޳ӡ
: 

:
ĩ̼߰꣬ӣԽ
ý㷢գҪ׵δ˻顣޿Ĵĸӣӣȥޡ
ӣ˵ԷǸӣˣӺð
û˵꣬
ĩӣǳԱ
ýİӣĻ£ȹ굱׸ˡ

ýֺüӼŮʱӣڳռ顣
ýϱ沼ʱӣڳ㡣
ýæΧŹ̨תʱӣڳײ

ýָͷʱ䣬ôû׸أ
һߣӣĳϹ˽˹磬Ƶꡣ
˪һ߸ӣϴţһ߳ҹõԪòã

1.Ůըѡ֣ȫֻ³
2.Ůнָ
3.VSԻСҽ
4.ճģϸˮȺ

ݱǩ ʳ ˬ 
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ԳԳ
⣺ʳĻ

vipǿƣ
ĩԽӣýᡣΪ˹Ϻӣӣ˻£ڲ֮ĥһεıʱ䣬ӣʳ֮ѰҵԼİҵ
ĹڷḻıɫȤչʱһһӡճ


1 
ſ˪ôһСΪɶޣ
˼ҿϵĹӪ굱ӵģҪۼֿ죬ͷˣ
ᰡɲܷɵŮһӣ͵Ҹܶġ˪йʣգͷֻһһֵܣԵŵҲš
ֿʼ߶߶ӣѲͷһɣͽ˯
ôһλʣ˾Ͳˣֻǳ֡
ӣͷ˯㣬ȴˣղſĵǻһĸꡰžžžţﺰӣ֡
ѾѾˣϽ𴲡
ӣˣҲ׼λĸƢ
ӣȥһ
ȵͷûεӣ˯˸ˬȻ𴲴ʶһȪˮϴȻڳĽһöȪˮԼ뼦
һ£ӣԲ㣬ԼĶӣԼ뼦
촽ϧˣûôļ
ͷļɽˣ˳ֵûȫǮѼӲͨʹ
ˣµڿ죬ټ⼸ĸһϵԼŮϣӣ͵Ų⼸
ӣǰũСԺһļݣ󲮸ĸһ䣬ýһ䣬õһ䣬ʣ¾Լסһ䡣
ӣƲƲ죬ԭµļ仹
Ϊŷˡ
ֵܣΪĸûˣǷֹҵġļ䷿һ䣬ռ˶䣬Լռ䡣
ּ֮мԺǽéޡ
˳һŮһŮƼƼȥѾ޵ϣŮᣬӣҲʹһ꣬ʮšСҫ϶߶»һˡ
ӣ߾͸ˣֻӣһŮӣװȥҲ֪ʲôȻѶˡӣһӣΪҽʮĳŴӣһŮҲ
˭ǰЩ򲻴ãӣŹ·˱ʯһ˾ûˡ
˵ҲΪ˹ûģôһŮ͸˸ʿҲӣ˸ʿŮ֤
ƾ֤ӣÿܰ׵ٸֺͶʮǮԼ⡣
Ҳ˹ĽӣʿŮչ˵ĺܡ
۳ӣһʮСѾͷµضܰ׵ùʳĴĸ˼岻ʱӣ˵ȻΪѵ˵Լסܲܽýռһ䷿ס
ٵȥ괺ϣɴͰмԺǽˣֺϳһҡ
ӣЦһĸĺ̡ŵԭ޳ȥˣܰ䷿Լء
ҲͰˣԭ̬ԽԽ
ָʹԭϴ·źһСȥ껹ѷԭʿŮ֤ˣȻǮʳҲûӰӡ껹ԭ˵ѾбҵˣϲٸǮʳˣڶǿŴ󲮼
ý㣬ҲӸտʼСĽָʹϸԭ´ɸ׻´裬ýȥԼ
ӣеΣԭƢ̫ˡ
ǲɣЩôأ
סķӣǮĹֻʳǵӶˡ
ӣֲԭһ벻Ͳûˡ
һͻӣðƻ
ӣֵ
Ͼԭĵط̫пˡ
ĿƼڷչһ̶֮һľĩ֡
𣬺Хɽ緢չ̣ҹӳ
һϵе֣ϵһΪĩ硣
ò˵ŻıٶҲܿ졣
ĩĵ꣬˷Լӵܣе˱е˿ԿʮľеܹΧ
ܵԽԽ࣬ӣĳ֮󣬾ͷԼӵһȪ
СغԼܣĹ۲ڣȪǼߡ
ܱ٣ܴٽܡֻ֮ԽԽףԽԽиǿԴﵽĩ֮ǰˮƽĩУ߶ȥˣ˵ܶͻʲôǧ֮⿴һֻӣһȭһʮ׸ߵĴӣǵǿһȣʵе㼦ˡ
ûκΣӣȪغãԼҽĩȻߣӴͨȣ׻Щͨ˱ţ˻أȻҲƽȡ
ģɥʬҲĳκг֣滷ͱһѾˡ
ʳԴɫȫ綼ϡľۣߺɥʬļз档
˼꣬ӣĳɥʬΧжС
˿ĩ⼸̫꣬ˡ
ĩ֮ǰǸʳߡûм۵һ¹ܻһڳԺϣϵߵסȻǸըѡ֣һͷʳ۷ḻȥְʳ༭
ĩ֮ԵĶʲôӪأСҩ裬ֳѹĵʡ
ҪпţͲˡ
ԣһ۴Խƽʱյ1969꣬⣬ɫľԺļѼҪ޳
裬á
ǸһסһҲá
ִϵĿڸУҲԡҪ֪ѾüûаͳϵʳŽˡ
緹¶ǣӣ˰Ժôõ⣬ĩɼɹɹů²ȥ
Աӵš֨ѽһ桰šĴýˡ
Ѿ·ϴ֮Ķˣ
˵ž͵ңԺû·һȦſڱϵ¨ҼԼ컻µ·
ġ
᱾ɳһӵˡ
Ѿϳǰ·㿴
ӣ˸˭·˭ϴ
᲻ŵ⻰˭Ѿ
ѾֻΨΨŵŵͷæôҸԼ죿
Ѿ
ӣͶ䣺ˣô
ظüˣûһ˳ĵ£
ϱĻ˪Ӷ˵޵ĺãǳԹҷĲ˵ա
տʼҲòȴˡ
˪úĶؼңϾϷŶҲǳһֵ£ʡµ㶫ûؼҸû֪
˪ɡƾô֣ԷһĮ
˪Ը⣬Լÿ°ʱȥ˪˪ע͵õľĸɻ˭֪˪ͬ·ˣԷֱӸȥ
˪Ҳ˻˴ӡ
صӵ˪ûһ겻񣬶ʱŶˣ˵Ƹĳʦٲ˺ϲ¡
ÿθ˼һӲˣԷҪ͵˪Ǯ߸һӼл
˵û½˪֣ܻ쵽ϯϳһ١
ڴҶûʲôˮӡ
ǲ㣬޵ǹ˪ڴϵ˪
֣˪ȥˡ
˪룬͵úĲ϶Գ˵Ǻ²ɵģֳǲС
˪ĥ˺ü꣬Ҳͬһ·һİˡ
ȵĸ￪ˣͣߴ˪˼ꡣپ˪ңҲ֪˪ǲġǵһʦҲв˴Զ
֮Ԥеûе
¹ȥûãǵĲḻ˪պãļۣҲԴԶ⡣
òУѼ۸񶨵ߡһ˻ûأԵҲЩɲͥˮж٣
ޣ˪ΪʲôǸһõĳӡ
˵һã˵Ķƨ˼˴ѧģǸɲһõ˪
ϽӪ֪Լ̺ô
һУðҶ˪һֻ֡
ӣ͹Ҳȥˡ˪ʰ˶ȥֵء
Ǹɴĸ˪˻飬ȥҷƵ·ˡ
տǼ꣬²һõѡ񡣻ƶȶ·ϽٵҲ٣˷Ӻƭӡ
ᱻƭ˼أԽԽ⣬ֻûؼҡ
ؼ֮ŷ֣һжһˡ
ѾӣʱҪҵķӣͰӣ˵һĶͷ
ӣ°˼꣬ѼӼŮĳɫޱȣҲ˵ġ
ɥ֮ȮһʱӣǸɷѾسǵ׸źȥʡǣĵδ
˪ҲʡһҾƵȥʲô
᲻֪ʲôܹǸ˴򹤵ĴС
ŵĻΪӣɷ
ƾʲôƾʲôӣ˳˳ˮһ޾ͼ˸׸
ԼӪʲôûõ
ӲԼˡ
ۣͷԼʮꡣ
ϲⱲӣҪȰ׸ˡ
˵Ҫ޶ͷڸ˪˻ϾѾأͬ˪˻顣
ᷳĲУܸܲ裬˪ǸҲǸ˴򹤵ɣ
ټϱʵӣһ̬ˡ
ŷŭŭŷŭţһ
ϱӣ׸Լ˪ⱲӼȻԼҪ׸ΪʲôӣͲܼ޸˪أ


2 
ԽԽǸ⣬˪ǸҷϣӣҲǸҷϡ˴һá
ӣһûûģƾʲô޸Ծ׸ˣ͸޸˪ҷϣһ¡
˵Ĳѣ·ùδǰ
ӣֻСèһģ۽ⶢῴ
ֻϵı仯Ǹͺɵݺͼʡ
ӣҲеƣǲϴ·ôޣ
Լ˼ôܽӣ޸˪أֻԼﲻͬ⣬Ͼ˪ǸйˣǴĺи绹ʡϴѧأãӶгϢҪǵԼ˪е飬»䲻Լͷϡ
Ҫǻӣֻ²Լһ˪ңûô׹ء
ӣµؿһ˹Ƿ̫ɹ̫ůˣûȥЩӰ˵ģֻ˯
ʾ֭˰죬һ⡣
Ȼ߶˵Լͽӣ˪ֻҪʱ䣬˿һǲͳˣ
ӣǸûģҪǰ˼޸˪ô죿
˪͸ˣǻڹӪйģҪ⣬ǿ϶Ҫ
ôһӣ˪ûӣǲļˣ˪Ǽ˼Ǩĳ˵׼Լѱ˸Լôأ
˪ô˵⼸ĳӣ϶ǮΪȡ£͵øԼԹԵǮԼǮȥԼңܺú££Ծӡ
ԺɳϢأһ̳мҵһ˴ǡ
ԼֻҪסӵģûӹ
ԽԽĳȣʱĵĶôȥӣ˪նѣδ׸ҪôǮ
ȵӣ˯һСҲѹ
£ӣƤȻƣһ˫ˮĴ۾ɽ˼ʵĲС
뵽ϱϷ糾վڴڣԾСӣȻ͵ɻȻԼѾһ˵ĸоǷޡ
ܺޣҪסӣԼ뷨ȥס˪
ӣƽĶۣӣʮֳɫֳɫƽʣȴҡ
ӣľǰƴС۾Сټƽӣȥ
Ѿʱ𣿡
ӣ룬ôûʱ䣿⼸죬ΪһֱҲﶼڹᣬʱ仹ҪϹȻ֪ӣ⼸е㲻ܣǹ˲¡
ҲʮˣҲҵɼӦȥѧġӣ֪ѧϲˡӣϴѧûжִϾ1969꣬ѧǸʲôҲֱ֪Ÿбҵ֤Ҹ·
а
뿴ýҪʲô
ҪҪһȥתתԹӪӡ
ӣᣬῴЩڡ
ȷλýûʲôƨǡ
ӪӰ
Ƥ֭ŨϣʳӻĶζ
ĺþúþûζˣĩֲ֮ﻹڴûǸġסܼ˼Ѽ֮ĻЩĩĲû취Ρ
ã
ʲôıƵģȰӷ
ἸҪȸԾǾ˵ˣȥ
Ҫתˣӣס
㣬Ǯȥ
һ˭һǸûɥأɲӣһ׵ġ
ģҿ϶Ǯ
һһëǮһǮܹԵİɣ
ӣˣãҾ͵ҳˡ
ԭ̯˿϶Ҫģӳԣһơ
ȵϣؼҵʱ򣬿ŮѾ˴ҲŸˡ
ͨ˰ɣܺ˪õأҪͨ˾ʵʵڼұܣһ˪Ҿˡ
ڿͷԼ˵ıȽ磬Ҳ֪
ټ˪꣬ۿʮˣҲʱ޹ȥˡ
᲻ͷ˵֪֪ˣ˵ˡ
ЦŴӦúúãҪ޳ȥˣ⻹֪ء
᣺
ŮٸԼҲĴʯͷ
ϿյģŻ죬⼸æչᣬԼ˳˵ġӣûи·ҲûϴʳҲûι
ֻŻżæܵȦȥ
һͷʹɥһ
ɱѽɶˣ
ѾѾӸҹ⼸զι
ҲƤ
ŭس˰ʳĹӽֱӣȥ
ӣ͵ֺһ뼦˯š
ԭӣһӪֽŸ첲ȶϸСˡҪǾǵúóԺ˯ټԼȪˮһ²ܲ
ʳѵţӣαţ׼һֻͷ
ǶˡҲǲѾæչңŶûȥôȥݰʳ
Ů£껹ץǿ硣
ɶ۵ģҿСĴˣأܡҲɥǣιզ˳Էأ
ϣûˡɥǿ˵ҪҸĺͲ֪ĶˡҲµأŸڼԸɷιô
Ѿ֪Ҷ㣬Ͻҹ
ӣǺЦҲǸҪġԭǮʳ˼˵׳ԸɷԭȻǲ֪ԼĲõʲôʱģӣһնԷļ֪⡣ٽȥڿԭʿŮ֤ڰٷ֮һƶԭǮһ˽ˡ
ʿŮչߣһ㶼Ǹչ˵ʮ꣬ôǰԭϲѧأ
Լŵʰǣٿ⼸ӻԭķϸ۳ʱⲻҪˡ
ͷ껹Ѿˡ
ܲܿʱָŸӣ˪ǣءʱӣһ٣һ첻Լһȥô죿
ܱܲˣҪٲιһˣ
걻ŮһӸˣҲ˲ȥӣ
ɲԼģǴϷģĻӣʿŮͷСвҪˣϿ϶Ҫ鷳һ˵þͲǼˡ
æȥʳˣ֮ǰݺݵĳӣһڡ
ޣСӣ׼ԷҲúö㡣
ӣ˸ӡɶԲԵģ˾ûʲôܳԵġǶٷһ˳ԵĶǰ࣬Լһͷ
ﻹأһȥ弦ȡ
һըѡ֣ΨһľǼŵ㾢ȥӣ
ƺǴҪúöһӣûԷ
ӣͷ󲮵ƺһôûԷȻҲû˺ġ
ӣȻһ˵ԭꡣ˳ǸˣҲи
ԭڼҲʾģÿԭԭԷʱ򣬶˳Բżĸһͷ
ӣãҪǰԭˣܹܲסꣿ겻ԭһϳ⡰ʵĴ󲮾û⣿
ӣںڰ۾ʰ겢Ǹ鷳¡ô˵Ҳռʱ鷳
մչ˵Ĺ⣬⼸ûû裬һվһ·У綼ϡ¡
ǣֿٲЩҪ˵󲮺ôҲ㵽ˣҪ֪Ļ
ӣ˸ʱЩ˼ôӳˣ


3 
ڶһˣ˳һҪ֪ԼŮԴǰбҵ֮ǼСʱġ
ô̫߳
˳ǰǻװһµģֻ˵ԼȥתתҲȥµܵҫѧУȱȱ
˳û˵ʲô굹ˡ
ȥﰡôԶ·Ѿһ˾͵ˡ
ϵĸҲܽӦǺ칫ĹУǸΨһһУطխѧǴ඼Լʳȥѧģȵ˷һ¡
ӺùЩҫѧǲʳģǳʳá⣬껹¶ѧУίڰȥһˣ͵㡣
᲻ͷ˵ҲûֳɵģȥʣҫҪҪ͵´͡
ھͰͲöഴ켸ӣ˪ദĻᡣ
պõĶŮҲЩϧŮһ˵ҲͲˡ
ȵ˳궼ȥϹȥӣš
ӣ⼸춼ڵ壬һ㶼˯ȥġ
һţӣˡ
ӣ
ʰվſڵȴǰ㶼
ӣסһ䷿ļ䷿һ䣬С˵ɹҲá
ѳţɴͰӣ䷿ӵ˲ֿ⡣
һǶЩľשҪǷסԼӴ˻ҪȢϱӡļ䷿ʵҲסҪǸӾסˡ
ΣʶĿʼשľ壬ŹܵǮӣǮټӣ޳ȥõĲǮƬյľͷשͷҲܽ޸һ䷿
˶˵ˣӶ񣬶Ӷรĺ¡
ӣЩľשͷƬֻиľһȱȵӡϷһһֵ´ɸס
վſޱӣôôݣͷôҡ
ôݣϱô£סԾĵģ
ⲻϽӣѾ˵ôҲʰʰɡ㿴ҵģҪǼ޵˼һôңŲʰ㣿ѾɵúúüţﶼûˣҪԼٲȼ޳ȥĿͷˡ
ӣһʰԼһ߷ۣһһڲԼӡ
⼸죬ӣķ᲻̫
ӡУΪԼиڹӪ깤ĶԺģԭļļǵãϸ»ڴźԣ˵Լȥ֮һúù꣬ӣ˺ǻǿɾ칫ҵĶ˽»ôߥ˪Ӻö
Ӫĺǲó˳ͣʱңǶأ
ż죬ôͻȻԸ˪ˣ
ӣһ·ͷɱӡſһֻаƴСľһԼȪˮȻѾˡ
˵һӣҲȤ
ѾԶӴ򲻳һƨ¾ǿޡ
Ҳҷӣ䣬շת˺óʱ䣬ΪӣҲǸһءڿԷƺ«Ǿͻá
߰ɡ
ӣӶӡ
һ˴ȥ˵ߵĹа˸ӣ߶ӵģŴɽͷһСӹ˺ӹأܵ
ΪԼԼҵʤҲз깩磬߶ӵǻϲĺ칫ȥð춫
ӣ߱߼·ԭ˼䣬ԼǸһ
ͱһ·ϴкˣӣѶϣֻ岮Ϲһԭ֮ǰҲٳţ߶ӵĴգҵٵĿͺܲд
ʱ˶ȥϹˣϵҲ࣬ӣϹЦ˭Цдк
ûɣղҵӣ
겻˵ڼҸСһզݳ
ݣɫĶһǿ׶ˡ

ҲԱǴС֣˭ӣ֮ǰѧڼɻأ
굹Ǹûɻģ˳Ҫϴ·ҲһǽӣϴȥϴϴЩԱǶû𴲣ȥɽסĵطͿɽҲˡ
µģӣ⼸ٳǰ껹ͷ˵ӣµزɻﶼźӣû취˭˼ʿŮأ
ĻδôţĲ˵ǸƲǸģźãеӵľͲš
ýһԱȾͺˣýֺǰ棬˭кõСߺ棬ϻЦ
ǲǸýдӳȥҿô˵ҲʿŮ
ȥɱû㣬Ѿͷ޳ȥҳģ㵱ӳʲô֪أ˼Լû˵
˵겻˳Ǹʵϵģⲻӣбҵˡ
ôʲôã˼˵ˣⶼǳϾš
Ϲȱȣ뵱Ͼţϣ
˵˳أˡҳ˳Ҳզ˽ѧҲûѾͷðɶǿӶ̳ɶˡ
˳ǸĴģ겻񻰡

һ·ϣӣһĶãΪȪˮ΢һЩ˵Ļȫڶ
Ȼ
˳Ǳȴĸöˡ
ӣ˰Сʱ򲻴λȴãŴ·ߵһǺ칫磬Ŵ·߶ʮسǡϸеĶУӪң޳һңй硢վ
ӣ˴ӣҵ˪ĹӪꡣ
˵ҹӪ꣬ʵֻ˪һųƵǷ꣬ġ·ꡱֶԣȥе㻬һ䷹ǰǸֺŵ̯չӪˣ־ͽйӪݡ
·ͷʮӣѾൽ˷㣬ȴûˡԱ̨ӱϿָף϶ϵΧȹǺͮͮǺͼ֡¹Ӫ󷹵ꡱ
˵Ҫ˪ǵ˪ںҽȥе¡
Աʶᣬôܷ˲ڣȥվòȥˡ
᲻ͷɶʱ
Ա˵׼Ҷûֱ˭֪ʱ䣿
ϼֱ˲͹˲⣬˷ԱǹٵͶҲֱӾȥͬ־ҪǳԷ£Ծͳȥ˵Ļſڵȡ
ᱻԿۣ˵Լ˪δޣ⻰ҪһǸ˪Ļ᣿
ǸĸӰɡ
ԱˢˢдëǮƱ
ӣӶóԼСͷϸ˵ũǲƱģΪܵҫѧ۶ӣӣһѧǱʳȥվƱӳѧУʳãϲƱ
ԱǮƱӺĸӷ´ֱ̨ϡ
ӣĺúõģӽסˡ
ڵӣ嶼Եôɰ뵣տڴԼܿһ㽴ɫӡӡ۲Ǻܰףŵɸ׵΢ƣ·ǸӼһЧȥ˿ɿڡ
ӣӣӪĶʵӹĹңҲ֪˲ϡ
Ҳе⼸죬ĭûţ˵ӣ˪նѣҲ˳Լ硣
ҧһڰ׼ζʱӣѾѸٵĸɵ˴ӡ
ԵڶڵʱӣѾһ
Եһ룬ӣѾ
ӣδĿý㣺㣬ûԱ
ڰӣľ͸ʱһڣнĭԲӣҵĳһǸԳмֵģǴôнˮôнĩܿˣ
Ȼζӱζζһ·㵽θӣãԼʮ
ҧ˪ڻû϶ӣ⡣
ԣȥ򡣡


4 
վӣȴ۰ͰͿ´롣
˳ӣĿ⿴ȥԷȻʣµǸӡ
㣡
ᣬӣȥ˼ʮ飬˳ҲԹꡣôѾˣ߰ûԹһ
Ҫӣ֪ô룬һƴͷȷʵ߰ûԹˡ
ӣӣһ㲻壬Եÿ죬ȴ㲻ݣֻŰӣ۾ϴŲ·ͷߣֻɹ̫СèдŵС
˪Ųˣ߽ʱ򿴵ľһ档
ӣӣ۽ƳſվһˣӪͻľߡӣﰵԹһ£ܵһװϡ
ϸһۣԷĳ˾ȡʣüĿ̣ͷļ̣ȴͻü٣дžйԵ
֮ܶ˧ĺ˧ĸ˸롣
ڵӵļ϶˧磬ҲгϢˡӣﰵԿϧò̶ȣںȦôҲүͷԵˮƽˣܿһӷ֡
ϧ˰
´룬ֻëǮƱ۲ѡһŤͿ˪
ûס롣
˪ĺÿǲ֪ŮʱΧмﲻĽһӣؼӻôÿ᳤Ҳͨ㣬Ҳûʲôϡģ¼ֱ˼ʡ
ٿ˪̲סĲ
ǿع־Լˡ
Ͳһ㣡֪˪ˣղžͲżˣ
ô˵Ҳ˪δޣԸѵӦ˪ͣţ˳˵˳
˪ôôã˾ͰҸղŸȥƱҪɣǵҲȱƱ
ԼˣûҪ˪ǮֻҪƱ˪ǹˣÿ¶Ʊֲȱٲãô˻Ʊܱȴס
˪ǼеĮӣϿһ顣߲˴Ȼڹ̨ԱƱ
ԱΪ˵ʶ˪Ǽٻʱȴò׼ˣѵ⻹ݣ
˪߲˾Ͷ˸´ɸ׵̨ǰͷˮȣԱе㲻˼ĴչʣʦʲôƱ˰
ﻹŰӣѾе㲻ͷˣ˪ôôĥߴ˸Ʊ
˪̧ͷԱ¶һЩı飺ΪʲôҪˡ
룡¿ըѣдŲšԱһԭʦ˸Ӵŵ硱ı顣
ţ˪ô˵Ҳδޣװʲôβأǽ˸ƱڲôС
Ҳʲôܸ˪ϹϵˣӶǷŭ
˵ҲǹʹȻ˪һϱӣ˪Щϸ֮⣬Щеϲţ˪ͲᡣмΪ˪Ҫˣһָͷû
ʱ˪ܶ
ڱ˪ĵһӦǷŭ޲ڵϴб˶˪ĵԡ
˪еˣϰ࣬и̣ƽʱҲǰ»ȥһ˸͹ʺƱҲ˵ģûʼߣڶԷҵĵطҪƱʵǲʡ
ǰɣƱĲˣҲйġ
ٶ˪Ҳ˵ҪǸӦͣѵǰԷµӣ˪ѾﶨŻ²Ըˡ
ҵƱǶõģҲûƱϡ
⻰û٣˪и׸ʡϴѧƱҪȥȫƱĸ硣ͲڻϹ˪ڹӪ꣬Ȼܲ¶Ե浹ǻȥ
ᱻ˪ֽˮҲˡ
ʣһûʼʽ̸£˪ͷ˵һ˵
ҲҴ˶˾ǶˣʱţǶˣȻҪ˼¾ͿֱӰ½顣
ỹ˵ʲôӣѾȲˡ
гϢҲûϢôõģûҪδ򣬾ȻôÿٺÿҲܵӳԡ
㣬Ҷˡô
ӣ߹֪ôõģɾͰӶԼϡ
Ƥһ亰򡱵ģߺ񶼲Ը⡣Ͳ˵ˣڼּ˷˵˪˪ƱȥҲûġӣզ£ûơ
ӣӾҪȥ³ԣۼֿק
˪ҶҵŮӣȥҵˣСһ꣬ʮˡ
ӣһ£ĳ
˪һղʱͿĹղŻͰ͵è۾ɵԲģȥŵĲᡣ
á
ֻЦأӣҲŵͷá
Ť㣬ĺö
˵˪ӣı֣ҲˡϾӣӴ򲻳һƨ˪Ǹ궼˵ģܵԼкѾ㲻ˡ
ֻҪռλϼΣ¹ûǸ˼Ҳܸʵˣ
ˣȥ԰ɡ
ӣȲܻλӣҪһúƷζԱߣﱧŰ׿ˮȵûûζһǮ˸ɾԼҲͳһӡ
ӣѾͷôôܳԣ
ӣˣ¶ӣŤͷ㡭
᣺ûˣûǮˣѾ´ΰɡ
ӣԹĿһᣬʲôΪ˵Ǯָԣͳ˾Ÿ
ǽ㣬ǹ컹԰ɡŵ˿ģ´ҳ˿òã
᱾ȥҲ˿桱תһ룬´δӣĽڲ´ɴӣһԣʡΪڳҷϲ˵
У
˻ȥʱã˴ϵ¿
ϳǴϵ壬Ƚеëµظɻʹ϶ӾͰ¿ָܡҲˣվ¿ŪӡӣѭżĳƺһԷҲ
ﶼأϳļҵСӣǶӳҵСӡ
Ӷͣ¿㣬˻һȥǣֵĲ֪
ӣòߣϻȥ·˵ҲŵðСʱĶ¿㣿
İűӣ¿ζͲһβϡ
ӽжƽʱϲͷ¿ӣſӳСʯͷ˵С
С

ӣ̲סЦʯͷҪ˵ʲô¿һߣЦ
㿴㣬Сߵҧסͷ˰ɣ
ʯͷ˵ǰҲЦСĵ㣬һ·ߡ
ʯͷ죬ģְַؿڣɤ﷢պյ
ӣһļͣ
᲻ͷĺܣѾʲô
ӣ͸ࣺϽģСǿˣһϢˡ


5 
ʲô
æͣ¿Ϳӣһ³¿ûͣȾͰʯͷϡ
ޣﶼǵСʯͷιöʵӣʱ΢һ¡
ˣѾ
Сʯͷǿʲô£Ͻͷȥ
޲ȥְСʯͷǴӳҵСӣҪиôΪῴʿŮ͸һ棿
мپĻҪǿӣСʯͷһȭһְסȭͷСʯͷؿڲͣѹ
ѾϽСʯͷϡ
ӣ˵ϣСǿٲŪһ˾û˻ϡ
ҲᣬӣʩȡڴƳһͷĺҲŵ۴ޡ
ἱˣҪӣ֡
Ҫǰˣͷӳ׷ô찡ʱҪԾҪϿ֤ģһӳˣô޸δ׸
ӣʲô¡
ӣСʯͷţ˺ˣǿˣſ죬н㿴û£
Сʯͷµֻ۾ð⣬ղŷܳˣһӳӣĻ۵Ŀءˡ
ӣСʯͷҵĲûվסСŻˣ֡
庹Ĵչӣǡûˣ
ӣղһͨͷҲ˵㺹ʾӦӦûˡ
С˵ôҲ󣬻ȥȼ͵á
ʯͷˣŹӲ䵽ӣߡ
ղӣСʯͷĻ̫Ӣˣ۵д˳ݣСӣߣСһ
Сÿ°ҲҪСĳˡ
ӣЦãֺ䣬Űϵ޺á
ҲӣǧллҿӣţҪӣûСʯͷҪСԼǰ
ļϴһ⣬ʱôӳ
ûµģ壬ǻǸϽȥɡ
壺Уͻأ
˳
أ
Ťͷңղȥӣˡ
ѽôˣôˣ
ôţǱСʯͷ³ǿҵͷϵѨλɸ¡
һ㿴ӣӣҪ
ӣȥ˷Ƥ̶ԣû£Ѩλˣһѡ
ʵǵѪˣͷѪҲϡ棬װ˺ü죬Ķô˻飬Ҳûôԣͳһӡ
ӣιȥᣬ⡣
ӣ˵ͰŰܵ¿Ϸƽ˲֪ʲôѪǣӣȻ˵ûд󰭣Ǿûд󰭡
ղһӣ˵ʲô嶼š
¿֨֨ѽѽ·ˣһҲԸٸղһ
ӣղһǴĶѧģ޲ڣűǹĳŴأ
ӣ׼Ϲ˵ĸ˳ԭȻڵʱ̹һ㣬ҩ
ԭǴϵĳҽЩΧ˭еëԭ￴һǴëȥƫ͵á
ȻǳԾǼô˵ǰЩǹҪгŴ˰ҲûǴˡҪ˵ᣬֱܰȥˣ
ӣװΪѣ壬ǲһеͷԼܿѧڡ˵ˡ
ڴôʱ䣬û˿ӣķԷӣͷǺѹӣҲۡ
Ҫô˵ûĺӲңǸѾͷĸҲ˵ԭӣڵʱѾͷ棬⼸ɴŶôˡ
¶˾ģһȥ͸ӳи˵һýиȥһңҪӣ飬ҵСʯͷƶҪסΪ͵ø˼ѾͷŸ
꣬ﶫһ飬Ͳö㵽ҵĴ̵ȥ˵ǽǡԼҵҫƤӰװףСһǰ˼ʿŮӵˣԵӣÿĶʮǮͶٸ
¿˴ϣӣȳͣȾ˳СʯͷϽӣȲ֡
ӣζ˵Ȱҽȥ㲻ȥ¿Ҳǵøʯͷ˵һ˵Сĺһ⼸ǵ͵ĸӳԣˮҪ̫ȵġ
ӦӣȴĸȵУСĵ㣬ȥ֮ҲϽԵõϢϢҲˡ
ʯͷǸʵӣһֱϵİѹҲǻ˴ġ
ԵõģӣЦʹĸһٺõĲŶԡ
ӣ˼һ·˲ˣӣ˵ǲСιȥˣģи뿴֡Ѿкµȥˡ
ȻӣϣԼŪһȪˮŵʱ򣬴ĸһ·ܻˣ־ԵĴɤš
ҵᰡҵĹŮô˰
ŤͷӣûһںˮŭֱҪƷ
Ѿҹ㵹˵˵ôˣôö˶˵Ļᷴ£
⻰˵ģ·ӣû¾ʲô治һ
곭ʳĹӾҪӣкǲӣ⣬һٽ˵
ӣֵһӣ̲ס˻һ
ǰѾ׼ô껹ǽѵ˵
Ҫ֪ΪһҽӣǺģϾҽҪԴ󣬺װӹƬ
վŰʵڲӣԸ
ӣɨһ⣬λãߵھӶԶҪȵƻһ
ỹ˯ţӣһɴʳӡ
һգҲͣһ˲ѾҪ췴ǲǣ
ӣʳõأĸ⻰˵ģ쾭壿Ҳ밤췴ӵʵۣôûҵĻλˣ
һһʵۣ඼ҪѾϹ˵ʲôأ
ӣԺɨһ飺ĸʱȽϼʱٰ죬۾ɴ˹
ûףˣӣΪֱȥ
ֻӣƹƹңѼ´裬ľӣˮףֽͱһ顭
ʳ֣ӣ˸ǯӣ´ͱ˸󶴣ֽͱƣˮʯͷá
˶ҪˣӣҲˣѾ
һɤӺԶӣ˲óŲܼȻǳˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ӣѻǯӺʳԼ˸ɾĵطš
Ÿ첲ϱ򵽵ĵطĸҲˡ


6 
ӣ˵С򣬺ۿм°͵Сڹʲôп
ŻǯӺʳûɢȥŭãȻ
ǣ˶㻹ޣ
Ҳް
´裬ˮӣԷõľӣ
ǲʮǮŰõİ
ˮӣˮȫˮӡ
ꡰ໡һɤӿ޳һ߿һ߻ĹǯӾӣˡ
Сˣ׵ɥǣҪǮ˥˵ҵ´谡ҵˮӣҼҵĴӰⶼҸǼҫµļҵҴɥǣӣˣ߳ţ
ĸ۰۵λ
ͷ˭ҲǿٿĹϹһ굽ͷʮǮһææһ꣬һ´ߴˮס
ӣСˣ첻֪ǳʲôıӵȻҰѼΨ´ӴһˮҲһмĲǿϡļ䷿ֻеĲӣļӵĲʹֽȫˣһûʣ
ɱӣĶˣʳӳӣͷңǯҲӣͷк
ӣһ߿ˣһﺰţĸҲ˲ˣ
ﰵ̾üһһӿǰ˴̼ˣֵĺݾҪÿ죬ǯӶҪˣ
ûг̫ãӣҪӱʱѾ嵽ǰ档
ͲһץסһӵĻǯӣ˳ƾ͸һš
ꡰϡһԱߣӣʱһĻǯӾ͸ˣղű־ȫޣû·ϳ˱ʳóһûʲôˡ
˸߸ſָӣ
ӣϻûȥ˲̡
ίˣڵϣɴҲˣ޵һᣬŵϵȫǺɫӡӣɤŻ󣺡ӣСɥǡ
һþƽʻ
ǰĴӳиɫڵĲٺˣߵᣬֵˡ
ҲʱũæĴ⣬ֵһ󴮡
꾶ţӣӿ˷֮ڿļ϶һл
˵Ǵղžܵ죬ӣһʱŭͷ͸һӡ
еǣû̫ݡӣٿӣƴСȫǾֺ£͸һ㡣
иҵԺӣһȺҲţԺ̲ס˽
ֹݵİҵġ
ôҵأͲӣҵģ
㳤ǳʹİûӣѾͷɶˣ
ǣղҿ˵Ҫӣġ
Ů˰ָĶڵġ
ɲǡԺĶûٿ˿˼ңҪˣҲ˼ҵ

꿴һȺӿţ·ҵ˿ɽһɣɤŸĺޣһһҺĸԺȣɥôǵİҼˮӶ˸飡һʲôҲˣ
ɵĵͣûиȺУֻΪ֡ӸĿޣȥ˵ӣ˼ĶҪ
ӣиԱߣĺޱѸղԼĻһ顣
ӳҸղȷʵе嶯ûҪǲһţǻǯӾܰӣͷˣ
ûԼдһ˸ģӣϸˣ˭ӣ˼ӣûպ׼ͷ˶֮ɴ෢йӣϡ
и˵뷨һôܹ鲻ӣҵģһϸС˰ܸʲô
꣬ղſڿҪ˵Ļɲֹһ
и˶ĴӳȻĴ·ʽȥ˳лӲֲһģ˶ûŻǶиʰҲõ˵棬ʡı˵۸ɵ
˳ôι
ȻӣǸŮиҲ֪û˵Ůӿ϶ǰһôãΪľеСžţϲҶӣ˭Ҫǻĳ϶ˮӡ
˼ʿŮҲӣҪСһԣƿ˵ҷˣӳҲøųԹ䣡
ȻиҲ޹⡣
ӳְ
Ϊҷ޵ôܿڴӵϺúչӣϾӣҲˣסƫû²и˰ɣҲ˵ȥӣûңȥֻ˳չˡ
껹ҲһͷС̵̣켸ʾ˳ǿӣϣ˳Ҳظ֤˵չֶŮ
չ˵ģ
иŭѾܵؿˡ
ȥ˳Ͻҹ
˵ҪһӣһҾ֪ͨߣ
иҿӣϵˣС䶼ˣΧûһ˼ġֻΪӣ̫ˣƿƤֺֻƸ֦һ˸ձһѪۣһЩϺۼһ֪һ졣
ȥˣ
ղŴչĻеģΪϢѾٸŮҲ˹
ŮǸǡӣúһС绹ʵʵýȥϣѾ˴⸱ģжˡ
иŮͷһ֪ɶ಼ֱŰŰ
⻹ǵ˼Ҵĸģöǳ
ޣʲôණ
ϸԸĹֱӾק꿪
ҲǸģֶŮô£ȥ˼ҵû
и˵·ӲԣϽزʲôϵģΨ壬һס
⻰Ҳ֪ȥûȥһ
ӻţⲻ԰ӣ˶ЩĸǻǮģƾʲôЩ
ʲô粻ˣ챻µʵʵֻð𣬿ӣһȺŮΧмġ
ӣҲᣬһֱҲǸ£пҪأ
ãͿһȳһյˡ
弱һͷղǰСʯͷ͵иĿգת˵ҪӣˣæϹ
ֱ¸Եйء
ӣʲôǱСʯͷסǿ鵯εģţ
ȳȣҪи˵
ӣãֻˡ


7 
ûȣ͸иһͨͣиεΪʯͷǿ鿨סˣӣСʯͷǿѹ˳õ᲻֪ĸѨλˣˡӣûϵ
иͻĻһץס˹ؼ㣺˵Сʯͷǿ鿨ˣ
иʮͷŵСӣϴѾʮüˣʲôᣬСӻ㶮¿ɰһͼˡ
ϽСʯͷúõأӣѧ˵ҽʱǿŪˡиɵø˳˵ӣ£ôܴأ
иѸٰϵֻ϶յģиʲô£
ӣӣԼùˣΪӣᣬ˼С
ӣԲ㡭
ʲôҪ˵Ķġ
ӣûԼӦ±˵Ǹ⣬ԭ⼸ҲûΪһҷ׹ҲǸղǼ£껹˸ſأҲ㳶ƽ
Σԭ·ӣȡԭʿŮͷĺܣֱȥӳϻƼȦҲаидֱӵǸҲô˳һҡ
ôķʽԭһûãȻÿ춼ڼɻԼˡ
ӣϻǵӳཻӵı飬ʱٲץʱ߿࣬ԭܵί˵һ飬Ǹɵˡ
߿ҲҪģֻӣʵи塭ҵķӡҪҪ
иһʱ·ûӣʲô˼ʲô
Ѿ׼ӣ˵ĿˣôСﷴҪ
ӣ·ǱһָϽ䣺и壬ѷˣߴӸһһסֻҪС
˵иˣΧҲ⡣
ӣѾͷɱʲôɣµķӣסĺúõģôͲҪˣ
ǰ䷿˶㡣
иҲȰĸ۸ģһҾ͸˵ķӸûϵסžǡ
ģСѾͷĸŵģҸ˰סˡ
ӣǵġҾǾá
ڲѧˣû֡ĸ˵ڼ׳ԸɷŰѷˣյǮĸ
ӣ壬ԭôΨΨŵŵһԸԭ򣬻һһӲͣظͷ
ָʹԭɻ˵ԭʲôûУ䷿ӣƽԺȶǿ󲮡
ԭ֪ԼĲ쵽ʮ꣬Ϊ˵Ķʵ顣겻Ҿԭѧÿѧ֮ǰҪŻ˵ѧѶ˳ģҪúТһӣװģŪ˸˵Ǽԭ˶ǮԺҪ
ټ˳궥ǰʱʱĳԭǰů
ôһԭÿ춼ǾڶԴĸԹ޺ͶԴ󲮵Ľ
ڻӣӣһԭļ֪ԭĲ⡣ʲôʱʿŮǻܶԭһûģֹ¶Ͽ϶һֱչ˵꣬ᰴѧѧأ
ӵĻʵǸһƵĻԡ
ȻиԾʮֲ죺ǷĸǮϲÿʮǮжٸ𣿡
ǵȫӵ˵ģ˶֪
ϵĹһ֣ٸ־ʮ飬ϾʮǮȻӣϹǴӵʳϹҲһʳ֣ôӣӲѹỹӣĶ˵ҽǮҩǮ϶ҪôЩ˿٣Ҳ²ٰɣ
ϱ
սţûȾͰ⻰˳Ҳûվȡ
군ˣ͵ôһӳѾ鵽Ǯ͹ֵˣ
ӣش˳Ͻͷ󺹳嵽ǰԲ
ûе£Ѿĸ˵ģôҪǮǴ󲮵ֶŮӦչģʲôǮǮģ㵱׹Ůġ⼸ѧȻ˵ǻĶ˵㣬ܳеģ
ϵ˶˳εģϾǸڣȻͬ˳˳ƽҲǸ͵ˣˣ˭¶֣ڴϻе˳⻰һЩ˵ƽ˲бˡ
˳˼ĪӣѧУﻨǮˣ
û׼ӣѧУϣأָѾͷˣԹ˳ӽǮ
һʮ顭ܻİ

ӣ﷢Ȼĸ̾Ҫô˵λ󲮲Ǻݽɫһ仰ܰìͷ׼ǮѾˣҪڽƽôӳ飬Ȼѳ淭Ҳ˵塣ҶԷܰеĹƸ꣬˵֪顣
ǲܶģӣҲ˳ŶԷ˼ߡ
ӣ󲮣ȥĸͰҵʿŮ֤ˣ˵Ǵϲҷ˰ҡǰĲĸ˵岻ҪҩҶĸˡ
ǮǰɣǾ顣
˳ԿǶըˣһ۵ŵ꣬ģ˵˶ٴΣھȻԶǴҲܴˡһѾͷܳȥб˿ʲôһӱ˵ռôˣǰԵĶ³ڿɺãѾͷȻҪץŲǮˣ
ѾǶԲס㡭ĸûסʲôʿŮ֤£Ҷ֪ġĲǸ꣬ĸǮתˣ㲻֪𣿡
˳ۼŪȥˣ԰ȫϣ¡û˳Ƥˣһϡ
ӣܷŹŹ֣Ů˱кôʱģģֱӣݡ
ΧԱǻпģиȻǡ
Ŀһ˳ûӣ˵ͰǮ͹ֵ飬һ˵ӣپ͸˼Ҳ١Ŵ˵¡
Ǹ˳ֵӾ֪ǰֻҲӣġи뿴ӻʲô޵ľٶ
˵˳û˴ʣǮ͹ֻܺŪһƲԼ¿ǰ϶ˡ
ѾĸǺͿִ󲮲ãƽʱæϹЩ¡
˳ϻô죿ӣϵ˾֤Ҳԩˡ
˳ϵĸɴ࣬ǸҲ
ڣҪӣץŲţȻЩˡԱͬģӣƽ̫࣬Щֻ̫̱
ӣĨһѲڵ᣺󲮣Ҳ㡭ҵʿŮ֤ܻ𣿡


8 
иţ˳æӦУȥãѾ󲮶Բ㣬󲮿϶úòģɱԹ޴󲮡
˳Ͻȥ֤һ壬˾Ծˡ
զ˳סǰӵӣ
סƫǸ˵ģЩȻ֪мԺǽˣҲû˳ģסԼܵܺŵĵϱӡ
иɫԽԽѿ
Ҫǣ˳ݰһҲûҵ֤ͷ󺹡
ӣġѣ󲮣ǲǴĸҫˣ
ԶԶԣ˳һţϱеʲôϲӣ˵ǰѶضˡ
˳Ťֽһӡ
ҫסǼǰӣסİɣ
Χ˵΢
˳ڶһȦûҼʱѾļ١
ӣ󲮣Ҫʴĸɡ
ֻ۾ð𣬵˶·һûһҪժϵĨ
ӣ˳һڻؾȥ
ǸͿҪժϵĨ˭֪ᶶ§ʲôҪĻǶŰɡ
ӣҲУҪҲȥң˵׼ǴĸѾˡ
˷ֱӡ
ҳӣסǼ䣬ļСһɡ
Χ۵ԱѾǲ֪ʲôζˡ
ٿҵԺӣӣҵԭߵģ˳һҵǶߵ䡣ڲмԺǽӣסߵһСӡ˳ұݵڶߣڶߵһưܵӣԭӣҵſڷˮ̳ӡ
кµֱӴܵſȥȻдŲŵĻ
ͷһϣ
а벧ӵͣ
ǽǶ˺üӣһʳ

ͷиҲۼ⿴һ´裬´ӡǹӣģӹ˳ϵġ
´᷿ſڡ
иҲܲôˣǳӣסǼȥˡ
մҵ֤˳žͿи߹˵еˣӡӳǡҪ
и˳ƿվӣſڡ
һƿţиͳĬһؽĻɽ
Ķȱ첲ȵĲ˵ǽǶһѵשͷľͷô£ӣĴ̣ӶõĲģϵĲӾ鲼ƴġ
˳޲ܴԼһ٣ô磡
ӳûע⵽
⻰˳Լ˵ȥǰӣĲ黹˵Լ֪ӣס䷿˵Լ֪е˵ȥˡ
Ȼи˵ˡŤͷȥ⼸䷿ķš
һиѪ
˳סķӰʶǺõģϻŴӸӣ´ɸӡƬĲȥͲٻǮһױ̨ȥеͷֵľָ˵ǰʱϱļҾߡҫڵķ䣬ֱǴɨĸ˵ķҲûˣµģͷ޻
ӣ˵иΧ˿˳۹ⶼˡ
ôĶܲ˳µİɣҶһӣ⼸˭ܹʲôﶼи
˳ɫյͨ졣
иƱ磬ֶӣ֤
а㣬˳ֶŮǮסֶŮķӣ㻹Ǹ˲ǣ
ӣһװʲô֪һ޹
˳˵ΧҲߡ
סһڣɥĵ˵ӣôôأȱðˣ
ԱߵҲָָ㡣
˵أǼǿ˵дδϿӣںӱϴ·ţһţ˳ˣڿû׼ǰ˵СѾʹأ
ĵûôѹ˵ģǺ͸ˣ
ǼҺڵҫһѧУģ֮ǰ˵ҫڿѧУʳóԣǰɴġ
˾ӦýдǴ͵ȥһ٣
Ҫиֲھ˳ȥ
˳ĺˣǰͷܽƱ磬ҲǾӣǸСѾͷһһžˣ˭ôЩ˻˵Ҫ
˳ֶˣһ㿴ӣѾǺͿˣ¡
ӣ̾Ҫô˵˱ӺʹôҪɫӣɲӦУòװѴһӵ˺˲Ż
Աߵиǿ˳ֱӰ˳ƵһȥȻʹ˸ɫмŮӣȥԱ˵˵Ĺϵ
ӣһСѾͷ˳һѹ˺ü꣬Ūʲôء
иȻ֪Ҫӣ˵˼Ͼ¿ɴС˵ѹʿŮȥ෿ҲʹáС˵ӣҪԸһҲǿԵġ
и̾վĽǶǲϣӣִһִⲻ˾Ҫ˵ӳְǴ˳꣬ʵҲ۵㡣
ǡ
иղ˵ģӣǾСӵġΪСʯͷѹͲᰤٴ
и¶˾ģӣҪôѡ֧֡ӣ˵˴ߣҲ˵ʲô
˳վԭأֻؿڰ˸䣬һһȫǺϢ
֪ˣӣһ޿ȥ෿һǳϣڵϲ˵󻹲֪Ҫô졣
˳ӶģӣǷȥ෿ķӻס𣿻ҫڣҫڻѧ
뵽Щ˳ͷޣ۳ӣһȺŮ˵ȴͷ֪Ӧʲô
˳˺ģ£¹ǽϵļëӣͷϴ
㣡ҰѼҺúýϣ㵹ƭ˵ѾԼ˵ҪȥǰסӣԵѾĵ𣿡
˳һߴһ߿ޣڵϷԺеĳҲϷ϶߰ĺӡӡ
иɫÿˣͼȥ˳ϵļëӡ
˳޵ӣǰѾ󲮶Բ㣡Բס
ӣƣȲµĲҪô˵Ǹˣ˺Ƥĺݾδ
ȻΧ̾вᶨ˱˳ĳһˣʧһ㣬̯ôҲ
ӣΧ˵˽ǹһЦݡ
ǰĶ꣬õľȫ˳ˡ
ҪǾŲţ˵Ҫ˱ѺߣЩ˾ָ˵ˡ
ӣĦʿŮ֤˳ӣƻڴӵ⡣
ϾʮˣҪ˼ͼˡ
ʱ䷿ôмݸʮ׸ߵԺǽסһӡ
˳һੲݣѾ󲮲ģֻһᣬô󲮺úֲ㣬󲮷ģһжǽ㣡Ĳ͹֣󲮶㣡ֻˣﶼˣҪչİ
չˡ
ӣı˱Ĵ㣬ԭźһӺüֻ꣬͹𣿼Ȼ˳˵Ҫչˣ͸
ӣҲףһŮûûġ°˳Ӷͽȥһס´
ܵģжٸֺǮ䷿ڣǸ
и壬Ҵ󲮿Ҳ֪ˡӣһСԵøۣҴ˵ˣҵĲ͹ֻҵġҪúչҡ
иӣ̫ΧȴӣˡõĹﰡƽϡ
иȰ˼䣬ӣ⣬Ҳ޿κΡ
˳һĽٺи±֤˵Ҫúչӣ
иһӵĻûڣɴͰӣ˼ʼʰ
˳˿ʼᶫľڣӣԭļʲֱĺһ޳ٷŻӣסӡ
иӣסߵӣҲҫסǼ䡣ٰ˳ӵʰӣʾӣҪš
ã˳һֻסԼҶߵӡôһģӣľˡ
˵иɴôϵĻǮ˳ӣĲǶǶ٣ͳͳҪ
˳ҳеʮ飬ԶԶ
иɴ˸취ǰ˳ðĶۣӣҪҪӣҪǾ͵һ㣬ӣҪģʴ˭ҪǮ
Ѿ޳һˣЩòðµĶǸҫڽȢõģ
˳ҲܣѾųȥˣҲҷҪкãʮֻ
ǣӣ･һ±ӣ´´ɸףĸʱױһ⣬棬ʮֻ
ӣûһǲҪģϾڵĶðأһӵôЩôܲҪ
ûöͷһ֣˳ĶӾͲܿˣ߰ӣļʲûСӶƵģӦǼҵǸˮҲˣԭ𶼲ͨûС
иһǷӣĹ־ʹǼֱӿˣУԼݡͷ˼ҵģչ˹չˣûȥ˼СĳԺȡ
˳˵֣æͷȻѪһ㣬ȴοԼͷӣ䷿˵ˣȵʱӣ޳ȥЩʲǼҵģӣܴܲżʲӼްɣ׸ӣǸܶģҪиƳ˿޻ǿء
˳Ͻ̬ѾģǷּˣ󲮼ֻչ㣬Ҫġ
ӣ˵㵹ҪԸԸء
Ҳ˵ʱΧæ˲٣ӣ֪ˢĺʱ򣬸ɴѷָ˳
λ岮Ӷˣӣдɬﶫ࣬ЩԵľ͵ллҡҪǲ࣬ҼԵģһһ֡
ҲЩŷ£һγԸɾ


9 
ô˿ţ˳Ȼû취ʲôֽţиĻƸ˽һĶ߾ˡ
˳ҪȴӣôණصסЩһߣЩ绹ġ˵Щʳ⣬ӣܳԶʳ
˳ӦӣֱӰѶóˡ
˳ڵѪƫƫҪװȣѾ˵ǣˣҲңӦõġ
Χ˶ӣĹ۸мֱǺõȥˣѾͷ尡
˻ؼȥЩģ׼͹ӣ㶫д˻е㲻Ҵյܲĵǹˡ
ЩµĻֹӣѾͷɵ󷽡
˭ƽ޹ʵ˳Զأܵ㶫಻װ
⣬һһ㣬һֱԵ죡
ͣϧԣһӳϰˡ
˭ҲٿĹأ
ӣ롣
ȣӣʶԼգڽܵڵĴڣ˾ˮˣһ롣õ緹׷ˣֱֲҪ
Լ⣬
УӣҲ֪һҲԼ
Ĳ˵ﻹһ֪ʲôýء
ӣѰ˼ţһһͣֱ뵽ĸýơ
˵˳Ҳһ㲻ãǰļҵȫ©ϵ˿˸ס
˭ܱ֤ͷûһ۵ģ
͵ǣˣѶ˸ɾ
ӣһȻ˵Ҫл
иҲ޿κΣôѾͷе㲻ʹҲǸ˸ѣǵԼϱһߣ˳һֿʼڲƭ
ò˵иһͷ˲٣¶ģǣʱöӣǣؾͲ˵ˣһΣ϶ҪȥǱ߸״ġ
˻⴦ãΪ˶࣬͸ɴƬƬɵʱֱͣͻ
ҵĺӶɱȥ룬滹żƬ⣬ĸһ
ӣһ߳棬һ˼ڵ
Ҫ˵ڵȷѣطȥ
ɽˮǱߣˮˮѡΪɽϳϹֵأԼһƬɽֹЩҲǴӵһЩ߶ӵʵԱԺòףҲ١
ĴɽֱǸأЩʱڣɽĵطǸԵĲˣûֻ˹ɼ̬֮á
ӣԼı£ҽĩûе֮ǰһҽΪĳҽҲѧһҽÿҩٶһ㡣
ĩˣΪ֣Լ˸֣ʲôƲСƣֻҪܴȵĶѧм˲ʵʾ顣
ŵ˵ӦһЩͨûġ
ӣζûôԵһ㣬ǳԵһ;ԽԽ㡣
Ǵģռȸ棬ζһζԵ㡣ٺһǾñ㡣
һٷԵӣüЦҲ˳һҺ޵ԿǷɡ
򷹵ĸŮû˳һӣ˳ֻﲻȥϵĨûȡ֣˳Ĳҿ
ӣǱ߳棬ﻹԼʲôѾʮˣҲѧϸĹֺͲ͵꣬Ҳ˵ڵʲֻмЩҾ߷ӣմļʮǮ
Ǯ㹻֧ŵʱڣʱϾܷʳ
ӣ̾ôǺãò״ĵطôԸӵġµҲó
˵˵ȥҪϱС
֮ǰӣ˿Լ壬ɣȵ˵ԭʣȥһɤ˵Լܵҽûš
ˣӣ͸ԼŪˮϴ裬ϴظɾıѣͱˡ
±ĺʵĺܣһ֪ĺ޻ӣѷŹغã˯ˡ
˯ˣ˳һҹû˯
걻ժĨҪ壬ͷǸѡ
˳סȫǺҪʲôȥ
һ죬ֱĨôãɤӶǸƵģȥǸСˣҲ˺
Ķļҵҫµļҵ
ǸСװģǿװģ޲ȥƤ˺
Ĵˮ´趼Ƶģͷȴ·˶£Ÿ
ίĲУץ˳һߡ
˳Ҳüͷ壬ӣ˼Ķ˵ǱˣҲôš
˵ģӣҵģ㣿
ίˣôҶЩģҫڵģԼҵĶʲô
˳ǿ޵İ˵һ飬𾪾ͱˡ
ӦȥĲµĸʵ£Ҫˡ
ôӣʱҵĶιȥᣬ˭Ҳ֪ҵġ
ǰͷѾ˻˵ʲôûš˻˲ʵӣˮ
סѾص㡣˳²ȥ
֪ġǰҲչΪʲôôȫȻϱԶģ֣ҽ
Ⱥ£Ͳˡ
Ҳд˵ĺô걻ųǰ棬Ϳںͷˡ
ӣһδ˴ˣӣڻ߬ӵأ
˳꣺ֻ׼Ѿã׼ٸǰһ
겻ƾʲôǸѾͷ𣿡
˳Կʹѵ˸ʮˣҪþ͵ý飿ڰˣ䷿㲻ҪˣɱɵúöءֻҪӣ޳ȥˣ㶫ǵģ
겻ģҪӣķӣҪӣǮҲҪӣǰһźһӡ
˳üĿһ䣺˵Щʲôã
ҪѹˣЩǰȷʵпȫǵġأӺͼҾ߻룬ӣź򡭡
˳ôأ
˳ĿҲҭ²ȥ
ͷҲŸѾ˵˵¡趼ûˣִϻ⡣Ҳ⿴ǰġ
˳ӣ޵ĲУѾͷƬǳĸԼҹȥ
ǣֵֹҡ
ֵܲû˵û棬սôûѶʮа˾ŵ¡
ӣڵʱﰵ˵üΡ
ⷿӸҵģӣһŮңмûķݣƾʲôֵµķӻøӣ
ǿשķӰ
˳ԼǳԾռֵܱ˵Сˣӣ¡
涮µģӦ˵װѷӸԼԼֵܿһķϣ΢չһĸŮ
˳ݺ³һ
ͷҲŵ㣬ѾƢü޸˵ģüϵһġ
ȼˣæżҵ£ûԼˡ


10 
᲻ס
ֻ˯һȴּѾ췭ظ
۾ͿǽǶתߵʱỹš
ⲻѾķ䣿Լô˯ˣ
ŪףŽˡ
Ҷ֨֨ѽѽϴϣ˶ꡣ
ѾˣβΣ
Ρ裬զ˯ˣ
ϳ࣬ߺޡ
Ѿ㲻֪졭
´ΪԼǱѾιȥˣѾְѼĶˣӳˣָѾԼҵĶѾˣѾǮ
ᱻκҪϵ
Ĩһᣬſ̶Ѿͷûƨ۵˵
ԿǷɣȻץסֱۣæʵѾǹҴӳģ
һ±ӣ˵ҲǡҲ֪ӳΪɶģӦòѾеġ
ӳʱѾտҲûȥ
϶Ǽﺰģ
һͷˣԻһһģ
裡˵Ѱϵţ㿴Ū£
Ÿӣأ⵵ҪǸӣ˹ϵʲôã
ίⲻǡΪǽ롣
Ѿݺѹȥô˳źԼң
ϧǸѾͷôͲأ
ﻹǮŷӣһͷ仨ǮһѾͷƬӣԺõ
㲻飬ȫԼҪô޸ԾĶɵԼȥˣյҲֻԼܲ£ӣ
ˣ˵ˣ
һɣŪԵġ
úú룬ͷô졣
Ūɰ
ҲԴɣ֮һֱ龫ǣȷʵҲûԶκģŻᱻһСǿˡ
ҲңĶмѾˡ
ֻһֻģֻĸģָѾһһĸ֮ǰܵʮҲ۸ӣԼֻ컹ûµء
һ࣬ϡռӰ
ʣ͸棬еͰˡ
´ӶùǴռ˸õطɽ˵ԴгԲģûжġ
һܲ¼ǮǵĳϢҲԡֵϲˣһҲƤ
ɺ޵ӣΰ΢ֵǮȫˣԼҾֻʣһϲˡ
ţȫսܰס׷ʱҲܽˣ̵Ǯ
һ˺ʳİ࣬Ծͷ
ԾһҲôǮǮĵˡ
ԼҪǹȥ˼ңδرȼ޸˪
Ѱ꣬ҲøȥϹͽԺιι
һӦŤͰι¸һԡ
ιôôһѾˡ
ò˵ϱӵӡʵ̵̫̣ȫֲ
ϱӼӣͷɻӣӣǸСϱôۡ
ۡӣڸʲôأ
ӣŷּҵʮ˿ëʮƱվڹӪſڡ
ɪӣֻƬҶƮ
Ǯִš
ʵԼ̫Ѱ
ӣԼ˳裬
ڹ̨ϵķԱƤӶûһ£¶ҷԱָԱ㺰һ䡰ӭ١ǲܵġ
ӣŵĲӿ졣
̫ˣﶼǸζ
ɹһҲе壬ζǵڶپ壬ųԺüٲ塣
ӣ÷ܲˣͷӡ
ǴĿġ
ӣ£Ĳ˵ҲǼľ±⣬Źǡ㣬ռصľǼڳĲˣҲ׷ͷּӣͷˮȡ
ܵ˵࣬ľȻصĶࡣ
ҲӪˣ˭ǳزģ
ӣԼ±ͷǮƱ
ӣʹԱҪ󣺡±±һûϵ
ԱĿһӣ˭Ӫ겻Ƕ
Ǽƽϵˣթһ£ǵǲûֱ̽ΡԹ̨滹Źƽӣµġ
СѾͷȻ˵һ㣬Ҫ±
Աϡ澢
˪ں棬ɫ꣬һͱԲֵһšɫϷڰһǣ˪ϷɿĶһСԪˮȾͳˡ
Աһ̽ͷ˪ͣ¡
·ԱѾɼң˪ⳤ໹е̲סͷС¹ײ
Ҫһ±⣬⣬ͷ
˪˵ͷתȥʢװͷ
ԱҲϰ˪ĳĬԣԹ˵ҲϡģҼҪģҪͷģͷһؼҪġ
˪ʢֶһ£Ȼ±Ҩһס
ʢ±ӣ˪ֱӸ롣
±źɫ滹Ʈżǻ˽Ǵϡ
Աӹȥ׹һ֣Ϻǣɹġ
˪һƬ
ԱһƬ⻻Ҳ
һƬ⻻˭˵ɵӡ
ɵӡӣڵΣŷԱϽǰһѡ
һ±⣬žֱš
ӣԾһ¿ˮֻͬϸһļ±⡣
ӨʵƤһָĺȣһ˿һƵĽɫ⣬һһţȥʳָ󶯡
ӣİͷ֭±⣬֮ҧһڡ
ζ˲ռий٣
ִ㣬һزζûУ
ӣԵÿҪ޳͵ģ
İͷ⣬ʲô
ԱĿɿڴӣڴڵĳ⣬ſԼͶˡ
˻±쿴ͿˣǵζҲϰˡôôأ
Ա߶Լ̫ʱûԣ
Ҫ°ҲһǮĴȥ
ͷھᣬǱӣѾսɨɾˡ
ӣԷʱ򲻰˵ȫǳʳ֮УԵĲ첻ϻʣžͽ˸ʳ󿪡
ӣ˸ãٲˡ
ԵǾŸӣм䱻˽࣬ԵһҲˬ
Ƕٵ棬ΪԵ˶࣬£Ҳͷ飬æĴҲȣôһҲܽζ
ǽٳ죡
±ѩ׵Ĵͷûһߡһ·쵽
ӣĻ˻ԱҲڹ̨ͷŹӡ
ǰΣϵ˶ϰֻ࣬Ǽ˹±ȥƻʳŵֻӣһ
ԱӣվȻȻ׼߳ӡ
ӣȴûԱһ뿪
ǡ
Աľԭء
ӣӻһУϵʣ±Ͷֶֶﵹ


11 
ӣһߵһ̾ԼĴǡ
ûϵ±±ǲġ
ԼֻҪżһ¹Ӫ꣬ʱ±Ϳˣ
ӣӣǸ
ӣ̰±װУҪô˵飬Ըͳˣҵĳ˵ϱӳԵֶе룬ƽĶۣϵĲҲ´ġ
±ɫһþõ±ûȥǲ䷹ͷеġ
Աӣɨϣ붼ɸɾԵɵʰ̣ϴ˵ķԱ˵ҿǳʶˡ
˭뵽ǳ±İ
˪źߴߴ˳Ŵһ۴⡣
һӰվڷſڣòõķС
ӣߴװ±ķУҲûŻؼҡ
ǰϼؼĵطתˣسǲԶܱ߼綼ôسȥ
Ҳǣһ˳ǣһֻһ೵ʱֻԼ취ȥسǻҪŵģͬҪɣǻðѽŴϷžӲʡ
ôһڣϰ¶سȥˡ
Ϊس򣬵·ͨĵطԺܶسеĶﶼС
磬վѧУůƿ
ӣһתƣһԼĳ·
һ·ߵϵĸſڣӣͣ˽Ų
ԭǰҵģ˱ҵ֤֮ͻûôӣԭļ䣬ڼжԸҲûʲôøС
ԭڼﱻ۸Ķ࣬ҲԸ˵ټģһͬѧҲЩԱȥԭĸҲûʲôĵط
ţӣҪ뿪ĵڣȻѧУһžǺƺƵһȺѧ˳
򵹳Ͼţ
ţ񣡡
Ь

һȺѧſںžܣмͷֱϻ乿
ӣüͷһ壬طƫƧҪĳʡҪһ𳵣׶ʮǧԶΪСطԼҶ֪ͷң඼ΪҵسǾ͵á
ԭѧʱûЩ£Ŷ̶£˳Ѿϯˡ
ӣصĴѧУ뿪صӵʱѾǰ
ŭһ͵ӣιȵ绹ûˣȲסŪ˵Ӳݺһι¡
ѾĶȥˣ
һھʡ
ӣѷзȥûᡣ
ˣΪ˵ҪԼȥӣûԵģ˭
ֻԼӣʱǹҧˡ޴¿ڡôô棬Ľ
ֺҲ˵ģ۸ҲӲ硣
ǿиƽԼŭﲻԹֵͷϡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôӣϱӲһ֮ܶ϶Ĵ
پЩ֣ӣȻΪԼìܣܰӣ˪
糿ԽԽӣϴʱܿİ̡۳ž붬ʱҲũмڣϰҲо۶һɹ̫ȡůˡ
ͷԴַ֮˳·ˣҲռӣ˵¡˳Բ˵ͷǰֵһôϵ˶ǲռӣߵıˣӣˮʡȥӣԼڵʱ䡣
굹岻ʱ۾ӣӣҲܻ䣬Ҫ۾ӣһӣҵĲˮ׾Ͷܻ
ӣ˯ǳԣרĵ壬ôһҵ
һ磬˳ӣ
ѾˣԣգԲԲģô˵Ҳһˡ
˳ͰĸǸˣһʶһҽȥһֻϺúóһ١
ӣĿվŵᣬͷָҲ֪ʲô
Ȼð
ӹӪ±Ȼ⼸ӣǿÿ±˹ģų˼ҲЩˡŵļԣɵӲžܾأ
˳ڳһȰɣһͽȥ
Ҳҵĺôˣ˵һʦŮ涼㡣ӣʡ󵱴ѧСӣҲ˪ǸӡĪ˵ڴϣڹﶼõġ
Ǽ֮ǰҪԵõʱ򣬾ȥﻻ
˵ǻʵÿζմⲻ٣￴Ҿδ׼ңȻܰͰ
˳ôһӣû˵ʲôˡ
ҲŲȥ
ڰͲ˪ԶأôԸҳϹϵأ
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᲻ɷ˵Ͱӣơ
˳üëһҪ𣺡ѾͷƬӣȥȥȥԵ㣬˼Ҵ֣Ǵˣ£
ͽ᲻ˣҲҸ˳ŸɣֻܱŤŤӦ
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˳ϹȥˣҲ֪ȥĶˣᱻȥֻ飬Ҳˡ
һŽűߵı¨ķƣԼ֮ôô˳
Ѿһȥ
ӣ˸ȥ
㣡
ӣԡ룬Լճ̵ģ׼ɽ
ŭıű¨ˡ
ӣҲò˼飬⼸ദǸˣÿҪظҪ󡪡ֻܾأÿ쾭ڲԶ͵͵ԼҪôĿʱĲ֪ʲôҪôǻϲĿҪ
ӣЩ񾭣ҲоýĲ
ʲôƵģÿζڰıʲô
ӣԼҲһ¨¹ʲộԼҲδػᰴԭ˼С
ӣ˳ԭļС·ɽѾˣʱڵɽҲûʲôҰӿԲժģӣڲ۵ĵطҵһҰȻͱ˷ˣӻ϶ժֻ꣬Ǽ׺ϣӣһ¾룬ķļժŽԼ
ҲһźȵȪˮԭ徭ĵϢѾо𽥻ָˡ
ӣ˦˦첲Ҳ⡣ĩʱǸʻָ۷壬ӦһЩȭųͻġǡԼһϡ
ժҰӣɽҵһľ泤һЩľӣ¡
ӣԽԽиص㣬ǷرǿԶɽǸߡ
һӣOO@@һЩҲá
ӣԶһ˾ʮּ
һֻ˶ɽڲԶһһʵĶţרĵĿʳŽűߵĲҶ


12 
ӵһ˲䣬ӣӾ⡣
ŵĿֻӣһܣһֵĹӣϸһġֻҰӿȥԲԲʮķ˶ӣһ㶼Ҵ⡣
ΪӶùϵҲɽֻܰԼιô˶֪϶ܵĲ
ӹȻӣֻ΢Ķһ²ݴԣӾѾɿıԶӶ
˵ʱʱ죬ӣİԼֱ֦Ӳȥͬһʱ䣬֧֦ܵ˫ؼлһֱ֧֦ӲӵĲӣһ֧ǲȡ
ӣ̾ӵ֧ǲ֧׼ͷЩƫǶ油һ£Ӿˡ
ֻӸǶġ
ӣĿһ۶ӣƤ˻ֻȡҲɴѺľԷ
һ࣬ӣˡ
ôˣ
̶̼죬Ȼ˵μˡ
ֻ˪ӣĴ࣬˶ű¨ͬǣ˪ı¨ԶԶžͱӣı¨
ӣҲھֱ⣺ʲôҸ㻻ֻȳɲ
Ȼö˸ýɲˣϵûġ
ӣѱ¨˪ľ㻻ô
˪Ͽʲô飬ӣ̾˳ĺǺãʵ̫䣬ֲһٸԸء
ɰɣ㲻Ըˡ
һߣ˵׼һֻأ
ͲҪȥˣʱǡ
˵ţӣֻԼı¨һ׹ʲô롣
ٻͷֻ˪ıӰˡ
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ˣ
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ֻӽˣӣҶ˼͵࣬ɽ޶˼ֳĲҩӣɽ
ֻӣɽĵطԣɽתһȦɽʱѾԼɽˡ
ǣӣű¨˴ӵһߣҪ߹Ӳܻؼҡ
ӣʧˣ
ӣæ¨޵֪ʶҲ֪ɽڼģɽŪҰûʲôҰ֣ϸӦӹвƲ
ӣãһҩȥƽƽӲݡ
ΪǰǼ£Ӷӣӡ󲻴ӣ߹ʱ򣬲˻ӣ˵
ӣĨһѺҺԭǸôŵģҿҲֻǿһҿ
Ѿĸҽɶϲ£ҳŸղŶѾȥ˰ֻ
ϵϢĿ죬Ҳûʲôܣ˵˭ҳ˭ҳ£ǼҵӣҶ֪ࡣ
⻰ǹڴһ겻ԸԸԭ򻹺ܾԶ
˶ǴӱĴӼ޹ģʱھأ
ֻסýϵȴûá
𻨼ҿˣȴָʹϱŮµظɻҿ𻨼ûӡ
ͷԽԽֵøⲻ
Ծ𻨺ڶ˶Ů߻ǻ࿴˳ۡ
һһߴ򣺡ҸղŻŸŮȥˣ׼ýˣ
𻨵ûĵط룬һӦᵽҲ֪ʹң׼˵˪
뵽ﻹеġ
ǲĻҪˣ
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ۿɼĸ࣬ƣǸղȥ˭Ҳ۴ӵġ
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ӣߵſڣսӰѱ¨£Ϳһüұ촽̫̫޼ɵվſڴԼ
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˵žͰǸ̫̫Լﳶ
ǵüҵ̫̫ⲻԸûߵݾ˦꣬ţҿôˣ㲻˵õġ
ĵӲקԼŹʵ˻ģ͵˳Ŵ⿴ӣʲô
̫̫һ˴˾ҪɼңǼСĲˣһŮ´࣬ܲԸ⣿ѽղק̫죬ҶûѾͷǲࡣɣҵٳȥ
æһ׵࣬Ҹ
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ҪǸбҵһԸ࿴أ˵ҲǸͷǸĸ޵ģ˭֪ǲǳˡҸ˵ɵøҸ֣ȥ㣬ȢһɥǻҶǰ̡
꣬˵ⶼ˵ҼֶŮࡣҸ󲮶ŸҸ˼ңⲻȥԼŷŸ˵ϻ
ĴȻóģŤŤİ˳̸Ļ˵̫̫꣬¶ɫͰ١
Ҫ˵ҲûҪҲʲô󸻴ļͥʲôĶС
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13 
ӣ벻ԼϱӵⱲӾȻҪ͸ԼϹ
һȦӣֻźıʾԭļѹûʲôԿɹѡ
ϵмǵʣģǶеëҪôǼʵġ
ģӣôҲѡ׸Ҫġ
˵ӣҲƶԷĳɫܴܲһеľͽɡ
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Ԫ׸ĶŮرϢ
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ᰧ󣺡֣Ҽ޸ԾɣҶģ͵裬ԾӿʡˣҾǵҲеġ
⻰һ˳û˵ʲôըˡ
ָŹŮıӾͿʼԿǷ軹۾ˣôõ޹ȥǸˣǸź˼ҵСѾߣ˼жŮһʲôǣ޵ȥˣͼ޸ͷôˣô˵ţ
ȻŮ۰һ뵽ŮԸʶȥ裬ŭͷǺôõ
ʱ򲻹ۣܿһȺ˶㣬϶ָﲻǺö
ӣˣˣ֧;ˣҲԼͷϡ
ҪǼˣһӵ
ǶҫʲôӰ죬붼롣
һĨһԼ¶ĵӣҾҪ޸ԾҲҪ޸˪
˳ͷһӴܵϣѾͷƽóˣ޸˪ҲΪ˵㹱ףԸͺ塣˭֪Ȼ˹֪߳ӡ
˳վ͸˦һƣΣ
Ҳ᣺Ѿͷô˵˪ð㵽ʲô
ᱻɲ֪ʲô˪ַ˭޸ǵù

Ÿͷִӣ֪Ϊʲôô֡
ôӲҪ϶ԾдϢֶ˪ӣ˳һΪ𰸾Ѿȷˡ
λý㣬ġ
ӣҡͷȻ֪λýϱӹǶ಻⣬صȥ֮ĵһ¾ǻˣ֪Ҳǲ
һ˳ԾܸԼ
ӣˣžϱԭ޸λ˵дϢԾ˺裬λýӦǼ޸˪ȻǰԼĲ˳ȫѡˡһΣ˼׼Ǳˡ
ӣ֪˵ʲôڿôܾһһԼϾͲòˡ
˼ӣ϶뾡취˻ġ
ǴһҵĶԿˣԼֻõſϷͳɡ
Ȼڶһ磬۵׷𴲣Ǳ˳˼
ﵹûڣҲ֪ʲô
ô죬ʱ֣ͻȻ˳嵽˳˳ȥҳˣ˵ǼҴǷңѾ·ˣ


14 
˳ûվȣƫƧҲ֪ͷֵ˵ЩѧУѧֱӰʦ
˵ʡǴѧ飬ǰֵʱҲͣιһʱ䣬ǿָϿˡ
۳Ҫҵõҵֹ֤ܷˡ
ôͻȻϳɷˣ
˳ת˺üȦ¶һ߳šżϻŮͨ籨ŵꡣ
ɶأ
꼱ͷҵø˵ȥ
˳ֱȥʲôã
һǸûģҲŵĲˣô˵Ҳ׼ңùȥ
˳ͷԼϻֱӰ֣㲻ȥˣŮ˵˵⼸˵˳šȥ͵á
˳аѳӣԭǺ£ڿδˡ
ɷҲÿ£õĵһӡԭƶũ죬ҪΪҴӣٸũ߸ũ
˳ЩգõôһȻЩˡ
ʱдϵ˶ЦһԷմԼңǲҪӰҫڽǣ
˳̾˺һ˳ŷӱȥҡ
ԶܿΧһȺˣûҶ˳ʱ
ûѶ˵̫أ˵ֻ龪һء
Χ۵ƺڵˣһ˳ü۵Ļ˶̾˰ǰơ
˳ﰵЩ˿ֲ´󣬻мĹ
˳һ˼ûУ۾ҵĴš
ʱҲãûһͿͷһȺɽװˣͷĻǰһֱʣͷҲȥƱˡ
˭
۹㲻֪־
ԹԣǷʲô£ôǶˣ
˭֪أҴСҲ֪ǷɶëúõĴѧžͽ·ˡ

־߳Ҵţһ£˸ѹƣʾҰ
λףҴ͵͵˽鼮ٱ֤ͬ־ھϵ⣬ʡǴѧѧͬ־ԸȥԮߡ
Ȼͬ־˴ǿǵ˻иĹµĻᣬ˴ϢҶҲҪʱ
ͬһ壬ԺҲҪҪ©κһӵͬ־
־ⷬ˵ֳ꣬˱Źơ
У˵ʣɶ˼ҵû£
㱿ţû˵£Ҳû˵ĳɷ֣Ǿû¡
ǿɲһǶˣ˵ҶСӵĹҲûơ
ȷʵ㲻ƣҲϲȥˡ
־һȺˣƺƵֺƺƵˡ
ôҲˣ
զأȥʶ
ҿҹҪβˡ
˳أղŲ𣿡
أô˵ҲǶСδŵϱ

˳ͷؼң·ϸкأֻͷˡ
ҵȻǱأҲ֪Լˣɴ˸Զĵط˵ȥԮߣŤת
ɷôҲĨȥȫһҪʱӦǸϽϹϵ
빫쵼ҲĿģڲһңǹˣҪǶ£Ӧý¹쵼İʾ֮󣬲ô˵ҲǰѾˡ
ϧ
־ʱ˵һͨȻҶСӲͬ⻮ϡ
ͼˣȻɷûģֳɵţϵǿ϶ҪԶ
˳ݺһŵϵʯͷӣű϶ˣ
ҲܸҳϹϵˣ
˳ߵſڣͻȻһƵݺŴӿ
ڣ˳ʲôŭɶͬһɻؼС
һ߿᷿ţ˳ѹɤŭ𣺡ǲ㣿ǲ㣿
ڴϣϰûк£ǻżڽЦݣô˵ˣҲҪ޸˪Ҫ޸Ծ
˳ڱϵƿԼתҹӣҴ㣡㵽Ƿʲôëúõ·Ҫˣ
껹ͷһμ˳ôŵòǹŲӣûоٱѵûв𣿡
˳͵ȥܵȥٱ
᣺ûֱҵϵĸίᣬǵǿ죬Ͳˡ
˳ָıӣôôܵʲôã޹ȥֻкãףҿ˵ʲô˼ң
Ϊм˭ҶޣҾֻҪԼҡ
˸պãҲû˵ʲôˡ
Ҳҿ˼ڤ룬뵽ϱ˪Ĵһ¼һ·ţĽǻѾˣٰͲܻ˭֪ûסֱӽ¡
룬ҪθԼҲַܾҪ޵ҵ˼
ֻû뵽ίĶô죬ʱͲСǸϱӲһε鲢أҲԮߣӰ쵹Ǻܴ
лЩźôû˪Ҳţأ
Űӣ˪նѣȣѾûʱȥˣֻ˵һǧ˰ٵķʽĿꡣ
ţԵӣʵǽ˳һƽƬ̣˳˵ΰɣ˪ͷ㲻ޣҾͽҸԶһĹ硣޵ԶϹҲû˵ʲôˡ
ţѾΪʲô˳ǲͬ޵Լң
˳˵øⲻұܹõģͷң
ҵŮõģҪ٣˳ãھͲһٶࡣܸһٶָֻԶ˵ײõ
˳ԼŮͬɵӣúõ·ҪûϣԺҪڡ
˳קţķֱӹ
˵֮ǰ׼
˳Ťͻݣ÷ôĸҰڹȥء
ҵԺ߷Ӻһשڴ˵Ϻû
ҪѧǮ⼸˪ĹȻǣǴ඼˴硣
ֵܸã˴֮Ҳƽϡ
˪ӣżҲӽ˭ҵĺϲ£岻ʱɽҵ㶫̫ˮƽϹˮƽˡ
ֻҲû̫Ĵɤţֻһ󰧿ޡ
˵ô˵ССģô˾ٱˣ
Ҳǣ绮ϣǲѾ۽ȥˣҪҲи£ô
Ѿͷ㲻ϣ˼˵ö޹ˡ

̫ˬôЩһֱͷһο޳
˪ľľӣòɳɤӣȹʱ䣬Ҿ͸Ҹĵɻ
̫ŴȣǸ¿ҲǸ¿󵽰ԼȥǲҲ
̫Ĩ᣺ҺģۼľҪãǷݹָס˵Ԯȥˣô·ţӿ㣬Ҳܹ갲ģȵ˵ϵ¡
˪һٲ˵
Ȼֻűߴߵŵ̫æкţȥ׼ˡۼҳ£˼һԸţüס
˪ߵűߣѴһ϶ȴûмˡ
ĿƵ£ȴű߷þɱֽĶ
˪ֽýš
̫ƣô׼ң
˪ֽõһֻ֦ҰúͺľԼһȥҩһĶĬ
ûϵǲҲԡ
ӣôҲûϵԼɽȥ˰죬ɽʱҳ¡
˪׸类ɷңϵ˶Ψֱ֮ȴ߶ҵĴСΡ
ӣ˪˵Ҳûʲô飬뵽ϴζԷԼһֻӣӣʱԼҪûʾҲ̫塣
ͰԼ´򵽵һֻӸ˪һһҲ˪ԼֻһϣһľְԼɵļƽﲹҩֳ㣬źֽ̿дôá
Ѷſڣһֱ˪Ѷؼңӣ뿪
һ·ϣӣҲɵø̾޳ǰ컹ԼýŲ˪ŤҾˣԼǸĴҲý޵ˡ
ȵȣ
ǰҲֻ찡
ӣиһ˼Ĳ룬òԼǸִԴýʲôɣ
ҪȻôɾͳ£
ԲۣҪģýΪ˼һǱɿǹȱµġ
ӣϻؼңսž᷿ﴫһӣһһѾŻýɵġ
ȱðˣΪ˻˼ֱɥĲ
˳صס
ӣôʵǵ͹ԼŮ
Ϊ˼һȥٱϧ˱ҡ
λýľʵǼʯ
ӣãλԸ
Ȼ첻Ͼͳ˸ϡ¡
ҵʧˡ


15 
ǰҹܵ, Ҳ֪ôĴȵֵʱѾǵڶĴˡ
⼸ûٰ˳ʰ, ˳ǶӣֶŮ, ˶ŮӡٱС£ؼȻҲ顣
ϵ˵ȻҾԶ֮ͬģ¶ɵģҲʲô
, ͬһӵ˸ٱġ
ׯڵæ, Ȼƶнġ
˳һߵֽŲ֪ɾɾ, Ժ˷¡һ߻ô˪ҶϿϵ
ò˵ϣ˳᲻ǸŮ˵˼·Ȼߵһȥ
˳, Լ, ˶ԼǷҵģҸ˪Ĵ, ҪЮ˪ȡ¡û˪İѱһ, Ҿ, ճ˪ҵĺô
˳ĺúõģ׼⼸ȥһ, һǸҫ͵㶫, ҫ, ͵㶫ҫѧУžˡһ, ҲȥӪ꿴, ܲʲôͻƿڡ
ͷϸû뵽Ȼˣ
Ȼˣ
˳ҧأ޲ܰùŮص
취ԺҪ˼ͺŪȥˡũ嶼Ҷе㹷ƨ£Щʱû
ڣѾͷȻһˣ
ˣⲻʵԸ˪ˣ
곶ɤӿ޺ҵᰡĶȥ˰
Ƕмִĸĳһ˵ˣһӦǵŮʲô¡
˳ӱһԸ͹Լѡģ
껹ڿޣһҲܲҰһʲôأ
˳治ңҵѾͷֱĸ˵ԼҪȥԼҡ
˳ǲˣԼôã
˵ǣԼǸ̫̫Ǹģﻹĸӣ滹һﱲʮˣס䷿Ͱ͵Ĳ˵ϱ沼ҲǸִϷϡ
ǼҵԾ˵ڲ˸Сųôô˳ɲɵģڶˣų滹滹ӪӪ滹ų
ԼСֲǳлڣҲûʲôӲʵĹϵѧҲֱСѧһ꼶
ˣʲôǰδ
ɥһƿ˵һˣһ㡣
˳ǴκνǶȶᣬȻԹŮԶӣҲְѹŮȥͲܲ˵ġ
ҫ϶Ҳٲ˸Ҫģ˳һҲ˼ңŮʹڰѹŮ޸˼ңҪĸһ㣬ԺҲҪճ߶
ѡ˪һģԸһҲԸޣƫִᶨʵ˳ͷԡ
ˣ˳ȻصҪɴˡ
ô۵ĶڼѵǶҫڵ
޵òѣ˳Ҳͷ
ڣ˳ǵͷң
ôУϢÿ죬ңͷ˼Ҹ˵취ѹŮߣΪ˶㿪ء
ӳи˽üͷ˳Ѿɶʱߵģ֮ǰ˵û˵ԼҪȥĶ
߾ǰҹĻҪӣ϶ᱻ˿˵ҪȥĶֻ˵֪
ŷҪ޵ԼȥϢᶼᡣ
ʱô˵أ
ûκΣиֻܽˣ˿˽ţǽسȥ˾ͶǰæڴӺ͹ҡ
ȻԱǶ͵Ϊʾ⣬һӵסţҲĵṩ
ɽҲҰ
ڰɣѾͷܲôûҹϺɽʱɽҰء
ɲǣһ䣬Ͼ붬ˡɽÿ궼ǳԲɽ£ʱɽ죬ˡ
ҪüСӽɰľȥɡ
иҲ³ʲô⣬ȡ˼ԭȵģһȥǧҪԶ
ߴӣһֱҵϡ
ȥسǵĻˣ˵ûˡɽҲˣ˵ûʲô쳣
Χֻ˵һ˿峿ʱһȥˣݣҲû̫塣
˴죬иҲһֱʱͷ
˵ǾǺϢˡ
иӻɢˣ˳˳˵ʵΪɶܣ
˳Ȼ֪ģȻ˳дŭ
˰죬տʼǵİΣǾöˡһܣ˽첻ʣ컹ܲʣ
ʱզ˵
˳ʹһΪѵľ˵Ե̡˵˰ɣΪʵ뾭ѵ
Ϊ˵裬͵͵ˡ
˵ȥ˭ţ
˳˼תĿ죬ûһҵ˵ǣݺĨһɬ˵ⲻҳ£ͲԸٸ˪ˡǵĸȻͬôɣⲻǽбΪʲôƶ˼𣿡
Űһأס˭֪ѾͷҲ֪ʲôţǼˣ˵ޡ
ӳ֪ҵģҾǰѾе㲻Ҳûע⵽ұҲŮģ˵˵£˪СҾòе⣬Ҳ֧ȥ˪ѹصġ
ӣţֱԼλ󲮵ǻۡ
Ҳݡ
ԣ۳Ų̫ã̾;ŮԼ档
ӣˣҲҪƶ侮ʯıǩ
и֮ǰͲµйأ˳׿ڳϣҲ˳ô޹
Ӻùʱ͸Ӭһ˼ҡ
˪סڷȥ̫ҳǮ࣬ˮ׼ߣûٴ̫úô
˼Ҳ̫ãҵŶûϹ˳Ҳһ
Ժʲôණ·Ҫߡ
ˣûȫƾ˳һ졣ǰԼѵĸɾ
иһ¹ôţø˼˪һ˽سңһãҲҲ˵
˳ȥȻС˼ƶ࣬ǲԸմЩҪǸ¡
ҲѾˣԼţٽбΪԼȥ̸µĿô죿
ҪиѾˡ
˳ֻҧԲߡ
ľ죬ỹûһҲ˷Է˵˽ģ˵벻ɽϵģ˵϶ǽ˳ӲˣΪ˺ø
˪ڼɹɣ࣬Ҳ̫ܰһ˶Ǿÿܡڷæͻؼҡ
Ҳ֪ϵ˿ԼұŤҲȥǳɽȥҰʲôĻ
ϾǶ죬ȵѩһɽȥˡ
׶ʱ򣬲ʱڵ㶫ֻܺϡĴࡣ
̫ﰥϰϣҲװģԽԽûͷ
ӱǰԶ󣬽ڳɷһӾͱˣôԶĵطСӵĹ˵ҲҪס˵ĻΧ˵̬ȡ
ʱҴŹһأǰݸˡ
Сӵδһңԭһ߰ˣأ⼸죬˵ǽԺˣǸԺǽû߹
̫˵ʲôܣҲʧܣиʲôҲĵĺܡٵͷˣΪ±ճһ㣬ϵ˶ܳ
˪ȫĺùǿžһ֪඼ģԼǸƺ«ҸõĴһ
ϸͷе飬ǾͶϱ
ǰ̺ãϱҲǴӳң̫ס£ȻҸԼСϱ
󣬾Ȼѡһ
ֱǰ˵أôҲǸ̬ȡŶϣʵе㺮ġ
̫˼ȥԺ˪еԼͷ
۶˵ġۼǲùҲ֪ɶʱܹȥҿǲմˡţΪµ㡣
̫ԭȵϱѡ޳˺ü飬ȷ˼ˣ׼һһ˵ۼѡһҸҸƶũɣָģǶ͵񣬰Ȣ
̫ҲЩ̣ۿϼҵġʵڴҶ࣬Ҫ˵һʱ˵ƶũŮüޣܼ޵ҲǲѹŮ˵ġСôһϱ͵ø˼ﳤþõĴ򽻵
һϸӲķҪҵģӸǼɹ
ڶ֣ǡ˼ң׸
̫ǸӹŰˣ෴ܰӣһͽѧһȥӣǺǻ۵ġ
ȻҲøõͷʱ͵õͷĵ
֪϶ί㣬ﲻ̫ࡣ
ȥǰ˵ڹˣӲһҼˡ
̫֪᲻ֵԼң뵽칫־̬ȣʵ¡
˼žͲΪ
ÿӶôһҡӡҪôǵɷֵģҪôճļҪˣȴûʱЩ˾͵öȥ
ǴӵĶӳи˵ǸˣһµͷһӳҲ¡
̫ԼĶӣ̲סԹֱ̫һ̫̫ҲܶΪСҪΪϿͷˡϾͻϣǼӸãĶܲµܵأ
Թֹ󣬻취ܲ涥˵ķҼñӹӡ
˪Ĭ̫ҲıŶھó³и׼ң׸ң˵ȥǶ°
Լһ̫̫ֻ¸Ǿá
˪ĬĬƮԺɹķϣ˼
Ѱ£죬˵죬Ҷƣˡ
ֲµСӣǸʮĴѾͷˡҪǴܣ˭һӾҵ
иҲû취ᶪ˵ĵһ͸ͷ˵ˣѲߵʱע£˾ʹ
ģиҲﲻʲôˡ
˳ͷѾ̬˳ЩңѾͷˣڼﶪ˸á
ϧľԭĲǮҲµĻܵľˡ
˳ҲĲС޴Ůһٿ񣬼֮ǰĻٶ࣬ٶǮӣСӵĸطҲΪʲôϴиûѳԭ
ǮŲ٣»ڳﶼǺܴһʡҪȴԵòˡ
˳˼ȥµĽϻӣϡ
ԼǸӹݣһӾͰѲ񿳵ʮ˳Ҳɵۣţӣ鵱죬һ֣ǵõԼٸʮ鲻ɣ
˵ٳ֮ǰҪ񲻵ص˳Ҳ˲ˡ
ӣĲʮ飬ټϼǵҵƴƴմգǿܹ
˳קʵԼأ˵Ҫźۼ࿴⼸զ
ݣ͵һ£Ĵν޴ЩһյڣóĬĶ֪Ҫȥʣ
˳ȥʱôС
ʱСӣһ裬¾˵ˡӣǲԸ⣬Ҳõ
˰٣͵ȥԼһˡ
˵طȴԼҵĴŽţͷһѴ
ּæϻؼң˳㱨Լ˵Сӻ·˵ˣسסأ̫̫Ƕӣʹżȥˡ
˳ֱʲôƿأ˻㱵û˵ʲôʱ
꣺û˵ֻ˵ȥģҲȥӶӻ
˳ʱĲ٣ҲУʱֱӰзһˡ
˳ȥϹˣȥһˡ
ӣ䶨Ҳ㰲ġ
˳û뵽ǣڶһ磬һӰͳԼſڡ
ˣ
ӵ˶
ᣬ⼸Ķȥˣ㶼ҷˣ
˭ҵİ
զ·
һϣȴȣ̹
ҪˣǿŵġҰ˵ĺӣһԶһ
ʲôˣ
˭鰡㲻ǸСӡ
⺢Ҳҵģ˵裿
֪𣿡
ͬ˼һΧˣЩ˲ٶƲ죬мϾֱӴˣҲѾԼԸ㶼Щ˵뷨
Ҳǰ죬˼ڤ룬йԾһ£ϱԾʱڲ˵سеС⣬˵СˣҽԺסء
ʱΪδ޵ӣ̫ȥӹˣ֮˾ͽܹĵĽ顣
˼ȥһѡɴ෭ȥسǣسǵҽԺֻûѹҵԾ
ѳԼ̫Ծ࿴ĶϱߴҽԺźԾ졣
ֱ̫˲Ų𴩣ҲûʲôҽԺǼ죬ܲԾԼ⡣
Ȼһ˵ԾȰ̫Լ̫ٱŤӷˣҲֻ
üĿ価Ƿ⣬Χ֮Աǡ
ЦĻԾΪ׸ʱǾӶĽĵɳҲûã
̴ţӣСкжģдŲͷССˣֱۣٵԶСǸ꣬Ůһ˫ˮĴ۾Ȼɰıһޡ
ῴӾͰǴԼϵһ㣬һһġ֪Ϊ衣
ŵ꣬һ۳첻Ůϲл
ˣ
˳ͷһװһӡ
ѾͷĶȥˣ֪֪Ҹжൣ
˳ڿſڵСʱȻֹһµĲ롣˶Щ
ƫƫỹڻϽͣ۽ƳӣҲ߳æɤŽܵԶҵĺӡ
ӣޱ飬˳ȴԼδ˶Ů죬ק˵Լġ֪֪Լ˵ʲô
ϧʲô벻ӶϱԼص졣
ӣֱ˺ͼӼ䣬ŮҲǣһĿˣžͽĽ
ڣδѾԼץˣ
ǵ⣬ٹʮ꣬ԼС׸ֱۣТ˳Ǯ
ʱһҪСӣǰӣҲһԼĸܡ
ŲԶ־ᣬӣͺܲ⡣
ô
λĲ˷
˳һѰקţѸٰѴϡ
ᣬǲǷˣ
˳֪⼸ȥĶˣֻܵسȥԾˡȻ֪ΪʲôԾסҽԺȻѾԾˡ
˳Ҫ裺ô޶ͷǵҸкӵ𣿡
ֱ׳ԣǲԸңҾԼȡ
ϱӾǲȡű޸˪ӹ
ⱲȡѵһҪԼ
Ծˡ
֣鵽Ҳûˡôӳҿţ͸Ծȥ֤
˳۾
ǽ飬ԼָСӹô£ûһҵ𰡣ԼƿҪšŲҰȥίᣬ˵Ь
Լ̿湻ģ˲¶棬̫ҲˡǽҪźͻڱԼʲôȢϱȥ
ֱΣ
ȥ˵ûʮǮźͻڱҶ
̫ţȢһǮĶϱôӣͷҪʮ黮㡣
ӻȥϱҲչ˼͸׼һɻһ
Цһɣ㲻ͬҲ
ҲǸ˳ģֻΪ˾ӣĿĴﵽҲװӡ
ҸԾǾ飬ܱġֻҪͬ⣬Ծͬ⣬˭˵Ҳʹ
˳ƽһˣѾͷͶˮ뷨
ô͸ң
úúãҹ׼ٻ
˳ҲȫʧȥˣôѾͷҲҪˣ
˳ѴŴ򿪣ֱӾҪߣᵹǲתȥʰԼĶ
ʹСͷҲصˡ
˳һûЩԼ
ӣڱϿһϷ̲סơ
ǶжĥһͨڣǰΣûˡ
˳ӵӾ֪һʱҲֲʲô۶ˡ
ݵĻ֮뿪޷˵Ļ˺ҵĻ£ֽҸͷǰĹ򣬽綼ҵ¼
˳ˣϹʱ򻹼õˣƽڼﶼûʲô
˵ҲԵģԼ˽ŰѻŲ칫ϡԼСӴ뿪Լҵˡ
˻ûԼѾͷɻˣǸĸĺСǸ˻Ų֡
ѾͷòǱ½ͷ˰ɣŵô
ܰ׼ǲңҸˡ
ҾͲ£۴ҲСӣզͷǵ˵ڹȥҿЩԶˡضһСʱ

ô˵ỹǼˡһؼë·Ǹ֮¡
Լ˿ڲ٣ķ˿ڼһ޵Ծеﻹ沣ÿ沶𲽣һҲּң춼һڹԷ
ڿͷϣǸоܴĲӦ
Ϊ˶࣬Լҵˮ׼áǸǼҵÿǳɤӵĴѾǽпˡ
ϱӿǮû죬˪ڳϴӲ˿ˡ
֮󣬼Ȼѣ֪Ǹ۵ģļҵ׸ǵ㣬ԷҲǴɵǲġ
͵棬͵ۡȻҲѳԣڸҪࡣ
ڣСӶǳԵͷ沶ǸģŵǹɣͰġ
С޸̳ԵĲ࣬Сࡣ
ֵ̫࣬ĸǽ˲֪˵ʲôã˵ﶼǳģ沼ˮһ
壬ֱһ׿ˮ
̫űԹһȺĸȳ棬֪ԳԳԣۼжʳýǰܻˣ
˵̫꣬ͻԼĿ̸ɵģһ߳һ߶ΧǶϰˣ
̫ĭɽֻǸ߿
ҵģսţҲϡ˵㣬ԼҪҪǶöŵ㣬ιιɨԺˮĻƣǼҲôŪҪǽҿԺ˰ģιǼһҹȥ
ǿӦһаοԼ
סٳżֻ꣬ҪȵӴˣȵԾתҵؼңԺӣ̫
ʱǳ̸ɷҪԾԼ鱦Σһ컻һף
ʼԼĻ
һߵӣҲһճ̡
ǵĴ󲮸ӳĲӣ׼Ϊǿ
ǻڴӵ֪ͷ˵֪㣬ʵҲǴûŮ屣ȥˣķչˡ
߰˼ưܵ߷ͷֻס˾Ÿ֪ࡣ
ǰЩ֪඼Ըģ֪࣬Щ֪ʱ򻳱Ÿıũ룬˶þɵۡũ̫̫ѣֵؿ죬˭֪ɶʱһ⣬ʳ͵ǣ˵ġ
м֪Ҫسǣ꣬ⲻǸɴֱӶˣҪ塣
ӻسǾͳңңڵĿ£һ֪пסģѾһŮ֪޸ϵԱˡ
ӣ֪ĴţǣԼҪһùȥġҪһġ
ǸԼŹɡ
ӣ֪ſ죬ѡ
֪һ֪࣬ƽز˵ǿġ
ӣ˳ճͶƺҲܰˣȥƷء
ǲ֪˶ũɼʲô
ӣ߱룬ؼ֮󻹸ԼϹسһ뼦
ǰЩ±ˮѾùˣӣǰͷǵ±ˮӣζҲһ
ʲôʱȥӪһˣ±ˮ߸ɴ࿴ܸܲԱֱ±ˮŪõֵϡ
ͻȻӣͷһ֡
ޣ˵õİѹŮ޵ҼңЩҼҶٶǰǰƤҾͲ˵ˣŮӲĳҪ˼ҲɣǵͲǼ֪һ𣿺úúãǣǾͰ֮ǰӼߵĶһȻһϱ
ô˵ֻǼǸѾͷҲң˵ˣ֮ǰ׼ңġ
ȥĻģ˭ǼһģǼĸҲһǼˣõʱǰʲôˣ
ô˵
˵ƴȥҲûϻѳӺӵĶ

ӣ̽ͷһֻҵĴɹΧһȺˡ
һͷ׵̫̫꣬죬Ա߻վ˳˪˪ﻹһ̫̫
˳ĴӶӣͷƸߣֱµ̯ĥ
˳ɫһࣺҸᶼϾϵˡ
ͷ׵̫̫ɲЩ޺ٴ죺֮ǰûؼҵĶûԣ˪С͵ûգѾͷϾϵǰ㲻Ƕҳǲǲ
˳ҭסԴһǰͷ˵ã̫ȷʵ˲ٶ˪ڣʡǵĴӣ֮ǰǸʳ͹ͷǡ
¶ѼĶǹͷҲûжġҲʡǵĺôѧʦɻѧУֵһޡ
ЩģʳܺŪ˵Ǯʵ˳֪ÿҸһëëģԲЩ׻ܻŪǹͷǣͷһҲúü飬һҲĺܡ
˳Ǯ겻֪ļҵףǸ롣
ҪѴӵ˶ˣҲһᣬһɾ
˵ЩʲôãҼҵù˸ѾͷҪޱңǵҲܲסǼǰһѶӣˣĶǮ
ǷҪǮӣҪɣ
ҪȻͰҴǣ
ãҲе֪Ҳô
ڴڣϵ˶֪ҳ˸ңܱžͱšûŹŲ
£̫ҲûһʱҪ˵Ҫ˵Ļ̫Ľ㡣
ﰵȺϲģǳӵĽáǸļңͷ
Ͷģƣִ
ñӣִҲû˳
ԱߵĵӾǣǱߵһɷֵģ˵Ǽ浽Ҳû˹ܡ
һɣ
Ҳûʲôˡ
ֵһͰѼ涪ͷˡ
̫գ׸ģԾͽ̫
̫¾ˣ꣬ɴľͿʼ˺˳
־Ҫ˳һӣôϴգõľʱ򻹸͹̣Ҫĵʱ͸һëǮ
˵ţ̫߶߶ùʲôһëë
ͣԸסԼΪҪ¡
̫֮ǰǲģǳĽÿɲ
̫֮ǰǼǵ˵ǱҪҶٶ
Χ۵˱ҲڿϷϾҺҶգǣĴգǴһҲǿš
ԽԽԽզࡣ
˳ӹҪģ˼һ̸һëɵó
˵ˣ֮ǰǼᾭ˵Ҫ⣬ֻӸ˼֡
˭˵İ
˭֮ǰǼѾͷNɪ¡
ǹҪģҹŮˣĲŸ˼Ҹ˵𣿡
۸£˼ˣҪ
СӰˡ
ӿȥŮ
ǻˡ

Χۣ̫Ŷӵֽһ¡
̫Դ֪£֪ôһ⡣
ȻӣӲɷ⣬˭ҲûҶǵſġ
Ȼ⣬ʵϾ˳һζģҲ̽Լ¶վ͵űﰵ۸ˡ
Ϊ̫Ҳá
Լ϶ǲܳ棬֣Ȼֱ׳˳ҪǺĵ㣬ȫԶ֣˵ɷֲáԸ³ˡ
̫ܣЦһ
ǰҵĶҲ⣬αϰѹһѹԼһܻ취ĳɷ֡
˳һ̫̫˺ȫޣƫƫҲһ֡˵ıϾ̫˼ҳɷֺúõģ֣̫׼Ҫ
꿴̫˺˳ϽҲ˺͡
һ߶֣һ߿޺ɶ취ҼҲûĹŮˣҪһҾһˣ
̫һڣ֣˭ԸҪ
Ǯǰǰʮ飡
ʮ˵Щ͵Ķ϶ǼЩ۸ģɽˣҲˡ
ҪޣҼĶа
治֪ļҵףȻŮĲһ٣Ǯǰ˳˳˵ûˣΪǻûˡ
˳ȻٶļҵףͲ
Ҳ˵ʱ˽дϵ˶֪мҵףʮǮͽۣ
ǮҪڶϵģ
ﺿԼĲףӲ壬˵Ҳһûһġ
һ仹˵̯ûĸεģ֪Ͱһ˵ԼʵûǮ
ҪǰӣȢȥˣҼûǮ
һɤӿɾͰһվſϷӣǣˡ
ӣƲƲ죬һ䣺ĸĹҼޣҲּˡʮø
³ɺһ𣬾ԼôңӣסţƱţĲУԼ׵Ĵһ£æ
öǳĶ
ҼҵĶӣˣҪҲޣ
Ҫӣˮ
ӣû˵ʲôأͻȻһ
ԡ
ֵͷˣҷ˳ˡ
˪Լ裬鵭ķ·ղŲһŵĲһ
ӣϷĻʵ˪һ˵˾е˵ĸоˡ
еգҲеͷԡ
˪̫ߵӣߣΧȺҲӣǡվһ
˪Լ˵䣬Լߵӣߡ
Զľ룬㹻˿˶棬ȴ˵ʲô
˪˵ǽ顣
ӣֻ÷˼֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
ôԾֱûӡ
˪һۣҿ֪档
ӣ
˪϶Լһ׸顣֪࣬ͼ˻һû취Ļ𣿡
ҼҵҲ˽⣬ǽ飬⣬׸ʿŮҼҵĳɷ־Ͳ⡣
Ҹ飬ҲõҵĶ󲮳˾
ӣ
˪ͷһ£ҼֻҪҸ˺ܺദôŶ㡣
ӣ
˪ҿϽʣҼﻹ֮ǰĴЩ֧䡣
ӣš
˪Ƭ̣׳һը
ǳӣз


16 
ӣе㷳, һŮѴһҸ¶Щʲôϵأ
ûǸ
Ϊ˸ƽ, ޸ǰδ, 붼Ҫ롣
һҲôأҸʲôĲУǸһǣ
˪һϯȴá
޸˪ƺҲǸ˼·
ӣʵҸ׸ģֻ׸, ϸԼҵĻ˳ΪռӰ׸ֶŮ
ǿǵʱ׸, ҪôǼ߰˸, ʵ֣Ҫǻ󻹵øôֵ油Ŵ򽻵ǿ̫Ϊˡűͷ
֪࣬ʵ׸û, ֪Ҳӣһ㡣
ӣǼϵЩ, Ͳ˵ˣָ׷, ͷ, ϸԶһζ
֪Ǿ͸ɾࡣ
ٿһ˪, ͻӵϰҲ, ˿ȥˬټ֮ǰɽϸԼӣƽʱڴҲ˭Ҵֵ¡ɼƷҲǹصġ
Ҫǣ
Ǹӡ
ӣò, ԼеĶ
˪ҲûӣҪھ˵, ӣͷ˼, ˪˵֪ȽͻȻ, 㿼֮ٸ˵С
˪ּһ䣺ղ˵ǾԣΪͻȻ뵽¡һȥ˵㲻ͬˡ
Ů̸£ǰ仯Ҳָô䡣
ǰ˵ͬ⣬˵ͬ⣬ٶŮԵò̫á׻
෴˵ͬ⣬ǿûãͷͬҲû˼ƽ㡣
ӣͷƽʵѾбˣ¶˼һҲ
ٿ˪ӣһ˼ͦϸ塣
ãӣ뵽Լĩ֮ǰĹۣԼ²ľѵЩֲڵֱ˼ά
ӣǾֱ˼άΣ̫ǾץСԼհԶ֤ĲõС£ûǵϸڣǲΪȻ˵ϸھɰܣ˵һʱʲô¡
ƨϣЩڹϷһЩСϸڴԿ
˵ˣǶԻŮϵġ
˪뵽ϣѾӣ֮ϲˡ
ӣס˪˼һ¶ģ˵飬ٱġ
ȻӣҲ֪ϸڣһŮԼ֪ľһЩҲ⡣
ӣҲΪʲô֪£˵ҵϵĸίٱġ
ӣԼ˵⻰ģٱ˵ʱ򶼲ģʲôġ
˵ˣҵĴϴѧʲôоҪںܶѧͣˣʡѧء
˵ˣѧҵҲǷڴѧøʦһо
һٱ˾͵ˡ
ӣ¸˪˼Ҳȷ˶ҪΪԼΪۡôɣ˳ӻšֺ
Ű˸Զ㲻Ը޸˪ֱ˵ˣ
ϰ˼һˮ
˪һ˿⡣
ΪǳѧУͷ
õģлл
ӣеŤȥҴ󲮣Ǯ
ӣ֮ʵһֱһʣ֮ǰæŴеº壬һֱûϸ롣ӣ;úΥ͡
ͺΥ͡
ȥزҲû档
ҲżˣҲңǴԵ֡
ŵʱһҪԾʱͿһӣǴʱ򰲰ַ֡
ԭӡУСʱ񻹳Թɿԭ֪ɿʲôӣԹһϣӣ֪ԭСʱԹϡ涫
ǴʲôʱʼûЩˡ
ʱ赱˳Ŵ𾴣Ҳȱʲôģǿʲôͻ
ϸ룬ӣ˷ӣ˼ĶѵûĶ
Ŵ򿴸Ҳиһëëģʹ󡣲ԼӣĴҲġ
ΪŴֻῪ˽İӣӣ룬ῪҩҩĿӡ
ŴҲҪϹģŴͲǸȫְӦǰݹ
ӣʹҡϾ͸ɴȫ֣óֻڴæʱ򣬱գѺһʳ֮ġ
ҲΪʲôӣ·ϳ⡣
ôԭôЩ꣬Ȼûҵף
ӣɻ󣬻Ǵһˡ
ϴֿѸɾҲŸʮǮ
ҪôǴ󲮾ǮŲˣҪô߼Ǯˡ
ӣ˪ǿթ˳ꡣ
ӣǾô󲮿϶мҵס
˪ͷá
ԱߵΧ۰Σֻӣ˪˵˪ͷ
˵Ѿͬ⣿
϶УбҵʿŮ˵ܽ統ʦϣ޸ֺͥ
ǰ˪СӼҲҲúá
˳ˣ
ǰ˪ۺεĸҡҡͷ
̫ʱһɢˣԶԶ˺üꡣ
̫ҲûӣеĽĿһۡ
ӣʱԼĺãȥɻټϳԵȻã㡣Ҳˣͷ³ҲֺӲžȻƯ˺ܶࡣ
̫ڰ
ѾͷžͱԼʱΪɶͶأ
ںˣԼҲ˼ˡ
ѾͷúãǸͷ϶ܼ޵úá
֮ˡ
ҿ̫Ӿ֪ӣûͬ⣬СһɾΧ˶˪С̬ûá
ǰʮģŮҪޡ
ɶ
⻹˼˼Ҹš
˼Ҿ˰ɣ
Χ۵Щֿ꣬ǰ˪ãѹһӵ궼е㲻֪඼Ȳˡ
ڡëķ˻뵱ɽ
ֻȸ
ӣʿŮ絽ʱ϶ȥɸɶ롣
ǣҾһⷿӡ
ӣͦõİ
԰һҵӲܴеļ
ǣ
˵һ˵˪Ļⲻ֪ôᵽӣˡ
ôһӣзеʳļҾߡǮûĸ˵׼ҲҪ
ԲۣôĹԼǰôûע⣡
ϸӣҲá
۾ȻǴѣǱڹЩɲͥĻãЩŮ껹ÿ
м궯ˣ׼ؼȥԼ̽̽
мȲмԼȥڣһַˣʱ˳ӣԼʡһʡ
˳ҲĿڷ飬˪߹ȥӣ˵µһ
ȻһֱҪӣ޳ȥģ˳֪Ϊʲôվһ𣬾;òá
굹۷⣬ӣ޸˪˪Ǹóɷ֣޹ȥ
ԼܷΪ˪Ҫ
Ǯ޳ȥģΪ̫סʰڵĲˡ
ЩѣǰСһᶵˣ
˵뷨ͺŮŮ޳ȥǾǱ˼ҵˣŮöǾǺŮּ޳ȥҪѵģǾǻŮ
;öŮǸǮ
ȱһʼױþ͵䵽ӣϡ
˪ӵģ϶Ǯ˪Ҫһ١
̫üתƣҲеԲ׼ֻǲ֡Ƣ˪СȻǲ˵ϱˣ˭Ҳߵİ
˻ǮȢȢɷֺõѾͷ
ҵǮҪҪǾǵһ
˪Сӳҡͷ̫˵
Ǯ
ӣ߳Ҳʼ磬˳˵󲮿ҸʲôǻǮȥĿӣָС
ӣĻʵԸޡ
ŭľͿʼɲöǳС潸
˳֪ôͻȻһ
һվһ͵ġ
û꣬˪Ͱһߣ˵ǰҿϵĸίſڡ
˳
˪ȥ֮죬Ҹͳˡ
˳ʶ˵ô֪͵飡
˪Ҽҡ
˳Ҳ˵ٱģ
˪۾ã͸Ҵ˵
̫ɲǳصģǰͷ֪СֶδƶѾܲϲˡҪֶ֪ǵܵδ޸ģſҹֱһֱسȥ
˳Լʹһ±ϣ˿յû䡣
Ҫ٣
˪ôɣ
ûʲôˣϾǣϵˣҲǿ֡ƽոôദôദ
ֳ־ٱ飬Ҿĳˡ
£ϵ˲˵ܶ඼ϧġǱ˾ٱų£ٲЩ˼ٱġ
ʱ֪ɵģҶֻߣ
ʲôҲ͸һǺ𣿣
ҡ
˳һЩ飬þٱģӳиҲֹ
·Ҫȥٱӳ࣬ȻҲ˶ࡣ
ҲԸһһԱѧǶӳܸȥ
ǴӳԼҵ̬ҲȻ϶°£ԱеһݻأҾͱУ
ҫڣȥˣӳ¿ҪƷ۵ġӦ߷Ա˵ӳһ㶼ֱӿῨǰ̡
飬°ɰ϶һ
˳Լ䵽ľ
˳ҧҪǮۡ
˪ɫһ٣
˳ͷѪܲ
ҽá
˳Ӹҳһٿ飬ݸ˪
Ǯ²˵
˪ͣһ£˳ˣǮˣҪһٻ࣡ؿƿҲû˵ԩĺܡ
˳ǷľԼԩ
ֲٱģҲ֪鰡Ǯʮ꣬ҪӼһٿ飡
˪ʮǮʮϣš
ᡣ˳ϣǴӵġ
˳ڰķ۵ĿҪվסҵӵٶ˲ֻжٶˡӿô
˪ʮǮ̫ĶĶһʮˡ
һڵϵ꣺Ǯˣٴüſڹ
Χ˿ûǮҲɢˡһϷʵʣͷβġ
и˪Ӳ
ͷǴùˣ˭̯ĹŮⲻסǻҡȥ費˵Թһôȫ³
پǣӣãָһַˣ˭кʵСӸϽȥ̽̽
Ҫ˵֮ǰûֱӣһӣǸңֱڼɻ˶졣ӣ˵£͵ô˳Ƕ
˳⵭ӣˣͷ˵ӣദǸСƢŪҪȢ̤ʵ˵Ĳţŵľ档
˳;ãøأ
׼ҵģֻǶʮʮĲǮһøһӡ
ֲĴӣ˵˼ңȻҪֶĽʡ
ɲһˡ
˶ӣá
ûҪԼмҵס˵ˣ͸һˣôң
ôһϵѾͷȲӣ
˵ҽ
¹ǽǽ統ʦǻһŴأ
ǮĽ
ļͥʱЩýҲڰԼݣ˭һûһݰ
ͷ¹١ÿӶҲϱĹ
Ľ᲻ϻҲ١
ѾͷãûеⲻǷ⣿
ĵľȥӣ˵˵ףӣܲܿԼСӡЩͷģĸκ͸ҲĥôӣȢ֡
ӣߵǲ֪ԼѾ˺ܶ˵ۣ˪Щ
ˣ˴˵ȱ
ӣǼûģ¼޴ˣҪ׸
˪ãǳɷֲãҸɷֺõġ
һϼƣ׮¾˿Ϸ졣
ӣ룬ȢԼͼͼǮͼǸ֮δػá
˪ͼɷ֡
ͺס
˵ҿڳɷҲõģΪҪ黹˪ֵģ
˪׸
ӣ룬˯ͷ˪ԽԽʡ
뵽ԼǸɱ֣ӣ͸˪ˡ
Щ壬Ҳȥ˹ˣԭҸʳõĹǿŷǸȲܵΡ
ϵůƿͻصλطûʳõģ
ӣڷԼԷ⣬Ǯ࣬һȥһ±Ҳġ
ԼʵڲҪ֡
ӣ룬˪飬Էǲóˡ
ҹʱ֣˯磬ټҲûͨ磬϶ǿ͵ƣ͵ҲʡãҲͰ
һҹ˯ţҲǺ˵ʱ䡣
ӣڴЩǰǰ󣬾Υеʧߡ
Һ棬һӰҲĵĳ֡
ССҲ˳ɽ·ϵʯͷˡĵƵͷ
ſڴһ洫˵֪һȡ
ɫ̫Ҳǵñ˸Լ˵Ƕ߻ˡ
֪ˣ˳ŴΧߣһߵĵһ
ⲻ֪ӣŲʱѾ֪ڴ⡣ǳŽŲȥ˳ͷɻǳ˳ȥġ
ûԷȷʵˣûһۻ
ӣɵĴӴһ
ɽ֦ģľ¡
ӣĵã˪˳ԼֶȻܾæڱǾַˡ
Ȼַˣ֮ǰϻŵ㣬Լ¶û˳վһȻǰִ¶ϡ
ַϾš
ӣҲǺơ
û뵽˸ҽʲôǾǮǮġ
ӣˣ֪һͽһ죬㹻Щ˰ȥķڳ˺ü顣
˿ɱĶǮֵǮˡ
⵨ģǵߴϵϹ˶Ϲ
ϹʮߣǻĶҪȥѪһ߸ӣֵĲУǼ
أôӡ
߸ͷȥ׸ˣһˣܲסˡʣǽεصҲֻȢһϹʣûϱǸ
ϹΪϱòУɴͳסˡ
ˣ϶û¶٣ùˣǶšʱϹҲˣûǮ˵ϱ
һȥϹǸϹ
ϹϣˣԼǲǴǮȹһϱ˵᲻ôɣ͵͵򣬾˵Զ޹ģҲû취ʡ
ͻȻ£Ϲ̲סġ
ӣѵΪ
ɶУȱһˡ
ԼɶûУ
ȻԼǴ㣬Сﲻ˲Żء
Ϲ룬ȴҲ֪Լûʲô
ڴӵСǸӣٵȼ죬ƾ˵ýˡ
Ϲһ;ԼĻᡣ
Ҫǰʮ꣬ûôʵĹأ
ž͸Ӧ
ϹЩۣҲ˵ӣҪһ׸ļޡ׸Ϲûо
׳ĴСӶˣǼֵܼģںǵ
׸׸
׵һƯϱשס⻹ɶ
ϹĽȲס
һᣬϹ˸ɥĵͷ
ʵˣӣҲüޣ
ͷһϹԼһ
⻵׵£ô˵Ҳʮ˲
ϹţԼడʮ߻û˵š²죿µµɣֻҪиţиӡ
Ժӣõ㣬ôС˺ǡ
Ϲ͵͵ˣӣҵĴĳȣ·õǰ
ȻһӰžǿҪһȭ
Ϲ۵ĵᣬ˵Ҵֻ͵ġ
úúˣҲӣǸСƤģø㻹𣡡
Ϲû˭ѾͷĴͷԼһʲôɫ
ø㣡
ϹѸٵˣժ仨̫ˣֲԼ
˻Ҳ˵ڻȭͷ
ȭͷˣ
ϹίĲˣʮ붼ûУ
ԩ
ֽϹϹιȥˣҲУʵۡ
ӣƴûͷôһ
Ϲһ룬ΪĴնˡ
˭֪ͷԽԽݣȫǴֵӣ͵Ѵ󴰻ǲģϴҵĶԺĴûܺġ
͸Ĳӣǹ˵µˡ
˪ˣϵһ߷š
ӣƿ˪ҲŤͷ
㳳ˣ
ӣͷˣû°ɣ͵Ǯģûʲôëɣ
ȻԶӣϳˣϹϹⲻǡ
˪͵Ǯġ
ӣ͵Ǯ͵Բۣ
ӣ̲ס֡
Ҳܹ֮ЩӣԴϵĴӡ󶼱ȽϺáϹϹӣѡ붼ûһʱ֮仹ûԼ롣
ӣҧгݣţҳһ
ϹιȥˣԺлΪԼιȥ֮ڰᣬⲻ֪ιȥ֮һ٣ӣġ
ӣĴӴڷϹݺһ١
껹һڣ
ŶʮˣôǸá
ӣ˪лл
ʵҲöлҪǽĴҲܰôңǾеˡ
˪ֻǰµӣ̲ס㣺ҪעЩ£󲮼ֿǴﲻ˶뷨
˪ûһӰ˴ЩҪ׷ӣͷеϱġ
Ҳ˶ϹһŻģҲȷʵǿӣˡ
˪֪ҲǸԼϰǰӣû£ֻ޵ķΧѡȥˣټϸ˳ӶϿҶ֪˵
δûһЩꡣ
˪ϵӣ˵ˣǼҾһ֣Щ˻ָˡǰҲ˵ȫǼ˵ֻҶղǸȡ
˳һ֣˳µţһЩǰ̫ྵ̫̫Ҳˣϲ£Ҷûǰԭȥദ
ҲˣС˪ܳģ̫ҲǸԿˡĸҪ˶þŤתƾҸɷֺõĶϱк¡
ҲЩ֪ĸĳɷֵİ취һЩũũһһŮ͸ûˡ
Щ̫̫˪֪ܿ˴ڶ̸ӣ
ĸЩ̫̫ǻһͲӣ˵еΣա
ųèŵȣ˭뻹סģôˡ
ӣ˪˵꣬һһѾ˼ǡҵõӵ궼Ķ
˪ҲǡǴЩӽȥˡ
ӣ˼Ĵӵǰɣ
˪ҲЩ˵Ҫý˵ģҪ˼ˡԺúÿһ¡
ӣϣÿˣˣʲôʱ飿
ӣͿţ˪¹£¶һЦݡǰǰôһЦȻϵĺÿ
ӣЦе죺òƭҵİɣ
ʲôӵ궼׼׷ʲô˭ҵСӴˮ
˪ЦݣȴܿɺϷʣƭС
ӣû뵽˪Ȼôһ棬˵аɣȥҸýˣϽš
ʲôý˷ӵڡ˱ŮܣӣĲС
ҶģֲǴʾԼ
Լ
ӣ֪Լ֮ǰĻûֵҲûָԼ۷״̬ͶܰԼöÿ
˵ˣǿ
ӣʵ÷ֱǳģǳģе߶С
ֱЩѡ
ɷֵ˪ס
˪ĴӦˣȥýˡ
ӣûʲôʲô߰ģ˪׸Ҫ
ǵ˵ʵЩûбҪˡ
ӣһŵϹô죿
ӣǰӻԼңһ٣Ҳˡδ죬Ҳ
˪һ˵㲻ùˡ
˵ͰϹϣҹɫҴɽˡ
ӣ˪ôϹôһڣҲ˯ˡӣ뵽˪ղ˵Щ̸۾Ӧ˭֪ûĸκ͸ģȰһϡ
ȵ˪ý·͹ûˡ
ӣ͵ƣһΪ˪ֽؿڣȻڵġ
ıֽñֽģǸɺҶĺü㡣ȵĶӣĻŭš
һֻռ
ɫƤ͹⣬ˡ
ӣ˲ϱģֱ־⼦ʱˣһͷ룬ⲻд֭Ƥŵ࣬Ӧը±ġ
ӣԵø㣬ͷԵøɸɾ
һֻӣ걥һɡ
ͻȻδͷ
Ϲһ类˷ֵģѵ磬ȥΨĹˮˮˮŴȳȳԶǴӵİ칫ҡ
ͷһϹĻĶӣˮˮһϹ׵ڴȳء
ʱ϶䰡˶һҹɲǿЦġ
ĶӸϽȥ֧飬ͷӳиһˣ֧δ˾٣϶ˡ
δʱϹڴȳϡ
Χ۵ҲԽԽ࣬û˸ȥѾˡ
δ̴˻
󣬲ȥϢ
оȻϢͦȣδûɶˡ
ָ̧ϹδָŰ칫ң̧ȥ
ûתֱ£ŪؼҲͳˣ칫̧ɶ
ӵİ칫˵ǰ칫ңδиְʽˣԸɴѻİ칫Ҹǰ
ͷǰ칫ҺͲֿ⣬ǰͷľ͸ɴŪɴĻҡ
ʱ򵥶ҴϵһЩȺ̸Щ˼طϯߴͣܽҡ
ĴӶûŴ͵ߴУҲš
Ҫѳ˰Ϲ̧ȥ˾ͲˣǴӵĻǴҵĻң
˽ȥҪզ죿
δ˾ͽСһ̴ûǾ
ͻȥһϹû˹ܣٳʲô¾˵ˡ
δԼı׼֧飬ܻã˾͵ùܵף˻ĳȥ
ߡ
ǸǮ𣿡
ϹһֱǴϾûëǮ
䲻ľƺȵδ̲סͶˡ
ʳ󣬾̫ʳƿ˴඼ǺȻƾƣԼ
ɸղδζԾǸŨȵľƣƾƵôŨġ
Ϲңƴľ˷ϣδµķϹĶĶ﷭һƿ
ݣȵǰ칫ҵҽþƾ
δһϹƿҽþƾһЩ֮ĳҩƷͳһڰ칫ңһ˭˿Խ¡
ͷڰ칫Ҵ̨ϣ˭Ҳû¡
˭֪Ȼͱ˶ˣ
δҽþƾ󲻹˵ϹΪ͵ԹòƲƾǮǴһ͵ģһȫˣ
ȥҸŴ򣡡
˭֪ҽþƾ᲻ˣ
δָϹҵˣ
͵ƾȣҪû£δ͵øˡҪ¡Ҳҵģ
ҽܿˣ˼£Ϲˡҽûʲô׬ëǮ
Ϲ֪ԼĶԺġ
δˣ
ϹͻȻһ飬ɤӴ𣺡ҽþƾ͵ģ͵ȵģҲô˵
δ󣺡


17 
δҲûϹḺ翹, Ҳû뵽˾Ȼôͳ˰
δ󣺡㻹Ժģ
˵ĻҲδ󲻰ϸߣſڱտڵӾ¡, Ķʲôӡ
Ϲ, ʶӦ
뵽Լˮϱѣֱ˪ͷһȭ˵һ䣬ҽþƾϣôѡ
ҪǸ˵ȥԼӣҴ, ˪϶, ˡ
ҪԼ͵ҽþƾ, ҲӣǰҲ¶ȥ֣˪ͷ
Ϲв, ɵӶ֪ôѡ
˪ǲס, һ٣Ĺзʡֱˡ
ٴ򰤵, Ķγ, һʾͺ
Ϲȷʵʳӣ, ˵ͼӴףʵ˵Ҳҡ
͵ҽþƾŮҵĴ, ѹʵ£
ǰ߹ƻôʰҪ, Ҫɻ϶ôЩЩС, ֵϸί˵ġ, Ӱ, ɵۻ
ߡ
Ҳ˵ӣʿŮͻصԴµʾ;Ҫ෿ٸʲô˵ûȥũҲز
ϹŵòУһȥԼΪʲôǰǸͷ
֧˵ϹæĽͣ˵˵ˣҽþƾȷʵҺȵģҽܼκγͷ
δһţ
֪˻ɣһô̹ǲѹǾС£Գϵÿ죡
Ϲ֪δ룬϶Ҫίˡ밡ֻ෿͵ҽþƾȷʵС¡
δľϴһ֣ϾҪɽˣӳҪ֯ɽҰȥͨԱݶɨѩӣһݡѲߣҲ㡭û֡
ߴӴطɽ£ɽϵɽ͹԰Ӻù١
ͬʱÿ궬Ҳһѵ׼
ҪɽɱһҰʡЩëûԵɽԱҰҲܸԱǷһ֣ȻⲻóԣǸˡȺҲɱɱöȺɽ
еΣգÿζ׳С΢ʹĶȥ
δֱָϹȥ˲£ǹʳܿԣ
һˣֻͨԱݶϹֻܴӦ
ɽͷʲôɨѩѲ߶Сˡ
δҲ϶ˣ١ҪڣҪȥصĻ
꿪ý԰ࡣ
һе԰ķҪĲ࣬ʤˡ
Ϲô죬ֻȫ̽ܡ
Ҳֹӣ˪ɶ£
ҧӣ£
ϹͶΪʲô˪˪Ϊʲôʰ
˪ýȥӣϼƻˣ
ϢϹһ߻Ȼһ߾ú󼹱Ҫô˵˪ԼҲ
Լȥ˼δ޵Ĵñˡ
Ϲеᣬӣܿ˪ɷôģΪɶܿԼԼƶũأ
ϹίίĻؼȥˣ˪ֺݣ۵˯š˿Ҫһ£øڽɽ֮ǰãȻ϶飬䵥˿ɲġ
˪ý˵£ҲڴѸٴ
ɵˡ
Ǹմãûʼжͱ˪ˣ
ҪģǰɷֺþͲ˵ˣڳɷֲûҪѴõһˣ˳ɷֲ˶ôԽԽˣ
Ҫ˵ԭ˪ᣬϻûʲôۺ죬˻˪ɵԼҪ˪Ƕ϶ˣҲϵĹˡ
˸˼ֱ磬˪һسҲûᡣ
Ȼᡣһ㣬趼ũ񣬳Ȼÿ㣬Ҳû˵ÿܺ
˭õ˪ˣȻҵӣˮ׼ģ
ĺܵߣҾͷʶ̣֪
ƽµں
ôһɷֲģԺǿӵ
ǣúõʿŮƶũɷֵģǲǸ죡࣬Ҳ֪զģ
Ҳǲն˵л꣬⻰ЦһŤͷߡ
˼ŮҪʲôʲôһĺõôˣ
˪Ҳûô
ĳɷûۣ˵࣬ûֽϡ˾ǣ˾òǣ֮ǰϵߣҲǳԲ׼һʲô̬ȳ
Ҫ涤Ǻ࣬Ǵϵ˳ҲƽʱôҪ˵۸ˣ˼ҲôɡֻЩ˼ԼɷֶõģǰũũЩƾ͵øҶܵΪԼҿǡ
ɹؼǣͷҲ֪ôģֱȥˣõĻ·ţ֧Ԯ
еˣͷӵ˵ǷңɴʽһסŪôӴӵ磬ɲǶûκδá
ң˪ĹҲûҪǶ˳ɷ֣˪Ⱦ͵ö
⹤ûã˪ͻϹӪĴһºüʮĹţʵҲ١
˵ûʲôĸı䰡
ڣ˪˵ӣӣǳɷ֣ȫӶˡһкͣ˪Ĺܳþõĸȥ
ٿղȺˣͷ˵иˣµؿϸɻĶû
˼ŮʧķҪҸүźţ˼ҷҲУбҵϾй˾ǵҲźǿ
ϧܿһ֮٣˵л
ǳԲѿģ˵ñȴϵǻ̱
ǰ˪أ˵˵ˣСӵģ˭֪ǲйҡ
⻰Ҳǹ񫣬˭ʱֵһǰʲôΪΪҲܺˡ
Ų޵ģ˭ܹ涨Ҳ̸ܻ
УʵʲҪȥ
Ҳȥ
׼ȥӣͷ˪Сʲô취Ȼôӣ
ӣҲû뵽˪ĶȻô죬ǰһ˵ãڶ˪ҵý˾ˡ
ýˣ˪ԼҲһˡ
ӣﱾ䷿ĸǼ󣬰ѲһͷżӾܴá
ýžͷסĿҵİãӣúãһǸֽĺùһ֮Ӷร
ôһͨƨýǱĹ죬¾Ϳʼ䣬һʱ䣬Żһת⡣
д󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޡ˪ǸСϽҲǸʵˡѾͷû˹ܣ͸̸ֱ
˭˵Ѿͷû˹ܣ
ͷһŭȣ˳ꡣ
ŲʲôҪӣȥ
ǵǺƣųӲˡѾͷûˣҸ󲮣ôûˣ
˳ҲǺǴĶýˣ֪֮ǰȵù˵ۣУ˭࿴ֱӰ˾ʹ࿴Ǳƻ飿
˳ڳȰɫӣѾ£ǰ˵ޣ󲮶֪ģ󲮿϶޸˼ң
˪һٿ飡˳һϣ
˵˳޵ģӣ˪
˴һԣ붼룡
ýҲǸģ˿ɰǰɣҲǸղ˵ĶˣŶŶ˵顣Ҿֱ˵˰Ҵ󲮣ӣѾͷأ׸
˵أ׸ҪзǮģϾ˼һҲףܳԹܺȵģͳȥ׸ɶҲ䲻ţò˼һǮ
أ׸øʮ飬ҸղС˵ˣ֮ǰ̸µģⲻôԵֵҲҾѰ˼Ÿ߶˵һ£ʮ飬˳˳ģҲӶ࣬˼СӳôʮҲˡӣѾͷ趼ˣǮ
ӣﶼҪЦˣͷ˪ûͨġ챾˪̸̸Ҳû뵽˪ô죬Ҳ͵ˡ
ýֿ˪ӦѾˣȻý˲ô׼
Ȼý˵Ļ˳
˳ɫǶֶ࣬ĺɫ
ӣ𾢣Ͻ͵˵Ķԣ󲮣׸ǰûã˾͸˪˵ˣҲͬ⡣
˳뱬һֿڣƫƫѹ֣˵Ҳ˵
ûɻ䣬ſھ˵ʲôƨ˵ˣ
ǿˣӣû˵ͬ⣬ǲҪǮϲͽȥͷ˵ˣ˪ǮͲҪˡ
Ѿͷúݵĳ˪ǼôһǮ
ӣЦģô˵ɣҪ˪顣Ҵ룬ͰʮǮˣڻϸλáҪĶȰǻЪЪ
껹Ҫ֣˳ˡ
˳ƤЦⲻЦѾˣʹ㲻Ҫң۸Ҳû˳¹
浱˪ʲôûɫɷֻˣΪɷȢ㣡
浱Լʲôˣ׸׸ѹס˼ң
ǿԾ˳ҲαװˣﻰǹҪЮ
ӣʼ磺ܱͼʲôأ㣬ͼҼҵķӺǮͼҰҵĶôˣװˣҪôͱȻ㰡󲮡
˳վԭأݺݵӣ
Ƭ֮Цһק뿪
СֶŮû뵽ǰʮþȵֶŮȻ֪ΪʲôͻȻˡ
˳޵ĲУҲ벻ʲô취ŤתˡٿһֱĸҪȥӣ鷳꣬˳ŭ˳ڡ
һ˦ϣ㣡˵û˵Ѿõ㣡£ѹ̫ݣǵԷ磡ںˣʲôûˡ
ѹҲСǼˣ£ȻҪǮһ׮׮һ޶޲ꡣ
ټǰҪǮ˳˵ûǮóʮ˪
ǮĶģ˳˵ü˵ʡŻΪʡǮԼŹһһĶơҪҲڿ˿ӣֵز
أ˳ְһԼϡ
˵ԼҪѹӣȱְ
ҪǷһ仰ӣҲ棬ܲͬ⣿
˳һҵĶʾƾʲôЩԼϣ
ŭܵһ𣬺һɤӾͻ֡
Ů˴ܵķʽͳͷָ˳޶Դֱۣס˾ôһȭһȭڵϴ
ӣԼﶼ˵İֱĿ
ý˼û˰µģҲ
˵һ²ͷܸеһһгֱӣѾͷ㿴Ҫĸ
ӣ
׸ǲø
˪ұгģ˵㲻ôȥгֻ»õĶ࣬ҸĹҵƱŪҵĽǰŪгƱͬ»̾УӡǵλֻõƱûз˵ġ
ӣ˽֮е˪
ý˹žȣŪܳһ˲˼ˡسܳҲû١СһھŮһ׸ֱȢŮˡ
̫ԱţʱҲ䣺ѾͷģҼ۶ͷҵƱãҽϵģҪǾͶðȫ
̫û뵽黹ô·תһ졣
ǰԼڷ۶˵һʵģСӾ˵ӣӦˡ
ӣӦˣ
̫ԼʱȥԼͷɽͷݰݣǱɽԭи֣˵飬ˣͰöˣҲˡ
ţǶȥڷϹ㡣
̫ǰԼҴȥþ۶Ļ˳һ㡣
ż죬˸ʮȫʮĺѾͷͬ¡
̫޲ܰδʮ
Ҳ̫ˣӣԭȵóʮȥԷʱԸԼҵĻˮǸĵĺѾͷ
̫Ҳ˸ղ˳ĺղž˳Ϲ˵Ĺۣôܶӣã
̫֪ӣ߲ڲҶ£޸ԼСۣɷί˵㣬ĹԼ۶ƷԣܽĵĹӡӣ˪Ҳĵˡ࣬ҲЩúԼ۶ĿûôãƷ϶Ǻõġӣһˣδѹ
ԼңӣҸϼѡ
̫ʮ֪㣬˪һ˵ͼĲιȥ
ֻҪӣϼޣʲôӦ
˵ǱĶӣҪûȥҵŪ
ӣҲûʲôܣֻǾáԼеĽ̫һ
˪𻰣Թ˵ǵȹ죬Ҵسǣȥʵؿ
ý˸Ͻǻɣȹ˵ġСͷ˵ð޻ˮѿԸ
˪䣺а˳ߵĲƱͬ»׵Ӧÿԡ
̫ӣѾͷѵö㣬ǺĴӶûզѣ۶ͬ»ˣȥʦʡװ׵׼
˪ɡ
ӣ
ý˽ӹͷҾߵĻҲǿ˼϶Ҫִӣȱʲôһ춨£Сȥ
̫廰ľǸţģĶǴֲڻ
˪ãȥ
ýˣЬӡ
˪ʦҪƱ

ӣ֣ԼѹûоܾĿ϶
Լ΢¶ô鷳̫ȻȰҪ̫ʡ鱾Ǵ£ӦðĹʵ㡣˪أϵһͣ˵ŪǸܰ죬·ӣ˵ԼҪ治ɫӦ
ӣһ߾Щ̫¡أһҲеİϲá
˪˵Լߣý˾͵ӣˡýҲͷһģϡĲˣǻǳס˱飬ӣûʲôҪ˵ǰͷġ
ӣҾʣסĶ
˵׸סŮǶݵദӣе㲻İ̫ҡϱദҲˣܶӣҲĥϡ
̫ȷСڵȻסһˣҾסͷסͷԷһԣ۶Ҫϰ
˪ϰסǱˣҼԺѹˮʲôҲ㡣Ҫ»סˣǾסȥ߶
ӣ˵ʲô˼ʲô뵽ˡ
̫һ䣺ǽ鵱Ǳ߰ھƣ˾Ǿ͹סˣӣѾͷⷿҪҪޣ
̫ҲԼСžţɲǲСסһﱲأ
ӣסһ𲻸СŲס߾Ͳһˣש󷿣ãҲڡ˵иСӻСŮأ
Ψһ鷳Ǹסݡ
Ҳûʲô˪˰мǽ֧ܸܲԺⷿӾǽűջĺõطˡ
ӣͷʵ޷ˣ͡
ҲУŽĹ򣬰ԺǽĵطӣҲΧԺǽϹ»ǽӦԼҵĺ󴰻ǷԺŰġ
˪ȻвӦ˵ԼʱȥڹשũУҲ˰æԺǽ
ýൽβˣ̫һҳҲǹʱӣ˪˵˽ϾЩһʸ̫
ӣקһ˪ӣʵôǮĲỨ𣿡
ĶȢŰֱǰȫҵ׶óˡ
ӣҸڵĻᣬ㿼¡
˪д˵Ц⣺ﵽĵز
ЩĴͷԺǽϣǮƱøٴףԺǽҲøһ٣ʣµЩЩСͷҲһٶ㡣
ҵǮǿ˪ģұͲر˼ҡ˪ĵҲǳӣ磬̫˪͵˵ʦǶѧûͳʦ
˪ڹӪɣÿũʱĺϲ£˪ҲٽӡɽŪ㶫˽û˭֪
̫Ҳ֣˪ĹʾѾ㹻ˣȥϹǵ;ڼź̫̫
ô²⣬ҵǴû¶ûгû
Ҳ̫ǻˣۼʱĵũôһҹ֮˴ġ;̫ǮǺ£Դ涼ԡ
˪ÿ¹һͽ˪ӼǮ˵˪ĹʵˣҲûסǮ
ʵͷҲʲôǮѧУȻѧʦӿģʲôһݣвÿ¶ٻǮ͹
̫ôһָɵĲﶼ֪˪һʾҪ磬˵̫ƫģ˿СӸӡ϶СǮпȫˡ
ôһ˪˾ˣҲûҽǮ
Ϊ˽飬̫ͲЩˡûȫ
˪ӣ˸֣ӣˣû뵽û뵽ȻôǮ
λļҵףֲ˪˵ء
ԱһӣԼе㵥ˡ
ϻʮĿë塣
˪Цˣû£ҵľġ
ӣһ죺ҪǮɡ
˼ͷȲϣĴеְ
˪ûͬˣܣ׸ġ
ӣֱˣλ׸ģǿ׸
˪ţǮ㡣
ӣŤŤĴӦˣǱߵýſˣֽ˵ڡ
Ѿʮµˣÿʮ³ͷɽʱҲϣҿʱ䣬һʮһµľźţһʮһµĶʮšźſ϶ǸϣҪĶҲ࣬ȻͶʮ
ӣû飺Ͷʮɡ
һʱʵҲϣ뵽Ǳѩɽһ¡ҲˡȻܲðŴѩԾϯ
ý˼ϸڣˡ
̫ýӡãɴİѻ˰æиýˣȻɷֲˣ̫еӦЩ֮ǰͦõ̫̫ڻûţڹǼҵܲҵóɷֵĶϱ
̫ˣȻҲԼΪٷˣɴý˴ӱĴңʱһٷͽǮˣʡٷѿࡣ
ýϲ⣬һУɵĲŮǵлýǮҲŸҸʱֵģţ֣˭ұС̣Ķӡ
˸ɻĻϲϯܳԺõģЩŮǶǮ
ͷİɣҿ϶Ҽֽ
һ˻˵úã߶Ǻͺģȫ֣Ů߶ڿٲƸٸһ߲ҶǮֵɢҲС
ýлýǮ߶ֺöҲմմϲ
ýˣ̫Źջȥˣ˪ǸӣһСֽ
ȥҾߺשͷǽЩҪʲôʱ򷽱㣿
ӣӹֽҶԡˣȸһвУ
мҩû꣬õŪˣȥûҪ˵ҽԺչվҩĵģȥʼ۸
˪ԣʱǰһȥӪңҺÿš
˪ǹˣžͲߴˣ÷ͷҹµĿµҲÿ춼ڣһ㶼ǰ
ӣͷ˪ֽ˹ɵͬһڷ
˪Ťˣӣеƣôô죿
ٴֽͷĶѾˣ±õļצѼƣһձһС档
ӣѼצѼƷڹûһˣſִձζҿj
ˬнѼƣִŵ֭±ζҲĺãζͣצ±ˣƤ⻬ʷḻھĿڸС
ӣһеδצѼ̫óˡȻ±ζҪζĶ
»֮ĵڶ죬˪æµҾߵľʱ䣬֤Լڰ¸ꡣ˪שҤһξשͷҲשǱ޷ӵ˶࣬שͷҲ㣬˪ôࡣ
˳ܴ࣬һһ飬ŰԺǽӣҲЩæԺǽġ
˼ҸĪ
ȵԺǽڸǺõ죬Ѿǻ¶ˡ
ϵĿʼ£һΪĸӣԺǽľ˪׸
㣬Һеƽ
Ҳǣӣã˪϶Ҫ׸⡣
Ψһģ˪һ㶼׸׼ĸŴȢϱһ
ǽҾߣ˵׼ϯ
е㲻ĵˣ˪ôɣָԼģǾֻӣҪˡ
ֲӣ˪أЩҪ˭ⶼȢϱȢڣ
ӣ֪ԼһַʽЩһѾ⼸æŽɽŪҩġ
ݺɽ񱦲أö̫ˡ
ӣֲ߰ôҩģѧһƺã׼ȥչվļ۸ѹ̫ͣðԼҽԺءΨһѵǴÿνǶҪţȥĴ˿϶С
˪ͷӦǷ㣬ӣ룬˪λĴܲȫǹʰɣ˿϶ЩΪ֪Ǯ·سǿ϶ûȥ
죬ӣŴ̨ɹĲҩԺǽһк
֣裬ǼôôһԺǽҵķôˣ


18 
ҫվԼſ, ǰеưܵݣʮֵɻ󲻽⡣
Ǵûңôͱˣ
걾, ⼸ԺӶȥ, ǴԺҲ̲סѪӿԺǽԭȰǵĻҪ߲٣žͰۡ˪ݵʱûע⣬淢ֶԷһϰθߣŲԡ
ӣҵԺǽ, ѹԺӣҰͱôһ¸Ժǽ, ǲӰɹɹ·ģ
һ, ӣ˵Ժǽı߶ôߣҲûԺѹ˰
ᣬӣҵԺӱԼһߴ, һĸ֡ӣҪô, ϾͰ˪լӣĲһ
˪ֱӾͰϣӣҵԺһӣԺǽѹԺӡ
ԼҾûô, Ժǽһѹ, Լҵ, ֻһɹ̫һָֻһɹС, ԺҲѹʵ
ӴŽССԺӻһԺǽ, žͱƽܡ
껹ȥ, ˳ƤЦⲻЦ˵ӳ϶ƫӣ, ȥҲǰȥ
겻а, أиûһֻ˵ӣķ˼ôôģҪǲҲ¡ũûУǵض࣬˳Һլû꣬ҲԺӡ
ǽиȥֹӣԺӣиȴ˵Լլأ˼ԼլôŪôŪҪãиҲ
ȥ껹ӣԺǽˡ
бڴϣӣ˪̫һ·и
ӣǸС潸׸㲻ԼҺã˵
˪һ߹׵ģô֮ǰԼĸɫϣҲǸˣ
ϲ̫ԼӹôãȻ׼ҵĶˣˡ
ӳҲǸҪģһƫˣ˵ͷڰѹ˵ţô£

ôԹţҫڵΪԼˣԽԽֱ̾ŲӳԺ￴
ҵӵĴԴ֮ǰӣ֮Ҳûϰֽһ㣬ŴֽĽǣ꿴Լĸ⡣
ҫڰզˣ
ʱҲǷżٵʱ䰡
źаŴӣɽҲ˴ѩɽʱҲ߶һ㶼һֱϵʮһµףʱŻһµļ١
ôʱˣ
⣬ҪŶӿǲˣѧУȱˣ۸ˣ
ҫڲͷĻӿ֣ϸ߶ǸСˣܱҵէȥѾǸˣĸ߸׳׳Ǽ꣬ŰĶ̴棬촽Ьžͽ˲ϲƫƫ˳ӸԼãҫڰͷĨĹϻһ˫϶ټƤЬ
ӿ˵ǻǵҰҶѧУ˺üĶˡ
ʵҲˣͻƶȻȲϰ󣬿϶ѾǺüͥˡ
ҫڲУѧУһǳϸѧУʳĶˮ٣ٶٲƬӵĻ˾;óԲ£Ҫ˵ų˺üĶ档
ҫ춼ǱԹҰһʱˣҴƱˡ
죬˳˵Ҫȥϵģӣһ͸ˡ
費ãˡȥɻȥ˻ֻ㲹
ĶˣŮеһӣûʱԹٳЦϵ˶˵ӡŵòУҵҪˮºͷǹŮ
òôӣǷļϵġҾٿѣҲûӵ졣
жӳ˼ǼֱһѸ롣
զԣǳͷ
ҫڻӻ֣С裬Ҹղ㣬ۼԺզ£զˣ
ҫڻ֪Լķ䱻ӣҪȥˣΪԼķ仹Ժǽͷ
ͣλǾöԲӡ
û£ѶӵķӸŪˡ
Ķðļӣӽ֮ʹͨ䣬ӶϱҲסĿʣһסҪǶ˾һӺͺġ
ǲŲһ£ӵķӾûˣֻԼߵ䡣
ĨѼ˵ˣȻҲûǶΡ
ǸĸεģǼһ̯ˣֺҰһҪǮӣǸ˸ɿŲ˵˪˵ˣҪ顣
ҫڣ
ĻϢ̫һӰҫڸˡ
ˣӣֱ˴ӳѶǮҪ˻ȥ
߮ҪԼ͵ܵҵȥˡ
ӣָԭȵĽһˣҪ顣

ҫڲСеĲı仯ʮֲ
ĶҲˣǴҲˣ
᣺ˣۼҸǮӳͺ۲Ҷûô࣡
Լǿ˵ġ
ӣǮð춫ǲ٣ЩŪҪƱҪġİŪˣ󶼱˸ӣˡ
и۵ǰǮ㣬ûԼƱ飡
ҫŭģһ뷨ⶢǵ㶫Զ
ã޾ûˣֻӣһŮûӣǶҵĶɲԼģԼҵжһΨһһ˵ûˣǶڣҲøԼһԼ
Ȼ֮˭ˤ룬Т飿
Ȼˣûˤ룬Ϊ廹ûȷˣҪǶˣµվͷһȥ
ôҪĴ£ӣɵ
ȻԼ󸶳ǶҶƾʲôģ
ҫҪȥ鷳ȥƾʲôôɣ
ҫڳţԼһܰӣ˵ƿԡ
û뵽һ磬ӣڿûߣô־ô֣ҲվǱߡͲ裿
ǰʱˤһݵġ
˻ûأ
ҪǷҪӣУԺᣬһָͷ
ҫ߿ԼҵĴţڡ۵ֱ飬ӣҴŰԼŸʲô
ҫڵߣ߲
˪ӣԺǽʱɴҲˣ˪֪ĶŪһľͷӲأľʱͷͭ
ôߵԺǽɵţɰѴϸĽˣ˵ųԭȵϲƼеġ
ҫû߶ԼĽһۡ
һӾ͸߷ֵŭʮɡ
ţӣҳ
ô˰죬ֶˣҲӣš
ҫʲôҲɲˡ
ȥźش򲻿Ժǽָϲȥ
ӣӲҲš
ҫȻûнȴһ޵ͬͷ
ҧˣ޴¿ڡ
գҫֻܱ۵ߺߵĻԼҡ
ӣأ
ɽϲҩ
ԺǸõܵӣһͷˡ
̳ԭ֮ͶԴһûƷϵڴα˽ĸ޴ӿ̱Ѿ޳ȥĴýƼƼӡǲ̣ԭԴýҲûʲôøСýǸŮ
ôһѣûһġ
ҫڸǼߡ
ӣ˶ѿ࣬һ˭ҲŲ˭ҳЩƨ
ӣű¨ɽȥ
æŸԺǽӣԼҪæ˪̫¶źˣһû֡
Ժǽ̫ͷҵļҵĺʣµ˼Լҳ֮ģ˪Ҳ˼Ʒ꣬ʮһɣٶ˻һ
̫˪ӷӺ±ˣ̫ףɽϴҰͳϰײӣһһԲĻЩ˶ϵؼҡ
ֻǲǮģ˻ǺһɤӾüʮСϵҲʮңҰ㣬ܶٷˡ
ҲǮһһҰˣͷٸƬ±ƬӣһĴͷЩ˼ҹ궼Եúá
տʼЩ˻ɿ˪ûˣڶסˣǴƬӵζֱ˱̫꣬ӣʱĲˣϵǳԶģѬճҲ
ĽʵнҲ÷ͣƮôĶǡ
ʱ˪˵Ҫæ˪;ܾˣ˵ǸԺǽѣòôˡ
Щٻؼ룬һĴȾ;ÿˡ
ԭӺùᣬ̫ǺܴԭÿԼ㶫øȥ㣬ĺܡԺǽ£ǰҪ˭ſˣ̫϶ܾ
ˣһҲûɶϵõģھͳڣ̫̫һ㶼ƽϡ
صһֺ¾ûˡ
˼Լˣȥ˼ҲҪ˵㡣۰Ƭӳţðͣ͸ôһҲ۲ţλһ˸ӡ
ʱԶҵļҶڶϳӣԼ̫嶯
һǣӣԺǽǸϲˣǰĻ˻簡
˼˪硣
˪Ҳֱ˵ˣͲ鷳ˡʱҸӷǡ
ƣǣвȥû׼ˣ
ʻҲɵЦţ˵ǶʮŰǰɣ϶ȥæ
ǰͷͲ˵ˣ滹ǰѹϵ޸ɡ
һ룬˼ҶգĶҲġԼʶӵǺô࣬ϵܶϡ
ֵĹԺǽļ죬ӣһûæԼ
̫ĴĺܣҲųԣҪְæȴܾ̫˵ӣѧ˵ҽӿӣǸ⡣ӣЪţó־ȥתתʲôȥ˪˪
ӣѰ˼ԼȥҲϹ䣬Ҳû󣬹ȥҲǼ
ڳԵģ⼸ѾԵĹˣʱҲû
ɽɡ
ԼӣѾɽԼܴﵽķΧˣĸطһƬûɵʲôҩ
ӣű¨ҵһҶҶ·ʯͷһԳССɫʵֲ
ӣֲĹʵͬѸɴСͬɫĹʵԲ
ӣ⣬ʯżȻֵģֵʱֲѾɿݷƣ۳žͲˡ
ȪˮѰ˼ԿûЧֲûþͱ侫ĹҲˡ
ӣСʯժ׼õıֽСķŵ¨Ұʯ魣ȻʲôҩģΪʶ٣ҪãԼ۸񲢲ˡ
ӣţȵǣǲʱõȥˣɴʵȥʼۡ
ժ˹ʵ֮ӣֲֽ˵Ȫˮ
˵Ҳ֣ĩʱԹȪˮЩصֲϣЩֲͳͳûзӦǵȪˮֲﶼ᳤ĸӴ׳
ӳɣӣͷɽ￪һЩҩֲǤһԿ˵þ͸һƬĺҩأ
ӣժ˼ֲҩѭԼСߡ
ͻȻ۽һһֻʰ쵵Ķ
ӣһԭһֻɽ
ϲɽҰöһЩͺӡҰǵһμҰóԣҰҲϲɽԵмֻҲ类˴˳ԡ
ֻһֱɽϣû˴
Ұ裬˾һ·Ҫܣӣںͷ׷׷׷ģҰֱڵһôͷˡ
ߣҲýӣֻ̾
һΧӣɵˡ
ҰطȻһС
ӣȷһ·Ҳ·һ㣬֪СڵĴӵķΧ
СΧľԵĵ·ûУӣΧһȦûҵκ˳ĺۼ
⻹Ǹû˷ֵҰ
ӣһʯͷͷǳ
ӣһôĳҲǵµˮԴûأ
˵ԽʤطСϪģɽˮСϪﳣ걻ãϴ·ϴˮģСϪͷһЩƴСͲˣǴû
طҲûд󽭴Ҳٳ㡣µмطкӣ̵㣬ɺܶҲԲߣǼʲôҪĿҲȥ
ӣˮͰѱ¨ͿգԼͷĩٰѱ¨̶ã
ӣͼԼƽһĻ
۳Ĵ㣬ž¨
ֹһ
ӣĿɿڴһ˽¨ȻͷԵײһ͸ϽקⲻקаѾȥ¨ˣ
˴󾢰ѱ¨ӣͿ˸ߵı¨Ĵģŵʮ
֮ǿϲӣǲǾô㣬ôһûĳԺԴԴϵˣ
ӣԼѧĿģưҨ㣬Ұɵ
ȻﲻǶֻһȽϿСطḻʵ㡣
ӣװ棬ûԼ´οԴ˪һҲҪ붬ˣʱ˪ˣҲǶĴ
ӣܿ˻˼ңյſھͿ˪ſڵš
˵˶ˣӣҵԿ׻ֻһУ˪ĳ˹ӣھʵſڵš
죬Կ׸㣬Ͻţ
ӣû˸ڻиջؼҵҫڣǿǱһŻ׼µģҪԼһ¨㣬˵׼Ҫ֦ڡ
˪ʮĿţһ䶼£žͰӣϵı¨ж
ӣױһ~ѱ¨ɹ
Ķģ
Ū㣬سĻȥվ򣬵µĴӶд֧Ĵȥ˻
ǻҲô㡣
һ߽ˡ
ӣԼɽϷһҰ˵ˣʮֵ⣺滹иġ
˪ҿ㡣
ģĴʿ϶á
ӣ⣺һɽǶŪɹɡ
˪¸°ɣʱɽǰȥŪɶ㣬ڸ
ڳͷӣȫ˪ģϾ˼׵ġ
ãʱǶ̵㡣
֮ǰɿˣСˣһʮ㣬Щˣó촺С㳤
˪ָű¨ʣЩôԣ
ӣ̾뵽ɿڵǴ㣬˵ʲôȱĻǾȱǡʱ̫ˣԵĻ̿ڲˣһЩڡ
Ǵ㡭𣿡
˪ţ׼ѡһ㣬ô㣬һٿ϶ǳԲˣӣԺиףڸԾǡ
ܡ
˪һŻص¨Ҽҳ԰ɣ
ӣĵϻǰ̫ģȫҵĳﵹǸɫ뱸
ӣ붼û͵ͷð
Ӧ֮ź֪Լȥз
˵һȥء
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ϱĵףֳʵѸ㶨
˪ǿĲչʾһ㣺ⲻĶˣ˹С
˪ӣžϺеա
Ϊʲôգɽ׽̫˰ɡ
ҫڻˣæǰæһļ棬ϸϽһ׽ͷʣµļȫҫǰ
˳ϹڼҲˣȻѶӿأϻҪϸˡ
ҫڿԼֱߵļҲûˣϡﻩԼ
һߣԣ㿴۶ǴȰ
˳ҭһ£ﰵһСӣʵôˣѧУͣˣ
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ߥޣͷأҵȻ˵
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˽Ҹϸ˵˵
ҫһˬ죬꿴һ룬ȥ죺ٸһ롣
İ治ˣ⻹Լҽʣֻһֻȡ
һ˴Сӣ˼ɱԼֻܻȻ
ҫ˦ͷˣ˵裬е̫Сˣ»д㡣
Сжв
ϽӦۼ´ɱд飬ҶԵñģ
εļǼкõģⶡӾСһڣСҰģԸôС飡
˳ҫڽݣ˳˸ĶӣپԼⱲӺֵá
һҴйǸҸùȢϱʹˡ
ҫڷĺܣԼ趼ë͸ѾǸ˵ĲеӻܽԼסˣʵڲоһѾͷƬӣ֪ˡ
˳ﲻ֪ʲôεһ̬׼բסЩ뷨
ҫڣ֪ﲻԸ⣬ҲﲻԸ⣬ûˣһѾͷƬӣҪǻţ˵ˣǵø㰲ŹũѧġÿϵģȻʲô÷׸Ǽҡ
˳ʲôԣҲܽûþ͵ˣʱûҫڣҪҫǻѾˣߵ֮ܵǰѻ˵
ֵǷּˣֵܿûˣ֮û˹ĶӾֵܵĶӣ˹һҫڣҫڳϢˣҲֵܵһݹҲи
һӾûˣۼӱҲѹýչ˭֪ѾѾͷͻȻˣڷҪ˵׸еĻĶ󡣡
ҫѾһˣʱҲ嶯ȥķӣҸˤˣҲ˵ⷿӹң
˳üͷѳ嶯Ķ£Ȼ˵УС֪ͷ¡
˳ӻͳһֽһһֽҡ
ҫ˲۾ץ˳ʮּ֣Ķģ
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˳һղŻͶӣƣ֪ӣȥ˲Ÿô޼ɵЩ¸˵һ˵
£˵ӵĺܡʵʱӳ֮󣬲ûˡ
˳ʮǰľ£˵̵ģǽȥִʲôܰû˵˵ùƻҪط
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ֵûϢǴ⡣
ӣﳤĺãټ޳ȥҲ׵ĺܡûӣƾʲôռֵܵķӣ
һ룬ӣͰøˣҪʵĴ󲮣ӣ˵ĺڲִе񣬴ӳ֪ЩϢܵġ
ֻҪȥһ˹磬ͻ˸
ӣ˵ȷúõģ粻ʣҪиʲôһϾ飬˳Ҹʲôõš
ò˵⻰ŵ˳Ǽ꣬ѹ꣬ڽǷиӣ𡣾¶Էֱȥ״
ӣ߰ͷ˳ҽԼǮˣʱ廻˵طͲͨż
˳֪ҲɺϣǴССӣ׻׳ġ
ȻûţûžǺšҪûˣ϶ϢҲ¶
ӸãǸãӣﲻһôꡣ
ֱǰ꣬ʱ򵽴ģһӳžԵɣʲôϢҽȥ׻Ҳײҹȥޣ˵ǹ쵼˵ûˡ
˳Щ㱣Щ鷢ʱ·죬˵ȴǺܾǰ
Ҳ֪ǲǴ۵Ҳˣ·Ͼûˡ
˳ŶӵᣬԼ֪ĶĶܣȻ٣ȫĶࡣɼ˻ǲҪΪʲôߵĶȥܶԼǸССܹøá
ڿԼʬ嶼ָĶˣҾһѾͷƬӣԼȴǶŮ˫ȫԺȻѵ㣬Ƕȴǰ;
Ҹ˵Щǽи
˳⼸첢ǰװŹģǰ˼˺ü顣ž˺·ôߡ
³ǰʱңҲ֪ʿΪʲô
ұŸѾ˵ˣǰѷռˣҲûʲô˵ģӲڣչһŮҲûɶ˵ˣҽѾҵ˼ҳ˿ڷӵ㣬ֲʲôƹĹ
˳Ǵͷû·ǴЩ¸ıõġ
ǲˣѾ˺ˡ֪һȰȥ鷳
˳аѳӣҲʱ̼ǵøԼĺС
˺ˣǾͲӣҪǸͨ˻ãƫƫΪġӣ㲻Լͷӣڹǹźء
˳룬ǶΪˣӣִ󣬹ٰһУǼҾҪ˷ʲôãȥ෿
˳ŶٶǮԶӿģǮӣµģǸ͵ҵˮ׵£ǰҪ˵ҿǻʶģˣҲ塣ҲŰѱ˶֧ߣ˵Щ
˳ʵõ٣õǮһֶڶ˴뱲ӣͷһôǮ
Ŷ࣬ȴ
˳ϵĻ˽»͵Ӳ㻨ǮΪ˶ϸУʮǮȥͨ硣
ôһȵۿҪˣ˳ŷԼðˡ
û취ֻܴӣͷޡ
Ǯ浽ٶ࣬ټһʲͲʱ򣬾ͳһ£ֱӰĴ˸ϡá
˳ҧҧǮҪǲУǸбҵʱȥҸʱšѧأҪο϶ҲǰͷȵؼʱǾǮһѣת
ǮٵĻ͵ûڵϡ˳ţٿǮţʹã
ʱӱʸԼǮһʽȵ
˳˵Ŀģȴ˶ͻȻɫ
ҫɫڣǰͷӣһҵģˣû⣬ӻ˵öԡ
ӣô飬ȷʵʺ֡
䷿µӣʱֱӽǵˣַӣ
ȵ˳˵Լڹؼʱһѡҫˡ
Լ˵һֱԼѧУúѧϰţʵ֪ԼѧУǸʲôӡ
ѧУһ࣬鱾µء
ҫҲֱӸ˵Լʱ
Ҫ֪ڸ٣йĻȥʱһ㶼ʮþȡ
˵ԼϣǵǶŻῼϰ
ҫڶĶٶǮ֣ҾҪİ취
תĿ죬϶뵽Ǯİ취
ȥ
˳üͷ壬֪Ӳʱ𣬵λͷʱǸ۵ĻٵǮ
۵Ŀһ۶ӣûҪڣ־ǻȥƤҲܽ㣬ڡ
ұ϶˸һ㣬Ǯý裬˵ˣٿǮ˭ܽ赽
ŬŬǻдűҵأʱû׼¡
˳ѵӸӽˣҲȵ࣬ǰûģﻹңŪ˶ꡣ
¶ӻˣ˳̬ƽͺܶࡣ
ǮţѧУżٻһ£ŻԵõĺù
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ֻϴһԼٵ·ͷӣϴĸɸɾһҩһԼɽŪĸɾ
ҵſúܿ죬˾ŲԶһ
ŵ̫ЦЩ塣
ӣѾͷˣ
̫ǹӣСӣģӣܼľܾзСӣܸоԼһҪóƿʼװˡ
ӣԼݳȥԼһҩǰҿԣοԵġ
⣬һҩ񲻴ԣ
̫һİͶʮȻҾϲĽӹȥ̫ϸˣ
̫ûҩأ̵룬ԼȻеϱԵģ㿴һģôõġ
עĺ£
ӣ߽ҾŵһζζڿƮǴ㣡
ָ̫˵С۶ͷղأǲҴתת
ӣſˮİĿŤת
̫ӣְҵķǺġ
ļ䷿ӣǸߴϷӣ߷߷ҵĺܲһҵĶģӿžưܷ绯䣬ϵĵ񻨶ʮ־ϸǽҲάĺܺá
̫߶ͷʱǵģΪӣжɸũˡ
ʱӶڳ˼ҸɻģǩڱѹĶŸ˺óɷ֡
䷿ӵĸֱһ壬һƫﰲõҲãƫǴſͷ
̫⿻ǺõģԭС۶˵ظҲԸ⣬ͼů͵ĲˡС۶ͷˣҲŪһûס
ӣе㲻֪ͷҡͷҲ̫Զˣ֮Ŀǵˡ
Ҽһпģͨͨá
˵ɡ
ǿɺãʵ䣬ˣһ۶˵ඨú
úйú֤úԼȥúҲжࡣ
ӣͷҲǼ̳ԭ֪֮йڶ׼ʵǺӡµʱ䣬ԵĺȵĻյģʮһ֮¶ææµµġ
̫ӣߵΨһһשһǺǵģһǵģС۶˵ʹˣǸеסߺõ㡣
˵ӣߵſھͿ˪ˡ
䣬У˪ΧΧȹרעæµ
ӣû˪̨ǰһּȵɳڣȻѸ˾ͺɳڣ·սҲ̨
̫С۶ԼŪԹԣҲû˵ԼðôĳأͷҪŪֵϱһˡ
ȻҲǸֶ뱸˪ӣͷµİһѶ
̫ǲģǳӣ˼Ǯ˼ģǾϸӦãЩͷԸ˶ܳԳûϣǲ˼ӡ˪ȥϣʵûҪ
̫ͶԼҲͶ񡣵¾ԼҲԲʲôûǸʲô𡣸˵˪żһЩˣһǴ졣
̫⣬ѵã˲Ǻ׾УİŪزˣ˭ϡóԿڰײ˵ôã
ӣҵ˺á
ˣʩչĿռ䰡ȻôĺóԵģѵͿһڹ
̫ͬӣ̲סզ࣬ȻأԼԭСǴջģ֮ܲϣ
лл£ŽС۶ôһϱ
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̫Űգ˼ҵһţĶн˶ֵ
һ۶ӣ̫Ͻӣ¡
ϲǴ㣬һľҰ⣬һ峴ѿ
ܷʢʱҲܹˡ
˪ûôӣƺǶӣۡ
óԣ
Ǵθⱻըĸ߸βͣǽɫľӨ֭ѩ׵պŽ֭ԣζֱǣζҲ㡣
˪ǹҪҪ׷
ʳ࣬ҲûУ˪ϲֹͷһ׷
Ҫ
ӣͷ֭׷ϣһ룡
һӴͣӣɹԼιˡ
˪ؼңߵһ룬ӣ
ˣ׼ˣǺȥɣ
˪ȻӦһѶҪ׼ҲʱȥʦҪƱˡ
ӣú棺ô˼ʦͽТô
˪鶯һ£˼ҵͽܱȲҡ
ӣ
ǰ֣ڿôˣ
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ӣ
˪ͷҴȥҵʮĸʦֵܣʦֻһͽܣҼʦرϲͽܡ
ˣһӾţʦӴ
Ȼ˪һܵǰ棬סӣſǻӰ
ҫڱŤס첲ɤӺӣ


19 
ûе, õ͵ƣҹɫǿӰģӣ, ˪Ťס֮, ҫڵĳࡣ
ô˵أͺ
ӣЦҼſڸأ
һ㲻˪˷ſ
ҫҧгݣңԼſڹ䣬ƨ£
Ȼ˳Щȥˣͬʱ־ԼѾٿǮǮ, ҲûôҪ, Ҫسǵģ

ƺ, ǾûƺӲһӡ
ҫڶӣӡͣǰ˾ˣ˸ɻػ˵˵ӣˣҫڻǲΪȻ, ܱ䵽Ķȥ
˵, ԼԲҪļҵֳɵһҪġ
ˤ¡
ҫھ, ԵľͲ˵, һ, Լǰӣæӣô˵ҲҪԼһ㡣
ӣſ, ӣú
ҫڶ, ҲҪ, ˵˪Ϊ˳ɷ׸, ͹ӣҪʮ顣ӣò, ˪С
ʮ飬һҵжʱվͷһأ
ûͱ˪Ťסˡ
ҫڸо첲Լˣ۵˪ǸӣϾе㹦ҲݡӲĸ첲Ťһ˶ơ
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ҫڿ˪֣ӣҲеš
˵£ҷſˣ
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ҫҧҰ˵ڸǷּˣȻֿˣøҶʮǮ
ӣһţû˯ѻǺͷˣƾʲôʮǮ
ҫǿͷֱ̧׳ƾʱˤ裡
ӣһѾĿˣԭʱԭ޵ͷԣʲô˲á˳ûҫվͷһˤԭԼһǻûĿռ䣬̶˳ŵģѹǰȥ
ҫھȻ˼ó˵
ӣʾ˪ſҫڣʮǮûУӵСٵǰ˵ЩģҾӡ
˷ѿ࣡
ҫڵֱŤôһ۵ĲУðźӰӣô˵ĺܣǱ粵ңʱҪңˤĶûУ˶˵òңûˡҪң类ָż˵Т˳ˣҪʶ㣬Ӧðҵ׵ܵܡڱĲҪˣҪʮǮ
ӣúЦҲôţ
ҫڣ㲻㲻Ҿ͡
ҫһ飬˳ĻԼҪǮˣûϸԼʲôҪЮӣ
ҫʶƣҪû˪ӣͷһ䷴ͰѰƺȥˣ
ʹ򵽸
˪ڣҫھַȥԼֱ
ûҪЮӣֶΣӣɰһҵš
ӣҳ˳˵󲮣һӳƤϵģСģôţͷǲϵýҲҼſһһ㽲ףǷҼҵˣûס£Ӧлллˡ»õˣƢɱҲӡ
ӣ˪ԼһѵһͰѴŹϡ
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˳˵䣬ȥĨҩˮ
ҫڵͷ˳ջ˵һ䣺˵ˣ¡
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ղӣǻʲô˼ʲôûꣿ֪ԼµǮ
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˳ƽֻҪû֤ݣӣ֣ô֣Ǯûдӡǣ˭˵Ǯӣģ
˳룬ǸϽѶӵĹ䶨ֻҪӽ˳ǣ˸ﵱţԼʱҲܴŽǡֻҪһԶԶģӣԺٷҲ˵ˡ
ҸһǽʵĲ
ӣ˪ԼңŶһһ֮⵹ûʲôҪϢ
˪ԺǽϣӣʻǰǸһ㶼һ
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˪ӣźҴʵ
Դ˪˳ǿһٿ飬ӣͻȷˣԭ϶µ㶫ȻƾƽƽôһӾͳһ٣
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Сʯͷ˵ӣԺɹ˿ɶҩء
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ʱһ˭ӻʲôҪ£ֻһǳһȥڴˣһܸϡ
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ӣڱҵˣҲ࣬¹Ӧý͸ŵģҲ֪ǲʲôˡ
ӣиôһͣҲףԭʿŮͷڹǶǿŴġ

ӳҲȥ
иһϲǾְӣͣǳҽڰݹ۴ֻܸһʱ䣬ʣµĻ㹤֡
ҲӣڴϣҪȥϹģȥ׷Ҫ۵ⲿ֡
ӣǼ֣ȥҸʳõĵضһ٣ٶٲͲԸȥˡ˵ˣԭģҲͦã
ŤŤϺɽȥɵҩģҲöܡ
иϲɣһͷ֧£㵽һ顣
ǮֵʲôӣÿοҲոһëëģڼҩĵ㡣һҲǮúõĻ͸ӣģһʮҲõ
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ӣӦˣž˵ԼҪȥسиš
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ӣѾͷҸǮȥҽԺһƿҽþƾ
ϹǸ쵰ѴӰ칫ҵҽþƾˣýд
㶮ҪǿʲôҪðҩҲ㣬Ǵǰİ˽Ҳˡ
иòҽģҪ
ӣȥһ۰칫һʣҩøСֽƬд˼ҩи⼸ò䣬ʣǽõģҲϡ
ивӦʮǮٲĻȵ棬Ҹ㲹
ӣýţĶܲ
⼸Ǳ˵ģٹҩͲˡ
ӣߣиеơ
ѾͷҼ񲻻ҽɣզҩƬ
ˣأ϶Լѧ˵ġ
ӣ˸磬ţ˪Ѿſڵˡ
ʲôʱģôţô糿˵仰ð̣ͷȡӣϣһߡ
˪ӻͳһֽûá
ӣֽڵһ
óԣ𣿡
˪ϾɫˮݸӣԹˣͷװǶ
źڵģŴĿڸУźе΢ƫǡк˴ķ͡ҲڵģĶζ
ӣһӣһڶԺ˶ˡ
ôȥ
˪ָͷ·
Ϊسǵһӣϵ˽Щгȥˡӣ˪վڱϣźüгʻ
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سǵİ೵ֻһһˣҲ̫ˡԼ϶سܣгҲ㡣
˪Ҳƫгģ־ԼõĶ࣬ӣڼи㡣
ȥгʦûбƱ
˲£ֲ
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ʱİ೵ԺĲû׵ͿװǾɫģλ࣬ճƬطվšȻ˸ϲȥ
ʱʱ仹磬ŵӣɳѾվˣе˻ŻѼͷɪɪһů;ͿʼϹڣëѼë߰Сֱ޴½š
˪ӣߣƱŮͬ־ͷϽģ󼷼һëǰ³ˡ
˪ëǮȥ󼷣һĿյϣ˪ֻһţӣ档
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˪ȻôվŰɣվһǶûλӡ
˾ʮ·һɲͣ¡
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ȻͰͷߺȣûһˣǵվ·м䣿
һŮСܵǰŴݺ³ţҺŽͣǲͣŸҿҪǣ
ƱԱ۸ڶģôͷ𣺡ɶ˰᲻ú˵
ŮҲãɤžͺ㲻Ҿվ·ȥΪģզģҲ񣿡
سƱԱ鲻ԸĴ˳ţŮ˸ʤ̵Ĺһֺ˳
ӣ˪ĸ첲˿˸ϸ
룬ȻǸˡ
ͷٲǰַӯİ𪣬Ƶգ촽ΪƤžǸ΢һũ帾Ů˲˺üꡣ
˳һ߸ƱԱëǮһ죺ɶóҪëǮ
ƱԱۣ˺һƱ
˿ûԼʲôԣҲûһ˶ԼҸطһӾ͵ת
ӣקһ˪ӣʾ
˪ֻǿһ۾ƿ䲻䣿
ŴǺãǴ©磬ҲŶôӣҡҡͷ˺ܶ࣬Ҳԭһֽű
Ǹɣ
˪һܱ߼綼һվ
ĹҲа೵Ǽ೵еƣվسΧԱǶһվš
˵СϤûһͷǡ
ɴ۾ֲһ㣬ݺ࣬ȷǱһ˪ӣ
᣺
ԴӼ޵Լ֮ûĹͷ飬治֪ӣ˪Ѿһˡ
էһ棬Ǿŭӣ·ӣռԼʲôһķŭžһƬã
Ÿӣ˪һԣǲԼûжͷ˺ܶ仯ƵԼֻܱš
ûԼϣȻһˣ
޲ĴȺڣ˼Ȼ˵ԼǲжԼԭ뷨ܳˣ
ô
ӣı飬ſ˪ʣ˵Ǹʲôȥ
˪ӣȦڻȻ˿˶ǱסˣӲŻش𣺡֪
ӣִһҾǽȥ
˭ûֻһյĴ󲼿ڴŲǽʲôҪ£Ҫȥɹʲô
ʵϣӣµĵǻû
ȷʵǴǮǵģ޽Լʱ䣬ĽҲǺù
ǸƢҲǺദģճ̸ɵģ沼ƽǵϡһڣ˰飬ʱȻ࣬ճҲǸСϡ
ϱӳûǮȷʵûôܹġ
Ҿ˪ûˣû沵£Ҳӣžǵҵġ
˪ÿµĹʽһȱԺȡ
ԼȫȻͬһ˵һԾԾĽҲķһ黨ð
ԼҼ˵ĻĴֲڣȻжֵ࣬ʳ࣬治кӣ䷿ÿ춼ߴߴģԷʱ궼ʮ
һ꣬һ꣬ǸϹܣò۵ĶţǸ߸·ȵûͻˤһӡ
ӴԼӮͷչҲʮ־ġ
ֻôһְ沵ۣ沾Ǻչ˺ӱԼչ˵ĻģﲻǼϱ͵ˣ
ǣ沶ӵճᣬôһʱ䣬ԼĲӡ
νسǣǼĴӵ£żﺢӶ࣬ʳԣԵóʱȥʳ
˵ڴﻻҲʹãԼҵ̫̫ʵ̫ʧܣûģԸȥĴֵıٱ
ֻǽسǣҵ㡣
ⲻǸ񣬽سǾͲ˵ˣԶۣиأ÷űץˡҪǣس±˿ߣԼһ·߻
䲻ͷϣƫƫ֮以༷ң˴ɩӣɩͺŪԼ˰˦ˡ
첲ϻŵ£Լҵĺ·ǰһ£ԼϷûк·
ٿǱߵӣ˪һЩӣҲž·ء
ɼ˪Ҳûá
ϱӵ£ԼôԼԺ׸ӣԺֻܵƳӵţ¡ȵԼ߷˼ңԺԾܷƣⱲԾתҵӿ϶ù
ȥسǵһ·ûȹˡ
ֱ˳ӣΪ˵˵طֻǸ߸Ƴ˪һ۾ˣӣĪ
˪Ǵ¨ӣӣȥʦǶԹȥ磿
ӣν԰سǲ죬ȻǸ˪߾ǡ
˪ű¨ӣһǰһ·ߣҲʱɫˡݴ˵֮ǰسǿŮһ·߱ץȥģ˵ûн֤ǸЬ˵ץȥ˾ҪؼΡҪͨλ
ԴϵŮŮӶǸ߸ģûֹһӣ±·ĺ乿ᡣ
˪ӣһ·ߵһƬͰӣ˳ҵһԺӡ
˪СӣܣһƬķԭȶʦģʦͰѷӾˣԼֻһԺԺҲס˼ңǹӪʦġ
˪ʦг¶ǰСүǳģðļҵҲࡣͰԼҵĲҵȫˣԼСسǹӡⱲľһڳԵģȻմջ͵ĲС
ӣĿǰĴԺӣԺǷĺԺģ᷿ǰͷȴûֻһӰڡǰԺܿһӰڣӦԺ
˪ӣһ·ߵһһ·ӣԺɹ·ſڵú򣬻Ժһõˮء
˪ʦһסں䣬һӪ굱ӣûнҲûӡ
ߵſڴһͷ
ͷûͷ˸ͷһϲ࣬۽ǴЦƣҲʮҲʮҪ˵ʮҲ֡
ϣ˵ϲȵУŽ͸пڸˣ
ͷһ˪ǡô֨ѽһ˵Լࡣ
ͷ۷Ź⣺ͽܣôпң
˪ӣδޣ¸¶ʮŽ飬˵һ¡
ͷýã㣡ʮϯ治
˪ޱ飺ڣҲ˭ɽ鵱ȥ׵ģ
ͷʧӣǡҸϯģ
˪УҪҰĶ㻻Ʊ
ͷ˿ûеʦ֣˵˵ʲôôһ˵žͰһֱű¨
˪֪ԼʦǸʲôԣֱӰѱ¨׼õĶó
δ޸͵㣬֮ǰɹĸɲˣǺľ
ͷĲˣãžͺóԣˡ
ʱͷԼͽܵδҲڣϽкͷ֣йӣԼץųԡ
ӣΪʲôղ˪ĸԼһ䣬˵ʦⱲûëϲԣһҪе㵡ϣϡ
ô֣Ѫѹ
˪ʱҲõ磬ҲԼʦǸʲôˣɴΧΧȹȥˡ
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ͷʮӻԾľ𣺡ͷݱ
˪û㡭ӣôԣ
ӣŶ۰Ͱ͵ͷЦ˵ͷݱɡ
˪Żȥ׼㡣
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ӣ˵䣬˫࿴֮ġ
ͷ͵͵ӣСǰҲ˵
ӣ
ô˵أ˪ȷʵ˵ԼǰԲĮ˵Ļ˵
һͨﴫζŨ
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ͷžͲ󽡿ʳӣǿ˪һҪõƱҲøѰǲʲôë
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¶ǺһЦ֪ҶʮٲԾˡȵҳζʱ򣬽ҳҶԲ£ԻóڶԼڡ
ӣԼı¨﷭ҩݸˮȡƢθѪѹġ
ͷʲټʮ̬ͣԶԶҪȼɿҪӣҲΪˡͷ󣬾Ҳ࣬˪꣬˵˪ͲͣӣҲ̸
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ӣӱպԣζۣӱ󣬻֮ԵøζŨӱӱ֭ͷҪˡ
һ㣬˳ԣԵͷĶӶԽԲʣµļ㻹صµԡ
ӷȥͷһƱ߹
㿴ҪʲôƱ
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ƤЬƱûȥӣѾͷ˫СƤЬسǵСǶô
Ʊȫ߰ɣҲá
ǹҵƱҲ֪զģԼȥʡ
ȵӣ˪ʱ˪Ѿ˸ָļʮƱ
˳һ£ȥҽԺչվӣļҩˣȻȥ
û߶ԶͿֽǲԶһ֡Ա߼Χ۵˽
üһ¶ڼˣզֿʼץͶˣ
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ЩһͲسǵģͿľܡҲʱ䡣
Ͻ߰ɣʡĽжۡ

ӣ˪Ҳӿ˽ŲͶ£˵سˣ϶٣ǶͶܣЩ˼һԼСȥΪľ±ϡ
ӣ˪첽뿪ʱͶŤһͷҵŮˡ
˵ͽᰡأ
ҲûУ˻ģ΢һܣ㻹˵㲻Ͷѵģ
ȥǲǻӡ


20 
ȷʵûдų, ûɰܸܲ˵ԼϺеİɣټ, ΪϱӼг֮, ǶʱĽֹ˽ΪȻ
ԣ͵Ӳͦţûžܳˡ
һ㣬ԺгţץĲϡ, ϴǮͿڴеŮ, ΧЩǸࡣ
ⲻ, һ죬ᳵ·һɢǰŵŵأЩũƷ, ҲĸϽѶһ, ҸС굽ϡʵģ˵Լǽ, Ҫô˵Լ˭˭ҽԺ͵㶫
Щɢ, ܵҲץ˼, ֻܰԼƫƫͷ࣬ܵĲҲץˡ
һ, Ҳû, ͷû֤, ֤, ֻǰ˴ȥʡ
ᶼ, һ˵ԼǾɩӣ˽ʲôǸų
˵ãһ˵͸⣬һŮͬ־ץסʲôѱţ˵ӣŪ˭أžͲģΪҿӵĸ㲻һ
ϽĿڣ˵ԼǺ裬ǰ򲹶˾йһӱǲȥ˵ǸʵͶҲˣ˿϶д⣬ȹ˵׼סһӣҲͶһݹ͡
ôͶҲͷϵǻ֪ͨͬǰ·
ӶתˣôҲ벻ԼĵһȻǱͶץˣһ£ƫƫ⸱̬Ǳ֤Ϊʲô顣
ȶɱɱӵ
˪ӣ˿֪ĵù£һǰһģȥһҽԺ
˪˵ˣؾҽԺһҽԺһҽԺľǸҹӪԼҽԺڵС֢ڳڵҽԺ֢ҽԺ͡
ҽԺ棬ҽԺҽ㣬õĺö඼ҩҲҽԺҩҩЩ̲֢ľϲȥҽԺҩûȥ
ӣȥҽԺΪʱǴϳ¹ʣ߶ǵһʱȥҽԺӣҲҽԺġ
˵ҽԺ棬ӣ˪ᳵ·֮ǰӻЩƣôطô죿
˪㲻ĺзּطеǿ飬еڳǱߣҽԺ߶ġҽԺͷ˵ĺӵģҪԵõĲףʱϡ
ӣЩĿһ˪֮ǰ˪µǮǺͷܵģû뵽˪ô͸Լס
˪ʾǰһӵϸˣȴȥ˵ǵһģ붼ǡ
ȻϸģʱһŻͷ̫
㰡˵ˣզأǼСӣͷɶƷѲ
ӵ̫ϣɶⶼԼµļһʱʮӲģɶˣµ
ͷ̫ƿӿ£ϻ˵ţ⼦ͷҼС¿пڸˡ
̫ǿɲۼСǶţҼǵǶʮ˰ɣ
Ķأʮ
̫ʮɻеС
ͷСˣҸֶŮӶʮĲҪӡ
̫ҾûǶʮã˵ˣģﰡ
ͷݺģ˵Ķԣ߰ɣҴȥС硣

ӣĿɿڴ̾Ͷǻ޾
Ƕ˶Ǯ
˪ӣҽԺߣʮһ塣
ӣզࣺҲˡ
㲻һëǮˡһһ˾ŷ֡
˪ˣͻһ㡣
߽ҽԺ˪ҽԺǰͷշѵĴʵͬ־ҽԺҩĸң
շѵﱾʮֲͷ˪һųɫԺˣߣͷǸ򡭡
˪ʮȻסӣ־ߣ·Ҫ־룬ҽԺû˹Щ
ӣȻ˦һ¡û˦
˪Ȼ˵ҩĲȫóһȥҽԺʣҲһȼ۸񡣡
š
Ǹϵͺͷô˵أӣͺܿסӣҲӣԼҩ̿
ãԼҩģôա
ҽԺרˣüĿˢһ͸оЩҩĴĺá
ҳϺǣǼѪ٣ζӣʯԼŪģ
ӣͷǴӵĳҽ
Ȼû࣬Ѿôӳ׿ϵĳҽ
֣ղԺҪǻУͶ͵㡣
ҽԺҩԴйͳһ䣬ƽʱʹûȱڵģټЩҩҲϸеĿɲϲ⡣
ҽԺôȱ۸һǮһʯ㣬㶼ˣҸʮһԺʯҪʲô˲ߵ㾡ͣ۸ҿԺ쵼롣
ӣһԶԷļ۸ȻߣҲûͳԤڡΪҽԺ߶һЩȽصĲˣԷȻǶЩҩԴҩЩ
õġ
һҩӸӣȥǰĲǮɡ
ҩܣһʮ塣
ӹǮһ̣ӣ˲ɲ١
ʱǻ˪Ǯʵǽе
ָȥһҽԺҽԺļ۸ҽԺҽԺȻǶЩ۵ҩûô
ҲǣҽԺҪˣҽԺһͣܲپһȡ
ҽԺӣ˲٣׬˶ʮëǮ
ߣȥ磡ӣ
˪ﺬЦȥسĹ硣
صܹ磬һضΣԶѧУ͹ǰ·Ҳ
ӣ˪սȥӵ
ֻһ㣬ռȴһǴʲô÷˵Ĺ̨Ȼ壬ۻԱ̨һһ죬ɱⲻá
ͷƱҲδ򵽴˼Ǯܲ򣬾ǮƱȫҲõ˼лгĵطϿտյǵء
ŵķһ࣬Ҳų̂Уһ۸Ҳࡣ
һͷˮƿĵطˣӵĸǼ̨·һط
ҳߣҪڶǸɫ
ͷǸҵñӸҿ
ЬЬûСģ

ۻԱɤŻش⣬˶һѷ伷ǰ档
ӣ£˪ٰ̫ܼ˸զ죿
˪ᳵ·ȰʦƱͷһŻƱȥ
ֱƱ̫ϡˣֱֵֵƱ˼ңҲ϶ͲǮԾ͵ֱƱĺ١
ǻڲʱˣиԣ
ӣνиܿʱĶ϶ǺãʲôֱģҲ⡣
аȥ
ֱļ۸ߣļ۸Ҳû͵Ķȥһʼۣ˵ҲҪʮ顣
˪ӣӣžҪǿʮġ
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ӣ룬ҲǣͷޱҲǸˣ̫鷳˵ģеȵģʡϻ
ۻԱһ߸̣ǻеĵģ
Ҳɵ˼Ȼĺá̾һʮĲסڵĿ䡣
ӣ黳ԲԲͷмƣҲԼǾɡ
˪ǮƱֱӰѻݸӣҿʲôСë
ӣİѻڲϣô
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ӣȻսе㲻ȻҲеȣûɣ
˪ַû⡣
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˵Ťȥг̨ӣҲ֪ԼǸϻţ̲סղ˪չӡ
ۻԱڱĽǸսɣžͰ䡣
ۻԱˣ۵Сڣǲֶܱܿ߿˰Ƶġ
ӣ˼һҲýͣ˵û飬ŪûýһͨҲ죬ƺûҪ
˪Ƭ̼ͻˣõг˵ǺܵһҰƱǮˣһ˰ѳȥС
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Ϊ˪ֱǴļʮƱȫˣ
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˪ŹҵƱ̨ŹҵƱһˮƱв
ҲۻԱǵһСȨЩƱֶ鷳ǹҵƱͨõУҲУĳУȫҲУĳضĹҵƷҪԿڵƱʱֻм䵹Żһ
˪ƱʦģضҲͨõģ͵û˲á
ȵ꣬ӣֱѾһܽζĴɫˮһ˫ƤζСƤЬõĴŵëɫףһɫĲ
ŶвϹŵĻ
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˪һ飺֮Ļͷ뻹ûʲôȱģʱг
ӣľȻƱȫˣ
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ñӣӣǻǮǸ֪˲ˣ
ǿ׶ܳĻ׶һ͵ôʮ
ʡ㻨ɣֲôţñҲòϡ
ᵽ㣬ǽӣԼĴ㣺㻹йҵƱ𣿡
˪˵㣺š
ӣˣ͸˼ۻԱɡ
˪һָ̨ͷֵͲʣǸǮ
̨ϷŵĴֵͲһװĵݻǰ׳Ƶĵݣžͺء
ۻԱһʮ
ֵͲأôﭹӣԲִͲõĻǴŵһŵء˵£ҲûС
ӣ۵ĺܣɻ¶Ҫ
ҲǸ˪һ֮ŷ֣ԭ˪һֱסڹӪģشϵʱ䲢̫࣬ԼҲãĶȵûʲô¡
Դ֮˪˰ҹţ̫ϾˣֶųɷֲõĴӣ˪Ҳ˹Ҳ硣ÿشסٸȥϰࡣ
ٰСʱɽ·ߵļѣġ
ӣ֮ʱһˣӣ͵Եġ
ӣиֵͲɽ·ܰȫ㡣
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˪һֱûղǮʱǻһ£ƫƫӣȥˡ
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С۾еĿ˪ô˵ҲЪˣԼϺȥ
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ٳʱһӼӲӵ֭ǸӾһӾͽ˶ĲС
һ¶ǣ̰ʼ꣬ӣɡ
˪ʳҲСӣ뻹󣬱͵ľǮ֮һ
Ա㣬ͷɫҲˡ
˪͵ӣɽ·ؼҡ
·ûˣֻˣ˴˵ĺ
ӣûһղǸеͽܣ
˪ֻӣ֣ղų˷ţ˾ơ
ǣǵİġ쵼˵Ҵ
һ겻ָһӹ͸˪һиʲô٣ܲõץϹɣ
ӣͼ²⣺쵼ݣ
˪ǡ
˻ԼģǳбҵѧأԱҲ֡
Ǻ˿Աûˮûǵںг·Ͱ˪䡣
˪ûʲôøУͷݹʦģҲԸԸ⡣
ѧ
˪ֱӸ¶
˪ԼĺͷָŸѬն꣬ԼУǸʦ¶ղô֪ʶḻˡ
˪ôЩҲԼĵá
ǽлԾС۾ϻʵ˻۶ࡣ
˪ЩĶúƫƫûˣ˪ģ˽
˪ڵЩеһЩ̸ˣ±ˮԼķӣֱ±Сɽҳȥ顣ٶģҲѧ
ӣź֪ӦڵİɣȻһӸ¼٣
˪꣬󡣡
лԾС̫࣬ͲϲҲãлԾԼԿ
˵ˣҪˣĶܸսͷֿ£
ӣŲԼһееĻ⣬
˪ƺЦһ£ȻʹֵͲ
ΧһƬǰǹâյص̹;
ӣ˴ӳҽ£ûʹ
ϵ˴Ϊ¼֡
ȥҾ˵Ѿͷã㣬˭㶯㿴˼˪죡Ǹ˳ɷ֣ӻŸǮϱ
ǴϺڲһȺ
ӣѾͷԣʱǵģҲѧǴǲҸڴӵĳŴˣĲûֹģ
ôᣬваǴӳѼϼܣǵֵİɣ
ôأҿǰиֵĶˣȻʱѩȥҴ򣿡
Ǵϴ˵뷨
ͷ˼ࡣ
ȾǸڵ˳ӡ
ĭɣǸС潸ҪǻῴҰժߣ
ƹˤҲҫڸ갲οҲǻȥˣһȺŮм䣬˵˵л顣˵Լҵ£ҧ˵ӣǶ
ƫƫһȺǴò˵ҲǲĵġиҲܰ˸ɣֻȥ
Ⱥ￴ӣҲû˳۵ģԼҵҵˣ˸ɷֵĳһңȺӣΪ뾭ѵˡ
ǣܿɶܵ𣿡
иӣзˣӣСʯͷ壿
ɲǣҾ˵Ѿͷ۶࣬ǰŶͿʼ¡

һȺм䣬ڮӣĻжˡ
ҲǼˣҪôǱӣŪˣҪôв
ָ˶׵ʲôûɫ
˳ͷӣŴЩԾġ
ɲûӵˣӣбҵɷ˪ܻӰһ㣬еġ
ôɳŴˣ
뵽Դ۶ûԭ
ӣҲʼżһͷȵ˰ҩ
ʱǸðӣõľ͸˵ҩȣӺãð⣬ҩһֿӲðּģǾǰ˽
ӣҲ֪˽ҩٹʮ˳ʷ̨ˣ̫˰ղ׳¡
ӣǰƬ˵öԷ͵ԣûþͽٻȥ
ҩƬԷ
Ҳӣϱ֪£˵һ˰Ѱ˽ҩЩ˼ҾϲҩƬܵСðҽֱӸӳ԰˽
ϱСҩĲһҪϷء
и˼죬ӣȷʵĺϵҲͷ
ָӣ˵˴м˼Ҫע⣺Ӽҵﻳˣ£Ӧܿżȥһ۾͵áǵ̥ⲻ󡣻ˡҲ㿴С
ÿ궬죬ũ嶼ĸ߷ڣҲ˵˭Ҳ𲻹ˣ˱͵ӲһڼżһˤҲ²ţ΢һ·ҲҪ
иѹӣ
ӣиüѩ죬ˤһҲǴ⡣ˣ͸Ѱ졣
и߶ǴӵĸŮνŶӽˣµĸŮûҪȻǴһˣȥǴϵĸŮͬ־
ŴɲǿʱҪϸŮġ᲼иŮθŮԱ
ϣиܸҲò͡
ӣû£ҹԼȥС
ˣǺӸٳʱ䣬Ҳܰѳܶʱ䡣
иӣĺܣѵϱе飬ȥ
ӣȵĺܣҽģⲡˣһǴë
ӣͷæʱ˪ҲسǣгˡһȥûڶŸϡ
гش죬ֱ˺䶯
ʤߴӣһг
ӳиûУ
˪гһ·ﵽӣſڣһС΢ĺӻ˼Сǲںð⡣ȥȴ˪
ĳˣʵĳܣðŹꤣ˭˶۲
˪һеӣгҲ˵򡣡

Ǹӣģզֱﵽӣˣ
׸ģӣҲǸԼ
Сӣ׿ɷû˵ġ

ӣѣõгһʮۡ
žˣͷȥǣ
ʵӣ˵˪ǵ㡰С·г϶Ƿܶࡣ
˪
ӣԼ˳ҽҲ˾ǵĽڡ
ӣ룺Ǿ¸ȥһˣҩĵȥ
ø¾Ǯܵҩģ·ɽɽϾϲȥˡ
˪ã
˺ͺģڱﶼð䣬Ψиڵ˳ӣؿڵ¶²
ӣԽԽãĵԽԽ
ĭ˳ĹǺ
ˣгҲģǸϽܵϾҪˣ
ҲǴϵĹǳʳĵطÿ궼ȰʳϽֵһֹԵǰȵٷһ
Ϊ˾صʳ֧ҲǴΪ˷ֹЩ˼ҲƻʳԹ⣬˶ɽǿɾֻܶˡ
и˻ʮŷʳ
ʳϾ͵һˣɽȥҰͬʱʱҲǸҸæܲʱ䡣
Ҫտ𶼵ñ㡣
Ǳģֻʡãʹյȥ̿ϻԼտ
˵̿Ҳò̿õϰ
ģҲľڿϹһҵĴţΧŻϹ׻ҲǶҪĻˡ
˳궬㣬ʡŵáѵͶ㣬ҫڻҪġ
֣Ǯ
˳֪겻ԼǮףû˹֣Լһ֪ڷΪ֣Ҳռ
Ҹã
˳˶ʮꡣõʱĶڶӾֻһٰʮˣ
̾ҫڵĹô䰡
˳꣬ӣǸ˪˳˳
˪»ɴѽĶһð죬̿ʮģ̫жһ룬һжӣҵ
Լһܣһ̼ҼֵܽɽĺͰ˵ĸ˾ְһӾŪĲ
Ĳȫ̫꣬Ͱȥˣģʣ¾ͳŶû
̫˻޻ӣ׵޿㡣
죬ӣ𴲾ʹ˸飬ģžҪѩˡ
˪㻹ţѩҲ²󡣡
ʮһѮĴѩҪ¸ˡ
ӣ˪һ˪ΧΧʵʵͷסԼҲһһ˫۾档
˽ǽȥǵģĶ˪ȫŲˣҾ¸ھܰԵĶҲȫʣµľǻϵ˺ǿ顣
˪˵ⲻżӻҪɽҰʱҰԼǮֵܶ㣬ټϵϷֵ⣬͹ˡǽ̫Ǵ׼Ǳߴֲ˵Ķࡣ
ʣ¾ǿӣǽãҲá
ӣֲ˪¿ڴг˳磬ɿ͵سǡ
ϽõǴ඼ǳıǣ࣬΢һľְɫӲǣسõĶĶǸɫӲǿ飬ڳҲÿ
ٹǾûˣʲôǣϺǣⶼǮ˼ȥ庢ӵġ˳Զá
˪ҲûۣǺͰɫӲǶ˵㣬ɫҲ㣬׼ֲһ飬ʱȲҲɡ
ţ۵ǡ
˶죬һľʹ󣬶ͶеǷżҲ졣
˵ˣ˪ǵӣҪԵǴ㣬;ӣǰڡ
ǿЩӻѩ֮ǰؼȥ
гɿ죬ӣﻹһǣ˶̵ġ˿ûע⵽·ߵһһŮˡ
Ŀˣ̫øΧԼˡ
˵˵㣬ܰʲô£ǻܽ˼ҸץˣǳɶûɶɡҶǵ˴ùȢ㣬ڼҸɻʹֲڣ¡
ӻйҲ취˼˸Ҷ绰
ҼСڲǶæΪм˸㣡
ޣȥ֮׼ԷҶú÷ʡ

ľȻŹ·геĴŮģ˶ʵʵŮǰֻеĶеҲſ壬ΪŮ˵ź硭
еľ
Ҫ˰ء
ʵأ
Լץ֮Ƕ죬ŵԼżˣԼܻȥˣƫƫŹһڣͶľ˵ûҡ
᰾סˣʵû취ͰԾֺʹӱϣͶϵ磬ʵڲоϵӡ֤ǻӡ
ͶҲŽɣ߰죬ôʶʲǲ˽ȥԼžҪһҲԼŵĳɼ
˾ǲ¿ڣ˵Լᣬĸ˭ֵ˭˭ҡ
ȥʣô
ͶҲԼץٸŪ£绰򵽹ִ򵽲ӣ֤ݡ
ͶҲԼԩզ㣿
Ҫ˵̾Ͱ˷ѽ
ŪãȻץ˸ɩ
ͶϽٺõģȻûԷһǾͰ˽ȥˣʱĲӺǮûۡһߣ֡
ƫƫ֣Ҳû
̫֮Ҳֺֻϱ¡
վڷУѾѩ˳ŷˡ̫ǲͣԼȢ˸Ǯϱǻġ
ʱ俴̫Ƕ⡣
ڣǰڼǲɻģӣɵģʱ֣вܵĵط
̫ϣ;Ѿͷã޾ͱˡ
ǶӺã̫ǿ¡
ε¿ǽ̫Լǰ;ԶϱһС¶ҵӣⲻӰӵ·
ٿһκᣬ̫ⲻþ
ˣ̫ûᣬԼ˳ҲŲ
˳Ʊ̫ۣһ˳ǻ϶Ǯ
ɳʶ̫ˣ˸̫к߹հ˹˵˵ž˵ӣ
ϣǲ֪ӣĺܡзйһ´ӸǮأ
̫е죺ӣ
԰ʿŮԭȸŴ˳ҹӣԼŷӷֳˡ˸ɷֲõģзеصģǸҽҲЩ
̧ͷ֮п̫ŭ


21 
̫̫߰ʲô, ̫ǸʤӵģƽҲǸɵýŻ
ӣĲ֪̫ӣ, Ľֺڡ
ԼôûôŮ, зǮģû˲ͣ׸Ҳеĺܣ
߬һѲ˵׵꣬ӣôģܸ˭ҪʮлýǮ
˵Ľ, ǾĽ˪ҵǸý, ýȦҲСĺ, Χļ඼֪Ӳ֪ĶĺùȻ˸ֳɣ
ұСҪû˵ˣôõҿ϶ͷһҽܵģ˭֪һ˼ŮԼˣ, Ҳ, Լҵϱ
⻰˵ĻЩƽҲǼһ̫ýǮмĽǮ, ֮лýǮ, ڼϰʱԼȥϯϳһ١
Լҵ, ǰŸԼ˵ҪҸŵģžԼ, ˲˵ϯҲ, Ҳû, ŪԼҰ
ýӵ˵һͨ, ˿ûע̫ɫ仯
˵ط, ˶³
ýŻӻ־ͻԼˡ
̫Ĳ㴭
翴õĶϱ
ӣǮ
ҪܵϱȼסˣȫԴϰСӼסӣķȥ
ӣйȻҽһҲ飬»ǮطҲ٣Ҳˣ㹻һӳԵñģ
̫ԽԽǰһǮзӵĶϱһıϱֱ̫ϸ룬ԽԽԼںڵĿˮ
̫صҾˣڿŲ۾Ǯӣ
ľȻĵңӼͷҲʱȥĶˣֻǶҪҪԵġ
޹ʱԼ˽ˣСӳ֮ǰʱǮȥ˪һԼһ㡣ʱϸܵǮƱٽһ㣬쳤վԼ߰˿顣
޽Լ֮߰˿˽Ѹˮ
ΪֺӣٻǮ졣
ûУУһǣӺһ裬͸һ顣
̵ľԼѾշˣһתСľͿʼ裬Ǿͺ裬˲Ž衣
Ӿһĺ裬Ǻ裬ЫӣǴ󻵵
վסزˣӾû£Ǿ;ԼǸźӦĹˣ
ԣǹҲ˵أ
ȫԼ¸СѣḬ̇չǣǳĺãⶼӦֵģ
㲻ԣҲֵñ
˭Ǻ裡
˶ˣӿȷʵǣ˵ĺһɤӺˡתģɵڴϡ
̫ˣƫƫؼ֮ҲֻľȻһۣҲܳȥˣˮûС
ŵž˯ˡ
̫ڿϱһʵǱﲻס
ڰԹڵǻûʰᣬǶԲԼҪȢӣܵõĺô뵽Ŀۡ
̣ʵ̲סԼϰ˵ˡ
˵ôͲһ£Ӳȥôף
СҪһϱӵúùٰ
ǿש󷿰һסĹ𣿡
һ飬۳Լųһ£
˵˵ôûʱ͸ҸɶҪСӻ
Сӿ϶ֵĲУһ˵϶ͬⰡ

˵˵ţ̫ٶ۵תϡ
ᣡ
̫ҧгݣҪȹСӣǾͲܻˡ
ȫԼҽԺ˵ҪҪϯԸŵʱԼϲı֡
ھǾỵԼҵһ׮¡
ͷһں̣˵ʲôã
鶼ˣСӲӱ涼ˣ˼ǱҲ˶󡣾ݳȥҲٰͷ˵
̫ĿڣҲ˵
˵
̫Ҳֻ֪ű£ƫƫǱţûģǾÿ
ˣ
бҵӣбҵ
ûӣܵŴ
ʹһѼ޽ӣܴŴӡ
˰
ͷϱɵɣۼңӦֵġ
̫ݺݵͷģҪסשˣ
˯У벻Լܸ⡣
ʱɿ죬ת۾͵ʮţһ磬ϵ˾Ͷˡ
æŲ̋ʰɾСΧʵʵܶ˾ڴȳϵšŮǴճһЬñӣСһܡ
ÿ궼ˣ˷ʱ򣬳԰ĻƶһͣˡҼһҪæű
иһվ͵վĹ
ÿиʮͷٰչ涨ͷԼԵġȵվȹƣһ˼ҲҪ߳Ĳ־Ǯ߷⡣ҲǸҶŸԭͷҼҶССľܴɽϴιݣ໹ء
ȵĲǮ˾Ǽ飬ʮ飡
˭Ķ
иѲһ飬ʵǼͷʹߡݲģԼ֡
Ҳϵùʱ⣬˭ûã˼վƾɶҪ
иףϵҲÿ궼ʮͷܽϸͷĺˣʣµľҪȵٵȥҲмյֻ֣СʡվСǮ
һõĸ컹Ҫĵչˣź̡
иһͷֲԾһͷ˭ҵûϹ
վ֮ǰȰѽȥãָҪɱͷ
Χҿϸľͷˣ˳ҵûϹ
иüͷ˳ӵǿӣϣӣּң֮ûӣҲ˳۲ø°ӣʱӣմӸĺôиˣѸ˳ӵĶǵӣ
ǿӣϸģǰ˵Ҳӣչˡ
ˣ
кµĶԶ˳ӰҲϹˣԶС
и˵Ļȥ׼ȿһиͷˡ
ʲôôĸһݣ
棬˶ĲüûôεˣһԵ࣬žͲ
˳ЦⲻǼæ˵ҲСˡ
ȱǮ͵ŽǮأ
иһվйǰȥģ
иְȥͲܵˣҲżȥЩôϾǽԼҴӻҪԡҪ궼˰øɰݣԱǿ϶Ҫ
˳ϹҲסⲻǺǺŪµȻιúټ䣬˲ٳƣԿž͸ɰ͡
ӳǿݣʵ׹ƵģһϳƾУ
ģǵȥ
иѿ࣬·ͷӣ˪Ҳˣָӣ˵ǾͰ˼ӣ϶ղˣǴҲܸҷ
Ӷأÿʱһأʱһأһηһͷûˮֶ֣
걾һ⻰Ͳˣƾɶˣ˵ˣãúãǸ
Ҳų฾ڸӣһ㣬˵ӣÿ춼ǳ˪ֳɵģֹһ˿˪ӣͳԵģ˪̫ͣҲ纰ӣųԡ
ⲻ
дʣҶʮڿһٽˣùȥƾɶȻͽм߰ʮǮңȻûţ
иЦˣҪĽǶû㻹ָ㲹߰ʮ⣿Σ
ҧסţվûզ֪
иһԲ˳֪ӽǴǵվĳһˡ
ɣţһվı׼ҲŴӷ֡ҪôڻҪôǴȥʲôʱ򹻱׼Լٽ
иɾͷŹǡ
ûݣԵĿʳ
˳һݣҪҪ϶ʳˡټ϶䣬ȦҲ䣬÷
˵ӣиǴ㲹ӣһʳģ˳ӡ
ԲûУ
Ǿù⣬׸¡
˳ɫÿô֪飬ƫƫʵȱǮֲԼˣϼǮ
ӣ˪վڶ棬̫ЦеĿСᣬҲչȥǸһȺ̫̫ն˵л˵˵žҪ̧ͷһ̵ۣġ˳ӵƨ̫̫ϡô˴ʹһѣôԼǰûǰ׼ôʶء
ûһվˡ
ư
ϣݵģˣ϶
վС˵ֱףҲǲɶëҪȥվʦ
ΧһЦСЦͷԡ
˳ɫǺ죬껹ãûզ֪
СҶжˣһͲ
ӣҲЦҲ˼žǸСᣬװϽ
ɳɳɣ
ĺܣСҲмܲס
ű׼ʮأȥ
ΧһЦСӺףӿ֡
ˣ⼸ͷǴˡ㿴Բԣ
иʾӵĻȥǮ˳ޣƼ˰ɣ˵ˣҲУô࣬Ӳ֡ǿǻûȥ
곤˳ͣӲ˵Լȥ
˳ףһקĨһˡ
ȱӣ죬ӦģҲȱ˺ö˳ĿڵѪǲˣܲܰ⼸ʮĹָϡ
Եģй֣Ȼ࣬ǶҲС
˳һһ㡣
껹Լ˲׼Լ⵽ҲһˣֵҪǮҲ÷ָ
и̵ûֶܷٲ֪˵˼ǳĲ֣ⶼûƾɶ㣿
иӻ֣ˣһûУϲ׷Ǵ͹ˡҪǲԸ⣬ͻǣȥ
ǣȥǲܵģ˳ٴҲܸǮ
иӣתӣӣҪҪ
ҪģϾ鷳㡣
ӣ룺Ҫ
ɽ㣬ɽϷƽﻹȱԣȱԡ˪ͷڷ꣬ÿµƱжҲȫſ
ÿֻܵȵ׳⣿ӣܲί
Ϊ˳Կ⣬ӣܻ㡣
ȵһˣֲܷء
ӣ߾ǣؼһͷݲ
ڱЦЦʱ˵׼ĸˣ
ӣ˪һؼңԺԭȾһȦ˪ǰʱʣµשͷȦŲϣҺ˹ȦӸ
ӣͷ˪ע⣬ʳעһȪˮ
æ꣬Ǳ߾ʹ۵һ׼ɱˣ
ɱĹȻˣܶСҪ۾͸ָ쿴ŵó
иûϵæֱҵĴϵ׳סгɱˣ䣬ĺܡ
ȵɱ꣬Ĺ̾ͺˡ
иûǰãʣµľǺǰ⡣
˪ƽҼҸӣĺһ㡣
ֵҵʱѾмˣ˪ӣվǰ
˪ָǿ飺顣
ӣҲʱ뵽÷ֳԷ۾ﶼ͸ſΡ
˪һ÷⣬ʣµĲ־ͿӣҪʲôˡ
˪רҵڣӣҲӲͲӹǣ㣬󳦺ԡ
ڱϲЦӣҪȫǱ߽ϣ
̫Ҳ̫̫ںӣѾͷǲҰͷɵúúý̡̽
̫۾ţզûԹҼС۶㣡ԹһٲҪ⣬϶˳ȥԷأɶͱȰˣҾ;ӣѾͷĺá
иڱ϶ţÿηյľˮͱ߽ǣԱǵûвҪûѡƽ˭ܳԵˮ϶ĲС˴廨⣬ˮͱ߽ϾͲˡ
֪Щ˺óԣ˭ҶܴϣˮȥȲλǳء
˵ƬӣҲ˶ϡԷƬӣҪһܽȵǰǾ⡣
µõĶǴͣҼһֵ㻨Ҳǲ͵⻹ǲҶˮĹ
ҲضãƱ٣һҷֵǵ㣬˳˳Եµ׵Ҳ٣ֻǾĽʡ
ӣҲǴ֪ͷֶͲմһͣڹ׻һ£ٵˡ
ȱͰҶָŷֵûȥͣǵҪԵ˫ġ
ӣˮиҲԿˮٸ㲹һ廨⡣
ӣͷˮҪ
ô⣬кܶ˵뷨
˪Ҳûв⣬ѷֵк̫ͺӣһؼˡ
һƬ˽
ӣѾͷ治ӡ
˰ɣû˽̣ɲ˪Ҳģզɶ
Сӵ׻岻ֱɵϱˡ

˪ǲ֪Լδܳһʱ̶ĳæʰǵ󳦡
ӣҲûɿţԻʰɾղи֮ǰһСѪӣԻŵһԣ̫˵ѪѹҲеߣȻһؼһ飬˪Իһԣź죬ͷٴҩ궬Ӧþûˡ
ֱ̫֣ҳҩУɶԣС۶ðԻ
ӣζһðԻζļ֣ôأҲԻˣͽ˪ϡ
̫ҪðˣѸղ˵Ǽ̫̫ӣѾͷǶ
ôõϱֵͲҲţ
˪ʰ󳦣Ͳӹһڹ㣬ӣôԣ
ӣС֣ʳ棡ƶ
˪á
һɰѷֵֻʰɾŽȥϵƶһм浹뱭Ļƾƣζ˳ɰʹƮ
ʳζߦϽһ׷ʳټӰײˡ
֭Ũийٶں㣡
ӣɵ˰ֻ㣬Եһʳ棬ʣµʵڳԲˣ˪˴Ļƶʣɰס
׷ԣ
̫ǿڷʳ棬ƶ͸׷֭һܣȣ֭׷ζ
̫һûӣԵö࣬ӣţҲԵ˴棬ͣžڵá
ǵӡ
̫ȻĬɻֻ£ǱҪȵϵֻǱ߹ˡ
˪ǰҲٱ˵ˣ̫ڵĲУԼô˳һң˾
ٿӣĲܸ⣬Ҫӣﻹڵʱ͸˵¾ͺˡ
ӣԼҲ̯⵹ù¡
ǷиæĲɿհʳֺãͿʼ֯˽ɽҰȥ
ÿҰǰ߰죬ܱ߼жɽȥ򵽵Ұûٷһ֣ȻҰԻҪɶг
ҰĶɽԶӣȥһطĽλȴƫȻûб˷֡
Ҳǣܳô󣬿϶źüĴ㣬ɼ֮ǰû˶Ϲ
ӣץһ㣬׼ûؼȱԼĶƤ˵Ļǰȴ㣬˪˵ˣó˵£ûܳôĵط˾ͰСܱţ׼˻ɽһˣ㡣
Խٽ飬ӣȴԽ¡
˪һжˣĳʦһͬسǵʦ֣̫ҲʵĲڴЩɹĸɲˣвöѾλ
ӣڼĢ죬վǳԼҵ
ҵңиص˵иǼҡ
һţӣͽüͷұڴӵµϣƫƫﻹĲС˵иʱӦðѿˡܿסٵȵȣиҪЩ
һϴźڻҵСѾͷӣͶ㣬һӲߵѾͷһͽˣӣֻܺɤӡ
ûһһݵŮ˳ͻüĿ·ɶ
ӣòʵ۴ϵĳŴǾջɩӰɣӳ̥
Ǯջһҵ̥أ㿴
ӣĽͣˣʱ̥Ŀ죬Ҹºûʲô⣬漸ҲҪע⣬еĺλò̫ԵĻҵȸơ
û˵꣬Ǯջŭˣĭʹ磺һѾͷƬӶƨǶӣϸĺܣ̥λԣ˵ˣ㣬ӣұɶĶˣҪұƱƣҿ㣡
ӣüͷ㲻ҪżŷйҸ㿴һ£ɽ£ԼҲҪСģһЩעҵø˵
֪ƨԼˣ˳˳ģҪ£
Ҹ㿴ֲǮʧʲô
ϽҲҪѾͷƬӸҿ
Ǯջһߺһ㣬˵ʱһûͰСѾͷײˡ
һݺһţ˵û˵׼ݣϽҳȥ
һƣ顱ͰŸˡ
ӣſӵĳ࣬һʹһ㣬ڿиʮˣһСࡣ
Ǹ㣬߰ɣ˵СܵܵСŮĶ˾Ͷȥˡ
Сĸŵͷ˵Сܵܲ뿴Ҹ㣬ȥߡ
ӣղžео˵ҲһһѾ
ŮûԤƣôԵģôĵǲټ
ͳָСŮһһõģǴͻȥˡҪ費źˡ
ԵҲﲻϣ˶ȫܾ̬ȣСҲҡ
ӣת뿪׼и㱨һ£ǮջϣǱӳĻ
дӳٸиಹһӪղǮջӣžǲݡ
ӣ̲סͷһǿСŮࡣ
ߴѾǸӱȽϺùĴˣûжˣû˵˭ŶӣɼЩôҲܸСŮʲôӳɡ
ǴûСѧʤСѧҪÿһСʱȥʤСѧѧҶѧʤѧͻתƵһЩȥѧѧ
ߴڶСʮָͷûһŮ
ӣǮջҵ㱨ииҲգǮջǸʲôһֱ֪û뵽˻쵽򶼲
㲻ùˣ˵Ǹ˵ģδعܵס㲻֪Ҫӡ
ӣô֪ܲŮ֪ʲô뷨ˡ
͸ĩ֮ǰЩһ漸㣬ľ֪ʲôԭ
׿Ǯջҵ£˵ĵǻãӣ˵ҩ˶űˣҲ˵мǰӣһΣʲôҲܼʱ֡
ӣصңȸȦι˳Եģ˵Ҳ֣ԭȪˮֻ֮Ȫˮǰѱҩֲ˻ιҲԶ׼Ч
ӣΧĻӰȪǰĩĻֻӰԼڻ˵طɽˮģʶеȪˮҲ˲١
˰Ȼû⣬ۿɼĺ˺ܶ࣬ӣͺߺҪʳԡ
ӣԺиḥ̂㶬ôӷֵһЩӺԼҳʣͷĥɵķι
ιӣȥһ˹Ӫ˪
Ǯջ鲻ãԵȺġȥϳҲһشӡ
ȥ˹Ӫ꣬ӣԶͿС۾лԾڹӪĲ߸˵ӣ˽Ųߵ岽ͣһ£лԾſˡ
лԾϽ˽⣬ʹɫжԷߣԼĴ
ɩ磿ںأҴȥ
ӣһʵղŸ˵ʲôأ
⻰ʵͻأ˹ϵôʡ
С۾лԾŪŴұ磬˵¡
ӣŶ
úлԾ˵¸˪شӹ׼ѵĸɻڳ


22 
ӣ̽һлԾ, ߵͿ˪ڣӪÿľǽӺͰӣ˪ܰ, ͰŵڵĹؼ
ӣ, ˪͸ְһӣÿҲǶ˶࣬Ҳ˵ġͷҲֻͷ˼ˣС٩ɽ
˪ӣһӣһˮ, ǮƱԱ
Աӣ, Ҫӣʱı仯̫, һʱݲģҲơӣϴ·ͷҲ˵㣬Ҳ, ҪǷɫ˺üȡ
ԱŵĽһһ, òôࡣ
˪Ŀһˡ
˪Ҳʢ˼
Աʱ֪˵ʲôãʵ˪ǹź, ҪǶʢ˼, Ҳûܿġƫƫ˪ÿζǰչ, ʲôʲô
ӣĴ׽ӾͶʱʲôҲûˣײ˽, ҧһھʵڡ
˪ڱϿţͳԹ, ӣҲ, ӣһӸɵ, ִӺ˴
Ա, ˪ѺβһֵͲشӡ
ӣ·ϰԼݸ߸˪
ǸлԾԷ֤Ŀɺˣ˵Ƕ䣬һĸɲˣʱѸɲ滻һ֣ʣµһ㣬㲻ڣ˵㡣ʲôϣʱ
˪ǣӣ֣˰һ
ӣҪô죿
˪·ˣ°һ·ҲҪСģ·Ӳʵһǳһŵģĸطиİ͡
ȥ
лԾС˼࣬ͷ򽻵ټźʱΪϿлԾǲֵġôһԼڵʱֿ̫ˡ
ӣѵŶѶ͵ˣȱڻҪϡ
˪ڣҡ
˪͸ӣʵͣµĹŷ쵼ǲġ
˪Ϲ⼸꣬ĺãżسǻҹգɼˮƽõó֡
һ£Ҳ˪쵼С˼Ǻ⡣
쵼÷Ϳһ˵ȥ쵼ָлԾ˪ͽܵģ˪Ӳ磬˵ǽ̹̣ͽϹأ᲻ףҪлԾϸĿڡ
϶Ŀˣܰѹ׵ıȫˣ
쵼˪Ӱţ˪лԾѧ
٣лԾQű֤Լ쵼Ҳ˪Ǹӣܽб˳Դë
߾ߣ
ҪлԾ̯ܳӣˣ
˪˵лԾԣͲúúñ֡
쵼ʹ̧лԾѹ˪ͷ˪лԾĻˡ
ҪǸɵúã˵ˮƽ˪ֻҪչȥܳסĴ󲿷⣬Ǿǵȵ˪غҲһϯ֮أٲ˸ӵ㹤
˼ǲˣˮܺó
Ųס̯ӣ˪ȥ쵼˵þҪѧ˽
˪ΪȻöͷҿԼûҪʲôҪô̰ʲôҪ
˪ǲıߣԼϰ߾ճ¼ɹĶǰ¶һˣ֮ǰü궼ûг
лԾڵͷԵĶ˪ʱ䣬Ҳûס˪һѱ
ӣͲԸ˪
ӣ˪ѣ˪аվͲٶ໰
Ҳǣ˪ԼС·ͦģڹϺŪӬͷСϡ
лԾС˼Ķ࣬Ϳסˣܰȳ²ְѵĶյԼˡ
Ȼ˵лԾΪӣǶλ˪ɴ쵼ƹˤһѣ˵õǴʮ¿ʼٲȥ˪ɴԼֱڻǰͽӺ飬ʱúý顣
лԾ
˪һڵʱӦȵɽʲôҲ˪
˶ʮĺţ˪飬õĸɲһһ̵ٽһһдֽϣӣ˸뷨˵£ǵһжԷǩһ֣˪;úܺá
дֽ߰涼д쵼ŵ°ѺлԾ
쵼ģôֲǲˡ
˪ֽպãⶼǹҵĶ˵˻ͷ㡣
ڲԼǲǲˡ
쵼˸ͻ㻻ط˰ɣ
쵼ʱеڣ˵˪պãʱʤһҲ˪ȡȥģϾ˪ʤˣȥԼҹҲ
˪ǵǴ빫̫ԶÿһСʱʵ鷳Բžͽ˺칫硣
쵼Ҳúã˪ǸбҵеĻԴ֮󣬺Ķŵľ쵼Ĺܡ
ջãٹȼϿһҲܴŷ˵ȥ
Ҫˣǵһʧ
˪ûϹ쵼ľᣬѶһͻشˡȻˣЩ컹ûѩҪй˲ϵģʱȥҲü
˪ߵļΪӽɽĶˣ
ȥʱʮˣʱֻҰһ¨Ұú֮ġ
ȫӶϲǰһҾͷּ˿ڶ˼մմӾûˡҰɽϴģ׼ʲô׵úü⣬ÿҶ߸ˡ
˪˷ֵõʮҰ⣬ļһЩʮҰ⣬֮ǰ˼ֻɵģˣϻʳ㹻ϴˡ
˪ܴӽ˻ңֳɵӣٽʣѲ;Ҳ顣
̫ȫ׿֮ǰĵ͵Ҫһ
˪̼ǱҪʮˣϹϵõĻмңɢɢģҪʮ
ӣﲻ϶æ˶ûȫء
ټմ׵Ҳ˳꣬ӣᶼûҪˡ
˳રવĳẓ́ǲģһͷö껹ϣ˳ƵĲУҲˡ
ʰ⣬һһӣ
С潸ǲҪˣж
꣬Ǹǣ
Ұ̧˳Ҳԣӻ²ȥ
ӣ˪ͽˣ̫ͿʼɢϲǣϵС˼ţϵҲһǳԡ
ƫƫûУ
ǣ綼У˳þΪ˪Ҳðȥһ١أĶûŮҳ
ƫƫ˪ӣһ֮ѣ˶ڣ̫ӶԸ
ճǶŮ̫ãȴûһá
ԹԣСǴ˶ټʲһģ
˵ʮȶ԰ɣǴϻͷһء
±ӲŮզ˪׼
׸ȢŰҶŪͿˡ
һĽŭɶ
һѾͷƬӣǰͷǸ˸ĸӣھͳģ
˳˾ԿۣǰһС¾;ӣ˻ҪִһȥŰ˱Ƴȥˡ
ڻ
ˣըãҫϲͰ跹ˣ˸ȥ
˵ʲôõģǾҫˡ
˳ҫڣŶӹҫġҫ۳űҵ˳ʹŶӴԼ
İѵһӣûԣô˵ҲֶŮ黹ϸ
˳̴һģиȥû㣬Ѿͷڿʮײϡ
Ҳû취ȷ˳˵ӣײϡ
Ҫǻŵǵ˼Ķܲȥأ
˪ġ
С潸ɥǣֿʼáĹ̡
˳ݣˣߵǽǱϵľ׼ԼļҵŪٵ㡣
һ㣬˳ɵˡ
ԭ滹ŵһٰʮ飬ֻһˣ
˳һһٰʮҫڴŽıİ
һͶһͣǲ㣡Ǯùǵ˰˱ӵùȢɥǣ
겻ԼһƣˣӦͷˡ
˺˳Ϳ˸һ˺ͣ
ϣǮǮѾҪˣ˶걻޶һͷ˳ۿӡ
Ӵ꣬겻ԼǮ˭֪˶٣ͷϣ
˳Ҳ˫۳죺㻹˭ۼҾѵҫڣ
϶Լˮޣ˭֪ǲǽкӿˣˣ
˳һ̱ǿǰʮ鰡
ûվȣǮӦ˳һӶ˰ʮǼֱĸγ⣡
꼱ˣҰ˵Ķˣ
ʮ鰡
µظɶò
˳ֳۣأʮǮҪõģǻ˭
ҫڲܣǮ綼ǻϵģָߡ
Ǿǡӣ
һҧӣ
˵ǸСǵģž͵ۼҵǮ
ҪӣĻ
˳Ҳ˾Ǯ϶Ǽˣȷӣȷӣܴסӣ֤ݣ
Ǯûӡ
ӣǮôģƶӣòסѱ
ӣҪǮҲû֤ݣ
˳ڵϣһξԼѹĲˡ
Ҫ֣˳Ҳˡ
ͷҲǻ
ѾֵĲˣǾ֣
˳ָ꣺˪֣
ֲֻǮӣѾͷĻ¸ˣ
Լôѹƾʲôޣ



23 
ǰһ, ӣ˪ȥһ˹硣
˵ͷһȥԼҵĴӹ磬һгһ·ﵽʤİ칫ҡ
һ, ӣʶʲô
ͬһ, ߴӻùģһӣгʻܿݵԱ
еСгʣܣܵʱ©롣
, ӣ, ǴӵĴӳ֧鶼Ǻ, ҲŴɽȦ˵ط˵˵Ҳ࣬ӻǿˡ
˪ӣﵽ, ҵİ칫Ҿ˵ԼҪǼǽ顣
˶Ž, ˵طͺ˳˪µ˷ǣԷҲֵ˵伪黰
ӣԺĳ, ԼѾ֤ʵС
˵ǽ֤, ʵǾһֽ, ӣûȥԼŪһװ, ֤ӡ
֤˪Ҳڴӣ, ˶ֱð
ӣȴƳĬҪȥĸհɣ
ҲǸ, ǰνǶûȥ, Ҫʱ, ôܲ
Ҫգ͵ȥسǣҲûĵط˪ϣߣ
أŽһ˳Ҳü
ֵг׼ȥسǡ
ϵسǣ˾ȥա
سǾֻһݣ˪ӣžͽȥһ
ͬ־Ƕ˵ˣǵǸյģʲôСʲ
üͷϹų࣬һ󴮡˵һŷֽһСޡ
ͬ־ãࡣ
ͷһడɣŰɡ
Ľǰɣ
ӣ˼һ
ͷֽͰãٿ˶ðãҲܿǴ·һͬ־ǷʾƬҲ棬Ҿ͹ڵҲǮͷӵƬҲˡ
˪Щ裺ʲô
ͷԷˣϽ͵ʾƬԭȹҵĶһףʲô˿ߵС޺һЩɴƬⲻ˵壬ջǮǰͶҾ鷳ǸصĽգҺùҳʾա
ͷһӵίҪߣյĹɵҲ˭ϵ仯ˣЩȥƬаˣˡ
˪ӣһۣ˪ǾûҪһƬǮǹģֲͲ𣬷ͼˡ
ӣͺܸɴˣǸˣͷٿû˭Ըɡ
ҲԼƬ˲ο
ͷԸգֻʧĸ˽ա
ǰӣûס֧˸УҪıӡȥҼӪ£˵գּ񣬻߳Ƚ˵֣֮ŵǿ
ͷţǼţû뵽һ磬ǰĳҲÿҶȥ˼أⲻĽǿ
ʹ
ȥҳʣ
ҲǣǰվǸŵĿģԺĳӲˣҲǰ᲻ȥ
գسֹһ
˪Ĳãӣһ˺С
ӣ
ⲻ֮ǰͶѰ칫Ҵ˵ĵط
˪ӣ˸ƣĴӣͬߡ
ΪеƬͬسǵϾɾˣ˪ʦ¶òԶһ·ĺͬ߹հ˹һ˪һɷӡ
ӣ
ⷿһƬ߷ΧΧǽǴԺʽư࣬滹
˪ӣҵһŸ෴ķӣֻһ䣬൱ƾɣϻŻͭ
˪óԿװſˣӣ͵ʦķӣ̫˵û裬淿ǻġ
ŵʣûʲôע⡣
Ϊã˪ҲûҷʲôֵǮֻһª̸ǣһ߷һӡ
˪ӣֻǰƤӡ
˪ץӣҾ㣬еͷϳˣеȥʦֺʦʣµƤҶ
˪µǮ⿿ģ˪ɽץʲô͸óǮ
ȥ꿪ʼҾĺˣسҲϡ
˪еϧЩƤӱǴ湻ȥģҲóˡ
ƤۣҲû˸Ҵȥ
˪Ƥʮſźõģڻ߰ɣȥӻף⴩ڼﴩС
߳ţ˪ѻͭϣӣź֪˪ڸԼף
سݵأ˪ǲصʵʱȫԼ
˪ͷҸԿס
һ·˴ӣ˪ӣͻؼңԼȴûżߡ
˫֣˲һ仰㡣
ӣգš
ʮһ磬ӣѾˣû˳ų̫ҵļϱӣ
̫ǶΣԸӣһ΢һļ£֮ůͻ֣һɫĸӳ洩һµĲɫӡ
һں൱ĴţʱǷǳˡ
æɩǸۣӣΧм䣬ôֽ촽չĻ񹣻üëһϵ͵ķҪ˵ۣӣǿܾ
ͷ黨费Ժʣµʱӣڴϵ˪ˡ
˪Ǳߵǲż̫͵͵˵ˣ˵ľɣŪ⽨ţ̫ģˣ˵ʮá
ʵʱ˼ҽҲ̫̫࣬ǾõȵǸʱá
˪շת˰ҹ˯ţ˸磬ȴֻʱ
˪ߵ˸Щ̫ɤ죬ָԼĶǸʲôʲôʹĵת
˪ʦ¶Ͼ͵ˣͷæš
˪һƤզզʦ壡㲻Ҫ磬㿴Сڣ˭Ըԣ
ⲻײķԻ˪üͷ鶯
¶̽ͷһȥ˵æģ㿴˲ɶˣģ
˪ʦ֮һĵƤʮίҲඣǶڷ꣬ʳãզһ
˵ʹյ˪ǰʦ˵ǲǣ㿴ʦˣһ㶼ˡֲ㶼ˣûС
¶һ˰СӸҹжգ
ĥĥ䲻ȥ˪һȥӡ
˪߽ֱժˡ
ֱϵʱ仮ʮ㣬˪һ¾
ڵˣ
˪һ˾ӣߡ
һȺ˺ƺƵߵӣſڣԶһ̶Ľ
Сˣ͵ҼҵǮԼǴĻ̵ģүϹģ˵˺ãƽװģһӹۣ
㻹˪ˣǰҪҪ

ӣǰţһĵһ˳ĬվӣſڣҪ¡
۽Ƴ˪ˣ·˹ڣ
ϿǵİСӹˣǿĹŮ
ãǰʱֵǳҲߵڰףָҪӣ˪Ļ½һͨ
ĵһӣҽյĴţôأҪˣӣ˪Ϳˣ
˳̴˿ȣ׼˪߹̸̸
˰ʮ飬˪һٲְɣ
ҪǲֵӲף
ˣ˳ǾÿԼ˰ʮ飡
Ҫǲ˪Ҫһ٣ԼĻٰܵʮˣ
˳ǴⲻҪ棬ֻҪǮ
ֻҪǮũҲգ
˾˪ȴ۶ûգһ£Լļ˵䣬˻ճŶǰߡ
˪ļָ˸󣬼һվ͸ǽƵġ
˳ãܾͱץס˸첲Ȼ󺺸߼
˵ϣⲻ۵õĴҲ۵ͼأ
Ǹ˵۵úøô״󲮡ߣ󲮣ǰѸ׼һϯϺúóһ٣
󺺰˳һǴӵϰҲ
˳¾Ҫȥᶫ˪ûߵǰأ˾Ѿ˸Ū˳Լҡ
ѵһأôˡ
˪ɫӣҵš
һŴӣ˭
˪ɫһҡ
ӣΪǴӣ׼Լʰǣȴû뵽˪ˡ
һɩӸϽӣʼк⼸һš
ţߺȼɤӣŷ˽
˶ϯ˹ָ̫˿ڣ
飬͸̧Ůļױȥз˪׸ԴļҾߣĶ͹ˡֻҪȥҳԸ磬¾ȫˡ
һȺֵĴӵ˪ӣȥҳԷ
ӣҸڣ˳ͷĻЦȴ۾ڡ
˪ȴûߣ˰Ѵһѣ͸һˣ
겻ס˪ıȴ֣͸ɿ
ţˡ
ʽҪԷӦġ
ǲ˼ŭɶֻҪлӦһֱ
˪ıһ㶼Ŀķ·ǹ׼ţԵľһŲܡ
ûˣ˳ҲЪ˲˵
˪ı֮һͷһզԷ
֮Ӧǽ˸Ͱɣȥϯϳԡ
֮ôģǸһٰɣǲ𣿡
˳ľ൱ʶʱ˵׼׼ңӣĴ󲮰лú˵
Ҫ˿զ죿
˿ž͸׳϶Ҳ۵ĲС
˪ı֮һЦҲ˼˼ҽ£ͱ°򰡡
Ǹ£澭˼ҽҲûŽ˼ǰõġɣǾǴ
ʲôĴеھܻӡЩЩ˼ҼﻹǹƢͷҲʲôܲ˵ġ
˳ͷĺ飺˲ˣǽһʵʵġ
˪ı֮˵ûãǸǡ
˪ò׽飬ôҲݻա
Ҫƽʱٲ˻ǺǺһ٣첻𣿻ǰ˹ųȥͺá
˳ӲʩվɲǰſĶҲȥ
ίĲˣӣ͵۵İʮǮôˣЩӴµģǰʮǮͽˣҲǹҾ͹أҾȥ˸״
ǮԼЩûԣùһҲǴŮ޵һٿ񣬻ûȾͽ˳ˣ˵Ǯ
ʮǮĶ۳ˡ
ҫһ¸ɻǮҪ飬ԸҲҪ飬ʮǮҫڳ϶ණˣ
˪ı㿴ңҿ㣬඼ܲ⣺ҵõĶҵðģʲô£
˪ǲϧǮĺݻ翴Ŷզ಻ѡĶȢϱȢҲҪôࡣ
˪ô꣬ͷһؿϹҲû˵ʲô
Ҷ̶˵ˣԸޣͲõһǮǻ˵УҵգС͵Ҳǲеġ
˪ıȻ˪ȢϱǮ࣬ǶӣӡҲ
ѧߣĺãῴܻ׸ͳɣԺҪס˼ҹķء
˵ӣ͵Ǯ˶Ǿòš
ŽţҼҵǮĶȥǼҾӴҶҫڣӣ˭
ͷǾͲӣ
껹û˵˳Ͷԣܣ
֪ҵףƾʲô͵ǮǸԺõģ͵Ժ󻹽ǣ
ֲ϶ɣ
֮Աǣ˵û͵û͵ҪƣҲȰԼҸժɾɡأôڼң
˳ɫѧҶӲ͵һ¶ǮȱǮ͵ʲô
Ҳǻӣ͵ģȥ
ܰ˵ֵ͵Ǯ£ҲûޣӾһҧӣ͵ġ
϶ӣҪҾͰԴժҹ
ͻȻܽһˣϣ˳ڼҰҶһȦˣϽģϽȥ˵ҫѧУ˸ˣǮҺи·ļΪҫڵǮûˣҲ͵ҽԺˡ
縣飺˵û˵ҫڱ˶Ǯ
ؿڣɲϣǼΪĶǮ͵ˣ˵ǽаʮأ˵˵㣬˳ٹߺҲܸôǮţⲻô
硢ꡢ˳
ͷı磺ղ˵ʮǰɣ
꣺ԭһֱŸӡ
꣺


24 
Ҳö, ˳𾪵ԸӣôҲ벻ΪʲôҪ͵Ǯϵ׶͸, 벻ӾȻһ֡
һҽԺ, ˪ı糳ܵľûˣҪʰȥسǡ
ǮǮĶС£Ƕ˿Ǵ°
ƫƫʱѾ˰೵ʱ䣬Ӳ֪ôģҪȥ˪ȥӣг
Ȼ·ȥس, ߵ춼Ҫˡ
˪ıһ˼, , Ůǲв
ղŻԹҵ͵ҵǮҪȥгզôأ
Ҳ˵˼ҽӣƾǸղһһ̬, ĴԼǸܽ
˪ֱǳ˴ʶ, ⶼһʲôˡ
겻ԼԣŲӵ᣺Ҽҫڶ, ƾɶ裡
绥һ, ²ɡ
˷ųȥ, Ůȥ֣ǲǰ
˳Ѿʰ׼ȥ, ȴֱ
ղ֪ͨҲûߣҿ, ˳ʵ, СӸɶ, ˳ҺӻҽԺ, զ˳ţ
ıӣɶѻ˵ǲܳȥġҪȥҲǸͳȥ
˳մлع񣺡˵ɶ
ָͷϸǽֻ£˵ˣҵ͵ǮҲ̧̧־ͷŹߣͰ
˳ľô㣿һ٣
ҡҡͷҲ㣬дϴ飡
Լֵ³̫˼һץСӵϲͷ鶼ɣ̫ϲдϴ顣
Ǿҵ˰취˵дд˸Ǹָͷӡ
˳Ҳд֡
ʵǻдģ˳дʲôϴģԩӣҲûʲôʧǣ˵ˣٲãڽҽԺҲǣ˳ġżȥҽԺӡ
Ҫţȥˡ
ſѿһ֣̲ס죺ɶӣ͵Ǯ˳Ӹɶˣ
֮һ͸˽ǰǼҺԼ͵˰ʮ飬ȴҵԣ˵ֲ֣Ž˼ſ֡
ſڵˣ~
ǰ˳Ҳôû˰ҲǸӵġôڳţӶһĺͿءȻһ˯ˡ
˳ŲԸдǿҪײǽײš
ҶӶҽԺˣǻǳȥôɥģү㰡
дд˾ͷȥȥһ͵·ߡ
ڳȥӣ賵ӣˣ·ߵſûй·ĳܴϡ
˳ڵͬףǴӦдˡ
磺˵дң˳ֶ꣬Ů͵Ǯ£ΪǴģǲҪģԲֶŮֶŮ֤ٷ
˳űʣһһдꡣ
õϴ飬꣺طûдҪΪʲôûдϣ
˳㲻Ҫ̫
Ӷ䣺㲻һǲС
ֵдϴ鶼оˣ̫ûôĻÿζӰԼǵĻдȥ
ҲżߣԲûҪд̫⻹͵ϣ
˳ۣȴҲ޿κΡֻ˺ֽдһݡ
ˣˣָͷϣ
˳ѹָͷӡ˰ɣ
ˣߣҸ͵·ߡ
˳֪Լ費гҲֻˡ
͵·ߣϴ飺ߣϻȥܳԸβ͡
Ըβǲڣ˵ʱ򣬲Ҳûá
˪Ҳûͷ⣬ͷӶùǰ򲻺õʱ򣬴Ͻ鶼ûģ׼ߴһԸ׵ķֵǣһϯϸ¡
˪˵ǰ磬иʮʵҲˡ
ĲҲʵڣҰһŵɶͷöЩ飬ײ
࣬ðһ衣
ͷǶģĲ࣬һ̽ӡ
ôһӣڴѾѵһˡ
Էݶզࣺ˪Сӿܸɡ
Ȼôһмҵ׵ġ
ǴƬӴģžͽ˴ߡ
̫ͷԱ㣬̫̫Ǹ˵Ĳˡ
̫кˣ԰ⶼǶˣһȰˡӣѾͷҴˡ
ӣ˪Ҳϣ̫ӣܣ̣֮ǰͼģסԱߵĴӣޣ˪󡣡
̫ˬһ֣Ѿͷžͺããɱжϱ
̫ļϱҲڣԵɫһ
̫Žܣ̼ҵСŮ÷ġ󣬱˪СŽбþС
ӣҲûΪɶ̼Ҿһã󷽷кһúá
÷ȴɫ̫ûžͷһۣɩӺá
˪ӣߣڸӣʢˣҲû÷İۡ
Ҿ˼Ǳߵģ㺰С

̫һ˶һ飬ʵӣҲûס˭˭Ǹÿ˶к˼䡣
ٵһ˶ˣиҲϯϣǴСʯͷģСʯͷһӣҪ
ϵ͵ĸŮȤӣѾͷϽ౧˵ͱԼ޳ˡ
ӣһЦƫƫԽΣ˾ԽȤ
˪ΧŰ˸ص
ûһͻˡ
˪ӣܣǴţ磬ţ磬ţ硣
̫ûĻ־ôأͬʱҲʵԸҪͷţ
ͷҲǰ룬ڶ˽ţţǶǴӵıƲ
ӣλкǵصģ˪һȥ˵ʲôһ˪ɫǺ
һٷԵüЦҰ˵ʱãƤã¶ǸӣȥҲܵλһž㡣
һһҰ⣬زˣͷȵϽʱЩˡǿٷּӣߵʱǷ
˷Ҳһ㶼ɡ
ĿҪһߣ˪Լʦװ˵ɽٸʦ˸гģ߻Ҫʦһߡ
̫˰磬һֱϣŰӭæꡣ
ӣѾеˣ˪ǣֻؼҡ
ŷָ˳ӻûسǻΧĿžӣѵþִ
˪ϴϴ˯ɣ
ӣš
˪æǰæһˮ˶ѵദʱ˴˭Ҳ˵ԳĬϴ
һֱȵ͵ƣӣɽڲ࣬Ÿо˪յúܽ
˪˯𣿡
ӣ˵Ϲ˯ˡ
˪ӣ֣ӣܸоԼðź
˪ƽȣ֪ôӣǾЦ
Ҳš
ӣ룬Һڲͨ磬Ҫǿŵƣֻȥˡ
˪ûиĻᣬǽڷĴ˳ϣһս
˳·˰Ҳûһֻܶźسߡ
ߵسѾɫҽԺûʲôҵҫڡ
ҫһ̣һɤӿ޳
֮󣬰ѸڲĻʿųˡ
ʿʲôأҽԺֲֹ֪
һƬˣں
ҫڰĴϣף׵Ŀ쿴屾òƽĶۣƲأ˵Ƥˣʮ¾Ͳˡ
Ҳˣһ˾Ϳʼҫڰզأ۲۰ժĸΰĸɱĸ˰
˳Զӵǵŭڿ֮ҲɢˣӶˣҲǽ۵Ĳˡ
ҫڱˣôһװ֣裬Ҷˡզ
걧Ŷӵͷ᣺ˣ͸ָɱָܷŹ
˳ҲĬĬڲߣ˵öԣǲ۸
ҫڿ޺˵ˣˣ
㶵ģ˵˸Ť͵ˣ
ҫһĲǰڣƨ˾װģ
ҫڻڰ˼İʮǮġѧУңÿѧҲֹѧУѧҫھЩԱʶġ
˸ܸŪֱֵ˵ǶֱʵµģԴ϶·ӡ
ҫ̫Ҫһֱˡ
ѧУֻһУϱжɣŮҲΧ⼸ת
ҫ룬Լ˵ԼҸɼǮֲһġǻѧУͥõŮأͣѧУ߶Ҳڿǳ·ԼҪҸϵĹ˼ͥŮǮһգ͹
ҫھ͵˼ʮǮѰ˼ԼҲö࣬ʮǮֱȰѳ
˸ûбǸҴһ٣Ǯˣ
ҫҧгݣȻҵʱ˿ˣǺܡ͹һװΪһ˵ҡ
ҫĲУǻ˵ӲŴԼ˵һ
˳ˣװΪǸ·˰Լ͵ҽԺ˵衣ȻװҪŤȥ֣ʵǴǮˣ
ҫǱ˹β͵ҽԺģȵѹԼ˵Ѿء
ҽԺûƾûݣҲ˲֪Ķȥˡټ϶Էһȡܵʱ䣬粻֪ǮĶңȥˡ
˳۷ֱ˼ǡʮǮȫˣ
ҫһ²ӣֹʮǮƱ
˳סˣ˳ŲҪ»ֻһٰ˵ļҵӣھʣһ١
һٹʲô
ͨϵһã
ҫ˿ĭ֣ⲻŸҸϱҲֵܷһۼҵô
˳ҵ𣿡
ҫڣⲻû򵽱𣬰֣˵Ҫֻϣ϶Ҹϵġ
Ļҫ˵ȥˣΪ˳üĿ価Į
ҲĴ˶£ôôͿֱŪأ˵ɶţ
ҫڻ̫İ˵ѧУ˵ֱôġ
˳˲ʮ꣺͹ֱҽҸʱͷתúõİΪʲôߣںˣǮˣͷ·ϼѣǾͲˡ
ҫʱ˳ëۻʱʱأһ˳⻰Ͳˣ˵ģҵõȶ꣬йô١ҸϱһʹʵڲҾҸ¡
˳ϵĹҲ룬ǴӼٺˣϵĹ¼޵˼Ҳ֪ǲ֪ң
ҫڣ˵ô죿ǮѾûˣզ죿
˳һҲ֪ôˡ
ƫƫҫڻ˵֣ȥҽѰɣûǮҽԺǮǷء
˳
иʲôˣ
ĵڶ죬ӣѵıƽʱ̫ˣʱԼ˪Ļ˪ݣֱȴʵĺܣһʹܿѪܡ
ӣһӦǣѪӦͦġ
̲סᣬȴһŴԵߡ
˲һ˪ֱս
ˣ
˪Ҳûӣѱϲ˲䣬ձΣ֮ǰ
ɻȥյˮ
ӣԺڴϴţ͸˪æµ
ûһ˪ˮ˽ϳʲô
ʵҲˣӣŹڴߵĻ緹緹һɣ㡣
ûС֮ҲޱڣӣԼҵˮ͵˵Ȫˮ֮ǰû˪ȹԭ˪ɣ˶סһˣˮӵ㣬˾һȡ
ģ˳һ͡
СӺƤ峴һ̴ײˣͷܲС̲ˣһҰ⳴Ƭ
ӣԵޱСģҲģײ˸⿪θܲС̲˴;ϳƬƬζʮ㡣
˳˷ȴżţ˪Լ·ӣİһһι
ӣɽϵ㣺ǲǾȥ
ȥˣʱ˲ץ
˪죬ȵѩʱȥ
óѩŪ㣬ֱԺһѩѣŽȥţܳһ졣
ӣ̫Բˣֱָͷӡ
չ죬վͿʼ̫ڵסﶼǴ̹ǵĺ硣˪һ£òҪ´ѩˡ˾ͳŸڲڼңһɽȥץ㡣


25 
ӣϴνɽ, ǿԼı¨Ϲ̵ģٽɽʱ˪˵ˡ
¨̫, һҲ̲ࡣ
˪һ㶬Ĵ, ¨һá
ǰЩʱڹ绨˼Ǯ
˶źɽϣѾǽһ㱡˪֣ӣվԼʯͷƿ档
Ҳ֪ǲǼ, 峺ˮúڹ¡˵, ǲһˮ, Ҳӣе
ȥ춼ûж
ӣеɣǶˣ㶼˰ɣ
˪קһҸ
һ׹, ˶һ, ﶼϲá
Ȼ׹ֵ, ۾⶯Ĵ㣡
ӣ۶ֱ, ǰ㻹ûôֱ, Сĸġ
ʮ, ĵʮ磡СҲ߰˴磡ֲøղһ־͸оģô㶼֪˶ûץˣ
˪ʹ˾, Ϣе㲻, Ҳڸˣװ, һͻȥһˡ
¨˾װʮ, ˵ֶ࣬ǶҲ
¹ڼֻٷһ⡣˪ܸҲеӣˡ
һ⣬Ҳܶʽúò塣
һЩûô㶼ֻҪʮϵĴ㡣
ֹһ˶ɽϵһ˱¨ɽŻؼҡ
˪еΪѣӣȥģеۣɲᣬһ¨װģų
ҪǰӣһɽϣֵɽʲôҰ
ʱѾҶӵˣɽϵҰﶼûԵģ˵ǰӴ˴һҰ˭֪ûдɾء
ӣظ֤ģеģ
˵Ȳ˪󣬵
˲϶¡
ô֣˪Ҳֻͬ⣺Сĵ㣬Ϲܡ
ӣ͵ͷҿ϶ܡ
˪ͷ£ţԡ
ǸĶˣӣⲻ죺Ͻ߰ɣ
һ˷ô죡
ɲ죬ΧҶӺͲݴһڡûڣǸС㻹ãһۼ˷֣ǿ϶Ҫһ鷳
˪һ¨ɽȥˣӣûĴܣǶΧĻҿ
ſţӣͻȻ֣һ΢ߵĵص㣬ΪԱߵĵƲƽضϵǲ¶һֲĸ
ӣȥһСΡʱϲȻҰɽҩ
ɽܷҰɽҩϡ棬ϡľȻû˷֣
ӣ۷Ź⣬˸ֵʯͿʼ١
Ȼ˵ԼҳԣҲŪӰ࣬ӣС˺ôһ򣬲ŰŸҰɽҩڳ
һȣа˸ߣ
˪ʱҲ˵һ㣬Ϳӣ
ʲôأ
ӣױһҰɽҩɽҩأ
ҰɽҩӪʮַḻθƽӣһҰɽҩɽҩŹپǸɾ
˪ϣŪ㣬ȻҸͷ
̫Ѿˣͷ˵ⲻ˰ɽҩŪϣ˵ûȥҲܴƬɣٱֱӽأɽҩܽɽҩģڸҲ
һһŪؼҽʮ㣡
˪˼ʮҰɽҩ
ӣò̾ʵǸˡ
ɽɽҩȲԺɽҩôǰֱģɽҩι״ģ̵ĸһһҪԶһ۾͵öߡ
ҲҿˣȻô׳ɽҩɵȲԼͱ˸ˣ
ӣ֪Ҳв͵ɽģϾŴɽḻҲֻһҡǰʱȥҰв˼ҽɽҰ
˵ϷʳҲܳԵģ˻һģⲻҪʡĵ˿ůʱûԶӡ
صң˪ͣ㿪ʼ㣬Żõ㣬͸ˮţʣµһ׼ѩ˷ǼʿĨΣµõɹһɹ˾ýտţȷʮܳԵȥ
ӣ˵ؽѣҰɽҩźá
ûеؽѵģ˪ϴԺǽɴһ
ڵؽŶİܲʹײˣӷֵĴ¨мʮҰɽҩһľͶɡ
ĴѾǶˣݹӣ׼ôණ˼Ҳࡣ
ﻹһǺ֡
ﻹа벧ͺǰЩʣ⡣˪Ǹ֮ǰɹЩɲˣɶǣĢһףɫ̲˼̳
ӣʮ֪㣬˵ӱȲԺ󣬵ܳԺȲѾ֮ˡܴĩ˪ӣԼ㹻ˡ
˪ӡ
ʵĴɱ⣬ϰײ˺ͶɣһС
ӣһջһ߲ͣʣ𣿡
̲ס˰
˪Цϡ
̫ǰԼԼԣѰ˼žǸСʱ䡣˪ȥ˵㣬
̫Ҳƣ˪֪СӿŲ˵۲٣ǰ˽Ҳڶִ֪磬̫Ҳôܡ
սŪ㣬ҲûСڽسǰ
ȵţ̫סˡ
ӣҵԺźü㣡
Թԣһȥʮ
ˣӣϽк裬һͺˣ㣡
̫飬͵͵ӣһߣսսǸɶˣ
զŪô㣡
ӣϽû͵ûֻɽϵҰץġ
̫ʱķŻضһ˷ܣãǽ궬ܿˣ
̫ˮƽߣҲֻǴӺԱȣÿ굽˶첻ܽɽ⻹ѵġ
ô㣬㣬ɼϱȢĺãү顣
õ㣬˪Ҳûʢһ˾ΧԡϾ˲óԣء˿٣ҲĿŻȷһֱðݡΧֵ̨ĳԷ
ӣһ⣬۵Ĳ񻰣ҰûУϸ̻١ĶҲζʮ㣬صζҲ
һڹ߽ױӣԵ۾
̫Ҳ޲ڣãʱĻǿЩ
˭ûأҲ٣˪ԵĻУ㻹ǲ㡣
ӣ룬ŶӣҳԲˡ
һԵ߰˰ˣֻʣһЩ֭˶Գ˶ӡ
Թ˪ȥˢ룬ӣ˸һ̫졣
ţͿʼƮѩ
ѩԽԽ󣬲һԺһ㡣
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һѩ˳ʹŸϽߡ
һѩ´ˣʱɽ·ߣǻһǳһŵĻشӡ
ҫڲ鲻ԸĳԺظϣڰϾѩ˶Ĵ˵
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˳ĿİͰ˵ȥȥƼƼҰɣȡȿˮߡ
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˴֣һǳһȥ
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ûԭ򣬾ΪƼƼһ꣬ӻûϢ
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ƼƼȴû׷ʸĸΪɶȥسǣһǺˮϽһѺ«ưҨһˮͷҰˮһ͡
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ƼƼΨΨŵŵĴӦޣϽȥɨзϵƬϽѩû´¡
ƼƼһ˳ܣαһĲˡ
ƼƼСӢŹ˵ɩͻݣһ㿴ռ޹ʱӡ
һģյǰأ
ƼƼսǻհߥҪּң˵ֵһͲڡ
ƨĲڣ
Լ˺ùңΪ֪ǻǸҵܵܿС
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ǣﶼʵĸߣһ˼Ǵйܵܡ
ʮ˫꣬ҪԼĹҽТ˳Ƕ¡ҪǶϱңǾͲˡ
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ӢİŹӣ¡˵ȹۼҡ
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Ӣĭɾ͸ﴵ꣺Ծ˵ˣźͽȥԷ㣡
뵽͹̲ⷢסʿˮסϣҲûù˶࣬ҪԷҲࡣ
ϱʱһò϶ǮƼƼһŲɻġӵĹʼŶ࣬ûˣÿδӪſڹŵǹζͽ淭졣
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Ӹ֧УȻҪԾܸٲûʮȿɲܴӦתһǲҪ룬иг
Ӣظﱣ֤϶ģͷˣҽԾҲŪꡣ
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ӢСѧҵûˣЩڼѧأֲԿ࣬ʱҲҲ
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Ӣϵķһģ˷ҪץϹ֣û𣿡
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˵쵼ʶ˵Ժܵسأ
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ͷǶ಻װôҲ벻ԼŮһңҵôġ
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Ǯ˾ˣҪиŮĺôóɽɺ
ӢҲ˵öԣɲЩҪҵϢˣȹǿˣ
˵ӢصĸԼԣ֪ɩӰɣ
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Ҹ˵ɩӣǸ˵Լ˸ˣȥ˼ҵˣ
ӻû˵ϽץŹŮϸʡ
Ӣ˵Ҹʱ˵ͷء⿴Ҳûྫ˵Լ˸ӵĶͷ˵ǸģǼĶ죬ҪޣԼ趼˺
Ӣ֪¼һ㶼֣Χʹˣԭ򲻹Ϊо˵˼Ҳá
Լҵ̫̫ԼͣǮȢһϱͷ顣ͷҫ
ԽƼƼӢ˵
ǰһˣɲˣںӱϴѡ
ӳԾӲ϶ˣȥϴѣ
Ӣɲģ˵ŶҲá
ӳһȺϣ˿ûעӵĴһ¡
ƼƼվ⣬˶ǵ
ôҲ벻ףԼӻܻϼӻ
ôģܲ˵ļˣԼ˵˵ӵ˺Ӳù󲻵ñ沼ң
ƼƼĲˡ
һͷҲضãʱҲԼһ⣬ԼôҪ޹ģ
Ʈѩ̫ȴ߶˵ûͷĥ
ĥһȦһȦֻԼĸƶûˡӾ͸ʯͷһĺް֮ء
Դڳ˵ӣ£֪ԼҪùȻˣȷʵҲù
̫Ҫĥһ
ʱ䣬ĻƸ˴룬ʱʱҪָ̫űԷҲˮûȡ
᰾ԼҪסˡ
ż޹ֳɵӣȴû뵽޹Ҫأ
ⲻҪ
žŭˣƾʲôҪ
Ӧġ
ΪԺĺԾɲǴغҤʮء
һۣԱߵһ㷢ʲô裡
̫ɻһ๤ȻⰤɻԼţҲòԿ
ˣݺõĻƶ˳
ţȥ˵
һֻܡ
ƹˤ־ͻؼҡ
˼ſڣ̫ĴɤţˣҸӣ
ŭͷȥ͸״˺˴һţ̫š
ֿʱһ飬۽һƬ
ǲв
ЦҾвզˣҸ˵ҪǽҲùǴҾһ鲻ùϴѣҾ͸ѶҪǽҾ͸ҸźҩĻҲɣҾ͹ӣ
̫üëһң
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᣺ôңӸ֤ˣҪٴĥңҾŰ
̫ĿڰֱлҪǰɣ㻹ǲǸǼҲҪĶϱ
᣺ߣа飬ӸԿ
̫ͻȻѣĶ֪ҪֻǺ˵ĹģĻ㲻˭ɣɶ㻹ռѸɶҼСӶѾͷš
̫ʵ⼸춼ںڣԼʵڿ밴ӣһ̫ɴͰﻰ˵˼ӣСĴָȲϣϹš
ŭգȥû㣬˼ˣӸȢţ˵õľǽҹӣ㵹ǿ˼ӣԸԸ㵱
̫Ҫɣˣˣϴ϶Ҵ
һ۵ɹȥңҾȥӣӲӣ
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ʲôһɣĥӡ
˵˽ĵĻʵĶܹǣһӽһС沺˵ġ
̫ĥƾɶԾڲӵǮǼĻһӻԾţ˵ýźŶԣ
룬һͷѹƲס
ּҡ
ҪӺùͲܸһӽŹ
ּڱС
˷ʹӴֽʿʼԾдš
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ŴʾԾдһⳤţﲻ˵Լί˵Ӹ̫εĲУԲţ
дţ׼ϰżĳȥ
ңһ÷ˣ
ѩ£˪ͰѼĿˣůĿͷӺҲûôˡ
̫緹ͻؼң˪˵ԼһԣڼԸھС
˵ǶԸ˪Ҳû̫࣬ʱһͷ̫ߴ롣ģͷһõ̲˽ˣȸͺܺʡ
ڵ磬˪ɽҩͼ˸ͷͽˣȺĳ
ճ극һ졣
ѵ֮󣬾ҫڱԹˣϽѿٸŪ衣
æȥ𣬼ûؼңĸһ
˿ȻֳȻһɤӡ
ӣһЦ˪ҧ䣺Ҵĸ˸мһ
䲻һɤš
˪֪ʲôммһӾ뵽лĸȷʵе񡣡
һɤӽͷˣҵأҹǿأ
ǴȶӻԵģֵһ룬һ밾ͣʣµһ׼ҫڻġ
ʧ˶ˡ
˳һʲôԭ򣺡ǲ϶˸ҷ棡èˣ
ҰèģЩҰèû˶ʰָèܴ󣬲ȻҼһе͵˾Ͳ̫á
ͬģҰèҲ˭ҵĶûźãױߡ
л㱣ǰõӣҵźʵǸƽֻҪŴغþͽȥ
ڻԼǰԼѶĽˡ
ҵⰡ
ôһ
˳Ҳۣ۵Ĺ
ʱǮ⣬ôһ˵£
ˣϽ


26 
, ˵Ҳѩû꣬Ҳ֪ߴطǲǿɽԭ, һ춼ܻ˸ߵѩ
ӣҲǵ˵ڶ, ǰһƬװعŸܵνĴѩɽ˵Ǳ˸ܰݽȥѩɽ·ӣԲ׼ĸطѩĸطѩ
ҲһͲȽһ, Ȼһξܰ˸Ŀ
, ̫˵˺ࣺܶǰһƬû·, ֯˿һСͨڹϣȻЩ꣬һѩȫȥ
ںô£ѩӲۏҲܵ, ǼЩ
̫, 仯, δ൱ģȵ, ˵׼ϴ·, ʱͲһһˡ
ⲻҲûҲ͵˪ϰ, ϵˣǶ·Ҳȥ
̫˰
ûũ, ûü޵Ҫȥ, ڼء
һѩµʱ䲻, ε, ʱӶǸһޱѩ۵ϵࡣ
Żѩ񣬴Ͼˡ
Ϊ˪ûȥϰ࣬и͸Ҳ˻
̫ǺܶãиǸˡ
Ȼһڹȥǲ̫ټϸӣʱҲе˾˽ֹ˪ɶɡ
ڴӷլأϵĹʣ˸ɷֺõš
զɶ¶̯ͷϣ
ͷ̫ùҲǺ¡
˪ڼңиҲ˪Ÿɵʡñ˿ۡо˪һҵȥʦѧս꣬ӵҲǺ졣и˪Ⱥڴùϵʡ˭ۺѪʲô¡
ĻƾǷߣһǲѩͷȥô·ĵط˵ѩ꣬ҲҪڱһС÷ҴӡоѲߣɽҰ֮ǰ˺һΣÿ궬춼һЩϻɽ¡
ҰżмֻɵҰãǰ꣬ճɲ̫õʱ˵ɽ
£иȻ裬˴ǹŴӶתơ
һߵĻƾǲŵˣûǶ죬Ҳȫڼ
иᰲһһˣȥӵİ칫Ƕѧϰ񡣻дӵİװӣʱǶװӡ
ԱǵûôִһǻҲ£裬ǴӳǮװӼΣ㹤֡
еԱȥ˲꣬ЬҲû˹ܡ
иŵĻǶǴҪģҪǰ˾£ԶЩ˽ģиҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
Ψһе㷳һֱҪ߶߶˵ƫƫӦùµ֧δ̫󣬰ﲻʲôæ
꣬иԼƣˣûʲôܽġ
ǰŮڻԼһЩľ񣬽ҲЪһЪ
ɾʣԼһѩиͳĲС
ϰѴӵǽӿʼɨѩиͳ
˪Ҳʵʵ緹ɨѩɨԼԺǽԱߵĵطҪһֱɨСһߡ
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и𣿡
˪ô㣿Ƿ꣬ǽᣬķʽѷó˾ǽ衣
иʱඥǰɶҪӲĽЩ׻
˪Խǹ԰ֲҼֵصϰʽֵصϸڣ۴Ӳ֪𣿽֪¼
и
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Ҳǣһ죬֪Ҳˡʱ¼ͷѼ¼һⲻˣ
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Ⱥڵ
и׼ȥδãǵøˡǽֵأǾŸ֪ϺģǽͷӣҲйȥһϰʲôġ
иˣ˪ɨ˿СʱŰԼֵĵطɨ꣬ڴſڰѩһݾͼӣһȲ衣
ӣ绹ȥ𣿡
˪ҡҡͷǳȥƼȦҲСʱ͵á
Ҷţһ˲һĸСʱĻûС
˪ζһ²ˮˣ
ǰ׿ˮô̵ġ
ӣе飬˪ͷ̫ˣⱭûˮȫõȪˮ´ãǲ͵ˮȽϺá
ûţۼҲͦ͵ġ
Զ׼õʱ˶˸ֶٶһǡ
ڼӲǣǰֻʣһ
ӣǴ׿ڵĲˣȻҪʡá
緹˪һ֭Ũףϵ㶹ɺͰײһõףһѶߦ档
ӣӣϵһ죬žͽ˿
ۣζһ¶ǣ˶ůġ
ӣ̺ʱ򣬸ڵζˮ
ҫڸǲ⣬ô㣬ԼԵɶ
ײͻûУǰǷһСܲɾô㣬˭ԡ
Ͻӣȹģ˭ɱˣ˻ȣ
òװѶӺ̲סһڡ
ԳԳԣô㣡
ٻ׻ԼңҲ
ǰҽԺչ˶ˣԼҵĶûðȫ
ڶЩܲײ⻹Ұèǲġ
ԭȵĲӣ֮һֱûֻٰľӸƵģžͽķ
˳ҲĬ̼ˣǲ𲻹
ѹò
˳ͳ̴ʡɣӻȥҰҫ˯
ӣʱֻϿˡҺüıӻ㲻Ȼֻǰ
˵ӣԼ޻ӲӣŪˡôʵױ档
ҧĿ֨֨죬˳˵ۿһ˿˵Ѿǲײɶаˣ㿴Ǽ£ֱûһ˳ĵġ
˳Ҳаţǰӣֿһԭ򣬰۸ˣǺĵù¾˵ͨ˰Ҫ޶ͷҫ˴򣬾ⶼܱҰèߣ
ǰǰģиӣйصģҲеĲӣ£ôһ·ùͣأ
ţͷȥʣҸġ
ͷ˵Щˣ˽»в͵㡣͸һŮޣ˵ˣɻǻˡ
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ɼ˻ǵһЩġ
⣬ӣͷմһ㣬ȫǽ
ҪӣԽԽãԼҵĺùӳԣ
ˣԼҵתҲܲܰӣˡ

ӣ˿֪ڵĹ˼֪˲⡣
ʳء
棬˪ʣµͷͷ̳һߣ׼ϴ롣һ䣬ϴּѶֱԺˮˮѾһ㱡ıҪѱˣˮϴ롣
ӣҲе㲻˼ɡ
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˪˵ȥմˣˮҲ¡
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ӣû¸ɣĴӦҸһȥ
̫žǸֵˣ϶ҲԸ⡣
ȥ˻ңӣǵһμôˣҵӶȥˣտＷ˴ʮˡ
Ů߰˸ΧһȦȣҲһȦ̫̫һЬ·˶࣬ҲͶŵ䣬˵ůͣʵҲޣҪ˶࣬һأ˼˰˵ľͲˡ
һů͵˲٣ǴŸҪôϯضߴߴҲСܡ
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һȦ̫̫ЦӣҲе㲻˼
ϣĶô˵Ŷ
̫ҫ˵ӣѾͷǰҼС۶ɶԣ֪ɶ鲻
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̫̫ǵûȷʵӣѾͷܿ
ʱӣĶһЩðСëûĳŴ̫̫Ҳء
ӣûǴë϶ҪȥҽԺ˼ģЩë׼˼سX⣬ʱһ¾ܿĶ⡣
͸һ
ӣԣԭ࣬Xռͷ˼Ҷܿ
Թԣզôأ
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ӣǿ϶ȥǸնҲã۾ʱЩһֱҲļĲ֢Ǿ͵ȥգ֮ҽ֢ܶҩ
ղǲǸŵӰһѧóʱ䣿

̫̫ǵ࣬һһӣûа㲻ͷϴЦһش
̫ԽԽԱߵ̫̫ҲͱһĽϱ治
ǰģڵǴ󷽷ģҲʵڣžͽϲ
̫˳ſҲԵãÿҼС۶úá
̫֪ӣô˪ģС˵ûʲôëȴϡٵȻ̫ܽЩʱĲѣ翴˶ϱ½˪Լȥѹܡ
ȵӣ˪飬̫շתö죬ջǾãӣǿſе˪
̫ؿڸ̾ҿСӣˡ
ǰ޳ĺÿԲھóúã㿴ⲻ͹ƾҵϱ
ӣȺ÷ˮҽĥƢºͣҲģܿ˸Լĳƶۡ
฾һȦһ߰Űһ߽
Ǹƨӣ
֪հɶ
һǱ߾ǲǰȡ

꣺ǲ֪ˣָʹ˪ɻɻ㣬ڼԡ
̲סˮ죬һżӣǱߴζ
֪ԣҿ˪ˣ
һȺŮﶼþӣմСϱٲ˵ԼȦСǼҼҲյȫա˵ûõԵĺȵһ֡
˭뵽ӣѹͲߣ
һ㶼ûֳҪǴ򽻵˼һȺǶ˵Ŀġ
ȻӳǾ͵˵˾ǵðǰȣܸŲɻ
ŮͼӣţԼһ
һϱģƾɶͲøɻ
ã͵иݿʼ
ҵȣиǲ
˾ָʹԼСȥʣɶʱʼ
ֵһиûδˡ
δ󣺡۽˹ҹ㣬˶ȱߣȻи˵¡
һ˵㣬ûˣҶš
˾ʣɶ°õŶӳ֧˵˲У
δڰ֣ž͵ţһҲ
ӣҶ֪Ǵˡ
ڻĥ˿һСʱиˡ
ʱСѩи϶ʪһƬͷϵĹƤñҲһѩӡ
иɫÿ˶վкǳȥһһС
ӣҲҲԣվȺ档
ȵ˵룬ﳳֵһƬ
ɶⶼվˣ
˵ɶϽ˵һȥ𿻣˿졣
ⶼѩ˻ɶ°

и˺δż˽
˶ŮģĸŮʹǸиʮˣ毺ãĸȴݵֻһѹͷͷʪֶ֮ϣͷüë涼Ѿ˰ɫ˪Ļǵ£˶ĶˣǶһվͿҪ¡
֮ûе£ΪԱվһСŮֻʮ꣬Ҳݣֻ۾ģҲĸ״ĺ㡣ĸףվſڴ
˪֪ʲôʱ򼷽ӣߣڵץӣ֣һЦ׼и˵ʲô
иɤӣһ׻Ȼ˵ˡ
ңԭԺԱ
ӣ֪꣬˵ݣʹǸǳϷģΪϷ˳ͻͱɻͳ˾ط·š
СǸҲŮϸӦͽܣҪԾһ͵ߴˡ
⻹Ǵϵһģ֮ǰҲ˵·ŵģһ㶼ũͣ͵ԼҹĺܶҲȥӣλиһνոӡ
и߶߶һ󴮣ȻܽҪ⣬ҲøҸطãû
ȾסĶʵܶ˵ʱ·žǽţʵ׼ȷţԴӿǽĺܣӵţǲרչˣѩиص˸ţ˽ʵǣţ⡣
ЩҪǸţסһ𣬱˵иˣԱǶ᲻⡣һЩӰţŪ˭ģ
иľǰ˰Ķ
ⰲõĵطҾ̫ʡİԱǴֲܰ˰õ̫ԶȻѲѲ
и飺õɽǿ飬ǰ˭ҵķӲǿ쵹ˣ޽סȥͷӸһ괺ࡣ
˵ԸӲ̫ãȻʧȥ塣иǸ侮ʯˣĿŮģ
һСأҪǸ˰ŵ̫˶ȥ
һͷ⣺ƾɶǷֿǴӵĿûй֣˲ǿˣ
иӲɫ˵ô죿
겻˼ĴôǾô죡
ĴӶǸֱҸƷӣȸ˴ԵľһŲܡֵʱͰȥ۵ĻٵĿ
иɫǾ;ֱɡ
רȨΪ罻Ҫ뵽Ⱥڵ
ڸ˲࣬һС־˵⣬˴඼Ĭи
иҲһǾô˵ˣѡһˣǴϵó˴ٽһ¸ӵĽ
˵˾Ҹ˶š
иеģŮͬ־Ըľٸ֡
ѻȸ
ſվŵ˶վס󣬽§ԱߵŮ
иҪûԸ⣬Ǿͳǩ
һתµֻӣ͵ҾߵĹšҸɷֺõġ
иűΣҲǺܺã˵˭ɷֺã
겻ϣӣܣ
ʿŮ϶ߣӣ϶ܴǸа
ͷһøаĲˡ
˵Բԣ˵ˣǴ˭ҿȱܶӣģƾɶܣ
ʵ˿ϡ
ȺҲȷʵۺӣ˪ŰǻǰӣǴһģǼһֻ˪ˣӦõġ
ӣû˵ʲô˪ǰһǿԹܣҪ˵ʲôӦãõӦóԿǴҶɻˣ˭ԽֵԽˡӳ˵ǲǣ
иҲŪˣ˪ͻȻվ˵һ
Ҫ֪ǰ˪ȻĬԣ˭Ҳû˵ػ
˪Ļһû˿ˡ
ǰ˵ӣþӦùܣԺһɲɻԽԽã
껹Ҫ˵ʲôиѾˣǶӳǶӳҪɣ
ǰQиŭȴƨҷһˡ
иҲѰ˼˳Կ̽ʵҲ㹤֣һĸ֡
ĸֲ࣬ҲˣֵһСĹ
ǹһˣ¡
иȻûӹӣҲڴӳ˵ЩекϵеʲôģĸҲ١ŲסҲУû˾ûˡ
иǸɰݵŮģʹͻ
ӣҽģǼ𣬵̲ס
ԡ
ӦˣԱ߻˲⣬˵ĸְָҲͬ⡣
չű˾ͳÿȥתתƿˡ
ҲеˣǽӣԸưͿҲʳټ죬ôÿԺ
и˵֣ǶǮһÿ
ʱ˵ҲûˣӣӦˡ
ӣ˵ɫãȰ͵ǵŵء
ǻؼöѳҩʲô΢һЩһˮһƾơ
˪Ҫţӣȥʡ
Ҫúÿǲʲôëģ˪ȥô¡
ӣϡһģһһá
ӣŶϵطͷĻˣ͵طҲûߣӣ
ӣһѶ͵ӣקһߣⶼǻӣɶôϸ¡ɲýб˿ԼҲ˵塣
ӣǸҿûʲôë죬Ҳ˲ܸɹ˵ǲǣ
ͷаɣע⡣ĸ
ӣٴлͷҽ˪͵ϲǣϻ㲻ڴӣҲû͵
ϴΰ˺ǵأǸúúлл˼ҡ
׼ߣˣǾˡ
ӣ˶ߣŻعͷܡ
ƷǴϵ屣ķӣûķӸ˼ưܵĲ䷿ӣݶһ롣ʣµһҲǳġ
ûмҾߣֻһͷҲûͷ
ҶĿӣſھɳƵɤӣлл㰡
ӣһɤôˣ
˵ǳϷģ
ҿЦɤѾˣһ·ϸŹģ֮ǰ̸Ѭˡ
ӣĬƬ֮Ϳʼ˼飬ϸʲôأͽȻ˰̶ѡ
СǸʮ꣬۾è˺ܾӣӣȥ֣͵ȥ
ҸæͣŻˣƽʱġ
ӣڰ֣˵ûﲻˣ
˵ԼûУСӦеĵˡ
ӣСĿŪȥһ۾üѪˣûʱѻȿһѪҺ
ӣ˶־Ƕëû
һ˹һˮָԼһƾƣöԷ
ҵһһ裬ӣؼұ˵̿Ū˸̿衣
׼ԺӣҿԱǼķʵƵĿԣ£
룬һĴŪֱӵС
ԺϾͰŵϣͰߡ
һķҲû˻ǵ̫á
ӣææһͻȻ洫˪ͷӣ
ӳʳ͵ۼˣ㣬ĸͷ
ӣƣʳۼˣ
˪дŭͼŮһ˵ģ˵ʳۼңʡĻʳһӻ
˵˵ʳŶ㣬ǹͷ
ӣ۷Ź⣺ͷ


27 
ӣͷʹ, ǵߴӲͷξȻ֮ϲӹͷõ
ӣ²ͷ, Ȱҷ
ϻȥÿͷպǣ
˪ǲİ취, ӣ𾢣עȫͷϣһŭҲɢˣû֣
ӣĿԶŷۻص
Ľղλİ˰ɣá
ӣѸֳ, ְͷָˣȻ, ȻΪʲôҪ޸
, ˪ûжΣ᲻ãһ˶Ƕ֪û֢, ʱһ嵭ĸʺϡ
ڵĸ, 滹һżһл, һ͡
һ, Ȼ, ̬СС˳
ССȴûôסˣڴ, ԸͷԳ׺ݵĸо
ӣȤСѾͷҵķʵ
ҺȻһ, ǳ, ǰǸѧġ
˵Щ鶼·գѧѧ˼, еˡ˵Ҫ˴ȥͼ޵, Լ⣬ҪҸĵ
С˰ͷʣ°ݸңҴȰԴûҪ
СӣĶӣҲûиտʼ̵ıˡ
Ƕһ㶼ãһȥǾҲھԺǮˣһؼźܵܡ
СüĿ貵ӣҲŲҪȥ
˵ҲǸпҳ֮СͷҪ
ʵҲÿиǣߣȻľԼܻŲס
ʮ̨ΪãҲǿͳ֮ͽ˾ԺôϷԼ֪Լû˾ʲôġ
ڣСʧȥ֧֮ҵµĿꡣ
ӣС񣺡Сʲôأ
Сǿճ̣ҳˣ
˼ǧ·ĺӣ֣պ
С񣺡ˣǶһؼҡҲŲҪպҾճ̡
ӣÿɷ˵г񣬳ôأʦǳȥģǴӲ㹤֣ǻпδֿ꣬Ҳֲͷϡ
ղŻСϻһŮסˣû뵽Լʦ
ҡҸϹҿԸɻ֣ʱѹַָʦ
ӣǲеġ
ܸͣɣҲǸӡԱǿ²⡣
ȻЩܣû뵽ԼȻΪʦĸ
ӣ׳Լ뷨סطǴɽǴӿɽɽ˸ҽܣǴӵĳҽƽʱҲᾭɽժҩ
ĿƣڴĿӣ
ӣЦҲɲҩͷҰ¸ӳ˵һ£ժĲҩҸ۳ʳô
붼ֱӴӦҿԣ
˵ǰģҿˣܸߣ
ӣЦſҲָмԼû뵽ԼȻĺ·Żӣĺˡ
СӸϤҲܿ죬ֻҪһͷԼԹĿͷûһͿʼӣӣˡ
ӣ㣬ǲҪѧҩѧ𣿡
СѾͷСͽ˾Ժǿ˵֣һûӴԼ˸ʦصȻЩˡ
ӣն϶С
ֳ˶ӣѷдߣִӼҳԭǰǵ̸ǣȻƾɣ޻ǰյģʱҲǿá
ҸлĲ֪˵ʲôãӣȴסҪлĻȿˣСѾͷҪɽԿˡЩԤ֧ġ
ҰĲҿ϶Եģӣ㿴ұ֣
ӣЦа̸Ƿ£̫ˣûиͨͷпҲһϣûвҪǲܽ˿
ӣ̾ҺסľǺɽҷֵطҲԶչˡ
ԵĶϷֵͷҹǹҲУͷҾ͸͵Ĺһ͸졣Ҳÿ
ӣûаѳԺȫǳԺõĺȺõģҪ˶Լ¾͵øɲˡ
Ұ˹Ǵľ͵Լʰˡ
ҸмĲ֪˵ʲôãѾܹˣлл㣡
ӣ̾һˡ
ƾɵ۲סұųڱ˶ûôĵطӣ̸Ҳֻܱһ˯
ˣųңС˵ӣãʦҶóʱûԹˡ
ԹóԵĶ
ҸͷȰ˵Ҳܰѱ˵⵱ӦԲԣ
µҲùӣܸͷѾǺѵˣ䵽طĺˣӦ֪㡣
ң˯ɣ𴲣Ǿ͸Ͻʰ¶ˡ
͵ͷţ֪ˡ
Ҹ©Ĵ⣬һѩѩѾͣˡӨѩӳţϵ
𽥾صԼôõľɫûп
ǱԼѧϷҲѧǴͷյֻСŵĳңҲԼҲûеʱ
ѩٺ񣬵ȴҲվɻɢ
ۻӣĺˣûжڷѩ֮С
ӣصҵʱͷѾ˿һСʱӣͷȵȫȲĵųͷ
˪ִѾȥٵİǴҨһС׷ӣ̰ͷպǡȺͷζԵӣüЦ
˪ԵøˣһˮŽųԡ
ͷʱˣŵ¶ġӣڼﻹЬܾ䡣
˵ǸЬ˵ãϧ˽ûź꣬ȻŪëΧҲá
ӣͺܺãڼҴЬͺܺˣҲǸСͦİɣˣһһ˫
ԭһö£޻Ѿˣ̫£Сƣʣ
ǰӣڼʱãǴЬţɴóЬķҼֻܵܲ·ˮƽЬʵ̫Ը½ӹȥ׼һ˫ﴩЬ
ӣͷѾ뱥˪Ͱ˽˺ͷ
ӣ̾껹û϶ٶٰ˪պãͷҲñζ
ڷϲƣ඼̸Խļš
ӣˣģ֮ҴںɽһƬûʲôȥĵطЩҩĿܲ˹ֲǸСѾͷŲ˻飬е֣ʱҶҩǸ·ŵģϹҲû취ŪͷǮҲʣʹŪ㲻۵ĳʳʳô
ӣǲܻͬˣͬʱҲóʡ
Ȫ֣ⳢһЩµķʽǴӵɽǸ֮ı⣬ٱ⣬еҩȻҲҪü꣬ڲ֣ЩͳԲ뷹ˡ
ӣѰ˼ţԼһСƬҩ˵һƬƬɢֻ֣ҪסλʱȥҲСȪ֣ĿҲ̫ûֻ˼죬Ѿʮ𣿿ɼָȻǽָ
ҩһ˸ɲֲһֱɽϴţɽ»Ҫ˿ء
˰æĻ
˪Լйܸ֣ǴƬʱҲ鲻
̫һˣɽѣҩ޴˵
ҴϵˣӣҲԥҵһ첻οģҴϵ˸µأҲûʵġ
ôûʲôݹϵе֣ƽҲûܶŵĳˡ
ȥҴӳͷ˵£˵ûп֣һСѾͷƬӣҲɲˣҽҩģҩңһһ
˵ииӣ룬иԼҲء
Һð죬Ĵʲôʲô࣬ɻƽʱϹҪͰȥķ棬иΪˣøĿ
һСԼδ꣬ϸѹͲ·ŵģˣɻУԲ˳Уϵʳġ
ӣ˵ӳӦûͬġ
ӣʶҩԼҩҲûܣֵַĲԱǰѾˡ
˪Ҳãôһûбȳʵѡˡ
úþС
ӣҲͬⰡһ˵Ŀء
ӣദļͥΧһҪУһҪ
˪Ҿû⣬ǽ׼ĶҲ࣬չһҲУǡȥʱҪ̫ۡ
ӣü䣺ĺˣһʳǲǷֵͷ𣿻ͷżͷŵ˺ʹҲøʲô̫۵ģǴ̨űֽȥѴϡ
ԵĶѲܸǿ԰ûпװˮĶȻÿˮǸ⡣
ڶһ磬ӣ֮緹ԼʵʵĲȥҳҡ
ʱ򣬷ֳҺͳѾæˡ
ĵؼɾԼסһ̸Ҳǲ֪Ķ˸ľ壬Ժѩһ·
˵ϻᰲɨѩӣӣҲ֪ɨѩӲɨ
æһϣСӻ㣬ڵġ
ӣ˴緹һһͷͷﻹܲɣһͰڵİࡣ
ãǶš
һ£ͷеɤӣǳġ
ӣ㣬и͵͵Һʦ㳳Ǹ
ӣһ¾֪꣺ʲôģ
һˣſſڿǣȻֹˡ
ҲѲ£ӣ˰ʲôöʱٸһ״
ӣ˵ˣ֮ǰһһĸ̫࣬ӣƽ
⡣
Ҳȱ£ӣչ˵Ĳã˳ҲɡҪչ˵̫ãҪ˵Ǹ̫
ӣţĸ̫ˡ͸ɶڽϣҧ˶˰
˷͸ˡ
ӣָǱ棬ҵ㲻ǻ¡ǰʰãŴãϲ̫䡣ֻʰסһУڲùܡ
ӣһ˴ӲԼõϸڸи㱨иοӣͺܺãԶ
̫ãиҲĥˡ
ĺܺãԺʹ°׼С
ӣû˵˳иҲѾͷѰ죬ҪʮˣǴӶҲʹø⣬ôŶ鷳
ӣ̽ţвУˣҸһҩ֪ʶǴӲԼںɽҵҩȻˣҩҲǮ͸ֵҼҵس
и˵Ĳ֪ôãһӣĽʺûҪ֡ҲӣģܸԼǽѡ
Ǿ̫ˣ
˸˩סˣʡĴΪĿ
ӣ䶨£Ҳúܶࡣʴֵ̿Ͳ𡣳סƷûв˵׼ʲôʱͶˡ
иƬ̣İһ㣬ֻ࣬һģ̿ҲֻһС㡣
ӣ֪㣬ܱûǿ㶫Ҳǳ𣬵·Ķô¡
и˼ȥŰԺǽˣ˵ԺǽҲûжשֻѩݣȻˮ
ıǽҲǶã磬Ҳⵥ䷿棬ٽҰɽ˸ˡȵˣʱҲ¡
Ǳǽ¿ϡ棬һȺС־͸һҪ
˭ҵģҺӱߣɶ͸֣
˭׼飡
˵ӳɶأ۸ǽ
˭֪أ˱ĴӾͲܡ
ɣȻطôƫҰҰǵģ˸ס
ҲǣҸղſɶҲûУûǽܰ˸

ϡֺ£źͷǽľųǣѩûôѩôߵıǽ
ҲûȥڳɷֲãȥһϿ̱ģǾҪ䡣
ٿźȴֻܶŰĳ񣬳ɬҲ֪ʲôʱóĳڱǰ
źһУӣ˪ȥ˳ҡ
˳ڳԷأϷһײаͰ
ǸҫڳԵģҫһˮŭˣ˰ñһܳȥ
˳꿴ӣˣԾǱΪӣҲŵġ
ӣžüͷ󲮳Էأʳð
˳һͺ֪ӣ߲ơ
ӣӶͳһ
˳üû˱Ϥֽˡ
ӣдµϴ飡
ӣ˦ֽƸš
ľҪ
ӣȻĸҵøɣҽ鵱£Ϊô˾͹ȥˣ
ʵЩ»ӣûˡ
ֻ˭̫أ
аѱǵǰۡ
˳ǿţҲ˵ʲô
дʲôģܳϴ飬Ҳ֤ӣԭˣҲ֤ʲô⡣
ӣüۼЦ⣺ǲ˵ʲôҪǰȥһǵİʮǮȥĶˡ
ӣЩͰѸڵˣ˳ĺôҫͬѧΪһֱ˰Ǯȫƭᣡ
ӣ˵úףȷʵû취ҫϲѧ
˳ô˵ҲϵˣҲƾǱ˵¡
ҫھͲһˣڸжƼƣϸѧͼͶֱǮǼ͵ģҲǮݱˡⲻֵһѧ
˳üĿң
ӣ˦˦ֽջȥôĸٱQΣ㿴ҸҲҡ
˳֪ʲôģҲöĶӣͦõģҪԼôѹԷ˳˳ˮģžͰۡ
ӣѻ˳Ĳˡ
ӣѾͷڿʲôҸɵġ
һġ˳ڡ
ӣǹţǴĸԼҲҪʶҲ˭Ǵúùӵģ㲻ңҲǡ
岻ʱͶһ£Ҳÿǵĵӡ
˳ӣã֪ˡ
˵ѹ꣬޵ﶼѪζˣҲҲӦ
ҫۿžҪҵˣҪǱѧô죡
ңҲǡҲˡ
֤ӣĵͷ뿪
˪ı˳ǩµĶõģҲš
ʲô
˪ӣǣԼң
ֳɵͷðֻС󣬳֮ļ΢ͷŴζɱļʵߵؼҲáͷ󵽷棬͸˺ɫ֭ȼ黹óԣ
ʳûֱϸõͰϵߦ棬ڵһ֭סԡ
ӣһ롣
Ǽļ꣬䣬ֻһĸµҲˣ˾ͳˣȿٱһֻСĸС
˵һֻµе㲻ԣӣüҲУٵٵɡ
˪ʰС԰пѰֻˣֻѩĴ
ŵζӸƮѾľˡ
ӣԴӽÿ춼ڳԳԳԡ
еʱŵڵζ
˳ǰİײһڶԲȥ
ԣϵĲ˱
ʱҫڻˣҫİŷݣ˳궼ڷǰŻһ
ȥĶˣ
ҫڲ𻰣ĵߣһֻѾ͸˵Сĸ


28 
ҫԼҲû뵽, ǸղųȥһȦĺ£
ܳȥЩڣ캮ض, Ӱ, һѩ
ѧУʱôܳԺõģѧУܳͷƬؼֻ֮ܳԸɰͰ͵ǸմҽԺúúò
ҫﲻɵԹû£ԼôûͶ̥һüͥǳͥҲڳ⡣
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ҫڹһй׼ؼҴ, ȴͻȻѩһӡ
һ, ʹ͸ȥ
Žӡһҫڴϲ֪˭ҵļ, ѩﶳĶ߶ء
ҫ˿ûԥ, ˼, ܲļʹû¾ͰѼˡ
ҫ˵, һİͲϲüңɺˣҲˣ
ϲ̾ͿҫͣȥһȦܰ׬һֻ, ˭ܲۺ죡, ø, Ҳмˣ
˳Ҳ¶һ˿Ц, ղűӣҵɢࡣ
ˣϽѼˣѼëɽȥɲܽ˷֡
˳һֻ˵ʲô壬Ͳ˵ңԼҵļˣҲҪ۵ʹһĳ̶ȡ
裬Ѽȫˣʣ¡
˳ҪѼԣ±˶˵¡ɴѼȫˣһһ١
ҫҲ⣺裬һҲӵײˣղŵأզˣаȣٸһ
۾ЦˣӦ
Ȼʱȫžһ˼ӣζԼҵҲǲģ

ӣȷʵŵˣŵ֮ǰ˸ڵ̸
ʱ֪˵ʲôá
аƾΪֽкõĵԣҫǸ
˪ûڵ̸ŵ˸ڵζ
üڼҼһѼأɱҲǴӣ߼ϲ¡ڸձԼԼˣ
ûǴĻڿֻһֻСĸ
µɱˣǱ׼Ӳ
ӣƲ죺ſɡ
Ȼ֪˭ҵļҫС͵Сûܵͷ￪ۡ
ЩԼûйϵˡ
ӣڵĩÿȻѣȻǳԺɹ̫żָɸɻ
⣬˪
㣬Űɡ
ӣɷˡ
»Сޣ̫ĿռѸ
ӣԼɤҭһ̫ˣûĺó
ӣڣԼӦ׼ĥʱĶ˵еɻ䣬ҲôŪӦ򼸱׻ÿ۾ҳҳ
˪üҪɻ
ӣ
˰ɣӣŽָ̫ˣ
˪ĳЩ˶ʵԵе֡
˲ˣһԼȥɰɡ
Ȼģһ˭øš
˪ϴɾ֣˵ﻹмס
ӣ۷Ź⣬˪ݷ䵹һ£ԼĳССıӡ
ӣŹɫĲ׶ˣòʲôľװɣ
˪Цˣôܣ˵ˣ˲ףһܰѲˣ򣬵ζһҪöġܰ²ѣѵǼ򵥵Ĳóԡ
ӣͷϱԹĳλרĽ𽱴ǰߣһȥΪˣͬĹ۳λĺʳͺһ㡣
ֻ˵ʳĺͲףҪǿϵĹóķ
ӣأ
˪Ƭ̣ʦ³ϵģҰǴ˳ӣһиʦǰǰ˵ĹӡѧıȽӡ
Ƭ֮˪ѵӣǰ¶һɥôҲûãòϡ
ԼͲ˵ˣӪ಻࣬õҲ±±㣬ʣ¾ӺͽӣƷҲǼҳˣҪܵ仯Щϲˡ
ʦǶҲˣΪѵǼʦֺʦ塣
ʦڳʳøɻģһǼ֣ȥȫǼҳζҪǵѿءϴ࣬سǵķ֯ʳøɻżվˣʦ¶
˵ʦҲת˵ǻЩ˶ˣ̫ķѣû˼
ӣ۵Ȱһ䣬Щǻȥģٹʮ꣬ҶΪԵ֮ͣЩڽϰ̯СԣֻҪչضܷһʡ
ӣģôãԺ϶Եģ˵ǻܿԼĲ͹أ
˪ôס
ڶǹӪĵ꣬ȵܽи˿꣬һʲôʱˡ
ӣʮּᶨ϶ԣ
˪ҲŶʮһٹʮҲʮһһ˵õʱ
ӣúǧʦһ£ԺҪȥп꣡
˪ıӣãգԡ
ӣȷʵܻԣ˪Ķ̣ǿ仹һЩ˴ŵС飬ᵽؼϵġ
˪ǰˣԼ˵ûƷļįÿǧõĲ˶˸ˣһóԾʹȻҲǿޣȴġ
ӣһĺͷֻܳԡ
˪ҸһӵĲˡ
ӣðҲŬǮʱ㿪͹ݣ
Ĵھ֮ٶ飬Ǯδعꡣ
ӣȻ㣬ҲᶨԼͷ
ںɽſҩֿԣԺôϸ˾ʹŴһҩģ
໰⣬ӣ²ףһͰԼˡ
ӣһҳˣ˪ʹչȥһͰ˪Ĭˡ
ˡ
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֪㷭ҳһҳ챻ˡ
˪չȥٰдŷǽҳĲ׺ϣԺһ
ʱ˵ǽˣԸζϼѡ˪·Ҳ㲻Ķ
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ӣ̴ӷǽãȥ
µģһˣаײˡ˪Ӹóˣϴɾ֮ͿʼɱƬƬƬгɱƬٳ˺ͷһͷٰƬ档
ȵʱӶ㣬̲סʿˮ
Ĳˣ͵׷׷ݳˣ˪ڰ׷˵ף
ӣҲԵĸˬ졣
Ƭ˪˺ľʹײˣһĽ㣬ζȫůˡ
̫Ҳúãζ
˰꣬ȸɾ̫ҲԼõЬһƤӣ
Ьʵ̫˼ߣȥȻּԼС
̫̫̾Ҳڲ̫ۣȻƤݣƤĺãոֺÿַ硣
ӣѾ⣺Ҳܺá
ڴϣ϶ůͣ
ӣѶʱһҾǷͷжˣ̫ӣȥᣬ˪վǸŴӵһȥѲߡ
ӣȥһ˳Һͳ񴦣Щദ˴Ҳʮ졣
ԶԶӣʹкӣ㣡
ӣ߽˻е죺ôʱųԷ
ѾˣʱԿе
Щ˼ңأʱ䡣
ҵֱûټҹһѩıҲǿӣŲʱѾˡ
ӣһֻۣ߹һ˼пͷ֮ǰ˪֮ûǰѿͷŵͨˣֻڲŪֻǿۡ
ӣС׻и棬࣬಻զҲУŵǹֶġ
ӣ֮ǰ̲˽ˣζ
ӣųݣ͵ӻóһֽ
һС񣺡˾Ͱֽˡ
񵽵׻СȲֽ۾ˡ
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ӣ㣡ǴĶŪİ̫ˣ
ӣͷԺ֪ˣųųԶУһٸʦ˵
ͷսȭͷȵһҪúðӣ㣡һӣԿ
ӣˣҲ߹һŪݡ
˵ǰ˸ǽԵĶûеģӣʴҪ˸ӹָֻ룬ͳԺ˵ľ壬ˣԱҵһģ棬ǿǷ˳ĳϷ
кԷĥĥ䣬ֽ̯ڱϡ
Ҹ뿪ѵӣҲףûӳ׿˵Ҳ֪ԼܹӶӣ÷ô˿
˼ôĹգô˼˼ҵأ
ӵӣְѻ˻ȥ
Ͻԣллӣģȿһܰӣժöҩ
ұĲèЦֵаɣͷҵý֣̽ͷҩϴٶˡ
ʮը˵ըģʵҲûöͣⶼ׳˶ͺһ㣬˪ǰпƣһ㱡ͣͬʱڹ׿ŻֱơһϣһûУ
տڳеζ̫أʳȴܺá
ʱ˶ȱζȱˮҲǰͷһγ⣬ھͳŨζղܡ
ûҶԣ꣬ʣµ鶼
һҰè˺ü㣬ȷζɢ
ŶĽӣ˺ã˪պãҸӵϹ̫ˡ
ӣ͵͵дһЩԵĹÿһζôãóĽĲˣ
ЦôĿˣ㳪Ϸˣ׼ҸӵϹˣ
˭˵ģҵȻҪϷİ
дʣҾΪϷģֻ˳ҪǼӰҳϷҿ϶Ͳˣ
һСѾͷߴߴҾȻҲһԼȻʮԲҸĴ
죺ԼΪĿ꣬ɻڼۻʲôԲҪǳ˽ǣÿ¾ùˣ޲һҲԣҿÿȥԵģʲôʲô
ҰѩϸϸˣȻٺú÷ҲѩɾԼİóû
һ񣺡ССˣ֪ʲôмˡ
˵һʹʮˣԼĵطҪϷɲǳϷǽĸѹϵĴʯͷ
Сô˵ǳֻҪһͷܶδϣ
ô֪Сʱ߶߶߶˵˵ȥҾ͸һǵȥһǮǵȥ˻Ǯ
񣺡ҲŲҪǣ
ʹЦôأ
ָͷˣɽȥˣҸطɤҲû˹ңʱһһһ߸ӣժҩʦȥˣҾ͸ȥʱҹҲˣ϶̨ǣ
̣ʱңҿ϶˵㲻˵ĸͱŵܵȥҪǮɣʱҾͰӣҲһʹͳǣú԰
ûдڳδһз·нʱ򡣳ţԼԵȲϣԵȵһ죡
ӣʱ򣬻Ѿˡ
꿴ӣǲûˣһŤͷ۲Ĳ
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ŶĸŮ˴յһݺݰ͵Ұèʮ˴
ӣб۾һ꣬˿û飬۷Ź⣬˷أһ͵Ǹײģڶ𻨼ҶļǾɵġ
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Ƥһ˵Ǹװǰɣ
ӣû˵ҲӱӸڵһˡ
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ӣû֣һץֳͺѶҲʵڲκǣ
ҫ͵һοû˷֣ƾżе
ҹ·߶ˣܻһӡ
ӣҡҡͷͷŸźһȺ̫̫˵
Ѿ£ˣ̫߶߶˵Ҫ࣬ŻĶӣҲ÷ḻһƷ֡
̫̫Ҳһ죬ҺĥԵǵ£Ȼϲȫھڡ
̫һ̫̫˵С뻨Ұָһ̫̫˵׻档
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ӣ
Ŷ۳ԵģʱҲ˶ĸ߷ڡ
䣬ȥĥԵģɲǱů˼ɶ
ҲΪɶÿʮ·ݶӸ߷ڵԭ򡣸ϵҲã˫ϾޣǸ̾ʱͶĽճ̰š
̫ЦǺǵģⶼû׼¡
ǲţΪӣСٵһҲʹá
ӣԼҲеͻʵһֱûи˪۹
˼ǲġ
ΪģҪµĺס
ӣϴȥǮջңִиǶҽֲᡷ͡и֪Ͳò˵ũȻȽǰĻúܶ࣬ɻֺܶ⡣
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½˵ĳƳ輧Ůͽܣһֻ˵ģΪǡȥֻܿѺȡ
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Ϊҽһ룬飬ʣ¾ЩҩģĪ˵ԼˣϱֵⶼЩ㲻
ͽʲôҪͽģֻд˵еˣӣԾԼܡ
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и겻ÿᣬ˶ݹ
׳ѺŴյϣظһǰһĻ
εиֵʵһͷгķʱ춼жָ
Ƿ⻷ڣӣθ˲λ
ҪһΣӣ󳦣ͷＹ
Ͳ˵ˣٵô־ǡ
ϴ˪õ÷ɳԳ˻ǰһٽӣ̲⣬ǼӵĶģڷóԣ
ҪΣӣ׼ҩһӶڳĿУ֮ӣҪ˺ܶѪ׼ûؼҹѪͷţøԭ㡣
һǰźõģҲվ˵ɡ
Ϲ֣˪զܹ
ǣҪҪؼͰһˣԼǮľǻǮӲ
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Ҳȷʵ֣æµһ꣬Ҽһó˼ҵ׼ꡣ
ĥͷϵ˲û׼
С죬ӣ˪һӲء
Ȼ˿޺š
ӣ㣡Ҫˣɣ


29 
һɤӾͰӣ˪˳, ӣŵĺȻǮջҵǸŮСѾͷͷģϴŵ¾ܳ, Ьѩﶪһֻ
ӣҲһ, һʱ֪á
Ǯջڲ߸£ôҪˣ
ӣ˪ȥҩ䣬СŮʵȥҽԱ𣿡
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ЩǰĽ, ȥѧϰ͹Ÿ˽Աûйʣֻнһθһ飬ӵļٸ͵㼦
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ҪȥһҲǧ, ҪȥΣղ˵, һҲҪ߰˸Сʱ
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˪Ѿʰҩ, ñΧ˳, ҩ, Ҫӣһߡ
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Ѿͷ˪ĴΧˡ
˪ӣ֣˶Ĭۏѩȥҡ
յңԶһӡ
һ͵ͷĨᣬָɣ
ģҾ˵䣡ԼҪŵģզˤһ»ң
ӣɲܹһ˵Ҿ˵䣡ϱԼƢƽʱֲǲ֪
ӣӣ˵䰡ջǲǱëզǳŻһӾ˰
ӣţüͷ
˵һֺģԺ߰㣬ǻæųܡ
һȧǸʵ̫ǶĭɣָصĶ˵Լû˵ɶԱһ긾Ů˵һ£͵Ժ㡣
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ԺﻹھڣҲмޡ
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ʱͷͷףֽŶΡΡ̫̫
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ϽŶţջŸտʼȥнԱ߰˸СʱҲϵϣһ̥ĹҪ
û˵ͽ̫̫ߵüĿĸŮˣҿ沰զôãò޻Ѳ˰
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һڣѾͷ̶ۣţȥбˡ
иˣ˪ĸУ˼£һ㶼ϰϣȻǸӼͥ
ӣæµǮջʹϾǴ鷳ӣҿҩͿ˼룬ָܻܲ㾢
Ѿµĸȥջ𣬶ѾҲ֪Ķ˰Σ˲Ÿҳڽ߾ǸСβ͡
ӣæһʱ򿴼иˣиӣɫС꣬Ҳ鷳˪ˣͷдĺ
ӣʹû˵˵ԵģǮջҳ˵һ䣬˵ˤˣֶƵġ
Ǯջʹ϶иʵʲѰ˼Լ֪ܲӳɴӣһ䡣
ӣ˵꣬ϱֱĸߡ
˭˵ģ˭˵ҼҴƵģ˭ˣƤһϿʺӣǲܹ
ҲһͿ޺ĶǴ󱦰󱦲Ŷ㣬һޣܸɶջ˵䣬Ҳժҵĸΰ
ӣͥϷѳиɣ˽ȥС
ǮջǷҪģӣȰ۶УҪʱ
ӣϸҲףȵǮջˣСƽʱ˼Ҳֻ˵ûʲô£Сƽϸʲô
˵һǮջԼأҲǮջǵʱ˺һ³
ӣҡҡͷȥˣֳ棬Ƿḻ
иǮջǮջжôţǮջԼͷƽʱ˵ʮҭˣԵҲã˭
ΪѾͷоڣ˼жӾûˡžͲϲ
ŵϱǸᡣ
иüΪǣݣиһӺ˽⡣
ӣϰСס͸һҲô׽ǰЩ껹ã˵׽ǶӣҲǸȢţ˼ңԼܣ͸˷ӡ
ǮջһѾͷһѾͷڶѾͷ꣬źü궼
Ҫ֪֮˶࣬Ķࡣ˭ҶǺüеĸŮһ߰˸Ҳ
ҾŮûӣϱۿŲ
ﲻ֪զģ;Ժÿŵܵܵĺϡ룬ˡ
ǰǾͷ߶ͷҡ
Ǹƻ˺Щϵ˶˵˶ûмҵԽû־ھǸҵ
ôҲ֪ǲǮջ⣬ǵ뾡취һԴӻ֮֮˵Լ˸ӡ
¿ɾ͹ϵˣﶼ߶ˣ˵ԺҪֶӹͻȻϱ˸ﲻþ
и˵ʲôԺֶ϶ǿջʵԭƫۡ
Ҫǲƫۣô޷˵ľͷּҸСӣ
Ҫ֪ڴ϶ϹøŴӷء
̫̫֮ܶҪǶۣдϱ˶ӣǿˡ
ϱ䷢ģ˵ԼûиɣôˣǮջ
иҪ˵ԱߵĶѾͿ޺Ƶģ󱦸͵ǼԺſſţƣ
Ҷˣ
Χ۵һʱ¶Ȼı顣
ѾСڿŵĵĸ״̻ǼҵĲ𣡻ǼҵʳˣҶ˵Ǯҵ󼦵ˡ
СѾͷһһѱ飺ҹյļ
Ҳ֪֪ܵܣǸƯүү״ǿ϶үү£ҪҪð̺Ͷץߣ
ְֲãƽʱǽȻҲûɫǳԺȴǲû裡
Ѿ˶£ÿޣҲĬһޡ
滹Ǯջƺ⽻Աߵ˶ᡣ
иһѰѱɵ۵󱦸ץôЩӳɫһԱһŸС
̾Ϳ޳Ҳңǡ裡˵ֻҪĸܵܣҾͻܳԼ⡣үүҰء
ô죬ϱӦʱ䶼ûУѵͽñӿԼˡ
ҲԩͬǣԼԩ
ûҪôһ䣬ѣ˭֪Сˣ˼మѧʱС벻ô࣬ͰѴɲҸɵ¸ˡ
и̬ãҪȥӡ
ӣվſڣĴ㵣Ѿ˵𣿡
ȻңûҪŰΪ£ֶеƵˣ
һСѾйˣٽƱҲƱ粻ʲôɴƹˤϱˣһƲһѾͷһƲһѾͷģ˵ɶһ̥ҿ㻹ûܹҪֶġ
ȻξСӲģôܲٶĻۣû뵽ϱôã߸¶ȵˣܽˤһ¾ֶųžͿ㵱󲮵ģҲڸ󱦽Ͼɣ
ֱֲǸˣզﻰҪЮ
иҲµҲǼˣÿ
ѾѾѾˣӿһԺӵˣкøеľȻ˪СѾͷͿ˪ߣѵõ˪Ҳûƿǡ
ѾſɬףѾķŭô˵ƣ³еĲʱ˵ʱˡ
죬ܾᡣ
ƶǮջһ̥ǶӣǮջ˶ӣʱҪֵܾѶʹãһǸŮأ
⸱ŮѾ˳ץŽ֣ⱲӶҪŰְ֡
һģ
˪ʱ䲻һ䣺ղʱȰҪȥҽԱ
һ仰Ȼƽֱ𣬵һף
Ī˵ǹעĵΧ۵˶ɲǣտʼϱһһϽŹžУǲǮջҴ򣬾ӣҲҵĴѾԼ͵ȥҵġ
иҲ࣬ﻹûףɵˡ
˪ɶ˼˵׼Ǯջͷ
ǣûУ
ˣ㲻Ҫңûû˵Աǡ˵ģ
էȻһϲСϱ̣˶ˡ
ǲнԱǲϴǮûڴ˵ˣԼҲڣǮջǰ̥ҲļѣǼѣҲƽƽ
ΪӸԱǮôѩ˵Ҫ飬ֵã
üĿʹ࣬Ϊ˽ܵܵĺӣȻͼϵԽĥź
ΪʲôûжӣôͲиӰ
иӣһˣҲܴΪ˶ʹƴΪһĸס
ôһˣƾʲôͲԼĶأ
иڻʹˮȴû׼̲סһ
ϻûԣɼҲˡ
ΪԼ˶ӾͻɸֲһӴתӡ˶ӣƾҲΪ˶Ӷɲţ
иһʼˡ
С£Ǵˣ͵ĵˡ
ҪǮջ˳ã淣Ҳ͹ȥǮջҪ˳ϾͲܲˡ
иĸǹ׶۽ϱ̱ˣ֪ǿǮջˡǮջúõģǾǷһǮջãǹƾҪϹһȥˡ
ӣọ̈̄Ŵɫ԰׵Ǯջ˵һ䡣
ﵹǶܺá
С󣬴Ǹ֪ȥ˾ˣС֪Ϊĸ˵
ĺӶ۰
ǮջüĿҲʹ࣬¡
Ѿͷãͷ˪˺ŮΪ˵
£ָϣ沰ػģҪС޺ȡ
ӣûٶ˵ҲһǮջ̥ܲ˳һǡ
Ҳ֪кûŮá
ƺǮջӣ˶һ˿Ӳ壬ٱֵһ̰ʱѾѾӻôأ
ǸŮǮջŮ

ϵʱ䰾ľãھһԣԶؼϢȥˡиҲסˣмм¼ǵȥ
ϱҲˣߵʱȥóһܡ
ӣҹ㣬˪⺰ڡ
Сҹ˪׼һӲˣҲ˪ͳջȥһˣͷһͷ⣬һвˡ˵ʣĶ
ӣ̻ʵĳȥָԱվŵСá
Ѿק˶ѾһѣжѾӣ㣬ǲ԰ɡ
ӣһᣬ¹ɵС˭Ҳõһ
ɷ˵ͷǣӣ˿ɫϲԱˣʱ򹬿Ҳˡ
ӣ治Ǹɴţһ߸Ǯջһ߻ҪǮջ룬м仹ùʱ̹עĹڿʲôʱ
ΪڿӣԼǰѧһҽ÷Ǯջ
֮ǰûв죬ӣźλòҲľһ
ӣַ̥λ̿ž̾˵ԼǰϽѧʱ̫̫Ҳһ÷Լûѧᡣ
ţ˪š
ȵӣĵٳ͸ʱ˪Ѿǻˡ
ѾѾϽȥ˯ڵ˯ˣ˪ı͸
ӣ˪˵ʲôƬ֮˻ȥ
ӣһˮһҹˮˣֻﺬһȥ
ͻȻ洫̵ڿˣ죡ӣڿˣ
ӣ²豭ͳȥҲµģղŻһ㣬ĥٰСʱôھͿˣ
ӣһϣʼɣ
ѾˣԱλҲܲܰѺͷƻȥ
Ǯջһҹжûˣӣ¯ϵҩȥҺúҹɰιȥǲȱ
ӣææ⣬ҲתƣѾѾҲ¯
Ȼ٣ϵĴ棬ӱȽ徻
ҲӣЧСλǸ˳˹һСʱСĵһޡ
ʱƣĸﻹץһ긾ŮֱţԱˣ
Աһţ۵һɤӡ
ãϸСβ͡
ӣĨͷϵĺѺӵݸ΢еʶǮջһۡ
ҲſһվӶˡĲУҳȥֻſ쳤ӡ
Ǹ𣿡


30 
ӣѺӸǮջһ, ǮջѾûˣºӵϣĿӣ
ӣǸŮ
ǮջĹ˲Ϩ, ˮ۽»䡣
˿, û¸ӡ
ӣҲ֪˵ʲôã˸ŮѾѾĨһѺģϾŮһܵܣôԺۿɼΪܷܵסӱͲˮƽ, ˵û
˸á
ӣҲ֪Ǯջ˵ǶôĴ, ԺҪڱ˳Цûӵ۹, Ҫųɷ͵沼
ãӣŶǮջ˵ŮһֱƢӲǸʲôˡ
ʵ, ѾͶѾǹɵС, мȻмﻷ̣ǲòƢȥԭ򡣵ͬҲǮջĽ֮
СǴ˵, ͬ˳һ, ĸ, ҲǸиëй֮޲
˳Ц, ǰԺȫԼ͸һ, Ұ趼, ʱҲûӡһҲ
˵, ҲΪҽ, ҾЦҲЦ
ҲԵģҲԼûƲ㡣
ӣ˵꣬ǮջĬˡ
ӣҲ֪ԷĬԭֻܰѺӽ§š
ԱҲˣԷĴȻרҵԱǲ鿴Ǯջźӽ˼顣
ææµµǮջѾ۾˯ˡ
ӣţ˵䣬ʹҩ뿪
ߵԺֻ۾ðŹ⣬һӣ
ӣƲƲ죬ˡ
ǮջôҪǿ̫Ҫǿˡ
ųͥѵĸԭ
ӣ鲻ãѾѾҲĿ⾼΢ᡣ
иСˡӣԶ˵
ѾĿһ¾ͰȥѾȻСҲ֪ԼиܵܶáץŽ֣ͱŲ˵
˪ӣ״̬ãǰסԱˣǾˡ
˪ӣ뿪ѩĿ
ǿʵίޣѾѾûޡ
ˣСҲĬĬᡣ
˪ǣӣѩߣ˶˵ӣ̫ˣæһҹǮջʱͦΣյĹͷҲۼֿ춢Ųû¡
ôһҹһ֪ûĽӣۼۡһ仰˵ˡ
˻صң˪Űӣ·£ָһˮϴţӣԺıϴϽι˵ԵģȻһǡ
˪֣˯һ
ӣůı˯ȥ˪ѼĶһҲڴϡ
ȵӣѾ°ˣ˯κȥͶһ¡
˪ڱ˱رѣ˵ڲ磬˯һɡ
˯߸Сʱ
ӣѾ˯ˣŹ๾еĶӣԼüӵȼϲܶ
˪ûޣȥӣҲҪ´˪ڴϡ
˪Ӻϣϳԡ
˵Ÿӣȵɡ
˪ȥϵĲ˸ȣ׼õĲ˶ͻֻ¹һ
̨һİӣţ̫ġ
˪Ѱˣְײˣһ
ӣ̻ʵĳȥ⽹㽹ģҲǺζ
Ҳóԣ󼦵ӣƣڰżɶ
˪ģϲһ󼦵СʱҸץҲôԡ
һģӣζһ£ͦóԵġ
˪ҸСʱ򲻳ԼƣΪԼƣԲŹѼ
ӣȻûλҲˣʳ
ӣȻʳ
˪ͷҸʳСʱ춼ҲҲԡ
ӣ̾ǲŴȥƵֵԸҲ̫ˡ
˰ײ˳꣬һֳӣŽо㡣
ϵи֪ҲȥɻᣬԾڱš
ӣ˪ָ˪ģָȴǺںͺģ˳ǹҡ
˪ͻȻڣǮջ
ӣ̾ļѡ
ʵûǮջ˵ǮջѾŲס´λˡ
Ҳ˵ǮջҪӵĿѾǳͣ͵ԺԲơ
ӣҾǾôѾѾеϧ
Сﶼֶ£úδػк
˪ͻȻ˵⼸ȲҪӰɡ
ӣʹ˵ڣ˪˵˳
ӣľ˪˪˵棬һҹкü룬һ㣬һô졣
£㣬ҾϲҪˡ
˪°ͷӣϣǵȹЩɣСҲġ£͸Ǯջһ̫ˡ
ҶˣٹͿûлȥʱڳҲЩ
ӣǱҪǴߵĻ
˪Ҿ˵ʱҪһж˼ҪǾù껹̫磬ЩʱҲеġ
ӣ𣿡
˪ʮּᶨģӦ
ӣʮָж˪
˪Ц𡭡Ƕ˵ȲҪӵġ
ӣе죬˪˼ǡ
˪סӣ֣⼸̣Ƚ˵
ӣü˪Ȼ档
˪Ҳ֪͸ڻǰ£ͲôΪѣʱҲð
ڡ
ʵǾԼܡ
ӣſ˪Ķ˵һ˪˲۾ͷˡ
ֶ
ӣƭҽԺﶼеġ
ӣҲ̾ʱȻ˪֪С£Ҳˣũö࣬һԭǼƷûռҾûȥС
˪ͷŵһ£Ҳࡣ
Ҳ׼Сҹ˵һ˺ͺһٵģҲϲˡ
˪˵׼ˣҲҪչ
׼һ٣ӣȥ̫
ӣȥˣŷһҵѾֵɡ
̫Լ£˻ģӣϾ۵İš
̫̫Ҳˣ˵ӣʹ
˵ԭȴһӣҽʣڸûˡ
ӣĻҪǮð
ӣѾͷа˼˵Ǯջ̥λˡ
Ķ˵Ǯջһ͸ˣ
˵Ҫһģһ͸˳ˡ

ӣϽͣûһ룬ö룬ȵģҲûһӾˣһҹء
̫̫ǿɲЩ˵ɡ
˵˵ţᵽҡ
ǼҲ治ǸĶΪ˽дСӾͰѴϱŪⲻǻ𣿡
ǰӶƫˡ
ӼֶһѾͷզ찡
û˵ͷˣ˵ǮջҴӳ˵׼ӳԼȻϱ


31 
ǮջһŮ, ϢڶյĴﴫķɿ졣
ϱǶˣǮջһŮŮ
ԺҪֶ, 󱦰ǮջһѵҲܺŪȥˡ
üɫ裺Ҿ˵û, ƫƫջаǵɣ⻨˺üǮҽԱӣ, 󻹲ɼע˵¡
ϱҲ, Żؼҳҹ, ˻˲֪ԭǮջһ
ϱʱԼǰЩЩ߶ûգӦˣ
ϱһܻԹţȴ˫˫һ, Ȳͷųȥ
Ҳֺ, ѴӽйϸϸϱҲ˰ɣ, ˶ӣҲû, ǰĿֶ, 㿴ųģܲТ˳㣿˵, ˤģô
ϱǲĵ, ž, ȥɵø, ˶, ǻճóԺúûȥѾǺˡ
ѾͷƬӣһԲľȥˣǻ¡һɤž͸״զˣҸ̵ģҪСָŸӳ
ȥϱ˵ȥи˵Լ׷ˡ
ӸӲͦû£컹һ˸ڴӣ°ʪ͸ˣ˯أǴˣҲԵˡ׼׷ˣ
ɪţǰûУ
ȷʵϲӣ˭ϲһòֵ˰
С˵˸ӣϰпĲ
ֻŮ綼Ǽ޳ȥǮ
뵽һ䣺ϸӣͽԱǮ
ŲӣԱĿǮһǮӣû
Ǯ
ĸζˣؿںݺǽԱʱӶˣһæûϣ˼ҪĿǮǮҧǲǣ
ֲˣҲ
˸Ѿͷ˵ǮˣԼˡ
ǵʱڣڴҲһţֱӷҪĿ飬˵һȥĲףҲס
Ա˼ҰҹѣۏŴѩģѩﶼĸСʱĿǮҲӦõġ
Ů˵ԼûˣֻܸĿǮ
̵һǮ˵˵ģǱңҲС
ӣߵ磬ûӣǮ
ɣ˾͸ˣӣľͲˡЦѾͷɶǮԭȾʱ򣬽ӳѾͷһӶġ
⻰˵ľͲˣڣһἥ䡣ӳѾͷǮǶɶµˣʱǲǮǴҶûǮҴֵģ޸Ů޸һ
ʲô£
ҼӶѹǲǮĻû
ﻹ˵ء
ȥҪǮܺˣòд󱦣ŵİҹ˵
ۣ۵Ǯʹӡ
Ǯֶܺúò
һţǻ
һ⣬ټǮջ˸Ůˡ
ǰԲסǮջӻŮںˣǮջŮƾһ̥ģһ֪ʲôʱء
һڸԼģֺα˦Ҫ
˵ˣڡ
ſ϶ѹסӣɶҪͣ
ĬĬӦһת뿪ˡ
Ǯջ˯һ磬ʱˡ
Ǹ·ĽԱûߣ˿ܸܲι̣кҲõźȵߡ
ѾͶѾѾĸ׺Եģϸ׷ԼһŮǹѩ˰ΣȻӶûͳȥˣ֪ȥĶ
Ͼͳ˰ͷҲˡѾҲĸûԵģι˸ճãԼ
ѾſڴͷСá
СӤͲѾǸСèһ
ѾգСõ͡ӤĴУԼȫо
ѾейΪʲôһҪеܵܣǽ˵ܵܣһӲ̧ͷͦˡ˵ܵܣְ־ͻرãҲ̺Ͷ
ѾȻһܵܡ
γԵúôúãֻ̺ܰͶݺһ٣Ǵ󱦣˵ܵܣõܵȥ󱦣Ѵļ
ǡ
ΪʲôƫƫǸأ
ѾЩģְֱֲϲããְֶڵϿˡ
ְֿ޾Ϳްɣ̶ְָһġ
ѾµҲޣҲϲá
ǲǾ̫˰ûϲ
ѾõСԴ룬Ҳϲ㣬ҾǿѽָһɣȻٸһϲ
Ѿ˷ָǮջ˸ȵǮջʱΧŮĶڿȡůСǸ˯š
ԱһǮջ˯̫һ˯ʮСʱСǸôιء
ǮջСŮСССһţСС˺ܶࡣǮջŮʼСŮι̡
ԱСӳ֮ټһ飬ȷû֮󣬲ŸǮջ˵һþչˣȻ뿪ˡ
Ѿȥ˷Ѽݸĸס
Ǯջ˼ٿŮģҲϿ
̫ˣյ㣬һš
ǮջûȥĶˣǿҳǰ׼СްѾæǰȥǮջûදشϡ
Сް˷죬ƴƴմհ磬ڴճһе㱡ް
ǮջްŮϰɣ˼ҵΧˡ
Ѿһ£Ǻһıʣ˰Χӣˣ
Ǯջڲ׼ް͸񣬲޻Ȼ٣㹻Ůϡ
ѾްĿΣǮջһ۾˵УӶ̡
ѾŻ˵̣
Ǯջûʱִްˣһøˡ
ѾҲˣĽްģ뵽ԼֲһɻûҪôԾû˵ôҲ벻ôõްȻҲķݣ
ĸŮڿϴţõʱˡ
ݣǮջˣ˵ˣǮ
ǮջüǮʲô
Ϊϸø˭ǮûֲڣԱӦǸˣȻ˲ߵô
ŵӦҲˡ̵׵ģʡ
ǮջǸӣ𣿡
ȥֻӣ᲻Ǯߡ
Ǯջ²ʣ˼ҲҪɲܲӣδܳŹ
ȻۣʶһֱڣҲ֪Уһֱӣ̲ǰְˡ
Ǯ󹻣˼ҸŰ˰ҹˣȥͰɣҲͼ
ǮջǷˣͬģҲ֪ǰͷӣѿ˼Һǲǰӵæ̶ŵһǮģӣǶû˵ˡ
Ǯջţڻʮ飬ӣǮʹá
һ£Ȼ˵ﲻиӣˡ˵˸ѾͷѾͷͲø
Ǯջ˼ǽ˸Ѿͷ˭ҽѾͷǮˣнԱ㲻Ҳ˼Ұ𣿡
ӣһأϣҲӦá
ǮջͻȻӦǮǸӣģǸ˭ģ
ϱʵͷϣ⶯£ǳϵʹ󱦵ġ
Ǯջŭӣ裬ĸǲˮﳤģһû´أָʹҪǮҪǮʲôֶҵ»ûأƾʲôǮ
ߵϱ䲻˵һ䣺˸Ѿͷ
Ǯջ˲˰أ˸Ѿͷôˣ
ѾͷԺôˤ衭ջ󱦾㣬Ҳ˰ɡ˭С˭ء
Ǯջ͸ˣ˼ǣҲ׼׷ҵ¡øǮǰɣ
żһԴȥԣһӶżϰԴݺݵȥҲ̧
ǮջˣŮССӣԼǰ·ã
ΣǮջһСɰݳȥǮ
ǮͽҪȥֵֶܺǮ
ǮջɬŵڣСѾһۡΪʲô˵Ǹˣ˵ҲԸҵţҵ
ϱǵ߻ؿϣ˯¡
֪ϱԹܶ£զ찡˭ûӰ
ˣѾͶѾŲɿĸףҲᣬѾСѾϡ
һˣӶ֪ڷ·ֻĸһƯľϡӦôǻĸ뿪ˣԼҲ֪ǰ·ôߡ
ӣСҹճԵ˪׼ĴͣʣⱻһٽӣײڵĽӣģһСԪһպŴ׳ԣζ㡣
ˣϾ͸ɴһ㣬˪Ѽҵһȥһ㣬ζ⿪θ
һܲ˿һӵը飬ɽҩܽӣĺܡ
˪ź׼ЩŪ㺣ŹҲúȡ
ӣſӶæˣԽϵĲѾǺ⡣
ζͣ˹˹ģо̻𡣲ò̾ѾĹȻǴ˳ӣ˪Ҳ̫ݡ
û£ǿӣͿʼ׼
ӣϲ˪Щ˸ɣͱɣ౵ģҲζһ֭ζ
жǸɣɶݿŹһҲ̫óˣʶǶȲϵĺóԣ
˴һ٣˷ӣһ˪ķɳͷҲʵڻƷʵڲˡ˪źðǸôһƷ
ӣŷɳͷȥҡ
ʱ򣬳ҶѾ׼˯ˣӣϽý
֪Ķ˳һǣӣ㣬ûɶ°ɣ˵ȥ˽ˣ
ӣ֣ô֪
ѩ󣬳ͳҲһֱţΣĶʡ
һ£˵Ѿͷ֪զ£͵Լһܡ
񣺡ǲǡǲǳȥת¿ܴܲ𣿡
˵ųһֻӹӣ㣬Ҵģ
ӣզ࣬ôôʵһֻҰãѩɽʱ򣬳ôץİ
ĺܣǩӣиľȥ
ӣò̾ҲС
ǵӴϹèһӣ;Լץһܡ
ӣץԣɲɽȥʱɽ·ݵĶ˿զ죿
ңͱˣٽ˿
ӣ֪³Լ˵ʵҲ£ֻҪ˶У˿ͿɡģҪǳȥץɶģ˿Ҳ˵ʲô
Ͼиʳޣһֱȥ취Ҳǲӣ˽¸ɶóԵˡ˵ˣǴˣһֱҲҪµġǸСӣĶһֱŶг
ӣһͣҲˣӴе㹦ѰǲõİΣģΨһ´ӣ˵ûܺˡ
ӣ͸㣡
֮ǰӣըʱˣһҪӣԣû뵽һô죡
ӣЦԷǣҲȱԼųԡ
һţһٴ򵽵ģ
Ҳÿסڿɽĵطһͼˣ׼ͷ
ӣʵֲͽҺͳûϣҲ׼Ӵȥ˪ˣ͹㡣
ערעȻһǼʵӣ㣬ȥ˳𣿡
ӣаɡ
ੲݣ˸СûСܵأ
ӣ˸Ů
񻶺һ
ӣͺƣŮôˣ
ϴŽЦݣֻҪҪӣررҪƫƫǸŮģҾ͸ˡ
ӣüëô˵
дʣΪЩǶαҶ˵Ůܶ죬˶ҪӡҪҪ˶ܸҲܸҪӹҪȢϱҪӿǹҪӴӡ
һӣҲûƫƫǾ;ԼĲˡԼر
УĲŽʦĲŽ
ЩԼͻ˶ӣӾͻô
ӺСʼһһ졣ǼȻѶӵôˣôܽжӳԿ࣬ԿֲܳɲšԾһѭ
ԣЩԸղźأ
ӣŮ˵˵ĺܶԣںܶʱ򣬻Ҳء
֪ڹҺܶ˶ֵض԰ɣֵҪũͥʱûũҪ۲ƸǺѵġ㲻òϣڴͻһ㡣
γũҪӵ󡣡
Ǵ˵ΪӳǸȽϹˣԴϳЩԷСĦǻһôģȨܲĵطͻϾ
ʱûֻǿҵﲻˮƽǾͻһЩƽ顣
ΪǴģ˾ǲѡĻ£ǻֲƽ¼
ͱһңҪӣ벻ֵһѹԼΪײľ档
ӣ˵꣬Ĭˡ
Ƭ֮󣬳ֿڣͬǣֻʮĹ˫Ŀơ
Ҳͬ⣡
ӣ˵Ļͬȷ˲ܾԼĵطҲҪЩܸıĶ
ЩҪ𣿡
ˣܵ˲ƽѵûбİ취ȥ𣿡
˵ǼŮҪֵܼҵѹЩѽ㲻Ҳ֪Ǽҵĵ˿϶ǷǳµˡΪֻ߲ŻţֻҪԼһӣ˾ͻ߿һۡ
ôܣߣǸߡεģǲѹģԼ˱Ӷѡ
ӣҲ˵ˣǴӳǺܺõˡܺõ˹£û˻ȥѹһҵġ
ǻʲôºηأһЩ˵Ҳ⡣
˶ˣҾͲŵһվһѲ˵˭ǰ
Ǳ˵ľĲǿԼӿĺءų˽ûе˲Ż롣
ӣ𾪣δСС;ȻԴһ峺
飬Լò⣬ᶯҡǲǮջһӻȽϺá
ǳĻȴ൱ֱӣָ˺⡣
ҵ⣬Դȫϡ
죺˷ϾͲҪԹԼûӣôҪӣôԼĸԣ㣿¶˳Կࣿ˵˻ˣ˶ҲԼŬֻŮŬȥӡ
ӣ̾һתԳ˵ܺãһҪˣúӶɡ
һֲ棬ĿȷᶨԼ뷨֮ٻᶯҡ˸ҲԷԼĿ⣬ҼԼĹ۵㡣
ܶ˶δػС
Ҳ͸һü
ó뷨Щ񣬵ȴ˵
ӣóĻһڣЩˡ
죡
ںˣҪ飡
ĺİ
ӣеɥĳôӦÿ顣Ȼ׻ţǼ⡣
ӣѻֽݸúѧѧԽãҾͽóԵô
Ķˣֽͷ
ӣ뿪ص֮󻹸˪̾Ҽĺˡ
˪ղŻ˵ѾѾµС˵ĺӡ
ӣ̯֣ȷʵܺð
ӣó˵ģĴϻûбûŮļͥУڼʶ˸̨Թ˸صĿͷ֮󣬴ϻԽҫۡ
ѾѾҲˣ׿ͥļδҲкܲķչ
˪§ڻˡ
ϡ⼸СѾͷӾ֪Ҫˣ
СҹǾˡ
ӣڶ˸磬Ժʰɾ
ΪģǴӵʯĥޣõҲһ
ƫƫĥʱˣ˼ʵ̫Ƕ̫ʵӣ
ӣûã˪һֱŹҲˡ
Ҳ˵ˣüҶǰԺǽ˼ңҲþܾ
˪Ѽû㶼ְԺպãҲɨĸɸɾ
ûһ˶Ŷˡ
ӣֺǺкˣ£̿ݣŵ˾ܹȥ
Ҳˣ겻ԸȻǸӣߵý
˾;ϣǰֻɣŶ೤ʱ䰡ôô࣡
һɤӾͰΧ˶˹ȥҶΧſ
ɲǣ˵жʮ˰ɣ
Ķҿʮ
ӣզιİȻܰιô죡
ӣ
岻ʱĵһȪˮզôʣ
ʮĽȿˣƽϻִܷʮ
ⳤƺ;֪϶᲻ˣ˵ǰɱͷҪأ
ӣһˣͬʱҲͷ
ȪˮݼԼǿԣܽдӵص㣬Ҳͦã
ʱ⣬Ҳܶ
˲࣬Ժĥģſġ
ͶҳҶ̣˵ͣ
ӣýζʵҲͦõģɱȵ˼ˡ
һ˭Ÿϱ̨ľʳ棬ݾȥһ
ӣǮջϲǮû
ӣҡҡͷ
һ֣Ҿ֪
һӣǸƫ۵没
˵ӵĲã˸Ѿͷ˵ûǮ
ӣûҪǮ£ҪŹȥæֲרܽġûǸʶ
Ψһ˵ǻǮĻҩģ۸ǲƽʱҲë
ӣһӶǺˣҶ˵ˣ۴ӽ˵ջ˳̥λʹô󾢶һһСƽƽġզܲǮ
ӣû뵽ɣ¡
𻨴򱧲ƽɲ㣬ɶɶ¹ѾͷСӣǲҵָܷŵȵĲǮ
ӣ΢ЦҲ֪ô죬ѵȥǮջҪˣ
𻨣ǸثģʺҪؼĻһӶǶ
˵ţǮջӣڲڼң
˵˻ץ˰ǿŸӣ˵ϽȥզǾջڽ㡣
ӣҲһǮջ࣬⻹զܣ
ӣȥǮջԼſڰﻹŶ
ӣϽҪãǮջ˵һ仰ҪˣҾǸǮмġ˪Χлл㡣
ӣӹǮΧѼ˻ȥ㻹أͲɣûȥԼԡ
ǮջִҪţǰͷ˵˹ƾǿţллҡ
ӣüΪ㻹أɶʱϽģϽؼȥš
ǮջüĿоʹࣺӣ˵һ𣿡
ӣһȷû͵ŵ˵̥ѾܼˣĿԲ󡣲ǶӻŮúţԺҲТ˳㡣
Ǯջڱͨ뺣Ұܡ
ӣ˵Ļ˵˵Ҳ˵ĻǼҪ˸㶼ֽˣԼҲܹĺܺáŮһһ׸Ҳʹá֣Ļ
Ǯջʹ֣ź没
ӣϣǴ˸£ǶӣҲȥԿˡ
Ǯջôֻ֪ܲǱԼͷƵ˶ǰˡ
ӣߣЩģȻȥú壬ȳ˵ɡ
ǮջߣӣֽϲǮؼҡ
һ𿪾ˣȻǮ
£ǮҲ㹻ˡ
ӣǮûȥʣӣֻ˵ǮջϲǮģȴû˵
̾һ˾Ҫǿ̫ҪǿˡƢȫԼϾʵϸվ˲ǾǷʰӦðƢϣúʰһ١
ӣ˵ͬУɲǣ͸ʰ
͵ô񣬿ĻƣһҵĲų棬Խȥš
ĥһȥʮֿ죬ӣԼֵ˪ĥ˶ר棬ųԶ
ӣſԻ
˪Ĵԡ
ʣ˲٣㹻һٵġ
ûãӣֻ۰Ͱ͵ȡ
һֱȵ¶ʮˣӣ²ԳԻˣ
˪Ѷ׼˸߲ˣԻͲˣӣ̫һ׼һںúóһٻ
̫ǻڵʱ򣬴һֺûʱϹӣܷŵð⡣
˪ͲѼȫҲû١
ӣݳ޵Ū˴ͣ׼úóһ١
û顣
ŵģǴѾ
ϴβһǣѾǹСްģûϴǱŸӣȡ
ӣ㣬ȥɣ豻ˣ
ӣѿһţˣ
ⲻǻ⻹ܱ˴
ӣϽקҩ͸ߣ̫֪£Ҳ˵ȥȥи
ˣ´ѾҲˣӣ߾ͿԡӣߵĿ죬˪ҩ䣬ѴѾߡ
ӣһ߼ߣһʵôˣǱ˭ģĶˣ
Ѿ±ӣҰִģϣιȥˡ
ӣŭӣΪʲô
ǴѾƽʱ˳۾ҲǺ⡣
Ҫߣ˵СѾҪͱˣѾȥ˼ҵͯϱ


32 
ӣϵʱ, һֺһţӣЩˣΪ龰֡
ſ޺˭ҵĶϱҴŰҲˣһʲô, һ˴ʮ, 󻹽СϣҲ˲ˣ
ϱڱϣǲϴһϴǶŲ
ţҲɣַȥ, мŶѾӤĿ
ץĲҪ˵, զܽϱأҲ, ýϱ˵
ͷֵܸģջιȥˣҽȥϴ
ӲģǮ￴ﱾ岻ã»ϱ, ⲡøأǮ
ӣǮǾջŵġ
һ⻰Ͱϰ, Ҳˣ
ҵıѾΧһȦˣȻ溮, Ƕиֿ, ھҲں, ĺʵʵļſڡ
治Ǹ
ҿɤô󣬸ûв
Ҫѹඣ

ӣ, ˪æǰ˶ӣһԺӾﻹЪ˹
ӣԺ, Ѿ, 嵽żȥǮջ
ӣ, ֻǰһ, ҧгѾǮôôһ˫ţ
ϴ͵ܳȥӣģ
ֲøղûأǮ֪ѼǮͣ
ѾͶѾסǮջСҧţſǻӣ
ӣ㣬ɣ
ӣȥһǮջɫܲãһ˪æ̧˵
ʱϱһ͵ӣǰ
û˦ӸӣϴЦ
ӣѾͷǵļ£㻹ǲҪ˰ɣ˵ˣǰͷɩӽӸ˸ѾͷҪǮǿɲͶݡ
ܱһ󾪺
ǰӣѾͷҪǮ
Ҫ
ԹԣҽĿаһҹǮ
űΧ۵𻨵վӣһߣһЩﻰ˵ӣҪĶһۡ
֪ƨĶǽǾģûӣţջĶܴСû£զأֵǰɣ
⻰˵ĲڣȴףΧе˾ֵе˻ǾӣҪĶࡣ
Ҳֵ鰡ûɶ
ǣ˵ˣ˭Ҳ˼ҲûҪ鰡
ٴЩͿǿˡе˰ռĺôİҲлһһġ
һиµĳŴǶĺ°ЩͿǻ˼˼ҡ
˵ˣӣһῪҪǮ뻹ǮջԼҪġ
ŮȻ࣬Ҳˣ˺żҶӲˡ
ӣż仰ͰѳŤתϱĿҪγˮ
ˣб¾Ҹϳȥ
ϱȥԼˣƵ㿴ˣҲǮģװΣ
ӣǮջϣһ飬˸üͷʹᡣ
Ǯջڵǳǻ
˻ûãӪҲϣ̫˼ҡ
ѾſӣӣŮ
ӣȿ룬ָѾ˵û¹Ѿˡ㱧СãҲ
ѾİڿϿ޵ɤӶ˵Сñӣһ͸ˡ
岻ãСģá
ǮջӦˮССŮӤϻƻƵģӦǻ㻹û£СӵƤһһѣɼ⼸Ҳûιá
ӣʴѾ⼸СѾôιģ
Ѿҧ´ˮСѾġ
ô
ӣѰ˼ţһиˣøСѾͷһ£иӣܸܲǮջһ̷ƱûӪСôĻ
仹
ţǮջˡ
ӣ˰ڿϣ𶯣ţѪ̫ͣΡ
ǮջѾնһˣ˵û飬տյڿϣ·Ѿȥֻһǡ
ӣ֪˵ʲôãǶѾĿǮջ
Ѿ޺Ҫĸ׻ˣ裬ңҲҪȥ˼ңҾҪ㣡
Ѿ֪ĸ׶ԼҲûãôȥ˼ңҪȥҪߡ
ѾҲСѾĸߣǮջ۾һᡣ
һ·ڹеĿѣҲµڶ
ӣҴҴǣ̫ˣ㻹Ů
Ǯջ¶һȿ޻ѿЦݣ֪
Ůһ˰ˣϴҲûҲûָ
˪ſڣϱҪ˪ʵʵ
һɫʹӣͷȴҲ˪¡
Щ㵣Ҽҡ
˪۵񣺡㲻ǹȥ
ЩҲסҽȥջû
ǮջҪˣøϽǮܵܺأ
𻨿ȥˣڱϸɤţ㻹ǲǸˣźӶ˩סǿźͿģôɶȢӣզһأ
ϱɤž͸𻨶ʲô£Ҫ֣Ǽҵ£Ҫ˵ģ
𻨸˶·磬ϱʱͲɲһһӶģԼ͹ⶢֵһҳ˼Ҿɥĵ˵綼ҪⱨӦֻ֪űģһѣ
໰ҷɣҲ·磬ĭ
ʱ˴Žеӳˣ
иץ̴Ҳ
ż죬һӶһ䡣
ôǣ
иԼ࣬굹ǲÿĭˣǴϵһ㲻١
иãԼøϽһŮ
Ҫסˣ
Ǯջޣһиɲ˶ٻأ
иɫãžȺֹߵĶ
ɶ𻨣ʲô£㣬զǼңָɶɥеˣ
ﲻզƾɶ˵ɥУ
Ʋ죺·ƽ
úúãҪҪҸ㷢һѵϽ߰ɣ
иѱΧ۵ߣԺһأ˵ɣΪɶ
ϱһתûɶ£Ǽ¡ɩƢ͸ŴˣԲֿġ
ﵱϰϵĽлиɵùܹܰ㿴ջҴģ߶һ飡ģòȥһ˵ˣĹ綼ϡ
иͷ̲סĹЩطָ꣬ԲŰĸϻЬһǴĶ죬Ҳм͵ģٲûϹʷ׵ģҪҲЩǸɶҪǮջȥһӵĸŮѵرӢˣ
ͷиԼķϣίĲˡ
ʱſˡ
Ǯջӣ߳ǮջϴЦ˵Ҵˣզ˵˵ϱɶ⣿
⻰һϱˣȻ
˵ɶˣ˵ɶˣҾ˵岻ãдӸõǮǮӣǮûǮТϵˣ
ǮջҧгݣҸǮôˣһǮԼģ˶ٸ٣˵ˣеӸӳ˵˵˵ôӻ˵ɶ𣿡
˿ĭתŲ˵˵ɶˣҲ˵ѾͷҪô࣬ۼиԶҪŮѶѾȥⲻΪã㿴ģ˵õĻƶˣǴҲûϷˡ𣿡
ǮջŭСѾأûи˵СѾɽ
ӣҲˣ
˵㣺û˵
Ǯջ˵ˣдҪǮ˵ֻ߿Ǯô취˵ѶѾ˵ͯϱ˵ǼݣиʮɵӣѶѾ͹ȥʮõţ˵СѾ߸Ҳ綪ɽҲʡʳ
иҲüͷڽǰȷʵɽŮӤ֮Ͳˡ֮ǲ
ȻĴЩܵĲϵĻɣǴûеġ
и⻰˭⣿˵û˵׼ɣ۴ǰŮޣڶٹȢţ˵ˣϯ˵ˣŮܶ죡ǸϯŸǰɣ
ŲԣҲίŮޣӲԼҵĺӣզûҪҹܣ
ʲôŮܶ죬ŮİҲûðһҪɶ޲ܳһƬأ
Ǯջ˵㣬㲻дӰСѾߡҴһƣͽдӴȡ
ᵽֱĸߣҴզҲܵģ˭ûӳ㿴Ĵӣ˭Ů㰤ãҪӣҿ϶дӴ㣡ˣ㲻Ǹ
ѾŲǸŻðǸϲģ
ԾüëѾ˵ʲôأ̣
ҲŲҪ̣ҲҪ㣡ǸˣһģǶ۸ء
쳣ŰƾͳѾţ˹ŮѾͷǸǮû˵Ǯɶͳȥ
˵׼һֱûӾ̫ˣ̫࣬ӡ
嵽һͱ˸ſˡ
˪ǰſ£˳һϣߵ໽С
Ŵȣ˷ˣ㻹˴ˣ
ǮջһѩˣǱ߸Ҫһšսӣ֮˵ӳҲӹˡ
ѩˣΧ˳ӣ˪ˡ
ɶ˼
ɶв˹ˣ
иüͷеĸҪӬƵģˣ
ǮջһˣҲˣ
ૺһջҲûˡ
ǹŵأվԭػ㣬ԭҪЬˣ㻹˵ӣ㻹ŸɶϽ
Ǯջɣᡣ᲻ңҾһ
ǮջȥˣղиʱӣȰ룬ӣ˵öԡ
עˣŮţٸһŲһ飬һס
òŮԺҲĿꡣ
Ǯջ֪ź沾Сߣֻ´ѾһڼҸɻȵѾˣ˵˿϶Ҳʲôûɫ
ȳӾɵӣʱ򻻵Ǯǻһϡ
ǮջԼӿԿ࣬ûǸŮŮãֿİðŮ˻Ǯˡ
ˣԼһӣǱ۸
Ҫű۸Լ
иʲôͷ
˰ɣŮ͹һһ졣
ǮջĻ沺𾪵ˣƾɶ˳һˣܲ
ⲻЬⲻͷЬν֣
и˵Ǹⲻһ顣ǷޣԻɥȢûϵˡ
ûϵˣ
ðŽǣզûϵӣӻûϵŮأ
Ǯջԣ顣Ҫ顣
ˣҪǮջҲͬ⣡Ҳͬ飡
զ飿Ȣϱ಻װΪȢϱ˷ַ˼ҵģһʮ꣬һµһɻģզ
׾Ǯջ˵ջˣɶ鲻ģ˲Ÿֻͷǻء
Ǯջ㻹˵ӣⱲڵľǼ޸㡣
ӿ࣬һͽţ˽Ͱ͵İӹʮſ˾ȻǸû
ʳأ˾ȻŮߣ
ҪǮջ׳һ
Ҳˡ
¹ܶŮֻˡҪҪӣãǲﲻһŮĸӡ
ò˵ʮ꣬Ǯջ˽
Ȼ⻰׻̱ѩ
Ǯջ˵ĺףҾҪҵŮ㷴ҲҪǣΪʲôͬ⣿
ﻹҪĸߵķиһɻȥ
˼ӵ£ʵҪӲͣδػߵز
˰Σһͬ⡣
Ӧ֮ȻǴԼ﷢ġ
˵ͬ⣬ǮջǿЦòƽ
иҲ̾һİ嶨ۣУǰּҡ
˵ּңԼзȨˡ
ɶңһЬϳȥˣɶ÷ּҵģ
иһ̴ӣ㵱ӳвϴ϶в
иˡǲԼӹúã͵𾢣˼Һúһ˼Ҳ룬˼֡
ǮջϺܿɿڣ֪óиڣѹؼĵطȻ´εȵͬڵĳδܴﵽԼĿġ
ҲҪӡ
⻰һŵһ
ӣʮıһ
ҲҪӣҪǮ
ǮջףĸŮĸסĵطԴջӲῴǼ˾͸·ŵһҲҸס¡
СѾǲϵġ
ӵһǮֻҪǮ
ˣСƤӣ˼ҪӣⷿӸиƨĹϵǰҪ𣿡
ǮջǣķûȢҽŵʱǷ˼ٿ飡ǸǷǷģҰŻ˺üŻ壬ƾɶҪһ룿
иֹԡ
ǮջҪ󲢲֣ҵķôģиҲҲԼǮģǮջġһǮջ֡
ϱתһ£Ҳ˵ãŮ㲻ܶߣѴѾ£֮ҲøǮ͹֡
Ǯջû뵽沾ȻģҪסܸɻĴѾ
㲻Ҫ룬Ůҡ
ǮջôҰѴŮˡ
ϱҪ˵ӣˣջǰʱ򣬲㱻ӸƳë֤
ϱ̲ˣӣǸǮջŮߣҪһӣߥǮջϴε¸档
ƹˤаѾͷ߾ʹߣ˵ˣ߾ǲܣҲָѾͷϡ
ǮջƢֱͲ
ӣ˸ۣи˵ǵȷּҵʱ򣬴֤˵ˣǶϾϵд簴ӡ
иһڵĶϾϵ飬ǻϸӵĹϵġµؽ綼ддּҾ͵ãдϾϵе̫ˡ
ǮջҲˣת˲;ӣ˵úܶԡ
д
еģϡøٲͣ
ּҵĴ¾ͷˡ
иָʳͷʳȫǮջļʲ˵
ǮջҲ֪ѾǺýˣ˵ʱסֵܼңǷ˼ңҾʹŮȥ
ӣѩͻˣʱʹŮȥҲ
ﻹҪ˵иǲˣ̫̫֪ô
ּǮջ˿ģ˼ҶûץŮķѡҪҪˣĹֵûһ˼ҡ
ϱ֪Լմģקקŵӡ
ҪջǮ˵Ҳø٣ٿ飬϶òʱҪԼҳϱ϶ǲġ
ⷿ䵽ԼǶٳľͳˡ
ϱãȥøԼøһٳٽд޵㹤ִչǮջȵǮջˣⷿӲԼҵˣ
οǻ˴һأ
Сģȥһٿ飬Ҫͻˣ
ϱ̴Ķ죬Ĩһʰ˶ȥֵܼסǰŮûпһۡ
ɬԼҲпԵġ
߶߶һ·Ǯջȵ˼ңֵܰס
סȽסһʱ䡣
ͻȻȴʵȥһϲɡ
ϲǴýš
һ͹ðҪ˵ӾǸûҲǰҵʱСϱˡ
СϱߣǺ°зӣ˵һҲס
ϱظƱ磬ģ㰲šȾջɩˣҾ˸ס
ʱ
ϱȴΪмףףҲõȼ꣬ȵȷˣٸһѸնѡ
ȻԼҵҪôùأ
ϱǮջĺãˣԼҲʡĸѿࡣ

ˣиҲˣ˪Ȼؼȥ
ǮջӣлӣϽ˷ϣ˵Щˣúš
ǮջüĿЩȻǰһ˹Ǽܿµ飬ղͻȻһ˵ȴɿ졣
ѾüĿųѾȴ˵ĺܣְˣǾܸһˣ
ǮջŮҪԿġ
ѾҲ£
ֻҪͺã
ӣǮջҴñӣȤһ䣺պǺأ
ǮջЦȻǲ̫š
ӣСӤŽǮջ˵ӪҲã⼸쾡ٶ롣дѾһȥõҩ
ǮջҪӣǮӣܾˣ֪㲻ϲǷˣⲻһٸҡȺúðӸˡ
ѾҲµĸӣȥҩʱӣҪҵġ
ϺȻһСֽİǡ
ǮջŮͷȥһһٴһһȡ
ӣ˴Ѿֵĺ߸衣
˪ôˣ
ӣȻˡ
ûʲôȿһ¸߳Ĺϵֵø˵ˡ
Ǯջ˾е϶ܹϺӡ
˵˵ţӣͻȻһȥ׼õĻҲûԣһ硣
ӣοԼôλǻʳĶû¹ԵȵٳҲһ
ڶ죬ڵȵ磬վΧһԻ
˪׼˶зʹײˣܲгƬҲгƬƬƬ
ӣ﷭һȦн͵һȦھ۵µζ
֭ʹײҲóԡ
̫̣ġ
˪
ǵȻˣʱ˼õĶţ͡
ĶȥŪţ͡
ӣȴ̾Ψһźû֥齴
˪ɡ
ǰһú׼ʲô֥齴߲ˣ׼㡣
Ļ꣬Ҳ᲻ӣ̫һ룬˪һ룬׼Ͻų㡣
ӣһ㣬ǳϦѽ
˪ʣ׼
ϦĲ˿нҪһ㣬⣬ϴηֵû⣬˪֮ǰµİֻ
ӣžҪˮӹĿ̫ˡ
ʮһ磬İ꣬ǿɽĹأʮǹꡣʮҲǻമӰ꣬һϾԼȥָߵ˼Ұꡣ
ӣﻹ֮ǰʣǣ¹СʶʶӣһӾͰԼŪž㣬¹˭ҵСҪˢһˢ
ӣûԼĺӣҲգûѹǮʮֹƽĸǡ
һȦӣһ˳Ҵ˸ǣҲĵСѾͷ˵Ǯջҵ顣
۷Ź⣺̫ˣ
ȻǼҵŮˣڳӵһʲô׶ûеˣǿ϶Ǻܻİ
ʱûطסס𣿡
ͳסǰǴ˵ľ۾ӵأ÷ҲֹһǮջҪûзסпܱиŵ
ӣҲ֪
ǮջҪǵҲס⣬ӣúãԺҲɲ˵ˡ
ӣҲĸŮ˸еġ
ǳźһأ̫ˣҪǶץ˳á
ӣһ
ǲģҪҰñҰأûõĸ̫С
ǡ
أ
Լ֮ǰĽָЧʴ
ӵһˣԺǲǿǮջ


33 
ӣͷ, ûżȥи˵
컹Ҫٹһʱ䣬ȿˣиʱٿҲˮɡ
ӣʥĸ, Ǿһһҵ, ʵЧҲûߵĶȥĲβ룬˳ģ궼һҡ
и飬һ֣Ҷɡ
һ, һҲָܶһ, һ, ӣ˵̫ˡ
ٺóԣҲ治Ⱑ
ʮ磬ҼҶ˼, һ춼óԵõġ
ҹԲ, ҪͰ͹ġ
ӣҲ⣬ҳȥ˪æ, һӾɢ˳Һͳڼĳ
Ҳ֪ôлӣ, æԼЩһ͸ӣ
ҲСļд, ҲʹꤡҲף˪ӡ
ӣӹһ, ˿һ֪Ǻ, ֻкɫ˿, ȴһ㶼, ɫ˿ߺɫ˿߽, ɫϵ
еִ٣ӣСʲ׼Ķ
ҳϷǰѧ廨ԼϷղá
ӣɲãӿžͱϱԼݾ㻨󼸰ǿˡ
Һϲ
ӣ̾ʦ̫ˡ
Ϸڼʮ󣬶ҲǸʦˡ
ңⶼС
ӣϱӾǱˣϷˮľϲ籦ıȥ
˪̫æţӣȥױ
˪ӣϲҲ޵ÿ
ӣΧڲվӣ̫Ҳ۲ĺã˿Ҳϸ
ӣԼ壬̫ޣ̫ʶడ
ӣһ̫˵ͷͷǵϽȥ̫ϸ
̫ſžҵǼǰ˼ҸɻǼңŵĹ͸һϷŮʦѧѧ˺ü꣬Ҳûá
ӣ̫Ľ˳ʵǲҲѧ
̫е㲻˼ŮʦڵʱҲѧ˵㣬˼ǽСģҾѧһƤë
ӣ̫ԼްͷҲһСЬ϶ҪһȦëߣɼ̫еϲƷġ
˵ҪѧҾ͸ʦ˵˵
̫Ͻ֣ôһ˵ɲҸϱ鷳ǣŴӵˣҪ۶ϱɳŲס
ӣĶôˣģֲ෿ġͷæ˲ϣٲ鷳ȥͶʱҪѧʹŶȥѶǶͺáҲ̫ã˾˵ҵ˼ȥ˵ģĶǴʱġ˭˵ʲôɣ
ӣôһ˵̫ҲĶˡ
ȷʵϲ嶫ǰڴ˼Ҹɻ˻ں٩ɽСƣǸ˼ϴ·ӡ춼ĽķԺӿĿԡ
嶫ʱһͷҲȤڡ
ƫƫͷû˽µطиѴͲˣʲô廨ʽû˼㡣
ӣȻ⣬̫Ӧȥ̫Σͷȿ˴ȥ
ӣѰ˼ԼȹЩʱ˵һ£ӦҲ᲻ͬ⡣岻ʱĳȥתȦԴ֮󣬾ûôţʱ䲻ҲС
ӣô·װǻ˰ۣǰٶϵ֮û˿𣬹ܱˡ
Ҫܸ̫ҲǸŽˡ
˪ϱ˵˰ţŴǽӳɶڵģ
̫ûҲƣӲײ˵ģ˵ģеģܲġؽӾǾ²˼ģʱҲûؽӡ
ӣܲģ
̫㣿Ҳܵڣ
ӣ͵ͷҲóԵġ
뵽ϱӳԹӣӣˮ
ټӵڣ
ӣ쿪ͷ˪ȴûͷһʹӦɣǾײ˵ģġ
ӣϲܲڣԻðײ˰⣬㡣
̫һû˿ϹֵľҲʮָȤһûԹڵأ۶׼㣬ڰӳ
˪׼ҹӣ̫Ҳûţһһߴ֡
ӣը츳Ȼûչʾ̫˪еӣǰһ˹ʱԸȥ±ˮҳɼˮƽΡ
ԸӣŵĻƾǰͰ
̫ǿһ㣬ܰź档
˶ڳæµ˪ƬƬȥ̣һƣٰ¹㣬ڹˮһ飬ٰ¹һ𳴡һɫСиۡ
Ԫһʮһ̫Դ˰Ǯȥˣ
̫һǮǮϴɾڹˮŰ
ǽ꿴˭ܳԵǮģһ궼ࡣ
ӣžʹǼöӣҪסӵۡ
˪̲סЦ
ӣǮʱڼŲǮԣȵ꣬·һ֧Ը죬ٶ飬ж
ǵ취Ǯ
쵽ʱˣ̫žĻš
ϴ׼Իʱˣ͵ĻûԳɡ
ϴСҹˣӣȥһҹ
ҹһҪܲסˣ
ӣҲȥţſѾһ
ôˣǲ𣿡
ӣѰ˼ŲӦðȥǮջĸŮҲҩֳ˰ɣ
ѵֳҹȥˣ
ѾҡҡͷСѵ¶һϲ
öúõģͳԵģ㣬лл㣡
ӣʱˣСѵͷ㲻ȱԵģȥɡ
һӲĲСС˼ҵĶԣʵǹⲻȥ
Ѿҧ촽һԲֽܣĽӣûץס
ֻں溰ɤӣ㣡
ֽ̫ûһǷˡ֪ղһǴѾ£ǮջĸŮȷʵ
Ҳ۶ϱ
һܣŰĶУ
̫룬ȹʱʴӳӻǸϽҳһŮЩǸŮιܵ
ӣֽݸ˪˪򿪣һֻȡ
ӣе㼬֣еˡ
̫ȴӣ£ջҪǿֲɵֻʱּҪǻڣ϶Ҫ˭ʱûּңȰѼˡ
ӣһţǣ
Ǯջҿɲֻţ
˵岻ãżԼҪǷּʱ˺ھ˳⣬Ҳ壬ȵٱС
ӣôļȣ߶ҪԻ˼
ʣµİֻӳģΪ˪ص˻˵
ôһȣӣͻϱӳԹĶˡ
˪һµûİ;Ӧɣϲ˶ˣɲ
ӣͷӦǽӵģǻ˼Ķӣ˼Ҫ׷ģ
ã
һͨæ˪½õĲӳúɫĸѹ͵ļȫס鱻һƬɫû˱ǡ
˸˿ѷɵ˺˿˿Ƶģ֮ɷһβǴ㣬˪˸ɽ髷žϲࡣ
˽֮ʣһţ˪˺⣬ŵһƾȫ˽ȥһˮӣƤá
֮⣬˪ִ˼زˣĻذ˵ˡ
ǰһӾͽϲ
̫Լ˵ƾƣӣ˵伪黰ӣ˪ҲԸ̫˵䡣Ȼ٣Ǣ֡
ϯǳԣӣһ⣬˶Ҫˡζ
ζƫ˪˶ǣĺζŨ⼸ڼ֭Ũ
ٳһǴ㣬ȻǶģɿڡ
Ӽ˹˹֮㡣
ӣڴӣҲд΢˵ζ˿ǻĸй٣ۻں˵Уȴͻһ֡
̫ʮֳԾӺóԣ
һûУ˵ζҲ㣬Ҳۡ
ųţӣһɤӣѽĶ³
һöﭹһǮ
̫ЦǺǣӣѾͷҪˡ
˵˵ţҲһɤӣҲһöһǮ
ӣЦһһ𷢡
һһ鶢˪Ľӣ˪˹׼һ
ӣţ㶼ûԣ
˪ѽӼиҳԡ
ӣ˼ûƹԼһҧãȻһö
̫úúã
Ӷϱһ˭Ǻӡ
ԵȫˣǻЩû¹
˪ۣҲóԵġ
ӣűĶӣصƫƣڣ
˪һϾڴڷűޣ۴˶ڡ
ɽطɽϻѩ࣬űڲôģи֮󣬸ֱ˵ˡÿһһұޣӵĿˣòҪԼš
ҼһûǮҲֵմ⣬ڴڣǾһģҶƣʡÿ껹ҪٻϼǮȥˡ
˪ϾԽӣٳԻ˼
̫˷ʹ¹ˣûԣ̫̫Ҳ
ӣˣưζģɽٴס㣬û㡣
˪ͷӦ
ʰ궫ӣѴŹʵŰԭĸƬڳʱƬСԶûߴģǴգҲСƬ
ӣԭĸƬϣİһԭСʱĸ׺յƬ
ѷֵͷڰϣԼ˸Ӿ͹¡
ԭҲԭϵĹһӣ˪͹ȥˡ
˪Ҳû˵ֻǱ۾ͷ
ȵͷ㣬ӣŰƬ£ĵİѺۼɨɾ
ʱ˵ǲģΪڷ⽨ţӣʼͷ˵׼ͷ¾ƣ˿Ϲġ
ղϯ˵ƾƣӣͷžþƵĺˣеκġ
˪ǻãӣ·ϴţ˴ѩһ˯¡
ǮջҵҹԵǮջնãĶϸ¡Ȼûȫ´ѡ
ӲɱһֻǮջǿǿǴѾ£һˮ˼ë
ǮջŸСڱϰӣò⣬ûˣ֮ǰֵǵ㣬ͱҪҪҪˡ
Ǯջ͸ɴͼڣһӡ
Ǯջеƹˤˣ⹷Ҳ֪ɶʱ꣬Ǿһһ죬һһ죡
ݺİѼСȸˣһСĸ
СĸҲ׼ã׼ȵʱվɸˡܸоԼԵ΢õ㣬ͷӦˮϣ죬СѾԲˡ
ǰǼ죬Сǿޣ޻޵ģžͲǳࡣ
ǮջԼķѾѪŮˣԾ͵óԺõģŵ㡣
ëȥɾǮջͳ⡣
ø߹޷Űֻȥʣµļӣǵ㣬ȫп
Ƥͣײһ鳴
ζֱð
ѾֱֵĸߣȻ죬Ѿܵ˼ûаְǶôҸ
Ե˼컹ܳԵ⣡
Ǵûйĺӣ
ǰмҪߣǼľͱְȥ̣̻ҪԼһĭ˵ԼǮԼ⡣
ںˣְˣҲܳˣ
ǮջҲᣬŮãǶʱ䲢Ǻܹ֣Ůڻܳһڵ⣬Ů֮ûԹɶö
˵⣬١
ǮջøǰѼʢ½ӡ
Ѿһܵķɿ졣
Ǯջʢ˵ʱűˡ
⴫
ջջҿţ
ѾְĲУ̾Ҫȥץ⡣
ѽ°ְֽѼߡ
ǮջŮ˰һ£ɤźɶ
ǹ갡ջһꡣ
Ǯջһ㲻˵סֵܼңǹЩͷּҵģҾ͸Ůһ
ίջҲʱ䣬ҽѾѾôҲǰְ֡
ǮջЦܻʮа˾沸£Ըҹ룬ƫСӺʹӳԺõģ½մ˹⣬Ű˴򷢳ġ
ЦǮջǸõģ
ˣŮҲ㡣
СѾû˵ʲô뿴ŮЦ
Ǯջ˵洷ŵԹԳ½ӣŮ̽ݣůĿϳԽӳ⡣
Ѿ£Ե׺ݣҧţţһְ־ͳļȫߡ
ǮջȴûֹŮΪͣŮвˣ˻мӡ
ѾǴųǮջȴܲˡ
˺ȻǰˣͲ˻ȥ
ĸŮԽӣſڿţһǮջǶǶŤͷͻֵܼҡ
ϧȵȥľһ뾻
һǮջţ
ϱº͵ĶԴ˵ջɩӻĺݣҹģҲ̫Ϊ㡭ǳ̫ˣûҪɣﻹŵײ˺Ͷȡ
ǲ׼ٸһˡ
﷭˸ۣˣѩˣϽѿͷȥ˯ɡ
Ťߣ˿ܴӽզզ˯
һɢȥ˯ˣֻŲиˣһС鶹Ͱײˡ
ӳ̨ĻԼ͵
Ҳ֪ΪɶǹûиӰɡ
һ
˰ҹѩϵǻѩ˪һǸȥ˴Ｘָߵ˼Ұ꣬ȥ˼׵˼Ұ꣬һȦϷűޡ
ڵһʾµһ굽
˪ѽ¹׼ȥɨѩ
ĵ·ɨ쵽ŴŰľ׻ӡ
ӣϵĽӣʱ
˪ҲģǵͣˣƽʱҲǸޱ죬˪͸ӣ²磬ӣͰԼϱӿЩⲡ˺ͼ¼ĸı߰ĽʱǰԲ˪Ҳú
˪ȥɨѩӣҲû
ûӣԾԾԣ׼˪ϲ
ԾԼʱ䣬쿴˪ˣܵǰδеѬգ˼ļ
׼˪һˣһԼļֵ
˪֪飬ӣ֮˵ؽѣڵؽӣһȦھʲô
׼˪׷ٳײˡ
ҪԻ˼ģⲻزˣ
ӣԼôžͺܺãǹڲߵ͵һ
˵ɾ͸ɣӣŰײ˽
Сʱɨѩ˪ͱˡ
˪㿴ð̵ǲң
˪¹߾ܣܵ·ϻ촽
кµȥ̫̫Ҳӣҳ塣
Ƚţ˪ͿɢæȥӣקٸϽɢ
ӣһΣϻźڻҡ
˪¼û˲һ
զ°
ǵʱϵĶźˣС¯ҲŪСզͻȻð̣
ӣѵ̧ͷǡ׷ûá
˪⣺׷ôк̣
ղŽȥҲˣҲûȼʲô
ӣ͡׷˰ɿܡ
˪Ҷ㲻Ҫ¿ң׷ð̣
ӣû˵ѣȷʵ׷Ĺɺ̵ģԭҲ˵Ǻö˶˵ţһӽζ
˪֪ӣΪʲôԸǮȥӪҲԼˡ
ʲô츳
ӣżȻûã´һԡ
˪ȥİɣųԾˡ
һξͿˣһΣŶҪˡ
̫ҲŵĲᡣ˪˵ԭŵӣ֣Ѿͷ˵˽˪ųĶɶԼְ
֪ղ˵߲õʱĶҪˣ
龪һ˪ϽʰֳһиΪ˭£ĻˣϾҲû
֮˪˵û£Ǽ¯Ҹˣո֮ġ
˪ڱӣ֣ɹŪȥ
иͲû˳£״Ҳָ˪˼Ҫעû
ǰи΢ɨһ۾˫Ŀһ
ӣ
ǰͷ˳ҵֻ
иôιôģ
ԹԣŶ೤ʱ䰡ȥǸһ
ӣû̵棺õϿķͷȿˣʱҲ֪ܳ󡣡
иסĵͷúúãҪܸٽ۴ӽȽӾ͸㱨һ
ǽվδôá
ӣǫｲķãֻĺãͷҸϸ㱨
иʮ⣬ӣÿǸ˳ҽȻߵ͵ӣŮλСɲ
ӣôȥˣ˵˪̫ʼӣˡ
㰲ĵųԣ
ˣС۶պã
ӣȨһֵȨʧȥˡ
еʮּį
įҲûάֶá
Ϊѩʼˡ
˵ɽĶ¾ô£ֻ֮ҪѩľͻῪʼѩѩʱ䲻һ͵ġǷǰǰаµʱܻҿ߳ӡ
ÿ굽ʱ򣬾ˤʱ
ӣļھǮջѲһ֮̾ͻ˵Ͽɡ
ÿ춼
ˤ˾ˤˡˤĵط廨ţˤ첲ģˤȵģˤƨɵģЩˤµġ
ӣԼæµ
ôµģӣ¾һܾȵľ档
׼ĲҩˣЩˤ˲㣬ˤĻƤϲٻѩĿĵطཬƤҲ÷Ⱦ
ԭ׼õҩƬҲˡ
ӣ£׼ȳȥһ˴ӣسȥҩ
ӦȥģǴȥڵϱȥԼҹ緽ˣҪ֪һƬɽȥҪĲԼҴӵأҪĴӵء
ӣŲ
и˽ţŽȥҽԺҩҲһ
˪ҲҪȥ
ӣûҪɡҾȥҩ
˵ˣ·Ҳг
˪
ʮ룬ӣʱˡ
аȣǾһȥɡ
ӣ˪ȥϳ
ⲻ֪ߺ󣬴Ѿ
Ҿ˵ǰ쿴͵ˣС͵͵ûǰɣ˵զô˼ҶŶǽҵ죡


34 
͵, ɻԽԽ˳ֵҫͬѧ
ԴǰһֻСĸ˳͵϶ͷ𻨵һֻҫǴĴš
ǰӺù, , Ǿò
µ˻óԵĲãԵĺ˻ôĲãĺ˾;üûи׼ֱгв⡣
ͬʱҲڴϺպ, ʮ껹µصС, ָ
ϲŽ, ˵ҫͦˣѧµؿ⣬ÿũæżٻؼҲֳ棬˵˳˸ү
ӣ˳һ˺ߣ֮, ַԷǲϡ
Щ, ҶҫڵӡٵÿһһֱѧڴӵʱȽ϶, Ҳһﲻôš
ڼаһ, ˾ͷ˯, ҫڲŸ˽
ҲΪˣδϵĶ¼, ûеһʱ뵽
ڲˣҫܲ˼һٵûˮ, Ƕûط, ҫ⼸ͷһο졣
ûˮ, ȥ͵͵ļ, ԰ײԡ
˭Щ˼ҴأԼҵļá
δҫ͵Ǵϵһ걾ͦã˶ָؿ߱˵ˣһ˵л
ǰ޳Ѫˡ
˵ģͻ˵ͻˡôӱ˼ҵļǼˣ꣬ҹҪҪ͵ųԣ͵ǲǻŲذһӲҪĻ
ҫڵϳ˼ӣܲ˾͵ؿ֡
ҫڲ˴ˣŭ֮Ҳʼ֡
Ĵ˭أ͵ҵļզ͵ǿ㣡
ҫȻ£վű˴ģûܹί˴ϣȻҪ֡
һ֣̬Ͳɿˡ
һɤӣ޺ŰѴӵ˶㣬Ǻ˶ӳС͵
ҫڱͻ֣һƴϣһƴϡ
ǲôЩŮǺݽɫԼռʱ֣öԷץס˰ѱ
˺ͺӳջӾͳˣһСӸҫһߴ󣬿ż۵ʡ
ҫʶõʱѾˡ
ӣҫڴĹڵ໽С
һ͵ҿ᲻С
ﻹԱ͵ۼҵļ
Сûأ۵ҫڵ˺ü¡
ȵųԹȺϵʱҫѾıףһ飬˵ˡ
Ϣʱ飬ڿӱ˵ʱͲڡ
˫Ŀ˵ϣ޶ͷץĸ
ĸҶҶӣҸû꣡λ
ҪĻһӶ͵͵㻹ԣ㲻öǳ
˭㲻ܺҵļ˵ˣҶӲû͵𣿣
ӳǸ෿ӵ

˴ܴĺ·Ʊλ˻ףϻûѩﶼðѪɫһ޶ͷѪ㡣
Χ֣žͲԾˡ
٣λ˵ǰ쿴ҫڴӶͷת͵ǰ춫ͷѸҲǶһֻ
Ѹͷ˺óʱأ㻹ˡ
ģҼǰҲһֻϱ˵֣ѩû󣬲ɽûԵİҰƵɽ
ǣҲûô࣬Ҳء
УҲȥ£һӹҪģ͵͵ԼҴˡ

С͵ʲôʱǿɶģʱڣһֻ˭ҲǽͰ͵ĹҫڵǺãپȻ͵˲ʮֻ
ǹڣǻԼأ
һֻĳԣֲý˳궼һȦ
ﱾˣҶ࣬С͵һݹƳҫ͵˺öңҶסˡ
Щ˼׼ʱɱģ궼ûšЩųԼģҲˡ
Щһ굽ͷͿһλģ˼СԲţװ˼ᡣ
ҪģҼļһ˵СĸһһڿĺܡԼ˲ްŪĺúõģǶŪһѸɲݵģźıӶϸġС͵ˣ
ģ˵쿴˳üںɽëͼͷɣ
ȥҸӰν֣
ȺߵȾĺܿ죬ûãͷֲˡ
ݵľѸ
ѸһѱһĴˣߴ򻹱ҧꡣ
ֻŮʱõİɥĵ˵ҵļʱû²ȥԵҵļǳԵҵⰡ
걻ҧ໽Уûں
Ҷͷж˭ҲǽͰ͵ġЩ˼ûͿļʽǼǼа
ҫڸǶģѴҵжˡ
θǰε鲻һǰҶǳԹϿϷ̬Ͼ鲻䵽Լͷϣ־ˡ
С͵ԼҴӣһ죬͵ʮֻ¹ǲԼҵ£߰
ƽĶۣũȻ࣬ǴҶһĿࡣʱ򣬶ҲܸͬܡԼҹĲÿ죬Ҫȥ͵˵ļ̬˭ܿס
иʱҫѾĲˡ
иһãȲˣȰȥ˰ɡ
ƫɣӣڴӣ˪һȥسҩ
иϣϵ
һǰ£и̾˼һְæϾһӵģֹ鳳֣˭ҲԸ⿴ʲô⡣
βһ
Ǹ
һ˭˭ͣ
ԱΧ۵ȺҲһûһԸֵġ
иҲ֪ʱʹСô죿˭ǹµأ
иֻûؼҺԼĴӶһһˡ
иĴ±ӣۿɶ಻١ھֱָġ
˳أ
иҲƣȷʵղȥʱֻιȥҫڰᣬû˳
иӣҪûˣ۴˳ö˶˵ģ۲ѣͷ渶ҽҩզ죿
иüͷˣȥϺɽ˳ǲǶĶˣ
عͷи˵㲻ùܣȥͷˣҾͿǼҵĹֵ֡
ҪԵ»ˣѵļͥиٲÿЩ˳һӣиҲˡ
˭ϡչһˣ
Щʲô
иòԸĴӺͶӰҫں͵ϵԼҲȥ
Ǵϵ˲
Ǻĳһӣ˳ӶǶ
Ǵˣһʲ
͵͸ð򣬵Ǵ˾Ͳûˣ
ܣ
ǣиشӵʱˡ
ίڴӵ


35 
ίһ, ˵طװģĿʼ鿴
˳ҵţȥһȦһѣѳһûȥİֻԺһǻһ̲ûļë
, ֤ȷ, Χ۵Ѹһ۾ͿǼëԼҵļ
һֻɫСĸǽǵļëɲɫ
Ѹòᣬ޲ȥһ١׼Ůʱ͵ļΪ˺ü죡
ίһͷС, һǿž۵ϵӡ
˿, Ҫץҫڻȥ
˵, ڹһְܶίˣҫĻӣǸίȽ֣ʰٷš
иʱ, ٵľľ档
̲סһ໰, Ҳ֪˭ҽô죬һ̾ȥ߸ίˡ
иҲҪƫ̻, ֻЩϱͲϱ⡣ϱ, и϶Ҳ׷Ų, ҲҪ˳Ѵҵʧϡ
ϱˣǴľȨͲϡ
и, ҫôһ£Ҫ, ٲҪڹ˵һԼû, ϸ, ȽҲϣã
иԽԽ, ⶼʲô£
϶֪˭û͵ȥ밡иԩˡ
ǴӿɽҰèҰꡢҲеġ
ֲܸҰһÿǰԤֻǼҼԼŻ
˵ˣǴӹܵϣһЩиʰˡ
û뵽ϻܳС
СӸ
ЪһЪ͵أ궼ˣż˼ҶָżµģĸʵһůҰҲɽˡ
ʱ㻹͵ľԴڿϣűץǰɣ
ҫôһ£иҲƹˤˣί˾һξõӡ
Ӳˣ
ϵװһĺ˼ںţҫ͵˶٣һ㣬ʮֻϽû͵ֵһֻҲŪˣһʮһֻ
ڼɲˣһļˣһ۸
ͷСİ壺۸ʮ顣
һֻǮˮƽļ۸ˡ
Χ۵Ҳ⡣
һֻǮԸҪ
ĺúõļµأ
ί⣬ҲұԹֻܸίĿи
и
Ҹ
иĺۣԼǲǷ̫꣬զ£
ί˵ҫҲ⡣
ֻӣȺڴӦõģզȥأҿȰķʵ
ͷС˵˹˹ģµǺ
иһ˵ʲôԵӣû̫⣬˵ܳԺ
ҫҲ֪̫˻ģװˣ氤Ҳࡣ͵һ˼Ҿ˵Ƥˡ
ϵӻһ࣬иżˣͰҫڴȥ顣
ã˸͵˵϶ʲô¡
Ӷо顣
иҲӦֱ˴ȥҫڡ
Ѹί˸ߣиʼҳͲ
˳أǱĶˣ
Ӹ˻£ǾǵĲУи˳¾ȥӺܿϡ
ίҫڴˣܵð˳ץʰһ٣ô죡
ϵҲ˳أһ¾ǶɽˣͰˣһȥɽҡ
и׼һúʰ˳һѡ
ǰˣڿĶ˰˳ص̫
˵ӣߣӣνسǣΪҩ˪һ˼׼һԼġƷ
˵ϣʱ仹ĺܣӣ˪Ҫȥ꿴
˪Ҳòǻȥϰʱˣ˾ȥһ˹Ӫꡣ
һȥŷ֣Ӧϰ˵ͿŵĹӪ꣬ʱ򲻹ǰ䣬Ŷû
˪üͷû껹
ǸҸɻզܲϰࣿ
ӣһ˪ˣлԾҪǮҪǰ;ˡ
ȥ˾ͷ˵лԾҪôǺúøɣԻԼڷһϯ֮أҪô͵ضԺ˪϶ٰں
·⣬ѡһͲһô
ӣһֱΪ˾ʮа˾ȼ˪λӣͼıԼĺô
ڿȻǴⲻŹʱˮˡ
ϵͶˣҲˣ׼һٵˮˣ
˪ӣָ֪Щʲô
ںеȳ˪ͻȻӦ׿Լ˼ӣԼĿڴůš
ӣ۵İָ˪ָĺΨһŵľǶ䡣
˪ճ̫˴ñӣӣϱӵͯ
ѽѽĶϾ͹ȥˣȵһ죬ߵ͵ø̫˪ԼŪһ׶
ˣǰõʱ˺óһΣҲģ˭ʱ·̫أ
ӣ˪˳ϵ˾Ȼ࣬һλ
˪ӣλϣӣվš
˵˳˪ǴӣȥԼʦ¶
ξûȥ¶ļȥسǵĹӪꡣ
ӣһ߲꣬ˡسǵĹӪꡭ
ô󰡣
ϵĹӪô
ǰǮľмŵķԱڱྡ
˪·˴ʦûһ¶ʹӺˡ
ϣ㲻ڴϹĵ硣
¶ҲѵôʱûͽܣȸӣץһԼĹӡ
ӣıŹڱϿģ˪Ǹʦ˵һͨСûӣҲǺܴ
ҿӣãûȥݡ
¶ǰĿ׼Щ쿴Ųˣ͸͹
˪ҪҪ
¶㣿ϴδִȸ׼ԡ
˪Ϲ˶٣ҲѵĿ϶ȵ춬롣
¶ɣͷҽٸһŵӡ

˵꣬˪ָӣһݽ棺ʦֲˣĲ
¶ǣⱲ飬˸츳õͽܣճǱͽѹŴ򡣵ҲһľѧĴ̫࣬۾׼
ϣ˪ҪԽٻٻһЩͷſԡ
ӣ۾ģѽѽ
¶صûãзԱĽˡ
Ũͳུļ飬Űɫ滹Գ󵽷飬ɫƤ
ӣһڿˮȲһӿԡ
ھζζȻһ˿𣬽֭Ũϣ̲ոպãҲˬϼ飬м
ӣһɵһ뽴棬Ľ֭ڣӦٽһͷģƾľ飬ͷմŽͷ϶Ҳܺóԣ
¶Źͽܺͽϱǰ۾ˡ
ӣ¶һĴָóԣ֭óԣҲĺãǡô
¶ӣһƨĵκ´һֱӱҵֹˣ
ӣζһ½ζ϶ĵͷ
ԻԵڶεģ
¶ˣûɶأ
ͽҲģϾǴӴӵÿζҪţԳ¶һм¾ͻԼȥ˪߰һʦֶȥ
˪˵ҪԭӣҪҩ¶һƣǲǵš
¶صһݸ˪Ұ͵ҽԺҽǶ˵Ҫġ
˪Ҫ򿪿¶¸Ц㿴ҲûãСòϡ
˪ӣ
˪̾Ĳˡ
¶ȥ˼ǵҸû˵ĵط
ľͷͽͥڵֱΪǲǻ
˪ӣߣǰҲⶪڴĲ
߳Զ¶ںЦ
ӣûһղŸʦ˵ɶɶĻ
˪ʵͷ̫ҶôˣǸʦࡣʦʶٸɲͥ˼ͥģЩҡЩٲŪɽҾ͸ŪɽʦͰų
ӣð⣺ǲܶࣿ
˪ĲЦҲǺܶ࣬ҹʶࡣ
͵ʵܵĸϣǺܶסͲ¥˭ҳԵõģᶼ֪һɽż͵⣬ٶҲҡʳļҪϸʳҲҪ˶ϵġ
ڿóľǹЩ֮ɽϵĢоһЩҰˡЩȥ˵͵ģܳԸϡҲۡ
˪Ҳûòãɽ̰ڳûʱԼŪãÿζǱˣϵ˶֪̫֪ĺ١
ȻȲǰЩ꣬˪ͳ¶һΪʱڣǽһ㲻ǻ¡
ټ˶ǹҷ룬Ҳ̫ҡ
Դǰ꿪ʼ¶ƵӴľֻҡ˵ݾѣֻҪץֳһֽǮһֽ˵Լ׷ѴĶ
ôץѱ
˪ȹЩҴɽɽϵĺöɶȥˡ
Ĵɽ֮Ϳʼ˽Ļǡ
ӣ뵽ζľҰˣҲˡ
ڴϾҪˣ
˵ҽԺ˪üͷҵճµҽѳ¶иĶԷ
ҽϲʤҲǸԼҪģǸҪġ
˵갡
ٿǰСӣҽ̲סĽ
ԼʱҲģ񣡺ò
˪ӣȥ˴ҪҩƷִһȦơ
˪ڣôڸ
ӣֲ֣Ůǵ£ڴڵӡжǸŮ˲ġеҪǲģñ˹ǲ⡣
Ƶĵ̣˪ͲýˣӣԼȥûһͳƴСֽ
˪֣ǲе٣
һСܸоʮ
⹻ɶһµûУ
ӣ
ˡ
ҽҪ׻һ£˰ѳĸһˣĵĸϴϴã
ӣе죬ϴϴãֶظĲӦ
û취ӣ˪ҽԺĴţ˵ˡ
˪Ҳòã
˪һȥʦдš
ӣ
ʡǣӦúŪ
ӣҲ˵ˣǸҽСس˽ޣҽԺû̫ࡣ
˪˵ͰӣɵһȭӣֽԼˡ
˪ֻں׷
һǰһ󣬾ô˰೵
ֱϣ˪Ըǣӣ֡
϶Ǵ۵ЦݣڿȻմŵĹӪʱ򣬾ˡ
磬ӪȻûţ
˪͵ûӣ־ͻشˡ
ӣʣⲻҪ
˪ҪҪģһϢ
ӣһ룬Ҳǣž͹ذɣܲǵˣͷ˪ع鹤λЩҲûϵ
˻˴ӡ
ߵӣһӡ
ҵ˳ˣҵ˳ˣ
üһ˾ȻɽϲСĵȥˣɽˣ˵ôҲأ
̧𣿡
̧ˣȺ⣬Ҳϡ
ӣƣզҴ󲮵ɽˣ
ĭɵĴһӣǰ˲ˣӣˣ
ӣͷһθоԼȻǸ˭һæ͸Ҹϡ
Ͻȥɣ¶ɽȿյɽ깣ڻûء
ӣǾͳһ·ϡ
ҫ͵¼˷֡Ż
ҫڰ򡣹
ί˰ҫѺߡźߣ
˳ɽȥ

ӣʵǺڣԼզͽˣ
Ӧֵİ
ҲӣԼܲϸβͣ
ϻؼңҩһ
ĵȥȴ󲮣Ե±Թʲôģӣû١
˳˾Ӵ˰
ţǮҪϾһӣץץ˵ˡҪǮǺܺʡ
ӣʾɶʵģ
һдѵһУ
Ȼиӣһ
ӣڴ˵ĿУļȥ͸˳ˡ
ھ̾ӣľտҽͬʱծ˳
ҲǹˣźӶˣԼɽ
б¾ɽһӲҪ
˻ҪһУ
ӣһãˡ
Ǻ˳
˳ˣǿС˼ţǾô϶ǻииƾǮࡣȻÿҲ¡
ҪҲ棬пһģ
ũС͵ộһ˵
˳밤Ȼ۶ӣûӰͷ
ԼƤɽĺܣµظɻ̲ס͵ϵģôܳԵ±˴Ŀͷ
˳ȶȺ鼤ܵʱȻɽβ
ʱһһٰǮˣ˵þûʲôˡ
ûϵ¡һȥ˸ίᣬһӾͰѴڲҿˣиܲˣҲˡ
ڶǣûϵԼôùɽ֮һŲȿգɽʱ䶼ȥˡ
Ҫиɽɽأʱ»ܵͣȥˣ˵Ļ¡
˵Ǹǻˡ
ӣ˳
˳۵ȱʯͷˣȻӰǣ۰
۵ˣ
ӣֻվһߣŴҹ˳ծ
˳˲䱻ŭԱΧϣЩҲ˳۲ۣץҪǮ
͵һֻСĸǮ
͵ҵһֻ󹫼Ǯ̫٣ҪĿ飡
ϽǮǣ

˳۵亹ֱð֪ѾץˣϱҲˡΪиȥҵ
ĶǸϽӦȻ˸ҩ
Ҷ׵ġҿ϶ġҡûн̺öӡ
⻰ǰٲöһ£˳Ǳ۵ġ
ڡ
ޣ׵ģӸ͵
Ҫû̺ÿ϶㰡
ģھͰҵǮң
˳ˣֲ֪롣
ĿԱߵӣϣϾҪˮ
ѾѾ󲮰֪ǰǺ޴󲮣˵䰡󲮼ʵûǮȵŵ㡭
û˵ͱӣȥ󲮣⻰˵ģҫõܷ˴󣬿϶ΰͷֹңҿɲԸմ˵ˣõܱίĴˣҲҪް͵ǼƲⲻǷ˴ҵ棿ҿɲҸȺڶŸɡ
ӣĻ˵ףм˶ʱЪ˼ӣǮҲҪ˵ˣղӣǳ׼ݵ룬úܶﶼͷ
ϵĳŴԼһ˻˼ң
ǿӣﶼûҶĬϻ˳ҪǮ
˳ӱί֮ˡ
զǣϸίˣ
ⲻ͵ϸί᣿
˳û˼·иͽ
и˳氲˿ʮӣڰǵƳȥˡ
˳κʵӳдˡզܰѺ͵ίᰡⲻǻһǰ;𣿡
Աߵ˵Цզ͸ί᣿͵һӾ͵ʮֻѵν֣
˳˻ӣӦð
ѵи棬ʰһ֮ͷǮȻ
͵ίɶ
ΧȺڲô룬ҶǺ͸ҫڡ
͵£ľǡǸڴӵĶǣ͵ҲûжԼҴ͵ģҲûһӾ͵ʮֻģ
͵ҲϸˮҲӲѱ߲ݡ
ҫأ
͵ԼҴӣ͵ôࡣ
ЩھӵദһӵĻʶ˷
ͷľ˳ӡ
ӻˣ㵱Ĳ˵ţ֪鲻
Ƕ˼ңԼͬ뵽ÿζǰ궼ȥԼҡ
һҴأ
Ĳȵ㣬ӵ֣ĸԣ
һӲǶ
˳ʶ鲻ãҿ󣺡λǰûôǮǡ֮ǰּǾõģҼĶôĻҪǶ˶ӣҲɥġ
Χҧгݣôɣ˭ûӣǶ죬ҲûгƤԣ˭ҲֱŶ͵ٶǲǷŻ𰡣
˳ˣﻹеǮĶó
óȾͽͲ˸ӣּʱľȣ֪ͽίˣǮȥȶӵİҪ˵ˣҲҪǮ
˳ǴˣͲ
ҪôЩӣҪôЩ˾͵ţ
Ѷ̳
һֻŰŪǻ
һӵףôԴһţ
Σͷи˵ˡ
иһֱ˳ûˣ̫ˡǰŰӣʱԼ·곪
ﲻǮ
и˳ǮҪôڸҪôǴӹֿۣӹֿۣӻֱӸɡ
и˳Ļƣ˾µֶʵڡÿ
û취˵÷ŭԱͰ˳Ҳȥίˡ
ʱ򶪵Ļˡ
иǲٹҫڣҫȥ˸ίᣬһƤ
ĵ֮ǰ˳㶨Ǯˡ
ܣ
и⻰һ˳Ϩˡ
µҲװ޺޵һи
ͲˣôԼôã̯иӳ
˳ΡΡĴӿ㶵ŽᣬΧ˲۾ˡ˳ɽǴϼҵףóʱĶ۵Ѫˡ
Ǯииûȥ𿪸ĸҡ
Χ˻ݸɫ˵ʲô
˳һӴŽᣬ߰š
湻װģ֮ǰּҾóʮ顣
ӣҲϾĿ˳˳һ£תֱ׳
÷ӣԼô죬˭˵ǮģԼҵҲûд
ӣЦһ˼ҡ
˪ԸϽȥ
ֵ˶뿪˳һ档˳ˣǶˡ
ƫ˭Ҳû˸̧ȥ
ӣԼҴһأ˪Ƶ㲻ǮĶ𣿡
ӣʼ磺ʲôʵģֲܳϡ

ӣ̬ɣ¶˸ҿɡ
Ȼûһʹ˳İ
˳һ࣬źӣӣơ
ӣΪ
˳ûǣƤˣ˵أʵû󰭡ֲǴʥĸ˳ϿɻǷԭԭĸ׵أ
˳ãӣţǾƿڴ
ӣɲ
ûһ˳;Լϵȶʧ
ˣ
иǵ˹˰˳
ǲӣϣæ˲⣬Ҫ˳Ǯ͡
˱ˣиͲ鷢˳
иԼɡ
С꿪ھҪһ飬˵˳͵ϡ
˳⣬߿ۣǮ
ӣͷ֡
ͷ˳ǮҲˡ
˳͵ϵ걻Ҳû⣬ʽ档
ҫڣ֮ûˡ
ӣ̹ӣ˳һӵۣŲż
иѪùȥ˼֣֮һ춼
˳һڣסԺסԺȥĽȥһʱн顣
ڣѩڻˡҪʼĴ
ǮջǱҲӭ˷ּҵӡ
ּҵĵ죬ӣûȥ鶼ŷ֣ҵĻȥ֣յľûҪȥ
иȥˣס
ӣ֪֪磬ӵǮջǴûмɡ
ӣ㣬֮ǰҩǮǮ
ǮջӣģһŴŽᡣ
ӣûƾܣ֮ҸǮջ߿Ǯ
õҩͺܱˣôࡣ
ǮջΣӣǲϡֻðǮջȥ
ӣּҷˣ׼סĶأ
Ǯջ룺ţҪôҷӿ˼һסţҪôǸ·ŵһҲסƷӡ
Ǯջ֪ԼӲϲԼסһݡǵŮ벻ˣסݣһԼʲôΣأ
Ǯջ֪ԼӵġһˡڸѸҲûˡ
˶ѸǰǷǶࡣ
ǲһˣǴŮҲô׹
˼סһ£ûô㡣ɲסһ£ԼΣա
ӣ岻ʱˡ
ǮջȥԼҵ
Ǯջԣӣ͸ɴ˵ˣ֮ǰҴ󲮼Ұʮݣֻı춼⼸ϵġ
ǮջԾǳݵӰ
ӣţӳһ£ǴӵǰǷҾòǺܺãһǷûб׼ҲֻǷǼġǼһ֣Ķķ⣬ۼģҲжּ⣬·ٵأǸ˼
ǮջʮּĿӣ
ӣЦ϶оϵģϿ˼˵ιݳιӺͺҲɵġǴһСƬ٣ʱʣµĺι
ӣ⻰ǿѨ磬ȷǲҪ˶ȱʳȻιҲʳι
ҪֻһСƬأƴӻԸġ
ǣֲźֱιǻΪ
׻ܸҷֵֶΪأ
Ǯջסӣֻ֣ҪԸ⣬һ׳׳ģ
ӻˣ²˵ء
ˣвãһιһߴŮۣ
ӣӦˣʹһȥи
и֧˵أüĿ価Ǹˡ
ӣüʲô¡
иüɫ裺Ǵӽͷͷָ
ӣǮջӣﶼǸˡ
Ǯջ˵ǣԼĿִ˼֡
ӣǡ
ⰡЫӣ


36 
иûֳԱɢ, Ҫһ˹ŷ飬ֵĹǷ̫, ָ߸Ͳ, ˴ҶҪûԸɡ
ϾȻۣҪʱ䡣
ӣһԼѾ˶ٽǡô˼飬иһʹпΪ
ֺ, ι, ι, ໹ȥӷʵء
ôܻ㣡
ӣûԤиѾвˡ
Ǵӹ˵һ£ôҾֱһǷͬǮջ, û, ͰǴӿɽǱߵϷӸǮջסһ䡣ȦҲǱߣͷСϪҲ, ˮˮ㡣
иÿһ˹򣡡
ǮջֱӿڵҲܹŵģ
ӣû֨, иһĲţջ, ֪㸺أҲܰԼۿˡֻ͹æ, ټæù𣿡
Ǯջʮֿ϶ҿԣ
Ҳʲô, Ѿܰ, ȫԹ˵ù
ӣҲ, ǷǮջ, Ǹһ˼·
۴Ӳǻ·ŵҿʱ֣ܰҾǸ·ŵСŮţιǣǾջžͺáдӳ㲻˵·ŵ𣿸ɴǰˡҲý͵Ǹջֵġ
ӣĥºܾˡ
ȣǮջ϶һæģ뷨оǴѳͳ˰Žȥ
Ͳ˵ˣԳ˵֮Ȼôˣ˵Ǻ¡סԶ̵ĵطһʼ࣬޿ɱҪҵҰ
ֻһ㶼ǰŸеģе󣬸Ǹ˵Ϊ
ӻйŮߣóȥв࣬ӣҲûЩȢϱϹǣճûɻ䡣
Ҫ࣬ٲҪ˵ɧ
ܿסδؿס˵Ķ⡣
ӣãᣬѳҰŵĻˡ
˵иĻҲ˳ұϾǸӣԱ̫״ˡסԶá
ҲǸɻˣðǮջµֺιܵĻһ㶼ɡǴﵽͶĿġ
г񣬳Ҫһ˵ɽҲⱻ˶ϣҪǷͺ˵ĹȥˣԲݿ϶ģɽɽ˰
ӣԼžͺ˳ȴĿ꣬ǡ
иһҲ
ҵ·ţȷʵе㲻֪ô졣
Ƕǹ̶ˣȻȱࡣϹİ꣬˳أ˵ҫء
¶ˣĶҪŶˣ
·ŵģҲһֱŲܡ
ӣ˵ͺܺɻӴˣﵽĿĻÿӰ졣
ͺף
ȻиڿӣĴ֮󣬸ǼᶨԼ뷨
Ҫ֮⣬ǴӵָҲһͷҲԶһֻ
иһֻֻ򣬶ΪĲƲ
ȵ˫ʱĴﵽĿˣҲ˫֮ǰһ⣬Ҳһð˫˳˳
ˣܷˣ
и൱ãڿʱˡ
һڣм궼ֵܷ˼ҲˡԼܷ֮һҪǼˣûԼҵĺô
ǵ̾ͱû˵ͬС
ҾóɣǴôˣ
ǣҼǵøڴ˼ҾǼģҲͦá
ؼôŪҾͺܹƽ
£ɶȲƽ֡
иİ嶨£ֻʣµļֻץΡ
˲⣺զץˣǰָ𣿡
иҲɫǰǴչЩ¹Ѽͥ꼯ˣҪľ˺üͷһǹƽ
ͷиȥģԴӴӣ˳ҵĹ˾иͷ˼Լ
ǰǵԴܶ¹˺ʿŹ¶չˡ
ӱϾǲӣôˣͰ˵۸ˡ
͸˳һѪݡЩ˼ң˾;úôӦԼģڴϾȻЩˡ
иһ뻹ɣ͸ץΣ˭鵽˭û鵽ƾ
̶ץΣиҲɴ࣬̾ûȥ֯׼˵ѡ顣
տʼҶǺӻԾ
ֲѣ˻µأٲ˶һ⡣
ⲻͺܺã
һȺŮȥ
ͷģϱ
ǺôƤӵߣͲðеĺöԼҡ
ֱĸߵԼҿԣõĺܣұ֤װֵ
иû˵ԲԣתʵҪզ죿
ϱ·˵㣬е㲻Ȼָ
ͻ£ǼֲԼҵܽⲻɣ
иĿһۣͿϱصĻĺôָĸɹҵĻ
ܵģ˾ȥ͵ˣġ
˵ֵĴ󲿷˶ǳ͵ȥġ
ƫƫʱӣǮջ˵˼С
Ǯջҧҧִ˵ұ֤ҾԼ⣡
һʯǧˡ
Ǯջ֮ʹŮʰȥ£Ҷ֪
Ҫҫ͵¼ҵĻֻǮջˡ
ôһѿڶ˵ԼҪ
иû˵ʲôϱͿˡ
Цˣ⣬˵˭ᰡҲ˵ðɣ
Ǯջҧ˵ԸѹҵĹȲҪһֻҽһֻĹ֣һֻҾһֻǮùֵ֡
⻰˵أһӾͰϱˡ
ǣΪҲ̫ƴ˰ɣ
Ķôôأ
ⲻ֪ǮջȷʵǰԼľݡ
ˣŮųԺȣСŮ岻ãԼָɲػ
ôЩһֻҲֻһ·ˡ
˿һԣ˻ȥϹһϲ˹ĻɲֻаѴӵܰȵĹϺӡ
Ǯջ֪ģ
ӣ˵̨Ӽȥ˵û˻
ľ壬ǮջȻҲԼҪƴһѵġӣ˵԰壬ԤлӣҲ¶Ҫúð
˳ܻؼҳԼûطȥֻһ·
иϱϨˣҲû취Ǯջƴ̾İǮջ
ҲǮջġ
ϾǹǮջһҵߵ̬ͺܲһ
ʲôһС飬иᶼûᡣ
ⶼС£ҲǻǮջˣһСƬֵۡ
Ǯջˣʶӣ˵ΪԼʲô˼ˡ
µĳԼɹҲȫԼ֧䣬Ȼδ֪̤ʵǸһûиܹġ
ʱҪԼջ᲻ᱻߣԼŬûб˱ˣ춼ڽǡ
룬ֻҪ߿ˣһеĽǶǽˡ
öǳǩ
һѰɫֻֽֽдţ˭鵽ֵľǳˡ
Ǵϵ˾Ϳʼ²ǩ
ӣڱȽϿλãǰֶ˳Ψһû
ӣһȥġ
һտҲ
ǱߴУԭһֻ
ӣνЦЦ̬ͺƽϱӹһŽƷο֮дšллݹˡһ
Ķôĺء
ţͻȻһţԣ۴ӵһֻдǩӰɡ
ξû˷ˣѴҵĿհֽջٻһдߵ
ӣһ£ڱȽϿĵط顣
ˣ
ӣһ߸ߣ
ϵȻдһ˶֣
иһ֣ãȵӵĸ̣ȥֻҾˡ
εĻԲɹ
ӣϲ̾ȥ˪˪ҲòϾ鵽׬
Ҳѹ׻ܶһ⡣
ӣˣͿʼ׼æ
ǴǮջȥңʱ䱾Ѿ̫ˣһεĽ̴ѧ壬ӹúܳʵ
ӣָһϢһӾóۿˡ
Դӻѩʼڻһֱ´ĵ֪·ŲǽġͶӣķ֮¡
ӣȻһΰ˲ϣ
ȻĻҲɣֻҪֽܹţѾİοˡ
ǮջѵڳǰЩִ٣ӣ룬Ǯջѹûദľ顣
ǰǸƢϵĶŮȡ̯£ڴûѡԸҴɻǮջûʢ˵뷨ǲ֪ô˺ú˵ˡ
Щ⣬ҵԸǺԲڣûʲô͸Ǯջ
˶ǿˣǮջŮҲ൱һŮͬһӾͶˡ
ӣ˴ߣǮջֱһݡ˲Զĵھӡ
Ǯջ͵Ŵ˸Ȧʱܰ
Ҫȿʼæſֺ
һӾ죬˸̾ƺѾǺܾ֮ǰˡ
ֹ˼죬˪Ҳʰ˼׼ָϰࡣ
ʱ˳ڴˣ
˵ļ죬˳λĴٴˮ˶Ҫҩһû׼
ԣʮĴû¾ȥ˶ʮ飡
˳кת̱ʾԼҪԺؼ
ȫֻжʮˣ
֪ҫʲô
˳ӻˣӵ֪֮󣬶һڡǵùߵĸһӡ
˳ĵһ£ŻûȫȺȥҫڡ
ϾҪѧˣҫۿžҪѧµȻҪٽ
˳ΣûеõһȷеĽ
ҫڵȻǱץˣǸί˵ҫڵ黹Ҫٵ顣ƾ˳νԼѾǮӵ˶Ѿ½⣬ί֣ţ
˳Ҫ裬ӱץˣѧϲɣԺôǵˣ
ǵ˵û˺ü죬ڵõҫڵĴ
ҪҪд֡
Ҫǣҫڱ𺦼飬ԸίôӳƼϸе֤
Ҳ˵ҫڼаõбҵ֤Ĺؼʱ̣˿˲ӡ
˵õҵ֤ˣﶼҪһʡ
Ҫ֪ʱ򣬴Ҷעؼһҫھƾ۵㣬ⱲӶٱ¼ȡκιҵĵλˡ
Ǵϵʱƣһӡ
˳һ㡣
ôҲû뵽͵˼ֻȻͻԼӵǰ̣
Ǽֻ
¿ί˶ſͷ޼¡
Էʾǿǵҫڱ˵Ͳһεɲ׾͹ȥˡ
ҲҪνֵġ
˳Ըν֣ҲԸӶѧУƾԼ۵㰡
˳˷·˲ʮ꣬Ҳضá
Ĳ⣬ǼΪʲôͺһ䵽أ
ί˰ҫڷų˺ЩҫڳһӦǱĶ˳ȭͷ
ûܹҲûгԹĿͷڣû¹
ҫһ߻ȭͷһ߿ޣǻҰΪʲôңҵ˶죡
ҫڰ಻סĵĿ־壬ĵĺ¸ĸ
ԽǺ£ԽҪǿӲ
˳궼£껹ĸĿޣȥסҫھ໽С˳Ҳǣݺ֮£Ķˡ
Ǹ֪ˣԶҲǼ
ڶӻǰ̣ԼҲӵ˵
ǰ·ֻʣѵһһӶҪһ泯ӡ
˳ҫڴ˼ҡ
ⲻ֪ҫڱ⼸죬Ѿȫ˵ӡصҺҫŶˡ
ʱи˸Ϣ
ٽ԰ҲҪ˳ҫڶҪȥࡣ
иǸòΪ͵ôȥ˰ɣ
ڸίǶ˺ţζһҾǴӵĺӣɻҲֻۻ
ĻҪɵ
˳Ķˣû뵽ӾȻܸ
ҫڣѧ֮ҲʧȥԵʸӲ
˳żʣĶʮǮЩǮ˼Ѿûˣ˵ЩȲһЩӺù˼ҡ
˳֮ڿסˡ
裬ȥɣۼҵ˵˵æ֡ǽŮǸίͷ˵һ˵ô˵ҲǾˣܸܲһ档
˳˼ȥͷϡ
û취ӣӿϣƼƼǱΪûκλȨ
˼ȥܿŵģֻɩˡ
ҪԸ⣬˵Ůڲǰ;ãӦҲԸԼ˼ҳ˲ʵ°ɣ
˳֪̬ȲãҪѹ¸ˣ
ô˵Ҳʮ꣬Ͳø㹱ף
æӦ£ˣҲû취ˡ
ȥⶳϪˮֿʼʡ˪Ҳ˸ٻȥϰʱ
ӣϴȥʱ򣬹ӪŵӣЩ˵ϵķܾ꣬ǸС۾лԾûƨ
ص¶˵ĵҲ湻ġ
˪Ѿ˳˼׼ӣҲǰοΪ֮ǰ˵˵ģˣڵҲҹܣҡ
ӣϸ룬Ҳȷʵˡ
˪ٵ˾֪뿪֮ǰ־ݣôҲ⡣
ҪСЩ
ǹ׶㰵ѷлԾ쵽ʲô˶һ֪
˪ġ
ɵӣлԾʵ˺ü꣬һֱûᣬҲûκΰѱ
Ҳ⡣
ȵ˪˵ֹӪȻһƬֵΡ
ڵζĸɾʹѾ˸±ͰӽӡķԱбŹ̨һûʲôı顣
˪ɫ֮ͷлԾͲ쵼˶ڡ
лԾʮȻĴкˣ
쵼ǳ鶯һ£̬ûж硣
˪˰ã˵£Ҳο¡
ҾԾպܲĺܺãŸһʦһ£Ծһ飬ͨͿˡ


37 
˪쵼, 겻СŲʮӡٰϼ, ȰӰŽسǵĹӪ, ܹˣؼҹˡ
Ϊˣһֱšһ²һ¡ԭǵ˪֮ǲôˡ
˪Ѻľ, ʡٵĹֻϼͿʱ򵽡
˪ĿлԾ֮, һȥ, лԾȻϵ˲١ղԼʱлԾ֪˵ʲôЦݡ
Ȼˣ⸱Цڿ˪˲˻ȥ
Ӧ飺¾ͽ, ˪, ҶΪܶˣҪǸ˽, ˲̫˽
⻰ڵ˪̸лԾǼ, ȻƽѾ׵׵лԾ, ׼лԾĶ
˪Ŀ俴лԾлԾĺܲڡ
лԾôôң
˪ҡҡͷֱµġ
, ǰˮ˺ͷתġ
лԾȻĶ˶, ΢ԶЩ
˪ûоʹ˰֣쵼, ҪҸлԾʦ, , ʦҪ˵ģԼҲǱ֮سǽͳһˣ֮ͨϸڡΣûʦҵĵһһǶлԾ֤ԺҵһңҪ˭˭лԾھԼӣУߣǵĴͽˡ
˪ɵлԾһʲôҲܲµ
һﵨӴҲڣˮ֮˿϶ܿԼվڸɰϡ
ҪôǰҲˮҪôлԾں߻Ȩ룬߻Ȩ֮ۻ˪ȻҲ˪ġ
˪ôҲܵԩͷ
Щ굱쵼Ƣˣ˪⸱ӲԵ̬ȽͷһӾҪŭҪЮ˭أ߾ߣΪȱһͿȥˣ
˪Ĺ۸оͺܸӣбµģϧƢãǰ˵Ļص㣬˪ĬĬ߿Ȼǲ
лԾ˵˵ĺԱԱȣ˪̬Ⱦ͸ð
ƽĶۣҪ𣿲һ֤
еĹ涨ְ͹һ㣬ʦ֤Ҳǰ˸ȼļְͬʦĳ֤Ƕһضһʦ߼ʦ
˪ԼҲȵ깤䵽ˣȥ
ڣ˵лԾְֱ˵ƨֻл쵽һʸְ˪ڵְ
Ҿ˪ҪлԾҲǴﲻı׼
лԾһ˪ֺˡ
ĻһлԾ;òãϽȰ磬֪Լˮƽﲻҽָָҿ϶ܲ쵼Լһ֤
лԾվ˪ߣʵ֪ԼˮƽΡ
û˪
ǹֵĶ˺ܶࡣôÿ궬һʣ
˪ɫӲƺǴⲻҪٶ˵һ䣬ֱߡ
ʤķ껹ǰͶʮֿأȥһ꣬˶֤ܻ֮һ½سˡ
Ҳɫ࣬ڽ궬лԾѵĶڻóȥһõǮ˶Ⱥˡ
˭뵽˪ȰŵЩڲ˺͸ɻֻһ͵ٿǮ
ڵϵһС쵼˵ûռʲôôҲԣϾǹŹӪˡ
ЩôҲܻЩƱ͸ʳƱżЩĶؼҳԣٶҲûˡ
ҪôһɾѶͽسǵĹӪء
ϵ˿٣ӪҲޣֶױ֪
سǾͲһˣǱߵķմֵĿ϶ܶ㡣
ǣ죬лԾչʾֻҪ˵ĵӴǰж㡣
лԾ˰ѵĸɻŪ߻ǮȻ򲻺ãˮܵά޵ԭ岻ʱľ͹Ъҵ
Ҳ䣬ϼ쵼飬˵Ŀûж٣ֻҪڹǰǼ챣֤žͺˡ
˵ҲֻǵùʲôмӪΪάʲôһֱŵ顣
ô֤һ쿪һʱһʱ״̬׾Ͱѵڹȥˡ
Ŀһһʱ䣬ѿհ׵ʱϾͺá
Ҳ֪лԾĶҵˣԷȻŪһЩϡĹҵƱлԾŹҵƱ˻ƱܿͰȱʧƱհϡ
һҲҲѱĿʵȫϵġ
лԾ˵ˣǱȽͻȻŻȵһ죬ȫƱڵֵƱҲ٣ԻƱá
˶죬ǾֻóǮٰƱϾͿˡ
̲סĵͷԼλ̫ˣǰĽسǣ룬سǵĹӪָɡ
ô˫۾ţһЪҵ˲Ǵ¡
˸ôһ£ܿʹղЭ顣
ðлԾڷһֱ˷µλãлԾǰ̺ô߶ܿÿһ̴Ǯ
ò񫣬Ű˪ŪߣԼлԾǸ㣿
лԾûô֪㡣
֪˪һֻ˪ڣŻãǰڵĺףǲźùôĶڲ˶ڻ
ǣлԾ֪¸ɵ̫ҪǷָǳԻ׵ĳ̶ȡ˼һôһξ͵ˣһΣһô󼸰ٿ飬ѾǽĹʡ
ôϸˮȥϼ꣬Ҳ˻
ȫиҸ꣬׼۵Ǯ˪ˣйϵŪ
ᣬлԾɲָŵ˶ʣǵȵˣȫĶǮ
ղãӰ
Ҹ˵ģʲô·øɣʱָҲˣŪСС֣ۻǮ
ţлԾϧĿһ˪֮ǰ˪һɡ˪Ӳ簡
һ룬лԾҲ⡣Ͼ˪գԼɶûУ˪˼ҲδԸһ
־Ͳ֣
лԾﳩֺ£ǾԼ˪˴Ҳ֮ˡ
ֲĲ£ΪǮա
˪Ķ֪ܲ˽¸ʲôлԾҲûԼܵˮ©˪
ľͶһ˪֪Ҳû취
ȥǸ죬ʲôˣ˭Ҳѱ
˪˵ϵ˿֤ص꣬˭ڹӪſڿʲôʱʲôʱˣ
лԾʮֽص겻˵һһ죬ʱذ죬ʱ򿪰졣
һ˵쿪ţǼ˵š
ȫ˵ǵĶԹŵġ
лԾмȥسǲɹ˵ǵʲôʲôˡ
һȭ޷졣
˪һǣʱվҲҵ취Ӧԡ
Ķ˵ˣĻһߣǷ˺üǴֳа취ԽƱ硣
ǵ©ѩܳתƵ˼ʱŵģǵĶĵġ
лԾļ˶ǰһһһüףһóǰ׼õĲһļˡ
˪лԾ˵ղǶλԼ֮䲻ͣĴԲҲǲµ㡣
лԾѾ㶨˵˪һС
ķԱ֪ôлԾ㶨ˡ
һЩڣ繤ǮշԼиʲôݵģҪѧĲѻ
Աδû飬лԾ϶ܰѹס
˪ͦû˼ġ
ѵӹ룬һдľЩԱû׼лԾĸá
Ͼ˪ֽҲѭ浸صģԶԶûлԾкôҷĸϲ
˪룬лԾǾ䱾£ҲˣлԾҲȷ¡
Լѹ꣬һܰز
ϵµԱⶼĸɾƯ
лԾȰ˼䣬ɫȻɲÿҲء
ô˵Ŀǰﻹ벻˪
Ͳͣ˪ʲôʱ±㲻ԭζнӺͰҲĲ˺ܶࡣ
֪ûжŵһʱ䣬ǵ궬ӪҵȽҲǲ˺ܶġ
ڻ˪ߡ
ٿھһ쵼ĴȲƽˡ
С죬ᣬЩת䣬Ҳ⡣֤¾ʱȲ˵ˣպãԾҪѧȻˣ϶ǽ㡣
ﲻǲźģһͽ׬٣ΣϾܰѶͽȥˡ
лԾ˵Ҳԣ쿪ʼͲôڶˣʲٶ־Щۡ
ÿ궬һξ͸ոպãҲСܶࡣ
ȵϴҶϰĬ϶췹ǹţǾͲþԵĹˡⲻãһһ㣬㹻ѵĴ󲿷ֽͺá
Ļ˪ûʲô顣
˵˼䳡滰׼뿪
뿪֮ǰ˪ס
£
˪Ҳֱóֽʣȥ궬ǰдĽӣдһ顣лԾǩ֡
֪ʲô£˪Ψһ뷨ǱԼǣȥ
ȵ·Ҳȫˡ
ǩҲ֪ǩĻ˪ȫ᲻̯ӡ
ֻܶݺݵİ֮ǰ˪֮ǰͬһΡ
˪ǩõĶϸϸۺ÷ȷʵû취лԾʲôͲˣܲȭ
˵ȭʻӣ̸ģӣ˵ˣҫ͵ģҪʶȭ
Ȼҫڵ˴ù
ڣ˪͵ſʲôʱȭ
˪ص˹λȥ·δڹлԾҲصԼӦеλã˿ûи˪ͷ
˪ص֮ӣ˵ˡ
ӣŴo֡
ǣЩ˵ĵ˽
ôܸɳ°
ӣС۾лԾôȱǮҲٰɡ
ϵĹʱȻǵһЩϵҲడ
Ͼɽɽɽֻÿ»ǮʳӻǺùܶġ
͸˪һÿµĹǸģȫҲϡ档
лԾ˹Ӫ⼸ְ꣬ûǹǰһ¹Ҳиʮ㡣
ôͲˣ
˪лԾǺ칫ģҲʤģǱһġ
ӣȤôԼҹһɣ
ǰĳбҵڹѰӦҲѵİɡ
˪ֵĿӣһۣû˵Ǹ𣿡
ӣŹȥô֪ֲԭ
˪͵ǱߵĹǺģǰЩ֮һֱûлָһֱǳžȼȼʱ䳤ˣҲˣǳ硣
㣬Ǳߵ˻ӣһһкʮĶŮǱ߼ޣ˵ֲ˼ҡ
˪лԾֵܽð˸
ӣ˸ǿ
ӹһ˸
˪лԾΪʲôԼҹ磬ȥ֮ٲҪֵܽıôɶһѪˡ
˪˵лԾϰҵģҿĥʷַ飬̸һŮꡣ
ӣһƣŶҲüˣզû˵ַ飿
ڶǸҸɻģλַǴͳ
˪޿κΣǴӻҷլأѹûǨڡ
˪ӣǲף͸һ
ѡ˲Ǩڣ˵ϹӦǰѻǨλļ廧ϡǵԼһĸףûҪԾûǨȻˣڴϣܷլء
˲߶ռլأȻûٷַ
˪ԺǵĻ¾ҪǨˡ
Ȼﲻַûطס
ӣһ˶Ľһ򻧿ڣΪиﻧڼͷ˭뵽ǸĽũ廧ˣ
ũ廧լأЩũ彨ĺõģÿ˷Ǯ
ӣǻͷʣܲ˽ǣڲġ
ԼҵլغͻڣȵԺ˻סһסء
˪ɣͷʡ
ͲִųﻧڣسɽһЩ˳ԵĴĻû
ӣҲ̾ʵǾҽѧ⣬Ҳûʲôá
ɽˮģԵҲ㣬Ҳá
˪ͷ̫ˣҶŽء͸۴ǰĸŮһ˼ķӣǧĸ˸ϱΪȢϱתһ첻˵𡣡
ӣɴ۾𣿡
˪̫˵öˣҲסЩأ˵ǻϴĹ򣬲ǺأҲ˲Ǯ
ӣզ࣬ͷ˼ңò˵ʵ̫±ˡ
һȦ˵лԾ
˪ǵλַĿҲҿлԾҪԼ취
ӪȻйӪ꣬ǿɲԸһλۺһģַҲǴλһšָˣ˭˭һ˵ָ겻ҲûܰлԾ롣
лԾڵĹѹŻлᡣ
˪Ǹ󣬲֪᲻Ըˡ
лԾڵ԰ڣ˵ԼҵĶůƿʽˣѾˡ
ְһϵ˼ҲǺܿԵģÿµĹӦǱлԾߡ
лԾ˸ĶгʮֵĴ⡣
ӣ˪һ˪еƣ㿴Ҹ
ӣԼ˪һ㲻Ǻܸˡ
˪̾Щ˵ĸܣǾҲлԾˣԺĺܺðɡ
˵ǰԲӣȴ˲⡣
˪˵˵ûеˣԽദӣԽܸܵ˪˵һЩ֡
ʱҪʲôǾһšûһϻѲѳԣ˪ԸǸɴͲ
ȻҲͶѣʵʵģͷ
ÿԼԷǽб֣Ҹɻһ㶼ռˣҲб֡
лԾȻ˲ֵ飬ȴĻ˱Ǯ
˪æ˼꣬ʮðŷղµǮлԾһһһˡû۵ҪҪɽ
ЩܵǣǵķԱлԾ̬Ⱥܺá
ǷԱǰ˪ڵʱʲôľʡǲ鷳ЩδĶ˪ܸл
ȴϲлԾ
˪£ȷ鲻á
ӣʮֿ϶ûǻ
лԾΪȻֺˣ˷Ǯ˵ȻˡЩ˶ӣҲлԾΪʲôǮǣǮ˪
лԾĺôǾͬı
лԾ˪ôĽ
ӣϲڵӣ㲻Ҫġ
Բ˺ܶ࣬ȱлԾһӣã˪ϵִ֣ŻȡøлԾһĳɹ
лԾӻˣֻҪȻúá
Ĵӣˣ˪ģӣҲЩδظǴ󸻴󣬵ĳЩȡ˵һĵλദҲȫȻûǰĽǲ
ǻõȫԼִֺŬģƽ
ӣĻ˪۾˼֣ص㲢ӣΣǡ
⻹ӣͷһ϶˵ϲ
˪ĿƣӣЩ˼Ĵչȥ˪һڡ
ҲСȤ˪һοӣСʯͷһڣĪʼҪ
ӣһξôôȻ۵Ŀʼʱʱһסÿ˵ԺǽߣȻ˿Ǵˡ
ѾǴ죬˪ص֮æһ󣬲ϵ˶±һһȵƽɽҲһƬһƬɫ
ӣ˪ٴɽ
ӣɽ﷢˲Ұˡ
߸ߵǮȫһǮмҪĻϻˡ
˪Ȼطеƫ©ˡ
ϵȲĽɽˣһȥЩ˼ҵʳѾ׽⣬´ηʱ仹кܾáмЩʱվҪŴɽӡ
ɽǮһһãСȥժ˸顣
ʣҲǱȽģȥժġ
˪̧ͷһǰ©µǮǸȫժ˰ɡ
ȻȵˣС£ҵ˸⡣
ӣҲÿԣ˰Ǯ޶˸⣬ժ¨Ǯ
˪һ¨ڼңһ¨ͽسǸ¶żҲȥ
µǮ˪ͿʼŻԡ
ȾǮﲻȱʳ˪ûиһֻ棬ͰۻϣǮϴɾմۣϹõǮζٽһ֭ӵͣζȷ
λһЩĳԷǮ̲ܲ˿ͷǮǮ̯
ӣԽԽɿڣǮջͳҶһЩǮѳԵð⡣
̫óˣ
ľųҲԹǮֻεǮζûǰḻ
ζһûڸǹȥǮ㣬ۺǮĿڸķǳֺ㡣
ѾͶѾҲһ㣬СҲһ⣬žϲ
ӣѶѾϵĩȥѾҲµĵл
ӣǺ⣬̲סС
ǮջҲ˵ĺܣ˳ʦæ˲ϵʱ򣬶ǳչСģʦҲ˲æ
ǮջҲǰ˹֮ŷ֣ԭ˵ĻӣʵҲûô
˵ǸϷģȴһ˶š
ǮջżȻһοڽ̳ʫĽɨä˼֣ŮֶǴѾѾСѾ˳Ļ˾ʹ㽵̬
ûãҽ̱ʫĶͶѾѾ档ѾǱСѾһСҲѸٵ
Ǯջã͵ڵӲŽء
ûûˣӾȻù˲١
ܸŮԵõģʱʱ㵽һֻӻ
ЩǮջûϰ
Ĵ˶һ˳ԡ
˵Ǹһٶ׵ھӣʵϵݼһ߶Ƶ
ǮջҲ±˵ǣһŮ˴Ůܸȥˣ
иɲ£Ҳҡ
ǰ˾һżӵĹѸˣӰܻܱߴӶɡ
˵ˣߴ֮󣬸ûɶˡأζ
ӣǱȦǺˣͻ𣿡
Ǯջ̣͵ˣĿ׳ʵֻ
ӣȥһۣǮջȻ뷨ڱŪ˸װˮĲӡ
Ȧʳֱˮۣˮ߻һܰˮբסˮբмһȥĴˮСӡ
ӣ͵͵ˮ˼Ȫˮ
ǮջԼҲǳˮ滹ӺľסӦǲŪࡣ
ˮӣͷˡ
ԺһʱһξУⲻ
ȵҲʱӣʱˡ
ųɽ


38 
Ͳ, Ȼ׶˴ɽǱѩһ죬Ϳﲻסˡ
ӣɽ, Ѿͷ͸һֻһ, ıģﲻͣľ
ӣ㣬㿴ﻹأ
ҸղſһֻСӣ
໣˵ɶн԰ɣ

ӣЦпų, , , Ҫˡ
һӣҲʱ̹עţֳȻܵķ裬˻ǻġѾͷڼ֮ε, ŸСһ
ӣҲĲ, ɼ֮ǰѧĹǻӣԱ·õġ
ӣųȥԼȥļط, ָһЩҩֲꡣ
, ݵֲϵժ, ҩԿûôãժʱҪע, Ҫϴɾ֮ٹɡ
ӣһ˵һ߿ķӦ, ǴСͿʼϷ, Ļ, Ƕȴ, ûһ͸ӣظһ飬Ҳߡ
ӣԼڵ˱ʵǿ֮ġ
˵˼֮󣬾˼һȴûʲô˵ĵطѼֲȥ͵͵˵Ȫˮ
ӣԳ˵Щֲһ꣬ϡȵȫˣҾͽôԡǲŪһƬҪֲֲΪСƬط͵á
ܶҩĶֻҪֲ֮꣬ӣûдͷʼ׼ȴӽֲ꿪ʼ飬סֲҲÿһЩԼ磬ʱܽˡ
ʮ棬ӣҩԶĵطҲǷóںʱˮȡ
ӣѳ˳һȥɵˡ
ӣӣ㣬úáö㣡
ӣ԰ӣǰܻضˡ
סӣ֪
ӣͷָԳ˵طżȻֵģܱߵ˶֪Ӧͨŵˮ㣬١ӦãЩԲԱֳ֣˻⡣
ʮѣ˭˵
ӣǰܻضԼ˵ˣܹӣΣ
ӣôţһ˷ҲͷˣǸ˵һ£˷֣Ϳܣ˶ϡ
ӣûһֱţҪǱżȻ֣ҲǺϾûд֣˵
ĻԼ׽ǳ˶ȥϹ߰ûʲôɽץץ֮ȥԵʱҲСģۼǵðá
ӣԼҳҲ±˿ߣ˪֮ǰҪСպãȵɽ
Ϊʲôӣڹڼ͹üεը飬мﶼǸζ
񽻴һͨӣŴųɽ쿪ʼҪɽˣȽӣҪļҩĲժԼԼꡣӣصڳҲ˵Ȫˮó֮ǵøֲ꽽ˮ
һӣ׶ˡ͸˿һҩģȻһɽҩС
²Ͷ뵽Լҵ
򣬲ҩץ㣬ÿɽɤӡ
Ҳ֪ǲǱץģҲǰŲ԰ףǴЩΡ
ңÿ춯ĶˣԵҲˣҲо֮ǰࡣ
·֮ǰѾĺܲˣʱ˵ھԺǹû٣Ǿӡ
ȻԲɴûаҹѹ˳ɽŪԵģñڳӺöˡ
ӣͷܺãҲο
֮󣬳ҾͱίȥΣʱҪ󸽽ӵ˶ȥЩŮ˵ĳ浱ӰźӿŹӰСʣǶһ͸һұŷ֣ûνΪϴ̬ȺܺãҲΪ
ӣǼ³һ벻ڣҶڵӺ㣬глϥ£̫ż弼߻ǮջܴѣܿͶȹܵĽ׶Σ
УӣʱˣԼԵҩȥҽԺչվԷ˿ûҩƷһҩȻǰƷá
ӣʱ֪ԼҩƻӦǿԳɹˡ
ҵϵȶˣӣ˼ĥˡ
ҩʵʸǰһξ緢ʯǴΣ֪ӡ𣿡
һ߳ҩһߴզûӡĴ²࣬Ǵε飬һһһˮȺŹֵĴζʮˣҶȥԱˡ
ӣһǵʱֱȥ˼𣿡
һ£ʯǴûоȻˮȺŹǴûȻ
ӣæʵܲܰһʯǴθ˵ҽ𣿡
ȻΪʲôôִŵʾ£ǴƲɣǻҽԺҳһţʱûԽӵһһҽһһ˵Ҳһҽŵģ߰ģ˭ע⵽
ӣĻҲ֪ԼЩΪˣԭĸ׵˲ܲ˳㣬׷ʵܸµסĸû˼һҵĸףʱЩĸǰûʲô
򻹲֪ӣȻһιȥҲͬ飺ңһܰѱĲ˵Ϣ㣬Ҫǵ˼ԸԸⱻš
ӣǰһģҲҪϸϢʱӦǴͬһ˶סģǸͬʮа˾ҲǴӵģҾ˽һ¡
룬ǿͬ⣺ȥһסԺɣǼʾǴӵģҾ͸˵һ¡ǵĻûǲҪ׷ˣҲйƶȵġ
ӣæлܴҽԺҵͻƿѾ֮ϲˡǵҽԺһңиҲǵͬ˭ˣ򲻻ᵽҽԺĥ
ûãȥɫɣӣ̾ǲˣĲǼ棬Ǽ䲡ˡ
ӣ
ɫأһĲĶߣԸͻ˲ӦòǵġڶǸСҲʯܺߣͽǻȥġҲ˴Ż˲һǴӵġ
ӣ˭
֣ﹷʣ
ӣ
ﹷʣϵ˶Ϲ


39 
˳һӽѾڴϳ˱Ե, Ϊ͵ֿҫڳûǰǸ˭µİ
ʵϣҫڵĴ˭˶Ҫһĭˮƽ
С͵ӡ, һӾʹܱߵļϡ
ҫһ͵ʮֻ˶Ա, ӵ˾ȻҲԼӵĶǿ˳ˡ
ȻҲǶôûĺֺڵҫǸ̶ȡ
и˳ҫڴȥ࣬ϹʱҲû˾ʹ˰ࡣ
ҲһģϹڳ̶Ƚ, ճڹ԰ͷ, ԰Ҳ, ȫһҲûۡϹܸһƨҲû˰
ҸӣӾûôùˣиһӰѽͷ๤ȫ
۶, Ҫͷࡣ
и;ҫ͵ٲĸԭ, Ӿ͸ˡ
˻ţ÷£
һ֮, иҲˡϾͷ, һԼų˭ˡ
Ľӹ˶ӵص, ҫ滻
ֵһķ඼, ҲҪϵ׷ʣһȥ, Ӿĥ·ݡ
·һЩ, æİԼʰɾ, ׼ȥᡣ
껻Լõһ·, ʹϵζЩģζĲˣϵڶˡ
ϻûζ
˳ԼľˣĶŵó
ӦҲþ˵ġ
ҿ֮ǰûȥᣬҪȥˣʮа˾žͱˡոպãҲ˼ңٲҪҳ
֮ϵڲȥᣬҲϴȥڴӵʱ˻ûӾ˵ַּҵ顣
Ϊ˷ּңżҵ˺ĺѿԼҵֲʱ߶ˡ
ȥʱķּһûףԥһ£Լת䣬˳ø⣬ǾȻ˼ҡ
˳Ҳ˸⣬˵ڷּû壬óóȻȥû˵ʲôž͵ð۾ȵˣȥʱһ˴ӣô˵Ҳ裬֣ܲΪҶ࿼ǿǣ
˳ҲǸӣּ֮ŲԼԭռ˶ϵı
Ͳ˵ˣε˵ӣվ˵䣬ҫ͵ѹֲô󣡾Ūȥ˸ίᣬӣҲѰϼֺô˵׼Ҳȥࡣ
˵˵ȥԼҸӣˣԱ˲ſž۸
˳ţӣ粻ˣֳɵԼһѵҲֻˡ
ǾɩŮ˵飬ڲҲǸС쵼
˳ʼЩˣ֪һôҪӦٳԾ飬ܰס
˳ôЩ˵᲻׽ῴ׼׼ġ
Ѿͷûӣ
һ
Ըˣ˳зӵġ
ȥּҵ飬һԼ˶ȥҲ¡ſ˺üӣ°򡣶ǣ˳֪ηּҪ·硣
ѾͷǸֻӣôܸɹź沣
ͬʱ˳Ҳջܴɡ
ָϣŮ϶һˡ
Ů˻ôҴĵַּң
ֻŮ϶ҪȵһִͨˣԼٳԲһѼҷˡ
ˣ˳뵽йϡ
˵Ѽҷˣ˳ҲʱԼҳˡ
Լҷּˣ̫Ǹưոݵģ˵Ǯ̫Ź
ʱԼٳ棬ٴҲô
˳꣺ȥ֮£ǰŸɵӡ
ЩţԣӲȺһ˵ܵܽɡ
˳ģڵָǰҫصѧУȥһҪѸбҵ֤õ֡ıô۵ˣҫиǰ̡
׼һУš
˳ͻȻʵҫأ
ԴӲȥ࣬ҫҲʧȥѧʸҲ˵ϹվڼšҲսƽڼ˭Ҳ
˳ôûҫڣ
ԼĶӾۣ鲻ãҸǮȥɢɢġ
ԴӼļҵױˣ˳ҲûٰżʣµĶʮǮǮ
ʡţһ˲ǿӹȥ
ǶӰ
ǿԼҲԸжܡ
˳죬ʲôû˵
ûע⵽˵ɫ죬Ҵҳˡ
ӣҽԺûżشӣȥһ˹Ӫꡣ
¶ֺǺǸֹӣӣѾͷˣɶ²
ӣӹӣָָгϵı¨˪͵㶫
¶ߵгϣһƿŵĲͿһһõҰˡ
Ϻǣ˺㴻
ӣͷ滹ЩһҲ˺ŶŸŪ㻱ģɽϵĻûþͽ˹ˡʣһҲ͡
¶һ㴻Ͳԣе˵ãҲæҸ㴻
ӣҲԵʵЦеаʦŪͣøͷм㴻ٷŵ͡
¶˵ĿˮҪɣ
¶һС㴻Ϻˣӣ氲Ȼ£˸λྐྵӡ
¶Ĺζζģ㡣
ӣྐྵӣûһԱչ
Էָӣͬ־ãҽҦ˳ꡣ
ӣҲ󷽷ĸ֣ãҽӣ
Ҧ˳곤һԲ۾ԲԲģȻеƫ֣ȴʮַϵµĳ̬Žиء
Ÿӣ̫࣬ſڻЩδѵĵ
ģ¶ʦ˵ǳҽ԰ɣܰæҼҩĲ
ӣ⣺ҽԺҩ𣿡
Ҧ˳̾ҽԺҲûô⼸ְҲ
ӣ֮²֪Ҧ˳ﻹи㣬ǰʱѪûȻòһ˵Ȼǿˡ
˺ЩˣҵһȽҽơ
ҽҲһӿ˼ӣųԡ
мҩĲңҽԺҲȫˡʱҲȫҶƲġ
ɿӣ¶ͶҦ˳Ÿӣһᡣ
Ҧ˳ѹ֪ǿŴɽɽﶫ࣬Ҫܰ⼸ҩȫˣ۸˵
¶Щƣڲ󲿷Ҳ֪
Ҷ˵Ͼ˭ûںأԵĺȵ಻ȫҪЩ취ɡ
Ҳٸ¶ӣһ¨ҰˣղžѾȥҳʦˣƽ°ǰǾܷһ롣
ӣûһڴӦʵأҿ
ЩҩҪǱزĻҲû취ġ
Ҧ˳꿴ɿڣϽѶֽóݸӣ
ӣɽΡҰ顢Ρ
ңɽΣ滹ҪҪʲôġ
ӣƬ̣ڻȱʲô
Ҧ˳꣺ȱɽκ顣
ӣһӦ£ҵɽҪˣ仹ҪôɽΡ
Ҧ˳Ҳֱ֪һӦ£ɽǰƷ㡣
ҽԺɽΣһǰһһģҦ˳һھǰݣҪʮϣԪһʮ
۸һӣʮԸˡ
ȥҽԺգ۸ԶԶôߡԼҲҪѸ־δܸôߵļ۸
ԣץʱҡ
ӣѾ¶˾ģһʺƣ϶Ҫõֵģ
˾רŻʱ䣬ɽߡ
ٿ鰥˪һĹˣ
Ҧ˳˼ĵַת߿ӣֽƬԼĶ
ʱ򣬳¶Ҳ㴻ֳһӣʢӣͷ
ͷмƿ۵㴻ѿϻƳγεĳ˱ǻеζ
ӣͷһһ˼ģҲһζ
ͷ¶ǣһ㴻Եĸɸɾ
¶ӣһƱЩƱȥʲôɡ
˪¶֮Ǯһ£ʱ¶ѶˣǲǮģǻƱݡ
ԼƱܻޣ˪
ӣûƴǣӹһ治вƱƱƱһƱ
ӣϲǳڵ˴죬ļֵҲûʲôѹˡΨһܵĵϴ·ʱҪǻ߼档
ʵòߣϴ·ȥӱϴÿλ·ûϴɾĴ
ôŪʵڲоԼˡ˷ƱԽԼѳ
ӣȥһ˹磬ƾƱɫķ˰ͺһǡ
Ķȫгı¨ӣﳵشӡ
˴ϣӣϰȥӪꡣ
ӪķԱٿӣѾûȥ顣
ӣں
ǵһǹྐྵӣŹƤ
ǷԱûƵģ̬ȸȡ
Ӣ㣬ʲʣ
ӣ̧ͷһⲻ𣿶ԷҲӣ㣿
ӢӿľˣȷʵеʣˮŷԱߺȵлʦɣȷʵֿʵġ


40 
ڹȥǸ, лԾԴӢʮڣҲڿˣлԾÿ춼Ӣꡣ
ԱҲϰ, лԾ͸ӢԵ, Ӵӣ껹һֻߡ
죬ֵĲ˳һң˳ƼƼÿ˶˲١
̫Ц۾, ҵӢ˸ʦ, ǳ͵ĺӡ
ӢĶ, ȻҲԹӪϤǵԼҲҵ
ⲻˣ֮͸ϰһ, λһͿʼྐྵӡ
ӢҶż, ٷŵ㡣
ʱĶϲӦࡣӢʮ, Լں˵, ԼҪҲ֡
Ȼ֪Աת֮ƲƲ, ǲ⡣
ԱȻлԾ˪˵Ҳ˪, ˵Ķһ𣬾ͳĵӢûôˡ
ӣ֮ǰÿ, ԵĺȵĶǿͿ, ˪ҲΪ, ÿζճƱǮĶ˻ݵǮ, һ㲻ӣʱʱĸһ㲻ֵǮҩģĸݺ͸ʲݣûؼȣ˵Ů˺ôࡣ
Ӣ˶̶̼Σÿζʮᡣ
ϴ˵Ҫձ⣬ֵҪÿζֺģ˶һȵӡ
Ա˵лԾĺôҲûȥлԾƨ
鶼ûᣬ浱ӪԼˣ
˼˪Ǵӣǽ˻ӣ˼ôÿζͿģ
͸һӣ˾͵ϸ˪˵仰˲ԷʵʵĵȡӢǶһҲлԾкָʹԼˣ
ԱЩĺڣ֪лԾǮôӲͲӦôӦġ
ºˣȻ£˲٣ǮҲȻ˵Ӣˣ
ԱߺߵĳźлԾлʦӢ˵Ҫ
ҪʲôӶඬٵĻᶼᡣ
˱ԣԱҲ˵ʲô
ߵ㣡Բԣ
ԭʵҲΪӪҲ۱׼ġ
׼ȻǿǮ٣ǺĶǲʵϡ
˵˿͸ƱǶ٣ǳİӾ͵Ǳʱк˲˼һİӹƣڲڶ٣ӵöһҪϱ׼ʵϡ
ڹܵϵĹӪܿһЩҲǳޡϽ˿Ǹڵġ
˪һϾĺܺãÿθӣµĶˣͻᰴһݰı׼ǮлԾ
ǺǣǸզզɡ
ҪӶĶڼԼ
ԱҲţŶ͵ص֮ŲԾ˪лԾ̬Ѿӣǳ׵׵Į
˷ָ˺Ĺ˪ҪǰҪϸ˳˼¼ıҲǴˣǲ֪յ
ҲֳԵԣÿﶼлԾ
ԱֲɵѡվֻǸζԼҪлԾҪ
ϴˣΪԼܶϲӢǸ
ԱãлԾתĿ죬˲֪ˡ
ӢˣҪҪˡ
Ӿ֪϶˵̬Ҳá
лԾԽп࣬һйĹҲǺòײӢġＸֵܶǹˣû׸ҲܵܣԼůƿĹˣùʷַӡ
лԾĽǶӢĹȻʮֵı¡һ쵹ٶ黹¡
ദлԾȴЩԲˡ
ǶӢ˻ѣ˵Լں˵㡣ӢҲʵԼˡ
ʱԴò㣬ԼɩԺȡлԾ˵˺öΣСŵ㣬һȥ˵ӢԷˣѱס
տʼ˵ǰӢҲסһʱ䣬ԼҲ֤ɩǶ˵ˣԲ˵
ûãӢ͹̬ȡ
ǲˣԼͷ
ȥлԾ˵һϹ˵սһ˵ˣһ㡣
лԾǲԸڶǰ˵ַԼĻģ˭Ӣʵ̫֣ÿ춼°˾͵˳ԡ
ӶˣתʼҪС
лԾ˪ƤӵŪÿζǮƱ
ÿ춼Է꣬лԾ̶һ¾ͻ˽ʮ飡
˭ס
лԾǽӢ㣬Ҫꡣ
Ӣ˿Ļʮŵ˵սĳָûлԾպá
лԾǲ˵ʵߵ͵þһɤӡ
ԵĶģ
͸һлԾһӢ˶ֻЦȥĥ˪
磬æɣ
˵Żɫĸ˪ëǮ
лԾ̲ס̾˭˲ˣӦ˪˪ķ¡
ɵ˵Ӣ˪ͲˡԻĶ˼ǵĲˣԼͲˡ
ӿɰлԾǽǣɶԼ±˽ӰҲǿ֣ԵĲָ˪ǸζӢЩԼû
½ӢԳԣֻÿθ˪˵ûҪǮ
ǮûƢлԾץ˪ʹŵĵ㶼ûС
˭Ҳ˪ȥӢ˵أ
ֻԼܣ˭װӡ
˪ǮŲĿʼ
ƬӵİƷóϵζϿʼϾˤ򡣵ȵˣͰѶ϶ȥһȭһƲ衣ڹ¸Բģȥʮֿɿڡ
˪ôװʢ˳ֶʢһ롣
лԾճȥǮƱ˷ԱٲûҪûҲͿ˪롣
ˣҪһ룡
û˵𣿸ղ˵ֻҪһ밡
˪һϱġ
˵ţҲǮƱԱԼһ붬ȳȥˡ
Ӣĺúõģ䲻һ࿡ʵ˶Ӻǳһתһϲ

ͬ־Уֱָ˪
ӢҲ㣬ѧУʱҲĸдֽЩһܱȵ˪ò
䲻һ;õ⡣
ٺôǸĶ֡
ĺõźԼȷʵĿ
Ӣ֣ţһԼӡ
˪ûһۣЩ꣬˲ϲ˸ͲĻҲǸӣϲ˲
ﲻӣӢмȾƵģǽϵĲ˵ŵˣӢҲԼͬĿ
ӢĵͱˣԼҵĶлԾȻһЩʵǸԼŵĺá
˪ûоֱӢ˲ʶ
վˣԷȻƣ
˵أҵĶϽҶ˹
˪ǲ
ӢЩˣι˵û𣿸Ͻ
˪ӣǰһţҹҲˣȳţһٸøͷ
Ӣ
ӣԼһֵŮͬ־Ρ
˪û𣿡
ղ˵ǹġ
˪ҡҡͷȻȷʵ˳ҲĲϲлԾĶ
źʱлԾøʵšлԾĶ岻ʱԷÿλ̽ͷ̽ԵȥžͷˡÿԶԶܿ涼ǰںŮͬ־лԾ˵ʲôлԾźεĻ˪۽硣
ˣҲźأ
Ӣ˪ûԼлԾһ·Сܹ
Ӣӣ㿴ˣӶġ
ӢʱһѪֱɫǺ죬ŸղŪˣϼԷҲתȥ˽ӢپԼδ
ʲô޲Լû
ӢƿлԾˣǰлԾں治֪롣
Χȫ̵ķԱͷʢˮ
˸ã
װϰ˼˰ɣ
ӣһǸӢӵĹǰԼһۡ
ǣʲô°
ӣתͷǰĶĩ˱㣡
أش󣬳Է
ӣ̿ʼЩ͸ζȻҲӸQһͷûͰӣŵˡ
ӣŶӣҳԲˡ
ůˣĽ˲٣ӣ徭һʱĵθҲûǰôˡµӪѾӦϣͷȻïʢѾڷ˺ܶҵķ棬ݻƵͷҲ˲١
ɫҲԭȲĻɫףǰ͸ˮۻ
ֻ۾ˮڿݻƵɳĮĻ䣬ȻȴҲ
ӣһ˵ԼԲ£˪ͽӹʣµͷȫԸɾ
ӣǰղԼԷ˪ʣĴҲԽԽࡣ
ӣЦп˪ѷˣָ˵¶Ĺӡû˵仰˪ȥæųˡ
һֱȵ°࣬һгؼȥ
ӣѽҽԺͳ¶ӴҦ˳鶼߸˪Ҧ˳˵ҰɽҲһʱ̵Ĺ׼ÿ춼ɽһˣڽһңҵǾͲȥˡ
Ϲ£ӣø˪ָ⡣
ϾǶԴӵ˽ޣϹҲϴһٵĽ飬ϻǸ˪ȴ˱ȽϺá
˪һ¹ϹĵΣ֮ǰǴʯʵû£ʱˣ˵ԼվԲŸȥû˵ʲôë
Ϲ˵ԼȱѹˣһЩæ˼廹ء
ӣţ˵ܴʵǼ𣿡
ӣǲԭĸֻǮģǮѵûйԭ׵ֻƬ
ⲻ
˪룺һʲ֪ˣ
Ϲˣһûʲôŵģ֪ʲôһ˵һֱû˵ǲ֪Ҳʲôǲ¡
Իҵϸϸʡ
ӣЩһ٣˵ʵ𣿡
˪ЩֵĿôô룬ڰͲʲô˵ʲô
⻰Ҳ֣˪һٴϹӰˡ
ȥ굽ڿ꣬Ϲ˪ߡ
ӣаɣȥʣ
˪ǽȥ
ҹ˽ʣϹָʲô˵ʲô


41 
ӵĹ԰һɽ, Ϊôһ԰иǷϱ
ϵ˻, ÷»ֺ, ɽҲЩҰʲôëҰģܺŪųԵ㡣αطҪ԰
ʵ֤ˣиԶ
԰֮и෽̽, վڹ԰ƻɽ髡
һֶܷҺ, ֹͺ, ֮òĹ̫᲻⡣
԰󣬸ĵԱǶͷ
ÿľʮժ˹ӣǸҶһ㣬ȻϵչӵĵλաΪͨǺܱ, µǮҲࡣ
ЩǮиûȫƽ, һΪӵʽʣµһ֡
˪˵ȥֵʱһʮ顣
Ȼ, ǱæҲֲһǮ, ԱߴӵĴѾǺѵá
ʴ, ҶԹ԰ģƽǶӵļͥҲС԰ȥ, »˴ӵԼҵĽ
ӣ֮ûô԰Ը˪ȥ԰תƵʱ̾ѡ
ط治, ǹֵ̫ˡ
ģ̫С, ÿ깩ҲǸس, ԶľͲˡ
˪Ͳ, Զĵطӻû͵ͻˡ
ƻ˵ɽɹɣʵҲŲ̫á
ӣһƣǾͲɹͷ𣿡
ɽ髹ͷҲǸϡɣҵߴӹǵӣ۸ҪϡɹͷԶϼۡ
˪ôأȲ˵᲻׼Ū͹ҪҶͬġ
˪ӣ԰СڱϵһŹߵķ
ҲϹĻ̫æҲ˯˹԰˪ʹӣڶţȵҹٰϹﵽϸʡ
ʱѾϳԹ׼˯žȥʡ
ϹһֵԱһ߳Էһ죬ϹͲµظɻֵʳԡһ֮Ϲʳ˸߰˰ˣ׽ϹļȲ棬Ҳʲôײ˸ۣɽժҰˡ
˰Σڹ졣ҲһӣҰҲԲָԼһӵˮ
Ժ꣬ϹһС֦
Ź԰壬֮ǰ˵ǸСѸ͵ӵ²ûꣿٸҽɡ
Ϲ󣺡ǻЩˣ˭ҵСѸľͷɧĺܣ춼ŤŸƨڴϹ䡭
Ϲͣûţ˾Ϲ죬ԼһЩĸĵģ˵бֵۣԱһһ㶵ġ
ӣſڴ棬˪Դѹȥ
˪üͷԼϴϹˣܻ𳵵ɫ̫Ƿ
ӣҲϹ˽Щɫµ뵽ɫеӡ
ͺǷ
ӣû뵽ǣϹĻϹܣ˵˵žͲ
Ҹ˵㹷ûȢ㹷ҵ۾ģŮһһ׼ġ
͸Ǹ·ĳϷһͲʲôˡðɣˣǰǶǺͬͷģҲǰϷͷʵ϶Ǹɵǵ¡
ӣѾǻðɡ
ƫƫͷ
ԱЦŴȤǹȢǸ£ǳɷֲãλСɷȻƶũϣռء
ϹϽҡͷСӣŸ㹷¡ˣҶҪġҼҸӶģզҪĽ
Աϴ˸ת˻⣬ȤϹϹȢҲġͷ˭û¸ȢһɷֲõŮ˰ҶԷǳɷֲã·ŵĻӡû˸մġ
˵ˣղŵĻȴһŻϹ
ûһ͸Ի˯Ϲڴշת࣬ӶǸղС˵Ǿ仰
ȢӣϹָɵġ
뵽ǸгҵŮ˸ӵʱȻʹһЩҲݣλǺÿġ
ϹڴϽƵķ˸֪Լǲġ
ƫƫȴܿơ
ϴӣ֣˪ɴôã֮ǽɽɨѩ۵ĲУôۣҲһĳԡŵͰѴȫˡ
ӣͷǲҶˣż˪Լϰĵطʹ
Ϲڴʵ˯ţʹľ˴Լ˯ţȻȥɽƬתת
Լ룬ԼΪʲôҪȥɽһ顭
ӣ˪˯ٸŪѣҵҲȲϹ˯˻ˣ
ӣüͷϹ͵͵˹԰
Ķȥģ
˪ӣһΣӦǺɽ
ӣ˼֣ǰϹңžɽȥ
ǼǳԲǴɣ
˪ӣķŭϣߵһεĵط˪ȥһֵ˸Ūˡ
ӣȳȥ
˪֮ǰ߹ôʰϹḶ́ӣȻҲ׼ŹϹǹܲסԼĻ
ȵϹҪˡ
ɫ£˪ӣһƵĿ
ϻǴӵˮ
ͬج֣˪һҪµӡ
ϹϽͿʼģɶҲûɰҲû˵ɶ˵ģ
ֱ˪Ҫ͸ϽǸˡ
´˽ǣӣߵǰǸȭȻŷʵ˵ղûɶ
˶ɽˣûɶ
Ϲ벻ӣȻԼͼ֮ŵɫ԰ס
ҡûûɳɰ
ϹſˣҲð˿ɵҺ壺ûУûɳɰҾһ£һ¾ͱˡ
ϹˣôҲ벻ף˵ɧЩõ顣
ûɰ
ôÿδһһ׼أ
ѵ˵ţⱲӶܸһ㻵ĵ£
ӣָȭϹԴ޶Ҵ
ӣȳһ£ϺɽҵȻٸ㣬һ£Һúõ룬ٻش𡣡
Ϲæľ͸ĵͷʡ
ǰ;˪ۣڲŷӣôҲ۰ͿԼɡ
ӣǰȥǴΣסͬһûʲô£ȥ֮ǰûʲô
ϹӣȻģ洹ԴһҾͼǵʱˣ˵һ̫ˣ˯ˡ
ӣûбֳʲôģ룬ʱеĶͻܼҸһ顣
ϹЦ治ǵˣʱ¶ˣϽ˯м֣˵ʲô
ӣЩĬԭ׵֡
˪ӣɫãͽӹ˻ͷʣм˵˳˲˳ߵʱûʲô
Ϲп಻λڣĲǵˣֻǵ˳ڵʱм䲡ˣ˵ǰ滻˼ң©˶ҵġҽһҾʲôǵˡ
ӣʧôľǰһŪصԭ㡣
˪ḧļ򣺡ô֪м˽ȥģҾˡ
ϹȻ£ô˵ҲǸһȷķ򣬿ջҪǸļϡ
ӣ񣺡û£һͷȥĥһĥ򣬿ܲͨһ¸һַɡ
ϹڱϼĲУڣү̣𣿡
ҲĻ˼ˣҲˡ
ûȷĸжֻͱӣʰˡǰôӣǸ۸ĹŮأ
ǸĺֺڵĶ˰
ԴˣϹ˲ͬСһҲԼ飬ֻӣڷŹԼ
ӣ˪һۣϹˣͼҲ壬ӻᡣ֮ǰǴγ˽ѵַ˴
ʵǿɺޡ
ǹΪЩҲҵϣټϱϾûɽء
ϹѾʶԼջǿӣ̬ȣһӣ
ӣҲֱһȭͷˡ
˪ô죿
ӣ룬˪˹ָͷ
Ҽǵϴ˴Ӱ칫ң㵽ҽþƾ
˪
ǵڶ죬һĻٴ֡
δɫϵϹһ
а㣡ϴ͵ҽþƾϹʵ˵ǲǾͶ۴ӵҽþƾأҪôÿζ׼ƾԼ
ˣҲˣǴӵķ͹ˡ


42 
ϹҲί
ϴΰӦõ, Ͼ˪ӣһٸһƾ֡
ԩ
Ŷûӣզ, ˻һƾ
߯ݣ
Ϲί, Һʱ¸һ㣬ϴһ涳˴ҹĸһ
֧δզģ㻹
һίģζƾ, Ҳ֪ǶȾơ
ϹϽЦûû, ʶԼĴ, ôС
Ķ˵ְ
δ˵ĸ
ϴڸǰɣ
Уϴǽɽɨѩ࣬θɴɨѩӽɽ
һ, ҲǸʼա
Ϲ, ˣ˭˪ӡ
, ´ҲҶ˼ˡ
Ҳ̫, ԼǶ˼϶Է
´Ҫʲô²Ҫڵ
˵Լ, ԸԳ˼ҡ
Сּ֮, ԼҵŪ˸¶
ͳԼһĭ
ǼᶨİŽ, Ѱ˼ŸӶúòС, ĶܲԼء
Լ, һе඼ر, Ȱһ
Χתƣÿ춼ѺźġֵԼʱܺŪͺŪˣ˿ûǰĹʡ
ֵãһԶһǸ꣬Сꡣ
ļǵãϱԶʮֳϢԾҵǰѼʲƴѧҵʮֵĹҫ档
СʱͳĿɰϱСС͵ͯǣǿ˵ӰѧԺ
˼ĵӰѧԺǲԻУڼ˼ĵӾ硣֮ǰ˵μǵľѾȥˣ˵ȥݡ
ֻҪ뵽Щðݡ
ϴĲãԵҲңỹǾԼʮͷ
ӽȿûڵĸôڽʹأ
ȤǻԼǮҪôҪڱϼ׷ٸԼִĴģ˼˵ĹŶܷƣԼ϶Ҫһ㣬ȵӺù
׽Щ룬ֱðݡ
ֱ֪ߵ󼦵ѾˣŰգǷ󼦵Ӹͷġ
Ūģˣͷˡ
Ÿľ׼Ѱ󼦵̳أͻȻǡһ
᲻̧ͷ֪˭
̫ӲǱ۲۵ģվԼҵſڵᡣ
ν̼֮ʼӡ
ǰ̫ǷڿǺ޳Ѫ
ˣսŲߥСӷּң
̫޵޲͸ơ
Ķ֪̫ܲʲôأŲں
ϱ֪ӣô̫Ŵģӣϱӡϡĺܡ
ܼǵþӣ֮ûʲôл޷ǾǴϵ˵ӣǸùҲĺãԾӽ̵ĸɫ
Ҳ֪ԼҷּûּңӦûзּҵġԾ紴ҵ˵Ǵżֵһ𡣴ӿʼɽİⷢչʲôǮʲô
ԾԼ˴׸ֵ˵ûжǮҲ쵱һ˼ҡ
Դ֮Աǣӣúˡ
ԾģԼƾ͵ˣʲôֵܣ
ԼֵˣͷԲ˵ָӵ˵
ˣҪԾֵܣһҲ뷢ơ
Ҫּңһ̫ܲţҲǲԼһ׸
ЦļʶԾⱲҪԪֻ죬ȺѪȳֺô
᲻ߥԾܵسװ˵绰Ծ绰
ԼԶ˵ĸﻰⶼָ̫Ǯӡ
ʵҲˣ̫ԾأԾĶŮҲ߿֡
Լұ̬ǣ̫ԼԾԼԾӣ̫ϰͼӣǲļӣǼϱŮᡣ
ᱻƵ˷ãԾǮǼֵܣõֵĲ͸ˣ
ʵϺҲȷʵˣԾĽһΪÿ̫ʮ飬ʮ顣
Ǹշּҵĵһ£²̨׼ӳ
̫ΪôأСûãҪԿʲˡ
̫Ȼ˻ˣǿỹ׼ġ
˾ûܹң֪ƨ
һôι
µͷΪ˳԰ȥ׬Ǯ
Ծÿ¸ʮ飬ҪȥҪ˶þͲ
̫ǲģƢǷ˼ңҲù
ƫƫеʣҪּң˵֣ȥӣٵԼҵǰ˼ңӲ˵̫Ҫǻ͸Ծ绰
̫ΣҲ˶Ǳס
̫һ̵ݺݵ˵ļıӦ
ˣѹû
־ͶˣͼľʲôƤҪҲҪּҡںôԼҲںЩĶԱô˵졣
ҪԼĺӡ
̫ĻķӦ緹ʢ˵ĸˣ̱ϱҲбӦʹ󣬾ǱӦҲҿıӦ
һ仰̫òᣬԹԽݸ˯С緹
̫һھˣڶԴҲ֪ô졣
ŮˣȫǲҪƤ
̫ŲԼĶӲТ˳ֱһڴᡣ
ûߥޣԾŲԴԼء
̫֣СϱƲƲ죬ԼĴɩ˵ҲǸЦҪǲԸ⣬ɶѹ粻ּء
ɩɫҲ⡣
ûԾĽӶʱùȻ̫̫ﻹʮ飬ȻǱǰٶˣǲԸ⻨
ϱ̫Ҹֿ˵ҪŴϣָϡ
ҪʱѹӲ鲻ԸģԺôմôأ
ϱͷɻҲԸԼҿˡ
ͷ̫̫ɻϣ˼бµӡ
Ǹ಻Ļ˼֮Ƥӳ죬һԸֵմôӡ
ޣ
˭⿴
ϱҲſ治ɶûôףǰûּңҲ˸ֿźӡ
ڡ
Ǻǣ˭Ը
ݣҡι̫ͲԸ𴲣ѷιߡ
ãСңˡ
Զһ⣬һĨ죺裡
ˡ
а̫ǺˣϹ̺ӡ
һ㶼ûвˣǸԶһǣ˯
ᶢ˯СÿֿԽԽϲ
Ѽļˣ۵ᱳۣõʱȥϹ
ϹаԾʮ鲢ǰʱֵַּףҲԾó
ʵȥϹ
ڴͷĥţԼôҲģʱܵǮôأ
ٴλصǮϣʾ֭롣
벻ʲô⡣
ͷǮǾͶĿ졣
֮ǰͶѰ칫ץˣ£Լֵɡ˺ϻַŲ
ԼһѾͲ˵ˣԼҲûʲôѡһʱ֮޴֡
ʱͻȻ⴫
᣿ᣡ
һţͿ˿ŴСꡣ
᲻Ĩ˺¶һֺõЦݡ
ᰡ֪ڷּˣӲùԸ͵㶫


43 
õĶһ, ʵûġѾˣǰζûˡ
һ򿪾һͷ, ߵһء
, ѾͷǸɶأòҵġ
ҧ촽һΪҵģʹһҰҰһǲ׹Ů
᱾ͲǸܸɻˣʱȻҪӵ̬˵, ŷּҹ, м䲻ûܹίЩίܾ, Ūĸꡣ
СỹΪ͵ġ
ȻûԼ˵Ҫ޸Ծ˳ôָűղһ˼ҲԼȱ, ʱ
Ķ, Ÿ˸򿪰ȻһЩֵǮҰˡ
һ߰ɣ, Ӻù, ҲҪʡ
˵Ķ, Ťͷ𾪡
ŲԼ˸ʲô, ֮ǰ֣һΪ˼޸Ծ, һʱͷԼŶЦ, Ȼ˵ֻ
ַŭ, ԴŮȻȲ϶Զӵİ˳, ЩҲö˶˰Ůˡ
İģͻ
꣺úúãˣˣ
ЩʱȥܣȥʱӶðĻӣɣ飬Ŵʮ顣תŰ࣬ԼҾ˭Ҳ˶ߵ˼ˡ
ĨᱧԹͲ˵ˣ֮Ҿ㣬һֱġǼһĳ£ڲ֡
Ҫƫƫϻ˳Ů
˳˵ˣԼھû˳Żһı۸˵Ҳֻ̣ʾ
Ȼôһ˵üͷ
ȷʵףʲô£ϱ޸˪ӹȻôһֱǳԴġ
ǱҲ룬ܵҫڽҵ֮ͽ˳ȥˣټũŵˡ
ôһ룬Ͷ˵ġӲùġ
ʲôӲùǲԸǮ
ٻϱӣҪ˪֮ҪȥϷ·ʼҪǮǰǮĿеŭֹס
ƭ˭أȥ껹׼ҫڳ·ûǮҾͱ
֮ǰ˳̵Ļû˵꣬ͱϳţǵҰҲſ𶪳
һ϶ٸġһҰģȻҲû˺ɫ
˭ϡأ
һ˼ǮǮǮʲôҰ裬żֵܣɣ
ĺӣһҲմ⣡
걻˳ӾͲʹŭͷ͸ᳳһܡ
ҽʱ㲻˵Ҳ׼ٻȥ˵ûŮڰͰ͵Ǹʲô֮ǰ˵жӲǸǱҫȥӰҸŶ֪˦ˣعң϶ǲģ
ĲУǼţѹͲŮţ
Ϊ˸˪Ļ£Լڴϻ͸֣˪ĹһҡԼҲŶΪȥ͵䵽³
֮ܶᣡ
ˣѾͷ֪ҾӦͰ㶪ͰԼҪŵʲôҸ㣬ñӦ
һĶԲںǵҲȥһ¡ֻԶ˵ŻһҪը
ҿɨѾͿʼˡ
ҲǸŰ˭ϡ裬ˣ
ĸŮ˲ԱΧۣ̲סզࡣ
ҵ죬Լϱ汩Ƣ⻹أ
ɲǣҲң˺Ÿ˷ּңָҶסŹԼˡ
˻˵զİԼӣҪ˹ܣҪ˰İĻԼƤġ
˭֪챧׵ĲСûôȱ۵ġ

ǹĴӵ˶ҡͷզ࣬Ȼ޹Ű꣬ǹ˲ٻҶϱҪʲô˵ͼԼҰɣսž˷ּҡ˵ͼԾɣԾֲߡͼӺùɣԼĺ籦ģҲ֪ǲǽʲôֵĶ
갤˼ɨ㣬ˣصź«ư˹һº«ưʱĲС
˳Թ㻹˵ȥأѾͷǲ۳Ϲϵˣշ˼ңӲء
ôԼĻ˵ˣͷһζ˳֧вɡ
˵ķӸûãѾͷǸεģӶƿĶܼǵĹ͡
˳ҲⱲӺⱾ£Ψ˱
Ѿͷ޴ƭڿ˲Ǵ
ǹҲ֪˭ȥͲ
ԥĺܣ֣˵ǻҪҪŮ
֮ǰ˳˵ģûԾڲӵ˵£ҪЮᡣ
¿һĽȥ
궼ϣŮԸҪԼ˵ǰ̣ʮа˾Żֱ֡
֮ǰ޸ԾǾٱܵġ
ԼҸʲôǸ治˵ܸɳʲô¡
˳̶òԼ޲ˡ
Ϊܿģż˷˼ңŮԶߡ⿿Լһ˴żҵĴӹ֪֪׵ģﻹŮǮⲻǵű͵ƭ
ʱҹϵͣҲڱ˶ϡ
ƫƫ˴һزȫġ
ȻͶӡ
˳̶ҵ˰ɡ
ҲУȥôţ
˳һɣ
ǴˣǰʱѴϻһķˣҲͿʼϹ
ȻǻᱻС鳤һЩػѾöˡ
ȻˣĻҲͣˣǺֻҪУ͵ȥ
˳ڴշת˺һʵ˯š
ͻȻʵҫأôûҫڣ
꣺ҫ˵ȥˣͬѧ
˳Ĭһ£ҫڸһȥµְɣڼﲻǰˣ⿿ҲС
˳ģǰҲǿſ˿ӣĸǮŹҫڡ
ҫϲѧûǮµصĻǵȵﶬҪˡ
۶ӣҲ֪˳˵Ķԡ
µأûй֣ûй֣ԵĺȵĴĶ
Ѳɻȥ͵
ϴһ£ǳײˡ
ţҫ˵
ӣϹǶõϢȴûֱȥҽԺʡ
ϴ˵ϢҲ֪ʾͲˣֻ˽顣
ֵӣھɽ
ɽҰû˷֣Ҳ岻ʱȥһԡ㣬ӣڳԵҲˡ
ܳԵĶ̫ˡ
ɽĸҰ˶ޱȣӣˡ
˶˽а׻ˣҲнеز˵ģժϴɾڰ⽡ʱ׷ϴлͣζ
ӣеźûϺƤϲˡ
ϱѧһھ⽡
ǰʱ֣һССĲͳһڴɫ½׷ϴлϲϺƤեˣõȥڹµĭϡ
Ǹζӣܳ롣
֮⣬оϺ⽣һֻһֻϺʡϺʵqڵŨζʤա
ӣ˪˵ʽ⽣ɹ˪˵˼
ϺʱҪ룬سǶҡϺƤǿŬ¡
˪ɽŪһ¨ȥʦûʹһĸϺƤһСĽ𹳺ס
ӣϺƤĲˣҲǴԽ˲֪ҪԸжѡ
㺣Ϻҵ죬ֳչҲ𲽣ɻֻУСسǣܳϵļͥҲ١
ӣԸԵ˸ϱӲ⽣˪ý𹳺׸һ˿
˿ڼ죬ټϽ𹳺׷ͣһӻƾһǰټһ㶹硣
ӣһھͳԳ˿
˪ͷ׼ȷ˵Ѿ˿ˣûлȵζҲȫ
ӣǳԵĸ㣺óԣ˿ĳ̶ȸպã𹳺׵ζҲϺʡ
˪ȸʦѧ˿ˣҲȥʡǸʦں£ԻҲЩĵá˿Ȼϲȫζ
˪˵ȹЩʱʦܸܲȡ
ӣѾŲϵʵüοˮˣ˪ڶǾӣҪ
ӣҡҡͷȱ˰ɣǵö󰡣
ӣڰżĴСͷǻǮĵطһҲ١
ܵ˵ڵĴиٶ࣬˪ÿ»иʮĹʣӣԼиǮӸĲÿҩиʮǮҡҲһӵʮ߿顣
˪سߵɽȶӣ£ǮƱһиʮǮһЩƱݡ
ӣȥһӵһ¾ʮ
Ǯǲ٣ǼﻨǮĵطҲడ
ӣһ̨һһһҪ̫ģһǼļ·̫ģûַࡣоӣ̫ϲЩ廨Ļơ
˪ææȥģ̫Ȼаãӣĵ㡣
˵ӣǷˣһ죬ѩɽôãû㰮ĳŲס
ˣʱҲǺܱյ飬ǿһ̨
Ҫˡ
һһ̨۸һ⻹ûƱǮһƱҪг١¶Ҳ˵ˣֻسǰʣҪԵ֡
ô˵ǮҪġ
ӣҪܰҰɽεǮõͺˡ
ٿ鰡һӾܰⶼˡ
ӣʱʱɽȥΪľǾҵҰɽΡϧԸΥ˺üطûҼ
ۿٿҪӣǲżġ
˪οҾ͸ʦ˵ˡ
Ұ㶼һʮ¶һ飬۸˵൱ˡ
ӣҡͷĶʲôָԺûóˡ
Ų̸ɾڣСԺԴԴϵԣھͺĸɾˣԺô죿
ӣȥҰɡ
˵ӣʵ׼Ķ׼𣿻ҪҪټӵ㣿
Ҳӣǵһˣ꣬ӣ͸˪һ׼Ķ
Ȼ̫ӣΪˣӣǲںġ
Ǯ֮ǰ˪µģǮҲǹԼСҡǣ֮˪׻ǷġӦֵġ
˪׼ˣһμĶȲ̫࣬ȵԺӰɡ
˪׼һӵĳ棬ðۺ֥黨鳴ģˣˮһܺȡоɹɵ⣬׼ʮҲ׼ʮ
ӣŸĵǣǱ˪£ǼĹȥöɽ
ӣһף˪ǵ˶ţǹȥⱻǮԺٲǷǡǼɽʳ׽˿⡣
ӣУȥѶĳȥȥһ˹
ĳҽǴӳȥģûоˣȥǲμѵ
ȵѵһ£ٲμӿԣܴͨõһǮĲҲʱķЩҩƷ
ӣǸ£׼ȥ
˪Һг㡣
һڻǿ滻ӣʱõı˪һЩ˪Ѱ˼滻Ҫһ
һӣŸæ˵ҽҪȥǮջġ
ӣȸǮջˣ˵⣬ÿԼȥһë˾Ρ
ǮջȫĶȦϣȻʮģ˾ѡ
ӣȥǮջͳҴͲôŶȥˣԴӳɽϷ֮Ҷ˿ڸ
ʱʱŪҰҰҰ˸ɽҡ
ⲻǮջҵĴѾѾΪų죬Ѿιˡ
ѾԲԲžƯ
ӣǮջֵһȪˮ
ĺܺãҿʼϱˡ
ǮջͦͦţԴ֮ʮֵģÿæӣ˵ʳôҪ֤Ȧɾһһ
ûͳĸ죬һ
ѾҲȦϰæСѾͷԺһþͳĿ죬ûȶ˲١
ӣѾȫûǰĳĬҲЦݣԼһμʱѾһˡ
Ѿӣ㣬˵һߣɽϵҰݮ
ɽñЩĺǻʲôҰֻҪȷܳԣͶؼ
Ѿ̲סһڿˮҰݮܺóԵġ
ӣЦͷǷ˾Уøˡ
⼸ȱľǷ֣ǮջǮǲҺһ֪Լܲء
һסֵµظɻˣʱ͵ָǮӡ
ҾͲ˵ˣǳҲȱǣӣޱϧ
ӣⲻҪˡ
һߣ˴ϵļ͵ӡ
Ϊӣҽãټ̫ϵҲãԴ͵Ķ۸ж
˺ӣһȥ
֪ˣ˵˺üأ㲻ȥ


44 
ӣҲû, ͸̫̫ȥ֡˵ôãӵ˶˸, ֪ûô
̫̫ǶԴ˺зȨ
, ЩʱԸ磬ĸʱ˵ҪǴӹӵġ
ӣǺأ
ɶһȺСᣬضûֹ, ܸɶ˵ͷͷǵ, һɡûҪسǡ
سǿ϶ǲɵ, Щ֪Ҳˡ
֪಻ôˣƽʱǶô֪㡣
ǰ漸֪׷ʵ֮󣬺ԸǷ֪Ƕ¡࣬Ҳʲôˡ
Ҳּ֪ܷ
ּܷ, ¡
Ǵֲʲôõط, ֮ǰҲʮмԱ˻֪, ֪㻹סžŸ
Ŀɽ˵, ֪ҲЩ̸, Ƕ˼Ű׳Է졣
һڶ֪ǵ֪ĻǸɲʲôũġ
֪һöû, Ů֪ࡣ
̫̫Ǹ֪, ɻлҪʳ, ûãŮ֪, Ըڴ, ԼҵҸ֪ϱ
Ҫ˻Ļ
ͷ˵ʦǳϾţһǿڹĶĻоء
ӣȺ̫̫пһ·˴ȳ
ȳΧһȺŮֻҪûµصģȫˡ
˵Ҫֵ˿ɶˣƲֹء
ôɶ粻ֲܿģ׳Ըɷ
֪ɣ֪ôʱģǰ֪ȻġɶɾͰ׷һʳ

ɤŴ˵ҲûעϵˣѱϵŽ˵֪ӳһ
ǰġ
û˵ﵹҲĺܡ
ЩԱɶ˼ǸͳʳʱҲǶİ
˵ˣطɽһǷɽ·ģǷʳǵǶ
ԼǱҲԼԸģƾɶҪһȺûĻ
ӣ֮ͷ̫ҲڣͰ̫վš
̫һȺ̫̫еĽ㣬Լѧ廨˸ӣĴװϣڲô̵ģ̫ӣĿСоڳڼһơ
Ȼ򵥣ɿȥÿ
ӣдСϱʣ̫֮󣬲˶ֽ̡̫
̫ϻ˵ĹȻûǶϱ˼Ҳ
Ŷð;ӱǰùˡ
˵Լһֱϲİá
˪Т˳ǸСӣ֪ĵҪ׷ϵߡ
ӣͲһˣӣϲ̫ͻ̫;ͦáҪӣҲҲãɶȱԼС۶ôȢء
̫Ž⿴Ҳ֪ɶʱ֪Ҿʹˡ
˻롣
ӣҲһ˵ˣһֱǹͷվҲͦõģ
ϱڣΧ˶ȵ
̫̫ǸǾӣĶϱãԼôֽſһ㡣
СϱǾӣ޵ĺã˼ҵţ·廨˵ӣڼҳ˸˿ͲʲôٿԼң˱ˡ
ʱ͸¿ˡи¿ߣһŮ
¿Ͼͷһ˶¿ҲǴӲƲƽʱָ¿ĥģɲܽۻˡ
¿ߵĲλƵģҲܸϡ
ϣο˲ٰ
ŵ߸զôడ
ǣɶˣϡﻩ͡
Ҷ⣬˶˾ͳԵ֪࣬ǸɻɣǿŴȡ
иҲ⣬ڱϡ
֪ǡ
Ⱑ
ⶼʲôõطɽ·һʮġ
˵⻰Ǹഺ꣬ǲޡ
ҪԹˣģġ
˵⻰Ǹ꣬ҲһȺ֪ﴩõһ
أҪؼҡ
Сһһһ̣ùġ
һҪŽģ˵ĶԣǲܱԹ
󷢻һȥİ׾
и췳ˣ֪һ·ϣһ·ıԹ֡ڵ˵ط˻ͣ
¿ϵȳ֪࿴һѸŮΧſҲ˼ԭֵҲġ
иû˵ж
⿴Ųզأָж
ഺޣиˡ
ǿ֪࣡ǵġ˵ظӭһ£Ҳֶɡ
ǸûԹżŮ֪һж
ߺ¿ˣһ·̫ѣżȥ¿ιϲ
֪һſܹ߸ˣŮСǸ˵ϸϸŮֱֻһ
иžͷۣ۵
ǾסǱߵ֪㣬߼䷿Լŷ֡죬֪ϴˣ˴ȥȽ̡̽Ϲ
иһ߸ĿǴպ붬ǰԤ֧ӹǰۡһ˺ʮԼô졣
Ӧһȥļ
ഺнڣһͲˣΪɶҪ۹֣ǽũģӲùǵĿ
òǰͷ¿ֲʳӾԴ֪ʶӵģ
֪ӳ죺Ǵ֪һ廧ڣҪֳԹֵġ
ڷ߷ߵҲǴӺ㣡Ǹģƾɶ㣿ҿǴӱģҪʴӳ
˵ŭȥиʻˣģҲš껹еֿأ󻹲Ǵ꿪֮Ĺˣ
ΧԱΧſӳܴӦ۹֡
첻ܽڣתˣǵĿǴһȫó׼죿֪ǿһϻġ
֪㿴ҿ㣬ûһͷ˵
Ǹİ׾£ϸϸ˵Ҿû졣
аᣬĻ֪ǵӦ
Ҳɡ
ʵθСĺܣﶼһԵꡣ
ǾͶɡ
ͷи˸ʮ
ڻԼ°Ⱥڵġ˼ǣʳҪãֲܿۡ
и
иˣ˵ˣ˴ȥðɣճϹ
˵ͱˡ
еûȥС˵ԼҴӣǱĴҲԱʳģ㲻ɻͰãиҪˣĴӳҲͷˡ
ΧԱֵÿϷһš
СǸԴզ벻Сᡣ
ֱĸߵĸӳŸɣҲ֪ηǿȨ˵в
С۵쵼СЬ㴩Ϻüꣿ
ηĸŮ޵ǿŻãðġ
˰ỹŮ֪࣬ȻĶûаãһİƤӣž͸˲һ
ǸĿžҲаϻֱء
˵Ⱥ̡
쿴ӳһµҲµ֡
η֪ȷʵ̫ˣߴ͸߸ˣĸŮ֪ࡣһӾ͵øٽи۵ġ
Ҫ֪ߵʱͻȻһ
ᣡզˣ
ֻǸŮ֪һ͵ڵϡ
ղŻֱĸ˵ĽһǰдŽ
᣿᣿Ұ
һŤͷͳ캰㻹ŸʲôϽȥҴӳúõ¿Ūʲôˣ
鼱֮ۿˣֶͶΧ۵Աǿ磺ЩˣǧӱǵİǾǣȻɽˮ񣡡
죺
ġ
ӣˣԸȱʧɣ޲𹥻Ա°ҾϷܱͼһѡ
ɫϴʵڣ˵ע㣬ʲôɽˮĴúɽͬ־εֲԱͬ־ɵģ㣬ûиԱվһѧ֪ʶָ˵𣿡
ҲϽϣǾǡ
ǸӲʹģ͵ӳ˵ԱһΪ֪ӳ϶ܸվһߡ
ĸͳһսߣѽ׳ȥ
ҿ˹Ǹɵӣ֪ûϵġ
ڲ㱻Ѫǣ
ԱҲˣȻסɽɽˮģ˭ػǴѾܱ߹ĺܺõĴˣиܵϣôҲ̸ϵְɣ
ǲвզ蹷Ƶġ
˭һͨҧУ¾߰
Ů˭𣿡
ǲǶأ˾ͲС
ҲǸͨͨǴ󣬲֪ĻΪʲô
磿

ڱͱ̺ҭһ£ֱԱǵĻġǵģȻǴ׶ģҲһֵͥܽö࣬ȻԶ硣
ͬѧ˴ڻһطڱͶ԰Щ˵˼ΪԼһʹߣڰˣΧȻûһ֣
ں޺޵룬˵ˣǵһҪûаġ
὿һ˶û˴֡
첻鲻Ը棺ӣܸ˿𣿡
ΧȺĳŴӣҲడܰ᲻УϾ֪һ쵽ʣ¼֪Ҳͻ
ǿڹˣ־ߡ಻ģ֪϶Ǹͷ
Ǹ۴ҵĴͷ
ӣǸɵҲͲƴǣҪεİ鿴
ƫƫڻ˭ҽ㿴ĺ𣿡
ӣ
ҽɣеģЩŰٶȽҽרҵԵһԡ
ҲУԼɡ
ӣű˵ĳëߣźˡ
ڻڱƱƣҾһôˣҽľ̬˵ˣһҽʲô
⻰˵ľͺܹˡ
ӣû̫Ͳˡ
̫ƤЦⲻЦĿһ۵ϵİͽڣôԼұ˰æ㻹ĵġлӻӷˣͣţԼ󿴲һҽ㶼Բ仰
̫һסӣߣУ˭ϡ㿴ˡ˵ҩǮģ˼ġ簡׶úôŰ
ӣЦеı̫ǣˣҲ󣬿ӸѪǲ롣ӣղſУԷڵͷʱ²εġ
ӦþǵѪˡ
̫ӣֿģЩӲõģԸͲ˭ˡǻȥԷ㴻ӼɣϳĢ
ӣһͲˣ̫ĺһ㴻ӡ֮ǰ㴻еʱ̫Ͱ㴻ժϴɾȻǼһ鳴һ͡
ȵҪԵʱ򣬾ͷм㴻ĺãһԵ졣
ӣ̫ˣԱҲɢ
ˣúõĽҽܱ˵ߡҲ̫˰ɡ
ҲֲܣƫƫԼǶӳܲС
ˣѰ̧ϣȻȥ֪˵
ĻȻص֪㣬˻еء
ʮۣȻȥɣϢ֮컹ҪϹ


45 
֪, ӣѾںˡֻеС
⼸Ķɽε飬ٿǮǰƮƮӣǮʵץ
̫㴻Ӽζó, ÿ㴻ͳһ, һֱԵζģ㴻ζҲŨңڵĶͷζ˱ǡ
̫һĢҲռŵĺôˣŴ, ŤŤɽҵЩ
ӣûĢǱȽͨ, ֱ˺¹峴, ͳһ֡
̫߶ҪܴҰӾͺˣҰĢζǺܲġȼСĸζá
ӣԾԾԣ㣬Ҳ񽻴¡
ڿ˴ӣҲþˡһûжʱ򷽱, Ҫ˪취Ū, ϵҲҪƱģ͵øϸŶ, ΢һͲɡ
оڿ, Ҷ, ˭⣬ζƮһӡ
ӣҲ˾Լÿ, ڼĻʳҲǸҲ࣬ǲ
̫ӣһԹ緹, ̫ȥ, ӣǻؼҽŪҩġ
˵ҲҪµص, ˪̫ȥ, ӣԼҲȥ
µۻĹֻÿ˿ŪҩĵǮءҾȥҲͣˡ
ӣǴӵĳҽˣǱⲻҡ
ǰʱæ˴һӵһιǿƸ߷ڣһȺСǿԡ
ӣͺ⣬ʱ׸ðټɽҲ˲Ұһ˭Сˣ˭ҵһ硣
ӣЩС֢ˣȻҲӵ˶ϿɡҲǸͣȥʱż갡ôСѧɼ˱˾Ͳ±ģܰӹ
صңӣµҩһһžͿʼҩġ
ǰԼʺ֮ͿʼֵƤˡʱ˪ĸͺѩһ죬ڲ඼Ҫˡ
˪ǻ˵Ǹ࣬˵ķԱǸ󣬵
ӣûǸҪͻƽƤˮͣٶľͲôˡ˵ˣ׼ԼĤϡ
ϱӣϴѧʱʱͬѧһŪЩҩĤҲ
ӣҩĵʱˡ
·ŷ磬ݹ
ӣҾ˵ڼأ˵¡
ھǮջиʵڳŲסˣչͰѸŮεĲ¶𻨹š
ϱ⣬ҲиȥˡŮ⹤ҪҸ಻ɣǸԼܡ
иҲǹӣӣͱǮջǳһҽ⣬Բ뵱ʲôŮΡ
һ뵽˸ŮξҪ˵ìܣӣһͷ
ӣǸиټ𻨣ƷأҲ֣ŮλǴ´ࡣ
иһ¾ͬˡЩ̫ˣǰڿ𻨾ȻһȺһ
𻨵ϸŮ֮ҲиϣԸǰ£ڹһӵĸŮ¸ģ
¹ѻ¸ǵʱ
ӣýҪ衣
𻨷ģòãҾ˵µġ
㲻Ҫȥѵ𣿾˳ʣڵԱɶ׼֧ҶǴӽٵһԼĽԱȻȵӣȥҸڴӵҪһǮջģȵ鷳ɾʹˡ
𻨾ŮεĵһҪ£ŮοɲǹܸŮǸŮͯҪܡҪһԱȰѻеĸŮ͸С
ӣһǸ顣
ǵŴ򣬱ϾĽԱϴǮջǸˣȵģһĺ
°ȥʡ
𻨣˳ҲҲııǴ˭ȥԱ
ȻҲ£Ҫǣʮӣ۹⡣
㲻иӳ˵ˣ컹Զţȥѧѧٻһǡһ֧Ӧġ
˼ӣˣҪѧҲӣ
ӣƬ̣һ治Ҫ˵ǵɶҪǴôأʵġ
ȻӦ˼ҪʶֵģǴ
ӣҲû취ҪҪҲ⡣
𻨣˭˵أŮ̫ˡ
𻨸ӣֳ˼˭˭ҵĺΡ
ܰ˵˵ǲԸȥ飬˵Ӵ󣬾͸֪һûƸɲǰ״ӣ˵˵бҵ֪ĺôģⲻզ
𻨿ƱԹһͨʵҲҸġҪ˵취˭û취
˭Ǵ빫Զأ
꣬ʱƳһ۸ڡ
ӣ󲮼ûɶ
ӣûɶǸȥϹ켸ûڡ
˵Ҳ֣Դҫڳ£˳ȥ࣬һֱֵĲ˳ҲûҹԼ鷳ҫڸÿ춼ڼҡ
𻨲ΪȻ󲮵ȻˣڿǴӵĽ𱦵ָ㿴أҪ˵ЩƨҶܴӦһ͵ָ˸ʲôء
˳ڳ˺򣬱ϵĺͥ͵ᡣϾǳɷ֣ɷָԱɣǴϳ˸͵Ǹϵܡ
Ҳĸˣͷɻ˳ʵ֣泹׳ˡ
ܽ᣺ſɣҪܰҫãý˶Ӹǣȥ
ӣΪȻӽ̲ˣǸĸıӦ
˳ǳıӦҫڵĻ·ء
磬ӣ͸˪һȥϵʵĶʮﶫڳͺ׳ۣҪģʷѾ˿ʮ
ֱӰӣˡ
˪ĬһҲҾʦܲǰ֤
ʻ̫ˡ
ӣۣû£Ҳеġ
ӣ㣺ٲһɽ
ٵˣٿ˲Ҫǲõ֣Ҫ
ӣ֪Ҧ˳겻ɽΣ˼ҿ϶ǺܶһϢ˭ҵǮ˭ġ
ӣȵҪǮԼҩﻹﻹдҪð졣İ϶ҲҪһһΣЩǼ죬˵Ĺʶס
˪ҿ٣ͺɣɽߡ
˪ûһ˼ҪɽΣֻǾ˶̫æˣôһνɽ͵̤ˣҲɿɿ졣
Ѹİߣӣ˪˷ֿһȥϰ࣬һгȥμѵ
ʤ칫ҪС٣Ϊûк칫ռһͨӣȻҲûʲôůƿ
ʤҲֻһ㣬Ǵ
ӣʵ˵طһŮָеĴݣǶȥ˵ѵģ˴ȥˡ
ӣл߽Ǽݡ
һȥͿĸ˶ڵȣɫЩ
ӣ˸ط£ϵŮдʣӣϸ䣬ԭԷڱ顭
ĻǳҽֲϵĶ
ӣİȣԱߵŮ껹㲻𣿡
ӣشŮ˵ҺýŰҪͨզ죬˵ȥ꿪ʼѡ˾ͺˣȥǴ˶ûǴӳ˵ˣôҲͨһȻϿ̫鷳ˡ
ӣ߶߶Ҳ֪Щ˾ͻһֱͣ˵Ҳһûһš
ʱӣͰѱ˵ļҵӶˡ
˾ӣڴӵģǵĴӣӣĵߴӡӣ֮ǰ˽֪簤ɽľӣǵĴӣӣоɽŵĵߴӡ
ӽţУߴûнԱӣŴ򡣵ĴһԱûгŴֻеӣС
ŮңǼڶŮж࣬һֱҲĿİͰͶ˸С
Ϊʶ֣ξͱѵָܻȥŴҲӪ˵ԼûͣǴˣǸҲǴӵġ
˵֣Ȼɫûôˡ
ӣҲһλ淣ԷĲãҲ۾ı顣
ҸǾ֣ŮҲǻ࿴˳۵ӣӣˣӸѰ˼һȥѴӵĿ
˵ŴҲǰݹһ¸һǮϿᲹһ飬ټϿһëҲܲˡ
ʮֵûģƵ˵С⼸ҲɫĴӣ
ңôһǴûϱˣ
ӣŶԣǴӾһ
˲ҾĽˣá
Ϊʲôãǻ˵һû˾
ӣνĸʮСٴУ˼οԷûôѵģɵ㣬ѵһ£úѧˡ
ûãһе͵Ůҽˣ˶ȥʼΡ
ӣҲţһӺһ֧Ǧʡ߼¼
ǺžҪ˴ֽʣ
ҲûУӣܱʼ顣
ӣʮ棬ûоԼ˾Ͳڵҽѧϵ軹ǺܸȤ
Ҫ֪ڼ¼ҴӽʱһףڶʮѸٽũҽѧϵʱʮƽʮֽ֮꣬һӤ½һ࣬Ѿѵõ׳١
ӣʱҽֶε£ĵĲС
𽲿εŮҽʮ⣬֮ǰĳҽ뵽ǱʼǣǿӼǣǵöٶǿ
ӣܱʼʱŮҽͣһ
ûһ淾Сӣֽˣλͬ־˼˴ֽˣָܷҵ㲻´һ㡣
ӣҲ۰ͰͿԼԾŮҽһСָֽǣְԼǦʴмΡ
ӣﶼǦͷʼдʼˡ
ҧ´ϴ⡣
զղԼĿڣӣΪʲôһӸҶˣ
ӣֻżǱʼǣעΧЩСŮĹĶǡ
һѵСʱӣżǵıʼǣŮҽл
ŮҽԽӣԽϲѧĶϲģ˵ӣҲÿǰԭʱӵģⱻΪǲ󷽡ӣǺŵ״̬ձƤҲϸ壬⸱ԪӾͳ嵭ǰС׻о
͵ϲ
ӣŮҽйڽԱ飬ԷҲһһ֪ˡ
ԱҪʶ֣Сѧ꼶СѧһѧٿԾС
Ůҽɫʲôʱʣ
ӣӦллʦˡ
ӣô£پԼ·磬ӣѹԲ
һãﲻǿ˵ĳ;ãӣͷܱ淳ͷǿ
Ҷ淣Ȼ;ûǱ΢˳һӣѹźá
ӣθҽ𣬾͵гˣû¸ٴ
гԶˣһŮһڣ
ľ˵ӣ˹ŰݸߣӪ
۽һ˵ҽ㣬˵զأǴӸţⲻ˳·𣿡
ҷ˸ۣΪɵ
˼ֲǷңƾɶ͵ôһأ㣬Ƿ˼һǦͷһֽ´μǵûϡ
˦˦ӣȻ˵㣬˼ҺôҲǦʺֽšбµ˼˵˼ʲô
ˣںҧ촽
û뻹ǦͷģҲûɱҵúѿ
ŮҲըˣզûû
Ҳޱ뿪ҿɺޣҲǸ˻ûһǸҵ˵ġ
ӣ˼ңȥμѵǸи𻨶ʡĴ˿Ҳ˷ʱ䡣
յңͿʼˡ
ӣѰ˼ԼҪҪ˪ȥͰɡû뵽˪ûһͶŴˡ
ôʱ°ࣿ
˪˦˦ͷˣĻҲ࣬ͻˡ
һ꣬ȥԷ˾ٺܶ࣬˪ҲǶɵȣͰ˽Ӱӣһ±ڵСƵģ⼸ҲӦˡ
ӣ˪˵ˮ˪Ĩӻѳ
ۼһȱϴĵطһͲԺϴˡ
˪ԺǽĸߣҲ͵ճԺ衣ӣϴô˵Ǹ㡣
ӣû˵ͷϴ£
ɻϴˣÿϴ趼Ĳܽˮõĵǣ鷳Ҫ
˪ڲ˴ղ룬ȵ˵ɡ
ӵ򣬶ǸӣǻũУֺôա
ӣűģһԡͰҲϴ
˪áŪܴˮĹӣʡǼʦС
ӣѰ˼ǲԡ
̵ģ̫ˡ
˪ľСڹʱˣֻһֻĸһνǼģˡ
ΪӺù˪Ҳӣڼԡ
ľ۵ģ˪ͳ˵Сˣ˾ͷԳˣǲ˶˵϶ۻһۣҹûбĲɫůˡ
˷˾ϴ˯˪ȥţȥţϴȥõļʮѾˡ
ٿӣҧűЦ˪͸٣һ˯
ǵøϽһʦ֣զôīҲˣզ
˯ҹȻţѵҹＫΪ
ӣӣȥɣ֪ˣ


46 
ӣ˯, ΪԼΣ˯һ䣺ʲôˣ
˪ü˭˯б˳Ѷˡѵ, ̷Ӧ, ӣ¡
ӣһ滹ں˵֪ˣϽ𴲡
˴·һƿž֪Ϊʲôˡ
±
ȻСˣϻһ㼦СġѾũ£Ӷ, ӶѾƫƫı
ӣ֪̾, ˪Ҳɫ
ûɡ, ˪ӣһ鱡ľ壬Ƿﵱ·İõģȴҲ˲ˡ
ӣŰӳţſŵһԱ, ӣͼ˵Ǵ˲ֹһ, ֪أӳ֧鶼Ƕ, ˵֪౻ס, ˱ק˳, ȥ
˵ԷͼߣӳҰѴӶһ飬ȥ˹
ӣŰҩʹ, ˪Ҳ˸΢İӳˣȥҰȥɽǶ
ӣͷ, ղž˵šǮջͳסҲϷ, һ¡
㲻õ, ˳·ȥǶû¡ȥ˰žջɩӴ, Ҫ͸Ͻҡ
Ѹٷֿжӣһ·Сȥ̫
̫˾٣ҵļӶû¡Ӿ˼Ƭߣ̫סשⲻ
ӣʱһ̫˵ñţǾŰȥ֪㡣
֪˲٣ӣһͣǾٸվš
߼䷿ʵûģǴҶվһӵٰѹȥ
ӣһиδ󶼲ɵһ
ⳡͻıʵ⣬ׯڣҵƬ󡭡ǣģֻҪû£ĶС⡣
ӣϽڵĸ첲ѹˣ̻ûѡ
ӣȿ̣ڱϽҸ첲ˣҸ첲ˣϽȿң
ӣû˸˺ú˵Ĺֱ˵죡
ȷ̣Ȼɿû⣬ˣֻһЩˡ̧ߣ֮ҩͺá
ڸձӣһɤӺȥȻѵκֱʵ۵Լ˲мҶֳΨһҽ˵ݻֻܱһԵš
ӣҲûƽȥ¾֪ĶѾˡ
ӣѾˣת꣬ǾŲȥɣ̵ҪȾ
һѾʾͷĲ٣ӣ˵ȸԼӸ첲ӣæ̧̣Ҳ֪ʱҪӣǺʱҲʵʵĸߡ
иȷû⣬̾ȥӣȰ֧չţȥûˣеĻҲ̧
ӣĨϵˮõġ
δ֪Ĵߣ̺ͽڶ͵š
ӣ˾ƾһ̵֪ࣺ˴һ£ȷ˿ûþƾҪ˵Ҳ
֪Ǵҹı˷ӣŶҪˣŮ֪໹ſء
֪ӹƾӣųŪ첲
ֻӣһקĽнֻоһʹ˲ͽӺˡ
ӣֱ֣ûˣע
ӣһֳбĽڶʱ޻˵ˡ
ӣĻڶߣȻҶ˲ڻܵ
ӣŲܣæŸ˰𿴾һСЩҲǹܵġ
Ů֪ӣҲ˵Ǹղҵͷˡ
ӣ鿴Ǹа֪ʱȻԷ˼£ӣζĿһۡ
λ֪࣬ѹͲѪεˡ
ý˵֪ܾ˵ģаһθũ۵ģûûëġƫƫλ֪࣬ûˣҲܺá
ӣζһۣа᲻ڵĶ˶壬ϸʵ򣬽û°ɣ
ӣָڱϴͷɥĽڣأԼʡ
ŲλƤֽһŮ֪ʲộǸġ
һȺ֪లٺãиִһͷС
кã֪㣬ֻм˼ҵķһ֣ҲƬ
и̲ס̾˰ҰĲ鿴û⣬ȥһ˵
ǴӵС磬ѾϡϡĳˣһĴֱӰ³綼ûˡ
еڻûȥʱ䣬ٲȥü
ֻԱֵİײܲЩˣӶҪˣڰϹһ֣ĶҪͰ͵Ĺ
ӣοû¾ˡ
и̲סȥ̶һûԼ˽ʱһ·С̶ܳˡ
ֻˡ
ũԷ첻뷹͵öš
ԴҲԴȥٽͣҲǺԱա
и֪ǳͣȻȥûĶ֪ǰӵƴȶԸһϡ
ӣûʱѾ賿ĵ࣬˶ڵܣͷĽڶûͷԵڱϡ
и˸£ͻȻһ飺
ղžͼڴϿˣǻǮջ
ӣû£˪ȥˣҪ϶͹ˡ
иǲģֻֻ׿ֵҲǴӵҪʲ̾Ҫȥ
ʱ˪ˣʪ͸Ҳš
ȥˣȦȦúõģӽ˵㣬ͷϾС
˪˵ŻӣͷӣҲǶû̫⡣
æ˰ҹӣҲˣ˪Żȥ·ߣ˪Ͱӣ
صָ˯ȥӣϴűһ˯ˡ
һ磬Աڴȳϣȴ֧ʹӳš
ﻹһ㣬˵µأĶµأ
ģлЩԲϿʱ̣ׯڳѾˡ
˪ӣʱԵĻ棬Ҷʩ˶һ֪ǱһԱһûһõġ
иźۿϾû˯ҹϼȥŵĵĵҲδĶã˴һһԣʧ١ҹȥ˹磬Ӧÿһ˵ĹҲƻͨġ
쵼æĽŲմأиĻ㱨׵һߣ˵ǵߴѾʧٵˣĴӻгģȻȥš
ţ
иĽƵ綼һˣĶ˼Ȱȵ˵ôֶȥˡ
и֮δһֱİ嶨ˡ
ճµأûıӳٹжҪ֡
и׼ȰѵͷҪ½ˣǾǰѴϣʱ֣͵ּġ
ԱǱиʮּᶨĸָ·Ҳƽ
ô˵ӻҪҲҺڻֵܲʱ򣬻ǰǾ͵ſհɡ
Աǵ궯иҪ֪ǵˡ
ģΪ֪ʧޣβסˣʮλ֪ҪסԱľٸ֡


47 
ǻǰ, ˵֪סֱĸߵľ֡
ΪɶΪ֪סͺһˡѵľͶ֪Ŀ, ֪ǵĿ, ٲþͻǮЩɵ֪໹С죬кӵļͥմ⡣
ڡ
֪֪֮ԼĴˣȻҹ֪ӳ֯ȥ, Ҳֻóһ֡
֪Ҳһ, ԱǶǱڷ˶, ֪ǷûסҪܵĿ죬һ֪϶Ҫ¡
ǵȻҲ˳ǻĻ, õá
֪˵Ļм
, ˭˽ӻȥŰ
и˵ִ磬ʳ϶ҲҪ, ֪ǵʳܷܲ⡣
ڶ˲, һӾҪæ糤Ŀ, вһֱҪȵ·ݹƲڳʱ֪㡣һӾҪסĸ£
ǮûУû, ʱ仹ԱǶʱҲˡ
иֵ, ûһ˾֡
֪Ƿŭ, , ֪㱻, ԼĲƲ̶ܵͬȵʧټ֪Ÿյһ¡
ھȻˣ
ôıȽϾõģȻҲžºͣӳøɣ֪ģ֪ûֱˣϾ֡ʧ˶Ҳ˵ʲôʳܵø취֪ȵҲҪʱ䣬ǲܶŶµظɻɡ
ԱǲǻΪҶòס֪ǵĿô£֪ڲҲǲβģ֪Ŀã춼ʧпɡ֪ǵĿȥǰģȫȥˡ
ڼ۵һ˵
˴룬һбѹıΣҲ͸ˮϻԼĺ·˯ġ
۵ܲסĶ࣬Լðģû˴룬ܵ
Աߵͷ֪ʲô
أĶҲ࣬òװҲû˵˼վڱϵŴӸ
и˿̣ǰǲڿʱ̵ģòׯأ
ʳʳʳ
˵ɽϲȱҰˣҲָܹҰ˰ա
˳Ұ˳ԵĻûׯڻզ
ǴӵʳʵǲˣиԤһ㣬沦ֲʱ͸Ͻô
ʱ˵֪ˣ֪ʣµǵѲ
иЦҲԹԱǲӲ磬ǵʳģһıԱǾͲµ˴Ѳʳˡ
ʱѾûа취
иҡ֧顢лƣԼǸŮ𻨼ң߸֪ࡣʣµľŸҸ֧ɡʳһһ룬ٲϡ
ͷֻǸɲˡ
и˿ڶ࣬Ҳͣʱֻȳ̬ʱ򼷼ס֪ࡣ֧δҲסƼҲ࣬𻨵¸ɲиֻܸ˰һ
ڿ⼸ɣȵӺ֪һ롣
˵ǺٲϣǳԿġϾڼҼһͣĲǴ磬ҵҲˡ
Ҷֻͣſˡ
иҲ֪ڴֲ֮ͥøԶɢȥϹ֧˻
֪ҲиĻȻԼͷҪһ룬һһ
ʵǡ֪ʧء
ԱȻصӣҪһôҲûӵΣ
֪ǿǼȫҵˣû˹ܾҪӡ
иȫ֪ϸڣͷ֪֪Ĳͬÿ֪ļҵҲһȶļҸɲҲϸȻöԱԱ
ӣ˪̫ߣӣָ̫һ̫ϱ֮Ҳ氤˼±ӣҲ˳¡
һ·ߣ׼Ȱ̫ͻȥ˯ڵһͨϾû˯õġ
̫߬ӣ֣òų
ӣѾͷ˵ҽӼ֪סɲ
ӣЩ⣬û֪ԼϿǡ
Ȼ˪ǴˮƽȽϺõ˼ˣһ֪סԼиˣôôŤ𣿶Ҳ˪Ŀԣ
ұһ쵽ɽŪʻʳȱģµأľǮǵտ˵Ĺ֣˪õǹʺƱ˵ȫָŷӣǵƱʳҲǴϸء
̫Ͻͣģ˪ʳȥֵʳ㹻ָθС֪ġ
ҾţҲǸͷ¡ۼҵĳɷãһˣ˵˪˻飬ûʲôˡһǾãǻ㣬ʡĴ
̫ȲϹҲʥĸǾ˼ġ
ڴϻоŸ֪û䣬ٲ׳˼ҡԼҵȻԲͷһֵ˼Ҷ㣬ͻãƾɶ֪ࡣ
һ⣬̫Ǹˡ
±ʳӣ˪ʳԼ˰ӶùʱȻԺͺӲùʱٲ˾͵ۺ
̫ĺܺã֪࣬͸סһ顣Ե桭
̫ΪѵľҵĻʳһ򲻴ӣƽʱ˪緹ӣ߳ԡ
̫ҲϧǶپǱŻ
ЩҪǸ֪һԣסĲ˵ۡ
һ£֪Ǵһ˵Եӣ˵Եͷ⡣ǲ
ӣ˳̫˼·룬Ҳ⡣
ȷǺΪѣ˭Ը֪࣬˵ԺȣİסڼҲǸĥϰɡһ̯һµ֪࣬һѵ鷳
̫˵ûͷʡ֪˪ûӹĺãʱ򲻳ԵҪ˵Ự
ӣ˪һۣ˾Ǿסһ𡣡
̫ˣզȥסһҲȥ
Լµȥ鷳Ӷϱġ
˵ˣ˪סȥΪ׸ˣסȥɶ
˵ۼﲻզУ
ҵϷӱҲãסȥٰѷӻզ졣
ӣͱˣʡµסȥסǼϣ͸һ䷿ﶫҲʳǳˣԼҲ١ʳֲǲˣǾճ֪ı׼׼ͷⲿ־Ͳˡ
ӣϸҲû٣סһ£ʡĥҲ֪ڲ⡣ʳҲǰ˶ԼҾ͸٣˭ҲôҳԴ󻧡
ӣİ壺˵ˣס䷿ʰһ䣬컹顣
˪Ȼ鷳ҲϱĲãԼҲͷиҲԱ
û취϶ǽͰ͵˼ңӺùûҲӣ˪СޣﻹûӣСĶࡣɶЩ
иҲǱƵû취ˣ˪߶˵ҵݰҹһΣǸڴӵģ˵ǷˣŰС͹ðտ˻ҪȥƷӰҵ
ɼεıӦǿȲСֵĵطֹǴӡǲҲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱˡ
иԱ̫˵ģԼȥ飬ʡµġ
ӣ˪Ȱ̫̫Ӧ£ӣ˵ʵ⣬䶼Ϊǡ
ԼôûӣСѾͷء
Ҳ룬õĹﵽ׻Լҵϡ
̫æҪȥи˵ӣ
۵ȵȥ
ȥ֪ǵ³̻ûһԵԼ̫ϸˡȵȥиͷöģٳͺ̸
ӣסԣ˿϶Ҫú
̫ǿ϶˭ǸнڵСҾͲҪ
ʲô˸һ꣬˵¸ûƵġ˼ϱҽ
˪ȥϰ࣬ӣ̫˿ʼʰӡ
ҵƬľ䣬ֻһǺúõġ˰ļʲŲһ崲ӰʣϻһӣϻһŵĴӡ
̫Щ֪ãʣµĶŲߣҲƬ˸ޣ©С
̫ʰһٰͨѳĴӣҰᣬֻ˪˴ľӣһЩ̳ӹӣм¯ܡ
ӣҲǵһ˪ĳ滹е¯ð⡣
۰¯Ҳ߰ɡ
ԿѼˡ


48 
ʱ, 㹻ӣ̫˶õͳͳٰʳͿܵ¯ŲӣǱߡ
ӣʰ껹ȥһ˺ɽ, ȥǮջͳ, ɽȥҩ
Һͳסĵطã飬ҹ˾͸ҰĶ񻹶ŰȥǮջҾЩߣ˶û¡
ҩͺܲˡ
ԵҵŤ, صҳˡ
ΣûáӣԲ𡣡
ӣĶܹ, ˭Ҳû뵽ϻôı
ϻׯڰʽ˵, ʱ±ıӾҲ
ӣҩﰤĿ죬ҩı͸ȥˡӣ˵Ȫˮ, ָܶپһȡ
ҪǾȲҲֻˡ
֮ӣȥԼҵ, ҵֵĶǸֲˣҲˡӣһ, Ҳ˵ˮ
ˬ֮, ̫ӣȥҴӳ˵Լ֪ܽ¡
˻һ, и̾͵ͷͬ⣬Ѿͷһˡ
ʮ֪, ɲﰲ߸ʣµֶԱ˼ԤԱ, һЩͥ, һʮ
֪ȥ, ܳ˵, ʣµǸͺðˣ˾иԼٽһ
и֮ãһһȽ
ÿ֮󶼻ῪᣬҪӣиãƾ̫ģȽ˵ȥ
̫ԼжһһȽӶԱ˿ܲʲôǶ˵ȴٺòˡ
ȵԱ¹иͰѽ֪ļҼеңʼʮλ֪Ҫô֡
浱ȻҲҪǵ֪͸ҵδңŮ٣ӽ˻飬ӣͷʮ꣬û˵ףľͲŮ֪סȥ
𻨼ңһŮ֪ͻˡ
ȥʮ֪ҪԱͣҲҪ߶Ϊѡ
֪ܻӭģΪʱ䳤Ըӵ˶ܻ飬ҪǼĥûĳëˡ
֪ͺ˵
һ˲̯ʮĴ߸֪࣬ûܹĶ򣬴ͷûȥ˷Ķ⡣
֮£֪඼ͣ߸ԥԥ֪ôѡ
ˣ֪ǸϤ˲࣬д˶ӣӡ̡
ӣóɫҲͻһиʱӵ˶ӣأԼӣڽӸ첲ĹѾ˴֪Ρ
סһҽĲ˵밲ȫб֤ġ
ҲԼԼ֪˵ӣԼб£޵˻ǸϹӪ굱ӵġ
ͺ˰˵סӣżңסӣżҲҲմôԵԿ
֪඼ԥԥȥֵԼ̫ԣǲЩÿһʱ֮Ҳû˵
˳ġ
һվĹȻǲĽڡ
ȻðסҰɣ岻ãʱҲ㿴ҽ
һȻ˵һƽ顣
Ҳ֪ӣԼҪסȥĻֻһ˼ᰲŸõط
ôĵһ춼εˣһסĲô죿
һϸ˵֪࣬㲻̫ңסﶼԡǷӣҲеģûô
ӣüڽڵĳƺѰζϡǵ˵һʱ򻹹ܽںأھͳ˽֪ˣ
ڻȻչôסĲáˣҵģסңҲӣúøƲҿǲġ
ӣ
ҪҪ˵ʲôƨһԵܲõӣ㵱˼
̫Ҳüͷ壬ѰῴĶˡ
ȷʵסңղǻҲΪ˵岻ãסõҲӦõġ
ǽڵĻͺϺȰ
˵¾˵£ﳶ˼ҽòõģ˼Һòֵõ˵
֮գͲӦʱװΡŽ˳һ㣬ǱϾһطģҾ˵ãһֵܽþһ磬ض׼˶Ķ
ĴǶһ˹ϵĲѰԲܸ׼˵ŻǮεʱҲãһǰԼӡˣҲպɻоǰѽڸסֹ˿Ͻڡ
ڿĿȻǶˡͽ죬ǸŮĶܿ
ˣڵĴĲã¾硣
ûܵˣûɲҵ¡
ڳͷһ£סҵʮþˣƫҪһٽȰҲ
ãԼúúôˡ
ڵĶˣôԸԼܸһϡ
ţſˣ֪಻Ҫ˵ˣôѡҪҹͬ˵ʲôʲôסѾǸ鷳ˣǲҪ̫
ڱ˵Ļ˵ˣһᣬû˵ӵĻһ˵ڣôҪء
̫ʱǿˣζĿһ۰ᡣ
￴ӵǲ١ǳƤģžͲǸˡ
ŲסԼҵķء
ииһû˵ηֵҼҵ֪ҪԼġҴסӣǱȥͰѼլһʳҲǷֿġ֪ôʰҾͲСˡ
̫Լڳ̾ü֪࿪ʼԥˡ
ɶ˼סȥ֪಻ǸһԷԼ
ЦǺǽǻǸãϱסһҲʡӣһųԷˡ
ڴ϶ˣӣÿ̫䷹Ҳ˴˾֪顣Ȼ˵ûҪߣߵý𻨾֪ӣʵڲó
ȥ궬ˣĶǻأ𻨾ҲûɶϾ˼һῴ˵˻˪ءиӣһҲûʲô
̫ɲǣסһʡˣüճסȥֻҪϧ㣬ҾͲȥˡ
̫Ļ˵ףӽסǸһǰϧӣٵ¡Ļһֻ۱һֻˡ
̫Ļһ̾һŮ֪֣ȥҡ
˵֪һС֪࣬ԲԲƻƻҲˡ
ɿתͷ̫˵һʹ½ˡ
Ķ࣬û˰ʵڲС
İĶǽڣ뽭ԽԶԽáֿϡ
᲻ɫĹ۲ƻ
ƻղ׳ŵ˵Ǿ仰֮Ͳˣ̫˾סȥôãƫƫĲʮԸ⡣
ʵȱǮʱȫƱǮССҪ磬ۡ͸˲ϣһҪʲôûֻԼ˶ٿǮ·Ʊͱ
һ㶼ûԵģǵĸԱסһ¶˸ٱ˵ס
̫ӣһۣﻹԣС˵Ǻִ֪磬żҽҲǵͶ¡
ζˣҲҪ֡
Һӣûϣһƻļҵס
ƫƫʱ֪ӳ췢ˣƻСλһ֪һ֪ࡣҲ»
ƻպͮͮģԣ
ӣ̫ҲûһһŮ֪࣬н
ƻ⣬ƫѾǶʮˣ˾Ͱġ
̫Ҳʶӣ˵Ǹʵģûô໨ӡ
£е֪඼ֺˡ
ֻʣһ
ڡ
˵ӦǷֵƼҵģǻһھͷۣʵǲҪ
ҲȥƼңֵһ
һŮֵ֪𻨼ң𻨼ֻһģµ֪Աһһ𻨿ỹǺ˳ۣ;öһ¡ԼҹŮһ䷿Ҳʮˣ֪Ͳ࣬ദҲ˳
ֵһ𣬱˵𻨲ӦˣиҲܴӦ
ҪôסƼңҪôͻס֪ɡ
֪ˣզס
ڲ鲻Ըס˻Ƽңһ̡
иڰ֪̯ˣϾ˸ȥá
ƻԼһȥҡ
ҧ´Ȼ𻨼ҲеԼˡ
ƻ˵ƻƻú֮һȥ𣿡
ƻԣңǲÿϹܼ𣿡
᣺
ƻ˵ˣҲסĸ£ʱ֪㽨ãǾͻסһ˰
ӣڱϲЦ̲ƻʱãƻ˻ǵģ԰˼˾ͺ״ȭжԷҲڡ
ӣηѡ˵ҡ
̫ǿ̱ˣµĲļҾߣſڵˮףһϴӣ񷿵ĲҲǣһȥ
ƻһݾ;ˡ
ӹɫ㣬ſڴϻοյĻƣɾ࣬һŴ󴲣һСιӣȫ
ֺ̫ǺǸһԿףһ䷿ȥļţйһʮʳȳšﻹŰײˣ͸ǵġ
ƻʮָжллˡ
ͼ徻ģ벻ԷȻôʡ
ҲǺܸˣʱãȻ֪ԱʲôӡЩ˼ݵﵽ飬סĿͷϻܳ붼ˡ
ҺθƻѡԵĲ˵ٸɾ
ƻͽ߸˰Ӵɨһ飬ϾȻ̫һӣһ¾һ˯󴲣ϱһ£ȻеˡĴ̶ʪˣϴ˻ûء
˰Űײ̫Ĵ۾ƬȥӵΣζȻҲ
˺ͺ˷ϴ˯
һߵ֪Ǿûô˳ˡ
Դӽ˻ƼҾü̷ֵʱΡ
ӲģӶûУ
ſɲ˵֪Ǵ׶ģһ඼ԲáӵȻûȥʣ˭жӣܸ㲦һ䷿Ͳˡ
ˣģ񣡡
ٴ˵仰Ѿʧȥ˾̬
˯ͷ˯ͷ
ʰԼһߣ̻·ɨ˴̣Լһ㱡·ҲֻˣȵˣͲ·ˡ
ڷƢҲûҲʧȥµ̬ԼǱһʰãݲ˯

֪Ǹ԰ٺ֮ļ죬ϿνæȻ죬ҶæŲִ˾͵ȥæء
м仹εϢ
κĴֻǻһ磬Χ綼вεķܽصĵطǵĴ磬λȫˡ
⼸ߴæŲ֣ܽ˵ûôʳ֣֡
ӣȻҲ˵Ϣɵͻ
ûֺãǵȵգֻʳҪˡ
ⲻǸϢ˪һǲǾ׼
ɵⲻʳ⣬ԼҴ˵˶֪ĴӾûôˣڴӾӣһʱ֮ӣҲæ˲١
ȵӣ˪͸˼٣׼ɽȥɽˡ
˪ˮִ˻͸õ¯ıǰӣ̵ģˮֵ֣֮Смڣ¯￾ıִҲǡõںϽȥ
˪ձִһϷۺһѲ˵
ձȻҲ˪һץҰɽɱֿҲܲ
˴ɽ˳ԼϤС·һ·
ԽԽܿҰ˶ţСơ
ĸջҲ٣ӣҵ˴ѿȻҵһҰӣ
źӣʱ򻹲ժǴѿʱӣһԴԵĴѿ۶ֱˡ
ѿǼ̣ժΪѣһѿԳԣζ쳣ΪɽҰ֮
˪ʱǰĲְ˲˵˳˼ʮѿ
˪ûȥѿ
ӣ䣺ӣ
˪Цãӡ
ѿҲܺóԣɽҰ˵ʸڻϣζԶڵ
ժ˴ѿ֮ӣҵϡҩġȥûһɽεӰӡ
˪οҲҲûʲôʦ˵ܸƼһ£ҽͿ֤ʱ֤Ҿǹʡ
һء
ɽĥãץһֻͷԵҰһֻСߡ
˵Ҳ˸ˣʱ˻˻ӣ˻ͣһ׵
˪һڶԷߴϣӣͰװģռ˰¨
ӣߵߵüˡ
ɽߵҲǿ
ӣǾû
ɽһձ俾ɫ˲ſʼɽ
ɽĵطѾǵߴӵķΧˣ˪ӣ֣˱˷ߡ
ߵһ룬ӣǱʲôһӡ
ֿиʮֵĴʯͷ飬ʯһô
ӣͷȣ˪ҰʯͷῪ
˷Ѿ˴ʯͷȻڱԵһϸСɽΡ
ӣð⣺Χһֻ꣬Χ϶иġ
˪ӣֵΧûһջ
ӣϲָһôɽΣ²£һꣿ


49 
ҰɽεƷི, ֱ¬Jơ塢롣
ν¬Ҳп¬ָɽεͷ, õ¬Ӧϴϸ, 绨ʢΪͨ¬һ곤һԲȻһ㡣¬ϳĲJͷϸм֣Jɽ嶥·Ҳжɽ޵Ҫ֤ݡ
ͺܺò, ָɽε͸롣
ӣ˪ҵһ֧, Ȼûڳ, ϡɼĿ¬չʮƯҲǹ壬Ƚ٣涼СԲ, ϸƸһĻơ
ӣԣʮꡣ
ƷҰɽ, ǷŵԺҲǹ۵һ
ӣСɽڳ֮Ǽ, ֧ɽκֹʮ, ѾǱʮȥˡ
ӣôֽŰɽϸϸ, Ա߼СɽҲһ
ɽҦ˳ﻻ󼸰٣СɽҲ׼, ûȥһãһ¿ܲ
ʱѾ, ӣĻ, Ѿϵߵࡣɽ֮Ŵ·һ, ǰǸйĴ, ˸·֪Ǻ칫硣
ɽƵʱãտʼʱ·ӣ÷Ҳᰴԭ·ˣԾʹµļ˸λ˭֪ߵ˳ɽ·һ·˺칫硣
·˾ˡ˳ŵ·ĻԼҴӡ
صҵʱ̫ѾȵĽ
զʱŻ¿¡
̫ӣһˮ˵ѾǴˣģɽϸ䡣
ӣˮڣ˷ܵĸ̫԰ڡ
裬㿴
ӣ¨ϸŵĲҩóνض顣
̫߻һͨͨĲûվס
Թԣϴߣզİ
ɵ̫£˵ˣѷڱ¨ҲĴ¨ϻɫĻƣžͺ˵Ľ
ӣ˪һߴ磡
ӣýִ̼ǶѿҪժľѿ߾ˡ
ӣץߵĹ˵ʮֽŴ̼̫
ӣŲȻ극͸ˡ
ߵƤ߹ǣҩĵĶ
̫е㺦£Ӧ
ӣǸҽģЩ˺µĶȻûη塣
žͲҩŪҲֵǮء
Ȼ֪չ۸٣ӣǰ㣬;ñ˲ˡ
ҩĻ˵ϵĶҩѶˡץߣֻҪǶ߶ʰʰͳԣ֪ҩô
ӣԾԾԣǰҩĶȡˣʣµ
ҲʮּѣͳˣָϲҰҲͽץһֻûˡ
̫ǽ˪ҡʵڲ
ӣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ˪
˪Űɣϡ
ӣһȥϴϴ·
̫һ࣬Ģ׼˪ӹסץҰ˼ëϹĢζƵƮ˪ҰѽժĴѿóϼ˸ѿ
ӣһھͳڴѿĶζζ㴻̫һ㴻ζŨҰԵѿȻҲŶصζȴбڰԵˬ
ٳһҰĢӣҰζ
ҰʽʵۣĢҲ˼Ũ֭˻ҪͷմĽԺ
ζƵƮĸڵ˳һҿҪ˯š
СֹҹԣҲҭ
˵ŻţԲһҲ׬ˡ
˳˸ʮֲã˼Դ⣬ĵһڸˡ
ͻȻ֨ѽһ˳˭
겻ں˵㻹Ϊۼϡ
û˼ҵ֮ӾŶʮǮҫڻãֻʣ¼ǮĶ죬Ķ
˸Ƿ̽ͷһ
ҫڳȥˡ
˳ڴϣôȥ
С֣Ӧȥͬѧ˰ɡҫڲ˵ڸеͬѧϵã˵ܸܸʱɸء
˳һ㻹ţ
ʲôʱ浱ʱǵĴײˣ˵оеİڳҪҸʱĻأָҫڵͬѧܰæ
˳ԽܣȻ۶ӣҲ֪ҫǰ;ãһֱҫڸһµظɻָžѶһǽװһװأʱܲ˵һϱҲ
겻밡꾭˳Ǯһ£˳ûģھ;ȫҵϣڶϡ
ҫô˵ҲǸжһģ˳ũмʶ·
ҫզҳҫھͺܺãǰ㶮£ڶҲء
˳ܣץƽ޹ʸĨΪɶΪǼǮ𣡲ˣǮܷˣȻҪǮȫܸҫڡ
ǮأǮж٣
˳ſھҪǮǮǷš
ǮҲ˳ķʽ֪Ϊ˲ǮŤڼҵӾʣ˶ʮ飬͸ˣҲǻڼϡ
ڲˣ˭֪᲻һǮȫҫڰܻˡ
ɫһ䣺㲻˵˸ҹۼڳԵĺȵĲǮ﷽㡣
˳⸱̬ȣһò̫
ǮأǮˣǮأ
ӲͷƤĶʲôǮۼʱҵҩǮеǮ
˳ĿȥǮҫڻˡ
겻ˣ㺰ɶҫڣǲĶ𣿸ӻǮɶأ
̯ƣҫڸ˵ˣѧУиŮͬѧͦõģŮϵĹҫŸ˺壬˵þȢ
˳ЦǰǰԼܸںͷˡʮ޴ǳԵ޴ĺ
ҫиŮͬѧΪƭ˰ʮ
˳ײҫڱ׼Ǯȥ˳˵ġ
ϸһ룬ƺҲûҪˡ
˳ͷһưɡ
ҫڱǮˣҲȢ
ʮǮż죬öȫܵˡ
˳ǴδĹǹܲˡ
ҫڴˣһѾ򲻹ˣôɡ
ӣվͿ˽Žȥɽηڱ¨棬һ˵ҩĺҰˡ
ӣȥسǾֱӪ꣬˳ҵҦ˳ꡣ
Ҧ˳ҲǰһϴԼ˲֮ѾЩˣҦ˳껹ΪӣŪء
Ҧ˳ƧĴ֣Ķأ
ӣСֽţɽһʮʣ滹ʪ
Ҧ˳꼸ˣΪ˸ҩųϢ֮Ҳ֧ɽΣǸɰͰ͵һСڣûһǰ֧״ұ
Ҧ˳꣺⡢ж갡
ӣ΢Цʮġ
Ҧ˳һסӣ֣ߣһȥ衣
ɽΣҲ֧ܿƷʮʲôģҪøۡ
ӣ㲻ϰˣ
Ҧ˳겻ںһȥ٣ҡ
ӣҴҽţûӾͳҲףԷȫǮ
Ҫ֪ʱͶǺܴӵģܲپͲ٣Ҳûô˳ġҦ˳ͿԣҶԷʮɽüͷûһ¡
Ҧ˳ӣһ·ֵСʱ͵һͲ¥
ӣڽʱһ£֪ط·ŵļԺ
ѹˣԷ۶գһµҪɽΡ
Ҧ˳ӣߵһͲ¥Ķ¥˼ž
ŵŮ˼ŮʮֳԾôʱˣ
Ҧ˳꼤ĺܣ裬Ҹҵҩˣ
ŮǻŵȻһѰŮקӣҲȥ
Ҧ˳ĸ׵ੲݣʮҰɽΣҸղſˣүү˵ֲ࡭
Ů˻û˵ʲôҦ˳͸Ͻӣǰƣ裬ǷͽܵϱǴӵĴ򡣾ҵġ
ӣղŽŵʱ˳ְŴˣŮҲù˼ˣϴϲ⣺λͬ־ҿ𣿡
ӣͷɽεݸԷŮ˽ӹȥ֮ԽԽ⡣
ʮ꣬òΰ
ŮҲᣬЩŵѾҲûҵġۿŴŮԽԽãҲż
ڵ֧Σ˵ҪǮʮĲΣʮ꣬һʮ飬ͬ־Ҹʮ顣
ŮˣεƷ̫ˣʮҲմ˹⡣
ӣһٶͷȣӣļҵ׾ʹٶԾλˣ
ллˡˣõʱҪעҲҪãôһ֧ΣǳҩҲòģţͷҩƣЩҲˡ
ӣ˵ͷͷǵԷɽʲô취ܱá
ŮԽԽӣʵڣ˱ˣ¶ǮˣĶôϸĸ˵أ
ҽӦҲ
ӣЦҲͻаɣĸѧġڴϸǿС֢
Ů˱űյ̬ȣͷҿ·ӣָһ¼ҩ𣿲˵ǼҲͷһνӴôҩģЩĵġ
ô˵ҲٶҩأһŪˣҵٺҲҪۡ
ӣ̴Ӧղ˵ôһѣΪľǿ·ӡ
Ҧ˳ӾʮָȤЩҽǣžֻԭʧˣҲź
ûأһҲˡ
ӿ϶Ǹ˶õģӣ˷ӣȻҲҪ˴Ѹ
Ůǧлȥ֪ͨŮӣȥӣõҲϸϸ鿴һԽԽⷽӿˮƽ
ɫЩ԰׵Ů˿ڱϣӣ
˵ҲӱͲãǰʱҲɣǸҽԺϴ£ǡˣżڲ²
ӣȷʵǵӲãӿĲųԣ漸ҲעϢҲġ
ͣһ£ӣʵ˵ʱҽԺϴ£ʲô°
Ҧ۾˵ʯ󿨳ѹ˺Щ˵¡
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Ҧ۾꣺ô֪ȷʵס305ĶѪĲˣ͸һ˸ջȥûҾˡ
ӣסеļҦͬ־ȻЩðһһ£㴲ûлع305ܼ¶Է𣿡
Ҧ۾겻ѣصҼ˶ڸ㴲мȥ305ġҵʲ֪
ӣҦ۾֣лл
ôҲ벻ԼȻһҵͻƿڡ
ΪҦ۾⣬ӣԼҲЩ˵Է
ĸ׾ǵ305ģҵ첻ߣֻмĴڱϡǴͬˣ˵ֻ֪мǰһλиļڰҹҾһֱҵ㡣ûб˼ֻһʣĸǰûиʲô
Ҧ۾ӣĽͣԸһѣģҶá
ԴĸףҦ۾Ķܲĸ׵أԼ˵ɥ֮лңĸһûǰϸչΪ壬йϵҩҦ۾ĸ׵ҲܣֻԼ̺ĸ׿ġ
Ҧ۾꣺һʵ󲻹ҵļøеһҲǻȥö
ӣлҦ۾꣬ſҩʱ˵ȪˮȨˡ
ӣгϣ˪˵˾
˪̾Ե֡
ǵҸһǡ
˪ӣһ±棬õ±õƬп±һ衣
˪̫򵥣ӣȴżæŵĸʱ䡣
绹Ҫȥأ
Ѿһļ٣Ҫȥˡ
˪ӣ漸³꣬гһˡ
ӣȥѵҽӣɺɫļѡ˾ЩѹƺҲϰӣͻ
ӣҿһۣЩôû
ϸӣϵõһˣӣ𣺡淲ˡ
˼˵˹ϵ˼ˣëǮˡ
Ҳ淣˵ǾɣΪԼһ龺Ŵһ˼Ӫܵӳҿ޿䣬֪ΡӲ˵Լʶ֣Ҫ
û죬ӣѹ̧ͷ
Ҳûʲôһˣĸ˶ӣѹ̧ͷҶһҶѾϰˣȵѵӣ϶ʸһһӵģ
ĸ׽ɱ¡
淵Ŀ͸ö
˭룬˼ѵǼ٣˲ء
ż죬͹˹һźӵҲ֪ôģǸɴĲˣ׼Ž顣
ӣ̲סզࣺ飿
ʶ찡׼ͽˣ
˵Щģø˵϶ǲõģһӾʹӴӷԾ˹磬ȥҲܳϢ
ͺܾᣬ֪ǲҪĽһ¡
ǷǦͷûɣ
ӣûء
ǲںƾСϸڣӣλҲϲ
Ʋ죺˴С
Ѷȵʱȴʹʹ졣
ӣʼ磺νˡ
ǹͣԺҲһټ
Ĺһѵӣȥʱȴһδˡ
ҫվڹĽֽǣ̣߻мžɫСꡣͷͷŮ·Ĵһڡ
е㺦£ӣ֣Ǳߡ
ӣɫ۲һҫڣڵҫڱʱץӣһ㡣ûûε̳Ļ죬ƺӣڼĸڴΪǮӲĵһ
ӣҡҡͷ˳ˣСûдǻۡ
֮ǰҫ͵ǴѾԵ˽ѵǲܰѶӸԼ
ںˣҫڴġѡٲ˸ͱ¨
ӣûг˳̵ܽͷܽʲôأԭڵʱλõܿû۸ԭָʹԭϴ·ɻģƾʲô
ӣڳ֪Լܽҿԭĸ׵࣬ڶڴһҸû˺øС
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Сɴ۾ڰɣҸղſûʲôⰡǻг𣿡
ҫķңԽԽãҵĵù¶Ϊӣġ
ӣѼֿ־ͲžףףԾûԾͲ׹ģҪ޸ԾҲû˪ǮҲΪǮ׽⡣˼İʮ飬ΪԵȥ͵
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ȻмĲû󣬵˵Ҳһ
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һӣǲǲϲҡ
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ӣ֪־ͲҪ˵ˡ
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Ҽҵķӿ˼㶼֪ĹϸİסӣȻסҲŵӣʲôסʲôˣֲš
ӣһƣǲ֪ν
᲻ӣһίֿҲӣţֻ𻨼ҡ
˵ʲôǰ̫˵Լ֪ܰ࣬ʵϣҿĺܡ
ƻͽסǼֿã㹻ĸ˵ġ
յôһԥʹʧסҵĻᣬͽڵ
ȻҲģֻǸ֪ĴǸͬסһ£ǱȲ֪ǹԼġ
ȻûɻǾԼһû
̫Ѿһ䣬ʣµѵסµģȫסµ
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ӣֻ˸ͷ͸ȫûдӦͷ
߷ߵһŵϵ顣
ס𻨼ң𻨵Ůһ֪࣬˼һԺմ˵һô
Ķ֪㣬һ˵ԼԲȥ֪໹ŸһƬ˵ģҲǸɵİ
𻨼ңһǱ׼ϡ
ԽԽԼ
ûҲǻˣǶ˵ʲôеˣɵͺáҵĹưףҲˢġ
᲻ˢ룬֪ǻסһҲʩΪ
ѻӰ˽УһתͷĻһ̶ܵǰ
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ΪǰƲϵҪһҪԼ֪ࡣ
ǲӣ۸ˣ
ҧ´ûá
ڻҪ˵ʲô˵ûµģͬ־ллĹġ
ڣ˵㿴㣬ˣһûкúóԶ
ͷȣ٣ȥϸȡ
ϻмʮǮҲѹǮھãЩǮڰϻǿԵġϾͨҪ޸Լġ
ϲ˼ⲻ̫鷳𣿡
޵ʲôȥ
֡ƴǡ£ջֲڣͺл
ڶĽȴûȥϡ
ΪߴһȺί͹ˣϵ˶½˶ϡھƢֱҲ֪ʱǳӵĺʱȺΪԼҪôģǿɾ˵ˡ
ί൱ֱӣסһԱʣͬ־ȥ˳ңָ·
Ասսĸָ·ίš
˳꣬Ƕҫһ͵ٰǳһȥ顣


50 
»Ҫҫͷʼ˵ˡ
ӣӹȥ֮, ҫڷѾҲСᣬȻƽ͵Ҫ˵ȥ˵, Ǹҡ
ͷ, ֻҫں˱Ǯۡ
ҫһ˾һǮҲҫڴõһǮŵ
һǮ𿴲࣬һϰ̧̧µһ¿ǿ, µضδһõء
ҫڻ˲, һЩ, ȻӦʮСˡ
ҫڴԼȥǸʶõˡ
磬ֵܡ
ҫʮֵͷʱ, Ҳմ̵Ķϰɺе, ̶־̫ǾŲֽԼҶ
ҫڰ˴ʱ, ţĳž, ·˶Լ¡
еɫݣ˵ĸ, Ǹߣ˿
һҫСʮֻ飺ǴĶȥ, ȥڶ𣿻ǵڰ˴ӣ
˵ӶŹĴӣҲǺù, ֮ǰҫһ˾ȥ͵͵
۾һ, öļСϻ, ʲͲ׸ߡ
ʱҫ˵ˡ
ô, ƭ𣿶ֵܣ˴ҵġ
ҫʮܽһ仰
ûôġ
ʵҫڲ˵ֻϲΪ֮ǰƭʮǸԷǴúóԵúãʳʱҫڸƱʱҫȫԼ
Ҳһҫڳ˼ηֲɫʾԼĲ
ҫ̾Ųˡ
ļ࿴һۣùġ
ҪǮֲȱۣǸһԭ뿴ҫڵʲô·һҹ顣
ŪˣԼܲԼҲɡ
۳żҪˣ粻Ųæ˵֪𣿡
ѹ˵ˣ⹫磬ˮõĺܣ֮ǰ˵ɽ˲پĵϲƣԹһʶģ˵һС˸ȥ©ȥȥ
磺ʱ򲻹ǮͷĶЩСҲܸһһ
˻һҫס˺Ҳضá
ͬһ糤ģЩСȻҲ֪˵ȷ£ʤռŵƣǰҲǳķˮá
ǰľʱҲΧֵ׵ģûס
ⲢζǶЩȤˣ෴ҵĶˣѵ͸ֵǮ
Сᶼð
ڵ£Ҳﳤ˵һ㣬缸ʮ꣬߱ҵʱ˵вרҵ
ĴͲ˵СҲֵʮǮڣȻó֣Ҳ˽µĲƤСƻҲʹá˵ˣ֣Ҳܵұ˭֪ǲǼ˵ء
ҫڸԼõôöˡ
ʱҪԼҵķҲߣûשǳģѹӣһͷ
ҪĽȥҸϱ
ҫ뵽ļֱҲˡ
ǵ緢˻ǽϾͶ֣ɽžۣʱдǼ͵ð̧
ҫڵͷ絷⣺û⣬磬ģ
ҹһ˾ͷڹϣͬʱģм͵ˡ
ûҫڽܣѹɤü˸ϡ
źڣһȺɽû߼͵˵طһͺרҵ˾Ĺʱʹš
ϲˣ
µļԴԴϵ˶ϵǣĶǴڤСҲһƥͭ
ҫڼŲӿҲûȵС
¼µĶ֮ǰǰ˹ĶЩˡ
Ӧ˾͵ط
һһȫ˸ɾᶼûҫڼ
֮󣬵绹ҫڼ˰ŰѶ̧ɽ
ҫڣ磬ҵأǼķأ
ҫ֪ûСԼҲֵֻܷͭ
ֵǲ롣
һЦ˵һ䣺һȺƤ˼ҪͷκһǼһ󡣡
ҫڱ⻰һӸ̼ˣ֮ǰŵ磬Ǿõ͡
ڲˡ
ƾʲô˶ˣǼܷ֣
˭ء
ҫҲһ˭ôıȴһԼûϵܲ
Ǽվһߣе粻˵¾͹ȥ˼
ҫڼˣ׳ģϵǱߵ˺ͷӣȻϲռƣȴҲС
ɫҫڣ㼸˼ҽ˵С˸Ƿ֣ԼųĶͷĸСˣϽѶȥ´һǷ֡
֮ǰжеǰ˵ĹͷãõҲǰŰ̧
Ҳ˵һСŰѼ
⼸СϾȻӹִģҪֶ
Ǽƾʲô
ǰ̽ѨûæĹҲûȥͰҪ֣ûôõ£
ҫڲ밡һϡ
Խ˵Խܲˡ
Сʱ֮ǰѼǮɽɽٸǮ
ҫ۾ˣҲܣǱǸͭǣ
ûţ
նСӣҪ£Űɡ
Ϳҫڣǿˡ
ҲԼʲô
ҫڳ׺ۣ̣ȫЩͭʹ
ҫڹĶżҪȥ벻ҫھȻܲ
һʱ֮߾Ͷ
ҹ˾ûߵɽ
ѸپԱŴϵֱȫ¡
󣬾ˡ
ί̾Ͱµ˴Ҫ顣
ŹҲ
ҲУһͷмŶûеˡҲ֪ǲ񼫡
ץĵ޵Ҫҧ顣
ôҲ벻ܻҫ
ݺ˿ڴѪĭ룬ԼҪû꣬ٲõҫ̵
ҫڣɵˡ
˲һһһͷ͸ɣˡ
һίᣬŵͲӾ˵
ίһⲻǣ
ãҪ˿컹Ҫʱ䣬ҫ
ɸί͹ҫǲǵһθɣǣ᲻Ŷ
Ǿ;һ˳ꡣ
˳ţϥǶˡ
˳߶ʵ쵼ղ˵ʲôҫڸɶˣǲŪ˰ҫզȥ͵أ
ҲΡΡǻǰҫڶøԣɲִ鷳ġ
ί˿ɲǷϻ̾Լ˵ҫڲ뵹Ȼִͼٵ顣
Ҫȥһ顣
ҫǲǲ˶ڼҡ
һȺ룬ȥͿʼ
ӣŵģڳ£ҲͲˣűϵſ
˳ͷðͲˣͬ־ͬ־дϣҫûдİǵù羢һθɣǿɵҡ
Ҳ档
ͷһ˵panpanûУǲ֪ˡ
鵽ҫȷʵûö˼̫顣
˳ȴѵһ㲻Ѱ
һеСְѼͨɫž
˳ŵ˶Ҫվס쵼쵼ҴӺɽģҰĲ֪ʲôҾǼģÿźÿŵġ
ԷЦһ㵱Ϲⶫһǳģ·ܿҪǾⶫֵǮ㴲ͷ˯
˳治֪Ҿ͵ǸĶ֪ⶫֵǮ
ԷְѼһʵأϴΰӶûǮô£
ĽӿžͳģҪȥգ۸ܸü١
˳Ҳǿҫӵģƫƫ߬ӲȥǮΪʲô
Ҫ֪˵ľɣǽӲȫֹģҲЩԴĽΡ
ְѼóҲúŪ˵ʲôԼֵ֪Ǯ
Ϊʲô
겻ŵĿ˳벻ԼΪ˶ڸί龫ǣ˯šʱǿżǮһȴڴͷô
óһˣǼҵľҲ˰
˵׼͸ҫ˹һ˰ȥˣ
ί˼˽һҪɰʵס
ڽǸǻȥ
ְѼ飬ӣ˳ΪʲôóȥǮ
С˵Ǿ޶ƲԴ˵ǲ˳ʲôڽʲô
˳Ҳ뵽˶Է²Լһʱ֮Űˡ
ûУ쵼ҰһسǶң
˳ֻһԩ
һɤӾȥ˵͹Լ۶ûûȣ͹Լ
ĵıߣûʲôܱˡ
װĶӣԺúýȥģֻҪõĳǮһȫ԰ѶͽﵱˣҲýͰ͵ڶ͵ԡһеһУ÷ġ
˳Ȳ˼ǮȻֲ˱˵ӲӸӳ
޲ȥҧ˳
޷ĿиίҲ˼˷ֿȥ
겻֮£ҧͶˡ
˳ɫҰܣ֪ڲǴȥˡ
˴֪ԼҵǮǴӣĸǶģܲһͽ˰ѻסǵŶԷԼ
Ҫ˵ʱֻһſڴ
ͬ־ǸӦĸ׵ģͷøҿ𣿡
ӣͤͤվſڣ˵ĺ˳ֶŮǰӦǮͶ
ӣڸڰ˳Ļʱ˲²⡣
˳ΪʲôŽӲһǲΪӻ˾ͻʲôԣְѼӣԭӡкԭĸиɫСҩơֻĸȥ֮СҩҲˡ
ίüͷ˳ֶŮ¸ñӡ
Ϊӣ˳ѵġ
ӣȴ˵Ҳ˳˵ûǻȷ˳ռĸҵŲĸǴӵĳŴ򣬸Ϊ˱ӵȥġ˳ĸҵٿǮͶȴңֱȥҽ
ԣͷҿ¶ȷĸ׵ģҪ˳ռʿŮƲ
˻һ˳Ѫˡ
벻ӣȻʲô֪ˣٿǮ֪һ
ǶɸԱ߲һԡ
°
ǰӣģĸ
ӣһˡ
ӣ˵ίüͷûɿ
ô֪ĸ׵ٿǮ
ǴҲһʱ䣬ӣ֪Ǯ£Ϊʲô٣ƫƫ
ӣΪѾõ֤ݣҲҵ֤ˡ
治ɫĸ׵ȥʱͬһĲˣеʱ˻صϢ֤
ȻûҦ۾õȷϢӣԸλᡣ
ɸίѽְѼߣԺҪˡ
ԭĸĶӣԸöߡ
Ȼӣһ˵Էɿˡ߹ȥ
ӣڲһǷһСӣ
ӣϲҲ˳׻
˳ǰ̱ܵڵأôҲ벻ӣȻץסᡣһپͰѵҿˡ
ӣȻλ쵼ڣҾλҰѵ鷭һĸʿҸǾˡ۸˼꣬˸ܳԩѩϣܰ׷ĸ׵
ʱиҲˡ
иҧҧ˳һʵĵƵߣи֪һᡣ
ӣû˺ߣ£ҪվӣһߣܽҲǴӵĸɲǰʿŮģӶ
иҽܣ֮˵Ҿӣ˵Ķԣĸ÷ͬ־ǴӵĴ򣬾ˣΪǴӸ¸ò飬Ҳλͬ־һȰ
ί˱ҫڼҲſܲܵ£ڴûУսƷҲۼղˡ»˳ҲܲҲǸ͡
ͷһ˼ʹӦˡ
˳֮£ܸίʲô˵ǡ
ӣĸ÷ٿǮԸϡ
˵ǲԸԼôࡣ
Ͼ֪иƢ˶ٿ϶Ҫġ
ٿǮ۽˶
ӣһ˼ȥϹȥӪ˪ȥҦ۾Ϣ
µ񣬻ǵס֤˲ѹ˳ˡ
ϹץɪһԣŵĿҪӡ
ʻϹ˵ֻ˳÷顣
һأô˵ҲڣϾ沣һô°
˵ģϹ벻
˳һֻҪòסͲ⣡
ûþʧˣ˪гһüĿˡ
˪һվӣߣסӣ֡
ӣһĵֿʼŵĶˡ
˽Ҧ
Ҧ˵ϻͷͷǵҽԺӣ̫ˣҾ
˲֮þˡУǲһ305Ҿȥ305ð
ҼǵúȥʱԭסŴ˯˸ݵˡһŴǸŮˡ
ǸŮһֱ˵һ۵ĽУһ˵ʲôٿ飬ӡ
ԾҲû㴲ģͰһʿ
ӣ֪֣߬ԭĸȥ
Ŀ̲סʹԭļͣؿڣޡ
ҦĻʮҲ˲ͻϹĲּ䡣
ϹԶԶԣҲǵʲôһ˭˵
ӣ֤ȫ˳ĽƱ糹û
˳Ҫ˵ӣġ
ѾѾȾȴ󲮣󲮲ǶǴ֮ǰ㲻ãһʱϣĶѾ󲮲ԸİˣտʼţҪãǺҡ
ӣ˿벽
󲮣ЩƭԼɡ
ӣ
νĹϣҹţдʡʵʹˣȰסôĸңȻˡĸԸĸҸȵûмֵˣǾͻһ˿ַӵ˼ңżұǣҲز
ǮˣЩһûˡԼĹײıɣǰЩǮóǮǲҲܣóȥ±ҶȻҪǮ
ϧ˴󲮣˾С̫࣬ǰѱ˵ɵӡ
ӣ¿ŵĻңңҲ顣֮ǰԵǼң֪Ҽ޹ȥʲô³𣿡
ȻֱĸߵҪޣӣ֪ôõġ
ԼĺӣôܶԡܺӦõģ˼˵׼Ҫ˵һĻáܲãǾ㲻УİѼӼŮˣġ
ԼĺӣһС£Ϳƽ
ûԼĺӣһ㸶˼һܶˣԼ衣
ǳϱĳӡü޸ԾͦãӣȴãһʮⱾ¡
ԭбҵɫƾʲôҪвƲ޸һͷ
ƾԼҲ̫̫ǽʱз涼¶
ӣĻ˵װףиҲ֪ʱ͵Ǹ˳һ취ˡ
˳ǷӣٿǮھ˵˵ôɡ
꺿ޣôҰ˰ɣǼﻹʲôİѾǮˣﻹҪǵǮ
ӣжûϵ֮ǰˣҲ棬ٿǮôġ
Χ˱Ŀ޺Щ򶯣Ͼӣҵĺܺã˵ǴӵĶһݡ
»ץŴһҵǷɣоǲ̫ζ
ӣһ仰ͰЩŪˣҪǮⲻǻûҪ
˳һ껨١
Թԣسǵ˶
ǻдӷʳԼȥôܻô࣡
֮ǰ˵ҫѧУǶٶٰɴ⡭
ɲǣǰ꣬ÿѡ
˳ǰҲǡ

ûͬ˳ˣٿǮԼǮ
ǲҪ¡
иʵ˸˳ٴ򽻵
Ȼòٿ飬Ǻð죬Ӹӣɡ
˳ҵķӸǵ磬ֱӣҵưܲ٣õĻһһשҲûٹѣٿҲˡ
ˣӦ֮ʹ飺զܰǷ߰סĶ
ίĿһϷ˽֮Ҳˡ
ǰӣ
ǸְѼӣǸʲô
ӣ˵ǸʯͷҼҩƵġ
ӣһҧʯͷʲôʯ
ί˳˼Ƭ̣ҲͷŹ
ȻϸӣĽԻְѼҪ乫ġǿǵӣǸʿŮҧ棬Ǹߡ
ίܲһҧ˵ǹŶҪ߰ɣ
ǼʯĻҪѾ̫ͣˡ
ҪǣиеģһҩƲõĲҲʲô۵ġ
ôһͺֵܲˡ
Իǲٽ֦
˳ҪߣʶӣҪȥ󡣡
ҫڵǵܣ͵ͼ١
˳˵ĲƲѹʿŮ
˵С
ȻҲһëߵ¶ɣͲץˡ
걾ӣҪߣˡ
ٸ˳ͬİ·Ҳû˰˵ˣ˳ץߣҫڱץߣѵһڴӣ
иͳӣۻ͸ѡ
һ÷ӲӣĶһ֡ӣҲһǮȱһ㣬ҲԸֱˡ
ǴùָΪ˳ҫڶˣָʲôʱЩֶֻܴϿۡ
걾Ǵ˼иѡڳ˲ԥˡ
գ껹ѡѷ۸ӣ
ӣ֮ҲЩΪʲôԸӣ˷ӣֻȥסڴӵƷˡ
˪˳ҫˣҪļߵġ
Ϊ㹤ۻ緿һֱء
ӣȻ
Ҳǣ˳ҫڵĴ϶ᣬͿǼˡ
ʱ̻ãʱ΢㣬ԼλĸҪܡ
ϵǣֹˣڰѷӸӣ֮İͶûֱˡ
ӣſտյӣһѾ
ôˣҫڵĽ𣿣
˪ʲô߰ġ
ҫڵˣҳԾͬʱҲ˵˵Ķ٣ϵһͭǰʮֵ󣬾Ѳ飬ָԼﻹŲ١
ӣѵЩЩ
òҪ˰ɣ
ץҫڵ˵Ķ
ҫȺ˺ôҲû٣ҲŵĵδƵġ
˪Դ˵˴ӱˣ˵һҪûء
ʵϴǰ꿪ʼ֮ķ糱һ꿪ѾЩɶķΧ˵ЩطҲܵĲǰôˡ
ӣһԸɡ
ϣܰȫЩȥպá
ӣ˪²ǰԺǽ˰ɣߵķҲƵ¸ǡ
ŴǮһҲۡ
赽ʱס䡣
ססĿ˪ʱ϶ֶŵľͲǺܷ㡭
̫סЩ죬͵͵ġ
ӣȱȻ滮ԼҵԺӡ
ʱһԡ䣬ٿһСƬָѣʼϹ˿ϣһСƬֵ
ӣԽ˵Խ˷ܣ˪ǺЦĿ
û˳һңӣ˪ǰȵĹ˼졣
Ȼ˳ҫڵĴˡ


51 
ҫڵкö, Ǹŵһһµ飬Ȼں֮һ½
ҫڣҫں, Ǹڱץ类ͬԹ, Ҳ֪ԭ͵ƺúõģҼᶫĶŪ
һͬץǼûŵҲݣǴӱģɵǲƤ, Ҳŵ
˵ǲŪЩ, ǳܵ, µؽѪЩ˼ҲЩӰ˵ģ˵üһ̳Ӷͷ
Щ˶˷ͷ, סˡ˰취ܳ, ˵Ĺ࣬˵صİӰŽӦ
ȵһ, ;Ǹ, ˰ᡣ
ǶԱرϾ, Ͱи˵硣
һݴ
ʤϱ, ûþʹӱˣһ߰Ѷ, һҲǰѺȥ
µļʤԼҪˡ
쵼Ҳ, Ⱥһ, ԼȽûָ
̾Ͱѵҫڼˡ
, һﻹиӣڹվʱ
쵼һӣ˸ʮ͸ġ͸ũɻȥɡ
ҫڼҫеصһһļ͸ũҹǱҲҪףΪҫڲǸŵжŹܵڡ߶ø¼Ҫ
˵ҫڣ˵˳
˳ӣºܿʿŮٱռƲ
ռǮƷǽϴģϾӳģٿǮ붼뵽ۡ
쵼˳¼Ҳƣʱܰ٣˿а
ǸɲͥҲڻôġ
˳пвٿǮ˪Ҫһ٣ҫڱƭ߰ʮʣµǰЩ꿴˼ʮ˵ļʮ飬һĶھ껨٣
µ֮ԱǣǸ˼һ٣ǰ˼Ҷˣ˼ΪǳˡƭߵĹԼԼ𣿡
һӸɻУǵųֳɡ
Ҿ飬Ҷ֪ǰˮƽҫڣѧУӴִţϵѧء
֮ܶ˳Ųϡ
͸ũ
ºˣ˳ҫڶעδҪũɻʱڻزˡ
ˣҵĳɷҲҪģעԺӲ̫ù
꣬Ϣ֮ǰܻңʱҲûš
̫ؿڣصĺã
ڲžúԭֻ˲УǷˣĲжǴӸĸġ
һӣûһġ۴ĺڣĺͿ񶾣Ůĵ߶̳ˣĺֺͿҫڸǼߣɹȫҿӽȥ
ٻͷǰ˳ЩʵȻ˼ֿ¡ûκԥͰӣвƲ£ӣһ˼ҡֵܵľѹ˾㣬˼ҸԼ˵ţ
˱Ӧֱ쿪ۡ
ϧǣӣõĶʧȥı˵㡣걻˳һӿʹҲûյʲô
ӣȴѾ㣬ٿǮȻǱ˳ˣһٸ˪ҵķҲ۸ˣҲ
ͷ˳һҰסˣڵãˡ߶Լҡ
ԺӺϲʹ˺ܶˡʱԺֵ㻨ҩģ¢ԺǽϹ˿١
̫Ҳ˵ĺܣҪᵽȥס
ӣ˪Ȱȴдʣ͸һǽߺһɤǱ߾ˡ̧̧ž͹ҲճһԣɶҲ顣
ʵҲøСǰ̫ڡ
Ȼߣ̫ܾиﱲ
ӣû˼˵˪ǰȥ˸ϴһƤַʾʡǼģӣ̲ס룬̫ϣ⼸궼ʵˡ
˳һӵʧڴӵﲢû̫ϡ档
ϾԴӣֿ֮ҵĹϾһһ˳ҫһŸȫȥˣҲ֮С
ҫ͵ִ̰¡
Ǹ˳ѧģһһҫڣġ
Աڵᷳ
˭ܲģҫ͵µĸ͵Ҫ֪һֻȻһֻҪ顣
ǿɶµ
˼˼ڻĿڶţⲻصĺá
ǮջͳСģӣΪѹ
Ƽˣӣ϶رãҪи裬ҵĶˣҿ϶ҪԷġ
ǮΣҪ롣
ȭһģȥӣŪӳԡ
ӦеĹˣԵˡ
ǮջҵĴѾͶѾҲԾԾԣҲȥ
һֱлӣ㣬ӣãδػڵ
Ѿϳ⣬ܿСѣñžͳƲԵҲɰࡣ
Ѿʱ䣬ԼܳԱˣܴ½˻·ȻҪɻÿ컹ʦء
ѾҲˣԲԲƻϲȴѾɬӣǸʮֱ׵ĺӣ˸ӣĹϵáƽ񲻷ȥӣŶȥġ
Ѿԣӣԣ
ĵʱӣǸͳԵģǳء
ǣӣ˸磬տžͿſֻӶ˶š
һֻӵ»ѹֽŤŤ˸ӣڵ⡣
ӣЦˣȥСѵİο͹ģͷůůġ
˪װװһ뿴ӣֻӽˡ
ӣóһֻֻҲϰɡ
ǽҪһȥ
ɲȥҩĺ͸¶Ͷġ
ҪǣӣҪȥлҦ۾һҡ
˳飬Ҧļʱϵô졣

λֵֿͺܸߡ
˪׼¨һҪ¶͵ĸɽ˺;ѹ㡣һװ˼ֻӣɽ˪⽴
ȥҦ۾л
Ҧ۾ɫЩǿڿ˵仰
Ȼ֮ǰѾøҦ˵һ飬ٴӣ˵˾Ҧ۾껹Ǹؿڸ̾ⶼʲôݰİ˻ˡ
һ˫׶û˵СƵ޲ܰѶԷ˶ˡ
ҲܳƵ׹⣿
ӣҲͽȥˣҲٸǳϹϵ
Ҧ۾꣺õģҪһ㱨ӦûУŽ˺ء
ĵͶʱϤ
ӣٴлҦ۾İæҦ۾ס˵ҸͶԵ˵лˡͷ˾ңڰ˲ˣڼӡ
ӣͷҦ۾һ飬պȻҪ߶
ҲЩҩģٲã岻ʱҦ۾ιȪˮء
ȻβҲǿʡ
Ҧ۾ңȥ˳¶
¶һ˪صİϡ
ͽܣʵüĿˡ
¶⣺˼ˣҵš׼׼ȵ·ݸſ֤ɡ
˪һݵЦݣ⵹֮ϲ
¶֤һûУȥúʱżٰѻ©ˡ
ӣһ䣬˪𣿽֤ܿˣ
ʵڿ֤ҲǺܲ׵ġ
ҪйƣҪƼҪɷû⡣
˪ڣ䲻ƼûˣɷֻЩС覴á
ӣڱϣͷһûкõķչ
¶Դ˺зȨɶеͿճԷġտԣԵĵطɶ
¶˵Ϊ˸˪Ҫһ׼ҲǷ˲ٹ˲ġ
˪Ȼ̾óһ
¶Ƽǰһ
ѿ
¶ˣƽԶ̫ʻ
Ƽͽ¶¶˷ܵĴ֡
οɲڷˣ͵͵Ѷ׼ؼȥԼųԡ
õԼԿı֤˪ﳵˡ
ӣǰʱΪ˼ٿǮɽηĲѣǿҵԸ
ҲҪְϸ߹ʡ
˵ߵļʦһµĹʶõ߰ʮģһٿ顣
˪ԼһСĿ꣺ҪϿӣΪǮġ
ҩľͻشӣϵʱӣ۽Ƴһˡ
ŷĴҪȡ
ǸҪǸҪǱߵģϵǸ̫Сˡ
ȣȾͳŵġ
⼸µʵ࣬һ˶۵ĹǺͷˡ
۵ĲУٲõĲ
ӣ˪ѳͣڷſڣŽڵ˷ꡣ
һ磬˪͸ӣһ档
õɣ֮Ӽ㼦Һ͵ۣСѴż졣һн⣬뿪ˮϣѼĴŷŽȥϵϣҪǼһǣС֭Ũ
ѴŸϣٰСˡ
ŵζԵ˱ǣò߹Ҫűζ
ӣӾͿԣŨͳུţ֭Ũ𣬴Ÿۿɿڡ
ӣԵʹ죬ζͲĲС
ôһ򣬾кü˶ҪӣԵĴ档
˪֮ǰǿе𡣡
Ǳߵⲻ˷Ƿŵأ˪Ϊ˸ӣԵġ
һ˴磬ʮּУ¹ʲôζȸһ롣
ꤵʱŵôһζ˭ܿס
˪ǸϱСֱӱ˸ѼϼܡԿһţϸ²ˡ
лԾԱߣ۾ҪѪˡ
ղ˪ʱмһˣô򵥣һͻᡣ˭֪ô򵥵һ棬滹һǣ˵Ŀζƫ̵ģôһˣ
ôаţ˪Ĵһ·ϣڶ컹Ҫԡ
лԾУ˼Ҿա
յˣԣ
ӣ˴棬Ǯһݴţ׼ȥ̫Ҳ
ҲþûԹˣǽЩ
ӣŰõķлؼңս˴ھ˸ͨ籨š
ˣ


52 
ͨ籨ŵĻ𻨼ҵСŮ, ֽӻӻӣƼӣͰһߡ
ӣ, , Ҹ˵һ¡
ӻһͬ飬Ҳ֪ʱΪʲôķӸӣµİɡ
ӣ˶ˣ
ӻһ, ȥҴӳ֧ˡ
ӻӣϵ, Ϊ𻨵ĹϵҲǸͷ뵽ӣһ, Ϊ򱧲ƽ
ҪӣϷȥٻ
ҲˣȻҲû취ˣ
أ
̫ӣ绯, ű˿ûôõƢ, ǰԼӾٱ˵ᣬʰŹ֣
ӣû, 
ʵ, ӣеĿҲܺ档
ǻҪӵ, ֲסߴӣҲǨ, סɲµظɻʲô
˵, ѷ۸Ǵ֧иͬľ, ȥи, ôֵӣǰġ
ӣŷȻؼ, ˼ſھͿ̫ھһȺ̫̫ſڵš
ӣˣʲô֪ĻΪҪء
̫һСԺſڵһ̨һţǶȱ˸һأŸʻʦƵġ
ΧһȦ̫̫˽ͬʱʱ
ӣһʣһȺ̫̫
ӣѾͷţ¹ͷɶ㶼ó
ǣۻܽһ޵Ļ磿Ҳ
ﶼǺöҲǣ
ӣ̫̫һȻ
Աߵ̫̫ǻߡ
ӺͿҪ裬˲ѡ˭֪˾ȻٱҴСӣ
ӣʱˣ̫˻ͷء
˳ҫڶͽȥˣ̫ɴȥΪ˲޸˪Թȥٱ˵˳
֮ǰ˵µؽ磬ȻЩͥߣھٱֻӱᡣ
˭ûϺɽҰҰӣ˭ûɽϴҰӣ˭˵ԼûһСӣ
˵ɽ϶ӦǼƲӦӵġ
иһֱڵⷽ棬һȷʵܲɽźüӣĴӶڿɽɽԱɽǲǿԼҵԱ𣿶ҲڴҶӲùһһ۵ҪִвҲô
иܣζ¾ǺϹġ
˺ȥٱһӵĶҪԹ䡣
£֪Ǹٱˣжˡ
㲻޾ֱ˵˼СҲϱ
ٴĹﶼϸţ˪ĳ໹ãƴһҸҲ·ġ
Ҫ˼ң
ˣ˴ٱô£
Ų˳Ҫƣûôµİ
̫̫Ǹ̫ϵãǿӳġ
˪ĳĬԲһСǸģ˻顣ֱǡ˼ҵĺӡȺ̫̫˭Ľ̫
ӣһʹɵԶһʵãչ˻Ǯ
ˣʡʱ˭ȱʲôеϣ취ŪǰЩ߿ûȡʱżٻϵǽΡ
õһСӰ˵ڴѧʦоɻġ
Ϊ᲻Ը޸ֹƨ鶪˻˻ȥ˴
̫̫˵̫Զ˵ôһˣ˵ȥ˴㶫Ҳˣ
ģ
ӣô֪̫ܲĺޣҲš
뷨˰ҪΪԼΪۡ
˳ҵǮͶȻ˶Ҫܴҫ͵ǾǮٽȥ
أ
ٱȻҪе˱ӵĴۡ
ٱĴˣԼڱĹġ
ӣѼĹץ˼һľó̫̫ǿġ
̫ЩԹĿӣһۣ׼ưߵġϾķǶϱģ˳ӸӣĲܰѷӸᡣ
Ŷģ
һĹӣɱƾûˡ
ӣЦУģһһ
ԸỹҪΣ̫ˡ
ӣһֱýԹӲǺܺʹӡ
ʱΪԭ򣬼ҼҶӲùҲˣ̫̫Ƕð⣬һץһųԣķһڶûȥŮ
ӣͿ͵ĿĹӣҲҸС¡
ǵȵԼļſڣͿһ档
һȺ̫̫ҵſྐྵӣƤһء
ᱧһһӣһһȺ˶һ䡣
ϣ˭Զһû壬ⲻҵСѾͷʱǸɶѽ
ǻܵܵģǻչģ
˵ģ˼źأǴӻݵѽ

̫̫ǲƴڻŴ̡
ŵԶƢеĲղԣʮֵĲͷ
Զ֣ţҲˣȥǡ
Ϊ˴ŵ֮͸ǵġ
Զ裬˰ɣߡ
Ҳ죺裬߰ɡ
̫̫˵ǵżᣬСĻ׷׶ü
һɵûˡ
İҪ˼˪С˻ҵ˼ң˼һһţ
ҲϹҲסˣһ߹ٵȵȡ
Զһ˦־ˡ
᣺ԶСĽ¡
Ǵӵķãᵹǲĺܶ
ãٿӣɫͺܸˡ
⵹ǾӣҵķΣǸղڴ֧֪ӣ޸˪飬Ҳ֪˼Щʼĩ
ҫں˳ͽȥһ£ᵹǲʲô⡣ϾϱҫڲҲУسǵ˹ˣɲɣ˸ͽпˡǺѣֻӡ
벻Լ֮ӣȻ͸˪ˣ˪֮Ȼûж
Ը֮ҲЩʧ䣬ʧΪʲôҲ
ԼΪ˰ӣ˪նӣԵľŸӣԼΪ˲˪ٱ˽Խ顣Լڰ೵ϣǸý˵ӣһúü˳Ŵ˳ɷֲɵĶ󡭡
ӣעҪ˪һԼΪ˦˪ĵεʲô
ǲôֶΣһ԰ӣ˪һ𡣶Ҳ䵽Լǳ˰Ŀ˳ּң
ЩѾûдˣᱧżŮżӣ֪ԼѾѡԼ·
ҡ
ӣ޸˪ˣԺҲеǿӣ
𽥼ᶨԺģԾٹתҵؼˣʱԼܺԾһ˽µС
˵ʮķ֮ʵɶһЩģӴźӣпΪ
ȵԼ˲ƣӣһƳӹӣ˪ûжʲôһСжı£
뵽ǵȻʧҲûˡ
ǿ׳϶̫̫ǲмһˣתӣι
ӣྐྵأڷ֣۲˵ɫʵǸȤ顣ᣬֱʲôдţ˵ʱС糡ǽһ
ӣһɤӣ֪Ằ˭ȴ
˭ι˵ò԰лл
Լӣӣʱֹҧ޴¿ڵĸоˡ

̫ᣬ̫̣ûסſڶͿʼ
ιʲôιͽ㲻ˣֶ𣿡
ٱڻҵҸǰιιιģǲ̫ˣΪҺ˵
ٱٱ˹İ㳤̤˵ǰɣ㲻Ը˵һզģͷǵݺˣȥԵǸˣ
Լǿԣ۱˸
̫ȫ˸ˬ
һӾˣٱСһ£ѹûȥ
ɶ
͸ģˣעҪڼٱɶﾡúòã
ǱˣȻŭ
ϱ̫ദ࿴ᣬ̫ᷳ˪ĹȻû˵ճҲû
ɲˣɴͲ̫ǻԵ
̫鷳ȴҲûп
Ѷ̫ĵûһҲûˡ
ỹϱӵĸо̫һŭˡ
ʲôϵҸӣ˵أ
˵ˣӱˣΪʲôԼע⣿Ǿٱˣ˼Ϊʲôܲ⣿
һûôͿˣϱ޸˪ʱûҴһһҲֻǸ˼ͷһ˿˵ǲϵĽ
ͷ
ῴǿ˿ͷ˪ƽ̫ƫġ
ѧУˣڱҵѧУţÿ»üǮҪҪ
˵ǳϾţö࣬һôûУҲҴҿۼߣҵĵ˪Сϣ˪Ĺʻóһָ硣
Ķĵ˪ּңֻ˪ûԾô˵ǲԸ⡣
֪·ŵʱﻹ룬ô缸·ˣʡһҪǮ
⣬·֮˪ڴϢ׼Ķ
Ǽ˲٣ĸӵĸ˻һ֮ھûˡ
˼غϣȫһûвġ
˵ҾٱĶԲ԰ɣ˭أҲԩ
ϱӷ֮˲飬һҲϴξٱʲôһǵˣԾ˵¡
ò˵ǸϽ͵ĺ֡
ôһ̫̾ŭˡ
̫ҲˣҪֿᡣ
̫̫ǹţһæСŮһߣһᣬ˷׷ΧסģȰʵ϶Ǹɴײꡣ
̫Ұ˼ӡ
̫ǿе⣬ķʹ
ǲвǲв
̫ҪˣԵļ̫̫ᡣ
˼ҿƨ£˵Ǹѧʦоģ鱾˵ԼһСӶû㶢žٱмǽס飿
ԶĲ˵˳ҫڣԼ׵׵ܵܵƨɾͺܸɾҪҳɷ˵Լѿϵ
̫ͨ죬ᱩ۾ˣҪ񲡣
Ҵң
ϱ˪̫ûһָͷôҲ벻̫ڻ
Ҿʹôˣٱ㲻ôҵţٱҶӣ͸Сˣ
̫ȥˣţһ󶼱𷸣
һ⣬Щˡ
ǿԲںԼܲںԾӡ
һҪǳˣ̫Ա֮ԼҪô죿
ǿţҲ˵ӣ£
ͲӦùӦҸСӣйȥ
Щգ̫ǰǰһͷŲһǸϲġ
ӣڱϵˣղžһֱᣬѰ˼ſ̫·Լȥæ
˭֪̫ĸɴ䣬Ҳ˵ķɿ졣
ٺ֦ڣӣֱʵʲôǴĶҸղ˴ӳ˵ŵġ
᣺ȥǡ
ӣ
ӣĲˣܸԶȲǹףҲΪ˷
Ϊҳң
̫̾
˭֪ӣµأͿųҳ㹤֡
ȻˣҲЩҲӼ˵ϷĻӣӣӦ͵͵չǡ
ʲôϵأӣԼԸ⣬ǴӵĴ򣬵ûԸӣ
̫̾͵ģǴӳǶʲôӣ
ǣ̫˿ڻš
ҲòˣʣȷʵǸ񾭲
ĽżǱ֪ܱץȥ͸ˣʱһӾϱӵļ顣
һǹǴ·ŵĳҺͳˣϱӾΪǼ֣ֱĸߵİѿܳҵĲҪˡ
Ȼˣ·ŵҪôҲûҪġһûһٵĹšҪ˵ǵûСǲôģܹܡ
Ȼ󿪴֮ûãҾͲˡ֮ǰȱڳԵģͿȥииҳٺõġվûȻ
Ҳ֮󣬳Ҳز˳ǣһﰾš
Ǵӵˣӳи˽ҲٷһЩʳͿɽϵĶʹӵʳ
Ȼһſһ͸ǮˣСҳҡ
ѾˣԷڳҷͷ޵ǽһҡŶǸҪ׷ѳҹ˵¡
ûж˵ֻ˵Ҫѳߡ
֮ǰӳиóһָҪˡָǵĳģæչ˳
˶ŽָĬãǰѽָи
λųҲʱû˵ġ
غǸָ˳һûбļҵס
룬иҲûܳʲô֮ǰٱҲԵġ
׼ιһݣųҰѽָԼ
᲻ڵĶӣĶԼȥҲС
ӣţÿ԰οͷĳҡ
ӣᣬвȥΡ
̣ϱ㵽׻˸ʲô
ӣپ࿴һ۶ǶԼ̵Ĳء
ǲ֪ʲôԶһ㡣
ӣŭȥЩͷε̫ȥ
ῴӣԼ֮Ͳ˵Ҳ֪ӣûʲôˡ
ߣ㲻˵Ͳ˵ΪҲ𣿡
ᶥűԶߣʡ
ղ֮ǰѾȥϱӳҴӣȻⱲӳûס
˿٣ͷȱǮԳҵǸָҪ
׼õָȥʵʩԼļƻ
˵ļƻҲϱӵڶ¡
һĿΪ±Χ綼ͬ顣ϱӵߴӲֵĿ죬ʳȻмܱ֤˲ӡ
Ӿûôˡ
еĴӲֲʱǸաеĴӲ磬дֲֵֻ꣬ܲһ֣ʳֱӼ롣еĹ磬䰲ŵĲãضˡ
Щ֣˽ʳȱ
ȱķΧ£Ҳվųľ档
ͷȣ׼ᣬһʳԼԾĵһͰ
ĺܺãεľǰ˽һ¡ֱĵط⡣
Ҫľץסһʱ䣬Ѷڻʳȥ
ٿԷϺü
ҪʳǮ
˽ָͿ԰ѽָǮǸָϱûʲô񹤣ʹһֲڵĴָȥиʮʮˡ
óȥҲ١׼Ǯʳ
קˣȥʳסĶ
ӣȴûиϣֱϱӵľⱲˡ
ǲ֪ǱҪʲôԵˡ
һߣ̫̫
Ҹɶ
Ī׼ҧӣѾͷ
ǡ˵ǲײа˰
ҲǣҲûȣôͷҪһ˼衣
ǿĴģǿӶյһܣݰͰ͵ġͼɶ
˭֪أͻȻаˣǿɵЩ£ĸܸɳġ

ӣ΢ЦǴǰᣬΪȻں׵ġ
Ǹˣ
ţˡ
ĸӣ˵֪ǸɶĲ
𻨣ղŵӰ칫ң˵͹۴ӳҪʳ
ӣ⣺ɶʳ
ʳϵתżǱ
һʶ˵ı飺˵˳ҫڽ궼ɻˣǵĹֵýᡣ
ӣҪᣬҲҪɣ
һԣǺǣ϶ǲˡ
ӣһѹӣ
̸˴𣺡ҸǰŵģǰЩһ£ϢʹǱˡңҴĹҪ˳ҫ̫ˣΧӶ֪ˣҲˡ
Ȼһң͸˵ĵﶼˣȥ˵˳ҫڶȥˡңʱ˵һˡ
Ȼ꣬˵Ҳꡣ
ǿģ˵Ϊ룬ʵѹټһΣҪǮ
Ȼˣ̫ϹˣҲ١
ҸӵˣߵĲҪ͵õ㡣
Ҳ֪զȰģǰȰˡⲻ˻ûͿʼ࿴ˡҿҪ˶þ͵ýˡ
Ʋ죺ʳҹǲˣҲ˲ϡ
˵ְ꣬ѻ⳶صϣԴӳ˵ˣʳ겻ҪȵʳͿ˳һҵʳߡ
Ҳûܸ˰˶ɢˡ
ӣôִʳλŶû࿴ۡ·һ㶼˳¡
ӣ˸˺׼Է£һҪʳһҳҡ
ʼ磺˭֪ʲôûŰղڴӰ칫ңǸҪȥ칫Ҵ̨ϵҩƬҾ˵һǸž͸Ҫһ˵ʲôСôˣ˵ûġѵİģҪţСƨưҩ̶ˡ
𻨣治֪զģ赱Ҳȱۡʹʹĵ˳֣趼УһֱǺ衣˵ͼɶ
йĻ⣬չ޶ǡͼɶ
ӣˣ˭ŪԻ·
ϱӦûãһӾǿžҪˡ
ؼı˵ĻǻˣʵǿЦ
˭֪أϲСɡ
Ʋ죺ϲԼǵ˵СĻϥСǰ軹̣ϧ˼һǹк衣
ʱ˿̣ʵ˳ҳסĵط
׼ȥչյĳҡ
ȥ֮ǰԶһͰĶ˵һ飬ǲҪòã飬͸ǣһܵСӡ
ԶŤŤ֪ԼãСֱʱȻܷꡣ
Զٴһ㣬֪ῴúݾǡͬڿһžǮҡ
κ˱òˡ
ԶƵ˵õģ㡣
Ͳڷ˼ңû˰տӡֻܴһ顣
ʱûּ֮ǰˣûûҹİš
Ҫµظɻ֣мϴ·ҪűܡϻʱԶ򴲡˻Ҫɹӡ
ڶ̶һʱͰԼǰûôɹļȫһ顣
ҲΪʲôڼǮԭ
⿿Ծÿ¸ʮ飬ֻӣԶԶˡ
ԼˣָôҲõ֣
װģѿˮƤһ㣬óڴװ沢ĸͷ
гϱиǱҵͷϲŹܣʳҲǼͷ
οǷűģ
ܿóҸжİѽָ˫ַϣ
ἷ˼ᣬƿŵĴţſǻͽݡ
Ľ㰡Ҫȥˣʵǽ˲ġǴϼ޳ȥŮλҳòЩʳˡҸ͵㣬˺·ɱϷˡƣ⼸ӡ
̧ۣû˵ĻںҲ
ŵźð
ɫϣһһСӴСձ
һڵһСѾͷűմ
᣺ǣ˵õզһ


53 
ҡ񡢴ѾѾ
ͷ, ʮֽš˿ϾǰǮջ࣬мչһСƬ, ﲻȥ, ˽С֣żһκɽָ³
ΪıҲæһţҲûȥˡ
Ҷʮ⣬ñ׶á
էȻһʶŮžͽ, ҽŵĲ֪ڡ
µͷǳ, ֱӰѹѾǱơѾҲ, ׳ŵӰѹ£Լһߡ
ʮ־裺˭
һӴСĶᡣ
Ҳ°ôҲ벻Լֳϡ
ԼˣܿڴϲܶĳҺͿ޳˵ĳ
ǰһоԼһЦ
ȻݣҲֻвɫ, ûн֮˵ĺס
ձ, ǳԲҪӣ
ԱСģȻ, ˭
üͷ, ղһ
Ǹģ
Ļ, һζˡ
ôôúõأ
Ӧð
ôȫˣ
һ˵ŭˣвɣ
, Ǯջˡ
ǮջСŮñŹڱϣϻһ, ˵ţ, ҿš
ߵĽ, Ů˶Ǿ, ҲͬǱԵˣһϵ˵Ѿǽ׹ۡҲܰŮеõľͻһԡ
Ѿ󿴿ҿСİ붮ģǾͲȥǮջ
Ǯջž͸˸档
Ǯջȥ
ˣǮջʶҪĶ
ȴʧɫû
ΪʲôСˡ
Ů
˵˵ĹϵϱмֵĺܴСŮӡһЩ
ϱӵǮջСŮڶ죬Ҳ֪ΪʲôӦڿ֮ڶˡڼһһҹҲûӲһʬСûбס
Ϊʲôӡأ
ΪǮջµŮѾѾ
ѾͷǮջ͹ţΪûԣСǱ͵ԺȻҪɻ
Ѿڼ˼꣬˵һȳӡ
ѾԽԽÿŮҪüǮ˵˼ұȴѾ磬һ˼ѶѾɽҵĶֵֻܼȢһŵ˼ҡ
ѾȴѾ飬ֱӾˣ֮ǰҩ
ѾµҩǼҩû˸
⵵£ˣڴһ˵ǮǶַ˾˵ֱӾ͸ֵ
ӻлٿǮջѲģ
̲סĿֻţ֮ǰ߻ãһŷԼӡеһоȻȫһˣ
ûǮջûⲻӦð
ǮջͷѾըˣҲϳᣬ̾Ϊɶô㲡û
̷𣿻᲻˵
Ǯջᡣ
һƣ̫İӡϡ
ǮջԽԽӺùĺأ˵ã
ᱻıͷܣ˵İûϼ
ǮջЬ׷򣺡㲻ȥĺҸǰ˵ʲôƨأһҾʹһΣ
Ǯջ˸̫һ̫ô˵ҲˣûǮջĺãǲܲĶ
ᱻʹ̡
ĸʹ
ûָûָ
ǮջûζϱӵѾ˱仯
Ҳסˣգл֣̿ӾҪؼҡ
Ҫȥú룬һжΪʲô
Ϊʲôػһһжһˣ
ᣬǮջһڣŻصȥ
Щ˭ջ鷳𣿡
Ǯջмһˣӣý㣬ӣ󲮼ҵĶŮǸвģ㲻õġ
ǮջЩŲ´Ь˼ڣͼ޵Ĵˣ˭֪췸ʲô¡Ҫң
Ǯջ֪޸һӾ٣һѸŮģб¶Էˡ
̾Ҿӣ
ǮջһڣˬЦʲôûɻ¡ҲǸ
ȻӺù˲٣ǮջҲ֪ԼڴӵѾ͸˵ġ
ܹ鲻ŮڴѾĲãٲãҲӦҪ
ģܽ˾֣Ǹ
ֻģŮҪ˶þӹȥûôа
ǮջǰҲãԴ˻飬ס֮Ӵ˾ͲǴϵЩǳҳӣ
ʱһǮջ˼άҲĸı䡣
ȥЩһ˵ǮջҲòˡ˵˵ľϣ˵˵ֵأ˵˵Ů˼֣г˵Щɽҩġ
ӱǰ֪˶٣
ɱ˾ͻͲ·˵Լúǿš
ǮջİײϺƤм䣬һͷʣµԷǮǲģСŮŮӪǮջɴҧҧӣӪĶ
ϺƤӣ˪æģ⻹еǡ
ÿʱǮջͷһϺƤӣ˵ˣԲơ
кҲÿһһӶȵ㡣̵ģҲǲ塣
ϺƤײմͷҲζ˶Եĸ㡣
֮˵Ϣӵ飬ûбİٴռݴҵĻ⣬⻰й֪ǡ
ò˵֪ס֮ǹϣһƬϵء
֪໹ãȽʵ֪Ǿͺͷˡ
𻨶ӣ²ۣһãסŮ֪඼ģҲܴҼҵӻ
ӻǴΪĻѧŮӣ𻨰Ů͵ѧѾǴϵࡣܾŮӼһҪ飬һ飬ӣģ·ܺһ㡣
˵𻨼һŮһˮƽӶбҵ˸ʱɻСǸȻũӵĻˣСǸ飬ǸŻƣҲȽϿСᡣ
ӻҲбҵˣûٶϾ̫ء
Ѱ˼ţ֪ǶǴطģܸӻ˵˵еļʶŮӰҪмʶȻȥ˱ƭ
˭֪ͷĺãס֪ȴ
𻨴¿ˮ컹ã֪ӳǸᣬķˡ
Ӳ극һ룬ɻû¾˵ܲס
ˣǰҼӻ˵ɶ֪𣿡
ʮԼϣͷ˰α˽
ӻ˵ŮӿԼеģҪҸˡ
⻹Ǵأһũ帾Ů磡
𻨰Ůȥ飬Ҳǲͬһ׵ġ˵¼˺ҪŮԼҲסָˣԼеܹͣĺá
ճŮĶӣʾ䲻˸Ȼ෴ģ˻Ůʲô
˵ίĿޣ޵ʱǸڿˣھ˵һѵƨ˵ʵڲУҲҪ۸ᣬԸỻط
𻨣ҼһŮһ֪ס
ûھŸϽ֪ˣЩ֪ǶϽȥס
ӣڱСĥĥҩҲֻЦЦ
ĽѣͰѿѷһ֪࣬Լסð۲ĲˣֵǶ֪໹𣿡
ӣ˵ƻúõѽ
ƻǮǸʵģ˴һҲͺƻȻ㣬Ҳܰݡ
Ųٹȥúõġ
̫ϷˣϰģԷӿأ岻ʱȥ鿴£СٰѷӼҾ߻ˡ
뵽ģļ֪൹е㿴ֵ
˵𣿻˵ԼֶŮ
ӣ治֪£ͣͷСҩĥô˵Ը£
֪Ҫȥ֪࣬飬Щ˲Ҫ߲أ
Ṇ̀ϴֱ˼ңеҵף˵ùܰŪȥ㲻Ūȥ˼ҲδҪ°
һԣ̲֪ôģûоܾɴࡣƾţ⼸һԼֶŮȥ
˭һ֪֪࣬һʹĴһܣ˵סһ飬֪಻ϴš
˭ȥӳǶ˵鱨Ҫ˼ס

ûֻճʲôϡ£֪ǵͱҷȥ˵졣
֪ǵĻһֱ˽£ֱʱӣѾʼ׼Ե졣
һ磬˪͸ӣ緹ʰɾ༷ãӣҪ·ڴͷ
ӣԵɵɵ˪ôûȥϰࡣ
˪ˣ쿼ԡ
Ŵѵӳһʱ䣬ֱҽ֪ͨӣͿʼĸˡ
ӣһϽôˣôң
˪һ㡣
ӣ㷹Ǳߵô죿
˪ӽӰģлԾ
ӣͷһѸϴͿʼ緹
õζĿڸһ¾ͼ糿ζ٣峴Сһͣž㡣
ѵݳһһȫǴ׵࣬滹˺Ƥϻһõļ۵ļһЩϺƤ
һ͸⡣
˪㿼ҲҪǻ˵ţ⣬ȥ㣬ԡ
ӣ϶ͨԣ˪ǾǸ£Ҫף
ӣţ⣿̻ţⰡ
˪иӵţˤˣ˵˽ȥ̵ġ
ӣʱˣżȻţŻóƽûеġ
㡣
ѵóһţ⣬ӣߵ͵öԼ
ˣ߲˵ҲķҲܳˣҲһš
ˮţ⡢ţţ
ӣ̲ס˿ڿˮҿ϶
˪ӣȥԣӣµʱ֡
Ϊ쿼Ե˾Ȼ
δȻڷﻹӣǦͷ
ҺǵܱĺãǾӦ
Щһ£ǿϳŴˣǳԼùҲҪ̬
Ҳǽţʱ򣬾Ϳ˭ˡ
ӣνȻԵõĳһ˪Сʳպ˼ˮ
ҽֱ·˼ŰֽʲôûС
ڿʼԣ˵д
ҽĳֲ֢Ӧʲôҩ˼ҩҩԣǿ˼ɷйڽķ
Կ껹ʵʲ
ҽ˴ȥҽң˼ƤĲô
ЩƤˣӣľĿİͰͣ϶ûʲôëΨ淣̫ʱ䲻Ͳ֪ʲôҲŤŤ
ҽѾѼ˴ص󷿼䡣
ʱһҽӣҳΪ˳ҽ˶ѡˡ
ӣ֮УֻЦЦ
Ǳ޴ľϲУ˵Ĳ֪ôá
һҲûѡϣҲ˲ǰĻԣȥͰҽΧǿʵġ
ǰ󵢸ôãĻûôɣͻ
ǲܣ
ӣȻǸ߸뿪Ʋ죬ҲȥҪ˵˭ûأ
νתӣߵĻ硣
Ҷӣʹɫ㿴
ӣӦ֪Լܹ
һͺܲġ
ңȻˣڰˡ
ӣô죿Ŷã
һһѾı飺Ƚϸӡ
ҰԼ֪й淵˵ˣ֮ҵ˱Ǹӵ򡣵أҲ֪Ǻǲ˱ǣǰʱǸ˺öꡣ
ңǶΪҪƣ˭֪淹ݵģֱȥ̽Ǹˣ˵Ҫ飬֮տӡ
ӣԷͬɣ˶ˣѼҵӶи淣ͲԼʲôס
ң˭֪˵ɶǰеĸ˵ˡ淾Ǽ޵ңŸޣûҲû룬µ֡Ҳ֪ͼɶ
ӣ棬深ֵһҪǲҲǸһˡ
ңˣͨˣҪؼҸϢ
Ҹӣڹϵ˲٣ңͷҪò׼ģܹȥ𣿡
ӣ԰
ý
ӣصң˪ѾţˣѪһţ⡣
ӣ²ţţ⣬ţһţǷ
ûʲôȳԳԳԸҸ
ӣ⣬ͷǷѡ
ȥ֮ԽԽòԣ;Ǳ߲һʣǮջӣģӣҵĻ
Ҳӣŵģ˺úõġ
ӿһ²⡣
ԼӣǲҲأ
нƣߴӶȥˡ
ӣ̲סĻš
룬¹ӣǲģڱϾѾ޸ԾˣһжѾ˶֡
ֻҪԶԶܿӻ
֮һ
֪ԼıǮ˺ϻ
Լҵ˲У˶ɢˡ
ѡֻһ
ƼƼ


54 
ӣ̨, һڴĵŹţá
˪Ĩͷϵĺһţ⣬ӣ뷨һţ, һˮţ, һ㰴ӣ˵гڣųһС
ӣӵнˮȥȣȻӵУ磬֮Ūһָ塭
˪ǸʲôԷ, ڲӰ, Ū滹ƤûƤ
ӣ˵Ϲѧʱͬѧ˵, кŪһмпȻмϵ㷬ѰĽĨϣһԡ
˪ܺóԣ
ӣóԲ, ⲻǳԸ
ϾöԶ볢ϱӵʳƷ, ҲǺ⡣ֲ̫ͣҪ, ҲǺܳһԡ
ӣڱȻӸ, ϵײҶ, ѼõţŽȥټϵըƬ, ǰ
ٺ٣ţ巽
ӣźţ巽, ȸ˪һڡ
˪, Ǹ, ƽʱ보ը忾˵, ʲôʱһĳԷһ㼼ûС
ӣֺǺǣɲûʲôһʽɶͼľǸ١ټըȻϳ͡
һڣ˪Щȡ
ţϷѽĲҶӣ˿ȻʿڣȻĿڸУѳԡ
ţ巽ӣ˼Ľģǲ̫ˣô˪ĳɷӣӣÿɷ񣬷ҲԣԼҳԣֲóȥҪǷǲ̫ʱ䡣
ӣҧһڣģģ˵ŪƷƷ
ĿͳŶԣǽеǷȱ
˪һȥվǱţ̡
Ӷùţ̵ĻûУָ궩̣ûеġ˵ǳܶţ̵ļͥҲǺٵģֻһֵĸɲָͥ꣬ͨɲ׼
վˮţʿܲˮţ̻
ӣ𣿣ը̣
˪ѾӣĶ֪ôĳԵˣ֮ӣǻһЩûʳÿˣζ

ըʲô
ӣǰһ㼦¹ը
ϲˣ
˪Уը̡
̹ըܾӣ˵ըһͺڰԼʦĵ˪ʱҲˣԼ
ӣɲ֪ԼѾд˪ģһԹȥĿġ
ȵв˳̫Ҳˣ˴һ
ӣûи̫쿼ԣǲ˸ġһ˵Լͨˣ̫ʮ־ϲ
ˣҾ˵ӣѾͷһôõıҪǹˣǿ϶Ĳˣ
ӣЦЦû˵ǣȰһ˼ǹԸһлҽߡ
ȻӣѧҽԸ룬ܰӣȥһҽ
ӣǾܾˡ
סĵط빫̫Զҡ
һߣϾû˿ˡ
ھô֮ӣҲԴһЩԱ˸顣
;ԼڵѾ룬ֻҪһȣʵʱиӿһƬҩԱǵһЩ
ԼҲܻ˪ְӦÿԵسǣҲȥسҸҽĹ
ӣ뷨˪ıϣ˪ﻹǮջʱĽأھ;Լõȵӣһ֮ҪСʱ϶ǿӣԼԸȻӣȥҵչ˪ȫ֧֡
Էˮţ˻ƶѿͶƤ㣬һͣ׷ϣ;ͽȥֱð
ţ⣬֭ˮţ⣬ţˣò壬Ũ֭ʮ·
ϻһСײˣһ走
ӣŲ˳׷ѵóһ⣬˪׷涼ˣǰĴ׷ţ⣬֭֭ݷҲóԵĽ
һ٣ӣ᣺֪´γʲôʱˡ
˪ָȦǲҲʱˣ
ӣͷˣͷѾıزóƣһ·ٽȥġ
ӣʱ䣺ǲˡȵ¸µ׾Ϳߡ
ʱҲռڣʱ򣬴Ӳ˼ѾҹԤˣӣ⵽ʱҶҪ㡣
аԵõģ˫ʱҪ̱
ĿǲҲǸʱ򣿡
˪ĶʦҲüˡ
˪ǣʱӦسǣʦҲڣҪҪҲȥ֣
ӣʮĶҲȥ
ֳǲܸųԺóԵİ
˪ΪȥĻ̫УʦӦڣԸȥǰ˵ʦȺڹȥæල֪ڻûС
Ⱥڼල
ӣ˲۾
ȥ
ɵӲŲȥֺ¿ѵ
С̶˰ţڱǶٴеĿ˵ĸһ
ͬʱǧĴ
ļĵطͬʱǺδȥʱ򡣿ݲƬɪ
ǧԮߵǶųͷһСũеǷ֪࣬еǱԮߵԱвٹɹ㿪ˡ
Ⱥм䣬ϴı£ڷֵСǵ顣СȥģѸһƬʯ
ȻδһƬ豸͡
һ黨ɬĽһСֽ˵һܵ
̴һȤ
ϣǴѧϲðͰũһ֦ˡ
ҲСӳĺãҪǻңҿ϶ܻӭ
Ϊɶأ
Ϊұ׳
ʹɣ˼СͲ׳ģϲġ

һ㲻գЦǺǵİѼԱи귭˸ۡ
ѧôˣǸһߣĻûã˵ˣľһãðɡ
һʮۺ첻
ųͷһûñ˵һ
˵˸ˣÿֲԺȣ˭ί
⻰еָˣûţ˵
Сׯ˵ɶأɱͣ˼޻ῴ֣𣿡
ǰ˼ã˭Сίġ
Ǽ˼СŮ껶ӭ

Χ˵ĻǸСׯĸ˸
Ķ˵ˣǷ˴𣿡
ǵ£һܲũҲͲܡ
蹷һҧԼҲˡ
ǴĶģôģȻˣҾͶǽ߽ˣָңҪȻȥųҸò˾͸ͻȥ
ͿɲһСׯµͷܡ
һĳϲ˴ΣȻһŻصᡣ
յᣬͿŵͨѶԱѾһˡ
ۼ⣺СׯָĶˣ
˵žĽã¾͸һΡλôһ
Сׯ챻ѵһ٣أͻȻҲǲ⡣
˱߽Щ֪ǣֻĸĸϣÿĵĶҲࡣ
ǹģôһʳˣҾ˵ܻʳĵطüĵġ
Сׯ˵ʮִ
Ψһʤĵطˡ
ʲôãǼﲻϵ֪Ҳûʲôͥһ֡
Ͳһˣ￴أ˵Ūȥġ
ȵʵԱ߽Сׯ̴Цӭȥƣô硭
ȴûаѰݸֵĿһۣẰİ
·һ٣ҵģ
ƣ㻹˭ϽãˣҪǿָ࣬һ
ǲҲܲµʱСׯʮѿˡ
ӹİһӾ͸׹ȥԱߵŵĸϽæ
һ̧ۣСׯѾſˡ
򿪰һ˱ǵĳ棬Щɻ⣬Ī
ΧҲΧüһСӼﻹеӵģ㿴͵ľϴһӡ
óһ㳴棺ǾͶų
´һ׳棬ˮֽ
Ա㣬ʾͿʼܵдš
˻ȻûϵܾܵȻôͼĶܹϵˣԼдд
˵ֵҲڰæԷ˺üϵĳɷֻֽ棬ְ⣬뵽߽֧Ԯ֮Ȼãǻܹȥ
ΪҪǣ֪ࡣ
ͺˡ
Լһһ֪˪ο̫Ҫǣҡ
һһůĲǷḻࡣ
ĸɫ߲ջˣ˪̾Ϳʼɹɲ̲ˡ
Ǹɲˣջ֮ɹɣĸװƤٷŵĵطšУҲɹһĸ֥Ҷժɹɣȵ½Բ߲롣лƻˣܲɡ
˪û࣬ϾǵȵǴľ缸̳ƹϺײˡ
ĴٶⶼǸֲ˸ɡ
ӣĿࣺ˹õ׼ô𣿡
Ǹɲ˶ƤˣܳԵ
˪ǳԵģʦġ
ӣʱˣǻس͵ķݶֲ˪ԼصĶŴǱߵļֵܻһ߲ˡ
˪Ĩʲô
ӣǼ価Ǹɲ˵ķҷϢͳԸӰɡ
¹ӣǽͣټһԼĻƶɫ±ˡ
±ڵϣӴ±档
ӣҪȥں̫Ϳ̫ɫǺܺõĴ߽
ӣ裬ôˣ
̫ûģ֪ࡣ
Դϴΰӣͼ°ȫ֪඼סңӣֱѹ˻ȥ֮ӣͰ¸̫
Ͼ̫ǻӣ°᲻ģ̫Ǳʹ
ᵹûֱȥ̫ǿʼ֪Ƕʹˡ
ǰʱ̫һᣬڴϺǳŵˣ˺һӡ
֪Ϊʲô¾Ƴ˵
̫ѵ˵˵ȺСզôֱ׳Լķӣûҳ乫ƾɶ͵ͳȥһס¡
ؼǣ̫˵µǽںһ֪࣬С˵⻰
һӦӡ
̫ȻţֱӸһһۣûǡ
̫϶ǰ˵ģһڣһСҲߵý˵Ѿͷôô࣡Լס㣬ҪһȺ֪඼Ҫס
ӣҲüͷ˵ˣ˵ס֮һֱϰߡ˵Ĳ֮ԼԼһסһŴ
̫˼סȥҲܸ׼һŴƻͽһһŴΪиڣҪסȥƾʲôҪð죿
ӣعסȥʵڲҾȥҴӳ˵õľһҷּ֪࣬Ѿֺˣʱ˵һҵķӰ֪ȫȥĶĵ
̫ϱ˵Ҳеˡ̲סǸûӵĻǰǵ˺أÿǡ
˴һ磬ǽп˶ܲ˵ĳ̶ȡ
̫ڶԽھʮϡ
Դס𻨼Ѿ֪һ֪ࡣֹ̫һοǴߡ
˼Ҿû£԰Ծӡ
ӣĳ̶ֳϻܹģ˾ͲǳҶȥģҪĲǸʵĺô
ڵĺôեĲˣȻһֱϡ
̫˵ͷ꣬ҲҵԼûðסԼңôܵסȥٲ˵¶ˡ
һڳ棬ء˿ʼš
˪ȥţֻͷ̧˽Űӵ졣
죺ӣ°ɣ˴ܣŴžˡ
ӣһһȻǽڡ
ǳϲԣߵ͵һ䣬how old are you
ô㰡


55 
̫ڱϿ, һǽڣһȻǸһΪʲôѷӶ֪סǸꡣ
Ǻǣǰ˻ͬ°, žʹĲɿ
̫ﰵˬ, ã
ӣǰ˷˷Ƥ˸顣
ͼ̧֪ڱϿţ֪۽ȥ˪
ӣԼ˵壬û
ʵ֤˪Ĳ⡣
ӣ˰Ū, ˶Ӫ
ʲôεİ, ˾ûԺ, εġ
ͷԣӦðסһ֪඼ûӪ
סһ̣סڻƼңһ֪סһ˴Ӻü֪ǿ
̺ǿ˶ȥΪֱҪǱԱ, ôܲ˵أ
ǿҲԱվ, ղž̧ŽģҲüͷ, ⲻ⣺ס, ƽʱԵĺȵĶǾġ
Ϊ, ֵҲ࣬ú, ֵҲû飬Ե沢ȱ
ӣҲ, ҲòǱԱǿ˿ˡ
֪סȥ˼ҶȽӼͥ, Щ˼Ҿǲ, ҲڲҪ֪ǵĳʳ
, ̫˵˾乫
̫һӣԱ϶ǰģǣԼвǵÿ˿Լˡ
ӣ˲ˣٿںһ֪ͳͬ顣
üһ̥ƽֶιߵİ
ȻҲһ㣬벻̯¡
иɶ֪ŸŮ֪ڣ׵Լˣ
޻˰ɣ
ӣǻǰ̧߰ɣˮ͸һ㣬Ъһͺˡ
һ֪죺ûˮ𡭡
ǿ̾ȥקǸ֪࣬Ļϡ
ӣЦЦҼаҪҸ͸ˡǰǰ˵ҪһȺ֪඼סŵķŲסǾ򲻵λžΪ˶˰Լ˿ˡֲǵ裬ɶǣ
ӣȺ֪ɫǺڣҲµסҵĴǲ֪඼ֻ֪нں֪ҲЩ˶֪ġ
ǰסԺȿɫ֪ǵסȥأ
ӣͷ죺ӳ˵Ҳ˵ǣϾҲǽġ㿴ڵɣǾ߲վ֪ģ¹ܽն٣Ҳǵһ⡣أǸ˷ΪǾ򲻹Ĳࡣ
Ҫ˵Ǹ򣬴ͷһʼͱӺ˶԰ɣ˻ҪԹ
챻ӣ˵ɫǺ죬ȷʵԷ˵һЩĲ֪ں֪̫˰
֪϶ŵġ
ӣӳ֪ǧǺܼѵ飬ǲܴӦȫסżңǻǻ˲ġ֮ǰǲſŷӲסȥǻҪӸǳԵǲǻиıԹ
ӣһ㶼԰ᱧϣԼû˵ܹĶű˳档ɼǸ̰Ĳġ
ҪЩȫסңȵ꣬ǲЩ֪ᶼԸˣ
죬䶼ġ
Ĳ֪ô죬ȴҲ֪ԼӣĻģûʲô˵
ҲǣνںһƲӳߣѾ˵ʵҲܲסЩ֪ࡣ
һ֪ĸ˭ԼԱҪ
ǻᴦõġ
ӣþգǾллˡ
ڰŵӣ˿ܡ
Լʡ˿˳ԣԼһ
Ĺ
һȺ֪ͷԵĳӣҵţ˵֮ǰЩ˻һЩʵʵĻ룬һҴסҺ
Ǿûͷ
ӣĻ˵̫ɴֱ࣬Ӹǲܡ
֪ûָҲʵʵȥԱˡ
ߣ˼֪ѯþͰǰŪˡ
ᡣ
ĲУտʼһù˭֪ûþ֪ꡣ
Ͷʱ򶯲εĴΣÿαҪӣͣ˾Ƶתѣ˵ԼǵѪûԺãεǴëҲԸ⿴ҽ˵ԼûǮӣë
첻ֹһԴ֪Ĺﻮָӣβ
ǰǲɿڡ
һĶܿ˼
˼Ҿǲɻ˵֪ӳһɵĻơ
첻εûôټζˣ˾𻨿ͷٵŮξͲˡ
ǣῴ·ͨͿʼѡԼ
ǸɵͲ˵ˣļʮҵӻ˰ϡ
ʱֻһⲻǸȱٵģǽһ˻Ʊȥ
ŽڵǮĲˣͲٸںܻİʾ
Ǯֻ֣ͶʱŰɻʱʱİԼĿֳ͸ᡣ
һϵ֪ҲˣҲǰŸɻſʱãǮͻˣܸҲͿ
ɣ֪ﻹԵÿϾȻ˺ôһ㶼©ģԴ֪඼һ̬ȡ
Ů֪ߣҶ󿴵
ɻɻУ˵Լ岻ãɿҽֲȥֻ˵Լ̥Ů֪ǸŰߣ˭Ҳ
ŲЩŮ֪ô룬ֻеҪֺãϾָŴЩúôŮ֪ࣿǸԼǱھ֡
ã
ԽԽɴ̧˵ļ֪˵ǻȥ֪ͨ£Ͽᡣ
ȥˣúһ֪ӣҶѹǻҲû⡣
ɰȥ֪ӵĶṷˡ
֪࿴춯𣬸ҲŲӲ˵
ֻǿãָŵϵˣô죿
ӣ˵ˣùˮ
ֲ̾զܾôûϢԼΡ
ȥƻɣ˵ǴӼ廧ϲһ֡
ƻס̫ҵСҲ֪õһ
ƻһ˵£Ⱦ£ȻЩŭͺ¡
ŭǾЩ̫˵ĵģҲ֪᲻̫
ָҲȷʵҶסЩ˰̫ˣ̫᲻ͽϳȥ
ƻһСǣҴҾȥͨϢ
㣬ô찡˼סǲҲҪȥ
ƻᣬסĺ̫ǵҪ󲻸ߣΨһǲҪѼļҾŪˡ
סһؾԼСӣǮ͵͵ȥ⣬һ˳ˡ
ƻɿǣ͹θ̫̫ҲͶұһԼҳԵСˡ
С˪ģͺͰ˱̲ˡ
ƻžͰԣﶼ롣ǽţ޲ȥ˪ƿͼĻؼңİ趼
ƻ㣬˵ô죿ҪҪȥ͵񣿡
ƻã̲ˣǾͻǰôദôƽʱ͵ʳ̲ǻǨŭˡ
ƻʱˣ˵ôôҽȥ£ԼҲòʲôðб˿Ů֪ࡣ
ԱǿǻǴЩĻ˵ľأڰἸͣЩԱҪôЩ֪ࣿ
᲻֪ǶС˼ࣿ
ľˣƻغࣺܶǵòʲôãǶҲûлֳˣһڱ˴ˣҲƲ塣ŲţϿᣬ϶Ҫ֪顣
ƻɣǴҶ֪ʱ⿴ںһ֪Χתѽ
ЦЦתôˣûץѱưɣ϶׳ȥֻԼ
ƻŽɣϵ֪ᣬȴǸ²һޡ
ᣬ޵Ĳѣ֪岻ã˴ңҶҲô˳ۡûߥ޽֪֪ȥҵ鷳
ͱˣ˵Ϊʲô֪֪Ŀָˣ
ᶼͣģ޵ҭ£ô֪֪֪ǰԼĿʡҵİҶ֪ҵĿǶ١һΪǼ֮ĻమҴСֻһܵܣûи磬뵽֪ͥǰѴҵҵֵܽġ
׼ǱĲᡣ
ƫƫиڱϴԸģֻһ죬ûҪȰҪúóԷҪǸͶ
һ֪൹ǳĬˣһɵÿζƴ˵ҪĴҲûƾʵڰԼǸˡ
֪ౣֳĬϴ
üģ˵˵Ϊʲôܡ
ܸΪ˰˰ɡ
εĳĬˣ֪൹ɫ࿪˿ڡ
ھҲҪ׷ŰܣңԶһ㡣
ڣҲذ£СӲҪ
֪ɫÿ׷ŰܣҲǰʾϣ·
ĶǱʾøеף
ڲǲҪ׷ű˵Ķܡ
쿴᣺˵˵ɡ
֪Ϊܣܸø˵ɡ
˽һˣôʹ˭ҲԼĶ
Ҫ
᣺ҡҲ֪ҶͬһģӦûﻥҲһֱѽ֪֪൱翴ġ
⻰ΣȻλɸ磬ǰɣһ˵ŮƤġ
֪Ͳһˣ֪ǺһŤͷȥ˵
ҧ촽ĲУôһŪ֪϶ǲϹˡ
Լƽ׶ôһ㣬ʵ̫ϧˡ
쿴ˣҲ˽취ڣģʱͽصĻƣ֪ҲҪͶ֪࡭
쿴һ޹İᣬҲ꣺֪࣬һֵͥܽáûأ˭ʳԣעһϸڣ˸Ҫ㶼𣿡
ûʵ֤ģֻô
֪ɫÿͬ취
Ȼ˲СĿ֪࿴Ա߻ڰοᲢҶŭӵĽڣԼôһѧܿΪˣҲˡܱԼȫᣬٷĺá
ڲԸ֪м˵һҲֻܴӦ
Ŀ˸Ļʵڲô費ܶ
ǰҲӦˣĲã֮ǰһֱûйˡ
˽ɢޱȡ
ӣ̫֪Ǹѹȥ̫жˡ
ֵȣɽһһƬĲݵҸһ˨ԼڱҳԵġ
ǣӣյԳͶι
ݮ
ӣ֮ǰͽɽĶò׼ľͲҪԣ˵
ʮΪҪӣҩģϾʶֲá
ӣҲ˵õ˺üϡĲҩ
εݮžϲ޵Сعʵ
ɳ񻹽ӣ˵ĲԣǾͰݮӣ
ӣϴһָԣʣµȴˡ
ǹӣһҩư׺Դβ׺ͻ㡣
ʮϡ棺ôСӣ
ӣЦأһһ㣬ûؼңһֵںޣһɹƽʱóĵطнⶾЧҲǴģ档
һȣϵķգӣѾ˺üҩˣԼܱ߶һȦֹ첻ʲô
ͬʱʱҲǼ߷壬ȣԻ˶ϰ߲ã׵¼ȾˮԴɾҲᵼһ̶ϵűġ
ӣݮЩ˳׼ȥ˵һ˵ᡣ
ţˡ
𻨲ԼŮӻ
ǰˬʲͬЩ˼
ӣýݣݮֳһСѸӻԡ
𻨣ӣѾͷҾֱ˵˹ϴ˵ǸԱҪҼӻܲУ


56 
ӣЩԾӻԱ
𻨣ɲզ, Ҿýڼ񣬸ɶҲǵȥѧա
ӣЩɣǽԱĹ
ӣʲô, ʱձ鶼ΪԱĹҪѾŮ
δС, Ҫָĵġ
𻨼ȻŮȥԱȻǿǵء
дʣɶˣСҲģҾ;ýԱãǮ, Ҫǻ㶫, µ, ҲǸܰա
𻨲˰Ȼ֪ӣ˵˼
¸ŮӣܵǼѪǲ˼ұ, Ҫ˼Ҽͥڲ˺, ²Źʮġ
δС˵, ǶԽ޲ôԡ
𻨾, ɶ, Ƚӻ࿴ʡ¶޳ȥ
ӣһ, ȴȥӻӻԼǸʲô뷨
˵컨׹, ÿֲⰡĸƾѾҽ, Ȼ, һһҲǺġ˵Ҳ˵, һձ鶼ǳһȥࡣ
ӻӱ٣𻨵ĶĿȾ֮ҲǸ͸ˡ
ӣʻ͵ͷӣ㣬ġ
ԵлӰ
һӣһǰᡣóȽ˵ӻûôԥӣ
ӣһһգԼСңӾӻһũҹˡ
ӣĸŮ˶ܻҲʹӦӻ͸ҩģȵЩѵԱ͹ȥԡ
ʵ¸ϵ󣬳ŴͽԱ¼Ƿֹܲͬͬ¡𻨼ȻȴŮӣʣǿ϶ӣŮָҲ˳ͨԣϽԱ
ӣһӦ£𻨸˵Ĳ֪˵ʲôá
͸Сȥѧһһ˵ûУͽ֣ⰲʲôȵĻҼﲻ£ͽ˲ˮҪæҲʹʲôĲλģֱѵ
ӣʵڣҪǹˣ϶ǻ·ϡ𻨾ԼʮãҪǹѧɲǰˣ
ӣһʦҲʹõģȻʦɵǺ
Ī˵ǾᣬڣѧҲҪǰİʦѧġ
ûĥӣʦҲû˳˳汾¡
ӣ˵ģҲǰŴˣ˵
𻨣ӣӡһֱܺãԼոͻĵһΣ𻨾ǰ˵ȻǴӸ̨ԸĽǶȳģӣʢ顣
ӻҲʮּ̾͸ӣ±֤ӣ㣬һúѧ
ӣţ㣡
ӻбҵֲ˵Ҳ͸ӣҲãܲһֱûнԱϾ͵ˣʱӣһҶô죿һ˼תҲܹ˹
˵ӻ飬ӣԼ뷨
Ͼ͵ȵʱˣѰ˼Ǵӿδѷ£Щ߲һŶҲôҳʲô˲ɾĶֶӵ
ӣû˵ǣý꿪ıͲǸ¡
ⲻ˼ά£ֶװ߲
ıΧСζ֡ҵĲǷׯڣҲЩݡûдãһȾ߲˳ź£˭Ҳ˵᲻ᴫȾ
ӣҾҪ˶ãҲÿչعǰѹǰ棬ΡСӣɽҳԶҲȡڵϰ߽
ӣĻͷǸ°Դӵ˼ҶãǼкӵ˼ҡȷʵֹӣ˵˭Сɽȥԣǽзˣǽ߸ҧˡЩ˷ŻҲճԣһҼȫˮ
һڴӦţ𣿡
ӣҿͷ滹ŰɣǱ任ʽдҶܽܡ
ӣִᣬԼһ飬ԱδܼסһЩҶܽܵķʽá
ҼСһݣҼ֪˳ٻ߾ǽмСݣҲߴҵȤ
ʱ٣ÿҶ̯ؼﲻԸ⶯Ҫǿʼ˾Ľ˹ƶ಻ˡҪǻ˳Сݣͺ˰
ҲûҶֻǶĵģܿϡ棬˭ԸⰡ
۷Ź⣬ӣĽʵʵڵģ𻨾֪Ҷ϶ȥ
Ҳ˸ŮβŸоڴҶֿԽԽˣÿζܰ˶롣
ãȻǱ仯ʽ͸Ӱһҳſ֣ҲС
𻨷ȥˣ׼ϢϽȥӳ֧
ӣҲӻʼҩģȰһЩҩȫˣٴӻѧָ̥λá
ӻѧ棬ӣҲο
Ψеġ
ӣȥԼʱʹԼӣֱһΪΨһӣѧҩĵء
զӣһͽܣ
죺ӦǴʦġ
ӣЦԴ㲻Ҫǵ𣿰ҵʦҪһӸҽġˣ˾ܵʦ㡣
Ѿͷںɽ˻һҲ֪ǲǳԵĺˣɤ͸żһθӣɤӣŶʮת
ҿҲԭΪ۴Ȱڵϣʡ
ıľԼǸǣǿӵĽǣ
ӣôһ˵ֻ̾װģɶأ͹̫ˡҩϵĺãϷҲĺáѼ˰
ҺӣЦ˵ģѧҽɱȳϷѶˣϸҩľţͷпҩӣҪӣѧҪѧĶɲ㳪Ϸ١
СһǾˣһǳϷɣҿҪǵˡ
ʵѧҽҲװҩĻãҪǳԼĻˮƽߣһ˵ĿҩͷˣͲд֣
ڳҴʹѾѾּ֣󡣷ǴѾƽʱдֹģѾ͵͵˵Ѿȥ֦֮ڵϻˡ
ãԼУԼ治С
ӣЦһ֣Ϳʼͳңὲ£Ҳ벻ˣӣ˵һ˵
˵˼ҩģóԼժʱˮĺȵĶУͷ˵Լסˡ
ӣȥһǮջǶǮջʮ𾢡
ǰиһˣĽʮ⡣ȦĴ׳ԱԼˡ
и˵ˣǮջãȵʱ˫ǣһͷָԱܴﵽһʮ͸Ǯջǳ߹֡
Ҫ֪һµֵҲǼֶߵġ
Ǯջ֣ɰ˻ˡ
ӣʱûѾѾơ
Ǯջȥˡ
ǮջԼϵСӻҪȥġǰңѾѾҲôȥ棬ƽʱڼšڱĻ࣬ǮջͲ뿴ŮŸæˣǰ˴򷢳ȥ档
ӣ̽ͷһǮջϵСѾСȻľϸʱѾཱུСˡ
Ǯջı۾תſˣҲ֡
ӣϲ˾ͱ˱ǮջǰŮĲ㾫ϸںԼһ˴ˣᵽӵһȤ
ٻѾѾСʱҲˣѾͷһĥ
ӣ˳ָСѾ壬Ǯջڴ˵˾䶼ãǮջķ
ǮջŮʮϧʱҾ;ãԼ̫ԲѾͶѾˡʱҶҲûá
ǻĶӣԴŮֻǽţʵڲʲôְĸס
ӣȰҲ˵ˣʱԼҲù
̯ôźµ沣˻Ǹ಻ģǮջԼҲ衣
˻Ҫ˵ʲôѾѾͻˡ
ӣǮջ˵ҪߣѾѾһ̬Ҫ
߳ǮջļţѾŲ֪ôڣѾǴЩŭɫ
ӣ̾ôˣ
Ҫӵģ϶Ҫ˵
ѾûڣѾʹ˵ǸղſҰ֡ˣ
Ѿһ˵ԼҪˣϾ͸ܵܣҺͽҪҪȥ


57 
ҪȢŵ, ӣ治֪
ԴǮջ֮ҵϢӣͲôעˡҲһֱʵʵϹϵ˶Զࡣ
ϵ, ˵ϾǮջ, ǲŮİеĸˣ
ǮջҲûǿȥ
ڣӣû뵽ô顣
ϾôųһӶעҪƫ￨Ųӷ׸ܵһҡ
ӣԼãٵڵܼܵҸϺü, ƲŻɿֽȢءôһ, ָǲɿˡһѪ, ϶ܷˡ
ҾȢţҲ϶ѡҵҲǮջܵµġ
ŶãȻѾ׼кˣ
Ѿ˵, ۸, ǻȥܻܵ
ӣ, ϴôﻹϴΡ
˰ɡ
ӣͬʱҲɻ, Ů˵ֻˡ
ǾǸһò仰, ܰ˼Ůϣ
һֱĬĴѾ˵ˡ
ǰЩ졭ѸһѸˮš
ӣ
ѸǴϳСѸѸ, һǵҫ͵ѸҶϹѸ
ΪѸߵ, Ƕ԰ѶŮ, Ҳĺ, ܲˡ֮ǰȥ֮, ǱߵֵܾķӺأŲ˵׷˴磬Ͱ˸
Ǵ֮󣬴ϵ˾Ͷ֪ˣλѸǸǵġЩعռ˵˶ֻߣ±øõˡ
һλСѸѸ
ࡣ
ӣ֮ǰʱλСѸŵİӽϣճ˵ظ겻ڣϻһ̷ֽӯ˶ôܳԱʱѸǶһվǷ顣
Ҫ˵ѸÿҲûУκãûһѸŮлǳɫġ
˵Ѹ֮عѣΪѸǰЩɽʱСˤȥȾû˵ûкӣѸع֮ҲǻٴһʱҾˡ
ѸŹϵãҲǶһˡѸ֪ģ¶˼ңҪżҸŹ
տʼ˶̾Ѹѵãû˻ţԷչʮһŮӡ
ɽأϾЩԷ
Ƽ˭˭˭ȥѸˮƼ˭˭ȥѸµأסѸҸģ˵ǴҹѸſӰ
˵ûƼʲôʵʣǾסҿڶഫ
һȥѸͲˡ
ѸȴŸûһڴż˭˶Ѹ࿴ۣǶǻᱻϱĳ̶ȡ
Ҫ˵Ѹ
ӣͲȷˣҲһ·İ
ӣٿڱ磬µӡ
ʵ¡ʱְֽ֪ˣ𣿡
Ѿصͷ˵ְֽˣ᲻ۣ
ӣοǲҪǵ̫ңô۵ġ
㿴ۣǲʱͿ԰𣿴Ѿ㻹ǲǵãʱǻҪأûͬѽ
ѾüĿչʼϢΪ׵ٻеģֻǵǮջ
ӣǶܰģҾǲҪ£϶ΪǨŭǡ
ӣļᶨ̬СƽЩѾЩ
ʲôСѾͷ׼ȷ
ӣ˺ȥ
ص֮͸̫˵£̫һĴȣ˵˵ǰ쿴Ӵһأ˵ϲ£ϲ°
̫һĳԹ˷ܣӣ˵ͷͷǵôЩ꣬ҵһסˡ
ӣһѹӾϿʼģð⣺ϸ
̫ԣʵûʲôְǷӳŵӰҲڹţǴӶֺ̯¡ֿԹôȥ
̫һѹӣྱ˵ǲ֪ǸǴӵսթ
̫Ϊ˷ӣ̵һСӡ
Щ꣬ʱ˪СʱΪ˪ǸɳӵģʱڹһСݡӸտʼңҵʱٳ֣Ҳûġֹ߳һСϱҾ͸ϵɡ
֪զĲǸСѾͷʮͷÿѾͷ
Ѱ˼СҼҵģ¡
˭֪СĴˣÿζǴյǱߣʱ飬Χڱ赹ˮģ֪ĻΪǰ˵СѾͷʹء
òڣ͸ˡ
֪˵ɶ
ӣð⣺˵ɶ
˵ͳϢðԼСѾͷ͹ͯϱһǮҪֻҪʱС͵á
ӣǻ˰ɣ
ɲǣˣӶǵ¡ҿĴأǾðѹͽʱ˾˵ˣʵˣҲ˵ͯϱסʱ򻹲ǶŮ׼ң׼ңȻҪġ˵ŮҪǮǳ˿Ҫֻġ
ӣƽʱ濴Ǹˡ
ƽڴϣŸ̫̫ûʲô˭뵽˽¾ȻŮҺôˡ
̫ɱƭˣͲǸõġʱһ֮¾͸ˣҲˡ֪ôģ˸ڴӵһ˼ң׹Ůȥˣ˵ҲǶŮ׼ң˭֪ʱǰŮͯϱͳȥġǼҵˮƽҲ⼸ԼĲˣǸùŮһ˼ڿżҡ
̫һڣ˾Ǹ˽ͲŮôСͳȥԵĿܵһװҪǸϱҲǱڲƭġ
£Ҹ˵ʮа˾Żڱõ⡣ӿǺݵģŶϱǰԼϵģָŶϱ
ӣϱͿԸⱻã
̫Цһ˵ǸϱžʵɵɱȥѰڣ˵ˣ˻Ǽ֮ǰΪû˵˵ٴˣ˼ҾǾõţԸļ޵ġ
̫ͷһ£ɿ˵ļޣͷʲô顣ǲѡ
ϿвλСѸĹ򣬸ˮµص˿ɶȥˣѸЩβеǴʹǸɻ
ôЩ棬Ѹ飿
Ҳǲܵѽ
϶ʲôò˽ԭ
ӣһ˵Լ˵ģ˵ԼϾҪжˡòѸ˰ɣ
̫ǳԾžζ˵һ䣺Ͳ˵ˡ
˵˽鲻˵ǹѸĺӲ˵ǾǼʼˡ
ӣ˹ϣ̾һ䣺·ũҲһ
ḻʵĹϣϷһء
ɲǳϷ
ҪȢš
ͷ֪ǵҲ
˵ǰЩ֪ǿᣬҶȷˣ֪ǳƻͽ˭ܰҡҲ⣬˵ˣ;£Ҳֲ֪˽Զ
֪ͽΪ˰ֽιȥ飬֪ڲҲǷӿġ
Ȼп֪԰ΪǺνǶԽܴŮ֪ǵǶ԰סһ𶼲ˡ
֪Ѫ⿿ŽǳԲҪۡ
ڵǮ߰˰ˣҲٶȥӪˡټҲҪµأŮ֪ĻǷֿģǰİҲޡ
ᷳԼô˳
ӣǱûס֪˹ֻʣһûûǻĽڡ
Լȥˣ֪Ѿ֪֮ûôˣټ𻨼סҲ˳Ȼ϶ʶ²ӣӣһ𻨵²ۣԲŶٴɫʮֵϿ
ǸʲôʲôͲ˳
ǣԼе֮ѡĿꡣ
Ǿ̡
һ·̵ı̵֣һʮ׵ģûʱ򶼴ֱ
Ҹݽ˵ģסһûټȥϽȱµصĹ֣ԷҲ˿ںǴ㵽ʱǮ֡
˵ʱ򣬱²̲ͶǸܸµˡǰȴϸȷ̵ļҵס
ֱǮ򹤷֣ܽȥϸƻʳ
˵ԼԤкúܶడ
Ҫ±Ǯȥ̣ϾԼ岻ã¿Ǻȱˮġ
ῴԼСȣȵ죬ͳŴҶµصʱһӢ۾Ļᡣ
˭̤ŵģ
ǻ˭
˽ڣ˼ֱ̫ˣҲл˳ѹȥҲǸԼ̵ͨĵ·שߡ
ӣͲȵĶˣ˯ȣҪ˪˯
̫ˣ
µǣ⻹ûͷأȵͷҪȣ
˪ǳַ̬ȣɽȵܲס𣿶ңûôȰɣ
Ҳְûãôӣ;ȣ
ӣţ͸ԼȥҲûʲô
ͻȻСһȣһ£Ͻȥ鿴
ɥŶҵԭ򡣡
Сӵˣ鷳꣬Բžȡ
˪һҪ
ӣҲţԭǺ˵㣬Сӻûÿβɲ˵һۣȻҲЩꡣ
ӣ
˪֪̾ʲôæ˵Ǹ˵ɶǸģѾʦҪȯˡյҾȥ򡣡
ӣȻķ˸ʵǡ
ԼҲû뵽Խ֮Ȼûϣʱ̵ֻУûȯͲ˻֪õĻʽ´
ˣ˯ɡ
˪˵ټӸ棿
һ˵ԵӣˣͲ˰ɣֻֻ˾ûµˡҪǰȥˣ
ۿ¸¾ҪˣҲǰ£ʱȰˣ֮ǰŵֳȥҲ˵˫мӻҪٷһ⣬ӣƵҲ
һγѾʱˣڸպá
˪ʱĶвģڴӦУС⣬ĩӣŹǡ
⼸ӣһֱ߶Ĳˣûˡ
ӣԽԽˮã
ڶ죬ӣͿʼ֪ͨЩ˵Ҫ˼ˣԼҪ˵ˣ˭Ҫ⣬ǰ˵ҪɶʱĲ־͸㡣
Ǹ£Щ˼ҵҵĲڣû˵Ҫ٣ٸӣ˵
ӣҲ⣬˼䣬˵Ҫȥˡ
ȵӣصңһŵľȻǸ벻ˡ
Щԥʵӣ£ܶⲻ
˵ЩԺֱͦ˵ҡҪȢˣϾҪиˡһܿҶӡ


58 
òԼһ, ۿžҪźˣԼǺ޲ӵĸ˶ɢɢϢԵĲ˵, ЩЦûֱŵ˵ǿ, ŲûӣҲȱš
ԼһҪüѸֽ￪
Ѹû̫ãⲻ, ھ͸׼š
˵ǳ˫֮ǰϢɢȥ, ˡ
ȻҰһ㶼ڲæ, Ѹ˵ˣȵǸʱĶӾԻˣŴӽ鲻ÿ
ָԼи, ǧ˳ġ
ѸȥŮ, ҲˡͲǸһˣѸ˵ʲôʲôΪѸĶ, ȥءҲʹá
ӣϲɫ, ̻ûס, ʵҲͬ£
ӦðﲻӦֿ
ôⶼҪ, Ҳû̫̫˵⣿
ɫÿԼǶƫе΢, ƾѸ˵Լ, һû, ˵һ, ;ﵽ׻
ġ
ԣӣôʣ񣬾ӣǸأզá
ٻһ£ӣǮջߵĽ
ѵǮջŸ޾ɺã
ˣŮ˼ҼҵģŮû˶϶Ǿˡ
ϲǲΰ룬ȻԹǮջҪӣҲΪǮջ˰
ǮջᣬҲҪֿ
Լϱ𣬵ǳĵǮջ̫ǿ̫Ӳ˻ֺڡ
Ͼһʮ꣬ǮջҲе顣˵֮£ӣðʻҲࡣ
ûУ˵ѸǸŮӣҺúöԴ˶ӣҪϽһЩ
ӣ
ˣͷʺŵӣ
ӣ벻ףôİ
̫Լ廨Ҳˣʱ۵ĲᣬϵЩСëƫƫ۾ãˣ۾Ӱģһ㶼İ͡
һ巨ӣ̫̫ųҴӻһһѧտʼҲͨӣԼĽ۾
ӣտʼû˼һĿ䡣
̫̫˾ͷÿ춼۾Ȼ壬ǰѾöˡ
Ĳ⴩̫ˣ±ΪľɣǱ˵塣ܴȥľֻССݲ֣ٸӵǳµСߡ
ǣ̫Ͷ˼СĨĨʹ廨ȥһ࣬˭Ҳ
ӣȥ̫ʱ̫Ĩĺɫһ롣
ӣ¾͸̫˵Լ£ͬʱԴë⡣
˵զ°զأôģ
̫ӵ˴ľãѸźﶼһˣЩ궼Сϱʱ١
ӣһ˵ͳЦ
ѸԼ˲岻ģΪĺӾһģ
̫ǼѸΪǮŮӣΪӺùϱҲϡˡ֮ǰϵķԷҲ޵ķʸȷʵҲ˿
ӣһǲӦøԸ𣿡
ѸӲģʲôϸŸ˵ӶñӲ̣
̫ҧͷҪѸĺҲأ
ӣ
˵ģ
̫Ȼ֪飬԰ǸƴӵӣҪǶСûôܴӦ
˵ãҪõ⣬Ǿпǵġ
ȻҪѸ˵ţ
Ҫ֪Ϲô࣬ѸһûޡһЩϹǼûҵףѸ⡣Щ˼ǼҵӶЩЩ˼ҼﲻѸš
ܶѸ϶òͬ
ӣΪ𺳣˵ˣҼʶǳˡ⻹
ȻֲҵԪôѪĿûǺ𾪵ġ
̫ΪȻɱƵĺãǸʱǡøߣÿζմմϲԼΪĵĸ߲õôʵϴ͸ˡŰɣѸŶϣ˻ָ˭˭
ӣ͵ͷλѸţʱûޣžǸ۶ġ
ӣеġӣһܸɣһɢӲܸɵĴɢ˼ңҲҪСϡ
ˣĸĺһ㶼ṼӵǸТ˳
ƾǸӣ˻չ
ðɡ
ڿ˼ĿٴСӣ󲻼СӵĶ︣
ʱ˿̣ҵҲá
ݺݰѴóӣӵһһԽԽָͷͿʼ
ܲסˣЬģһѲǶĻˣͷ̵ʣˣ
Ļǽ²Ҷ
ѴһأƾôȲȥӦУҲŶ
ǳɤӴ⡣
ĲУһǻŭ޴ӷйҶɣƫƫǮֱתȦ
ߵǽ°ĶŤ˸šֱϡ
Ȼ⣬Ҳǲģʱûš䡣
ͷǹܲס棿˼Ҵס˰ѱѼŪ߰㣿
ѵӣ㿴£ҪϱҲôܻˡԺɵѵ㣬ɲ©
첻Ϊ⣺˾£ҾͰѸȢǼҲôЩһӣԵһ¡ϣ
һŶӵĶͿʼ߶ǲвѸ޽ۼҵҪҪˣͷǵҸͷϴɫģǶˣֻҪһһ죬ͱѸŪϱǲûģ㿴֣Ҳ߲ˡʵʵŶӡҪǰŪˣѸţû˹ɣ
ô˵Ҳ˵ҪˣǷ
ǷҲˣҲϴˣĻƶѳɽҲܡ
ϱһ䣬ȻȰȥƽŪӣȻռ۴ʲôǺռĶϱȻÿˡ
ҪѸĶͶǴ󱦵ġļҵӳҲ䲻ĵôһ⣬ҲӦõġ
˭Լģ͵Ѹܽץסˣ
ͷԵģҲ֪Լôô羢أոСѸ£ž߿Žˡ
ûŵվ
ȰȰѾˡѸˣžҪȥ棬֪ģ֮ǰ˵и͵ѸѸһ棬˾ȥũˡҪΪҲܽȢѸ
ȻƫģҲ֪ԼЩԲˡ
ô찡ѸŰѱû¾˵ϱˣǵҪ˵˵͸棬湫سǵģ֤֤Ӷˣ֤ҲѲƤ
ҧµֻӣȫСˡ
ҲãЩҪӣ͸ӣĺӣֶʲôˣҵ
䶣ֶϱˣͷҪȥ磬ǵʱٺϻˣӣҲ˭˭ġϱ˵ֻҪʵʵģǵҵףʱȫġ
͵һԼǾÿ˵ġ
ϾСѸʵںÿϱÿء
ɣûܸСѸ֣ԼҲСôԼĺûű˽еŴе̾͹ȥˡ

ҲļɹӣϢһҪҲסˡ
ȵӣ̫ȥгʮʱ򣬴Ѿ˵ҪѸˡ
զİզͷҪѸˡ
˭֪ˣҾզ̫̫һ˼СӵģͿŴҸϱ
㿴㣬˰ɣô˵ҲܲһҲѣҸҲʲôϡ¡
Ѹ˵Ҫһأ˾ȻҲͬ⣬̫߳ˡ
ģҲ˵ǽĺûǲˡ
òõģ鲻ˡǮջеˣŮҲѡ
˵ƨˣǮջʱŶٿǮأŮ͸ùܣѾͷƬӸڳԵĶǲ֪Ǵӿв˶ǮջأŮ߯ãȥˮιԸ⣬ÿζǸߡ
һ治֪˼Ǯջˣ
ˣɶôҸӵľǸңԼ
һ˵ѸˣҪӣѾѾѾͷǿ׵ˡ˺кǮջٳԿҲܻת׵Ƕ

ӣһ·Щȫڶ˾˹ʹˡ
ʵǸ˵УоǮջ̫˵ģоӹˮģоԿвġ
ӣųӸ̫˵Сֺ١
̫ԹӾ͸˵Űɣ¹ֵ²ˡ
ʵ漰ĶǷ
ѸǴõһǮջǴϵһģǴϳø
ЩǣһĻⶼΧ
ûؼң֮ǰԼ˵˾ˡ
˵ǻʵ
ӣҲǮԾϵǮ㣬Ʊ⣬ʮ㡣Ҳ˲ʱ䡣
ҲˣϲɫȡԼ⣬ϲ˵£ʱԷȥϯ
ûӣӣҲں
ҲԵ黹еĽᣬԼǮջ˵ģӡȻǲȥ
ӣȥأԼ߰˽Źǣ˪նأԼóԵġ
⻻ӣƼһˡ
Ǯӣˡ
ӣһգǸˣûˡ
ڱģΪǰ˲٣˵ӣȥŹᲹġ
˭ֵ֪ӣֱӰһա
촽ڶ£ⲻǻô𣿡
ӣԼԵġ
ڣҾҪ
ӣһ㶼ΪûС
ըû˵ӣ⣬˭͸˭˼ȫԼҲʹá
ĿʮϣԼĺʿˮ
Ҳ
ԴӣûԹˡ
żθȥϵζ̲סʹ¡
ӣ⣬ֻῴۣȻ߿ˡ
һߣӣ
˫꣬˿ԣڡ
Ӳã⣬˻ͷ˵˵ĲǡԷ
Ͳ
½½Щ˼ҹģӣˡ
ҲǻǮͱл˼ĺܣǼҵͷһֺӣ͸СӺ
ڸɲɹĶ࣬Ӷá㡣
˭һɶģӣҲҪҲУһȽ
ӣ飬һһ廨⣬аＹ
ӣ̫кȥɽҳǮջ
ǮջǮ͸ӣһ⣬׼Ｘ硣ǴɽŪһСߣӣȡߵƤҩò֣Ǯ
Ǯ˵ֱĸߣת־ͻһҪ⡣
ӣҲ£һûƴǡ
ӣＹȥ񣬳ҽʮָˣＹʣץＹ
Ｙӣ˰ƬģҸ˵ˣӼҩģ˳ԣɤаġ
һ٣ɤӲϣˣôã𽥱ãɤӻȻˡ
ɣлл㡣
Ҳǳ⺢ӣӣŸ˵ҩţůůģɤӻزͳų˼ҲúõĽ
ӣ廨ȥǮջ
ǮջҲ˵˴ϵĴԣϾ֪Ҳкµ˵
ӣʱһֹ˵ǹȰңȰˣҾûȥ
ǮջСѾӱϽݸѾǱȥҳɣǵòҪԶˡ
Ů򷢳ȥǮջӣһ裬Ż˵տʼ˵Ǿеίġ
ô˵Ҳദʮˣ鲻ãˡԵǰʮ͸ЦƵġ
ٷޣһҲûйʱǮջҲûӵʱǺг˴Ůһоͷ·һˡ
Ǯջ֪ǴŮĵ⣬ǸսǻⱻڸˡⱻڸǣԵøտʼ»ʮã룬ǻҲûĶá
ǻͿƫģ岻ʱٴӼҵĶСӡֻỌ̇̄˵衣
ȥɣôҪӣڵóԸԺͳ׸ûϵˡ
ϸǮջ軹ȰҪţͺá˵ûӣעҪһͷģ;͵£Ů˲һӵͷҲ͹ˡ
ϱ϶ҲΪòҴѾ鷳
Ǯջ˵Щ飬㹻ƽͣᶼһ¡ԼѾڻˡ
ȻҲϣԲһֱ顣û뵽ô顣
Ͼʱ򣬿ܵôҹһڵģΪҪõŷųȥ
ҹ˾ʱĵʱ޴ȥٲҪŮѪ
Ȼʱǩ˶Ͼϵ飬ͷǺТģһǴգҪһɣ϶߶òТ
ںˣ˻飬Լĺ˵ƴȥҲŴѾ
Ͼٻˣû˵ϲҺǸǰļ
Ǯջһɣ˻飬ϴѾˡΨһĵľǡѾҪָָġ
ôҲЩģҪСЩĻ
ʲô˸裬ϲֻϲ裬ʲô˸ܵܣܵôôġ
Ǯջ붼뵽ЩӵôСʣֱСʿˣǾ͹Ц·Լǿ˸Цֵһ֡
ǮջϹ룬ʵǰʱһĻѾǺµľʹѾҺöѾǸƤʵģҲޣǻ֮󼷵ϣҲʣô
ǳ񿴲ȥˣ˵ˡ
Ǯջҧˣ
ӣ֧˸С
ҪѴѾָĸģ
Ǯջûףģզģ
ӣԴǼ¡
Ǯ
Ǯջǰһ


59 
Ǯջͷ, ֮ǰȷʵûӸ˹ҲУϾһ, Ҳͬ⡣
˵Ǻӵ׵, Ǯջ黹ҰοǮջӲģҪŮǸգ϶ǲԸ⡣
̫ˡֲŮƾʲôӾǮջ
ھͲһˣǮջ, ʱԼҪиӵϲ, ԼûŮ, Ҳðһзָ
ȢҪԼĺˣҾ͸ŮɸաһģǺ޹ϵڶ۲һˡ
Ǯջãǣ
ӣȾ͸˵, ҪӵϾǹغԺĴ, һҪġ
ӣǸգҿ, ҲҪ, ѾѾĽиСҲ, Ҫ롣
Ǯջһ˵Ҫͽ硢롢ѿɡǰ⼸ֻ֣Ǻûϡ
ӣһ, òͷԵģʮֺʡ
ͷͦõ, ˵˵
Ǯջӣ, ûͣЪͰ¸߸Ů
ѾѾɫͨ졣
Ǯջ˵»˵ǲԸ, Ҳе, 
û˵꣬ѾͼеĴ˵Ը⣡ҽԲԣϲ룡ҾͽǮˣ
ѾҲͷҽǮ磡
ѾָŻ˯СãСýǮѿ
ǮջЦˣŮͷǺãҾʹȥ
ҪŮһˣȻ˼֮ҲҪɩɫӣŮյϢҲҪǱ֪
ǱϲףǮջǿ
ŮǸԼյģôɡ
ӣؼңԼ߰˽һＹ⣬һŹǣһβͣʣȫ廨
̫ĺһβͣղųӣȥ⣬Ѿڼβʰˡ
βϴɾȥëȻ󿳵βжΣˮ¹ȥĭȻǹͳɫβ¹ͣβͱҲһ㣬͹ըһȻϵϿʼ
һСʱһѰǣֱ֭βҲΪֹ
̫ڹ˴ѵĺζ˳̨ƮӣĲС
̫˵˪ʱ򣬾Ͱβ͡ĺտڣ¾á
ӣž㣡
ӣۼﻹлƾƲ
˵¾Ʋˣȵ˪ըһ̻ףβͳԻ׺Ⱦƣ
̫ȴҡͷӦУȲˡСӻûȥȵȥ˵ɡ
ӣˣһԣһɶ
аɡӣֿϧ
ȻúȾƣ̫ȴݳ޵һ׷ȵβ͵ζѹѹס׷Ҳˡ
˪Ҳýţﻹһж
ķеݸӣǽը
ըֶƽǷҲҪǷ͡żһζܶ࣬ġ
˪һˮ˵лԾҪˣըġ
ӣϴڷλԼֲġӢ㡱뵽λƾлԾĽͷƵ˼ûУ̸һ̸ͽ顣
ͦðǴǷ𣿡
˪һѾǣǰ
̫
˪ȫˡ
ӣըŵ˹ֱʵѽӿʮţһȫꣿ
ûǮ
˪һ١
һһ࣬زҲмëлԾҪĻһӵһһ͵߰˿Ǯʮͱһȥˡ
ӣզࣺҲ̫
ȢûɵģһٿǮɶãҪڻϡҲǺֶٵ棬һһëëѾǴˡ
Ƹô󣬿Ҳղ
˪ĬĬȥ˲ˣû˵ǣлԾʮǮ˵Ҫ˪ܣŮ˵ǷСҪ˪硣
лԾ˵ʱ򶼲˪ˣʦкãһ¡ãԼůƿĹɹҾǵ֪ҲǴһŵҡҺòܽ飬һѡ
˪ǲģлԾΪ˵ģƭ顣
ƭ˼ŮϹ
˪ûн硣
лԾȻǲģĥ˪ǮҲʮϼӵʮ塣
˪ù⹷ƨ飬ȻлԾǸӡҲôãƭƭ顣
лԾƭŮ˵ԼǴ˵ԼѾ˷ʵͲǷֵķӣԼȥķӡ
˪ⲻǳõ£лԾôƭдˡŮ϶ùӳԡ
˪ҡҡͷ빤¡
Ѿ˺βͣ⳴һˣٰһݻƹϡ
˾Ϳʼ͵ƳԷҪ˪ڻһҵķǴϳԵġ
β͵Ƶҫ£ƤǶһɫ΢⣬ԵŨͳུʮˡӣİβ͸׷ϣŨĽ֭˳ʵ׷Ŀ϶׷ҲȾ˺ɫ⡣
βͽŨζζʮͻƤһʹҧ㱻֭Ⱦĸ⽹㣬ȴŴ񡣰ɫĽһǰɫ֬Ĵ
һβͣʱͱֳϡ
ӣÿϧϧɶأϧֻһβ͡
ҪǶ༸ð
գӣ𴲾ġ
Էһ䶣˵Ĵˣӣ߿ࣺ֮ûɶоҾûţȥ˵ˮϴˣզԽԽˣ
ӣ䶾ͷأû룬ɲ
˴˿ڣٶһЩעһëǮĿѡ
ӻˣӣʹʼʶҩġ
˵˰ΣͻȻͷС
𻨣˵ӣһ˲Ѹͷأ˵ǲǮջŮգ˵ҪôѾѾȥ
ӣԾȥ
ӣӻһ飺ߣҲʵؿˣѵϸиȥ
˵˴ӲԶǮջ
ҹ˵Ů˶ǰ档֮ǰǲ˵õģŮңᣬ㲻ŮŮҲøϡ˵Ļдֽ֤ġզڻܷڣ
ҲûȢˣȱСѾ߾ŮȥʹϹǵģҲܰŮ͵ţ
ɩӣ˵ģҸûⲻǾúӸܿ࣬Բš

ֵĳһû͵˼ڵ˸ŮβŸоǸɽ
ֲһֱҲӰء
ʲôƨ飬õһվȰܡ
ûԴиʮһ·ˣ
տʼĲȴ϶ˡ
̾ӣŮֳ
ӣһ۾ͿȺеѸëѸʮۡ
ΪҪ飬Ѹʹһĺѣһ¿ӣҲ²ЬӽޣһȺͻ
֣·ҪȰȥ
һߵǮջȻˣɫҲŭ
һɤźһã
ӣģһӾ͸ĵļ˸ˡ
Ҳûεģдɶ
ӣһվҲǰ
ѸӣЦĺǿΣզдû¡
һȦֻһиҲ֪ӣǳ˭
𻨴һӣⲻԤ
ѸűڱϿԣѸҪ˵ʲô½ǡ
ѸʱͲ˵ˣ첻
˵Ǯջ˵
ǮջøŮҲڣлѾѾСѾ˵õǸҹţǮҲܺӡӸĸʲô£˵ˣǹ£ҲѸ°ɣû֤֤Ҳǰ˵ʲô
Ǯջûô࣬ǾøŮǸ⣬ֵܸĸЩ˭֪һԸģҲҲû˵ʲôûŵѸڿĲ⣬ѺӴȥ
ǮջĵĲС
ѸӶˣĶǲúӸѴѾѾŪȥﺢӵѪء
Ǯջ㵹ҴѾѾȥСѾߡĴΣٸҲͣҾȥҹʣǰ޵ģ㲻ҸŮϵ
ӣǹǮջҲмΧһͷԼǳˣǮջѾս͡
һӾѸʹ
˵˻ǰ޲Ǻģ˻˺͹Ѹű˵£Ҳǵϵ֡
Ҫ˸ϸ߶ȣǾͲһˡ
ũ´඼񲻸棬͹ٲŮ֮ˣȥˣȷҸŮϵզ
Ѹ߹أ
Ķ죬ʰһôòš
Ծû˻ᶢЩ¹ܣϸתȦףóЩŮŮģιˣҪЩƨΧšЩɫһ㲻٣û꣬ûи
ҪǮջֿ¾͵˵ˡ
Ͼ˸ˣ͵õ飬ǵ飬øȻˣԽ棬һִ󣬵ùľЩĲõĸɲˡ
ǮջĻʮЧһӾͰѸȥ
ҲŪôͳ
ǮջҪŮ֣һӦǮջҪŸŮֵѸ顣
ɬ˺һǮջΪ̫Ϊѡ
ĶܲأѸ˵ˣӼ⣬һǸӡ
ôòеһӰ
ҪȰǮջ㣬Ϊˡ
ɵȵǮջѸٶҲˣǮջĶǱ飬ǷҪء
ѸŻڶ˵ŰŮĺô
ҡҰڣ˼
ںˣҲҡˣǮջҪĿ꣬겻ɾ֣֮ҪѺӵָˡ
ͷջˡҴӦ㻹Ů߾ʹߣҲˡ
ѸҲûбеνʼ硣һҲ㲩һӮˣСͣܰŸɻܴ˵õ񡣲ˣ˾£⡣
ǶˣҲûʲô˵ġôⶪҲʲô
Ǯջؿղ˳ܵʱû仰Ĳᡣ
ҲŮ
Ůûʹôֿ֮ǿźӵ⣬ҲδŵϱһѣûаѺӷ￼ǹ
ǮջЦһŮȥ֧֡
һͷβ־磬ôĻΧ˻ǰĶоþòܻ
֮ǰû飬ȻҲûǰźͺŶĳ˻˵ҲǸҼˡ
˶ɢˣӣѰ˼ŽӻȥѸѸӻҪȥѧ˽ԱҪһӵиӴ¡
ѸɫÿҲҪҺúõһˣʲôѳëô죿
ӣϡ棬Լģиɶϵֲǰ⣬㲻£ô֪Լǲǽ
ѸԸ⣬Լžߵ÷ɿ죺ҲҪǮջߵĽ˭֪᲻ẦңҲҪſ
Ѹһ̾ԶٵĶǸиˡ
ӣҲֻ̯ܳ֡
˼Ƭ֮˵أֲ
浱Ⱑӣⲻб޻ȻҲӻźúѧѧ
ȻԷ⣬ǾͲ¡
ӣǮջոֵǮǮλСһһǣףԼĴ
ǮЦĵлǮջغɽȥˡ
գ͸ѸѸҲסķӣչ˻еǰϱ
¸ӣɽȥԼҩչ˵ĺܾģҩҩĸϲˡ
ӣ˳ֲһҩģ׼֮ǰȥһ˳һȥҩһҩ
ǵģҩӣԼһЩ
֮ǰԼĤͺܺãʱƤְ˼֣űȳﻹˡ
ӣ;Լȵ͸ϡ
ӣгǣվȥҽԺȥ꣬¶͸ɲˡ
¶ûˣӣקԱߵĽʵӣѾͷǴǲǽ괺Ҳˣ
ӣͷ԰ܱ߼綼ˣǴӻãûôãׯҲˡ
¶üͷզ˵ΧеĹûʱ֣
ӣȷʵУ˵ǻΪϱȵֵַѾЩˡЩĶ࣬ȱ̫󲹲ϡ
¶ԭתȦɲãҪɡ˪С˵һ£Ҷ͵ɲ˸ɻ¾ͱˣ겻Ū
ӣΪɶ
¶̾㲻Ͷѵ£ƽͷմΣմ˵ġֵʱ򣬾Ͳܸ밡һ֣м۸ҪǡҪǲǣǿ϶˶࣬ŵҪȥٱһٱһ׼ҪǸǣ¾ͻУǵĶ࣬ʱ˵治㣿ʳǸؼطҪģһľǺС
¶һ˪˵һ£ԵĶҪˣҲŪʳǸɲ˸ɻൽǰ󡣡
ӣҲļȣ˵뵽߲ΣйʳжȣǲЩˡЩˣÿķһ˳ӡ
ӣУʦͷдɣܱˣддҪʲôҽ˪׼
ũճɲãųҲùʱҪһҪһ
¶Ŵӣãʲôȱ˵ҵҲм䲻˪СҪСˣڣҰ㡣
ӣӹһˣһŷһƱ
¶ੲݣεǮͲ˪Сӷ˹ƱŪˣȱ˶ˣеʡȥ˲ŸŪôһš
ӣĶ֪ܲһƱл֮ǰ˵һǿһֱûƱǵ˺óʱ䡣
һϢһϢӣгĶǷһ
̫Ӻϲң·ҲǶĥˣﻹٶ״ֵġ
ڵʲôãǼĴֻһôһǳãϴ˸Ͻҳȥɹһ̡
ӣţгڻؼҵ·ϡ
ţӣ۽ƳһϤӰһСͬ
ӣýɲסʱǸ˾ִСͬˡ󻹸һгˡ
һǰһ󣬿Ÿͨûʲôı¨Ƿ˲ٶѳӶ׹ĳһš
ӣûٸǺɻ
ôسǸʲôأǸ˭


60 
Χû, һ̶еСͬȥ֮ǰһڡΪģʵȥ걻ץһεľͷ, һС
ҵһŴ¨վ·ߴñ, ѹɤʵôģ
˰ѲñѹѹҲһëһëˡ
ûѹסôô󣡡
ղյһëһ
ñǸ̸֣ǮĻ᣺㰮򡣡
ٽ˫ӻ˭ܿҪǸ, ļ۸ϸ»Ǿŷ, ǵզʱ, ͷǵĸߡ
ϴǮԥԥҧһ¨ȫˡҪʮ
ñЩﵹ, ȻǼʲô
ǶǸƽ, һĶǴˡҪĶģٲҪ̸Ǯ, ʮҪĸǮ
һ, ͺ˸߼, ҪٿǼǮ
Էֱͬˣ
²ñзڣֱָ¨˵¨Ӵʳ, ұʵڼۡ
¨ӶѾװˣȻҪ¨һ, һ¨Ҳһë, ͷ, Сͷʡʲô
ʡʡȥ, ٵ׬ͷô㡣
ñйһ¡
ҲͷһμģΪźʵеȱۡ
ۣԼжٶʣɱ˵Ƕ٣
ñмûô˼鱨˺üҲܣǮֱӴһӣ¨£߾ͳˡ
ñǮӰѸʧС
ƳɱʳȻǿ
࣬ĽƼƼˡ
˵ʲô˰컹û˵ӹµʳƵгϣһһҹ¨ӣϻһ
ῴˣ֣߰ɣȻȥ
ʵҲе㵣ˣᰡ᲻е̫ˣ⼸ģд󼸰ٽˡǼҵ᷿ˣͷŲˡ
ῴųϱӣҵĹ˼ʮ꣬ƼƼһֱûкӡǵ첡ˣƼƼǾ͸ļޡ
ļ޵ڶ£ƼƼͲҪȥǰ̫ķͷ
Ϊɶأ
ҲǺ֪ѹǸˡ
ƼƼ֮ǰǻƻŮ֮ǱŪΪŮǵ¾һѡûкӸͲ
̫Ūļ֤Ū˴뱲ӣΪԼΨΨŵŵ
˭֪ļ֪֮ǻ£
֪Լģ̫ӦҲ֪
ĸƼƼ¶ϱΪľǺܸϱúùӡ
ʮֵĿϣ͸̫û
Ҳܽиˣ
ûа߸ƼƼϾҪҺŪʳûԸҵĽָǮҲٵĿֻռ˴ͷԲø˺
̫ˣǵʳļ۸߷֣ռߣռ⻹ΪǸũ廧ڣʳ棬ܽҵմϣȻҺüأΪ˵ʳ˹ɻ
ϴӦĺúõģȴ⡣
æǰæܿģҾͳñ߹ĵģݴһʳռߣ
ĵ
Ѱ˼ţǸ̫£׼ƼƼˣʹ̫
ʱô˵ҲҪ֣ԷӦͰ˵ȥ
Ҳй˼ңϢҪǴȥ˭ܿҵˣ
ĺúõģûǸɾ
һëͷȵʱٻҪëġ
ϱȻȱԺȣ˪ǽǸʦ͹ʳģͷǰûΪȱһСˡ˪ʱسǣżȻ֪سǵë࣬Ļë
ĶƴȰ˪Ѽʳó˪ȴֻ˵ʳҪⱨӦ
ӦһڣƨıӦ
ŴʵǮë
óʮǮշӣǰѼҵóˣһٶࡣ
ʳһǧ࣬Ȼ̫࣬־ı
ôܲĶ
ȣĸȡ
һģһµģͲͷ
˵ôҲǸеģզûУհǰ˺ģ׬Ǯ
˵һⲻ֪䡰ôҲǸеġ̶
಻ڵĶӣҲ̫ˡ
ö죬ȥʳѵĶˡ
᣺ѽû㻨ǮС㿴裬˻ܲء
ʵϣֻǸ̫˱ˣ̫Ѿ֪ˡ
һٶͶȥϾûٶֺ࣬£̫ȻһԸ⡣
ЩԲ׼֡
ƼƼз˾޴ãΪԼˣƼƼͲÿűżվȽŸ
ĵʳƼƼ˵Ǹ޴Ļᡣ
һ£һٿ飬ԼôڼǰҲֱͦˡ
ûǸܸɵģ
ͷ£ڣҲһü
˵ƼƼŮҲǹ˳׷׳£˵Ϣ֮Ҷһȥҫں˳෿ȥ͸ģ˵ˣ׼ûС
֪ˣ˭˵ŮΡ
ǵ׵Щ˳ҲûǣһѣȻ涼¶Ҳǽ˺ġ
ƼƼϴԼȥʳ̬ȻĲСҲͳһ
׼һʡ
ô˵ҲͲ˵ˡ
ųߣûԶͿӵģɰŻˣĵ˺ôһȦϴ·
ȥ·ϻţΪ̫࣬¨Ѿѳ׹Ĳᣬϻһû߶Զе㿸סˣƳӡ
һ̫УˣٲԸҲֻܽӹ˾ôһһİ¨ʳƻ˼ҡ
жʳֱȥˮƼƼᣬ˾ͱ̫ס
ҵģȥ
ƼƼæӦһȥһת̫㱨ۼû˰
̫پϱʵǲϹ᷿ﲻУǵýҰȥҨ
ƼƼһ˵׼ʳⶼҪǮģ˵Һʳզ浱Լҵĳԣ
ɳƬ̣̫ѾִˣϽģһ˶Էˣ
ƼƼֻĵίź«ưȥҨ档
ʱӢȴָ᷿ʹɩӣҲ̫СˣզֻҨ㣿Ҩ㣬
ƼƼֻҨһư
ӢɩҨ棬źСȥ̫
ҿҹȥˣȻɩСüС۵ģ۽ϹƳԵľϡˡ
ӢѸղŵ˵̫̫һڣۣⲻµС潸ϲ̨Ļ
̫ɲԼҪʳʲôżˣǳԵܳԶ٣˵ˣǮģզͲܸƻʳˣһֱգҾͶ԰棡úõĸСǶһ
Ӣ״־һᣬȥϵĹӳԡ
̫۰ĿŮȥԾˣԾզ˵ģ
Ӣһƣ˵æЩ˵µ¡˵лԾզģǲǲҽ飿
̫һӣǲܹˣզܲ飿ȥЦٴߴӶֳɵģ۾£ܷɶ
Ӣư˵ղµĹ˵ǲҪ󡭡̫ߣ
ӢҲеˣûɶ˼һʮġҪȡ
̫üëһզۼ˿ڶ࣬Ҳ࣬ʮ󹻵ģҲǿԾڷ꣬ǲǶ졣Ҫ˵ӦسǰģҲۼҵǿ޵Ķã
Ӣͦͦţʮֽ
ǰһȦףҲǼ޵õһ
ǴջйӶˡż갡ֵܷӣ
سһЩˡ
Ӣ˵ǣתһ춼ûҪƣʵڲҾͲˣ˭ϸɡ
̫ϽȰ֣զ˵ޡԾҲãҲаģϽǰⲻͦõɱͿ
̫ĺܣлԾʵǺãԼзйǮġ˵ﻹֵܶ࣬ǣ۲ϸɻּҲûˡֵܶ£׵Ҳᵽ
ⲻͺܺʣ
ø׼ҶĽԼתתȥӪһ٣ôȥˡ
̫ûҪתһ죬°ˡ
һҪģҪ¡
ֻҪһ뵽ԼЩǵĽ͹ά̫;ûǸɾ
ۼڲȱǵǮɩ˵ˣȵպͷ᷿ܰЩʳȫˡ޵úãӺù
ԼҵҪʼ̫ѵöŮ˵ЩûӢƵƵͷ
֪ģģҾ޳ȥˣҲŮҵĹ
ɻƭлԾ˵Լʽأ󲻿ҿ˭
ĸŮﳩδǽһ𾢣
ӣسǻȥȥ˪һˣѳ¶˵Ļת˪
ʦ˵ʱһɲ֮ģǰͣǸգƳҪȱˡ
ӣ˵꣬˪͵ͷǰЩҲѾоһЩͬ
ڴϻûжܣϾߴֵļʱǽǸչҲһС㣬ϵĸܾͺˡ˶е
վĲ˶ܱ߹繩ӦģЩũѾԾͰѲ˶ԼɹɲˣԲվĲһȱ۸ϵ
˪˵⼸ٽһɽ
ͲǺܶˣһûһٵģӣɽҩʱ˳ִġҲȥˡ
첻ȶ죬ζһξױŵ
˪ǹ̫ܲ࣬ʳκʱǴҵص㡣
Щʱ˫ϣǴǲȱĴȱһܶͲɿء
̵㣬ӣӶãҸ̼һȥ
˪̫ԼҲһӣҲε᲻Ӱ쵽Ǳߡ˪óȥһˡ
ӣڴӦ԰׼
ȵ˫ʱˣǻճζܿˣ͸
˵£ӣóŷһƱǵ~
˪ùƱҷһ£ǷһƱ
дźƷһһ̨дÿһܣϵ
˪ȥʲôʱȥ򡣡
һҲϡ涫ˣ綼ҲУǽ̫Լȥ
ӣƱϸϸʰõѽھǲˣҵû뵽ء
תһ죬ǷһƱң䵽ľȻ
˪£Ҿ͸ʦ˵ǼӵǮ궬һ
ҪûһҲȷʵѰ
˵˼仰˪߾Ѿò͸߷ڣæҪȥɻӣʲô
ӣһ֣Ҳԣһȥ
˪Źǻأ̫˵ˣ׼ŹǼ׶һŻȥŹǣŲڷԡ
ӣҴҸ˪𣬸սӾ𻨵Ĵɤš
˵Сοǽ˺üСԱģԼҵޣɵ
ӣгͣסվһԴ֡
ֻһСкŤŤһСкǰ
ССˣߺߺȺȵġ
ӣ˵˶ٴˣ׼ˮˮﶼгۣ굽Сʱ򲻳㿴㣬ˮȵֶۡ
һСͲֻ꣬·Ǻȵ
ҵҵıŶӣװۣϰϣҶۡ
ӣЦĴһһСˡ
µػˣ
˵ŻưϸͦһϽģҶ˷
С̨ݣ⼸ļҳɫ졣
һŮЬףûסߣĶ
һȻСкĸŮЦѾסˣСѧѧ߰˳񣬽Цͣ
ﹷʣҵŵģ


61 
ӣֵò, ΧĸŮ̫̫ҲǸЦ̫ŸСǰ棬ЦӶ¶
˵ʣɶ, ҾŹʣݵĺãʣ, Ȼ̫ӣԣ
СҲݵĺã·ȵǻ¡
滨Ůѧ, ƽʱǸ

СЩ˵, ȻЦЦ, ûָ˵ǣľҲſˡ
ﹷʣ̬ʮ׼ȷһ㣡ˮϴţ, һ
ϵСһ, Ҹɾؾɣ˭˵죿ҲûУ۶Ϲ, , ý, 
СӻھҵҵװۣﹷʣֱתȦ, ˵զ죿ҪȥҴ򣿡
С¾ͿʼƤɶѽȵ׻, , ȥΡ
˵˦ŴƤȥװģιס
µѾЦˡ
Сι, ŹŻСİѡס©ˡ
ﹷʣɤѵ, ƽѧ˸ʮʮ

ʣ⺢ӳɣǻ£
滨ҺҲ԰ι׻Ұѹ©˹
滨ǲڼҰѹ׹©˰⺢զݵĸһ

ҳҲЦĲУ滨Цǿ
ǱģʵŮѧ̫ˣ
ǸƤѧĸһģӿ̳һ
غö˰
ȥʰһ֣׼ƤˣٽкӿƤͰŸˣⶪ˶Ѽң̫ˣ
̨ϵļС궼𻨽Ƕռ˵ݣС̨ʶȻԭǵĸĸַŷɡ
ӣ۾ڱϿȫ
С˵׻ңͷСι׻ҵˮСӱͿˣ˵ĺꡣ
գŴ۾Ƕ
ﹷʣˣѣΰ㲻զݣϽΰ
СӲԣעתˣѾԼҪʲô
ʣĲУ޲ȥĺһΡ
СҲСιȥװޣСӾǲΡ
ֳЦûûΣ㣬һˮ
ʣϻ𣬵ѾЦһƬ
Сӵ￴СûȵˮСȾҪԼˣϽ㣺Ͻȥݰ
ҪˣϷݲȥ
СС˹ǿϷϽ㡣
СһίһҪðᡣ
˵ʱʱ죬ﹷʣһתֱӰһүұˣ
˵͸һɣˡ
ˣ
СˣΡû˵ݰ
ڱѾЦᶼˣӣĻһȺСԱһŪŪģЩĲõЦ㡣
Сﲻ֪ôãǱߵСӿʣεԼҪɶˡ
ҲԣʣԱˡ
εʱµֱ࣬ѹ˹ʣѡεĹʣѹĶ̴ٰһ
С
Ѿˣô죿¡
װģߡʬ塱һſҵүҵĺӡŰզûѽ
һɥ߿޻װҪ
һ룬ﹷʣֵˣСƨҲڵϡ
ҵ˰ƤִҺӸˡҪס׻ҶǶɲβҪҽ
˵꣬ﹷʣһᣬͷһĿ

ֵһӾͺеߵ㣬𻨴ŴߴߴɵĹơ
СԱ֪ɬˣڴҵи軳㡣
𻨲Цᣬվٰӣ׼õЩ˵һ顣
ܵ˵ǣȰвϽΣҪȥιף׻Ұ̼ģɾˡָ׻Ҿ취Ҫӻ߲һһҪҴ򿴡оǲҪЩҰΪ׻аββˣаǲҪ롣
ǰĴףҵעҲȽϼУ˵꣬Ҳȥˡ
žžžĸ𻨹ƣЩʡ
𻨣һνʲôʱҪȻϰɣҲ˿
Ǿǣݳõĺܣ´ǰ˵ռλã
Ҫ˵ҲŰ⿴Ų㽲˼
ӰƵģҾñȵӰ˼

𻨱һȺŮߴߴΧţ˼һ
뿴
ˬһЦ˿ˣⲻǻӣҳģǴҪǾúã͸Ūɸһ¡
һ˵ӣ˵ģЩ˸Ÿղ˵ˡ
˵ôͷͷǵģӣѾͷ˵ľͳˣָǲٺȹ׻ˣ
ǾȣҼҹʣҲ˰ɣ˵ӻҲôϴˡ
⵹ǲ𻨰ɲƫۣǼʯͷҲġ
ǾǣҼѾ
ҼС׳

չȻ˸Ҽҳľˡ
滨ԼѾͷݸˡŲһԼϵס׼һɢˣ˵˵ҪݿԣٸĽɫɣ
Ҷ
滨һĨＷ𻨣ҹݵĲɣ´οɻø
ɶҪ󰡣ˡ
иǸݾͳɣ
˶
ȥɣ˭Ƥ
ƤƤզԸأ˻ã
һѸڴӿﹷʣ·̧ͦͷģ
и֪ôһ£˵Ҳ˵ĺܡ
֮ǰŮڵʱ򣬽дᶼѵҪҲǲǴһ˵СҪôЬ׷ѡںˣͽСȥݣЩŮܲɲܲԼɶ
Ǹȥأ
и뷨ãҲͷǴӴʱ˭ҺݵĺãͶָ棡
Ҫ˵ǸʳͲڣ滹ʹõģǴԼĶÿЩĶ٣ʱСǶ졣
ϸ֮ϲ˵Ĳˡ
иĿɣҲû˵ˣҲǱֻҪСޱֵĲ̫ǾͶ
棬ô˵ҲСԼģʱҪֻˡ
𻨵ò£ϽֹӣԲߡ
ʱӣո̫극
ŹǣӼӣմ֭ԣŨŨġŹҲãļвӣҨҨһҲ㣬̫ҲϧͣǰѶǸˣƤĶҲóԣ۵ĺܡ
ӣԸǱ˯
̫ŷһƱֵĿƱžӡˢƽʱƱһɫ
ӣ˪˼ǿ췽㣬Ǿȥһ
̫סզĶ㣬ʱ䣡ⶫǲɣ
ӣͷ۾ͽӵ¿ɣа취ġ
˻¿Ҳ˵Ļұ·¡ô˵ҲǸٶ໨˷Ѿˡ
̫תȦûס
ҳȥתת
ȳȥԼҪõϽǷһ¡
ǰԴΪԼҳԵúãйۡ
зһһⶫ˵Ǵӣ綼û
˵ȥû˼ʣеϸ㲻ԺãҲǶġ
̫üԼȢ˶ϱ֮תˡ
ǰ˵мҵףҲûôù
һһ˵б˶ĽĽ
̫һӣڷһǰҲȲסˣ˭סһ̨һܵұġҪڼﻹиûޣƾһ
̫ȥȥˣ𻨺žͽӣš
˵Ĳ֪ôãĿɹǴҲĶ࣬ʮ
ӣС
ŷѹҵķһֵĺãɳġӣһ
ӣҶ֪ôлл㣬㿴λĸŰôáǲ֪ܲٸģ
εĹ»ӣ˸˼·˵Сȹ׻ҳµ¼´ҪʲôȻˣٻõĿͷ
ӣ⻹򵥣͸ƲСˤŮ䣬ע⡭
ӣһָͷ̾һѡ
ǸǷθײһģ´ܻܲСǰɣǲŪɶ籾
ӣˣⲻֳɵ֪డ
ָֹԱǲеģӣԼҲԼҪæȥһĻˮƽ֪಻ã
ӣ֧Уӳһ£֪Ǹģһ͸֣ǾͶ塣˭ĸ˾͸֡
룬Ҳ˼˵ˣСд籾ģּ֣ԱҲ⡣
ϾԼҺҪݵĶֵ㹤ҲӦá
𻨳ɾˡ
ӣһϴɾһҧɳȿζֱζ٣ֳִһ㷬ζûеķѸͬʵϵķζ
ӣһûסһȥУп˵ǡ
պŰǣɿڣʣµˮҲ˷ѣֱһȥ
ӣ̳귬ȥ˯˸
ת֮䣬Ϣĵˡ
ӣ˪ֽһɽδǱ׼ȥģԵȵɽ˴һ¨ҰҰһ¨㡣
Сû˷֣ӣʱͿˣѾһƴС㣬Ӧǽ괺ϳġ
˪̣
ûؼ֮˪ûɹ㣬ǰ㶼Ѭ㣬ˮܿʱá
˪ǰæ˼죬ѬΪӣҪͷ͸ɴÿֻӵͷʣµĲֶŪɸ⡣
ȵ׼࣬˪һĶȥ̼ҵĴӡ
ȥʱܿˣſϵʱȥģȥ¶ͻ
˪һң̫ڵȣ͸̫㱨˵ˣ˵㲻Ҫģ⼸бԶȥһʳ˭Ҳ˵ȴ¸ܳµʳ
̫̾ҵǲİȫϾ㼸綼ڼҵģû˸ȥ١ǡӵζܰ
̫˸ӣ֮ǰǼ꣬Ҳǰġ
˶˵꣬ӡ
ʳղֲܱʳզû
˪ɫҲǶã̼ǱǱȽأҿǵϡϡġ
ҵﶼǶģָϿ
˪ڷȥԷ˵ε磬ͷ˶ǹҵأֲֵҲûɶϾԼĵأԼᲦʳԸɴƽû֡
ѾǸڼɣ͵淢ȼˡ
̫ҲЩ칼ũ񣬶ɵĺ£ûаۡ
ЩǷˣׯڵضҺŪ¹ܷ꣬ׯڵһŪճɾ͵군ҿȥҪˡ
⼸Ѿù٣ǼȻֺҪսϴǮҶǿӡͺö˰ֻҪϸɣ˵˵¡
Ǳ߾Ӳ
̫Լ˼߶߶˵Լ£Ǿͱˣ⼸ȥѷһ̧ȻͷسҪ̫ƽ
һɶ¶ܸɳڼá
˪һʱ䣬˵Ҳ룬¸³ȥԣ˳ȥһһˡٸʦ͵㶫Ǻ¾Ͳˡ
˪ĿҲǰˣǰĲǱˣǳ¶
¶ǾʳҪȻҲϵǷ˼ϣοԾˣҲɡ
ӣһʵʦⲻûرһ£˵͸զ죿
˪ⱾǼ͸͸û
ʦǿյģʦ֤ҲǻͲ͸
ӣʲô
˪䣬ϵԭϣͿ⼸
Ļ˪͵ͱ䣬ɫΣһǳ⣬Լò䣬ɫ״Ҫǳ֡ա󡢿⼸飬һָμǵƬϵԼ׼õһϵˣǱ֪֡ԭϾǴѼ죬ԤϣҲһˡ
ӣͷһ˵ʦ֤ôģʮϡ棺ҪԼ׼Ҫֳ԰ɣԭô˰
˪˵ģһģһ㶼ɡ
ӣΪʦ֤ÿأһǷǳѡ
˪ðɣȵ֮һҪģҪԼĴ²ˡ
ӣһת⼸ڼܵ⼸ɣ
˪ЦˣǵȻ
ӣſӣΪҰί϶Ҫһඣ
Ｘ˶Ц
̫ҲǻӣһҲɣͷ⡣
ദˣ̫Ҳ֪ӣ͵󣬵ѾͷҲ˷ʳ˵óԾͲˣǻ˪ƽľ˵˪СҲɵģÿλСӼǡ
Цţ洫ʵԱ
˪˪ڼţ


62 
͵ŵʵԱ죺һдݰߵĿɲ, һ߾ǿµġ
̫žʪۿСǰãȥԶĵط, Ķܲеأ
ӣʵԱ, ߡ
Ҫ˵ûֻˣҸ˭䣬ϧ̫ļӣǸϽ߲Űɡ
˪бҵŻǴ´ࡣ
һж, ر, Ҳ, ֻ򵽴ܡ˵ˣʣһûԹ⡣ĳܺóԣеҭ, ´μǵ÷ŵɽ顭˵, һжãйͼ
߶߶, дҳֽ
̫۽Ứ, ЦƤ
ӣȻûλ, ǹ⿴־ܸо˵Ļ졣
˭ڴдʲôġûԵ⣬ȴϸİ˵Ŀڸждһ顭ᵽйͼƤЦġ
ӣֱҪ˪ࡣ
ʺӣûĵϱ, ˵ͷĸñӣ˵л֯, ȥů͡
ӣ, ʵܵ
˪, ̫, Ҫ˪дš
ӣҲż⼸ټһζҲŽȥʱһߡ
ﵽ̫ˣ·Ͼһ£һһؾ£ʵǵȲ
ϴθĹȥĳ棬ͳԵ߰˰ˣټĵ㶫ȥӣÿԼĵ˸ɺͰǣԲѣԼ˵ģǱߵǲȱȱˡ
ӣôһ˵˪Ҳͬ⣬̫ӣе㲻˼
ӣȴɶһӣ˭ƲӰ䵽ҲԩĺܣʡоĺúõģƽױȥܰͰһɡ
ӣŽس֮ǰʱ䣬ȥ֪ͨ˳Һͳ񣬳ҺͳĿһֱǸ⣬ڴûأԲ˶ǿǮջǱߵġΪرʱʱŪҰӲ͡
ӣǮջӦҲ֪ŪˣĸӣǮջûʹĶŪ㣬ÿΰڡ
ͺ׵ӣ
ջ£Ҳ͵ɽȥŪҰҲŪ㣬㿴ǲջǱߵˮǸɹɸɡʳ¡ɲҲ㡭
ҲΪҹϵã߾һԷӣö߲ȫǷǮջǱ߾û⡣
Ǯջζ٣ټǮջ⣬Ƽ̽ͷ̽Եи˵Ҫ͵β͡
տʼӣҲ͵βǸɶ
Ǯջ˵ˣ֮ǰ˵͵β͵£βֲβûؼˡԾ˶β͵
Ǯջ״Щ͵͵ŵҲˡ
ڸβͣǽиβ͡
˭Ҳɡ
֮Ǯջ͸һҳҲΪ䵥۸
ӣôһ˵ˣͷӦһͷȥ
ӣǰЩʱ˵ˣʳҪţԼע⡣
עʲôȻѽ
ûӣϸ˵ʵɽһɽǶЩԼҵܳԵҰӺҰˣЩɲݡ
ƽǱ߾ŵأżǶ˯
ڣʱʼˡ
߶׼ȸǮջҴҰˣٰɹɵɽһ㡣طֻԼ֪б޻
ͨӣȻֵǮǮá
϶һѣȴǮջģǮջ׼ġ
ǮջϴθŮգʹźӻһң˵ˡ
ͷôҲϲǮջȻɣһȫˡ
ǮջĵȥǮҵ壬һ̣˻
˵ϾǸǮһˡѾͷҪǻ۴ҴӳʿɻвС
һʣǮջû˵;ܾˡ
Ӹգֲͼڣǲкѡ
ףңҲ⡣ɶ粻ˣɩӽţ˼ңǾǸɩļҡԼļҡ
ļҾڿɽ壬Ƕ
Ǯջźӻ˵һǸ׵һʡԼҴӵ˵ˣϹҲ¡
ǮջĵϢ壬ûƽЩǵǮջһ䡣
۵գǮҵˣ¹޻ŮޣҲϵģѾͷ֣һޣҲ׵ġ
ף˲ĻûҪˡ˭֪ǮѾͷ滹ļ޲ļޡ
Ǯջĵȥһ룬Ҳ˼
ӵ٣ȻˣǵүҲҪ̬ȳ
ⲻǮջɩӵĲ⣬Ǯջ˼һ׼Ĳϸһһ¡
ȻʲôӣϾͷһΡ
ǮջԴ󣬻ǵһյĶЩζӳ¡
ãǳôѵôһѣǹ꣡
ĶѣͷҲĺܹϴĸɸɾžͿۡ
ӣһһǣڸС򽻵࣬Ļӵһճǡ
չһСϧ׼ûȥҧ룬һǮջһԼԡ
ǮջЩʱҲæĺܣӳ˻˫ǰҪһͷҪһʮ͸֣ǮջæŸмֻϱ죬ָһֻһʮ
ӣչȥһȪˮջؼȥ
ʱúܿ죬û͵Ҫǵʱ䡣
ҪǰɶˣҪȥĶҪ¶͸ɲˣҪμӿԣҪһ
һʱ䣬һʱҲ˪ĿԾ͵ûȥ첻˵ǿԻǵøϴϿʼ
ӣȥسסһȫˡ
˪ȥԣס¶ͳɣӣ̫Ͳˣ׼ȥסдų¶ҲԶд
߶ȥ׼ӣȥиţ˵Ҫ̫ȥҽԺ飬ֱӿĽš˳˲ԼõҩģһЩûõģӣҲˡ
ΪԤƺúԼҪ²ǣӣ˼еƱ׼˳ɹһ
ɹʲôأ
ûˡ
Ǹʵ⣬Ǽ̫ˡһҲŲ̫áܼѾȫǳŲסġ
ӣѰ˼Լýȥ˺УƱ
ͣǣҲѵĺܡз࡭
ȥžǸǮĻ
ȻӣҵλҲŨŨΣС
һ͵ȥС٣ȵ˫ҪѸڵķظǣôƴյģҵ׸ס
ӣǵĿʼʰ˪ͷҲ˼١
ѵõ꣬ͷһ˪˵Ҫʦ֤һؿϲȥ²
Ҫʦ֤ô֪
˪û˵֮ǰҵǸ𣿡
ᣬ˪ǸСˡֲǲ֪ЩҪǩֵĶǲֱӸǵ
ĻߣˣѾǵ˪ãֻø¸£ǩǩ֡
֪һʲô룡
ؿڶˣ꿪֮󣬾Ϳ˪ⲻ˳ۡ쵼Ÿ飬ĵģԾûа
Ǵ㿨һ˪ĿģԷȻô٣ڽˡ
⵹ǽֵ̿˪պãȵ֤˵÷سǵˡ
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һ˵ͷ࣬лԾǵ»ܼ
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˪겻Ҫȥʲô֤͵ĳʦʲô
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ĻҵлԾСлҲӰѾɣǽȥѳ֤
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лԾģõģ쵼һŬ
ôŬǵ˪ͷϡ
лԾԼ̫˳ˣǰΪѣǿ֤üޡ
ƫƫҪ˪
лԾ̾ûˡ
˪˽ţִһ¨ӵĸɻӣ̫ȥ˪гȥҳ¶
˵˳¶һϡ
¶ĺԺֵ緹ʱӣ̫ţǰԺͱһüҵ£Ҵ̫̫ڼˡ
ӣǰһ͸˶Է
λ𣿡
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Ŷ~ǳʦһ~
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ۣ˵˭أʦǮƱ϶ָʹģûôҪͽܣʦͶǶʦļҵӰ
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ӣҲսֱ̫ԺߣߡҵȥʦھӶôˣ֪ĻΪǽֵأ
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ӣҪܿģԸģ
¶ŵİ֣ĶɰҿɲҪ飬ͦõģóԵĶԼһ˵ģҺڣҲ̡
̫εİѸղŵ˵ˣ¶ɫ˲ǳɫ
ûУ
¶ױˣʮίҾû˵仰ƾɶܾҾ͸һңҾңҲģ
ӣЦʣҵλʮ㣬û׼һˣܸźĺúõأ
¶ɱ˰ɣĶǿңǿҵļҵˡȥûˣһƱŮģҪǽɿڣ͸ҴһƱסźңû˰ɣ
ӣǲû飬Ȥô죿ҿλ̫̫гġǰԺ۹ˢĺء
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¶תȦɡҾ͸쵼ȥ
һԺӻǹӪĸҶһλģ̫̫ˣʱǹӪϴ˹ȥʹҵСˡҵĴҲǹӪģһʦֵ¸жա
¶ȻղΣҲĶ࣬ӪڵĵƤͷӶԭҵġڹӪڲ˵ϻ
ţʵڲУȥ쵼
쵼ܹܵŰɣ
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ɲܽбΪ׼ϰ鰡⴫ȥ˵ģ
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ǰĻ¶ܹҵ˵˪⻰һ¶Ȼ˺ܶࡣͷһ
˵޹Ա˾׼Է
˪һһֻ¶Ǵĳȥһ
Ĳ˾н˫á⡢罷ͷջˮ
˶Ӳˣ¶һƻȵɫͨ졣
ӣȥ˫ζۣǰԵȫǲһĿڸСۻڴҰɽֱӼζ١
Ŵ罷ͷǣζḻջˮ޶ȼʻ
ӣԵĲֺ
¶һĴָãСĿӦûˡ
⼸ĵζǿˣҪǻò¶֤èأ
˷˾ͳȥȥҩģȻһȥһ


63 
һĵط˲, ϾⶫƾƱӦ˭ҲҲ
һ, ۻԱЦʮ磺һ, 
мҵһģۻԱȻ̬ȺһЩŪŷһƱ಻أĸɲͥҲδظС
ķһֹһӣкģ۷, ĵ, Ƶġ
ۻԱָűϺƵ˵⼸ǺƵ, ҪǲҪƵģҿԸǻġ
һϲôҪһ̨Ͳˣг, ֳܷߵ͡ڵķһĶϸ, Ӳ
̫ۣҲ, ǸҲ
ӣŲοһ, һ̨ơ
۹, ׶ģ׶ӣ
һ׶, ̫;ɣһࡣΪ̨, ֶۻԱǮ, ΪƷƵļǮ
ۻԱ̫˵, ǮƱ, ҲˡһķһʵȥѾ룬ʣµֻм̨ԣΪһƱǸдӵģҲЩֻд˷һһ̨Ʊݡÿм任ӵС鷳ԼڲܵյǮǵѡ
ۻԱʵͬ־ǵķһ׼ô˻ȥأֻҪسǣǵܰŸ͵ҵġ
ҲйĴ󳵣һʹҲġ
ӣû£ȡ͡
˪˲վͲ˳æѷһ˵ϣɽ·ߣʱ¿ٸŪӡ
˷һȥĶθİǹĹҵһװŸֲ˸ɣɶǣɣĢӡ׼˵ǿ飬һţ̫׼ѡ
һ£Ǳ߲ҪǮ˵ûطáͷﻹеǮð¡ָ̫˸Сװ˶ʮǮ
ǮװΣͷӲֽӵһ㣬ֻҪõһ
ɫ磬̫ȵдӣһҽԺҩĽˡ
ڶһ磬͵˪ȥԵʱ
ӣֱ̫Ӫ꣬¶˪ϡ˳˸緹ò˵緹ǻࡣ
Ӫÿ϶ӦӣĶԡϻһڱصĶУûڵĴͱ
¶ˣⲻϾҨһϼ˿˿Ƶ鼦⣬ľƻ˵϶룬Ķһһ롣Ũļ϶ԣζӶˡ
ӣһ붹ԣһݶִ𶹽ڵġ
̫سǳԵˮ㰡
ڼʱžǺͣⶼ취ʵڿҪǳ¶ܰæԻЩƱƱͶ
ӣãһϣ򶹽ͶԵģӵĻ١
¶İѼ֭ԹθɾŶ˵ӣɾˣӿɲһǴǿɶҪƱƱһ򵽣ʱȥˮ٣ÿͶǵȥեͶû٣ҪǵﻹҪʳԡ
¶۷϶ɿģ˪С߿֤ͷͷһϻҪˡ
¶һֱָ˪ģһͽܷչãô˵Ҳͬж࣬ܽѧϰ˪ֺã¶ͽ֮ܽüʹϿ˵ȥʦҲʡ
һǴͲˣ˪£ͽܵТѡ
¶Ӧζˣղ˵Ͻ⻰ʡٰͽܸŵĲզ죿
¶͵㿼˶֤ͷҲܸߵģǹӪʦĴһʮ߿飬ټӹ䣬Ҳʮ϶ˡ
ǣ˪дģ׼һһǡ
ӣĹ޷Ҳһ˽ǰط־ʵûҪ
¶ظ⻹򵥣ϱͷͳˣֲ𡣡
سһҲٿǮڱģ˪϶ͳǮ
˪ûӣЦнӹͷȲ˵ˣҲһͷҲܵسأ˵ˣʦұǵҽģ³䣬Ҳɲ
Ĺǽ䣬ҪôЩûмģǮĹҲǶԼҺӶҪһĶ
ҽǲΧڵģϾǼߵĹȥɶҲҲܸ˿
ӣ˪ζ֤һҲǴﵽسǵˡҲץʱ䣬ĸҲԼĹҲسǵһ
¶ŷģСͺãǴٺùҲʺһֱǶҪⷢչ
Ҵҳ緹¶ȥˡ
ӣ͵͵˪㲻˵ʦղզզܹź
¶Լܻղ㶥£ҲǶʦһûȻڹӪ˵ϻĵһˡ
˪ⷹǰʦҵģټҲˡ
ôˣӣϾͼʶˡ
¶ЦеĶһЬĸ߸˵ʦͿʼɣ㺰ʦۼⶨһĿ˳ҾͲռˣͽܽҲڣҲҾռĩɣ
ʦϲ⣬ΪŮϲҪǿҲضõģ
µĳ¶һʦϾ͹ЦݣСİһʦͽܵģ˭ûʶأУ㲻ռˣҾ͡
Ҫ˵ʦ͹ˣ󻹸ŸСࣺϳ£զ˵أǸĿˣ
¶ЦʦǰԺӣϱǸø硣
Ҫռ˵ҲõӪĹʦϰǰģɲСӣ
¶װ޴ӣѽ˵û˵ʦõģǷҲһãⲻǴǰЩҲû˵ҪռųⰡ˵ˣֶҲҪ
ﻰ⣬վʦһˡ
ʦּǰ¶кΪľǸֶһµֶĴӡжոͦˣʦ֤
ʦ֪СӵϹ򲻵ңǰżˣʱռų⣬ֱӰֶȥ
ʱ¶û˵ԸⰡ
զأ
ʦԹۣһһݣˬĲˡ
ǵķسһӪ꣬ʦʦһĳʦ¶ǶģͷռŸ¶һƬĵƤͷӵ£Գ¶ϵĹµģʵϻʦ˹Ŵ󲿷ֵ顣
ʦеԵˣΪʦͳ¶ʶ˻סĽǵλֵķӡʦϱǱ߷ֵķӣ·Ǳߡ
еĹ涨ǣֻܷһηӣϱǱ߷˷ӣʦûзַʸˡ
ʦԭǺܸ˵ģϾ·λֵķӶͲ¥ֵķӶǴԺ
ɽģʦ
סĽˣⲻ͸ʦһ͸¶ǰŵĴԺ̧̧Ⱦܴһ顣
ʦмڳ¶ĴԺסţ϶Ҫкܶࡣ
ʦ⼸ûʦʦǵ溰¶Ǵûй
ⲻͰų
ʦϲԣﲻûġ
¶Ǹϻͷڷ굹ûбֳʲô򣬵ǿסʦ˰
ʦʦĵĹġ
Ҳ֪ôϳˣϳôӡ
ãֻҪ˲һգʦĲС
ϽջʦϳҲû˵ֶοܵñӰɣˣҲȣӵҽӹٽһʣǷ֡Ҳƽ
¶˵߬ʦ֣˵ãҾþô죡
ʦֺǺǵģ˵˵ǿɶΪģһ˽ĶûУϳȻ˵˱ӣһ˽
ʦ
Сӵ˭أ
˽˽ƨ
˭֪ճµиͽܣĪ˵Ƕͽڳһ˵׼ܹ
ʦҪ¶ȥ˽Ҳڰ
Ÿ¶мֽ飬ûֻ˵˵
˭֪¶СӾȻڣ
֪֪ͲʡǵǮˡ
ʦڵóӶˡ
ŰѱֶȥҲΪ⼸ʦһͽûءʦͽǰͿ˶ٰ֤ϼܰʦİӹȥ
¶Ͳ˵ˣͽպãҲܵ
ԼĴӴ˼꣬жһɺü꣬ˮƽûС
ʦöˣΧ˶ָ
¶һܴͽܣһһʦƾɶ
ʦżǣŸͽиȥ
˭֪¶Ȼ
ʦϳ£ϳ¸ϸ˵
ʦܸ
ǱȻܰ
ʦʦϾҪʼˣʲô㻹ǵȽҳʦ˵ɡ
¶ͱм䣬ҵ
һͨʹˣӣҲˣͱͱ˪㿴ʦڸɶأ۸𣿡
ӣãҪǵ۸¶ʦǿǲС
ȥʰˡ
˪û¡ʦԲ˿
¶һƽ漸ˣ˪ȻᣬǿҲˡ
¶ǾСүٻԵҲǹܹҵġƺҪԡ
ȻһûʲôյĴΪʲôڷ˵ã
ӣ˪С˵꣬Ŀࡣ
ͳ¶շһĴͷȻǸкڡüһֶθϱҽԺİ칫ҶҲʲôˡ
СڱϿ֡
¶أճ˽
ʦʤ
ʦ̿һɫʦֱʼǩ
ǼԺȰǩӳˡٶ
ʦü
Լˣ
ʦᣬزҲû취ˡ֣Լıֶй
ʱŵ˵һ֮ͨǰҸ׼ǲˣţʦѧ˳ģĿζƫǹҡʦѧ³ˡȻʦǼһȡᣬ³˶һ㡣ֻҪʦ˸ͨҲ͸ͨƱһƱܲһ
ʦ˵Ҳûףڻǵͻ򣬵ζ֮أǿȺµĹ
һζʵǶ״Ҳûʲôá
ƫֶӵ壬Ĺһû⣡
ӵȵĺܣʦ岻١ǵһǲеġ
Ͳֺˣ
ӵβͶҪ
Ⱦ;Լ̫ѣжһɺü궼ò͸һ¡
ʦǲȡģǸޣžͲദʦԼϵãҪǴյʦǰٲҪʦ
ȻʦദǾֻʣһʦ
ӵţԼҪõ˵ͨһ͵ǳʦˡ
ҸʦǰԺĵðӵ¶ģ͸˵˵ûʦôҲҪǰԺĹϵϸͨ
ӵһת⻹ǳˡ
ʦǸͷ
˵ʮǮ
Ҫʦһ³ʦ֤ܶ͵ĺ
Զ˵ʦûŮģԺأ
ӵĸԼ˵һͨһ룬ȷʵ
¶𿴳ĲôҲ֣ڵǽи̬ûһӵģϸˣԵĲݣžû
һӾԸˣ¶һѣܸӽ滹зӹʵģôȥˡ
ӵҲ̵ģûȥ¶ǰڵ¸ʦܵó˵
ﶼ˵ˣǱ߽չ˳ġ
ɼҪ˶ܸʦһˡεĿԣӵԼʮþȡ
ӵŵʦʦ˶ˡ
ǣĶ˵Եİ
ʲôû
ҵʦｹģȴظ˵Լһ

ûǸ֪
ʦһϵģγʦ¶СҲҷˣٲŬ㣬Ҳ
ӵΨΨŵŵﲻΪ⡣
ʦ㲻֪ҸʦĹϵ
ʦһҹģ
뷨ӵȥǩˡ
˸һ
ʦüëҪˡ
ӵͦȥʼԣȻʦǿһѣ˶˹ʹˡ
ʦʲôвýеģ㿴⵶Ǻϴ˵Ķеǿ˿ȻеĸСָͷһû׼ǻָͷǸȱȣ٣УӼļ鶼ˣѡĲƹϣЦǵλ𣿡
һ㿼˵ôݣϾǿԲǽѧǡ
¶ʮʦ
̤ĲˣѾڳгʦˮƽˡ
ʦɫˣԼ˵ӵĺֻ
Ҳӵѵˣӵô
ǻƹ˵»ƹϵģ˳һ̻ƹƬô£
ҲϣʦĻһ棬ӵһƤ񣬲⣬Ƕų¶֡
¶ЦǺǵģһ㲻ԥ˸
ӵ˲ˡ
ⲻ԰
ﲻ˵Ѿ㶨ʦ𣿳ʦզܸ
֮£ӵʦĲûôˡ
һ꣬ʦҲ˲ˣѴ㶵ͽܳһʹ硣
ǲ⣿Ϊʲô֮ǰ˵»ƹϲǽ𣿾ôΪɶӼҲǽ̹£զܰӼˣ
ʦҪУҲǸְʦ̵ĻԼֶһ㶼˽ġ
Է͸ôһر
ӵӦðôܲͨأﶼ˵˰
ӵĵĲ⣬ʦѾ⣬벻Ϊɶʦ
ʦҲԼûǸӣһƨ
ӵ߶߶ʦҲعζ˵˭˵ɶˣ
ӵżʦͻе˵˵ˣϾܸʦһҵİʦܿҪҺˡʦ˵ʦҪҺˣզܲҹأⲻӦð
ʦͽܴ㶲ͽܵ쿪
ֲأ
ֲó¶Сӽˮˡ
ֲó¶һӷʦվһȥˡ
ԭĸɵĺ£


64 
ʦǽһ, ǰˡ
ôҲ벻ԼǰͽҰ취ͽܵǴһں泶ȡһ˶Ϣķʽȡ
¶, ϰ
ҲͷϰԼ, Ȼ¶ֻҪųȥسܴϵýŶȥ
˵ˣǳĺÿֽ
һС̫̫ҲϵãԼҼϱļ¶, ּ, ƾɶó¶Ǹ˾ܿ
ʦǿѹŭʵ֪¶ǰǸɶİɣ
ӵµ˵ʱ, Ǻɫʱҡ
ʦǽǰǳСүǳ۷ڵĵƤӣסһƬԺӣͳͳģ֪֪¶ĸǺɫʱң껹Ϊ˸, ʿ¶ʱͰԼҵĲҵȫ, ûˣ˼µǳʱһ, İͶûͰѼҵȫ, Լ˸Ժӵ䷿ȥ쵼ˣ
ӵͨͨǳʦǲǺǮ
ղΪ¶ǿ, ѾǿҪˡ
Լͼľǳ¶ķӣڿ, ʦɽ¶ˮģǼҵӿ϶Ĳа
˰, , ӵֱð, ȥ, 㣬ýгʦĺá
˭иŮٳ֣ʦƽסںԺ䷿Ͽ϶ǲġﳣȥʦϴѴɨġ
ʦûһǻڿûϵģԵȣ
ʦһţҶ˵ˣ㻹л᣿
˵Ķˣ
¶ܣҲԲῴϱˣϣҲԲ
ǳжأ˴ûϣǧеġ
¶ǳү˼ǹܹôĳӵģڣǾǳ
ֹǳʱ¶ļҵаô࣬Ҳֻǳ¶Ҳҵһ֡ʱأڹݣ˼Ҷвҵġ
ʦԼȻ˸Ĵͽܣƾ¶ӣ껹ܺ˵ĹΪ˼äϹ˼Щ궼飬ƾɶʮȥһӷ׷ȣʲôˣֵܼɲŵĲˣ
ʦԽ˵ԽҡͷӵΪ¶ڷŹ£Ϊ¶ֻʦ֪
¶˼ҵ֮ǿԸڱģ¶ǲԸȥ˵ϲԣҪ۵ӡ¶ܾвɷãҲԸҪκκôԸһͨĳʦʼ
¶쵼һ㣬˭֪ϼһ·
ͽܾȻƳ¶
ƣ¶
ܳˣ⻰˵֡
¶˾ʲôˣ㻹
˭ϼһļҵأ
ӵͷﻹЩġȻǲզǼҼжء
ʦǲҪŮˣܲҪӣ
ԸʦյġҪʱճҲУ
ʦӵ⸱ӣĨһ˾
ͽܣҪˡ
̫ˡ
ˣܻԼĻ
ԼǸãһ˻ܸŶϹ֡
ҸоõĲУѱ˶ɵӿ
Űɣ¶ʰǡ
ʦϣͽܷ˾ͷˣݹϵҪԸ߶߶Ը÷޶ŽѾ˼ˣǷģ
ʦ⣬תͻȥŸ˴֣ͬǣϹһЦһӸⲻͬ
¶һԣʦ˳ų¶˵Ͳдˡ
ʦ
Ȼ˵Ƕ֣ҲǺܶ㡣
¶ǸֺǺǵĳԲ˵
ղȫСӣ
ܸ͡ӡ
¶ôãզû˾Ȼһιȥء
ƽʱžǸ㾫ĳԻ
ڼҵסҲû񣬵ɽʱ򻹸˿ٹǼëֵģ˵Ҳ˭ҵĻ
ӣһһѾڳ¶ǾͽܵϱԶˡ
¶ֺǺǰѲĲ˷ֳһָӣ
ʦȥûʦʮֻӣһˮ
ӣ
ǳԲ˰ɡ
ڶλμӿ˵ҲʦһͲĹͷ߬źڱһš
¶һ峴ܲ˿ζԣܲ˿ҲеľȡɼȵġȻһбһ˿
бⲻҪ֤⳴ۻʮֽ
ѵõǣͷȻ㣬һյĺܺá
¶˼˸ͨҲˡСͷֱֵĸߡ
ȵλȻһλϴ㣬ʮ࣬һû̬ȡ
趹˿ŶһԱˣ˵ﶹ
ϴдʣҼЩǸɶģ֡ﶹԼġըõͶмȿŪٰѼ˼ӽȥȻ¹ըһ¶͡󹴸֭ľ͸ղڳȿһֱ¶͡
ʦ̫˵㡣
ϴһ֣ɶζóԲ͵ˣ˶ˣʳøɻʱżһΣЩСǶҪġ
ӣһڣӲӵĶ۵ļһ㽴֭ǡôеĿ϶֭һҧ֭ˮ
΢Ҫһ׷׷ܳһ
ʹʳĹڵһģһǲġ
ʦô֤ģһʳҲ֤İɣ
ϴ㣺˭˵ãʳǸ֤ƣβϡƾɶźΪ֤͵֤ҲŲܣ
¶ЦеģҾϴĲӦø
òǵһ˵㣬ҪԴҲһҪӲ
¶ø˹֤鲻֡
ʦôѳ¶ŤתԼأæ͸磺Ҿÿԣ
ˣ˶ͨʦǾҲֻͬ⡣
ǵﶹȷʵóԣѶҲСǸԴˡͨҲеġ
ǰ꣬ʣºˡ
˪һվ̨ߣʦ˳ǩһʼ
Ҫ󲻸ߣֻˣһһǿԵġҪĵˣвͬҪһһ̫ˣһ鿪ʼ
ӣ۾˪˪ڼ⼸ڿ죬ϡǣ˪Ƕһÿζһ
Թ˪γʲô⣬׼ʲôӣԼҲûֻ˪ҿһ⣬һæʰɽҩҪм⡣
һߵҲʮ죬߶ֽ
̫һֵ˪ˣҲҲڣſڻһȺԱ
룬СӶа꿼һң
ؼǳ˲ŰǸʦͽܣÿ
˼ˣʦͶء
ϴλҦ˳Сϱ˵أ˳û
˳ˣ˵Ǽ¡
˵أģҪڣ϶ǰͷš
ۣÿ찡

ܿ죬˶Լĵˡ
˪ܽؼƬ˿ɽҩƬ˿
һɫǺܺÿ
˪⼸Ѷƫߵģúܷѽ⣬ǳǩ鵽⣬˪ӵǵΪʲôҲû򵥵İ
һģԼĵ˾Щͨˡ
ĵǴＹ˿ع⣬˿
û˪ķḻҲֲ̫ߵˮƽ
¶ͽĵ˰ǰȼһ˿ɽҩ˾͵óȳԣ΢һ㶼ζ
ɽҩžӨһǿǣִɽҩ˿֭ˮ
ʦĽʵ¶Ľһµͽܡ
ʦͺˡ
ͽܣ¶ͽڿԼͽǸ
أүôôƽ
ʦ˿ɽҩĲ
ٳƬըǡô֭Ҳĸոպá۽㣬ƬСƬҲͬ񱡣ըõƬֺÿֺóԡ
˿Ŀĵˣ˿ƹ˿Ƥ˿ܲ˿˿гɲϸ֭迪ɫͷףͣž˱ǵζ
ܽؼƬʵ˵ĿֻǸ˸Ҫ˵Ҫı̬ʦ̲һĲ˾еġ͡
˪һףܽؼƬ
ʦľԼ˵ܰĺóԣ˪ȴûԥѡˡ
ܽؼƬҪѼɼأ뼦壬Ҫɫܰ״̬ȻҪʼƬһҪ֤򲻴С̫߰ѼƬɱɫҲ̫ͲΡ
õļƬҪһԲ滹Ҫƽûݡ
ʦԼе
ʦһ͹ƣúúã
ܽؼƬ³ҲǺѵһˣ˪Ȼܰĺóԣ̫ѵá
ʦҪǮϳ°ͽǿһеġ
ȻûԴˣ˵ˮƽѾǿˡ
¶¶æųأӦһ
ӣͱͱ¶¶ŤֶӣʮֲԸķӣһ㣬ӣһԾ͵ɴ۾ܽؼƬǵһγ˪أȻ˵ʢƬ㣬ζŨ
˶˹
ԱߵѾЩŤˡ
ʦƫƫüޣǴＹըĻ̫Ǵ֭ƫ𡣡
˿ζˣЩ̡
ع˿
Ӻ˵Сվ
ˣҲ
еָ˪Ҷˣίͽܣǿ϶ƫۣƾʲôôͲܹҶɳʦʮˣôͲܶ
ûжģԼԽ˵ԽԼ·˵ڵĻ˵Լ
ҲǷϵǸСղΪʲôܹǼͷΪ˸ͽ·иղΪɶȳĲȳҵģⲻǹżң
Խ˵Խ֣ʦɫˡ
һһʦΪһԵĲʶ
ֻҪ۵˾Ͷܿ˪ĲѶȺܸߣѾǶˮƽˡ
˵ˣһ鿼ֲ˾˰ԼûͨԹ˪ʵǲ֪ν
˭Ԯǰɣҵ˵˵㣬ֲǹӪ䣬ûҪֳһģҲǰˮƽķ֡˼պãͨˣղûͨ˵ײû˶ɣ㹦򲻵ҡ˵ĹȥԼ
ӣڱ϶ˣλʦͿ湻ģһģⲻָű˱Էղ
ȻʦĻϽͣ۾ˡ
˵ٻôղãĲˣ˶ģǷͿһ˳ţ˶˵ĺãѧʮ꣬ôղã
ãѾӳɼŤתյ׺òõˡ
ʦȫλͬ־ǽļѶȶһ㣬ǴＹĳҲģлع⣬ʦǸûͽó
޹ʱcueʦллҵͽܡ
ʦ˵˿ղſĻиءƾʲôΪ
ʦճԷղСļҲˣҲ˵ģ˵ǸƬͰ˿ɽҩһҿҶܽؼƬΪ㣬ʣȲֳȻҪСȣֻҪıǿͷ㡣
Ԯʦҵɫͨ죺Ҳ˭֪ǻ᲻ٰӣ
ʦƢôΧȺأǲдʵڲǾʹ·ô˵ػ˵㲻У㲻š˵±ȣ˵ҰӡôţҰСĶĨ˸㣿Ҫ𣿡
ԮΪѣſڴſڵķԱѾָָˣͷԷʳͶдչֵġ
Ҫ֤ƫԼ̫
Ҳһʱȴ²̨
ӣǿˣҪ˵λԮͬ־£ҲûУʹʢղſű˹ԼûԲһʱͷˡ
¶ʱվԲͬ־Сʦղû˵ΪĿҳģҲûʵ˵ͦõġղĵˣ˿ͻعеĺܺãɼǻ˺ܶꡣ
Сձ˳һͨͻȻ˿϶ᶼűǲҹʮͿʼѧڶʮ壬ʮ껹˶
¶ЦҡͷʵģѧⶫҲʦġεĵˣûص㡣ӵģǹġҲʶ֪ǵģǲǾ˿ͻع⣿
Լֲ˵ȻãҪߵĸԶҪԼҪһЩ
ʦӦǽȵΪض԰ɣȵȻãţߡȻı׼ı׼
ǴＹ򲻵λ̫ţҿ㿪͹ʱͻţȥͼ̡ûעʱ䣬ǻеİղо˿ҿʱֶˡ
ȥúǿҲǶԼ𣬶Կ˸𡣡
¶һͨԮ˵ﺬᣬͷ
ӣ˪֣ʵʦһֱʱʱǲҲ༦
˪֪ʲôǹ༦ϵǰ༦Ӧþǳ¶˵ϻ
˪һտʼͲˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ¶һ˵С˪ͻʾһ£Ҳ㻹˵ҡ
ѳ¶ŪûƢҲ಻ȥ
Ԯʰ˶ʦͳ¶һߡ
Դġ
ʦһµĳȥˡ
¶߹˪ļ򣺡˶ɶܣ
˪ְȥܾʲôʱһ
¶Ц˵ҵŰɣȰꡣ
һĿҪȥʡǿģûô򵥡
¶ȵʱ˵һ¡ţףһ°ɣ
˵˪ʦˡ
иչԵͽܸףԼͨġ
¶һ㲻˼ģˣ⣬ӣմš
ӣʦٳԵذɡ
ϾǼ֭ԣҲԲˣ绹Ҫȫ⡣ӣ³¶Ѫѹ
¶鲻ԸԶǡ
ӣˡ
¶Ŀһӣţһɡ
Ͳˣ
ʱʦŸˡ
¶ЦеʣôСͬ־Ը㵱ͽˣ


65 
ʦһ£Ϲ˵ʲô, ˭˵ͽȥˣǿСͦѧģ۵ӲҪԸԸ
ʵϣԮһʮ, Ǹ˪һڹ緹굱ʦġʦҲʦ, ǰŸһͷ
Ԯͷѧ˼֣ȥǼѾˣȻ֣ǸŹɨäѧ, һЩ
ο, ԮίĲ, ʦûҲ֪զǻʮǮسһʵġ˻û˵ϸͽȵſ
ȵȵû
Ԯ˵Ͱ͵, ʦȴԼ񵽱ˡ
ûʦ, Ǿͺð
֣ԼҲǷ̩ˡ˸ͽ, ֳһĺӡ
ʦĺúõģҿɲ, ͽܶ, Ҫ˼ҪˡϽͽܳУ
ʦģžҪˡ
֮żӵȥҲΪ, ϾˣĳҪճϳµ˼, Ӧǻͽ˪ϡ
ϳԼеλ, ͽҲ, »Ͼǰ϶ˡ
ʦĹ, ʦҪԼҵСӣҲѧֵ
ǰմͽܣٰԼӸͽܴ
ʦС겻ǸӣڲʮģӰҲõ꣬ȵýӰ࣬Ҳʦִ

ʦԼŵԲԲ˭֪ӵǸ¿
ʦ̾ϳ£డ
ų¶ڽ࣬Ĩǣȥ
˼ǣҵͽӵǸ¿ҵҲаģʲôĲ֪ͷǺܵùǣġ
һ¶ǸЦ
ʦסˣϳ£㿴㣬զСۡƵġǶĽˣҾӹҲܰһ𰡡
Ṉ̀ˣӴڼﱻϱǹʹһԸһѹǸģ׿ҵᣬ⿴Ӷһ档
ʦ˵զɣûΣӵǸСӰ˼ˡ˵զզ죬ҽӵȥϴӣ
¶⻰˵ģͽܰӻ̫Ϊ˵㡭˷ֵķȥˣСỹҪġ
ʦɣͰ졣
ϵù˭Լʦأ
ʦҲ¶ΪɶôһȦӽ棬¶˽ģֵ׵ʱ򣬲û꼰˻첻ߣֱһɣ˵ԼҪˡ
Ҳ֪զŪãһɫ׵ҲǼͽıڣ˱ŸƱһɣ˭ȥŪ
ͷžҪˣ˵ɶʱ͸°һ¾͹ȥŪҪҪۻ
ټϳ¶쵼Ҳ˵˵˵¶ʲôˣһëûеģϰ඼Ԥ֧ĹʳԷֵǮŸ쵼˵ĺգ͹۵ĵط
ôŪţ¶ȻҲȫȫˡ
ʦԼʱΪ¶Ҫˣһϵ
¶ôŪ˰꣬ڵȵƽˣֳǵĳӣƽʱҲ͵ĺܣʱԵСͻ
Ҳ
µˣµСˡ
С˱ƼˣʲôҸɳ
ʦȥʰӵȥˣ׼ӵ̫̫ƽƽĻķȥжա
ʲôϾʦͽϵҲ˵͸Ŵʦ֣ԼԵͽܡŪŹˣԼݣЩƨһմ
¶ǰ£ĵĺܣСͽķ
ֻҪʦѹӵͷٸԼĺԺСţһǰԺǣˡ
ڣ
˪˼ˣ¶ʦǶŪһƣ˳Բ˺ȾƣǸ˪ףͨ
˷˾ȥȡһ͵վ˪ѹӣǴ̫һгء
һشӣ˲ͰӣҸΧˮйͨ
ԹԣöûأСϱΧſ̫̫Ǹǰ̫м䣬ûҪǮһð
Ȼ̫ѾԼҪһ·ųȥˣûģܲĽ
ҵù
һ̨һףӶǰˡ
һˣ̫˵СڵķӣȴϽܾʵǿôģס
ϡٲҪŽû˭̫æģӣ˶죬Ҳ˽˭̫ϵãǰѶ̫סݰɡ
̫ƴǲǴӦˡ
Ⱥһѷ䶼Χ̫䣬ӣɿһɣⲻȥû֣ȥһɻ͸оҵĺˡ
д˵ȥٺסҲû
˪˵ƣҲæȥˣҲӣ
СģӣͻȻָ˪Цҿһ㡣
ɲǰ˪ųĺã̫ߡʱǻõģӣЩƫݡ
˽꣬˪һЩģҲÿ
ӣԼҲˡ
ǺԵڱ仯ǰĸɰͿݣڵİˮƤǡ
ӣ룬ƻԼǽָĹЧǸߵĽָɱĲУֵǿǵС
˪ˮ۾ɤ۷ɣ˾ƵԵʰɣҲѵú϶ߵľơ
ӣʦǣҲýǰ룬ôܽǡ
ӾǿһܲҲȥɣ
ܸоҪǱ˪Ѻܶࡣ
˪סʲôǾҸӪӵҽҵĹ
˪ֻҪȥ˶Կڵĵλ϶ܿԼվȽŸ
ӣǵҲǡ
ղֻŽҽԺʱҽԺõĶҽѧԺͻУҵˣֻǸбҵûϴѧġҰ·ӡҪȥǺѡ
ǺˣʱйӪӵҽҰ
ڵĹӪǿѹ˵ϲȫ˵ģжҽңʲôƣȫ
ӣԽԽÿԣҽԺͲҽԺɣȥҽҲеġ
˪Ĭһ˵ֻҪÿԣҾʦš
Ŀĵͺܲ׼
ӣûûεģʲôԸⰡҺԸġ
˪
ӣȻԸ⣬ӾЩ㣬ϱǰʮ궼ھһ·ҽƶɹ࣬ƽûεĹҲûʱİáֻܳϢʱȥԵġ
ˣҵˣ꣬ĩˡ
ӣֹ˼꣬Լѧҽϴɾӵˡ
ĺۣҲ˴
֮󣬾ѾȷԼʽ
ǾǣŹ
׼ƽƽСҽȵ߿ָȥҽƴѧȻ󡭡
׼һ·϶Уʦ
ӣϴʣ˪ͬ־ҪӵҽŶҾݹͺʺҡ
٣㡣
˪Ը⣬ϳǿҲͷǾͺá
ӣƾҲԵˣԾ˯˸

һɵĺ䶯ڼ齨СŶҲ𽥳֪͡ҲϤķΧǿȣѾ˿ֿʼдˡ
ķΧУڵÿȵһʱ䣬Ҳӭһռڡ


66 
ӣϱûũ峤, ũӡԼһͬ£ĸԸ⵽ϼũ, ʱʱҪŮĸũƷλͬ¾ռڸǷԡ
ν, ӻûƣѾ۵ĿֱӳԵʱ䣬ÿǰİµһ֮䣬ɫɢʳζʵСʿϲͬ£궼ҪæȻʰżܲӱһ, н֬
ӣԼ, ÿζʰˮ, ʵõˮϼŴԲӣɫС£Ҳ˱ǡ
ͬ¿ٳĳ, 겻ѣǰϼ, Ӳ͸Ҫǵġ⼸귴ǴҶ, Ұǰʱ仹˵ȥǶ, ˵ҪûȥιţҪǴɲ, Ʋ˶Ҫ۸󻹸ߡ
˭뵽̶ʮʱ, ԺǾѾܻٳĳأ
ֽ׶ǱˣӣŲñҲվͷ뵽˺ҵռ
ũ˵һΡ, ˵ľӵĳܿ졣жأӣ, һǰ, ӻ, 챩ɹ˵ϣӾͭࡣ
¹ڼҳԷģڵɻģֱӾ;ۼȳϡ
и֣ɤźͬ־ǣڵ˹ؼʱ̣ǵʳΣ͵ļ£ھǼʱˣ
ҪץʱգСĶӳҪ֮ǰֺõĵطղɣǾͲؼңԼķ͵ͷϢ

ӣվΧҲոȾ
ҳǮջҲˣһһиһû£ˡ
ӣи첱Ӵֵӣ˶һӾԱߴ˽
иզˣҲ
ꡭ㲻֪ļ𣿡
զ
ǰŵӰǱ߹ܿǵϡϡġ˵ûֺãǱߵ磬Ѿˡ
ʹǳҵ찡
иҲһͽǸϽգűĴӻûʼתϽ˷ˡ
Ͻ˰ɣŽҲãǱӣ۸Ͻˣİ
˭˵أҺǰշ⣬⼸׼ٶٴ⣬ûˮɲС
ӻռٷ𣿡
ˣǰͻˡҽҲϹȥ

иָʾߵͷˣСϽӰɣҪһϾѵ˯ͷ
и˵û飬˯ͷɶ⵽˹ؼʱ򣬾ôҶ˯ͷɣ
иصĻȷŷţֲػ
Щҵĥ󹤣ʹɵˡ
иģǿ϶
ҶɵֵĶϺͲˣĶܱȵϵĴƬʳҪ
иһ£ȫӵ˶Աˡ
ӣ̫ҲУӣ˵ũҲûʲôҲġ
̫˵˪ڷ궼ڰγʱϻأģȥʳˡ
ǮջҲӣվһǰʱɹһʮĴ֣ǲģи˶ˣǹ֣Ϊľܾʳ
ҲǵЩƽʱлɵβԾ͸ɴЩ˺֪Ƿһ
ӣ̫С鳤˸жɹʳĻ
ǮջҲɹʳ
շ֪꣬Ǳ߾ɧһ
ӣ̽ͷ̽ԵĿֲ̫֣Ǿ÷ֵĲƽ
ȻԶС鳤ŭ𣺡Ҿôˣ⼸ﶼԼİݹҪɵģӣҽиĵģԤžȼǮջмҪιﻹиһޡ˵̫˼ôˣܽ𣿡
С鳤ԼôѾܹƽˣΪ˽Щ֪ǲǰ֪ġڻǲԸ⣬ﻰⶼָժԱ֪ࡣ
С鳤ĭ˽һڱѾ˵ˡ
ھǺڡ
ô˰ʵǺˡ
ᷭһ۸ڣ۹ⲻ֪ƮȥԱߡ
Ավŵģ̡
̴ŸҼûѣµʱһ˻ᴩԼĺѣƵĴҲۡ̾ʹŰɫĶϥǴһĳ㡣
Ƶһ·ҲһĿӡ
ʱûٹ۲̣ڸϸ̵ۡ
ƾ岻ʱȥļƣ˵ͲܲˣعҲżٿ顣
ȷ㣬һҧȻû̼ǸɶģѾ׼жˡ
Ҫ֪ǻǲһ֮ھ͸ԼģϾ·˼͸˹䵽ũ塣
кõģᲢųһ˴ֵܽö࣬Сϰץסᡣα·ũ壬ӦĽͻȻ֮˽飬ϡ
Ϊ˲磬һȽŲõĹ¯
ᶼ˵һǹݵģǹ¯ʮ겻ְֹĻ
һֱ֣ӸŪû˳·ԭԤļദķչҲˣҲֻסһڡ
ӶͳһĨ˺ϸĶŽ˵֪࣬㲻Ҫ˵ˣȻҪָӵġЩũǶܸɣôܸɣ
˵Ŀһ̣ڴҲסһ̵˽ҲٵĿǾֻܰԼ̵ӡˡ
֮ǰ֪鶼ȽϻƽʱȻģ˵Ҳһһ׵ġĵһ죬̻ķ˽ڣ˵ҲǼΡ
̾͸ı˼·Žʱģ̣ȻҪͶãǿһ㣬ʶһ㡣
Ȼ̿жһ˿졣
ϲ˵֪࣬㿴ҶΪ㵢˲ٽˣǸϽʼɣܵաȥôΪأ֪Ҳá
ڱС鳤һֱͨ˵䣬ɫѾǺѿˡ
֪ӳڱ˹ߣ֪ȥ֪ǸԾͶʼ˹
ںŰϸĿ
ȴ⣬Ѿڸ󲿶һµˡ
ڶЩίˣװΪʲôԼȥͷءզһ죬˾Ѿˣ
ίͰ͵ȥ󣬰ῴ͸˻һУڸ˾롣
ڣ
֪ڲİӿҲᣬӣߵĹҲɣ죬
һ֣һǱĴ˽š
ӣ˴ңֱӾƾٸҩ֮Ъһ˾ͻʰȥɻˡ
ˣû˵һС˿ھͲɻġӣǴӳҪ˵ǲȾ˼ǶֱˮϴɾͽŸˣ˭ᵥһ˴ء
ӣЩģ͸и˵ˣ֪ͨС飬¹ʲôëֻҪǼѪˣ
㲻ҩþƾһҲȺŪǿ
˵𻨽СݳݳСƷСչһϹûͣͷϵ֮ͣ˷˵Ĺ¡
СƷһ˭֪Ķ˿ھͻ˷磬ֻҪѪ˿ھͶܴ⡣
磬̫Ȼȥˡ
ӣǮջȥƣ㲻ȥ
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ûǮջųȥʳˡ
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һ󷹺УζҲС⳴Ľ㣬˪֮ǰѬ飬ټ֮ҲܺóԡӶۣͳ˱ǡ
һߣӣǮջжξĵطұܿ˼ˡȥķпѵֻͷʲôûС
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Ϊ˲ۣϼˣʵǰġ
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죺Թԣúȡġ
ӣҪ󲻣Ҹһͷһ˵ҩ
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ӣ𻨣ӻզѵ𣿡
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㣬ûʱܸϴӵ߷塣
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ӻҪѡˣٵѿɲС
˵һл˪ڱϾְ󣬷Ҳһ˸˵Ļиԣ
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ӣ̫æϾŵ࣬ʰ˻ؼҡݲһԣϴ˸˯¡
յæµһֱ죬˵죬һС顣
Ҫ֪˵𣬽֪٣и֪Ǿûкܸߵڴ֪С鳤Ҳ֪Ⱥ֪ǸɻǲġϾӵģֲģʳٲܶǣ
֪ǵСӸٶȴͷǵףЩĲУûɹС˵ҲСҲЩ͵ˣĥ󹤡ɻĵҲУٵĿ
СӳĲУиԹ˺һ
иһ룬ȻЩ֪ǸɲǾ͸ǰȥ˯ͷ¡
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иãǸɻΣУ
ͷ˼֪ȥ˯ͷнͷڡ
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ڵͬǺµң͸ˣ滹һǻŭ
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Ĳ֮£ھͳ֪Ƕ¹ʱȥ˰ᣬ˵סˡ
ĵˣʱ
ڶŰ߶߶˵ԼİĽҪ׼
ԼǮ˰ϣ˺ˣǸԩͷ
ٲ֮ǰĺúŪҪӦԼ顣
ҧ´㲻Ҫҡ
ھԴֲ⣺ұʲôˣᣬѧͬѧһֱϲġҽ飬ǾһˡԺȵʵĻᣬһ˵سǵģҲΪʲôӦ
岻ãҪѽ
ڣ˵ܶˣҲۡ׶ģѵܰӹˣӦ飬Ҿ͸ҪǮڴҸշסҲԽԽá
ỹҡͷ
֧֧ᣬϸ׼ӣнڿ˶
ô
ỹҡͷ
ڱƢ꣬ڰѾעԼˡܾҲӦڱ֮¾ͻȭͷԱߵĴ
ʱģڴĿꡣ
ˣԭһ
״̬ſ޿ݵĳסΪŮΣӣ϶Ҫѯʵġ
޵ΣҪٱղŽͼҲ졣


67 
޵Ĳ, Ҳһ
Ƕ԰Щ飬𻨻ǰ˴, Ŵʵ˲ϸϸѯʡ
֪, ƽ飬˵
𻨻ᵹһˮͷһǡ
ڵϣ˷ҸղŻʱ򣬽ڰһ, ˵Ҫҽ, ˵ҪǲӦ, Ҫ³ȥ˵ҸѾҺú£뱧ңҲԸ⡭
̲סһ£Ҫҡ
, Ů, Ǽ俴˶ֵġ仹ûƷˡ
ŭҪȥҴӳΪ, ֱû
𻨣, ҿ϶ָǵߴ, ݲƷеˣ
𻨷׼ȥʰڡ
ɵˡ
, զһ
ԤУӦȰϢ, óûһЩҪ󡣱, 뽭Զһ㡣ٱ, ĵķ, С
ûһӾͰѽڴİ
ɲɵҪǸһӶˣԼٲҲҪ˵лǾ͵òʧˡ״̬ǣֳڶɧųղǺ¶ܡջ˵ͬ飬һ˳µĽӽ̡
ôһӢ۵ΣнڱϰԼģԼ̿˵ȵҪʱһӢ۾һҲˮˡ
ɲһӾ͸һɢϾ˽ڶǮԼҲġҪǸˣԷ϶ҪץǵǮֵġ
԰;ȴ֣Լ棬ȥԼͽڡҲøڰѻ˵ʡĽ˷ҧ
ǰôҲ벻Լտ˸ͷ𻨾Ȼ˵ҪȥҴӳ
Ǵֿˣ
æ˵Σʵûôģ˵Ҫҽ顭ûӦѡ
ȴն֪࣬㲻ʲôҲûϵˣֲϻ˸£Ҳø飡ģǷҪȥ෿ѷ
ʮֱ˵ûдýȥѷ
ôҲ벻ףզôأ˶ûִôƫҪ֣
Ȼ֪࣬ȻǰҶӡôãǶǸŮͬ־վһߵġ㲻Ҫ£ҿ϶վߡ֪ΪһҪԺ󻹻Ӳ㲻ҪǴ˶ӣңһǡ
᣺лл㣡
᣺ΣĲãҡҾý֪ܾһʱûпסҪȻͷģѻ˵ͺˡ
п಻֪ӦͲӦ
ģ֮ǰҲģ˵¶űİһɻس̽׵֪ʵģӵĸ˵һѣоͰиŮ֪±ռ˱ˣ󲻵Ѽ޸Ǹӵ¡
سǵ֪໹˵Ҫעⰲȫ
𻨻Ϊ¶ԾһȰ
֪࣬ǵߴȻԲåڶ㲻Ҫ¡
⻰˵ûߴΪиڣȷʵûЩ㹷ࡣЩϹиǷֳһֻ۾ţЩ˸ɳʲôҪ
ȰȰҧŲɿڡ
Σ룬ǽ֪ûжɡҲûҶֻ֣Һ飬ûôءղûƺãˡ
ǾζˣŰᣬѰῴĶ˰֡
֪࣬ô˼ˡղŻ˵Ҫٱ֪㲻졣˵ֻ˵ʲôҪٱҪžͿޣ޵ڣ˵û£㿴𣿡
ͲǸӵˣƵҲ˵˵Ҳˡ
﷢䣺ûûٱǡǽ֪еŵˡҲſ޵ġ
𻨣ҲҪҴӳ
ӲͷƤǾҸղЩӦˣҴӳҲÿϾûеǷϡ˵ˣ˵ȥҵҲá
𻨣˼ǲⲻܸߴӳҲܶ˵ǰɣ
𻨿̵İᣬرһ䣬˵أһǰɣ
᣺ҾҺͽڵϹʱҲҪǰšõĻ鷳֪ӳ˵һ£һ֪Ҵ࣬Ҿ֪ͲȻ½֪ҡ
𻨲ɵ֪Ļֻ֡
ʲôҪ죬ѹû¡飬᲻Ӧھ˵ǹʹء
ǿѹŭ⣺֪࣬ʵڲ㡣Ҫ˵Ҫҿ϶㡣Ҫб˼ͲҪ˵ˣҹ֪ܲڲ顣ҲסֱӸ˵Ҳ鷳ɣҸʲôأҾһŮΣɲ˱ġʲôƣǶС鳤ӳŵģҲ岻ϻһΣ֪ߣҪô׷𣿻
Ậ˵׷ˡ
𻨵˸۳ȥˡ
˵
ˣ̱ϣʵû뵽ԼļƻȻ
ҲҪĿ꣬Ҫһѡ
жܿ죬յм䣬ͳ˽ںͰᡣɫһηӱӡ
ǣյ˺̣ӣȥϹͼ֤һС͵糡
Ůᣬ·ûһǶڱҧ´
жʣᣡҸ˵㵽ԸԸ޸ң
ŻԱѸ֧䡣ʱ򲻹æۣѵϷ˭ܾܾأ
콵ϵһվǰ֪࣬㲻Ҫƾˡ֪㲢ûȷ̸ƻ飬Լ̫𣿡
ڣôû̸֮ǰ̸󣡡
̣˵ǰŮͬ־ڻϿ
ڣҲ˵Ϊ㣬ŲԸ޸ҵģ
̣֪࣬㲻Ҫ֪ңû

ѵõһŮ棬ӣýζҲ籩ĵİΪԵá
װģȰܣǲҪΪҳˡ֪࣬һֱ㵱ġҲллһֱչˣĲʡ
˫Ŀ죬ŰͬһѸֵ֪࣬ףҵԼİ顭
ػ֮£쳤Х
ӣԱǣ
֪ƻڱϣʹͣʽ
㡭ܸܲ˵һ¡ȥĴӰ
ö˰
ĺö˰
֪ࡢ֪Ͳ˵ˣ֪ôҲͻȻ˰
ƻֺ۵أȻҵ߰ɡ
ʮ꣬ûô˹
һѾĿ޳ҲСС˵̣ҿϾҪֳˡУҽˡ
һǹܽڽн磬ͲҪҽнˡ
ⲻ֪ģΪʲôϵء
ƻ죬̲סЦ
ӣҲǱߵС糡̾Լ׼ǸģĳҪһԼǲǴΪĵˡ
׼ľ鰡
нڣղǸɣѾʧȥڼżȨ˰ɡ
ոոµģȥ϶üǮ
ʧǣҪߡ
ʧˡ
ʧˡ
ڸĻһλεƼߡ
ˣһȺ֪౻ָָ㡣
ȺСɶأ𣿡
ɶǳܣء
ԹԣŮ汾°ȻΪ
ǿϧû

֪ۣɫҲѿɬİԼݹȥӵ˵лл㣬㡭Ļſ޵ġ
ֱ֪ͦţӦõġ
˶˵֪࣬ղû֪˵Ĺϵȵ¹һٸ˵ġҲҪ£֪һͥҶụﻥġȻǿ϶ҪΪ׵ģͲأܰѸ˵ڹϡ֪ΪþͰչΪȡǲܸѧʳȫ̩ɽһҪǵĽŲһɿҸڷ׵֪ʶӡ
᣺
ҧӦˣջſʼ
֪໹ڱ֪࣬лĺöŮΪ˽ְҵûиߵ͹ֳܶ⡣Եġ

֪ΪʲôǶˡ
ӶǴ
һֱͣ
Ǹڶˣ߻û¡ܸ»ӡ
ֱۣҲֱˡͷ󺹰Ķϣƫƫ¶һƣٱһɡ
Ҫ֪ǰƢǲ͵Ҳڲű˸ɻġ
п࣬ȴҲ֪û취ˡ
̸ǽȻͬˣܰѶԽһհ
ֻܿĽŸɡ
֪ǴСڴһͣ˺Щ죬һֱյĽβ˽ֵ
һЩӵСһ߱һݡ
ᣡҸ˵㵽ԸԸ޸ң
֪࣬㲻Ҫƾˡ

СǼ񻰵ʱټ֯СҲļЩСǵıҲ֪֪֮İ𣬾Ǽ˻ѧ
֣֪Ǹɫͬһ㡣
˰
⼸ڣǵߴӵ֪ˡ
˿£мֻ¹С꣬ûдꡣӵʳ
µʱ䣬ӣ˶ɹڡӺķһͷҶеˮɣû˸۳ô
ˣǰǰҲв˼ѪղţǲСıʲôˡЩСҲǴˣɽԻ˶ӡ
ڶСë¡
ӳǮľƾӣԼһֹѪҩۣǴӳǮҲֵиطô
ȵһ꣬Ҳˡ
ʵǴյһ뿪ʼΧҲ½ʼˡ
ֻ
ӵ󰡣ϡ˵١
ұãǰ۴һˣҽš
ˣ
ûҪ۴ӵҲûأզ裿
ŲãҪȰȰи˰ɣ
ҾÿԣȰˣҲİˡ
ߣһȥ˵иϽ

һȺ˺ƺƵⲻ֪иˡ
ԱʱϹĽ˪гȥתһȦԶûȥǽһЩ磬Ѿǽˡ
㸽ĹٴӵׯڶУֻһ֮ٲһģֻ֮һ
СЩٵ֮һũԷҶָŵĳϢ
֮һǽĻҪҪٵһͷҪҪȼȼܲ
иңԼʱϲ֡ʣµʳȫ͸֧ˣмϣӵʳȥȻһЩˮƽ
Ѿ֮ϲˡ
иİ壺֣ͰѸýĽˣڷ֣
ӣҽֵͲꡣ
ôʳڿҲµġ
ǵ죬ߴӾͺҵĿʼиӺȥ˹㱨
絹û˵ʲôиԷ̬ҲǸˣϽ˵ͻ˴ӡ
ʳ˳˳ˣڷ
Ǹ죬λιϣҶֵ÷ʳ˭Ҳ
һֵҹȥϸĴҲλ÷ֵȫֻֿ֣һ㣬ʣµȫꡣ
ӣϹ٣Էֵʳ࣬ӣ˪һӣ岹Ǯ
ʳܱǮöˡ
ֵֵʳӣãиǾòԣֱӰѽ÷εʳһηˡ
ǼһӶ˲ʳ
ӣµؽ￴ؽȫǸֲ˸ɣ⣬иɻʳ
ĩһֶڻϰߣͱڣôʳ͸ˡ
ӣǸˣһߵȴڱס
ٽգ¶ѾʳĲԾˡ
µʳ࣬ϾЩͶѵˣҲǶǧѽʳ
ǣȥҵʱ򣬴᷿ž;ˡ
ԭװ᷿ѾһСȱڡ
ǸСȱڴŵİ档
᱾ǮСյĴϸǾģҪڣϾʳһȱҵһӦҲӦ
ϸںӦõģϾȥģﶼǲôȱǮһȱˮȱӪġϸӪ϶ȴð
ʳͳһǼۣϸŵûˡỹԶڴΪ
Ͷٽҡ
أ
ԭİۣȻӲȱһ룡
ķ裬Գ˵ĽƼƼˣĿȼŭ
ǸҸ˵ҪǮʳӲҳԵһٶ
ȫϸ


68 
Ҳڵű, ƼƼǶ˺治¶档
Ҳİ
˺ӣĺܣڼȻҲû˵ءҡҰĺó, Ҳȫ˶ڳϸ, ԼһǶͷ
ǣǵһȥģԽԽˡӢԼĶȥ˵㡣
˿ڶ࣬ʮˣÿߦܳ߰˽ۡԴȥ, һӾҲûԹˡÿ춼, ӢӶǶҪ±±, Ե˶͡
һ˵춼ǿĵʱټϳԲ˶࣬, ˶ҪһЩ
ǽ, ˶⣬ÿ˶˲ٱ졣
ƼƼ˲, ǰɰͿݡ
ƼƼ֪ԼԲס, ŲӶᷢ쭡
Ӷ, ͷ˵ǷּˣʵϻǸżҰšԺǽû, ˸м䡣ﻹӣʳȥ, ˵, ©һ, ͹һˡ
Żʳ, ȵչһ¡Ǹʱ򣬳ʳ϶ţ㲻ţʳǸյϢ϶Ҳˡ
ֻ֮£϶˶ƱȥվЩÿµµײŻƱȥ˼ҹҲҪȥǰڡվʳ϶Ǽۣһ򡣵ʱųǼҵˣ
һңʳ͸ȱȱͻֻš϶ٲ˾ҪȥѰ·
׼ľʱ
׼еʳߵ׳ȥ
͸һ΢һĵطᶼÿ
ǵ棬ǴĸġٲùҲкù˼ңοҲЩ˼ϸЩõҽԺ϶üۡ
أ
Ŷ̶һ£ٽϸһӾȥһ룡
ᱩףһȥ˺˵ĳɫ
ҵŮŮҲ֪˼ô֪ܲЩʳҪģ
ⲻǡ
̲ס
ҵļӻζһʱĻʳǳƤϸĸܣⱲͷһˡ
Ͼ˿ڶֵ࣬վһǿŻˣСʱѹһӾʹûбʱ򣬶ӵֱǰԶȥ
һַĴϸ²ȫԼÿδ᷿Ҩ棬ЩѵȵʳҲһֺ顣
˶ܿ⣬ÿγԷʱƴʱǶܳ½ʮۣԵȫ˶ͦŶӡ
֪ĺӲãԶƴ
ʵˣҵļ˿ԼϹҲסϱҲǰվᡣ
˵ףҸҹϵΨһƼƼ
ʱ˭ϣ
ƼƼƵǰ棬һˣǿסǰơ
ըˣҼڣȥЩ˵ǳ嵽ƼƼǰ͸ӡƼƼﶼ졣
㻹ҽأ˼ҵʳҪҪ
ʣƻҪ顣
ƼƼƳˣӦȥҲӵίһʮˣǵҵǸ
ȫҵķ΢΢Ǹɻġ
ƾɶʹԼһˣû׷ʱҪȥ裬ԼǺôһأôþͲżҵίأ
˭һԹίҵģʱͻද
ƼƼ׼ʱҲӣ˴ıӶѪˡ
᣺㻹ǵأֱǸ֪֪ŪЩʳжѣ㻹˼ԣˣ
ƼƼңʳһ˵Ǽƾɶܳԣ
ƼƼԽ˵Խֱ׳ͳôһǮƾɶǳԼʳ
һ޶סͷȭҪ𣿡
ƼƼʹɫȳ˭Ҳֳ
ЦȥǣܾٱǣҪǮᶼռϷ硣
Ǹܼ⡣
Ҽ˾ȻôˣƼƼڴܡƼƼҲˣ˿ûǰƼƼĴ㡣
۽ƳЩ˶ˣӱƭǲزסĻ
ˣҪǷ㣡ǾһȺûĻȳ棡ҲǺϻˣѸøҵĲָңϾߣ
ͲǸˡ
֮ΨһĵطֻмӡҲǿδҪкܴչķϣͼһȿ
Բ۸˻֡
ֿҪھͰǲʳ۳ˣҪʳûԼң
ǿˣϣ׽㶼УƼƼȻżһ͵ʳʳƨ׽㣡
˳£ƼƼ涼û¶׵ˣοԼˡ
ˣƼƼҲģһܡҲίͰͣһ㶼żҵѴ
ûжӣ廹áҪǲŬɻͽ沵Ķӣȵ˻ԼˣѵҪϳ
ǵʱҪô찡
ˣüһڲӵģȻ裬ӻù˵Ѿ˼ңÿ»ǮǲԼӹȥȴһ㶼Լࡣ
˵ǰʱ£ԼϣԶÿ϶˵ɣȥ͵ﶼû͡
ǣǸ治ȵİǡ
룬ȴǰ԰
ƼƼļԹۣǼȻҲ̰ȴûһˣĳ
˵һӣ
˳鴫Ĺ㷺ƼƼ沶
Ϊ˶Ҫ˵ף˭Ҳܵľֱɽţˤһ˺ͶӱѺߣϢȣֱӻȥˣ˵Ҫļޡ
ӵľ͸ˣﲻԵľȥ͵ָűʲôֱӾͽȥˡ
ƼƼԽã˵Ȱìͷ׼˴ˡ£һȥ
˷·ӸϾͲ
˵Ĳ治ò⡣
ϻ̫ٳɵģǼ˵ϻ
ƫ̫ڼңӢһȥӪˡ
᷿һ꣬һ˾ҪʳʵǲԸٸҲȥ
ƾһܰѶٽϸԳɼʮ֪ˣȵҪʱԭڵһǧʳ˵һǧﶼûˣ
̰ᣡ
ŶſڵҼҪЮԼʳƾʲôܴߣǽңҾͻȥˣһȥٱǶ
᲻˵ɵġһŵƵϢ
ҵԣŵ
ҵĴϱǿ˵ʳջģҪ˵ȥҲ䲻˺á˵׼Ҫ顣
᣺ǣ飬Ǿ͵ö˭˭
ʵû˵ǣҲʳٱٷҧҲѡϾʳңԼûеģʱ˭˵ɡ
ҼȻҲ׵ģɫ˲䲻ÿ
ƼƼһԼָԼĴŲԣᣬҪǸɣҾҲãҪȫȥ⹤Ķѣ岻á㲻
޵ľƼƼˣ˸ԼûйϵƼƼ˺ϻһǮ˵ҡ
ãȻ͵
ޣʲô˼ͷסƼƼٹҽãҲ㣡
ƼƼ´ޣҪ˺ѣȴ洫̫ԭǸղ࿴ãǸֻģ͸ɴȥӪ̫˻
ڹӪлԾµ̫һ˵£ֻһһߡ
̫̫ƤĺܣһŻŪѾͷ˰ʳûǰ˵ǲãһģͷǮٰⲿֿ۳ôĻ
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ᱻụ̆ݵĻˡ
ҲǸղҼ˲µ̬̼Ҿ׼Ʋ
°գ֪ԸԼһŪ̯СһģҲҪҺϻˡ
˶࣬ͷʳһǮʱ򣬶ԷǿԼʱ˵ˡ˵õ߷֣Ƶʱ䵽Լ־Ͳˡ
ʳһû˭Ҳץʵ֤̫Ĺ϶Ҫ˿ۡ
ԽԽòɣھҪҲ
̫ȷʵ㣬ŵ۾͸¶⣺ǲ˵õ𣿺ϻʱ㡣ڳզ
ʹԼҰʳǮȫŵģСƤģʮʮǮ͵ˡ
ˣ֮ǰҲ룬ʱǴǸ˵̫Ҫ֡
Ƚ̫ҪûǮ
᲻Ը⣬ھҪ֡
㲻֣ھͳȥ棡
̫ҪٽƱ磬ѾԼĴɱˣ£Ҫ˵𣿡
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ƼƼ׷ʣǲʳҸ඼˵Ҫ˵˵
ἥڽĿһԼĽ㣬ҳ֮˵Ϣ˽¸ͨġ
ڿǺޱҪ
ƼƼã
룬ȵˣƼƼֻ»Ҫظϱӵ¡
ã
˭㲻ã
̫ѹŷʳֵٶĴʣµϸ
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ҰѴһأӾͻ
զܴӦ
ʱˣô죿
ֵܼܲȥɣ
̫ĵ죺ǹңʳȫ˳Եģ㲻֣ǸСȥٱǼĹҪˣ
̫ϴҵģ˵ôˣǻûʳʱ򣿡
ϱ˵żҴƬʳǸˣõʳȥӦġ
ǵģڵĴӣҲʳǸա
Ҳ⧲ϱûôĹ£ֻ֪ߴǲȱġ֪칫ȱġȱĻ١
Ǵʳ׼øʮʳȻȥš
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̫ǺһЦ
ֻüʮʳȥá
һӾͰѽٽʳŪȥżҼס
̫ǹȥ٣ֻҪԼùǹ˳
̫ţʳȥҲǼ칦ǵʱ٣˲۹ʡۼЩʳˣǾǮˡ
̫İŲûӦУ϶׳ŵ˵ǲԸȥʵǡմ󰡡
棬ǵֵǮԼǾͲˡ
ϴǻǰǿģҪȥһˣСĽĸѷˣӻ
Ӷ˲⡣
̫ȥŶϱɶϱгƼƼûһɵİ
ϱ˼ң˭ҲԸۏˮ
̫ĽƼƼһȥһŮͬ־У¸ָϡ
̫еˡ
ͻȻϴϱһ䣺۲ǲ𣿾˭СõĶڹӪꣿ϶ʶ˰ɣ۴ߣֱʳŪߣһǮһֻģҲˬ
̫һ룬ȷʵˣСŮлԾѾ˰µʱ䣬ǰǸպãֲлԾҪ񣬽лԾԼҴߣⲻǸոպã
ϴϱ˵ĲԾڷɻôֶܲ϶ʶ˵ġ
϶ջǾͽСȥ˵£ǽ۸̸ߵ㣬Ҳʡˡ
Ӣ۸̸ߵ㣿̸ʲôߣҸԾ˵ʲô
ûߵ̫ǰ棬лԾǶֳŻأպõҡ
̫Ůǿ˽ޣȰ
˵¡ˣǲǲҪٸһӡ

δ㲻˵ͷʳߣû߶ԶͲˣŴ˸·İæֽ˱˵İ峵űſţòײŰʳŪԼҡ
սӾͱ˿ˣϵûʣҶ᱾˵ӡ󶼲á
һҪԾãû˵Ļ
Ҳ㻵ˣսŰҪּҡ
ΪԽЩС̫̫߶
Ҳ⣬һ˼ӣŲЩЩء
Щ˸ϵҲãʱԾˣЩߴð˴̣ͬͬö
ֱۣҲԼˣžͱһˮţ
Զڼң档
Ҳ⣬Ѽʳأؽᡣٽʳȫغãȵһͽȥ
ԶСڵһݣ˰ͶˣŽź裡Ͻ㻹ʲôˮ¿ĥʺ࣡
仰ǲʵģֻǸŴѧ˵
ӵĿһᣬʳ˵ͷˣҲ˼ӣȫǺȥĺ֮һɫĵͷϻиƼƼܴ˿ڡʮǱ
Զƽʱ˵Ķ࣬ҲҵǸˡ
ССˣ˵ʮֶ񶾣裬ûϽȥҶҪˡҪǰҶˣҿ϶ҪҰָ״ģҰñӳ㣡
ûǰ˵ĻϣС˵ţͷģǼ񻰣档
Ǻ仰ʵǽ̲סˡ
Զ
ԶԼĻŵˣҰְ˵ˣչҺõġҺ۸ˣ͵͵ȥ绰ҰְֻдǶĵ绰أٲҾͽҰְֻ㣡
׻
ԴԶ˵ǰ˳ɣҲ˵Ǿľ
ΪһУ˲⣬Ծһġ
ϾΪʲôҪļ޽ǸͷѡΪӣԾ˵ԼҪӵĻ
أԷӣǡ
Զһһĺðǡ
ͻȻŭһұ죡
ԶŵĲҿˣǲῴɫԴ̬ȲãҲǾ۸ڼһϾסˡ
ôСһˣܴġ
СǶ˵ˣ趼Ҫ˵ġڲԺҲҪ򡣲Ǵ򣬻Ҫԡ
Զ£᲻ע⣬Ͼܿǰֺ˾衣
ߺߣԳԭ˰ɣ趼ǺöҪȥ̸״ȵЩ죬Ҫְָ״аְֻ裡
Զȥˣȴʧ˻һ㶵ǰþû˵һ仰


69 
Ӿ, ߴӺܿæµûȫЪ
ˣ׵ʱͿĺܽ, Ҷæǰæ׼֡
ʱҲȵʱ, һԱ֮ӣ͸ɴ࿪ʼҩԼҩ﷭˼֣ɽժ˽һÿһ㣬
Թ˾ûв˵õġ
һҩոëǮ, ܷϺö, 㹻Ұȵʱȥһʱ֮, Ҽһ˷ҩ
ӣëǮ̫ͣϾɽı˶Ҳʲô
ǽɽһƬһƬ, , ʮϲˡ
Ūף洦ɼĲľȻҲһζҩ, ԾԾԣӣ, ҪȻרɣҿܺ
ӣͷǺܺ, ѸĽλöסʱ, ԵһΧԡ
ӣûԼ뷨ʤ̫, ռźɽˮ, ȴһǽͨ˳, һûҵԼġ
ɽҪʳͲ, ʡĶɽע˲ֲܽʳչõߴ˵ǴӵҪôƬʱ˵Ҳף궼ҪΪˮĴּܡҲǽʳǸգûΪˮԴ
ɽأȫֲҩĺ͹ӵĵطԷչֳ
ǽͺ֣ܺҲö棬ֲ㷺ӺǤ嶼ڶջÿ괺Ķժ
ҽɢаܿסһЩ취УǾҲݽˮȣɱֹк
ӣǽֵĺãҵȵ붬ǰ͸ӳһᣬˡ
ӣҩ治ֻһҩԹ֮ѡ˼˵ֲļ֣֮һ
ӣ˼æͷظ֤Լһտҩ
ˣҲûȥŴһٴοʼࡣҲһÿɽϷ
ֻҲпˣÿ춼ǣɽϳԲݣÿֻķɿ졣
ӣʲôʱܳԣʵٵĿôһָ꣬ʵľǳ
⣬棬ӡ
ӣ˺ü죬˪ʵڲ͸˸档
ӣ죺һ
ǲòãͻҲ̫Զ˰ɡ
ҲܺóԾ
õ治뵶棬硣Ҷһ߱мƬͬСһڹ
õĵ棬ĩһټϵϰ迪޵һ룬ž㡣
ˣ˪ûȥȻҲû취ʦƱǿⶡһ뽽ͷӣһõ棬ְ಻סԼһⶡ档
нԽԽóԡӣûҪԳ档
˪ûӣָ£÷ѣУѿһ
ζӣ⻳ϱӶҽʱѧУžһҵרϸˣһֻ˿Ǯ
߼¼԰£Ե󶼳ˣҲûȥ
ȵҵ꣬ȥϰȻǵһĳ
ӣųžͿʼ
˪óԣ
һڣûаȻƽʱԹ˵գζд΢ᣬ󳴣ڸбֵҲܺáţͷܸܲڷĲ˵С
ҺãӣֻǶݵemoһСȥǸԺȡ
Թ˪ӣʰ˶ȥ˯ͷ
ǵģ˯ͷ
ҪΪɶʳˣ˻Ҫȥ˯ͷ
ΪĴġ
ߴӾǺܺã⻹ʲôϾҲɽȵʱ½͵㣬ɽȥҵԵģȺŪųԲˣٶһˡܰʱȥ
ȵʱȥϢҲøˡ
ĴӾûôˡ
ÿϽ֮ͷһ⡣
ǾʳϽȷ
иʱޱԼȰʳˣʣµҲˡһжŪˬˣԼûôķ£ҲñĴӺ͹ʡ
Ǻǣͷ˼ģѾȲˡеĴȫˣеĴȫˡ
ȫ˵ģӴӳ涼ǹ⣬˼ѾˣҪջȥ첻ȻֵֵҲδܱ֤࣬ˡ˵ôԱѾˣĴӳҲһѵܸ˶ץԲ
ȫ˵ģǾͲ˵ˡ
е˼ұӾͲùǰǼһٱһٵĿҰ˰ӣ͵ӾͶˡ
º¸»ܿҰ˹զ죿
ٹ£Ҫ׼붬ĶˣûǮûզ
ӣӵ˵ڲִѾЩˡ˵ΪˣǵûС˶Ͱ͵ĶԼʳҲЩܲס˼ңҪ궯Щ֮䳳ܵģ֮ìܵģһֱϡ
õҾõݽ޳ȥŮȼã˼ҵҲҪ̡һʱ֮䣬ӦܷϲõʱΧ綼ࡣ
ͷæˣм仹ѵ˳˽ԱŮӻӣҪ޺
ӻӣȻɤӶˣôһݡ
ʳô׽ġľ£ߴҲǿӶѣܽȥʳ˼Ҳࡣ
ǾиЩݼſڲģʳͲߡ
æǰææСϷûʱˡ
˵˹ֻǸԼ飬͵־ǹغȫ˵ˡ
ߴӸʱ֣ŵ붬ǰһ磬궼ɵġʱյĽ׹ƲҲȥˡ
еܱûǿȻͿֵʳͰꡣ
ݹΧ磬ȵɵߴģһׯڵģû֮һ
ȥӵ˶ˡ
Ȼ궼ۣתûЪʱ򡣵ǼûҲûס
˭֪ǰ£ӵ˾ͷ˲ԡ
˰ҹְˣ
˵ĵطСŴصļأ˰Ķࡣ
ӿɰѴҶˡ
϶ǵӣ϶ǰҹ۵֣
滵ǾǿǴӱǺá
˵˭ҵĲҲаأ٣
ҼµĻ֣Ҳ˰ǳ˵㡣ŲǴӵСɵġ
۴ûģզʱֻǶջ𣿡
Ҽͳû˰ֵ㻨զУҾͰѼĲ˵һСƬ˵㻨
˵Щˣָɶأ
˭ֶ֪ǰũҩģûȥҲû취԰

иѾƣ۵˵£Ҳûȥ׷˭ֱ֡Ӱȥ˯ͷ
ֵĵط٣ӶԼ׷˭͵Ҳ鲻
˵ˣиҲ˲֪װũҩͷûȥˡûôԥֱ˰š
ÿҳˣŸ࣬˯ڵͷ֡
صĵطȻŰ࣬˼Ҳȥ
͵ְҪǣͷӽ׶ˡ
߾̫һóһӣ˪һҲóһ
˶ٵѴˣֵ£˿ڶ˼ڲһ֡ӣ˪͵˶ȥ
ΪҪ˯ͷҲһ£ֵӾֻиΡ
ӣûǿܵġ
˪͵͵ſ˵Ȱҹˣͻ˯ȥ
һ˾ȫԣһСǸͲ˵ġ
ӣܾʲô͵¶Ӫˡ
ûйȾҹֻҪ꣬˯Ҳѽ
ӣ˿ίԼѼʲ˪˼Ӱٰ֧ѱˮһȦɹɵϼӸ˾ôڵͷǡ
ΧһĽУͷݵϢϵǣ˸ͬϱͼܿһӹᴩա
мһǴһӣͼʵĺһô˯š˪Ҫ졣
ĵҹ˲κ˯ȥ
ңԶĳϷפء
ҹ֮վ˱ꡣƺûнȴߣǰѿʵʵ¡һ˿ҲûеģֻбҳһƬĻǴ˴Ҳǳȡ
Ծշת࣬ƫƫ۾ţ·һѲΡ
ͻȻԾ˫ۡ
ãȻʧȥΧĻһȥƵ᷿䣬ڷŵӵӣѾЩ©ˮɫŴ
Ծд󾪣ξʱסᡣܶλĵط
ԾȻԼ壬ϻʵ˰̣һʾѾ»صԼĶʮ꣡
Ծ˴ڴϣͬһĻһ
Լһΰɣ
һеˣҲּϣڹȥԼһξ´󼪵İҡӵԼҵжµĶŮǮˡûĿΡ
ͻȻԾһʹ
·ƽװǿȥһμһ
ԾΧһжĵЦ
ڴǰ˲·һϳ֦Ѿ
ûȢӣȢᡭ
ͥҵҽԺ˵Ҫĺӵ
ʲôûҪסԴ缺
ĹĶ֮£˼ҡ
Ծ촽λѾϰԳĬװԼľ
ɽ˼УԾǿԼ˼·
ˣӹɵģȻ֪ΪʲôΪһֱһоǾӦûٻȥĻˡ
ԾüģֻǾȣҲֵǳ
ϱӵֻҪƫǿ԰չ켣ȥڹп޲ԼϱӵһЩź
ĸףΪԭ򣬻ڴȥ
ȫؼңĸȥ
⣬Ҳ𲽡ϱΪ⣬ͬתҵ磬һӪӵĹȥ֮ûþڳ˸
ļֵ°ɽڳﾭӪ˺ܹĻ
ⱲȫԸһ㣬תҵλ϶һҲץסһЩᡭ
Ĵ㣬ڶһ
Ǿᡣ
ԾɫްֻҪǰһ룬Ѿ֪һΪʲôı䡣
һҲһߡ
ӵý㣬ԾǴûкӡġ
ϡǵϱλý޵ĺܺã޸һλӵˡ·˪
λýȴϵֱ˵һҡ˹˵һ˶Էһ˫֡
ԾüͷôҲ벻ԭλϵĴӣȻ֮һʱõĻ¡
һ֪£ȻԷ˻顣
һж̫˷˼Ծ̾˿
ֻԼ˴꣬ȻѾŤһ䡣
ѾֵǷ˼ңҲţС
ӣ
Ҳ֪˻֮ҵĴô
Ծ˴ҹ賿¶˾ġ
ȥ٣ʲôôҪһһµļ٣
ԾƬ̣԰Լ뷨˵ﻰ˼˲䶮ˡ
̾һļ
սƽϢҲ缸ôţȷʵҲڻĽһЩϵĵͼתҵ
ԾѧأҲ½ʱ䣬ϲȥҪתҵˡ
ԼҲã֯Ȼῼǵ˵
֮ⷬ£ܿԾһµļ١
Ծҡҡλ̤˻г
г·˼죬Ծ˳ת
ȵ˴ڵʱѾ糾ͣ˶ͷġ
Ծһ·ʵǱĻҪ
ҲǴδᵽԼ»ص˶ʮꡣ
Ծϱӵļ䣬Ŵߡս壬ϳˡ
һ͵Ĵָ˰죺㲻ԼҵСզʱ˰겻ڵģشǸɶģ
ԾЩϰߣǸ˵Ǻܾûǰֱ׵ѯʡ
ӣһͺӡ
ŶŶ˵۴ӽʳǸյ˰ɣѽ̫Т˳ˣǮˣ˻ĵĻ
ԾϸԷ䣬ȥ
ӣǻڣ˼һԷ̸еĻ
ߵǰ洫һ޺֮ƻʱ֣Ҷæʱ
ᣬɱ㣡
ţҪȥ㣬ɱˣ෿ᣬţ
ﰡ۾Ұôܾȥ˰
̣أҲҪˣ軵

Ծ˶ˣæסһȥ˵ס
ǰôˣ
һӾϳˣǾǱԾզˣϽȥˣϱʳţžͶˡ
Ҿ˵ȥҶӳöӳ֪ͨš


70 
Ծ, ؿڵϢѹ˶·Ϣðǡ
裬ˣ
֮ͻĻĸ, ԾϱӰȻʮ, 㣬Ů˵꣬߶ײʱ
ڸǵļ, ĸ׵ԶңԶ, ԾǾԼ֮Ψһ¡
ڻ·;зοԼ, һҲûʲôˣǸҲûʲô˵ġ
ϱܿԼһ˵վȽŸⱲҲһԡ
οֲϱûкú÷ĸ׵ź
, ûĸһ, ѾõȥϢϱӻ˺ü꣡
Ծһ, ıµ, էȻĴ, ľޱ䣬еһж, ֱľҪϻ
ԤϵˣϽס, ͷڳµһӡ
ԼҵģǼԾˣ

ͷɢ, ϶ǱȺŹ˿ڡ
еľҪԾ, æſҪֱ硣
Ծ, ҲġҪңҪóͷң˵ҲʳҪӲֻǡֻš
˵ϵԶȴɴ۾ɤſ޺ƭˣǸ裡Ҫʳ㲻㻹ҳԼˣ
ļ٣ٴҲ֪ϻǿԾ̬ȡ
˵ûп˿˵ˣʳͲǼֵģԼģ
Ҳ벻ͨôܷչزˣ
֮ǰڳ־ôЩʳôһʣôǮӣٸżҽŰһӡȻԶٳûһԼĺӡ
֪ϱӣǿʲôӸŤתӣڣ֪ԼǸϣ
Զſɰķ۵ģʮһƯСҲֻǱ
⽫һʱÿ춼ӵܡ
ԶͲ˵ˣСкƤټ̫ͼڶϲͣ˵Ǹ裬趼װģװپҲҪ¶ڣԶһֱǱŵִ̬
ҪǮȥʱẰ裬ʱǹẰ衣
Ȼֲ֪ĸɥĸԶ˵ʲôǮһɣСҪڴźŰ
꣬Ĳ࣬иߣȻҲѧ
ӵĵִ᲻ûȥһֱţȻϱӣ԰˸ŤתԼȻҲԡ
ȿǰ϶Ҫ༸ġ
죬Զ˵Ծúί˸绰ᣬ᱾һ˼ҪźӵǹɾͷҲɶЩ
ɱľúġ
ѵǲǴԼƤģվҪһ
ԶжãԼʱ졣ɼˣǲԾ
룬ˣҪһԼĺӣ
ǴϱӵӣһĵİѼӼŮ󣬲ҪԼĺӵġ
ϾעϢĺڣԼһм˸ҡͷӰӮƻ
ԶһֱӴͷ
ҪԼĺӡ
ԼĺӣТ˳ҲһԽ
뷨жͲ
ȵһ־ǣÿСһһˡ
Դӷֻּ֮ÿµʱһʱмȱǮұ˼һҲһһ
ӣڴϲǲлġҵٺ˼ҲûԵģΪԼôԹʵϣ˭˵ǲӡЩ˾С̫⡣
ԶҲֻ˵ãû˵á
᱾ίε飬ֱӸӵļˡ
ļԼųԣСȥ棬͸Լˮݵһ߳ԣһ߽룬ҲǴˣѼǳԣԼˣͷٻһġԶϱٳϢǿһ͵ĵ
Ͳһ˼ȥӣӦΰסԾؼ
Т˳ļӼŮɶԼһӣͷԾסʲôԼӵģ
˼ԶûͲˡ
ȻһһԵҲЩˣҲ֪Ǻö
ڰְֲڼңԼǼΨһжһҲǽĶﰡ
ԶŲ˵ʲôµĻѻװţ͵͵ڼȻͿ˺豳ԴȵĻ档
Լһ
Զˡ
ĳָ𣺡Ǯĸȳ棡ƾʲôôãЩҰְֵǮģҰְֵǮҵģ㶼Ǯڼ׳ԷģҲ׼ԣ
˵žҪȥŭĵһ߷
ᱻܺӵĻŭأƹˤͿʼʰܵŭһк£һȥֵǮҲҵǮڼչɥǣҶû˵ʲô־͸øǮ
ֱ׳Ҳֵţǻܱľ飡֪ɶǾ鲻˼ֲܸ飡ǼҵжҸֵģӣҲĺòŹǡ㻹ǰ̣
˺޵ԶȫԸɾСŶû¡
ˣͻ¡Ҳϴ룬Ҳϴѡ
ǺǣԼ֮ǰǺͿˣ˸˾ˣʲôļŮ
ƿʹǶǿˣԼʲôȥġ
˸ڣԶһ·޺ȥˡ
̫ѵټϽʳ˲٣Ҳһϡ
֪ǸС˴ĶŪ˺üʳ̫˵Ů˻ܻǱߴӣ֮ǰĹ
ȵʳ
Ϊصĺãʵͱ͸̫
̫ȥҪȴڿ˵˼ҾͲһˣûȼġ
̫һӻټ¶ĿĴӶʼˡ
ԾԼ̲£ʱҵҲе˵
ǣʹżӶϱʳ
ᵱȻǲԽӿϣԼĺӻûҪǮ
Ǯѵδ궼ҪŹ
᲻̫üȥ
ɱ˳ͻ֪˭˭̫ˡ
һûѪû¾ΣȵִǷֲԣһӣѾûˡ
ԩû̫߿
Լ˶ڿһʣֱӰڹԴϡ
ϾǻѾɫ谵˭Ҳû塣Ȼû壬̫һŪģ
ԼҼӶҪᣬףѶĴӳ˷ֿ
ԾҪңĲң
˻ߣĲңҾǻʳûҪ˰
ԾĴĿѣ㻹˵㣡ֻ
⵹ģԼҼϱҶǺܺõżߵҲﶼԾĽ̫̫ڣԾĽһ㹻Ӧ
̫ǸӣϱҲűˡ
Ǿ͸˵ģﵱңǶʡġ
ֻᣬĲ̫̫Ͻ군
ԾĻһٿĪ磺Ҫҵʳ
Ծ磺ʳǲҵܵǮǱ߳СĿһϡ㶼޲ܶһҲԸ
ԾŭȻֻһתͷԾҪȢŮˣȢ˸žΪ˸Ǽֵܲǳ㣿ҵҪ㣬ʱҪȥȥأȫս¡
۵ĸˣʱɽȥԹȫҶķˮһ˳µİĤȥѡˡ
ǲ㡣ڴȱǴ˶û£ЩСӣĿţȥô˵ģ˵СӶ˶ûվסûվסСǵӲ
Լ϶۾ͨ죺ȢĺţǰЩʱ˵ּңҲԸİɣǾֵˡų֣ں濴֡Ͳôϱˣ㿴Ϊɶ𣿡
Ϊ㰡ĶԹˡ趼ܿ㵱ǿ
϶һѱ飺Եǲ˵ˣǶҲմһӡ
ʱѾϣв˵Ϣ˸ѹѹһȺΧΧм϶ί
̫ǲṷӵģżＸҲǾˡ
ʲôãǱصϱˡ
ҿԼҺҪּˡ̫̫һ󲻵һˡ
˵ûɶǵſɣԾҪùû˸˰
ϱǲҪȥװ෿
˭֪أÿӳɣ

ԾԱߵֵۣܵԹһźС
磬ҶԲ衭ҶԲǡ
֪ôȢһţˣֵҲĿ
ֻһŶѰ
ϱȢӣҲûвĹӣڼչӣҲĺúõģֵ֮ҲһԶϱЩ̱裬ǰҲǰĵģ˵ӣӻ㾡ġֻҪӣԼĺӣͿԷİԶӣտš
Ծ⣬ڻ֮ǰ֪ԼȢˡҲ²ġ
ʮּ֡
˵ļٺϻȢᣬֻҪѻԷӦҲ˳˳ҪҲߣֻҪϱӣͲˡ
ҲָʲôĸıͻƣֻտӺТˣжأ
ѾĻ޸ԼͼĲǸӣֻҪֵַģȵպ飬Ҳ
Ծһжǿһжǿء
ôҲ벻ȴ
ԾᣬǸԵ
ͷҪԾˣԾҶԲ㣡ҶԲ˰ɣ㲻ҪңҪңûҪ裬ԼģˣҪĶԲԣԼʱˣң
ⲻ֪ĻԾŭ
˲֪֪ܲ
ӦǼģ
޿̣Ծŭһ죡ᣬɱ裬㻹˵ʲô
ܷٻٻ
ֻԾŴӳ˵壬鷳ȥҹɡҪ裡
˻һΧһƬȻ
ԾҪϱ
Թԣִ˰
ϱǲҪԻװ
˵ֲǹġ

ĴӳһĨСӰɵáϱҪǸˣҲӰġ
Ծ֪
ҲѾҪתҵˣӰӰɡ
ⷬ˵ԼҼֵǺùЩȻǸֵ˸ңܰҲǶĸ׵ĸοˡ
˶ˣôҲ벻ԼȻ䵽³
һǰ壬Щûס
Ծ㲻㲻Ϊ㸶˶ٰΪ㣬ҲҪˣýĶҲҪˣʲôûҪŰ㺢ӵ㲻ң
˵Ѿŭ
ػһӣӵģӮģ෿ǹӵģ
Ϊ㸶ô࣡
⸱ɣȻǷΧ˻һꡣ
޸Ծȷ¼ˡ
һúõĻƻŮһǮûҪͽţǸӵ裬滹̫ĶţҪ沽һԷ
ЩĸǻбɵģƴһûԸ⡣
Ӳǽţһʱ䣬ǲɶӻõģ磬Ҳѵˡ
Ծ˵ߣס᣺㲻Ϊҡ
ἸûԥôΪ㣿ҪһҲ͵͵ܳȥس㣡һǮ񶼲ҪԾΪô࡭
˵ԾѾˡ
ᣬҪֻˡһֻɵˣΪΪĺӣΪδΪԼ̰
ԾĿް˪ǵ㲻𣿡
˵ǰԾʻᾪɲԾ仰Ѿǰʮ˲
ͬһˮͷţľԭأ׹ߣҲܶļŮԾǸʵˣԾɿ֡
̱ڵϣ̧ۣͻеĶţʲô
ϱô࣬ᣬѵӮ𣿼ȻžӭҸΪʲôҪȥŬӣϱӾɳ˶ɷТ˳ĶŮΪʲôԣ
ԾûлشʵϣԾֻŪߡ
ķˣԾˣǲǻҪӣ
ԾǣȴЦˣѾˣ֪޸˭𣿡
Ƿ̣޸˪Ц
ԾüһȷʵӣǸղţﵽ˶塣ΪĴڣãһлǻصԭĹá
ӣĲ˵һĴϺá
ῴԾɻ󲻽⣬ﳩĺܡ
ٸһ¡
һĿ⣺ӣһǸҲʱġ
Χ˶˼Ծˡ
ƽдᡣ
Ծ䲻԰ɣţӣĵһ£ǵ㡣ΪûңͻԹԼ㣿ˣ
ĵһ£ǵ㣡ɼж㣡


71 
ŵ˲, ѼСӶſˡ
Ծ죬˵ʲôȴû˵˶ĬĳĬҲ, ˶, ԼԼ裬ĶǺܳˡ
ӳȥ׼ֱӰ͵ϵĹҪ̫ʬҲãʡ
ԤԼ³֮ǰ, Ծס
, ǱΪּҵ, ܿڵ绰˵ˡ
Ƕ⣺˵̫ˣԼźӶáҲûӡ˵ôַּң룬ʵ֮ǰԼûչ, ֻǲּҹȢ, ܸˣԲŲˡ
Ծﶼű, , 㻹Ҫ
Цĸ⳩, ôͲˣͲǸܱסίˡӣίҲԾ, չ˼Ҫ̷۸, ּܡ
Ծֻ֪˦һ, һŲܡҲ˵Ŵٽϵ, Ǹ, úίװ֡
᣺Ծ֪ӣΪʲôҪˡˣûëʵϲ˶ġ
ᱻѺˣᡣǰ·֪ΣԼ·һѡ
ˣµĻ׻ԼҼֵ֮˸ҡ
ԾſҪ˽ͣȴҲ֪Ķ˵
˵ЩȻǼٵģԾȻ˽ģֵܸĸȻϱҲһֱûּңҲֵһ
ǡǡ
Ծϱӣ֮ԲּңΪûìܡ
ӣ֮͸ľ˵ΣҲᱧԹ̫没ԾʱҲǸⱲһߺǣίǣԴ绰Ұְ֡
ӣӦ֪ģΪԾдλؼҾ˶Ӷӣ˵ӣûΪ˸ܣǶӸá
ΪģԾȫľͶҵϡȻʲô˽ıԹڲӷϣתҵصطҲ̤ʵ͡
мΨһһӣ⣬תҵسǣ˹һСΡӣʲôʱ԰ͺӽӵسȥ
ʱôشģԾѾǵˣֻ֪ǴӣûԸ
ûʲôƴŮڼӣѵ
ԾܾãΪһѾȱ
ӲҸ㣬Ҳִˣÿ°ʱӣѡտʼ˶˵ӣ¼ˣһбҵֳĺÿǱ˵ĴԾġ
Ǻ˾ת˵ӣһµˣ˺ӡ
֪϶СϱԼԾ
Ծղ˵ģ˵ӣ޸˪˵ӣһҲġ
Ծʮֲ⣬ôҲ벻ס
ȻӣģΪʲô޸ˣ
ԾԽԽԶóڵĽҲû˵ڼֵ֤Ļʵԡ
ԾعҪſڣȴֵܴϡ
۰ָղŭģιȥˡȻȥտ֣Ҳȥչ˺Ӱɣôᡣ
Ծ˵ȥףͶѾתһȥá
Ծֵ֪ǵĸ飬Ҳˡ
Զű飬ˣѾС׵ĵͷҪ˯
ûκΣԾֻܱӻؼȥԶڵĻŤǰѰְֹϣޱİġڣ׵ദʱҲû¡
Ծӱݣݾʹʧɫ
Ȼɢ˺üʳӣӾۡ
ԾСŮŴϣץŶӾʣЩʳǴĶģ
ԶЩ£˵Ǻġ
ԾüͷǮģʳ۷ǵҲô࣡
ԶС˵軹ڿ͵ؽЩҺóԡ
Ծµؽѣְǿ˶ɵˡ
Щʳܼһ𣬿ȥİٶ
Ҫ֪һֵԱһֵʳҲûôడοʱڡ
ԾӶҪըҪʲôը
ԶĲ䵽ߣ˵ҪЩȥǮǮҺǳԡ
Ȼˣ죬ǰЩ졣ỹԶʱ򣬻©һ䡣
Ծǲô뵽˹ϡ
ˣҲֻǸ֪ǰĴ˻ɣ϶Ǵĵͼ۶ڸ߼
ԾŶϸϸʹһһΣ³ʳỹʲô˵顣
Զһһʮ˵ˣԾܿ˳һС
ʵٽܺԼǮģĲ֣Ūġ
ԾԶе֪ǱҲ⣬Ȼûи˵˳ӵֵĺܴҫǸҲΧ綼֪Ĵ󰸡ԶҲ֪һЩ
Ծ׿ҵ飬תרעʳ
Զ˵˻ʳҲ⼸죬ǲܵġԾǲӴⷽҲ֪֮۸ߣΪ㹻͵ĵط֡
϶յʳҪɣҲһǰͿʼˡ
Ծüȥ֡
ֻǶڣҲûʲôϾ˵ģҲûȻֻûǾ㲻ǵҲƲͶѡ
Ǹ˺ϻĲ鱻֪ˡ
¾͵
ԾԽԽòԾʶӣȷˣ϶ͬ
Ծڳ˼ԶȴѾίˡ
ְֻˣ豻ˣǰְλҲûһҲûߡֻʻ
СˣһͿ
Ծô죬ͻȻϡ
ԶҭҭְֻҶˣҲҳԵġ絽ҲûԶû˹ܵС
Ծŷ֣Ѿˣ͵Ҳû㣬ʳһأŮҲûԷ
ˣְָ
ԾҲеܶԶ˵ԲˡӲһ䣬ȥ
͵Ծ֪ĶǶǵ̨ͻóʱ䡣ļҲֻһѼˣһһ롣
ŵģûˢֻæңһæһæǱߡ
òӶѳԣҪԡ
ԾһڣҲѳԡʳӲͷƤһ࣬ʣµ˵ͣ˼Σѹųꡣ
ĳ꣬ϴҲϴѣԾҲڿͷ˯һϡ
ڶһ磬¶˾ġ
ʳ뽻ȥ
ִˣ굹ʳǷھᶼҪץġˡ
ʵϣ⼸νĴͶѣصǴͶʲôͶͼո߼Ϣ̰Ͷѡ
ڵʳǶĴҲҪԹ䡣
Ծ𴲣ӺŪһ£æųȥҴӳ罻һģҲ¡
ӵίԾҪš
ߵſڣһ«ưվűߡ
ʳ
Լ϶ŵܵܡ
Ծʱһͷ󣺡硭費ˣЩʳҪȥ
Լ϶һ䣬ʳ費裿
ԾӲͷƤĽ費ˣ磬ʳϾҪȥˡ
ȴûȥֻǼڽһЦǸ翴㡣ãģҾٲҲԼźġҲմһֹ⣡
˵꣬תߡ
ԾҲ
ԾƵԴһԼʲô
ĸǸĸֵֵܲܡ
ԾӲȥ˴ӳӳһ֪ˣϢͨ˹磬Ǳֱ˸쵼һ졣
һǰ̫һǰ׼
ڹûü󣬾ȱһ
ǹϲ䣬ֱӰҽˡ
쵼һ񣬾ȥˡ
Ͳӣһж˵ˣ̫̫ôϻôΪʲôЭʳôֿ
ȫ꣬Ҳȫץ˹
̫̫һƿڴû취°
߻ûлԾ˵أ͵ٹ죬ʳߵʱȥδŮ˵Ҳ̸Ǯ
߻û߾·
᷿Ĵ󼸰ٽʳʵֱ֤Ӱ˴ٲԨ
µͷ̫˲˾ģе鶼ϱơƴҪѼժ
ϱҲǳصģ˭ⱳŸڹ
һʱ֮䣬Ӷ˵ĳ
ӣʮֲͷǲҪˣЩûкʵأ˭̫̫㣬ԭǸ˵ҪЮ㣬ͬģ𣿡
ղִһֱվ̫άƼƼɵˡ
ˣ
̫ĵãҪֻܿƼƼһҽУţ;ͷϴʹ
ԲۣϽģ
Ůͬ־㲻ҪٴˣٴȥҪˣ
˷𣿡

òװƼƼ̫Ѿҧģϡ
ƼƼ棬Ϊûк˶ٰ볰ЦӹĶôסͷһоȻǼٵģ
һһͿʼޣָ̫һӺݺǺöǳûpۣӾû𡣷뵽ʲôʲô
һŸͬ½
ҿеİˡ
ĩϵ׵ڲȥˡӣҵҲջʱ
ӣ˸Сñĸ̫ȥλҳ̫ѣһƬ۶仨
ӣʱʱȪˮһƬƼá
̫ҲԾۼҵﻨá
ӣûء
̫ͺã
Ȼ޶ĻôһһƬ
̫ϲ⻨ãǽ֣ɲȫˡ
ôõĻӦá
ӣһʪĻڳĻˮʪһҧԵ㡣
ӣⶫƢθͷĥСԡ
ôһƬأȫҲûʱ䡣
ӣһƣ㻨иʮ
̫ĺܣȥͷեͣܳʮ͡
˻ӣͶص̡տòӣΪֵӳųԡ
ɲ֪ǲֵеصλƫժˣ̻㡣
ӣһˣ¿̱ժߡ
ڵȿ̵ʱӣĻԳNֳԷ
ˮʪɹɣϴɾȻһСľ鳣ϴõĻᴸһһΪûСںѷ죬÷ζȻҶǹƤлټһӽͣǹؼһСʱϴ졣ˮͺˡ
ˮԵľ»ζƤǰһ֭ˮŴ
˪һӣֱ̫߷һӣ֪ͳˡ
ǳӣߥ˪ԹֳѸӽȥľƹһǿǵ˪۹ҺĻƤֵҼζȻĹζ
ӣ߳ԱὨ飺Ȼͷ꣬ŪһΡ
С죬ʺϹʱĥˡ
һӣõţƷ
˪ϵվ˺þõĹϵǳȣվţ̳Ҫʱ㣬ߺŸӣ˰Ͱ̡
Ϊ̣˪ǿŵȥȡ̣ͣĵгؼҡʵϻʢУ㣬¸°ţŪˡ
˼ңֱӸ˸ӷˮ
ӣȱȻţ̺棬мϻǡڰ֥ڡ
˪ֻҪһ;Ҳѳԡ
̫ҲզࣺԹԣţ̰ǰ棬զŪó԰
ӣΪһϵľˣѸٵĽӻʵŴ׷ƤãŴƤϻ֥ڣټӵʣҧһڣǸھʡ
˪룺ǲǼӵηҲԣ
ӣ͵ͷҲԣҪͼÿ
˪ĳ£ӣͳ˰ǻ֥ڵİ㲻㣬ССһ͸С㣬˪ĵۺСһСڡϺȡ
ӣϺȡջǱƷѩƤҧʳ۵ϡ
Ǽڻ֥࣬ҲĴͿڸУںԣƤӣͣ
ʣµһţ̣˫Ƥ̣Ψһϧû䣬˫Ƥ̳Ͳ̫á
˪һ㱺ɵĻ飬ٰӣ˵ļһЩĺ춹ӣԼƷĿͶֲˡ
̫ϲζģ𡣡
˪ӣʣһ˫Ƥ̳ˣԼСӼǶԼĻе˵ĸоܾûٽ
û죬˪ַİ㵽ƿţ̣ε٣ǲƿװģϴˡ
˪˼ΣһӣҲ˵õ˫Ƥ̡
ƽĹһʱ䣬ڵ˾³
·ݵĿͷͲ̫ƽسǵϢµվѾﶼƱ򲻵ʳˡ
ӣ˪ʦǶҪҪȥһΣ
ϴθ¶͵ĶӦǹģӣּ˲ٽȥһң׻ǽġ
˪ͷɣȥ
ҲȥʦôٻҲü
ӣȥ㣬ӵһЩҩˣȥ㱸õġ
ǵȵڶӣȥϣȴһʶ˸¡
ӣʮƵĿվǰˡ
Ծֳɣջǿڣʱ¡


72 
ӣܵһ˭, ǰȥ
˺꣬ӵߵģĻǶ, һŵζӣֻҪһ֪, ׼·ûϴɾɹҲ׵ùζͰ͵ĳ´ϣȥòҲ˺ܴۿۡ
ӣѳӵм䣬˿̬ܵȣԾԶ
ôԶľ, ԾʻҲûõӣһش
Ծüͷ, ˼ʮ, ӣԼǰһȥʱͶŮæһμѾҽԺ̫ƽ䡣ӣϱҲ, æ, ദ࣬ɷ޾Ƿ, ƽҲԶû䱸
ӣĳĬ, ԾԵĻﲻ޵ķʸ
Ծ̾һ, Թ˵ѾˣԼҲ, м䣬һЩֶμ޸ҵġҲıȽ, ṵ̂
Ծô߸ӣ, ˵, ԾҲ֪ô
ǻ, ӣӦ֪ģɶԷıϱӵһжֹȻԹ
ӣ򶨵Ŷ˵зɿתǰ˵ѾȻҡ
Ծ
Ҳλý÷ϱԭɷ
ӣɲ˵ҲԼ¶ųԾϱӻӦòԿ϶ԼײǸԾһӵԭһ϶ԷҪ׷ԭӣȥĶˡ
ӣƴƴմգޱȿԾܶ˵䡣
Ծԣ˵֪ǰΪ̫æԺĸܡȻѾ˪һˣҲͲ˵ʲôˡ˪˲ģӦҲĿԡ
Ծʱһֱڴµ̯ӡʳǽˣΪˣɱҲҪ顣ȷʵװףܿϴɡ
ҲȻʶӣûټԾʱϽҾٱңûء̫˸͸ġ
ԾļֵܻˡһˣզܲԻף
ֻԾԼǸѪѹʱܵϸѪѹҲǷǳϡ٣Ժܶ˶֪ϱΪ̫ĸѪѹڳ˲֢ԾʱĸȥһҽԺġ
̫̫ȫĹͻѪ˨͹Ĳ
Ծзֵܼ׾ѡ
Ծп˵ֻһ¼٣·Ͼͻ죬ȥҪ죬ڼֻܰ¡
ɵڣѾڼҴһˡ
һҪĽϵ飬ĸװɥ¡һҲΪӳû˹ˡ
ȥֵܷ˼˺ûһԸӵġͷϰ飬ǿԾˤҪ
Ծֱڲ֪ʲôæңǧͷڵҪҪȣ򴲻Ҫ·ȥһ˻Ҫϴġ
Ծһºӣ˶ٲ֮ǰ緢
ûȥӣĻȻԾȫţῴʵ
ʵǣӣȷʵ޸˪
ԾûôҪϸȥӣҲԼĵԼڣӣȻѾˣҲᱧԹ
˸־
ȻԸƽͷ֡
ʵϣǽϿӣгȥӣ
ɿǰǰƯӣԾҲ֪ΪʲôܾЩȻʧӣΪʲôϱһ׵ĺӲҪ޸˪
ˣ˵˵ȥǲ֪ôĻʳ
ԾȻ˲һѡˣǾͺúùӰɡˣԶҲܺã뿴ӣҲš
ԾȻĻӣͺܲǸζˡ
Ծ˵ûԼǸӦԭ޸ͷҲĲӦǿԵģӦɫȻ
ӣԼĽǶȿ;Щˡ
ԾϢˣԶϢˣҲϢˣԭأ
Լʱһָʹ²ԼһҲվһɡȻǲÿ
ǲǾ˵ĿУϱӵӣǸ˺ͼŮļͥ
ӣðһ£Ծ˵ˣҸǼûʲô˵ġŹ̨һˣиܸҾñǰöˡ
Ծһ£Լûһ㷳ꡣ
ӣڼӻ𣺡˵ˣϱԼĺҲˡ
ԾüĿ価ǲ⣺Ȼ룬Ϊʲô˵˵ˣҲ֮Ҫһӡ
ӣޱ̵Ĵԭ飬ӿȵŭҪһʮжΣԼû
ԾͷһαӣָűҲӦҲ㣬֮ǰҲͬˣ磬ӳϢʲôҪǲҪ𣿼ƽô
ӣˣȻ
ǺˣֲԽ֮ûܵԭĴڣֲԾᶼˣֻԭû
ƴճԭϱӣǱӿžȥ衣޵ǳϢˣǳϢΪԼŮΪһӵԭһûеõ
ԭһӶûԼĺӣΪԾӷһüӺͼŮ˺ӣǰ̡
ޣ
ӣױޣԾᣬڹˣһԣҸǰΣҿ;öġ
Ծüͷôڸøһ
ӣЦˣøôˣҾ͸øŮøⶼչ˺ãĴ󷽣㷢ۻһϸǰɣϼǻʵ϶Լö԰ɣÿԼһ˳ɾʹȥˣһŮ˸չ˼ҵŮ˶ҪҶ԰ɣ
ӣǺһЦſɣԾŮˣⱲӣΪ
ԾмӣĻһЪ˹Ů˶䡣
Ծ㡣
ھӣҲˣһ˼ʮ꣬ôҲ֪Լǵ̵ĺޡ
ӣĿһˣΪһԭĴԽʿ֪Ϊʲôԭˡ
ˣʵĻ䣬Ҳ˵һ仰
ӣˣԾ˼йӣһ׿
ǾԲӣˣ
һǲ֪ˡ
һӣ˺úùӵСҪ̰ͼӡ
ӣΪѵһֲ֪㣿˸Լĺӣ˪ȥɷߵƽ
ô룬ĸгϢΧźͼͥתģ
⣬Ůڣ˭Ҳӵģ
ôУ飿
ԾƽҲáӣѾϱǸĸˣȷʵѾʺԼ
ҲգҲǸԵˣ˭ʸѡԼ
ӣöϱӲ⣬ȥҪƽӰɣҪȥ֪֮ڡ
ԼֻҪϱӵ·ߣһܳԽϱӵĳɾ͡
ԾԼȹ˸֮Ļ̿ڣʱ佫δ˼ƻ׼ץסÿһλĳɾ͡

֮һš
ԾԼͷǰɥżźӣҲ㲻Ϻãʱͺˡڶװ෿ǰޣһλʷǸҡ
ҲС
Ծľӣǰûţӻܸ￴ţֵܼҲܰӦ
ﲻˣֵּܷˣӾͳɽ˭ܡ
Ծ˼ǲҵģϾȵزȥٹϼ£תҵسǡΪְֵĻǹĺõλһõĲѡ
ԾԼ٣ȴ֪ҪԣҪ˵Ҫָ߿ʱԶҲѧ
⼸Ļι̣ʱӸզ죿
Ծ֪ںܶ˶鵱£ҲָѧУֻ̣ҸĻ̶ȸһģϱӵӣ
ǼǵãʱԶԸȥѧУӣÿ鱾дģӽӵûôѸٵĸ˽ȡ
һ뵽Ծ߿˼֡ȥϵһԶݣԷϹϵ࣬ԼһžǶԷҵġ
Ծȥݼң˫Ϳ˵꣬ԷҲȵԾߡ
˸ͳţԶ׾ͺݺһڡ
Զ׵ĶϱЩ⣺
ԶŶϱͿʼ²ۣԼСǲӽ¿ˣզǣҸһбҵĻƻŮŸңûϵĹ
ϱҲ󾪣ô˵ˣѾȢһҵ𣿡
Զװڰ֣ǸûȢã˵Ѿ½ȥˣ鶼ˡ
ϱͷһҲʰôӣզĻҪϹ
Զף˭˵أǸᣬҿɲӦڷ˼ңûиĸģֵ֮ҲŶԼҹƿҪ˵ҸͬӵĹѸҵǻʹʹҪͷ飬ҪбҵҵθԹԣ˼ҸбҵģڹҸɣ˼ҹͷйﶼңǿ󣬿ھҪȥ裡
ϱզ˵ģ
Զף˵һܿšЦҾкʵҲܿڰǸ˵׻Ǹأ˭ҹҲܴӦ˵ûøҴӴ
ϱɲǣûΪɶ˵𣿡
ǺǣСӻͷأ˵ϾתҵʱתسǵĹȥСΡҸŮ˵ˣʱתسǣȹȵܸźӶӽǡ
ϱ٣һ⻰ȻƵһƻŮĸӦҲԣ
Զһһ۶ϱ˵Ǿǰס˵죬䵽ʵͲ㵱棡Щ˵׵ģ˭ǰԼҵϴԾ˵ԼܽǵС쵼һܵתҵû죬զھֵ֪ĶΣǸɵӣ˼ҹﵽʱˣҲˡٻ˵˳ǣǵʱô˵˼ŮѵҪ飿
ϱѵ̧ͷתһŵĻҲû
˵ǹˣǶõĵλأĶܾô׽û£ôնʮа˾žѣ
ԶҲԽԽòԣϱߴߴһ£죬ͽ˸Ծ˵ûʵġ
£մ
ԾôҲû뵽˵ԼҪΣŸԼӵ룬ȴΪ̫϶Աˡ
Ҳ˲ЩˣӴüΣϽء
ԾӲŵ˼죬ҲԼҪջܱߵļýţһʵĹﶼûУ࿴ûһ
ԾȲסˣֻܰѺиϵһݡ
ֵǲˣԴ̫ᣬֵܼ˵ҲլǱȥ
ûκΣԾֻһʮǮиһסԼʱ˲ӡ
˵ӣԾ֮ӣֻûޱȡ
һǸȽϵˣƽʱҲȣԾǶƲסŭ
ʲôţ
ӣﵻ棬ϣԾⱲӶҵšˣӦԼޣúһνûмֵļͥ
ٽ磬ӣҩڹӪԷ˪һ۲˳ǽ档
̵۲СΣ廨ζߦϣҳζҲʮˡ
ӣֻҪӪԷ˪һ㶼ˣҲڵ̬ˣˣҪƱ˲ܾÿ
ӣ棬ŭȥһЩ˪æ緹߷壬һ衣
軹ӣԼһȥˣصġ
˪ǲӣ֣ԾֵãӣԼ֮½ˣҪ̫̫鷳ִҪȡ
˪ЭһСޣڷӣ˾͸ݵ㡣
˲裬žͺ㡣
ӣͳζůıŲ֡
˪ˣ
ӣŤŤĶˣ
˪㷹ûꡣ
ӣ˭˵ģˣ
˪ҿǰһ㡣궼û֣ҲûҪ档
ӣŭһӾɢˣû˵ǾãЩռ˱˻ϵˣ̫ѿˡ
˪
˪Сӣ֣̿ʼ˼Լռ𣿺ҲûаɣܾСõĶһ㡭
˪ȡӣӣһȥ˵㡣
˪˲һ
˪ӣ֣һȥȥȥ
ӣ룬ǰȥɽժҩģԾĵ͸͸һ㶼빤ȥɢɢġ
˪룺ӦзӳŵӰÿ￴Ӱʱ°һߡ
ӣã
ӣ˪г˳ǣսӣûʲôԡȵ˳¶ҵĺԺӣͷֲˡ
ǰԺļ˼Ҷ˲٣ܿݣԭݵʱ򣬶вɫǲ԰׵ġӣǰԺСҲˣЩġ
ЩǼü˵ģȻҲ˶֪¶ô
˪ӣ˺ԺԺǸǰԺͨŵģʱǰԺмͻȻһǽľţԭķˮǽ˵ģڷˮǽһǽȥҲͻأ
˪ţ¶һ綼ؼϢš
ϣզˣ
ӣ¶ɫãȻ˵㣬ͷǺá
¶ֺǺǵ˵ǾǶģ궼أż칦ڳ⡣
˪˴ķУӣǰˣװڷĲеĳ¶øԡ
¶۾һ˫ӾͿԣһ߳һޣ湻ζǰԵĶһ
ӣôʦʳʲôĹ
¶Ҳɶµ׾ܵʳȱҲ£Ҷս¡Ƿͷţû취ûʳ˼ҾԷ꣬Ҳסġ
ӣҲ鿴Ҫ˪ٸ͵
֮ǰ˪͹һʳ¶һĴ͸ֲ˸ɣӣȴûš
¶ڰ֣ã
ӣѾͷ밡ڷ궼ţҶԲϡҪǼڵԵģһӰ죬ͷǲ˪ҵʳһֳȥʣµҶغˡţҿ϶ţҲøͶˡ
¶ŴһߵĵʱҲһЩܽ˿ﻹж
¶˷ˬóһƱӣ
ӣϲƱʦ̫ˣ
¶һ⣺⻹ʱ˻أϺƣ˵ֻô¿
ӣ¡
¶˵Ͻȥ¿ָʲôʱͶϻˡ
˪ӣϵ磬Ȼ¿ľʣһ̨˸Ͻ¡
¿󣬲ҲܺÿʵǣСԺĲ࣬ǷƣǼƵΣһĵߡ
ӣ֡
һ̨˪һٶʮ顣
ۻԱĽµˣƽʱʽģֻҪʮͿԡ
СڶŹڲ˵Ľ۹ţû߼·ͱ˸ˡ
һü۵С͸˪ֵ̣ܣǸ
˪ӣԼǰ棺
С۲ĿǸƴ¿ƱƵģȥˣȥתת־
Сͼ򶯣۸Ҹԭۣһӡ
˪Ҫܾӣ̽Դӣʲô
СԵãȻôŮ˺úơ
Ǹ缸öԼģģ涼ǸǸûġһ


73 
ӣû, ˪Ȥֺһ£öСϲʤԼ, ǾͬȥǸνӡ
ӣߵһ빩粻ԶСͬ, ʮкʮ־һӡ
·һ֣˵ӣһֵܱܺ£Լ顣ĺӡֻҪһطܳ
ӣû, ˵, ʵϸһľ, ľͷıԵܿһëߡǴӱʲôϾľͷʱһġҲͺͺᶼû硣תСԲťԵƵΡ
˪ĵϻӰɣʽķµģ
СһĴȣֵǶеģɲʽϻôǸֵԴ⣬Լϻ, ľǼҵϼҾе, Ӳôһ㲻Ӱ죡㻹, ҽ
ӣЦˣǲһ, һ
ǿɲ, һģһ塣ֵܣ
ӣûϾ, ˪һӴ˫֪˱˴˵뷨ϻӣ
ӣ, С, ˪, óȥ̫С, ҲҪǣ̫ô죿
ѾǾ·ݣ֪ķӾ͸ӣҲҪڵ䷿ʱҪ𲻲Ժǽ
̫ǲԸһסӣǹţø̫Ҳ׼һ̨
ƱŪֳһϻӵģӣ;
ں¿ϻҲֵʮأߣǰ׬һ̨ϻӡõ£
ӣûƽȥǰǮǴƽˣ׵һ̨ϻӣƱأ
¶û˵ӣҲ֪ƱǻѲ٣˹ϵһ̨ϻӾͻƱûôס
ӣúŪҲЩ٣㿪ۣ̫ˣҲװġмҲ׬Ǯ
ӣţ׬ôң
ⲻǻϻô˵ˣǾϻӣ˳׬졣ǹ˵Ҫ¿ǿ۾Ǳ۸ʮʮ۵ǸȥϻӵǮʣµĲǵġʵ͸û
ӣˣһʣ˵㻹Ǻƭ
ɱ˵װ׵ģҲǺɵˡ
ĳһҲһѾ
ӣаɣ̨ϻӶǮҪˡ˵ãҸʵģһ̨ļ۸۾ͲҪ˵ˡ
°գŲɵءղӣƺе⶯ϻӡŹװĺϻӵļ۸˵ʮͼľǶ߲¿ϻҲ
ɶԷһûϹǵ۲ʵء
һùϵС޲ƭֻʵʵĸָ
ӣ۲ʮ
ĳüˣ㣬㲻˭һӾͿʮġһӺʮû취̸
ӣϱӿ۳ϰˣȴ֪ʱҶʵڣ۶ǼּǵĿ
˪ӣ֣ӻʮ塣ɾͳɣɾ
ίͰͣӡ
۶ôף
˪ϻӶûʲôǮľͷֵǮĶֻҪ·Ҳȥʮ壬׬Ҳˡ
һҧаɣʮʮ塣
˪ȷʵû˵ǸСǶûһ̨ʮתת׬ʮ飬Ҳˡ
ӣӹϻӣʵҲأֻľ̫˲ſء
Ǯôǳ⣬Ǿࡣ
ϻ˻֮ԼӵľУǻȥҪӴ󣬾ͻһм仵ˣ͵طҡ죬һҪôǾޣⶫӣҸĵضޡ
˪ͷղһϻӣȷʵ洫ɼû⡣
һ̨ϻӣ˸ھʹֵˡ
ӣ˪ǫ̂ϻŪȥȴѡ
ӣ߿ԣںϾͲܶˣ΢һĵطҪסҪǰϻںӣ͵ȥ೵ʱѾЩҲ֪ܸܲϰ೵
˪·ߵ޳̯ϻںϣóǰ档

ӣЩ˼ǰ
˪üӣаɡ
ӣɵǰںϣ˪ȴӺһ磬ȵİӣȦڱ
ӣЩգϽߣ
ٽоӵĿ˵ˡ
˪Цһг
ˡ
Ϊǰһӣǵ˪һشӣ˻֪Ѿѡһ족ˡ
ֱڶ죬̫ŵ̫̫ҫߴӵ˲֪˪ӣѾ
Ȼ󣬻Ǽªʽϻӡ

һʱ֮䣬̫˲ϳˣϡһһһ˶ҪһҪһı
˵ɶôֵֹģ
ڲأǽʳ
ҵθԹԣ᲻ᵽ۴Ӱ
ᵽɶ۹Ҷأֲʳ˵ۣ
ףզֻ˰
ǵ̨أɩ˵ˣܻų̈յ׶̨أ
̫ˣɩӰǳϱܽаŵɩݣ̫ˡ

ӣԼû뵽̫һ˵̨а۵ͬʱҲӣ˵ֻһ̨Ǹϻӡ
ֻ̫˵һ̨ϻӣ˭ҪȥˣҲ顣Ҫ˵ҲУֻҪ
̫˲ͰֻԼеĶôггҪ˪ӣҪãƽʱ˭м£ȥ˪衣Ҳһ
ӣ˵̨ٲֳ̨һ̨Ҳû°
̫ǲԸ˶ֵֵӣû취
ھͺˣϻӷǶһȺ̫̫Žƣ˭Ըȥȥǲ±˵
̫ݣȥȥˣü
һǰϵ˻ߣһǼҾͺˣתһҲˡҲˡ
ӵĵڶҲ˹Ҳ˵һжá
̫ű˵Ĺάжˡ
µũϡˣû죬֪ķҲ޺á
ΪԤԺٲ֪࣬ӳиֱӰ˰֪ľż䷿Ӷ˳õĲשҲʮֽʵ
֮Ů֪ͶӼסԱҰ˳
ҵ̬ͬ󲿷һģеļԱҴ˸ģһЩᡣ
ƻͽסģ᲻뿪
ƻͽٰ֮ǰʰĸɸɾƻмǰ׼˼ϡĹҵƱĹƻȥ̫ллԷԸס
̫Ҳƻӡ󲻴Ȼ˵㣬ŮޣҲûʲô
ƻͽһߣ̫ͻԼס
ȻһǽǷ㣬̫ϰԼҵԺӷӡ
ִ̫ߣӣ˪һҲʼ޷ӡ
ڵķҲӣ£߾ͲҪԺǽˡ˪мԺǽˣשͷ
˳ӵķȻҲשǸשѾϾɵ粻שͷˡ
ӣ˪һڵש
ֻһ㣬ѵǮͲˡ
ӣϵİֽڴԽ֮ͷһ̾׬ǮĺѰ
ǰ˪Ĵܹ㣬ȻЩ׽ˡ
֮ǰɽ׬ʮ飬ԭеĴиٶ࣬ټӣҩģ˪Ĺʺ죬˵Ĵ֮ǰʱǵһǧࡣ
ͬģ֧Ҳ١
һȻҪƱ۸Ҳǲ͵ģһһһٶϻʮ壬ĹζҲ˿һ١һڳԴ϶ôʡԵĿɽҲ˲١֮ǰţ̣⣬ӣȥϷԷ
ĸǣӣ֮ǰûѣ·ġ̫˷һӣʱһڶ򣬽̫¶ǶвƱӣһƱϡ·
ôһ㣬ڵĴٶ࣬ټϳȱҲˡ
ӣô㶼ýš
ȫשǣȥмԺǽש飬ٶࡣ
שҲΪʲôӿŶûשԭ£֪ӸǷǻѴҲҡͷڸǷϣǷͼʲשǣǸ٣Ҿߡ
ļҾ߶ҪҾߣҪʮ
ӣԭĵػһ䷿˪ˣûҪһ䣬һ㡣ԴСҩ񣬷ŵҩģ˪ŵɻ֮ġʡĵؽ̫ÿζµ̫鷳
Щȥ֮ӣ֮ǰҪԡҡԡҵǲʲôשԡͰסԡͰˣҲҪʮ顣
˪廰ڼ
ϳˮ̫鷳ǵˮÿ϶˪ȥˮΰѼĸ׸
ӣҪġ
ûܲ㡣
򾮵ļ۸ҲҪʮ
ôһ㣬ٿ߰˰˵ľͲʣ١ʣǮҪ׼ڶ
ӣ̾˵أǮ֪ʲôʱˡ
˪ЩɣҪȻ궬Ҿסꣿ
ʵ򲻺ãʳǸգǰ춼Ƕϵģ컹Ҫûʡ
˪ҲЩԥˡ
ӣԸڷɻ쵼ҲͬġŲţʱ϶յ
ȥлԾͷôܻ֡˪ԹԵĻã˵ˣָҪôˮء
˪Ҳ̾˿
ҲͷһΪǮա
ǲڷҲУϷӲܲסˣҪ˵ˣǴӰѷӸӣӣҪǲܾǶȹ꣬˳ҫڶ˻ٺʲô
ϽѷӷˣʱԼԺӣʡĺٳƤ
ǮȱģҲҪɵġ
ӣ˰壺ȻˣԺ˵
˹Щɽϵҩ﷭һ£ʵĶŪȥǸֻҪ˷֣ǰǻһ
ǽӣԵæµࡣ
Ǵ򾮣˴Ժ˺üطһˮۣ˳ĸ˾ɹʮ죬ˡ
žשͷǰӡ
ֱӰѸһݣΧԺǽһԺҲˣֻӣߵһš
ԺһһԡңľһԡͰ
һж꣬Ѿǵڡ
ڣӣǰӡǳԴзȻƾƣһ±ǲµģйȾôأ뿴һ£ſҰĻ棬ֻڵȥһ˴ԭҸɽ
ǻһطӣͲˡ
ԺǱԹշΧһԭҲΪǼΪḻġ
һļٶ춼򵽵±ԶԶûʲʱһ²ܳԵһεϲá
ߴӵҲ±ֺ²ȫǣ˿˿һζ±СС֥ӵҲһ¡ҲǺһܳԵһεζ
ﵹǻᷢ±ƱҲи±ʽܳԵ
ӣĿҲˣ˪һ̹ӡ쵽ǰӣ߶Ҫ±
˪ָĲˣԸʵǲͨӣ˵̫ˡ
Ƿë±ʺϹѹʣټϹڣһƤһ֣𤲻Ӳ㡭
ڵģûڣƤ󡭡
˪Ҳ֪ӣĶôĳԷЩûԹ
˲ӣûὨ飺ǵﲻʽıڿ¯һ¿Բ
˪εжҪ֣ҲʹӦһ԰ɡ
ӣ˵֣ϷǱߵȷʵôܱ֤
ӣһԼĹùʡ⼸ɽңûаʡ
˪㲻ҪȥɣеϾá
ӣͷɵǸΣյĻưнֲָǲ֮϶ܳǿȥ
û죬ӣڴ˲ϣŪһЩ𻨣ɹһСװ
˪Ȱӣ˵һ̣Ȼʱ˳ֿˡ
ھȻϵĻ
ȵӣԣͷûȡ
˪һ£͸ʡǵʦдš
ӣһ߶Ⱥöˣ˪ԼҲãʱ򣬼ŸҲͦáԲҲ㡣
Ǹϲ±ˣ˪ʮ±ȥ
ӣһĴָóԣ
㣬ƤɲӲ塣
ӣ߳Աʣõ￾¯û˵ʲôɣ
˪û˵˳ģǽ쿪¯ϲ
ӣϲ
˪˵ʱϲһ֥Сһǰϲµ˼Ҷ˲
˪˵ţлԾҪˡ


74 
лԾҪˡ
ӣǲģ˵Ҫզһֱϵڡ
ӣлԾǸӢĶ, ˴ײֺһԷʱĪڷ˦˸ӿء
˪ǰ˵ȶٽᣬһ϶ϵ, ˵, ֱӽᡣ
ӣҲ̫ˣʱӦö𣿰˵ʱǹѽ
ڵǰĻҲɢģһ½鶼ѡڼ䡣
˪˭֪أлԾ, ˵ʮ³ˡ
˪ҲҪδġ
˪ܲ⡣
Ӫ쵼֪ô, ҪֱֻӸ˪˻, ˵ǵĹճ
˪лԾƭŮ˵ԼзӣŮůƿŮƭϵĻ, Ҳܳá
ȻлԾǸ˲ô, ǾԴãָʹġлԾƭҲǲʵ
׷˻, лԾǸ궩İ, ˪ֻհ졣
ֿ, Һᶼ˽ȥ
ҪǹʧֻǸСġȴΪ̯¡
ʳİٽ, СһٽǴҴȥģԼʳֻٽǴ
Ϊ͵Ը̼, ̫ʱȫҪ˴, ϸŲҪأͷŸ, ˶ϸԸû, Ǿͳԣϸҵģ
ʳۺϳɽ永һҡҵĽٶϡ
ٿǮԾͲһˡ
ôҲ벻ԼҴȫҵף䵽档һʱ֮Ϳʼٽҷ
ҵļϱٱҵļ˾ٱֵʵʲ룬̫ƴϴѣ˵ǮǶǵģ϶Ǿġ
ֽйǺݺݼʶһ
Ľҽȥľ̫Ƕûȥ
ҪЩʳȷʵûԶҵзͺѽ綨ӦأʵȴӦᡣ
һ£̫͸ģ͸ġΪȷʵûͣԶˡ
˰ףίǱҲ˲õӡǺˡ
ҵ˳Ƚٺңʵ
ʵǣҵڳڲѾ⼸˹ĵλҲѾǸˡ
ϱʱûбס
ᡣ
صңʳˡǮѹʳϣѪ޹顣ͣˣұŴҪҸʱҲ
˳Ʋʼ˻ָ
裡̰Ĳ㣡úõӲҪʳ
㻹ңʱڱţ˵ɶӦɶ
ޣڹңһû˴û˹أ
㣡
򰡴򰡣б¾ʹңﲻˣ

ֵĲɿû죬ϱʰ˰ȥˡ
ǻᣬǼһ˺զģٻ鲻ϵˣҸĴӣѰһǿġ
ûƼƼ
ǺûŮģҲȥˣͶһˣһܼޡǼǣŶŮټˣԺҲٲ˵ӡ
ϱﻹСھӶʼˡ
ҵļô졣
ϴģŮ˶ǶһۼǾܣŮˣǶ
϶߷ߣ磬ǲǵˣǮٵûۣ
϶ϱ˾ˣǮûУȥѲûһ
ϴĿһ۵ܵܣ˵иƨã
ﵱֵܼëԲŸǮһЩֵܵĲֻ˶ʮ顣
˭ʱǼҿأ
ĸֵܣǹˣһ;òܲˡϱҵĺܡ
㲻ϴҲԸȥҪ
ʵ汻صˡ
ɷֲˣûˡĺܣȥ˼֣ҡ
˼ҲǺüжء
϶ˣȴûӦͰԼİ
ıϱҲΨһһûܵϱ
һת磬磬Ҫ˵ھͱɩǵˡҪզ졣
ϴɥһզ죿Ϸӻ£ѻǨȥֵ¡
ϵĻڣҲǹ˻ڣû˹ǮϾǰװ׵ĺʱ䣬Ψһĳ·ǻشȥֵأͷǣżݣǨȥҲѡ
ĲԸ⣺Ǩȥϵķأ
ҵϷѾƵĲˣȥǰľҪ޷ӡ
ϺúõĴӲסȥסƷֵأ
ﶼܡ
ϴ󣺡ô죿·ʳû۵ķݣϷҲûǵķݣ͵Ŷ𣿡
ϴ˵˵ź
̫ȥˣϱˣҪźǣҽĶǷꡣ
С˵ǲǻС𣿡
ϴ󣺡һѾͷƬܸɶ
ϱ廰զˣӢҵǸ󣬾˵ϷĴأ֮ǰȥԷøǮǼˣ˵ҪӢܰͷǼŪȥԱͦõ𣿡
϶Ů˼Ҽҵģͷʶ̡ۼӢǶ⣿
ϴ󣺡ǣۼҪɶûɶӢǶܸ飿
Ŀϱ˵ľ죬ϽḧŶԷ֡ɩӶˣɲܽԼϱҲܡϱõĲˣ˳ġ
ۼҵ£ֻҪӢӲ˵զ֪
һ⣺˵ˣӢҪǼ޹ȥˣǼҲܸ
ϴ󣺡㿴Ѿͷʹ˦۶ȥأ޸лԾԣָҰŹ붼Ҫ롣
ģӢӿ϶ӵģǴҲûġӢлԾ϶Ҫ˳ȻǶҪɡɣ磬ȥӢӡ͸˵ǿ԰лԾ顣ֻҪʵʵǵĻȻĻ
ģлԾ˲ٻѣҪǲ󴵣͵ȫߣ
ĲŲҪȥֵأӼϹӣˣȥֵأɲ
ɣĵĽ硣
ϴ϶һۣͲ˹ؼ
ȷʵڰΨһܿϵģֻӢһˡ
ֻпĶĸ˲ܹϺӡ
ֵȥҵӢûʲô򣬾лԾסҵ˶Ӣ
Ӣı飬ųġǽȥתһȦ˻͸ųˡһСҲûûҵô㲻ͷϡҲǰӢųȥտҵĺǡ
Ӣտ˼ֶֶŮһֱ˷ųϢӢʰ˶ֱѹʱȥлԾ
лԾȻʣκӢϤװһװͻ˹ȥ
Ӣ˵˲Ը޸лԾлԾũܳлԾһˡ
ʲôҪϯҪֻҪлԾ顣
лԾϲ޲ֱӢȥ֤
ֵӢһӦǷˡκ˵䶼ʹ㡣
˹ƭлԾ˵ʽΪ󲻻¶Ƚ˻´󼪣˵ҪȥлԾȥϵĹһ¡ö࣬¾һ䣬Ͼ֪ûˡΪĻ»ܰȥ
Ӣɫѿ
лԾ֮ԴûлɹΪ͵˸·ӣкüζǳ°ʱ⴩ŹװȥҵлԾ
ΪˣлԾŴûлɹҲûȥʹ
ڲһˡ
ǵĹûˣҵҲ𽥴
Ӣˣһžĵĳ˼ôһҵĹġ
Ļ˵ֻҪ㰴ҵ˼˾вϡҲлԾ顣ĸ磬ʱлԾҪ飬Ǿȥ굷ңǸɣɶأ˸ã
һߺһţûþ͸Ӣ˵ˡ
Ӣ͸лԾ˵ҼˡԾɿˣ˵ҪҲܴ档ǾǷ꿪ʮʱ򶩻ҲˣֱӾǽ顣ô
лԾá̫ˣ
ϲʤжĿӢӢӣáԺһίġ
Ӣ
ڵŤŤӣţҪס仰ŶҪίңҲܸ飬ҪһֱҺá
лԾ㣬־ҪģлԾ֤һӢ飬һֱӢõġ
лԾԼ̫ˣȢйϱŻʮľϯǮʮֱӸһŽһǮѾʮ飡
ܿ죬лԾȥӢ࿴
֮ǾԼ񵽱ˣ
ӢҵķӿȥǽʵĴש߰˼ĴӣžͽĽ
ȻȥʱûӢĸףӢļһɩͬлԾʮġ
лԾȻֶʱ䡣
ʮ³ˡ
Ҽֵܶͬ⣬ӢҲӦˡ
лԾĶԷҪʱ̫ϣûϵȻô˳
ͣȥţܿöһС
ʮ³죬翪ʼʮ֡
ҵǶǴģҵ£ҼֵҲԴҶֻǾ̫
ϴڱܴܵѶˣȥ̼ˣȥǶ˾Ͳˡ軹绰˵ǸϽõĻˣȻҪиһõĻ¾Ҫϵˡ
ҵҲ⡣
ǣǵעˣôˣ
ðŲһǸϢģȵٷզ
ϯҲĳ
ɲǣϲĹֺóԵģǶĴĿǿˣ
ɶϲһˣҶ˵ˣ˼Ƿģų̂Ǹ˵쵼أ
ԹԣӢ̫ˣôõĶɵÿˡͷҲðĵ㣬ǼҴѿҲҪˡ
죬ڳʱлԾֻ񣬲ΪۣΪ˸лԾϵ
˪Ѿ˶֤ɵҲ֪˪ǾҪˡ
һˣ˼ҿϹӪС弡
ԣҪлԾˡ
ֻҪлԾ㣬֤ܱ֤лԾϴ
ʱˣϼ꣬͹һˣ
վ̨ϣģ˵˼䳡滰
Ҷơ
лԾҲúӡ
лԾ:лμҵĻ磬Ҫ֣ضӢͬ־ŵԺһúõĶ㣬һ۸㡣ҪһһŬδӡ
лԾͻȻ
´ӵ
զ˵ĺúõ𣿡
ǰզͣˣ
лԾĿſڡ
ʱ˿̣ſվһڵķޣϸһСһĺӡһ⣬Щ˶ݵƤͷ
ǶԷð⣬ԶԶżһϴζ
лԾľڵ
мǸŮͻȻſھͿޣлԾԾҿҵˣ
뿪Ҷ೤ʱˣզһֱȥҸһֱأ


75 
лԾôҲû뵽, ʱ֡
Ӣվ࣬ȵлԾ˵Ҳ˵䡣οüˣȥ˳, Ҳ˿ӰӢ顣
ԽԽ˵ö, лԾ˵
棬ԼķӣȻӲ㣬лԾҲ֤ˣ赽ʱԲ
Ӣ, лԾôõĹ, 費, Ǻô͸Լҵģ
ŲҼֵܣǴָ©һҲǳ˰
˵˵Ӣ뷨Ҳ֡Ϊ֮ǰÿڷԷлԾûбֳκεΪѺͿ
Ӣθھһ㱻лԾιġ
ſŮ˴ſǻѷ˵עǣ˹ȥ
ӢԣԾ, ˭
лԾʣ, ôˣ
Ӣ
лԾĵ
ſڵŮ˿Ͱ͵˵Ծ۹˰, ǶĲˡ, ҸмֵܶҪˡ
Ǻټô, һ£׳ŵ˵㡢զҸأǶ˺üˡ
лԾҲ˸ͻȥǮ𣿡
лԾϽӻ, ղûӦǼ˲Ϣ֮, ͿԼµĴ
۾ﶼðŻ, ȴ죺ÿ¶˸Ǯġ
ܲܲҪپᵽǿϣûŽôأ˵ĺҶıһ
лԾĻûᵽ, ֺõЦÿ½˸ҴǮ, Ǯɶ㼸ֵܶġû˵Ծֻˡ
лԾðǣΧѾ˽Ĵˡ
զ°զͻȻ׵Сӽ鶼𣿡
û˵ÿ¶Ǯͷ˼Ұɣ
￴Ŷʮ˰ɣܻϣţư
Ծĸģòĸ
Ҳǣܱ߼Ӷù˵ˣͷУ˵ˣ
ܹ˭СӵĵܵڹǸС쵼˵ģǱߵӹģˣǱ߾ȻɴﻹûµӶˣųԴӣ͵淢ȼ
ʱˣǱҪղʳˣȼҲһʱ̾ɲҪˣ
һ㣬ԼҲĳ档Ӳڼ˰꣡

лԾΧ˵ɫ׽
ԴӰѹ֮ͻϴӲԼǴĶˡ
磬ߵһҡͷĴڡ
лԾڴﳤʮ꣬ľǴһƬһƬȢϱϹϹСǴЩ껹˼ܻǮҵţĴﲻϧŮ˼Ҳ˿ڲԸŮ˵
Ͳˣ˼ԽԽ٣ûмŮԸ޹ǻԸҪŮŮɽ϶ˮﶪ
һ϶ûмŮӡ

ǹԶ磬Ȼ࣬ʵʵµظɻûǰЩźüͿԾȼӡ
ȼȼŸģǾһָžȼĻҲ
лԾ΢µʱˣҪӣ͵ߡ
СϽȥԼҹ飬ͲѧѣͶڴ͵ûþͽнʦˣʦԾ͸ѧѡ
лԾ˽ѧУֽûУСľڵдͿűСҸɻǦͷֽҲǼı˲Ҫģˮմʪˣɹ̫ɹּֽģд
лԾѧϵļѣСѧҵʦһ
лԾ֪ԼСƨûУԼҴӾǸӣߣ
лԾӲͷƤȥУ֮һܽʱ򻹲ţСгӼ͵ȥСг
ļҲιģ˳ԺȾӣƨ¶ܡ
лԾ˼ɽȥҰժҰļǮܱˣôһһֵѧѡ
ĿİͰ͵Ķ˳бҵлԾû϶ˡ
֪ѾǵͷٶȥѪˡ
лԾһسĹˣһȦǽ˷ɻ
ԴлԾ֮Ҳûȥ
ﲻ֪˭˵ģ֪Ϣˣ
лԾ̫ܽԼǸʲôԣÿ¸Ǯÿ´ȥ
ƽµĹڣлԾãȵԼӪһ£ͺˡ
ʱȫѼӰ죬Ҳùһ
ȢӢлԾƻеһ
ûзַӣÿ»ŷӡȢӢȥסӢҡȾʡⷿĿ
ӢйʱһǮܹȥ
˭ôãͱ˸ֲ
ȻкһֱӴ͵ܵɱˣ
Ȼֻˣ
лԾΧ˵ۣ޲Ҹضȥ
ӢглԾô£
лԾϽͣӢ˵Ĳ֪ǽϾͻȥ˵ģҿ϶ã㷳ġ
ӢըˣƭңлԾƭң֮ǰ˵㲻ƭҵģ
лԾûƭ㰡ӢӣҼҸ˵ģⲻǽ˲𣿡
ӢöĶã²ҲסͷȴˣЩǿ϶ҲҪ޵ĺõķϲῴ
أĴӾȻһЦ
ӢţҲˣҲˣ
лԾһͷＸ۰ͰվţΧݲ˵ˣķԱͬǶ̽ͷţʱʱۼ䡣Ѿ˱ӣʲôʱ򣬶ϯ׵ݵ˸һǺġ
лԾýֺͷ붼֪Щ˻ô
壬ûģǡ
ӢӢẰޣԱߵݶŮģʱҲǣҲǣȰȰ
զȰҪзݣٻȰһ£ϾѾ֤ʱ˵޻ʲôãܲɣ
ŮݣȰ˵ԵòԼվһߡ
ȥȰֻӢɩ
ӢɩӢᣬɷ˵ľͰϰ
Ӣ绥һۣеϡ
ϣĻ顣
ץлԾҪʣлԾǲǹ˵ѿģ
лԾпࣺ˸磬Ķ֪
ⳡ棬Ǹˣ
ģߣ㵹ǰƭһȺģǲҪסһ𣿡
лԾĶܰϾͻȥˣ
лԾͲַģϵǹߵģϾͰǻȥ
Ծǲȥˡ㲻֪ۼҵķҲûˣǻزȥ
лԾ߽ʾ֭Ҫ˼Ǳﵹ
лԾ½жȥϽϣۼҵķӴϾͲզãʱǽбҵģһֱæûϹܣǰЩ꣬ͽгˡ
ʲôæûϹܣŲܣ
лԾһѪ
©ƫ꣡
۾лԾô˵ǼӢӵɲҵҲͼɾû¶ˣҪǸ˵
Ӣ仰޵ĸˡ
лԾм䣬һǵܵܣڲ˵е軹һˮ
һǽҪ˵ľ˸磬ԷһĴֻ»Ҫơ
лԾͷ
ͼ²ÿˣһӵˣлԾ쵼±Ҫܡ
ܹܸƨ
Ŷʡ͵ĵƣ²ţ˵ʲôҪˡ
ߣͷ˵
ˣлԾм䣬Ƶֱ϶ס
϶£ԾҪ˵Сý飬ûģ˵ˣӢӺôҲǸʽأ
İãҪ϶˱ϼơ
ӢʽĶʽû
ǰҪܸŹ϶ȽɩӰɣ
лԾֻԼһӶûһ쾪Ķǡ
˵ɶӢû


76 
еѾ, žװԼƭˡ
϶ˡ
ԴӢлԾȳ֤ƣ;ʮþˣﲻͣϴԼ, Ӣʽ, ȵůƿˡ
ǼֵܻѹůƿĻ߸ӢӢȥлԾǰĻԡ
һȥӢڼǰҲ治ɫ˵һЩůƿСȤˡлԾȷʵܣϾѵ, Ķܿȫҳƭ
϶ĻǺлԾġ
˶ˡ
Ӣ˵⵽ô£
, ͬʱص, ǰͷӢҲôлԾġ
˪æ˾ϯǰӦȥ˲˵ķԱ֣ڱϳԹϡ˪Ҳ˺վűߡ
ͷ, ӢӸտʼĻұƹˤ
ʲôҲѹ˰ˡ㹤ͦãѵң˵ˡ
ӢһӦ㲻˵ҪһֱҺûйɶ, ҪҺãͲӦÿЩڵ
ˣ
ͺܺ
ĵϱû, Ͽ˿
ЩȰӢ, ӢϾûɹô, ҪлԾ֤֮ǰŵİҹ˯šϱЩϴԡ
͸϶˵˵ԼһӢҲ֪Ϊɶ, ȻİϱЩġ
ɩ˵ĶԣҪ, ĶںЩӰˣûлԾأ
ӢԼȻû, ϳĹ, лԾӺöˣ
ǸԼôܼƽһССƭ
ӢӦ̬˲͸лԾһѵݡ
лԾ˶ը, ӦýԼĻԼ
Ҫ˵ںҪûʦ㿴ܲܿң
ڱסʱҪڲԵģлԾ˲Ϳʼˡ
ԼС໰ȫ˳ǵĵģɾӡ
СÿһȵģƴȫƵġ
ڽϣǵһδġ
ӢȻƭ
ʲôʽҪ˵ûͲӴ
лԾķӦǽӢܲ⡣
ӢҲлԾ㲻ۿԼǳĺÿǱ´󣿲ǸСӣҶûһ㻹ң񶼲Ҫ㣬컹䷢˵ҺãھͷǲǸˣ
лԾؾԸ໰

ϯ˶ˡ
Եһ룬ʮ˴ͲӸֳ̡棬ǻһӶû
ƫƫʱҼֵܲ˽˸ǰһվӢ˲ֱ˲١
лԾҸ㣡Ѿ֤žƾ˦ңҲƭ£ǳƽˣϽŪȥ
ӢѾǲںΧôˡѾɲٶ˺ô
ǽ֤ѾˣлԾŷң
ҼֵҲǻ
ǣǲ׷ˣһ˺˼ƽûҵľոˣ
лԾʱᵽʲôѹˡ
⼸ֵܰˣҪί
лԾЦǵƭҵһΣеڶΣǰ˵Ӣйƭҵģ϶ٲ˻бҰɣ
лԾӲǰûķ룬һ룬ôϸţֻ»顣
лԾܴӦŹ֣
Ҳܣƭ飬ҪȥЧ
лԾ˼飬Ȼȱ֪Ķࡣ
֪ģЩᳫŮȨʱ˵ΪƭɵĻȥ֤ȡġ
лԾھ;ԼңûӢͲ񣬵ӢϿǻ˲ˡ
˪ڵʱ򶢵ýÿθӢĶҪԼǮƱģ֧١
ϰ̫̫֮ûҪҪȵġ˵ĶǼ˿ˣ±ȥͣɾǲɣ˴Ǯ
лԾǺԥͰȱڸϵġ
һȥЩǮҲˡ
лԾÿûţ
Ҳͷһ̸û飬ֱһԼط̬ӢϹЩӵġ
ʱҲգ;үƽ˪һȻǲС΢͹ƾҵš
˵ЩˣǱӢƭˡ
Ҽֵܻû뵽ȻлЧ˵
־ŭѹǳǵ룡
ǱľֻҪ֤лԾٲҪűˡӢҲУǸƻ޸ҪҲû
˭֪лԾȻôݣ
֪Ҫȥ飡
˲ûЧʲô˼ֱҪ飡
ӢѾҲɲϡҼֵҪлԾ
лԾֵҲһ˾򿪣ƹƹҵ˲
˪ŲУȥȰ˸˺ѿ
϶ϲɾĸ
˪һȥһ衣
Ҫȥ򣬱ڷ֣򻵹ҵĶҪ⡣
лԾĨһ˪˵⡣
øл˪ղͽǼֵѹˣҪѹһҪѹûˡ
лԾ˺ѾҪôǾ͸һȥ飬ҪôȥЧ
һǸĲԸⶪ֣лԾҲƹˤˡ
ûǣѹûַӣסķġ
һʯǧˣֵᱻƭζˡ
ӢһɤӾлԾ˸˿
쵰Ȼƭң
лԾһצӣЦ粻˵磬ҲûǿĶ
ΧȺڣ
ˡ
ǳϲԣߵ͵һ䡣
еƭŮзӣŮƭей
üһ˿У
զ찡Ҫˡ
զ죬ˡŰɡ
ǣǹ⿴ˣǽԵĶզ㣿ǽԼǮɣ
ϣǴ˶ûأ˿ˡǮҿ϶ɡֲͷƭģ˵ˣһһëǮء
ǣҪȻǽзԱϲˣҴɴ˸ˮ
ҲǣҸղ˸װˮķס
ɲУҾǿİǶװҳɶ
ɵ㲦Ȼ붵߰˾͸꼸ëǮͷ롣
˵ĲǸϽİɡ

Ա
ҵһݶ߲ˣԱᣬѾˣǲҶ˰
ҪԺ䲻Ǯ˭ģ
ݵԱսսȥ˪
˪£ͻ˵ճϰɣ˼
ǮյģõҲлԾ棬ǸϽЩɢΪá
ˣЩ˾ҪﲻߡͷѷĶ˾ͺѰ졣
˪ѲȥװҲǱ˭̣͵øǮ
ԱҵĹǣ̾ȥˡ
˪ѾЩ˵Ĳˣͺܸӡ
лԾȻչʵǳԤ롣
ΪлԾƭŮ꣬Ȼ߶ƭ
˺ܿͶ˲˸ɢȥ˪ȥʱѾ뾻ز˺ûʣһ㡣
ǶˣҺлԾһһڶš
˪Ҳǣ÷ԱʧʰӡʧǮ϶ҲлԾϣ뵽ʱҲ𣬷ڲдڲɹķݶ˼ȫϡ
ҵ˿Լҵݶˣ֮ǰЩ˸кЩѹǽߵģҼֵơ
ƵǣлԾ֪ǲѾҪ飬ɴͲӣһĴ̼Ӣ
˵ԼѹǸ֤ûУ˵Լǳʦƭ˵ġеĲ˶ǴģǹܸжգǰӢԵνĲˣȫǱģ
Ĵݼ䶼ζУƭǣƣ
һ˼ſ޵ĲѵӢˡ
лԾҲ˼ƣ
ڵĵ߰ɡ
˶ˣզ죿лԾѵԼס
˪ʰ˵ȫŪ֮󣬲һࡣ
ҲڵˣлԾľ絽ϵʱ䣬˵ҲÿʱȫлԾһǺϴˢͺ鷳˪ϵĲ϶ûԤ
ɴͻ˼ҡ
ӣ̫ͷų˷һһ䣬̫ǸǺͰ˷˿
Ѿһ磬ЩƫϣԵʱҲһЩгɸǶβ೤¹죬ٳһ׽˪Լģ̫ʱͼʡ¾Ͳűĵϣֻһ֣ζҲܷḻ
˷˿ǰӣ˼ˣ˿Լ̶ۣϸϸķ˿ԲһЩŰ˳ҲǾӨ͸žͺʳ
ӣͷԲˣȴŸɽȥҰ
ӶùɽϵҰöôץˡǰ컹Թţ˵ԼѾûԵˡ
Щ㣬Ҳôȥץɽϻε˶ˣһ˿ǸҲס
Ƽ˪ξͻӣЩƣô磿
˪ѷ귢ӣӣġ
֪ҽҲȥˡ
ӣǱԹϵȤˣ˭һ񣬾Ȼ
˪лԾҪ顣
лԾǲƭǲܸԼƻƫ롣
ӢһӶҪ˵û˭š
ӣһһ²˵ҽֵֻܳ𣿡
˪԰ôˣ
ӣʱԺҵԾ˵ĻʹңǻҪ˵ᣬԾֻһ죬˵׽ƼƼ£żҾ
ӣԼ֪Ϣ˵˪
˪ЩԾȥˣ
ȣʵԴǰЩ͵ĻŪ˳ʳ֮ҲûκϢ
էȻѾ˰꣬˪Щš
ӣҲ˵ģ˵ôô󣬾ȻҶʳ
ʳǸն˿ͳ¶סڳģҲ˺ü¶и֪˼Ҷɵģ֪׬Ǯ
ǶԵ΢ģ֪۸ߡ
أӣｲˣʡǱҲһЩѣҪǽĶˮ굼˴ΧĲ½
Ȼ꣬ʱͰߵƽˡ
˪ȷǣľң
ӣ룺еɣ֮ǰûڻ룬ƼƼʱȷʵ˵޵˼Ҿĸֵһõ˼ңҲ
ôһ˵˪֪˾Ųʮˡ
סϣĸֵܣһãֶ˿ڲ࣬غϵĸ㡣
ӣлԾˣȻҿץҪôġ
ٲ£Ҳ֪ǣȥҽȥһ̫̫һˣʣЩ϶ҲҪˡ
ôһ˳־ͺˡ붢һлԾѪ˭֪лԾȻİҪɢ
ӣҲ̾лԾʵҲˡ
˭ô¾ģǻϣߴ·һ֡ǰ߿Ҳ·ת̬һȷʵǱноǣŮͶĳûɱ˲ôľֿ
ܷûɱֱֹ̫١
˵һͨлԾӣת˪Ԥ
óһСӣȥǻȱĶ궼Ҫðϣ
СѾдһʲô棬
˪˵⼸ǲҪʼˣ
԰Ҳʱˣƻͺ涼ˡ
ӣ²ǴǲҪ棿
˪ͷ궼Ǿ¾ܿʼⲻǸϵ򲻺ãӦþˣҶһЩ
ӣҪҸ⣡
˪Ӧȥɽϵɽңʱӵʽȥ
ӣ͵ͷ
ʮһ۵ͨˣȱǳվҪ漸ѵĹҲҪȼ
ʮֵ鷳ΪÿÿӵһһֱģֱʮвŰһЩӵ˶
ߴֲϵģ˭ǰʱ֣Ҳʱճأ
룬֪ҷҲۻˣǷѾæ꣬˼ž
˵ɶأĴӷǷûţҲǽֻԵ꿪ġ
ɲǣҶ˵ˣЩӻ֣˻˵ǽĳһЩȷʵֵľȲĴӣĴӶҪʳﲹȥģ
ǴӺãûš

ӣһǧεĸ̾Լá
ӵĹ԰Ҳӣƻֵÿһиһƻ
ִƻҲǴ֭ˮḻ
ӣóˣҲǴ֮ŷ֣ʱǲȱ˵ģҲôȱΨһȱľˮ
ԺĿˮ̯ڵˮ̫ˡƾƱӦܳϵҲû١ũǳԱֵģȥҲǼ
ߴƻӣкɽмӣٶģ˭ԺмѣĳҺһʯ
ӣǸ˻ģǻһˣ˻ѵģӳľ죬˪˵ûӣҪһŲܳԡҲֻǽ˪һһǵķȵܲܺѾơ
ӣޱȵĻ㽶ۡ
ϧⱲӻҪȺܾòܳˡ
ʱ䵽ʮµףվҲɿˡ
˪͸ӣȥһ˳￴¶¶˲٣ӻͦšֻǰԭ¶Ǳ¶ǡ
¶˪кʲôȥ֮øɶɶ껹һˣŪ
˵ľǵˡ
¶ǰȱʱͲôǼ߶һֱȵڡʵվȱ³ĺҲץĺϣǰץ˶ͷߣǰЩץ˾ֱӹˡ
ò˵иһҲУһʳģͶǧ
Ӳν
ҲùֱײڿϣⱲӶѳˡ
¶ν˪ĶͶǱˣ㣬ͶٸͶ٣ɽҰɽңӵҶҪ
ﶼſˣٲҪԵõĲ
˪Ӧˣ͸¶˲ٶžѾ˺ܾá
¶Ĵˮתָ˪˵Ʊ
˪Ҳ¡
ӣƱʵһֱǲģԹʵģ϶ûбµطֵʳࡣ
ȥһ˳ٻشѾϡ
ջصңš

ǲʲôӣܲȥϱӡ
극˵ۣҲ֪ôˡ


77 
ϰ˻֮, ԾԼҪжˣ·ǰصͷѸ޸֮ҲٳȥϹ, ʹԼǰڼ
ӣԼʱ˵, йѸﺢ˭⡭
ӣ򣿡
ӣعõģȥ
ٲϲҲȥ
˪ξûˣ˻Ҳسһź, ӣҪź, ˪ڼź
ӣȥ, ķѸ
ѸŶӲӣ
ûëʲô
ӣ˵ۡ
ѸѾˣ
ӣֶ̯
޿κΣȥȰԼϱ㻳֮һֱ˿Ǵ֮ǰ˵Ǹʲô, , ɲУһʲôأ
ҲµĹ, Դ֮, Ѿ˲, 𻨾ںϷ
ݵҲӸտʼĽչʲôҪҽԱͳŴ, ĺ⣬Щ⽨Ŷпѧ͵İ
ԴѸ, ͸˴ǲǮջʱֲ, ġ
ӣ, ǿѸĲ, Ǵӣһµ̬
ѸȻǹⷬ⣺ҲҺúõĸ￴ϽȥɣǮջϵã˭֪᲻Ầң
ӣһ̫ˡ
˵Ǯջ㿴δػĶʲô
ȴɣﵹǾѸ˵ֶԡ
ӣǴΨһĴ򰡣һ˭ӣվտûЩӵԱԼҴӿģӣ𣿲ѵҪѸسȥ飿
ӣӾ֪˵ַˣ棬ⱲĻϱĻǲǮջĻ
ӣǺһЦɷ˵ҪǮѣë
ɲǰһ˵ģǻ˱˼ңһûϲҲˣģҪǮϧ
˲ˣأ
ʱ۵ĲУӣưɡ
ëǮأëǿ
ѸʱˣҪǻܾ񲻽ɣɽӣ
ֱģ½ӣѳȱһ¡
ʱ˶ˣѸĺһ衣
ӣ̧ͷѸЦĿ
ѸŰһļݸڴϵѸȻ˵ӣ㿴㣬С˲ǣ˼ӣõˣĶܾΪ˾ջͶԴءˣ˼ҴѸ
Ѹе޴룬ŵĲС
ŵȵסڿλþͽӣ
ӣúø⺢ӿ֮ǰҲ˸Ǹкûҽ֣ﻹǲĵġ
ӣ۴֮ǰ϶ûкú˵ٴˣŮⲻ˵׼ģ˿Ҳһ˭˵׼к
ѸŷɿĿһ˵ңˣûĻЩ
ӣ˵üͷѾӣҪѸȴһ
ӣղ˵ʲô˼
ӣʲôʲô˼
Ȼǵ˶ϺˣҲ˵ʲôҵĻֻǷ߷ʵ˵Ů˵׼
ӣȻ˵׼Ů£ϳȥBȻ˭ܸ˵׼
ĲУк
ӣ˵˲㣡
ӣҲһӸŪˣҩҪߡ
Ůǿ˵ģŮʲô£˵ˣŮôҪΪ˸ôķģԺδҲӴĸ
ӣ⻰˵Ѿǲʵϣˡ
˼ֱҪŮ̳ԼĹ

ӣǻǵ̫˵ģѸĺأ
ëǮӣҩ䣺㶮ʲô
뱲ӣûи˶ĵġҲӣѿˣǮҲ˵ӣ
Ѹڱϣ͸¶һ㾫⡣
Ǻǣ֪ľǶӣȻأһԷ̾͸ӣ
ѸҲǶʮֵĳݣ־ľŶӣСںżĲˡ
ӣô
ǿ϶ǲеġ
ӣЦƳһѸĶӣŵĶŲ£Ӧ¡ҪСտ𲻵ʱ
˵ӣˣһؼž
Ǻö˶·ϣͻȻ˶ͷһƣ˶ˡ
ѸҲɵۡ
ûôµģ
һ£զֱӽҵף
ӣˣѸԼһ£ŷӦ
ɤžͿʼޡ
үһˣ
ǴԩҰ
죬ҸɣҲˣ

ҵļɹӣںûѸ˵ʲôģϾ˼Ҽ¡һģë˵ëûëߡ
˭ϱأ
ΪѸ̥Ⱑ
ӣһ֪Ϊɶ飬ǶǱ´öֲ࣬˫̥·ݶԲϡ
ϲӣֻܿҪεģܿ
ûѸôȻԼ֪⣬±˿
ӣҡͷؼңǲôûȵģֻ࣬ҲѺ¡
Ȼӣ֮ѸÿӶεġ
ûʳڣѸǶ䷢ģǿѡ
ӣǿҹúãǹ˵ģң
ӰҲסѸһͣѸǿ֣ŸֱӷŻˡ
ҪʵڻɣǾȥسҴ򿴣ҿ˵ˣӵ·û⣬ҲҪˣûƽױĵҰѴӵŮЩȻѵ㣬Դǰ˵Сæ˭֪ģҪһѸǿֶԴӺãҲɿڽ޸ģҾԲǶõһŮӰļ޶ϲġӰˡ
һ⣬̾Ͷҡˡ
Ͻؿڱ֤ģҾûлɴӵ˼
ǲȥˣϱúõģʲôҽӣȻ˽ۼˣ
ѸţþͺãǸǰޣջǴ̫֮ǰ˵ѾѾҲŮǸԿŽӹ˭֪ͽоջǺˣⶼ㵱ûջ˵õԭ򰡣Ǵǣ
˵ĶԣҵĴӣӻ۲ۣ۵ĻҾȥڴҸ
ѸϽˣǶĻš
Ȼղź˴뼦ˮҲ˰
ȥۼİûˣȥĥ
ˣѸ˿ŵֽŵҸղĶҪˣ˵ӣ᲻ᡭ
Ѹ̽ضĻͷʲôأġӣǴ㿴ɶʱѱ˵Ĳ֢˵ˣҲǽԼģˣɩӵĶϱ
̫Ѹ͹һʯͷ»ؿɱǰ˵ɶˣѾͷŸһԸ񶼸Ӳ
ѸǸûСϱץŵ˵¡
ѸﰵǽƫͺӣЩɶΪ㰡֮ǰ̫ѹˣǴӺͱĴ㶼ˣôõмзӵģǰ滹Ѿͷմ
ֻҪ㲻˵Ҳ˵˭֪ĺӲأ
ǾдӶ׽㣬ǱҲİɣͷҪ㶫ǸҲǸĸϻ϶ûᡣǰѺ󣬵ʱﻹ˵㣿
Ѹ˵кɣɺبеΣȴûȥҪǡҶﺢӲǸզ죿
ҪӣǱȻ˵ҪҲǶӡ
ѸԼŮޣ͸Ǯջһ
Ѹ˵ģﶼ㰲źˡ궬ҽ淹סҲˡ·ݲ࣬ʱһҾͲһޡ
ѸģСÿ϶ԣ˺ü̥˰ɣҼǵøޣ
Ѹ˵ҲɣŮ޳ȥ֮ͲͣΪɶûżǱˣΪ
ͷһٶʮģúðѺʱ˵
ѸŶⱲһȦϾǰϱˣզ죿
˴дĺôԼǮȵġ
˵ˣԼǴ˵ģʱŮͶϱޣҲ׼ġ
ϱ֪Ұ֣Լ
ߺߣ͵͵ˣ˭Ҳ֪


78 
ӣؼ, հҩ˪ͽˣӣ̫˳Ͻȥôôͻ
ӣ˵, ˪ǣ´Ͳȥˣ
ӣЦˣôһأڡ
һһԼδ֪ŮĺӶô, һ仰ʡ˵ˣСѿǮջּҵĶٿ飬϶˴ʮ, ׵, ˵, ʶһ䡣˵ģСѾһûסֻһۡ
ӣúģôҲŮ, ˲㻵, ôεġ
Լң˪Ҳûɻ, ֱӱӣһӷħ, Ҳʹ
˪ϾǴӵ˶ָָ, Цûӡ۴Ѹһ˭Һ˭ңһûӣ
Ǵӹܵõ, ͵ֻ̫ҪԼӲ, ŮҲû˸Фļҵס
ӣҿ, ;һӺܸĸӰ졣Ƣ, ǴСͱѹ, ֲôֶ顣ΪԸԱ˲Ÿ±Цڴĵ·ԽԽԶ
˪ԣ
ӣ죺ԡҾӳС
̫ϣ˽ȱʧ⡣Ҫ֪ٹ꣬Ҫ췭ظı仯ˣٲ飬ǲ߳ɽ
˪·һ㶼⣺ô죿Ǵ£Ҳûѧİɣӳǲͬ⡣
ӣһİ취ǴҲܴӼ¡
⣬ӣûôˡ
˪ǡö˳źû⣬ֻͻ㹽ͻһ
Ȼζһá֭ǲɫģ㹽ʺźŴ࣬һҧȥ˿
źڱúܲ˿ڣһ㱡Ƥӵơһڱһʿڲ˵ůĽθڴ󿪡
ӣóֽʿʼƻ
ûȼ죬ӣˣȥиὨ顣
иЩĿӣһۣ֮ǰӣţӣԸԸһӵСɲŮκͻƶԣʱŮοţӻҲʹˡӣʱ򼸺ûԥ;ֻܾ˵ԼŴͺܺá
ôվˣ
ӣ֪иʣ϶Ҫش
ȻԼɱҲܸɣ£ܳһʮԸġ
鶼һ£
ӣӳǴӽĸ֪أԺ϶ࡣô֪࣬ƽʱµҲһ㣬Ҿãǲ͸һСѧղҸζԹˣǴ굽ʮһ֮ĺʮѧֻвʮҲأСѧҲҪ󣬵빫̫ԶֲȥСѧҾǾһСѧΧСҲܾͽ͵
иЩԥǴҲûеطܰСѧҪָǷӣǾҪǮ
ǰҪľǮһСѧõשΰʣټһЩ֧ôܸ
ҡ
иҲõʱջر
ҶڹѧСһѧڵѧǮСǮڴҶĶ࣬һ˵߸Сȫȥѧûмܿס
ӣû˵𻨾˵ˣӳҲֱӾ;ܾ߲ϣҾͺѰˡ
Ҳǽ˸Ů֪֮ŮεĹиŮͯȨ汣ùעͯѧ⡣
£ӣһᣬͺӻԾҪи
иüӽճҲˣҪǣҲɣ
ȹһ򲻺õݣĶǮȥСѧ
𻨺ܲ⣬ߺ˵ٵȼ꣬ǴǵȲˡ
иֻ̯֣ûǮɶ취
ӣóһֽи
ʵҲһеģտʼѧ϶ûô࣬Ǵ϶ʮѾǿˡ
ʮѧҲýӣ֪ķӣռ󣬶ҿյķܶࡣ濪һɶʮѧΰʾ͸ðˣҪ˴ӾʣʮС߸ʾ͹ˣٵĿѧӼӡ
ڰˢ۱Ĳ鱾ѧԼ
ôţԺѧˣ˵⽨ӵ¡
ôѧҲúܹһѧһͿˡʦ֪ǵΣѧٵʱǰϿΰϹѧԺˣʦתȫְ
ӣ˼൱򵥴ֱҪⲻǺòãûС
ٺŪСѧٲãҲǸѧУ
¹ܱģֻҪʦܽ̿ΣǾȰѼӴڱģǾԺ˵
иĶӣּһ
Ǵ죬ԱǾҪˡ
иһ㶣ɲǼӣ˼
ѧ£ŵߴӣϵҲضá
ӶǵùԼҹ̫ԶҹֵֽЩԼҹ飬ͺ鷳
ӣ˵ûСѧ£ӳʱ˵һ齨ַѡм䣬Ҳ㺢ѧ
ȥټֵĻ̻̣ӳǶ
ھ΢ȵЩˣСѧ֪̣ǣԵ⡣иԽԽúá
СѧԼҴӣǮɶЩЩ֪Ҳ˰š
մء
ҪǵȵԺĴȽˣûԼҵĺôˣ
и֣ǵ롣
Խ룬ԽӣĽʵá
˵֪޵ķӼª
Ѿˣǽ޵أ϶˼סĻû֪ķӺأ
˵̫ףûˣ
ɶֻҪϵģĸСڼҸɵɶػ
˵Ǯ
һǮѾǺܱˣȹǮˣ㶼ѵָӷǮ

иİ壺֧ͻƣǼϸڡ
ܳɣкܶҪǵĵط綬żô죿֪ѡ˭ѡ˭ʦĴô
ӣ׳һ룬ܿ͵õ˴ҵϿɺӦ
иͣĳûȫͻ㱨磬Ҳ鿴ŵĿ£ͬ⡣
ֻҪй粦СҲʲô¡
иѸٵİϢԱǡ
ǳϣȻ󲿷ֵ˶ġ
һѧֻҪһĻҾûǿԵġ
ҾǼĸſˡ
ɶСأ˼ҲҪȰѴȥʱ˵С¡
ҼǸѾͷƬӣ˰ɣ
ɵ㣬ɶͣϵҲǺõģ㿴ӣܵءҶ˵ˣڵԱҪС
ɲǣ꣬ϵֶ࣬Ҳżҡ
Աǵۻ˵Ǻͺģ󲿷˶鲻¡
֪Ǳߣվͺܲһˡ
ÿ֪඼е㶯ġ
鰡ڳҲѵõĺùˡ
ͷֵĻ󲿷ֶѧ֡Сѧٵġ
̽С֣ҲۻϹɸɾġ
֪ӳĴˣ¹֪Ů֪࣬ԾԾԡ
ҲΪ˴СѧʦְλиһϢ
깫ϸ˵ߴҪиϱһȥũѧˡ
иȥӣѧϸбҵûͱ֣ӣͻصĳɷ֣ӣҲӲĺܡ
˵ֻҪӣӦиֱӰȥ
ӣǶ˵;ܾˡ
иЩϧȴҲûȰ翴ˣӣѾͷ˻֮ԽԽˡǲıԼ뷨
Կճͳһڴһƻ
ǿԸ֪ģҪ˵һҪԱ
ĽĸҪũѧܺãСѧʦҲ
ҪȴҲ֪Լĸѡ
СѧʦҪ֪ʶˮƽȻԼԣ֪棬ĻˮƽǶ⡣Ƕбҵ֪Ǹбҵüأһ˵ѧУʱ򾭳дµģʱҲӻԾĸͶ塣
ʤ㲻
ũѧ͸˵ˣ֪ԼѾǲá
ҪӸɲһͶƱģƫѾ𻨣ĳŴӣĹϵҲá
нڣԴϴʱӣڼ޷л˶԰ķߺģ۶һˡ
ڿסƼҵģᷳ½ڸϻ˵Լʲôǡ
ôһ㣬ԼȡƱҲٵĿ
еҧָף۾ת
֮ʱ䣬ǿģ˺֣˲١ЩչѾչϵĹϵˣͲһȷϵ
·ÿ϶ǹũѧи²سǣҲĹҸĹҷ롣
СѧʦҲֶץһũѧȥˣٻи׵ġ
㣬һŤȥ̡
̵û˼иСܣ˭Ҳûиߣڽơ
ţ
û˵䣬ͳ˴ѧСѧʦϡ
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ɬѻͷݸ̡
ȴüͷ˵֪࣬ôأǽũģµصȻ࣬Ϊ࣬ǲŸҪԣ಻࣬볤壬۲ۣǰ̫ƽ£Ѿܺˡܳ࣬ȥﶼܡ
ԽԽ̣˵Ĵǽꡣ
ʲô۶ĥ浱ĥ岻ʱȥôúõĹ㣿
ȫ£ֻӲġ
ᱻ˵һͨҪǮȥ·Ļû˵ڡ
ԼҪ˵ڣһֱ߶߶߶߶ӡ
ˣžͿ·ȥϴ
Ͻȥ֪࣬ҪҰæ𣿡
ָϣܵ취ѽ
ڿҲûá
ŽСһ£֪࣬л˵
˲ϱˣһһɣ
֪ûǮҲ֪иѧá
ѧʱ򣬽ڱĿĿܿʮ֣ΨѧÿζǸ߷֡
нڸѧľңѧеϣ
ƫƫأǷѧһͿΨһϣڽˡ
ڸûһԼߡƾ˵һûǲɿڡ
ڲԣڣôҲ벻ȻˣҾܾôСۣ
Цһ˵ô㲻Ҹ˲ңҪںúõģ϶˵ֻҵ硭װʲôװ
һαôӣЩգ˵ѵʵ㲻ΪҲһű𣿲ȻΪʲôԸҲϰǻģڣͲѧѧ̣ػһʲôҪƽϣ
ῴһû˵̣ΪʲôϣڸôȥԵԼ
ʱ佭ڲ֪ô£ȻˡֻͰˡ
˶һžûͷ
Ǳ˵ˣͷһԲϽ˵ڣҰɣģֻҪˡֻܰҡ
ãڲͻȻӦƵ˵һ䣺ȹɣҶ˵ʱ˵
⣬֪ڽϴûʧֹ
Ǿллˡ
תˣһöӦнˡ
ⲻ֪ߺ󣬽ڱ¶һڽЦݡ
ϹڴСһʱ䣬СԤǵȵ괺Ͽʼ񶬾ҪʦѡԱ˵֪лڵʮһ¡
뵽ʮһ£ࡣҲ˹ǰ׼׶Ρ
ĥɲˣɱ⣬ɽҰ
һȫ¡
ȥӣǸմŽһ׼æҡкܶ࣬˵ӣ˪˺üسǣǰҪĶðȫˡ
죬иҹ
ʲôҲһ̨
иͷƻ۸һЩҾãǼ֣һϻӣڻͷҿῪˣҲ
ӣȻ⣬̫ǰԼҵϻӵȥԣܣǰ㶼⣬°ϻӸŪˡ
ҪǴһ͸պãҲ춼ˡ
ӣûʲôسҵϻӸǿۣʮɹһ̨װϻӡ
ϸһ˵ѾϡˣǴӵģ֮ÿһ˵ģ
ϲһֱֱҪﵽ˶塣
ҵүôİôôʣ


79 
Ǯջü, վڼͷǰ棬Χ˴˷һһէ
ɲǴôŵжٽˡ
Թ, ջ̫ܸ˰
զι, һιôأ
Ҽҽֵܶˣ
ֹŵñȥһ
ðǷ⣡
أӳ˵ˣֻȥһֻˡ
զְ۴ӻɱ, ɱǲǲһ
İɣˣϽ⼸ֻж, ٺ, ҵȻȥ⣡

ӣ죬ֻȻĿ죬˺Ѿƽ̨ڣôιȪˮȥ, Ҳһʮ
Ǯջ, ȪˮõһЩȴ׳, ٶǶٶס
ӣϸ, Ȫˮǽбֽ, þάƽ⡣ȴԽԽãȻǲԸˡٶ, Ƕ˵ôҲ㲻ϽˣûǮջ⼸ֻ, ·ڵ
˵, Ǯջÿ춼첻ʳ, ԼҳԷһЩÿ컹ɽȥ, һ¨ر
֮ǰ˵ֺԤúι£Ҳ²֮ǰǮջȥ˺ιġ
ĵչȻԽԽá
Ǯջվе㲻ľȥʡֻһ·Ǯջй飬˵ͷͷǵ
иҲһǵԼϴȥѾĺܺãһ߰ʮô¹ȥȻٳ
ջĺð
иˣǷֵܶˡ
ֵΧֱվ˵ˡ
һȺ׻ԼСԼһ·ϳӻˣе
˭ϽǴӵϳưɣŷأ
СһʱҲˣ룡
վԼȻҲٽϣһһԱ϶ûվĿѧܶԱԼҶԲҲʲôϡǰЩѵ˼ҷֵ˵ιˣģм˵Ķ١
ϳһƣˡ
Ž
ٽˣ
ΧԱ˲궯һ۾ð̹⡣
Ǵϵһμ϶ǲܺǰĽ֮ٸǮǶĲ֣ÿи˼ˣǻǮǻ⡣
иͺܶҵ˼ƹҪļֻ֮󣬲͸ˡֵ˼ԼģֻһټʮһĶûС
Ǯջÿٽصһһʮ࣡
иһ˼ֱӾѼһ뻻Ǯһ⡣
ôһֵܷ͸ˡ
վһ㣬ֱӰֳһֻһ۳ɵͲһǮ㡣
ô˵ǴӽҪһͷˣ
̫ˣҴСˣҵٻȥ
ȵϣидεˣڷˣȷͷȵǰٷһͷһͷ򡣲ЩҪ˵ǰ桭
ǴӵǮջͬ־ģ֮ǰ˵Ǯջͬ־֡ǿǵʵںãǸǮջٶʮǮ
Ϊֻӣһӣ˭֪ǮջܰôáиùֶЩʡ
ý
ٸһȽӣ
и飬󲿷˶Ǿ˫޳ɡ
϶ģջĺãҲմѽ
ûô֡
ջأֵӦõġ
ǾǣҲĵĺܣøġ
ҶͬΨһ
ǣɶѵģιݣ
ңҲԡ
˵ϱ
ģҶڿǮջǮջܰʮǮ̬ͱˡ
ǰǮջûʱҲûιôܰãߣ϶Ϊ̺ã˶˵ˣ̱ĺã˳˳
Ϲèײӣ
ģȴ˸ˡ
ɶûѸҵûһʮһѱ̣˼Ҿĺã
ĳŻأ˼Ҷһˣǻ˼˵Ự
Ǯջţ˵ɫǺ졣˻ΧʶģһҲΧǸô
ǲʲôؾ
ؾûУǮջʵٹкܶĵá²˿ǰźǰĲС
ڲԶվţѸûиΧ֮еǮջ֪Ϊʲôܸоյ
ԴϰΪ˺Ӹһγͻ֮ҲûиǮջˡ
ڿǮջǰЩȴвɫĿݡպ˺üĽݡ
ݲԼ飬ܸоǮջԼԽԽԶˡ
ձңиŸǰȥ
ȷֵľǮջңǮջΪ׹֣һӾܷʮ⡣
˷廨⣬һoһˮѪʣµȫҪǰ⡣
ǰûȥӣȥĽֻܸŮصģ׼㣬ĸŮҳһʮԵ壡
ӣȻ٣˪ģֻҪȱĹ֣ǮûþҲֵӣ
̫ķֶӣҺһҲܷʮ
ӣŸðȣҪһ廨һ÷һһʣµҪμѪǡ
ȥ껹˵ӣӣҾͶǣû˳ۡ
Ц˼ӣиϹȻʲôʲô
ӣʱѾôˡ
ҪϹŹǣ֮ǰԺǽϹ٣˼ϹϡϹʱ죬ǻҲȱԣӣ˳ʣһֱûܡȵȥͷϹϴˡһϹϣʮüԼڻʽϹϡӣ;Ϲⶫ廨⳴Ҳһ㣬Źǲã
ǶһŹֱϹףǰϹϵŹǵǺܲĲˡ
ʵŹ۶֭ŹǣϹϣŴ˱ǣ
ŹǻҪһǴ׿ڣӣ˪Ū˸չͷƿ췬Ѷʱѽ֮ͷڹͷƿһֱܳԵꡣǴŹǾ÷ѽģŨѹǡ
μҪС⣬ȵʱ̹
Ҫ裬˪Ѿܺˣ¾ò

ӣ̵Ҫʲô˪ͷѾʼִ֮ǰˡ
˪ȥлԾʵ궬ӦûҪشӹ黹ȥǩһΣ
лԾڣԳĬһӦá
ӺܲùҪӢȻôףķҲˡ
߼л֮£лԾ״̬һһ
Ӣ飬Ҳǵʱ֪ԭӢһң֮ǰֿǼ
ɸлԾӼᶨҪͷ
ӱ¿ˡ
ɴ˿ɼִֶ
лԾҪ飬ӢǱԥ˼죬ĸҪ
ӢҪٿǮſ顣


80 
ٿ, лԾһˣأ
ٿһʽһĹˣ
ӢòɣرͻˣҪʮ, ҪٿǮ
лԾȻԸ, ȴҲ£˾ȥЧӢĻ±ͽƭĻϣжЧźأ
Ӣĸ˵һ䡣
ȥҪȥҾʹӢȥ⡣ǼһЩ, ûѣ㻹ƭûǰ͸סһ𡣡
Ҳ, ĲлԾƭ˵з, лԾȻǸжյģ
ԽԽò˳
ΪԼƭ飬ֵܼûȥϸϸлԾľֻ֪Ӣ˵Ƿʦ
ڳɹȻǶá֤ĳʦǼ, ġûůƿĵ繤ţĲ𣿼ֻҪʵʵȥ, ְĺôǺܴġůƿһһ¹ʮ
ʽĹˡ
лԾ, Ķľһ
ʦĺôͨ, ֻҪ˷쵼, ָ΢©͹һӹˡ
ӪлԾȥһ̺ô
Ȼ, Ҳǰ׳Ըɷġ
ʱӢ˵лԾڷи, ˪, ǿսĳʦ
;, ȵлԾϵˡȫ԰лԾӸǸʦŪߡ
ߺ, Ҳһ㶼ѡ
ĴԼϱȥ֣˵ǸӸԼϱͷϣлԾͷֻҪ쵼Ǹ˾͵ùꡣ
Ķð
Լϡ
лԾȻ֤ûУѹͲǸӣ
ĺڲѣ֪ͲӦýӢȥлԾͬס
ںˣӢ¹黹ô˵֪Ѿһλ顣һλŮˣҲҵʲô˼ˡ
ֻڣɴʨӴ󿪿ڡ
лԾҪаǮٿǮ
ıֱӿٵġ
ϵˣһûɲܸû־ֵһ
Ҫǣ
ٿǮ㹻Լڳġ
˵а׽ȥû£ʱͰԼϱȥϱûǣȥǱֻҼ˵İסϱȥڼųԡ
һ㶼ϱ·ϱҵƼƼأĶȥ
ſ֮ǰֶ˶٣̽̽лԾĵס
Ϳ٣ֻлԾҪܡ
ٿǮǲԲȽ깤ʰϵĹûسǸߣ˼Һü˶δ¡
˵أϱҲʱҲٶࡣ
лԾҲ컹һĸֵܸҲдǮӡ
ľ̽ٿ飬Ѱ˼ŵȵлԾǮˣҪ١
ٿ飡
㹻ϱȥˣ
ֵܺӢô죿
Ǻǣأ
ԼϱȥӢɹӢԼһվһϡҪǮ£ûֵ
ӢǰͬӵвлԾԼһ˵⡣
лԾǿţҸӢûɶ
һСӣȻ˶󣬵ﻹǾЩµõȵ»ҹӢ֮ǰסҲǷֿ˯ġ
֮Աǣ˵ûãֻҪӢȥ棬һһ׼˵ˣ˿סһˣкûʲô𣿡
ҲСûȥٱȻڣץˡǰͬӣ⻹ҸŮϵ
лԾʲôôȥٱӢҲժɾ
ģӢ˵ԼҪǱˣܱס
лԾ¾ǻصʶӢʱ򣬺ݺݸԼһͣ
ôһˣ
ĿлԾ޲ߣ˵úɣһڶûˡеʱƽϡ
лԾĿ׺ݣٿ飬Ժô죿
ɵӣڹŲ´Ь˺ޣôܲڣ
Ӣд˵˵֮ǰûһǰססģװס
лԾдǾȥҰɣҶ˹ǼҲһ֡
ĵȻԸ⣬ӦԵԼʹ˼Ҫռ߾ô
һֱȵ⼸죬ڶϴˣĵĿڷӦپӢд
лԾһɿһҲ
һֻжܷƣȥٿ飬һиӢҲ߰˰ˡ궬ͱٿǮծ
лԾתͷȥ
Եȵ˪ȥٵʱЦͬһʢϾջ
С찡㿴ǷһֱҲࡣҾöɹͽԾɣ
˪ƺԤϵû˵ʹӦˣԡ
Ĵ֣ͲùˣͿʼݼٰɣ
˪ҰѶ̺ˣǸǩǩ֣Ҫλ
˲ӣˡҶǮô˪Խ
Ҫ˵һֱĬлԾˣУҸǩ
Լ˷ˮҲû˵ˣаɡ
˪˵ȥæлԾǰһתӣʵʵĸ˪֡
˪ȥӣ˵¡
ӣһ£л֮ǰϰɡ
ӣҲã˲˲¡Ȼ鷳Ҳһֱġͷҹ·߶ʪЬ˸ʲôһҪд۵ġ
׿˹ϵķ£˪ڼĥôԵġ
ǴŹŹǶˣʣµϼӣСҲˡ
ȡμƣϻ飬úۺۼӼȣһ͹ը
ըõζһЩˡ
ӣ˸Сĳ⣬ϵһСִ֥ۣ࣬ģ۵ζҲģմһ£ֱռζ١
˪ըһ裬СⲻպŸɵԣ»ˣ˼ɡ
˪ըһСⶼƬ״ģȵԵʱ򣬾ͰСС潽һԼõ֭˳ְǼļҲӽȥһס
ϹִǾƣɰƬǣ֭ϵζԺġõС׷ϣ֭ȥƽƽʳ˼֡
ӣҪкҶͺˡ
˪ϲˣҹҸҶ⡣
ӣûŴװɣ
˪˻
ӣ໻㣬ܰԪ
ȥԪûԲӣź˺þá
˪ٻ㻨Ԫڡ
ǻڵԪҧһھȥ
ӣ̵ģлȣ
˪ʦҪȣʦ˵һֻʮСȡ˪ûؼҿɽӣĵĲˡ
ȣȻݲߣҲĻȣӣѾܾúܾûԹˣ
ӣһٰʮʳ׵ųԣޱڴĵ
ɽҰǷ⣬껹зַ¡
ǮջһСƬ˺ٺۡóɹɣǰһη۹
¶һѣ֪Ĵˮһ©©ۣ˰ķϡһСƬصķٶ
֪࣬࣬һҲܷһ࣬ȴǺܲˡ
ԼȥĻҪüëأ
ײԼҴӵķóԣøͷųԡٻ˼ҶԵĳŵ߲
˪ӣҲʮ־ģǸּһζϴμĶǰμĹȥĶЩԵһЩǺ·
̫Դ˷һһа춼ڷһǰš
ʱũУҲв˼·ǰԼҷ죬µĻЩȥϵĲ÷졣Ͳͬˣзһܶ˾Ŷ̫æ
̫ҲֺǺǵĸæܻһļһӾ͸ԣ˲١
·Ҳĺ˪ܵƤҲˣֱ̫ӰƤëƤƤͷһ㱡޻ǺʵĴֲ
˪һ¾˵ȵܲˡ
̫ȴܰģȾͶˣǱ߿أ˵ˣ¶ʮȣ͵ô㡣
˶˪ǰʼݡ
ȥǽ飬ȻߣʱҲࡣҪ˾ˣ˪׼񣬸ӣȥ˴̫ҡҹϵ˪Ҳ֪ǽճɲãԴһ⣬㡣
̫һɽ髣ӣһѸɸ
˪˼ûƹֻôϻȥ
׽ݻǽʱģ˪ӣ˸飬ӣһ¡
ȥ̼Ҽǵýʱ̼ҵŮ𣿡
ǹ÷ӣɻǵõġʱ̫ԼܣԷͲñǿ׿ˡ
̼سǡ
ӣɻˣ֮ǰȥسǣôû˪
˪ϵֲǺ׽ϴν鶼ûǡ
˪ҲûܻʲôֱӾ͸ӣ˵ҵԨԴ
֮ǵ̫ûʱ򣬼ӿĹȥˣ͵һ
˪۶֪࣬ôͰ̫Ƴȥˡ̫ȥﵱ˸ʹѾͷ˪ĵۣ˾һ˼Ҵ˼͡
Ǹʱ֮ϵͲˡ
̫Ϊϴ㣬ݺʰ̡
˪ѾܾûˡҲû
ӣͷȻǲǾνˡ
Ķ쵽һЩҵĶȵĲˡ
ӷֵˣټϴҰ⣬зֵƻȥһֱԹ֪ǶüЦ
ǴΧ綼ͷһݣ
Ĵӿû
˵Ǳ߶Ѿֿˣ˵ǲȼ
أҾͿǴӵá
ٺ٣ٿ꣬ǴӵС˵׶˵ˡ
ǿɲӹúãǲԸ޵Ǵ

ӣҲѵɣλεڼͳԶ˪ڼ˻һɽ׼ĳԵĶֻ࣬ʮ
ӣǱ߻Щɲ˸ɻȻûгҵķݣǮջİԼֵһЩĸŮ
ȥ꣬Ҳ˴ͷѾǸˣԸȴܺ
ӣǮģԱ𿴳ʲôûУѾźüʮˡ
ЩǮһ󲿷ɽҵҩģ֮ǰץߣӣ͸ǮһӣҩĹǮ
һҲַ֣ڴϵ˵óǸ͸ˡ
ҰͲñҵ͸ģиҲЩʳȻ࣬гɽϴҰǮջӣİæҲζġ
˼죬ڣĵһѩˡ


81 
ѩ׷, ëһ㡣
ӣ𴲾ͿװعԺѾ˺һ㡣
˪ǰԺѩһһǵС, Ȼмһѩ, ѹŽһľӣȻľŽѩ
׵Ȼ䣬һֱѩá
ӣһưˮϴһ˶ˡ
ϳʲô
һù, ÿͼ򻯳ϳʲô, ʲô, ϳʲô
˪ȸ档
ǰЩĻȥեͣ˪˳ե˵֥ͣȻ룬ָһƿ֥齴ͻ
ǴųԻʱ, һѩ, ˪;ȸˡ
䣬Ϲϡ, Ҫ
ðð, ŵᶹǺͻ
üˮ, ֮棬Ĺ, ˪˸Ϻˮ֮иḶ́ǰѰ̳, һ֥ÿӷ
˪ڷ˸ĵط, , ûһͰˡ
õһ΢, ˪óһַһ֥֭齴ʹ򿪣˰׻
ڹļˮϽһܲᶹǼϻСлСŵ±Ҳһףڵ͵óȳԡ
֥齴ŨİϺ嵭
һ緹Եޱ㡣
緹˪ͳȥϣ껹ɨѩѲӣǴ̫ĺЬһǳһŵȥţ׼һȥӵĻҡ
ߵ֪ſڣǡƻͽԾһȥ
̫ƻӡ󲻴˱߱˵
̫һʣզǶȥ
ʱֵˣڴϼҼһĺܡӷÿ춼ĸСʱСʱСʱ
ѲߵĺɨѩҲֵ
ڴҳ˵Щҳ̣ɵ¾ˡ
ϳ˷ȥʲô鴫ﾫȿ𻨰ŵСϷȻСʱ
Ӷ
ƻæء
æɶأȻæСѧʦʹѧƼˡ
ƻѧϰãͲˡǶæѧϰأ쿼ԡ
ƼиĿڷܽСѧʦŬһ¡
Сѧʦ˵Ҫ󲻸ߣԱǿ϶ҪѧϰõģǾͰ˿ǰһΡһʦһģһѧ
ƻ֪Լټ˵͸ŪȥˣԾͲ͡
̫Ҳеġ
磬֮ǰĶҲ˲٣ҲֱӲμˡ
ˣ˿ûз
֪ڣ˯ȻѣŪ˵Եģ̣̻û
ֿŮ֪ѾΧһѧϰˣҲš
ǿ֪𣿡
ʳڣһŮ֪ҪشһŮ֪קһѣʹ˸ɫ
ûš
ʮֲˣ֪Լ֪ڲã
֪Ƕȴ˵СǼǼֶܰסˡ
ɴ౧ԼǧټСѧαȥ֪ķҽڡ
һߣŮ֪˽
ղǲǴ˵ǱߵĿݣ
ҡˡ
Ὥڼ˵ٶ죬ǣȥ
ţν㣬һ˵
ˣǻǸϽϰɣЩҪˡ
ν㣬ûġĺãڵѧãܾ𣿡
ǿ϶
ǸɶҪѧȥ
˵㱿㻹ţǴӰĴСԺ˵׼ΧӵĶءʱܲÿζҪ԰ɣοĺһ㣬´ˣǲлˣ˵ˣԺδζҪѧĶˣ϶Ǳȱǿġ
֪߬ȭͷֻҪѧˣԼģһֱʦѧ֪ʶҲǵĻۣ
Ů֪֪ĻҲ׳־ͷͿʼ濴顣
֪ķӰңһշҵ˽ڡ
շǴѾԺѧңʽţֻ䷿˼ĨӡҲǰװϵģݳ޵˲
ҪȵٴмֻһӣԭڻҵġΪõĲ࣬ɴ͸ˡ
̽ͷһͿ˴ĺĽǰȻѧϰ
Щˣ֮ǰڴӦϰġ
ڰῴѧʦֻһڼȻҪԼϰԼͲӦڿѽȻʱһ϶Ǿڵġ
ýһͬѧֶڵ£ѻ˵ôˣҪʶȤӦóúô֪ıˡôܶùأ
ڣ㿴أ
ž͸ɰͰ͵ĺһ䣬ȲҪת⣺֮ǰ㲻˵ҪҲϰҽպпգǿʼɡ
ô˵ȴһôѻתýڷοԡ
ǵģһˣµظɻӦãŮ֪
ֲԼϲ
ͷ⣬ûͷĲᣬһڲֽ㣬һ
ԾӦżһ¡
ʲôͻȻͽһˡ
֪ź߽ˣһ߰ʣдֽʡϴźĴްͷ϶һñӡ
ȻǸǰԼˣ֪ɶġ
һӾͲˣźҲǴӱֻ֪࣬һǲģ֮ǰͽڶôź죬Ϊźƽʱٿѵģ֪ڲżҲϲռСˡ
ģͽڶ׶˵
ź߽ʮȻݸһˮ
֪࣬ȵˮͿʼ
ﶼˣڣʲô˼
˵ҪΣôܲź죿
˲Լƽװ࣬ʣ㲻ȴӦҵ𣿡
Ӧһˣզܰ·ּһ
ڣŶźҲ磬ѧҾˡᣬһطģҽһҲǽ̣Ҳǽ̡˵԰ɣ
Ըƨ
ǽʦľңѧϣǽڣڽһź죬ⲻǴµģ
ҧ´
ź첻ڣԸںú˵һ˵ϾɵƻûŪڵԺŪŽȽһˣȵ죬ʲôֶΣٰѽڸˣҪȥԼѧʦλþˡ
źڣֻóԼ֮ǰֶΣǲǧίŽڡ
ǰõģÿһͻֱĸߵȥֹ
ֻȻǲˣڿҲûź˵˻
ǴĶʼǲ
źָԼСѧ꼶αطʼɣǰ궼ǼӼ˳ģⲿֿʼҪһЩˡԼ֪ôܸо
ڣãǾʹ￪ʼ
ڡ
תʮ˸䣬̺޾ί
ڣҲɣҪͷݵġ
᣺
ۿھҪʼˣҲ˲ô࣬Ͻ̯鱾Ϳʼ
ﲻǲίģȴҲֻ֪˭֮ǰΪ˹̣ѽµ̫أ
ȻԼ
Ķ˼Σһ˼ĥڵ˼סˡ
ƫƫźҪԣξͽΣź컹ʱʱʡ
֪࣬طе㲻⣬ٽһ𣿡
õģطҪעԣҪѧܡ
㽲ãҼˣҼëͲӣůůֲ֣ҿ㴩Ҳֱӽͺãֽʸʾ
лл㡣ǽŽ

һⲻа
ϽҲ֪࣬Ƕһ˫ëףǰЩ÷һأ׻ǱͲů͵ģţȥã
ɿܳȥ
һߣļźͽ˲ֿ
źŰӰԶˣŸ̾˵ͼɶҲҪ
ߣһȻ˾Ը¿ԲԲŮӮ
ź죺ô죿Ҳ˵һҾ˰
ڣǾǰСôʱ䣬ڻӦõģҰϷݺãοѧҾͲȥμˣѧʦĪ
źզࣺѧʦˣҪ£
һίΪɶܣ֮ǰƭңǮȫƭˣҪƱ硣զܿһѣ
ڱǴźһᣬǰһźܡΪ˻ԼֵӺƻź죬ǻźԼһ
ڰ᲻ߣ˲;ˣҲҪѧ֮ǰ԰ᣡ
᲻ǵҲԼϰѧʦλãͺŪţԸԼҲҪаᵱɣ
źһý˾û䣬ǰǱƭûӣڲƭҲһûӡ
ѧʦλð
õĲ£
˵ҪͲҪǰܼүǡ
ҲԼźʶȤĲȰ
ë׻ôϸţ˽ڵһĿź죬һҾǱǿı顣
ź죺
ɵӣ
̣ӣ̫ȥ˼λ֮󣬾еˡڼŪԼСҩ
ԴӸڵķӲ֮˪ͼӼһҩ
ҩдҩ֣ץҩҩ
ͬǣǰҩСһŵģҩҩҪСĺšҲûҩֶľƵġ
ӣƼҩͺãǰҩĺܶ඼ɢţӰ˵ĿžҡҩڶǰõҩĶŽȥɵĿ泩
һȦҩӣ̾
ļҵʵǲˡ
ҩ񣬴ͻʮǮʱǰǰĻʽѸˮֻʮǮĴˡ
ӣһҹ֮䱩תƶ״̬Щѹ˪Ҳˣ꿪ͶһЩɽȵǮչˣ͸ӣ˳ǣĹӦûһЩ
ʱʼ죬һ¿Ҳġ
ӣҲҩճ̣׼Ҵӳ˵
һ꣬׼ôӳʲôҩģʹӽʼ
ǴʺˣɽһƬģֻҪʱɽŻһСƬϣҪ¾һ
ӣڲڼң
ӣϽ˼Ӧһ
ˣΪ׵Ļˡ
Ϲͬ־
ϹǿӣӾˣû취㣬˭Աأ
ӣûᣬԹԹǲ˵ġ
ôˣ
Ϲһ㶵Ŀӣ˲ͱˡ
˵ˡ
ӣզôÿƤ׵ĸѩһ
ӣѩäǰɣ
Ϲ˿ĭҲ֪ɽѲߣɽϺиҰҾһֱų򡭡ȻͿˡ
ϹͽˣΪԼϹˡһѲߵ˴ӣ
һˣҲ¡
ӣˣǿ᲻˵𣿲ҪǶѩѩäûȥǹİ
ȥӣûע⣬Ȼûѩäģ껹δѵİϢݸи𻨣ǿҪСǺѲߵģѩä
һ˵żһ
Ϲһ߱ӣѵһᡣԱ߼ҲеŵġղžӣúÿСҲҽӻ
̸Լְҵʱһ㶼ӣһû⡣
ϹŪ¸˪Ϊ˷ѾӸǼĶһٴҩ
ӣϹڵϣ˸Ŵ󾵿ʼ飬û˵û£ͨѩäܺá
˵ϹһСӣʢˮϴ۾
Ϲˣ򣬲øҩ𣿲ҩУҸоԼͷԵģ۾еյĻš
ӣɶҩҪˣҾ͸ҩֲأҩͲˡȥøڲ۾ϣ궬žҸһ۾
ϹŤŤ󣬾ǲߣûװȻҲ˵˵ѩäģֵԼˣ¡
۾ϵëǰһʲôҲ⻹ˣ
ӣŤû취Ҫǲģиտţ̣ʵ̣۾Σ΢õĿ켸졣
ӣҲһ˵Ϲȴġ
ϹϣֻǮӣҲƽϣ£ҲͳһȪˮ־ְɡ
ϹǧлˣӣΪ¾
û˵һ˵Ϣ
˵ɶϹ̣
ӣһ˼飬˵ǸҲϹ϶Ū֪Ѷ˵ģأȥõȵ죬û׼ͺˡټȪˮЧãҲ͵á
˾Ȼȥ̣±åץ
ǿզȥģ
̫Ѳ߶ӵһСǴӵѸ˵ġѸŲǰԼŮӹǸŮ˵ˣպ̡ûѸŸ
ӣ
̫˵˵ҲˣѸҲˣءǰţȻӻУ˵ԼڼҽġϾֱӷų˵һŮһޡѸ˸ޡ
ӣصѸƫƣһҼǵѸԤӦûһ°ɣ
̫˭˵أǲһ£˵첻֪ô£ˤһ¾ˡ
̫ûƼǸհ˾˵Լкˡ
ӣôô֣ˤһѸ̥ľڽˤ
һкһŮ
ӣɻȴһȥһǮջ
ǮջȻûȥңȥˣСϲľȥ洫Ķž˼˼ξѧᣬתС𿣬ͶŽһó衣
ԵӣʱǮջѾ֪ˡ
ǮջǮŮҲɣ泩Ĳˡ
أжˣٲűˡ
ΨһǮջյľӵǶʣʵĶЩʲôƨﶼûȥ
Ǯջһҧӣȿˣܲܰһ̨ϻӣ
ǮջҲΪ붼ˣҾ֮ǰ˵ǸͺܶԡôˣҼȻѾͷȱ˼СҲġʦѧĿ죬˵ӻҾ͸ȥ飬ҲһҲ¡
Ǯջܹ˲ֵܶ϶Ҳ򣬵ʱʶҶ࣬ӿ϶ҲҺã
ӣ̾Ǯջ˵⣬ﻹǱġһӣǮջǰЩĸ˸ЦǮջҪİŮ
ɳҲڱϣҲһ䣺ջҲҪһв
е㲻˼š
ڸʦѧ磬ҵɤӻˣָ㣬δʾʱϷ綼ûǲȥģΡ
Ǯջûԥһӣɶʱ붼ѧȥС
һĶɣҲǮģ˵ˣ벻ù鲻ã˾ҪǮ
ǮջҪƣ񣺡ջ°ɡȻҾҪ໨Ǯٵһ̨ˣ಻š
Ǯջû취ջǾһ壬һһ룬Ҳ
ӣǳɣȿȥ򡣡
Ѱ˼ţԼθߵ͵ø۸񿳵ʮ顣ⶼͷˣøۿۣ
û죬ʱ͵ˣһʼԱǾͽҪ򡣽һͷأˣҲǰͺúÿ硣
иҲɴ£Ҫֵ࣬˺ùꡣ
ӣð⣬߶ⶼ߶˰
Ҫź⣬Ҫ˭ԸҪԸǮ
⣬Ыӣţ


82 
ٵĻǴϹɱ, Ȼǵһ򣬵һ㶼İ͡٣ȻÿҷֵҲ١
Χ, ȥҪ⡣
ûȥ, һһԵꡣ
뵱Ȼ϶ǲԵģһ̰Ա档
ӣҪŵ˾ͺϡ, Ѿ֮ǰЦӣ, Ҳ֪, ˼Ҽгӡ϶㡣Լһʵʵĺ
ӣͷͷһźһСѾ̫ӣһˡ
ӣ۰ͰͿʣµ򼹹Ǻǰȣ͵˭ֵ˲ԸҪ͸˻
⻻
˶ӵҲڶ, ֵͷ, ǻȫҫҪϱҪιӵ, 㿴Ŀ͸Ұɣ
˶˵һ⡣
һˡ
ӣ̽Դ, ֵںֵ˼, ˪ȥԸԸ⻻⡣
ǲԸģҲٲֳԲζԸ⻻
˪һ򼹹, ֻһӡ
ӣ˷ܵĺܣ򲱣ץ⣡
ղû˲žԼȻ򲱣
ȻƽǳԵ, Ы򼹹Ҳࡣӣܾӵζá
ط, ʾ, ŵ, ܳԵмǶι裬Ǻ˻ζʮֺã
ӣĻץ⣬ǽ򲱣һЩУõ۵ץ⣬һ׷ӣϱ½Թһξ
ûлܲҲûѸɣҪеĻץٺóԲˡ
ڳԵ棬ӣ̰ĵģһжϺóԵô࣬궼òġ
˪´Ҹ硣
ڴģ˵ˣͷл⣬ҲѸɣһѸɡ
磡
Զǧ֮Ŵ硣
ֹ˭ڱ߶أ
һգҲѩԭҪĵطͣˣ֪ǶǼྣǴһơ
ô˵ϼ˱Ц˭϶ũһ֦¡
š±ӣǿ˵ãСʡʱǿǡ
ǿʲô
ɴ۾ʧߣ
һ֦黨裬ǰһ˫ˮĴ۾
ʲô
ҴЩˣ
δոµһҪΪҷףСС谭޽
ֱģϵĿںһһϣ
ЦһСС谭ǰɣ

޽ǰɣ
ǣ
һ˦Ťͷˡ
ίĿƣô˰
ֺǺǵģ˹Ҫ㣬㻹Ӳ硣ֲ˼Ҹ˦ӡ
˵ˣļ򣺡Ͼ̫ǸʣҲġȻ˵ũεĹŮβҲûΪ㣿̯ôõˣС˺٣ƨƨߴȥˡ㵹ɶ˼ҹϹҲס
ڨЦһתƻ⣺ҼҼ˵˸ɣһСԣ
ƼԼͷĹһʵСĶĺù
岻ʱĶԵõĶСƯϸţƯﻹиõ
һ˵ҪСҿjΧ˶˹
ֵطЩ֪࣬Щ˴֪ǹϵСׯϲʱ˵ˣձ鶼Ǻĵĺꡣ
˵СׯҲѾˣ˵Ǽﰲ˹سȥˡ
Сׯһߣ֪ڲ͸Ǣˡ
ٺ٣еɣǷŽȥһ󣡡
һǶЩܲ
ҪܲǸ˸ɺóԣŲ˸ɣ
ɵ˸ɵʡųԣȻһĳˡ

ȺһԱ֪඼˹һһףѱηŽȥųԣζ˳Ե۾
㣡Ĳ˸Źȵҹٳԡ
Цеģ£ҼּЩǼĵİֻɼ͸ɶĢǹԸĢ⣬š
ð
ҹûһһӣˡ
Ӷʮ翪ʼӣûôͣ
ըףը飬ը飬ըӡ
ͱӣĥҶƤ
ͷĥ׷ۣɹƶۡ
ֳɾеĥ̾ûͣʱ򣬲ͣ˹ĥʹ˪Ҳæǰæ׼ˡ
͵һ룬ŵ
˵ʦģҸ͵㡣
ӣһը飬ιæŵ˪ڡ
ǵصصıˣɫӣԹ֮ǰը棬˵ǺˮƽˡεҲİűڣڸһ硣
һ磬ͣߣȥӣϱ˪Ҹճ»ԡӣᵽνζ
һԼСˣǼһը˹˪ôˡ̫ͷҲһȺ̫̫ŹӻΧһȦ
͵͵ģǮջʹ󷽶ˣСŮŮӣͶ
Լ㳦ҳŻ㳢
ǮջʱЩСĩڷɣûþܳˡϹһǺζ
ӣҲûƴǣǮջһı仯˭֪ǮջԽԽùˡ
죬ҹڵǳ
Ȼţ⣬⣬ײ㳦аһ
ȥҹҹȻǸʢˡ
Ȼ㣬ѹǣۡθһ֭нζŨⰾɫ̰ף轣̲
ӣĻǻ˪ʦĻƬʲôӣֻһײ˶ܺóԡȴķζʿɿڡ
ҹӣŵӶԲˡ
ֻӦĳ
һʣˣӣ̲ס̾ÿ춼ǹ갡
̫ˡ
Ҳӣ룬ϵСҲˣȻճ˵㣬˺ö࣬Ҳˣз𿴶٣Ӳ
һһģͲ
Խǹζ
ȵӣ߳ԹʮĻԪѾʼ˴ķΧ
ԪµһĿʼҸʼŽļƻı仯ǣҪСѧ
ȻһСһǮѧҲ󣬵ҪֽʣһǦҲǮءҶϸϸ
ӣҲ⣬ĴͼƻǣȵȰֽճˡȻôҲǮ
˵˪һĲ٣ôţӣԼ֪ĶҲĶࡣȥ޷ӣˮһǮ굹ǲٻⷽǮˣҲԸΪǮ
УǾֻܿԴˡ
ȥһɽΣӣҲףװǺϵġͲ˵ɽζң˵һʹ󼸰ҩĵ˷ëǡ
ϴҦ˳ɽײˣҪҸңûôס
ӣܹϵģǽֲˡ
ɽϱдƬĽɹʴ󣬶ֽҲռأиӦͬһԡ
ӣҧǦͷдƻ洫𻨵
ӣ
ӣһͻŵˣ
ҲԼҵʱ䣬ǴӵĴСѡʦӡ
ӣžͱ𻨿Ÿ첲ߣϽϽģȥռõط
ӣǽΣվĶġ
𻨣ڻûСȻоûǴô˶ȥʦҪúģȻԼҺ̵òõģ
ˣڶǴӼְСѧļ£ҪҾֱġԵȻԱǶȥˡ
ӣ˵֪ʱѾۼ˲֪࣬һš
ѩɽиڷɽ֮ǰ˹ʦҪ˼⣬һģһѧʱҸںڰϳ⣬֪Ǿֱֽд𰸡
ǱԻд˻Ҫָһ⽲һ˲ϸ
ƽķʽ֪ܶҲϿɣܱȴӳָһˣҶͷ֪õöࡣ
ǰбǰź졣
ź죬̲סʱнڲź켸ǽ𡣰տʼڣõĻǰ師ʵ֮ǰڵ̫ģϻ콭ڶŰ׵̨С糡
᱾ΪԼɵľͰѽ˭֪˸źڱϴ΢Թ£ǱźƽĽڡ˵ĸطûýڶིһźָ᲻Ľ֪ࡣû֪඼˴ˣҪΣʲôΣ
пв
Ҳˣźڣڷ·ҲЩ
ֱð̣һ˼ڽˣͷûȥԡ
˺Щ죬һֱǰЩ죬ڵȲˡ
ۿҪԣѧĲź죬ôܲĽ
Ŀ֮£ڷ·ǱĳỮ˼ʮҳص㡣
ڳ˵Щ϶λῼģҲμӿԣźľֻ֡ǡ
½Ťͷȥź컮ص㣬ôź쳬
ϽŪڣڣʶôˡ֮ǰֻǡֻǾµ̫ˡΪһ˻㰡
涣óԼݼҸûʲôģһֱôῴ̸ֻĹӸأ
۾˸˵𣿡
᣺ģҿϯ֤˵Ķģ
۾ﾡ飬·һ磺Ҳϲֻһˣֻ㡣Ϊô࣬ҶġȻҹȥҲãĵİ㡣һжصԭ㡭ҿʦǵӾͺùˣ˵أ
һ˿Ūת˲ȡ֮ãʹࣺᣬ˵ҿ𣿡
ᶯסڵ֣ԵģڣΪмԥ˺㣬ҽҵһȥֲ㡣
˵꣬˽ڵĻӵģ㻹𣿡
ûж׼ȷ˵Խ˰ͷ벻Զſڱվŵϡ
ðҪǵĻ
˵꣬ͿղŻſһ˲ͲӰ
ӻг˼רǰİֽϡ
ڸصʮ꾡ڻԤпܻͣʱ䲻ѧϰһ㣬ֻܾȥסǿļ⡣
Ѿظ֤ˣһܲһ롣
ȻﱧԹڲУôܲһأɼǸ
ͷɣԼõĵطȡѵˣһҪȵʦˣٸڶϡ
ǣڽһˮեˣŲͷԷϷ
ĺббǰüͷź죬֮Աǡ
ѧٶʲôãأ
ᳬõҸоںڰϳϰ֮Ȼֹˡ
һ⣬ǽ˵ģỹȵסϾҲ˵ܱ֤󲿷֣һȻԤģѶȲԼҲ
ڶ⣬ɲǽ˵ģѾЩˡҪ֪εĿ࣬ҲǶʮ⣬ΪǿʦǴСѧ꼶еѶȶСҲʴʽģҪ𣬻ҪдЩ֪ʶ㡣Լûģģһź죬ԷѾڷܱʼˣ
⣬űʵֶڲ
ĵ⣬Ѿȥˡ
һԽἸǸŶһֽд˼֣Ŀָ
ź죬ղμ꿼ȥˣȻǶԺμԺġ
ԼĿģ֮ľǶƲסŭ
ҽڣ֪ҵһʵĽڡԷŭƺ׼ƶһ
˲ϴˣڣҸͣΪʲôһصһû֣
˵˼ǰỹܹҰοԼǽУûص㡣ʮĿһûУ
Ծǽڰһ
ѵǹİɣҺãⱨңڣôû뵽ȻһɵСˣ
ڰһգڽ㣬һС˰ɣôֻˣˣˣ𣿡
ᱻڵ̬ȴ̼ھԼһȻܡ
ʲôҿ㻹еǮѧ⣬ѹͲ㣡·ƶһۣģûһŮĻῴ㣡ʲôʲôûеˣ˼̵СĴָ㲻ϣúúãΪܸ°Ҹ㣬룡
ŭȴƽ顣
ûзһ£
ỹŭУصʲô£
ںϾ㷢û֣̽첻ڡ
һ£ôˣ
ڣ֪ǴӵĹũѧ˭𣿡
Ȱش𣬽ھ˵̡
ǳԾôû˵
ˣæýڲϰѧѾͦʱˡ

ȼϣȻӽʦʸûõɴȥ̰ѹũѧøԼ
Ķܿ뷨һ٬ֿϷѾسˡ˼ӳһ٣ѾŻȥˡ
ڵ
ȥˣ
˭ȥˣ
Ķȥˣ
ûٳʤ׷ҡҡͷš
ʵϣ̵鲢ûŽڡ
֮ǰ˵һȻ˵ɲͥǽĴСӡ
̻˵ףŴһسǵġεҲǸˣ֮ǰڸܹϵҹĥ˿һŰѹƵƵž㿪Żȥ
ԥԼˣ᱾ƴõĸ鷢չǲҪܴ졣ҪٸһݹҲʵ
ھĵڣиһϢ
ϵĹũѧӸɲѡ֪ӳľټҪˡ
ӣһֱĵԽ
ԼȥѧѹᡣȵѧҵȥͿ԰Źöиȶķ롣
˭֪ҰᣬǴѹϵµģȴһйڰԼıԹ
ʲôʲôֻһ졣Щ˲õǰ֮ۼ
ǰԽڵǸ֮ǰΪάᣬýڶˣڿ˰ĿȻҪǸġ
û˵ʲôֻ뿪ʱ䡣
˵ԽԽãǾڲѩ֮󣬾Ӳѩȥ뿪ˡ
˻ôҲû뵽Լ㾡Ȼɵͷա
˺Ҳˡ
ʦǱѾ
ϲǵʦźʦλкʦǵĺѧʦϣӵһźģڽʦĸλҲܷⷢȣ
ĶΪǷɿ졣
һգۣ͸оѾɵ˿ʱ
ӣᣬĶʵ̫ˣء
˪Ҳʰ˼ĴһЩٲԾ͵ȲĶʰ׼ʰϾȥϰࡣ
˪ȥϰ࣬˹˪ˡ
Ҳ죬Ƿһϴ˹
һģһʮżӡ
˪ϽԼߡ
лԾץˣ쵼Ҳ˺üͷ͵ȥء
ϴ˹һ£ǵļԱҲˡ
˪һأҲ֪лԾȻ˵ġ
ӣϽЬҸһȥ


83 
лԾ·ĸԴҪ׷ǰЩӡ
Դ˪ʰ˶شӹ, лԾͿʼ˽ļƻ
ȥ겻һǣΪлԾŲԺܶ鶼ࡣ
ⷿ˪ǰ´µĲ˸, Щ, ʣµľûˡлԾһײˣȻְѵʳȫˣžǷľȸɻ
лԾЩʳһһʵʵ˵ǾǹӪûʲô, Ǹ겻ҲСĶڶ
һֱȵ, лԾſʼ֡
ȥľ, ֱӸԱ˼٣ֻ˵շټһ񣬴Һúûؼҹ, ȥ֮ҲҪʲô˵ʲô˵
Ա˼, еԼȥô̰ôһɣе˵ֱת, ôлԾ, һ궼, 껹ôͰ˪ߣɼ׬ͷСԼҪҲܷһ, Ӹù
Ȱ˶ŪߣлԾڿʼȥһ޵·ӡ岻ʱ͹, żҲ±
ϵ˾ȥ, Ҳϰ, Ͼȥʹ, лԾĻع˵ϲȫеĲˣǲ٣ˣ´硣
лԾŪŪˣϲߵĸĸֵܶšΪľǾҪٿˣøӢ顣
лԾҵĸǮʱͷסˡ
϶ڼˤˤ򣺡ǸĶͲҪӢˣⶼ೤ʱˣôӢӽӻȥģ֮ǰ˵Ŀɲ
ϴҲ棺ɲǣģ֮ǰ˵ģлԾ֪ˣҲű¹ġɲǼѾ̯ˣټӢӡǻӶùġ
ԭȻլϵķˣȻҲ࣬ǮһҲҪûУٻеġ
ʱǷǮ¸ԸǸҲܹٸӢ˵ߵ˼ңҲЩǮһӻܹȥ
Ĵ˵αػ£ֻҪϰסлԾһҵ״ǲıġá
˵лԾ֪ӢƭҲģʱ϶űһӡ
ǧ㣬˭ϵлԾӾȻǸƭӣ
ʲô˷ӣĸƭӢģ
лԾȻֱˣֱӾҪӢ顣
ϴüһеˣټӢһŮҲ飬Ҫһָָ㡣
ɲôǶϡأһӾ̯ĸɲǽ˿ϡ棿
ϴ󣺡Ҳûʳˡ
ʳ֮ǰӢлԾ֮ǰлԾΪʾүıִġôһʱԵ߰˰ˡϸ¾ѾжϴķˣʱҲǽͰ͵һһ㡣
ٲ취Ժôȥ
϶ǸƢˣһӣʵڲУǾȥлԾһ٣˰Ӣ˷ӻ£
Ĳϱһ϶ô˵͸ϽԲ磬ĶܾлԾءӢô˵ҲǸ֤ˣָһ٣Ӣôأ
ϱȰ˵϶ͷ˶˵ˣƿȥлԾҪٿ顣Ӣ˵ʮ顣Ǯȫ˵ģʱǮǷһǮͰ͵ľ͹ˡ
ϱ磬Űõٿ飬ٴ߽Ƿ磬Ѽķ뿪
˵ˣҪǶϴλϡӢҲ
ǲ˵ģϱֻܳһ϶Ҫ϶ڻϻ˵һ仰ĶھͰŪ棡
϶ɫһӾʲô˼ģܹϱ
˵˻ү˵ĶŮ˲廰ĿգŮ˻ָժ
ϱƲ첻ˣʱǻ磬˵лԾһҾòССϴ˰ɣһ˵飬˵ʲôЧҪȥһ٣϶ģʱ˵ûҪ෿
һ˵෿϶Ҳ˵
ʵ֮ǰļ̫̣һ;ܡ
ģҪȻһȥ¹黹ôģڲǻûأҪʳְɣô˵ӢҲǸ֤ģϻ˵ˣһշްնأлԾܵÿӢϸǵʳ
Ĵ⣬ϡ
ϵлԾٿ飬ʱ¡
ЦԼǣɲҷϸһǣҪ˵һӵֶֶŮˡ
ĵõϿɣûȥлԾˡ
϶ϴȴûɢᣬһų̾
϶е㲻磬˵һлԾᣬǲ̫˰
ϴ󣺡᣿Ҫȥ෿㲻ȥ
϶Ӣӽôһڣô飿һӱĺúõģҲһ£ⶼˣ
ϴҲԼҺӵ֮ǰҲ뺢ӣҪٽȥˣĺô죿
ᵽӣ϶û취£˺ӣȻǲٽԼݽȥˡݽȥãûûŮģȥҲͽȥˡǻԼأܲ׵Ҳȥ
ŭؿڣǽ϶²ȥ
磬ȻȥлԾٱ˰ɣ
ϴµӣ˵ʲôأٱʲô
϶ֲֲô죬ʰҲ²ȥлԾôǮһжգƾʲôôǮҲʲôǮļҵףƾʲôһˣ
϶Խ˵ԽԼе˵Ҳ˰ɣÿ»ǮԼҪⷿҲûμӹ깤ƾɶһӾóôǮϯ棿
϶ð⣺϶̰ˣڷɻָ̰˶أ
ϴõܵܵ˵Щ֣ϾԼҲǹ˳־ٱǾЩȱ¡϶һ绢ķ־϶˵е
ӢлԾʱҲǾȥԷǮģϸлԾûռұˡ
˵ĵҲԡ
϶ĲС
ϴ󣺡ҪǲҸίᣬֱǷ쵼ӳһ£
ҸίǾǽˣȻӢûжذϴǾ飬ӢôܸлԾȥ
϶һ£ҹȥһ˳ǹӪ겻һϵͳģһͷдٱģͶسǵĹӪȥ
϶ǸжӵˣſʱİٰӣǾûֱӰѾٱسǹӪſڡ
ţ϶̩ͨ˼ҡ
سͷҲ֪ǲûнӵţһֱûܡ
һֱһ֧ڲľԱ
Ϊ׵˴һ۾֮ͷɢ˶飬ȥϸ߷ãʵĶǹӪı֣۾Ǵһȥ˹Ӫꡣ
ǵ˷꣬۾оȻûȥ
Ӫӵķ꣬ȻŴգûпš
е˵Σô죿ҪȻȥ£
֧ҲǸżģ궼ǰռֲ顣갴˵ʼʱӦ·ݣϾŴѲҲ˸ɵ¡
سǹӪ걨ľٱЩͷһΣдӪԱлԾ͵ңʲôû˵ûǰôɰͰ͵һֽ
Ա̫ΪʲôҪôҪһˡ
ΣҲߣ¿
˵ţıдһ
ӪǹҵλڶѾʮˣȻţ
ȲлԾҵ쵼ξ⡣
ΰԱڷſڣԼȥдס¡
˶СΪһٱŴ󶯸ɸ꣬Źûþʹв
Լԭ򲻹ǾٱţΪӪӪʵǲ
νüͷȻӪλǲںӪ£ͻȻģĵλҲϸע
ΪĲ٣ǵĻڲ档
ԼӪĿȥ꿪ʼȻ½ЩûӣΪʲôͻȻ½ôࣿ
϶ڲè塣
ûϢһֳȥˣ˷ſڣȻַ껹ûš
εüëĶܼˣⶼʮˣپͲӪҵˣ
ʵ̫֣
ȥ߷õҲˡ
쵼ȻûʼˣҲһ㶫Ҷ˵ķȥ궬Ͳôˡ
ʵһŮ˵ȥ㣬Ƿ´ʱ䶼š
صʱûйɣܶ˻˵ˣǶΪǷ̫ãŹصġ
ܺãտĿοɲá
ţɡʱ䶢ֱǿšȥسǵһҷĹϡ
ԽԽòԣ˸룬ȴ־סôһСĹӪ꣬ȻɣҪ֪ڱĵط˵ǲţǿһЩһ˶ŵġ
ǵӴ
سͷܣһֱסŲʡ
ڣ߰Ĳʣס˼Ա
ţǼԱŶˣûһҽƱģԼ֪˵
Ȼǲ֪лԾʲôܹòʲô¡
˽߰˰ˣһ죬ڿŵһ죬һȺˡ
һ磬лԾ𴲾ƤӿûףӲȥꡣ
Ѿ˺Щˣȥһˡ
ڵϷ˸˯ø𣬼ֵҲŤڵ˯һأѾϰ˾ŵˣ˶磬˯ġ
лԾ˯š
лԾȻҲ޿κΡ
ţԼ궬Ϊմ˲Ǯ˵㣬ȵͰѵֵͻعȥ
ٰҵٿ˽ˡ
лԾһˢһֹȻسǵĹ
סٲǰΪҳţ·¡¹˺ö꣬˵ȥسˣ϶ң±۸ǡ
Ϊ˼ϴӲˡ֮Ųߡ
ؼǣлԾǰֻҪгԺȣͲᶯˡ
лԾŵʳ࣬ϾڷԺȵģҲڼһ϶ˡ
һͶżĶԡ
Բʲôʰ˾˯Ŵζϴһ·
лԾһ˵ί˵лԾֲ࣬ϴʲô£·ǵȵϴġ
лԾţﲻҪҲҪ·һ˼Ժȡ
ҲֻҪһڳԵģǾ͵ˣ£һֱ
лԾô֪ܲЩͷˡ
ǹǱ߶һҼһддͲᶯǴԺ꣬ŶӵȾȼá
ЩҪдӵĸɲȥµأ
лԾһĳš
ȵ˷꣬ͿżĿˡ
ǰȥкԷѾ˰Ѻסˡ
ҲںҲѺʵʵ˷ֿʣʵһһ
лԾŵĵȻ޷죬Ŀװף˲鲻̯˷겻ţ˵⣬ٶҲѵ顣лԾӲ˵Լֻ˵һ㶫ûС
ӲܲסϺȰ
һֱǮУûᶫ·
˵ϣǺȻоһ㣬ŵ˶վסˡ
лԾǰ˵дһ벻ֻܿŹԼ
һľͰصϡ
Ͳӣһ˸ɾ
Ϣо鶼һ
ǵ̫ˣ
Ȼ͵ҵĲ
һ쵼Ҵ쵼лԾǱˮİ
лԾ޺ʱ֪һжˡ
ԳЦЦԼƣһβٶװǣҡûϢһϲɫû߸춼ÿţûͷöؼҳԡ
ƿڴأ溦ˡ
лԾԼһ·
ηϵϣǵﻹиӽ˪
ԶԶԣ
ηƤ֪𣿡
ȲҪ˪ˮھˮ˶һЩԼһЩ
һߵڰ׵лԾˡ
ûС
һţлԾȴʮƽΪȥȢϱҪش֪꣬ȻҲΪˣҲɡȻڵ״£Ҳõ
ΰŰɣȥ˪
˪ӣʱ򣬿ľһֳ
лԾɫվż乿ˣѾ˸ίˡԱҲͷɥվһߣǣһһ߼¼
˪ӣһ࣬Ȼϰȶ˵ĺˮ࣬վһǽͯŮ
ôһĹõģεࡣ
ͬ־һ£֪лԾڷڲС𣿡
˪ĬƬ̣֪
ȥ꿪֪֮ģϸҲ̫
εͷȥ꿪ʼ⵹ǸлԾ˵Ķˡ
Ϊʲôûϼӳأ
˪һ֤⣬һҪӳ𣿡
λû˵ʲôһľ˵㲻ϼٱ
ӣˣվ˵λͬ־˵ߵҲҪһ롣˪Ǹӣӵķڹ÷𣿷ڲĹⱾͲ£ǣ֮ǰһⶼץβ𣿡
˵ٱ飬û֤Ǿһȥٱ𣿾ٱɣ˪ڷôˣУ˪ȥ꿪ˣȵȥ°Ҫ붬ʱǰüϢˣΪʲôǻΪõʲô֤ݣ
˪ÿ붬ʱ֤̿涼лԾǩģ˶ѾˣѵҪ𣿡
ӣԼϵ֤Σղ˵СҲˡ
β鿴ֺ֤˶ȥ꿪Ŀͷȷʵû
ȻԱҲͲٷϻ˵˱һЩ֤ݣ׼ȥٲ顣
͸ί˰лԾˣԱȻûߣҲɫֽԼݹѾǸɲˡ
˪ͷѵʰһ飬Ҳò׼Ҫô죬ֻȹţüԱȻؼҡ
ڻȥ·ϣӣһ˪֡
˪߬ס֣˵лԾ
ӣ˼ˣȥҿղߵʱлҪ˵
˪ͷһ
ΪӻҪٹһʱ䣬û죬¶Ȼڵߴӵ档
¶һ˫ЬȻһ·ҲˣôҲ˪ӣúܶࡣ
ӣϲĸ¶һƻ衣
¶˼ڣŻԹǴ̫ˣ
һ·Ьɷϡ
˪ʱʲôضûꡣ
¶ͽһۣΪ㡣
쵼ˣϵĹӪθ㵱ˣ˼ģ


84 
лԾȥ, Ҫ׷飬׷鷹ڲⲿЩлԾһͶѵ, ҲҪץ
лԾһж, ץ˾ץˡ
ץûôˡ
򷹵һ֣ȥˣȻҪա
˭
سǵһСжնϵ쵼Ц, سس, , ׻вġ˵ˣҶسǰˣͼʲô
Ǵӱһʱ֮Ҳõ
һ, հְλ˪
лԾѯ֤˪, Եû˻ɵ˪ǣεһǶ˵ķԱһһˮ, ˪Ȼһû, ˵Ҳ㾭סˡ
¶ξǸ, ⼸Ͻȥ׼ɣԱҪ, ҲҪáǾýܸǵģȻְҲͦ, ٽ, Ͳôͨ, ֱӾǴͽܵĴʦ
Ͼ˪޲, ʦҲǳ¶֮õĿʸ񣬰˵ǲֱȥ֤ġ
ǽ˳ǣҲҪСʦʼҲڷɻɻǲͽܣͨʦ
쵼ȥͲһˣҲڷͷλʦĵλˡ
ӣҲźãҪǽǵĻǮûء
¶ˣ˪ҲѥȥԼҲҪȥȿ˳йϢȥ
Ȼˣ˵һҲ˵˲㣬滹Ҫ˹ŵġ
æµһʱ䣬˪ͷķԱҲˣʽҵ
ʼӪҵͷһ죬˪ͼһþûŵˡ
Ӣ
Ӣ۾ףлԾ
ӢʱҲʮּ尾лԾҪ飬Ϊ
ȥٱлԾĸ֪ˣɩָݣ˵Ƕ绵ĸ¡ϸʣͰѵĸлԾҪٿͱ˳
ˣһ˼˳ˡ
ĸһţѾźӻ¡
ǰĸȥ˵лԾ£Ѿץˡ˵кܶлԾߣ˵ҪԻס
Ӣ޵ѾˣҪ綼ʰ˶Ҫȥ
û˹
Ÿ£֮ǵøлԾ顣飬㻧ǨȥҲǸɷ֡
˪֪лԾǱĶսû˭֪ô
Ӣֻ뿪ȥлԾĵֵܡ
˲֪лԾĵ֪ɣ
ҵлԾⷿĵطȴлԾǰסķѾˡ
̫̫ⷿһҶӷ£ȴŶԺȡСӴһЩʳˣĨĨһӻȥˡ
лԾĵ֪лԾµģϾлԾץѼңлԾǮˡ
лԾĵﲻ˵ȥлԾҲлԾôˡһĳԣлԾڼְ꣬лԾе·ЬӴߡҲһ䡣
̫̫ⷿңôЩֻԼҵĶûļʲ
ҲлԾﲻã̫ء
лԾһ¯ǾûãΪ̫
ӢҲлԾֻܱޡ
һλַ˵˾Ľ飬ȥҸίᣬҲ˾Ϳ֤ϹϵҲӰ
Ӣȥˣû죬˾ʧϡ
лԾĴҲڰ֮лԾʮꡣ
Ҳ֪ǲΪֵ磬ĿлԾԻסֻʮ꣬еԶһЩΪ쵼ǵԱֱߣʮꡣ
лԾ֮󣬾Ҫ͵͸ũȥ
˪лԾ֮ǰȥ
лԾ˪һ㱡
һʱ䣬һΡ
ллһЩȥ¡
˪ҲǲʱĻ飬ĶȴһĹǸӢɣ͵ö
ʱȴ˺óʱ䶼Ȳ˪İѱȴϿͻƿڡ
͵˪ٱˡ
˪Ҳ˶˹ϻ˼ҡ
лԾǿһ˵ԼֻǼͨƪǹ˪ġ
Լ˪ߺ󣬾ʼĶΪˣ»ҲҲû⡣
Ÿ꣬ҲȢӢӢҲûг£ҲúõĹ֣ɻû飬Źȥ
еԼҪسǵʱлԾԼĶ·
ӢԴӼ޸֮ԺúȺãҲմ⣬Ҿҫ˼ʡ
ôһǣ˽ȥ
ĽǴ˪ģ˪ƽ˵Ϊ̰۹ֱ࣬ӳ˻סӢҲû䵽ʲôãɷˣټҲ޲˼ңֻܻҹӡҲ˲СǣȻûжһӶ
еӽǾȻûͣͣ˪ӽߡ
лԾ˪޹ϵ걻Ҷָ˪뿪
лԾΪ˪һ겻һЩϧĸ顣
̯һôš
Ӣù˪ù
лԾΪ˪һֱȥ
˭֪е˪ԾûԱʼͽܣֻˣζܲͽܡ˺üֲҲŬͽܣͽܵȥĳ¥ܳ
֮лԾٴο˪ʮָӡԼ˪Ƕյ棬лڡ
ˡ
˪ݸһһЩԵģ·ϳԡ
лԾĬƬ̣˪֪֪ʱǺܼġ
˪ͷ֪һЩ
лԾЦ֮ܶԲ㣬Ҳлл㡣
˪Ĳ츳ӳ࣬˰˪Ǳϱӣ˪û˰ˣҲûûбܡ
˶һ˪ʮҲûôҲĽҷԴܴδ·ֻҪᣬܻõġ
лԾ֪
Ҳǰ֪ھ֣֪ˡ
ĸ£ͷβû¶棬Ӣûһֻ֪ҹԼ顣
ʲôû֮ŸĿԼ
ܻ¿ʼġ
֮󣬵ߴʽʼ˴Сİѧ
ѧиĺúܶ࣬˶ʮѧ
ԭڹǼֻҪǻû̫õģת˴Сľû취ˣܲΪ˼˵һ꼶İࡣ
ʮѧһŴӾˣһС
Ȼûеƣвڻ
ӣȥи;оѧؼҳԷ룬СŮһŸײһȱȻ
ӣʹкӣһһǣѧϰ𣿡
һµͷߴߴģϰߣѧĿɿʦ̵Ƕᣡ
ĽǱȱ˿ЩΪ֮ǰڳҴµĺûϿζͻһ
ӣЦ磺ô
СС˵Ҿáʦ̵̫ˡ
òһڸųʦѧϰʱ򻹻ῪСǴͷβ档Խ̵ݶ˵ѧġ
ӣ£ȥʦʰʦҪһ¸꼶鱾Լȿ
磺ʦ᲻̫ࣿ
ӣʦô̫أȥʣʦʦһرġʦϲѧġ
ο缸䣬ӣʹǻȥԷ
ΪǴСԷʱĶһСʱʱǽŵģѧҲ磬ĵͷѧˣҪǺܶСҪ̫˻ؼһҪڣҲдҵ
ӱСӣȥҵи
иԾط꣬ӣÿһԼΪġ
һΪ˰СΡ
ӣżɽӳиҪҪһ
ǴرʺҩģҾǿںɽһƬĵأֽ
´ӳ֪ãӣ˵̶ɽЩƻưװ׵ĵҰɣǴֻ˷˿ϣסǽҲˮˮɳ֮ҩҲ;㷺
سճõĸɽһһ壬Ҳһһë塣һĶصĳһٽңϼ࣬ȶٶôһĶһٿ顣
ȻˣҽԺô࣬ҪȥջҩҾôпΪǴӿϼĶأÿ뺢ǵѧѶˡ˵أ
иӣһ˵꣬Ŀࣺʲôʱģ
ÿĶصĳˡ
ӣЦһȥţںɽԡûŸ۴ҸǮ·ӡ
и⵹ǺãҲʵ˵
粻һͬɣǴӵĹ԰˵ɣҵ˵磬Ϳ
⼸ˣ˵ˣ綼С¡΢鶼ܲͲ
ӣҪȥɽڽ֦ˣһҲ
ӣиɽиɽĽԼСҩ
ӳǴҪ븻ԣȫǲܵġԺǴҲδܱȵЩƽԭǴҲкôǺɽ
֤ǴӽĶ¾ջ񣬵ʱ֪ˡù粻ͬ⣬Ǿ꣬˳ɼȥҹ롣
ӣ׷ĺ͸иԥԥջǵͷ
ӣһҩģĵġ
ûãи͸ӣʮڹ԰æӣҲûʲôӣֱɽϵĽֲ֦Ǥ塣
鷳ľǿһ裬ȵؿãܱΧһȦõǰ֦ȥ
꣬µĽӣϸտ£ٷ֮ʮ
ڶ꣬¾ͿһƬиһΣֶˡ
£Ķأ绨߰˰ٽɳƣٽҩġ
ӣһƷҽԺҽԺһӳԲô࣬Ǹӣʡǵһҩ
ҩ֮󣬿϶ֳҩģҩĵƷࡣ
ٽﱻҩߣһһĵļ۸չȻҽԺЩԷ乤ʡ˲ٹ
߰ٿǮиʱ˶ˡ
ĶͷβûôġӣҲûôͷһ꿪غǤ֦Ҫ֣Լ졣ժûô鷳˴Сѧժʮѧǰժˡ
иЦЦžᣬ߰ٿǮû˵͸ӣ塣
ӣûƴǣֽΪǮȻָŹʣҲسǮ
˪ĹʵˣѾһʮ塣
˻ɵĴҲѾٿ顣
ټϴӳԼķֺ죬һ壬Խˡ
ӣиķֺҲͷһӣһ룬ΪⲿִϰĲ࣬ˣҲӣԼʱ侫ˣһҪӣһ룬ÿֻʮ֮һΪҪ̴ֻҩ
ʣµ壬ӳóʮָ֮ǰӣջĴСȻʣµľſֽ
и˸ۣûԹ˵ʵݣֻ˵ѾϵʡǵҩԸﳤõսǴڱ֤ʳĻϣ࿪Ķҩ
չʮĶأиѾˡ
ʮĶأһĶٰˣһǧࡣ
㹻ÿҷϼʮԪģҴӵĴСˣҲʱһСѧˡ
꣬иݱĿʼſֽ
ӣӿͶֲջ񣬺ɺͳƵĹҲϸšҲ֪ǲֺãԵĽһǮһǧ飡
ϷǮÿһҶֵʮǮȻ࣬ۻֵһ궼δʮ顣
ǴӵԽԽˣ
ɲǣǰĶôõ
ȱԺȻǮΧ綼ûôõˣ
ҴҼҹ϶ڼҲһѧѣҪ飬˲ӣһԼܵ˵ܸ۴ӷǮ
ӣѾͷ⼸զûüˣôûϣ
˵˼Լҽ֪ܲûʱ򡣡
ҹңˡ
ϣǲӣĶȥ
Ķ϶Ƿ꣬Сڷء
Сڸá
ҿСӣ˵þҪϽˣȥ겻˵СسǵʦˣҪǵġ
Сǣӣأ
ⲻûȥŰ˳ɾҪˡ

ӣг˷ʱͷðˡ
˪ſڣ͸гôôżҲû¡
ӣЦô˸ϲô죿
˪ӣݹȥһСֽӣһڵɡ
ӣںϣ˪ﳵֿ죬ںϰĳɡ
ҧһڣӣ;ϲ˺óԣ
˪ͰһھֱܷûӣÿοԶޱ㡣
ǣ˺ı±Ѭһ⡣
ӣĴڳԣϸӦýбӡӾǸΪ˺ͺ֮ͣƣо㡣
гСģŴζɶ壬һͶƫƫ㡣
ӣһбӣ˪Ҷ
ӣ쵽˪ͳ־ͱס˪
̫óˣá
޼꣬˵ദҲԽԽǢӣ˳ģϲ˪
˪һһȥ԰棿
ӣһӸûһððʦǸӼǰĽóԣ
ѼֵͣļټȦСһ𳴣ź͵ļϣζ൱
ӣϲڣǿ߰ɣ
ǣΪľ
ʵ˵ȥ¶͸ӣѰһҽҵĹʱӣûͬ⡣һΪǸسǱϣԶҲΪǸֻһˣλֻǸҽշԱأȻҲΪǮûܹ
Ȼ¶ֱ˵ԽǮӣǾòõʱ
ôһ飬͵ȵ˽꣬¶ͷѾߵĺܼˡʦͽҲˣ͵ݻؼҡسǷճĴʦλõ˪ȥ
¶һҵһسǳҽҹȻȥҲֱ֣ӣŴģ˼ҲǸְϽߵġ
ӣĸ˪һسǣòܳˡ
ȻҲѰ˳ԷΪûܽҽҵİֻܸ࣬ûѺӰŵλȥҽҵĹҪȥǮȥ
߶⣬Ͷʮ顣
ΪǳسǵĺõλȻҪһ㡣
ߵͰԼʱ䡣
¶ַʱԺշʱסţһǮԺҿܸܲǵķӡȻˣҪԸס¥Ҳܻ
ӣⱲѾסԺӵķӣԥסԺӡ
¥סˣ


85 
ö˹, Ǿͳһʵе顣
ӣ˰¶Ӽ棬ʣ°ݻ˪̫˲Žӹȥųˡ
ӣЩίˣ˪ϵ, Ҹԡ
ӣͦõ, ҲʲôʡԶǳݣ۸һȥ
˪ûˣӣг˳ŷ磬˻شǰȥ⡣⣬װ׽˿˾ͻϲ
˪ϵŹӪļ, վ̯Ӵ򽻵, ǰ˰æԤĽ黹еġ
һϵ, ˪ȥæ㣬ӣͰڳϻشȥ
˵ǰӣеţԼ̫, ûֹˡ
ߴ¶, ̵ָĳķһܵǮ̫ΪΨһзһ̫̫ҲŴҸĸ·ʲô, ڴӵ˶ȥϵĲ÷, ʡ˶鷳˪˵, ڴ˪ѾǷĴ쵼ˡ
֮ܶ, ԱǶҲûʲôۺģ, û˻ô
˪ӣСҪȥ, ҲǴҹϵʵ
ǻúõĴϵء
ӣѹؼ, һ·ϸ˴к
յ̫ӭզ̸𣿡
ӣ³, ˵¸³Ҫȥϰࡣ
̫˵Ľӹ⣺úúãϽ˪úһ٣µҲĶ
νǣ̫Ըȥģһӹúã¹˭ͿġžҵϽһ˵˵û¾һӶϱҲӣһûǸǣӣ˵ǽˣǸɲͥҲδô˳
أҲ̫һ˽ġӣ֮󣬴ٰѽˣϱˡ
̫û˵ڣ˼ȷҪڴϣĳƺˣÿͶӣ˵ǵһһ룬Ҫʮ֮һ
̫ӣ̫ʵϣʲô꣬ӳǮ⣬˵꣬ʮ궼Ҫá
ӣҧˣ˵Ǵӽ꿪ʼ͹ꡣ
̫޿κΣֻܾԼţȻӣ˪һǣ֪ӻ᲻߲˵õǮˡ
ӶϱڳӣǮĵطɲء
û֣ʳһѲ˶Ҫ֧Ƕˡ
£ֵˣҲܸСڼ㸺
ӣ˪ȰãûȰ̫̫
̫дʣϰ࣬ȥҲкȥˡ
ˣӣûϲ˵죬̫ҲЩˡ
󣬻˪ӣЭ
̫ס£ÿϢ˾ͻôڵĳŴӻһ̫ʲô;͡
ӣ̫˵˪ϻȻһȥ˺ɽ
ɽסƷ⼸Ҳ˵ӣȻһ䷿촰һȦ̵ʣԺҲһ˰ˮףһ̨һ߹޺һС
ӣ֪ЩǳŪģƾɽϲɵҩĺ㵹ߺԶȥĴӻǮȫóҹϺӡ
ֻǮûڱ
еǮ߳ԺõģǮջӣǶһ㲻¶
ӣߵſڣҾŲˣæЦţ˰ɣ
ӣһ۽ݹȥ
ңѾͷѾʮˣôŵ
˵ţˡ
ʮĹʧӢֻ۾ġ
ӣ㣬
ӣĶͷôְͷˣ¶ͷƤˡ
񣺡ͷ찡ͷ鷳ġ
˵žϲȥӣ۽ﶪһţЩӵĽɰ
кЦĿզզתͷӣǱ䶨˰ɣʲôʱǣ
ӣ¸³
ҷĵΪˣǿ̫ˡ
ҲڰĴչӣӣ㣬һġ
ӣҲ㡣úϷٹ˵þܻسˡ
ͷҶһֱúġʦ˵԰ɣ
ЩѹΪ˸ӣķֱʵ֪ӣҪǵġƾ˪ӣͣСסġ
ѹĻǳ⺢ӵǰ;
ԼһҲˣʮٹʹˡѵҪĥ
ӣѳҵĳƿѳ򷢳ȥĸ˵˼仰
ʲô˵ĹѾƽسǵˣ
Ҽסӣ֣𣿡
ӣģ˵ǴѧĽڱȥˡ
зųȻĹʣӣϢɸġ
ֻҪܻȥǶ˹ҲԣֻҪóȥǸжĸԸ
ӣҲĹ򣬿Ļ궼Ҫˣ̫ģȥʱҲʮңֻҪ򲻶ȥҲܴ·
͵ͷ
ӣ³ңδҲȥһ˵ȥĽҲϹ˵ΪǴиģ鴦ĺأȷʵǰ˺ö˶˴ȥˣ˵ʲôоˡ
ӣȲϢ߸ңһҪ̫ģҲٲΰϢ͸꣬õ꣬Ҿܻؾ˵ҲóҶδиͷ
֮󣬳ҲŶʮһûе̫á
˵һͨӣȥǮջ
ǮջڸǰѾһվ˶ʮֵĴȻӣȥʱιڴѾӵ˰ͷΪιúãһʮ׳
տʼʱӣȪˮǮջĵãټеǴԼ̣²ȪˮҲιٽϡ
ǮջҲ˳Ϊ˴ŵ˼ҡ
һ֣дӳǮһֻͷǮһ벻ȱ˲
Ǯ˵ĵǮջߵĶĺܣ˭Ҳ߿һۡ
ǮջӣҲûͣĻкһ֣ųԡ
ӣҲûݣǰһ֡
ȵιˣǮջժΧȹӣõ󷽷İַָӣԡ
ѧȥ˻ûѼˣ˵ǱѣȥժһѿҲһȥˡ
˵ǮͰ·һΣڴ·˳˳ģǮջȻҲġ
ΪӶǮգ߶ҲƵҲԼԺǱ߶ˡ
ǮջÿֵĶ࣬ΣǱ߾ͿʼҲͶǮȥѾ˹УǱ߸˵Ĳ֪˵ʲôãеʲôԵĶＸǱߵļϻ߶ҵĴӣϾߴôãǱҲ۲
ôԼҴٽأ
Ǯջš
ͷھǮջܻȥǰҲɵߴ
ǮջûȥҴ빫ҲѧѡټϵߴӶͦģôϵĶҳҶ̣ǵ¸嵭ûˡ
סҲͦãиֱӰⶰ÷լػˣ˵שƷӸ
һĿҲĺܺãгܴ˵
ӣ˵һԼĹˣĩһȥԷ
ǮջϲɫãǲһܽǡҵŬŬҲǡ
׬ǮǮջ۽Ͳһˡ
˽ȥＸΣȻȥҩô˵ҲǼ档ͶҪúö顣
ðžǴ㣬˶档
ԼŮҲǹӡ
Ǹӣĸ׵Ļӣ˵ʦǰΣˡʱͰСѧ֪ʶѧ͸
Ƽȥж籾ǴѧСһʮһȥСѧʱʮꡣȥиպúʡ
ô˵ʱͰСѧˣڴδš
Ǯջ·ŷ磬ʲôȺοûУҲûбȴĽ۹·ˡ
ȥ˹УտʼЩϣһͱȥ֪ʦ̣Ҳ͸ˡڹУ˭֪һǮŮδζ꼶һأ
ǮǮջü
ȻȽ㰮棬ͶѧϰɼҲһֱȶǰԶ׼ϸûġ
Ǯջ˵ŮüЦʲôͼͼѧѧ㣬ѿʱҲ˳˳
ӶĻȻһҲܲ¶ǮڶܱȻڱǿ
Ǯջ־ҪŮȥררָֹܷרָܷרȸлѿȫʱܲܿˣϾȥҲСйǸѧ𲽣Ҳ¡
ӣûֱӷǮջŮȥר뷨ͷģũѧ˭ϵģרĳ·
һһֱȵ
ýݣСﶼСӣſھͺ衣
ǮջϽӽӹС˽ݡ
ӣ͸Ͻкӣ
Сѿ꣬
ӣѿϲruaһͨСѾͷ㱻ruaӰϽӣӳԣ
ӣȥԣѾѾԡ
ѿһҧȥӹžϲ
ӣÿǮջʱãΪľruaһСŴӣѿĿɰžһŴ١
ӣͷruaӣǱѾ״
ߵڣͿѸڸܣƼһҡ
Ǯջһ㣿ţȥʰǷˣ
Ͻҳһͣ϶ӡûµ裬㲻ȥͷ⼸أǿɱȥܡ
ӣ̽ͷɶأ
æ£ûϵ¡
Ǯջѿ룬һȥ֣Ȼӣ
Ҳ֪ȥ겻Ǵϵ˶˵ǸӲѸ˫ƤǸƤǱҲ񣬴ͷβͲˡ
ⲻǰȥĴݣѸŵǸŮŮŸС۴ӵԽԽǸСѾͷеѸʹˡ
û˵ʲôﱻˣҲֱĸߵ˵ԼƭˡѸ˺
ڴӵ˶ڲ£˵СŮҲδҵ֣ΪŮȻѸһ㶼Ҳ
ϹһͨǱءѸǶ֣ѰϵҪѸϱȥ
ӣզ֮࣬ǰ¹ûϵȻ
Ѹ֪˭ĺӣϣͷƭƭ˵ģƭ˵кˡ
ȻѸģѸ˸ŮӻѸŻԼ
ôһڹϡ
ǮջˣԴʮֵĿϣŲţµ󣬻ŪŹȥ
ζӶħˣôܳϺӲԼģ
ãϲӾȥʡû˶ٻŮ
ҲûˣӶգǮˡҪǷ룬Ҿ˰ʰˣ
ʵȻǮջϣһֱµףҵˣǱ߻û˵
˺ˡ
飬˵ѸͲ϶ӣ
һﻰȻãûѸǸԼĶߡ
ǰѸˡ
̫Ϣһ㶼⣺̫ǸˣľָѸϣӡ棬˶ӣɲŵǰšôһͨռˣܵġ
ûԣӵΪǴҵﻹҪš
ʲôأ
ӸˣѸסҲ˱ɨسš
ôƽȴҲû취֣ڴӵ˶һ˭֪۸ʵˣƭһȦ˵˳
ҲԼѹˣȻֳЩҶӺÿ
ҵƽϢӣ˪Ҳ˳Էӣ䵥һİǮջͳݡ
ҺµĲˣƴ˺üΡӣһž´ǲٵǲԷġ
ӣҪ
û£˶ˣҲ죬˵ݣҲࡣôЩˣܲҼһζɣ
ұжۿתջˡ
ٷ˪ף⣬㣬˼˶ཷƤ˿
ɫҧһھܸоƤۣڼⲻɲ񡣴ζƤά֭跹ֱһ
Ǵ̰ɫ˶飬ζǽʵۻ
˼õۼⲻˮ¹֮ˣۣ㣬һͱСǷ
˪ԽԽˣ
ǣ⼦ôôó԰
Ҳóԣ۵ģĶ⣬ʣ
̫ˡ

˶˼ңһٷԵı
˪ڷĹҲѾ꣬ͷ죬Ϊȥ͵һʦǲýӵģԴ׼ߣһߵķԱΡ˪ֻðͷĶȥǽꡣ
˰˴͵ϯ棬͵뿪ʱ
Ϊ˲ǮԼҾʲôģСھͲٴˣֱӰѼļҾ߰ᵽȥ
Եľûʲôˣһ̫ãСĴϣ̫гﵽ
һ쾡
̫ųҲȥһ˳˿סĵطЩꡣ
ҺҲ䷿סʲô
¶ͽܰŵԼԺҲΪܱ߼ԺԺ徻ȻǰԺһҽʺ˼Ҷá
Ҫִ֪ԺʲôھȫеĴԺڡ
Ժס˼Ҳ廧
ԺԼռ䣬ǰסĻ˼ҡ˪סǰԺĽӴԶһЩ档
ӣǱȽġ
䷿Ȼ󣬵һңһŶҲˡ
Ҫ˰С
һţﻹǿġ
˪˰Ѷ̫꣬ʰһͨȻ֮ǰҪ˪Լͻȥ
¶һ࣬ϻʱ͵ߵߵܹͽܡ
ôҸǰˢһӣɣ
ӣֲأ˵ⷿ濴žɣ浹ͦʦ𣿡
¶ŰƿƾƺһװķУҴˣհѹϣҲÿһԡø˪ڡ
¶㰡ͽǧ򻽵ˣпڸˣ
ʦѾݣʰʰȥϰɡ
˪ͷӣҲǺϰ࣬˶ЪЪϰࡣ
¶ͽܺ˴ƿƾƣκĻȥ˯
ӣ˪˵ǽûھӴк
˪ʦˡ
Ĵ٣֪ǰԺȻ٣ҲиСžšʦһסʱ򻹺ãٲ˸Щ˴򽻵
ʦ˵ˣңһҾҿ֤ʱǼңģǼ࣬㲻ôǼˡʣңһʦһҲ˿ڶࡣ
ӣЦˣô㻹ұ۸𣿡
˵ôϸǰ¶һ㶼˪Ը
˪ϾǴˣ̫һ
ӣĶһǾ͹Լġ
˪һ˺óһӣ֡
ţ¼ҵ´ܵһ°ɣ

ʮۣȴû˯ȻҲ°Сڡ
ڴһķסţʮ˼䷿Դǰ빴ϳ¶Լøʰһ٣ӶԸˡʵࡣ
֪˳¶ǣ˵ڳ¶ǰۣԺһ۶ҡ
ȥԴԺһ˼Ұᵽ¥ȥֶ˼
Ժճ䷿ôţѵ÷ָ
ֱ׳ãǼѾԼӶϱȥռˣ
ӿҲǿţסҲûʲôɣôء
λû˵ʲôǳ¶ˡ
¶ɷ˵ŪһѴֱӴһã˭Ҳס
ﻹǵ׷ӵģŽȵǰʦȥ¶˵һ£Ҳ˺ü꣬ܵͣ˰ɣ
֪ԼʱǺˣȻ˶ӵĻȥӳ¶ķӡⲻû
˵ôôСۣҿ˿۰
뷨ܺãûüʵʩڷסˡ
ΪĿۣҹ˯ž
ó¶ǹģ
Լ䷿ôܸͽס
ƾɶŹҵķӷָͽܣ
ҲУ
Ķзǵסϵķӣ
ϱԱ˯ţҲ˯ţ߶߶˵°Сڡ
һҲкžûء˾ˣ
沣ɲǣҶżݵĴζˣҲ˵͵㡣ǼСءǸʦһţ
ԲǺ
ԣ


86 
߶߶׼˪һ, ǻ֪ӣҲйֻΪ˪ʦǸͥ
߶С, Ҳһ
סҶ, ԱȽԵ۶ԱȣҾǵҵ֪ͨ˼ϱ
ǰԺԺмȥˣ˵ǰסǺԺʦͽӣǵȥ˴ǼҵСϱ, кܶط֪
ҵĴϱˬһЦû, , Ҳæʹǵ
СϱҲɩɤһ˵裬ġϰ࣬°ˮ
ϱĶ£Ҳô, Ǹ˼ͳɡĿ϶ҪиӦ, СϱǰҲǸ, Ժﰡ, Ĳ, Ҳࡣ
ҴϱɲǣһҾͲ˵, ֻʦһҡǺǡ
Ųһ£һԶ㡣
ҴϱõġҸţƤһ, մ˾ƫƫǼҵ̫̫Ǹݵ, Сϱ
Ҳ, Ҳɵ, ˶ǵһ⡣ǺԺʦĴˣǰҪǳʦʱȥˣҲȢҡȻȥ磬ȥ֮ǰ˵ˣۼҲǲǶ˼ҡסڳʦǰԺ͵ʲôչһ¡СڼȻǳʦͽܣȻҪѹϵõ㡣
ϱᵽȥĹӦǣİɣЩ겻һֱЩڵĸʱǲҲ͵ȥʦŵģһٶʮģҪǺŪסǾ͵ʦ˵ˣʦס
ʮ⣺ˣҲ̫⣬ھˣ̫̫ƽƽȥ͵á
ҲͬϨ˵ƣֻĵһ̫
Сƣ缸ȥϿΣ
ܿںڰӦŵʻûΣȥУΡ
ţõ˿ϣȥһСϱ
̫Ƶģϵˣźý趫ǼӲù岻ãͿĹʲɵģ˶˵飬һ¾ֻʮ飬ۼ⻹һСģʵǲ
ܿںڰʮûá
̫˵⻰˵ûã˵ǼҵĲѡ㿴ԺҼҶйģȻ˿ڶ࣬ǼСӶйҲǣӴһϱҲʽǼңͰ͵ֻһݹʹӡСܿ۲취ô¹֪ģۼﶼָһ˹ӣ˵˰˱ӵĸ޵ϱ
ܿһô˵ҸڸమġమĶܼƽЩ֮֪ˡİɡ

һ磬ӣʱѾͣůﶼյġ˪Ҳѵûӵӣ˯㡣
ţôˣ
ӣһѾϾŵ㡣
˪رѣ˯һȥ͡
òˣ¶֪˪һƱȶԸԣȽܿˡ
ӣӱ̽һСԴҪԶҪŶǡ
˪֪ˡ
˪ȥϴųȳȥͣΧĶ࣬·Ǳӣܶġ
ӣڴѵõľףҲǼͷһûС£һЩ
ţ˪Ѿ˳ǣȻҪ˳ȻҲˣȥҽԺҲ㣬˾
ӣҲòˣѾ꣬Ҳ֮С
Լ£ӣ洫
ͬ־ڼ𣿡
ӣе£˭ţ
ҪӦͷѾ˪ͬ־ʲô£
ͷȲסŵˣҵĶϱܿ
ܿϲֳ֮࣬ӣ崿Щӣͷˮϴϴķ׵·Ȼ˪̷źΡ
˪̫ˣЩֱӣϸݵĸоǰٷ磬˫۾ɫܿ˼
ҡסſǻģҽܿⶼھˣ͵ģͬ־˵˵
˪üͷˣллĺ⣬ûȥɡ
˵ֱ꣬ƿţʹܿǰ߹
ŻŹϣ˿û˽ȥ˼
ܿҧ´ۿתһҡЩʲôӣҲ
ûʣûĻ
ų趫ӸЩھӣ˴ϵģټúãǽʦǿϣҲϸŵ㡣ԲŻˡͱʵǳŲס˪ſĿ
ʲô
ܿŤͷˡ
˪ˣŸӣ˵˲УҲôˡ
ӣô֪
˪˵ʶһ£һ˿ϣղŻŽ￴Ҫǲ˵˵Žˡ
˵ˣǾģԲû¡
ӣ˪ҾڱǰǵĶ˰
ǰ˪Щ䣬ЩǿһҲ̫⡣ϸղʾǲԷžˡ˪ȴֱ˶ԷӣǰԵ̻ࡣ
˪𣿡
ӣһڣܺá
Žйء
ӣȥϴϴ˾̳ݶִĴĶڵð̵һĿڸУ滹ġӣ
˾ãܲÿ춼˪ͳԣǶԸڡѡķΧͺܹ㷺Ҳ㡣
ӣͣ˾һ컹ûʰõĵطʰһ顣
ˮ綼УԾͲˮ͵ˣǰԺװˮͷ㹻ҲʹáӣԼСҩһǣ¹ͷӣһǳмһԲӣӣǳԷǴͶеط
ʰ߰˰ˣſһˡ
һԲĴɩվſڣͬ־ǴԺסŵҴϱҽʰˣҲˣҼԼš
ӣæȥˣλɩһüĿˣ˾ͺ
֮ǰҼžͼ㣬סˣҪʲô˽ģǵȥҡһƬҲûбҸˡǴԺǸڴԺһԺס٣ǸסʮԴԺҲ٣СԺˣǵȥֵ֤ú֤Ҳˣȵ¸¾ҪúúҪǲǶѰ
ӣлԷллƴɩˣҪȻһͷԡ羻ԼæˣҲûȥݷǣģȥ鷳
ЦǺǵģû£ҼҾҸûڼҡ캢ҲȥѧˣأáʱҶС
ӣӡʮֺã˾͸˪ų
˵Щ˿ŴŴȻɺ㡣
˳ָãɨɾá
ȫ׼ˣӣץһӻǿ飬ָɴֳһݴĺһСġ
˪һţȥľҡ
ڼһЬףӣӭ
ӣһǿ黨ûһϤˡ
ӣչ棬˵Ҳʮ硣
ǸǴԺ٣µȻҲ٣㲻õĴ̫Ӧʶģ̫̫ӣϱŮüˣҾͲȥˡ
ſǼǼ˿٣һˣĸһСүǷǰķԱ˰ѹӣ˸Žܿ岻ã˺֮ͲȥɻˣˣȫҶָܿĽʦʹӡ
ӣʱˣһҲʡ͵ĵݡ
һӣҲ°Ժ˽߰˰ˡ
ɴʣµһСֽҲݳȥˣҸ˪춼Ҫʼϰ࣬컹ȥϤһΧĲվվͲԺයˡСԣǾߡ
ЦĲãúúãǿȥɡ
ӣ˪ͳţ˵гȥ˹ӪԷ⡣
·ӣ͸˪߶ǴԺҶȥˣͿʼϰ࣬Ҳˡ˼񻰵ĺܣһӺֺýŵĲͳԶϱĹʡ
ǸܿȻӣӡ󲻺ܺãԷȻܱôһѪҲװ
Ҿ͸鷳ˣǼڲҲң̫Ǹ˿žͲദǲҪˡ
ӣĹ۵ףǾǹӵģϵھӶϲˡ
Ӿˣ˭ʲôܿ
ʱ˿̣һ׵ӣȥöأ
ⲻĵ˽ǣ϶Ҫϻ̳ϿֵģԺ˴ùϵСϱͲڳû˵
ͷҲڵȣܿ۾˼ңﶼһ֪С˶ϱӣҲҲס
ǲöϱΣǾĲúơ
Ȼأ߶һ죬ûӣš
Ѿͷһҵžͳȥˣǲҵھӿˣ
ڼָɣϱҲͬ顣
ӣ˪ڳε˴죬ϲŲؼҡ
˵ЦĽ˴ţŻõϹ˶°ʱ
ԺסĶǹӪģſΪ˹ΨһĹ˾ʦĶϱҺҶԵǹӪķ
ҴӵԴӱʦ֮󣬾ȥһСķϴ˹Ҳϴ˹Ƿʱ
ҴӱҲڷģ˻˹ȥ޳ڲվСϱҴĹ׳칫ҡ
Ҫ۹ȻҵãʽҲվ׳ǶʵĵطʲôһҳԵˡ
СӣҺӶ࣬ߴߴֻһкһŮϴҵġ
ӣţӵĴԺ˲䰲һ˲䣬ſȶ
һӣʿˮһЦиӣк
ͬ־ͬ־ɣɲŮòġ
ǸǵİɣһǵģܿӣϾɼǶµġ
ӣӦһãô˻ûأ
һתҶϱأҲˣ˰໹Ҫ
һڴԺװĺãӣͲôˡ
Ŷϱϰ࣬㲻
ӣ⻻˸֣أá

Ǻûôֵֹġ
ӣҲ˪ߡ
Ｑˣͬ־
ӣŤͷţ
Ĳ˹ֶİܳ𣿡
ӣû£ŵס
ӶҪɳˣǿȻǸԼҵģ
ѵǸǸ˵ģ
Ѿ̧°ͣϱҲĴӵվſڣӣ͵ϡ
ӣĿбӣֱӸ˪⼸ǰ߹˳˸к
ּŭȵվס
Сӣǰˣôô֪
ˣǴԺ˵ӦʶҲһЩڰɣˣ˵ҲԼ˭˭ѧģ
ôһ⣬һˣɱģô
Ϊʲô͸ԼԼҶأþöûˡ
ң
ĲУ˿ڶ࣬ûˡ
ӣ۾ֱƿҪҪĻͱǴԺҪˣôҲȥҪ
Ҹãԭϲ˼ҪҸհûʣҴˡ
ӣ˵һָӣӾҪ
վģҪǲúùǾȥӵλʣλôˣھҪԡôˣѵûˣһҪҪ£û۲ĺڵģ͹˼Ҫ⣬˼ʲô͹˼Ҫ⣬Լ׹Ůһ⣬㻹˼Ҫ
Ŀ죬͸ǹһͻͻһ
һͨ˼죬ﳶŸ첲Ҫȥû°Ķʡս̫ǿֱӰļϱŵˡ
ɲܽϲȥ
Ժֹ֣ʵλϾѿˣ
ϱϽվԹԺݾ䡣
۸ˣ˼ھӹôûëǮϵʲô۸˼СᣬҪ
ϱܻؼңһڣӣ˪Ǻɫ
Ǳ´ˡ
ֻ֪˪ǵӵģ֪˪ʦģҲ֪ӣҲйȵ֪ˣҲôˡ
Ȼ¶û˵ﻹ֪һģǰΪ˳¶ϣԲűʦˡ
ʦ˵ǰݣڶӦ˼Ȼû˵ӵʦƽǶӵܲʣʦʲôֱ
ƫһ಻壬ǳʦȴ͵εʦ
ӣл˪гſڣ˾ͽݡ
ӣ˪ǳﰡΪɣ
˪ȥס¥
ӣɵʦˣûҲУס㣬ƽֵģĿҲչʦ˵ˣס¥ѵû£Ͳ¥ԼĳûУ㵽ʱ¥⣬͵һȺ˵ɣ
˪ӣһͨȻŻͷʣôԣ
ӣһתԸཷ˿һͰ棡
ҲΪ˿·¹Ϳһ£涼
Ķ뵽Ϊ⻹һأ
˪˹һͣʣµľ͹ཷ˿
ӣڱ֡
˪ʲôûȶ֪ˡ
Ҵ˷Ŀ
裬Ҫ⣡
Ҫء
ҪҪ⣡ҾͲ

ԶҶԼƺҲǺڵϴҪ⡣
һԺĻ˼ңҶڡҵĺû
ȻžˣӣţǸġ
ҵСϱhҸ͵ΣɱƴǣҾ׳ϰģҲϣܶ˲ζӦղָμɡ
˵겻ɷ˵ӣҪߣӣϽ˺סʢһС
ɩҲƴǣǳģû˼ˣ󻹵ö鷳ء
h׳ˣϲľл˵ˣûѼ͸Իؼҡ
ҵޱͲˮˣһǸ˵ȥġ
۴Ժ˸ġ
һСģ﷢ײҲմմζһԣ
ǼҾûгĹأȻҲܳԶʳ
ֳӣǱߵζð
͸hһ붫ؼңĿڱơ
ǼҴڵѾ˺üȦѵضɾˡҲ֪ţӣҲ
СϱƢء
Сƣ󱦰еĻ͸󱦵һ뼦ɡ
ܿһݣҪ⣬µƱͻ˰ѵƾձƱ
ѾʮĴ󱦻ڹҪ⣡
죬򡣡
󱦲֣ܿʵڱסˣƾ͸Ӽ¡
ԳԳԣۼûǸʲô֣ʮˣ㻹֣
󱦱ˣֱӰһȺӵĺ޸ѹȥ
ܿĨȥˡ
󱦱̷޵ֱá
ԹĿŶϱıӰӶ˵ǸЫӣǸŮˣǲáﰡû£Ҫб£϶ٶٸԡ
󱦱˵ҲһߺޣܿӰ
ܿѲʢˮĳײ˺Ͱ趹ʱҲˡ
Ѿɫһį𣺡СưԲ㡣ҲڶԲ㡣ҪҸģҲڹӡ
ܿ߸ͷ˵ˣаֺڳԷɡһˣƽʲô
úúãﲻ˵ˣǳԷ

ҵļСڴ޹ֻ֮ζԷ
ӣͰԵĻ͵ζԵټһ˪ԼĴͣζӱ
ཷ˿ҲóԣͰһСཷ˿ֱӸϣԺ
˳ӣá
治Ҫھٸ£Ǿͳ⡣
ǺǣΣҺҶҪԼˡ


87 
һ޻, ڶһ磬ӣ˪ˣҴϴԷ
һϰ, ɲܳٵ
˶Լ֤, ϿĽţ֤Ӱ˵Ķ˪ӣϹһˮɫģָץһ
ô, ȱʲôٴȥ
ͷһ쵽, ˪ǲ, ȥʦг¶һְӦϹĲŻȥ
ӣͲһˣȥǳ, İĵλͻ, ˪±۸š
¶ڱϵ˪׼һȥϰ, ˪߶߶ĸһ, ¶ʱһ
ϱ۸˰
Ϊ֪, һǰԺڣҵǼСһֱ޵°ࡣ, ϶ǸӰСˣһӾͱ˻ȥ
һʰ, õĵѾͷͬ°ɣ
˪, ӣ˪Ǵ˾ÿ, ˪һϱ
ӣ, ûµģϽߣϰȥ
˪ϵΧãʳóԣҪǳԲ߾ͻ˵ǰ׼С°ֱȥ꣬˷ٻ
¶һ˼顣
ӣ˸СۣҪҺܽһʳöԸһҲûɶ˵ˣʳõķҲһġ
ǳĹӪˮƽڲĺװɣ
ĺףӣҲһ̡յµλ͸⣬뻷ѽ
˪Ҫ˵ʲô¶Ѿˡ
˰ڣˣ
鷳ŲԸһӣ
һߣ˪г߳ȥ˴ſڵ
Ŀ˸ϰȥ
ӣӦһ
С渣ãϱȥϰ࣬Сء
⻰лľӣôˣŰͳˡ
Զˣ̾
СϱðѿأϱŰ˵ˣ˸ͷʵá
ţǵðѹϵԺǼҶĲôŪʱͺܲ㡣ͽģϸڴԺȥ̫ˡ
Ȼӳˣ˵ǻиĸ¡ͷиǲģԸʲôĻǷ㡣
˻ȻСϱȥϵ
һյҵģҲûǿҲúƵġ
һһװģɨء
һСƬأɨ˵һСʱ
ڼŴɣֱһڣռûģӾϴգ
ֵĸɻϱⲻͷ
ѧȥˣСĺڼңһڵʱϱĲɵĿźӣһûһĸϵĻ
ûһϱ״˵Ͽ޵ɤӶˣҪ
һ˵ϱˣëҲˣǰЩ컹չҪӶˮ
˦ǳԶʳûţ
ϱ˵ǣԳԳԣ֪ԣۼô༦ɤ˾ͳԼۼҵļٹǳԣ
ǵ۾ϱһȦָңҿûô༦ιǡԼԼǮֵĺе£˵զһȥ
СϱװһӣⲻǺû˵ˣڱСǣڲ֣ҪǸɩһͺˣѧˣ߾һСģʱҲɡ
⻰˼̫ȷˣϱһҲȥⲻǰһӹ⻹ûȫأܲܰѺȥɻɣҪǳɶ£ӵøּܣ
ޣһɻŲأ
ͷƫСϱģϱĻһ͸ǹһʼཡ
㵱˭ϹأȥˣСӷܽ㵱ʲô£ҲˣȥھȥҽֵȥҪϣͿʼҺֽУ
ϱһһۣСϱЦЦ˵
ΪԼѹ˴ϱ־ĳȥ׼緹
̵ЦЦǺǣϴǼһץʵϼĻ󲿷ֶɵġ
ԼͲһˣǼⶼϱģܿǮָɻ
ҡҡͷϱ˵һ緹ȥԺаɣ
ԼҵԺӾˣҾġҪ˲ϻӿ϶ҪֵһŸɣʱ򻹲Ǯ
ƴɩӦɰ
ǼӣһѧУһжˣæһ
ҲϲԺţǴϸȥš
˵ӣߣȥԼԭܲܽҲԼ»֪ѹǳ˵Ρ
ڳµĻȫϵͳȻڳ˹ǾһҪڵ
Ͳ㷢ͱ
ûͱÿǵǮ򲻵ģΪƱƱ֤㷢Ҳòˡ
ӣҲͰˣǩһ飬ԼҵլغͷӵĹȨдס
ɲȵԼû꣬µķӺլٱռˡ
Ƿӻٴء
䶨˹ͽҽҵĸˡ
ӣͬ־·ֵҽҵģӣͬ־ǰǹĳŴҲΪҽġ
ͲСʮ꣬ͷ͹ˮһԺžֲЦˡ
ӣ˸кԼ
Ҳû˵ʲôֱӴҽҡ
Ҫô˵ͷ˶ǵأӪĴǲĳʳöкüǳΪĹӪǧ˵ĹģʲôС
ƣҽңʳã㡭
ǰѹ˵ϲճȫˡ
ӣһ·򻰲࣬·Ͽĸ֣ҲǷĵԺ
ǳıƣǱƣǳʲô鶼ǽġ
ӣͷϱӴʹˣ˵֪ĹӪıʱǳеɳáµĵһӦҳȥ
Ȼ˿ӱڹӪıƹҲǺġ
ӣһȦѳӴ󲿷Ϥ֮Ŵصҽҡ
ǳҽڳ츽һС¥¥ƣһ¥ҽҡ
Ŷٶƽʣ¾һİ칫ҡ
ӣ˰칫ңŰ˸ˡ
һһܣǳĴĸŮŮͬ־Դͬ־ߵǻʿСźСշԱСѣɹСܣʵϰҽС
ӣ£˵ȻüǣǸû⡣
ҽ͵ģŸ󣬵Ʋʲôͬͨͨĳࡣ
ʿͶ󣬹ʮûСĻʿŸҲ֪ǲݹϵ
ǼСᶼеģҲһഺһȻĻ㣬ʮְֻһӡ
һʵϰҽСӣӡʮ̵̣ԭǣλҽڿԼ˲̧°ͣͲֱдϡ㡱ĸˡ
ӣҲܿλСҽļҾӦǲ
ϴһһͺܹı״͸·ҲһǺɫëϡ
Ҫ֪ͷëҲǺѵãõëϾǸɲͥһֵܷƱ˵ôĺɫˡ
ӣת˰ٸ䣬̾Ϳ˴
Ϊǳҽңλ⼸ҽǲð˵ģϾȱģ濴ûŵλϣǲǵűϴǾٱ
ĻʿλͺڸλǾһɫˣҲǼ˰취Ūġ
ڳۻеҵ׵Ի칫ҵвˡ
ӣЦи˴кСҽҲͺĻ
ӣʽʽʲô
Ǿʹûʲô⣬Ҫڳɵϵġ
ȻûҪԡûϵúദȥˡϾҪͷ̧ͷüʮġ
ʿȻǱȽϸ˵ģҽұŮԾֻСҽԼСҽǿǡһͲҽҲܶ顣
Сҽ
ʿСԲԲǳϲϲ࣬ӣһλãǿŴġ
ӣлԼİժղŷֵİ״Ҳóϡ
˰״ӣӣִӶһСţһŰֽѶץѷ档
ҸյԺҪ̴ҶæˡǴ졣
ӣֱӸǷŵм䣬СѾİһСҽĻǰóԡ
ʿСͷҲֺǺǵųԡ
ӣҲȥš
ӣǲǣȻǴãҲѵˡ
ҽûһͷָɾϵҽӣҲɫ
Ψһɷ羰ġ
ƨ
ʵϰҽС˸ۣ˦һ仰ﳤȥ
ʿСŴҳǱӵĵطҵС󡣻ʿС۵һ˿ϲĬĬ˵
ҪԲӣͳˡ
С˵˭أզ䲻һͳȥˣĸƨȥˣ
򣺡
Ҳû㡣
ӣһ޹ҲŸСһֱ𣿡
ôʣһֱս𣿡
򣺡
ãһү


88 
ӣ⻰һ, ʱ칫һ󰲾
Ȼ󡭡
͹

˶̲סЦ
ɲôֺģɲս͵һ, ȥը칫ҡ
˵, Ҷûͻ
ΪȻƽʱǲмڸЩͷͻġһֱû칫ҵĳܡ͸ղһĹö˦һ仰ߣʾԱ˵Ĳмһˡż߶һЩñ޴졣
զ׷ȥ
ӣŲܽʲôСƢ, òõ, , ǵҵĸҽ֮һ
͵ˣԼƢѾˡҪܣ
˵ˣͷϴĵλȵģӪＶߵļܸ, ˭ǵú˭ˡ
ӣ̬, ¹ܱô룬ǸƢƽڰ칫ҲôϽ
һ, ²Ƣ, ճûˡ
ӣ, һȥƱǳʳڲƱ, Ȳ࣬Ӧһ, ʳ, ʳúСʳáСŴ㶼ȥ
׻˵, ˵˵ĻĹؼղӣȤ, ɹԼ˹
ҲǽƢ̫ˣһ칫Ҿûˡ
ӣЦŴӦ򣺡ɣ绹ܴųԡ
СŸˣƽʱҲǺϲԶģÿʳþҲԣǸҲԵģԥһ˸飬˵Ĳˡ
һϰ࣬ӣҪϤҽңҩƷҩࡣҽҵĲ̺ͼ¼
ĥ磬㲥ǹĸСžȲӣһȥ
Ǵʳõʦĺһֻȥ˾ʹˣ
ӣһҲϽ
ڳԵĵ·ϣԥɶǶʳĲء
Լ·иСһҽңʶʻûߵļΪɶȥʳá
Ҳ뿪ʿСԷɣø˵ЩźϺź
Сûԥõģùá
ˣСҲžӿ˿·Ҳˡ
Ű칫ҵŮͬ־꣬ʹҲһȥģȥķҲǴʳá
ߵСѺСܡ
칫߸ɾˣʱһ䲡徲Ľˣӿյ춼ˡ
ޣ
ǶڲˣЩȥԷԼ
ĳţְҽҴŴˡ
ӣСֱʳãʱѾǺƺƵ˳ӡӣСһǰһӽĩóᣬСŸӣ˼ҳ
ҽȣȥֵҽҵġʮ꣬ҰְǳģҰְ߼ǯǺڵġ
ӣʱã׼ҵ׵ɣĲᱻƭ
ҵڰ칫Ҷ˵ˣʮѾüˡ
һ棺ɷǳ𣿡
ͷ˫ְҲһλġǷһλˡԼһǳģ˵ˣҲ÷ַӡ
ӣҡҡͷǣǱĵλģġ
ȣԺõģǴ𣿻ʲôˣĸϵģڼ𣿡
ӣûԺõģǣĺܶ࣬ϵ㣬ڼҲϰ࣬͸Էֿˡ
ĽˣҲҸţҰ˵ˣӲСںһ췹ˣؼҾҲԣҸӺҲûãһһҪǺܿҳӶá˵㳤úãԺҲֵġҰ˵ӶӴ֣˲ÿ
ӣҲûкܲÿ
ʵû˪һ¡Ҫһʱ˪ֻװT̨ȥĺӣ·²ְҵˡҶԳӵĹӡ󶼸ǳ¶ģֶնյһɽ˪⼸ɿƵĺܺá
ӣԺһ˪ֵ֮ӡ
˻
˵ˬġ
ȸСȸһ˵˰죬ȻͻȻعɫ졣
ҡû˵ҪҪ
˾һľɲסʲôࡣºˣҪ½Ѹˣ
ӣǺƻˣüš֪ĵġ
ᵥСﶼҰ˵˵һǼͥҸСŮڸ˼ƽϡ
ȱӣֱۣá
ӣ̾Ǻܺãɿˡ
ȣΪʲô𣿡
ӣ㿴ǰ档
ǰŴ˵Ĵɫơ
ȣ
Ҫһݻһݳײˣһͷ
ȺԼҪԵģѲƱݹȥ
ӣɨһۣҲҪһݻһݽӣһͷ
˴İѲ˿ӣݹķһڵĴͷݹ
ӣԼԲſͷ󣬲˾ҪһͷʹͷӪͷʵʵֵϹӪһ롣
ӣӹУȲ˵طԡ
û⣬յƱȴǻ˵ƱӣһûòʡΪڵĲƮһζǷ˲١
Ѿڣ˵ʳþˣӵײһҲǻˡһˣ˰ġ
ӣһ»˵ǻȴ˲ˣײ˺Ͷܲͼû
е˼΢һЩķ͵ζġ
ӣһڣŵ΢ζزûͳζҲĺܡӣĳԳɫĲǱģһǷã𤲻ϡӵζ΢
ȣó԰ɣ
ӣһڻһڴͷóԣ
һ㣬ʵ
ӣãԼϰǿڴһµģٲ˪׼ˡ
˵СʳĶ
ӣ˸Ǳȥ·ȡ
ȸӣָһ£ߣʱ仹üȥСʳÿ
ȴӣСʳתһȦ˰ɣߵʳþģֻһĴڣû³Էĵط˷͵öҸطȥԡǳΪ˷ӰˣҲšڻòϣȵ¸֪ˣʱˣǳͣͣʱҹĸϲϴʳþͷĵɵɡ
ӣ˳СʳõĴɨһۣСʳĲζòã
룺ʱʱ򲻺ã֮ǰҳԹΣöһ㣬Ҳͬ˵żкóԵġըóԣ̵ģȳˡ
ӣ˿ڿˮϣ㵽찡
ȣǰɣҲϲ죬һǼҾͳͿѺ¯ϣǼȥ˸СŶ¯ӣֱӷ棬ҲڡƤһӲӲóˡͭ裬ȣͷŵˣ̸ĵļͼӵ㣬Լȶһ¾ͳԣɺóˡ
ӣߴߴʱļ䣬˲ļҳ̣ȻҲ˵²
һֱҽˣȻδ
ӣȴͻȻ𣺡ˣҵ¯ôѽ
ղ˵СŶ¯ӣҲһ
쿾׺Ҳ㡣
¯ĻҪƱһ칫ʣ˭иԣġҪǻ͵¸£ʱʺһ¡ƱţӦ
ӣͷҪ˵ʲôͻȻҽſΧһȺˡ
ƼӣȹһȺ˾ظ
ǻˣԿ𣿡
ûӣΪҲ֪ӣһԿ׶ûأʲͷϡ
ҡҡͷû
һ־ӣˣĶ˵Կס
ʱѾʮµף˶źףԷʱȥԷģֻһ߱ë¡
һĲᡣ
ഺСѶ˭ߵʱ򲻴Կ׻ţ
ŭһţҶıǣֻһ䡣ղųȥʱ򲻾ãڶĸ
СܲˣղųԷʱҶߵ磬ߵľСѣСָɣ˵˭أ
Ҹǰţ칫ҲûˣҴš
ӣԹۣһ칫ңΪнһͷԵúŮͬ־Ƚ϶ࡣһͬ־Ҳͦɶ𣿾̵ġ
򣺡ҪǶûһ˺ڰɣñԿ
ӣһ򣬹ֲ˼ҵͷͷأĹ˦һ֡
һȺ˶ĸһʲô˭û°Ƚȥ˵
ָСȥڣֺǺСȥˡ
ӣȸղ˵ˣںڵġƻȥҪء
ʱ򣬽ˡ
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ˣǣҽҵˣһ㲥ͶæȥԷÿ׼ʱǳԷ°ɣҪһߣѵҽҶˣһ˸ţǴ˼Լأ
ʱɫÿˣһ۳ԹԴ
ղʱˣԴֵ࣬ҪȱԷСʱôԴԿףԴ˵ԼϲģԲˡ
ƫƫҳ
ԴûҲʧȥָ𽭴
ſ϶ǽϵģҲΪԴְء
˵ˣȴ˵ȥ˵ľҽҵ˶Ծ°̫
ӣžͲһ仰
°಻˼⡣
˵¹˵£²۱°̫
ӣ룬ҪȥҽԺΪľƽ
˵ˣûв˵ģ⻹ȥʱԷˣ
ӣһ仰ҭסӦըˡ
˵ʲô
ӣͷ̾ҪǸֻ綼߸ˡ
˵°಻˼⡣
㡢˵ʲôأǶǳĹˣĶӦôΪһУô¿ôۣӦǾҵҵ湤ҽҿЩʶǹǰ£ʲô°಻˼⣬ǿʶ˼⣡
ӣ˵ֲ꣬˵ҽ˵ĺܶԡҪ㼸㡣˵¿ۣ˵ʱ°Ҳ¿۰ɣβ˵ģΨһı׼ѵñְҪԷʱ°¸ҵҹǲʵġҪǰ˵ǲ°಻ԷžǿΪӷ㰾ϼ죬ͱ˵Ǹ˿ˣԼˡҽģԼ彡ֺãôںʵʱ򷢹ⷢȣ
ҽ˵˵滻㡢Ǹ˼룡Ƿ⽨ɡ
ӣҽҪӲĿñˡһû˵أðʱ°಻ã˼Ҫһϰ˵滻һҪ˵ʱ˼أֻʱҲŻѹʹ޲ܹסڳҹͣĸɻǳһΪİɣô㻹ҪԽūǣ
ձӣҵĿڶˣӣһʱ˼룬ѹס
ôҲ벻һҽȻûԼһ˵ˣȻдʵķ
ղòһ䣺Ҳ˵ˣŤͷߡ
ӣʼ磬ͣ˼˿ñӣ
ǸСϲˡ
ӣһֱ֣Ӱȫҽҵ˶ˡ
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ӣ䣺˽ǵζҲأҪܶ͸óˡ
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칫ҵ˿ǰŻڸǹһཱུӣȺɫ
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ӣҽҶȹһ죬һֱȵ°࣬ûصҽ
ǰԥӣ˵һ¡
ǳֶŮ
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Ҳǣҽֲ齭ܣֶŮҽҿԣ⽭ܲ浱Լҽϴɣ
Դյ̬ȡ
ӣ˶׼°࣬г˳°ߡ
ϰ໹ûоһϰ;õͶ
Եˣӣöǰ󱳡
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ӣ߳ӣҪг뿪
ȻȺпһӰ
۾š
ǱǸűƵĹװģԾ


89 
ʱ˿̵Ծ, ӣеԾܲһ
̼ǵϴ棬ԾǸӣǵ
ȻǺ꣬ޱ߷, ǸʱԾڶӣʱ, һԼûԽС
ӣԾĻ棬ǲԾǰԼҲһԭӣֻҪŪ䣬ȥҲȥ
ԾҲôġ
ӣûס
ʱӣԼƺǲԭһЩ
ԾһԹ
ԹԾֳԼûвĸ߸ʱ, ﵽ˶塣
ӣһ㶼, ԭԹҲû, ùһӣ˿ʣ˸ˡʵĸӣͱĨɱ
, Ķôõģʹ¶ûŵסԾӺ, ԭϱӵ֪
ӣŲԶ·մգͷ, ά°ſԾһۡ
Ǻ, Ҳ֪, ûһڼҰĸŮˣԷƺҲô
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ӣСгһ·ɳ˹Ӫꡣ
˵ǳͷĲԶ, ·Ҫʮ, ﳵֻҪ߷ӡӣﵽ, ſһͣͽȥˡ
Ҫô˵سķ, ϷسǷһϾֵòˡ
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Ծﷳ꣬ȴҲ֪ⷳ꾢óŶͷ˾Ц쵼˵öԣҽɶġ˼ŮѾڵˡ
ƿƳһĴȣ˵Ͻȥ˵ˣ̸Ժ󰲰Ĺӡ
ԾϽӦһʰ˳š
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ԾüģһθԼܷ
ߵüѰѺƲݼҡȵڲӰһٻѾºˡ
ʱ䣬Զһ
Ծҵǻ˼Լľ˼ң˵ĺúõģһ¸ʮ壬Ѻտ顣Ծʱ򻹻ȥƤֵ˵˼Ǵ֮ʲô¶ӱϾǵֶٿЩ
Ծû뵽ֲֵܣʶһ䡣
˼Ҳûôƽͣһʮ壬ǷڳﶼǴ´ˡԾҲԾŵĺܺãϾֻҪǮˣӲǼ򵥵
ɵȵԶȻûûȴԶԶǰð֡
˼˵ǺԾڴʹ֪֮˼ҵʮ飬˾˿˿۵Ȼ࣬˰ǮֵܼҡɩϾ۵ǣǮȴǰ
˵ûּңǮϵҲ
ʮ飡
һʮ飡
Ծ벻ԼǮˣ˾˼ҳֲݡɩ֣һңһֳܡ
ԶĻһʲôǺԻˣǵҪ˵ĻӳĬ
̶£ԶһӾͱƣԾְֶˡ
Ծˣȴû֡
ʮԼļֵۣͷѾ˺ûǸܡ˼ҳֹ鳳֣ҲûڳԴϿ˿ۡ
иĶ˵
ԾϱӣΪæԶŮĽ϶˲ϡҲǲܣÿλصﶼҪ̸ģʱԶɰ
ͺְ֣Ҳڳ࣬ؼҾ͸˲裬߶߶˵ԼѧУѧʲôżӷҲǶӣǵðѺӽ
ԾһֱΪӾô򵥣չ˳ԴжѣѹؼĽͷ򶼶ˣһֻøĲߣչ˺úӵͿˡ
ԶѧҵʱԾΪѧҳ̨ԣų̸ýɷãΪҳСӡҵҡ
ԾôҲûԼȻһỳԼΪĽʽ
Զ֮ǻһʱȥֺӡã꣬ô¡ԶͲˣѾˣ꣬ͷ۵ʱ
Ծô嶼òһ
Ծʱ벻ףϱԶôʡģΧЩҵɹģûһҵĶԾһЩ棬Ҫôէ֮˼ȡķһ˫ŮԶ̳мҵ˵ܿذͼͳǡ
ϱ߾ͺܺãΪʲôⱲ⺢ôأ
ԾµʰһӣԼ˵ˮˮͷ
ȻԶźȥˡ
ԾԼһͰ಻סڵƢԶ
ԶȴûɫӴҪٸҺ裬ҾҲˣ
Ծ̣һʱƷ
Զв˭أӵֵõܣ
ԶۿһˮҾ͹ܣҪҺ裬ҾߣͲҸãҸŮ˽飡ɣ֮ͲҰְˣ
ԾţؿڶˣŮΪʲôΪ
ԶŲǣΪԼǰҵĺΪԼûʹңҵĺأҲҪҪۡ
ᵽ̫ԾŭһӾͱ˴Ӷ彽͸
ԶۿޣѾԾҲ֪϶һѶ͵
˵㲻Ǵ˵¡
ԶѾʲô֪ˣҪޣ۾޵˺ѷΡ
ԾɥУȰˣŮҲŶһڿޡŵϱҲ֪ڼĸԴĶȱһΪڵŮˡ
ԾͷѾһˣԤҵѹûпչ
ϱһ飬ȥǹ硣Ⱳһ꣬ӸĸλȴֻǳƺһСĺڲѡ
ԾˣӪ޵ĸףǶһӰ졣õĵλٸˡ
ӪҲȡ˷ַĸֻҪתҵصطܰѱת䣬õλһСӡ
Ծ֪Ѿûתֻλǳơ
СĺڲȻУԾ֪ȵԺſߣЩСᵹգǴڸ֮š۵ǳڶʮƳɹ˳ı
ƽ̨Ҫ
Ծ룬ȥ˹磬ǳҲܿԼϱ֪ջᡣ
ˣһҪͬ´ùϵɵƵĿƳ˿ƳܽӴǳ쵼ˣʱԸϱһЩ쵼ȴùϵȻٸԼȥʵȨš
ʵȨŻܵȵţܵһºһɳ졣
ãʵȴܹǸС
һ࣬ȴǣûиϢʱʲôͬ¹ϵʲôְƳ
Ծ֪ôȥҪƸӳְλϡ
еҪһŮˡ
ԶһϾھӹš
ԸӣʲôأɱǴ˰ɣɱΪ˵С¾ͶְСӺͺˡ
ԾţǿһЦлھӣ˼ˣͺ塣ˡ
ɶҾºӿ޻ɤӡ컹ѧأٿ޲ӹ㽪ˮɱٶְ
ԾŰӦ£ߡ
Զһθ㣬֣´һ㡣
Ծ˺ݻôãҲ̹ˡ˶ӣֺʰ¼һĨϵ·ӵ¨׼ȵĩϴ
ԶԾѵõ澯סˣûٿޣŵĲ˵ǿϴϴͽţ˯ˡ
ԾҲ˳ž¡
˯ҹԾԽ˯Խȣһơ
ԶѾյ˶Ժˡ
ԾʧɫϽȥھӵš
ھӳһƣ;ԹԣʮŶˣǲûιˮϽģҽԺ
Ծ˴¾ʹŴԶȥҽԺھҲģϽȥϼϼԸȥۼҵг
ԾϽлھӣԼԶȥҽԺ
ˣھӲ̾Ϣһš
ԼҵӰǹϡ飡
ӣԴ˽֮ҽҵԽˮ
µһģҪ룬ҲҪ֪㲻ǡ
ӣ˳ĴﵽĿ꣬ɹÿвûŵĺӡ
ĽĲˣҽá
ʿȻҲǳкܶϲҽԺҩõҽҵʿԵЩתҽͺܲһˣǳԱ֪Сҽң󲡶ֱȥҽԺҽҵĸҽ󲿷ʱ䶼ŵġǿҲͷȸð֮Ĳ
Ǹð߷ڣĶǴƨ룬ͷҽˣҩͲùˡСҪ˹ҵƿҪ˴ģѵ¡
ӣ䣬ָһС˪Ƥɹһɨƣ˶Ԫˡ
ӣã
һʱദҲʦͨĺӣˡ
ӣЦеĽƺ۽ƳСܲ˵ӡ
˵칫Ϥˣӣ˶Ϥ٣Ψһ̫ľǻʿС￴Ų˵żҸҲͦ˵ġ
ӣһ£иոģ
ӣӦһɤӾ͹ȥЩҲרҵϵĹӲڶ⣬в˹ѡ
ӣνȻϰ࣬Ǳְɵ͸ɵɣڰ칫Ҳɡ͸ɻһ
һͿˡ
Ծźӳ
ΪſڼԾӣٴԷѾ׼
ԾۿӣĽӹҽĲ
λͬ־˵һԼĲ飿
Ծ˶ˣ֮ǰʱӣҲ֪˳Ŵ򣬱Ͼϱ͹ĸҲǳŴŮĸҵʲô¡
ӣô
ôǵģôԼͬһ乤ģ
ӣ㡭
ͬ־ӣ˵ʹϵҽĶƽȵĶԴ˵ģϽģ˵顣
ϴԭһʶӣɲ㱻ԭʶƿˡ
ΪöҲ֪ԾȻĺܲ
˶˵ǰֻ꣬Ҫһ֪˭ˡ
ӣãھʲô˵Ծǿϸ߷ȻģѾ˰˰ꡣ
Ǻǣã


90 
Ծڿӣһ˲, ãȻ޴֮һϲġ
Ϊӣھ˺˪ƽ֮󣬸ı뷨ȻΪʲôǳҿԼһҲԾ
ǰԾδػ, ʱӣͷ, ҲҪһ£Ӧ
ڣԾȻⲻȥ룬Ҳ̲סԺ衣
ǾӣĴڣȷʵôһҪ
ӣ, Զܶ, ϱӼûӣôշӵ, ܹӶѧϰƷжûдëӣڣȫĵͶ뵽ֻҪһ, ѸԼҵиõĿͷӣ, һÿ°ͳȺķˣžиɾ·ӣڡ
ڿӣһɲ, ֮, Ծ˿, Ƽص⡣
û꣬ӣ˪ͻ, ˲͸ԭΡ
ӣǿණһͲдˡ
ͬ־, Ҫǲȳȥ, ҿ
Ծ, һųЦһ£ӣ, ҪװʶҪ𣿡
ԼҪմһ
ӣЦһ⻰˵ģû顣ҪĽý޸㣬԰ɣýýôˣ˳ɣ
˻ûңĿ࿴ӣֱӰԾıɫ
ԾɫѿǱһȭű˵һ䣺ӿǰЩ췢գסһԺû費Ҫ롣
ӣ˵£ܸ˵ϾǽȥˣԴǳϰ࣬Լĵڶλʷɥ޴ӵţɥֶ֮һӵǰޣ˵ȥ֮󣬱˵ǹѸˣٲˡ
ӣ仰ԾϿ־ͿʼԶ飬ԶҸ¼һ¶ȼơ
֮¹˵ûʲôˣٴ룬嵭㣬ԲġҲҪůⶳš
ԾӣʼԶ飬һ۲Ķӣ
ӣҵһԺӵĹذ
Ǻźӣȫ̶ǺƽӣԴԶûбֳκεġ
Ծó䣬ϱӣӣôĹĺӣԶϴѧ֮ӣÿܶͼηԶѧУûԺôáǵͷ꣬Ҳ粽ĸܾ飬ºίˡ
ѵЩ۰ҲǼٵ
뵽ϴӣԼһ䡰ѵҪȵʮҪӡʣԾԴҲ벻ס
ҲˣѾһˣΪʲôҪƽôࣿԼĺôҪҪҪһӣԶ϶ܵ˺İΪʲôô˽ֻΪЦɣͺ޸ݵķϱӵļȶ·ߣźúõӲһȻͬĵ·
ӣԹԵϴ̨ϴ֡ҲԾ˳ȥ
ӣ߳ңͽСӣԸʶ
ӣ£˸˵ǣ֮ǰý˵㲻졣
ɿû׷ʲô졣һ룬Ծԭȸӣý׹ȻӣղŸ̵Ĺý
ⲻӦǺܲˡ
֪ղǸŵգΪӣԾʲôء
ӣ۽⿴ԾԶҳ΢΢ɤţЩȥˣղҪԸʣҶû˵С٣Ҷû뵽ԸתҵǳˡɶԸҵϱ𣿡
򱳶ԾûԾûߣӣʻͻصûأ֮Ҳ˲٣ǰɡԵû
ӣЦǺǵģɲôԵֲ
ԾޱӣӣֱԶһԾŷԼѺӵ߬ˡ
Цһתź뿪
ԾôһŮô
ȻӣҪ·죬һߡԸ
ӳأͲҸӣõģ
ӣСذ칫ңȺˮļ϶Ծӣզôʲô𣿡
ɲǺ£˵ԴвԼ鷳Ĳã͸һ
أ˵ʳа׹ϳ⣬ȥɣ
񣺡ãҲϢȥ룬ȥ
ϰǹķɿ죬һתۣ͵
ӣ𴲣һӴ˻ȥ˺óʱ裬ڲΡΡ·
˪緹ݣһֻѩֱڴͷϽǰӣر
𣿸
ӣԵɵɣҪϰѽ
˪̾ҿǹͿˣϢʲôࣿ
һ仰ֱӣˣŶ첻ϰ࣡
˪Ұ·¯ӱߣů͵ٴ
ӣԴӱ̽ͷһë
ţ΢һˣҵøϽ𴲣Ҫһȥˮ˵վһѼ棬ҪЩӡ
Ҳǽ˳ǲ֪ͷΪɶ˶ھ࣬ΪżֱجΡ
ʲôϡվʲôʱӦ߲ˮú֤ôҵЩ˼תõķݶ
ⶼһ˽⵽顣
Ҳֵָÿζ֪ͨˣֻǸھǿڶഫϢ
ӣѿԼ˺·ȥʦƱҲùȥ
˪ҲȥɣȻ㲻á
ӣ㲻ҪȥȥĻҪȥˣ͵ŸǱ¨Ӱɣ
⵹ӣϹ˵ϴ͸Թˣ˵ǰŶȥÿζʹ㵹ûɶؼǴĶһ飬ͻһ𣬻ʱֶһˡ
ӣȰԱϻֱӾܾ˪ĸ档
ڼȥ磬ǼҵǸôŪģҿʦǱҲûУ˲ӲеģɢˡǽðǸҶ¯ӣӦýȡˣȡһǰѿҲͨһͨ͸ɡ
˪ӣţһ㶼ûв⣬ŰģȻֻصʡ
ʲô
ӣպС໹ɤۣ˵ʦɣ˵ʲôʲôǰǻشõǼ㲻ǻûꣿҪʦԲԿ
ź˼£ӣŸϽ¨ӺƱ֤šԺ˵徻Ϣջֵġ
͸һԺһѼܣɿݵһƬ֦źüˡӣһҵˣҵˣҵ˶ڣмģǸԺġµļ
ӣҲûкſںƴɩ߰ɣ
Ӧһϴϱһ
ſڵҲҲ¨ӳˡ
ӣһȦԺ쵫ŵĸŮӼˣϱҲܿŴϱ
ӣеƣȥˮô˰ɣ
һ£˵ʱǺ֣ܰûҹӣ鷳ġԭô
ȻĶӺСӻؼӣ˪ǷĴʦ
Դӵ˳¶ԴʦֶԶ֮ˡһ뵽˪ͳ˴ʦ
ԺⲻҪӪļңҪ쵼˰ɣ
ɲˣ˪Ϊ˸ϱٸԼӴСЬ
ӣСҲûɹۺ˵ĺۺĿҪ
ؼǣÿһ죬ٵ죬Ҿͻԡ
⣬ԺĺӶһһܸӣǼҸӣദ죬ſڶС
޺޵룬˿϶ǹģ
ƫƫȷʵסţҵĴڣÿζǿִȻ󻻻ضϱܿһᡣʱ䳤ˣҲˣޱͣ
ӣʣﲻǿڿ졣
ѽⲻǿҪײȥţ˾ܻ֪ͨ


91 
ײ, ÿ궼ĩʱҪ׼
һţǣҶæͿˡʡĵ˾͵ȥ
ӣӼ, ͷһξײ˵¡
ʵǶ٣
ô, ǶҪЩˡ
ײǰͷģǼСҪʮϡ
ӣ
ǼҲ룬С˵Ҳٽϡ
ӣ
һ۶ﶼ˵ǼĸһС, ٽﲻˡ
ӣ
ӣټ, ʵ⼸¹, ȻǮЩԺȶǵɹ˸ɣܳԵͷḻܶࡣǳԺȶǿʣȻûôѡ
ٽײ, ټ¨ܲ, ҼҽͲˡ
ҼҲ࣬⼸ͷ, ӣҹƲöڶ١ǻû, ڡӣ, ҵгðɣҪȻгã㿴ǼٽײҪҲ׵ġ
ӣЦ⻰˵, г϶Ҫõġϰûгɲءܿ㲻гǰܿ㣿㿴Ŷ˵ˣҪܿϰ, Ȼﲻ˰ײˡ
ܿԴӱ˪, ӣӺֹ, Ǽֱȥˡ
˪ĺÿ, Ҳͱ˲ôһɣ˪ӣЩˡ
ÿ˵ʲôʵĻתͷ˪Ǳ߾ͿʼóԵġ
Ҳûһֱ⣬Ͼ˭ҲûôƱ̣Ļ̫ˣ
ѷͣʱ򳴲ȫûͲ˵岻ʱڷϡͷͱۣߴ󱦾Ϳʼޣܿһߴһ˪ģǹӪĴأʮһûĵ˽
ܿڿ˪˧û͵˼ˣֻĿ
ӣﰵＷţܿ˲ͻ
裬ý˵гСʱȥѧУһˣȻǲѧ˽̱ӡģгˣڼã
ܿ˵꣬׸ӣһдԵãдҫ
С֪ܿۼҡ˰˱ӵĸ
ܿ裬Ҫô˵һˣ˵ˣҸڸ飬ӦڸһТ˳ġҿɲЩˣԼ˿˳Կ˲Т˳ǻһζûУԺҲòȥ˵ТΪȡ
㿴ǱΧһȦˣҪҪȥ
ӣ˵ǰȥˡ
˵̵ܿ˸
ҲϽϣϱѾȥ״ײˣֳС壬һܿһӣ϶ǸﰡܿǸ˵̵ľҲġ
ûܿϱںô˵ỰʹȺ
׻
ȺкȻһʮϺһףСϣŷ䣬ҡź«ɫĻ濾תĺ«Χٺ۰Ͱ͵ĶǸӣЩѾŶˡ
ӣϲʤϽԸԼĴϱ죬ȥ׵øӣҪҪ
ӣҪ鷳ɩ˪˵һҲ׼һס
ѵʽ׻ӣôܲˡ
ϽСҲǵҼңҼӵڼ˯أҪӺ
ƴɩӦһʱܿＷˡ
һҪߣҪҲ
˭֪ߵÿ죬ȺģﺰĻ֪ûôģѾûӰˡ
ӣһ˷ܵĿм䱬׻ĺ«ͷһɳŶ⺰ð
Ѻ«ӻ϶һϣõǼ鲼ϵģһ
ͷһŲҡڣһĸǥӵͲһһը죡
СǻһһƬİǵı׻ɢֽſС˵ͼ
ͷѳı׻ȺĴζı׻СǶ۲
˷һһë
һ˰Ѵı׻ڼϣĺѾСһ߲תˣ裬ҳԣҳԣ
ԳԳԣҪΪӣڻ˷Ǯ𣿱ˣȥٳԣ
߶߶ĸԶ̾Χ
˸ˣ
ӣ°ȻⳡмͷѾﵹˡ
ܵÿ죬ʱͻˣ׵ףԼޡ
ΣҪ
Ӷģϱ߰껹ûԼ˶ҲЩߡһ˵׻ͷҪ
ǸСкСǸ¡
ĴȾͲˣ裬Ҫ׻
Ҳ͵ͷ㣬ƽʱǸСβͣĶŸ硣
ҲҪ׻
ɣÿźӵȱ׻Ǽȥˮ
ǼҴզûСղſǼҴ𣿰ϸղҽŸҴ㶼û
ЦЦ˵֮ǰǸģǽôûУҪҵ棬Ǹ˻Ҫߴߴᡣ
ûҴﵱȻͲԸٻǮˡ
Ÿһһ׻ʱֵʱԼմáԼ˷ֱһ˰ɡ
Ŷӱ׻żߵӦѼӵĸʳƷ꣬ʱѾļ½ˡ
ȴɿ˻࣬ϣӦ򵽡
⿰ȴһĳ棬ɹӣջѼͰӡ
ռĴϱˣϽģ˼ײˡ
ȥ˺ϱ죬ܻͲҸط˵
ɲôΧŶ⻰ѾǲߺȿˣϽؼøʳײˣ
ӵĵŶԷ
죡
ӣͷתĸŴ󲿶һ·СܻؼңȻ˪һȥײˡ
гˣǰԼҵһٶײ˻
ӣڴϣص̾
ĺ۰
ɶҪ
˪ﻹһϹϣʦ˵ϳԿ㣬ҪԸƟhϹϣüﻹѼ
ӣһã
ϹжΣƳˮķۣ¹ըһ顣Ѽ鳴ĭϹз
ӲӵϹɳ̵ƣڸܣˣϹһģϹŴ𡣽һ̿ڣӣ԰Ρ
һĹȥӣͰˡ
ڴԵɵɿ˪ײûؼҲֱӴԵģҪһĴ
˪ȰѴײڷĲ˰ˣȥҶȻӹ͸һٶŻãӣżһ̽ͷң̲סզˡ
ٶĴײˣʮ׳ۡ
ҲضãҶſһײɽ
ԺΨһֶģֻкԺһ˳ԱȫҲĳ¶ˡ
¶һ۵Ŀ㣬ʮֱͽܵΪɶһ쾡԰ײˣҪ̡
ӣЩһѾ⼸ദҲΪɶ¶ôڸͶˡ
ͷء
Ǯ˶ͻ߰˰ˡ
˲㣬ϺиѰƱʳƱһͱŻںԺԼԵġ
ӣʦһ㡣ˣǲôܸЩɽˡ
ӣ͸˪ġ
ǰЩ㣬Ϊ¾Ͱɽ˽Ҳ˵̽ף㶫ȥ֡
˽˳ǣʱϾʹղؼһ˾ʹһѵĶ쳤վòýɣ
˶תɳлˣһ˾ٱˣ͵ö
ûͶѹ̫ܵϣ鵽˾˶ﲻһһλ˶أһ˾һλӡ
¶λû˶ǲС
¶˼ûˣ죺֪Ͳˡ
һǣȻܾԵͽˣǮͻȻͽˡ
ӣˣ£ҸѸ϶ˣҲʡ
¶һֱãӣúø¡
¶ݣòÿ춼ֻذɣ
϶Ҫ˪ʦͽϵˣ
ӣġ
¶ŴԴȡ
ӣȴ˪һۣ٣ʹͷʳˡ
˪ڷ꣬Ҳܶ
ĵǻĽŲĳ磬Ȼͷ濪ʼƮѩˡ
ӣֹҲ֪ǲѾ·ˡ
֮ǰѾȥˣȰ̫̫Ǿֻܾ˵¾ͺܺáзһԱߴӵҲʱʱ··ġ
·һһ·ʱʮء
سǵʱ̫͸Ǵ˺ôһӵļдʮ
˪ӦѾˣǴÿֻҪѩͻѩԵʲô
ӣһʱܾöĿ죬ʱҹ˯˯Ŷ֪ǲΪԼˣԵµĽָܻӰˣ⼢̶ȱմǻ
ɣ
˪ģ
~
˪һ٣ӣ˵ŴŴļһβ˪һЩʱ򡭡
Ҫһɰ~
̫ļ̫ˣӣ𼦵һ㶼ʡš
˪һӰЩæҡ
˪ԼĺΪӣᰮɴһϣһÿϸʱ䣬ֱһһڵľͺ㡣
ӣ˪ʱָ˲٣Ƿţ˿ǼӺ͵ṩУ廹˪˼ַ
ӣڵ룬ͳϳһ룬ͷð̳꣬һ۵β
緹꣬˾һȥϰࡣ
ߵſڴͿܿϹҲ룬ڴſϡ
ڸӲͣձӪõŵһװˡڳ࿡㣬˪ʵ٣沿ͣǱȽһˡ
ӣ룬ҲҿǳȻܿҲܿ˵ǿԷġ
ϣھʹ˸кϰȥѽ
ӣɲô³ȥ
˸һ£ţȥѡ
ӣЩ֣סôãԺŮǶϤǣ󲿷Ǽûô˵ϾҪϰˣÿϵļʺС
Ժе˶иϡ
ֻһŵġ˲ڼﲻǳ˲֪Ķȥ
ӣеʶܿͲ˵ˣܿճ˵ġ
ʲôڶãôһģѾ꣬ܿԼڣһķۺݡ
ӣǲжõģҪǺˣܰĴڼֳɵģ
ܿƢЩߣЩĿ޳Դżȴûʱӣ۵ûţһ춼ææµµûЪϢʱ
ˣͷÿ˯ˣȥҸڴԺһ塣ڲڼ˯ǳŲ֪ʲô͸ˣڼҲһȫӶƶϱˡ
ȽԺҿų֣ôһӶڿҿҵĸɻ
ӣ˪ڽֽǷֿӣгȥϰࡣ
յҽſڣһӣƺȵ
ӣˣȲһƢͦõ𣿽ôˣ


92 
ӣ, ȺͽԶԶվš
ĹĵĲ˵Ƽӣˣһˡ
ӣܽ, Դϴյĵֿ֮, նҲûй
ôˣҸղڳܣ
ίͰͣ˵л
ӣ˳˳һȲ˵
͵عˮĸӣ˵ʼĩ
ǵ֮ǰҽҿǸԸӳ𣿡
ӣһ֪
ȣǼҸԸӳǡһ¥ƽʱ˾ʹк㲻֪Ը, ƽʱ°, Сÿѧ֮ʳöԸڳԵ, ȻǻؼҴšСЩ˳֮ҲϲС棬Ǳڼ
һ¥Ķ֪һ˴źӲףż˼Ҳһӡ
ǰЩ첻ԸӼҺæȥҽԺܴǸ, СǸͲ̫˵ϡŮɰ, ;˸ǡ
ΪҲɣ
ӣͷȷʵ㡣ֲ֪Ծ֮ĶԹ, ְһ±ҵСˡ
ӣûסͲ¥, Ҳ֪Ͳ¥Ǹʲôӡ
, ֮以ֵ¡
ߵô£, ո˵ҿԸˣԲֺС
ӣ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ȵǷǳǹ, ڿԾһͷӡ
ɲô, ҥҪǴ, һôҶ󣡽̫ˣҸղ, ˵ʲôӬ޷ĵԼע⣬Żᱻ˵ӣ㣬˵֣
ӣȵĻȴ˼
ȻڱԹôҾһǹġΪҸߵýԲŹңһȥ״ǳ︱ôˣҰְֻǳ߼أⲻ۸ˣ
ӣüĲµı·̫򵥡
˵Ҫ״ӣϽסȡ
ȲҪȥɵҥҲ֪˲ֿ࣬ˣ֪˾Ͷˡٴһ˭֪ᴫʲôǧɵ
ίίѵˣ㲻֪ղ˵Ŀɹˡ˵ֲһ˵ǱҲ˵㿴˵л϶ң
ӣһȣҵǾã˵δǼٵġ룬ֲסһ¥԰ɣСǵ£ûۿͲһǴǸˣӦǱ˰
һͷˮǡ˼ǴлǱˣ˭ôȱ£
ģԾһøжûС
Ȼûţһ˴ǲסֲǲзϣӣԾȴĺ⡣
·ϾǴûϴɾӡӣҲͰͣһ·ڶ
ȶˡ
ûѵͲˣĻƲ͵Ȣʲô˰ǡȢȢžǴȢµ¡
ΪԾôĿϣȲŻ˵ԼСʱֱ˶ߡ
˵ǶŮûݹһҲѡԾĺ
ȥ˵衣
ӣ룬֮ǰԼСǶ˭ˣĶģ˼ΣҾôл˿϶ǲġ
ӣôһëȻ˼˵лû׼ǡԾ
ӣҲ˵һǣǱء
ʵӣԾĿԲΪԾǿȣҲôлķʽ˾ͷֲּͥһˣĸһŮٲĸҲΪͰŮ޸һͷ
ͷĿԸ
ӣԾ˵Ը˵ôߣҵҲ˿غҤһҵģõĹﲻżΧڡ
лĿֻһǾǻȵ
ΪȻңԷȻڼʵ̬Ƚ϶ࡣ
ϸ룺Ҹǵʱ¥ݿʱΧһЩھӡζ·Ǹһ𡭡
ȴͷɥ벻˭ھӱȽ϶࣬Ҷ˭ˡ
ӣǾͲˣȥ˵Ѹղ۵ݸ裬ɡ
죺϶ҪҶ£ǳôһ
˵ȻĻؼҰ߸ĸס
û죬ȾһıӣҰס
ӣһ˼ˡ
¹ܱΪɶȣһͷлɾǴгϵļֵҸõĶ¡
Ųȥأֱ˵Ů༸ףװ׾Ǹ߱ˡʲôͷĴԣǼٵġŮ϶ͷôԸף
軹˵Զһ㡱еԥ˵εҥ紫ġ
ӣҲֻǲ²⣬Ĳǻ£˵أ
ͷԵģҲס
ӣ֮ǰҸϵġһֱǺƢô˵һأ
ӣĬ˿ܾôӰɡ
һҽҵŮͬ־ǣվͲ˵ˣͲк̨дˡȶŮͥĸҲ˫ְҸ쵼ҺҲ⡣պȲһ㣬һҽҵĹùã˵ڸεĶ̸š
ӣ룬ִ̣ĸͷۡ
ȸԶƽڰ칫ҲͿġ
ӣƺкüζҪ˵ȶܿˡ
ӣֻ̾һССҽңҲ˶ԼС˼
һ죬ѩͱúܳˡ
Ǹ¹ѩĵڶ죬ҽһܽӲˤ˵Ĳˡ
˵˶ˣ˾ƿ컨ͻȥԼࡣҲЩˤĺݵģҲûܡ˸Сģ͵ˤһӣܰѺܶëˤġ
ӣһֱæ磬ͻȻеһͷĿѣ
ۼֿסôˣۻ˰ɣ
ӣǹͷξԵɵ˵Ӧð
ǰֱǲֵһ⼸ĲܸãôܾΪһæµͻȻܲˣ
ӣеۣû£Ъͳɡ
ӣڰ칫ңʼԼ״̬
˵ʲôͬĻǾ׶˯ӰûζĶ
ӣŵĵɴ۾ĸԼһ
ָϣӣ˼ϢȸԾѹѹס
ҽٿе㲻ȥҽԺѪ
ҽûѪģҪӣѪ͵ҽԺٳӣȲˡ
еҪȷ
Ȼ֣ûֱӸӣ˼١
ǵȵӣҽԺѾֵĲˡ
¶࣬ǽûþͻˡ
°ؼҵ˪ûͱϢһš
ӣͿһȵ˪ͻȻ崻һԭءһѣأ
˪ڷӦҪסӣȴȥֳ֣ɣֻӣĶϡ
𣿡
һµҪϣʢϣȴĸΪۣ˪һӦѯӣ״̬
ӣҺܺð
ȴ۵һ㣬Ѿȫûиоˡ
е
˪ƽһ˺飺ʲôȥ
֮ǰ̫˵˼ƻǾͿʼҪӣ̫¶ǸľͷࡣоͰһǾиθڵĲܴЩиЩϡŹֵĶ
˪룬ʱӣ˵Ҫţ¿⣬ȥ뾡취ġ
ӣҪԵ
˪ܹϾŵ㣬ðһƬƬ̡
ӣĵ⡣
˪ȥ٣ڼϢ£ѩ·ﳵ㡣ڼϢ˾ͻ
ǼҵļҲ̫ȥתתܲԻĶ
ʦǶһȥ˵һ¡
ҪҴдš
Ǳҵȵѩ˾Ͱ
ӣһһ보һĨ죺˪ǲеŰ
ƽʱ˪ûô໰
ҲǿģϾԼҲǴϻΡͷһأ
ڴϣΪ˵˯ţ˭֪ӣմţ˪£ڻŰĵ˯ȥ

˪˷ܻԶԶûйȥӣڼ
˪һ˵ıŻǳϢĹ˼˺УٵĶ
ʳͲ˵ˣɲ˸ɣʵ㡣
Ϊӣǻع⣬ϴ׷
Ƭɫ磬ʶ壬ɿڣƬԵһȹڣɿڡ
ӣѻع׷ϣعĺͽȾ׷Ƭ׷ӣڴڵζ
ӣԼƣµʱƫθںõòˡڼճȻʱ˪ϰǼһɰˮ̰סӵײ轾ܳԡ
˪Լȥϰ࣬ӣٶˣӣֻðкõİײ˶ȥʱܵӡ
صĲֹԺھӣԺĳ¶ֱһȥЩͷְѼҪ͸ӣ
͸Сģţ˵δĶŸ񡣡
ӣٲ棬Ҳܲµ¶¶ж಻סôһɫСָǮء
Ҫƴǣ¶ֱӰѰѼ˪
úˣҸӵġ
ӣֻý
ȥķǳ죬ȵӣҪȥϰ࣬˪͸һҪ
ϻԼҲĵġ
гǲˣгΣգ˪Ÿӣȥǳ͵ſڣҪ͵ҽҡ
ӣ٣еϢҽҴ
ȷĵΪӣˣһ˪ôŵİȤˣôҲǸҽأҽԺҲȫĵطˡ
ӣЦ˪һۣɲô
ȻǳҽֻܿЩСҽأզܻ⡣
˪СʳñϧǮ㡣
ӣͷͷвʮԻģҽ˵һ˵о͸ںͲڣһСʱ
Ҷ°࣬ĵߡ
ʱ˪ʱȥ˷ٻؼңȵϻټӲһ١
ӣԷҪġ
˪ȴֵãڻ̫ݡ
ӣʵݣֳͣҲԵˣϻ˵ǹǼСҲӷס
˪ðӣѾһˡ
˪ÿͣڱҽҶˡ
˳ֲεˣ·ĺӶŮһ˵ģԼֻðְֵĳƺţƽյĳԺչһŲܡȻ˪⣬̾ӣĻʶ顣
ôõʵǲˡ
ȵȵĶ䶣ӣѧѧҪҸģҸ־Ͳòˡ
ֻһŮ涼ãЩ¡ģҸŮίҵֵǵҪԺӲٸŮɫ
룬ȣҪʣӣûֵܣ
ȣ
ӣȵʻЦõȷʵиġѾˣ˵ˣڴ֪ء
ûĥ˼֮ջǸũεŮŽ˻顣ȥյţ˪ӣһĶ͸ֲϣ̫Լļҵһ̣дʮǮȥ˵Ҫ͸š
ûþͻţβͬǣһĸزʲôţѸɺͼ˵ˣҪʼҪ
̫̾СӰСʱ컬࣬ʱǴӾ˵СҪڿٶҲûã׻ǳˡ
̫Ҳÿͷ飬൱׸˪߻׸ȻȥˣϱǺõġ
ǸţҲнڵģɼǸù
̫ڣֻԲ͵߸ŮúŪ
ӣ˵꣬Ȼװģ̾ӣ㣬ҾϹţǲˡ
ˣզô󰡡
е˳˧ţе˳ó
칫ҵշԱС飺òȡ˹ͬ־ͬ־Ҳкܲģɲܹ⿴ġ
Ҳϸ˵ǰúõջܶġ
ӣһüأ˵ʲôջջģŮ˭һٸջ˵ǰɣ
Ѹȥ˵öԡ
洫˪ӣʰ˶
Ҿˡ
˪ˡ
ǳձ˵Ҳټǳıƶʶ˪ˣ滹˵䡣
С뿪ƵСĽĲҪҪġ
˻ҪôƯţҲһ
˵԰ɣԸӣ


93 
ԾӦ, ڸλĻٸɱƵĻˡ
ӣʲô˼ǰɣ
ǻӣڽÿ
Ծصĺһ, Դ֮, ӣǵķѾĥļûˡ
ӣӣڸۡ
Ծַ꣬Ů˰ؾǲѵ𣿳ԺȶûһԼ
Ծľӣǹ, ˪װģԼ
ӣ֪Ծ, ϶Ҫ˵һ䡣
Űϻӡô
ΪΧһתţ
ӣ˪ȥ, ˷ԼλƵĻؼҡ
սԺǰһӰͳײܿǱܵĻסԼĶӡڶԷҲ˲ԼҪȵ, ɲס˳
ӣһӻ, һҵĶϱ, ӣϡǵöԷж淡
ʧ, ͷ, ײӣҲ˵ֻһ˼塣
ӣɶͷ, ȴûǰȥСŲΪܳȥ֮, Ժ˶ںҲȥ
ڵϹ, ǸϽȥ, СûҼ, ٶˡ
˵ҵ¿Ķȥ㶼ˣһҲ
ɱ𲻵£ͷ˵ˣȥҲʱ򣬳ŶĸСء˵þĻӵġ
˵ˣûﶼſˡ

ӣϽסҲȥ˵ǳ𣿡
ӣ֣ҵСһŲԣԺԺԱˣҳȥҡ㻳Уͱ𶯵ˣڼҺúЪš
һ£˪ǰһտӣϾ˪йģʱ޿̶ӣߡƫƫʱ̫£ֻиڶעЩ
ڼҲȫҼȥɣɩڼء
ӣһ˻ģ˪Ӧûڷæӣȥ꣬ԼҴˣӣҲȥ˵ĶﲻǸڴԺסˡ
ҵǺҵĴϱҲȥˣֻжϱhʹ󷿵ӡ
hһһ߸ӣ˵ԺＸ궼ĽӣǴ俪ģĲʮһСĲһꡣضľǶϴ¿ꡣղ˵ǸŴ󷿵ĸ㣬ҵĴһȥ档ɢɢĻûء
ΪǺˣɵȾǵȲˡȥҲûҼŻ˻š
Ҫ˵ǱЩΰһЩĻӵ²ǶϾˡ
Щɥĵ˷ӣðųǹӵķնҪɡӽ꽫꣬Ϊһ㣬˿ڶ๤٣Сһࡣ˷ϲ䡣
ССһ㲻İ˷ųȥѹաٴľͼ¶ˣճȥ졣
h̾Һûȥ˵˷Ӷɺޣ˼ʮ»̥һ͸ĸӷ룬治ǶץԻף
ӣ˵Ķԡ
Ȼеʱ䲻ӣѾԶСһϲֻһ¶ıᱻ˹ߣӣߵĲС
ҵ꣬Ѿ֪ʱˣԺ߶¿ƽﾭһС鶪ˣݡ
˵ںܶ໵˶ģƭСƭ˾Ҳزˣ
ϣ¿ܿ
ӣ͸ҵĴ棬ҵ˶ȥˣֻ˼СתȦ
Ȼһ죬ֱӳȥ
¿¿ƺզŻء
Žȴȵ¿ҵڡ
ϴǸʲôզڴ
˵ãһ˵Ϊȴżŭ˷йڡ
㻹ʣ㣡Һ
ҼҴ˵ˣ¿͸ҵĴһ·ܡһģΪɶҴ󱦻ˣҼ¿ûˣҲܣ¿
ץڵڲţӣ䲻ڸ󣬵Ҳչ˵ĺúõġļʱֺǼ꣬ô඼Ѻסˣôʱˣ
ǿ֣Ҫڸ˵
ڱǸүǣճɻ⼸ûʲôţȻԷֶ
˵ȿȡ
ҲҴ󱦳ƾɶҼҺӶˣҵû£
ӣʸhզ찡ҪҪȥȰȰ
hȱ𡣡
ŬŬ죺²ǼҺӳǴ¿ģǷ¿㲻֪û֪ġôţ⺢ӻͲ˵ҪҳȥһȦûҵʵϣ⺢ӹƶߴˡ
h⣬㿴Ҳûȥңӵͷ̫̫ӱŴӣ׼Ūȥء
ӣⶼʲôˡ
hɲǣŰɣ¹ܺûҵҺҶеˡ
һǿ϶Ҫ˵ġҲ⿴¿趡淵ģ֪϶ҪҺÿ
ӣ£ЩʣǸﲻɳأСӶˣ⿿Щھң˵û˼ҿ찡
hɳܹܰɣ
ʱ͵֪ͬˣںǵҾ죬¶ԼھӰæ˾ҳӣŻῼɳ
ӣãⶪСȱģھҲޣȥɳǶҸҵλ˱ϾЩ
ӣôһ˵hҲöԡ
ɲôҪǹӣСһߵҵķΧٴҲûˡ
hУ̾һɳɣСڼô
ӣͷȥɣֲԺӣûġ
hϺ׾ͳţڻڲװˣ˺֣⻰˵ģǼҴ󱦻ǸӰĶʲô£ҺӶ֪ģ㲻Ҽҵĺˮô˵أҼҴ󱦲ʮ꣬һһӶȥأ
ӣզ࣬Ƕλ߳һأ㿴⻰˵ģԼժɾһˮ
Һʱhȥˣhһɤӡ
λǸóܵʱ𣿺Ӷ֪ҶģǾͱˡȰѺҵȥһɳɣǰѺӶ˵±ȥоͬ־Ҳҿ
۾ɢ⣺˵ĶԣС𰡣͸ȥ
ֻҪܰһ˵ȥɳˣǽȥίԸ⣡
hȥҵĴ󱦣©û©ʲôϢȥҾ죬˵һҪ
ЦСֺαأ¿˵þ·ˣһͻˣȥͬ־𡭡
h⻰˵ģһ·أҵҲġ
hкҪȥȴס
һҼҺӲã㲻ȥͳȥ


94 
ڵĻһ, һ
ȥȥƨΪҲ֪ǼǼҺӶ࣬Ǽܿһ˵, ǲҹҼ¿Ūģ
һӶǶϱѪǾۺ죡ۺ, ۺǼҺӶ࣡
ۿȥڵ˵hˡ
ǸϽ߰ɣ
ⶼʲôʱˣܲˣһԺ, Ⱥҵ˲
h׳, һ, ߡ
ڻһ߲ѣ˵裬ҲȥҰɣڼҲչ¼
˵Ҵ뿪ˡ
һת, Ժ˶ȥҺ, 񲻾ʣһ
Ҫҵš
ҵĴǶȥˣĺҲȥ, ֻС, һ, һ꣬һһ㡣
Ǹ, ӲǾҴ󱦲ţشʲô°˭ҵ¿Լĵ, ·, ˭֪⺢ĸطĹء
˵, һĴ, ˾ͶˣһѪһѺӣ͸Ƕӣ
ﲻòϣղĻ˺
ɲôԺ⼸Ȼֻжĸhźüûӣ˼ǮʽӹıЩھӺöˡ
ҲǸӲģԼҹųԺõģǲӼǼҡ
ûڱҵ˳¡
ңȻҲҵΪΪĶࡣ
Ҳ㹻Ǻˡ
ӣСģȢϱϱġ
һһȻѹһҲ֡
ֻԼңǮǮûУ˲
ʱűҹӶۺ죬ĺ޲Ҷϵʲô£Ǵ£ɢȫû³
˵˵ȴҲ֪ԼҲǸ룬Ҫʲô˶˰ģܶ򲻹ҡ
ԹÿʱȥҸûʱ򣬺úõĶſһ٣ʲôʲôŭװ岻õС̫̫ؼҡ⼸ھӻҪЦӭ
䵽ſڣҵӶţһ磬ɰŻˡ
ǰ˵ĻߵСɲˣԲȣҪűӳ顣
Ƕ򵰣ꡣ򵰱ŴĹԼһ硣ľսġ
￴ǶŵĲҳǷ˲١
ҲͷˣǴԺơ
һ߻һֹ
ǣҪҹȥߣҲԼǸʲô
˻ҵİײƾɶɹıҼҵĺãģˡ
ҵҲǶСӻĵģӢǣһС¾ϸߵġ԰ǸԺզģ
ҵĴܲŻɡ
ңҲ˽ߣˣôЩŻϣ˭֪£˵͸϶һһһ
ſզɹ

ӣ¾ͿͷŰֲһֻһֹڸǰ
ǻﶼ챧ˣ
ӣ
Сӿ֨֨ĥҼҵģ
ܳԵʲ٣Ժ˳˴˾ǱŻĳԲˡ
ܲгСΣˮɹмҪעɹ͸õܲɼһ裬С̲˵ζ౵ģٵһͣϵըǿС̲˶·
ҺҶɹܲɡûɹ
ɲ⶯ɹܲɶ۰ܲܲöŲܱҰèߣһ춼ûй
ܿϰȥˣһ˿ùܡ
ǲԸܣǲԸԡ
СڶҲǲģϾײܲԲ˼Ҫ塣ʱиܲɳԣζǲ
ƤҺҶֹܲɡ
˵ֵǮھӣôˣ
ֱ׳ţȴҶܾˡ
Ц֮以໻СʲôóͿצҪûˣ
ֻȥԺܲɳԡ
˶ڣˣſһܲɡ
ŴײˣһܲɣǲֵǮ
һ򿴲ھӵģͳ졣
ϧ˪ӣ춼ϰ࣬Թմɹû͵ϣһ㲻þ
С߬ȭͷҪȥﳳܣҵܲɣ
ϲܲˣԼãÿζͰ裬֨֨ͷжóˡ֪ɹܲǺܲ׵ģ֮ǰܲɳԣ̾ͷϢʱڼԼܲе֡
أ̫ˣҵܲɡ
ӣӰ£Ǳȥ
ͷǸˣСӾռԷҲһ仰ܸѹ
ӣﲻģſǰ͸ŲƣƲʲôֻܰѰײܲȥӣҵú
ӣ
һúһǮҲҪռǾˡ
ӣվſڶţƼԷѾú飬һȡ

ŵһ飬˵úˣĲҲϡﻩµͷȥ˭ģһŤŤ̫죬󵹡
ϣ
ˤӣſڣʹС
ӣûţվſڣﰡˣ
ҪҪ˵Ϲ˭˭
£˵£´οɱҼſֻƲˡڻˣɾŵģɡϣզôණ
һǴҪõģ¹Լǲ͵ˣԷŵˤһſòһ£
ˣˤһû£ȥһ϶һƬ
ӣʵ̫ˣôԶҪһ˵Լŵ
ˣӣʵ϶ĸ߸ߵ
ⶼǡ
ӣ죺ϣײҵİɣܲģǡ
ϽҲҸղſèѶģèˣԹղŵ
ӣǿллˣ´οɲˣǶǺһɤӾˣվǶһΪҪ͵Ҽҵúء
Ѳڵ㣬Ͻڣ֪ͲӣҵúˣһϾͺںġٸˣȥԼҲռá
ӣǹȥһҵСѣѼﶫȥɡ
ɿܳȥûһʹ򵰳СɿİѰײ˺ܲɱϣſڵļӶҷˣݡ
̫ˣȴ˻Ҫ״
תһȦɶҲû̵ֻܷҧгݵĻȥӣ¡
ջؼңʹһ
ӣΪǾˣȴ˵Ļˡ
ҵҵˣ
⺢Ӳ֪զ굽˼Ҳݶ˯ˣ
ҵģȥӰ
ûĻӵߣҲǿǸС飬֪ȥҲݶ⡣
ɲôˣȥϢؼҲѺǵ㣬ȥ濴¡


95 
ҵĺһ, ߴԺ˶һ
žҪ꣬ҪӹһӣⲻĻ̡̻ǰ궪ǼӺ, سǵĴСﶼͣ˺óʱ, ҼһѺӸεġҪһΣ껹ˣ
ڴԺĶɢˣֻдԺѾݵʦûߣֿЦĶ淽š
¿ҵˣ
ҵĴϱɤӺûȵ, ֻмҵСһܳ
ӣҲ, Ͻ
ȥɳ, û
ȥɳˣ
ԾʵǸϻ󵨣ڴԺռõģʵĲˡȥɳ, ŵŶҽ
ӣɩһġ
ʱ, ǵȲ˼ˣɩӲȥɳġ
Ͷ淸§ź, ҵļҲվš
һ˵ɽʦͷˡ
ȥɳ, ΪҺӡӶһ, ǲ֪ȥ˸̫̫
ǴԺ˵ȥɳ, ЩþġһͱԵԺûƵġѾܺ˺ðɣ
ڴԺʮ, Ա, ôСʱ, ĸһ
ʦ˲, ʵûˡֻԼ
˭ӵȥһһ˵Ѿҵˣ鷳˼ҹͬ־ˡ
ӵ⣬ĲԼĶӣͷ˺һˣѾܹ˼˵ˣڶϵʦҲܴ⻹Ǳأ⼸һ㶼ûĸ·ͷˣŲȥͽᣡ
ȥ߲¿һһˣڲݶ˯̫ãеȣţŲõĻҪҽԺ
ǰ綼ȥӲˡ
ͷĸɳ
ʦ¹ĸˣȥģҲžɳĸȽϽģҲͻ
ͷһСܳȥˡ
ûãֻˣˣ죡
ӿɰһԺӵ˶ˣҶǰˣôЩ춼ûһ˾еˡ
Ժû˵ֶѾˣ
˵˰ͬ־˵ȻѾˣʡ
ɶӻ˲û£
δ䣬һ˾Ѿˡ
һ棬ֱġ
¾ҪѵϹ£ֱֹ¿Ӳ˵˵ؼҳԷҪˣ˳˰ɣ
hһԺˣҵһԺӣʦԺŶڣⳡϾûˣ˳ΧȦɴӣվϡ
ӣ֣²֡
쵹ǺɫģԺϽǰȥ˵
ڰ֣˵ҲʺЩ֪ڷ𣿡
¿˯ԺҵʱֱӱһƸˣŶ淵Ĳӡ˵ҪԼŵĲᡣ
ҪץңҪץң
εĺܣҲǹƽʱϲ˵㲻þץߡ
Ϊ׵ϾͷŵףЦеĴӶͳһǣСѣץģǵġ
¿ǸޣﺢӶ࣬ҲԲʲô⻹ͷһдĸ˵޴ľ½ǣæ顭𣿡
Ͼ죺ԣ֪ԸԸ⣿
¿ߵĵͷ
óֽʣУСѣ£ô߶ģ
¿ԴҵͰһƣм仹׵£ֺί˵иΪɶˣ¿˵ĿһԼ
ҡҾţͻȻȻҾԼ˸ݶ¡ûнݶⰡ
¿ίˣǼץصϷץʣ¼ܡ첻ɣץ˵㣬͸Ϥһ㡣ŶžͶԶˡټ˻Ҫǻȥˣ±ץǾŴǶߣٵһٻأ϶Ӯˡ
ڽݶ⣬ǲҵģ֮ǰ˶˵ˣ˭ҵСڲݶ˯ˣܺӰѲݶˣ治֪Ӳˡ
ʵʵ˵ǰ¿ŵ˵ģҲݶǷʵ˶Ĳݶӡ
һ⻰ɫû䣬Ѿеˡ
Сѣȥûʲôֵأ
¿룺ûаҶûʲôˡ
컥࿴һۣһ
Ȼɶ£ӣΪ¿ˣһϡ
ӣҪûȥզͷ˭ܸӲȥ
¿һ¿޳˵ʵҾûʲô˰
˵һһʮ˵ѣ
ûѡ
ûզ˵ͨ϶Լɶ

添ҪٴϾϽס
ͬ־ˣҲһǺѣû׼ʲôԭء
֪֮Ļֽ̿ţºǰ˵˲ʵģϽҲţɶأӸջɱˣʱٿޣСİҹѡ
ʦҲüָɶ˾ͬ־ûء
˽ţСҲŰĶܹΪӾһĥӡ
˵վں治˵վڶһߵġ
¿⺢Ҳǣզ벻۵׵һ
˵зĶ˻ҲֻܰסЦ˲ˣҲż
Ͼ죺УСѣ㣬ȥĵطĶ
¿ίίǰȥģǱߵһյء׳׳Ƕס
׳׳˭
ѧУͬѧھӣѺܵܡ
˶ã
͸ƽʱһѧȥˣȻ׳׳躰ԷǾͻ

һһ߼ǣǵ˫˫̾
һϢûС
ӣȴﲻ̫ԡ
УǾˣллϵ飬Ǿˡ
뿪
ߵſ˪¶°Ժ˴ñ˪ͷһ˲øЩ·͸Ͻȥ
Ͼ죺ǣ
¶ͽܣܣԼ׷ǵˮǰɣ
סԺģϱˣеš
ͷû˵ʲô
ˣԺ˲Ÿտʼ
ҵģǶˣҹ
˵Ҫô壬һ˲ͺˣ
һһˣǼ󱦸˹ϵӣû֪˵һ
ǼҴĶ֪¿û
ʲôƨأԺﺰûпҼ¿Ƕ¿ëˣ
ǼҴ󱦵ĴҸǸ
ʲôǸǾ۸Ǽ˶٣ҵү֪ǶǣǼһ󱦣Ҫѽ

Һҵ̫̫ڲ֪ʲôʱģǺûվǰһǫ͡
Ӹͷͷ޵ĲУҶˣҪ˺ѡ
ĶܿųԿ¿Ҳȥ˺
߶ϱһ³ջؼгûͣȵܿҲˡ
Ǹ۸ţ
ȻǸʦҲƢģ
¶վڴŴȥˣڴûû̾һӣ˪ʳ̫ˡȻ²һ˺
ƽʱסԺǰԺһǲ벻ġôĳ棬һֱû
ҵ̫̫ͷ޶һѡ
ܿ۽ǶˣҲ֪ܲȥϰࡣ
ѽ̫ˣ
ţҲˣˣŵսȲϡ

ҵҵĴȫʤΪ֡
ʵҵ˿ڶ֣࣬Ǿͺռơ
ͺһСƬͷһڣǼҴ󱦣ٸǼҺ棡꿴ϣǸ
⻰Ǵۣܿܿ˫Ŀ죬һҪƴļơ
Ժһ˹ˡղҴɤźãӲԼǰ˸ذĴǲﰡ
һȺ˰ҺӣлţҪܡ
ԺˣȥҽֵǷֳӢǴԺˣ
һʵҲûô뵱Ժĺðɣ
ٿһ۴ܺңˡ
ʦմҵףЩεĿһסڸԺأ˵ˣԺ̧ͷͷġ
ϸˣСʲôߣǶеͷ⣬ҺҲѣ۸ڡ
ȱ㣬ò˵ϵˣҲǶ˹ͷŽء
ʦקŴԺߣߵһһӰͻȻð
Բۡϳ°Ǹɶ
ˣ֪ĻΪʲô˶ſء
¶ЦҲþûˡ֮ӹĺòðﺢӻТ˳ڷѧɣѧզ
ʦɶͷԣϳûɣǰ컹һȥء
ɶþûǰڷѡ
¶ѽⲻҪߣϸһ飬þûˣǺúġ
ʦ˭þû
¶ߡ
涼ַˣͷⰡûˣͽû򣬸Ͻȥٻ
µһ㲻˪ȷû
ԺӣվһҲû¾Ӳ˴ؼ
ӣЦãû£Ҿǿ֡
˪أֻǲյĺá
˻ãҶиء´ŭͷ˭ֵĳվĶ
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ӣҲȥѴҾ濴
˪
ӣ治ȥˣҲءҾվǶ
˪ǿӦǾͿɣ´Ƽǳǰ
ղһ죬Ϊ˺£ϵˡ
ӣͷҿ
˪˰Ѹ߽ӷŴǶָףë̺ӡʵʵ˷Ŵߡ
Լȥտ
ӣͷһһէ~ϣȥ
ȵ꣬˪ķҲˡ
ӣȻȥԹ̫ˣһĶٶǻϰʱﻹװǿͱɡ
˪ľܲһ̶˿嵭Ĳ˲Σζǳӵ㡣ʳɽҩͷ
ȥҽԺ飬ҽ˵ˣĻͷḻһʳƷࡣϾǶˣؼļ¶Źײ˴ܲģиҲ̫áҽĻ˪ͽʾ֭ôḻ
ʱһЩ˸ɣЩľҲǲȱġ̲˽겻ֻ࣬һ̳ӡ
˵Ҳˣ˪ǧټƵѹθϡƱ
ͬ»˻֥飬˺Ǻ档ǰʱ䷹һźɽҩ˪ѵһƢ˼ԿڵһЩ͵ȥ˼Уʦ¶ҡڼ˺üʮɽҩź
˪˵ɽҩ˺ãӣʳ³Զ˲ͰɽҩӽͷŪһƿ̵̣ͷˡǸζΧһƬĺǶˡ
ӣɽҩͷӳ̳ҹ
ҲƽϢˣ֣ѵ¿һ٣ҵǻã־־Զ˴죬۵Ĳˣϴ˯
ӣϴϺ˪ڴϵʱӣ˯ˡ
˪ҾòԾ
˪ʲô
ӣ˵㲻ý춪ӶĺܲԾ𣿡
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˪ڳԷʱѾӣ˵ǰḧļ򣺡Ǿ첻Ҳû
ӣˣҲְ
ȥҾ죬ھǶҸţָܺܿϾӲԺ󣬳ﺢǶǵܣܲסԼܶĿǱȽϴġôһȥһӾ죿
ͷҲԺأһƬɳиҲҳӣҵɳ֮١
ӣƶ϶顣
ϸ˪һЩαװʳĶ¹ҩģҽѧβˣЩڻҲΣܴġͱ˸ӳһǣ˵þʲôءҾ¿⺢Ĳ̫
˪˽첲ԼˣȥҾ졣
˷ӲȱﷸЩҪǲһ򾡣һ棬ǿǻġ
˪֪ӣ˿ɢһЩǵѰĸߡǴӿСѧһͷһˣƫƫֱȥٳ¡
ҩģ˪ܾϱǿСѧʲߣǧټߴҵ롣ֹ뿪ӵʱ򣬵ߴӵĺһһ¹кŮȥˡ
˭ҲͣҪǵġ
֪ߴҩǮˣһӶһǮֽʶʡõģ⻹ܲкȥѧɼǺĸΡ
ϣ˪ܾӣǸζˣƷϵģΧڰˡ
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ӣһ£ˣҲôʵˡǸأΪ벻װ
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ӣŵͷҲΪʲôˡ
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ȻůıӣļƤ񶼴ˡ
˼ǡ¿Ǽӣ
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ӣ˸飺ֲãֲãҺӵ˵иС˵Ĳݶ⡣û׼Ǹӣ
ӣץס˪֣ҶҪˣݸϢʦûйϵɳǱߣİŸȥ粻˳٣
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ӣһֻ˷ץ
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һˣĺһҲ
ϾʱˣԷȻŶһСǣѹС
Ͼ٪պӵ£Ϳʼǰ飬ôߵķʽѾҵˣؼǡô׼ȷҵƭǰʸ׶ʲ϶бصˣ
ڷԱ֮ϾɹмҵһغԱڡ
ǰĹ¼ļҶڹӪԺΧһҾǸһķԱͥİԣǰűźӾͻˡмֻһڴԺ֪ġ
Ͼ첢ֻҵһӣ˾ڣ˼绰ܱ߼صɳγһ²⡣ɫصİѵĽϻ㱨ֱӵݵسΰһǶ
Ŷ˼һķŻ
һַ˷ɫѿǴŵ㰵ӿΡݱﲻǱصİӣиڼصһͣϢʾƺǼ򵥵ĹŻһ֯
֪ͨϽ˾Ͳ˵ˣ´ŻһҪһ򾡣Ϊ˵ڣҶסˣ


96 
ڻȻ֪ԼѾ˶, δԺѼ˶˸ᡣ
ӽ쿪ʼأǴԺͲڴԺһˣǸԺӡ֪ǿұֺùϵûô, һҪǿһ, ĦԣԶײڣƽﲻҪµǸҪʲô£˭ҲվҾվ֡
Լĵ, ʱҲй, һ, ˴Ҳӡ
˻һҺҵɫÿ
һǷԼô˵Ҳûдĳͻһȥ, ϵ, ƾɶѻ˵ôӲվߣ
Ǿ̫թ, û, ²˳ǱҴһ, ȻӦ򵰸˵˰ײ˵£ǿָɣ˵С͵Ҳɹܲɵ˷, ܿĵط
һٶǺݺݵǧٱ顣
Ҳ, ԼҪӺù, ôͼǵһǰ㣿ƽƽסһԺھ, ƾɶӱԼҺùô, ˻ûģ
ίԹޡ
һԺӣ˵ܺ⡣
ھ죬ʱôˣֻҪң˾ҪưͿӣǺܷģԴҪǴҶһ˼ӹˣ˭˭
һδԺݲݾͽˣ˵һ䡣
֮ǰ˵Ҫûӵ£ɵĺܣڴԺյӶųȥˣǰţ߲û
ӣԾĿһڣΪҴܣ˾ȻҪߣ
ڵһϵǿʲô
̾һҲžͲˡҾԺģҪҼҴǳ£治ԸߵġҪסܾԴҡ
ȷʵߣҪεֵĴټܾԺӲԾһһŴڰſĸо
Ҫ⣬ʱֱǺ׼ġ
룬Զ˵Ե飬Ǹλûһ·ӣΧԺˡҵķǱֻ䣬󰡣ûôҲеġ
Ȼ˵Ժûпշ¾ֻˡ
˵꣬ӵֱЦһ㶼ǷķԱˣأ
û˵ʵҲȷʵˣڹûҪӻǿԵģ˵˾ֻռַͷϵѾڷˡȥʵʱ򣬽ֱֵ˵ˣڵĿշֳȥˣ㲻֣Ҳûʲô¡
һӵ˵ˣȻЦ
ģԼߵʱҪҺȫԶĵطȥ
ӵ·ֻһ磬ܿԺ˶¡
ҪԭǣϹˣ
ӣȥϰ࣬ҽйȥ
ǳиģ㻳УＦĶаǣ㿴ʱ죬ǵȵ֮죿ҪĻҸ㿪Ʊ
ҲǸպڶԿڵλķˡ
ҽǹŸиƱģи˸ƱȥڻɶӦƱ֤ܼͱˡ
Ҫǲ죬Եȵ֮󣬵ʱһ̷ۻһ龫Ķ
ӣ룺ͺǵȵɣ̷۵ȵ˵
̾ǳӵĴ治
Ҫ˵ڴҶǵأǳĹӪ󳧣Թ˵ĴǺܲġ
ҽɲӻеÿ¹Ʊ͸ּء
Ҳ´ּвְĸ
˵и͵˸ҷʱˡ
ְ׼ĶһӲǣ⣬һ֣Ｆ
񣬰˶ϲüЦ
ñֽ⣺ҰַǼҾоŽˣһֱԵ꣬ǲ֪ûǰ⣬ϲǰĽӣڵģҲ
ӣǷȣ»߶ɲǺŸȻȷʱúãǶҪ۵ġ
ӣҪһȣǰ칫ҵĲɹԱСЦǺǵɲôҼϲ׵ģô̡
ӣĿһ۰Сܡ
ôã˸չϵر𲻺ãȹϵر֮⣬˶顣λСܣиӡġ
Сܣϲ˵һ仰ǡ˵ˡ
ȻҲϲ˶ѵõ豦ȵĸӣԷлעԵ£֣žִŮְ
Сܵ裬ӣȻûҲԴСճĻпһ㡣
㣬ҽܸɣҪ󲻸ߣֻҪþͳɣҪТ˳ġ
㣬ȲõǼҵģһȥ衣
˵ˣŲöÿҪҪҡ
衭

ӣˣҲ֪λСܵļͥˡ
ҲϾҽҲɹķʲҽԺҲе·ǳְĸǸױԺշԱ
һ㣬ȥˡ
С˵꣬ȾͿĵĽȥҲϲ׵ģģϺҲ򵽡
Сܣɲô
ˣӣԾͲˡ
ȻѾȼʲôϣȻҲͲÿת

ӣζĿһСܡ
Ҫ˵żȻǲš
Ȼôһ°࣬Ҷ̵ıŷֵĶߣСܷԼģڵСͬ־õĶҰɣ
ٶͺˣҽҵ˶ɫȻĿ΢΢һ
ȣˣӣɣأҲãõö
˵ͺѶһˡ
ˣ
ӣЦаԼϵĶݸСܣǾ鷳Сˡ
СôĲֻ֪΢һ¾ͽӹ鷳鷳ӣ㣬˪û㰡
ӣǵλҲ˵Сܣզòòͷ°ɣٵȵҲС
Сܣû£õö
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ӣһЦʰ˶ȥˡ
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ˣȥԼСһ״ȻֱѵˡС˵ŽȺڣԺ̫ķչ
ίˣզôҽƱҵģ˿ģƾɶҪ˵
ҶЦٲҪ̼䣬Ҳѧˣ֪˲ֻܽˤˤİһʹߡ
ϽʰԼĶȥϣסݼңסְᣬһ
򡭡ȵҡ
ò׸˽գһ顣
պɵĿҪ
ƽʱǸͷĽ飬Էôϸţ϶Ҫ˵
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ͷ˽ͣ˵ͲҪ˵ˣʱ䣡
紹Դղˣ׷ʡ粻˵Ͳ££
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ֻܸϿûɶ£Ǿ̫ˡ
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ôӲԣ
½ֲˣ˵Ǿ̫ˣֻǸʵϰȴôӣǻУĲˡ
գʵϰôˣһʿʵϰ򣿡
磺ⲻص㣬ҵ˼ӣŸͻУⲻǰѵλĹֵ𣿡
գզģҿ㲻⣿Ҳӣ
磺ûУҾ㿴ĺãôæӣôС
գ㿴ȥҼ
磺治ǡ
մŭ磬ұ˲ԭҵģʵϰôˣƾɶͲܸ˿ҼӣҿĲӣĺã㻹ģʽ˵ʲôˣզ۳ǲл𣿿㻹ǸŮģŻֻңҼסˣ
һߣҪЩҵϿҵģҲŲǿĹϵ
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ġ
ǲ˻
Ǹ˼
㿴
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ڰ칫ͬľĸӣվһˣͱˡ
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ţӦȸվһߣȻȻͷûüֵٱ̽һѡ
˭Լã
ֻҪõģҪʣ
ϴδȵл̫ˣûþͱԷˣȼأȶԸ
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˵ӣǲϲ
һŴƾɶӵҽ
һͰȫҽҵŮְȥˣ
Ĵˣ֪ӣĹģûʲôϵڵġ
͸Сžš
Լйϵ˲ǻʿƾɶ͵ҽһ֦һ˻еģɶҪЩС
Դӣĵһ쿪ʼһ۲Ķӣһ¹ʣøӣٱˡ
˭֪ӣȻǲֵ̫ϵȴҲû㣬ʮȽɫ˼£ͱڼֿ䡣Ѿҽصһˡ˵ģõʱȥӣϣһ
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ȰȣһֱΪӣǶԱ֮ӣÿ˭ֻ֪ǿӣ˾ͻûˣ
ղ
Ǹ
һжѣ
ҪеģҪúһ
ò׽ӣеӣ̥ǰȵʱͰЩ˽աΪŮְ٣ЩŮְǲԸҽģԽյĹӡ
ʱո˰ɣ
ղһԣŷֽҲǸɵӣ
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ġ
˼Ǿ࣬վȻ
ŭͷݺ˼·ߵĻ̳
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һ˴乿Ȼǳ︺͵̫̫ţϽѾӾܡ
󻹴һŭȡ
ɶǸŮ꣬´Ҵס϶Ҫ㴦֣
磺Ǻǣ֣˵ɣ
ӣų﷢վڳſڣû˪гˣſڸɶžе
ӣůַ˪ϣյ㿴ǲϬ
˪˵ĻһӾ͸ںͷ
ӣǷͼŶСĵáϳʲô
˪ڼҸˣţ
ӣϲţ⣿
˪ͷǷֵ˵ţ⣬õģҸʦ˵ˣ˵ǮǴӷģȻĻȥԼ
϶ҪģҪƱѾܻ㡣
ӣֱֵģ̫ˣ
˪Ҳ˽ҷＦһӣһֻһֻѼӣһ֣⡣
ӣе᣺ôֵôడ
˪ǷֵĶ࣬ҷֵĶࡣ
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һ֤ӣûлɹΧҲǡȻǶõĶĴʦȫһġ
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˪ӣΪɶᵽӻʵõӻûеӰÿأӻģģģտĶҲ١ԶԶյ̨࣬ҲӰ
ӣ˽֮ҲܾȣڵӻԭİǾˡ
ǵǲȱɶ굹ǿʦҪҪг
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ЩȻ˵Щ󲿷ֵ˻ȶĸͷչҵҲǰЩһЩ
Ӻù˵㣬Ȼû߸ˡ
һ˻ڽ꣬ʣµ˶Ѿƣˡ
ӣó¶ǰֵ͵Ҳʵķſһ㣬г
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ӣôһ˵˪Ҳͬ⡣
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ӣ۷ŹĿţڵţڷ˻С¯ϡС˰Сʱպܳԡ
ţƬӸϳɫ֮ϿĴţζһӡ
˪ŰɢȥȻŹŸӣ˸ӣڹ߳ԡ
ӣС룬Լһá
ţúģÿһţά͸֭ĻƶѿĢҲóԣ˪ԵĹּһˡ
֭ţ⣬۵Ļƶѿ֭ˮḻĢдСײˡ˺ܶӣһͷȴúܳ졣
ӣųŷ¿ӡ
Ҳ̫ͷˣ


97 
һ˹ʱ, Ǿӷɿ졣
˽񣬸λͿʼ˽ܹĵİݡǳĹӪ󳧣һֲڵĲ֮, ŵһһĶ𽥷
ӣڵҽҵǲС
ǹ, ҲҪصѽ
ʮʹһǲõģʣµʱÿ춼Ҫһҽһʿڡʼֵˡ
ӣˣչһиڼͲˣǶûɣ
ӣ, ʵϳﶼ, ǳɻ, ϻеҲչһЩ
ûա
ɫֵֹģЩԾԾԡ
û
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˶С£ֻмǵһλ
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ԥĴӦ, дҶܾȡ
ǰ, տ϶Ҫ˵Ự, һӣϰ಻档
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ӣҲЩԾֵֹĿһ۽ա
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ӣźӲ˶طȻԼԣ˪ûҪ
˪Űֻһ¹Ժ
յĲ˼ˣƳˣ˪Լϱӿ˭ҴҲûĸµĶӶ󻹵ˣ
ﲻǸ໰ˣһ룬˼СڶˣһһҽֻһˣûߣҲֻһӡ˿ڼö࣬˼ԼĽ㣬Լʲô£
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˪żҲûֻ
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ܿ˰ɡ
ˡ
ﻹ˵ʲôܿѾһ˵һѡ
裬֮ǰ˵ģԸڸһ𣬲ͼʲôҲ֪ڸ粻ͼʲôΪ˰һģѹҲԸ⡣ЩƲңҲ⡣֪ԼӹĲͺˡȰ
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Сðǻǣܵ
ڼһֱţ֮ǰûַʱҲǴԺһԣȻܱ˿˵ʲôƨ治أҾǲѾͷ棡˵ˣѾͷ泤˱ɶӣ
ǱСﲻ֪ʲôжӣҲ֪ⲻǺû治治ǲѾͷҲǸӡ
ըС֮ĿڽǾϲѧ˽
һѧҷƨС潸˸ӣһȥҴСҲ棡Լʺȥ㣡
Ҳ벻ԼƽʱϲҸû˵ط˵±ӿЩĲеĻҲһ䶼󱦸ѧˡ
һԺСǶ׷ָ
զôࣿ
ǣԺ棬˼۸Ժӵˣ
ƾɶСף
󱦻һ˲µɶ˼۸ǰɣҴС޲ˣ
СҲƢġ
Ͳ棡
Լ򣡡
ߣǱȥ
ֱˣһɴС޲ؼңȥ
Ͳ棡
˭ϡأ
ܵĿ죬ת۾ʧ
ߺȴһϴŵ̵˴Ҵ߽һƬ
ü۵ҿ˸ڱСк˶ԷһûϵǣһЦݵ˵
СѣܲȥҸҽиˣ
͸󱦵İְ˵˵Ͼ˼ˣڼϾҪס¡


98 
ôҲû뵽ôô磡
Ǽûɳһ, ͱڸ뿪ֻȥ⼸Աسջֵܻϡ
ǵģǷСģһҲǺܲ׵, ǽǳԴסз¶޵, ҪһֻЩ
ǷߣһҲˣȥǵصˣԤǹ, ȵ߻, ȥũ񼸸, һҲֵˣ
˭֪겻֪ʲô̫꣬صľͻȻǰһ˿ڡ
ΪɶǶϲŹպӣΪʱСǶżˣȺƬ, 㣿
˵, ʱҲ׷ѵʱڣ˿Ҫһ, Ҳ䡣
ǲ˳, ز˿ѾǷ, ŶŻĵ¶ĳҲ˾ٱˣǼռŶĳʲĴǶ˽ȥ
Ǳĳ¸ŵ, յΧسǶʼϲ˿ںС͵С
Ϊѣԭȥļط, ҲٵϢ, ֪Ǳץ˻Ǵ̫󲻸ҵݡ
, ѡؾ˺ܶࡣ
, ָûȥֵܴϢȷֻﻹû
ΨһѡǴֵǹͶˡ
ҴҰϢˣԼ͸ϽΧΧ߿
һƬϾһҪ˾
ˣﺬǵСкȥ󱦡
ɵǣûؼң󱦵İְҲڼҡ
󱦵̺赹ڣСке¡ΧԺӶ֪󱦵ʦƽʱ˵ʱǸˡ󱦵̵ûɶǡ
󱦲ڼңϽؼȥɡ
ûд˸ţСǹֱᷳӴϾܿ
Űѻֱ˵̵СкҲҿˣһܻԼҴԺ
ֹĶСຢһģһҲǸõģﻹأСƨʲôǣûģҴ󱦲֪һ
ɽŵӣ
˵ʵǼܶģ޲𹥻κ鶼ҪǵһμԷ·˶кܴʲôϡŹֵĻڡ
ӣҡҡͷš
Ȼǰ˵ˣģⲻǼƻûб仯ȲϵߴӵСô󣬵ȴѵõƷ֡
㣡
ӣƼ͸˵ĲˣҰںλһģΪδʮⲶ̣Ұں۱ǡϾֻڸ߶ܼˡ
һҰ㣬ӣϾ˾ȻԼҵķݶˣⲻǻкУ
ڼĺйܿضǺɵģҪΪʱĺҲ˴ﵹҲһЩ˼ѹԼҵת
ӣͳ׼ʱڼȺΧҵ˼ͼȥģɹõ㡣
ʵĴûջ㡣
ջǧ֣ӵҲһ㣬ؼҪա
¹ըϣٰ¹ơְõŽӲӵ֭һƲܼһ⣬ʿڣ֭׷ϣζŨˡ
Ϊ˲ŵӣָϰ;ؼ˪㣬˪⼸Ͳӣԣһ㶼
һⶼûеġ
˪Żãεζֱˡ
ƮʮﲻŻ˵ģһԺļҶеס
ҵĻãƽʱҲеˮƻʳ̫ȱ죬ֻ۰Ͱ͵ģԼϵײ˲Ǻ⡣
ƽĶۣײѾǺòˣ˭˼ҵĲôأ
еˣ¶סںԺʱҲˣĴҲûԴ˪ס֮Ǽⶼǰˡ
Ϊܲס
˵СҲһġ
ͬʳģ˼Ҿ㣬һԺζ԰뷹
﷢ǲǸӣίһʣҪ˼ǨԼܣһмôģԣ
һţͻȻ洫ӣ

ϽӦȥӣأ
ӣһվ棺ԼյĻ㣬ֵ㡣
㻹˼ҰҹȥŶأӣȻ㡣
һӾͲ˼ˣǼҲеģˡ㻹УԵá
˵±˵˲
أ㣬ھӼյ㡣
ӣɷ˵ɣҼﻹء
￴ӣ˲˾͸ϽתҲƴˣӣأȥٲСô졣
һӣӡ
СѾȲסˡ
̣ˣ
㰡
֭Ȼƫĺɫǻư׽ӵɫ
ﳢһڣֻۣ֭ҲŨζ˳һ£Сĺ޲ð붼ˡ
̫óˣԺҲҪѧ
ºԸ
㲻У߲ҿԣ
²Ҳ֪˵öԣһ˵Ҫһģ
ǰðְҲھãְҲˣԼ񲻾ÿԵˣ
͸ӣ̶ıһÿ춼ܳԺõġӣ̵Ϲ˪峤ôÿ
ˣ費ԼְҲֻܻԼʱһˡ
СĶԻü˶ЦĿһԼˡ
ϴ־ӣ⼸ȥʣ
ܲԼŮҵ˰ɣ
ϲǱߵҲ˵㡣
кԼҵ⼸Ҳȥ˼ôģȥʱǵðۼ黨ȥ㡣
ӵˣ裬ۼҲ͹ˣҺôҲǸ
¶һ£е㿴ˡ
Сӣ˲֪㲻֪ôһ󣬻˼˵
Ǹƨ鼸˲ǿ֤
ӵԴ֤û꿼겻ҲǽǿǿˡҲ˵ǴֻһڹӪСʦ
ӵһ˾ȥˡ
죺⻹ǹҪǰѳʦڱ˵ˣǶõˡ
һԺסţ˪ס֮ӵ˪ߵģֻ򿴵˪ġ
ҪԼ㣬û׼Լھ͸˪һˡ
ڲķˣ֪ģ˪õأӵ۲
Ц㻹˼һһƨھȥ㣡ۼ㣬Ҫ˼ǸζҾˣҾǻҪҲ·ĳ𣿡
ӵʱ˵ˣƨ
㲻֪զģƮζȻһ㶼ȡǻˣҲǿӿĵط˪ƾɶô㣿
ѴѹȥŤͷͶϱ淣Сȥѧ㣬¹ѧѧ㶼Ϳȥϴ˼Ҹ¿æգϵҪճ߶
ڳ¶Ƕ˸ˡˣԼǲҪӲաӲиɶôɶ̲š
˴ùϵպû׼е¡
˲̶ֿġӣȻƽﲻռˣŲǸƽϵģʱԼҵļ˻żǡ
㹻ˣ
Լ˰ӣ̾
¾ǸȢϱˡ
˵˵ȴôð졣
СˣѾʮü˵ֻǸʱǰЩ˼꣬Ȼͱ˲سڻûһʽء

ӣ̸ɵ˴㣬֭׷ϳ꣬ʣļ˪λС
Ѿżˣû¾ڼԶĿԡ
˪ǷŲ˼٣Ҳֻ٣ٹƻҪæ
ֻˣȥһȥСʱȥСʱŹ
ӣߵˣڴԺûôˡ
ζƮ˹ҶԲȥ
类ǵСкԷʱͷԣԺҵСҽҲ㣬Скĸ׾͸֥ͼ֣ȥԵġ
ԺﶼС֮以켸ٶ⣬Ҳ֣ȥ䷹ҲԵĸ˼ҡ
СкȥǱҡ
˼ŷ㣬С˾Ծ˸λá˼İְֶˣȻ˸󣬵СҲʮִ󷽵ġС͸Ҳʢһ뷹
˼һ˷ķʵԪô氡̻ȱһء
Ԫ⣬˵ţи塭иа̵壬ȥ󱦵İְ֣ȥԺ󱦰ְûҵȻȻҾˡ
˼һࣺǴԪ´βҲҪѽȻһֱλأץϷûݵ棬㲻ץСֻܸˡ
Ԫ֪
˼İְֶʱȴͻȻ죺Ԫ˵иа̵󱦰ְ˵˵ʲôѽ
ԪգŴ۾˵Ҹ󱦰ְ֣˵Ͼ˼ˣҼҪס
ҰѵĿһ㣺Ŷû˵ʲô£
ԪԴûСȻȥҴ󱦰ְְֲ֣ڼҡ̺Ҿû˵ˡ
ͻȻú֣ǶԷû˵ģûиʲô
ԪһǣĶû˵
Ҷʱ۷Ź⣺ڼҺúÿżңְҪȥһˡ
ɱ쵼쵼ȻλϾ졣
ϾԾôʱˣ
Դ϶⣬ϾְϢݵ棬ĸתҵľ
ԤҪתɳϾȲ˰ʱְλֵڸڴԺȥסΪľǶڡ
ȥ˲һ£ѵϢˣ
ڸϽԼ֪Ϣ˵ǸС˵ʱûģҾǰ˾ŲʮڵͬΪʲôڵݣſΪʲôȥأ
ϾҲϾ˳ŵסȻȥҪݾߡȥ˸˲һ¾ۻ϶ʲôԭ򡣡
ڳ־ˣϾ켸绰ȥ
ûþ֪Ϊʲô
ϴԼֵܵλγɵǸļǵģļȥԱ߼صɳҲ֪¡
һ뵽ҪҶˡ
ǴҵģҪһˣԵǱȽϷϣ
ΧسûϾ˵Ǹӹȿӵķ׼ŲһԼĹͣ䲻ͷȥ
һ飬Ȼǲ鵽˵㶫
ĳȱ鵽ģЩöĵˣʲôʱǲȱġ𿴴ѹ˹ܲסԼצӣĲҲҪȥġ
صɳ룬ڹǰ˸רж˳ץһˡ
ͷһΧҲŶڣֻʣΪ˿ȹûˡ
Ͼ죺
ֲȺأǱĵطȫˡ
ãҲõˡ
ȻˣԸηɣ


99 
ʮ, 칦ˣ¹ڸڻǲڸڵģûʲôɻ˼
˵ʱ£ɶ²ܵȵ֮أ
Ͱ͹һ, Ϲѵõķʱ, Ҽһ׼ҹ
¶ھһʳȻδþݳһ磬ôҲȥ˼ʮ˲١
ӣ֮ʮ⣬ʦ˼
¶²ԼʦһȥСơ
ʦȵ겻׼
С˵һ, ҲӦ׼һˮӵ, ŹڼŰСǷųԡԵ, ¶Ҫ۷ż
ʦЩǼ˳¶ʮֺ档
¶ֱߺߣǲͽѵԼ׼
˪·û𾴣ӣֿʳСչǲһġ
¶ϴ·ӣ, һЩˮҲӣ, ǰ˶˪æġ
¶ŤŤ˵Ҷ˵˲ˣǰ׼, ͽܳ˵Ӻ͸ֻ, ͽϱ˵ǸƤ˪, ҳҲһ㣬û, Ҳԡд㣬Ҷ˵Լ, Ҫһݼջ㡣ǱǷյĺá
ʦ
, ķζ嵽ˣ
ʦʾͽҲ, ˵ϼҳĺ, ˵ժſ鷳ˡ
¶ͽܣӵ𣿡
ʦ볳ǰɣ
ӵ㲻Լͽû
ͷһ߻һ߾ŰȾƣһ굽ͷ徻⼸ˡǶǮȥæ׼ҲŲϰˣһȸСƣѽֺӣɶġ
¶ȵͷϣֻи˾ֱҵ߽
Ϻǣǳ´ʦӹѽ
¶Ҳˣ˸վƱ͸ϣզп
ҵλ漫ֵܣλֵ࣬һ˫۾ţһֻҲе㲻
ҪǸƽƽͷӾʹˣλϸΣھǸɻưġտʼԼǴһƱֵܣӣ˭Ҳ֪λ羿ˮжѵ֮ͷֱԭؽɢԼֵǣɢ֮ȻҲûС
ͷԼǸŸгеһ˳ԱȫҲ
Ϊɶ㲻֪ͷһƣ̧̧°ó¶ٸһ˵°üĿˣ
¶üĿܰɣŶ೤ʱ䰡զܾô۹
ͷŲŰɣµĻ𳵣һ߰˺ء
¶һ˾񣬸ͷ֮ʵϸô죿
Լʶ˶࣬ң治֪ôˡץɳǿԣЩ˵ֳѶ¶ֹӣöˣͽȥһӶܰġ
ȻͽϱɻأʱЩĲԼһͷû취ٰ쵽ͽܵϿզ죿
ͷǳǳһھˮ۾С˵Ҿ㶼ôѾһ³ͱˣŵĿɲһſЩҲڲء
¶ǴϲȻϸϸ˼һ¾ҡͷЩĺ˵ҾǵǴԺǸǼһǸͷϲһšǸñǽģǴԺһСء
ͷǺһЦ⻹򵥣
ϵĿӳһմź͵İ⣺Ҫǲģ͸ҵ¶ŪꡣͷҿǲģСһѣȴĺ侲ˣµҶ͵ܡ
¶һĴȣɲǣĺݵģźﶼզģû׼ǴԼһ͵ܵ˼
ͷȻһƣСӿɲˣǳмͷŲ˵һ
¶һǸСУܹϱˣ˭ϱϹ
ͷҪô˵СƤأ⻹ƭ˵ԼǸɲƽʱСԷӰģƭת
¶˼ǣ
۸ͱ
ͷһѾɵӵʦָȥǸ׷üȥͱɣг˵ùȥ
¶ܲܲҪ˵׷󣿡
ʦ˵Ҳ˵ϻû׷ϳ£ҷˡ
¶˵˲Ҫ˵׷ˡ
ͷⲻص㣬ͷüǸȱҵģʦͽܡӵǰɣȥͱ
ʦʵҲͽˡ
ʦһŴ˰ɣۼȥ취أҲСͽӵһмӣҪǱڸǺˣզ죿
ͷ⵹ҲǡǾ˰ɡ
ҲˣҪھᣬŹҶƣʲô˵ý궼ȥѷ
ͷտʼֻǰ¶һæž
ڿǸ嶾ȫ˳һͷǮԼСͬ¶µȥ֣ƽʱװģȥƭˡ
ͷԼбҪһͽȥȻƽƽץڸƻֻᰵ̾ء
˾ԹԹԹڣԹʱ˲ԹҲãԹԼ費ǸɲԹŲǮԹӲԹ᲻ԹԹȥǲԹԼɻԼˣ
ͷߺߣزСڵһƤ꣡
ڱܲá
ӣڨЦⲻʵû취ֵңǸ缸ڱһˡ
ǱǴŹĺߵģ˭֪ճ˳ǣͱĳԱˡŵǶºӾܣĵطȥˣֻܱܷͷ
ڻǲ˵ǵøŵļ˶ôˡ
ҶǸһеģ˭ԴɣզͲˣ
˷ŮģɫԲֵܵĵеģǰһӱϾ𾯾ˡֵܷģǹߣǰŸطžС
Ȼˣߵʱ˳ֹռǽʵãǮٶˡ
ɫںЩûĿһȺˣӻ֣߰ɡ
˶ˣ˵Ȩ
ڰ˷ɢõûһȺˣǸ˷ŵĵطƽ˳
ڰ꣬۵ĲС
ھЩˡ
ǰֻĿǮЩǣһˣǺµġ
ڵķϣɫҲؼˣתȥʳְȥˡ
ְ˺÷֣ˣ
÷Ͻžӿ˿úֽŸһֻСһķɳȥ
ǹǵ
С÷ҵʵõĺܡ
˵Ҳأ˵ίĸɲ
ôǸɲ
˵ǼǵģװսȥǸơ
룬С÷Ǽ񵽱ˣ
ɲôǸЩһֱѹҸܰܵܵġȻС÷ǲ˳˭֪˼ҾȻҵˣҲû׿ŵȵڶʮࡣ

÷һܵǰôʱѽһѰ˼Ҫȵ°ء
һ磺ǹʱ϶°磬ⲻײײ
÷ˣĿһΧڵĸ첲۲ۣίǲǺæ
治ɫðɣҰֵķϣûҷ̫ҪҲŹ㲻ǣ
÷һĳݾ
̳ɺ飺һˣҸġ
ڵĿ÷ܲĺ磬ֽ۰Ͱ͵˵ϾҪˣҪҪҼҡ
÷ţԼǰ˵˲ٴˣҲ̸˴꣬Ҳܸü˰ɣ
ͷʱ򡣡
ڸսίûأ˵ˣҾûҪȴȥҸĸҰһֱҸװһսѼҵŮס
÷̽˽һ㡣
֪Լ䲻ڣڱü꣬Ĺͥسܺõ˼ˡ
÷ٿȥҲֻӦ
Ǻðɣһжġ
ڣˣҲ㡣
͵͵÷һţС˵´ι㡣
÷ղųȥģʱƯ
ͬξżͿᡣ
ȻǴзݣһ־ͳˣżȴͬ䱦һղֿ֮涼һëߡ
һۼͬɨһۣͱӿ졣
÷󻹸ӢдŰ
һģŲй֡
÷ǺˣӢġƴ
÷һգκ˿
ἰˣ÷治񻰣Լĺ˼Ĳǡ
˵ˣѧҵЩæڹЩֲ̫ǵˣԻƴ
ƴզˣ
÷һ㶼ʲôԣ
ֵҲû㷺أҶϰˣøƴ
÷һգղʻͬҲԼ˵˻̲ˡ
ȵ÷ʰ˶ȥͬ²˽
÷Ǹɲɲզвд֣
˵
Ҳ˵Űɣ÷Ūˡ

ڸ÷˺ȻǮˡ
ָ˲ֻǮֺ˵ĸˣԼף÷иƨĺøУ
ÿμ÷֮󶼺ܸˡ
ںŸ裬ԼαĻ
ԼⱲӣٵľͶҡ
ǽһңⱲӿ϶ܹԼеˡ
ȨƵĸĸǰ;Զδ־ŮŷлǮ
÷ͼŮǵ£Ҳͼ÷మԼһŮˣһԼĻ롣
֮ǰеģܿŮ˶Ȣؼ֮Ҳûˡ
ģûʱöԷŲɵָоڿһӽԼĵѹȫͷš
÷Ĵ࣬ÿζǷĵʱȥ÷ǰװһװԺӵܣҫһԼġڸӼᶨ
ᶨΪԼһӾǱĸˡ
ԼǲŻ磬Ӣŵһ
Ǹĸʱˣ
ЩǮܵ𾢣ΪľԺȥ۵˵ǱӺùһ㡣
һǧ飬ȥ˾ܵˣ
ѹƻؼҡ
սžŵһ㣬ÿҲ֪ζǴӣƮġ
Ŀ˸ҲǿϧˣסһԺȥһӣ
ӣúÿҪǣ˪һӱȲԼ
˪Լһдʫ
˪ԼǮ
˪Լ
ģôôùȢһƯš
ڴŶ˪ӵĽ˼š
ܿ棬˲ٵ棬淢ļѣܿˤ
ҡҡͷôһŮˣôܸԷһӣ
֣ܿˣһĶٵι֪ĻΪǻ˸أ
Ȼûָգ֪ӣ
ӣӺùΧԺСϱզ࣬ⲻֲ֪ʲôģ󱦿ҪԣƲͣ
ԳԳԣôô

ӣŹϵİNʣ𣿡
˪һ㡣
͹ɫ̸ڹ﷭ڴһ˿ڵ

ӣҧһڣȸĴָóԣ
ζػ壬Ⱥۡ
ը̣˪һ˸㵽һƿţ̵ʱӣͶ˼
ûб䣬Ŷԣ´ξֻٵһˡ
ӣ˪ϸνţ̼ӵ۽ͼȣɺ֮Ȼϵۼ͹ը
˪ûţ̻ըӣ˵ˣҲԸⳢԡ
Ǹĩ˪ҲͷȥƤоˡ
ִƵǣ۵İţ̣˪ԼһҲúóԡ
ӣʦȥɡ
ҵķǺһԵģ¶ǰԼȫˣ䷹
ʲô
ӣ̸⿪Խ
ǳԿɣ
ⱾͲ٣ټϳ¶ģʮء
˪İ壺Уͷ⣬˿⡣
ӣͷԾ˿ڿˮ
ͷŴź𣬽ڴƬĿм䣬ζû˵


100 
廨ı͹˿Ư廢Ƥ, гɺƬɫƤϣڴｻźƬͷźը, СĿ, ƤãһûоϸӹӣһƬ⣬ǵ֮ǡ
¶һڵͷм˺, һƬһƬź, ֭ͷ϶, ס¶һͷһſѪںݺͷͷҧ¿һ롣
ʶƬ΢΢ЩζͷҪ
¶Ե۾, кá
С, ־ˡ
ǰ˪Ĳ˲ڲϸһ
ú׼, ʦƼһؼ
ʦ֤ĳ, ʣµľͲô򵥵Ŀ, ҪڲƼҪμһЩõʸ
¶, ؼѣϾͿˮƽˡ
ҪøҼĽ, չһؼһ֮ļʦ͸߼ʦ
, Ѿڱƴ, һѫ¡еﵽ˶
¶Ⱳľһͽ, ȻԼ̵ܽĲ࣬˪ΣؼʦԶһ㣬һ˪ɵģʦô˵ҲմͽܵĹˡ
ֵ
¶ſĸͷӣԵ̫ˣϽͣŰݡ
¶ͽܵТջȥ˯
ӣڣѾӽĸ£ȥҽԺҲȥ˺üˡ
˪ѾʼʶĿǷ룬Ƕٱϴȥʱӣͷһǣҽϴʵľ棬˵иȻǲһҽԺҲһЩȽϡٵķ򲡵İ
ӣʵԼģ
ⲻеƲסԼ
˪Ѽը̳ԵѾˣδʳҲҪͣһ졣
ӣڴͷӺͺң֮ǰȻ¯ӹȻãӷС¯ðżһСŽȥƤѿ¶ɫ⣬ӣϲۣζˡ
ӣ߳ԿԵĿģһǳļԺһֻУȴһҸ롣
ԾԴӽ֮æĽŲء
æʲôأ
ȻæҶˡ
ÿ굽£ýæµʱ࿴ģµģʱ䡣
һǴҶУأ࿴ʣֱܸӰ£ʵһЩԭǣҲܳŹѣٷȥǮ硣
ԾȻܴᡣ
Ǳӣ´ˣԾýǶ˿ڡ
ǰǲԸҴӵģȴ˵ˡ
˵Ծһֱ̫
תҵģһתҵѣԾһֱĲǮΪȵ֪Ҫһܴı仯ʱҪºҲܵиʽɣ
ԾԼİ˰ٿǮתҵѣ˭ߣǮڼĴ£͵ŽºһͰĲӡ
ԾĹҲͣȻǰ;սĸӳΪǲ쵼չˣõһʮǮʡ
ԾˣȻһ㣬ʮֲġ
ЩۺýҲˡ
κԾ۹ߡ
տʼҪͷģҪ顣ýֻܸҡˣ̯Ծ˼¹ǣͼľǸйǳƷģҲԾųĲȥ£ҪľǺúչӡ
֮ǰ׼ˣҲú費õ
⺢Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǲͣȻֱҵý˼һ׵
˹Ը⵱裬ǵֵĺ裡
Եһϣĺѡ˾Ծȥˡ
ԾһΪϴ´ˣҲԶø㣬һûģòס
ԾԼһĶá
Ҫӵġ
Ծĺӵˣ˼ȫԶ𣿱ʱԼǮȫ˱˵Ķϡ
һʱ䣬ýŽȼˣǲ֮
ڣԾòϣֻٽһԼҪˡ
ԼǻٳһţӵȲˡ
ѾڣԾƭԼ
ԶѾƫϱӵķչ·ˡ
ϱӵʱѾڳתҵصҵʱԶȻڴСѧӶǰéҲ£ʮȡ
ĶڣӵĳɼȫףҲƧĮ
ԾеҪҵһŮˣǶ飬ʲôãҪһŮԼҲ졣
ǣԾгĿ£ÿ죬°֮ĵһ¶һ·Сȥ׵Ů
ýĻ֮ǰҵķýڳѾٸýˡ
һԾ֮ǰ˼Ů쵼ӡҲǶ֪ԾҵĺӲǣû֮ǰԾܶĺ㣬ԴӱԶ֮û˼Ҵʯӡ
ԾһٲŰݡ
ǴҾԶû˭Ҳմǡ
Ծֻܰȫиרҵýˡ
ýҲǮ°쵽λĵˣԾ˲ˡ֪ԾϲޣԼԴȫ˳
ΪԾɿ˵ӵҲУýǽ˲ٴӵŮ
Чô
һ죬ԾȥһŶӵɥŮˡԾ⣬ΪǸŮ˳֣˵ͬըһ㡣ⱲٿϵᣬҲƯģԾܲ
ڶ죬ԾȥһŮĹѸԾɲ⣬ǶԷΪ̫磬ŮѾʮˡŮţôס⡣ȹţѵҪŮһݼױ
죬ԾһʵŮԷһֻĶӣҲˬʴׯ︸ĸйģԼֵķӡ
ǡ
Ҳ˵Ǹҵǰ˵ġ
һүǣĥĥ󣬻˼ǰ˵ʲô費ף衣˼꣬ʵ̲ˡԾ֤顣
棬ͼģͼˡ
һҲұ֤ǶԺӺãһһͬʡҲҪҿйģһ쵽ΧźתˡǮȻûһ˸ɼǵ£˵أ
Ծʲô˵
ƽĶۣ֪ǰλʵѡ
ǶԷߣ˵̯ԾȽϲˬ
ûĸ
ϱڳʱӣÿһʱͽȥʰġӣźӽˣõļ⡣
ÿϰں÷ˣ·ϴĸɸɾ£ѵŮ˵
ҵҪƴġ
˵ˣŮڣѵõƽ취ķܶƴ˵ҲΪңΪͺӡôҪƽϵЩȥأ
Ծ˵
ŮƲ죬·𿴴Ծ뷨
Ҳ⣬˲ԸܣеԸ⡣ûУһ˴źӣзйģҲ
ûҵˣұҲû󸻴󣬵ĸ֧飬ȻҲ֧ѡԼҪ
ڿǳǯأһ¹δرǰ˲
˵ˣû˴ӣǺָժԼҪ̯
أ
ŮԾˡ
ýŴȣԸӣ˵˵ﲻˣ
εŮ˰ɣ˵㣬˼ҵҲ㡣зӣҲꡣΪɶͬ⣿
ԾβĨһҸղĲˣܲ鷳ͬ
ˣȥδҵôġ
ܲӣԽԽãԼȴϱҲɣ
ýţ˵أ
ʲôëڵʱ˵˵Ǳġ
ýɿȥŮˣСʱûۻ
һ˲Ըˣ
ɸֵԾǸ¿Ƣ˵ˣҸӵģҸ¾׳Сӡ
Ծ
ǿԼҲãղſˣȻȥԸǸ
ôõŹȥϧˡ
ýҡҡͷ˰ɣղŸһؾͱźӻȥˡȥҲҲˡ
ʵϷýǲԸٴԾȥˡղӵŮ˵ˣˣڳﱻȥҸ¹ϵˣͥʵġҲʵɿһЩġԸҸʱһӡǰǱ˵ˣǸ˹ϵӲ֣;Ҹ˴ԺѧˣϴԸ⣬ҲԸһ
ýžãԾ޵׵ˣղŮȻŲǣʵ͡
ԼййʣҸʵͷΨһҪǺÿ㣬⻹򵥣
ַӾܴһ
ԾƮڿв֪ʲôʱõлýǮŮǮЩ
Ծͷɥ˼ңҵ֣Լҵˡ
ԶһſſС飬ԾҲֻ̧̧ۡ
Ծ鷳꣬ʰ˷ȥϴ衣
Сʸ磺ôˣ
Զôûɹ¡
Զڲɵˣ翴ˡ
ȥңƾֵı£ҲҲġ
ȥ֡
ﺬǿ¶ǲø
֮ǰְÿȥף綼Ҫȥٵġ
ԶһҳС飺ȥƨҲŵģ


101 
ʮˡ
ֵķΧϿʼ, 갡ԽԽ˼
ϵˣ¹ǲǳű, Ը֡ǲЩЩʲô̵յ, ֡
СȺŷűڣеıСģ޵֨֨ۡ
һͷ߹۹һĿߡ
ҪƱĳӣʮˡͶѰ칫, ҲܵùɣЩ˵Ӿ΢һ, һСӿСͣͬ־, ҪҪӣ
ͷ˿ЩСĿд̰׺ݵĵ˵Ҫ
СһŶ
ͷֶһת뿪
ԶŶҵˣ
ǣһ, ˵ôĿԣ
ûղǸӵĶ
µͨȺڿĵĺ, ӶҪŬԼһġ
ҵСͬ˵Ҵˣ˺Ż︺Ӧġ
֮, ǵ, ҲҪɲ
Ҫô˵Ⱥӿɺءǹ˵ҪɲŮĺǸ٪, һĺɫˡ
ǳûоԣԲ޼ɵķ
⼸ǿǰΧسǵľڶһ, ˵ҲжʮӱյģʮºӶʧ, СϱͳƲȫ, Ҳʮ
⻹ֻΧ, ֪ûڱĵطҲ
˵ɺ޲ɺޣ
Щ˹õַ, ˲ȵ㣬ϴֱ٪ȥСġ
ҲŮĳƭС˵ԼӶˣСǰæҵġ
˵Ļһ֣øղǸɷ˸ŻŮ˰ޣ˵ֳܣ˾Ůͷ˵Լñ
Ҫ֪ɫʲôʱ򶼲ȱ˿Żڲ˾ͺóְѺǶߡ
ȵҳֺӶˣЩԶˡ
ҵҧгݡ
˵쵼ΪɶץǣⲻѾ϶𣿡
Щϸ⼸ҲЩĿ֤˵ģץ˽ˣ
㱿ţûͷ˵Ⱥ˾Ϊɶô𻹸ΪΧسǶˣҪһץҪסǵʵ֤ݣǸǶ
ӵĿɺޣЩҲҪġ
ƽװĺúõģǸȺûʲôˡȴĵĸǲȵ㣬ǵһطôߺӣôȫ뿪ȫЩǸɵ£
˵Щ˾ǱպӼҵѡ
ɺޣ
ҵŭ׺Ǹ߽ưܵӲŰݡ
ҪľǶסȷЩжʱȫץС
ҵͬ飺˵ͷģǲպˣզУ
⣬ǶҵСڷɳǱҲڷ
ϾüͷΧǺüɳġ
ε¼ɲСһسǵľ켸Աˡ
ֻҪ˵ýǼɳõأ
Ҫ˵Ǹ˶ץץһ󣬵Ȼʳʲôˡ
еģ㲻ץУǵʱȫӲȥ
Ҫǲأ
ܴݾߣҪץֳһ򾡣ǵߡ
˵ɣٽô죿

ϾӣҲ
µõİ취ЩЩţŵҪܣ֮ǰȺ˵Ը񣬿϶̼һߡ
ؼǣôǻ
ǸڣǸһﵹǸģڣЩû׼ᱻȰ
Ͼ룬ʱиڸץͺˡ

ڴӴ𴲾Ŵ˺ü硣
ܿһţǲǸðˣҪҸ
ӣû¡
ܿŮǵģҪǲӦ˶˹װģԼԲԣʵһûУ
ҳȥһ
ڴ·˳ԼӼõʮӺȥһͳԵġ
ЩȻǮƱȴֻһ͵㡣
ʮűӿ϶ڻóȥ±˺Եģһȥ
ڳ˴ţſӣ˪
ӣһǺ«Եĸˡ
Ȼ˪Ѿ¶ĶǣѵǺ«İ
ӣ۰Ͱ͵Ķ˪˺һڰ˪ˡ
һǺ«ӣųţʣ¼Ŷ˪Ԥˡ
۾һУСڴкǳȥˣ
˪һ
ʦ֪Ϊɶ͵Եĳȥ
ڿڣͶֻиĵһӡһ㣬þֹӣӦøԼеϱ˵
ڿԷͺͲ
װģ˵ûɰҸɩ⼸궼ٳȥˡ˺ӾҪԺΪء
ӣǺǣһӺ˼˵ʲôԺΪأ
ֺ˼䣬Ŷ߿
ӣſ˪²ۣ˿УһƲ
Ǻ֪ģ濴˭֪ǸĵĻ쵰أ
˪֣⼸ͱˣҸԡ
ʦǱ߷·ʲôŵӣ˪ҲԸоʲôڶǴԺӦҪжˡ
ӣʮȰð
ĴʮַḻӣŻĳԶͣġ
±ɣ
Եҭ͸óԵů档
˪аʲôʽĴ±棿ϱ±滹ǼĻ̫ԭģ
±Ҳнġ
ϱ±棬õˮ㹽ľƻˣɢ廨⳴ͣĢʣݷĸɻٹͣμͣ±Ӹߦϣ涥ǽһСըĻ͡ŵ΢΢ը棬͸Źɹ֮ĺˡںϽ±ԵʱעⲻϹͣȵˣ±Ҳûй±ոβ죡
ϱĴ±棬ļ±Եϵ˵㡣Ƕ˵ԸһˬϺ϶ôϿüϻƶľǼ֮ټӵཷ߽СҲɣŨĽ֭ŽƵļ飬ҲɣͷеҲܳԡ
ζĴ±Ÿϱ࣬õȴһͷؼϺ±˲㣬һĲ˰롱͵Ĵ棬ӵ׼ʮ
̫ԭĴ±õ⣬ľ㹽ƻˣ߼ӵףͳһѾ²ˣ±֭
ӣֻҪһ룬;ÿˮֱ
ۼ𣿡
̫ԭĴ±棬Ҫʣµ⣬껹ٴոͭԺ
˪û
ҲûʲôҪߣⲻĥԵĥɶ
÷ĳҲ˼٣Ͳסᣬ˼ȥ
յҵĵһ컹ã÷ڵĻת˼˼߸Լ裬ĵıġ
裬ڶ˵ˣǱߵĹҪٵȵȣͱˣ֪ܲ˵˼ҿ϶úñֵģٹʱ䣬Ҿҵʱתˡ֪ڶҿɺˣ
÷̵˵ʱҼˣͰѹСܣۼȻҲҰֵĹСҪǲýӰǲǸãʡļͰ͵ġ
÷ĸƳһŮ֪ͺáۼﲻȱˣͽţҪ㻹ҽ͸ø㱨ˡɱ𲻵£ҪǼ޳ȥˣڻ£ۼҾͶˡҲܹϺӡ
ӣ˵÷ģⲻô˸Ůʸ˼ҵ˼ôһֱϵڡ
û취ˣСͱҵ÷ܼ޳ȥ͵硣
һһ磬Ǽ÷磬Ƕ硣
붼Ҳ֪´ţŮҪǱߴͨġ
ͨ˺ðǼһֱŹģҪϸ׼ң󻹲ܸĻͥˣ
ͷȣŮڼ̵߳ȥҫȥˡ
÷ָʾսȭͷ
ΰס֦迴ı¡
÷û뵽ǣڶ죬ͷ˱ʡ
øҫһ죬ڶ컹Ǹ˴һ˵лģҲҴš
ŵҪæԼҵȴҪʹҫѾе㷳ˡ
ͻȻţϽվˣ
¹˭Ͻɣ
һɲˡ
ͬ־һƬסĵˮġ˵˾ٱ˵˰ҹߣ
ھһĴȣղſŵأҪʵߣͰķŵˡ
쵼ȷʵ£
ھָͷĵ߸״֪ĸ˶ӵģߣտʼһΪ˭ҹģǼҲԸġ˵˵ȱ²ȱ£±Ȼ֪ߵĲǼһңܱߺüҶˡ಻㣡ǼҺӻھӼҽдҵò׸޺˰ɣôţֱˣ
ɲģҲóֽʾͿʼ¼ھ߶߶˵Ǿһһǡ
쵼⵽ܸܲ۳Źˣٽˣһֱզ죿
һ˵ҲϷӳģϾ˵Ҳ㡣
ڱ˰ΣڿԼļ϶
Ѱ˼ԼھǰҫٶҲûãһŮı£
ͬ־ãҲǳְȲļǰ棬Ǽ¥Ƿӳί𣿡
ǵģǳҪӳȥ
õβҪǿԷӳͬ־𣿡
ҫ˵ĸϸǸǳ칫ҵĸƳڵġ趼װĸɲ
ֽʵüͷ΢΢һ
ڣ
ô˵ԣڣŮأǷӳһӿӼİģ
˻һۣͬ־ίûˡ
ãզûԵǸ칫ҵģ
һñӵ̲סˣͬ־ίѹûг칫š
һϣǽгҲίǶһš
þúˣܣİҼǴˣǳġǲǱĲţԣһǱĲŵģ
ñУίûġװҲûС
զֲ֪˶ʶ
ñû˵ίûôˣ£ҲŲһٸզܶʶװ͸ЦˣҾסװƬģ˵װÿҲܶʶɲҶ֪ģûġ

ھڱȻһɻ󲻽⣬ȴʢĺˮһʹ죡
ɫһĹ򣬲ھӿȫǾ£һȺˡ
룬ɶ£
Цˣҵ˵ŮһɲͥզǸƭӣ
һƭӰɣ᲻ǼǴˣ
ŶԲϣզƭӣ
Ǳ˵ҼҹҲ˵һ£˵÷ǸдŰŤ˵м˲ƴأ
ƴ˭Ҹɲ
ǿϱ̯˰ɣ
ǺǣǰЩǰһһίզզصʱˣ԰Ǿ·ܰίԺƵġ

һ·գյ˶ˡ
ŮҵĳǼٵģ
ϢһӾͰûˡ
û֣ججߡ
յҾͿ÷ӭ
裬á
ž
ø÷һ͡
÷һӾͳˡ
Ѿͷƭ˭ƭңǶˣ
òܲץŮʹ
÷޵裬ƭʲô
ŴŮʹȥˡ
ȵѣɫڵѾڴߵˡ
ˢһⲻҡ
˭֪÷ǴĶһƭӵģ
ƭĺÿడ
˳̣β˵ⲻУǵðǸƭҳ
ҳŮһӵҪˣ
֪Ļ˵ƭˣ֪ĻΪŮƭƻƭɫء
̳ƣĿȴӼᶨ۵ҵˣ˾ٱˡȻͷҲˣ÷ⱲӾͶˡ
˵͵󻹿ԣΪѵŮѾŴԺ֪ˡ
ҪǷԣҪ˶þ͵˵÷л
úܿˣĨᣬݵң
ðƭӾݺݴһ٣


102 
ĽֽǳӰ, עĻᷢ˺ȻǸղ˵ȥ¹ʵνɲ
ñӵһĸղŵɫЦǺǶ۵ͷ档
ԸѾϢͱȥˡ
һеҲŮĿܴ, ߵʱǴԺѾˡ
ͷֺǺǸС˸ֽ, ǹҲæǵѹǮ
ñֽ˵̫ˣԺֱҾ͵ãǽڵ˿Уƭ˵Ļһһ׵, ˸Ūסˡ
ղֵһͨ, ʲôίװ, Ǻ˵ġ
ίûģ
УûС
ίָûг칫ŵġ
٣ǴļŪûġ
ǸڵҲǾ, , Ϲݸ壬֪, ʱĶʲô칫, ǶǳԼеĲ, Ӫֻ֮һ
ͷǺһЦ۴Ŀգߵ˲ܸɳĻˡ
ò¶֪, ǳúÿСʱòٿ佱, ǳں, һ˵, Ŀ佱ֱӰ˸Ʈˡ
ѧҵ, д黹Ҫƴ治֪ĶĵԼüҵ׾ˡ
ͷСҲ֪оڶţ¸ɾ˭Ҳ鲻ء
ղСӴȥŲ·ûⰡȷʵһŲ·ٽˣĵλŲ⡣ѯһ£ˡ
ڻȥˣҲ鲻ˡ
˵ˣûʲôģǸ÷ĹҪҫԼҫ£˭Ҳš
ͷؼСƣģ͵Сϻף̹
÷˵õˣͻȻƲͷˤˣŵص֡
˭ܵˣ
ҡͷֻǲţôأ裬ŪǲǣôǸƭӣ˵Ҫһȥĸİ
ڼһֱ˼붼Ǽ޸˼ңĵܵܺҡ֮ǰǼƵףͼľǼһɲͥ˫ְļͥ趼Ǻء
òҪȴõһ˵ҵǸٸɲ
ܽܡ
裬밡ôǸƭӣǸƭӣͼʲôأ
÷ᶨʱ䣬Ǹ춼ʮüˣҪƭңǮղ
÷ĵʵϣڳִ󷽣ҲҪһڱǲģĻǮֻ
д飬һһġ裬˵ƭ𣿡
÷ɷϵǣصڵļͱҲһֵŮϵġ
ƽ࿴ξҪµĴ󻷾£ЩΪ֮ҡ
÷û˵ڵǣҲûжֶŵģÿദʱһ羴˵
ͷͷǵЩʲôƺ͹÷ǷĵľһһǧﶼѼһ˲ţ
Щ֣ôǼٵģ
黹ãһ飬øˡ
죡
һ㻹˼˵Ǹ飬㣬ǲǸĹ԰յˣǲǽ㹤ѿˣҪҪô˽ܵĶſ˶֪ǲǣ
÷ϵĻû˵꣬ੲݵ
ͲǰɣҪǸɲд鶼ƴ𣿡
ǲӣ

ýܲ˵ľˡ
Դ÷ƭٵĴڴԺ÷ĹмҲڵżȻ÷ƴ¡
ˣ
Ŷ̧ͷ·±ʵϡ
ĿѣӺŮҪȫҵ棡
ĺģ÷޵Ŀ
÷˵ˡ
ˣ𳳳ˣ֮ǰ˸֮ǾһҧƭС÷ǿȢС÷ģС÷Ը⣬ЩҲΪ˱С÷ͷ
˵ǵȻ©ϾʱһһŮĺţһ㲻Ů˱ȡ
ʲôأ
Ҫǲҳѵɱ˳ЦǼŮʸ֦ʵһƭ
ǿС衪ˣ
һһڵĳ̣üĿǹ֡
ҸҸǶ˵ˣҲڼˣȥϢûɢϽҵ
Ķ£ǳġ
ǰͷҵ
ŮҲˣզҰһسǶء˵ˣ˻δسǵġ
˵ֵһ÷
֪͸ø㱨磬Ҳû̯£
ȫҴŶӶҪ̧ͷˣҵӰ࣬ۿ͵࿴ˣֳôһ̯ɽô죿
һ˷ķĿ

÷Ӧһ
һϤĹƿ˵ԭڼҰ˵һȦû㡣
÷ֿЦⲻǼ£ɴһ١
²ãڵλҲĻ̣Χ˶ڱЦ
ڼҸɵˣϽ߰ɣ˵ҵǸˡ
ʲô
÷ǸǾȣô죡
˵ɲôҲǸˡ˰æʣʵһСᡣС˵ģǸѹʲôίһӪķԱ
˼ķɿ졣
Ա
ӪķԱҲģ
룬ǸѾͽ˵Ѿˡ˵ǰѹˣھרڼҳźӶˣӽͦģǸʦ

кӣ
÷һ׹Ԩ
÷ǰһڣ㶼Եڵϡ
ͬĿһۣϽȥɣѾڹӪ󷹵ſڵˡ
÷ְߣṬ̌һϡ
ҰѼҸţ÷˸ʲôˣ
һӡ
զ֪ǸƭӰ˵ͼɶкӻ÷ǰװࡣҪ
÷Ѿһľͷˡ
ڵϣӶǸղ˵Ļ
мңţкӡ
һһҪ壬ʵ벻ףΪʲô˻ƭԼ
÷һŮˣþ׷
һڸϵſڣ˼һš
÷͸¶һ˵ִžܲˣڷſھԼ󲮾ʣĶĶ
÷󲮣÷ƽƽǵȥô졣
ִŵ£ȻҪŪж
һʲôƭҼң͸ȥ͸ģҸŮϵȥѷ
÷üе㿴һûʲôӵĵϱ
÷ֺܿˡ
ƭԼңôƽ׷ŹȥܣҸŮϵɾٱˣ᲻ǣ÷ҲǸ⡣
ŻƭˣǸʲôӦҲҪء
÷һ磬Ҿȹȥֿñ֪ƭҼҹҼ÷ȥġ
¹ô÷ֵһҪǰԼǹȥԵ˵طȵ׮¡
ºٹͽأͷβ١
ǵÿ˼ѹ£Ǳø÷һ㲹
ᵽøϿ죺ǣٵиһٿ飡
Ůˣ˵ǱƭҲ˵ˣǶ˵׵Ǯһʣ
÷ûõĻϱŽ˵ʱǾ˵У;ٱɡ
˵ֻҪܰڹȥøһٿǮ÷־;òٱҲеġ
һٿ飬ȢϱǮˣŮͽȥ
ģǰ÷һߡ
һӶţ粻˳٣ǽͰ꣡
һȺ˰÷мƺƵȥϾ
ӣ˪ڼĥ⣬ζɢԺӡ
Ҳߵſھŵˡ
ģɥеȻ⣡
ˣ
һȺ˰ԺӴײ
£أأҹ
ڸȥͬ˷ڼеĻνţܿæǰæӱ
ſڰСĻҩһȼĻ𻨴IС⣬𾢡
ͻȻһȺɷĳ
Ͻ˻
Ƽ󱦣÷ǵʣˡ
ԭкӣ
ǺôˣѾʮˣ
ڣҹ


103 
÷һҪҵ塣
ҳƭӣ˵ƭҺÿడ
һ˺ƺİһԺ˶ˡ
ȥ, ɶ°
զˣôΧţ
ǸŮ֡
ȥ
̣緹ˣ
ȷϡ

ҵ˶ˢˢ, ҵǱġ
ӣһ, ԹϵĴҡ
ûھͱ˪ȥſڿܳȥ
ӣ
ðɣȥͲȥ
ӣ²ſڴϿ֡
÷һɤʵ̫˺ѷΣദʱͦڶû
ûûҲ֪, żæžݶ㡣
ȥȥűץ
￴һ, Ҳ鲻, һţܿͷͳȥˡ
ܿȻǼǵԼǸʦŷŲţһȺ, ǿǳסơ
˭˸ģ
ҵˢˢú÷
÷ʣأƭôʱ, ܵóҸ˵
ܿü˭㣿˶һʶ㣬ɶ˵
Щǲ֪ν, ĶóóȻܵ˼Ҫ˵ģЦ𣿲֪ĻΪ˸Ůеʲôء
÷ֻ֪, ÿʮֵĲá
ǰһͰŮ, ŴɤžͿʼߡ
Ǽһ˼˵ƭҹŮ˵ʲôίĸɲ, ˵ԼҰǶĹ١ҪŮŮԸ⣬ôģϱǲǣҽ˳ҲûôǣͷƭأŮ, ǱִţƤ˵ԼΣҪҪ
ҪѯĹԺ
ܿ, ǵµ˸ɾ
ǼھͲǸ˵ԼʲôװɲĶ, ίĸ, װģ˵ʲôǳ칫ҵĸơޣҿˣίûţӲУǻװ࣡
ԺΧ۵ˣ
һУǺ˼ƭŮ˵ĵĶι˰еĳҡײƭҪǷֵ磬ⲻǴˣå𣿡
һǲҪץȥǹӰ

û˵ֿ죬ܿûҵĵط
ȵ˵һ飬ԺѾ˲ˡ
ǱԺģԺӵҲ˲١ΧſƣЩĻԾԾǽͷ
룬֣ˡ
ҵòõģզҸŮϵ
ɲô濴
ɶģ˰ѹڼţɼǸûԵġ
˵Ҳ̫˰ɣԺȶ˼ܿģֻͷʵǹֵĺܡ
ɲôſɣһǣŮˣܿҲҪ֡

ȷˣɹԼҵ˵ͷϣҲܿͷȡ
ܿһӾͱͻһ˶ˡ
ﻹȵסͿʼ
˵ǸƨҶӺõúܣ£˵ɶɶˣ֤𣿡
Ŀһۿ޵Ĳѵ÷ŮҲǸõģС潸˵׼ǿҶӳúãģ촽һ˵ɶɶˣһ˵ŮЬҶأ
ƨǸå
ŷƨŮǸЬ
å
Ь

Ů˶˵
÷ֻſȥˣܿһľȻ
ûˣͱһѶϱ˵СܿɱϹ˵ʲôܲʱиѽҪΪ㣬ʱզܡ
£ܿҰȥ𽥼ᶨ
ǰڵΪ˰ĹҲᶪߵڣ˴󱦣ݸ鲻Ǳܱȵϵġ
ܿ÷Ѿǿ˵ĳޣǴЩ
÷ӵϷٶΧ˶ɵˡ
üһǸɶ
ܿӽ¿˰ɣ
¹ôΣҲܿ÷һҪ˵ģŮ޳ܲǿްɣⲻ֤˸ڶеʲô
զܿƽ
ӣԹϳԵĽζﱧװ͹ӵӣ
˻˻еզģˣŻܲ
ʵ֤Ҷˣֹܿǲ÷֮һʹϧͬ顣
λͬ־ϣףҸɷĸǺ̵ġǲִջķޣҲĥڲ֮ˣཻ֪ˡ
ˣ緹ûԣզеأ
ֶΣֻ˺ԼҲ֪ô˵ģ˵Զỳҵɷ򡣡
ܿһͽ˶֪жమҡ
ˣ
ҪҪ˵ʲô
ӣҲһ۵ı飬Ť˪²ۣܿǲմˣӦɡ
ֱˡ
ӣѬ֮£˪ҲǿܸӣԻ·ˡ
֮ǰӣ²۹ܿԸҰ˵ģȻҲ֪˵һ˵Ĺ¡
˪ߵӣߣ͸Ĵ棬䵽һʱһ¡
ҲЩζ
ӣûϿ˪Ϊڽơ
ܿһʱ̬֮ҵ˶궯ˡ
ĻԲǰɣ
Ĵ˳ˣ಻סˣ
÷ܿһ˵Ҳˣɫɷ״ԭء
ܿΪԼ˵£̾ϢһĳȰ㻹ᣬ֪ǸˣҪ֪һӺܳġ㲻ѡ㻹ķϣҾͲ׷ĹˣԼ˵ɡ
ã
ˣ
ڶˣ
Ů˾ǹģ
֪Լ˲ǸΪάˣԹװӣ
кŷδҪնķޣ
ɷĲҪӵľȻôҪĹˮ
һɤӣֱӳǰŮʵأأóó˿
÷һɵڶĸһķӣΡΡĴӶͳһ
ڸдģһʮš
ðͰ͵ֽܿϣ㿴𣿿ⶼڸŮд飡𣿡
ðһȦΧǰһһڸŮд飡Ǽˮ
ö˲ʯܿݺ˵ġ
ĵãҲһɵˡ
鰡ΧȺ˲
˻СʱɼҲɣզϲ᲻£
дأ¿Ѳˡ
˵ڻ᲻ᱻͽȥⲻˢå
Ϲ˵ɶأҿᣬܿӲܺĵġ

ܿȷʵɵˣ÷˵һжǼٵģģҲֻᰲοԼڵһСʧ
顭
ǲԼһ˵ר
ﻹҪԼ˵Сܿ㿴󱦰ôܻᱳ£û׼ŶǼٵģԣһǼٵģ
ܿһ䣺𣿡
϶İôܻᱳд鰡ǶǼٵģģ
ܿһ£һͷãеš
еֽѰңֽɴ۾
ڡ
ܿһֿЦֽϵݣȻǸĳд棡
ֵƴһģһ
ڣҹ
ܿ㱼ں˭ںأ
ŶԭԼ
ܿԼŭɶ͸䷿ӣڣҳ˵
ΧһƬȻ˭Ҳûϵһ֣Ȼ
沣ﲻǹԺ𣿻ܣ
沸hС˵ٵȵȰɡ
ôÿϷȵӰ֣ôء
Ҷס˺ȴ
ǧ򻽵ģڼʵǶ㲻סˡ
ܿѾڷıԵҵ˻ʵˡ
ҲڵĲǱģǺôմ÷
ֻҸŮװư
Ϊʲô
һ͸ϽĵǸСܿҶԲ㡣Ҫҽͣģ
һڽͰҲ
ڣл˵òã
÷һ˵ĿˣǰǻһôۣȴһֺģֻΪסš
ʲôˣ
ܿ˵ɣš
ٻ磬Ҳˡ
զ˵ƭܿٲ˾Ҫ÷ס÷ܿͷǾҪѹ
ֻʲ죬˴Ȼ÷ҵ
ʱȺжһ۾ֵͷͻȻ˲Ⱥҹ˵һ¡
ͷǺǣ⵹Ǹ˼ˡ
ʹ˰ϲһ鿴֡
οǰִ֡
ڸ㲻ŮˣˣҲҪҸ̨ʼ̸⳥
˺͸÷ֳˡ
÷֣С϶Ҫһ˵ģǵȥ̸
ﰵǵϷˡ
˵˵ȥΪĲǮ
ãǮ
ǱΪ
ģҪ÷Ůɽȥ
ҵ˵ţҲתڴҶΪǽⳡ־սʱ
ܿ˵ˡ
ڣ㲻Ҹ˵Ǿ飡
ˣ
ɴ۾Сܿôô˵ڵΪô˵ģ㻹ǵ𣡡
ܿȻһЦҼǵãҪ顣ǲɳӵģȻд飬Ǿ͵ͬڸһˡǷģһշްնҲȥģֻҪֿûˣֿô죿
ԴһƬհףǸղô֣ûôͷ۹
ܿɶ˼Ϊ˼ţʹ˺ͺӣԸ飿ô飿ˣ˭Լһ˵ĳԺȿҪôأ˵ʲôģʲôԼΪҸƱΪϧһϷΪôӣ㻹
ܿĨһϵˮˣɡڰ顣
ܿ˿ߡ
һԹϵ˷ܡ
˻þûô߳ĴϷˣ
ͷܿˣϽһСᣬ˼䡣
ô˵ھȥ֮ܿǰ͸˵
СͷɿŸȥˡ
ͷȺźڡ
Ǻǣ뻨Ǯ֣ûţ
ܿˣʣµҲɢˡ
Ͼҵ˶ţȻҲҪ˵ˡ
ֿ꣬һӡ
Ժʵǲ̫ƽ
ǰЩҴܣұţһͨҪˡ
޳󳦰С
ӣ棬˪
ܿҾǸ¡
Ҵģһ쵽æƵġǽʦĺùƫƫһ쵽תʵǺడ
ƽĶۣӣܿ˵ϲҲ˵ᡣ
ܿЩദǿˡ
һ㶫Ǽһ㶫ֱ׳顣ܿÿνʹ׵Ķܲ˼˵Ϊǵ߾£Ҳǿ
󱦣ܺһﶼųţΨܿᶯ
ӣ¶ۣҪ˲źأ
ܿпɾһȵģ˾ˡ
˪һ
ҵûþͽҵ˲֪ô̸еģڽơ
ǡʱ˪Ĵ±Ҳˣϣ׾²Ư̵ľ²˶Σɫ֭±ȵķУžͽʳָ󶯡
ӣ׼֮ˡ
ţ˪ȥţһͱͷѬյġ
˿ʵĿӣӣǼҵûжģʢɣǼдҪá
ˣǹˣôûͳôã
ӣûأǼҾ룬Ҹ˪һһ롣
Ƿģôֱ׳Ҫ
ߺߵģǽ˪ɣԵ֡
ӣһɻ󣺡û˯Ѱɣ֮ǰ˵û˵ҪҼҪҼûǶʳ򷢽лء
ЩھӶǺ⣬
ôЩھܰæ˵䣬ҵô
⻹ǽأԶ׶磡
ǰﲻæԵΪɶУ
ӣóһףʾ˪š
ﵲţڲ鲻Ը˵ҸǮ
ҵǼˣӳģԼҵĶ̴ҪԺõģһʡ˪˳ǣ˻ô顣
ӣǺһЦǮҲⲻ˪Ȱڳȥ򣬷㻹û
˪һ°Źϡ
ǲɲ䡣
ӣŲأߵһȦ˱ǣ±㡣
ӣ˪еĲɣʵôˣҸղе㲻̫ԡ
˪ӣ˵ûֵ
ӣģʲô
˪̾ղλڵϿ޵ģǽʱģ㲻ǵˣ÷ұá
ӣˣʱиǿ׳ıãžǸ
˵ôеءãǡ
˪ͷû̡
ӣզ࣬δꡣ
˪֮ǰ˵̽˳ǣû뵽ǰ
̡ţ賤Ҳ
˪ûϳãҲ򽻵
ӣ˸õƣ֪ģ˪˵ǸˣŽǸ˼ҵѾߡ
ţоԹġ
أ֪ôأŹˡ

һߵܿʧǵ·ϡ
֪ԼҪȥĶ
ң
ǲ֪᲻
ȥѧУ
ѧУͷżˡ
ܿķ֣ԼȻûеطȥ
˳ӣ׼ȳҵķߣѩصģʱûĴް
òˡ
·أһ˷ɿĸ
ܿ
һŹƤñӵСᡣ
˿Щ죬ܿǵ˭
СҲܿ˵һѡ
һƬھӡи¸㡣
ʵΧھǶ֪ءڵ飬ǲΪڶӢ۾ţ
ܿ󾪣㡢㡭
ɱɵˣʲôΪ˽ҽԺȲ˹βƭģʱˣˣΪ˸·ȻװҪǲţȥǸˣ˵ݶǼٵأ
ܿ
С᣺ɱ˵Ҹİ
˵꣬˾Ⱥʧ١
ܿ߬ȭͷ



104 
ڻǸҵ̸⳥
ҵ˶û뵽, ھȻľʹӦһٿ顣
ȵţûմմϲ÷ӻõһٿ顣
һٿ鰡
Ǽֻ÷ϰ, һ¹Ҳʮͷ, һӳԺȻÿ겻ǵǷծͺˡɶʱôǮأ
ÿһľȻ÷˵㻹еˣǰڼҳԷЩꡣ
һٿ飬ȢϱǮˡȵ, ֱӸ÷, ʱԷҲ̫á
ȵ, û׼ܸ˵һҺ£Զһ㣬˵׼Ӷأ
øˣ÷ȴǺܸˡ
÷Ĵ󲮺ͼݸ, û, ǻһԣҲġ
Ϊƽ, Ѽһȫ, ⳴ײ, ͷиļ˶˸Ǳ
÷󲮿ŵܵɫ, ʱĴˡ
Ӿʣһڡ
÷ûˣŵһϱ
, ȴ֪ɶ, һӾõһٿ, ⻹ֵ˸ˣ
÷﹣Ļš
ǹŮһٿ, ҲǷ÷޲ȥ
á
ˣ
һھһٿû⡣
÷ǲǿˣ
֪֪͸˵ٿ飡
Ҫۣܾ͵ػǮأ
˲ٶٵģҲһҪǿ
÷ﲻԼǱøˣŮһԼ˵һٿ⳥һظûԼʱ¡
һٿ鹻ɶ
Ȼ÷ֻûõһٿ飬һ˵Ҫȳ룬Ӧô÷ǶǿɲǼҵӺ÷˲һٿ鲻ˡ
ͬˮһˢǿࡣ
÷֣͹һٿ飬ûڣ˵һٿ͸һûʲô
һãȻڣ˭ҪǸƭӣղųԷ֮ھɿˣǻŸȥˣȫǮôӲôһٿ顣
Ķ˵Ͽڣ
÷֣ûڴӦ̫ˣ
õͷɲ̫ô֮ǰˣҪʵǲͬ⣬ǻһ˲صġʵڲУʮҲǿԵġ

ʵľԼû˵ɶԷͬˡ
÷֣
ˣ
ôҵôһ
ûڼҵӱȽϺ㿴Ӧôһٿ鶼Ǯһġ
õɴ۾˲伱١
ץס÷ֱֵۣ˼ǡ
÷֣ˣҾǾҪ̫
ô˼ǣǸǮģιǿɲܽ÷ˣҪ÷Ӽ޹ȥ밡ôǮǵʱ÷Ӽ޹ȥӽб𣿰ϣ¿ɺˣǲһ⳥Ҫһʲء
÷֣
ˣɡ
÷֣ܲһ㣿ǸûģҪǮǮһҪ˵׼ʲôʱлˣҵ˼ǵڶҪ㣡㿴Ӧô֪ǾӦҪ٣˵ҲܴӦġڻǵȥǮʱҪ㣬ǲܴӦģ
һԼ˵Ļȫ˵ˣ÷һ
ȷʵûŰŮ޵ңͿڵž֪ҾǸ˼ңԼҹŮȻˣǵʱ¼ˣô˵ҲõҪǼ޵ңû˵ҲҪȥء
˵ˣڼҪмҵףҲǲܼļҵףֲټ˭֪Ǯɲɾأ
÷˵꣬һӾɵˡ
ȵֻ꣬һͷ
ˣ
Ůˣ
һɤӾҪȥ÷
÷ϴ˲ÿ£קһߡ
ɶãô˵
ʲôô˵ʵ˵һٿǮǲӦ˽ˣ
÷룬ȷʵҲǡ
ʱװ̫ʲôãǾǷˣ
ھǷڣ˭ɣ
Ҳ͸һå
ȵߵԺſڣ˵״̬Ѿȫˡ
÷УЩˡ
õҧгݣʡ
УΨ÷ľһŸĸԼ۽ĳȥ
·һˣֻһûиľͷ

ҵļͥ˹ȥˡ
һΧһ𣬻Ǹ¡
һΪѣӣզۡһٿǮʵ̫ˣۼұ˵һˣʮûа
ܿڣһٿ鶼ͲοܿҲˡ
ʵɶҲûУⶼ˳ˡ
۵⣬ǮԼ
ϱˣҪô죿
˵žҧгݵ
ܿЬܣ治ǸͬãԼǷˣԿҪĶŮˣӶ治Ǹ
žһ
󱦣˵ǲǲǸ㿴˶㣬û㵱¡
󱦸ղ˶ʱŵĲҿһ˵Ҳöԡ
ɲôΪɶˣզһߣȻ˵ĶԣǸЫӣ
׶ӶҪǶЫʲô
󱦣ҲҪˣ
ԣҪ
˵Ӳ̯ǻҪܿ
ܿҪôأ
Ӷ겻ˣҪǼûܿĹʡ

߼尾ţͷѵһ䡣
ôͷʶӡ
ɫǲùܣҵȥܿ
ǮǮǲģڼ¹ΪϣΪʵϣøܿŪ
ܿڣǮ
ûܿǮҪôͣ
ͷһô˵̾Ͳˡ
֪Լ벻ܿƫƫϻ̲סֽ˼䡣
ɶĶôסģ͸Һúôţ۲֪Ǽҵĺã
ɫͬīˮһڣ˵ˣ
˲֪֪ġܿǲһġ
գŮˡ
÷һܿһ
Ҳһ
ôЩŮ˶ô룬ôˣôΪ룿
ǾͲʵʵĵһΪãΪҵأ

سǵһߣվļԺ
ܿĸ׺ΪʲôͲҸĻΪʲôҪһƻ̰޳ݵ˵ɷ򣿡
ܿ޵̫ã˶Ѿˡ
ĸ˵˾˸ղιȥֱɩӸѡ֮ĸϺݺݴ£ֱʹ޳
ôôɵ㵱Ϊʲôһ׮ڣҪ˵ˣҸֵͷ죬͸װףΪ޹ȥôЩĿͷ˵˵㣡˵˵Ƕ޴
ܿҲ֪Ĳ֪
ڽϣ˵֮ܿŽɵȥһȥüεһ˼ҡ
ǻ˼ҵʱģ˵ڰ˴ˣҪİٿ顣
ڵ˵ǲԼԸ⽫ӪĹǮ͹ˡ
ʱֻһŮܿܿڵ㣬ԥڵ塣
Ÿ˱湦˵ŲҪ𣬵Ǿȥǻ˼ҡǻ˼ʨӴ󿪿ڣһھҪü١
ĶڣܿԼһҵľǡǱ˳صİ
ܾԼһڻǺúõģһԱĹҲĺ
Ϊ滩ĸڣܿ˹ĲΪŵıﲻһɷɢɻ
ôȻһеƣ
ܿȥǻ˼ҵʱѾǱסˣԷ˵ǰһֱһˡֻмȥ¡
ģ
ܿһưˮͷ
ججңڸĸǰ
Щƭ߸ĸ
ջ˸һǶ⣬ĸ׵ĴȻĸ׵ӵ
ﷺỨµҲˡСƫƫŵѧʱڵߡ²˵ȻǺã㲻룬ҸǱ𣿡
Щ꣬ѧУĶкüͣǶ͵ѧУ쵼ѧУ͵͵ġ
ȥʵ̲סʮ飬Ǯ㶼룬Ҷôˡ˺ӣĸҪˣʴûʸ֦ҲûڶĽȴҺ赹Ǻġ
ܿܲסָ𣬹˵֣ҲǡҾǾûǣҲûҪǲҡЩ꾭ȥ赥λ͵͵ǣҲҼǣΪ¡֮ǰ֯˼ë£ŸǱ󱦸̣ˡ֣ҶԲǡ
ܿĸױŮҪ˵ˣ˵ˣСܿһֱӣֲǲ֪οûġ
Ҫǣô죡
ܿĸױŮڵҾ㣬ԼǸʲô㡣
ܿ᣺Ҫͽȥ
ʮ꣬õʮ꣬ϣ
Ҫָ˵
ܿĸչŵüͷûкͿס
һ£˵׼ʲôɸûйҸŮϵֻ´Ĳء
ܿҲزأǻڳ죬ˡ
ҲỤ֮̊߳ܿ˼·ޱ
Ҫȸڳ죬ֳ֤ɵģ֤Ҳˡ
ͳ÷һ飺֤ȫˡ
ʱͿǱˣҶ£ҲᷴڣǸ÷ֻҪͻ˵ˣååеĿأҲǺüꡣ
ܿĸĸǿվģС쵼ܿĸһŮĴ㣬Ͱ
һȥɳǰ齲ʱȰץˡȻ㣬͵͵ȥһǸ÷ġ
ܿĸ׼ʶһЩһǸ÷İ費Ǻöȥ̸⳥ɼǲѹŮˡƹ裬͸˽ֻҪҧסڣڳŵǮҸһˣҺ磬ҿԸŪȥһĵط
ֻҪܴУһ࣡
ܿ𾪵Ŀף֡
һֱΪǲϲġ
־ֲ˵
Щ˵ˣѶû
ܿĸǴӴ˾ģдŵ㲻þĺݣ۸ҲǹҪûżȻ֪࣬δʲô
δʲô
ܿ˸ս
֪࣬δֻ÷ҡ
÷磬أδӿһף
ǰԼĹե֭ι˵һ
ܿģ
һͬ飬Ψܿɩ˵һ䡣
ǡСõĺӡ
ܿһ˿ʹ
˵ʲôԸᣬǾ󱦡
Ӻ޹˻ԵĲ
ܿĸ׽סŮ֣˸ƣѹҪ˵ɷ򣺡ȲҪʵ㣬ǵʱһ롣ڵ֮ǰͽȥǲԭµġ˵𣿡
ܿͷᵹĸ׻
һʵϷģܿû֮ǰĸһֱǽġ
ڳ˵һУĸܿȥϴϴ˯
һڵڣѾҹˡ
ŸΪʲô˵Ǹ󱦣ֲû͵͵ȥСС;ѧһëԸѾŤתˣҲǸСܿϵرõӣҪѺѹСܿϣ
ĸôЩôСܿԸӲģҪȰҪӣôͬ⡣
ĸһ£̾Ӷǵծû߮壬ʲôԼѵҪ𣿡
ܿծܿѵǷ޵ծ


105 
ż˵жܿ, ڶһ磬Ÿʹȥɳ͸ίᡣ
֮طȥŸɳòס¡
Ҳ, Щ˶, ܶطɳͻ֯ίȡְܡ
ûϵǣŸȥɳһ˵
ԷһУŰǺ£ŮŤ, 󻹲Ǻӣ
ʶ, ŸĹŮǸ, Ϊ˲ϵġ棬ѻΪŸˡ
˾֪ˣŮʡĸ
Ÿ̾˭˵أֻ˳˳Ļؼ, ǲٽ, ҲһڳԵġʤڱ˼ţ
ɲô, ղ˵Ůҵ˽ʲôţ
Ÿ, סǱ, иĸ֮ǰڹӪԱ, ֪Ϊɶ£ͰѹˡϽܽӲʵʵھǶ, ǼһŮ, ʲôٵģ
ѵͷû, å, СܿͷǵûϹϵǣϡʣµǻҪǸɶ÷ȥʡ
ŸĵҺãˣȵһźŮȥǸ÷Ͷܰס
˼£ڡֵǹֶġ
ûŸ˵һĴȣ
˵أڣڣɲ𣿣
һȥϱһ£Ű
Ѹٵܽһ칫ңûһһг߰ţһȥ
Ÿ
ԣֻܸһߡ
˵˵طͿһϾӭ
Ͻ˵ܸ˭ץˣ
Ͼ⼸춼û˯ãĽĲ˶˷ϣڲ˳ˣ˵˵ڲǸ粻̫׵Ůͬ־ҸϵҲ˵Ůͬ־ʲôġŮͬ־ץˣٴÿڹץڡ
鱻ϾˣһץУ׽ڴˣȻôҲǾúαٸˮѾˣ£ѱݾߡ
˭֪˻ûбĺأ
أͻȻӵ绰˵üĿˣҵһԷķʽȾˣ
ϾǼ˷ܣ
Ͻͷǽȥ˵
սݣϽ־ͱϾסˣ˵
Ͻ΢һܿں÷£Ͼ۷Ź⡣
úúã²˳٣ھȥץˣ
Ÿڱκģôץộ
һӵľ죬üЦ
ϽûŸ˵ʲôֻű˳ȥʱСŸһ䣺ץȥŮ̬ȣɲź˿˹
ϵСˣһܿ΢һװԼҲǣȥ
ϾǽʮķޣҪ˵һ㶼֪Ҫó̬Ⱥ֤ݵġ
Ÿһ飬˶ˣ˲䱳Ͼ˺
Ӧһ㶵ߣߵһԴ
ˣźŮȥ÷ˣɱֳʲô

˵ܿߣĸžǸºˣŮȥ÷ҵļԺû͸Ϥҷ޵ƷҲ
֮ͶŮ˵ˣ˵Ĳࡣ
ʵϣŸ˵ĸһԺûܴõģ÷֣ڴԺԵˡ
ĸǺˡ
÷ĸĸԽ÷ӦļʾԽ
Ȼĸ˼С÷ȥһƧĵط̸
÷صҾǴģҲʬࡣ
ԼѾˣĸǮ˿˵ڲǸϵˮҲøɾĶȥ
⻹ˣĸѾ˵ˣͰʱĻˡ
÷Լĸĸôôİ
ǰֻ֪ΪĸʣڿˣԼܸĸôǾͻһԼԶ
÷ǰܿܿҲ÷
ȫԯ޵ˣȻΪһ˽һ
ܿһĸĸȴʮƭ
÷һ˫õ׵ĸĸǰ;δ
ĸĿĺȷϣָ֤ܳڡֻҪ֤ڣǻ㡣
÷૵ʲô
ĸĸĸ
ĸǿԸһǮ࣬㹻ԼʹˡȻǻԸ㰲ŵԸԣĵطȥӡ֪ģӺͲҲһģЩԣĵطǳԺȶ㣬ҲûкܴĲ㡣
ͱسǵиĴӣ⼸ҩģ˵ǿҩģڼҼһǮأһѧУ֤˴󲿷ֵĺӶѧ
ĵطǺõط
÷
ܿĸе㼱ˣĸ׵֣˵
ܿվ÷ǰͬ־˵Ļԣϣ㲻Ҫϡ
÷ûзӦ
ܿѵ˵ǵ㣬ǳǸ
÷쵽죬ʼٸߵڣǸĸûһ˶˵Բ
˶ָ·Լ㣬Լ̫޴ڣֻͬܺߵܿ˵һԲ
÷СԽԽ
ܿĸ׵֣ꡣ
÷Ըġ
÷±ӣԸ棬ֻҪܵͷôС
ĸϲãǾ磬ڣܸһȥɳ𣿡
÷ڡ
÷ļңᶨҿԡ
ûлȥöҲûлȥ˵һ䣬֪ĸڲڼңȥҪǮˣĸͨ
ʵϣ÷ãģѹͲԼļҡ
ĸҳ֮ϣܸҸסĵطҾ͸һ֪ߡ
ĸԵģû⣬Ҷӷֵķһ䣬šȥס£ģҳŵĶ
˸æȥɳ֮ȴѾ֪ȥץˡ
÷¼ܿҲ֤ʡ
ʱȥץ˵ľˡ
ץȴڣ÷ĸĸﱧҲں޿ݡ
︸Ůͱף÷Ͻ˵ǼҸûϵģôץ˻Ҫץͷ
ñɵˣŮ˹ҪҪۣǲ㣡ǲץҵģǣûĸε
Ǹεѣһõ飬÷ȻܿһǵжԵ״̬ȻһɳȽ
Ҳ˲ˣͲܿǰˡ
Сܿ㲻ôİզôģôܰ˸ٱˣⲻǻĸ㲻Ҫ𣿡

ֵһӣֱӰѾǶŪˡ
Ͼüģֿɡ
ⲻֿˣӵ¶һˣⳳֵģĹһ
˷ֿҷ޴һȥǵѺʣЩ˵ʱ䡣
÷߻˵ʾΪʲôץ衣
һһѾȥץˣ˵ǮûҪڰѶٸˡȻǸﲻͬ⣬˾˺мѪҲȥҪʹղסȥʱøϸβ͡
÷л㱣Ҫã
죺ɣǵȥ費׵ģ˭򡣡
ϸϣõΪϮˡ
ǲԩġ
÷һ죬ʵպãסڼȵȥ֪㣬˾͵һȥ磬Ҳкģһ˵Ǹϵһء
軹ˣ÷ȴ˼Զˡ
ǿ֣ջǵõϢ
︸ȴӻˡ
죬ʱȥҪ죡
ǳֻŴһһٵģȥҪҪΪȥǾȫˣ
︸ϣͬ־ңһйһмҪܲͨͨڣ죡òã
ֻҪ죬ͲǽϢҲ˵ܵϱǣ
죺ʲôأҲ°¡ģʺܶˡ
ҲѱǣȫԸˡ
˼ҼǮⲻǵ
︸̱ڵϣһжˡ
ˣȥ֮ѱ
һͶûˣҪô
һߣҵҲ֡
׼ȷ˵֡
ܿǰԭ£Сܿԭڰɣ㲻ҪǴӦֻҪ㲻ˣ
ĸˡ
ŮʲôҪ飬ֱӻϡģ͸ýţ
ﱻܾϽ㿴󱦣㿴󱦡СܿôûаְôŸ׵𣿡
ܿ絶ʣѵĴӺＷһ䣺һչ˺ô󱦵ġ
˵ʲôֲǺӰְ֣ҵĸ磬ֻһְ֣󱦣󱦣˵費Ҫˣ
̲ܿסȥӵͷ󱦣͡
ҲҪģǸŮˣ㲻裡ҲҪ㣡
žһ°ܿĿһɿ̹ǵĺ⡣
ܿ㶵ģ󱦣
Ѿ˻̵ĻҲҪ㣡Ҳã˵ңҸҸǸҲҪ㣡ȥҰֻҪ̺Ͱְ֣
ܿ˲ڱѩ֮УĶӣĺӣ
ĸĿһν׼ңŮתߡ
ǲݵģҵĺǾźˣ
Сǣʲô
ĸܿˣֻ󺹵
ǰǺ£ʲô˵Ļ谡
һ⣺ạ̇̄Ƕ˵İ
ͻȻԼӶ˵С
費棬㿴໵
ǼסҸġ
ԣôô֪㣬֪Ĵ̣

һ˱˵
ԲۣϴôˣⲻǾ𣡡
ںͬסһԺһ־Щ̫ˡ
ҷҪǮʱ˼룬ȻҴҪȥʱ򣬾ˣһĸ
ĸ˶ߣֻһͷܣΪͷ岻ãѾڴˡ
ʣµļɳ
ڱˣ
Ϣǲ˳򣬷ɿĴ
Ҿ˵ϱָǲԸˣɣʰˡ
Ҫô˵أֿŵˣ㻨ͷء
ã͸øʲô˰һƬۻˣ

ӣͷβ˸ϣг¶ǱߵСһϢܿƴճһȷĽ
ã
ӣֳƿ죬ⲻǺڱץˣܿȥˣ÷ȻҪ磬ӦԺҲ̫
÷ĸ˪ϵ̷ӣһ㶼ûƫ̻
ȥҲͦõģŮģ͸óԳԽѵ
÷ˣҪĸһһȰûеġ
˪ӣһõ۶Ǿͽˡ
ڽȥˣָӲմߵ½ȥģͬھä󣬾Ҳû
ֻҪǶ֣Ҫץ˾ͺܿ졣
ӣϽץ˰ɣץ֮Ҳġ
Ȼָܵĳ
˪ѻŤתؼϣҹԵʲô
ѾǶʮˣʮ˼ǽͿʼ׼ˣǼҾ˿٣һֱûϰϵĲ˵
ӣָͷˣ㻹һ棬ѼѼɣмļ⣬Գˣӡ
˪ټˣһ˱һʷ˿ҡ
˱չ˳¶Ŀζ¶ʵҲϷģڹ껹ǰϰߣϲһ˱Ŵ׷ʷ˿˪ļª汾õĶҲƽ档
״Ϻʣɱʡˣټϵ㼦̶ѿķ˿Ȼϼ򵥣ζҲ൱ӣϲһˡ
ҹĹ׼磬˪ͳ¶ææµµĲϹ࣬㹻˷ӵġ
߻ãȴһһæŰҵ顣
ʱ˿̣Ҳеˡ
ܿС£ؼǣǼ̲סˣץˣҪˡ
ֻҪһ뵽ܣŵ
ŵȵԼʱ򣬲ôҲҪȡԼȳȥǲȥҲҪͨЩ
κξǷ·һûҲ̽ӡ
ڱ͵ֻǹ
һࡣ
ɳǱڵš
쵼˶ˡ׼һһߡ
Ͼ۾¶⣺ã
͵ˣ


106 
һ˾ڧ
׼ȷ˵, ڧڻûȥʱѾˡ
Укüûʲô, ȫûطȥ, ֻСسǡ
һˣȻǹϵ죬εıҲﲻ
ŶǮʱã, ˦Ӹ˭
Ŷһºġʵˡֹ춼Դ, Եˡôǹ, ûĶ
Ǹ٪ģΪ˵䣺ҲأϵǮ࣬ҪǴС, ǲ˻ɣ
ʵˡ, Ȼﻹǲ⡣
Ҫ˵ȺΪʲôԸֳԻ׵, Ϊ˳ԺúȺã
áʵˡԼ˵, Ǵɽܲס˼, ＸֵܶȢţǳµض, ΪĲ͹ӵģܹ͹⡣
źЩ, ɽ˼ϱ, ŸʵˡĴš
ɾϱ, ֵܼҲһԡʵˡ͸űһ˵⡣
ϼ, ʵˡＸ綼һŪһˡ˵֣մִǮʵˡѾȫСǮ
һ˳ԱȫҲǮǻ
Ҫ˵ûп졣
Ҳ
ԴҶڶ˲СıԹ
˳˵СĪ˦˦ϰɣǰŵͷٰˡ
ǳ˵ʲôأǣԼҲӲѣһϵģٵƨɣ
Լ˼˵ɵģϵҲЦһ
Ҳʹ˷£ԼԲˡ
ľһֱڱץ
źüûͷڵ˶ʵˣֻΪڷƢԸٹǼ
ҵȣڻûαװ٪ĳȥһˡ
ĳȥһʣܿͳ˻
类ץˣ
ʲô
˵˲䶼
ȵڱץǵĴҵһϵûУ˲ŷ

˶͹ӣôΪŮǵ¾ͱץȥأ
Ǹˣզô׾۱ޣ
ʵͷ𺲻˵ڲĶ
ϵȻߵ˱ץˣҪǣҪ߰ɣ
Ҳ֪ڽȥ֪֮ʲôһ׮£ǿȫһ򾡡
һƱģͷͷˣô
ҧʲôͷˣЩ˲ٸԼߴˣ

ԼҲѾû취ˡ
ûһԵʵǲȫ
ǮǲûбصƱȫƱãҲûôࡣѵҪһֱȵڳ
ϣ
ĸղ˵ˣǱŮ˸ˣźһƭŮ꣬˶˵ҸŮϵ
ɲС仹п£ϺüҲǲܡ
ʱ䣬ڳʱ˭
Ȩ˴ҵ
ˣس궼ˡ
Ȼˣģ
ţģ滨һ飬ĸӣȥʼȵ㡣
ʵͷ˭ޣҲȥȵ㡣
ʣµ˰ҩ׼ãȻȥҳ

ͳμȻҪһƱģͲҪϧˣȥϵˣҴ󳵡
µģҲһЩԼҵһЩϵġҲŪ
סˣСĽһƱ벻ɶߣ
סˣ
һæŵȵʱ򣬴ʮҲˡ
Ҳӣһڳꡣ
翪ʼңҵĺӾģĶϱǱűһƬġ
˺һӣİˮһʳԴȥӣ̺Ľ죬ƤҲŴq
¿СѣߵİǱӣһҪܡ
ӣԼըĺһһ룬ʢһָ
лл
С͸ˣһܿ
ը͸㣬Ӹ٣ҵһȺСԵǶ͹⡣
һתʸ磺ղŸ͵ʲô
ô̻ǳأ
̫óˣȼĺóԶˣ
¿͵ѽǸǱ
󷿵ţ󣬲ҿ˵öԣ֮̾ǰͼ͸ۻ˴⣬˵ǽа⣬óˡ
򵰲죺磬˵ˣ겻˵
ţŶóԲˡ
򵰣
ȻǱ͸ǻغӺӡ
¿Ҿû̼ҵĶóԡ
ϴǸ⣬綼붼ˡ󲮻˵ԼҲ¿Զ˺
̼ҵĶǸԼһϣҲԼҺóԶˣ
¶˵СԹϷٵתš
˵˼ÿζǼ͹ȥĶ
߬Сȭͷ
Σӣ¶˪˵ŻӣӣֻУҹϴʲôģȴջĲ¶ûˡ

ӣԼſڳ˸Сˡ
򵰣ʲô𣿡
ѵǶͶˣ
ڰɣղŲ¿
ǻУӣڶСҲ˸İģ򵰽
أ˵ɡ
򵰺Ľţգ۾ӣ̣㻻Ӻòã
ղŸ˵ӺóԣûкӺóԡ
ģ㣡
ױһӱקһ⡣
뻻һӡ
ӣ
ǡôʱ˿̣洫˺ѷεأҵأ
ôҲ벻ԼһתĹ򣬼ûˡ
˭˭͵ҵ⣿
ĿѣͰĿˡ
ϲģ͵⣡
ھҪȥ鷳
˵ڱץ֮ʹȥˣűͻؼ֮һֱûʮԺҶֵˣֻһġ
ӣһҪȥ£Ͻ̽Դһɤӡ
أ
Цãû취
Ժ˪һģʢһ롣
㣬´οɲҪ͵üĶˣ˽ԼҵĶҲ͵
е㺦µԴȿӣһӣǵ㺦¾Ͳˡ
ҴҹƼӿϹ⣬˻źӳԸͣĶ֪ܲΪɶ
ֲøղСܹԼĶϲϲԺӡ
ǵأ
Сӣҵţ
겻˴ӣֻʱСϡ
Ϊ˲ٺӣЩ
˵󳦣һͷӣЩըը顭
һ磬ڻͶԵġ
ȵҹãҼһӣͣˣڷǰá
ջ㻹ôζһջ㣬ʣһ˻棬ɫŨζʡ
ѼҲɫζ磬ѼƤպǣζʮ
˸ըӣʱּһʳ

˪ͳ¶ֱ߷ºõĻƾƣӣǰ׿ˮֺǺ
¶һ߳һ˵ǾͶһˣˣС׼ʲô֣
ӣ˪һۣû
¶һӾˣм֣ǻͷ˸㣿
ӣʦ㻹ŵء
¶Ҳнİǵŵģʹˡ
ӣνС
ҵľͶˣ浹ǲ

ӣߵ֣ǳļԺǱߣԾһҾûôгˡ
ԾܲŲɹΪ˼٣ԶҲڲţǳȥ档
һ鷳˱
ʮҲûͣ
㿴Ҽ·ըģӣǼ⺢ӿСѣż죬ͽǸըһ
һŮ˳ԼҺӶҪ˵
ԾӼûʱ䶪࣬ЦһǮߡ
Զ鷳
ܲʡģ
ԶŤ˵
⸱ɸǰԾҪ˵㻹ⶼǵڼˣΪʲôǰӣ
Զǲ˵
Աߴҳ
ԾķҶۣɴƤԶ£˵˵ôΪǵǵģͻǵҵЩΪĶ㲻֪𣿡
ղųԶûԾⷬȴǵĿء
ԶĿⶢŸףΪңΪʲôˣҸŮˣԼʲôΪң㲻ΪԼҸõĴˣ
ԾĿͣϱޱȳɫⱲȴһ׵׵ӵĶӡ
Զ㲻ΪʲôϲӱҸ㣡Ϊ㣡㣡ѧУЦЩЦңƾʲôǣ
ԶĿԼĸף˵ĳɳһ˲䡣
֮ǰҲֻǾԾǸϸĸףǰӣѧУΧ˵û裬˵ҸʱԶĺԼĸס
ЩЩͬѧָűӡ
ΪԾϴ·ϴĲɾɾ·ɹĻףǴһ޵ĳζ
ζԶԼŲǱŵˡ
ѧУ֯ȥݲιۣ˼ҺӶǴųԵĺǮִֻٵվһߡҵҲǾϼûгԵҲûǮΪԾ̫æ˸׼
Щ鶼С£СۣԶһɾ޴˳
Զˡ
һҹ֮ڱ˳Цгˡ
źǣԾûзӵĳ
Զ㻹򲻴򣿲Ҿ˯ˡ
ʲôʮʲô꣬һʲôϲÿף
ԾĿŶӣԶǲܲ˵˯ȥ

ڵھŶ˲̾Ϣһ
Ŷ
ҲƫƫԾЩƢĲУҲôעӡһ˼ҪҸҵĽš
ںˣҪˡ
裬Էˡ
ھӻæˣҲǱ˵ӡ
˭ҵӲԼء
Լҵȱ˲ǮֵзӣСǸС쵼ǲţҲܹġ
˵ˣţǲҪȰԼã
ԾҲǾˣ·߰ϴҲ߰ʱã˼΢һ˭֪˾װģһָͷ졣
Ī˵ھӣʶԾ˶֡
ôҲǸˣڲӦòˣҶڲʲôɵġô˼ҷ
ʵϣϱӵԾǲ˵ģڲҲĻϸϱӸתҵǻҲԼ¡
ⲻǡ

Ծڶϱӵļ̵ġ
ӣʮһյźź˻ˡ
ϱӣ˳ܣԾŮ˵֪ӣǸӡ
ҪһץҪչ˺ӻܸӣԹҲ˵л
׼£ԾΪеŮ˶
ûŮˡ
Ů˾͵ڼּңͻᣬ¡
Ծ̬׵˶ûģĻҲϾϣϾԼǸɴҵģЩͥŮĻʵ̫ݡ
ö֮ͱˡ
ʮ𣬸Ҷʼӳҹ
ԼǸؽѡ
Զھ˯ˣʣԾıŲ
ըĹ͸۽ԾӰըһһġ
ԶԺ俴һۣȴ㱾Լ˸ձ߾Өһš˸û
ôأ
һһ磬ӰͳӺǳļԺ
Ǹȥ꣬ҼһһȺˣڽҲû˷
ѺӹˣǻֻΪǺԼ̰ء
˸ƣǷˣһȥϷһƬգһȥǳ
ǶˣǳĳӣԺ˿ڶ࣬Ҳ࣬ԲһľҲûô㡣
ȥأӾڳ⣬˾Լȥ
յ
ⲻ֪һߵɳҲۼˡ
ǰسǵľִװ˼ˡ
ʮ˽ȭͷ
ǵּǣһˣȫץ
յ


107 
, ص˻ֵ1974Ĵһ졣
һ죬ʼĺûκ
ӣ˪ûʲôҪˣ޷Ǿǳ¶һ, ǰס, ¶Ҳʮ˵ˣ˪ӣø磬ûѹǮͽܡ
źҸӰ
˪Ҳ, ʦ겻, ſԡ
꺢һ궼û, ҪϱźȥҪѹǮܵġ
¶ͽһۣô
ҲˣЩ˪ͱȹȥζˡ
ǰСպãƢá
Ѿǰһҭ, Ѿӣ̵ĺˡ
ӣʦҲɣҲż, ǷŸԽӡ
¶֣ˣõĽһҴǵġҲˡ
һ, ¶˵ҲϺԺ, ԼһپС
¶ߺ, ӣ˪ʦôˣô첻
ղų¶Ǻ˵ûʡ
˪ϴ˹, Ѽʣʰæ, شһ֪, ʦĶࡣǳ쵼ҲҪʦﲻ̫˵ġ
¶ѼĲҵȫ, ǳ쵼мǰĹ, ЩϵȽΡ
ǳүڳ˷һƽƽĳӣĹ˳˰ͽ쵼
¶ĿϵĶʮȫʮģǼ쵼ų¶ǺͺģҲղǸȡǻӣСг¶ﲻô
ƫƫÿһǳ쵼ݷóĹ¹ѣҲҪݷѳ˽ǰߣЩƷģ˵仰ʱҪ¶쵼һĵƬ
˪ǳз쵼ʦĽʡ
ֵص꣬¶ǶϹ˵ģƺһЩ֮Щ˾߶
ӣ˸ƣˣǾͱȥɣ˽ӳȥߣ
ûڣѰ׷ѣﴧӻǿ飬ȥųţϵĵ궼żˣǹܵĲϣһЩ죬Ϲ԰תתҪôЩӻ¶Ӱŷء
˪ͷҲԼӣڲʡ
ǳ͹Ӫ꣬ĵλ쵼һϣǶ¡
ȥ֡
˵˴㣬ڶһ磬ӣ˪𴲣ŹھͿʼ½ӳԽӣӾǴԺ߶
ҺӶ࣬ӣ˪ӻû½ʱҳСǸʣµӶѾˡ
ӣһ˸Ƿǣץһѹӡ
ͷѹǮУھӵģǿѾܹȥҲҪüǮء
ҵĺ̴ųԵˡ
һӣ㣬ǺԺүүģζ¸㡣
Ȼҵӣ˵һáӣһ˰һСֽ
Ҫ˵Դȷʵе㣬ҪȥûٰȻһŶۡ
һǮǣټһѹӡ
ֵĹ磬ʰ˶ǱҲûʲôڣҵУڵʦ
ӵǺʦյ£Ųüȥ
ǿӣţ䡣
ӣͺ˵ڼҲû¸ɣȥתתơ
ӣǳŵӰ𣿷ŵɶ
ӣͷǳڼԺƬţ˵Ƿŵǡ
ǸʵӰڵĵӰǼƬطţӣѾˡӰڴԺ˵ʣС̾ͼˡ
ǳɣ극ȥռλӣܿһ
Ǵ죬еӰҲǽ˼ġ
СӵȲס̾ͽţھȥռλӣȻϵط극ȥֱռϣ
˵һˡ
ӣ˪Ҳһţ׼ƼȦȥ԰档˵԰˴ء
˳Ź԰ķߣ˪ӣڱǴһҲû˻ᶢǲرܡ
ߵǳϣͿ͵͵Ǻ«
꣬ԵҲǳˣ˶ŹʱǮ
˻أӣҲˣǺ«˪ÿζԣָԼǲˣ˵Ĳݰϻɽҩأ
˪һ֪ˣ׼ȥɽҩʲôǣˣԼǺݲĵġ
ӣ֮ɫԽԽ۰ףСˣŰ޵һˣܾĻ˵ڡ
ɽҩ
ӣɽҩ̵ĳԣû·Ϳȡ
Ȳʤ䷳Χ߰˸СӣЩС𲻴󣬳˶ˡ
ӣ㣡ӣ㣡
ӣֺǺǵ߹ѽСȣǸأ
һȵı飺ҼݵСҴǳԵġ
ǼȻǶŮͥȴǴҿڵģһһƬ
ֳԲԲڴﻹǸСⲻһӾͰѺȫˣų档
ӣ˵͸ɴСǮǱǺ«ģ죬ǹȥ򡣡
Сǻһһܹȥˡ
˿ڱˡ
ӣЦǺǵĸ˵ЩлôҶһ
ȣҼأһý˵ҪˣеĿɲǸˣýƭý㡣Ұ˵еĳҪȥһ٣˵Ҹˡ˵ôôˡ
ӣ
ýǲǽܿ
Ⱦȵӣô֪ģ
ӣҲˣ˭뵽ܿԭȻء
ھӣסһԺġ
ȱ˸ϳӣô˵һӾͼˣչҪϸڡ
ӣڰ֣˰ɣϰ˵ɡ
˵ⲻһȹץסˣٲҲ֪
ͻȻקקӣӣӣ㣬㿴ǲǽգ
ǣڸﰡôôţ
һǺ«̯ľ룬Ҳˡ
ϵǣûиһǣСܹ
ӣȣǿһƤͷСк𣿴㡣һɫİͷиƤñӡ
ӣ˪һۣһ
ûС
Ҫˣˮۿת
С˵ǳˤڵģŤŤͲˣղȥˣˤڵ˵ûˡ
ӣסգȱߣ˵˵һҡ
ȣȥݼҵСȴˡӣҲż˵ǾǱѾʼˣôЩûץأ
ⲻ֪һߵľҲڽꡣ
һһɢǾͶˣƽ˶һûþץˡ
ǻ©ûץ
ҵľʮְգǸŮģ·м任ˣһûסͲˡǸеǸһģװɷޡ
ϾӣϽȥң
Ҫ©һץͲˡ
ʱ˿̣һС޴˳ǳߡһ˱һСŸͨļͥûκ
ģϵôǷĲã
Ǳź߲̫аСӳԵ֣ܣҪȻȥլԺϢϢ
ὨŮ˷ӣСкƤñӣһǮ˼ҵСιúãԳģû·ʹ
ɷУǵطǲȥСˣզ죿˵ˣǵطҾòԾܸое̫ͣˡ
Ů˷ӣô죿
ҧΧܳǣǾͶǳ档ʱŲã˶Ǿܡ
Ů˷ӣҲУǸϽ߰ɡ
˳ǽߣǹ꣬׷ѵ˲٣ӵҲǣҲƲʲô

һߣӣ˪΢һ͸˵ȥ壬һȥһҳıƣѶӵ˵ˣ˵ܵܽ촩ʲôó˶æҡ
һվͣˣǵҲ١Ҫǣ˿϶ûԶġ
˶ҲſˣЩźӵҪע⣬ǲ˯ŵģ˵˷ӶϲСιҩٱߵġ
ҪǷ˾Ҿ߱ƣԼȥӲӲ
ͻӣ˵̵ͷ絷⣬ǰЩԺ
ȥ
ҲŵòᣬϽѼСǶ򷢻ؼң·ϱ˵֣һˣȥ֮ˡ
ҪｭС˲ǻȥˡ
СҲŵĲᣬϽȥ
ӣ˪֣Ҳȥ԰ˣڴŴˡ
˪ӣں棺ҪȻȥҡ
ӣҡҡͷû£ֲ߶Ͷ
ȥҲĽϢء
ʱǳڲͶԱˡ
ǱҲ˵˺ӣϽѾй
׼ӳӰĵطҲ˳ҼһǰԼҺӰٺã˽Ͼ˷̫ɺˣ˭ûأһˣɥ°У
ץȴһ٣
ˣһõӰ£治ⱨӦ
ðˣ
屾ȥݷù¹ˣҲϻȵļҲæ
֤ӣһǽռҵģһǳְҵġǼҲӶˣڳ˶ҡ
ӣ̾µͶǴӡС˶Ͳץˡ
Ҳû̫á
ǱöǳȫģǴһҲҡ
˭֪ûþͲˣ˶ԱҲЩ˾ǲǺ̰ˣԾһС˰顣
ֱͳӣСһһ
Ů˷ӣ
ˣûһǻõһʱȺӡ˵ˣϽߣ
Ů˷ĸܳȥ
Ҳˣ۵Ŀޡ
̾˸˵Ļ
أأ
ҵүôôһ̲Ѫ
죬ҽԺ
аҪҽҰɣ
ģҪ˷ӣ

Ⱥ̽С̧ȥҽҡ
ӣſҲһȥ
ǴˣߵʱҪˣ
˪ӣȥҽңȵĽѾˡӵļҲ޺
ӣտ޵Ĳƿ
ӣɵĴ飬СҪڴϣҲ֪˻ǲңѪˣⲢ
ӣŸСãֱ˵Ȫˮӡ
ȵӣߴãһҲϢ
ץסˣץסˣ
أ
ҶӵģֱӾͷɱȥ
ǣ


108 
˷ӱС, ϶תעҲСúõģҪǵ˵, ͷٲܡ
û뵽, Ϊٶ˶ŭˡ
ѾˣȻйӸϵġ
˶ʼˡ
μɵģֱŤ
˷ӻûǳΧͱ˷ֲԾպ, , ¶ȡ
֮Ǳץˡ
Χȫ̵ȹӣţĿɲҿɲˡ
ڱҲ, ֻǿŲͺá
յ壬ǳĸһ󶼲ҪˣҲȥݺݵĴ
ӣõġ
Ĳ, Ψ˷, ûκԺͿԿԵġ
ӣһ״̬һЩ, ˵ļҽԺȥСӻָĿ, ǲҪġҽúӶסҽԺ, ƽϢһ˵
ûʲôȫ˵ӣȴ㡣
СǱ, Ǳһģϵ˺ûָ, Ǿˡ
ѶҽҲͬ˵Ķ, ȥҽԺ֮ǵö࿪, ٻ
ҲܿԺ, Ȼӻˣ˾ʣС룬ǲá
յллһҲѺȥҽԺ
ӣһǶץˡ
ǰǰôʱ䣬ǰγܲ࣬Ⱥɥĵͽȥˡ
1974Ĵ죬¡¡ҵһĻ
Ϊǣ˶ּ࣬˺üİӣµҲ˴󹦷
һֱʮ壬ס
¶ϢԴ㣬ӣ˵ʱŭģȺ˲Ƕ˵ǸжкЩˡһֱյĺӿɶȥˣЩԼ붼벻
յĺӣľĳǹϡģɽСϱһɽ
ҲǸǰǴζӵ£ϵ˲ȵĵ㡣۴ԺǼңҲ۷ģʱһڷɷԱġ
ڸ˼ҲĺӹˡǼֱڻء

£ֻҪһŭѹס
ӣȻˣܸҵɡ
ӶˣһҲԼҳĴ̫ˡ
ǰܰοԼҪѹԼϣԹԼΪʲôѡ
ȻϢöɳͿʼ˸֤ȥҺӣҲ֪ͨǼӵ˼ҡ
ӣ°࣬Ϳ˪
ӣ˵˲ýˣҽһȥ㶫ȥġ
Դӣ˽գǱŤŤӣͶ
ãʲô۲Ҷ龫ţ̶ܸӣ͵㡣
ӣʵյĲ˼ˣøɣյǲأ׼յõܣСҽԺסڣճԺӣŸߡ
Խ˪Ҫӣһȥȥ
˪üͷҲġ
쾯ͬ־֪ͨǼˡ
׼ȷ˵ǻ˽ȥ˵ģ˪ŷһԱȥ֮󣬶˵ȥ൶
ӣһû°ɣ
˪ҡҡͷˣһүǿ޵Ĳӡ
꣬˾Ҫȥˡ
ڽȥˣЩ˵Ҳй㣬ֻܶʣµȥˡ
˪ӣ֪мûȥˣϽˡ
ӣ˵һȥˣ˪ߡ
ǱϢܲһﶼܰɣ
˪أ˵ҲǸһӳصĻ˵ˡ
ӣе棺ô꣬Ǵ˵ǮİɣǮûҵ
ҵˣҲҲʵܿǷޣܿЭҵġ
˪ЩһѾһǧ飬һլ̨ܿҵ֮˾͸ȫ˵ˣǮһ͵ȥ۵
ӣȥ۵۵ʮǧɡ
ⶼǱˣϷ켸ҹĻأȥ۵
˪˵˵ҲѧʱѧϰҲһ㣬ǾԼŲ
ӣǺǣˡ
Ҫôŵƴдô
ɳж˻д˲ʫ˼ǾùҵˣȻһ͡һǧȥ۵ӣӡ
ӣ
һǧܸɸƨ
Ϊ۵ͰʮЩĳǻƽˢһʮʲô
ӣ˵ˣȻǸӳ
˪ӣ꣬ȵ˪æ꣬һؼҡ
Ϊȥһ㣬Ժˣ˵طһƣһΧһȺˡҹ￪ŵƣӰأûʲô˵ȴżͿ޺
ŵĲᣬ͸ϽӭŰӣ͡
ɱҲͣء
ӣ˶Χ棬ҵʵǣ
ֱǻˣļҶӵĶˣ֣ǿģӴ治һֱӿʼҶˡ
Ҫŵ㣬Щܰҵ䷿Ӹ˵ġ
һԺ˺Щ꣬ǿˣҲ䲻ııŵ
мΣȰҲȰߡ˾ҡҵȥ
ұҵĳ׵ףӵõĶȫˡ
̾Ϣ
ӣ˪˼ң˶ûô˵

ҳ׵׵ˣĶҵûʣ¡ҲǼҶ˲ûˡ
ɳҲҵģţͣȰ
ѾץˣЩ̫ŭٰԼϡ
ֵҲȰڰȰˡ
ҲסԺˡ
޿ݵҪɳҲס
Щͨģ˭֪᲻ҹأ
ֻӼֱһѲجΡ
ôö˶˵ģӾͳһӣ
˵ģģ˵ʲô˶ٸɥ
տʼҪȥôŵġ
ɵȵЩţȥˡ
춼˵ǣǵûӰ
ɳȻܸ˴ȥɳֲд˵ˣҲûסĵط
ﲡͶҽżң
ڹ˲ñˣȥܿ
ڽȥˣΨһܿϵģܿϱˡ
֪ͷģܿǲ飬ṩ˲֤ݡһӲҪҪȥĶϱ
ͬ־͵Ǳˣ˵ǸӶϾϵ㲻֪𣿡
ܿȻԥ󱦵Ĺȴǿġ̾˾Ź֮ץ˱ֽǱڶϾϵ
ϵһϣȻˡ
Ŀѣʲô
ܿȻӶϾϵƾʲô
ĹεӶҪ𣿣ǴȥҪȥЬҪٱ׷ӣ
ģܲסϱıѡ
ûסɱɣûǼģƭ˼ҵʮԩͷԼӻǸӣ˼˼£Ҫ˵ľǼң
ڱҲãҲǣǼҲǶ㻹˼˵ҪϽס
ԼСףһһ
˼ҶԺס˸ӡ
ڰͲһҶԺ
ǸǺߣѷӷָԼҡ
ﻹڷ裬˵ĻȥҪȥܿ
񾯶һۣ˭Ըȥ
żǱ̬Ⱦͺȷ¹ܿôģżҶϵ˼ǹϵˣҲҪǲ׷Щ£Ͼڹǹպһ͹׵ˡھùŮԶһ㡣
˺Щ죬Ҳȥܿҡ
ƫƫܿǱ߷ʵֱӾ͸ˡֲֶܿǰ
û취û룬ҲȥˣܿҲˡ
ֵҲ֣һ£˸취
ӣؼҾͷſҵ䷿ӿˡ
ֵҲס֮ǻ˸Ŷ䷿
λÿ϶ǲߵĺãƬ볧ӻѧУĺء
ﵱȻߣǲô죿
ǻ͸ˣΧָָģҲûи룬Ҫ󱦣ֻǻӣǱ˻˸ŵеĻơ
мܿʱ˺ȣΪ󱦶˵ܿĲãҲԸܿ
ܿһⲻԼһ¸Ǯĸѣ涼õġ
ʵϣܿѾڴˣѰ˼ٸܿҸĽҲߣڱء

ʧӣУʱҲˡ
˪ӣһ˵ߴӡ
ѩˣӵĵ·Ҳͨ˪г˴ȵġ
ϻǹ
յϷɽӣƼˡ
ӻ
ӻСҩ䣬ӣ㣡զˣ
Դӣߺ󣬴ϵĳҽӻˡǰŮ˳Թҷˣ˵·Ʈˡ
ǻ
ӻſӣͻĶӣͰ͵ӣ㣬㡢㻳ˣ
ӣͷЦˣڶˡ
ӻӣ̫ˣ
ЩӣְֽҰѴС˶ǵá˪ӣһֱûк㣬Ҳ۷׷ףܾСڲ
˭˼˽˳ǣǿŵͻˣ
ӻ˵ֱģߣǼҳԷɣһֱ߶ء
ӣˣ궬Ǵӻðɣ
ӻأȥֽճɺãӳ˵ˣǻҪΧˣ԰Ƕˣ˵ǽ꿪ʼֵɽ髡
ӣӻ˵Ļסĵͷ
һֱ˴ڣӻʲôһԴ
ˣӣ㣬и㻹֪ɶ󲮣˳ˡǰջ۴ӡ


109 
˳͸ũ, ʱ䣬ȷʵǵˡ
ӣֻ΢һ£ʵŶڻסĶ
ӻϵƷ, סһ䡣ڵʵʵŴϹ, ƽʱҲ
ӣһûжʡ
ʵϣһ㶼˳֮ҪӣбĴ㡣
ǰһĸڵĹŮ﷿Ǯ˳ռ, ʱ򾳿ڲ, ˳Ҳûռʲôͷ
, Ѿ˳ǣ˴ϺܶˣԱǮ·
˳ӣҸ¡
ӣһ, ִк
ӣѾͷˣ
ǻˣ
Թ, Ͻȥţ

̫ڼһ죬Ҳµ, ŷһ, ˡҵ
ӣ˪ŵʱ, ̫˾
զĲÿˣ򣬶۵Сѿ, ٸС㣬ƯƯġ
С㲻𣿷͵÷ôһߡ
Ǻÿ
̫̾Щ˲ʶ, ǳҽ, ิ, ˵Ϸ˼ĺõ, ܰЩڵġ
Ҳ˵ˣһͷҶϱȥ
̫ߺߵŤͷתͿԼĶϱЦĿ
ǡզˣ
̫ĺܣ˵Ҳˣǰ˪ϰ࣬һ¼ʱ̫һ㶼żҲǸӣֿһ죬ȴ
ʱеˣ֪ҲƤȥسǺˣʱҲܸϱ֡
ţӣĶӣ
ӣЦ̫ͻĶӣҪˡ
ֲ̫ΡΡ۾գ˼£һﻬ
ãð
˪źﶼ£ǽ㵽ġ
̫ĨᣬװͰ͵⻹˵㲻˵ҲҪȥģ
ϱˣ϶Ҫȥչ˵ѽ
ӣ˺óʱˣֻҲ˶гģҲôߣԼﱲ˻ˡ
Աߵ̫̫Ҳϲ
ӣûһǮջҲˣŸСβͳ
ǮջˬʵЦ¿㲻ùѿСˡ
ӣÿȥǮջǶҪСѿʹrua
Ҳ첽ߵӣߣӣĸ첲һĿӡ
ӣ㣬á
ӣͷ˰ߵʱˣż²ѾǸ˰ͷ
̫ӣҲԼҪ˵ɴͰ˰ݣϲĳȥ˵ݻ
øҴ˵һ£ϱУҪȥˣ
˪̫ȥǣ¹Ůû̫˵ĲˣԼľʶȥϲ
ӣųǮջݡ
ʳ񣺡ðɣ
ղſһأǴΪӺùҶæŸɻû˼ЩӰ˵ģԳ˵ǲôǰ֣Ǳ˵ġ
ﶼЩ˷ܣӣ㣬֪ǹ˱лر𣿡
񼤶üɫ裺ӳ˵ˣҸʦ˵Ҳܻȥġ
ӣȷʵ֪Ѿ꣬ҲĹ
ֲǷʲôˣǾԺһʦѣӦѶȲǺܴ
϶Եģͷİɡ
ӣû˵ģ͸
ǮջɣҾ˵ˣ϶˵ģǵù׿ڸ㡣ӣҲöģǴҲ˵ˣҶ֪·ŵ˵ûȥҲ˵ʲôڻܸһȥתתء
Դӣߺ󣬳һʱ䣬ڻΪЩϢ𽥿ˡ
Ȱ磬ȻӣǮջܹسȥʵԼǵ롣
ӣҲãʦҲɿ㡣
ǰŹӣڴҶ֪·ŵ˻ߣƾͲ˴С˼ˡ
ͷɽϵ߸ӳɡӣ˵
ɽϵ֪ô£һֱû˷֣ӣ˪ûǵʱ򣬿һҲЩ룬֮󣬳ǮջҲżȥһΡ
ǳ벻ЩǮջճɽҲҩЩҩǰӣæǮиӻ
ЩǮԸǷðʲȴóҺͳ˳Ժϱ㡣
ǮջҲͬ⣺˵أᱻ˷ֵģӺùˣȻöš
ǮջģõǴϵͷһȣȻҲСˡ
ͷмĿӣǮջ
ʼӣԼģȴԼȥ˵ʵԱǶԼٿݵ㡣
Ǯջӣ˵˲ٻҲ̸
Ǯջ֮ǰ㻹ǵðɣǸѸţϳȥˣȻŮ˲֪ô£ܹߥңȥڸѸ˵֤
ӣ뿪֮ǰͼʶҵ־磬֪дʲԼģԱֻҪ۾ĶܿѸĶӣ񣬷ǸѸŮ
Ӳǰ¸ȥˣҪк
ǮջֲɵӹĺúõģҸȥۏˮ˵ˣҰͲǸӹأʡŤͷ롣
ǮջЩ꣬ԹҵڣޱԼ˻顣Ҳûʲôˡ
ӣʵأ
ǮջŮסȥˣ˵ҲùŮ֪Ķ֪ԼϱԼĶӻˣ˵ʲôҪء
ǮջͷѸŮҲˡ
ȢֻŮ˾ˣŮ˰żӶҪҲҪҸ·ӡ
ĵǽģǮ˵ģ
ǮջӵĹŮһ裬µһ̯ˡ
ӵĹŮ˻飬Ǳ߿϶ҪѸŮʱӵԸ񣬿϶Ҫȥġ
ǶԺˣǮջڿˣͬһϷ
һеĸԴζҪиºǱ˵ģԼñӣҪиӡ
ǮջǺǣҵҪʲô
ҵȥѧĩ˵һأ˵жƼȥרˡ
Ǯջһӣ͸Ϲһ̫ûˣҲӣ˼
궼ʮˣȷʵе㵢ˣʦ˵ܸ͵רȥҽר½ȥҽҲͦõġﻹֱֹأӣʶ󣬰룬զȽϺã
ǮջԼȥרģר಻ýأҲ£ѧϰֺãʦϲԸƼȥҽר
ӣĿǮջ԰
רѾѧ˵ó·ˣ䣬Ǹˡ
ǮջҲɣԼüǱ߱Ŷզˣб½ӳҲרԣ
Ҳûܱɼõġ
ӣʵԼǸʲô뷨أ
ǮջٶꡣʦҲ˵ˣڵרҲܽеģЩеҲܽǵʱͲ˵ˣһ
ʵϣʦ˺ܴĹһġ
ӣҪ˵ĻҾȻŶǾͶ͸ĲеģǸо꣬ڲųһָʲô仯أ
ٹϼ꣬߿ͻָˣʱȻǶ˻ռơ
ӣûϸֻ˵ٶ꣬ʵڲˣʱӻѧҩҽҲġ
Ǯջӣ˵ǾͶ
ǾöרٻǮӣȻ˵˶ãǾͶ
⼸ӵӺùΪĺãվǱ߶Щأ֮ǰվĹѧϰ
ǮջԼҧҧǲܰŮС
ǮջĻҲӣٹǸ߿ָˣӣȻϱӸ߷ȥҽƴѧǾôã֪ʶ¼ҲҪʱ䡣
ӣ룬ȵ죬ȥס顷׼
ӣеϢһƵĴӣ磬иҲˡ
иϱӣ˵㼦⻳ϵĲףҪš
һһԵķ˪˼ֻĢټϼɽϸ㣬ҶԵ֡
극İ¸߸ии۷Ź⣬ӣ˾ͳȥ
̫ʰ˶һҪȥģС۶һΣѶȥ
ȲҪߣͶںˡ
ϴνǣ̫ɵĺ䶯Ա֪ӣ˪бµģǲֻ̫֡Ǹƽƽ̫̫ͽˣ
һߵʱ䣬¹ʱӣԶԶһˣ˿ųͷŲӣСһš
˳
ӣϵĴ󲮣ǰԼǰǴһŴȰɵȴ񻰵ĺܡ
֮ɪţʵʵ˺öӡ
˳Ҳӣֻһۣ˳͸ϽͷҴұܿ
͸ũ꣬еĥûˡ
֮͸ļ޵ԶԶģӻܳŮƼƼ˵˼ҷ˴鲻֪ȥĶˣף˵Ҳȥˡ
һˣһӾͽȥ
Ī˵ǴϵˣǱҲ˳ߡ
˳ڼӣͺ£޲ﲻӣƼ
ӣҲ͵ˡ
˳һҶûء
̫ĵӣˣ̫û죬͸ﶼ˹ϵ
̫̫Ƣ죬ȴܴ
¶˹ϵҵշˣһ䣬˪һ䡣
˪̫ûãȥһʦ֤
ְһǣҪһ䷿סҲˡ
̫¿ɸˡΪ˳ز죬ȴÿ߸˵ġ
סһӣżŮסżң¼
Ĺ˼£ڵӣʱ


110 
ӣ, һֱıȽϺõġ
ΪУӣҲһ飬ԽԽ, ĽָҲ𽥸ɺԡ
ӣ, ƺָҲҪûˡ
һ㶼ۣԴӴԽ֮һֱǿԼӹģָָ, û̫á
µ, ӣ͵Ԥڡ
̫Ĳ, Ҳˣһ۲Ķӣ
ӣһ췢ġ
ΪѾϹԤʮ죬˪տʼţʵǹ߲, ֻܻȥϰ, ǽھӣϢ͹ȥ
ӣ˪Լǰ
ӣϺһʱ, θһֱȶ, ζҲǷССı仯, ǰϲģȴӰ, ¹ʲôֻҪ, ĲС
˪Ҳֵóϱ, ֮ǰЩӣԶ˶岻, ȥҽԺ, ֪²ŷſ˸Сʳ
һĶٶǻģճҲڼŸּӲʳ
ǰӣǰЩѪԵģ˺ӣӣǻԼСѧʱʱǷѧʱڽֱ߿ͼǰϼëǮһСͼǰ
챣ºﵹĽϣһͣõѾز˶Ƥŵڵ
ӣڳԼǰʱ򣬾ò̫Ծ΢һŷеۡ
̫ӣķ׼Ͻھȥ˪
ȰͽҽԺֵ˼Сʱȵ˹ڿˣӣͱͽ˲
˪ȥˣڲͷһ߶Ÿʿʡ
̫һɶʱ˪ô໰أ
˪ʰʵģɹѻʿ㷳ˡ
ʿ˳ĺÿС¹ұĵģôô࣡
ͬ־㰮ĺ˳ˣ㲻Ҫˣ
ҽԺսûþͿ˹ڣ˳˳̥λҲ֪ʲô
˪Ѿȥʮˡ
̫ڻʿҪƿڴǰѶ°㣡
ĶʮӾͳģ
̫Ϊת˪עʵ㵹пգ뺢֣
¶˼Ʒˣ˪û¾ȥֵ䣬ֵ䷭ˣںӶˣ˵Сûء
˪ҵĲУĶ˼ЩӶôˣӶӣոձͽʱ۵ķ׵
˵䣬¶Ҳˡ
˪һ˵ӣҪϻڳĲ˶ֱˣ¶ʰ꣬ŸҽԺ
𣿡
һСֵģ̫˳¶һۣأ
ƽȥٻúһء
¶һ
ڳõĵȴУڲﴫС۵Ŀ
ʿŸٳϲǸŮ
̫æӹӣղŻ˪żڷԼҪˡ
ԹԣԹԡ
˪Żʿôˣ
ʿ״̬ͦõġ
˪Ǿͺãܿ𣿡
ʱӣѾƳˣͷϵͷʪͷƤ˯ġ
˪ӣ֣еʣˡ
ӣЦЦû˵ı˯ȥ
˪ӣ˲û˵ڵĻǣҲˡ
˪ľһ͹ˣһӾѾӣڳһʵڲӣܶ
̫źӲ֣¶ҲڱϿϽûζѬ
ӣ˯ˣ˪գŵĹŮ
ССӤͷϴŵë׵ֺ̥塣
˪ָŮһСţϸ۵СɤӺ¡
˪ʱһůô氡һѪĺӡ
̫ѺţǸŮ׽׽ȥĶдˮ򷹵ģȻǲȥӣԵĻǼȶԸһڡ
˪ӲıŮôСӣͷûðɣ
¶ȣұ
СӤ뻳¶һӾԲˡ
Ҳû̫ã˪ʦ
¶һ㣡
ί
˪һҲС
СŮ
¶۲Ĳˣֻ۰ͰͿš
ӣûˣסԺļ죬ҽҲ˵Ĵ̫æǰæźϱźһûв⣬СŮĲС
˪͸˵ˣ˺üļ٣ӣָͷͻ֪ӣҪʲô
ӣбͷϣֱ˪ļͻش߲ˣѸڴиȡ
ӣסԺ죬Ҳ١
ȾԽΪҽԱմֱʵĴŶʮִһͰ龫ȻȣҲǴ˼ǡ
˪ĵλͬ£͵Ķ࣬иõϵġ
ӣտŮʱҲеӦһŨŨľ̲סѺӱ
˪˵ңʵҲûĶ񡣡
ӣÿҲ˵ŮǺͮͮͰ͵
ӣȷʵѽ۾еңüë㡭Ҳ㡣
ӣ۾Լãüëͺ;Ȼ˪
ĸҲһ񣬸㵹һ񡣡
ӣԼǴС׻࣬˪ȴǹԱȽǿ۵ĺÿ
̫ˮţһ⻰ͬ⣺Ҿ˵Ķ࣡ÿ˭С
ӣЦݵСӤȷʵãһֱҪŮóԸˣʲôģûء
˪ò񣬵ӣһ˵ԽԽ
ӣˣҸǱ˸С
̫һѰ˪Ͻ˵Ͻ˵СӸˣ鷭ȫƧ֣϶ϵõģ˵ҪС
˪Ůʵ濼ˣ߶̫һϣ
˪ǸƧָһȫЩι״֣ȻͷãⲻǿӺӣôӵ֣ѧǵű߶߶
ӣһЩί˪˵ǾСҿ𣿡
ŮڶһСС̥ǣģȥһӡ
̫߶飬һĴȣã
ĽӣŮңⲻã
˪ҲͷңǸ֡
ҽԺסһ˾ʹҳԺ
ص̫߶߶ҺòǶﰡʱãȣոպá
ӣص֮󣬾˾˪Ҳÿüٵιʲôƶ˼˴һˣΪ˸ӳҪ㡣ɽϵ˹Уиˣ׼ÿ겻̸ɾ±̾ûóԡ˪ȥһˣŻӣԵġ
ӣ̫æʵڲˣͻǮԺҸСϱŵ㡣
ҳϵĺôӵϢĺܣȫûΪ˺ᣬҹߵ
̫̾СʱôˣǸСӣСʱǸĥ˵ģһ㶼˪˪ôЩ˾ûëҹҹġ
˵ӣϽʵ˵ɩǱҲˣ
̫üɫ裺ˣǱ߲ǰţѾĸˣ
⼸꣬Ҳ͸տʼǻѰЩԼҲ£ָũμҽףڸͲ˪ʲôˣżһЩز
̫ôԶǹȥˣҴСѣʱĹȥҲۼһ̬ȡ
Сˣ˪˽¸ӣ˵ʱﻹȥˣ˵Ǹ
ӣЦеģˣһм⣬ǴӤӤģЩȸһף˳ĻͰͼֽɩӼĹȥ
̫԰㲻ҪżһСأǸϵ֮ǰȥˡ
Ů˼Ҫˣҽ㶮õѽãһëˣЩɲҲȥġ
ӣͷůůģ裬á
ˣʱ顣
ӣһֱ³ͷСҲھĵιչ£ðװۣ¹ӣģǴԺھӣ˶Ҫ˵һ䡣
ã˪
ǲĽգڶʱͷ˲ͬ
˺ÿ
ӣеģֲָȥݵӰÿֲԡ
պǺһЦ˸˵ˣʽҽˣ
ͦͦţҲʵϰˣ
ӣףǺܺð
գҵ˼ǡҪ㾺ģ
ʵϣʵӣҽҵĵλһˣӣӵʱ̫ˣʱҽҲӣ֮ǰ̼ԱһɾҪ֤ԼĻ
Ҳҽ˺š
ղû̫ˣеӣӵĲʱյǳͻϺˣû취չˡҽǰǰ˿ģȴҲǰԼˡ
ӣ˽յĻȴûͺ˵Ǻƽ˵ˣ˵ԺбĻأ
һǻʤ̬ӣǧգҾ֪Ҫ˵
꣬еҽҴ󲿷ֵĿҲԭǸһ˵Ҫ˵ӱ̬ºȶҽ
ٿӣ·Էûʱ򣬽Щܡ
ԼûӮ̫ס
ӣο䣬Ҳûãֻܳ⡣
˵Ҫˣ
һ˵磬վˡ
ǰ˵Ҫˣȥˡ
ƲƲ죺ҵǳεĶӡ
ӣеͿ֮ǰ̸Ǹ
գˣ˼Ҳܸøλ


111 
ĵϢ, ӣ˵һڰ칫˰ˡ
ڽ˵ͺܲˣһֱһɾҪݺݴġ
ߵʱ, ûиҽҵ˴к, ֻǳ°ʰ˶ߣûһӻ
ӣСĸӣԣɫѿˣ˵ַˡ
һ˼ҪҸöù˵Ļ, Ȼǲϵġ
ظ, µ˵Ҳ, Ȼϵ֮ǰҸǸԾ¡
Ϊ紫һлȶôʱ䶼ǾԶ֮
Ϊܱܵӹߵ£ӣҲû֮ǰĸҡ
칫ҼŮ꣬Ȼֻ˵
ӣ˵˸־, ʿҲͦá
ƽʱ֦Ҷ, ҵϿɱǿˣȻиʿͷ, ˮƽȴЩΡ
ȣҲô˵ģ
, ֮, ЩͬµǶܿġ
ȶ˶רСϵңɰҪǽ, ҲҪŮ
ӣߣӣû, ĵӡ
Сǳķɿ, ӣܾһοŮǸްͰ͵ĺӻ, ȴѾ˰װ׵, ѧ
һתۣңҵСѾͷѾˡ
1976꣬ӣ˵һжڷϸ΢ı仯
ȵһ£ǳҺͳسˡ
·ݣӣ̫ͬԾϯ𻨵Ůӻڸĸļ֤£˹ϵһС顣
Ĵʯͷ£߸˿ϯ棬ڵߴӵӺùˣҶǰΪͷԣһѴһͷĳ֡
и˵ϵùܡˡ
ӣ룬ɲǺùôʱЩҲӰڶɿ˵㣬ȻԸúõĴϵ
ӻպͮͮģϴӣĴѣžչˡ
˵ŵǻȴ׼ȷԼ
ÿҲҪҲҪֽ
ӣϽȥ졣
ϸ˵˪۾ʹ£ӣ֪ǲˡ
ŮԴѧ˵֮󣬵˵һԼҪˣ˪һҪȥ˭ӣ̫ˡ
һתŤŤȥ˪Ĵȡ
ְֲҵֽҲϲ
ְ֣ɺó
ְ֣㱧

һȦ˾űɰ˪ڹŮһСǻʧңǶ˻ȡ
ѾǴĳͷһοĳ棺⡭
ӣָûɣ˵˵ҪǿѾͷ˭֣Ҹ˪û򡣡
⻰˵˵ѣԸȻ˪ЩҲޣ˪͸˵ˣһֱ˼Ͳֵġ
ŮȻǸ˵ɤһճ˾
̫ڱϿһֿһۣŻȻ򣺡ⲻСʱģ
̫ϵ̫̫ҲǻɲǣССʱǸԸһģһ
ǻǵСʱǴɿ㣬׵·߿ϰɣʱҾһˣ¹ǴСϱֻ̫̫ҪǹˣСͰȰȵĸ˴кСƵģ
˪Ѿת仰ֺ֮ˡ
ƾɶ죬ѧʱûٰģʱЩ˲ҴͶΪɶľͿʼһԭ
ӣҲŮСʾ˹˵츳ǳжӣ֮ǰѰ˼Ų̫æŮ£͸Ҵȥˡ
˼жȵӣȥ˵ʱѾΧһȺСС㣬һȺ˸չһιԵġ
Ҿ̯˫ֿϣжǸֱһӵܵı׼ƽģʽ
С˿ûע⵽Ѿڿôˣ˪ĲӺӡ
ӻ˼ĳŴ򣬴󷽷ĸ˿ϯֵ˶̲סޡ
ѾͷðԼб£ĺá
ⲻǷϻ𣬵ߴӵĹܲˣ
⼸ŽֲߴӵˮǴߣСڽ꿪שߵģžɡ
ߴӵĹȻҲΧģҪȢġ
ӻģǰҪȥϼѣ˼ҹĲȢӵġҲ⼸꣬ӻԼҲ˵˹ϡӻ˻ء
ϯӻӣлӣҪ㣬Ǽҹﻹûн졣ӻǸùһʦģⱭȫ˾㡣
ӣҵҩ·ӣӻڵ֪ʶһôܹڵĺأ
˵鴦
ڶȥЩˣֻ֪ʱ࣬ʱӻڼ˵׵˵˸ģ˵ܸһٲ
ڶǸýŵˣȴǵʱߡ
һŮһٿҪȥ
ܵǣһٿʱԸоԼ©һġ
һ˲Ķҡ̰Ůٺãѵ
û취డ
µΧ࣬Ķ뵽ڵĺأ
꣬ӵĽģӣĻʼҩģʼҩ
Ͻһ칤˵ǹʵռŵҩĺðˡ
һӶƴɣǮ˵ҲûԵĵزôǲΪӶˡ
ӻԼˣӣʵʵľһ
ӣϽȥˣҲ
¹ӣϲϣӣĴͽԾӵġ
ӻʦ
ֺǺӣϯ棬εϯ˪ģϯϵĲÿóԡ
ӣʦô
ڿӣϣӵҲԳҳ̬Ⱥ˺ܶ࣬ûָָġ
񣺡ʦ˵˹ҲбĴӵģͲˣʣ㣬ڼҳҲһ
ӣû˵ʲôҲȳ񣬳񾭹ʵʱСȻԹ࣬СǼǳԲǴ򣬿ӹȥܱıġ
ҲһǱЩŻ˵ӵġ
һֱˣҲȥ°꿪ʼŲҪÿζȥˡ
ܵ̡
ӣ˿ȣڳһȥһߣˢ˷ۣȻء
ÿˮҪɣ
ӻĻ֣Ǵ˼꣬згӻع硣
ӻҵ治ﻹгأ
զ˵ӻʵأúõϻӣŮˡ
𻨶ŮʮãϻӣзĲҲȫŮѹӴȥˣ⻹˺ôһ档
Ŀӻ뿪ĨҪת
ͻȻһƵ
һ˴ڡ


112 
, ʮټģҪ˵ǾǰɫԲ, λ˵۾
, ȲǰߣҲת뿪
ϾЩһӶûҪһѣǿҫþõˡ
һ·, ʱ, ˼ˡ
Ϊ׵, һžװһ۾˹˹ĵġ
иϽӭҲֱ, Ҳû˵Ҫ鰡, ˣҲ˭õġ
ӭȥ, , һǹ, һ³ǾԵȥˡ
ӳ˹Ĺǵı, ˵˼ʲôֻȴæ˲, ˮ˼, æá
˹ҡҡͷ, һװȴ˵, ֻǽǣվڳӱϣһͷ˽ȴǰȺѰҡ
Ƕ߹иܵиλ쵼Ѱ׵ģܴʱ䲻㡭
ȹ˵꣬װ˾˵и磬ң
иһסˣô
۾ʪ⣺һˡ
ȥ֣ƺһУʲôȲһһˡ
иĻҪʣΪʲôôʱ䲻ΪʲôЩŶûУм֪֪һﶼŲֲˡ
иס֣ãͺáˣӣһҲء
ɲǸˣиǺӣڻ֮ǰѾѼˡ
㻹ûŮɣҵģСѾͷĿɺã衣Ҳ𡭡
ӣѾͷ壬۴˻·ˣҶ⼸껹˳ǡ
ˣ϶˵Ĳˡ

и߶߶˵һѣǶʮֵɫǰա
Ҳй⣬ˣǸ۾ľͲ˵ˣǸʲôģװģż𲻵ء
ƽĴͷĶܻ쵽
Ѱ˼缸ӣɲٲܲˡ
缸£ӻﰵļиҲǰҩ˵޷ǾǵߴӺùǽҩĵģɽϵиϺ궼ôȥԼڿ˲١ֻһССǸ
и˻ͷΧһȦΧڱϴ˷ӿš
ɽΧӼʻˡ
ǰӶùҲԲʲôأ
ߴӲǮдС
զɶ¶һռˣ
ӳ׼ߥŹѵߴӵĲҵûˡ
ڲ˵ƾɶӾ͹Լӣ
͸÷׳һ֣
ǱҲòˣǰǹϲǲ۲ߴӵ룬ɲǺһЩյ磬һ£ǲ쵼ᶨ
ŵߴӷĸ˼궼û£Ҳõʱˡ
ľ͸ǼߴӵϸǷֵͷϡ
ǾѰ˼Ҹи˵˵ѽĽ붼Ͻˡ
ô
ǲˡ
˼Ҵ˰
ѱϵ
Խǹʦξͬһġ
Խ˳ݣȧϻЩɹİߵ㣬˿ʡڱº͵УһķɳʹϣԵʳڡ
иֲ˼ջȥڿĨ˺ü²סԽ֣á
ܽиô֣صĽܣ˿϶һˡ
ԽãΪҪҵҲ
Խ뵽ʲôŵκͱˣгҡ
Խģ֪ԼòñвʵʵΡ
·飬ϣһĸˡմӷյо֮ΨһҪȥҳҡ
ɾԺ˸ʣҵĵҲ˵иĨᣬ˵ԼԳҵꡣ
Խûз˺ܶѯʣղ֪ࡣ
ֻɤӣеĲҵûգ˵ߵʱûһȥֻǱŵ··ˡ
Խпʹһ붼ȥǣ˱˵Ȱ裬ֱҳҡ
;ӽģΪԽоܵȼܸߣȥﶼҪԱС
ڵ֪ԽҪأӧ˹
Խڸ·һֱû˯£ȫǳҵ£ʲôӡ
ᱻ𣿻Ѿ
Խ롣
иһԷҳҵģʱˣˣںɽǿסءҴȥ
ԽܸоԼŵĺ𣿡
иȻ˵Ĺϵȴɴأͬ־ܸģǴӵͶҲճ롣
иĻش˿ûԽġ
Խļóһļݸии磬ǳҵļ¡ͬ־ҪٵģҲ˵ġ
иӹļ鿴֮ųһ
û£ʱ˸ͽģͽǴԵƽʱҲԡ
ֺãԴӿʼɽϷټӣĹϵϵҲк͸һżϵСץҰҰãܻӭĺܡ
ټҲǳϽģиԳ񣬾͸ͨԱûˡ
ӺùҵӾͲĶȥ
иǱߴǰͷ̽Դֵĳһɤӣ
ƨƨܹи壬ɶ°
иһָԽʦģȥɡ
ʱӣϵµĴԽ˭ʦֲϵ㡣
ʦһӱʱʦ˵ˣûûֵܵģ˭Ҫʦ
ԽҪ˵и˵ûµģȥҸʦЩģҪģԴ粽Ŀңô
óûòҲó̫ͷ
ʵϣܸ͵㣬һֻõĺ
ԴǺðɡ
ת˲ŤͷιǲǸʦһָ
Խͷԣԡ
ŶһеɥĴɽߡ
ˣǽָˣʦ϶Ҫˡ
˸Խһߡ
վڳϣԽ߲Ӱˡ
иһˣ߰ɣҴȥӣѾͷ˶أŮ
ʮ⶯ȴҡͷи磬£Ҵ磬˳ҴҵǸӣҫڡ˵ӽҲ˰ɣסĶ
еġ


113 
ҫڵ, ڽ괺ϻ˴ӡ
ӣ²һλõڳ֮ûеطȥ, ֱӻ˴ӡ
˳ǰ֮, ڴӵһס£ӺùҲŹһ˳ԱȫҲӡ˵ԣȴǶŶŵġ
ҫڳ֮Ͳһ, ҫڶ, ֮Ȼ˵Ĳ, ؼȴǰ̬ȡ
Լһ˵ָĻǵ˳ôá
ҫڻصҾͿʼ²ɻµϹǼļƣɡ
˳ڶѾûκ, ִ˼öӷɸ߷ԶҲû䡣
ҫԽĲ, ˳һ㷭ָҲûˡ
ָûԵأ
ҫڲɻ, ȴæʲôأ
, ˳֮Ҹš
ҫѾǶʮü, ģҫҲȢˡ
, еߴӵĺӷţҲҲһϱӡ
иҫڳ֮µ˵˵, ѹһѹŭ
һӵֵ, ӣѾ, û⼸ӣ˪̽, ûһҶӣѾ˳ǣ˪˵Ѿؼȵĳʦˣ۳žͶǺӣαظ߹޽أ
иЩί˵ڿǸɲˣЩӣѾͷ̬ˣ̨棬ҲѾ˽ѵ
Цһи磬˵ĶԣһҪȼ˳
ֵܣԼֵܣ
и㲻ȼӣѾͷ
һ£ȵȰɡ
ûŮ
ߴӵƷӲ٣⼸ӺˣһҲϱϷּҵҲԽԽࡣķӶڿĵطɽǱߵĺöɷӾ͸¹滮˵طֽ
ڴӳ˲ҪţиӣȺУҲкȥӣ˵һ
ȻؼȥɣȻǾ͹ȥ
길Ůϣܲͷ
һֱߵһưܵķǰѹ˽Ų
ֻﴫԡ˵
϶ܹܲȥԣģŹȿȿȸûˣ
ӵķӣ㲻Ը͹
˵˭أģϲǣңȢϱ
ĴΣȢϱȢƨ
ǲ᣿˵Ҫ㲻񻰣㵱ӣǼںˣ˼ҽˣմմϡ
Ϊ˭ҲΪ㣿

游һϣһᣬáָֻ
и̾㿴ɡ
ЩӵĻû˹ܣҲһֱõġ
ȴ룬ǰһ߿ҡҡ׹ľţͨһŵҶ͵ڵϣҳ衣
ҫں˳ȴûеһʱĸУ˵ĵӶСˡ
ȵһžװվڷĻҳʱ˳ɴ۾
㡢
˳ŵսսվסҪ¡
û
ñժˣˣиš
һȥ˳Ĳ졣
磬ö겻ˡ
˵źþòȴɴ䣬һȭ˳ϡ
žƴȭ˵͸˳˸
˳տʼڰļ϶ŵ֣ܵܵԼ֪ˣȴ˲ˣǲ룬ΪˣĻ˵ס
ҫڱɪɪ
ղֺ֣ϲһ¡
ӣɶˣǲ͵ÿмˣ
ȻԼȭͷûˣ
ҫڶ֣ܡ
Լԩǰ۸ӣ£ֵĴզ㵽ͷ
忴ȥףôһ᲻Ҳ
ҫܣ
ѱͷԵ˳һǰסҫڡ
ҫŵҪˣΡΡı⣺壬ԩͷծⲻҰ㡢㿴Ұֻ衭ʱϲ۸ӣˣȥڸǸ磬Ҵȥ
и޲ðѶ
⻹ǵӵģ˸̶ǿ
ҫһԵİƣԹ޵ģǰ衣
ӣԹˡ̫ûǸӡ
ҫ꣬ɱһĶȥ
ʵԴӳ֮󣬾ȥҹꡣֲϹĻǿɸɣȻҲǮǰ͵ķ֡Ȣϱ⿿ϵǵ㹤ǲġҫڵһӦǰһ
˳꣬Ƿģ
ѵò
ϻӦɵȻϱûϱҵѵҪͷϣ
ҫȥ꣬ûžͱˡ
걻˵һĸӣ˲ȱӣȱһڼҸɻġ
ȥ֮˵ùҲùﲻָµظɻ֣˵ѹҲѹæż⡣
豾ѣȺȢţŸѵĥڼ˵֪ҫڳˣ˳˶֪
ҫţû˵ͱ˸ˡ
ҫڲ֪ǲ˼ֻܰ˼ͷϡ
壡ңǰҲʮ߰ˣûզ۸ӣ㡣ȥ裡ӣÿɼϴѣʿŮ֤͵Ǯ軹˵ͷ޹ȥ裡
ҫ°Ͳӵ˵
Ұ֣Ұ͵˶ǮٿǮ
壬ûɶ
ȷʵûɶ£ûզƹӣ
˳ɵڵϣԼĲհ鶼ƹĲѪ
˵
ҫֱĸߣ˵Ծ˵ˣжҵģ˵ǻţҲøҹ
ҫԽ˵ԽԼ뷨ǶԵģҪ˵϶Ҳ롣
ԣ
ǸӻҧҫԽ˳š
壬ĴҰĴˣҽ㣡ҶʱҲ۸ӣ
ǴˣǸûôûҪӣѾͷôҾΪҫڿǵġ֪һ

ȭͷ߬Ŀ֨죬һ߷ੲݵҫڡ
ǰ˳ӵ
磬ҵĺô硣ʱ˵ʲôǵ𣿡
˵ҿţ˵չ޶˵㵱ģԼҲӣչ˺á
̤ľǷƨǰɣ
Ҳͼչˣ㵹еҵľ
㻹Ǹ𣿡
ҹŮ˵ͷ㻹˼˵ûô
ȫҶǻñӦϱȥˣӲѧԼҪĶûУǱӦ

˳δЩЩѣȴֻԼʱ˲áڱһһӦϣ˶ˡ
Ӧ
ߥӣ޸ӵģԼȥ˵ĸӵĺ衣
ҫڿǷޣռȫҵĺôԴЩԴҲȫǰϡ
ԼҪɶûУŮҲֿҵȫɢ
˳ԼĵܵܣԷȻҲӲͦҲ׳Լȫͬ
ôЩ꣬ȥһ޳ɡ
Ƶ˶ԽԽˣǸӻһ̲һš
ΪĶӣֵܵŮǰҲһͿءӣһѾͷƬӣǿԼ˺˼ң˳ǣ
Լأ
˳ͷǹϵɢɥ̧ͷ
ҫڼţߵ໽С
ҼסⱲӣҶ뿴ҲûֵܣĸķͷһͷǨߣҼһδһΡ
ˣҫڰϰϵĽл
Σȷ岻ٻˡ
ҫһɵһ׵϶ȥ
ʲôûǸˣҫνʼ磬Լû˳ء
˳ԵɵɵģŻʹ
뵣ǵˮ
Ӧ
˵ͬʱһưܷ
˴ƿ֨ѽľš
廨ͷҲ̧СˣеҶǸղģ˵˵㰡ôĹˣҪϵ͵ˣ㿴·ϥϵĲĶ÷ˣҸŪƣҿҪԼˡ
ҧͷ·˦£ԡ
էȻϵҴԭء
Խ˵ңһˡ


114 
ڳԹӻĻ֮, ӣ˪ΪҪȥӣԴŮȻ˼ҡ
⼸һӶסڳµķӶ˳
̫÷ûסư, ɴиˡ⼸֪˶, ǰ¹֪Ҳס
̫ͰԼҵķӽ֪סÿ֡
̫ԼģӺͶϱǨˣԼĻڻûǰÿֵ㹤֣Ҳܶʳ
ڳס, Ƿ, ԺȶǻǮ, һ˶ҪǮ̫սǻ۵Ĳء
ڵǺöˣ˪ļˣһ¹ʮ, ӣҽҲۼ, һ¹Ҳиʮࡣ
Сһ붼ˣĹ
̫ǰ껹ʹ, ҴЩ, ǲһڼҼһǺü, СӲ󣬻һ档
ӣû˵, ˪Ⱦܾˡ
˪˵װף˵ȥȥʡؼʦʱ, ˳ȥʡǵĴҽԺ˸
Ҳ˵, ̫֪СھǴֻһġ
̫ǰѷӽ˴, ӣҵķ, ڿǹ䷿Ǯջס
ǮջڹŮǷǸǲģסӣҵķá
ÿλشﶼ˵ĺܣˣΪѿֻڼң˼ֻѩ׵Сӣ۾ﶼǿ
ѿѾĴˣڼĩǱš»һԼСã̾˽ͷ
ҪҪĻһһֻֻܴһֻŶ
Сһë׵ӣ˵ֻòãѿˣϲѿˣ
ѿСƨĵĻ泩ֻҲңڳﻹҪѧѽҪֻ
Ժͦţ˵ˣĸܳСҪһֱãһֻĸãкܶСˣ
ѿԴ˵Ķԣҵֻþһãһĸá¾Сˡҽ˵ˣĿɿˣֻҪ£ҾͻһСã
ұ̹һĿǰָֻͷ㡣ָͣͷ
¾ͿһСãһꡭ
кööã
ѿҲ˵ˣְ裬ǲҲˡ
ѿԼᣬҪʱ㶼ͬأ˵Ĳϸ˵ĸֱˣ˵Ҳûãȥҳɽץࡣ
ѿأòŲΪ˳ԣ
ôɰСãҪģ
Ҳ˲Ѿ¶˾ģ£һȥҰְ֡
裬֮ǰ˵ˣڳﲻأ͸һԺҼСһǼҾֻֻ
Ҳ鷳ģҼСÿ춼Ҫȥιĳӡ
Ҳϲ鷳ģȻǺܺóǺ鷳
ӣջ˵ұס˰ְֵĴȡ
˪õͷ֪˭øߣŮССһţˣҲûȸߡ
ұôˣ
ö룬϶ʲôҪӣģȻѾͷ϶ǵһӦȥˡʮа˾žӣͬɵ¡
ССʰְְ֣֣Ǵֻûȥòã
˪ÿɷ񣺡ŶôҪӣ㲻˵ó𣿡
⻰ɲ˪޵ķʸСѾͷϴʱ߶˵ӺóλһѰװ׵СӲϲϵġ
ٺÿСӣҲǳѽ
˪ɲԼӣЩСѾͷ᲻
ҿûˣſڰְֵĶ˵ѿ˵ˣ¾һСӡ
˪ԣ
һôôı飺ôСӣӵȻͿԳѽ
ָͷְ֣ҪԺ⣬пȣкöţҲϲԣã
˪
Ůĵڶصˣ˼ҵĺӵһ仰Ǻְ裬ҵСѾͷһ仰ǡ
Ϊӣеϻ𣬿ļ
ױĿˮֱ۾ﶼðˡ
ְ֣ǴһûȥǾͿԳԺööˣ
˪Щ޿κΣ㻹ȱ԰
ʲôû죬һӣһңÿ춼ָͷͣ˪ϰˡ
Ǽһ¹һٿ飬ǻҲȱ˼Ҷˡ
ңȱ⣬ԣ
ȱ롣
Һܼᶨ
ְ֣ˣϲ㣡
˪аɣߵʱϡ
ʲôԭһԭˡ
һ㲻ģڰְһڣЦȥѿԼҪȥɽء
ǸճȥûãҾСȻˡ
ְְ֣֣桢˵˵İְֻˣ
˪ʲôİְ֣
ҼĲУƫƫֽͲˣҺúˡ
Ű˵
ӣһ£ﲻ֪ʲôζ
˪Ӳԣס֣û£иģڼȡ
ӣĸҲûʲôӡӣЩ磬ĸ׵ķرϼһշء֪ӣҲ֪ôԡ
ӣǿЦЦţû¡ҽǺˡ
¹˳ϲϣܻرˡ
˪ӣļ򣺡ţһжġ
Ǳߵ֪ûԤ磬˴ʹֶӣתȴȥɽһǰһ
ȵţŵֶڲ
˶ȴԼˡ
һųСС̽Դ˭ѽ
ииͷ
ֶĲӣҡ衣
Ŷһ̽ԴкӳүүҲ
أǽɣ
Сһǰ·
ѾΪ˸ӣʱֹסˡ
ӣΪԼҪΪĳ棬ڼԭĸʱҲ಻סᡣ
֡
һֺҲûô˵ڡ

ȵ£˵Щ顣
ûжԼʲôģǰ꣬ҾҲǺܺãҲ֯ȥ˼ܵط𰲱ҵʱ˵ţǱû
ԼⱲӣڹңŮ
ֻΪһĶ˭֪Ȼ
ҶԲ衣
ӣ˲ǰ˵᣺˵ˣҶ֪ġ
һЩͳ˴ź
λԺ󶼲𣿡
ҡҡͷЦ˳ģģҿĿĵʵ̲סˡ
ҲλŵһɶĸоЩ飬ȴ
ӾȻѾŮҲɻ飬ϸڣ֪֮ʹķߺޡ
󲮣Ҹղȥһ١ĲãĸŮί
ӣҡҡͷûʲôίġ
ίģԭеǸ⡣
һҪߡģ꣬һתҵ
ŮɳЩ꣬ҲԸŮˡ
ӣȴ˵û£ġ˪˵׼ܵˣΪ̫ġ
˵һ˪ڱϵʻˡ


115 
Ůܽ, ׼ģο˪˵ĻŮʵûֳһ˪ˡ
̫Ĳ, ׼ҹ, ˪ôľͷ׮ƵģⲻӣŮ޿ˣ
͵͵˪һ£˪ǸɰͰ͵ĵӣŮ˵һ㲻ġ
̫ʵûˣɴƳȥ
һС˾գŴ۾ȥ, ԼСӼӣм䡣
, ˭ѽ
ӣСָү, һ
ҹԹԵĽˣһӾСѾͷ
ǽң֣
ӣûüͣҾͲ˵ңң
ôôôɵ, ÿα˶ҪǲǽҡߣŲ, СѾͷұҺء
ȵ̧ͷӣӣͷա
˪ԼߣŮġ
Ŀ˪СѾͷ, ɬǴԺҪһ
ӣ, һСħǾ͹ͷˡ
һӲ֪˵ʲô, ȻԼǲģȻЩ겻һֱŮҲ֪»Ǵͳ˼, ˪ȻŮԼգҪһ顭
˪ǵøһӼӵʮ֡
˪ļ򣺡úú, չĸŮ, Ҳˡ
ԼԹ˸˷Ŀ, ھ˪ͺܲ, øԼһȥԶĵطչ˼ˡ
Ҿϵļ¡
үʲôѽ
СһֱڿټϵǣЦ˵ǼأҪ𣿡
ҿֵĵͷҡҡͷүңû·
£үһ֡
Ӷһñֽõֽүٿ
ӵĿ˿ӣӣͷſĵллү
۵ʱǶݵģûһԽʹųˡ
ƺǿ޹ʱѾӵĳ졣
Խųҵں档
ӣų֣ǰˡ
һֵĳҲкᣬǰڰˡ
ľųСɽ壬Ѿ꣬Ӹʱʮ꣬ѾǶʮĴ
ӣ㣬ģһȥ֮һֱǵģҸĶ
ӣȥ᣺ţҵš
ǮջҵѿųĴȿޣСеġ
ǮջҲ£ųҵ֣ȥ˳žͺãüǹǡ
ҸǮջӣһлл
֪ӣǮջ⣬ǰӡ
һЩˣ⼸½½ȥ˺üģӲͦꡣ
ӣַϵңͷǵҡ
ԽҲһӵ˾˹ߵʱҪһŽᡣ
ɽСϵ뿪ӣҵС֣Ÿ׵Զȥ

ŲԼϵֽȻʮöʽѫºһǮƱ
ϲѫ£Ÿӣ
˪ĬĬһ飬˵һǧٶ顣
ӣ¶ݣһԶ˵ĸףôЩ꣬ǽԼеĻһ𣬾͵Ÿļˡ
ӣĬĬ
˪ס֣ӣ˵߰ɣǻؼҡ
ȵЩ꣬ʱ͸ԭĸ׵ķһޣٸԭҲһչס
ҵƽƺʾµһ׶ε
û£̫յҲٻʡż
мǳپĸֱ͸ֽ
ʡѾʦоҲʡĽʦʸ񣬲վͻ޶硣꣬ϣһа
̫ˮСߣ˵һжãġ
ӣȰţˣһҪǺ°
⼸ȻӣûɩӺֶӣɳģĵ㲼ϣһصɵģһӵĹϵԶ
̫֪Ҿܡ
úõĶӣǰԶ󣬽ȥ˿ͷ
۰
ǻʱ˰££޶СĻۡ
˪ӣ˼٣̫ҲԼõ·һȥվˡ
̫ģվԲ԰˵һ𣿡
˪һ࣬Сʱܵء
̫ȦļӣԸ̫̫վ̨ƱһҲˣֱȥվ̨š
һҴʱҲС
ŴŲһĶӶڻϡ
ţʡʡɣ¿ĥûתڿ졣Ͼ͵ˣһĶֱˡ
ĲУôЩ֪꣬òá
ţڼҲûãⲻϾҪˣ
ŶδҲη壬⼸ദĺܺгԲ˲ףÿ궼ǴС߼ĶǸδ˵ǸҽҲû˵СŲ
ŵԸе֣һ
һ˵Сϱء
ŶŶӣһҪˣĲģ
ҵĶ˰࣬žһ沣˵ʹӺҲ
гɿʻվ㣬޶ͷ󺹵İѶ˳
Զ˪ͿˣҲΪһұȽۡ
ͷ߶ƵܳһԶŵ֮٣Сվ㻹Сģʵٵĺˡ
˺Լ̧۾Ϳ˲ٵĸףһ
̫ǿЦ˾ͺã˾ͺã
Ÿ߽ܡ
ɩǽڳסһ쿴ҪҪشȥ
أ
뿪ôãλ϶ҪȥϷصġ
һֵĻ˼ң緹˪׼һӵĻΪѹ츸Ǵ˳ӣԻ˪˵ͯѵõļ䡣
˪ʮţһ鰾ɵĹףϴнԳζ뻨齷ζͮͮİ߹ףȥÿ
ںöˡǱߵʵǳƲϺãûóԵġ
ɫԱ߷̲ˣ˪ԼըѼţȡ
СĳԲ˪С׼۰׵ţ˵ǹ𻨣ССըӺһС
ҿһСܵܣĵתȦ
ҲڲС
Ҫιȴȵķ֣ҸܵһľƵӡ
ܵܣԣ
ŵĵĿŶӣһĶڻӺأι˳ԡ
ҿ֣ܵܲϽֱܴܵϴõС֣СȥҨȤҲӣ붼ϡ
ȴ⣬ֱȥ˪ʱѾ̶˳־ͿʼԣģĽ̵ܵܣԣ
ģը־ܳԣûţ߸ѧ֡
ӣԼԣҲԡ
ţû⣿
ӣû£·˾ͻ
ŶӳԵģŷģҲɣ̵á
һ߳ԣһ߳ԼΧ졣ԼչԼܼűء
ϡӵǺã滹жܿء
԰ڣҰְָŶ
ССľͷͷһСͷء
ӣչСӸѧÿӵϰģ˪˼˫ҪĻʹһ˫ߡ
һٷ
ͦųԳŵĶӣһһ˵
̫ӵĴ㣺ѧУǱû𣿡
ʼջǵȥ֮᲻ϱ⡣
˵ӣҲȰˣ˵δǻ仯ģûųҶƽȥ˵ˣһȥ֮ͻָ˱ľԺְλѳұߵķҲ˻ء
ĸףûµģʦǰҲ·ˣҲȻȥģĿǰ˵ȻȥʦδоѧУҲҷ˷ӣʱҲܰһѧУĺڸλ
е㲻˼ѧߣ˵Ӧòѡ
ҪسǵϢŵĸĸһֱ˯þǰǾ˲ŮҲϲ˾ͼˣֻҪúùС
ͻȻͳ˴ѧĵԱ˵ܸһ¥ڽء
ŵĸĸӵĻسǣȥ˵˺Щ
ûĵˣİԼȥҲ˽ţ׼һʡȥ
ӣʱ䣬Ѿ꣬Ҫָ߿ѽʦлȥƺʲô顣
̫ҲϲԼʵӶõʱ˺ϱȥҵĶϱʵˡ
ĵ㲻Ҫ£ʡ˺Щģȥʲôľһ˰Ӽǧ֮ĵط͸ǰӦġ鷳
һ˵˵ЦЦλسǣҲȼҾã˵һ죬߿ҪָءھҲ˲٣иҵȱ˲ţѧҲһֱšҲʦʦ˵æŸ˽ʡ
⻰˵ľͺֱˣʦ˽ʣܽʲôǵͬǶˣ
д㣬׼ɡ
˵ģȻǸ߿ˡ˪ǸӣǵҲǶеģӣǸء
˪ţ֪ˡ
ʵ⣬ӣЩһֱ߶Ÿ߿ȥ꿪ʼżһӷƷչվļ顣
ӣĿǺͲ²û˪˪ҲȫȻ֧֡
ֻͣ˶̶̼죬ʹ޶ȥʡϰˡ
ߺӣʼʽ뵽˸ϰĽ׶Ρ
տŮļ϶ӣֲ;Ķ֪ʶˢס顷
һֱһ꣬ڶУڸ߿ǲҪָϢյԽԽҡ
Ǯջѵýһ˳ǣӣЩӣҸ׼ɣҽĵĲѽͱҵˣʦ˵ܸƼһҽרԼҪ߿ˣȥ
ǮջôҲ벻ԼһȻҪΪŮ̫
ҽרѡٴΰǰǮջ´ᣬ߿ֲָˣôأ
Ѿ1977İ£ָ߿ϢҲº
ӣɲ꣬ǸǮջ˶裺˵úøϰɡ
߿϶ָܻ
Ǯջڰģתһ룬߿ָˣ硭ǲǾҪѧˣ
һ뵽ܣǮջǾϲеš
ӣɼһֱȿ飬ϢˣҾҲشˡ
صȥ
ӣ仰Ǯջȵˡ
ǣһʮ¶ʮһգӣڱϿ˸߿ָϢ
õϢ֮һһ˸ᡣվǣӣǵרı˪Ҳʼҹϵְ벻ɹӣĽҪǵڵĹӣһȥ
̫ͷһθСڵ뷨һ£ķ̫Ҳ˵Ͽϵ⣬˪ĴҲҪʵ̫ϧˡ
ֵĳ¶ȴ֧˪ȥҲãط̫Сˡ
ûӣ߿£ҲǴһͽܵġ
СسôгϢ˪ؼʦˣߣûôס
ؼϵĶһȣЩҪμӳձʸѡģۣ˪ٲμӣҲȥءʱμӼߡ
˵ҹ˪ĵȼţѡ
˵ˣʵҲⲻ
¶ҲҲرȥ
ͽ֣ʦĵȻҪȥݻˡ
ӣߣҪְҲ֣ܳ⼸ҽȥҽҵһֺӣϣҲķڷ
ҽҵ˵಻࣬˵Ҳ٣ӣְڲʱϰ
̫Ӷϱ֣Ҳֻͬ⡣
ӣ²˳٣ȥｻϣ裬ҺͻشӣҸһɣ
̫Ȼ԰
ӶϱˣҲúûȥչˡȻμӿԣǾͿ
ӣȥ콻ӵʱ򣬽պҪҪμӸ߿
תۼȥպȶûнСҽҵС׷ȣûþͱȵֱ˼άܣʵʵķˣҵһ迴õ˼ң⼸ֵź֮Ϊѡ
һֱûϺʵģѹͲס
Ϊ˸ӣ²˺öΡ
ӣ˵ԼĴ㣬Ⱥͽնˡ
˵ָ߿˶ֱƸ۷ȥ߿ĺ˻ټġ
ӣܹҪһԵģ˵ˣοԿϣ´ء֮´ΣҲû̫Զ𣿡
ȣһ˵ȷʵǵģλء
գҲôְɣ
ӣ԰ѼĴ˵ףߵĴˣҰ˵ĹҲҪġ
ڵʱҲֻøһĲᡣ
ӣİְΪ˺䶯ǳһϢ
תۼ䣬ӣĴְͲҵˡ
ΪƵԾҲְˣͬǲμӸ߿


116 
˵⼸, ӣûȥԾϢġŮ֮ӣǰ˼ŮϣҲûֳעġ
ӣ, ԾϢͲ֪ʵ, Ծǳһģֻȴʲô
Ծ⼸һֱûЪ˼һֱǺܼᶨҪһšͣý˽ܣ, һ֯, ԾܻĲμӡȴÿζʧܡ
Ϊ˻ֳ, ЩԾģԾ˼ҡԾϵģȴԸ⡣
һȥкʵ, ҲԸԾˡ
ýŶ, ˵ԾĲҲй, ˵Ǯ, ôҲھͽ᲻˻鰡
ʵ, ԾҲš
Ҳŵԭռ˺ܴһ֡
Ծ, ԶԶѾʮ, ʮ㡣
ǳԺṷӡ
ԶԴӸ˺, Ƕѧ, ÿر, ʱʱı˼ҳҵҪ˵
Ȼô£ѧУҲǳɼϡãмҳ
˵Ծᵽһô¡
ĥеĺ׳־ԾԼЩˣ׵Ҫһٽ
ʲôʧҲƽʲôϣһŮˮ֮С
յһƵСӳְʵȨһûСߵ˲˵˳˳ˮյСǶ˻飬ؼпȷԡȴÿƣӦӻٳ
Ծһܡ
ۡ
ʲôϱӵĳɾͣʲôһõŮ˴ӣʲôҵͼ󣬶˿롣
۳ԼһһյڳĥǸûκͨӡԾȲסˡ
εĸ߿һĻᡣ
ԾĶͷ˾ȰȰ˵αطҪְأְĺô죿ķȻܸţְݽ϶ûķˡ˵ҲˣۿžҪӹˡ
ƿƳÿϧҲԾ̫ðա
Ǹ߿ײμӵģ
˵αкЩأΪǲѧݣʲôɷƼԳﱨ˾кЩ
ƿƳû˵ǣԾѧռƣôĸһСûģܿ
ԾҪãǲСһ˼ûǣ۵ģźӣһɡ
Ծл쵼ĺ⣬ȴԼ뷨鷳˰ɣĻˡ
ᷳ͸ˣ
ᷳոһյᷳһɲǳ֪ԼѾʧĺüᡣ
Ǽͥʧܣֵܼİĥ⼸걾Ӧûܵͻᡣ
ֻи߿ܸıһˡ
Ծ룬ԼξͿȥľųǣ֮ءԶҲУ˴ѧһԹͬĶһоͶԻص졣
ƿƳȰֻϸ£аɣҪǴ⣬ҾͲȰˡúøϰҲǳӡ
Ծһʽʼȥ
ѾµְļԾͷһξ泩
߹ԺǰһƬƹʯӣôȥҵ㸨飬ץʱ俪ʼ
ĻǲɣԾŵģϱӿǰĺܴ󡣽ָ߿ĿӦҲѵȥġ
Ծ뿪ԶʯһСС˵ŴϢ
˵Ѿˣ˵Ҫרıء
Զʮ꣬˸Ȼݣȴװڿ㶵һ̣Ծأ
ջڵ
Сࣺ˭֪أ˵ǳв˶Ÿ߿ء˵˻ܰ䡣ԴҪȥ
Զһڣ飬ҲûãϾţ
˵ȻŴ꣬лӰ쵽Զ
ʱϲʲôϾţһֻǮϿ
Զѧѧ֮Ҳ֪ʶֻ߶ŵȹҪȥǮ
Զ֣ţǵõӲǶϡٺϴëĲ㣬ǽҪһʤ
СһظϣȺþˣ
Ȼ֪ԼѾʼС͵С˶ǮԾʼ˸ϰĹ̡
صȰԼ˽Ǯóһ顣
Ծ룬һΣһΣθ߿ĻᣬһβоһΡиһǿϣҲûϵȵʱ򣬷ɶˣĸ￪ʼϷȥϷʼƴ¡
תҵѣһǧ飬ϷһƬ˿ĻĵأʱǮȥһƬأʲôҵ·
Ծרĵڼҿʼϰˡ
ӣҲԼĸϰϻش帴ϰ
ӣصǮѾڼˡ
˼ѧʮ꣬ͤͤʱֻ۾ǶδĿΡ
ӣ㣬ǻˣ
Դӵõ˸߿ָϢ͵ӣش
ӣ㣬ôҲû뵽߿ȻĻָˣ
Լˣ¸ձҵھøˡ
ӣͷǰǶϺʱˡ
ߴߴ˵Ŵ顣
˵߿ָˣ֪֪ͣأҶҪȫĸϰмҸ֪ģҲڳܣΪ˱ֵĲɿ
޵Ǵӵİ鳼ˣҲأ˵Ҫ飬ҪμӸ߿سȥ
ӳ⼸챻ȥġ

ӣǲ⣬磺ʣʱ䲻ˣ££ǿҪȫԸˡ
֮ԲڳﱸҪȫȫĸϰ
ڳסŴԺ˶ӵģǷѿࡣ£ԼķҲڡҲڴ棬ڳﱻš
ӣóʡһײο顣
ͰǸڳǴһѧ
Ǻ飺ã
̫ʮ֪ȤĲţǮջǰһʱǼĲУÿ춼Ҫ͸ֳԵĺȵġ
Ǵ˶Ůȥ⣬ÿ춼Żĸ˲
ѿ֪ǹغһӵĴ£ҲʵʵģżᱧƢȥ档
֪ͽӣϣӣҲûҴţԼùĶȥ˳
δİᶼӣϡ
İһûеʱİͽڽڲʹ֮⼸֪ǶԽԽ
ʲôҪԼǰ갾סˣ˴ϡ
ȥҲһŮ
ӣûʰĴ㣬ҲϽ
лת뿪
ӣĬƬ̣ͷԼĸϰ̡
ʮ£ϵı˶ס˳ûݵдס
˶һɾ
ҪϴѧҪ뿪
ӣ֣д־Ըһĩ߽˿


117 
߿, ӣ𴲾ͱ˪¡
Ȳæء
ҲɵĽ̫Ϲ˵Ҫ, Ҫȥ, һ۰İְҲǳʱȥ
Ҹտʼ⣬ðְôˣǰҪһȥѽôھֻһ˷ڼأ
ڿԣҲ, ǰѾ, ϾǸżܴģΪ˿, ȻŶˡ
׼Ե裬ÿ춼Ҫȥס
ⲻ˪һ𴲣ҾҲˡ
ӣҶڱ, Ʈζ
ȵ緹, ӣ𴲡
˪ΪҪμӸ߿, ׼ר㿼
緹Ǽ򵥵, ЩƤ, һײˣͻ, ǰʱԼ㳦һ˱ǵζ
ӣԵı, ȵı˪ȥ
СҲҪ, ӣ£ڻ, ֻ̽ԴϵһС
˵ط, ӣгӡһס
裬ͣ
˪װˮˮݹȥ͡
ӣͷţ
˿̫䣬˶ǲͣĺһֱȵﴫŰ
˵ת۵㣬ˡ
Ե죬ӣע߶ȼУҲ˱ţ͸ϹӻؼҳԷ˯ȵ
˪춼û˯ãҲżͷæǸӣȥͻؼ˷ӡ
ͬסһԺҺҵļϱۺ졣
ȻѾסһü̲꣬ס˪ԼҵүǱȽϡ
һȽϣͿԼǸٰ㲻˳
ô˼Ҿܶôأ
ҵãҪǾ͸Ž£˪ʮĳܿԣ˾ٰ
ҵľͲˡ
ӵдʣҲû˼ӣһͰƾɶҪҸ˪һ
ӵﲻأԼϱ쿪˼ӣԼйǳҽҵС쵼ҽãҲĺã˺ʲô˵
ǲӡ
ӵⷬһȱˡ
˵˭أ˼ӣûӣ˼ҹĶãҪб£ҲһôԵŮܾͱĳ죡
ӵϱ˾Ȼվŵһߡ
ǣ˵˭ã˵ҡ
СѣжưԣڴԺҲ˼˰
ӣʱ򶼲⣬Լ˪ôһŮôô츳ȫ˼ʹϵҲǾˡ
ò˵ǼĶ
߿ϣӣȴͷһ׮£ڼ׼ꡣ
ǰЩӣùԼ˪ˣﵽǲ֡
⼸ңӾԽԽоͷˡ
Ҳ࣬ǳԵһԸµġ
С˵Ҳ񣬵ⲻǻˤڣ
һСˤڣһ죬ŴԺĸǵܣ浽˾ͻְĺóԵģԶԲꡣ
ķۿɼɶ֮۹õСгҲ͵͵ȥ̯ˡ
˪̯ǰѵ򵽵ɣӣͶݡ
ӣ˹ˣʱֻûʱڡ
ǰϳۣڷõƤĨһ齴ٵϺۣһСͱŹӵơһ˺ܿðĺǰϣģ֥齴ǹɶζȴ졣ıƤҲǲ֡
ʰɾ±ϰ죬ȻñǻˮڱƤͿĨ㣬Ž¯￾;ʱĨˮͰ״סȵƤۣһɫ˹ʱ۵ĸӾܳˡ˺ִƤۻ֭±ϵζһƮɢԶ
Ͷݼϣѵõڰϵ飬Ͷ棬ȻϹ졣պĩһл˰֥飬һ֣õĶֱպպԣ
ֱ֮ӽ¯㣬ɫţ˴ΡӲӵŷ׷ϣ׷ȾһƬ֭

ӣųһ£ԼԵԲˡ
ʱҲ³ɼʱ䡣
һĸ߿־ԸٿԵĹӣڿǰѾѡԼҪȥѧУ
û͸ԼߵѧУӣԼ˵ѡѧУ͸ڵܹѧУԼҲ̫ۡ
ӣѡѧУȷеҽƴѧ
ӣ͹˷Լ¼ȡĿܻǺܴġ
Դӿ֮ͬμ˿ԵȺͽҲʱʱӣ
һӣ˵˵л˳䷹ruaҡ
Ҹ˵ǵġ
ˣұʡҩѧ˵αʡ˿ɶˣˡ
һ仰ʮ˸ˡ
ӣҲ˵Ľǣһµ׼ʱ䣬껹ùأЩǷ˺ЩˣҶһߡ
⻰һû׼ȷ˵мʮĸбҵЩ˵֪ʶˮƽء
֪ʶʵʵģЩѧᳫǿŰѧѧ˲ࡣ
սǵҧָףⲻǵĿϾ͵ü𣿡
һһ󣬾ǰ˵æҵģ궼ʼˡ
ߵûɶҪǷ˸ܣÿνҪӣ²һ
˵ˣ֪𣿡
ӣͷĶܲǵأôҲһͬ¡
Щֻ˦̸õĶһμҵĶҲμӸ߿ˣ˵ǻأ
ӣһ㲻֣ɶǳĻˣ
Ƕtop2һڵǵ֪һԵĳȥ
ССһǳʮ
չЦһͨҺһ£ȻҲҪˡ
ӣڱ־ԸʱȲοɹһҪ壬һҪ˻
ˣӣ˾ҽƴѧձʡҩѧǱʡǵһרԺУ
ӣʱֵ˵ɼӦôҪǲҲ£˾һΡѧҪġ
յˮƽеģؼǳҽҵòʲô⼸꿴ȥСë΢һëš
ĥʮ꣬ǲеġ
գ˵ĶԣһҪȥѧġ
ѧʲôڳҸ˽飿
ղŲԸأ
һУɼ½½Ϊְ߿˲٣ǳĺڲ˶ʡ
ǳɴÿ춼յ֪ͨڲЩŴϰĸˡ
źüȥؿ
ӣȻְˣǵǳ￪ı֪ͨȻҲǼĵ˳
ǣ磬վͼҴ֪ͨӣ
죬֪ͨˣ
ҽƴѧ


118 
ǳμӸ߿˲, ӪӱϾѧأϢҲ֪һЩܹϴѧǷëǡ
ټһ, ˼, տȡѧģʮ֮һûС
ӣҽƴѧԵúܽˡ
󣬻ȡ
ĽĲˣϽţ㲥Ѿ˺üˡ
ǿϵģҲ, ¹ʲôѧ, ڴһ¡
ӣһϢ͸ȥǳ, ڵİ칫ѾΧһȺˡ
ӣ˹ϲĽҲ˽
ɼ, ȫϱġ
ɲô, İ٣ٶ, ҿ, һõҲС
˰, ҽƴѧѽ

¹ĻǼ⣬˭Ҳܲ, ꣬ǳõľӣˡ
ǰİ, ֻǼ¼ȡ, ҲʡĶܱȵӣֱӷȥ׶أ
ԭһӣ̫ð, ߿û׼ʹ˹, ڱ˵лġ
һ˼̫ðգ˼һͿ˸ĺôѧ
˾˵ˣӣȥ˺ӿզ죬ĪҪ
ʡԵĻ֪ʲô˼ϾΪ˸߿ܶµ֪ǾѾʼˡ
³˼ҵģõҪҪһȥμӿԣһˣҲɢˣѧû˵ôȥѧġ
ӣҲˣ֪ͨһȷû˵ɷҲҪȥġ
˪ؼʦˣο϶ҲҪȥġңҪӣһ궼Ů
ղ˵˻Ҫ˵ʲôͱһѡ
⼸꣬˪ӣ°࣬ﲻҲ֪ˣӣǹӪĴʦء
յˣǳġ
ӣ֪ͨ飬ȲҪ˷Ϣ͸˴кҪȥ
ߵſڣĽĲиϢԾ˸档
ȥԾûҵţҲһһЩ
ɨ绨ѱȱ˳ܶʱһٲɿڵķˣѧôŵļҳ·Ҳϴɾˡ
ӣţΪм
ɣЩô
֮ǰãǾ˸ףʵ֮û˶׵ˣȻʲôѧᡣ
ʱԾźݻʱжţھͱжء
ӣԽԽãͥŮɡڵӣҪȼǰƯ֪ˣȫѾ˻˺ӡ
Ƥϸ壬ǴĹâǳ˭֪ҽҵӣҽãҲס
Ծӣ˸棬ʶľó·ӣž͵гҪȥ˪
ԾӣԶȥıӰﵭĿɬӿ
û취Υĵ˵Լڡ
ϱӵ黹Ŀʱļͥʱ˳˳⣬ڶ
ҲϱӵķչԼҲϱλõĿ֡ǰΪԼһ˳һҵ뷨Ҳûˡ
Ҵһ˳ġ
ΪԼǸˣʵһ͡
ԾֻܳϣԼǴˡ
ӣǰ˵Ǿ仰ڿȻ
ԼŮˣԻḶۡ
ӣ뿪ȴԽԽãڸǿ˴ѧ
֪ղŴﴫӣֵʱԾôһ顣
֪ӣǸбҵϱӸ߿ָһ꣬ӣҲ̽ʹܲȥѧ
Լʱôشأ
ôôε뷨ҵĹæ㲻֪ƽʱӦ꣬ڲ⼸궫ҲˣҲҪ߿Ҫȥѧô죿ҲǴˣûŮԳߣ಻㡣
Ժȶǿһˣѹܴģﲻңܾܲչ˺ü£ң
˵ˣ㶼ҵˣôܻϣ

ĻͬһƣԾ;ջȡ
ոӣһļ꣬ǷҲྴʱ˵ĻǺԼķչԽԽãӣտŴ󷽣ԽԽۡЩ̱ĻҲ˵ˡ
ԾǰԵùԼΪɷǸףʮֺϸ񡣱ϾЩԼһģмǲһͷģ
ӣѾ㹻ˡ
Щǲô࣬ô࣬ؼѵҪŮ˵ɫ
ԾԼһԶӣгȴѾ䣬Ӱˡ

ӣԼ֪ͨ鱼򷹵꣬˪ںæš
ӣˣæľʹӺ
һʱӣһֱڼţǵȵ°ʱŻŮ
ʱĪǡ
ȻӣС˵ľ;֪ͨ˪
˪İëϲɾһһֵĿȥ
̫ˣ
˪һӣתһȦ
ӣҲܸˣϽλɣʱȽϽˣºҪѧˡ
һĸ߿ʱĺܣյ֪֮ͨ͵æŶˡ
˪ãʦ
¶͵ݵʱ䣬ȥ꿪ʼͲôˣżҲǸͽܴ֡ɵǸڵʦһȥ㣬żȥ԰塣
𿴳¶ڷˣ˵Ƕõġ
˪Ҫߣ϶ҪʦĽ顣
ӣȡ˴ѧϢһӾôԺˡ
ҸСҫ
迼˴ѧŶ
˪͹˵Ҫѧϰܺõ˲ȥġ
СĶ֪ʲôģС֮һʶǾǺȥĵطһǺõط
Ҳ࣬СȰȵ洵衣
Ժļ˼ҲĽĲˡ
ô˼ҵӾǹô˳أ
ӶǸɲ˵ڸѿĴѧˡ
ǽӣһףϯ
ԵĺȵǼҴմգҲմմǼҵϲ
ԺС𽥴ˣǽûμӸ߿Ҳǽˡ
ʱҪմմӣϲ˵ԺҲܿѧУء
̫˫޳ɡ
ȻѧʱҲʱĸ߿ڱȻǲŵġ
ʱչѵǼ꣬Ķôң
ʱڹֶ˺ôһȺء
Զϱѧĺû׼ĸء
ӣЦԷǣĶأ翼Ŀʡõרҵ
ѧĲʡõĹƣ˶Ǽ˼˵УһһȺٮٮߣڴߵŵӵ֡
ӣԼȲˡ
̫ɲЩϱе޵ġ
Ҿ˵һɣ
̫ԼǮȥǺ͹ӣ׼Լ˶ɢһɢ
ҲˣҪб仯ˡ
ԡ
̫Ҳʲôۣһǣܱ߼Ժ֮һ顣
¶һͽϱȵˣϾͶԱ
֪ôŪģû͸˪Ĺϡ
˪ߵĹϣһڱͷһλȥ
ź˹ʣµľ׼뿪ˡ
ӣǴȥ׶ӵģԼļҾôžͳ⡣
¶˸飺ţȵٿʼʱȵˣҸ󿨳ֱӰѶȥ
ͽܵĶҲǺõģҾõҲǺľͷȫʵϧ
׼뿪ͬʱеģиֺϢ
ӣ̫˴ӣǮͬѧҲˡ
кصѧ
ǮջŹŮ֪ͨ޵Ĳѡ
룬ȥǱ˵һ£˵㿼ˣ


119 
Ǯջ, ֮ǰѾŮܿϴѧ׼¼ȡ֪ͨõֵĸоǲһġ
һ¼ȡ֪ͨ鶼ªֻбһֽ, ֻ󲿷дġ
ǮջǺ޲ð֪ͨװ, úñ˿Ҳ˸Ļˡ
ȵӣһϼƣϿõľӣ
ӣҽƣǱʦѧ¼ȡ
ϵΧӣ, 뿴¼ȡ֪ͨ鳤ʲô
ӣֻðԼ֪ͨҲó, ôֽ, ΧŸ̾
ӣаһǸ׶Ĵѧ
Ǵӽ֪࿼ĸأȱĴǿˣ
ӣ棺ǡ
֪ģ֪ӳ, һǽڡ
쿼ʡǵһרԺУѧ, ǿ˸ʡݵһѧѧ
ӣǺ⣬, ڵġڵѧһֱû, ȻҲʵ
𿴵ߴӾͿô, ڹҲѾٮٮˣĴӶһûϵġ
иһӣ⼸, ǴӰϯ棡
չãӺù, ҴմհͰ͵, һҲʲô
ôֵ, Ǯջˡ
ʱѩûл, ǮջҸĸֵܻмӲһǳһŵˡ
Ǹϸס
ǮջĿȷǴǮдףǰǮջһӵĻڶתȥǰǮջʱŮոˣʱͬڵĳҲֻǰǮջֹ˻ȥõֶûϡ¿ɲˣǮͷһûϣһˡ
ǮջҵļͲھͰּϣúõһ£Ҳ˵Ǯҳ˸ӡ
Ǯջ粻֣ϡĲˡ
̫ͣǼˣ
Ǯջмһ㵣ǣ̫Զˣ¼ȡ֪ͨզҲûд·ѧѵġ
ӣһţûǮջͨ˵һ½ѧ֮ѧУᷢء
ļջͲõˣǮҵĹ϶ܽΪѡ
˵Ӳùǹѧ£ݶҪһѡ˵ѧҾ͸أǸѾͷҲǰ϶롣
룬ָָһǮҲز
ݶ˵Ǯջһ
ǰ껹ãСڴСѧҲʲôӣԼҵķӸסҲʡȥ˸ǷӵǮ
ڲˣ𽥴ˣڹѧ⼸϶ҲǿСҪȥѧѧ·ѵģʵĽ
ӳһϽҲ̬Ǯͷ˵ǴҾʹֻ
ֳĶѾſˣǰһֻֻжܳڴûҪиߣӴһҪĹģء
һȺڷϲãǮΧ磬ϡĲˡ
ţھ͹ȥжǿʱ䣬Ͻ䶨ˡ
Ǯҵʲô仯粻
ӳǲǮ׾ˣֻҪǮջǨڣͻǴӵ˲ţ
Χ۵еͷԣǮҵզôżأ
ûģ֪ͨ黹ûأżʲôġ
ӻĶ˵һ£ɵѾͷеءϽ䶨ˣǵϹŮ
ղ˵˻Ȼ򣺡ȷʵ
˵ܲٲܲٵ䣬ǮҵļǮջǮȥأ߾Ѿһ˲䰲ˡ

ԴӽϴӳڴϺ˺üǮ翼Ͼʦѧ֮ûƽ
ڼﲻͣתȦӣｹƵһѻ
磬ҲĺӰ
̣ʵ̲ס߳ţζ
翼ϴѧˣ㿪Ĳ
Ů̫ˣջ¿ǰˡ
翼Ļ׶Ĵѧ˵ԺܰѾջöӵ׶ȥء

һסţǵ£֪ôֲҪŮôѸϽ˻飬ôĸԸ˲ԼĶӡ
ЩҿȻǿϾӶࡣ
Ů˼ңԼһŲܣŲ߰ģټ
ǮջŮһ·ģѿҲǺúӣ翼˴ѧɲͿģԼǧõŮܣҪȥһɵġ𡱣
ѸǰǸöԼšЩ꣬ѵ˼װֲ
ҭķҶӶ۵ġ
Ҳ˵ʲôܣǹĻš
Ѹſڣķ˸ۡ
ƵĲ˵ͷӣȥ
ղ˵Ǽ˻࿴һۣϽϡ
ӣſڣңңһӡΧ˲ˣż洫һЦ
ҧҧ´˸ƸߵĵطӣҵĸԺǽ档
Ǯջ⼸ԺˣȻӽͣŮǶĶ£˲ԵʮϡǴŵֻϢʱ˿̣ǮջԼõѣȺ롣˵ĽˬʵĴЦ
ԽԽζ

ûиǮջ飬˵绹ǲǽҲ棬ԡűĽ۹⣬Ӧеӣ
ʹ˸£ӣҡ
͵һ˲䣬ǵŻȥ
ǵ㲻ռϷ硣
ŮҲŮѵΪ˴ѧͲ
Ǳӵ񣬿ĿİĳȺĵ˵磬ϻؼԶٷɣϲԵӣͣǰˡɱһֻף㿼ϴѧҲܵմմĸ
ǮջҪ˵ȴһѡ
ϲӣһǷϸñ˿ЦҲǿԼ뷨ǮջţʱѾʮˣƽʱҲʮֵºͶ£Ӿ룬ҲȲµѿһž飬ջֿⲻŮﲻ
Ǯջ˰˵Ŀⶼ۵Ǯϡ
ѾʮĴˣЩѧϰӵһ˵žǸӡ
ϴĸɸɾ·Ŵӣ˵ллǲˡѾˡ
Сʱֱ̺Ͷһҿ˿ۡÿ׼Ķڰʱͱ͵͵ߡʱľ㶵վţȵǮջ֣Ҫ
û˹ĶǮջĲҹ׵ľղľˣһΪ͵ζҲѵõζ
ÿʱǮջİѹӸɼи磬ЦŸŮԡ
ǮŹȥĸʱǰҹĸ͵͵ޣΣԹԼΪʲôǸк
ǸкļͥǲǾǿһֱúõģĸȻеСìܣȴߵֱҲóԿ
뷨һֱȥѧֱӴ鱾ѧϰ֪ʶ㲻Щ¡
һͷ֪ʶĺЩĵС¡
ʾãҲû
˵ǰѱһ£ǵڣһƬƽ
ҲûеܵܣֻáǮºͶᶨ˵
ȻҲ׸һ飬ڵѾ㹻µĲ
Ů˻æ˵Ѿǰ㲻ˡһĻ㲻֪㲻֪Щꡭжڡ
ĺ仰Ѿ˿ǻ
һ߳ߴ󺺣Ŀ֮¿˳
Һ˰
ԼûгеΣûдĸ׺֮ĹϵûжŮһ㡣
飬ٻ飬Ϊ˸ӷѾ
ţǮջѾˡ
Ǯḧĸײļ˵ȥˡ
ٺڣȥˡ
ѵӣҲȥˡ
ȥ˾ͲٻĻᡣ
ڿޣǮҵ˾Ѿסˡ
úõӣ˽˳档
ǮջȥһƣݺݵĨһᡣ
Ů飬͸˵ǮҲܡֲˣ֮ǰʣѿʱţǾջǾһģʹƹ𣿡
˵ģҪʱѿûסѿһ𣿡
ʲôڣϢģ
ʱǩõĶϾϵ飬ǮûаëǮϵָǱӣͲҪѰ磡
ǮջﳭЬӰ˳ȥ
Χ˶Ƽ񣬵ȴûһ֨ıҼϵֵܶû˵
˵ͬͬ໥ģҲûôġ
Ȼǩ˶Ͼϵ飬ͱ
겻ܣ˵ûҲǮһҲ˺ƢĶԣֱӸ⵱߳ȥ
ʲô˰
βǮҵ˳סˣǮջǮþҪȥס
ףһ߽סզ죿
Ǯҵ˺ƺƵĸŮȥӳûȥڻ
ȥڣúõķżޣϯ£
ĸѧиȥ綼ͷġ
εʻ˪ס
ⲻ࣬˪͸ɴѴ廨⣬еĲ󣬽һڵϸɶǣƬݺͰײ˷һһͷĽ˳Բ
ʣµͶӣһּܲըӣһըͷϣҲġ
ɽ¼㣬֮ͼ֭죬֮ӱպԱ֭Ũ֭˷ѣԵ뾻
ˣͷŨľ㹽ƻˣݸϸ˿ŨˣܵҲʿɿڡ

һ磬ԵĴҶĲˡ
˪СӲǽǵ˴ǿĲһǰ㰡
ӣϸ˪ż򣺡ôʦˣ䲻绹Եס𣿡
˪ΪףģҲġ
ӣڵǺ⣬˪⼸걻ŮģżҲ˵Ļ
ҰǱҴ绰˵ˣҲ˵ĺܡʱתҵˣǽȥ֮ӣ˵ȱҪ
ȥ˵Ҫתҵӣ֪Ҳתҵ
ǵȵ꣬ϱ߱߾Ҫһս¡
˪֧Դ򷿵Ļ𣿡
ڲ˵Ҫ򷿾ģҸǵλֵķӣ˼жġ
ӣӦаɣ˵ˣڸ߿ָˣֳſˣ˵ûиı仯أǾǼȻȥҪҸŵĵطѷˡ˵أ
˪룺ǵҲǣҵǱҲַˣһĿڣиȷʵȵ㡣
ӣһƣˣ¸ȥ귿ӣȻҡѧУ㷹궼һЩġˣгҲҪ򣬻ͷǵʦܲŪƱ
۵гõҲãΪгҲǴ˸ӡ֤յġ
˺ϼһ´˪֮ȻͶѵ룬ΪǴʦسǸ˽ɸϲµᣬҲܶЩǮӣ͸˵ˣɻдÿķֺأʱ䣬պòø
˵Ĵһǧٶ࣬ټӣһǧ࣬ǧǮ㹻ڱ仧ˡ
ӣҲûϵʱ취
ֻҪȵ׵һ£ҵᡣ
˪ҲʱϱһֱţӻԾȥ˱ҿ϶Ҳ࣡
ӣ˿գǿ϶ˣ
˻Ŷδ룬˯ȥ

ʱ˿̣سԾȴ׻
µʧ֮ԾڳһʵǾȷʵûϡ
һĿѣԾҲҸоãԼܿϵġ㿼ϺõģҲܶİɣ
Ҫ֪һ߿Ϊ󲿷˱־ԸĲ淶¼ȡʱûôϸġЩ˷ߵģûйԼĴѧҲбѧУȡһ¡
ǺźԾǸ㹻ˡ
ˡ
˱ûʲôǳļˣĲϡ
ԾһΪ˿ֱӴְģǳֻӣ
ӣˣѵõĺѧУԾȴˡ
Ծ־ڼ˼죬ϳţ±˴ôһֱ˵죬ԾŴô˵ûϾûϡôԺˡ
Ծ£ӴԼС⣬׼һ»жǮһʧûϵеڶΣ
򿪺ӣȴ𾪵һĻ
ǮȻʧˡ
󼸰ٿǮɣëûԾ
˭˭ɵģ


120 
ԾǮȫûˡ
ԾҪʧȥǡ
ָ, ϣ
һܳȥұƣ顣
һǱ͵ˣ͵ˣ
Ծʼ׵£˭·һ͵Լ
̫, ھǶ
ƵһǮ, ҲٴУԶӳϸϸ˵ʲô˶Ǯ
ԾŽƽ飬һ˵ҵתҵ𣬻⼸Ĵ, ȫûˣ
ǮɲС, Ժûôӵ¼
Ҫϸϸѯ, ϵھӾвġ
ҲһǶˣأʼĺӣ˵þ
ǰ, Զ
Զأôû

Ծԭ, ʲô˼Щ˵˼Զ͵Ǯ
ܣ
ԾʶҪȴһ
Ҳأ
Զ⼸, ѧϰһͿ, 岻ʱʹ, ԺһЩõСѧУ˺üμҳ
ЩС궼Щѧ, ȴûе꣬һȺӴһ, ֱ˳缲
Զ
ԾĵûС
һ, ˡ
ŵĻ治֪ԼǸʲôԵأ
Զӳ, 컹ǼԶһڳǶЫء
, ǰҲ⺢һкɽڳ顣
ǰ컹ƼǼԶ˴һء

Ժƴ˴գìͷָ˲ڳԶ
ҲЩֻģԾãԼĺҲܲãɣ͵Ǯĵұ˵ǶͲ¥
Ծǰһڣ⼸ԶȷʵͣԭֶҪǮ״̬˺ܶࡣ
ΪԶԼȲ¼ȡϢģڿѾ˼Ǯˣ
ȺɢȥҲġǱ͵ģٲάҪǰ飬ҪԼҺ͵ģǾǼ£ˡ
ǰһԾнͬͬԸ磬Ⱥӻú˵ӳ̸̸
ԾҲ֪ôˣ͸Ůϵȡ
ڱԶ⣬ҲѴ̡
ԾȰȣȵ˶ҹڵȵĶӡ
Զɫؼңﰵ
͵ֵϱָڶһӷ̵ģ˭֪ȴ䡣ż죬ͰǮɾǷһ١
ԶƿţżﻹЩطǿԲǮġͲ־ôǮҪǻҵ٣϶̵ܷġʱܰǮȫȥ
žһԶһ
ڶʱԭԾһֱſڣŵƵĿ
ԶһתЩ顣
ԾҲӣǮأ
ҪȰǮҪȻٸˡ
ϳԺȲĺӿԣҪԼȥġıȥӻ
ԶǿţʲôǮ
Ծ⸱βĸۣ˵ǮأӵǮȥӻҪǮأ
Զ˵ˡ
ԾȥŶӵӣǮأ
ΨһָĻᡣ
Զһᣬƹˤһˡ
˵ŷ·ΪףһЦǷһ١
ԾجĴĲûվȣʲô
ԶŸ׵۾˵һˣԷӰƣ͡һûʣ
ԾԭأԶȴں¿־˵㱨ĿС
ľͷһĸף⼸ĶģԾѾЩ̬̬ͷ׻͡Ŀ͸¶ƣ
ƣͬˮһϴˢ־ĸס
ãԾ˵ԶҵôԲˣôҡ
⼸ѾѧһøˣҲ˳ֶˡѵöŮиɫ
УԾӣ
˵ֲεĸ󱻶Ӹ̶Ļ䡣ϱأ
ӣΪ˸ȫģĽβôԼһ˶ɹģ
ԾʱŷԼˡ
ŮǸ˵ģҪĵĽҪչʳӣҪϸġ
һֱڣٲ
ԶҲ׵ʵĳĬˡ
ããȻվԭأ˶һ޵ĳĬ

˼죬ǳļԺϢ
˵𣿾ǸΪ˸߿ְԶӳ˵Ҫˣ
ɶ˼ɶ
˵ΪǸܼӣǮȫɾˡԶӳӶȥˡ
Ҳ˷סĶ
˵Ҫϼȥˣϼһм䷿

ԾȷʵȥˣԶڳ˻һڲܣǽȥӡ
Ҳѧһë
ԺȶҪǮʱֻǻ¡ԾŸδȫ۵״ֻ·ʲôһ
Ծɿİѷӽ˼ٿ顣ŶŮϼҡ
ҲǲɣԾ˳ӰԼļҾϼҰʱ·Ҫسǵӣһӡ
ӣλ磬ûаϼҵķӸǰѳļҾ߶ϼҰᡣķҲû˳ȥ
ٽȥʱӣһ˾ͻص׼ƱѾˣȫϾ
ԾʱӣѹûǸ˪˵˵ЦЦ
ұ§ڻĵ̽СԴ졣
һڣԼδ
Ծһμӣ
ӣ˼һУָѺھǵ
˵ҲǺˣպζǿѹŷ־Ըտʡҩѧȥרƶҽ
һҽңˡ
磬˰
ӣոպһ˷̤ѧ֮·
˵⻹ӣ֮һ𳵳ţ֮ǰ˪ȥʡӣһҲûȥ
ڴУӣûƺ̣¥ϱֲû
ǡ
ȵӣվᵽ˼𳵵ġôġ
ϳˣ󲿷ֶǴСģűⵣŰġ
򳵵ʱӣͱĶᡣ
˪ͳһǴĶҪõģûаѼĶȫϡ
ֻӣ˪һһ
¶̫ңһӼ˴һǻá
ȵгվȺ糱ˮһӿڡ˪ۼֿϱʦȺǰͷ
˳˪һ
ʦĸ򵽵Ʊĸ̣ðš
ڴ£˪óˮΪ˺Сˮӣγصض˵ϼҵˮ
̫ڿλϣզԹԣôô϶أ
ǲŲ֪ΪΧ˶ԼһһȥسǵĶء
ӣŮ˸ӣѧʱѽ㿴Сģ󲿷ֶȥѧġ
˵ӣѵ˵˶࣬ҪעⰲȫмĶ䵥
˪Ǹ˵Լ֮ǰʡǵļţ˵Щǻ𳵵ģųߵʹӴȥġǱһ
˪ҲͷӦͣԵĺȵǶˣһ·Ҫһһҹģɲɥʧ衣
¶ֺǺҵӳԣﳩ죬ͽܾǲһԼֻŵ˹ܣĶò١
˻𳵵ҲգŴ۾ӶԼڣſڻ𳵴Ͽ۾˷ܡ
裬ΪʲôҪð̰
裬ΪʲôҶڼ
裬ȥĵط𣿡

ӣʵĿҪмܲס
˪ϽóŮְһȥתת
ǰ˪ǶŮ̫ıⲻǲÿģӣ治¡ҲСӣԽԽǻ
˪Һߣȵгϳ˶ˡ˪ŴŮȥᶼתһȦ
ɰҸ˷ܻˣੲݡ
Сĥ˾·ҲԵÿˡ
磬вͳŹ
ײͺзһһ塣вˡ
̱ˣ˰γСӹ๾ˡ
۰Ͱ͵裺~
ӣó˪׼ıӺ⽴̲˼Էɡȥʢˮѷһȡ
Сһ񣺡ķ
˪üͷŹŮǸóԵģְĺóԡ
ϵķʲôˮƽ֪ҲǸʵˮ׼
ȴҪԣҪǸ
ӣȰЦЦѽǾֱѡѡ˭ԸʲôͳʲôҪѡ˽ķУֻܳԼǷŶ
Һԥã
óҲְ֣ҪԼꡣ
ͷ˼£ã
ðְһƭǸСķͺܲ
һ˾ֱֻ²ҪԺзǶǳ˪ķˡ
ӣ˪һ壺ɡ
˪ֻһݣݸŮʱһ䣺Ĳóԡ
ȴܣóԼרÿӺӣðͳŷĴȥ
̫Ҳе볢ģһǮͲˣһ尡ϵĶôô
ŮԣҲ
˪ϳ׼ӱǧͱĴͱ΢һ£ǹӴʹӱӵðмϰɳѼڡ
еȦСƹϣųҲóԡ
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ӣӲͳǶ˼ͷ˾ڵͷ⽴ɣ衣
ҧһں⣬˼ڣС˿ϡ
úúúáѳ԰
ҲģӲǰһⶼȥܾɥְĺͺܺóԵİ䣬ƤúģͮͮĽ֭ܰ跹Ժüء
ϵô󣬾Ȼôѳԣ
ҺģŰְ̺ͳүүͷ⣬ȡ
أˣ
˪һŮӣҪȥӹŮѳԺзӣһš
ҿСУѳѳԡ裬Ͼղ˵ˣ˾ֻԼһ˳ԡ
ĺѳԺѳԡ
ҿҪʱ˪ջˡ
ӣšҵıһ£𣿡
Ҳ˼ıסĲӣ˲ˡ
һְĻ
˪ӹ³ԸɾҸղžԼѾԲˣȴֱͷԵĿġ
ְ֣̫óˣҲԱˣ
ְˮ
СƨˣǰôѳԵĺзְֳѽ
̫Ҳųһڣҵҿ͵һݣҲ̫ѳˡô󣬻ôѳԡ
ӣѳԾѳˣһεǾͲˡ
Ȼ£꺢ӣʱƲסԼҲӣö²裬ȻúзóԾ͸
Ͳˣ˪ճţŮܳԵùЩֲֹóԵĶ
ʱ̻ûţӣһԵĿģζʹλˡ
û̫ã
һüҵ̫̫кһԼʹűᡣиˣȴ̫̫ڼϡ
̣Ǹζģ
Скᵽζ˲ͳɤӺ
̲ΡΡӷ£ӣһҵ̸ǰ
ӣ˻û극Ϸʣ⽴ӱͷѼ̲ˡ̫̫һӾ²
ͬ־ʣµĶҪ˰ɣҰɣˡ
˵žҪá
ӣ۹һ̫̫֡
СкѾ̲סˣǰһ꣬Ҫֱˡ
˪Сɿİˡ
Ǹǻû꣬Ҫæ
ӣһ㲻ŵģ̫̫ҪȻɼҲʲôˡ
˪˸ŵʱԣվȴѹʮ㡣
̫̫Ҫƿڴģ˪ߣȴˡ
ûģԼԲ˶ˡҲҭ
ӣģһһСģһɣԼһȡ
̫̫ߣȴˡڵϾҪ
ҪԷҪԷҲҪѳԵķҪӱѼ
ĿɿڴƽƽһͣȴʮֲСΪ
ʲô˵˲ͺ
ղҪԺзҲûѽ
Ϻġ
Ť
̫̫ԼŪ²̨ĵȰ˼䶼Ȱ¡
ֻĲ鲻Ը˵ͬ־ǷҰɣ㿴ǼҺӸġ
⣬զŴģ
ⲻǴ£
ǲ˵ģѰ˼⼸˰ӸˣѵӦ
ҵŮ˽ƽϣ˲ǣҲֻǿ㡣
ӣȴɴľܾˣԼԵģ
̫̫ü۵ģŲԼҵĳԵȳȥҲУǱ̫͸˵ǵĶɾ
ܺӻڹغ̫̫ȴѹסˡ
Ůͬ־Լкӣ㻹ôûģҶôˣڲǹȥ
̫һ⻰ŭˡѶϱһԼȥ
̫ţôˣǺúõĳԼķƨ£ԼҪģҪҪ˵Ҫ˵ԼҳԵĲָϼҿģָֻŸʲô
̫ڣһӾͰҪµ̫̫ͷѹȥ
̫̫Ҫ˵һŮ˾ͳæ߹̫̫ҪߣԲԲŲǹģʵڲ˼
̫̫ţСңƲũģŶҲ׳׳ԡ
ǽССϱѹյĲУ裬˼ԼĶԸҲġˣ׳׳Ҳǻȥ
ǲҲң֪ҾͲӦø֪㿼ϴѧ˿ˡ
̫һڣʲô˰
̰ǻɭô˰
ӣŮЦˣ֪ʲôϹѧ
ó̵ûµģÿε꣬ΧλҪСֵӣҲϰߡ
г·һ죬絽׶
ӣ˪˾飬ѱҵ̫м䣬ӣǰ棬˪ߺ棬һ˼ѵ߳׶վ
վӣ˷ܵĴ󺰡
ӣ㣡ӣ㣡ң
һõӴ£վŴɫ޷ĳңȻǴһµԽ
վһ𣬾һˡ
ѾıӼһг緢ӣֱĸߡ
ӣ㣬þòˡ


121 
һǵó, Զȥ
㣡
ššСһҿ㶼ѽ
һתһͳԷѽ
ЦҲЦ
¼棬˼䡣
Խ˵, ȵϢϢ, ﷹѾˣȵҶȫ۵£һȥԡ
ӣϽƴǣ֮ǰ˵סĵطˡ
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ң, Ȱ͵طЪһЪ, ʲôûðȫģҸð졣ϢˣϳԿѼ
һ˵ԣˣã
СȴӦ, ǰѴǶŪЦ
ӣ˵è
ֺõıĴȣҪԿѼ
һҲֵôӦ, ȥסķ
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ӣѧУԶĽְ¥, һĸ, Ҿ߶С˵Ǵѧְָķ, ҵϽƽ֮ԼҵС¥ջˣȻҲͲס
ӻͷ, Ӧǰɨɸɾġӣʮ⡣
¶ʰ˶ȥԼϻסȰ, СӸƽ, סԺء
¶ֵߵ߾ȥϻƲԲס
ͳӣ¿ʼ˵
˵˵һ仯, ʮֳݵ˵ӣ̫ˣ˵ϴѧܿϡ
ľų, ϴѧҲǷëء
ӣȴɿ˸׶صѧ
ӣûԣ
Ҷģ֪ӣ㣬ұͶ鲻̫С
صľųкһֱæŸʦһϰ磬ȥЩ꣬ǲʹʹĳǿÿɤԼϲҵ
ڸ߿ʮ֪֮ͲӣϲģȥҲǵĸ
˵磬ˣϳԷҲء
ʦѧӣһܶࡣʵû취ϲϣԲԼˡ
гͳңǮջû̫ġ
죬ת˼󾰵㣬ʱСãʱ
ӣ֮ǰ͵᲻᲻Ӧڿ֪ԼˣԸһܴܿӦ
һʰ˶ҲԡȻȺͲ¥йůůƬȺġӣɿŮϴ裬һʰɾȥԿѼ
ҶֿѼʮϲְĿѼҲóԣҷĿѼǲһĺóԡ
ѼƤպ˿ƹϣҳһھͰˡ
ѼӰ˸ϸѼس㶹磬ˬˬġ
С֦ڵĹζҲ״㣬ۡ
ˮѼα˪ʢޣ㡣
Ʒ㶹ƣģһܳԵŨˬ㡣

սѧһܣ׶˲һ磬Ҳ󷽿ࡣ
ȺУʱıͶιСѾĵĲˡ
װ˹֭ıӣһ
֮ǰӣ㲻Ըأºˣӣ㿴Ǵ﷢չˡ
ĵĲˣףѧҵ˳
кЦųԽӵס֡
ӣҲЦݣɱ
µʱҪĻ
ӣѧҵ˵ֻҪʱȥϿξͿˡ
˪ǲһ㡣
¶ͽҵĽյλǳҲˡ
ɵͷǱ߿ԿĲԸ׼
¶ϻУ˼ڲĹŵһѣֲֶˣ㻹ͽܽȥ𣿡
ľųǵķΪλ⣬кЩϵǱġȻƷƣŻڡ
ܵģǼֺŶȱȥ
˵˼ҵĸûѹͲȱӡ
¶̾ȥͽ뷨Ҳߵǻܽǽȥ˾ͲǴʦˣȥżҪôʦҸ˴·ǲȥҲˡ
¶ԸǰͽֹܶĶǵĻԼͽԼ
˪УУҲϳԿࡣǲ̫ó˴򽻵
Ҳ˵һֻ˵֣˴򽻵еϡ
ֵˣ˴򽻵ͻǺ׾ͻ뱻˼ʵľ档ҪǱͽȥ˹У¶ҲԸ⡣
Ӱ˼ȫȨϣԺʲôϢأ
ľųǣֲֻҲǳ̲Ŀ
˪룬ͬʦ˵ҲȥҲˣҲʦ
һкЩϹأ˪ʦʱ͵Ľ̻壬Ҫ¶յġʦʦǾͰ
¶һͽܰȣǸʵۡҪԿġ
Űɣ뵱˼ͽܣ˼ҲδҪأҴȥ˼ۣܿ㣬ͽиʦɡ
¶ö⣬ʹ˪ȥݷλסϳӡ
һưܵһԺŤ˵סĻ˼ңԺʹĲСһȦҵط
һݵͷҡϣֱ߷Ŵ裬̺Ȳ
¶ƷϺǣү°ɶ𣿡
ͷƼǳ¶ֺˣ㰡ǰûզô֣
潲¶걻ӣҽĹţǰѾݺܶˡ
κͷһ㲻棺ֵҲУҶϰˣҪһϰء
¶һ㲻ƽϣǿɲǣΪ˽ϵó⼸һûݣƣ͵Ϻúף֪ԹûଣǴ̵
ͷԺ׿ϣଵ
ͷΧ㶫֣е˼٣ôˣҽҸٷ
ʶͷƢ֣պǺãЩȲԸȥɻҲ˭ҵ˽¶ʱͲΨһľһڳԵġ
ÿζŪ˺öͷͷһٺõġ
˵ͷǳ¶ĵɡ
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˵ĺͷǵ۾ڳ¶˪һɨ˲˼
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˪ӦһһӶ˳
¶˸СӰԼȥͷϹ׻
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һֳգܼôͽܡ
¶ЦշһǰɣСʱ˵עĺ
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ùӣͷӵĽӡ
¶һһէզûأⶫҲֵǮˣǰܻһٸھܻ顣Űɡ
ʱǽӸֵǮЩЩ̫̫ƽƽӵļֵһˡ
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¶Ҫ˵ʲôͷȥ˲ˣǺˡ
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˪һݿ଼˸˱
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˪Ҳ̶ˡ
¶˪˸һĹӪ굱ʦȻÿһȥͷֽ̡
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˵ӣͷ֮һֱѧΪĿѧʱڳԺܶѧͰѾѵ١
ӣҲ˲̾͹һµľѵӡ
ѧУһס˰˸ˣӣ̸ȥϣǿԻؼ߶ѧУλûҪȥż˯ʲôġ
ӣһĹﶼϺģϵϵмӴ֪࣬ȻҲбˡ
Ȼһطģǰ˸֮ദǷѾſϵĴѧǶæŰʱȫѧϰϡ
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ӣһ㲻ܻ䣺ҽ磬Ѿˡ
ٴһ󾪺

ǰϺټˣǰϴźһѧһиСᡣ
ɲôҵҪһǺҲûѧУ֪ô
ﲢֻӣһкӣһкӵĸҲⲻᡣ
˵СѧڵĿα͵ˡ
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˪Ϊɫ촩ӣĸһƤпˡȥԣЩ
ӣû߽Ů˽
˧֪ǲѧԺġ
ǰ𣿡
ǰѧҩѧǽʵģ

ӣǹ˪Ƽӣһڴ
ӣ첽ߵǰСʵҰ
˪ͷӣΧΧã԰
ӣˣȴҾͽңվﰤ
˪ԼСžţôñ˿վһأ
ղŻں˪ļе죬Ÿտѧôô찡
ٿһӣ˪վһɲŮòĺܡ
ã¶˼תһʲô·
ӣ˪ֻؼң˵ż顣
˵Ҳ׶԰ˣʦʣܲҹϵߵĸ׶԰
绰ҵλˣ˵ĩ㣬ȥʹ档
˵ҪҪɣ˵⣬ϳԼƤ
ӣҪ㱱󰡡
Ƥӣϱæ˲ϳԷͰȥס
˪ƿɣҪҿ϶Ҫһĳԡϻٺȡ
ӣҲǣұ𿴳˪ǳԵȫ
ĶѾǷլˮˡ
ӣȵöٳߣȻڼš
ȥ±͸ˣŵƤ飬ཷҲнȥڹӵĸɱпڼӽȥһƤĺһڱ
ʦͨĳ̱װŴ˵ӣ̹
̫ŮЦĲУѧ
СӣǸŴѧ˵ʲôһ֪ĸѧ
̹Ǹ¥µһүѧġ
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˪Ҳŵġ
Ψ̫屾ʣ˸ۣ̫͹ǹˡ
жܳưԵģҲǸʱ⡣
¶Ҳһֱѧأ꣬Сáӣѧĸ׶԰⼸Ϊְ٣ԸвˡӣڴѧģɷҲȶģ׶԰ûжѧˡ
ΨһΪѵľǺǲ
˪ǳĲУҪŮһܡ
ȻҪǴô죿˿ңô죿
ӣ˪˵Ҳе㵣ģǷֿͰɣͣϽӡѧڵξֻһڣģܿȥӣӦü
ָĸôͺӡ
ȴȻ֪¶ΪʲôҪЦǴģ
Ҿãͺܺðڳʱ򣬰ְ˵档ڴﶼȥץӣȥȦ￴
룬նһۡ
Ŷǲ֪жҪǽܣ


122 
ҵѧճ̾ˡ
һ, ˪緹ɫС¹׷ϲϺƤлե, 嵭, ĴָСС⽴УζһӾʹѻҸģ۾Ϳʼ
ӣůƬϰҵСްȡҪ˵׶еҸĶů
ľųǵӺܶûͨůĹܵ, ⼸һЩͲ¥ѾԤ˹ܵ, ĵλͳӶůˡ
ӣһϾ, ܸůһβ͡
ұűӣ鲻ԸıŪѣѹ֮;ˡ
⽣
С⽣
СѾͷܳԻԵ裬ռǿİְ, С˲ٺö, ľС⽡
·ӶûϾͻæ
ְ֣ŵС⽵ζˣ
˪һӣ, С, ̻ư
ҼĿˮҪʳ
˪Ůι, ӣЦЦվڳ⣬ֻջӡ
Ͻȥϴ, ϴ֮ܳԡ
ӣʱĵͷ˵˪ߵ, ÿֻҪܳ, ߶ʮһĸŮιԵ, Ūùˡ
ȥ, СֲܣϽϴˢԡ
ӣѾ͵䣬ʮȻߵ˪

˪
ĸӣһڣ˪Сֹӣ˵ԼҵһЩϰ߸ˣڿǸѧ
̵СڣƤģһϣܳ۵ڣϣʿڣһ㶼壬θ˲͹θ
ӣͷζһ£ź˵ڶëˡ
˪ԴӸͷѧգǱ˵㻯һĲ˾Ѿóˣڸǰϸڶȱ
˵Ŀ佱˪˵ֻѰӣϿеĽ˪ࡣ
͵Ʒֲ٣Ϊ˸ѧСѼͣ˪С̻ưйСࡣ
̫ʹˣ٣һУֻľųǵӦ
ӣҪѧ˪Ҫϰ໹ҪѧգҲҪ׶԰
سǵʱôһԺһ˵˵סĿͲ¥һƬǴѧΧķӣ̫﷢
ӣ׼ûεʱ̫ȥתתģȻһֻ˲ڿɲС

̫һȥʱȴЦ⡣
ϳȥʶ¥Ｘ̫̫ƼҸ·ˣ˵һӴأҵȻ˷ȥһϹ翴ȥ
̫ǲʲôպðǾҵĽ̵ϰټӣһֱǲǸѸһҲԵĺãʮͷ۾ĺܣһ㶼
ҵ·ľ־£½ϸ˺üһС޿ҲԲӡ
ŸհᵽѾΧ˵עˡ
ӣ˪һۣľ˾
ʦܸܲҸַһǿ̨һǸڳ
һСӣĵѧࣺڳ
Թ緹һҼ˶·˪ӣһһ׼ʹСȥѧ̫ĳ׼ȥѻϡ
˺ļʢʱ·ϼֱһߵʮΪʲô
裬׶԰СѶô𣿡
Ƕûȥ𣿡
ǲǺÿû׽׽ơ
ְָҵ̻ưҿԵѧУͳ𣿡

˶˵ӿʮֻѼӣȻ˺֮ٱ׾Ҳᱻƻ
˪һ·Ű˵ʲôܽ䡣
׶԰ҽ׶԰ʦ
׶԰ʦǸȥͺϲĹ
Ҹǲڽ֮ͺȻʦֳŰʾ⣺ݰ~
ֱ˪ӣŪˡ
ʦҲǺټͷһѧͲ޲ֵģ֮Ҳͺӵļҳ˵ģǿ϶һٸСĵġ
ӣˣҾѧУѧĴһѧٴʲôֱӴѧУĵ绰֪ͨҡ
˪Ҳ˷ĵ绰
ʦҲ֣ѧСǽְͥһ㶼¸ĸλĵ绰׼һʲôʱˡ
ӣѧĴѧȽϡˡ
ǻںѣȴѾȲסˡ
ӵת׶԰ĳ衣
ϼҵж׶԰豸ȫˣǧݣһȺΧСƤ
ԾԾԣǰûСƤء
ʦӣ˵£ֵǼ˼ͥסַ͵绰һͷˡ
ʦɫ˵Сѣʦȥ£ٰܸҺ𣿡
ҹɵӦһʦ߽СĽҡ
߽ңʦ֣λСǺãǽһλŶӭңͬѧ
һȺСžĹ
ʦҪҹͣϾÿһСѶӦֳģЩСѣҪʦܡ
û˵ʲôҽ
Һãҽңҡ
ǸմذģҰְǳʦҽһ̡
̻ܺÿ·ǿ·ϵ𣿶̸ģ
ҰְֽС⽺̻ưС⽻ģɺóˡ
ˣһһ󲮣󲮼һܵܣܵܽж˼롣
ĸҼ˺ܶóԵ⣬ְָЫӹ

ʦЦ⿴ңСǣͻȻһ˵ô󷽵СɰҲǺܿġ
ǡ
һг㣬ȥץӣʷʵҰӣְֻɷɵ⣬óԣ˵ˣڲǰôץˣӦΪץ̫ˣСøϲǳԡ

Сѣɹһ˵ҽܡһ͵ݽ
۳Ͽ嶼Ҫˣʦ޿̵Ĵҵϲ
ң˺ˣŴҶʶˣȻصԼλϣԺлòã
ĵͷ촽
Ҫ˵ģ˵ЩСǶûȥ£Ų˵ôء
Ҹ£һСִ
ιղ˵𣿡
üͷ˵Сӡ
˭ôûò
˵֪˵֮ͲιιĽˣò
СӿСѾͷԼеԵСιһ
㻰أС椡
ĹĵŤС椡
Сһм˵ˣĲŽСأģС椣ǳģҲǡ
ң˵ˣҲвĻҪ򡣡
Сˣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
죺ҽһѧ費ô򡣡
Ҫһ졣
СҵСӣ̲ס޶һѡ
ң
ȵʦŤͿ˴һŵӡ
ҳԵúãȻ֣ǺܽҲСӸǶضʵʵġС˴ҽС
ܱ߼Сֱſˡ
ʦϽǰ
СӱֱҧһڣʱŸ״ҧң
ȴûޣһڣ˭ͷ
ɱСˣÿ춼ӣ滹ϲСء
СһСˡ
ʦЦãȰָλã׼ѧ߼ҳ˵˵Ӵܣ˵󲻴˵СС֪ܵһ
ҲΪȻ¿εĹ̻ưó
̵ζڣҲڿˡ
Ͳϲ׶԰ˡ
̻ưΪһֱڷ˪·в£һˮţζɢʱΧСѵ۾ֱˡ
ʮִ󷽣˼ȥ
ĵڣû߾ΧһȺˡ
СԶŵζ
ƫƫҸ˶ˣǲ
Сίίȵѧ̸Լ
جԶԶûн
γ̻ư㣬ʱʦų緹ʱ䣬ִһнˡ
ңְָ˷
ѧһ죬˪ԾɲģҪȥͷǶ֡˳־ͰѽĲ˴һݣ͹
ʦͷ۲ѣûôߺӵġ
׶԰ְһ˵绹Ҫͷ
ð⡣
׶԰ķȻҲǶС죬ǾðְĸóһЩ
˪ļǴţ⣬ŹǺʲ
ļװڷ򿪷еһ˲䣬ʦ˿ڿˮ
ζըһ˲䣬ö˶˳͵άֲסˡ
СŮǰĽҪһ˳ԡе˼ɿҡЩСѣɴඪԼķ롭
ţ˱ǣţۻŹãСѵСҲҧöҲġ
ҶűһСӺһ
ʲôûķݣ
ҸΧСǷ˲ˣһû͸󲿷˶ˡ
СۿתСȴֲĹࡣ
ҲŲЩأǸ˷ֳ˶˺üɿһСѳŵˣ˵쳦
ҳԹְֹ㳦ǻûԹʲô쳦
Ǹ˵Լú쳦С⣺̵ɺóˣ
һڴӦҲ
֮СӣŵһóԵĳȥ

ʦȺСһü۹˾ѧʱ͸˵ӣת˽һС
ӣôҲû뵽ԼĹŮһѧ͸˴ܡ
лʦŹŮѧ·ϾͿʼСѾͷ
ֱ׳˵ˣ˾СӾҪԷ˵Ǿұӣ˵Сء
ӣҲʹ򰡡
ôҲҪͨٴ
ұŴȿʼ֪֪ǽǲҪȥҰְ֣ϳʲôѽ
ӣǺǺЦСѾͷ˺㲻Ҫתƻ⣬˵أԺҪȸ˽ͨ֡
ûùŮʲôŮҲ˲ὲİɣ
һ£ӣ˵첻ȥְ֣ȥ㡣
ʵϣӣȥʳҷӵ¡
ľųҲüˣסĵط徻ӣҲϲġϾס˼ҵķӣ˭֪˼ʲôʱҪջȥء
ӣĻһ׷ӣƽسǵԽԽ࣬Ҫլӳˡ
ӣһѧУģʰ
ļҾߵȵӶ£ʱٸŪͺˡ
סĵطڶһɵĺԺӣһΣҲ·ľˡ
ֻǵʱ򲻴ɣſվżˣԽľԱ
ʦסôͲܽȥˣ
㶼ȥ˵һ͸棬ûĵ
ǶǾԺʦѧ


123 
˿ŶǶʮ, Ϊ׵һ໹Ůˡ
һӴ£ȴµģڴĥëߡӴ»Щ, ȴ, һһϣ˵죬þԱ岻
λͬ־ǳʦѧ⼸Ƕʦġ㿴Ƕ˶ٴ, ͨһ, ʦ϶᲻ǵġҲ֪, ȥʱҶףǵʱҲСʦǸˣ϶Ǽƽϵġ
Աһе㸻̬ŮҲǻǲסǸСѾͷǵģҾ֪Ѿͷ۶, ⼸ǵˣװģ, ʦֻһ
Ҫ˵ʲôԱߵ˾Ѿüͷܿ
˰Ķڵ, Ц֪ʦһԸ, 鷳ʦȥ, ˵ѧûˣֻϣʦԭҡ
ӣһ˼̬, Ϊꡣ
磬ʱûһѧһ, ĹһζֻһųԿ
, Խ, ھԺĵλָҲֻѡ
Щѧڻعζ, ǰƺ󹧾Ц
ӣҲȥ͵⼸ȥҲţָֻܻȥ
㵹Ǻ˼˵Щӻ겻ʦϷ𣿡
˰ɣ㵹Ǻ˼˵ˣľٱŲ÷һдģ㻹ʦء
˵ˣȥúôɣϳܺÿ

ԶˣӣŷӦԼء
ͷһҲǼˡ
ӣҪŮ˵ʲôҾ˵ˡ
⼸϶ʲôˡ
ӣ۾ô֪ǲǺˡ
̾˿ñҪǺˣôղŻĶˣ
㿴͵ĶҪߣ϶ǺС˵µǸҪģǸһ㶼ġ
ҿɶõǸˡ
ڼжкܶϲҲϸġʱ飬ͻᷣʱҪĿʳġ
ӣͷ֪˰ɣЩʱ򣬵Ǹһܵõԭ£ǳĵڣ͸ԭ¡
ҵЩѧĺ
ĺڡ
ЩԼĴ󣬻Ϊȣòأ
ͺѰζˡ
ӣȥſڣʵݾͰŽȥˡ
סķʵԼģԴƽس֮ԭȵĲҵͻһ֣ӾԼġ
ӣĴԺȻǵһǾÿ泩
ǸձԼͽҸӣˮʱЩۿ΢졣
ңǲԣ
ԵķˣĶӹС
ԣлл
һӵĺǺס죬˲˵
ӣ˵ղǰһĻҿЦڲ֪ˣʲôʣɽԶס
ſǼ궼ҵĵڽϼĹ¶ҲҿŵӲȰ˵˼ҵĺӡ
ǼҲסԺҹܳԹס̵̣ܽĲˣʱ򾩾ԺҲʼƣҾ͸Ƕ˽ȥ
ҲгһܻرңֻǾʦ²Ľж˴СǰҸϳҲûʲôϷܡ
˵ЩϷڱʹǶǳԷļһﰡҲǰĶѧ˰뱲ӣȻϷգﻹʲôأ
ӣ֣гءҸղҲˣǼ˵ĻǶûˣ㲻öġǿ뷹ҲͳԲ뷹
ӣЩ걻ģѳ˸ƱѡղˣеüĿɣŮΣվ̬˱仯
û٣ȻѾϲϳˡ
˾ͷѾͷæأǶ˴ѧԼûץ˵ҪѰѰᣬܲܽԺԼǲˣҪԼ
̲סЦ˵λҪЩ꿴ЦʦʦȫúÿԱ׼ԼѾͷҲ֪ѧĻʲôŶ
ӣе㲻˼ĶѧģȻǸѧİ
ڵĳȷʵλˡЩ꣬˷ѧĻΣʣµʱȫѧϷˡ
һֻһѧȫѪϡ
ӣǲ֪ʲôʱ򿼣ʱҸҲȥ
ЦʲôأҲ˵ҪأʱǴһȥ
һ߳Զһ͵͵˽ʱĲһ䣺λ
ѵ˵ģҵСԿǣԣŮ
ȵӣӳҼҹɫѾӿˡ
ӣŮȥ˪ңְϰ𣿡
ܣô󰡣
ɲôСسǵķ꣬˪ҷ꣬˵൱ˡ
һ¥һ¥Ĵ¥ٽֵλַڶԶǺ󺣡
˪˾øʢļңңȻ󣬵λúãҲмƲˣǲǼҼΪƬӲѡ
Ҳкô˪û죬ƾȵĳ̳
ӣʱ򣬷Աһ־͸˴¥ʦ˵ˣ˾϶¥Ҫʲô͵㡣
Աӣ˸¥λӣҸ¾ʮ˷ܡ
裬㿴ˣ
ȻǼҴ͹󣬵иĺôڶ¥λܿԶĺ󺣡ɫǱȱĵطöˡ
𷢱۵һ˵ʲôһȱȻȥʮֿġ
ӣԼŮסɴұҪҪȥ˼Ҵк
ѵŤء
ֻ߹ô˵úټء
ӣŮСѽС˵ˣҲôġ˵ˣɰģ˭ϲģ
ұӣͦСţһһĥߵλϡ
ඣ
˵ǵһοôССѸҴչϹЦӣඣ
ӣվŮһԶľ룬Ӣ̸ǰСﶼǸ֡ÿɰҪŮ
½ǣĿ衣
˵ûҪ˵ʲô
ӣʱǰӢλ
ҴӸտʼ𾪵ŨŨĽ

ӣ漸˼䣬һʱıʾӣһƬ
ǡǡ⡣
ŵĿ˵
ӣȴòܾˣ֮һÿ궼ȥ࣬ȱĻᡣ˪ʾɴԼһ̨ˣʡȥݵĹ
ӣȴöԷŮһƬ
Ҽɫͨ죬վһһࡣԷҲʾƬϴ֮ĸ
ӣָ˼䣬ŴŮԼ
ҿĵĲˣָͷȥ׶԰ʶѣأ
ӣҵߴߴ԰ףһһ
˵һͨҲҪʱӣ˸
ŵĸԱ˵ʲôȱȻҲʮֿ١


124 
ӣסһԱʵôˣ
ⲻǳԵĺúõô;ͻȻ
ԱҲһѾղǵһغ, ǵʦϵĲˣ֮󣬶Էȴ廨Ū˵Լʳ, ġ
Աľų, ڳأ˵ҲǾĺûأӶù˭һⲻԵأ
ԱֹЩ¶ࡣ
ӣغ⻹˪ѧĲ, ǰ컹²ڼԹ
̽ͷһ, Ȼǰһ̺ģ²ˡ
ԱӢ, ɫͨ죬һĽͣƫƫӢҲһ㣬ͬѼ, ߽൱˳
صһָһûġ⡱, ɫ֮Щߡ
⡢ǡءˣ
һһ٣ԼЩˡ
Աز˰, غ, ûû͡
ȫ, Ũͳུһ̣ôܲ⣿
Ҫˡ˵
ԱЩΪ, غ²ˣϲ˵, 쵼ʦ, ͵ų², ðǷһ
ŵڼ, ˲˵ˣ
Ҫ˵ǿζлˣһûԵĲҲҪˡ
һ˲ˣӣסˡ
ǰָϵغ⣬˵˽غ⣬ķⲿ֣õǶϣⲿõǺͷͼɣƤϼӽըȻϹ졭
вһǻԼ档ŵĻ׿ڳ֤Բġ
ӣ˵꣬ƶǶӢֽһ顣
˽ŽɣӣƵǰв͵ĳʦǺģƭķʽĳޡ
ɵڻǳһڡ
ֻһڣɫ˲Ϣ֮䷢˱仯
Amazing
䵱Ĳڼ֮ķ⣬һ壬һˬĲָ棬ζͼںڸкҧ֮Ҳʲôˡ
ɫǣڿζϲȫհĺĿڸУǶһֿȥŨͳུȴˬޱȵĿڸкζ
Ǹ⣺ǳǸΪĺ⡭ȥʵ
ӣЦ˵йĲƷкֵܶóԵζͷʽ
⿴һԼ棬廨Ƥޱʵġ⡱̫ˣ
һΣΣôҴҸķ쵼˸
Ա˵ӴŮˣְһ׮ѣֻ΢˼һ£İķǮˣ
˪죬Ͷ˪Ĳˡ
٣٣պá
ˣöʡİ
ӣ£ĲҲˡ
һܹK⣬һĢŹ
ܹKһҾͼ͵ϿӣĿζСѵˡ
һŽɫĲܿ飬ҧըĽƵʵά˲͸Ľ֭
׷Եʮֿġ
ӣڿĢŹ۵ĿĢͶķ׵ŹŹѹǣźʱá
ĸŮԵĿģԵһ룬Աߵ
ллףŮʿӵһ͡
ߵһ¥ŸԱҪӣĸŮ˵Ҳ
ԱˣĲͷǷġ
⻹Ǽ֣˼ʮҴ뿪

ò׵ȵ˪°࣬ӣû᷿ӵ飬ҲûСʦǽ׶԰ܵ⡣
ȥͷ֪˰ɣô˵
˪ǹǸСұӰ
ȷʵ֪СӰԩ
ʲôСŮͷΪϲӾ͸ð
ӣ۾Ҿ˵ǧ׶԰һ첻¡ôûס϶˵ģ
˪Ůııߥң˵ӾҪ
ҳԺúȺˣΪʲôûǰʰԭҪȰְһ𰡡
˪ӣ˵ˣֻܽеͶԺ˵ˡ
ӣֹҪ˱֤ŷŹԱȡůĸŮ
ȥҽˣ˼׷ӣͲ¥ҲдԺĩȥɣ
˪԰
˸ǮϱţĴҲϱǶȻСҲһ˵ŵطˡ
ӣÿ׷ӵһͲ¥ĺ˵һҵĹ˶࣬Ǽûּңӽ˻ҲǸĸס˷ֵķӾͿճˣѵǸһ䵫ûг
˪붼û룺ǲ̫ʡ
һУû˽ܳɡ
ӣ֪ҪܾҲΪ̵棺¾סгķӲҡУ˼Ҳһ㶼Լסδû
Ѱ˼ûڿĵطͷСԺʵģأ
˪ҲԺӺãסͲ¥ĸܾǲ
쵹˵ʱ֮иʲôҪĺʵĲ㡣СԺӣӶʵ
ֻ
Ҫּ˼ҼһԺģ
Ժ˼꣬˪Ҳĥˡ
ӣǾˣһԺǿ˵еС鷳ԺǸ·ŵϽڵģϽȥˣԺӾ͵˼ŮϡԺﻹס߰˻ϰ˼ҡ
˪һüһأ
ӣһ׾һԺλƫ浹ûʲôǿ꣬ҪסĻҪúһޡ
ӣҲҪ򷿲֪ԭʱ֮ԴҶô򷿣һǵλַܷһʱķҲĲ
ס߰Ͳ˵ˣȨҲ߰ġ
ס˼ҶģȨֺܷЩң˵ˣǨ÷ϺôĹ
һȥ˵ѵҪ
ӣҲþǸСһԺʡ£Ҳʡء˵ⷿһҹѸӵģһԺҪļ۸ȶԺߡ
׼׸
˪ûбˣ
ӣУǶǿˣķӡ
ӣȷʵҲû˹עʱ򼸿Ƥ䷿ӣԺľųǣ˶Ķò顣
ڲûôǮ
ֻȽġ
һ£Ǿȥ˵ҵķӶӵ٣ȻҲࡣ
ȵ죬æ͵иˡ
ȥǲıı
ľųЩʱ䣬ΪԺһֱˣǱߵҲ˺ܾãһֱš
һѵĿˮҪ£ǰ»ܷʲôûˡ
ԽԳ񣬼޷л˵Ľɫôڼˣƾն˸ŮԽֱǺҪֵ
Ǯ
Ʊӣ
þţʱʱȥɽ侰㡣
տʼܲϰߣͿˡ
ԼȥСʱԼİϹӿԼĶûиĸԵֱð̸һ۰ĸĸ
ӣһΪˣһʵĻںֶ𣿡
ĺܵĳ֮ٱ˲ϡ
ɵģˣڡһֱûȥ
س֮󣬳һӷܣڼҴšҲӦò֪سˡ
ӣе㲻ģûǾѻŲˡ
Ѿʮ꣬δûܾʲôǻڲŲߣиʲôδ
ŤŤģŶ
Сһתת飺㣬ǲǺѽ
û˵˵ˣҲŲǺأ
ӣԹۣӣﲻǺء
ôȥٶԼ˺ģҲôһΡ
ĸã뵹ǲ¡
µǸĸе顣
ĸ飬ʴӡ
ӣôҲûϵԼǰŸ˵ؼȥתڣţǾҪȥķ˳ĸĸ
СС񣡺ҵģǼҺˣ


125 
ӣסﰡ
ʼ磺̫û, Ҷˡ
ӣһߵʱʮ꣬ڹȥ߰, 벻, ƾûȥԼԼ˵̬ˡ
һվڷſڣ˪Ĭһ˵ǲߴˣķӶһ㿴дģ˿ͬʮ˺ԺҪķҲû˵Ժ
ӣϸϸһ, Ȼ, ȻһԴ
ǣ
˵, ȴûһġ
νվԭأӣ˪Ҳҿ
һֱȵһŭĺը˲ŰĿۼԺĴſڡ
ĸףһ, Ź, ųͤͤǳɤҪҪ
Ѿͷ㻹һ
㵱ʱӲĺܣ˵Ҳˣ
ҹҲҪְŷģǸЬʦһ

ӣ˪һ, Ȼô, Ǹʦƽ, ѾָԭȵĹʹ飬ļ˸֪
Ѿ˺Щ׷ĸצ, ԼĵܵҲѾ˴ˣڲԶľſЦ
Ĵ㵹Ѿˡ
߶Ժ, ס˲, , Χ˲ΧһȺˡ
ĸױ˿, ŭͷ
㵹ǺãΪ˸ЬʦҲˣܵҲչˣͷҪȥһߣ
֪ģ͸ø
ôڳܰļҲΪһô󣬴ծģ
׳Ըɷôתͷϰˣ
͸øȥ

뿪ũ֮⻹ЩӣһƿڴŮ˵ˡ
ĸੲݣǵ˶ŮԹޡ
˪üͷŮĶϡ
ӣǽų֡
һͨȴһ¡
ĸ״ļ϶׼ݵļȻôԹңãһǨ߰ɣҲ÷˸һˡ
ܱЩھӣ費һǣкüż
Щȥ飬ڱĸһͨŭ֮󣬳񼸺˲ȫˡ
Ҳĵط
ı֣ĸ׸ߡ
ʱ򣬳ĸ׵վ˳
ӿӣ˵Сʲôʱģ
ղ˺һТŮģӰ˸ߡ
ԽԽòԾ
ʮˣĻһķ޺һСŮ
ǶԷ޳ĳڲ˵ϵĴǱȱ˶߳һء
ԼҲǴĹʣǼ·ոոġһͲǱ˻
һ֪ʲôЦһǲԸҲҲǨߡ
ͳˣû˵ѾģﻹܿĻڲŵĵ
ĸɫһһҪǻɵˡ
Ѿͷ϶Ƿˡ
Ȼôʮ㡣
ӣ־ҪߣֻԼһҲûʲô֮⡣
軹ôΪһΪܲͣҲСʱ򿴴󣬹ȻǸûϢĶҲЦص
кõľ͹ûʸӣƽʱͶڱȺô
ĸͷҪТŮȴ˪һ۸˻ȥ
ŮˣĸױΧھǿϹҲס
һԼϱʲôϽȥ
ȥôȥϢ
˵ǹŮ˾Ͳˣǲ̵Ǹ«һʲôỹ¿һŮ绨ŷ˵Ů

ôһ֣ӣҪķӾʹ˸ۣﲻǺˡ
ȥ֮󣬹Ȼ̸£
ԺȻ󣬵ǸҸԼС˼ļ۸һһߣ׵Ҳͳһ֮仹ʹӡ
ӣˣһԺӵĲȨǼҵģʹӣһȫǿ϶Ͳ˰
񣺡ԺﶼһڵʱԺÿ춼ҪּΪһͷ⣬Ϊ˵С
ӣһȥԺӡ
ãһûϡ
ӣҪٶǮͺˡ
ȨĴҲûУǲ򰡡Ҫۿ϶Ҳߡ
˪˼
һ˹һ죬һ
ϳԹӣŶȥ֮ѼҲ߸ʦҴš
ڳȻǹܳҽʦǴҶ֪նˣȻǰѳҵĸ׿ġ
һײϣ˽ٿɲʡ
ڰ֣
㲻˵ֻ»ȥҲᱻǸϸĵʦ׷ʵġ
ֹЩӣӣôȥʳĻʱ˪ûһըϢ
˵ҪǷȥμһ
ӣôҲû뵽¶˵ĳձô͵ˡ
˪ǳձλǼѡβμӹıѡŶӡ
˪ĵȼֱӸ磬ÿ·̸ԱĲŶӡ
˪½пԼڵķڼļ·еԱĲ
ӣϲǿ̫ˣ
˪α˳ĻҵĵȼҲϵн𡣡
ӣ׹Ǿü򷿵Ǯ𣿡
˪ûͷҲûҡͷֻǾǿķӡ
ӣͺϲ󺣱ϵһ׷ӣĴԺӣ˼ҿ۾һϡ
ӣס˪û£ҲǮġ
˪ʼæ׼ˣҲѽ

һʱ䣬æ
֦㡣
õǴ㣬ȥǴ򻨵СУ¹֮Ȼһ֦ģȻ͹ըΣֱһС򡣡
һ֭Ͱס
ڴŽɫ֦ӣŷڱϵȣǰһ
ۣ֭Ũ
߳ţ˪ֿʼæһˡ
ܽظɡ
Ӳͷʣµ飬ȡͷ㶹ȑȲҲ顣ƻ򽫸ϸϸ㡣ܽƬм䡣
ڵĹʻһ㡣
ӣСӳһڣĴָ
ںϲˣȡɺܽƬĲ֡
ܽƬôɵƬը͵һͳˣⱾ㲻壬һ͵ĻƬζ
㣬ֲںһżһ㶹Ѱٵѵõľϲ

˪ڼԲ˵ӣӣĵӡ
ͬʱҲΧھѰӡ
ΧھʣѾĲ
ӣ룬ԼҪһķˡ
סȥΧ˶þˡ
˻һ̣Сȴ̲˵ģ˭ҺӿҪԵģҳһٵ鷢
ϵĽְ֣֭Դȥ׶԰𣿡
¹ȥѾ˳ĳΪ׶԰һӣǸСӣûͱְķ˸˼֡ι״ɿһ˳ԡ
ŮҪ˪ȻǴӦġ
һ˾ôڵ£ҲǱʼʱ
ıǲ⹫ģ˪ʦ¶һȥˡ
ı֮˪Щƣ˷ܵĻ˼ҡ
²ҵ˵ڼ


126 
һöӲӵĴ, д
˪Ѿ֪㣬ϾεıĶľųǳķĴ
ýǴҪ, ҪڱеĽֺѧϰ
û, ˪óոոĳƱ
εĽ𣬱ĽͷĽһ١
Ľ𲢲࣬Ƿ߸Ķడ
˪쵼Щ걻ֺѹĻ󣬺ԼҲ˸ܿĴ, ޲˪
ӣǮҪ˵, ǽҪȥһϼҡ
ǰʱҲǽӵӳż˵, ˵ΧĴӶڸѧֲҩҾ룬Ƕ˽мҩҲʺֲ͸ѧУǣͷ˼Ͻ, һȥǶһ¡
Ȼ, ſľҪײǶӣ˵, ڿʼһЩǰڵĹ鷳
Ϳ, ֻʱ⡣
λ, ֻӣͳˣ˪߲
Ŷ, 硣
Ѿľų˰ѧ磬˼ʶ, Ѿ󷽡
˳, ӣ鴦ô
Ѿ˾Ժ, ɲҪΪЩ鵢Լ
ǵ, Ժˣǽȥˣǲͬʦʦȥġ
ҵʱΪ˱ûв֣ں̨ȴ޵
һѪȫڳˣȻԼҲûе̨Ļᣬһǻӱ
񣺡ǵأʦľԱǣҲӲԺҼΣҲܳԿھ͸ðˣ˽ֵ͸Ǩˡ
ӣһ룬ȷʵˡ
Խͳһţĸ£ǼȥԺгҡԼҲȭŹȻǲµġ
е㲻˼ʦ˵ʱͰҵĻڵǼǹŮʱ˪ǶڼǶѿҲ
ʦ˺Щ꣬˭֪ǰѳŮġ
δԽͳ׼ʽʽϡ
ӣѽλȥøѿ˵һ˵
ͷϴ
Ҽ£Ϳʼĸ׺ˡ
һջķᣬӣļڣǱӣģҲߵˮûôã˸յĴ㡣
ѰϽڶ۷Ź⡣
ˮƽ̫ˣ
Ȼ²Σ
ֽЩˣǺɽǿ飬ӦһЩϡҩġ

һȺűӼ¼ĲһҪãҽĴٽø
һҴȥӣû˳ҫڸӡ
Ӷ˶ա
ӣףԼ磬ѾЩ˹ĵطˡ
иڶӣǶԴһĺˣʣ˭һֱŴǰӣһѾڴˡ
ԸŽڹ鿴ɽϵʣԸһõ·
ӣϼҴһңϵæͻ˾ʵ㞋Ů֮û뿪ôʱ䡣
ڼ٣ĸ߿ߴȻֻһΧĴͻġ
óɼֻǰͰŵ˷Ҫöϴѧ
Ƿżڼҵ꣬Ŷ䲹Ρ
Ǯջģ
Ǯջ˳ģϷſ֮ǲٸˣԼ˼ͷˣǮΪнҩ룬Ҳ١
ΪϴѧǮûϵսѧͿʼڹѧڶ¾ͿʼдüﲻҪǮˡ
ѧУвж롣
ǮջԼⱲֵˣŮһٸӶǿ
Ǯջ˵ȹ꣬һҶϾȥɼرҲûʲô˵ʲôӰѧԺ͸ľԺһҲѧµĵطҲĳɴѧˡԶԡ
ˣԽԽÿѾͷҲǰǵϲ˴ѧǼ֮;ãѧҲкܶѡ
ǮջǾ仰ģ
ڹﶼֱͦ˭֪һѧŮ
ҲÿԼСȥԶĵطسǣϣȻʶˡ
סĸ׵֣һϺӵģ
λ磬û˵ʲôôһΣӰڴһ
ڲڵģ͹ȥˡ
ģȫĸ׺ôӵиõ
һĩںĶʱ֣Ϣͬըһ½ϡ
ǰɵʾ֣Ƿſ˽Ȼľųǳɻس֪ǰĴ衣
С⣬һ켸ҲкЩ롣
ӣ˷ӣԸԳסĴԺӡ
Ǯջһˣӣһһ𣬲μ˳ҺԽ磬ʽѳ
ԤƵĻгȴЩʱ䣬Ҫ߸·иϢǹ绹ûжۡ
ӣֵһ꣬Ŵżҩĸ£ѵ˼ٵ˪һ˼ҡ
ںɽϿʱӣŲԶѾ˺üпӹ̫ˡ
˪ӣ·졣
˪ס֣졣
ÿһദ£Ҫ¼ټҸʱһֱͣ
Զ׷ɽϵһֻҰܣﺰš
ְ֣ץ
ҪҰĢ
нʱ򣬵һ̣˪ǣлл㣬ҵ
