֶΣҵЩܵǣҵ·ء
ʵǽ̫ӵô񻹲Ƿ̫ˣ
Ҹӣĸ֮飿
ʵۻԭԼǸ緢Ĵӣ߶߶˵ЩĻӵһ䣬ûʵ۾õ
Ͼӵл˻ʵ۵
Щ̫꣬ԽԭʵڴˣʵԽ̫ȷʵܵˣ˵ģʵʱûˣ̫Ҳȫֱӽӹܺټ
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һ죬Լᱻ̫ӼܿգԼǰ̫ڵ·
ԣʵ۲ɱؿʼ̧Ķӣ̫Ӵֻ̨п̫Ҳ֧穵ʱ򣬻ʵܰ
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ǴӵĻǽʵ۵Щ߲ˡ
һ߲ʵ۲ˣܷ֣ΪǶգϵЩΪʲôʲӵĴ֮Ҳֳüɱ
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룬ִƺԼһͣϼѾڼﺬŪˣԼȴǸ󲿷ŮǹϵزС
ΨһԼų̫ӼҵŮ͵ӣҲΪ̫ӵĹϵ˲١
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ԼֺαһҪЩȨأ
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ڻʵϽλˣԼһвٵŮĻµԼء
ʵۼȻѾˣǾҲûʲôٽԥˣԾֱ̫
ʣ򲻿ɡ
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ʵ۲Ҷ룬ֻæʼʵջس
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ʵۿ̫Ҳ˳˼ֻ֣̫һۣ˵ֻǸͨͬ
ޣʲôӣӰ͸ƾʲôӰۣʱȥׯֲˡ
ʵ⻰һǽ̫Խ˼֡
ЩڻʵۺȵĶԴ̫ӵҲָ˳ʵ۵ëأ̫ȴζ͸ʵˡ
ʵۿ̫ıģҲ̾һЩҲȷʵԼ̫ӱƵ̫ˡ
ˣҲЩеûˣ׵ѵܺˣʵ̾˿ϱҲ˵һ׼ҲԼ˲ǡ
̫ЩͷԣɵҲûʵǾ䡰׵ẦԼĺӡˣȻҲҽֻĸ̫˴¡
Ȼڶմ󳯻ᣬûȴ౨أ׵ĻʵһףҪλ̫ˡ
ºˣҲ౨ˡ
ʲô飬ҪҪ
ľףıʵǸǵĵɣֱӾˡ
ʵǻã̫һôҲûڱôԼͷˣӵԭĦȭƵصŹϷִµأͶսˣ
ɻʵº˾ĵģʥּؾżдˣﻹҪȰ
˵ʵλЩͻȻҲûټϣ̫ԭ˳ļ̳ˡ
ʵλ̫Ӽλ¾ôˡ



183 
ϻʵѾԼλԺҪ鶼滮ˣȻȲҪԼˣӺԽͶĺôˡ
ϻʵֻϽһٽգþλ䣬»ʵ۵ļλ䡣
ԣһºϻʵλ̫ϻʣ̫ҲǻµۣԪƽΡ
»ʵǻӦľԲ»ʣҲͻȻͿʼµ̫ϻʣ»ʵЩֵǡ
ԭľ֣ͻȻͱ˶ͷ˾ʵһ˵ζ
ܵǣȷʵǼҲͰˣⵥǱϴ󷢷ǰϻλģʵǽЩƽˡ
ҪϴȦˣЩƽĻӶȥһδӵӣǲˮ
ԼɻλȦˣҪôҶɣ
㹷
ϧǣӵĸۡſرţ˭Ҳȥɡ
ҪǻʵǼݱԺµ۵ǻģǻܳµ۲ܲкֵͬܵĴ죬һЩµ۵顣
ֻҪλģǶǳƤģ鶼һСȻѾֺαתͷϥֺµء
ϴضһεĻʵ۴ҪֵܲܵģȦǶĴɣûʵ˼ˡ
ǣڲһ
׵أֵܵĲֵ̫ܶϿ׵Ŀ԰
΢һЩ׵ýȥϴ龯ǡ
༸ӣֻűӣתͷͷúøɻ
Ϊֵǲˣµ۸λʱҲʹһЩĸλݸߵģ곤һЩģҲΪ
ĵֵǣ̫ӵԼǵҲŴ֮ɲЩôүΪʺȻǵһжľλ
ֺԽͶıĴ󹦳ҲøֺͣټϼֺµۿųģԼӶûʲô
µ۶ֵǶ󷽵úܣԼֺȻҲˡ
ֱӾٹλֵʱվɻǹ
λδٹʵûʲôʱϲԼոյ˷ͣΪµ۵ǻǻʩµġ
ȴ⣬Ǿǿˡ
Ϊµ׵̫ϻʻúúõģµ۰³񶼲ҪТ
ԣĶƾĸһЩ
µ۶ƣǾ»ʵĵһλʵ˵Ƕġ
ԣеľǶĦȭƵ׼ڶϴŹء
ֺǶԼģɵҲû˵һܵûԪ״Ԫ
Ԫ״Ԫеķڷ
ϾٹһʻŽ˽֪ٹµ۸ǰĴˡ
ٵ˼ֺԪҲȻ˻ɣΪֺٹļֺ״ԪӶɿƾס
пٿΪ˱ӣֺ
ԣֺֻԽڷһЩһ๦򣬽ķڷ
Ȼµ۵ǻĶƣȻǲϵڶģڽ궬գҪƾе
Ժ˵ܲ죬Ƕڼֺ˵Ǿ·ˡ
ЩˣּҲвٵ˲μӹԣԣּҪ׼ҪĶҲᳵ·ˡ
ֻΪҪڽ꿼꣬ٲڶ￼ԡ
ÿһڹԺ죬һֺŹԺſڻûɨϵѩ̾˿ýĶʵҲеѰ
ãµ۰еĴҲԸͷһĶоֳʲôԭʩµò˸ĿǶЩ̿ٶ˹
ֺѧʶټǰӽĶĿȾԳϵҲԼ⣬ҲĿǰ̸һ㶼ӵ
ԣֺ״ԪҲȻ顣
ԵĿһʼŰʱ򣬻ЩǲʲôͷɵȿֺԺ󣬻Ͼû뷨ġ
Ű֮Ǳǽʿν֡
ֺϸͷ״ԪʿӵſʼνֵʱͻȻ;Щ㱡
ǰҲǲ;͸״Ԫġ
ֻǰ岻ã˶ǰţȥѧ
ԣ״Ԫνֵʱһ
ҺãǸʱ佫Ͳˣ˽Ϊõ˲Żȥϰ䣬ԽʿνҲҪ״ԪɱǰͷòǣأҲԸ˳ĸ϶ϲ¿״Ԫܵκ˺
ǣǸʱԼȴսսԼһעϵ
񣬼ֺòǣûУֺòھһȦ
һУһİΧۣһĺ״Ԫɡ
ֺл㱼Լ·һΣһжԼΪ̫黯ģˣԼҲ͸ûȥˡ
ֺţһ俪ü޵ĵ˼ֺϣԭԼ֪ϦϦļֺ˲˹
ֺ̧ܵͷĵķÿ¥¥δأżСڴ̽ͷ̽Եؿţֺǣ˷ţ翴ˣ翴ˡ
ڵĴǳ֧Դͷһ֧ϻһ֧Ȼոĵġ
ˣ۰Լ游ĸ͸ĸлΧԼдĵǣ֪δޣôá
ֺȻãǰһΡ


184 1
ȥңҲؾܸһǡϸŮһһ
ɵ˼ִʮ٣纣ҪؾְʱԭǶּȫҶҪȥִưٵġ
ֻǣֺżĹ
Ƕĸ⼸գȻҪ˸ٻؾȥģʡһԺ󻹵ǧػԭԡ
һǶʰֺѾҪؾˣ֮ڿ϶ǲڻؽˡ
ԳȴǶҵ⣬ЩݵȵðĲҵҲһǲôĻ͡
һ棬衵ǵһؿƿȻҲö࿴ŵ㡣
ֺ衶ȥɣֻһŮңױֺͼģηһϾȥ
ⷬﻹԭһ㣬ȫźأ
ԭţǾֻܽ׼ãȥڸ׸ǰ
ãֺɣҪ·ݣִƺʷŮУüֺ·ݵʱ򣬽һҲû˵˼Ů֮ġ
ǳڽϵģԳԺûȥǣִƺʷ϶ûһҲ޿ɺǡ
Ϊԭȥִף٣ִһȻûʲôɾܾ
ټϣֺͼֺ֪Сǿײ񽻸ֺĲ
⣬ҲЩ뷨
ֺϥֻ衺ӣּ˶ϡ٣ּһƬ٣ȻԼĶŮǸҸùϵҲҶԼԶŮ
οĸ֮ӣΪ֮Զ
ǼʮԺģ̥Щ֢Щ˵ǾţɵײԵͬŮӿ
Ů޵˼ȥҲʵڷĲ
ҶĴøͣЩŽŮ޻ȥȥСסһЩӣҲóԱҲף顣
ҲǼֺϸǹġ
һ޹ȥ׾˾˵׾ĸţټϼڹʱ͸¬ϹϵʮǢȻǲί
Ǵӣ޹ȥȲƼҲóܷõѹٹǼڵģҫɽʮڣǲģС޹Լӱǡ
⼸ֺȻֵüֺȻؾȥ
ֻǵŮһ뿪ԼƤӵ£ȥԼңҲ֪ԼĸĸɩΪѵԼŮɼ׻˵˽ԼŮ
ĸжǵʺãΪǿͲͨʲô飬ֻܸĸ˵ǡ
ĸ¬ϡҲ˵ɩ¬ϣôȥˣҲؼǵԼҶɩãֻʵҲöԼŮ˵Լ֧֧˰죬ֻ˵ҲǸˡ
Լĸô˵Խ˼֣ĸչ˵˵ĸΡ
ֻ׷ʣǱտڲԣԽ˼֡
ֻת˻⣬
˾˼һŮֱҪĺ磬Ȼ磬һӭ
ȢǴ󳤹ŮϣȢǴҵĳŮϡ
˾˼һĸŮʹԪһ˫ӣ㫍ĸ̽һ˫ӡ
˾˼Ҿ˫ӣЩ
ΪûعǣȻҲϡ֪Щˣȴǽղ֪ԼĶ˾˼ҾȻ˫ӡ
ʹ㳤ıأʵ
ʹҵǼȷʵЩ񣬵ıҲûȥһء
ֺɻؾģϻŲأȻҲöֻݼֺͼּ衣Ҫؾȥ
˵ҲȱźˣǼίԼŮԼңҲ´̫ҲˣԣͰõѾӶȥǡ
ֺ˵ϻŹгҲЩҲԲܵСá
Ϊõ׽ЩԼֺһ󴬣ôҿЩƽЩźá

ôˣڼжѩȵæ½
ѩȵ㣬˸جΡűӣѩȵſǻ˵
εʲôˣѩȵæǰı
˵Ǹʵǿ£˵ԼŵòУɻߣǸȴѾòˡ
ΪǸجΣЩû˯á
ӦþܵǵͷˣЩڣû˯ôֺЩֻǿҪٹˣĽš
÷ģﶼȥأ游ĸǺƲˡֺٲٰο񼸾䣬ҪȻȥСƬ̣ĸҪǿµڣٲΪûչ˺ãһðһٴء
ֺ˵˼ƤźȥϢһ
ٹǶżֺȥˣǰ˺üգͱѾͷˡ
ֻǣֺϻŲ£ǽˣҲȻ˸ǵȥְС
ԣֺǲٹȥˡ
Ǹֺڴദһ·ټϼֺҲȷʵһ·չˣԼֺҲм
ԭͶһȥЩţΨһϤıҲܸԼһȥͽƽ˼ֽš
ƫƫͷϽļ͸ǶڵغܣͷǸһ·϶ڸ˵ЦλκβӦˡ
ֹãǴߵѾϲ˹ظȥϲþʮֵϲһԲЦеؿ˼ֽŸС
ȵ·еʱѾ߻Ƶ˽ӵһЦŸܣǾǵĶˣһƣ»أɴǴ䡣
ģѾ߻һ䣬ģƵģأҲǿüͷͷ˿ɿǡ
·ʱϲҲһ䣬ǼҲ֦ͬء
ȵٹͿ˲ţС˵Ⱥˡ
ϲֽһ䣬Ǹģֻлʼҵ˲ŻῪ˹
񵽵ҲǸѧٵģв֪ģֻ˵֪ġ
ԭŵغܣϲһ·ܣ漣ؾƽȥǸܵһҵӰɡ
ÿˣ̫ү̫̫߶˺ܾˡոս˶ţͿһӰЦ
Ӽ񣬱ǣ֣Ц˵úãɩɩ
ô˵֪Ǽֺҳϡ
ԭһ·ϻ룬عҪʲôɩӲϴ磬һλɩɩֻùȻɲŮò
æҪ񣬳ֻòض񣬿ȥ̫ү̫̫ǡ
Ϊ֪Ҫȴв޷ٵж⣬˻϶Ѿõˡ
ȥ㿴һͷЩ˵̫̫š
֪Լĸˣ˼ڼʱԼĸ׳˵ĸһŮ۵ľĸףȥҪݼ
ֻûȥʷ˵úӿǼҿɲЩ
ԭվԱԱߵĺҲæˣãǰȥ̫̫ú㡣
˵ţ̱ʷԱȥ
ʷ϶δԭؽ񿴵мƵֻ˵úӣǼˣһ·ϸ࣬۲ۣ
һһˣʷֿһԵϣЦ˵ţõǳơ
ɲǣոŮʱһΪûءԭڹʱϹϵã϶ѼɰŮ񿴵веġ
˵أԭү˵ùõǶʱķɣһùõʲôһ񿴵ãҾ˹ùõķˡԱиɷĸЦŸ͵
֪һԼɩеһֻȴ֪ɩǶɩתͷ̡
ɩɩæСܵ
ҪվȴһѰסЦ˵˵ˣով͸ȥŽӱȥƣôɩɱȶˡ
⻰ʵڲ֪νˣȻҲӣЦյ˵̵ȥã˿ô죿
ɩɩ˱ãǿʼˡ̹ίֻ˵һԼͳŲסЦˡ
˵ţЦ˵ãպʲôģԵģֻң⾩ﱣûбҸ˽ģҪǮģǾȥɩӣżء
ҲЦ˵ȱʲôֻɩɩȥóԵĺľɩɩ뿴ɩɩ
ˣϱ𣿡˵ţʷϿ̲ߣֲһ䡣
ҲˣҪȥơЦ˵
δ䣬¬ϱ̺ˡ
̫̫ǻˣ¬δȴȵˣŮû
ĸվҪݼ
ֻովǶĸ˵


185 
¬⻰ʵǽûȥ
Ͼ˭˲ĸͽӵϷСء
ҪǵͽǾͺðˣԼ׾ĸ
ΪҪһǣѵҲʵסˡ
ȻҲûҪӻ˼æʼΧŮãͬùϵãɲʶ𣿡
˵أܸоҸŮƵġ¬Ц˵
̫̫ļҺÿĹ˵ʶЦ˵
ΪΣ̻⳪̫̫ҵʱҲô˵ţãͲҷˡ
ǻóԴأҲЦŸһúӣĸĸ㡣
¬ϵúܣֱӾߣһס֣ЦʵŮˣҼǵĸ˵Ǵȡˣʲôϵöˣƽʲô飿
һȻشĸãʷҲȥˣٲúЦ˵¬˵
ԭǱѩ˶Դ¬ϵ̬ҲܴȳһЩԼλһĸҲûʲô⣬Ҳͷĵش
ǽѧһֻ֣ۣڼҸոնˡ
⵹ǺãøҺһѧϰҲ࣬Ըһ顣ԭ¬һһ쵰Ŵɫ·ĹЦ˵
֮ǰϿεǰЩӸո˽ʿǹȥˣһɩɩǡһŶɫ·ǰ͵һɩɩѧʶЩʿҲʲô
ǿɱ˵ʱøǰӿɾͲˡһæǫذ˰ֵ
˵ţСվǰδýǣһӭǸɫ·Ĺ
̽Ǹɫ·Ĺ
պֻܸһˣ̽Ц˵
ǰǰõԺǸһģҲպһ档ӭҲЦ˵
һ𣿡΢Щ졣
ԭΪ͵ģӦǻʰһԺҲסȴû뵽ҾԼŮһԴӭ̽һ
ԭʰùóǰԺסģЦ˵ֻţ缸סһƽҲһ档
˵ţæʹȥʣЩǿɰ׵ˣЩʲôģɶúˣǧܵ˴Ϣ
˵ЦһϿ˿ɫЦ˵Ůû˾˺͸أҴȥ˾˺Ǽȥ
ŮҲûһ˾أҴȥ¬ҲŮһء
ģһܲŮ͹
¬գҲûٷ˵Ҫȴȥ֮Ļ
ֻʷϲٶһ䣬ϿɱԼڷˡ
̫̫ģϱ϶ô̫̫Դ󻧡Ц˵
Ϯ˾סٹԺúýҲ̧ż飬Ͼʹ˻ȥ
һȣ߹ţͿĴ
׳ԼҵĽϾɫֲֶۣͬϴãⲻڣٲüͷʵүأδ
ȻµĸڵĵȷʵͦڵĵģϾͲõøµ۴һˣǸɻ͡
µҲİϡǶˣʵɼһĻԼƨɡ
ȻҲԭԼһİҲƽ㰡
ԣֻڴ󳼵Ĳ£ʵȴǰҲɵġ
ÿﲻǵȥîˣ߻ʵۿ˵ʱ򣬸Żʵ۳ȥ֮ģûмӰʱ
οϳŵʱϾѾˣŮͷһţ
ѲɼⶼѾ׵ؼҶˣ
̫̫үѾˡŵæ㱨
أү˵ҴŮϼ
ΪãȻԼŮǰ˵Ļֻ˵˼ľλ͹ְ
ϾڼԼŮȥٹҲ̫Ӵõ⣬οڻͦװġ
纣ֲǲؾˣĸ£ǱȻҪؾȥģҲ˵Ҳٹĸ£ҲʵûбҪԼŮǰҴˡ
ԣԼҴ˾ǸһƷĴ١
ԼҵƷоżҵʱ򣬾˾˼ȻǴһƷĹԱﷱæһЩҲ
οͷٹҲܸܵõҶԼģܼܲ⣬Ҳûô뷨ˡ
ֻ˵ĸҪǾ˾æ´μҲһġ
æʲô飬ЦһҪȥߡ
˵ţҲŷˡ
ò˵Լۻûʲôģע˼װ
ʹԺ˺ӣ˶һʱĹ֮سģ
ֻǣ˾˵ʵάֲ˶á
үŵʱôӦеţ˵õŮҪЩأ˼һڵ
ϣϰߣż꽥Ҳȫûиı䡣
ϵģô˵ﲻ֪Ѿˣæĵ̫̫ⲻͻôոֻøŮ׼ȥ˷˽⡣
Щɻ󣬸Ůļⲻؾ˵ô
λҪʱȥЩԵǲŮһ㡣
ֻǼףҲϰˣټҲʲô£Ǽ˼Ժٽԭ׼ļóһǡ
οҲ֪˽ﻹвٵĸµĺöⷭĶҲŮۡ
ҲԸǰͽм˾ûǱ˵㻹Ů
˵ţϻ˵˾ǶǺö˾˵ļȻٸһݡ
ƫƫʱصأŮ׼ϲ
һ˵ţһ˽׼ļǼţͷһ鲼
ʲôĶôصġЦһ䡣
ŮԼȥʾȥƿ޲
Ҳû룬ֻǼЩŹֵĶԼȥ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣ̵СѾȴ˺˰벽
ԭڼʱ˵ڹʱɩĹϵǶܺã񾡹˾˾˾ļǡ
ԣҲûŤֱֻȥƿ޲
Ȼͷƽļ
ΪϵǸָĳӡ


186 
˵ǳӣҲӣøɫʯ̳ɵĳӣֻǹļո߳ȥΩΩФҲ̫ࡣ
ʯͰ⻹ЩƵɫһĴСѾʮϡˣοһס
⺱̶ȾͿɼһˡ
ЩʯȻͷεģǵ̳湩ģͿŸݳˡ
Ȼֱġ
⻹Ǽĸﴫ
ǰĩ꣬ʵۻ޵ЩȨҲභڻ˿ջģӰڼҲǵЩȨõġ
̫żݼԴֵǴ˾ǣЩҲͳսƷٹ
׵ʱȰ֣ƫƫĸϥ³󣬼ĸƫⲻ
Сʱ䰮ȥ԰ץЩС棬ĸ¼ⲻСıҧˣ⿪˿ⷿҳġ
Ѿ˵ԼôЩģֻǵõԼʮϲ׳ߣŮˣ⽫Լʱó͸Ů
Ů϶ܸж
ĺܸжһ㶼Ҷǿ鲼Ѳ¶ˡ
ϼ棬ôĳ棬϶ܴ򼸾Բģⳡ棬ɣ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ҲǴһŷӦúӣûУ˾ŵ
ίزС
ⲻⲻףͯʱİƷҲǿԼŮͷķϣŮġ
ôŮͲϲأôϱҪأ
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ȻЩӣԺ󣬱ҲǲӣǸɫʯ̶ɵġ
Ǳʯ̶ɵģҲǿµúܡ
ֻǣǸúӣҲýԼҾ˾ΪѣֻǿЦŶ˵裬£ֻǸոЩЩ𾪡
ĻԽΣõĹƫƫԼϲŵظˡ
϶Խ˼ֻ֣æοã˰ԼļӺ˼֣ա
ĸڣЦŽʵ
ϱôˣοأˣæ˰ڲ衣
æЦŰֵ»ĸĺò裬ȥǶء
˵ί񣬵ȴЩΣȥӣֻԼһֱڼ߶
̼޽ҲôЩˣﲻ֪ԼŵӣųղˣֻܺƤ
⵹Ҳɡ
ϾͷһңҲҪһĸ˵ġ
Ҳ֪ټϣҲ֮ʰ⣬ϱЦҾͰýˡ
ĸͷİɣһܲȫȫβ͵̫̫ǶȥЦŴƱ
񵽵Ҳ˶οٹ˼ˣֻǰڼִƺʷڣûзּҡ
ԣסٹĶԺģҲЩ룬ȥ
̸ովģҲʹȥ׳ˣ̴˶³ʱ˼۶Ժ֪ԺӦǴٸиϳġ
ոս¬ϱӭ˳
Ůˣ˵¬ϱҪȥ
ϵλЩȥҪƴǡ
̱ЦŴԲ̫̫ã˶ûˣҿҲվأ̫̫ҲҰŸλ
¬ϱЦ˵㲻еԼԱȥҲ÷ö˲赹ˮ
ǣһܲźã˵ű˿ϡ
˾ǽշ·ʲô飬ǰͷУı磬л䡣¬һ˵һĦ
¬Ҫã겻ɵҲĺܣ¬ϲϼ䡣
ɺ֮Ļ
һһˣ¬Ц˵ԵĵҲûУҾмҪ㡣
㼸úɩɩǶǼõˣƽɩɩѧѧܼһǶ飬һֶǼõġ
Ҳǰӵģȥ֮ģֻĸȥ
ֻһ˸̥ӣ˺ÿСﶼְ߲˵һЩ㣬ֻ˵Ұ
¬϶Ц˵ǻŵɱҲܸܵ֡
ԱߵƷ˸ۣ룬ĵܼƯС߲˵̫̫ߵöһ㡣
ɣԼСȷʵǳղ
ǸԼһеĳղϲƯˡ
ԼôŮ죬ǼƯСʼ䣬Ҳʲô顣
ССһ㣬ɵӣм˺ÿŮӾȥõģǵñ˵ǵͽӰɡ
˵Լҹǻ˴СӵëСӸǰźģһÿĶûУֻЩӺͳֵСˡ
ֻղҲΡ
֪е飬ĸҲû˵ֻʵĸ˵ı磿
ɲ¬ԼҶӵķ財ҪŮΣϾŮģ˿ɾͲˣ¬ϺԼҶҲʱ򻹵úＸ䣬ͺá
˵ţ¬ϿɫЩˣȥһ䣬ôүүδ
ƽһҲͰˣɽպôŮͷ׵üһŮǡ
СѾȥǰͷ̽̽ϢԺ󣬿˿͵͵̼ۣû˵
ôƵãʲô㵹˵¬Ӽ½Ů룬ʵ
СѾһģһۣƵãȫ˵˳үѧܣɱүסˣүѵүأ˵Ҫӡ
СѾ˵꣬Ҿ;ĵأ붼ˡ
˵Ҳʲôˣ˼ͷһ죬˵˾Ҫ磬ʵǡ
Ƭ֮ŻعֻЦ˵ǽձ㲻үˣ̫̫ǶѾڷˣ̫̫ǴŮȥɡ
¬Ҳ˵ǣɲ̫̫ˡ
˵ţ¬ϱҪȥ׳
¬ųţȴЩɻ󣬾˾Ҫ磬ѵ費ȥȰһȰ
̿ɫֻΪģֻСͬ˵÷ģĵҲͷһذˣүзִġ
ԽɻЩڼǣıͬΪ˫ӣǼСǼó谮ġ
ô谮ǰ
ײԼңҲϸʡ
ǰôˣһſڣͿӭ
̰ʷ׵λã˵ˣŽǿˣλãպͬһġ
񿴵Ļˣֿź̵ȼɩǻ򰵵չԼЩ
ţԭĸ׻õҰ


187 2
ٹ׵ǻʵ۷СǻʺãֳǱʷһԪڵ״Ԫɣ·ǿҵġ
ĳļҪˣǹǵõһֻ֪ԺֵСˡ
Ǽ竵ء
ڼʮٲֹʮβ飬ֻ뵱һ޹竣뷨õԼ׵Ŀ϶
ʱľãԼ²˴ˡ
Դµ۵ǻԺ󣬾һֱµ۾ߣеĹӶѾˣϺõķŲʵйްֱӢ֮ء
ֻйԼֵģСֱӹ̵ܽ÷ģҲСС;оˣüӸǰûе档
СӾȻ뵱һ竣Լһ²˴
ԼķŲйޣƳɵӣн˿ӣⲻöؼô
ֱӾ;˫˫޳ɼһ竡
ο˼ңճӳϢˣҲ⽫մġ
ϾӺͳӣһģҲǳĲӽгϢǴӲһЩΪμҵλԼأ
´Ӳô룬պȢ˴ϱأ
ϾǼһоλء
ңһӽгϢͲü̫һһЩ
ΪЩǣܶоλ˼ң⽫ˣ˵ˡ
˼ңֻҪʲô飬ʲôֻڼ˯Ƕüˡ
ο̫ӵĵױܣҼԼѾ˾ˡ
ǽ̫ӵǻֻҪ΢֣ܸһв
ΪǸεӰ죬һֱԼܵͣΥҲͰˡ
竵ģô꣬Ҳûϵü
ܣֺαôȥԿࡣ
ԣҲǹܵġ
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ֺҲܣܵᣬʱҪ竵ҲǰʱͬҪ촬ء
ּ꣬ζ״̬ԺҲý
Ҳû뵽Լ治뷨ȻȫҶԣ׵˵竱رһЩߣ׸Ǯơ
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׵Ĵ£һļУ;øߺĶУֻۣ̫ˡ
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Ȼ󣬼һΡ
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ϲԣЦһûФǸλ
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ҲҪֽŷ߷߲ƽ˵̫̫Ҳ̫ƫıүЩ̫үЩȻ˱񡣡
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еˣԼⲻǸոոүֿôôֽԼȥѲүַйˣ
ʱʹʹߣۣԼ׵ֵøԼеظ˰ɡ
ԣ˵ǶӦúԼ׵үôֻжͶǶ˲Ż˺Լ׵
ԽһЩ
׵ԼȥҲòȥֻܰɻ̧ųš
ţԽЩΪոǸطԼѰסԺӡ
Լûɻ飬Ӽִ𣬾ԼҸԺýԵһЩͻסǰԺȥֱɻˣŻԺӡ
ɼ֣ԼոסĵطñߵһЩˡ
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ԺԼҶͶסĵطô
ԽЩˣֻҲ·ǵøոԼ׼˯ţѲΣ
ƶԼΣҲͲЩΥ͵飬˳С˵Ļ˵ǻϽʹȥ
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˳һ㷢֣ⶫԺҲǶסĶԺ
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ⶫԺȴʮֵңȻ˼ҲûкúʰԺ
ЩʧЦȻȫû߼ԡ
¸ĸסǶԺĸǸܵģλöԺ⸱ӡ
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˵꣬С⿿˵һүСЩүõˡ
Խãʵûʲô߼ô¡
ôȴǰ㶼û¶ֻЦС˵лˡ
Ȼ󣬼Žȥˡ
үˣҵֵӡ˵
⣬Խò̫Щ
Լ׵ȻЩͣΪԭûʲô£ϾСǻʵۣ޺ͳϢĶӣ⿴žʮᡣ
ǰ⣬ȴ޶ЩˣټƤţһȥʮϣмֵüۼš
οԼ׵ǺԼǺԼĴºţСģʲôʱ򺰹Լү
Ϊ֪ΣҲֻ˳žȥҲýԼϽѹˣֻЦ˵үõӣҿŵȷʵ
û뵽Լһ˵꣬Ц˵үװͿǰȥŪʯӵ㵱ʱ˵ʯӲˣ
֪ξȻǰҪģ֪ЩֻЦ˵ԭǶˡ
ȴһˣǱү飬ûžİɡҲǣͬϱĸ֦￴ңֻǲ֪ϲүء
϶
ĺͿˣԼҶʲôʵģҪʸ֦ҲӦʹ̷ĸĸ֦
ʲôүⱲôŶŵүⶼЩʲôҲ̫Щ


188 ֮
ҲһΣټԼʵͷԣԣҲٶ룬ֻ˳żĻ˵ȥүԸ飬вİġ
İ죿㾫İòӣ˵Сһ׮תͷͽӸˡ˵˵⻹ӵüͷ˵
֪Ǽôõӵģ˭֪ҲٽȥҲ֪
ǣ岻ǸʯӱһǷʯӵţҵӲҲͶ˱ү֮ô
˵õ󣬿ɼȴǱֵ鶼ǴɷɷȻϤúܡ
Ϊ˼ӣͽŪü
һʲôţɲȨѹô
֪֮ʯӲպ֮Լأ
СܵĽǲѹˣΥҼͣУˣҲ˵һ䣬Ϊ˼ӣֺαֵ˼ҼģҲʵڲʲôˣȰүԶһɡ
⻰һͱ˼ķιˡ
ϣү֪Ļˣ㵱Ƕʲôˣ
ױܸĸ谮ټڼҲԼ׵ѹᣬԭͲô¼⣬ڼϼôһ¡
ûסֱǺ²ʲôˣײΪ˼ӣͽ˼Ūüġ
ˣ¼ķιˣͲֱˡ
ôôТҾҪһ㣬˭׵Ļðɣ˼һͨ־ò񫡣
֪ҾͲðӸãʡ⡣
ԽԽžҪʼӡ
ȫ¿ˮ̣ⲻô
򰡣ֲۣۣⲻĵѹô
Ǹ飬ʵŭ˼⣬¼Ҳֻܲŭ˰ү˵û
Ȼ̵ңҲвүͶ̣ﵽǶԺ⵽ǸĴү
ⶼѾˣҲ˲û᲻үͶˣæȥðӡ
һֱã϶ǱҲ۵ġ
ԣǿӣǿżŭɶɼûаֻŵģһء
Ȼ󣬵ȼڵϵʱ򣬼ɶֱӴ˼ƨϡ
¾һҪǻС˰żܵ
Ǽû򣬶ǣԭһֱΪǲ۵ģȫû׼
һȥɲð໽ô
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뵽ôأϵİֲͣ
С󣬶ûشᶼˡ
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ڼǾ游ĸѾˣЩС¿϶ǲȥ游ĸģֳͰȱһҡ
°аڣҳ磬οԼֳء
ԼֳܾãԼ׵ֳ游Ҳûʲôֱˡ
ԳֽЩ飬Ҳһġ
ԣʹԺ󣬾Ϳʼҡæˡ
ϣСүˣǻȥҸʹ
̿ɹżأүүǵҪӣ˭˵ģǣʱү׼Ǻ޵Щˡ
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ο˺üˣҲûôүͣүͷأǶүô
˲˵ЩӵģŶүģһӲˡ
ԣҲŸϽҡһȰء
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Ǿֻȥˡ
ֻסúͷСԺǶԺʵЩ룬ټϣУǶϱҲܹܵүɡ
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үеף˵λͷ̫̫ɡ
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ﲻ֪˴ӣָٹλ
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οԭɶǶģȢϱ϶ϱֶŮԭѾԼˡ
ͻȻԼŵӺͳⲻⱯż
Ȼͷ͵ģɵҲǸɵģԭ޻ЩͿ͸红ӡ´󺧣Ѳ͸ˣ
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ˣƨϵˣ̧ȥҲƻᳶ˿ڣҸʳͷ̧ȥɡ
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ʮӴȥҲѾѪģˣ̧ȥʱƽûӣæԸַӿʼҽҩҪȥ
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ѾָʹöǣִԵѾǲͬӦԼĸѾߡ
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ԭͲǼӵ顣Լûôأֻ
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ƽȻ֪Ҫ˵ʲôڼߣʵүҪʲô
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޽ٹҲ飬޽ʱϺͼֺͶɰ׹ˣΪѾߵƽ֪ʲô
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Ͼƽǳ븮ļǹϵá
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ƽһԼ׺ʹѶ˵֪ǸΣɼ֪Ϊʲôˢˡ
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ԭǸﻹûȢأ񿴵ԽһͷˮˣǰŮӵɺӵǲū澣Ǹӡ
˵ԼԺһʶŮӡ
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ƽ죬ΣЦֲԹԣοȥӡǮҲתֵ飬ȴ׬һʣֶΪأ
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ͻȻǰһӡǮġ
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Ұֻ֪ûǮҹżңٲҪΪıһЩԭùûǮ֮Ļȥɼȴֻǰͷһ䣬û顣
δȢޣĿУӵģӦԼͻݵģٲҲǸ¬ǰġ
ʵ޷ԼȻȢһûŮӡ
㵱ûʲô飿һ顣
ŷŮ޲űǵ£ҵŮҲûʲô顣
ԭΪǳ£񿴵㣬Īشĵ˼
һ׷Լǲûʲô飬߳ŭ֮£ֱӾ˼һơ
ҲҺãһƣǰѼȻʵȥ
ѵļֱһ亹
ڤڤ֮оãԼ竣պĻͬǰ㡣
ֺôҲ벻ͨԼҪ竵ĵܵܣֻһ죬Ҫȥˡ
ﻹ߶߶˵ԼһֵΣﰢֳԼȢһɷֲʶŮӡ
ԼҵܵԸˣֺҲٶܡ


189 ֮֫ƪ
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Ϊ˫ӣ̥͸СһЩټ¬ǰͷһ̥Ҳ˫ӣҲЩ顣
ˣ꺢ӣ¬ϵҲû˯ȥء
Ȼŵ⻰¬Խˡ
˵Ŀǰ֪ΣΪһҴּ޽Ҵˣ¬ϵıܾæֹס˽š
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¬ô˵¬ϲźѾߺǶϵūǸոտˣԭŵġ
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۳谮ֲ֫ǼСģиͬء
ˬüﳤϲټŮӣǵĸĸҪƫЩ
Ȼ֫Ҳûвӣһˡ
ֻǣ֫ȻŴ׿СЩҲģǲĸǶĺòϡ
ң֫һëϲɫõġ
ԭ֫СʱëԣǺÿѾ߱üЦӱ׿ޡ
ɵȵ֫ʹһЩԺ󣬾˸ëÿѾǾͰЦõغţϵ֬
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ССͣѾʼѾϵ֬ˣǽٴһЩǵ԰ɡ
ԳΪ˶˷Ϊҵ£ԼԶǷгϢû̫
ִܣһѰĶӣ
Ҫ̰ɫĵҲѵģϾ¬Сʱͱôι
ǰѼ֫ߵѾС˶ɫƽƽģǳģ˼ֵó⣬һźɫĶü
֫ƽܼĲԼĽǣ˶ͬһ㡣
գ˵Ҫһã֫ùڼʱǺεȷòģ֫;Լλÿ϶ҲǾɫ
Ҫգ֫ѧﶼûôΣҪȥء
֫ΪǰͷɫĸڣѧǱӵģټϼ֫ԭҲЩǣҲЩ佱
ּҵѧΪ˲ٽʿͼֺԪڵ״ԪھҲԶҲвٵ׼гϢӵѧ
֫ٹүѧҲģΪǿ佱ǳ˵ж
֫ΪˣЩ˻ó֫䡣
֫Ҳܵίģˣֶίģһ߿ʹô
Ȼ󣬼֫ͱѵˣصֱŲѵ˺ܾãԼұá
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֫ȥʱ˳˷һлء
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֫ͷһ仰⡣
֫û뵽⻰һǰ˱Ц
֫һʱ֮Щͷˣôˣ
Ǽ֫ɩӣӻԾǿЦ˵ĵ̫̫һģһո̫̫Ҳô˵ġ
֫ЩΣײԸøǰˣֻǿ˵öˣʲô飬ڼʲôģ
ºˣõȫЦ⻰ո̫̫Ҳ˵ҲЦ˵
ĺˡ
֫Ծǰˣƫƫ̫̫ôô
֫øǰ˵Լ˴ܣõôֻܺȥ
֪֫ôģ;ԼǰÿûС
ֻǣںˣ֫뵽ԼҲû񰡣ְѻȥ
ֻǣ֫ڱøǰһӣ֮˵ÿȡ֣Ҫ
֫⻰û˵ֱ꣬ӱֳǳסˣĵܣԣ
ֳ֫λ˵
ֻǣȴԼƵĵܴܵðˣֻ˵ûУĵܵѧҵˣĵҲиˣҽȥȿУһɡ
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