Ӿʱա
ߣǺ

İ
½У䭴һΪļ衷С˵
УӻʵΪ氮֮ӼλѾĻֲĸǿʢ̫
ΪˣӾҵҵжմսʮ꣬ڻʵ۴ԸøȦ³
ܲң䭾ʹӡ
䭰ڻҾ籾һ˺ʲô˼ôȥ
ʣλܵܣҪǧȥأ
Ļǵļӵۣ
*
ĶմսҪȻ׶ΣѡִȴͻȻΣտຮı
˶Ϊܵʧķ衣
Ȼûá
ȫ߱ռ챱䡣
־ŷɥĳǣоΡ
ռĮȫڵ·ִḻ󣡡
ſĹ⣬۵Ļǿʼ
Ӵ򵽼ɳ׶ɳȫ
ʵͫ׵ɳô
ຮãǿָҰȫգȺӵ͵ҪΪӵĳ
ûܳɵÿ춼ʣ
ӾʱգѾȲʵۣ
氮֮Ӽλļӵۣ
ǿ
ôȥ

ݱǩ ͢ Խʱ ˬ 
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ǿ
⣺֪ʶ

Ʒ
䭴ԽеڻҴӣԼֻǻʵ氮֮İӺѡԶ뾩ǷຮıءȫΧִ֪ʶأǿչգ볼һһɳ볼֮͵ĸǿĹңҲԽϻʵۣΪڰ볼񰮴ĵĽգ¿ңһֵһˬģ


1 
죬ǵ춼ġ
ջɫĻ£ķľǽַչȥһͷ
ڳǵУһС̫༱ҴҵشԺֱܽ䳡
һλɫԲ۵ֻԼʮͷٿ֮дżӢͦĸߴ󣬶˵·ˡ
Ҷȥмʮİġɵ÷׷׹ƽкá
µ־ˣ
޵
ȻǿˣĻʳ䭡
Ȼ˶˵ʫʲ۳ɫܻʵϲȴ֪λµҲǼΪɫġ
ãĻҲ׷ױֶĵƫöѡ
С̫Ҵ䳡ڵĴ̫»˼䡣
»ɫһ䣬첽ߡ
£ˡ
»ɫ֪²䳡˵첽߳䳡ſڵů󡣼ûˣ»
ղ˾ϢΪ߹ⶨţ⽫ͼ̨
ܱ߱ǿİΧܹ£ģǲȡиߡ
ɹףÿʹͣԴ˻ЩĲôڼܵС
Լº͵ӴʱȻɫĿ»̲סһЩͬ顣
ױ֣ϢĪ硣
߹
ĸѾͳһĸͬãӲ׵ˡ

ߴͳĺ
»ʶԼҪʲôɵһϽȰ
£򲻿ɣ
ȴܼ֣
˵
ɣżŭ
ūӵ»ȰֻܸϽȥǣ
ϺɫƤ멣ëѩǷɱȥ
֪»ڵʲô˵ЩȲõ
֮أӣʳ鶼ԭྶͥټϹԮ׵ĹǴӲһŵĽ֡
Сļ޵֣ȥ
ʱƵ޷ֹֻŸʰ޵֣ĪҲ޷ȥԭֻɸʺͰķ
ӦĸͶ㣬һҪúչãٱȥ׵Ʒ
عǣλñǽ̻Ի͵
䭴󲽶ڴſڵ̫÷סȥ·
££ȥ᷿Ƭ̡
˵ˣȴ˿֮
û˵ʲôԾȥԱߵ᷿
רŵһ䷿ȴټĴһ䷿ͷ̫๬Ůòˮźš
䭶ﲢİ
ʮſʱΪ˲ûʵ۸ԼǸͻʫȴʲ߼һ档ĵܵҲˡ
ʵҲǾпռǵģһ죬Ҳһ½ղÿգǻȥЪϢ
ȵܵǣ䭵õӼĻģڳҲ̫һ볯ȥһ÷λ
Ϊˣж˵ûʵ۳谮Ļӡ
죬ȴٽǹرյʱ
£ſԿˣذɡ
ʵ۸ǰĴ̫ǰ
֪ǹܶ
ƽʱ˵֣¹õ
ٴΪͨһмʡ
˿Ϻõ֬嵽
ЩΪѣ
⡭ϾܱصĻӣӳҲҹڵ
ԥƬ̣ѹ½첻Ϸӡ
ȻûӦȴ˺ܹؼϢ
ǹеĳʢ˥ĳ֮һ⼸λʵÿȥĴȻ࣬ȴÿζȥú硣
ҲǰʱʵϾҪˡ
䭲û뿪Ȼûãڹǽ¶ס˻ʵƵݡ
ʡ
䭹ߵףסȥ·
ϵĻʵۺðû˵һ·ܲա
ʵ۲ȻҲܸоʵڿֻĿͬڱϱһɽ
˺һͷʵº͵
˵˵ɣⲻϧҪ޵ҲҪޣʲôʮ𼱵£
ϸ߸ϵĸס
ӵʮ꣬ƹµͷѾ˿˿ɫ۽ҲѾơ
ı鿴ºͣһ˫۾ȴ絶С
˫۾䭵ıðһ㱡
֪⻰ºͣȴѾָ̺ݵľͷ

ˡ
ҪСߵĻ¡
ǰڻʵҪ˽õĻ
Сʮ꣬ףһּڣԭΪ׵²䵽ͷϣû̫ż»£ѡ涼ĺɾ
µȴݲϸϸѡˡ
ִټ䶨µѡδؾ⣬ôҲȼ޵֮غҪá
ʵȴ·һ㣬ЦŴĻ
СߵĻ°ԭ˵ģֵͼ̨ͣһ˲ţ޿Ϊ䣬С
䭶ʱȭͷϲ¶һ˿ߺޣֻ
ţͼ̨˽ãױͼͨãȻҪѡзѡǡ
⻰˵Ǻˡ
Сܳ裬ѣͼ̨˱ģнõϢͼʵѾ˽·ŻҪȢȥ
Ǵݻͣ¶ԽСϡ
ʵҡҡͷҳ
С̫ðʧݲһ˿ܲһίʺϺϵش֮¡
СߣСض£ȥֱܺܺõάϵ⺢Т˳ҲԸΪǣΪġ
򴽿еܲܲίѵС߾ͻȥƷ
ôСǧȥ־ͶǸ޴ĸοС;Ҫ³˽Ϊ򸾣
ͼûȢǵĹ˭ұ֤Ʒ
ԣǴŭʣҲЭ
ǿԹߣ
ʣССಡֿຮӦ
ʵȴ
޵ʱ񸮶㼸óҽҩ㷿ضί
ʣҲ׾ٵ˻
̧ͷֱӻʵ۵Ŀ⡣
ʣǰŵС߻
ˣֻܰѻ˵
ڵָӵԶš
Ȼһ̼ӵ۵ϱ㲪Ȼɫŭȵ

̹˵ϣ
Ϣŭ븸ϧѾΪҪСȥף
ӵŭ
ܶϷ޿ƽ̫ˣԽԽִ֪磡
˵ţ֣æǰ
Ƭ̺ݣȴС̫ɤ
¿͡ӿӵ٣Թ£ž͵˼
͵˼ȴû˵Ҫ˼ãҲǣ䭹⹬ǽ֮ʯ·ϣֱǰ
С̫࣬¼๤ģһ˿и
ӵ٣Թ£һصָ
ͣ־־壬ǣ⣬ȴȻȲԼá
ʵԶţִҪСȥס
Ź겻ãȻ¡֮СķХţ˱㡣
ЩһϣŴ̹ǵĺ߽˹
䭵Ҳͬһ׹˱ȡ
һŷӪӪʮ꣬ڳ˲ӵߣͷ׵ˣȴȻʱһ
*
Ӵ⹬ʵһһš
ʮýΣǻʵ۵ĿĹ
ʮ߻Ȼװۣʵʴӱлʵۿ⺢Ӳǳ࣬綼꣬ʮ⡣
ͬţȫһǣʳ޲Цܰ
һ糯糯ӣʵǿ΢һЩġ
ţʵ۱һӣ˵Ҫȥ԰ƣһ˵Ӿ˸߲ҵػҲܿġ
Ǹ˵ӣʵůڡ
ֻиһʱŸоĻص˼ǿģ;ƽŻѪľӪûа׷ѡ
ڴʱ
£ιȥˡ
ڵĻЦʱһϣʵϵЦҲ
ϴ
δ
ʵһ
Ǿֱ̧ȥա
ʵ۵Ĵ㣬һֱûǰ󹬵飬϶˵һ˵
עҪʧܵˣ༸ֿʴȡ
¶Ĳ̵ɫǰȰ
£ô䣬ӹһҹǶˣ̫ҽɡ
ʵɫ
ֵҶײĶûˡ
оƣԭԺΪ󣬺ϼ䵳ռ˳Ҫλá
һϵķֲ£䱣Ϊףڶ൳һ˺ҧ̫Ӻĺù
ֻǣùҲȻ⹷ҧԼ
ʵۻе⣬˳ʹŵһĨ˼ʶȤزٶ˵ʲô
ŮҲúܺãͷβûһ䡣
ûãִϢ˵ӱ̧ȥĵͷ˸գ൱Σա
ɼʹˣʵȻûɿڣֻ˵ҲûдÿԼ취
Ӹջգڻ̿С
õѾ޲ߣԿһٲ¾ްŵΣա


2 
䭼ѵƿصƤһ۱òԾ
ǰžĵɫɴʣ͸ɴӰӰ´ܿɫİ衣
ǰһźľԲ׵ԲʣһϸĴ豭Զһݵĸߴ磬¶˰߲żһżϷŸͻ㶦ʽ̽¯ð̣ÿ䡣
Ǹֱ½УٷʣʱҲЩãԼ
ͼ쿴ȴȫճصȥ
⶯ſڴߵ˾ѹ
ǰɴʱƿ䭱㿴һֻʮĹװСŮü۾ɫɫȴЩ԰ף³ڣ͸Źɲ֮
صͷϵ䲻࣬ȴھ¹ء
磬ˣϽд
СŮۿ죬ҲŲȻܼתͷ溰
꣬ȥд򣡡
̽һŮӰͬҲŹװȹȴЩʮ꣬ӦһūϾȥʹҴȥ
ǰСŮ䭵ɫȥϵ˱ˮе
磬ҪҪȺȵˮ
Ȼƺûȣͼ
üͷ΢šǰСŮʶԣСŮһһܿס
ǾԲܵģΪС͸ĸ˫Կ϶ԼûôСá
ǰһֵô£
ţͷһ
ں˸ֿҩָ룬ȫ˲ϡ
ΪһһİɽӿԺͷѡ
˹ȥ
ڶΣǱŮ˵ѵġ
£ʮ־ѵġ
˺üˣȥЪЪɣ
ǰǸйŮ
ǰô죬񻹻ԲѣҸ˯šЩ
һϸģȻǰǸС
ЩںϺ˵ݲİҲɻԼĴ
ĿǰǰĻ˵ӦýԽ
ȻԽʱڿѧδ֤ʵ趨С˵Ӿȴǲ٣˵⡣
һļܿճΪ˵ʵۼӵ۵Ĵӣ˵ʮܳ裬лг̫⣬һҲΨһһܷ⿤λġ
ȵȣôЩϤ
䭵ļȺܿԼ˵Щ
ĳھҽԺסԺʱһСʿǿаһΪļ衷С˵ڻҴͬͬա
ʱСʿһرʾ˵ǴԤ鱳ȫġ
ϧһЩС˵ȤȻǷû
Ǳ˽Сʿ˵Щ
Ŀǰֻ֪Ȿԭı˸׼ӵۣŮ
ӵλʱʮӴҹ͢ǳңǰĶӼûһ
ǰ֮Ϊ˱ĸӣӵۺԥذѴ˰ӣϵرԴӵĿƫôγӴĴӵΪӵ̫
֮⣬ģ弸λӵҲɫ׵վơ
̫ݱҲˮ㣬һҶʮ꣬ڼܾˡʵ֮дͷɾɹذѻλ߻С
߹롣
¾λΪ˲ĴвͳΣΪ̫ϻʵļӵֱнڻʳķϹ֮С
û꣬ӱز
֮ʵǴС˵һעڻҡ
ԭļ䣬ʱ㣬̫ӵѿʼüˡ
˵ڳҰҲǸܺ绽֮βôңҪΪΪ߹Ļ¶ײ˻ʵۡ
ڴǰλСԭһĸͬ߹
ԭļ䣬䭶СҲĪ׽
ŮĻ֪Ѿԭܾˡ
ôССһСŮͲãɲСġ
۾º͵ض
ȥ˯ɣѾûˡ
ԭļ䣬˵ģ´˵²ʲô¡
߹۾һ˲⣬ŻǱȡ
磬ûﲻҲ۵ģϹ˵
Լ´Ьɵص
ûˡһ˯ѣЩأһȥЩʳɡ
ȷѾˣСܷġ
עµԵʣڲһô
Ȼ˵ԷԹɵСһϲ¶СУϸɤϲã
̽ȥš
˵ӱʵ⣬ȴһӣ˲ҵ
˯ŵЩ죬˵ʱʺϲ˳ԵʳһֱǱŵġ
˷ѣȴҪԵʱûС
һӷ˺ܿᵽŵƫ
䭿һϵķˣƷ֣֮⻹һЩúܾµĵģСҲʮ治ӷĴ
ʼš
߹ССһˣθҲӣСèʳ
䭶ԹŴʳͦ棬ټ˼ȷʵŸСһࡣ
о߷ֱˣ䭱ͣ
ո̫ãʱ˶ԡ
߹Ҳŷ룬ܹҲͳСࡣ
ڳԷȴ˼עСĶ
µڣθôСвɵöôʱ״̬Щǡ
ŴôҲСԸ˶뿪
Ҷ˸ɸɾ߹ŵ
磬εҶ֪ˣ̫ɵˣôΪȥײʡ
˵˵ţۿ
⻰ʮֲ죬СﾹȻ֪ʵΪʲôŭ
ԭļУӵۼΧͰҪߵ·ǳѡ
һ󵳱鲼ҰĶĻ£߹һѵĹȴܴѵ
ֻ˵ϢǼӵ֪ġ
ʲô
䭺֪ܿ˴𰸣Ϊ߹⣬Ŭ΢ЦŶ
Ѿ˵ˣԸ޸ͼ̨磬㲡˾ͳһЩȥԭġ
һӵ۵Ĵͷǳˡ
͸¶Ϣ߹ΪΪĴͷ
߹˶ԸˣԭֳǰνĶּȻҲͲˡԭΪòֳܲҲ޷˼ӵ۷ֺ
Ǻƣ
߹壬⺢ѾʮȴʮĺһСֱһѾһ
СŮǸͯಡȴҪʮĽȥ޸һֵç
뵽µǰ飬䭸Ӳģѵõ˷ŭ
һʵ۾ȻԶţϧһʮĺӣ
ңΧǻ壬ֻܿ׹ӲдˣȻ˼ȡ̸ֻ֪óҰںġ
ͷʲô˶ܵ
ּ𣿡
ƽľʵ
߹ͷһ˫޹⣬ľȻѾԼȻȥ׵ˡ
΢΢СķСͷϸֻƣſ˯ŪˣСëӡһ࣬Сɢˡ
СʱԲ۾죬żֲ
΢΢һЦСı
ģдڣ;޸ͼ
ּȻа취üӵ۲òջּ⡣
л˵
psҪΪԭѹͬһˡ


3 
磬㲻Ҫ߹ܽš
䭵
ұ֤һˡҪģǺúõ壬ҪΪ㵣ģ𣿡
ûյ飬ȻҪͱȷһС
ֳĿ⣬֪ô߹Ķʱƽˡ
δ󲡣ʱĴϱǰ˹ɳȣĪ˾ǿֿɿ
áͷ
˵ʼҽĵط̫ҽǿʱ򣬻϶ǲй޹һЩ֢ĵûʲô̫ĹЧ
߹һֱڹѵܳÿ뿤Ĵ
Ѵй
䭷Ը
˵߹һ£䭵
磬ҵģǾҽء
λ߰죬޲ߣַ׼̫ҽ˾ҽġܵ㣬ÿֵ͵͵㣬ˣǲɸ˸౨ţ˼Ҽġ
ԭ䣬䭱֪߹еָةֵ¿
ԭճʱ˵̫ռƣ빬вϣҪڹܱز
ԭĸֻصһƷС֮ŮȻûǸָӵġ
ӵǰͷѾ˺üӣһƬȸ֮ģ͵˵ʱֵ¿и
ֵ¿ԴӼ俴أĽȶԼĶӻģˣλةһ
ּұǵ壬
ΪԨԴ˴ӵĸûκοɽĴӣŵ̫ӵ⡣
ҪǼٺ˵ռӵ۵Ŀ¼пⲿ
ǳ棬ԴǼĵġ
Ӧ֮⡣
߹ⷬѣ䭱˴̫»ɸȥ౨š
*
ܿ
λҽǺˢӣܿͶ϶߹̥֢ȴûʲôҩֻǿһЩҩţÿ컻ſζЩ֮⣬ҪӦٶ˶
ʺԹǵĽ꾲˳̫ҽȻǲҽܶģҲѹ߹һֱûʲôɫ
˴߹
磬ѾüˣˣҲûعȥˡ
ȴҡҡͷԸ»
ȥʺﱨţ߹չҹ۲ˣʱŲҸϽ
»ȥ
硭
߹⡣
ȴûнͣ
ԺûСҩţһʱ䡣
ʵ顣ӵ۹ͦ࣬ûĸĸƷ͵ĹǶסڱÿ˾һԺӣûôݳ޸ÿС
Ҫʲô̱ŷҪҩȷʵûô㡣
Ҫǣ߹عļƻչ
*
ʱ䭱鷿ټˣ˽ԭʱ¡
ٽʱ䣬ͨ˵ˡ
뵽鷿
ûã䭱һͷҰףԼʮͦĲ˽ţһ˫۾ȴ纣һ۱֪ǸǬ֮ˡ
һɴ룬Ȼǹʱ˶Ŀġ
ֵ¿
һȦݣֵ¿̾˿
£ôãʱöϢġ
£Ƹ˱裺
صģѾöˡղֻǽ˼ʻ񡣡
⻰֪뵽ʲô
ͷµ²õǣ΢ء
˵⻰ʱ˼֣һΪṩһĸס
֪˵ͷʲô£ԭЩ죬ͷƽ̫ӵǽ˷ĹڦѾдӵĴ󳼱ˮˡ
ԭȻǻΪżġ
ȴȥЩˡ
ĹˮλԱͲ޹ºüӣ˷˳͸øۡ
Ȼ̫ӵҲһܶԴСӵģ˭סֻûбõʵ֤ݣԼΪеĻʵҪվ˭Ǳߵ⡣
Σİԭġ
ļƻ˵Բľλࡣ
һһֹּٳ壬ΪԼϵ棬ܲ
ΪϵͷˣҪ飬ɽǶǼĴ
ıԼļƻ
ԭԼеϢľ棬ھ֮ⷽأҪ붷ʵǷǳѵġ
ȫҾ֣ʵȴѾ̨
ң񾩳Ǽǵľӣһ϶Ѿ˻ʵ
ԹǹȨ
עǶӵۡ
еĽҲ֤һ㣬̫ĸ壬֮൱һ壬ȫʵɱ˸ɸɾ
Ӻ̫ͷҲһȦһ̽Ծˡ
ԭûôĸ飬ΪһݿǷ֮ģһ֮·
νĴӵڱеʲô
౻ʵһű䭵
δӵߣ̫ӵĹߣ̫꣬˭
Щ治ȴ֮䲻˵ġ
ϸЩþƵı仯üͷ£
Щ̫ӵƺȷʵ˭Ҳûֵãʵǽһƣ̫ӵһӣЧһʵ۵ĴϵеĹؼλá
֪Ȼһ
˵ֻ̫ӵĹߡ
ĪǴӴ˴δŭʵۣΪ֪ʲô
ɫ䭱ףǰԼĻȥˡ
ʵϣⲢǶô׵ĵ
ݺٳʮ꣬Ȼ޴ֻ֮ס۾ſǸ߸ϵĵĴ㡣
ҲǣףҲҪȥҪȥġ
£׷ʲôˣ
ʵ
Ҳ֪ԭΪα⡣
䭵ȻܸԼѾԤ֪δ
ֻҡҡͷһĪӣ
ֻһ뷨ǵĶģΪǲں̫ӣһͿأһա
ףҲЩ帣
䭻⣬һǾף겻ػȥˡ
˵ĻѾ˵ˣҪѡ񣬾Ͳܸˡ
ͨһ죬䭱˹׼ʵۣʼʵʩԼƻؼһ


4 
⣬Ļ
£˵Ȼˣͼ˼ʲôʱ֪ˣʲôʱȥ
䭺ܸɴرʾ
߸ʣھ֪ˡ
ĿǼӵۣͷϸʲô
Ҳ㾭˵ˣʱҲ˿ǣĬ˺һŵ
£µûأӡ
ǰҲûӵôç
üӵҪô첻һǱˡ
Һ׼ǰڿϥǴ˸ĵӡ
һӣɴ˸ƽĵطˡ
ϾǾ֮ĻʵۣرûڴʱȥƶԷȨ
ûãʵ۵Ĵʱʱ߽һĴӣ˶۹۱ǱǹģֻûĿбӵؿ첽߽ƫ
һȴҪһЩȴҲ
ʱˣԶԶ䭣˳ش˹
Ӵ磬ôͷأ
һһֻ̬֪ģҲƽϣֻǲᡣ
ȴ¸߰Ҳ֣Դ
ĪʫҪ븸ƷҲ̬ɣôϲ㣬ʫĶѣҲڹؿ󰡣
Ӻֻ꣬游Ƿ⽮ĸǹȻߣȴЩѧֶдøһǿźѧʱʵۿ޵䭣úܣʱ䡣
ԭǲƽϵģҲˡͷԼֱֱȥˣûҪ̫ϡ
ԽǲᣬԽ̼
磬˵¬ϵѾּˣ¬ϼ䷸ִֶն¬ǧ
¬ңնŰҪøѪпڵ³ССģҲ֪ܻߵϺأ
¬Ǵӵĵɽ֮һα̫ӵ⵹Ӿ϶ˡ
Ȼü
¬ϣǾһֱԱߴ̫ˡ
䭹΢Ц̧ͷ
ղ˵븸ʿʫĲ¹ôأϾҪøʷġ
ܣҿһҲøʲĲ٣һһıТģ
󷽵룬ӶʱµǺһŷӦŭ
û˭Ҫһ򣡡
˵ͼҴˣ䭴Тͷһ
۫
Ȼʮ꣬ȴѾΪʵ۰˽ץ˲棬ǰӺ˼ӵһʱҪ
ӵĴǣһ۫ͻ˶ˡ
û˵κιֻǽϵĶ磬Ըϣ
ϺĲźãҪ塣
ĻǼ⣬ģҲѹûãҲѾ£һﺮŹԱ
Ļӣû䭴к
һҶ߲ˣƵĻߣ±紵Ƶġ
ŵ̫˵ǾöҶ߲̫٣ĸʳûЩˣʵۼӲ͡
ĻǽҴ壬ƴ֣ͨܵķӣԴʵڡ
֮ʹЩĻӣֻͨΪֵüӵۻġ
￴һϷǸп
ĻҲ治ףӷ
ʵۺ󹬶࣬ĶŮҲ࣬˶ƴ֣ûʵʱԼñǱԡ
*
һ͹磬ӵȥ
;ȥȥҲûţԺ﷭ԭ䣬һЩؼϢ
˵֣һԽƺԼִĴ򰾳Ҳԭһټϥϵĵӣںй˴죬ȫûһܺļϥҲʹ
ʵۼ鷿
鷿ʮֿеطĵ񻨶ģͻʵ۵ζɫһȥ͸о̻Իͣׯϴŵͳǡ
밲ꡣ
ѭ浸ص
ӵȴûƺڵ
Ѿ˻ʵۣ䭱㲻ЩͷԵˡ
ʵÿˣ˳ʱܽ˰ϳȥ˭֪ܸʱ˵ֱ
ʣм򸸻²˵֪
⻰ӵӥĿ΢УĿӵش
һӽƺﲻһˡ
⣬Ͼٻ֣̿ҲûԹߣһеӣЩ¶κӰһ
£޷ʲôϢ
ѵղٻֵ̣̿
ӵаԴȡ
ֱ˵ǡ
ʵ۲ң䭱֪ӵҪôĺأҪôĶŵùˡ
ˣҲû֡
̧ͷӵ̸ۣƽص
δ󲡣ͨ˺ܶ顣
ʣʱգѾĴ㣬ʵκһ˼̳Ĵͳ֮ˣص÷ǳأô
ѯʵ䭵ȴǳƶӵ۵ĿҲг
ڵ˶Ļһֱ޲Լû˫䡣
Ȼӵ۴ŭ

һӣȻ˵λͳֱǴ治
һŭʬ
ͨһ˵ϣͷأŬСԼĴڸС
ֱʵŭȴûκη塣
ǰʮ꣬Ե׶Ķֿ֣ȭ;ĩ·йͶõǹ룬ٴķ粨ҲȻܱ򶨴ݡ
񽻷棬ӵ۱򣬺ðβŻˣض䭵
֪ʲô
㷴Ӧ䭱ٷְٿ϶Լǰжϡ
ӵλǷǳԼĶŮһǴΣյвҲޱӡ
ߵܣ
赭д׳֡
ӵűʸ˵ֶʱһ䭵Ŀɱ⡣
ô֪ģˣѲܻϣֻγ
ûлش⣬ǵ
ô֪عģֻѸʣϢҪǴȥǾ̫Σˡ
ζصҪ֪̫ʱ򣬿ɴɱһǧҲϷŹһġ
⻰·ĺܹ߻ӵİΣһ㡣
ӵȴ֪ǻл
Ͽ߻ǵշǳףҲôܳ裬һ۵ۣĸҲԣܼ̳дͳġ
һִԣǴӴӿ˵Щ۵ˣǾԲŹġ
߻ӲǣѴ֮ǣȻбЩ˸оͻӷ
֪¹˭ֵʱЩֻ˴˹һ
֪ԼûʱȴšһȳĶ֡
ֳǼӵԼҲûаܻĸӰΣ
ɵض䭣
вޣ
µǣвķִ˾׼
ºЦ
ҡֻЩ͸
ӵЦһɭ
ֻܱܵˡ
Цݲ䣺
³ç֮˻زȥˣȻҲŸġ
ӵۿӣеɱԽŨء
·˷ƵʹǹţҲ˿
ʲôʱֻӵĺӣȻɳ˵ز治ɫסѱв
ң̬ǰ˵ⷬ˺ֵġ
ĬðΣӵ۵
Ҫʲô
䭵
ֻҪʴӦһ£ջСߺ׵ּ⣬öϡ
ܣּ£޸ġ
ӵۺԥؾܾ
䭲Ϊ⡣
ּµģֻҪģ벻취ءʹЩҲûн;
治ɫؼ
ʣһû˵ءֻҪϴӦӴ˳λ֮ǧرأٲؾǡΣ
õġ
ĿǰľƣھǣԶǵϵ⡣
¬ϣǰٸߣ¹ԱȨΡʵҪɱҲֻҪաһš
ȥ˻ʵƿıأſɡ
ԭԺеϢֲ˲鼮ͼӡ֤ʵ磬ֻǽĹҲͬԣشпΪ
ӵû뵽һ
֮󣬱ɡ


5 
ãӵ̫ӵ൱һ˿䭾봢λһ֮ң
׵ض֪бĴ㣬Ҳ׾ͷ
Ϊ봢λ֮
մƣΪ˲ʳ»Թ̫󸺵ڻʵȥûв£Ҫصġ
Ȼ֮ǰܵõʲôλ͸ƾˡеĻǹͷӵģҪûߣҲܵõӶ
ǵľλȥǰû⹦ѫֻܽϮ
˵Ļᣬɻʵ߶ֵˣһǲǣԶ˵˭ֻܼǵһϴء
ԣǷش󣬻Ǿ丸λʱǲصġ
Ϊһã䭣ڴʲô⣿
ӵӵض䭣һ˫Ŀǲ¼ɡ
ţҲѿֻ࣬
ʣÿһ˶ϲô꣬Ѿˡ
ӵǷȫŲҪΪֻҪܴóĺôͻӦ
ϾֻҪһߣӵȺףҪѰµĿɽ
ʲôȵʵ۵ĴȻҪֵء
ֻҪʵ۱ֳ˼űȻȿֺؿȥҲԱԭиѪ
뵽ЩӵȻҲ뵽
ԣûãӵ۾͵
䭣ҪҪã
΢Ц
Ǿò㣬͵ûҲС
ӵһϣ޿ֵţϵȴº
ҲգȻѾΪȫ㡣
ֻǣóȻּȥأ»ڳȻ
ƽص
ʷģԼӡ
ӵӵضá
ؿຮûʲô⵽ֲϮ˵ǳ˱֮ĵط
ΪʲôҪȥҪǧ
ر߹ǣÿסµĲԭǧʲôá
ɵӣȻҪأΪʲôҪȫĵط
ӣͼıʲôǿ͸
գӵֻܱؾ
޷Υŵͱ޲֮顣
䭵شӦ
ʷġȻѾ˵Ƕ͸ˡ
뿪ıӰӵһǰһӣϵԽԽ
вͰˣɶǣȻҳ߻֣ȫۡ
ƫƫͶ֪ʲô룬ӵĴȥġ
²²͸ͼҲòͬԶ߸߷ɡ
˵ǻ֮Ѿܾûôˡ
һӣһӣȻң
ӵ˫ȭģãѹбڵɱ⡣
ӱʮ겻
Ѿ̹˺ܶΣһҲܳ嶯¡
*
߳ţǣȺţһ䭱ӭ
£ǻظ𣿡
䭸˵ȥׯϡ
ȥԭµ
մƣΪһǧЩһԼһǹӡ
ȥصʱЩȫס
Ϊ˲вǵİȫȥ֮ǰֻܽˣĶֻׯϡ
оλĻӣѡ˲þ
ûԭƽʱô궼òȴҪǮȥʵ̫˷ˡ
ҲԭϱȽϵûʵ۳谮ȱǮʱš
ңԭҲǸȽ־ˣúֻӣʱȥ
һǧˣȥص̣Ҫȥ
ҪߣȴȻ뵽ʱСԺſڣؿӡ
ǰǣ޹ҹˣͻȻ˸ˣʲô˵ǲϰ߰
ţȴЩů⣺
ظ
ƻ˳УôҲҪС˵һģСС͵ģҪôġ
*
߹ʱڴ͡
¡
½ʮ꣬һС޶ˣʻңһܳӣ˸߲ҵظ߹˵µõƥͼ͵ģȾеҪ񿥡
ȴ²ߡ
ӦӣЩˡ
棬·˵߹չֳգúأʱڿЩ
ʱչ˲Ǹֻ˺ܶ죬λģôһڣ˸ʲôôɡ
Ҫиֵ̣Ҫôճ
Ȼųͼ׷ĽȴûҪ޸
ıȵϾǵķǱߵĹ߶Ůū˻ŮˣɲҪԮ޵ôԶĵطȥ
ŵһģڿʱ
ȻС￴ɫ԰ףҲڣȴ˵·񲡵̫صӡ
ˣȻҲϾߣСһ˴ͦĵģ˵ȴû뵽Է顣
룬̽
ãǲȻƥͼ͸ҵģҸûʲôġ
Сﲻ˵ʲôԣＵɣ
߹عæǸ
˵ʲôѽҶûͼôΪֻ岻΢е⡣
ԭΪӹдϢղһʣȴ˵֪
һȥڻû᲻ʲôˡ
⻰¶ʱ˳ˡСʮͷ͵ȥף޵˻ϲҲͦģ㰲ο
ģͼһçҲûô¡´μһúþ㲻ã
ԽУʮƶͼһһ
߹΢΢üס
ͼǵ㣬ȥͼ˵Ļͼ᲻˸Լء
ҪڣȴſһȵĽŲ
һ̧ͷԲ۵߽
磡߹˫۷ϲˡ


6 
䭻ظʱ˵߹ڴ͡
ˡ˵̽»
ŴŮǱʲôˣ䭵ҪһܵģҲãûҪ
ǰǣ˷ʱȴֱӹȥˡ
ȴû뵽ڽŵʱһ
⻰·ǸýڹãֻҪ΢һƷ;òζ
ִѶ䭱ҲḻǵС˼ǳġ
һˣȻмڸһСŮְ֮۸õˣҲûҪڸϸҲڡ
磡
߹ϲ󣬱ڸ˸
ܳ裬ӵʽ϶Ҫ񣬸οһձʵĴӡ
󷽷Խ߹ߵǰǵĸ첲Ц
˵㸮䳡Դȥ𣿡
߹һ۾
㲻ܶ˭ر죬һ㶼ӳ˲ܵﶼĿĽ㣬ϲҲϲ̫ӶҲܺá㻹˵ǰҲ
ͲԶˣԼ״磬Ҳ֪ȥ׽
Ҳãϲɡ
˭֪λĵĴֱӰֳ˳ֱ߹
¸˵޹˵ȳȥɡ
ͷβһû
ʱͺ
λƽ˭һǫĴģҲԡôҲû뵽ôӡ
ֱӽ˵޹˵ȣ
ȥŮ㶣ԥصؿһۣö˼ˡ
ǰίرС죬żֽص䭣ϣԴע⣬档
䭹ǿһۣȴüͷһ壬õ
ôߣ
ŵص޶ԣ޺޵һţŭؿ첽˳ȥ
˺һ΢侲ôӿ϶Ϊ߹׵Ǩŭ
ʱޱȺڸղžȻƨɣ߹Ůǰѿ
һղŵĳٴͷ޵سһڣ
Ǹڻңʲô
ջţôĿŶҲȦ乬̫ϧԺ˸͵㷹͸ҩ
˭֪Ȼ˲ʶô
ޣҪΪԼų裬˭ϡ
ܵܵ˻ʵۣڽն
*
߹ߣҪȥ׷㣡
ȴ˻£
޹ؽҪ֮ˣ⡣
߹ʵеСĵģ϶ղŵĻˣͷһ뵽Ĵֲ
磬ղô㣬һȥǰ״
ó裬ȴ˸ʣҪȥ״ǸӻϽ͡
ȴһ֣
Ҫȥ档
ԭļ֪ӵ۴ʲôؿĵ
ĸ΢ʱˣûһ䵽³
˴вӵۣӵͰ޵ֻͶʱҶ֡
ծ˲ʭӶ˲ںһʵġ
߹żüͷš˸С
磬ôû
ĵģ¶һĨЦ⣺
˵ˣСӲҪôġȫѾˣʲûӦջ׵ּ⡣
޴ľϲ߹ͷ
С΢ţðβ˫۷Ź⣺
磬Ĳúˣ
Ȼġƶػش
߹ʱС죬ۿԽԽ죬Ứֱת
ôµСŮǰͻȻˣǹֵ궼˵һ˲޴룬˶ٲε
ôˣ
߹ţϸҭҭŵ
͡Ǿдá
׵£ŬװòںվǺµġ
ٹ޹ȥÿͿ磬Ҳǡ
ֳܱ´絣ġ
ɴ羹Ȼ׾ͽˣҸʻˡ
̫ˣ
ޱȽ־ø
һɣ˺ЩĻ̿ˣԼ˵ôͿˡ
⻰ǳЦȻСӡ
һҲãðﻵˡ
߹һֱƽԼҪŰ£Ŵ˴ҴҸׯϡ
ׯҲҪһСʱϹȥʱѾˡ
˵ϢӪָʹ༱ææӭӡ
Ǹʮ󺺣Ѿ˯£ǴҴææģͷЩҡ
μ£
ߵǰԶ̹ߵס
ûзϻֱӵ
бһװУϡ
㶣ȴûжʣӦǣ̴Ҵææˡ
ѵУߵ·ϣ䭱˼ٵļϹĵ
ׯ·Ļ̵ûãһЩһߴټһУȥ
䭱УҲ죬վƽｫѵ߸ߵ̨ϵš
һٶû룬ҲԼֻһ˴롣
Ĳûûüס
䭵Ŀһһɨڳıִ̫⡣
Ҳ⵽ס
Щ˸׳ʵ˵ϵȽҲˣóƽʱòѵҲ˵ġ
΢ѵһʱ䣬ʱɳΪһֻ
ȫ֪λµʲô˼ɫѣٿ¾ݲӣбЩ
ȻʴȣȴǸ߸ϵĻӣǶѵЧ⣬ʱ԰˵ġ
¡
ûǷԸ
嵶߳С
ЩҪıǣԥһ£վ˳
ǰſһٶ˲ſ
䭳
Ե
һ£ԼһѸٵ£ֻǵµķʽǧٹ֣ǰſŵģҲɵģвɵġ
еԥǲ֪ô죬Ҳɻ
վ˻ԭС
ŽԵһʮˡ
ֽټûõĻȥʣ°ʮˣŶ
ʮˣΪСӶӳͳˣѸټϵİ취º󣬱Ҫбĵ֮һھؼϡ
ϸߣͳͳ߳ӡ
һʱûǻȻ
ϾղŰʮ϶ԭĶӳⲻζţЩСӳȫְ
ͻȻٵıǰϲְЩȴԹߡ
ҵȲ޹ͻȻǵְҵȲ
һԭСӳŲվ˳
־ȻСӳȻ䭲ɵ˫һС
漴ԭļҵԭ
Դֻ˵ȲƱ
ԭƽʱЩ̫ˣнٺţʳҲúܺã֮ڻʱʹͣƽʱӲ죬Ҳһ紺磬ƽ׽˵̬
˵ŴʿΪ¡ԭԵùֺ˵ԲŻʱ
ھӪǾԵĴɡ
ԣСӳǳʲôԭվ춼ȻΪɱӺĵ͡
Ҫñʱкܶࡣ
ײҪƷʱǷӡҪ̫뷨Ӳнֹ˶սʱ򣬷ɼᶨִһļ᲻ɴݡ
ľӣ뱣֤нֹҶġ
䭿࣬ɢλ߾ϣ
Щģվ


7 
ҹɫŨѵĹõ˿䭵ɫҲһЩеĶӳǴơ
Ϣ֮ԭĶӳվ˳
䭵ĿӼɨ
ȻǲǱǷ˵ס
ⲻǶǼ˵ĽͣǶӪء
ڱյأǧ˵ֳޱȰ
ͳÿһ˶У
֮УһҪнֹͷһ죬˸ǽЩءΪӳǱ򣬵أִеģٶȣִȣǶǰʮˣˣʲôʸζӳ
仰ʵǼƿԡ
ࡣ
䭳
æǰ

˻رмҲ̸ϳׯӡ
д񣬳͢޶ĸҲסӪȻǲսʱ档
زԼҵµˣΪˣȫκɣ̵
ǣ
ɵĶӳ䭵ɵˣżʿҪѺǣŻعͨһ£־ģ
ˡ
ˡ
Ҳˣ
˻̿֡
ûκδͷ˻رĳͷ
ʵطı̫ˡ
ΪеϱǱѡθÿõ700ľãÿǺܲˡ̰أǾǣͨҲֻõ߳ɵľ
⻹㣬Ϊ˲ϹٴСЬǷڻøТʵʵֵֻɡ
֮⣬Ϲٶūʹãʹ£ѹեǳءǱĥˣҲֹ
ҲܣΪıƣһ٣Ϊ飬ǲ޷׼ġ
ײʿ޴ӡ
ڿȫЩ£ʱѲ죬Ϲ۸ǿֱ¿˱ض⵽ϳ͡
˼ӪķǺõòˡ
ÿµľöţĿÿ춼ʳӲͣڻжǮʳ
ǵļӪסڴӵׯϵÿֻ⡣ճѵԼκ¡
˻رǽǴôص
οҲû˺ܿͱס죬ס֣ϳȥˡ
һ磬Ǿͻᱻͻؾǣ졣

ʱǲʶʴȣҲɱӡ
ԸһУҲʱջءҪڵĺӣǾͱԥִпָ
ڸ̨Ͻ˵ķӦףһﵽӦеЧ
漴һ
ºǵѵӽмʱִȱƴһɵСӣʮڶһ󵽳Сӣÿʮð£
Ƚн߰Ǯǲúѵ
ôһҪܳʱ׼ȫ㹻Ǹͷ棬֧ӱе
мСӳһ𱻸ϳӪ˿ûκٸּۻۣ䭵¡
ˣʱ˽ȸС
ﵽҪЧ䭱ǻӪϢԼҲׯϵס˯ڶ첻ִ˸ϻ˾ǡ
д󳯣ӵ۵Լӣرء
*
Ļʼڣ֮ϣӵ۸á
մ󳯣Ʒϵľȫڳڴ󳼷վڴ֮Уһߣһֱ⣬мͨУΧʱǰ̫๬Ů
̫䭣Ҹվһߣֱд󳼺ͻʵܡ
˵վλȻҵչʾڳϵĳȻλ
꣡
¹ɽ
̫൱ЩȴһѽĹ˾Īѹ֡
Լеһŵ䭣̫͡
ÿԵ䭣˸̡
ǻʺӣ̫ӣ˳ĴʲôʸԼС
һ죬Ҫ䭺צͨͨһ򾡣
ܵԼǿҵĿ⣬䭲ûᡣܿͻ뿪ǣ̫ˡ
ɵؽС
˵첢ûֵ̫ùעĴ£һʱ󣬳βǰ̫
࣬˳
ӵ۵Ŀϡ
ʵϣ糯ӵĿʱʱͻϡ
䭴ݵسУ
ʣ࣡
˵ţԼдۡ
ԭ䣬ģԭıʼǲһ¡
ǰ̫۳ǰ
ʣűŴܲԭϮʵ߿ӾǣΪʷǡʣ࿤رʳȫ
˻һȻһ
أ
һƴõĻأ
̫ӵ־ϲɣһʱ㲻«ʲôҩ
ӵȴǱһ⽹ۣʵ̫ͻȻˡ
ع񣬱һŵԡ
ɰ£ؿຮʱңǧ֮壬ȥΣյĵط
ǰ£߽佫٣
ΨûпڡͱͨеľǰδеãûҪȰ
׵ļӵۣҲ˼صк
֪ȫͼ벼һʱȫ벻طʲôر
ʵϣ߽ƫƧƶ֮أＫ٣ǺĲȫҲûп󣬻ǱԭϮ
࿤Ҳͬûʲôرĵطǰɳǳ±´ȥ뱱ֹҲȫûᡣ
Ȼӵ״ʲô
Ⱥ۷׷ף̬ˣ
ʶǺαءؿຮôܷȥôԶĵط
ӵٲȻһȸģ
ӵĴǶʱ˿ڱ»
Ȼû꣬ȴٴη衣
ʣѶ븸ʳȫ
ӵۿΣε̾˻ֵ
ˣģ˼֣Ǳȥɡضս£ȷʵΣգǧ
˵ţͷԸȥţһҪúðźôӷˡ
Ը꣬һܴʮƣ˳ҪջسĴӵӶĴҴֱ뿪˻ʼ
ۼѶӵĴֻ˲ݡ
ʵ۽ԣǲٸġ
ɷζʲôζŴӴ˾ʧȥ˾λʸ񰡣
£˺Ϳ£
һλܲ˴Ĵ󳼿ڲԵޡ
Щ˻ǴŭʹĵĿ⣬䭵û˿ֻƽضһ䣬ѾλӴ˺Ϊ֮
ת뿪˴
Ѿ˳صõԶ뾩ǵķأҪģδ߹ǧƽصִˡ
뾩֮ǰкܶҪ


8 
ھǵĵ̣ׯһԺòĹ̶ʲ˵ĴȣҪ뾩ǰϡ
ΣҪһЩӣȣԱ㵽¿͵ׯ԰
öǱ߳ﱸַˣһЩԼҪĽˣòҪھǲһЩ
ģǧоǮҩĵȵ׼
ǵǣǧ·ʮҾܴﵽǧ˿ɲǶҪһ·ҹޣմʱоٶȣҪһҡ
ѡвɰ죬񸮻ᷢǮЩȥ죬ֱи©ȱȳﱸټɡ
֮⣬ǻѵǧںϡ
ܵģæýŲմأһؿЩ¡
հ£˵߹ˣ˺þˣ˵ǲ˴¡
΢΢һ̾С˵ͷϢ˰ɡ
ɡ
ȻһͿСۿ죬Ƥ׵ģȻǿ˺óʱˡ
Ҳ´һֱȵ˲
Ƕµ۵С
֪ͷϢˣ
һ˵߹Ҳ̲סˣ۵һ
磬ǲΪҡǲΪȥģ
Ȼȷʵһԭ򣬵ȴԸС
⺢С˼ȴأ塣
˵ʲôϵֻ˾ǵѡ
߹ȴҡͷ
Ҳţ֪Ϊҡ磬ôôɵһҪ׵ģôΪС£ԼĴǰ;
ĸͶȪ֪ԭҵģ
ץס䭵죺
磬ȥȥ󸸻ʣջسԸȥֺף
Լֱ޿ˡ
ϸıֱĺ΢ƽһЩ
㲻𡣴˵ʵйȻԵʣҪǣȥԶ뾩ǵĵطɣƾԾԼĵطڵ
ϿңǷԷθĻ
߹ɵͣ¿ϸ˼
紦̫ӶӪӪӪԼô꣬ǲأ
ѵҪƴȥԼϲ
֮ն񣬴ܷһƽƽĻҲĲ
䭽ŵ
ңһҪһȥҲͬ˵ġؿຮΣգԸһȥ𣿡
ʵףСȻԸġ
⻰Ϊתע
߹ڴ֮ǰȫ֪ԼҴ绹㣬һȻˡ
Ȼͷ
Ը⣡ԸȥȥҶԸȥ
䭶¶͵Ц⣺
ҪѶʰá
ʵ߹ҪصĶǰѾ˰ˡ
ջغּ飬żӵһ㶨
Իʵ۶ĸӵ⣬ǲΪһ߹ͳġ

Ͳȥˡ
߹еʶӦûһЩ£ǹɵصͷӦ
ʲôûﵽ磬Ǳֻܾҡ
һ̣ͷһޱϣԼѧʲôΪһԴõˣһֱ׸
*
עƽһ졣
߹ûãֽӵ»Ļ㱨λӵĴ󳼴ʱۼ˸⣬ѾԸͣҲֲߣһҪһ档
ʱ䣬ڸպɢֵ֮ˡ
һĴ֪Щʲô֮һ棬ǻǲĵġ
ãȥһ档
»
ūȥѸλ뵽
ء
ȥ⡣
󳼻Źٷվʯʨмƽ̨ϣǳעĿ·ǲʱפۿ
£
һоų⡣
£׷ʲôˣ˵˵һ취
һ˫˫۾еؿͼء
ֻҪ䭸ı⣬¾ͻлء
ûʲô£Ѷκθģλء
ȫԭǰһĺ㡣
ЩȴҪȰ
£˸ã
԰Ƕ꾭Ӫ˵ͷ
£ڻͷüҵ顭
䭼״֪µҩЩǲĵġ
侲ףֻǺ¡
ǵĻ
λˣپۼڴ˺Ϳˡ
䭴Ŀ⿴ǣԼأǱǣ
˵ٲߣҪˡ
󳼵ĹλҲƷƽ˲غǳһôΧ·˵档
ƽԴӾľһ븨ϴλΪճ嶯ӲģӾȻ˶Դǣ
˶ʱǺ
һ󳼶֣ΡΡָ
ãһӣ
ҲŭĿӣ˷ºݻ
£ղҪڽյľ
ȫΪص
ɣ
˷ŭؿһۣˡ
ԭɳ䭱ȥ֮ˡ
֪һĻӦûᴫ˶С⡣
*
һ³ɵشͷˣȴûô
̫һ뿪ʼʹҴҵȥ˺󹬣ʺһžҵ
ĸ֪ϴʲô£Ȼȥǣͬˣ
һü˷뽹꣬ѹѹס
ʺһλʮĸˣȻãȴҲ̬
⻰һ޵ϸϸü˵Եø
䭣ʲôϷ
ҲԲ͸˼ɸӦˣһߣڳϿɾɶˣ
ʺ󵽵ıЩҡҡͷ
ŵģ뾩ǰʱǱߵĶ
侲ЩȥǱߵĶˡ
ģ弸λӣҲȥԼĸı
˶ڲ²⣬ΪλͻȻȥأ˶ţλо׷ˣ˫۾ʼŴӽھĶ
˵ľɲӴ⹬Ҫöࡣ
һ֪֮ʵ۵ʥȫĸϣôQη塣
˵Ϣһ¡
ת˲һ룬ǱƺҲûľ巢չ켣ֻ˵ôŬڳнԼţһ£̫ӵһȴ֮룬Ȧ
ǰľȥ߽޷ս
ɱԭôôһ˵սʲȲȫֵˣֻǸӣԼʹͻ̨һϹ
䭶Լֻ
СQɣôQڻ³
ͺúŹӣۿǵĶմϷɡ


9 
ӪϹٸ٣׼ؼҡ
еھһСңеļȴסӪءһ֣ؼҪôֻʱҪôֻϹ١
֮ˣΪţǴӪеȱѡһЩӻӪºͽӹǾͷ⡣
һĶÿҪʮˡ
Ϣһڱ̲ѡ
ȻǸȴǱַ⵽طˣһȥɾһӡ
߾ֻһ֮߾ƷǶҪꡣ
׺ޱȣɱ飬Ľ߷ͨյͷ­˲ԭϵľۡ
ţ¾ٲãҲȥǡ
ɲһȥǾͱȥΥ۴ֱƳȥնʾڡ
ÿ˶⵹ù䵽Լϣ׷״ȥǮ¸Ϲ١
ԪվʮĵطָϿŴŲĸ첲⣬ݵԥ֮ɫ
ãǽȥˡ
Ϲٵľʳֱ췻ȥ
;ƶͬǾеƽ񣬻סڰ췻е֮Ҿۼĵط
ھִĵطиСԺӣһӣǽʮĶء
ȻھҲ٣ֻľ̫ˣ϶ǶӶļͥġ
ΪÿʮĶص˰ÿ»и߶ľٸĸǺ۲ġ
߻ؼУ緹ʱ䡣ŵļĸ
ĸ̴Ǿȣ
ӴԪˣ
żĸԪкɫͷ䲻ȵص
ҵ
˵ţʹ߼ȥ˳Էݡ
ϰŰͷˣ⣬ʳɱԪھӪöˡĸĵܾܵ͸ʳĹһʹԼͷ
ٹƤһƣʵ
ֲ壬ʲôٿҪģ
Ҫѡ˸ſȥͷ⣬ÿҪʮˣܶͬ۶ͷǮˡĮԪ
Ҳ뱻ѡȥܸܲǮ
ѾϢͷйʾȥģҪǮ
еȱģͷ̰ʵʵֵֻһ룬ùԼͼﻨǮ졣
Ǯڲٱ˵һòľ޿
Ԫ֪Ǹóġ
ÿµľô϶ˣⷢĲƥƥ֮Ҳཻ˼ﻻǮģܼʮеġҼﻹӺĳϢ
䣬ĸͼɤµ
ǮֱҪŶǼҿôõóǮ
ңԪҲ̫˼Ͻˣӳǡ̫̫ƽƽģûĻᣬȥɱвźٰ
̴ÿɾԪѾʮţ۳ž͵óɼҵʱҪһʲ˵ԺԪҪңҲÿ·һãô㶼Ǹ
ԪȥҪһȲ˵սвƵĸ
ٹϵİͷҧһڣŵ
˵öԡȥٵĻᣬﻹܵôǮȥġ
ԭΪԼѾľԪʱȴɾôʹۿӲ
ǶӵǮ
ٹ۾һɣŭǳ
˵ǲǣǮƨ㵱ô٣Żˣô˼ﻹʮĸ𣡡
⻰Ԫĳˡ
جج߳ԺӣӪȥ
ǮƽʱǮִ󶼸˼ûôϹ٣ζȥضһ
һǮסĿ˻кܶ࣬͵ׯʱ˵鶼Ǿֳصġ
*
Щһֱׯ
Ķ£ΨııǮӡ
ڿһкٴׯϣ黤ӪѵĿ
ľѵ޷̵ȻеѵԼ󷨲ɱȻ
ԭԴӻСӳӪָʹѵĻǳʵӪЩڻѵɹ϶ʲôë
Ҫ©ȱģǶľִУԼΣʱĿ
ȥ˱Σյĵ˱
ˣеľûнͷģڲѵʱǽɱš
ԭǮӪռʮ֮һʮһһԸŶӲʵսϰ
ѵʱαֵӣԶ⽱⡣
ټϿһԿţڶ໤ֵø
Ͼ˵ˣǧ
ƣʮһӣʮһʮһӪʮӪһʮһᡣ
Щ±ĶӳͷӪָʹȫЩ
ٵĻͰǰ
Щѱɽ𺣵ıͬӪıǶڴвη塣
Ϊǵкܶȥģս֪ڿѾǾ¶ϲԭ˵ɱУڻſһⶼûеġ
ڿഫģұ㶼ˡ
ҿãǻصӪҲضȲȻѡ׷濤ġ
ϰݱؽţ첽˹
ˣű¶͸ǧֻв
ɫ̫á
ձƣǵĻӪһӪٻ䱸ģҪȥĿǱһʲôãôҲ͵ɡ
Ӫȫǲ
ǶЩʲôɫ
ԼӪߴ׳ʵıΪԼҵ¸еƽ
̹ȥ
䭵Ƿǳƽ͡
ߵׯͷĿյϣ䭺ܿ쿴˱ĹԱǧ
˹ְСǱܡ
λǼӵ۵ĸ
ܳ밲ܿ
£һ·գصóЩ˶ˣѺûȥ
䭿ǧ΢΢ü
ѡȫѡţҪ׼ִλϵȱﵽ180ϣϵ175ϣе170165µ160
ĿЩߣ170ңӦöеȱʼĻӪϵֱӽһȼ
ңЩһƼݸߵͣսοɼһߡ˵Ǵ̣һ·ߵҲҪ롣
ӵۻǲ󷽰Ҳѹָղɫôѿ
˵һ¡
ǰӵ۶ǧ˻ΰš
Ρ
һǧǿɼӵ۵ĸ·ŻɵڱϽ
ڶǧ
ӵѡ˵ڶ֣˵ĸӵİΣģٿȫǰȡжͬʱַֻʽڱ͵ˡ
Ⲣûжĵ䭡
ΣһһȻǿˡ
ЩһͶ·űֵʩշ
һҪʡ̫ˡ
һڴɫܣֻһ䣬ͷˣǩ˽ļ
*
ߺ䭾ͿʼЩı
ûӪϱȥԷ䭰±ټУ
Щ˳էٻǵѵ仰ġ
μ
վϸ̨б
̧̧֣
ɡ
˿ڱľ䭵
գ֪ǶԸģֻû·
⻰һЩ˵Щ
˶Щ죬߸ϵĿȻ˽ǵĴ
ȴҲǲһ¶ѡ
ǼȻ˱ĻӪԱģӽԺҲǵԼˡ
䭼֣ׯ
ܱ֤˶ܻšԱ֤ǸűһֱԵñůÿ쵽ãϹѹե
ᾡȫǿǵǣɱеı£Ǳǰ׻ȥ
ҪģЧұؾʱѵǻӪĹأ治飬λμǣ
һʩµıȴûһ㼤ӡ
䭲һʱ˵Ļ˵ˣǡ
£ȥǣʱ̫䭱ϸһЩ
û﷿׼һ£ЩˮȴЩȥϴɾȥͷ뼸򣬷θǰѰвȿҩš
̰أڽײҲޱƶࡣ
⣬̫ˣ취Ȱ岹бÿ緹һʳһ⣬ѵʱ롣
Уÿ±һ¡
ǡ
ȥ
*
ϣڸɾӪůֺʵ£ԪڴϻΡ
һ㱻ԭӪͬ֯ϴ˸裬ϴ裬ϴͷ˷ּϵлǽů￾ͷ
ȿͷ˱㱻﷿ǱߣʼŶӴ򷹡
ÿﶼܴԲͷһ˻һˣȺģö⣬ҲƮܼͻ
򷹵˵ֻϱǵĳ淹ˣڳԵøء
ҿԸˣЩ̫ھʱ䣬ÿ϶ҪǼһٶһⲹ塣
ڽӪǼ˺ܶͿʣͷСÿͷԼÿֻһĽˣֱر
磬ר˴Ǽ壬üвģ͸ҩׯרӸǰҩ
ĺʴȿͰ
Щϱǿ׳壬ݣԪнһЩϣ
ſûô⡣


10 
׼һ£һ׵ˡ
䭴ׯϻصڶһ磬ȥʵ۴УҪȥˡ
صУ̤ûã߹ˣŸľϻӣ
磬˵ǵǹ˺ӳٽ㡣»͵ˡ
̫ռʱ˵ӵʮŴ飬½Ѿʮ꣬ĸҲȻûһߣϱֻʣ¸߹ò׼飬»Ȼֻ
⻰ѵЩ档
ӳ뾩Ҫ˺ӳٸĪʲôƣֻܵʱٿ
ԼҲûϵ»ģǰˡ
ľϻһһ΢΢ƣһкȵֽ
չӳıɫϸ廨ƣԼǼ֣ͨһǧ
ƱΪ٣ͨǮׯɳ͢裬ȫͨҡһǧ
ʮţܹ
磬߹һԾ̾
߹С֣ȷʵǸܴĿ
ʱִӾô֣һӵͺҼ
ʱ٣һɶͭǮÿǮ˰ǧᣨ1ۺһǧ
ȥôԶĵطΪӣĿҷҲʮᣬҲ൱
ңȻƸۻٺİӣ¹Тĺֺݵ̰٣ⷽҲ̫ࡣ
Աֲ̣ۻĲƲҲЩһġ
ӣ˵ȫ˽ˡ
ĶȴԼ
Ʊ»һţ飬ȴ˼־ԵЩҡ
ɽˮԶ֪ǷܵüΪģֻЩˡؼգף¡
̶̵ļ֣ȴ䭷·𿴵ӡ
αءĴûκ˵Ӧ֪˳λ֮Ͷûκǰ;ˡ
ûôˣûһԱ͸ô
⼸ƮƮֽȴгġ
ɵͷ
˵úأȴЩ¡
ľϻӣݸ߹
ú
˷⡣
Ϊͷȷʵԣ
Ϊ˷ֹңҲ伫
ӷǸݾλмٵǧȵĻھʱԼҪһǮͷԺ󣬱ǻԼȫˡ
Ϊͷ൱ǷּˣǿرǷֵõļҲʹָֻͣʳ˰գһһҪϽ͢
Ѽӵ۵ʹ;ͱˣηַ⣬ƹ涨İҷƷûõκζ
˵ԭЩҵףҪõǧҪǻȽϳġ
úܾϸӣҲǧһˡ
֪ĴԲŻôֱʵǮ˻ȥֻ˸ġ
*
ʣТԶȥǧ֮⣬㲻߾Тˣ壡
䭱ߵףϵļӵ۴У˵ų滰
ӵҲһӣ
ȥɣ·СЩ
ٴߵף뿪˴
ԶȥӰӵ΢΢һ˫۾
ӣӵĺʵûκλȥǧӱҲûκο˼
ûжʹҲȫ̽ܣҪһƶķأ˳λ֮ˡ
ǣвĵҫ
û˿ŪԺȫˡ
ƿȫ֣Ȼúýѵӡ
֮ǰҲԲˣĻᡣ
ھͷּ´طͬʱдһǵĿأмĶ
вľٶֻԼһ˰Ӽּפھǰ߷ʱԽ͵ظɱ
·;ຮѣǧǹƾֻʣһ룬һǧ˶Ҫ׾١
䭷ɳԼġ
*
˹ǣڰɫĿϣǰлӿʹӸ棬һٶˣƺƵسȥ໤Ǵׯϳֱڹٵϻϡ
ֿȣ뾩ʱȴһ͡ӡ
Ϊ˺񸮣ﱸӾͷ񣬱Ҫһ͵ġ
磬ɽ·Զһ·ء
⣬֣صسһҾ
䭵ͷ
Щʱˡȥ֪ټҲء
һڴźıԶӵĹٵȥ
ӿȥıӰ˿
̫ӵ±Ȼȥʻ
ʵϣʱ䣬̫ӺλֳʱӾͷ׼ˡ
ݣʹͣԼǲ޿ᾭ֡
ԣģͷβǱȫûκζʹ͡
ȥеʱ򣬸Ȼûʲôıʾ
ȫʵǰĲ롣
أӦúһǰʷйء
ǴΣӦʲô£ױʶˡ
ʸ棬Ҳ˵Ϊ˲ӵ̫ķôԼַȥ
֪𰸣̫ӶӦóװ˰ɡ
ʵϣҲ˿
λ˫ȫԭǸУ˵á
*
ʱĳУֵ¿վ밲ľ¥¥֧ȥķ
ǶͿӰˣȻľƵǸš
Ӵö䣬ɵһԳݵ·ֻʣһѹͷƵġ
ֵ¿̵ֳ֮ĵؿ
Ĳûãٴˣǻȥɣ
죬һͲˡ
ʹˣһͲಡ齴£ǰŸ˺ôһȦҲǳáּ¶òˡ
һ̾תŶӵ¥ȥ
ŸƤͷһֳ֣һᡣ
ӱǸױѪ뱧ڡһߣ׾͸˾һһӾͿˡ
߻ฮ˵ݸһ״ĺӺһš
̫үոģ
̶ֳʱԼԭͬһ̲ľҵϣͻȻһӾż
ù
ֶǺӴ򿪣һľᣬһŷʱԷ
ǷţչֽûһݺᣬȴЦ
ããϷһҪ꣬ң
˵ţϧذֽԼ
ڶϣֳ̱ԼԺűȣŹֶ
˵ȴܲ˵һƣӵ۵
ʲôֶϹ˵ǿϷ򻭵Ϸǿ֮ЧϹҽģ
ֳҲ磬ô˵˻òˡ
*
Ŵӵ뿪곤ĻӶϲġ
û죬㷢һ¡
̫ҹ˵߹г壬Ӱֹˡ˲֮ˣ޽ؽ֮ãѾȥУ֮ѡ
һ˵Ϣ֪Ϊλھǵͼ̨ӵ۵ݽ˹飬ʵ۽¼
л˵
1ĵıƣ˰۵ȣοΡ⣬ʱĹ˰գǮֻһ֣ݣƥ֮ġ


11 
ͼĹ鱻½ӴĹԱݽ˼ӵۣټͼߵϢܿڳҰ󹬴
ԾõӮҾ籾ôû뵽Լǧ谮Ȼٴα˺׵ơ
̫³©ǴǺпܻӦͼ׵ġ
ôһʱңϽȥ
һͻŻŵµ
ĸͼ˹飬ָҪȥףô찡
⻰Ϊ𾪣
Ϣͨ㸸ϢŶãѾѹˣ
Ҳ֪ڵô죡ʹҡͷջ̫ǰǳԶ˳ŵģõô궼û⣬ôͻȻˣ
˵ˣӰֹôǲ˵ǰҰֲƫƫҪͱֵ߱뻻ˣ︯壬иʿǣ
˵˵ţ˿ǻ
һͷߣ
أĸҲҪ޸ͼ
סķӶûУֻ񣬻ڲԭƯԶҲëѪҰˣŮūŮˣҲҪ޹ȥҼ޹ȥһģ
޵øγϡ
ı
ûû£¶ˡڻûأ㸸ʲһʹӦ
ȴҡͷ
ûˣĽ㶼ˣİòž꣬ʵ̫С޳ȥЦģֻˣ
˵ţ֪뵽ʲôе
ĸȥ󸸻ʣ̫¸Ŀڣ˵õİֶϴˣֺܼԲӰֹˣ
ΣԲȥ׵Ʒ
ʲôĶǷ⽨ţκӰ죬Ϊɣȥ׶ȥСʵ̫ˣ
֪ӵ䭰еĽףɰԱԹ
¶ɫ
㸸Ѿּܳ
ʱ޵øˣ
أ磬ʺĸһ涼һھôøɸɾ
˵žҪȥײǽӡ
Ůǿ־ݣǼ˵ĻĶҪˡ
ֻôһһŮĸͷ⣬ƽĵ۵òˣοʱҪҪ
æס֤
¶¶ĸһ취ģȥһȥģ
ְŮ䣬ҴʰԼ˸㲵ױݣȥ
ѭ浸أӲԽ׳һȴͷһôģЩ־Ĺһȥʵۡ
ʱͬգ¹Ů£ҵ
ȻҪǵձС鶨ˣûлˡʱҪŮиôʹ
*
ӵ£ȴҲͼǷݹ顣
˵̱˽
֪Ϊʲô£ҲӾܶ
԰׵ݣĵĿ⣬ӵв̣ȴǵ
̣֪Ϊʲô¡Ҳ᲻ǵŮΣʵΪѡǰ֪ͼ¶ǰСָѾ׵ϹָҪ¶ϺȢƴǱ˵ȥˣ
ΪʵѾǿڣ뱣ѺùϵͼֺصĶӣͳˮĲ䣬һ֧ǿ׳òӵ
⻰ʱ
òʱĬᣬ滨꣬ͣҲȻ۵С
ӵ֣ߣ
ģ޻¶ļױһ齭ϵķʳأǧ㷿ڶūͣʹҲһܹúܺõġ޳־
׵Ĺɴû˭ܴôȥʳصġ
ȴҡͷһһߵ
Щ֮ǲں֪¶ղ˵ʲô˵Ҫףɸɸɾڹߣ£ּĻ벻Ѱ̼
ӵšü
¶ô˵
ĵͬʱҲԼһ˿Լǲƽʱ̫Ů˲֪ˡ
һֱֱ̣ǰˣߵΣ̧ͷݵ
£һûʲô£ֻһֻҪ¶ܴھǣƽ˳عһĳʲôԲҪˡ
ͨ꣬δй˴񡣶ңΪŮҸС
ģݲĽȨƣֻô
ôίӵšʹ۵ذ
̣㲻ˣ޴Ӧǣ
µȷܶ鷳
ôܵίѾˣ֪Ůôܻ֮ʹ
һߣ£ΪϵĵΪİŮһֺη
־㲻ҲΪСºʹս
ˣһЩǮưǡ
ǣڶСᣬӵ飬ܾͼϵ󣬲ҵĶŮΪ͹ͼͼ̨ұʾ͹ΪԶشغ߹ļױ
׹ǴļױΪ͸ʵǸҵġ
£˼ͼֺأɵѰ̨֮ǲͻǵĹˣŮضԹߣ
ʷధ
ةҲ¿
򲻿һ˽Ӱ
֪谮ضΪάų²ߣкǲ
ӵȴһУ
Ѿ䲻Ȱ
˵˦뿪˴ֱһɴĬĬҡͷ
ӵȨأǬٶϣҪҲҸŸɡ
Ͼ˵Ҳûô𺦵Լҵ档
ҵĻǴƽﾤҵҵΪ°£ΨһŮȴҪȥס
ںͼֵòȥףοɼһߡ
*
ѣ
µڱʹߵԺﴫ졣
͸֧ĴȥζΪŨأõʮֻһüĿʮָ׳ڴ
FձñʹľսعţҲԣŭ𲨼Լϡ
̨ͼ
̫
һ̨һ߷ҰԵŭ
죬ӵʵ۵ּ⣬ûӦ¼һŮͻ
ʮֵֻּ̨һǱͻŮȢȫǻʵ۵Ů
ֱֵб˳Ц
ŭԼ̽һϢ
Ĵ󳼱ͬģһ޶ϵϴӦӵ۲żܾס
һʼͶΪ⣬вԭŮӵĿʣԭŮӵǼӵ谮Ĺôר֮Ů
ңʱӦԼ棬˵ԺҪǻ֣źΪһֿ֡
֪ضġ
ֻԭŮӿķǣŻ˵Ҫ޸ֻѡ
ﲻţֻԼȥ׷ͬʱŴӵ۰ʾ
ȴû뵽ӵûдͻ͸һλ
вȴ޷üӵջּ⣬ֻ¡˭֪ûþͽӵһ˵ţھǶһʱ䣬ضҵٴȢ
Žɣû뵽Ȼȵᣬλϲ߹ֳ⣬ͻȡˡ
ΣûԥֱϽ˹飬ŵһͷţƱȢ
ǱףֻдϷǮƣֻҪԻ
ġ
ôҲû뵽ռӵۻһŮĳ
вﲹΣ˳ȴȢǵĹֳΪЦ
뵽ԼڵӣԼԼŴ׵ĵ̬ͼɫܵγˮ
һŪڹ֮
ȲֺαŴòôĳ
Ŵ̨ⷱͤ¥ͼݺݵȭͷ
һ죬Ҫ̤ƽⷱĶǣǼӵ۵ĽɽǵŪ΢ŮūҪ¿ģ


12 
ǼӵСĵܵܣ֮ҵʱ򣬴ᣬĸҲԣֻͶһõĸ硣
ĶˣͶļӵ۵ǻλˡ
ǣ˾Ǹӵ۰һʼ˿λִӿң˽ϵһҲʱзʹͣǰһһڻˡ
ԺԱּʱ򣬴ԼǵĶŮ½İ͹ǣʥּȫɵˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻôһجĽϡ
̱˹ȥ
ĸ͹æϥйȥסĸף¸׵ѡ
عĴֽӹʥּ
ּл¡
Ȼ͹ﲻˡ
͹ĸ׽ŮԼ˸װƱĺɰ˸ּĺֳּϣżֲźۼֺã
ˣĸ֮ǰ岻ʣէһϢϲ£
÷鼫ãټѣҲû檡
ǰܶ꣬˶ֻһŮ֧Ż
ΪˣŮĽΪģʱϵҲ
Ϊˣ͹ףλʲǸؿ֮ˡ
ҲֳܱԹ޲򲻵û飬ӵ۵
ԼʹһССĺֳּҲҪСĶԴôȥôĻ
һôǿȥдּԱ
ɵԱһߣ§Ůޡ
ҵĶôô࡭ôôݵİֻһŮҪ޵֮ء
͹ĸ׵ĺ󱳰
ΪֻһŮǿĹ
֪뵽ʲôͻȻƿеվ
㸸ǱصֵܣȥָּҪ޹ȥ
͹ҡҡͷ
ûõģʥּ£
ҧ
ȥҪǲӦҾ͵ڹſڣһӵģܲܰѵϱ
˵ţ͵ײײߣȻж
͹Ϊĸ׵ľʹľס
ĸɣ侲㣬븸ܵܣѾأΪһȫң
Ҳ뵽ԼɷЩжôףڻʵ°ǺСشĦʥģټѲߵһ
ʵ֪ԼڹſڣҲ޷ûʵջسֻǺ
ʲôҲֻŮȥס
ȥ
άȣʲôҲûáشҪʹȥ
͹ĸ׿޳ô˲Լģæĸױסı
ĸûµģܼ޵ҶúûšҪ滵壬Ϊܵܺ͸룬𣿡
͸еܵܶúõģֲе
ֹס˿͹״ֵ
аԶмǧǱƶģ⿿ǲеģðҺú׼һ¡
⻰еżƿ
ԣҶû뵽Щǵúú׼ЩȥǱܿࡣ
͹ֳûҪ
ĸҽܵܵʦһ䡣

ŮӼҵģô赶Ūǹ
͹
ĸԭҪŮ꾲磬ԭϵŮܡߣҲҪ״Ԫֻǿ壬ȥ˲ԭϣҲûô
ܴܵСԺֺܳܳġ
ּȻѾ׼Ҳ˵ҪꡣʱӦ㹻ʱ΢һЩˡ
⻰˵˴ǰŮҪȥˣֲھ˵˼ңôʲô
ֹúЩѧѧʲôء
ã㸸ҽȥ㰲š
˴ּԱĴ߻ĸŮ˵һ̣ȫûȥİŮ
ſŮĻ絶ʣǶô£С֪ĸ
ȴҪʵȥס
δ˿̰ʹǸ߸ϵļӵۡ
ʵ۳谮̨ǵĹͳŮȥֵĴȫ֮
ɼʹˣʵҲִҪǶ
ʵ۾ҵҵصôĹȴҲʵ۵һ˿
ΪΪ⡣ɱɺޣ

£ǰǿˣѾȥ֪ͨأ
ӵһСӳڴȥǰ̽·󣬻
΢΢ףǹӡһµİ棬ѾߵǾڡ
ȻһСʱǰԭҰϣһΡĵĳǳء
˵Ρ룬뾩ȱ̫Զˡ
ָ֮пΪ·أϡ٣سҲСҲʮ䡣񿴵ԴЩĿǣԱȱ
ǳͷһЩŶӽǣǶ֮⣬һСڵȴʲô
֧飬ԶԶӭ
䭴żǰΪ׵ĴŹٷҲǰҾ
ǿةӦͤμ£һ·࣬΢ȥۡ
䭺ؽԷ˼䣬»ȴܲˡ
ڿة˵½ǰةһ·ְųеһ͵˿⣬˵Ϣջׯ˲ᡣ
⿤ةһߣ»̲ס
ǿؼֱ񣬿ݵȻӭֻ˸ةͰǴˣ
⻰һָʹҲ¶ŭɫ
̧̧֣
ˣС£Ƚ١
һİˣǷӭ治⣬ط£Ҳ͸¶һЩϢ
طĹϵ΢߻ӣǶѹ磬ѹ硣
һ˵طٲһʼ˰̽úȷԷǸӣŸ
⿤һʼֻ˸޿֣
ĵ޷һʼѾ֪˼ӵ۵̬ȣ϶ȫʧơ
ûв´Ļӵ۱ضǵּ⿤ؼ
ܷϼӵ۵硣
Щͷһһת䭱ȥ߹ڶŴ
һ·С࣬дУһֱչţûʲô󲡡
ʱȴͷʲô
ôˣ
߹ҡͷȴû˵
䭾òԾǿ
̧ͷ
߹ֻ̧ͷ
һ̧ͷ䭱һ˫۾ͨͨģỹһֱµֹֹס
ʲôﲻ𣿡
ʵ
߹ҡҡͷ
ûУ硭ֻǾãΪңôҲڵƶķ
һ·ľ鲻ѡ
ǿʵ̫ƶˣʺϸֵ٣ĵﳤĲݶƻû˿Ҳ࣬·һسǺС⿤Ҳǻ˵ģһ·ûİա
ĵطն˰ԺӸжô׽⡣
⸮ۡҲ˼ªȲϾǵ
ҭҭطжƶ񤣬䭲ʧЦ
ԭ⼸Ʋ־ĥءģѡҵĿԲ˿ġԹԻȥϢɣСС͵ģô¡
˵ţʰݣ߹ȥϢ
˵չ
ơطк
ļ򣬵
ԺˣܲǸűԿġ
˵ţֵ
ȥ»ЩǮû﷿ȥһǧǸ»ʳԸȥԺÿĻʳ׼;ʱͬ
УƺһҲΪصƶ񤷢ȻͷԣȴǰĻȥˡ
һ·ĻӪǣ˽ָǰھǵһӦȫ˸߲
ÿԼĸλæµţҲ鷿ŴֽĬĬػǰĵͼͷӦλãԴȷһҪ顣
ѡǣȻϹѡģΪиںܴʯ
ԭԴ˲ǰٷְƶġ
ǵ·ϣһ·ĵεòǰ˶ԱȣȫһһǺϡ
ǿԺصزɼһЩݲ˲鿴Ȼзʯᾧȫ
ҩھսеĵλôҪÿһִ˶֪ȴûʽҩ
˻ҩ˵ǿĻҩŤתԭʿơ
ʯǻҩꡣ
ȻŹδ˷ֵıء
Ȼʯζž˴ģɱҪΪǵףǿӳҩһЩ
ԣҲǱյһԴ
һƬص˽⣬ٶıֵؽϣкü󣬻úͭ
⣬ıֲԭܶطȫҪأﶼø߲
ڵǸ֪أǱء


13 
ةӦͤӿһȥ㱻˹ȥ
Ǹ¿ϽأΪةӦͤǴƷ٣Ʒȼһ룬һ֣Ϊ¹٣ӦͤȻλ˵ĳЩΪʱȴҲòֳֹ
õԺ䣬רһ鷿żżܣȫľƳɵģõ൱ţΪؽӼ˵ĵط
ˣ
ӦͤŶڸߴ鰸Ŀ˿أпصĸʦү
һͰӣָָĿӣ
Ӧͤ
̵ĳʦү˱裬رֱʵ
ռˣΣ
Ӧͤԭ»Щͷٿǣȴȥӭӣ֣һΪͲ
ȫû뵽ǳºͣȫȫûΪ˼
Ӧͤʵ
·ǣȴº͡¹ٽм͵˵뿪ˣ޲֮⡣
Щϸڣرȥˡ
ߺ󣬿ʳʦү
ʦү㿴Σ
ʦүɽ
̣֮˵źȴǧС
Цһм
ǧûδ֪ء
ʧ˵۳豻ˣֲָֻܴһ˰ĸ˰ж㻹˵ӷЩأ
ǳ͢˺ŵƶ֮أҪһ븳˰ҲòǮġ
ʦүȴǵ
Ƕ̣͵ׯϽô°ò£ǵȥׯסġ쳤վõģһЩ֪Щʲô֪ġ
Ϊʶÿ丮ǵĽиʮĶһĶׯӵġҪЩ߲˹Ϲá
ϽѵõĳƵĵط˻ׯҲһ顣
ڵʱׯӱɿظ
⻰üͷ
⵹ȷʵǸ
Ƭ̣
˸ӣ˵Ҫӷ磬͹⡣
*
ӵظ뺯΢Щ⣬֪ĿأΪʲôͻȻ̬ȡ
һľ٣ԺҪദܶԷ«ʲôҩȥһ̽
磬ڿظլ˿ˣ֮ǰĿةƹܱĿξԼܵ
ȨƵһһãǹ񼫸ߵˡɫòãҲĵġ
һ̤˱վ̬úǹ
Ǹ
£ǶԲסչæûӭղŵÿΪӷ磬¹ټƽϣ
ɫʮֳϿҡЩٳϵ˶Ϸ֣Ҳ˵ʲô
䭲ÿɷص
Ҫزؽ黳
Ʊյ͸裬һ϶Ϊ֡
ȻƲ˸趼ûʲô˼Ҳġ
ѵÿļԱһã۲ദܿ¡
磬λܵĿةƺЩȺ
⼸ԱΨհġ
Ȼλڿеٹ̣ڣһ˺Ѷҡͳεġ
ⳡῤҪģ
ԺһСʱЩɺҪϯˣر̵
¹
ʶȤظˡ
䭿óǿлҪ˵Ҳߡ
Ȼ˶뿪Ժ󣬿ؽ뵽£ŵ
ձ˵Ҫׯӵ˲ᣬԳԺȺȵĵЩǡ
˵ţһϻӣһ˱ݸ䭡
ׯӵѾϽ⣬ӽ꿪ʼвСҲ
䭲Ϊʲô˵£Ҳ׷ֻз˲ᣬѸǰʮҳ
Щׯӵĸſ˽ˡ
֮͸ֲĵطܹһĶ۲ôһ˵ȫǱˮн𲻵ʲôá
˲һߣȿġ
ؼ˵λҲˣֱӵ
¹ţǧ֮пǰò°ɣ
˿þȣͷ
ǰ̫࣬ȷʵ
һΪӣ
¹Ҳ֪ѴΪǡ
СڶиĶׯӣǿ뿤ûôˣƽʱҪĶ϶һĶЩ
ֵģĶҲ͵ׯӲ

һ
ǸǿԸֵأʯͣķȻϽҪʯġ
ȴ
һĶĶ̫Կˡ
شżǫ
ģ͵¹Т¡
¶Ķı飬ȴȻ׵ƴǣ
ⲻ̫ðɣûׯϹء
رһøӵ
²˿ʵ¹ôҲ˽ģ¹СӻׯҲϽׯڣûһЩ
Ȼ״
ˣǱ㲻ˡ
ϻĵ
ǿһ󹦸ɵԵģ΢ӡ
λΪնʩǰס˰
ȻĶׯӣôô򷢡
һĻ̥ļһһ£ڵȥġ
ԷôȥϽҸʱȥ﾿ʲôɸ˵ܡ


14 
֮ǰҪǰǧӪٺá
֮ģصǽ׬Ǯճˡ
ĻӪ˳ɼ1-500֮䣬ƽÿÿҪ700ģ3000һ25200ᡣ
ǾãľӶǳԴסȫġ
Եķ棬ʳÿÿҪһķݶ70һʮ30һļ۸㣬ÿÿװ1Ҫ6.5Ǯ
⣬߲ҲǱرġÿÿ߲˻Լ2Ǯһ˵⣬𾩳ǣǵҲˣ30һÿÿ10ġ3000ÿܹҪ18067.5ᡣ
·
·ʱͨռǹƷܶƶգһܹҲͼ·
ģⷽȻǲܿ
ĸףǵˡ·һķѴȻҪøʵ
ۣÿƽ250ҪģһİҪ1200ģ3000ÿڷװϵĺķѱﵽ5850ᡣ
ټ׺ΪԭͱãʱҪáҪãһͨľ3-5ᣬһټ500ģҲһʼĿ
˵Ŀ
һƥ˿˶٣Ҫάֺõ״̬ÿĲݣϣǶιһÿƥ25ϡӼĺ˵ģһʮƥһĻ3750ᡣ
һ˵һ䱸Ӧ2-3ƥʵԶҪǾ͸ˣһƥеƷҲðʮᡣ
ԣĿǰǧӽĿÿĺķѶ52867.5ᣬϴСľøڹڷʹͣҪﵽᡣ
⣬ǧӾԶ;浽ǣճ͢ÿ10İҷҲٲ˵ģܼᡣһؾͱ뷢ŵġ
ȥׯϰٵʱ򣬻ðӪկٲһtֺ̨أҲô򼸿ھԹӪȡˮܼһҪġ
һˣԼ߹ãάֿĸºܽʡһҲٲ˵ġ
֧˾޴ȴٵÿ
ƶ񤣬Ǵ˺ŵǰõĻƽ˰1.2ᣬϲƥݵ룬ƥ3000ƥʳ10000ʯһٽ)
Ǿм1300һƥʳûм۸صĵȣȫɶ࣬ӣСһ๹ɣ۲25ġ
¼ϲƥʳÿҲ2ᡣ
ȲϾǸһأٵס
ʾǱ֣ɺ˿ʧ֮ĸ˰ٵ÷ǳ
2õһ룬Ҳ1ᡣ
ӵ֮˸ɴַͬ⵽ǿǧҲΪˡ
ӵۺܿ϶ļҵ׸ǧ̫á
ֶƣҲ㹻ڴ˴
ĴǵϧͿչײıҲΪǵ˰
ԭµļҵۺ23ᣬҷ10ᣬټ2Ʊۺ6ᣩǹʹġ
Ҳһֱɽգʳ۸ƥһģһֻսңἱ̫ġ
ңҲһֱǧʱ
ԣɽˮǰܵļҵ
ƶ񤣬Ŀǰҵ׬Ǯġ
Ҫ¸취ĻǺڳԺڡ
ڴ£ڿǵĵͼд㡣
ӶϷǵ·ϣǹᴩ࿤ڣһٶɽ
ʷ˵ɽжˡ
һռ֮ɽ˵ûмˣǲŵġ
Щ˾µ̾۵ĲƸ൱˵ġ
˷˼ܷ¸츣գֲΪ
*
صУ䭱̽˶Ӫָʹ鼳
鼳һٲʮֶ·̽ɽկעⲻɴݾߡһ
ȻҪͨˡ
һ·۲죬һλӶͷĶӪָʹ൱
ǣ鼳Ӧŵ˳ȥ
ܸоǴдġ̽ϵش£ȥѾڿϺˡ
ǰ£ڿеĵλȻһ¥
ôܳڰһǿӪĹģҲض
ӪѾӪȴһֱӪָʹУûߵĹߡǶӪӪӪָʹͷǰ涼и֣ԺٴεӪָʹλãԽʸϵ࣬ȻǵùѫС
ÿνɵĲ£ǻᡣ
䭹ɫ֪ʲô
ϽĲŻĵذ£Ǻ¡
Ϊ˱ԺʧϽ쳣ȻҲܲܣֽ࣬һӪɼıͨյȥϽׯӸǷʲô쳣
Щڶ䭱ˣȥ˶ׯӲ쿴Ա㻭ͼֽ޽Ӫկ
ׯ뿤ֻʮأܹܿȥҲȷʵǱȽϷֵġ
ʱ£ǿʼСʱ򣬵Ѿе軧ʼأ׼и֡
һˣɵúפۿ
Դˣ΢΢üĶأС͸ִһСࡣӪصأǳƽڽԸ֣ʵڲһ¡
ѹӪѵһ£Ҳ
һʿ
ЩĶصĵ軧ҪнԼ⳥
ׯͷ˲䭷Ը
ܿ죬һͷ˱Ϲˡ
ׯͷҲׯӵĵ軧ÿ¶һЩǮסׯϣֵصͬʱլԺ͹ء
ͱׯӵѾ˷ַ⵽˵Ŀ
˵Ҫ˲ᣬλׯͷԵЩ飬˲󣬱㲻ϲ
֪ƽʱضŪ£ȴҲ⣬˲ᣬܿׯӵĲ˽⡣
ׯϳһСֲֵ߲˹ϹЩٶĶضֵġ
С֣ƶĶԸһЩһĶشܲһʮСĲһĶһٽҡ
ϰִĸ߲ٿ֣Ǿõ͵˷ָ
ʵϣƫϱߣֵľǸҲûö١
⼸ɣ
ׯͷ
ɣҪǻҪׯϳũߣӺ͸ţټɡ
ôͣȴߴ߳ɣҪ͢˰ʱİգʵǼѡ
и̾ȴԣֻƽطԸ
ȥе軧
ߵıسȥȡǮ
һʱеĵ軧ȫۼ˹
ܹʮˣˣȫסڸĻӴĴ
䭾ĻıȣҪݺܶ࣬ɫҲܻƣϲء
ڿǵͬʱĵ軧Ҳڹ۲׵ˣźɫƤ멣ʮֲ˲ֱӡ
ٿվñֱģϱŴ󵶵ĸ׳ǸҴһ
ׯͷǳ
ׯӵ£ү񣡡
ү
ǶʱһôҲû뵽ƧȻһλү١
һׯӵˡ
Ҫ¹򣬱үص
λڲض񡣡
սиλҪǸ˵һ£ӽׯӱŲãٳ⡣
⻰ʮʱֲ̿ѣͨһǰ
ү
Ⱥ
Ҳſͷһ߿ͷһߺ
λл˵
аɣ̫ΪʲôԼһ仰˻̿֡
֪ܿ˴𰸡
Щһۺᣬధ
үջسǾͲ
ⶼѾǴʱˣͻȻѵջȥǾû·ˣ
үкãҪջصأҲһհɣôеȥѰµأ
꣬һ̾
ԭֱջأκ⳥ǵķӦǳ̬
λõƣÿĶҶᰴȥĶһĲ㹻ʱȥµء
Ƕʱסƺĺ·һŷ׷׼ͷл
үȱ
лү
䭵˸дֵĻܿ콫⳥ָ˵軧ǡ
軧һֵǮȻƽճɵ࣬ǲֵأҲÿԣࡣ
ϲѣ߸˵ػȥˡ
һ۵ڻӴĵ軧˵ֱܴһꡣ
軧һȥͰֱϷﴫˡ
׷ȥĴʱҲµ̸Ĵꡣ
ûãӱ㴫ˣӴ帽ׯһλүˣһرʴȣرգҪջׯŲãȻ˵軧һճɡ
*
䭵ǲЩС£˵軧ǣﻮӪկ
ĿǰҪľƽһɹǧ˲ĴУΪ˽͹Щѡƽĵط
ׯԭֻжʮ䷿Ӫǿ϶õģֻܷľޡ
ԭеӪϣҪ޿ɹǧ˾סķӣÿסʮ˵Ĵ̣ͨҲһʮ䣬ʱǸ󹤳̣һʱɵġ
⣬ô򾮣޲t¥Χդֶ࣬Ҳɡ
ǧ˲ܶӪأǴСá
˹滮䭱㽫ӪӪָʹˡ
񣬵һĻӪٹȫǨƵһԭʱӪ
⣬Ը
ȥӪڵǧ໤мпˡĩȵʮСӣΪ޽Ӫճºٴνпˣʮ򽵵;úһӦ
·һ£Ӫ·϶Ϊɢڽ˷ǰȸǽƤ
죬ǸʱţӽѵĻᡣ
ϢﵽӪʱһƬ
·һ£˭ǵѵ顣ɿѾʱĻʮӽΪ
ճռݣûôʱѵȵһֿ˵ʱ򣬱Ȼ󡣵ʱ򣬿ɾҪʹˡ
Ĵôã˭Ըⱻء
ǶӳǶԱǣϽ֯չѵϡ
˵ˣһ壬һپһƽձעϣսʤĹؼ
ͷҲһţԴϴи֣һʱԼҶʮСӣӰԼɾͲˡҲϽѵ
һʱ䣬ӪıǶ˿յأȻѵ
*
ʱܿһζ
ڼ䣬䭻ׯϵӪع滮ͼ
鼳ڱֵļһΪÿʵʱ֪ĹȣҲһѵ鱨˻
һѷͽٶˣǿ׳ռſǶϷһɽͷʱŸĴׯСɱٰܣ޶Χİտ಻ԡ
֮⣬ǻʱϱ̵̩й·̶ӶҪǽѡ
ɽ࣬еĲƸȴ٣ս飬ȴҲǿʺϸЩûѪĲ֡
ⱱϣһҪֱ汱ģôȴЩʼϤ˷ϵ˵Ŀ־壬ġ


15 
οˣõӶսϰķʽľͿϰףɫĻҷۣλõ·岿λϱԷľ˱̭ӡ
⣬ϱһӪˣ±ĶӪһ𿼺ˡ
ÿӳǩӵĿţȻһһΪֶ飬뵹ڶţ뵹ţԴơ
һֶսɸһСӡ
ʤǲСԴ˷սֱѡǰʮСӡ
ʧܵһ֣Ҳսһֱ֣ѡҪΪʮӡ
ǰʮĶ飬ڿǰжԱĴȫһȡ
ΪҪо˽ʱˡ
ǰʮĶ飬䭽еǰӳ㿼ͭơ
ɫ㣬Ŀضǵ
ǽյıֲ²ǳʳһɰθһȣǸõרľ
ǵĵһ㿼ͭƣڴǵСӽøͭơʱпȱӳͷλãȴͭƶĶѡˡ
⻰ʱڱͦţĳȣ¶һҲһҪõͭƣȡסһȵĴ٣
֮ǰ˵ģǳվס˽ţӳϵӪٴأ
һֽ֣ٸΪıǰ
οȻˣΪζ޻صСͷһγΪֻÿӵһѵʱ䡣λ֪ܶ£ջعУ
˵꣬䭱˷ַÿӳһɫĲÿԱԼϵ첲ϣʾ֮
ԭҶһıԼȴ˵һȵԺֻܸԶ
Լ첲ϵĲжʮ裬¾ĽһҪץĻúò´ο˱ժĲ
мĶ鿴ͷβȻͬĴҲ˽ȸС
Ҫǲúѵ´αʮĶϣɵһģɾͳԼ
ɨڶɫ֪ԼĿѾﵽˡ
ӪָʹȥӪأ䭽һӪǰʮӣӪǰʮӵĶӳ⻹ѡʮмĶӣǵĶӳҲ
ʮӵˣټǵһν˷˵ȫԱ
ʮӳָӹ٣ԱϤ飬κսƻ
̽ӻرʮˣǵǵ
ӳһɧ
ǲΪӣ
ҪΪٱУʮˣһжսĺˡǱҪӭս׼
֣ӳǶʱɫ䣬һʼηǡ
֪ԶǴٱӰ
ֱֵսսŰܣʱǧܴ˵Ĺپôٱеòսʤ
֮ȴɽ֣Ҫ𲽽ģ˷ֿ־塣
࣬ǳ
ǲɽ棬ȴû־Լ룬ƽĶսôսʤ𣿡
ӳһ㶣漴ǿǾӪʵսϰģȻȷʵҪռЩƣֻҪϸؼ󷨣нֹҲʱܰġ
һһӵϣϵˡ
ôһ룬˵ɫ˲١
Ҫ״̬ȲɹֽҲܹη塣̬ģսӣܵȡʤ
ָǽսƻμԼСӵְȻȥϢ
ڶ죬䭱㼯еĽ˷˳Աʦᡣ
ȻЩѾӶӳ֪Լڶ콫Ҫȥɽн˷ˣҪ˷ˣҲҪʦġ
䭽˸˵ʿȻɫؽЩɽΪһ顣
ʱķͽȫִӾ嵨ٸƶһȺɥʧԵҰޡ
ǳ˳ȺӵϮЩԣĴׯɱˣҪ£һǳҹȥܴĸ˽һ˼ҵŮȥ
ǵÿγ֣Щ޷֮ͨռͥĶ֮֡
ЩԭƵƶգͶ·ѣҲһ޹
ΪҪͶ״ģͽΪͬҲһֱǶ޴ʩӣأЩҲѪ뱩ɥʧԡ
˵ڷķͽһմ޹ߵѪ
ӪıƶͨյĿȻܸͬܡͷʿѶЩɽ˺޵
䭴ʱվ
ʿǣ汾ǣǽļ԰֮У˵ļҾѾڴˣи˵޶Ůڴ˰ҵϣԼ޶ĸҲЩɽ˽ӣɢҵ𣿡
ϣ
±ظ
ôǿɸ汾һ̤ƽկΪ
ǵ˶ụ̂һ̣ǱгҪɱƴľ
һΣΪ˽԰İսΪܺĿѪڡ
һͣ
̤ƽկΪ
Ҳź
̤ƽկΪ
̤ƽկΪ
һʱʿǡ

һؿʼɽ
ȻǱפڶѾֻʣʮԶˡ
ɽǰڿҧһ֦;вκ˵
˭֦䷢Υ۴ɱ顣
ɱڣû˸Ҳ¡
ƽºͣҲǶɱȨˡ
ظĸСӳѾ֪λֻһ档Ǻͬʮġ
˶ȥˣɽŵ֦ñڻܲɽǲǵĿ
һϢس´կկӽ
һʱ˱Ѿ´կ¡
´կɽһɽϣӸ£ʮ㡣
ĵƣѹȻǲӲƴġΪҲûнҹ͵Ϯ
ʱ緹ʱ䣬ɽկľԲߣһսΪɫСֶαװεˣǰȥϢɱկſڵļռկſڵλãկӵűϣһеģһɱ
ٻʱµе֦źųǰȥ
һʱ졣
Ƭ̣˾ӣt¥ϵ˴еϮ
󵱼ңһӹٱɱˣ
ɽආãҵڳ緹Ĵ󵱼Ҷҵ˻㱨
ʲô
˴󾪡
ôܣǹپ˷ˣش˴ôûţҾɵص


16 
󵱼ҵϣһµ
ȳȥ
༸Ҳ˳ȥ
һȥȻഩŹپʽټսµıѾɱ˽һߵɱµආ
ŸʲôõЩյĹپ󵱼ҴһŴ󵶾ͳȥ
ɽҲͻĽлعʼȫֿ뷴
ɽǱȲרҵѵͻȻٵϮͽһʼףûд󵱼ҺźǰֿʶûУֻʶկͷܡ
ֻӴܵİܱȻǱͷĻӪ쵶նո
һߵľƲûг̫ãɽҲܿ
ʱӪĴ󲿶Ҳկ
֯ùı
ʱƽյѵЧֳˡ
ҪнֹӦĹĵ̱仯󷨣Թĵн
Ե浶ǹķ빥ͨһ˲ҲЩҵģһϤĹĵ㣬ʶ˷Ӧ
ѵЧʱǱܿĸǣսࡣ
ֻᵥɽˣµսȻӪͨǿȴҲܲסȫλأһ˺ܿ쵹˻ǵĵ¡
ԽԽķͽո󵱼ҵ˼ƲϽܡ
ЩǣϾɵԴڿϵĹʱԼһ·ǵһЩϸ̾Ϳ·
˭Ҳ˲ָ˭塣
󵱼ˣ
֪˭һ䣬ͽҲ׷ܡ
ʱٴλģıĵ㣬ڴĻ׼D
׳¨Ϊ׽ѳխڣöƳìϣٶȣһٶȱƣʹʧȥ˻ԣֻܳΪһƶĻӣ¨ʿĳì󵶹
ɽկֻһڵĵطֱٺʲֻҪһˣ׽ЧĺˣȻͱõ¨֮С
Ȼ󷨶ֱΧʣӦǼĿ顣
ˣһֶǲõѵõľ
ûãܵɽ˱ȫնɱʣļආɽ˼ƲҲȫеͶ
һս˲ʱˡ
ʱ䣬ѼսƷˡ
ʱץķ²ԼѰ䭴ŻӪһѷͽĻȫɨһգջ൱
Ҳ֪Щͽ˶ãƱ͸ߴһͭǮᣬֵĸ鱦һ䣬ִٶѣƤ׾ʮัӼƥʮƥʳ
һεջ񣬶㹻ǧһϵĿˣỹпװӵ׺ƥǺö
⣬йɽƱʮ
ЩǸûüõġ
ų־ɽĬɽǵǴһɲ˵˷һᱻȥӶָ
ԣͷɱ죬ſڿصɽѾˣЩĥ˵Ҳûһ̤ɽ
ֱľդɽűһǿ߽ϵս磬뻮һװʽȫЩں֮ڵɽˣپ
ڴ˴ҵˣ
˺ذ˰Ƿȥ
ЩĻЩܾĥţǻˡ
ǹپǹپǵþˣ
˼ش󺰳
Ҳϲ
Ӫ̧ųȥȺڵü⡣
ıˣصıնƽƣ˶ӣЩѾһϢ
ЩͽΪ˼նǵĿ־壬ʹ콻𣬶ÿһץʶз˵ĥϵԽãʵԽأЩȥҲΪƹضȥ
ǵĲ״չǵĻǶ̣ԽСģǶˮιʳ
ܵǵ⣬Ǵӿϲ΢һЩǣЩܶģǻмس߹ԸĶͷͷ
л֮
ֱⶼͷŪ޴룬æ֣
ҿɲʲôֻǿµһͷǿ˷ˣҲǿǵģ
Ȼ˵Ը˸࣬׼˵ܣɽʱһȵӪãȻǼüӡ
İлһů

ɽկѾĻͥдźɫֵɫģбȵжĬĬ˿֡
ǿǣǽԶݴ
*
ܵȫʡЩ˻Ⱥ޲ϲ
կʣǸŮӣͷپˣǵþ˵ĻȴѡײǽԾ
䭵˴˵﷢ʱֻʣһѾûϢʬ塣
Щ˰ΪйĹߣ·ûһ
ݹ᾵ʬϣ˸Űĺۼûһ⡣
䭽ϵ磬ⲻ֪Ůϣ˽úðᡣ
гűŭ
зͽͷ­ȫ£ڿǳǽʾڣ
Ƕͨɵ˺ȣڱǵս£ֱǱǡ
һʱ仹û취ҵеķͽôҪһЩ壬ڼһЩܺߡ
*
䭵ĻӪٶͽͷ­ǣڳѸ˾޴ĺ䶯
ܿ죬ϢڿǼΧĽˡ
ԭؾν˷˶ûгЧ´կɽˣʾȫߣЩͷƳɾۣڳͷʾס
⿤֮Ужû˵ɽ˵Լֱܺߡ
Ϣͥ޵øγϣϲ
ǽӿϵλݺ᣺
Ů㱨ˣڱˣ
Ůǰڳ޵·ϱ´կ˴ױ°ߣҺͷҸ
Ǻò״ȥŮͻʱȴѾ̣òΡһѹ֪˻飬ͳ˲ϵԾˡ
еСͷҲվڼжӵλǰЦֿޡ
Ķӱ´կ°ߣҲ޻ӦֻøҲˣ˴ȴѾĥ־һϢ
һ仰û˵ϣֻǰںʹ
ڣǱˣȪ֮¿԰Ϣˣ
ǽ壬峤´կϢҲ곤ǺۿһƬ
ԭǸյ죬´կĴȴͻȻ룬ɱӣйʳɫŮҲȫ°߷
Ǹ죬Ǵˡ
˶ᣬȴЦš
˸Ǳˣ
Ҫ

һ˷ˣΪӮ˿յİӵ
ظĿʦү˵Ϣȴʧɫ


17 
ʲô´կˣ
ؾôֱվ漴̻󲻰
ôͻȻ´կ᲻Ƿʲôˣ
´կǶ겻Ȼٲڰз֡
´կЩҲ£ÿٵТһЩԼ¡
ϵ֣ɾ˸ǳİѱСҪ̰ȥ˵ɴñסˡ
ʦү˶񣬵
̷ģǸ´կʱͷβܽӦò̫ȷе֤ݡʹʲôԷҲ޷ָ֤
ȷϣȷԼûԱָ֤֤ݣ΢һ㣬ʼԼò׷ֲ
һͶ´կôļҵ¾ܾôˣ
ܿĻ⣬ܹǽ档
ͷҲȷǷ֪ʲôóȻίʵ
ڿسһ˳ӡ
һ̧Ÿӣݷ
Ӵʲôѿ¸ˣز䲻ȵص
ϴͼεƺǺŬάպȴʧ̬
ȥɽдԣһﺷٱһСı㶯֡Ҳûִ磬Щɱöˣ˵կе˵뿤Щ׹ʡ
һǸǴˮ嵽شˣʵڶԲס
⻰ػΪ̽æԴƲϵ
˵ﻰ´կǳĺˣôܸ¹׹ʣЩͽΪ˻ҧ
ȴ
Ƿ׹ʣҶǰû֪һȷʵˡ´կõһЩСҲûõϣ棬ĪҪ
˵꣬䶫ˡ
˴һŷͷһɫ鱦Σۼֵµֵӡ
ʦүסˡ
ðΣزʵ
ʦү˵ʲô˼
ʦү
ѧǰΪǴ̽̽õ˴ֱʣңϸ뿤ŵɫǴ´կΪصֺ
һʱشЦ
ЦóʦүһĪ
Ǻιʡ
źӵЦɫȴڲزסĵ⡣
ѾȫȷλǧҲǸˡ
ѾµԼطٽӵּԣڵ֪´կйϵæصǿҶǴԱϮ
λƺǺԼڻʵǰ˵һ㲻õĻ
ڽ˷ˣӷҲǺȷ¶ģʵĻҲȱǮֻû뵽һζ־ʹ˵ͷߣϰµúܰɡ
*
䭵Ϊ»̫ҲΪ졣
һ·ϱ˺þã˿ˣŲص
£ôĲƱô͸ƥˣ
ŶԼ۵úܡңʲô˰ȻҪһƷС
Цſһۣ
żֻһζѡˣ
⻰»һͷˮûҪ˵˼ҲֻʶȤĲʡ
ЩŵķͽлõϢһĨâ
˷ǰ֪´կ̾꣬ιپ˷Ҳû׽סǣǱζǾǺͿλȨ
ȴû뵽˾ǿء
ǳҪƿǵĿģǱҪɽ˵Ķ٣ضǳɡ
бȴȥɱһƷԱٲҪЩ
Ȼѱ´կҲûѵʲôʵ֤ݣˣƾͽһ֮Ǿ޷ÿġ
Ȼ¿زʵûôȫ֣ҲǲҶġ
һÿطɾ裬¶
ÿڵĳϣȻèġ
סʵ֤ݣٽ¹֮ϱ͢˳سظܵõġ
ȣϷĻһʲô
*
סأ䭱㿪ʼν˷˵ĺ˽д
νկȻжʮˣȴûʿ
Ȼ۹ͣÿӣÿĹʹСΪʮǮʹͣԼѡԴͭơ
׿ԽʮλСӳÿ˶һƤףһƥս
ٶСӳʱúȺ
ң˭֪ⲻһƤһƥǹѫҫÿסԼĻᡣ
ôǵȫеģ̨һͭǮ̨µıǿʼˡ
֮вˣǰʮСӱѡȥ˷ʱʵЩҵġ
ڿ˷ʵûô£ٷƵĺûᡣ
εǮٵҲµľãǳȥһĹˡοְܻн˭ܲĶ
ûμӽ˷˵ıǷ׷ԾԾԣ޲һ˸Լˡ
һν˷ˣһαôᣬ׼ӪлǵĶ־䭶Դ˺⡣
꣬ǴǸɽկˡ
´կء
Ĺ滮УɽկãԶ뿤ǣɽ֮УٽʯȽ϶Ķʯҩòˡ
ǿٽء
֮ǰȰɽ·޺ãկķҲдǿ
ˣִϴο֮деȵıȥ·
⣬ӪصĽ裬ճѵҲͬš
Ӫæµתš
*
ĴǼ佼Ĵ䶼ΪʢС
ӴĳɩλΪ뿤Ӵˣڻصҳ¼ҴԾϯʱ򣬱ٴα˵⳥軧һ׮¡
ʵʹ˳¼Ҵ壬˽ͷһΡ
ﱾûɶϡ£²ѸϸʣĽ
Ǿ൱ʲôøɣͰ׼һճɰ
ֹһˣ갡˼үǰյвȫģ
û뵽ôˣȻ˽
Ϸ˵ʵ϶ӣҿүİӣӢܸɣ
˭˵أǰٸŴγЩ´կɽһ취ûУүһͰЩȫˣ
ôүڣԺǴɾͲɽˣ
һһۣǸĸ𾪣漴ִӾԨһĨϣ
ܴסɩʵ
㣬үǲǺܴĹ١ǿйٶ󡭡
ͨﶮô࣬ɩ̱
ǻ˵ʵ϶ǵڶ
á̫ˡǸ˸ɺԵкᣬǿҪ˿˸ľƮ
үӢְգǼǲǾоˣ


18 
㣬Ǵ帽Ǹׯܴȥھȥ
˼е
ɩֵؿһۣ
ѵûһˣ϶ҪЪһߡȥǱߵׯӸɶ
ȴǲ˵ֻߵʱһ
ɩһͷˮǸ߿ˣѹͬˣ
ǲǴͷĶҼǵ޵ϱˣﻹͦõأôˣ߶߶ġ
Ǹ˽г¶ãԭǴһ֦ʮǰ޵Ͻһӡ
Ͷȣϱߵط֣ճɱߺܶ࣬ԣĵطõķһʮĶأֻܵΪĴĽѡ
ΪˣüûĳɩӲ֡
˵÷ӻͦùģȴһǲ·ɫҲݵֻʣһͷͼǰʱȫˡ
Ҳѹ
ӡǮġû˵ǳϺö˽ӡǮϣΪūˡһڣҪٻǮҲֻȫˡΪ˻Ǯġ£˭Ǯ
⻰ɩһ
˵ЩΪūжҵģһֻܳٷȴûûҹظɻ΢˵㣬ׯͷıӾˡ
Ů죬΢еɫ¥ȥǳúÿСкҲᱻȥСĶûͱĥˡ
ôôǮҲе𣿡
˵ͻȻ˷֣׳ˣǮҽصȥҲֻܽӡǮģȫҶֻΪūˣ
ɩ̾˿̫ùˡ
Ϊ˲ΪЩɱɽˡ
˵ȥׯǲȥǸүǮ
ɩҡҡͷ
˭֪أү˵ģȴҲԩͷ
ڶһ磬¶컹ûڳɩſڵˡ
һ·ϣľͷ׮һ˵ֱ˵طɩ֪ʲôġ
¹ȥǰǵصĵطѾΧȫΧ׸ߵľդ߽˸ͷľֻ涣죬ƺڽӡ
ׯǰһţȫţЩʮָ׳ټףϱŴ󵶣缫ˡ
ЩվſڵģһӶʮ˵Ķ飬ųϵդѲߣ˸ҿ
¶ҲЩ£֪뵽ʲôȭͷ¸ҵȥ
Ӫصأ
վͷغȵ
¶ô
үкҪү
Įذƿ
Ҽҿʲô˿Լģ߿ߣȻҵȾͲˣ
¶ߣ͹ͷ
үǣҼүһ棬Ҿͼһ棡ҽȥ
Ǻܷգôʲô˵ͼ˵һ񸾣ǵϹ٣Ҳܼġ
Ȼݹ᾵ЩǾܷȥġֻܻγ
ٲߣͱ־үĵӲˣ
ѩĵ⣬¶ŵĲûа취ѾǼ·
޺˵ʵ
үǿҪүԩ飡
ǻǲ׷УֻĮ
ԩع٣ҪȻǿأǿɲ󰸣
һģģһԿ־磬ʱǳ
ϻʲôֱӺߣ
ǣ
̳Уקų¶õĸ첲Ҫߡ
¶ó׻ˣò˵ȫʵ
үҪǿصСӣǿзӡǮүҼүˣ
ҪǼүһҶᱻǿгū񸾵ŮҲᱻ¥ôСȥģүкã
˵ţʹͷû£ͷϾͳѪ˳Ŷͷ
ͷֻ֪ӡǮص˱ǿȴ֪ʹ˭
ֱǴŹǲĶӱȥģӡǮǿ˼洫һĶأŹ˳ϲ֪ĶǿصСӡ
һֽ״˸浽˿ظ˵ӡǮΥģҪر黹ءȴû뵽ŻȥĵͽǿˣŹͱ
ԺǴ˲֪ԭνķͽҲǿСӵצֻΪǲòдӡǮ
Էı˿£ԭֻġ
ڣүĳµϣһ˿ᣬҲҪƴһԣ
ɹˣʮŮ㲻ٱ¥ȫҶػɣ
Ĵƶ⸾һŻݵ۾ȥϣѪᣬһ𣬿ŲҲ̶ã㶼Щ̡
ǰͷıҲȥˡ
ɩӣʵɣӪڡҪֻȥĿ
Ӫػ޽УзկǱҲҪ·жԭʱӪҪӲ죬ôһֱš
ڶӪָʹ𣬿żŹӲ졣
¶öʱɵˡ
ô᲻ڣ˵ү𣿡
Ǹׯֻ޽ôæʲô
⻰ó¶ó׷лǺվҡҡλߣ
ãȥү
˵ţҲԼѾûԷղſͷĵͷۻϡ
ߺ󣬻Ӵ弸ֵ۷׷ס
ƽûʲôǲĴ˵Ȼһţºܿʹ֪ˡ
Ҳסŵ
ǧĶأڸӶŵĴȴֵһᡣ
ѧĳ˵ºʱԼύĻᡣ
ȥǣүҪǣ
*
뿤ظֻһ֣ĵطһʮɵլԺдլ
ǿС֥Ԫס
ԭҲǸǿصĳ檣ſǺ󣬱ҡһĴˡ
زǹԱþһү
ʱůòŮ紸ȡ
ͻȻͷŷܽ
үͷиĵ˵Ҫ״Կţ
֥Ԫһʱһ´ϵ

ܿ죬ʹе֪ȥʱ˿
Ǹ˻ûüҵ
Ȼ֪׻᲻£ֳ׮鷳
Щ񾹸ڱ˺
֥Ԫͷպ޼ˣݺݵ
ˣȥţ˸ץͷϽׯſڣЩūǺúÿ˵³ǳве𣡡
ˣǸŮŮԺôƫҪµȵҤȥ
һȺڵȥ
֥Ԫ̾òһѽͷϺõĴҸ飺
ҪǼܣ
*
ׯ뿤ֻʮأ¶öԶزʶ·ȫƾһ˫ȣǱҪЩ
ֶͷΣ㻨ʱһ·ˣټĿҵ˿
ɵĸۡ˲ͷð麹¶һ˿ϲ⡣
ڵˣϣ˳үϣүܾͼˣ
ĬĬţȥ
ڴʱڿǻļҶģ˿һһ
Ǹˣץס
˵꣬༸˶ʱڵس
¶ñܵؾΣգȾܡʮƣܵùЩ׳ӡûһͱ׷ˡ
һ˾סͷݺƣ
Ļܣˣ
¶öʱһƬ𣬺һŻعŭ
˭ִ˻ûˣ
϶ʱְһƣ˵ļҶЦ
үϽׯȥ
⻰¶öʱ˵ݣ־弫ˡ
ӣڿţ˿صСûˡ
ԭȲҸ˵ԼĴй¶ȥүִ
ʲôʲôûүү˾ˡ
ſңſң
үү
޺ţϣϵĿע⡣
ɸôԶľ룬˶壬οء
ǴͷļҶк̵
ס죬鷳
ǰᳵ·ʹ˼һ¡
䣬һҶóһƲһ࣬ӽַֻڱ
¶ñקǰߡ
ʹ˳̵ߣͨ죬﷢Ұް˻
һ˫ȥ۾ԶĿǾʡ
ǰˣүǸﰡȫһȵϣǸ
ɲôŬҲݺ׳ֻܱԽԽԶ
Ҫʱ򣬽ֵתǴһˣתۼߵ˼֮⡣
Щ˸Ÿ߸ߵĴżףϱŵʮơ
Ϊλһƥźֺɫ侢װϱƤ׻ߣɫӼסᣬһҲÿ㣬ȴһʵıһɢŷƣ˾ֱӱǲ
űĳ¶ãԶɽü΢΢һ
ȥʣô¡
ǣ
һľүʱߵڸʲô
ղɷļҶʱ˸ֺõЦŵ
ؾүĻץһū˿徻ϾߣϾߣ
¶صؽͼǣūеŲԶλˣ˸߸ϣٴοϣ
ϣһλˣ԰Щоȳϣܵǰү
ǼҶ껰̰ѳ¶ϡ
¶öʱˣѼҶǵħצ
֪ҪǱץԻүµıļˣ֮أ
ڴʱߴһͳ
ȵȡ
ǸɿлҪʡ
ץ˵ļҶϽ
¸ˣԻ˾үĶ䡣ңүǻȥأɵ鲻ã
Ϊ⿤˲֪үû˸Ҳӡ
ȻԷȴӵؿһۺֱӳߵıһ֣Щ̷ЩҶһƣֱӳڳ¶ϵһ漴ֳƲ
¶ڵ˵ʲôҲ˲ã̼еص
ҲūүƽүǿҼҽӡǮҼҵҪȫΪūȥү
Ҷ̻ˣŭ
ޣūʱȻҺү
ү˵ȥò鵵⸾ȷʵүҵļū
Ϊ䭣⻰ȴ˿ûᣬֻԸ
⸾˴
⸾ݹᾣֱԶ٣ñǴѪȴҪɼ顣
ң΢оҲĵáЩҶȻ򶨣ȴЩϸڳǵ顣Բ˵ô򵥡
Ǹˣûѵļ
Ȩѹƽʱ̫ˡ
⻰Ϊ׵ļҶʱˣʼƤ죺
үүļ£Ҫү𣿡
ȴһֱһϥѣڵء
ǰһڳԣ
Ҷʱɵˣ
⾹Ȼλ
ڻȨľηǲκηֻЩ¶ôߣȻϽŻȥš
*
ĳ¶κС
ֱţ˺˵ͷү
ԭǴ˵ΪүȻᡣ
ãүԸҴˣ¶ůůģү紫˵һӡ
¶Ҳ˲ʲôϽڵϣүĶкԼҵү
үкãȾǰɣ
˵үԼ̫̰ģæֿͷһ䣺
ҪǱĲУپȾŮôС¥ȥģ

ҰϢ±ᴦġ
˵ţ˴ȥϢ
¶ߺ̳
ǰӿص̬ȣϽʲô˵ܡ
ʱȥ顣
Ͻת˸飬˵ûʲô쳣ϽѵطֵĵطȫǴ˼ҵׯӣûԸũ
õ𰸣ִ㼯Ƚ˷ˣʱû׷飬ȴû뵽Ͻİ˹
ؼصģɥ֮£
ǿƶ񤣬ɿСӣȴǴݵƤǵըͣǺѪ⣬ͷ
ճɵͣǸũٻеأƶũԼˡūҲһ˵øǮ
ƽ֪ӡǮΥֻ˻ԼùòȥǮǮǮҲ쾭壬ֻŮծ
΢мʶģ֪ӡǮΥҲûãǸӡǮ˵ıɡɽˣһֶʹһЩƽա
Ͻûʣ¶ԸũıŶؼ沢Ѫᣡ
ȭͷĻʯЩڴ˵˺Ϊ
һΣҪ³׸ɶ
ˣ̵һ٣ҪȥϽ
ȻǸ˿ûѣҪȥϽ̽д©
*
¶ڵĴׯϲȵ壬뿤Ƕʮ䭵˿ӱܹȥʱ춼ûڡ
Ͻط֣ܿѵĵطȫѳ˸أرȽܼ·߼ȫǵء
ǴСӵļڣÿкüڸЩڲ֣еڸĻҪصġ
ڣݹᾣûиţȫɣǰһ磬ٶȷǳóÿ˶ܳ
ʹˣׯͷıӻϣ
̵Ҫ絽ʲôʱ춼ҪˣүүЩ
ǰͷִͷǸģ˱ܲˣȴҷֻرͷġ
䭿ǵڵϵľ磬ûнͷôܿ
˵˵ģΪˡɼʹЩѾȴҪӡ
Щׯ԰ׯͷȫȻû¡
Щׯͷ鵱ˣټ񵽴ͷϣ
ʮ
Щׯͷ鵱ڴǰ磬䭵ǰȴ
ǣƬ̣ǰҫׯͷͽűڵأס˫ڵϱѺ
ʣ˿ӱȥ˴
ǿСӵɣ׽¶ˣû֡
ȥ磬˵ֹķ
ܿ
ׯҲʵ࣬߷û䣬ȫéݶڴ˸Сͯ·ûʹ˳¶üҡ
ʱһ׽һ˾һֱڿ޺СŮ⼸ΧŹһЩĸŮŸкŵɪɪͷ׵Ϻڵأ
Щ˿Щһ㲻ǿһԸ¸¹Ц
ҵү³
Ҫ־͹Ǽͷ˵
ھͿ̫ˣǿ޵ʱأ
ɱģǻⱨӦģͷ޺Ž
ͷˣһֱȥһŲסʹ룬ͷʱʹش
䭿첽ȥֱһŽǴ߳˼Զ
Щ˲ϵ䭣ֻıװϳǿĻ
һһˬص
ľүˮˮͲ˰ɣ
Ƿϻֱ
£
ⲫ䭺о飬ԭһǧǰһѵרŶԴ˽йѵؽгĻǣҪԸЩֻ۸ƽĴ֣һ㶼
ܿͽЩж˸첲һڵϡ
Щһ߰һ߽
ǿүˣҪ뿤شΪ𣿡
ǸҵţشϾͻץ
Ȼǻû״
ҲѹŰĴͬܣ⻰һ̲סǰһš
ǻص
ʵǣǿ٣ҵſ˭ù
һϹϾ
£ȫˡ
䭵ͷ
ȫͷĿյȥ
˿Ѫ׳ַԸ
򣬺ơ
˵꣬˳ȥ
¶һʱŻع
ǰǰִ˵ǼҵϱȻȥүĵ״Ҫúýѵǡ
ʱֻû콵Ⱥֻ֣̿ﻹЩԹֳ¶õĳ嶯
֪ʲôйٹ໤
ǿصСӣʲôãԼ֮֡
ڣˣ
ղ˰үĴ֣ǣԸ˸
ⲻǴ˵еүôǼĵþˣ
һΪ˼ѡ
*
ͷյϣĴľؿűǰׯͷ鵱
Ǿ飬˿ոһյĥѹեɥʧڴֻǱܵعҵȥ
ǲͷҪʲô»ԭׯͷ鵱˴ҪǾֻϣׯͷ鵱ıһ㡣
վһܿһӱѺżˡ
һӼ׵ὫһȺүӵߵǰͷ
ߵһ
λף˱ս״棬˽⵽ǴүӡǮ֮࣬Ϊū˽
ЩԭģվΪֹ
һ̶ˮĴǶʱȻ
ԭΪԼһӿܾˣÿڱŷصũԲůһͷԵڵӵҰǿˡ
ھȻһλ֪ǵĿദҪΪֹ
ľ˲Ʊյ죬Ҫӭ̫
ǰֱζ顣
¾òʵ˶ϣġ
Щȭӵׯͷ鵱ȫñףֽڵϣٿῤŵЩľүͷѩĵͻȻ;÷ǳаȫС
۸ĺҵ˿Ĵˡ
һһĴǿ粽ǰ
һٶУȻ󲿷ֶǣɼӵ뿤ص֮ࡣ
ЩݵòΣ˺۵ĴǣȼһŻ
ղǿǿ
ķ񣬾
*
׵үڴǻ㱨ҲЩ
˼Ҫ°ɡ
ôǰӻһˣЩ˵Ӣ䰮ӣ﷢顣
ϽȥظҿԲߡ
ˣ²ãиӡǮͱȥˣ
һؾͻҵص
ȴеһۣ
ʲôţ¡
ү
ǿǿôһ
غЦһƶصûһķڶٸ㱣֤ԲҶ
һʳӱ䵽Ƨʵۻλ
ΪһʵĻӣطٲ䣬Ҫù
ˣǿֻҪӲɵҶ׾춯
˵Ϊ˼񣬾ﵽͷϣǶõ·ء
ǰ쿤̬Ȳ˵һô
ڿ˸裬үʱˣ˸м˯
ȻҹʱͻȻŵس
ү²ˣٻլӸΧˣ˵Ҫң


19 
Ͻ¼˼͵ܺߵǶǱ֥Ԫóļͥ
⼸ܺ߶ǵĿڹѺ峤õһЩЩ˼ԭɸ˰ƾԼصܹ֤ԭǴ˵ƽԸũ֤ݡ
ЩѾ㹻ԴǵΪԩ
ǣ˰ʮڳϱЩΪūĴ񣬲ҼǼܺߵĿڹ
ԼʮˣҹֱӱʱӪأϣٻȻֱǶȥ
ʱţسǵϵүĴ˭ء
ټµظǮ˵ĻϢͽ˳ǡ
һǣ䭱ȥլΧˡ
ĿǾרҵѵľǽ²˶ѪɱˣսȴӸЩҶܱȵġ
ǰѵһΣٴһ
֥Ԫ˽ӡǮкգﵱˡ׽֥Ԫ޹˵ȴԭأͬ۴
ͨ￴öЩƣĿѹٿλεĵ⣬׷־ˡ
֥ԪҼūӪûκη
мҶūȫѺǰԺţæ˵ϸҪ֥ܵԪûܳԼԺӣͱ䭵ĻǴ˸ţܿץǰ
ЩݣŵĻǣ֥ԪûϢȣͰ͵ص
ǸʲôҿǿصСӣǡԼˣɱ˵Ӱ뿤صĹϵ
ӵشһۣ
ȷʵ뿤عϵǳ޼ɵزкգһٲ˿ص֧֡Ѻȥúʣ
֥ԪȥƬ̺֥ԪĲҽ
ѶĻҵּܹ̰ѹģ֥Ԫѹ֬຦˼İȻޡ
Ѷķִ磬ǱȻ֥ԪԹͷġ
ҹܳ㹻֥Ԫŵͷ³ܶҪĿڹ
ڸеѰʹؼӼҼӡǮص˱ȹؼ֤Ҳȫ˳
Щһ䣬䭴ȷûȱ©
⣬䭵ĻǻӼҵĿⷿһ鱦ֵֻǮĶԼƱͭǮֳ
֥ԪԭֻһоС񣬴ʱ˷ңѹ֬ǮûбԴˡ
䭺ؽ˰ЩȫװͻؿĿⷿһһ㡣
Щ޷³
һǱعĿתƣǱԺҵĹԱߣëԼڴﴧһЩʣ²ͽ⡣
ˣӻǾȼܺߣٻЩ塣
æµһϣڰ׵
ۿˣ˰֥ԪԼĹܼң˷Ĵֵȹؼ永Ա˿
⣬һЩƽյǰоԼسɢһЩϢ
Уϴһɴ˯ˡ
*
ҹѸ٣լֻӬɲȥ
ˣլô£ǱҲûõϢ
ֱڶ˶լķլūһ͵ȥš
õϢĿŭѣŭʨӣ
һƿС˱ĵҰ
ϷĲ
ڸзйһͨٷû¾Ҫߣȥˡ
ѶĳʦүϽס
ˣ侲
бģ˹ǰǲ·뻢ڣ
侲һЩ
Ȼǧһ亹
ǳ嶯ǰȥѹǻȥ޻ء
˼һ̽ˣ
ѿξ
ξУƹеװ
ֻǣ¿չƸֲѲ߳Ҳֻǧˡ
һǧڶڿԱʱ
ô˵ܱȹǰҪаȫС
ȥ֮ǰѾúǴǴսطϵǿӪֳĶ֡
ʱı࣬ЩδزܿٲãҲܱԼȫġ
ʶȤգǲʶȤǵø۸췴ñӲɡ
ʱ򣬻ʵһʥּԶԭ߾ɲǳصġ
뿤ξǲʱزŰһ׼λһǧǰ
˯㣬㱻»ѣ
²ˣشһǧǿΧˣ븮Уȥأ
Ȼȴһ˹·Ь࣬ϴڡ

»öš
䭰ùëˮһԼص
ʲôһǧҲӣ涯ֲɣ˵涯֣ǸڵӦҲ´ࡣ
ʱ಻㣬ҪҲǽʵʵѵֱŵֱС
⻰»ʱġ
ˣϲ֪ʲôʱͶһװĵƵһ˵ͷرѹҲûʲôµˡ
ش븮к󣬸սţ㱻䭵ĸֵصĻסȥ·
ǵļٶȾˣǿŲ̣˵ĶѾжӣȻػ˵һլԺǰ
ر˺ðΣڰ䭸
ƿСҹСӼ췭ظֵǮĶϴһգֱ졣ȴһ֥ģ
޷ϻˮǺϴһŹġ
֪ţӾȻϴ
εȿεȲ
ͷĻһյøˡ
֮ǰԼ裬һҪúý棬Ȼʱȴȫʧȥġ
ˮĿаؽ䭣ŭʣ
ʿڵε˺аԵ˽լӣ˸ץˣ
һ͸䭿˸ñӡ
ĶУھǶҪʷ̨һġǴȥͱʵĻӱȻԲ˶ߡ
Цһ
ܽ˽լʷַⱾˣñѲӵط֥Ԫ˽ӡǮգ֤ȷ䣬ȻҪãΪģ
˵꣬Դֳؿ˿һۣ
ȻΣ֥Ԫϵǳѵָرִ𣿡
ް֮ģôܵȵã
⻰˵ֱײ棬бЩĿɫˡ
ʱѾȫȻףǰЩ䭵ʾȫڿɱɾ衣
һƿСˣת
˼ǹҪ뱾ΪУ
Ц
˵ǣΣ
õĶѾõˣʱȻ뿤ίߵġ
ؽеɱ⣬ҧ
Ȱʱڵܣ黹լ»һʹ
ԽĶô³
ص
ȰѾǵúˡ
رüֱҪѪܺã
ݺݵض
̫ԣӷͬլﵱһ˿һѱɷϣʵʵ־ܣȴ·䣡
ʮ꺮ƿĶˣñӵ˭ǿ
˵䭲ӻʵ뷨һ
˵ţһ֣
ˣѺȴ·䣡
ʱ䭵Ļʱʶγ˾ˣҲŰεγɶ֮ơ
ţʮֽš
ؽ䭵Ķ
еطִȨΪӷַطͬдѲصȨʵϷַ⵽طԼĵλ޲طٺദθȨ
ʵռƣס֥Ԫ޴İѱ
ԣҪסԷİѱС
һ㶼뷽跨ڼŭ䭡ûӪظɱʥ򣬱ܸ۸ıñӡ
Ĵ
ȴû뵽΢΢һЦûջؾŷš
ȻȻߺȵ
һأΪ˰С֮˽ӡǮкƽ񣬾ȻҪɱڣ
ʱ˵
һͷⲻ֪ʱۼǧİգߵŭ


20 
ЩĿǰգеʱ˵ĿǼ¡
ӵĿ£ǰӲŽһɽϵɽˣһְ˿ǸˣкյСӡ
⿤ǰ꣬ӵľǺаԵꡣ
ķԭҾ˼ҼܳȾ϶񫣬ӡǮһ˺ö౶ȻٴһծֱեǵļҲԭúõһеֱ֮ƶҵ
Ů캢ͯ˲ǱɲмͬΪū
߻̫ƵĲҾ硣
֮⣬ǿŮūףֳҲͬ಻ʤ
ǵͨգ˵޲͸λүһЩ̻󻧣ҲһҪүТ
˼пɽһ죬ЩСʲô취
һ˵õү֤˼һ׽ˣǰ޲裬׷ȥ֡
˭֪˻·ϣ˵ϢξʼǲƺҪȥпҪԸ
˭֪أξͿظһ֮ѡ
ĿԿǷ׷ױ棬پ˴Ⱥȥ׳ơ
һ⣬ȻѾеΧס
żѣǵĿİΣ
ʰǿɿͳΣԺܹϺӡ˸ôү˿»䱾̰ǡ
ѣͼĴű򿪣һȺõָſҪԿ
Ҳ¶ǵģɱڣԼүС
˭Ҷƴˣ
Ⱥв֪˭һ
ձҲеѪ۸ߺ
ƴˣ
Լλεĵ⣬ٿһģؾԼӶϴˡ
ͨλἯѸ٣ǿⰲŵġ
Ȼĵ
ŰȺ鼤ܵĺؿ䭵˶
Ǻƣ
ѹҧгݵ浱Ⱥ񣬱ͲҶ𣿡
ȴûһ̧֣ʾǰ
λףǵά֮ıܸм侲Ҫ֣еǻˣ
Ǹжѣʱ򣬿ǻء
ǺεʰİѰշϵģ
ǲˣ

ٴʾǰȻ治ɫؿεƽȴص
λʿɱӣͬı棡ųնĴ
ͷЩգǵڣǵѣѵҪǰε򣿡
ϸΪһܿҪ̰͢ٶ˴ﵽֵֵ
һʼԥ
ͻȻһŮӵŭȣ
˨ӣҪҶϸ룡
Ȼһλļ
һͷкüʼĳ
ǵĺЩʿ׷׶еĵ
Щ˿ͷ˱Ҳ˵
ϾƽҲûǶãǾ⵽ؼҾĸ̰裬ƾʲôҪðŵԴķո
ң˶үǰ˿أİնһ¡
䭱ѪоǶףֺ¡
ʹ˻Ĺŭ⣺
һɺԣ˭Υÿξã
Щϳֻ֮̿ɫ
ã˵ʮ˵ǿͷҲΪ
ڴʱ赭д
ܺã˱пξͬ
Ȼ
ˣָʹкգͼıںﵱ⣡Ѻȴ͢䣡
ξ뿤ξᣬöıͬѺ
ǣ
ͷʱȥ
䭣ƿС޳ܣ
ۼȥĿƿڴ
Ȼû㱻һƴϣһһȫ
Ǽ״ʱ
Ӣ
ǧ꣡
һʱ䣬ǿ
*
رˣһͷǰ
ˡҵǰǷ˿ξ֮Źģ
䭺
֪߲ɡ
ȻⶼͷȴϣǳϿּص
ӣҵȶĽѣȴԿ²֮£ʵѣ뿤ҵ׽ÿξ
µؿһۡ
˵Ǻ˼
൱ʱƣҲת÷ɿ졣СͷĿûӦͷһǰˡ
£ųˣֻҪǿعֲҪ̫ڡ
ʲô֣йپӺְ
ѯʣⶼͷˣǺˣ
ؿᣬ嶼ͷ
䭵ͷ
ᣬΪݺǰȥЭ׽ÿξ
ǣ
ἤѣ̵Ѹٴӳȥ
ݺǿξĸ٣ʱǿսʮͷҲδһȥβ˷ܡ
඼ͷҲǰԴض㣬ܿһݺĹβ䵽Լ
ɶ񣬾ȣ
ԺҲҪ֣Ĳǣ
*
бһڳŵȵذصģټϿصһǧˣξµֻһٶˡ߰ȥ׽ãȻǲѴ֮
ξץˣʣݺΪ
Ϊһݺ
оֻݺȴ
룬һγµĿξ룬ǾбȻһȥȫߣ
˻ֲ̿ѣץξ˾˿ġ
䭵Ҳû˵ʲôֻȥúճд£ֱ㱨
Ҫ˹ܣէûҪóȻˡ
õ£ǿֵ˵ĵϸȥ١
ڿξλãȻǸüŶѡ
ôһܲºúõȥɻ㣿
*
ǲִѸٵس˿ظ
Ȼƶ񤣬ڴ˵ؾӪ꣬ȴǸ͡
ȡǰ鱦Σ䣬Ʊ鱦ιֻ䡣
ֵΣ˺㣬̧߷Ž˵
⣬ظļҾūҲȫͶ븮η󹦲ܵǣҲȫ˻ӪĻϸ񿴹ܡ
Ҫ޹˵ȣǲ̫©Ϣ
Ȼ˵Ҫ͢صУȴһʱӡ
Ϊڼӵ֪ǵıǰһҪҪ
ǱǹΪս׼
Сʿڸľʱ˵Ķ߻ӿһ꣬뱱ַһģܴʱܳս
߻ӽʮ꣬ǿ͡
ԣüޡ
²С˵飬⼸궼ûʲô֣ȴȻʱӱ￤أܲһЩˡ
û֣Щԭֻ㹻ʳʱٲָʱ
ҪⳡսбסԼĻʯһͷǧӪӮµĲԭڳ˵Ρ
ʱҪսʤֻ
׺ƽԭѵ뱱Ужȱսȱϸˡ
Ĳٺãһ⵽ϮƾеĲսһ£ٶΡ
ԣʱ
ף򵥣ȴľһЩɱĻҩǰ͹滮õĶ
ûΪɱҪɲ֮һռ쵽֮ǰһЩ
ʱӪͨƽպѴеĿ󳡸
ǰھͲû򵽶
ڲһˣвɹʸ
Ѿǿ


21 
ֹؼսʣ ǱȻÿҪԱȥġ
ڳһмҪԱеԱṹԼƽյ˽ѺĿҪԱ˹
з޴ıʣ ûô¡
һʼֻ˵үץˣȻŭشȥˣ ûãظͱΧˡ
ļпп ѾԿΪס
ǴӵͷĿһ£ ЩʦүصļҾȣ ȫץ ֳɼؽ˴Ρ
ȻϢ ⶯ԣˡ
ΪصĿǲûпǣ ˻羪֮
ضˣ ЩҲûк³
ȥʱ򣬼Խֻ֣Ϊڽ һ䭾ɪɪعˡ
μ
û˵Ҳûн
ҿjԽ ϽΪԼֱ
Щ¹ûв
 ¹ٶ޲֮İ ǿزӭ
 ¹ٶǱȵģ ǿ¹ٸĵЩƽĻ¹ٲҲӰ
¹֪ˣ¹ٽ¹ԺȻֻЧҿ
ĵķʽ廨ţΨΪةӦͤɫȻһ仰Ҳû˵

ܿةô˵
Ӧͤ˸ͷ
ؿĻ¹Ҳſɱ޹֮ˡ
⻰¶ЩЦ⣬Ҳǻƨ
ӦͤƷȷʵ༸߹ȫأѡͬ۵£ܼԼԭ
йƶҲ֪ûܿصĺô
ҲΪˣżظȨȦӣȫܿˡ
ϱߵһûرͻĹڱãߵʱĨ͡
ͻ缫á
Ϊλߣûôʮȫʮ˿á
ĲϲϺȣѾǺˡ
ضͷ

ַԸ˸
͢ǰصĴò֪ʱ¿θҪʱ䣬֮ǰͳ쿤񣬴ӽдֱ㱨Ը⣿
˵⻰ʱŶԷķӦ
⻰Щġ
ҪģɲһݵĴˡ
һӦѾףҪƿȨôȻδ¿ͻ
ڳ͢¿ˣùԹȨ˻ԼλáҪܿ¿ء
ӦͤҲǻ켣ٳˣԭȴԲܿƷζ䭻е˼˺һŵ
ӣ¹Ը⣡
е˼΢Цſ
ӦͤҲܼسġ
еĳŵӦͤһҾأص
زУ
༸ԱĽѣȻûдǣֽ˰Ǵȥš
иˣֻÿҪǸһЧҵĻᣬǵҲԸ⡣
ǧֱһŭ֮°ȫߣϢɱֲԼλ
ӦͤԼеΣִΣж٣ÿ˰
ȱĹ٣˵ǻûУȫһֻ赶Ūǹɱе佫
Ҫ帮õ˱ȻǲԼֱӦͤة
ȥ˱ٸ𰸣û뵽ӦͤЩȴ
Ŀǰؼһǣܹ໧˿ʮࡣ
ȻⲻЩ˿ڣЩӦжʮ
ǰص˵̰£Ϊūǳࡣ
аʮĶųɶڴС
δǰʱ׼Ϊȥ󻧡ϾսڼûҪ̫ࡣ
ƽأռ׺ƽԭó
ظ֮УԼʯʵβȷ
ĬĬˣٶʳģУƽҲÿʮŵסȫһµĿЩ̫ˡ
ٲҪһЩС
˿ظӼң֮ﲻȱǿԶЩʳΪս׼
й滮Щȥ¸ͭ
ͭа˰ٽ
ҪЩǧⶼǴũũߵġ
ҪҪģظ룬ظ룬ÿµһΡ
ʹϻ˭ȥ󣬵֪ǹȥġ
䭽˵ĵҲòˣԱ˰Ѽһ
ЩҪ˵˶ĶҲûСûĻ̫ԭҪǿɾ̫̰ѹε̫ݣЩ˸ûᡣ
ȱĹ٣Ȼ覴ãȴ죬ǻǾôһʱǡ
Σ˸ήңҲӹԾˡ
ƽ
ѹյ̰ٶڶû˹أǽ
⻰˶ʱһɣæߵл
ȴ
ȱлѱĻ޹ٴηǵʱְߣ٣ɱͷֱ飡
һĨͷϵ亹æԼһЧҿúð£һΪ
䭻ӻȥֻ˹
⣬ǧ⹻ũߣ˿ũ
Ǹˮǽȹģ⻰æʵ
ؿ¹ٵȲԸǿаնũ󲻶ࡣũ۶ϣʵڿϧּ۸̫ߣʯͷľͷĺãʡ¡
𣬴ʱûôʺͷľ۸ߵľˣ͵ũһֱûõռ
ѹϴϽĶľ硣
±а취֮еʵ̫٣㣬Ǵȥһ˶󣬲ʮܰã
Ŀһ
Ŀʵ̫ˡ
ĿʵǹˡҪԭϣһѾҲʮ
Ҫѵˡ
Ǵʲô
ƺҲûּۻ۵ء
ڿţ޶СҲڿǡ˸ſһߵڣҲûбİ취
ؿܰáֻǶʮĿ̫޴󣬹ٰ룬ٲҪ͵͵˽ˣ෽㣬ټ˽ȹٿ󣬿Ҫ໨ЩǮС
䭵˵ͷ
ȻȥϢհһӦиӳʸ
ס²й¶κˣΨʡ
֣ص
£¹ʡá
ڶ죬ܿ䭳һŵӣдһ·Ҫĸѡ
ȣ뿤ǵذ˰ٶ·;Ҫһ¡
䳵ҲҪǽȥ
˶䣬Ͼһһ峵ÿ峵300Ҫ700ټ700ˡ
ټΪ˷ͽѺˣ·;Ҫкڣټһٶʮ
һ·˳·ѴԼҪ700ᡣ
700ҲҪǮģÿٵøʮĹǮܹҪ630ᡣ
ٿʮһ˽Ҫʮһߺϼ10250ᡣ
ټϹٿ˽Ĵ㣬1000Ҫġ
ܹһҪ12680ᡣ
䲻㣬ʱӲˡ
20ִ᲻ʮ󿨳£ȴҪǧ˻һʱȥˡ
ӴĶ飬һ·ҲȻעĿ
룬ֶ͵ʱжҲ΢ЩΡ
ӣȥǮ䭱ˡ
ûã߹㱧˱ˡ
Сסôһʱ䣬Լֳĸڣʱ䭣ÿ춼鲻ϵǳЩ⣬֮ǰŽˮࡣ
˰ЩҵĶظԸµؽ̵
ţȻ£Խ
ĸʱŮӶЩ¶ǻ¡
磬֪γ˶ٶ𣿡
߹۾ģȻ˷ܡ
ôǮǲڷϻܿˡңЩǮǳ̰ٵģΪء
ؿ
нˣ
߹˷ܵصͷ˱ܽҳ淭
һɨȥǼǧĶ鱦ι10ᣬƱϼưֻŶ12ᣬܼۡһ˼ֵʮĶͭǮǾʮᡣ
ȻлǰȥһӷͽﳭΡ
ʹˣҲʮٸɼЩڿѹεжݡ
ЩǮϣȴϼó
˵ģǱ֥ԪȺūǲˡ
㹻ǮȥǰŸλžȼã˳֧ŵ´ػճɵʱ
ǧĶʵ
ͷжѾֲˣ
߹ԴҲǹ˵ģѾСֻʣĶûü֡
䭵
ƸЩǴӾǴǻũȥָʣĶȫˡ
߹ȵصɴ۾
磬Ķȫ˵Ƕ̫óԣǶ̫ϼۡ
ҪЩʲô߹ҲǺŬЩεġ
һᣬ֪ʲôĶΣΪʱ˺ܶӣҵʱ˽ˡ
ջԺ֪ˡص˸ӡ
ֶѾ˴һ꣬Ϊ̫ߵƷ֣ҩáΪ߲˶̫ܻӭ
Ϊ߹Ҫʵ׸ʲôֱ֪ӵ
Ǻðɣȥš
˸Ȼˣ˸ûȤĬĬ̾
Ը̫Ҳ̫á
*
£Ҫæµ
׵ģǰϽǽӡǮȺΪūİա
Ӧͤϸںֱ֯һθĻĹܺȫָƽݡ
Щһֵ֥ԪУֱӷ˸ļ
ڴеģҲֱӸ˼ûиκá
̰ǿĽѵ
û޳黹ߵأҲûд󻧸Ϊ£Ծطˡ
Щֵأ³Ĺ涨ÿձҪǮܷˡ
񴺸ʱѾ˴룬ûٵҪˣٲûôλЩ˳֧ŵһյļڡ
һЩȥ·ׯӽͼӰؼӿ޽Ľȡ
ҲǴͷٵ
ְȥϱʳֽ˺ܴһֹλ
޷ŵģԿһٰľȼÿʵҲģϢǮ黹
һţϽܿѵİǹ˰ӡ
ÿжſĶ¡
⣬һҪ±Ǽ˰ա
׼ȷ˵ԭλʱп˰ֻ͢涨ǲ֡
ǿǸط͢ʵ˸ĵͷ˰ʳҲòƥ֣ÿ껹аµۣûˡ
ΥѾֹ̫࣬Ա˵ÿأڳſʾҽеĴ峤ټߡ
ר֯˼ӵȥãǷ˽Լ롣
ǵʹص֪ҲǼнβˣʱʮֹԾ
һʱ䣬ǳﻹҰаնܵ˿Ķʱڸ̾Ǻð
̰٣ˣˡ
˶ſһֱǡ
̰٣԰Ӱıˡ
ǣõµ鱨󣬱ٴαĿĽһɽˡ
ζǴͨѡģûдټɽҲ࣬㲻ϴô˳ܹʮ˵Ĵۣǻٶ˵ķѡ
ջȵһλҪ䭵Ŀֶⷿ߰ĲмʳӪ͸жһʹͣϲۡ
֮Ҫ¼æýŲմء
*
֮ԭӪ
Ȼůʿȴûʲô񣬺ܴһ˶ƼݣŲص·лڵزš
סլȴǸƽÿʳ϶˴ѵļ߹ؽξһ͸裬òľ֡
һӪָʹҴҴͷ߽ϲ⣬ߵλλΪؽߣ
ĩջؼ̽ףǿһ׮ϡ¡
ԭ߾һ϶ǱˣλӪָʹʿ
ؽԬ˱ƣʵ
°˵ȴһӵ¡
Ӫָʹ
λڳһ粨ضΪӡǮ¿ѹˣ˵Ҫ͢䡣
ؽü
⣿
ԬѫңȻͽӵţ֪λͷ˫Ĵӱʵ䵽Ƨ
ᴦÿһ㶼ȡ
ôºʰϾҲǵ鲼ҰĴӣûЩȨıǱ䵽˵طһɽݶȻҲҪϰġ
Ӫָʹȴ
ȻֹЩȻСôŽ
漴ѹøˣ
СĻʱ˷˹˵Ǵȫʤٶɽ˵ͷ˵Ҫƺڳͷͽ
⻰ʱԬɫǵУһĨ⡣
ٶɽˣȷˣ
ȻȷСĸνٶϴλɱٶء
Ԭһƿеľˣֱ壺
бҪȥݻһλˡ
*
æ֮Уӭһ֮Ŀˡ
ԭؽԬԶݼ
ڶӪؽӵĿıš
ԭؽ
䭷ԭļ䣬֪λؽӦǳѫңͲܴ󣬻ܾ
ھԬҲͷ֮ǲ֪λؽʲô¡
˶ˣҲɻ󣬺֪ܿ𰸡
ϻظУ͵·֮
һţһ佫ͷ߶š
Ԭõˡ
䭹Цݴ˸кͬʱźۼشλؽ
ʮ겻ʮͣȴѾͦŸ΢΢ͻĴӣɳڣ͵Ľ죬ǾЩ켣¥ݵӵܡ
ԬϴŸЦ⣺
£ǶԲס˵Ǻ¹ݼˣκξæһֱûᣬҪֲźã
СС񣬻Цɣ
˵žͷϸľӡ
ԭǣʱҪģѾһ£ͻ鲻һʱ䡣
ǳ滰ѡ
䭵Ҳû𴩣ЦӹԷѡ
գԬסˡ
аӹȻǸЦ꣬ڴˣݳסĹ㲻һܱȵġ
ãˣǵڡ
£ʵ¹ٴ˴ǰһСҪæ
е
Ԭؿֱ˵ǡܰģȻǲڻ¡
Ԭ
¹ţǰɱһɽˣغЩͷǷʵҪŵ¹ԭȥۣҲһЩӡ
ӦҲ˵߹ǣһױϮһ˵Ͳˣ¹٣Եǣһ¡
ȻҪͷġ
Сͷƾ
䭶ڶԷĴѾȻȴͿ
ɱᱻɽ˵ͷסֻ½һ
Ԭ׸Ҳ֪ԼĴûôùλӣԷ֪
Ǳ㲻˵ףһҧ
£Լ¹ҲԲˣǶҲûã¹ȥЩ¹Ȼ˵µĺôҲȡ衣ʮһٸһұۣΣ
Ҫǵͷô¹ҲȫҪֻ༴ɡ
ʮһͷίʵǼߵļ۸ˡ
ͷ۸򲻵һͷ벻ԷıҪԡ
䭱ѵ
ǾеҲţԬ˸߼ۣбˡܾöһǽнһĿ
˵ϣԬҲˣ
£ʵɱ빦ûôףбºͣǻɱӡ
һͣо
ɱðͱͷʶˡҪüͷ빦ͷĻʵ϶Ҳûôɵ
Ȼ˺ԭ˳룬ƶһƼݣЩڳȾƵıֲԭ
ɽǣʳһֱܺãñ׳첲Ҳ׳ϻõճļӣͱǳӽ
ɽҲôôģ黫ֺ£ǰԬҲɽ˶˼ȴͷûɱԼʧСһǧˡ
ʵ̫òʧ
ңԭôףһǧһǧʧ
Ͳ࣬ٶ𣬿ɾסˡʱҪǲս͵ǣһˣﵣôΡ
Ի绨Ǯ
ԭƵطΣգˣֻϿ뿪
۸ȷʵǹһЩֻ¹ТģԺҪǻУ۸¹ٱɣ
ǮȻҪΪܵġ
䭿ŶԷֺõЦº͵صͷ
ԭ뱾ôӦȻҪԺȥȡǡ
ԭؾʼǸв
ؽ˴İѱǮ᲻Цɡ
*
º󣬾
һС̫ϲ̵ܽţ
£ԭݣն׼࣡
ӵļӵ⻰һ㶣ŵüȷϣ
˵٣
С̫սսظ
࡭
ӵ̵
׼ģȥ
˵׼Ѿ͵˱ӵ۱̰ڼȥ˱
ּӵ⣬ʵǱǿᣬʮʿǾûʲôʤ̡
ֱǧܴʮµǳ
ѣֻð׺ƽԭǼóȥ˹ʱȥףס˱ֶһֲ䡣
ߵģȴÿÿպʱϱߵĳǿӡ
߳ؽҲֿȻȥ磬ΪĴӺѵǼʧǧȴ¼űֵͷ
ʮ׿ԽһΣҲԨʾвһǧˣƽʱ빦ģʮˡ
ٶһֵôףĴݣ
ӵ۹ȥʱѾһȺĹԱΧһƺõ׼۰ָָ㡣
£
ϲ£ԭݣ
ڶԱ¹ϲ
ӵ߹ȥִֿһЩ׼沿ӯ⣬۰ʵ׳ϻе룬Ǳɣ
ܺãܺã
ӵ˺üմã
ȥպ󣬹ףԭݣƷϾٽԿЯҾи磡
˵ţֵڱ˵αɵԬ֮
Ԭ䣬˸öӣղԶҪر߹أݲܵͣȴúúý׵ģ
˵ţԬɰƽ𣬰ƥУһʱҫ˫
ʱӵ۶ԬԱС⼫ˡ
˾ڱ֣ǲٵԭһߵİΣǸӣҲȫǧӪΪˡ
ǳ˳ҲӲԭܱľǿɱ


22 
յĹ֮͢У ŵƽʣϲζ
б˾յĳﱸ󣬽ʵ۽̫͵Ⱥ
ֻûʵ̫͵⣬ Ʈ ʮĽңҸʳţǣ жǹλλߵģ ǹλλЩġ
ʳϯλֹ徻ȴֲһ˿ϲ¡
ȻƼ붯˵ ˶޷ܣ ڽʾ֭βڻʵǰЩͷ ֵûʵ۵Ļġ
ʹܣҲԼγ˴©
Щ³çӽհεͷ ˵ܶεķлվ Ʊ羴
ʥٽ˴ԭȡ˽ݱǸӢ䣬 ӣԭ߾չ սʤʣ Ϊϵʥٺ񣡡
ĸʵ۵Ĳϲ˷Ǳˣ ֮ء
𿪹ǰļλʥ֮ ӵλڼ䣬 ʵûȡʲôĹһسȥʵ㲻ʲôѫ׿Ļʵۡ
ȻĴϾһѾʼˡ£Ȩڴ֮ʱֻһγǳأѾǺΪˡ
󳼻Ҳ׷׷ӦҾߺ
ӱ£Ӵ
ӵЦ£еضĻӵ
ƽմ֣ȴТĿɼΣôԶʱգͼǵ޵ʥ٣
վʾԼʱ̸֮ܵɵʸ˵£¼С΢ҲԸȥġ
ӵۺȰؿ
˭ѧģղģȱѧϰĻᣬ޴ߺ̵Ȼá
⻰ʱõµĴ󳼻з׷â̫Ӹǽסеòײסϵ顣
༸Ҳǰҧ
˭ܲǵʥٽƫһ˵ԵһТģĶǰһ
ǣ׷î㾢ȿֺ˵黰ȤҲһʱ޸ɣʵմãﶼһڵӡ
Ψǰŵ᲻𾢶ȥмӵۣаǡ
Ҳ֪ԭؽǷ˺£ñ
棬Ǳ߿ǺãôӲʲôܵ⡣
Ѿ뿪ˣҲû˴Żɽ·Զǧȫ֪Ǳˡ
´ߵУ·аգΪʮأ֪ܲɽˮ֮ص٣ߣǿѹͷߡ
߻ʵԶģǱ֮ضƴȨĿرض롣
ֻĿǰʲôҲﲻֻܰżѡ
*
ڷľǣǳԭݵϲ֮ʱ뾩ǧ֮ؿȳ
Ѿǵˡ
ͷ죬Ǿʧ󣬻ŬŹЬӵϲ׽ɾһһҹķܶȳȴȫûм١ȫԸĶԿͷ·ˮеһɰûκá
ֻؿǵصĻȳͣѾӵĵϣǵϣһһʳ
ĵøã಻һ¾ͿջǱԹһ꣬ЩĻߺȴֻʲôʣ
ŬŻȳ棬ƴһĳԶԼҵĵȴֻܽƣصڵ޺
˹飬Ҫǽ˲пĳͷ
ŮдʵϣõһЩʾ
ȻڵĻȳ޶ԵŰš
ȫسŵ⣬ȫ˳Ұ֮ٿӵ
طĹżòײҵ취˵ǻȳ⣬û
ɫһ̴վҰ֮䣬ǵűȳڱεǺϼա
ʦүɫеص
̣춼ˣҪǻǻسǰɣѾҹûˣôȥŲס
ԭؿֲ̫
ɫڣֽҲǴּ룬ʦүݣ¶Ҫ˵ɲ֪ũͳһʿ
ֲȴҡҡͷ
ȷ˷ǷЧ
ҹĻ٣ЩͷĻѱؼΨһĹԴȻǴĻȳѭΧŻ裬Ȼǰͺ̵ر߸Ļ£˻֮С
Ǳ˴ҪЧˡ
û뿪Ĵһ󻶺
ȻȴҲðЩг
һ񺺴İ˿һĻʧɫ
˲кȻή¸ĳͷģ죡ҿѣǲ鰡
ָرߺţҲԥ֮ɫ
ֲ״æǳ⣺
޷޺һɺ£
ǰҪϺߡ
Ϻȴǲߣʹļַŭضֲ
شˣʱҪһУվ㣬ʩҰʬѪƤëɱأŻǴ
ѴҺôңҪִԲ򣬼ˣ
ֲüͷøƵģص
˵ʩҰʬѪ붯һΪ˷ʵأк֮˵Ϻڴ˴Իڣֱ
ȥ
æȥҶˣϺȴ󺰣
飬ǴģǴģ
ĺҹԵˡ
ٴ˽ȴηڿȨҳ
һҹ֮󣬻ȳȷʵһЩûرͼӰЧ
ʱ򣬴ȥĵȣ˵룬ҶӶеһ㲻ʣˡ
취ûЧʩе̫ˡ
ٴ˵ͷޡ
ֲһƬǽҰ硣
ÿǰϦƲӵʱȥؿǴ󺵣ռбûٴ
ǰͷܳһӣձѾҰΪʳˣЩطҰҲûˣֻܳԹ
ҶŽյϣš
һʲôҲûˡ
ٲַоȼãҪҰ䡣
ص鷿ֲ㿪ʼдۣ͢뿪ַ翤ȼá
дӣ㽻ʦүԸ
Ӽ͵ȥ
ʱվϵͳûôҹͣÿҲֻ
Ӽģֻı߹ؾ顣
ӼѾһصȨޡ
ʦүȴЩԥ
̣߰Ǳʥ٣ʱȥպڱʥǰ͵᲻᲻̫ã
⣬дǰֲͿǹˡ
ȥ꺵֣ؿһȼãͲ࣬ٳż죬ʱȼñûֵĿ
ɻһǴӶģشؿ֣á
ǱȻҪӸԶĵطټϢһһʹۣû£ʳ޷ġ
Ҫܻʥ٣ʥǰһ¶ӡ
ȵˣϻԼʱӣҲЩա
ֲļ£֣õվӼٶȣ͵ǰ
*
鷿ӵ̨ߴҳһ¡
İӼ̨յĺ󣬱͵ǰһ˭Ҳ
ӴİӼӣӵ۵ɫܵγˮ
ؿ֣󿪲ַӱ𿤵ʳȼá俤˵ʮ𼱣񣬴ٲþ
֣
췣
ӹһֱ콵Ｚگիһ嶡
ӵ۾ֱһİƳϡ
ĵгߣӢ䣬񰮣ԲŻʥǰϦԭ߾չȡôݡ
֮ǲŵģɶȹͳǼкôģȻҲܾ
̶̲ʱ䣬ʹؿֵϢЩ޷޸
ǻʵۣ֮
ͷＺگԼʧ֣кڣ
ƫƫİӼӣ̨ѾüԱˣѺţݺ鶼С
ӵӵֱк޶⽫Լѿصؿأ


23 
ؿ񵽵ײܷŲܡ
ӵΪǰ ҲǾֹ²һЩģ׶ҰȻ䡣һˣ˻ǲġ
ôձ ȥѹǮ ȥ֣ٶЩգʧһЩ ܻġ
ܿ죬 뵽һȫĺð취
мĸǰ㲦һ󣬵ڶСϣͶԳؿֵ¡
˰һ öʱѻȸ
ǰӻ˵ʵԲԭݣ ȻܶⲻǸƨ Ҳøġ
ȴʵʵġ
֣޲Ԥʾŵʧ Ｚʡ
ЩȻǲͷһðͷ˵ Щǹҹ̸ִҿڡ
ȻһʷϳΡΡվ
£콵֣ʾ Ｚ˼Ϩŭ
⻰һ вٳӸų͡
Щ֮Լӵ  Լ֮֮ϵģ ˼ Ｚ
ȷʵ쾯ʾҲʵϴ
ӣ˵ˣή
ֻǣвôģҲС
ΪԼĶû˵ʲôɫ糣ؿڶ೯ķӦ
ʱհŵĴ󳼱ˡ
ݵúԣµӢ͵£Ͽɰģǰӵԭݱ֤ҿؿָ
һҲ
˵ԵеĲǹ͵֮λڼ䣬һи֣ô˵
˵ţӵ۹˹֣£ڶаʾ
ؿֲʩŶʬѪƤëԴ˲ֶø߲˲ι׹֮ӣ
ֲˣԭǸƧ֪أְڼ䣬ȰũɣйΪؿء
εĵطͨνʩʻø߲˿ΪѾֻһ˲ιˡ
ֺüӵ۵Ĵ⻰ǰԵ
лֲؿûãؿ󺵣ַ֣ɲʾô
⻰еʵ۵ĸԼķ߷׷׸͡
δضν׹аؿֵĹƵֲϣôҲƵӵϸá
࿴Щһһ͸һʵйĹֻޱȡ
żӵȨأⰢķ֮ԽԽʢˡ
վ
£ֲũѧңµķʵ֮޿ɺǣξͳ׹֮˵ˡһΪ񣬴ߵزĵģΪطٱʣ
ӵһĨ⡣
ֵ¿϶˲ʶʱֲӦñΪʣǺֵֻ£ѵʵ
϶ΪʹǰһԲʵ۵£
ǷǵҪʥٽѰֱֲһ֮ѣ
ֶϲһص⣬ضûӣֲˣ˵ʲô˵Ӿ
Ͼöֵ¿࣬ҪЩףȨϣ˿ַ
࣬λ˵ֲֶֻκŷģҽ˵ˡҲΪεģ
⻰ֱӰ༷ҵ޻˵
ֲȷʵεġ
ֻܵ
˽֮ģֻǾ¶ѡ
Ȼӵûֱ
ؿֲʩչа飬۰աȫҴЧȣ
£ŵؿ
ţһΪѵΪôһĪеҪط
ӵ۶ĲӶֱӵ
ֲСǧ´󣬵ҪĻҪú񡣡
˭Ҳ˵˵òԣаķ֮¾Ϳ޵
µϵգӣ
ˣҲֻܸſ䡣
ЩоòףֲĽѵǰ˭⵱ͷȥùͷ
ܿ죬ұֿʼ۴ĸʳɺȥֲ֣Ҳû
ֻĬĬ̾
˳صϣĵĳ棬Ը
װһЩ̲ֲһҷ䵽ȥ
û˵䵽ʲôطпɲصġ
ԭֻһı߷λԭߣҲֻһٰʮ·̡
ؽ֪ЩģǸǮۿ֮ʹЩǮֲһ΢ùЩ
ҷؿֻð˰·̣֮ҪˣֲһҴżѺŲйȥҲЩ·;֮ࡣ
ȹϸһ꣬ͷûôˣ˵ôӰֲӹȥ
ƶ֮Ķֲ࣬óũ£ܰϴһҲδ֪
ֲӵĶ£ҲܺΪЧҡ
*

ĵ磬һ˵Ĳжؿųǹžݵؽ˳ǡ
м޶ϣͷЩͷ沿׶һɽɡ
Ǳ档
ȥȥ˷˻ˣ˺ôͷ
⻰һؿ·ܣûõ·Ա㵽Χߡ
ȻѾǿĴν˷˿ˣȱֻɽ˵Ŀǰ˵Զǰٿϡ档
ۣαϴλͷһδݰ
̫ˣɽɽ˶챻˰ɣ
ٺ٣ʹû꣬˵ǿ£Ҳŵˣ
пڣĸ۵ķͽǵؽҰ
˵ҪĽ˭ûôõĿأ
˵Ӣ¼ǽͦţΪӵһλıӶԽʮ㡣
˵ǰˣѲߵҲ̲סͣ½ŲפۿжӶľӡ
ݳıС䣬ЩӪĥѩĳǹǹͷϵƤףۣ
Ƥ׿ãǣֻټףûʲôá
һţҲ
ǰ㿴ǵǹͷǵģǻڡ
Ѳ߱һһص
ǽɱôɽˣ϶Ҫǰɣÿ˶ôǮĽˣ
˵۶һҪǾһЩܳɵү𣡡
ǶǺԶ¶ˣ˵Щİɣ϶ҪɱͷʹƵģ
һٵı⻰ʱ˹
ʵĽĻǵĻʳ֪𣬸ղЩʵǿӪľ˵ǿǰŴӱȥġʱҲǿģЩͨһֻݺж㿴ڣ϶⣬ҲˣɼԵжˣ
ţзȨ
ɲǣϴȥӪţ³˶νĹ͡üһÿͷĻȥò˵ÿ˻һ⣬һˣͷɶˣʮ飬ˮҲ㣬ˮ
Щ˵ÿ϶һ塣˿ǰʮӻʳãǹܱسԣϳܺһר飡
ڴʱͨ˵Ǽݳ޵¡ܶͥʮ¶δسԵһأֻÿĻʳѰռҴ롣
༸Ѿ˵üˣʱҲȻһ
Ҫܼ뿤Ӫױöã
ǰԵúôúãɱн
ؼܸſѧ£㿴ǰȥ˷˶Ѿѵıÿν˷˴ȫʤ˵û
ЩĿСͻȻӿһɳ嶯
˵ܲȥЧң뻤Ӫ
ȻѾ뷨ģһˣʿ


24 
ΪҪ֣ ٽղ󳼽ʮ죬㼱оϵؿ
ʱָոչѾ뼢ġݹ᾵ڳиٰʩŶӣ ǰʢǳϡ ֻһҰ˵Ļ
ƤףݵĶ飬ٿǴѲӵĽɫ죬 һЩ΢Щʶİնʱǰһ 󺰵
ղˣʵղˣ
شʾ߹ңѾʥϣ˶ã ʥϱȻ֡
ˣ ˻̿־űס
񿴵ղ ɲֵҲҪôҿϣ жˡ
ǰǽϢ棬 ѹֵǣʱ˼ʻ
ղֱöȥ֮ǰûؽκ֪ͨ
æֵĿأڰ˷ѿʳȼü֮ һЩȥѰһȳµĳѶѨ뿪ˮ䳹ɱ ٴΣ
ˣ ղˣȥӭӡ
ЩֵĲ ΪղٽðΧˡ
ǰӲղ ƺ̰
ֲٷ ϽȥӭӣҲһЩɻ
˵רѲӵղ֮ǰǻ֪ͨһģԱطٳӭӣεղȻֱӾˡ
ѵ˵¶ؿɣղ飿
Ȼһ߳ȥղݵĽϣоһɱ֮
ľˣˣ¹δʱ֪ؿϢʧԶӭ֣
Ҿ
طھǰҪǫһЩģ¶ԷְЩҲһϾӸǰʥġ
ңλղ󳼣һλɡ
ְʱ򣬸պüλƷԱ
Ȼȴûиѵ˼ֱӵ
ܿأ׼ּɡ
ֲһ㶣Ͻȥ׼㰸
һ׼˸
ؿֲּ
ֲæּ
ؿֲʩչа飬۰աȥְȫҴЧȣ
⻰ǧشֲϣһʱѡ
Լʥǰӿܻڱ²õӡ󣬿ôҲû뵽صĺ
ûʩչаֻķʵ֮
˵ţץסһץס˵۽ǣ
ˣ㣬һؾ磬Щʵ֮ȷʵߵزʲôаҲǴӶǨƶ¹޸ɰ
ֻԼôҲûϵⷢ޶С
Բܾʹ
ɵȫһģһȵ
£
һ䣬мʿסǵñٷֱӸ˳صļ
ֲȥץᱻղһ
ʿͨͨ˸úԺֲҾסĵط
ܼҼҾʲô¶֪㱻ʿֱذ˵ϡūͷҲ乫ʿڸкֱײ
ҵĻҲ̵һЩˮģȻܼסټĸۡƹһп꣬ȻֻʮūͣļҲǧ
˵Ǯƶˣ
ӵĽͷֲķݺʡ
ʱѾ֪ԼǱʵ۷䣬Ҫųˡ
ֲķȻҲҷֻ˵
ûˣүֻҵ
ͷȴǲţ
ûУһأֻҵƭɵأˣ
ڴʱŮ˵İԼʧҲˡ
ֲǸҹ㣬СŮ鳤⻰ŵøεѣ
үǰɣûвأ
ɽͷ飬ֱӾͻȥ
һʱڼп޺ڶ
գŮȫ˸飬ȴûѵʲôսǱëذĸŮ˵ĶӣȦӵȫ
ĸŮͷңѺ⵽˸ô
ŮһûӸղŵľлعר̵ۣ˰̶ãҪǵĶͷգӣֱȫһ֣дϳص㷮ǣīɫ
Ǵ֡
޷ĳӡǡ
ҲǷֹԱܵİ취ӡǣ¾ˣҲܿᱻطĹٸץס
ʩ̵ۿŮв̡
ܿǸˣЩܺͰҪҪ֧ǮӲʱ򻹻ǮǳԷ
صļҾҲŰ֮ͽһӶûС
ż˾ֵӣֻʵеĴǧ
ְҪǲضᰤӶ롣
Ҫ
ͷֵķ룬˶ּˡ
ֱǰץסǰͷϣǰʩ̡
۵ˣˣһҧǰ֡
ϴСٻ˼ң²Ƕ฻ȴҲѾźŴûܹһ˵ģʱﾭĿ̣¾ҽ
ֲСŮҢֱ˹ȥŮҢҲŵɪɪ
ΣǻǱʩʹ̷
ֲѺŽηʱһŮĲҽС
ǴŮʶҪķȥǣ
Ң
ȴѺĽ˻һϣ
ʲôֵˣ
Ȼһѽƽηѵš
żηľ룬ŮǱʱĲҽУֲ絶
ŮҵҪŮӴ˿϶ͷ϶Ҫ֣⼸ڻݡǻǺεȾʹ࣡
һس嵽ű߽кɳ˻ؽһٱӣȴʲôҲ𲻵
Ҳ֣һֻصηĸɲϣ˫ضš
뵽߽һĸǳ˹ȵס
Ϊ֪һҵĿѲŸոտʼ
ΪԱͨɷȻҲ֪󵽵ǹʲôӡ
зѺ⵽߽󣬱ūƽ۵Ļȵ˴̵ʱ򣬱ᱻϵǰȥһڻҡ
ŮңǰǾӪɨ첹µ͸ھӪʿȥӪ˵ҹ䵱ˡ
౻ĹټŮ춼ѡԾ
İޣŮҲġ
֪ʲôʱڽƣк۾ΰѼ䣬ȴŮǵľֵĿ޺ѡ


ѣѣ
㲻ҪŮ
˯ŵҲѹ׷ǼηϹȥ
ֲһıݺ߬ס
ôˣ
ûİӵĻӦֻúŮ
ôˣ
СŮ޺Ÿ
ϵԾˣ
ֲ׻
ˡ
һ˲ȫһجΣúõصŹ٣ްŮҸİôˣ
ûãǱŮĿ̧ϵʬˣ·ʱֲγѣһͼֱȥ
˵ץסһ۽ǡ


ֲ˺ѷεغӵ̧֣ʬĽӣȴֻԷһӡ
ۿ̧ӵʬ壬ȴʲôҲˡ
һ˲䣬ֲľˡ
Ȼٻ֮ңȴǵײС٣Ҿᡣ
ӵʱǵƷԱ֮Ůôŵˣȴδ͸¶һ˿
˻ԽԽŨɪ˵ĻΪŮԶƶ֮ظΣѸµĻ԰ٳɲ԰飬ټ࣬Ҳû˿ıԹ
һֱãԼ񰮣Żͻӡ
ƷϵĹԱ޿ɵھ
Ӻ翪ʼаԷģһҪΪھ⡣
һûȴʵ۽ŮһԿࡣ
ʫ飬ضҲ֪󽫻ʲô֮ң軹
ѡ񣬿޷ʧȥʵ
޷ԭԼԼǣ˱ܾ
ûһӣȫҸ֮֡
ȫλ߸ϵĵĶ
ֲ˫۳죬ʹشŵأֻ޲Բл
֪ԼܣŮ
ҲˣŮҪô죿
һʮ꣬һʮ꣬һͣŸոտʼ
û˸ףǱκһûˡ
֪ʲôʱϣηͷ
ֲǿԼסۣͷͷԼ
ͷж
жԷһ¡
ͷܿˣֲͨһڵϣ
ܲܰһ£ҷԾˣ屻̧ˣ㡭ܲȥҵ壬һ¡෱ֻҪΪľˣ
ŸϽ
˲ˣС̾ȥ죡
ҴҶȥ˺üʱŻ߹ʱȴʮݵӡ
ֲһ
ôˣ˳𣿡
ع£
ˣСĶԲסҺò״ѷ嶪ڣȥʱôҲҲǱЩˡ
ֲĲȣֱӵ˵ϡ
ؿȱѾãʲô³Ҳ֪
ӣİӣȻ㶼䲻ţҪ˰Ƥ̳븹
δйһ̣ʹĵ
*
ڶգֲɳɥĸʹеŮĸĸһѺǰǡΪʵطһǱ뱻Ѻġ
һ·ؿİΧۡ
ֲ֪ʱͱʮﲻͬΣؿİǿǵĿʹ޵ģ˳Ƕʯͷĭ
ЩֲԴķʵ֮ǡ
ǣְǺôңǱһˣǾ͸ñǧУ
ñʥʱǣղҹ̸֣ǲ֪ҪǶˣ
ҶҶӾΪǲŻ
á޺ڶ
ֲľѾˣɴʱȴý˱
Ǵˣ̶ʱ䣬Ŀڱ˼תֱ£ض˰жֽš
̱ʥ£áǴѣλжղֻ˭ء
ղںˣ롣
ʱ˿̣λ߸ϵļӵ۵Ŀ
һжѾˡ
ҼʹʲôأȻĻȨʲô
סŮԼƽѡ
˸ǿ׳ˣĸյֲŮʲôҲѱ˼
ңؿ뷮ǰ˰·Ҫһֱųصļ޷ȡ£Բ˯ãÿ컹Ҫ·üʮҲŮǵԲ
޷ģҲѾȥڳûκοڴʱṩ̵ѣЩ๤Ľο϶ŮչһЩ
ŶʮصļգСŮ㷢˸ա
ŮҺЩȴҲۿɼرݡ
үкãҼɿɣ
Ϲسżͷ
Ȼȴǽݺݵһӣ
˵ɣͷзģ·ϲˣʱȥǽ˲˭Σ
ֲҲǹүѵЩأҿǹΪǣ
ְֲ˹ٸѺͷ˵ʿˣǼ鲻Ը۸СŮһ뽪
ڶּ·СŮСûԹκοͷ使ֻ˽ûĲκκתԽˡ
·ʼ
ôȥºѻߵǡ
ֲļ٣ȴûκΰ취
ϢһߣǸܣÿӦõȷ涨ҪصݱС
죬ڹٵϣȴͻȻƥ
ߵʱϵӷԽһȭѯʵ
ʾүѺ͵ֲһң
һͷغǳ
ټҵ£ƽͷոô𣿡
˵䣬ȴؿŶԷòİɣ
Ȼ˵һ˵һǣ˼壬һǲء
һЩѺһ㶼»ڡ
һȴһ£ʹ˸ɫȻԼǰʵ
ֲʲôˣ
óһƣһʱɴ۾
ฮ
ڳ˶һ
ֵصͷ
ûү֮Уǰտܴһңλүи㡣
˵ţʹӻóϴöӣһһöѺԱ
ȵ˵ͷүлλ𽫴й¶ȥ
ѺԱʱɫĸ
ôҲû뵽ֲѾȴôĿɽ
ˣǶԴֲ̬ȻҪһˡ
˵ǮãûǮЩССҲϲðŵķȥֲһҰ
ౣţֲԺǰ;λδ֪
æֲ
ӴܴˣȻйʣô˵أ컹ǶԲˣǧСǼƽϰ
˵ǣֲҲһͷˮ
˵ȷʵβŵοأĴӵ뵳û׽
ôҲû뵽ʵѾٲȻǰ;ྐྵȻ㣡
ˣܿŮǶ˳
Ϊǳ³صļȻŶ
ܴˡ߹̫ۣСҪл㵢ʱաίˣ
ˣڴʱҲȻ
ֲĬĬһ̾
డ
Ŀʲôѩ̿ǾĶ飬ֲˣ


25 
µĽ裬 ӪѾȫ깤ʱǰׯѾǴ
ᣬƽֿѵ Լ߸ߵΧǽ͕q¥ѾӪľ߹ģ ɭȻ
Ӫ˶ѾʱӪذ˶Ӫ
죬صĲֱͳڿģ˶Ӫ ˵ʮԶڿҰʵսϰ
ϰ ÿǱһΡ
Ƥףһ׼佫磬ȫ̹ۿš
ֻҰ ɳ ɱ졣
˫ɱһ룬 Ĺ乭ԲΧĶΪз
һźӵڹ꣬ سƽ
Ҳʼɢս Ϊһֱͼɢǵ͡һַɢܿͺ󷽶Žɧţ ͼ˺һȱڡ
ȻҲǳصġ
ǰѶһ һ飬 ѳǹһѵ ǹָҴϵ һõʿõȡ
˫òɿ
ڿҰԾʱõ󷨡
벽ʼսʱ ûԡз
ǣס˵ĵзܵУܿ·磬˫л±Ʒ
ȫʤɸ
һ
ߵзӹϳˣս
ˣСǱܵġз乭һʱ䲻ٵС
зܿòԣתͷɱ
һӵɢС׷зŰ뼺һ𣬿ĿĴɱšз
ڡз٣ܿٴα𡱣ٴλʤ
սЧı
α϶Ը
Ĵ䣬Ч˷ƣͬʱҲȽ˲Բȱ㣬ֵսЧʴﵽһһڶЧ
ȫ̿ⳡϰ¶ɫ
µϸѵŴν˷˵ʵսϰǲǣѸٰսǵĹĵŶѸٱͣҸŹĵηؽ
ǲǣֱӭսĻ϶ԭͨŴγ󣬶ܿȻؼԼλϣû˿ɢ󷨵ļ
ȳ̶ȣϣսһǧڵıȫˡ
ǰǣһĺηɱС
һ׺ըܾƱȫһˡ
֧нֹľӣΪսոʹϵҲȻȡʤ
ԣɱҲȻɶЩѵ
ֻʤ֮һȴȫ
ֲ쿴Ļɱ
ʹǸ뼼ɵĶԾˡ
ԽϰնһҪȲӼ׿ѵ
ҪҲһҪսԣѵǵѵĿҲͬѧ
ˣǵĴӪͱθ
*
˷֮󣬻Ӫƥչٶƥ
һν˷˺ûãڻӪѡһֵˣչˡ
ھµϴܼѵ仹ȲЩһʼϱȴҲ΢Щսˡ
Χɱһ⡣
ֻˣÿһǻǮԴľ䭶ҲΪġ
ÿοʵսϰ㾡ܵضÿһ˶ְֵؽָ
Ϊֱǰһ鼳ȡľʷǧۻսɾָЩ˵ƽά޲˲Ƽá
λΪ޶ȵԼĹηзԼÿһָٿǵ似ܵõһ
ЩѵԺҪģչͻϲ̫ҪԼˡ
һϰ커ӪصӪأһȥӵͨ
Ӫͷ˺üı˵뿤׼Ǽ뻤ӪʱڴţǷҪ
Ѿǵʮˡ
¶Ц⡣
ⰲţӪӪĸԽԼʾֻҪѵɼ㣬пܼ뻤Ӫ
һеĿģȻ
ܹıν˷˵ģѾǧˣӳԶô
ҪеѡˣЧȻߵġ
ԭĻӪһϵȫͬ硣
ǿв϶ǲеģЩϽˮ㣬ܻҲԸҪ
ԣŪһƻ
£ȴһֱԣԼȿֺż뻤Ӫ
ˣҳ϶ȣԻӪϿɶ˱ϣɸѡĵҲߺܶࡣ
£ɢɷӪǶԷ̿ѵʿ
ǻȥӪʿںӪлѡΣѵĿߣѡܡ
㶣ȥ
ݺǴһϢ
¹ȥŴμʶǻӪʵԭݺ㳹ʧȥ˷˼һ»ڷԡ
˵ҪӪѡ令Ӫĵλݺһʾ޳ɣ
ǧ֮壬ĿǰĻҪ˷ˣҪĴѲ뽨裬ﹻʹ͸ѡЩǲˣ
ݺϡ
˲˵ʱƣǻ¡
ÿԸץ˵Ĳһ٣ѹ²ʿСӳͷǶطײʿǴһжŬ롣
ڸжµĵײʿҲӹʾһжָܿʾǿĵײʿ
˵ûÿλӪȫٲһʹ͡
ԾǱԼ˰
ݺ˿̬ȣȻҲԾΪס
ݺ˵ѡˣ
ǰĽ뵽źأ
䭶֮Уֻǰ֪һ
ңҲûȫϣܻ֣ѵʿģΪѡεĺ۵ġ
ѡνǱٴѡһһӦã֧ȡʱű߾˵ʲôʱսյǶҪʿǿɱñʧ
⻰еº֮⣬ݺʱ
˼Ǿûõǰ
Ǻúñ֣ɼסݺλٲˣ
ҡĿһᣬҪøЩ˵Ҳһأ
һ˶Ӫݺľˣ·磬ֻ޲ϾͻһɼÿĿ࿴
ӪĻǣϹӪѡεϢҲǸ˼Ѫһ
׼ʱóˣ
ѡӪǱҲĽӪЩһˣʱҲǿױˣ


26 
ӪļʾˣÿֵĿĿ дһҿȥ
ڶһ磬ӪıǲŸ𴲣ûѵʱ ˾Ӫﺿһɤӡ
⻰סˣ Ͻܵʾȥ
ʱѾϢˣʾΧˮйͨ
С䣬ţ ٵҲС
дʲô 
˽ڽͼʾݡ
Աǵֵĵ
ʲô͸㿴ʾʶһ
ʱıҪƶͥ ʶ֡
ղ̨ϵָʹ˵ˣ òʱ ͻͳһһ顣
⻰˲Ű
Ȼ ûã ԽԽ̨࣬ǿָʹ˱㿪ʼʾϵˡ
һΣҪѡι֣֣ ֣֣ ǹֺͶָɡ
У ֵֺĴߵģ öһǮ Ӫݿˣ Ϊϸţţÿһȼټ300Ǯ
ˮƽȽϱҪߡ˿Ķѡ
ģһͶֵı֣800ġ
Ͷ֣ʲôİҪصʯͷͶ׼Ϊϸ񣿡
֣ѵĻӪжʯͷ˵ı𣿡
˲⣬ʾĻӪӪָʹҲ⡣

ôʲôʱаţ
һҲǣĸ֣ѡ¡
ĥԼسԾҪЩ֣ʱŵػȥϰˡ
ڶܿ쵽
ѡ£䭺ӣճʱ֡
һ죬⴩ɫףźӧñһƥ׳˶ëɫİȣǣһʮżʮ룬̤Ĳ˵ƷǷ
ǶסˣĿĽǾηԼͬ뵽ε
ܸЧԵúôúãǮö࣬ѧΪһ̫ƽܰϲ붼Ѫڣ
һѡΣǧí˾Լ
ѡνܹѡʮʮˣǹָʮˣͶģѡһٰʮˡ
Ͷֵĸߴûسʿǣ̽ԵرͶֵҲμ˿ˡ
ʮ˴Ӽϵıеǰ棬жվãѵʾ
λʿǴӽԺǱӪһԱλڿѵؾ;Űգ𣿡
ܣ

ܺá䭵ͷһӣжӻضӪ
ǣ
ǣǰʮѡڶͬĽĿУͦص߳Ӫ
ôһˣݣ֥ĿĻǿڽȻĿ
Ӫѡε£֪ôڰҲѸٴˣڸֵĴҲ˵˸߰˷֡
֪ЩѡӪǿǵĿҲͬˡ
ԡռĽ𾴵Ŀ⣬ӪϻǸͦţ̤øгӯ˵ҫС
߹Ǳ㽻ͷӶ
˵Щ˶Ǹ㣬űѡеģ
˿ӪԺǰ̿ɾȫһˣղҿҸɩӼҵţˣЩСӿǳϢˣ
˲˽ģã
ǵôʲôֵôСֵģ
ʱ£ֻʵû·Ҳļͥһȥ
һ飬ǳ͢ˡ
ϹҪҪǲҪȥҲֻܹԹӡ
ú͸ָ˵úʵϷֵֻһ룬ԵҲǿָҺڣʮѵġ
ԣģرߵĲ񣬰ҲϲԸŮ޸ġ
ⲻΪ̱Ǻµ߸˿յ
ɱ˵ܺ͢͸ô
ıͽͬҵֵľʵʵģ˵پǶ٣ÿ껹·ӣЩԴͷԵڶǮʤ̻зͣϹҲ۸ǣ˼ǳԴöȣɱЩƽ֮Һ˲֪٣
ӪļҾҲúãķסţ׳ÿ¼һǮãʮĶ˰ɿˣܳһ⣡
˲˽ģ׷𶯲ѡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣô˵ţҶҼСȥˣ
ղʻȴ
״ɱɱΣհһһСɥɲͰôˣҪ޶ģ޶ʧԺô
̵
ǿѵз˷˶ΣûˣǸȥ˷˵Ķ˲ͣ
ôν˷˵Ͷʮɣÿҿɶǽʵʵ30ḧǼжӣĸʮɿӵӪʮǰÿÿҲĸӶŮߣʮ¶ŮɿǮҲɵңÿĸҲշġ
һ𺳲ѡ
ˣеĺ֮ǶɿԲˣսɳҲðİ
ɲǣƶյĿԼˣȻ͸Ŵˣ
ſ¿ãҲ֪Ӫղˣ
ƺϢֵͨ
ֱӽӪ϶ܣԺ󻹻Ӫѡˡ˵ӪҪļȽӪԺӪѡΣܽӪˣ
Ϣ𣿡
Ȼ棬Ϸڲ׶ģǻӪӪָʹ׿˵ģ˵˵÷ָʹߵĸԼҲȥ
⻰˷׷˼
պݺѾȫ롣
ظ˶·ϣǿǰգͰļռȫˡ
ң±ʱʱҪߡ
úöԴ±ѵ˴ˡ
Ȼ󴫻һг̻ı
ڻӪԭһǧ﷢ֵһ˲š
ѾʮͷǸڵӡڻӪѵĿֻǿ񣬽˷ǰĿ˱㱻
൱飬һƤҲر˵
ÿγԷףʲôģܿȰȰȵ˵ͣһ˵Χţ
ϴܻǰСӵʱҪ˹Ҽ֣źۼȥһ
ڶϣȻȡ˲Ч
ʱ˳̻ǮҲʹᡣ
ҪڻӪͳаմôȥ¡
̻Ȼûʧ
о̣ز٣ѵи֮ţҲĥ˼µԣ䭱̻һˡ
ûãõĳ̻ϲ̵ˡ
ЩڿĻӪˮ²ǾҲΪͳúõĹϵʳϴδȱǰԼԲͷԲԵģһ˫С۾Ǿ⡣

һЦҾݼ
䭿ƤЦӣĵ˵ѵ΢Щɫȴǲһ㡣
٣ǰûһŵġ
̻ǽӴκÿιһŲõЦ̬ҲȽɡװĻǱˣʲˡ
ɣα¸˵
̻׵˰ƨɣжʱ˼ϲɫ
ֻܷԸ
ɲҪôӪ˶ͷָʹǣ˭ܵÿ׿ڷԸµġ
ÿסǾͱʲôǿ
ټüˣӪǶͷǣҲûдҫġ
εĲ°òº͵ؿ佱
𣬱Ӷӳ֮ǰһļ˶ĶԼѡˣ˵ֱǲƵ񻹶࣬Ҳʱ䣬ɱñʧ
̻Ϣˡ
ôҲû뵽Լǵ΢ĩȻôص飬˶ӳ
ؼǣӺǶڻӪ֮ıƣֻǲ
˼Ժӻ
ʱɾ뼸ָʹͬȼĴˡ
뵽⣬̻оһ󼤶
Ǵ˵еһ˰
һŴϲ¿ͷ
лΣлΣСıزΣ
䭻ӻ¡
֮ǰʮҲȫٺˡ
ͳһ˸ǽ˾еĸֹƶȺ֣ȫŽӡ
־ܵѵʹ
һǿϿɱԼѵЭͬ
ĵ֣ǹֵ֣ȣԾΪһӣ˲Ӫ
ЩµĲӳǴӻӪѡģȫǹѫ׿ƽĿҲʮʿ
ЩһΣȻǺܸ˵ġ
ȴ
ºĿ˻ûѵЩЩӳҲһͬǾΪ
ˣʮµĶӳʱƤí˾Լļɽ̸ĶԱǡ
һΣʱöϱҲڴһٰʮνͶ֣ϣӳְλ䵽Լͷϡ
ûٲϵĲͶߵĶӳֱӴԭӴúõĶӳͷѡ幦ѫߵˣΪͷÿžʮͶֽѵ
Ͷѵѵصͬһٰʮ˷ΪÿоŸСӡ
СΪһ飬ϱʮصʯһһֵǰӡ
һ꣬Ŀ϶˵һţڶ̽ӣٴ˵ǰĵһź棬ŵӣ˵ǰĵڶź档
ǰĵһֵǰ棬ԡ
Ƿյĺ߻ǹֻʿҪĲͶ
Ҫǣһжϸӹĵ㣬˶뻮һ˺ʱĶҲң˵ж룬׼һͶ
ͷְƽʱලѵճ£޹ˣʩսࡣ
Ͷǳ󷨱䶯ѵװʮϵĴӣѸٱܣԼʮĴӣصʯͷӳԶľ롣
䭸ҲͷڹǷͶƺӳԼѡѡǸͶԶġ
һʱ䣬ͶǸʮ㣬ҲͽͶʯʲô壬î˾ϰҪͶʯԶǸˡ
ٺһУ䭱ʮȥ´կ
µĽ裬ͨ´կɽС·Ѿȫʯ壬Ȼƽȴȫһһľ峵ͨ
һ·ϣ䭱ľ峵ɽú̿
Զ͵ͷʾ⣬к
Ƴ˲

ɽ
ЩɹƤڣ۾ȴйġ
ȻǱүǰѹեʧȥԼأΪū˺õĿ
ǰ˹ÿ춼ٷ͵ĳƹǮÿ춼úüʮǮ
ԼĻʳסˣ˶ܿ⹤Ǯٱ
жԾˮ𣬻ǻ·Ŀ޲м
ߵɽկɽկſҲһæµ
һȺõˣڻǵļල£ӹɽĸֲϣɽկ͡
Щһʮˣȫ䭼ν˷˺²ɽˡ
Щ񼫵ģˣʣµЩͶ޶̵ġ
ＸȫǱɱģͶĻᡣ
ֻҪɽկʮ꣬Ǳػɡ
ȻǵĻʳһӦû뻤ԼկĹѧͽȣһֻٷ·ҲֻжĸһҲûмڣʱǲɻ

ɽկĻȭȻ˴˴ţÿȥ
կĶס
䭽֮ΪɽկĻţկ»˵տķԸʯľ̿ȫӹɣװʮöƷ뿤ɽ鿴
⼸£߹Сɳٶȼ죬ټѹסӭȫȥˡ
»
կӸɺҲɿ˸׵죬״ѡ»
»Ǹ¶岮˲ٴĥ۸ԭȣӾ꿪ʼһֱԭźʮ֣ҳԭûκ
ԣߣ߹ֵεı»̫ࡣ
»䭸֪׵Ҫԣίȥʱ˶סˣһŹѼɤ
¡ūšūֻǸˣܵΡ
Ǹ̫࣬Ǵߵĸ֪Щ죬ԱǶƲ
ȱˣͲǸˡ
ǰĴӣȻȴҲֻ£չӣӲҪ¡
񣬴ȻҪ½
ĳϻ̳Ͽ֣ļص
»Ϊ˲Ĵ̫ʷʩ̺дǧŵġʷǡϸģóȣѹˣβܵΣ
ԱʲôǴӣǶԱģ
ңǱεˡ
»̧ͷϴкŹĿ⣬ֻñͷһᣬŮ̬ȴ̲סۿ
ΪӷǣһֻҳϵĹ
һ̣ŷڴУǸˣΣΪԵεˣ
ʿΪ֪ΪһˣΪЧң
»ͨһ£ſǻޱȼص
ūšУ
Ϊ˿ƿǻ⻰˵Щҧгݣһ
䭿úЦݸһӣ
ˣԼ˲Ҫ¹򡣻УԺԳ¡
˵ţһĶĸ첲
»ȴҡҡͷⱲӵһηԼҵµĻ
һӶǵµļū뵱أ
Ӵˣ»ɽ´կڲ񣬽կӹܵøͰһЩӾǲĹ©κһ˿
ǻҩ䷽ǰմӸıԽľۣ̼ۣǵһ˽Լװġ賡鲼ڴװŵĸԭϣȫúڲ֪˶Ŀ
ڳʱ򣬲κ˽Ǽн
ˣ޶ȱ֤䷽йܡ
䭸һ߽޻ߣ˳ӭӵ»

ϯ̫ڶһ˿˲٣·ͦˣ䭣жʱ¶еϲ
䭿ͷ󺹵ģֺһȦӣ
ɽʵ࣬˶ˡڶŲļ٣иһ塣
»һȣЦ
ūŲ࣡ū˵úأ
˺䣬»ȥһװĳƷ
䭴żһ¡
ЩÿԼƴСһ׺Ĵֲǣ˵ǹ״ʵִƿ󣬿խСһδʮߵľӡ
һ
Ƶûж
ΣҪ֪ǷҪĽ
ɽȥԡ
ע⣬ʱҪڵ
»Ըֱӿȥ
һƬկԶһƬµصĿյϣ䭿ʼ顣
óӣȼѾ͵ߣɽ´һӡ
˴ԼʮԶպӵɽ¡
˲䣬ʱը
ֻصһ죬شʱը˲һ̣һζ˱Ǽ䡣
ڳǴʧɫ
»ǸϽ˵ǰ˻ߵغ
ݣݣ
䭰˵
ؾţǱƵʹʱо̡ⶫߣ˲˵ġ
ɫɣȴûɢܿ
䭵Ⱥ΢ɢЩȥ쿴ǿ鱻ըɽ£ΪĹϵɽһֱ׵ĶΧ˲ٵ
׵Ľǣըķѵģ
һ˼Ը
Ūľ׮˭Ƥ׸ľ׮ϣŵȥ
ָһƬõɽ·Ը
ǸϿ˵ȥܿŪһƤ׵ľͷ׮ӣɽ¡
ٴεȼףľͷ׮ӹȥ
װžըľͷ׮ӱըɼڣţƤҲըá
Ƿ
̫ˣҪǶϣըҲľ׮һ㣡
ǿ
ⶫȥ˷˵ʱɶˣ
ȴûôֹۣ˸ľ׮Ƥס
һΣ׶ľ׮׿⡣
֮ٴȥ쿴
صĵطȻըһ󶴣ľͷ׮ȴֻһЩľмͷƤף
䭲üͷ
һƤ׵ıըûκ˺ǵսܾ
Ҳʿǳոһ˷ס䣬ⶫ𵽵ñСˡ
޵ɱҪŤתսֵ
ףĽ


27 
䭼ɱȱݣ ּ顣
Ȼ˸ص⡣
ʮȻһǵȼ޷ըס
ʮƷȫֽһߣ ﵽ
һȷײͻȻըķգ ˰׼˻һľԽеĺڻҩֽ鿴
һʼûߣϸ۲죬 㷢ڡ
Ǿɽ· Щ˽Ϊصķֲ㡣
ľ̿棬صʯ棬ټϵʱĳɷֱԽѹԽʵ ΪȼṩĿ棬 Լʹߣ Ҳ޷ȼڵġ
ʶ⣬䭽ġ˸ľ ȣ Ȼװ˻ȥøɲݴ˸Щߣٴεȼ˳ȥ
ֻصһըӱǰκһζҪ
»ȫ̿ڣ ״Ҳһ⣬ǰ䭣
£ Īɽ͵ˣ ʲô͵ ûյҪװ
ҡҡͷ
޹أ Щûǵ
ĩ״Ķ ۾Сĵļ䣬ѱֲ㡣ǾãҲһֲ
ֲ㣬ζŸıȼʱĻϱ
ƳĿʹڻҩ󻯵ıûˡ
ֲ΢Ӱ챬ըֲҩ޷ȼգס
ֻ̧·Ѿôˣи䣬ǻʸߣ
ϤǧǰԭʼĽ񵯲˺üʮ˽׻ǿǲܡ
ԣĿǰҪٵıɱͷֲˡ
կӵ·ϣһֱ취
ŬԺѰҹԭʼĻҩļ䣬ǹȻõ
ŸǻǰȥִɽˮʱڵһũҵʱƺʹǰŹһҩװȥģ˻ҩССǦӣԴɱ
ֻͽСƤ׵ıЧδ֪ôСӣĹ˵̫Ѷˡ
ִᾭıըܿҵǿɱıѡ
ǱǼƬƬƬƬǵĶ
˳˼
Ƭȵųڸûⶫ
Ƭ̫һ˰ƴװ̫࣬ӲȲɱ̫ǿ
ųһֻʣƬˡ
ǵɱƬרŴĥƬ
ˣȻɱǴˣȴԲռ̫׵
ֲ⣬ʵǹҲʾ
ܸıҩķĩֻ̬װְá
սϲʵװһײװľֵĵҩҪǳʱ䣬ɲôʱ䡣
ıִֻ̬Ŀҩˡ
ִɿ״Ϊ޶ȵرȶ״ɷֲ֣󡣶ҿ֮ķ϶Ҳȼṩ
ɲܽҩ󻯡
ֻǣο˸⡣ǸʱʷҲǹŹ˵⡣
ȻҪճϼͻὫҩʪ֪ܳĻҩ޷ʹá
ңճϼǷʯ̿ǷѧӦӶǱҩȫͬһأ
Ϊ£ûθڡ
شȱݣһΪһ̡
˭ֻͨǹеװȴûһ컹Լԭʼشӻҩء
ҵʵճϼȷճϼҩůںɣٽ飬ӶҵŽ⣬עһǳڵ¡
֮ǰֻѵͶֳԷֲд
ڶ죬»µļԸǴƬ͵ɽ£Ƹĥ
ϸؽ»ҩԭעܱܵĽˣȥҸճϼĶѾҺõĻҩлϣȻ취಻ôĿлǽɣмǲ̫ɹԶڵ¶ҲڱԸߵķΧڡ
˴õĻҩ׵Ŀǰ
Уϸ¼ÿһֻҩճϼıƷ״ȡ
Ϊһȶ÷ճϼһ̣ųȫ
»ԭʱǶ飬ϰֵģҲȻ΢һ̣ͼסҪ졣
̽»ַԸճף䭱żٸ׵Ŀտľӻ˶Ӫ
һӪȥ˼ٽĥ飬ĥ˼ٽʯӽȥȻ߻ϣװ׵Ŀ𶯾ú󣬸ÿͶַ
ǵͶѾˣѵԼϵ봦ֲˡ
һѶѲ;ĶѵͶǶɻ
ǲҽͷӶ˽
ΪӪѾͷ뿤ϸ̵˾棬ۿüΪ󼯽ʱδϹ˽ﱻʮ
ǳʵڴĿģû˸ٷ
䭿Ѿжӣжͷѵ⡣
ؿ˶һۣڳʿǵ
ͶѵѶȣҲʱı䡭
ǰһͶ䡣ڱɾŶһˡ
öͷÿ˷װŻס
ŶͶã
ƿײ˸ʾѧϰķִ硣
нֹÿ뻤ӪʿҪѧҪ飬Ͷ⻰ҳɣ
Ȼ̫룬վµʶȴѾˡ
䭼´һһĿԼҲʾ
ƿֱΡ
ٴƿס
ƿֱΡ
ٴƿס
ֱ
ûӵȼľϵߡ
һţͶ
µͶ̡
ǰİ˴ĴΣҪΪ˴ֲ⡣
ҩԭȻܹصײȴûġ
ɱȲ½ϣֱͶȴѾ̶ȵؽ׸ʡ
䭽̻ΪŸġ
ʽǰһűһֲ㴦ȹͶȥڶֻܱȵһһģģԴơ
̣䭱ǲ˼գǵĴֱǶסˣȥѲӳеĹ
ķԸ£һЩسǵ
һͶʯ
ⶫͶʯͶ׶Ϊ㡣
һ޼
Ҫڳ·ֹġ
ĸͷôһ泯ϣܶԱɺܴ˺
ϾҪԻҩӰ죬ҲܰϣȫϣͳҲҪ׼
гԭϣйܵ๤Щûʲô©
䭽ܹĵսǰ׼Уһµʱš
ʱѾ
ʱ࣬䭿ʼӣ͢ǿ檵˽ӡǮкյ¡
*
ʱıֲԭҲݴţȺ׳ʱ
̨ͥǸҲһľ
ǧľף׳˶Ŀзĵдһ뻮һ
̨ϣʨƮ̻̳¿
һʮ΢ȴ׳˶ӣűʯɫȸëıϣӥϵؿе
ǱֺŴľ
£ǱֺصĶӹ̨
·׳װľ޵
һ֧ʦЩԭʮҲס
ŴľԺ֮ɫȴضԶӵ
֧ĵƣ׼ڵĹԵأÿֵ岮ıͷıҲи
ظ
ģҿǾµЩȥԭ˵ĴԣԭжȻǵѪѵóѪԣ
⻰Ŵľͬü
˵˶ٴΣùգȻǵ˭գ
ںɫ
ԭǲԭϵĲݣͼַ࣬ɱ˱ɱˣٴܼĵطһȺȥˡ
֪ϲĻ̵ܽӵ
˵ǣ´һע⡣
ԭĵأһԭ˶ѣڰŴľҲ㲻ʲô¡
˵˶䣬רעڿ
˳˸ŷâ۴αȵףŴľĿңԶϷ
·ԽƽԭĮɽϱǴʱѾƵص˸Ĵǡ
躹޻ʵֻ꣬գĲԭɻʦˣ


28 
ԭǸı߳ǣ ľһǱƽһǱ߾Ҿǡ
˱عԱ⣬ûκź
ǰеģ Ҳ취ǨƵĵطȥˡ
Ϊԭʵ̫Σˡ
Դӱռ䱱ߵĺԴԭͳ˿ֵĵһߣ ʱ⵽ɢţܱߴ򼸺Ѿ
ڴ˵ؾӪǣҲ޷̰ͼ߲߳ġ
У ˵Ҳнһ˼ң ͬȹģسǣһ֮
һ磬μ̵⣬ ſڴˡ
Ŵ򿪣 ƹһм۵ľһţ һͷļ۸񣬶ʱԹ
ˣ
һʮһ һһ ˸Բˣ
ɲǣÿܹôǮô͵ųԣۼŶҲˣ
ǰͱڵعһ룬 ۸ֱҪ죡
̣˻·ˣ
˵ ʱ˶ƹ֣
ƹ ôĽַھӣ Ǽۣ Ҳ̫ˣ
԰ ׬ǮҲҪ·ɣ
ƹ
λַھӣ治ҪǼۡԭ֪ģϱߵǲᣬöֻϱߵĵطȥ·;ңԶ˷ȷʵǹ󰡣
ҽϱ߶궼˻֣գʳĽ˷ۼŻҪأ
ʳⱾ󱡣Ҳܿ
΢Щģܸƹˮ̣õЩսǵۣʣµıֻо
ھҪһһˣһʮºҰ˳ԣһˣҲ͹ʮ졣
ѵĵЩĵײ߾ļҾ졣
зܹʮǮİҷѣڳӵԼķӡǱĿ֧˳ԣҪ⡣
п˿۾Ѿǳ̬ʱܷ߳ɣٵʱֻɣڷãƽղһҲûС
꣬ʳһǿ֧Ӧɽǵôˡ
ֶӣЩײʿļҾ֮һ
ŻеļǮѾǵңɼۣĽŲջߵ˹̨ǰȶС
СֵܣܲҶסʵûǮﺢӲ˺Щˣ׸˲塭
һ㶼۶ģһʮٵģôҲһûйġ
Сؿ˿ƹ񣬺ƹֶǲϴë·ٿȧǸ߸ֻʣһƤŹͷ΢΢һ̾С
ɡ
ǣֶӱƵĴӻǮŶ׻ȥˡ
һԭɷӦ󣬱ټŰҷű߾һԭ
һסڳǶһľȫˣţɷĺӣµһӣһһ䷿ӡ
һ߹ȥӵĹӭеʣ
ҵģ𣿡
ֶӵ
׼ˣֻ˶ӺЩ𣿡
ҡͷ
ˣűǰҪ̡
Ҫɡ
⻰ֶӵˢһ¾ˡ
ֻʣǮˣдԸġ
ҽʣ⼸ǮҲǰʸھӽġ
ͷСӵ˷纮ܿϴҩһܺЩûдĴˡ
ѵʱ壬ⱲӾ͹һˣһ뵽ľʹøһ
ҧҧ
ȥҶ취
ǰЩд󻧣ҵáڴǰˣһҲ
ԴӹӸȾ纮𣬸ӼܽˣֻȥӪɷ취
Ӫеıǣÿݼٵġ
ݼٵʱҾмǣҲݵʱŵȥǵӪſڣդ˵˵
ԭؾӪֶӷͷвټҾˣϽѰ˸ջűӻеǮóһԷ
磬ͷһӪֶ
ǸǮٿӣҲû٣ȥӪͷˡ
ûãֶӵţ˵ǼˣϽŷ˹
ʣСͷﻹЩˮˮݵƤͷӣܼˡ
Сͷ͸դӣ
ӣ϶ûԷȳԼڵ档
Ҳû٣ôøҡ
ֶ֪ģһٻ϶ֻһͷټһˮ뽴ˡ
ԣҳԱ˲
ֶȷʵǶˣվûסջ󣬰Сͷ̻ʵĳȥ
ҭţֶָդҨˮȡ
꣬ʵ
ǲǳˣѾкöͬ۵ļҾ˵¡
˵£ֶֺۿʵ
׼Ѿһʮһˣӻ˷纮ղˣҸܽĶˣʵû취ģ
ֶֻð˵ͷһͻجİĺѹöʱһء
Ƕӵ
û£Ȼȥ취õǮٻؼǡ
ӣֶء
ʶͬ۶һǮТϹ٣ûȥ˼ˣǮǽ費ġ
ֻܿǷܵͷһ󣬿Ƿǰ֧һá
ȥʱ򣬾ﻹбˣֻͷȡ
һյŵĻвˣ֪ѾˣȻҲʮֽ׷׵ԼĶͷȥ־á
ճ͢Ĺ涨ǵĴʵһƽǺܲˣȻҲûôԸ
Уֲô¡
±ʱڣܶ˶ᱻѰֱӽ;ãûã±ǵнٺֻʣ߳ˡ
ٷТһ¸Ϲ٣ֻʣɡ
ʵ㵱ΪԼ˴űã΢ģ㽥ͷڽʿ˿۾ˡ
ôЩи߼ģЩײʿ޿κΡ
Ҳֹ£ɻ϶ǱϳȥϼʮֱӶЩΪҽЧֱɥġ
ģʿǱֻ
񣬾нٲ̧֣ǵļ˾Ҫˣ
оΪü˳Կڱ
ٲõӦõľãбҪּģܲ
⼸죬ʿǵǼȥϹ٣Ҫָǵľá
ֶͷ˿
ͷͷ۷ǣҼĸ˲ǵðɣ͢涨ˣǱ߾±ÿӦþ߰ģǮʲôÿİʵڲð
Ѿü˾Ķͷûģǳ
Լ˼ȻǮܹ˭̳ȥٸȡֱ֣Ӿź򣡡
˺ܿɥسˡ
ֶѾͷЩˣûа취ҶͷҾ취ûκܰﵽ
ֻôһӣŸա
һͶһ֮ǡ
ʲô£˵
ŶͷɫֶʲôǾõ£ֻ
ͷҼСӵ˷纮ʵû취ˡܲǰ֧ȡ¸µľá
ͷûص
öǮӵ֧ã
ֶӲͷƤ
ǡܲʶͷȽģ¸һ̻
ЩͷճǵТȵײʿӿԣ֪ٱ
ȻôҲû뵽⻰֪˶ͷŭ
ûûˣҪǮһ첻ͣ
ֶʵݣֱӵ
ˣȥʮ
һ䣬мڶͷϱֱ׽ֶ
ֶûõǮҪ֣ܲ̿Ͻ
ͷͷСĲǮˣͷ
ʮȥûˣ˵ЩҽβʱıֱӲôܲ¡
Ȼͷ˿û˼ݺݵ
ȥ򣡺ݺݵشҿ˭ȡ֣
̵ֶĳϣһһϣľʹȴûκá
ͷԼɽѪ⡣
ʮڴֱֶ꣬ӻ˹ȥ
ͷ˸գĲ֪˶ãƺ˸ҩ֪ǾŬʡ
ʶԽԽģ
֮ʣȻǣزĺӣӻڼţûûȥǮĺӸô죬ôСꡣ
òġ
ĵǣңʶõ˺ڳ
ֶˡ
ھӪУһײʿϲ㽫кۣһϯһϳȥˡ
ȻҲһЩͬĵײʿȼų޵ŭ
ŭԽԽҹﱬˡ
ͷʱԭؽԬڴ֣ΪһؽȻǲܷ²ܣ£ʮֲãױ
ȥͷʲôˣ
ûãױأ
ʮµȱҹϮʣɱһȱ˵ĶͷٳһӪָʹҪǾãѾѹˣλӪָʹҲˣ
Ԭӻ
ֱǵ죬·ϣȰЩȫᣬԹ̣
⼸ΪǣײʿǳҪǾá
ЩӲ룬͢ôͬǾã
һ˲֪лȴһ
ȫһӣÿľÿ֧ߴǧٶᣬ˰ܹǧ˰ٶᡣʳƥݣ˰գҲٷ֮ʮ϶˾衣
Ǿãʲôǣ
ڱǰȻΪЩײȥѰ¡
ԨǸƥžʱҪҪǣ֮û߹ؽɵȥǾá
ȻҪǾҲûа취
ò·һõ㣬˵ײȻͲʣˡ
ֻҪǲãҲһصġ
ƾʲôأһô˶ǮƫҪѪ
˵ˣϴλǮӿľһȥȹ˽ﶬķͿԵԭطˡɵ˲߳Ѫ
Ѫûκκôһ⣬ǲƾ׵ô
ԣ࿼µӪָʹǾܷȨͷǣڵǾõģһҪݺݳͷвۣܵҪɱӺܽײ졣
ڿҲˡȻ˸ҽٳϹҪЮôȥǲⶼˣ
ֶΣסЩˡ
ڶһ磬ͽȫ
ԭؾˣʵֻһ
ԭʱһ壬ȥ˷ʧǧֻ࣬ʣҵˡ
һǧˣͷܶһӡ
ʮٳϹٵıѾһҹˣһҹȥ˰һϵϣﻹƲ˵
Ԭɫضͷʿǵ
ʮˣҹɱϹٽٳӪָʹ·ͬ棬
ΪλøӣʩԹ̣˸Һú۾µľ³ģǾ
̣
µǧʿʱѻȸЩɫҰס
ҲϹսˣп̷ҲȻ
ڴʱһʮͷӪָʹվ˳˹֣Ȼ
ʮˣȻɱٳϹȷʵãȴΪ۷ǣʵȥǾţ´£뽫ᷢ䣡
⻰һ˵½ʿǵĹ˸ź
뽫ᷢ䣡
ԬۿλĽӪָʹһЩȺ˶õĺôãǮʿµļͷԲ
Լڵײ˸
ڣȻǲˢˣ
ָʹ飬һӪأξ
ָʹҲ˳ָĽ
˵޹زɷԲָʹǹȻƻͣ
úó棬ǶలؼʿĲƽ
ĽϽ
¾޴⣬ֻǡ
û˵꣬㱻Ԭϣ
ָʹ˵ֻڼ̤ͣ˽
صָĽò졣
Ԭؿһۣȵ
̣
ֳܿ˺ѷεĲҽС
µʿǱȹۿʮ˵̹̣ÿ˶ɫҰס
Ѫȵĳ棬Իһͨ˵ķ־еŭ𽥽ѹȥֻʣĿ־
һ٣Ϊ顣ӣҪʲôʱǸͷ
̨Ѫ̳ܵ棬Ľָؿٽġ
ͷȷӪеһʮһСᣬƽﲻܺʱһֹۿʵЦ
ǰǸһӪĸףΪǾõ󣬱ͷʮֱӴ
ɱֻΪ²ñ˽ȴҲ˲
ȲǸȲ̨ϵκˣ
ңԭΪΣյı߳۱͹ܵϱ߻Ӱ죬ֻԽԽ
ʱԽʿǵļҾڼʹȥľ͸ࡣ
Խ࣬Խʿ߼ˣֻ䡣
ײʿǣװʣЩױĶ֡óȻ䣬ͬЩһѹȻ̲
Щð˴ΣգΪ͢Ϊפر߽ĽʿǣѪᣡ
ߺ֮УĽ¶˾ġ
Ҫռ֤ݽ
ӵԭҲš
ĹԱһ˭ҲЩײʿϡ
ˣȻðԽķֱӴǿأ᲻ҲԸһԭ
֪ڶģһз֣³ֳʮ˺õȥ
ûбѡˣֻȥҿһġ
Ľϵķߺޣеһλָʹ۵ףɢȥԬĶ˼䡣
ԬɱΣҪͷκ©
˺úöߵˣģȥϸ
ǣ
ûգȻץסĽӪеһӪʱϴһеĻʵ˲ᡣ
ױףĽľŰΧ
ָʹ
Ҫָʹʲô
ӪЩܹݵʿǺܼԷΧ˹εҪ
ǿЩָܽǰץ˵ϱѩһףǿ׳
άʿǣƼݣһƾɵƤ׶ûС
˫涯ʤѾԶ
ƽ
¡
ĽԸ˱־ܡ
Ѻ߳ʣŵײӰ뵽ԭЩʿҾ죬Ľľ
ϧ˭ȾЩݾĵײ߾


29 
ĽѺԬס һȥͱһߵϥ䣬ͨһ˵ϡ
ϱذסļȻĽļȻֱֱͦģ ͬǲĸһ㡣
ԬĿ䣬Ӹµؿ
ָʹ 㵨ӲСʲôܣ
ĽʱҲװƽյǫ˳ˣó޵Ŀⶢ
Ԭ ǸʿѪ ǵڲˣһⱨӦ
ԬָʱðɣһŽĽߵ
ؽ˭ôģ ƫǨĹؼʱҪһܣ ô Ǻӣ
Ľ磬ֻȻ
ܿܣ ûʲô˵ģ ҪɱɱҪбУ
ԬЦ
ұѱΪһ֮Σ
ṇ̀ Ҳʹʱ
Ľ˿ӺˣȻҪĥŽͷ֮ޡ
ң ĽΪһӪָʹ ڳ͢ҲƷ佫ˣ û岻ɱ
úĥ ȵպ ֿܻǰŵʱٱɱͷŲ鷳
ȥÿճʮǱޣˮϴ裡
ɸҿˣҪԾˣصҲ
ϱȥ
Ľܿͱ̳Ƥ
ͦסûһĵ
Ӫеʿǿţ¶̡
ѾĽӪеʿ˵ָʹǲ̵ײʿˮȣȥǵĿ桰״ؽ
Ӫеʿǣ
жź⣬ɱеʮˣʬ̳ӪָʹҲÿձʩӿ̡
ûͳһӪؽԡ
װȫ׳ϱǲǶ֣ǻмˡ
˰ûκΰ취
˻žͲֻһľعţڴгһͷԼ
˳ɱҡԬԵظʿȥ޳ǽԼˡ
Ѿʱڣֿܻսţ
ԬԴ˲ôģԭѾûʲôˣԭҲǸ궼̫ǿı
ϾҲҪǳɱģŷǶ߼ֵƽԭشȥѵѾǣ
ʹҲ̫࣬ʱ򽫳һأزǡϼļʯͷǼвȻȥĵط
ԬӵǨĲͬ˵һǧĶ³¿ţﲻſʯͷש顣
򱱴󽫾Ԩ֮һǰǱ㿪ʼӹ̳ǽھսºˡ
ΪԭصҪ³ǲʧ
ԨµʮҲܹͬĵزš
ǵǲ棬˸ҳľ֣Ĺ£ľӵװʿҲ׳
˵٣ǰÿÿϱ֣Ҳһƴ֮ģÿαϮնɱˣɱǧˡ
ûֵã³ĴƬҲ̫ƽ
ۿԽԽƣ󽫾ϵԽԽ
*
ԤеսƵ䭣ҲͬȫΪ׼
һǰ㿪ʼܿةļ򣬼ӹ̳ǽھӡ
ɽկ죬һûͣ
ܵļȣ»û㶽Źµ׳Ʒȥ鿴
ĵص㣬ѡϴ׼˺üѾƤף׵ľͷˡ
»Ȱ
䭵ҲûзҪֻ֣ӦʿϺƤףͷԶһЩһͶȥڻ
һа˵׼ãʿ˷װһ׵ȼֱ˳ȥ
ֻһ죬ʱɳʯ
̳ɢȥֻǱ߰ŵľͷˣǴ׻ľ׵ģըķѡ
һڼԶĵطľͷˣҲ˺öСƬ
ֱľͷϵģƬȫȥˡ
ƤҲûõȥܺЩƬȥȣǸˣҲвǳĴڡ
˺ü֣϶ܱɱɱ˰뾶ҡ
˵СƬھʮңЧõġ
ͼռװҩĿռ䣬ܼȲ
ԸȥÿװʮöƬĹװģס
׵˺ܶ࣬ƷҩҲڻ˺üʮ֣ƬϴηԸǧöˡ
ӣصץƬԼװ䡣
Щ»ɣּɽȫˡ
յӪ
ָʹˡ
䭵
ҡ
鼳Ǹˣ鱨ʮֳɫ
Դɽ˵鱨䭱һ·ȥԭ߱ռŵĺԭ鱨
ԭפŲٱؾܴһЩפȻõġ
ԭǵŻǲ
ԭؽԬǻӹɣѷġ
ûã鼳鷿
һֱͷܣɹ˲٣ȴ˫۾óǸɾʮ㡣
μ
º͵ɡһˡ
£Ը鼳˱ˮ
ʿɣ鼳ʮָж
Ϊǣµң
Ȼ˵δ鱨
ԭУץ˲ٹ˵칥ǳͶʯݵȹ
֮Ѿ൱ԡ
Ԥϵ˵ġ
ǴӸ෽֤
£ֻᷢԭ𣿡鼳硣
ԭôĺԭ칥ԭ˵һõźš
ǱϾƶ񤣬ִԭʼ򣬺ô󣬻缯򶫱ߵĶµȼ߳ǡ
ֻҪͨһֱӻʦ½ԭ
Ժԭ칥ҲδԭΪ˶Ŀ͵սȥ
վָǽϵͼɫƶ
Ǳִ󽫣عԭ
˵ţóԭһֱָǣȻһգԽɽֱӱ￤￤¿ԭϲ
ȻػһЩȴǲ붦һġ
鼳ʱɫһף
˵ǺΣգ
ס䭰
ģɽߣֱֻ߲͵Ϯռǣſܻͨɽ
ռǵĻᡣ
⻰鼳΢Щ
ʣ
ԭˣ
鼳ɫʹ
ԭЩʱ۷ǣΪ˿۾һЩԬǿѹˡüǾõʿʮֱӱʩԹ̣
ԭиӪָʹΪײʿƽƺҿֹֻ˻δ㱻ץˣÿձʩԿĥЧȣ
Щ䭵üѽһɱ
Ԭ
ʱգȻϸЩеײʿһЩ·Ϊѹʿǵĺ󣬲ϧԲ̵ֶɱôˡ
İཫ죬ǳڴ壬ǳڶǰΣĿǣ߳ԭ
ЩǮȥд㣬Ӫָʹ
һȾĽţԬУֵ̫ˡ
ֻǣУֱȥԭӪе£ױԽıñӡ
ٵһȡ
ȵִٽԭ˳һ
*
Ƶ˱͵ԭոؼңߣǱַ棬׼ʱһսˡ
űֺһ£־ֱӳƱ߾ߣѸײڶ֮ƹ˶³Ƕߵɳǣһ·ϵơ
ɳϵ¿漱
뾩Ȼмкʵʾ벻ȴ߰
ӼļѸͻ˳Уٳ𾪡
ԨѾŴ˵ҰģдϽ֮ģ˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻʹˣֱӴߣĪҪֱȡǣ
¾ʮеĴȻ񣬷׷ӵö³ǵԨֱ֧Ԯ£


30 
£ ɷֱǱ̬׼ȫ濪սȴų ˵Ǵǵɽ⣡Ԩֱɢ³ǵı ˮʦסأȻɽ֧Ԯ
ȻộʷȴǶģ Ӵֳ Էֱ
һЩ󳼣ȴ־ڱ𱰲
£  ߰ Զĵ
ǰ£ ˮʦƽѾã ٣εסαӣһƽҾƽԭشƣ һ·ɱǽ£Ϊ׺֣֮뽫
׺֮ܣ ָıǽ׺ƽԭڱֵһս
ʱ δԽߵΪѳ֡
ʮִһ·£ Ʋɵ ֱɱǣ ʮʮöףʱĻʵ޷ֻôӦԷ׺Ӽóȥ˱
һߵսӵ
λڼ䣬Ȼһһͨ˱óȴáĳ裬ݡ
˵ɳǴ򿪵һӱ벹ϣ
ӵرԼ
Ȼֵ¿Ǹƥ˿ϸӣ
˼ԭأ˰ռ֮߰ˣʧֱֻԶƽԭֱ³ƣشƽԭཫ֣
ӵһĨá
ô˵ʵŷֱˣر𲻹˴̰
ƫƫһЩ󳼼ΪͬýԵֵڴʱֱö³ӱƵķա
˵ףŷֱռ˶
ңƽԭİǣҲ֧ѡ
׵ʧӵһ
ˣԨʮװ󣬼о£·Ϊ;Աִв裬ն
ֱķգȻǲòġ
Ҳܶɹӡ
ǱסӣջʧأȻԽԽı˳·ֱǶ
ˣʮֿԨս
Ϊ͢ľҲǶ֧֣Ǯʲôûȱʱ붥סѹ
һּȫӼٶȴݵ˸ء
*
ʱĶ³Ҳ̽ӳȥһһӽ쵽ʿȫעطʱϮıִ
ӵʥּдϵµĽɫÿ
Ƣֱģʹߵ³ˣ
ʲô\"ʹعذʧ\"ܹʮɵһǶ³ǱٲǾɣҲû취ͬʱԸô౱ִ
ɷֱ
Ԩͬɫء
ӵľǸɽ
ʵּ˼סǱ֣ŶԵ֮زסĹʧ
֮˵Ǹϣûʲôܣʵ۵̬ȺǿӲ
ھǷҲɽ赲طֱʱֻҪʮ죬ֻҪڼס˶³ǣˡ
Ϊ򱱴󽫾Եߵʮ
ȻǶʮ򣬳Կõĺܶ࣬ôãֵܹܵһµġ
Ŀǰ̽ӵ鱨оҪڶ±ôһЩطؾ֧Ԯ£润·ֵһѹġ
ǣ붦¶򣬸ɳһ֧Ŷ£ԨسǣԼҹ֧Ԯ¡
*
£սţ˭Ҳû뵽ڹϣͻȻһسԭ
һҹһٳˡ
²ˣѾԭˣױæԬ
֣Ԭ˯ʱɣһ´Ӵ
˶ˣ
ױ
飬򣡡
򣿣
´Ԭһ
ȥ¥Ͽ
״ͷԬԼʵʵ˳¥
̽ͷһŵøβ
һ
Ԭس꣬δô౱棬ΪÿԭϮţһǧ
ڳǽͶʯЩ޷Ƴǣˡ
ҲδӭУΪ֮ǰﳤ̵ˣɺôϲӭС
߾ǰ֮
гǽţδعƳǳأһǣԭϺµĲԭ
ƥĳʹʿǺܿ챻ɢͣǵɱ
ʱѵľأǿӭеı˻سУٶȸ죬Žǣ졣
ţֻԳӭеı
֮ԭԭҰսǾ
Ԭ˶񣬾Ǻǰһܵµıνӭս
û뵽һ֮󣬱˹ǹߡ
ͬʱĻдǵĲ
λֽǸ˵ԭūǰ
ٿͶ彫ƴһɱ⣡
Ͷ
Ԭþǵļǻˡ
ޣԬҾ޽ӣǵүүĳǵĹͷ
Ԭʮؽ
Ȼٳʿ
ʿǣΪǳеļˣʹһϳǽ
ǣ
ԽױΪ׵Ӧ
б±к£ҲϹǵĺǳ£սԼķظλ
Σǲñֱǣǵļˣ
*
ԬۿҪæֽȥзյǽæ
׺Щ̧֣һ˱æʯͷһ»ͣҲǼõġ
˵Χǣо¼ꤣҲ׷׸ϸǣؾ֯°æ
Ͷʯ󣬡ֵȣͨͨѾ׼á
˫һ£һս㿪ʼˡ
ҺܿͷƲ
ΪһΣֱĹеͶԱ䳤ˡ
Ǵ
ǽϵͶʯҲ׼ֻǵĴһþʯҸϡá
ȻһǸûߵͶʯĹΧ㿪ʼ
µǣǵĴ䳤ˣһкüسʿ˸Դֱ˳¥
ԬŷĴŵ˶һ֧ϷԸ
ڳǽָӣȥп
ڴڻ£ִһͶʯƵǰͷ
һΣͶʯͶҲͬ䳤ˡ
ʯһǽϲʿҵ¥°æİʿҲ⣬һʱҽвϣʱֿȱ
Ͻָźϡ
ǲĿȱֲݳӢηǰ
ȻͶʯĹΧڣ˱ݳҲãȻһЩݳӴ˳ǽϡ
ֱѸٵʵǡ
ԭؾȻǵóѣʯͷȥң̵Ŀˮֶʹǿ˵һݽ
Ʒǳֹۡ
ֵͶʯ봲֪ķָ㣬˸Ľؾ
Ϊ׼㣬ڵʯͷĴǽܿʧȥԶ̹
ⲫǾͲһصסˡ
Ųϱ̧˱ԼĴͶʯԬ˫ȷ
ĵȵƣԱֵĲбسǽ죬ȻᱻŰɱ졣ʱͶĻҲˡ
ЩѾʮسǽڱֵ¡
뵽ЩƤĿ̷ޱȿ־壬ܵͷ
ء
صĳŴײ졣
ǹǳ
¹ǳʱڸҲţͨƷܴصĳš
ǳѾ˳¥²ʼ˵Ͷʯˣ
Ȼ¥˵ӵĿɱ
ֱĵɱǿһܶԭֻҪһռ򿪳ŵբţ˱ǣȫˡ
Ԭãľսʱ̣Լϱȳ
Ϊ˱
¶ģϽ𣬴ܳߵһǧϱϱߵĳܡ
һʼϱǻ֪ؽͼܾ͸ܣߵϱ߳ţھòԾˡ
ܳˣһƣаձ·
ϱȻƽʱִгٵѹʿҲˣ֪
ΪϱǴ඼ڴ˵س˼ңܶ˵ļҾڳڣԷսϰæģοϸܡ
Ԭγ嵶
ѵҪΥ𣿡
˵ţҪɱӺ
ϱΪ˼ˣʱҲ˷
һӳγ˵ʾԿغ
ܣǵļˣΥ
ǻߣҲŰγ
Υ
ڶϱλεĵ⣬Ԭˡ
ãܺãҪȥ
˵ţתͷȥֻһЩϱһˣĶسǡ
ղǸȰεĶӳһ
ǣȥ֧ԮñƳǣ
ñƳǣ
Ҳź
ȻһѸٳȥ
¥վø߿ԶԭѾسǵʿϱؽϴȥ
һʱʱĴңЩΪϳǽıֱնڵ£ŵ
лЩͷѵˣһسǵĶͷһ
ˣѵǾͲسˣܳеļˣ
ɱɱһ׬ģֻҪסţǵļ˾ǰȫģ
⻰ʿٹߵĽ죬һ㳯ıʿɱ
ûãߵϱǻع飬ʱĴ
ɱһεĽס˳¥
ֻǣûü˶ãֵĲǻسͶʯٴ
һһľʯڳ¥ϣ㿪ʿǶʱ
ͶʯĽܼڳ¥ϸȥ¥Ҳвʿҵ
ȴûκԶ̷ֶΡ
ԭؾϽ¥³һݱִڳǽµıʿѸٵ˳ϳ¥ֱ¥µĳſƷȥ
һƴɱ䣬ſƷЩʧء
ؾǲòðűٴس¥
ų¥ٴ׼ͶװͶʯľ
ȥ̻òٴνһʧأһнݡɴڳ¥Ҳᱻ
ôһ
ѵԭעҪڱӵ֮
ڴʱͻȻԶƮ˽ɫġ
֮£Լǧųŵķȫٿ
ǿʲô
µıҲע⵽쳣佫͸ǰȥ鿴
ܿ
ǴĲԼǧˣ
⻰͸ʱмˣ
ǧˣƨԭʰǲ٣
˵оɻ䱻ǰлǧһǧֲʵڲ
Ұ֮ϣӲ壬ҲܳǵİΧʵַɱ
Ȼ֪ܿԼδס
*
֧ĹپȻ䭵ľɡ
һΣֻٻӪسǣȫˡ
õ߾սϢ̼ӣ뷮ǵı߽紦ᡣӱ߽ƵŵԴӱֺ󷽽а
һ·ϴŲͶʯϣʱŸϵĿĵء
Һò١
־ҲѾһʱˡǵעԭǳϣ䭶˵ȫ䱸Ͷʯǰƽ
δƵСͶʯȳõСͶʯҪС֮һ˸ߣһûС
֧ھ뱱ԶľͣСͶʯƳʱǲû̫衣
ΪǸûпžʯĳ
ûЩ˳ľ룬ЩĲܰ
ſӵ̬ǷЩٱӲóһϵ˶ٵĺɫԲ򣬵˻𣬷ŽͶʯС
䣡
ɫ׵ĽһеģЩɫԲֱֱسǷӪк󷽵λá
ҪеͷԱһ㣬ɾͱܿСԲĹ
ҪЦʱһȵϮûӦô£ֻصһ죬ͻȻķѴϱƷɣԶһҲĳλҽС
µǣضľ޴ڼڵսܵ˾޴ľţһʱ˻ŷҴܣôס
ԭЩͷųŷһܾŷ񱼣ಽӦ̤
ڵĺǸ粻巽һӪʱ˾޴Ļҡ
䭼״ԥٴη䡣
Ͷʯķ΢΢һתܼķٴη䡣
صһ֮ٴո
ͶʯǰκηӦʱ䣬ַ䡣
Ӫ˻뾪֡
ıǴʱ޺һƬһŵ޲Ӵܡ
ʲô
й֣
ӣӰ
δʶ̵ȫ˵ǰԼҵǿµĹֻ֣ҿ
ŬؿܾƥӴܡ
׼˵Ͷ·ϵţͶһӣٴո
ܣ
ܣ
ȫͷֻ񱼡
ʱֵ䭵ǳˡ
ĲƥµӦѵʱһ㶼š
ƽʱϰӴܱıӰһͨ˲Ե¡Ҳһ鿳ȣһ̲
ֽ͸Ŷ̶̼Ϣ볹׻ҵľӣ˻ߵش󺰣
Ҫţͣͣ
ȻƥսҲǸ˻һҪ˦ȥο˵ġ
ڵĺ˿ģս˻޺ҽУ˶Լţ˶ֻ
ֻؿӪ벽ʧңΪ޷֮رոŵĸ
һǧ˵ľӣֻߵĲһǧˡ
*
ͻıʣԭȫسǣҾΪɵԭؾҲɵˡ
ǵضɽҡĶĺޱȿֲǶ֪ô졣
΢عʱ򣬱¥ԭޱȵıѾ˳׵ĻңӴܣɱš
ûãɱߣ˸һɶ
սֻʣ֧ĴŽɫĵľӡ
ǽæߺ
죬ǵĿˣ
ų׻ع
ǵĿ
Դϴξл䣬ָʹؽץǿھĵ
ſӣѾǳ˲кյĿغСӣľ֮Уÿ˶ľãԵúôúãʹͷ
ЩѹͨʿϹ٣ͨͨǱն׾Ǳȥûκ˸ѹʿ
ʱǾҪʲôʱƹԭöáǵһ˾
񣬿ˣ
ˣΧǵıöף׾һǵľ
ԭؾǣ׷׼ۿͨ죬ϲ
쿪ţ
ӭǣ


31 
ս֮ϣ Ծŵõ̱ǵζ
ضŵƥȥıʬ塣
صʬ壬ӪʿҾһ
֮ǰ ֽ֪ԭһǴǣ ˶̽ӡ
ˣǴл֮ȥجΣܶ˲ŵʱ جΣ εԼ뱱սƶǣԡ
ɿնظߴң ҷ֣ ֻҪƽϰ󷨣 ϶ӢɱУһȡʤ
뵽׵ 뵽ŴñǽɱЩ׺ˣ ûô¡
սϣЩǿ׳ıըÿ޵ǴΪ𺳡ΪҲǵһοõսϵЧ
ٵս죬Ǳһذƽѵϰ ſˡ
һսѸٵشˣصʬ Ȼòʵ
ֱǽϴԭؾĻ
ţӭǣ
صĳͨƷ ųƵĸ֨ ͷؾͳǽ°æİգ Ѿ׷״ӳӿ ԷڳŴжӹ£ߺ
뿤ǣ
ԭ񼤶мĿ⣬ӪʿʵУĴսıǧʤһԭ֮Σ
Ӫڴɨսԭʢ䭴˹ȥ
λڣλʿǣ𣡡
˸ߺ
ԭοӣ뿤ǣԭʣҵȲ𣡡
ͶԿ⻰ײʿͣ
ԣʣҵȲ𣡡
ʣҵȲ𣡡
û˵Ƕ۾ؿǰݸ߹Ŀ˱֣Ǳ˼Ľ֡
ʿǶ˵ãǿ϶Ǻõġ
ǰҲŲٴθ뿤ǣԭҲź
һʱ䣬ԭһģ죬һͬ
뿤ǣԭ
аԿޣ̻ӣƯ
ȴʢȴӣƴһ֣ص
лλ뽫ʿǵʢ飬ǼȽԭиڱ㲻ṼǵΣһ߾ȫҳԱů£̫ƽӣ
Աů£̫ƽӡ
򵥵һ仰ȴ˵߾Ŀ
ǰǣδ˵ӢȴãλĶǡ˵ܴǹϺӡ
䭵ĿԼ֪ڴ֮顣
˽ӹԣ䭵Ŀɨеڶʿǣ
нڣȥ
˺һһʮ΢֣׵˴ӳ˳̬㲻϶๧ع˹֣
¹ǾиҢ
΢΢һۣ뷨Ȼģȴ⣬ֻø߸ϵ̬ȻطԸ
ȥһǧû˵ʿЭĻӪɨսսƷ
λкҢĸ֮ǰĵԬá
ǰڳѾʿͰ뿤ԭĺʱȻѾһԭ˵̬Ը£ɵаޡ
λԬ˵Ǹܵ͢Ļӣǰʲôס
û˵ġ
λĻӪʵǿÿ£ҵıҲвһȫɱˣټϰʿǶԿҲʮӵ
ɵ˲⵱ͷ͹ȻԶԷ
ңλȥսƷΪʲôҪܾ
ǱӵƤ׶ðһܼôƥ
ûʲôִشȥæɨսˡ
ʰսϵսƷµǧӪһҲûԥ̧ŶԭӪߡ
Ң͸ˡ
ԭӪЩӪֽžͶˡ
ôöȥԷôһʲˣ
βܽЩܵؾΪУһصӪȴִ²
ӪͰֵľ룬ӱ߳ŻؾӪҪ·
Ĵϱ˷
ô£
ſڵļʿЩ˼ûһ˼һǿӪˡ
վǰͷһһۣԴǵص
鳭̰ٸۡ˵һɲڣ
Ң־ŭҲ˲Щײʿ֮ŭӪߣʦ
ںδ
ʿǸ˽Ӫʡ
Ңиǰŭλ̬ȫӪΪ֮ˣ
߽ӪʣȻλ
ֻǵûȨԭ°ɣķأҲȻûдõطٵȨ
Ԭ˵ĸ׿ǱɣǴԬΪУ
Ң⻰дв
ȴû뵽λˣ˿ûкµ˼ֻȻһЦĿ֮ȴ
Ϊ鸱ߣؽһġ
Ȼһȣ
ˣ£
һ䣬ֱӳĸ첲һжһסȻһƲס۾ȥ
һҹڶʱ֣ҢþӪټʿϡ
ҢӪʿѺţ֪˶Զȵ˵طű۾ŵĺڲ
ڿԼĵط
̳
һʮ߱ʩʬ̨ϣѺŵһλλξλӪָʹ
ۼʿ
ҢҲͬѺ⵽̨Ϲš
ĳ棬ܵظоΣա
ͬҲͬˣ˿ʼ
ЩҷȵϿÿնڲǿ׳ʿʿѺһˣ԰ذڵϹš
ǣµʿǣнʹޣǧݵվţû˸ҿ˵
ῡĿ̨ƺڵȴʲô
ԼһӣлӪʿǰú
ӽԬ
΢΢ףص

Ƭ̣Ӫеʿ㿴ݵؽˣʱ廨ϵ̨ϡ
Ų˵ȴ첱ӴֵģȻ˵ʲô
⸱ģµʿ̲ס˽
ԬҲнأ
ǲǻͷǶӣãҪǿǶˣ
˵ѫң׻ǱɣǿҲҶ
ĵǲûеΪֳԬŵƲ
Ԭֺõص
ʲôԼ˰˸ɰ󣡡
ʿǵĶסˡȻͷԬ
ȻԬֺãȫ޶ԣֻаʵ
Ԭ̰۾ãɱʿܣǲϣ
ԬΪ⹫ʦŪסˣ
ʲô˼

ʲô˼ȻҪԬÿһɱͷ
Ԭһ
ڰ;䭵ץҲŽҡ
ɴʱ˿̣ʿǰװɱͷȷλҪ
Ͻ󺰵
ǳ͢٣ҸǱɣ⹫һƷ̫ʦ㲻˽Դң
ͼеѹ䭡
Ȼ˿ӣص
Ϊ㸸Ǳɣ⹫һƷ̫ʦ·˶ĴҲᱻ
ָ̨ƹʮʬ壬ʵ
㲻Щ㺦ʿӢΰϢգҪΪЩ㺦ʿֻعˣѺ̨ϣ
̨¶ʱĬ˵Ŀ⣬ڴؿ̨Ǹˡ
£
ԭؽԬҢѫνſϡ˲кʿ̰սսش̣Чȣ
УЩ̨ϵĽǷ
ЩƲǸϽģ
ԬָʹģСԩ
ԬҪɱŵֱ˿ӣŸϽ󺰣
ҡҹ˳һ
ۿĵĳ̬鼳ѾúЩһһûһ޹ġ
ǵϣմ˵ײʿѪ
ЩµʿǣҲģĹ𣿡
˵ţһ֣
̣
еĹ֣ʱӵǵͷ­ȥ
̼䣬ڳʮȫͷء

ͷ¾𣬱飬ʿҲԾٱ̰ŰʿߣԲģ
ȫʿѻȸ
˺һ󣬴Ҳȷʵ飬ɱһֱѹǵ̰٣Ϊ˹
ʿ׷
ѹԼΪЩٱɱۣͬǾڿϣ
⼤ĸͳͳʵĸԸһ
Ÿ̨Ӱм׷׸
Ӣ
ǧ꣡
Ӵˣԭؾġ
ⳡԭݵĺŸոտʼ


32 
 շѹ֡
źĹŮ̫ǣ޲С
⼸ʱѾкü˱ȥȱСΪһЩС£ ˮˣݵòζ ·΢Щи̫Ϊʱϴ΢ЩԵЦ⡣
Ҷ֪ Ϊǣűս£ ʮֲ˳ġƺҲûȥǲһԼ
ÿղϳ鷿ﴦӣһֻޣ ˭Ҳҿ
һ̫ӲͷƤ߽鷿 зһӣ սսص
£ӡ
ǡ
ӣ Īⶫڷزʵ ؿˣ
۶̧ͷļӵüͷ䣬һüټɫ Եʮ㡣
СĿɫ̫ޱȽš
ѵַʲôɻ䣬Ҳû취 ½̨ Ӷ͹

ӵ۵ͳ
̫ɴ⣬ Ͻӳȥ ȻϽ¡
ӵùӣ ŷӲǿдģдġ
ûվֻԼϵշתͣΪս£ҵģѾһǰдˡ
һʹļߵĿдǿ檵ܣ˽ӡǮÿϣΪ˻ӡǮòΪūвְձüԹڡ
ʵ̣㰵õ֤ݣϣ͢͸ղǰأݺݲλкյĿΪذֹ
ӣӵЦһ
˵ӵ˷ؿ϶ʵⲻô
˵ʲôó͢ΪֹΪ˺͵صĿȨ˳ˢһˢʰѡ
ȻǿزǸ䭵⣬¿ȥﶷùѾ¸
ˣأڵؾӪ˰꣬䭵˼ƺڵػɽˣÿϽô
񱱽ս½ţڲʰ䭣罫ǿغú
ֱӷء
ؿӣȻ޶ӣʱ˵ʹʲôӣװҲδ֪
ӵ۵Ǹ˼ȫˣ˼һûǵɸղȥһǡ
ϾѾһǰˣ˭֪Ƿ˱仯
ǿôòӣҲѱΪסѱϽסˣԲŲϱ㱨ǱߵС
ɸղȥһԽ͵ʥǱߵģźô¡
ҪʲôʣҲܼʱ֪뱻
Ȼֵ֮ʣ·ʱսң̫ܸɵĴȥ·ϻǿϧһӵںԺһнԣʮϺ֡
Ȼ˲رܸɣ۾һ˼ûġ
ö˴£Ծⷬʮ뵽ǿͷȮԼԸӣӵΪս¶΢תһ˿
ʶȥߣţӴ⹬ǰ
£ﻹڽء
ѵ
Ϊʵεˣٻܸоӵ۵ԲҪһʱ˴ơ
üӵѹ
һʱˡ
ΪƽĻ£ʵ̫ƫˡ
Ϊ˲ɣڽǼԺ󣬱Ů޷Ϊɣѵһ٣㣬ûĸŮ˲һ
ԭʥٽΪɣĸŮ㣬ȴؿֵǵ¡
ʥٽȡϺõĽûˡս£⻼δƽ˶ʺǵȻܰĸŮųۡ
ԣ㵽
нտţūǣ¶ҪΪʧ裬ӶڳʳöϵĸŮ
ֻǣǶӽ꿪±ȻҪίˡ
зΪĸ㶼˳Ц
뵽⣬ӵ۵ٴ
˻ʵۣҲ
ҪʲôʱΪһһŭʬӣԵȨٱκ˳⣡
ӵ۴˿̣ޱսսܼ£ȨˣһͬõһУ
*
»ʵˣԸҲôʵ֡
³ǵôá
һʼƾ游׶ѧķḻسǾ飬Ӧִġ
ϾԨľӪ£³޵ùҵƸߣѹ
һΣзû죬Ūһ֮ǰΪͶʯͶʯͶ뻹ǰһسǷ˾޴ѹ
ÿͶʯͶľʯµʿǽвٵطá
ǲòһ߷أһ߻Ҫ޲ǽ
죬ԽԽΣգۿųǽŲסˣǲ뵽˰취ºڷߣ˼ҹãһһЩʿΪӣŻͣ͵͵ȥյǿµͶʯټϴϱ˽ԴԴϵĲŰѳǽ޺ˣʯ͵սҲȱ΢ת
ԨһߣսҲֹܲۡ
˵ڿشӶϱֹ̫ۡ
Ԩǰ˸ĽѾȡ˳ЧսƾܼŴδ˱ĽûɺӶȥ
ֻǣ̫ܣҪǵȻ׷ܣɷرɽҪȡʤʮѣʱ壬ɾ޴
ֻܷأսʱ㱻ˡ
ԨķأһʱҲв
˫ӱ߽սߣȳʱս
Աֺʹ˵ʲô¡
Ϊĵսߣؾ͸˼ϣ
ԭһߣΪ˷ɶԷ裬źü궼ûģϮŹԭմЩ߳ؽԣȫ
˵ߵķֽͬһôˡ
ʵأ͸һǧµĹеȴȫûǱӴܲŵӻغԭ
ıߵĿһ㶼ߵλãΪľ̺ʵĳǽʱΪԿԭĵһߡ֮£سǵķ֮ǣ˺ܶࡣ
ռȥҲȻá
͸һȺ񱼣ò׽ԭسǲŴµѾδܼĪĿ˵΢̲סߴ٣
ǻǱСͣϽؿǣһǴĻ׷سǵĳǽɵס
⻰һʿǶֲ̿˲ֱӿǼƣһ紵ݶҪ̲񱼡
ⳡ棬͸ܲ
һԴôδ˱̣Щ»ˣҲѾ˵Ժǻʿˡ
ľһǻѪ£ҲûˣǱˡ
뵽⣬͸һҧ
ȫκ˵й¶ԭڻһ˿һ㿳Դ
ֿ־ӵصǲؾ֮С
ۼⲿֲб»׷͸Ҳû˼ͣЪȥȫҹ̸ϻؿȥ
лһ˭Ҳû˵ǡ
ɫĿͶʯԭ⣬Ҳ֪Ƿ٣Ǳǻȥǿµĺɫ裬ԭǿ¾Σˡ
̻ȥֹ


33 
ֻӻصʱ 䭸մԭ֮еĺȺ֮Ӫ㱨սɵսƷ
ĺӣʱ·磬 ϲȹ껹ˡ
ǵջ ɱȽʲôɽ˶ʢ֮ǰн˷˼һҪʢ
˷ܵص
ϺõĲԭǧƥ˵Ҫκã ˵ܶǧƥõ׾ǧึ ǹǶ䣬 ȱһ塣һõͶʯ һܹǳ ݳ
ٺ٣Щֱѳ εȣ Ȼ
䭶ԴҲ⣬ЦŶ
ôԺ²´ˣ
ԼҵµȡЦ׳ڵĺͷ һͦŵ
£ҪÿζôջֱԸ⣡
䭵
ͷıأ ֻǸʼ
ڿһ㶼ԼҿĻˣ ǰ˷ˣ ˵ƽյԶԸ׺ˣ ȻǰɱƬײ
λϸײеıӣ 󷨣Ҳҡ
ô꣬ûôҹ
֮еʶ˵ôµıҲ޵Ầ£ԭ˵ĵϣһѪ
µ˼ս˷ʢȻֻһëë꣬Ǳֵж฻У
Ѫڣʵ
ʲôʱȥ֣ҪһѾĺԭȥ
ȲӣдЦ⡣
ǰҪ׼鼳Ǳߵ鱨ͻ
ĿǰóģֻԼӪǧˡԭؾշúòһǺսϷõġ
ԣҪҪԭҪԭǽΡ
Ԯ࣬߳ǳز÷أҪݻ뱻
ʺϴҲҪȵ»Ǳ߰һҩ͹ʿһЩ
Ҫģԭ
Щܿѵı񣬹ܱ±ҲҪԭ񣬳׶ء
ԭУжٴ
ⷽ棬Ҳˡ
ص£һʯʯһʯһľ˶ɱŻûüֽţ
һľı׼Ӧ˵е٣Ҫеļ⣬ȫ㹻ˡ
ԸȥԭУǰʮոʩ㣬ÿѷΡʮպ󣬰йһָۡ
⣬ճ͢׼˴سսе˲ʿʿ׼һµľãʳָ͢涨ĹԺǨ
͢ƶı׼ǺܲģֻʿǵĴһ·˿ۣ㲻ˡ
ǣ
ȥŻӪʿǣɵؿʼִ䭵
ԭеʿܵģǻʳϵı仯
һ紦ǰﹷٺ磬Ǳ㰴տķԸԷʱ߹ȥ췹ʱȻŵζ
⣡
ԣ
һҲδóԵ⣬ֻзڣˣŻһʳΪ͡
ôòųһ⣬ҲÿֻƬ⡣
ʿб±ˮ
˿ĵǣпӪ
ӽԭؾÿʳ׼Ϊÿÿһ룬ʳһأÿһ
ÿÿһѾ㹻Ե÷ǳܰԼķָˡ
οÿܳһ⣡
ֱ붼ӣ
극ӪټҵУϡ
̨ϰװǮ
һ߸ɫڵĽ죬̨
֪ԭн۷ǣڽʿҲףض෢һ¾ø֧Ӧ
ʿǾϲѡ
Ϯǰǲŷµľãû뵽һʡ
һǮǲٵļΪ۷Ƕˣ
ǽ
ԸˣãŴһ٣м˵ģԻؼžۣû˵ģҲӪϢճṩʳ
ʿǶʱ
ܶǮܻȥļˣֱǺ̫ˣ
ʿշԸԶΪλźöӣڴصȴŷַá
һŵʿмһͭǮˡ
ˡ࡭ˣ
õĻͷһᣬ
С䣬б߰ģû࣡
ǨԺҵľöոʱı׼
⻰ʱŶӵʿȻ
ʱı׼ζԺܶһǮ
̫ˣԺˣ
ҡôǮ϶ٱýˣҿȢϱˣ
Ȼ紫԰ʰǵĺˣ
԰ſã
ǸõõĴȺʿȴޱȸж£ÿж˶ԿĸмаԷģôãԺһҪúòЧĴ
·ľãʿǱͬСһ˸߲ҵȥȲļ˷ϲ¡
*
ֶſڲ·Ǽһסһľݵɣ߽ӡ
ɣզˣ
ĸ׶ʱϲص
һϲɫشӻͳǮ
ˣԭؾɿͳ죬ǣ෢һ¾ãһٽǻͼžأ
ĸ׿һǮϲˣ
෢һ£̫ˣܶٵأ
˷ܵص
Ҹ˵ɲֹЩأ˵ˣԺÿ¶ȡˣˣÿһͳһ⣬һһ
⣬ĸ׶סˣðΣЦϵӸջһ
ۣǿǿྡˣ
㲻֪ԭؾĴʲôױӪĴŽкأ⣬ÿⶼܳԱҲǵĶ࣬ڣʤʹ˵ֵһ¾ãľ͸˵ˣ
ӪĴ˵ֻҪǺúŬ£ԺҲлᱻѡߵĻӪЧأЩкüѡˣ
ĸ
ôõ£ҪúŬȡսĻӪ
ǵȻ
˵Ż߽ǵûãʹһ˵ĻЦ
ҴЦֶȻصͷᡣ
ôõӰҶȴûеȵһ졣
ڰǰϹٵľ£˵Ϊ־øӿ
ЩһֱںڣȥǲǾͲ
ԲȥΪûãͷѺӵˡ
ûȥͻúûš
챻еѹ壬֪Լܿ壬Сֻܿ
·ӣ߽ĬĬš
ֻھӼҵĻЦԲĹ˻
緹ʱֶ֣ӴǽóһҰˣ˹һˮ
ͶˣðϱӵķȥժҰˣˮһҰѾϣȴٿ԰ȫ˵š
ڶûҰ˸ΣҲֻܻһһˡ
ľؽŹҰˣͻȻڴһŲ
̧ͷһǼݵıŵϴϺõƤף·ŵ룬൱ơ
ˣֶЩ£鷳ĹүæͷҶ࿴һۡ
Ϊ׵ıߵǰʣ
ɩӣֶһң
ֶЩҲЩų
ǡ
Ϊ׵ıǳسҾ
ɩӣǷּ͸ģ
ֶ£Ѿ֪׶ԬȶѾͷֶʿ˵ɼΣ䲻սɳͬ׷ΪʿӽҶǾеʿҾ
˵ţ˵˺Ϊʿ
ȣ⳥ʮ̾͸ġ
ֶΪӣÿĲ𣬺ÿҲģֶԸ⣬ԵЩ첹ɨӻÿİĵǮ
ֶһ㣬һʲôҲİĵĽˣȥӪǾа˰ģ
ʮǮӣֻó׹֡ЩʧȥļͥѾһʮĴס
лһ鿤䷢ģӡſӡľƣ־ʿҾݡԺƾⶫȥһȡÿµĲ
Щʿܿˣ˵ǻҪȥһҡ
ֶӾþδֱܻΪ뱯ʹڴĹʲô£Żع
һӳ嵽λǰֶλ
㿴
ǵ㱨ˣ
ÿ¸۵ͺӷ𣬻ȥһҴӴ˶пˣ
ھȪ֮£԰Ϣˣ


34 
۸ǣ ǾʿļҾжͨռҲҲˡ
ǴڱһӪм䷿ݿʿǵļҾ졣΢룬 Ҳһ˳ԡ
˼ ÿֻһٷֱĥӺŴҰ˱ۿԽԽߣʹİ취 ҲһǺŪȥġ
ѣ ȵи壬Ǯǡ
Ȼûйٸ˽뿪أ ȻᱻЩ߳ǵģ ͢ϽϱǨƵģ Ǯ㣬Ǿֻܵűǲͻ
 ֻؿżĵƮ ɡ
ѩϼ˪ǣˡ
뵽ӵײУ˶ޱȾеĶڼɪɪеܵǽϣ ȥؾسǡ
ֻһԸǾԭһܱƣ
Щӣ һȺԵ ʱСɵϮԭ 仹ũʱ ɱֵصİգ ĴƬֻȫ׻ġ
СɱӶ˿ˣһƣȫǵ˿¶л·
ʯһһرͶ䵽ǽϣ𶯵÷·ضڷ˱̧аտľս
ԶǶܸܵسʿϵǹɾ
ǻֵ̿ʶ½ԭǱסˣҶ
ɾ˱ûʱսּŤת
һǧ˵Ԯ£֪ʲôֻ̹ը׻£ӵЩм䣬Ѫɣҽ
ǰݵıȫŵÿ޵ͷӬһҴܡ
ǹԮȴɵӿɱʱǽ¾صıʬʣµһЩȫܵˡǺڳǽϵ˽ģ
ǽϴʤĻ
Ҳ֪ԭǵĿ˵ϮϢǰԮġ
ٺӭֱӽ˾Ӫ˵ɱһɾ̰٣ʿ˾ã˻ʳЩʿҾǶ˵úܡ
ƺЩͨûκιϵ
ȻҲܸм˱ӣԬҲãҲգһҪټĥ
ôŵʱ򣬵һһ𣬴ȣ˸ŴǴСسɤӴ󺰣
Ŵʩ࣬άʮգж׶ǰȡ
ʩ࣬ȴֻʮ죬վα겻α
ʱгԵҲˣ¹ѻģǶȥ졣
һǼ۵࣬ȴûжףֻǿӡ
ʩ඼Ҽ߲֡
ڶϣȻϣȴԱ˺ܶࡣ
ϣȻܳͷĩһžͽ˿ˮֱ
ʿ̬ҲܺãֻҪЦӭġ
Цʵ
үզһٱһٺأͷˣ
Ǵ򷹵ʿ
ԸİԭһʼҪӵģʹ˵̫õ˲һʼͳԺܳĶɣԿͷԸȷϡ࣬ٷģȴӦ˲ż⡣Ȼѿ˻Ҫ˵θأ
⻰Ŷӵİնʱͷһů
λ󷽣ȻΪտǵϸ£زʶҲܴиܵ԰Ũİ֮ġ
ңЩ򷹵ʿ˵Ըˣʩ󣬻һЩеʳڳиڹٸ꣬ôʳǼǰļ۸򣬵ʱҾͲԲϷˡ
Ϣ㷺شͨǵĶʱͷˣ޲룬á
ôãԬĿɴûΪʲôϵհԲһΪǽͷ⡣
*
ԭҪĲģҪ
ոչԭĵλãʵǿٸһģһĴܼػԭʳȱ
ΪˣһȥѲӣ˽
ջؾӪлǰ㱨
ָʹˡ
˵ԭؾ֮УλͼҷԬȴԬץסÿտĥӪָʹĽ
˰չյķĥλָʹһϢ䭽˰̳ʱѾˡ
Ϊ˿ڸȾһֱղˡ죬һֱڶȫΡ
ɼǶȹΣڣҲ˿
⻰̵תͷȥ˾ӪԱ߲ԶĽ
սУ˵Ķ࣬Ϊ˲˻ӪϢصذĳҽԺ
ȫǵĵĴ;еľҽǣڴ˴˻
˻򣬼ѧͽӵİ֣
䭴˽ſڵ˵ע⣬ǷԼĶ͹
μ
Ժ˻⻰Ҳ̼˹
ǿ
ˣ
ȫǵˣǾУ䭾ѡ
˻ǣӸܵ˿һƬġ
ôõĽԼסȴˡ
ڼĴû˵ĺãÿ˻ÿ춼ܺһ̣һϣࡣ
ңټӹרŪһҾƣôϴ˿ڡȻʹĺʹϴ֮Ϊ˿ڸȾջŧȴࡣ
ھд˴ҶףһգͼΣˡ
ԣҾƣǼ̶ȵǵ
֮⣬û˵ͬһⷢľ˻ҲѾ쵽
ңҲɻӪ˵ˣˣ޷ٵŸؼȥҲפȡһݾسŸɵĻơ
֮˿ȻʹҲδϣ
ҽصأ˶񣡡ȷԸ
ȫ˻Ȼչ˻ĴȻҪЩȽڡ
˵˼˻Ļ˻жúۿǺúϢŹսȥĽ
ʱĽѾжʱˡ
ԭӪеһСǵʮ߰ıź˵࣬Ȼߴߴظ˵ؾ֮з¡
Сһʮ͸ĽչˣҲһֱܳλָʹ
Ľºӧչģ˵Ľʵߡ
ڣĽССƺѾġˣһĵĶǿ
Ľȴʮο
ھΪ˵ûˡ
ûܳɹȴǾԭؾԭǵİա
׿Խֻĵֵþ˰羴
˵ŻſڴŲ
һλףˡθߴȴʧݣԼĪʮͷͣһ𪿡һ㶼ˡ
ȴһֻȻɵķâ󲻿ԣ߲ʡ
ˣСǶʱ۾һ̾վ

Ľ֪ԭǵ
Ҫܶ࣬ȴһ֮
Ҫ񣬿ȴֹ
ָʹض˻ûãŰɡ
ѯʲôֻ˵ĿǰһΪҪ
̬ȣºͣһ
Ӫе㲻عѾ˽ˡ
⻰ĽһΪҲ΢侲ˡ
ôºͣʿȴҲҪԼͳԭؾġ
Щߣˣ˵ģҲ˳µرȡô
ɫȻһ䣬΢һ˲漴ʶʲôתЦż׽٩
ָʹɲˣͶ̫ãԭؾҪҹأ
ĽʱɵڵȫԼ˼ȵ˺һŽͰ͵ص
˼ǡ
ƶظ
֮£ЩԼԶͷӪָʹ඼ûӪǱߵˡԭؾȫһ£ǽŷġ
һֱԭôԭһؾܵҸɿܡ
ŷġ
⼸һشݺݵػĽϡ
ǱҲûһӲʱغۿɤӵ
ҲǿšôܰôҪλýҡ
Ŀͣ
ţҲܱ֤˼ලһ˿ִƴʿܡϹٴѹͬż㶼ԸðŶķΪȫʿĿôԺҲܡ
˵ţݸ
ңǰҵţѵԺҲԸЧ𣿡
ĽжԸӣ᲻¡
Ը⣡ĩԸ⣡
Ŵ¿Լľġ
Ӣ֮ԭңҲĽң
ʿΪ֪
ԸΪЧ


35 
ũʱܵġ
죬 ½ԭԭ紦һ飬ԭĸʷǼǣԭǱĸ״
ԭӳƽԭ ԭΪ֮ĵشһƬ һЩ꣬ĴһƽĿҰдеҰݣ ɼʮֵַġ
Ƭһﳤ ߵ߽磬ʮȥֵأ ܹʮĶءȫ Ķֻһٽ Ҳ㹻ԭصʳӦˡ
Ƭ׻Ѿã Ҫ¿ѻҪЩġ
ֵصľˣ 䭲̫˽⣬ֻ֪Ӧĵλÿֲʲô
ҵרҲûΪԼֱӽڵļһЩ͵ũ ѯǵ
Ǯѯѣûþҵλʮũ
ϺȻͣ ȴ˵ʲô̫нԵ
ֻ˵ ѻĵʱһյҰݣ ε ʯͷ͸ Ȼ󷭵ء
Щ˵ѻĺܿ࣬˵˺ܶˡ
＾֣Խֲȫû˵
Щʧתһ룬ȴҲ⡣
İʶֵĶ࣬һֻԼҸ⼸ʮأûл̫ʶһоֻԴԼ汲Ŀڿഫ޷ֲ֪ʶϵͳ֪ˡ
ϵͳԵũѧ鼮ҲûУֻʯͷˡ
ӹ񶼲ȱֻͣҪأԼ¾һʱûôλȥЩճɵġ
ũÿǮ˴ߣ䭾ũǵĻԼִյɢֵ֪ʶѻġ
ϸũҸ棬ǱĵأҪɿԸ״̬ҪĴžǳݺͷء
ݼ򵥣ûռɣݻһܷʵء
أˮƽȷʵǼǳ顣
ǳľ磬п˵ġ
ֻҪ滻磬ЧʱߣҲήͺܶࡣ
Щ䭱ǵĻ빤
ΪҪԭԱи֣䭸մԭ˻Ǵţ˵ˡ
ӦͤĴ£ҲЩʵµģӦͤҪӪ߲䭱Ѽ½
μ
˱ϹϾ
ɡ
ָ׵ӵ
˸ȴֻ˰ƨɣһʱ׼Ĺģ
䭵ûоǵ̬ȡ
ǰҲǶĹ٣ǰοصʱС¹ʲϣҲʲرأȱ˲żš
ˣηûоηҪá
ν
Ըæֵ
䭶Ի
ԭԱ»ָǣŮÿĶأ˰֡޵صİգͬԭءЩֵ֣غ͵Ǽᡣ
ɫЩԥ
䭼״лֱ˵ǣֻҪ֮
ŵ
ԭΪ֣´ģЩ˴Ǳش󻧣Էָƽͷգ᲻᲻̫ã
⻰΢΢һӣ
ЩͶȥϱˣѵǲֵأҪնŶۿô׻ģ
вԻұԡ
ĸȨʱ»
ǼȻˣҪʧȥڵвƲ׼
ңڣҲۿԭڼϣһȴӵԭľ󲿷ء
շأǱȻ֮١
䭻еļЩڨڨ
¹̫޶ۣûᵽ԰յİ֮ġ
䭰˰֣
ҲұͣԺɻͽ㾡˵ϲ˳ԡ
һ˼ƶ̣˼Ƴ
һܿǵĶ޵ģϼˣ˵ȷʵ뵽һЩû뵽Ķ
ó£ʹ
Ӷж٣
⼸£һֱûֹͣɹʳ
棬һʼɹֱתΪˣȻǮҪܶ࣬ȴΪ㡣
Ѿûֱãڹʡ²٣Ҳʡ˵ǳ˹ûбë
ڽ˼ˣֳ˿ظ㲻ȱǮˣǮļֵԽڻȡõʡ
Ѿȥ˶ˣ˵һȫ˵ҪףӦҲвʣࡣ
Ȼ
ؿʮɽϴһֵɽկ
䭺ܷģ
óһټӽͷ⣬ľҲҪ켸ǧ
ǰͷѾµͼʵ
Ҫԭշ𣿡
䭵Ҳ㲻Ϸֻ衣
ǰԸĻҲı֣
أ𻵣ѱһЩ˽¡ңأǷ̫ݳˣ
䭶λӻʵӡҪò٣¶
ǵҲ޷ϴɾˣȥҲԴΪģ֮Ǽͷʱ𻵣Ҳ뱣֤
ⷽӦԴʩġ
꣬Ҳź׵Ͻ¡
˵ղһ£˺һŵ
¹ٲ֪ﶬٽˮóȻǻ֣ʢжϷ磬ǻɱϣֻΣԭ
һϣȴû뵽
ִǲɭ־Ȼģܿ뵽˽취
ĵػƬÿһƬ֮һɿյأӲȫɾԭʮɿյأ㲻ûʧء
һ룬ȷʵǸð취λǼ˫
Ӣ¹ٱضհ죬֤κ©
ı֤Ҫģ䣬㽫ˡ
λЩ鶼·ˣܿ֯Ӫɵذȥ
ֻǣôҲû뵽ֵһ¾Ȼ谭
谭ʲô󻧣ԭİձ
ֵصȥ죬䭽ѯʽȡ
ȴǼûѵĲ£ǳȴɫ亹乣
ءؿաշֳȥ߰ٶĶءǲǺأ¹ٲʵ֮Ҳǿ졭
䭶ʱüͷȥȻһٶأ
״Ͻ
ǱߵЩôʧȥصİգӦûԸģ
ûЩǶ԰հһ£ȴԸ⣬бȻԭ
ģ
뵽ıλ
ϽԼڳŴʾʩദڴС˺˸ﳤͨ˵һ飬ȷظ߰գᷢӸңũ
꣬ɻô˵λ˵ġ
βԸأʹ
С
ʹġЩ˵˴ɱӱض𣬴ʱֵأѰ·
˵бʮ£°ų
ҿΪ˸ǼḺũߣѷӣѾ˵زˣЩվȻʶôܲ߳ŭ
Ȼ˶ŭ
ȷʵû뵽ԭݺ󣬰ȻԱ˿־塣
ֲݵҲǿϰȥֵءƱػҪ취ܴǡ


36 
ҵԭ »ȽϺý
䭺ܿ뵽һһõĺð취
ԭؾͻӪһȥǰߵĵؿ֣ǰÿһ̨б֣ ȼ̨š
޷ǺֵصʱϱֱֻҪǲǰ߸֣ רŵԤƣǵİȫб
Ȼֻʱġ
Ľ취 һºԭ
ֻҪԭǵһߣ ǾͲٺ³Ǹ֡
Һԭ֣ºԭܱס֡ǴҲ㹻ؾϺüˡ
ֻǣ һƣ ԭеδܱסǰ ʻһѻյ֡
˲Ҳû 뾡ܵذԭ ֤ʳ
䭺ܿ䲼
ӪУԶΪλÿһ鹦ѫͭƻ㿼ͭƣɷʮĶأ ѫԽֵܷ࣬Խࡣ
أ ɸöӽи֣ ӣ ũߣ ţɾṩ ճɣһϽһöʿöӵĶԱԼֲ꣬Ҳʿ߰հæ֡
ϢܿھдݿӪʿǶʮָˡ
οˣν˷ˣԼ뱱һδսԭЩʿÿһ˵Ҳͭƣ߰˿Ҳеġ
ζţٿԷֵöʮĶأ߰ʮĶء
Ǹʲô
δһҲδôء
ǳͶʲôҲسҲؽ˰ܰһճɡ
ؼֻǶ⸣ƽյľãʳʹ;Ѿ㹻ͷĽˡ
˵ԺѫߵĶԱǷأ˰
ԽԽͷˡ
ӪϲʿǷ׷״ߴŶӳϽȥǼء
˵ֵĵؿԭӣ
Ӫʿǿɲ£ԶΪλжһСϺˣûףҲһܰѱն¡
һȺ°ܽϴαɱͷ¸
Ǽϣ·ȥԼЩؿϵӲݡ
ҲҪȫǸ׿ķֽȻͷŰѻյ
һҹͿȥǼǽصˡ
ǿΪ˼ǵĸָרŴģϴ뱱ֽսʱսƷ
Щȫû˵ģֱӳǵκҲ޷ٷ۵ģأβõıֱɱˣЩѾһΪǵĿ
ʿǴ඼ƶũҳǰֹصģȻ֪ЩũĿɹ
磬ǰڼҸֵʱûôõ
磬ɾԶҺطֱǰδеɡ
ŷأʿɵ˷ܵؽкԭҰﶼϲõա
ж룬ſ̫ˣ
ŵǻϹٿѹեʱĺӰ
ңӲŸտʼء
ȷ˵ˣѫͭԽֵܷ࣬ĵԽ࣬ԺҪһԼֵأԼֲ˰֣ǿɲ͸үһô
*
ӪؿʼϢͳ˳һشԭؾ֮С
ȻӪפԭؾӪ벻֪Ҳѡ
ŻһͿũ߳ȥԭؾ޲¶Ľ
ȥϱǣҲȲѡ
Ӳбͷ
˭˵أö࣬ԵúôúãзʹͣԺﲻ֪ٴСϱ޸ǣʱϱһȢҵһ죬ӱùˣ
ǰĻӪǲŽܷ¸ܷôõǰû˵
˵ͱѡ˲ٽӪҲ֪ʲôʱʼѡΡ
⻰˿ʼӪߡ
ιɶȥأ
һ㲻ɽ¶ˮص
ɶȥ򣡡
˲ţ͵͵ȥһ߿
ǼһǸ˵ȥʵ͵͵űȥˣ
ҲһȻ
ݣ̫թˣ͵͵϶ǼȥԼӪ
һ˵Ҷ˽ȸУ»ûϵʱ䣬ʿҲԷػȥñϰ
Ա˺ˣе˶î˾úøµĻӪϹ£ȡսӪʱ򣬷ֵغʹҲǵһݣ
ԭؾϱ±һǰδеĲ顣
*
ԭǾô󣬻ӪĻǣǣȥأȻǱԭİǿ
жľԭؾļҾǣ˵Ӫʿȥǰ߿ֲȺ˵Դˡ
бӣҲлӪǰͷأ˵˷̨
һͻ˵š
һֵصʱһЩַܡ
Ӫ϶ɱ֣ǱȻǻǰȥƴɱġ
лӪţ㹻ܻسˡ
һʵȥֲķҲûôˡ
˵֪ˣԽܲճɣʮ죬οѸǷӣũߺһѲ
ЩмҾʰϲ֪Σջȥġ
ţؾҾǷ׷׿ʼء
ۿؾҾǶȥˣͨҲסˡ
һ֪ĻӪѾǰߵؿʼ֣е뷨̾ͱˡ
ѹЩмҾ˻ȥǼأԭţǵйǣ
ЩʿҾȥô죬϶ȥõĵء
ˣǿҲˡ
û죬ȫǰնȿֺȥء
úЩʧȥصİҲˡ
ԭ⣬Ȼؿʼ˰βݣֲ
ƺΪ˱ְ֤ǵİȫԭؾҲʱ߽紦
*
ԭУؽ͸ǰ߽紦̽ʻ
кζ򣿡
˴£ڴһ֧ǧ˵Ķһ֧еˣǷַǵ
ŷɥĻ죬ֻλĽɫ졣
ϧǣõ׵ǴӺζǱϢ̫Ŀǰ
̽ӵ
ĿǰȫԭԱֵء
񣿡͸ץסʿȥֵأ
ǡ˵ֱױǷ˺ܶأǿģճʿһ롣
͸꣬ʱ¶ı顣
ȫû뵽ǿĶ֣޴Ұ״
ôõĻᣬһ򵽺ԭȻͣԼʿȥֵأ
͸һĴȣ
ģȻڸȥֵأүүûϮǣ
Ϊ˷ԭѾѸٴӱߵһ򾫱ϵԭÿѸٳ˵ֲܴ
̽æ
ɣԭؾҲڱ߽磬ʱѲӣ˷̨ǻûͻᱻ֡
ԷΪ׵ĶСЯϱϺöڿҰǶҲռ̫ơ
ؼǣΪ˲ֻţûµ֪׵ʱէȻȻҪɴҡ
һ룬ȻǲóȻ
תһ룬˷̬ҲǺġ
λԭغúþӪʵ
ԣǰԷһԭǸ߿
뵽͸Ȼ˿
⻺ʱ䣬ҲԺúüӹĳǽھĻǺӣҲ޿κˡ


37 
ԭ޽ڽصĵط λ׺ƽԭͷڸԭɽм䣬ס˱µȥ·
Ϊ֣ ڱĳǽ޵൱᲻ɴݣϱԴ Ȼûôġ
ԭóȥ󣬴Ϊ뱱ٿսˣδ
Դ߾ս ʹ ҲƽԭҰսϱռκơһֱԭؽҲûϱߵĳǽ¡
˭뵽֮ˡ
͸֪ ڴаܵҵĽ졣
ϢѾܴͥ 󺹺ܲ⣬ ٳκ©ˡ
ӻصԭǿʼڳھ򻤳Ǻ뺾 볤֣ ലں֮⡣
ϴ֮԰ܵ˳ףҪΪ⧲͵Ϯ־һ𣬲Żʧء
ǲ˷ߣ ʹԷףҲô׾Ϳ
ֻϧ ã Ȼû ͣԭ
Ȼ ǽĺʱ
͸ Ĳʯӽʯ콫ǽ޺á
һȥƵ׳ɽʯ߽зµ
*
ʯУǣڿŴʯͷ峵ϰᡣ
鼳µļҲС
ڿӪһֱóԺúȵţճ嶼ǿ׳⼸ԲҪЩʯͷҲǲ̫
˱㲻ˡ
ߵһͷ׵ˣΪЩּ׳һӳϡ
ƺ岻ʣ·ʮֳһ飬̵˵ϣð
Ǳּ׳ǰȥ쿴һ£Ǳıֱ
ūڷգôˣȥˣ
Ϊԭܣֺԭ˶ֵĹūϼӿܡ
ʮΪһף׳ɱ˵Ρ
ˣŵԭūоԵƿȨ
Ϊ˲˷ʳѲ߳ʮūȥ
⻰һ̳˳żرס˼׳ȣ
׳ҵûʮ񰡣׳
ڱЩԭѹͲˣȲţ
˵Ŀ󣬱ּ׳ʮֲͷһӳļϣȵ
֣ȥ£
˻ȴץűּ׳ȲšΪ֪ԼֻҪһ֣׾ͻᱻȥ
ּ׳ŭֱӳ嵶ͳ˿ȥ
˶ʱż򣬵ڵϲҽ
ʹּ׳Ȳޣֳ˳ȥ
һʱ䣬ֻѪעҽϡ
鼳ߵıߺҪȥֹ鼳ۼֿסˡ
ȥ
ҧݺݵصͺȵ
ıҲѹ
ָʹ̫ɺˣֹҪˣ
鼳
ȥֹǰЩʲô³
ʯĿùһ𷴿߱ѹĳ棬ʯΧǧıֱţµģᱻѸٸıֱҼ
ֹҲȲǸӶˣֻ޼ֵ
ģԼ޼ֵڱҼ֮£ϿɱЩӣ
⻰޳ͷԵʿ侲һЩٴӲ
鼳״ݺݵؿһʯͷǰߡ
ԭѾ̣˶˵ԭ˵Ҵ
ԲůеŮʱܱ˿ϺϵĻ߲صģֱӱȥ
ΪֹĲ˵Ҳ޷ӵУÿʮ˼ֻһѲ˵ɱֵļ׳ܡ

޵ĶڵѪ
ЩͬѪҺͬͳ¹硣
ΪҪ׽ǣű͡
Ϊһʱ˿Ĵơ
̵ЩӪָʹüıͲҪȥ
ǰᣬǱܻȡ˻
ɽͣΪ˲ϱսʼ
ΪūԭգһսһᱻϵǰߣѪ֮Ϊ赲ڻ
Ϊø˻Żѡػķʽɽ֡
*
鼳˲ͬǣղһĻţͷӿϵǿ־뵣ǡ
ӷСţһ̧һʯͷʱ
ַŵЩõǧҪͦסεˣ
ĶӷСţصͷո˵ַŵһЩ
ǰͿʼˡ
һֱûšΪͷץϣĴȾյĿԵģһ֣ȫᱻȥ
ʮ꣬ڵÿ춼ܿ࣬һҲ
ֻлţϣ
ʯǰ˵γ˸̣һ˳ȥֻʣһǧ˻
˵ǴĹٱġ
Ȼӳ𣬾Ͳ֪ʲôӡ
ǽǴʵͳεʱӲġ
ʱҲҪܶ˰үҲܸߣʱбɱˡ
ˣԼķݣֵصճԼɣÿܳٷܳİͷϼ͵ķ⡣Ҳͱߣ֪ȥ
Դ˵սܵϢʱ룬ٱôҪʲôʱܴ򵽺ԭǾͺˡ
Ҳܹһܳٷӣּ֪׳ǳԵİͷʲôζ˵ҵҲһӡ
ԣһҪסһҪȵһ졣
ҧŬԼҪֳӣӲŵչʱ
Ȼʱǲּ׳һгԵģٿ»Ϣˡ
Ȼĵµ鷢ˡ
ʿǳ극ūߣʼ飬Ƿзյļ
ͷĶСţˡ
ţҲܻţһֱ߶ôô죬ѰطȴҲط
˵ӣԱһЩϵˣĬĬָָˮͰ
Сţʱ񿴵ϣһ㣬Ͻ嵽ˮͰߣҨһưˮԼá
ˮоϣӦòٱ˰ɡ
ܿ죬ֱÿͷ¶ȡ
ûþֵ
Ǳֱһˮʱüͷ
Լɣ
ҷֻԼˮصȴűֱ̽
ϵ¶ʵ̫ˣ¸ˮҲûãǱֱһӾͷڷա
ȥ
ţϽſͷ
үûգֻǸղˣʮ갡ΪүǸɺܶĻһ·ɣ
Ǳֱͷһڷţؿϡ
ţ󱾾ͺǿ׳ţūÿֻܳһٷﾭһţһţʱѪ
ֻؿűֱɪɪĶߡ
˶˵̵ֻתͷϱʹѹֵؿŵˡ
Сţ޷֮ر˳ȥס֡
ͷʮһϳūȫиϵһͷбֱء
һǾͻᱻиϵ˵ĵط
£ڰûռ䡣
µڣҲû˸ҳ֣Ϊ˵ıͽ̻ǹأģᱻһĨ˲ӡ
ںڰᣬصȴĽ١
СţΪˣȴôҲû뵽ڰİҹʱ֣ͷͻȻ˳Ļ⣡


38 
ʱĲʯʱӪأ ֱǾסѾǴ
ܼĻӸߴϣҩǿҵȼܣʹĻϨ Ѹš
̼䣬˻㱻˺ܴһ顣
ŻˣŻˣ
Ѳߵʿֺ ̴кû㱻ͻȻðĺӰһ
Щ΢ѵıֱϽܳ쿴 Ȼſ Щһ㱻ɾһͱ˶ǳ
ӪвϴҽС
ԽԽıֱѣһȴѾΧ У ûüñ壬 ȴһͱſڵһ
ɱḶ́˴Լһӱͣ
ʱֱӪһƬ ѾܴС
У һӶɫʿ½ӪصĸܲûлĿյϣؼһ
ÿһӣͷıܵǰ棬׵Ľ㱨
 ʮȫ𣡡
ʮȫ𣡡
 ʮȫ𣡡

֧ҹϮĶ飬 Ȼ䭵ĻӪɡ
ԭʮ һԭ һڵȴԺԭϢǵı
Ϊ˶Ŀ ǻ֧Ԯԭġ
ԭǺԮ沿ȾϢҪͺһЩ
֪ؽ͸ԭǰǽھ£䭱˴ϱ߽Ĵ㡣
Щ´谭뾡ܱסԭյ
ڱֵͳ»Ѿ㹻˼ŽҴǣԼ˵ڻ֮¡
Ȼ뷨ûκ˵
ֱԣūΪǰʱȽ١
õ֪ߣԺ̱ûˡ
ԣսǰԱʱҲδԴĶʿ
ֻĻӪפԭĽȽ죬ԭȱԭʳºԭؾʳǵضɹĺ
ºԭµĴ󣬲ŲڳΪĲϣʱŲᵣıͻȻʹ
Щɣ㹻ǵĶ־
ΪδɽȻΪ˳䲻⣬ҩ󻯡
ҪķϱߣдɽֻҪɽtɡ
һɽţһǧؾһܲʯūһ΢΢ܻԽɽֵĵˡ
ճɽӸ£ɼɽһжвԵĵطԼʱԶʾ
鼳ǱգѾɽϲttֻʮ˵һСӡ
ֲ̫Բʯߵˣ鼳Ǳڲʯʮˣ͵ϼױֱ·˵;ƣ׾ٱ˲tɵ̽
û̽ʾʯź޷
ȴԭǱĴŻӪҹкü죬ֲӳ£ɫǱ˰ɽ
ֻҪɵʯһǧֱ˴ʮĺԭŷرܺùơ
ҹעޡ
ǱԽʯţλںԭϵıפӪؽͻϮ
Ӫʿȫ룬ȷؾһǧ˼û©䭱
֯ʯվȻ˵ȣȫྲȫٸԭǣ
ǣ
ʿӦŵȻԾҧľŻҩԼɼͶʯȫٳźԭǽ
ԭʯʮо£Ӫֻһʱ˾ŲԶĻǺ⡣
ÿһⶼлǺӵģÿϣӻǺߵľŶûġ
벻ԽǺǲܵġ
˷ΣӪкܳľ飬ڲ˷ֵ¼о
ٽţӪȫſڵأĬϵĺҹɫõ¡
ӴűʿףҲװɱʿģĻǰȥ
ͷ鼳ñ׼ıֻ
ʯн򽫾㱨뿪ţ
Ǳ߳ϵؾŻһԼˣ˵ıֻûôɵأӻǺľš
鼳˳¥£ʯǱõƷڴĿ¥ϵʿ鿴
ȷǱ߲Ŵ˳š
鼳һǣӣһڳ¥£סŻأһȥľŻء
ǵԶسǵıֱ٣ֻҪסϢ㹻øıţռλˡ
ŵıֱ޷ɱص˺󣬺ܿ췴Ӧ̳¥³ͼػأرճš
̨ϵʿŻҪȼʾ
ǳ¥ĽṹѾ֪Ϥ䭻Ӫû׼
ȼյǾãͨʮϡ
ʹŻǺӣǵʿȻ׼С
ӪܿУѸռš
˰ֳţ˼־Ӫ
Ȼž뱱־Ӫأһ·Ѳߵʿǻʱ
ˡ
鼳
Ӫ޽ѾЩͷʩơλ⿤ǵϱϣǷ߻ϱߵĵϮǳ㡣
Ϊ˽зʽ޽Ƶй죬ӪһǷյĳǽһҲֻһڡ
÷䭡
Զرصĳڣ΢ӣλͼ͵ıֽôҲ뵽ľƣӪΪӪʿ֮ء
䭻еģ
Ͷʯ׼
ѵصĻӪʿѸٽеĸƴһ
һСͶʯ̱ƴӳɹ
ͶʯѾݼıͶʯй
ͶʯǲУɼʮصĴףͶԭİף߰ס
Ͷʯںڰкܿڸʮһſ
ֻһ˸߲˶ٵżԶ˿û־Ӫע⡣
𣬷䣡
ڰбȼһ΢Ĺ⣬ߣֱ䵽˱־Ӫм䡣
ʲô
Ӫſڵıע⵽⣬ȴѾˡ
һϢӪдըװľ죬ضɽҡ
˯еıִеĻУֱӱը졣
δʶףڰ͸Ϣ£û
ֱɵˣֱը𣬲γѰ󺰵
еϮеϮ
ʾӪ
Ȼʲôء
ͻĺըѾִӪס
ضɽҡ̹ͬǰըķѣ֪Ƭ⧲壬˲ӣ˲Ѫӿ
˯ͻȻϮδֲ֪־ըӪ
ֻģԭսǲʿ֪ô¡
ɾ֪ҲֻǸ־ѡ
ЩŵûɢȫޣҪʶӪſܡ
һܻһ߿־غţ
ˣӣӰ
ǵĿֻӴܣֻܼӾըӪ̶ȶѡ
ҹըӪǱ֮ɡٺµĵδ֪־ʱҲΪͷӬ
˶д౻˵Ĳ֪鱱ֱҲȺԭսıӪſܡ
䭵ԤУһܵӽӪſڵλãȴǵֻһֵĺը
ŵıֱʱ˱ڵϵȺ˲ֱ˾Ӫ
ܳ˾ӪŵģҲлӪĹֵǣûܼǱͨͨҼ֮¡
ڱɼӾЩֱľӪһ౱ֱ˳׵Ļ뾪֣ҲָӲ
ûиǷӦʱ䣬վڸߴtϵָͶʯ;룬ܼķͶס
һöͶϣִһˣѾ߰˰ˡ
½һŵģҲ޷Ǹ޷Ŀֲع鱣ӣڷɵ
ҲҪ£ֻǴٱСϷȥ
͸˻ߵغţƴ޹ĺ١
Ȼ𵽵΢΢
ΪʹһСˣҲûһըлع񣬸޷֯Чķ
Ż֮е˱ʬԼǿټȴдűŶ˻ļʿ͸Ҳľ
һˡ
ྫ벽ȫԭҲסˡ
ڵΣԼҲΪķ²
Ҳ޷ģԼȻαͬһ˴
һ⣬֪Ȼ˵һڣֱӱԭը˲ء
Ǵ֮Ѿȡ˽ѵϽʱѡ˷ǳսٴα
Ҳû뵽ıȻϢͽ˳ǣҹֱӺըӪ
ĺ¾ھӪըú޻ֻ֮׸
ʼɣǲĻʲô֮
Ȼڹĺԭ¥ûκʾôͻȻ٣


39 
 Ҫը𣿡
鼳ǰѯʵ
ԭô죬һ̣졣
䭿ԶЩֵıֱ ˰֡
ⳡ̴ĵز־Ӫеʿǣ Ѿûʲôˡ
޶־Ķ֣ٿըɱûʲôˡ
ûҪ˷ѹסЩֱҲбô
ɸ廰ȥ Ͷ߲ɱԸͶ 㻥˫֣Ͷ
鼳Ȼ⣬ΪʲôҪЩһ· ˺ȥˡ
Ͷ߲ɱͶ෴˫֣ ش
Ȱı쳹Ӫ
Ȼ ǰĲǺʿٸͶ֣ ǰ˹ ϣҲСŵףǸзΪǶ
ֱͱú޶־ ʱֱΧͶǱĽ֣ Ȼٷ
ûã Ǳ㰴Ҫ ֣ ˵ϡ
ۼ˾ ؽ͸ҲĻصڵأܿ챻ĻӪʿõŲӣס˫֡
ʱڳѲߵıֱҲˡ
ʱѶССļˣʹҲûκá
䭵ľɲһĴٱ±ֱһЩ˹˵ͷżܿ͵һƬ
ٽЩѵصһ飬Ѳ߱
ǱϵúãټƣûþͰѸѲ߱ȫˡ
һֻӪȥǷıʿԼߵ͸ǰ΢Ц廰
͸Ϊ˱ⲻҪǩϱŵʿͶ
͸޺޵ضйһڣ
Σ
Ҳ̬ȣֻ
ѡ鼳ڱֱԾģһȥűţ˵ӪϮΣؾԮ
ַԸ
죬߰ٹͶ֣ڰ붫ƽַԮֱз
ȥ
ϱҪ
ռţԭؾɲѴ֮ؽԴǣǿĿơ
ţϵԱֵķأҲ뾡£ⱱԮֱ롣
͸ʱĿѣ
ôӣ˱ɣбұһս
ŲıԺԲƣȴķڡ
Ӫֻ·ܾӸ¿ԶӪ˴ĶǱ߱ȻѾ֡
ʱȥԮǱ߾Ӳ
һպ˴֮УƾǵĹףɾŵؾȫû
ʱǽѴ֮ţֱӴ򿪺ԭϴš
ʧȥ̵һߣٱֱԭǣԭĳ׶ˣ
űĵŭ䭺⣺
թ͸䲻𣿡
͸첱Ӵ֡
Ҫŭ䭹˰һȥˡ


40 
кܿ촫Ӷڻ
Ѿ 䭱ĵطֱʱǶĸţȫڻӪ֮С
ֵһǧ² Ҳȫص˸õĵ֮С
ǵֻһڣһţ Ѿ
䭱ʣıȥӹ֡
ͻȻû ֱȻܷٻ֡
ԭеĴ ȫԱȫ
֮ʱԭǣѾƿء
ԭǵİǾĶ˴ϣ һ ź֪طֱ졣
֪仯ģ ȻҪʯİǡ
СţΪտԱȴȥĲˣ ڿͷĻ⣬ ĲҽʱҲҶȥ
ֳڵѪͳΣѾκβعصľٶ
ͷʲôˣ ҲЩū޹ء
ɱҽͷƽϢ ĽŲ Լǳ׼ԭ
Щּ׳Ǵſԭ ߴıֻȫͬǻ
ЩƺˮȻ
ͷææµµ˺ܾã Ѿʱ ǵƿףž׳һӵͷ˽
Ȼ׳ͱ˵Ĵͬ嵶ģȻǾүɡ
ΪȥˣСţ˶ʱŵȽŷ
ͬɱţǰ¹Ҳһ֪ûϣȴ̲ס¿ͷ
үһģǲҪң
ү
үҵѾˣһȥɻɣ
ԭΪȻֻᱻǳֱӱεȴû뵽ͷȴºЩ֪
λ׿ѽ򣡡
ã̧ͷȥ׳޴ͼǰˡ
һ׳ү
ǿ϶֪ʲô¡
Щ˵ˣ
λףҵǴ»ӪҹҾ⸴ʯǴ񣬿ӣӽǶΪͱ񣡡
Ҫ£ֻǴǿģ˺ǡ
λү˼СţΡ
ԼǲΪ̫ȥԲŻεӹ⸴˲ʯ
ȻҲ࣬һ㱵ı飬ͷǼ飬ʲôʹʲô
ϣÿ˱һϸӵĲôͷסڱǣȻͿȥԷˡ
ʮ˻л߳񣬴ʱѾˡ
߳ûԶСţͼҲһĲӭ
Сţôû°ɣ
ಡǵļҲ˹һſڱǣһҲηдſ־壬žʮ㡣
Сţҡҡͷû£Щү˵ɱˣ˵ʲôĿ֪ô𣿡
⻰ţ۾΢΢⣬ѹ˷ܵ
Ͽ˰Ѳʯıȫɱˣү˵ԺĿܣԺҲû˿۸ˣ
Ĭһӵˣƽͷһôࣺ
Ǻ˰µľүҲǺˣ㲻֪˻Ժ󣬿µĽ˵һֻһٷ̾ȥ࣬ÿ˰ҹһ࣡
ҴŵӸ˵ǵ£˵˴ǿЩչǡ
ߣȥ췹ԣǶˣǼ˻ûأ
ߵ췹ĵطȻһ࣬ŴŴζǷСţʮûζóԵͷҪȥˡ
극оүӣ˵ˣЩҪഩ㡣
ֹһһͰҩÿһ룬Ǻȥ˯һ纮ͻὥ
ţȼһֱڸлүǣ˵鷳
үȴںЦŰڰ֣
ǿ˵ˣ˾ӦܵչˣԺô˯ãźõÿ죡
ȺҩůӣСţͷһ֪ԭ˲ᱻɱܵôõչˡ
ͷһΣԼһˡ
ҩϸűӣĶԸ׷ţ
⸴˲ʯã
̾Ϣŵ
ǰԭóȥʮ꣬û뵽бոһ죡
ֻǣֱ׺Ҳ֪⿤ľܲסʯزסЩ˸ôأ
Ҫǿܴһӻشͺˡ
ǣû˵ҳҸеĶ֪
⺢Ӵӳûʲôӣֻһ죬ʱһҲǺõġ
ôҲû뵽ʯţ˵ԭǵһ౱־Ѿȫ²ԭǾƿأ
ԭū۶꣬еİն֪һ౱־жôס
λˣζľԶȱֱǿ
ӪʿǻȸԾеҲ˲ɢȥ
ǿĿӣǲ±ٻˣ
*
ǵİգֱŷֱ˵ġ
ЩסڳеİգһǷڱֱ̻һڱֹӪūΪūİ첻㱻˵ıɻ
ҹң˵լҲ˾æҵ֪ʲô¡
һֱҲûñǡ
˺þãǲŴŵӳ鿴ȴլһҲû
ߵϣŷÿԭϣһ˵ϲãе㵸еڵϴشޣе˱߿ޱЦ̫֮
һū׳ŵǰȥһվڽֱ߷Ĳƹ
ƹģ⵽ǷʲôˣҶôˣ
ƹǺǺǺǵصЦȻͻȻ
ôˣǺԭǹ⸴ˣٱҹѱȫɱˣֵȫɱˣ
˵˵ţͻȻ
ӣ㣡ˣЩǵıȫɱˣ
Щڳģűū΢úЩȴҲһϦ
õ룬ȫҪֹٸеŮ죬б˿ϵģҲȥźǻƻȥҲȥ
ȥ֮Ůǻܻܲūһδ֪
֮⣬Ҫۣ㵽ͷˣһҪȥ̯Ӻ͵̣ȻҲֹٸָˡ
̻ļŮΪƽıūԺЩ̣ЩСкҲ⡣
ԭԭգÿһҶڱϣÿһҶֵܱū衣
뱱֣Ѫ
񣬺ԭǱٱ⸴ֱɱͨƽҲȫϳ˳ǣβϲ
ϢΪūԭҲϲͨһڵϣ૵
үүʦǿĿˣ
֪ϢԽԽࡣ
̫ͷȫǰնںԭ⸴ϲС
ĴҲδضãˣڶūκһˣаεɱǵȨ
ϲ֮Էפ⸴ɽӢǿͷ¾
ʱڽս
ڰһֻӪضĸţְһڳѲάΰ˵ҪͳƴսƷ
ռԭɱԭһսջ̫ˡ
ʱֻڱؾϹһƤȴͷţˡ
ģ־Ӫľ衣
˿ڲԭô࣬ıҲԭ
ֻܹжʮӣȴΪȱֲȱţӵ쳣
ǰ˾ѹΪ׼ģ֮⣬ÿ˻һѱ糤ǹǶ֮
ÿƥҲһƥʵƤ˾
֮⣬ʳߴʮʯ˵ľӳϺܶ꣬ӦðԺҪ˸սʳ
ĲϾҲ㹻ƥһꡣ
Щ֮⣬ڳиֹеĳãڳѹεĲƱûܴߡһֵļֵʱ޷
ҪԴбȫûǮˡ
ңԭúֲԭԭص˴´࣬ɺܶط˿ڣ
ջ񣬻Ӫ˸ѡ
˷նǵʹͿ϶ٲˣԺװҲԽԽãʱ򣬾ͱ˵Ҳ˿ˣ
䭲û͵˼
ڵĽԭİǧؾϡ
ǧ˵ĻӣһʱӭַĿǣ˻̫ˡ
ĽǴϳģ·Ϻܻܿ;سפıֱ
ԭؾֲŲãװȻȥ٣Զ;ı־࣬Ҳġ
⣬ҪĹóаա
ʮԭգʲôסôֵأôŹҪѺܴһ


41 
ʱ Ĺ㳡㼯˶ʮʩ㡣
ӪڴСﺰ
ÿڳͬŸʩ࣬ һ٣Դ꣬ ǰȡ
⸴ϲ֮󣬰ǵĶܹ黹Ƕġ
ǰΪūΪǵķ ֻһһٷ
־ƽסߣ ǼҵһЩԭ˵Ǳ˵ʮǵʳܹǳԶã
ǰǰĴ⡣
 ʩ࣬ ǾͲˣ
 һܳ٣ԳԵúܱ
һٷ ЩΪūʮİҸˡ
ζ໬һ̣ ʵʵظо˺ԭعƿغĺô
ӱˣı㰲ˡټʩദлðǲɳɱӣնģǺָ̫ܿƽ
ڶһ磬 죬ȥһʾ ÿ֧ʮĹǮ ͹ܱ ÿһ⣬ Ƹ͹ڱ¡
 Щ⣺
ֻЩʱ͹ǳ⣬᲻̫˷Щ
ÿնʮĹǮ͹ܱ͹Ѿ㹻Խˡ
ڿͳľǾƷܴ󡣱ʳӦͳԽνɻĶ࣬ȴҲʹð
ϴԭʬڶദ꣬ʩʱһЩɲȱˡ
ſһשһ߲Ŵļҵ֪ͳؾĲףȻ뿤޹ؽҪ˷ѵôʡ
Ľ̵ϸ͵
ⲻ˷ѡЩ͹ˣΪǵͬۡ
ʱȻ
ȥ͹Ҹڴʱȥ͹ģ岻УʶȴеġԽбЩ˱ȻӦ
ڱֵū£ԲůӱͲãǳ⣬ҲǰͿʼ塣
հԶ

䭼
ŵķ£ҪںãԷͻϮ͹ʱܱǵİȫҪðûк֮ǡ
ʮǰߵķѾǳƣԭռȥΪٴռݺԭǣ˰ѻǺ뺾ˣֻڡ
֪ռݺԭҲǸǣֳᷴ򱱱ߵķ±ϡ
ģĩػᾡǵĺ֮ǡ
ǣ磬Ƶĸʾ˳ȥ
ڸʾʾݣ
λףΪ˷־˭Ҳ뿴ٴιƳǳأٴݼıԲԣף뿶ǿӪ֮ʦ֤о͹ǰѲʾбϮڻ͹СսṤʣȥʱԲȥ
˳ίʵ˲Ѫա
ػҹǿӪΣҲ˵Σ͹Ըⱨ
ǰⱾкԭ˵ڣʵ£ôǮó⣬ȥֱΪԭж
ãѪȱ
һ͹ձȥ˱õ˰յı꣬һٴ͵ıһڶ˸˱
˵󣬰⡣ͦԣһ°úƯ
ռԭǵĵգϳĽǧԭؾѾϳ⡣
̽˱Գȥӭӡ
ܿ쵽ϳţһ£ĳŻ䭴ʮһ˳ǡ
һǣıжǧԼؽĽ
ĽôҲû뵽䭻ԳӭºǼ̷ϥأ
μ
ǧҲ¹
μ
ǳ룬ƺƵ
Ĳ˵ԭؾ£䭴ӻӪһֶӳȥԭؾͷ⶯ȵѵģˡ
΢֪ܴﵽȣʿнֹʶѾǿˡ
΢Цؿǣ
ڽʿˣ
˵ţԷĽɫ
ĽΣ·Ͽвʣ
ĽǰԬĥϵʵǻûȫõģ˴νԭϵش󣬳Ľûбѡ
Ӫָʹ鼳ǱںԭҪԭؼ¡
࣬еģѵҲƾȥϵ쳣ʲôҲû֣֪⡣
ĥһѷٰѴ½o
ϱߵԭһ·Ͼسǣƽԭ֮һȥûڵؾ֣ҷսĸʺָܴӲͣʿһ鷳顣
ĽǴӻӪָʹսָǼǿģԭؾҲǴ˼ʮ꽻ģ֪֪ٺʲ
ԣ˴ζ෬ǺԭѵأĽʾǰԭ
Ľܲסǰ䭻Ľʹ
֪һʣĽ̼ؽԺܸôܱίΡ
ôˡ
ΨһĵģĽ塣һƷѵţ䭿ɲϣΪ˸
Ľȴһ緢
̣˵Ǵδйĳ졣
һǿԭؽʾ·
һ棬𣬾ûս˳̡
ףԴӱƷҲǳ棬ҲǰûԱһ÷綼ܴϵıҲ⼣߰ǻڣôͱǿ׳ıӴ
ڶ־ڶԱӵĳޣƽղڷ̶ܿ̿ȣ
ǴǱĳ͢˺ȣŻô޹ʿڱĵ°װ
һΣװûôʿֳ˴±ټϻӪǱѵ󷨣ӵս˲
ټƣһ·ض˷صıֱҲȻȫʤ
񣬴ʤ̵Ľݱʵĵһ仰ȴǹ壬Ǹжѡ
ڿУȾ黹ȣɼǶô
һӣܱʶأ޺ˡ
ĽЦ
صģ¹ٵûʲôˡһ·ϣ¹ٽķԸû󣡲ԭʿ쳣ͣȫصıؾ
⻰Ϊϲ
ԭؾսǳԤϡ
ãǶ÷ǳã
ųЦ⣬
µԭؾÿһ˿Ŀޣͦţ϶¶ԺϲõЦݡ
ҲǱ֮ʦˣҲԺͿĻӪһնɱ׺ıӣ
˿úãȻҲǶǵıֺɣûйǵĺ񰮣


42 
Ľĵڶ죬 ҲŲǸˡ
ԭ̴󣬲ʱ֣֯ðյȻǽѾԭһĹԱŸЧʡ
Ƕļġ
ټһ ˵ƾٲˣ޷ԭشĲǽо ֻǰԱҪڣֻҪֻдľС
ø˷ࡣ
䭸Ĵܷ ÿѮգ һǧĵı꣬ʱʳÿ׹ ڻʹ͡
Щԭ˷ Ԥ˷ӦƸ ƾȴҾƶҲӦ
Ӧͤúѡڰʵµ ѡٿ֮š
Щԭֹһͳˣ Ѿˡ
һλĴ£ҳָеļأܿ˵صĸ ҷֳһˣ аյµǼᡣ
ǼϽͳƹ ֻȫɡ
죬 䭱ڸʩദ˷լĸʾ
*
ţ뷶Сţӣ ѾӲʯǨƵ˳ڣ ÿҲʩദա
˼첡ķСţѾȬ˼ֻ
һ죬ǲŸ㿴ǸʾǰͷΧ˺ܶˣͷģЦݣǷʲôϲһ㡣
̫ˣҵϾȥǼǣŶ컹ûѶȥճˣ
˵Ѳк󸣣ǵĸɲڿô
ǰζû뵽ֺ£
Сţ̺ǰȥ
λ磬ʲôˣǶ˵ʲô
סüɫظ
£ҪǷأвŮÿĶɻȥǩ鵽ӻũߺ͸صһֻ˰˰
Сţ̫һʲôĸԱߵķţȴˣ
ÿÿĶֻ˰ṩӣũߺǲˣ
ԭóȥǰѾˡСƽռѾã˼еһЩҲʱ˵
ʱǼҴӵأһӣӸţũҲҪãǱý߳ӡ
⣬͢ÿÿ껹Ҫһٶĵͷ˰Լĸ˰ÿÿҪġ
һ굽ͷֵأ˰ӣҲֻӶѣʳ治¼Ǯ
˵ϱЩطңǵĶͣӶ
ڣԼĵز˵ֻô˰Ժö฻ԣ
ģȴֲңʵ
᲻ǹүǸˣԺҪġ
ʻһ򣬷ǳƶص
İɣӪľүǶ˵ˣԭҲôֵĵأܸģ
ţ˺һϲ¶һɵЦŶӵ
̫ˣǼҪеˣӣԺúøɣгԲ
Сţ㶵
ÿĶغܶΪʲôҶôˣ
ӳʼоѾǱ־ӪūӸŸүǸɻֵأһĶǶܲʳһ֪ûС
ţЦǺǵݣÿĶأܵöʳСţҲϲЦտ
ĳʢϣ
ð˲ñÿܳٷԼأ
һ·ͷȴͬزԵ
ƨãҪǿΪܹĺӣ
⻰ΧԳİǵĹ׷׸͵
ǰûпңһҲôõֵ˰أЩٵĲͷեͲŹ֣
ɲôǰЩٵĵĶϰնǳ⣬Щٺͱϰʲô̬ȣֱһһϣ
ҿ˵ˣǿͳҲʹ꣬ȴ͵Щԭڱָܿ࣬ʹǱԭ̽飬һͼƻҪˮأ
ԭǴøӵģôˣʵ۹ܹǺԭ𣬻ֻпżǹǣ
⻰İǸжѣЩĨᡣ
ѹֿռԭôãԭǻ֪ʱ򣬿ѾΪ˺ܶˡ
ǰ˵ӣֻǾջ˿֪Ļϰյϣ
һȥøСǺú˵֪ûпûĺӣǼμǿĴ£
ԣҲҪԺúúЧҿ
˵ۣͬСţǣҲǸпѡ
ԭ˲Ϊո˺ԭΪոԭǿ
ãǳΪŻã
ϣԺһֱͳκԭźã
*
صĹɵؽš
ͬʱŵģӵķţũ衣
ԭտڱֵū̫ãѾȲ뽨Լļҵ˵ԽճɺǱһɾץסβ͡
һˣѾǰȥ֡
⣬ǻڳзֵסլÿһ䣬һһֻһҵһѣֱصĴ佨ԼķݣٸΪֹ
ҵϣҲǰýеǼǡ
ǲأҲأɱеĻÿԶʮ˰һӪҵ˰
䭴ľӣԼļ͹ǮҲÿǵҵȶ
λ֮Щϲ䭲ģֻҪżලıٴתƵ
ԴǣӪԭؾܹǧˡ
ǰǧسǣҪݺܶࡣ
ѾռǣԭԭأܹƿصıһǧˣҪأ̫ˡ
ռºԭǮƥ಻ʤһҲȫ
˼ҲðѴģбճˡ
Ȼ񿤳ǰնܸмǵ֪ƣһǻ֪ļˣǵðۿξĺô
˼һ䭾бҪúþٰһôᣬȫǰǰչʾնĵо׼ʿǹ͡
ˣǿʿǵУǻӦе𾴺ϵĽҲʺϵİףľӣɱб𣬱ùǰ;
İæû˼£ôҲ÷ŵԺ㹻Ĺڡ
ǰʼﻮ׼ְصˡ
ϣǵı֮ء
ѾôʱգҲ֪»ǱߣڻҩĿôˡ
˼Ŵ£˻ȥʣȴû뵽Ƚӵǵļ
ŵŲؿĻܽʱûȾ̵
ǳˣܿ˵ؼ綨ᣡ
˵žͷһźɫŷ⡣
䭲һͷǴӦͤױš
ʾ֧ԮԭֻӪʿȫӦͤᡣ
һεȷʵ¹شӦͤԲʾ
յݴϢ
͢ղ󳼵ˣѾ齡
Ӧͤ˵Ѿ취˾סλղӦԣʾ¡
ԤϣһֱݵţԱ׼
ǰδԤϵԼôõĻᣬʹ򵽺ԭ
ǰοղֻӦͤһ֧ž棬Ӧԡ
̸ϻȥ


43 
ֽԣ˴γ Ѳǣװһ·ûսһ˳ Ҳһ²ŵǡ
ɼˣҲʮֳء
Ǹһֱõĺ֣ ˼ʮʥ飬ʵôĥҲʼмǹ黳
ӳʼ һ·ʧ
ǻΪ֣ ΪսңʧȥԼļ԰ֻܱ磬 ðΥɷķȥزѰһ·
ݵƤͷӰ Լ·Ķ裬 һ·üͷûɿ
첻Ӵ֣ սҸһ Ѱ
ֻϧ΢ᣬʲôҲˣֻܽ˾Щһ·ʩһЩ ǶһٱҲ༸ֻȥϣ
ߵǾڵվ ΪеĽͷͻȻʧ٣ ֱӵһࡣ
ڶ죬 ǶͷԼһˣ ϵĵǮȫûˡ
˵Ǹ֪ô£ ˯˯žʹվܵһɽ˺þòһ
վ˵ǶͷʧǰǿƯСڶԼվ
ԣԽ־ٵҲİҲȥǶͷȥʱ򵽵׷ʲô¡
Լû׷˼ȻǲִģͷղҲֻһֻ۱һֻۡ
ղǳ¥֮µʱѾˡ
ﲻ۵£ԶԶ㿴Ρĳ¥
һ·Ϊƾɵĳ¥ȻǾɵģʯͷש鶼Ǵµġ·Ҳġ
ŵİǾȻŶǡ
֪ΪʲôԣܾǺطЩͬġ
ԣ̽ǿǷ춯ȻǲشŽֱӽǣ׼õαװͨ̽ǡ
ˣʱҲֻʵʵظڰŶӡ
ڵع۲ſһ
վڵʿ̿첽ȥ쿴ԣҲſȥ
ô£
һϸ˵
ү⸾˺˲ͦصģ˵Ҿүϡ
ָŵһ򸾣ϴ÷ëĴֲ·еķŮģŮĴɫҰףˮʪˡ
һǸʵͽģǰʿǽţ
үھǸʹ˵ģ۽ǿ
ԣ΢΢üѵǵĿ
ôţʿ´Ƿ򸾼ۣȻת첽ܵſڣŵ˵˼䡣
ûãͷʻһǶԲ˷ǰݳ˵
˺ͼҾɣȥҽݣ
ǽԣôҲû뵽ķչǻػȻҲụ̂ˡ
ү⡭ôá
һ޴ص
ʿȴȻص
㲻ز˼ͷԸˣм򲡲ߣȽǣҳͣ
ǰ˵ϸ˴ʱЦŵ
Ҿ˵ҪҾүүⲻϾɳⲻ㱳ҽʡˣ
˼⾹Ȼǳ̬
ǶԷǧлϳıӰŰ֮ǰ˭ҵȣҲȫṩʱ͵ҽݲűסԣдΪ𺳡
ʵ֮ȫû뵽λΪտǵϸܵ
ĿɨЩЦԶȥİգԼ԰յлˬʵػӦ֮¡ʿԣͻȻİʿ𴦵ﲻͬˡ
ЩϣһֻİĸУǵжŶδϣ
طײİ˾ǻľ
֮ĹϵҲطسʿգǸŭԡ
ʿǣƺһ㶼Ƕ԰׺һͽԼţǣҲǷĸмǡ
ͣĪˡ
ңЩʿһͦ׳ʵɫ󣬾װ棬ȥ˵ǽϱҲš
Ҳطݹᾣһ˵Цһͻúбͷ
⣬һຮ߳Ӧе
Ŷ߽Ŀһ־֮У˵ǣɰǽ̯ǷھȾǲ
غü߳Ƕսԭֻ֮ЩΪλ˰ģ
ѵһжΪ
ԣȻӵҲûʾ֪Щʲô£˲ͬľȷʵֵ̽Ѱһ
֣ӹ
ȥһ£ڳзΣǺЩʲô£
Ҫȥһմ磬΢ֵ׳ͻȻǰļƤЦⲻЦص
ˣ֪ʲôֱȥʿ˲ͺˡ
ԣһͷһ֪ʱѾվһؿ
㡭Ҫʲô
˵
Ѿʱɣ
ԣȻûжһɹʲô£ȴҲ֪˾ͷˡ
΢ǣߵ˱Ͳ࣬ûзأֻܸŴͷɥظߡ
ѾˣǽһĽҲòȥ
һ·ϣԣĳ˹ȵס
ɣĪҪӵ
̽ղҪøȥ޻ص³


44 
뷨һ· ½ӵʱ򣬽ԣЩ
˲һ·߽˿һ·˵ӣ ɫԲۣͷڣ ƮƮٲȻһѹӵģ
Զ࣬Щʳ
ϹźЦ⣬ ·һÿ͵ˡ
ϸ ܷЦǲ۵׵ġ
ԣ÷һ˶ˡ
սսӣ ҲĹȿֳ;ߣ ֱ
֪˴˴кιɣ˵һ˵ ģȻԹۡ
ղһǾھѾڼ֮£ ȻǴ̽Ҫܡ
ΨһҪȷıǻʵ۶ǰοص̬ȡ
̻ ԣиӦԷʽ
ԣ˵ʵ۽һǸǿصϻӣ һǼλǷ춯
һÿ֪ġ
ַӦ 䭱ˣ λղ ʲôҲ֪顣
һ 
ǰ檵˽ӡǮ ʹʮΪūӻ˲֤ݵǣ볯͢촦ãѵ˲Ϊ˶
⻰ԣƲסһ𾪡
ʵǰȥʱȫû°
ĵһӦĪǿΪ˶Ȩλءϸһ룬ݣ켸ʮʡ£ɿȴ˵ˡ
¹ٶԴ˲֪顣
ԣЩص
䭵
˵һǧһ򣬽˻ҲԸšô㴩Ϲٷղ̣ȥǵ󡣡
ԣֻ˹ٷŽȥĵʱ򣬱ڳĽҲѾˡ
ǰǸСӾٷ
ǰ֮񣬿˽֪˿ѡһֵš
ԣѡһ˶Ľֵ
ʮšղྲۺɫľƣԣŹٷм䣬๰İʮ
¡ص̣·ϵİǷ׷ױõֵߣǵĽȫۼ˽ԣϡ
ԣۣ
ղˣ϶Ƕصİɣ
͢Ҳ̫ˣü²죡Ҫǿô²֪ж˱Ƕ
ϣ͢ϽǰغСүǾͿѺǣҲЩǺüۿ
˵͢Ҳܻ￤ѺطأõĿᱻ
ǸңôΪЩգ˭ҽ￤ͷһӦ
ԣղҪôͿֱӰȥ

һ·һ·֮⣬вԩģȫǿظ濤檵ܵġ
ЩȻֱܺߡ
ǿеʱҲߣؽŲ䣬Ȼ֪ǿ檵ܵĶУ׷׹ؿһҪǿصԴĿ
絽磬ܹһʱ߹˿ǵֵһ·ĶİգЩһ·β棬һãȴ
߽ʱѾۼա
һ˫˫۾еעڵһ϶Ĵ𰸡
Ҳֶڸõˡ
ˣǵѾ鸸˵ˣҲ˲֤ݣǰοضѣ亦ѲҲۿģδãи˰ɣ
ԣʮ²ãҲδͷƤ顣
ǿȷʵΪһǸֱӿƽߡ
̽͸۵ģʲôȨÿأһʵ۸ţأԾûдÿص˼
ʶĨĨͷϵĺ飬һſĿİͰ͵ص
⡭⡭δãҪ¹ٻؾ²жۡ
ȴϷŹ
·ü£ӣ֤ݣҲ˽ȴ˴𸴣Ī̻Ƕ
ûɵĿ´
˵ʵǳ͢ɵղǰصͬðղӪǣ
ǶʱŭĿӡ
ԣһϽ
ᣡ¹ٰղ¹ٵѲ飬վͨ鶼ڴˣǼð֮ͽ
˵žͰ˵Щ֤ݵĶ
һһ󣬵
ӡͨиվӡϵ뻭Ҳ뱾һ£ȷʵղɡ
˵ţ˰Щչõǰչʾ
ԣݵõϿɣʱ˿
û꣬䭼
ղƷ¹ԱֱӴȨǰڴС֧ãǺԭ򣿡
Ŀɨһ飬ŶۻȻ
ĪǸʸûָʾ
ԣʱһ
ǰնǰغ֮ǣð֪ʵ۸ûдǿص˼ǻ̼ߡ
ãԺҲǼʵۼصģټϳзĸ£Իʵ۵ƢԶЩ˽⡣
ӵۻǺעģͱ¨ӣǰնԼӵԹߣȥֲ˺ùӳԡ
뵽˴ԣͷϵ亹ˣоˮ̲סֲ˲
ǡ
ʲôҲû˵ǿӣҲʶĲԾ
ص
ˣգ֧֧ᣬһΪ̻ǶأΪʹʥⲻ⣬ذѸʵָʾԭ֪ң
Ƿ׷׸ͣ
԰԰ʵ۵ô˵ģѵʲô˵Ĳɣ
͢ôò̻̰ٶɣ
ԣ༸ûʵļٻȴ¼ٴּ
ʵʵ˵Ǿʹ
Ϊ֮ʣ
˲˵Ǿͱֱˣˣղ
ԣķӦӦǲ֪ǿģӵҪ̻ǰءȻղ׿ڴݣǾͱȻּһĶ
Щһ㶼ղЯġҪǺܺòġ
һҪ齯ԣеĽ̰ε
ʮ˶ϰˣߵ̾ˡ
䭼״˿ţһƣͼ̳ǰͷʮˣеĹƴ׼վõղ
ԾԵѹԼ׼ǵĹƶʱͰȥһȥ˽ԣһ÷ľӡ
ԣʱˣ
£ԣǿҪȻΥµּ𣿡
в΢΢һ٣

ðɡˣǰشҪʵ׸λкյĿ˺ε
˵꣬ǰŵ˹˺ֳնʱ˼ֽš
ûãǰؾʹӸôα
䭼ûĥҲûԣ˺֮ǰû仯
Ȼûٷͷİһ۾ϳжʱ˳ޡ
䭣ǿҲһ޲Ҫӡ
צָָǰĽԣ
ղˣרŴѲӵģ˵ּҪ㣬ȥ򿪰ɡ
ǰؿ˿ǰгֵĽղ̶ӣǵ۾ﱬ⡣
һǷӡӣϲ
ּңˣˣ
˵ţȲشǷӡӡ
Ȼûüͷݣͱһᣬˡ
ң
ǰضʱ˹Ҫʱס
΢ЦŶԽԣ
ˣӡǰԿɲ㱾ּ
ԣ
䭲ѾԭصղóĶ
һۡдǷ⡣
һǻʵ۵ױţдţ
䣬С価ְأ֮𡣡
ǰر⡣
ǿصıְڼ˭Ȼû˵ȴԶ
̶̵һ֣ƽ޲ϵ΢ЦȴʧӰ٣һƺܴģֽҲ
Ǳסǰοأ״ʶԼĻᡣ
ƴһʱǯƣѸٵضеϻţǿϵݣ㶣ֿϻۣƤϵѾġ
ʱЦ
Σ˵ң˵ң
Աµױţ㻹ʲô˵
һѾˣֳղǱȫûпĻӪֻҪܽűºղ½ձӡ
ǰ䣬˫һţзһϵؿһԵ
ױڴˣ֮𣡶Ȼٽı͢٣ҵ£
ڳûһ˶
ǰһۣĹأ
ôҪղ˵濹


45 
ǰղʵױž ͼȨ̬İǸӷŭ̴
ʲôʵۣ Ȼ̰ٶ
ֱǰյ˰·ü²˵Ͳ˵ˣ Ѿ֤ݣӶ˵⹷٣ ǣ
ʵۣ ǿһ֮ѣ
ӵӿ֤̬һƣǵնǰصĳޱ˲䷢ͳ˶Լӵ۵ʧŭʹޡ
ŭʵۣ ԣŴӸղŵľлع
ôҲû뵽 ӵ۵ﾹȻдּ⡣
ѹҪλ⿤ء
ԭѾ֪⿤ǵΪ ȴںղ
һʱ䣬 ֱˡ
֤ȥˣ 亦ʵȴѡֿ֧Ϊ
ڰáʱݺȴվŭ
⹷٣ кգǧҲƽߣʲôʸִǣ
˵ţ 
ֵǣ ǣ Ը⹷ټ̤Ⱥ𣿡
̴Ӧ
Ը⣡
Ҳź
Ը⣡Ը⣡
󵨣С䣬 ˵˴治ĻǰŭĿԲɺ
ѾЩҡ
ȫһ
ԭΪ ûпӪֻֻҪշֻ־ܡ
ôҲû뵽ղǰлʵ۵ױţЩȻʹ
ۿһģ˫ϥأ
⹷ٺգեȡ֬࣬ĥѹ꣡ǰվԭ뿤ɱ٣Ŀ
Ҳź
뿤ɱ٣Ŀ
һʱ䣬һģ˵ϣϡ
ǰҲŵס˺
ԹڣѹƲסĸɱƷĳ͢
䭿żߵİǣ΢΢̧ʾ˰Ȼһʹ
˵ӲԸ֤ɽȴִҪ̰ٶʵʧ£ӵȻҪȷΪТ
˵ţɫһ࣬
λʿڷģֻҪһգ̰ٶȣ
⻰ԣǰس׻ˣ
ҪΥʥ𣿡
䭴Ȼ
Ϊ˰գΥʥΣʹʽҲҪնΪǱ𣡡
⻰жѣ䭵Ŀڿ
ˣǰؼ䵳նף
ȥ
Ǵ
Ӣ
Ӣ
һʱ졣
ܿ죬صСүԼʦү˶
ۿ̬չǰŵȶˡ
ʶԻʵ۲η֮ģĿܻɱ£ġ
ղ˾ң
æŽԣȡ
뵽Լְ𣬽ԣæǰ
ɰΪȨ˽նɱ͢٣
ɲҪɱĵһ͢٣µѾûʲôù˼ɵġ
˷УɷǧҲΪʼȻԸĿɱ
˵ţһٽ
λʿȲԸΪ̰ƴһҪ棬򣬵ֱۣ飡
˵꣬һ֣ղ˵ŵĹǰٴùƴ׼˸ʿ
ǰ޹ʣһ·Ҳ֪⿤ضȷʵοΪƴ
»ʵҪ֣ҲôˣڣʹܷҲڶ
һ˱ʶʱغһ
˶дͬ۶ˣЩԥȻҲûʲôˡ
нһԣľ֧
ǰؾط֣ټĸãڳûһ˿Ա
ǡѩ棬ŵûɢ
ˣֻҪٵʱ򣬲֪£ǰǡ
ʲôϣӣȨԹҪ
ͨһڵأ
¹֪ˣ
һ߿ͷһ߼ش޺
ңӽ¹һΪЧðȨѹհ
ͷĵ൱
ⲻǴѣ֪֪ЩˣҲܸ
ն
䭹
̵ǣԥؾ𵶣ǰοصͷ­
ͬʱնɱģСʦүˡ
׷⿤أԣŵ˫һֱӵڵء
ȴܲѣǼͷ­շ׷ֽкãϲֻôñ
¹
ǾԶĶ£ӽΨհ
Ӧ
Ψհ
Ƿĵˡ
֮в֪ˣζͨ˽뻤ӪȥЧء
ܾ꣬ϹٿѹեԲůҪʱܹٸǲȥɻ˿಻ԡ
ֻпԺӣǲŻˡ
Եúôúãľãû˸̤ǡ
ǵ˲׷棬ѵǻҪ׷δܹĻʵ
ܵĶҲһߺ
Ψհ
ȵɢȥʱЩȻĳȣ˴Ÿղŵ顣
ʹ찡ʵۿסʲôϵأп
ԣпӻĸ̰ǵؽ
ҲܣԺ͢ʲôҶֻϿ
⻰˵ã£˭ֻϿ
԰ǿɲʲôʵ϶ֻ֪ǿƽ˷˻ɱ˿۸˰ôҹ˰ȵĺӣ˭ֻϿأ
ǻʵ϶ͿһģѹͲǵҲֻпǵײյļϣԺҪٸɹǹ￤ǾֱӰЩ˸ϳȥ˭ҲܶҡǵͳΣ
ԣҪǻʵ۸ҽ￤ͷһվƴ
ҿǻʵ۾ϺͿˣ֪¶亦λǿÿƹ£ǿҲǻʳӣ˳

ŰǽԶȥԣ˿ʶһ¡
Ǵ꣬ġ
һϷΪڰǰ¶ӵ۵Ļӹȫճ׶ԻʵʧʹޣӶ׵׵ص
ȻϷЧ׿κ˿ԶҡǵͳΡ
λʳӼȻղʹǰĿŵȻûǻŻȥġ
ĸôŸ֨һϣŵǼ׷ʬ壬ԣɫҰס
㡭Ҫʲôҵȿʹߣ
λ֥׿ĻʳУ˿ɱ˲գ۵Ķ
ȻλʳȴǺһЦ
˲˺£ֻλʿԸڱ¡ȱ֮ˣ£ضǣ
µĵ̹ˣȷʵȱˡԣģ˵ûٴ飬ȴһͨɷʶҲࡣټҲ䭻ͦ뽫£µġ
ԣףԭҪշǡ
ҲֱɱǺòȥ
ԣǿſ־壬һ겻ش
룡ڳ͢ڱ£ҳͶƳ
˵ĻտǺѻ߳⸮ˡ
ϾҪܣֲֻɱô
ڿܱͶҪãıֻһˣǣھеļˡ
˵ţֹĶĽ
ʿǣھеļˣɽҳӣ
⻰ǰγ˵ϵ𽥼ȴ׳ȻѾƴһս뷨
˭֪һˣԼʱǧӪѻʯ
˭ҲӲȥ
е״Ҳ׷׾˹
ս֮ʱȴˡ
ǱǲܣǻмھУΪЧˣֻɱǲˡ
ԣŵһŴӾ֮֯ԣ
㡭㲻ɱǣ
䭵
ûɱ޹İáҲˣм˵ǻȥ
ԣǰ˽һ
̲סۿŵҲ˾
ǰмھеǻȥǶƽȥˣ
ԣȲţ
ɡ㲻ɱǣ֮ͻᴫ¶С
λʳӸֶȻ绪
֮£δ񣬷·Ԯ񣬱ڽΪһڱɱôˡ
˵űһ֣߰ɣ뿪ǻؾȥ
ƺ޾ǻؾ״ʵ۽
ǿݣʵػ˲Ҫ۷
л
ԣһҾȻŽ̶߳˸ôš
񾭣ҹ̣ġ߳͡ǵؽ硣
ŲԶȥԣǶݺݵ˿
ʱţĿϷŹǡ
һŵǧ˵ŹǾķŹǣ
ʵ֮һȻˡ
Ĵ֮磬Ӳ޹֮ˡĳδ˭ȴķ
ЩǸ棬ǹòڿЧʵҲܺãֻϧ
˭˵أֻϣ²Ҫڽɡ
Žʿٺĸָпʱ˿̣ԣףΪǵգô쳼λӡ
Ϊȷʵֵá
һλʵӢ
*
ؿղʹ뿪żǲ⣬˶£̱㼱ص
ľ뿪𣿡
䭵ͷ
Ȼ
Щʱж̣һļ֮£ûд̽غֵϢŻȥҲӰʲô
һ½
üչӣ䭰
ģʲήڱűʱҲˣȡ֮£
ᾭһʣʱˡ
԰ȡ֮¡
ԭ֮Σҹ̶ºԭһŲ֮գɿɡ
Ųߣֻſſ߱ˣ
һɵ뿪г飬׸ֳء
ӵ۲ʲô롣̫ƽӵҼɵĸðգοľơ
ľάֶã˭Ҳ֪
һУ׳ͬʱҲڲϼŭӵۡ
һӵڳľԶԸ
浽ʱ˭Ҳܱ֤ӵۻٱвǣơܰϣڼӵ۵һ֮䡣
Ϊ֮ƣҪеҶïܲ籩ꡣ


46 
˵Ҫб ԭǱҲЩʱա
뿪һ£ҲҪԹʵġ
ղ ޽սͣ졣
磬 ȥһӪ˽ϵսģϳԱѵɹ
ͨ½б ǿפԱǧˡ
Ӫ֮У ǲѺղ飬ѲռˣӪеֻһǧˡ
䭵Ҫǣ Ϲ Ӫʿ֮һѸټϡ
Ҫ ұ봩ףúñ ս ÿӶҪж롣
վУĸ̨ϵţ߷żʱɳ©
վᣬʱض·ʿǡ
֪ĿУΪڴ ȴֵʱ©ڿǰ Ժܽš
ƽյϸѵ˼õЧ
½쿤ʱʱ飬 ʿǵļٶȻܿ졣
ɳ©û֮һ ѾжУ֮С
ЩǵͶûɾ ͷ ڸͦأվ룬Ϳûκ©
һ˫Ŀɨµʿǣÿ˿״룬Ҳú˵ģ嶼ͦ׳ʵһʼɼʳȷʵûѵҲǰҪġ
˻޹ģʿǵı
ЩʿµҲǾµѵģ±ɣעнֹעرȣľȻҲԴ˽ϸҪ
ˣʹµ±ҲѾر
״ϵ𽥷ɡɵԼżʱʿǵͱЩˡ
޹ĻӶڼȻڱĿ˻ڼ
״ɫЩãŭȵ
ʲôо񣡾ǵɽҲĵ󣬲ңάͲΨһ·
ò˵һǳ⻹ãʿǻػָ򶨣ЩʸûнͷģмʸţҲٴˡ
ûã䭽ˣʿǱȥԷŵش
ӣҲûٹֻ
ǿѵȥһԭúѧϰһ¡
ĲûȫһֱţĳЩ滹ǷȱҪ©ȱ
ؼǣЩûоʵսѵӪվǲЩ
ֻɽ˶ӪʱˣҲҲʵĶֻ֣ܸãʱȰʵսϰѵС
룬ַԸ
һαȡԱһǧ塣
ȱǮȱȱǱ
²ǻӪĴ䶼ۣǶڵѾûôų⣬ҪбѶȴ󽵵͡
ѵ˵䱾ûô£ֻҪ룬ٲ©ȱһЩһĥ
⻰ʱͷһƹܵıԱ뿤Ӫˡ
ǣ
ϲӣȻҲҪô򼸾䣬ص
˶ˣѵȴǲܷɣͷһСӻӪЭѵҪҪʣ𣿡
ͷһ飬˲ʶⲻȨ󣬸αøˡǴﲻҪξλÿɲһȡ
˲żüã֮Уͼ˷һǨٶȣҲí˾һڿǰ֣һɻڴĻء
ܻȡ˶ǣó۵ĳɼС
ģ±ضȫԸΪѵһ֧
֣ص
䭼ɫ仯֪ôЧȥæµ
Լٴλ˿
ǰҴҴӺԭϻأֻüղʹȴδڸúú˵˵
ͨˣ߹ʹڶŴˡ
磬ͷ˷û
䭵ûü
ҲͻûһæͷʳСﲻ𱸵ȻתͷԸˣѷ˰ڵԺҸһԡ
һֱſļңСڿǺͷġ
䭼ûôܹ񣬵һӦʳסкͿڿ񣬶߹ŵþ
ΪЩ£ûٷѹȻЩͷȴһձһտ㣬͸䡣
ԼҪ߶ѲӲҵҲˣǵʱ԰θһأСҲЩŮԲԪ
ϰŵģ䭰ԵĲˣ߹ʳСԺ󣬾Цеؿԡ
䭵
ûн飬ӦǶ졣
߹۾һϲˣô
Ȼġ
䭸һ϶ĻشС̾ЦСС
Ӳ͵СһҲԹԺ;ţһ˶ڿ
ҲԿóܿġ
䭲ЩΣǶ⺢Щ顣
ֻľƣҲȷʵû취һ̫ͣãҲһС߶ܡ
ķŵ
ȾȶЩȥԭס
߹óֳ벹ٸκ鷳ֻԼΪֳĴҵһ
еĶҡмص
Ҳÿ߲ߵÿǿкЩҪæ
˵ţһҪ£
ˣм»Ŵ綨ᣬٲҲҪ˸ŵġ
˵
߹
ǰ粻սɻĶôѾոˡǰ˵Ҫϴ˿ҲƸڴˣȫϽׯ̯ţܹ˺üʮռط·ùɵø⾡紦ˡ
֪ԼҴô˵Ҫʲô
䭵ĿģȻΪǡ
ǹҵΪԭҲԸΪȴ֪ҩ߲˵ˣҲǼõԭϡ
ȻԺʱ˵һζȴζЩ죬Ҳһʱⷽ롣
ʵϣȷʵǼõԭϣںİǲҵмռСڽɽ
ڵˣһǣϸİҲֻҪһ
ƷֲˣûôߣҪٽһ롣
ʹˣƶ񤣬ʳѻýϸ߲˵ҲǼ仮ġ
ʹ߹ν̽ԵֲÿĶزҲߴһǧ1
һǧˣӹҲԳʮǡ
мۣ20һ200һӦ
һĶصľòհ㣬13-14ǮۺѾǵ6ǮһۣҲС
ÿĶصСһ
֮⣬˵ҶӿΪĲϣեǺʣ˿ҲΪľϡ
˵ֻҪǹǵľã㽫ӭһԾԵķչǵˮƽҲõ
ʱ򣬲İǿ֣֣ǸߵɳУҲӵһȫµ֧ҵ
л˵
1ϣ˵Ķ൱ˣִúʩʲҾϸĶܴﵽ9000-10000Ҳ3000ﵽ5000ĶŴֲ󣬱趨ΪĶһǧ


47 
ھǲӣ 򽳻ʱ䭾ѾҪڱֲչǲҵ
ˣ ƿǺڴͬʱ Ҳùܿʼ޽
ǣǰ̵֪ģҪе Ҳܻţ ȻùǸҪȥоϵĸĽ
ǰѾ޽ˡ
˽Ѿкõ˿͵໹ûϴˣ Ҳȫ˵˸ ׼ǡ
߹Ȼ
ѹǴӾǴ ǵĽ
Ǽ˵ҪøΪԭϣĲʵ̫Զ ûԭϣ ʱǶˡ
ڶһ磬Ѿкõ˿Լׯϸ˵ŮūͣĸרǵĽ ȫһ͵ڡ
䭵ҪռʮĶô Ϊ˵ĵؽѣ ųƷǵĲֿ⣬ Լӹ
 кüʮڹ Լʮ󣬽ᾧ豸
䭽˾ۼһ
ǣǽǷԶ˹ı꣬ڹ˷ȣģᣬ빤׸Ч棬ÿ˷µ
⻰˶ϲѡ
ǰֻǿµȵĴʹūͣõҲ͵ȵĴÿֻĵ
˵Ĵ͵һԭĻϷ࣬ееȱͬˣɵҪÿ컹ҪѵԶûôΣա
βϲ
棬䭽ű˰ƣɱĿɨÿһˣ
˷ı꣬ҪϸձҪǣñܹκй¶еǹգ̣䷽򡪡ʮȫҳΪʮ꣡
һϣ´կľһµģнر
ҪԼصȷչԼϸǱġ
ǷйֻʮȫҳΪʮ꣬ȴǱնףȫҿ۶ʮꡣ
ΪйܴĸӰһǷйܣʧȥƣһйܣȴҪÿսиʮϰٱ
ʮˣδʮϰˣһûκҪԥѡ⡣
˶Щס䭼ǽ
᲻ԲƱɫǰǣһϵſǵӲǱľӲҪΪֻ˵˵ѣŵĴȥ´կͻӪˣж˵ڱԴ
ִİ취»ġ
ΪǵҩһȻ죬һйܣĻƽȻ޴棬Ա뽫ܹ¡
䷽ֻһ֪⣬»һʩ
αװɱֻ߳͢ˣвֱֲõĹˣǸɽֻ̽Ҫ˵صϢɻý鱦ŮǵԼӹٽ
ʧܣ̷
֮˿ܲõշʽϣ漰׵ľгԱڱ̽Χڡ
һزסܣᱻץնףԴɱӺ
ȻĿɼΣͨ˿飬ͷջǿڵˣҲõʹ͡
Ȼǰȷʵɱʮڷ粻ϵˡ
״ԭսʹ˻ҩûãץǰǴʽ׵ıּȫԴʿ빤ǵļ١
ʿˣֲ˭̽Ϣļ˭ǿ̽ǵģֻҪһֱӼ١
ʮѪܵĽѵǰ¶Է˵ĺôˣҲðա
⻰Ƿǣ֪Է飬׵ʧ׷¶ģԺ󲻹˭ʣǶҪս͡
翵ĺôȻǻţӵһݱĺùȽҪ
ɫ࣬ѾԼĻȥ䭱㽫ǵĽеǰԸ
˶ģ˸˽ǣڵйʲô飬Ҳ߹ЧʣƷʣͣ
ǣ
һ´Ľסڿǰһ̵
֪ǺɷС˵ȿ
˰һ˿
´ǰһ˿һڣϸϸƷζȻ
˵Щ΢ȴһɹζҲζС˽飬ûиᣬСǣ˵۸Ҫ࣬ζҲǣȴɾ͵ȡġ
֪ŪҲԷĻԣ˰֣
˰ǵİ취֮һλأ1ףţ˿ɰ˪ǣɫףζʣζĿǰֻҪѿغÿһ輴ɣĽ֮£ѭ򽥽
´ʱȥ
˰ǵգΪϴ˿֭ѹեӻңˣ󣬽ᾧۣʮһ裬ʱʮ죬󽫻˿࣬Ʒȸ᰾ǣҪӺܶࡣ
ÿһעֱӹϵǵƷʡ
䭽ΪΣǰͷϴ˿û̫һ˸𣬺ͷľŸ裬֭ѹեΪһΣӻңΪһΣ󣬽ᾧΪһΣۣΪһΣֱĸоĽ
ǱֻҪסԼĹҪ죬Լʹ÷Ҽල๤ִеλˡ
һγ©Ҳ׷
˸ѲؿԽ棬ʱ仹ܳҪŽȫ
깤̣䭱Щкõ˿з飬רʶֵС̫࣬רŸ¼ල
Щ䭱ȥһ´կ쿴ҩĽ
կͷǰû仯һ̷ȥ֪ͨ»ˡ
䭲߽ûãͿ첽˳
һü
ǰֺ̫ݣһ첲ɴڲϣˡ
£
ҾУֻʾ⡣
ô£
»¶ɫͨڵ
ˡūŲū˲Ӱµġ
԰ʵ
ö˶˵ģʲôô˵ģ
»ͷ
ըġ
ūΪ죬ȴûϸصƶİȫ淶ʵǲ·ģǴֻūһˣû˼ˣ
ߵһС̫
£ƽԷеİȫһֱĵģÿ춼ҪȥѲüΡ֮ǰһֱ鲻ʵĻҩճϼ̫ļˣŻذȫ淶ûȵȫʱȥ쿴ף˭֪ãǷճϵĻҩͻȻըˣ֡
Ϊ˲оͲһֱϱ
ҴΣ䭳ʡ
С̫ըָ첲Ҳˡ
»ٴι£
£ūŲӹٽҲʹֻͣܰ¼ƿؾ³ȫ
͢й涨м߲Ϊ١
ΪҪ˾һмΪܸˣʵʧ档
ΪҪ³©ҽˣ±ã˵µĴ¡
üͷ忴һȻݺݵԴ˸ӡ
ⱬӻͦʹģ»õֻŶͷЩĪЩί
¡
ԴˮѵǱصˣΪ˲˾Ͳ㣿ôص˾Ȼϱú첲ˣ
ǳĻȴĹġ
»ж棬һ߲һߵ
ūˣ
䭰ַԸȥѳõҽ֡
»Ľᣬһ㶼Լƣ˸߲ҵص
£һϢҪ㱨ҵʵճϼˣ첻׳ףճ㹻ȴӰҩɱܵͣ
䭶ʱתע
Ǻ
»˫۷⣬ߵ
ơ
ʱһֵͶƣҪĳɷֱǷ֣ۣˮƾ
ۣҪͺܶ࣬Ҹױָ࣬ճҪǿܶ࣬Ϊоƾں濾ʱˮ֣ûл޵ȷʵǷǳһճϼ
гƷ
У֮ǰĻʣʮ
Ȳص
úϢȴ㿴ˡȥԣ
ҩĿʵ̫Ҫˡ
˿ҩ׵ȻսʹҲ㡣
ңʹûľʱըţʱ齨ľֶˡ
ǲǣ
ǣ»ֻؿԼҵ²ûһ˳شȥɽµˡ
л˵
1ڹŴָһָңԶŷ޹ҡ


48 
»صʽҩ 䭶ҩĸ¼ѾΪ⡣
Թ󣬷»صĹȻǱ޶¡
ǲҪʹǰҡΣұը»ϵķĩҩƽ ȫ˵ķֲЧӦΨһȱݣȼٶȱһ롣
״Ļҩ ڲṹΪʵȳֻϵķĩ״ȼٶȻһЩ
ϸ˼һ 䭾ûбҪһͩ͡
һϣ Ӱճ϶Ƚʵȣȼƣɺ ڱһͩͣ кɡ
ˣ ӦǼȼãֲӰճǿȵġ
Ȼ ֻ룬 вУÿĳƷ
󣬽ͩ͵ĻҩãصؽֻҩѷڵϽеȼ۲ ȷʵϣͰٺɵĻҩ ֻƵ֣ ȼٶҪܶ࣬ Ǽ㼴ȼ
Ǳװ׵ µĻҩըٶҲһ룬 ֻƵĲ
̶ȷ棬ΪֻڱͩͣҲδʹûҩĿɢΪ·;ɢ
ˣĿҩ䷽ȫˣ
ײʹõıԶѾ˼¡
͸ˡ
ǹе죬Ӧֵ顣
Ϊһֱڸǹеṹߴ磬ԭ
ǵĵҩˮƽܿͻһʽݷǹƸ壬ÿλߴ续Ȼ»
øǱߣͣеĹٶΪͷĶ
ϾʵвģǰûװĳƷΪĳЩʹҲδ֪һһߵܱдģ׼Ĺ淶
»ͷ״ͼЩ⣺
£Ǻ
óϲɷ
Ǳ׻õ
ȻͶʯͶЩԣͶͶ뻹̫ˡ
㵼ʹõʱԺǿˣҲιõĶ͵Ϯս
»⻰ȴ˼Ѫһ
һ㶼䭵Ļ˵׸ǾͿ϶׸á
׵Ѿ޵ˣ׻õǵǺεȾˡ
ؽԽ绢ʱµɾͲֹǣԭԭˣ
ū̾ȥ
˳ȥ֯ݷǹ
ýģֻȥˣһŻпУһãһ棬Ҳһǵľ
»棬˵ҪĶѾˡ
ٴλص´կѾذһ
װǹе۾̶һӣ㽫װϡ
ǴʱǱȽϾĵģûгκγߴ粻ϵ
һݷǹǰ޳šǡС糧ȲλɫǹˣǹеȲλһĥ⻬ľͷɫԭľɫ䣬˲ĳƷ
⵹ñǹеߵ˼ְȤ
ֻǣϸĦһ΢΢üͷ
ûҩҩ뼸˫ţƤ
£ʲôԣ
»еʵ
ҡҡͷûд𻰣ֻðշԸȥ׼
»ܿ콫ҪĶˣ⣬˼ľͷӣվһ׶⣬Ȼʿ£ֻ»һˡ
ȴݷǹ˵ĻҩظӣѾװõҩУϸӡ
ȻǹѴҩǹܣͨ嵽׷ΣȻϼţƤףƽǹ۶
ǹڲʯ໥ײβð棬ֻصһ죬ǹܵĻҩ˳ȥһٶľ׮ľɡ
»Ϊ̾
£ˣôȻܴôԶĶҪǸˣƤԴǿ̻ҪԶЩȴ
ΪרƵĻʽݷǹ˷ݷǹ̶̵ƣЧһʮϣҪ󾫶ȣԴﵽİס
»һ۾ͿⶫԽ֮
ЧԱǿҪԳһЩؼǿһҪֵı쳣ǿҪȫܱ֤һٶ׵мǿĴ͸ܶмЧɱˡ
ѵصǿ׳֣ʹǿʱ෢ʮֱ۱ȴɾʹȥˡ
ǻٴξʹٴΡ
ǿҲһĹ͸Ȳˡ
νһ糤һǿⶫõսϣȻҡ
ңҩɱ칭ʡǮʡʱ̫࣡
뵽˴»İ۾⣬޲Ͼ
ȴ˿ûϲɫֻһһεؽ
»ԣֻԱ߿š
֪˶ãҲ䭷˼ΣͻȻһ죬ϵͻȻը
£
»ŵȥȻ΢΢üϵļѾըõţƤӵ
ʹôףֻֻ˵ˣĶѪ
¡֣
»ּˣԼӳʲô⡣
治ɫǰܹ˶ȥˣʹǿ
õģзֻһƤˡ
»⻰ֵ֪̲ס𱸵
Ȼ֪ˣΪβԣƫҪգҪиʲôôǺã
˵˵ţõֻĨᡣ
䭼һ˾ȻЩ־еЦ
ԤϣȻ֪ηƱԶֹˡ˱ˣһƤˣͺˡ
»ȴţϽȥ򣬵ȴȷֻƤˣϴ˿ڣҩƽȴ̲סǿ
£Ժٲգ
䭵ͷңֻ»˵
ⶫݷǹ㿴ˣ칤⣬ԲŻղըšñԣֻǲνҲйܣھֻš
һʼûǹʲôģ΢һ㷢ǹһνӵķ죬ȻѾĥúƽȴܸоеĲͬ
ʱʶǹȻըš
ûԣʹõʱҲû׼ΪɸصˣʿԺǹ־ʹá
»ҪԼ£Ҳپ䭸ղŵգң˵ҲȷʵһҪ¡
ϸָʾūźýйǸ
ȴҡҡͷ
ĿǰҲûʲôð취
ұ⣬ר
ǰ˵и뵽˿ɸƿҩİ취
ǡūѾ͹ˡ
ǰҩʱһʼִֻ꣬ЧʵͲ˵СҲͳһиⷨӣ̱㱻»ˡ
뵽˵ҪڴµĹʱǹʮǮ
ȴ
йټҪ͡
»ԣȴˡ
¹ʱй㱻ۼվ̨ǰ
ټˣҪνһˣһЩ
˲ԣ㿴ңҿ㣬ſȴ⽻̸
䭼
ɣǰ
λзɵĹС̨ǰҪȴˡ
䭳ߵ˵ͷȥƬ̣㱧һǮ
Ŷ˵
Ѿ˵ˣɸƻҩķӣҩٶȣԷй׺ܴˣؼνǮһٹᡣ
˻֣ױ㽫һǮݵ˷
콵ƣ˶ɵˡ
µٴСȴĽÿˮҪˡ
ǵλߵĴ󽳣һҲֻǮĹǮ󽳣ÿֻһ
䭽˵ɫ۵ף
ڶԣĽЧʣ˼⣬ͣ
˵ţ˼½佱ʮᣬһᡣ
һ֣ݺݵش̨̼ˡ
һ֮ңһ굽ͷֵأ˰ٳӣԼҽãܴ¸ᡣǻǷ˳ԼмĶأȫ¡
һᣬô漸ǧꡣ
⣬ֻҪһµӣ
òһᣬø͵εʮᣬԸߵεİٹᣬҲ㹻ԣعЩˣ
˼ģ䭵һ͵ļ⡪
һھһ磬ȲڶʮԲܣһͣȲʮ֮һ磬⻬Ҹ²Σػѡ
պϸ̽һᡣʹδܹȫ⣬ܴɲ֣Ҳܽһٹᵽǧ᲻ȵĽ
ǵڤ˼
ôĹӣֺϸ⻬һͣ
ǰҹôô²Σػѣ
̫ˣ
ֵһ᣿
ԣһᣬҲ
һţ˵Ĵǰδеظ
֮ԻؽͣΪ飬Ѿʶݷǹڡ
ұĳƷըʻߴٷְ١
һΪұļ꣬ʺʽϴ࣬ǹܾ˲ºױΣӰ쵯ҩ˳Ƴըš
һ棬ΪĿǰ޷һ廯ǹܡΪ˱֤ǹڲܴĥƽǹֻܺ׵һֳ죬Ƚڲĥƽٺһ
⼸ԭ˵ÿһ֧ǹȻըţֻʹôٵ⡣
ǹը˵ıʿָƣ׼ݷǹըŵʱըǵ۾ըԴ˼
ǶǻѪ׷ʿÿһ˶ǻˣ޶Сֵܽڵǻȥ
֪ըôߣִǵָ۾ȥΪ׼
ԣ򲻵Ƴֲ
Ϊȫǹù⣺
һұȣܱ֤²Ρ
ڶǣβܴһ廯Ǻӵǹܡ
⣬ܽһһ棬ܻøߴǧĽ
ھڲ⣬Ҳǣԭԭһ̼֣ȥ̵ʱҲһ
֮±·ֻܽ⽻ǵǻۡ


49 
Ǵ˼գ ԭûо鴫
䭲ģ˿ӱȥһ˺ԭѯ֪Ǳߺ̫ƽ æ鼳һֱԺԭߵİ̹죬 Լ߱ռĺ꿤˼ӣûκα춯ļ
ȻˣǱֻĵ
ˣ ҲûŻȥ ֻԭס
ʱˣ˴˻ȥЭͬؾһ Щ²ıʿ
æ ûôּӹ̳ǽ Щַ²ôЩ죬ÿ춼ֻܺȵ࣬ Ҳʲôˣ Խ˸ϵȥӹ̷ߡ
Ͼԭ߾Ǳռĺ꣬мһֽһĸԭСβͣһߵúס ־ռݣЩ鷳
פһʼ˵ġ
Ȼȶ 㲻ѷºȥ·޺ã Ҳ
Щֱǿ׳ ¶˺Щ죬 Ҳͦõʹã ˷ǵ档
һʱúԭԶһķ羰ߡ
ǧƵı׳Ӻ͵ţ̧ʯͷȻ·Ļ
ĥˣûԱıֱﰾסʱලʿǱź
˵£ԭնȥ
һʼΪҪȥȴȰ
˵ˣһ֮ǱǣЩֱҴôĿѣ͸Ǻúøܴʹ࣬
⻰ٿЩֱڣһȦ۵ĻҪʱӣ˼ֽ
ɱȷʵû˼һȥЩʲô֪ˣǻĥ
þˣҲ׳ˡ
ֱʵҲûʲô˲ôˣץˣΪһڷʵʵɿӴһĿ޺ġ
ͬԭˣıɱֱҲɱ
ûãǾʿǳаգԱֱĿ־嶼˹ȵס
Щַ²ǣȻǱܼ尾Ψһ֧ǵϣǵʱӳȥţܺܿ췢ԭȳˡ
ʵεպԭȷʵбӳȥˣһ١
գԭǱپռ죬ؾȫϢҹʱڶ౱˱ʲô˲ãһѷߵĳܡ
˭֪ʱ򱱱ߵĳҲռˣسǵĹپȴ˻ȫɷǳǣɱۡ
ڼʮ𷴿ı˱ɱֻ踺أȫ޳رϳȥ
Ͼ£סʲôҪ
Ȼӳȥģȥİ̹챨ţʿԼĲ
ʮʱ䣬ϰԭ֮ϣ񱾸ūĴڣȻɱôʿǵȫ˵ѪҲܴ衣
Ȼãʵȴޱ
Ϊʱ̷ڳϵģֻҪݳԵòˣһţȺһϣǨ㵽طȥˡ
ʧȥƥҲûʳããԭϣ·ֻܿһ˫ȣҰҲֻܼʯͷ֦֮ºܿʧ˷
ڵعϡĲԭϣҪ˱ʵǺܼѡ
㻨ʮʱ䣬ԲԭϵҰҰΪ׽ֻĴѰҵ̹˱š
Ϣһϴȴݵ̨ͥʱѾǺԭǱռʮˡ
յϢĲֻǱֺбֳе塣
ԭԭȻһֱģʵǿļ壬з֧Աںԭ
ǰԭһ̣ǵܶҡģûй㷺˶˵ԭʮͻȻ
˳̣ȴͻȻܵ˲ңʨ⵽ӵƣס
󺹣αЩԭһصĽѵ֪ǲսʤģ
ԣرغԭܰԭҲռ£ɱǳˣЩúüסǵ³
ûǣѪծѪ⻹սߣЩԭͷƵֱӿͶ
ֺŴľߵӣĿɫȴƽ
صĶ֮һĹ
ôģ
Ҳһս⣺
Ϊ˴γΪغԭ
ֺʧѣĿѲһȦȺһֱûôڵһϡ
˵أ
ԭūĶӣȴǴСıȺսҲƴɱҰ֮У
һűһ㱱˸㾫µҲһ㱱ʿҪ΢һЩԼΪ˿˵Ĳôһӡ
׵һվ˳
ظӲͬʱԭ
Ŵľ˿
Ŷ˵˵

ݶ֪͸֮ںԭԭҰܣΪЩٱжͣΪһֽ׵ɱ޴ҷʿҷδ֮ǰֻܰװʧ֡
ָı
Сҿǳ־Լ磡ʲôף˵ô£С㲻Ŵ͵Ϯ弸̤ƽԭǣ
˵ûԵǿӲȴҲû͸ı˼
ĸ˽ʲôо죬ᵼ´ΧзɳһöͶԲʮڵ޷ˣʿں޻֮
ԭ˱óسǣд֣ԭҪ£
⻰ڳ౱ֹΪ֮һࡣ
׵˿£
˵ͷ
ԭսܺ˵ԭפ֮ʹ͸ҲʹԭսĽʿ˰˵ǡ
ԭһս󣬽ĽʿҲҹҹجΣ޶־˵ȹܱλӣ
Ŵľһ񣬶˵
ԭоϻ֪֪˰սʤһϣҪúѧѧΪ޵УԭҲռŹɽǧ꣬˶ֵشﲩµı֣λܶĶֵģ
ΪԼղ֪ĻǺкݺݵؼһʡ
ڶ౱ֹ壬ִڲԭϺ绽꣬Ҳɵӡ
ı֪Ӯ˭Ըƾļʵ
ˣṥԭĻˣЩɵ
󺹣˿ɲһߵĽʿǣǺΣգ
⻰һ˶Ĳѡ
վ
λ岮ģһδִ֪˱Ǿͷǵ͢ĹϵӦὫ׸͢
ŷ
Ͼᣬδ˱£ʱЩģ
Ǹɱʿѵô𣿡
Ŵľɸֵؿɷ߷߲ƽĶһۣ
һʲôƶһߣӣֱȡǣǴĻʵ۲Ǵã
ЩͷʵۣδصնɱڳǺ֡
뵽ʮǰֱϱٳ£ʵΪƽϢսˣڶֱָնɱһλƽϢ岿˵ŭ𣬹еǹŭȥ
ӱʮ겻ȷʵӦһꡣ
Ҳṥԭһ¡
ϾҶɵܷŴļȥƫҪȥײʯͷ
ԭΪ˳䲻⣬ѾʧȥЧȻҲûٴıҪ
Ѿʧıĵ֧Ԯһߣ


50 
Ƿι
ι ԭߵһӣԭ󣬴ͷСˡ
ԭ һӻȥֻԭʱҪѡȵӣ üĿ㣬Ҳ飬ʹˡ
ΪϽ ԼѧЩ֣ ԭ󣬱ϾŸϵĹ¶ϰ֣ д㡣
Ҫ˰æǷ ʶĶ֣ ָ߶꣬һСǵģ Ƚο ȥǷĹ¡
ǷǱ˽չ
Ȼһϲص
 ָ㣬һαɹˣ ٽˣ ˰˽˪ǣ ʮǣ ޱȣ ζ
˵ţ״Сӣ鿴
䭴һӣͷһɫܰ׵ְǣûñȣԭе˪ѾǲĳɫϸҲܸˬ
һǺǣʱǣʵҪʪһЩʺ϶࣬Ҳһ򿪾ŵõһζ
㳢ζ̵С̫ǰ
ūԡ
壬ڽܳʲôԶ
ʵ۽ΪжȻҲд󣬵ͷС̫ԹˣȷȫԼٳ
С̫ೢʱЦŵ
ūųţԼǷǣȹ˪ǻҪ𣡡
Ҳ
˵ûԼҲȷʵȸߣػϱߵ˪Ǹϼۣ
ҲԣȻȺܸߡ
ϱߵǸˬһЩΪȸߣЩˡ
ǧǧζҲȷԼǵζ٣˭һЩ
Խڸһ˪ǣһǷİǣ˶ʮƷ
ȫ֪£ٷ֮ʮϵ˶ΪǷǸóԡ
߹ǳ֣Ҳų£Ǻ䭵һ£ø˪ζһЩ
ˣ䭻Ȼ򣬶ڴʱľ˵Ƿǳݳ޵ζ飬ȻԽԽóԡ߹СӴʳȽϳ棬ᵽеϸ΢졣
ңʹ߹Ҳ˵߸δиֻ֣֮ϲе˪Ƕѡ
һ䭶ԼǷĲƷλˡ
Ʒû⣬ҪȻоˡ
ǷٰһµǣȥеųϢ˵ׯһ˪ǣֱ۰ʮһʮٽⶥ١
߹ɴ۾ȵؿ
ʮģ
һԵҲ
ϵ˪һȱ
֪˼Ǿ˪˽εг£۸񶨵ʵ̫ˡ
΢Цŷˣ
ǾڸضǣҪɱ
˺һص
СĿˣ
߹ҲһȻ
䭵
꿪ʼǻģǡҪĲ׬󣬶ҪǵǾܶȥռȫС
ǵĲһ࣬۸ϱȻ»ֻимǲſܸذæۡ
һǵҵγɹģ
ҵչÿṩҵλؼǻԴũҵ
һˣʹСͬȵļ۸Ǯһչˣǵļ۸ʮһٳ˹ȸֳɱҲܱаٷ֮ٵʡ
Ժ۸»ѹһмҲȻܽά4-5һչۡ
ĶһǧСֻһԸΪİգͥ˵屶չĲҲһְնһЩ롣
ǰյȫһûġ
չҵĿڡ
뵽˴ֶ
ÿһǣϵǵһҪѿغÿһǵƷʣκβϸ뵽У𣿡
ʱüϵżصΡ
Ҳˣ˵ǷĹģܶ౶ܰѽƺãǷܹ֮λĪ
ģСһĽලңǳκ©
ȴǰ¾ģúúƶһװ취˶ƤǵʱÿһðտҪܳκβӡ
*
Ƿ˳ǣȥ￴һΣ˶ѾÿһҪ죬̻˺ԭ
һصԭ죬ѯʵ
ʽﱸΣ

ҪõĶȫ׼ϣʱԽС
䭵
Ǳ㽫ʱ䶨ں졣ȸʿ˵һи׼
ǣ
ȥ
ֽ̻ڳúðѼȫʽȥ
һ׼
磬˸ŵĻ⣬ȫǰǧཫʿȫ˿ҵֵһյϡ
֪Ҫʽ̨ȡͣҶףǰԼľǹﭹǸԼҲǰë˳ֻ
ǧ̤ŲӴӸĻֳۣľݾòȫǰնĿһ¡
֪ЩʿȥμʹᣬʹỹڳĵĹ㳡¶Уһ϶æûʲô¸ˣ㶼²ظϹȥ֡
ֻ᳡װôׯϣĿվڸ̨֮ϣǧʿؼ̨£Ȼɫ˷ܣȴѻȸ

ԭһУȷɱУ⸴²֮Ӧܵдľأˣڴ˶ǽͣΪ˶֪ǶǱӢۣҴİ
⻰Χ۵İǶԳ羴Ŀ⿴ڳʿ
˵öԣøлЩǽǵӢۣ
۸ߺ
ӢۣлӢۣ
ĿѣĺӣǸдҲǷĵظжſµʿǣһ
ӢۣлӢۣ
ԽԽ룬ԽԽࡣ
ʿѪڣг˺顣
Ǵδ˿̰оԼϵʹ˹٣ڿ£ôգΪ˰еӢۣ
ֳոǣ΢΢̧֣ʾ˰
йطйͣսնڽʿ˴󹦣ӦͣŵĶ̨ȡͣɶӳ˹ѫ佱
ʿϷ׷¶˷ڴɫ
ߵױԱߵһ¥̧һǮ̨ϣһλױ˶վ̨ϣóῪʼ
ԭؾʮӪһ߶ӣɱˣǮŹᣡ
䣬һʮ˵ı̨ܲӳӻӪױнӹŹǮ䭱ȭһ񣬸
л
΢΢ͷöӳУǮԼıܲ뿪̨ӣصԼԭλá
ױ
ԭؾӪһӣɱˣǮʮᣡ
ÿһ飬öӱ̨ܲ콱лܲصԼжС
һжôȻΧ۰ǶĿһ¡
ܲ밡ǿı
Ǳ㿪ʼ̾ʿǵõ͵ķ̶ȣΪǮɵģԽͷĶӵõǮԽࡣ
棬ӪĽʱЩӵһٶġ
ʿǱ챧סǮӣզ಻ѡ
ģһٶᣬÿ˷ʮᣡһӾͶǺüˣ
֮ǰ˵µı󷽣û뵽ܴ󷽵˵ز
ҲδðɣֻлӪǮŶ࣬ԭؾûô࡭
ȻӪǿױһ׼ȷʵҪһǮҪΪ˼ɱжడ
ˣǸĶѣ
ɱһӾĹᣬŪҶȥˣ
ǣҲ̫ˣҪɱϼʮӣⱲӶóˣ
ѹ˵µıرȢϱǴһ̾ôͣƽʱҲ߰һµľãͷ˿ԣ˭ҵĹﲻޣ
µıԵҲأ˵ǲٶٳԸɵĹܱܳ⣡
ѹһô׳ʵ
ڿôʹ󷽵µĺðԵúôúãܷ¸Ҫǿбͺˣ
԰ͷﲻΣգȥƴһѣſֻҪúøɣ˼ң
ΣҲ£ǳս˵νǺȷľ˸ÿսıȾ͸ʮǮ˺ÿ»ⷢǮҾ컹ܵаŹͨ˹úöˡ
ſʲô֮ǶûУɵѪжľȥ
һʹᣬÿʿźȫѸٵش￪Ūĸ׳ǣĦȭľӪ


51 
ʹĻ бǳ˳
ʱ䣬Ѿļһǧ˵׳
ÿʮǮİҷһȥʮ ˱ҪͳһӪˡ
һǧ˵±൱µıԱֱ˽һ
ζĶӳ ͷӪָʹλƾյ
Ӫڶʿɵڴ
ǰӪ࣬Լձԭؾʱ ӪѾв˱γȥСͷˡ
ſ˺Щ̣ о˾˴ΣȻһݡ
ʵȷʵ룬 ûã ʾˡ
幦ѫ㣬 ѫ׿ǰʮӣӳȫγ˶ͷ µĶԱ ҲµĶӳ
ѫǰһٶӣӳγ˸ͷ±Ҳγ˴ӳ
ˣ ӪѫǰһǧˣһǨ
±Ļͷ춼ԻӪ ⽫޶ȵر±ҳϣ һеؼ̳лӪѵʽӷ
Ȼ Լ幦ѫ ˹ȴԽϸߵʿ˵ƽ ԭؾҲƽϱûôԵĹƽԡ
ȡǨʽΪľʿ׼ЭҪԡ
սʱÿһһ壬ֻһȫЭܷӳ101Ӵ10Ч׿ԽĸˣֻдͬһɳܵõǨᡣ
ķʽǳھս
ҲڸˣֻȽ뻤ӪΪֱиǨĻᡣ
⽫ȫ彫ʿֱӪ뻤ӪС
ʵڽʿԭؾûоöôƽ
Ϊ֪Լ濤ʱǳ̣ϺͻӪûȡ
˵ӪԭǽµȵĽҲǴӸѡѡģͱǺá
ߣĻӪʿҲƾ׾͵õĹѫΪıǾϿѵΣյ̡
ӪǨǷġ
ңҲĻᡣ
Ϊŵģǹ˵İš
ȱ㽫Щ˹ѫϸȴûܵε±Ӫģӳθͷͨδӳֱѡ˻Ӫ
ԭؾеͨʿҲͨķʽѡһǧ뻤ӪЩӳ븱ͷͳ졣
ӪУʾǰˡ
ڵ֪ͷϢڶʿǶ˷ܲѣЩһӵӪǧʿ
֪ѡ뿤ĻӪҶҪϵɽ͹һ¡
˭뵽˿ĻӪȻź񣬶̶̴ʱ䣬ǲõڽи޷ľʹͣ˹٣
ˣ
԰Ҷû뵽ⱲӾȻٵʱ򣡡
ſɣǰ;
ЩֱϵȻõģ
˶˷ܲѡ
ЩƽϹ٣Ҳ˿ƲסЦݡ
ҪΡ
һ죬רŸһ٣лṩ˾ƣмȡ
ﶼȱǮȻҪȸʹ졣
ľƶͣźҲѺ
ףβѾεϲóԴʱһѫ׿ĶӳվԾߵĶԱ
֪ǺܸˣҲܵΣˣǶǴӳҲֻǸͷζʲô
ζѵ±ǵĶӳܱȡͷԴҲʱٿսһͷ
⻰µĶԱ˽ȸУԱߵˣҲ⻰ȥˡ
ΣҲȷʵ̫ˡ
ʵҲŸſ˼̣۸˹ûǨĳ̶ȣȫմڻӪĹ⡣
ԣǵλҲЩǰʮĶȵĳɼסԼλá
뵽ԼͷϵĴֺ͸֣Щε²СͷǷ׷װ¾ģȵ±ӪһҪԼڻӪѧı£úð±ѵ
ЩѫǰʮӵĻǣҲͬûеġ
Ǳͨʿʶ˾ٵ⣬ۻһʼԭĶӳѵ
ΪʽĶӳʮþˡɱˣǻӪһεĿˣ±ӪдҲհȥµĶԱڿгɼãЩӳҲΪӵһԱŵȱΪʱɾͶ˶ˣ
ЩѫܸߵĶӣԭŵȱ⻰Ȼǲġ
ǶӳҪʧˣⱲӶȥ
ԣǿǻӪŵȱ۴±Ҳŵȱ
ǶѵĶӳο
ͶˣǿŵȱôһССĶӳҶҪסͷô඼ͷͷ϶иأӪָʹλҲšЩǵĻᣡ
˾Ʊɣ
ͷӪָʹ
ƵĶԻڻӪ༴εʿ֮䡣
Ϊ˱סеְλΪ˸һڶ죬±ӪεڶСͷ죬жǳнȸС˴ߴ٣͸ĵش±Լ׵ģ̻ȥϹ٣˭ԼĶˡ
վУ⣬Ȼѵ棬ˣ
һʵڸ˵ʲôЩСǱɾʮ㣡
΢Цſ
ǱҲøϽ˷±Ӫڰû㹻ĳɼ±ӪһְҲȵġ
㶣һʶԼ˵ʲô
ǳȻӪָʹٵġһ٣ֱƹ±Ӫ
ϸֳƵϲ֣صرȭһϹ˸
£¾ΣһĽЩ±ѵɾ
䭵˵ͷŵ
鼳ҲһΪҪȻ鱨عϣճøһЩ
ԥشǣȻǺ鼳һ٣ְͬλȴκν١
Ϊ鼳ȻʱھУԼȴڿ߰ǰ󣬲Ҵ󣬵鼳Ĺ׾١
ӽ˷˵ԭһۣһսٲ鼳鱨ڵ̽ȡ鱨һʱֱɳΣաҺԭ֮սУϳҲ鼳Դġ
鼳һΣķڷ
鲢к⡣
˱󣬴ӽ˷빥ǣһֱߡճҲʱ㲦ѾԶһˣǾ㹻һλϡ
鼳ͬɻȱҪ۰򣬴ֵ죬һϣȻҲٲ
ʼӪָʹУΨһʣµıࡣ
սϽ٣ȴϵġӹģҲѾ䭲ÿ֧ӵ¿˶пȥһ顣
ϣѵ֮ϽʺලѲĹճܼλӪѵ
˼һ䭾ٸһᡣ
̸һΪӪܽͷһӦڸ֮£ӪָʹԸһ㣬ֱ䭱˹
Щʧ䣬ȴԹʾһṼΡ
գִԭĶͷѡʮλӪָʹǷŵ±ӪУбȫˡ
½ıܹĵؿʼѵǷҲͬûзɡ
ӪԭؾѵÿһзűֵĽ
ڴͬʱ䭸ϳǾڵղ飬ھһµļҲڻص˾ǡ


52 
У ӵڽӼ
žžڣӵþٰҪع²μӵĽڣĸŮ˽㡣
 Ϊ˲ǻʺĲɣûȥ Ҳûκΰ˼
һ㣬Ĩ˴ӵѵ䣬 ҹˣ һЩȤС˽´ĸ
ܴȴ֮ʹߣ Լĸӵ˸ɰ 밲Ĺȥ
ӵ۾Ȥ ָд˷Žȥ˵ûм棬ȴŮϵһء
ݳƣ еļӵľο ÿࡣ
գһͼ
ӵͻ棺
£ ֻˣ
ӵһ£ǰȥǵղ
Ȼƽ Ȼǵ鱨
һأ Ծ˺ܶ࣬ ʶȤص
Ůиˣ
ӵȴ
ںͷţ ޻ûдء
¶Цݣ װԸص
ǺðɣŮ͵һߣ
ȴǺܵ⣬ʵ۶మĸ³·æȴҲ᲻òĸš
ǴΪӣ־ȥԼʺˣʺͷĸǰҫġ
ⲻ֪ĶӶֻµİӶѡ
ĸеܵܣǸ뱣ˡ
뿪󣬽ԣ㱻˽
һ·ϣôͼӵ۽˼ȥҲûʲôõİ취ֻˡ
ˡ΢ûɱµУ
ԣһ͹طס
ӵۼ״֪鲻̫ſʼʻ
ô£
ԣֻܽǷһһʮظ߼ӵۡ
䭹ȻٳղʱӵѾ֪⿤ص˾֪üͷԼűö֮ƹ֮ʱ̲סˣץϵĲ豭˽ԣϣ
Ǹ𣿾Ȼţ
ԣֻñϵĹͷҶˣʹֱð亹ȴҹ˼ϵ˸Ͻ⣺
£ȫȻڿ΢Ѳڣûа취
ӵؿڲ
ýԣ˵ͿŹ󣬵ؽεԹڣЩУӴ죡ʱնɱص䭣õذպεȸмӵ
ӣĿŵز£ģ
ɺ޵ǣŰ裬Ŀǰȴܴ´鳯Ұʵۻкϣ
ðκݺݵضŽԣ
ɽй¶ˣ
ԣæ
˱ܲ΢Ҹ֪κˣ
ӵ΢۾
ˣһٽһ£㽻
ԣסˣ쵽ʧ̧ͷ
⡭ڣ
ӵҡϵͭ壬̫ܹ˽
ӵ۵
ȥһ̳ƣʹǻĽ
ơԣڿ϶ղû´ӵ۵˼
ƣƵıơ
ҪɱдǻĽڣ
ЩȻһҲǶõˣɴӾǰǵǧ·ھľر
ЩЩ˶ǲʮʮˣʱ·زڴ˵Ҫˡ
ЩҲﲻ
ǵҳ֪мڵǣûǿǡȴſھҪһȥ
£¿ֻҪúǾҽ֮йģǣ
Ͻͷӵ顣
ӵۿŵϲϿͷĽԣûһ˿һĶݡ
Զǧ֮⣬һǲȥעǱߵĶġ
Ҫ̽飬ǵסġ
Ǽʹȥˣ˼ķ̬ȣҲȻɵ
Ϊһٽ
ңЩˣ޶֤νšʰ䭣ҲǱ֮αġ
ǵģ㻹ء
ûȣҲ֮еһǺơ
ԣһҲ˵
ӵۼ״һЦ
һȺ޹ؽҪĽԼļ壬˶֪ôѡ
ȥ
ѽԣ
ˣɡ
ԣججظ˳ȥ̳ƣżӵСΣ˺һͬЩĵȺĵط⹬һԺ䣬ܶн־š
ͬǵһٽ̴ӵŵʵ
ˣô˵н
ԣŬųһЦݣ
ûйҵȡ
Ⱥ֪ȨնĽʱ
ظЦݣԣеָѪðΣʹ
˵ĿɼΣҴ˹ƣ˾ƣĸͷлҾͿԻؼˡ
ƶ֣ڽ˷ܡ
ƣôãҴûȹأ
û뵽»Ǿƺȣտпڸˣ
ӽۼҲǺȹƵˣ
Žԣһ̫ǣ̧ӹһٸƱȻСÿƱ˾ơ
ڽŶȥ˾ƣȻûκλɵһں£л
վŶӽ
ҶӺʹ
ţи˶ưľʹƬ̱Ѫ
ˡô¡
Ϊʲôˡ
һŹѪǲʵȴʲôҲûȵھҵʹб۾
ԣһѧʣδɱˡ
صʬ壬ͨһڵأЪ˹غ
վһԿһѵ
ˣûȥˣ
ԣĵվʬ崦ȥһĽʿϰγ嵶
΢΢һ嵶ݺݵԼһĨ
ᣬѪȪӿԣشЦЦַ̡
ûЦͲ̫ܷˣصѪ
ĬĬһ̾ԸʬȻȥӵ۸
ȥʱ򣬼ӵۻں˵
ߺãŰ˳
޸дȻȥɡ
֪ǵһʣѾʧȥ˷绨ѩµ顣
ȻǱںͷȴ˵Ļ
Ӽӵ۵ķӦ֪һüӵʧ£ЩҪǸսղҲδܻ
֪ԼЩ΢Ľ³ǲһģһҲ¡
ͷһΪӵ۱ƽķ߿
ʣĿ鶼û˽ɱط٣Իڣͷˮҿֱ췴һҪ
Դڿ䭵ӣ䭾޺øС
䭴߹Щ׵УΪ˱˴꣬󹬵ܹۣ͸Ǻ䭡
ʱţȸƿ˾ƣܵܵǻ֮һҪ䭺ӻʮٱسܵ衣
ȴû뵽õȵʱôԼѱ͵ǰˣ
Ǹమӵˣôݣıñӣ䭾ժ


53 
Ȼ ôҲû뵽ղŻļӵۣʱȴ޶ԣ ֻ
ʱˣȥĸɡ
еò׼ʲô˼õĻᣬ 䭵õѵϸġ
ǿ
ʣΪȻ̤ɷ Ĩ Ĵ淴ˣݺݳͷԺ´ȥ гд󳼺ֻʵô룿˽Ȼ֪һƬȸ֮Ŀ ˽ģ ߹ս³ԽһֻǧĻӶʰˣ ʱҪң
һҸ嵨Ϊӵӣ ΪҲ˵ñȽмɣȲԵöԼӵ۲ָ˲䭵غ
˭֪ȴô˼ӵ۵ʹš
ƣ ʰ䭣ֻǧ Ŵƣ
Ϊ˭Ϊĸˣ ˱
ƫŮʲôҲ֪ ΪԼǵС˼
ӵšü Ŀⲻƣ
󹬲ø ĹѧȥˣҪǼǲסͻȥһٱ鹬ٳ
ŵضԽô꣬ӵ˸һֱ۰мӣδ˶ӵ˵
δܹ˴ίкᣬˣ
ʡ㾹ȻΪңѵôҪô㶼ͷֻ˵˾ʵҪң
ӵüͷġ
ΪĸӣӦܵģôԼĶŮİŮ֪ԼñһëСסˡ
ߣ˵вȻҪʵ㡣
Ů֪Ĵ㣬ƽ¾ſ֪˻֪ʲô
Ϊͼǳ̯ӣӵŭôˣô˲ִ֪Ů
һֱ̫ˣ֮ǰ꣬˿ûѵ֮Ҳ޾η֮ġ
òƵĿⶢ˺һ
˿ûв̬Ҫͷ䭣ӵбѹŵǹŭһ¾ˣֱߵһʫȥ
죡
ֱӴϣʱʹһֻоǾʹһȻЩѪ顣
Сôüӵ۶ݣϧؼ
ô޴Ůع棬ʶ壬ɫ޹ȥú÷ʡ
˵ţ͸
ˣ
ͷĹ˽
ӵ۵
ѺӴ⹬û޵̤Ӵ⹬һ
̶
룡
Ȼ̬ȻǱȽϿ˭Լ˿жôˡ
ϱӵҳˣѺض֣һ·߻ȥ˶֪ŭ˼ӵۡ
ȫ룬ЩܵúǣγЦԼ
־öˣеĺ£ùŮϣŶͷŷܳ˴
һίһ棬Ҳ̬ӵ۵֮ġ
ֱصӴ⹬ӵҲûκ׷ڵıʾ
һžͱ˸֪Ϣ
üĶͷʮۣϽȥҩ˿ڡ
ջ
ĸʲôʱˣ㲻ҷʲô£ֻ֪ҩСҩʲôҪ
ŮûƢԶ˶٣
һ߲ҩһ߸˵׷ʲô£
һһʮؽһ顣
ҶףΪʲôôôά𣿡
꣬üͷ΢΢壬ȴֺܿչ
ӵ۵Ǹ㣬ֻ֪ԣ²бİš
ֻǣӵ۾Ȼ˶ԴǴС۵ŮЩ
ݲŮǰ¶
ǣֻ̾˿ϸȰ˵
¶ȷʵòԣȻ㸸ʶ˵£ΪλҪڳϾݣ
ίر˱죺
ǹ̫ɶˣպİѱôܲѵ
Ȼڳ˽ԼŮȫʱʲôΡŮⲻ֪صӣҲЩǡ
˺һ֣صضŮ
¶㸸ôӣȻĿǡҪסĸʣǻʵۣβĸסĸнյĵλȫһ㣬ǱǾ㸸Ϊѵ¡
⻰ͬĸ֮ߵΪŮָ߽ʲôΪļӵ۶ϲ
˵ʲôüӵΪѵ£ɴӰܾףܵλһ²üӵΪˡ
õܵܳΪ̳£˵ǧѡӵۻĸԸΪ֮ıʮ꣬ȻӰĸ顣
󣬼ӵ۽λܵ߻ӣĻ̫ϻˡ
Ϊ˲ίԷɽ
뵽Щӵ۸ղŵŭƺûôˡ
طΪŵˣвְ̣ο
ڼʵʵذѹ泭ãȹʱ䣬㸸ʿڹĳ⣬Ͳˡ
⻰ǳװˡ
Ȼŭ˼ӵۣİŮ˵ĵһᾧͱĻӹǲһġҪ˶ãֻҪȥϸӵ۾ͻǻǰһ۰
Ȼӵ۷еµģԺ˵ʱǵ΢עһ²С
*
ߣˡ
£һٽȫڣҲԾˣ̫ͻȻûס
ӵ۷һͨƽֻ࣬ü
ҲʶȤǮҲʮḧ˵ڱ֣ʬǲȫˡ
ԣ΢ĩС٣ʿɳȥʱǿܻ·ϵĹǣɵĲǾʿеȱ
Щ˵ļˣȨƵˣûȥǵ١
ЩˣɱôˣҲ׺ΪɷȻñսԼ͡
ǡ
ȥڼӵУ±Ѿˡ
ȻǷǲĵġֻǽҪ̽ǵ鱨㲻ˡ
˼һȥһǣһ̽һȴҪԭؽԬͷţϽ䭵ν
ԬһԱͽͷ߷ȻӼ߰ߵ⿤һٱס
ӵôҲû뵽µβԶ˳
磬У̫཭ĵ߽ݻʺ
ձܴһٽһλһͬɳȥϺ֡
Ŀݻʺ۾һĨ⣬ǹһĨ̵Цݣ
һٽ˵ɱɱλ»Ϊ⳯͢Ѿһ˵ĳ͢ˣ
˱ǺӵȺףʵ۳û
һʵ۵ȫѹһ
ʵˣݻʺûӲӲ£̫ӵȫݷ
ǣñԵûʵ۴Ȩһ㡣
Դ󵽸ɱ֣⴦һٽ
ŵİѱúãԲ˼ʮķ֣


54 
¹֮£ һƬ΢䶯š
Ƭ֮ǳʲôһ㣬һ
¹³ ̰غʿ
Ѿһʱɿֹ
Ϊͷ ѾǸ˶ʮϱӣȥ߹ش̣͢䣬 ʲôյ鶼Щ± ԹɫҪǿܶࡣ
ʱ;ɫԾǳô© ʵ۾ȻǾƺȡ
Ⱦƶ˵ ŵǾƵζ ͸òԾˡ
˸ۣںǱƵʱ˸ٶ ȫ˳Ƶ
ûã 㷢ŶӽʹܿѪ
֮䣬ǿſ־壬ҧ⣬ Ѫͣһʹصװ
ʹʱ ҲûԼܻ Һøǵʿ͵ û̫Ŀӣ ϸǵ ʬһߣŪԼԺ
ֵ˴Լʱȷȫˣ
½OO@@Ķ䶯أ¹̳ȥæ
һڳģǸɵϱԷһͺܼ
ͷ㡭Ҳû
¹ݺݵ˵ͷе
죬ǸϽ˰ٿ
ܹʮһڶÿһ˱ȳУʮ˵þˡǾþ˪ʮϵϱ
¹ǳͷĵص
ֻʮٿӣ˵˻ţ
û˷ԣҲڴŻбͬţֻ̫˶ϵѡ
˳ĬԵŸձƽķؿӣͽٿеĿӣҲûٷֶһĻڡ
Ϊײʿ֮ǻִ˴˼źĸ顣ͬսѵʬ壬˶Լͬغۿ
Ǿ֪Լһսϡ˭뵽ûڵ˵Уȴ˵Ķ֮¡
Щ½ѣȴҲҲ޷ػȥ
֪е޶ĸ¿ȴҲܻȥΪڷ絲ꡣ
жһȼյĺ⡣
Ǻ޵Ǹ߸ϺĵʹôޣΡοǰؽ⡣
зذϣһʮԶͣ¡
ҹɫ£ĿģĺӰ˭Ҳ֪ʲôΣա
ͷô죿ȥ
˹ͬã
Ѿ˵ˣ嵶Ǯ飬ʬ˴ߡΪܣǲ֪ܽǡ
Ϊʲôȥ¼˻ᱻ˸ִĥƽոɵҲɥĹ֪һڹٸΧ֮¡
¹ңԶϵ𽥼㣬ڵ
ȥǣͶ
˶ʱǰһ
԰ǻȥǣ£
ҿǵ棬ҲӦǼõģ
ھʱʵôģȷʵǸܺõӡ
ƾ֮ǰԸðй¶Ϣķշߣ㲻ʵ֮ˡ
¹ȴ
Ҫȥɽ·ԶȻʮּղʱ˰裬ʵڲַԺҲַܻͶܿ볯͢ΪУΪҳӡ
ڳĶʮˣһЩú
ȵ
ͷ⻰˵ģǲͶܲ볯͢Ϊ𣿡
Ҳ
طҲδܻ꣬ȥǶһѣǣвգ
˵óԼµƱΪǰǵ·ѡ˾һͨȥǵľ顣
״¹ص
ãǾͶһѣһȥǣ
ʱȫû뵽Ǵµȷľ
ȥǣǲĵ󻹵žۣҲû뵽ĸ
*
̫ǱԵĺ֣ͬӭµһ졣
ﰲ²ļҾ죬˵Ů˺ӽЩѵάơ
Сϱһ߽ϴѣһ߳źͬƵƵ
ϱһ廨״Ҳ⽹
˵ͻؾȥ︴ôڻû
Ϊ˱ڹһ˵һļһ㶼סٽ֮ġ
Сϱüص
ǰɵֶسţۿǽĳǣ˵˻ʱ˵ˣͻؼңνԶӦڼ弸죡
ɵֶţʮӪļҾǱȫ֪ԼҵĶѾؾˡ
ʱҶΪϾͻؼң׼˽ӷķˣ˭֪һϼһϣûȵ˻˱㲻Щ
Щ˴ڳıƲףеǸ϶ǼеĶⶥˣҲŲȥ
Ҷ³ʲô⣬ļҼҾһ𣬱˴˱Թ䣬⽹Ƶ顣
ʱ֣һʿһݺټһλĹԱһͭͬǽһ򸼸档
λԱ򸼸ݣ
ʮӪȫ壬;СɱֱȫûȫҾǰʮӪȡ
ϢЩ˱뿪ˡ
Ƶصȴż˻ļҾǣֻ
˵㺿ȴи˾òԾ
ԣɵֶǺö˶˵شŽ˳ǣôݣһˣ
ϵ˵ôܲż˶еĻƣǰӪʸ
ʮӪӪָʹǳˣԸȷ˸ʵԡ
Ҿȴ˵ǵļѾؾҪǽ
һɺԣȷϵĸм٣˭Ҫٺͱ쵽𣡡
һ֮λӪָʹԸᣬӪأҾҲ˾޿κΡ
ǰǱŵɵֶӣȴ˸⣬ȥǸûԩ뾩¡
˶ڣһٸʿļҾˣȻǲ¼ٵģ˹ȥǸûԩ
ʮӪһٸʿ˵ݣǰȴгϵʿǺö˶˵ؽ˳ǣ˵˻˵Ҫ
ôľ߹ɫʣ˲ǲǳʿǻĹꡣ
úܿ죬û죬±㴫˾ǵĴС
ӵŴºɫࡣ
֪Ϣ죬ڱ֡
񴫲Ѿô㣬׷ԴץʼٸɱӺܣң֮Ҫѹȥ
Ȼһ鳶Ҫڸǵ£Ƕ÷з
ʱԹֻһ·ߡ
ǾǷţһƵǿ뽯ϣҼνʶơšʱǿص䭡
ʹˣҲֻƭùһİա
ڶٹˣһ̽ȥһ˶֪Ϊѹ䭰Ӷţȴް취ֻܼν
ɻɨء
뵽Щӵֻͷǻһơ
ŬƽϢŭ뽹꣬Ȼѯͨ飬빬¼֮°ѱĶǷٸɾ
϶Ĵ𰸡
ӵʣ
ʬôģ
һ㶣漴ʧɫ
񡭡ˣ
ԭΪûҲûйٷ߰ͻḯõĿȫǣ˷֡ڿ˵ڱ£ЩʬΪƻԵؼ֤ݣ
ӵ۴ŭ
޴
ˣϽ
ūȥ
ȻˣȥʱʬѾھһա
ڶһ磬Щʬȫ̧˾Ǹͷ
ʬ沿ڣԾ˶
ݱֱɱĽһĺ֣ʬȴھͷڱˣڵˣж
ĵ˵ʳЩ˽
鷢չֵزΣжøһһ
ңЩһλƷĺԺޡֱޣһѧĶĴڡ
Щ˲ô⹦ǲ̣ܽۺ࣬ûĽͣǿӲֶѹӵǽĻʵۣ֮Ҳӿʷ


55 
ֵ÷з 򾩳ǰΧۡ
ͻȻһĸߴվ
Ҽǣǰ磬ڹſֵʱ ۼ˴ǽ˹˵Ҫȥ¸
⻰ʱ˵ĿѵĽҾǣ ̼ǰץס
Ŀˣ
Ҳʣ
ô֤Ļģ
ó֤Լݵƣڻʳŵһڽ־
ԣִӾŽģ Ҫȥʵۣ ȷʵǻš
ǺˣֺЩڽ˻ʳԺģ
ʳ֮У˭Ŀŵɱô˰ λָָϡ
ɱ˻Ҫ˵ʲôݣ ϶Ϊײλ˵£
Ʋܿ ʱ˰ǵԹ
ˣȥűܵͬ顣ɱ˵Ǹ߸ϵĻʵۣ ҲͬԹԡƽʱұ¶ ֵˣֲ˭˭Ⱥ鼤ܵĳϣûô˼ˡ
һЩ˴ַŭص
Ҳ̫ˣײʿͲ ʲô˲õ飬Ҫɱôˣ
ǣ ļҵĺû޶С Щ˵Ľͷ üҶһأ
һüҵˣ ͷˣ ˵˵ǶӣԺôźã

ң̯һλ
ߣʬ̧ʳͷȥǵñ¸
Ⱥ֮ʱɿ˰ͨҾеķŭֳһʰŭİϯ˻ʳͷ
ǶԻȨȻη壬ȻҳʳǣͷߺȻٲ˵ġ
ͨգЩﻹвǾʿӡ
ÿʿӶϣԼпƾٺ󣬿Գͷعҫ棬ٲƽͷһܵ޹ѹȴûκεķ֮
һΪ͢ЧʮĺԺޣĴڣҲʲôȴһθʵ۰Ե޹ʵغһȺĽһ𣬱ӵ˳ڡ
ƫƫ͢һڵӣ˵ݡ
ݺ
˭ҲԼΪڶ֡
Ѫ겻£ټ˹ﶼЩɡġ
ʵ˻ӹ޵֮£ĳûʵ۸ʷ飬Ҳʿӵĳˡ
Щ˵ûˣԻʵɱʿ£ȻҲܹϢ
Щʷ伮˵ݵ䣬ĲɣԽԽ˵ĹʳİԽԽ࣬ڶǵĴ´ţ죬Ҫʵ۸ȥһ
֪ЩѾֵ˻ʳ⣬ӵɫ࣬ҵ˴Ŀж
һȺǧе񣡡
Ķֻȵλʱ׺ʱ
ȵ۵оȻųꡣ
λĶʮ꣬ҵҵͼΣƾʲô̯
Ӱ㣬ؼǣֳô󶯾ǵѫ˲֪ڣû̵סȥ˽´ⱳɡ
Ҫ˶ãǷ飬¾ͻǹɱƶ´¡
ʱڴǰɨأڰպͶһŰ߱ɱӹӡ
鷢
һС̫ðŶԴķǰ
£κ
κƽǼӵ۵ĸ֮һ
ӵλԺ󣬻˺ܴ󹦷Űᵽλϡ
ӵѾ󲿷ֽ滻ЧԼˡ
Ҫñ뾭䷢

ӵ۵
κƽ⣬ǿŭ
ƽ⣬ã֮£Ҫ㣡
췴ʮ겻ɡЩ񾹸ҾڷɱӺ
κƽ⿴һۼӵ۵ɫλ´ʲôˡ
ֵ֪ôԼӵ۵ƢȻŭգѪϴɱӺΪᶨĵ۵Щۿżӵ̤壬̬һʰ
żӵۻûѻ˵ڣȰ
£ԹڣǿѹȻϽͣӸ˱󲻻֮ɿɡ޼ʱӦ»С콫̬ƽϢȥײ٣
˿ûӵ۵ʲô£·һĶûУȫȫΪӵ취ǽѡ
ӵһڻõλȻҲȫ֮ˡ
֪κƽģĻýȥġ
Ͻͼ֣侲
µ񣬱˷ˣѪѹȷʵҡ¾ܽ붼ѾУҲҪ˳ұƹ
߹ս˽ţ¾ҡ
ֻǲ壡
ӵ۱˱ۣѹﱼӿƽضκƽ
ˣƽȥЩɿĵˣ˳ϣҳסģ޻ᴦ
κƽȥһߣӵ۶ڻ˺һȥ˴ǰ
ͬǻʵĸ
磬̱͢һ⣬ߵİʿӡ
ǸʮֹˣȻվڳǽϣԵµո
¶ȥһٽ뺲ֽԣһ£ʹϧǷģӢ֮κһþӴ䣬ѷ֮ϲ˰ڣضһˮʯĽ
֮ô˻Ӧеµİʮܡ
Ⱥпʼ˸
±ضм鳼мѾ飬غܾܿף
԰˼¶Դ˲֪飬Ǵֱˣ
⣬ɴԵ˰Դ˶ôӣ
Щ۵ĹĶ£ʿӶɢȥˣܺĽҾ죬ҲһϣȥϢˡ
һ粨ʱΡ
̻ȥ̳ûƨ
Ӣڳǽһּ⣬µܿɢˣ
ӵ۵ɫȴûκλֻͣ䵭ػ˻ֽ¡
ֻûҵĽͣǱ֮˱Ȼⷢӡ
ԣڶԷ鵽֮ǰ£˱ˡαּ
ѡԭǽԣԣǿαּͼȳѺĿأȴʶƣ˸ϻ˾ǡ
ԣ¶㶾ɱһٽڣηɱ
ֻǺŪһգ㹻ˡѡ©ٳƱñ˷˵ڦ
ҸӺˣҲܰټ󻯡
˼ȥ˳ߵ̫񣬱ѡ
ͽԣһȥģ㹬бȻкܶ˿Ҳֻ̫࣬Ĩԣ˽ļ¼αּɱٱƽԣɱñСα츼档
ӵк޵õѪȻЩһƣ󲻵òΪһС£Լʮ̫࣡
ʮ꣬İ֮һȴòΪҽߣмĽڱȻ͢Ƶɢ˼пܳûĴ֡
˵ǸС鷳뻨ѸľȥȷԼ˵İȫ

Ϊ˺͹ȥһ㹻ʹͣεͣ˲ܳƲǵּĹϵ
ʹ͵ʥּȥǱֻ֮ҪЦ졣
һССĻӣɱָɵļƺĹԱʵ۵ģܳͷôͣ
뵽Σû˼ӵۣ̫Ѩʹ
ƫͷʹַˣ


56 
¶ŵư ʵϣⰸûʲôƵģֻҪøһЩѡ
żĸ 죬ԡ᰸ˡ
ӵ۽˽
ԴӼǰʬ© ǳ˴鷳һֱ
˼ӵۼʮ֪꣬ ӵ۶µ˷ ǾϢġ
²Щüӵ𣬱Ȼصĳͷ
αӵ֣µؽн鷿 Χصü ҲǾ˵ˣ Ҳûɵıð
߽鷿ӵ۵̬ȳϵĺ㣺
һٽɱİӣ ڳˣ 㿴
񹧾ֽ˹ȥЩڹûҳֱЩ
ӵͷĵع۲ɫ ʱص
޴Σ
Ϊܹܴ̫꣬ ʱ˿̣ ﻹ׼ӵ۵˼
΢΢˱ۣ Ÿľģ أ кˮ⣺
´ūżãūŹʥ
ûһԣ˾ϵӵк⣬ҲЩꡣ
ԸʱΪˣĹʮ꣬ȴܱһ޵Ľ֣Ҫǧ˵ȥ
ʱգʵҡ
ҪΪԼͣӵѵɫ
޶֪ȥɣ޻˰źֶ
޸֮ˣΨһ˱ֳµֶ
л¡
˸ͷ㱻˴ȥˡ
ڶ磬񱻵νʾںնףƽϢⳡ粨
񱾾ͲСˣӰˣӵֱӽѡĽӰ˳Ϊܹܴ̫ࡣ
ڳֺĹڣòӽ
Ϊ˲ӵİȫܵвʱֻܳǡ
δܹܺû죬κƽɧҵıʹ
֤ݶָߵһĻš
ӵ۽һȴûټ׷ȥ˼
ŵƣŵĳĸĿأٴҲδȵʱʷս
Ҳ⶯ߵͷϵģֻлʺ̫ӡ
һ壬Ȼɽȹ̵в
Ƶʱ䣬·ǵͷǰѯӵۿһۣһûѡȴڵڶݻʺס
û죬ʮĵŮ㱻ͽ˹Уǡ
˵糤»һӵжʱ泩˲١
ݼҵȷƴ󣬵ȴǺԡ
ʺ֧μǵáķֲ£ݻʺףҲͬܵơ
ݼҵϼѾʮĸ䣬ֻҪݸӦҵᶯ֣϶һݼҾͱȻֱ
ûǸʾµģԼĵŮʺãԼ׽߸ϵĸʺã˶ѡǰߡ
ױȻμ
ʱƲʺ̫ӱ·ӡ
עһȼμʵǱϵ㡣µ塣
ʱȻӵȫɣʵ壬Գײʺ̫һ
ԼݼʣµƾУҶռܾˣҲ赲߻Ϊ̳ˡ
ҳӣҲΪԼΪۡ
֮ǰ뱣ǣٳ嶯¡
ǵʹͣ㲻Сˡ
ԣǰԭ̽ϢĿǰѾյԬӼۡ
˵غǰٲȻүնԳ͢ĲΪʮʧ
⻹㱨˾飬˵ֱʱںԭϻֶԭͼ
ԭʧ֮Խɽشƽԭ֪һս³Խʲ͢Ҫֻ̫ϣٶһЩǰҪʱؾս
üӵ۵ȷǵĿǰûгƿطΧڡ
ԣ䭲ҪҪǵġ
ҪʹͣҪƺƴظȫǰն֪͢ǲΪ
ֻǼ鳼ʵһֲԾ㴦˼鳼ҽͳε
ˣʲôȻʵ۵֮ġв죬ڰбҳӣ׷档
Ԭᵽľ飬ӵҲӡ
ԬĸǱɣڳΪ٣ܱ֣ӵ۲Ծжϡ
شﲩϲԽԬԭһߵľӺúװγ綦һļ̷ߣǼ仮ġ
Ҫղȥһǣӵ۳ﻮһ˴εղֱӴٽͬ򣬴ѾԼ䭵ʹһǰ
Ϊһʧʹ͵ղȴӷƵȥԭȻԬǧղһ𣬽ʹ͵ȥ
Ӵղ飬嵱һڵزŽòһ
Ϊ˲ٳ©ηּӵǻɽݿ
һƺƵӱޣ˶ʮ죬Ƶߵԭ
ǵ֮ǰʵѾӼżԬϽݿεж
ˣǸսԭؽûãŵķһӴԼ˵Ķ飬Ǳ
һСӢϣ
ԭؾʮӪ߶Сǣ֮ӭղǣ
ݿһԷȷʵǴű߾ľҲԭؾӣټϻʵּⷢǱȫûлɡ
ֻЩ죬ԬʵǰȻԳӭղ
ʹ˵ղһԭǣֱӱӭ˾Ӫ
һӪݿ㱻Щӵʿˡ
ЩʿźʵţƤףеıﭹҲʮֽʵȻ²ĽŸ档
ϲϵȱߴ˵ϵȱҲš
Ԭ߽ܽؾѵ˵زҲѹܱ
ţӪ߳һλԼʮͷӣһɫףӢȴȻǽݿȫû뵽ˡ
λСǵĶͷ˸߲Ҿͱȥ
Ȼ˵˸˺üʮ
ݿ˾ɲһǿһԼ
㡭ô
΢΢һЦݷ·мºͣ
˵˷˸ʵ˲ٶȻҪӭһ
ݿºȻɵЩ룬ɫش
Ԭң
䭵
ЩѣҲûҪôżշܻмһġ
ۣϽԬң
ݿǳ֡
΢΢ü
ðɣȻżͲˡˣȥ̳
䣬߾ǰҪȥѺ뿪
⻰ԾжĽȻҲʾ̱ε
䭴ָڣ̱˷ѸٱܹؾΧס
ǰͷģ˹ƴĹѩļͷɢź⡣
ݿʱЩ˶ˣûκĿԡ
ԱĽʱģݿʱ
ô
䭵
ôţֻǾãҰﱾôණʵ࣬ӪϢһʱնѡ
ݿĬ죬˻֣

ûãٽ㱻˫֣һˡ
ӪмĿյϣʣµֻһó˽ĳӡ
ﶼǾµĲſУÿһѶǷǳѣջ֮ʢȵɻ־Ӫ
⣬ɱȴ־Ӫ׶ˣֻдŵĹ


57 
ղĳ˱ и䭵ʹ͡
ӿͷȫǰ׻ӣڶʿ۾ֱˡû䭵û˸Ҷ
Щ˺ü װľ䣬õСǴΪ𾪣
ۣʮ ˣζʹͿǴֱʣ
һЦʮǵüʮ
˵ţ ǰȥ ³ϵľ䣬Ȼһֻ־ͽᵽ˵ϡ
һ߷ľӣŵǲȫɢڵء
ľصĶ̫ԣ СǺӣ Ȼ㾪ش
¾Ȼȫǵݣ ûˣ
һ㶼ȣӵ˿ģ ܸһѾĴֱʡ
Ķ 
ңһҲȷʵˣܹµıúüˡ
νϵĻңԸ
Щз⣬ ռط
ʿУӵʱ֣ ÿľ涼ǵݣ ֻһ
䭲ڣ ۵
λ¿ǰӣ װģ ƫҪװʮ
ֻ˵Щ˼Ůʱױµ浾ѳû˵ʵҲôɵģ
ЩӶҪ͵ǿģ֪ģΪʵǿʮأ
Ҳ֪ͼʲô
ܿ죬Ǳ֪ӵͼʲôˡ
Ӿӳ¹ˣ;һ£ǡ
ߣΪԭһֱûս£ǺԭԭѲ飬ʱפѵЧҴű΢˰ߵִ
¹˵ʱɽկаȫ顣
£һˣԳԾǵĽ˵ҪҪ뵱ױǰ
ǣ
Ǽ٣Ծǵ˺ϢڹϣǸȥġ
ɽǸӼˡ
ģʮ׳ӡһˣЩ졣
ǰһڵϵ
ԭʮӪͷ¹ǰ뽯һѲǣ뿤һ֮Ե
վŵЩˣҲŹڵء
¹ܵ
Щԭֵܡ
䭶ھǵ£Ϣͨ
뿪ǣ˿ѾǱʵʧ˵ģһЩ׮ĺȷ
ر֮ˣֹ˷ѡϾǵķչЩ˺ܿͿܳΪӵ۵жߵѺھʡ
ߣ뾩ǧԶӵĽͨ£ͨ͢վӼҲѻüʱϢͨһӼӵ۵ļء
˼˲ߣվȽŸ
һȷʵûкʵ֣óȻµǱѣüӵۿʵھµĺ˼ɵ
һ棬ԼӵδһʱҪȡж϶Ʋ⣬ûôеҪûʳڵϢ
࣬ҲҪŵǣؼӵ۶һĲ¼ɡ
͵Щϵ׷ʲô²˽⡣
Ȼ˽ЩҲѡ
ӵȺԭһΪղĻɣ򣬶Ծǣȫǣӡ֤
к£
Ȼʵƺϵ鲢̫Ȥ
̬¹ʮʵʵǻؾ֮½һ飬ֵ
ҵھʵ·ȥ뵽ĻŰǧֻǵġ
˵ſͷ
ԸΪЧңһ֮
ڼӵۻ˵ԬϢԤϵģڽſţױ㽫˶˸š
ģԬıʼǣԬĽӡͨӼĹٷӵ˻š
ôҲû뵽ӵ۾Աǲͻȥղȫڡ
ԭӲʡ
޷˾ȻΪô޹ؽҪһСɱϰˡ
ѹзӿ¹
˵һ·̲֧ţ·飬ôǵģ
¹Ͻ
ؿû߹ٵû·Ҳ޷̶άƣ̲󣬱ƤݸΪ֮١
ݵƤͷڵܷϡ
һ۵µʮǰжλĸͷǸ߿˼֡
ǵĹǼ٣ܽƾһ죬Լ·϶̶̼ĽӴжϳ׼Լһ·ɳԲݸƤҲΪ΢֪жƵ
䭱ϲûбʾʲô
ǵ±֪ˣˣȥʳóԷɡ
¹ȴ
һ¡һģ·һЩҵ˵ʵ£ҲͶֻǲҵȻһЩ޶Сۡ
˵ȴЩ֮ϲ
մºԭдḻȱ˿ڡ
ԭţȺԭǱ뱱ֵս¹ȥҪЩ취ʵ˿ڣû뵽
ôˣ
ǿຮֿ߽磬˵񲻻̫Ը
¹˵ľ
Ѿȫռ죬ֱס³ǣܱߵĿأһҲż
سǷռƣٱ޷ֻڱֳʱƶǽзסӷߡ
ս½ţһʱ˭Ҳκβ˭ֻܱ˴Ϻʱ䣬ȴǿܱ߿صİա
ǲǱץȥūǴ䱻ɱӡ
ˣԽԽӹȥİգʼټϱ붫Ӵܡ
ɽܶǿܻ֮࣬ûжʳЩ
ǲΣյıȥֻܱ֮ߣͼϣѰһλĿص
¹ˣھ߰ٶһġ
ʱЩһЩǿ׳Ϊͽ٣ǿŲ̣ͦЩΪ
Щ˵þȺ󣬱ͬС
˵Ҫȥǣʮֲ⣬ΪҪȥ߽ĵط
¹ʵ˵Ĵ˵ǰյӹüΪ̩Ҳʵ֮ˣЩ޴ȥ񣬱ǷֵһڷԣѾٵĺ
ҲøǵľϾĴȷʵѡ
һ·ߣһ·˺ü·˲ҲǴһǧ˹
Щʵϲŭ
¹
ڶ߳⡣
ıؾϣֻҴһĿյϣеϣЩͶľϡ
¹Сؿ
ȥ˵뿤ҪɱɱǶЩˣҵġ
û˵ӦӦֻǸȥã˸һȵ̺࣬ˣȻ·ȥѰЩ
ȥţҲһƥ·
;гɱ뿪֪˵ʲô˿ѾĶţԳȥˡ
¹죬׹÷
ѩˡ
һǧռ˴ϡ
ĸӶùԼ񻹹˲ƾô಻׳
ЩԺ󣬻᲻ǻ˵
ǲѩҹЩﲻ֪ж˻ڼͺ䡣


58 
ҳ£ ǲռݹٵֻܼǶһ¶ȺСĻ棬˴һȡů
ȻҲ¶£ ȴһܵסһĺ磬ټϱ˴˵£ ǿ΢ůһ㡣
¹˽ǺѾãȴûûȵκλ
ͷźڳ죬 ͻɪɪ ɫŮԶɵ
ɣ㲻Ҫٹˣ ׳ ǳĿ϶Ըյģ ԼȥǼܱסһһ
⻰ ۿһ죺
 ˵ʲôҪûǣһŻʲô˼
ЩԸ׳ġ
һЩ˼һᵽûūܶȻһģ ΪһڳԵĶ˴˼ҵū͡
Щ˼ҲƵģǸܵõһڳʳԸ⣬ Ǿܵġ
Ϊ˱鷳 һʼͰҪֻЩ
ڶ˼µʱ £ ֻԺΪͽɱ¾ͬΪ֮ ҲС
֣ʼնԼ˲벻Ҳ١
֪ǻȥ
Ϊ˸Լͼҵһ֮Ѿշת˺üس뿤ǣӭǵĶǽյĳļʸ
߸ߵĳǽֳسʿ޿κΣֻܼһǡ
·;¹ˣ˵ҪȥͶһʿܺõĿ
˵ǱʿĴĶˣõôǮͲˡ
¹ǵĻһľõЩʵȴҲЩ޴ȥϣ
һ׳꣬Ǳϣǡ
ɡ
Աߵںתײϵıһ˫г۾
ɣ£ҪܽǣܲҼС㡣˵ţԼƤͷСƵǰ
ԺūҲãҲգУֻҪڳԵģܻͺˣ
ϾҪ´ѩˣߵѾǵļޡԼʹˣûпֶ㿤Դ˵ôԽбСִۣҲܽǡ
ʹˣûʲôӻôСһ·
ɺĴԼ˶ѱιܵ˱ˡ
Ĭ˺һջѡ˾ܾ
Բ𣬴
ûǿֻűǣźȥһˡ
Ⱥʧ˻Ҳ٣ʱŰ취ͬ·˴ǻߵĺӽǡ
ȻʱһϢһ̵ţûܵȵϢȴȵ˳Źرա
ȺӣΪܶѾľʮǵΨһϣ𣬻̲סĨᡣ
Ҳͬʯػ㣬ɥʧ
ãȻĹˣֻжտݻƵҰݣԶǿ֦Ҷɽ
ûκοǶܷѩĵط
ڴʱֻһصĸ֨չرûõĳŴˣӻǺӵĵҲ
һһȵǰͷͷŲ֪˵Ĳ룬ǹѩܶ
ЩһܿСǰ
ӲǰƣЩһλɫɫӼ׵Ὣ죬Խڶߵǰ档
һڵĿȥ˰벽ص
Щ񡣡
˴ҶʶǴһ·ǵ¹
ǳԾλὫ죬ȻǴеĿ
λ˵ĸ߲ʣִôֳַ׳ʵʿû˸ҷ
̫αɱĳ棬ʱǲұֳκһܻᱻйԵӡ
䭿ǱɪһΪͶ뾪ϲͨͨĵס
Щ˴ƾɲѣͷ棬ݵֻʣһƤȧͻ˫۰ݣֻֽʣ¹ͷЩˣиŮСҲһ׳ꡣ
ʿǵĿ⣬͸εĿ־塣
ˣǰɵ֣ҵĽ
һǧս;ǵģߵ׳궼ݳжûôǿ׳·ϣ
սңʼײİա
һ̣ͻȻʼʵһͳġֻнͳһںϵĹңղܳξð
ĺԸ˵Ҫʵֻкܳ·Ҫߣֻǰ£ܾȵҲֻǰˡ
ȥǶľȼá
˿ڼƻ飬Ϊ˸ûнǰṩ·޳ǽӪԸӦͤڳ޽ݣΪʱ
ЩݣЩסûġ
¹ݺݵ˿˳ǣ֣ҲпڷԣȥվţҲپЩѩ
ʱǣҲ֪仰˵ζʲô
ʹˣܱǣһǸ˼ˣϽʰ׼ӽǡ
ûãӳʻʮڿߵһģ˱
вжģ
ܸ¹һ·ǵģûм߲ġ
һˣֻ
ǽʣĳʮϵˣµĺͯҲȥɡ
˶ˣ˭Ҳû뵽ǲǣһŵ񳵣û˸Ҷ
ǽˣ
λϲߵСͯλʹŵĺӣλɩӺŵĺӣȥһ
㵽ģͷŮӶСһһӤĸˡ
ͷĿİͰ͵ص
⡭ôõĳôܸЩµ
ǽЦˣ¶һڰУ
ϲģЩǿЩж֮˵ġȥɣ󣬱ͺӶˡ
⻰ͷҲ˵ʲôˣϽź
ϳʱһ£Ավ׼ݳʿۼֿطסˬʵ
ϲЩ
˳˺磬ů˺ܶࡣ
ͷǾһ
ôôãôеıү
пǿסڻʹӷȻ
һ˵˳Ƕ˳ܿһķݣǽոҰĶǽϵĲǴµģԼ޵ġ
λʮһݣѡͬ顣񶨺ѡһҳҳǰȥǼǡ
ںеǣֱžûů˲١
ͷס߷٣ǿǰǽһЩĸо
ǽзڲ챻ڱѩˡ
ѡҳ½½ǰȥǼǣˣԼٵĿ
һжͻȻŵдһ˿㡣
ţʿ˹󺰣
ÿʩΣάֶʮգλԴǰȥȡ
ǽ˳ǣסӣȻʩ࣡
ʱǾϲϽԼҵĻǰȥࡣ
ĵطȻ£ڹͷ
ֳվѩ󵶵ʿļɣ˱ŶӳɳУɺߺ߾ʮŶӵĽղࡣ
ʿ򳡣ǶѾöûԹʳֳȻ
ûãǰͷ˱쵽
ڴ֮ǰʿȴһѵ˹н裬űЦŴ˽͵
ǱۿɲҪˣǰǾж˵ˣʩʱ൹ˡӴ˿ʩǰ٣ںѡΪ˴ҵȫǳԵʱǧЩѶ³
⻰Էʱһ߳һѣûһΪδʳ⡣
ůϮڵůˡ
һ̣ǲеظܵ˻ȥϣ
ڶ죬ʩվɣȴһһɡ
ĲˣҲд˲ҩ
ΪôҰģڶʮ֮İţҲʩʱˡ
΢壬йʺŮٵĹֶУҿѡȻǮ񣬵ôҲӻûġ
Ϊ߹ʵڲܹģÿҲľȼ
꿪ҷַأÿĶأֻ˰
Ļ˶̲סϲ
ѡǣǴˡ
ûһǵĿأһȱ
ǵѩķӣÿ컹ܳٷԺҲŵ׵Ƿ
ڿ£ǲ˻ϣδܻԽԽã


59 
 ֶ֮ǰʹղﲻͬݵ˽ʣӳ֤¹˵ĻеȻ˵ ûκͼӴ׿ʡ
ټ¹һǧ䭶¹ ʮġ
ûаǡ
һΪĴӪлҩ κʧ
ߣ ǵѾ´࣬ȫٶ֡
¹һıĺ֣ҲҪԭܻӪһеѵ ȡܾӦ¾ӵľԼսʽ
ôǼ壬 ȷûһʱȾʲô֢ 䭽ǽЩӾĽ
ǰǧͶ ܻӭûй ҲóȻίԹְѵɱеʿƽȥԭӪͨʿǿԸ⣿
ɳס ̵
ͶģȥЧ
䭷ĿЦ⣺
ȥԭ ҲͬΪҡ
ɲ̫ף ǵ߾ģ ֪߳Щͨ߾ʲôӡʶĻʳ ʵڲԸȥĽ£ һ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴ¹סˡ
¹Ϊͷַ࣬񣬴ʱѾΪ˼ľ
˵ȥԭҲΪңĪ˵ѾƿأԭؽԬҲˣ
ɻʮһ𣬸滤͵һԭ
ΪؾӪڳǱ¹ʱ㴩Ƕ
б߳ѹ־ģͬԭ֣ؽ̯ģеСԣеӻеũǺ«ģСΧԱҪ
СĴǣҲԸЦеΪԼҺһ
ֱϣ֮ĵ̣ʳ꣬С̯ȣҲв˹ˡ
Լ·ϿصΣǾȣ
ԭİջǮǴִţļ۸񶼷һˣԷ⣬ôЩֲֹİϷ
һЦ
۸񷭱˵Ǳĵطǿ¿ɲЩԭԴӱֺ۸㱻ǿȶڽ괺ļ۸ˡ˵ÿҪƾ򣬳Աȴǲġ
һʿż۵
ԭؾǮΪ߾ñͱǶ࣬ϴαȥԭܶ˶˹˲Ǯأԭкܶ˶ǾмҾ죬Ȼͷԣ
¹󱻾ýһ
ʲʲôԭ
ʹ¹֮ǰԶھҲ֪ԭǱӵĵ̡紦رڻ֮
ƿԭúԭȻȥӵĵ̡ˣ˼ôʤ̵ӡ
ԭʲôط
ʵ
ռŵĵطԭߡһͬ͵
ɶʱզࣺ
үǿӢ£ȻƱӣ
һ֣һֹֽӵ
ѽƱʲôǿɶռԭȫþˣ
ڲԼϢʱ㾪°͵ӡ
¹ˣȴפԭأʹţðβŻعȴ˵˵
⡭ô˵⸴ԭ
ǵȻ
൱϶Ļش
ɵզȻ¹ȴǾþ˵мѡ
ѹԭһɰҵľ󣬸ԭѾǱ߳ǣǰͷټһԴţֵܴܱĿأȻǰȫʮ㣬ܶӡ
˵ȷṦΰֱھ
ŶֲŶãѸȴǿУռ˴ĵ̣ɼǶô۲ΰԡ
Ӣ䣬Щ˵ĻҲ֪ǼĵġʹʵҲȻƾԼıƫһ磬ƿһ
һΣĶˣ»ķˣ
ռ˴ĵ̣չƣ¿϶Ҫ˵ģԳﻹмֱ¡ڿ£ͨʿõٵǮοһЩأ
*
ܵһֱԭӪ
¹ǱԭؾӪһΪӳͳµʮɶӡ
˵ǴͶģͷͶ󶼺Ѻá
סްŵ׵˵ͷصΪǰһ¾ã˵ǳէҪЩǮ֧Ӧ
ȫŵģڽʱ򣬷ľǲ˿ۣ䵽Լֱ֮һ
Ϊ˻ӭǵĵﻹרϸǾ˻ӭʽȻûоֻˮΧȴʮңͷů
һΧ̸˵أ˵˵ţ㽲ǰЩղʹ͵ϡˡ
Ǵûʵ϶ʹҲŪأװµӣǵ÷ʮװ˵Ц
һʿ
һҲ
ǰ֪ʵôͼʲô
˵ʵ͸ʹŪ٣¹ʱЦһ
ͼʲôȻΪԼĳ£
ͷ
ɵ˶ȵؿ
Ҫ֪ԭ֮ǰΪǼھеİȫòҪ͸¶ԼԾǽݡ
·ϣǾ˵˻ʵն˴ΪǶػ๴ᣬΪ˰Ƕϧαʥţ¶ΪڸԼУɥĲڹжɱղһͬǰһٽ
ʱĻϲΪϴܱ۷ǡ
ͷȴǣģǸܻߵǡ
Ҫڣ·ɱãǵҪڻʹ
ֻлʵۣŸö֮ڻʳɱôˡ
ʵôֻһԣǱִˣѹסˡ
һ˵µĿ̣Ȼ֪ǱɱûãҾǱ˳ֱӾ˺üջжˣһȥʳſڱߺţд顣
ͷ΢ϣʱ㱻ˡ
ԣʵȣòƸƽϢߡ
ʵ۱խŰɱƵϣ֪Щﻹ˻ţȻᰵｫǧУǣǵļˡ
ǲȥʵϢˣǵļпƽһȥȫҸ
˵˱ǵʱǻ˿
ôҲû뵽һ侲ͷȻṫȻ˲Ŀ˵ʵۡ
ҪǱ¶ǵݿô졣
Ȼ¹Ļʿĺ档
٣ӳ֪ٸ鰡
¹۽ŵִɣ˶Էһɫ
֪ԼȷʵӦСĽ֪ʵڶɱôͬۺ󣬻˶ĵͼ˶ĿߵǷǺڰף̲סҪƶԷαߣ
ɵ֣һɷµʿ
Ҷֵ֪ܼǴģ·˲پǵĿ̣˵˲¡ǲ֪ɣϴɵǵղͽȫˡ
˵ǴɱģʵȻһֲ̫࣬ǻòͷˣڵ־Ļʹɱôղǰܹܴ̫һͶƣ˻ʵۣ˭£
ʿ׷ͬصͷ
¹ֵ
ǲ֪Щղǵʱʲô£밡ԭʵ֪µˣʧˣֵǷзɲҸôǾҲҲ취ϴˢԼĶ
ʿȻ漴ŭ
ҪǿղץˣЩôȥǣ˿ɲᣬΪʵǸǷǵĺûʵۣ˳ζĿ
԰ʱ˵ֻһɰۿô׻ǣ˭Ű
ղͽɱ֪պǿ϶ǹÿưͿ
û뵽ʵ۾бɵСˣ
ߣıǶϤˣɱ̫ƽԼĳҾͻǵø˾֪
ԣǰձαĻʵƭˣǵúúһ»ʵЩºնģ
߻ʵԶ߳ǾȻȲ̫ƽʢĵطη
ԭؾЩǵģڻʵ̻Ƕʮַŭ֪ʵھǷʧܺ󣬾Ȼͼ޳ֶܵƭǰգŭɶ
ټϵİĿ˿ʿǲŻʵĻºնġ
ڶ죬±㴫˾Ӫû죬Ǵԭǡ
ڶշ׷׶Իʵ۵Ĳбоȷŭֱģ뵽˻ʵ۵ĵǺ²ѣӽԺԽάˮȵĿ
ⱾûǮս¾͸ԽһǼӵ۴Լ˽ﲦġ
ȴôҲû뵽ǰ۽ȥһ˵ԽԼԭһǽ塣


60 
ӽݿ֪뿪ĳֱ䶯 䭱ȥһ˺ԭרŸ鱨鼳˹
鼳Ҫһȥǵฮ Ҽס
ʱǼӵۻǾǵĸܹעǵĶ ߺڳеĵλһղһգʱܵӵ۵żѹ
ӵ۷ͨ ȻĴѩϼ˪
ز òѣٴδߴЩ
Ȼͼӵ֮ìԽ ӵǰ Ȼᱻ꼰㡣
Ȼ ˽Ȼϣܵġ
 ȫలٸ ֶһΪա
಻ֻһ˵ı̵ֳĸףһ峤
ּҸϡ
Ψһģ취༰ һԶΣ
ӵѾƿ˳еؼ жʮĿȨ ˳ˡ
³ллʺ̫һ пᱩŰù飬 ҲȻû档
ʺ̫Ӳܣ Ҳܣܡ
ʵһ㣬ʵռŸ˳ٷ⣬ҲʱûȥܻʵˣʵȨľ͸ɱˡ
Ǹ˶ᱻӵһһ
ѡԶȨŻҲϣҲţƽ
鼳һʼ䭵ĻӪԱܱѡΣȻҲǼΪ֮ˡ
⻰ʱһжжҪ¡
һ
ĩµĶͷ޿ԪȥΣϻӪĳԱ½Ҳ飬ԾҲϤ
ӡڹԭǰЭ鼳һںԭжˣԭ֮սʤΪ´󹦣鼳ټΪ鱨Ӫһͷ
ǾͰ
ûã޿Ԫͱ˽
һֻжʮͷˣ࿴ǱȽʵ֣ȴܻ飬Ǻƭԡ
䭽ԼױźһѼƷ֬С񽣽
һҪֽݴɣͰ񽣸סˣ˶Ŀ
񽣣ԭعǰһգԱȥֵġ
֪ΪʲôѽʱоȻһЩᡣ
ƺԭԽãЩ˵ĸ飬̳еþԽࡣ
Ϊ֮СܵױðġĵΪʵģҲá
ֽһЩϸڣ޿Ԫ֣ؼˣŰ򷢳ȥȥ׼ȥˡ
Ѿ˶ʮˣ·ûʲô⣬ӦѾ˾ǡ
Ҳ֪ô
*
ǣҵľฮ޿ԪǷһۣԿ̵ݣ쵽ฮ
࿴֧үɫ̫ÿֱҪ·ȥĵطߣᾭЩϹص¡
үɫЩÿϾλ̩Ŀ̸ŵˣǣ񸮵Ƥë⣬ǰŷѣлǧӡ
涯ģλ嵱ſ̵˿档
кպޣλȻơ
һ徭̣ȫǶȨȦٻ´嶼飬ƫҪݺݳʹ˵ʲô˴ӵĺȡ
ӶˣôʶôҪǷƵ·
޿Ԫ״óƤëŵ񽣣Ц
࣬ϸС˴Ƥӣ񽣵ģҲƷʼá
⻰˵Щ֣ǿŲͶ࿴һۡ
һۣͫһ
ǿѹе뼤
ˣƤӰɣ˵ǰͷƷʹ񸮵ı׼ǾܸƼġ
޿ԪǧлүҲΪתɵͷһϲ˽鷿̸Ҳ⡣
ߣ޿Ԫ£̱Ȳʣ
㵽ʲôˣ
޿Ԫվع
С鱨Ӫͷ޿ԪھʱǿӪĻ˴η֮ţү£Ϊ˶Ŀò²ߣ
ȻǲȴǼʵ
ɻã
ؿຮһ󲡺ȥǱߣҲ֪᲻Ӱ졣һֱǣŴ£ȴ¸鷳ȥ
޿ԪеĴ
үģһаáǿƤӣӱģõļţ˵ʹˣη϶õϡ
򿪰ȻͷһżƷƤӣЩỬƤݣЩϵ΢΢ʲôסһ
þ֮Żع
µںδ
޿Ԫ̷зŷ⡣
Сĵزżţ¶ɫűϲɫȴ¶Щ˸
иѾƿǺԭ˵ռĺԭȫ˵񾩳ǵ֣뾡·ˣܵȵλͼذϣ뱣ƽ
ԸΪϣֳ֡һ壬Ҳ°١ҲΪṩԮ֣ʽȫ
ֵ¿г̾Ϣ̵ֽ֪ĴӾǳȥҲ޵ķʸѸңԶ˻ҵĺܸˡ
ԭԭһкܶ෱˳֡ǹ¼ҹˣȻǺ޲̾͸޿ԪȥŴء
ǣټһ塣
״ӵ˼Ը⣬ṩȫ嶼˵ϡ
һȫˣֵûѶپԴڱվȽŸȥ
ߣһЩ棬㵽˴ӵϣҲȥңʱ򷴶дΪѡ
ΪּҵļЩٻˣҲûģЩΪԵʱʵ
ֻ֣ʹӵһƬġ
Ȼôڱվ˽ŸҴ˴ƬɽǷڷǵֲǿóˡ
ֲũ£ӴµĺԭдƬأܷӣԴ˵绢
ţдţһǸӵĻţһǸֲš
дţ޿Ԫ
ڱûʲôȱĶ
޿Ԫͷ
С˲ڿߣȱȱʲô治֪طͰ˵ҪȻһ⻬ܸ²ѵܣӦȱ
һ
ͷͷھԴգϷЩ취
Ǳߣвټո߳ôǸ࣬ȥϢŪոӵġ
޿Ԫ˵֮ϲ
ôǮͣӦȱģλȨأ˵ܰ￤ҵʵˡԿ˵Ǹľϲ
뵽ԼҲܰ￤⣬޿Ԫڴ
Ȼ죬ʹ廧һ˵Щ˶ǹǱ߼ո߳оѧڹܲ־ֻҪúԴǣЩ˱ضΪ¡
޿Ԫмѣ
С˴лү
ȻЩװ˻ǡڣǵĻ鶼ܺýһ·ͨ衣
үǱߣȻܾ˺ȥˡ
º޿Ԫ廧һصǡ
˵޿Ԫ䭱Щס̰˹


61 
 Ļڴˡ
޿Ԫسϻ
ţһǸ䭵ģһȴʲôֲ
Щɻ ȴԼǷš
ţȴʧ
ʱգ ྐྵȻ̵ز˵һԨ䭲ع͹˼ ֻܺú÷չԼ ǳǰܣҲԼѡ
ŵĩβټһλ䵽˷ǵؿֲ ţ ȥֲ ũ£ȻΪ
޿Ԫһԣ 䭵ɫ̫ã ģŵӵ
൱ʱȱʲôĩ˵صͣ ӹ廧ո߳ҪҪ
űһַ঵Ĺͷ Ȼӹڹ
 ¹ر С
뾩֮ʱҲһЩո߳ Ӫ Щ˴඼ǹǼڲڹЧģֻ֣շתŲһЩͨ
ͷоסİѱ¼ӵ۲º֣
Щȴ־ͷůůġ
ðգΪҲȥµһ仰
Ȼũҵ˲ŵȴһڽ߾ܵΪ㡣
ЩԹ̣뵽ЩȴôҲԹˡ
£ѵֲܶ
ΣĶڼӵ۵֮¡
侲룬ִˣԸ⼱ˣ޷±סּҡ
ˣΪʲôȫĺð취
ԭּ֪ڲĸ̸ڵĹϵԼԼ֪Ϣһ죬뵽һܱȫּҵļƲߡ
ٴдһţ޿Ԫ͸ࡣ
һΣ޿ԪֻţҪ鱨վ
鱨վΪ̩̰ܹǱϰˣƽΪ鱨ҲԴӱĹ鱦ΣԶĳ𵽸á
ź޿ԪȥǵһˣټǼӾĹ
⼸죬䭵İ£ǵļѾⷻ
˵סȫɽЩǵļҾ죬Աٸƿǵ١
һӼ䭲ŷ֣ԼЩ⼸ǹϹȷʵЩ
һҪ⻬ܼ´կĹ˺ܶ๦ǿĥ⼸иԶĹȴǺĥˡ
ֻϧһĹڴʱıϣû;ҲûеõͷӡֻܿЩɵСá
һкéǶԳֵĸʮϤϵڰѿֵƷʡ
һɵóʹ
λһóƵһóۼ
֮£ЩЩƽҪܵ͵ũһУҪƷʵĸֲĴȫˡ
ıģ֧ӦԺҪԼ죬Ȼƿ
ˣȴؽһС
ǵı䭺˷ܡ
óģֱȥ˹ܵıָͳ
λڱﵥһұ뽽ʵңоҪЩʲôϣȵǡ
ȸ˵˽ܺоҪĸֹܣ̵õһĽ
޴ĺܲţǮҲھʱλǽһɾʮ㣬˱뷨׳Լȫ飬ȫȫͬβҪĸֹܡ
*
Ѿ䭵ĵϣҪ޷ǰúǵļˣøн޶а뼤
ֲȴ̫ôΪڷǵĵؽϣŵݱŵġ
˼һ鼳Ʊȥ¡
˵ⷮؽӲ˳ƱֱӽֲŮһ
ԭٰʮһһҲһࡣ
鼳ʱ̽飬ԷǺϤǺ׾ͨſڵӪеһͷװʿ߽˾Ӫ
ѻһڡ
ӪԭӪûʲôã˥ܣϱʿƼݣòӣﶳ촽࣬ϣ¶Ľ϶ǶϵضŽȡů
Щˣ鼳в¶һ˿ͬ顣
ԼҾӪк泯ʿıﲻܡ
ˮȵ̫ˣͬù
˼רѰžסһƬӪֲ̽ס
ֲ˷ԺΪĹգûܵŰؽ顣
˵ûйǮȴܳԱůһūҵġ
ɼʹˣֲҲûκλϲɫʮˣȴףֺݣһߵá
һ΢ӣһʳߣƺһжûȤһ㡣
Ң飬Էɡ
ôһ仰ͷ޶һ̶ˮ
֪ǿҪ˲ţ鼳ʮ񡣵ȵ극ֲʳȥܴˡ
ֲعͷĿ䣬Ǿ
ʲôˣ
鼳˿ܣ
һ˵
ΨһܽһģֲֻסǸ
ֲһۣתͷߣ鼳æȥ
һ߽ȥԭǸͷմֵСܾС¹һ㵽˽䣬ʮֺİӡ
ʲô¾Ϳ˵
ֲص
鼳óദҲϻżɽ
¸鼳ܴ֮λǧһȥǡ⣬һдŸˡ
˵ţдš
ֲչһĿʮеؿݡ
˵ϣܿķϣȥΪЧʵܻ֮һҰȣ޹ǵط
˿ûֲݣ൱ͼֻ÷Ȼζ
Ǹ˲ţһ㡣
ν˲ţøʲô³ȥʣŮҲûܱá
ȥǣصܽӵߣ;ԡ
⻰鼳ԤУæʵ
ܴ˴˻⣿
ֲȴûлش˼ֻ
˻ҲˣԳȥ˰ɣ
鼳βҲüֻõһ߶ˣȻ뿪ֲ
ȻֲʲЧϢֻܴӷؽˡ
̩ˣ鼳ǰؽï
ïƣ˵̩ˣֱͼԥش˽
鼳ûԼͼֱ˵Լֲݣղ˽յң˵ѣֲӵԼȥТ
С˵һ⣬Цɡ
鼳ֱ׵طǧƱһ̽Եļλ׷ӡ
ȻֲǮֲĵôҪôˣò׸Ǯ˷ѡȻǵСĴ۰ɴµġ
źƱʵĶïһ˿̰Ѻӷһߣһøӵ
ȻгģǱҲ˵ʵ˵Ȼܣй¶ˡ
鼳æǡ
ïصص
㰡ȫõǼܴڱԿίǰЩӸţ˼˵ǷֲԺȴҪƸģֻ񻹵ĥһĥӡԺܴǰ;أ
ߡЦЦܴҲǱİǲģĻȥɣ
֮⣬˻ܵ鱨ȻҲǲ黹Ʊˡ
鼳д鷳ˡ
ֲڻʵ˺ţұҲƺͶҪӷŪȥͲǮܽˡɾ̫ˡ
ïôƣҲΥʥּ
µϻȥ


62 
鼳ҴҸϻأ 䭻㱨һ
꣬һʱҲ
鼳ǰ֮ǰѺŵĽݿֲ
˵ũѧң κ֮ Ķٶɡ
һҶԣҪľĪʳ
ֲı£۷ﶼӦù䱦 Ҳϡȱ˲š
ӵڸλʮ꣬ ʲô޴֮
߾սϮʳȻԽ
Ϊ Ҳʶֲļֵ ȴΪŲ棬 ĥһĥֲ ̨׿£ ٴֲ
˿Ǽӵۻ࣬Լݿֲۺܸߡ
ٴֲ֤ļֵ ҲֲԽڱصá
Ȼӵ۷˻ úƽֶνֲӹͲ̫ˡ
Ȼˣ 취ֱ·ǡ
ֳٳٲ ã ȷʵǳûձ෮ؾĺʱ
г̻һˡ
ȫǴٱ ûоԵıҪԣɱԼˣҲȥը͹ĳǽȡģ㾡ȡ
ܿ죬̻Ҳˡ
䭵̵ţ̻µİѾŵ
˹٣ټ۹͵ʹͣСӰԼԵøˡ

߽鷿һЦе
ΪһѵĿ̫еӱǨٶȣֱ޺
ңڿ¸ɻþ
ǰиĸ޶ʧֻһܴ񣬾죬Լˡ߹ٺ»¡
׿˵ˣµĵɽͲЩо̵Ķͷָʹ
ڿ£ԼҲǸõˡ
ÿοɲڴ
εĲЩΣգҪȥǣɸȥ
䭿żɽʡ
ʲôط̻ſôãȻ֪ġ
ǳ͢ռĵط
˲Щ뿤Ӵľȴף˵볯͢ĹϵʵЩġ
ȥǽȥռĲ𲻴󡣺ױץסһԻڵЩĹԱֱӿɱҲпܡ
ѾһνĹǰԭҲԴȥƲġ
Ȼǽ뿤û˽ΣһЩȻ
ֻҪҪĩ͸ȥ
͸˵λˣ°빦ЧʱƾһſֱӲ߷֣Ѫоһǵ
ԽãͬǵԽ١縺Ĺо޴ļֵԸΪðգ
䭶ķӦ⡣
³ִ̻񻹲һ꣬ɴССѾӵ㹻ĵʶ֯
Ҳ̫ģǷؽ̰ƣ治ұץ㾡ܸǮǣģҲǮǡ
ο
⻰г̻ůůġ
ӣÿһʿǵˡ
ģҵȻСµġ
˵ţȴо浽һܻȻŵǻȥ˱ȥвĳ̶ȣ˽ᣬҲԸۿʹҵġ
˺ܿ˵£䭵Ҫ󣬳̻ܿʱһЩ
䭲еļȥƣ׼þ³̣㱨ȡҪľѣԱ
̻ܿ죬̶칦򣬱Ѿȥ˷ǡ
*
ǣɽǱߣ˸š
ԭľûʲôʵΪ۸ǺͿ˿۾ãмҾÿֻܳһٷ
ΪսҸҲʲôѩҲܳʳֻ˼һȡů
ؽïھкͳΪ֣ȫ¶ѣѾͷȶۣʿҾǶ͡
֮ǰҲΪֹ£ǿѹȥˡ
ïԬֶΣѪѹͬʱҲ֪ᰲǿʿʮĵľã񷮳ǵİʿȻˮȣȴûʲôӡ
ȻϽĻϱ췴Ҳû취ֻĬĬż뺮䣬ҵڴŶŽʳ
üҵֶ˶ꤵʱ򣬺Լֵһ𣬴һ󳵲ڲµʳüҿġ
ԭҲԭˣ޵˷ǣ·;ңԶԴӸĸһҲѵһΡ
ȻõֶǾȣ
챣ѩģôˣ
ʿ챣
ѩľûκǲھӼͻȻõĿˣױǵĹעЩ˷׷վԼ
챣Ÿ̽ͷ̽Եھӣ
ãôĿ˵۸ǣܶ˶ˣﶼǣ⺰ҹ͵
˵ţƿ˶ֳϵĲ¶ǵµ
ƣҸǴýȥ
ǶֳĸӵúΧھǣ۾ֱˡ
ԴӽǾҲûôʳ
۸Ǹ
ĴһٽڼꤵķǾУһʾ޴ĲƸ
øжˣű뵽
챣ô࣬ǳʲô
챣̴
İɹãԭɲ񷮳ôߵۣײʮһҲʮһԲϷ
⻰˻Ȼ
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɡ
԰۸û
챣
ûǰǲǻ׼۶ǵһʮһˣǶȥˣԭ󣬴طŰ۸
ۣǾеԸ⻰˺Ľ
ã
⿤Ĺٰǰ˼£
챣ص
ɲֹһ¡
˵ţͰѿɱԭ̰ؽȶԭۣʿľã߻ʳ͸Ƿ˶˵һ顣
ȫľмҾ춼þ۾ѻȸ
жһͷͳ֮µİպʿֱǹӰ
Ȼɱԭ̰ؽȰʿˮΪʲôɱǷǵؽأ
Ǽһ˿۾ãǿŮѹΰգһĸɱ
ԭı仯ܿھ֮йΪؾӪʿַؼ壬ִ˾Ӫ֮С
ֻ룬Թ䣬ʿȴǼѪҸʵжġ
ľãÿٷٶٳԱúʵ´˹зǮܷÿһǵײʿޱġ
ֻҪԭؾһͳ˧Լͼ˶ܹĺӣΪʲôɣ
ײʿѸٿʼ
ѹǰ֮ǵıܹüá
ûΪ汳ѡ
ΪҶ˵ˣ˾͵ÿɱĵĶŽö̫ˡ
ˣΪʲôҪΪһӬͷСıѴء
֮ǰǷԶŽжʧܣΪǲǿҵԮһоȫһˡ
˵ľӶܴӮӦ֮£¶ŽЩϱô
ײʿĴܿ˲Ϊɣԭ֤Ĵš
ԭУչȻúܺãмҾһգǿԣ˲١
УȻûܽӪȴܴ濴Щʿǽ׳ϴŵֺʵ£ϺõţƤס
һж˵ԭؾڻʳϣװϣǺ̫ˡ
ϢݻȥײʿǵͷˣһλȫĶӳ˾Ӫݷλ챣Ĺ裬ûãͨ챣ɵǱ鸱
֪鼳ݣȫжʱ˿
ֳĶпǱߵĸУ˵²һԸҲ·ǡ
ˣǵıǼ£ɹʾʹˡ
鸱֪ǣ̸ǳ˸裺
ǹ˳һӦԭؾͬ
ģʱж֮࣬Ҫȵʾ˵
ȫֻܻȥصȴš
*
ǵһ˳УѾ뷮ؾͷ鼳̻صԭʾһж
꣬һֱԭ˹˵ĿǰȻʵ
һ̣ôС
ἤֱ
Ϊͷһ׷濤СȲûӪʸϣͷҲǧԳﻹѧ˿̵ļ־裬ֻǿһֱû
οʻɲҪô
ɵúúץסλ
Լ֪ϢҪԭһշؾôЩؾԺԼˣȻԽСԽá
Ǳٳ£ЩؾҲҪӦս˫ҲǻвС
Ƿʲô취ֱӽǣؽïأ
˼ڤһ˸ð취
ĩ޼ɰղ˺ЩϵһƤúαװղ飬ܱѪд򿪳ţܶï
⻰ǰһ
ûˣȻܻ飬뷨ıϡ
ǵıöûϹս㲻ô˻ᣬһ
ܺãǴսʿȥͷɡ
ϲ
лĩУ


63 
ǽ ǾסԺ籩ǰϦһѹ֡
վĸŷͬضԺм䣬 ŷѩŵǸӰ
λʮԭǹٻ˼ҳ ѱ䵽ǣ󱻶Žǿ˷
ʹˣȴȫһŮһҪҪ ƺܿͽˡ
Ŵ˺ܳ谮 ȴѳҲӲΪԼٻ֮ҾĿ޳
ЩͬһԺӵ̣ũң ¥ǾӪľˣ δйɱ֮⡣ʱǾʱԮ֡
̬䵭 ȴҲ˸ܵء
ԣ֮У ûκΪϴֶЦ ССĥȴ費ʮ־ء
գλ侲ȴ˷ַ˴ʱүá
Ȼͬ飬 ȴ˭ҲóȻ顣
⽫У޸Ƽ Լס óȻ˵¡
ϵѩô ˶ô ֻ谮ĽϿ
Ȼ Ǻܿˣȴɫһŭģ
ȻѾӷ֪ǰһӾͳϳȥ
Ҫļˣ͵ȱ
ǰŮд˫ïֻԼ̬¶ĳǡ
ǰľƺֲĳŮշġ
ʱֲŵǲ£˵иˣȻױʵ򷢵ຮ֮أҲƣû̫ӣֻ򷢵Ӫ˸µȱǸˡ
˭ֲ֪ӹǲУһͲҪҪȱҽҩŮΪȸǰ
ʱ˵СƣŮ񻣬ƤѩףȻϴҲмòдżԺЩ˵̴ͬ⶯ǿҪ
Ȼһʼºȴƽֻףá
Ң˹ԾķϣӾӪͷ˴ֲ˸Ȼˡ
Ϊһ죬һūʲô
ֲú󣬵֪ǿҪŮȴҪƴ
ǡʱյ˱µּ˵ԺҪֲܳ˲⡣
ʱ鷳
ϴֻʵۻ˵ҪƸãر߹ض껹ֻǸƷ佫˵ֲǰ൱ԶܵĴˡ
ƫֲΪŮº
˼һһֱӽֲĳŮҢ̧ʱңϣЩºӡ
һʹֲ𣬿Ůķϣܰô˵ΪŮŮİ
˭֪Ңϴ֣ŮˣȻұȱȫ
һŮ˲ԸΪã
ǱɱĿ⣬ïԼϱ˽£ͷ㷢
ǾԺ𸴣ƲôҪ֪żҵĺԺԶӡ
ҪҪҪӣùԹţ
ˣ
ӣһһޣݺݵسļϣŮȻʹȴ˿ûĵ˼
Ѫ͸£һɢȾ󱳡
ŷ˵нȴԼɷС꾫ô״æȰ˵
ү
־ӸµضѾѩϵҢ
治ļүϴ
ҢϾʹҲѪȴǿѩվֱӡ
ӰѪѩй°ĺ÷
ˣη塣
ï۵һ̣ʵ͸ȥˡ
ֻǸ׺ûף˽
֪ܻ׺ߡ
ïãױʹ֮븴𣬲Żúûȥ
źε񳯶Ϸȥ
ҷеÿһ̶ޱȶģ˵֣Σ
ï׼ŭӾֳȥ
ãһǣƫҪĹͷ
˵žٴӣŮϳȥ
ԺٴʹԽԽȴȻûϢ
εڵصҢïŶ±ӣ
ɱˣˣҪܣ
һͨͻȻͷޱ
ʹֲΣŮѾˣѵܴԺ߲ɣ
ŵĲ´ЬģֻҪģҢвֲԹڲ
*
ɽݿŤ͵䭵ĴȻ漫άŵȻģȴʮֽš
һʼԳݣԼΪɣƷԱǻʵղ䭲Ҷ
Դ֪޹˼ɵؿɱԬһɽҲˡ
ԬֻǸƷ佫һ佫Ʒͱĳͣһ棬ԬļԶǿǱɣ⹫һƷ̫ʦлиϺľλ
ǿıλҲ˵ɱɱˣοⴿԼˡ

ʵʵ˸̬ʮֹ˳
䭽£Ȳ衣
ݿʵˣҲҺȡ
䭼״ɫص
ۼһ¾͹ˣ˿ؾȥžۣ
ݿдȻζؾǣæµ

䭵
ܻܲȥȡڽԼ
³ʲô
ݿΪԥ֪ܻȡԼƽԲ̫򵥡
ֱ׳
Ѳһ˷ǡȻˣûɱˡ
ԶȽݿҪ򵥣Ҳթ
ϾλӣǶ̶¾ܿһ¿һ߳ǵˣ¶Է췮ǣԼΪŰ֮ˡ
ʹܻؾǣҲ
ֻܴˣٶɡ
˶ˣӦƲʲôˮġӦ
ȴû뵽ԷɫݵؿãղŴž
˱ˣ˵ã㵨ұ¶κ쳣Ƿؽ͸¶ԭ֮£ƴ˲ҪҲ㵱ͷأ
ⷴýݿ˿
˲Զҡǡ
֮иǷǵҲϹӣ۳¡
Ծ˷ǣʲôƣҲ÷̾
Ժ£ѾˣӦҲֲͷϡ
΢ԴӦҲسŵ
ġֻҪ˳ű˽ǣ˰нͻؾǣ
̸֮󣬽ݿֵڶϵģȻǵиǷĲ١
˵ǴӵĻӪӢЩӣɱеĵǶʱȥʮ֮߰ˡ
򷮳ȥղѲӵ飬;վЪһҹڶ磬ʵִ˷ǵ֮¡
֪ղѲӣïһʼЩ
Ͼطèȥˣֱ۵ģղʿƼݵӣټҲĲӶԲϣȥºͷ
侲һ룬ղϾǾƷԱôٳû֪еŵðŵô˵ķͱƴ¡
ֻҪ׼ЩǮ´žܺŪȥ
ֻǿϧǮ
̾һֲֵǱ
˵ղҲֲ˼
ֲղǰǰȥ޵ؾһ
ֲʾܷǵ£ŷ
涼׼׵ڶһ磬ïϽһڸױ˳¥⣬ŵѲߵģȫϱװ档
һ·࣡ʧԶӭ
ɽݿïЩݡ
ھְʱ򣬶ïǼģʱλɸոΣ緢ɲӡ
뵽һ·;Ͷ٣ݿĳԲҲǿܵġ
Щû̫ע⡣
ϾǼݿģǱ˱ûĻɣ󷽷Ͱղӭ˳ǡ
ȴôҲû뵽˸߽ŵʱͻ
Ǹ潭ݿĽͷͻȻһ˽
Ƕï佫ȴҲǱԼˤˤϲӶѣһػûͱǹססȥ·
нرһԲΣΧһȦȾ˶ƣŻס飬ó¥ϵĹκβá
ïعȻ֣Լȫ˽İΧȦ
ʧɫҲ˲𱰣ʽݿ
ˣʲô˼
ݿҲɵˣôҲû뵽ȻؾĴٳؽ


64 
سʿ ԸͶ
õָŶïв
ǺԭԤͬȫֱؽϱ
ЩĴȻ˵ϼãȴԴ ҲȡûҪðŶķշѽ
ң Ϊϸѡı߾սȾϿѵȥ
ǲİ취һս⡣뿤ּ㣣 ȻҪġ
 ֻҪïţǾȲʤȯ
ɶïǾþӱ߹ػǿ̵ˣмֵʶ ȻΧĺܿ־壬 ȴ΢侲
вЩ ԼͶĳ˽
Էֻмˣ Լˣ Ψһĳĸɱ
Ͷ
һ
֪ĳؾʱվԭء
ïֿǸͷ죺
ٳֳ͢ؽǵԴĴٷ˱٣пɼ̣ ұһ
⻰Ȼ
ï ˿ʿã 鱨Կã ǿŮ ׮׮Ǵҵȣ Ǵ͢ģ
˵꣬Գ¥ϵؾ
ղڴˣ̰٣פͶͬ۴
ؾֿʼԥϾղ䣬ŵҲʵʵĽӶŴ˵Ļ᲻ᱻ͢ɷ
ïȻǲľôʧǰ̣ЩûΪؾֱɱԽˡ
ǼðղҲҪţЩðߣÿɱһ˻ܻһˣǮʮᣡ
ǶӺùЩϱ˵ʮǮҲǸĶĴĿˣ±˴ӳ¥ϳ˰ε
״ٵڶïĲϣȵ
˭ǰһұɱ
ؾٴζס˽ŲϾïŵٺˣҲ˸Ƕ֡
ïȴԽǰĽͷֻƣŲһηЦ
ֻмˣɱңҲҷؾΧˣ
ïԶĶЩܲķؾ¶Цݣ
Ĺۺúÿ˭˵ֻм˵ģ
ï˳Ťͷȥ㿴ǧ˵ķؾ
Ǻܿ쵽ǰͷ߶λͳ
ʸ¿ָʹ
¶ƵЦݣ
£ȫӳ
ûָʹҸɡ
ãǸϿ³ţҪ󲿶ӽˣ
⻰ǧĵײؾʱһȷϿĻǿǷˡ
Ļ̽ŰΧ
ѹѹǧǵײؾï־ŭǳ
󵨣Ҫ췴
û˵꣬ͱֱסͣȻֶųϵؾ
λϵĽʿţ̽еͶͳ͢׷Ƿŵ𣬻ǽھеĴһǰǲɱ⣡
ɱҧøأұɱ⣬˲
ŵؾӭղϱܹٶˡ
ͱǶ࣬ӪǧʿҲͶǣռŵƣҲȻزסš
ɵľ棬˭Ҳװ
οղų͢ǹ˳Ȼġ
ңǰĽҲ˵ˣͶ󲻻ᱻ׷𣬻ܱǰĴˣ˭ȥƴء
ûãؾ㲻ս
ݿۿǵڽǲһ̵ʱų¥˲̱ڵء
군ˣˣ
ʹӦЩؾҲûô׹뷮ǡ
¶ԴӱͲ¼ɽ䱸ȴӶһ߳ǣ֪֪Ҫŭεȳ̶ȡ
뵽ӵ۵֮ŭɵñغޣ
ҪңҪҰ
״Ķҡģ̵
˷ʧķˣȥϢ
Ǹ̻ذѽݿȥ
סţҲûôֱ˿ӱȥʮ֪ͨ
ߺûãʹǧԭؾǶˣڵĽݱء
ŵһʱ󣬸ոʱг¥ϵʿ㱨
ָʹˣ
ڳ¥̽ͷһȻǳزԶдĿĽɫ뷽Ӳسǳض
Ȳȥǰ˷ܣ
ˣȥӭӿ
żױԼȫܳȥܿǧ䭽ͷ
ĩѾ뷮ؾһؾӪ
Խ¶͵Цݣ
úܺã
ǫص
ȫָӵõзǵͬǶ
ʲôָߵ˽ܵλǷؾеȫӳ
ȫԣæֿ˸ͷ
μ
˵˴һֱԿ˿ɱľʱ־
ͿľӱǷؾȫһ
ľǰôǣ
֮ǰָʹ˵ˣкüӣо֮ߣ浣Ŀῴǡ
ţо첲һһº͵У
ȫӳض񣡡
̧ͷײһ˫Դº͵˫
ϵᣬȻ˵ºͣȴȫκβ֮ĵ
ֻǴҴҿһ̵ۣͷ
ڴ䭵ͬʱҲڴ
ǰΪ˲𷮳ؽĻɣûԼλ쵼˷ؾĶӳ
ǵһμ
Ǹʮϱִ󣬴õӣŶ̶̵ĺӣһ˪Ĳɣ
һӳʵɼïµͨʿʲôˡ
һײʿȴڶïϽƤӵ֯ǧ֣Ϣڵײʿ֮ȫǺмֱµġ
ײʿǵĿаȱ˲š
һԽˡ
һΣܺƽ·ǣµĽʿǹûҲҪԭؾһ𣬳Ϊƿطǲǡ
е֮⣬ȫеʱƽҴΪܣҪڿǰֵ˼

˽ⷮǣͳǧʿװԭؾ뿤Ӫױжǳ˳
֪ïѾΪ̰īղ뿤Щϱ־ûãȫǵĹؼλö´ȡ
һһ䣬Ǳȫ䭵ƿ֮¡
ȷȻƿȫ֣ŴӪ
һӪʿһǰУϡ
*
ϵؾˣʵȴֻһǧˡ
ڶïϱֻһǧȫҲֻǧˣģֻǻججͨʿ
ԭǶԣҲֻ̼ܶĺͨһ졣
ͻȻõϢղãеȱµȱͷĸλ滻ھӪнճ
ϱ뿪ûãӪбͻȻһЩͬȫĴ˽Գ˾ӪֺҲ֪Ҫȥʲô
ǳȥ󲻵һʱżϱ˾ӪͬʱһӪģоеĽһɽ졣
ЩƽߺĽ죬ȴǱһŽε˰Żġ
һʳȥͬǲ֪񷮳Ѿǲռ죬ЩƽѹǵĽǶᱻá
ܿ쿤ͻŴӽǣӹǡ
ܴ˵λʵ֮ɾл˽ܹ˲
ٷʲôңƾ׶
˵ˣǰɳϣҲҷ
Ͼ˵УͳطҲӦõġ
УſǰһſЩװǿ׳Ļκη˼
Ǳűһ̨ϵĿ¹ΰݣһֻſɱʲôҲǣȴû뵽վ˵ת۵㡣
վƽｫѵĸ̨º͵ؽȻ
ïȽ˿۾ãѹʿãѾȫȻ֪еУṫ̴ӽǱǱµľˣ
ȫ˶ïʿǶʱ¶˷ܵɫ
ˣ
Ը鸽Ը鸽
۸ߺ
΢Ц̧ʾⰲȻּѵ
ڴˣǱֻ֤Ҫһ죬ЩӢ۶ɼѪᣡӽ󣬱ǳԱůı׼ȡǮ
⻰ʱͨʿǴΪ𾪡
Ҫ֪ʼѡΣյ飬ǱŸ߶ľġ
˭֪ûã㷢ǶǾлˮ£ֲˣȴҲûкҩɳԣֻھпذӡ
˵𣿻ָı׼
ǵľֱܷһ
ôõܶ𣿡
ԱЩ뷴ѵʿȴ˿ɣֻظˣΪ֮ȥԭǱʿձ״̬ġ
ңոſǵģҲԭؾִ·ϣǱ˴й̸ȷ˺ܶ¡
ͬǵɣ̴ӻ
Ȼģ˵Ļû𣿡
԰˼ԭؾǰһԲů챻ϹѹԴӱӹܺӹÿɺˣ㿴һö׳ʵɫӵģԭؾ
ǾԿɿģ˵ǮһǶǮ˭ҿ˿˭͵õԴ
ÿܳٷٶٶܱܳһ⣡
Ҫ뿤ĻӪǴ·ЩˣǵĴã⣬Щ˻Ϊأ
ͬۿȷ˵ϢȻȲ˽ĿΪɿЩû뷴ѵͨʿǣҲڴ
һʾ˰
ййطԣսзֻ͡ҪǸƴɱƾ֮Լͼ˹ϱůӣ
գԷؾĵһͣǶԽոȫӳӪһѹǧʿȫΪʮӪӪָʹཫʿÿ˽һǮ
һǮ
ʿ׷ײĿǱȫͳľӡ
оÿ˿۵Ծϵȱʿ˵ϵľˡ
ȥһˣͶ෢ôǮ˭ܲĽ
ֱԼĻӷǴӪĿⷿ˼ǮֱӵŽ͡
ǳһǮõ͵ʿϲЦտʿ׷¶Ľûڵ
䭺ǵķӦ׷Լˣ͸õʾЧӦ
ּ
ԭߣػš³ǰһͬʣԭеģǵļҲСʮڣؽƽۣܳԵ𷹡ÿĶأ˰ֵҲ½
ҪģǽɢȥúóԶٱӽ𣬸汾ָĶͷѵؾ;棬𣿡
ʿȻǷ׷״Ӧǡ
շǵĵһգûؿǣ˵ЩɢȥԷ
ʿմ򷹵ĵطԶԶľŵζ㻹㡣
򷹵ʱ򣬾Ȼÿһͷһ㽴˺һˮǱȰƻͷһղˣڣƮܼͻ
ƮżˮԼʢ
ïţӪУϱҲÿԵôõĻʳ
ðͻĲˣͷ¶ǣʿֻԼĶǰδеسʵ嶼ⷹ˸ȼԶɢĺҲûôˡ
ӿɰԺ󾭳öã
İɣҶʹԭؾˣĻʳһ٣ƽû⣬ˮеģÿٵͷҲҪǲһ
ǿ̫ˣԺ󶼲ˣ
ǰ˵Ѿ˽ˣҶܴů͵·
Ǹ˭˵ôһ£˰𣿡
֪ÿĶأŮٶ졣ֻ˰ͷһֵʱ򻹷ӣũߺأ
ôÿҶܷһʮĶءֱõһǰЩүϿҪ߳ӵģ
ѹֶ˵ʵأɲôĸүûЩƽͷôù
ǿ˼£˿
ѽ֪Ҳȫӳȥˣɾ͵һǮ
ȻûõǮһǵ˵ſðһӾͷˣ
˭˵أ

ʿۼһһ߳Էһ˷ܵŸδߣеĴ϶ҸЦ⡣
ֲԼӪ췹ʱ򣬿ıδйĳ档
ï˵ղҪ׼˵
ǵܣֱ˰˾֮С
þӪֺģԶҲ֪׷ʲô¡
֪ʲôʱ򣬾ǰʿҲˣСŮ˵ˣ㽫ŮԼȳ췹
ôҲû뵽ԷʱӪأ쾹Ȼֵͬ˼Ұϲһ
ʿϵľʧˣϲ۾˹⣬ƺͻȻ֮Ͷδϣ
˵̫󣬵Ǹ̸ۣ˵ʲôֻÿʳֵƵʺܸߡ
ֲԴԺѵõضŮһֹעɣԵĮüͷ΢壬ӪصĿһɻ
ⷮؾӪ׷ʲôˣ
ɻȥ췹򷹵ĻҲϲɫС
Ӫзʲô£ҲǻӰ쵽Ůģ˼Ƭ̣ĵʳԼɻ
һȵؿ
֪쿤ӹǷǴӪ˰
ֲеʱһЩˮ˳ȥ
ӹܷǴӪ
ÿһֶףȴÿһֶͬǧʯڵ档
⸽Ŀλӱûбˡ
һʵ۲¼ɷʲôȨӹܱ߷ؾӪ
˵Ϊλӣʲô


65 
ȶ˾ģ ΢ſʼֲ¡
鼳㱨Ϣ ֲ״̬˹ ҲδĸԸΪá
һڽǰ;زۣŮΪԼԵʻһ ϵĴ˱Ȼϡ
˵ֲ־ڱصã ȴҲҪǿϸڹĵ޸ġ
ܼҸŮ˵Ϊ֮Ҫıžۣ иȫĻ ҲŮӼ¡
ֲ̫ ûټֻ˰СŮһѾĽ ŮҢžۡ
 ֽһ̶˴ιڷǻ㽫⡣
˵ȱЩѶһ棬ȷʵһѺ֡
ԭһսͺΣ Ӫ䡣̶µѵµĻӪٴαģ
Щ ǰǲսδõΣ ѵҲȽϳɫģ ÿˡ
 ʱҪĶӳְλ䶯 ײʿĴģʱֻҪһٶŶӳͷ
ͲҪǵЩ˵սѵɼÿ֯
һУǵܽͷ˽
ȻǰƽµĻĵ㹻ࡣ
ҲǶһο顣
ҪһЩͷЭѵؾЩ˺ʣдһ¸ҡ
ҪԼЩ˵Ҫ󣬱˵Ҫ˼׼ȥ׼
ߺûã㽫뷮ؾӪⷿСˡ
СӱĽߵģΪĽ̵д㣬Ҳ飬㱻ˣҲ˹
ѾһĿˡؾӪⷿʳʮǧٰѣƥһǧƥǧףҩٽ
ҶŽϲ鳭˺ЩƱƱиɫ鱦䣬ǸͰ
ĬĬһ£ʣ
ЩʳƷΣ
С˷ܵصƷʿɱȵԭǱߵĺöˣʳʳãͷһף
ʮ⡣
Ҫ֪ԭӪ鳭ʳȫǳ׳൱һֻ˳ģһַùȫ޷ʳá
ôô
Сǵ
ץݹ˵Ƕï˵ϱ˻֣ǰΪľڳ߼أеļ̣ĶҶ
΢΢üïʲôǮ׬
սǼҲ鳭ˣһڳпʩ㣬ȫΪаʩࡣȾеľ·ٿٰƽۡ
ȱҪܶ˼ҶûǮȾȼá
ĳϣïҲ˼¡
ʵѾ㹻Ǿһˣʱôط
ԸСóаյ£һЩ£˯
ڶһ磬ȴ˻ȭԹ緹ȥؾӪӲ˲صױ㱨˵ѾȺ˰ʱˡ
ԿһۣڣȻǰҹġ
ȵվǰ
Ҫдˡ
䭴һװõĲӣϸĶ
дúϸ£ÿһҪˣѫΣ˳̴ƽڶӵѵɼΣдһ
еĴƽʱ۲쵽Ľ۴룬ɼƽȷʵĵġ
һΣڶ˼⣬ͷԼӡڵ
дĲͷ֪ͨȥɡ
ȵ̲ס̧ͷ
¡
ȫţ¾Ȼϵѡûκηԣⲻ൱ڽǴӪĽѡȨ
ʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷ۽ȴЩʪŵ
ֻû뵽»Ը£
ΪΪϽǼ±㳹ԲŽ鼳ίΣΨֻܼССĻӪ
кЦº͵ؿ
˵ʲôɵҵˣô᲻㡣ǲǵûȥ
˵ţվǵļʾο
˵ˣ鼳˵İţйأȴΪʺϡܽͷλΪ˲ţһҪ𣿡
ѵº͵ض˵ֻеίһӿȴ˲ɢˣֻۿ̵ܡ
ʲô˵ֻܺݺݵͷȴǰδе
ԭ²ǲֻǽ鼳ǲͬˣһҪĵѵӪʿǲǡ
ǿδ˲Ŵ⣬ǳҪʧ
һյɥ緢뿪Ҳܸˡ
ʮָг̣һó̶ȱ㲻һ
ˣһֱģϣΪЩĽᣬɢ
ͨúԼóֵٺòˡ
*
ߴͬʱռ췮ǵĵ磬ֲŮ˱㱻͵˽
֪ѾǣֲΪҪټЩִ
Ů٣ϻ˶ûʲôøУΪЧˡ
ߵŷʿֱȥ˺Ժ
ˣܴСˣչűȽϺáܴʲôҪֻܷԸԺ˱ǡ
⻰ֲʱżҲ˲ô£̼Ҵҵ̤˷䡣
Ů֮䣬һ·ѣ粻񵱳Ϊʱܻ䣬СŮֱҵĴǰ
һ߽ŮԸſڴϣԴͷϣ˫ĿգһСҰֽ촽ҲɵƤԲòᡣ
ֲʹѣɳɤӺҢȴҴ
ҢӣʱԼĶׯŮ䵽˵ز޷ϵ˿ڣһѪ
㣡
СųҢȴĵ˹ȥһĶͷ㾪е̣ڷգ
⵽ô£ҢΪʲô˵ôأֲеʵ
վһߵѾԭźҢģûѺΪչҢ
ֲʻæǰ͵
ǰﱻүһ٣ȫǺıˣ⼸һֱڶ϶طա
ֲʶ㣬Ȼ֪˻գвǺ޼˶ï
ǿŮˣȻ˿
ȥҽ
ʱ˲׷ï֮ǰŮκá
Ѿȴ
ǰѾ˾ҽͿҩͳԵҩƺĴ־Եҩιȥ
ֲƵʹǿʵ
ȥҩι
ʱЩչҢʲô˼ˣԭҢѾ⵽˵ز
µҩܿСŮŴŮһСʱǽιҩʱһȰһ߸ҢιҩŰҩιȥ
ҢȻ˻ԣȴվǱ˵ҩˡ
ҩһãֲСŮҢǰһһҹҢĸղȥ
磬
Ң
㣡
Ң۾㿴ޱǣҵĸ׺á
ãôˣЩص
֪ĴѾȫ׽㣬Ңĵ𽥱ˣ͵
ïǹղץˣչġ
ղ֣ҢһϲҲһ˿ȣ
ղΣ
Ң
ǽһֱչ㣬ûղȴʮŴǶ׼˺ܺõķ䣬ѾչǣһӦͣ
⻰Ңбŵǿи̬ȣζŸԺǰ;ʲô˰ɣҲٵˡ
Ÿ׺ϵƣ㲣
ãѾûˣǿȥϢ𰾻塣
˲߲ڴǰչһһҹȷʵʮƣˣֲҢпɣҲȥϢˡ
˭֪ҹչҢѾȴŵش󺰣˵ϵԾˡ
ֲæϹŮķ䣬ѾҢϵİȡҢɫϣ֪
д򣡿ȾҵŮ
ŵش󺰵ȫʧȥƽĮ侲
ΪҢĲѾתеĴѾص˾ӪҹҪ룬ȻҪͨ䭡
е䭵ֲ֪ӣҵ󣬸Ͻ䭱档
䭸˯²ãĻ㱨һԸ
þҽ̸
Ϊ˷ûκ˶׼ţˡ±Ҫ
ȥҲ˯ˡ
ν˷ˣ֪ЩӷﱻȳŮӣܶ඼Ϊ޷ԼĹȥѡԾ
ڵһº󣬺ÿν˷ˣоȻŮӣ˸עȶЩ㽫ͻǵĿ߹һݹ˭Ҳʶǣ֪ǵĹȥܽʼµ
ҢԭҲעŵģɵǰһ裬ʮȶ˷˭֪ȴǳ˲ѡԾ
ֻϣһжü
ϵʱܼҵСŮҢʹޣҢѾ˹ȴңһ仰Ҳ˵Ȼ־ġ
ֲǰϵشԼ
ҢǵĴҪ־͹ңҪô˺Լ
ˣ
һϷƬ̵ͣ
ֲʱܹ˵һ̫ԸĿֻһۣעȫص˴Ůϡ
䭿Ңɫ֪ѰͷһΣ´ҲȻܳ˲ٴѰ̼
Ȼرһ£м仰뵥С˵
ûܷ䭵ֲҲֻܲʲԸ¡
˲ֻʣ䭺ľȻڴͷҢ
СʲôҪͷԼףȻʡ
⻰Ңϵ˲
ҲԼдֻǲú͸ߡ
䭵
ֻһԸ뷨ΪǻΪܡңھ֮ûһͷǼǿίߣ븸ȫ踺أͲΣʲôɳܣ
Ңͷ΢ȣδΪӵĿ˵һ
˵̫Ȼ·쾭ˣ̲סҪ˵ˡ
վʵĬһص
ֻпһ˻ΪǣҵʹѾɣûҪΪԼ۸׺õˡ
䭰Ȼ
ֻһΪҲ㹻ˣһˣԱӻȫȫ
⻰֮еİţҢȻһְȫͷһؿǰλĿῡȴɢ۷ķɣдȡ
Ŀƽ͵ؿ˫ֵȴûκαرܵɫ
С㣬Ϊļֵֻ˵𣿡
Ңһ£ʵ
ֻǸСŮӣȻʲôأ
䭵
ڣҲʲôǰʱĻͬŮӣȴ齨ӾӹأǧŹҵȻΪβҵĸΪ
񲻱ҵصª֮û㣿
Ңǹʫ鳤ģ۽ʶͬһŮӣǳŮһֱã֧żθС
ҵص⻰ͬشڹϣȻҢеĶ־
𽥵ȼ⡣
ľ
䭼ᶨص
ֻҪ룬ܡҲΪṩܼ֧֡
һ˻ȥҪģҵֵ
Ң˼ã֪뵽ʲôеĹâ𽥼ᶨ֧Ӵ΢΢һ
л̻壡
ֲ˵õصҵʱ򣬱㷢ԼĳŮ˵̬ĿѾ˳ͷβĸı䣬Ϊ֮ǰѰŵǵǸ
ֲȻ֪ŷʲôȴͷһζλϻЩм
Ƿһݶ飬ټǰദ飬ҲɲΪЧˡ
ֻǣŪλӵĴ㣬ȷԼΪṩεȳ̶ȵ
ٺŮڶһ磬䭡
ãЩϲ˺ò裬
λʳ䵭̩ȻغѣɫƽͰ˿û´治֮µĲ뼱ȡ
ֲ̲סʵ
ʿð֮踴ӶïжȨΪ
Цſһۣٵص
ȻΪ˶ȡܴⲻģ˭ǰïʶȤء
ֲֻûϸһ룬ǱԭСûʲôҲشҪĹذʿҲ
ûʲôֵλʳӸðʵ۲¼ɽķգҪ¡

֮ǰλȷʵ¸ǰ˵ïؽҪ
ֲд
ԡΪ˴£
־˻ɣżѹδĸϷӹ
λƺķǳϿĲܣԲŶºͣŮҲػ
ʿΪ֪˲֣ЧҲӦġ
һˣ֪ǰͷ£Ůһȥ
ѵ±½
˲ĹǣһЦµţ
ֲסһ仰Ӳް֮¡
汾ǣ㿴
һʮԶȻеһӻǰԸ
ܴʾһҾס
һʿӦǣȻǰЯĲͳһԲεûӵȼȫһʯͷ˹ȥ
ֻصһ죬˲ʯɽɢȥʯͷ㱻ҳ˺ܴһƬǳӣǻѪ֮˻롣
ֲľôҲû뵽λȻ
µƥ켸޶ԵķӦȻǾǴģʹõġ
ѹ˿»ʵ׷
̣ܵģƫһԹ
ƺûǰ⡣
óϷ˸
ɿ³㽫СŮи
Խ֣ص
С


66 
֪¹˾ְεأ¹ЩȥΡ
سǵ·ϣ ֲǰѯʵ
䭶˻̬ЩȣЦ
˵㣬ȻһҲ᲻¹˰
ֲ
̧ ¹ٲҹ
δ֮ȴǣȻԼŮǵϣ ȻϣԽǿԽáŮǲ㹻ȫ
Щص˼
䱻ñ߽ľ˵ȡֲΪȻ̬ȣԼܸоԻʵ۵֮ġ
ܳɹ λͼ˺ҵı£ ҲᵽΪ׶֮ʹ
Ե
񵽴ѩҲһʱԭ΢һȥµġ
ֲ΢ůĺܹ
 Ϊˣ ͸ҪЩµũɣչ ŶԵԼӡ
ũʱݵȻ봺磬 ¹ٶԼ֮һ֪ ٲҪЩ׼ѩЩҲǰ˽⣬ˣƶ֮ߡҪ׼Ķ Ҳ׼һĴſЧ
һ Ҳе Ҳǿ⹤ǿˣ Լİǰ˵˳
ҵר ǶŻ˷ѡԱ˾ְκһأ ׼һũ˾Ϊ˾ũƹԭǣԭũ¡
ǰͷĻֲþȣȴǱ䭺ͷ赭дһʴһʾסˣ
ӡԭ
׺֮ܣ¶˭˲֪ԭǱӸռ˵ĵط
ͨѶ䲻ռԭ֮䲢δ⴫͵
ǰѾºԭȫȫִ񣬺ԭڱ¡
ֲѾ˪էȻϢҲˡ
׺ޱȡ
Ԩĵֱָʮ򾫱뱱ִƽ֣ס¼߲ͻƣżոЩӵͷѾǺܲˡ
ãһï˶Ʋϵǿʱжٱ
Ȼڶ̶̴ʱڣڶʳֲ˴ĺԭ˻
ѹеԷ˵²ҰܣοЩб䣡
ֲ𺳲ѣ֪ʶƺײѡһ˲õ
оγ֮ܣ
Էθظп
䭲Լһ˲£ƽص
ˡ֮ȡʤѡҪɽȹ̣÷֣񸻱ǿ˲κС
ֲŵȻǰеῤи͡
ڱԹ԰ȡ˴ĳɾҲ꣬λдְ
ʳǹ֮ʶҲϧ·ҲҪóũµĹԱ˵ԶĿġ
ģ¹һ߾ܣȫ
͵Ŀ˵ܽɽӣǸ߸ϵļӵ۴ϳ
뵽⣬ֲֻȫ¶˶־
*
صǣ䭾µǶȥ֪ͨ飬ũ˾ֲΪ˾ũĵũ°ţҪǲ
ֲ׼Ҳչֳȫֵ֧̬ȡ
ֲҪ֣ϣᾡ
ֲĵһҪ󣬱ϣܸһЩʿȫһȦ
ʵȥЩطжٸأʵũֲʲôʲôֲˮΣʸʲôȵȡ
֮Ҫеطũȫһס
䭼ǵܵкοֲרҵ˲ţũ΢ˡ
Ϊֲûк֮ǣֲһʿİȫİ֮࣬Сչӣǵ䣬һΪ塣
¡صжֲжѣԽ¶һҪɳɼ
ҲûʲôҪʰ׼·ͳȴ
ïãձҪߣ
һµĵָ̣кܶࡣ
İ֮󣬱Ҫϵͳ١
Ҫģ磬ֻоӵķˣ۳սԼõյĺø֧֡
䭴Ӷï׶ͷ
δֲʡ
Ȼնס
ֲһ
ȻѶþ¹ٱûʲôĵˡҢϣȥų촦
ԣ֪Ƕͷûʲôˣ˾Ƿۿν
ǧԸȥᰲŵġ
ȥʹҢĴҪȥ
Դˣ䭲̫⣬ŮԼᶨһŮһѪȣۿ˷Ǻ¡
ǣ˸˽뻤ڶȥֳۿ
һ죬̵Ĳп̳ɽ˺
ԭľٱͷ˭ܲοǰմ඼Ǿ죬ǵļھпïٵĴĥ
ڷʩİ඼ʵĶïסͣʵʵѺ
һдоǰȥŶï״
һǿ˿۾ãһǧʿһĵ˶ֻõһãʿǼ档
ڶǳԿãϱ͢ϣǱӦˣʵֻһǧˡ
Ǻ̧ۣ¢̧̣ۣʹðء
֮⣬ǿŮѹգɱʿ
Щ£аǷ죬ŭˡ
Ƕ˿۾Ͳֵ֪Ǻ̧۵ף͸Ƕ֮ǡ
Ƕʱ䣬ж˶ˣЩ˶ģ
뵽ȥ뵽˺޵
ɱɱ
վȻʵ
ï֪
ïŵĴֲ
԰յķߺޣï֪Լ޽п־ȴҪŴ󺰣
Խǳ͢٣Ȩ˽ɱң
ָһ㶼⣬Դǵص
ɱ㣬ѵǮȥϵλף˵ӦøĻ𣿡
ٹ໤ڰǳʶĻȻǴ
Ӧã
˺
뿤Ϊɱ⹷٣Ϊ˱𣡡
̧̧ʾ˰Ȼ
ҷģֻҪһգȶң⣡ҪɱïҪʹĴС٣ٷؾؾ֮У˸ѹͨʿգ
⻰Χ۰Ǿϲѡ
˵µʿúãû뵽ͨҲôά
ƽʱûٱïЩ۸ïһ죬Ǻް취˸ԩĿĿɽˣ
ʩ࣬¶עˣǰӵĸĸٰ
Ӣ
֪˭ôһ䣬նźһʱɽХ
ںУֻĲʵĶïͷء
ţһ
գʿԵļٴپдСĶУ̰ǿ飬ɱ˻˲ߣΪ⡣
иʩദԱߣ˺üٵǼǴ
ټ϶ï׶ȷȷʵʵͷأеİǶ׳˵ԩѹĶ׷ӿ˼ٵǼǴ
Ҳͬߡ
һʱ䣬ЩĽǸսľȴ˿ûа취
ΪԴµĶͷӪУѶͷϽȫѺˣΪľ޷ȥЩߡ
ȻЩ֪д棬ûµģȽƽ
֪ΪʲôǾţΪʿͰһĿ֮ܲԩ
ʵ֤ûдλ
*
鷿֮УڽӼҢ
˼գѾ´ߣȴΪ֮¡
ȥͷЩųӵļٴҢЩǣӦѡ
֮У˶ǻˣʿգҲ˶Ļơ֮ʢУ˲ϹĴЮ˽Ҽô죿
⻰д˼Ц⡣
ȻûҢŮһϵïĺԺףҲȻЩԺܼİ
ֵЩе޹١
СԺеԣڼٴҾٱܸ۴мٲУٱȽ϶Ľ٣˳ȡһصĽе飬ʵԴʵ顣
ٽٵģҪÿ¶ʵ˱ܸ档
ԭµͻӪʿҲ˵ġ
ҢЩܵķţʱЩ죺
Ůˡ
ȴ
뵽ЩҸ߱Һܸмһ˼ƶ˼ƳҲܷ涼ȫ˵´Ľ飬Ǳû뵽ˡ
Ŷº͵Ңסڽۡǳͨģÿ˯ţѾ߳߶ܿ鷿ŵơ
Ҳ첻ˣȭ󣬱һ춼æµϢʱʱ
ϼ縺ʮ밲Σܲ龫أ
ȫңԴһֱĸ׻ָ˾ö˰ȫǵһֱԼҲܰЩʲô
Ȼûܰﵽô˵һ㶼ˡ
˵ģԽҵҲʲôԼһҵ԰£
*
ʮʱ䣬ڽڽǵĴҲˡ
ɱˣǿһɹնף1˲Уƣ̰ȫ͵ԭȥۡ
ᣬïµĲν󲿷ӪָʹȫմȾ̵
ЩʮɱǿĶͷһ𣬱ڷؾӪſڣӪİգӪڵʿɱ˸ͷ
ɱˣ˵ȵо䭶ͷۿ̵ȫ彫ʿѵ
֮У˶ƶû˱ǸͨյĿദϣµľӣǰյ֮ʦλʿģӴ԰ΪΣ
֪Լ֮ϣԼ֮ףǰգ˰գôʹǲڼңҲ˰ǵ޶С
ƶȻ棬ΪһһƤ԰ͨղˣѹʿղն׵Щǵδ³
һ䣬ӪΧ۵İȽ
Ҫǰδţ˭ϣԼƽĶЩүأ翤˵Ķǣǿ̫ˡ
ܲܵŰյ棬Ҫµıķ涼Ϊˣ
Щ򿪳ӭӿǵĽʿǣһ£
ӪڵʿҲӦ
Ŀ࣬ÿղ࣬ҲɱеĿ־壬Ϲٵѹ
һһϹ٣˿ã˵ţʹһҲ޷ľ
ƶȣǾڲΪ˵ˡ
Ȼ˿£ӾԽԽùˣһжǳϣ
ЩܼסߵĽǣҲȫָԭλͳԭµľӡ
ű߷ȥ۵ͬţԼһֱļ֣Ҳмſû֮ܲԩ
һдԼڵļƶȣؾķΪ֮һ¡
ԻӪζͷӪָʹԼ䭵ԼලҲǴӪѵ졣
ڽǵһ˳ȥԭѲһˣطǴܼҽöһصǿ
ӦֲҪչ˱ŮȻǲὫǵڷǣҲܴǶܣԻͻؿտȽϺʡ
ΪдŻȥ£߹Դ˲ȣڸڸʰסĵط
ͬΪŮӣ߹˵ҲδϵĴֱֳκ
ֻ˵ԺǾסԱߵԺӣȱʲôǧҪҪίԼ
ǵЩ·ΣȴţٰŲ÷
ϸµС£䭾ʹδ뵽
˵ܵкǸп
ССһҲǲסֻ˿ãòΡ
ܳɳܹһ£Ժ󲻹鲻飬Լס
˵Żͷ
¹ˣˣǱֲ̫
䣬ԭн϶;һЩҲöһЩ˵Իϴ񵽺ûãְ¹ǣһ˺Ǯȥ·Щ
ȥ˽һ£ǽջˣǳɹķᡣ
⻰΢΢ü
ôֲڣ
񿤳ڵģǧˣüвĵ
͵
ؿǵǼǵֲش˵ĩβģɳȥ˰ˣʶֵҲ࡭
⵹е㷸ѡ
ϴΰ񣬱Ǵʶֵģʱֻһǧˣεȫһ
ƫƫָĩõҲ޷ȷʵЩ鷳
ʶֵѾСжˣ
ıǴӿˡ
߹룬
ˣʶֻд˲࣬Ҳղ˼ˣȥ㣬Ҫӳе̻Ҽҽ輸˷
Ҫͷ߹ߵҢˣ
Ůи취ô鷳֪ǷС
֪Ǹϻ۽ŮӣԵ
˵˵
Ң
һͬЩãкЩǹٻ֮ˣСѧܼңд㣬ҲҹһˣҪǲȥ
⻰䭻Ȼûһ㡣
ʱ˳ѷǾӪӪˣЩɱĽټԸŵ檵һˡ
ټҾҪһףҲԼӪֶŮ˵ڲпᣬʿ˵ҲܲĴڣЩȫ˻׼֮ǰһǰһơ
Щ˽Ӵ٣̫˽ǣû뵽л˲š
¶һȺģƶ࣬Ǹͻȥʶֵķǳ٣úðЩ
ң鹤ͺʺƵŮӡ
⵹Ǹð취Ͻȥˣ׼һ£汾ȥžȼɡ

Ңģѵõһ˿Ц⣬˸Ųؽȥˡ
л˵
1ǿڹŴܶ೯Ҳһ趨


67 
ū͵ģ ݣȻֻ߲ţȻһרŵԺ Ĺá
ʮݸŮӾۼһ ΧżȡůȴĴ߶էȻһİĻ ǿ߲ʵĵط ж
Ȼ˵ûȥĿԸһǣǰŻƣ ȴ֪׻ᱻʲôơ
һжδ֪ģ ǵҲûȥ֪̽Ϣ
˵ Ǵûпܰշ
һһŷӵŮ̲סȿڵ ܿ Ⲣһ̫гǸŮӡ
ڴһޣͶ䶼ɢķŮص
ʲôأǵ֮ˣ λȨأԺʲôľɫûУ ҪЩ¥ˣ
˶¥ еĽС檣 Ϊ¥; Ҳûáٱնɱֳ˼ң Ǿ޼ҿɹˡ
ڷҲ֪ıȻ˻Ҳֻܸ
Ϊ˶¥ūĻʶм׽ūǲ䲻ȡ
Դ˲ƽϣֻ⻰еڴ𣬱Щ
һϴֵ긾˵
毺ãܱʹ͸µõױġ˵µıܺãԺǲǰ;
ʱǰһ
ǹټҷˣ˵û϶û˿ױҲǲġͷأƾҵֶΣ϶ܰúס
ȺкЩϴֵŮȴɫһ
˵úеݵŮʹ͸ʿǽǺܳ
ǶǷ֮󣬻գھӪĴĥɥʧʹ͸µıҲûʲôӹ
û׵ӣҲûõգ֮𶼲У˼ƾʲôƴء
뵽δǰЩŮǻҰ
ϰ˵ȥģƫûǸԼ²ȥֻ֣ججػš
ֻһһȥһˡ
˵ŻҢˣҲյıȻûЦȴĪ˾鲻
ͷټҵ̣˶ʶġ
ȻһǾеľūȴиøףúһӻϻźеĽʿ
Ǳؽị̈װ˱ڶˡ
įֱ̈ãҲ³˹ټС㡣
õȻܿһЩġ
Ң˿Ĵʶ¶ĽҲЩѹ
߳ˣȴǰ;δ֪ǻ̿֡
˶˵ġ
λУЩǻдֵģվҿ
Ңݲһˣ˲ҺĻȻԣлдֵ˻վ˳
ķٺռһϣټ¥̣ܹжʮˡ
Ң˵һᣬ벻װղס˵һЩ
иʱĲôҪĲźáʵ֮˲СڣȱʶĶֵˣһҪúñ֡
⻰˶ʱ־ϲ
ȫûԼѧʶĶֵȻó
ܱڿƹһĶֵصӣҲȺұµıܴĥҪð
жһڴҪʮ־ȥÿĲ¡
֪ȥǼǵʱٱЩ¡
Ӧŵˣ
˵ЩǺ׶ģ֮ȳʲôʲô˶ԣȾ߲ᴫˣһþͻܶˣ
䣬ͱūˣ
㺦¿ԲȥҪˡ

ҡҲ˼ôΥ
Ң״
ȫƾԸ˶˭ġ
Ȼûô˵ֱ;ãǿѣΪС¹ЩСŮӡ
͸Ͻ
һǲȥˡ
ҲֻһȥˣǶԸı˵Ŀսʤ˶Ŀ־壬ѡȥ
ǵֳȴǰĿ־ȫˡ
վźܶųǹʿά
ȻȷʵݹᾣԵЩݿɲʩĵطǵǼ̨ǰȻŶӣӵ
ңҲǵ߲ȾԵ⣬ÿ˲ʿӵģ˺ʵĽϣͷϣѿڱͷҲͬɫĳס·
ǵǼǺʱ򣬶ԶһӾ;ðȫ˺ܶࡣ
ȻȥʱֻҪһ㲼ȥϴԼͷȴǸɸɾġ
˰ȫУҲǵټ˹ģһ˵εǼÿһĵĹǮŮӱԽˡ
ʮˣеǼֻˣǵרŵĵط롪µı˵ġ
֮ǣרŵĵط۲Ƿļ󣬲˱̾ҽûԻȥˡ
ǲ־϶ũҳԸӪġ
˵ԸʵúõŮӼ˭ԸǧءǱġ
ŮֵǮطҲԻʲôɫҲڣ¥ϼǮ
Ǻĵĸĸֵܣ͵Ӫ
Ӫͷ͵ȵĹԺҲ磬ҪɻϻҪʿǷйЩٸǵˣ˲ĥûþ
ΨһõôֻˣǱֱӼ޳ȥȥˡ
ΪˣǲɢӪˣȥʱûѡؼȥ
ЩһԱ
ΪʶֶѡȥµĽȥıӰ¶ǿҵĿĽ
ܴС˵úЩ˰˲£Ժ˾Ͳͬˡ
һ̣ϣԼҲǻʶдֵġ
ڴϷȥܾãĵ¶˾ģڶһȥ˺һ
ιʶְɣҸ㵱ţУ

ŶԷ˫ۣЩ޴룬ʶ
һũŮʶʲô
ûԼͼᶨص
ӹһгһڿ
⻰𾪵ؿ˹
ܿ죬üҲӦµ
ιҲʶ֣
֪ʶʥּѵ£ڴָֻԣЩ˼жʸȥ¡ǻץסܸıԼ˵Ļᡣ
ȥѾǿʶֵȷʵǿӵвͬġҲΪԼŬһΡ
һ˫˫ε۾ºǶݣ
ãҽǣֻҪѧҶ̣
ǣһȺŮӣҲ֦ĿİԺѧ
*
һߣ䭵鷿ҢҲЩʶֵŮǵǼǵǰ
ЩŮĵǼǣ幤㣬һ˷Ҳʲô
һּĵǼҳ鿴
ͻȴԵ֮⣬Щ⡣
΢תЩ˼ˡ
λС㣬Ǹȵˡ
дһĨЦ⣺
Слֱ˵ǡ
һ۾ͿͼҢЩȻ뵽ԼĿģȴŤ̬֮пȥ
ԼһıƽȻص
ŮۿУƺȱʶĶ֮ˣԳʤ֮ʦ˵ǳԶ֮ơ
⻰в¶־ϲ
һʼҢرΪֲһ֣ǳִ˼άŮԵ˵ػ
ʱŮӲ˽⣬ӡԴԭļ䣬ȻҢŮؽʶŮӲһȴδڴܰʲô¡
ʱŮӰǳޣίΡ
ĻҲϣܺúûȥѡ
ŴĽ飬ȴñŮˡ
ӦֲֻҪչ˵ŮӦһͬһİ֡
ĴߵӣƺҲɻνŮôΪʲôĺúء
ӹŴִŮӶһֻҪǻ֣ǵİʵˡ
ԣкνأ
ؿ
ѯԼĽ飬ҢΪܣ
ŮãȴӶͷһĽ쿪ʼǶд֣ȻӳռѡҲͷЩµǣɴӾӪӳĹǱԡ˵ûʲôѧʣȴ㹻ˡ
ңǶЩˣֻҪܰ㹻ˣҲظһô๤Ǯ
ʿäʼ£ʵʶˡ
ֻʱʱ̫ȣʿ뽫Ҫ˷ˣҪӦµѵϵµʱЭǱߴһЩ񣬸æ
̰಻ãҲû㹻ȥ̿ΣԱûǿаĻεҪҲȥ
Ѿӵĵأʽ׵зҲȶԱʵȷʵԽճˡ
Ȼ¾Щäѧ󷨱󶼳ǶһָӴ󲿶Ӻˡ
ӪָʹһǴԭĶͷȥģĻһܴպϣ඼ͷȴǴӶӳͨʿȥģȷʵä
ҢĻЩЦ
ǮǲأȱǮǵĹǮ԰õ㣬ÿÿһǧġѧɵúãɶ𡣡
˵ظҢۣ
ΨһǵģǷԸȥϾǴ󶼲ŴӾӪ»ẦٴԾӪгĽ
ˣȻ˽˵˼
ֲִᣬһȺŮʦȥЩ֪ĴүǶʶ֣ЩͷӳǶмػ治˵
ƶһϵеĹƶʦǵİȫѧЧһ£ЩŮǷȥǷЩѵһ¡
Ң̹Ȼ
»ʹǲ֪ﶼȥ˸ߵпûطӪ
䭵˵ͷ
±㽻ԺȥǵԸ⣬ЩϸڱҪ㽻
Ңȵصɴ۾
ң
º͵ǲҲûϵȥ𡣡
Ը⣡Ңæ
ֻ̫̫ϲˣȫû뵽Ὣش齻
ѹͷȴֻ˷ڴ
׸ĸײȺ飬ĸ׳ϧŮ޷˽ҵҫڣ˳úܶԲס
ҲʱƽΪֻΪŮһƾżʸûУ۳˾ˡ
ڣĲ£ѧ죬һΪЩõʵ¡
˵пǣɲȸء
֪ܾЦ
ˣǱúýϸ֦ĩڡ
ҪģҪǽ̲ı׫Լѧ⡣
Ϊä࣬ʱأ㲻һ㺢ͯǰкȫ档ϱȻҪЩȡᣬҲЧ
ϣýѧϰܸõ󷨣ȣܸ׵عʿصĲ±ǼǺ˲һǲǣҲӦ
ѧʽϣ뾡ܼ׶ýճִʺͼӼ
Ͼڴǰɡ
Ķһֱ£첻ʺϴ̣˫ᶯ
˴죬һģǱ＾׳ĿݣֵŮܵʱڣʱ
Ҫ򣬴ʱõʱ
ʱ˵лɳռЩбὥæµˡ
ʱ䵽ǰõѧϰʱ䡣
ˣҪٵ±׫һɨä̲ģ۳ЧõĽѧ
ЩҪѺܴľһֱûʱ˿ã㲻罻ǡ
ǺȺڵǻ۵ġ˵г³̺԰ѹؽָ㣬˱ʡʱʡִﵽõЧ
䭵ĸҪҢףԭڽڽʶĶʵ˹滮ɵЩղЩմմϲԼ뵽˿û뵽顣
ȻҲܹЩóǡ
ŮȲ߶ſˣд£ᡣ
䭿ССһӣø߹һЩС˰ĿɰЦŵ
ҪΪˣԳŮôôҲǸˡأǮ͸ݶΪΣ
崺ЦݣҢ㶣漴ҲЦˣ
±лˣ
˵һЦСȸԾ뿪鷿
ߵЩдŮǾסԺӣֱλȵܴСˡ
ټԺ˿еĽɣǷԸȥӪڿΣ˵һӦ
Ůӱǰȡ
ô˵ȥͷǵķӣ
緢Ҳˢˢؿ
Ңޱȿ϶ص
Ȼ׿˵ġҲԸǿǣȺú룬Ըȥģ֮ǰҵǼǡ
ûãһ
صˣܴС㣬ھͿԵǼǣ
˵ū
ʱǰվҢǰ⣬վðģȫûǰеɣĵԵЩȻɻȴлȼһ㣬˶ɢһػ
һĻЩŮӡ
ǽ
ɿЩͼ֮ˣΣܹ
ûԣȻǾûʲôģ
˭˵ŮӾͲܽѧˣǰڼҽ̹ҵܵܶأôƤҲһסˣ
ŮӣҲûбõĳ·ˣ
󣬾˶ˡ
ҢǶ־ӣҲǡ
֪ǶӦġ
ǰٿѶ߹ˣĻᣬӴһĹʳԼЩѣ˭ء
ˣұѴҵֶȥϱˡ
ֽд˵֣˶ĺۿ
İˡ
ûпǲĺӡ
һúú£ŶԵݴ


68 
Ǭڣ ӵϸŽµ˵塣
ò毺ãʱҸ뽿ߡ
Դ빬¾ͶʢмΡͷǣ ŽǸȫר裬֮Ҳÿʱ䶼ݣ ȣĳȫȻʧɫ
ǰЩУŮ֪ ¾ֱӽΪΪгͷƣ ҲȻʱʹ˲ޣҲδ
ĸױʱ˵ЩǸˣ һҪúñסеĺ иĸںͷ
ŵŮ ʱˣҪ壬ӵȴһģ
ã ǰ̫˽ 㱨
£ֳҹѾ־ˣ

õͺһ
ҹ һɶ
ӵŵһ٣ϵı鲻䣬 ȴѱϲ
ô£
ǵؿһۣ ʶȤظ˸£ ŵ
ǲǰЩʱնĳͷ ֳ̽һֱɫ ռͰһȾƣ֪ķ˵ԩǵҪҹұۣ
ռͰĵ֮һֳһֱΪ֡
ӵ⣬ЩͶϵĳ⵹ĺ㰡
ĵȴʮֲмνʿķǣǰʲôҲǡҪˣܵñ˭졣
׷ԼʦϷ壬˵زǣȴ߿Ǽۡ
ôЩʹСˣҲţȴǾεġ
ȻҲֲǣ˶ܺġ
ԴԶ߱ԭĴӵɢ󲿷Χʵһһ£ֻʣһεļհ
֮ԽԵڳϱֳֵ¿Ĵѹʱֵ¿ҲԽֱ
ֵ¿׵ֵܵ氵ΪԼĵճȢͤҵŮ̬ر֮⡣
ͤҲûʲôɫֻһ㳤ǱʵǱֵܡ
ֵͶ˼ԡ
ӵֵ֪֧һֱֵ¿ܲ
Ͼ˵Ϊʵûֵ¿ʵ
Լаѱʺ̫һץסʮǼԼˣ΢ߵ¶׼˼ܶ˵Ĳ··
ǿ»׷ӵĴ֮ͣһ䱱Ĳ㾡ˡ
ֵΪ׵֧뱳ֵ¿ȫ֮С
ǱϾּˣû㹻Ͷ״Ǿǵġ
ͨͤ򴫴˼ûãּ˱ʷֳ̨ǿ֤
ֳȻ˵ԼǱݺģּ֤˱ģףݵ
һϷͺܾˡ
ʷ³ֳ̣Ҫʵɽֳ̰չš
Ҫ֪Ŀֵ¿һģν˴ӵĸ
ƲϵĲܲ̿֡
ڵڶγϱ˵̵ֳĶ飬ĸӹ൯Ҳٿֳ̱⡣
飬ӵȻ˳ƽֳ̰˹٣ȴֵ¿ûš
ֵ¿ƥҲԼ֪ԼǴȥҲǱڶ౳ѷò壬˳ȥʹһ
ǲȥˣ֮뷢ȫףһȦڴ
ɾˣƥҲӲͦһϴǹ٣мӵƲѡ
λ̫ҪˣԼˡ
ֵ¿ûй볯ǿнչ١ֻ޲ֵ¿ֱһϲʲô鷳ûˡ
ƥ򲡹鲡ȴӲôҲûҪ˼
ҹ׿嶣ֱӽ̴ֳΣ
ӵ۶Եȴʾµĳ
ǣ
ȥ
ˣҺӵá
ֵ¿еĶͶϣֵ¿һΣ벻ѡ
ֱӱõġ
ûҲܺý
ƥֳֻһӣ뿴ŶȥǾ͵ԲлӻҲ󻼡
һǶľ档
ȽּһշݼҲֻҲʺ̫ܷʲôˡ
*
ȻڶฮǱߴϢ˵ֵ¿˵ҹֱӾ˹ȥ
СֳŲ壬ͼȥֳ̡
ﱻֵ¿ȻԸ
̵ֳڶھˣ֪Լʲôº󣬴ԩ˵ռͰ
ȻѾû˹ְû˭ֻء
ӵ̨Ǵֵ¿л
ǿ˵ʵأҪôȫʵ۵һ֮䡣
¹Ψһ׶ӵֵ¿Ȼס˶෽޹ƺӵ
ӵۺԥ;ܾˡ
ѾֵȻҪúǵʹ־ġ
ң׵Ļᣬǲϧ
ֻг׾ֵ¿ӪȶӵϣŻĸԸΪ˶Ӹ
ΪȲʤȯļӵȴ֪ʱ䣬һ𺳵ϢѸھ
ԭ⸴ˣ
ǰЩʱִϮԭЩƣ콵ԭǣȫһ౱ˣɱ˱ָռĺԭǣٴȫ߳һؾֱӹ⸴Դ
ʵ̫ˡ
ϾЩ뱱ֽսΣʹδռˣԨʮ򾫱ҲǺͱִƽ֡
ӱߵĽȴԶıʮӶϱˣϽ˱ֱӱ־˺ӣ
ϱߵԮÿ죬ѱӸϻӶ԰˿ǶѾɱ
ʮ򾫱뾩ǵĽϱǱôȫô౱ֱ
ɴ˵бۣ˵ϢǴǴϱߵ̩ģ·ֽ̩Ϣ˾ǡ
ٹ˺ͰǷֳɣ˵Ѩ磬ǲô¹شϢضġ
һȴ˵ϳ϶Ǽٵġ
һʱ۲ϣԽԽ㡣
۲ݵʱӼʿֱӴźԭ⸴Ľݱ͵糯̫
Ӽӱǲʲôʱ򶼵õһʱ͵ǰģʿһֱӱ̨͵̫
֮ܳж̨չĳôְ黳׺֮дĳ裬ܹ⸴ԭǺεܣ
ǰд˵ո˺ԭӶˣȻǼϢ
̨ӵĳȲýӵȥһ·ϲܽ˳ãȲϢˣ
£ϲ£ʾȫִ⸴Դ
Ǵ󳯻ᣬƷϵĹԱȫڡٳʱȻ
⸴˺ԭôܣ
ˣм٣
԰˭һƵĻѣ۾
·̺󣬴ǿʼϲ
ȫִҳһѩǰܰ
ԭ⸴Ըοˣ
˺ԭٲ¾ûиͷӮˣ
԰ҪΪȫǰڱѹŴô¿תˣ
˲ðڱ˲֮
ѹִӺúõͻȻҪȥ˵ΪԱ֣бսٹ䲻ģ
ΪΪ踺أǽ
վûִоҲţûˣ
˭˵أʵ֤Ǵӱ̣֪ˣս¾͸ôͳ˧ϲڴ
󳼱⼤ĵĽݱͷԣûעͷӵ۵ɫأ۵úǸˡ
ֻ˷֣ڸ˵ݱһ̣׵ļӵɫǳѿ
ʱļӵӶֻһͷôܣ
ô˾صͣƾͷǧ˱ʮıռô
ֻбʤ࣬˵ٱʤӮ֣
ο䭴ߵֻһǧǧǽȥ±
ƾǧûǮûҧбˣҲû㹻ıԴû
ԣ
ǰԭδδĵڶ֧ղ飬ӵͻȻ
ûбԭǶǸģ
ӽλ߾ؽ£ˣ
ɷǻ˵ԭԬôܱ£游ǵʦ丸ԬҲĵϵ˸ܱ
⵽ô¡һʱ䣬ӵ
ǲɫģ͹ӵ͢һƬغ
ߣӵ۽ԣ˵Ȼ˴ţ罫߾ͳ˧
ӵĿҪѪǷ𣬽ʮͳ˧Ȩӣ
ῴɫĴ
ϻȻ޲ӣ
ݱҴɣղȷϺᡣ
ǿнл足
ʶȤģȻǲٽ⴫òǶڼӵƿ֮¡
̫˵˴ºѸġ
һ뿪ãϵļЦһ˫۾͡
Ϊʼǲ񳯳ǲ²ͻȻԶ߱ʵܻȥǱʵΪ˳ñֲ
뵽䭿˴ţеļʾһʼӿ
䭾ӳ湦Ȼҡ̫֮λ
ֻңϽܵȥԼĸ顣
ǰܹ¾ɽ棬ݻʺûڹ°˲֣̫ӵʱѾ˵Ϸˡ
ĸ󣡾˵Ҫ߾ͳ˧˵ʲôɰɣ
ŵӣݻʺ΢΢ü
ҿǺͿˣʮͳ˧ȨԨĴｻУ㸸жŻӦ£
ԼĸĻĶʱ㰲٣ɫҲתΪϲ
ô˵ǲ֣Ҳͬ⡭
ݻʺȴ
ǡǡ෴ǲҪ֣Ҫһ֮ҡźȡ߾ͳ˧Ȩ
ĸ󣡡
𾪼ˡ
ĸǷ
ݻʺ˶һۣĬĬ̾ϢҲ֪˭һ䭵£˿ơ
׶ӣֻ̡
ĵеơ
Զ߱󣬼ӵѾû£ĴǼ߽еӵȫ֣һʰıȻ̫Լݼҵ֧
涯ģôĵر֤뱾ģȴҲԼҵŮ
СѾͷǻС
ֱ֣ģ֣ӵһ䵽Ѿӹɡ
Ǿ¾ġ
üӵ޷ֵΨһ취ǽᣬٴΰ䭷
ԼҲ˼ֻӵҡβĹ˻ԵǶѡ
ȻѡϢؾУΪıڳеӰ
;ӳôľ϶вٴξۼߡ
ӵǺʹӵԼ֮ΪβЧ£
*
£²
Ҵ߽ѹ
ӵͣеıʣʵ
ʲô˻ţ

Ǵӵ¡񾩳ߺţ֯дԸΪִ󽫾ָӶԿֵս£
ǰմ󳯺ӵѾԱֳǷݽݱĲϲ֪ʲôˣɵΪؽϢ˳ȥðŲɴȷʵ⸴˺ԭһǰδеĴʤ̡
ǵİնԷףԭ⸴ڴŴӵķṦΰ
һЩǶԴƳ粻ѣд˺Щʫ
ΪԱս²ľ漫Ϊ˶Ӧôս¡
ӵüͷܼӡ
ִ󽫾ҪȡбȨӱߵʮҲһˡ
Щ׾ʲôڱ󵷹

Ŀǰδס
ӵҧ
飡
˵ȴֺܿĿڵ
þ׸ʾ󻻽ΣҸ֪ˣԭ⸴֮µʵдȷϣвҥҥ
µʵҲز飬ܹǻлġ
ȥ޷Ǿ
ҪɵģĲͨսȡȨ
αǻʺˮֲʵԡ
˭ǵóѣ
ôҲû뵽Ȼֹ䣬֮УҲ
һЩظϳǣһĵ𣬺ЩڳʹԨָӲպĹƣǿҪ󽫶ԱսָȨӡ
Ȼ˶޳ɡ
༸Щĵ۵ǼԵģЩ󻻽Ĳ˵ȡʤֻżȻսΧҲСԨḻ
óһš
ȴԽԽѹƣԽԽİԷߺд飬ҪѶսָȨӡ
ڳ͢ٳٲӦҽڸã˵ǲʵۼͶܣ´ӻñȨвĻλԲŲ˴֣ϽȨӡ
׶֧֧תĴԣӵǫ̃
֪¾ٷˣÿ쵶նش
ҧгݵ
ֵ¿
һʱֵ¿ڹ˵Ĳ
ʮƥͷȫףѰݣ·ҲΡΡɢһӵĻҰ֮
һֵ¿ͨһڵأ
СԸǹٻ磬ٲˣ
ӵĿ΢У
õľƣǾֵ¿λϵģȴҲǰȥˡ
ǹٲǾԲҪھǣЩ߾ۼ
ʧȥֵ¿֧䭵ûĹǣֻϢġ
ˣԶκһɻԴɼƥͷˣǾ׶ӵȨƸҪ
ôÿӵǰ֡
࣬޲棬ֳŷҪˡٹ˵ȥ
ֵ¿ϻ̳Ͽֵص
ʾ
ӵ۵
ʹˣ޿׼㻹罭ϡǹٲʾʹ֮⣬ޱԽ޷״㡣ʶԲλ࣬ڳھˣֳӣʮĽڽϻׯʮ꣬˷ɷڡ
ˣּܼ뿪ǣֲӳƿء
ֳ̣²мҲܳ׶žٳ˵Ŀԡ
ֵ¿һ˿ʹջظߵͷ
л¡


69 
ӵԲԭ⸴֮£ ༸ӵ֧ߣҲԸôոȨ
ϣѹƴӵռ˶
ټӵ̫ӵΪҲԵЩ롣
Ųϳ̬ӣ ݵòӣһž;ƺӡ
һЩͨɻ߾ôܶճɹģ ʹΪ˵ΣҲԼΪϵƷ
ֱ֮ ܲ˼Ϊ˵ ҲѲڰֻĬĬΪֱ⳯̾Ϣ
ӵӵ·磬ӵа˲٣ һ ״Щ˵ͷ
һʷģ ʾݺ飬Ȼһ⡣
ǣ ٴվ ֳ֮ҹɵնټϴǰǰǿ ѾݹһΣ˴ٷ ɹϢ
¼ĵ۵฽ӹǣ Ϊģ Ҳ׷վ顣лĵֵܵ棬 ̬൱Ĵס
˿վһ綼ܴ࣬ ȻѹŲϳͶԴҪֱͷˡ
Ȼӵֱӵ
ֳŷٹϢȻТΪȣֳǶӣޱʵǾһ
ֻǣֵ¿ӲϣŷΪٹٱʣ֮λʾͽ䡣ֳ⣬ӣʮĽտйЧȣ
Уֵ¿ϵӰԽˡ
ΡΡع£
л¿嶣Բλ࣬Ȯ
ӵ׼ˡ
д
˵ڱ߽湦Ҫ㱻ˣˣԺһ֧ȫô
ֵֺ֧಻һģһڵĵģ϶ִ֧ӡ
ԭԭݱһЩɻ󣬴ӵ뾩ǱʵܱǲǱѾˡ
´вŸɣѹҲʲôǰ;ˡ
۵ռ˴볯ãԽȨǬٶϣûʲô³
ҡǽеͷ˲Ϩ
ЩֱҲҡͷΪӿϧ
ۿ౻ȥñٷ˴ͷ겻ѡ
һȨ࣬ѳְڳýʮ꣬ø룬һе³
ռͰɫ޲ؿıӰ֮µȴסġ
ֻˣǲܲʧ̬
ڣฮǲɢˣۼ۱ȫҲֻ˼
պһ磬ฮˣһ־ӽġ͡³˾ǣϱߵտȥ
֪Ϣļӵۣνػ˻ֽ¡
бܽҳݡ
һƥһ˵Ĳмټ˵СӺЩŮ죬ٳʲôˡ
Ǳһ;˿Ƕѡ
ҪģǸʤ̵Ϣڱ߽뾩ǰдǿӰ
ӵ˼ãֻһ취ǱøĽݱ¡
ԭΨһ⸴ĹĹâҲȻڸǡ
뵽±ʸԨдһţߴö֣Ѹٵؽս
һԱȣջܿԨʱԵЩȻʧɫ
ԨʮҪҪǮǮƥףһӦõģôҲûʲôս
Ϊ򱱴󽫾ںԭԭŪôĶ֪ίʵʧ죡
Ҳʲôֻô֪ոԭϢЩȸС
ҪģЩȥ̽һǱߵϢԱ֮Ӧԡ
ûõȷеϢ֪Ǹ׷ʲô¡
ԺԭĹ⣬Ҳʱûǡ
ºԭô͸ЩΣʼպƾ߾ıִ
˵ԬһԱͽȴҲûתǬı¡
ңԭ౱¹ıأдķأǷǳҪսʣֺϸ䭶ôҪĵط
ǱֺȻǲرأδصסԭ
ⶼĲ룬Σÿ̽鱨
ȡǰεĽѵٲղҲκιٷӴֱαװǱǡ
Ͳλܱ䭸סѹ
ξǲصȵ̽ӱϮǧٵϢΪһ죬ٰسϦʱ򣬳ݿʮϻˡ
ʱӵźһμӳϦ硣
ŻʺұǻδԻ
ϣ΢Ů˵Ŀⶼòϡ
ұߵλ
ʱֱӵ۽˽㣬ȴûָ޵ͷơ
ģҲЩȻ
ʲôˣѾ£˴ȨֻҪһʱգȳײݼңŮҲعˡ
һͷβƷѣûҪƽϡ
ţͷź˺ܶࡣ
ʱգӵڳޱ˳໻κƽ۵ʵǰǿоԼǰδеͨ
ŹĻᣬĸŮ˽㣬˽ºһ棬鼫á
ӦҲôˡ
õŵڵ赸ʱݿؾϢ
ʱʧȥ͸顣
ԭӦõȵȥݿɼݿζЩ֪ǵϢ
ѾǾ֮𣬹Ǽ磬̫ࡣ뵽ȥݿ
²ݿ˪ۿɼһȦ
Ϊӵ۵׷ߣӵ۶Ƚԣ֮Ҫ׺ˡ
мգܿˣ
ݿȴڵϲ
вûɱ½֮£ļƣ´
⻰ӵжʱһ
׷ʲô£
ݿڣ֪ӵǸĺصˣǷ³ᱻ̽ھ̹׽ӿĽ
֮Զ´ӱ޸ϻؾǣҲǱոӵ۴Ϣ뷨
ݿʵؽԼһԭͱѹѺĹвŵԭؽԬͱնɱ˵ˡ
ӵɫʱͳ
һؽ˵ɱɱɱĻֱϵ۵ӣԼаѱУԽԽ޼ɵ
˵Ǻʱռԭģ
ݿһֱѺҲȥǵʱ·磬֪̫ܵ鱨ֻܻ㱨һЩԼ֪˿
ڱʱգδд󶯵ļ󣬵ﻰⱧԹû̴ûĻᣬӦڳԭǰѾռ˺ԭ
֪֪ȻѾ⸴ԭʱж𾪡
ӵд䭾ʱ˺ԭôģ
ϸŽݿĻ׷ʵ
Ҳ˵δԭ
ݿ
Ӧˣ뿪ʱذհҵؾ̸Ҳδ˵ս¡
˵ţ
£ƣ˴
ͲƵؽԼαƣһһ·ǵҲˡ
ӵ꣬־ŭӿ˾κˡ
Ҳ˵ڹռԭʱֻǵԭؾټԼĻӪ֣ȫʤ࣡
ȫ޷󣬵ǺεļıоڴٱƵʤ࣬սʤô౱ִ
սʤԻԼӣ˵ȫߣ
ܲһһ·ǵҪԭ뽭ݿйأȴΪЩǽʿȻһ䭵űԸ鸽ѹؾ
˵Ǹı߳Ӱж
ѵľ²ܣؾģӵ۸оǰδев
䭼󣬺룡
ǿѹסԼȵɱ⣬ΣҪȵж
аʱ䣬䭵İѱ㲻Ч֮ǰ͡
ڱѾչǿҺܵһ£þЩ֪ѱٴĸ
ϾЩΪĸӹߣܵõĺô΢΢Ŵ֮ȡġ
ȡ˽ԣǴεĽѵμӵûɱˣֻݿؿƿӻɱΪϱߵһأٽҲңԶȥˡ


70 
ӵŵǣ ڹǰȴһæµľ
ԴӿƹǺȥ˸ֿ˰ֵۣܰأ պʳҲҪٽ̫˰ڴҪԣࡣ
ũʱڣ ·޳ǽȼɽկúȥʳȣ Ҳܶ׬ٹǮļѼ дչҲû·һʺܴ롣
ǿǰյõ˹ᣬ ܱߵأ ҲвٰũʱϢһ ҲǽԼӣ˵
ǵŮͺǣ ž ĥʸҲܵõһʲĽ
Ǯˣǿ̣¥̯ҲŶ ṩһ̶ҵλٶͨյ롣
ƶ˵ ذջ꣬ ҲͷһôǮ
Ǯ ȻҪúùԼ˴ʮ忪ʼ ÿ꼯б֣ ǰڲɹ
ԭֵطռ˶룬ÿоǵĹ̶ʱʱûؼңӾ͸Ӻù
ι꣬¶ʮͿʼż٣żǰʿһսǮ
ĵʿһıϰݸӵĳɼţУȼ
ŵȶÿʿ¾ãеȷһ£Ⱦͷ¡
⣬ʿǻõһݹĸȶӣͷһȶռɡ
׼еȶ飬ͷʮеȶӴԼռɡ
ɫһŵȶ飬úͷʮĽһƥ
սݶھ账ͷţʿڶӳĴŶǰȡսţУȸһж顣
˵ŵв쵽Ľ֮𣬵չݣǸµȱһӭͷʹ
ŶӣۿŸЩŵȱֶ᲻µʣԼҴڻﶼ촧µǮĽʵ۾Ҫˡ
ڵôض㣬ҪƽѵŬһЩսʱĬһЩֱǰЩŵȱˣǶǮٶȥе޶Сø˳ʲôӣ
ڵŵȱǸ⡣
˵ԽҸǶǱȳģһʿսǲô࣬ͱйˣаԷģҲԲǸϳһҪŬС
һսţ˲ٵǮʣȴȫʿĶ־
Ȼʿ֮бȽϣǰսûؼҵʱ򣬼ҾȴǸ˵úܡ
ǲȱЩǮҲ㹻һҹԣˡɶǰģ
֮⣬´կĹ˽ǣݹ빱ײͬÿ˷ֱõһ²ȵĹǮս
ǷΪӪһõ¹Ǯ͡
ŵǣҲһ¹ǮǸݹ״Сÿ˷ʮȵĺ
ʿ˲оǣҲֱվееȱ׼ȥοʡ
֮ÿŬˣǰõ˲Ļر
˵ʤջķᣬôҲ꣬ϣܸŬܸһ̨ס
жʱ׳־ΪõսҲðǴУ
*
͵УȴǳЩС
Ϊǵջձ鷢ܶǮʵҲȽϴ䭺õؾ죬ټоһڼȣһ뱣֤öȵĽԴ֤ʹĳ㡣
Ԥǹǰܴ׬һʣͬʱյӪҵ˰Ҳֲһִ·սĵǮʡ
Ϊ䭵һ̶ӱ
ٶٶֵĵˡ˵֮䣬ž͸һ
뱱һεòԭҲҵΪģƤëȲʮַḻշḻˮҲĶ࣬ʢһЩҩġ
Ժó׽а˳󣬹ɣƤë鲼ҩĵͨ߹صĸ쿤ڵء
䭾ж󣬵عӦϵʱɹ
ΪڣٸǰԤ˻սʿﶼǮǰĸ̶Ҳࡣ
Ź궫ҲһЩ˽˵쿤ȥˡ
ڸѲǰľϰǿ׼߹úù꣬ױȴջظĵڶǰ
ܿشżǰ
䭵𽥰ҲǮ˲ٸǰ⣬طǵ̶ӱ֮ǰҲ
ΪǵȵصʵͳߣƽҪֺ䭵˺ܶ࣬ԴǾһֱʮæµͷӦЩ£ˣҪһѶȵġ
Ӧͤǲ֪صˣЩܿ£ȻٽǾ֮⡣
ǵԺȺ򡣡
ǰ˻͵һƫ
μ
ȴļˢˢ¹
䭵ü
λߣУرԵЩ̿֡
Ǽʶ㣬˵ôʵ£ҲǶɱȨλߣΪԷЩʴȵȥ
˰ĿͶӦͤ顣
Ӧֻͤڵˡ
Щǵ̻Ǵʱ·ƣǸЩ·ƱҲˣЩԽ̰ᣬֱɱ˲еʦԣܲʱЩپͣԸپʦɵıꡣ
΢΢ü
⻰˼ЩʱǾܵͽ·ǳܳһʱˣͽǷչɱ٣ʵû취پӻ
ʱעɫ仯ǣüʱһϽ
ˡСͻˣòףֻСûСǾðپ֮⡭
䭼״֪Լ˼
΢΢̾Ϣ˵λ΢λ߸ǽС΢羪֮

սսվȻºдżΣ
ɹپʲôãα겻αȥ·зͽһһ꣬ɱֱӽǽˡ
µûộǺԭ±ڳǰеطò
ȴ𾪼˵Լʲô
䭼ˣֵ
סˣԺ£ֱͣǡҪǳʲôʦѣֻҪ˰άǵ̵ͨ
ֻһ棬һ棬ҲΪ˽ۡ
ǲ⣬ǵÿһֳɱת޵ϡ̵ͨˣǼصҲۣ߰ǵˮƽ
ֱ̻ĻŸţĻǸ˼
ůʱ˿̣ȴҲ̲סм
˵˼թΨͼҲ壬ߵǶǿԱȨ̰ѹġ
ȴ˵ֻҪڵذ˰άǵİȫ
ֱͣ⻰˾þǹ¶Ĺ¶ͻȻ˿ĸĸһ㣬̲סӯ
Ǵʱ˿̲ᵽΪοӵ
߹ôطҲֻڿ£Ųڹٸκδ㣬Ҳһܰȵ⡣
Ϊǽ˰·;˷ͽҲһԱӻ
л¡
䭽Ȼȥ鱨ӪǱߣ֪ĹڷͽϢǼԱ㽫ʱܾͽָ·ͨ
̸жµ뿪ˣȥֽڿõĴ𸴸֪ˡ
󣬶Ǵѡ
ڣⱱĵƫƧȴȻչԽԽãȻĺõط
ܽ𸽽̵ķͽǽԶжĶ飬õǵĵطǱȻ٣ΪЧ
*
ϦҹؼԲӡ
󹤷ŶֵֻԱȫͣ˶ϲõؼһǾӭˡ
Ҳ⡣
ֲ¶ʮ˾Ѿϻǣܼҽöȥ䭴͸ĸϹꡣ
߹»һԲ
»˵þûźӣҪվŸ䭲ˣȴȰסˣ
»ҴӲˣˣεֻ㣬ӣ㻹ҪҾ𣿡
⻰»жۿ΢ȣɴģܲܿްɣӲסˣȻһƨϡ
ūž͹
϶ϲĲɫȻǻʹҹݻȴܰϢ
ŷ߹пѡ
֪Ҫͷֻɥ֮Ȯ˭룬ܿٳأ
뵽羹Ȼ⸴ԭñӲһ֣շ߾ԼҲļһԭؾĽ
䭵٩
иС޵ÿˣôҾ˵˿Ұɣ
߹ӣŭ
У֪ˣŲߣ
䭺ЦˣĿֿ
ҲҪлССΪҵңҲòĸ£Ȼ˼⿪أ
»Ұѿסҩǰߵս¾ô˳
˵õ֣صĿ϶ͷһ
һŬģ߹Ȼ
»Ҳ
ūҲǣԸȫ¿
䭾ٱ
Ǿףһжһ¥
극䭻רΪһԢļƽĺİƱ
ļƽսģ
»æ
£ūô𡭡
ôñȱ߾ؽҪĽ

ǵ𡣡
»΢΢һ漴̲ס
ƫء
ˣ̹Ȼܺˣ굱ǾŬͺˣ
߹̩Ȼؽ˺⣬̵ģǴãҪã˭ҪǲͱŰɣ
˺Լȥ棬ڸеĻ԰̤ѩ÷
ؼԲڵĿڶЩ
ȣϦ꣬һעҪ·ϱˡ
һ·Ǳѩأֱֳض·Ҳ֪


71 
Ϧı ǰѩΨйٵϣʱɨѩ ʧ˷
ϼž۵ӣǼ·ߡ
ͨĹٵϣ ȴһ֧˵̶ӣʮ·
ֳأһֻ߰ʮˣ Ͳرˡ
 Щ֮һ˶ŵ̶ӵʦ ʮֲǡ
ǰһضм䣬 м ָļҾ졣
̵ֳռһͷź ̼¯ӺƤë ǲ㺮͵
ֳ̱ʮ˵Ĳᣬûüˣͱӵ˾ǡ
ֱ˽Ӧ һٶͣ£˵֮ĺ˺ܶ࣬ ȴûõ̫õ
ҵǿܵ еĻд ҽҩĻǲȱģ ֻʵ
壬 ʮҩϿŵǱھǵʱ˺ܶ࣬Ͼʹˣһ·۳Ͷٻʮ㲣ӹû١
ŶӲҰ׵Ĵɫֵ¿ʹϧΡ
̣ܿˣǵԲס㡣
ʵҪ̵ֳȣʮ˿û飬ֲ׼Ǻú˱һ·Ҫ·Ҳûľ
ʱգȷӵȻָܻܲ糣
ֳ̲ͷ㲵ɫȻ˺ʹȴǿųЦݣ
û£˵˻ô˵໮㰡
һ֪Ǹ׺ͿļƲߣȻԸȫϵġ
Ϊٶ꣬ôῴ復ǵƣҪȨЩ˳綼ϰλµֶΣȵ޿˵ʱּصˣ˭Ҳˡ
Ʋߣܱסһ֮ˣٸˡҲʲô
׵ĲǣּʧҲʼ᲻öǸӡ
úܺá
ֳǿջЦӣֵ¿ֻǳ̾˿
ֳҲܵĸס
ΪӵۣһֱװʹˣװҪﵽ˶ĿЧҲ˼
ɵĳ䣬ǼֲÿӦÿطͣЪ̫á
Ϊø׸һ㣬ֳתƻ
Ҫú塣϶Ҫŵ̵ģȥЩ񣬿ɲõŰѹôҪ岻ãȥǱ˵æϺȾͲˣ
䭣ֵ¿ϹȻǶһ˿Ц⣺
ҪСӆ£֪ܲأ
˵еĹ滮
˵ˣȥˣҪȥȥ񳤣񡣱߳ǵĹݬ룬֪ʬλزͣҪĻȽƶȣٶѡЩĹ˲ţȻԺ̴˳׽⡭
ֳҲµغʺհᵽǱߵ
һ·Ȼ࣬Ϊѩ߻ȴǳϣ㽵ġ
ӾٶƽߣҪƹڴ̵º͸ݣһ·ʵǲۣߵʮʱɻһǧٶ
ͬʱӵһ̽ӻˡ
ӵȲټ
ǵΣд̽ԭһսľ
̽ӵ
£ͳľ֮УбսµľһŲ⴫СͼͨǮƻ¸ʿ̽Ϣȴ֪ΪΣ˶ؿƿСôǮǶ˵Ȼиܣ˵Сͬ̽»ܣǱּС˵ͬ鱻ץˣСҲǷ˺ôӳģ
ӵ𰸼Ϊ
ԣǴȥû̽κõϢ
̽еĲ֮⣬Ͻ
ǲǣС˵ûӾдϢȴԭ˵һЩõĴԣ˵һʹʱ죬ֻҪмͶһԲʮڵĵ˶˲ͷѪȫ
ԭ֮ΧڳǽϰæԺܶ˶֪Ϊдǧȫ߱һǧ벽
ӵֱӾվˣ
ǧȫһ
ǰõϢѾжϳ䭴ܱʤ࣬ȴû뵽⡣
ûܶԭնô˵Ϣ󡣡
ӵɫɲ
ô˵ܴܱ֣ոԭȫ
͢ӵд˵γֱƽ
Ӻζд
̽Щŵص
ر£ϢúܽС˵ȥʱ̣ܶҴ
ӵ۵
֣֯̽̽Ʒͣ
̽ȥ
ӵȴ˼ǧ
ûָӹս£ȴףӵд˵ȫߺԭȫ־ǳˡ
Ϊ˴ı־һʱٷ˺ԭкι̡
ֻǵܴ˼Ѽŵʮ߾УȻɱƬײ
ʱոʧأ֮Ҳѹסĸķû˺뺢ǵ
ˣؽİĶΪ̫ӣظר衣
в䭣Ҳܱ׽ǧУйͷ֮ޡ
ɲ֪ҪԣҲȻס
ܽеϢôʵ֪ͨ̽Ϣ֪ƷǷǳѵġ
ܰϣ̽ϣİ취
ʲô䭹ԹԽء
뵽ˣӵ۶ʱ𵱳Ȼŵ䭴߹ˡ
壬ͬõΪҪЮδزϽ
ˣҲûãֻұİ취
ɻʲôǱⰲҪأ
ܿ뵽ֵ¿
֮ǰֵ¿ûʲôãھֱȻᰵеıᱱȨ㽫ϻؽϼˡ
һ˼ô
ֳΪʣֵ¿ȥҪʹ䭲ֵ¿Σֵ¿ҲǸлġ
òֱֵ¿취ɱҲǿԵġ
ʱµ˱ȻңòƷ
ӵԽԽǸ⣬׼ʯѭվ켣ȥ׷ֵ¿һҴؾǡ
뵽ˣһͻȻʶЩԡ
ǵȦף

еغ
Ͻܽ
ӵ۵
Ͻֵ¿һҴ
Щ֣ѵ
£ֵ¿˥ֳǶʱ侭ٴ۳Ͷ١
ӵҧ
̫ҽͬȥҪ˶Ŵ
ֻ£ûȥϡ
Ӽ£˲ڽϣʯǲһǧϧһдٶǷ׷
ϲּϵϲĲ캮ضȻ߲졣װ϶׷ϣ
*
ѩּҵĶسǷ
·λѩ̫࣬ӾʱʱҪŲȱ
¶ʮ죬ѾһˣȻ߰ٶ
뵽вҪԽ󿤱ǷǣлǺܵġ
ߵҲʮ죬ܻصĵ̣ʱ˶ͣĵϢˡ
˷ϲ¾ˬԽԽǣֵ¿״ԽԽˣʱڳϸ̶ֳ顣
ѹŻѩ֨ڵů¯ӣкʮֵгҲʡ
ֻǲ֪Ϊʲôӽֵ¿ЩܾʲôҪ
ͻȻ಼ֻƿǰսͻȻһҵĳȻǰһԣͣסˡ
ʲôˣ
ֵ¿ʱ
ǰͷݳĳ侲
еϮˣүעⰲȫ
ֵ¿ƿӣһ֧ǧҵȻͣ׿ĵط
ǷΣ־
ߵ˻Ͷ飬ҲѾó˳ڻµĹѸٰڳ˽䱸ơ
ʲôˣΪ͵Ϯǣ
ӵ޿Ԫŭʵ
Էɳһʿϵص
ҵ־֮һһؾߣɱ⣡
ֵ¿ʱһ
ĵ黹Ƿˣǰʶ˲ԣ׷˹


72 
һҵľȻǲܽ˽־ġ
ҹѣ ΨһȻֻȷˡ
ͬƵڻ£̳־ƥ˹
ȥļȴһļǻ
ǻ־룬 Ҳ׼ҪˣǹȺƥϡ
ԭЩĻҲ̫η壬 ǻѣ񵲿ˡ
˭֪ɹ󱻵лնȴһһֱϨ ϼŻ˻Ϻ ̵ȼ˵ϵë
򶨣һĵˣȴһ
ϵһѸһƬë һӣ еʹܾۡ
Ҫ̫࣬ мļƥܾײڶΧɧҡ
Ǳûһ飬 Ĭسȥ
Ÿͷıɱܶ࣬ οƥƷѷһ־
˫ܿ;һ
޷ߣҾֻʱ³
־־סĿ¾˺ܾȡ
Բ µıȻл֮
־ȣ ƥԵ ڲǵĵ¡
Ƕ Ҳ˿ѷɫ
ֻǣ ־Ҳ廨ͷ ΪĽͬսƽյѵҲû£ӦǿʼѸٱԿµıΧ
ս಻ʱ˾ʤҪء
أߵıѲڣʼָ
ۿſµıһɱ˵Ľȥ
ֵ¿عͷĿڱ˲һȦĶϣȻǱϱڻһŮ۵Ǿ֡
˵԰
ԺǣҪúЧҿѳʧΪı֡
˵꣬ҲˣȻǰսеĽǱȥ
ûߵǰ뽻սʮಽԶĵطͣס˽ŲȻþȫŭһ
ס֣
սе֪λĺߵݣʶͣһ¡
־ͳʯ죬ôʱ֣ͣȻ
ĪͨˣԸǻȥ
ֵ¿óеذףıԵԼϡ
ʯʱһ
࣬Ҫʲô
¿ǽˣҪǻŴȥ
ֵ¿ƽص
ʯ뿪ϷȥܴصģֻϷʬ塣űһ㣬ҪǻŻȥô
һǲм಻֪׶ȥҲûãϷǱҪˡ
ʯɫӵǰүһжС
࣬ذ׷嶯һк
ֵ¿ȴȻ
ϷηӦ̱Ѫߣ
˵ţذ΢һƣѪ˳Ų
عֳһ

ʯҲһ
࣡
Ȼ֪³ҪһһҵΪʲôӱר̫ҽб֪صıࡣˣʹˣҲ˲
Ϊ֮ƣֻס
࣬ҴӦذףԼ
ֵ¿Ϊ
޿ԪôҶ˻һˣ
ʯˡ
޿Ԫ̴˴־İΧ˻
ûмʵ˵ʲô಻ҪôΪ֪Щõġ
̫٣Ϊ˶ĿװҲ㣬Ķȴȫ־ȫƴֿĽҲǴһһұߡ
޶ȱǵ
һ̣жλү˾м
ʯ˻ȥ̵
ˣϳ
ֵ¿ȴ
ϷԾ
ʯҧֻʱ׼
ֵ¿ֶ޿Ԫ
޿ԪߣƷҪˣ
ǣ
޿Ԫ
ּҵڻع񣬿Ž游Ҫ游һߡ
ֳȴǳ
ޣ
ˣԼȴۿͨ졣
˭׸ôԭ
ײʵУҲÿµľװ
ԣѡԼ
·ϸ׾͸˵Ȼ·׷ּˣܳΪвʡ
Ϊѡֻ֣Ϊգûߵǡ
˿̣
˶Ҫ뿪ȴͻȻо洫𶯡
һͷһƬźڼ׵ʿ߼۶ɫںɫչôĿ
ǵԮ
µʿϲش󺰡
ʯʧɫϽ
£
־Ͻ˹ȥ
޿ԪǸ죬һȳ˹ȥһѾͽ𣬷ϣԼסйǰһȴǳɹػסصԼ˵Ķ
ʯҧгݡ
鷳ˡ
ȫ䱸һҪһң
־ʱԴʱ׼ȫ
̼䣬ڼǱ˾ֻаҵľ롣
ʯһ㣬ӦԼⷽõĻָ׳ĲԭĺɫƤףѩȫ־
ľƶı˾ľӡ
죬⽻Ƿ׷һҡ֧
Դй⸴ԭ£ǽս¾ûôˡ
˻ܾô׷
ֵ¿ּ߲˻ǻ͵ʿϲ⡣Ƭ̺һȺѾߵǰһ봩ʿʶóĵ·ǰγһʵķߡ
һɫ׵Ὣߵֵ¿ǰ
һ·ˣ
䭣
һ겻ԽĽͬʱһλ߲ŭƣʱɢ֮ǰ¶ЦݣԵôºС
ֵ¿˸׼ȴû뵽Ȼ·תĻĴӡɽˣһʱȴ״Σ
ô㰡£㡭ôôԶ

ץ˸б䣬ҵ·ϳ⣬ʾӦǡ
ֵ¿ϵ˿ڣԼݣɫ΢ôȸ޿Ԫ˿ڣĺ˵
˵꣬Լǰ
ʮԶĵطǸղ˫ս֮Ϻ˵źܶʬ壬־Ҳдƽεģµʿ
ʮˡ
ΪЩԶ
ȼŭȴ־š
ʯȴǴһ
ôҲû뵽ʾǰľˡ
е𾪣Դǵس
ҵ־֮һң뿹ּ𣡡
ûʣɫص
û˿ɱʿۡҴҸѡԸͶ
ʯЦһȻ
δ̫Ϊ־Щñ߾ܴܣ
µ˵ȷսף־ȴȫʿʹֻжԷһ룬ȴҲûһƴ֮
ǰñ߾*ؾʾܵðŭؿʯ
ȴص
ǾĿԴɡ
˵ţһ
Ͷʯ׼
䣬еֱ̽˵СͶʯװ˽׷ŽͶʯ
ʯ״ЩԣСͶʯʿǺ˲
ȻʮصԶͶ£һĶܵסġ
ȼŵҵǵùʿԾ춯֮ƺȻըֻһ죬־ʱѪɣŨŨĺ֮ҽܾƥֱײ
ʯȫûʲôһʱ䱻µĶԭغþá
ֱмܾƥȻʶ嵶ȥԼˡ
ʿȴųƥȿȥƬ̼䣬Щϵʿ׹ʹһţҲʿƥ̤
һףЩǿ־׻ңòȶÿ˵Ŀȴд˿־壬ȽŷԦʶˡ
Ǵδ˿µǾ춯صŨŨĺ̶˹ɲᣬŨ̹ô˵ķѣѪɡ
ľһŹѾ˹źļƴ
ֻһܣЩͻǺ޷ĺ󱳡
һʱ䣬־ǽάȡ
ͬСǰߵض䭵
Щ͢ӥȮצɱôۣͬҪɱǸͷЩ͢߹źã
⻰ͳʯȭͷһǻҡ
־ʿҲ־
תܣȻҼ֮£ǰɱѾװͶʯϵĹٴոǵ
ʹûǹ˵ͣҲױľһߵƵɱ
ôǸ֣޻֮


73 
ľʱ Ŀϵؿ־ʿ
ڶҴķϣٸһλᣬͶ߲ɱ
 ־ʿϽ˱
ǻ˫֣ ǰЩҲϽ
ʯô󺰵
־ֻս
ȻЩ־ڹٻ¸֮ң ǵģ ȡڻʵǰ¶ģһʿϧö࣬˻ĻԸƴս
Ͷʯᣬ ֱӰγ һͶʿϿȥ
Ȼ ǵû䵽ʿϣһ֧ ֱӴ͸յ
ʯʹƺһ ϵĵ˲أķֳֹĿض
ķ² Ȩã
ЩӹһٵʿʱֽٺңȻһݸм֮ġ
䣬 һȺǰ ʯ
䭵ڽЩͶʿʱ ʣµЩԥֿ־ ƺǸᣬ תͷ񱼡
ż
䭺ԥ
ܵʹûмҲΪ׹ˡ
Щߵ³ʣ˶ѡͶ
мˣҪҪȥ׷
Сǲĵص
䭰˰֣
Ҫ˻ȥϢġ
С죬Щģȴ̫ҵ䭵ľֻѯʵ
ǡЩĲɱ𣿡
ͷĹͷ
Ϊµ׳ܶࣿ
СЩŪȥ·ڷµıַ²ʱȻתΪϲ
ǿܵô׳ȥ·ʡö͹ĹǮ
׾ͺãͷ˽ɱ²䭽
ӵʿҲǴܲɱ㾡ɱ
ֻǣҲ̫ᣬȻûоη֮ģǰͺ̵ǰš
ЩȥˣʽҩŵùǺҪýʿִ־֮ģԺܼ
ȻʹǲҲ취ھȥЩߵֻǸѡ
ú˷²̧ߵ壬˱ϵĳ򣬶ǽгơ
ԸЩ̵ֳ

˶Ҫ񣬱䭼ʱˡ
ֵ¿ϵѪ˿ڣ΢΢ü
ôû
̵ֳ
˵޵Ķͷ˵أôȥˡСˣԼͺá
޿ԪղΪ˾࣬ϰһ
кܲܣޣֻһȷʵҪõȵϣʱҲΪѴй
ƿһЩҩ;ƾ
;ٶЩҩûǺܳģܿʿȡҩ
ƾǩ׼Ըദ˿ڣ״æ
½֮ô£
䭸ղͷѾ֮ǰˣһУЩ¡
ΪΪŮΪı㣬ȴδ˼ɹԼ
һʯߣΣ
ﶼȫգҲѾ˰ţôԼ䵽ӵУΪвİѱ
ûȥǡ
һ㣬Ҫɵͷˡ
Ϊܵģֻǰæһʲô
ֵ¿ȴžƾ˿ϵʹŬһһ㶼۵ĵȻģ
²õģʱȨ֮ƣ΢зִ磬ֻǿضѣ
ȴҡҡͷ
ҶԲס֣ûɸӦǣŻЩվ
Լĺӣֵ¿᲻֪ԡھΣкۡ⺢ӰСϲ̫ࡣ
ñط꣬鲻ԽĴȰ
£ⲻ㣬Ƕ֪Ѿˣ
ֳҲǻ
԰£ǵǣعؿ޷ǲǼޣٶ෴Ҫ鷳ߣô߰ٶԶĵطǣѾðˣֻимôܹ
˵ֵ¿Щǵص
£ǷǾҲٶôģ
˵ǿĻȴϾǳΪԴ뿪ؼǣ͢ǿƣǿֱı۴ַġ
ǰռԭǣϾֻСطǱ߳ǣռҲ˱֣Գ͢û̫ʵԵʧ
һڱ߳ǵĴ󿤣ѱӵ޿ֱ̣Ӳܲ˵طַ
Ҫ֪˱Ķʮ߾뿤غܽͬפʮֻ뱱ֽսΪ˷ֳ룬ʱܶıѡ
ӵ۲ΣִҪǶԿ˵ɻǼв
䭵
õģԽ˷˵ʾģػָҸķױҶԡ
һ߸ֵ¿ҩһϸ˵˴¡
ǰǿӦͤһǰ·Ϊͽ֮£ʱŵн˷ˡ
Ϊ⣬鱨Ӫ˴ӳͿʼˡ
ǵһҪͨǰǣȴӶ߿ʼ
ߺϱߣùپðʦǰ̶һͬʱ̽·ͽ
ߣȽ˶ݵԭ±ǲǧ˵˷ˣٽǵıǲͬȥԭȱ
ΪѾ鱨żǧ±ս죬ķѽ˸һɶ
ǧ˵ľżٸͽԴذһʼЩµģЩʿûڳɱӵ˼Ǯ̬ʮòǵĵӱԴһЩ
ֵֻ֪£ҪΪǰǵ̵˷ˣĿǰѾķͽȫ
ţδ˵ĵĹүΪµˣȻ漸ؽ˷ˡ
͢ڵطֻôһάسǿǵΰпɣȴ̫˵ϴ㵼ڳİܷͽţǺ֮ȴް취
Ȼ̫ţԾɱһϣȥ֧Ӵŵķͽ׼û뵽п˺ЩϤķͽס
һʱ䣬İձ棬ĵףϲ¡
Ϊ˸л֧ӵĶ£ǻԷ֯˺ЩʳҪ͸л
ȴ֪¾Ӷͣ񣬸ɰðյĶ
󣬾˰Ǹʳȴǰյ˵ȶǮеذޱȲ졣
Ǵδ˽յľӣʱȫľŮһһȥûƻκζ
ƽ˷˻ҲҪκαꡣʳлӾȻм۸Ǯ
֮࣬ޱȸжؼסţ
ΪǻǾ｡̸С˵µǰǵ׹Ҹӡ
ͷ˰֮⣬ûκο˰ۻǮЩطÿ˷Ķأֻӡ
һּ֧ǰһɨŸķѡ
ۼǧ뾳Ϊũ壬ŵƨ֪ǵΪ̵˷ˣȵǰݼڽил
Ȼһߣ͸Ͻӱȥرˡ
˵ǸϿȴҲֻǧɢڿأθǿ׳¾ӿ⡣
ټ棬ľֻ˷ˣɿȥԽȫͽ׼
ǿضʱʲôҲûˡ
³˽˷ˣ˿ŵأڵȥפسŵ¾ӷͻɲҪǸԼǳŵͨ顣
ڸߵأͨеķʽ򵥣Ǹ̰٣ֻǧӱسͨ衣
ֵ̣¿ο
ûΪ˽ӦͲܲʾǿأһʯ·ͬʱزǳɳ˺ܶడ
죬صţʱճɾһ
ܿһ죬ҲĿˡ


74 
س̵·; һ·ѩء
ͣͣʮ죬ڴһ˻ص˷ǡ
ΪҪڷǰ˱Ҫôȥ˷˵ǧȥ 䭺һ˱ڷͣ˼졣
ֳҲ峿˷ʿĳ
һ磬 ΢΢Ǳ㱻ĺѡ·ߵеһ¥һպÿųǵؾβ͡
˴Լһʱ ѾԹ緹ʱ żЩֺźŻ
ھӪͷ͸ѣץϵĻѩ˴ֱ꣬Ƥ죬 Ų壬 · жӽ˾Ӫ
Щʿǽ˾Ӫûã䭱˪ػˣ 紵΢Щ죬 ͷҲ¶ʪˡ
״Щż
ôŪҪǷ纮˿ô죡ûϴ
ͷĻǶ䭵ױ˵ġ
䭼״Цŵ
ģء
˵ţ ȴʵػȥ·ˡ
ֳŹȳպÿ䭴һ̴ ϻһ麹ߣ Щ֣
ϵȥˣ磿
ϲź µʱױһ㶼š
ุ֪ѾȫͶ£ ÿأ Ա
Ͼؾʿһܣ˵ܸõؼǵѵЧִȡ
鷿ĵ˴ҹôʿƽﻹԴȥ˷ˣгһ̾ôصĵӣǰô졣
Ͽһؾѵʽֳȴĺ棬⻰
ֲʽͷһμǻӪǰ˴ϴѩǺν
˵䣬Ѿ·
ֳ̲ˣҲһ߲ͷһ߽͵
ΪѵоѩʿʣǸͺ
ִгõĿֶΣʵ֤ΪЧ
֮ԻⷽѵҪΪ˹׼
ʷԭ壬õʱں
ΪǴڵΨںŻصҸܷĹȵعԱȽϾۼֻҪ׼˵طпܽһ򾡡
״̬ʵǣʳṹʣʿڿ϶Ȳϱ֣϶߽ộ·϶öˡ
ԣȥһ붬ʼ͸ʿǵʳмӴţ룬϶ͽ֮⣬ÿձڷѩниԽҰžӪȦѩԴǵĿ
˷˵ʱÿʿҲᴩϺİӣƤףϴϳͲƤѥĥëĴֲ
ֶȫ׺ƽԭϵĵӦ¼ȵĵµû⡣
γȥ˷ˣʿܷˮƽɱУûκ˶֤
Ҫ¼ʮȣȴûаա
ûгűŶԱַ
ѵֳ̲ûɣԿ޵
ǰؾְı߽˵ʮǰҲںִһ̣ʿǸָǵĶʮ֮·ϵʱ֣Щʿô͸һѩ˷ɱУԭΪѵз޳ͭƤǣ
Ҳѹֿܴܱ֣
⻰ЩЦ
ʲôͭƤǰ֣已̥ѵֻһ棬ҪÿⲿıůֶΣҼʮǰһս֮ɱһ·ĵطˡ
սÿʿıůʱ۲ƣԴеĸ࣬ʹ͢ʣҲδж߾ʿСʿʱȴÿ˶ްƤëףƤѥҾƣܷһȡ
µʿҪ϶ıֳǰкܳ·Ҫߡ
̶ֳʱ¶ı
³֪ˡ
䭵ǲ⣬ˣĳͶԴ̵˽ûôࡣЦŹֳ֪ǲûʲôĵطĵȥˡ
ڷͣ죬һЩ䭱һһȥˡ
߹͸һҰסǰǿصСүң޵øûʣܻЩʰһĻңָ
˵ȲþǵฮȴҲһˡ
ûһڸﰲٺã䭱ڿֵ¿׼˽ӷ硣
ǵĿӦͤ˾ũֲԼ༸ƹܸصĹ٣ȫ䭽ˡ
֮˲ִ٣ȫΪĴߴ٣һǣٵľ鶼ת˲١
Ϣһϣ˵ԼвסҪΡ
û취㽫Ĺȫٻ档
ȵıֲˡ
ߵһλλߣ˺ðΣǰҾ
¹ֲμүһɺã
Ҳһεģйһ֮ԵֳλĶԱȫŮǣ˶໹м־мġ
ɻҲȫǰʰ
ĳƺȴǸɲף̲סͷӶ
࡭ĪλȨ㳯Ұࣿ
͢ˡ
ţĴӵ֪Ǹʲô
䭽˵ķӦչ۵ףȻ󲻽ص
ҽһ£λǱıҲ࣬ڱ£ܳ¶ܳ㱨
ֵ¿վس˹˹֣
λϷһЭ
ֲˣľػȴЩ겻ᡣ
õ࣬ӵףȴʲôܳе׷ʲô£
ңְܳôЩةζ
˾ְټŴд治֮£̲ԭأǲѾЩͳּ͢˼ˣ
Щˣ񲻶ҳӣ
תһ룬ѲӵĽֺٽΪֱӱʵ۴˶ƣЩһֱڿ°µĹԱڻʵ͸ñǧˡ
ҪսӺҲˡ
¿ԳһƺҲֻһߵڡ
˵ſҲûʲôãٺ»ǰֱӷ˱׻ܵõսúðҲᶯþ̣ýʾ֭ϹТҲͦĵġ
ڳ͢᲻ǵֶַ͢ӮοǰѱִøٷĿ
ôһ룬ƺҲûʲôµġ
Ϊֵ¿ֽӷ磬Ϊվ̨֮⣬Ҳĳ״˼
˾Ƭ̺󣬶İõزӷ磬֪ǵѾˡ
ˣԱҲܵѹסЩˡ
ӷֵ¿ص㣬Ա㰲Ź
䭶ԼҵϵȻ䣬ֳܿ
µһҪũ¡
ԽĴո󣬱ҪŴˡ
취ʳ벢ƹһǱ޻
ڱȹһ죬ᵽ˺ʿսơ
֮Բ֣ΪʿûаգΪϡ
Ծʵı;޴Ұս͸ǳɱӡ
ԭ뷮ǾӪľ裬ʱ̰֮󱾾ǲģҪӺԭЩȥ
ԭҲŴӱ־Ӫһ
˵ÿʿһװ⣬ѵҲģʵھӪԽУҪȥѩӻ¶ȸ͵ĵط̣ʾԶԶá
սپҺ˵һ뽩֣ʲϣʿǿֻܶڱֵĳǰ⡣
һˣһδ֪
޷Ǵ˿Ƴɵ࣬߶Ƥë
ǳ֮ơ
򡭡ֵزӵԭصʣǸɵϡ
»бİ취Ҳܹ鲻Լĵܲס
ؽΪɺҪɣ֧֣ɣϲ˿ҪʱҲ̫ˣԶ޻Եճ÷㡣
ң޻ıůԣԼҪķѵ˹˿Ҫǿ
µǣú궬첻ʳʶˡ
޻ֱѾֲҪӲѡ
ѵǣҪڶʱҵ㹻ֲ֣տѧֲҿƺʳԼ޻ĸر


75 
ֵ¿һ һĬĬﻮ˼Щ¡
֣ڵطΪ٣ֽ ճΪһة࣬Ȱũɣ֮ĵطкܷḻľ顣
³Ⱥֲһ Ǳʲô滮дֲǮŲõ¸

һпʣ 󡣡
ֵ¿ͷӦˣ ֵ
µعϡ׻Ķ࣬ʳǮƹϣ ʱ䣬 £һЩ ȿ˴ֲһճɣ ǱԸˡ
ⷽģ
ʳޣ ϱҲˣ໹ˡ
Щֵ¿Ҫȥֲũ²
ŷֵ¿Ҫд¸һ Ҳдʱöдܶǰ飬¡
ң ũҵչ¹ش Ҳϣ𲽵ʱ԰ѹء
Խֲ ˾ڿ顣
ֲܿ챻ٵ˿ ˻㱨ǰʱĿ
ǰʱ䣬 ѾǣԼܱߵԭǸ˸飬ĵط־ԼԼе伮˴ؿģļ¼ΧʺֵѾ
ЩطأһС붼ֲ˶ģɳ״Σõȿѩ˲֪
Ǳصؿ»ҪԵһȻֲҪһԽҪȵ²ոôǸϲϴСģֻܵջԺЩûô߲
ֲˣ붬֡
ȻطĽϸߣЩ׻ļҿʱܣɾֵЩأֲǰʩʡ
ʣһ൤䷽˷ࡢࡢݷࡢڶʬ弰ࡢëѪȣӺڷźǣһϺ󡱣1ǰڵٸһʱ䣬ʱеĶȡڵֻҪһ㣬𵽸ЧʵأĶá
ΨһĹǣǰǺװЩ׹֮˵ʲôأ񷣣ʹá
䭺Ǿϲֲ˵ķ൤ǹŴĻôѹصطʳ
ֵصĶִ֪ũҵɵĳ
ֲ֧ƹ㡣
ֲ֪ľҲ״ѾĲȰο
δնţû취¡ֻܾȥȷ¡
Ǻ£޷ǼëѪ⣬һʱ⡣ֱѡʵĵط൤죬ڷַӵʱһշַȥ
ֵ
㲻κ±ȥ죬Ժֳʲô֣ҲǱţֲϡ
ֲЩж
û˵Щǣȫ֮ǡ
ȻѴԸԮ֣޹ǣԷſֽˡ
Ǳ㰴˵İ졣
˵꣬һѡַ⡣
෽Ǻ䭾һ൤Ƕ
һ˵ƶ񤣬ռضҲӰ첻һ棬ǽԭҲԶǺԭ˷࣬ӪʣµĲдεѪƤëԺܷ͵
ݷ࣬Ҫռչ䷶Χ󵽸ϱߵݿݷ಻׵ãίиǣð
޻԰бصҩ̩ҩ̴زɹɾ˻
вȱǮһȫ֧֣ҪϾͱ׺ܶࡣ
ȻֻͷͳǮϸϵͳﰲţֲȥ
ճں¸Ǵ
ֲ飬ðЩõҲֲָ˲ܲ˷ѽĴũʱ
ˣһһؾģԴʳ
൱ڰطֳݣһһ֣һһһֿ֣꣬԰ؽֻһصõϢָ
һٲҪٷһء
ǰڻִʱΪǻĽ飬ǳֿǵһ㣬ÿ嶼õأԱָ˿ڡ
ֵ¿ڴ˲Ե
ǵԺ˿ڴʱȫָаգֻ壬ʱֻһ꣬һǷ⣬ɹٸԺиʳ˿ڣʱµĵؿԷ֡
ڶճ֮ǰкܳһʱ䶼ǿ״̬ܶһճɣµģҲ⡣
䭾еˡ
˵ʾÿĶرһĶΪա
ʱ򣬵Ķصģ޻Թٸƶļ۸ȫٸ
һÿʳʹ΢һ㣬дҲɻܳԣ
޻ҲвһǮʹҵʢ䭿յ˰
ͬ顣
ߣ൱ÿʮĶֲһĶ޻֮ڵǸʱʷλǿƹ޻ֲĻʵҪıҪһ
Էȫƹ㣬ֻһǣһ߲С
޻ľ˵Ǹ衣
ңֲڣܿѧֲʳȻܵõһߣҲֲ޻صռá
ֶһƲߣֲ
Ҫ޵߲ͱעط΢˵Щĵãȴֻһˣ뿤ದЩңȽǣǰȥڵذա
䭷Ц
ֲǻ⣡Ҳ͸ոչãѶɳˣ
ֲϴЦ֪ķԣ⻰Ҳ٣ֱӵ
ǿ취
ֵ¿ΪѣԵ
һĵطϣĹУܼũǲ֪Ƿвͬ
룬
Ҫٷأ൱һʱڣ¶вֻܷſЩҪ󣬴ӰһЩũҵ˾ѵΪũҵ˾ĳԱµط
ֵ¿ȴ
˾ְףóѣԱˡ飬ɲضⲦˣǽбȽеȫͳһ˾ũڣ˺ϸȥ򵱵صдڡ
ˣǶԵظϤģйѹסѹסǣǱȥĹҪá

ܳ˵Ǳô졣£ڼɶùǮֲԵط˽⣬ǻһʵļߣߵģɵö⽱ϻܸһЩԼһкʵλãȿũ³ɫ
ֵ¿
ҪĴ֧֣ߣǹҲһݣЩǲŲΪͶ¡
䭵ͷƶȵƶֵ¿ȥⶨٽ
ԼҪĴԱ䣬ֲҪ
зʵ֮ߺֲҲˮ·أˮѻķϣչѣѼ˸أ뿤ţͨũʱ
֪ޣֲģͨھ򣬺ķѲ̫๤ʱֻҪٸӣͳһִ֯ԴͷŲޣͨ־ˡ
ʷϣⱱҲйһλΪصģԺܶطˮʩʵֳɵģֻҪ޸
ɣܳᾡټ뿤ͳ¡
ũҵǹ񾭼õĻֻũҵչˣҵʢصķչҲױⲿԣжѣ䭶ֲػá
䭵ĻӦֲǴˡ
ʹδ˿֧Ϸ壬ҪʲôʲôʲôϰŽũ׼ײߣҪȥκͷ۵⡣
°ǽ泩
ԺһֱˣÿµǶ޷㣬ٲܼ֮࣡


76 
ǣ ԭ뷮ǵũ׼ѹأֲȻǺܷĵġ
 ʮѺԭ˸飬Ժԭ Ҫ
ԭط֣ˮϺãֲˮġ
ˮСҪߣ ڱ СĶһٽ£طֵģܴﵽһʮ ˮһĶȴܲٽԣ ԭˮֲˮ ȻҪȫˮ
۲죬ԭߵˮֲԸĽĵظ ٺúûʣ ע⿹溦ݵȣĶﵽٽǺпʵֵġ
Щֲ˶أջǸʮ죬ԼѮ ջԲһЩࡣѮջִ
ԭظӷ֣ ĲһһЩ ˷һĶۡ
ԶЩԭԭضûԭɸء
ԭƬ ԴһЩ Ҳһ㣬 ʺɼ
۲һ±˵ֲ϶ⲥ֣쳤
ʵЧʺܵ͡
ܶ˶ֲ֪ҲýݲˣƬƥǴ´ģռøء
ôˮķСֲͬҲʳͬѵ֡
¶ʮˣÿԼǣλټԭѵһãμΪʮũ¼ѵΡ
ԭ֮ǰ˼ѾμũѵɼǿܻٻģˣӵľͱˣѧãԺʵ񲻺ϸǻᱻֱӰչٵġ
һ˴ԭģͲر󣬾۳Ͷ٣ˡ
ֵܱģ϶ûľͬʿڣطЩɼҲûʲô¡
ܶλһֱˡ
ѵõĿԽɼĻᣬ˶Ժϧ
ǣѵһ죬ĵصʵƿԵˡ
Ըǵũ¿˶˹أ
ҵʱ˾ũǽпԣϸֱӰչ١
ߣǰ䷢ҵÿ
ȻصطҪԸѵѵֵ֪ʶȻֵ֪ʶڸǡպƽĶߣһչ١
ϸɶ⽱һٺ»
ߵĽٺ»Щɼһι´ȱйΡ
ǮȻĶȴΣصǼǹ
ϸ֮Ķֻɣϸ߾ĲҲֻҪɡܼලõѲȥӴ˵ǰ;һˣ
뵽£ЩطǴңο˵ĳЩصղܺϸǵʱǵĻᣬȺиѪڣѾʼ˼ְ취
Ȼһ仰ʹ˵ͷ
ǰ󣬿ʱ˵΢ãŪߣһɰչټʮԾӶߣͬչټʮ
ʮ̶佫ǸΪĳͷǴĹϣ϶ѻ
Ǳȿͷĥˡ
ͷЩ˼ͼаģϢģ˼ϡ
Ͼ˾ũǸ汾µģؿΪ٣Ķ϶ɣ⻹ڰûȫϵ¡
ȫնϸ֣ҪϸԲѣҲָһ¡
ңũɣΪٵص㿼ĿһЩļġ
ּֵ֪־ͻᱻ԰䷢ǰڿºӡȺѧϰ档
ټһѧϰĶԺٵľߣÿ˶ԺصϵĲԼߣԼмûѧףڿ϶Լĵطʣ͸Ͻ±ʼǡ
ʹһʼûʶˣͬҲϽЩѧ
ҵǰÿ˺һʼǣټֲڿϳˣ˵ũ¼ɶյ÷ǳλ
ǺģѧϰȻһ֮£˵Ľȫ֡
Դˣ䭺⣬˿ûĵȫ˽
ǿȴɵˡ
ȫ֣ڿǰԲԼܹ黹ǵ䵽ʵϡ
¾ƣԼľҲкܶ඼ܴﵽߡ
ǵʱɾ鷳ˡ
תһ룬ȫ㣬ҲȻиߵ֮֡ǼȻܱٻġ
ϵԼǰ;ǻȥ֮ѵµǣҲǸģڳ⻨ٳũ¼ɡ
ÿض֮以ʱţҲԽ
ǴﲻλʱЩǸԵȥѲӣǸŬģʱü˺Щصѵ
ȻⶼǺˡ
*
ֲũ¼ѵͬʱ˷ѵʿǣҲ𽥱ɨäγ̡
ֵ¿䭱иྫھϡ
˽һµ׼ɨäγ̵Ľ̲Ѿϣ䭰ǵӡˢӰӵ㣬ȻӡˢٱΪ˱ڽѧ˹ֵɳ̣Լѧĺڰ壬۱ʺʹȡ
ȱſγ̵ıǻӪ
ūΪɫһǲΪӪķӡ
ɨä̲Ǵһģ̽ýѧøЧȤİ취վǽ̨ϣĻޱ
֪Լӽݱ㲻һˣô룬ŬԼƽϽ̨汻ҪѧϰĶͷǽҽܣ
λԱǽڴдʶķӣţҿԽŷӡ
Ϊ䭵ֱϵױĻǶͷЩǺεȰһСŮӡ
ūŬׯ̬µ˻õµľ
Ӵŷӣ˽д⣬ǲǻܽһЩİص
ŷϿΣôڵѵʲô˵ģ
СŮӽʲôдʶǻ࣡
԰ǲҪ̶д֣ϲǳȾƣҪЩľ͸ˣ
ƽ컨ȳ٩
ū¥ʲôûϵĵ٩Ȼǲ¶ӡ
֪ԼöĦѧϰĵһÿΣܰҲ⡣
ң¥Ůˣó͢ٺ»ӣ˵һͶ̥תĻԲÿΪãӶȡ˵ְλ
ؿˣŴȶ
ŵȺҵרŮӣоȷʵǡʥҲ˵Уʦǲд֣һᣬǾ͸úúѧϰ
λǿµĵɽҪĲֻо̣ð￤¾ǲ£ܲ쿤ȥ̣Ǽ¼ǲд֣ɣ
Լú룬ǵӪָʹͽǣĸǲʶֵģ
¶˼顣
ȴЩ˼ǸŮӾаĵ
Ҫүѧ԰ӵְֵؽ̣
԰Ҫѧúãǲܽӹȴ
ٺٺ٣ôˣСôæù
СŮεӰֻվڽ̨ôµһЩ˵ľƦϰԱ̲סðͷˡ
ȻƽﱻҪգɰƽȶԴ¡ǶŮӣܶȻӵ̬ȡΪնʲôиŮӵӪȴҲҪռһռͷˡ
ʹ˸ʾ˿üɺͳͷʩҲǽҵΪΪһСŮĳͷЩ²սĶͷ
ڣͬ˵֣һЩ˼ϷС
䭴һʼվڴ۹ۿ˵ı֣ۼԽԽ񻰣ֱһ߿ľţ˽
ԭʹûӪӪû뵽Щ쵰ܸᡣ
ˣȻǲ


77 
⶯˶볯ſȥ
ۼɫƣ µļʮλͷʱѻȸ
ͷ˶ÿƣӪȴǾÿѵģһ棬 ҲѵʱֶΡ
겻ѵģ˵һ첻Է; ôȣʲôԭһ򡣿ؾͣͲʱ Щûµʿǣ ôȴȣÿͷĿͷδ
ߵ̨ϣ ЩȻضĶͷǣ ʼ
һߵˣ վ
˲ԥվ
ڶұߵһˣ ұߵڶˡ
½Σ 㵽˿ҵվ
˺Ȼ֣ղŵϷŮӵʮһˣ ͨͨվˣһû¡
ʾϹ涨Ŀüɣ ʮһ˶ʱЩڡ˭뵽 СϿΣ Ȼںͷѹ
֪ ôҲʵʵ
˼Ÿʾûпڵˣ ҡ
Ҷɫʮһ˽˳ɵõù
Ȼɨһۣ
ߵˣ߱ôдģ
ͣÿʿǿбģ㵽ֵλͷϽش
ϷŮߣʮŮն
ֵһʣ
ʾϵĿüɣΣ
ʮ
Ц
ܺã֪ҷ֪ټʮȣˣʳͷȥ̣
ʱյʱ䣬ǴʿŶӴ򷹳Էʱʳͷ̺ټȫ̻ûʲô
⻰ʮһ˶ʱɥǿǴͷȻҪ̣ʵ̫ˡ
û˸Ļ߷ֱ棬Ϊľǣ޷ÿı⣬Ǽ̷
ʮȱѾܿˣټӿɵ߰ʮˣҪ
ʳôʱʱ򣬽⣬ʿǴѾ˷׼̵سһ١
һѵ󣬳һȺķˣմˮ˯ڶõܡ
һʿʳĿյذʮ̵Ŀʣ˶ʱؿ
ףҪʲôö̵ʣ
ͷôһ˵ʳҲвʿܳ
Ϣʱ䣬ǲû̫ҪټӺùˣܶʿǺܻõġ
ûãʮһ˱̵ϵʱΧѾΧǧ뿴ֵʿ

˸Ͻóһ·䭴ūпϵĶͷ߹վ̨ϡ
˷׷̧˸ƣȻʮһ˵ְ֣λǵС
һӪ߶ͷСӪͷ򡭡ʮһˣؿüɣϷӣ֪ʮЧȣ
ʿҪ֪ⰤʮһˣкЩ˵Ķͷ
䭵һ̣صİ̱ʮһϡ
Ǽ˶ӲʮӺҲ̲סӴʹ
Ȼûпڣôͣ
ʵʵʮӴƤѪ졣
ڳϹսʿⳡҲɵ
ɴ汻ץеװףû˾òô
ṵ̂ЩȥˣǿĶͷƽʣ
ǾԼҪʶ𣿡
̬ºͣǸղûзģиﲻסվ
¾òҪЩǴˣֻҪ£սӢɱоˣѧ秵
û˵κָĻ΢΢ףһţݸ˵λͷ
ʹڼ֮⣬͸һţһҪɣֻһ֪㵱Σţ߱ʲô
ǶͷţһҲʶȻҲ֪дʲôʱǺ
˰ûݸū
ŷӣǣдʲô
ū˸
ǰ鸣կ̽鱨
һעź鸣կͼչʾǰ
Ӿõǰ鸣կͼηͽ˿ϴ·ֻƾͼҵ鸣կλã߱ڱҪǰ鸣կ
ЩƵͼ֣ǶͷȫһͷˮҪôֻŵ
²֪
ֵ
ǧൽ˺鸣կʳбǺ鸣կзͽȥ׼ȷ߱կежٷͽ
Ƕͷܽʳãûһֳˣȫ߲ѣֱӹ
ˡмˡ
ģֻһʮͼʮȴʵ̫ˣʮʮˣȫ֪ôȥ浽жˡ
ֶū
ŷӣش⡣
ǡ
ūͦߵͼǰѸٵ׼˱λãҵ鸣կλãȻֵ·;ϵĹؼԵر꣬˶ʱͼô
ָͼֽʳ
λʳľʿȫϡǰÿӶ
Ƿ֮Ȼ˸ΥҲ˸Ҳȫʵλϡ
Ƭ̣ūͳ㱨
ʳﹲһǧʮˡ
ʿһƬȻɻôôġ
¶Цݣ
ǣôֵ֪ġ
ū
ʳõĳÿһʮˣʮһһǧʮˣ˵һʣһǧʮˡ
ٴοղɵλͷ
߱ŷӣʸǣ
˵ֿˣص
ͼţҲˣôİѲ½ǣŸǣĶͷҪ
˵ʲôŮƽȵĻ˵̫ǰˡ
ģҾӪбµˣֻҪʶԷı֮ϣȻͻ
ŮԵλʲôᣬǾûʶ̬
ǰĳ⽨ᣬ޷֯ҵʱΪϷ֯˾ŮʱϵŮԵλȫߵġ
ԺԽԽŮԲ뵽ͬǮԼͥĹײˣǵĵλȻˮǴߡʱλ˵ٶ࣬Ҳǿ¥
ȻλͷһӾѱˣ
ǰ̫֪ˡ
ˣҲ¶˼顣
ֶʿ
Ҫд˲ţиĸжͷϾ٣ʶִﵽһǧһڼӼ
ΪھΣҲΪ룬ʮԺ½ò費ǹˣСһÿղɱ𣿻ǸԸתҵ£ƾһ߻ص򳤣˾ũʹƾŸߵĹλ
ȨأΪؼµĹЧڻʵ۵ˡ
𲽵ؽԼ滻ȥˣȱ֤ߵĳͨʩУҲϱһ֮
ӱѾǲ˾ӪÿǰϿΣȥģԾȥֻվڽ⣬ؿüɣܴŶͷϿΡ
⻰ʿ𾪲ѡ
˼˵ʮ飿
Ƶģʵڲ߲мһҪʮ顣ܶ˸
ʵ˵¾ٺãܶҲڵģǰʮ飬һϲ¡
飬һĹ٣ֻҪʶ֣
ڳĶũоѾǺ˲Ĵˣ𾴣ǮĵүҲþ֡
ȨƵӣȻҲƾӵǰ;Ƕôڴ
ֻҪʶ֣Ǿӵδ
һʱ䣬ڶʿǿūĿⶼȼˡ
һΣȴǴκĿ⣬ǳ֪ʶĿ
ͷǼ״жʱ˽ȸС
˵ˣҪдĶͷҪԺʿ߶ӳѧ˶ʶ֣Ǻ׶ǣ
ôǻѧϰģôЩվŵѧúãɾǸϳˣ
һôӪѧϰǰǡ
ʮһĶͷƨɿʹһ̸ǳӶˡ
ΪǰĿǰܲ뻤ӪѧϰȥӪڿͣͬʱ䵱ɼලߡ
ֱץһΥɵˣοܵ㣬ܻԼľӪ
ˣҲûϵ׼һܣſڽεɼල߾ˡ
ſڵϣӪĶͷʿΧ۵ĳ棬Ǽֱ޲Ҹطȥ
ڣ˭ٷͬĴҪץΥɵĸܣָֻο㡣
ÿһΣⶪٵö¡
ڼ䣬ǵְڶĵһӶӳΪС
б¶涼ͷ֮λΣգ
֪ˣΪʲôҪ
µĹؾɣԺҲҷˣ


78 
һô֮ ඼ͷϿΡ
÷ȴһӺ˺ܶ࣬ūĵһÿΣǹĻ˳
ͷ ﻹۼϽĵʿӳ˵Χˮйͨ
ʹôˣ ȴҲȻܰΪ˴ҶӽΣ־һͬر˰
ÿν ūڵȫд˺ڰϣ ˵ûôαʿӳмǲסģʱ쿴 ˾ٶʱӮ˵ĸм
ÿν ʿǶĵķӺøб ߵʱ׷ױȭ
ʿǺ;ɢȥūߵȥŮӻϡ
ū úܲΪͷҢһЦӯӯǰ ޵
ŮӣҲڿϵı֣һͨ佱
ūȻҲгɾ͸УȴЩд˱仯Ϊʲôʵ
ǿ 治һѹסǡ
˸ղûȻ֪ѵЩϲصƦӣ ȴ֪ʲô¡
ղŵʲô
ΪʲôͻȻôΣ
Ҷܺʱ¡
ūһһʮؽ֮ǰʳ÷֪ˡ
Ǹп
ʵһʼĺȥӪ᲻ʲôõ£ ֪˶֧֣ Ҿһ㶼ˡ
ǰ ֮ǰҲĶͷǲܽأ һȥʲô˼ҶˣֻʵʵΣ
ǰΪǵİȫÿѲӣԺӪҲټǣίԵ״ԭΪѾǹˣȴû뵽컹бĺ֣ˣεºÿ˹գ
ҢǴͷβ䭵ĴģȻ֪ЩŮӵ࣬״˵
˵ˣҽ˶ͷԽʿʿԽʿŮһӲûġΪ˴˳ӦӪѧҲǾܵ취ΪųѣΪҴ㵽˵زҲҪľΪ˲ţŲĴ
˷׷֣صͷ
ܽͷģǶʹܵضԱ
ǰǸһׯ˭ҪǸҲúý鱨ЧǼֱˣ
Ůȼ˶־
ƵǣʿǸķһأǱȻ߾ܣԵأ
*
ǽ߾ọ̈̄ʿҲѧټлӪʮͷɵӪͣ¾Ӫɨä˶еʮ˳
ͬʱ䭶ڶ···Ľ˷Ҳš
ʱԼԴӣʱĽӡ
ԼӵʱÿγǰȥľӪʿսǰԱ֪Լе壺
ǼƽյĲɹΪ뱱֮ս
Ҳ̵ǵ򵽸ͼ۸ȶĻǰЩܷͽŵĿա
ǲҪ˷ˣҪ¾ӵذն֪µľӲͣǾΣյ֮ʦ
Ҫøذ֪ǿмɣǱطǳȫ޴ȥʱ򣬲ŻԸǺԭֻ˶ˣиΪֵأŻиǵĳзʱգǵĳǳزŻԽԽ٣
ĻʿԵһθС
ȻеԾǵĽĺеԸıأȴͬǵȵΪԼļ԰
԰ȶǳԱůҵйС˵ͨԼŬչøӷ١
Լ˺ͺӣʹڱҲܿԭķپ
뵽δбڴҲ˶õľ;磬ΪԼļ԰Լļ԰
Ȼ䭲ڵʱ򣬹üϾǲģϸļලʩ
ǰĽԼʿ˵úھѡʮˣΪͼලר㱨ھӵΥ¼
һ֤ʵʿܵͣһᱻεרŵĶԱԺ㲻ٲɱУרŽΥ;졣
һиõǰ;ͣԭľӣԭĳϽƣЩල߲˵ʵ
ʿͽǣ֪˭ǼලߣȻҲұŽһЩΥ͵¡
˼Ľ˷ȻԤڵİն˺øк
˳ͨ·ɱ½˲٣ĵصҲ˲١ǵȵΰãصҲǮ󣬻вصǰ
˷µ±õ˶ʿǵĻ£Ҳøˡ
*
߸տʼеڶν˷ʱͬλڱ߹صԨŻʵ۵ױųüչ
ʲôˣ
誹еѯʵ
ԨóǷѾ˺Щļӵױţݸӣ
㿴֪ˡ
ʵ۵ţ˵ţ¹ؾԨҪԼ׶ӱܡ
ԨĴӣʮĽ죬ʮ游׳һо̵ĺñ¡żҲͬüͷ壺
߹סһ߾㲻ˣôԴȣһһ
Ԩæǳӣ
ݵúԣ
Ҳ֪Լ˵Щɫ
ֻЩ˶ϲʧ̬ġǵҪϵķԸ𣿡
Ԩ̾˿
ܡԺΣڵʱҲµʿȥ
ֱȫ򲻵սսʮǰĺһһд԰ΪʹЩѵõսٶȺͳҲԶ籱ֵսսҰս϶ڱֱֵôÿҰս޴
ĴҲǺͶԷͶʯ˸ƽ֣źĳǽסǳضѡ
ǱʱʿڷѩֶǽģӦȻ½ȵϳڷѩεıʱóسսѰ·
ǿںԭʤ̣ҲҪЩóս
±¹Ҳôʿȥðա
׻еıҲͷ
֧ҾҪʱ棬˳˵棬˲衣
Υµܲδο֪
ս½һʲô£սƽϢ¾֮ʱ
ɼʹˣҲþԼܣȫȥػⱱİں£Ҳֻһһ
*
еļӵۣӳϦ󣬾һֱڵȴԱϢ
һڴԨǱߣѹ֮£뵽취һʤѹ䭵Ĺâҿj
һ棬ϣʯܿЩؾЩµĴ
һ£ŷԨڹһֱ˵ֲ˳ɣջ
տԨ㲻ȴԽܣʵ۵¡
ɱ߹ս½ţԨҲ޴ܻܶʩӳͽ䣬ֻҾġ
ˣϣֻܼߵ֮ϡ
װһ֧Ӵ˱֣ԨܵĽ죬㲻ˡ
ͬб٣ҲĶ֡
񣬾ֻʯֵ¿һҴأʵʩһƻˡ
ȻʯѾȥһ£˻š
ǲʯǲǳʲôʱϢ
£ϴɳȥ־ˣ
ӵͷæ
ʯ
Ȳ־ֵ¿ˣȷԼļƻûгӡ
ȴЩ֧ᣬ·ݵӣ
£ʯͳ챻ˣȥ־ֻˣˣڽŪ˴ӡ


79 
ȴ˵־ӱĹٵߺ һʼǷǳŵģ׷ָ򶨡
֮˶ǳ֮ͨҵʿ ǹٻѫ֮ҵĵ֧֧ӵܡ
꣬ѫ֮ҷܵĴ ûдĵ츳Ϊ˲ǰ̱Ὣͽ־һԺҲȥľͷ õ ܿӪָʹ
Щ˼л˴ǴСܵĽ̵ͨͥʿ׳͢ƣ λ뷨
˴αʯͳԴӣ ӡǲû ôˣ붼֪ ȥ Լӵ۵Իνǡ
ȥ͢ҪôˣҪô͵ӱԺûԭ
ȻǲԺ󶼹ġ
Ȩ׺ һ¾ȥȫʿļһ취Կµŭ
Щ˵Һ˵ űĲǸߣ պޡЩ˵˺ͼˣ Ǹż
ôļһҲһ ñڴµʱ˼Ǻ ǰЩƽʿһ⽫ǵͲ
ʤ˱ҳ£ÿһ˰̵ĽӦñͷ
ֻҪ㹻ֵ֤˴ʧܲûǵȷʵ̫ǿ󣬻ʵ۾Ͳܳͷǡ
Щŵ˲ûййġ
ңҲѣʵ
ǴʹõıĪ⣬ôܵûл֮
⣬һصǾ־ļֽӵ˴ӵľжǿʹõжֲжôףŵѻؾбš
ѫ֮Ҷ¹ԼϢͨûãʯ־ÿɱ¾֮±ڸ֮дˡ
ˣԼΪƽ־Ĺϵ־ĽӪΪ
Сʵ㱨е
ǧǻҪõͬۼұţѫ֮ұȫ֪ˣϢ©Ӫ֮С
񣬾нѫ֮ң̸Ƕɫ䡣˵֮ȥǾһҲǱɱǱᣬ֮մǾûк³Ժȥǵζ취˲У
ӵŭգֱ
Щ̰֮ͽ͢÷ǮǣֻҪǺã
ҪնǼ²־
ϽȰ
Ϣŭǻȷʵʱնǣӳ֤ԣнԽ绢Ҫǰǣֻ¸ף
ӵ̫Ѩ죬Ҳòϳ˵ʵ
ʱնɱ㞋־ֻýԽηǰǣýʿ̲ʡ
ȭͷݺݵϡ
ɺޣ
Ϊʲôÿһص£յĽ˱
ӣһαһθš
һղȥ䭵ѳţܻʵ۵
ڶΣϢʹͣѺղһ£ղռһ߳ǡ
ΣʾԽ缸Ҫķˣɱ²ǧ־
̣ӣһһεؼ̤ʵ۵棬ʺһĿŵ
һ̣ӵʲôܣֱӷӡ
κޣ
ûãκƽӦٽ˹
һ棬ӵ۾ʵ
жٱԵ
κƽ΢˼ƺҪٶ
ϵĴԣ뵽ڱѸŵӵһֱֳĶԴӵɵʱ
ر£񱱽ս³ԽٴٲҪ֧ԮΪٳû٣ö
Ƕֲ֪ŷʱٴĿԡ
κƽ˵ί˼ȴף߾׵Ҫⲿ֧Ԯ
ӵԣƲѣسһ
ƽ⣬˵ǵ֮ӣΪΪӣѵ޷ͽ𣿡
ǰλǰĺѣĸЩб˺ܾãӵҲҪҸйĳڡ
κƽԴ־е֪׵󣬶ԴӵĿͱˡ
λʵѾٵһᴢλĻӣǿԳΪƽ߽ɽ֮
ˣôӣ㲻ǻʵ۵ĸϲã¹ؽɽˡ
ӵڿֱԶԴӵ̬ȣҲװͿǳϿҵȰ˵
£ˡֱԣ񱱽ս³Խ˺Ҫ£ȻԴλãǵ֣Գ͢˵鷳
⻰üӵȻһ
ʷϣû年ᣬɽĻӻ߽
ӵٹ˼еİѱֱӴѹַ֮׵ض˵뱱Ǽõĳ·
ʱռǣαִԽɽشƽԭȫ֡
شƽԭ־Ϳɳս
µǣӵôµ𣬻˺ԭǣθұ֤ĳǽס
ǱֵͶʯܹƴǳأֱȡӱߣ䭵ףǵٶֻ졣
ĵõףٴ׺֮ҲԶˡ
ôһ룬Ĳܵ䭣£
ɱĸֱ׵˵һ㣬ӵۻǾޱȳ衣
ɫ࣬ҧгݵص
ң޻Ͳţ䭣޵ıҪˣ
ӵ߳ŭκƽϽ¹
Ϣŭ˼
ΪĿģ־ܵԵȰ
¹ӵĺȻǿָʹµһУҲһѵѡºβݣ⵶ú񾡣Ȼα´ã
⻰üӵ΢һЩӣǿűӽκƽǰˡ
ƽ֮£
κƽ
ոԭ֮½֪ټӷΪʹλ򱱴󽫾֮£ƹԭǱפǣԭǣԭĵء
ӵüȻΪȨʮֲ⡣
κƽϽ
£俹½֪ǰڿڣҲ뱱ֹġ
ӵһ룬ȷʵˡ
ĵ񱾾Ѿ䵽͢Ƿʵû̫档
ɶ˶ȴһǿոʧصĴӢۣĵأʱǼطκһ뱱Уִĵشƽԭ䭵Ĺʧܣ˿ʷ
ԽΪԽǽ׶ϾᱱֵĿԡ
áǾƽԣ¸俹ոԭ֮


80 
䭵ּ⣬ ǰ󹬶˲СĲ
̫ӵ֪Ϣɫò񻰡
ǰոԭϢʱҿ԰οԼ̬ Ҳòϣ ʲŽոԭĹͣĵصıȨƹܣۡ͵ȫأ
һ 䭼ֱȨ˫աȫ ̫ԺᱻĵöôȻ޹⡣
Уܽ⣡
̫ҪĻǰ㱻ݻʺȥ·֪Ҫʲôһ㣬 ݻʺǰ͸
ݲģ 㸸ʣ ӹҧǣ㲻ز֡ߣ б ݼҾû𣿡
лʺڣ̫ӲҰ
ȴûôˣ֪Ϣ
Ͳ䭣 䭳ԶȴΪиౣڳһ׷ߡ
󲻹꣬ ռ˸֣ ֮⣬ λʲôǿ
ȥ䭱򷢵ຮ֮أ ĸˣ ˵ǣߺڱʿ谮á
˶֪ʶݼҲֻҪݼһ̫ҲΪƣôݻ̶ܳȣ֮λӦġ
ڣ䭾Ȼطõ˱Ȩ¡
һʹܸӣҲΪİʯ
ԣ
侲̱ȥھΪٵ׾˾ˣ׼䭵İѱݺݲһ
*
ĻǽϺ壬ԼھҲкܶ⣬ǲڻ֮ϣҰĲȻҲݲǿٴġ
Դӷֱ춯ȥϢ֪ڱΪ
ղŴʾԽϢɢȥǮͨʷ䭿ϸı
ЩţĻȴһ˿ϧ
λڱΪ˹Ŀ࿴
ܳ
λֲܳͬᴢλĶ֡
ľݲˣעֻܱ£ǡ
񸮰ӣ仹ڶĻﶼǳġ
˵˴£ȴҲâ
ܸʶԴʲô̬ȣʵȨͬһʵ£Ȼġ
ʵηչȥʶδѹסοЩӡ
λʧƵĴ֣ȻΪᴢλ֮·ĵ֡
֪һλǲӲ
ܵȴ㶯֡
һɽۻǵѡ
һ棬λڱչѸͣλδ֪ҲΪԼһ·
ǵԬңҪϳɱ߳ؽ֪䭲ûܵκγͷƿĵرȨҲˡ
¼ӵ͸˽½ͣԺʱԻһҲ̲ȻԼԳ֣ȴߥһЩ׼䭡
һʹû̫ӵĲ룬Ĵ󳯻ϣҲкЩ˲ԽӾͻӦϳ͡
ּһЩʾɣΪƲԼӵĹϵҲŸ顣
һʱ䣬϶һƬַ֮
龰ӵеıʱɢ١
ǰˣľַش֮
ô⣬ӺǱ֧ǣֻݲ¡
ԽǵѹЩҪѹ䭵Щ˾Խ°ӡ
ԺʱҪʰ䭵ʱҲֻҪ˳ˮۣ˳ش䭡
£һӰɡ֪ԽߣˤòԽҡ
*
ͳеһ֪͵ϢȴǼΪοġ
ôĹͣ͸ˣ
ĵرƿȨҲأ¿ɺãµڣͲõĵصİܱ֮ˣ
ôõˣǰʧأڼ´ȨգǷˣ
˵ڱ̰ٶĵطһ£޹Աѹʿ֮£ذʿǣĶأʵ飬ذǿ϶˻ˣ
֮УཫʿҲ˿˽ʱ£
ӱºǺͽˣǲٵԺȥΪˣ
¿ûɱΣ˼£
ǰͬû˵ʵ治
˭˵ءҶЩ̰۾õļһﶯֵģһһıǾУ˿۾֮˶ٻˣػضɱµආ£ôô
԰ǰЩѺ˻˵µıԵúôúãﻹǮ˶޶СشѵĹޣ˼˵ڱ֮أȴǻˡ
˵ˣλԸʿµ˾ܹúá
ҪԺܡͺˡʿĻû˵ָָֻϣȴᡣ
ǿɲǣҪѡҲԸѡ
ƣǺͷ
ײʿжԵΪ䭵ķͶš
ĵط䲻ôľ£ȴȫһ
ۡ͹ٷʾе֪ԭո󣬷׷ϲ
׺֮ܣмҹµĶ˵Զʹ
ԭ⸴ɱӣȻһֵͬĴϲ¡
ڶ˷׷Է֯ʫӽһϲ¡
ΪոԭӢսҲǴ̣ж˶ؼסˣλʳڿ˲֮
*
һεղһ·Ĵֱǡ
ȻҲ֪Щǵġ
ȴҲûʵ˶ôӢ飬˵ķӦǣ
Ŷǻ˼£
ºԭˣڲͣҲ֪ж಻Ը
УҪϿĵصͳȨʥּʲô𣬷ǶֻϿ
ʵСģĹٵû⣬ҪģôǿٶӼء
ղּ󣬰ռӵ۵˼ڳʥּʹжʢȴû뵽ǶķӦ
һʱ䲻亹乡
ֻҪôȥ˵
*
ּʱֵ¿ǻر˵ġ
ˣŴӺóǰһԺӵ鱦ƥҩĵȴǳüչ
䭿ԺӵĲĺãôණټֵóȥܶöˡ
ѵô󷽣ôöֻкЩȥ
ֵ¿飬ص
ͻȻ˴󷽣Ȩֻ±ͼ
䭵
ʲô߻ʵԶıǧҲޡ಻Ҹҷ
ֵ¿ʱˣ
ˣʱܾɾǿּˣ
䭸ֶȻ
ּ£ֲǵһ ɡ㿴κ⣿ûȫհǰǾȡʲôּġ
ڴ̣ȥҾȥΪվһȥȻҲýʿƾ
ֵ¿һ룬Ҳ
ڱֵв׽֮ǰӵڲԸġ
Ժ󣬿ҲǾĵأֻҪĵũԸ㣬Ҳ³͢
ôţüͷչЩ
͵ֻ̣ȥڿڡ
ϸ룬°ܣԼӵ۵磬ܸɵó
˵ǲЩȻȨûʲôʧҲƾȥ
ƣԺˮھǡڴ֮ǰǻһҪҪ졣
ֵ¿㶣
£
ȻԼҵȻص
Ȼ־áȻΪʹҪʹң¼ľãЩ
µĶǾɲñһĶˣǵøϽѾиӣȴ͵ȥ
˵ţֵ¿鷿ߡ
űдµľӣֵ¿Ҳ̲סĬˡ
ʨӴ󿪿ڣλҪѪ


81 
䭵ӣ ͨվϵͳӱ޽дֻͣʮ͵˾ǡ
ӵǵӣ Ҫһʱ͵ͷ
ų̂ɸѡӵһӣ ֱֻһѪֱŶȥ
Ǯʮᣬʮʯ һ򳵣 ƷѣƤ򸶣ף ʸʮ򷢣 ƥ
ֵܹ߰ᣬ ԨʮҲδҪ޴ľ裡
ӣ Ҫ в˵ʲôѾ֪ȫ͢ϿոԭĹѫزṼʿפر ֱ汱ֵࡣϣٰ͢Ѿ跢ʿġ
һ 裬 ͱȻĵصʿԹ
ɹؼǣ ĵصıı
Щ˷Ȼȫշ 䭵ı
Ǯ ԼıǴһọ̃
Σ޾Ը
ӵҧгݡ
ĵصıȨ£Ѿüӵ㹻ǮҲͰˣڸǮӲ̫á
Щ裬ȴʵʵ׳ģ䭵óѡ
䭵Ӷһߣӵ۴ֱӡЩҲԼŲЩ˵뷨
ɹʮգղˣ㱨ǵȵذնʹķӦ
ӵöͷֱ
ˣˣһȺ񣡾˷ޣ
ղæ¹
ӵŬѹŭʣ
ǿɻ쳣֮£
ղ
һͰ̩հҵ쳣óظ
ӵ֪˵ľʲô£ȴıҲ
ҧ
˵
ղսսģ¾⻰ûʲôףȴҲٴŭӵۡ
˵¿Щ׼裬ȻеԹ߾ѹסˣʱ͢Ƿÿй߾£˵Ҫ½֪ҡ߹ؾģӢ
ӵɫ࣬һӣǰ۱㾡ڵء
Ӵ󵨣
ղ̿ͷ
ӵۿķֳӣﻹܸʲôΪǣ

Ȼ
κޣ
κƽʱ򣬼ӵŭδһͰ䭵ӵǰ
ĺ⣬ӣͱҪ裬Ҫ޿йʿҾģ
κƽ⣬䭵̰档
κƽ֪ӵڹԣ˴˳ıȨ
ӵӣҲΪλӵ޼ɵü
̵ĴӣԽѱˡ
˷ΪһҲû½ݣıҲѹּӵ
ȻľΪڱеġ
Ϣŭһԡ
Ȼ治˵Ļȴ޵ЩµĽʿǳ͢ĽʿҲȷʵΪ˵ȥ
ӵüͷ
֮ԣӦôӦ䭵
κƽæ
ȻȫӦֻͨ߾ľ裬ȸһıɡңҲܽ˳͢ľ衣ȻҪ裬ͱ뷢֡͢
ӵ۳һᣬ
ý֮ݣ¡
Ұģ˳Ȩѱ·ɸ߳Ǳԣ¶³ٺܴķѹҲȫûҪȥԮ
κƽ֪ķ֮ģȻҲüӵ۷еĽ顣
˵üǡԳ˼ǣ̩͢ȿѸٵݱǵȵأҪִģһ׼ս̬ˣǱ֪ˣȻʱӭս׼
ӵ۵üͷʱչ¶Ц⣺
һǲսҲսˣңΪռȻ뾡
Щǿʢԭԭģڳʱڡ
ΪǵȵصĳڱֻǶȴѲ϶ôˣȽԭ
ʱԭһ̶ĵطƽʱһĴεֻҪҶ˵طһԷܶսЧʱڸߺܶࡣ
䭴Сʷ飬Ȼ᲻֪
͢ųʹ뱱̸ֺԷҲšһ̾ͱ
Ȼ޿ɱܣȻֻܰõļڡ
ҲѱΪ˱ʵҪˣͷڹꡣ
κƽ⽨
Ǳøؾð£ǰֵؽơ
ӵ۶ʱƶЦ
˼Ǵ
ֻҪ䭺ͱֿսеȻǣסֺܴһֵı˱˶ºӸĵоѹ
ǣʹ䭲ϽҲòΪ͢á
һ̣κƽ
Ǵ¾ͽκȫ죡ݱٶȵҪЩñֲò
ǣ
κƽȥ
ԭűҪǮȾ裬·ȫ֮£ܿʹϱߵ̩δֵĿʯʳԼ裬ˣƺƴذѶǡ
һ·ͣһ·ɢϢ˵ҪԱֿս͢Ϊ衣
ʱü֪ˣҪ֡
ȵ֪ϢϽܵš
Ǽʶ㣬ȻʶЩԾ˵о̣У޲ðϢ½֪ġⲻ֪ͨ׼ô
ж˷˵Ķ飬ȻԸСļƻϽӱޣϻǣš
ֵ֪ͨܳ¿ֵ¿ҲúܲԾȥ¡
䭴ʱںԭƥҹ̸ϵԭӪһͼذ䭡
ҪôϢ©Ǳ߻᲻Ѿ
һ˳ߴ󺺣ʱȹϵϡ
ҵ޳ָûһ˼ȴ¶˺Ц⡣
õģֻǱ¸;ˡƣÿ϶ʵڡ
ȻҪĶȫǲܵġҲûָۣ͵ػǮѡ
Ի󲻽⣺
ô;裿
¶ôˣ»;裿ʲôԸɣ
䭵
ǰЩӣд־ˡ
໹ǲ⣺
ô˵˵Ҫ͸

ȻᡣԲǴ𣿡
ϵӵ۲ô׸裬ΪҪȵ˲ŻٿѸһأû뵽ȴ˸˸ͦ⡣
ںԭıֵؽϣǳҪú󣬻йأʵн񴺹ֵĴ㡣
ҲҪȺʵʱһҪ򣬱ӵһͣ˷δʺϳˡ
ת󾪵
ǻҪ𣿱һ˷һ̿ɾûôôˡ
䭺ԥص
Ȼ
һ㶣ȫû뵽ƶˣнȡĵĿȻѡȥ
ɱֹô죿
ʹǲȴѱֵ֪Ϣ
һϵıĶͷһЩ㲦˼͵
ô죿ݴͲ𣿹սô򣬻سսô򣿡
ʱȻ򣬺Ц
ٺ٣ǻøл£ֳֳǰѵ˸˳
ͬصͷ
ˡ
ʱ˭Ҳû뵽֪Ϣı֣ȫû˼ϽΪһǳؼӹ˷ǴҪͷڹˣ


82 
ȴ˵ַ棬 Ϊһڳϰѿ쳣ϸϢȥֻػشطС
ԣ ̩ȿʼģʮ߰죬ϢŴͥ
ͥɹ˹ҹʧɫҪ֪ ԭٽıֲԭǲء
ǵĲȾҪꡣ
ϵ壬 ƽʱǲηԭ̵ģ 򲻹ԭôн׳Ŀ ܾˡʤδף Ҫȴס
ֻҪֻڣ ʱƾƣϮ߹س Ӷʳ˿ڣ ô߹صʿͰղţȴް취
ΨڶǾۼһģ˿ڣ 󣬲 ȫڳֻҪƳǣ Ǳʧء
λ ӵǿµף Ͷʯ һƳǳصĿԼ
ǷܵļڣܶŮ˻ţڣԵϮٱӣ
ߵĴݵȣҲ֡
ʱɹ˹ʧأɾҲ޷ͥ˵ϻˡܱû̲Լ
ɹ˹ͥĴ󳼣һӦ󺹷Ԯɹ˹ǡ
ȴǴԡ
ǰѾפɹ˹ˣսҪˣ
԰ܹŶʮıɹ˹Ѿռ򣬱սߵı࣬Ӳ
˶֪ɹ˹ǣϴвòôǱôЩŮˣ
ûʣµı÷߳أ
һʱ䣬ɹ˹˳ʸ֮ġ
Ҳ⼸ʮ꿿ŴӴж׺Ӽ˺ܴܶճʮı
ˣҲǼҼһóһ׳Ŵȹģ
ЩڲԭæŸջʱ򣬺ܶ඼ҪؼҰæġ
ԣʮʵˮ֣ǴһٶʱԴʿ
ɹ˹ǳɹ˹ֲʦܹˣѾǺչˡ
ҪǶزƽ
ɹ˹Ĵ鲻Ǵɹ˹λϣֲֿǿĵ
˶ƹˤָЩ˸ɹ˹任̡
˵ֻҪ˵̣֤
ȡ֣
Ȼǲϵġ
ԭռˣɹ˹Ǻǿֻһɽ֮ҪǶԷһ㻺嶼ûС
˭Ըȥֹط
ˣ죡
׵ıֺŭغȵеǰǳܵʱ
ŴľŻѹ˵ģ˶ʱ졣
ŴľߵĶӵ
ܳ裬ԴԽֺܱغ󣬷Ըࡣ
ٸղಿ岮ǳܵʱûȥ
ȰŴľʻŹվش
ӾãӦɽΧȥ޻أ
֮ǰѾ۹Ƿԭ˾սĹҲûҪȷˣǱصزȡ˷صĲԡ
ɹ˹Ǵɽȵİ֮Уǳڶնܷѩ
Ҫȥɹ˹ǣֻһ··߶ɽܷ
ɹ˹ɽֻҪס·ڣʹеϮҲܰȫ
ŴľǶı
Σ

Ҳ޳ɹ̨˼
⻰ʱذͷ
һΣҲ벻õİ취ˡ

Ӿã»ΣͻϮ֮ߣ˴ô˲©Ϣⲻ̫硣
⻰΢ЩֵŴľɫȥ׷ʣ
ͼ

ɹ˹ѹ;б֪ܲ㡣ӻɣ˾ٻΪǲǿܻк֡
ֻҪַı㲻ܵóѡȻΪĹͨɹ˹ǵڴҪȫ¡
Ŵľصͷ
Ͱ˵ģɹ˹ȫ£ֽ䱸
Ȼûãһ֧Գƴµɹ˹Ǹƣȱֱ׷ȥֲҪܡ
ɹ˹ǵؽһƶյ֮ߣôƣֻԶ͵תͷسǣ׷Զˡ
*
±Ӽ͵˼ӵ۰ͷ
ӵۿ߹౨ʱڵס
һΣֳֳ˴ٶȵǣָֺӴ
ڣȫ䭵Ŀڴ־Ȼ
ǣǣɱ顣
˴ǼſˣǾȻ׷
ΪЩ˴ŵӵţ׺ı־Ȼͷڹꡣ
ɼжη䭡
һֱӼʶ䭶Աֵоһѻա
̶һʱ䣬䭾ȻչֶҪâʵ
ȻָǱֻܴˡ
ǣּ⣬ڶµ֮ǰɹ˹ǡ
*
ʥּʱ䭺ֵ¿ھȼӲ졣
Ϊӵ۴˴ѵõĴ󷽣׵ʯҲʳ˸˵ģǮó
ôʳͷһ뵽ӦЩ
ƲӵʱطּģȻµ񡣶ЩںాǿˣҲӼѡ
øܻңҲڱԭаտͬʱٶЩ˿ڡ
ʱѾǶ£ٹ£ȥֵĶջˣ˶ٹĸ£СˮҲոˡ
ʱ¾ҲⲿʳֻҪ˿ڲͣ㲻ȱ
ңЩİҲһֱҪȼšһ˻ϵϴ
ֻҪṩ¿ʱǾܳԼֳʳˡ
ϸ¹´ָϣ˰ˡ
˷˵⣬ҪǱǰ˲֪ٱ
¹Ǯȥ̶̵ʮ죬Ѿۼ㹻񣬴˻
ǰѾɵԭԭȵصĴľȼҪô˻Щѡ
ߣۿů죬ױ߲ʵڲ˳ھۼ
䭱ţʱ˾͸ϽǨԭȥ
ǱдõĴ䣬ȻʧޣѾô䣬Ҳǿסġ
˰ȥͷһֱӰ͵УаŻʳ漸£ȫų߲գԼˡ
ɴŲ顣
䭿ŴһϸذĲ飬ÿǰϰˣа˿
ҲǰΪڸĿظ߼˺ܶȻôˣԭȳʮ򣬻治֪Ҫʲôʱ
ʥּ͵
ǰ
΢΢ü֪ӵʲô۶ӡ
չû¡
дղӲȼͻȥ
ӵ۲ֵжȥһˡ
ǣʥּղȵڣŵȵ橹
˵ղʵһӪָʹΪıܿӱޣٶȽּʹǡ
Ĺٲ̫·Ȼǲеġ
ôãͷղȴ˿ûΪ䭳Ĳãһ䭣̬ȺܹشͬĽʿ
μ°ظףһҲ
Ȼˣмû˵ı뺷¼кüٽѺأǰ˭ô
ֲЦˣҲûΪǣó㰸˿۷ȫؽּ
ʥּǽӪָʹӲͷƤ
Ҫظ׼
վʥּݸߵ̣ص
ȥ߱£ڼæյÿˣԻȥֵġ
ӪָʹϷȴҲҶʡ˭һ֮ʡ
ȴּղһּͬ߹ǵǰѯʵ
磬ĲḸʵּ𣿡
ЦŰղΪ¹Щɢ޷
ڼµʿкܶҪæпȥ̡
⻰ɲǷܡ
ͨˮأũϣ׮׮¡Ϊ˸޻ȥЩأֲ
߹ڽҲ˵˲٣Ը磬̲סѵ
ǡϢѾųȥˣ㻹ʿæũ£ȱĹ᲻ֲ
ƶص
ᡣԽרעũ£Խ
߹ؿ
ôĵ
æŴ͵Ϯĺʱô
ɼҲûн͵˼ҲöʣϾǾ£һ˵©ϢͲˡ
ңķӦЩȫǽȥˣһˣȻҲٹ๡


83 
Ѯ ǵȵصĶʼⶳ
ǵȵصİǲԸ˷κһũʱģѾߵؽǿʼֲˣ ֶȡ
Ҳʼˮ̡ͨ
λѾֻ̽ҪȽصĲͨС
 ȻһǳƴĹ̡
ɵͳٹͨķ֧
ֵ¿˽ǽЩֿ

Ĳ֣ µʿͷ²
һǧ౱ַ² ٰ߰˽ԶԶ䭻׿˳ɼ֮һľӡ
丽ģɽԾסİɡ
Գ͢ɷ ÿ걾ҲҪ۰µģ ÿһҶһ׳
ȥۣ ξնĸԸȥġ
Ϊǲԭԭס񣬶Ǳˣ ֪ˮԴ͹ȵҪԡ
֪ͨ ܽӵˮ൱ƾոһ֧ӣԺٰͨķ֧ˮͨˮԼǴ ʹһɲ꣬Ҳûճˡ
ҿƴ ÿ춼ʮǮĲ ܷ һ׳Ŀ ܶǮɱǰԼˮҪӺöˡ
ʿӰգ ʮһ𶯹æ˰£ˮĸͨ
õϢ䭣ӱߵˮڴԲμˮʽ
ˮѾװϡ
ֲ䭻㱨
ִͽӣĿǰļǲֱӿˮģȻѴڣΪɾ̣µˮ֣ͨˮķֲ֮ǿġ
ˣⰴҪ֯һµʱֲͼֽ˼ʮ̨ˮ
ʱ򣬹ѾɼԱˮȫװϣĺӰȫǸߴˮԶԶź׳ۡ
Ǳ㿪ʼˮɡ
ߵӶģ
ʼˮ
׼õĸǣʮһ飬̧ˮ߽ӵǳˮͽ̹Ĳ轫ˮװ
ڿˮڣӵˮҲһСҪܶࡣ
ˮһãˮƶˮתˮϾ޴ľͰѸټˮɿصɲۣسŵ
ʮ̨ˮͬʱѾǷǳɹ۵ˮˮŽԺȫֱӿڵЧ
ۿһĻΪİǶʱ
ˮˣˮˣ
ѸȥˮͬʿҲϲõЦݡ
˶ЩˮȥȻᵽǵļ磬ԺҲܸɺ֮ˡ
䭱˵ȾһȥҲõڴ
ֲ˵Ӧؽⶳǰдģһ˵ϲˣˮܱ֤ĹȣôҲȿԷǿ
ңƽֻҪúάˮˮһֱáĵصĸڵظɺˡ
µǽ˹һ£Ҳһء
οǻԭʼķϣ˸רҵֲָ
*
ͨ㵽˴ʱ䡣
ӣʣũ󣬱㿪ʼæµ
䭾УҲһʿͣѵѻĵ޻
һϢȻǱйע䭶ı̽Ǵ˱ͥ
˵æڴһֱֲ̿ɹ˹ȥ򰢹Ŵľԣ
󺹣ԭũʱ͵ϮǱȻڷشĺʱ
ͷĵлᣬȻϽȡӽ¯ġ
ǸսɣĥƺУҲŵ
ջغԭ
ĺûᡣ
ŴľȻɲ޳ɴʱԭšü
͵ϮӺδ͵Ϯԭѹ֣ͲҪ̫سǡ
ɹ˹ҵĴȻ֮ǰһЩˣԵ
ɴӺԭԶĺ꿤ܷؽɽǱ룬ҹϮºԭǶš
Ŵľüǵдż䲻ȵص
ռݽɽߵأʮܣڲֵ´ɽйԭǣҪɹǱУȻܴѷӲԭǱȥԷԲҪȡʤ
ɹ˹Ĵ󳼶ʱƿԡ
һԵԵ
Ӿã²ܽ˱͵Ϯ
ԣ̾ץסİѱ
ȻȷʵСģǲҲ̫̰ˣ
죬ֻ˵һ仰
̨²֪ԭǱ͵Ϯǰλʲô
ʲô

ȫ񣬴ģֵءΪ԰͸¾ַأ˵ЩϵճǿԷһ룬Ϊȫȫֵȥˡ˭֪߾ȷʵһֱбֵأȴžҹɱ˺ԭǣȫԭؾ
ʱɫһݡ
ҲǾ°׳գʱշ飬Щλնġ
ǰųϢ˵Ҫɹ˹䣬ǲϵɱƣȻϵٴιʼʩöȡԭͬķʽǡ
пܾǼյ֮Чתٴ͵Ϯˡ
ûʶλĽթƣȻΪԷǴ㰲ķչռµأʱûг뷨
һǱᷢԮս
ʱطıȻٷϮռռ
ǽթ
ʹ˵еҲ˵
տڲԣҲʤ׷ֻǫض԰Ŵľ
Ҫɹ˹ǡ
Ŵľ΢΢ף
ٴ򾫱ǰ꣬أóȻ
Ӵ׺Ա˵شѾ˺ԭʧȥꡣ
ǣ
ͬʱžӸµưһۡ
ԾΪأ˵ƴɱ
ıûκα仯ȴȭͷ
ĹעֵܵĹ˾򰢹Ŵľǡ
걾һǧı򣬾ˣɹ˹ǵܹռ塣
ļҪҪջ񣬱Ҫռһֱı߽ҲҪأһɲʲô֧Ԯսˡ
Ҫ֧Ԯ͵õȥˡ
ԴˣŴľ
ԭһ仰ɱţսսһ߲Ϊ
һߵıйԭĶ죬Ҳú
ȫڲԭһˣʿҲˡ
ԭҪʱһѡռκơ෴ֻҪǳǽҰսǱʿǵĻᡣ
ԣ㲻ǱҲǽ֡
ֺķѵǴݣԱǵĹż
˼Ҳٷԡ
*
ӵ۴ȥĽ֪䭵ĻظùǺȴһ취ûУֻڳмӿ£ȨĲ
֪ϲ⣬ڴ
ֱǶ˵ľ棬ǣס˱˶ıһߵѹͻܶࡣ
ͬʱڵĺԭرΧɲ䭻ס
ôҲû뵽ס
ǣ䭲Ҳô
˶Уȡ
ʮ߾ӽķǮͱֵİȴô˸ʤ̡
ÿһȻ˲ء


84 
ȥ æµĴһʱˮµĴýˡ
Сţ͸׷ţ Լҵ￸һһؼңߵû硣
ڷСţУ ĸϵЦݸãЦݣںܶ岮үүǵ϶
˿Ƶʱ䣬 ÿ϶ҪԼĵȥѲһȦ һѲԼȺЩڷ⣬Ҳѹֲסڴ
ʵСţҲһ
ΪЩӽӣ ȫˡ
һǱ˵ū һʼ̫׷ֵص壬 ɵһ죬㽥˸ǵַĵϲá
Դ⸴ԭ ᵽΪ˵Ҹ Ķ˶ʡ
ɻʱٰӣҲٵŭϹپͱɱÿһٶܳԵñģֵʱǮá
ǮԻܶණ ů·ǣ ɣ ӡ
ﻹֵ˷ӣ Ȼƾɣ ȴȫԼĵط ǵļңͷûŵеĶû˿ߡ
Ӳӵĵݣʯͷӣ«£ÿһĶ᲻һС
мһƸ
һһ룬ӵһǣ͸׵ʮĶأѵøࡣ
ɹӵһ죬͸Լҵĥ˷ۣ߲˵һٲΡ
ȻڳɻʱżԵͷûɸƤԶڸϸ壬ɸȴø
ţǸп
ǿ˭뵽Ҳܹôõأ
СţҲ¶Цݣ
ǰۿԺԽԽأкöߵؽŶǰݺŲˣﻹдԵĵӣԺҲõİˣ
ԺҪԵ㣬׳׳ģʱòξЧ˵¶ȸԾڴ
ۿȫ󣬷Сţж˾ǿˡ
˵ƥҲΪµıɱΪȥĽĸױ
ڿսӢۣڿǰͦصؽ¿͡
ǰбʱĲŸպãСȥӦˢˣһֱиͷ´Ҫȥ
ţԴȫûûпǸĺӣӶøж־ȥЧܸˡ
Ժݺݵͷ
ãԺ󶼶Ե㣡ˣ
*
̫󣬱ҲûãʳɹˣͰǺܿ㽫ص͵븮ãսһ£䭱õܵĿ
ȥ궬µĴ󣬺ԭԭĸˮԴԳ㣬ĶԸһЩһĶһһʮطձǾʮƽĶһٽҡ
ʱûĵصİ˿ʮˡ
ǵĴ˼ū϶࣬ȫʮʮûصģ൱ֻʮˡ
ÿ˷ĶأĵʱֻжپʮĶؽ˸֡
ЩصܲԼǧʳɣǧ˰ʳļλʮʯ
ʿǲĽ٣ճɼԺԲƣȥ˷˵ʿˡ
ǵĴǣȨԼģһֻҪ䭽һ˰ͷѣЩйĻ˰ڴ˼շΧڡ
Ȼǿ䭵ʱٰպʿҲԼµĵ軧ūֲ˲١
ԴˣʱȥƶȸĸЩǵĵ⡣
ϾĵػкܶأټϴҲ֮һѾģиأܼģصعϡ
ֻҪûǲ۵ҪԭԭȵرأƽʱҲʵʵĶ˰㲻Ϊֵú󷽲
ļʮʯʳ㹻µˡ
ȻĿǰҪҪٹӦһʮһǳԺȣδݸʵǳԲġ
Ժٹ¾գʱһĵ⣬Լ׵ͷ˰Ҳʳ֡
ټĵس˹ٸ˲˽ʳʱ򻹿δʳҲóˡ
Ժ󲻱˷ѴͲ⹺ʳҲٵıӵۿˡ
յϲУֳһϢ
ȥݲɹ˻˵Ǳ򲻵ˡ
ɹ£ԭǹܵģֳˣȽȻ΢ˣȴûйӰߣ䭱Ѵ½ˡ
Ͼ·ǳҪ䭻ϣڸ׽
ԭһֱܾģںԭٳ£ʽ˸ة
ȻͷҲûпأһ죬ٺúŬŬοҲûпܡ
кԭܲţةصǣʮ
֪䭳һרŵųӪ˾Ӫֳܳ
ȻµĹͳ͢һ˾ְӪѾ볯͢Ĺɴ룬С͢ĸ߹ˡ
ҪĹְֳ̾òӦýһӣ¹Աǡ
Ͼ͢ƾȡˣҲٶκβм
Դˣȴص
ΪٴֻƷҪкιϵ£³ҹ棬һ£ڿϣҲ֮ǡ㿴˾ũֲϻ֣аն
ң֣¹ϵشҪĵˡڹӪũߵ㶼ֹٺʲ
ֳŽˡ
Ȼû˵ʲôȴҲΪ䭶Լ뿴رܸжһҪô¡
Ȼȥزȴһֱ±ع׵ذѿŲԼƳũ
䭣ȴΪһǰδе鷳ҹףҲԹ෬Ŭȴ޷ˣֻ߾취
£ԴڶǱ߽ӵκ󡭡
ʵǰ¾Ѿͷʱȥ˻˵ݷѾӵǣʱ¸˿ͷֻ˲СĴͨ·ؿ
һǰ²ºմŭֱּն˿ͷ˶ݿأϽκǡ
Ϊ˲ϵĹñԴݿʼϲȥǾαװҲ޷ˡ
ȥ˸ԶЩ󣬵õĴҲͶݲࡣ
·ĸؿҲϽ
üͷ΢ӵǻعڴʳ϶·Ѿˡ
ũߣ촫ͳʽ׺ݷǹ벻󡣵ȷʵ
ȱж٣
̵ֳ
ãǴũҲˣĿǰȱֻѾܵͣȴòΪԶƻ
ȱڴϲڲ㱨¡
ԭŲʲô¶õ˧ģȴԼôŬˣֻܸ
ԣͷĵǱɢ˴룬ɫ
һȥֲصǣ಻ĸ£Ǳд󡣡
ֳһͷˮ
кΰ취
ŵµؼǼӵԺֻԽԽ£ǱҲɵŪȥ
ȴûϸ˵
Ŀǰ͸¶Ժ֪ġ
ҪȻɹ˹䡣
ȥΪǳĿǰûַ֡
ҲΪǱֵأĿǰƬԭûʲôء
⼸¶෽̽Ѿó˽ۣĿǰ׵ǲǵġ
Ұս͵ϮͰΧ׵ʮޣռκơ
ҪɱУֻս̫ң򲻵ѣ׳
ҪڿҰսȡѹƣÿӡ
ߵȵʵʱ͵Ϯֵ
ĿǰȫݷǹȷܲóֻܵȴպĻᡣ
ʱ򣬾ȫأʿȻԽԽиǽļո㹻ıҪԮºսߡ


85 
Լӵ˵һļڡ
λǵǱߣ ڱ׿Դһ¶û˳ȥ֤ǳû취ˡ
˵Ϊǰ© ˷չ׳ĻᣬҲá٣ ǣű֣սȻսѣȴΪûԮ ûľء
ң ֻҪû㹻޷ټԺҪڳʰʱҲЩ
ӵ鱨û죬 յһϢ
£ ˡ
㱨
ǻʺĵֶ ݼҵܳĴڣ⣬ Լнӹλá
ӵ۱һ٣
βˣ

·ģ ˻ɵūߡ
ӵף˵ģȴʮοȻ˵ˣ Ǳһʧ
ˣ󵳵ļƻ ڿĻˡ
*
ӡ˸ɱˣ
̫཭ʧݻʺš
侲ݻʺʧɫ
ô£
֮̽һһʮظ֪ݻʺ
ȥ꣬ ʱɵ֮ؽݳνݿأ ԭǻΪ׼ ȴû뵽ǱͻȻ֣ Ϊ󹦼ʱ˷ˣȡ˲ĳɼ
ôҲû뵽ͽлвΪԼֵܼ˱𣬾ǲϧѪǱ븮ôɱʡ
Ϊذжûȹжˡ
Ǳαװ͸ķͽҲηԾ
ݻʺæ׷ʣ
ݸɵ֪Ϣ

Ϣݸġ
ݻʺʱȽһڷϡ
Ǹ۰ӣױͲಡ齣ܾجĵĴ
㲻ҲĲ飬Ҳûʲô
һλñȻҪиˡ
ףǾѱȵݺ͵ϼ֮λġ
ǰǶǰǸƭˡ
˼ʮһֱװǫӵ۶߹ʵȨֳҲûзԡΪһ֮ӶĶӣȻҲᷴȨ
ֱеȨԽӴ󣬲ŲĿ
֪ԭôһֱĸڻĸݺ͵ĸףϷѩҹողһֱǺĸĻ⡣
ƺﰵһˣݺδ
Ůõ۳ֻУݼڲ̬ȱԽǿơ
ԭΪ˴֣ݻʺݺͶһֱãݻʺ֪Ѿ޿ˡ
ƲˣͻȻײò
⣬˼ӵ۵Ը
ǿӲ˼ʮݻʺ󣬴˿һɼ
ӵ񱾾˲ȨѾѹݼңݼһڶȻ˥
һ㶼ݼҡ
ڶ磬ݸϢݼҵϼͻجεûѾǽȳˣõĴҲ޲ߣֻüҾ׼¡
ݻʺס˲˫֣Լ»ָ顣
µֻȫһˡ̫˳ǻֻܾ촦
İˣҲԼѡǱӵĹӸɱ
*
պݼϼ
ɥƺƴ󣬾ǡ価֮˱ȹݼҵĽ֡
˭֪񷨣ϼȥݼҶӱȻڼТеľȨýȥ
ԽǿƵı˵ջȨľʱ
˭Ҳû뵽ݼɥĵͻȻޱ䣬ɱ졣
ڶһ磬ϳĴǿ½̧ʬ壬˳֪ݻʺȻͬݺͷңͼı
ݼյһ֧ɱ빬УʮգҺݺ֮ĹͨϢñзѹңնɱݺ͡
񣬾ݼ˵ؾ֪ϢȺףѾ˻ؾӪҪȫһ粨Ρ
׵Ļʺ̫ӵˣҲͨͨѺ˸ԵĹУȴá
ʱ˻ԴŶưȥͻʺ·
һƬʧ룬Ψлʺױ룬Żʺ̩Ȼڷϡ
̬׺Цһ
ǻʺͷҲάԼʺǡ
ʺؿûд𻰡
ȴԹԵ
ƫ棡ˣ︾
һӵϣһѽʺ·
ʺڵأͷϵķһأͷҲɢˡ
׸
ʺ¿˵ˣƾԸú·أ
ܿܣʧʲôĥпܵģݻʺ־Щ˿ûĵ˼̵ֻض
뻢ıƤףΪݼңԼк³
׵оӸµؿƽص
뻢ıƤԶݼұ΢ӣֻۿǷվȨ۷壬ʱһֻһҡأ߸ϵĻʺ̫ӵ£ƸݼҼǰͷҲˣ
ڽҲͻʺģѸ˵ãºѾˣŴ˴Тǰ˽׹̡
ֱʱݻʺвӿǿҵķߺ벻ʡ
ôҲû뵽ıô࣬ȻֻΪ˻Ǳ
󹦸ɣȴ˿ȨֱӼˣװױ˼ӵǹ
һӵۼʹĹΣҲһ׵⣬ƴе
޵ˣȻܵõ³
ܣǹ϶ŵŮʺģô׷ݼңȥ
׿ʱҲ޷άסյ򶨸߰¶Ц⣺
ƫģˣͻʺ·
ûöƣҲûиذԲã˻ðսĲӣһһʹʧȥеϡ
һһϢʹУݻʺϢ΢ֻǻķߺ벻ķ
ӵĹݼҵȨƵϵλȨȴ˿˶飬
ıСˣȴܰȵسΪ
˲첻
*
ֻ֮һʱ䣬ӵ۲ų״нӹݼҵȨ
յϢȷԼȥûгκ⣬ӵŷ
ʶַ˺ܴõףҲûģֱӷ˸˳һΪ˰Щݼҵ˵ģһ棬Ҳ˿ΪЧĺô
ЩȷһʧˣȥӴ⹬
ԴӹɻӹȫóԼĹţΪʣҲǶı
ᣬѾû˽¼档
ò˺ܶ࣬ȴԽˡ
ӵǻȨյϲ֮Ųε¶
̣󹦸ɣԺҲίˣ
ڹУϢͨǵáӵۣ⻰ʱϲݺݵͷ
ʮĿڰˣԺ㶼ˡ
Сʤ»飬⡣
´󣬼ӵ۱ŵ
ȱ߹ս½ޱǵ߻̫ӣ
ҡҡͷ
´ﶦʢҪ̫ˡ߻ͻС˭֪ϲʵΣ»ǲҪ嶯¶Ϊá
Ҳֻ̫࣬һֱͱأǶƽƽıˡ
ӵ⻰е鶼ˡ
ȫҲֻ̲ôɵŵ̫֮λҪ
ʲôȨƸ󶼲ںںľֻӣȫõŮӡ
ȴΪȫõһС
̫ӿȲʺ֮λܲƴ˰ɣ

Ҳȱ߹ս½˵ң¶ú
ӵǰ·ӣŴǰĻ¸ˡ
ѾʮˣȷʵͲСˣ֪󣬼ӵ۳ص
úúãʱĸ޾ּͻ顣
˵ȷʵޱЩȴ˵ŮȨգҲٻ£ȻҲͲټƽǰ£Щȸĳ
оӵ̬ȵı仯±ûԾٶȻָ۶ɡ
ѡ£˺ܶſĻϸԼȥȴȫˡ
ЩҪôòãҪôѧʶȲѣҪôƵزɾͳͳ䲻
Ҫ֪ʺ̫ѾˣԺĻλܵĪ㞋嶤ĳȻҪѡõƥԼ
һʱѡй˵ʱˣԺϲ˵
˭֪˵⻰û죬ʱԼӡ
󽫾ĸ῵ӣϫòò˵Ҳǳߴ˫ȫǶһ۵֮
ѵõǣ֪ݵʱֹôŮӣ޵ĲûУȫĿбӣһòʹڵȫһ
֪ݣҲȻ
һ˲;ãԼҪķ
²˳٣ص̸˵¡
˵Щɣ
¶ϾǱ߹佫֮ӣ㸸ϲȨǣ̫ġ
ȴô࣬ѵϲˣȻڱصõģŤ
ĸʶôã˭Ҳ˼ѵһģѵҪΪЩĪеĲ²⣬ͻ˼ҵҸ𣿡
ңεĽǶ˵ϫĸбȨϫһ𣬶ȹ̵ܵܵĵλҲкô
ҲЩҡ
ϾŮ۹ߣѵ˺ģȷʵ״
ðɣȥǷ˵ôá
ڴȴûȴϫѾˡ
ôܣҲţܴ

ôܣ궼ʮˣǰδûǣТóˡ
ΪˣϫȴҲĺѡϡ
⻰
ô˵Ȼδ޺üˡ
δ˭첻˵ص
˵̫ҵŮ
õ𰸣˼ȴ̻Ծ
һ֮ŮĹѵܱȲһ֮ҵССŮ
⣬ʱȥżϫ߳ŵʱרŵΪӵ
ϼ佫֮ңһ㶼ҪһӺҾھʵģϼǳ游׳ĸھΪʡ
ϫھȴҲŵģڽְҪǲǲѴ֮
Ů׷иɴ
ʱһڸλʱ̱˹עŵĹֻҪ΢ֳ˭ĺöͷȻ˰ȥ˵ʹ
ûã˰Ѵ¸֪ھصϷˡ
ǸʶȤģѾԵرֳлԼҲùԾȥˣù϶˷
ϼұҲġ
ƫϫǸӣ˵Ǵ̫¼ҵδ޲Ȣ˵δʶḶ́ԼǶô־ȤͶӳϣԴίķʽ֪Ѷˡ
ԽǾܾԽ͡
Ȩ֮»˵ˣǡ
Խ÷ϫˡ
ϾΪ֮ŮʲôֿɵãսԵ˲ܸȤ
λ̫ŮԺĸͻ飬ҸõķҲǶԵˡ
ⷬ˼˵̫ﰵʾһ̫ҵڶ͹Թȥϼ˻顣
ԭΪϫûδޣûֵԺὥĸԸ
ȴôҲû뵽λ̫ҵŮȻ벻ϵԾˡ
ľǣϫ˵º󣬵һڷˣ˵ǼȻ޷ޣȥܵظػδޡ
ֱӵ۰ʷӵǰ֪¡
ӣٿӵɫֱſˡ
ûôһС»ˣһˡ
ܺϲ˽ôྫʵôҪˣôΪ¾ͷ
ʣңҴûҪǣĲ֪˻Ϊ¾ɱ
Ͻӵ顣
˵ŮΪȴŮӵæŹ
£ǿ¶ģûʲô˼ĵġˣǺúòǣ¶Ϊǳ
ԭӵǺģԼŮ±ʷ飬÷ǳˡ
ɿҲΪŮ˻֣̿㲻ٿˡ
Ͼֻ³ҵĺӣٽһ±ˣûҪΪ۵Ҳ¡
ɫӵ
ˣҪ͹úùܹͷȥˡ
ǣѹ˵ӣָϼҺ̫һЩʹ㽫½ҹˡ
Ȼû찲ӣ㴫Ϣ
ַʮ򣬱·ֱӶ
ǰսߵıѾߵķغܳˡ
ҪѸٷֳʤ
ˣǶ³ǻӷ߶Σա
³ˣΪ֮һشƽԭɨ
ӷˣΣյıǾǡ


86 
ȴ˵ַ棬 ȻϣȫעһģȴȻûȵ䭵͵Ϯʱ ԹΪ׵ĺսɣŲԭոĽԽԽ꣬ һǰľϡ
ԭĵϴȻ죬ں겻
еشӺд˺üŻͥ򰢹ŴľԮ»սߣ ȫ
Ŵľŵ˳ ѯڹ󳼵Ŀϵ˶ͬĻ
̨˵ûûӹǣ
ԣ㿴ֵؽ˷ˣ ڲ͸ ûҪԭ˼
ԭ ԭĵ̿ຮƶ񤣬ҪʿΪУ ʵǵòʧһҧȥȫ⣬ ͷȴܱǸӵĶԸʴΪС
ûԭóڧˣ
ս ˮĺʱ𣿡
ֻɼԭĿ
ˣ ܾһԭЩһ ǲܵġ
ŴľǸѪɣ ˶սӰ£ ҲѾٵˡ
ԭϵոѾ ȸǨصУϾҪʼ׼ˡԭϣҲҪʼա
սԭǱñ׳ʱ򣬺̵סȥɱ
ȻȷʵǸܴвò
ҪصҲ÷ںϡΪض࣬࣬ԭ˺Ͳԭ˶ϲıء
뱱ֿսĿԼͣҾ㿪սҲѡڲԭǿʢ＾ǼʹǺҲռ̫и˾㹻ˡ
ϾģΪ˷궫ߵĳǽѾӹ˵ʮ׺ټϳǽǰͷͶʯٴμӿ˵ĻǺӣʹͶʯҲѹƺꡣ
ǼȻĿǰѾڳ˱ȻӦþȥ´ֻ򣬶Ӳͷ¹
ҪĿ껹Ƕºشƽԭ
ḻ˿Ҳ࣬ҪǣԭľԶҪԽӵƽԭƿء
սҲҪսġ
֮ǰĽѾ֤һζ๥³ǲһǵѡ
ԨϼһسսͬǸѿеӲͷ
ǾͲϸɽ֮ƣѾռݵɳ£ֱսߣ͹£вǣʵʩѹ
һʵۺпٴԨԮ¡
Ȼ㶦²ɱԮʵҪսߣҲ޷ٷֱ˼¡
ʱǵɴɳϱߵɽ붦ϲأֱشƽԭ
ռɳһ꣬ڵץ·ɽѾ˿ɹƥͨеĵ·ǳʺͻϮ
ʱ򣬶±ϱֱӳΪһ³ǣʧȥԭľ裬ֻʱ⡣
ңҪƶ¡
ΪһǽأԨӲֻҪɱ˳ǳأǱ־ɱԭĻᡣ
ùŴľǲȥ˺꣬ùΪͳ˧ͻϮ
һжհŴľİɵؽš
*
³ߣӴı־ԽɽƺƵسشƽԭϡ
ΪͻϮٶȣȫװ󣬸ûٿ
Աʿ˵ǳ̬
ȫԭһҪС߱衣
ʵҲԵģڵץЩûʲôԭҲһܶԸ
Ӳԭ˺Щĸһ·¶ޣЩԭȲҪԭ뾫ϸʳ
һشƽԭͰռȶĿ꣬ȳ˵س¡
ֻǸسǣˣֻһٱҲδܵеùοѹѹļ
һ˵ϢʰֱӾͿӱ޵ش߳ˡ
һ̣سžͱơ
һ֪ذǣͻȻ˼
ʳӿأɱ٣̣Ů޶
վسߵĳ¥ϣͬ׸һ㱻µʿ׷ϣɱ¾ǵĿ޺УϴųЦ⣬
ʿǣܰɣǶǳ;ͣ
µıֱǹֽŻӦ
˧ĹЩԽ޼ɵض˼Ҿ硣
*
²ãղƴǰţرִռˣ
誴Ҵܽ˧ʣɫصԼҸ
ԨҲǴʧɫ
жˣ﹥ģ
誵
ŵ˵ǴӶģ֪жˣѹѹһƬˣ
ԨǽϵͼĿԶɽϣϵ龪ɲ
̽ȥ̽
ǣ
붦ֻһٶ·ӱ޲һͻˡ
ԨϤ̽ӻǺģƽ˸Ϊȷеĵ
̽ӿУԨӲ֪˵ˣ˵س˼ľ
سȫִռ죬ʱڳŰȡ֣°Ǳɱ˴룬ŮӺ̣ͯﵽѪʬ塣
ر꣬û˱ԨӸִǺ󣬰ǻʲô
ɴʱ˿̣лǳ˳޵ŭɱ⡣
ǰȥ°գ
ԨĬã׷ж͸ű롣
û˱ƽԭ뱱潻棬жҡ
һȥ
ʿпܶز
ǲòս
ǣţʿʱڱ㲻ȥŰ
ңⲻΪ˰գҲΪԼս
ִеĿĺԾǳŶġ
£һ̳Ҫ
ôҪȥһͼøײҪôѹɵصҲǲ˿ûʤ㣬ɱжԸˣ£Ҳ
˵Ƕ³ǽһ뱱ƵĴģսս
˵ʵǸİ
ѶԸĵطٶ̫졣ܽһطɱήͲ١
ƥٶһ˫н
İѸٲ嵽ΪϺŷƬƥٳ£Ҫ̫˵ȣˤ
һζεɣҲĵῳϡ
ֻҪס˵һٶȽͺûγ֮ǰ޷ͻưΧȦ
òСȥܶγЧɱˡ
ԨŶͬ˪ȴôЦ
ѵɱУȴҲ̫ɡ
ȥɣһҪСġ
Ѹм±ȥ
±ȻǳȥյУһ뱱֮սѵشˡ
*
Ԩ֪Լֻʣ߰ıԼ߳ǵıǸ޷¸ʮıִġ
ƱҪʵɾ֧Ԯ
ͻϮľ飬УӼٶȱӱ͵˾ǡ
Ȼһͬ³ִļлͬѹ޴
һ߿¹ؾƽԭޣǻһ֣˵϶¡
¹棬д󳼣ͬԮԨ
ϾµñػشƽԭִȻ뵽شƽԭסµûôˡ
еıӦȫս߲ǡ
ӵͬΪġ
ҪǣѾ׵ıַ֧û٣̫ܵˡ֧Ԯ£ҪӶߵ
Ӽּ⴫򶫴󽫾һ֮ڣʮϵ¡
ԨפصĶ£ֻܿ뱱߾ԼŬˡ
ӵ͢Ӽصּ⣬ѾǾˡ
ʱԨפضµĴű־ӵһҽ
߳ǵľӣڹȥһ뱱ֵսУѾʧ٣޷ٵı
±ǱߣҲֹۡ
ʹʿǵҲʮֲء
ֻǣסһ౱ģѾʼռܱسǣȳɱӣԼаΧµơ
Ҫ˶೤ʱ䣬±᳹ȫλΧΪһ³ǡ
͢Ļظʶǰδе֮С
Щ˶սĽ죬ʱҲ벻κ֮Чİ취ƽⶦ´ʱ֡
׵Ԩʱ̾һԸ
̿ӱŵǣԮ
ڽ󾪣

󽫾¾ǧ֮ңôԸǣ
ǵõ鱨ͱµĹϵɲ̫áǧôԸⳤ;ʾȡ
ôооĿһʲСĿ;Ȼٱֱķա
Ƿ뱱ȥһսһֱŻ״̬ζٴ뱱ΪУȻһĺƽ״̬
޽ôΪ˾ǳ˴ʧ
Ԩͬɫأ
Ψһϣ
ǵĹγ֪ѡȻؼӵ۶Ĳ¼벻
ûбİ취ˡ
ֻȶشƽԭİǡ


87 
սСͬ һȻٽ߳ǣȴ˿ûܵսϮڷյϲС
ʱѾգ ﵽɹŴѣǰݺİ ҲɹŽӲӵӡ
ǼҼһ·ӣʹ³ȣǾȣ г˶δڴ
һĴ ֵǰֽͷҪҪ˾Ϊӣ ˽¶ڱԹ ôĵأ ô鷳˵ ûʵЧǰ ǶٶЩͷ
ɲŵֵĵأ˭Ҳʧȥ㲻鲻Ըظͷָʾֵء
ȵӳʱ򣬴Ҳŷ֣ ԭͷĹү˵ĶģЩ취ȷ
һ Ӳֱӷ ǲһЩģ Ҳаٷ֮ʮҵ
ŵʳ ǰĵЩʳ ôǷӣŶȡů㲻ٶˡ
ǿͳƽյĲ׼˰
ӵԮŵֵ¿Щ졣ôҲû뵽ԨȻ˱΢ĿǣֻԮ
˿µȷʵ൱Σˡ
˳Ŀ⣬ûиκγŵֻһص
򱱴󽫾Ҳǲףæʵڳ鲻ԶСֻܿԼ֧һˣȳ͢ͺˡ
ŵСҲ֪ԼǿѣϣôҲ׷
ధ
ܳˣȾȶ£Ⱦشƽԭİǣ
ֵ¿ȴ̾˿˰ȥˡ
СƹֵķߣŻص³ǣȴǲ֪Ϣ㱨󽫾
ǴеϣȴûԮ
ȴû뵽󽫾̬쳣ƽѾ³˼֡
Ǳ߲ϳ
Сͷ
ǡ
ְֵܳĻһ顣
Ԩⲻ֮ʣ̾˿
ȥϢɡº͵ص
֪ĿԲ󣬴ʱԨȻʧϢȴҲûôԽܡƽضཫ
µֻܿԼˡֻʣһһ䣬ҲҪ뱱ֶԿס
ֱֻԭأǹƶ³ǣֱһࡣʱؽشƽԭİǴصѡ
ɫ㣬
׷󽫾
ΪҾһֱԱ߽ΪΡʱ˿̣Ѿƴľġ
ʱһȥڶؾƴֿУִİΧȦԽԽСֱؾȫƽ˳
ʱ˫ʧһֱؾǱֵ
ִ߰ǧؾȴʧࡣ
³ǰ誴ߵˣҲֻʣͷȴҪٶĸܹ౱ִҽ
ǣ³ǱʧȥеĲ
ĸţÿһ춼űִһһҵĳ
ཫʿźĳǽƾƼѵػŶ³ǡ
Ͷʯ봲ıִǰͺ̵سϳǽʿǸܵǵصľУԽƴ
ҲҪӵ汳
Ԩڳǽ뽫ʿǹۿһһʿǵ£ʹޱȡ
Ѫʮ򾫱Ѿʣ¶ˣЩˣ֧ŵʲôʱ
ƺҪľһһˡ
֮󣬱Ƕ³֣ʮִ֮شƽԭ
սһ̣١ģ
ػôشƽԭ֣ǵ壡
Ϊ޷ʱͻȻŵʿϲ㱨
󽫾󽫾ŵıִˣ
ʲôԨţôͻȻˣ᲻թ
Էҡͷ
ûթǾͻȻձܶݶûᣬûӰˣ
Ԩսɳʮ꣬ͱִ˼ʮĽҲû˹Ρ
ɲô˵û˱ߵѹ³ǵѹһ룬һ¡
ϱߵıִЩûִͶʯ̫
ƺٹӲдһˡ
ֻô޷⣬ǿıִʲô£ôƴȴͻȻˡ
Ǹ޷Ǳȳ˵ıֺյ¡
ʵڲףôͻȻ֮䣬ԭṥǵɱͥýطˡ
*
»ôʮǰ˵
ʱĲԭϣѾƣȺ뿪ʼȦˡΪٹһ£ԭϾͻѩ
ԣľ飬ǱţϽص
ֲÿÿϰٵţ򣬹иǶＸʮͷǨĹ൱ƴ󣬼Ҫʮɡ
ǻصǰɹ˹ǼһճǣҪ̫ķ
ˣɹ˹ǵɹ˹ؾһţһġ
Ϊ˷ǽڴפȻȫػڳǣȴôҲû뵽յ£лسǵɹ˹峤ŵ˵ڷңдϽѹ
һԼҵغͳǳﶼɾ衣
οɹ˹ĳʣǸĲԭӣϢ
µǣЩǰԭץķ²Ϊͳηǳе£Ȼ峤˷ԸǱȻεء
һǧڳ⾯䣬̴һѸٸˡ
֪Ϊ͵Ϯɹ˹ѡַɽ֮Уͨڵֻһ·߶ɽǳ÷ء
ռŸߴĵƣͼɽȵĵ˾ʲô³
ôҲû뵽ЩפɽϵرͻȻǷ
Ĳʱʹõľʯһֿ̫಻ĺɫ
еϮ
˾ؽгͻȻ¡죬ֻоһϮߵͱ޴ĳ죬Ѫɡ
ûüӦһɫ¡
ҪǣʹûϮĵطսܾʧȥ˿ƺֱײ޷Ч򹥻
һһ£һһεĺȻ죬̶һӣɽ·ϱز֫ϱۣĲԭʿŵĲˡ
ҵľں֪طӦ
ף
ΪܹԭǷɾ裬ռɹ˹ǣȻǽǣ·϶ǽ
ЩҲˣΪڳſڵЩˣҲܿ챻Χ£ĽһҲûѡ
޿Է̵ʱ
ŵĲԭʿҲȫķ²ؽǳ¥С
Ѻһϣˮδڶһ磬ͷԭڿغʲô
˵ʲô
ʷ²жԭˡ
ɫףۺ־壺
ʦ˵Ҫֺͥ޷һ·򱱣ֱͥ
һݡ
û˱ϲףͥж顣
սߣռʮֽ࣬ʣµıֻࡣ
򣬲ںɹ˹һͷɹ˹ǳؼܹͥһǧ
룬ֱǣ޷Ĵ󺹡
뵽еغʱżѣ
ͥ޷취Ǳţ
򲻸ˣҹи²һңһƥˡ
ʱ˧֮У䭸
ˡ
ڵƹŴǺԭȵ£ֻǵ˵ͷ·𲢲⡣
վ̲סеɻ
ֱ͵ϮͥôΪʲôҪ©Ϣ
̧ͷһ죬֪𸴣λɽҪüҹ˯žˡ
ӹóһ¸졣
ӹѸĶһ飬üͷýģ
¸漱Ϊ˽ⶦ֮ΣŹ©Ϣģ
׷ǹʵģΪ˶Ҳ̫ˡ
һݾߣ㹥±ֵĳǳأҲ׽ֺʱЩ˴򲻹ԭɢܼ֮ܵңǵڰæ
ֻǿһ㣬ָص
Ϊ£Ҳȫǡ
˵ţվָָͼһ㶣漴һ
ƣ


88 
ԭϲԭ ѵأս൱ҲȻһơ
Ͼʳͬ ʿĸͷͲԷ˸ߴǿ׳ټϱʿ׺ݱ뺷ս սȻҪԼĴȡԷ
ϣľ棬ң ֻ ҲĲ
Ըȴʱѡȡ
һΣս߼˱ֵĴ ŵ׵±ֵɹ˹ǡ
ˣ Ϊ˹󸹵صԭգ Ϊ˳һ飬öڲˡ
ô¶һѧʡ
;Ԯ ·ĹؿͲù
֮䣬 һƬܴɳĮȥ£Ҫôٽ߽ı߳ǣҪôҪСΪٶȣ Ȼֻ߱߳ǡ
¶¸漱Լӵ۵ɣ ҲʲԸԽ߳ȥԮ¡
ֱܲһ·Եأ ȹԼ˵ĳǳأ ȥ¡
ߣ Լӵ۶ļɵ Ԯ£Ԩ˵һ¡
ԣΧͥٻض²ֱõĽⷨ
ҪԭϮţҪĻսȻǵĳǳأƾЩԭڲԭȥɧŽԭգ׾١
ˣ䭴˴εĿʵǱͥǳԮ͢ļ
ǻͥԮ·;ǧȻʺϷĵط
Լҵµ˼쿪ʼ鼳̽ƳĵıֲԭͼҺʵĵط
ѡеһ߶ɽϿȣɹ˹ʮơ
ҵһ鱦أ˷ܣ
£˴ڱԮıؾ֮·ϣηǳʺڴ˴
ȴûи϶Եص
ϸ롣
ʼղÿһսΪƱҪһЩսΪһͳ˧ʵҪôͣҪս˼ά
ⷽǸԵˣҲ䭽ӻӪѬս̵ԭ
⻰ʱ˳˼
˺һЩص
̫ˡյ¼յͥţȻѾ֪ɹ˹ǵģǸĽ죬Ԯ;бȻῼǵٴαĿԡԵ֮أܿΪ˰ȫС
ͼ˺һָһţɽɽ
ɽͣ·Ҳ׷ĵˣҲʺϵתͷܡ
յ£ѡ·
룬ֵ
Ҳų֮ţ·߶ס
䭵뷨ıϣף
ˡ
õ˿϶ܣٽ׼ײߣ
ţɽɽ̫ˡң·ɽĲֱȽ϶̣ҪܵضɱУͱھ˽ɽ󣬶סǰ·кܶʯ˵ɽСδôʵľʯ֪Ƿըɽٶסǰȥ·
Ҳеİ취Цļ޵
ƽʱǺʱ򣬷¾ȫ㣬ѾдıƱȥִд˴񡣡
ըɽ·ǽִսкܳĲԣ;Ҫ͵ϮȻû»ط鲢˲ŵġ
񣬱ǿóʱˡ
첻˼ͷ
ǱȲÿհԶͰѱƱŵˣ϶ˡ
ûзϣȥȷеսԲڽ֮ǰƻ
ȥ
ڶ죬㱨
ܳˡ
͹ȥ
˧ûãȻֵ¿һ糾͵س߸
ӭȥеشֵ¿ɫ
ౣ;棬ɻã
䭺ֵ¿Ⱦõģӹɹ˹¹ش󣬲޴ĲƲҪ⣬Ҫԭƽ²
Щˣԭ²඼׸滹ķ²壬ҲֶԴԭȫɱ
ϾвЩʿѾˡ
ңµعϡЩϤԭԭס˳ҲǲͶ
漰⣬һҪǿֶѹЩ˵ķʹֱȫ
һ棬ҲҪʿǶԱ˵ĳǰѱʿͨıԴ˵ǶԴԭһһңȴҲ̤ɱ¾
ҪռĲԭԭв˸Ͼɱһ׵·Ǳںϡ
ԭںϣǵʽ֪ԭռƬأ󻼡
Ȼͻԭʱڵķ⽨ʱһūһͻʣͻֵŮ棬ʹԭı߾Զ޷
ŽƽҪĶһ޷ǾǰҵԱůֻҪЩֲѹǣЩ˱Ϊ˳
ԣԴ岻һζѪ΢ƴƽ²ǺбҪġ
ˣҪһ㹻ִ֣ס档
û˱ԭΪֱ࣬Ϊܳ뱣ֵ¿ʡ
ѹصʿҲ㹻ָӵ
䭵ļƻֵ¿ǿҪҪûиʵѡҲӦˡ
ΨһĹǱֵ¿壬Ƿܳ;档
ͷ棬һ;ƣûһ
˭Ҳֵ¿ʱļ
һֱֻռйڱϴʤ̻ռԷǳصʱ
ӹֲܱԭͳǰģǵǶأô޴ţƸ
˹ȫʷˡ
˷Ṧΰҵˣ㾡ΪڵĴӣβԺء
˵ܿһ죬˶Ŀˡ
ȻڻкܶطõܵĻ뾡Щͷ
£ҲۣϺú˯һˣ
ذڰֵȻ˳һȲҪʼӡ
䭶û취ֻø˳е
ǸռǳأɨϱֵĲдţ֮ѾϵȦˣһָչȫֹš
ܹջ˶ٲսҲûüһһ£㡣
ֵ¿
һЩú㾡ܷĳȥɡս󡣡
ûзԡ
ǧأþ¸ȫֵ¿ǲ
ּ򵥵ضصǧʿƴƽ²˼빤ɱ²ĳͷʩƺƵسͥķˡ
;ȴǳźҹֱܷһǰȥյµĻԮӡ
ԼĵعͨͥĿںǡ
봢мֻҩĴܷḻǱߴ㹻ףרըɽõĻҩռݵƣ䭲̫ġ
ԼߣǿЩоٶȣ㻨Ÿϵںǡ
ˣǱҲ㹻ʱȥںǡ
žӵںʱȴ¥Ͽһˣȫûз
еѹˣȷʵûˣ
һǧ˽ȥ̽ʵӪָʹǰ
˵ţЩ߷߲ƽ
Щ̫ܵˣܾܣѶˣֱճǸǣĩԺҲˣֱӽӵˣ
ǰҲûԵҲʧ
ϾյµҪĿ꣬ͷܼҲûϵ
ңںǲɹ˹һԭݱ߽磬ҪرѡַԱѹ
λڱָأǳѡַͷ϶̫ģǽ׺Ϊ˱ʧǰҲ֮С
µıԹЩЦ
ˣҲǳǵĲģûоûаɡ
˵
ȫ
ԭعϡ򵽴˴ѾԭİٶԶˣ䭲ǰ
һֳǳطԲ䷶ΧѾܹ㣬ԭعϡ̫ùҪһʱ
һ棬ͨͥ⼸·֮ǰһƽкܶɽءԷ֣ҲȻǿܷġ
ɲʿȥͷ
ȻûפȴҲо͵ϢĴˡ
ûʧ󣬾ʹ˽ݱ
ŵʿһϲɫ
Ҳָţɽɹյ²ڣߵǧˣ²ǧ಻һѣ


89 
յأʵ
ŵıʱЩ
յˣ ûץ
ֻ˳һʣ
յǱֿɺӣ ±»ҲǺġ
һ˱ֽõսյ£ ֺüӣ䱾˵ļֵʵ塣
ץ ûץҲӰ֡
޷ ȥϢɡ
ȻǱѾɹûҪٴ˶ıפڿںעˡ
Ȼĳǳأ Ҫסġ
ǳȻ̫У ȴܺܺõط䲿ռݵĽ ռڷ߱ƣԼĿǰռݵĲԭǺкôġ
һʿפأ ˻ǣ ͸Ļҩ貹ںǣŴ˿ηɹ˹ǡ
*
ʲͻϮֲڼ䣬ֵ¿Ҳʼɹ˹ǽй
ȻǸ󣬲ĳǼᡣ
Σ Ƕз²еǼ밲á
Ůټ ūһǧˣ бɹ˹Ǵܺչµūǧˣ ɫĿһǧ ԭūһˡ
ūͬţһ㣬 ȫɹ˹ҹǵ˽
ֵ¿ȰõľԭūʿǰЩ˵˳
ûãһȺݹ᾵˱㱻ɹ˹ǵۡǰ
ǱܴݲɪСģֵ¿ɵۿһȣɶǴ񰡣
ǣȫ湥ռɹ˹ǣȫɹ˹һǵþˣӽǶָɣٲܱӵūۼ̤
⻰µԭǶסˡ
⼸죬һֱڴɱɱǸ֪ʲô£±һȥľū뾡취ض
գǻǱһȺԭʿ˳뱱ƽūѺһ
ݱָѾ̫ã˵ҲѾİˡ
ңЩԭʿڴѪɱл˲ñֻǳ⣬ʵعأǸֱ治⵽ǴٱѾЧڱֵԭˡ
Ͼ˵ǺЩطͲбʿһЩЧڱֵԭ
ֻǴ׸һ˳ʿǵָӣʵʵ߽Ѻǵ
ղȴһʿǰŹѺз²кԭ˶һ˵ԭ
ÿһΣгȥԭ˶ûʲô³п־弫ˡ
ѾֹɱˣʹҲֻ߳ȥ
ԭΪȴǵĻǱɱˣȴû뵽һȻһ
˺һв˻عŵص
ǴĹپ
ӦòģֻдĻӲŽпֵĽ̨ء
ߴǴӣЩ˶Ǵ·
ԣǴپˣ
ֵ¿кܲܣ
ûǴپˣЩȫǱӵ׼ǵʿȫʾɱˣԺҲˣ
ø߸ߵľۣÿһǱӱСͷ­ڶԭ˵þȵʵС
Щԭգ°֣һʮ̵꣬Ҳ꣬ĥòײŻ
ҹ˾ǶһٱǣɵڶһʱٵȴȻǼȣĻĴ΢ᱻֱֹӳ鵶ɱ
ֹȦκһֻǽ
һ̣еĳʵˡ
أ̫ˣþˣ
͢ˣ
˿޳һţйŽٺϲͶѴĿ־ʹ
ֵ¿Ҳ̲סĨᣬ˺þã΢ƽº͵ض˵
ӽ󣬴Ҷµ񣬿ϧգԺ󶼻ϺӵģҾ͸Žʿȥ췹ԡ
ţ˱㱻쵽һżʮڹ¶ӪǰŶӣ쵽һЩЩİࡣ
Ѿõ㣬̲סٴκۿ
öûԹôĶˡ
Ĺү԰տãһȫܵйұӻů
ǰгԵЩֵôɤӵĴͷÿֻһԵһֱƫĽ
ǴռǵǴĿǲô߹Ĵ
Ȼڴĸ߹ֹЩ
ǳԱ˷λͰĹүǵİţ
дÿ˶ԷֵʮֻƥͷţԼЩһĿ֮⣬ÿ컹ܴӪ쵽ٷȫ㹻Ǳ
ʱֻҪ˰ģԼС
Ժÿ궼ˣϽٸ
˰⣬ƥЩֻҪպϸ񣬿Ϊᰴվļ۸չϸţҪгչٸϱȥءٸҪǶɴá
ߣЩԭնϲˡ
ô󶼰׸ǣ̫ˣ
԰ֻ˰Щ֣ӣǿǻɱӣºö࣡
ԺҲһɱˣ
ֹܳ⣬Ǯأ
ǰһֻҲֵǮοţ
Ҫ֪ЩΪֹūһҲʿļΪǷչ˹µ󣬶֣Ӳչ̸̣ݵҵ֪ʶǳ
ʮЩֱӷ
һδӿ̫ͷˣ
פسǳصʿǣĽǵĴֱ˵ɹ˹ǱǺԭȵصİźˡ
޴ϲãԭյȺжϲãЩɢˡ
ԭľȻͬģǱֵ
ѾѺ˺ü죬ÿֻܳһٷû˼˼ԼĶӡ
Ϊ˶֪δǵԭˡ
ǱĲܣֻҪս½³еūŮıǿм޸ˣܹʱܻġ
ǵĹԴռݵԭǳأȴʱŮ׶ȫɱģǲұ֤ԭ˲ͬķʽ
ѪծѪﶼͨ
ǸûвսҲΪʿǵΪۡ
Ŀ־֮£ﻹ˼ġ
ͼͻΧնɱɱϰ˺˶Ҳҷ
ԭ˱ߣҵõõչ˺Ǳ죬ڵС
ƽȴÿҶгʿ൱սձ˶ԭ˷µУӦýȫġ
ʴȣǲδֱӲսͨգɱǡǱΪ
䣬ÿԳٷл±ϵûκαꡣ
ٸҲпˣֻҪɼﵽ˺ϸߣǱԷֵһ󣬴ӴԺܺʹһ޶˰ߡ
ɱЩƽԭԤϵĺ̫ˡ
ǺܶˣǸͺӣԭǱСսܺ󱻷²ģɹ˹ͱֺûôǿĹС
ˣ˶ҡ
˵ԭǵĴ˸¶ҪúΪȡһͺԭһΪԭ
Ͼλµʵ̫ˡ޳ôţ򣬻ÿֻҪϽɡ
Ҫ֪ԭɹ˹ͳ£ǿҪĳɵġҪǹҪʲôǿȥ
ߣֻΪ޽ˮ·ȹʩۣÿʮ죬ĶǮ
ҹүʿҲɱƽ񣬱ҪɷִУֻҪɷûκȨǡ
ԭɹ˹ͳµǣҲȸɹ˹ҪȺܶ࣬ȹ齵ľ͸ˡ
ˣЩػɺ󣬶ʵ˳ԭٸĵ£湤
ÿ˶Ա𱻷һԭĹÿֱͥӶЩĳɳ״ˣÿһ궼˺ϸҲԼͥΪλԼƲ
ճÿҲԳٷȻǴȴӡ£ʿҲǡ
Ϊ²˵Ѿˡ
ǿǼֹôԴԭ²ģɱֻ󶼲硣λܶʴȣЩм
ϾڱֺͳһһƬԭ֮ǰ֮ɱɱܳʿڵǺ£ǲ̫Թޡ
ɫĿ˷²ǱֹӱɳңԶĲ˹ȹĹǵĵλȻײԭūЩȴҲɲ΢ҪٱӺ͵ӡ
λ˱ֲȴ˵ӽֻҪûдɷ©κ˴ǡ
ǶڹֵԼסÿһ䷿ÿ춼ܳԱůÿ»쵽ǮԽǼɾ߳쵽ԽߵĹǮ
ң뵽ЧʻƷİ취г߶
˽°ĹǮһ㣬ЩǮԺ÷ǳԣڵָţӡ
û죬Ͷ빤ˣȻûٶǣÿ컹ܳٷ
һ϶Ҳܶ֡ɫĿǶʱϣҲ
˽¶˵λһˡ
ɹ˹ǲսܣ˵ֱŮࡣ
*
ԲͬԱİپһţбԱͰԼĹλ
ԭգǱַ²ɫĿǣϣ
̶ʮ죬ʾصɹ˹ǣоǳضѾ߳սƣ˰ٵζ
ԭԱǺܳӵԭʿǣڿԭ˺ͱرİźеĵҲ
ϾѾǵ֮£Щǻ϶սֱӲߣЩ˺ڼļҾû̫
Щ˴Ѿʧȥ˼еĶûвƲҪûκαعʵѾΪǲĶиˡ
ңս˺üʮͷţ󣬲Щˣó
óҲûЩôϵ
ǹʿǿҲ˳
˳ǳ֪ûֳ΢΢һɡ
õĿˣԺںϱһЩˡ
˵ǰͶõߣƽȵִȥ๦û
ˣ
ֵ¿Ц棺
һ㶼࣬ɹ˹ôսƷ˯Σ
ʮͷ㹻ʮ˹ʳĲϾϣǶѻɽ
֮⣬лսףëƤʳ
ЩʵʣӱֹסѼĻ˺üʮļҵס
ЩǴԭ챦ֻ鼮ЩԼԭǱ߳Ľ󣬸鱦жһֿͭ
жҪֵ֣ӽһǧᡣ
һʲôĸȥǮ˰գܹǧ˰ᣡ
˵ͷҲи̰Եʣټ˰սɵĲǮңݲƥʣҲ޷ϿεջǶô˾ϲ;̾
ɹ˹䣬һͷ
䭼˫ĿŹ⣬һŵȻҲ¶Ц⡣
ʤϲǸȾ˵ģοһˡ
Ҫ˯ˣγȥǽյ²ȫˣִսƷ
ɹ˹ǵ;Уٶȣڷϡ
ʱ򣬲ǧıַ²ȥսʳŵսɻĸֱףǶһƺƵ
ȥʱװ׵ĳض飬ɻսϣҲȫԵĸսƷ
ֵ¿󣬹ȻǴϲ
ȫˣǡǹھսԪˣ͢ǱЩˣ
䭶Դȴֹֻ̫ۣ
ϣ˰ɡ
˵ߵıˣ񶦵ȴȻ˵ıִΧţҪ裬شƽԭİնð
սϣǰͷֱȥ򣬾ģҲҵı
ԴʿԼװսɲ̫ɡ
ŰĻͨƽա
ϧӵ۲ͬǰȥԮҲһ·ԼˣԼҵĳǳȥ֧Ԯ
ӵܳԮڰյķϣǻܼطΧٰǡ
*
ڶ±ֳ⵽Ϣûô촫ǡ
յ²ڼȫϢȴͥĵؽ綼
һգյ಻һٵѪطɱǣ㾪й塣
յʲôˣֺӣսպգಿڻͥԮȴǱشŽ˵ػͥ
ضǳ˴£
ĵĹǣϽȵ֪һϢ
˴ǰȴյһҪѹһ㳤ڴ⣬ͷۼҽ١
˸ϽΧȥѯ
ڳĶǺĶҲûͨ˲֪
յţɽȫû
ڵ֪Ϣ󣬵Ѫֱӵػԡ
جģһԶҡ
һʧ֮һıǶԺսļ
ֺŴľĺģʲộ˭Ҳһѹֵܺ׷Ĳ䣬ĶʱҪɢ
ƫŴľѾʮ彡ȴϾͣ˭Ҳ˵һε׻
ͥʱĻ̡̻


90 
ϵƤӲ þ˺ܴһ۾
ȻѾǣȴԴһƿƤɢ絶Ĺ⡣

ϲشȥȷˣ æתͷҽ١
Ŵľմӻ廹 ȴһļǹźĴ£
һԶˣͷΣ
֪ʱ䣬˵ˣ˵ûµıʣ ֻǴǺܵ壬 һֱ̽еϢ
Ŵľʣ
ǱΣ

һʿפؿںǣԼ˿Ϲˡ
ζţͨ·;ϲõһҲ𲻵 ˱ ûһһ䣡
Ŵľؿڲ ϽǰΪ˳
Ҫ
ŴľȻҲ֪ ڴʱ£
Ŭѹзӿŭ úͻŵ
ȥߴǣѾûˡ
ܿ죬ҽǰ Ŵľ顣
ŴľɶԷڣҽټˣ ŵ
Σ
ҽսս˵ Ԫˣ Ҫúõ
Ŵľ˱ۣ 
꣡
һ㶣 ⣬
Ҳ˵Ǽ٣ҲʲôֶΣǻ꣬ЩҽپͶᡣ
ʹȴɱλߵѹŵҽһ˲亹乣Ͻͨһڵء
СԵ߾ȫָ
û˭˵ֺж󣬱ٻжѡ󺹡
ס󺹵Ǵʱ˵ʵǾھ͵
Ŵľսսӣͷػ˻ֽ¡
û˱ȲԼ״Ŵľѹȫһš
֪Լôȥˣò׾£Ĳԭ䣬ܿΪһɢɳѳ
Ϊеıʹ࣬Ҳٶֱ꣬ļ̳ƽȵشнӹȨ
ȥսߵ֧Ԯشƽԭǲ
ԭļ̳˻ǳյ£Ըȣλ˳ܷڣյ·µĴ̫أ˺棬˺ʵѾʺˡ
ֻսֳߣֵ֧ĹѹסС䣬˳ؼ̳кλ
Ҫù¸ս̵λ
ΪԭشΣʵǰŸҪռشƽԭлѪ
ֻҪȫռشƽԭִͨ˶ؿԴԴϵԭݣдԭɳūͶū
ԺҪǽĳǳأϼūǰͷ赲ĶԷףɱԼʿҪˡ
ҲӰսߵĴ֡
ս߲Ĵȴսǳһ㡣
ǵıִѾռ˳ǳأ⹥ݳһѶȶûС
ֻҪȵͨ˶¹ذĽʱԵתԮսߡ
İţһԵĿ
űŴľ
һҪ½ȥ졣

븸Ը
Ŵľ
ȥһ˶У˵һͬǣ
ڡ
ŴľһЩ黫ļһ֮ûһΪںͷˡ
ڵѴ˴ȱ첲ȣ߲ٳ֡
СĴڴϿ
ûдܳô⣬Ŵľѹֺ׺ʱµûвἯȫԸ
ƻóˣȴֹڿںٲǰĲð׷ѡ䱱һջȴûκսġ
⣬Ժܻʴռݸԭڱֺء
Ҫ֪ԽϵĲ֣ԽˮݷˣⲿֵȥǱֺԺҪ棿
ڶߵЩһǣг𣬲ǰȥϡ
ңߵĲ£ǽĵ̡
˵ֺҲԴѱûһЩˮ㡣
ȻЩһѾֱΪһʱӦúѳɴ򣬵˴ĵʰҲ١
¹ϵǺĶ֮ţû˱ʺ£ɹ
ӺãƤڵһģηĪ
ֻǣı죬⺢վԭ˵ͼѪ򲻵ѣܽȨ
ҲϣʶȤһֱԼıλϣĸ
žĸ׼ԺĿ⣬е΢ɢЩȭͷ¾ģһɫγʹøƫʵģ
*
õ£ֺڲ˲СĲ
ֺصĶͼһӼ˱ʱȥݣӶ˽顣
Ѿʮҵıֺֺͬʮͷ긻ǿټϱ߽ս£ĶʱͥΧ̵߽ܽġ
ͼΣ
ֺʵ
ھӴˣѾһ꣬ȻҲʱעս½չġ
Ƿ񹥴ֺЩɡ
ϾǶʮֻ֮ĸЩ֡
򽻵սֻ˶࣬Ҿسǳأ׾ù¡
˼ɵȴһһǿıֲУ̡
ǶΪǳȥġ
ʱֱӽͷһת׼ǣ鷳
ңǱֺжǰδٽǣ϶ΪֺȥΪǣǴһ̡
ͼ֪׵Ĺǣȴ⣬Դ
ңͬսġо仰˵úܶԣ𱻱ֺһĵطǡʱ򣬴ȫ֮ǣǱ˵ӴϰԱҲҪһ
ǿսֺǱҲţʱ裬ǳûռǵĳǳأǶϾ˼
ǿУʱñâϱ߽Զĵ̡Ǹ⬣ûԵһ̡
ͼǸؿˣȥڴ£һ;ûðɡ
лᱨȥȻǲŹ
ȻֻһСС˽ġһŮ¹ΪҲܹ鲻ǸŮˣͺ΢ͷѡ
ֺ˼ŶӵĽ飬Ĭ˺ðΣʵ
Ժɿս
⻰ͼʱ˸׵˼һȻص
ȻŪӣ֮Ů湫ףֺ
Ȼ֮ŮϸӴʵȤζսʦǸõĽڡ
Ҫʱ涼ǿУǼӵǷҪǱŮ
Ǻڴ͵֣ΪƽϢŭοƷʱһҪúǵһѩǰܣ


91 
ȴ˵ӵߣ ڶµıִպҲӵԶµľۣ
ֽ±յȫˡǧѷ ϣܷ͢ɳǣԮ¡
Ӽ ȴΪʱҪɽԽ룬ҪƹռɳǶЩʱ䡣
¹ش󣬼ӵκƽ
κƽ
£ ۱ǺԵʳ Ҳ˴Ϣ֮ǰһضɡ
ɵ˵Լš
Ȼ»еþȣǱӦóű־ Ԯ£ ܵס³ǡ
Ͼµλ÷ǳؼ ռսλãñֱӳֱشƽԭ Ǳ㻹пոشƽԭ
ȶ£ Ϊ±ıִһɳֱȻƹɽֱԮɳ ֻţպı
 ±û ֵעڶϱߣ Լսߣ ɳǷر ֻҪǴʱͻϮкܴûɳǵġ
ûɳǣܸԨǱԾǵľͱҲϾ˱ٴԮĿԣ൱ڹŴ򹷡
Ȼ⹷ǶȮûôô򣬵ôҲöԷʱԴԴϵԮҪá
ӵ˼ã
˵õȷֻһ㣬Ӻ
κƽ

񾩳Ǹʮɳһװɽɺӣʮһ죬ִܵɳ¡
ھ貹·òɴ󲿶ӸϣҲ̫ء
ʮȫԵһȥԮ¡
ɳ뾩߰ɽɴӰѳţѹ㶫ֳûңҲܺܿط
ӵ۳˼˺ðΣͼãȴ顣
ɣֲ֪ʹթսǰȥ
κƽ
Ԩϵ˴
ӵȴǲϴӦֻǹڣʧ
𣬾ǵķؽʮֱûңǺΣ֮С
Դˣκƽ޷ֻĬĬ
ִϱ߹򶦵»ףһʱ䲻ֱȥߡ
˾жĵĳɷ֣ȴΨһһһʤʵĻᡣ
ϧԼӵ۶ɵӣûȷĳ֮ǰǾ׳ġ
ֻؿװߡ
ôҲû뵽ܿת
Сµʱ򣬼ӵյһܱ
չܱͷݣԭվŵļӵ۾ɫ̫࣬Ѩҡ˼£ֱ˹ȥ
£
ڴ󳼴󾪣ϽΧȥ
̫ǻæܳȥҽһʱЩҡ
˵ļӵ۵壬ڴ󳼸ĵȴǣʲôجģһ֮ܲסֱε
ǱӴ򵽾˰ɡжʱֳܶ಻õ롣
¹¹ؾ£ڴҲ˲ʲôܱܱˡ
Ͼǽ飬ʵֻˣû¾ϣǻ˴£ôһΣա
ŷڵ뷨ڴ㿴ңҿ㣬Ȼ˸ûʵɣһܱݡ
ȻڱһƬ
ʲôռ˱ֵĿںɹ˹䣡
ģֵյ̨ȻӶ³Ԯͥ·ȫвڣ
һȫ߱Ԫˣ
ޱȣƴս񣡡
ǴвʲôС̵Ĵ󳼣ʱ֪ش־ϲ
ӵĸӹʱҲԾãĴڣǴ¡
ʲôجģǰδеľݱ
ԣ¸ղ˴ķӦһΪ̫ϲ̫εġɣ
*
£ǴʤֵϢ˾ִĵ͸¶ȥ᲻Щף
ֵ¿ǰڶӪָʹ̻Ը飬ԲЩǡ
ֻüӵ۸Ӽɵ£ʱԵµķֻ»ԽԽܡ
бţԺսȻģҲᵼ±ԽԽȱʱô졣
֮ǰȡԭԭʱô͵أôһɹ˹Ǳ¡ֵ¿ʵЩľٶ
վڴߣĿԶ·͸ͷ޵ؿʲôط
ǾԮµʱԱµӣȷ϶±ıֱвǾԸġµȲ̴Ϣˡ
ֵ¿ʱͼ
ԣ͸¶ҪľϢΪ˶¡
ģֻϧ͢һ֪
̾Ϣ
䭵
ҲҪֻ֪Ǿܣˡ
ֻЩҪеķӦ
ҪģǾ翪ɹ˹
һʼֵҪĿģֵΪڶɹ˹ĵ̣ȻҪɿұġ
Ȼ̽ұл׼Ҫ
ֵ¿ҲΪ˴£֮⣬죬Ľ鼳ˡ
ûһ˱㵽ˡ
䭶˵
кҪҪλ
˼֣أҲµ
Ը
鼳鱨Ӫһ˳죬Ӫ˳ÿӲһ鱨ӪˣִдʱҪ鱨ӪԱĽ顣
ֻ֪ɹ˹һȴ֪Եһ̽ݡ
̽ʱûʲô˲ſãǰֳ̲ʱ˳߼۹˽ϾϵĿ󹤹ԷֻڿȽϤ̽ȴһϲͨ
⵹Ѳ䭣֪һΪ򵥵̽취Ǿָ롣
дḻָһ㶼ʧ顣ǰִʱ򣬱
Ϊ˼ӿ̽ٶȣҲΪ˱ϰȫֱɳǧָɹ˹Ĳԭе̺ʽ
鱨Ӫ൱ڳ򣬵ľḻǾϵͳҰ澭ģÿһжһ鱨ӪʿҲЧʡ
ķԸ˶һͷˮΨ鼳ǰһ֪Լҵʲôˡ
ַԸֵ¿
ܳ֯˽Ƕׯ԰Բʮ︽İգȫǨƵԭԭӵصģͬĶǣȻ˾Ķصı׼ءݣԭΪ޽שû޺÷ǰڳΪǷ䰲סӽǰÿÿ·İ÷ѡ
⣬ڰ֮ڽͨׯ԰ˮ޺á
ׯ԰¸ǵĸ
ԭǾƸģһҲǵĶԭǹӪ˾Ͻһ´կ»Ͻ
´կǸˮԴѾ޷ٽһģ
Ȼ󣬲ũߣȻҪһΪṩƺõԭϵĳ
ַۺϷˮԴ˿ڵȸؿǺѡġ
ƶ񤣬˿ڱϡ٣ǨһΪ˱ܣһҲΪ˱ķˮӰ츽
ҪǣȻɹ˹ǽԶɽȴиúġ
ƸúԶʤˮԴͿʯúΪȡ
ֵ¿Ȼ⣬ȴȻ֣Ӧǡ
֮⣬ĽǣԭԭԼɹ˹ĵصз²һڣͨԭĵ·ƽãԱͿʯͻҩ
ȻԭڱʱҲ·ģֻʱվЩӿݲ̫ߡֻһЩ޸Թ
ȥæµ
ºλѾȦ䭱λã˼һĶñƱרըɽ
ЩըɽףûжƬģװ˸ĻҩΪıǼӴˡ
ߵ鼳Щզ࣬Щ̾
ԭƱˣôã˿ɾͲڶյĶ޷ˣ
Цŵ
ǵȻܿ·Ҳһá
鼳һ룬ǣҪʯͷֱը̵صֹˡ
˵䣬ԶıƱѾҩװˡ
õָ󣬼˱ȼ˳ߣܿ
ֻصһ죬ʯɣеʯڳߣּըը˴Լ߰˴Σһʱ䣬мը˸ʮֱһٶ׵Ĵӡ
Ĺˣһٳʯͷ￴˿Щɫʯ飬ɫϲ
Ϻõĳ󣡡
ֵòϡ
ȷƷλãҲܸˣصɹ˹Уֵ¿Ƹǰ
ֵ¿ףԭԼҵЩææΪ׼
Ȼǳӿ
ʱϲ
һʲôԴǿ׳ʵؼľ֮һ
ڵڶλľʳ
ũҲܸģƹ㣬ֻܼҺһ硣
ĵؽĴգ̸ܹľʯЧʲģ˸ũߣÿһͿָĵأʳ˿ڡ
ҲѹֹŽǱұ֮ء
ʲôˣŻ׵ĺ룬̲סشЦ
ǱǴرɽ֪
䭼˳ҲЦ⣬͵
ڵ¼ʮر¶˿Ƕ̫򣬲ָ룬ȻǺѷе쳣Ҳż˵ܶǰ뱱̵ͨʱÿ;˵أָʧ뵽˴˽ڡ
ε֪˴ģͳһ͡
ֵ¿Цص
ϸǵµģѽҲ֪Ǳֺ֪£ᱻʲô¿ԭϿôõ󣡡
䭣û˵ǣоеλ¡
λͨƵô¿ΨһԳµĶûˣ


92 
ȴ˵ߣ ȻӵۻڻУȴȻԿϲõ顣
˵Щ󲻾ɾӵи̣ ⲻдô
һˣֻҪȥ ֵвҲʲôвˡ
ǰΪսսֶƵǣһӾ͸˶һӹлص ʹĿƣ ȴҲй¶Щ
ŮһⲻүǷʲôϲôˡ
ִϲ±ֻԼ֪ į ǹܲסģ ̲ס
Ǿܣͷû ˵ɱ߱ˡ
Ȼž鶶ȥˡ
ǼҾһĻã ҾҲǹܲסģȻҲԼ׽ĽһķϢһ䡰˵ǧ߱ˡ
һʮʮ٣ ̶죬ٹǾȫ֪ˣ ˴˼涼Ҫ̸һ´£  ˵죬 ȵӵ۵Ĳɫʱ ѾþǴСﶼ֪ˡ
ƽͷǷ˾˵
֪ռ䣬ߵˣ
˲ţ
ô췽ҹ̷һǴôụ̈
˱
ǿ˲УôܲУǰԭ⸴ģ
԰»м٣˵½ӵϢ˵ûȥأ
Ǹո˺ԭѱӵĲ䶼
Ҫô˵սתأ
ڣǿɾҲ±ˣ
ܸýȥ򱱾˰ɣ
԰ǰҾ˵ˣͳ˧ͬ͢⣬ǰﹷûֹ˰ɣ
Ϊ˸߲ңǵ̼Ҳû˴
ʲôףռ䣬ȫۡ
ףߵ࣬һһ
ȫʮǮСһ档
¥ûƳˡ쿪ʤ磬¥Ҳīͱµġ
ʨף̶ֳȼֱȹꡣ
ǣλʵ֮ӢۿҲԽĽһʱ䣬ͳ˧ֵĺٴθǡ
䭵ھдﵽһǰĸ߶ȡ
ΪʤףΨĻﷺᣬֻ޲øʸϽԼҲȥ߹ؽҵ
ȴԽңǰûв뵯λ֡
̫ӱϣ޵ȻǳӸټⲻľеǿ㸸ʲϲ֣ҲδֹҰ
ԴֵºͿǰСĵܵҲΪգǴλΪЧӶȻ̫ѹ
ЩͷĵܵǣĽ乬еķ̫һ֪Ϣġ
ǰǳ͢Уĸ׺;˾ȫˣҲӸ߸ϵ̫ӵ±Ϊˣ˽ŽĽ乬֮С
ģֻдСźһ̫֮࣬⣬ȫǻʵӿˡ
ʱӵۼʵ˵ʳӣ´Ҳһڹаϱ㲻ɳ⡣
ɱˣһУҲţˣ
֪ӵ۲Ըⵣ߱ӵĶԼȥƫҪԸҪţñȼӵۻ
Ҳ֪Լڵʲôƺ뿴ӵ۹Ƽңʵϼӵ۴Ȩգ˭Ҳ޷
һգͷĹŮпһСС죬ⶫ乬ﵱһλŮ
͸ģ
ʲôҪõĹŮ
ͷĹŮ˵
죬Ҵ˴γʱģͷʱˣ
֣һ
յ϶ͷƺҲ޲ˡ
ʱգλף䭣Ǽӵ޳С˵Ӷѡ
꣬Ϊӵ·׷˵ȫӵչ¡
ˣ˭Ӯҡ
䭱ܵ磬ȫԼҪˣھǱ޳Īĵط
ȴһˡ
ö˶˵ģͷôʱˣ
Ҳ⡣
ͷСŮ
ⶼˣռ䣬ߵˣ֪˵ιȥˣĽ̼
ͫһţƬ̺ȴ״شЦ
˵ûȥʰʣҲнգ
Ů˲ܣȴ˿⡣
Դ׾ڼӵֺ֮ͷһһ㳩졣
׻а취
ͷһԼ䭣ȴóϷ
ķٴ¶Ťĺ⣺
ʣҵ룬ʧȥж
*
༸λֳ򼵶ʻ̾鲻ͬڹ߻ӣ˵λֵĲ֮ԴֵвһǰδеĿֻš
Ӻʱ֪ļ̳ԼԸ躹ޣҲԸ¡
Ϊ֪һжзرġ
ò׸ʲв𽥷λȴ¡
ʻԲѣиòϢĺܵģǸĴӴҲ޷ĸô졣
ûüֲԼҲ˿ṩù곤ĻǣοдλݻǹεͷǿУ
޷ʲôûˡ
˺ܶ취ڰŵݽӴ⹬бԸʵޱȵǡ
һʹץסѱҲûʲôԽ֮
ûãյһӹеݳƣ̽ӡ
˽ȥ㿴ӵϰŷҩҩۣĸڲࡣ
߻жʱ˿Ľǰ
ʣоô
еشǰȥ
ӵɫͻص
Ѿöˡ֮ԶضΪ˶Ŀɳñ
ŽӵϢʱһ˲ˡ
սϣľ뱱ֽһ࣬۽ǶʧǳءֱǿʢⱾҲǳ£䭶͹⸴ߵȣԵôܡ
ϴεĽݱ￪бв䭹˧һȡøĳɼֻࡣ
Һ˵ѴȨѹס䭵ƳȻٴθǣܿƵġ
뵽ϴαѹȥ䭹˧飬䭸ԺյսֻһİƳϣһӿ
ֵܳǲ˵뷨һһɼʹϮ̫ѨͻȻǰһڣ˶ʱܿƵصȥ
ѾûκвĴڣҲܴݵƿȫ֡
ҹҽ˹
˵ǼģЩз磬ǧע⣬Ҫ̫
϶Լӵ˵ǵͷһ
һֱԼ긻ǿȴû뵽з˲ŻõĲȻҲԼ
ҺҽǻЩ£˵ǼҩԼʳȫⲡ֢ǿԼȫʧġ
ӵȻǲз磬Ȼ⽭ɽһ׼ӣһΣǰδϵؽҽơ
ΪԼ룬Щܵزȫ񶼷δһʤ֮ϡ
䭵Ĵ̼£ټȷ˱ıٻ¶Ҫɳǡ
Ϊ˶ĿԵˣԼѾϢκƽͽͳ˧ոĸոʾͻϮɳǣκƽʵ۷گ;Эոٲ裬ԼΪ׼
˲ּؾһЧΪȣؾκֶΡ
˼ԣ;Чʵ»߲ϣոٿκֶȥþ裬ٶȡ
ʦĳģֻвñһľ貹ʽоٶ뱱ֱȼ硣
εϢȥΪңǾ뵽ǻڴʱġǱúðյĻᣡ
ոԸЩȣǻʵĵצԲûʲôԥӦˡ
һԵκƽĬĬ̾ϢȴҲûгֹ
ʵۻԵ£ֻ࣬ȷʵпصֻһһ·ӻʳܱ֤оٶȡ
˽ָոٶһעѿغþӣֻȡʱ裬ɹַݽӡ
ոӦ£˵ʱʵ򲻵ѣҲֻһӪȥȡ裬ô˾ġ΢
˸׵Ļ߻Ҳ׷
ӦŸʵģôһ£ȨȨգʲô
ĸ̵ΪӣɻıǹַչԼʵ۸׵ļɵ
ȨգҪʲôֻҪȸʵİżɡ
*
ʱӴ⹬ȴûܵôõ̬
䭽˱䣬ߵϢвǿҵĲ
Ϊ̬ķչеľЩѹˡ
뱱ֵսüѣһʱĻʵŮΪ˱ܼ尾ֱַͣս̸ź
еĴûдּĴʤ̡
οʤ̵ĻԭӦñڻҵĴ䭣
ʺ󵳶ˣɵĴҲ鸽ʣҲӦñȦŶԣôܷչǿ
ԽһֱԼõӮҾ籾ΪҲûϵܵջΪʵۡ
񣬸ʻԣӵ죬Ĳұ֤黹һ˳ˡ


93 
Ԩױ ڶµĽֵϡ
Ȼ߳ǣʿǵػ£´δֹƣ Ҳδ⵽ӡ
߳ǣϷ Ҳҵ
񣬴͸¶Ϣ
ƲԵĴˣʣµֻʿҾԶӵͨա
Ƕ󽫾Ժ һֱ߱ ԳٳٲԸԼļ԰
Ҳܲˡ
ȥ꿪ʼΪ߱Ϯţ ֵܸؾ˺ܶ࣬ ˵һָոոʳ ȴҲ֧Ų˶ˡ
Σ²Σ ֻܴϱ߽ Ͳ࣬ϱ߱һ£ѾʼȱΡ
ľ޴ͬȱΡ
첻Σ ˾ͻԴ̵ʿǴɡ
û취 ԨֻܾܵаΡ
֪ȱΣ аԷذԼҵι׳ ˵ǾеʿҪɱУ ȱΡ
Ա̫չ˲ ʾаչԱʱӻԾǰܶ˻Ҫꡣ
ûаĲǱԼӵ·óʿǰֱʱǽϵæе乤
ûʯǱԼҵʯӣ˰䵱ʯû˻ͣǱóԼصĲ͡
־ɳǣ˶Ϊػ԰߾ȫ
һ·߹æµİʱʱк
󽫾
󽫾ã
ЩʵƵЦԨгġ
Щȫȫǣס³ǰʿǸΪ˲޷˵š
ɴ̵£ȴǿ־㹻ġҪʱ
ҰսսңطǱ߾ȫҲɳʿǰȥ͵Ϯͼƾ֡
ȴջ΢
һǵ˴ҹäϲЩӲ֪ô£ϣҲ۾ܺʹ
ҹϮѡ١
һ棬ʹ˱ֵľӪ裬Ҳֱȥĳ򣬸޷̫ɱ
õİ취ˣȴʼ޷֡
ҲߵıִͻȻˣϱߵı־ûֿµͶʯҲܴޱֱıһЩسǵĲϻ΢Щ
ɱߵ̫ƶˣѳڻþ㹻ʳ⡣
Լ֪ôȥ»ܳŶá
Ҳûɳǣɽʵڶͣ޷ģƥеȥǡһȺ빥ǣ췽ҹ̷
ҪĵǣҪԸϱߵĽóȻֱ
Ҫƾֻ֣֧͢Ԯ
ֻҪ͢ɱɳǣϱߵĹڱȻطʱǱɳûոʧأͻưΧ
¼ӵΪǰδڶֶΪı߾߳ǰðյ߽
˶ڽƵصȴų͢ǱߵĴ𸴡
ڣżȥĵʮ죬յ˳͢
󽫾͢Ǳô˵
ҴĽ죬Ŀеؿ
Ԩ˿
ͬˡ
˶ʱϲ˴ȭ죬ֱ׵ص
Ҿ˵ôǧѷĺûᣬ͢ҪǲӦǾɵӣ
ȫյͻȻ˱
⻰Ԩʸ鱨£
յ³ߵδȥˣ𣿡
Ϣڽⳡδ򣬷ǳؼ
ҡҡͷ
˻û
൱Ǹյ´뱱ֵؽˣҪİĵطǰûͼϢȻѴϢ
ʲôʲô˵⻰չ죬ɳȥϢ˱ˡ
ԨϲϽټ
յ²ڵȥ˺δ
нٶĿƵؿĳǡ
˶ǾϵĳȻһۣ˵Ĵ磬ȴ˫۱һ˷ܵȻش
ȥܵظش󽫾ȥܵظ
ʲô
Ԩڵ˶ûӦ
һȵĳһۣȻøרҵԻش
󽫾յಿţɽ⵽ʮ֮оţ˰ѣǧԱȫߣ
⻰һ˳Ĭ˺һҪ̫ˣ˵ϢֱǺõš
˻棿
ǿ˰ǱֺôͻȻͱ𣿡
һ˷
С޲أͬ
ԨʱǿסЩ֣ƽȵʵ
֪ķյ²ڣ
˵⣬ȵĳҲ˷
Ǵ£󽫾֪СĴδĴ̷ʽ¼ֱɽ֮ܣĪ⡭
˵ţϲؽʱըɽסֱǰȥ·ºɫ֪ըյ²ȥ׷ɱɲ౱ֲڣñֱ޻֮˵һ顣
Ŀ࣬ǰ˵Ѿһıǿʤ࣬δִܱȡĿս
ʼǴڴ˵УԼȫһ
侹Ȼ֮
ǰҲд˵öã
ˣԱºĹϵǲܰѴ˵׸͢ġ
˵ţ˿˾еƣĴӵӵ۽գ̫ӵҲӵӡӶڻʵŴղҲ˿ӡ
Щ˱ףֻҪ;׳ˡ
ʵۣ򲻵ѣҲλ֧Ԯǡ
˷ܵȴ
ѹǵԮΪ͢Խ磬ı
ǲָˡԺҲܷû˻ֳֺõ¡
ô˵յ²ڷǺ£ҲǼӰǰɡ
һһţȴв̧̧֣ͬʾ˰Ȼ
ҿ
Ԩ˶ؿ
誵
룬ȥԮǱôظģ
һ룬Ǳߺ˵ǡæʵڳ鲻ԶСֻܿԼ֧һˣȳ͢ͺˡ
һͶǹûʵĽڣǱ߷·Ԥϵյľˡ
ƺԤϵ֧ᷢ͢Ԯ
ʱ
λˣǰСǸ¸ĸӴСĸǴ˵֧һӣаţ͢һᷢȶ¡
˵һֱܹĶشƽԭİΣɹ˹Ǻ󣬱ǲ׼ٶӵǵԮţŹڱַ²ǰ˵ҪֱͥȻ˷ߡ
ԣǰһĥʱȻֻһůϮͷ
ԭȻһֱǣǣȻԮ£ȴĬĬڱΪô࣡
ûյಿڣǶ֧ŵ
ǵĳץסֱ˫ϣǸ֪
˵̲ܿκˣһȴãǿĴô˰ġ
ôüµľ¾սͻȻ֪ԭһֱǿڱǣЩѪǣʱۿ
ԨҲжѡ
Ȼڵ֪յ²ڱд˲룬ǲﶦ£ԴõȷеĴ𰸣еĸоǴһ
治ʵ֮
ĻܳΪǵϴ󱦣ֺγ²̫ƽʢ
ֻϧԹŵʼϵʱ򣬱ݲҫ۵Ļӣ۵֮
ϧţ
󽫾ָ˵ʵ֧Ԯսֻǰ·;ңԶذͨ޷ССǸ˵οɿһͨ͵ԭԸǶ±սһƥ
ţȻľϲǡ
һս
λָû󴫿˼𣿡
Ҫ֪֮뱱ҰսʱųԴҪĳر
ֵͷߣãٶҲܿ죬ǵȴϷͷһز˵ٶҲԶֵĸͷΧ׷½صʱ򣬲׷ϣǶ²סԷĳ
һֵսװǧϲǵ󷨣ٶϱӣǽɾʹһˣ


94 
һ־ Ķ˵ѩ̿
û˱Ԩףȥͨ飬 Ҫðա
ȣͱµĹϵ Ԯڹµʹʤ̣ Ҳñں
Σյǣ һ־ҪҴսʣĻװ׸
µľġ
ͨ飬 ζţ ԽµıѺս֮ һ·˳ͨ;еļ߳ǡ
뱻ղÿŵķǣ񲻹ǳǳأ еı Ѿȫƿ֮¡
༸ı߳ǶΪ֣֮ͨڼӵУѴǵˡ
ɾл޺Ϊʡȫȥ
ɿεĿ⣬ 뵽ЩڱµʿԼΪ˰æسǶڳ¥İǣ ôҲ²ȥܾ
誣 Ҳ Ӷƺһ˲ͨ ˱˴˵йǡнǳʹ ȴдƸ۵ľġ
ǰԸ׵
ʹǣѡǻ֧ǵġ
˿ûԼӺ׵ĺӡ
ΪˣͰգӢʬľ
һ˵ܻǺشƽԭǧյǾϧ
Ԩ˵
ˣ̩ǲȥͨɡȡսЩλ
ڽٶʱϲ
ǸԸĽٸֱһֵȻܳ
ϵıҲ
г֧͢ԮıսµǿиĹˡ
ֻҪҧʮ죬ͻԽԽã
ԨɵǵĻ´ͻΧȥӱ޸ϵ˷ǡ
Ϊ֮ĵؽ磬ȫϽ֮£ҪôƵйȥǣҪô͵µĵܼͨСƵ˷ʱ䣬ֱҷؽ
ŴһλԳԶµӣ˵󽫾ҪҪ͸
ʱƹܷؾᣬǴһλͷǸܻᴧĦ⣬Ľ졣
⻰΢΢šü
µ󽫾
ϽʲôҪ˵
ŶаԲ룬ĪǶǿԮ
ˣǷǲû˵ʵ£Ҳһǧܽİܲķ֣
ΪһµÿΪѡ
ƭӣֱӸߡԸ
ȥû߳˧ʣֱ˻
ȵȣǰ˴
ϸһĥǾð˸߲ס
ξ˵ɶǴϵЩˣļá԰Ҳʮ˵һλһġʾ
ǶԮˣδػ᲻ܡ
Ҫǰ˸ߣ˿Ĵ£ʱ׷ɵ
ûãλӶʿ
ԷûдУǸͨգĺȷʵǳ;
鿴飬ҲȷʵǶ¾Ӫˡ
˶ԷͶµңԷ棬֧Ԯ£˸߿ɾʹ˴ˡ
ҺúڷϢ̸Ҽҿȷϣؾ죬¡
˵᲻ЩصĽ
͢վϵͳÿ⼸طרƽ˵·ģõǱսÿа˰¿Զɹ˹ǣҲܸء
һ֮æЧһӾ͸Ϣһ͵ɹ˹ǡ
ʱɹ˹ǰž
ѾʼɣҲֵ¿ͳˣʱˡ
޻ʱ򣬽žҪ޻Ͷµļӹ
һµҵȻǵȥţȰ̯̿˵
֪ԨԸľԮ䭺ܸˡ
ϾŴι֣ÿζɻᣬֱӳɹ˹Ǻͺԭǵܹۻʮһƥеġ֮⣬кܶ಻սϣȴܳеճţĲȱ
ܹʿƥǹģοʵֻռһ塣
໹в֣Ͷ֣ƣеȸֱ֣ʱȫչ
Ԩһ˵ѹ
ǵ·ϱ͵Ϯ˺Ը¸ս
Ͼ³еԱֵĴѹػشƽԭΧڣȻϣܶЩԮǿսġ
˰Ӽȥԭһǰ¡
Ÿᣬھʱ꣬ȫΧպ󷵻ء
룬ǲףд˷ţ˿ӱȥĽ
ǧϻͶֺ֣֣װͶʯС׵ǰ£
ˣһƽ͵Ԩ
פǵټܿܰ·ȥ׷Ͼѻ
³ǱΧʹƵûб־Ķ±ţֵɢǸǣҲ޷ͻΧǡ
ƱػҪɱ͡
һָٴͳӵָĽǣ̻׼ʱ䣬һѾ﷮ǣĽҲ߰ǧʿڷлˡ
*
˿Ķ³ǣȴڴʱΣ֮С
ԮͶʯ
ϵʿæ
ϢʱָսԨȻһ
һʱ䣬ֻñ
ԭأ³һ
ǱźͶţΪֽ볯͢Ŵβӹ̣ĺѾʮɡ
ԭӦѾܼѣټǿµͶʯŸ̫õĴݲС
ǴʱѾûǹ޷Ч
ɳ͢Ԯ֪㵽ˣҲȹ˶ߵɳǣԶˮȲý
Ϲȥʱһʯǽ϶ʱѪɡ
ųǽĵ棬Ҳҵһ¡
ͶʯһֱģÿͶʯһԳǽϵķشɱ˺󣬱˻û档
ԨŲʿһ˳¥㿴¥£ǰģǱùŵľūһ
Щȫ޸֮ԭա
ֱʹݳСǻʵ̫ˣҪ˱ֱͱȻ˳µľū
ԼҵİգӦĶ󣬿Ϊסǳأʿȴò˺ǡ
кᣬʹźų¶¹ʯͣͬĲҽڱ˵һһδδǵġ
ԨһĻҲǺ޵ҧѪ
ⱰСˣɱɱ
˻ߵŭţνһһϳıֱ
ʿбޣɱҲԽ¡
ǾֿһһĽľƣȴֻɱǿµͶʯһһε¾ʯأǽʼһȱԽԽÿνıʿҲԽԽࡣ
ɳȥ̽͢ԮĳȻûл
ǽÿһڼӾųоľ
˶ãάһ죬ǽȻ³ǱƽǰʱͻȻбϵʿæ
󽫾š˺ö
ʿܵ˵Ļȴг¥ָսԨһߵĽʿҲǸɫס
ϵĽѾʧأóǳ᧿Σо¿̾Ҫơ
֮Ǳӵĵؽ磬浽򲻵ѣҲ֯մǱ߳ˣһϣ΢С·
񣬾һ·ˣĳƣչ磬ȫʮûһܻ
ʿɫҲʶԼᣬϽ˳ѻ˵꣺
Ԯ죬Ԯ
ǶʱϲԨҲ̲סص
ٿӭӣ
̾˵ſȥŴ
һӣ˱ѹѹżУȫű
Ǹ߸ƮĽɫչȽȽ̫˴ϣ


95 
Ǵߵǰ㽥Żٶȣ Ҳʮ롣
Ϊ׵Ľʮ꣬ӭǰеԨ ̷ѯʵ
ʸ¿Ԩ󽫾
Ԩ
Ϸ򡣡
Ľ㳤Ҿأ
ԭؽĽ μ󽫾
ûеϥأ˵ûϹ٣̬ȴʮֹ
ԭؽ ѡԬˡ
Ĵǣ ˵ԭؽȴǿ£Ԩжʱ
 µ Ҳȥƽϵ¡
ԷĽ
ĽԶˣ
Ľֱ 
󽫾ˣָǺƺƵȺܿУ ½ʿǴıս
Щߴ˶ ëƤ͹ˮսʹڵ£ԨҲ԰еļ
ЩеʿҲǣֱ޲ھֱȥһһˡ
润شƽԭİǽʿǣ л壡Ԩϥ˸
Σǧֵ˸лġ
ĽϽ
ԣ  ƥ 󽫾ˣ
ֵ ϵսʿ˵ սЩţ󽫾⣬ֵҲȥ¥ϰæ
⻰˵úίչ˶Է顣
ŵսֹǽţֱǺܿҪƳǡ
ԨҲҪӵˣǿԮôܲá
֮Σǿ԰¶³ǣסеʮ
Ȼ⣬Ǿλˣ
Ľ۳ǽϣʱоպͣͶʯҪһݳ棬Ǻûᡣ
һӣ
ַ׼е뱾һϳ¥
ǣ
㵽ˣʱӦŵʮ㡣
һ𣬶ȴȻ̧Ŵƥжµӷɱϳ¥ѸٵؽɼεСͶʯװ
Ѹ򣬻ϲһϢ
ţʹӴľóһСһɫĴ򣬷ŽͶʯ
ΪҪٸ·Ͷʯһֻܣһ׼˳ЩͶʯλãһ׼˱ִк󲿡
Ľվڳ¥һۣͶʯģȫûдеľū
磬Ӧȫԭգ
ѹеĳʹ
ȻСģ׼Ͷʯ
˵ɱ⣬ֻҪпܣҪ취ౣպʿ
Ͷʯɱ޴󣬱ȴݻٵôףץūİնܻ
СţһЩ
ЩеƽʱѵģˣԶľҪ׼С׵ص㣬Ȼѡ׻úܶࡣ
ǸĻеӦ
Ľü
һͻǺ˰աһݾߣʱתͶʯ
ѵҪֱô
ںǻеĶӳվ
Сԡ
ĽһǸĶӳƺֻʮꡣ
֪еǿֱӣӳˣͨԱǸˢӵġ
¾ͽóλá
ֻλĶӳͶʯϷ׼˼ΣŶͷ
Ľ
䣡
һ£ö׾ֱȶĿȥ
ĽСһöףȻľ׼䵽Ǿ޴ͶʯĻʱ˿
ͶʯΪľʽṹֻҪλöˣһը
Ȼֻصһ죬޴Ͷʯʱ֧顣
һöףԤ˵ок󲿡
ǽһֱӴȥȻǾ޴ƿΧ˵ɷΧڵʮڶڵķƬ˵
˵˵Һ˵ڵ˵ģսȴ̾ͷֱһӾͰ
ƬǾҲúܶܵŶʧء
ЩˤģûˤҲվͱͷƥ
ֱײƥǰĶ飬ѲûüӦײ˸ҡ
һöףñֱкֱ˻ң˻˵Ĳҽвڶ
ǰʿǾþɵؿȥһ۱㿴кĳһѾҵĳ档
Ϊ˧Ĺ˧̨ڶǰͶʯǱߵľһ¡
عǵĹѾɢˡ
˺һŷӦǳ
ȥʲô£
гǰͷȥ
Ȼûܼǽ
һ̨Ͷʯըķѡ
к󲿵һξ죬ٴδ˰Ѫɵˡ
һΣ˶ؿµĶɱڴԭ˳ǽ϶ĺɫ
ʲô
δ⵽ϮıʿҲʼЩֻš
Ϊ˷ֹǶԭ˲ֻ׵ĴڲδͨʿɢοǲҪȥӵĵطս˻սҲûѵ
ԣ˶֪⵽ʲô
ңѾƻв̨Ͷʯٵı̨Ͷʯͬʱը
׼ٶȿɾͿˡ
һϢĹöͷֱȻѪɵıը
Ͷʯתλãըв󲿱ؿ̱˴ģĻֻš
ӿ£ƿܣѾըķѡµĵطƺֳԣ޿ɱܣֱӱȫ˶δֲ֪Ŀ־С
ʿսսܣһܻһߴУ
аһԭ˵аҿܣ
ħˣħˣ
սӵֻҪûüֹɢԽԽ˿ʼתͷֳˣҪܳȥѡ
ûܶԶӭһϮ¥µǹǺ
˵ʱӣʵ̵ʱ̶̣̼ܶϢ
ߵĸڷӦ
ף̨ף
ϸһ룬о죬ԲʮȻûд˵ôţȷʵ׵
ȫףΪʲôϵףȴңԶĶ£
ǲƲ⣬޿ܰ׽͢
⵽ô£
⾪ɵ˲䣬ѾӼٴո˲ٵ˸ĻҺͿֻš
͸ԭµܣȫûϣ
ˣˣ
ӦĹ޹ķ
ûãʱӾͶ˻ңﻹܹ˵ˣǲҪıӡ
תֱµսŤתĪóǽϵԨͲǶˡ
Ŷãԭö᧿ΣĹھֱˡ
Ľϵ
󽫾̴򿪳ţҵ׷
ԨҲɳϽˣ֪ܲӵıɱġ
ʹ󺰵
ţ
ԼĳŶʱڻصĿ»Ľ³¥Ͷֳߵıֱ׷ȥ
࣬ͨʿܶҲǻġ
ǧˮӿ
ſڵľūǼ״ʶͳȥó˵·
Ǳ־ڶ࣬ǺӵֱȽխһֻͨˣôһ£ȻǺܿͱĽʲ׷ˡ
ĽҲǶ̱ӣֱӴһżǧ̹뷢ʱ򶼲Ҫ׼ֱ䣬౱ֱмϵ

Ƕ
ƽʱһõܺõִУƴɱضԷܶ
Щֱոƽ״ϮǵʲôֻʱٱԭӹĿֲոٻȥֻһıܵǰܡ
ټֻǧҡ
Щһǰ壬Ľ
Ͷ׼
Ͷ
һСŵһըЩò׹ܻıֱǶʱŵõͷܡ
Ľֻ˹ǰ
ֱԽֻܣԽױո
һʱ䣬ʿ˲ء
ۼųлиĲҲˡ
ʿ޷սҪҲûá̫ˣܳΪһı̨
ϵ

ȻֱӵתͷڻıǺӷȥߵ˲ԭ˵Ҽµ£Ҳ޷˼
ȫ˶Է׷˶ͣһʱŻҪѪˡ
Ϊıִʧ˽ӽ֮һ
ǿˣ
յʧಿڣˣˣܺõȥ
ģָԮȴʧشζԵ𸸺
һʱ䣬պ޼ˡ
*
ĽߣԨĲǸʱִβͶûǻЩʱ򣬸һ˼
ɼʹˣʬٿִ׵ӣ˻̲ס
ǰҵʱҲɱô౱ӡ
һ̣ﶼ˴ñĳ졣
ʿǵĻУԨйٸӵߵĽǰԵص
µսȷʵ鴫Ϸ
µľӱʲôĿǵȷ˶֮Σǿֺγٱ̤
ȻĽԼҲͷһɱô࣬ΪԨ⵱ǰάµǿȻ
˵ȡʤΪ֮󽫾ˡǶؾסʮñԽ׳һҲͬǳɫ
սԭҲȡøԻ͵ս
⻰ĶʿǣС
֮ʦȡ˺õսҲȫûֺ޿϶ǵ֮ؾǶԶѾӡˡ
黥һĽһȥɨսͳսɪڳǽµľūǣȴüͷ
ЩӣֱԭյˣЩū׳ˣ档
һ߰ĺӣһ߷ޡ
ȻԴ˰ѪѾ
һ˱һһصĸˣľ
ǽ£յʬѪǼʹ־Ŀ
Щ˵һѾֵ֮ġ
ɶؾʲô취˾ˮ㣬ôǰ䣬Ϊǵֵ
ؾǾͻоɳ֮ϳǽ򿪳ţٽȫǵľ¾ɾ
˴ʤ̵ĿϲԺгˮȴ
ûûҲͬ˾ĵѡɱԼػİա
һɫƵǽµľūǺ¼ˡ
Ͼǿǰűֱһ͢ĳǳء
ǰͷ˸Ͻؿͷģ
ǶǱƵģ
һҲѹ⵽ǨŭɱҲ׷׹ġ
һʱ䣬ϲõؾʿǣҲųĬˡ
ǲûĵıƦƽʱű˼ǣ֮ʹʹϡ
ųǽµĲ״ؾޱΣ̲ס
µʿǣǴʹ޷ŭ
ıӣ
ЩͲˣ
˵öԣǸô򵽱ͥץЩսĹȫˣһһ䣬Ҵܰ
˶ݺݵ
ĽҲǳܡ
ô᲻֪ǱƵġ
޷֮İգô౱ִ˵ء


֪ǱȵģǣؾҲǣǸ˱ӣҶˣ
⻰ūǶʱϲǽ¿һƬ
ĽתͷɫرݵԨ
󽫾ЩǼ԰٣޴ȥ֪ɷڳʱã
ԨȻǲᷴԣȥ׼Ȼ֯Щսǡ
ԨźЩĽ뵽ĽԨ
󽫾һ˵
Ԩ֪ȻҪĽϳ¥µʱ˧ʣҡ
󽫾ɳΣ
Ľʵ
ԨѾ֪͢Ԯ£ڰҲû
͢˵ᷢһռɳǡѾ˺üȥǰ˵ɳǻûһû
ʵɳ붦²ԶмһɽʮֶͣƥߣԱֲɳ¶ţҲѷɽȥɳǡ
Ľ
ǱٵȵϢ
˵Ҳɣ磬Ԩɳȥĳˡ
ĽעɳǵϢһ
ԨµĽǣλԮǳмһҲų⡣
ĽǷ׷վк
ĽҲһһѺû񣬼˷ֱŽ˳˵ɳǵ
ԭ֮ôûҪԾΣɳûƹɳǣߵĵطȥ̽ϢˡϣԮĽⶦ֮Σ
˵⣬ԼţԨûй˵
ǳ
ھɳǶʮ̨̽һԮϢ
˵Щ֪ô͵شǷ˳ͻ֯Ҷ˽еذգͽˡ
˵սͦң֪ʲôʱܴꡣ
н춼һʱ
ʲôµȼ·ϺͰմˣ
ǣ͢ĶôˣǺһ˵ҹװ󣬻Ϊ͸õˣڻ·ϵţ
õ࣬Ҳõģȴôף
ҪҪȼ³ˣĽ⼰ʱ꣡
ĽûиһԹǳһ
󽫾֮ǰзԸɳù£ҵɳˣǴͨ볯͢ӵͨ˳͢Ԯѳ֡
ཫǶܾϲаԵսĺ·Ϊǿǵˡ
ΨԨһ˿ǡ
פɳǣǳ׿ס˶¼߳ǵһУռ;߳ǻҪݡ
Ľ
ʹϵ̨ĶҲѾɳǵؾѴͻϮս޼˫ϣ̳Խɽ߽ɳؾֲ
Ԩ֪ʵȷʵõʱ
ڸոڶ¸սܣǻعǺпάɳΨһͨġ
ս¸չǾ뵽طɳػƻɳǣҲҪʱ䡣
Ǵʱжʤʺܴ
ֻǣҪɳǽ
Ľ¹ϵش󣬻Ϸ롣
ĽԨԥһĥĹǡ
еĽվϿҵص
󽫾ȫԷģǰͽˣҵֻɳǣɳ˱ԭɳǺ;κһפһһ䡣
ҼʮΪر߽Ϳ๦ߣǾվ
ĽԵ˫ȫʿģΥŵ
ӽҪȫģ㲻ܻᷴڡ
Ԩϵϣͫ׾
һʱ侹ǺͷʣһҲ˵
ȻʲôףһжΪǺˣȫûҪΪѡ


96 
֪佫 ھΪʵΡԣΪ˵İȫֱӷֿɵõôǳء
Ԩһˣ ܱôǳػҪ
κһΪһѡ
ˡ
ԨоǰδеıӺͱ϶ 걻һ߼ɵһ߸ʩѹίһ˲䶼õ˰
ʱľ裬ȱ߳Σѣ ԸΪ˴󳼵İΣԼ棬 ػҾ֮ʿ
һ̣ 治룬 Ϊβǻʵۣ Ѿ̳лλ˸öã
*
˹ǣ ˫˽ɳǵĲԣ ԼӵϷʽ
ɽվƥ޷ͨУֻܲС
ԨЩǣ൱ֻвȥǣ ôȥƶԷ
ĽʾȻֻв ͶʯǶͶʯҪɺ֣ܶ ʿǱŷɽԽ룬 ǰݳҲǵĻеͨװе ʹˣ ǱҲԿٸԭ
ˣףͶʯݣɳǵı٣ǽͻϮҪ³ǳرкܴʤ㡣
²˳٣̾ͳɡĽ
ԨЩɣ
Զ;ҪʿϢһ𣿡
Ľ
󽫾ģǵʿǾѵģ·ҲйٱϮҲû⡣
ǿÿ¶Ҫһس;ϮϰҪܶ춼ֻϢһʱϢʲôرܣɽԽ붼Ǽҳ㷹ѵֳԵúãʿǵ׳øţһ
ýʿȳһٷ
Ľ֣
ûϵǴ㹻ĸɱӺȵˮͿˡֱӳɡ
ˣԨҲ̵˼ϣĽǱߵʿǣҲѾϱӵ׼ˡ
Ԩϣ㷭ɽԽ룬춦ؾͬеĶ誡
ò˵˫һоµʿ誼µʿ˺ܴ𺳡
һ·ϣĽͳЩȫУȴûκʿԹҧľ˵±żʮԽɽڵٶҲȻܿȡ
߰ʱ΢ƽ·Ǳ㽫ϱｻǰûۣͬٶȿȻƽʱǶôѵء
Ԩѵϸ񣬵µ˵ǲһء
ͣûףҲȻһ֧ǿã˼
ȫٱһԺֻڿﵽǰЪϢһʱȻɫװ˸ֹеȫɳŽ
˳£ֱ׽Ϯ
ͶʯǶȣֱӽسŵʿըըˣȻѸټݳռ˳¥򿪳źô󲿶ҲԽǡ
ɳǱϮͻȻټϱؾעһ֧ϵֲǺٵģµʮɡ
Ǿݳ¥ˡ
ֱӸ˵ºԭǵսԣֱţȻ·кըΧˣ̶һϣռ˶ĸţɳǿ
ʱϮ˺öʿһ٣ſʼϢ
Ϣһ죬ϲtʿ˵Ѿɳˡ
誶ʱ΢΢ü
ǽеľͳҲǻʵĸµˣδزʵ۵ǡ
ĽȴûΪѣ
ȻԮѵ뽫ʿǱûҪڴ˴ˡˣȥȫ彫ʿװض£
誶ʱ߲ѣʿɳǵȴܹͱæظϳ˳ǳء
Ľʵýʿġ
Ľȴ
ˣǳô죬ȻǣңҵȿɵЩȥ
ֶ
Ԯ֮£Ҫʿغÿڷ硣
Ҳ֪µԣ֣صͷ
ĽģθĽʿǣǶؾеľ񣬲©Ϣ
Ľֵ
ף¹ҷҲܸͶʯԭǰձֵͶʯɣǵ̻ҪԶһЩֻڸͷͬСˡҿԸһܣý˺оƣسϱ㲻ˡ
誺⣬ͷж
ǶؾĴ£
ףǱûФܸôѾ㹻壬ôܻ¤̰Ҫ˼ҰѺһĶǡ
ңȥ굽ڣ뱱ֽս֮˲ңԭͶʯ˱ȱǱ߸Ͷʯбսǹǻسǣսõ
飬Ľʱɴشԭ·ˡ
˹ϵؾͰɳóиǾж
µĽ죬ԶŵӰǣռǱߺܴıˣĶ飬ֱ֪Ҫλرźá
*
ʱո٣ֱһͷ
һľʵ̫࣬ЯΪٶȸ죬Ǳռӵ۵ķԸȡ͵زİ취
һʼʵͦ˳ġذڽ壬òóʳοͽı
г˳ҲûмƽЩȥĽȡĲʳ顣
ϾΪǰ׼óʳÿ춼Ҫ˯һʱǰ·ǰȥ׼ġ
һʿ࣬ȻҲҪõĺô
ΪЧʣԸǣֱ򵱵شȡ󻧼ҵĲΧȡҲûӰڵ󻯣ڸͨմ̫󸺵
ԶЩԽΪһҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
˭֪ߵɳˣһβʱȴ⡣
̨Ĵ󻧣·һǵһݣǴ󻧵ı֮£Ϊɱ޶ܷǽǡ
ˣϸ裬֯˼ҶͰǣֱռ˳ţǵ˳⡣
ȥɳǱþ̨ЩΪȰ˵޹ֻܽս
̨ԼǳܵϮŵԵʣս뺷ǻ˺üʱ䣬Ź˳š
ֻһôĶɳôôܲؾ
ŽǰɳǣոЩ޲ߡ
ڱؾȻǸ߶ȾģִسǷôɳǡ
ù£Ȼı־ʱͲòɳǵ⣬ЩҲδرס
ɳǣ½
ѵҪ߱£Ϊξ޷½Ͱմˣ˾ʮþȵȴʧˣ
뵽Լܵĳͷѣոͷջˣǰֱӿ̨ĵǱǣ
սôЩƥģ
󽫾ǰǳϹҵǴģɳȥĳ
ոٻǱֱʹթȴû뵽ûãԨĶ誣ȻԴűӭˡ
ʶģҵļһ游׵߽սģھʱڽְ
誣ոǲ켫ˡ
ôɳǣ
誶Ľŭ⼸Ѿˡ
Ϊ·ϽӰգŻᱻ̨ոڳ⡣һˣֵоһûɱɱôԼҰա
ոǼӵĸʹٲҲܸԼлѹƽص
õȴ󽫾ǶʵΣֻԼɳ
ѾΣȴᣬм仹й¶һЩָ˼
ùոϺꡣ
һСָոϸǹҲסɳѾˣ˿
ֻҪսû⣬ӵ۱㲻׷̡
ԣҪģԨӽɳĹøԼ
ѵ
ǰ㸸˵ΣڵϦȴƾԼռɳǣŪ͢ǿ֪۾֮
һñֱɫࡣ
µĽҲǳ˲˵һ͵һҸǿñӡ
˫ν棬ܲ졣
̬ǿӲոʮպ޶ԷĲʶȤ
ȴţ׸Ҹó
ɳǴһգ𽥷˲Ծɳǵıֻ࣬ǧˣǲƥɳǽɵıս˵ǰû
һȺôԵػӮ˵ģ
µʿؿƿ͸¶Ƕǵϸڡ
ոԽΡ
ǼڸǣǷһЩ˿
޲Ķ߳ǽϣǲԫϱڣвζ
ʹǱߵ׵սۼ
һ룬ⳡսвúˡ
ףʤ࣬Եȫ⡣
ôģ
ʣԨӺ˽¹ᣬŻװ
Ǳ˭жɵԨӴ˾٣˱µĴɣ
Ȼûõʵ֤ݣոȴѾʤȯˡ
Ȼ誸磬ֱָԨӹʱɫ䡣
󽫾ƾ޾ݸ˰ô죿
ոȴеص
㵹ǺúýͽͣһͶʯսôɳǵģǽЩǲζĲԫϱô£
ֻ
ҲҪ͡
ʱԽ࣬µԽࡣ
ոٰ
ǾͱҲ棬£ʱҪ͵˾Ǳˡ¿ûô˵
һ
ԼӵǶɵӣͱ¼ɵı߽Žͳ˧ȫ롣
飬ô౱սټڿڣزס
ԣΪ˶סոٵ죬ֻóɳǵľ
Ȩһףǿѹеķŭ
ҪģȫԿ֣ǲȥӦ¡ҪģҿԸ㡣Ҳ󽫾ס˲ô۸ġ˵Ȳ׽Ӱ֮ԣУҲơ
ոҲûѱҪ˺˭䵽³
ңΪ϶µľ蹩ӦҶؾפɳǡǵʱٰѳɳǵͨھ蹩Ӧֽš
ոЦˡŲںؾǷɳǣֻĹǷӵ۽
СȻô£ĳȻҲ¶ˡԺ󿹻֣ͨһ𣡡
˵ţͳ誾Ʊ
誷ߺ޵غ˾ƣǻŭ߳˾ʡ
ϵҹһɢ˾ŭȴҲġ
Σְ취ǽΧľʣɳǣһսƷҪ˵Ƕȱƥȫá
Ϊ˲ʵ۲¼ɣµĳǳأֺδ
ɳ͢أǸŲ¼ɴѹǰԮĲ˵ò׵Ԯ·ٰգսһ²ǰʲôǸҪս
˲ĳ͢óϷȥЧң


97 
Ϊ˾еļˣ Ϊ˱߳ǵİգǱ͡
볯ֻ͢Ǳ֣ ܿȴ޹ա
죬ǱҲϢ ĽĲڣԼȫԭûκȾָ߳ǵ˼
룬 ҲΪĻգ ȴûĴ߳ǳ֣ѡš
뵽ˣ ȴԽػ
ˣ ֵЧҵ
һ̣ 治ϣʵ̱Уʱ׼ٽʲô ֱȫ֧λ
ϧ һжǻ롣
֪òóսµĽҲʮߡ
ʲôǽͳ˧أ̵ı̨İն磬 սıµǱ˭У
ͲµĽôߣʱֱӼöװЩҲը˶ãǲսô ʱ˵ǿӵʱˣ ׳ҹ٣
ôߣ ý֪ǺǱߵĹֻܰЩԹѹ
˽ǣ ͨʿ ҲԽǳõ˽ۣ
ЩһԼǽֺúܣˮԴʳ˵ʹǵȥǸɻµıֱһɡ
԰˼µıǽһǫãƫû»Ƣ󡣡
һֺͷ磡
ǺǲսĻµ˸öã
ô˵ֱӳΪµıǻأﲻı׿ã
ٺ٣ҵ룬ǻʵ϶׼

Ľƥľӣ˵ÿȥÿ죬ȴڶؾУ˲ĥӡ
ĽʲԮڼ䣬ȴصǵȵأӲ˽޻
ѾǾѮ޻Ҳȫժˡ
˾ũֲ㱨˽޻Ĳժ
޻ֲܹʮĶ
Ҫ˴ؿİÿĶرֲһĶ޵ߣǣΪֲֻһû޻ֲκҪ
֮⣬䭻޻ʱ򣬲һʿ޻ֲÿĶأҲĶ
ƽĶһٽȥѺƤ޲Լʮܼһǧ˰
ĶִĲ޴ʡXʡ˰ǧĶǲеԶǱһʮĶҲо롣
ܲҲ1.8֣ȲִXʡİٷ֮һ
ϸ룬Ҳ
߱ûֵʷ޻ƷǾαǨģƼˮ׼ӦĻǲȽϵͣƷҲûôõ޻Ʒ֡ûлʵ£Ͳ̫ߡ
ңһǧ˰Ŀǰ˵ҲѾȫˡ
޼޿㣬һ״ԼĽңɺüˡȻȫ¿㣬֯޲š
֮ÿÿ궬Է޷ճϴٷһ˽ޱ
֮⣬Ҿƶİգ棬Ҳÿ˷һ׹ÿһޱ
µͣ޷ϴ˻ûɣҪȵϴΪҲ޲һϴ»ڸá
ãô޻֯ϱȥִ޲ԭϡеݳƷϡȱ׬һǮȫ޻ˡ
Ҫҹģǳ޼ӹ
Դˣй滮һҳСһҽԭһҽںԭ
˰ţһΪԭĸ࣬޲ҲģһȴǶԺԭõķߡϾûʲôȴҵܴؾҵ뾭÷չˡ
ԭڱոһʱ϶ڱ߳һĴڡ
պǣڴ˾ס;̣ЩûȫС޺İգ˻ϲ̫ԸԭǨҲ̫ȥ⡣
ԭǰͷɹ˹Ϳں䵲ţⷽĹӦܱ޼ӹĴǵҲߣҵȻҲܸŷ
͹ǵѾڽũеʱòˡ
޻Ļ֯ҲǴֲͻҪģǽص޻½͵ӹĲֿ
һ棬ǳڹ˵Ƹ
ܼͨҪĹݲƷͳɱԤⶨλ
ôϸµĻ̫óֱӰ齻Խóܼҵ߹Ҿϵһ̶
Ȼ巽ϻһЩҪģ൱ȦķΧڽй滮
߹ܸ˻ܰ齻ԼԼ񲻽ǹܼңĴ¡
⻰ЩЦҵĲ˾ܵ»𣿡
ھĿ֧϶Ҫ߹ӡΪԼļŮˡ
߹غߺһǲһʵ񣡡
˵꣬䭸ͳ鿴Ȼ
磬ҪôŮ𣿡
䭵װ֯ȻŮΪ
߹οŮ治ףԼһƵǺ£ڼ˵ֱ塣
ȻССͣӴ͸ŮѾߣ֪¡
˵ţд˼
ֻǣӦֻеоסŮӣסڴϵģȴ޷ӵõĻᡣ
㲻֪˵ЩסڴеŮӣڼеţɷżŰȥˣҲֻͶһӵǸûб·߰
⵹δǵķ档
߹˵ȷʵеĿǰϢʽ˵סڴŮȷʵѵõйϢ᳤;¡
޷·ڷµҵṩŮӵĹȷʵ̫ˡ
ˣαйһȥɡϴ˿ͰװŮӡ
˵ûʼոˣ˴Ժ󣬱ģֲˣȥĶص˲ҲǧȫǣҲٻҪüʮ߼Ҵǳ
Чʵµ񣬵첻پҵλ
⣬ʱһ涨йϢݵ򡣾չ˵Ůӡ
ŮʵҲǲӵͶҲַͨʽŮӾǿʶͨõλ𽥰ѱˡ
߹Դϲվ֣䭸
ҴŮлл磡
֣أЩ졣漴ҲףǸ˼ĻµŮ
ݣʵΪŮıȷʵŮ֮ҡ
Щδ뵽뵽ҲԸҡĿǰģһᾡȥţܵģҲԻԶڹ滮Ժʵ֡
߹۾ݺݵͷ
ǳﻮֵ
磬ܣʼ죬ȸλǲҲŮΣ
Цҡҡͷ
Щаš
ֻôֵˣҲֻһͷ
߹˵Щλ׼Щս˲еĽ٣ͨʿ
Ǳ˺ܴף˻ĸϣҲǻбİ취ʳϸõ
ȫҲסջǰѲڻ߹Ů£Ҳ𵽼ලá
պ߹˾Ƹƻ飬˺û̫⣬㽻ֵ¿طƸͨ档
ͨһڸ˼䶯


98 
ȵ֪Ϣģ ˲ʿǡ
䭽ػֵʱǾܰǽϽػָʿҾġ
ͱʿ̽ףʿ̽ڼʱн飬 Ҳ㼯ٻءңǼȱҪͶ ֵطͳԿǽֵ˵ ֮ġũҲԽЩơ
У ˲ʿʿҾģǶǵһֱಹ
ˣϢȴЩġ
е￪ ټǣ һϢ
ط ˲ʿļָλ߰ٶˣ ɵĸλ ҲģߵĹλᣬסһļй ׻н𡣲ңʹȥ ÿµ˲вҲͬᷢŵġ
Щλֻ˲ʿļ ֻҪȥˣ ʱΥͣ ɺñְ ͿһֱϣҲְκż
ʾݣڳʿǶʱбһů˲
Ǵ඼ڸ濤ȥ˷˺ԭսܵˣµľ࣬ȻҲûͬõǮõٵĻᡣ
˸س̶ȣһ쵽ʮᵽʮ˲иԼÿһĵ˲вǾûбˡ
ȻҲǷأЩһֻ۾ĻЩֽŵģڸ϶ʹʲôڼĻ˶硣
ǲԹΪ˲иĳ͢ѾܺˣοǷ˵أһ˰ա
ֻǣ˲дĲ㣬ǻϳ˷ˣǶԼͥǶûٲʲôסǵ֪ͬˣõ˷ͣоԽʧ䡣
񣬿ǰ˹
˲вÿٶõģϲھеʱˡ
ң˵ȥţǷװǳ
һǸǵͬģһǸ׬õģԿ˵Ҫĺš
ǲǷˣΪңÿٶ׬ĵ룬ΪΪǰߵͬϾá
ͻȻãԼ塣
⣬ҪлԸһᡣ
̫ˣȻѾкܶȴǹǣ
ΪˣҲܱ˸ȥˣȵ˸λϣһҪúùΪЧ
Ҿȥʼˣ˭ĳƭ
ȥܣЩûĵļһ͵Ķ

ʿǣڵ֪ϢҲñаġ
ڿµԵúôúãһ̣϶вƵǮսɳ޶Спšǰòмãõĸû˶࣬Լ˲ҲƵġ
񣬿мͬҲôõĺ·ǱҲûʲôµˡ
*
ʱسʮԶҴ壬ҲհйϢﵽ
ΧŸʾ۷׷ף
һˣȥôԶĵطʲô
ǰʧ˹˭֪ͷʲô
Ҳ֪Ǽ٣ֱӰȥ˰ɣʱ˭˵ȥ
ǿӦİɣ
Ҫģ治ǿ·ģ׸ģȻԼƼǮһ·ǮһǮֲҪǲò廨ֻǷ죬ôһܷһװɡһǶһʮģܹİһʮˡҪ΢ڿ㣬ǲһˡ
һǧĵĽˣ׻ףҲ߰ǮһأһһˣڼҲﲻʲôæȥǮ
ûסʡ˲ٿ
ôһ̣˶ãͼӶϱȥ⳧
֯·ֻļҵĲɣسܽй˿ϣͻͳһ͵ȥѡ˵ģҲܰ׵ʮǮء
Ҫѡˣһģһ͵öǮ롣ǶˣҲʧƵѾ˶ӣҪﴫˣҲҲû¡
ңôһȥģҪûˣһȥ֣˶ڵģٸҲ᲻ܡ
Լɷǵ㣬վΧĸǣж¶־塣
ЩŮӣһӶڼҸ಻ʮķΧڻ˵ҪңȥĿǣҪǵ
ңǵ˼пܱԶز˼ҡ
յδ˵ʵǿ¼ˡ
Щ˵еһ
صֻԼʢС˸һҲûʢ
ɷ빫˵ţɷ͵سȥ첻ߣţͿʡʮǮĳѡ
һԴСӣһŮ¶سŷǵĸϼʲô
ӣǵһʹ±ϳţҲ᲻úԼĶŮֿ
Ÿߴɷ
ҵģǲҪȥԺÿ첻ɻÿֻС룬һ
۵ֵˣ⻰ʱɫͲÿˡ
̸üͷһ壺
Ů˵ķ𣿴ɣϱЩ¡
ɷʱ纮˪һƾͳ˹ʱͰǳѪ
̿޺ģɷȴ̲ȭߡ
Ůŵò˵ĸװѾϰΪ
һԵŹһųֹ
ˣˣҪǴˣӰ·ҪѡϾ鷳ˡ
ɷס֣֪뵽ʲô
øʵ㣬ҪǸˣʲôù˿㣬һ㣡
ﱻһȭߣϨз˼ֻܾصȴſµδ
ɻͼһʰι˼е֯ǰ֯ھӼҴ޺¶ͬҡ
Ůˣ˾ͬͶ̥Ͷ˸̥
ȻҲż֪أҲûôҪ͵ȥ
ǼԶĹѸüң乫źСǣҲڻغƭһȥԡ
Ǵ̣ܲܽǶЩģ᲻ȥ
ǧѷĺûᣬǴˣʵڽ˲ġ
ÿѵöɫżˣЦ֪Щ˴ʲô̡
޷ǾˣǺóװռָĸŮء
˵ǰĸŮֵأʵȴǵеճɣһŸǼʮʳ֯Ǯͱˡ
һȴû
ðҿȥǸǮҰ椴ߣ
Ҵ壬һҲˡͷǰ;һҲչ黹Щϣ
ŮڼҲʲôӣҪôǿҪôҳˣǼǮˣδĸŮҲܹһġ
⻰ż˴ϲ
Ȼˣ˳˸Ǯ
ּۻһǶ¿ͷԼֻҪܽй˿ϣһǮŮߡ
ڶһ磬ҴʮŮӣڼ˵Ѻǰسǲѡһǰ;δĿµ·


99 
˵ ѡͷеġ
Ҵʱ򣬻ûѡεʱ䡣ʱȴѾۼ˼ˣ֡
Щ һЩݳ࣬Ų· ڼѺ¿޿ĸˡЩȴǴŸɾµ·һڴģЩ֮⣬δС Ҳһ־ӡ
ûã ǽֵĵطһǰ棬мȥ Ȼ
ע⣬ ֯Ŷӣ ǰǼǣ
ҴæԼļ˾ۼǹؾصվһе˺ͷ
ǵ֯£ ҺĶʱͱˡ
Ȼ Щǣǰũҵ֪ʶѵѾʲôŶˡ
ȰǼ꣬õĴžͿˣ һôԺͷǰʮʮܵ֯ һЩСӣ Ųߡ
ү׵Ĵ վŵۡ
ȻүѡΣ
ڶӴĴզ࣬ ѡηΧ ¶ڿƭֵĻɴ˴롣ҪȥμѡεĴиǣܶ˿ƣȴЩ¡ܶ˽ŵֽŷ
ȻƽʱҲЩ£ǣŮС֣бģ޵Ķ
ͣȴɷһڼϣǳ
ʲôҪûѡϣȥÿģ
޴ѹ֮£ҲԼ
ֵܿǴȥѡ
һѡ֯һǷ¹ģϤߣ˵Ķ˲١
￼Եڹ涨ʱ֯ǱߣҪһڷһСɰ
һʱ䵽ˣվЩ࿼ĸˣ㰤鿴ǵĳɹ˵䣬Ȼڱϼ¼ʲô
һֱȵõǰѡν
ﶼѡˡ
˵Ҫȥ׼ľȥ׼糽ʱſڼϣһȥԭҪȥ׼ģȵվʱаá
֪»ż٣ɷһҪǮؼңɴؽſڣƾ޺Ҳᡣ
ȴЩ鷳ȥվõӣӣȥ˵ûȥϹġ
ʱѣ̹кá
Ϊѵ
źӣɾҪռ˵λã˵ĶҲǸͷµģ
һᣬתͷܻãֱſڴ
ǵҵ簡¶ĸû·òѡȥôŮҪȥ
һӾͷүע⡣
иſڴ֣˵ʵڲһй£үɫ˽
Ǹ˺
²ˣǿ޿ؽѴرżռˣŮԲůΪѰһ·ӦѡģŮڼұŮһȥԭ
׵룬
㵹Ǹĸٱ׼ŮһǰԭɡԭҲ˵ͬŮȥס͵Լ취ˡ

ȥԭľص棬в񷽲ǰ޺ø״ȥ˳ҲһҪӹ̣ܽ򱾹پģ𣿡
ʵ£֪ѸŮȥ˵࿴Ѹãᷳô򼸾䡣
Щ£Ͻͷ
ҲãǹѸǰǷǶִ࣬ŮЩסš
ͬŮǰԭָϽǧлؿͷȻ¶Ůסվ
ڶһ磬Ǳõ֯£һشǳˡ
һŮţˡЩĸˣһϴ档Լķ£Ҳᡣ
·죬¶޵ģڵ絽ԭǡ
˳Ǳ㿴һҶƷͷǺܴһƬӣͷˣųìžǳŶӵʿǡ
ΪʿǲάȻ˺ܶ࣬Ҳܶ࣬ȴҡ
ЩݵľүǺľǰδеƽԹٸз飬ԽװǲŮȥסô졣
һЩװͰ͵ľүֱӳ鵶֮ǰүҲ
ǲ飬һŲ˵Ǽ̨ǰ
ǵǼǵĸ˿ӣǹѸüͷûһ£ֱӾ͵
⺢˰ɣýˣõšԼƽչܺãҪѡϹǰ͵йȥרչˡ⣬ĻʳҪ㣬ÿǮͣĹǮۡ𣿡
ŵشԭء
ȫû뵽Լһ·£Ȼô򵥾ͽˡ
ôҲˣֱӾͰŵˡ
źסﻹϹʱտӣʲô֮Ƕˣ
ںӵĻʳ㣬һʮģչܺҲҪôǮοܺӵ͡
Ժÿ±׶ĵĹǮϼƼ˵İٶ࣬סﶼˣûбĻʮʲô԰Ǯױ
뵽ǰӯǵǼǵĸ˵л
ǸЦŵ
лʲôøлǿĺߣǿǣôܵİš
㶣û뵽⾹ǿķԸ
߸ϵĿȻ뵽Щ۵ĸ˼
ϸ룬ȷʵ뵽ǣǰֵصʱ򣬿ɲŮҲͬĶôĳĴûй顣
Ϊ⣬ЩŮ˼ңȥˣܸٳԵģôǴġɰǧŮӤΪԳɻ
ͷһΣЩŮӱˡ
ҲΨпŻǵˡ
ѹִǶ˵ãҶ˺ӡҲԵôá
һ·ǼǺ󣬺һ𱻰ȥϴ軻·
ͷһΣϴˮ裬ӡϴ裬ͷϵʭӣֵһ״ֲ·
ȻǴֲȴǴµģ㡣ůůͷֱַ˲;ߣȥʳô򷹡
һʳãŵķζ
ŵʱ򣬴򷹵ĸֱӸľͷʢһ׽ˡȻ
ԱߣԼʢ
ԱߵװǴľͰһƣ澹Ȼö൰滹ƮһͻζƮ˿ˮҪˡ
ϽԼһҨЩҲûǳ
ԼѾ˺ܶ˵ĳ£̻̾ʵسԺ
극ǰδ͹ĹĵĶӣζˮζǿģذ
Ҳû뵽װĵһôãû˴·ܳһٱ
ңղųԷʱԱŵ˵ÿԳٷÿٶԳôÿ컹ǳһ⡣
ϻôõ£֪Ϊʲôܶ˶Ųɵӡ
Σװӣƺô£˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
*
ԭԭǵȵأæ齨³ʱǺɳǵϢͬʱ˼ӵ۰ͷ
ڼǿ˶ǷļӺϢͨˡ
δĲʲôϢ
ӣȻ˺ˣڸռ²õıɹ˹ҵһϺõĳϢʱѾʼɿˡ
˵ǵȵؽӭǰδеĴգʳ㡣ΣǴԱߵĿǱߵĿ䭵Ҳ
ΨһܳҲѾʵԸ㡣
Ҳûκΰ취ѹ䭣
֪̫ѨֿʼʹΪԼ룬ŬԼƽһɳǵľ౨
ݣӵ۵üͷչ
ոûйĺɹɳǡ
ˣǶס˱ֲڣñֿԴԴϵϮԭء
ǰɳǶʧΪ˸ֲнأǰһױˡ
ңԮ֧Ԯɳǣʱɶӱߵĵол
֪һݱǳ嵭Ǳߴĸ
ڶһ磬ȵس糯ϣһϢ
κƽĴǣ֪ԭӵƲǶԸֵļƲߡ
аңԼûڼӵڼ̫С
ر£
˴δݣȫӢָӣ
һʱ乧֮ϡ
ϲķΧһֱ糯ʱͷԶµľ鼱
¡
֣Ӽӵ۵üһ
˶ãÿζŶû£ҪǮҪҪ˵¸漱ó֧͢Ԯ
ϲõնʱΪ֮һ
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ζľȻǽݱǰδеĴݣ
ԨʾͻϮ֣ȡǰδеʤˡ
ͶµĽݱȣɳǵĹʱԵòˡ
Ԩǰüӵ۲˹֮£ȴҲմá
ããã
֣Ԩǹ֮˴´󹦣ͣȥͶȫؾ
ԨҪľ빤Ҳһ׼ˡ
ͬʱȥȫ´ݱ
Ҫȫ֪Ҳֻ䭲Żʤ̣µཫһԡ
һεĶ´ݣѹһѹ䭵Ĺâһˣ


100 
յԳ͢ą飬 ոٿ誵
ǸӶˣܺã
ռɳԨϮ֣ɱ࿯һġ
ȶµս ɳֻɱǧˣԵô΢
ԭΪ⸸Ӷаѱϣ ĸԸѹռɳǵĹøȴû뵽ڱС
誶Թ޲Ϊ⣬ͽˣ һþܻġ
ã µʿҲһֱá
˵ǲ󽫾ͷҲšйҲ˵ı ǱΪסѵҪΪմ󽫾飬 ñһֱԱս磿
һ ոٶµƿԡ
뿪̾˿
;Щ˴򽻵 ǽƣ
һУ ʵЩյġոٲ˵øע
񲻵òô
Ϊµʤᴫȥ͢Ҳ֪ϸڡȱǣմŭ Լȥ
ɳսһ𣬱ȻñʥĴáôϲӣ Ĺսţ ܲ½֪
ǵԽ ¶ͻԽȫ
Ҫɱǣ ù˼ڿڡ
ң ӵôӣΪάԼ棬ҲԸͱйء
ǶӮˡ
δʱ䣬Ǻͼ˶ǰȫġ
֮⣬Ҳͨνݱӳ͢øľ裬׳ԼʵͶʯ㹻ʯӦ˱ֵսҪԸִ׶ˡ
*
ߣҲͬӵ˳͢ą顣
ȻǷ֮ǾͲǳ͢ˣÿͳߵ顣
ȱֵ¿ݣֵ¿ֻЦһ
͸ĵƵģ԰սą鵹ûǣӱˣǲ֪֪࣬¼AҲҵס
ӵ۷ǣҫʾġҪ˼õǣ¶ӵ۲Ŷ˶Խ㡣
ôÿµ˼
ȥ䭡
ǵ˿ʼոˣĶԶȥ꣬ټֲǰ޽ĴؽѱЩ
ǸڽؽѡҲĴѲӣⷿǷ꣬¼صļҼӹ䳧豸Ƿϸ
ѵǿǣҪʾĹȥ
£͢飬Ҫع֮ҪҪ
䭿ݣ΢΢һӣѵôһʤ̣ʿӵ۵֪ϢδϸϸʵȲѸˡ
Ȼˡ
ֵ¿Щ⣺
⵹ԵƵġ
ңڰѼӵԽߣԽǴ˴ûᡣ
䭵
ǰҾĽ߹ԨоսƷдãҸŲ֡ϱӦԨǱߵԱ֮ߣЩѣǵһ¡
ϱ£ԨԱкôġ
Ԩһ˶ھΪʣȴ񵱳һˣڼӵѾûüֵʹƲ߾ܰ;ߡ
߹ս½ţԨļҾǾеصض󣬱˵ٵǳϸ㣬Ҳд͡
Ҫ߽ļˣͺһƣȻǱӵرصġ
ĿǰҪӼӵнһˣˣԨӱȻʼջвڼӵۡ
ֵ¿Ե
¶Ԩࡣǲ֪һʱܹ˳¡
Ϊ㣬˳ģǸ²жءνΪϣ¶Դ˵ԽӦˡ
ȴҡҡͷ
ҲҪԨ˹˳ҡԨ֮ãڱֻҪһ㣬Ч˭ûϵ
͢Ԩ˺٣ֻԨڶؽλϣʵססİա
ֵ¿һ
һֱֻΪշԨŴԮ£ȴûֻΪ˴֣Ϊ˰ա
֮£Ĵȣˡ
ػſΪ
ֻǲ֪˺ʱ״ΪһС
ҹУɳʵڽܰɿ䭵ģȴǷ⡣ȣҲ硣
*
յĺ֮Уĸ
˶֪׼ʹʽ֯Ҳ׼˭Ҳ֪ʽΪ˭׼ġ
չӦּʱٰʽ֮Уȴûκ˵õ˲ּ⡣
˱ֻǱ׼ĳ˵ľϲ
ȫ󹬶ڶλõĹ
ʺޣʹܲעĿ
ԭѡһԽʢ裬ٶȸ˷ɼһٽڣ˵ȵ˻ӹͻΪйԽ
һĿǰĹϡ丸ܱ¿أѲЩͷҪƺ˳
ϾĹû˻ʺ󣬱ϵɣͬġ
Ŵӣڹз羰õؽУһڵλΧУ˵ʲôʹ֮λĪٵкǵ⡣
ϾԴ빬͵õ˼ӵǰδеʢ裬·ݴˣӵˣȴҲʱʹͣ׼ˣвҲԼϣġ
ʱҲһЩйڹ棬ؽ;յʱ
ս½ţӵһ֮鲻ѣѾδٰ;յˡ
Ǳȥؽˣ˭֪һ·ŷǵطѾռˡߵ¥£˵ʹ֮λĪĻ
ȻڴˣǾȥɡ
йʶȤص
Ȼδ빬ǰҲǲݣλǲͬˣб
ȴС˵־Ĳģ
ΪʲôҪȥĵط˭涨ؽֻһͻģ
˵ţͰͦʮ߽ͻľõؽͤС
ӴҾ˵˭ռؽͤأԭ
Ѿͻ͵òˣǿɺãСһεص˼ȴʮǿơ
һüͷһ塣
һֱ̡ͷʢʱҲӻŮһһ߸ϣǿһؿкǲ졣
ţȻһСڵط
ǿǲˣҲ
õص

ŶǿֻܴҼһˣˣǵĶ
ͤӵʯȫǱߵĵĲˮп԰ڱĶĵطǱ߸ֵ߹ӣҲһѡ
˺Ϊѣ
ûطˡ
ȻţĿ¶Ц
һֱۣӰʯϵһƣЦŵ
΢һ𣿡
Ǳߵﻩһȫϣˤ÷飬һܵŵģ
ѽһСļͷˣĶȥأ
û뵽ȻֱƶڵϵĶһ⻰òС
㡭
䴽¶ƵЦ⣬ȴǸһ
Ҳǹģǳ˴ɱҵ
ˣ۾һתŶӽ
ѽҵĶӺʹȥ̫ҽ
Χ̶˻ţֻؿ̬¶̵ɫ
ΪԼﻳűأһӶѣʱջϲԼĵλ
뻹ǰһŶĺ򸸻ʸ״øѵΣ
ԭΪǱߵЩĻţɳǽȡݣٴηŻ˶
ÿûϸд̣ԵпЩգԣ͢ڱսѾʼŤתƣҪӮˡ
ʿʼٹ˼ɣ׼ĸΪʹҲ˵һ㡣
ȻˣôС
ĸĲʽڼҲΪӴ⹬ˣȻײˣÿɱӺֻ
ŸʾΪһʱӴ⹬
ʵ֤жûӵ۸ûĸ״¡
ӵǵϢ
ûڶɳݵą顣
شЦ˼
ֵ䭱ˡ
䭲ͣɲǵĳ͢ĽݱӰǵȵصô
ڶ壬Ϣᴫȥֻһʱȴһ
ƽ֣޳֮ʱֻӻҡ
кϢʱǰУġ
ʱգڿԺ޹˼ɵȥˣΪӸһЩ߻ӽڹҹһһס
ʱ̣һСС״Ȼмκβ
Ϊκƻա
ˣί״ҲֻԵҩİʱҲûһ䡣
Ȼʵȴݲӣոҹͷ̫ȴ
£﷢ˣ̫ҽ˵Ƕ̥Ҫ
ӵ۶ʱüͷ΢š
߻˲ĺӣ񻹲Ÿ£Ѵʱ
ͽˣ˵Ӳ⣬ڼĻǴһӣмĵġ
Զʱһۣ𱸵
ɵĺ£ȥǸ
ϵӵİΣӵۻǾбҪȥǸԱƽľ
ԣѯʵ
ô£
ӵ۲ǰŮ˺ͺӣε
ûʲôֻС¡
ȥǸȥڹǳЦǽӵ⡣
ӵ飬̱ίؽ齲һ顣
ȻУֻؽͤҲСĽĶȥ˶ѡ
ĸ治ǹģҵʱѾǸˣҪôǸ¹𣿡ίۿᣬſǻ
Ϊʦڣɼ˲أŮҲȲ˻ûı񣡡
һ˵߻üͷ΢šҪ˵ʲôȴĿ̾˿˺һŵ
¶ҪǸȥǸġ
̬ȣӵȴЩĻˡ
ŮĻ뷨ͷ
һӶѣһЩҲԶеķ
ˣˣ¶ȥǸʲôãҽȥűǡƢҲݵò֪ߵغǸýЩ
˵ţԸҽȥǬת˻⣬ûһ㡣
֪ӵӴ⹬ûһ˳ǬԽúˣӲ˳ҹһСӡ
СӣҲ·Щʲôڲϴ棬ٲҪӵۡ
ȡ˳׵ʤе⼫ˡ
ӴڿԲκίڿڹüعˣ
ˣҲӴ˴¼У˼ӵ۶Ӵ⹬ͬѰ̬ȡ
ΪǷݲѰϣҲԼܷ˳ûʹ֮λ
˭Ҳ֪ʱֱ߹أһ߳ѾϢͼ̨С


101 
Դʮǰ ֱƴ֮һֱںƽ״̬
ɱϵĸ죬ެƽ ѩ俤ǶΪóпšǶߵĶʮĵط ֵأֱͼƵľӡ
Уެƽʮ 󽫾˷ͳ졣
ެƽͳ ໹ɢֲڱ߷ǵıء
 ͨó׻ȡʳ · ҶƷ񱱱һ ҲʱϮŴ߳ǡ
ڱʿ ķΧҪɺܶࡣ
Ϊˣִαװó鹥볤ʱеؾûӦֱӶʧҪĳš
ţؽΰ ֵûͶ˽ ĳ ׾ٵС
Ȼ ʹͶ˽ ķҲǴ˷
ǰգ ЩͶ˽ʿҲǧؾִ
зߣͨͨɱ⣡
ͼǻŭʲôԸ
ȥЩԭؾߣͬ
Ȼ֮ǰЩֵԭļǣҲȫץɱͷ­ڸǽϣȫǡ
ֱ߾ļ˶סڳҪץǾ׽һס
ɱӺзĵʿй˼ɣӶʵ
Ըͼĸո¶οЦݣ
̨ӢЩԭ˾ǲ֪ôǶûһǽȫɱϽ֮ĲƲѾܺˣǲж±ˣȻŴϮǵʿ͸úúɱһͨܽѱ
ǰͼĽǲɱٵ²жܲһ˧ͨˡ
ͼɱ˲ĿģԭѱǡҪЩԭֵǿɱĩãѳŪ
ոɱʾִ֪ˣȥ
Ը꣬ͼеһݽУȴûƽϢ
ԭǲڳдɱġ
ߵһ࣬λԭİ͹Ǹıԭ˵һЩԭյĴһɱ¾٣ǳĿǳ
ԭճ׳ôˣԴԴϵΪĲƸ
ԣһʼǴԾƽķʽͳγǵġ
ʵ֤вͨԭնԭͳһ£һ̬ȡ
٣ԭ˶࣬սǵʳһۼڳеĴΣա
۲˼죬ֻҪƤޣܸõ岢Щԭˡ
ϡ
ѵЩ
Ǳ̨ӡԭϣͼһֹϡ
ĺԺλϲ˵ߣڸеĵλȴһλͼϲ
δĻױ
̨ķԸһ³ǣȥˡ죬Ӧþܴﵽǡ
ͼػ˻֣ȴվû˵ۻͥĻ
һʱ֮䷢˺ܶ¡
һʼڵĹԭǺܿܵģǺҲãҲգȻֻһĴԼǹԼСӡ
ż㱨һշԼū뻤԰ͼϵƴѹҲŴǧ⣬㽥Ů˼Ȥ
ʶ˾ֵݺ˳ǡôؽ˻ػ㳹ױλԭâ
ʱգòϣЩϻּ͵ԭŮӡ
ҪǵݣΪЩԭ˵ġ
ͬʱҲףǴʱǣȻ֪ɱ˺ܶԭˡ
˿Щ
Ȼ˵ѾｫӾӪϻȥıһ˪
δ鿴
²ż޵ʱȻ룬Щ£ϿȴҲº˳ġ
ãӦҲˡ⸮Ѿ˰Ǿ˵ϲýвã㿴Щ㣬˸һġǣӦøϲԭǳأ
£ϣ֮Ľ֡û˵ǰȥϧظƽδʩü
ˣҡϣһЩ
䵭ضѹеĳޣ
ֺͥɱ˵𣿡
˵⻰ʱ·һǴ̵Ĵ⬡
һ仰ʱͼǵ̬ȡ΢΢ü
ǲҸɱǡ˵ףԼ֪ȤЩ޹ؽҪƽҪΪǸ
¶ŨŨĳ
ô˵ǱɱЩƽĴͼǵã֣ǲŷģ
⻰˵Ǽķ˽ۣԾ¶ĳӣȴͼջ
ݺݵסǵ°ͣ·ɢЩ뿴һ
ǣǵҪΪЩ޹ؽҪŭ𣿸ԼݣͼϣҴµĳǳأҲͬ㣡
ȴص
ǴĹԶǡҪɱҴİգӶĳǳأұƲ
ȫͼеŭ
ãһĴˣѺȥϼӿأ
ûеקת뿪ˡ
һ·ɴͷľۣشʹ
޷ԼһɱյĹ׽ЩôյѪʺլȣ
ֺףǱȣȴǴӳΪ׹һ𣬱縺άϵƽʹ
ԣΪԼܺúûţҲΪŬ߽ͼз̨Уϣͨл֮άָõ̫ƽ
սѿѾͼǳСʱ˿ıޣ޷ټί
ͼѺǺȲ
ˣԴսϭķެƽȥһҲҪ󣡡
ϭУдµȻԴսɣԼͣս
սȻԴŮð乫޸ΪɵģôΪͣսٽֵʮǳأҲðԭе޹ΪƽϢֺŭ
ʱգԣֻǸӣǵҪŪҲΪλͶ
λھǿȡᣬῴ῵ҲΪԳĴзˣûЧ޸ƣǸᡣ
Ȼ˵󣬱еͶ
ǣҪ´Ϊӱ
ʵˣϭķȥԵ¶ô־ڱصһ㡣
ᣬǴ㵱ٷϭģ֪ʹˣҲвĵλ̬ȣֻԼһǻϱ˹ʺҲ˼뷨ֻ̰ϭķ͢һѩǰܣ
*

󽫾ʧأֺҴս
󽫾˷ӵϢͬʧ̬شվ
Դ뱱ֿսʵҲ˾裬ȴôҲû뵽ôһǣ˵Ͷˡ
ǰôһϢûУ
±ôҲܱ˲乥ƣһԮϢͲ
ʿ
˵ϸͶֱ֣ӷ־ӽ˳ǣûʲֿ
˷ܴصȥ
ϸε֮һΪὫûѾس῵뻻ˡ
ȴˡ
῱ɱ˫ۣǸ˼ҹˡ
ϣֱӷճӪôܴùϢ
һ©ȴͱ˴¨ˡ
ӱѴռԭĳǳأһʲ裬ֻѲ
ҶԷѾϭģһڲҪĶ̸ȫ濪սϱ͢С
飬ϽдһӣľֵϭһӼ˾ǡ
սǺ̸ֻдʵ۲ܾϡ


102 
뾩ֱ߾붼ǧ ŵĲȻһ·߹ٵȴս·㻨ʮ죬 ŰϢ͵ǡ
ӵۿ˷ӣȻŭ
 ֱˣļȫѺΣÿ˿һֻ֣ ͵ȥ
пܣ ȻҪļ˽в䶯ҡǣ߸ıáʹܣ ҲҪնɱ˾߽
ùλϸߵ佫ѼھΪʣ ΪľǷ
ӵѿڶĻ ɫЩΣȴǲòӲͷƤѵ
¡ֻһһھУ ȫˡ
ӵ ǰΪδһѳǸСϡѳûãĸҲзȥˡ
ԣ῾Ϊ»ģ Ͷ֣
һĵֻϡΪ֮ĸ ҲΪŮ޷ڸ ôʹ
ң ˷ ҲҪԽϽ ػ˷в
ôսδƽǰ޷ٽˡ
˵Ҫʹȴһʱʳˡ
뵽⣬ӵ۵к޶˻µῡ
泼ӣƽϢս£ؽǧУ
ҪͲò
῵ĶӻԼ벻ѳģΪ˰߽Ҳ׷һƷУξľλѾܶԵˡ
ῲ֪ж췴ɼ䱾Ͳġ
˷Ȼʧ죬˷ǰҪı߳ǣͳ´
սƽϢҪ滻С
ӵи˷һʡ
ڶϣҲǰЩš
֪ıʣ϶ʱը˹
ͱֵս»ûּ꣬һ֣žͽ˾ýǲ
һʱʷ˵вˣӣΪ߾˴±߽ͶУѣҪӵϳЧȡ
ԴˣӵͰź˵۵˽з
۵Դǵط
ǰѾΪܵ˳ͷûΪһ泼ùܷġңǴѵѽʷΰȴţĪǻͬѽ
һ˵ʷٷ
˺е۵˵˴γڵ֣׷󽫾˷ʧ֮
Ǽӵص£Ȼǰ˲˽и顣
Ļӵ֧ߣҲûзŹûᣬͼӴס
һʱ䣬ϴ˶Ҫʹ˷
ӵۼ۷͵ò࣬վ
˷˴ʧɴȷս½佫ֻҪس֣ɼ̣
ɳ붦δǰͷţӴ󳼵ӵۣ϶̸ܺ۶ۣһսˡ
⻰һĴվؽ
£͢뱱սδƽϢٿսˣӺޣ¹֧š
Ļ⵽󳼵Ĺڦ
˼սѵҪ̸
ָʨӴ󿪿ڣҪ̸ۣѵʮǶøǣ
Ҵʮֲɣ
ֵʵԶûбǿ󣬲ȻҲڵܺóһߴء
󳼸Ͻ
£˼Ҫ̸ܲʱ䣬ս½ֿս
ӵȴǺԥط飺
̸ֻ̬档ҪķǶ֪ռֻӭǿ
ϰӣҪΪսپӣսĺķѱ㲻ĳô
սҲֻҪĶʮӰսߣһ̣ôҲûлرܵıҪ
һǹԵôҲ
ֵı籱ǿʮս񱱽һ̶˱㲻սͬʱʱս
ص
һ̲Ҫ򣬻ôʤ˷ֿսضس
*
֪Ϸ£ԭһԼҪȥס
żӵѾԥؾսʱ¶Цݣ
Ҿ֪ǲȥ׵ģ
ߣͼ⣬ⱲӶóѣ
˵ȴЩ⡣
ôˣͼɶϧΪսЩջˮѽݹʷҲûɫɡ
˵ҲΪ³Ϊʱʷľɫˣú롣ǿɱĸŮǻҪգ
֪ΪͻȻɵЦ̾˿
¶սֶĶ΢ʣĻ²ˡҿκҵĴӾͦõģͽ㸸ʸϽɡ
ʱؾͣ
κҵĴӣ˵Ǹòﻹ̵κҲҪ ù֮𣬲ŲҪ˷ˣ

̣Ҫǲϲ˱ǡκҲ˵ʲô
ǡκòÿ
㣬ѡܹ⿴һҪģ
ԼִܵκҽףѾʮ߻Щã㣬ҪʲôʱܶһЩ
鷳Ҳĸڸеӡ
Ϊǰ󹬵Ŀⶼĸϡ
ֺĻּҲЩԵ˼ǿʼ˶֡
Ѿ޷ټȥˣиʵ֧ҲþԼʵס
ԼδĻңĻȻҲҪ
κøΣбϲ£ٺú÷չһ뵱Ҳʲô
ѵøʲԣκҵĴҲû飬ܴᡣ
ӣ˵κĺô
ǲӦ
֪ҪΪʲôҵͷӸúÿֻҪôټӵܣҲ߼汸ģ
߻Ӽ̲ʱ
㣬Ϊ㻹кܶʱսб䣬ʱȥףʱ򣬿ɱҺĸȲ㣡
ĬԵĵܵ˼ɫҲЩ顣
ϾδĻʵۣδǵù˼뷨ġ
ʵܣûʵܣ
߻ӵٸʱҪҲǵģѡ˵κòãǽ£ܲܲǲǣ
߻˦֣
㡣
Դûִ磬Ƶüˣֵǰж༱һҪκҽס
ֻķǵشӦˣʱָٶԴ¹ڻ
*
ʱĴֿ֪͢սֱӾ˹ȥһƬҡ
׵ĴڲǰĨᣬҲǳüչ絶ʡ
սȫ룬Ǳȥ׵Ůô졣
ȥǰߣȻŮղڹѾӵˣüӵȥѺ˾
ɼӵ۸Ӧ˵£ŵս£ֹ뾩
ӵ۵̬ѾһŮΪʣ߾ܹ˼
Ǻʱûκΰ취ԼŮ
*
ֵսϭģھ˲СĲʵߵӰҲС
ϷެƽֻһǧһٶټϼӺó׹ϵȳ͢һյϢ
£ֺռ˳ǣҳսϭģ󽫾Ƿб߳ǣҪ࣬Ƥë޷ٴֹ򡣡
㱨ϢģǸвʵľǡ
ԭ䭵ĿӪиģµľӹģԽԽͳ˾Ӫָʹ
ί̶Ӳ裬ʱҲ֯ʿȥ
̶αװԸ鼳鱨ӪֵһЩǵǸ𱱽ı߾սߵѾæˣ
Ϊˣ䭱ѼҲһ
ˣΪԭɹ˹ɹƤëɡ
˵ʱǮι֣Ǯջޣܴӱ˴ʱ򣬻϶ǶܶˣſʼԼеʡ
̵Ȼƨ
ҺÿӢ˺ԭɹ˹ǣ˹ûҲ⣡
ûԸ
סˣг㡣
һ£
ԼҲҪǮ𣿡
䭸϶Ĵ𸴣
ȻҪһǮҲ١
һǮֻŸмֵȻһңϸ涼Ѿ͢㣬ҲһСˡ
ȻҲֱӴӪһʧȥܴһ룬ǹĻԡ
м۸ǮȴһǮԸǷ๤ʣܴٽҵķ١
ңһֱòǮķʽµġҵǾ㣬Ըӯʶ
֮䣬ԤţȥʹõʱܻһЩҲһ̶ϱ˷ѡ
Ȼԣȴʵʵհˡ
սϢܿǹڲ˲С𶯣Щ˶䭡
ֵ¿ǷҪֳǷҪǰ׼衣
ϾҪ̣ǳ;ȥ·ĳʳƥϣͲпҪӸص϶ʮ£Ϊ˳ЧʣͱҪǰ׼
䭵
Ҳء벻򣬳͢û׼šң󽫾ܵ棬򲻵ѣҲԸȥһš
µôΣӵ۶Ը֧Ԯ¡οȥҲжʮ򣬱㡣
ؾûôʤλδ֪͢ɣóȻǰȥ֧Ԯ˵ֳܷһֱתǹͷص
ֵ¿Цۺ룬
ô룬ͷˡǰģ֧ԮһΧκȥ֡
ϾҪǷȥ֣ٽǿԳͨġ
ǣԭûʲôפǵǿ֮£ҲҲθǣҲҽֹǵ̶ͨС
Ǳ߿죬פ
ԶԿ˵Ҫ֧Ԯսʵ֧Ԯٵ谭١
ٱϿ
ǰģ᲻ѡս¡
˵ӵΧҲΪھʱӱӲԸóȻ˭֪󽫾᲻ᰵиʹӡ
ȻԼҵ¶ԴҲû£㰲ˡ
䭰˰֣
ж£ֻ޷˼̫ط
ƴɱͻϮֻȥѡ
ѡϱߣҲԶĳ־Ͳѷ֣ǻͼܿΧ
˵ηʵսȴҲͬʱ˵ǱȻ߶ȷǰһͻϮǺץᡣ
ֻסԼµõ䣬ټԭеĵ̣ż֧Ԯ¶սߣѾˣʱ޷ֱ
գҲС
*
ֵ¿ߺ󲻾ãǳܳˡ
ԭ䭵ӣΪдĿɿȥǷĹ¡
˲ССչļҴǳﵣܳ
ʱɫ̫ã˵д˽
£뱱ֿҪս˪۵ǣ˵Ҫȡϲɹ
ϱ·ˣʧȥߣǵǾȫû·ˣǽﻹչôˣĹˣ⡭ô찡
ֿսǵ۱ȻܻԴ
Ǳ߲ǵǣߺϱߵĴҲҪǵĲӣֺ͸Զ˹ٱ·ǻ˭
ĵⲻˣ˵ܲϼۣǾ㽵ͼ۸Ҳôǰ


103 
ֿսͻȻ ҵӰ죬ǰûпǵġ
ϾȥֻĶصĸȫ̷֣ Ԥ׶ξѾ۳еĲ˶Ǽ£ ûԭҲǶͣġԼʹӵǵóҲûҵκӰ졣
ȴǣнӽʮĶأ պѡֲˡٵѹȫ֮
ΪЩǴһ· ǵҵչܾܿʹزۡ
ǳҪౣ浽죬 ǣ ܻܿḯѿ
ҪǼǣ ô๤ҪǮʯҵȺķҲ͡
յص
룬 ʣ
ܱã
ⷽﵹǽй̽ ش
һҲֻܷŵȥ̫ȣ˪ǻữӰƷࡣǵȻữ ûôˣȴᣬ ǲӰʳã ɻǼ۸񱾾͵
䭼ǵúȻʳðɰһעֻһıڣ ǿȴ߰Ÿһο档֤ ֻҪļĸ£ ܷ⣬ܷźܾõġ
ǳͣԭƻǡ˹Ǯϵĺķѣ֧Ӧǡ
һͰ飬ķģļ£ȻͰΧϱ飬Ƿܱ֤ǲڻ
ܣ궬죬㲦һЩȥЩѣԺļƷǱ档
⣬ǵʱ򣬿һЩı䣬ֱӰƳɸĵıǣĥɸϸС˪ǡ
ǿҲױ档
ⶼֻα겻αİ취
ҪģǵΪǴ·
䭿ǽϵͼ·
ߺͱߣĿǰƶˡ
߻϶Ǳ߳ǣͨԨǱ취ﵹͨվ̫٣ƶ񤣬ǳޡ
ջǵ䵽ϱߡ
ǧ˿ڣ˹гͨһϰõɳԼ߲˹صȵصгҲϲһ
ӵΪ¶Ҫǵ·ʧȥг
ԼˣǾֻ
Ӱ첻Ҳ֮֮Ѿϵǵľ֧ҵҪİ취ˡ
ʵķչƲǱ㲻ҪõֻҪһӱܽ
ƾΣҪٵȴһʱ䡣
*
žģɱǳĺߣ䭲̾˿
ںߣ촬һбӭж⡣
ܳܽкóף˵Զ󣬽߲ףһôϴľŽĶӰʮһٽᵽһʮҡ
ЩĿǰҲֻ롣
ʱеʵ̫ȵõʯǣҩֻ½ѡ
ʵ˵򲻿г׵ĵõгֻбߵɳˡ
ϾҪȥߵĲ˹أԽĴפٴֵĹš
ʵҾıڶսϣҪ򱱷չԵҪСܶࡣ
ȻҲֻԡ
Ҫ򱱷չԽΣصɽأٱֵıˣһ̣ͬɺܶ
ȥǽֲ󣬲Ż۸
ԺһͷǲӦɹٸأмƻСֲ
Ͼⶫʵ̫߲ˣҪֲôĶأṩܶԭˡ
ȵȡ߲
˲ĸ߲
һ֣Ķǧעһʩʽˮٷٷ֮ʮҲ⡣
ֱӱֲĲ߳ʮ
ΪƷֵ̫ǻӭ˲ϲԣһֱǺ¡
æĹľ£ϸݣ
ԭ˵Ϊȥʣµ˿ܾϲϣܵӺ򣬼ǳ˿˵ԭϡ
ԼǾ̫ķͬ⣬ϻ˵ȥĲ˿£׵Ķ컹˱졣
¶ϲĹâ
ǰֻ֪˿߲ˣӦÿιȴû뵽˴á
ԭ˵ģȻ˿þ죬ǲҲζܴ߷أ
ϾţʳһԵġ
Ҫ˿Ҳιʳǹ㷺ֲˣ㲻ǣܴٽǵȵصֳҵչ
ǵȵأȻѾûô뼢ģȴɲס
һޣԡһ棬гϵ๩ӦҲࡣ
ʳͣǵĸֶģҪҪ˰˳ҲȻǲǺũҼһ
˵ÿܳԺܶļ󣬾Ķû١
Ϊʳ٣֮ʣҰҰҲᱻıԵİճԹ⣬Ķι
ٱӵʳҿͨбϣȱȴһ
ǽӣǱȻҪġ
ǵʱڡ
ôһ㣬꣬๺ϣҲȥԴʳһӦˡ
ԣչֳҵڱеġ
˵ʳѾˣô죬ͷҰҰιιҰʳѷĶͳΪ
˵ĸֲֻ߲Ķأÿÿһֻȫ⡣
ˣȥǳһٽﰾǺ˿˵еֳ
ԸЩҲʮױеֳ
һֳҪþкţ¥йȵصˮĵط
ΪˮǺֳܶ࣬Ҳֻ࣬ٶͷȴҲǱҪʳӦԴ֮һˡ
ڱصһ֣ĸ̡
֪٣֣ǰҲ֪ڸʲôѶû룬żæŵϵԼҵֳ
Ρμ
Źߵףзǳš
ȫ벻ĴССֳʲô
ҲûʲôΥҼ͵°ԣˮȷʵǸź;˵ТŵġѲɿҪ׷¡
˵лܻߵˡҪ׷£ô졭
ɡ
䭼Ųѣ㾡ܷŻ
Ҫ졣
֣ʱ˿
ֻܷԸǡ
䭱
ӽⲦʮͷʮͷÿιʳһ˿Ҽ¼أʳȱ仯⣬貦ʮͷʮͷȫιʳ˿ͬ¼仯ɱʱжԱȣֳжԱȡ
𣿡
֣æͷ
ܣܣСһһ˿ɿ£
ױݸһСӣ
Ǯ
֣æƴǣ
ҪǮʮͷТҲС˵ң
ȴº͵
š涨ʿԱԲɰðһһߣȻҲҪ򣬲ܻ˹ء
֣ŲƴǣȴΪж
У˵ı֮ҲΪȴҪռˡϷүҲˡ
ҲΪĿЩˣǵȵ⣬ǰδеذġ
ͳߣǵı¡
ȴʲôȥȥŪ˼ʮֻι顣
ֲ˵ʱ䣬߸µʱԹ۲졣
ɱʶû⣬ȵ˴ɴģ򡣶̳ɳҲްطҲƹֲ
æЩ£ջص䭱ӵĽǱ˴ļ
ĽԮٲʮǰȥӦѾȫҲҪˡ
ɫ΢ݣ
ʲôˣ
ŵʿ
ЩūֵģǻʱΪŴӶݵľūһ·˺ܶǰ׷档˵ȱˣ߲ܣԽԽ࣬гԽԽҲԽԽ࣬ʣһأȴʵ֧Ųסˡ


104 
ȴ˵Ľǰ֧Ԯ˶£ ְɳǺ󣬷ض³ǵʱԨΪǼū
ȻǴ 򱱴󽫾Ӧ취³ĿǰĴʵڲ̫㣬͢ľ費ܼʱ͵ Ǻܿѱ
ΧĳҲⱱ̤ûٵʳ
ԽԼµʳ ˵Ǽ ŵﶼصĸңԽҪĲʳзݣ вȱůʡ
ۼԽԽ䣬 ʵǲ֪ΰá
Ľ˵º 
󽫾ҵǿ԰Щ˴ȥáкܶ÷ݣ ǾԲġ
Լҿµعϡ Ǵգɼֳɵˣô׳꣬ дĵ
ҪŻȥʾһһƾ׵ܶ죬 ߰ǧľū ҲǲСҪô Ǹϣ ·š
Կأ ϹԼš
Ԩһûôԥͬˡ
ǵȵأԽԽЩȥǣǱڶսϦá
ȻҪ磬ȻҲҪЩͬ⡣
Щץūİǣѻ˱ִɱ֮£мҲܻء
ټһİգ˵Ҫ;ǧȥǣЩûס
ȴЩʶ֮ʵ
˵ǣǴսķأ
ĽԣҲɣ
ҵ£
Ƕʱ˵һۿˡ
ǹ⸴ԭ˵ֱӾͼ౱ִأ
ѹЩԮ׺һͰЩŵƨˡ
ȥ£ǱڶҪȫأ
⸴ԭĹȫعΪ֣˴㹻İȫС
һ˵ȥǲгкȣŮ٣ܷĶأ˱Ķˡ
ͨıܰȵػȥõȥ˭ܾܾء
Աſ̹ǳޣԨֱѩ޵ģ϶ʾԸĽĴȥǡ
ԨĽʱûôսƷҲȫǣʹԼҲ̫ԣҲҧʮʳǴš
ԭʳҲʱģ΢ʡһЩ㹻˳Եԭġ
ĽʱҲ˿ӱޣ´Ż䭡
ȻȻӦʣ׼ӭµ
û뵽Ľ·ϣݵľӻżʵ̫ˡ
ΪŶϣشƽԭʧŵİտʼɢӡ
ϱǲԶսֱʱŰҲһǴɽʣµΨһһ·ֻպñس̵Ľײϡ
Щ·ϣѾĻʧȥʳֻܶŶӻ߿·ߵĿݲݱĽһˣоӱԵģȻǰġ
ңĽҲܲܣֻ¡ԽԽ࣬˼·ֱһ
㵼ʳزԣۼƲĽϽ˻š
뿪ʱаˣ
ʵ
ǣ
ôˣƥһĵݱȻˣټϺܶУг̻ᱻʱԽãҪʳԽࡣ
䭵ϣ̴ݣ˳еһϣʮʳѸԭȥӦˡ
ӦĶ뿪ڽӵϢĽǻˡ
¥һ£ƺƵȺŶ׼ǡ
˳ţĽϽǰȴԾʮԶĵطͣ
μĩ񹲴ʮգҸݼ·;һӦ
˵ţ£䭵ױá
ǵȵصĹǣǰϣ˭¶ÿ¡ɲΪԼԵʣÿȾ߲ķա
䭺سͷ
Ľһ·ˣѾź˽ӦϽȥϢ´󹦣ˣͣ
ĸʩ߶Ѿǳ죬ǲ̫Ҫ˲ġ
*
һ·ϣѵ֪ǽҪǰء
Ǻˣ΢Щʶ˶֪ǿΨһܴñŷɥĴս
ûбظȫĵطˡ
ΪܱټϻģݵʿѾ·϶ЩѰµĴͷǽ壬ǽǺ󶼷ʵ
ǺĴȴԶǵ
ǾȻⱻϵһյϣǷ¶ޣķӿס޺õéޣϴȣڴסĵطҪɾ롣
Ѿ붬ˣûʲôһڷӸϲˡ
ǰٺãȥ࣬ͷҪ̵
˲ˣȻϳǣŵһƬչˣĴҽͯǱ߳롣
ʱ滹˶δİšǰĸڣǻһֱסⰲÿ춼ࡣ
ȸǱᱻȥ˹·޴䣬Լܼ顣Уÿ˶Ҫɻÿ˶зԡ
˴죬Ǳס޺õĴ䣬ֵؿʼ֡
ֻҪӰţǰٸȷʳᱻ
ߣ·ϱܾģڰ˵ء
ȻǲɿµľӺ͹ٸôɿ˾ԼԺһܳڴ˵¸
*
Ľ£Ѿεܹʮһˣ׳ռһ룬õһΡ
¹ҲȥϱһЩĵطȥˣʳⶨ˿ƻݶʮ˿ڡ
һΧڣһʮ˿ڣһ£ճˡ
ǳǣûаıǮļ±ʮᰲҷѣԼÿ¹̶ľҲǺбĺʱ
˿ʮ׳Ҳ࣬֡
ٶӣƱ䶯ҪһЩ
Ľʲǰ£ʿ´󹦣ҲҪһЩְλȥ͡
ǿӦͤӪָʹ̻˿ʼ±ļ׼һε㿪һε±ļ
Щױ
ԭ޷֯ӹ˵һε޲ްԼޱ뿤Ŀ
һԭ޷֯ӹѾȽѵʼͶˡ
ý
Բ޼ӹƷܲڴء
ܿ죬ױǱѶ̧˽
ޱͺѾûʲôѩ׵ɫһȥ㴥¡
չ޻̵þȽʵߴԵضһ棬޻©
ްӣҲǳȣʵʵţͷ޻һСһСع̶޵ķա
ͷõģһɫ޲ǳ
֮⣬ƥɫ޲Ҳ֧ܵƷ
ÿһúܺãȫûԤе״ٳ
Ȼķ֯ʷѾǳƾãǶǷ֯첹֣Ǳ֯޲޻ĽϸµѵҲʲô״ˡ
Щ궬죬µʿǱ㲻֮ܺˡ
úܺãЩƷй˶ǮģǳԺĲƷҪŬˮ׼
޷֯˾ϲӣһʹ͸߸˵ػԭȥˣ䭵ĻʹͶ޷֯ĳʤ
ʤԭǿӪһͷڶν˷ʱȣԭΪԼⱲӶˣȴû뵽ûҵõĻ
ȻǲṼ֪֮һαî˾ѵˣϸѿӰӵѸٵ˵һƷ
õĿ϶ʹͣһмȣ·Ҫˡ
ʹ͵ȥдһһ˸ˣ
ǰǶͷǳȻǺĵġ
ʹͣȻҪڷõ˸ӹ٣Ҳ˸ܼ
ǣ³һԭڴĬĬţÿɷżҴͨСˣĽĿ빧УӵԿʹ͵Ǯ
ųǮӣӭĽĿ⣬˺ܾá
֯ĶʮѾõ
ÿһٶܳԵñģһ˯ҲûŹȫ緹ûκ˴۸
ÿҪģſʼÿΣѧϰߴ֪ʶͷҪ󣬺ÿ·ڼҵʱ˲֪ٱ
ûһ㸾˵ķ£ȻҲԵõ͡
ԿĽͣ
ģ
˶ʮ꣬ͷһôǮ
ͭǮڹ̨ϣȥͭǮصĴڴʵС
ľګϣỨȴ¶Цݡ
ðҪһڷ֯ͺˡ


105 
Ѿ붬 ɽҲʼƮСѩ
»ھƽĻҩ
ˡ
ʽ»ܣ ר˸ţо˾ »Ϊ˾ľ˱ºְ͵ĹԱһ
»ɫһϽӣܳȥӭӣ һ۱㿴ŰĿԷȭ Ҳ
ԭˣЩʵЩƲģڿ˵Ŀأ ҲԲ
Ͼ ˥֮ʱ ôЩ鳼˵ӢĿȻ˳һˣ ܽвǡ
һΣ һλֵڱ»ײ˸ţĵذ˰ӡ
ǣ»֮ սϵʿҪ
սϵĴɱλܹһֶ죬սϱѹƣ ױ˷ȥ ȫ»Ϊ
û»ɽΪž Լһϵбߣ ûʿǵĺպս
Ժ »λʵؾ
֪̬ȵı仯֪ڱΪ£»ҲһԼ
󷽵صȻԷ⡣
ͷױͷ
ǰգԭ޷֯֯ƷƷ˵ɽӦѩˣСǸۣޱ޲ע壬š޲˵ˣճѬǵĺ׳Ȳ´
»ȻɽϣɽµһЩȴŵģ֪꿤ƹһֽ޻˵£Ʒˡ
һϸµĶ»ϲԾʹЦݡ
Ʒû٣ô͸ôɲС
ױЦ
ȷʵû٣ӣޱƥǷ֮һأõȫġ
ģӸܳӣޱָҲһһһƥ͸ңһƥ߹
»һõģôϡĶûԼһ㣬ȴˡ
һˣεºܽпӡ
ɡȴůģܱӣ˴޺
ȴûдۣҲûޱϧһЩ㽫ȥղˡ
Ϊ˱ܻҩ䷽ճҪŵģΪһǹܣʱƸ¯䣬ҪǰŪջˣɲ
뵽һ廯ǹܣͲɵ̾˿ʱգ¶ʮ־˵ݷǹһˣľ˾첻ϸǹܡ
ЩҲŴٳƷɾ飬ϸǴʮʮξըţֱԿ
ɳ˲ϵصư취ϵ飬ĿǰҲûбİ취
ʹЩױ֪͢б仯Ҳʼ͢ˣǿչͼĺûᣬбԽ
취ӿȡ
ٽЩ˽쳵˵ԵоɹȺȺ
ԺнЩӣȲж
*
ɽµֵܳ¿Ҳϲġ
ʲôôˣ
ֳ̺ʵ
ֵ¿ۺ
ʲôϲ£˵ʹ͵ޱůͣ˯úðˡ
Ĵٹǣһ㶼ʹô˿˿䱻ӣůʵҲů͵ģɶ˵ȴܾЩ˯ҹϾñӽƵġ
ů¯ɣ⼸ʹˣϲôã׿ԡ
޻ıӣȴǺģ̤ʵظϣҲˡ
ֳЦŵ٩
ѽıӿǲһǲůͣϲЦտأ
ֵ¿һۣ
ƶ죡
˵̲סӷ
̣ˣ۹հԶ޻ⶬɽǧڶˣʵһ׮ΰҵ
Ҫ֪Ȼٹ˺Ǯ˼ң౻ºƤëȡůͨգ
һ˿͵ʮģһʮģһ౻˵ټϵ౻ֹѣһ౻ۼᣬܶͨռңһҲǮ౻¡
Уһ۵ҲᳬһڱǺѵġ
Ƥӵļ۸Ӱ
ͨǣ«έޣݵ·ȡůڶＸⶳ˶
˿֮Թ󣬱ڲ٣ÿĹ˰ҲʮԶп֧궼ôɹ
ܲҲÿֻǧٶƽȫǧ˿ڣÿ˼ֻа
޻ȴȫһֻأÿʮĶһĶȴջһǧ˰޻
˿˵ʵǸ߲̫ˣůȴ˿
޻ף۸ͨ˼Ҿٲڱȥ
Ϊһ黳ʿԤ±δܲ
*
õʹ͵ֲҲܸͬˡ
˵Ϊũ˾˾ũû˭æµ˲һ꣬ĴѵӲ죬ԱǴֲ֪ʶгɾ͸еˡ
£ֲͨ裬£ϵ¸Աָӣֲʩʡ
ʱĲõ˴궬죬ٲκΰճԲ
޻Ҳʵ˹оů˷ĲɲҲˡ
ΪһʵɵĹԱûб˾йĳɼˡ
ʷⶼֵŨīزʵһʡһʷ
뵽Щɣũϣ㲻¶Ц
ޱõӵλǰ˾ǰ
㿴ʵԼıµİգ񶬶Ҷ±ԺһĽŲЩֲ֮ڸˣ
*
õʹ͵ЩΨ߹ǲô˵ġ
ⲼģҲ΢£ЦЦһ۱㿴ǿ֮
ôˣʲô˳ĵ𣿡
е
ƽĴߣʵǺڿܹעõ
߹Ͻҡҡͷ
û£ֻǽЩˡ
öö࣬ⲼȻټȴôĿ
²ӣʵɨˣȷʵû沼ϵ¡
Դռݳء
ûǣǸʼյ׵Ĺ
ͼı㣬ýǣ֮ͼģ͵Ǵȥֵ
֪ɶ֪ܲ׹ȥʲôӣĿսֻý㻹
һСѾͷô󸺵ʲôΪңȥЦë޵ķ
߹ȴҡͷ
ûʲôҪȥϢˡ
˵ţ߹ӱƵܿˡ
òײڱվȽţȥ֡ΪԼΪѡ
߹˵ҲǿϾӴˣҲԼܡֻܵԸ˵ʱ
Ǵһ죬½ȥµ༸أӲ쵱صǳǷиʩ豸͹˲淶ĵطԱ㼰ʱ
½ֵ˼죬յԳ͢Ϣֿ͢ս
Ľչʵ֮С
Ͼֿ˵ʵʨӴ󿪿ڣ΢еѪԵĻʵۣܴӦ
±ս½ţӵȴûɽˮĵزȻǲ̸ܺġ
ôҲҰĲԺƽķʽòҪȡ
鼳ǣԸ˱ҪʱעⶫֵĶ
Ƕ֡
뱱ʵһңйѪ𣬿棬ѱ߲ٴκ
ֵ˵ȫԭ½ֵͨؿڣɳǶסҪõһȫĺ·붫ֺȡΧκԵİ취ֱǣغ·ʡµİ취
֣һɢɳɨԭǼ丽ǳصջ󣬶˵Ǽġɢģջ֮£Ҳʱġ
Ը뱱ֺǵľͨԼءֱǣֻ߰
ƹɽһƽ
ڴעսԼսĵͷ䭾ãֺѲŻˮ㡣


106 
ʵȷʵϡ
ʲڶ³Ǵܣ ɳʧصϢͬʱ˱ͥ󣬺ŴľĬã·Ȼʮһ㡣
˻ǵʵ ǶԼ֪ܹͶʮ һۺ󣬼Ľˡ
ֻܹͥһҲֻ ʮ ȫڴء
ϱΧֺĻʯ㽫һ
ǰǱھƵĵλ һۣ Σ֮С
 Ϣŭ尡
еص
Ŵľع
ϧһдۣ һҪ ಿԮսߣȫ¡¾ӣرâ
̫ʵھԲǺӲӲʱ
Щ󳼲⣺
󺹣 ԽԽԶˣʱȫط ɳǰ
Ŵľ˰֣
аšǶ°ɡ
Ψһˡ
 αҪȥҶЩߣ Ǻ һͬʦ£ ֱǣ𣿡
˹ϵź񣡡
ǰİţ֪ҲǴΧκԣֱͨǵķʽΪԭصıسͨ
ʮǰ庹һͬٴ֮£ʹʵǩ̵ͨʹ󺹹ǳ
˴󺹹ٴκδزٴθιԵʷ
ܹƴǣʹôĻʵºɳǵפʲôЩֻ߽ܹԹԷС
ŸԺȻ
ӱضУ
ȻϣսϣԭصʮǺĻʯԲʧ
Ϊ˺棬ڴʱڧ¸붫Щ֮ޣҲһԼ粻֮˵ǣͬ
뿪󣬰ŴľֽԸֺдһױţ˿ӱ͵ͥȥ
ıز㣬òĶԹѡ붫ЩǺ
ֻҲǲģǱһɢɳΪͳһָӣԷ̫á
ô֮£ǿ׳ı߽磬ȶЩ߸ܿס
ʮǰͷǰͷţͨ·;û˭ֵܵջ
һٶǰͳһ󺹹壬ͬһڡ
пʵǿıֺǸһԸ֯һȥٷĴǣ浱ǰʲôԹҲһļϡ
ûãֺ˺ƺƵܴ;أֶȥ
еǧΪǲӣٶо̶ʮ͸ϵ˱ͥ
ֱֺǵǧִӺһǲӣϹǰϣһϵ˶ϡ
ǱߣһɢɳĹҲΪٴǶһܹ˰
ʮƺƴѸײڶ֮ƻʦ£ܿ㵽ɽ֮¡
ɽǴΨһϡ
Ȼ֮ԭɽزΨһǻиܭصġֻʮǰǩĸԼܭؼǰأø˶ֺ
ɽ֮һƽҲûкùذĵطɽس±ʮرءǱҲжʮĳ˵Ǻܰȫġ
ңʵ۽ǶλãҲΪ˿ʱͳһĴֺϣҲǱϱ߹һݡ
ʮԴǰζֵֺǿӣһ壬ټһͳ̳˸ΪΪһɢɳ˭Ҳ㹻вİΣ
ټϴһֱ붫ֺףÿȥƱԸ̣ͨЩٽӴ߹ء
ɽأƽʮˡ
սʶʿսȲͱ
ʿɢˣཫȥǰͷűóĳ򣬺Ͷ⣬ǲʿͻȣûô
ʮųưͻȻʦ£ɽʮؾȫһ
һսȫûֻܸϽ˻سУӼԮ
*
죬ɽصļ͵
ӵ౨ݣʧɫ
ô붫ֹͬ޿ܣ
Ϊ˭֪ʮǰĳ֮˺ڴ£ǰαֺ붫ֺΪ߲ͻǰαֺڶ֮ϡ
붫֣ʹ˾ѣ޺ĿԡҲˣ庹޷ۣԷֻԴǣв
ɱǰαֺһƣǼӵƽ֮
ҲΪˣһ΢Ļӣ丸Уķ£ôλ
İŴľ˵ɱ֮ġ
ңбѵǰƣӦ޿ܺġ
㱨κƽɫأ
֮£һг޶ǿҸõġǺųʮֻǰ档
֪ʮƣӵп
ȥǰɳǵ̱ϣ֧Ԯɽأ
ҪβһС£к׼ڣԭȥ֧Ԯɳǵû߳Զ֧ԮҲǵת¡
ǣ
*
庹ϽɽأͼڣǾǡ
¾ǳ˵֧ԮսߵĽһʮɽҲʮ򣬻йĳǳأɲ֪Ϊʲôӵ۵Ȼʮֲ˯Ҳȡ
սʵ̫ǿ󣬳ǶغͽɱУûκսʤİ취
زסɽأһվսģǾǣ
جξѣȻļӵ亹乡
£ôˣ
Ҳľоѣ۵ǵؿ
Ϊ˲ֻţ庹һָɽص£ڼӵ۵£ûɢҲ֪¡
ӵ۲İŮǰֳһ棬˶񣬶
ûʲô˯
˵ţ뿪Ӵ⹬
̬ʵڷмΪҲҲżӵ۶ʣһշת󣬵ڶȥӵΪκ֮Ӵͻ顣
ڴ£ӵίκƽ͸¶
ΣǼӵ谮ŮκƽȻǲܷԵġ
ڼӵУҲǶ߻İţƣҲǺԥ˴ͻʥּ
԰ˣӵʥּ˶ˣűţִͻ飬ҪȥҼӵջּ⡣Ȼܡ
·ҴҸϻ˸š
һһ
ĸңʰҴͻǸκĴˣһȥиջּ⣡
ȴһ㶼ȵӣֻƽص
ϷԣʥּѾ´ûκ˷Եء¶ҪŸʺĸΪá
ߣüͷ
øּģ
ûڣ
ǡ
ʱ
㶼ûҵͬ⣬ƾʲôţӦң£ã
Ҳܣ㴳Ļͱøջּ⣡
Ȼȴ̬ǿӲ
¶Ҫ֣ѳɶ֣û㷴ڵأ
״ҧ
ƾʲôͶҵĻ£㲻ҾˣԼȥҸʣ
ȴס
ȻֱӺֱײСúöþˣЩŵĹŮסһͷţһĴײ䣬ֱӰڵء
ڴʱһŭĵͳ
ס֣
һǼӵɫվ֪˶á
ŮǺһء
ӵԽˤǰȥֱһƴϡ
۵϶ʱ𼸸ӡҲѪ˿
ӵȴһ㶼û۵˼Ҳѵ⣬ֱ
ˣߵİȥϼӿأû޵ų
ãڻʹߣûסˣ乬졣
ö죬ع̴
ҲȥҲȥĸȾң
Щ̣飺
¡
ӵ޶ԣ
ĸܶ˭Ҳ飡һֱǶ̫ãŵ˿ĸǰҪúһƢü޳ȥ˻ʼҵ
ԭ;סŮȥӴ⹬һȴû뵽·Ͽ־һĻñ鲻ѵļӵ۸ջ¶ҪúðƢ
ˣҲ˵
ǷһӵѺ乬֮С
ڳǰ̵һСṲ̊乬һҲ׼κ˿
Ҳˣ޷֪еķƾޱ䣬ʧȥΪԼĻᡣ


107 
κƽⲽĴҴҵ߽ ⻹мλ˽̫ҽںš
ѾʱѾԿʮ𼱵飬 κƽʱӵӿϲԤУ
κ䣬ʲôˣ
κƽ
£ ȷʵʲôϢһҪŭʲô£ ȲҪ
ӵһ ƽľ
˵
κƽ
֧ԮĽϢɽرˡǸյɽأ˴ɽܳӱ Ѿһ𳯾ǳˡ
ӵֻһѪֱŶ ˶˻Ρ
ʿϱǿ׳ ֻܴսسս ضʧء
˲ǽ컹ʿ η潻ս
ɽؾͽ˵ǳˣʵ졣
ûɽһϣļһƽ޷оٶȣ Ҫ˶ãͻپ֮¡
֪ս壬 ȴȫû뵽 ˲һż죬 ɽؾȻͱˣ
£죬 ̫ҽ Σ
κƽӵɫԸæ
̫ҽһӿ룬Ͻӵ룬òײŽѪƽ
ӵ۹Ź£ûκƽ뿪̫ҽȡȥԸ˽ľơ
ȥȫ׼سǷ⣬սߵĽ̻طǣ
սϣҲʮġ
򶫾ʮսߣսߵĵо˱ȥ֧ԮսˣѹҲ˲٣ܽصġ
ȻκƽȴżС
£ղŵľ黹û˵꣬սϣ򶫾ִʧ򡭡
ڼӵ۶ԣһʱ侹ѽϢ
ִ¸ıִ
κƽ
ǹʲڣڶսֱܺȥ£Ƶ߷򶫾
ӵ۲Ȼŭ
һȺ򰡣򶫾ôûˣ
򶫾˲һȴѾ۵սߣҲζţսߵĽܵߣпҪԮ
Ȼӱߵ³һƣζűֱִӱϡʱ򣬾ǽټʮϱл
Ŭס񣬲Ҫ÷ŭŵԼпſԵı
ȫһٶʮ򣬽ʮȫʮɽʮϾʮ
򱱾ȥĴսУѾĵò࣬ʣ߰򣬱Űر߽򲻵Ѳܶá
ѾֿսҲǵá
Ͼ̫ԶҪԽģʱܶ
ҪصطһֻǧǧˣǱرҪϿطǧˣҪطǽΰ˰յȣҪȫػۣ򲻵Ҳǲܳġ
ȥֻʣ򶫾ʮ˻á
ӵҧҧ
Ǳٵ򶫾֧Ԯսߡؽִƽԭ֮⡣
ҿüʵĳǽأƽԭΪΨһһδƻ뾩Ǻܽ˰֮أԲٱȾָ
⣬ʮ򣬽Աáƽ⣬½ȥš
κƽЩǣ
£ҪʮıҪķһ࣬Щ˹ⰲҷѱҪᣬ֧Ųôľġ
һǮ˰ղǧᣬѾ뱱սһ꣬ĿǰҪӦսߡһʸصĿ֧
ۣ֮ףʳõȸķڵš
ӵüĹָˣɫȴ͸Ųһеļ㣺
Ӿʱ٣Щܷɣذ±
سսٲҪʱǿٰΪñ˶±ãٸԣĹҲ֧Ųס
κƽ̾Ϣ
ǿһȺδѵ±𵽶أԭشﲩ˿ڷï㹻ȡԵо
ȻµķԸһ£ȷʵΨһİ취ǰûиõѡ
һǿԮ
֪ܻǵüӵв죬Ϊ𢰲Σκƽ⻹ǾбҪ˵
£Ǹ漱Ϊ߽ӣӦؾԮ
ϳһԮǣضɵԮһҲǿŤתǵս֡
˵ӦԮǣǸӵһ̨ףΪӣʵĺϣӵڴʱƫ޸֮飬ԸԮǡ
ӵһ
γ֪䭿ȫԼսƵת𵽶á
ӣҰġڳ̫͢ƽʱҲ֮١ͷϣԼҲֹʡ
򾫱ټɲףסοǽ
׵ضܴôྫ뾩ǣ͢⻼Ӱյ󳼶Ժ㲻ֱӷıλҲƱƹԼĸλ
䭻ʲô
ԣ򲻵ѣҲּ䭽
棬ο͢ұ֤Ǵ壬侮ʯڶ׼Լˣ
ȷʵҪðյġκƽȻǲұ֤ҲȰ
֪Ǳеۣ˴ѾǼޣֻܸϽ£ǰȥﱸļ±
ӵȴɫʲôһ㣬ϵȫɨڵء
ʵ̫ɺˣȻĸҲΪֻܿ䭲ܱסǣ
һΣҪ֤ǿû䭣Ҳһܱסǡ
ĸʣܸۣ׺֮ݣ
뵽ӵ۵ɫԽᶨ̫ʦ̷гţܷκ˳ǡ
ףΪָʹȫؾǡ
֮УԨҲ׵սǹϵش󣬱ѡһ㹻Ľ졣
˼ɵҲá
ȻҲһ֣ʮָȨǷ˶Լĵĳ¼̫ʦ
̫ʦԬףһ壬ʵĵ۵
*
׽ӵʥּʧɫôҲû뵽ԭ뾩ǻкԶս𣬾ȻͻȻ֮Ϳյſˡ
֪ʵѾնгţ׵ɫء
ɽȻʧأоٶȣ಻ʮգٳ¡
ǰӵ۷ϢвǴٹ˻ƽգûʱ䴦ԼھеĲҵŹرգǶϾ˳֮·
˵뾩ǵĴһǱԷƴȫ
ò˵ӵ۵һзǳݣͬʱҲǳЧ
֪ޣԼӵ۶Լķ֮ģҲòΪ˼ҵ߾ȫȥһǱս
֪ʱһҲҵ̽ʾӵԼȡķشʩ
ҪģҰ
Ǳʳ˿ڣȫٶȰǰյķݻǷһһѻյ¿ԾͽӪ޵ķݡ
Ҫ϶ˣûзݣͺ¶ҲǴС鷳ҪԶҲһЩǵı
ӵȻᷴЩ顣
һʱ䣬ǱһƬ𺣡
ʧĳǱǣˮӿ˾֮С
ǵİǣҲһҹŷ֣гŶˡ˳еİʾ֪һжΪͻϮǡ
͢ٴңǮĳǮĳһԼļ԰ҵ
ƥ𣡡
Ϊǰգ뾩ǹ
Ǽ˻۵ļҵıһѻյģ㲻ҪҶӣܱסǣסУ
ʮǽɣʮɣֻҪ־ɳǣȻսʤӣ
ͬڣЭ´Ӯӣ
̫ʦϳɾĺһףɿĿںŲɽڴСţǽס˾ŵİա
ܲٴٹҧгݣбԹӵ۰̫һ·ȴҲһ취ûУֻǮǮ˳ˡ
еİǣ˶Լӵ۶Щ֮飬ľ˼ٹҲһ˳һλֵô׷ĺûʵۡ
Ѫ꣬ԸӦʵۺ٣һ𿹻
κƽҲô˻Ὺʼ
ڶ֮£һǰδиЧĵٶȿʼ˷ս׼
㱨е飬ӵ龹Ǻת˲١
һΣøΪǣŵ£˾ǵġ
Ӯһ̣ٺ㲻ֻǾǵİգȫµİն羴
ˣй⸴ԭ˱ҫ۹˰ͳӣв֮ģ
ȫǽܹĵıսУܿȥ
ɽؾǰ֧ԮĽһ˳УŲ죬ƺƵѾٳ¡
˫սһܿھǱչ˼ҵĽ档
ǽսʱҲԾɴơ
̶죬Ǻӱʧˡ
ľūðŽǹּӲ޳˶ɺӵľţһһεҳɹ˻Ǻӡ
òصڡ
ʱڳνս˲٣ϵʵµգûɥʧġ
Ϊ˶֪ʮǰ׺֮ܣȡ֮ǰĽѵǵĳǽʮȫؽӹ̡
ⶫϱܳʮĳǽȫӹ̵˳ʮɵĺȣģ
ĳǽڣʹһ³ǣҲܼһء
οǲǹԮĹ³ǣƽԭԴԴϵΪṩʺ;衣
ʹǸһǱɱ˵ľͶʯǧʯӵǽϣʿ򣬾ǵľǣҲᶨƵΪʱڣǵĳǳؾܱơ
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ǵĵʮ췢˿ֻŵı仯
һ죬ױѲӳǽߵ뱱߳¥Զĵطȴסƥ΢΢üǳǽ
ָʹˣôˣ
ױеʵ
һͷԵ⣺
˴ĳǽǰǾԴֱڵ棿
ȻˡױȻص
þЩѵĳǽЦŰο
˲صģǶЩʯģһ¾ͺˡǵĳǽʮɣǾܱʯҿģ
ױЦݣĵжʮɺûôġôĳǽô޵ʮɺҲƭƭЩ²հǵġ
͸ֻʮȴųʮһĵ
Ŭѹסеľɣ¶ɵɫһ䡰ȻˣȻµز뿪
ȴɢ˸򣬴ĸļǰԳǽ˲
ûпһγǽЩб
ȷ˼飬ɫѿˡ
Ҳڱعǳؼӹ̹ǽΪųͷأΪԱһĽ죬⽨ǽŵ
߽ĳǽҪʯһ㶼ҪڵػʵשŴȺúġùǳײþʯңǽֻ濪ѣһʧ
ΣǽǾԲбģ
ǵػõש⡣
ػǵͳһڵģڵһȲһΨһĿԾש
ߣǽ俪һ߼Ķһʼͷשʵĵģɵ˵㣬俪ש˺ü顣
ˣЩשǿĵģ
׵ɫѿϽ˱ܣ俪ĳǽڶһ磬˼ӵۡ
£ǽϳЩ״ҡ
ɫأӵֻ˳
˵Ļӵۼǰһڡ
ؼǵãؽͼӹ̾ǵĳǽǻſʼġ
Ϊλʱָǻ˺ü꣬Ǯ޳ǽ
ʱǵĳǽǳа˾޽ģһ⣬Ӱ췶Χпܾʮ
˳һγǽûʱ䲹ȣ
һ˲䣬Ǻ޲ðǳаγǽļ嶼ǧС
ɼʹǧǣҲսûκΰп©֪
һӵ۲Ŭƽľף
֮Ƕγǽֶܼþͻб
׵˼ΪԽǶȱȽУſ˶ߣһƾֱۣ̫ܷ
׵
಻ա
ӵֻһ˲񱻳ȥֽŵ
ǳǽбһܱۿͱȻᱻΧǵ
ʱ򣬾ٴĽ죬ҲŹԵ
ֻҪ˵Ͷʯ빥ǳγǽϹҪرصĳţֱƳǶ롣
뾩Ǳƣֻʮˡ
뵽Ľӵ۶ʱȹϵϡ
Ǿƣ
ֻһ
ܣƴ֮ܵĻʵۣ궼ûбƾǣλʱ顣
ңⲻ¹ϵڰٹеš
οЩܣҲܲʵ档
ʧأƽԭϣڽƽԭҲø
ʱѵҪߵİڽɽԽӶϣ
˼ȥΨһܼʧİ취ȻֳֻǽĶ֮ǰͣս̸
̸
뵽֣ӵ۵ɫһһֻǰδеĳѹ̧ͷ
飬벻κθõĽ취ֻټ̫ʦκƽλĸǰ¡
˵ϢҲɫҰףȻ˲СĴ
λ䣬߽֮Σ
κƽĬ˺һ
Ϊ֮ƣֻͣս
̫ʦȴ
Ҫͣսֻܱ¶̸֮⡣ɵҷδɽˮ֮ȴͻȻͣսνŷβ񼣿
ӵ۵Ķʱ˹ȵס
ǰֻź̸ô裬ȴһ£̸Ҳô׵ġ
޷⣬ȻΪʲôΣûʨӴ󿪿ڡ
̸£ץʱ򣬳ǽᱩ¶
ʱ򣬾̸Ҳδͬ⡣
ܸ빥ƾǲµĺô
ĺôɥȨθ
ԡⲻǺ̸γ裬ĿǰĴ̸Ѵɣ


108 
һƬĬ֮У ԥõκƽ⿪ڵ
£һƣֻǲ֪
̫ʦߴٵ
ʱˣ ʲôģκ࣬ а취͸Ͻ˵
ʱֻıΪʦԬ̫ʦ˽̬ȻǱȽġ
ӵҲͷ׿ϣ
κ˼ɣֱ˵ǡ
κƽŵ
̸ܺ ԾǶԣ ʧСҲЧİ취Ԯ
ӵֻñһǶ⡣
γ֪ЩǶɵӣþ֮ ҪԼ߽ĶӽΧ δ棡
ӵ۵üͷøˣ ǿ
κ䣬ǰ˵ǣ
̫ʦҲضκƽ
ҲТ ֮٣ ʱ뾩룡£һҪ˼
κƽ֪ ̫ʦ۰ԭؽԬɱ ̫ʦһֱǺ޲ó֮졣
뾩 û٣ ֻ졣Ϊ۵ǣ ΪֱӴ
ˣ ǳ˽棬̫ʦͬ顣
ų̫ʦһҾأص
뾩أǿǲ̰壬ֻҪñȵࡣѵҪѾƽԭ𣿡
̫ʦѵǰһи˵ĶԹϲãȷ°ɣ
ͷ׷ĳ̫ʦϵǵͨ죬ȻвģȴҲǷ޷޵
ϳһӱ¾ϣ
ӵ֪κƽһγ˵Լġ
䭻ؾԮпܶʧڽɽȣ˵ĺöȷʵӦʱò
ֻǣеĸо̶ȣǱɥȨҲòȥ
뵽ӽӵԮּĲսȭͷݺݵϴһйķŭ
ҧгݵضκƽ
ãͬԮǣԸ޿ǰͲþǱƣˮû׳Լ
κƽĵôӻˡ
Ļڼӵǰ˵
ңҲܶĶԷġ
Ԯó㹻ĺô
֮ʲôĺôŻ׿ϣ
κƽ̧ͷЩԽӵ۶ӣ³֣
̫֮λ
ӵۺͳ̫ʦɫһ䡣
κƽ⣡㡭
ӵ۲ȻŭغǳκƽĿѾ˼ӡ
Щӵģڴ£ҪĴ֮
κƽŴΪ̺ôĲǱ۷Ѿ
κƽ֪ڴʵ۵ۣɼȻѾ¶ĿڣǿûлͷˡΣﵽĿġ
Ϊ˾ǵİҵΪ˰գҲΪԼļ棬ԼЧҵľ˸¡
£˽ģɴ߲Сڣһ֮Ȼһп֮̫֮λǱƽ⻼Ĺ߶ѡ
˵ǣüӵ۵΢Щ
˼ǣ̫֮λֻȨ֮ƣӵʡ
ȻѡľģǾΪı˵Ҳ˳С
ǡκƽѹе⣬ĵ
κһӶѾܾ̫֮λֻҪ̫֮λȻǰԮ
ǵȵصҲţ֪ܼλضһλʥĺþ
ɴĽɽΣǰѾȲλˡΪ˱ȫɽȻֻ
ǰԮҵȴУݾǣ޷ٳǡʱ򣬲ܽµͷ󻼣ܻס
ӵ꣬һ˼ʱǰһ
˵һֱܼɵ䭴ǣʵϣ˱ʱҲδظǡ
ΣѣԮȴǡÿɾ衣
ܹҪ߽ȻȫҲ
ֻҪˣֽ⻼ʮʮ±ѵ䭣
䭲ֻ£Ϊ˴ʤ̣ҲȻҲҪ׵ġ
ֻҪ˺׵˾ǣͲòһЩõס
ô˺͸ȼĽ٣˲ȱڡ
֮𣬱ܸĶ̫ˡ
һֱ޷֪׵ƷԭΪòסף˿죬˵ƽ׵ܡ
κƣӵ˷ܵǰκƽļ͵صȻ޵Ź֮һΪ޷ǣ
ˣ˵ȥ
̫ʦԴҲˡ
Ͼһ׮ƻ˵ʵûôΣܻ޵ĺô
ǣһϸگӼٶȣ˱߹ǡ
ҲٹٹսߵĲ飬ԴΪɣκƽΪ׵ĵ۵ڳͣս͵飬ѸΪ̸̵档
ʱǣովٰһʢᡣ
˴ν͵ģҪĽµԭؾԼǵлеȡǰڳн߲۲죬Ƿǣʱõݼ죬ʱû뿪ǡ
Щ񣬴ʱҲûŹҲһ֡
Щһ·漸ǧһǣֻҪ£ʿǵ̬ȶǳãвٰպʿǶˡ
ʱʿǽɢݼ٣һѷΧȥ׷ȥԼʶʿ˵
Ǵشƽԭ˵ʽźһ֣ÿһλˣ˷ܵػֱۣк
ٶӳ
ԪתͷȥҲϳǸͬͣȴһӻĵ꣬ԽȺ˹
ϲ㰡ٶӳַƣ
ʵعصԪϴµľƤףȴԾ¶Ľ
ͬͣԷɱΪ˴ڳǽ϶Ͷʯľ׼޹ūԽγ˻еӪָʹͳĻеĿǰеӪֻܹˣ
ʮӪָʹûбƽУǾǴǨٶˡ
οڿ˺ţԺضǰ;
˵ָʹٸԺָʹˣ
СŮԪĿ˳ݡ
ֻŮСͨ죬ͷűˮԪͷɵ֮ġ
Ȼͼ˵ĸ鲻ȴСܿࡣ
СŮͷӻóһСıǣЦŵ
зǣҲʳȥӻвĸ塣
ǳԣ
СŮ˵ؽӹֽһͷĶȴʶ
Ө͸ģһСһСŵģȫǵӡ
ȴЩʶǰӻѧͽʱ֪˪ĥǰ̬ʱܲ˼
ôУ̫ˣǲգ
Ԫ
ÿѮģҪǮŰɡгԵúãòϣûȥ˲塣
ʱһ˼Եôõǣ˵ǣҲǲƷһĴڡ
ĸ壬ЩԾܾ
ǾпãȻôصǡ
⻰ԪЦˣһɣ
Ȼʿѵ࣬˵Ļã񶬿ʼͨʿÿ;ϢʱܺһˮЩ٣ܶ쵽ǡ
ߣ췢ǮмڣȥԷȪ¥Ĺóˣ
˹٣Ԫѵ⣬ԡ
ԭΪ׵ĿʮֳĬġǺŴͣõͬǵͣõϷʶӣԸǻ
Գ⣬ֻСŮʱ
˵ЦԶȥȴΧֵ۷׷ס
ϵøղүõʲôܹصӣ
Ա˽
ǿɲǹأ˪˵ɣһǶĥɷ۾˪ǣ
ΧʱһƬ
ģһ˪ǣÿѮ
˼Ҳ˵𣬾ٲŷǣֻͨˮȡ
үˮǰǴĵүҲûôݰ
ɲǣ˵ǶٶٳԴͷԸɷأ
Ҳúð˵һüްӣҲǺüףǽһů˵ԭЩƷϹֻдٹ˲Ŵأ
Ļ˶ԿʿǵĴ̾ѣĽˡ
ǵȥˣ
˭˵أѹЩһô׳ʵҲģӼֱɰ
һ̴˶ǮҲߣ㼸ԭһף޸Ȣϱˣ˵ģҿЩһúأ
ǼеŮҲȰųĹٸܳԹסܴǮµظɻأΪ⣬ıر˵ϱ
ҪܳΪıöá
СϢ˵ͷҪбģҪ󣬲ʲô˶ȥġ
ҿɵԣ
԰ԣһѡ˿ɾʹӴ˷ˣ
жǸڽϽҵҿ¾Ǿõȥ
ʽľٰ죬һͽļ죬ڳж洦ɼǣ޲ڴſٴб
˵ǣԭһЩصİǣҲĶѡԭǲģ壬ǳ˳ˣͶȥԡ
һʽ˾ģбĶԱҲ˳ˡ
ܳѾ׼ебʺֻ֣·ʾ
ǵּʱʹġ


109 
 ּʱŵȺ򡣡
Ѿĩβټǿܽ飬 Žع
һĩݵ⣨˷װӹҪϹװط԰Ϣ һǸķš
ŵĸ۵֣⻰ʱһ
з׷ײ²žεּ⡣
˽ӵģ ÿԼҿˡô˽ģ 㵥Ϊĩʹ͡
ϾºͣˣôҲøЩʹͰɡ
ȱˣ ͵õֱ춯Ϣ ʥּ֮СΨһЩǣ ʱ̫Щ
ԤƣôҲֺܼüµġ
ǽɡ
䭵ȻԸ Ǽ
ȫûԡ㻻¡ص·˼
ûã ּĽѾӳ˹ðŷѩ·ܶ죬ɫ㲣϶˵ݷǳǱ
 Щ˵̬Ҳ乧¹ 䭽 ŵ
 ּ
䭰Ǵһڣ ȴȫûй½ּ˼
ּĽҲҼƽϣ ֱӰʥּľᣬ˫ŵݸ䭡
չʥּѸٵؿͷݣ΢΢ü
ǷЩܽıʣλʣ̫֮λʾԮ
ȻʥּдǣΪ͢ȴȳ͢Σѣŷ̫ӡ
λ¿ǣ˶û˵̬ʱˣҪϷ
ּĽͷŵӴ䭵ɫƺЩΪȻкǵǡ
Ȼּ֪ʲôȴǴ˴Ԯġ
ͬǵسսʵڴòңûƳǣҲľս
£
ͨһڵأ׿ͷſʵ£ǣȾǵļˣȾȾǵգ
ΪǵļҲȫھǾס
²Ͽôѣһƣǵļ˱㽫֮¡
䭼ˣҲЩۺʱ̣µĶֻеײʿٺͨա
񾩳ǵսΣ
ǽͳ콫оѾɹ˻ǺӣڳŴͶʯسʿص˵һ顣
Щ鱨ƺҲسս޷жϾе׷ʲô¡
һ·Ҳ࣬ȥϢɡԷɲ䭱ģþǰհΣڲˡ
Ƕʱϲһͷ
л
ȻŲɵظſȥá
䭻ص֮ǰµãֻԼҵļŹ֮ⲽȻּܹݡ
Ҳûӣֱӵ
Ѿ˾Ǳšµּ˵ñʾԮǣȴⱾΪ̫ӡ
죬࣬λ佫ӦͤЩĳ¶ϲɫ˷ܵص
ϲ
Ϊ˭ϣԼ׷ǿʢƽպڶ²ԱУ̫Ǳ嶤½ʵۣǵܳΪ̫ӣ벻͵ںܿʵô
ܲϲ
ֳǵĳһ˲Ҳϲޱȣ˫۷ؿԼĸף

ּҵȫִ֧ӣΪĲִܷ´λΪλʵô
ĿҪʵˣ
Ȼֵ¿ȴɫأ
թȥǣ
̫֮λһȷûش㲻׷ϳ
ʥּȻǷּɼӵ۵ĳм֡
ֲҲŵ
ûգ
һ꣬оǰδеİġԼٻֻҪҲԸΪų谭С
ĵصİǣȡǰδеĴգʳǣٲᱻȡµıҲԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿ׳
񲻹ǳ͢庹ͬηһηǡ
ÿÿ뵽£ֲĶƵӿһԵĽԺ
ͬʱҲ֪ľ棬ȫ
ʧȥĹǣһж̰ܿɢ
ԣΣκʧ
˵˽ҲãѪҲգͬ⿤Ԯǡ
ӵ۱ȥȣ̫֮λ˵󣬿ɻʵҪɱҪҲһּ£ļϿڱ˵һϡ
λֶκּɵѾãƭÿȥǣѱŻı
ֲⷬɹЩΪ˿ϲ侲
ǰ̫֮λٺãҲİΣ
ܴ˵գ
ҪȾǣҲ
;оķѲСһˣ御ˡ
ûã˾ˢˢظ⣬Ҳʲô̫֮λˡʼĿϵգĳԮǡ
ֹ̧̧֣ԡ
Ǹ漱Ӷܳ̽ȥǧ˵ݣԮǡ
˶ʱ󾪡
򲻿ɰ
ȴûᣬţ
Ľһͬ±ļѵ
죬뱾һͬԮǡ
ᣬǧطǣ걱ִ
ɵ˵˶Ӫı
Ȼһ׼ˣѾ˺ܾĹ滮

˽ѡ
֪Ƕǹ
ӦűĶҪʣðŸǵˡ
ɫƽºͣκκôϲĿϲֻгƶ
ŴȡõĽս˵Ľ
ȻѾ֪еΣԣȴƫҪôȻĿǡ
Ӧӿİš
뵽Լ棬ʱ뵽һЩ˷ܼˡ
ɢᣬ׷ǰȥ䭣
͸ףǲָϴһ;Ҫıϣ
ԣ΢΢һЦļ
Ϣ˰
ΪԼ˿İţĵԼǳˣǸˡ
ɰκعζȴ־ÿղŵЦݲô¡ִΣ׽͸ͼ
*
ƺƴܿԮǵϢڱݿ
ǰּĽһպҲӸϻؾǸ
ʱľǣ̸еĽ֡
Ѿ϶ͷҰҲù
Ҫ˵ж̣Ҳδء
򲻴̶ûϵҪ̵㹻ĺô
ڴ͢ô̸ĽǶ⣬űǿ񻶡
ô̵ôȻֵôףġ
ɱֲڵͳ˧ȴˣ
ʮǰǳ̣͢㿹²Ը̸ģôɴ࡭սߵʧصôֱͶ
ǽӵսսֻ֧Ԯ򶫾⵽ش³Ƿּӹ˳ǽһЩơ
ضǲ֪Σ
˶Ե
ҲɵȻʶǳûٵľʱ
ˣκƽǰеһκ̸ʱȫۡ
ֲҪõأֱӵ˾Աʮ
Ѷ£ɳԼϱߵشƽԭҪˡ
ֱǰĿսϭĶǣ˵ҪΪ׵ķأ˵ǼΪģΪֻҪӦǵսһͣˡ
Щңţ򣬽ƱһҪ
κƽĸۿгӡ
Ǽֱ̫
κƽɫȴƽƢ£Ȼ̸彫ǵ
λԸǺ̸ֻΪգԸ˲ƣûʵ
˵ţɫưصλҳѾʥּҪ˶ãԮǡʱ費Ҫ̸ŸλӦ
ֺͶֵĽǷ׷ɫһ䡣
ǿɶжţʵǿıҲűɱȫûȷʵ潻档
Ψֵɫ䣺
κĴδ˵̫Щ㵱ǲ֪㳯ʵĹϵǷԸǵĵǲδ֪ء
붫ֵĽԣʱָֻ˴ݡ
Ͼ˭Ҳûıָ˽˵ǱĲ
κƽȴһ㶼ңȻ
ӱˣǱ³ӣ㱻Ϊ̫Ҳ˳ģĶ뽭ɽҲĽɽ˵ԸԸⷢ
⻰һҲЩɲ
滹ûãǿӲ
κҲˣǿʮһܶԸģʱ䣬úÿǵȻɱǲ飬ֱӹǵľǣʱǻʵ۶ҪĿɾͲֻЩˣ
ŻǣҲõķپ˵


110 
̸У һʱ˽֡
κƽ˽̸سУҲһɴ󳼷ŭѡ
ЩǿӲѪֱӿȴӵǿѹ
˽£ ӵȴƲ
˵ľı仯ܿ죬ǰһķŲ䭳Ԯ ȴʼǣ䭲ܿٶ
иѲȷĸһģ ͲЭ
ķ ҪȽϳ׼ʱ䣬΢ӣ׽ŽΣ֮С
յڲĵȴһζ ڱٳ¡
ױʻظӣ ҲӼվ͵˾ǡ
ԭɽͣ ·ô죬ʵ޷֧˸ǿȵĸ· µ˳͢ľ鴫ݣ ֻʱվϵͳ
ǻŵӣӵۺݺݵ˿
죡͵ǰȥ
˵׼գǧǳǡĶﲻǲ ⣬ʮҾִܵﾩǣ һӡ
⻹ᵽ ǵȵƶ񤣬 ʶȱ ʿǳף ϣܽ͢ǵȵصó׷Աͨ
ʵüӵЩ⣬Ϊ䭻ñʲôΪ߿ʱ䣬ȴû뵽䭵ҪȻֻм򵥵Ľó׷
ʳ䭶Ը㣬ҲƲסʵѾû̫壬Ҳ޹ؽҪ
νû⣬Ҫó͢óô
¹ؾǰΣӵûˣ˷ּӱܱߵĸǣǵԱɽ
ų¥ϣκƽҲӳ֣ѯʵоǿսǼ̸
ͨ͵˳£ͷд˼彫ǶʱЩԥˡ
ǵĳǽô񣬱趼ʮֳ㣬ʮǿ϶µģʱȴˣ䲻ظһͻϮɱʧʮֲء
ܺƽصõôû˭
㿴Ƿȷʵд
Ϊ˽ˣȻҲϵ䭵ıʼӡţùһü
ʼǺӡƺģЩҲδزα졣ֻٵȵǱ̽ӵϢ
˵ǱҪ̽Ϣǲףɵִ£ȴôסġ
һǷ͢˵ǳҪȷж
ǣѾ׼ٴνֳӪأȴ̽ӴȷеϢ
ͬʱע߱ģԶڱͥıֺŴľ
ǰߣһֱעطΧڶģ˱Ⱦǰǰ˺üյϢ
Դϴβ󣬰Ŵľһֱ̫ãŲپǿ֮˹ǽ顣
յϢǧˣԳԮǣô
򾩳ʾǺ޷ƣɹ˹ҵĴ̽
Ǽ͵Ϯг˴ģӼصūȫߡ
ûȻֻǧˣȴС
Ҫ֪ϴ°ǧ˳Ԯ£ȴҲֱӵ¹ʧˣɳǡ
յȴ
ΪĿδǴǣӦþģ
ƻĺ˴ģϴǱ˵Ҫֱȡͥʵȴֱ·͵ϮֱӵʧྫǶԼȫǰ̡
ǹڶ³Ҳʧأǰµʸûˡ
⻰˵˰ŴľĿϡ
յϢĵһӦҲǽƻˣС
´ʵ̫֮λļ黫թҲϲڹԹȥǸʵ۵ǰ䡣
ҲǽֹˣҲܽ˹ɣ˵ˣȴҲʵʵ
Ƕأÿоܴĸ޵ģһ꣬¾ӵսۿۡ
ȻĿǰǻûҵȫĵ¾׵İ취;ǣ׾ȡ֮֮ߡ
սǺĵ󲿷׵ġ
û㹻ףݾǣȫǰϻ벻ʵ۲ûɡ
뵽㣬ȻҲ뵽
ԣηΪ˳Ԯǡ
꣬ͥսߡǾãĿĸ
꣬ڷԱĺ֪ܽΪʲôȴֻзûй˼
˵·͵Ϯпܡ
дƬֽǣȫ벻һֱԺֵɡ
ͥΪֺҪĴڣҵĲƸкеҪ
ͥǶʿĵĴҲúʧҪĻʯΪһɢɳ
ű߳ߣߵ;ɻǣһٶֱȡͥ
Ҫ֪һ·϶ǲԭûûпϮ֮ľһ·ǰû谭ġ
սߣźıۼȻδ֪ȷʵǺˡ
˺ⲿֱǱûʵԣҪô׳ƳҪôֻ±ֲԭ
ľнɳǣ͵ϮսߵıִҲס
ңľʿǶԭˣͺȱϱȻսס
Ǹ㼺ƺĸеһʱûͷ
ŴľǳͷۣѾ˵üģǳ
ˣҪǳܵģҪһõ⣡
յ˰Σ
һ취Ȼı޷ĴôɴðһЩתΪ
ԣ
ʣ¶ǧˣ࣬ôԭһƽ͵ϮҲڲ١
οұ֤ⲻյ֮ߣ㳲͵Ϯں󷽵ı˵ͥ
յ¼ԼĵλҲǽʾ֭ȷʵ뵽İ취
󷽱ΪԮǣ˿ںǵǧפ㲻ǧ˶°ɣ
ںǣĿǰΧĵط
ɽҲûã·ϵĵαϴҴ
ڿںʲôûУƶ񤣬ƺҲ̫ӣγֱӵһפ
ʣµǧ༯ڷǣǣԼɹ˹ǡ
ң˭˵ֻԼıֲǻǧı𣿡յ¸Īص
⵹һǳİ취
ľӣ֮͵Ϯ͵ϮĻᣬɱûôˡ
Χ׷½أ㲻ȫľӣҲԪˡ
ʱ²ڴսɱҲԱֲԭв
Ŵľϲ
յ£Ǳĺöӣãȥ׷ִȰ˵һͬ͵Ϯ
ֵĺԮǰЩѾˡ󲿶оǿӱȥ׷ӦǺܿ׷ϵġ
ǣ
յ¾ȥ
˶յ´мԺ
ҲΪԼҵ˴ĺûᣬ˭Ҳû뵽޹
ͷɥӣŴľͷʱӿ˲õԤС
ǲͬ⣿
Щûֵų򣡡
յҧгݵ
ò뵽ôõļƲߣȴôҲû뵽ֵǸͷڹꡣ
˵ʲôûгͻΪС
սҲ⽻ˣԶĳ֣ᡣ
ԣȥ
յµĻŴľ̾˿
ֻ̫ʢֺ̫黫ûаյȫԸԡ
һֻصԭ㡣
У׻ʲô
ɹ˹ؾǱֻʣǧ˵ıǰЩֵһǧȥǣѷ
ֻʣһؾֻͥǧǧǷֲ䡣
ÿһʵܴصص㵽׸÷
Ϊ˷ĳжֺŴľоǰδеĽǲ


111 
Ա ɳȥ̽ӻûյԱͥĴţѾǷǧˣ Ǿ͵Ϯ
֪λպյҪԮǣֵֶĽǣ 㶼ЩˣҪ춼ʼż̸ҾǰȫԽһЩ ûû̸£ Ԯ͵ˣճ
һη绢ģջ ȴ
δɳǣ ǻȫȷ λûҪʱɥ
Щȴ
ɳǣǱߵĵֲһˣ ʱδ̸£һӣ ϵˣʲôҲò׳һ˱
û ھͽЩҪհѶõճˡ
ʼ˷磬 ֪ ķֳܶ
ǰ̸еĴ಻Ǹ򵥽ɫ ֿɳ֮ ܻܿѡǸơǲšһ ɾҪ߼ˡ
ƵԼһȴûûһ㹻ʵս
붫ָƣҲȷʵǳѿ˵ģΪ˶ԵģֻЭһЩǱֺҪҲЩ˵˰ҪһЩ
˵ǵ͵ǰİ˳ɡ
ĿǰԵĵǣ
ҪףǴӦλҽѾռĳԼެƽøǡ
ֵĵɽر淽Բٶء
ֵĵɳǺͶ¡
Ǯʶ̸
ͬʱ͢ҲյǷ̽ӵĴţ뿪ʱѾϣ
ǧ˵ľӣṩڵаǧˣ͵ݺ;趼ܶ࣬ӦҪԶ;ġ
ˣ͢Ҳ̸ֶеĳ룬̸ʱĵЩ
һΣκƽֱӰԼǰٽɡ
ԭǣǮԣǲأ󺹹ÿ⳥һǧᣨֿۣһǧᣬֱȫ˰˰ᣬԵ
λǵã뾩ԽõľԽ١ִǾһĶòλǴˣ˱Ǯ˲ϲߡ
̬ҲǿӲ
κδ̸ֻ̫˫м̸ģȴû˵Խ̸Խ͵ĵΪôɿֺα̸
˵ָһλֽʹ˸ɫһŭɶӣӵ
Ȼûг⣬ҿ̸̸ҲգֱӴӵҪȵƳǣ
Ҳ׷һܵߵӣҪƷ̸ֱӿս
κƽ֪¶ԷݵģزǿӲȥҲֽϾǱͳ嶯³ç׳ç֮¡
Ĵǽ¶˶ߣֻû鷳ˡ
λȲ裬ҶΪ£ûҪֵô
ԲڽҲ˳̨
κƽһøӶǵ
˵ϣϷҲλ̨˵ʵ̸֮ϣΪ˶ϣ
𣬺̸ĸʹۣƺǴӵľ˾ˡλκ࣬˼ҪôҲӵӵߣҪôֵ֧Ļӣ֮˶ǲϣλġ
°գ˲ƣ̸ͬλҪ̫࣬Ҳ½˲ʱһᣬҲҪ򣬵ȴپǣǺ͸λûκκôô
ôһ˵ֵֺĽǶЩ˵ˣ״Ϊʲôúúõģô̸ˡ
пΪʵҪӳԮЩǴɵĳǼˣɺ̸ҲԸôӻؾ
˶һۣκƽ
Ҳ̫ЩǻȥҲý
˵ְǰһɣκƽȥٺͻʵ
Ҳûԡ
κƽҲֵúʱ䣬ӦٻȥȡһЩ
ŵصκƽڽʿĻฮ·ͻȻоʲôһ£ľϴصһ졣
ͣκƽ򿪴ʱʼٸѾʿǰסˡ
ڱϵģһˣʱްţκƽ򿪳̸
࣡Ǵúúõģƾʲô̸ӣú
ʮ֮⣬һЩˣҲԳӱĵĿ⿴
״̺Ҫˣκƽȴס֡
ɣûҪΪ˵ʱ䡣
ϳκƽ⿿ڳƣɫر۾
̸һڳ˲Сķ˵Ŀǰܴһְնܹе˵ǡΪسս̫ʿв̣ԸƲ֣ͣսȡʿƽ
ܶ˻ǲɣ˽Թ飬Щģ嵽ฮ̸ֺࡣ
Ѿһα·ˡ
񲻿ܸǽԭֻһһεЩõͷϵˮ
ֻеȵ˱˲Żױºġ
*
ڱֺʹ˫ķУʱһζ
һˣѾоٶԶɻǡ
ʱı߳ǶѩľҲѾ˿֦
Źٵߣȫͼ
˵Ķ飬ûκվܰãʿ죬ֻ¶ޡ
ԾϺѵʿ˵ʲô
ΪȻ¶ޣȴŴӱձʣߴֿ滹ԷŻ裬ʮ˼һʵ̫䡣
񱾾ڳϣӣƥͿԴż·Ƿ㡣
Ժȷ棬ҲΪúרŸĺڣ˶Ϲ̵ļ߲˸ɺĽ׼õɣһ¶ǣٺһҾƣȫůˡ
ʿȻͷԷûʲô˲ڵɻʹҲ
ȥֽ뱾һš
ȻǿоУҲû˵׼ʲôǺͷʿһĴҾƣһʽݣڸԵʳϡ
һԷҲûǸӺԼҿ⿪Цƶ죬պǳĬ
ѸٽҲˣ䭱Ը
죬񽻸㡣緹һǧʿϡ
ʱǰһλñϣǳűͥȥ
ȥ͵Ϯͥ
䭰˰֣
вٵͷϣͻϮ꿤Ǳš
в뱱ͥԼʮ
Ȼ
סǰЩҪɡͻϮв͵ⶼϡϱؾע⣬ʱ󣬾űƱеѸº걱ţ𣿡
ʱ䣬ٹʮ壬˵ѩȴģʹûѱ¶١ϱͬϣҪº껹Ǻ׵ġ
ܣնػش
ȻЩʵʣ
Կ˴ζȥֻΪ˹⸴ʵǴ꣬ȫûҪ¡
ôһؾʱԴǿЩʱҲܹġ
䭷ʵ
ôûҪԭūʮ򣬲䲻͵Ϯαȫǣ
㶡
ԭΪЩԭա
Ҳײյľݵռ͸ҡϵգΪ˲ϧۣǺյ¡
˺꣬Ҳúúִпһúոܵǵİ֮ǣ
ˡ
ҪˣȴǾòԣ
ǿһǧ˴꣬ǲǴСðǻ͵Ϯ
ûн͵˼
ñ£ȻںȴһģԼĥȥɡ
ֻͷˮˡ
زĥûãԽȷаˡ
Ȼһʼһ𿪻ģȫ֪˽°ϱ
оʱ䶼о嵽Ҫ󣬿϶ڱĵطаš
ò˵һбİȳ²֣ǾõļƲߡ
ˣȻǵϺ˲У
*
󺹣콫һǧɻͥ
Ŵľôվɫʮѿ
Ȼǳͥģ
ټǣϢȻյ´ǧǧǰȥӭС
˵¹ϵùҲȫԸǿ׳ū˽յһ𿹻ڣ֮ͥ⡣
ֻ޶ȱǵĲƲ
ңڳ⣬ʵ򲻵ѣҲܸеĹ廹ȡߵʱ䡣
Щţ
󺹣˰ţֻͥʣһǧıǷ̫ðЩ
յ²Ե
Ŀǰ͵ϮͥģֻڿںǽʣǧǷ˺ܶ׼꣬ǴĿǰ״̬ܳ
ֻҪס֧ӣͥǰȫġ
һ룬ȷʵ
ǧ˲вͥΣڸڣٸо͵ϮĻᡣ
ڶūѸټᣬܹˣƺƵ϶ȥ
յһ·ϸ˷ܡ
ϴľ졣
һΣҪһѩǰܣ
˵Ȳ첿ô࣬Ҳǳصġ
Ǳֺ˽䣬οҰսóġ
첿ȴʧȥ˿ΧǵĵƣʹףѾǰս߶йԤǶϲ֮ǰһ׾ȫƵ
ֻҪʱܿףͿԱܶ
սϵıԽ첿ء
ȻãʵȴޱȲпᡣ
յ´죬ûк첿ͷǰĳҲû̽첿ڵӰӡ
յжʱ˲ԤС
һ磬һѪӺ󷽿յµĶ嵽յǰ㷭ͨһ¹ڵأغ
̨ͥռˣй御


112 
 ޴ѣθһ˲յ¡
̨
̨
عЩˤҺñµʿǽס˲ûˤˡ
վ λѪʿ죬 ҧʵ
ôܣı˵ı
Ǳŵʿ޵Ѫ᣺
֪ Ҳ֪ûʾ Ǿ͸һǷֵʱǾѾʼͥˣ
յԽʵ ʣ
ô᲻֪ڸڶ 
¿ںֻǧı ߳͵ϮѾԹ˽ѵ ±࣬ Ҳͥɽڸڵġ
ʹڸֻаˣҲܹͥʾġͥгǽأҲһǧкܶû׳꣬ ôô챻Ƴǳء
ŵʿЩ˲Ϣˣ һ߹ţ һΧ˱š
űƣ 󺹾򱱳ʱ žȻз ֱá
ǲһȥͱʿţһС׵ĿըֱóӵĶȫ˵ʿ˳űɱ˳нʣıһɹȫ²ͷˣƽȻҲټ
ԣͳȥ⼸Ĺ򣬺ʮҵ˵ԭѩ죬ǳʳҲ࣬ȴȥ·û
̣յãȻĹˣһʱ侹֪úȥδӡ
µʿǣ̲֪롣
ʱıͥ鼳һҲոڳһ
ų¥Ǳĵıֺӥצ죬ٿ¥ϸ߸Ʈ죬鼳¶־Цݡ
ȥţ˵鼳һʿԲУ±ֺܱͥ
ǣ
ŵȥ
鼳ų¥¼ʿ
ڽʿ²֮ͣԽѾʤʱ̣Խܵģ֮һȥԷ˯֮ţڳѲߣʱһ࣬Ҫܸκη˵Ļᣡ
ǣ
ʿػӦ
ŵʿطɢȥִ鼳ߵĸҲο
˵ǿЩ廹ǺãѩоôãҲģ
鼳Ȼص
㲻뿴ǿΪ׼˶áȥ굽꣬һֱл⿹ѵƽﻹרŷÿĳʳҩЩӹǱͺͳ˲һˡ
⣬ٻȻ
ԭôŹͥˣ˵һǸˣǿֱһͿʮ
鼳һĨݣȻ󵭶ĸٵļ
˵ҪѧĻأ
ͱǰͥ̽Էͽµ鱨Ӫʿαװͷ棬ͨͥʳβҶȿ֧ĿԼϸ΢֮б
Ϊ㵽˱ͥ㣬ŰһͻϮ
ںǣֻǧʵǶǿ̽ӿģȫ뵽ߵǧ½;ֻص˿ں
˼ͻȻֺģüȺЦֽ
Цǣһ취
þʿϰɫ޲º磬ͷŹʵʵƥҲܶһ磬ܽɽҰİѩ١
ѡѩҹеģѩ΢¹⣬ȫôƮѩֿڵڶʱڲǵĽӡ
ΪһİɫװЩɽϵڱȫûǽӽͱ鱨Ӫ̽õλãʩСգ׾پ͹˽ȥ£ûһ쳣
һ죬ڶϴּͥ
;ֱ·һֱȥͥߣһȥ߶Ա˽Χ¡
ģǰڱţƭǰѻǺӵŷ
ȻͶеѸǰ¥¡
ڱͶ֣ڳ¥ȼСɧҡ
˱עµĻеװרΪսƵĳСͶʯСͶԷǳء
ų¥ϴģˣϽݳװã϶Էǳأſƿأ򿪳ţӭӴ󲿶ӽǡ
˵ʱӣʵϱ˸ûϵǵͻϮըˣȫû֯Чķ³¥Ĺʵɡ
ֳڱ飬Ǵ򿪳ŵһ̣ע౱ֻ
϶ǻ򱱱ӣһ־ڱ߳ŵš
ŵʿ˵ЩӳıͻȻããѩʿǰϵİһƣ˷ɱ죬ˡ
Ƕ嵽ǰЩ˲ֿܡ
ǧѵصϾʧں֮ڣȻǺǺܿռ˱ţܶеıֺ塣
űһʧأǵͥȫС
ڿľ£³ǳĺס
׵·һҹ
ˮɱҹѩҹٽµʱҪſڵǰС
ǣ嶼ǻƾ迤׼ҾްƤëҧˡ
̫㲻ȼÿͶֶӵһס
ǿŴҼǿ־Žһ£ǲִ˿ļƻС±ͥ
˵ҪǳΪ֮ʦˣ
ΪרŸ鱨ӪĸҲ˲Ĵ󹦣
뵽ⱱͥƱʣڱֵԭ鼳иǺɡ
һǸɵйӵһĽٷչֱ꣬ȡǶû⡣
ԼܸΰҵǵˮɱҲסﱼڵѪ

ͬʱǵļӵ۽ǵⲽȴλĸ󳼵ĵ
ûã̫Ĵ£̫ʦκƽ˽
Ҫ񣬱ӵס
ˣʱͲҪЩˡ
Ҳûֱ֣ɫµصȴ׵ļӵ۷
ﶼӵ۴ҹǽǷ˷ǳصıʡ
Ȼӵɫصؿڵ
ղűϢʴɻѾͣפࡣ
Ǻ޼ӣȻϷŪǡ֪ǵȼȻͣڰˡ
̫ʦ΢ǵ۾
ϳ֮ۻ𣬾Ҫۡ
ӵҲôġ
κƽȴ
£Ҫǣ֪£̸ҪʨӴ󿪿ˡǸϿȥΪ
ڳ˶ֻ֪ڹעоĶˡ
ӵۺݺݵȭͷ
䭣˵ҿþȨѹ´󳼾ֻƾ֣ȴһ仰Ҳ޷
ΪǰֻѡҪôӦҰĲҪôֻӦøǳǳҪ⳥
Ȩȡᡣ
Ǳ㽫Զرڳϡ
Ȼô䭵ͷ㡣
뵱䭱΢ǰҪ߹ȥ׵ӣŶ̶̲ʱ䣬˵ĵλȫλã
ǵصУͶҪǿҡ
ɾǰ볯вִ󳼣ͶԺ̸ʮֿܣ̫࣬ʵۣҲڿڵַ
ûбѡ


113 
͢ʹ߷ٸɻǣ ӵ˸䭴˻ֻҪ֣ԴӦҪ̸Ҳԣ ̿Σ̸߱
ȻԤϵ û죬֪䭵ľͣɻǣһĿʼ˵̬ȣ ֻصʼϣ ҴǱڸ𸴣Ȼһλᣬǻֱӿս ֱǵľǡ
ӵ۱ ֻһóǷս һߵȴɻǴϢ
£
С̫ǰ ˵ ͳѩﲻ
ӵüͷ΢壬Щǹ£һֱδ̤󹬣ѾЩĴˡ
Ǹִ֪ˣ Щһֱ䣬ҲӲ衣
ΨһһΣ Ϊ֮¡
һΣ ˼ʧ̬ »Ϊ¡
µĻ£ Լּ̬ȣ 齹ļӵвջ
֮Ϊ˽ɽ𢶼Ҫ䭵ͷˣѲΪܾһԼӦ
ΪʲôǲףŮѾ御ˣ
˵ת뵽岻ãͷ캮ضӵվЩġ
ȥ߻̽
Ը˴ȥƫȺ
һʱ˵߻ѾˣӵȰ߻ӽ˽
֪ӵԣǶŮ鳤֮Ҳ˵ʲôֻ
㶼֪ٳ£ֵҪףĸʼ᲻㣬ȥȰȰ
ӻ׸ô
߻Сȴ֪ʶԼĺС㼫Ұġ
Ե
ʷģһȰοĸ
˵꣬㹪뿪ȥƫԼĸ
ôɫϣʹڻôãɫҲЩ԰ףʱһȲů֣Ŀⲻſ
ӣЩȣ
ʶʲô
߻ӻżɫ䣺
Ҳʣĸʲô
ͷһμɫЩ޴롣
ʲô
Ȼ˵˱һ̸ֱһټ¶ȥףҹζ࣬㲻ٵ¶֮ӵĻڣñ͸Ͻ¶޳ȥ
ɱһֱֲѾ˲ԤС
ôԼǧŮ޵ȥܿģӣʶһ취ӵ顣
߻ȴûи˵Ļᣬң
ĸ֪ҴΪ˶дò۵õһͣÿ˯㲻ʱ
ĸ֪ҴΪ˶׾ʵܻѹʹ
ĸ֪ΪһͷӳҪĸûĸ壬Ҫʵĳ谮ûг谮ҪԼжѣ
ôĿ۷ѾѪΪʲôĸ֪ġһŬĻкܶ࣬ΪζøۣҲӦס
رڱսպգԶֺĻҲе游뽭ΪܡأֻһŴδĳ佫ΪĽ㣡
ÿ˵һ䣬ɫҰһ֡
߻Ȼڵأ̧ͷ̰ԹĸǽĸѵͲҵĸ𣿡
ĿƵõ˼һʱ䲻ӡ
Ҳףһű¶ƫΪѣ֮֡
Բҡֻ뱣㣬ȴû뵽ĸܡ
ޱ֮ˣֻǶһֱϻֶ£Ůððʧʧһֱ˵ģһ˵Ůˡ
һ˵Ҳ侲뵽˴еĺ
²ϴӦǰᷳʹ´ӦҲȻдǵĲ
ǵеоǵ˱ͷԺ̸Ϊֲּɿڵĺ̸Ǹģͱڱķ渶ҵĴۡ
б󳼶¶һ¶¶ΪȻǲʲôӰ죬ȴɻ߻ӵĶ֮·Ӽѡ
ˣĶԲӡ
߻ӼѾҡٽ
ƣδػȥףα˸ᷳߡѹЩ
ֻҪԺܵøãֻҪʶĳ谮ɣ½ȥ֣Ҳʲôµġ
ңͼ̨ôŽ㣬ɼֻ֣Ҫá
˵ϣҲֻôǰͷ
ӵ˵ȥˣ˿
ֻľƣ
尾ѹİŮӲһṩһĸ壬ΪѣľЩʧ
չԲίʮ꣬Ҳûܸʹ֮λ
ʲôֻǵ۰Ůѡ
ǸûִŮӵ۲¶ˣַԸȥ˰ڵİÿʵ׼κǰȥҲ׼κ͸¶ǰߵϢ
*
ʱҲյԼ̽Ӵͥӱ޴Ϣһ˲䣬Щ겻ᡣ
ͥ𣬴嶼ˣ
Զɽһĸô²ˣһֱƿصǿ󺹹ҲΪıΪһɢɳǿڣֺºܿͽڡ
׷˺ܾõĶôʧˡ
ȫһجΣôʵô޷رܡ
һ˴ҹ˽ࡣ
ˣܸ군
ʵϣǰڵ֪ıǴϱߵ̩ߵʱоЩģ᲻ͼҲǹķ䣬ָӦԡ
Ϊ̸еߣһֱԴǮȽ϶࣬ҪĵرȽ١
һԷʱҲӳ˴Ŀʱ䣬ΪľǾ䣬ȴͥϢ
ȻЩŲ졣
Լ˭жٱֶ˵ǣڴ㼯ʵϣͷЩܵˡ
һͥϢƾһǧˣٴõκκôˡ
һǴ֪ǵͥȻţٲѱַ
һ棬ֺͶָһǧˣҲκλȨ
˵ӴõôǰڴսƷܱܲסδ֪
ĸóһӡţԸ
Ŵʵۡɴʵ
д״ĴƳٿսʱ䣬㵥ʮƽĺô˫ڴŽΪӻʮĿսʱ䡣
߾Ǵܴɳǣűִ롣֮⣬Ѻͺܵõ١
д²˫Ǣ̸ԼԺĹд
ţӦţһӣںλߣȻҲȱǮġͨ˫Ǣ̸һ˭Ҳ֪죬Ҳ֮С
̸ĴǲпܵģӵΪʵۣʱ˿̣ȻޱڴĴԮ
ͣսΣȻоԲܿսɡ
ļӵ۲ҿս
ʮƽΪӵȡʱ䣬ͿǵȵεϢȫ⳥κǮء


114 
ȷʵ׼˼ӵ۵
ۿͨʱ佫 Ǳ߻ûκϢӵһֱͼ塣
񱱽ѩ죬ŵվϵͳٶҲ ļٶȣ·΢Ϊһ ʮ͹ˡ
䭸ʲôҲδ֪ɲ˫Ҫ棬 ʮʱ䡣
ټ·о ĵﾩǣҪʮ졣
ɾǵĳǽԭԤƾǴҾͻб ʱΪƣ ˳Ȼغ̸ 뷢ʱֵ죬ʵֻʣ졣
һٴο ־ǵ ǿ䭵Ԯ̵Ҳȴˡ
Զһǧ֮¾סǡ
˵˴󿪴򣬴Ǳɡ
ǽǴٶδйĳ裬 ˣҲеʧ
ţ ˵ʮʱ䣬 Ǽӵ۴˿̵ľݡ
ϸһ˼ ȷʵ̸еɫ ΪУ ֵʵǿлȨ
аæܸȡһЩʱ䡣
ʮƽȷʵܶ࣬൱ڰƽͭǮбʮˡ
Ĵ⣬һСĿ
˽ģ̸֪֮ҪǮƣԣӵ˼һûǲɶԷۡ
ۣԵô㡣
Ȼ̫ͣöԷ߳ŭҲỵ¡
ңĿǰҲͨˣȻȻڳ
ʱָǽĿǰ̸ֻܿܺԭЩ£˵ȥͱȻᴫоС
˼ȥӵ۱ط֣ǮȻֻ˽
ҧҧοԼΪһʥľΪ˽ɽһЩԼӦõġֻҪܱסǣһжֵõġ˵Ҳһ׮̸
ǣʼŸּۻۡ
˫żս۸Ϊƽ
⼸Ϳ˼ӵ˽лƽ档
ƽ˳ʮ˫ڳŸһֽǮһֽԼ
Ķ£û˷֡
ȴûȫ̽ͳ˧ĳ̫ʦԼʱŵзκƽ⡣
֪ЩоͶǱɵˣ̽ѯʴ¡
һ׮ףӵԾΪȡʱ䣬˶ݲࡣ
˽ʼĩ
󣬳̫ʦ̷е
壡ԺףȫǵİձȻµĶ¡
ӵҲԾԼ˷Ϊɽ˲٣Ҳп
˷˽еЩǮƻþ̫ƽհ֣Ҳֵˡ
˵ֵ
˷Ҳ޿һ£ʹϳĽ˽ģҳδز˽¸ơ
̫ʦԣ˵úеҪȥЩǵıǷҳʲô
ΨκƽüͷһԲ
ӵۼɫԣѯʵ
κб뷨
Դ˵ӵ˽˽Ӹκƽб㿩һ¡
Ǽӵ˽ģΪΪԵãֱָӴӵ۵
ǲ˵¸ݲ˵
£Щģ˴ţҪǮǼ٣̽ҳʵ档
ίص
޽ǰӵǰļ٣òץһݣԥǮʱˡ
侲κƽһѣʱһ亹
ǰֻżʹ̰ܵݣ˽ıôȫ
ԣȡʮʱ䣬ҲԱסǣں̸ٸǮ
ȴȫû뵽һӣеһ֮
Ǵ̬̽ǿӲؾܾһǮкãĻӦֱӸǮ֮ǰǿиɵּۻֻۣöԷãĲҴ
ߣԷƲǿסԷʮĽԲ˽̸ʹ
Ǳ¶˴ߣ
ĸ󳼶ɫصؿӵаռˡ
ͼһЩϣǿӲ
κ֮ʱ޶ֻʣգǵĳǽȴ֧ͻ¶ߣҵõĽⷨ
κƽʵʵ
಻ܡ
ˣѾ췦ֻܾ
ӵЩ档
Ѿ´Ǵ̽ߣǾͱĴˡ
زסʹҪʱó׼
һ̣͸¶κγķ򣬵ûܲԼ¶š
ǡ
ҹԼӵۺλĸسעǸ֮ҹ
ڶ죬Ѿԭͨʱ䣬ȴûгļ
ҲûС
ӵ۱㿪ʼ²⣬ǷΪسŵǮˡ
Ȼ磬ɵ̽ӣڴ̽ȷеϢ
̫ʦţ
£ӣǰҹ챱ִܳˣĽǣʱȺأ
ӵ۶ʱͷһɡ
˵ƭӣһ֮ȴǺܶˡ
Ŀǰ³ֻĸ֪
ʶȤӽý˾ڲᡣ
ֻҪȥ㲻Ӱϡ
µĺôȴʵʵġ
һֱԱհ˳ߣʱ㲻ٶԾγвˡˣҲû˷ִǵ
ˣǰΣˡ
ӣʵֵ
̫ʦҲû˷е
ӵԣó棬ɫ࣬Ը
ͻȻߴȻǱڲʲôʣȥ
ǣ
̫ʦȥ
*
ͬʱľӪ뱱ֵĽǣյϢ
庹֮䣬˵ͬһԴȴìڶ࣬ʱֻΪݺѣ˴֮ȻҲٲ˴̽
ǰֽҪֻʱһ壬εɽЩɣߴϢ
ӻûɽأյ˱ͥ²ӹƣֺϢ
ԭǸҹǣΪʵǿı֯жͥʹ󺹶ûˣٳ
˱һӴҪ´Ǿͱúˡ
ǣ׾˱ֱ֣ǳԮǱضֲ˺á
£Ƿ񳷾ģȻҪ֪ͨǰߣͣս
ˣˣûйҲֱӶ֡
ϽͥǰŻ㱨¡
ӵϢֺͶ죬Ҳεɽһս嵽ˡټֻʣ°ͷľӣһʱҲٳ
һսƣʱͻ
ӵŵҲȫˡ
ȻĿǰûֺ̽ڲʲô£۲ֳѳɶ֡
ʣкܴʤˡ
ˣҪٵæҪʨӴ󿪿ڵҪЮ
뵽˴ԼгԵĿλĸǰ棬ж䭵һ㡣
䭰;ͣȣһ֮˾ȡ
ӵаģ˾ǵΣ취õףһһҪǧУ
*
ӵƺĵ̫Щ
Ϊ첿򱱳뵽ɽصʱ򣬱εɽϽľӶ˸š
ָոյӣǧˡ
ԭֻһǧˣھչսģʵֻʣһǧˡ
ľӸ·ͣȴεɽĲŰΧ
һʱ䣬˫γ˵ԡ
ããѩϣ౱ŵֶڷϵĵˣǺһĺ²ԭʿܶ˶з
εɽԽڶڶŵ
̨ҹһ̨ܷҽһ£ʲô˼
Ӧھ̣һɥ֮Ȯģأ
ʿĻңʮ򶨣
α֪ʣ˶ԴѾΪ֪ұֺúıô
εɽһ
̨򶨡ڲƭֺķҹ˶Ǯ²һ仰˽İɣ

Σ
εɽ
Ȼ̨¾ӣһͬǰúøһ
ɺ򶨣һ²ؼ΢ǵ
ȰĪҪСʧôľǰ㲻ϽȥãѾȥʵǲǰ
ʲô˼
ƶָĪص
˼ǣڱ飬ʮչƳǡ
ԭоϻѲƶ
ӵҲֲǮ£ϾֻӦʱ䣬ȴûӦԱ˵Ƕǵ


115 
ȻȷǷı飬 ױӼӵжƽ֪ͻȻͣսΪ˻ѾյüëΣ
Ȼ һ֮˻Ų·׾ơ
æͣս̸ ֻ˵ȥḶȺ̸ߺܶ౶Ĵۡ
Ϊжϣ̽Եȥթӵۡ
˵ʮʱ䣬 ʵ۾ȻӦˣ ֤ǷǳҪʮʱô
õƽʱķǳź
ʱ룬 Ǻôıʣ ٲ߾ˣ ָݴĶǵġ
õģֹƽ𰡡
ϧ һж
ֻؼ鱨ȡԼĻᡣ
ʱ 㿼ǹ·ߡ
ѡ·ߣܿϴı·ıʱ䡣
õİ취ֻԭ·ˡ ܻǰ֧Ԯ
ʱôΪն˼ӵ۸ƽ ȻǸ˵ֽġ
أ εɽĻ
㵱СȺŪ
ţ
Цһ ˣ Ѵʵ͸ǵĶ
ʿУ ӵ۸ļȫ򿪡
ӲӵĽ𶧽ڰããѩ˸˵Ĺâ
εɽǱߵ۾ֱˡεɽҲɫ䡣
ǹΪֹ壬ҲûôĻƽ
ЩƽǲǳԴʵ۵⡣
ɫ΢ͣȥ֤ʮӣĻƽӡǡ
õ϶Ĵ𰸣εɽ̲סʵ
ʵΪθôƽ𣿡
㽫ԼթӵۣӶõЩƽĹ˵һ顣չʾԼӵš
ͷīдɫȷʵǴʵã¶һ޶
εɽ˼
ٽҰĲ۾Ц⣬εɽı飺
񣬽Ӧ֪ǷҪСʧ˰ɣ
εɽһһ
̨Ǻƣ
Ȼ˵ţȴҲǴһӣ
ǰǣ
ĸЩ᲻Щƽǰ
ѵǾôŹǣ
εɽ
Ǵһʧʱ䣬ôǣ
ܹƴǵʱ˭֪᲻ת˲ţпΪƽ
´ǣҪٻƽûУ
թСˣҲǿ׼㣬޿ֵذѴʵ۴͵Ļƽ
Ŀεɽ뿪Ҳ򱱽
ȻǲȥͥԮĸҲȥߵĲԭš
ΪԣѾ˱ͥǸڱֵĲԭҲǱסġ
ȥпľӣΨһ·
ֺܶಿ䶼飬Ժױ˳Ŷֱֵӽɳڡ
ɳԱǱֺҲɳ̣ͨǱ߻Щ˽⡣
Ȼԭ庹ݲеľǰɳ¯
*
εɽǧԼоķʽϸǰߣ̶ʱ䣬ȫ嵽ﾩԱӪء
ûϢεɽټһ鹥ˡ
֪ױӴʵթƽ𣬶ֵļʮĶ
ôһȴû㹻ķʵûȥȡֱɵӡ
ΨεɽǲǰߵĸЩǣ
ͥѱ¾ռ죬Ͽ쳷룬᲻ڴսߵľһնϺ·޷룿
εɽᶨص
ΪˣǲҪսپһҲܵ󣬾˴糷롣
·Ҳ⡣
޷ǰĺպս
ϳ룬һ˳;޹´ǻ߰Ѵʵ۴ˣһ˵ջޱȷʢ
մ±ͥҪԭҪܳʱ䡣
ңû֣ܴܲԸͬʱ֣ЩĻᡣ
Ȼôض֧ȫˣôܷŹ
붫һļϣڶһ磬ȫԴǷ˽
һıȴ徫൱ֱӶˡ
ټϱûüǵͶʯһƱʮͣһʱ䣬ǽϱԴԴϵǧصʯҵõضɽҡѪɺӡ
ǳǽϵؾǹеļӵۣⲻкĽˡ
֪¥ǽѾʯһʱӵ顣
ֲѾôͻȻ
һóȥȥ쿴һγǽ
ûãȴҲάĴݣش˼ֻңҲЩ΢
¡ǷˣʯȫǶγǽ
ӵֻԴȻһ죬òײŬάסʵ
ֶܼã
׸εĹƱκһζҪȫһֲƴ۵ķʽʹʯƬǽգͻִƬ
ζţֻҪ죬Ǿͻᱻݡ
Ҫ
һƽԭ֡
ңʱ̫ˣܶණߣʹϱߣҲȻԪˡ
ӵۺѾϡ
һսǰһ䣬һӵ۵ű䵽˳¥ϡ
ԣ޼ӵ֮ڽǰĺ̸ȻڣؽƳǳء
һ̣ӵ۾ǰδеѵ޷ѳ֮˵ĳ


116 
ͷԽԽ
ӵ鷿 ûƵƣͷһʧֻʣһǿҵľ
޷ֹʧ Ҳһس¥ϵơ
Ǳ߻û𣿡
һ˿ϣѯʳ
䭣Ψһõģ ̸ֶеĳ롣
֪ӵ۴ʱж⣬ǲò̵Ϣ
Сص
ղյϢˣӡ
˵ţ żݸӵۡ
ӵ۴ŷһ ʹϻ㱨ûɻҵؾҲ֪ȥ ˵˲ʱ䣬 ¾ż ǲ»㱨£ǱҲڱѰ
ӵͷΨһһ˿ϣ һ˿һʧ
ӣǴѣ
ӵۺ޼ˡ
϶ͻȻʧ Ϊ˱ԼʲôҲټǹԾǵʹܶ
ˣѾûκΰ취ֻȫֺ̽Ͷֵ
뵽ĺ ӵֻ̫Ѩһۡ
֪ΣգڴͼԼƽ ŬԼ
Ȼ裬 ܱסǣ סƽԭ
ֻҪǺҪ˰֮û ǵľҲסˣ оطһ졣
趼ʱģֻҪܴ֣ܶ;񸸻һһҲ޷ϴˢϵ
οԼӵŲְԼ
*
ȴ˵ӵۺ޵䭣治ǹܿӵʹġ
ͻϮĵڰ죬յǱϢ
Ѿ˺ǣнؾδܼĿǰԷս
Ȼ־ڳжأĴܲǺܺöԸѾȡϵ˫ͬΧ˱ֱҪֻʱ⡣
ú鼳ҲӱͥݱͥѾǳռ죬Ŀǰάֳ򣬰ԭס
ͬʱڳ
һ˵٣ȴԶڳеıƽұͥĳǳطǳΪϣܹǲһЩǰȥ֧Ԯ
Ǳ߲Ÿս±ļ˱δѵҲ޷ó
ͳ˧һˣûжıɳ
鼳鱨Ŀǰıֺ壬ͥмǧūɵһ֧ʲճˡ֮⣬ΧಿҲмǧԼÿҲҲʮū
ЩȻĿǰռݵͥγɾ޴в
Լľӹ¾ңԶıͥ
ôõİ취ǳȴ罫ЩơֻҪûͷĹ壬µūǺܺðġ
ʱռס˱ƬĲԭ
ƣ򱱽
û죬Ǳھ뱱ͥԶľֲ丽յı
ʵϣյڵ֪ͥݺ󣬶ȹıãȻҸǳʱפ
ϾѾѮںڵĲԭεʹװȫʿܵסһūҲܲסңǱͳôæû㹻ʳҸǳز䡣
ľֲĳǳز󣬵ȴͨǵıؾ֮·ϡ
ʲӻ֪ȥյµٴӵͻϮһǷ⾯裬ҹͣڳǳظѲ̽顣
ǣʾľֳǻжʮԶ㱻Ѳߵıֱټ
֪ľˣЩԼūǰ֧ԮĹǶ
ľˣǿܰɣȻҪǱΧڳͷǳˣ
԰ǻûˣ
յ¼һųñð̣
̰Ϊɣ˭˵˵Ļնģ
ΪɺӣյµŻǼߵģһŭ˱㲻˵
סǣյֵ
ǶҼס¾ӲǲսʤףǵʿսԱȲǵĲԭʿ֪ΪʲôŴ͵ϮΪڿҰսʱ𲻵̫á
̵ֽǣʿʹףƺƥɢ˾ͱض̫
һǵʿ΢һЩϽȥԼµ˹ֻҪõһͷܽһͷţһʱ䵹ʿ˲١
Сʱ˫ӱľֳĵطˡ
䭾鱨ӪĳҲ緢˵оټڵо˸ƺ󣬳ǵǡ
ʱʻǺǿģص䭻㱨Լķ֣ûκοֻš
Ȱ䭵
оԶʤҾİΣҪұã
ˣһĵĴǼΪشģοǰΨһͳߡ˽ǺܲϣΪһսðա
̿ٴһԴ䣬¡
ȻʱϵĿյһ֧ӣˣôΪԷͱˡ
ѩ׷ɣῡȴɽΡȻûһ˿һη侲ɢɱâ
ȫӭսսҾʤ
ᶨص
ӭսĹڷѩƲȫʱ׼оɱ
˫ľһֱ߽ƴɱһ𣬺ɱ졣
ַȻ࣬ȴūΪһǻç֮£ȴϣΣ֮׾ʧ롣
µľӣͶ벽һսġ
ͶֵСȻɱһ㣬ͷɽƬȴܶԵоƥγɼĸš
ǵŵĴҴܺ䭵Ĳһӵϣϣ׾ͽ
ˣҲռһϷѡ
ûͻϮȻҲûеλõѹƣ׷ӵޣҰսľѵأҲѶԱγѹ
䭳ŵع۲սϵƣʱĽսսоƽս֮Ѿо˧ֻٶԶ
䭵ȴĻᡣ
ѱǹ
Ը
Ƭ̣ױ̽һֱޱʮ֧ݷǹ׵ĻҩǦ˹
ʿһһ֧ȫǰװ˻ҩǦ
һױͷԼĺӧͨٵĺɫùһ֧ݷǹȻԸеһױΪˣжʮ˧츽ס˧죬Լʮ˻ųоǰ
ڵּУʸʮս뷴ӦڣƽʱҲڼѵҪЩ
̶̰ӣױĻ£嵽˫ǰ
һٶǸ߸Ʈ˧죬˧֮µı˧յ£䭶ݷǹ־ڱصõĹâ
û˿ɣ䭶ǹ׼˧յµͷ
ȻݷǹľȷȺܵͣҲǶһֶԣս鼫ḻڰŪǹеּ츳˶ԣھܼһкСĿꡣ
ŷصӰ죬΢Ƕȣϵؿ˵һǹ
ء
Ǧڻҩ£Ѹײڶ֮Ƴյȥ
һ˲䣬յ±ֱӴԵ
Է˧֮£ʱ˻ҡ
ûгɣӹױѾװ˵ǹѸٳŶչ
ԶһĹЧΧ
ը⣬һֱûھжʿݷǹѵоʽĴڱһ֪ûӦͲʧյ£ɵ˺üͷ졣
ڶʽһ֪Һս֪⹥Ӻζ
û֣ͣϻװõݷǹѸǹ󣬵з˧Ҳϡ
Ÿ߸Ʈӥצڵأһ˿ϲãɹˣ
նµо˧죬սǴһ
ΪԵзʿأԼʿǼܡ
˧ҿ˧أȴڶԷɴΧֻš
յˣͶ߲ɱ
»ᱱױñֻԭ
˧Ѿն䣬ʿʿʱǣɱиִͣȴΪȱѵûָߣ˧챻ն䣬ʱҷɵľʿ׺ݹƣȫʧȥƴɱֻʣ¿ֻܵıܡ
ˣڳΣյģ
䭵ȻŹĺûᣬ׷ȥո
սһʱִܵܣһͶ˽Ѿȫ
սڱֲԭϵв㱻ˡ
⻹䭵ľͷһ뱱ִôģսʹƴɱҲʤӮˡ
ӽٵʿ˷ܲѣֻʣĶӣֽл
Ƿйһɨս
ץ˼²Ĺͷʺ󣬵֪ľֳѾûʲô䭱׼ľֳǽ
ľֲ䱾ǸȽСĲ䣬ֺͳһƬԭʱǻҲûô͹˳ˡ
վڳǽϵľֲͼųµƣŵսս
յ¾Ҳɾľֳǳξ𹥴
ۼĽѾŶͼһҧͷϰ˱ʾͶİײسǵʿ˳š
̧֣ͣ䡣
ֻͷ󺺣ͷϰŰ׽˫ʮԶĵطڵأ廰ߺ
Ը˳˳
Ҳ˳ع˵ϡ
ԭǾͨ廰ģ䭴ʱȻǺϰ˶ԷĻ
ͷһ岿Ͷȴǲҵģѯһ֪ľֲ졣
öñֻ鱨ӪʿǰȥͶн˴˰˫ǰ
ͼмΪԼǰȥԭɱˣµѾ˳ͶûܵأǻԷ顣
󣬶ԷûΪǣѺǽǡ
һ·˳˳ؽ˳ǣڳнѲӲ죬ȷѾûпвӵı͵פ
ҽǿʼ˱ƣڱҲ˷
ĸͼ˺ܾãڼ䭴ױæĵǰ䭵
ʿһ·ԶˣľֲɱһЩţóһЩ̾ƿң
¶һЩЦ⣬嵹Щԭÿ͵ˣֵü
̾ƾͲˣɱţԡ
˵꣬Ըױһȥæ
ȻæֻһģһҲΪ˼ӡ
漰ȫʳȻҪЩġ
⽫ԸǵТľֲɳЩ
֯ɱţʱһ𱻷һųûǰԸͼ
ղλǽˡСĸղЩױˡ
λǶԭġ£ܱģɲֻһˡ
ͼʧɫȻԼ٣
ǰţԭ˴ʹ壬Ҳ֪᲻ǵĹ˳ŴȥȡЩƱЩŮūúֺλὫ˺ýǽǰԼ䣬Ҫǡ
ȴû뵽˵һֻὫˣ
һɸҪвǡ
*
ľֲɱϰֻţµʿǱһ١
Χ꿾⣬ʿؽϢ
һ˧ȴǻбҪæµ
Ϊոչ齵ľֲˡ
һʣڵ˸񣬿е
ǰ֪ݣʵʧԭ£
䭲ʧŹ˳ĲҲֵܱ̫׺ͣ˾úŪ
ɣ֪߲
ľֲվȻ̧üӽ鱦˵Тġ
ûоܾ¡
Щ䣬ǻᵱعѹεġȻ޷ֲѿ֧ͣҲ޷еصĲƸٷ䡣
ˣľֲּ
СĻһҪ͸⡣
ýɡ
ͼ֣ͼͷжʮĸŮӱ˴
Щ˵ü˳Ŀһ͹˳عڵأʱϣԿܶϵӡǡ
̧ͷ
䭷Ը
ΪõıֻЩŮ̧ͷкܶ϶бŹ˺ۣиɸɾġ
üͼΪ⣬ʱһæ͵
£ŮӣǰЩʱյ´ʱȥźһΣҿֻʣЩˣСľ޶Կ˼
˵ţһƤ׾ŮƵ䭸ǰ
СŮǲ飬ҾǸɾģ뿤Цɡģȥ½ʿǡ
֪ԭעŮ࣬Ϊ׼ģǰСŮûյµ۹
СŮɪɪı۰ҲʮʹȻҪ˳óгŮūȥ̷
ɨЩŮӼſ־۾ϸղŵĻǰЩŮӵ
岿֮ʱ๥ɣսߣӶΪԷūֱսָŮӣҲͬΪūǷ飬ֻҪᱻ·䣬͸սʤһµʿ
ڸʱսʤһĽֱӷʿ֣˱ⲻһֺܵ
ľֲС䣬ڱֺȻǰȻҲǱ΢ġ
յΪӣľֲֻܴ򿪳ӭǣţƣŮ˺д
ԣĿǰӦкܶŮӲͼղõŮ͡µʤߡ
ΪһСĲ䣬ڲԭȷʵܲס
Ժµˣ㲻ⲿǰªϰ
ؿͼ
ͼȻ첿˳˱˱㶼ǱǺˣڱ£ǿκһˡǰı̣Ժ£ضϳͲ
ͼæӦǣȴǹ˺һŷӦе˼ֻλĹ֡
ƬԭƬԭĸ裬ȻҪԺˡ
㶵ؿλǿĴЩԼӹһˡ
ǰ죬յ´ʱ򣬸ǰȥźյ¡
յ̨鲻ãڽϷйھӪҵʱϵǱˣֻʣ°
յ´ȥˣһ֧ӴľӽսҰӡײò򿪳ӭ
ԣͱ״λ˵ľúź˻ġ
뵽ϵˣº¼ˡ
ΪӡЩеçִ³̵ֲġ
ȴôҲû뵽Ĳԭ֮˵Ļ
˵£ǿκһˡ
Ӳ֪ϵǿȻˡ
ῡݣָͦߴˣãҲһҲųȥźˡ
ȴûǵ˼
˶ȥϢøȥ˵Ůҽٿˡ
һ뿪ĲŮǣж˽ٺϲá
˵ѡ˸ˣλԭĿȲԭеĴ̨Ҫá
ǲ¶Ц⣬ԭֹһôء


117 
ǰ˳Ĳ䣬 ǰûҪô
˳ߣǵһֵùġ
˯ǰ˼һ ڶ磬˳㱨 ټ˸ͼ
ɡ
ͼæ׵İǰ¡
л
ͼó˳ĳ㡣
ȻԺСĶ׷濤
о䭵̬º˺ܶ࣬ ͼΪԼǰĹЧˣ °˲١
¶͵Ц⣺
ܺãʶʱǱﱾһ¡ǰˣǼĲƲĲȡ
ǲ ҲֻҪͷһϽճɣ ڶ ˰ȫͬ
ͼдϲ
ԭʤ߻ʧߵвƲһᱻɱ ū˳߻úܶ࣬ Ҳһ׳󲿷ֵĲƲɹܱס
˼ֻҪ£㱣ȫƲµҲһͬʡ
Ը СıضȫԸ
䭱Ϊ˵ͣ Ȱ˵ֲԭϵС˳ ҳһ𹥴ֺļ䡣
ˣ ԲЩС䣬 һĲƲ Ҳͬһ˰գڶ𣬱˰յͬ
Ȼв죬ӴԺȨ˰ūҲָƽݡ
һϣй˳䶼һͬʵġ
֮ˣҪΪС䱾ûٲչ̫ᵼڶȥ
Ŀ꼯ЩԣĴϡ
һǴĹϵܣ罫սߵͻɳǣصԭϣЩ״ЩǱҪġ
һ棬ǵĴ帻ͣһջʢҲиʳ˿ڡ
ֽĿǰı㣬һһСһֹ֣һЩ䣬Чߵġ
ȻЩͼɫȴЩãһСص
⡭൱ڰЩԲͳȨû˻ͬⰡ
䭶ǵС˼һؿһۣ
ͬ⣬԰ǱȹǣȻɹ˹һЩһȫץˣʱ㲻ط¸
ͼῤѹʮĿ⣬вɵһ
ǻͷˣǰλֺͥ˵˵ľӲһͱɾĿֲڣȻΪԷ̬º̸֮ͣ
ҪŭλµĲԭԷҪôС䣬ͷǻǻ֮顣
ܱסȫƲ˷Ӧ죬ռ˵һͶȻֱί񣬵Ӧúúñ֣ͼռһϯ֮زǡ
˵ȨƺպգҲЩ
СһȫȰǣ
סˣȥ׼Ȱˡ
ԼҲľֲһӪʿأ˲ԭذãһǰͥˡ
ͥľֲֻԶû;С佻ֻ֣ʱ䣬оӱѾϵˡ
ԶԶأѩԭռعĳǳء
ǳһΪ˱ܷ磬ͥǽɽµġԭĳǳأĳǽҪͰܶ࣬˺ԶܿͷԲ͵ķݡ
Ϊ˱ܷ磬ĴݶʯͷģԼΪкܶʯͷͷŸɫ뻨ƣԭĵ˼־£ȴҲЩ顣
ƽķݣ򱣳ԣܶɣڳ⿴ȥԲԲʶһشؼһĢͷ
߽һЩǽϸ߸Ʈŵһž޴ӳ
ģжʿǸĳȣֻԺˣ
ıͥ
һǰİǸ̸ֶɫ䣬Ҳȷʵǿ˾޷Կһ㣬ڿָ£ֱǴˣΪȨͥǹռ
Ժɶǿµˣܲ
䭣Ǳи߸ƮĻ죬ü۽Ҳй¶˼ַ顣
ԽãԽԭ飬Ķʮ꣬Լһ
ԭѧʶ䣬Ҫٿңֱãԭи飬Ҳһһ̳С
ȻкļжϣڶԱֺ֮ǣҲΪӵ۶ĿԹޡһиᱻ嵭ܶ࣬ΪҲ侲ǡ
ǰû߶Զ˳ѾȺõǣǶ̴߱
ͷ鼳
Ѿǰţ鼳ڳſڵˡ
䭣̷˸
μ
ʿҲŹѩ񣬶뻮һ
䭺ص

ǣ
ǰͷ·鼳ԷߣһСұ߲һ˺ۣ鼳ǽţ
ˣô£
ȻǰսģֻһɵĲˣ˵ǸŵúܣЩЦ
ʲôˣͺˡ
սˣǰ˵ƽһҲϡ
ߵױȴǿߵ
⻹Ϊȡյµ׼ԽսǳɹˣȴЩʸ˵ʵ̫ðˣϧǸȰס
鼳ʱǴĿ⿴䭣

䭲߶ʲôǧ֮ã˰ֵ
ˣ˵ˣִ֪硣
ű鼳ôʿתƻ⡣
鼳ֻõ
ֺסĺѾˣסȥľӣıӪǲΣ
Ȼû
߽ǰͷԼĪǧ˵ӵȺΪ䭵İȫⰲŵģռ챱ͥĻ޵ıδȫ壬һжҪ¡
ǰ˺ƺƵľӹ£һ·ͥߵȥ
һ·ϣֵ壬ֵֻܿԵķη徯ĿĹǡ
鼳һԽͣΪռͥЩٴңĿǰǽ״̬ûпмֻǳ˰ʾ߳ƽ񣬴Ӳɱ޹ֻҪǲӣ뱱ֹ年ңǱԱȫԼƲ
ԣͥеƽȻûЩԭƢԣЩǣȴ󶼺ʵûз롣
Ȼ鼳ѾԳвĽˡ
ıֻǳҲûϢ㿪ʼսս
Ѿ˵ˣܹսʮһˣʮˣ˲ٷ֮һԼСĴ۾ͥ
䭶Դ˺⡣
ս棬ȴ鼳˵۷Ź⡣
֪νɻ˶ٶ¿˱ֵ˲ᣬѳ鱦߰ٶ䣬ͷǺö
ţʮͷʮƥʳʮʯţɣʮ򸶣ʮѣԼֿƤë
ȫ㲻ֵǮˣõܳͳƣ֮ξǷˣͥʵǸɵйԣǱǹ
ô䭾֪Щˡ
Ϊǿ壬ԭʢţ󣬶ɳ̣ͨлϰ꣬кܷĲƸ
νɻôණҲ֮С
ͥӵеֻһ֣ĲƸǣǵĲƸӦüԼصĳǳ
ţͥΪ׶Ȧ̫࣬ɢڸͷ
Ϊ鱨Ӫĸˣ鼳ȻҲһ㣬˵еؿ䭣ʵ
ʲôʱҲֹ˸УøϽǵĶУȻ˾ˣ
кЦһǰη山֣ȴǰѱֹ嵱ء
µˣҪǲźã
ģս߻ʮǿ᲻ܡͷеӲҪϧ⼸ʱúһ°ɡ
ʺϷĲԭǿѹեЩǲ׷ġ
ͥյµҲ²˴ֲԭϿн˿ڡݳǳؼأ˵ܵȵڻԭϣϾ֮ǰЩǾʹġ
뵽սߵıִ䭱㲻˴ľ
սߵʮִʼǸղܶȶֲԭľƣǶӸİնһ¡
ֺɻţ
ֺͲˣдһʡ
鼳
ͷѰ¼ʱ֣ж°ͰֽŹѺšҪҪȻǵ䣬ɵԼ
Щⱱֺһ˾ȻѰ
תһ룬˶Էͼ
λֺǲԼоΪҪЮӵʡ
Ϊľ˫ͬȴѡȫ
úãֺмֵˡ
һˣܽ͵ȥǱµǡ
оĻʵۣɵӶá
ԼӵȻûʲô飬սеİ޹ġ
鲻ȥԸӸıֲִԭϵĲ죬ҲΪֺڲ
ս߲һͳͳ˧Ǳֺ۰Ķӡ
еľӣҲкܶԭֱڱֺʦ
Աֺв㲻ܱƵͶҲҾġ


118 
ʱľ֮У ȨسǶȴ̸
ٽԿʱ䣬κƽƣĲӵ۸
£ ̸ԼڴˣĿ
Լдÿһ֣ һɽѹ緢½ࡣ
ʮ꣬긻ǿʱ ȴ·һ֮ʮꡣ
Ѿ˼ ԭѾϣСĴȴվΪӵо¶˵߶ʧܡ
һŬͬеҶ ôҲ޷ܱԨˡ
ʵ̸ ǰѾ˵ˣ ӵ۹ĵκƽǷܽٿһЩ
̸ԼֺͶֱַǩģ
ӵ۷һ ͷ붫ǩԼ дΪٽѺãɽڵƽһʮ꣬԰Ѱ
֮⣬һ⳥ֺһǧľʧ
һ дŶֺ⳥
ȣͬ⳥һǧľʧ ͬʱýȥֺף  ެƽΪķأ һͬȥ Ϯ
Щӵ۵ɫˡ
ЩľһҲã
Ȼ仹۰Ͱ͵صţ̸֪ʲô
ˣӵҲţߵ̫Լݡ
ʱɫ䣬ʼָκƽ⣺
κ࣬ⶼǩʲôҪѴͿ𣡡
ʲô裬ʲô׵ķأ˵ٺҲǸأֱɥȨ
㻹ȥԴ𣡡
κƽⱻǧָ׿ǩԼļӵȴһԲ
κƽҲվͬľ׮һָ
ȴһͬȥ̸еʮֲޣվ
˵ɣӦʱҪƳǣôּۻۣôͣôȥ̸
⻰ϣ˶޻˵Ͼ⽻ٳµʱҲвɥȨԼ
£˭ȥתǬ
ܰԼĿ̸úЩѾ㲻ˡ
Ψ˻ǿ磬˵ӦЩѳǽ˵Щ취
׳˵˾乫
Щʲô취޲ⲻ̣Ϣһй¶ͻֱӹǡ
żӵɫû˸ڴʱ˵ʲô
Ϊ˵ʲôڣǸҲʹѡ
ôɥȨӵ۶ǴȨյģʰһ֮°ȫҿҲûܰô
˭ҲûɵڴʱٻϽ͡
˵Ķ˵òˣҲĿˣӵŵ
ˣˡֻʱģ޺óǽҳϴˢյ衣
Ҫģοٴǧ
оҪڽֱӹƾǡ
ղŻһһĳϣʱʱüӶ
ǧڹǮҾ롣
ÿҪѣٺ»·޺ӵ̵ȸ֧ʵʣ޼ȥͽ̣һǮݵȶõһɶ
˲˵ӵֻõ飺
¬䣬֮УŲǮ
¬
£ķݶѾȫˡֻʣ˰գǮǧŰᣬǵ֧ӦĿֻ֧Ųһᡣ
ʱ٣ͭһᡣһʮȫǱˮн
ӵüͷģõķӡ
⻰ĴȨǶͷ­ӵӡ
Ψʷ̨һʮ̵꣬ʷվ
£а취
ӵ̵
˵
̵
ѵͷȨԱȻҲóһƶԸҲһǧǸ٣һǧ˵ȷʵǸСĿˡ
Ȼ⻰ȴ̺޵̣ƽʱʲô˵ʲôҲΣǸ״Ҳˣʱ򻹿ǡ
ⲻҪǴѪ˼ô
ӵаϲƽʱǸͷ˲㴦õˣܰ鷳ɳûץѱôãû뵽ȴǸ˼°
ҲȨЩǮȴÿڣ̼ȻͷȨȻҲþܾ
κƽվ
ԸΪ
ȨҲ׷׸ϣһǧǧǧĶУҲƺκƽһ㡣
ܵͳҰһʹһʮ
úԶ
ȻЩĲ̫Ǯ
׻˵ڣӵҲõǲϱǾǮʵۿҲӵˡ
ΪóдԼġ
յĿֵ
£飬ҲޣΨһŲǮֻ˽⡣
ӵ۸ոպתһɫʱֳȥ
а˸󳼶ĿƵضһ֮򶼲С
ֻǿŵ
˵ѣһ֮ҲӲӽ󣬰ڵĺöȶ롣
˵űа񸮵ӣȥڻжǮܾĶ
ճѪпܻѪȨǱ˴˽˸һԽڶж˵ñίˣһĳ滰ȫѼӵ۸
֮ӵ۲趼С
ӽӵɽ󣬼ֱͷƤʵɫԣ̵ǳˡ
һ֮ե˽ȥƬ̣
ŲǮûȥһȻûо˵һ䣬¸˽⾡ҲԶ
ӵɫ˵ȥֻ㣬ŲĶ
Ļӿӵ۵̬ȣûҲ˵
УΪһ֮ô˿購ܽµ˽ȫ
һҲϽ͵
ĵ˵öԣλˣǻǵ취
ʲô취
ȨǲԸѪ̫࣬ջֻڰեǮ
ط̫ԶˣֻھǸİϼ˰ŪǮ
Դˣӵûзԡ
Ǳ˵ľǣܲһ֮˽Ѫˣƽջɡ
һЩ˰ֻҪȫҰ̫ӡ
ǣվ;ˣǵͨգÿ˼˰һģ̻ÿ˼˰ˣˣܴһ
ģɻʵ۵˽⣬͹Ųһ£ȫ˰նõˣٷֱߵĿա
Ȼ˳Լǲܶ⹫ģ˰ҲѿΪɡ
в͸ǽ͢Աô˶֪˺̸ݣкܶȨҲǮϢסܿھǵĴСﴫ￪
һʼ֪ԵɣǻֻǱԹ˰̫أѹ֪ԵɣȴǷ׷Χ׸ͻʳſƿڴ
ûܽܣ־ɳǶԿĹڶߣŶãͶǩɥȨĳ֮ˡ
ң֮ˣҪեȡǵ֬ȥ֧˭ܲŭ
Ѫսһһ䣬ҲͶʵۺͳ͢ڳ̰ԲŹôɴ䡣
ʹ飬˵Լ׺֮ܣɥȨɽɫǧߡ
˵ӵ۰һڳһȫԸԿʱж˰ȷǩ˳ĺ̸Լжʧ
ӵ۵֪ͷĻʳǴŶΧסɫࣺ
񣡡
Ҷ˲Ǻ޲ðЩȫҼ
δҡ
ֻȥſںؽͺ̸ԭ
嶼ѾʶƣȻûʲôҪڵˡ
ȻʹԭҲ޷ƽϢеķŭ
ʹ͢θܣʵۻܣѸìͷָ˼ӵ۱ˡ
˵ǻʵݼ鳼ô޳ĳǽ˵ⶼǻʵۺͼ鳼ǵĻȴ°Ϊ֮ѡ
ӵеһǧɡʹ˵ʲô̸ǲ̰ѣ̾Ǳ٣ô踺أҲΪܡ
֮˼죬˰һ붼ûյȴҪѻʳǶûˡ
ؼǣԹڵʱ򣬻ǿѹҲǿ˰
޶ʱȴҪˣǮҪ׳ǳءʱ򾩳ǵһз󶼽ڣƽԭҲʧ֡
ӵۿŻĵӣɫڵøһ㣬Щ鷿
յ˰ǮȨǾģʹŲһĹ˰ǮҲһǧ
ֻ˽
˴ĿҪ˽оͭǮ鱦ȫղƽ
һ˽ЩñĹŶֻƿľͷڼһĶʲôҲʣˡ
һ֮𣬾ȻҪȵ˵ز
ƫƫƵýĴǶָֻǮ
ǣ죬һһ鱦ͭǮƽƷڽĻһһǱ
¼ӵѾ˽⣬ȴɵòյ½⡣
ΪУǴĲƸȴܼһʵȫ壬˭ܲʹļס
ÿ˿˶ҪѺ͵Ķһڿˮ䡣
Ѻ͵ĽʿҲǱˣǲܴǲԸⱣѪ
ǹֻʵۻЩ̰ټ޳ǽųǺȡ
ôͬ۶װҪܰյܲƽ
˶
ھǣǣܴ˴衣
̫ԶˣҲվֻǿ롣
ʿ룬͢Ա˽Ҳô롣
ЩЩĴӵΪԴӺʹޡ
ŴڱȡԽԽҫ۵ĳɾͣżӵ۶ԴչֳԽԵɵеǹɺ㽥ˡ
ܶ˶˵Ӷǵİ顣
Ϊ˱ǣźǻޡΪˣϧԳеԹߣ
ͲˣȴźӢǲܼ׷棬Щҫ۵ĹҵҲǸɵġ
һЩǳеɴ󳼣ǻһֱԵ۵
žƣ˽۶̲סҪԹ
Ϊα²ؾԮڣǺڴˣ
԰ҪڣЩӣͱ仨ˮˣҸǴҪظȥû࣡
ΪǳӣΪ̫Ҳ˳ģʲôޣǵҪƵԶ߽߱
ȻҲˣ̾Ϣŵ
ͽˣԽ긻ǿӢΪĻӣԽܲ¼ɴѹˡ
ɱΪһ˽ģǩɥȨĳ֮ˣҲʵ̫ˡ
˶֪ӵʵѾԮû
ӵ۶˵ȥ
ΪĲܾǣڸ޼ɵԼӵΪְ˺ܶԹ
ֻǣҿʹʵۣϾڡ
Ϊ󳼣ȴֻܽУΪԼʹвҲֻ
*
˽鱦һ͵Ӫģλ׹
ھһ³ԴöȶǰûɣֻҪصñˡ
ȷϸüӵ۷ȥſڰֵһչĹҲȥÿյĳʳﶼͷͽģҲܡ
һգͻȻǱߵΪȥģֱļˡ
ɽţ˹ɼӵдµģ׵ּ⡣
ع̴󺰴Ҫ壺
ҲҪףȥʣ
Ů˰ϻȻ˵˲ֻܰĳޱǡ
ȻǲţϴŹŮǣͼҪȥ
ֵòɿ߻ˡ
ߵܣߵ˰ȥˣǼٴʥּðң
ᣬ߻Ӷʱǿ˾ǡ
߻ӿȴ䣺
㣬ʥּģ붫ִٳ£ͼԵҪ㣬ȥס
ֻ
ôᡭôԶôͻȻʹ򵽾ˡ
߻ȴû⣬
֪ĸΪʲôûΪĸģԲĸΪ̫֣ڳ϶˻ʼҵȥİݱ𡣡
˵ڵأǰӵ˹ѺʱĿ⣬ĳ˹ȵס
ˣ޷˵ӵۻǰһ۰
Ҫȥף
ҪǿͼͼˣﻹҪȵ
뵽Ǳ߶ӵȻĳǳòͼ檳Ⱥ￹ܼˡ
ߵܣȾңҲҪȥף
ΨһĽ㰡㲻ҪҲܣ
Ψһϣڵܵϡ
ȥĸĸ飬ҲҪ޵ȥֻŮпӰʵ۵ľΨһܸı˵Ļᡣ
߻ȴӶĿ⿴
㣬ʱ㻹ô£Լ룬Сĸ˶£Ǿ£Ѿּǩ˹飬ĸô󣿡
Ҿ㣬ʵʵؼ޵ȥúάϵҪٸ¡гһգĸϣһ취س
ŵص
ǰֱܵǸѪħôȻһֱ
߷߽ӣȥҪȴһԵĹסˡ
߻Ӳ˵ֱӷԸ
ȻԼҪ棬Ҳظ棡ֱӰֽţ̧ȥ
ӵķԸȻǲٿͣɴѹ˻·ְֽţ̧ȥ
ڼӵѾͿ˹˽⣬ΪųＯ˰齹ͷöȻҲû˼ЩŮ׼ױġ
ǱŰ裬־ͳȥȥ޻صģȻҲѣ˷ѹǮơ
ûзʢĻҲûκμױһźĹŮʲôҲûͱ׵͵˶ֵľӪ
갲͹ʱ¡صĳ棬ʵǺò
ִǱҲͷֻ˰ⰲһţæŽ⳥Ĳˡ
պ󣬶ִյ㹻󣬱мǧĸǮ鱦ȣƺƵسˡ
*
ĵ죬ǲѺͱֺĶ飬Ÿվ;棬ϵǵŸ
Ǵӱ־һ·£ɳǣȻɳǵؽõͨƣһ·˾ǵűߡ
ʱѾȫмˣǵİȻҲҪָġ
Ǿǻ¿̣ŶַǷȻҲˣǳǵģźüгĶ飬ǳܼ
µʿǣʱ˾ǣѾȫˣȻҲǻǵľ˿졣
ɱ˵һǵľֱůֺʵϷǳ㣬ͷǴӱ˻ϺƤףҲţƤѥӣ޵ͷϱŷľЩسǵĽʶˡ
Ҳֻ־װܺǱһˡ
ע⵽һа˵ͨմΪͬǾãװֺҪһĹپͬسǵĽһǰѯʣ
ߺˣ̱
ѺͱֺһĶͷʷƣԭӪһͨʿ鱨Ӫ˲ٹͣα㱻γ˶ͷִһ
سǽѯʣʷúش
µӪһͷʷƣ֮Ѻͱֺǰ£
鸱˵ˣǣҲδؾûΣաѱǻʵ϶Ͷܣ֪Ĺ˱ǵĿڣԣŴֳĶԽԽáˣӵ۲ŲΪǡ
ңΪھһչ¾ĺûᣬȻǲŹġ
ѯʵĶӳǶˡ
ʲôѺͱֺ
ǣֺӦúúôڱͥѺʲô˼ôŸһ
ʷһⷴӦ׹˱ֵϢӦǻû²ʿƽն֪
ˣôŹչʾṦΰĺûᡣ
һģôɤź
ô£ѵ֪Ѿݱͥ׽˱ֺͺܶ౱ֹ壡
žǰձΧǣҵѺͱֺý˱أ
⻰ʱͬһըˡ


119 
ܶ˶š
Ͼʵ̫ǿˣ ôͻȻ֮ͥˡ
Գ£̲סһϣս ʵпɣ
˱ͥ𣿾ү治ڿЦ
и˴ ܵʷǰʵ
ʷص
ôܿЦֺץˣԸǰѱֺˣ ΪľǱȱͶ 嶫֣ý⾩֮Σأ
ˣ񾩳սΣ
Զڱͥ ǵϢΪͲ Ƿ滹Ǳͥ ֪ǵˡ
⻰ʱ̲ס
ˣ һжˣ͢Ѿǩ֮ˣ Ѿˣ
ʷ־ŭЩż
ʲôôĳǽһʮɽؾ ϱԴԴṩ㱱߱ΧϼҲʲôΣհ
ıúúõģ ȴ±ͥ Ȼ᳷ ҲΪĳ˺·¶ ֻʣ¶֣ һȺں֮ڣܲ㲻ǶʮҲڴ򲻹ǰôôͶ
ʹļ׵ʵ
ĻŵĽѵҲ겻ѣЩƢôض㣺
Ͳ죡Ҫٳ߰죬֮Χƣڸ裡
ǻ鳼Ҫǳǽô©ǺڵȲĽݱ
ʷȴ˲ٹܰǵϽŸѯ˵ôġ
ֺ֪Ͷһ˼ǧĽ鱦뿪ǸͼƵġ
Ҳ˵ˣԶʱ޳ĪֵоӣǿɶҪǵĵϳ˵ģ
УãϰϢ߿
ϣһӳһСӣԸǶӳһ̿ӱ޸ϻر֪ͥͨ
س̲ʱǴűֺͷӣͷ߲졣ʮ׳ֻҪ·ϵվǮǾͱȻִǰϢ֪
ǶӳҪԣȥ
ʷԼ˼
ߣ˽ͨȴͷĽһָʾ
¹شϢһϴݣС죬̨ͨӵ۶С
˵Ϣĳ̫ʦҲһͬӵˡ
ʱѾԿӵԭ׼սۣȥ󹬿ΪŮ׶ͬתټˡ
κƽ౨ӵ˲
ôܡͥܡ

Ը䭴˱ͥ
ǿǿı֣ѹƴı֣ˣһѾܿţôͥˡ
ȴ˱ִͳ˧ͻȻʾ뿪¡
ʱǾڲ²ǲǱڲʲôʣʲôȱͥϵء
䭴±ͥ飬ʮа˾Ŷġ
ھǸǩɥȨĳ֮ˣ䭾սʤֵϢ⸸ʵںεأ
ӾǴ
£尡
̫ʦص
Ȼٴδ˻Ի͵սﲻʼˣǵļڼӵۣûʲôȼӵ۵Ҫ
һԵκƽȴûȥȰ
׼ӵ۴˿̵ķӦΪʲôֻһ̾Ϣ
ӱΪս¶ȡĻʹʽԼĶӭȢѾȫױļ̳˭ˡ
ӢΪĴӣ˴ϣ
Ҫ᳤ӶֲһʲôԵ߻ӣ޶ӳ͢ںģһ
ЩԼļıûеóѡ
ȻǴھǣϵǼ궼겻ˡ
Ŀǰڱ߽ú÷չԼ°֮ٻλҲͦõġ
ӵ۵΢ƽһ㣬κƽǰ
£Ǳ߻ʾأôã
ӵ۱Ȼŭδ
һԵĳ̫ʦȴתתӣǰ
£Գ֮ɺµȥ鿴Ǳֺðײð
ܶİˣȥ͹ңǼֺġ
ӵҲ⻰е
Ǳֺս߶ٶһá
䭶ĳ͵ˣΪʲôá
ǾͰ̫ʦ˼ȥ졣¹ϵش߶رܡ
뿪ӵֽ
ȥһţϢ
񾩳ǵİձͶ붫̸ֺ֮²Ǵʱٴ䭹˱ֵϢֱȻֵڡ
ȴսߵıִɴ´ԱûôҲͲ̫ˡ
䭲Ӯ
Ȼ֪СĹݱֺͥϢѾڳﴫ￪ˡ
ûͷŲҷʷǽǡ
ʷƱԼµʿűֺͣȺ
Ϊ˲ӰͨͬѾһԣžۼİҲԽԽࡣ
ģΪıֺû˼أ
ûʮ𼱵Ҫ죬Щ˶ͣſڵſ͢Ҫδ
ҲЩģϽȥͨϢкܻؼ֪ͨһⳡĵĳ档
ںеʱڵ˺µĴ󳼡
˫ݣڶྩǰ쳤˲ӵУʷƴţ˰ͷıֺ̧µĴ鿴
ֻͷ̧һ뷢ףȴܿˣͷȫСӣϵƤëȻѾŪЩۣͷȴ׹ŻıʯŷӥȷʵǴ˵еҵĴ硣
䱾˱ֽͣҲš
ʷƽ˳
һֱԾԲŰסͣճʳҲֻǿ࣬ǿʱҲעһЩ
˵ְѱֺҲ˹ȥ
µĴǰ˿ˣּĳ̫ʦ϶ص˵ͷ
Ȼȫû˵ѾףȷʵǱֺ
λʿһ·Զˣ뵽վסõȺ͡
¶µĲûκκøУڶյ棬̫ʦɼʵص
ʷȴϵؾܾˣ
;ͲˣǲǷ֮¡ռ±ͥ黹أǵøϿȥǿͲˣ
Իʵ϶խ磬˭ھǶܱͣסˡ
ңиҪҪء
ִĳ·ߣøϽ̽ˣ㱨ǡȻֵǧĲƱװߣǵǶʧ
˵꣬Ŀ֮£µʿ뿪ˡһ˾ǷΧ̵ͷϣ׷ִȥˡ
ô˫۾ţԷҲ˵оݣ̫ʦȻҲֻܷȥ
ֳɽ˺İգҲ֪ǲܱˣֻܴűֺȥӵ۸
ǣǵڶ죬ݱֺͥϢѸٵСﴫ
ԭѪߣڶɥȨԼıУϢʱ͵õ˼İοֻùϴˢǰĳ裬ü׷ױ档
ǸϲЦտڽʶ̸һ׮ϲ£īҲھ¥ۻ飬¥ݶظףһ׮ʢ¡
˷֮УҲŶԼӵ۵ǿҲ
ƽͷղԱҪУʲô˵ġ
Զǧ֮⣬涼ΪǴˡɻ鳼ô춼زס
ǣְ죬͸ǩЩ̸ԼߴôƸأ̫ʹˣ
ɷҲ
˵ⶼʲô£ڱ߽սʧأʵ۵ھأǵģᵱʵ۾ͱˣ
ûϻʵֻܣԶˣ͸λˣ
ٺ٣飡
˵İգǹԱǣ˵˱ͥҲ˽¶˵Ҫ̫Ӿͺˡ
ӢĴδЧĻʵۣһͬʢ˴Ž˾ò׵һء
ϧҲ룬Ϊ˭ָҰĻ˵
³еĴû˵ʲô֪ϢⲻסļӵۣҲ⽹ꡣ
Σ
֪ûʲôûɼӵȴ޷βܡ
֪ˣʲôڲͷԼʱȡڶֻ̬⡣
ѵЩ֧ᣬһش
ӵ۾һɣǿ
ʵ˵
Сص
Щʴʣ˵˵²ԶӣӦλλ
ǰЩֻ䭽ֱıȨĻλ
һУڰбȵһĲֵ
ӵֻһѪӿ˺۵һһѪҡҡ׹ȴɱŭĴǰ˻ߵ
ˡҪˡЩҳӣҵ
һ˲䣬ֱֱȥ
ʧɫ󺰣
£ˣ촫ҽ


120 
²˳ ¼ӵ۵ٳôƫһֱóҽзҽһԺš
ʱҽһֱʩȡسҲͷţ ȵƽ͸ϽΧȥ
ҽɫЩء
˵ӵǰӱͻģ һĳܴȻʱʩŽ⣬ȴҲɸˡ
ЩܳΪˣ ƫ̱ ʧóɵ΢ЩҲܿб ֫ʧ
ɫЩ΢ з֢״Ҷţ һ֮ǳǷǳǵġ
ʵ۱Ͼǻʵۣ ı Ҳû˭˵ʲô
ҪԼ
ӵѲ˵һ˱Ƣ꣬粻Щ󳼾ͺ׶þ̣ ֪ﴥŭ˻ʵ۾ͱԴܡ
ȻЩҲ̫磬 Ŀǰȷӵ۵׻ʲô֢
˲ ӵۻ
ζ˵ȫԵһ⣬ һ ȴѲ
뵽ҽ˵ĿܳΪ˵ϣ ȿ־ֲʡ
ľôȥ˭пӡ
ôĹͰǰѱû֮ĴǾۼŹӭ뾩λ
һ뾩ԲѵȵۣȻҲûлŵıҪ
䭹˽ҽĥɱҲΪһѾȵĿ
Լߵ׸ĵز
˼죬ڻָʶ
Ȼʱ򣬲ŷұߵĸ첲ȫûұߵĸ첲֧壬ֱӵȥ
ҽһ飬Ŷ϶Ժұߵĸ첲ˡ
˶ǹֵģӵҲ⡣ַˣҲ˵Ժָۣ
β޵֣ҪȫԴ
ӵص
ҽֻÿ취ָֻʱȴȷ
ȻʹָܻҲһһϦ£ӵÿôŬҲ޷֣һָͷ̧д֣鱩꣬ߵʱ
ûκ˸֣Ҷ࿴һۡ
žԼѾ׵޷Ϊ㲶ϵĲݣ䭽Ŷʮ꣬ǿ׳ĺ껪Խ
ǹ꣬ȴžûһȫһŵƽף꣬ټĹûһϲûա
ӵ۵飬ֱ죬Ųź
ҲûãһȦԵԽǼӵٲãҲ̶
˶ֻĪһһֵᡣ
ûûо£ûй죬ֻĶĵǺۡ
һ̣ӵٴһձܷĸо
׸ƽʹع
̲Ҫ£޵ַˣҲǻŬʶ

ʱ˿Щ£ȥˣİŮӺͺӸôءڸûԼȴۼӵļɵӣԺΰ
Ŀ⿴
űһܡ
ᣬżӵ۵֣ѩ׵ֽдһɱ֡
дּԶǰˣƽֱЩѣȴ
ȻǰÿȴɺǰһɱǧˡɴȨգֻҪԼ⣬㲢Ϊֻд𡣡
ӵ΢΢һ
ֵ
¶ǰ˵һ仰Ҿúе˵ʷʤдġ
ֻҪغ壬þõϣͱȻеƽһһ졣ʱúʷôдʷôд֮£Щϰƽյ˵ʲôʲôҪأô˵Ҳǲ췴ġ
ӵ۶ʱȻʡ
֪ʲôʱƺͱˡ
ǰΪǸϵλãʲô
ڻܾ֮ѹȴɿЦԣ뾡취ӮݻʺģݼҽŮ޸ֶЩȨļ෬ãһ
ӽЩ˵ʱٷ⣬ߣٺΣͨͨµİ׹ǣȴ˴Ȩĵ
Ҳһ
ȫΪһЩϵĿԼ塣˵ߣѵ췴
Ȼ췴ʲôӰء
䭵ĹôҫۣܹҲλڼ䷢ģֻҪܲ䭣ںУ⸴ʧأ˱ͥģʵۡ
ȫûҪΪһʱȥⳤ̣Լɸصˡ
һȰȫͨˣʰ¡
Ȼȴˣϵ۵ĶˣҲܿжϲġ
Լӵ۲ĲֻǰգԼ²㿿ٺ»ԷͨԱȣĲҲڷС
ǩ̸ԼӵۼͿ˹⻹˽⣬͢ţôԱ;УĩβĸȻǲٷˡ
ײԱͳһ㣬ΪźͿ˼ҵףպòײſϽʿȱֵһʴ㣬ܵϹ١
ЩӴĴѹեչΰյҲ˵һʵʵ£ΪԼṵܻ̂ߵģ߱ˮŵģɾָֻų͢ٺ»ʹ͹ˡ
͢ŵĴƽյٺռһ룬ĩʹռһġ
ԭѮڴ̸̺͢Ҳڲҷַʹͣ˶ΪĩȹҪİɡ
˭ֵ֪ҵȶûз˼һͷȥͶᷢˡ
͵ȫֱһ룬ұӦ࣬ӹòԣ궼ǽǮһͣȫ׽
˽¶Լӵʵ۵ĺ̸ǲ
̸ĺôûδ¶Ҫۿȴʵڵġ
ؼǣ̸ǿԱġ
ƫƫӵ۾΢༸춼زס͸Ͷ˽
ͷ˲ٺ»ʹȻνģȴ˴ܲԹʵ۵ܡ
Ȼ췴ʮ겻ɡЩ˹ԱڴʱĲʵʲôʵԵӰ졣
ģھС
ӽ߹ؾöǱ˿۵ġ
ĩ߾ǱƾؽķʹͣȴмʮĵһĵʻǮΪ͵ġ
ȻҪһأԽʿ˵ȴǼο塣
ɽ꣬ͷȴ˵ΪԽ;Ͳˡ˵º͹еǶöȣȫҲҪʳ볯͢һͬѹء
ʱøվһսĽʿըˡ
Կʱ򣬽ͷ˵ô࣬ʹ;ˣϾûʤ̣ȴҪǽеһζᣬü˵궼ˡ
˭ܲ
ȥûǮͣ᲻öʼ
붫ֺһҪ˶ǮǿǧһĹ붼δôࡣ궼ȻȫԽǴͷüǱȻ
Ľۣ΢еͷеʶ˶ܷó˱̲סˣ
ǵԴ˩ڿϸ͢õֵǮӶԲ⻹ƨı
˰̾Ȱ
û취˭ǵ·Ͷ˾أҲûáȫ£ĸĲôֻ࣬
ȴ̷
˭˵ܿģ㿴˼µıһ㶼ࡣ
һ˶ʱԽƽ
µıʲôӣڽйΪһֱĽŵġ
̲ס߶ЩĽĴãٶԣ·иսĸȵȡ
ȴЩϢͨص
ǶϻˣǵĿ˵ĴǰҪáЩ˵ʿŵȥˣǰ˲иһֱţһݹǮҲɡ
Ҫ٣Ǻͷȥ˳Ҳǹ٣¹źܶˡ
ԣڳֵصʱҲ˵ˣܶмҾҲ˹ϱİϱȥûϱİȥȫֱֶһݹǮ
̩Ŀ˵µıǮˡǳ˾ÿδʤ̻õٵǮԺܶ˶ȥǱ⡣
±֪ͥҪɻٽƱʱܿµʿǡ
꣬µʿõֵĶȻ
һԱȣԵֿտյǸˡ
Ҫǵȥ˱öáĻӪȫǽġ
˭˵أЩ˵ǵȥĻӪȫˡҲǸӳЩ˵˶ͷӪָʹȫһǧϣˣ
ֻһ̸еĽ紺Ұݰ賤
ıãܴʤ̣Ӣۣھȡ
ʲô취ȥͶöãռ±֣Ҫʱ򰡡
˼ģЩûмҵĵǣȴѾ뵽˰취
ھȥͶǲףһþͻᱻӱץ
ɽ͢Ҫȥɽôȥ˺ܶ࣬ȥͱˡ
ȵɽأ߲˶Զܽ뱱ֲԭʱ򲻾ȥͶ
ղǰɽصرࡣ
ڶʿǣȴȫ׼ŷҪ·ִ


121 
ڴǰ ľֲͼѾȰʮС˳䭡
ЩҪֲڱͥԱķԲһǧﷶΧڡ
ЩطԽ䣬ϱߣǿϣ Сռݡ
ȻЩԭҲǶͼһСһʼ ܶ˶ԸͼȰ֮䭹˱ͥҲûͶ
Ͼ ԭˣ 壬֮£ȻǸԸԼ˵ͳεġ
Ҫǣ ͥȻ ȴд־ڴսߣ 췵رֲԭЩҪϾɱϳ͡
ͥС䣬  Ǹɴѡ˹˳ȴѡ˹
ЩС䲻ʶôҪҪЩȥѵһ
鼳Щż
ǹ±ͥϢǣǱߵٶѡˣ ֵ˶ɢɳҿԲ⣬֣ ȴǲò
ʱ⼸乴ֳ˵ һ𷴹ͥ ȻǴ鷳
Ǳִǰ ЩС䣬 ı
ȴɫȻƺһ㶼Ϊż
ʱȣҪЩùȰϺͲ
ϺͲͥ˿ڶ࣬ͥĻϼأūԼʮˣ䲿غبϱٶٶиˮݷµʵǿһ
Ѿ˴С䣬֮ظǧǰͥϡ֮⣬ȹ˳ľֲ䣬Ҳͼ֮Ӵǧǰͥ
ˣһǧ˵
һͬϺͲ䣬ɺܶࡣ
ϳ֮ǰҪģǸԼҵľӵ˼
ף˲ǴĵˣҲһֽΪսսѡ
ΪˣרټȫʿһϢ
һʼʿȻʶЩܵġ
ǶԣǵˣѪɹ˹һɱЩˣΪѾܿˣô˳Ϊǲսսʿ
ǱԹһ˰ԭ
ǲԭϵƣֲԭҪֻռͥһƬԼ൱ڴһأ⣬ֲԭϻдССʮ䡣
뱱ҹϵеĴ䣬ܵѹС䡣
ӵһʮūƽʮС䣬Ҳ
ǾıҸģ֮Ȼһս
ƾҾ񲻵ıλʿΪô򣿡
⻰ʵнʿ˳Ĭ
̫ˣףҲһа١
ֵ
ԱΪַǽ֮
ǣǵİպӦĺҲ̣ԣռƬԭҲȻҪΪǷṩҪ̡
ǲܽеȫϾɱ
֮УҲ˶ԭĶͽСǱЮȳ˳ġʵҲܴѹ
ԶԸ˳ˣҪƶԴתЧԭ
ЩⲻϹ˳ģҪõѱ
񣬶£һЩСˣһʵ׳󼺷ʵֻԽԽѡվһǲܸҲι̵ռݱֵȫء
һݽ֮ʿǵųûôˡ
˽»ɳ̻˸һ
Щô˵̻Щȴǿ˵ġ
ʿһսôܼټʡ
ڲԭϣҰս޷ģζűܶʡ
ûʿ˵Ľȫǵͬۡ
ˣԼͬ۵ȥģɵӶ֪ôѡ
˼˼빤˱㶼˼ʿһսʵ
˼ʿʱĸһǧҲͥ
ʿڳ⣬ųǽµĵǵݼ䭡
һΣڱӼ󳼵Ӵǵġ
ЩСҲڴ˴
߽̻Ի͵ıֳֳжվŵģǴŴװʿݡ
ıֺıϣŵŰצӡȻᣬȴĿ˿ԭϵһֺ
ȻͬĹᣬʾԭĻޱʶѾˡ
μ
˶óݿɺڣϥأȭǰʾ˾⡣
䭺⼸˹˳̬ȣѵôһױһǰȥӼЩ벿һͬǰʿǡ
Щ˶ģۼڳѹѹһˡ
ǲʿͲ̫ãȴãѾЩꡣ
Լڳڳǽϣų
վڳǽϣɨЩģȻóݷǹһǹһһ׵ľ룬㰤еġ
ݷǹıίʵСµʿǣδĶסˣԼı˲ϡ
Ƕ廰
ǵѾ˵ӴǵĲ䶼˳ڱԣҪǼסӽֻһˣǾǱ䭣
űǽɺ˰һϽճʾǵĹ˳֮⣬Ժÿ궼ֻҪɵ˰ÿһĵͷ˰
۷棬Ҳֻ·ˮʱÿҳһʮ죬֮ʱ䣬Ĺٸм֧Ǯ޹
⻰ʱõµʿǽͷӶ
˵ʵ̫ˡ
ǰŲʱǼҪճɣҪɺÿţժĹֻܱһ롣ȴֱٽһϵĸ˰
ң˵Ժ޹ɱȾöˣ
֮⣬ҪǸõͥϺͲ䣬ˮݷкʺϷֻҪЭԺǴżǰס
ÿɱһϺͲıֻ򣡡
ЩֱӴӲǾ׵һƲˡ
棬ȻҲҪдӳֲܴﵽõЧ
䭼
ĵã˵ұѣɱ⣬Щͥǵ³ǵĽ
˵ţҳԱֱӿԴȻѪԴڳǽϡ
ʱŵøһ
˶ǵĲԱҲһ仰˵
Ͼǿʹ˱ͥҪǸ׾ٵģܱסһƲѾǲˣﻹ
µʿǣȴǸ
ܴ˵ģԶص档
ĽǿΪǿ˱ܲ衣
ܹռͥնɱҹɱԭĲǿٱ
һһԽõµʿĳֻøԭٺò
˰ǰ٣ܷƣˮݸӷĵ̣ЩĲ޷ǵġ
ûɲЧ
ԭʦϣ䭱ǧפͥȫϸϺͲ䡣
ϺͲȫû뵽Ȼԭùǰֱӱ˸ֲ
ԭϵĳǳأ˱ͥǳصĳǽ϶ʯͷɵģϺͲҲһ
ԭ˱յͶʯûбĶвǵĳǽ
׵ĺը£Щǽһ֮󣬱ֱӿǽϵص׳Ҳ
ͻƳǣδȫӾ˳˵Ŀֻš
б֯׳꣬ԭƽ񣬴δϹսһţܶ඼ʧȥ˶־ټⷽڣ־ȻıȴҲǱɽ
ֻܶܣҲвռľӣ˫ҽսһ󣬷²Է׳ˣһˣ䭱㳹ϺͲķ
ϺͲ׳һ뱻ȥЩȫְҵֻڲԭæµļаæ֮ⲿ׳ǳͷβҲɱɱ²ķ²
ʣµĶʮˣȫ棬࣬ȴûʲô־
ˣ䭱㳹׵ռϺͲ䡣
˽Ϣ֪Щ䣬˵ʱ俼ǣԸ˳ÿǧڱͥһϣһͬߵĴ䣬ұжܡ
һһǵĳǳء
ͨһ£˵ŹϺͲļ䣬ԷֵϺͲĲԭЩСǶʱסˡ
ʵǿϺͲ䣬Ҳһʱ㱻ݣЩСξ𹥷
ĿǰҪ༸ʵǲҪǵеκμȴ練ơֻϺͲһ³
Ǹ䣬Ǿζԭϴư
˼ԣЧЩˣԵˮݷĵȥ
˵øͼ˵ҪǽһĲƲϹְǶ˰Ȩû˵ǼԼĲ䰡
ֻҪܼԼĲ䣬ʵҲ
һڶСǶʱ¶˾ģǰͺ̵شǰ˳ˡ
ȴϢڼ䣬Ҳ½ӵʷһʿıš
ǰϢ
һԾǵıʡ
Ȼûƣȴ뱻ûκβ𣬼ӵָһǧء
ԭ򣬾Ϊǵĳǽ⣬УܱܳͶʯĹԲͻᱻƳǳء
ֱʱ䭲׼ӵ۵̫֮λ꣬Ԯǵԭ
ò˵ٷḻҲû뵽ǻ¡
ȫû뵽Ǿʮ춼ֲסĳԮһϣ
ӵЩ̹棬ȻȻֱӳԮǣȴһ˸ȥͨġ
˵ЩûãѾˣҲˡ
ΨһģǽЩƱ
鼳һҲĿࣺ
⻹ǾأȻֻƵҲܷ
ϰ˿µһʱ侹Щ˼
̾꣬עתƵЩͷϧ
ôƱǰװ׸ӣʹܲܡ
û˵꣬䭾͹ϵظ𰸣
ܡ
ǰ鼳ҭסˣԽǿɵ鱨ӪˣѵЩ㶵ذһ
䭼״¶һ˿Ц⣺
ҪִزƱֻ˳Ϊ֮
ûһ£ִҲǱȻҪġ
һֱռһ֪ҰĲ
ֱͽѱߵǼ乴֣з
ֵĴڣ綼в
ôлնһֻ۰;ƽ
οǻôƱ
ͭͨûңЩǮȫ򱱱ߵɳߵĲ˹ʣбȫλ׳Լ
ֻܸᡣ
鼳
ԭΪæʰ־ڲо֣ǲֵġ
ǰļȸУҲֲֹᣬûҪִ
¶Ŷƶɣ
Ϊˣִʱǵķ͵ġ
ִᵣģ£ֲԭܻڳԸǣԲԹƾõ࣬ȴѡ뿪
ʱϵ̫ˡ
ԣִľ͵ġ
ǲҪߵıֲηֵó
ԼҿǰЩСİţ鼳̾ϲصɴ۾ԡ۷
ص˵ͷ
鼳˸˷ܵ⣺
ȥִ̽о·ߡ
䭵
ϺͲһ·ȥ̽ˡ̫䣬Ǵ󲿶о߸ĵطңϲǱضϺͳǲ
ԭдò̫ĻƽģǾֻͭǮͱĵȼ֣˱ζţֺͶִ÷ֳܶıһ
͵վ޵ģȡᣬڲƱݵռطвֵǮȻǿġ
ΪЩȫ·ϵıֲв
Դʱκһ˵ǿ޷ֿģֻҪٳ£ĸҲԹӭִϢء
⻰鼳Щ⡣
˼ǣҪϺͳһǲϺͳǸΣ
ʱսǰȻҲûҪٶӣϸؽ˼·͸
ǱҪƺƴ󹥴߼Եɡ
·Ͽܲв㣬ִεɽ᲻ѡĲ佫һԲ𣿸οҪĲֻǾ裬Ҫ
Ϊܰȫͨ˫սִһľӣεɽȻϺͳǡ
鼳ʱȻѹֿʹϺͲ䣬ԭһжΪҪִ׼
һʮĹʵ˲ѡ
¿ɵúαװһεɽȻ޷ײУ
ȫԼ˼
ȥɡ
ʵ֤ʷ˴ӶͻϢȫӡ֤䭵Ԥ⣬εɽȷʵֱֱϺͲ
ڼ䣬ߵСǣ˷ԴԴϵشžͥ㼯
εɽĳϹʱ򣬸պþײһش鱨Ȼæػȥεɽ㱨
εɽ꣬ӳ˼ãд˷ŸϺͲ죬ֽϺͲС
дΪľҪʱǹһϺͲ̳ＯǱ㽫ȡߣʱи㣬򿪶ǹ˳ȡ߾
ʼԷǷ֪ߵ˵ݺߵĲ䣬ضҪʰߣǴ˿̾ͳִһΧ¾ӡ
ȻδضҪصҪֽϺͲУȷвû䡣
Ŵ󲿶ӣǧĳزƱоĳɱٶȴһڶյϺͲĻţԷȻͬҪ󣬲˵ҪǿԮֿһͬ԰ǡ
Ҳ˵һֻ߰ңһȴ˵Ϊ˷ǱҪŸĵشճǵʱսǣ
ңҲϺͲ죬жǱˣ쳣
õĴ𸴣պεɽϺͲĴ·ĵشŴ󲿶ӽ˳ǡ
ȻƱģΪ˽ûдƱǣһڳѺͲƱ׹ƳǶУǴѾ׷ȥ
ֻôҲû뵽쳣˾ȻȫǺֱӹ˳š
ӭǵģǴ˷ļꡣ
޷£ʿʱ˼֮С
εɽһⷿȫķǱʿ磬ԥس乭䡣
ױӦ˸񵲣εɽǿӹһ١
һƬæУϺͲ챧ͷӴܣεɽһѾסݺʵ
ʲô˵
ϺͲʱɥ
ҡҲǹҪ㣬ҵġɱҡ
Ǹ֪ʽж£ԶľҲܽԴǸ¶κ̾ȡˣˣ
֣εɽˡ
Ȼķ


122 
쳷Ӷų
εɽ
Ȼ̾𵶣 ϺͲĲӿȥ
ͻΧǰҪվĹ
Ȼĵû ֻصһ죬һǦüġεɽһ£ ֪ظоƺʹѪܿƵȥ
ѪҺģ˵ Զǻѩķϣ վһͦεӰףŰɫ磬 һ˲֪ һԶԶ
صһ죬 һǦӣεɽʧȥʶ
ʧȥ˧ʿʱ
ˣͻΧ
εɽߵĸӹ죬 ˻ߵغš
˵ʿĹǣ ׷׵ͷͻΧ
ǲŸոսŲãͻΧ·ߡ
ֻг˳ǣ㹻Ļռ䣬ǲܷĻƣ ޶ɱл
òײŰսǣôܸĻᡣױнӹѾװõݷǹ ٴһǹ˷ʩĸ Ȼ
ף Ͷ䣡
ſڿηͶ
ʱ ηϣ ѩһʿ̽ͷѾڻ˵óȼӳȥ
ըľʱ˷𣬽žǾ˻ҽС
׵Ĺ赲ȥ·־Ӹ޷ͻΧֻܱڳϵĹҼ
䭳ԼҵĹ֣Ǽ岿ڶ⣬һ㶼᲻óԼͨڲԭϴʳԻ϶ĺ֡
䭴˴δײ࣬ҪϱߵľڳѺ׽в䣬ɹȴǼΪ档ͥļ֧Ͳ٣ϺͲҲɻ˺ܶ࣬ʹȫۡ
ôõĹ֣ȻҪ
˾Ӹ£ռ˽սĸߵأгĻѹƣõµ˸ûл֮ʱ˾Ѿ˴롣
ֱ˽ֵߵķ˫˼ҵս
˵ûһʼɣֱѾʧȥָӵ޷֯ɹģĵֻֿܸΪǲҰܡ
ȻջһСͻΧȥˣȴѾ޹ش֡
鼳ųڴüҵսЩż
Ʊڳ⣬ǵÿЩȥ׷
䭹һս
ٹһʱټȥ׷
εɽеĶԿǰѲƱ˳⡣ôණֻܿųߣѩȣ߲˶೤ʱ͵ϵѩʱʱҪ̧ݵĳ֣ٶȸ첻
Ҳõ׷ˣô೵ӡԡ
ˣʣµһ˱㲻Ϊ壬͵ĲƱҲȻ֮
*
εɽڳһˣ丱ͼ죬ʱŴƱѺź׹ͨϺͲ⡣
еʿĽЩǵۣͬ
ЩһˣԵúסúã˵Ů˿˯
԰ֲѺͶúϢ죬ܿܿˣ
Ҳ˻⣺Ҳû취£ǰͷ˵ӲҪ򣬱ҪһܺúһΣ㾫񡣡
ҲǽǵҪԭ
ͼǵ̸
ҴȰѶѺͻغеǺôʱôϢôϢ
˵ţͻȻڴöľ졣
ʲô
δŹǲͣס˽Ų
ңǴӳڴ˲ⵣ
ͼ̽˳ȥŲ鿴
Ϊǻû߶Զܿ˸أȻ󾪻ŵ
ŹرˣԶɱƺڽսͷкƮԶŵõζ
սֻһԣǾǵ
ȫ벻ףѣôǡ
ֻſôղŵľ졭
ͼǰǧиϸǵĸ뱱ִй൱һʱĽӴŷɥҲ˽⡣
ᷢ޴ð̵ģô
ԣǵ⵽ķϺͲ䣬ܿͶ
뵽ѩͼĺȴð亹
и˿Щȫ·;׼ͣЪ
óǸµĽۣͼ̺ԥȫ·
ףݳУҲܹȥȣΪձֵľ飬سǷЧֻȹǸãȥҲǰװ
ֻܲܳʱȫ·ٰܿȫͨռݵĵ̡
Ϊ˼ӿٶȣ󲿷װͭǮȫѩϵŲЩճĳϣԼÿأٶȡ
֮£ͭǮļֵ͵ģֻһͭǮ
صӱӵѩĶĿ
򿪳һ㷢ЩʿѳϵӡЩǴֵս
ǸʲôͷɶǮ
Ȳ⣬Щż
ôЩ죬Ѿȫת̬
ڻʹﱻǰ̬סϺ׵ʱбԹޡ
ܵĹң˰̣ȻҪһ޹Ůȥ
Լôı˵ܵܺ͸ףΪһ֮˽顣
ҲޣΪһĸףΪŽָӵе氮ŮǣȻŮȥס
ͽ־ӪҲܲá
ֵĽһ㶼˸˰󣬾˰ھв׼롣
ÿֻӲαˮⶼûóԡ䣬˶ǽҲֻ֮ӸƤӡ
·;иһ㶼չϴˮҲ
ˣЩӵӺζ
ӵ̨ϣֻһսܵĵйһսƷѡ
˸޸ЩĴҲǸ˵ĽԼһʡ
Щۿ˵͵ĶǸ֪ͼж顣֣һҪͼúóǣ
أȻһʼȥͼڴ㵽ˡ
žŰС˵һͼŭľܻ飬ȴҲĵ˺
ôûͨǵҪ׾֪ж顣
ݸڣǣͼģֻҪ΢ңҪ»ýʳȻ׾ٵġ
ߣͼ
ĿǰǸֵģͼλˣ˵ٴδǡʱҪüӵ۵˹ǰϴ
ôţͼò檣ҲͼҲûôԽˣһ·룬Ҫܿٺͼҡ
̬ˣٿЩ͸ԼǮһЩԥذǮڵϣʹż
ۼЩİǮѩ׼뿪סˣԱ߻ʿøȻͼߣָ
ڸʲôôǮ˵Ӿӣ
ͼΪǲ죬ǶԭģԶʱĵؿһۣ
ôҪ㽻
ȴǿӲ
ҪǲһĽͣҾ͸ͼǹЩǮ
㣡
ͼݺݵصһۣȴû磬ҲϸԭֻǿӲطԸ̰Ѻͻ
ǿŤͻֻǰЩǮӶڵȥ̣Щ˺þöû
ͻȻһƥɱܵǰͷ򸱽ͼʲô
Ȼ˵ʲôܸоķΧһӱý
ţͼʲôݳʿ׷׿ʼﵽϣŲƱݵĳһߣ󷽣ڶʿ׷׽˹ϣһʱ׼ӭеģ
빫ǰУ
жԭʿǰ
ʲôˣ
ò״һԽͨʿϽûѯʵ
Ȼʿشص
³
ͷıѩأȻǺųģҲҪô䣡
ҪǱ綳ʱôȥͼ
Ȼʱ˵ҪҪʿֱӽȫǿаŵһƥϣǸԭҲһ޾ƥǰ
ִߣ
ūţȥȥ
ʿ쬵в
ˤʵ㣡
ҲǺܻģȻ״ӿٱܵϵȥжΣգȫǷУɲԼЦʱ㰲ȴǲ׵ظܡ
ҪҲҲԣҵ׷ʲôˣȻƴˤҲ㰲
ʿԼİû취ˣֻõ
е׷ˡ
ʱ˿̵Ȼе׷ˣ֪Ϣٽʣ
˭
ʿԥһ²ŵ
Ǵ
Ϊ׷˲ŶЩƱܵģȵЩ
ʿˬص
ʲôܣֻΪ˱ѣЩȣȻʿǵҪ
¶Էϳϣɻﻰ͸¶˼˶䭵η塣ֵͻȫûĸо
ԣΪôƱ
ȫţֻеһڻңȻ˵ز͵սʿӡ
Ѿȫ߸֪еľѹˡ
ʲôϵЩˣǵùŸء
䭾ȻչôãΪУܲ
ôţʿľͷ
ܣصӪǰҾͻɱ㣡
λ˵ǸͷȴϵøǵŴغ
ԣԥص
ĺˣҾԲܣܿЩǾԲܱ׷ϣ
䭵Ϊ߹׵Ǻʧ˳裬֪ҪĥءûôɵͶ
˺һִʾǰȥȻûãɱ
Щֻţǲһ˵𣿡
׷кܶˣǷһ׷ǣ
תͷȻһ˻ɫ׷ӭչЩŰɫ׷ִɱһ
ʿڶԷĵ¡
ͷһսôŵȶˣֻܴߴŴϿߡ
Ȼⷽǳ֪ͼ˸ʲôֻǰͷЩϰһֲƱӵʿ׷׿˰ӵӣԱƥĸȻͣЪؼǰܡ
Ҳ֪˶ãֱܲˣǲŽѩͣ
ȫˣû׷
ʿ˿
ҲŷʿһϢ
ȻϸһʱЩһû
ѩϣܵûðϢŵʿһƬÿһƥϣǿտҲһװƱľҲûˣ
ֵһû£
Ӿǳֻʣһǧˡ


123 
ȳսӽβʱ ų˰ǧԼµԭʿǧʿֱӴϺͲĶŷɱ ǰȥ׷Ѻ֧ӡ
أǾͿͬĳӡ
ĪǱ·ˣ
ױɻص
תߵСϷ Ȼ䭵۾ϸز쿴һЩӡϵָ
ߣ
һ˲ǰ׷ȥ Ȼǹ˰ʱ ·Ͽ˺ܶ౻µľӣţбţ Ŵķ
 Ƕ˺öಹ
ױ˷ܵص
ĴʿҲͬ˷ܡ
 鳭ͥģ棬 ҲμǵþвȡսƷľͣ ûǱϾö
Щʿȴһôľ䣬;ͷװĺö ܵؾҪȥ
䭼״΢΢ۣ ѾװݷǹͳϿһǹ
صһʱ˶ķ
˪ Ȼǳ
˵ ȡսǵľͺڣ
һ֧ӣ Ҫľһļɣ κջ֮£ûȻ
һöȥȥΪһյˡ͸սнֹɱˡ
µԭʿôʱѵⷽ浹ǺԾˣЩ±ȴȻû־
ŭʿϽ˶صȥ
ŵ
ǳһΣ´ΣһǹͻǵԴϣ
Ķóĺ֣ǰڳнսʱѾʶλԭЩʤԭսжǿ
Ĵŭλԭ³»ЩѾ촦ʿһ

ҪǵľͣȻҲһʱɵģѾηͷӣ䭱
ȫǰȼеˣٻս񡣡
ǣһ㶪صĲƱӣ׷ִȥˡ
׷ִľӣ˼ҵĽս
׸õо󣬺ܿռϷ磬Ȼֳһ֧ǧ˵Ķǰ׷
Ȼ׷ǰͷ㷢֣ǰ滹һ־ӣϻһľ΢СЩľ䡣ЩǸҲصĲƱ
廰ǺǵĲѾȫͶ
ЩȻͶȴǻ񣬷
ֻĵûɱģͷһһ׼
Խأǰ˾ԽֻţΪ˼ĸأæؿϵӡ
䭼ѾɱòˣҲȫ£Ե׷һ˻£õսױսǼÿʿɱ
æ꣬õսŷսƷ߻ǰսĵطʱǰͷսҲѾ䭹ȥʱҲʰˡ
鼳㱨
еֵоѾȫ𣡡
صͷ
ܺãǱ̻Ϻͳǣ
·ϿҲкЩսҪռ񣬵ץʱ䣬ñѩ˲ҡ
ǣ
һ£鼳زƱսĶϺͲȥ
һ·߱߼Щִµľ䣬ֳܿЩװˡ
û취սޣڶսƷʱ򣬿ػٻ˲ٵĳ㵼µ䳵ȫá
ҿֶлһܿµĳǳϲûװٶ
ͷǺ
鼳һԴЩص
ؿݣµľжӾ˹ûȥ鿴Ƿ񰲺áȥɸղæʰսæˡ
ֲǿһĸͬãЩÿȥףˣҪ鼳ǲܵġ
ңǰھͼְֽߣ˭֪ԷȺ᲻ҪҪǵġǹἸľӡ
˲֪һͷȫǻʵ۱¸ֵֵܹһǧأһҪʧöǮ᲻ã
ˡ
û鼳Ե˼ֻǹ˼ΪŮŲȥġΪֳȴûǵġ
ˣ䭵ӡһʼͲ̫ãǹ߹ü꣬ȴﰵشѹ߹Щ졣
˵ΪһлԼı߽֮ӣӱһδޣӡ͸ˡ
ӡٲԷϾһŮӣָվһѪȵսȫ
˵徫ҲȥǷ񰲺á
ȻǣбԼ¡
ؾǣǿ˻ͣؾһǮ御
ţ䭴ԣ˴š
ȻһɪɪСŮûˡ
ϳŮʵ
ҹأ
ǹŮȴŵùǺ߶µ
һ뿪ˡ
鼳Щɵۣ
ˡǰ֪ͷ
ȻԥȰ˵СȥˣҪȥ׷Ҳǲס
ǿôʱ䣬ܳһȥˣããԭģҪٷɢܣ֪׷ȥ
ң׷ˣҲҪСĴ۲ܰ
ԣĪ׷һ棬Ϊ·ʱǿƵĵֻ᲻һеܣֽȴƸ۵ȫ
׷ˣҪ𽵷ЩֱǵʿҲҪͬС
۸˹׺ͼֵֵáң⻹Щ߹ȥ׵ס
ҪÿôȥﲻԸ⡣
ϵСŮȴ֪뵽ʲôһͷԵúǻ֣̿
ūŮȴδһ𼷶߹
䭱Ҳûȥ׷
һʱôδ׷ϣһ棬У治ʿ
˳־˿ԣҪȥȻҪôˣǾܵġ
СŮķӦѾȴ˿־壬ΪӰУΪбҪù
ˣȻ¡
鼳ЩǵĿ⣬
ȥ׷ֱӷ̡
ǣ
鼳ʱû
µװľ䣬ʹõףʵǲ٣ټϳҲвٵľ䣬䭵ˣֱ춼ˣŽжϺͳǵĿⷿݴ档
ս˴ʿǴѾȥЪϢ鼳ȴش˲䭣
Щǲӿ𣿡
һǧĵȼһսջ˷鼳ʶ㣬ҲԵץӷεԿ
һսȫʤҲ鼫ãǲһµĺġ
˴żŵùױһⷿȻ˼ӵ
ֻ֮£һһ鱦ʯɺ˸Ĺ˿Ȳƥʣһⱦ
δͷɻиࡣ
鼳߹ȥеֿǸһĺӣ˿ֵ̿һԵõߵС
̰ƣϾΪ鱨Ӫˣÿδ³ǳضٲĺͣ͵ʱ򣬳˶ʿǽнͣЩ߼ĽҲǷǳֱʵġ
ҲΪˣ߼ܵõཱܶͣŲðŵԴķȥ˽̰īսƷ
鼳һ̾͵õɵйսƷԿе˷ܡ
ſţ㷢һЩߣ
һԹ⣬һȴԱ˽⡭
ù˿µӡȷʵǲͬġ
һ˰ۺҲһǧңûôʱֿýȻҪӱ˽Գ͢Ĳ״һǿѱµ˽ⶼեˡ
鼳е˷΢΢ɫ
ԭͲµˡ
ղſǷۣҪ㱨˵ķ֣ȴû뵽ϵˡ
µ˼ǣ͢ûǮôǮǲǿԺúõһǾáͳ͢ľ˲࣬ɾͲû׳ǰͶˣ
Ȼе𣬵͢Խ϶ὥãǽŵĺʱôʱ˺ͣȻǲܴ


124 
䭵û뵽 鼳鱨ģͻȻⷽĽ顣
鱨֣Ժġ
쵼ģ Ҫʶ£ܱ˲Ŷϲġ
Ľ鼳һЩĶ µʣ
˼ʱǾãǶٺʣ
鼳ǰûô࣬ ˼һ 
Ȼ̾ǣǷôǮˣ ٶҪźá
˵뵽ƽʱʿǵĽǵȼģ չ״С ֺûõĶвСĲ࣬ ҲΪˣ µľӲŲԽģɱԽ
ӦԾͱΪƶǷȼԽã ԽǵԽࡣ
иֳһЩ֮⣬ Ȼѭѭյ
뷨ܲ һ⣬ ô ʿҾȻɹ ϵƷȴ޵ģֻǡ
鼳ʱסˣ
ͨյӱúѹ
ǰǲǵʱϱǻǺ֣ԭǵȵأ۴ǣҲͿǣʹϱ߹㹻ʳֹ涨ÿÿŰס˶
Ϊ鱨ˣ۴ǸͨմѣǺġ
ɣôǮŲҲ̫˷ˡĿǰƱҪЩԭġ
ʼվãʿսʿҲռ̫࣬Ȼͺ׳ӡ
ԣƱػԭб
ܹһ˿ڣ̫ũһûֿá
޵˿ڣҪе㹻ıƱݬ롣
˵ѵйϵҲܲɷ֡ͬĳɱ׳ı϶ЩСսҪǿ
ôǮţȴóãǽץӷΡ
ã뵽˰취
ǰһضЩƷٹ涨򡭡
䭼ץ취ȴǲһҲΪϵ˼άҪһʱ
ֱӸԼĴ𰸣
ѾҪٺķȥֻӪʿнϢȥȻиԴԴϵ
ԣò̾ǣӦ÷º󡣵Ϊ˹ʿȴǿ̹Ϣġ
¾ʿľãŵȱ⣬볯͢ȡͬһ׼
˵Ϊţ͢ʿҪúܶࡣ
˽ũҲΪ˺ܶأʱٸ죬൱µİգ붼õ˴ߡ
˵ҸжǶԱȳġ
ʿľãʼԣʵѾûôߵԽԡ
˵ҲͣճʳͨҪãÿҪѵɱжϣǱҪиߵı븶ԵȵġȻбͻúѣʿǶݵҫҲή͡
ȥ׵б˵Ϊ˳ڵѾվȽŸͨ˱Ѿˡ
ԣǾڱеġ
Ҳڹ滮£ֻΪȷͥľսûгķ
ʱ˵ǮȴҲʹã뾫ϸ㡣
Ǳһǧȫôϸˡ
鼳䭵Ļȴǰһ
취Ǹһһʯ񣬿̫Чˣ
񱱽һҲƽţƫЩʸû·
Ϣһȥ֪²ջǮܲ
ʱ䣬㹻ϢԼ·ͻֻҪˣΪǾҲǵȫˡ
ֻʿǲΪǾñÿԣ㣬ֲӰա
ͬʱطͶ׳꣬ҲΪ̶Ҫǰǵȵأеǰ
ǰʱӺ£ȴ˴ãò˵Ǳ˶վø߿Զ

ֹãɷó˰Ϊ
սֱե˻ʵ۵˽͹⣬ζΪάҵתȻռ˰
Ǳټսһ˰ֻԽѹĶû׬ǮҲʹø̶Ӻİʧȥ롣
ԣǮɸ˿ƷҲһ̶Ϸ
սƷܴ󷽵ֱӻӵۣȴñķʽӰһ´İˡ
Ȼ˵ЩҲΪԿ䣬£һЩùʶ
ԣֵǮһְȫý֮⣬ҪóȥҪܵٶԽ죬ļֵԽ󡣡
鼳¶˼顣
*
ǰ漸쳤;棬սһ죬ȫϢʱ䡣
ӪѲ߾⣬еڲеȺһйȡ
һΪʿڴսҪɣܸõػָ
ԾȻӪˣַʱ䣬ȴǲֹСĵġ
ɾ账ģÿ˵ƽոǺȵҾƣֻһ׾ƻƾƣȵǺѵģֻ΢֮á
ⷽ棬ҲȫݣÿһֵĶƣһ߲ܳʮǮгƵģʱԾٱһץͻÿ߶£Ҿʮ
ȻһЩƣо⣬С飬ʿϢʱúܿĵġ
һʿΧ֣ͷͬȴܽ˷ܵص
ҿȥʾˣ
˶ʱע
ʲôˣôһһէģӲʲô°
˵
ҪǾˣճĸʾȫһο˵ǼǣȻǾãۻƽձ֣ܹΪȣǴ繦δĵδΥ͵ģֱɣĵǷɣǾųɣڶʮɣһȿǷʮɡ
֮⣬ÿ¶еģ
⻰һʱ˲Ŀ
˻棿
ĸʾڸʾţӡأм٣
һʱҲˣҲˣһµʾȥ
һȥʾѾͷܶˮйͨ
˶˷ܵԼľá
£⣬ÿ¶߰ģ͵ȣֻɣҲǾŰٶˡ
οЩ̵ıܴ繦δٶЩѫģٶɡɱ΢ٶһģǾǾųɣֱͬӷ
ңͬȱ£ԽǵȼߵıǵľԽ࣬ܶеȱŵȱһǣǱܷǮࡣ
ǮʲôǰڼֵصʱһһҲͽǮ
ǿɾ൱ֱһ¾õǰ롣˵ٳ˸϶ʣô࣬ž˿İ
̫ڴˣһǮСүʱȥߣ
Ȼֻ߰ĵľã²ſأҺúñ֣ɱУ϶õϣ
ûҲҪȡϵȱõһȹ
Ͻٴ̣Ȳܹѫˣ
һнʾȫӪʿǻƣһɨգѪڣĦȭֻٴ̣սǰδеظ
ϢʹϺͲӪء
ſּʹӪЩͬǵ˷ϲþ١
ڵʿӪأֻһդ
Ϊ˫ͻߵʿʱ߶
ֵĳ棬Ǳߵע⡣
ǶЩսǿԭͺ棬һƺʲôϢϲأҲӺҪ̽
˭ԭȥǱ߷ʲôˣ
ʿܿҵһԭģ˹ܵդ߰صԭŵԭʵ
λ磬Ǳ߷ʲô˰ô֡
ԭʻ
ʾ˵ºҪǾãǵսܶ˵ľöܷ
˼׷ʣ
öǮ
ߵĻҸһʿ룬Ҳװɡºܷˣ
ڱֲԭϣƽʱʳɵĳףһЩҰ˺ƷżԿ磬ֻжʵûԵ˲ɱԼҵԭеĴףǶǹܾԵʳܹء
һµľףʿ˵ʵǷǳһʲƸˡ
ңԭɺǲһǺܶʱȥ̻ɻԴġֻ˹ĲŻʹ͡
ãȴÿ¶еġǵľǳסɾйԵúôҲá
ϺͲפԭһԺȣǿǿ۽硣
Ĵ׷ͷԣÿ컹ܺȵ̵ˮ˻ůҾơ
ÿ治ʿĽص
ԭɣص
˭ǿıءʿһֱôãʲô¶ǣ
ȻָԷһǵֱʿĽòС
ȥԼͬͬҲͬĽѡ
ԭʿǵ״ܿʿȺﴫ
۵ͬʱҲ̲סͬ
ԭĿɺ֮ǰ˵İɣԺҲ˵Ǻúô̵ĻԺûпܰҲճı
Ҫ֪ʵıֻǱʱģ̣õʹͣ͸øظˡ
ԭɺĴĺõĶǶЩԭһΪԭɺĳפ
ǣڶǰӪӲ죬һʿܳǰش
󺹣ΪЧңرͽִһͷţٲ
һͷһȺˣ׷һֱΪЧҡ
Щɻתͷѯ鼳
ô£
鼳Ϊ鱨Ӫĸˣ屾о֮ģȻûӪĶԵӪз˵һ顣
΢΢üԱǵսʵǺġ
˵ǱҪԭֵġ
ԭ̼Щʿѱǣû뵽һнʾŸ㶨ˡ
ˣȻ˵ʹǡ
ԸһֱЧܸˡʿҪϸ񣬲ʲô˶յġ
ţûµļҪ档
Էӣ粻踾ˣɧƽ񣬲ǮȾƵȵȣңճҪԭķʽвϸᱻ̭
ʿȻڴӦԽҪߣǱԽûɹ󣬷׷¶һҪָӺúñ֣
ˣ䭾ѱЩʿ
ʱ䲻̫ãҲûʱȥѵֻܵȴ˴γ˵
ѾգǱøϸͥȥĸˡ
СѾˡ
*
죬һ֧Ĵˣ
ͼΪɳĴЩһֱԸͥŰСְ
һֱûСȴžӲл㼯óеø
ЩСǣһʼǱη֮ǰ˳ģôͬ壬㽥ɵ˼˴ŽˣⱻȫҪ㹻ҲɵΪ£ǸǸô
ľ棬ѾȫͶĸͼЩвʱЩ˽´Ǿ漸䣬⼸æת
˵ʾǰɳ
ȥ֪ͨ죬׼ӭӿ
ûãӵ˵ѾڳӪפвǰȥ
ǻԭƢԣ˵˼죬ȴǱ湧˳ظ˳Ӫء
ȴû뵽ͷ˸ȫ֮ˡ
˳ӥǣһѱ־ԵïҵĳӣϺͲ찢ľ
ľô
̲ס𾪵ص
ö˶ΪľӦͱնˡ
ֻλʮư죬ŵˣ˹֣һȻص
ȻǸɺǰȥ棡
Ȼóհ̬ǳˣ
ɺǰôôûأϿɺ񣡡
˶ˡ⻹Ǹǿ׳İľ𣿼ֱǺһ߹
һ̣еԭ߰˰˵С˼Сƣȴʧһɶ
ԭϵˣʵġ
֮׵ϺͲ죬ǰѱģɼжηʵ
ЩС䣬һҲ򲻹һϺͲ䣬ʲôʸ
ʱͷıɱӺǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ԼǰСٿλƷϵˣжЩģ׷½Ƶ¹ΰݡ
μɺ
䭼״ľȥһ
ľʱݺݵ˿
ǰԭһֱûģò°ܽµľӹռͥҲΪͶȡɡ
ֱȫǵ׳ܹˣȫ֮£սɱǿع˳ǳأܣԼҲΪ˽ԭԭǲһġ
ǣۼִ֤ľһ֮ɱһɶһ֮⣬׾ٵȡλֽбҲ᲻κһ㷴˼
ǿĶ֣ûκʤ㣬ֻ·һ
֪ͥܶѾ£˼ȥ
Դȥಿ죬ϽŴǰܵǰʾԼĳЧ֮⣬ұ֤һãܻŸһͥǡ
ǶĶˡ


125 
аľһ֮׵ȱʾ ˼Сǣ̾ѱ˺ܶࡣ
ֿεɽ׼֪ѾϺͲ εɽʵڼȫ˸ŵóһ亹
 ʵǳ˱˵⣬ҲĴӴ
ȻȴǱ˵뷨
ϾĴŵǣ ǰæӦ ӮǶ䲿ȨͲƲỮָǸӹ
Ĵ仹˵ ǲǹ¾ս ִˣ Ǳܴһ֧սǿѡ
ôһ㣬治һǶ֡
һЩ˾ʹ㲫һ
һ ڶִ߰ɵˣ иƨѡ
ƾս²ǣĴҲǳ¡
Ĵȫ·һʲô ʵʵĴ䣬ôܱס һƲء
ˣ ȵ׼ú֣ܳ 䭼ûʲô ѹЩ˼Сǡ
շСǣ ҪģȻշЩʿǡ
գټ˳еʿһʦᡣݺ֮ǰĸС˵ģû̫
ǰ֮ÿС䶼ǧ׳һֵĿıڴˡ
Ҫ֪ȥǰֺǧ˼Ҫռǲʣ׳ķ֮
ʦᣬĸԸΪ̣Ϊ»
ЩСϲ˼죬ȴԭû̫
նֻʵڵĶģ˭ǹϺӣǱ˭졣²ĹһǹϺӵͳߣҲ췴
ͨգҪҲ˶ѡ
ڴʱЩͨɵ±Խ˰ߣ൱ÿ˼ǧֱߣԱ֤ǵݵÿÿ
ûʲôԼ׶ͳ˵߸Ųɡ
ˣʹԺ˼öЩ췴ܡȥĹߣҲ޷Ϣ߱һֽġ
һ˵ʮԼͬ壬ȴǰδеġ
ȴûʾ˸ǣɵѵ±
Ϊ˷սͳһָֻһ棬Ҫǣڵȴǵ֧Ԯ
˴δսȻ٣ԭʿˣֻࡣ
ĸİ˿ƴ۳սԱԴﵽʮҡ
ֻǧҵıͥϺͲ䣬һԲսҲ̫ˡ
Ҫֻܼʱ
ͼıʱȥ
ȴǱġ
Ȼȴڼ䣬ĴҪסǰǾ͸ˡسսɱҪס
Ȼ˰죬ĴҲû˼ǲҲżÿվƵ
ЩСı񣬴󶼹òԣ
ʿ˵µжú󣬲˶
۹Ķټ䭽ͲõѵֶΣ߰ʿľ;ݵһء
Ĳ˵Ƕˣ˷ʶòȻһ¡
һ죬ױУ˵ǱߣѾ츱ǧʿǧѺͥ⡣
Ͻǣ
¶ϲɫʿǼԼصʱ˧졣
ûã˷糾͵졣
һǧöףһöСȫ͵飡
˵ͬʱһֽ飬Ǵ»Ǳ߷ġ
ͷܵıŷΧж䣬ÿٸӱţԼӦÿһ׵ıŷΧ
дֱţȴ»дֱš
֣Ŀǰֻ»һˣ˸֪Щֵ˼ΪľǷ;˵ʧףйܡ
ΪϸĵִʩĿǰǲδֹ͵׵¡
䭽ӹŵ˼䣬ȷ󣬱˽Щˡ
Σ䭴ʱ˧һһѯʵ
˵ֱܷĶ飬Ӧûûˣϣȷϡ

ؿĻֹ³ǰѾ꿤Ǹıԭնʮ򣬷²ʿ壬ƽܼˡԭȫ˾ȼȴܳ˽һáĲɣӦѾƽȫˡ
ص˵ͷ
úܺá۹ͣضúýǡ
ٺһЦ䭱ߵϢ䭵
Ȼˣ븱ǵİȫ㽻ˣǺúЪϢ죬˳ס󷽡
ڳǧȥĴ䡣
Щźذһԭ뿤һĴأ
һƣ
·ô죬Ҫȥ̣Ϊ𣿡
ֻùԹ
ڶ죬䭱ƺƵسˡ
ƹͥߵɽ󣬱Ĵǲ
Ҳ׼䭱Ȼʹ׵ģ򹥷սԼڲǴڵһ⡣
ããԭҰϣ˫ӴĶ鶼Ǻ۵ģֻҪڶԷҰΧڣ㶼ᱻ˴˷֣˭û͵Ϯ
ڳֵоټʱ䭱е׼ףʱ׼ԶͶˡ
ǣƺƵıִһͶ䷶ΧڣߵʮͶʯ㿪ʼˡ
һڵоǰը޴ԭ·𶼸𶯡
зӪﱻըķѵѪɽúܸߣǰսܾʿˣʱ˲Сɧҡ
Щڳǰ͸ټʿ˵ˣܻףǺεΣۼЩ޾±ǲе־塣
ʶҪˣȴױǵı˻ȥ
ǰ壡ͳ˧ͼҧ
ԱִԣֻӴսʤϣ»кܶҲǰ塣
ִǰ棬ߵĻеȴ̧Ͷʯܣ˰ףѸͶһס
˫нٶȺܿ죬ֻͶΣ˫ʣµľֻʣ°ˡ
ʱ˫ֵĽ棬±Ĳڴʱǳԡ
ߵĶѸǰŽΪͬǵסѵأһһֿ롣
ĹһŽһţûκμ϶о±ܼļ꣬ȴҹֻæҵظ񵲣ܼļܵסһӴء
˫ֻʣʮ׵ʱ򣬱ֵͶϳȻõǾŶͶһű̽һš
СףΪ࣬ҲȻʿ˲Сš󷽣ӭͶʯͶĴף̼ǧƥֱܾײ
ȵ̱ӵʱִʧȥ򣬱ó˻ֻš
ƴɱʱ䭵һ飬ܵضԵоΧɱ±ҲΪ˸߶ʹͷɱУټϸղŵѹʿǣڼĹĵʮ͡
оȴȫ˾ģʿǵֿæҡټЩͶС׵ͶǣϵسоС׽ɧţĴĵоԽʧ·
ѹԵǰĴһ쳣أܼܿ˧òձ
ȻʱٳѾˣ˵ĺŽֻǼӵĹ̶ѡ
һνӴսһȫʤսܿ챻Ƶͥ¡
Ұս˲ң͸˵سսˡ
ĴҰˣϵضʧأ̶̶ʮ죬㱻䭵˱ɳı߾߸
֮ǰսʵ̫࣬Ĵֻʣıȫû˷ʵֻͬɥ֮ȮɳС
ˣ䭱㳹ͳһֲԭʵıֲԭ֮
֮ǰʮ죬±ϮͼڴŲಿӽ־ڡ
ͼڳǣΪ׹㱻ͽ˳


126 
 ͼʱڳެƽ
ǰִ˷ެƽսյεɽ˿ͻͥϢ ˵Ѿʵ۴ɺ̸ʵǩ˹飬 ެƽͳһø֣ս±ͣ
ͼǰ͵Ĺ飬 ˷ެƽġ
Ȼ˷˼˵ûյʥּ ϴެƽͼջ
̨˵˰ɡ
ոСԼеɻ
ͼšüͷ Ҳĵ⡣
ٳ£ ʵȻʲôԸӦ ҪǲҪ󷴻ҲǺпܵġ
Ͼֱ߾ǧ࣬ һ ͺвǣʱǴʵ۾㷴ڣֺҲκβǡ
Ϊֺش˳ͨǵͨѾرգ ֺٴζԴǳ
ҲΪ·˴β˽Ϣεɽ ҪǮƣ Ҫء
ȻͶԴԤϣ ķˣ Ǻŭ
ǿܣ ΣǿѾҪˡ
ͼߵһȺõСˣǲҲеıȡӦõĶ
Ѿεɽڷأ㽫ָȨҲ
ʱʦʮ򣬲´ެƽǡ
Ѿ˳ٵõެƽ⼸ߵأľӳ׸ϳԭռ˸ߵƣҲֺвˡ
죬ެƽǷԱֺҪս壬˳һҪެƽ
ͼ븱̸ӵͥϢ
̨м
ͼӹżչһİŭ
̫
ոɼⷴӦҲϽʵ
̨˺£
ͼҧгݵص
ֺã˿飬ڱϺͲɱʿˣ˴
ֻһǧӻأ
ոҲŴʧɫ
˵ʵҲûôʵǰŸεɽȣлᣬҲ뱱һֺв
ôҲû뵽ڱֶû£ֺش
Ҳζţִ˴ǧʲôûõ
򣬶ֺʵڲǸСĿ
ܹıʮˣ࣬ȴΪԴޣѵ治籱ֵλսĻҲ٣սֶʮȫǾǲһء
ȥˣǾ
һ̣ոȫԼ̨еŭʹϧ
ǸǺã
ͼҧҧ
һ˳
ǿˣûԭչ˼ĵ̻
Ұģȫ˱ֲԭпܰìͷ׼֡
²ΪֻΪԱҲռǡ
ΪˣǼʱ԰ῡ
*
ȴ˵һ·ʵǳ˲ٿͷ
¶ԭһЩԣתůɱֲԭϣȴǱѩء·òˣֽ϶˶ÿһ˯
˯ãԵķҲªֲڡ
ִæݺͲһ·ɱ˺ܶŶɹЩҲӡ
Ϊͼʡ£Щĳȫֱ𿾣ֲϣζûУԵ£ȴֲòԡ
һ·־ڣǵĴ΢
Ҳŵͼߣ»ָʳҧ
ڽͼռĳǣʱĳͷ̷ֱߵĵ̣Ǹ߸ǡ
϶ķأʵҲδɷͼˣʵ
ԺЩˣֱߵ̣Ҫ˰ɱڹֻͼӵ۵ʹҪöˡ
ͼĸۡĿǰʱԭĿظҲӲͽ˸С
ĺʱʹۿۣ⽨ᶼбΪĵĵûôǿŽҲǶӡ
ҪͣϽȥԲͨǼݳ˸ֱӾͼ˸ڡ
ڶ˳λԲŮɷ˵ͽһԺʱ㿴һԭӣǰ
ǰɣ̨ԸˣԺʹԺûķԸ׼ȥӵһ㶼Ǹʲô޹ؽҪһ㡣
˿ԺӣһͷͼȻһôªԺӣ׼ȥҪʵ̫ˣ
ɷһͨƢҲ侲ˣԷͼ϶лŹ
ҪסӣͼİǹĵģʱһΪڵΪΣ׷Īʱٺúø˲١
ҪģȻָԼòЩ¶ޣѩȥúôֲں㲣ͷҲûйˡ
Ҫˮúϴ˸軻·˶ٷ˯һڵڶڻָ˾
ǸúöģһСԺܴסԺӲķǽȥˣú̽µĸۡ˳Ҫͼע͸ˡ
ʹظĻ԰СĿԭ׼ȥѩ˵ڲɼ÷ײ˸š
׼ȷ˵÷֣պÿһŮӱӰ
ԭķηͣһϮʵغܺõɫë磬ͷϻƷϳ˵İӡĴ˴磬һ⸮Ů졣
ʱľ״
ʲôˣ˵ʵѾ϶ͼŮˡ
ǸӰת¶һϤӡ
ǣܾȡ
ȫû뵽ͼǴߡ
ΪƷŮģͼӦúųŶ԰ɣΪʲô
Ҳϳȴֻʶһתߡ
ھǵʱҪǿý㣬ʱЩݵλ˵Ůһʹ˵ԼǿЦûһýõİ֮ġ
˷ֱ𣬼޵ҲΪ
ҲͰˣ˭Ǳµ飬ΪӦõġ
ǣΪĺΪͶУƾ֣ôĹʿն޹
ǵݣĿش̼
ֱӳȥץסǵʵ
ʲô̬Ȱ˵
Ϊ䣬ȥ궬ݺݵزһಡһ£Ÿµô廹һקһЩˤڵء
Դսͼͽԭԭȫ뿪źȫŮ
Ϊʹ㣬ѡ˻˵ԭġ
ոߵλŮղȥȡˣһպÿЩקһĻ̻еسǰǴнȳȻ̧־͸һƣ
󵨵ū澣Ҷϲǲǣǳ
ҲϴСԺԺҲûʲôµ˸ųԴ뻻·µӱһѾߵ·
ŮһƶˣعǲȻŭ
㾹Ҵңǣ㾹Ůң
Ůü
ϵԽеĸԺӵģôûأ
˵ţҪкȥϼʮʾͽ䡣
ȻȴҲû绹۸Щ£΢΢˵䣬Ը
ˣù
˵꣬Ů뿪ˡ
ЩҲ뿪Ȼбȫġ
һȥıӰŻʹŵַŭֱ
δǸѭ浸ֺ˳ãȻ㹫Ȼ۸
ţΪԼܳˣҲԼĳ谮ôģǸ
ͼ⿪ĽᣬضҪʮٱյ裡
*
ͼһȥǱߡ
ԭŰǽӵǵʱΪɱԭһЩŤһ֮¾˰ǹصסԺˣūһɻ
ϣܷĵģҲ˳µϡ
ƫƫǿøţһٿ۶ҧţ˰Ҳһԣֱһεھߣ֪
ʱҹĶһˡ
ֱʱȷĲʧȥ
ԺҲˡ
ֻǣϾս⣬Щ»ǲòԾǱ˿ġ
²صĵһ±ȥ
ʹߵŮ֪Ǽ˽ײ
ͼʱ²ãΰҲԭӹ
ǲʹ죬ȽһԺȴû뵽λȻһ죬ʹǰȥˡ
߽ڵů˪ģͼ״Ʋؿڵ
Ҫý㣬῵˼סһգҾͰˡ
¼Ȼ˲ʵƫҪȥǰ鷳㲻ܰڸˡ
˵һҲǶǰͷиͬʱףһ㶼£вĵλ
ȴţȲҲĽͣһۡ
ͼ˸ûȤкգ԰ģȴֻݺݵߵһľӣ뿪ˡ
һǵסԺɱݾӵǸСԺӡ
̨
ԺͷŮӹһء
⶯ϲ⣬ʶʹ˳
ͼˣ
ͼޱؿ
˵磬˱ȥˣ
⻰ΪԼע⣬ʱеί벻ӿˣ
ôСԺӣôܴסинţˣôңɱң
ȻͼɱǾû˵Щźۡ
⻰ͼЦһ
ɱ㣿ǿɲС
ɱʲô˳ެƽ
ȴ᲻ɱʱ˵߰ؽʵ
ȻɱңֺαطѾĻҪѵǵҪĥԾˣſ𣿡
ͼӢŨڵüëʱš˸
ûɣʱգΪ
ǰȷʵҪΪŮһѩǰܣһȤûˡ
ֻΪҴײǰŭ
ϲǰɣҾʹȥߡ䲻ȵص
ʱһϲֻΪԼѾͼȴȫûע⵽ԷŨصĶ⡣
Ҫȥ䳤𣿡
ͼûлشֻ˰ͽ
ûã˳ǵĽסŵ󽫾ĸԭĳῡ
ͼǰȻ˹̬ǰӭӣȴûһЦ⡣
λɳϽʱüյ緢ֻ޾㲲ɣ
̨
˸ֵڡ
ͼָ
ҪˣѾˡֻȸŮ˱ãĿǰŪˣҲԵ¶˺ۡ
῵ĳǲῲ
ǸͷӣǰؾְʱҲǼģϸۣȷ
Ǳл̨ˡ˵꣬῱ſ̹ǵĳ
Ϊǰ߸ϵʧȥСӣʧȥֿӣΪĸػһУÿ춼
ûףǵػϡ
ĸʼһϵʹ࣬Ҫȫ
ǰͼĻʶԣ˶ɵˣֱ߽һعʶͼ㣺
ͼʲô˼˭
ͼżָۻᣬ
ؽῡ㺦ǸϫĸסõطɵúúøлϽҪ󣬱治ķҪ㡣
ʱ׻˶˿־֮С
ؽѱͶֵȻ֪ģʱ˸
ֲǹӵģҲԼзģƾʲôһͷϣΪ˽˶ԹȻҴͶˣ
ôһ֣Ūڳд·ʲôǧһЩ춼ڵıӵ۳ͷ
ȫǸ޵ķӣﻹʲô³
ʶ״εΪԼ⣺
ңû뺦ģû뺦
ͼǵĶԹûȤɺص
棬עִ磬ˡ

ˣϵȥ
ʱϧߡ
ֻ˫ȲڴֲڵĵϻʹŵûæУ
ſңͼңҪһ
ȻͼԽԽԶеĿ־ﵽ˼¡
ɱҲԻģ
Ҫ취Ծȣ
ǻʲô취Ϊ־ҵԺڴ˿ֻһݡ
ۼͼҪ߳ҰΧþ󺰵
֪ҩ䷽
ͼ޶ԣָϽĿڣף֪׵䷽
֣ʱü߳ŵͼס˽Ų
״ľսϴԼûκһҰļҲĶ
ԼĻЧٽϽ
ͼվס֪׵䷽
ûѡ֪
һľ̿ഩԽС˵ﶼ˵Ļҩ䷽ھֲϵı˵һμġ
ԭûôɱóġ
ʼĹ滮Ҫͼһ˵ʱŻ䷽׳ֵ
ǰδеΣ֣ܵȵʱˣֻó
ͼеشߵǰӵĿⶢ
˵֪׵䷽Ϊʲôľ
Ȼһϣͼȴûквĵط
֪׵䷽ֻܴӴ֪͢û͢ȴʹá
˵Ҳʮְա
ǰΪӵ⻷һԻΪģóȻ˵ֳԽʱ䷽ܷҾ飬³ֲԤıûҩ䷽
ټоı̫ӣ㲻ҲоС˵ʱ־ģûص֪ʶ
ԾﲻæҲͲעⷽ£ܳһʱ䶼֪ǿΪס
α䭵ľ׷ɱ׶ǿµıը֮ǰûܰҩϺš
Ҫ֪ᷢչĵزôҲôɵ߼ӵۻҩ䷽ġ
ӵ۰ھʱ֪һҲٲҴš
ϧһж̫ˡ
˽ҩ䷽ͼվȽŸûѡ
µΣ£ֻз绨ѩµӱø⣬ٵĻѿھ
Ķлҩǰ䭵鷿￴䷽ǰ֪׾ǻҩģֱϴα׷ɱ֪ġ
ݺܳ裬Ҫ䭵鷿Ҳпܵġ
ҩɺһǸԽߣ䷽˵Ҳ˵ı￴ֳýڣԾô˵޷ġ
ͼҲ֪ûĻǱǰһЩ
á͹֪
Ҫɿһת
ν䷽ףܣ
ɱ۾ݺݵش˸ս


127 
Ĵ˳׸ϳ˱־ں 䭱ʱصĴߵĽɽ䣬սͳơ
ȥǰɨäεͳƹȫҪٴϱ߳Ĺ ԭʿѡдĽͳ˲㹻ˡ
֮Բͥڽɽͽͳƣ ҪΪЩʿ
ǰ䭾͸߹ǣԸפʿͳһˣֻ֮һսѵΪפ ֮ȡʹ͸صԭĲ ΪǨһڵķ׼
ϾѾǶѮ²ԭҲ쿪ˣʱũʱһݵ
Ǵӽɽɢؼģ ûҪͥٵʱ䡣
ΪǵԷز䣬 䭱ץʱ䰲˶Գפѡοˡ
ǵĿĿ ԭʵеĿЩΪҪеѡΣ Բɶӿˣ ʱЭĿ
ܷһٷ֣ӵһ棬ռһıԵʱ ܽʯͷϡ࣬ ˮ о Ե
ǰʱ ǰһ Ҳǰ塣
ʮһ飬Ӧ˽õʮֺ;ŷ֣ٶεõ˷֣߷һ֡ӿĿÿʮ֡
֮⣬أһĿÿʮ֡
һĿÿʮ֡
п˽ݵ÷ѡǰٷ֮ʮ¼ȡ
⻹аٷ֮ѡԸפսǰٷ֮ˡ
ڽпǰټʿǼϣ˲и빦ѫ͡
ⷽߣ϶Ǳԭʿı׼յعлһġ
ڴ˴սˣ߳⣩ʮĸ𣬳֮⣬ǰսսҲУ˺ӵģÿŹѫƣڲĹٸȡ
м߳ʮ˲и⣬ҲÿȡĲԼȻùš
˲²мģҲأõĵǮ֮Ӫ
¿ɺ׿˵Щߣʿжʱѣ׷׶ãĿɺֵõġ
˲УֻҪΪŬսûκκ֮ǡ
һ֮£ǰֺǿŵнͣ˵ʱ˲ϵ̫ˡ
ƴǵ¿ɺʲôɲЧҡ
ǰŵɱͣҲߺ󣬵
´繦δģֻҪûΪҲÿʮǮı׼ÿ˷˽ӽĵѡ
ÿ˶ջ
ųǮ˸鼤˽ĳפ˺󣬾˶ƴȫפ
ѡν죬ͳƳɼ
ڰ죬ٴνЩʿټѡԭʿΪһȫµԭװ޷Աʾݵת䡣
ЩµľװӦ䭵Ҫ֮ǰһϱԭġ
Ϊԭ֮ϵڸ̨ϣ䷳صױѡĳפ
ÿʮЩ˱ߵ̨֮£ԭΪǷһ׻εԭװñӡ
ǰĸ̵ͣ棬ÿһ쵽ԭװʿͬĽ
ԡȫ۵Ŀ£ÿһ쵽ԭװʿĶ֮УϾװ±һʱǶԼݵкͬС
ڸ׷װFձñԭ޼׳ñǷñԼ壬ó裿
ȫᡣ
Ϊ¿ɺ˵ˣ庹ڼǰ֮ԭǧǰ廹ԭˣԴ׻ƣԭԹžһҵġ
η͵Ĳ죬ı¡
ԣɺǿǸıԼķ뷢͡
ǵƽ񣬻ʿݼٵʱ򣬶ǿԴεģҲ԰ԼԸֻҪ֤ɾвǿκθı䡣
ԭһԭװʿУֻжԵѡפϲá
Щ˻ԭһķΣԭжЩӵԭʱҲ˳۶ˡ
䭵£໻ԭε峣פɷվ࣬վҲࡣ
˰㿪ʼĲǨưš
ڳиսС䣬Ǩ㵽ԭĴϡ
ڴʣЩսܵ˿ڣϽȫƲΪѹָܻƽݡԭռݵҲóǨƵߵĵطȥİţǰЩ䭴ܵĲһµġ
ÿĹѫȵǰѡ̡
⻰ڳûѡϳפıǣҲдڴϲ
ǿǴ
ڸůϱߣǾкˮݷҲãţܳøӷ׳˺ˮˮҲ㣬˭Ҫء
Ǳѹ´´࣬Ҳȥ
¿ɺΪֹǨ㵽ȥˣ
˶۾ضԼĲ졣
ѫĲѡѡһϱߣкĿں䣬Ľѡ
ѡĲ䣬Ȼߵģɱԭĵطƫϣҵ̱ԭһ
ȻջͬԭҪúܶ࣬˶Ƿǳˡ
ѡ˵̣˽һЩߡ
ȣͷһǨ㣬˰ȣԭ츺ÿΪ죬쵣൱ڴһص
ֻʱġ
ÿ꣬Ƕְͥܿˡ
ûзúã٣ѹ񣬺Ϊͥ涨Ķ˰ᱻմķɣߣȥְţն׵Ȳ̶ͬȵĳͷ
һ꣬ǵĿڣòãֱʧȥȨ
ÿһ꣬䭶ͥǰȥ죬ܵƽʱͥ˼١
̨µʿһߣָжϲ
Ȼ¿ɺʼ˵ǳ˵һ꽻˰ÿһ궼˰ȴû˵ƵĴʩߵĳ׹᳹ʵʩ
춼ϮģΪòãѹǾͱġ
ǵ¿ɺ涨ˡ
ٴθܵ¿ɺǵİ֮ġ
뵽δҲñѹԵõ污ĺӣ˶δϣڴʢ˶¿ɺĸм
ɺ꣡
ɺ꣡
Էźȫ˶Ÿߺ
ɽХźȫǶ¿ɺİжԼδԲᶯҡҳϣ
ĳ棬ЩСʮָӡ
ǹ˳شԼ񣬰Ĵ䣬ȴʧȥ˶ԼȨֻʣһʱĹȨ
ȻΪǲĹѫҲϽ˲ֲƲеǺܴгʡ
Σǲôأ
ϣľսǿӻ־ǡ
ңΣӵˣﻹǵָӡ
Щ˻ص䣬ȻὫĶݣ˰߹㷺ŪĿԶûС
յĽֻ˶Ϊʵӵߡ
ĹһΣıֺŴľҲԶԶ
ǳ˽İţûκηİ취Ϊ˼ԼĲֲС
*
ڶ죬½Ÿµ񷵻ԭĲ䣬׼Ǩ㡣
æµʮ죬ǳ˶Աֲԭš
ģӵԭ
ԭҪдˡ
ξһսפ˲ƵĹͣûнͣ븧
еʿǣ궼ûܹϡ
ȻҪúòһǣҪµİգܵռݱֲԭĸġ
оенˣص̣ͨһ¶Ҫ
ʦԭڱС


128 
뿪ǰ ȻҪȰúıִ
һΪһΪһֶ
ȸݾѵɼγ˶ӳ ͷӪָʹһʱͼ֮ɸΪ
ϴľֲǧ˱ɸģ Ǳˡ
Ϊһ˳䭵ıֲ䣬ȻҪľֲһЩŴġ
һǳ鵽˿ںصλ죬й
Ĳ䣬 ڹĴʱ սġСѵЩ²ܵˡ
ȻΪֶֹһ죬ڲЩʿ ȫһ
һҲûľֲˣ ȫֶ
һ ܻලƺ⣬šһѱ䡣
Ȼ ֻԷһ
ʿҳ϶Ȳ ͷ鱨Ӫķͼӡ
רײʿԩֹǱϹѹģʵҲһļá
зͼӲʿճѵλεĽѰʲô߷ʿ
ͬʱ ִŸ죬ǧɽ䡣
һΣ ԭڼ䣬 츺߽ߵķء
ǧ⣬ һ˸ ־һͬµı߾ߡ
ĿǰдĶʮ֣ ƽţʱ
ߵĶһɢɳҲ̫в
ΨһҪıǱߵɳ
һɳܳδȣȾֲָԭһҪЩɳıֲˡ
ԣĿǰ˵߶ֻҪǧѲߣıòڱ߽
һ䭱λ彫ٵߣλ彫
죬ĸ˱ʱǲ߽ͬ
˹˳Ӧǡ
Ϊ˵ݣ쵹Ҳ棬ԭ˹˹֣
λֵܣӭǼ뿤£Ӵ˻Эͬ
õԭԱ鱨ӪķԱ̽Ļλ彫
̬Ⱥλ彫Ҳ˿
˵쿴ᣬǸȴǽڴ뽫ƷԲʮǧ
λ˵ĸɱЩҪλ߶ˣο˵ˣԺǵĶͷ˾
΢Ϥһ£䭱㿪ʼ
ǼҪ񣬱֯Ĵ²޽ﱤݣҸ߽
Щ˵ĿǰǷ²ԺȴҲǱ񡣱ϣμ㣬ʱƴְʹ˹ֻۣҪ£ճҪ㹻ʳ˵ҲҪʱṩҽҩ
һɹ˹ǵľ±ǡ
ȴӦ
֪ģ֮ǰɹ˹²ıƽҲԴġ
ǰЩ⣬ΪʲôҪЩ˵ôãȴò˵ֶβĿⳤԶ
ɹ˹ˣһʼżз⣬ôʱδκα¼
෴ЩΪ˳ָƽݣֵţƲ¿ʼɹ˹ǵĹʮɡ
ɸ͹ȴǰԾȡ
οɺȻʴȵضԴóΪūıǽ⡣
ǳէδվȽŸȻǿɺԸǱһ˿ִбˡ
ֲԭ߾߳ǧܹ߾Ҫÿİٶһ߸Ұǧˣȫԭʿ
ммʱǧԭĸԲһ
֮⣬ǧͥ䣬Ҳһǧʿפأάΰȶ
ԭ٣ȴǶͶʯģݳǶȫû⡣
ңصԭ󣬼Ĺȥյ±ǲǰ
˰׵ʣǧԭǰ֧Ԯ򣬰ʦԭ
*
׼ʦԭʱȫϢʮ죬ڴ˾ǡ
Ϊȷ붫ִ˳͢ԼظԵأ͢˽иټӵġ
һ·ȷָ嶼ص˸Եĵִ̣Ҳ˱־ڣ̽ǲŻȥֻ˸ִϺͲ䡣
ǻˮֱһϺͳǡ
˭֪һûþ׸ըˣȻñסΪװķδ磬˸ץ˷²챻Ÿɿ
ֱ˷²Ӫǲź֪ʶԭǱֲڧ͵Ϯִ˼ȫ𣬻սִЯȫ衣
̽ӶʱѣǾԼ˰
ȻΧַ²óȻ¶ݣǵñǻ˺ˡ
˺ЩҵᣬǵԭϻԷȴǵݣֻǵѺ˵Ҫϱžδǡ
ʱֵ䭳Ĵ䣬еСµʸ
̽͢ӣһؾͱ˽һ£ڿϺͳؾӪָʹ£׼ͷš
˸Ͻӱµɳǣǰ󱼲ʮ죬ŽϢ͵˾ǡ
κƽʵڵļӵ۵壬һ¹Ϣȹһ飬ȥӵۻ㱨ġ
ӵ˵Ȼд֣̫棬ȴѾ뿪ˣ˼ÿ飬鲻ҲѸٵغת
ûһָļֻܿÿյİĦȷή볣졣
κƽ⵽ʱڰݡ
˵κƽӵ۱ͷرܡ
£ֵľ౨ҲЩϵ
κƽίؿ˸ͷ
ӵššüκƽ̬֪û¡
˵öԣûʲôҪԼٳ⡣
óҽõƽĵˮ£ְҽ˵ϢʮΣ۾
˵ա
κƽ
εɽڱϺͳȫûЯľսȫС
ǼӵȷҩҲһѣΡ
ԭ䭹ƱͥĴ̼ܴ󡣵侲һ룬Ȼͥƣ֮µĹȴûȫ𣬱Ȼз
ʱ䭹¾ݱֹ֮УָպϷ;ֻҪù
ϾֺֿѣûڴʱͬвǵǿС
ʲôҪ˶ã˵ֵܵϢ
һǱ߾ͻһɢɳ׺ѵЩ֮
ʲô
ֱԺִִеȫս
ǿե˹˽Ŵճ
ΪǱһ֮𣬾ȵ󹬵ĴװˣȻôУ
һĴ
ӵŭִ߳
κƽĺ޲ֻԼʲôҲû
ѾϰˣλÿӴʤ̶ڹҲһ
ֻҪӵ۲壬ȥġ
ϢŭŬӵ۵˼;ʵҲûкô
ӵɫƵؿ
Ŷ㵹˵˵ʲôô
κƽ
ֵĹ飬ҳȫ֮
ǰգ±յֹ顣
ֶٳٲެƽʮջ𣬴ߴٴԼެƽҪԴս
򲻵ѣû˭
ΪȷѾǱҲ䭽ţӵ۱Щ˵ͷˡԳٳûлظֵĹ顣
κƽⷬӵϵıŭ
κƽһѣҲ뵽еĺô
οİ˱ضǸСĿ
ǣζ䭺ֽˡ
ܲɨ山ѾبΨһǰǵ·ϡ
û˱ͨٹ򾩳ǣ͵ԽҰǧԽɽϰ
ˣôвǡ
κ˵öԣӵҪҳȫ֮
ӵתŭΪϲ
мֵ⣬ôҲû뵽ɣְ˵
⸸ʵĵǲΪЧȣһŬΪá
ӵ⻰κƽжʱһϲ
Ը棬սסˣ
Ϊ䣬Ȱ˵ӵּ£ؾֹϵҪ
õʥּ߳κƽȴľƣ
ҪȰ˵һõĺۡ
ʱĽλϵࡣ
˵ȥº֮ȴܳ졣
Ǹ࣬ȴñʡ̫ˡ
⣬öκбϥЭڣԴԴϵĳǮʹȡ߶ܱɣǿУκι˼ɡ
һУΪһӢǿ
ǽǼ֮ɵһȫֵ֧࣬öô˳⡣
*
ӵ۴ʱȴ˲ʲô
Ϊİκƽ뿪󣬱˳ǰ
£ִȫӼ¶¶ǲҲ䵽
Ȼֺˣǰ¶ӻòã


129 ݡ
Ǹӵ۳˸⡣
һ֪еĵλġΪΨһŮ ˺õĳ룬ôܲʨӴ󿪿ڡ
䭣ͨǮƾֻ¶㲻θڣ ҪģܿǸķء
Ϊһִֻ֪ᴳŮ ˴Ĵۣòֵ
Ȼ˵
ѯʣ Ǳ³ˣ ֻҪۡһǲһ
ɺӵְֻ
ģ¶ô˵ã ġ
ҡͷ ׷
߹׵£ ģοƴ¶£ ˸͸źòá
ҵֵ֮ܽ䣬 м顣ôЩλס
ܴ򶯴ӵģֻ档ֻб±ֳ¶ӣôӿ¶ļֵŲ׿˺
Ĳƣ üӵۺǷꡣ
ĺܲϲһֱΪǸ軵˵ŮһٵΪѡ
ʼǲԼ̫谮 һֱ޼ɵһٶֵҪ
Ϊĸв ܷ䭳ɳ˵ز
Ѿܹ˱вȣ ҲһӰ˵ĸ飡
ϣһ£ ҰĲ 졣¶Ȳ֣Ϊ˽ɽ𢣬Ҫʱֻ
ûк֣ؽ˷ţɫҲ˼⣬ᶨɣһ
֪Ѿȵӵ۵ĵˣټǰһ
뵽Ŀĥʹ༫ˣȴҲֻһУ˳Ӧһǡ
*
ŵ˵¹˽ʳȴЩǡ
ǰΪ˲òͼ͸¶Լ֪䷽һ¡
ͼͰ˸Уд䷽
һľ꾭ԼĴ῵ױߵһ̣Щǿҵʹ־壬ǰδʶʵǰûκ
ǰ˯оʹԽⱾûоĿܻǱĥ
뵽῿ԼĿͼԼᣬ㲻
ʱ˿̣ҲΪͼϲԼˡԼûκ˻
ΪԼıһ·
ҿΪƳףܸ䷽Ȼ˭֪᲻жĥɱ¿
ǿſ־ͼ̸
ò˵ֱ׼
ͼĿ絶㿴Ů˵ǿʼթˡ
ãֻҪƳף˵˵ûϵ
ĵϣ̽䷽ô
ͼЭֿʼҪԺӣҪʳҪ鱦
ǰΪܣȻΪԺһ·׼
ͼһһ
˼죬ĺľȥס
Ҳ֪Ѿͼļޣֻܲ鲻Ըزϡ
ҪģֻǺľֶ̿
Ƿǳ׵õĲϡ
ڵһλǵãӹƤëҪõǷǳҵģҩҲС
Ҳͬҩҵ
ľ̿Ǹǵܵõ
ǣģص˳еԭҩеҩҪ˰˰дϱǩ
Ȼһľ̿ͽ˶ϳȥԼʼˡ
úܺãԼףͰҩȫյͼҲļҩġ
⣬ʼûҩ
һľ̿һףǷһףľ̿ס
ַĩȣȻ󵹽׼õĴƿŽȥһĽ͵ĵоߣ࣬˿׵ľ
ȼߣըԼϽܵԶԺſڡ
ȻŶȴͷ޴ıը
ɰιȥȻʲôҲû
ţ
ôѵûȼ
ܵȥ쿴ȴߵȷյˣǴƿѳ룬ûκαըļ
ʱð亹
ôأһֱŲɵĻҩ䷽Ȼûκαը
ôͼ
ΪԼʵ⣬Ͻȥͬҩģһ顣
ûжôԶһЩļԶһľ۲졣
ֻ͵ߵȼѸپȼյľͷ
ûãֻһǴƿѳ롣
Ȼôƿѣսϰըɵףȫ֮
亹ֱ
⵽ô£ôأ䷽ܶഩԽ߶ģΪʲôᱬը
ϧԽǰǸѧôǰǰĻѧ֪ʶÿûӰˣͼǵø䷽ھץԴҲȫ벻
ͼ޷ף϶ɱġЩʧܵ־֮£ȥҩߡ
ͼôɳأջװҩ̺ȥûã㱻ͼİиץסˣֱϵͼǰ
̨Ů׼ܣ
һװ磬Сӣﻹǽ鱦ⶼܡ
ͼɫ
㾹ϷŪ
ûûСҪˡ
ʮޣ
ͼ
̲ɷ˵سȥֱذԺϣƾμ޼¡
򣡡
ͼϧ
ױӣصسϡ
ľʹ˲䴫
ǰʮûʹࡣ
ǰΪŮĸүү̶ʮֳ谮Сû˵򣬾ǻ˵ҲҪҳߡ
ƽܹίʹ࣬Ҳڼӵ۸һơ
Ӵϣ֪ʲôʹ
ƤܿͱѿѪʹֻܲҽģ
ͼҡң
ˣˡ
ең޵ᣬҲ޷ͼ˿ݡ
ϷŪŮˣȻشƭġ
ƭ³
ֻƤ֮࣬Ļܵô࣬ͼԼϽ
ˡҡҸ䷽
ͼ̧֣ױͣ˱ӡ
ƭ
ʱǱʲôƢûˣޱʵϽҡͷʹ
ûС֪䷽Ҳ֪Ϊʲô䷽ﲻԤЧ
ͼѾڳ͵͵Ĵƿк֪ûѡ
ƶЩʵ飬ȷ֪Щʲô׵Ķġ
ֻǣ֪˵ʵαװ
£㣬ٸˣ⽫̷ʮ̶㳢
ŵһ飬Ͻ
Ҳˣ
˵꣬͸Ͻһһʮذ䷽д˳
Ϊ˱ֵ
ȻҲ֪Ϊʲô䷽ﲻԤЧǵǽ̵һЩģҿԣҳԭġٸһᣡ
ϧҲƣͼͼΪһ
ȥֵ·ϣˣǱִִ䭺ܼɵ
ͼھеʱƺĺܵó衣ӵ۳ķ̫
֪Щʲô
Ҳûбԡ
̣ͼԼõĹ׵ķǳϣ˽ƿһεޡ
䷽ըƿοǡ
ȼߺֻصһ죬ľӷɳȥȴˡ
˵ɱˣ˵ĶûС
䷽϶ԣͼ϶ص
ǿϵ֮ͬʹ࣬ΪԼ
Ҳ֪ô£ҷģҵʱ䷽
ͼɱ۾ǰδеתÿ죺
᲻ᡭ᲻ҿܰԭϸˡ
ʱһ֣һҩõâһƤ
Ϊ˶Ŀâ
⻰ͼֽƤ
ȻĽȻһ
ͼĴӱӻʿ˵䷽ըʱζһ
˴죬ȴùͼѾ˱
¼ˣͨһڵأ
Ҫɱңһ취ģ
ûйӣͼҲˣֱӽ˰Ȧ￴
۵Ȧˡ
ӶҲ䣬ϵ˿ҲʹǶôϣܻصůúô˿ڣůɾ·Ȳȷ
ô󣬶ûӦҪָ֣ӡ
ʵˡ
ڵݶĳζȾ
Ȼʵǣ׵оȡͻԽչòơ
Ϊòʾ֭ػǰĻѧ֪ʶԼ֪׵һϢ
ʿ˵ζһϸԼڱʱϡŵζƺǰıں
԰ںͷӦöǻҩȻζһġ
ڵζǡȷʵζ֤ûҴģľ̿ȼԣǺɫģӦҲûΨһ⻹õâǵʲô
߶߶ڲݶ˯š
ʱȴ·ñǼƺŵʶζ
ѵ˼ҹ𣿡
۾΢ĳ⣬ԼѾ˲ݶѱԵЩǽǡ
ΪµûɨףǻƺɫĽᾧɢǿҵĴ̱ζ
ζȷʵױըζмơ
᲻
ҺûѾǲˣⶫʻƺɫľ̿ȷʵȻâӽлҩɫζҲ
뵽취ˣ
ϽͷĿء
ҪһΣͼȦֻɫĽᾧɷĩľۣ̿Ƿ۰ϣٴװ֮С
ԶǸޣֻһ·ѸȼľȻ󷢳صһ졣
޷һߣľҲɳȥˡ
ֻһΡǰѾöˡ
ǴӱսӻʿҲ
̨ζεĺҲеŻˣ
ϲ
¶ˣǸɫĽᾧǰɫģ
ͼǵ鱨ȷʵúɽ
пܣνУâˮ
ȷ¿˷ͼбļֵµĶλɫ˲٣
ȻԶɱˣӦʲô첻ף㽻ῡ
Ͻ֤ŬĽ
ͼŴ󷢴ȱȥϢ
ƾʣһ㻯ѧ֪ʶǰδŬض׵䷽
ͼ֪׵Ҫԣǰ߶ȥˣʱ㵽ס쿴ȡ
⵹ߵŮż
ﶼǴվӵġ
Ů˵ˣѾλϵŮѱͼɣˣȻϣһ𲩸õǰ̡
֮ǰ̨Ťţ̨ҲԸϴߣʱ̨Ȼʱȥλĺ׹Ժ
оǰδеΣУ˱߹ġ
ϣ̨ǾȥλԺأ˵̨Ŀ϶ū澿ǹҲмɫɲܵġ
ǲͼ׳˭
ЩңתͼעҪһֱ˼ϡ
ǴĻ壬СܵжڴյĹжʱҲйЧְ͢յ롣
Ҳ֪Ǻʵ֣ɸֲڹʶ޷̤Լңɱͬյһ
ͼҲйݵ飬بмĹҺޣʵ̫΢
ʲôٲԼΪҰߡ
á
ֻǣĥһȴЩ֣ͼ֮ǰƺῸϡ
˵ͼԸǲΪһŮӶҪġΪδῸϻ󣬷谮
Īʲôı
뵽̲ס
ڶɢȥסСԺͷ
ԭ̽̽ڷ磬ȥ˲ŷ֣СԺرأȥ
ԽеɻΪ˲ͼɣȻȥ̽Ϣ㡣
û߶ԶȴСԺﴫ޴ϿƮɢһЩ̣Լ̱ǵζ
죬̣̱ǵζַͬѰļ󣬾ԲǺլ檻ŪĶ
һգˡ
ͼÿ춼ȥÿʱ϶ִ̱ǵζ
һۿ˽ȥ
ެƽ׼Ҫսˣͼһ˧ȴһ㶼ûȥص˼ڳֻ˵бս¸Ҫ顣
ǵʲô
ͼһ˧ޱӣк̣̱ǵζ졭
ԼͥʱϢһ
ף
ף
Ϊ۴ķ棬ⶼͥ׵Ĵ˵ơ
ͼ˵ĴΪʽңֶɵȴǡ
ҲֻŤתǬĶܽͼһ˧ˣͻȻӻҪ
ڱȡǰԻ͵ս͢û׵Ʒ˵Ѿ̽ʲôֻǻûüƷ
ܳ裬֪ϢǼпܵġ
ͼ񣬿ǵ˴Ϣס
ֱȳ͢ƳףͬʱƳףȻɸӿµĴˣΧĹʧ
뵽µغֻĶڷ
̬չ취ֹ
ɵ˭Ѿľ޴Σ
ȫͼˣָβܰϢͳȥ
*
ʱܳֵ¿Ҳӵ䭷ּĸʾӡڸسиʾΪ
ʾݣһԵֳο
һصģȻܾýҹа
ǰشʤ̣ɴδ˸ߵ
ֵ¿ȴۺ룬Цŵ
㵱¸Щһͼôͼأ
ֳһͷˮ
ͼʲô
ֵ¿ȴЦҡҡͷȻ鼫õģ
ſ֪ˡ
û죬ĵĸʾһӿظһµĸʾȥ
ʾĶͨһȫ¹عĴ£˸İ̱Χȥ
¿ҲҪռϯ
дʲôֵĸ
֣֣
һΧƹ˴̸óλá
ƹ񼷽һʱ˶סˣ˲ѣ伤漴ʧ̬عЦЦеļ飬ֱҪһ㡣
һͷˮ
׷ʲôˣ㵹ǿ
ڴҵĴߴ£ƹ
ȫ飡
ֹգһͳֺȫӽ󣬷գԿƾǣԭԭĵظǩ֤ͨȫסУ̡ͨ
͡Ӷʮʮš
ǣǿͳһȫˣ


130 
Ϣ Χ۵İնΪ֮һ漴һƬڡ
ǰֻ֪ʱ ˱ͥ˵ Ҳ¾ӹ⸴ˣЩϢֻ˽ûеõٸʽȷϡһȷϣ ȴֱӹһʯ쾪Ϣ һʯǧˡ
ʲôطв˱汲ǿС˵ѣ°ӵΪū ڱֵ֮¡
Ǿһη壬 ·ȫ޷ԿĴڡ
Ǳ˵ȥʲô ÿγŶĵǵĿֱռ˱ȫ Ǵӽ󶼿ֵ Ǻεȴģ
ǣǵҲЦȪ
ͨǺʲô秵Ļдʱµ˷ܣֻܾػЦУź ʹޡ
ϢܿǴȫǰձ棬 ܶжһͬĻա
Ȼ ԷףԶֹһأ кԭ ԭ ǣɹ˹ǵȵء
һλϱˡ
ǰǰſʿǾõϢ׼ԭȵؿ쿪ġ
һ·ǵİȫı߳ǰ࣬˵Ҳδôжãȴ⣬й⣬ǳԱ˷бͷġ
߽ǳţԶе֡
Ŵģһۿȥк̶ܶӡ
һǣֵǻȻһµƽģԵķҲģУǼ̼ҵŵƽʣ죬ģ˿ӯţϰæͣʲôһ㡣
ӹˣԽ춼Уסһذ̣
磬ǽʲô죬ô֣
ǰմۣ
˰ɣ
ǡ
Ҳѹ㲻֪ˡǰصǶףͳһֲԭأ
Ŀࡣ
ʲôͳͳһֲԭ𣿡
ʵ̫˼ˣǰͻȻ⸴ԭռ챱ֲ䣬Ѿ˳ԾˣھȻռ˱ȫǻҲôд
˭˵ٵĲɣǿּڳĵĸʾأӽ󰡣Ǵ񣬶ͨǿµĹٸ֤ͨȫأЩˣҲҪմأ
ǰһɵĽ
ͨбȫ
плǰոϽĵĸʾȥ
ذ֪ϢۼĶؿ̣ȫǺһȷϢġ
Էּ
ζţԺ󶼿԰ѻ˵ȥˣүү˵˿ϡǵĲשƥˣ֮ǰ׼̣ͨǲûطһſˣɲǺú׬һʣ
˭˵أǻ԰ѱֵţɰƤӣ̸һĶ˵ԭ϶Ҳܻӭ
Ҳǳ̻ȷֻܴûôɣûʾ˵ôҪǵȵصĹٸȡ֤ͨЩٵģýݺһʣ
⻰˷
һԶطģôܳ£
԰ʡĵˣгÿҪֱӵܳȥٱģҪ˶ãЩ˾ͻᱻͼĳǰҪʮǰ궼˺üˣЩԱʵأ
ü˶֮˵ʼҲЩϲˣ
ǲ
ȻˣˣæЩ˽˷أȥǰǰֱӰѸɽȫøɸɾҲûбǸȫ̵ˣ
ѹ֣
ҲΪǵ֣޲ǣǲ֪޲ж˵ϱ߷ö౶ļ۸һգҲֱֶ࣬ȫ
ۼʾȫǴӸĿ̣ЩżˣϽȥһƥȻҴҸϻԼϼҷ̩
ֻǳģûǮϢһǣԭԭȵصֻ¶ҪˣǮɲ
ңǰô飬ϸ֪У˲źѸ̶ȥռȻ
ȻҴҸϻԼϼңȴϢѾڳﴫˣڽϣڸ̸һͳ֮¡
ⲻǵڣӴ˱Ҳͼ֮ˣ˲𣬲Ҵս񣡡
ģ̫֮ƸҲ
ǧգս֮࣬Ӵ˿԰ҵṇ̀
֮ˣ޲мӡ
ЩֻǸŸ˴ո֣޹˼ɵرŶĳеˣȴѾ˱Ĵ㡣
һеˣҲлƼˡ
ǻصټȥ²֪ġ
ƣȥǣоΣ
үʵ
ʵ
ҵʢǷ̩հҵҲʮ
˵ͷʣ
նΣ
Ƶ
Ȼụ̂ƽͷգмӡ

ˣ˴αϣӳֶһ𡣡
Щ֣
ӳϱʲô겻Ҫ𣿡
ǻƼڹٸǼǹĴ̼֮ңڵӵܶûʸμӿƾٵģûٵģֻܻǮȥͷҿɽǮ
үӱһ̸ֻС˵ֵܼУǺ߿ƾ֮·
ǺӵҲ֣мʦʮһ㿼š
ֻǣȴԲУ⼸겻ڼרıĴѧʦ
ʵڲףΪʲôòγ˸жֵֶȴҪڼʱϣѲǽ겻ˣ
үȴ˵һûƴʧɫĻ
ΪֶȥͶЧ
ʲôͶЧƲ
Ǹһǰʵ̣ͨɼʵ۹ϵжţͶЧھټıѻʵۡ
ǰǱʿȫнϢ󣬱ЩײգټҰǨܡ
ǼҺЩ޸İղһǿмĻҵڷ̩İҪǱ֪ͶЧǻл
үӵһۣ뺰ȫ˶֪ǲǣ
ƸϽ죬Ȼүʵ
ֶʱܿнʿ
һˣû˵Щ滰װֶڵҲû˵̫
ҪʮĹ򡣡
ⶼ˵ֹ۵ˡ
ƾٿԻȫµĴˣԴＷɴÿſһΣһҲ¼ȡˡ
Щ˺һӣ׷ԲԶδÿһˣοǽʿ
ֶʮͿϽʿǶΪˡο˶һѻء
һԵĻӳվص
ʮ꿼ϽʿþǮȱȵΪ٣Ҳ֪Ҫȶꡣ˹٣ûȨûҲһӴײ㣬գʵգĹλֵΪ֮ɼʮ𣿡
ƶʱˣͶЧܿǻӳԼ⡣
ԣͶЧ
ǡӳһ㶼ܻسˡ
ΰԣǵ
˵۷Ź⣬ѵõǣմ±֣ǵȵķ粻ʢضȱĹ٣ʵɣ²ٽǵײճˣֻҪչֳ㹻ֻǸţҲȻܵõһְٰ
ָոչ˳ٷϴˣǴпΪʱֶΪ˷ʱƿȥ
һϯƲòϣ˵ЩðգʱͶЧȷʵǼرʼߵ¡
ֶ˵ЩһҪء
ǻʳӣϻʵиʲôһпܵϻλˡһ죬ʱͶЧˣɾпܳΪӽ
ǿɲһһӶûʥСٿɱȵġ
һ˵ܵϵλǱֵĵ̼ǵȵҲѾСˣԳһҲ⣬һĸȫͬն
ʱԼֶݵʶ۹⡣
ãǹֶ˱һͬϣ
һͳֵϢڴʮΪ޲Ľķɡ
ӳһʶ֮ʿкܶ࣬ʱڰгﻮŴż뿪磬Ͷе
ѾɵɽصĲֽʿǣʱȴѾж


131 
ȴ˵ɽߣ ִ򱱳˺û죬͢Ѿڳﻮʮǰȥˡ
ɽرݵʱ򣬳ؾ˹룬 Ҫնֻѡɽ
Ϊȫõľӣ ľǣԸȥر߹ءȥ߹ضҲˣҪģ ǿ̡
һΣ ɽصĿȱȥ˵ͻᱻתΪ߾Զزˡ˶̫Ըȥ
Ȼ ȴкܶ൥ ѡ˻ ǰ
ϹЩ˱Ц˵
ⲻжⲹ ҲСˣ ǮȢϱڽӴ
ȫ
ĵֵǮû˻ʱҪսжĿԣһ˶Ը⽫Ů޸ǡ
ټϺܶ˶飬 ҲûмҵףһʼǵֻҪû٣ ǵ
һĵ ټһЩǿ٣ ˵ĺܿʹˡ
Ѯ ﱸϵʮ ƺƵɽسˡ
˽ʮ죬ͳ˧ոٱžӵɽء
һ·ԭɽؾ鶼ʮֵ䡣
ǱƳǳغŲ·ǶӣɽĳǳرȫС
һǣʿڳдȡ֣ɱˣ߲Եûüߵİ˵֮֡
ǻس̵ʱ˳°˲ٵİΪūݣ·ȻΪ
ЩǳأʮҾſգҴʮһֵĽֵҲȫɪưܡ
ǵļסЩǳģȴѰˡ
룬Ҳ֪кý֡
Ǳץɱȥˡ
ɼʹʱǱѩأûʳмܱס
ͳĽûԭر˻ѰҼ˵ʱ䣬ǿ˲ֱͣɽء
һɽأϽǽѷ
ʮʿЩҪҪأҲɲҪ
Ϊ˽ʡ֧εؾԼʳģûھǵ㵼ز㡣
Ϊ˿óǽغò״İգˣæ
ûйǮԲֻڱӵʹ¸ɻμûˡ
ĿһеľǽԽ䡣
Զ㣬޷ҺڣҵԳɼңѵҪԼɽظİһʱ֮ɥķգǱ͢ѹե
ĹϣЧĳ͢ǿκһϣ
ԭЩ˾ͶģǼᶨ˾ġ
־Ӫָʹ˽һ֯ҪͶ˶ǩ״ٽӪأ˸ºڷߵҹʰװܳԵĴһоˡ
ǰľӪˣפס˾סģȽϷɢӪפصҲԼˡ
ϸ˷
ΪܲĶǸԵӪָʹҸܸˣʱҲ˷Ծ
ֱ緹ʱ󣬹ܻʳ㱨˵ǽʳø췹ոͳ˧ʶ˲ףʳøļӪĻʳȻ̴ȥӪز쿴
һ˶ûУ
̸Ҳˣ
üӪӪָʹݺǰˡ
ױһǰ㱨
ոɫҪγˮ
ӪصļЩ˾ԼߵġЩ˵ȥΪҪӣ
ܿõ˴𰸣ûã棬˵ڳиʾ﷢һΪȫͬ顱ĸʾ
ոٸϽӱ޸ϵ˳еĸʾȻѾۼ˺ܶʿ۷׷ס
Ͷȥ𣿡
ӿ󰡣ҪмңҶ벫һˡ
˭˵أȥ£ôڳ͢ాҪð
ܴһȥ¹ӣ
ոٳױɢȺȻߵ˸ʾǰ
ֻͷȻų͢Щǿ˿۾ã޶ѹեųܵУô˫쵼зʿҪȥͶˡϣλۣͬͬսķϣܳȫ׷ĻᣬҪ׷ɱǡ
ոɫְס
¾ȻôӱȥͶģ֪ؽմŭ
Щǰ鴫ǽ֪ס
ң´ǳģȥͶҲѾ￪ֻ˵һξͻеڶΣʱʤʵñֻ½·ء
Ψһİ취ǶЩ߽ϳͣԴɱӺ
Ӫ̸һ𣬳ǽЩӱץзߣһɱ
ɱڵ
⻰ԭ۷׷׵ʿǶ˵ˡ
ʢŭ֮£˭ұֳǱߵ²Լ̫ˡ
Щ飬ʹ˵Ҳӡ
ոٹ˲Щô룬Ӫ˱ӱŸȥ
úܺãϵĻѩδڣô˵ĽŲ޷ڵġЩһϣǲУ϶׷ϡ
Ȼվǵ͹ЩԤıĽ׷ʱ򣬺ȻӻǺӵĵű˷ˣյֻʣһѲȱľ̿
˽Ҳ޷š
ոٲȻŭʱسŵʿǣ
𣬴ϵĵűˣΪ
µһӪָʹԴ
ҹЩرš
űΣյĵطӧԸס뱱ĽҸŵפأôܾ˭뵽Щ˾Ǵ⡣
ոֻ֪ץЩߣɱӺƽɹΣļٵغǳ
Ÿʲô޸ţ
Ȼ޸˵׷ȥʱȴߵ㼣Ѿ˶ֵ֮С
ô죬Ҫ׷𣿡
ǲ⡣
Щ߽붫һ£ɴ󽫾˿Խ߽߽붫һ¡
ߺױжΪƣӶսˡ
籮û˷أҲһҪ
ոȻҲ뵽㡣
͢ӱ뱱ֲսǱ߿Ҳؿս£϶֡ǼӵĸҲⱻץסѱڦ
¹ֲַͣ͢ϰݣ붫صһ죬׳ΪƽϢŭƷ
淢չֵزӵδػᱣ
׷ЩߣӵȻȴδػΪ¾ϳĸ
ҧҧո
̻سǣ
ˣֻʵϱ¡
*
ɽ뾩Ǻܽһʱ䣬ոٵӱӼ͵˼ӵ۰ͷ
ʱļӵۣŸյǱߵϢûãҲǻ޴йء
Ǳ̽ϢΪ°䲼һȫʿнأûص׳꣬ϼҴǨǡ
ǽԶЩĿһã·عؿûͨЩչȥٽµЩأסڳģõٸֱȥǣǵȵء
һʱգǷǶ˺ܶ˿ڡ
Ǳߣһɽգ±෢أڽɴط˿ڡ
ӵ۵ʱҧгݣ
ӣôң޵Ǯ޵ˣ
֮Ը˴ֱǾãŴִ˴սô
٣ÿ˵ľһЩǮҲ㹻öˡ
ȥ̹رǵȵص̵ӽ󣬲κǰǣ
ܻȴκƽȰˣ
£򲻿ɰ
κƽʹ׵ȥײŴӦóʱַڣֻ»ڹأʱƽսˣܿĻա
ȻֻΪüӵϹҵס˵
ĵģŭΧزһʱ㲻̣ͨЩҲȫС
ӵʵףִҲ֣Щͨصͬ۵
û˼ǸԴı֮ġ
ӵȻȴòκƽ˵еֻܱһа㣺
ȥԸôҪĵ˱ӣҲˡ
սߵս£ΪбֺʣĹڱηηţȡ̸
ʱԨɳǣŹڻصֲԭܼǣס䭵ı
ͬʱսߵĽ֧Ԯ߾Գûȫϱߺߡ
һʱ֧Ԯߵսߣһ棬ȴҲԳ䭵ֲԭǣƣֱرǣõס
һ䶼ûκƽ˵
ǿˣκƽСмֲʱ˵Ȼ֣ͬýκƽ©Ϣ
ȴźʵʱȥ뱱̸ֺȴǰյոٴɽطӡ
ӵ⧲¿дݣֻǰ󷢺ڣ촭ˡ
ôҲû뵽һǾõ˶ĽͶ䭣
ǿֱ죬ԡʶĽ
ǾȻ
ɺ޵ǣջĳ룬ģ
ǩɥȨԼͿչ˽⣬ɨرùѪͷɾ͵
ɶ񣡡
ɶ񣡡
ӵͬƷ㴭ϢŴ߳һŴֿɼĶ
ŵùһأɪɪ
ǳƲԣæܽѼӵע壬ŵҽ룬üӵ΢ƽ
ó̫ʦκ̽
ˣ˵ʱжϾ̬չȥ취ֹ
ȻηչȥɾȥפϱߵĿأǼֱֱӸȥ
ûãκƽͳ̫ʦ
ӵ۽ӵݸ˴ģȻʵ
λа취£
˳Ƭ̣̫ʦȳԵ
Գ֮糯͢ҲΪЩá
˼ǣȻЩΪнӵģǱζŽΪľʵ̫ˡ
͢Ǿã²ǱߣȴҲǿϣϣͲðűſͷķȥӱͶˡ
κƽܲͬ
̫ʦ˵ɣȫصŲоҲķѾ޴ǾõǮӺδ
̫ʦ
Ȼ븻˰
˰գٶ࣬վҪȥˡڱ췴
ӵҲ֪ʱټ˰ոжأߣܸ䭱Ⱦøߵ͡
䭻˱ͥĲƸִߵһǧ⼸뻹Ҫ࣬ͷıҲ߰ˣȻԲƴ֣ǾþǾá
һٶӣţÿ궼˰պķѵһɶǾõء
κʲôð취
ͶκƽĿڴ
Ȼκƽȴܿ۾һ
ɸΪ֮¸ʿĴΪ
ΪԹصκƽⲻǲʵǣ̫˵棬Ŀ˵ԼκҶΪʸ֮ġ
ȫΪԼ忼ǡ
Ѿ˵úˣؼڼӵôѡ
½һԵĳ̫ʦ˰Ѻ¼ҺԬңкܶڱصһϡҪ֥ùӵ£¼ҺԬҶѴ̡
æ
µϳǰòԣ¾ʿʳ֮»Ҿ֮£ɼ壬ΪӬͷС㱳ѱ£ǾãԽݵԽ̰Ϊ֮ƣҪĻǲ֮ġ
飺
һǴӽߣڵļọ̈̄ϸִнߡ߾ûг׼Ҳ뿪ӳ
Ϊв㲻½ͱ߾ٴӡ
ڶǾ˴һûκǣҵĵӪɶӡӽפر߽ľ뱣֤ÿмߡӣȫͬ۴
ӵһ¶ɫ
̫ʦǵúܵȥּɡ
ȻԸõּӱ͵߳Ҫȥؽ̵жš
κƽԣЩʧ̲ס
£²衭
ӵ۴
İΪҪң²顣
Ȼ׾е⻼ϳЩĹ׷ˣֻᶯҡԼĸ
ΪһνӣԻٳǡ
뵽һ´ȥĶӰ죬ˣضϵ鱣ܡ
ֻǣֽס
߹˴ȵصжţ˶ߵͷ棬涨Щߣ˴Ķôܲ˺澿˺¡
ɽ뾩ֻ߰ôߵġȫͬ顱ϢȻܿ©˾ǡ
ȴ̽µЩٹǡ
ڱµ̬ȣû˸ҹȻ۴£˽£ȴ׻ŵù˵¡
Щ̲ˮӹýͰ͵ĵײĹ٣ом֮⡣
ʿֱӸȫϵľãɼڱֵ˶ǮƣĹ٣϶ǵøɡ
ǰ˵ǱĹնзͣϽϷ͹µСӹÿɺˡ
ĽЩ¼ҹˣ˵߾ߣǣһھǣܶܲ
˭˵ء
ЩΪǮΪԼЩȴΪ־̾ϢͶӢ
ʷڸϵĸ˵ų͢Ķ
ɽӣ˵ֹܾ͢һ£ϵЦЩ̡
͢ѵöǿһأ̵ҲơǺЦΪĶӣý̵Ա㽫иɽȴǴѹ䲻ң̯խľ
ΪʷңүӺ׶еķ߿Ҳ׶ھα෽ѹʵ־
ֻף̬Ҫƽͺֻܶ࣬ƽص
ʹڣᣬΪмݵĶӡ
үӱգһ첻һ죬˵Щȴĵ˵˺ܶࡣ
´ȨȴݲܸλλӵҡҲܹȨһ¶δػصˡ
סӵ֣ǵ۾ɢеĹâǴߴٰص
̣ȥͶЧҪȥȻԺ߲ˣ
˼Щڣ
˵ʲôأһ˶ھǣôȥͶ
үݵֻʣһͷϣ¶ֶԶӴȰİ֮⣺
ܿͻлġ
˵еض
ֻշϵҵʷʩչ츣գ
̣һҪȥȫ˶ȥ£
̲Ϊʲô׻ͻȻ˵ĻֻĲɵشӦ˸ףźҩЪ¡
ɵڶϣҪȥϳ֮ǰȴ˸׷ǸźС˵Ŀ
ȥһɫڲϣϵѪһأѾûϢ
ʱ˿̣˸˵Ļᡣ
ǣ磬һҶ˳뿪ǡ

̹ڵأ


132 
ӱֻس̵ʱ 䭱ѡӽɽһ·£;ں䣬ɹ˹䣬 ԭԭǡ
֮ѡ·ߣһΪԼǧʿȥͼžۣ һ棬ҲΪ;οѲ顣
ڣȫʿûйꡣо̣ صҲҪʱ̷Ѳߣ ȥϢ
ʱҲ˲ٵսͳ˧ȻӦúµʿ
Ȼصǣ ҪҪڶѻľϣ ȥոĺǣ ҪȥͥûʱѲЩط һʼ˳Щ¡
һ·ͣͣ ÿһҪټʿοʣڸͣ㻨˶ʮŻصǡ
ʱѾˣǵĶѾⶳ ϾҪд
ԭǴӱǵģȴû뵽 ԶԶ㿴ʮĳͤ ۼһӴ̶顣
ʿԱ ʿվԱߣ ûӰͨС

 ܳˣ˵Ҫӭǡ
Щ죬ǾȻܵôԶط
£ؼҵʱôԶԼǺ˸˵ġ
ӢϸֳЦ⣬ƥһӣس̶ȥ
ٽʮԶĵطſսٶ
ֵ¿Ҳдϲȹڵأߺ
ӭ
೼ʿҲ֣¹񣬸ߺŹӭ
·׼ǵİһ⶯ͷһ񿥽˶İ֮ϣһλɫս׵佫ӣٿ˭
ǵȵʹǿһͳֵķṦΰڶ౥սҿ뱱ıգԼҿмѡ
֪ԴԺ󣬱԰ĹӣҲصͻȻĳͱսཨļ԰غΪֶ
ˣΪʵӵ䶼
׼ʦǣܲ

ǿˣ
һϲغţ׷Էء
һ򣬲ǶǿȨη壬ǶĤ񾴡

䭺طԸȻ˹ǰͷֵ¿
˶컹أȻܵôԶĵطң֣ñ䡣
˵ȥֵ¿¯
ֵ¿ȴкЦο뽾䭣
ղͬգӵһҵȳԸýӭ
һִĵ£ԴǧŵĲ֮֮ȴй֮ʵ
²ЩȴܲҪµˣΪЩȽڷģ׸ģȴҪΪﻮǡ
񣬲˽εص
˵ţֱַοڳһЩسϳһͬǡ
ƺƵ̶ټϳǵĳǵ뿤һ·϶쳣עĿ
֪Ƕܼ׷ױ棬˵ٽ֣ȫɽ˺еӭ


ǼлЩ󵨵ŮǣϽԼϵĻ䣬ˮϵĺɰӣ黨ε϶
ֺãĶһӾͽסˣ嶼öһ£˵ǼֲʧǣټϱῡǵŮ
ֽһЩĶЩСкɰģҲʼ϶
ּл
һ·ĳ棬ҲЦ
Ƕɹĵˡǰȣǳأǳеİգ֮
Цй⣬Чˡ
ȻǧʢúԶҪ£µĳɾͣҲԽá
ֵ¿ֳԼҿӢ˲ıӰһֱЦ
ֳ͸ЩŮǷģЦŵ
ⳡ浱ӯ״Ԫ̽νҲ
ֵ¿¶ɫŻ׵ĺ
ȻŽĸ״Ԫ̽ǵ
һɣ׶ӹҫ˻Ҫˡ
Դ˿أͷ·ҵ׷ÿ춼þȣֳҲǴˡ
ңӵһ֮ԿּҵĺֻҪǲּ˵ʢ˥
ֳ̱̲ס
ǵ½궼ʮˣһ˼ңúüˡҲ͵Ϊ֮˵ϵôûסҲûٳ֣ǲҲһЩƷòϼѵŮӣ׼
ȻټĽɽû̳ˣһиôĲȡ
˵£ֵ¿ҲЩǳ
ȥΪʹ´£²ףҲɸźţ²ϣ˵Ǽҹ֮ңʼڶӷһĸ׵ʱֱȢǣΪزС¡
ֳԼҵÿϣ׼ЩòŮĿбӣ˵ȫעɷҲ
˵ɫҲǺ£ҿ¿ǻûأ
һ̾
䭿ɲּ֪ҸӶ﷢˽£̶нٽõʱйԱȥ칫Լ˿
տţ߹ŮԼϵĹ˶ڴźͷˡ
֣ΰݣ䭻ֽǲɢ˸æԼȥп²áص
ֳˣ
ǰȽСļҪԭͳ˲٣ȴһִ˺üףӸˣټϴŴ綼ó࣬ž͸ͻȻһ
߹
Ұ˵ÿţ飬ʱɢȻÿ졣
ֹе´䭣
˺ö࣬ǲͷԵòã
ó˺ܶ㰮ԵĲˣҲ㱸ˣȥ·ȥԷ
ҵĸоǻʱ˵ţ׼һԵȷȲˣ䭶Դ˺㡣
극ϴ߹˵˵ȴ˵߹ȥӼͷĹˣӦй¡
ߵ߹˵Ļ⣬ԶԶɵǳ·Ըе飬ºǸп
̼ǵǰ߹Ǹ޿С˲֪Ҫôչ˲źá
ȴʱټһþʱĳԴסаŵӦͷĹҲǶࡣ
֪䣬ʹһӣɳΪһĴˡ
ֳģȴһֱⱼæûôĳɳȫһ˶
磬ôˣ
߹߹£ɫЩؿ
εص
ҾúܶԲǰ㶪ڸҲûʱ̵㣬СС;ҪΪô±æ
߹ȻΪЦŵ
˵ĻжԲҡҶôˣôչңͲҪʱ߰
˵æֻԼжأ˶˵ֵܣӱӣҪΪǵĵɽ翪ɱа
߹ֳȡǳɾͺǽԼҴȻǹȴҲʤƹˣɱаĴʶˡ
߹һвɴЦ⣺
治ٰǰǸϰޱӵС˰ⶼҴֵˣ
߹Щ
˭ǰǿޱӵСﰡϹˣ
䭾˫Ͷ
úúã㲻ǣǣһֱǽӢۣ
Цһ䭽תϣ
ܳǰЩʱյ˵ˣҪʽµĹϵũҵȸţ䳤ٶʽϵͳ
Ҫ֣ȷһΣý·Ҫô𣿡
߹ͣ˵ʱǸÿǶˡȻٹ꣬൱ĺѡͻᱻȫߡͨŮһҲýⷽճˡ
߹ЩɻΪʲôֳͻȻҪôʣȻֳ
һɾŮһӣжգһҵĲ󳼣Ӵһ˹ĶǣæµڷصĹ񣬵ĵһĲ֮𣿡
ΪԵֳ˵ɾЩΪ飬ͷĻŮɬ㾡ȴᶨص
磬ҲҪǣֻҪ㲻һҪʱȥøø죬Ը߾ȫȥĲ󳼣
䭵
ԺúٸҴ𰸡
߹ҡҡͷø
ȻһʼֻЩ£Լֻĺȡϲڵϲĳɾ͸СһȨҲϣҵĴڣŮӶһȻͬĽ
䭿߹˫й⣬ɫᶨģ̾
Ȼףȴһޱȴϻͨ͸ġ
Ϊ߹ٵİ֮ͣȴԸһӵͲεؼٱ·ֻΪΪŮӵԼվڸߴΪŮǰ·
Ц͵ص
ҵҲ죬Ժһɳ
ôұּܳʽΪĲ󶼽һμӳ顣
ã߹г˶־ᶨص
һ߾ȫΪ統òļңÿһǮȥõֵ
ͬĿǰܽҢȷԸ
ûʲôģҢ߹һҲԸƹܽʽ볯Ϊ١
ǽֵ¿ּʱ⵽˷ԡ
£ŮͬΪ٣ʵֻѶڿڰ
䭶Դ˲ʵ
ŮӰ²ӣô߹￪֧Ǯƣй©׺Ū
ֵ¿ҡҡͷ
ҲˡЩҵǻ߹һĹѱ𣿡
ֵ¿룬Լֳ̣Ҳܱ֤߹һԼҵĹûб˽ġ
ŮվҪˣʱˡ
û⣬ֻȻص
ôˣҲҪ׽ôߣ߹С׻кü꣬ʱ֮±ʱ۲ˣ
ֵ¿Ѷ
Խ·佨ķṦΰҵһҲϲϡ
Լʹ󣬼һӵĶܱȵµ뷨ˣֻܰɨϰִ뷨ˡ
ˣȫΪµѹЩߡ
¶Ц⣺
ʵΪ̫ġֻһҵŮӢ޳ȥżҵһ˱ϢϣжһԼҵּҶһ鹵֧
ֵ¿һµ˼ӢҲ볯Ϊ
û˽ģڶﻹǺ۰ģ¹ǵǰ̣ҲѲĶ
̵ֳϱԴһһŮ壬ֲֳԸӰ޸飬Ӣ볯Ϊ٣໥֣Ǿ͸ֶ˸ֵû𰡡
ɡӢŮӣܱȵж
лǡ
䭵
ǰ齨ӾΪر߹صĻȵж𣿡
Ȼ
ǳĽӢۣκ˶ԷĹ
ֵ
ǰ߹ʱ뵽нյΪ𣿡
ֵ¿ҡҡͷ
ԣŮϲûʲôͬǽȡʲôĳɾͣŮϵ󣬹ؼڸĸνԼλǷǻᡣ
˵ֵ¿ʲôס
һϯéٿģѾ֪˵ˣ
ƼˣҵŮҲΪٵĻᣬüжҫ鹵Ŵ˶ᷴԡ


133 
ڶ죬 ĵһǵĿأسǽ죬ԼĹԱ ȫټһͳֺĵһγᡣ
֮뼯һã ֵ¿֪䭼ǣعԱ췢Ű˽лġ
ʱʼصڿĽ̩ Ա롣ų ʵ뾩ǵĳ졣
ûΪ˾ò
ΪУǴӣ ޵ճΪ µϵλҲ˳ġֻ֧ǶյĴ󳼣 ΪĲҲһô
ǿӵһǣξͲЩųˣ Σ ̳ƵۣҲû˻ᷴԡοû˵ҪƵۡ
ǧǧǧ꣡
óϷ¹ߵ׵Ĵΰ׵䭡
ƽɡ
µؽڳΰݡ
ͳһһ ½ԽȴʼûƶϸĹƣ ʱⷽЩ淶ˡ
ܳʱ ƶ¹ƽṹ
ţ ߵױ˹ơ
 ˾Ϊ Ϊũ££죬£˾߲
ũ˾ȫũ°ţܹ
ȫѧ֮¡
ȫ˰ܣͳƣɵ
ڵĹԱˣ⣬Ǩ
·ǽͨеȡ
˾ͬ£ȫ˾¡
£бѵǲɹȫ񣬱Ŀǰ½ṹֱӶ䭸
ôһˣˣֱ
ԱҪȱɴҪ²ϱ²ͳһ֯ȫԱƸԣΪѡ˲š
طϣ򱣳ԭеĿáԭΪλֲԭΪλأ죩Ϊһ
Ʒ棬볯ͬ͢λҲ볯͢Ƶͬ
вţ˾⣬ֱܳͳ졣µС£ܳþרĴٻ㱨
ԭнϣ˵Ĵԭط
ÿ²ȫԱпˣ׸ݿ˳ɼŵ꼨ЧһιλǨ
û˲ˣ볯͢ԭĿҲ࣬˽ܶȺܸߡ
Ȼ˹Ĵ˶ɫ
дͷһﾹŮӡ
ԭǹϵеļĹ٣Ӧġ
߲֮ҪλãŮΪ٣
԰鹫ȥԱºѽܡ
ʵĿǰԱ϶Ң߹ǰõЩˣŮΪģ˷ԡ
ҪԴΪڣҲⷤӡ
վż˵
ɱùδκβ񲻹ǰͬ£˸֣˾ñòˣ
һһãּɫмɵĹԱЩη塣
ûԭȵأɱ˸ͷҲѾ֮֡
Ȳ޴⡣
һ
˵˲᲻ҲûϵдˣҲƹֱţ֯ѡЩԸıǡ
˼ԣֱˣȱԸ¡
пǿĿɽ˭ٶŮӴ˵֡
Ҫ֪һǿãһÿصũ²ŮҪԣǽһˡ
ķԵĶϢģ֪ѾЧʱظ˸档
ֵ¿ʹ˸ɫ
ֵ¿վ
ҲĪС˸ŮӵڼܽǵʳסԼӽ̵ȻҲ߹ܼС㶼ŮӣعҲˣȻҪģҲüüеķСǶ׼źòμѡΡ
Żɫ
ܳܵ
⻰ԭвĹԱ̬ʱͱˡ
˵͢ŮǼеŮҲӵ볯ΪٵĻᣡ
ʱνڣûи˵ʵҪ
пܶһڳȨɵӲŻơ
ϸֶȷʵʺϹ˹Ǯأ
Զԣͣģ̺ӺʿҲǲģ
Ӣ֪ã
̼䣬еķͱ˸ͷ
ڶԱһ˳㶼ҴһȥԼҵϱŮԼ׾ͷŮģ˵¡
լŮϢȻҲ˾ò񻰣һ㶼ȥ׼ʲôͷ¶棬ҲһЩ˼ͨ͸ҰĵģǸѵõĻᡣ
Ϊ͢ԱǿɾǹˡѵΪŮӾͲ
ңʱ͢ٺ»ֻҪǾһϣѵɷҪǮôɷŵԼҲܰ
ٷٺãҲȲԼȨĹٴ˰
ٹٻԱҵŮ죬׼
ˣϲԱǶԣµȻҲʲôˡ
˵ײոע浱ٵ˵ŮΪܶ񣬴ǵʱǼǵıŮӡ
ֻҪǰӣ˭ʵ۶Բںο˭¹Ա
ңһҪǵע
Ǳǵͼ۹⡣
·ʾΪףȫ£ӽڣÿʮ⣬ÿǮı׼°չӦ⡣
ʽص㣬׵ʱһġ
ÿŻƣӦֵĵȥȻÿһӦĵǼҳ棬Լȷϡÿͷжʮոһһ˭Ҳð䲻ˡ
ʾ󣬰ǸϲЦտ档
Ҫ֪򵽵˵⣬ÿҲҪʮġΪҪԶԵʣ϶Ҫʮһ
ǮһҲ򲻵ο⡣
ȷʵʾ˵ǿڸаշǲꡣ
⣬Ȼû˻ܾģ׷׻ؼŻȥŶ⡣
ⲻ÷ţסڳİջһֻһȥġ
ˣЩߵֵŵĴƮɢ
ԭûʲôζֻŨ㣬̵ֱ˻ƣոͶİգֱˮ
ԼǰСӣõҲǰɼ⡣
Ǿǵİǻؼҵʱһ⣬Ա˵ĸĽ
˻ȫ򱾵˵£
ϸ磬˿ǮҼһԣأ
Ǳ˱
ȷʵǺùЩȴҲûݳ޵ʱĵزⶼǿ±ָǵĶأֻҪŻƣÿһ԰Ǯһʮ⣬궼С
ʮ⣬Ҫϱߵм㣬߰ʮһˣܳԵݳƷֻҪһӵļ۸򵽣˭ܲĶء
ֻбػĿ𣿡
ǰԭǣԭطҲ졣
ԣǵµĻ
ƵĶԻʱĴ𰸣Լ粻رȴҲ̲סˡ
ҪҪҲټҰǨء
Ͼͬ룬µȴϱ߱һࡣ
Ͳ˵ˣŮӣҲÿ˷ֵĶأ˰ҲҪٺܶࡣũеʱ򣬵·޷ӣҲ׬Щ죬ǸĴæ٣ȴҪȶܶࡣ
ȥˣֻҪǨܵͼʮأ
һ£¶ԭļҪá
*
ӿǸõõϢкܶ£ֵ¿˴ǰֹµʱ򣬱£
ǰ´ֱʷôȥʵ̫ҷѣȴû뵽һͷһ£֪öٰǰͶأ
䭲ΪԵãҲûʲôϲɫֻƽطԸ
ˣӭӸ׼ɡ
ǰ⣬ʵֻͬ죬ðҲܵ±ֵĺôֲһ¹ʱѡ
֮ѡ⣬ҪΪ±ֵʱ򣬽ɻ̫ģϰֻ
ЩȡƤůģһɱû̫棬˷ݡ
ȥҲ޷Ǵϱ߶໻ЩǮѣȱǮԼϵİճԡ
ƽʵ࣬ڼԵⲹ壬ܸõӦԽķͶ
û£Ȼܴ̼ǰ̵ˣҲǨƵ
ЩܻˣڵӦȽϸߵͨˣȴǱ򶯣ɼͨչʲôˡ
ÿ⣬ǧ˵Ǽҳ㷹ȴǴ˿ɼ顣
ҪŬĵط̫ˡ
·ֻһһߣģҲֻǾܵԼظİա
˵ʳǰԸһ£˸ϵױʵ
ȥ걾оӪеЩˣ
ױæȥʣûãõϢ˵򶼻ţҪȿȥ鿴˲Ÿɱ
Ҫһȥ
ʵ
ֵ¿Щ֣ԼҵôͻȻС¡õôöţһȥȴδС¡
˱һͬȥ˳Ǹ֣˵
ȥʱ֣𼱻ǵشߴͷĹ˸Ͻɨˮʯ·Ҫòˮ
ЩЩָʲôʱˣﻹˮأŪʪ˿Ьô죿
ֻ˴¡
ЩΣʱֹ
֣ԣſһѾˣͷܳ
Ҳ˲õϵˮϽܵſڣҪ¹ӭӣ
ˣμ
ضˮôǹ
ȥæµǡ֣ȥЩ
ǣ
֣һ·սսǰȦ鿴
ԿóЩķ޵ģשķӽȻͬ
߶ι˿ĳһûιġ
ȦHĻֵ¿ʿ˵ЩĥߵȻͬͣȴǰһ
£ι˿Ǳûι˲٣
׵´һ˵Ŀˡ
䭵治ɫõЦݣ
ûҲÿ졣
䭽֣ǰļ¼鿴
Щιʳһº󣬳벻ιʳԵز
Щιʳµ벻ιʳĳһ£һٰʮ
ιʳٷ֮ʮ˵ĳ񶼳ʮңصһͷʮ
ιʳĳȴֻһ߰ʮҲųһʮҡ
ȻҲΪľþֳڳ߸£ٱԽ͡
ιʳ˵޿֮һңֳʱҲԴʮ̵߸¡
ܲƹ㣬ÿʡ
䭵˰ߵ˼ͷɱˡ
֣Ͻȥ˺üûãˡ
ιʳ˵ͶͶ˺ܶ࣬ԶҳһɱЩɫ׵ֵ¿Ҳһϲɫ
£̫ˣҪʺܶ࣡
̤صѪë߹ȥ嵶Щв쿴Աȡ
û쳣״󣬽ܰ͵Ȳ䡣
˳ԣ˷⣬ڿζͨûԲ
ʿЩǣϲι⣬Ϊˮ㡣
˳ԵЦ΢΢һɡ
ǰЩиã²ƹ㣬ĿǰøʣûκβõӰ졣
̫ںȷʵ᲻񣬰ǶﶼȱˮȴǸոպá
ңֳڣȫðǱܿƲӵĴ죬ʳʢ쿪ʼȵջιϼ´߷ʣǰɱúʡ
һֻҪÿÿֲĶˣİǱҲȱʳˡ



134 
 ȥӪʱֳǰⲦһ
Ϊз ߷ЧҪ΢һЩιʳ˵ ҲȲιʳ˵Ҫϡ֮ͬ£֬Ҳͨߡ
֮⣬ Щûгκ쳣
ã ص˸ʵ֣ȥһʾ͡
鱦඼Ǵӱֹ崦ģ 䭲ûнЩȥ֣ Ϊıˡ
 ֣˵Ȼǿ״͵һϲˣ ӵʹͺ ̾ͱƵĽ⹩
֮⣬ڶһ磬ֲָ¡
һγ 䭱еĵطԱԻظڣȻһ칫ˡ
Ҫ£ ֱµȴɣ ûҪ;ǳ͢㳯顣
Ȼ Ҳгĺô ֻǾĿǰԣ ûôҪȺȺ£Ҳû㹻֣ݳ޵ÿ˷ЩæĹԱһʱᡣ
ˣ籣ԭķʽЧʸߣʵҪһ֪ͨ飬ټһ𿪻ᡣ
䭴ǰһܼҸŮõܳǱĹٷ
Ϊ˽ʽƣֵ¿ƶһ׹ڹԱεĹ淶͢һÿȼĹԱڷɫ뻨϶ͬ
۷ʽϣҲǺͳ͢һǰغ׺ӵĲ
簲޺øƷĲǰЩѡȷ÷װȥڹԱû죬ȫ׹ٷ͵˸Աϡ
ԺǱԴŹٷȥԼŰ칫ˡ
һ˫ﶼԴΪǧżѻ̸ˣͽ˲𣡡
ŰϰŵɫҢ˷ܵصɵĽ
ǰǵʱһЩٹ˼ҵķŮ˵ڸ׵ϣҲǰȥ֪ͣЩƲġ
ԴǰЩ츸鹫Щ˶˳ֺãߵϱ
ֲҢǹٷҲԡ
˵ʽλǰ鲢ûʲô仯ɿʾݵĲеĸоǲһġ
ҢҲ̲סߵǰͷĹٷͷչ
ﶼɫĽۣǰغ׺ɺײӣ׵ʾƷԱݡ
ǿƵۣĿǰֻƣеĹƷ͢ĶŲһǵĹλͬ飬ʵӦǶƷԱ
ͷ˲練ñ֮˳ߴСͬȫһģһ
ԹŶΪŮΪ͸ͬΪ٣һƷ˲мء
Һ͵Ĺٷ޶£
ҢЦݺȴ˸ԺĹâ
ֲȴص
Ң佾ꡣҪףǿΣλƷҪŬĳɼŶԵ֪֮
ҢҲɫ֣ص
ģŮһṼĺ
ĹԶףڳмûԡ
ûпǿƵһζôͳΪ͸һƷԱģվϳöѡ
˿ԸŮӵԸŮӳ̶ÿʧ
½ٶѣҲһµĽǳƾڸ׵Ĺ
ǱЩȥϢֵɱٵˡ
ֲŮƹܽͬѧҪĹ񲢲Լ١
ŮǶطϢˣֲŰѹٷӵλǰϵο뽾
Ů㲽볯ãΪһͳʿԶԴӵʽԴ
ҲΨֿӣŲԼеϲá
㿴Ʒٷλͬ飬ңǵҢҲΪƷԱˡ
ҪڣһܸˣԺ˭˵ֻŮ֧Ż
ӱʫ֪ȴΪֻŮܷ顣Ӳ˵ڣҲܸܵеѹֲ
ԣһ𣬽ŮҢжһ徭ʣʫ飬ԸҲһŮǿͨ͸ΪıԲΪûֵܶ裬΢һá
Ҳû뵽˲һŮĥ󣬻ӵһɳĻᡣ
ӻŸöãŮĳɾͣҲһΪŮӵѧʶδܳΪŮ٣Ůһ㣬ԼĹâÿնɷ
ϧû
վǿ
ֲһҹû˯ãڶһȴȥš
ӲģҲֻдŮǹʣµ
ܼ˿أŮȻͬĽǰ;ҪͿػر
ûãӵ˿Ĵֲûеϵ˿
Ϊֳɹܺãһֲɽ¶Ц⡣
˾ũ˵Ϣ
ѵüϲɫֲҲЩ棺
֪Ǻϲ£
䭱㽫ֳ˵һ飬ֲ̱еľ޴ֵ¶ɫ
û˻д˵ã˸߲ڿȫƹ㣬ؽٽֳҵͻͽԺµİգɾҲûˣ
ղԱůȱʳȹ̩񰲵ľ󣬾ǰʢҲֻҪƹˣðչϿδеĸ
ˡԱս㰲ȥԺڱʺֲ˵ĿضƹֲÿֲܴﵽĶϣԴƶȫʳӦ
̶̼仰̺˺ܶ๤
ȱǶʵо¼ԭأĸʪһ£Ϊ˵ܿÿطõĸַʽЩطһֲˡ
ЩǽġҪһ¡
Ҫȫֳ򣬿δ㹻̡̲ӣ۸񰺹ֻղԸ򡣡
䭶Դ˵뷨
̲óֱӴӱạ̇̄ıҪǮӴز򡣡
ڰղԸ̣Ӫϵ취ֳԡ֮⣬״ֳٸ̣Ͻֿ̰ۿϽȼ⣬践ٸȫ̿⣬ԭǰֳֳ˰
ȱǮչֳҵȫûġ
ֲһһ£䭷Ը
ˣǱֵڲԭƹ㡣ⷽץʱоһ£ýڲԭҲˡ
һ˿㱻һ飬ֲũ£ͷʳҲɲô¡
ǰͷЩʵʵӦˣĽӲˡ
Ҫڲԭƹֲºѣе֣밲ԭֲֳЩԽˣټϹıֲԭʵǡ
Ļû˵꣬ȴеδ֮⡣
ŵԱУüޡ
ֻǣд㣬ֲ˼¼оݣԤ滮רҵ˲ţԶǾиոäʿʤεġ
ϣҪ֪ʶѧǿ˲ŷҪ
䭵һʱ뵽ģЩСרעƾٵĶˡ
˵ƾ٣п̰ӡΪ¼ȡĶЩֻ徭ӡ
ʵϲˣƾٿĿ漰ѧвۣɷȣÿû裬ûкܹĶ֪ʶ棬ǸϹġ
֪ʶѧЩȷʵԶԶͨˡ
ٵȵȣӸЩ֡
鱨Ӫ㱨Ϣڵأвٶ˶׼Ͷ˵ˣһƸԣһЩ˲ſȱˡ


135 
Ŀǰ²һʱҲѡ ʱֵܳ¿εġ
ֵ¿˺ܶ飬ڹĿᳵ·ΨƸһ£ ûɹ
Ϊ͢ǱߵƸǿƾٿԣһֵġ
¹صһ˲Ƹ ûо³̣䭱ֻԴһ顣
ΪֻԼףҪҵĿǰʵ˲ţ ƸĿݣ ȻֻǵĿƾٿԡ
߲Ŀǰ϶ȱˣ䭱㴫ŸŵĸˣǸԼһԼҪ ˲ŵҪ 嵽ÿһλ
Ȼ ĿǰƸΧޣܵø˶ܲ һвŵȫ ֻ޶п
պһ߲ǿصСᣬһۣƶƸ³̣ Աⷢ
ȣΪҪƸʵ˲ţ ǿݷ棬 ҪΪѧ ɷ ѧĸĿ
Σ Ƹ³ͷðԵ̡
ĿǰҪҪýҲҪǵǷ㹻μӿԣԿڶһԺ
˵ǰͷµĿԣر֤ƽԣ֮󣬱پһεԡʱֿ֮ӣؽ׷ѡ²͢һߣ٣֣֮ǲġ
æӦǡ
һЩԭΪߺŵģҲں׵ʧ
˼ףһץȻϲ䱳ĹϵʱΪȻܵǣˣ׼´ٿ
˵ˣĿǰֻ޶ȵѡԺ󻹻С
⾯ȣǵһп֣ûٸʲôа
ֽ˳ķ䡣
ѧͲۣԳ⡣ɷѧ򽻸ֵ¿Ӧֲͤȥۡ
ȳĿǸµӡˢӡˢ
Ϊףˣڿǰ뿪
ıǼǣ²𣬿άɿӪ𣬿࿼ľ٣ڿǰʮָ
³ף䭱˳д˼ʮݣٶ͵µĸء
һΣڴĿҲûŹ
ӼĴ̶ͣڣп±˸ԲһǧĿء
ͷһΣ䭶ܱߴĿչֳǿƵ̬ȡ
ʾʿֱڳº
ǹһãвߣµ佫Ǵ
˼ף˭Ҳַᷢ
Щػ϶ֻһǧ˵ﾭǿĹ
ܱ߼أƽﱾͺܾλεǽΪȻҲֻһֻ۱һֻۡ
ǣ¼صĶ˿п£ܱߴصĶҲˡ
ʱܳͷֻпƾһ·
΢ùЩũţҲϣܾȫ֮˵ģС̷ǲ˵
ˣ۹ÿһسǣʵǺܶġ
ʾһʱȫ飬֮䣬ڱ档
˵п£˵Ҫ߲Աܹ¼ȡüأ޹ͯ϶ɱμӡ
߲Աʲô˼
ҿʾϵְܽܣ߲ʵͬڳֻ͢Ŀͬ
һ죡
԰һξõĻᣡ
Ҫ֪Щˣ˵Ҳÿ˽ʿһЩᡣⳡпȴǿʡȥʮֱ꣬ӲѡΡ
˵²ͬڳ͢ͳһ˱֣»ǣжأ
ǺʮҲδܿһʿлֱˣܲա
뱨ֹжʮ죬ǵץʱ䡣
еİǣҲ׷׽Ϣ֪Լסµݡ
ûã㴫Ǹء
¶˱Ľлᵽ³ΪԱȻ޲衣
пڳűϻȥҲǰһˣڶҲʰңҹȥϿ
һʱٰĸصĿƾٿԣû˲μˡ
һǺܶ˶ȥˣ˸һ棬ҲдȥǣĲμӳ͢Ŀƾٿԡ
صĵطǣԭƣǰǸϿĿȻعԼµĿƾٿ˲οҲѾˡ
»ʵ֣ܶ˶ڿǣҪԼҲʰżȥͶˡ
Ϊ󻰡
*
Ϊ˽Աѡοԣ䭺æµһҪ⣬һ滹ý⡣
Ͼֵ¿ҪҪ⣬Ҫ²ҲǷ䭼ȻǣٲҪֵһЩ
²˾һ⣬̶̼գѾǧˣǵĿԳôš
οǶԸ࿤ض֮ģԿżͯϣӦǺġ
һԭĹԺǾԲʹġ
ȥԺʵؿ˿ѸľǨߣʱ巿Ժ
û˻㱨еĿջѾϿѧסˣٲǶʱѾס
ȫ̰ѹµͬʱ䭻ȥȥļ±
Щ䭻ӪԭӪָʹฺѵģĿʵѵòҲҪǵѵĿв©ȱ
һھӪױ
꼱ӱֲԭ߽˵Ͷġ
ߵ̵
᲻թ
䭶ԴЩȵģҪ˵û⣬ǲܵġ
Щ̶Ϊ鱨ԱкܴһֶΪ˲õġ
⣬Ҳýη⽫ֵܳս
ȴû뵽ôͶԼ
ͶǼӵ۵ļƲߣȴд֤
Ľ
ױ
˵ԭǾǵģһǰɽפء
䭱Ը
ںΪǴʱӪأãʳװҽƵȣפµȱͬ
ǣ
ױȥ
ֽ˸鼳ţǰɽش̽˶Щ˵Ƿʵ˳̽̽ɽʲôӦ
鼳ǱȴǺܿϢ
սߣ붦һߣפ˴ģӵҹ涨֮
ɲӡ֤˾пĳӡ
ֹ߰죬ɽҲϢȷʵЩ˵Ǵɽߵġ
Ϊ˳ߣɽرŵĵš
ĿǰȻȱģԲЩʲôģ׼
ȻЩ߽ȹؼλãǷɢмɹ˹䣬ں䣬ȵΪפ
֮ǰ䭾ȥǼЩˡ
*
ȴ˵ɽӵĽǣһ·ɽܳĵؽ˶ֱأֱӽʱ򣬲Ÿ»صڡ
ǴʱҲ֪ѾͳһֵϢΪںִѾܻ׼
˭֪ߵ꾳ڣȻԶԶؾͿЩǳƮŻɫ졣
ǶЩţѵҲ⸴
һȥʣֹǺ걻ոֶѾȫռ졣
Ϣָ
˵ǲںΣգҲζѾȱˡ
ƾĿǰеʹ˱ȫҾ˵ȥܿѾҪˡ
ϾµʿǶǾҪѲǮ˱ԲȻǳصĸ
Ҫöá
ﶼܺڡ
ʵǣȥɽ֮ǰݾǣûлͶ
ûбİ취ߵһˣֻӲͷƤǰߡ
һ·ϣǿ꾳ڵİڽд档
˵ǰڱǶˮôãݳ޵ţ磡
̲סʳеɻ
Ҫ֪ǵûӾǰǶǴĸõũߣţءͨ˼ңľ磬ǰͷ硣
·ĺؾص
ʲôϡģǱ߶ˣµİգǿȥٸũߵġǰصҲ㣬һʮһͷţһͳ֣һͷˡ
ȻЩţڰУֻɴսʱ߹ٸҪʱʱʹá
ɼʹˣҲ㹻нʿզˡ
ڿ£ʹײֻʳİգҲԶȱĵطҸ
ũߺ֪Ҫɶ١
Ҫ£Ժ˶ŮҲܹôҸӣ
һ˻ˣ
һ֣нʿԽˡ
飬꿤⣬ؽὫڳŴǣ˵ǵѾŸ˿ĿǰҪȿʾ£ܾǷǡ
䣬Ҳѱڳפ˼©鲼£Լƾɵıڶ̴˯Լ·ϼĿݲƤȡ
һ·ϳ˸ǾͶôģҲûʲôԹԡ
ڶϣǱ㿴ǵĳŴ󿪣ؽʿųǣƺƵ
ȵдʵĿǰںפһӦʳסޣפµȱͬ
ǣϣǱȫסůձʣȺˮʮķˣҩްֱھеĽӪҸʮ
С磬Ҳÿ춼ֻʳ𣿡
̲סЩǵĺפ
פʿ
Ȼˡ
ס΢Щʧ漴־ãҲȻҲſʿĴţǵǴšĸͨʿ춼ôõġ
űλפʿ
еȱÿ춼һķݶĿǰµȱܳһ⣬ǵôǵһأ
ǴΪԾԭ⼫˵ĻʳȻõģġ
һ֪еȱÿһ⣬ϵȱŵȱϵȱÿϻһŵһ뼦һ̡
һ㶼ûٰµıܹñǴǰĵүݳޡ
ýԽļǡ
ĶԿ޶İ
׸ÿǣأ


136 
˵ǴһĽ ȴû̫ż
ΪҪȽԱпϾ˳һЩĿͷ
һ׵õľͲϧ
˵ȫԽ õһ֧ӣӪģ ٶЩ
ΪǼºָܷӣȫ̽ѵеİ ǵ
Ǿü²ף ǱѴﵽҪѱ̶ȡ
һ棬ҲΪ㹻ʱ۲ǵĶԼڵǼǵĸϺ ȴǵ鱨Ա ǵݽкʵ
Ȼ ǷŲܡ
һЩ¹мǿһʿǰȥֵ÷ԸЩʿȻͻὫµź Լѹ ֮ͬŽѰҸн
ЩţЩ죬Ҳѱܴһ˻ĶѡͶ
ԺĽðţ ָںɹ˹פ´õؽ쿪ʼʿѵˣ ΪǾö׼
Ϊ˱֤ԣ ˼ߵױ ǰȥ࿼
֮Դıʼˣ ҪΪñֱ߽ϵԭʿ
ڹ˱ȫʱºպս δͣҲûõӦеļڡ
ûʲô׼λͣ뿼ˣȻúݸ١
ڿںɹ˹µĿȱ׼һеıȥء
æЩڼ䣬֮УҲڲϵӭԸصĶˡ
ùԺÿ춼ǧƵĶǰ
ʱҪԼ㱨ĲţóԼеǼǣѡǷܵ
˵ǸʣȴҲŴˡ
ЩͷĶر࣬ÿ¥˲ϤĲģҪʺһ¡
̨㱨ĸ
ұ²أ
Ϊɷмо˾ѡܵ
϶ܰ²൱ǱȻǴţһѡϣô̸ġ
Ͳµʱ߲ʱһ︾˼һ£ң˵ǰ︾ˣеĻǾūء˵ͷбЩȴʶѹ
һȴ
㻹Ʋ൱ڻģ߹ƹܣ޶ֻɵԱҲһűأ½ÿ챨ҲǱкö඼ӡЩΪ˽߲ɲںǲǸ˼ҹ¡
£ĲŰ
ʲô취̫ˣܿϾͲˣĻݵġ
п˵Թص
Ȼ븾˼ҹ£ǳɺͳ
Ӣľ˭ҷ顣
ǰЩʱڲأ˵ǲǱŮɫԻͷȻŮϳãǻҲûô޵ġ
˵꣬ü˸ͣ񻰡
üһֱŭ
Ȳĵذգݲñ˵㲻ãֱӰѼİ˴ڶˡ
һЩĸˣ˵ĸŮֱִ򣬰⼸׷˺ü֣˸ס
ҵǣ׷򵽽ϵʱ򣬺Щ˿Χۣһ˵ЩòҶӳֱӾңûҵģҲҪǰ¼ڿˮ
ѲߵˣŰѾۼȺߡ
Ϊֵ˶Ǹˣͷ˼ˣֻ¼ڳԵòҶӳпˮ˿Ҳʹѣ˱ĵĿ⣬͵ҽݡ
Ǽֱǰڰ˱ˡ
Ժ󣬾Ҳû˭ڹϴ˵Ĳˡ
û취ЩղǸʲôŮһףֻ֪ǼŮҲأճɣǿľǶԵġ
ЩΣ˵ʲôѾäٹ꣬ҲҪȥԱȥ١ֱǲ֪ܣ
£òͷ¿Ա٣͵Ļĵ
ΪʲôӢĿƫҪ£
ôսգΪʲôܸһЩأ
վûʮȫʮ£оŷֺãǱֻܶʣµһֲһֻ۱һֻۡ
*
±ܷ飬ҲŮӣ߳լ˱
˴ٹ˼ҵŮ죬ЩոäȴϽĵŮ
ԭҶΪԼ࣬װη壬ҲǺǺµģȴкööŮӣĶһС붼ŮӣǼǵҲȫŮӡ
ĳ棬еĿ־ͻȻ
ôһ־Ľһأ
ңǻǿƵֻ֧֡ҪԼ߾ȫȥȡȥƴǱսһصϣ
*
ڼ䣬ʼչעŮ֮ʵֻǼСһ֡
ˣעĻοԻʲôĿ⣬ͼȥҼλٵѰЩ˿
Ȼ⼸֮Уֵ¿ԭΪ࣬˵⣬˸û
ң˵ѧ˳⣬޴֡
ȻԴЩĿ˵ھãҲȫûа취
ǿʼ򵱵˴䲼ĸߣι֮
ֲѡӰӵũѧ飬Ӧͤʵǹ޵ʱ±ֻҷ
ڽŵıУʱȫ
賿ڶ࿼ǿǹԺͷŶ볡ʼеһѧԡ
ͳƾٿҪͷסҹܺ䣬ĸйĳζµԱȴȫͬȻÿֻһʱ
ԵͷĹԺéȥ㣬ȻŶȡķʳ
극ϢСʱٿʼһŵѧ
űԻؿջסϢڶͬʱ볡μӲɷԡ
ͳƾٿҪµԱÿö࣬Ժͷúùһ䡣
ΪҲҪȳɼģַɣЩԣĶǣ㳹˳Ժֵ¡
˵пʱ䣬ǵն׬úɰ
̫ˣջ̷ʳذռ״ҲûѼĳʳó̯
סĵطҲЩԣģȥṩԼȥ񷿽ޣпҲջסҲֻȥ񷿡Եذնһʿɹ۵롣
ǣҲȵط֣ıлҪֵöࡣ
Ŀӿ룬ܱ࿤ص̷ǰ⣬ټϸĿǰǽֱǳˮĦࡣ
ĸزСԣиصˣݵȣ˿ۻҡ
ذҲþˣ緹ʱ䣬ߵĸȻŵ˿ˮֱζЩһͷѬ⡣
СŵģɣطƲӵʱ򣬺ܶﶼֻܺϡճӰ࣬ȥͷҰ˲ݸ伢
˵ŵ֪Щⶼǿ˷ģǰԼġ
ÿʮµİնС
Ĵֱʣ˵ʵжۺ
˶ֹ̾Ǵս񣬼ֱʢ֮ˣ
ʱգ²ǣضȫ泬Խ
ڶԽᶨ׷ľġ


137 
ľһ£ 䭽ֵ¿ȫȨϾǰһ̺ͨľֱ֣ Ȼշ
ǰѾӵͻϢȷЩȫʵ
ʮˣ ھ޹ʣҪȥɽصġ
˵Ǻϡ
ˣ ԱƸԽ 䭱㶯ȥ˺꣬һǶԺؾпˣȷǾõȼ һҲΪ˽ӼǰͶĽ
ںصȴ˽ʮ죬 ڵȵ˺Ϣ
ּ ӪָʹףӢԣ ǰ
ˣ ֯ӵλӪָʹ
ȫϲ
ˣ̫ˣ
ָʹһҪúñְ
ȫϣˣ
ǰʿ̲סԼӪָʹ
ףӢԣ Ҳܽţôã ظо ֧һľӲûжӡ
оûס
ǲȷ ǲΪֱĽ Ųǡ
ǣ ͢Ҳˣǽָúȥδأ
£ΪܶܣΪ˵ܱߵķȫʾɨøɸɾ
ңҪΪܻ֧ЩʲôµһͶҲȻ׷档
Ӫ˧ʣ˱һòͦεˣϤĴӡ
֮ǰھѹӵģһУԵΣգλߵʮ㡣
μ
˹¹ΰݡ
ƽص
ɡ
ʵ
ǰڽĸӪЧӪָʹˣΪͶڱ
˲һһԼǰ
СǰЧڽʮӪָʹݽ˷˾һ뻢ԹһֱܴѹſΨֻͣҪܳͷСıͶЧ
СӢԣǰЧڽھʮӪָʹ򲻷ڳ̸͢ɥȨͶ
СΪȻͶ飬Ե׳־ͺ²⣬Ц̸ūѪų͢ʵңСıΩԸ׷濤ǧδ֮ҵ
ӢԺᣬֻöʮ꣬ûʲôȴӪָʹɼȷʵ
ˣд־Ҳ
СİɣѵǺòײȢһӣ꣬ȴΪò̫ʦ֮ǿ°УŰҲͶԾСġ뱨𣡡
佫ýüĿȷʵиòĶӵġ
Ҫô׳־δ꣬ҪôǿзҪ뿪ɵɡ
Щھе鱨ԱĶһµģɼȷʵ˵ʵ
ҵͶЧģҲصЧ޶ģǣ
ʿǶЩˣҲĽģһᡣ
˳Ͽҵؿ˸еĿΡ
ԣ״˼Ƭ̣
˳ҲǲɡὫǴɢŵС±һѵ÷棬Ҳֻܱڽ֮еı׼ºٸѵɼս˶ȡǿԸܣ
ɫһϲͷĻȴܴ
ת룬Ȼǵ棬ȴõʿܡ
ңԼ²ǾôƣֻҪܽʱգһܻصԭĹλ
СԸܣ
ף
ܺáףӢԣɣסˡ
⻰жʱһϲ
ɫͻܾͣ׼гǵ֣ڿǰϺŵ˼ˡ
ˣĻǴС
ǸղŲȫ̽ܣˡ
պǱؾһͬǣĻθױŰɡ
˹ȥĴ𸴸֪εʿǡ
ʿ˵ʱ˷ܵػ
˵βܺʿһôģܺͿµϱƽƽǺġ
ңǱֽӪĴ׼ҲúܶడžõģԵĴĶڽ̫࣬˲ϲ
οºͻ¿˶ȣֻҪǺúѵͱ֣һܵõõĴ
뵽⣬ÿʿж־δڴ
*
պ
Ǹ֣Ƶİգܡ
ЩһϿĶˣҲһˣһǱذա
ԭ򣬱Ǵ±ֲԭӢǻˣҪڱٰʽ
صĶǶµֻţȴδ˵Թʽȥ۽硣
ȴΪ˵һϢ˵һǰͶʽЩҪǰܿģװ׷ʽ뿤¡
ǿǽֱȻҲͶ˿Ƕô˽鰡
ʷԵһ̣Ǻۼ֤
ô˵Ҳ֣ҪĻΪ˶࣬ġ
ΪⳡʽӪڱú˻᳡
᳡ΪϱĲ֣պͶǴӱųܼ飬ȷû볡붫ɽĹ
ؾ뱱սʿж볡ܼģȻ󼯽᷽չʽ
ϵؾ˵࣬ýʿ볡ܼġ
װϸ̨һֳ֣ʱս޶ƮѪɱ֮᳡
ֳͣѻȸ
΢΢ͷʾ⣬ױߵ̨ǰ׶Ͱ״ļװȫ
ʽʽʼ
ڱֲԭ׹ĵӪ볡ܿģ
ɱͷ
뱱ֲԭ׹ĵӪ볡ܿģ
ûãֻһǧ˵뷽ӣ볡
ƥߴ׳ϵսʿƤףý磬̨ʮԶ뻮һɽ
μ
̧֣
ڽʿˣƽ
һΪѸڶվڳмλá
ţһӪǰΰݣ˵ߡֱ˵ľȫ볡
¿˺ܶΣϯϵİǣǲ׳ķ
в룬˵ʦǿһۣҲܿжǿѹͳһԭ
ǱɣЩǵӵܱ
ȴԽ³
ǿʦأµش߽Ҳ赣κϮķս˭Ҳ˵Լļ᲻һ֮¡
Ψ£İ̫ƽ
˵ǰգĽҲ뻮һҵ۷
ĵѹֿǣҪǴͷʼѵ
ǹΪֱȫϸѡɲǾݾòǱԼԣȿµľӲԶˡ
д;ӽ󣬽űͻڡ
ͨʿǰɱǮһͷͶӪͻеսģһһȫӾ֡Լ˵ģһǮһͷ
һһǮ͵˸̨֮£ÿǰ콱ʿǣ˺üʮᣬٵҲ߰˹ᣬǮЯҲǳĺôһ
ιᣬҲֱʵһ͡
Χ۵İǺصĶǣѾ𾪵ľֻһͷµֵ
ǰͶĽǿΣȴǸ̼Ѫڣֱ޲̾ñ£սɱС
ʽֵϳ
һ֧˵ĽĽǧͶģ£
ɽؽϳΰݿ
ۼεʿ᳡ΧȺǶʱȻ
ǽǽף
ǿ˲ˣôˣ
ȻôͶɼǿӢͶ
Чұ֮ңοϣ´ҲһҪ
ȴһ㶼Χ۵İ˵ʲô
ֻרעԼ˲ֱͦˣ̤ͼǰչֳõľݡ
ǰͷĿʿ̫ˣǿɲ뱻ȵ̫ңпǡ
һжߵ̨ǰ£óϷزΰݣ
μԸ׷濤
쳹ȫΧȺǶ
ߵ̨ǰ̨³Ľǣ΢΢̧֣
ҾȱǱµھž
ǣ
Ӧŵ
׼õ뿤Ӫʿµľװ룬ߵǸǰ
ǽӹɫľԥϴŽݵɫɫƾۣոµľ
˶װϣӪָʹӢԽڶ
ȫ£
ȫվֱ壬롣
Ӣת̨ϵ
ھžȫ壬μ
ȫҲ¹ȣ
ھžȫ壬μ
ӴԺûɽؽֻĵھž
䭶ǵ״̬⣬
ƽھžȫλ
ǣ
վתܲ·ĩβλãɢг
ֻһصĽΣͬݣǸĳ͢һ𣬱ġ
ʽһ£ʿĻ
µǿȴڳаضоòϢЩȥһֱǳŵĻ⡣
ǰѯ仧µߣֻ֪ҪǴ񣬾ɸĻ»б㰵¾ģһȥȫһǨ
֪ǸϱϢֵ¿ϲϵЦݾûʧ㱨ʱҲɶ˵˽յʢ
Щ˺Ͱջصǵļ磬֪öذͶҪ˶ãµ˿ھܷ
û뵽һʽԶ
¶õɫ
ǿ֮ϲ
Ȼ⡣
ʽѡԱпȴɼڼ䣬ǲû᳡ǰŽĻװʽΪľİա
ԭӵȫҪѹֵԭ˿ڣι̵ƿرֽ
ѸŵƣҪԭա
ȫԱн㷢ܱ߸صԱпʾⲿͼεʽֻһļټ
ƿİѾȫЧˡ
*
˳ᢣĶһαһδЩϢȻͺȴԴԴϵشӵ۰ǰ
κƽΪѣڱĸϢһαһξˡ
ϱӵ۳Ҳ֪ʱؽ
ϱӵ۵ܲˡ
һǰ֪ͳһȫҴķʾ˵д񣬴ӽ󶼿ͨǵȵعٸȡ֤ͨǰֵʱ򣬼ӵ۾һء
ӣ뽨йҪ췴
ܻţؿٶȾˡ
κƽϽο
ϢŭҪ
ӵȴǲĵʣ
֪¡ô˵
κƽ
Ǹ֪ˣطҪһҲᴫ
ûشһ⣬ӵȴҪʣ
ô˵ʵޣ
κƽֻί
䡭мӡ
û˵䣬ſʿͿİգͬʱְѼӵһĲֵӵԼҲµˣɫ࣬Խ٣ֶڷ
Ϲ𣿰ӣǷǷ
˵ţֱӵȥ
κƽҽҲûü
һ赹ӵȻûٴз磬ȴֶһЩҽòӴƽļұÿȫİʱͨѪԷصз֢״
Ժ󣬼ӵ۾춼롣
ȡǴνѵ䭽߲Աпʾܱ߿صĶƾԶǸϿܱ߽괺ǲοֻ֮һ
ЩϢʱӵ۶Ŭסеǿȥ
ΪԼһ䭵о޷ȡκж
ѸߣֻԵܣûκʵ˺
ַĿǰû㹻ı
һΣٿʽӽյ滻װıţ˵ʲôЩӽԺĵھžʵǰȵ
յ棬ֲȰ
´￪ȫ¶Ц
һ֮𣬱Լ׶Ŵ裬ȴʲôϺδ棡
泼ӣȫǼ泼ӣҪǧУ
ٴ̲סƢЩ˹ȥ
㵼£Ĵֵӳ̵ѨλҪࡣ
糤룬㼸ʮҪһһشѨλְʱ
Ŷļӵ˵ÿһ붼ĥ
ϵĥǾϵĴݲС
þ֮ÿֶܵΣжԴ˵죡
ÿճʱ
Ϊ˱彡Ϊ˲ָصз֢״ֻҧܡ
úõػȥΪһ˻з磬˵ıȻ䭡
ɺ޵ǣܵһĥӴģ
䭲ϱ䱾һʼͲз硣
ģϱ鲼࣬ʹܼףӵж䭵ĺﵽ˼¡
ΪԼ彡Ҳ䭼ˡ
ӱϱֲļƻճ̡
Ȼôãֵ˧û̸˼Ǳֻɴͷˡ


138 
ʽ 䭱Եھž±ţһǧȻǶɾȴǷΪ֣ ±Ӫȥμѵġ
ǵĶͷӳ һɴ˴ڱֲԭ϶ĶӳͨʿΣԱõظǾ
ԭеĶͷ٣ͶӳһΪͨʿ ֻǻᱣԭڽеľñ׼
±ӪҪ£ ǽйת䣬صʶ밮յʶ棬ӵ˽ЩΥܵ ÿձйΡ
ѵ棬 һİ߾Ҫúܶ࣬ ҪµĹ򷴶ûôࡣ
ºǼɻѵĿ ǿ˵صݡ
ڵ֪䭵ּ ǲѧϰѵǳ
˴ԱƸԵľҲˡ
ֵ¿Խͳƽ͵䭸ϡ
߲ܹпﵽʮˣŮӿ¼ȡʮˣ ڽţȫӡ
£ ˴εĿίʵ˳Ծֵ¿ź룬 Цص
ʱŮ̶ܽȲͬ Ȼʱͬȱ׼Ҫ Ƿֿġ
ŮӵĿһ¬Ĺ 귽ʮˣ̻֮ңѧɫŮﶼпףѧʵ֪ʶҲһĲɲãȴҲмء
˴ľǿʵԣĲɣ¬Ĳ۵÷Ҳ
˵¬棿
ע⵽ıŮӿ׵ĳɼ˶ԷĲϸ
ŮڴʱĽ£ܵõôߵķǳעĿ
ֵ¿һ¡
Ǹͳʿ򣬸صǲۣѧɷЩҪô漰徭Ҫô漰Ƚʵõɷѧû̫ӡ
ŮӿףĿ
䭵Ļ£ȴ뵽
ѵöһŮ˹עŮܿÿףҲȷʵмֲŻ뵨ʶȵԵʱúúÿһ´ŮĲòƷ
ȴ˿ûй¶˼
˵ӿף̡
䭿˵ʮ꣬漮ϣʿ
Щȡ
нʿο
ǰˣҶû̫ϸȥעЩʲô˱ʱעҲû̫塣
ѡֻٶˣȻǿԺоһ¶Էˡ
ֵ¿͵
͢ȱĽʿһֱͲ٣˵ϯĶУлģοҲ֡˵˵Щ𣿡
̣
ϸ룬ЩϤ·ʷ֮Уи̵ģ
䭵̵ûʲôӴҪȻλߣȴǸͷģǸ˵ԣھе˲ˣȴƫԼûʲôһʱ仹ûܽ
˵ľ׽ʿ漮ڽϣ丸᯼ᡣ볼֪Ṇֱ̀һģһ
Ҫ˵̴ˣֵ¿ӡǺ̵ġ
Ͼ͢йԱи˵زˡ
ֵ¿һ꣬ø̳é®һʷ̨Ͱ˼£˵ʱһΪŵȨ
Ŀˣ̾˸ĩȡ
Ǳĩȣᱻֱˡ
ֵ¿ʱÿûˡ
֪Ȼ˴Ϊֵ̣¿˺궼עһĿˣ߻Լļ߽ˣ̲Ӽ㲻ĩȵĿˡ
Ϊά֪ĵۣûصѡ
ѾԵرʾ˶̵СȴûŰݻ׽֮⡣
Ĵӵ˽¾ۻᣬҲȥ
ԣȫ뵳ġΪ˲µࡣ
ֵ¿Ҳûֱ˼ƽϣȴҲ˶ԴӡΪ̡
ôһ˵䭶ʱȤ
ô˵пṆ̀
һھǳͷʷμµԱ
оЩš
ײĽʿ٣ȵ涼⣬ԲͶ
̿ʷôҲǵײʿһǵġ
˵ǣһģһϢҲ̫ˡ
ɻڸĵʱ⿪ˡ
Բǳ͢ӣ¿Ա䭵ױʱдõĲĿĸ⣬Աʱ
ľٴľڶٴϽ䭿ǰʮԾյΡģοԵܷ
һ磬½ԱǰǰΡ
ڳ͢Ŀƾ̣״ȴ΢˲١
Ҫ䭺ܲЩڵųֵ¿бҪάһǹƣԲʼ͹涨һ
¿Աǰ
̫վ̨ϣɤӳ
ͥǰվŵģѾɫƷٷѡԱ
ǰѾͨ񹫲Σڿָ̫µվλ
ٶгУУŮһУŮվǰͷӣɴּ̫Ž뽻̩
Ȼкһ·жڵ·ߵĻӪʿݣˣȴ˼ѹȸС
˺¿ֻƿҲֻʵȴصĵ졣
ûκ˸̫£Ŀбӵؽ뽻̩վ¹ΰݡ
μ
׵ϣһõѡ˲ţЦݺ㣺
ƽ
վ
ŵԿ˵ò
Ϊ׵λ񳣬Ҳ㲵ӣʷˡ
ǰյԵʱֵ¿ȷϹˡ
վ£һ½Աţ䭴ߣǹشĿ⡣
Ȼȴй⡣
ѵõǣΪʢʷԸѭ浸صزμԱƸԣֱҵԼ
һΪٶ˵һʿûйһμӿԣݵġ
ҪǣûЩûйʿˣʵ޹⡣
ƺںЩֱӱοˣƾɫʵ˿ס
ƷУѧʶ䭷ǳ⡣
ʱȴûеݣֻͨѡԱһԴ
΢ˣĿŮ¬ϡ
¬һλʮò㣬һŮҪߣΪ̻˼ңһĹŮҪ༸ָ
̵Щŵġ
ȻΨһѡ̻Ա
ѡģŵڵŮ̻˼ңƶ֮ҵŮȴһҲûС
΢һ䭱˼дмصԱԾĹ۵ֳ
εĲ۶Ŀ
ѡǹζž̰⣬ѡǷһЩֵļ⡣
ЩǺʵʵ⣬֮в˵дģЩȻδͬȴҲͦ˼
ѯ˿УѧҲ뿴ǵٳӦµͬԡ
ЩÿĿİͰͣЩȻţȴȻ٩٩̸
¬бʻŮֶǺܳɫһ
Ϊˣ͵һ䣺
ƣüϲұ¬׵ĲѧأƵϳͣ
˷׷׳¬濴ȥ
¬ЩȴǱֵñȽϴݣ˸Ȼ
ˣСֻǴС游̣߼±Ƚ϶࣬۲ѧͬǶӡ
̬ȻǺǫģɼҲܻˡ
⻰һԭʶüԱɫ滺Щ
ȴرʾͬ⻰˵
鲻·𻪶ʵʫģǰʵµλԺϸڣڰòµѧʶϺúԼ
ѵʾ
æӦŵ
䭵ڱὫ͵ڱʱǼǵĵַȴȻ˻ȥˡ
ͷβû̫ʾ̵࿴
ʶûӳ̶ȫȲߵĵǸŮס
һʯĳԼһĽ̬ȣҲЩ
ˣѵǶĲѧ⣬Ϊõ׵


139 
̣ νĴӵǲмһ˵ġ
ΪԸòȺ᯼ҵļѵҲǲ뵳
´ʵ֮ ֮ǲпģһ ޵߿ԡ
Ϊʷӵɱ˵ĵ
жҲܾ˴ӵ
ֱ÷Ĵӱ䵽 һһεؽ湦 ŷ֣׿Խ
֮£Ϊʵ۵ļӵۣ ȴԽԽӹܡ
ȨΪ ƽкգ ؼʱ̣ۼҹʮ ȫһĿ֣ Ϊǰ޳ǽ̰òǩɥȨĳԼ
뵽óȥգӴ˱ҪõĲпᱩ֮Уʹļף ߽֮ºüն޷ۡ
֮ѳɶ֮ʱҲ뾡ٶ԰յ˺ ðŵȨķգ ȨǾײƲӦԴ˴Σ
ɼӵɲϵȨ ȻΪ³һʼŲ˽⣬ ºҲǰͨ
 飬ռ˰ȱãԱǷнԿĻǵײĹԱʿա
ЩѹեյĸȨʵۣûܵκӰ졣
΢ᣬĻһӹȴͶܵĻʵۣбģԸȥȴҲʲô
ķṦΰΪΪǴµϣ
Ӣʵǿð˲ľأҲıĳ֮ء
ɼӵһһжˣķɵʹޣַӦ´Դй졣
Ǽӵۼ̱УȻ¶ʮڶѻؾλϼĻʵۣһֱܳ٣ܻʮ꣩
ϣϾھеÿһգܼ尾
ǸİգԴԴϵͶнһ治뷨
ҪЧҵĲĳӹĵƬϵİա
ǰ£һܳһƬĹôİǨƹȥԶھΪǿܶࡣ
ã֮ôɴԶ߱˱ӵ۱ȣҲΪԾеһʧ͸
ԼΪۣ¶˾ģһȫء
ֱ£ͷһ֪ʲô̫ƽʢ
ʱ䣬ͽƶı˸⣬й⣬˵簮
ʱʢҲĪڴˡ
۷ֻЧʵǱ¡
мߺţԣµԱƸԾ뱨ֹԥȥ
Լı£ߵǰ
ɽڵϵȴʧ䡣
һֱΪԼܳ費ϲԼԼһĽ䣬ôƲסԼе
Ǿ˵Ĳѧ̫ޣֻῼ̫ͨ
ǿΪТڲμпƷвˣ
ͷҺġԾرԽԽ졣
Ҫ뿪ˣͻȻ̫ĺ
᯿ף
᯿ף
ѹͷһǿ̫࣬س
̫ഭ˿ЦԹ
᯿ףҲߵ̫ЩۼһתͷͲˣ˺þãϽģۼߣżأ
һϲӲ
Ҫټң
ǰͷԸˣߵ̫죬ۼҶûü˵
̳ȵ׵Ʈˮ棬Ŭѹż̫˿ã˴ǿƽӼ¹ٵĳ
ãҪݣûȥһͳ
عݣ˽ֻҾ񼴿ɡ
΢㶣һ֮ݾߵҲӦõģ͡
Ҿ

׵ȷԸ
䭼Щн̬ȱԽ׺Щ
û뵽Ǽʷʱģ
æѾʷ뿤ֱʵ˵ʮǰġ
Ҳˣ
ȷ̺䭱ȥˡһסڰé
ǡ
ʣ
ıдѹʣֻһĸ
ԭһļˣϾֵ¿˵᯼ϷӦѾСˣסڰé;ƺˡ
ȴֱӹڵأֽţ
ˡȷТǰοΪȸԸȸĻᣬ˷ѡ𣬰ʧĺ׷濤Щʵ£ȸú޼ֵ
΢΢šü
Ļᣬô£
ʵӵӱ߾󣬲صĸ׸ԾֻΪȡһ뿪һ˵һ顣
˵꣬óһţ˫ֳϣ
ȸԣó뿤ġ
̽ųӡ
ϵּЩңز֮д
λүӣ˵ĽѾãȻӴδ֮ڿڣȴ֪ӺͶѾã˶ʱգԺҪԽѣǰͲƽȫҳĻᡣ
ϣ䭲ҪТ֮һ׵ԸԼҪЧĳģ飬Тˡ
Լ䭲̣д˺ܶӵĻʲô״ӱȺ飬ֱɡǿһТĵˣغ²ʹչˡ
һһ䣬޲һλ׳İ֮ġ
ţЩлҲΪᵽȸʱ˻̿֡
ܺӰ죬Тʲô£ʱʿ򳫵ТȻòТǴ治
ТģСĸǰТǴТֺʽӲЩҲ˽黳
ڰ˳䣬Ժż˺úûţǲһƬġ
û뵽Ȼº͵ذοԼкǸж
л
һҾ
£ٴԷ£תƻԼǰЩ⣺
䱾ǳ͢٣ǰͶЧֱ븮ݼɣΪλҪȥμԱп
ɫ
ɷأصġȶп¼ùĹأ̤ʵ¼ãȴǰЩߺţδ࿼
¶Ц⣺
ֱ鴫
ˡǫѷ
䭺
»ȱһ˾෬ʡ֪Ը
Դӵ֪̱Ǹʷ̺е뷨
ηȨ󣬸һȨ֤ϳ࣬ɼҲǺģǸɹ١
˾ʵû̫ߣҪѼƽ
ûб̸ʵѡˡֵ¿Ҳ˶̺ܺʡ
̴Ϊ𾪡
ȫû뵽ԸίΡ
ЩͶĽҲں˺ܾõĵűɡ
˾߲֮һէεºܱίΡ
䭳Ͽּᶨص
˾Ҫм֮𣬶ž̰ܻѹ֮¡ھǶܲηվȨ֤οб֧֡
ţĵõ˾
͵Ŀ⣬мѡ
ֻǰм뾭ĵΣգһ̵õ˻ر
ĽһίΡ
Ҳ˲˵˽²ù֣عڵأİص
سУ
ʿΪ֪ҲԸ
ԽżЦ
ôҪΪЧúúñǡ
ʵ̫̫ˣʮ꣬ȴŸʮһ
˵ţַԸˣ
ȥһǧ᯴ҷѡ
ֶ̻ȥ󣬺ټˣΪĸβԼҲһ
˵䭾ЩȼĽƶȵģƴǵ
繦δ˺͡ⲻϹء
䭾ûͻҪƵġ
ǮԱǵнٺѾǹˡ
ҲѲʮֱˣ鼳Щ´󹦵ĽҲ˵Ǻ͸صĹԱʦǺ󣬶Ѿһʹ͡
¸ԣˣǵȻҲõõͬ
ǾֵĲȨܴ취ıȡܶ˽ƫ𺦰յ棬մ֮֡
ֻƾ뷨ȥԼԱҪùԱںϷΧҲõһܣܸõؿԼ̰
нǿɳչ֮
ƶȴƶǺ͵ġ
ҲϣԼܸɵ¹̫࣬Ľ͵
£Ϊ٣һнٺôࡣ֮⣬껹㱾Ŀ˳ɼŽûһǧĽ𡣱㣬ࡣ
֮㵱ǰԤ֧ٺ
̱𾪵˵
Ҫ֪ڳ͢һнٺҲٶʲҲİٶ
ĳٵнٺֻöٶ
нٺȳ߱͢
ȻЩԱǱԹ˵нٺ̫٣ˣɽ̿ƽյ룬Ѿ˺üʮˣξ̰Ĳ㡣
⡭нٺǲ̫Щȥ֧ŵס
Ϊһɹ٣Ѿ˾٣òԵĵط̲ס
ԣĵ治µ˰
Ÿ͸ֱ͹ԱǵĹʡ
Ҫں
Ϊ̰̰ö࣬Ǳöࣿ
һȻʵ
̰öࡣ
Ц
ǲͶˣʵĸн̣ܱԱ̰ī˽԰յ˺ЩǮƱǧֵֵġ
ңǮҲʡģѵǸĽ취
ϸ룬˵ȴǳе
ңΪ߲ƶ˸๱׵˱͸øߵĻرƩļĹԱѵԼͼ˹ϱȳ˺úܶ
߲ƶ
һ𣬾ǲۿ
Щ꣬ŮھгСˣΪźᱻżΪԲ˲ηӣԽ´ѡ
ΪȨǾǮȾһǧ洫ԺӶˡ
Щ꣬Ϊ븸׵ļ֣ĸǳ̫̫Ŀࡣ
ǲü˹һ㣬ɳ͢涨нٺô࣬Ķǲ֮ƣܱΥȥЩڻҵǮ
¼ľΨп˵ó߲ƶĻ
İŰգһİµĴ󳼡
ػųӵľȻиסԼıġ
ٴһҾأɤӵ
֮ҡµǧ֮ҡ


140 
˾һ ¹ϵͳԱǶΪ𾪣ôѡһοĿΪ߲֮ף
Ҫ֪ Ŀ϶߲Ϊ Ҫ㿪ʼѵְġ
˲ֵǰȴȵֵ¿ȥ̽ϢԭܹĶһ𷴶Ծͺˡ
ǱϾ߲أ ˶ŵλã Ŀʵ̫ϧ
ֵ¿˶ģֱӰ̵˦ϡ
˲ηǿȨ ֮ ˭ܱȼ磿
˶ʱƿԡ
 ǵʵԶϲ̣˼ҿǶ׵ʿ ǵʷ
Щ ߵģҲһӦͤĩλ
۶Կģ˼ϼҴǵʷ֮λǧټͶ
Ȼ Ҫľǣ⣬ ˭ķЧأ
⾭· Ҫ¹ѻ ˻Ǽнβˣ ץ˵Ͳźá
˻пǣ ֪̾ǾǵʷǷ׷׷ԼܸܰĶ֣١
ǵ֪ʷΪµ˾רżԱҲǻ衣
˵˾ڸضþٱأһӵٱţͻ˲֤ʱͲЩٵĸɻˡ
˾˷ġ
ǿӢŴͲš
ɲǣǿԶ־֮ʿͶ
*
Ϊ˾һ£²û̫ˣϢӵ۶ʱȴӵùǺ
µαӣ޾͸Щ
ӵƿڴ
ЩײʿҲͰˣʷҲͶ䭣¶ô
ҰοҪһʱȴҲɾó
һͨƢκƽʲߣ
´￪ȶа취ֹɢ
κƽϰ˼ӵΪص´
ƽĶۣļҲ̲ιֱһηǿȨľӣмġںͶʲôԡ
ľܣڳֻӣֻȥ£һչˣΪβȥء
޲˵Լжϣ
£ǵ޲ܻӭ˶ȥ޷ֹ
ӵ⻰һ󰵺ޡ
Ĳë֮أܱڳǺ޲һܴ
ƫֲֹ֮ܽóף֪Ҫ׬߶Ǯ
ɺ޵ǣǵϢЩȫɢֻԽ䭵Ӱ
Ȼûã±ھǷΧڴ￪
ϲȨԸˣĴͷˣԺҲõʲôͱ˵
Ȼ̲ܽűʹҧҲ˰
ңѲ⣬Ǳ˾İѱʵʵǰ˭֪ӵۻ᲻ʲôʱԴΪʰǡ
ЩоԹֲʯģʱȥ̵ܻ˵ТˣͶҲТ
ȻͶĵڮٵ۸𲻵̫á
Ƿ˵
⳯дû˼Ҫ˵᯴ߵúã
᯴˶ˣɼ⳯͢ѾõˣΪĳ͢껪᯴һȥ´һΪ
԰µԱԣʵȿƾٻˡ˵ֻҪиͯĹܲοֱӾڹ٣Ǯȱ
ֺ¶ﶼЩʲôȲش̽
ǵĻֱӾͱԱ̽֡
˲ģ
ǿɱˣٺãҲǿຮë֮ء
Ȼ⻰ͱ˷
ɾˣ˵ǣһձһշˣطҲ٣ԺȻǻԽԽõġ
ô˵»ȥãǲ֪׺ʱп
㲻пҲֻҪȥ£ȫҲŮһ˶ܷĶء
ҾһĶˣʱǲҵǰǵͷ
²ĹԱǣ׷׶۲ѡ
˵ʷһȥ˾٣λͬ飡
һɳ찡Ҳ֪ξô
϶Ϊˣһ˱ȲáɾʵȥҲھǻ㡣˵ǱߵĹͬĵȼͬ£õٺǳ߱͢ҪǱֺãܴﵽʮ
˻˴󷽣
˭ǮءҲ룬͢ʲôʲô˱־Ͳ˵ˣʢ޲ǣµ٣жԣ
ǰôû뵽ټȥͶأ
ǰôһߣǿ߲ˡ
ҪЩ̡ؾöá
꣬⻰һҲˣǧ˵ã

¼ӵ۶Լ͢ķӦֻ֪һǰ㣬Ҳա
̫ʦǱкνչ
̲סߴٳ
ܿȡ˳̫ʦսӼļ
ӵչӣܿšüͷ
Щģ̰ᣡ
б뱱ֺʣȻηηţ˻Ӷ԰ȴǼͶ
෴ռӶļǳأҪҪˣһ㶼żٲȻ˴ڲĹй
̸̰ҪҪԴһ㣬ҴɳǣԸ⳷ԭ
ӵȫԼҲܴӦֵֹ
Ĺ⣬֧ôңҪĵǶºɳǣ൱ֱӶԱִ򿪴ţֲοϴӦԾĹ
ԭӵǴĥʱ䣬ñЭĥЩ죬Ǳ޿֣Ȼ˿á
䭲ƣԹѩٶȣ͵ԽԽ죬üӵеĽȸдﵽ˼¡
Ҫס䭣ȻԺ䭶˵ǱȱָѶԸʮ
ΪˣֻһЩЭò
ȥ̫ʦ֣߱޿ԭӵвԨɳǡѾǴĳˣǲ֪ôǴҲƴһ
ǰ걻䭾סּܻ󣬼ӵ۾ѧˣֻԼ۵飬ܲ°ֽ֡
ų̫ʦ˼֪ô̸
ڴӵĲ⻰ɹ˿ء
޶ȿԷſ·ӣֱɳǡ
Լ٣Լı¡ǮǴӳ͢óȥģҲ̸ɥȨ
ǡ
Ըսߡ
*
鼳Ҵ߽ǰȥ䭡
ս鱨ȥ³ǡֻǣ̸нΣǵ̸Щʲôǵɴ̽
˵⻰ʱ鼳Щꡣ
Ҫ鱨ȴΪǲõ̫Χֺ͢עرܣ̽Ϣ
ĺܵӰ쵽ľߡ
ԣ΢΢ü޳ָʶû档
鼳֪ǿֵܼ˼ʱСҲҴš
ãŻ
ս߶򣬵Ҫ͸¶ȥݾߡı취
鼳ȥ
ǺЩǰͷֳ̫ʦżս֮ȥսߵ³ǣûñֻˣȥһ˱־Ӫ
ľٴ鼳вΪǳ͢ǱֲԿ˵ǵˡ
˽͵һ𣬲ʲôԿûô
Ȼγ̫ʦıܹʵ̫ãǾǻ˺ܳʱ䶼̽뱱̸ֵʲô
ʵ̫ˡ
¿˵취֪¸βƾ֣ʮֵǡ
֪ߺûãױ
ȥ᯴ܳйҪ顣


141 
ڳ̫ʦǰ־Ӫ̸ܺһ£ Ȼ֪ݣԼӵ۵Ĵȴܲµ߰˷֡
ǶϵȻҪ̸ ޷ҪԸ
ӱ˵һ;Ϯǹķ̫ ǣܻܿٱʹͬлľ档
ôԼӵ۵磬 ܴɵ ˫ͣսñִػصԭǣ
˶Լӵ۶ԣָܻشƽԭ ܸҡ
Թĺôǲģ ϾֲԭѾ ˻عʵް֮ԭȫ
Ըӵ֮ǰ ڶǰȫġ
ԣ Ƿ̸֪ݣԲûôҪ̽Ҳֻȷ˫̸ȶѡ
̽ Ҳ̫ǳ
еѰģȷԨ˵İΣ
ʮ ȥƿصԭ ǣ ԭֱӹԨָӵϻжʮһ
ȥ뱱սԿõǲ֣ Щ± ʵϴԼʣˡ
ⲿˣʹΪãҲܳΪĵˡ
һǲܱӵָһ棬ǲܴ򿪹ذŹڻزԭ
ڳԭ·ߣֱӱϴɳǡ
̫ƽ̹ĲԭҪȫѣЩ޴ڲԭңձͳһıֲԭʣʹңҲΪڵʱϮӰչ
ˣ򲻵ѣȫȫβ˻زԭ
ʵԸţ£ԨڷԭѪ
òӵʹУԨͷ
磬Ԩļв
аܡھ̸ӵ۾Բʿ̫Ϊɵġһá
ĳϣִʵʵˣԭδһ¡
߶ЧӵҲֱԨɳǣɸĽ졣
ԣҪִѻԭ֮ڣؾζΥ
һԨھеļ˾ͺΣˡ
ԨΪ⽮ھеļˣһᱻܿأֵ¿һ뾩ġ
ֵ¿ΪԲߡ
ǰ䭱㿪żɽǵԵɣȻʵ
ǱѾ̽ȷϢԨļˣ¶ɳ̫ʦӳʵļءƹҼðѿžǸŵĳȨǿа취ͷ
ط⽮ļ£ʱڻ˵ģΪıǷֹ
ӵڴʱóȥԨļˣҼɼԳ¼ҵΡ
ҲζţֻҪͨһˣԽԨļȫȳǡ
ǰ͵۵ĳûʲôӴ˴ͶĽ֪˺ɫ⣬㲻̫˽˵ˡ
µĹԱҲֵ¿ܻ֪̿öһЩ
Ҳ취ž͵׼¸Ļˡ
ֵ¿ȿڵ
˺̰ͯƣֻǡԨļˣȹϵش֮£ҪɫǮºѡ
ҲΪ֮
ȴ
Щڳ¼ҵİѱ֪Ƿϡ
һϲǰʷרץȨСӳģȻܵõ
˵
̵
Ǳųǽÿש´òǩ֮һ£ؿܳš
΢΢ͷ
Īǳ¼йأ
ݾдϢӵսȷԴ½˴ãõһԺգȴѾӵ۶Ȩû壬ֱƽߡ
̵
ǡᵱ˼ҵǲ˹ɵġ·󣬳¼֤ݣȴǱõһЩ˼ҵ˱Լ֮飬ָ֤Ҳ¡
ʱѾԳ͢ͼӵʧ͸ûվѡ
ӵ¶ԸȨ󣬸οĸ̫ʦһҵǣԱ˺Ĵ
ֵ¿ʱ뵽¿𵽵ã̲ס׷ʵ
˲ںδ
˵ڼС
ǻһҪЩ֮ͽ֮Է뷨Щõȴûϵ֤ǡ
ã
üˣƽȳԨļˣһ
ƴǵ
ֻǳӦ֮壬Ҫ͡Ԩ󽫾߹رգҲͬ塣Щ֤ΪȳļԾ㲻ȥռ
Ҳ磬ȡ֤ݺ˽е˲дһݣеһ漣벿˱ֳװϻ
߹ȡʮȫͨƱװһ˷ϻ
֮⣬дţһϻװһ⣬Ȼͨվӱ͵³ȥ
*
պ󣬶¾Ӫ
ʿؽ󷨲󽫾ԨֶһѲָ㡣
ͳıˡ
ܹΪ֣һԭֱϵһǴһȴ±
ǰͷһ뱱ֵĲսԭµֱϵĵֻʣˡΪ˱ֶؾսò취ļһЩ¾ѵ
ֵ֪±ȫ϶Ӧޱţִһ˱Լֱϵ
Ա϶࣬Ҫ̿ѵʱ
ż
誼Ԩߣ㱨
ͨɽͨɳǵɽ誱㻻ص˸ߣѵɳפصģԨһĸ졣
⻰Ԩһ
漴̱ԸԼѵȻŶһҴһص˧ʡ
ŰյĶԨ
ԨϵķͷѸǸľż
ûãֲ˫ֲ쿴ľ
Ա߿ţһ
ôôƱ
ʶԼЩѹɵص
һ䣬ᶼƱɡֽʺ
Ԩ
ǡܹʮȫͨõͨ
誾ˣⱲӶûôƱ
ЩǮ㹻ԭʮľˡʿãǲƱģͭǮ
һŻعʵ
⵽ô°ôôƱ
ԨձŽзңҲҪһ׽֮˵ҲûԼ׶Ӹʵˡ
˵ɳ̫ʦ̸ʱ򣬺ܻܿǴɳǷŹڳء
һ㶼˵ĻԶʱŭ
𣿾ҪŹڳأգʿʮǵ֮£ôܷߣ
Ԩ̾Ϣŵ
ǰǳ˽Ը´壬Ϊͬ⡣
ĻЩ˼
ƽʵ
Ǵ¸ЩƱкιϵ
Ԩ
˵˽µĿ˶ǳ̫ʦӳᣬģʮƱгṴ˼ھǳǽʹÿש֤ݣԼױš
ǸˣЩʱ׿ʲôˡ
Ǯգ֤ơ
ó֤ݻûãǳ֣֮а취ֵ½֪¼Ҷٲ֮ء
ˣ¼븲𣬱ֻܽˡ
Ͼڼӵǰĵλδػ֪Ҳǵ³֮˵ףԲ·
ϲЩ״Σ
ЩѼ˾ȳ𡭡ʮǶپѰȻΪǼ˻ôǮ
ԨǵĿһƱϣɫֶݣ
ʮƱʲôΪ˲ΪѣôǳضδȾָ
˵ԭֱӾȳ͵³Ǿû·ˡԼѡȳˣھвõ֣ᾡȫЩȳˡԸҲǿȣ߷ؾǵѶЩǮƱΪر߹ʮĽ͡ƽ˾˽Ӽžۡ
ԾʿõؾʵͨǸӶˡ
ͬ˵ֱӲ߷ؾ
ȻѡȨǸӡ
ǰߣÿһѡһΪǱȫ˼ˣǲϹ˳Ҳɸȫƽ
˵Ǹر߹Ϳ๦ߣӲͣڱ档ǷԸ˳վǵĽǶȣȫλؿǵĸܡ
ʵΪβ۷
ҲĽ;Ķ³ǣɳȴһһ䶼ûפʾˡ
Щ޷ľūʲôҲûߡ
һΣѾ˼ΪǾԮˣڶ˽ҪΣĹͷҲǹǵԸ˿ûֱӱǹ˳˼
ˣǱ͢²¼ɴѹ˭ǡ
ֻͷǱסһ㣬ͷҲͣ
˴ѱ
Ԩͨص˵ͷ
ʱĿ֮һƬ㡣
ˣӶµһ̣ͶսɳʬľļˣҲִ߱
ǰֻǴ㿹ּȴǾֱͶؼִΪԭصǧճһ޴
ΪûҵӢıǧҲϧ


142 
һ̣ Ԩֻǰδеɡ
ʵһֱ֪ԴĽʾԮ¾ʿ
ֱϵҲˡ
 ǰδԴ֮ڿڡ֪ ļھǣؾܷ
Щʿǣ˽ȴʱѶµϡ
ɽؽͶϢ ԽŨء
ȥͶ Ϊʲôǲԡ
Щǣ޹ҵĵǲϾСܱ𣿡
ʱ˽š
ÿÿۣ Ԩоͺܡ
ʿǸ һֱ߾ȫǹϸõӵġ
Ѿ˸õѡ ȴֻѡѹ
ΪɳǶң˱ֿɳ֮
 İеĺ֮ǣ Ҳ˳Ӧʿǵ⣬ȥ¹ˡ
ţһµʿǡ
ֻϧʱܹϢ ȻЩǲ֪ж࿪ġ
뵽 Ԩѵõ¶Ц⡣
*
ʮ һӾ̶;ɳ˶£ ֱ˶³еһլԺ
 򱱴󽫾Ԩصȴš
ûã ţͷʮƽŮ١
Щ˵ĳ࣬ԨӼӭȥ

磬ܣ
ֱӳ嵽˼ǰ
ԨĳӺӣҲһ
Ԩѹĵļߵͷϸǰ
ˣһ·вʣ
ϸЦҡҡͷд᣺
һжãһˣžˣ
ԨԺӵļˣֵܣޣ֮Ϊž۶ϲҲѵõϲɫ
ϱӣĸŮԼ͹ܼң˶˶¡
ҲڼӵۣҲõȫ
½ͷл鱨ӪĽʿһ·ܲϷļˣ˵鱨Ӫͷ֣˸
½ͷæ㿪
󽫾ǧôǶǷ֮¡ңŵ޷죬ǳ᲻òǽͳǣæ˲ٹؿûΣգ
Ԩԣжĸмһ¥
ԭһ·ϻܶΣգµʿΪļ˶кܹⲻȥȫû뵽ܰŵ׵ûκ˵漰µ鱨Ӫʿȫƽ˾ǡ
ν˳ǧ֮⣬ˡ
*
ֹʮ죬ھһµķ󣬱ֵͳ˧ںʹ˳Э顣
ȣ뽫ֺһ黹
Σȫ°䲼ּйپǵĳ˵·Ͻй
ڴõв·ȡū
ģִزԭҪͨóǮԮǲԸֹ
Ϊ˫ĳ⣬ҲԸͷӸǳط²Ĵ󲿷־ūüӵ۵°ս
ӵԭǲ´κּּģֻսߵǳ̽ӣڱִʱ׷
ٸɳؽֱӴ򿪳ţűִ뿪ˣ֪һס
ַò˵ѾȲҪǳأҲüӵֱӸӵּҲϷǺĳ⡣
ΪöвָоԸ֣Ҷ䭵ķչӵջҧӦˡ
ȻΪϹȥʥּдǣս˲ƣΪʹɽԶ¸ս಻ԣΪðս֮࣬Ӧ̸ֺ֮룬űִԭ
Ϊ˲ƻѵõ̫ƽɳߵפգϮִ
ģʥּһȫǿҵĲսԼߵĶɳһЩֱ뱱ֽսѪʿΪ
̸Ǻ̸͢ʵۻûеˣ
ǻܴ򰡣ΪʲôҪ̸
ôֵգӵˮѪȾˣôܰװ׷ߣ
ʮԩƽ
ܵĻʵۣͰЩȫˣ
԰ȥ̸öãȥļֵǵĳ𣬿϶ͱˣ
Ϊ˲ھ𻩱䣬̫ʦսϣʿǵ
ΪˣרŲ߻ӭսūʽ
߰ݹᾱܿѵԭ²ľرϵ⣬̫ʦվڳ¥ϣű¶ǵǣң˵Ϊƽǽ԰ҵž뱱ͣսġ
ֱЩ˸жӢʴȣԼӵ۸мѡ
־ӳ룬̫ʦţǣȫʿۿЩ˵Ĳ״ǻص͢ļж
ߵĽʿֱԼͬ˲״ҲĬ
ͣսøڿѣǿʱԼĳޡ
սЧӵ۱ԴΪ˼·Ϊ̸ӻ߰ū²֮£ƽϢ˲Թԡ
ʱû֪ľһ·Ӷ԰شƽԭ϶˵һأϴ˵عٸյȫ°˴׳ͶΪūԽɽΪͻĵشһ·ɳǶȥ
һαֵٺ޵ߣذз߱㱻ɱصĴҲʧء޷ֻǰԮϣ͢ɱʧĲֶ
Ĺؼʱ̣̫ʦôЩٴɿòƽϢԹߣûЩˣֱھӪС
ˣһЩҳڳ͢Ľȥصĳţκ˳룬©
ڱ˳شٶĸֲʳʲ彡׳ūƺƵ˾ɳһ￪ĵط
פɳǿԨһҪȷһʧǡ
ΪֱİŴľѾҪ;ƿݣˣǲע£ĵضԶӶ
ھ³սܣһ󣬱࣬Ҳ֣Ӧ
ģѾһǰɳǣȷԨפȫ뵽Żʾǡ
Ϊ˲ٱ͵Ϯһ·ÿһǣǳ
Ŵľش˿ַȷϵ
Ǳ߿춯
ֺһٶʷУʱԹĿûԵĿࡣˣŴľ
³ҲǱ¾͵ϮģԴ˿ҵģûһ㲻ͷش
ѾȷϹˣǱһûûκγ󡣡
Ҫ͵Ϯûһǲܴɵġ
ҲҪϴεǧ˹ģ
Ҫ˶ıݱز٣طΧڲһ㶯
ôʱ䶼ܷ쳣Ҳζţû
ŴľȴЩ
Ӧðôܷұִزԭ
ᣬҪץסǾͺˡ
˷Żɽ
ҲúĽʵʤ۱磬ܴķ濴û˱
ǸǻҪɳ𣿡
ԼжϣԼսĸشϣһҲûר
Ŵľ˺ܾãջİ
ȻҪԭƻ£
ԭѾȫռݣǻȥһĴԷ
Ҫӵʵʵṩ㹻ĲǱռɳǡ
ռɳǣʱԴϱߵĴϻòȦΪ
ɳǶߣǶֵأ򲻵֮ʱҲԺܷصõ֧Ԯ붫ֶΣա
񣬰ڻɳǵĵֿģҲǶɳǵľʱ
ǲΪһӰͷĺûᡣ


143 
ǰĶ³ ڶʿҲһ
ΪǰЩʱգʵ۾ȻǷűִ˲ؾʿǵըˡ
ؾ ܶ඼شƽԭ
ֱϵȥ˶ɳȵؾסǵѣ ϱߵشƽԭ
ִ£شƽԭʱ˵Ѷڱִɱ°ӣ ֵܵսǣ ҲڱִΧɳӻصʿ׶ڱִϡ
ѪĪڴˡ
ƴһһ䣬Ҳ뽫ЩմѪϻȪ·
 ʵ۾ȻǱִػĹذ ִ߱
ܸġ
Щӣ ²㽫٣ʿǼ Ԩ
󽫾 ܷŵ뿪ȥɱЩӣ
ǰ󽫾Żɽ񱱵Ѿɽ飬 ʧٴһ̲԰ɸ˺ ô˻󻼣
󽫾 ֻҪԮ ˫ϣ ضӵͷԭأ Ϊǵµԩ
Ƶĺǧʿߡ
Ԩûг棬ֻӼ渱誳ʿǵ
һһʿǺ
ʱֿսĺʱǱİţŴ󽫾սһѷڱֵΪȥѱڴ֮ǰͣ
ƾԨڱţʿǵķʱ
ɵȵʹߴһҡڵؽɳǣҪڴ˴صԨʱڶ߹ʿǻǺ޵ҧгݣĿѡ
󽫾ܷǣ˲ĵع
ԭʿţ˿û·˼ʹٴͨ뺣
󽫾ұֺǴĹڴˣȫɳǣΪҾ·ҵȱ㵱ǶԴʵۿּ𣡡
ԨͬʵضǣĿǿ̹ǵĳޡǿŭ裬
ͨΪʹթţԱҾʱǷ
ԡǱ뱣֤ϱɵϵаգҴзţ
ԱִԣǵʱҪıҪȷڴ֮ʱ͵Ϯ
ԨؿλʹߣȻ󺬺޵
ãӦǣҲԶţȫɳǣ
Ȼ󽫾ģ
ǣԨʼ֯סɵϵİǽг롣
ɳݣʵлŵİջֻԭ֮һסɵĸ֮١
ǲسԼķݣҰҪ󣬽ϱɵĴȫ򿪡ԨҲųؾ롣
ʱִǣɵѲ߼飬Ȼֽ븽ᰤҰѲ飬ȷɵŷﶼûκŻȥ
̨Ѿȫϸˣɵûκ쳣
ԨҲȫˣ
ʵ
ǡ
ǵʲôӦ
ʹ߿ص
޲̻ǣȴòӣԨҲ
ԼĸһۣŴľʣ
ǱΣ
˺н죬ȫδ뿪ǼԵ֮ء
Ŵľŵͷ
һ
Σ̽ǣ
ǣ
ƺƵľִ̿νУѾ˼ƲߣȫǣԹΪǱڳŸ̹رճţˣ֮Ĺصλ̱תˣѴ֮ռǳء
һر˳ΪسһɳǶҲԱǽŵ޿κΣҪ
½УǰͷĶߵúú˾ܶؽǳء
ϱɵ֮ܳҪɾ˻Ǻ׵ġ˽ǳأһ£жʱ
ĹڴʱΪǶžĳдúԶ
ûãεɳȥ̽Ǳܻ棺
̨ѹرգ
ǰͳѲʱȥŸǱһǱ̹رճš
ǰŵģĸŶȷȫرˡϲ
ռг¥׼أ
ǣ
ӦŵȻصԼĶ
ʿǣռɳǣϱ߹ԭؾȻǵģ
ʿɣ̺Ųĸȥ
սʮӣȾ˧λĹ¶ڴЦ⡣
Ȼһ̣ϵЦݱˡ
Ϊ˷ȫ׵ıը
ףôף
ʧɫ
ףǲף
ϵİŴľƷ㴭ϢţҪ鿴ͷΡ
Ƭ̣Ǳǰ洫ҽܾսԤıţųķ񱼶
ƥױըţзɳƬ˺󣬱Ȼʧȥơ
һϣѵ޷ߵġ
Ϊ޷ҵκһֶοըʱɳƬս
һӹ׵ɱˡ
װǳǮǰıҲֻаǧŴĽսбһ롣
Ҵʱ£ЮʹҲް취
һЩʧصײκ˶ܱⱻ̤õ³
ݣ
󺹣
ţԼ׵ɱȥױһʶˣͼѰһȫλá
Ȼ˷ܾսô˶޷ⱻײ̤ˡ
ǣм䴦ִۼĵطҲ漴⵽׵Ϯ
ɳɣ̹Уȫǲҽ
Էݣ
һƬУӦ
ҲϽױŰŴľݳԳŷŵķݡЩطǼģȷûвҿԶɵĲ̤
ȫľӣȫ˿ֻ
֪ǰΣȻǱľ͵Ϯˡ
µǣǱΧ˳УӶûطӡľ飬ǱȻȫû
⵽ô£ǲ˵ûз𣿰ô£߱
ץסһЪ˹ʵ
ǳ֪ʲôأֻܽͰ͵˵֪ùγ嵶㽫ͱ
ʱչ˰Ŵľʿ³Ͻ嵽ߣ
̨侲Щ˵ڷݺͷַ֯
ҵĹǣʼ֯ϷȻɵ·ߴԼİ׵ĵطͶʯͶġ
죬ȥǣ
ʿֽýطԽͼǱ߿ùЩڲͶʯʿ
Ȼǻûͱͻķɼɱ
ԣİ׵ľڱЩͶ֡
ɳȥͶֵûӦеãЮŲòӴܵıʿ֮һҵ˼ʱܵ˵·ߵķ
£ĿɢˣײϮֹͣ˹
ڰŴľָ£ټ֣ͻΧ
ǲȥţԭץľū
Ǻսʹִս
ѾȷϳûΣգǰʱ밢ŴľڳбʣЩԭūеԭӦϮǣûȫסǰǲûдЩ˽ǡ
ȴǱҪĵطܷӱִƣҿЩԭūֵԭʿĹԱΪǵȡʱ
ȻǵûͻΧɹ
ԭΪƿصҲ֪ʲôʱ֡
ճ嵽ţӭǵıһ׵Ϯ
ʧ˲ǹǰŴľָӾˡ
ȻⲢǲġ
ΪѾ򿪣ͷƵԭɱų߳
ڲĳУ˶ıƣֻս
ȼеԭȫơ
һһҹսִȫ𣬰Ŵľڻ
˫֣Ѻ͵Ԩǰ
󽫾׽²ˣб־ȫ
սƺԨ϶Ϊġ
ģֺʮǻУûԼˡ
أȥҲҪϡ
ôҲ벻ףΪʲôȻ
ҪҲҪ׹


144 
ԨӸµؿ޵а˼ӣ кʹ졣
Բбδͳʱ򣬱ʱϵʿ ȵصĴׯɱԭȡ֣ɱһׯ ²׽ԭȥ
ʴ£ǳɱǡ
ֵԭˣʮ
 İ£ ǳ׵˱ץסħΪȥİʿǱˣ
ʱĹ ҲŷɥУ ֻһǴõĽ
ԨĿض ص
ɱ㣬㻹䡣ʵ㣬 û
ܣ Ҫսۣôܲ٣ûµĽʿҲȻôף
ôҲʵǰΪǿе ǰмһ˵ԭ
Ԩż԰
ȻΪϷҲŶʵڣ пĻе֧Ԯ ˣ
Ƴ𾴵 ŵصɴ۾
㾹Ͷ ܣ ͶҲܰ׽㣡
ԨһȻ
أЩģ
ˣʵ˴εֻİٻеͶ֧ԮͰ׺ɳǷսָȨȫҲ⡣
űǸжԺ
׺Ҫ´͢˶ֶΣü׻ȥоûгɹ
һΣֱӸССǧö
˻ĻеͶֺѺױûٶκ
ԨԾ޶ģҲǲŹ˳İҾҲû͵ΪʣôͰҪ׽ǶεΡ
ָɳǵķսǶ߿϶
һһε˾ãΪǶѱ֪֮
ףѹɵ̽Ӹû̽ļԭûгֻ׺Щ׵ʿ
ΪǣǸԸð˴ķգһжȫȨԨС
ɺ޵ǣΪķոûԨѾأֺıȫɥɳǣ
ɶ̫ɶˣ
õ˵⣬û̼Ԩ
û뵽󽫾ģͲ֪ǵĻʵ۵֪º󣬻ôԴļأǽǿ飬ǰƤڳǽղ
ԨβնģЦ
ļȻȫӵ˶³ǣǵİȫˡ㲻ĲԼǲǻᱻƤڳǽղ
ɳֻսԨڵ˵Ľʿʵûô⡣ץˣҪô²ôҪôֱһʹ죬ûʹĥ
Ǹȥ
˷µУ³пҲһ
ʱʶԼʲôѵõҲ˿־壬뱻ĥ׼ҧԾ
ϧԨͷĻóѣֱһж°ͣȻ˲ֶױ
ȥúÿأһ磬ҾףᣬٹնսҴӢ飡
ǣ
ڶһ磬ʵ̫ص˱ǣʿѾУϡ
մһʤ̣ɱ˺ö౱ӡ
˵ʵܶڶµģ̫ǵôɾʹǰδлԻ͵ս
ɳԭʿǣֻ֪ԼܷŭòΪʵ۵ּ⣬طűִǡ
˭֪ûãŵĳű㱻رˡ
󽫾ŭ
ӹȻҰģûȡɳǣҵȾǵıóѣԺ𣬴ұһɱӣΪȥͬ۱𣡡
ӦͣѾǱűľģƴֻʣһˣҲҪ߾ȫɳǡ
Ȼ󽫾ȴ
ҷģսҾʤǰľӾѾףڳ׵ˣ
ɳפصʿǣ˶µʿǲսģ֪׵ԶʱĴ
æǿ϶ȡʤ
ȻǱ˳˴˷ıըûãҲǲ֪ʲôʱõԼ˸ˡ
ʿʱѪڵسгȥ
³ǵפΪǰ죬ͻȻѴټ˵ʵҪűֵľɳǣ󽫾ıִʹթûռɳǣͨɽǱɳ⣬Էһüʱɳǡ
ǣǱҹѾҶɽľӳҧ֦·һҹɽ¡
ⷽ棬ϴʿһս󣬶ؾƽҲѵġ
ɽϢʱӵɳǴϢ
ӹȻͼռɳǣǰȥɱС
һ˵սʤľڳʱըҲأǱѩ޵ĺʱ
һ˵ԮɳˣؾҲʿǡ
ϴζ³⣬ǵ´ԮŽƳ֮ΣȴȥɱУ˱㱻µľˣοһҪץסᡣ
˼оȻǵͬѾƴɱеӵʬ壬ʱĴʳȥ뱱ִƴɱ
ڳУֵխⱼУֵӲӦеáǣΪ󽫾ƽϿѵʱ˻ɱУЧʺܸߡ
սһһҹھ˱ִ
Ŷѻɽĵоʬ壬˶̲ס
ӽǵĺҲڱʱֵ£԰̫ƽˣ
ȥѣڱˣھȪ֮£ӦҲĿ˰ɣ
ʤ̫ãڵˣ
ϣ˶˷ܵ޷˯ֻһζŷйе
֪Ҫնɱս˶ڴˡ
󽫾Ԩվ̨ǰЩսУȻ
׶Ϊӣɱԭգﲻ⣡ճǧ٣ΪȥİǱ𣡡
౱ʿԭǱƽ񣬲ξȴڹ֮ɱԭգѾɥʧԣͬﲻ⣬سն̣֮
ɱǵͬ۵ıִҲնɱЩս֮뱱ֵĳޱ㳹սˣϣԺ󣬶ܷ³ޣúϧ֮׵̫ƽ
ȥˣѣۣͬһҲϣǴǺúûţ
ʿۿʪ
ų޵ӣÿ˶ܼ尾ʱǷ³ޣûм
õķ£ֻǱ
ֻѪծѪǵĲܵõİ
ˣҪıǺúͬȥͬǵһһ𣬼ӱϧػȥ
̣
һһŵıʿ̨ʹĴʱãǺԥؿǵͷ­
ϳıǹס
ٵĵϣÿһ˺ѷεĲҽУ޷ѣ޷ܣҲ˿𲻵á
µʿǾĬؿţֻʹ켫ˡ
ΪɱŰ޹ǣǰҲʹġ
Ǹù߸ϵıӱУ޾ʹĥȥȻ󵽵ظȥȥǼı
йеĳޣһ£
󽫾г𱨳жǱˣҲ˵лɣ
԰µѾأҪǱл⣡ûǣ޷׾ʹӮⳡ̣
ûµѾŴǸúúõл
Ԩ΢΢һЦ
ãǾµͬǰܴҵĸл
һ»еӪӪָʹԪһСµٻеͶжǰ
ЩȫͬˡԨ
ʿǶȼˣ
ȫܰɣ
԰أ
Ԩ̧̧֣ʾ˰Ȼ
µǱǣˣУ֮ϣӪ֮У
ס̫ô¡ûôѾ
Ȼ󽫾
ӽ󣬴Ҷ֮
ʿȻ
󽫾ʲô˼ѵҪͶ𣿡
̫ˣ
ε飬Ҫʵ
ǰδеʤİأԨⱥܴĥݹɷ
׼ȷ˵һǰѾ֪뱱̸ֺ
ʱ˿̣ѾûҪԼͰй˳ԼԶָ̲ӣôҴӮⳡ̶˵һ顣
ʿмѣĶǶĳݾ
ΪսͰѱǵСһ׼ǿ϶Ҫռɳأ
԰̫ˣһǰϵ˱ֵĶʼ׼ˣô뵽ЩĲƥʳУȻôأ
˫ȫ
ԭΪ󽫾ûǵ뷨£ҪЧֻĹʵأɰùǺû뵽󽫾͸ӢĿˣֻΪԱأʵǴִ󽫾ˣ
û󽫾һͶЧԺһˣûб˸˵ˣ
ȫˣΪͶȸԾ
ñͶһֱҲûб˸˵ˡ
Ȼʵеġ
Ϊ󽫾ѾɳǵĽݱϱҪ˼죬ɳǣ


145 
նɱǸ磬 Ԩȫи߼춼ټ˸ᡣ
Ϊٽ誸ոմϽĲԴ˴εս㱨
򱱾Ĵͳ㱨սҪȫһġ
СϰٺŽһã վǰͷػ㱨
󽫾 ϽĲȫϣܼƼߵǧˣȱΪūİˣ նһǧ೵ һǧ೵ƥ
ڶཫ϶ʱ¶ϲɫ
һǧ೵ݣôҲһˣ
һǧ೵ ǵǶٺö
۵ô꣬ ʹδ˻ôսƷ ɵȥ۽磡
һεս򱱾˵ǿδеķ
Ȼô˵Щˣ ϴİ½Ƴ֮Σһأ ǾûӱִսƷ˼ҲҪĿ׺ûüߵս
ΣػݶСͷô೵Ʊ¶ȫʹúЩˡ
֮⣬ ϳڵս񣬻о౱ִս սף  ׵ȣ һǮҲ򲻵ľ޴Ƹ
ȻΪ˧Ԩȴ
˴սȫǼᣬ Ϸȿá
˶ʱȻʧ֮Ա
Ҫ𣿡
ҪȥʲôҲò
̫ϧˣ
Ԩ̧̧֣ѹ˵ۣص
λú룬ЩսôġûİõЩǷ񻹻Ŷδ֪򱱾ѵȼ壬֪ͼ֮
⻰˵ѡ
ǿǱǮ۾ܶˡ
˵սȷ򱱾ΪûԮôܴӮıִ
ƣ׳һѺ֡ǵˣΪʳȫԷټ֮һҶ±ռκơ
¾սûһʼԱɱ˹룬ըҲ޿ôɾͽɱʣıֲо
οûϴĽǧԮͳˣĻнա
Ǵӹ׻Ƕ壬ЩսƷϽ
ͨһ㣬˶ԨľҲûһ㲻˳ص
ȫ󽫾š
˵սƷֵ
󽫾ĩһҪ档
˴ӱִսҵĹ飬ʵڽƽĩר󽫾á
Ԩӹһ飬ɫܵγˮȭͷҧгݣŲȻòᡣ
ཫ
󽫾˺£ʵ
Ԩûڣ誱ǰȥ˸׷ڰϵľᣬݸˣߵ
ҿ֪
ڽΧһţ쳤ȥǹ飬ֻͷ飬Ǵ뱱ǩͣսЭ飬ֱŹӡԼ
ܹ
һɺ
ڶǴʵ۱빫Ȼּ赲ִˡЩҿ⡣
ɵдʲô
Ӳִڴõв·ȡū
൱ڣʵ׿˱ִ;٣
ִزԭҪͨóǮԮʵҪ֮ʱַֽ
飬˧ཫ춼ŭˡ
ȷԵľǸȥϽ׷˲Сۿ
ʵۣôǩģûЩ°ȥūİжңлһգȫСܻʮһԼҲ°ΪūΪӰ˾裬һһٷиǱ·ϲ֪˶ɱЩɶǴİհ
ڱм˲֪ǵĲпᱩС
Щ˸Ǻ޵ҧ
ǰ˵ʲôͣսΪðս֮࣬û߰ū²£Լգƨνȡ̫ƽʮյȥģ˭Ҫ̫ƽ
ŲΪ̫ƽֻΪ˶Ըѣϱֹ
ʰʲô캦ˣͶܣ
ɺ޵ǣΪԼǵ˼ϧشƽԭգҪ֧֬Ԯ֣ˣΪһ֮
˷ŭáţһԨ⹫ӵ뱱ǩͣսЭ飬˺ӵαƵĿٱļʼɱΡ
󽫾ڽʿ˵öԣǾ޵ɱգҲ
Ԩ˼βŵ
¹ϵش顣
ѵõطԸ׵
󽫾ĩΪ¼Ȩڷֹĵһʱ乫ֻǻ֪ɳͶҪԴΪڽƱأ
һ⻰ʱˡ
һʱ乫Ժǻһһң˵ΪʲôʱЩó飬ضıαģԴ˹ƻģҪˡ
˶誡
Ԩۼ˾ֻõ
±鴦°ɡ
Ȼִżŭ¡
ĿڶཫĲʵ뿪Ԩŵ
ӣҹ£
ûзֱӹ
ΪβΪóȻ飿֪֪֮󣬴±Ȼ￪Ԩʵô£㲻ն࣬ÿô룡
誹Ųӵ
Ϊַ֪ӦŲġңΪ˿룬Ųÿ´
ǻٻӹҲǾǳӡôȥʾпô𸴣ǴТ֮
һ̣ûѪҺӿ͢Լӵ۶׺ġ
ԭΪӵֻխֻӹӵա
ôҲû뵽ӵ۾ȻΪ˶Ը壬ԳյİΣΪۣ
һ֮оʵǺ޵߿ԡ
λһ죬Ƕ°볯ҳķ
Ϊ²Ҳþÿλ
Ԩ˵ƿԣò϶˵е
ǹ飬Ҳ޲ðѼӵǧС
֪ôģǷмƻ㲻ȥ
ɶѾƶ˵زЩŭĽǱȻ֮¹ΪٲҴҲˡ
µֻܰնԿķȥƶ
ˣǱ㰴˼˽ܳݣо֮ɣ
誶ʱϲ
ȥ
ʲô֣ص
ģ½һȥġ
ǻΪۣ֮ʱ飬ܸɹüӵɥʧģٿسλ
ᡣ
½˶ҲԹ޻ڡ
*
̶ʱ䣬ӵ۵оڳʮ֮дˡ
˶ӵ۵α޳ܣһ֮
ִٵ԰ɱˣӶƲֱץūİǣԼӵʹޡ
誵֪º󣬶ķչ⡣
аԳﻮţȿɳǣ뿤ɱЩջ硣Щ֮Уܶ˵ļδضȥġգȻͬ⡣
ʱЩشƽԭգŶԿĸмͶԼӵ۵ʹ޹硣
һ·Ȼӵ۵޳о뿤Ӣʵ¹Ϊûʲôܺ˵ŷˡ
֮ڷ¼ӵʹҲ޷һƬġ


146 
ɳ뾩ֻһǧ ֶڳ͢ƿУټϼӵ۶ԴйעεϢݵʮּʱ
̶ʱ䣬 ɳǵ̽ӣһ 
֮̽Ӷ౨ҪΪɳǵĶϸҪ ֽʵż ǵҲû
ҿ;ĿɳǱʺ¹شֱ˽̽ͻ˾ǣ ű֤Ϣļʱݡ
£ γҩˡ
Сѵ
Ϊһֻڼӵ۵̫࣬ κ˶ļӵ۵塣ԣɵһʱ ҲһҪѡڼӵȶʱ һȻɼϢ
ӵǿŲͺһҩ֭һƽ裬ֿʼġ
νȷʵʡЩ
ҽҲ
ֻҪһƽľ Ƴ̽ҩʱ䶼Լˡ
üӵ鲻 ֻԼЩĿû׳ԣ ĵظҽʹ͡
ҽ£ ŵ
£ ɳǵ̽ӻˣ ڵš
ɳǣӵһʱ䣬ִ쵽ɳˡͻľȻ౨̽ӣܵһЩѰ
̰˴
̽ӽ˵ڣӵҲ˲Щֱʵ
ɳǿǳ˱ʣ
̽ӵ
ر£򱱾뱱ִɳǷҽսִȫ𡣡
ִ𣿡ӵ۾ֱվ
ִսȫûû˱ִʲôȥǣ䭡
޲ѾֱӷԨҿּ𣡡ŭص
漴־ЩԾؾ˵ͣ˹ڶµΧǣǰδеĴݡ
ζؾֻбִһ룬ôȫִ߱
֪ⳡδӮģ
̽Ӽŭη壬սսص
ס˻еͶԮ
ӵһ
ɻǲ
ޡ
ӵ۲Ȼŭ
һԨҰ䭹ᣬĲ
˵⻰ͬʱ鷿߶ţһ󣬷Ը
Ԩļ˴
Ԩ䭰йᣬǣڲԭϱıֱִԨ˵ƺܲ
ϾһֵսȫԨˣԨӵǶԴشв
һ侲ͻȻ뵽ԨǸˣļ˾ߡ
ֻ˻еͶ֣֤Ԩɵ֮
ҲĻᡣ
ؾȱִսλִܱ֤
û˱ִöؾһĿǣڲԭңȥɳǣԨʣף͵ǡ
˶Թ׵оȻа
Ԩȫ˵õԨ¡
ңû˱ִвֻҪһɢɳĶ֣սߵȫԳֹ䭵
ƳףԳ׽䭡
ôһ룬Ԩ˱ִ˵ô
ӵתŭΪϲ
Ȼݵĺڳعʱ򳹵սᡣ
¡ԨһҲ֪١
ӵ־ŭ
ô᲻֪٣޲óܿ𣿡
ŷһƣǽԨȫĻϵġ
ʧȥһش룬ƾͽת

ūȥʱ򣬳Ὣµ˶෬ūǿдŷһˡ
ӵһ֪ǳڸŭ
̰ѳ޽
ˣǸûµӵܣڳ̫ʦķϣӵɸһҼĹλ
ӵΪ˵۵ٴҲǲܱԼģʵݺݵسһơ
ʱѾŵɪɪӵһģ֪й
֪ԨһҵȥҲûǸٹ˼ɳ̫ʦӣֱó˴ȥѶ
ܵıЩ˽еֶ̿Σûþˡ
Ŀڹӵۼǰһڡ
Ԩһڶʮǰͱ䭵˾ˣ͵˶¡
ǿ϶Ѿ˶£
ѹԨĿŵּ䭺ԭΪеͱˣ
Բǳ¼ң˿Ӻޣ
ӵҧгݣ˾ͬʱᱩŭһɲ
Ϊɺ̫ʦͬյĳҳһ£Ͻ
½˵һʱūżȥ󡭡
һʱҲܽһ¶ϱЩϱҲ˵ܷͨ׷Ҳó͢Զɳ
ԣվסŵġ
ȥӵȴҲ޷ϵĽ֮ɫ˼
ȷԨļѾ˶£޷һΪص顪
ͣս飡
ּȫûǵսͣս飬Ԩ
뱱ǩͣս飬еһЩһѸ£ܿŭ
ԭΪԨļУǺܵһ㣬ȫʧȥƿԨĳ롣
Ԩ齻䭣ؽΪԶһİѱ
䭲ܷ˺õãƾԼЩײ㽫ʿƳ磬пܽ˻Ὣ»λ
뵽ĽоȻ˻֣̿õֲܿƵ
˶Ҳ
̫ʦĶףκƽҲΪǩͣսЭ
УµѶ
ˣΪв䭡
ʮƱһ¼Ҳ˼ҳǽİѱգˡ
֤Ԩйᣬͣսؽ䵽С
һжڳķչ
ӵǺ޲⣬ҧ﷢
ˣ̰ѳϳȥˣ
ǰѱٵ¼ңȴ°Ĳ£ʵۻῴڳ̫ʦˡ
ھҪ˶֪Ҹͱ¨ӣ˭ӶãĻλܵв֮ǰЩµˣҪͨͨᣡ
ڴʱ̫棺
£̫ʦ
ӵ۵ɫˮ
Ȼޣ
ʱӵ۳ü֪Խ⣬ŵ
£˭ͱ¨˭ʰ½̫ʦӵģӦΪ˸𣿡
⻰һļӵͷһ
̫ʦΪ˸𡭡
浽ĵزƺûбȳ¼Ҹʵճѡ
ȣͣսЭȫ̶ɳ̫ʦǰս뱱̸ġ
ΣƽھǺΪ˵вīͺƽͷġ
ӣΪĶӣûб׼ļ鳼ˡ
˻ԩȻ˰¶ǵıɱƽߣؽõӵҲὫͣսЭһµעȫתƵ¼Ҹϡ

ͨһڣӵ۽ƽϢŭɫ
μ£̫ʦΡΡع¡
ΣӵҲûи̫ʦŴûд¹ߵףȻڱĵϡ
̫ʦ֪˽Էˣ˶Ļ
̫ʦŶͷصƣݵص
ӷ´û飬£óԶɱӣ̲֮ܽ
ӵЩ⣬漴Ͷ˳̫ʦͼ
ɱκֱǰΣ
ǳһϵġ
ţȴε̾˿
ˣˣΪһЩ޿֮ʦ׷ͺڷˡڳûٿ֮ˣгˡ
̫ʦΪΪԼΪʦҪְӵ۵ɱӡ
⻰кݺݵ˿æлжµرһģȻѳӻȥˡ
ԭΪǵΰأȴ֪ӵ֯һó¼ҸĴڵǡ
ʱ䭣ոʾִﶦ³ǡ


147 
󽫾 мݵˣ
ױææǰ
ԨϲⱨŵĹ򣬿˵쵽ˡ
죬 ȥɳǣ ȫ彫ʿ׼Ӽݣ
˵һϢڶи߼Ҳϲ
ǰ󽫾˵ܻ¼ͣ Ҳֻǿܡˣ ܽ˲ϲ
ϲȥɨӪӣΰ Ϊӭӿĵ׼
Ȼ ڶ磬 ǧɳ⡣
Ԩڽڳ¥ԶԶͿŻɫĳɽ
ţӭӿǣ
ԨطԸ
Ȼ³¥ ڶཫӭ
Сʱ 䭲ŴŶ¡
˳ǧװӿȥֻɳϽѪϣѩĵ棬 񲻿ɵսߣ͵˷âơټͦεˣ ݣ ɱϵս죡
ڶཫʿĽķṦΰѾã ʱۼˣ ƶлҪ 첱Ӵ֡
μ
ҲǸ
ڽʿ𣡡
ͳϵºͣȴԽ鼤
˲Ŀȴô׺ͣѹֿʰ֮ء
򵥵ؼ󣬱ɳؾǿſľǡ
оҲʮ룬ʿǸǿ׳棬ŴµɫװëĸߴսƣĶؾҪ߳һΡ
аվھ峡ĽֵߣĿ֧Լڶʿ뽫커ӵŵĿҲǸĳȣȺ쳤˲ӵŽţͼӡ
ԭǾᰡ
Ǵս񰡣ֿ
ɳǣȷԺҲ鿤˰ɣ
԰ȷˣԺҲǿµ񣬿ɾͲĽˣ
ҶԺҲǿµı˵رã¿иˣ
ذ˸߲ҵš
ɳ붦±ˣлЩȵľūҲǺмݡ
ȻԿµԽ֪֮٣ȴ֪ŴδЩϳռ˵ĴӢۡ
԰ŰǰʱȾǰɣڣһܰѱӴĶӣ
񣬶ؾ˵İ£ŴЩץǵıִԺҲõĻбɱӡ
ǿߣشƽԭİǣҲǼΪĽġ
ھ÷ٵǣԵûôԾǵۻĬĬţǵɵԣΪӹԵЩš
ϣưɪĳǳأصԶ
ʱ£ĳǲ࣬ɳսϴ񣬸ưܲ
¹ضʮƣҪũҵ뾭ûָȻﶬˡ
ǧϱߵĴӪʽӼԨӡ
򵥺֮Ԩ˼ӣ䭵
򱱾˧ӡս˲ԿףԷڿƹܣ
ԾԼǳ͢죬Ǹոչ齵ģЩĸϽǹͶǷȱġ
Կ˵ίʵ٣ƹ򱱾Ǳδܷڡ
ѳشƽԭԼɳĴƬӭ̫ƽҲû̫źˡ
ңſһúƴµĽʿǡԣ¿ջƾ֮ȨҲԹ޻ڡ
ȻһھӪۿʿӺùˣָԺܴչȭԼȴҪ뿪лǺЩʧġ
Щ죬漴˼ЦŰ˧ӡƻȥ
սͳһ滮䣬ˣ򱱾ûбȷϸñĵˡ
˵ţ㽫˧ӡ˻ȥ
Ԩ΢΢һ¸жѡ
ֻ˼˾͸Ұǧö׸ʹõʱ͸о˿˲ɡ
¹ȨлֱӰһͳ˧λ滻ĸȴǺԥؾܾˡ
أޱΣν˲ȥЧң
ֻǣ뵽ţûֱӽ˧ӡǹµ
һ£Ҫ
£Щ֣ʲôֵ֣µ
Ԩ
˴νɻսƷʱҾ˱뱱ֹ̨ǩͣս飬ίʵ˲ܡ
Щ˵һ飬Ȼһʱߣδʾ˽ȥˡԽ޴ңţ뿤𷣣
һԵԣ飬ø
븸޹أǳһΪǳŽ˾нǿ׼ѳɶ֣Ȳ˳ȫǹġҪ𷣣뿤𷣳
䭿ڵǸԼµὫ죬ĿҲһһ˵̹һЩǿ
ԨѾĥƽǵϽĴȻԼķâ
ֻ߲֣֮ʲôط
һλ˵˲ǲӶġ
誵ıЩĿ
ģ˵˵ţ
ɫĿ⣬ѿϲŭ
ԨԽڴε˼ʮĽ֪Щλߣͷš
ʱ˶˳ǽ£Ҳõȳ͢ʾǷ񷴻Ȼͻᱻ
ΪˣŵĴ·ļɻ䡣
ӵʱѾ͵һƾ˷˺ûᣬֻӲͷƤ󻯵ķȥƶ
ǳ
ֹ̧̧֣ڣ
ٽ˵˵ɡ
ЩûףȴǽԼжɵ˵һ顣
ãʱҪӦóŻʵۻûӦܵؽӵ۵Э鴫ҲõʱΪ̫ڸα
ңΪӵʱɿ֣⿤ڸۺϸƣΪʱֻר
ɣ¶ɫ
úܺã
ֱԲؿ޵ԨӶסˡ
ָڸ֮£Ȼ˺εؿ佱úã
ȴ
ܡս֮ϣ˲Ϣ䣬Ϊһ죬ûۣʱҲսǼһȻ¶ʾӺ͵ط񽻸ǣǸȨҲǵ
ֻҪǵѡҾ֮ģֲʿ뱾󣬱Ҳǡ
誴ϲ¾Ϳ˸ͷص
Ӣ
˵ԴļƣҲƾ׵á
ԨǴ𺳣û뵽ΪһǿȻܸ購˶κɡ
ǰͷȻͬ
ڳĺ֮껹޺
ϲɫӣҲ¶Ц
˴ǷڸȴھʱҪǵġ
Ȩ֮۲ϸֵܵ֡ѡ·㲻ķ顣ҵ
䭵һȷǰֳ˼
ȻǵЩǣѣΪ۵˼ȻңҲԴ˱̬
ԨԣЩ⡣
볯͢˼Դ˲еȡ̹̬ȡ
漴־ãдߡηԣηֻڰ¡ŽǧҲ˳ѡ
ؽ󣬹ǳܼ


148 
һ ¹鸽ԨӶ䭵綼ȫµ˽⡣
Լļƻʾ
ȻԳ شƽԭİǣǲǿɱͻˣ
û뵽ȴǰ˰֣ 
ٵȼա
誴Ϊ⣺
ΪΣѵӦԽԽ𣿡
䭼еӣ֪λҵٽԼӵǻԹѾã ֻ޲ǽ塣
䭲ҡ
 ȻҲΪԭԼӵ۵鲻Թߺ֮ģȴռϷ硣
͹˱λʵ޳ܣ Ҳ߹˰ǵĵͣսϵȥ ֻҲ޷ﵽԤеĽ
 һ¶һǷλȹ̵ľءҲΪһãðŵԴķȥз֮١
»ʵ ֻҪ̾ҪյԼϣ Ҳǲ̫Ϊ֮ƴġ
˼ѻѾչˡ
лˣѾѴĥľû¶ٸ顣ôƴģ ֻԼ档
֮ж誺ʧ
ôᡭôõİѱ ǲܷκ𣿡
Ԩϸ̸һµǰչ Щȷص
˼˵ ʹִˣ ҲὫǩ֮Ƶϣ Աڣ
·ϣ벻ķչŵǣһ֮û
ϾԨ֪ӵЩ£УӵۼʹխֻӹܣȴԾϵĵеġ
֮޳С˰һ˾ķȶûС
䭵
ĿԴɣǺܿͻϢˡ
˵ûи϶Ĵ𸴣ʵҲˡ
ĥŸ׺ͿĶԻܿ췴Ӧ
˼ǣ鲻ܼЧǲǻҪٴ룿ʲôҪЧ͵ģ
¶Ц⡣
õİѱ͵Ȼ᲻á
費ȡ̡
ҪȡҪһѴġ
ĿǰҪǶʲôðռɡ
ƺѾ⣬誶ʱ
֪Ϊʲôǲڿ£ҲɾĪһǿİȫУ·𲻹˵ʲôһһ㡣
*
֪٣ȫ¶ʮڴ
˵Уһ磬Ԩ󽫾ټȫʿУϣмʽ
һ׼䭵ĻӪѾ·زú˳أ׼õǮơ
һӪһӪʿǣڸԵӪָʹ£߽УչʾԼõľݾò
ÿһӪӪָʹ̨ϵ񣬲ұԼӪķţ䭽вĽ˸졣
˼ϣվڸ̨ʿѵ
ȳĹ˳ڱҲ񡣱սͣǿ뱾ʿͬȴÿͷǮ˲Ҳͬȱ׼
л
ʿ˸˷ܵĺ⡣
˵ǰͷ౱Ӷǿſ׸ģҲûɱˣƽһһͷеġ
Ժܶ˵൱ڶ෢µľˣһӶôǮܽ˲ġ
䭽ֵ
ӽǱǱµĵʮʮľӴ˸ķΣһӦѵʽôһžͬ
ºͳһ˶ȣõپãĸȼĲΣ㿴µıˡϣ˶סҪıҪսнֹҪգŽһģ
˵꣬ױǿһµľ档
ָӣѹգɵϷˣ˽սϹٲΥķΧ巣ʿɶʿҪТ
Щ棬ԺӪôÿձУҲλμģͷκ˵Ҵ棬飡
ҲͷȻӦǡ
ѵں󣬱͡
ʿõԼͣǷݼ٣ÿһٻȥͼžۣͬʱ˼ɳ¶ʩµأ˰ߣʿǻȥ֪ھӣ쵽ٸ˿Ǽǡ
֮ҪµǼǣΪȷΪսɵأ·䡣
ʱ򣬱㽫ַصĹҲˣΪıǾأץʱļĸ֡
ǣһ죬ԭɳǵʿǣȴԼͣԼҪصĺϢϲصػȥͼžˡ
գֿڶųǼǡ
һһũߣӣȺӵţҲﲻشӱ͵
ذǿøϲЦտ
ΪѾӳеĸʾԼҵھ֪ЩҪŸǵġ
ЩǱ㲻̼ˣ
ҪշأѷũߣţϢܿȫǷΧڴˣЩʱڳеĲŽȳľūҲ֪ˡ
ץūģƶա
һΪսϯشƽԭܶ˼˵ϢܵòˣµĶͶ·ĵײաִʱҲǡ
мûʲôֵҲǿޣһæͷӶѡ
ӵԼһĶֵأƶһȴõĶ
ɳǵİǣȴֻҪƾ飬ÿ˷ֵĶأѾͷƬҲһܷ֡
ļûأһ㣬ǼҼһõʮĶء
ҪǶӣŮõࡣ
ʮĶʲôиʮĶصģĶ˵ϱҪ˸߿üۣŮ޵ʵ˼ң˼ҼҲܲôҲ
Ϊ˿£ļҼһ̵õĶ
Ҳˣǻ쵽ũߺӣÿмʮͷţôַá
Щڵﲻոܴ߳ס
ɳǣźȴֻҪ˰
ң˵µпضģط뿤±Ƚ磬͹˷ʳĺӡ
ԵñůΪ˱ֲԭ˳Բţ򣬼ҼһԱС󻹵͵ļ۸⡣
˵ǵȵأ㡣
شƽԭİǣʱۼڽֵߣЩԴԴͽũӣЩųȡصɳǰգĽĿʵʡ
ǵµĸԽΪľۼһһεмΪ㵼ԽԽﷺᡣ
Ҳ˵ɳǹòãʵһ쵽پȼ࣬ǰϼһԵúá
ҿרŷЩץūذգ
ڳͻɾӻʹһ磬һ·ʳпṩȫõûлȥ·ѣҲõ;ͽ
Щίʵ御
һԱȣʵ̫ˣ
ͬˣѷأϸԣʵĺӣǣȴֻܼȥ̼̰ٸѹ
Ҫ¸öð
˶˵ţЩͬһΪ֮취
ɶأֲɳǵˣֻܻԼȥ
˵ǰأڹ˶ˣز֣Ͳˡ
ûϺʱ򰡡
˵£˶Ǻڲ
أȺȴµ
˵ҪϼҵĿҲ˳öðǻصҲܿµֺôˣ
⻰ֱһﾪˡ
˷׷
԰ҪǵļҲ£ȫñ磬Լֵܷأ污Աůĺӣ
ңǵļششƽԭǧǷֵػϵɱɳı֮غöˣ
ʵֻɱӣȻ÷ص۸˰ѹեǡ
ȴս״ñȫû԰պã污ָũӣһðչϺӡ
ø˭ԥ
治뷨һѸѿ˲䳤ɲ


149 
ҹ ̫ʦ⵽ǻѣǧ־Χ˸ˮйͨ
̫ʦĶѣһ㷢־ǸõĸѾ˳˽ ѾСӣ׷ױѺԣ Ҳȫ־ڵõŲӡ
֣ʲô˼
س
֣ȫǰǰȥǸõʱһϥ߰ͷ һִģ
̫ʦ ָҳӳɱˣѳʽ֤ȷ䣬ɵѺñΪѣ Ȼ ɱֱ棡
ɱˡ̫ʦǰ ȷʵΪҳŪһͯ£Ͼ׸ԩ Ϊմӹų ٶ¶ˣȥ׸к
ȻǸ״ļȴͼִڸ˵ԩ̫ʦһͣ ȥ˵Ŀڡ
ƽʱĳȻֱ ֮ ǱȽϹأ Ǯµġ
ƫҹȥʱ Ѿˡ
ʱòԾ ȻôԴָҪıˡ
ϷûС֣˭ָʹȻϷ򣡡
λȨ ǵ۵ڲҲû
˴γͻȻµץѶЩӬΪŵôݺҲǼпܵġ
֣˵ǱµĹ³ȴҲжŮδؾͲָʹ
Ȼ֣ȴ˿Ļᣬֱ˽ߣѺ͵֮С
ȫ̫ʦֱ֮ӽ̼֮ϡ
Ȼ䱻ӵ˽
ʲô˼
ûлشص
̫ʦ飬֤ȷ䣬ʶ͸ϽǩֻѺȻɱۼҲЩÿ
̫ʦ﷢ë
ҪϷʲô˭ģ
ʵѾЩ²⣬ȴʵڲš
û˵ֱóһʣϰӡ࣬һϸǡ
̫ʦ˭ףûĹʾͱѺصĺܵáȴ˿ûô
ӡиģıʼǩ䡣
վס˭ָʹģ
ؿ
˭ָʹۼң̫ʦӦ֪˳Ŷԡ
Ŀ⣬̫ʦĴͷŹһɺ⡣
Ըţɳһλ˭ָʹλǰܹܣ˭ͬʱ־;Ǹ
ܸиԵɣϷ϶Ա¾޶ģ
Į޲ص
̫ʦܿͻס
˵꣬뿪Ρ
ûã˴һҩΣԳ̫ʦҪѹΪɣǿиȥ
ڶϳ̫ʦ̼ܣȴֵط֣ԼѾ˵ˡ
ڶϣ˼ӵ۵ּ⣬
ķ
һǴ֣ͨ˽ԸͣսЭ飬ͨ
ڶǹ飬̰۽߾ʮʮʮԼԭǱ߾ȶؾá
ǣ˼ҹͬ뾩ǳǽשǽ´Χʱսܡ
һųնΪɵŮԬɣҲγܲ࣬һȫҴն
ԴָԼʥּ̫ʦ
ͨһͨ
׮׮ľˣΪͨ
ЩЭ飬ȫӼӵ۵ָʾǩģ˭ͨ
»֪ɳǵı Ҳףض¶ˡл䣬ӵۼһ򣬱ѡ
ʦ
ݼһֲӵλʮһֱҵҵΪӵ۳׼ײߣδԲ
ĹΣĹ
̫ʦ޵۾ҪѪƴ˻ţȴһֻ޾ʹޣ־Уպųն
ٲģҲֻǰյߺУںա¡
һɱģԬţԼλⶨĵùȫҡ
һյ̳Ϊ׮ɱ˽ˣ˵ͷѪ
ۼŴնΧ۵ɢȥҲعӵ۸
£ˡ
鷿㱨
ӵ۵ɫûʲôͣ۵ʣʵ
аշΣ

˿̳ͨ·Ǿǰգ̫ʦνֵʱһ·Ӷң˸ж»ʶ鳼ȰڿѣӢ䣡
Ҳ˵ȻǴֱˣյı϶ܼ鳼ɱΣ¼նɱ鳼ضһĳ͢
ӵ¶Ц
ЩǵۣǾǰܶ඼ǽҾ죬ۣס˽ġ
̫ʦԬɶʷһγңʹùѸٳӯǿϵһˡ
˳̫ʦԬɵˣҲúλ־ĹԱǣʱڶࡣ
ǮãԱҲǮͱ߾ֵľҲͳˡ
һҲõΪ䭵գ½ͱ߾ˡ
ߣΪͷˮĨޣȴû뵽Ͳµľٶȷˣʲô
ǰִɳȫûԨִɳؾӵϢϵ䭿ܻñͣս¡ϢҲ֤һ²⡣
ǰȡʩ䭱ȫùֻ»š
뵽һƵһٶãһȡ˷ƴʩӵв¶ֻˬãӱȥ˺󹬡
ӵֻΪԼļƲ߳ɹϲ˿ûΪ̫ʦһҸеϧε˼һԵĳĬĬصͷ­ĸɫ
Ϊӵ۵ǰܹܣΪӵ۴һ˽ӽʦλһ̣ѾλϵĲס
ǵеĵʱҲҪǰĶܡ
·ǣֻҪܼǵǵģҲ޺
񣬳̫ʦ֮Ž֣Чҵλ£ûĵģװȫѪ
Ϊٶ࣬ģҪʱҲܺԥȥ
ʦ񣬻ǳ̫ʦΨмӵԼӢ
ĵǽ˺İ
޷ǣԼܷõա
*
ͬ뷨ģκƽ⡣
˴Ϣ̫ʦһҴնĽգ˿κƽϲ¶˼ڽ֮ɫ
νĳ̫ʦẲα飡
¼ӵ۸Ĺͷд˺Ľͣ˵̫ʦΪ˼ҳǽּϸõ˰ѱòӱ˵ķԸóײʿǶˡ
Ǿȫڰ䵱ɵˣ
α飬صĺᱩ¶ġһ¶·һ
֮£˼ҳǽѾ˽ᣬӵ룬һܽ¼ժȥ
··ԣ̫ʦǷ˲Żܱвȡ
ο̫ʦǰǰߣȫ뱱ֶͣս飬̸׺󣬸ǼӵּսߵĽ߾ٽ׷;ؾҲֱӶԱִС
ûмӵָɺͰ֧֣ʮ̫ʦҲ˵ز
𼸸ǰǱΧʱǼӵ̸Լǰǰ̸Уȴȫǳġ
˶˵̸ǧˣȴǺ˲ӵʵۡ
ԣ̫ʦֻǲĺ󳾶ѡ
ֻȳ̫ʦЩӭ׵ʱ峷󣬴Ҷ֪ΪǽŲò̸Ҳһ׵
ϴãһλô
ӵɣĲ룬ʲôʱԼΪһ̫ʦ
ɱǣ³̫ʦųնų꣬Ҳ˿Լӵ۲Ӱ죬ȱ֮צˡ
¼Ԭҵˣ֣ҲԬҵλô
ʣһ̫ʦ֮λҲǵ˵ĺöϡûΪ֮ƴ
뵽Щκƽͷһξǰ·޹⡣
ʹΪ࣬ԼļҲȻʱ뼲籩ꡣ


150 
ǵһʣ ܿͨۡȫأӵƺȲҪѴﵽȫ¡
뾩ǧ֮ңɳǣҲܿյһϢ
Ϊɳѱˣ ۡ͢Ϊۡ͢͵ɳǲԶ̨ طٰͷ˼˸ʾ
£Ȼ̽ӻɳġ
Ϊ˼Ҵҵ䭡
¿ǰ˵ Ҫ͹˼ӵ۵޳ܣ ɿϢԿеĻҡ
ͨѹ̫ʦȫųն ̨˶ڳޱӢǺá
һ ƺǰΪʵִּ߱ѣ ԵЩվסһ
ңһشƽԭЩǣ Ҳƭȥô졣
䭽һֱɳǣ ǾӪʱرߡ
ھӪҪ԰ѹɳؾǵĲ
񶦵ɳ˳Ҳв򱱾Ҫ󣬾ɱֱ˳͢ ˱ȻҪڸߵɳǡ
֮⣬ҲɳϱĴƬȫɳΧڣ ɳǣ ɱһ¿
ǷֵرԴڴˣ ĿǰҪϱ߷䡣
Ϊǲԭ ڻĵأ ֿĸϲļĸ֡
ǴĹǣηط棬Ѿ·ܿ㽫ѡʱǰõ˶ӦĴ
ЩĵѾʼˡ
ʱÿΪ˼ල֮¹ؽС
誻㱨Ϣüͷûһ£Цŵ
ʲôѵֻг͢˳죿ǻѵͲˣ
Щ£û̫׿˼űԸ
Ѿʱǻˡ誣˴αӪָʹ̻еӪָιͬȥ
誾һҲ˲ȥǰû׵˼æӦŵ
ּ
˴£Ҿ£ĵĺʱͷһҪѿغá˱һǧӪԼѡҪԼʿǺϳ̻Ǳߵİš
誼ɫ֣أҲ״µҪԣͶС
ֽһЩϸڣų־س˴ʣǰȥӪе
Ҫ½ǶļΣÿʧ
븸׽һڶ죬誱ԼϸѡɳؾеӪʿһͨɽɽϸ³ǡ
·࣬žӻص˶¡
ʱĶ³Ҳһæµ
ͬǵıִƳǶ룬д˶δĵ֣̿¼ǨȥȴǶδڴġ
ҲΪǼԶ׼һһͲںõݣ±ʱԱӰӵ·ϱЯα
һʲ֪ںЩǰѾö߿ʼ׼
ȴӶ´ӪĿ֮Ὣɳǣǵȵصݵ䡣
֮⣬شƽԭİǣҲѾɳ½Ǩ㵽˶³ǵľӪ⣬ÿɾṩȼá
¿ǰѾ˴Щջ磬ǴӶ³һ·صǵļ硣
ȴɳ£·;Ķƽԭ·;ƽ̹ݣ;Ӱ쵽ķΧҲ
еȵǣЩվȻѾ֪˼ӵ۴ó̫ʦһҵϢ
ǿġ
ɰǶԴȴȫΪȻ
Ǻܶ¶ٲȻʦ
ʵ϶ǰǵɵƭأû̫ʦǩĹӸ
԰ҿЩϵٵ˵ˣʥּһɻʵֲܱдģںڲҲҪظˣҪɻʵ۱˼Ӹϱ̨浵ô˵֣ôû˷è壿
˵ǳ̫ʦҲ쵽̫ʦˣðɱͷķȥﱱӣͼɶѵӻܸʵ۵
ӶֻʣбܽˣԼأʲôλȨصĳ̫ʦ
˵˳̫ʦ˼ҳǽİѱ̫ʦǱвġ
ⲻô˼ҳǽѾˣ̫ʦֲıеأܱѹأ̫ʦϺ꣬ôɵ¡
ʵ۾ǿ鱩¶ˣ˸ڹأ̸ǳ̫ʦȥ̸ģɲʹôޣҵث֣ƭǣ
㱨ϸϸһĥϱ¶Ц
ƽôܶԻȨ֪ϸһЩ²Ա֪ء
¾ǿ˵ġ족İɡ
ڶµӪָʹ̻ǱԵµˡ
һӪָʹܱˣְǵҲϳ̻Ȼǵεĸ
ڶ̶̼ڣôڰпڿഫΪ֪̻Ǹ˰
ڽ֮УȻࡣ
ֲõ׵ءֻҪعע;ˡ
*
ڶ쿪ʼһ·¡誸ǽһʶӪı£ҲԿ֮۷
ӪǱߵҪһ·£ÿһĳ϶ҪЪϢ
˳УҲӪկ˵нޣм۸Ǯס¶ӪȻ
˵Ĵ󲿶ӣ¼Ϊأȫûɧŵذյ˼ЩճľԺ󣬱ֻʣº档
ϾУ󲿷ˣǺһͨգ޺
ЩͨգŰڸ·
˵ͨգЩľүǣȻָǷԵġɵģԵñͨ˼Һöˡ
󵽵ڶ֮ǰǶɻ˱㲻ȥǵ
ʲôأôүһҪȥ
Щİ¿Ҳİһ·ʳǣȻ˾뵱ذ촵ţ¡
ԭϱصİգץ˷²Һñȡ׼̲ʳþүǻǻأ
ذմϵİȻ
ѹǱץū˻Լİԭ׼ġսǸʮֺƵĺأ
ǵȻˡҼյˣֻϧû֣µİհȻ֪öá
Լ˵һ˳ذսڶ£ɳۼ֤ķأֱѵذղ
е˻Ჹһ䣺
Ǻð붦ô˳ҲףôԶֲ磬ֵǶˡ
Щ׶ӪĹգ誶Щֲ
Чһġ
ǹ֮;ÿһİն֪ˣӵñӶشƽԭ϶һصİɱӣפºüصİնʧ
ȴǷǳգ£ÿ˷ֵĶأֻɸ˰
Ҳ֪;Щʲôߵشƽԭ϶˵ʱ򣬱յϢ˵±ϱߵһǣǰ˳ĿǰѾפǰҪ׼зعˡ
ϢѸٵڹм䴫
ڶ죬ǧľǰţ
ҲԸ˳뽫Ҫȥڴ˴ǵ͢


151 
ƺƴĶ ȻҲӪע⵽ˡ
ԭɳµʱǾΪۼ֤ذȻطأũӶĽѣ ˹˳뷨
뿪ǰǻÿõ˶ʮʳһǮ ·ѣģ˵ӷɢʹá
Ϊ룬 ԶǰĸĸԴŮһ ߵʱ򣬶̲סˡ
ʱû˸վǸһٴֱͶ
һкܶȷʵûۿԼǷȥ Ƿջ٣ һϣصУ ҵˡ
һ棬ҲΪûͷ
治飬 ˭Ҳͷ
 ǼҪԻĹͷͻȻ˵·أѾɰ˳ұľӽӹˣ Ǳסˡ
ĻˡٲжǱ㽫ʧȥأ ͳεĻᣬ ֻһ  ѹե ͢ȡ߶˰
¿ѾôǵĽЩҲԥؼĶ顣
ûãۼİձԽԽ࣬ԽԽ˶С
ЩеˣΪ⣬д飬˰ǼȥԼָӡ
õ飬ȻֻܡΪѡشܣȻˣһء
İǣʱϲ
ǣǹ˳ĳֻ֪Ǽڵĵط鿤ϽΪ˴ҵİȫλڴ˵סЩʱգǰȥ˵פط٣ٰŴһ硣
ϵȻضԼİǷʩȴٴα۷ˡ
Ϊڳʱ򣬿ѾԤϵʱĽôж
еĻеӪΪ׼ġ
һǧʿգ誱飬ʣľӣѸײڶ֮ƣѸռشƽԭ϶˵˷ᣬ
ʵǩֵİսһأ˭ǽأѵͲܴˣ
˷ῤֱ׳ʾռͱڽ¿أѾٴĳ͢פңңš
ٴ¿һ֡
ϿһΪһأشƽԭߵĸأӿǣƽԭŻ
뱱ֽսҪ㼯һ
ٴʧغ󣬳͢û˼̵ľ±̣ص˺ӶĿڴ˴̲Ϳǳ˫ս
ʧصٴҲ˱ֵפ֮أԴΪģ⿤ɱӲ裬ĸٽļأ񼸺Ϊĳǡ
ִˣһֳ͢פżӵ۵»صٴ
Ȼһ·Ҳû͢Ĺذ
͢פҪڱ߽Ǻͽս¿طϵһҲһǧˣֲسǵֻм٣ͬ϶ϻܵס
ûҪôǶӣҪô͸ɴؿͶ
ΨһһȽӲĿأĵֿκµһ׺˳ǽŵû겻壬ֱΥصͶ˽
Ͼ׺ǽǰȣ£ֻҪֿǾͲɱԼˡ
˵һ·֮켫ˡ
ӶϸûĵֿԽϣ൱ȦռԽ࣬ǧѷĺʱܴ
ϧ³͢פռٴֹֻˡ
ϧռĵ٣ȴ֪ٴĽѾΪ˻
󽫾²ˣ´ռأ
򶫴󽫾ʤһ
ôͻȻ͵ˣ֮ǰΪ
м仹źü·üأϲںϢ
֪;ļػûеֿͶ˽˻һš
ܵõϢҲǽĿضԳ͢һƬģ½֮ǰǲĵҳǣշת˺ü죬ŰϢ͵ٴ
Ҳȫ;ĿأΪǰִϵʱ򣬳̫ʦóرߵ̽ӣִ̽٣һȶΪҪټһ֧ӣųϹӡ
ǴŵһϸѯʤĶ˰ء
˴ģԨӵĹ˳ɻʾ֣ĪҪ췴ˡ
Ҫ췴Ǿͳĵһߣ
µı뺷սʤ΢΢
ǿѹеĻң̸ӵдӣӼǡ
պ̨ͨ͵˼ӵ۰ͷ
*
̫ʦѾնǰӵ㱨µģֻʣκƽ⡣
ϵݣҲ΢
е뷨ʤһģѵ̲סҪ췴
³͢սδƽս߾һˡ
ٰ֪ʿսˣʧȥ
뵽ĳ棬гʹ
õֹս˵İ취ǡвðͷ漴ָϽѹȥ
Ϊ˵۵ӵһģӵи̣κһֻ䵽ʲôأ
ԥǵȵӵķҩ󣬲Ӽľǰȥ㱨
£򶫴󽫾ʤо鼱
ʤ
ӵǰЩʱգʤֱּפٴ
ʱմ̫ʦԾǰһǣ±ϾפҲһвפٴԷһ
ʤͻѵǶб䣿
Ͻ̫ӣһʱǰһڡ
¾ӵأ
µ̽Ӷ˴ĶôһϢûУ
ӵðҵ죬ţ
֪Ҫشƽԭİջʱ򣬱Ѿɳ붦µĳţϢͲ
ϢŭҪӦ֮ߡ
κƽôֻܾܵתע
ѣȴֻܸӵ۴صĽѹ
ԲߣкζԲߣ
䭵ľռζشƽԭˣ
ӣֻԱֶģȻʦ£Ҫ췴
Т£ԭΪ䭴Ӫ°ôҲϲôߵһġ
ȴڲ֮󣬽űشƽԭˣ
شƽԭǿǴҪ˰֮أ
ռݵĶǱ֮أƶ˿ϡ٣ʹ˱ֲԭҲƶ֮أ̫ˡӵеģǵشﲩԭ˿ڷ࣬ôռЩƵġ
ռôһԭأ׽һ̰壬ûκζԳˡ
˵ǣ뵱µʱơ
ܵסһ࣬ȴδܵס䭵ľӡ
ӱߣֻҪͻٴطߣֱȡƽԭ;ǡ
ȵΧǵʱҪΣ
ˣϱ߽Ǵ򲻹֮ضûУ
뵽ӵ۶ϱĶðһ亹
벻취䭣ʧȥԼĻλ¾ֻмʱˡ


152 
شƽԭգ ʵҲ˶ӭĵ
еһЩеĵ͡
ŵżүӵүӽǵͳĶϵĵ뵽˼У ߰ʮһá
Ѿʼطˣλ˵˰ɣ
Ҳ˵Ϣͨ һЩֻǧĶҵĵǣס£Ҳ֪ʲô¡
أ ʲô˼
үӶһɫӵʾ⣬ ˵
ؽ峤Ըλ˵˵
ƽգŮ ÿ˶ɷֵĶء
̾˵һ
ÿĶء˵ǰɱ˲ˣ ҲúüʮĶϰĶ˰ɣ ôȥ֣
ǽϵЦ
Ȼν֮ءµĹԱ˸ʾһĶĴأ Ըʾ֮ڣ ߱˲ƾģ֮ء
һ룬սشƽԭ˼±ս𲨼 Ϊȫȼ֮Ǩ㵽ȥܻˡ
ģ ҪôǲԼĲҵ᲻ߵģ ҪôǼ֧Ա
ɱ볷ڼ䣬 ;ĿҲٵ֡
ٵ嶼ӣ Щùģ ֱȫҶɱˡЩصΪңĴ󻧼һ˵û
Щ˵أǳ֮
ЩߵģҲûõϢܵõϢ֮ڣǷҲɲ˰
Ҫ߱죬ʵǿ̡
붼Щ˱ûš
˵ⲻǲôǽΣԭˣԸ׽˼̳Уָܷһ޹ϵˣ
ǽӷŭص
˶ʱˣλ峤䲻ԭصˣȴҲԭܵġ
ϾЩǵĲƲֻҪٸ˹ϵ붼Ǳ峤ǿƵļˡ
ƺûϵ
ǵȷʵȥϷпܱأΪϣЩġ
Щ˶û˵һ²ؼ̬ȡһЩȴüͷȻʶʲôȴҲͷ
ǽϼˣ
λү㲻ΪԼµ룬ҲΪԼ롣ЩӸˣ˭ϵأλүĶܲȫԼͼūְɣ
ϡΪЩԼʳˣǵʳ˭үǣеʳˣʱλƿۣ
ңϷ˵ǵȵһɲҪҲֻٸùٸԸղС
ԭΪ²ؼǲˣҲӦˡ
ǰû뵽ЩӶˣҼҵĵػû⣡ⲻǿ𣡡
԰ũʱֻôǶæԼĵˣ˭ǵģ
ôܲЩûǮֵǮľֻأԺǮʲôѺûѺǵ⻹ô
Ҳ˵ЩˣǣҪתʱôضûҲڲֵǮ𣿡
ԭǸӢۣо֣û뵽˺ͿѹЩ
˰⻰˵˺еĵǶʶ߶Լ𺦣׷׳ַ
үҲؿڵ
峤˵ҲϷǵİѴλһȺȺ취
żΪӵ壬ѿſǵ⣬ȽеǣǵȻصġ
ʵ
˵ֹһطѵͲ֣
ү˵طҪôԭȱ֮أҪôǺԭȹ⸴֮أӵص˶ʮǰܵϱȥˣʱԶټϱս²ŸͣЪԺƻʣ˭Ҳȷ᲻
ϲΪֵطԶȥ¡
ǵĵ΢ЩûǵĵأֵĶǴ̰鳭أľͰѰǨƵ׺ƽԭȥ͵شûͻ
棬ƺҲûȥ¡
ԣûǰԲο
һջүӳİ
Ϸģûпܵ³ç֮١Щ˲£㵱Ҳô򷢡
ɣڶ£壬һǰȥݻᣬǵ̬ȣô˵
˾⻰ЩǷ׷ͬүӵİ£ͷǰߵؿϱߵ˷ῤ˵
ݺ˴ͷЩ壬ڵصģǲһЩӵܸһͬǰ£
*
Ȼûôü
ϵģǶؽԨţȴ֮⡣
ԣԨ֪ûô򵥣ϵĹ˾
ǣֻ˶Σȥֵطعķ뾴
ԭµһΪȥ࣬˳ɼһֵ¿Уεܳһӣα䭳ɳµȵصķع
ԭֹϵķعµĵطҲ·ɳ£ء
δĹ٣Ե뾴ǵλߵһˡ
븮ССﲻɾ⣬Цɡ
ү˽һѵ̧
ȴû뵽뾴ȴɫԴǵ
ĹԱһףֱ˵ǡ
ϴ̰֮磬ɲΪ»ǰ;
үƨɣкܲˣȴҲǿѹŲñʾĽͶݻģ뵱׼ĴԱģϣ뾴ܴΪ
뾴۲ǵɫδ֮ԡ
ôæҪǰȥҲǲǵȦӣ˷ѿʱ䡣Ȼ⳼²ˡ
Ա⣬²Ϊ˰ݼӦûɣˣֱ˵ˣȻڣǾġ
˵ϣүֻǿЦ
ǼԿĽҲͶġֻǣһ£Щϸڻ뿤ȶһϣܸһµĻᡣ
ѾȫǶԿͳشƽԭûԸЧңִҪһУǽʲôҲֲǡ
أȶ뾴ʱʲôˡ
Ҳֹطķعˣǰеط˳Ψڵششƽԭ
Ҳشƽԭضҷʣ漰治Ǳ֮棬ЩǣȻҪƽġ
ǰ죬ڿ֮£ֱ˵صַŶãˡ
ǣ̫㣬һþͿܻغ㲻ˡ
һ˼ӦүӵԻһ˶£¸


153 
˷뾴Ļ㱨 䭲̫⣬Щá
ȫĸؼڰٷ֮߰ʮң罭ϣ شƽԭƽԭطֵĵط ؼʸǴﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ͨӵеؼ٣Ҫޣòܸߴ߳ɵĵ⡣
˵ٽ͢ͷ˰ 䵽Լڴʣ޼
شƽԭǧ ƽһƼݣ궬춼кܶ˶
ȻƬأٷ
Ȼ ƽշأ ٶᶯеĵ⡣
˿٣ ض࣬˵ʵûôͻԲǻأ ǵ߶㼤 ûôеū͡
˰ɣɳΪӣȳɱҲû档
Ȼ ʵ֤Ѿ飬 ЩҲǲ⣬ ߻ûȥ ۼһԡ
ɫ΢䣬 뾴Щûף ŵ
ǲֱӻؾǡ
Ҫʲô˵ͷ
ЩǧټȻҪģ׶̬ȣҲĴң¸ĹԱŪ˷
*
ӼЩĵص㣬˶¾Ӫ
˵ԨҪѽøʵȴûôãһԺطסˣճ칫һ㶼ڶ´Ӫ
ɳǲ綦µӪؿ󲿷ֱڶ²ɳֻһҽзء
үӵ˱߽ӪҪ·ӪһƬУԶܿʿѵʱĺɱݡ
ѹѹͷкü
ԶԶؿţз顣
үӺĴﻥཻ˸ֻ֪ǰΪС룬ȴ
үӸкڡ
ǲˣǰţԼ²û⡣
⼸ӣŷ֣һʵΣա
Ͼͬһ֮津ŭ֮Σ⼸ڻѨˣס
˧ʣ˹¹ȫô󣬻ϴɺƷ༫õķϺȣǿ
ֲЦˣǱ̬ǫȻҲһʼͰڳǶһŵ
̫ϲĨ˷ʱ䣬λлֱ˵
ֱӵĻд̫үӵһϲĵȻ̫ᣬԲ㣬ζ
ˣʹӵǿıҲûа취Ը
֮ǰ˵ǣүӳ
˴˴ǰ߶ţ뿤
£˵ϱ治ϲŭ
үӱ
ӣҶ֪ģͷĹԱٴּ⣬ʵҪƵû·
ǹ涨ޱƾأ㽫˽չٸǰսңЩмڱأ죬˵ϻϢûյأ
ЩսʧģҲϡⲻǿôһ˽ֻٸ˵ĳĴµģ
ȻԴĿصģСĿģ㹻֤ǿ°ġϣүѡԺӡ
Щ뿤֪Ϊˣ˴ſб˽ңȫµῤΪǻ·ʱǻᴢλĴƣ
ò˵үϳɾǺܻ˵ġ
־䣬ûһָ䭣ֻеƵͷĹԱͷȥ̨ܴס
ְϵ˵ЩߣЩ˵棬ȫ档ЩгйԱ
ִⲻģضóЩԭ֧ĹԱòٳ
Ϊ˵ϣôҲúúõһϵˡ
˭Ҳû뵽Уֱӱɫ
˵ÿһߣǱǩġǻ·
Ŀ´ǣһ䣬޳УԵô󸹱㣬û·
ѲУֻǰ㣬ʳƥǵĲֿƽնŽл·
һɫʣм˼ļЦϡ
ֱүӸñѹô
Ҳһ֮ٷˣ֪ʱҪסҪǵҪȫڳû˵Ļˡ
ǫ̬ٵ
ϢŭȻ˼
ֻΪΪƽչ㷢أᵼ²ϵĵ˸֣ȷʵʧСգҲ⣬˵ܲʱ΢Щʵִ̫ˣ˵Ҫſ²Źġ
ǲ˽ҲȷʵЩòΪѣز͵ڳ˷ôֵǮľǵأһҪиתʱܽ˱Ͼ·ġ
Ҳ׷׸ͣ·жһ㡣
ۿǳѵرݣȻһһ⡣
˵ʱ䲻˭ִʱǱôԶƽգôԿо
֮ǣͲӵЩء
˵˽Ϊ֪Ǵʲô⣬ҪſӣȥأҪ˼꣬ȫص
壬СµĴǣһְ취ʱͨղòѺǽǮԼҲֽȥ
䭽˵ֱףȫǵĴ㣬˿ûأүӵɫܲÿ
а䭱̫ȴΪڶ¾ӪУһҲұֳֻ˳ص
Ȼţ˱ˡ
ûӦʣǸ
Ǽʷ񣬴ǮҲһоǱǵء
̰Ĳ㣬ŰƶһɾҲеǰ취ʲô䲻ţ
и׵İ취ԽеزƲեһĲʣְ취ƲҲ޹򲻵ѣãҲϣܺΪ֮
ǡ
ĲԹŭ뿪˶´ӪصջſʼйӵԹ
⻰˵ãǶһأһݣƾʲôҪȥðỵ̂
԰ԭ˵ʵۻӹܣôӹܣҲû㲻ֱ
Щӵߡ
Ψү̾Ϣŵ
ǿӶκβãΡֻϵùľԺٿա
ЩԣҲĻ䡣
Щشƽԭϵ壬ù̯ɱһ취ҲûУֻܺ޺޵
˵õʧʿŵʱ
ߣ̲ʱڳЩ˵õϢȻ취Ը
*
ԨЩɫ뿪Ҳ̲סǰȰ˵䭡
˵ž񣬲ò񣬿شƽԭʿ𣬶ԿعԹأֻ´´￪ҲӰʿԿ֧֡£ϾҲʿ¡
֮⣬Ҳ֪ǳ˽ĲȰ˵Ц
󽫾Ϊͨն໹ʿࣿ
Ԩ
Ȼͨն࡭˼ǣߵ£
նɢɰԶʿܳ¡ʶԭչ黹Ҫǵ֧֡
֪Ԩ°Ҳǹٻҳڵǿ󵽺εȵز
Ϊ̶ܽȵͶȴɵӣ֪˭ǺõˣԼҲ
ɢɰǱ㽫Ǿۼɸʯսʿһڰ֮ң
ǽͷһǿסģǿǰ֮Ȼǿ
񸻷ܹǿǿܱǿ
䭰ȻӰԨд
ǰδĵһȴ֪
Ҳ¶ɵЦǰ׵ˡı£κ˶͸ء


154 
ӵԴӵ֪شƽԭϢ ļ٣ȴһĪչ
ûǿκƽıߣҲûټĴ󳼼˼档
Ϊ µѫ󳼣мǼʹ ԽǱֵýЩ˱Խ׾ǿиɡ
ƾЩ˵磬֪˻ᰵȥʾáʱ ⾩бȻٵӦǽɣ ƽΪ
ĽƺܿشƽԭϢõ˻⡣
֪شƽԭϼĴǰȥݼ䭺ɫشӶ´Ӫ뿪 ӵ̲סЦ
Ҳӣ ˿ شƽԭϵ˸ףֱȡ
ˣӵ˵
κƽ⣬ Ϣ ޵ؽ˾档
ƽ⣬ʮ޴κΣκڳеλΣ
ܸоԴΧ κƽĲԼʱ
̫ʦѾ壬ŵù˲ࡣཫκƽֲ࣬ Ȼ  ΪԼò
κƽβ׼ӵ۵ĵ㲦 ˣ ݲ
ٺãҲһ·ˡͼ壬ֻмӵһѡ
̾Ϣţе𽥼ᶨ
´ɽκң£
ӵˣյĳ顣
ȡʿƵ˶棬Ѿ³еѫٵ꣬ȻҲҪٶشƽԭϢҴš
ڶ죬еѫƷϹԱһá
κƽࣺ
£ǰյõǰ߾飬Ѿ֮Գռʿطƽգشƽԭĸ׷ȡ֮͢
⻰˶ɫ䡣
֮УЩشƽԭģһϢףĵҪ䵽Լͷˡ
ضһһĲҵᣡ
԰ֱ
ǲӵ۲ص
ⳤӣʵ°ƣΪ֮ģǲԱѫġֻǸʼ
شƽԭûвҵˣҲʶԡ̰նף磬Ǽ̳дͳֻ½ὫһȫףȥЩӵĶӡ
Ͼǿɲĸɱۡ
ɱǣܸԼĸλã⣬Ӯģֱһٶá
һ̣ǰΪӵ۵ΪҡƫˣҲӢ۹⻷ˡ
ǿıѾȥԶ籱ǿսԶԭٶвˡ
ˣǱ㲻ҪһսĵִԽǿ󣬶Խ
ӵľ˸ۼ״վ
Ϊȴ߽ᣬ޳֮͢óأȻҰ棬˵ö֮
Ļӵ׷Ҳ䭵
ڶѫ󳼷׷׸飬һӵ۳ַ
ӵۼΣ֪ѾɹذȨĶۼԼߣԭսߵбٴˮ½棬ط춯
ȻˮǲҪĵġ
ˮ赲촬ˮʦֶڳ͢УӺѶɺսصҪĻ̲Ϳǳٴ
뵱ͱսһԡ
¹棬˷׷˽Ҽӵ׼ײߣʾԸ׳ֺͲ͢
֮˽жһΪ˱ԣһ棬ҲΪڼӵǰͱġ
ЩˣṩЩļƲߡ
ǣţӵְشƽԭдҵĴ󳼣ȥشƽԭЩ壬ͬԸ䭡
ǧ֮Ѩ̵ıҲԴڲƻ
սȻǲǵģȫԴڲ֣䭵ľش
г֧֣͢¹棬شƽԭϵЩ壬ǲĳġ
֮⣬ǻƶ۲ԣȫλ䭵¶شƽԭҲ˰
˽飬ˮ˼ðŴƶ֣òֱս
£ڶѫ󳼶֧֣ӵЩơ
*
ߣҲûš
ԴӺؾܾشƽԭϵЩ壬㰲鱨ԱעǵĶ
Щ˶ķ֮ȻңȻҲٶ顣
ĶУʵҲǿԸǶġ
һ˰н£˾Աֲ㣬ƽնĳޣӵغͲƸϡ
ѻһȼҲϨ
ʱȻڲĻңӰũҵ뾭õĻָҲ׽˵ȫƵĶȥ
ˮƽԶʺ˳׵ĸĸʩϾʵرϷӵ˽ܴٽũҵĽ
ԣ¸ЩȻɱӺ
鱨ϵͳڱֲԭͶֱ߽磬ȫԭشƽԭΪء
鱨ϵͳӪԱҲһܸṩһЩ鱨
֪żңҶ볯͢ȡϵ䭲ûţ˼ǵĶ
Щۡ
Ӫ켣оԴΪС
˵ʲôˣ
䭺
ҪҪǣЩ͸¶ͼ
˵Ŀƣ޻أҲТõ˵ľЧҡ
Щ˵һɱûУüͷûһ£ζʣ
ô˵
˵Ƿƨ԰պã˭ЧҿǴ֮ͽ˵ûҪڻӹĻʵۡ
ǣȷʵЩ΢ʣ˵ԺҪشƽԭѡ٣ǾȥμѡΡ
ЩȻǳ͢ߵʿǵֶΣ޷Ǿشƽԭ˿á
ЩȷʵС˲Ŵ˻ơ
شƽԭûñˡ
˵Ժ󶼻ȡƸƶȡ
޷شĹԱܿͻǵȵصĿǰͲڴ˵п
ȥЩ֣εǣĿǰÿԵشƽԭΪһĸ١
ǿճλãƶѾ죬߲Ϊڵ
Ϊʡʱ䣬϶ҪٽһѡΣϴѡεԱ˳λ¼ͿĿȱ
Щ˵ŲЧĶǣּʹûǣҲͬӰĹٸУȻһ顣
ȻҲ᳹׶Ͼǵϣ컹пҲƿأԸԸȥͿԼˡ
Ҳ
͢ڹԱ£ΪУӪٴӪɵüӿ춯ˡ

Ӫȥȥ㴫ӿٴӪȡ


155 
ٴ⣬ ǧʿڷھ򱱱ߵĺǺӡ
ԭлǺӵģռݺָˡ
ǰǱӵͶʯ ֻҪĿȼɡ
ս󻻳̱ȱӵľʯԶһ ҸΪɣҪĺӹźֹ£ ׹ǡ
Ҫһߣ ҪʮɣƳһܡﶼǸΪ޵Ĺ̡
ͷҪڰ޺ã ѹ 㼶Ľٶߵúܽ
ĥĥģ ûԷ𣡡
๤ĶͷǲϺǳţʱϱȭ塣
ĥˡ͢Ԥޣ ʿǲսʱ һ춼ֻٷԸ߷ֱ⻹˾зеĴӪ̸ϣƼݵģ ò˶١
߰ǿʿǻ϶Щסˡ
㶯 ԽǶ Խǰ ԽԽ ֱѭ ΪɱӺٶͷһЩرʿñװĻ֡
ӱĵù
ϹٵĴǲֵܻģֻܻסҪڵϣŬʹĿЩ
ͻȻߴ˺¡¡
оˣ
оˣ
ҿǣ
ŵô
ǹͷĽͷʿʶͷȥ
ȫ֮ǰų䡣
ǿҲǿĲԭҰս·һһΪ˼ǱӽȶԷǵʱͨɱС
Ʊ˵һ࣬˲뵽Щجΰ˿־ı˵ĵһӦӡ
ȻĻã溾ȴֻܾصȴɱ°ˡЩܻس˵Ӹܲ
ź¡¡عرգڳǣֻܾصȴŶ˵Ľ١
ȻоĴ󲿶ܽ˵ʱǲŷ֣ǲǱǴŻɫ´
ˣӶˣҪԵģǱȱӻҪǿ´
ӭŴ۵̫Ŷо뱱ӱ޶µĸߴս˹ºļͷɪɪ
ԷҪǣȻҪԽû޺õĺЩˣᱻɱ
ۿŶѸװͶʯʼӶɸ
Դٴʿ֮ʱŹĿֲ˵
Ͷʯӱ֪׾ٱסǺɫһ£ԲڵʿǶᱻըķѡ
Ǳڱӵ»Ҫңɱиȫʬ£첲Դһ¶ҪԼĸ첲ȡ
ӶӲοǡ
ȻԷġסӹȴûд˵еľ죬Ҳû촦ʹֻúʲôɢһأżиСϣȴ̫ۡ
Ӳ۾µкܶɢһصĻɫСֽ
оͷиԲͷԲԵСԽڶֵ׶ͰǺ
ٴֵǲҪ£ǿ˵ˣҶԼˣֻҪǲǱѵԼϡӽ⻤ǺΪ磬ֻҪҲԽߣǱɺദ
еʿǲ켫ˣĴɱǵģ
ɱǣ
漴׶ͰСص
ʰŴҽոϹǺʮͣʿֵܶˣصЩҲ塣ղӹģǾճʹõǣûģҷĳԣ컹У
˵ţһ֣кöСֽɹ
ԡЩӹĶȻǿ飿
Ǵٹǲľǣ
¾ӵսҪɱǣûҪ¶Ͼ˪ҪüʮĲһСأҪɱﷸŻôǮ
̫æµһ磬ڶʿͼꤣֶֿʣ˵ϵǿ飬˱̲סһСֽ
һ涫Ө͸ָ׸ǴСţսһţԼй㡣
뵽ֻйƷǵζ̲סһ
һ˲䣬Ƣ⴫ǻˮһӾͷڳҲþһ
ǣǣ
ǰ
ĺ𰡣ҴûԹôóԵǣ
ǣ
ֱߵֽ򿪺óһŷŵֻһ˲ϵ˿ڶûôʹˡ
治Ǵ˵й˲ܳԵľǣֱɵһ
ۼǰкüϽڻ
ʿҲǣʱȫٿ־ѹ׷׿ʼǰ
ǼǰľӾͿʼͷغ󳷡
Ӫָʹ̻Ϊأ̻΢벽
֣ղŵ÷ȥپǰ컹ҪһеĺķҲ̫ˡ̲סԳ̻
ǿǾǣǼǰ᲻óԣȴͨʿܷǡЩʿǵ˼ڿǳ̬
Լʿ˲ҲͰˣоҲô࣬ľѡ
̻Цеģ
ٽõģǲǶأⶫҪǮԼֻɱۣʵûô󡣡
̾˿
ǮҲðڵоϣܽ˾òֵ
̻ʱ̵ָ۹ľ裬Ե
ڲԭշЩʿʱҲǷǡʱ˵ڵҪǮҲҪǮȻҪǮǺβΪڣڲüѪЧȴδرײ
΢΢һ
ΪڣڲѪ
뵽ǰ˵ܲ;򣬵ֻܺɱһ˲ЧҲ壬ʱҲǼĺð취
ɱǲɱľʵŶ԰ʿʴ֮ġ
Щ񣬱̻̽Ӵչ
˵ǣһǻȲһŴ׹ٽֻܷſģ
ǼթС⣬ҲЦ
ˣڸǿǲƴأȫڳ͢£һǮ޲ĻʿǵĳԴסУ޲Ҫϸ㣬ʡ֮ʡ
񰡣Щıÿٶԣ˵ߺ󣬿˴ӱֲԭҲǰž͵ˡ
еķ˶ٶٶͣܳԵ⣬ÿˮȣʿۿɼϳ⡣
ʿѵ࣬ȴҲϴЦ˵ڵá
˵Ͷ۶ǻǶʿ˵ȷѡҪҲû
ҲԵôá
*
Ӫ򶫴󽫾ʤȴȫûĺ顣
ҪЩڳʿƽس˵
Щһ˷ܵظԼͬǡ
˵ˣֻҪǲԽǺӣǾͲɱǣҲʹף
˵ǶԼأǣЩ޻Ǻ̫࣬Ƿ˾ǲӣǿҼ˺üǿ𰡣ûԹôǣ
˵ţǾͰǷָԼͬǡ
һ˸˵ĺϢ
Ƕжţ֮ǰǵ־׷࣬ɱʮˣǵŭȫû
ʱǾͷˣ֣ҪɱǣǱȿв˻ס
ǸĸѪ֮˭ٱսʱܲء
˵Ҫ´սжЩܡ
򶫾ԭǲ֪´жµɱʱʱͬ˵Ҳ㷡
ϿԼˣ˵ɱǣ˭ܲء
ͬǴİ۵ľǣ񾭶и˲٣̲ס
Ҿ˵ö԰ԼˣΪʲôҪɱ
԰ɱǵģǳ͢ҪٴӦսİɡ
õ͢ϧ޻Ǻ࣬ǹŸǷǲ塣
ôĶԸⷢôǳԣǺܹǡ
Ҫ¸öã˵ڼһĶضˡ
ˣ͢Բ»򶫽ġ
ҲǡҾãǲܹ£ҲùһƬġǺǻģҲûҪǵ͢Ѱ·
ⲻͳΥǵļ˻ڳ͢ĵؽء
ʲôǱβһڣҪǶϽܰ͢ôǵļһɱˣ
۵ھѸٵش
ڶ죬ٿܶʿسǵǣٻȥ
ۼŶͶʯһһǹڿŮɢƵõǣʿǷȻͿʼǣʤҧгݡ
ǰ͸оʿ˵ڿ־壬ЩͼʿǹȴһöûС
ϾʵǱִ°ܽﲻһô˵תǵĹ
ⲻҪǮƵķǹȫ߽ȫĶ־
󽫾վܾȥǺӶ԰Ѳӣǵ򶫾ҲǺӡ
µĻ㱨úʤŭա
Ⱥث֣һ仰ǾǲԽ׳һЩȫȥˣ
æȰ
󽫾򲻿ɰսʿռ˰˳ϣóȻɱˣֻ»𻩱䣡ɽء
ɽһֱͶʤС
еķΧҪóȻȡǿƴʩֻĻ𻩱䡣
ɽһӶñմŭʮҪٳʣֻ±Ҫֱ̻
һ֣ӲӮҲ˻ɢҪǱô죿


156 
˼ȥ ʵӵۡ
̯ʰˣֻüӵԼ⡣˴£Ҳֲ
һܵӡ Ҳ޿Ҫá
ǣûã ӵ۾ٴյ˺ʤӼͻӣ鲢ï˽δ˿ֻ򶫾ҡĵķʽжթ ֶôΪ
֮ǣ ܣֻӢı¸취
ӵۿϵݣЩһ
Ҳ׵ģ ٴʮ޶־ Ƿˡ
ݺʤ˵ Ϊη壬ŻὫֻȫζţ  򶫾޷Ը䭡
ȫ¾ôЩ򱱾붦ңʣʲôˡ
ɽصҲ޷ 򶫾䭿ս
һ㣬־ ޱá
  Щ˵ľӣ ᲻ֱӿͶ
ӣӣ벻һһ͹ Σ
ҧгݵصţȴڲܿƵ
ȻûжԳ͢ȴĴԽԽΣգʱᱻ»λĴ
ʲô
شƽԭ䭵ľӽͶ
ƺУĿǰɵشƽԭı̫ˣһв̫ʵֻܴݾߡ
ҪȵиʱһɱС
ң뿼ǵЩжʧܣôӺδ䭵Ĵٽ
ȥҲֻ±һ·
ʱһҪȫѵϿؾֻۣЧʵۡ
ֻǣԽҪҪǮǮӺ
Ϊ֧ȱڣȫ½궼Ѿӹһ˰ˡ
óеĴ֧֣
ЩͷĶûռˣǾȫȫģǰˣҲȻһ֧ƿȨ֡
¡
ڶ𣬴˼ӵ۵˼·
ӵۻعԭ
Դƫ̱󣬱ʱݡ
ѾҪͨˡ
ʲô𣿡
ߵǰΪĦͷϵѨλͼһЩ
˵˵ɣȻʲôҸһҲЩ
ӵԣȴֱӷ֣ޱȷơ
ʮδֵ
֮ϵĳ٣ǿĶ֣ҲܸоԼϣǰڵġ
ȴǲ·벻صİ취
ߵ֪ˣʲôæﲻϣֻ˵ЩõİοĻҪӦʵ˷ꡣ
һ̣Щݻʺ
ݻʺƢӲ߰ÿֵ飬һð취ݼҲṩǿ֧֡
Ϊĸӣв䭣Ͱ䭵ɱѿ׶ˣ䵽ĵز
ͷһи巳
ǻ˼ʮŮӣӵǿѹŲ͵
޽æȻȥɡ
ȥĻҲ˵
Щȴ˳ظ뿪ˡ
ûĸţӵۿ˼ڤã˼·
ʵǰȫֳɵĳɹԲο
䭣ʱҲûǮǴõǮµʿģ
ɽˣɱǵĿأԭؽ
ͽ̫ɢüнҲϡôֻǺˡ
ӵۻȻʡ
¼Ԭҵʱ򣬱㳭˺üļҲ
ǸƸǿʢļ壬ضܳǮͬʱܽһġ
ųеĴ壬˸ȴ̸֣ڵģĸʡ͵ĵơ
ҲΪ˳Ǯóеʿ£ȡʲô
˼ãҵ˸õѹζ󡪡
̾޼֣
ǮɱҲסⲻ䭶ʿָô
ҵ˳·Լļıѹһͷӵ۵΢Щ
ټκƽˣ̳ﱸʮѽͳոٴɽصأ½ε־֣һȫȨҪѵ֧
ھѣȴӹ׼̾޼֣
֪ٴϾƣȨҲܵɽϣûһ˷ԡ
*
ʱĳͼھٰһСΧףᡣ
µҪ춼μӡ
ϯ䣬輧ظ裬ÿ˵İǰŷʢʳ
ϲ̨
ϲ̨ϣ
ףСӣ
˲ϵλͼǺϲ
ϹǳЦݣػӦŵ˵ףء
ƶԸ̥ãԲƾң
һԵͼԣǵ뾪ϲ
ǰǶһֱн䱸Ը⻳ĺӣǰзԭıӵŭ
һΪսǿͣĵܿ׽
⺢Ѿˡ
˵ԭŮ彿ºܶ⹫һֱǷҲ׼͸¶Ϣ
£ҲԼһϲˡ
õ׵ķӣȲĽţİŮӻ˺ӣǺεȴ⡣
˵ǣһʼĺӺԼĶҪ־ŭֻҹͣؿ
ģƺ˺ӵĴڣԼδ¡Ķӷɫżᡣ
񣬸ǵĺˡ
ͼã
ϺȲþƣǺȣ
⻰һҲ׷ǰյһʱϯֲѡ
Ů·Ժ֣ߵŮ
츮ʲôϲ£֣
Ů˸ͷŮһʣ㱨
ˣѾ̥ˣ̨һףأ
⻰ʱһ
ͼֲûӣУҲѾȻҪף
ôߵСͰѸˣ
ݣɫˡ
ڴʱԭֻǰϥ񾹳˸߸ϵ̨ϡĹλȴ̲ࡣ
⣬Ϊ׵Ʒͼǿת⡣
ΪǼףüЩҩĻǵɽƬ˹ӣ˵ðΣоĽ
ʲôȴͼεռҪλá
ʵЩͼѾӵݵӪߵһεͼûбİ취
ΪˣƲסԼȥͼ谮˭
ʱ룬֣ռͼеλáûǣͼĳ谮ŵģŶԣ
޷̣Լ˼ȴܳΪͼ氮
Ҫ㱨ȣͼˡ
֪ͼ׵ӣȻ
ǵŮԴ˺
ʱ̨ߣ̨ȻǸɶԭŮҹϵĺӣȴŮ˽֡
ǲһ⣬ڴ̨ǰƺЩƲ֡
ŮӰ쵽еĺӣæŷοȴûܽ
ŮΪ˽ʾ֭ʱͼߴ˽еظʵ
۵ûУûﲻ
ǽһˮŮǸ¶ϲɫ
ƿ֣һԲ̬ʮĮ
ͼջѵΪӵ£̬ЩôͻȻˡ
˭ϲ죿
ͼط
ǵԭŮŵӵ
˵̨ȥͲˡ
ŮǴԭģСźܺãһֱܵǿء
ǰЩӣǻк󣬳Բ˯ãһľЩ㷿ķˣԼŮչԼ
ͼԭŮӽ³ס̥㽫Щ˵˹
ȻܽأϸЩ˵ĳ롣
ס죡˭Ϊ²ˣ
߳ŭغǳɫܲڡ
ͼǹЦݣ٬̧°ͣ⣺
Դˣ
Ƿ֣
ͼԹԵؽͣ
˵й£ȥģôһʲôǲǣ
ô˵ƺҪˡ
ͼҴϢһֻա
˯ˣֽĸŮʲôҪĶ
Ůǵϲú˽⡣˳׼ƣ˺ЩϲĶ˵Ĺϵ˲١
ѹ
и㷿ˣ˵ļֲ֪ĺɫҰĵرóԡȣһֱθڲã˵ⶫ󣬵˲ٻҿӦԵġ
ͼɫ΢Щԥ
ݣڳ򣬾˵ٶڴĵؽϡ
Ұûֻ֣ʶ
Ҫȥ


157 
ǲ԰ݵգ ͼһǼʶԭҹŮǹŶôʳᾫڲϸġ
ԭ֮صĳʳ˵ǴֲЩίͺ
ֻһȥ ٶЩͨԭͬҲӡ
ǣ Ժ
ձһˣһͬȥݣΪǹȥȱ˵ ʱýϲ
¶Ц
ū澱л̨
ڶ磬 ǰŮ֧̽ѹ
 ̨ȥˡһ·ʮװС
΢΢һɣ ı˼£ ˳ȥˡ
ǸɸĻּã ȴǷϵģ ϵֻǲĹܼҡ
Ϊıǳ䲻⣬ڹؼʱվ
ΨһĻᣬֻܲ˳Ϣ͵ȥ
ס΢΢֣ ĳʹ
Բһðա
Ƕ ûгɹ һ¶ ЩԼ ܿһˡ
ҲǺµģ ҲĶǶԼĸҳϣЦŰοǣ
Ҫ˵ǶǴΪǧն
ۿ΢ȣȴûᣬǸ¶Цݣ
˵öԣ
ᾡȫȥǣǲܣһ𸰻Ȫɡ
֪ͼ׵ĽȾһˣֻ֪ͼһֱЧ⡣
ֻϣ˳յĿţǿ֮ǰٳ֡
*
ǽϣϣƵصȴϢ
µҲܲù
ΪͼյϢشƽԭˣƣߺܻܿ
ֺĺûᡣ
Ҫ׿ٷЧ˷Ӧ֮ǰѸެƽ죬дӸ¸ߵء
ֻҪǳռߵأͬףھԵĵǰҲٹ
оĶЧܲ⡣
չΣ
ٴƫƧԺ䣬ѯŽȡ
óһȵĻҩӣ
ĿǰЧá
ͼȥȼ飬ֻȼպصһ죬޴ը룬ɳ˴Լһ׶ԶͷƬɽҲס
ʼǶըѾ൱޴Ľˡ
ڴؿϣõʹͣ
ҺòײԳ䷽ġ
ȴû뵽ͼЧֱӳĿⲻƵؿ
£ֶνսϣ˼ûϣҪٸЩѵУ
ǰһܲ⣬һȲѣǻŭ
ЧôױȣôǺķǺķҩȥǸͬСʯͷ˲ࡣ
һ뵽ıӣкܺ£æĵ
̨û͵ÿ춼ҪϺüٸ䷽ӶҪѬˣΪˡһĽģٸһʱ䣡
ʶǸŲɵĿھ⼸䷽ϵľ̿۵ı¼ըЧȻ뽫е϶껹ԶϻҳһЩɡ
ıڰٷ֮ʮӣġ
׵ǲΪûҵȷȣڲʱĻѧӦףʼЧǿ
ҪҵǸȷıѰ
൱ʣÿֵİٷֱȶп1%97%֮֡
Ҽǵõһѧ֪ʶӡϽһǧ֡
Ҳϣܻһʱ䶼δǸȷı
ĻҸͼֻܾܵʱ䣬ԼУ˵ؾҵǸȷı
ͼۿŹĵû˿ϧ
ˣȥʮޣ
ŮƢԣ̫òУʱʱʩӸѹܷӳǱ
ҪҪ
ּˡ
ɱͼױֱԺʹ
ЩһֱܼӱʱȴҲǺ
ûһԺ㴫Ŀ޺ʹС
ʮӴ꣬ͼ˰˺۵ϵǰ
ٸһʱ䣬Ҫ벻õİ취Ͱ͵Ὸϡ
֪ῶжʹޣÿοĿ⣬Ǻ޲ܰǧһ㣬ôֹܣҲΪ˷ֹῶɱ֡
㲻ŪҵģҪ˭оס
ͼһ
νо취һ£һ磬ò֮Ч°취ֱĺ
ʱעȣҲµ̽ȴ֪ǹʱ䣬벻İ취
ףȻҪ̱ƹ½мѹե
ڽʳºٴ˱ص
ͼĿ⣬ˡ
֪˵ģ벻ð취ͼĻȥ

ڶһ类ͼǰȲص
иЧİ취ˣҪ֤ɱң
ͼΪλߣܶʲôжʩ
ЧǰȻǲɱµġϾһ̣˭Ҳ֪ǲǻŵơ
ǰɱˣǱԶҲ֪ˡ
ֻҪİ취ĵģȻɱ㡣
µص
ҵİ취ǡڴҼķʿЭңҼǵڴֵ鷿￴ֶȾɷʿĳɹĽɵġڣܻҵ䷽
ðգȷʵҲİ취ˡ
ͼĿؿ
취˱£
ǵģҲǲ뵽ģ
ͼ
ˣ̡
ν̣ʮָһ˸оǳʹ࣬ȴ̷ֲ̫
Ҫ
ŵûɢһǺ̷ܱ̬ôܳܵס
ôģǺܿ˽סֵָͣϣʩ˸顣
ʹסֳͣ˺ѷεĲҽС
µǣ׶Ĵ̹ǵʹιȥ޷ӱܡ
Ƭ̣ͼͣ֡
ϾҪĿĲҪĥΪ塣
´ñˣСص
û˵꣬͸æ
ˣҲˣ
ѵͼȥҷʿ
˵Ǳ֮أϾǸܴĿûüܵķʿҲεɽϣһץһ׼
ۣץʮ
һԸΪЧͼ˰ɱˡ
ʣµ̰ٱһ壬ǹ˳ޱȡ
͵о׵СԺȫԸΪͼ׵䷽
˿̣ʱƣĸٲ˽Լյо۷ʿǡ
Ҫ˵Щʿ˵ûʲôȴǹŴĻѧҳΣרҵԱǿˡ
Ǻܿһǰȫûǵ⡣
ʱͬһҩģҲƣƣƵǿʼǲֲϵӹ衣
ľ̿ǣиĿģҲлȵģԹˣǵ㲻ȼûЧ
ŰĿϡ
֪ⶫǴڳģȱ˳ϴȥɳ
һ㲦ҲȻ
ԣᴿѧôܵĿѧôûᴿ
ǰֻרע䷽ȫû뵽һ㡣
ݳʯȻ˺ܶɳǽɳ˳ʯᾧʯٷ֮ʮľ̿ľ̿ٷ֮ʮıһΡ
صһԺʱҽ
Ǹֱ޾֮ĵվúֱܽӱɽƬ۾ʱѪֱʹвֹ
ȴûǿϵƬ¶ϲɫ
һΣ޴ȻķѣеСƬ䷶ΧҲף˵ǰȫͬһΡ
ǱĴףըըɽʯɱ˰뾶ʮҲʮס
ã϶пŵĳɷ֡
ܴﵽĿǰЧѾǳ
죬ȥ̨ţڳɹˣ
ͼĥ˰ɡ


158 
ױܿȥͼš
ͼʱǵԺ Ķ顣
ǵӰ£Ҳԭ˵Ļкܶȡ֮ġ ѧϰԭ˵İ취̥ͽܱѬա
廰һһ䷭ţ ϵĺʮרעڻټµǣ룬 ˲֪ʲô
̨ϣ
ױ˸
ͼһ ߵĻ֪Ǳ˽չʣվ
ߵһߡ
ױϲɫ ͼ
̨ µ׳Ʒ Ǿˣ
ͼһϲ̴ױȥĵط
ԹۿƷЧ ͼҲ˼⡣
뵽Լǣ ֳһשǽѴŵ׷ŵǽͷȼ
ֻصһ죬Ƕǽֱӱըһڡ
ͼ΢΢šüתͷһ´׷ɱʿ
֮Σ
ʿ
Сδ׹ǣ ֻڹܼȺʱЧ̫ȷɱ˷ΧǷһ ǾûЩ
ͼ£
ȥǽҸĵأ ϼԭū 鼸Ρ
ǣ ͼͼʿһ ȥ˳ǽ
ֳѾ˴׵ԭūЩ˼˻ˣ²֪ҪʲôҲǿ־塣
ȺһʱľȦһ̶ķΧڣģоʱܶվ
ˣҲֳװһµףͶʯϵȼ
ۼǱ򻹴ľ޴׳ȥס˺
ϣʵսЧͼǡ
صһ죬ԶѪɣű˸ֲҽ뾪ֵļ
ͼȥܿõ˽
ߴ߸һǱģΪ뱬ըȽϽը˸첲ȣ˵˲ӣѪֹۿǻ˵ġ
֮⣬Ա߻һʮ˶Ƭ壬Ƥˣء
ʿȷϣҲ֪ƬĴǲ
˵Ҳǰúܶˡ
ۼ۰Ͱ͵ؿԼͼ߹ȥżֿһЦ⣬
ȷʵнչԺôԣô㲻ãţ
ѣõͼϿˣ
ҽ㿴ˡ׵ЧǻҪĽٲʮ죬ҪЧõƷ
̵ͷӦ
һ취Ľģ
ͼ¶ЦݣĽҰıԺо
ƷĶܴѾ˷ڳˣᳳ̥Ҳйܡ
֮⣬ַԸƸļӿ׵ǡ
ֶʵûôӣǣľװֱ֮ΪҩĶˡ
ԣҪףȫصȵ䷽ٶ
ӹǱȽ鷳ĸǰǰˣľ̿ԭҲ׼˺ܶࡣֻ䷽ֱһװ˵սʹá
*
ͼֱҲûظǸоƫƧСԺҲ˲Ͻ˳ȥݺ̽Ϣ͵˳⡣
ʮֲ
ͼģǸӱˣʱźۼԶԶͼķӦƺǺϢ
鳡ذᵽ˳⡣
һж˵ǵоȡ˺õͻơ
Ѿ뿪ˡ
ݵһһֻҪʮ죬ͬелڣ»죬ܸϵͼˡ
ˣȻٴʧȥɥ
죬ʲô
Ů㷿ߣ
ͼɵԸԼⳤǵرأ
ȫ󣬵ͼߺǻ̿ĥ
Լʹս֮ʱҲܳΪвӵĳ롣
úûƺǲˣ˵ҪøмֵС
һҹδߣ뵽Լ¡
ڶдһţܿŮ
취Ž´
֪Ὼʹһֱ޲ɱ֮죬ȴͼı޷ɡ
Ѿᵽ˽⣬Ҫɱڸ֡
ֻΏʵɱжǵо
ȻҲܿܲԸΪĳ޲һС
ǵһ°¶ҲΪͼ¼῵Դͷ
ͼΰҲʹսһ֪֪˵Ŀ¶֡
*
иԳǰ͹Ů
῵ױǰ㱨
Щ죬͹ͼΪ谮ԭϡûκνʲô£
װĺ˹չʾǵƣȻ
ϽŸ
ῴŷ⣬ͷдѾΪͼзһ¡
еԭֻʹԭѣϻĺޣ޹ġϣܿڰյķϣֹ
ַ֮ף˵һоӾ޴ףչֳļֵ⽫ͼ
ĩ͸¶Ѿᵽһ£ҵϣڱϣԼ֡
Ͳ±Žͼ
͹ͼ谮ΪԾĹ
˵Ž
ң㽫ܣҲûôҪˡ
˵꣬ˡ
῵ɻõ˽
ͼĸдϢܳ谮ϱͼؽ˵Ρ
綼֪ԭȴ͹һ㷿ǰʱˡ
ͼѸ׼ĶʱԵɡ
ͼɰ͹©Ϣ
Ů˵Ļ⻳ֻδǻɡ
͹Ӧˣְ֪¶һ죬ԲգдŸδϵĽ
֪и
СŮб֮ġ
һɷ򣬾ȻΪһ˽Ͷйڲˣ
ֻһˣĿǰͼΪʣòͼ
ջûΥͼɰ͹˾٣ȴӡ
Ϊ󻰡
*
ǼԺûй
ݵĿջʮֱܼӴй˵ݣ˵شٱ׷УסЩ˵ĽŲ
ԼŻӳݣһ·ϣֱǡ
θ࣬ŵĹؿϣǮһ·վҹ̣Ǯͨسʿֻʱ䣬ͷ
ǵĳԶطѽǮͼͨسǵ˵ǮҲ˳ǡ
Ȼû߶Զ㱻һȺŰΧ
ϸ£ͽ
ԭ֪ǿ󣬾ǱͶ֮С
ȲѣϽʵϱݣǿӦͤע⣬½ϱֵ¿
ֵ¿ϸһ¹شӼϢ¡
Ѿ䷽һ£͵䭰ǰ
ͼɵݵֱҲһ˴ٱ׷ص־Ӫ


159 
ͼˮ߽Ժʱ Ǿ֪Ǳߵ¶ˡ
Ԥ˼죬ɼȻЩֱ˲С鷳 סǡһܳɹŵǵĿԱ˺ܶࡣ
֪΢Щ ĥ˵ݵǰȥ׼ӭӽļ籩ꡣ
̨
˻æ
ͼ͵ĿƳĺ
ˣ ץ
Ժͷ̾ͳȥ ˺ǰü
ͼʲôҵŮǵˣ
ͼЦ
ǵˣߥޱɵݵˣ õعٸ׷£ǣ ʲô
һ仰Ѿҧгݵʡ
ͼȷɹѣ ȻֻҪܰϢͳȥʲôֵˡ
ĿȻؿͼ
û ָʹġͼ һһ˵Ҫǣ޹
ͼؿＷһ仰
㵹ǳϵøɴ࣡
ǵ
ûʲôýƱġҵĲ¼֮ģ㲻ģ ұҲδţαضѿࡣ
ʼնѲһ ˶һЩ
ֽס ݳȥϢܿͻᴫ
Ʊ Լ๶Щʱգ ЩŮ㷿 ȴ޷̿Ѷ
ͼһקס󣬲ģϽ
еŮԺӭˣﶼֻˡ
ȥʲô
һ̹Ȼص
ҴˣҸѾƳףޡ
ܣҪô͢ţҪôȥ
ʹѾµԣĴǿе֪𰸣ͼǺ޵ҧгݡ
͢һôذֵܾģֻ
Ϊ֣ͼкһ㡣
شƽԭһԸֺս
ǳ©׵Ϣô㲻ò뱱ֽĲԭ
һ˾ٱȻľ֮ġ
а·ɱĶԹĺףڱ߽粿ӡ
Ȼѡвɱ
ıȴҲ޷̤ȥ塣
ŮˣһĴͨ͸
ǣû𣿡ͼĿ絶ؽű鲼Ѫ˿ʹŭ֯һ𣬡˳㰮㣬ȴң֪֪ҪĺӼ̳֮λѺλҲ
һ˿졣
㣬治֪֪ˣҲı⡣
Ϊ˵ĳ谮Ѽҹ⸹еĺӣҲΪ˼̳ѪԼӵٽڴǧյʬ֮ϡ
ͼڿ˵ңɱҴʱҲδ㹥һǾעǵˣ
Ŀ㣬ֱͦεҲڲסǡ
ʹǴ˿̣ͼҲҫۡ
ĴϻĵطȴҲʹ޵ġ
ıѣܻܿΣ
ãһעǵˣ
ͼʹŭԷݣֻ޲ü̾ܡ
Ǳ֪ʲôԸ˵ֶΣ
Ȼûп־壬Ŀֻ֮ȴеľмǸȻص
ͼҶԲ㡣ûʲôֻһ£յϣŹҵŮ㷿ǲܣʹЩ
˵꣬óĥ÷ԼĲȥ
ͼ߸Ҳκõֻͷ
ͼֻһҪԥؽǶԼĲӡ
ѩĲϣʱӿѪǱҲڵء
ͼһʶͳ˹ȥһѶеӣһߣȻס˿ڴ
սɱ֪꣬мѪܵģһ˵ɡ
ˣҽ٣

Ȼݺݵؿ¶ʹɫ촽Ұ׵ǣ
һ֮Ҳô׾ͷŹ㣡
ǳŲҰ׵촽ЦЦص
һȥѣȴס
ңѪľºܿͻһ̲СѪͼӵԽʹ޼ˡ
Ůˣ˱Ȼĺȥ
ô׾ˣҪһʹ࣬һӺڱľ
ǣţҾôˣὫŮ㷿һȫǧУ
ر۾
־˲ٲۣӻûȫָټϻУ͸ӴʧѪоѣΣ䣬ܿʶЩģˡ
Ѿˡ
ܻܻܲʲôʱ򣬶ֻ
*
Ǽ
ԨһУָӵ˼Ӽ¡
Ԥʾ̶ȵĺɫƤü΢ߵһߣӹ۱
ֵ¿˵Ǳţռݳ̨ͼĿǰѾ׵䷽ܴףͼܺܿͻٽΣǡ
Ϣ˵ƽһס
׵䷽˵Ѳѣڵʷϣһǧǰɹ˷ˡ
˵Ҳ򵥡
ΪʼĻҩ䷽ɱʷо˺üĸĽŽʯ75%15%ľ̿10%䷽ֽҩ䱬ըõ󻯡
ʵ׼ֻҪ˵õףһʼס
û뵽ô죬ҿֵ¿˵ģƺǱһʼס
Щϳ
ڹ
ʹ˷ƳףҲӦԵİ취
ǣôܵĵִƶ£йܵڹȽҲ޷ܡ
ʱȻսƵһɿصķ
ֵ¿дĶ꾡̻һǣԼһλˡ
Ԩѵ齻һλһ˧ʡ
ʱѾָ˵ȻɫɵضԨ
ЩҪȥɳشƽԭȫи󽫾ˡ
ԨʶҪã
ʵڸϵش󣬲һλͬŹ볼ͬЭ񡣡
￤ڶºɳͳҲ˵ùȥ
볯͢ƽţǳܾ͢öһ̫¼ˡ
ϣߵһԻ˼Ҳÿõؿľ޶ġ
֪Ԩڴĳб¼ˣЩӰ
º͵ص
˲ɣ˲áȻġҪű˵۹⣬£ôеûġ
˵󣬱һЩ٩ˡ
Ԩȴֵ
ˣǱ㻹մľ뿤Ϊ͸ۡüСǰǰá
Ƭ̣ûоܾ
ԨͼΪʲͻ
Ͼµ߽мҾǵġ
ʱͨͨѶΪʣΨһЧϱ߽ؽҵİ취
Ȼɽң·Զб߽ңֱӳַûκοǣƵֶΡ
Ϊʣǳɱ͵İ취ֻίЩ߽ļˣȻ޹롣
ģֻǲ
ͯǣһչܼɡǺܿῪѧãԺͯռҵĺȥѧҲиǰ̡
ǣ
Ԩ˿
붦ǧͼΪʣ԰ġ
ٺõҲС䣬ʱĸҡ
̫ĸж뾪ϲʵڲԸһߵ¼ɵĵز
ԣһʼͰǣĹضãÿһֱ


160 
ֻһС ̸ּ֮뿪¡
ĿǰشƽԭҪıȷСطҪЭ뾴ǿѹ ҪЩ˰мලѲ飬ȷÿĶأ ֵûصƽС
ǡ
͢Ǳߣעˮߵķֹ˶ɽҡǰߣ ܲ;ܲ 򲻵ѣҲҪֶνѸ壬Էģսģ ӦԼ߶ȡʵ׼Ĵ£ Ӽվڱ
ԨӦ£ ʾ
ƽǣ ǷҪ취չ£ ȻشƽԭһֱǷɵأŻʶҪƵԭʼղ㡣
룬߳Ǽڷ붦֮䣬 Ŀǰڳ͢
ԨͶԺȻҲ޷ٳͨУ βǰ£ Ǻͣ ǴӲԭߵġƵ·̲̫࣬ ＾ûѩҲر𲻱㡣
йͷ ҪȽ֣ʵǲ볯͢¶˵ġ
Ͼ߳ǣϱ߶ɳĮλذΧ˵ǹ³ҲࡣټÿطפҲ࣬ϷʲôûᣬҪ˹شƽԭϡ
ȻԨȻĹǡ
ؽΪΣ
Ԩҡҡͷ
Ԭ֮һ֮ѣ˵פ࣬Щֻ»ᰭڳ͢ֶΡ񶦵ʿ߳ǣвټҾ춼ڳеġ
΢ʣ
ˣߵ̨Ҳ¡ԶĿǰı˵ù𣿡
ҪҪһȫ
Ȼڶ߳ǵʿҲͬмҾڳ͢Уʼǲ
Ԩ
ڼЩֻҪٳ£кܴܺʣʿƽ齵ġ
ȻԨ˵û⣬ȻҲ
ˣȴӶߵ̨֡
̨̨ضߣ볯͢ĵؽȽϽѱһʼ͢ɽصʿرռ̨ʱеʿҾͺ׳Ϊʡ
ԨԴҲϿɡ
ƽȵأȻӣаջҲҪãǰд£Ǳ߸衣
Ԩе£дһּּҪǸ뾴ģ˷أһҪЭ
ǰյֲӣἰشƽԭƹһ¡
ֲǰؿأشƽԭĵεòˮ˹εġ
֪γȻ˳ְشƽԭҲչ£æںԭ뿿ϱߵļԭƹֲȴҲǰæ̸֮ӡ
˵شƽԭȻǵشϣ붬ʱԭȵȴҪܶࡣϣ˵һֲֲһȴ´ࡣ
ֻҪ׷㹻ǿͷˮոջһġ
Ȼֻͷһ뵽֮һشƽԭĲȺԭȵظߣڵˮĶʮߣһĶոʮﵽһٶʮ֮ȫûġ
ûũҵĸǰԭȵصСĶˡ
ȻǺĶġ
ֲ˵ԸټԭؿְʱĹ˵ʱһͬƹʣҲȫ̲顣
ũ·棬䭻Ǻֲģ˿ӱȥؿ
Ҳʱ쵽ˡ
Ϊ˵û̳ǣǴˣԺ뿪
ΪشƽԭĺʳʮҪ
ũʱģ˸ֵļھͿܺܳһʱ䶼ա
شƽԭأطֻܸһȵҪջ
˿ڶ࣬ȴҪȫԭȵصʳȼǲܵġ
شƽԭ˵ȫ֮飬ûʱѭ򽥽׼
Ҫ˶ֿɵõ֣ҲǲܵġȥǺ
֮Ŀǰǣеʳô֧ŵջʱ򣬸οͬʱҪʮľӡ
ǰҲһֱڿǣ׸ôȥⲿֵʳȱڣֲ˼ʱꡣ
شƽԭϵأ˵һΪս׻ģҲ൱һֶǸŵģո֮ˮԭҪõġ
ⲿֵˮ﷢ȣڽͶٲһЩʳȻ̶ܴܺϻʳȱ⡣
ֲ˼ǳŷʱֱӰǿƹȥ
뾴ҪַؾѾæˣشƽԭصأҲȷʵҪһרŵũ¹١
Ϊһֱţڶһ£͸ϽӪаݼ䭡
ǰλ糾ͣźӣЩ⡣
ΪôҲʮˣȴû뵽ֻʮͷ
˵ǼʮһĶ׽ʿǰںδι٣
̧ͷ΢΢Ŀػ
΢ʼƽؿڹֲ֪¡
óȻ޲̬ȴЩš
䭱֪˲ǸӪġ
Ϳ˽ʿΪʮ꣬ȴû٣˹١
Ҳ֤ǱȽġȻƾһ̲Ǯ΢һҲƽ
ֲ˵ǰһͬ飬شƽԭΧƹýаθ֣
ֲʱעֲѾдôʣҪǴſУ֮⡣
֮ǰѾ֪ˣǰؿصֲټ
ڰͽϹ٣ܸأﶼʲôԸʵޱˡ
֪ȰũɣҪԣҲǳԸѧ
ϧþܸ꣬Ϊѷһ´ŭ˱£׹֮ȫҴš
ΪܸĿصĹҲ⵽˽οصĴѹ׿ֱӱĩȣΪֲ֪£ü
Ϊһ£ȷʵҪ˵ġ
ͳƶ֮ңֲԸ֣òǮТϹ٣òһʶϹ٣ȴûЯǨ˹١
ԹֻܸԹ
С˲ΪĹԱȴǾٲά衣
ҲΪˣǷԸЧʱԥͬˡ
ǴĻʳӣԭĵһλ̳ˡ
Ϊҵĳ͢ӹĻʵĪҲƳ粻ѣԷҪ˳
δλ
ˣֱеʥһ㣬ʲôɲ˳
οǴʦܸټġ
ؿҺµľӽӹؿǡ
ЩԭĹԱڸ֮Уͬ˾ǣ֪ټŵǰοسµũ²٣λͬ飬ǱʵǾʡ
ЩԭѹżˣҲȫûЩһ׷άϲǫֱ׵رʾԺ󷢴һҪЯǡ
һ̣üˡ
ʱ˿̣ȴֻʣ½š
ܸټܲǰ
ңյı֣ܿ¹ؽǰ;
Ŭƽɵص
ؿؼ㡣һոͷʱʮ絽ʮ֮䡣ڶոڶ죬ˮˮ㣬ҲҪˮˮ죬ٴιཬǰֱʩһΣϵķ׷ԽλԽߡ
Щǿ׷ʵ䷽ͬġ
ϸ˵ж೤һڶѿ룬ֿջƹʱЩ֪գǿնģԸϡ
⡣
˵ĶֲдķֺɼҲ˼¼ѧϰġ
뵽֪ڣҲЩʵµ
ܺáǱݴشĿ˾ũ֪£ȫȨֲԼũ¼ָ
пϲл䣡һȫԸ
ָԱһֱͬԨ
Ԩ󽫾شĿǾ񣬵ʱȥܷķ뾴档󽫾һӦʳٺ»ʱΪá
ƹ㣬Ҫ뾴Э
뾴ǱæøһҲΪרһˣ䭱㽫֯˻һ½Ԩ
·ּ˹٣˽ּ͵ؿأԱطٺĹ
Щ䭵ǧӱ޷ǡ
ִǺֱҲû˰ŵ˹
μ
¹ŵǸƤ΢ڣʮֽýɵĺӡ
ɡ
̬ºͣʼʻ
ǰ˵ƳףޣۼǵʹʱЧ

ؿ֮أͼУΧرأ˽ӽáҵȴԱһֱͼ˹СŮһɲýֻͷСԺΪ͹Ч
һ£ǰ͹ɺС˵ģСδ۵ü
ͼĸۡжǵСԺ븮ۡжԶ
ͷСԺŸдֵ
һ֧ݷǹԺͷʾֱƵ
ҡҡͷ
δ졣
⻰䭱ˡ
˵ͼĸۡԭĿظ֮ǵĿظһһƬ÷֣о׵ԺӣֺͷٺͷǻĵغɽʮƫƧ
ôƫƧظֻô׵㹻СףڸҲġ
ͼܽоڸڣ֤ĿǰĳƷС
СҲζ㡣
⣬Ŀǰ׵䷽Ļкܳһξ롣
䷽ʵҲһԺɷֻ֣Ҫ˹ɣҲѱڽʱﲻ䷽
ǹǷ֪䷽Ӻζ
ĵ⡣
ͼ׵ġƣҲһ֡ӳ֪͢ġ
£
ʮ⡣
ڴˣкӡġ
ԭһֱܼӵ۳谮СѣЩѧȴЩֵֹĵӡ
ԭǸܿݵˣڻЩԵãûʲôͦáҪ۸飬ȻԶԼͬĸĶ߹ġ
ˣǲǸо䷽ģܽӴ¹ľܡ
ңʱ򣬸ļ󶼱͢Ǳ߶׵䷽һ֪ġ
ȻǰƷʱҲóϲ־ǩ֮ˡ
ˣ䷽Щˡ
ѵҲһǺԽģ
ҩ䷽ʵܼ򵥡Ժ˵΢Щѧ֪ʶ֪ҩĻʡ
Сı֣ƺҲͱȽϺ
ףΪʲôǰû䷽׸ӵۣѡйӡ
ͷͷ漴Ͱһߡ
ô֪Ļҩ䷽Ǻ뷨һҲҪ
ֻҪȷµй¶˻㹻ˡ
ȻѡվһԺ㶼ǵˣУȻҪѹ۴Чȵġ
ǰ͹ǣǰûӡãССͣȻΣҪϢĿ࿴⡣
пܣ뾡ܾ


161 
ʤ߲ʸ̸
һǿƣ ҲŻú׵ĹԵøмֵøá
ǰǣͼһŭֱ֮ɱˣ Ҳ췦
ʹ󣬹Ǳߵ 䭶˼ְա
˵ڿսǰܵͼ谮ս֮ҲΪУ ЩԱǰ߳ θΪһֹ⣬ŸͳϢĻᡣ
Լˣ䭿ȷ ͼмġ
ô ͷ ްġ
ȥϢչͼ ˼Ŀǰơ
뱱ֵ ζƫߵģúĻ˵ǸԭΡ
񣬱ֲԭߣԭѵʱ Ѿռ죬ҲǶʵǿʢ Ҳ޷ŵԭ
棬 ǻެƽ ԭأ ȫռݵơ
ֵĽ ĿȷǴڸԭϵ
ǴӵԵʵ˵սĿǰĵ̡
ݺ׶ʧԺҪٶԸ֣Ѷϵͳɱӡ
ʱ򣬱ֻԴĿǳǷ˷ɻȻٷ֡
ҪǣѾ׵İ취䷢չŵʱ򣬺ܿͻвǵȵصİΣ
˫ȫĳԹڣʵչ׳󣬱ȻҪ·ġ
ûно׳ȥĵ
Ҫͱ뾡졣
һս˵ܴġ
ʵѾչκһеĵزǰһ͵Ϯȡʤҵˡ
εս¶սóֵ׼С
ݣ֮ء
ֵ̫ͻȻҪʱȥ׼
Թ⿿ҲҲסެƽС
дһţӡ䭽ױԸ
ٶ͵ެƽȥ󽫾ˡ
һ£֪֪ͨ͢Աóֵķ
ΪһԭʼĻҩûǰ޵С
ӽƺƾս޲ʤֻԼ֪׵ȱкܶࡣ
ԶʵĳǽͿĻǺӣ׾ͺͨս俪ǽ
̫ɢʱҲЧɱˡ
ֻ͵ϮսܷЧ
ԣͬףΪسǷһҪԷ͵Ϯ
֮⣬ԲĲҲ˳ԷսȻֱȥͷ
Щע䭶˽д
˵ӵңڶһźܴͻ
ͳ˧ϾڶԿֵǰߣأܲӡ
ֱⷴŸӵҪЧá
Щְ߲س鱨鼳з»ˣȫټٿһκĻҪĳᡣ
ǰգյֺ߱ĿǰǣпѾ׵ĺƷҿ£ʱֿս׼
һϣ䭾ͶذϢ
֪Ϣֵ¿󳼸ʧɫ
˶֪нգ׾׹һγѹƵ
ΪУǵľÿһս
ֶеƾȻ˴ˣǶôµһ¡
£ūʧְ֮й
»ȹ
䭰˰֣
뿤ڲԱ޹أйˣ㲻⡣
ֵ¿߹Ҳһӡ
ֵ¿ǵҪһƾеǿд̣ټشƽԭҲŸհĿܵС
߹һǱýǵİΣǣš
ֿսʱͺܵǻ᲻ܵǣ
ǰգǣ֪ԭýֹòô⡣Ƕǰ
ýΣ©ֵľܣͼô
׵ض޵ֵб֮ģҲȫûý˵ز
λýΣȴûκΰ취ȥ
ǷýôΪýһˣÿİΣעǧȥýһˡ
ΨһģֻԼıְÿÿһǮݣϺڣǰʿĴ̡
䭽˵Ļ򾪾ǵ۵ף
˵ҪԴӣȴҲعڿ־塣ҲֻըʱڣֻвΣ
֪Ǵ£ֻΣնɱѿ֮ʱôڱϹȶͬʱȫսѡ
˵˵ɫʱһ
ڶԼҿ˵û⣬˵ľͰˣ׷׿ʼ˼Լʲô
鼳һվ鱨ӪԱ
ΪĿǰҪ˱ֲԭҪشƽԭֿս鱨ӪѾˡ
䭵׼ԱҰѾǱߣռ鱨ԱҲ鱨Ӫ鼳ͳһƹܡ
֮⣬ƽ޸ĹٵԱݺ
ڣʮæµ鲻֣ܱߵĴأļǱȽеļڣкܶе֡
䭱ץʱȥصĳ٣Щϡ
ⲻҪҪǮƣ˱ú͹滮
еȣݣв㣬Ҫɹ
֮һ̻û򣬾ͿʼǮˮˡ
±ȫֽػֵսǮƳ棬ûǮֻͷɰȥǡ
Щ׼ֵ¿䭱˳ǰ»һȥ鷿
漰ҩģľܣǲڳϹ˵ģ»ղҲһ仰ûᡣ
æŶ֣ҲȥʾǱߵзȣйܣ»Ҳһ㲻ӣл㱨оȡ
鷿£䭿żɽʵ
»һǹоˣ
»ͨһڵأͷأ
ūиУҲûоȫըŵǹܡĿǰģֻܱ֤ʮβը
Ѿһˣ޷ҪĶ
ʲô޲ߣȺȺİ취þˣҲǲУѾػԼ
ǰ𱸵
ôֶ͹򣬱Ҳû㰡
ʮΣ˵޴Ρ
ǰѯʱĶʮΣѾ˼ˡ
һͻըŵǹܣǸҪʱ֧ŵĶδܶʱͻơ
ʮҲ㲻ˣι˵ϡ
»Щ⣬Ҳ
һ֧ǹôߣֻܲʮξͱϰһ̴ûǮǹ޷ƹ㡣
ǹһֻܴһˣ׼ͷҲûôߣúüʿԹû˭ܴﵽľʹĵ׼ͷ
˵Ҫﵽ׼ͷҪ൱ʱϰ
һǹֻܴʮξʹﵽȫˣǵҪٰǹѵһ֡
ɵɱޣʹۻôߣսϴģʹá
Ҳζţôʱ䣬ʹǮȴоһƷ
޷ԭԼ
ǣȴֵúܵ
ȴȥɽϿƷ
ĿǰĳƷ˵޷Ϊݷǹǹܴģƹ㣬ȴδز


162 
׼Խˣ Ψзָ
ʱٴ´կľһ۱֮ܿǰӾȻ Ҳɭϡ
ڱܹ棬»Ƿǳĵġ
ȫԸˣ ôûκδ¹ʡ
䭴תһȦк⣬ Ȼ»һͬȥǹз
ʮ̨С¯ ԱҪĹʱʹãӰ
ȥʱ˶ʮ һͬʲô ʱֽ̿ʻ̶ȣ дż¼
䭵Ҫ£ĹҲǽɨäģ רóѧ뼸εǰڡ
Щڼ¼㷽һʼʱȫͬһȼ
μ
»ǰ ̷еһء
æǵġ
ǵо»ιз
еңң רŽдĥĴĥ䣬ұұ䡣
ڴĥ棬 ˼Ľ ȻֱӿԽнŲȵʽĴĥ ϲͬĴĥ ܶԲͬھǹڲдĥ
䭵һΣ ַʽĥЧȻȫشֹĲ˿һڱڴϵ¶Ϊ⻬
ְеĶЧʲ֪ȴֹ˶ٱ
ⶫܲ˭ģ
»
зӶӳɡ
䭾Щ죬»ʾ
ǵɸҩλ
䭶ʱˣ͵
ⷶɵǸ˲šܻЧʣһʼͺб׼ʶҪйѧϰ
˵ǣūŽзӳз顣
Ц⣺
ԽԽˡٵģǸѺʵ˰ŵʵĸλϣΪҲæ
еģ»ҲЦˣ
·ģūſҪþΪЧģðԼ
ιз䭱»һǹܣװϺ顣
»æס
£ɱ飬Ǿģ鷽ͨҲˡ
ȻǶ䭵һ飬ΪըŰ¡
ãԣԱ߿š
ǹеװ鷽棬»Ѿ˿ŵĹؾͽһ֧ݷǹװˣͷ˸ǵĹ̶ܣڰһϸϸͷһװá
»˵ֻҪǣǸͿʱսǹܣʹըţ˷ףҲˡ
⵹Ǹð취ǰһЩϲ
»ǣȻûȫըŵǹܣȴǴǶ˲ٰ취
»ȴ̫⣬ʧص
ϧֻⷨʱãսϣ̵ܵع̶ǹеοҲ޷׼޷սϡ
΢΢ǣ
ǿɲһ
Ȼ˿ʼۿ顣
ݷǹһ˰ʮ˴ΣȻصһըѿ
ʿΪԶִſףˡ
쿴
Ȼ»˵޶ʮǹʵЩǹֹ֣ܶ϶ܴﵽʮΣЩĻܴﵽʮΡ
ĿǰƷʻûȫȶūԭ򡣡»һԲ
䭶ݻǱȽġ
ϾʮΣǹܵ¶Ѿﵽһǳߵĳ̶ȣ;ûκν´ʩļܴﵽˮƽѾ㲻ˡ
ǹܵоĿǰһҪ齻
䭽һͼֽݸ»ЩڴӶ»ǵ·ϳջġ
ϧһдۣĳߴ磬һƷڹ֣ܲµұ취
ǵģڡ
ǹڵʵǿھ20׵ģԳ֮ΪڣСڵľǹԭ඼ǵͬġ
ǹܼʮβըţ֤ݷǿƵòģĥҲ⻬ڱ̫ڸɵըѡ
ڹҪûôߣ̸ıڣĿھڸǿѹ֮£ʮϵȫûġ
ټӵĽ豸ӦܸһЩ
ǰ֮ǹҪǿǵǱʱºԭûȫԲΪҪԸǿȥ
Ȼѡ̱ȹԶҪ̫ʱѵ֡
֮£ܱأΧռƣпڳ˵ʱ򱻵ߣʱǰѹˣôݳǶضޱˡ
ȫԸߵǹܵзԶҪѣһЩսҲϹãǹӵ㲻̫ˡ
ڶֲ̫࣬ԶûȴɱǿԶڽֲͻ绢
»ͼֽϣǸʱʷϱȽĺĴڣѡǴԼ20ʵɢߴ磬ĸ1600ңЧ̴ԼܴﵽһǧףҲء
Ͷʯֻ߰׵̡
ͶʯֱͶףѹߣٸ죬ҲҪǿܶ౶
ʵĴЧ˵׵ǳʮģͶȥֻҵˣĶըЧ
ɺĴڣ20ڵֻҪ20ңڵȥƾߴٶÿٴĳ;һľʻ̫ʵϰײƣ˺ȻҲ⡣
غٲһıըЧ
ˣһĴڵɱһᳬһöס
ؼǣ̸ԶûлڵʱѾ㹻ԽܶǳصĻǺӣֱڻǺ͹ǽϵıˡ
ȻڳصԭǽǺ䲻ġĸȽҲܡ
ɻڹսʱͺܶļ
ɢҰսϣԵоĲҲиǿɱ
ȫٱܣһǧҲҪʱģʱĽĴڵ٣ܷʮΣÿζһٶɢѾ㹻ڽӽǰŵܴһʿˡ
ԣֺĴڣҰսǹսϣǿļӳЧ
֮ӦģҲ鷳
Ҫ׵ĳҪһǧٽϣʹóǿ򣬶ľľ򣩡
׵ʵɢΪܸƽط䣬ÿһöӵҪĥ㹻⻬ұڹܳߴƥ䣬Ҫ󹤽Ǳб׼
ͬʱڳڹܺأҲܾܣ޷ͶʯһжװڷɽԽʱѶȱȻɱǡ
»ͼֽ΢΢ü
ͷҪʵ̫Ҳ̫ˣڹ꣬췽ľ鼫ḻֻһ飬иŵĹˡ
ίѵ
£ⶫһֻҪǧˣǼĹ֮һֻҲ첻
һףǰٶ෢ʵǧöɢġ
ĿǰĲܣһ´ףʵ
»ã
ʮס
ЧʣѾʹøֻе㴿ֹˡ
һϼƣ
㹻ˡһЩװɡ
ĿǰҪ飬ڵֻķ֮һ
»˴֣̲סʵ
£ū͸׶ⶫʲôãȻķ˶ʱȥūûװ
˵ŵµжϣⶫʵ̫ˣ䭲ãﲻ̤ʵ
ΪŸˣԲЧ渺̬ȣ䭲Ϊɶ졣
ã»ԽԽһ֮ˣкǿο
ӣ˵Ĵڵ»Ͷϲˡ
ţó޴ɱ֮⣬ǡ񼣰
Цŵ
ʲô񼣣Ҫµǹѹޣ̴ﵽʮʮ
һǧ£ǰװļ̱
ѾĽĽˡ
ĺĴڣܴﵽأǵǼصĴڣ޷ƶ
ĸֲըţʵĳɺװİķ˹ڻЧá
ٽھܴﵽֻ̣Ҫٽأ̧žܵߣҲ죬׼Ȼߡ
ֻһ
»ԣдͬʱӼᶨ˾ģص
£ūŽһըŵǹܣ
΢΢ͷ
á㡣
»ǻѪظˣȥµĴˡ
ͬʱ䭵ʹҲױ͵ެƽ
󽫾ʹ
ױ󽫾˷
˷񼣬Ӹţʲô˼
ټѱ䣬üӵۺ֮ǵԨЩɣǲǴӹݺ
Ͼĳ֮͢ϣûʲô˽ºʹӽӴñŭ¼ɵˡ
Ŷ͵˼ſڣӱܲͿԽġ

Ҫλӵ׼ʲô
л˵
ںĴڵд̴ﵽʮʹĩĽȽˮƽҲyapianսвҰܸ˰ķ˹ڣԼûдôǿ
ϻһǧף׵˵ֺ̫˵㣬ԲȡǱȽеļֵǧס


163 
չţ ˷ʱʧɫ
ʧصشվ
⣡ôܣ
׵˭˲֪ףл·
˵η׹ǣ һӦֹסĿֻš
ðΣ侲
ôϸ֪ռݵĳ飿ͼԳǵķʮɭϣ ̽ӽ̽鶼
ϢǼ٣
ģƺҲпܣ ϾȥѸײڶ֮±ͥ 漴ֹռȫԼ鱨ȷʵһ
ҲǼٵġ
ӣǴӶ֮·ϵľСң ǿĺܡ
һӾأ
óȻϵݵ棬 ֽηηţ ʧսϢسУ ±ȻΪЦ
ϸоżϵݣ ҵƽ֮
˵֮ذᵽ˳⣬ڳ˵ϢȴҪ׺ܶࡣ
Ҫע⣬ Ȼ˼֮о죬£ Ǻ׷ġ
²˳٣ ˷ǰ̽ʵ
ʮ죬 ̽Ϣ˻ˣ ˵ǹȻڳһƬ˵ɽׯͷ ֵǱ߸ԶʿѲߣϽ޹˵ȿ
һж˵Ķˡ
˷ľͬʱҲȻ˺ĸԼš
漴뵽ǵެƽʧأΣΧɡ
ˣؼʱ̣취һԸ֡
¹شû̽һ¼ӵ۵ķӦ
ˣӼ͵У
*
һ󣬳ԶԺǽֱӱը壬Ժ棬Ҳըһ޴ĿӶ
յȣֱӷ˺ü
ԶԶؿţ¶ϲЦݣߵͼױ
ǿʼ䷽ȻǶԵģȥ̨
Щ뼸ʿһֱ̽׵ᴿ˺ܶ๦ȻõʺȽٵᾧͼԳƷЧȻ⡣
ֻصԭ㣬䷽
˵ԼμǵǸ䷽ʱһʿ
һľ̿Ĺ۲죬ռʱŻԽϴһ֣Īָһ
һ˵˷
ռԹˣռ߳ɵ󡣡

һָǰһأ
˸ƣʮһĳʮһ
һϼƱ㷢֣ȫǰĶģʽߵı1623ǳӽٷְ١
ɻǲ԰տھܺ;ǶʮһһӦܺͶʮź÷ֳɼġıӦʮ
һλʿԴֵ̽
һ㣬ʮıǰٷ֮ʮ塣ȷʵܱ׼䷽ʽ
漴뵽ЩǷʿģļֵأͼãʿȫǾͷǳˡ
ԣλǰĽǱȽϷ䷽ɡ
ǾζӸִԽС˵е䷽ʵû
ǸϢʱ־ѵҩ䷽ǲϹдġ
162ľ̿3
Ժĥһһ
ʣ
ȥһ˴ôôؼҪأ
Թʱᴿʵģ16ǹʵݴô
ʮʣʮ
նص
зŶӻΪģʿҲҷǰˡ
ĵõüס
ڳɹϲϲ
ļֵͼʱˣ
Ȼͼױ㱨ϢרıԺ
ըĿӶͿԺǽɫ滺ࡣ
û˴һΡ
ܰǽը壬ȴδܴ͸ףһ۲ͣһεɱˣҪиȷĴ𰸲С
ЩеԭҲ첻ʲôֵ˻ٳԵʳ
ǣ
ױ̽ȥ׼
ЩһֱѺڱԺÿֻܳһٷƤͷֽû
ͱӵ£ٴ߽֮ǰԺ
ըľ޴Ӷ뵽ɢש飬˾岻ѡ
Ѿ飬ȫЩϵҪʲô
ЩըĿӶСǶ˺öˡ
Щ˼ʹʱûը֫룬ͷҲΪƬˡ
Ūը˴ö౶ĿӶζŽиȥ
ŲԶ߸Ͷʯӣǵ־ﵽ˼¡
ôĶǶģ
˿־غ
̰οԵˡ
ۼͼµ߹ǵվλһЩ̲ס¿ͷģ
ǣǰɣ
и˼ǸŮӣһ߰ĲСŮǰ
кãͷϧŮŰôСˣ
һ˵һؿͷԴˣѪֱ
ʿ̵תͷ
Ƕѱֹܵ˭
¼״ȴغһüͷЩױ
ڸʲôŪôģϿŶվã
ʥĸ硣
ȻͶ֣Ҫᶨٶκδֳ߱ͬ顣
ֻܱЩ˽ɡ
ߣӵҪΪЩգôȥףΪЩ˳ô࣬ƾʲôúûš
ҵֳܿ챻ֱѹͼµ˶˵Զ
һöױӵȺУ֮ز֫ϱۺѪ⣬ǱȦסһٶһ붼ˡ
һЩֱˣһЩǱըˣЩƬЩ˶ҲЩơ
Ʋ⣬һöףɱʮˣ
ԶĲ״ŸղôԶҲܸоĴ΢ͼЦ
ףףضɽҡ߸ɽӣ
㲻ս
һ̣·𿴵ԼԭɽȻǿ⼫ˡ
ˣҲǰȥ
̨λʼǸ䷽ǰڴ￴䷽ûֻһʼЩ
ͼױҲ廰㱨
ͼ΢Щؿһۣû뵽ǰ䷽ȷġ
ûѣ䷽ӦͬһԴȫٵԼȻв࣬װǰˡ
òɻпģ
ǰδеº͡
¸ҪϲҪ͸ΰ΢侲Щ
ҡ￴˲飬һʱҲδ
ͼЩµӣ˼Ȼ°͵
벻벻ɣԺʱΪºͣռެƽ죬򸸺ּΪϡҪԹԵģ£𣿡
¶ʱϲ
ΪĹͳ׽ٽ͸ˣվȽŸˣ
ұ֤һ£Ժһᾡȫ㣡
ͼ˰ͬԴŮūһ٬ȴǷ
ǣĵĶҪҲǷɡ
ظУźšԸ
䷽Ѿȷ㲻йܣµٱϸơ
һ£ԽʿҪʱʱڡ
صУͼȴû£ȥ˸еĵΡ
谵ʪкܶɢŵζ
ߵһη⣬˴ţ˽ȥ
Ůżˣľ崲ϵǣȴĿ޲ûһ
ĿĴɣװҲװˣ
ͼ⸱ģŸմԵȻ廹ʮȴҲȻ̲סеĺ⡣
һϢƳˣЧ˿ĲԸĴҪˣ
𾪽Цһ
㲻ǲԸñ̤ԭ˵Ľɽ𣿿ɱƫҪţűһͳԭ
óĿⶢؿڲסг켫ˡ
֪һһʹˡ
ΪЩŮ㷿ǣúûš
ֻţǲܻ
ҪһʹޣȴʲôҲˡ
*
ͼģ׵ͬʱ˷Ҳ˾ǡ
Ӽľ飬Ǳһʱ͵ӵ۸ǰģ´˿ǳҲһ
Ϊ飬Ҳ̨ȹĿӱֱ͵˳ϡ
£󽫾Ӽ飡
ӼȻб䣬ӵ˰ӳ


164 
ϵݣ ӵĿѡ
˷˵ֺѾ׵ƷĿǰģס
ؼǣõ鱨 ΪԷṩ䷽зģǰȥ׵
£ ӼӣΪ˷ôѡ
֪Ǵ֪䷽Ůм˼С ǻڳԺϣ δĥ׵䷽
˵ֿʼо׵ʱһȥ־Ͱ䷽˶Է˵ھǵʱ򣬾Ѿ֪׵䷽ˣ
ǿף ҵףף
Ů ȻôҪĶй
ӵֻڵѪ Ѫһһɵźͷӿؿʹѡ
Ȼ𵱳Ϊ²ڻϺ ײ صú㱨ڰô󳳴֣Ҫ˶ڡ
ʱѾ֪׵䷽ˣ ֻΪһֱ
ʱֱȣ  ЩǶס Ȳǩųĳ֮ˣ 谮ʮŮ оȹֶΣȴΪһγͷͻĹⲻ˵
ͶйֶһԶҡǿУ
뵽ƾ״ٽԭĺӵͷǹѪȻ
ˡͶļˣҲТ壡ѳܣ
Ѫķһ㴭Ϣţȴƿڴš
ؿڣԴȴиҶһ㣬ӿ졣
ʵ谮Ůģȴѵúԥ䭶治ĴҪ
жϲŮжޡ
ֻ̽ŮǧУ
س֪ʲô£ֻӵۿӾѪﻹżˣҡҡ׹
£
Ͻȥ
ҽ촫ҽ
Ǽӵ۵֮ǰ
ٴѾպˡ
ﾲĵģ·ûκһһ㡣
ӵֳΪзϵ֮Ѿϰ֣ȴ֪Ϊʲôθ
£ˣ
һ㾪Աչ
ûлʺ󣬹ֱȽϵ͵ܳͷһݵĴڡ
ӵڳϻ赹˵Ҫ̼Ҳ˸
ӵƹˤ󣬱ֳļʢ裬벻ġ
£оôˣȵˮ
һֱˮĲ豭չС
ӵӿһ
úŮ
һֱ£˰ǵŮ
һ֣еĲ豭ڵء
¡
˵ؿ
һֱΪʱ̵ᰲǼӵϲġ
ӵ۶Щ䵭ڳϻ赹㲻һҪտ
֪һ۾ͿΪչ˫һ飬ȴôҲû뵽˶Դ
ѵ»赹ǰй
֪дʲôȴܵظоΣա
ʲô˱£ǲʲôˡҺ¡
ܾͬСһ㿴ȫ¶дҪ
ĴãÿȴȻЧ
һΣӵȴûֻԹԵشӴҪʻ
ǣľ顣֪ԼεˣκƽǷ񿴵ϵݣûԽȨ´
ȻҽŸղڵϣȴܿƵǰԵˤ˸ࡣ
£
ĹŮ̫඼ŵҪȥ

ӵΪԼʱľ̬ЩϹҲס׼Լվ
Ȼ΢һ͸о˲ԾȣӦ˵ұߵ嶼ò
ߵİֱۣ
˺üΣ
ľ֣Ͻǰȥ̫״ҲŸҸȥ˺Ѽӵ۷˴ϡ
ҽ
ӵи²⣬ȴţԸܡ
ҽǰ˵ģʮעзһΣͺ̱ܿܰȫֱ̱ӳΪˡ
ҽ⣬ԸϽܽӵ۶ݺݵض
˵ʵ޵ǲҲˣ
ҽŵöɸϽͷ΢ܣ
ʯأӵֻݡ
һַֻ˾Ѿв裬Ӷ̱ˣ˺죡
Դ׼׼ǰ
¡
Ȼӵȴһ̣ĿضĿǰδеı䣬Ũҵĺ⡣
ŵԭء
ӵۼʧɫģȴһ㶼ϧ
˿ֻĵķŭʹޡ
Ĵ
Ϊ˲Ǽ˺ףһʼͲں£һ˳Ĵӳǣԡ
Ϊĸ˵İΣҲܷ䭵ڱз硣
¾зˣŮûͶ֮£Ҳٴз磬䵽̱ĵز
ߵһȫŮ˶
̱Ϊˣĸȴɺö˶˵ģβޡ
ӵץֱߵĲ豭ȥ
ˣ
񿴵һ㡣

һҵͷѪ
ӵȴȲޣҧ
ˣ乬ӴݶһзţΪˣ
ӾлعȻڼӵǰ滨ص
£檲֪ʲô˶ŭô檣檶ԽܡӲã檼ʵڲģóŮչ
Ȼ˿Ѫݿɲճ̬οӵ۴ʱֻı塣
𣿻ȥ
Ů̫Ųٹ˼ݣס˳ȥ
*
££²ˣ
߻ӵĸ̫УŵصиմϢ´乬Ϊˣ
߻ӾĿȫάֲסģһץסС̫죺
˵ĸôᱻΪˣ˭µּ
ĸ̫
µּ
Ѿˣŵʡ
ǡ
߻Դӵ֪ӵڳϻ赹Ϣ󣬾һֱ̻̲
ſ꣬ʮǳ¸ʽ갵һЩֳ֣ȣҲɷǳС
ûиʵķֲܶùǼƻֳ
ǶΪƫһʳ£ǵκһλ¶к³
֮Уû˭ϣƽ¡
ȻôҲû뵽ĵһ£ǽĸΪˡ
ûеƵңΨһģǸʶĸĳ谮
׷ʲôˣȥ
̫ǳ
ĸ̫Ͻ뿪ûãȴ˻ɫǲ
Ӵߵôˣһɥ֮Ȯһ
ӴһڵشԺ볰߻ӸǸס
߻Ŀؿ
磬ǿҵĸۡǲװɣͲҸ߸ʣ
λĸǹֵƣǰûٰආʹ֪ʶƫҲϲͷġ
ɺ޵ǣ˰裬ʾҲͷڳϱֵöӡ
֪ξЦ۸ģΨһģҲֻиʡ
ȻȴʲôЦһ㣬ص
ȥ氡ڸʻ㣡
ֻѹ
㲻֪ΪʲôĸҸѽ
Ҳ߻ԸԸֱӾ͵
Ϊҵ游˵һ¡Ǹý㰡׵䷽׸֣ףʾǱεģ
Ҳţ
߻Ծõһ簤ػ
ģһ뷭ˡ
һٵ׽㣬¸ƫҲȺǻнֲλ
ġ
ɳԭ벻κɣøŭԴĸ
ܴģ⼫ˣֻص
ѽǸ㣬Ǹˣ
߻˼ûκλӦӺܲ⣬ֱ̧žͰ߻߷ڵأӸµؿص
ֱĳ棬͸һڵΣ
˵꣬ʹ̴ﳤȥ
ԺӻأеʱԻСӡ
߻ڵϴ˰Σգȴû䡣
¿ʼΪԼһڸʵİ£˳µسΪλ̳ˣԲֵǰֺ̡
Ϊ֪ϻλеǰ취һЩ衣
ڸʶĸĳ谮¶Ժ󣬱ֳԣΣյͬʱʵЩġ
Щ˶˰ɣǶֻĵʯѡ
ǵȻ׵ģǿǶôʹȴ޿ΰ
ΪһֱȥֳǼɵּʵĿУԼչԽԽǿȻˮɵصϻλ
ôҲû뵽õǰ;Ȼ޴Ľһ
һ̣¼ֱ衣
㣬Сûʲô£ֻĸǰ
ôȥ
߻ӰγذףƵͱ棬ͱ±ˡ
йһͨŬѹԼеĿֻţΪԼ·
ܾطΪ̬ԺЩֳλᱻĥͷʣ
Ҫȥʣ
֪ʱļӵۣԼ޵һҹǿԼƫ̱ʵҲΪαסԼĻλ龫ǡ


165 
ӵ۸˳ʣ ֪κƽ˲δΪƫ̱Ŵ˷ϵϢҲȫûɢ
־ʱ㰲˲١
 ֪ƫ̱ڳҲսȨʶࡣ
ô ҪסԼĻλҪ㻹ڽⲿв
ھг֮ǰ뵽һð취 ֱǬٶϣ ؽڰٹмǿԼš
ĵ˱䭣شƽԭѾƽԭ뾩ǹв
ףһ· 赲 ϵ̬΢һ㣬 Աֻ¶޲ӵΪµۡ
ߵһ
Ѿʧȥ˽ǣ ʧȥԼĻλ
õİ취 ֹֻҧ
ǶףƾУܾˡҪܳûõ׵䷽ȻƾŵشﲩԶǶı ȫ𣬾͸ˡ
ֻǣ ߶Ǻģ 뵽飬 Ҳ뵽 Ը
ֻ߶ ֱ̲˴
£߻
ͷ̫
ӵԶʱüͷһš
ʲô޷Ǳ˵ĸϵϢǰˡ
⻼ûнйӦľ
Ҫܾ̫
߻˵Ϊǵġ
⻰üӵۺܲ졣ȫû뵽߻ӻĽ
ӵ۶ԼĶӣмֵġ˶鷳ȴ͵³ͣӲ¡
˽ǵʱ̣Ҳֻ뵽Ϊǡ
ɡ
߻ӵõ٣ĲһЩ
ĸ˵䣬ϲı˶
ֻʲôһϲŭΪҪܵõϧӡ
ʿڴʱζԼһ߶ˡ
ǰиԼֻҪӮõģһжҪ
ûңĸҲѾ£ʧȥʵĳ谮
μʣ
߻Ľеؿӵۣۿƽŵˡ
漴
ʣûʲôҪ˴ˣ÷ͷɱɱԺ򲻿Ϊκ˼
ӵ۲ü
㲻Ϊĸ飿
߻ɫ֣ص
Ѿ֪˸ηŭ㷸´ĸӦ֮𣬲Ȼ佻ĸ֪ʵѴٻ֣̿Ҳϣ顣
˵ţӵۿ˸ͷ
븸ʽҲΪˡһƽϢسŭ𣬶Ҳɽĸ米ļȫȫΪЧͬС
ӵв
߻ӵ飬
ΪڹʱǵĻóвµĸӵƫеͷӻĻӱġ
Ҫֱӷϵ߻ӣΪ˴λȻȫȫΪЧ
һ͵ڱұһ㣬ܲġ
Ȩ⣬û뵽ʮĶӣȻ˵Ļ
ΪΪ⸸
ӵ΢۾ɫƵ۵ϣֻһƬϿҡ
ãʣǱֻίˡкԺּ
˵˳һ㡣
һǱһнˡ
߻еȭͷȴԹ޻ڵӡ
ίСĸ͸˵ΪʷǣǱҲԡֻƵʲôҲˣΪЩʲôܸˡ
⻰ӵһ
ĸ飬ڴĸɵðͷ¼ռһϯ֮ء
ίȴһ˿Թԣپãÿȥһżһů
ԭǵĺӣΪһС
߻˵֪
ȷﲻʲôȴƵΨһȫȫⶼˡ
²µ⣬ǵĶӽ̵úܺá
Լ䣬ǰɼʹˣҲ˿ûԹֻ塣ǰΪŮչ
ӵӿΡ
ۼ߻һĽؿ׼ˣӵæס
վסĸѾ˼㣬ҷģ
߻дϲ֮ضӮˡ
ذסеϲãԾһԹ޻ڵģ
ֻҪʰϲ֣ںԼǻӻˡ
ȷӶԼʵТģӵοǰ
ʶޣȷʵҪίĸһӣ޴Щͺˡȥĸúðο
߻Ӿһ⣬Ѿ󳹴򡣵ʶĸϧƫԶԶģҪԸʸá
Ȼ´飬ĸֻ»ᱻʺԥ
ʣֵս£ʵһЩǳĽ飬֪ܷΪʽҾṩЩ˼·
ӵ۴ʱΪ½ͷöȴûи顣
߻˵¶ĽûбʲôϣȴҲ̲ס
˵
߻٩٩̸
ΪƾֵĹؼڽȫ֮ȥԸ֣ܾˣ֮
⵹ӵǰ뷨ıϣʶ׷ʵ
ΪβܽǶ
ެƽø֣ǵȷ䭵ΧֱֽЩֽţ
޷ٷְٱ֤һܳɹҡ
ȫռݸߵԺķر˵ԶƫϲĴƬ֮֡
ʱٲԹڰ볯иҲý
߻ӵ
Ϊһ֡
󽫾ظ죬פެƽͲǴ
ӵһ룬䭴ǷȥެƽҪ߰أפެƽǵڽ;߰漰Ŀȫá
ס
˵ԼĹǡ
߻ȴ
ʣ᲻úײǡоϷಫ
ֻҪǴķʤǶ
ӵϸ˵ȷʵе
֮ǰ߽սȻܾˡ
ӮˣѾ˸ԭȻҪһֵġôʱƣҲòô
ˣԶشƽԭƿرȻ۽
Ӯˣһۣĸ󻼣ĥʵ붫Ҳ
ң򱱾ҲռŸߵصһҪֺʱж
۷棬ȥפެƽҲȽøҪý
Ǵķ濴
㣬ӵۿ߻ӵĿ˼ã
ûʶΪ޷ǵģ
˿߻ǰδе⡣ӹȻʱ
߻Ҳŷϲã֪ӴԺڸеĵλһˡ
ˣǳ׻λ޴ǴΣ
ˣֵҲңνһٶá
ڰ͸ֵЩߣϵڱǸӣûǸԡ
л˵
䭣˼ڱʲôڱԵˡ


166 
ɽڡ
εڣ ȫ̼ලģÿһÿһöڵ ߴ綼뾫ȷһڡ
ڵϣ ԲܱͲСȻսϣ޷װ ӰսЧʡ
Ϊˣ Ǹӻķһ˲ٰ취ٳ̵ı׼ Чʡ
;̽ ʱ£ Ļ£ǰ䭶µĵҩȫϡ
ڼ䣬 䭻˳˻еӪӪָʹԪ뼸Բʿ ڷڵ֪ʶ
ȣ䭱̧Щڵǰѡõĳڡ
һǧʮʿ̧ڵҲ˺üʮˡ
Ԫǰúڼ װûҩڵֵԺ˽Ƕȣ ܵ߱棺
 һ׼
ǰһ ˵˰ȫ֮⡣
䣡
һ£ ʿȫװ ڸ߰Զĵط˵װá
룬ʹըţҲڶԲʿӰ졣
ߵȼֻʵĵżĺХȥԼǿĳֱӻһгʮ׵ٸزըٴκܱߵʮٸըһƬƬ
ǰڵ˶ʱһ
ˣȻܴôԶ
Ȼ˵ڵЧңۿ˾ޱ𺳡
Ǿʹδ˵κһôԶĵطˡ
䭼ڵ˳䣬⡣
ڵΪѹߣɱ˼ȷʵԸһЩ
ΪڵƣڲֻװҩܼƬӳɱرըףֲϵĶ̰壬Ѿʱľǳء
ȻڵĻҩըҩɱػǿЩ
ʱĻըҩЩѶȡըҩҪҪⶫȶԲĽͨ·ϵߵģ˵ֱȰԼ˸ըһƬ
ʵĵķ䣬ҪﵽɱڷǶȵҪܸߣֵܿķӦ
Ǳڼ˵ʱڣݳĵ˵ͣǶȣԱڵĳĵˡ
䭿ɲԺܵͣãǰ˴ϻڸоˤ̤߱Լ䱬ըʱľ죬ƥܾƻԷоٶȡ
Ҫֱ˵»Ҫָɢ
ɢ
Ԫִɢȥװһڡ
һɢһǦмǧš
һ£䣬ֻصһ죬ľ׮ż˺Щ
ʵĵЧȷʵúԶ
ʿǰ쿴Щżľ׮˻ʵ
ɢĴ͸ƺƬ
䭽ӹ£ȷʵ˵Ⲣ⡣
»һԿ󣬽
£ҪЩǦĳƬ
䭰˰֣
Ǧ㹻ˡ»ʱ򲢲Ǵ͸ԽǿЧԽá˵岢Ǧܼʱȡ崴֮ͬĴС
ִ˵Ǹ׸ȾûпصʱĴȾҲЧɱзĺð취
»ʿƽʱ˵ʿǸע˺˿ϴġǾ˺Զӡ
ⶫǦ˵ᴩ˵׶ɹᴩˣȴСֶ࣬һݵúɲȡ
ҪȡƱص⣬˿ںòҲ·һȡ·һ
ǶԲԵġ
ǸнʱӵУʹ֮»϶׹òŵȵԺˣ͵ñ
˻Ȼ򣬹Ȼȫ
̬Ҳ˽ͣ
ΪβüƬ״Բε룬ըôġ
»һ͸ʱˡ
Ƭ״ȻᴩȸǿĿھôһú׿ͷʱɲֱըô
㲻סǲ״ҲڷлͲڲò⻬Ҫ˶þͺ׿סҩսըš
ʵһʱڼ䲻ϵظװﻻˮΪȫλ£ٶöʵɢȻûзըš
»ϲ
£⽵װÿЧ
ôʮξͻǳɱͻȽˡ
ɫƽ
˸ڵҪЩļ޷
ȴڹ滮ţҪЧ£սϵڱǾͱʱЯܶˮС䱸ĺԱи
ǡ
»ӦЩԶ빥гϲᡣ
ȱһ޷ԼãЩһ죬㸶Ѫ͸ĺһ
Щӣʤȴǧܸ´ｭɽ
£棬ȴûȡء
룬ڲǴģкĴڱ㲻ˡ
ʢһŰɣʢһŶ̾ڡ
Ըսֹս̫ƽʢ
»ֺ⣺
ʢֿ硣
ʿҲ׷׵
ʢһţǿʢĲȷʵУ
ʢһŶ̾ڣûҵʲôҪĽ⣬䭻صɽ¹ʼ
ʱ䲻ˣǱ߻ܿҪõǡ
£ҪٲģԪ˻صɽ£ʼѡѵڱ
ȻһʼֻһɽиҪһСһȴǲʵġ
ѵտʼû죬䭾ͽӵܳϢ
ˣ˵ʥּ
۾Ųϵڱǣνʥּ̫⣬ʵ
ʥּô˵
æѵڱȻǲֵؿǵģǵҪʲôּ⣬ֱӸܳǡ
ֵ¿ⷽĳߴüã˴ʱȿʥּˡ
˴Ҳܻش䭵⣺
˵ÿ±ǰȥެƽԿ֡
䭺⣬Цŵ
ϡ档
ּ󳼿ɻǣ

ڵġ˾˿ء
΢һµȷʵֵһ˳
ѵһ½Ԫ䭱̴ױϻ˳
һ䭱ټ˴ּ󳼡
֮ǰûĹá뾩֮ǰ˻ڵط
μڴҲһˡ
μ
˿ʮ꣬ŰֺЩ΢Ȼòһȴо˸һ䭱㹧˸˿ûΪ䭶ԴּĲá
ֲЦˣҲº͵ؽ
󣬱ϲĽ䭣
΢ĽӢѾãαҪ˴ּǷ˾ţ֮ȡһ˲¡üȻǷ˫
һԵֵ¿һۣЦʵ
˼ּˣ
ĵصȻȹΣѣЩ˶밲ءǶûгôĳϣҲֻг
˵һͨĻû䭴һƷ˵Ӣۣϣһ¡
ʾ֮ǳԣҲûоܾ
һЩеΣҲ֪޲޲
У䭵֪˼ӵΪ˷ͳϢз磬Ѿǰƫ̱Ҳּ֪Ǽӵֱڳģȫһڡ
˵һյĻüƺʾã˵ʱеĻϲ֮ʵ
뿪תͷֵ¿
ô֮١
ֵ¿ۺ룬ż
ʹС˶ѣǿб䣬Ͻעͷء
ȻǺƲ˵ġ
һתֵ
ڳԱµ岢ֹ۰µҪշأҲʾáЩΥҲ˵ġ
䭵˵ͷͬĻ
ֵ¿ֵ
Ǳ´˾٣Բ⣬ǲòެƽɲýӡ
˵Щŭ
Ǵụ́ެƽ;ΪõԼһһͽˣ˶ɵӣ˶˾ҪԸȥҧ
߷߲ƽӣȾЦ⣺
ެƽ;أӲҪ򣬻÷Ѳٹ͵ˣܲҪ
ܺƽ¸Ĵǲܾġ
ϾǸũΪᡣµĸˮƽ˵Ĺԭϸʺϸ֣Ϊ¸ʵʳߡ
ǰĿʵǸ죬˳ֱӸ칥֣ȡͥؼʡ
Լӵ磬Ϊûô˳ҪȵȫסִʱŻɿڡ
ȴû뵽ô磬ެƽ߿صͨȨ֮ϲ
˵лбʲôƣʢһȫ󣬱㶼޷в
ֵ¿Щͬ
£
гص
ֻҪںãҲܽ顣ǿʵǰһıƶֽġ
ֵ¿ǽ䭱
һͬȥ½ڱӪ
ֵܴĶһɱףֵ¿Ŀࡣ
ʱһ糤һǿ
ʢһţЩˣ
ͷϵĽɢźЦúǼթ
ֵֻ֪Ǻܾϲ
䭼ˣҲЦˡû뵽ƽȴҲ˵֮ʱ
Цֵ
͢ǰȥߵæ·;ɵץˡ
Ҫ׺ʢһţûƽĵ·ɲС
ֵ¿ԣ΢΢ü
ּó٣׷ǲپ񻹵ǰެƽĵ·
ǰ޵Ǵǰ·Ҫȥެƽɲǵô
û뵽ȴ
Ȱ·꣬ɴȥߵأߵĸǰެƽϷ·ͷޡ
ֵ¿Сͷȵصɴ۾ǵһʶһ
һɲ൱ڰѴϵȫԲô
ҪǰĿأҪǰެƽĿأüϸͨȨ
ʨӴ󿪿ڰ
ܴӦô
־ڱصã
ȣӦҲôӦ
¶Ҫҧһ׼


167 
䭵Ҫ ѸͨӼվݵ˾ǡ
ӵۿӣһ˲ֻѪӿ
ǳû٣
İŭ
̨κƽ⣬״æѵ
£ Ҫ
ӵ뵽ԼѾƫ̱壬Ӳɻѹȥ ŬƽľȻɫص
䳯ҰЩͿ˵ô ǣ ǿ̰޳ܵ
κƽȽǣԸϽȰ
£Ѹٳ ʱ㲻κμŭ¡
ӵԣ ֱֻñˣ 䭳һС
ƫҲף ҪԸ֣ ֻͬ׵
ľ뱱ֽսʱѾ࣬ģ֮ľˡ
һԵ߻Ӵŵӵ
ʿɷúӣ
Ͼģø𵽵ף Ȼ;ΪʲôûܴĿģԵ²ˡ
ӵ۵˵ͷ ߻Ӵӣ 㿴дݡ
ȱʾˣ Կƥ ǺԸʾǰִģ ڳּ֮͢ǰѾ׼ƽ·Աо;衣
׼Ǵ;ǰ졣
ʱȣ·ֱެƽֻսɸ޹ʿ£޴İԼڱ߽ԡѪսʿȴߵأӸȥެƽ
ȻֻȨ֮ƣȥެƽ·Ҳ޵ģϾлǲ㣬ֱǰެƽЧʸߡ
֮ǧﶼһ˼ϵļȫҪˡ
ؼǻȻ·𲻴Ӧ󣬱ǲѱ߽ʿһ㣬ӶҪռȫ޳ܼˣ
ѹָʻô
ǰЩ̨̨߱ؾѱ䣬ǹȻ˳ˡ
ôȥǺͶ֮߳Ҳס
λ֣Ѵչˡ߻ӣʱҲоĲ
ػǼƽЩʱ
߻ѸٺϼһȻǰԼӵ۵
ʣСҴıֻҪܴĿģЩ綼ջء
ӵ۰⻰ȥˣҧ
ã޾͹
а¾ģȽ֣ҪΪյĿ
ӱ𣬼ӵ۰䭵Ҫ󣬸·ϵĸԼƹ˷ȥʥּ
Ϊ˰˷ӵۻרдţ֪˾ٵ⣬ɵֳʱ
*
˷յӵ۵ּż˵ЩԸެƽãȨ֮ȴҲĬ˼ӵ۵˼
Ԩ򱱾ǰ֮ͬ⣬ֻʮԨ򱱾һĵøɸɾ
ûʲôȱʵҪ
ӵ۵ּŵûã
󽫾춫ǧֳּ˵ǰӹެƽҪǴ򿪳ţͨС
˷еĲ豭õ˰ϣ
ʲôô죡
תһ룬ȻͿʼǰĹٵһ·һ·ҲǺ¡
ֻǣôͱٸ£δ̫
ôƶһӦô
ңǧסެƽԴÿ԰
ȻԴúԸͷԸѵǰ׻⼸ʮꡣ
ϸֳ⣬Ȼ
ˣǱǵ飬ûֱͨެƽǵҲ׼ͽڵط
˵ͽֵʱ˷̡
ǣ
Ҫƾǧסެƽ
ܲסԴ˴ָ˽
*
ʱĳǣҲȫս
̨߱ʵʾެƽ
ͼԣʱüͷ
ǰ׵Ϣ©˸ţԼ˫ַƾ´еռݶٿأԡ
ԭʱ䣬˳ǣƴû뵽βֱӻ֣
Ρ
Ŀ˵̬ȣɰͼòᡣ
˵һߵĹٵ֪λѪǱضҪֺΪˡ
ǰΣգʵ۶ɱǰȥȾָ
Ҫϸߵȹһء
ݼ̣ǳظߴҲѹ¡
Լʹ֪ҪҲżԸ԰ǣƴ
񣬴ʵʥּһ£֣ķ֡
ͼĸԵ
̨²˳٣ҲϽ֮ǰެƽ֣ʮþȣ
ͼΣȴǰ׵ĹѲӡ
յĻź˿ʼװˡҪãȻҪȥɹġ
Ȼװ˲⡣
ôҲĵȴ˺ܶ죬ܹ߰ٶ
ͼɫǸķʿæ
̨ϢŭҵȲģʵⶫҪ㹻Ҫҩ첻
˵ţִȥ˰ʯһ򣬷˲ܵõһֵʯᾧҪЩᾧɷĩ˵Ļҩ
ʲô취ﲻһǧöͷ
ǷʿΡΡҪ֡
ͼݺݵصһۣԸ
֣ҪټӶ٣
ǣͼ˲ƵĴۣϣպճһǧöס
ͼһ£ʿǱװװ
һǧöףװٳ
ⳤĳӣͼ־
֣һҪެƽռެƽĻᣡ
ڣϵެƽ£
ǣ
ެƽٶͼȫ°Ķ飬ÿһٶȸެƽ
ӲóҰսļسȫڴǰ½Ľսбִռ죬һ·Ҳ㳩ͨ裬ֱӾ͵˳⡣
˷Ҳܸɴ࣬˿ֱӹҪҲÿиӲͷ
ѾףҲ˾ǱߴʽͶʯͼֽԶʤһͶʯ
ߵĻǺǽǷͳͶʯ衣
ǵͶʯ̴ͶǱʯܶףûֹ̫ỤǺӣֱӺըǵĳ¥
*
齫ִˣѾʼͶʯǲҪ׹ǣ
һʿæԱߵ㱨
µ鱨Ӫ鼳
֮ͷΪһ㽫ϤߵĵΣӦҲǿ
£ǽʱ䣬ѾӸ쵽ެƽǣެƽǵķ
㱨Ϣ鼳ֲ˷Ҫǧʿ
鼳ԶִͶʯʽ֪Ǵ׹ˡ
ǴʿţǰسǵʿҲܽš
⻤ǺӵĿȣɵס׵̰
Ǹ·ϵüδ׿ֻаҪεִصǲǰ
ɨ˵ɫ鼳
ҲҪ£һжڿԤ֮УֻҪƻжǱһӮڣȫ壡
ЩʿƽѵأЩûף鼳ĻڶԿģл侲˲٣Ѹжԭƻȫ¥ϵ֮С
鼳ų¥ϵʮеӪʿʾ⣬֣ص
һоͽˡ
еӪɳʿȻ٣ȴǾҲ֪ƻģʱңԳŵ
ģԣҵһһʱо׼
ͼ֪سǵѾµˣҪ¥ϵĴǽ˧̨ڴƫвλá
̨һ׼
ǰͷ㱨
׼ȻָͶʯס
ͼԶǸߴĳ¥¶̵Цݡ
ܿ죬ͽЩʿΪ׵ζ
䣡
һ
ǰʮͶʯ̾ų¥ķͶס
ֻһɫХ¥˲ש鱻ը˾޴ıը
˼ףͼŽֲԾôȥըǲ̫СЩƻҲԶ֮ǰʱȥשʯƬƺе١
ǰͶʯģԭͶʯģûѵ̫˽׵
ͼɻУˢˢͶȥü֡
ǰͷ۲ĳԾܹ
̨̫԰¥ûˣ񶼵ȥˡ
ͼרЩԲ˵塣
Ȼ帽һ屻ըһ嶼
ͼԽԽԾ
ͣͶȫͣ£
ͣ£ʱҲѾͶȥһٶöˡ
ȫͣ£ͼоʲôԾʱ򣬶ԷıݺͷͻȻðͶʯ׼·ִ
еӪʿ¶ЦݣϾɡ
ǲ˰ǿɾֵˣ
ȻһжڿԤС
ǿ˵ĵһǾͰյһˡ
䣡
ӳһ£Ͷʯȼ׺Хųǳ·ִͶȥ
ִŻǺӣͶףͿҵǰܸ¥
䭵ĻеӪӣͶ߰ҪԶһס
Щףʱӵ·ִƫǰλá
ըף˲ҽ
ܾƥһеǰȥǰ沿ֵʿ˻ҡ
̨𡭡ףף
Ҽˡ
ڴʱ滺һ˻ɫ죬һݣͼλãҲһ
ģ
̨سǵˣ˾ֵغ
ʿجΡףҲɺܵĺսجγ棬
ͼҲĿѣ
ôܣôô͵ִެƽ
۴һ·ߣô̵ʱڣŴϵެƽ
سǵʿûиǷӦʱ䣬һһ׳ϵͶǰ
ըѪ⣬Լܾƥǰʿǰ̤кܶ˻Ų·ǰܣֱӵĻǺ
ԥһ˲䣬ִʧ˲֡
ͼҲоսģ֪ڶԷسǵʱ򹥳ս
ۼԷвôȥܱϽ

ڶʿϽˣ̣˱ȫһɶֱܳʮԶ
¥ϵĳƥһŵ£Ȼȥ̽ûú¥Ϻ
оٳʮԶ
鼳ϲ
ŷŵţǰȥ
ղִǰͷͺͶ׵ʿͷִ˵ʱǰʿܻңûע⵽ǰͷ˰ˣ˸ľˣɲʣ˺öûô
˵ԣĲô̫׷·ٶȡ
͸׼ˣ
л˵
ͼò
ò±Ѿллˡ


168 
鼳˴ӳܳ һ˷һ˰ˣһӣ Ͱִµȫˡ
֮⣬˶Էı ףըƥս
Сͷջס
ûȥһ㣬 а˰ʮö Ǵסװ
Щף϶¶ϲЦݡ
ѹֻֿǴôף ԭ˸ֱ͵ſڣⲻۻǮ죬 ˵Ĺʡˣ
񣡡
֪ĻеӪʿҲ
ǰ ǰǺ齫йȥרŽġ
˵ ǵެƽǣ ֱӾݳǶأȲҪԼҵġ
ʱͼȻ׹ǣʱȲҪ϶¥ϵ壬 ۲Է׵ıըЧ
ԷСкܶڣ ǱɻеӪܼԷǰ ֻţ ȶԷ
оˣ սɶԷף á
ǶԷױըԼĲֱ࣬׼Էڷ׵ĵطйõ˲ٵǵס
ûףԷܻͣǣֻʹôͳֶιǣǼǧ˾ݳǶأҲԼֵӵ
񣬺ǵһ
ִ֪Ҫôףɲǿ
鼳ûϲɫҲͬѹϲ⣺
ˣϲȥ
ױȥ
鼳ԴһٸŵʿǴЩӵס
ԸҪķĩȫȺװȥ
ʹǰҲҪעⳤ
ûã¥ʿʾ
¥ϻнٸأҪҪҲһ
鼳
ȲҪʱ˵
˵ˣ׺ҲпͻȻըģҪʱȥŰȫ
׵ʿ⻰Щֻص
ѽ˵ףһΪأǵĲԶˣôף
ɲǣѧ˾ûѧ裬׻ôǮͲˣ
ҪúýѵһЩ͵
䭲ûжԾ׵Ϣ
ԴΪʦɣֵȡ䷽ͼԴȾָԿİʿǵȫв
ΪǺò׽ļҵǱٶȽвøѡ
ʿͲǰһη֮绢
Ѹٽ֣Ǽģĺ٣ѪҪȥѵӡ
ȻǧǲﻹЩµġ
ϾоüǧԷôףô
ɾһۣҲȫˡ
һжڿԤ֮СֻҪͰжһܼصǰ
æʿ۳Ǻشִܶף˶ɵˡ
ӵĶô
ԼǧˣûþȻĶˣ
ִѹŴмΪֲǣΪƾڽˣҶҪ֮أ˭֪һ̴һ˶ûǸùըıмʿƤˡ
ô˵˭ţˣ
µıˣ
񾭣սʤоĳ˷
Ŵ¶ǱߴŨ㣬ö˶̲סʿˮ
һûԹˡ
߹ؿຮÿܰѶ߷ֱͲˣĻܳԵ⡣
ڶʿ۰Ͱ͵ؿǱһڿĹĽˡ
Ҳ֪ıģûǵķݡ
ȵԷʱ򣬾ȻǱߵһλӪָʹкһȥ򷹳ԡ
ôѵõսĿԳѵҪɹɣԺԣ
ʿŻֺ£Сȷϵ
ӪָʹˬʵЦ
úܣҪŲźóԡǿ˱ֲԭţǲóԶˣǶˣǷĳԾǡ
ŵʱֱÿôαһ˵ʮ⡣
򷹵Ĵ¶ʿοǵ
·ϵüַֻĸеӲþԣֵǶൣȹǵľˣͶٶٶ׷ͷԳˡ
ʿǶĿ࣬ôӺ⻹Ҫǹ궼ԲôõĶô
µʿǺʿ̲סʵ
ǾеĻʳһֱô𣿡
Ǳһճ극׼ȥϴʿص
ϱÿ춼׼Ӫле̡
ǶԼеĴ׼ҲΪģѾѯʣⲻҪҫһ¡
µȱأ
ǰƽʱҪЩ߸һ⣬ֻսʱ⡣Ǵ̵ʱҲһĻʳÿ춼жʮĻʳسǷżٵʱ򣬿¹㡣
ʿǹȻĽòС
ⶼʲôӡ
ͬǵģôôأ
鼳ӪѲӣۼһĻҲ˲١
һ㰲
ӣܺܺõɿ
ⱻǿæǧٴλصӪõʹߡ
*
¶ڷյϲеʿȣִǱߵķΧûôˡ
̨ˣǾеʧˣ
ʮפЪϢǰĽ쾪ŵǰ
Ҳǲŷ£Ѿ˻ȥңɻȥҵ˵һ·ˣܵ˸ղŵսȴһ
ͼԣʱɫͱˡ
ǿĿǰе״Ϊ⣬˶Ǯʡ
ռͻ˲ٹȫµȦһġ
Ǵԭòǻ˴ǮӸߵɫĿġ
ҪƬǣǹҲ˺ܶɫĿܱ֤׵
Ϊһެƽǣȫ׶ᵽսϣʧȻǲСʧ
ȥң
ǰ潫Ҵһ£
ˡûҵ
ͼʱŭ
ǸʲôԵģôҪǰô޲
ǰ潫˵ͳ⵽ǽϵֱӺը˲أжǰ渺׵ԱͶֶʱҸ˾𣬱㵼¸˹˼ûߡ
ͼɫʱβףЩʧȥ
ļơ
һ̣ûܽɱԷκ۽ʧҪʧء
ͼƽûԹôĿ
һçԣŭ
ɱԭ̫թˣ̨ĩǰȥַǵ
ͼûƳһۣ
Էռݵܹسǳأô˲ࣿ
Ǹ˳Ļһ룬ʱˡ
Էôףʾֱ׹ǡ
ԷĹӽɣûףһɣ򲻵¥ǺӶˡ
Ҫʾǰȥֻڶʿװ
̵ı


169 
˺ðΣ ͼŴ׶ʧıŭ侲
ѾߵûģҪԺ
ûǣױըʱԶǱߵġʱɱ ҲвСࡣ
ܶͶǽϵ׶ûը
˵ǵ䷽ϻǴںܴ⡣
Ǽˣضһ֣
ԣ ҪĲǹǣϻȥ°䷽췽óҼӴѸõס
뵽ߵǲдƷ ͼҲʱܶˡ
ֲдƷ Ҳû̫ô
ȵȡ
ԷΪʲôҪף
ͼԺһ
ضΪеײ
;˲ôʹǧ֮ңެƽǰľٶǲ֤һ㡣
ң ǵоռϷ磬 Ȼûгǳʱʤ׷ ǲҲ˵ެƽУ ʵû̫ıء
ı Ǿ߱ʿսʵģ׷ֻ˵бǴı
ͼʱ˷
ˣȥ̼ ҹϮެƽǣ
Ҫúɱǹ
Էմ˸ʤ̣ɵʱ ҹԷҲ޷Զʹף ǳ䲻ǿʱ
óǵȷѸټᡣ
ɫ ִĵެƽǶȥ
Ϊ˼С û
һȺϢ˻Ǻӱߣ ׼õоĶɺӡ
ȻôҲû뵽ȻᾪԷ
Ϊǵʿ˷˲ҽС

ڼžҹʱ˶Էǽҹʿע⡣
ʲôˣ
Ǻӱߴü̶ĲҽУʣǵϮ
¾ӣ鼳ָӹҹϮģȻԴҲзġ
οǴʱسǵ٣Ҫطκ
ҹʱ˰һžƽ˻Ǻӱ߲Զͷ˵ݡ
ȻǲϵҹϮʱǺΪȥġ
ˣܸǽֵҹʿʾ
еϮеϮ


170 
ظĵУ Ůխη߶
΢תЩֵҽ˵źӣ Ƕɹɹ̫΢߶һ¡
 ɹ̫Ѿֻǿһˡ
ͻȻһ˵ĽŲûᣬ ȴû뵽ǽŲǵſͣ
תͷͷȥ ԭ´Ů˽
뵽˷µǺ޲ֱǰ֪Щᡣ
΢΢͹Ķӣ ޣ ͼÿζҪȱ
ĸƾӹ ûкӣʼպ㡣
ǡѾ ȴĺӣ ҽǰչˣÿ͵ķҲв⣬ûѺǰûʲô
ͬΪǵĴҲúܶࡣ
ûеĶ ôС
ͼӽǣȴû˵
΢Цſǣ Ŷ
ͼѾˣ ˿ӦѾެƽˣ Ҳ֪Щеİôأ
ȭͷ ƽź Ȼ뾡ƽܲ⡣
˵и̫̼ǣֻȻúõġ
뵽ˣؿڵ
ҵİ͹ǺĺҲǣϾҪ⺢ӻأӵĸ˭ʲôҪġ
Ͳû˵ûٰˡ
Χηģǵ㷿÷ŭĿⶢ
س嵽ηſڣ
ͽʲôʸô˵ǹ
ıӾͳȥż϶ʱͳһѪۡ
ˣ³
͵˵𣿡
ԣƽذѺ˻ٱ´򵽣Ȼؿ£
˶ȥΪʲôܣ
⻰¶µɫǺ죬ȴҲķֻܶݺݵص
ڴʱ˴ͷ¶
̨롣
ЩЩȣͼڴôͻȻˡ
Ҳҵ󣬸Ͻȥ
ߣ㷿Ƿ׷¶顣
Ϊǣźùװ׵سȫ
ͼ⹷ǵвװ׵ˣҲҵǧֱܽСˣҳ
ǻҲ۹ɴȥ
˵žҪǽײȥ
æ
ס
˱ʱ£˿ȻػһȦ
Ҳ˵лţǶҪܵػȥһ̣˭Ҳ׷
ǼûҲû캦ƾʲôҪΪ޳֮ͽĻȥ
ܣҲԸ磬ҲȥټԼĸĸ͵ܵܰ
Ҳ˴
˵öԣǻţܵȵӵһ죡
˵¼ᶨжֻһ
һҪŻص
*
ºܿ챻ͼǰ
ֻͼϻףȻǸ··û
һ·ûͼżǵȥһǡ
Ȼܿû˼ȥֻˡ
ΪͼͰˡ
£ǲǻűսϣǵףԲǱߵġ
ţ
ôܣõľ䷽˰
ͼסͷһѽڵϣɫص
ڱǰװǻƣûô㣡̰ŵĶ˵Ȼٴ֪ʲôܣ
뵽ϴεĿ̣»һ
ûκζˣͼ㲻ҪôңĲ֪Ϊʲô
ͼµĽ˴鲻ѣϽ̾˼ʹϴε̡
ϾǸŮˣٴ˵ͳʲôëˣûס
̼ʹֲ࣬˼ʺϳѶ
ûãԺ˺ѷεĲҽС
̨ҲҲ֪Ĳ֪ң
ͼûﵢ󣬸½
Ը⽻еĹұ
Ҫȥǲ˰͵ˡ
ȻΪʲôʱúõף˺µ˽սʱʹۿۣܶ඼޷ըˡ
Ȼڹͻ˸ԭϣҲ˼µ£ûκ͵ϵļ
ֳ˲õ飬Ҳû⡣
ȻȷʵǱߵģɾڳֲը
ʵǽ˰˼⡣
һʿǰ
̨᲻ΪͬĶȥǾûˡ
⻰һ˶ɫһ䡣
ͼ״һͱʿؿڣ
Իڣˣȥι
ȻĿ絶ؿЩʿฺ𹤷ǣ
úԭ˺˵˵ղ˾³
սսӦŵ
ȻҲҲԭ
ǱߣҲΪѶȶ˻ԡ
ͼòǿѹƢ˸ҽΡ
ĵǣͥȻߵһλš
һʼͼ⣺
ո˹壬ôˣ
ո˹żֵǿ
Ǵġެƽǵ£Ѿ֪ˣͥĹǣεսʧ
ͼ⻰ʱüͷ壬˶һֱ֮
ϢǳȣսôСľ仯ûϱͥȻ֪ˣ
ԣľжֵļϸһ˰̣Ȳظ״
ո˹̾˿
̨ɵöϵģϻôǮûﵽԤƵЧɰ˿»Ȩ
ɰֺӣͼľ֡
ͼֺصģվֻͼһӡ
һֱͼ׿Խѹ˳ͷսŴγԱȻٲûеıȨ
ͼùǺȴҲ֪ո˹һ⡣
ո˹壬ȥ߸һܿŤתս֣صġ
ո˹ͼǸܵǰδеĽԣڹԭ
ߣҲ벿½ͨǡ
Ȼʵзյġ
ıִɳǾ˽ӡ
߸Ǿ͵һٶ·ԴݵĲǸСĸǴӸߡ
ֻǣ뾳ͬʱҲ÷ԷʹС
ܹһΪλνǡ
ÿһΣͶֵ֣֣ȸֱ֣ȷȫλ
صȣҲֳθžУһ˳ϳţԻǹźţڶε˲ſʼǡ
¶Է͵ϮҲһ˺֮һڳȴ̹ǽоԮ
һߵġ
سǵ˷Ĵģ˽Ŀ¶
Լˣɲ˷ɣֱƾ˷Ѵҵʱ䡣Ҳս޲ʤ
Ͳûֱ˵ˡ
ԣ˿գƵصЦŻػ
Ϊս޲ʤҲûʤ̣˵Ϊٽ³ç
۱֣Сǰ˾ˡ
һС˲رͣĶʱϹҲסƫԷ˵ʵȷʵûʤ̣ûô̡
˰Σѹŭص
ԣǫѷһЩ˲ߵóԶ
εص
Ҳ룬ʵ
㣡
ͨ졣
仰Ľ棬ͽĶ䭺޵ôһسӡ
ûãֵڵһξʽˡ
Ϊ˷ǳûǣӶͨŵĵ·ԣȫǾά򣬿мˡ
ȫ䭵Ԥ֮С
ױ˵ͷʱһʿܵ˺˾ĳǱߣƿһϵͲֻŵȫһֽװСݵʡ
Ϊ֮ǰڳʱȹģֻ֮涼¡
ʿֽ·ȥ
ԭΪǹ·Եĸؾ̰ڳ񵲵ơ
䭵ļλױȴͲ״ʼ
ʿǶפر߹ˣԴοͣı⣡涼Ǻ⣬ҷĳԣ
ƽʱûٳĻᣬѵóһأһҲֻһƬСС⣬⻰˶ʱȥЩֽ
⣡㣡
ûֽ˾ϲغ
÷ʵⰡôһ⣡
𣬺𰡣ԹǶ𣡡
ڳԲײʿջ˵ֽһЩ̲סͲˡ
Ҳһ·У䭸Сģ״ʱ
񣬶񣡡
ǳ
Ȼʳǰ˲ԡ
Ĳܵǰܻغ
ʲô
΢΢һЦ·һ
ֻοͱ߾ѣٽα˶ŭѵЩߵʿǣԵǺⶼ𣿡
·ߵЩʿǣ˵Ļһ
Ŀɲ䲻ġ
ֻãνοͣǼưڵüֱȻʵοʾӡ
ǻʵӲǱصĻӣǽĻʵۣ
ҵϡοͣ
䭸ʿǵ
͵ˣԲԶԼǿ
ô⻹ǣǰ˳Ҳûж˭̵סء
ı䭼ƣùǺ
ۼʿǶȥЩֽ޾Ϳԣǰ棬ʱıӾͳһڳʿݺݳȥǳ
κ˭ټĶֱӵն
漴ױȥ⻰
䭻һ·ЩǺֽͣغ
Ȼʿ֮£ȴٸҼˣֻܿŵЩֽգŻķɢʿˮ
ۼʾǣŭδıӰ
ˣѵеֽȫ̼зٻ٣ɱЩɾĶǵĵأ
ǿѹʿǽЩȫճ˻ңŸоͷʹࡣ
ߣЩģΣ
ղӦĻˣ˿̲֪öЩװ˷ѵǺ⣬Щһ㶼ˡ
ǰһǡ


171 
Ծǳ˿ڶ ĵıȴ֪ײʿʱжŭ
ױӪ뿪ʿճɵĻҶѣ ۾Ǻġȥ˽Ҳ̲ס౧Թ
̣ôǣ Ȼôˣ
ղű˳Եʱҿˣôһ⣬һ굽ͷҲδܳԵô⡣
󷽣 ˰ ֻϧٽˡ
ôôΪԼһӣ͸ǵȫյ
԰ ǳģ бԼǷⷢǰƽǳԿʲˣ ˸ǳԵģ
ǱˣǴĻʳӣ ˵ʴӾӣ ϣΪʵ۵ģ
Ϊʵ۰ɣʱΪǳǶԻ͸˵ĸӣ
С㣬㲻Ҫˣ

ЩζǺ⣬ ıԹھӪг˺Щ죬ֱǲެƽæǧʿȫȫβػ
Ϊӵެƽ ˷ûެƽĵؽϣ оӳ˸졣
·ľӣ С ³𻰶 Ҳûóެƽˣۡ
ϾͼûһһëˣӲ˿ɾͻ˴¡
ǣЩެƽæҲص˸Ӫ
֮࣬ʿɻʱҲǿȥӪŵģΪôЩݣӪ
ԭǰȥˣǵԼʶ˵ùرެƽæ᲻˻Ҳȥѱƽġ
ûެƽĵǣȴȫû뵽ǸƤûһ㣬ȫúõػˡ
Ŷˣ˻һȦ
ѽСӣһެƽ᲻ֱ˾ûˣôСӻˣ
Сһڵ
ѻ죬ôûˣʵ˵ȥæˣһûٵضˣûκ˵ġ
˵˾
ôܣѵûǣ
˰µ˴ÿɲˣ
˵ţüɫذ˫νսõĶӣľ˵һ飬Ӫ˶Ŀɿڴ
Ȼô̵ģµıѹ˶˵սأǴ̿ð
ǸСӵ˸߲ҵط
ǿɲµĽ˿ɺˣһ㶼ˡ˵ѵǺϿ㲻֪Եöãǵʱһף˵رһžһĶأǽȴһ㶼ĵش˵ȣܻǮ飬Ͳʿء
ȥҲЩ˸ûȥ쾻Դȥˣߵʱ齫˵ԸҪлǣôÿһ޷˵ﶬ䣬ʱõϡ
˵ţͰ޷óչʾԾǴҫС˼
ǿʵҾûôů͵·˯Ŷôһأ촩϶ůͣ
ͬӪˣԭ˵Щѣ״׷̲סǰΧۣǼ·
ĺúʵ
·˵ˣ촩϶ů͡
㲼ҲžȾ
е·ðʲôʱ򴩵·öá
˵ÿʿÿ궼ҵװɾЩɱĽ죬øôõĶ
ǷĶ«ݵļ£ů
ÿ궬죬춯ŻãϾֻһȺ˼һмǿӡ
ÿҲǺö˴±Ϊ޷Ӧ÷纮
ˣҸڣôкӹ
˵ҵ鶼
˶Сӣ
ɱٰЩóˣĽĸˡ
СӲ⣬ذοǣ˺ܶǣٽ˲ȫյ˵һ顣
¹˺Щ죬˵´Ҳɺܷŭ
СҲûҫ顣
Ǳ߸أûʼû¡
Ϊʶ˴Ĳ࣬Խ״߲
ƵӪҲš
ڹѫңٶٲȱ⣬뵽ΪЩʿôһǣͻôԹߡ
ôڸοŨīزʵһʣԼЩެƽǷصʿǵʶ̸۴еļţ¾ӵǿ󣬴ԽʿǱӡӡײʿУѡ
˽ﻹ˵ެƽʿ˵ʵвطؾ˳
򱱾С
Щ˳Ҳһͬʵġ
Ĵţĸ
ΪѾʵϿƶȣһȫʿҪܵǣһӣȫҲĸա
±ͷҲϲȥ
ʹˣ˷֪ĵĴʽҲףѵһ١
ŭ
Ļ
һǶѣǾѵ췴ɣ
Щһ֪ܶ˼Ҹǣβ;ҡñȹ
˷ص
㾹ڸģ
ɾԼ
ûʱЩһ࣬˱ûԹһֹʱ棬ȫʿһʳԵͣ˵ҵס
˷Ҳ˵ˡ
˳棬ȷʵǸˡ
Щʲ˵ģ˷Ѿٺȫʿúüһٴ⣬ǰʧ
һʲ֪Ϊֹͣ˱ó򲻵ô򣬸ҲûһʱȻǧͷ򣬻߼ͷղ
򣡲ϧһд򣡡
ջƽ屶ļǮŰҪ롣
ˣ˷Ҳѵƽ׽˵һͰ˵οʹ࣬ҳĻ
ֵϴٽյЩΪǳԲĵʳж
ƺܳ⣬ײʿǿҲͦ˵ġ
ǱߵǿҶԱȣʿǵѾˣһůġ
οһ֮ǳԿʲˣǱϹ𷣣΢ľãõľװ
*
䭲֪˷ΪԼͱ¨Ӷͷۡ
οȻǱЩĿġ
սЩ򶫾һ㣬ԸҲҶõġ
ʵû뵽ľˡϵԼ
ԤУĻὫЩǺǾԼ巢Ÿʿ
ȻЩڶ壬ɱһӲôˣʿҲԵǺġ
ȴ˾üŴ󣬾ȻǿӲҪеĶȫյ
ȻŭҲЧԤлҪá
ĿײʿǱܴĥģּ֤ĵ³ç޴䭸ûҪҸˡ
⸸Ӷ˰ѳƴʿһ¾磬ЩʿǶǸݹ᾵ӡ
ˣͬȡȨʱҲᱣ°ǡ
оָ̣ӹٵҪԲԶÿһʿӵҲͬɺӡ
ʵȨȴۼʿܵ˿ΪĽͨҲûʲô۽硣
ƷУҸӺµĴ죬ټҲõա
ЩԺ飬Ļ֡
Ӹ뿪·֧Ԯެƽ
ԼԴƵϣȻӸһ·ȥ
ڵˣԼͷ˵Сӣ·Ҳ˵F죬·ͷһɫף־䳵ϣҲûɫĲǡ
ӵɫʱĲԭǽӽ
ҹӼûôˡȻҲԭԼǰкܴϵ
䭵Ŀ꣬ͥ
Ϊҵзģնɱ˧һ
ΪӪʡ
ֻץ㹻зʣܻشĹЩֵİա
ҹ˯ʱȲʱóţԵҲֻиˮǼࡣ
ȫûһ˱Թ
Ϊһ֮ҲʿͬͬסǳԿۣĿҲһġ
ң䭳ڲи˼£ѾؿʿǵԺ
ؼסˣԼգǰյӵܱҲǵĽǵְҫ
оǰʦ䭽˴еĿģΪӪȳĴգʿǶǻѪʹ࣬Ҳμʹ
о죬ڵֵĵһ֮£ڵоδ֮ʱѾǱŲԶĵط


172 
߽ϵĵһذ
뱱ͥɽͬ ͥǰһƽҪڸߵϵĹذ赲Դĵˡ
ֵŷҪڲɣ ԼӶһɢɳɫĿˣһֱѺ̣ͨ żĹӶһҲֻСС֣һֻ۱һֻۣ 
˱֮£ ͥ꣬ҲǿѲߣʿǶԴľҲǺܸߡ
Ѳеģ  ϺоĽӡӡ
Ϊ˼为 ӿоٶȣλû̫ʣ ͼĸ Ҳûƥȫأ۹رѷʲôԾĺۼ
ˣ 䭵ľͻȻʱ¥ϵֱӱ˸ֲ
ʱϡ ɽ سǵʿŹǷ ֻͻȻһХ һԲεžȻײ˳¥Ķϡ
޴ĳ ʱשʯɵıݶײ֮صһ죬жʱҽ
еϮ
еϮ
ǽҹʿǴţʾ죬صľҹסڶʿ׷Ҳӿ쿴
ȻĿȥܻǳ¥£˵ټ
Щɻʱƿٴ¥ϣʿҽŵأѭȥֻϲ֪ʲôһѪѪ
Щ˴֫ɣֻʱɥʧжЩͷģȴֱӵ
ûӦǼƿǽϷı̵´룬һٽŮǽҲǴ롣
ڷ䰵Ѱ壡
Ǵ
ȻǶӣûҵ˶ϣֻשʯɣǲҽ
ǽϵʿǶʱǺֻ˹֣׷׻һŵˣʶ¥ȥ
˭Ҳû뵽ʱһĺ֣Ѿĵ˳ŸĶ棬վץһ˦¥ȥ
ЩܹжʮˣԳߵŮǽΪĿ꣬Ѹٵš
ըڼεؽؾĿ⼯ڲ֪ԶԼΧע⵽ǽ
ûãʮ˳ɹһŮǽ뷢ǵʿƴɱ
źţ
ǹһˣȡϵǹϿһǹ
ԣЩµľ
ҩҹлĹ켣Զܿ
ڵһСɽͷϣƵԶ۲ų¥Ķźţ
׼ǣеӪڻ
ǣ
̷һǹǸǽǱŵĺǲӵĽźš
ǵĵκرɽӸµĳǳء
ǿԱ繥ĳǽ̣ܶزtɽµĶʹоɱ¥£Ҳһ򵱹Īǳѹ
ˣﻹڻһѿеӲͷ
˶ѡȴǡ
Ҫֳ䲻⡣
ȻҲ޵ķʸڵõǳܱߵĵͼǳصķ
ڳǳұԼĪԶĵطһȳǳذ˶ٵСɽ
ԭtĸڡ
µľ
ռθߵأڴ˴ڼܣͨбǹгǽӡ
ڴͳĹ£ԭǲڵġ
˸Զ̵ɱĵһߣ˺ǵľͻƿڡ
źţͳźҹǱɽµĺǶ̧װõĹǳ֮ϱܶȥ
һٶˣι̵ĹǳѸٵǰǲռݵŮǽ
ǰǲСײϺըͼӿĵо࣬ҲлеӪĻڻһٶҲܿ˳˳ǽ
ˣѾһʮռһߵء
ֳʮͷռŶӲͶԶĵˣӢµس¥³ȥ
ǵģѡһƬŮǽռĿģǿƳŵĻء
ĹǴѾ׼ˣֻҪǽŴ󿪣̾ͻкԱǴȥֹٹϡ
һֱָŻеӪųߵķͶʵף׼Ǻڵ˳ǽ棬ɱͼſĵоΪŵǲӷֵѹ
ڣսԼĪһ࣬ٴηźţǶ˻أ
صĳź¡¡
ɽҲͬʱĺŽ
ǴĹֲ֣ȷ׷׳ɽϳȥ
󲿶ڽ˳һʱĶ̾ƴɱ
Ⲣɡ
ֻҪѹĳǳأƽ˵зӸµƣǵӮͺܴ
²˳٣
ʵɢڸһŷأ汾ǣ
ʿ̧ڼڵɽתơ
ȻﲢȫڵڼܣɽҲһ֡
ɽٽҪʱ䣬ɽµǲ֣ȷŸİȫȴǿϽǣռŮǽϵĳ¥ԵµĲӽԶɨġ
⽥ҲûѾķˡ
ôֲؾҲڴʱſʹʧŵס
һִδԲͲ״ȥɫ򣬱ܺعԶĵط
ԴԴϵʿӾӪñ¥ϵš
δԶոҲǴ˾޴Ŀֻš
ǶǰӢѵصĲǱ˴ϣɱʮ־ˡ
к󷽣򲻶⵽¥ϼʢһŶ̾ڵܼ
ڲе˫ѹ£ֱķ߲ʧء
䭵ָ£еҲڳ׷ǰȥ벽һͬɱŵоı
սһһҹڶʱڳռǡ
ؽһٶױȫ;бǷ²
ɻսһǧƥʳʯбѣһǧ
ױǰ䭻㱨ŴսսƷ
صͷ
ʮ֮һıֵأץʱԭϢһ磬̳ǰͥ
ǣ
ױȣŲسȥҹߵ༱о죬Ҳѹסеϲá
ִԼΪĶֶ̫ģͥŰ
ǼоǣĹذֻпǺͥǡ֮һͥ
ֵĵβʺȻڻ˲ٱҲȫǰͥĵ·
ȫԲȡǣֱͥ
ڶԷӪɻսǵоٶȽڵ̳ͥ
Ȼǹǻǽоܴ
ͥǱߣȻ
ǿ±ؽĵоһôӲ̡
ʤսǲֻһˣսԼǿɶԿġ
һԾϵĽЩض䭵
˴ι¾зͥսռߡָӣĩʾǰ
ս͵ϮȽ׳䲻ʤࡣ
ƣԼıҲսܵķյġ
һ֮ĹǣΪս֣Ļҵ㽫һ
ǰһְܱسǵĸһӻ֡
Щ˻ǿߵģǰЩ˷¿ԣ
Ǵ󺹴սǰͥ׽еúϴɾӸţ
ĽԴ˺ܲͬ
ǣҲˣǴ˰̣Ҳ׳ˡ
ͥû;ıǺױ˰ӵġ
ԣ͵
˵ЩҲֵĵˣǿռƣֺθðͥ׽ã
¿ԣȻҲм˼
İɣҲð֮ˣ첻վͽ֧Ԯ͸ϢӦöڰ·ˡ
ŷ磬ΪҪȱƵɳͨĮ½֣ʱܾá
ˣɳ䲻ӱ߰ͥǿ֧Ԯ
Ľԣ΢ɻЩȴǲðգ
ǿһ
䭰˰֣
ȥֺδػ¡׽еĿľͺѴɡ²飬ôˣҲЩȥϢɡ
Ȼºͣȴݶҡ
Ľԣֱ̾ţȻǱ̲ˣֺް취
䭾ȵؿһ߳ж̬漴¶Ц⣬లһ䣺
ֻܰģ㱣֤˰ֻ̣ʣ±һˣҲӳȥ
˾˵һնûУȴҲǽǿĽսԼԼ֮ϵġ
ңĽϤֵεòǰȴڴפ꣬ƬغϤ
ټָӶʿмӳá
ЩʮҪʤأܷ


173 
Ѷ ĽҲûбİ취ֻԼ¡
ڶ죬 ˺·ĸˮƥĲϣ ֵȵµڹڵһ磬ǧǣ Ϳʼͥ
뿪 سǸһҲǱӻͥ
ʱͥΪͼһ۲ݡ
ֺӵ֧ǣΪȻͼʤ㣬 ӦɴӲɰǰȥ֧Ԯ
֧ͼˣ ԸòɰûȨ ʾͼұ۶ͼϸΪĬеǰ Ҫ֧Ԯ ҲӦɶ
ÿĹᣬҪΪ磬ֺ䷳ꡣ
󺹣ʧأ ʲбڹ
һʯǧˣµѻȸ
˭֪ǶԺı߷жҪ
ֵʾ֮ʣ ȱһ˺ ٰͥȫ
ֺɫҲѿ ϽԸ
̴
ûã ǸѾڡ
ͷ϶Ѫ Ȼȴҹ̸ϻġû˹˵һֺ㼱ʵ
ôʧأʲôʱ£˭ģ
˵ҪҪͱüˣǴӾ۵ĽǶȣʵսԣǹģôͻȻʧˡ
һ˲䣬ֺǲڼ顣
Ǹ֪Щܾ֮ᣬҲҵ󣬸Ͻѵʱ˵һ顣ĩ˻תµĿԡ
˶ʧɫ
ǵǺ̾˿£
׻ˡ
ǶֵסοǵĲԭǳء
׵Ĵ˵ʱʵԡ
ҵս֪׾ô޵СóʲôµҲˡ
뵽һƽĲԭƣ¶ʮֲ
һͥҪ˶þͻʧء
ǸĿ֮ԣ飬Ϊֺİȫǳûؾʹ󺹴ͥתƵǬɽȥ
Ͼͥݣ󺹱ǰ֮ţǲصޡ
ֵĹǬɽΪ֣ΪڸĵĴŰͥڶߡ
ΣȻǬɽȻ߾裬ȫǬɽȽס
õ˵ͬ
Ψֺˣüͷ壬һŭ
ס죡ȫﳤ־Լ磡һ֮ӵĵǬɽԶĹʿҪҪˣ
ǰǶӣؽʿγɼĴ
ңһǷֿڽƬø
ͼڹ˰Χ֮Уױƣĸ
Ǵ󺹣һ֮ݡ
԰֮壬ðհ
һЩ廹ǲġ
ֺؿһۡ
˭볷뵽Ǭɽг룬Իڡ
⻰һǶˡ
˵󺹲ߣ˭ߡ
ֺ״ſӲɰ
ɰΪΣ
˵ֵزˣɰβ֪Լ
㲻ͬʱҲҪ˳Ÿ˼ĵġ
οͼǣڳȡȨĺûᡣ
˼Ƭ̣ɰ
֮伯дóߣԭƿʹ֣Ҳδռˡ˵ǰ֮뵱ıͥȫͬڱ׹ͥ
ºıܳ㣬ͨ͵ϮǣȻ̫ࡣȻʾǰδزܽ׽ʱǿȻΪһɢɳ
ֺԣɫڻЩ
ã־ɰʾӭ
ɰдϲõ˱ȨҪƯķ̣ͼȥ
ǣ
Ϊλĵʯɡ
־
²˳٣ɰǰȥӭ
úܺãԭֱһоȿɱһ޷ɱ̫ˣЧ䵯ҩֿʱǽаΧϮš
Ըȫˡ
һнһҹѾ쵽ˣûټ
òͣӪկ
˿ԸһЩȴǱҪˮġ
鲻òһˮԴϢι
Ȼܾܺ裬ҹǻ⵽ͻϮ
ֻ޴ĺ˷ϮӪŨ𣬵ǲҽ
Ӫܳʿǣ״㱻֪С߱ը׺ķѡ
ҹ裬ڿĲԭϣҲ̫Զ
Ǹ֪ֻ˷Ϯ
ĵˣ޴ɶľܿӪҡ
ˣֻ͵Ϯһ𣡡
ɰŭˣȥ쿴о׼ӭУ
ȥ˺þãŷϱ뱱ƺл⣬Ӧ
ɰ
ȫӶͻΧ
òײÿֻŵʿǻָǣϽܵ˩ĵط⿪ƥ޴ڵСִ
˵ƥû˩׮Ŀƣ̷Ƶɢӡ
ʿӦӪضʱˡ
Ҽ䲻֪ƥӪأȴֱЩۻأӪغֱײĻҡ
òһ˿סҪͻΧûܶԶ㱻޴ıը˻
ⶫϤף
˵ĸ
ƵмǣѹԵڻըƥӲܾʧصĽ֣Խء
ɰļ٣ȴû˿취
ΪʹҲ޷ٺȫըӪʿ
գֻܴŻѵصױǣһûлķᶨͻΧ
ȻǱߵȴľͲ˾󷨵Ĳǡ
ߵһĬĲС֮£Ҳ˷²
*
֮ʱִӪأصʬ޷Ա
ĽһƬǽսеĴʯء
ǰΪսֻһվͳȻҪһ·ۣ嵽ͥȥ˭֪ȫǰ׵ˡ
Ȼսأһ·оȴǲÿ춼þӳϢ
ûãǽӵϢ˵ִӲɰȫٶǺһֻͣ´ǡ
鱨ĽʱĲѡ
ǵõоУγɸЧɱˡ
ооǵĵҩγɼ˷ѣɱ˼ˣᱻԷԻķʽɧţΧڻܱܿоߡ
һ̶Ƶʮֲ
û뵽ȴһ㶼ģֱƵҲ֪ڲԭôеģ˺üͻȻһ쿴źŵо򱱰ˡ
ʱĽ֪ԭ£Ϊ˱ⱻо̽鵽١
ԭ˵ԭƣһãȴٵơ
ȵоо죬òǱŰҹѶԷΧˡ
ǵ̳Զоڹ߲õϸ޷ǵĶ֪˰Χ
ȻǰҹϮӪһס
Ȼϣþͺá
ⲻɰȫˡ
˵в˻ûǵƣ˼죬޷ٹв
ѱץĲɰĽÿĴѲӵ䭡
һʤתΪŵʤĻŭţĽٲ䭵κξˣͥԶĿ꣬޲ж
һô죿
Ľʾ
ߣ־ڱصã
˾̼оȥǬɽµˡ
Ѿ˵ͥı˺ܶ࣬Ӷ򹥴ǣоȻ߳롣
ֻҪڵоǰǬɽ·ϵžͺˡ


174 
ļо
ƾŶֵεϤ 䭴Ŵ󲿶ض˲ԭϵ飬һ·ͨǬɽ֮£ȴŵоĵ
ɽζŸǱ
Ҫôɽ һɽҲСٽǬɽĵط㹻ˡ
ǲû̫Ǭɽ ΪֺܿǬɽɽϲҪҲֹһ ̫ ױɽϵ˷
ǰͥͨ籨ţͰһˡ
ȻľӴ˴Ǿװģ ɽϵôԶ ǰҹĿĵأ ֱҪ뿴ɽµסʱҲò̫磬ûͨ籨ŵʱ䡣
䭸Ǭɽʱ ͥҲӵټ
 оõ󣬴źƺƵ죬ټض飬ʮˡ
֧ҲԼٶͥ Ѿ;Сǳء
˻æͥԮڻ㱨оʱҲơ
ͥ Ͽǻˡ
һ̰ĹʱҲ˲ϻ᲻ͷˣ Ͻֺԣ
󺹣 ǿʮ кܶ սʹƴɱǵҲˣ
󺹵İΣҪǲȳǬɽ㣡
־ʮ
ǰʧɳȥӭеͥģֻˡ
ӵгǿɱͥ᧿Σԭֻܵ߱
ֺ񼡣
ǰɰصϢ˵ûҵټΪĵɽơ
ԴͥĴ󲿷ֱߵĲ𣬲ҪĿġ
ͥ飬ôͥ
ϵ
ȥвɰٻԮ
ͥΪһǣסǽַ²ȴҪ߳ǲݳǶأֻҪ⣬ôּܼġ
ɰҲߵòԶֻҪܻٸϻ֮ܽͥΣ˵ܳû
ȻļƻܿڸĿֻˡ
ɳȥ˻ûҵɰѾյ˲ɰǱߵţ
ɰҹϮ˲أЩӳûҴߡɰˣҲѾΪķ²
ֺǰһڡ
ô죬Ȼûˣ
ҲʹѪͼ֧ǣûѵ
ôᱻҹϮǾͲ֪ŵ𣡡
˵ףǲɰ̨
Ǵ̵ľЩ
ֺŭ
ˣס죡ʲôã
ֻñ졣
ֺҹϮϸڣҲԼ֪һһʮشˡ
ò
ڶǿµԶشˡ
ͥĳǽԵס湥
ٴοֺͥ
ֺĬã
ȥбǰǬɽҪ죬ܸǺΧĻᣡ
ô˺ﶼҪյнǬɽҾܽʧأʱʧһȻԶء
ʱЩңһϲǣҲϮƽһͨ벿Ա£ЩҲ̫Σա
ڵȵ󺹷˲ҵ̵ԼұһЩٶȳͥ
û˸̰ʡ
ΪֻǬɽռݵƣǲܱ֤İȫ
ھ裬ǬɽҲԴԴϵ͹
˶˿ҵҹ̾ͳǬɽȥ
ȻΪ˱ٴҹϮǾԼߣȲҪʱ򣬼ҪɳһӪıڷԲﷶΧѲӡ
оյأǬɽԽԽ˵Ҳ΢һЩˡ
󺹣ֻҪٹգǾɽˣѾɽȥţǰ׼Ӧˡ
ֺ΢΢ͷ̾˿
ֻϧصʿǣҲ֪ܼسǳؼ졣Щ˶ΪסоŲµġ
ո˹ο
Ϊ뺹Чңǵõףġ
ֺѾ̫Զɽ¶ҪսɽкнȸС
ڵ׷֮ǰ㹻ľ裬Ҫþӣȫ׼ŶԵЩ˺ͲƸ
ΪǰգӵľҪͺܶࡣʹˣ;һƬʱҲǾǲӵ̽·ġ
ȷ걳İȫǱ֪ͨ󲿶ӡ
ֺм䱻ܱšΪ˷ǲ֪ԶҲǿĲ
Ѹٴ֮ĵ·
˭Ҳû뵽ʱͻ
ԶѾЩƵͻȻζһ£Ǳ㱻˷ɢΧˡ
һһʿӦѾս˵սҲֱײ

ֺ˰Σվڳϲ쿴ŷ֣ԶɫıһЩڷԲͲ״
Ϊϵ·̫ԻԣָԶ˳۾ٴδһֲ
˵ǣǾȻǰǬɽĵ·޷Ӵ˴ɽɽ
ʿȻңȴȫָӲ
ֺҲ˲׷ΪʲôľӾȻһǬɽ£ʱֻΣա
ͻΧسɽ

Ǹûãɽĵ·ѾԶĻ̫ˣȥ˲ء
ͻΧҲͬ⵽赲ء
ֺһҧֻس
ֻʱ·ȷûģʱ䣬ӳΧȦߵȵɽϵڱǰԮ
ֻǣİȫûг̫ʱ䡣
ǰͷܣ䭵ںͷ׷䵥ȫ׷ɱ
׷һʱ̽·ȷæ
󺹣ˣкö߸
ֺʶԾֻû
мˣ
ɴʱʲôã׷ǰж½أѾ˵˵İΧ֮С
ǿӲͻΧûκΰ취
ֹһʱ˫ͻΧ뷴ͻΧӵĽսִټϿʱʱؽԶ̻ѹƣִ
ΧȦԽԽСʿ͹߶Ѿٱ
Ͷ߲ɱ׽ֺͣ
Χǵʿʼ
һЩ巢ʽĽʿʿͶ
ͶͶ
ֺô󺰣𹭼ͳЩͶʿȥ
ȻϮ
һƽﲻ̫ӵĹ壬ȻԼʿϮױȻѾ١
һСҲж
ǱߵҲ˹ֺױ乭䡣
ûãֺߵ˱ֻʣ߰˸ˡ
ס֣Ͷ
˵ϣݷ·˲ʮһ㡣
*
һսˣһֵأ˴ɨս㿪ʼϢ
쿴ر˫ֵֽԼЩһرŵĹ壬ڵ¶Цݡ
û뵽ٵץôֻҪ
ȵĽҲͬϲɫ
ǰ̫࣡һ߳ʵˣ
ǰΪΪһΧǣ˵̣ʱҲȻܹȥġ
УԭūֻЩ˻ȳΪ赲ڻƷ
ͬʱǵʿҪϳǽҪսҲҪô׼
˵ܾ¸ˣֵõġѾ׼ⳡΧս
ôҲû뵽ûʲôΧǹᣬǱƴѹֺԼͳܲסѹӼ̵Ķ˳㳷뵽ƸߵǬɽ
ǣǶùֱһһ׷ϰΧͰȫ׽סˡ


175 
ңԶɳϲ˹ݣ һͨûʲôĴׯһ뵱˽ȻͬĻƷڷ谭ͨ˼ªĳţһ·ۣ Ժʯ֮С
ס
֪ͥϢʾӴǳ ԼĲӴĻƽʣðϺ˱ɳڡ
ɳʵϣǰļλ̳˵ĶڰȻ׶Ρ
Ϊڹӣ ڶλ̳ˣ ʵ۵ĵܵ¬һЩ顣
¬ʵɳں󣬱ѡͶ¬ Լеı ǿͶʯ ԭūȫΪԷе
ԴΪ ¬ҲԼķϣ Ϊɥʧ˹ǣṩ˰ء
ɳĽȴҪһЩزʲôױ˴Լдһص
ֺ֪б ʿܸмǰ룬Ϊҵµ֮ ʮġ
ʿսǿ ǸɳսʿҲһ
ű Էһٶȣ ɳѸܣ ¬켺
ԭ°Ӷò׻ԭգҲǿ£̵ũūƽƸּŬ¬ϣܲʳ
֮⣬ôԭսƷԼӴʵƭĽӣ˲ũūѱµսʿ
˫ظ£¬Ѿȫѹ˵һ˳λ̳ˣֻѾصĻʵȥͻ嶤һɳʵۡ
ʱΪر¬ҲʽΪķ֮һļ˹ݴ͸ء
̶̰ʱ䣬¬ֿȵ¹
¬أһǰȢ¬ĴŮ¶¶ƾɫʵ¬ڶеõء
ǿģߣɳҲӲӡ
ɳ÷ˮΪһѾӣǺ˵ˡ
ҰĴκ˵߹Ŀķԭϱ߸ĵĴ
ԣѾҲδעϱߵϢ
ҴҸıӣɵϱߵıֲԭȥ̽Ϣġ
̨ǰ־ڡ
õϢ
⻰¶˷̵Ц⣺
æµ˴شƽԭˡ
е̫٣ԶԼԦأ߿ս
ֺǺǵģȱֶʮ򣬾ڻǬɽȻҪҪɨһ׽£ҪѺܶʱ䡣
սһ㲻׾ֹͣˡ
ʱȻᱻǣƴԭΪѾƿصıֲԭҲԿ顣
һԴõġ
ȻڴʱҪرֲԭΪǿУȴ׾١
ϣȱĴ
¬ĳӰӱǼõѡ
˽ᱩŰֺôϲĹһɱˡ
ɳΪƶ񤣬ϱߵıֲԭ͵еĴһˡ
ٵģСǿıǲֵģȴȫһˡ
˸߰ӣʱıֲԭţ飬ֻһȺûʲôսǴԵĺʱ򡣡
нǮ·ȻǺ򵽰ߵţҪϢֲ¶Լֱ׾١
ڱֲԭЩ񼴽֣֮һ㶼ͬΡ
Щ׾ͱ˺ļҲǻá
˼죬֪˴־ڵĵͼ֪ļƲ߳ɹˡ
*
ʱ䭣ܹעңԶɳΡ
ȥ׵＾ΪԵɺϣµؿţæ÷ϾѾڹڵֲϾɱ
ֻСûнڹ׷ɱ˵ıҪԡ
ҲǷ׶Կγǿвϡ
׽ֺڶֻҪûǬɽ¶
ǬɽΪֵҪߣҲдƬֹȻڻ˲ٵı
ɽ½սĶôɽϵıʹԮҲض߾״̬ҵ˵Ļᡣ
ˣûҪ˷ʱ䡣
ȥǰͥ
ͥкصĳǽҰʺ
о֮࣬⡣
䲻ͥפȴҲֺΪвǿеؾ˳ţ²ؾǧפء
˼̵ĳǳأŴʱռǱǵڹøǬɽִ
ǵıȫˣϱȥˡ
гǰ
ʾ
ǿҪȥ׷
԰˰֣
ء
Ҫ׷ҲѾ׷ˡ
ǵıǽɰʲںŵˡüȥﻹ׷ϡ
ңΪǶȥ˳õŵʹߡ
׼ź̸ɡ
䭴еĿġ
ԭʿＸʮȫͼĿ֮£Щ˶Ϊսڻҡ
дº̸ӡ˰͵˳˧ͼ
*
ͼֱǱڻϿ
ԴԮ֮Ѿء
µͶʯ̸ɱҲСƾسǵĳǽ޷Ϊ˼ֻϳˡ
Ѿص˳ǡ
źʵĳǽ뻤Ǻӣټ׵壬оûм
ǵģڳǣõġ
ǸֻϢΨһĺϢ
Ŀǰ˭Ҳ֪Ϊʲôֻڳá»ǼʿҲԭ
о̫ԶǽϷ̫ߣͼõĴԭ
˵ЩԶˣˣװͷȴǲѡ񡣼ʹоɱҲֵ̫ı
ߵףɲǱߣȴҲըܴ󶯾ġԴͶ˼Σо㲻ٹˡ
ͼ΢
һֱҲǰ취ͼԥãŻͥͥǲ֧Ԯ
֧ͥԮǲɰһϵˣòµĳҲһﶪʧ
صȴͥĻȴ
̨ؽڳ
ͼ񼣬ôʱ

λؽֺţЩ߰Ͳɰ˭
μȴԥ˫ϥڵأ
̨ӿǵؾ
ͼšüʵ
׷ʲô£
ؽ̧ͷǺεľţ
ǣʦȥûּ˲ɰܣԾزסǣԸٿպıֻ£̨ӣ
ͼпͥףŲڱú޻֮
ʹ϶ͷɰ˴̣ͼҲһ㶼˲
ʧأɰǴƾ׺ķѵһϢܲ
ԳԹģʾһ·ȥֻͥҲ鷳뿿֧ͥԮЩˡ
ǵؾá
ǵµһҪúܶԡ
ԿؽȻÿؾǡ
֮⣬ȥͥ̽Ϣ
ȻûյͥǱߵĻţȼʹߡ
ͼ̨ǿŸ㡣
˲صһϻ
ͼżʱɫ䡣
żдĸԼͥʮλ壬ȫΪķ²
뻻Щˣʮڳ°׹ڵԭʿա
֮⣬Ҫ־ӣ˵Ǭɽ̤Ǭɽ䶫ء
ڣҪóò׵ĳҪóһĹ
̨ʲôˣ
ĸɫѿʵ
ͼȥ˿󣬶ʱȻŭ
ֱ̫һڱǺһֺ𣡡
ͼȻŭȴû˵
թôֻҪûоܾء
ΪζţͥҲˡ
ͥıͳǽסĽֶ벿ûһסġ
Ƿⲿɲѡ
Ǭɽȴһܶġ
ȻϣߵҲΣա
̨Щʵ̫ˣΪǾǶҲǲԸӦġ
һЩǸĸûԵ
ͼݺݵصһۣؾ
󺹵һУԺκ˵ֻ
żĩβ˵ŻһݸǬɽؽá
ھϴӦ̸ȻǬɽЩĲ
Щ壬ܶڸģҲڱ
ϾˣȻЩġû˸ִֶ֣Ϊһɢɳ
ǴƻǸ飬뻻ֵʡ
ԣҪģȱǴͥȷдݵʵԣģҪú˼βܱסǬɽˡ


176 
ͼϣթ
ûã ɵͥ˾;ʧشϢͥȷʵѾıռ죬ͥĳǽ֮ϣ ߸죡
ҵϣͼòȫȫⳡ̸
ĵǬɽ Ȼǲһʼơ
أЩҲ˿ûȶء
 ʣ Щǿõģ
ʷ棬Ǻ£⣬ Ҫ ͿԸ
ϣ Ļ࣬ҪסǬɽԶ Ѿѱߣ ֻܱȫġ
ҪҲҪ
Լӱ޴͸ǬɽĹǣʾ
죬Ŵʹߣ
͹Ǳޣ Ѿй⣬ҲǱ檣 ǴĹأ ǻȥҲ ȥ£ ҪǷ޹롣
Ϊ⣬ Ը⽫黹ֵʿҲϤ黹ԴΪϣҲ黹ֺз²񡣡
ռݵļسǵʿкܶƽֲıԴ
ŵ䭵һױŭɫȴû˵ʲô
ֻŵģûʸ̸
һὫ̨˼ת
ܿ췵ؿǣ䭣ǡĽҲڡ
ͼĻػʢ쵱ŭ
͹黹Ҫѹ׹һܾ֮˵
Ȼ䭵
Ȼͼ˲ʶȤֱӿ򣬴Ϊֹ
䭵һ㶼
ĹǳսܵһҲ׾ʹӦսʤĺ̸
Լ̸ġ
ˣҲпȶء
ĿǺ׹Ͱʿǣ̫ߣͼƼˣֱֵʣƴһǿȾҪôİйߡ
ھȳǰֻ塣
ʵİȫҲˡ
ղҲһʱߣҲôյ
һԵĽʵ
ЩֵҪ𣿡
Ҳ˼⡣
ǰֻҪأȴûƬϵͨ˸ô
ͼȻᵽˣҲúú롣
˼أ
ΪԻδ뱱ֵǴһģ㣬Щ˱س
Ե
ǿЩ˻ǣζٴԺ󹥴ֵѶȡ
˵ģҲԥĵط
޷ĹŴһԷ
ЩֻҪƽûйķΪͲܸϾɱ
˼˾ϣ
˿ԻǣﲻܸҪЩ˷չɱԱҲҪС
ѾЩʴȡ
еĲֽʣһЩ˲ڶ챻ܲˡ
Ԫ˵֣ıзˣҪٵʱ䡣
Ϊ˼ʵİȫҲΪ˺ֲԭȶò
չֽʣ鼳д˷ţǰȥͼ̸С
γûдĹ٣̫嶯Ľ̸ִ̫еĺѡֻɳڸ鱨óӦ鼳ǰȥ
ĵѾдˣ鼳֪ʲôʱǿӲʲôʱò
*
ԭؾʿǣޱȼ尾
ԴؽῷִǺǾֵƿ֮С
ѪѹΪ˼ԼȫǲòЧ֣Ϊִǰ䡣
ެƽ󣬱㿪ʼ˳սƵֽڽڰˡ
˫սУڻ޴ɶϸСɵ޲˵
νѾֻ֪ҪЩɵУûܶصˣȥҲ˿ã
һʼǻңЩɵԶڳǰ˵Ƚϰȫ˵мʿ
ɵ˻سǺͼı˲ԣֱΪسǵԿǵ
ü˻ţǱû˵Ȩ
ˮЩʿһԱ
ڻңˮһ𱻸Ůǽһкüǧ
ٽ֮ܵĹҵģߵͬһ£õģΪ֣һֱڶ︺ûˡ
ۿͷѪɵĲҳ棬̲סɪɪ
ۼųǽϵķѾ࣬һԭʿֱ
ǰڻ𣬺ӵͼ˵Ǹ·ˡ
ΪԼͽɥȪʱ򣬲֪ΪʲôڶԭͻȻͲٹˡ
˶ʱ˿
Ʋûɢȥ
ÿ춼ͬӪȥ˱ӪѣϢ
жʮ˱̧ȥˣұҲǡ
һʿۿ
Ӫնʱѹ֣̲סޣ
ǰӹıӦɣȻֻôС˿ڣôأ
ǲİӱƵģ
Ƕ֮£
Ӫͷ޳һƬ
ˮҲһľ
ңӲǶ֮֡ǰģЩԭ
ˣɵެƽǰߵľūһҵȥ
֪һǣȴûκηء
Σյĳ¥ϣ¥µȴֱֻܹ뷴ˮֱ߶ȡţҲûлᡣ
²Ըģڱȱ˳͢һ̣Ǳĵˣִֻܱһȥ
*
֪ȴԼֻܳΪƷĴʿǲͬڵеǣһ֪صȴš
ȫ֪ѾѸٵعôǳأֻǼʵǿһȡʤͬʱҲ֪Ϊ׹Լδܻŵȵһ졣
ϢڴǱ߻һ㹦͵ģ־ӴƺᱻڳǽʣҲ߻ᱻսܵͼйɱ
ǱȻģֱŵʱѡ·
ЩֵģڱĽ£ĺֶӮˡ
Ů㷿Ƕ
Ȼˣһ̣Լ
޵£Լ塣
ͼʳúõسȥÿ컹ᾡܵض߶һЩ
һգСηͼȴˡ
ɫĿʹ޵ض˺ðΣмһ仰
ǣҼţȥԶҵŮˣ
ѹеɻ䵭ؿ
ȥͼ׳Ϣ
ͼȴԸ˵ˣֻؿѹＤ
ĸյĺ̸Э顣
ΪƵһûּ̫ۻ۵أΪһʵӣǿĿġ
סǬɽס˶ƬϵҲȡʣƽ˵ķȫĸͱй塣
Ψ޷ӵŮˡ
ǱߺǿƣһҲ١
ǻˣǸĽڣͳͳܣҪ뷵д񣬷û̸ֱӱٳ¡
ܶĵж٣ЩʵжΪ˴ֻ֣
ĵŮˣӮˣĸҲӮˣ
ϾҪ׼εʽһεʡ
뿴Ϊ뿪ˡ


177 
Ƚʣ Ա븾Ȳʺϳ;Ⱥ
䭺˫һֱ
ַ棬 ǲԸЩ׸뿪ġ
ߣҲϣǰԱ ԼЩ·չ˻Щ˵ĳɱ
ԣͻصһʣһλֽ žǬɽԶǵƽ²롣
Ȼ ˣǲܴκβ·ϻҰҰˣ һûռݵֵĲ䣬 ܷȡԮ Լ¡
УЩеƽ˲ʿǣ Ҳʿ£ ԶԶͳ˳⡣
±˱һգΧǺһˡ
ǵһߵģ Լߣߵģ ˲š
ǣ ǰ кܶˣ ӣ 档
׺ݵֱ£ĵĿ־ǰš
ǲ֪ԼҪȥʲôȴòв롣
ˣҲ˷ʳȥսǰߵڻңֵзĹڵʲôôء
ľؾǰţ˻Ǻӣǰ˴Լʮ·ǹȻ
˲Ǻֻܶ࣬ǧˣȴԶԶܿĿ
Ǹ߸Ʈ죬ǴĹһĲ
ҵھڽˣֻϣӿδķϣҼһ·
ҵš
Ȼϵǣ˫Ȼûд
ʿ٣ǰȥĽ˵ЩʲôȻǼǰߡ
ʿתͷȥ
ºˣã֪Ǹʲô
ǱλʮͷĽ죬Խǰһ׶Ͳ棺
λףפެƽؽ鼳ʽǻ˴ѾȫˣֻҪӰţзԣкӹ
˶סˡ
һعŸ˲ΡΡʣ
Ĳɱ𣿡
齫ص
ģǿ£ֻҪطͲκ˸Ҵɱǡ
˵꣬֯ǼǰУʮӪء
ȷǵþˡ
ǣ
̫ˣǰȫˣ
Ժٵıɱˣ
Ⱥľ޴ϲá
˱һߣ
ȥȻעҪˣǲֵñߵİɡ
ΪҪڻҰձҰԹԵȴû뵽·ת
һСָŲԶЩɸߴƥŵľ峵
Աÿˡϰ峵ÿˡ
ֱ˰峵²ź֪ʶԭΪǲţǳ˳·
³־ģһůΧ
ӪأЩվȻʱ˾ӪһԶĵط
ʿʳҳЩܸɻ˰ࡣ
ڵʱÿ˶ֵһࡣ
ǳҲ䣬ֳԹ˿ˣͷ¶Ҳûʲô
ΪԱµ˻סձʡ
дͳһף۰һȦײļˣ߽ձʣ˵ǾҽΪҿġ
µƱжΪƣҪ⣬ţҧͬˡ
˵ʱĺʹʹ޲ҧԾɷ³ҩڶϾˣļһ
һЩƸصģҽЩʲôӪд׷⣬мˮ
Щû춼ˣ̧ȥʱ򣬷ǿЦġ
ǰصĸϣ˹ػȥĺˡ
ԼͼǣҪһЩ
µı˵ˣȻдƿµİգļֻҪţǾž۵һ졣
*
±̼ϣϻϵǵѪ뺹ˮᣬƣر۾
߽ĽŲһ۾һͼʱ˾һ
̨ʲô֪ˣұ֤ԺʲôһһΪЧңҰɣ
ȫ֪ʲô£ֻ֪뿪˳ǣһ·ͬи·
ÿפʱͼͻĥǿµʽ¡
ף֪Ķ˵ˡ
ʽ²ڣҲǰӰӾмֻ֪ҪװҩҪûȥ𣬸֪Ƕôġ
ͼһֱѶʣÿ϶ޱʹࡣ
ʹˣҲ
ѶĹУʱᱻ˰ͷˮϢĿ־壬κ˶һж£ԾûУֻϣͼ󷢴ȱŹ
˰벻κΰ취
Ѷֱ߹ͼ˼䡣
ͼӵضһ
Ĳ֪Ķˣ
Ů˱ûôЩѶǹ˳ޱȡ
ԼЩƵС˼˵ˣȴ˵ĶϢֻģɼѾեˡ
ԶԣĲ֪
æ
ͼ¶̵Ц⣺
ܺãһ㽻Ҳÿϧˡ
¶ʱ׻һŻع
ͼʲô˼
Ȼûܽʡ
¾岻ز²ţڶһ磬㱻ʮɵģƺƵĶĩβߡ
Զȥԭϵƽ̹һ۾ܿԶһ֧ǧ˹ģľԶԶأ׺ͼĶ档
һ߽ˣڿǾӴŻɫ졣
ľӣ
⣬Ĵƽʿһ͵ľߡ
Щƽǰһֱͼľ֮У֣һһߡ
ǰһֱͼʲôɲס
ֻ֪ԼҪ͵ˣʮ־֡
ΪӵǺг𰡣
ΪϮʱɻ֣ҲԸȴӾԮ
ͼˣǲܰ͸
˽
еֱص
̨ʵţȻҲ
˵ţԷͰγ˵ʾ塣
¶ʱͲ˵
߽ǱߵĶ飬ŷ˫ڽʡ
ǱƳЩȻۣȴŻˣ⣬бŵʿǧˡ
߽յ˸࣬ƺнʮˡЩ˱˴ɱˣְ֣ؾؾͰָǰߡ
ǧ˵ľҲ׾άס
һƤڵὫ죬µǰ˴˳š
ϸ¼ۣϵſмʯʨӡ
²֪ݣҲţʵʵشаҸ
ὫתͷԱߵ˷Ը
ȥ˵ȷʵͻˡ
Ȼָ
ϳ
ۼʿϳԴضæǸѾ׼뿪Ὣ캰
ȵȣȵȣҪҪҴ
ΣǰµҪƽʱתÿ졣
ղǽ˼䭾ڸעǷͻǲζûô⡣
֪ܷҩʹڣٷְиԽߵġ
ǸԽߵĻǲǾͲΪ߹׵ǺΪͬһʱŴ
Խ߲䭣£ͬĸãЩ飬ЩԹ߹ϾûȥףֻҪúϴԭ£˵Ҳ
ǰΪͼһƬ飬Ų䭺߹ﱰϥԭ£ô࣬㲻ôˡ
ֻҪԭƾõݣĸСûİɡ
ܽͻؾǾ͸ˡ
ƾƷ˽⣬»üӵ۵ĳ谮뿴أǸ߸ϵ
й¶䷽£ͼ˼⣬ûսϷãҲ˵ԼȲѣִ䷽
úܺãὫȴôʹ
æҪҪ£ֱ˵ɱΪת
ʲôҪ£֧֧˵ȻֻҪԸ˵
ὫҲ죬һۣƺ˼Ȼһ仰û˵ֱӴ뿪ˡ
ûǸˮĥЩ˵ݵơ
ҲΪǰڿԲȷϡ
ȻȷʵˣǱһҲҪæԼȥˡ
һλʮʣ֮ǰ˵ôˣʳ޶Ǵ⣬ֱӾͽڸѾɿճǵֳǳ
ЩǳʳԷŸǳԣЩĽñ԰Щչˡ
Ĺٻûйʱ縺ƣɲǸɵĻ
Уô޷һһ˲ݣҪֵļϸӡ
*
ֽ˵Ѿ͹ˡҪ
˵ȷʵǱҪȡʣΪ֪׵ƷǸء
Ѿƿ֮УûʲôҪĵˡ
Ȱ˺Ѻţٴá
Ըһ䣬Ǳ߽յʵ
ʣ˵һЩյ£Բô󲿶ȥա
ǰѾΣһ鼳˽յġ
ڶĽ
졣
ԼҪǴžػԶ̵ļأ塣
һ쳣ڻͼ
ԣԱϣҲ˭˭ִ֡
СӶһҲЩʱˣǰҲٳռĳǳأǲڳġ
ˣԱȽרעشһεʽ
Ǳߣа͹ԭؽ῵ȹؼʡ
ҲֺһЩзĴ塣
֮⣬˫вٵƽʿڶԷ
һʽҪǬɽʮһǳС
ڴƽ֮ͥǰȫעطͼĲʹ͵Ϯ
ȻҪڰȫʵǰ£شͼ⼸͸ˡ
ͼʮֽȫ̶ôıߣҵᡣ
λֻӪƽΪҪĿꡣ
*
ߴӳһ·ǰǬɽڼ䣬λڱ߸˷Ҳйע֮ս¡
ȻñƣҪעެƽսϣû뵽䭾Ȼðշֱȥֱȡͥ
ֽڽڰˣΪǽ鼳Ľһ³ȴû뵽Ŵ鼳Ͳˡ
׼ʲôûͷͷ˫Ȼʼˣ
˷ŽӵϢģʱͼѾżʮ˺ƺƵس˳ǡ
˷֪£ȴҲùǺ
ʲô˼̸ֺô£һ㶼û֪Ϸ򣡡
ϴԾܵӣжҲʮֲ
̵
ҿû
£ָ䭿ϸñӣ
Ҳû̸ֺѹ죡Ǳ̽£
˷ûзԡ
ͣսҪùģͱԼ
Ҫó͢׼Աʱ֧Ԯ


178 
ӵ۽ӵ˷ӣ Ѿˡ
̸ֺӵ۾ֱӰ۱ϣս֣ ǿѹֲ
гŷŭʹޣ һԼԸϵĿ־塣
ˣ
֣ͷǣҪһϷĽɽ
ҳӣ ŶԸ壬 ެƽƬûȴˣ֣
ⱰСˣ 
ݺݵغţ ȴôҲڸǲסĵ
µ ˵ָ䭣˱
ӵް㽹 ¶˾ġ
µ κν֮ģ뷢ȫԸȥ䭵ĽпܱסԼĻλ
£ ӵǧ˿ڣȥ δؾôױǴܡ
ڶϣ ӵβ볯ã ɫʮ㲡
⸱ݣ ֪Ȼǳ˴¡
Ȼ ӵһ˷Ӽӡ
ʱٳȻ
ôΣ֮¡
˲ԸṴ塣
Ҳ˾ʧ룺
˵Ҳףһ־ѾѶԸټһҴʿֵܵ
Щ˶ɻߵ۵
ĻӵĵڶݵľʧȴǵĴûᣬֵߣҳӣΣɽ𢣬˵ö֮
ӵ۰˵ķӦ۵ףѾ
ˣµĳɺͳ
ǳԵñ˶Ҫס
ȻӵѾ̱˰壬ɴȨգֹ˸˵
ӵ۳
ۣ㸸Ϊδã
ΪӵǽΪеģ˾֮Э
Ȼۿص
ѲŸ߷裬Ŀ޹ֵĹͣ͢ݣ֪жȻԽУϳټͣ
ĻӵĽϵʱһҲͬվ顣
˵ȻĹ¹У¹УȻ֮Բ£㷢ϭģ֮״˹֮
ӵ۴û˳۹
ȻҲ̰ģƫҪȻӣ
£ͬʱսֻ´֧ţʱܿĻաս˲ÿڶ֮ǰһ̸̸
ӵûصǽһۣʵ۵֣ҵվԵ
ô̸ȰۻĲҵ̸ɱ˵ģ˵ʱض
ǿеǰϥǹǾܽģ
˱ͨ죬˵
һЩĴߣҲ׷״ͷ
ǰ֣Ǻġ
ǿ˽ָǣָЩѫҺʿ
ϣû̸ıҪԣĿǰֻȫһ·
Ҫ̸ҲǴչֳ߸еֲпܡ
Դ˶ͬ飬ȫ֣ӵ۵ı㰲ࡣ
ѫҺʿѾ£͢ǰδеģʹʱܴȡʤҲסܾá
ӵҪ´ʥּٽΧٽļڳһֱĬκƽվ˳
£Ƿֹᣬ󣬲֤һ顣
ۺܲˣ
Ѳ󽫾ԩɣ
κƽƽ͵ضԼӵ۵
ǲ󽫾ǵᡣ
һ˵ǹɹעһ㱻ͣ
Ȳѣûս
һء
£κ˵»ز֤
ˣƬ׷׸顣
ӵ۸ոհ˵ģٴγȥ
䭵ǿ̫ˣ䣬ĺ䭶Կ׵ĸûˡ
ԼҲ䭿սζҪصĴۣضԴ
ãǱκԣȥ̽һ
ʹˣδ£ҲΪͷɢȥƣʵֲ̿
*
͵ΡǬɽǵҰԽԽ
£ͼ˫Ǭɽµһǳظ
Ǭɽܽһ˵вСķգռ˳ǳء
ͼĶ飬ҲԽǳغԶĵطʱפһ磬˫һʽ
ͼ߽һô۵ձʣձƶʱɰƥţɺܶˣܿ
һĨϸ浾ӰӳŮΪų㷢
ƺʲô£ʲô£µȪһγֲ
˻֣Ů£ͼڵ
һ磬Ҿͻһʽĸ
΢
ʹͼνʵĶôôֲܷˡ
ͼǰͻȻ˵ǷһͷˮĻ֪ԼܴܾյʽС
뼤ŭͼֻ䵭ص
벻룬ܾġ
ͼؿظİ
һҲĻᣬܺȡңҲǲȥ
Ƿ֣ȴûգֻվĿƽؿǰˣ
ܻȥΪȡ㡣ͼ㲻ˡҲˡһˣαҪϷŪҡ
Ϊ˻ȥϥϼ顣
кȥĸܵܡ
ͼЦһ
Ȼʲô㡣
ԣѾ֪ܻȥġ
ڳǩ̸ʱͬݵ˰Χ֮У̸̫Ȩ
ĸֵһЩ嶼ΪƻԼվ
һγͷβỊ̇˰ҪԼӣ
ͼԻ͵δʲôʱ˿̰Ұ
Լ޶Եģеĺһѽ˹׺ݺݵļҧȥ
ѹֵƺߣҲζ˿ڣ̧°ͣʹɫеĴʹ΢ƽһЩ
ǣ֪ûģҪסܵߣҲԶҵģһ죬һٰ
˰ݺݵص
˵꣬ɿִ߳ձʡ
żϻʹŵ˿ڣ˿
һӦǹˡ
ڶһ磬Ǳ˫֣һª
ǿһۣʶҲֻһ
ϵ˿ɻʹһ̣ζӳ¡
ĳϣǸмͼġ
й¶Ϣֱɱˣȴѡ齫˵ʳ
ҲЩ㷿ǵвӱûС
˵ġ
һԼҲ
ûнǷѪծٸһЩʱ䣬ǻĿԳΪ㲻ķޡ
û
Ѫ޷⡣
ǰһͬΪʱȥģѾݹᾣһϢȴڼŵİʿٴαüᶨ
*
վڼªĳ¥ϣܲһٶŴڣʮ
ʶ£ûɰ
ʶֵʿǣǵ飬ǽ֤ʣּϸ
˶ȫϣṩͻشĿԱָ˰˶Щ׼õˮ䭱
ӲΣǽ֮£ǬɽԶͼǬɽִͷˡ
ǵķܲҪϵͥĴǲŸס
죬һ·˳ؽͥЩи
һԽеʽʵð˺ܴյġ
ΪֻҪֺ˽֣û˳롣
ĽǬɽֻмʮַʱǽΧ
Ҳǰԭ
ǰȲǰȥȫ
Լ»û֪һٶʢһŶ̾ڣʵֻʣʮõġ
ƵӣͽͶѡ
׼սµʱ仹̫ˣ첻ôõڹܺڵ
ԣһֱָӵģûб˷ֶߡ
мɰһε壬Ǳͥͼıʶ
һٶŴڣʶеη塣
ԽʽӦǶʵ֤
ִҶġ
Ӯˡ
һӣƽػص˷̵ĳǳ
ˣˮ
䭷Ըױ
ôʱգûúϴ裬ڵ˰ȫĳҲúúϴһ»ˬ·ˣݸҲǷɡ
Ϊͻս£ĴϮһ£ָսЩۡ
ˮĿ񣬾ͷױ
͹˾ҽȥ
ۣùϵĻϴͷ˵
̾͹ȥ
λãСС;ͺ֣ðΣΪϢȻǾصġ
ΰӻʼڳŴһ·ûչֳ̫ػ
ʱȴС΢͹ǻˣ·ݻС
Ҳ֪ǲ·ϸ·Ӱ塣
ǰ˻ս˵Ůӻ·ݴˣΣգҽ˵ա
̫ЩҲôˡ
ⷽ⣬ó˵ľҽǿ϶õġ
ȥٸҸרƴС


179 
䭽פͥ ʱͥľӪסȽϼª¶޵ʱҪЩ
ǵʱסĲԶ û͵ˡ
䭵ʱ򣬾ҽտûã 䭴˹ΪѵϲɫϽӭ ˸
 СҪ
䭵˵ͷǾҽѹ
͹Сĸһ̥ҩС⡭⡭
΢ Ϊ岻 û뵽Ҫ
ǲǺӻشˡ⺢ӵݣ ҲĹǡ
аհȫذе̥ȥ
ҽ
̥·ݿɲССҴƱСĲƴ˵ δ ҽ֮ǰʲôģƽʱûٸ˿̥ҩ
еľҽΪһԭͷȫƴһֻó˵ĳŴ һԭͨˣѵ Ϊ˵Ļʿ
ȫƴٵģ Ȼδһ
ȥδٸ
δ򼱴ҴҸ ֽȥǰ Ȼػ Ե
󣬹е̥ˡʱǿжֻ̥һþ״ѪԺС£Щѱס
ǰЩ˼ңûټ·ݴ̥ߴѪ˵ġ
ͷĿǿãɵΣֻȰѷ˵
ԣѾδԺţȻԼȥǡ
ԭõĽ࣬ȴҲǼصģϸֻȻ˲٣ȴ˺ܶ࣬üĿҲЩɣǳǰڹŮǴͬ
֡
Щվ
ȻŹֵĲӢ¼ھʱȴûʲô顣ʽʱ˵仰ֻôΪȴо֮˲ҲС΢
һˣؽЩ
º͵صȻ˰ߵǲ̫Զλò¡
ЩŲ䭱ףԼ⼸̬ˡ˵̥Ҳйϵ
˶򷢳ȥȻ
ǣ˴󹦵ġұý㵱Ŵһ·ȴΪ䵭Ƿ
˽˵λֵ̬ȳϵº⣬İԼһ
Ͼһ֮ȴ˾ͷ
ˣֻһΪӦ£㲻ʲô͡
䭼ɽĵȻˣ͵
ǸĹ볯͢ĹϵӦҲ㲻̫׽ԭҪؾẦ㣬ļˡ
Ǿȵؿ
һǾȴֶ䵭ɣһҲû뵽˵ֱ׵Ļ
ȴ˶΢ɳڣ˵Ļǲ˵ġ
䭼
ǰ񷱶࣬һֱûü뷨Ҳ֪ؾǻǸһǡ
ؾǣұ˺ȥǣһӦ޶Ҹķӣһ볯ãҶ֧㡣
º͵ĿУǸܵ׽⣬΢ůֻôֶĺֳܿͣһ
仰ʱȫɻ
񡭡볯ã
Լˡ
߹ӡ󣬻֮ͣǰǸųСģ
ᵽã¶Ц⣬οͽ
ûǿĲ٣뻧ͬСС͵ǰҰѲ˰þ
ǵĴϻ¸ĹҵػʵǺ͵ģⷴӦһ
ˣĽҲŮӣԱŮӡ
ϣȫû뵽ڴֵĿŮӾȻҲΪ٣ֵ˼вٵŮӹԱ
ŮӣȻҲӵͬǰ̣
´СܳһʱǱ֧ŻкģȴҲӲ룬ΪŮӵԼһ볯Ϊ١
ѾˣһŮӣһ٣»ŮһΪЧ
ǾãԼǰδеļһȡ
ղ˵Ҳԣ
䭺ԥؿ϶
Ȼԣѧʶִϻ۹ңһʼµʱǿˡ
ǼؽСȭͷ
ԭΪԼ˴λعĸƹŷ˴˲ټĸ͵ܵһ棬Ҳǽ˿ĵġ
񣬴ָȻһŮӾܣһ㾭ĵطǱһͨĴţŷ￴һ⾰ҲĵĿ
ȥǣ֣²ҲЩõ£
Ѫӯļ䣬Ǽᶨ˵Լ뷨
⣬Ȼûˡ
͵Цǵ
Ǵˣǽٺúһ㸹̥ȥ
Ƕʱһˮͷϣȴ˴롣
ӵݣעǲġ
ҡȫְš
Ĳȴص
ǣĺӣֻܾδΪֳôѡز֧ľ
ǳüɢĿдŲ˼룬˵ø͸һЩ
еķգղӦˣҲܱ֤һʧһᾡܸõĴ򡣡
˾ڣҲ˻ΪѪ˵ҲˣҪǸϢЩҲ볯Ϊ٣ȡõǰ̡
еĻ̿ǣ͵Ļбƽ
֣ĲѪĸ̨
ΪУռڽɽһΪ⺢ӵҲһ
䭣һ˿ϸ΢顣
üͷûһ£Ŀʣᶨ
ĸǴ뿤Ӣۣǣ׶һŰֽҪĲǳ˵Ľ̵
ǳŮСͲֳ֪ʲôо
ɴʱ˿̣ȴ˰ģʲôһǿĺΪݻһǻ
ȫ˵δ
ǿ󣬷Ϊ룬ֳ졣
Ժ޹˼ɵԼѡ
䭵ķӦ顣
´Ӻ׵񣬲ΪӪС΢һֱֻܿԼվֻʮ꣬ͣҲ¶ͨ͸
ǿɿˣҵ˼ҳĺӣ̲ס˵ﻰ
֣˵ʵһʼֻͼɾҪӣ³֮Ͷ̥ȴΪµҷҡҺûô
ܸܵҲ֪ĸףŶҵ֡
䭲̫Ӹ飬ȴ
㻹᲻ġǾ̵Ҹ㰲ˡ
ڻص֮ǰֻ̥ҲǹǻؾӰ죬ѡ
Ӷ˵ʲôȫԶףΪ˵ġ
ãȴ
ҲɱȴҲ֪ĸסοҪ볯Ϊ٣ҲûôԹ˼
˿ʩչܵأںլֻĳ˵ĸס
⺢һȱ˸ףĸ׵ĹػҲȱ̫ˡ
Ŀãᶨ
֣͸ûкӵķ򸾣Լݣڸĸ˫ȫİﳤ󡣡
룬ǵͣĸȷʵ̫أ⵹ۺϿİ취ˡ
ãǾͰ˵İ졣
ϵĳȫɢҲ鲻ֿο˼䣬壬뿪
صԼסûãױǰ
ԭؽЩ죬һֱڰ


180 
ԭؽῡһͶ
䭶Դӡ̫á
֪Ͷ Ƿӵۣǳǧʿ
ǲǷκζȴΪ˽˶Թǿս
Ǻйη ⵽ͼѪѹİʿ˱ɱ
Щ˶ῶﲻˡ
 ˱Ͼǳ䭻ҪȥõϢ
ӪйѺ˵ 䭼ῡ
˾˵ʮ ȴĿɣͷ׷ʮ졣
ǰ ΡΡع˸
Ҳϻ ֱӿżɽʣ
ʲô͸Ͻ˵ɡ
еĲͣ ֪ȻԼʮ¿ɬѡ
ˣ һ֮˲
ûлͷ ֪Լشȴûص
Ѿֻܱϣס½
ﳼ֪أ ⡣ҶŴͷβ֪ﳼͶ֮£ִǺ ͳͼеʣ Ҳδ˺ÿһ̣ ҪǨŭ
ﳼЩʿ ҲﳼͶ֮٣ ΪﳼִǣﳼЮмУѲֵġˡǵУ
䭶ĻûʲôҲ䵭
ǷǹԻṫãֲ顣
Щ˵Ƿ˵޹Ҫ˾顣
῵飬䭿ûκμֵ
̾˿Լ˽ʱֻһﷸûκμֵȻҲû˵ķ
ﳼһ
ͼǰ˳ؾᣬﳼǴڷʿﰲϸڽбḱ֪¡ϣܶԿЩ
⻰ŽȤ
Ž²ʰϸͼˣҲ鱨Ӫ˻֡
Щƽʲôã˹ؼʱ̣ȴܷЧ
а취ϸȷʵܱܶ಻Ҫʧ
֪Ǹ֮ˣ޶ĳıӱѹͼ䭱
ıḱãĳͨˣƽػȥ
л
󣬸мߵס
ǧУٻܱסӣҲشһΨһļֵˡ
*
һ·ֲԭʱ˷Ҳ֪صõϢ
ִ˳ЩԾˡ
Ǻ̸ûرռĳҲһ׮Ͱ˭ָԺ̸
ңʲô˵𣬳ȻûˣȴҲ
Ҳζߵ
һһ죬ͱúΣˡ
ҳ˵Ŵͼȥԭʣ
ıޣִôȥص˾Ͳˣǳûެƽ볤
˷Լʵôֹۣ
УµĽǧ͵ֽסެƽûǵʵǰǾԲÿսˡ
˷˼Ը
־׽óһǷʲôǲ֪£ȥ
һõϢ˵
ԭ֪ʲôʱֱӴǣһ·ֺͥһִ壬ʮֱʹͼò̸ֱóֵİڽɽ
˵˱׸ɱʮ֮⣬ûκγǳؿס
ϢĳԼֲԭЩбܽõ˵
ĺܲԸţ
ֱǺ˵˵ôбɱʮ֮⣬ͥ޽òԭı߳ǲױƣ
µıָͶʯѧȥެƽһЩǳء
ͶʯͶʯԳǽ𺦻ܴɱҲǿͶҲɡ
ҷ˷ȴ
⴫ԲܿѨ硣ޱ׸ƾƵǺͥ
ǳأǳѹͼȷʵǩ˸ðڽɽĺ̸ֻ˵Ƴ˱׸ı
뵽˷ʱ²ѣѵԳӵ
Ķǰ˵ެƽǰȥǣȥˣĵԺ򲻿˳嶯
թˣôںô
Ǳضǹȥ򰡣
Ĵ˻
ͳ͢ϻһˣû͢ĵ̡ȶ֣ܲ
ĳ߶ʱͲ˵ˡ
ֻ֣·Ѳ˶󹦷¸졣
µǣǸƣܶס
ϾѾԶȫʵƿŵġ
Ǳֲԭֲԭı
ôһѾΧˣ
óۣ˷ʱȹϵϡ
͢ԮǰȻؾΣӣ
²˳٣Ҳ˲ǰ鱨ӵۻôָ͢Ӽ鼱Ǳߵ鱨֧͢Ԯ
*
˷ߵ㱨üӵ۸֪±䶯
¶עŴ£ƵصȴȷǷֹᡣ
ʹˣӵҲǵһ˷ӵġ
ӵݣӵ˴ľϰ춼ûж
˷˵̸ֺ棬̸ǰᣬȴѸײڶ֮ͥڶֹ塣
̸ɵĽֽļʮóǬɽԶֱǬɽ
䭡ӣôǿ
ӵҲ޷ˣԼսʤ䭵ĹԼϡ
ʷϣֻ»ᱻӳеһǴ
µĲ¾Ͱǰ
˷˵֮ѸٹͥΪƳʽ
ݴţɱףȴɱʮ֮⡣
㴫󣬴ۣҲûκγǳ뻤Ǻӿס
䭹뾩ǣֻʱ
ĻλҪסˣ
£߻
С̫
ӵʶ˵µ񣬳߻˭ܶĲأ
ӵȫ뵽ϵݹȥĺ
ȻȨգɳеĲǾԵġ
Ǹص档
֪ܴܿ򵽾ǣΪԱֻͶϵ̫㡣
ʹ֪ҪǵأھԵǿȨǰЩҲɻѡѱ
һĻλֻᶪø졣
£ֻ߻ܷ֮Բߵˡ

ʣôˣɫôѿ
߻һ͹еʵ
Դӵ޸˹ϵʱݣӸ顣
ӵۻˣӵݸ߻ӡ
߻ӿԤУӣҲɫҰס
ǰ뾡취˫ܾˡ
ʵ֤ӵ׵֣ǰҲɲһ
ʰ֣ߵռһɽݶʲôʱֻὫ׼͢
ǿ֮£ֻҪ˶೤ʱܴ򵽾ǡ
ʵĻλѾ᧿Σˣ
ֻڸʵСֽΣ
ѵҪȥҡβֻΪһ·һ
λģֻǸΪ˱İӣôܸĺֻһӵĽ¸׳Ƴ
սȭͷ߻Ѹ˾ϣ
ʣӲܹȥ
ҲǼӵ룬ԥͬ飬ص
뾩˵Զֽܹסǳ綼֪
߻Ӳص
˶㣬ţҵûκ㣡ʣҪϸ֪оսϸ֦ĩڡ
߻ӵķӦüӵ۽侲
ƿСҲ־ܣΪܾ֮ŵ
䭸ֺشƽԭȹҪʱʱ䣡
һҵ䭵İ취


181 
 Ȼʱûҵ䭵İ취ȴ˷﷢һõϢ
ʣ˷˵䭻дİʿк׹ ǲζţҲУ
ӵ۾һ
һʱ侹û ׵䷽ܰŪζŴҲ
Ȳ䭵 ȴǰһ޻֮
䭿²ͬ㽻
ǱȻģ ˭Ը⡣
߻ӵ
ҪȻǲֻҪǵ˽˳ȴİ취Ū ䷽õҲС
ӵǰһ ȷʵǸð취 ֻҪһЩ֣䭵ĳ ʹЩֶν͵
üˣͰ˵İ죡
Ҫʲô취ǣ ߻ӵ
ּɣΪ
ּղǿԴ̶ӽǵġ
ӵЩԸ
һȻֵܼߵġ
ǰΪµİӣӺĻŪȥ ҲȺ˿
䭵ǧŻõĿλֻ˸
䭳 ʵ۵˸ô 䭲ܴݵݣ ˳ļλߡ
߻Ȱ
ʣ еá ˶͢Ķӣʲôı
ӵ۱˵ˡ
о̶ʦ͢źʲôΪڹ͢
Ҳʱס䭵İ취
߻ӵĽ飬ӵĻο
߻ӹȻģǶı
ͬʱҲТ˳ģĸǸ̥Ҳֻ߻ӣȫȫΪ⸸룬ȫһ˽ĵġ
*
ͥ˵ֻʱͣȴҲкܶҪ
ǰõˣ
䭽ѯ
Ⱥ˼ʮΪʵİգһεެƽͳڶεͥ볤мһǣαʱͥ
ͥյһʮ
˶˿ڣȻǲȫٴس
һΪ·;ҪķѲʳȥ󣬳Ѿִ̣òӣٽ죬ҪЩ˵ʳסҲǸ⡣
һ棬䭸ϵˣҲҪ˿յء
ǱǨƵʱЩδռĲ䣬϶ֲ㣬װߵĲˡ
ЩռĳǳأʳҲһɹ۵Ŀ
ҪϵģʳҲҪո
ЩȻİǣ䭴ֱӰϣҲʡȥһ˿ǨƵĻѡ

ͥʳ֯ջˣûüɹ¹һ£ʯеġ
ǰ·ͥʱͷˣҲǻѡһʺϸֵؽֲģͥƽ̹вũ
һս£ͥƽ޷ոʳԼʹոļڣʳҲڵ
ڲô꣬˰ҲȻջٵʳ
ˣǰʣȷݺ󣬱֯Ȱʳո
ʯҲЩԽʳˡ䭶ջǱȽġ
Ͼǰģʡŵԣʮٲ챻
ȴԴ˲̫⣬Թ
Щ治ֵأֵĵطϿˣʳȴϡϡǷѹֵĶǰҲû֪զԡ
ԣ¶Ц⡣
øֵ֣ʳˣܶҪ̫ߡǶԭСԷ
ɫһϲ
СడǵǺö

Щȫˣһֿ֣ǵҲʱֲܲЩ
⣬䭻֪߽ɽ˵νϸߣֲʺֲ㶹һЩҩģǿԺúù滮
˵ʳոջ

ҵֻͷţǧƥ̫ƻˣߵʱţȫϵҰ⣬ҵЩҲ˲ʱ䡣
ͥҵΪͥĹģ˵̫ˡ
ޣʱҲֻˡ
ִʮҵİգ˲ݺ󣬱ͥǽаá
˷˳ֳɵʯݣʳȻ֯ǳȥ𣬸ݣΪĺ׼
ս񣬰գ䭸ֽŰǧԼʸެƽ
ĿǰެƽѾǵֵҪ˵ȻҪս塣
Ϊı߶ڻŴʮҲǴĿء
Щأ˵ӵѾ䭴ͨУϾûĿڴ
ڼӵر֮ǰͨǵĿأȻެƽΪ³ǣѻǴӪĲ
ҪռЩطĿǰԶԶġ
˴ΪԸ֣ܹ˰
ܱ˵Ѿռһϡ
ǣԭȵصıϱʮ֮šֻһɵάΰ
ֲԭϵҲ࣬ˣʣҲ١
ȻǱ߲ųոҪЩġ
䭸ԨǱʱϣǰֱ߾
һȥһпմڵģҲ֪᲻ʲôӡ
ʱҪ䲻⣬СĴֻͥܳ²ߡ
ûϢֻû⡣
*
䭻صެƽ鼳һʱǰӭӣ㱨ͷĹ
ջȥˣԭֻԹ±˳Ｏоסָ֯һެƽ볤˵ʱЩӦЩջ񡣡
δԸģ鼳֪䭶ũµӣÿһأֶ֯սи֡
鼳ռսĿǰ˿ڣ֪ʳȱڲС
ʹû䭵ķԸҲзֵعҲʦֱֱͨ֯ѡֲ֣ܵʳȱڡ
䭺⣬ȴҲ⡣
Ǹţ£ûñĵġ
Цſ޵
鼳˵ȴǴδйĸ߶´ϲȴܳȵص
ޣȫָ㣬µĽգ
ļۺ
ԺܺãѧԺźΪֵࡣ
鱨սţ鼳úܺãıһһģȫһҵΡ
䭾ãټֱӽ鼳ƿֵİڽɽ
鼳ˣ䭻İʾмѣҲ¶
һ
΢ƽ鼳ֻ㱨һ¡
ǰ䭴Ѷȥȡ˵ıḱ˶ЩΪʻĳݣѾˡ
ͨԱȣȷʵ˼ԱӪָʹͨʿС
ͼҪְ˳Կõı˱ᣬǺ׷ֶߡ
Ҳұ֤ûбİţЩ˻л£ĿǰҰǵţڳϻһƬȥи֡
ⰲţҲǷġ
ЩҲͬйǡ
½ӻЩˣһ·Ҳһֱû˵˩סÿ˵֣жߡ
ֽȱҲûЩ
úܺá
Ͽ鼳ֵ
Щ˵Ǿѵսʲµˣȴ±Ҫܺúܶ࣬һֱŲҲ˷ѣǲǻ취Ǳ
䭶ԴԼĹ滮Ե
ΪѱֱӸĴ˲ݣʱǱ͵ɽȥͨǵĹٵɡ
޽ٵؽЩѱЩֶֿˣָںεأ
ľӣͶķ
ΪˣҪҲõľԣǵѡǱвȣҲԭ¡


182 
ѱһֱۼެƽҲǳ֮ƣ 뾡ȥ·
·Ȼ·Ǽ縺ά·ְͨ
֮ǰ䭾бҪһ
Щֳɵķӡ
ڹͣ ѹ߷ø˶ġ
ţ ؾη֣ɱ㽫ЩͳƳ Ҫ׷Ϊʿ ʿ
鼳ԴţΪѵ
Щûмˣ ǵļˣ  ȫɱˡ
ľۣǵͷ­
˵ 鼳ͳ
ľۣ δȴĳ档
Щɱǣδԭ˵
ɱ ۣǳõ˵ֶΡ
ҲӲսֹӣ 꼰ƽ
῵һѣ ҳڼҹʿֵ£ Ҳţ ң
뵽£ гʹޱȣѹŭ
ڳ޽ʿĹ԰ǣ׹̵ʿ£ͬʿŹ´
ʱ𣬶ԹҲôġһӵʿ£ʿŹ´ͬʱҲ빩ʿλҪТ
䭲ЩȴĶ໨ЩǮ
Ƕߵο壬߿ġ
֮⣬ЩܷҲһ©
еѹߣǽݹߣҪǵһһʹϣҪһ׵˵
ǡ
鼳Ͻȥﱸ
֪ԼҿҪɱһ͵ġ
ôҪɱЩˣҪԷʲôҲˡ
*
ҪٰһʹᣬҪЩʱﱸġ
鼳дҲ٣ͳҲҪʱ䡣
ڴڼ䣬ެƽȴӭһȺ֮͡
г͢ղެƽ⣬˵Ǳּ
΢΢ü
ôʱˣӵӦ˵ֵĶǴʱ´ʥּʲô
ǣҪҪЩղǿġ
ެƽղӱضѾ;죬ʮפ֪£Ҫ΢עӰˡ
ϾźƽշЩפء
˲󣬱ǽɡ
Լҿ˵˸֣ױ֪εղ̬ҪЩġ
ǣεղĵصõ˴ǵĴ
̶ܹһˣ¡صĻ̧ʲôһ·Ľǣ̼
һ˱ެƽǰȻͱסȥ·
ſڵǿ⻪̶˿һгìһܣסǣǳ
ղЯʮ븮
δּ¹֣ҵĽͳ죬ʮ֣꣬Դӳ̫ʦһҵ£Ǽλ󣬱һֱ⡣
żӵ۽еζҲʮԵãȴû뵽һެƽͽ
ڳſӭղ˸ǰҲ׼̶븮ǰ
֣аޣ뵽ӵίеΣҲֻѹ¡
߽Уӭããûӭ˼
ּ⣡
֣վ£״һ˵ҲӲġ
һ⻰û̿¹ּˣȴɰ˷粻Ҳģ
Ŷּɡ
֣ŭգȴҷ
ĵλȻǴպգռµ൱ˣο͢
ڶԷĵ붶磬Լ̫
εʹҲһ̵ġ
ǣ䭱˼ӵ۲Ϊʥּ
ʥּ˵ƽйΪҲΪǣԭ
ʥּߵױһЦ
䭺ؿһۣ𱸵
Цʲôղվء
ױŵӵ
ؿСľЦǶһ٣ԭĸǿģҪ⣿Ǻ˼ộֱּһĲֵ
䭵
Ҳô˵ӡǴģֵǮ
˵ţӡ
ʥּ֣˰Ҳû˽ӡ
֣յͨ죬ȴҷһָĻеŭȴҪ˶ˡ
֣ղȻѾּ⣬Щȥ򸸻ʸɡ䭷ԸûҪ¶ԷЪϢ˼
֣뵽ӵ۽̾ߣŬѹϵ߷ߣ˲͵
£һ·۳Ͷ٣ЩʣʿҲƣڳд͸֮óʿЪϢա
Ŀ΢ɫȴ˿䣬ǰǸĲ˷İģ
ҲֿģˣǱЪϢհɡ
˵ţʲô
ЪϢЪϢսҳֻ»ּϸ֣ղҪԼ˲Ҫ߶и˱Ҳǲġ
֣еҽţȴɳڸм֮ɫ
л
ղһ˱Ѻȥݣ鼳վ
¿һ˸Ǻ֣ձҪнʹᣬڳл᲻᲻ף
űõʥּʶȤûĿڽ
Ȼģǿ;߱һʵֺᳯ͢ʵĲ⡣
¶Ǹƺ˿ǵϲĸʱԸĿڡ
ֱ壬һ˿ղŵ֮ɫ
޷š֣ŭȴԸɣֻͼСݵĿҪɣ˺ǵҪʲô
Ȼеûƽ޹ղǰڼӡ
ֻǾüӵ۵ּԲģ̬֪ӳָ͢ӵǲͬʱҲЩٵղϳȥѡ
һ£ղӳ͢ķֻº޲ּϽ·ڳо֣ղȴҪЪϢգбĴ㡣
ӵ۴ط֣˷Ƥӵ£ǾҪʲô
*
䭵£֣һ˱ϼӿء
֣һʼżһ̶Ӷǳصģܿҵݿص
賿֮ʱݿиʱ
¸֪֣֣ϽõĻȥ֮̽
һУȻǺޱش䭶С
һ˵ĿĶʱȻ
Ϊ׵䷽
㱨Ϣ鼳ҲģԵǵ
ֻ³͢᲻ϧһд۾ȻĲУҲһĿҪҪģǲþܾ
ϾǺ׹ΪƽԶ޵ģ񱻾Ȼأͻؾ븸ĸžۡ
˵⻰Լҿûбʾ鼳ҧҧ˵úֱף
ֻҪţ׵䷽й¶ڳ͢ķա
䭲ص
⵹뵣ģҲûպûˡʹϣѹｫڴն
д鼳㵡
˾ȣ䭲⡣
鼳ͷʵ
ϧ񣬶öݡھҲм飬»ΪʲôῴŮõķϣ⿪
ϧ
ȫû뵽»
תһ룬ǲΪŮƽȣŴŮӣŮӵλǻôô
ͳη¡
Ц⣬ص
鼳ŮӸߵĴ͵λΪǵֵãⲢζţŮӷݡ
йй¶䷽ûףµɱΰŮǱûǶŮ봦̣
鼳еĵǶʱһɨգ
Ӣ°׵ˣ
ԭ֪УȫûˡǸĵĺϢ
㲻õΣˡ
ʱҪֹЩˣǹǽ
䭷Ը
Կ϶ڱȳȥ֮ǰ̰Ǿй¶䷽ģҲ֣ȥ˽Ӵ
ǡ
鼳¶ЦݣӦˬ죬Ҳܳ졣
֣һ˷ǮΪܾȳȴ벻ٹգҪ̴նˡ
Ҫʬ嵹ǿԸǣҲȾ˿ء


183 
ȴ˵± һʼõû㲻
ûῸһѺͥʱסӣ ÿճԺͶΨһõľûɻĿռ䡣
˿ Ӷȥ
·ʱҲһ
ڻúö˵ίʵǸСĥ
ͼСѺӳȥ ʶˣ Ʋѡ
ˣµľһѾôô򷢡
ÿαץס صĿⶼҪӡ
ԭΪǷҪ䭷Źｨ裬 ʮ죬 ûܼ䭣µıԽԽ٣ еĵҲԽԽ͡
δ˿̰ʶ 䭵ĵλ췭ظĸı䡣
ǫĴ磬µõӵۿأóã ҲҪǨ˳ӡ
񣬺ƺƵľӶ ʮҲֻܱ΢¡
ڸ Ҳͼ ȴټ
ǵų
ڻʹ ӵĴڡ
ٹ壬 ĸ˭ֻܼܿӵ۵ϲú顣˭ܼĪҡ
ʮʱ䣬ûټ֤Լеĵλ
ʶ£Ҳֻпڷԣ͸Щ乬һ
ԭӣֶþ̱ĥѾ࣬˵޵ġ
ȫõ˱ϣҪλ
û뵽صެƽ㼱תֱ£ֱӱؽһΡ
谵ʪһʲôûУһƽȥͿһֻ˳ȥ
¼У
Ƿ𣬾ȻҴҳȥ
ľͶϲ鷳¾ͷֻǰھв踾Ĺ涨ûжִ
Ҫ˵񣬼֣ɳԼ
㲻ҪˣصΡ
׹ߣҲ˵ǰİŲģ󣬾Ӧñصη
Ǻ˵ǿãǴĹôң
Ȼô֣û
ǰһ󺰴УǸԽߵв䭻ǸԽ˵¡
Ѿ̵ᵽ䭵Ȩ˵Լ֪ܣȻֻԭ׼ɱҲɱڡ
˺һӣΪ˿أֻһ˵ʱͻȻڴŲ
𣿡
ӦģһЩ
ȥ𣿹Ҹ취
ηм䣬ŵִľͷľǲһ
´յмԱߣ
̫ˣء
䣬оԼĲӱ˺ݺסҧгݵ
취
ӾʹϢĸо˲Ϯƴȣ
ȡ
Һѣʱȥž¡
´ںʿڵ˷һҪ߳
ɱ˳Ӷӣ䵽⾳أƾʲôúûţ
Ҫɱ
Ŵӻ谵Ĺ￴ڷİ׷ߣῡ
جΰĴڡ
ǲסҹɱҵģҳȥ
Ͻ
ȴû
ֻŲǼηԶĵطţԼһš
῿µӣħشЦ
νĵ۹ô̰޵ߣôˣ
ЦˣѾ޹ȣһ̵ֻ̰ص
ôԶΪԼܶ𣿡
սս̧ͷ
ʲô˼
ῳص
ѹ١
ǱȻᱻģǰ²ɱˣҲҪֲ̿ա
лǰܰ˺һбĻᣡ
ѹ
䷽֪֣ɲǱ˴ôĻѹﴦ
»
áǴĹɱҡ
ǺǺǺǣܣ²¿ΪʲôϷһ𣿡
ɪɪΪͬԹһ
ҲšҲҪ
һоı֣ڸİѹ̷
ûһ˿һ֣ǰΪǹóԺúȵסţһͰ̷η
ζܣʱ䣬ÿ춼ԼܻᱻͷٵĿ־С
Ŀ־壬ֱ֣ҹ΢ɢ
ƺͨ˿أ˹
Ǳġ
´ϲϽ˹
ߣ
ȴҪ׵䷽Ȼǲϸġ
ɲɵ䷽Ψһļֵ˭֪˵˺Щ˻ϲϾ
Ҫصǲſ˵䷽ӪȵҲûа취
ֻ˵취Ӫʱϼɡ
ģµ
Ŀ־ȫɢˣг˶δΡ
ӵۿϾƾһ֮ôɹġ
ֻҪصǣƾ֪䷽ٴγΪ߸ϵ
˴ӵ۵氮Ϊɽˣ飬ӵ۾Ϳ϶ԭ
Ŷδڴ¹øⰲġ
Ȼǵûȥ̼ڵΰǵ͵
ΏΪˣȻҲûнҷ
ల¡
磬ηűˣż˵Ҫһˡ
ҵ𣿡
ϲʵ
һۣһڵ
ԣģһ㡣
˳ӵöԷ˼Ȼͱס͡
ڶԷĴֱȴſҪͨαװͳȥҲûз
˵Σ˾Υߣ̵þ۾
عʱԼһ;ʿرء
͵һǻ᳡һĵطֻǰкܶ˾ۼ̨£ĸߴǹ֣ʱƴ
ôٶۣҲڻˡ

ͼȴΪ죬ʲôҲ˵
ⳡ棬ȻٰĽʹᡣ
һΣΪ˱ֻңھӪеģûͨΧۡ
Ϊղ֣Ҳ˹
˵ҪδǱץͽ˼ǳ͢ղҲ֤
ǣǹһ㣬˸̨棬ѵ
ǵģƺѵ
߾ȴǱʿϽ˻᳡
жûб˵ʿ˵Ƿˡ
װݵվ˸̨ϣͷѻȸ
ɨȫϵؿڵ
ǴлѾЩˣȴԴ²һǣǲǺɻ󣬺ܲǱվ͸ԭ򣡡
Ϊǲµı
̨µʿ𾪵̧ͷ

µıԵо֣սһһ䣬Ҳһãǣȴֵ߹ѹգǹĳǳأ
ʿصͷ
˵ûЩȷʵµʿ
пԣҲȷʵ˽ֵ߹
ؾȫث֣ؾ֮ҲӢۡʹǣҲ겻ŴļηΪ֮Ϊ֮ȫұţ
ڴڳпʿˣ׷ΪʿӢ۱᳤ʿĹ԰룡Ůǹ̻ģʿŹ´ɿ
Ӣۣ٣̣
Ļ쳹ȫ˶ЩֶӢȻ𾴡
˶ǰֻҪع˿ʧˣҲӢֵۣ𾴡
ֻͶϥǲǿɳܵģ
ǣЮвЧ֣㲻ΪǽΪӴ·άǷǷǲ

µĳؾ
ʲôģǱͷ˴ǻžѾǶͣôܻ
ܺáǴӴ˱Ǳµʮʮ˾
ǣ
˾ɫ΢Щ
£˴һӵﷸǷһ꣬߿ΪӴ˸ͣͬλӴ£ѵ
Щĳؾˡ
ԭҪһûгͷ֮գֻҪǱ죬Ժйǰ̵ġ
л
ߵףóϷ¼ȥܷȴһ㶼ԹޣֻúȻȡԶǰ̡
̨֣£ۿշ˺üؾ͢ı߾Լɵսȭͷ
ǺֶΣҲҰİ
ղ͸ҹȻ˵˵͢ı߾ʮ嵽ʮ˾ɼһ㶼ûղͳ͢
ⲻܸ¡
ٷŭҲֻǿѹ
Ǿȳõ䷽
µأӦѾȥˡ
Ҹ˳ǣ죬󹦸ɡ
Իֶշ˾ӣ䭽ҪģȻɱӺ
ǱЮģԽ׶ģ
Ŀ纮˪ЩѹߵУ
ԭؽΌ֣ʹݣ£й¶ľ䷽ôףɱﲻ⣬նЧȣ
նڳ˶ɵɫһס
նףֱӱˣȻ£ȴ̫ʹࡣ
նȴܶնٵܻϢܻһ̣ڿµľʹ־ȥ
䭼̨µĳؾ¶־ɫ֪ȷʵ˸õá
鼳Ľ顣
ΪȻҪɱӺ㲻ֱնף̫ɣԽ˺¡
ѹҪڴǧҲӦõġŮӣҲǿпԭҲٸն
䭱ͲʲôĴ֮ˣԭؽ̶սһҲʬɽѪֺοֻǰն׸Ϊն
Ȼ鼳˵еȻǻɵġ
˶úÿѹߵ³
ˣѹط´
̱رȥѺ̨µ
̨ϣҲ̵̧ա
ºῶѺ
֪Լﲻ⣬ֱ˳ӵȻȣŽͼһԼ
µղȻԶȴΪֳ䭵Ļú
˶Ҫŷˡ
֣ΪʲôǰѺ̳
ҪɱҪն̣
նûȴЩըصߣѪʹధҪܾò
ҲҪҪôʹȥ˭Ⱦʡĸǰİְ衭֪ˡȾ
뺰УȣȴΪʲô˵ֻԼϵ̨ϡ
ų̂ͱŵʧȽŷû˭˵Щֻˡ
ȻôȴȽŷûУֱӱ㱻Ѻաϡ
ء
䭣ġ
վ߰˲Զûһ˿һĶݡ
̨µ²ؼŵ֣˲Ծ
ԭţãǡɸղűϹģҵ
⵽ô£
ס֣
ͼֹ
Աµıذס˲ϣ
ס֣ǿ谮Ĺ㲻ɱ
Ͻ
ԲǾò䷽ˣ
Ŀ¶
谮ĹͶ޺յĻɫ
˵Ŀⶼˣ֣Ŀŭָ
֣пһ£Ĩ˱µ
Ҫͣȴ
ҪȴᣡκһͶң⣡
̣
һ֣߷աȥ


184 
ڿµľʹĥУ ˺üӣŽûϢŶԹ޲ʱ۾
䭴ʱ˷ſ֣ Ϊȵص
֣ղǧټƽҲҪ뿪ô㣬 Դˡ
֣￴һѾûϢʬ壬һƨڵϣ˫ȷ
Ƕնе־壬 ǿ־Լûɼӵ۽ ־û䷽ϣѾϾ
˺һȥʬ
ûػˣҲû䷽ ֻȥ
ʬ Ҳެƽͣ Ͻ˳˳ǣֻЩ߲ˡ
ʹˣ ӵ۰ ϸ⣬оҲвֶߡ
û죬㴫ެƽǡ
ȥǵˣϲ ׷׹ظмִΪǱ
ЩʹļҾǣ ԹҲͬܡ
һ õ谮 ЩƽҪֱ졣
ⲻ ӵ ֪ʲôλصĹߣɼûѳ
ĵ˭ӵ
ûĶԱȣҲֻűˡ
ӢΪͳǰǾǵĻʵۻܣӰϣֱ͸ˡ
е߳ģλ͡
˶Ȼôá
*
ٰ콱ʹᣬնˡ
ŮҴ߽
ΪĽֵõ˾ĵչˣ˵ո·ŰҲ࣬üĿҲչࡣ
⻰һʼܾȣ漴ͻˡ
ˣΪݾģζԵЩİա
µ³һ㶼ͬ鲻
˵ղܼӵ֮ͼӪЩġ
ҵȥ֡
˼۷ˣдš
סھӪΪŮӲңóȻǰȥҲܴ
յţϵÿˣؽ̽
⼸Σ
һʺ
ǵ
ҹżڣͦõġǰ̫ˣЩȤֿʲôܷǵģ
Щ죬ΪʱŮֻר̥ȴû뵽ǻΪ¿еġ
ҲǸ־Ĺȫ԰ŮӶԴ
˼Ƭ̣
Ҽǵ廰˵ûд𣿡
ΪйŮԭͲѧţѧֵģҪףصؼǿ˿ϰ˵ͨûһë
ܶдûԼ
䭱
ЩȰҷԭ֡
Щֵլۡݡ
ĹͨԵĲ࣬ܶдĶɵȥˡ
鱨Ӫ˵ĵǲ٣˵ĲһдҪϵͳԵػأҲûô²ֻԭݡ
ҲĹѧֻ֣˰Щڷ
ҪĲȫ빤˷ֵȷʵЧʸһЩ
ãллԸң
ǺܸܰЩʲô
Ҳ㣬ΪοǸϽС
һߣҲҪ̫ˣУҪ

ǵͷӦǰĵ£
ǰ͵ţ𣿡
䭵
ģ˵֣нӴȴûй¶䷽ҵȫ̶һŵġ
˿
Ǳá
˽ǲϣ͢вֵġ
أֶòʺ¹
ǰ´û뵽£͹ִµȫԡ
ССǲ£䭶
㻹ᣬºӣкܳʱԾҪľ壬Ҫ󿿡
һ£ֵ
ҪȥǣҪд鱨ƽ
һ漴˫ĿЩ
𣿲ỵĴ£
֪ԭдˣֻ˼ɣûᡣ
֪мµĹǣº͵
ûϵŲ˳¡
ǣԺʲôʵò׼Ҳֱң˼̫ࡣҪǲ˵Ҵ֦ҶҲδ뵽𣿡
ͷ
ֶܸܴݣǰȷʵ̫ˡŲܸ鷳Ҫ˼չ鷳
֪ˣԺҪʲôֱӸ
*
֣ղ飬ɵǵ鱨Ա߻ǰŵﾩǵġ
֣˵ǳ͢ղȴҪƹ䭵ĵ̣ʹվȫ֧ţҲг̡
䭵˵һȴֱǣһ·ͬվϵͳֱеɽز·ȥǵģ·̷ҪЩ
ȴ˵֣ؾֱӱȥӵۡ
ӵ۵˶ʮյϢļ٣һ˵֣ˣϽ߻һӼ֣
֣һ·糾ͣ㲲һӵ۱ͨڵأ
ˡδɱУ
ӵ۵ģʱͳȥֻ֧˵ľ񶼿һ㡣
òף䭱޻֮
ѵֻص䭹ǣ
߻ӣ彡׳ҲƴԻ׷˴µϸڣԼެƽš
֣߻Ȱοӵۣ
ʣȲҪģδûת
ӵĺؿһۣ
òףʲôת
߻нƶĹâ
ǧգǵת
ӵƺûȤ߻԰˵øһЩ
ʣǰҪ˺ܶоսľ鱨ô֣˵Ѿȫȷ䭵ߡ
ߣ޼᲻ݣʲôߣӵۻǲ̫š
߻٩٩̸
߱µƽգʣ֪Ƿ񷢾ÿһζԵսڱоľū潻档³ǳأưþū
һҲǣѾͼγɺΧ֮ƣץֺڶֹ壬ΪҪ뿪֣˴˷̽ϢЩֵĹؼԭϵĲҲ˲١ô࣬Ϊʲô
ӵ۽Ļע
԰䭵ʱռƣȺΧ˳ڶԭһ֧ȻٶƣΪҪ뿪
ǣƴֵĿԼĵ̣ΪʲôҪԼô
ѵΪеЩƽգ
߻¶Ц
ûΧ֮սıضǾūҪִʹϵǰߵĴգ
ԣ֣ǲҴ򣡡
֣˵İճͰأλͼĴ
ӵóıƣﻹе˼ԼĻᣬʱ˶
ʶĶӣ
߻ӡ
ʹûôմǧİգǾʵĳǽ
ĴֻҪոϵǰߣպʿһͲ֡
ʹңҲһɱյĶ
ңʹںɱ°ɱˣͳ˭ȥ
ԣǧգٵ䭹ĳǳء
ֻҪס˽ɽԺ쳤վãͲûзΪʤĻᡣ
ӵֻѹͷĴɽȻ


185 
ͨѶĴʱ ǧԶϢѼʱʹ
ˣ䭲֪ ֺһʱ˳룬 Ӷ˱ֲԭϵĲ䡣
ҵĲ䣬λڱ߾Ķ벿䡣
ΪˮԴƣһֻһ˵С䡣
ԭ붬磬 ʱĶ벿丽Ѿʺٷ Ǳţɼʳס˳
ԭӦǸƽ͵Ķ졣
벿ǣԭԸϱߵĴ䣬ǰΪ翹 ڹǵ֯˾ӵµľӣ սܺ ΪͷЩ˱ǨƵ߸Ĳ䣬 Ϊꡣ
˵˲Ʋ Ҫö벿˵ʵòô⡣
ǵĹû𣬶ǷɼʳͲϣ ȴûвٴǣҲᶯüȥɻ̡
ǰǵԭ ʱڲΧѲӣ ȴǵж ǵвƲ¿ɺ Ҳӡ
Ȼ Ϊ˸¿ɺϸĹƷԱָƽݣҲûɱţ򣬳Ƥԡ
ԭǴӲ۸ǣʱ˻ߺȥˮĵذæˮͻȥ
ȵǳصʱǱһõ˺ͺӣǱ˯ڸѵĵط
Լԭ̬ȣظƽЩеĿ־壬ǰڴŻָƽݣӵԼƲһ졣
Ȼһϱˡ
һʯͨͶʯݺݵ˲ǽϣֱӾͰǽһ顣
еϮ
ǽֵҹԭ
ʾ
ǷļʮʿѸϳǽѾɿĵо
±ȱһֻ˵С䣬ֻܹʮΰԭҲֻбʯĳǽͻȻٳµĵоЩѾ
ȥȼ̨ͷһôѹ
ԣȼ̨򸽽פԮ
߾Ǿ۾ӵĲֻΰҪǼڱ޽Ҫ
Ϊ˷ܴڵĵˣÿʮһ̨ģֻҪȼ̨Ϣ֪ͨȥٰʮפ֪ܵϮ
ȻҲ֪̫ùǵоΪ֮Ǹȥŵʿճ嵽̨̨㱻һʯУשʯṹĽʱҵķѡ
ͷ̨һˣ
ԮϣϾͷòİ취
̴ųȥ򸽽ķ̨ţ
֯ųˡ
û취ֻǸάΰģܹʮˣûףҲûͶʯĳǽס˵Ͷʯ
سǽֻνųǽֵܵһϽߣסͲҵפٷ
еϮ̴ų룡
һɱǵľ۾Ӵš
ǰҹѣȴûбԹΪ֪Ҳֹһγ֡
ҪϴƷ룬ܱסͲƲ
Ʒûеģÿһȴϰٵ
˻Ѹٵţȥ
û뵽̫Сĳǳض˰Χˡ
ܳȥŵܳûþͱɱ
ͼǣҲȫ»˳С
ߵĵоҲܿ칥
ʱ΢ǳΰԭڿ˵˵ģ
Щ߱Ŀ飬ȫͬˡ
Щߴعֽųǳ
ͷŽеʮ¸󣬴ʱԼĵˣսеĵ
ǣЩ񽻸ǣǾҪȫǰȫˣܸؾˣ
ǣ
ʿȻҲ£ȴμԼְʹͬţŵӢµǰȥ
ԼΪǽɱܵʱ䣬Ϊȡʱ䡣
սһӣߵͬһһص¡ǵͲСȴѺ󱳽˴ˣӢµսš
ܵǣĸͷüͷ壬󺰣
ܰʲô
ǸͷıֺҲص
ű˰ΧˣһɱУ
˵ţҲɱֵĵ˳ȥ
ãһɱУ
һ̣廹ԭĶֻһ뷨ǾǴߡ
ȻЩܷĲǰһս׳ʣ޼ʹȫһҲٶˡ
ǲǾѵʿսȲԭǧĵоҲδ̫ܵá
ʿԭʿһһص£ֻʣ˵ĸͷ
ͬûԼ󵶾ͳŵоȥ
ֻϧûпо㱻һ¡
ʱ⣬ǲʵ۾Ϸ
ǹķҲ붦´ڵķ
󽫾ʧˣûйؾʹ
*
ٿż˵ʿüͷ壬
ûиңôһССĳǰʧİٶսʿ
ԶЩϻԼţ򣬰ɫ۾͸̰ϲĹâ
ȻǰＸûʲô׳ˣŮ˺ܶ࣬ׯ԰ЩŮūһݹᾡ
ЩŮūҲǮ
սʿǣջʱˣܴߵĶؼȥɣ
һ£ɳǱسȺȥһӶʢ硣
˵иڣҲûڶ벿׳˺ŮˣȳָߵĺӡȫͲﴢʳԼůƤëȣһƵʧ˲ԭصɳڡ
ԭ͵Ķ벿䣬̫ʱֻʣصʬһȺˣԼʮСĺӣܹǧˡ
űϴһյĲ䣬̲סؿ޳
ϾǶˣȴʲôҲûˣô¿ɺϹôȥ
˶֪ʱһǵվ˳
ܽκ⣡Ҫúô졣
˽иǣȻǹ壬ȴƾɫĴԾһЩҩ֪ʶĲ»ֲҲ𾴡
ʲôûˣһȺõˣô찡
԰ЩʣµˣϵϣССǶˣԸǣ
ֻᶳҰǳԵ
иǻǵ۾ߺһſڵ
ȥߣ¿ɺפǻǣ
ĻٵɫĿ˶Ҫǡ
˶ûʲôġ
Щ˲ͺܴˣǺСĺӣܸɵĻ»ûǳԵĶֵǮ˭ԸⱾ
ͬĲ䣬ôģο¿ɺľӶ塣
ǻиõİ취𣿡
иǷʵ
˳ĬһСվ
Ҿиүү˵ûֻ¿ɺľӿܰǣЩǰұˮղҲƴǣǵıߣ
һ룬¿ɺľƽʱȷʵӣСŴ˵Ŀȥ


186 
иǵڲԭ˰죬 ҵǸʮķ̨
֮˷ôʱ䣬ҪǸ֪פֻƾӡߣ һʼߴ˷ټСȽŶûκƥ г̡
ǵ̨ʱ춼ˣ̨ʿէȻǫ̂ Щţ һȥ쿴ȴȫǰ׷ԲԵ˺ͺСĺӡ
иҲԷᣬ߽ иǾͶ
£ £
˺ȫڵϣ ̬ʮѱ
˼ңʲôʲôˣ
˵ԭ иǻἸԭ Ȼ˵Ĺؼ
ɫĿˣ򣬲䡣ʳֻʣ˺ӡ
󾪡
ҲûΪʲôûţ Ͻص̨֪ͬ顣
ֵֻ̨ܹĸܾô£ Ͻȼ̣ פš
ݣ ϢڵŴݵҪɣ
ֱ߾ֻı ÿ̨Ҫֵ ҲҪΰֲÿҪıҲࡣ˵פʵÿҪҲֻӪı
иƺ˵ϮǸյţ
ĸɣԭؾһλӪָʹѦһʮˣȻͲСƢȴܼ⻰²
еϮð̿ɴˣ
ֱ𣬴ƶƽȣֱ߽һ£ȴ̿ɴ򣬽Ѧúû
¿ˡ
ȥɣ㱨
еϮĩǧս
ĸɣڶʮͷӪϣΪս׿һ·Ӷӳƽֺ󣬳ΪפһҪؽ
ǰ콫˸ݵľȴЩˣΪľ¾ҳִ֡
ԣֻһӪѦӪѦǵʾԼС
ϮеҲ
Դӿһͳԭ߾һֱʮְĵϮ
ı
ųɳ̽
ǧҪػı߽ߣҪ֮
Ȼǵ˵ĵɽ֮ƣŽɵߣ߱Ϯʱȫѻ
ڶ磬Զ߷̨Ĵǰŵ˸ɣ
˳֪Բﶼûֵټ
֪߱Ȼ˶߸ϸϢָϽ˽
ߵ׳ʲô£
ǴʹߣǶ벿丽̨ʿ
֮ԸϵɣţΪ⡣
÷̨ϢҲ֪벿Ϯϵ˸̨ѯǷл˵廰ˡ
廰ڱ߾˵İѧϰķŨΪҶ֪ʮ飬ǿתΪְġ
ʱֿɲ٣˭ֵ֪ܷܲԭشء
ⱱֲԭ˿ڻСԭռȸࡣ
ʱ򣬷ֲֵԭĿҲܴ󰡡ܲܶҪչͱ򽻵ˣ˵Լ廰ɡǿɾͱˡ
Լѧ϶ûġ
ΪľһС֪ȾϽĵʿѧ廰
븽Ǹ̨ʿҲãûҶԶҵһ廰ˮƽֵʿϽ˽벿Щ䭸
껰Ǿ˸˿ӱ޵ɣš
ԣǴӱɫĿˣ˶еĲ׳񣿡ȷϵ
ûʣһȺ˺ͺӣԺȶûУҲ֪ô졣
һԵѦ̵
һȺӣȥ
ؾһЩ˶ĵǺǿҵġȻѦ֮һ
ҲǿԭؾĶؾԭ
ֽǰ͸ЩؽҪͳαֲԭͱġ
ҪЩƽ񿴵ʰᵽͳεĺôؼȫЩؾϡ
ֱӽӴˣ̬ȣġԣദʱҪעִ硣
ֻҪǲңͱ뽫Ҳԭһ
Ҳǿ˼
һ·ۼ֤һҲδƿأͼʵߡ
ǰԸ˼빤ǽɱʿʱȫ̽ܵһˣȻҲҪ᳹׵ġ
ѦĻʱõü
ѦǰʲôˣȻڿ£ǿͨաΪˣ͸ñǣ
Ѧ¶̵ı飺
ѵ˼ǻҪԴԭһǷʳúðǣ
û
ѦĿ߿
Ҫפʳ˳ԣҲ
̬ȣ֪ð˼š
ȻӴֱάϵΰģǿµʿЩؾԺҲиӴ
ǻ˿Ĵ¡
뵽ıʮ
Ѧ˵ֻҪƬԭڣɱ˱֣Ҳ᲻ϳһԭսð취ںϣƬԭϵˣ׽ԭԭ
ΪսʤΪԺԭˣʱ͸սʤߵػӦǿͷ⣬ǲڿһ𳹵ռƬԭ
Ǵ̵ĿĲɱˣõ̫ƽ𣿡
̵Ŀģõ̫ƽ
⻰Ѧסˡ
δ̵ĵ⻰δҲĳ
жŮˣԼĶŮҲս
ԱӺһЩ̫ƽĲһʱ֮ȥ£Щ
˼ٽ
д棬ֶ뱱ԭһңǲ濤£ЩƽǾͻᵹ塣ϣǵʿıֵˣǰıְ֣
ѦҲûӣ⻰ױ˵ˡ
ǰĩ̫ԺĩúýˣҲԴƽ񣡡
˵Ѧܷĵȥˡ
ȴһݣٶȸϹȥȰЩ˺ͺӰ
Щץߵˡ
˵ͨˣѦЩץߵıˡ
ЩˣҲͨ񣬷ΪԭİʵҲࡣɣԵţһ־Ǹļġ
Щǵľӹʳԭչʳһġ
ʵĲ򶦵ºشƽԭıʿôɶ
һԴȥ׷
ˣ֪ܴ׷ˡ
Щ˵ٵɫĿˡ
ͱֵĵλãֻߺͱɫĿˡ
ߵɫĿ˱ܵѹȣҲԶǲܷűֵġ
ЩǴӱģųɾŶǱɳɫĿˡ
벿䱾ͽɳı߽磬һȥЩɫĿֻͽɳڡ
Ƕɳһ㶼ϤǲóȻȥ׷ġ
óȻһãͻῪսˡ
ɫĿǣ񿤹ӦѲĵˣΪԼһʱΪһǿС
ҪôѾһССؽܾˣϱɿϡ
д˾౨ٶ͵ǡ
Ǿ뱱ֱ߾ĸɣǧ֮ң²ԭ·;ƽ̹ҲҪʱġ
ǰȥٶ벿ѦǱǰǵʹȵĿĵء
ʱ벿٣ڻֲ̿жɹ졣
죬ǲһԭĲǳأֻڷ̨¶ޡ
ֻ̨ĸʿʳǳޣ޷֧Ԯǡ
ԼЩӲʳ
ǱɫĿٺ󣬽ʣµһҲǶҸʣµһ㳴ףҹһңʵ̫٣ɫĿ˿ϲûߣҲ֧Ų˼졣
иǽЩʳȫ
ǲ֪Լδֻܾܽʡ
ÿ죬˶ֻܳһ٣һÿֻһСѳ׺һСң̸ϼֱֻǿѡ
ʹ˽ʡȥҲһ롣
ҲԽԽˡ
иүүЩԭĻΪʲôû
һЩСӶܲˣиѯʡ
ģǺԶҪʱ䡣
и˰ο
ʵϣҲһֱûôȷ
ȻڱǶȷʵԼʳһЩǡ
ͷĽǵʲô뷨أ
ʿǿԷģȴҪȨ׵ġ
ЩͯˣżȲܴ̣ҲֵأҲȽŲЩϺȵ׸ûм˳˻ǡ
Ϊģ磬̨ڱ˷ܵش󺰵
ˣɣˣ
ûãиǵҲԶһǧ
ǲбó˺ЩʳѦŶµĲǡ
ͨ˼빤Ϊ˸õȻҲҪúýԼĲ¡
ˣһ·ϴԺͬǰĶؾЩٵıҲܵˡ
̨ʿ˵Ѿ죬ΪűɫĿ˽ӲһԼĲ䣬ǵĿҲͬ顣
Ѧͷվ١
Щۼһıٺ
ԭϵǣǸɣѦǶ벿뽫Ѿ֪ˡԭϰףǼȻ˳ڿǿİգЩıǱԭ˺ͺһǣ
˵һ䣬ᱱֻʿ㷭һ䡣
ҲõĹ⣬Ļض벿סţʳ͹ﶼ
ǾӪʳȳš벿ѾŸܿͻʳԮǣ
Щһʳ벿ǿģʱˡ
и˵ǶԵģ
¿ɺĻǣ
һȺûõ˺ͺӣǻǴ֮¿ɺҲκһˡ
ıֺκλ˹ػǡ
һ̣бٵĶůǿ¿ɺԼµʿǸм彨¹Ҳ˷ĵĹС


187 
벿Ϣ շת͵ެƽѾˡ
һֱެƽһԴΪķ䣬 ״ͨǰǵͨһ棬 Ƿ볯͢ʱˡ
ǵĴ񣬶ֵ¿˴ΪģĿǰǱѾ ר˸˾ְ ûʲôҪ䭲ĵ¡
ȻսʱĴǲҵ ʱȨ·ţ ެƽȶ ҪҪ͵ެƽġ
ӵɣľ鼱ܲ
Ȼı߳ǣ °ǧ ˳в
߽ûйӵ·ЩǳԴӹ£ûսҡ
ǵһΣµƽĽѣһݺݵȵϡ
һ꣬ ֣Ѹţ ˶˵ң ˸â
ȴôƽȴ°ӵڹ ֪
ȥ鼳
һ̵ɱ⣬ ֱֻӻʦϣ ȻرץߵץסЩǿǧЧȡ
鼳ھӪӵ̶˸˹
ʱϵŭδɢȥ鼳һſô꣬δ
Ҳûŭ£ǴδԵɱڡ

Ҷʣʵʵ˸վԸ
䭼Ҵӣ΢ƽ
ɡһʣɳ˽٣
ʵ鼳ǽţ
ɳɳﲻͨĿǰδõ̫鱨
鱨ϣܸġ
ռ챱ֵʱ仹̣ܶ괺Űб𵽱ֱ߾ͣɨ˱ӱߵӣռشƽԭ˳ɨֵİڽɽ
ûʱҲûȥɳ½ڹ̽
𰸣䭱ŭȼյȴ¡
Ĭһʣ
ȷɳһĴ
ȷȴȷʷͬʱʱɳʲô
ǣһ˵Һܴ䣬δߵǣΪ̫˲ò;۷ˡ
ٴγĬ
鼳ÿһ𰸶ڸɳ鱨׼Ϊ㣬ɳΨһ˽⣬Դ˵
ܹ鼳
ֻܹŵٶ̫죬һŲҪ鱨ӪӪȫǸܳʱȥ͸ɳ
˵͸Զͨ
ڹһֱ壬ѧϰģҲѧе鱨ӪҲǴ׼ġ
ǰǸҪңԶɳ򽻵ܶɳ֪ȻҲѧɳԡ
̴鱨У鱨Ϊ㣬ѵҪԼʿ£һһ֪Ĺ
һ֪
ǰȻûȥ˽ɳλõǸңȴҲ֪ܶණ
Ҿ´½ȣẮ䣬ǵˮɱ䣬ıů豸ǵ˺Ӧֿµ¡
¾ѵʿǣӦ˱ֲԭϵ䣬ɼɳȴС
ڶսɳںܶ࣬ûˮļɺҲǸĿ顣
ûˮζŵصɳûˮ
֮⣬ɳѾڴʱĽͨ˵ͬ
Ĺζ೤սߣսлҵǿֱӱο
Ĳ˵ǧҪķѵʳܱ˹ȥʳҪü
ս˵ɳǱߵˣȫ緶Χڵĵսǿġ
Ŀս϶ǱȲɳֵģܹʮıлǲշĳؾֻΪ·
߱סŵشƽԭҪ־м仹˷ʮʱŻ
ڴʱɳս볯͢͸˲ľء
ǺĻǿҲսͬʱսġ
֮⣬ҪΰѲ
̵ôıѾزˡ
ٴҲܡ
Ϊʳ
ǰյͳƳֵ¿͸⡣
Ҫ˿ֱӷ
ֻǵȵصһʮ򣬺½˱ֲԭһشƽԭ붦µȵصһͷެƽȵصĴʮټɢɵĳ͢Ŀǰ˿Ѿӽİ
ʳֻǣԭȫֲģⲿʳֻܹӺԭ˿ڣһЩֲԭشƽԭ䡣
ֲԭ̫أֻҵΪɼΪ
شƽԭĴգֵصʱֻҪȵ·ݲջ
ԭĴ֧һʱ䣬ٲֵļĩβֲҲܲһЩʳȱڣ嶼ҪǷԮܰȫ
ެƽЩˣ˵ջʳũʱûϣܴԼʳ
ʮˣǱߵʮͨոֵʳҲԸ
ʣʮˣҪطܰѹʳȱƽ
ɳԶ뿪սڳ˵Ρ
ͷ侲ҪȰ˵䭾Ѿ˴ʱɳս뷨
鼳űӵ鼱ɳһɫĿ˽˶벿䣬Ҫȥ
鼳ЩԾ
ǰֺͳβԭʱɳల£ʱ̣ͨǣӣӺ𣡡
Ƭ̣Щģ
Ҫɳ𣿡
ϸ㣬Ҳ֪Ĵеĺʱ
ҡͷ
ٰ֮ڣǲǶġ
սδ˵㡣
ɳĽӣֻıֶԭһһ뿪ޡ
Էͼֹˣ㲻뿪սҲҪԷĽ
ıʲôҲᷢҲ˲Ϣ䡣
Ĵ£ܽϡ
ҪԼϣͨѶҪʮ죬͵ˣ˵ƻ˶ˡ
ңɳ°ߵҲҪ취ӪȻôȣҲԾ
䭵Ļ鼳Ҫȥǿ
񿤹ʳܽţҪս
Ŀȴᶨ
浽һȻȫսҲҪȹǰߵġ
򲻵ѣԼľӺ͹ϵ˼ѵľС
ҲǰĿġ
鼳ɳ鱨ޣ£ͽȫȨ⼸¶ԷΪ͢Ҫ£ҲҪκδ۽Ǵη塣
ǳʱڷǳֶΣξιһֱʴºͣѪֶεʱ򣬾ԥ
鼳˼ҲӦȫˡ
Ƿĵġ
֮£ɳ鱨ԼͿ˳ְ졣
Խ鼳䭻췢ּ鼳ʾȫ鼳ǲָӡ
֮⣬ָǺͱͥһӼָ
ǵģҪǽɣʽʢһŶ̾ڣҶ׼׼һ˹ľݣǶ̾׵ڵ벻ϧһдٶ͵
ͥģҪɳ̻߻ɳˣȫٶ͵ɣ
ǧУһ磬䭾ֱӴެƽоֱ߽ĸɣҪ
߽Ҫλʵֵߣެƽֱ߾һǧİ󲿶ȫٸ·ȫʮܵ
֮ԵôãҪΪɣؽ֪ެƽѾ鼱ǣ·
ҹʮһ죬ڸɣµһѩʱűִˡ


188 
˵ˣ š
ڵȴָʾȴȫû뵽Ϊһʱǰ
ѹż飬 ǰɣӭӡ
Ȼûãͼһ֧ľСѩ
߽һ ȻС

ǰǰӭӡ
䭼϶ѩضã
ͷôѩ سǰɡ С
벽ߣ䭱ɣ븽ľ
ǷϮ
ؿԴӶ벿Ϯ ÿնᰲӵѲӣ ĿǰûеڶϮҲȷ ǲΪѩԵʡ
Σ
Сٺˣоס ȱٹ Ŀǰֻܼȡů
䭸Ѿǵٹ͵
һһߵӪʱ 䭾Ѿ˽ˡ
ϮʮΰȫڵϮ һʮλ׳ΰһս ȫ
֮⣬ ǧһٶʮλ Լ벿вﶼȫߡ
Ҵ˵ һɳܹ˼ǧװս뺷
䭵ĵڶ죬ͥǱټҲˡ
ĸˣʶʱģ
Ҫ׬ǮҪлͨߵĸɽͷ͵óĸɽͷĸ衣ͳߣֻҪѹե̫֣һҲᷴ
ԭ¿ɺľռݲԭʱҲǳ£֪ԼǷͳﱣס
ԶԤҪãǲססһĲƲڵǼ˵ݣŵջ۳İٷ֮ʮ˰󣬱Լ̡
ֳ飬ǲַΧ̣Խļֻɳ岿öˡ
ϾȻɳƶ񤣬Իܴȴǳ䣬·ҲΣա
ɳĵ·ǿӶһСľͻᷭһͻеصʿũūһա
ΪкܻķɣڵϵĶС
ûҲҰǿܶʱǿǵݵġ
ȻҲƽصģȴ˰ݷõص߸ĴϴǮѰӣõһŸضϿɵͨơ
֮ȻȥɳоȴǷռߣм
ԭشȫһˣǴȥţƤëɵɳһܻӭԭǮ˵Ҳ࣬ǲҪܾܺ׵л
ȥʱҲؿ֣ԭ޲ǣҶȣãܻӭĻ
ҪǣȫʡģԭüΣûٷˣǳֻҪǼǣȫᱻթ
ֲ࣬úܶ˶ҵĴɳתƵԭ
ΪˣαٸټǶʮϡ
ϵɣ߽һΪĴʣǲ֪ԭ˴ټǵ¿ɺ
ǾһȺ򣬱Ŀɺټôô㤡
սսһѣɺҪ׷
䭿ǵĽţ
ǲغ£ǰ鲻ۣѾǱµİգֻҪطʵ˰ûκʸǵĲƲҲᡣ
ɣνһЩɳ·ϵ¡
⻰ǶʱһɣʾԼȻ֪޲޲
˺ܶ⣬ӸֻشԱߵɳ˽һ˽⣬ͬʱҲνӵˡ
ĿǰɳѾǸӴĹңͳһʱ䲢㳤ֻвһʷ
ʵƶȣʵ۷ַ壬ɻʵֱӷַ⣬ЩǴ塣
֮£зַܶС塣С˰˰
һᣬҲڱǾʵ棬ѹģ˶ԴǵƿػȽǿĻҳԱǵأҲͨԣǿ
˵ǿľڻʵУĹǣֻдвװ
һо¹ƾͰ
ɳعϡıƿµũū
Զֹģı;װǲȼĹõó֡
ֵɳϲƬ¬Χ
ε뿪ķײ¬ҲµĹ塣
ҵΪ˸ˣͻôܶˡ
䭵
֮Դ̽ɳҪΪ벿ܵɳɫĿϮ׳˿Ｘϴһա
˵¶Ŀǰֻʣ˺ӣһѵĲ״ǶʱĿ¶ͬ߿
̫ɶˣֻʣһȺ˺ӣûʳǻܶɹ𣡡
һ̲ס
ʹˣҲм黳ͬġ
䭵
ⷽǲصģѾ˵ůʳǣбڣ㲻κ˶
˶ʱ˿
˵⣺
µİգ廹ԭˣκ̤裡𣬱ȻҪûлŵҪΪ벿߱ǰȾȻЩ°ӵ񣡡
Ǻܾȣͬʱӿǿҵĸж
Ƕû뵽¿ɺȻӶ뱻ӵ£Ϊ׸ı߽չ˺ÿһѵ˺ӣӪȱ°ߵͷȴ¡
ƽڸ߸ϵĿɺУȻҲҪ
ĿɺĺǰĿɺȫһǿȨԵ𾴰
Ҫǵİ
֣صص
ڳһȣ̵
ɺҪʲôֱӷԸǣСǱػȫԸЭɺһȻض񣡡
ܺãжȻӢţ
޵ڳǸѪڡ
ÿ˶һЩд߻˵ɳˣ̵ĹУɳϢ
ǶشӦ
֮⣬ֵ˸дɳֵˣΪдһ͸¬Ĺ顣
ǣ벿⵽һ֧ɳ٣Ŀ߳ƣЩ¬طΧΪ䭱˶Դʮŭ¬̵£²Ŀƽʹף򿤹Ϊ¬ͼսˡƿĵˣ¬µغ˼С
ӡ䭱˺һɳһ𣬽͵ڱֵɳ߳ķǡ
Щɣ
һ飬Ƿū𣿡
䭵
Ǳ㿴¬бܸ鷳ˡ
ɳַƶȣ䭲ΪĻطĹ϶һǿУ¬˵Ҳʮּ֡
ͻض벿±Ҳ׷ǲϣֲñ
ȲΪսˡ
Ҳ֪ɳѡֵʱӶ룬ֻҲ̽ʵ̬ȡ
ֵֻɳ޼ɵ


189 
ɳߣ ضص˾ڣһ·Űǧ׳ūٳʳͶʮͷţƺƵؽԼĳǱ
ջ ﶼֵҫġ
Ҳ֪·ϵĸСˣϢܿ˹ݷΧ
û죬 Ӿյ˸ĹţҶӢսĽķջ ʲôʱٰףᣬ ʲôʱЩū
ر¬¼ԹЩūرȤ
ϰӵ
˳ƸͳţμԼٰᡣ
Ͼôţ һʱҲԲ꣬ ҪķѲݣ ϶Ҫġ
ūҲͬĵѾǶˣ ҪĻȽ٣ ׯ԰ĹҲũūūɣһòϰǧūһʾ޴Ŀ
Ҫūɫãȫȥ
Щ ͲūӴм׬ۣһʮֻ
ʣ ⳡϣ ٳ˷ͷ ˺üǧū ʮͷţ ջ˷ĽǮ
һӣðٳͷҲЩ
Ͼͬ¬Χڣ˴˹ӣ¬ǲġ
ҪΧڵҲѣ̵ʯûôùƣͷɢסũūֺƶбʵ۱½ķա
ϱߵĲԭرһܺõĽӶ
ٶ׾ͻ÷ջǲҲأ
󣬹ڵٹԭĸϸ֪ٹǸʱǲֻмʮأصԼصǸԽԽĶ
ûаôȴԺѣһ
һʱ䣬֮üƵ
*
봺İȣЩ°ıǣʮֱҡ
ս֮󣬱ֲԭϵļ䣬ûʣ¶׳ӣ˿ڲֺǨ㵽߽С䣬ȻҲȻ˿ڽṹ
ԣΰ߳ɶŮԣֻԡкܶϣʮµĺӡ
÷ǵ
ɳȻӣǶũūūİҲϿᣬŮӱӸŮǱȽٵġ
ÿһϣԼи˿ڡԣµŮūҪеص񣬻Ҫϵ
ɳڳԲůŮūݹᾣҲûô׻УʹˣĺҲ״
ЩӲԭŮūǣɱµŮūҪˣΪ˿
ÿһǰȥμӰ˼ٸŮūڴЩ׳Ůūÿ˶һСū
ŮһسǱͽǽ˷䣬úÿģԼãһȵķָµʿǣģȫԼūǡ
С֣ŮȴǼĥ
ǰҪʹĥ棬֯ϻҪˡܶ廹Ǿ񣬶ǼĴݲС
ЩǰƽսܳΪ¿ɺķ²Ҳû̫ĸı䡣
ʹҪѷ꣬ٳԱůɵģҲû۸ĥǡ
һԶİ絽Ÿɻ򣬳ԵöɤӵĴֿϻҪǿÿһ춼ʹ༫ˡ
һЩ˲ľѡԼ
ūеĺӣΪŮūͷ͵ģǲʹСһҪȥɻΪĹ٣ֵֻܷٵʳ
صͶ뼢СûͲˣֻܱӵһ
벿䱻ǣˮС
ľأû˻ΪԼܻᱻȻȥûԼȥֻľػš
*
̨ϢѾ㷺ɢȥˡЩϱߵĲԭȤ˴˴׼ϳ
ǰ㱨
ԣ¶һЩɫ
ǰǰԭнӣȻûؾϣ˿ա
Щʧģһ룬˹ݵԱֲԭ֮ģЧȫȰڲԭ
ǣΪĴðǴԽ
񰣶ҫһЩۼ֤ٲԭջжɢһЩԭϷرϢ׾ٵΪԭȥһȺǡ
ܺáθɣؾȻȥҪٴγɹ
ֻһδεĳɹܳ׵ȼЩǵ̰
ңǳɹݵֻ᲻Ķ
ʱıߣȻȫս֮С
ıóѵϲеʱ֪Ѿٱ
벻䭶һСͼǧҲӣ벻ôѸٲȡеж
*
ķǵӾǷоӾһ𹥴ԭ䣬Щò⡣
ԽԽˣ϶ǰĻᡣ
Ȼ˴죬ԭ뿪ǳɢڲԭϣͺѼнˡңһģʳҲʣ޼Ҳݡ
ܵģһƱصĺ
ϱߵģ˵Ϣ̫ͨȴ֪ϱߵıֺĲԭ֮ûл֮
ֺǿߣλµĲԭ֮ӦǺķ˲ġ
˵ʵ൱ĶִһǸǿȡʤβԭ֮ҲͬԪˣټϱߵֺҲսУֲֲԭ
Ҳǰ׽Ǹԭԭ
ǣܣҲһӡ
˽˲ԭ䣬µĲԭ֮ȹľء
ûвһ˵һУȻҪ֮֡
ҪΪһǾͲ룬˷չ׳ԼʵĻᣬҲǳǡ
岻ȴһֵľ죬ȥ쿴ʲô¡
ɳȥ˻ûһسǱ
ӾˣСһȺͷ˵Ҫš
Ӿûһţ
һţʲôûŵģ
ɥ
ȥǱϿ֪ˣ
Ӿŭܵ˳ǱϣֻԼ̵ʯӱҿ˺ܴһƶصשʯƬ˵ڵأ֫б۸ѪֹҲ֪ǲǻš
ĿȥԶԶؿǱµȷһǧ˵
ǱͷЩƽũūķݶ𣬷֮ҲûѪʬ壬Ѿ򵽳Ǳµļ
⾿ô£ôԶô˵ģ
ŵ˵˵ʱ龰
ⱾǸĳͻȻԶһ֧ʱ˳ǱѲ߱ע⣬ǰȥѯʡ
߹ȥһȻһȺƤͷˣЩ˱ʾҪǱˣóǱ԰תһš
ǱѲ߱ǵӾʲô˶ʹģǰŽȻǵĳǱԶԶġ
ȻȺͷͷ˵ȻǲȥгǱˣǾֻˡ
ֻصһ죬ǴŵĴʲôǵĳǱϣһľ죬Ȼ⴦ƻĶӾͱӾڿӡ
˵䣬ӾֻһХڵĶϴ춯صľ죬ļʿѪɣǱҲ˺ôһ顣
֡ˣ
ۼ֤µһĻӾȽŷ૵
ҵϵۣ⾿ʲôµ
ߡߡ뿪
̰ıΣյĵط
ûŪǾʲôҲվڳǱ¶ĶϺ䵽͸Щһ³
ԶǱĶӣδӳǱͷܽţ
ӾˣͷȺͷħ˵ٲӦţǲȹǵĳǱ
һ̣ӾȫŶԷ
ֻţȷʵ
ǵģ԰Ž¬
Ӿֱ־ȫ˻ôµĺ˴ӦǵҪ
ȥǣֻҪԸ뿪һΪţ
˳ȥûãûһľϻӣžװͷ
ͷЩΣյõĳŵҲƽһҪԳȥ棬ֱӾ͵ͷ뿪ˡ
Ӿȴ޷ȫɣϽ׼Ҫȥ۹׶
ǲΪţͻȻµĵˣǱҪ̻㱨¬


190 
ɳ׶ɾ˹ǧԶ
ʱɳڶѾ˴ѩ Ӿȴлգʲô޷ֹ·
һ·ϣԽԽã Ⱥͷʿϱߵβԭ֮ġ
İ٣Ȼ¶ˣ һǳ£ȴԼ
¬ϸһöԷĴ𰸣ֻ꣬ ؾҪһȺµĺʦռˡ
øлʱķѩ Ҳøлʵ۱ǿͨ׶ĵ·һֱũūɨѩ
ʮ죬Ӿ˺öƥ Ÿϵɳǡ
һɣ Ҳ˲Ϣ ̸ϸ¬׶ׯ԰
ķǵӾкҪҪ㱨
⻪ׯ԰ ȴˣ 𼱻ǵ¬Ļ
¬Ǹʮˣβߴȴơ
ӾҲûзϻ ̰ԭί˵һ飬Ȼ˺ڷʿҪתš
¬ڴʱӾðŷѩ漸ǧ ͺܾȡ
ף Ƿʮ𼱵£ ŵӾƴ
һȻȺڷʿסˣ Ҳ˵ Ǻڷʿȷܿ¡
˴ǵ̾ľϻӣ氲һݻ˿ᡣ
ǱĴ壬Ҳֻֽдż˿񣬻װѵܵţϱǸĵҵ硣
ţ¬ɫЩá
µûȻдš
׼ȷ˵ǳھӵģΪλӵ¡
λµĲԭ֮дģ˵ϱߵĲԭǰ°˺ܶԭƽˣ
ӾȺڷʿԼ鷳ԭв룬¬Ļ֤ʵݲ룬иˡ
꣬ʲôħŻ˵ù
ȫû氣
ǵĵ¡ض飬Ѿ°ƽֱ
¬֪ܲ°ĵūжλװ׵˵˱°ߵƽҪȫ
ôȥˣ϶һˣʲôȫ
ղ˵ٴδϱߵĲԭ
ǵ
¬ҧ
˴鷳
λβԭ֮¬ֻй˽⣬˵źһ֧ӣһֽ׵ĿǰҪĸĻʵ۱λˡ
¬ΧȻڲԭȷ鱨ûаεĲԭ֮µĵˡ
Ϊλԭ֮Ŀǰٵǲġ
ҲҪԼֶ۹Ļλ˫ûԶԷ˼Ȼõġ
ƽ״̬Ǹˣ
ǣӾۼ֤Ǹ׵Զи¡
λĹؼʱڣİ£ռ˺ܴƣնûλˡ
Ҫľ֪ڴʱһ˿µĶ֣Ʊؽ̷ת
ڽλλǸ֮ǰ밲סλǿھӡ
*
ηؼ˹ݴŵĲӾ¬εʿ˹
ʿӿɱӾٶȿˣ죬ѩиϻ˼˹ݣֱӳ˰ڼ˹ݵׯ԰
ʱھٰᣬһҵС裬ΧҲĹǡ
պ֡
˹ڴʱʱֶӵࡣ
Ӳԣܲˡ
˹ʿҪʲô
ʵ
ɲڸոСǰɥʧԼȨ
˹ó¬ż߾Ը
Ӱ޴ʮΣµ
˹ݰûĻ
µ˲Ҷ˹ʿȴûпֱӾǰȥ󰣶ӡ
Ŀ֮£ȻҪ޴򣬰գ
˹쵰˭ĵӣ
ôܵеùЩѵصʿܿͱ˸ʵʵ
˹ӣϳȥ
Ŵ⾪лعһЩŮŵôȺɢӿ
û˸˹ʵʵر޴˶ʮӡ
ΪůڲμᣬϴǺܱĳʮȥֱӱƤ
ˣ˹һߣó¬ױдţʼ߳١
֮ܶٽϱߵĲԭǰ¬˺ܴ鷳ʮӾǸĳͷ
¬ʲô취ڰڰЩūȫͻȥѰݣΪƽ
ӽ춪ˡ
󣬽֮˹Զĵط˵ڱ޴¡
¬ͨ뺣ӲҲӡ
ֻܶһˣȥ츸׷Ը¡
ʶȤ˹ϸʼĩ
Ҳ˵ΪλӵŲģ
ӣҪʵ۱ûʱˣھԲܸǿС
˹Ľ͵
ٱ湧˳˹ϴȴŨصԹޡ
ȻΪһž˶ԴӣⲻǸ׵СǸûӵ¡
׶һ˿۰;ᵱô˵̤ϣ
ǸϱߵӣҲɶˣ
д׸״裡
裬һҪʮٱֻ
*
ΪϱߵĲԭ䣬¬˵ڱ޴򰣶һ£Ѹٵ˹ݴ
֮ģзڰӴū
¬û˸Υ׷װҪ󣬰Ѽﻹŵĺͷūȫ߽ķǡ
ԭֲԭȥûߵ߾֪ϢҲ̾͵ؽɢˡ
Щ˲¬⣬Ѿ¬֮£Υ
һ߾ս¶ʱ
ҲӵɳǱߣ˿ӱ¬ױʻš
ǽɳ֣һµĹĶż
ķ룬ŵ֪еݡ
λ¬Ͽҵرʾ˶ԼԼٲԭǰǸ⡣
˵ԼᰴҪ󷵻бٵĲƽƽĲ֣һ˵ļ۸⳥ͬʱ⳥һҡ֮⣬˰ٳǰף߾ۿ˱նɱ
żĩβٴǿֻǸᣬϣܿǸĳ⣬ҪΪСӰ֮ĺƽ
żϵݣϿϲŭ
ʮϲ
û뵽¬ôʶʱ񣬽ǿһ£ϴӦ⳥һң
Ȼ֪һҵֵǮ¬ϴ̬Ǻܶġ
ԭǿǴ㣬ԷӦҪѸ¶Էһǳؽģˡ
Ŀ
һңֵܵùôɥʧܵĿѡĿǰֻˡ
ԼҿΪ벿䱻һ
ֻҪһ£·ǣҲԸΪ벿Ǳ𣡡
䭳˿滺еȻ
²Ǳʱκ˶
Ŀǰûܴ̽ɳϲϢ֪¬ɳĴڡ
֪ԷķӦҪôıڵסҪôǣ⣬ŲڴʱС
ɼʹ֪Ҳܴʱ¬
һѾˣʺս
һ棬ҪǰԼ㹻ǿ׳ȴҲڡС
ɳһ塣
¬СС֣Է֮˹ݣм֮ΪҵƣеѪԵĻʵۣȫλս
ҷ£ȥ׼ӿؼҡ
´ʱ䭵ɫѾʮƽ͡
ΪԼӰ쵽;ӡ
*
ʱūǣһѺڵ
кͷĶ
һʿµ´
ǣǾǲ׽ѼһÿһңЩ˶ͷϳ
ΪҪԶУ϶
ЩˣȻЩıǴŮΪģȻûʲô
ЩɫĿ˵׺ݣҲʧȥ˷
ʱϳϵ鶼һЩ־壬űľ
ΪϴαϳǴǵڵ
αߣҪתһˡ
ЩūԼδֻڱӵʹ£ڷѩδ֪Ĺء
˺ü죬ŶĥˣŵĿĵءкܶһˣҶͷ棬˴ҲҽǱûϳЩ˶Ƕ벿ġ
ûͣЪãֱʹŸ·ƣߵ죬ЩɫĿڴڰããѩͣ
Ƿ·ڵʲôˡ
벿ǣԭľصȴŵģͻȻ䣬ǿԶƮɫġ
һĨƣͷѩҫۡ
죡¿ɺģ
һʮͷĺӣ̲סг
⺢ľ۾˲ӿϣĹâ
Ҳһ
ΪѶһ̶ʼƱ
˳ϣǸ߸Ʈ죬ɫӡ
ǿɺľӣǰ
ɾɺϵǵģ
ûɺϣһǵģһҪǣ
ɺǣǣ
Ƕǿ񣡡
һЩ̲סȡǿǲΰ˵ġ
ȻǶ˵¿ɺǵļ԰ͲɴҶ֪¿ɺǻˡ
ԶȲԭЩսʤʴȶˡʹսܵķ²¿ɺҲûаܿࡣ
ЩɫĿˣħ
ǿ¿ɺȴǴʱΨһľ
ūǵʱͼŭ˹ǵ
һıӣͳȺӴȥ
죬Сǣ
մûޣһƿ
˲䣬ʿһֱֱ¡
˳żʸķȥһףĿ⿡ʿ칭Ŀؿߡ
˭ǵȨ޴񣿡
ûзŭȴŭ
Ļԭɳﴫȥ
ǰµ˹ʿ֪ԭǰ˾λӵ¡
ǰɳԴ˸
ӵϢŭֻһСᣬ¬Ǹĳ⣡
ȫû׷ɱһʿ¡
䭲Ƿϻֱӵ
˵õɡ
˹ϼң˵һΪȥ⳥һǸ
ͨͨ¡
˹һĴˣ˵ٶ벿ס
˵ٵ¬ĳӰӣǰӣ
䭷ѵ
˹ϵЦе㽩
ӵˣһȷʵ밣йأȴµһʿȥģǰˣ
䭲ÿɷ
Ǿ͵űɱɡ
˹˿䣬Ǵӱͷˡ
˹˵ʲô¬ԲΪУȴͷ
ĳⱾѾյˡ±ǾͿԻȥˡ
˹ֻôԼľӳˡ
ֳʱֻʣ¿Լˡ
Ѿǰȥױǰ㱨
ֻʣǧٰ߰ʮˡ
Ҳ˵ʱⱻȥİǧһٶʮˣΪԭǧʮɳ
û˵ʲôֻ΢΢ͷ
ϳš
һʿ
ǰڣݹ˺۵ǣӱۿȡ
ߵǰŴ
ǣҪ£ǵĿѽˣɺǻؼˣ
εǣûղ֧ӵɳĽ棬õԭɳ
ʱ˿̣ȷ֧ɺľӣǵġ
Ϥһؼңŵ˵ء
Ŷϳ߸һ
ͷҪʼѩˣҲҵæշԸ
ѹŻѩȥ
̿ůڷѩõѾҪ壬Ҳ˼·ƣ
ů֫ٺҲۿ
˲س
¿ɺľӣ˭ϸµůǻ
ⲻΣҪؼˣ


191 
ӱ߾ϻض벿䣬 ֻ˰ʱ䡣
ڲ٣δһʧȥطꡣ
һǴԼҵȥ ;Ϣǰӭӵļײš
һʱ䣬˽ӵһ СĿ޺ǡ
ȻҲһЩ˴ϣٴʧ ֪ԼѾĥ ɳֻű˼ҵžĬĬˡ
ˣǻһԼҴʧĲ
Щţ򱾾ҪϽģ ÿһҶõֵţƥ ˽Ͻԭʳ ƤëҲһˣֵÿÿ
Щ Ͳ̫ѹˡ
ط꣬ زֺ¶һ𣬵ǽӱ˵Եȳˡ
æµ֮󣬴˾ۼ̸˵ص¡
ζ˿ɺµľӦ˺ӣ ȻǻҲˡ
ǰǣ ҲΪɺţ ܱһȻ°磬 ֻһӶٻص硣
Ҫлɺ
֪ ǵǸһĽ ǿɺˣʿɺˡ
Ϣ˶Ϊ𾪡
λȻע⵽ˣϾˣֳð𪿡һȺĲںԵرһ
ʹˣƺ˵ƣ˲̫ȥֱ
ԭǾǿɺ
Ȼǣ
ܳͬʱҲޱȶݡ
ֻҲԼ񣬲ŻӰɡ
ңǱӵӻأû˱λ¿ɺŵøܵˡǻԭɺҲΪôЩƽʦڡ
һ£˶ã˳ɺǵˡ
λɺΪ죬ȴͬǡıǿ󣬱ضǴɳЩɳֻ֮ذ˺Ͳͻˡ
죬˾رаȫС
Ժ󣬶벿£ڸ߶Ҳ䡣
˵жλ¿ɺԵİ
Щԭ䭹СǣɺĸԽԺ
ɺ
ɺͳβԭǨƵˮݸĲ䣬Ҳ۸ǣԽԽá
ɺɫĿеսԸȫԮЩȹ˳ģȻ˵
ǿʰĿɺ˭ܲȫӵأ
*
ЩǺ󻰣ú˶벿䭾ͷ˸ɣ
ǧƽʮΰѹͷ
޷̣ɱôʿȫˡ
¬νĵǸĳ⣬ҲǷ˲ŵƽװӣûΪԼΪۡ
ЩĥǣҲûиۡ
Ҫ
ԶЩԵİԵߵ
ɳƶຮѱֲԭũҵչЩ˱ȻǽŷĶһһֱҧڡ߾İսԶ޷
ȥ԰ʿ괺쵽ǰѧɳ
ѧģֱӽΪѧ˵ģÿ˽ʮ
԰࣬Ϊ˿ٽɳ鱨֯ģѡεģʿȽ츳һ࣬˺ԭ˶С
¬жʵܲ
˽鱨ܸЩ˵иõĽ鱨ӪĽü޵ġ
ԼҲŬѧɳ
˼˼죬ȴ⻹ǲ
ǰԭ鱨Ӫı˳̽鱨ΪҶǻƤͷֻҪѧ˶ԷԣҪװǱȽ׵ġ
񣬲˻ԭˣɳ˶ôһߵɳĵؽϣ̫ˡ
ʹ̣ͨҲֻװˣ̽鱨ֻܻ켣о̽Ӫ߸ϲ¡
ҪһЩɳס
Ӿ𣿡
ʵ
ЩԣԼҿΪʲôͻȻᵽӾ
ȥ
ȴֵ
ôзҪдŸӾʱȥŰ˲¡
ǿڲ࣬ӾֻҪ볹׶Լأǵ׶괺졣
ʶѾϻˡ
дţ䭱ԴһӪǰķš
ķ߾ԶֻҪһ졣
һһҲҪ˷̫ʱ䡣
ȻϣӾѾصķǡ
ǲ
˭شڱ߾˵û¬˸Ӵӵ¶
ӾˣȺڷʿˣ
Ǳϵʿǰ㱨
ԭӾůĺ裬⻰ŵĴ豭˵̺ϡ
ڷʿʲôѾºͽ𣿡Ӿȹϵϣ
жˣ
ܶˣϴֺߣûʩչ˵ݷҪ
ӾһӦǣЩ˵ƭ򿪳ţҪռĳǱϵ
תһ룬ԷĺôźҲûá
ģΪʲôҪȺħô
ǵͷеܳʮˡ
ûãӾʿźڷʿ˳Ǳ
ԷαֱͦΣһǾˣŷ룬̬ȺܺʺãȻӻͳһţ
Ӿ£ǿдġ
Ӿϱ˶Բ𿪡
˸𿪺ݣɳдġ
λĻӵ˵ϴڱ߽ǵʿøߴǿ׳Ǻܺõı֣Դһٸɳūʮũūûȥѵ
ΪˣԸⰴмۣһٶʮҡ
ӾΪһٶʮҵȷмۣмۻҪһ㡣ѵȱһٶʮң
ܾãûô򵥡
¬ͬūˣ
̧¬ܾ
ȻǸ첢ˣżвЦ
Ӿ£¬Ǵľӣ˭ҪǲǾֻԼǱˡ

Ӿʱͺ
вң
صֻڸ㣬ǽȡж
뵽ǿµĺӾ׻ûӼܾ
ҪһЩʱ׼
ȴˣĻ᣺
ûҪԼȥĵѡ
˵ˣܸԷ׼ʱ䣬Ҳûа
ٳ£Ӿּۻ۵ء
ֻڷʿ죬ȥĵѡһǿ׳ūڸĴһȦũū
ڳǺڷʿļ򣬰ο
Ӿ£ӦΪĺеˡһõĿˣ˫ѾͽˣԺȫԶó
ۿڷʿūũūﳤȥܵÿûӰˣŭӾŶǵıӰ
ɶǿ˭ҪóҲԸ⣡Ը⣡𣡡


192 
һٸǿ׳ūũū ѱظźڷʿİϡ
ǼûзΪūڣûԼĲƲ ҲûȨū˵ תǳ̬
ũūЩ᲻ԼķӻзļҾߡ
Щġ
ũūҲȻǿܱһתóȥģһ ҲûǷء
ɳǱ߽Ȼͬĳǳطݣ Щũūҵĺǣ϶ûɫ ֻľصȴİš
䭿Щɪվһūũū ϰõƤӣ Щʭӵͷ
ͷҲͰˣЩҪסھӪ ;ټϰߡ
ȰǴȥúϴ裬 ϵʭŪɾϸɾЬࡣ
ǡ
ȥȥ׼
ʵҲûж鷳ΪӪǲȱˮġ
ɣһС ӪﻹרŴ˺üˮΪ˱ָɾ Ӫʿǣ ҲҪһѮϴһġ
ÿӪиϴӣ ϴ˾ȥůͷɡ
ʭҲרŵҩ Ǹ±׼ģ רɾҽƵҩϴͷǰͷĨһƿ鲼ţһʱϴϴӰͷΣͷϵʭӾȫɱɾˡ
Ϊ䭵Щūũūǣƽһϴˮ裬һν˶Ҳůů׷ů͵·Ьࡣ
ūҰް㾯سһЩã
Щ·ɳĿʽһܹϵĲرȻëģȴǰ·ů͡
·оΥЬ֪࣬ظоͷϳڵҲûˣˡ
˵ħ·һͷɫĳ
Զħ˶
·ٴγԵ˶
ڱȥϴ֮ǰǾѾԹˣһЩȽϡÿֻа롣
ԭΪǾǽһʳˣϾǶ죬һЩսū˶Ӧó̫
ʵ֤ˣƺ͡
ȻȴȸղճҲҪһ
Ǳһĵطסڲ©ķÿ춼л˵ɳǷʳ
ʳһһá
ÿܳΣǰ춼ǺﾹȻеˮˣһ٣Ե˱ʹ͵ϵҪİɫ
ݵĻеĴ˶ܸˣԼαһϵ۰ʴȵÿ˳Ժ˯
ûбʱʹߴɻÿ˯þ˯ã˯˻п԰Ѷñζʳɲһô
ȴǲһ
֪µΪʲôҪô׵Ĵ
ĴķֻΪսʿūܡ
ô죬ҲѾ֪ˣЩڷ˲ħǾͨʿ
Ӳϵڱ£ҲΪĵһֱģǰװʳ
һֱףҪūԵúãͱҪչֳԼūļֵ
ҳūΪǿ׳ļÿǴܣʲôϵͳѵֻ֪ԼսøǿӮǣҲ֪ǿū
ǵʿƺҲڱԶֹӮ˵ʱȲʡ
⣬һ÷ɵµũūҲԼ
ÿʳʱ÷ɵ¶ȥæһʼǰŷʳڷʳ˻ûʱͰ֯źöˡ
֮⣬÷ɵ»ѧſڿصһ˫ֱȭѧúڷ˵ĻﺰҳԷŶӣ¯ӸˮȥΪȻÿǺкøУǿʼ÷ɵ˵ǵĻָһ̷
ǵֱ֣Ȼȫ㱨䭡
䭽ǹһÿʳţһΪѩ׷ɣȥ£ȰøЩһ棬Ҳúù۲һǵı֡
ڳڹ̶ϣ޷ӵԼĲƲЩūûκϽ뷨
һȺūռģȫҽΪǿ׳ԡ
ǳԱ˾ȥͨ˯һȺеļŮ󻶣ţһû뷨Ҳûȥжʶֻƾ豾¡
ûǿҪԼ궼ϴ
һ£ȽЩūĿ࣬˵
ЩΪʲôҪñӳɻūˡΪǸûκԾԿԣ͸ţһߣǵİղԶˣó𣿡
ʧЦ
ҪͣȫʵܱԭĴڡ
Щū貢ȫԼû˽вƲǱͲϽĶԺˡƾǵĳ࣬ͱȻɳʱó
˻³ɳĽ÷ɵ£ôϽȷʵǳƵϴˡ
۲˿ʮѾˣȴ쵽Ҫǳȥ£ȻҲһֱЩš
÷ɵٵ
˹ع£ͷأûͲ̧ͷ̬ʮѱ
ԴģµȻҲҪ𾴡
һǵǰķǵɡ
䭿ڵĻʵشȥ
ũū÷ɵ˵ģûʲô游һ𣬾ķǵĴвСļأһļͷ
ÿջĴϵʳ˰֮⣬ÿڻ춼ҪȥԸĸۣȴҲǱūúһЩ㱻ɱҲѡ
˵ԶԶһ䣬ʮһǰ񣬲κ˹ϽһӾӹռǵĴ䣬Ǵӵ˱㶼ūӾūӣתκķǡ
ΪӸߣܺ޳ҲӮüΣʱΪսʿʿѲ߻ġ
꣬鿾̾
һʱֲ͸ǵģ԰ɡ
ڻðͻĿ⣬̾ƣ˵Ѿϵʳ
õ˺̻
˸ղ˵ʱһֱ۲ǵı飬ǲû˵ѡ
ѡҲѡģӾϸĻᡣ
ǵ֪Ҳ롣
ũūһ㶼һƬϣͷַ˭ǾȥΪλ۽˰
ūǣԴսߡɳһŵĹңһЩĲʱԼľȥΧأ󣬲ūͲǣܵõλϵķ͡
ɢĹұҲľȥռ
ÿռһطͻū
֮⣬ūﷸǷծ񣬽˰ũūȡ
Ĳۣ˵÷ɵɳĴ۹ûʲôҳ϶ȿԵġ
Էǡ
˳⣬˾ƣŵ
ܴӦѾ֪ǶҪóġ۲ǽڵı֣ΪǺʺΪͷˡ
СԸΪЧ
ͬ
ûоǵĳƺ΢Ц
ĵˡԺиҪǣֻҪ񣬾ͶܳΪǵļˣҲһΪ񡣡
µÿ˶ֵܷĶأÿֻҪһɸ˰ҲÿֻҪһˣÿʮ졣
ҪǱֵøЩǳΪԱ
Щ˵ĺˡ
ū˵ľɵݡ
ũū˵Ķһĸ˰ۡ
µŵˡ
ŵǿԳΪԱ
ҰĺϽĵɳ˵Ī
˾һЧ䭣ҽ߾ȫ
ܺãڴǳȥ񣬽ʱǾͺúΪ׼
ҪǰɳصΪ̽鱨ȻҪǱʶ̺ʹ̽Ϣȸ棬˶ǽרҵѵ
ɳūƽҲҪﾡýѵ
²ǳΪҲҪǳΪ̶ϸ͹뱣ڡ
ȻԼӾѡˣҲͨװ磬켣̶
ʱЩ˾ΪӾµ̶ӣΪظɳū齨Ӵ鱨磬ɳȫ͸
ӾԸæⲢ䭵Ŀ֮С
ÿһΪھӵĵط٣ûвԸæѡ
*
Ϊµ鱨ӪæµʱҲյ¬ͽϢ
һǻȫʧܣʮŭа¬ǸųĵСԼѡѵȷԡ
¬̫ˣֻ³ΪʵۣҲδܳΪ
ȵƽȴ֪Լô׷
¬֮ãΪηеʽһǿĵӰļλ
ȵ¬λɹأ
ʱɳҲأ
ţɳᰮŵԣסϱߵĲԭ֡
ףﲻŪδؾŪ
ʱ򵽰еֺѵ᲻Ҫһǿ
Ǳռ֮ǰѸٵسɳ


193 
ǧƣ Ҳֻܵȵڶ괺ٽС
ѩѾԽԽ󣬵ˮɱҪų÷ǳѡ
ĵҪϱЩ ȻҪЩȴҲò̫࣬ ͬҲѩظӡˡ
ɣʱѾʮѮ¹ȥ ѩѾȫ·棬 ʾԶˡ
ʱ֪ڣڱ߹ѳɶ֡
İȫ 䭵Ǻ̹Ȼ
Ըɣγȣ ¶Ѿ͵޷ʱҰͣһ£ û˻ѡʱģ
˳Ҳ˿塣
ɣڱʱ ͹˻̵ķϵ פһǽּӺ˼ףҪȫû⡣
ϸɣԭפԼ䭴ľ ܹһ
֮ǰһҲ½˸׺õĶ̾ڡ
дҪԼðգ Ƕ˵ װ ͻΧǾأ ȫˡ
ķ˵ ָոԪˣһ̸סˣʶ
ʹʲôʣߵ鼳ߵԨϳ֮׼ӳ֣סġ
ϣҲԷĵؽֵ¿ˡ
߾һ죬ʲôغ
ЩԭԹñκʱ򶼴С
һѵһūũū֮еԡ
˵ūǱȽ裬ȴһ㶼ü֡
ܲӴİ취ﶼõġ
ЩȫϵӪѵ±һѵǣǿǵǣҲѵԡֵúõһÿ춼ʳֵòãǶһٱӡ
֮⣬˵ִİ취÷ȥ߷еļˣϵģڳʮӡûϵģ·ȫ¸⽱һҡ
䭾ʾˣһֱ̽ǣ´бѵģֱӱͷ
ڶε̽͵һθ˿һ£ȥǵĻ˵һЩӪй涨˲⴫顣
λһйܡ
ûūͨҳ߽нͣۼ֤Ǹйܵūնɱ
÷ɵѡĹߣҲ˽ﾯڽͬܵ飬ûͨԱߴӲˡȻ᲻һдɱǡ
˶ληѣָ췢˵ԼһĹʲôջ󶼲ᱳѡ
һѵЩūòʱ򣬷˷츲صĸı䡣
·ֱͦ磬Ҳǰһڵϵ㣬һ¶һ¡Ҳǳǿҹϵʱ˯ůͣҲ̷ȥȥϡ
жô°򣬱ӳʹȻҲܣǰȴҲ̹˵ġ
Ǹµǰ
ӵĻвԣķʵ̫̫ζ컹ܳԵ⣬Ǵһʳʵǿˡ
ۼ֤Щ˵ı仯棬ƨ
Ͼûпѵı
ȴЦ
ѵЩ˵ʱҲ߸ţɿеŵ
һڿУ
һˣĻӪǧˣҲɣؽ
ȻֻǧˣıһЩ綼䵽һˣǾһ졣
εĹҲǴ±ģֻЩ±һʼЩɳūһ޴裬ʱžӪƶĹƶȣһһ۵ѵ±
ۼ֤һ̣ȻҲܽеĹɡ
ؿΪеİ취Ͷ֡õΪҪΪҪسͷΣǾͻȻȻذйض
صͷ
˵òýǿõΪóͷΪ취ţѵģοǸˡ
Ժٴµɳūѵ
ǣ
Ȼ
ܰһרŽȻΪϿڿǰţԺܵ
ҲˣҪڸɣ൱ĸ£ֻλſĻӪСڿߣⲻֵĺʱô
ԺԽڣѵѲ棬ʱ̱󷨡
Ҳ̵߽ⱱ߽ɳսһ調϶ǲõģܶһЩܸɵĽȻּɵġ
ѵҲ½յһЩӸؼ۱
Ѿһسͣפϵ飬ȻҪ㱨ġ
ص۱͵ǣɣġ
ѩ׷ɵȻ·ѣӸʵϵĹ֮۱۱ڴȴܰ쵽ģֻǱڵٶҪܶࡣ
䭸սֱֲԭʱ򣬾ѾֽӦԶյվ·ˡ
ȻһĶ죬ԭͱ߹صϢǣ˭֪ʲôӡ
վ·ˡ
ӽأ۱ϲû̫Ҫϵ£ЩӣǸԼҪ󳧵ܽᡣ
ֵ¿㱨˽˲ѡĴоڼ䣬־пܹѡ˽һǧһˣط˲
㱨˹Ŀصĵǲ
ȫؿһ飬Ը·ֲҲͻļλĹ΢˸š
ũ²ֲ㱨˽ũҵ
ǣԭԭ꣬ʳȡ˴գصʳȥ궼аٷ֮ʮʮ
ջðղ޷㣬Ҽһ˰вٵ
Ϊ˵ƹ㣬ǲԭϵĶ룬ÿĴҲչٸҪ
Ч߰˸ʱ䣬˵һ߰ʮøõģٽ
Ͻ˰øض⳧ЩϽ⣬ȫѬƳ⣬Աȫ괢档
䭾취ͦãû䶳⣬Ҫ洢ôֻơ
ֲȴãѬ̫ΣӦ취ĹһһֱţҪõʱʱɱ仹Ǵ涼ܶࡣ
ǽרǽ˰ʱҲϼƺ󣬾ͷ
ЩسǵţҪʱٷɱ
ʱûͬ顣
ЩҪܶʳġĿûԣôʳȥ
֮£ԸķΡ
ܿƵطΧڣطΣγʮ㳯͢óףϵʳҲȫԸ㡣
ϵİ˿ȫòôΣЩγ񻹻ϱ붫Ρ
۱ϸֲԼ뷨˲۱
дġ
۱д˽ص˰˰ձȥ궼źܴ˰ȥֱӷ
Ǯϣϸս񣬿Ŀǰϻʮֳԣ
ݶȽϽš
˰գǻ⻨Ǯ˺ܶݣѴǮ򸽽ĴعʳʹˣҲֻǿϸصĿ֧
ġ
Ƚǣ۱ᵽһ⡣
;ķѡ
ǵȵפڵʳҪЩҪʳġ·;΢Щ·;Ϻķѵݣͱ͵ĿĵضҪࡣ
Ҫ滮·ߣפظյݡ
䭺ͬ
û취ܶطռûջ̫ʳֻԶӵоͽ
ԭ
ĲԭʳԸ㶼ṩʳˡ
ƫƫԶġ
ɳвڣҪݾľֻ»ԽԽԶԺ󶼻
һ⡣
۱ⶨһЩܽʡ·̵ĵ·ߣȥپ顣
ˣȴҲ̾˼Բ
ԭһͽٺòˡɲԭϵܿѳùȥĸ
Ͼףֲ߲Ŀǰû
µֲũ²ץк飬һȷĴ𰸡
ҲҪòڲԭϴģֲ׼
Ǿֻܴ乤ϽиˣҪܲʹûʹ
𳵵Ĺ븡ͷ
úǲȱģ˸ڽշȡůԼƸûϸó
Ӧз𳵡
˻𳵣ʳ˸־裬ʹɳսҲɺܶࡣ
𳵾Ľṹȴ֪еԭǿƶ˶Ȼ
ôˣܹɽؽȥ
뵽䭱д𳵵Ĺԭ˸ͼֳȥ¡
зҪʱ䣬ȻԽԽõġ


194 
꣬ ߾ʮ̫ƽ
붫ؽĲҲһ
˵ڲϣȴǰһһԡ
ǰ֮ţ ˭֪᲻Ϊǽ˴˳ְҲˡ
Ǿҵڡ
ֶʧڽɽϢֵļǸҡ
ǲȥӴȻǶԵģ ɣֺԼˡ
ûбӣ߾İǹʱͲôѣ Ϊףѵõ̫ƽ꣬ Щ˼ҳϦ춼ݳ޵س˶ټ˺ܶ۵Ĵɡ
Ÿ򱱴󽫾Ԩ˳ļ߾ҪʿͼҾҲ˸ܸ˵Ĵڡ
˵˳ģȴҲõ͡
ÿʿõһٸǮ Ͷǣ Թˮʮĺˡ
ų͢ʱ Ҳġ
˶ͷϵĽٺͽǿصľܷôö
ٴθܵ˹˳жǡ
֮˵ٴΣ Ϊһ󽫾ӹܣ ԭؽǵĻʳۿɼرˡ
Ĳ˵ܳԱˣʱʱܳԵĻȡʱ ÿոµ޷͢«ůһٱ
Ҳܰʱطţ һӾͱرζ
ʿǵģ Сｨģ Ҫ˳󶼷ǳȶ
ǣ ԭ ȵأǼ⣬Ǯǹø⸻㡣
ŴĤˮٻǰĹ⾰˸лѡ
н죬ȫøл
ǺԭȵصİգǶмѡ
ûǣǴʱֻ»ڱΪū˵Աůδܱס
뵽ǱŮ󱲣ĻͻԽԽã´ΪǺãԺȫҶҪӦøɶ͸ɶԲܵͷ
İǣҲʮְġ
Ȼƶȴ󲻶ࡣ
Դȥռһֱڵս𲨼Լļ磬֪֣ռֵİڽɽеĴʯˡ
ľռֵǾҲصıŽӣ̤̤ʵʵԼˡ
ެƽصİǣҲδΡ
Ǿۼһġ
죬Ȼÿշĳʳ࣬ȴû˭ӣԤսŰ䵽ΪūѾ̫ˡ
ңȿ˴ҾͶֵܷأֻһɸ˰һԽԽá
ôطֻиٴĴؾǹζ
ߣ궬췢ĳ«£źʵ˶ɪɪ
֮£Ǳ͸ǵ¾ͷǳů͡촽׵ʱ򣬿Щõۣͬ첻ů͵˯ʿбĽˡ
ٴߣûô䣬ʿĽĵµ޷ǱĶ
¶ʮ죬´һٴ¡
ԭΪҪӼAǣ¥ϵؾ͸صĸʮֽš
˭Ҳû뵽֧ûͶʯǸ˺ƺƵһȺǺ
˵нȽ϶࣬Բ꣬ٴѾҲһЩǹˡ
թٳٲҿȥǱߵȴϣǲãֱӴȥԭء
¥ϵʿͷôһȺ˵ֻ߰ǲҪˮˣ˹صشߴ˸ţȥϻ
ö򰡣Ǳ͸ǹԵģ
¥ϵؾ¥µģĺҲ޲õ
ʿǶôҪȺ򣬸Ҳǿ˵׼ȥֻȥ򶫴󽫾ʾ
ʤ꣬ǿˡ
øǰǣ԰డ
˭ҲҪ򣡡
ûã¥ִϢ˵Ⱥɢ¥ϵʿܼûˣǿҪȥ׽
ʿǾòմȣôȥֻҪ𻩱䰡ص
ʤԣĬãվ׼ȷȫ´򿪳ȥ׽
ȴǰһ̫ˣ
Ȼʿȥ׽ְϽֳ˲СĶ
죬ȫ½ʮʿ֪һȺǹ˵ˡ
ľжʱ˹ϲ죬ҶγϦܳ⡣
ʤû취ֻűû﷿ЩȫɱˣڳϦʿǳԡ
ҲǸҪ˷ʳţһȫǳˣҲһֱǡ
Ϧ죬ʿǳ⣬ϲЦտ
߰ٶֻһֻиʮ⣬ֵÿʿͷϣҲкüǴûһٳԵô⣬һ㼫ˡ
Ȼͷû˵򣬴ȴ֪ġ
꣬˶Դ
ڸѾĴ󷽣Ȼôûǵ˰
Ѿ˼͹ЩǳԲġ
˺ᣬԶӪжԳԣ
⣬ʿмʶЩ˾˵ˣж⣬ǱȻǶٶٳԶԲôడ
ǴֲԭԭϼҼһʮֻϰֻ˵ж
˵һʵǾˣ
µĸУ̫ˡ
µıҲӪһÿ춼гԲǡ
⻰Ҳֻ˽˵˵û˸Ҹж
ǲΪ˹ӾͶ¼ˡʹûм˵ģмΪһ֮˽ǣԼͬսأ
һãԽԽĵײʿڲӪں
ǲóȻжֻܰܿǻ
ֻҪ˻ʵۣǲñѳ͢˳سΪµıˡ
*
һһתů
ѮɣѩѾС˺ܶ࣬жҲҪ΢Щˡ
Խϣ¶ȻԽ࣬䭿ʼﱸǵ¡
Լѡ鱨ӪʿȫԲԣµĸǿѵ˶Ѿɳūǽ
ԣǻҪѧϰ鱨Աĸαװɣ̽ϢļɣѼɵȣÿ춼˫ؼת
µѵЧҲͼӰġ
ڶǽп˺ȷѾȥİչ鱨ʿǷ˸߶𣬱ѧϰϵĽȻʽǳΪ鱨ӪһԱ
ɳūҲѵˡ
䭽ټһҪһ̶ӣũū÷ɵΪ̶ͷ죬ūΪ̶ӵİӳһȥɳϣ
Ǵǣɳū
˽÷ɵˣҪ縺̽鱨ÿһ֮Ҫ֪ŵĴ˿
֮⣬̶䭻鱨ӪʮʿҲѡūݰ̶
ǵĳǼЩɳūǵıΪ
Ȼʩ⣬÷ɵµļڸɣģũūǵļҲǡ
ˣǿԱ֤ǲױѵġ
÷ɵǸˣʮ鱨ӪʿϣѾ㹻Ͻ̶ӡ
¾㱸ֻӾ֤
Ӿ֤ôõôǸЧɳ¬Ĺ塣
ֻʶԷһ̶֤ӣ̤ɳûãͻᱻɼϸץ
ȻԼԶ׼Σ
ԣ뿪֮ǰһ£ҪķӾƿ


195 
磬 Ǳ´ũūǣʼ𣬴ԣ 䭱ǲԼµɳūǰȥ̽
Щ˵ԭķǣϴøɸɾ ޼˺ͷһװɳһ棬 ϳԭݡ
÷ɵΪף Ϊһ֧С̶ӣѿƣľ̿ڳ⵽ת˼죬 ܿķǵһЩϢˡ
Ӿһܳ谮ˣ ʮ̰ƣ ǰ˵ϻ
䭸ȱǮҲ¬ֳɵģ ֱǧң ÷ɵ³λ˰ӾǱ
õĽǣ÷ɵµֶӽǳսΪӾߵϣӾǰչԼõӣ Ҫλ˰ӾǱߵۿܵӢˡ
ԼΪ һЩոǿƽĳ õģ ܱΪʿ µõһƬأ Ͻһٻũū
÷ɵ½𷢱۵׺Ͳƴֵɣλû̫ģټϽ̫ˣûôԥʹӦ
ӾϲԵģֱһ죬Ҫһ㶼ѡ
Ӿ֪ߵһֻϻ²شʮʮūһŴԣܿΪ׼İΧȦ
ۼΧѩİһƣѩȻڳڵĺڷ۵ףӾ˶ɵˡ
ߵʿ󺰴ñӾʲôأΧǺĹһͻᱻЩɴ⬡
˭ģϮս𣿡Ӿǿиɡ
°ΧûǶūսʿ
˴˰˫֣ǾͿԻ
⻰ɳﺰģܼĹΧ뼸ĵˣŵʿүûʲôͶ˽һͶʿǾͽ󣬽űūǡûκη˾ͶͶ˽
һӾӵеı˵ôϡ
˱ӾŤ͵ĺڷ졣
˭ʲôҾ㣬ҵս
ڷȻ䭡
ж͸ɳĵһܹؼ԰ѹء
ӾĻЦˣЦú׺͡
ӾҲǱҰϮʬûκιϵӰ֮ĺƽ
Ӿ˸ǱɱѪζ϶ܿҰޣʱɲǱҰ޷ʬô
ԷϢɱ׾١
Ҫʲô
ҪţֻķΪתһЩѡ
ӾȻûô򵥣ȴҲֻǿӦ
ףдһҲӦ㣬ûҪǵĹϵֵô⡣
Ǹص
û뵽Ӿô˵ˣðˡɣΪ˱ʾҵǸ⣬͸һЩź¡
Ӿ˵ã䭲ûиܾء
߰ʮʿ߳ǱߵʿϵĿװǳϣȻӾΧס
ͷһЩ죬Ӿ
Ӿˣҽн򣬴ӽԺҾεʿԺ󲻹ȥҪңҵȰҲȫӡ

ӾȻصɴ۾
ūܲǵãʮȴӵǿߣǺӡġ
㣬ģ
³Ҳţ
ȻµˣҲ˵øһЩӾҵʿǺú£ȻķǵӾǸ˵ˣʲôʹķǣҲ⴫źţʱҽֱʱĳǱ
һ㣬ӦþάĺƽȻԺһģķǣ˵𣿡
Ӿԭܷŭⷬȴ綵ͷһˮ
ò˵˵úеôùı߽ϣսӵһҪľԼ
ӵ߻ôԷˣʲôС¾ԮܵȵԮ
ܣӵˣӦϣֻҪ̵ܶʱܳռķǣһˣҲ϶ͷ̨
뵽綷ܵĹһɥشͷ­
˵úܶԣһǡ
ܺãǾʹ͸ǻسǰɡ
ص
Ѿ򽻴˽顣
ǽ˳ǣͻвӾµĸȫټһȻǷ˴壬Щȫͣ͵ɣѺ
ЩūǣͻȡЩ˵ĸλƿķǡ
ӾĸܼңʿʿǣӾһŮ˶͵˸ɣ
䭱ȷѾ
мΪʣӾǰʱʵһЩ
ٴδӾԡ
һΣҪǰӾһЩɳϲ鱨
ЩϢԺ̶ҲܴģȴӾ֪ø졣
ң̶ӸҪǸһЩʱϢؿѵūӪãûҪ˷̫ʱ䡣
Ӿ˺ܶ࣬ġ
㻹ʲô
ٴμ䭣ʵ
䭰ŻּСһ֧ëʣһƿīˮһֽֽдĴ𰸡
Ӿ£ٻشЩϢԺһһȥ֤̽ʵƭҵĵطÿ˵һ⣬Ҿһָ
˵ţ䭾óһѷذף׾ٵľͷǣȻӾϱȻ¡
Ӿŵ亹乣æ֤ԼԲѡ
Ӿһ磬ڶɳĸſ˳˽⡣
ҵĺȻ˽ôȴҲȴҪܶࡣ
Ҫкũҵ϶ϱһƬЩɻܵӵĹţҲһƬ
뱱ߵȻܿ㣬ȴܶ඼ǲռûõģ˿ϡ٣ƶ񤣬ЩӵĹŻᱻַȥʵϿԺԲơ
ȫܹΪʮݣϱʮʵֱռ
ÿݶйˣӾоˣҲһ
ͲǻʵԷַģλֱʵۣҲͲԼַġ
УоϽ500ˣӾ200080001500050000
ɳعϡӾΧҲ൱ڴİô
ʵ׷ľλ˴֮໥ģûоλߵҪϽλ͵˵ÿݶ˰չٸÿ˰
ڼ˹ݣһʼкܶǻʵ۱ֱӷַĹ壬Щ󶼻򱻶ص¬
Ȼ˹ʮȻǵ׵Ĵڣ˹ݣȴ¬ƿء
¬Ϊʲô
ʵ
Ӿ
ΪǱµ׵ܵܡ
ʣ
Ǳ¹ϵΣ
Ӿ˵֪ʣӾʿˣ˵ʵ
Ҵ游һͱַ⵽ķӾ뱲Ӷû˹ݡ
ϴαĻӵ±ȣһȥ׶Լ˹Ĳ˽⡣
ԣλӾϵȷեϢˡ
䭻ӻ˰ȥǱַԸ÷ɵӾ壬ڽ꺮˺ܶū򸽽ūӲٸū
ڼ˹ݷΧڣǲٲˡһӾغ󣬲̫ūȻɡ
ݣ˲ΪӾڰͷ£㲻׷̫ࡣ
Щ͵Ȼǽѵ
ѵòʱɳҲȫů͵ĴˣʱͿԸӾṩĴµͼܱߵļɳ̶ˡ
Ȼ䭲ܵȵʱѾǶµףҪ̳ˡ
ǻкܶµ


196 
䭻صǵʱ ѾѮӱߵĺԭǣһ·ģ Ǵæµ
ǵĳŴȻٲڳĽӭ
 Ǻȴ˿ˣֵ¿ʾ֪ǵʱ ɳŽ뿤һ· רŽ˽ϡ
ͨ˴˶Ув˻û֮У õΣ𢣬 ðա
˵ûɱ ȴҲ֪ɱӦúܶ࣬ طİš
ձ ȻظЪϢ
ͻؿֵ¿˵ЩᣬȴҲ
֪䭵ӣ úϢ뿪ôã Ȼٺܶ£ ʱһ ͲͣЪ Ǿ͸ûϢʱˡ
 °Լĵ¸ۻˡ
ڳԻȥԼżæµ񣬿ֻʣ߹ˡ
ڸڣȴҲһ㶼Żȥ
֪ҿϸϹ˺üǰ꣬Űѽճӭأ
겻ѾȫͤͤĴģˣ˫ĿؿֳﻰĿǣһɴæ˵ģ
Ц᣺
ǿˣãҲŽúϢһ¡
ţ
˿ĵصͷСβһ˷ȥϴ£ԼǼססԺǷﲼõûá
䭻·ͷðɳѾůı¯һɿڵķˡ
̺ϣžƵĲȣƣʱ˲١
ȻǼðѼﲼõԽԽˣ
극ڷαϣ̾õĸ
Ŵųɢīɫֳ̬кۡ
Ȼ翴֥ļѹģȴˡ
ܣסھӪоʱʿһĸȴּ縺صѲݰ
̫ˡ
;һЩʱڼﰡԹ

Ҷڼʱ鼸ʱú㡣
񿴵ĿŨصΣСһۣ
ҶǴˣҪ㡣ңټһ벻أԼڼҺúϢǡ
֪ǹԼůڡ
֪ˣҪзִء
²治˵ϢǿϢġ
һԽǿֳϢҲΪѡ
ܿʰԵת˻⣺
ǰЩެƽǱˣ˵ǽѾƽǸĽк
ӣȷʵˣֻϢݲ㣬Żᵼ֪Ϣ
п˵Σ
Ů˵ҲǲСģ䭵
ЩҩĹȥ塣
Цŵ
ҪŴƻ˶ˡȥ
˵Ż˰ѵʱ䭿˵רһóƵĴͼóչСֹȥ
ô˴򣬿Ǻʲôã
ɻ
ԭҲ˵ӻֻЩ㣬úȻѳɻ
ǽΪ˿ͰգͿ๦ߣǺһѪΪҲñ
ײĺζʲô
ڼ䣬ʱ䶼龫ǣסôãֱʵرҲѹֺӻᷢòá
첻ĺӣҪܾĵչ˵ġ
֪㣬Ȼˡ
ı仯Ǻ׳ƻ
ԭ˵⺢Ҫͳȥģȴ̫ʺͳȥˡ
ӤزʺܸߡһļͥôԴĺӽ󡣱Ƚϸģôҵպûӵġ
˾˵š
Ȼû飬Сʱҽ뱣ķŶӣ˵ʦ͵ѧãʼҵĺӶôģӦҲᵽȥ
úܺáҲǽдŰɡ
ǾͲĶɱСǺܻҲ˵
ȷ⼸¹ȥΪĸ׵ǷɼᶨѺͳȥ
˾˵ģҪᶨرʾԼԸ޽ٵĺӾչˡ
ᶨҪͳȥȥȫֺӵϣһҺ˼ңҵϵĽչ
⣬˻ҪǺӣҲ̫ǣ˳ˮ۵Ӧ
Ϊǰģʾ֭⺢ȡ֡
Ըú⺢Ժͽ̡
庣̡֮
*
£䭵ڶ㿪ʼ½ټڳˡ
һľֳ̡
Ϊ첿ȱ䭻㱨һ¸ұ
λɹ˹Ѿܴܹľũҵ󣬿ȫٶˡ
֮⣬첿Ĺũ²зһЩũҵЧʵĸũߡ
˵зֳר
ǰ˵ùˣȴ˲С⡭
˵ҪҪһвϵؼú̿ˮΪСľƲһʵУըˡ
ˮú̿Ƭɵõǣù£̫ô顣
¯ըˣˣ
Щš
̵ֳ
һλˣʱҽȥˣѾȫˣͲ϶˰̡
ҺõС飬ըʱҲûˣȻ˵ֻ»ࡣ
˿
úòǸ˵Ĺзͣɡ
̫ˡ
̾ڵڹܶΪͲסʱĸ¶ƽըڹǾĸҴﲻ͸µĳ̶ȣοЩõͨߡ
죬ִ޽·̫ף̫׵õһôƴḶ́Ҫٸ
˵ҲǼʮ֣ұʹķؽ죬ЩֻҲôصѹѡ
·άҲҪͶ
ȻҪ˼ֵǮ͵Щ·̱
ߣҪмϸʹϷżʯͷ߱ļ壬гᷭ
ǰֻȰѶзû룬һ룬Ҫ··ء
ڸұдĽ֮ǰзֹ
Ŀǰ˵ʮ𳵡
Իǵøʵİ취ʳ⡣
𳵣ﻹһ뷨
ֲ֣ôûǣ
ʵ
̶ֳ»Ǻģ
ǰڵģ³ٳûͳʱȥߵƽָũˡƽȵزŹ鸽Ƚϱ̫ġ
ǰ˴ȥˣظء
ƽ뷮ԶصȷҪЩʱ䡣
ֲҲû䭵̫ãͻصǣڶһǰ
һԼʱ䣬ûӭ䭻سǡ
ԼµܳȰֲ䡣
һŽ⣬ֲԱֲԭĵнеˡ
ֲҲûʧȥһ꣬ũ²˺ܶԱһֶ¡
䭽ֲ˵Ѿܻˡ
ͥΪ磬ϱߵе϶˵ġ
ϱߵǵȵأԭϵֲʱҪЩ˳
ʳֲ棬һֵֻҪˮԴҲǿֲСġ
ԱĵҪʳֲֻҪͣҲ̵ӡ
ҲǱֲԭԭеũвҰġֲʱҲַܴ⣬Ұࡣ
ʹֲСӵĶǻͺܶࡣ
֮⣬ˮԴĵطֲһЩࡣ
꣬ˡ
ͼֲڵͼǱֲԭʺֲȦ
Ȼ̫࣬첻𳵣ֻѧϰǵľ飬ڱ߽ˡ
Աֲԭֲֻһʣµʱ
Ϲ첿ĸũЧʣٳʹ磬ȣ࿪һЩأӦñ߽ʿʳġ
ɳսӱֱ߾Ͷ̺ܶࡣ
߽ʿƽʱʳڲԭգҲȴӺԭȵ͸ʡ¡
ԣڷչҵͬʱѲԭĸҵҲչ
ڱ߽ͣʿҪֵҪߣĿǰԶԶҪȵʳ㣬ʱٽС
ôһﻮ䭾ãʱȸԭϼһӵˡ
Ҫĺϸߣֻܽ˰ûᷢչũҵɲ


197 
߲ԭĻֲʱ䶼ϱ߸һЩ 䭱ʱôԭǰںιѧϰμũ²ĸּѵ
ּӱ͵䡣
ڶжǣ֪ͻȻټȥʲô
 ֹ涨ִڣû˭ һģ˷ϵ˿ں䡣
û˸ҳٵ޶ǰƴظϵĿĵء
˿ں䣬 ˶˲һѾѹأ ææµµǡ
ԭϴ䣬ǰԷΪɼʹԶͷ Ҷû뵽ںȻѧԭ
תһ룬 ںĲʣ ֳǰͳһԭĴ󹦳ǵĲ䣬 սвһָ
Ϊ²׿ ε˾λþʹܹܵʣԭĲҲƧǨƵˮݷĿںˡ
ݶ裬ڲԭһġ
һ˵ÿأ ɲҪî˾úõô
˳ǣ ڲ췢ֿں䲢ڶ 
ڳ購һӣ ¼ʣ ʱ Թʸı䲿ϰԵֺǽһġ
쾡˵֮꣬ǶǺþƺдţȻ﷢ᣬȴò˵Сϵϵţⶼۡ
Խ⣬ȴʾ˵ˣʹȻ֪ҡ
Ҳûȶã޶ڣʹͰѴټһʯ׼¡
ʹǸʮңƤڣǴּ룬̫٣ȴũһˡ
Ȼֻ˵񣬴ȴũͬ
Ϊְҽ˵ݡ
λũ²ֲܴˣɺصĳ֮һǶ˿ɺڿΣ񣬴һҪúܴ˵ָӽ̵
˵ţתЩŵԭֲ˵
ܴˣͽˡ
ֲͷ̬Ⱥܿ
ͷ죬ҲȥŰɡ
״вɰĻֺÿɺ˭ܵÿ죬һʱɣѧԭֵأԭѧôá
ҲЩû뵽һеġ
ֲ˸룬վڽ̨Ͽʼڶ콲Ρ
һʼû˵ģкһȥιһ²ţȦ
ΪҪ׼СĿǰţȺûиϳȥȦ״̬ƺһ죬ںţҲȱٲϡ
Һúÿںţ򡣡
ֲ˵
һʼһûʲô⣬ڲһȦֲǹҵţͨţ򶼸ķʡ
Ȼ˵ЩţľͷʵöţǸһţ
Բԭ˵첻۶˻Ƕ󣬶Ѱļڡ
Ϊȱʳ˺󶼻ᱻݣϳȥţƥջʱϺöࡣ
ں󣬾ȫûֵЩţ򣬱׳Ǹһ
˵ʼţΪ죬ϳ㣬ôͨҵţҲأ
ȤֲŰѴټ˸ղŵǼʯｲΡ
ŴѾ˿ںţԼҵʲôһ֪ô𣿡
ڶ׷׶˵֪
ȻˣΪû˲֪еİ
ǿϽһƲģѵʣµĲƲܺϷӵУܲԼеţƥøãƸء
죬ǡ
ʱ˵Ϊǲ󣬶ιȥֲˡ
ǳˣʸӷΪ죬ʹ䣬Ҳô׶ţƥĸǿ׳СҲ׶
˻ȻѹֿںͷôأΪֲ˵Ķ
֮ǰһֵƨĵ̫ڣȴֻԼ飬ֵ֪ôĺô
׷ֵܸЩԼȥ֣ЩģֲҪ
ҶصԼλϡ֪ĶҲǿɺԭǼֻԵ㣬ɺʹԭƹˡʰˡ
ֲҲʱվ
ҵũ²ԱǰΪԭƹֺöˣһЩʵĵҲС󡣵ʱ򣬴ʳͲûǮԭˡ
˵ֲĺôܸӸõϣڶʳӵֿȻֺ
ǲϲԭʳҲȫ԰ЩʳٸԱ㻻ȡΣǣҶϵϲƷ
׼ũߺӣЩũ²ĹԱҲΪҴֲ취ġ
°ϲôõ飬ɺѷȫ˰
ȷվˡ
ɫиֱֲӰѳ˵ǰͷ
ǣũ϶ӲԿָģЩԭҲһ
ÿÿָ꣬˿ںҪһ˲
ֲСӵģҪһʳⲻ˰
ߵɶȣϵŲǵĿ˳ɼ
ɼã
һ겻ͻΪ죬ٲ꣬ǾֱӻˡúõģлʱܱߪΪߵĹְüĹ֮ġ
ȻȴвСȨû˭뱻
֪ԣֲֲҪʱ򶼸ģԲͨԼ׵ĵطҲǻʡ
ֲЩι滮أκũʱ䡣
ֲԭعϡÿֵĵ̶ǳȻܽеضֲġ
ֲͿԭϵֵصЩ֣طķԭ
ζҪݸָ
ֲ꣬Ҫݻָ
ԣƽҲһѧʡ
Ȼⷽÿ䶼ũ²Աǰȥָ
һѵ֮󣬸ŸԲũָ˲䣬֯ǳŻûȥϽ࿪һЩء
ֲСģҪϴĲ
ֲСģҲҪΪֲӺ׼
רǰѲ飬֪ûΥ֣֯ʱ˳ؽũߺɷȥ
ûڲԭϿ̫ũϾʺϸֵĵطܶ࣬ǿпѶԻѺá
ԲԭʳΪʮʿ
ʳҪǹǵȷܶࡣ
ع󣬻һٶ˿ڣҪﵽĿ겢ѡ
һЩѲԭũҵܹͲٷӵʳˡ
񱱽ӣʹҪɳʮľӹȥ˲ԭʳѹҲᡣ
ңȥµѾأ꽫ȫֲָպͲȱʳ
*
ڻչԭũҵͬʱɳϻʵûĶ죬ǿʢ¬Ϊεɳ۹ʵۣȻ㿪ʼ͹켺
Ϊߵ˹λʽΪɳ˵зس
̣ʼɳʹߣֺȨƵͼ̨磬Կһ¡
ͼȻǲġ
Ͼǲûֹ䵽ʲôزˡ
ָոԪˣֶ˰ڽɽԸٴξս
ȴҲ׷;˼ǧȥͼ
ʱѾģͼæ֮лǲ߽Ӽ
һ棬ͼͿżɽ
̨ԶԸ㣬ǿڹͬķϸأû˼
ֱӣҲûӣ
̨ѵĸİŮˣİڽϣ
ĳͼɫѿҧ
ûǣ˭ֺ󣬴һСûѾܿˣ
һıʹߣ
һ㶼ˡ
ɳĹңͼǶԷûһĶܼ
ʱͬգ̨Ӧ֪ɳ۹жһȻսȻס
ͼĿ⶯˶
ܱ֤ɳ۹ս
ɳ۹Ĺܻʵ
ǣ𵱱ɵŪ
̯̯֣
ðɣ̹һ㣬ɳҪ׵䷽ףټЩ֣ضܴ¸ءӦ֪ɳʵȱٸůء
Щ֣㻹£˭ֺ
˵֣ͼϵЦЩ̣Щ˸ȥģÿκôûãȴ١
󺹹ֻжֻö˶˵ġ
ȻǴ͢㲻ΪʵۺݵӰɣôõĻᣬôΧ
ͼ˼Ƭ̣
ȷɳȳúȥðա
׵䷽ҲֱӸɳ
ɳҲвֽģ˭֪õ䷽ǹ̲С֡
ּۻãЭ顣
ɳȳֿԸṩ׳Ʒɳǰ֧ǣʯƤëȻ
ǲµ׵ԭϣΪ֪ԭϣҪ䷽ҲҪܳʱ䡣
ֺҪ׵ԭϡ


198 
Ϊ˴ٳһΧˣ Ĵߡ
뿪ûлԼķؼ˹ݣֱȥɳ۹׶ɡ
ͼҪĶ ֻɳĻʵ۲ܳṩ
ŵյ۹µǻĻʵ¬ ȴ⵽˶Էԥľܾ
¬ؾ
Ϊ߶Դλӵµĳޣⲻɳ۹սҵɡµĹͣ β ´Σ㲻ֱҵŭ𡣡
û˲Ҫ¬ӲͿ
ֺӵ׵£ ɱλӵ´ö˰ڽɽ ɳ۹ʹսǿ Ҳ٣ȴҲұ֤׾һӮ
ս ɳ۹̫С ȴҪһǿĵˣʵ̫󣬲ֵȥðա
οոյǻ ׶ҪĻ£ȹͳΣ׽жս
Ϊĵǻṩ˲Сİ ҲݶԷĻλȥðա
ʹͷ­  ֤Լٲ£ ̬ŵúܵͣ ȴŨԹޡ
ǸӲŵĻ쵰
Ҫų켺ʱʲô̬ȣһϻλͱ
ô¬ϻʵ۵ıܱһĹ֮λˡ
¬ṩҪİǾͱ·ֲһΪṩˡ
³ç޴İõѡ
Ϊʵ۳ӣȻĵһλ̳ˡֻҪ¬ˣӾͿԳΪµĻʵۡ
ңǰȻûڱֲԭȴ˶Ǻ˻̰һλ绢᲻Ӧȥ֡
ȻʱƵλɳ۹϶ãǹʲôء
ͷβɳ۹еļֵɳӴĹ೤սߣ̶ѡ
Ĵ㣬Ѹٷ˼˹ݣʼӴλ
û̫ʱԵȴ
¬ոյǻæŹͳΣʱ԰ЩӺس͵ʱ
ϱߵʱƣǰռҲԽԽöԸ
ٻӲǸ̫ˡ
Ϊ׵ĺԶŭ
ĸѾǻüˣȴûٻȥ׶ŮûٻҲˣĵܵܰά»ȴȥˡ
ƽױ͸ϲά£ðάȥ׶ȫµǣοء
Լ£ȴߵʿ涼˵ʵ۱¹ʩչֻ̣ðάȥ׶Ȼӡ
ɶ񣡿ɶİά£
Լׯ԰ܿŭԼ
ʱͬһ
ӵ£۹ûзϳ׵ΪʺϳΪ̳ˣĴͺΣˡ
Ӻ޺޵سһƱ
һҲЦң
Ȼǣӵ£ġ̬У֮ǰϣȥѾơ
ʵ֪ġ
׾İ£һֵݣճΪ˻λĴӮҡ
ܰԼ
ӵӿ죬ûжİ
һ𷢶ң
ӶҪɱ䵡Լĸףû̫ϰ
ϾܳΪʵۡջνĸ̫Сˡ
̫ˡάûиҲûбֻҪڵУ˳һλʵۡ
ҪӼ˹ݴ׶ҪķѲʱġ
ң¬˻ҵľӣкݹȨ밣ıֻǻû߳˹ݶԶͻᱻѹ
Ҫô죿
һΪѰһλǿѣҸϱߵֺȨƵͼĪֻ֮Ҫҵİţܸɸɾصϻλ
ǻὫ¬ǱֵȽɱ
ǾͰδɱƵϱߵϡ
ٻֻҪΪΪʵ۱Ĵ죬ܽڶĹ
ü
ȵȣҲΪЩҸô̵ĸ飬ҲΪҵĸܵ˰
һλĻʵۣܶԹ廹ƽ񣬶ûʲôЩֻ»
΢Ц˵
¹Ȼ˫ȫʲôֻҪù֪ϱߵǶôůǾһǳԸ׷ƴȫΪʵ۱¸𣡡
¬ȻԸΪĸƳǱֻٳˡ
ʲôΪʵ۱¸õճϼ
߲ϱ߲ԭջ󣬲ǲšһֲԭ
ӱͶԱֲԭѲѣ⻰ԼλڼܰѱֲԭͼΪɳ۹ʷѫĻʵۣ˷ܼˡ
ԥشӦ飬Ҫͼдһţֺİ
ĳ룬Ȼͼ̸иˡ
Ϊֹй¶Ϣ˵úǣȴεĸԽµļƻ˵ͼ
ͼȻˡ
Ҫûֵİڹõࡣ
ʼǰ·ϵ·ʱϵԽã·Խǿ
ڹӣȻɳΪǰ棬޷ܾ
ΪˣͬҪ̶ӵ壬һƷ͵ɳڣƻ
̣ͨû˻עЩ̶ӡ
¬æڼȨϾ˼ңԶļ˹Ǹ޴Ĵӡ
Ҳ˵ļضڣðٴαȥֲԭû뵽ӵĿ꣬Ѿ
λǵ䭣֪ͬ¡
鱨޷͸ߣҲ֪ɳЩϲ˽µĶ
ʱķչķ̵Ļʯ鱨ӪɳūѾѸչ˰˰ٶˡ
ȰЩѵãųȥ̶ӣڶǰٴη
˳ȻҲҪл¬Ŀǰע׶ļݣһҪ£֣Ϊɱ¬׼
˭Ҳû˼עķ߾Сǵ
˱鱨Ӫţµϣֵصİڵţǵȵأشƽԭެƽһգִ᧿Σĵز˲Ȼ
պҪ˼¾ա
ũ²㱨ϢΧũﳤƶȻģķա
쵽꣬ȱʳ
䭴ɺ
ҪΪͱ׼ҪȥǵȵػҪຮı
ûƭʿǣʵʵ˵ɻѶȣϾµİѾһʱڼˡ
ԣ䭳ⶨķ꣬ڼ䲢һʿһҾС
ǾͿԸԼѡھӪ硣
ߣÿ˶ʮ
һǮ㹻ʿڼ簲ҵܴʹԸⱳǰΣּı߽
ԲǲСѹ
ˣ䭵ⷽһ⵽ֵ¿ķԡ
Ҫʵڲ٣ߴʮ򣬱κһζࡣ
ڼ䣬Ҫӽʮÿʿĸ;öͣǰӸǮ֧Ųôá
ǮǿѣԼûУҲǡ˵
гӣһһλسʱϲصɴ۾
£ǲǷͭ󣿡
ǰɹ˹ĳֵ¿һ㶼жϡ
ûǣ
һʮ﷢󡣡
֪ģȴûôȥɣ˭֪Ȼǰˡ
ĵطǡ
յ䭵źȻͬǺӣʱެƽ˵Ⱥȶˣͻǡ
ԼȻ᲻ߺӣȴûбӰסСû£͸дţ˵ϣެƽЩ顣
䭱鼳ݰ͹ԸһƫһЩĹְȺúöһ£Ժ鿼ĸְ
˭֪ǾȻѡȥطϰ
ެƽķԺ󣬶ߴصƶ˵߷ֵصϢĽѣ׷ױǰͶ߰ˡ
Ҫ˿ǱߵĹ鼳Щ鰲õʺϸֵϡ
ǸǸأŰˡ
פǵ󣬵ؽɺˮǱ֯꾮
˭Ҳû뵽꾮굽
ǲʶʯǼʶȴϳġ
¾˵󣬸ֲǨƵطȻԻެƽ鼳š
鼳ֽ»㱨䭡


199 
ǽ㷢ֵģ׵ѸٷϢ 
̾
Լܹ߲٣ҪմݵĹ⡣
ûŮˣһʼģ ţһɳ ܴԽԽӵĲ쵼һ
ǣټϲƿԣ дȫ֧֣ ֻҪͰذѹȥˣĹѡ
ýȫûЩطϰù 죬 ǲҪʳסУ ѹɧң֮ìܣ أ ֵָȷ涼ҪܣŮȥЩ£ض
ѡ
ֵ¿ҲЩ죺
Ϊ͹ǣ ڲְ
˵Ҳͣ
һֱʹ Ҳ
Ӫʱ ͻͼط ոϢ
ʱ˵ͼĳ谮 ɴϻ۵Ůһ߳˺լ ҲѸٳɳϴʵġ
ԭЩĹû뵽־ڴˡ鼳˵ǰһֱûţ֣ʱͶԼǰй滮ˡ
£ԺҲҪƵģѵҪ͹
Ŀǰ˿ϡ٣˿ɲռһô͹ȥľĹ
һ˵ЩˣԺ󶼻Ϊʱ
䭵ûһǡ
ŮӵĲܣͲڽʩչ
ŮԭǿԺһʤθְֹġ
߳δƱһأΪŮӴһµĳ·
úãܸ־Ůµİ
ʵҲö
ϾĿƿƶȣܶʿǰҲûκľ飬Ҳһֱӱίɳһô
˵£ֻصϡ
ȻѾ򣬱ȻҪɡ
Ŀǰҵɹ첿ģҲû
漰Ҫɲȥܡ
ǱҲҪȥɵóʵͷ𣿡
Ůӣ彿ȥȽϼĻһ㶼ԱŮԱ඼ȥȶԭǰ
ԺѲɸһ顣
ԺǿҪĲԴ֮һȥˣҲպܴȨ
˵֮ӦԱȥ
ǴΪŮרſٵΪ·ŮԱ½ԱһóȨҪ˶ãֳԱô
磬Ҵ¬ȥ
¬棿䭾е졣
ֵ¿ѵ
һԱѡοԵŮףҪȥˡ˵¶Ц⣬ŮǹĵɽȥĩҲȫš
ԭԺ䭼ǵ¬ֵ֣¿ԴŮΪأԼҵ¼¬沢ʲôرıʾҲͰеǵ˼ˡ
Ůڹٳϵı֣ڵʱͬѡεĹУŮٮٮߡ
Ҳˣ¬̻ϴͦмʶ
߹
شģ¬ʤŮڰȫҪЩҪԸ
߹
ģ¬ǻЩȭŹģԱû⡣ߣǻлôֶǿ϶ϽƵסģǰҲȥüֲ䡣õĻᣬܾҪûǾͶȥˣ
䭿óúΪ¬ĸȡεĲ¡
˵˵¬ǿҲϽĲηգȥҲԡ
ðɣȻǶû⣬ǲ¬ȥ¡
*
߷µ󣬾ѳ㣬ǵļӵȴûôˡ
٣ҵĶˣܵͣһȻĲ̫ĸá
һߵʿǶ´η֮绢ھɽӺᶨ˾Ҫбҽзʽѵ
ȥ½ʮʿ
Ϊʮˣӵۿνɷѿġ
Ҳʶ˾ҪؽڹǶͿպĿתƵ˸صĸϡ
ϸ׵壬űƽԭĸ̴֡
һԴӽ׸쳭Һ󣬽ƽԭÿ¾иꡣ
һϦ֮䣬˵Ĺܿؾͱʮˡ
һңϾɱͷЩҲȫţľս
ΪԱֻܸӽܵԼͶĿɽТֺ죬Ϊס龫ǡ
ΪϲķСǵҲúܲù
ͷСĿɽٸṵ̀СǿûС
һСҪĿ˰ǵعԱǣɰԽԽˡ
˶ɽȥµ뷨
Ǻµйģ֪µж
˾᯴Ǹ٣Щͼѹե˰յĵ̰ٺѹեֱȥ˾٣ʱЩӴֵ̰ٺܿͻ
룬˻᲻Լò״µĻҵ
ϾǶɽȥ԰Ժ޷ڽϻƽԭˣòЩطĻԴᶪʧһƬֹг
ǱߣҲһǿ뽭ȣطǲ̫Զˡ
ˮ̫ǳĵطվ̫㰡
ǣֻ̼һŹٸӳص̰һаյǻ
²ǻӶ԰Ҳð
ֻҪϺƽԭܹϽǵĴܺܿƣΪԸðŷգиľṩ
ƫƫһ㶼ûҪ˼ɰ˸ˡ
ӵ۶һлȻ֪
֪Ȼг͢ҵʱҲһֻ޶ұӻֻ̻⣬Щһʼί顣
ʾֻ᳭һңЩ˶ȷʵаѱץЩĴǱܿ찲
õ㹻Ǯƾӣܲڳ̫󷴵ӵ۶ľ⡣
֧ģȥӪӲ
ܼල£һ֧ѵ״̬ȽҪáֱװҲʽĳԣơ
ǣȫǷѵģܵӰ죬ǽ򶫾һηµľӡ
һ֧ӣԼǧգӵ˰ȫС
Ŀǰû˼ȻҲȥǡ
Ȼһֱ䭹£ǴȺʵʱһش䭡
ʼԴĿǰʵһ绢
ûǼõ䷽ʵź
ǱߵҲǻ֣ҵֻܰĿŵ֮Ψһһ䷽ϡ
׵ģЩʿ䭣ӵ֪ͼһڰ˽ȥ֮ǰԼе䷽
˵ĵ˾ѡ
ѵûذڽɽǱ㲻ܾܾһİ֡
ʼҽǢ̸С
̲˳
Ǳ߲Ͻ䷽ǮƷҲϣ˵׸·;ңԶ̫ľ衣
ҲУҲУӵ۱ùǺ
˫Э̺ո˸ģɵĻش˵ȵʱʵʱǻҪϡʱ򣬻ԿǸ׳Ʒ
ӵ۲֪ʲôʱҿǸʵʱֻܼ׼ܳΪǰߵĵطݡ
һģǰĴսսķǷ֪ⳡı־һͬΪⳡս


200 
䭵ؽбߵõ˿յĻӦ
ɺ ʮֻһ¾ˡ䭰±Ӫڱͥ²ܽͷʮ±ǰͥӪѵˡ
֮ǰ 䭻սֵйʿ뽫٣һֱͻγΪ±Ӫĸ٣ 帺ֵĽѵ
ѵľɾ²ͰȥԼڼ򶫽һѲӡ
 شƽԭ ˼أӲͲϸµؼֵĿʵ
عϵĻʯսؼĺڱϣ κб˽һĴ¡
Ŀǰ ˾ֲϣ 涼ʱû⣬ѲɻصѾ³ ֻһˡ
 ǹ꣬߹ֵ¿»Щ׽֮˶ܸˡ
߹²ؿʼﱸ ֵ¿һ£ڹһ׼ϯǵġ١
Ȼ һԱľ鼱ȴ䭺ܿ⡣
ʱ߹һţ 鼱֣ ߹ʶͷһ
䭿ż üͷ΢ ͸Щ
ˣеʵ
ҡҡͷ
û¡ɳб䣬εɳʵ¬ĳӰټλˡ
һǰ¡
ɳ׶ķǧļҲҪʮܰϢͻķǣ¡ѩ׷ɣÿн·̷ǳޣķͻǿ߹ٷվҪЩ·ҪʱϢͻ÷ǳͺ
ҲҺ㹻͵һʱѡɳ۹׶˴̽Ϣ֣ȻͺȴҲ֪ܵңԶɷ顣
߹ɳԭǱߵĶԹ𲢲˿
ֻڹ˻ʵۣӦöûӰɣ
䭵
λߣӲԭס
ҲǺ鱨ӪԱפɳ׶֪¬λĹؼʱڣƲ¬ԥѡǸԭ
֪£Ϊ¬ĳӲ֪ܲ
һ丸ڶչؼʱڣڹ丸ǿеӣʵ޴ý޻˵
ǵʱ˽¬Ǳߵֱܽ¬̳лλʸ
һԼǿĴȻɳ۹ĻʵۣɻƵȶԴв
ңҪΪǧʿģ׳ɳʵۣҪ𣬾ûһңȻҪɳ۹սˡ
ɳ۹ս͢Ϳ϶ᰲ֡
ɳƱ仯̫죬Щ
ʵ֤Ⲣ죬յɳĵڶ鱨
ɳ۹¬λ»һΪ׵Ŀ
ɳҵ飬ϱߴӵĹȡ¬ǻǰӵĹȷװͻⳡıɱӵı
ɳ׶ĹƽȺ鼤ܣ˵̫ŰԵȻ׶ɱǵĻʵۣ𲻱ɳ۹޴档
λһĽѵ
ɳ۹׶ĹǶ˵š
ռλİһȫĹ嶼ͨ˴¡
ڴĴ÷Ц
˲Żʱȥɱ¬
ݺͼɳĿ֮ս
ĻҲȷֻõóס
ͼɳսȻӰ̵
ûô򵥡
εɳʵ޴ҲԼƨµĻλûȵʱ򣬾óȻս
λһȴȫͨ˴¡
ֻ˵һֵıһʼ¬λӾ֪ġ
ֻſܰ⵹λĸʣɳ۹Ļλ
Բôⳡս¶޷ˡ
䭽سټ˵¡
ϳֵ¿ҲǴʧɫ
ŸոϢһ꣬һսͱȻҪӦɳֺͳ͢ĵˡ±ŸļûãƾԭıֻºӦԡ
ֲͬ硣Ȼũ£ȴȫĽϤģ֪һսҪЩλ
¼ϲеʮ±ǵı̫ˡ
磬ⳡսѾܱ𣿡䭣ϣʵ
ֻ»û˵ұƽ£ֻܰ￤ô˵ô졣
ûⳡսѾɱ⡣˶Щס䭰
ûô⡣ɳӦò뵽ǧľ룬һô͵õϢ
ɳȫǱѩأҪ˵Ҫȵ¡мʱ䣬ǿܶˡ
ߣɳ̶һʱ任λʵۣҲȶЩǵĻᡣ
ֵ¿˽䭣⻰˼ϵ΢ɳЩ
ѾˣǳȱԸԼְ֮ڵ鼴ɡ
οصͷ
ˡȻ߹
֯ж޷棿
߹
Ҽǲˣ޻գľûз꣬ԭǴٶ֯Щ޲Щԭϵġ
޻ĺôǰ͵õ֤ũ²£ֲ޻ĵطǶҪԼһĶеĿ
һ¼·ٸдա
Ͽļţٸչ޻ȥ屶ϣǸعʣȻҪ֯޲طڲС
ЩȫҪá˵ļŲȥܣӰӵ
߹Щɻ±ľҲѾһˣм׵ʣء
Ҫб𣿡
䭰˰ûлشת˰
ֵ¿Ҫ֯ʹľ裬Ҽ͢Ҫ˵ʱС
ֲֳϣĽũߣȷũҵոֲܵӰ졣
ҢҪǿ˲ŵ
䭴ǺͽģҪɳ﷽бҪ֤£ܹһ󲿷ֻɳ˲š
»ǱߣҪȫĶ̾ڵС͵ҲͣЪ

Ȼ꼸ûݼ٣˶æµжɹ
ϸµķԸҲ˵䭼뿪ˡ
ȥûһ꣬߹ֵ¿䲻ᣬʲôҲû˵
ⳡ̷Ǵ򲻿ɣһҪӮ
ϼ縺ŵģİΣǲĽŲֻܰҪҪһкڹ
ûһʱ׼䭾ʹŴԼһ뿪ǡ
Ŀĵެƽ
ϵެƽʱѾ¶ʮߣߵެƽҲǱѩء
ެƽ鼳õϢ־ϲܳӭӣ
ôʱ򻹳ţ캮ضģˣ
ǳ飬鼳Ǹж
ô裬ʵ곤ެƽȵضճɲʳȫ㹻ˡ
䭺شж᣺
Ǹǵġ

鼳ľϲϡ
䭵
ҪһЩ˻꣬ҪЩ
һЩ˻ꣿ
鼳һس٣ҲͷˮȫԼҿ˼
ͱǬɽԶ²Ҳͽӻˣܽ˭
ȻҲûɻ̫á
Ϊ䭵͸ˣϣҪƹسǣԭֵĵ򶫣ֱȥ¸صؾ
ֱӱҪüأֵĵ̹ȥֱӾǸߣǿҪʡ¶ˡ
һһֱల£ڸĹҲûʲôפ
Ӹ£ѹȻӹߵĳǽ˸Ļǹ֣ؽϳʱϡ٣ǰҪעϱߡ
鼳ã󽫾ͻȻһܾϲ


201 
Ȼ꽫 ƽʱȴûʲô̫
Ӫʮˣܹˣ˾ͽڹвͣ ²ʿҲǹһٱƽʱʢķˡ
ȫ޷ݼҾ졣
΢ľøˣ Ϊ˻ǵҪ壬ǵĺСС;ҪٻΪū ǵĸĸһ˲ʹ ֻӲҲֻһϯһg
Ų«£ÿֻѵʱ΢ůЩ˳Բ ѵҲ ˮɱ ҲůӪѵ
ԴʱֻܼӪ˴˵ºͻѿ졣
Ȼţ ȴðա
һԶɱ óͨţȻ˳ǡ
ʱ˭Ҳ֪ʲô𺳵Ϣ
󽫾ʴŶ
˷վ
˶ˣ

ƺƵкüˣ
ٽĴŭ
̫ٽ ǴĲǺúù갡
˷ס
ǲܾʲôʱֻȫ
аվܵ ˷֣֯ ȫŲ
˵ ŵƸߣ ǶŸǳ⣬ ϣѹ
ҲԵֵӸߴʹȥĹʯϮ
ҪȡţȻḶ޴Ĵۡ
ӪʿǱߺŰʯ͵ȸسǾ裬ÿһŮǽҲ˺ܶ๭ͨʿ
Ҫʲô
еϮ
ʿһ߸ɻһ߽ű˴˵ɻ
ϮѾˣΨһҪģľ𣿡
ľˣ
ǿµĵˣ֪ΪʲôײʿﺦµͬʱȴЩ˷ܡ
Ϲٵ£ǽϲǾͨʿսǰĽš
ɫľӣɫԽԽӰСѾӽصʿǽķΧˡ
뵽Ҫ˵ľ޴ʯȥʿЩ̡
Ȼɫľͣɽ£мֳó·
һżʮֻɫĶɽ΢һǱĽ
򣡡
Ҫʲô
ųǽֻвһĿȣмĶŶģŴм䣬ŮǽϵʿܺؿЩɫȺ
ʿķɻسǵҲסˡ
ûйԣʮҲӰ֣ȫûҪ˷޵ĹʯʹȥɱЩˣϾ׼ͷߣ˺ٵܷӵޡ
һɣ͸ЩᣬһͲ״ԳǽϺ
ͬǲҪţûж⣬ֻλ͵Ŵƽ࣬һֻ޷ʮʳ͸ҹ꣡ɽ£ֻҪǴ򿪳ţ̾ܰѶ
ʿɢʮΪͲ״ųǽ
ǣ̼ǽϵʿǶ֪¡
ʱҿɽµĿ
ԭеԶһе㿴ʲôЩһ˵͵ʳǶһȻô¡
ЩɫͷкֽǵĶɲȺô
Щƥŵĳ϶˵ʳ޷
ͨʿûôõ㲻ÿֵܷٶһֻ޷ʮʳӴԽۺ죡
һֻҪԶðԺˣ
ôʳ޷Ҷ̼ˣ
ֻҪ򿪳ͽЩǵˣ
ײʿˣųӴĶ飬޲̿ӭǽǡ
ţ
ʿǲ֪˭һڽ͵Ĳԭһһ㣬ʱԭҰѸɢ
ţ
ţ
ڣʿԽԽ
ɫࡣ
һȺĹƣ
ţ˭Ҳ
ŭȵ
Ȼû˸߿ĺС
֪ܷӰˣ嵶¥һںʿȥ
ʿһҽУѪߡ
˭ٺ³
Ķݺݵ
¥ʱѻȸ
ʿǵȷˣȻ־֮µŭԹȴڷ͡
ٽȻǲȱԣȱ
͸ǵƾʲôãѵֻЩٵĲ
ǲãΪɱˣγǵ˿ΪʲôҪЧңΪʲôҪΪĳ͢ƴ
һ㶼룡ЩǼͬ۵ǣ
¥ϵĵײؾʿжȼŭ
˷ˣ֪¥ϵΣնġ
Ҫڵʱѹʿǿŵĺص䣬ҲɻʿԽԹߡ
ص䣬ʱͺ𻩱䡣
Ҫô죿
˷Цһ
ֲֻŻģȥʿԣ
һҲǣЩ𣬾Ӫǳ⣬ջȻ޷Чˡ
ǣɽ°ӪկӪ˻ˣڴ󽫾£ÿ˶ԳԵһˮʮķˡ
ô£û갡ôôͿʼˣ
ӪʿǺܸˣͬʱҲܲ⡣
ܿ죬¥ϻʿǻˡ
֪оȻǰⰲǣֻޱȷ̡
ΪˣЩƽʱǵ˿Ľǻø𣿡
ˣô°
⻰ʱ˴ҵȤ
ʿѹŷŭѳ¥Ϸ˵һ顣
ûãӪضˣŵɽ£һֻͼ޷ʮʳ
һ£ɵҲ׾Ϊʲôǰǳˡ
ΪҪ
һҲͺ󣬴󽫾ԡ
ûЩ޲ðѪƤĽǣôܶôá
ǰ˶ٺ÷˵ʿǣеϲõȻ޴档
ֻˣЩٵĲŻʵضǺá
뿪Щþͻʧϴβô
Ҫͺˡ
ָָǳ׹ռǣǾ˳ع˳ˡ
˵˼أҪǿ϶¸ǡ
Ǹ챻ݣǶɡЩײʿȱϳ¥ڻҵġ
˶ͷͻȻ˵
ȻҶƴһѣŽ򿪳ӭǣʱ˵̵սٲãҲǱߵؾһ׷ΪʿݼŮ
ܿõ˵ͬ
µһʱķͣظֲÿײʿ
Ҫ˵ĵײؾûв˳ġ
ֻǲҡ
Ϊ͢ʵӻ۳еļˣӪеͬۡƺ£û˸һ
ļѾ˳£ֻҪ򿪳ţ´ʵܺܿƿظ졣
ʱ򣬳͢ôǵļˡ
ͷˣҲʿҾ
ǵܻ˻˹ϷʳĺӣΪʲôƴһѣ
£ԽˣµʤԽǱŽһģܴЩڴ󽫾ľж³Żأ򿪳ţǡ
һĶӳ쵼£ײʿ¸ҵؼηж
ʹûмģҲû˭ȥܡ
ʮ磬۸ߺ
ֵǣ尡Э򿪳ţӭǣ
򿪳ţǾƽع˳
ѱʿǳӪߺų¥¿ƳŵĻشȥ
ͬʱ¥ĵ㣬˳Ż´źš
Լ죬ȴһǡ
֪Ϣ˷ɾطѵʿ˫ڳƴɱ
ֻǳгң¥ϵĵײʿҲͬܲ뾫ųŵĻء
¾սǿȴվѲڡ
Żغܿʧأſ£
ǳлǳǽ϶ҳһţȻ˷ġ
ǵĵƵȻ޴棬ֱӴӳž˳˳˳ǡ
ˣ
ˣ
ڶѱؾϲߺ棬Խʿǣľӣܿóľɽ
Ҳ˵Ǻĵ࣬ѡͶ
˷ӼƲϽĸױӴܡ
ȻܶԭҼ뷴ѵʿҲס˷ӡ
Ӧ֮£䭵ľֻһʱͳռ˸ǡ
һܼѵĹսԼСȡʤ
ϦҹǵĳŶĿ졣
ʵŵԣɹؽӻؾһꡣ


202 
ȫǶû˵Ļɫ죬 ĵײؾǣǷңϢʶԼӴ˾µı ϶ϲõЦݡ
̫ҫڸʱ߳Ⱦ˹Ӧеϲ
˵˸ ȻҲûʳԣȷнȫץסҸӵľ˷²Σ ɽµȺɱ
 úһ´ҡ
ǣĵһٷʿǾͱһʳ Ŷδڴӭոµһꡣ
鼳˽
 ǵެƽ鼳ǧؾ֮һ
ʱвٵʿµ۷ Ҫ˳鼳ȴûдӦ һ Ҫǻص͢ľӪΪ鱨ӪĿĿ
ͨģȻЩʶġ
ΪЩӦһ ؾµŻңյĺƽݱ˳С
ΪЩͻһ ͷ졣
Щһʮˣ ģ ȴֻʮˡ
鱨Ӫڰʮ߶ȫ壬 μ
߽ã 鼳Ǽ鼳
鼳һ
٣ݼ
һͷˣ鼳ﻹһλ׵Ὣ
齫վţλȴŵġ
ɻŴ˵ݣĻ˶ʱͷ
ȻԼˣ
˺Щңͨһء
ǧ꣡
λʿˣɡθؾ˳ձ࣬ǡ
䭵׺͡
齫˵֧Сʮˣ˺ڣ
Ϊӳǰ㱨
һڳǽɿʿٽ֮֡˶彻սС
Ҳϧ
ⳡձ֮սǺٵˣȴɻ
˴󹦵ʿŸǵļˡ
л䡣
֪֯쵼ģҪ˼䣬֪ûôϵͳѧʶֲ֣࣬оȴмıԣ㶣
Ϊ죬дǱر±ʶҪúѧҪñʧ
ǣ
˶
ôı˳ԭĽֶץˣȻкܶλȱġ
Ǵˣܲ׿⻰δ֮⡣ǰȻҪúץסǡ
ĩˣַԸ鼳ЭǣĸؾͳƳ߶׷ΪʿҲҪϡһӦִ
ͳɣڸ쿪һ͸ᡣ
Ǹʿ
ǵļҾ춼õʮ
̨еʿĶȫС
ֻҪΪսˣûκκ֮ǡ
ţЩڱбӢµʿǱе̨ǰܱãв˶ӳ߶ͷŷǮ̨֯ⳡһԾһССĶӳΪ˵ĽЩлԾͷǣҲӪָʹ
ҵȫʿĳȡ
ܱΪԼ¸н¶ԺҪ¸һǰʿҲܹ衣
ǰûʲô̿ɴȻҲͺ˴ȵǨ
ǹ˳ۿ˸ƴɱܵõҫƸľˡ
䭳ȴǣ
ǰΣӽֻҪ׷汾;ǰһʵˣᾫѵǣĻǷ¸ҫ棬ǿɸƴɱ
ң
ң
ң
ʿȺ鼤

ܺãҶ־
ӳʼǽϿѵսɱԱı¡֮ǰҿÿȥӪǮʳ⣬ȥ˺úžۣǱǵĴڣ
⻰ʿǼ延뵽ûЩ˻жˣоȸԾѡ
Ȼǿʹµȳ͢ĹǿٱԺͷˣ
Ӫʿǣŷ˼ң˳ϲôȫǡ
䭷ȥܶණǮȴۡ
Ϊ˴ȥȫɱˣʳǮǾӪеġ
ӵʵʮ˲ٵʳƥ񶼻ڲֿ
䭶ԾٵĳѶ˷һֱͬĽ̰ī裬еʳ֮һƲӵʱߵĿظ߼ۻǮ䭾ǰʱڲɹʳкܴһľ衣
ʳˣøҪëϳԿõǲ֣ǻҪһľá
ʳûüµǮƣȻһֲٵ䭵Ĺ
ЩҪʮҵľѹСˡ
ȿʱһ֣ǲֵصĻԸߣ죬Ը㡣
죬½¸ϱߵļسǡ
ҲûʲôֱЮ˷󽫾˳˳ؽ˳ǡ
ʮ֮ǰʮӱȫձ¡
ˣ±ʮϣ㲻ǰһ׽ˡ
űߵɳûжʼץʱ
ʮˣʻӦսҪúһʱɵó
֪ʱ䲻ࡣ
һһ֯Ǳߵ֣衣
*
¶ʮ֮²Ŵ˾С
ⲻֽܹ̽Ǹĺܳһʱ䣬Ƕǽ״̬һȫȥ
ӵ۵̽ӷڵеֶΣұȼӵһյϢ
££Ⱦ檵ĸ磡
߻Ӵ飬ӵ۱񵥸߻ʹ͡
ΪһףĶӳɼҵǺܸ˵ġ
Խ߻û֧֣𼸸ҪӺܶ࣬ӵ۱ֻʹϷЩ˼
û취եһأǮʵҲԣ
ɺӡǣҲóȥֱֻʹͳųˡ
ϵӵʶü
ϽݣһûӣϲҲΪıȨŸô١
զզģʲôˣ
ʵ
Ͽ޵һѱһ᣺
ղŶ紫Ϣ˵Ǳݣ檵ĸ׺ʹ磬ȫֻҪɱͷ£ȡ
ӵȫجģʶվһȳһǰס죬ɫֲ
ʮؾռݵôݡ˵ô£
סһųҭŰ˵һ顣
֪ʮ˳䭣Ƿּʮûзκãӵǰ󷢺ڣܲסصĴֱӵڵء
ˣһжˣ
ԭƻøʮּл䭣ߵȫʲô
ȫռһգľߵϲȥ
ʧȥƿв䭵ʱֻԸ
ʮӣУֽǺεȵ绢
ǰʮֿʼԸ춯֣һǲǾҪֱȡǣ
뵽еĺӵȫѪҺҪˡ
죡Ϣй¶һ֣޸ǵͷ
ĿؿϣŵöԷֱʧ
ǰδеĻüӵֻܵҪϢ
߻ӵĻȻҲȫԺ
߻üӵأһڼֵĵλҲˮǴߡ
²̫ߵӵҲվ۰ģ֣ҵĵŮͻ
֣ǽԭĳ̫ʦԬҴ󲿷ļ壬Ǽӵ۵֧ߡ
һ׮ͻ飬ɾͽǰ߻ӵĴϣ߻ʽ˾е֧ߡ
ӵۻŵ鵱գ͸Ļλֳƽƽ
ݷʮ꣬ҪԼȨλ߻ӺԵá
»˵ЩʲݣҲܰͦصӵĻӸ߸ϵ
Ϊĸ˵ʻϣб͵㳡档
Ȱȣһֱͷ׷ǣҲûȵˡ
˵ʥּʹͶûС
˵һЦ
űɢĻӸ߻ͷһЩ
νĿأһһεؼʱܾ˳Ц
ڹʱˣʱˣ黹ˣ
ίʮ꣬Ժֻж೤


203 
߻ӵıʱ Ѿǵڶˡ
߻ӴŻ֣ǰȥаݼָЩļӵ۵𻰡
ʶҪվ̣ ȥһ֡
ӵۿڵ
߻оȣ»飬 ʾȥôԶĵطܲѰ
ʣʲôˣ
ӵû ı˵һ顣
߻ӵҲ˰أ ȥܵȵʰѻλһ
ʶѱˡ
ʶλȷʵίˣ ĿǰΣ ǲýƽԭʿġ
֮ ߻Ѿ׿ˡ
ֻҪʵĻλһܵвĸһձӵȨ١
ĸ ԶǱίһ
ԹΣ δᣬֻӵ۸һСԹҪ߾ȫȫʵĻλ
ʣ˵ ΪʲôԸҪ ҵĻüЩʲô
ӵ۹ȻĶ£
εֻĸӣ ȥ֣ һҪϧһдֳ Ҹסǲ䭼ˡ
ǰְڽɽϢ ķһǽش˾дٹ
ǵ֪ʮؾҲУֻ»ӡ
κƽ˶ΣֻȫȫԼĸӡ
Ϣ֮ǰҪ޾鷳еЩ˲Ųˡ
̸ег߶ȣ޶ƿء
߻֪Դǿ󣬲ǳֶ͢Ƕֻ֣ߺſʵֶش
ϴ̸УǱҲûоܾ볯͢˼ڣΪ˱⳯Ļɢϣٶȳһĵʤ
*
䭵δӰĲǼӵۡ
յϢͼҲо˼в
񲢲ǶʱԣûٸϢʱ䡣
˭ҲûϵѸٵضԸ֣һֱ֣ŤתԭĹơ
˸ʮѾǬɽһγķ
ռߵȿԻʦԮǬɽһߵֱĽ򶫿ԶǽԮӸ췢ȥߵıֲԭҲܽ
ʹòֻǴ͢Ҫʮֱ
еʶٸʱ䣬ͷ޽ܿɳҲ޷Կĵز
죬ɳǱ߱ˣ
ͼµ
ڼ߻֮ǰɳš
߻Ӻһļϴ˺ȷ˳ʱ䡣
һѵõûгûҪЮ͢
Ȼ칲ͬѾ䭵жԵĹʶ
*
¶ʮߣǡ
󽫾鼳Ҵ߽Լ㱨
̽Ǳڴݣֻºܿͻᶯ͢棬ҲѵıƽԭϵֻҪԮٴ
鼳ϵ硣
䭵
ֹˣһҲع㷢ǳͬ¹ֲԭ
鼳Ȼ
졭裡
ǰ˸ؾҲʼżˡ
Ӧȫ䭵ԤС
ΪΡ֮£鼳Щʳȴʱбסˡ
䭵ǲҲΪԼĵ
ΪĿǰõʱǱΪǿ
һ꣬ڿ˵ȫĸι̡
ֱǵңΪǿûô˿뼼һ֮Ѹٴʳƥ׵켼Ҳ׷Ͽ
ɳǱߣһλʵָۣӶҲȫûܾ£ʱ
ıһ۷ͣʿԳ͢Ƴ磬Ҳлɳ˵ʱ
ٵһ꣬ʵȻǿ˵ĵҲǿ
ʵںϣ׵Ļֻͨȿĳɳ졣
ǲԸɳҲͬԸʱ䡣
һ鼳ķڷǲ翤ȫֹۡ
ǽô죿
ĵˣԽγİΧĿнӽʮȴжʮ򶼵ͬ±ⳡ̲ô
øΣ
ʵſУ˼
鼳£
ӦøƣͨأһƱǿ
û
˼·䭵Ĵһµģ˵
ΪһҪԸǳ͢ƱлһߴɽһߴӶɽһһΧǡ鼳⣬
ȻѾ˺ܾãо·˼ʮȫûиλѵĿԡ
Ļû˵¾ǺҪΣȻδ֮⡣
ĺĶԭΪϣȻΪʵۣƿԭء
ʧ˵ԭҲԶıҪ
䭾ãⲢǵ֮
붦µľܽͦ鼳Ұ޴ʱᱬ˵ɱǿǣḶܴۡЩطǿԱ
غǧ˿ڣסеıϾˡ
Ҫǿ¾
Уж޹İպʿɥ
֮󣬾ҪͳΡԭ˿ڶ࣬ͳȫ˿ϡٵı֮ô򵥡
ҪǧյʳסУҪֺǿо˼߽
ˣԭڼӵٷһţƽ߽ȡ
߽Ҳػ֮֡
ֲԭ˿ڻϡ٣ֻͥߵ˿ڣʹִҲܺ÷ء
ҪǱߡ
ֲԭסһٶɢֲڴССĲϡ
ֺɳı߽߽ӽǧﳤɳĳǧٶҼûκϡķɻʮѡ
ҪȷֲԭİͱȰɳС
ֵƸӵֶ֣Ļɢ˺ʹƽɳǸӡ
һ;ˣҪɳ
׼һ£ʮսǿıʮպ汾ǰʿԸ
⻰鱨鼳Ժ̸ֳʿλá
˵λɳֵĽ紦ɳ׶ǧǿУɳ׶ĵط
˾ɡ
ֻҪɳ׶ɳǺܴ塣
ңɳƫϱߵҲɳѵõط֣Ϻõļݡռ׶⼸ݣסɳȫľ
ǣɹ˿ء
˵ͱױܽסɳɳ֧Ԯһ֮ģʿһڰ;ס
Ҫ볯ͨ͢Ҳɺӹļܡ
¼̾ȥ׼
鼳Ǹɾ
Ը鼳ֱַ·ָǲ
ֱǣ
ͥԤǬɽһߵͻϮߵˣ˺Ǹıػξĵǣϱ̩紦
ͥʮϣЭԭؾɳĽǰ£ЭԨػشƽԭϷӳû
ϣǮһΧ˵սʽĻ


204 
ɳʹ εİһڻƵء
Ϊʵۺ󣬴ǰЩĹŮǶ֮ͣ ɵķҲ֮ۻңġҲ˸Ŀѣԡ
ÿն֣ ߵһ񣬶丸ԭڼ˹ݵľɲš
ȻЩǹ߻֮Щõ¬صģ Ǵ¬ɱıըУ ǱɹӶˡ
Щ˱¬־԰һڸոռλʱͶ⿪սø켺Ļᡣ
ǾвŻ
 Ϊʲô ôԸ˵ ļ̳ǰά»ӡ
Ļ׾ٵ˰еķߺޣʹµֵĻʵ۵Ȩ Щͨͨ
Ȼ Щ֮ѸٵسЩĹ͡
³ǰԼɳǲ֣кɳıָ
ЩûԵÿɳɥ֮Ȯ Ȼֻõػĵߡ
Щսӣг˶Դĳޣ һĵҪԼļ԰ ׾ͱʹֶΪã ԭͷ죬 ȻҲǳǱɱˡ
Щˣ ɳūձѵЩܼǧɢֲɳΪ
ɳ˿Ҳǧȴֲ˹ĹϡκһطһСĿοı뺷ȫѷɫ׶۹ŵĵľ
ˣΪ¬ѹ˷ߣǰһƿ׶ĵ۹ʮš
죬Իʵ۵ټ׶ԣ˿ҲܵļݵĲǰ׶ᣬǲֲַԭ
ɳһĹңͨ㣬ºܶһȥԶĵطҲ׶ݺңʵ̫˽⡣
ǵľλԻңҲЧڻʵۡ
»ʵ˵¬ϱλԵӵıɱҪȫ֮޷Ȼԡ
ǵ壬ҲǳڶǿȨη塣
Ҫǣλֲԭӣǣ
ֲԭϵţȺϺҪ࣬ҲůԽԭ϶ˣǸӸĴضǻƽˮС󣬻⻬˿۵˪ǣµĴ˳Ůū
ֻҪܵȡЩö

ΪʲôıֺǿʢȴӲðɳ۹˫꣬һҪԭΪϱƤȴǡ
Щ屻˵ĳ
ֻҪλӣǾܳԵ
û
ȴҲһЩɣ
λ˵ôöԸıֺô˵Ļ
˵ǣ
ҵѣҴû˵λӺöԸҲҪҵġҵĹʹ֮ΪУΪŽᣡ׶ֻ׶͵Ϯҵĸڶȫ²ʣµΪűλӷֱˣ
Ǻ
ʿǣ¾õĻᡣѾǿֺɺһṲͬлλӣĸʣλһֱܼɵ޴ĴʵۣҲû
뿴ֻҪƴӲǣϱߵĲԭһĴӶᣬʲôɲЭ߾ȫȥƴһΣ
ңҪǣλֻжʮӣҪӦԸΧˣֳֻܷ嵽ʮˡôٵĵˣѵǻûսΪǵ¬±𣿡
ŵңϱʲôǶҪϽȡʤ֮ǰ˱ӵ۹ųٵͳһָӣ˭ҪΥж¾ǣ
Щֺ֪вҰܣ඼ǰŵľ޴ɱ˫ۣʹδɱεģв֮ҲЮŲò
ССĹ߰˰ˣÿ˶ܹ׼ٵǧʿū
ʵҪôˣǶսƷʱǰδеĿ
ǣȫݵǣðԼľλȼɳӦʿū
йϵ۹ţɳĳʮˡ
УʮЭ۹ػ׶ģʮˣǱ·ǰֲԭ
ɳʷϣǹģƴĶս
һλ׳٣һȻԵá
˵λӵ¾Ȼʱפʿܻ׶ķһһ㶼ú¡
Ͼ߾ɻǧԶ߽ô򶼲вİȫ
鱨§޵鸾
ߣλŵĴӾȻͶŰɣҪΪʼׯ԰ͼū
ԴġǵֺѾðŴѩΪ˵һס
ʹλӵ½פʿأʱƶϣ͵ĶѾɳˣΧ׷½Ҳ׷ϡ
ѾΪλӵ׼壬ʱǾͻףԴ¬һľȫը졣
Ȼ£ȻԸ鸾е
һ٬鸾°ͣ˵ܴͦСʱҴһȥĴɱ
Ѿá
ΪƽĶ֣ʱȻ޷ӵаһõ̬
֪սȻѡʿͱȻֱȡɳ׶
ȷһսʡܹ²һĻʵۣûĸ쵼߻սԡ
ͨ׶·ϣΪľӾ塣
ھ߾³ǱرҴѴ󲿷Ҳڴ˴
³Ǳ֮ǰЩȻµʿУΪеĳǱס
ɥʧģ³Ǳͻ׶Ŵ򹷡
ʹõսֻҪǶԸûвЧġ
ڶ±ֺս㣬µʿҲıһռ˺ܴһ֣Ҳġ
ڶսףɱЧ쳣ϲ
սҪʵ֣ҪȷľǣֺҪ˳ʹ³Ǳ
ˣȻƿȫ֣ȴһֱעһ׵г̡
һͬĽҲͬһ׵ȥʾǡ
;Ǳڶ࣬Ҫȥɳ׶ȫƹǱЩ׷һ;˵鷳ˡ
Ϊǵȷ簣һϣ޷׷صһס
ҪɳֵĽ߽Ҳܳӽ˰
Ҫ˰ﷶΧڵ֪ǵһ·ߣȷʵһѵ¡
׷鵽ǵ·ߣѾɳڡ
Ҫ׷ǣҪԽصĳǱ谭
ɳϲ߽ΣˮطԽ˿Ҳܼ
͵һƬǷĹǵĳǱҪԽǵ谭׷֧úѡ
ɫȻûͶĽ
鱨ӪѾ̽ˣǵĿĵӦ³Ǳ
ɳоԼ³ǱĹģⶼһֵͱ㡣
鷳ɳǿӿݵĵ·ٶҲѾսɳ˻׶ȫַ
ԣȻ;±ͻ
ⲢûĽǣ
±߾ôԶԶˮȲý𣬵鱨Ӫֻû취ס֧顣
ŰɣӦúܿͻϢ
ѾӦԷŸµ÷֪ô¡µѶȲߣһ鱨Ӫʿϣʧܵļʲ
øлṩı
ǽ²Ŵ鱨Ӫ֪λǰͶɳɳϱʱıĴߣٳֺɳĺȥĺ̶ֵҲƵ֮䡣
͵ºͷ۾ˣɳҲûôۺͿˡ
ˣѵɳʿɵɳߣԼװԭҲԡ
ЩԱıϣ鱨ӪɳжЧɿȻҲ
ȫ벻鱨͸
ƵĵȴУ±¿ӱ޵ͻجġ
̨͵׳⣡
һʲôˣ
˵һھ±һٶʮСϢʱصӾ٣ҹ֣ȫըûˡ
˶ըˣ
λӾǷ֪֪ǵ۹Ҫľ裡
µ
ѾʹˡλӾ˵͸ʵ۱µĽҪ֪٣˶򲻹ԲŰҹϢķŻҡ
ʹ׳ʱҲǰ󷢺ڡ
ڷŴ׵ĵطŻ𣬼ʹûȫҲȻըмըΧлǾе׶޷⡣
ǧҲû㵽һ޴̰ССӾеף
ùɳ۹˽ò
ɳ۹ССĹˣЩ˴ϾԼССķϣʶЩũūö٣ÿ˶Ӻãȴ̰ᡣ
Ϊ˵õĲʲô¶Ϊ档
ʹ֪ط֣λӾ󵨵Ϊܵϸʲôء
ûˣʮڵǿȴﵽ


205 
ԤϵĲһ 䭲ûʮȫɳǷֳ˷ɳֵı߾ж֮佻ʵ· Ȼɵķƽ
̱ǰΪĸ˳
ɳ߾ûפ ĶһЩ̫ӵĹ壬ͱޣһȥ±أ ԺƺƵ ߾һǱֱӾƵʿǺ͹زƲˡ
һܣطΧڵ˿ھȫһɢɳ û֯ߣ ¶ũūūǣ ҲûзʶֻɪɪضԼķ һž߿ľܱǣ ӿµǿﱣס
䭴ž߽ǱµĴ䣬ֵ·뼯һ˶ûУټС򰲾
׶Щ˶ԣЩߴžͺǿһ£ ҲżһӪ˵ǱѰһ ȷû Ŵ˽˳Ǳ
ռݵĵһɳǱ ԭһӾ Ͻǧ Ϊ˿ڳܣطΧȲķǵӾԼֻһôСΧļɡ
λӾĳǱ޽ҲȽϼª
óλӾʹҪˣõƷֵǮĶȫѹһա
ĿǰѾһ󣬲ôصĲˡΪͳߣص˳ԱůĶ
ҲӾ޷ߵġ
ǲѰӣǱʱͰЩѲˡ
λӾֿʳʳԼʮ֮⻹вһǧͷ߰ʮͷţɲҲ˺üֿ⡣
֮⣬ﻹʮеū
ԣЩǿ׳ūȫˡ
鱨ӪĳԱ·֮ǰȫũūūС㳡Ҫ
ūھ䭵ѵȥ궫ߵѾһϸ鱨Ӫָʹ
ȥķչ鱨Ѿǧˣһǧٶ˶ɳũūū
ΪӪÿӪԭˣɳ˻϶ɣӪָʹ䭵ԭָʹÿӪһˣһɳˡ
һָʹ
˷䣬֮ЭںϣǳҲб˹
еףȻܸõ뵱˽
鱨ӪɳԱĴ£ڶ磬ӾǧũūȫѲ˷Ĵӻ㼯㳡ϡ
˵ǧѾнˣֳܶʿ˿κηΪͬһѱعڵϡ
ֳܰСӣҲҳ˵
ÿ˶Ϊδ˿־š
ռأһᱻ°ӳūɱ
㳡ʱĸ̨ϣװӾǰѰӣױִëȣмʮױվгź˸ĳìţǳдߵų
˶վ
ɳ
һʱ䣬æҲѾİԡ
ĻũūǲΥվ
䭼
ͳϱ߲ԭ֮ϱߴӽҲǵµʿԶǵӾҪ˺ǣΪ˽ǣ
ºͣþ֮ũū𽥱ûô£˼Щ΢졣
Ȼ˵˺ǡ
֪ÿʳҪÿҪΪǵĻõǿǵ޸ݾñӳǡǸ˼Ͷȴ޷Աůʱѹ˺ǳӦã
⻰ũūǵǿҹ
һļæµͣЪջ񵽵ĴʳȴߣϻųصۣÿÿһҶҪȥѷ죬Դʳ
ϰΪȴûκһ˾ʹࡣǲҷȨ
λնظǣǲӦõġ
ڱϣÿĶأϵճֻҪϽһΪ˰ĶԼÿʮۣǲҪΪʱ䣬ʵұ飬ÿǷʳ빤ǮǼͶ
ֻҪطɣȥǵĹԼûκ˻ǡǺܸԣÿ춼ܳԵİŸ󣬿ʲôʱʲôʱ⡭
ǰ
µũūǱĳ㲺ݵд˿
ϾȻôõǰʴȵĴڣ
˳Ӧǵ䭴
ֻҪЧڱͽΪϿɵҲͬǣ
⻰̱лũūվ
ΰʥСԸЧӴ棬ѣ
ͷũūȿֺģֳʱҳһš
̧ѹʾ˰
˵Ӧʣ˭ԸЧұվұߵĿյȥ
ûж
ϾũūҲɵʴӵǿӵǰ˭ԸЧǸֻѹեǵľأ
ǣ䭾˰ճǱҵĵǼᣬÿһ˽ӵЩء
ҲÿԭֵأԼġ
ĩˣٴǿÿһ˶ҪסӽԺֻһɸ˰Ժ˭ضˡٸҪʳʾӸǹٸӡ£Ұֻм۵һɵļ۸չ
⣬ÿһõʳףǹ˳ӭ
ųʳӣ뵽Ժֻýٵĸ˰ÿȥһܴ¸ʳũūǸѣг˶İӵ֮顣
ũūǱ֤ԺѲӣȷ˰պһֱִС
ΰľҪ뿪Ǳȥĵط𣿡
Ⱥиʵ
䭵
ûΪҪȥ׶λаɳʵۡѹեȺǵˣֻдӻλϸ̨ǲõһɵĸ˰һũūҲܵõȣ
˾ĺͱߵļ㡣
Ǹũūж
ҼľӣΪЧаɳʵ۲̨ͺܻܿѹեǣҲҪһŬ
⻰һ͵õ⼸˵Ӧ
Ҳ׷Ϊɳʵ۹һ
ҲҪ׷Ϊػǵļ԰ػԼս
ũūһЩѪҲĶˡ
԰ҪŵþãҪ֤ʵ۲ɱռƬء
Ǳ뾡аɳʵۣҪΪػԼԼļ˶ս
ԽԽũūӦ׷ĺ˷
䭶鱨ӪɿЧ⡣
ܺãұ԰ľıˣȻˣǱԸξ׳꣬Ϊ¾ӵһԱ
ǵҪ񣬾Ǳ԰ٱаʵٴռԣǶҪΪӣǼܰҲܾͽչԼļˡ
ӲµľӣǳΪʿᵢеũԱᲹǡ
ɳʿĴ
Ὣׯ԰Щֵǣѵ֣֮ЩճɻΪճĿ
֮⣬ÿ»õҵҺᣬͭǮͬÿ궬ĸ·ÿٵʳԼÿĩׯ԰ʳճɷһʳĽ
ʣڽɳľ͡
ũūǲЩֻóΪʿĴ治һ뿪硣
ԭûξһЩˣҲ׷ӻԾվҪӡ
ֳѡǿ׳İˣǳΪ±
һѵصľӣ䶼ͷΪָʹȫȨӾص±ֲ
λίεĶͷǽܹɨäģճѵĻڣǶǱߵķҲ˽⣬ŹһӾز⡣
Զλͷճע䭱󲿶ӱһĿĵأȻٴθƵһӾصģʽ
֮ͬǣλӾûܣ䭵ľӹƳǱҳƽѹեũūŰɱū״նˡ
ۼƽӾնףΪѹǵĸΪɱصũūūǣ䭵ӵҡ
鱨ӪĳԱǣ䭵ļн·ߣʵؽЩط鴫
ǣܶطũūǶͨ·̶֪λͳϱ߲ԭǿΪ˽ݿѵũūūԶ
߹أũūūǶԼأΪͶҲÿϽһʳҲҸ
ǶѣеسƺλϱΪʥҵĵ


206 
̨ Ҿľʿһǧһˡ
֮УֵһСػ㱨
ͼֱӽֱߵ˳ȥ
һȺսҲ䣡
СΪԼͬŷֱ棺
ֻԶʵˣ ѹǵ׷Ӳãÿ ǾԶ׼Ͷʯ
һоҵ׳Ϊڵԭһȡʹǰķʽһ׶ˡսϣ ʵвСɱġ
оԶڵľȱͶʯҪߺܶ࣬ ٶҲܿ죬ҳǼлʹ ԷҲܺܿըеͶʯס
 ΪǵԶԷ ޷ըԷԶڵķΧڡ
֮ǣ˵Զܷã ǵף ȴиûһ
սԷҲޱĬսʤһ
ǵı࣬ԷȴҲΪģ Լߣ򲻹ܵģ ܰΧȦ ۽
ôʱ ǲʲôս ޷ͻı߾߷
ѾǱս֪ڼδϢˣ ͼ˵һѻƵġ
ʮɳ˵һξõĻᡣֻҪɳľܶľγشܽɳ
һͻΪһɢɳ
սһʼʹ󵨵طֳɱɳı߾޷ٶɳṩ֧֣Ӹ޷Χ
ǣԴĻ֧֣ҲͬҪ;ɳ
޷ͻɳ߾ķߣԴĻ֧֣Ҳͬ޷ʵ֡
֮ͨȴΪжһؼԵı߾߶ֻܸΪ
µָֻ͵ɳǱߵĵһܷá
ôţǰ㱨ϢĽĻϢû˵ꡣ
̨һ£͵ɳױȫջ٣δ͵±
ͼһش
쵰ƿڴ
ǻ쵰ÿκǰ涼֤ĵǶı½ƿУÿһȴڹؼʱ̵ӣ
һ٣˶ٲϣķֺѪûõϣȻɳڱˣ
ûһףƾɳӵѪ֮ζľγش
κֻҧ߽򣬼ǿͻķߡ
ϾһѾʼˣѵӣֻԼȥϡ
ֻǣȫû뵽֧ţļ£ҲûܴܵĽݱ
ǱҲ߽ˣ޷ͻơ
ɳǿѣҲʧ
ǷرֲԭԽ೤ı߾ϿľӣȴΪ̫ں֮ڣжԷļƣʹҲñͷܡ
±սϣºѾⶳҲûֹϵĲ
˫ǲ֣ͬǱߣصũūȴһѡ֧Ԯ
ûжɺӵĹߣǾԼĴ׳ͨ籨ųﲼʲôǰԼˣֱӴ򿪳Ǳӭǡ
ߵũūͼеӭľӰسǡ
ֱаżˣ
Ժ±ڻ𹥻£ֻ졣
ڳеռݳŸߵԶһըֱӾ߽⡣
ɳľӴδʶаֿµǼԶ̵£ǸûˣѾ˵ڻը졣
ֺըЩɳʿֱ߱ĴӴܣսڵũūİ£ܿͽ±ʣһɶ
±ǰյݣҲӦϵũūǼʱֹ
ɳ£Ѿͦ˰˰һ·ҡ
ݵ˰ΧȦڵģǿ׳ũūūǵļǿܡ
ֻɳһϵߣһ˳ĳǱȴɵǿܱš
ȹ³ǱνĽũū污յصڡֻҪٵıεռݴµĵ̡
Щϵũūξµı
ĲҲٲ⡣
ϱߵĸ־ʶͨռݵı·ߣ˳˳͵ǰߡصݣҲ󲿷ֶͨռǱսƷ䡣
ͼеĲվ
ǰ֮Ա˵Ϊɳƾڶı˿ս
ˡ
ʹɳȫ濪սҲδǣһı
ôȫ㹻Դˡ
ʹϺָǹķ
*
ʵȷʵͼϡ
֪ɳֶͬʱ뼸սӵдʯأûס
챣ӣ
ɲǲ챣ô
ڸʧأʮؾձϢ龩ǣĹѫȨطǿ߶̻̲ʼҡڵʱɳֶˡ
ӵ۵ڵڶĳϹ˴£֣ᶨĵ۵̾ռ죬ԳشƽԭУҪӵ۳ַ档
ӵۼʵڳ
κƽԸΪеıɣҲ޳ɴʱҡڲĹѫȨطǿᶨرʾԸȫԸЭ
Щ˶Щʹġ
ƲɵǱѡ⳼
һǱߴƣǾͻԥػޣв˺÷顣
ӵûٸǷڵĻᡣ
ֱǳǮ´ʥּ˶ʮλǵĸ
ʥּдװףΪ֧ԮַĹ
ʥּһ£ЩѫȨطǿˡ
ַ滹ûͿʼ͹ôʱԡ
ҪΰԼսϣ۽ʲôʣ´
ӵر֪ԼˣҲû˸Ҿܽʥּ
ңƣ֧ţҲûʲôҡڵġ
ǣ͢Э֧żӵ۳ǡ
͢һ£ӵڽʮŽȥȻϣƺƵǶȥ
ӵ۵ĿĺȷҪ䭳⣬ʮرֱǡ
䭵ľǣǾζʢŶ̾ȫ˳͢
Զû˳
ϱߵ̩¾ӵ
ΪѸٹ̩ӵȫûκ
һó˳͢Ĵɱ
;ǿ˾ڵʮȫΪǰ棬ʿһ𹥳ǡ
Ϊ˲ҳľӿڣ͹˶ĺ
Ĵֻ˺ܶһʱ䡣
ڷΪǰʱɳ˼ǧǺӶ԰ų͢ź
Խ߲ɱԽɱ⣡
һӣӾ˻˳
͢ӿʼɺӣǱԥػ˺
һʱ䣬ǺѪɣʱѾеŵתܣѵصʿҲЮǰҳһš
ͳ˧ֻùϣһǧˣǼǰ塣
ûΪ飬˷̤ϻǺӵĴͼţǽϾͺԥؿڡ
ٴα˻Ǻ⣬ͳ˧òٴüϡ
ֻؽΣЩ𻩱䣬͢ʿʼ飬ٳƽͬ
ǣʮ˵Ǵǣ̩ûͻơ
ӵ۵֪ǰߵϢƿڴ
α޳ܵƽ尮񣬾Ȼ˶ƽտڣ
ôŭҲ޼¡
յ޷ΪҪЮ䭵ĳ룬˫⣬õĻᣬӵȴ޷ûٹ̩ǡ
գֻݷþԭش
ڵȴǵĺϢ
䭲ʾȥɳôֻҪɳ̩ȻĴҡ
ʱʮġһ֣ǵľ
мֵİڽɽɳָһֲԭ̫Զֱ䭵ľӲӵۺѼʱ֪λѵĽ
ԣ֪ͼʱжôͷö֪ңԶɳһӵǿƽѾ⡣


207 
һԭΪֺһ ټϱߵĴһлλӵ£ʤӦֵ
˫սü£ ԭΪ˳
ȫʮûõһô ۽
ֲԭ߾ϣּ·ȴûһ·ͻƱ߾ߡ
Щ̺ô̬Ĺʮֲ ˵ȫһôã ôʿһԭ䶼ûܽӵᴩԭϱߵĴ
λԭ֮ӵ£ ¾ӵʵǿľ Щδŵ ˵
Ѿ⣬ȴΥ۹ͳ˧ ֻ
һ ۹ŸǴӱ߾߱˵ɳڡ
սߣǲҡ
Ӷ̶¾Ͱսƽ˰˰ͷһǰ
ǳʿɳ׶ֻǧ һսֻ߱ʣһǧ
ðһİȫдΪ
Щһʼ⣬ ĸ 
 ǻӦλӵ̸̸ͣսˡ
һ ȴ£
£ λĴӺô裬Ҫˡ𣿡
⻰άһӣδŭ
ΪǴܵ裬ȻĿٴȥͲܲܳˣһλӵ´׶Ļλδܱס
ڲǱʱһᣬдѵʱٴͼıڵ۹ľӣټȥ
ûǿ
ðɱ£ȻϣģһŬȥλӵ̸УΪ۹ȡõͣս
һ
Ȼû죬鸾ͷԣ
λӷŻΪӵĶ벿䱨Բȡһͷȥ;ݡ
һŰɣһЩūһôΪҪɱһʵۣ
Ȼɲţû죬ȥǰ̸еҲˣŭɫ
£λʵ̫ˣȻ£ô룬ԲӦ
˵ʲô
ߣ
˵ͣս̸ԣҪñµͷ챨һк̸ǰᡣ
һȻŭλʵ̫Ŀˣ
ǰȫˣ벻ҲС
ŭ֮ȴǿ־塣
λӣҪɱһضûС
¾ӱϵͷѸͣ浽׶ܽĵط᲻ƳȥƽϢλӵµŭ
ҵץס֣һҪ취ס
֤
·ģֻҪּ֧սһƴȫػİΣ
ְο
Ҳ̫ģټּ£ֻҪȵ붬ʱ򡭡λӵıӣȵ۹ʿʱƾͻת
ҲȫȻڲˣʿȲɳʿǿ϶ġ
оɳ۹ơ
ôɹʡ
²ܳɹҲҪȫ۹֮͢һ𣬸һش֮
û·Ҳɳ۹ˡ
һҲûа׷ѣڴ֮ôȰ˵һͣսͬ⡣
*
Ҫϵ϶ٵʱ䭱ȴû㡣
ϱ߻ɳж׼ݡ
Ҫ϶֮ǰɳ׶۹ţ޷ı߾¶ˡֻˣֳܷıȥӦ͢Ǳߵĸָơ
ڱռɳغµūũūţױѡγӪԱ
ҪЩ˴̽鱨Ҫ㽵ֻ࣬Ҫصĸĸȥ㹻ˡ
ЩµӪԱʥǵģΪ˱סʥǵʤʵǱϸһˣһʥаɳʵԼЩǡ
ǲηһΣգ֮ͬһ㳯ɳ׶ϱߵĸݸɢũūūʥΰٴ룬ٸһʥ
Ӫ£ũū¸ҵվʥΪӴ·ΪṩֻΪӵӦ
ЩɳڵӦϣټ䭾Щ̾ڵĻѹƣһ·ݿسɲƽ
ʥŵö·ӣùһЩСصĳǱøס
ҪǿӲһЩҲ˵۹ܻͶǱϵ۹ŵľסǱ´ǰ׶
ȻЩõ۹ĸ⣬ûκô
ǵĸ翹ֻ΢һ䭱ϵĲѡ
۹ͳν׼ջڵʮѮʱִɡ
ǰʱ䣬͹ɵĳǽ
лɳ۹ΪİΣóʱȥ̽·ɨٽǣ
ǰĽ
˵ʵ濤һ·ɱɳڣҵľǣȻѪȵġ
ķṦΰҲǴ֮һֻ˾ò
ɴ˿̵ʤԽǹԣԽǲܵġ
İΣ¹ȶѾټİͼʲôôͻ߽⡣
ηΨһڿߵĴ󽫣ȻҪİΣġ
䭱ûȫһǣĽҲûзԡ
ʾΧɳǳصгڣڳ죬ڵȵĽѾɨڲϢ
νǣ
һ£̤Ӵ۹׶ʽΪˡ
*
վɳʹǱߴŽɳʹԶӿɵĽֵ뷿ݣԶѾϱѩİɫɽҲмּ
֮δԼߵһ
Ȼ˺Ǹһ׶
˽⵽ɳ״ʼͺԥжĿꡣ
Ϊʲôأ
ʱ˶ߣѹɳ֪Ӯ˿ڵӵ
ʱϣûƴǡ
ܺΣ䭻ŵʱµɳ뿤İͼ
ⲻڸ˵ģΪһںϵĳرֵսҡ
úƬµֵأƴƬϵ
ռ׶ֻһʼɳȻȴᣬһʱںϡ
Žļƻ㱻Ľ˼·
ڳڽȫѲ飬ûҵɳʵ۵ټҲʹָӹ٣˵ǵǰ죬ɳʵˡ
ĽԴʮְգ
˵عţɳʵôһûУ»Ҫȥץ
ЩЦ
ɽڲûաƲزס׶ǰܲǺôʵʵǷ²
Ľ̾
ûץסʵۣչǺ
䭶ߵĻʵȴûô⣺
ȥ׷Ѱǵȥ򡣲̫ģһ죬ǻץ
ЩߵİܾѾΪǣΪ׶ĹУѾɳľ񲿶ӼĴ
ɳʵˣû㹻ľӣҲ̫ˡ
ķȥ׷ЩߵİܾЩȥȹ̴սߣȫƿɳ׶ļݡ
⼸ɳľץסһƬأƶ֮ضΪǡ
ȥɳʵ۰һŰΪһ˽ȫսңΪۣΪ񣡴Ӵˣɳȫ鱾ͳΣȫΧڵأũūūĴڣӴǶƽݣÿĶأһɸ˰ÿʮ۵Ȩ
֮ɳΧһɸ˰ҪƬʵƶ񤣬ĿǰҲ޷ΪǶṩӣũص
ȻĻһ˰˵ȥɻΪĶͷ
죬ӪüŬ
ϼʱڸӱگǰ׶Ϊܵ¾ӵַ


208 
ΪѸƽϢս 䭽ԼķѸݡ
ҪԽûбռأԼʿȥðգս
Щս·ģ ԭԵ۹ţ߰˰ٸмԼƿµʿ ŵɷǣŵһ Ը·Զ Ƿʱ䡣
Щ˱ѱŵ۹ŵͨȫ䭵͵ȫСС
յȻ׶Щء
⸽ʮݣ ȻԽС ȴ˿ڳܣ ʺ档
ò˵һ׶ռ ǷǳЧġ
ر׶Ҳܱݣ ЩԶ׶أܾλʥĹ
ţĸ̰
дţͶԻ ɱʳĲƲû翹־ˡ
ЩǲӾоһС
Ǻʶʱд˻ôʿȥ ʾԼܿȥ׶ʥ ʥҪԼ
Щ빫 ȻľƸ ȴҲηʥľӣ ˭ҲǸͷŻ⣬Ҳϱ¶׷ίߣСһдţ˳̬
һ齵żѩӸƮ׶ÿһţ䭱ڹ㳡дһص֣ɵ֮
еʿǣԭɳԴʮԺ
׷Ŀ/ɺ/ʥ̫˲ˣóͽЩ߸ϵǷ׷׳
׶ũūūǣҲڴһ¼ʥĳԽġ
ĽɳϽȴһƬ޸Щ
ǵĿȥԵҲʵ䭽ԣ
Ǳô٣һ·ռҲ࣬׾ȫǵýǰʹ
ɫһɴݣЦŵ
֪ǵЩ˱Ȼ湦ǡЩ˵˭֮һȻܸˮ档֮ǰǲҲԺúһǵı湦򣿡
ĽЩ⣺
ã
ѾӪȥ׶ʮݴϢ˵Ǳ⣬ݵѾȫ˳ѡҳ϶ߵһЩְ
Ľһ㶣漴ϸֳϲЦ⡣
ЩļһʯͷԼĽţ
ʮ϶١ǶݵϢôֻͨԼݻȽ˽⡣
Ҫ˵ǵѾȫǿ϶ţ˵ȫǾͻŰɣ׶Ϣ
˭֪Щǰ׶أ
׶ܿľÿ춼кܶʹؿӱ޵λĹ齵żһЩҲڲϵؽ׶ʾǽ춼˳֡
ټϿ˵ѡҳ϶ߵĹ˳ְ£ԻЩĻһ̡
밵£㲻ݵ
Ϊô˳ˣ˭֪һ᲻ĳʥӦУȻǻȡְ
ʵּϣʹıҲѹ
ܴ׶ϢǴСֻῴ˶˳ʥǲԡ
ũūūǣǻȫţԺʥȥ˳ġ
ЩΪΥøȴ֪Լˣ
*
Ȼŵ£׶Χʮݣ΢Щĳ򣬶ʥϢ
ǹ廹Ǹ²ũūǶ֪ˣϱһλʥȱҵũūūǵģǿľӰаɳʵ۸̨
λʴȵÿһũūūĶأ¾ճɣÿʮʳֻҪһȫԼ
֮⣬Ϊÿڸ۷ǳ̣ʱĳÿʮ졣
˵ȫѾкܶطʼʵߣũūūǶҸɵ
Ȼһܰũūūǻ̲סڴ
λʥʲôʱǵأ
ˣ
Ϊݣܶط˳ʥ
ʥĹһЩûл͸ǻڸģȥʥͶԼʳرԼĳ⡣
ʴȵʥѡˡǣǱһĲƲЩڸĵ׵ģʥ׼ЧԳյ
Ĵ𰸣ũūūǸĳȡ
ôɶڸˣʲôʱֵǵأ
ûãһЩѹեرϣ½ũūū壬ƷͳΡ
ǳŵǱǵϳڿյС
⻵͸˵Ȼ˳ʥڸģǾʥµȥ
ϢһЩʵõǶУЩԭڹҲסˣƨһæʰðŴѩϽǰ׶ȥʥ
û취˳ʥһһЩƲ˳˭֪ϵЩǣʲôʱͷ迳ǵԴ
ˣһɰרŵǼǵλãȻǲһʿǰȥֵصط䣬ʳڵ
*
ΪӦЩñְֱ߾߸ؾ
ⲿؾĿȱɶߵս
ߵıֲԭ߾֮ܳó֣ҪΪߵսѾƽϢˡ
ҪɱݵϢʱ˵
ʱߵľҲ䭵ı߾ǽս˺üˡ
ǵ۹ŻЩӸĵطĻûд̫ʳ
Ϊԭ߾㣬ʳӲԭ˭֪սǿҾϣûҵᡣ
ûãǵݱѾľ
޷Ӳԭȡֻѹե߾ϼݵǡ
´ЩǶҪեˣս޷ƽʧ˿һı
ûƵĲߣǼսŰأʿʮֵԡ
ʱ׶ݵϢԭĹǸ볷
ĵ۹Ŷסλµӣô
ѵħ֪Ҫô޹ʿ
԰ǵ۹ΪǣЩȥʵ۱£
ڶԴǣɶûʣȴǺ޲򿤹صӪ
ǿʳκ϶ͨù
޷ľǿߣЩǵһӦƴǳ
ԭЩ˳³ǰɳĿûʲôͬ
׶ˣ۹ʣ޼һ޷λĻӵ¿⣬ǲı㡣
ʶʱһЩܱס˵ͬùλλ
Щʿ½½شԼ½ʣıȥˣһսϵıʱһ롣
۹Ŷľ֧Ҳսųˡ
ǣֲԭ߾ϵսôȡʤ
Ϣӱ͵ɣ䭱ǵȥ֧Ԯʿ
*
֮Ӷ쵽ǰɸݶڽط䡣
µ޹ȥȻкЩԼǰ׶֮ǰѾ˶
Ȼվ۵
Ҳ˵䭵ľӻԶǸǿ󣬵ǵصũūūǶ´ӵͽǳԲ
ÿξٱ췴ܿ챻ѹ
½СģսӶ죬ɱӺ֮ɳԣʮȫ
ʮЩǣʥƣҲвǧ׶齵
ЩƶңԶݣʱû̫ȥ
ܣʱҲ׷
Ϊɳ춨˽ΪʵͳοܣҪ׼ʦسˡ
СģսУûٱ½ɳʮݵĸܹʮɳر
УʮڵطΪͱΪµĵ۹žۼ׶ֱָӡ
ȻЩʳȫЩ˳Ĵ洢
ЩʳֻҪ죬ջʳɳʮһǧ˿ڽɵ˰գԼЩʿ´ࡣ
æ£ɳĴɳ׶ϢҲ½ɳ۹λʵ


209 
ɳý ϵҲΪУͼȼӵ۶ɳıϽˡ
ɳţ׶ֻʱ ֪׶Ȼס
ʼûзʿ߽ս ͼͻķɳԻ֧֡
֪׶ݣҲûг
ΪⲻΪɳĻ֧Ԯȡһϣ ҲǶͻֱķߡ
ļҲûг̫á
Ϊɳ׶ݺ ٵѾ֪ȥ򣬱ֲԭսЩɳܿΪһɢɳս µԷֳ˸ıʿһߡ
Ǵ죬 ֲԭķ֮ıȫʿ ʿս˲ž޴ѹ
̨Ǳ׼ˡ
ϳɵĸ̾ŽԵ
ͼȷʵȨӣ Ҳȫûзߡ
ʿսߺս ֻƽ׺ķѱܶѲ
ûɳڱסǳ˳ɳԽԽأӺܿڳ󲿷ֱ¡
ȵ£ һͻڳ󲿷ֱˡ
ֶԭʿһͶȫ󲿷ֱһֵûԼصգ ȥ ׽б
ʱ ֶ᲻սܡ
սµĽչ ͼеĽվ
ΪԼܡ
ܱ ʧ˰ڽɽҲĻ׳־ԼܶԼĹԼİŮˣʰ±ϡ
һΧҲû˴ֵô
Ѿþȫȴûʧܡ
òϣǱ߽ȥֻԼĹɸʧ
˽ͷ­вѪ˿ɤɳơ
Ǿͳɡ
Ǭɽ߹ɽĵƣܱסʣµЩ
˼һҹһױԸ
͵ʵС
ɳϲ߽δȫƿأͨ·ͨš
ŷдŵ׵䷽
İ汾Ǳİ汾΢һȵ֡
ͼ˼úµľ
ܵ͢ԴԶҪࡣ䷽ǣܸɺܴв
Ĳۣ˫ġ
Ŀǰռݵأشƽԭڴ˿ϡƶı֮ء
ůЩ󲿷ֵ˿ڣڳ͢С
ҰĲڴˡ
κһߣۿһĹôõԴ
ƽɳȻԴ֡͢˸ĴŻֵƶ񤣬ȴѹ֡
͢ԽǿӵʱԽãֱԽ
·;̫ңԶ޷ǰƿ׵Դֻܸ䷽
ֱӽɳ䷽ֱвһЩЧҲ
ִսˣѸٳ˱
ʱӵ۲յңԶļ֮شϢ
*
ɳ鱨ȴģֳϢ
üӵʱ־壬ֻܰΨһϣңԶɳϡ
£ǰɳ̽ӻˡ
ӵһĶˡ

еص
ʵϣԴӵ֪ʾԶɳһֱܹעǱߵϢκ·;ʵ̫ңԶ޷ڻߣһ·ϴܴϢվУǱߵϢһֱͺ
һε֪ǱߵϢȥʮһ£ʱ˵䭴ɳĵ۹żս
ȻʱɳҲһֱսܣ䭴ȴϾ׶һξ롣
νʤɳƵֵزδزܾط̡
ңڼӵۿɳһȻʹ׶ݣֻҪĵ˰˽ӣȻȫıϸ鷳
еѾɳ
뷨˼֡
μ¡
糾͵ɳ̽ڵߵס
ɳԶûɳˣ̽ʵṆ̀ӵƸõġ
ƽޣɳǱΡ
̽ӵ
ر£С뿪ɳ׶ʱɳ׶ʮѮݣɳԣʮݵǣǰ׶ʾҪɾǰȥ
ӵ䭹׶вʧɳľӣô˲ãôͱ׶ٴرܵĻ֣̿ӣľƲɵ
䣬ȴٴȼϣ
䭾ǿӲɳǳǷŭ
ɳôĹĴңǿҲȻƣڱ
ЩǺ̬ȣ
ӵ۶Ĳϲ˶֪ġ
̶ԽҪ㱨ҲЩ
¡ǣǶѡС뿪ʱÿ춼Żɱ̬
Ψһϣ飬ӵ۵ʱͱˣʧֱ̬ߵĲյݺˤڵϣ
ˣһȺܵĴ
ŵɪɪæˡ
ôĳôˣûһҷ𣿡
ŭʵ
ݡ£Щûٱġû˻ҵָӣǾһɢɳлָӵʱҲĶְ
ӵȴǨụ̆
ûлָӣѵͲ˴ǣַ𣿡
оüӵ۲ȴԽ֣̿˵ˣ
Сֻһ鱰΢̡СܣС
ӵۼɸ˺ܴѹסеɱ⣺

޹ȥ
ӵ۱ȡ
ڵĸ̫̽Ӷ˸ɸɾ˶뿪ӵ۲ѵ̱ϣ˫ֽסεķ֣ԿƵĲ
ɳ־ѾԤˣͳһɳʮѳɱȻ
ӡƽ˱֣ռɳôңԶĵطĴƬ
˿̫֮үҲƥС
Ϊʲô
ѵӲ
Ϊʲôһҫ۵䭴ڣ
ռɳϢЩ˽ۣ
ֵ̿ǣѾɳ޷ǣ䭣»˭ܶ
ƽɳһ϶Գ͢ˣľεֵסȻ᳹ʧȥĻλס
ӿ϶
ô죡
ӵ˱ǰδеľְ̿Χţҹ㷢˸ȡ
ҽæǰΪΡ
ͨȨҲ֪Ϣ̽סλ̣Ҫе֪Ϣ
Ȼ̱ӵҪܣȴ׿סȨǵգڸɳ
εǴŷߥޣڶͷȨġ
ԴӴյŮţ֪ȫ־ȳ󣬾Ͷ䭸мѡ
ֶȫûǵݣûڳеĴüѡչǣ˽֪Ůƽʵˡ
ֵ֪Ůƽһ˹٣úܿԽᶨҪرֶľġ
ԴŮȺףͲٸ޷֮ʼַչԼڼӵϷ֮£߰֡
֪˼ӵεĶ뵽취
ǿ̱Ļ֣ȻΪɳ̽ӵϢòɼ˵ǶôĵϢ
Ǳȡôݣ벻ʲôĿܡ
飬λǲȨ֪ģΪ˭֪ȨǿĿסֻǿȨ档
ӵţƫüӵ⡣
˵ӵβúأһһ˵ֱӾͱһ
ʱ򣬳ܼ̳дĵλ
뷨ٳȨץס̽ӽбʵж
ⲢѣΪЩȨǶԹ˼ӵϢĿ
ӵֲԭݵϢǸʧصϢǴʧȥȻձڼӵҴϡ
һüӵǻɼϢҲܴʧ
֪Ȼɳ׶зʮݳȨǷ׷״ʧɫ
ǿ˹֮£סĵط𣿡
Ƶ̿
ûãǱ㿪ʼ˼βʵ˿µ£ܵرȫԼ档
ȻξۻܿɢˣϵеĴǣȴʼ˽֣
ԽˣҲһղһգ⶯ֻѾܺܺõ¡
ǰµǽ˵ǡ긻ǿӢΪǼλȻܴǰδеʢ
ⴿ۾˵Ϲ
ԴзԺ󣬼ӵۿޱȰϧ壬Լٳʲôô
ùҽȫƣټ˲ҽȫҽԴΪԼƵټмһ꼸ҶϢûǱߵϢ̼ĵӵ۵ѾʮӲʡ
ٴзγˣ̱˵ֽţҲָһ֪ȻŽţѾû̫
ȫ˼̿һɼŲɽ
ȨǲŲôࡣ
Ҫʱ򣬼ӵ۾忰ȶʮľ׳С˵Ҳġ
Ψһǵģӵܱ֮ܲסȨƸ
Ҳʱ˸һģ̸һӵˡ
*
Ȼӵۻôδ
֪䭹ɳ׶ϢȨй¶ȴԽ̻̲գúúȴһ˯žͱجѣ̶̼죬˼֡
߻飬ͼҵƾ֮ȴһĪչ
õķǶˣ壬ϳȨطǿƲס䭰
գֻܴȥϸͨصĸؿڣǿֶνֹеǱߴ
֮ʣյͼš
ţӵۻһᣬϲ
ˣȥҼұĹ
׵䷽ۿ׷ըӵֻѹͷĴɽʱһ롣
ڱӣ첻þް
ӵʰ׳־ףضܾط
ԥشµĴǣǰȥۿ׵顣
ҪЩһıȨȫ
ЩģǱһӵĹ۹ͣʹӵλҲѵеùЩˡ
˼ЧԼЩûбѡ
ۿЩ𾪵飬š
Ȼȴ֪Ӽӵ￴Щȴ磬ɢ̾һ˶Բߡ
һ׵䷽۳ű¾ſˡɲʲô¡
԰˭˵׾ܴӮûҲﳷô
Χ޷κǾԲܺ
ûһսһսˣתء
ѾԴԴϵķṦΰסˣʹ͢ףҲûս
ϼãһĵӡ
Ҫñΰɣ
˵⻰̵õ˵һͬ
󽭣ý볯͢Ļֿ
ƽԭ뽭ϵȸ֮ػڳ͢ͳηΧڣط͢ʧҲڿԽܵķΧڡ
ֻҪЩ֮ػ鳯͢ͳΣǾͲصķ䵽ͷϡ
Ǿô˵ˣһкͳ͢ս˼Ҿ½ԣҪٳɴ£


210 
Ȩ˽µļ뿪 һظ̽ĸ
װһȥһ¡УĴƹ ͢Ѿõ䷽ɹȨ»Ρ
ǰǵţ ¡еĴƹģţЩ˱Ȼھвõ֡
 Ϊˣ ǺѴȨײĻϢΪֲĵط
Ըĸȥ
ֿ͢ս Ů һֱಡ齡ںڴ֪ŮѾƽȻصϢ ľպת
ȥʱŮ죬 һ˫СӴĻͷЬ
֪ʲôʱԼﴩԼ·Ь࣬ ȴǻ̲ס²δСΪЩ߻
ң
Ҫ˶ãǼҵСܴ̾Ьˡ
ϲѣ棿
˳еƣ ҲԽԽܣ˶Ϊƣ һԲ㽡
*
һºյ鱨ģ ʱŸƽϢһɳĹ巢ҡ
ּ Щߵİһй
 һ˶ĹУ ·;ʵ̫ңԶǱߵعϡҪΧӺѣʱûЩˣо˶׶ʮݡ
κʱ򣬶ҪץС
ƿʮݣ͵ץסɳľӵиľʱѾʲô
ʱʮݷΧǿƷļɾطͱļܹҲʮݷΧȫ̳¿ɳĿǰҪˡ
Ľ
Ǳ߸Ϣ͢䷽ɹ
Ľʱͱɫ
͢õ䷽ģʱգֻ±ؽΪĸ󻼣
䭵
Ա㲻ٸʱ䡣
㾡̻سĽɳڵľȫи㣬һȫȨ
Ľ΢΢һʶſس³͢ǱߵĽɽġ
ɳҲոƽҪһƿȫֿɿˡ
ܰ񽻸
˼Ƭ̣ĽȻ
ģһΪܺɳ
ɳܹԭʮ׶׶аɳ
Ľһ֮䭾ԭɳش
طͱȫĽȶɳ档
ֻҪסɳ͵߾ҲԱɳıǣơ
Խ󲿷ֵı
һǩȥ
Ƿλķһػǣһ棬ǣס̩ʮ͢
ıȫشƽԭ׼򾩳ǡ
Լֱ֣ϮɽɱϹ򾩳ǡ
Ȼǿ²ߡ
ҪʾɵɽҪ£ڼӪҪʱ䡣
*
ļµµףµ·ϡ
͢Ǳߣȴڼһܹĵףҽ͵ÿһǱ߽;֮ء
ķǮġ
ԹĴһ־޴ĸ
ʧȥشƽԭʧȥԱĴƬ˰ձͼ֮һ
ճľѿ֧άӵ̣άطΰȺķѣôĲ׽⡣
Ҫףú䣬ʯռľ̿ĲҪĹ˻ó;䣬һҪǮ
ǰʮ̩ѾȨҪһǮҪȴǲܵˡ
ӵֻΧڼر˰
˵طЩ̰Ǹ̰յĽڡ
͢Ҫһģ㼶ĹԱǵļ룬˰ܾͱİġټ϶ӵۣðǿ಻ԡ
ɳ׶ȫµϢڴʱġ
֪µģǾԼ뿤ĵ
¼߻ԣֻҪһɢ»֣ܿԭ֮ɢ
ǵ֪º˷ܵԸӡ
Ȼɳ֪ʲôĴ
ɳĹǴ
һȻȫ֮£һжΪ֮ԺѪڣ
ɳȫ£ټǰֱռݵֱ˽⽮֮ǿδеģ
ǺʱԼ֤׳ķṦΰ
Ǽдʫʸ踳£ƽģ֮
һЩ־²ԱǣҲΪĹ۷ͬʱԼӵԽԹ
ӢΪĶӣļ̳˰ƫƫʵ۵ƫ֫ѣַѹǶƽӹĻӲѡ
ףսⲻǹ⽫°ˮ֮ô
ԽҫۣЩԱԽʹļס
İǣŴº󣬶ҲԽݡ
˵͢ѾΪ棬ַǱַŭż
ͿôõΪʲôҪַ͢
Ҫˣڿб֣ôƬɳ͢ôһֱɳô죿
԰Ҫʲôʱÿ˷ֵĶأ
ǹʵ治ǶͶܣȻҪַ
ǻһָ׸ǶȲϣеģùԹԸλͣ
Ǳ߷˰ڴϹΪйƶնѡ
˵ɳ͢ҪΪַˣݿ˰ƶǣֱ޲ֱӰѻʵλ
ǵ֪ģΪӵһֱͼϷأӰʿǡ
ֽܹǰסģ£ͷϱҥ»ھӪѸɢ
ǶĳݣǶЩ֮⣬η塣
սתɣ̶ֱһʱ䣬ɳ˼ֱ붼룡
˭˵أ˵ɳôһʱҪ߱ɳѣȴʮֱȫⲻʲôɳնʥأ
΢תԲûκ˿֮⣡
ɳ͢ڲףҪǱ߿սôӮĶְ
ǰô־ףһöףڽɽأҲûڳ֣ڳֻҪ˶þͰָˡ
͢ķҪΪУֱȥʲô𣡡
־֮⣬Ӧ˶
ɽ;һδģӣµⲻס
ٴʱǱߵڵʴۿشƽԭİԽԽԣֻ޲ЩǵļҲϸԣ
֪˻Ի͵ս֮Уȫ᲻սĶ־
ͷôǼ͹ľǮջǣҲá
ʿţǣǾֱͶ
µķ²Ҳڳ͢Ӫǿ
ңͶ˶ˣܺܿȡʤʱ򣬲ǿƽع£ǵļҲΪ񣬷ֵأϳԱůܳ
־֮ʿǣľͲͶ
ǻ׷ΰ½ҵ
Ӫ־ήңӿӵȴһıսԴһ֪
*
µףȫ󲿷ֵѾպ͸֣ĸµİ棬Ҳֱֱ߾
ɰѶָǶŻˣϽһСᡣ
ʲô˼Ҫǰɣ
⼸ɴûǹͬʱҲû룬ô
Ҫ湥ǣǺ̫ˣɳǵȻҲסǶͬĸ򣡡
ǰδеΣ£ǰӴɹʶԲǡ
ΪˣԸȥʾá
ǣ䭵ľӸյ߾㱨
ǰͷһִ֧߰ǧͷţ˲Ůūף˵һ·Զˣϣܶ׼ǾٰΪȫӷϴ
ӵߵĽǶֵľˡ
⻹֪ײеδҲ̫ÿЩ


211 
 »᲻թ
԰ţ¶Ůūдô죿
˲ĵص
ʵЩϰǰײе˵̬
Ҳûд
һҪ͢ ͢治ʧܣҲһȫֿӵֺ Ҳп붫ֺ
ֻҪ㹻¾ûвܴɵĺ
ǹǵеǣ˺Ͷˣ ȴǲء
תͷַԸһС
Ѷ͵ˮ䣬 ţЩŮūϣȵš⣬λֵʹߴ
ûã ֵʹ߾ڼʿĻ±˹
𰲣˺ܹ ȻԼݣ СǺպĳͨͼ˼ֺݼ
䭶Դ˲ÿɷ ʵ
պܴλ˼
ͨͼ˼Եֺã
Ȼ˵ ɺһֱı£Ҳ·;ңԶûǲʹȥǰݼʾ߾֯һдһǵĵ֮ꡣ
⻰˵ ֱǺպһ֧䭵Ѻ̬ȣдǵҪԼϣ ˳չʾһ֧ڶֺ쵼λ
ȴ պһ֧ûǿܵѹ ռ˸ɺݶѡ
Ҫ˵պһ֧ʲô⣬ ԼΧùش뱱ֲԭĵط
Ҫ֣ һ׵塣
ҲѹǺպĳΪգţū̬̽ȡ
ţȴ¶Ц⣬·ͨͼ˼Ļ⣺
ǺպǺʶʱ񣬱ϲʶʱˣҲӲĸһЩ
ͨͼ˼ʱһϲ
˼ǡ
䭵
ϲֺ̡ϣʼղиһͳˣô
ͨͼ˼١
˼ѵҪ
İһͳָտɴ
һǱģȴֵˣŸҲʧһλᣬͱ̬
ʶǺպպҲؽĻر֪ǻʲôΪЧģ
Ͷϵ˼Ȼҡ
ºһЦ
ֻǽǵϽȥó·ɣʲô
ͨͼ˼̬ϽС̻ȥ˼ת
ͨͼ˼뿪
Ҫպ𣿡
Ȼ䭺ԥöֺԼ˭ܱ֤ǲµʱء
ǺպǱ߲ˣԼ鱨Ӫȥԭϵĳĳ塣
ʱȻ
ֺпɺȴΪɲΪ
Щֽ̰ƻ˭Ҳѱвһ͢ڱĴҡ
ʱЩˣȸҵ
κһһЩֲԭƽⶼᱻƣǻӴɹӣĻпոҡ
ߣǺպ˶һ
ͨͼ˼ܿȥʾѾȥĴ
֮⣬һżٴǿǵͶĳ⡣
һֱ˵ɺ֮ǰĻʵҪǺû
䭲żһǼӵдպһš
ӵ˵ĴڣͬвպŹͬĵˣһѻ
ΪˣӵԸպ֧Ԯ³֮󣬽ֲԭͺ꿤պ
ȷʵг⡣͵صȻ˲һӵĻеǧöס
ͨͼ˼澪ϲصл
ͬǸףߵſҪĶˡ
ǰӵͼڶֺѰѣֹһյ
˶ڹûκһóȻܴ͢
Ϊ˭͢ζΪˡ
ȫǳ׵׵ףҲֻѡ
һ֧ͲһˡǵõϿɣףʵȫԽ壬ʱЩ˲
ϲ̵ش˺ȥˡ
ˣֻһСĴۣͼȽ˽£ֽһ
ڶ죬˳˳ش£;ƽֱɽ
*
ʱľǣڶȨոյֲԭϵľ౨
ǵ鱨ȼӵǱҪ࣬ȴѾȷˡ
˶ʱ
ʦǣֱ϶ضھǣ
˴ĵױսô޶ԣ
Ǳ߽ڵֱ˵֮⣬ܱȵģһ̱ɣ
ȥˣڱ£̸
жֱдһۣڶȨǩӡ£ڶ糯ӵʸӵۡ
µĳϣȳУ
£Ҫ࣡
ӵ˫ĿһУֱвõҪ
൱˵ܾܾ

дݣӵ۵ͱɫ
󵨣
࣬䰲ҵƽԭǿڳеĸ߹٣ȫһأ
£ԴΪأΪأΣ
ӵɫࡣ
ҪѾγзֻ¶Ҫʹȥ
ĳ棬ֱƽδеܴ衣
ôĹԱȨ䭶ϵʱ򣬾һ˿
Ƕ䭿սͻ䣬Żû򣬾Ȳ䭻Ρ
ֱǻ֮ǸӣһҲТʲôʸ̳нɽ
˵˴治֮ԣʲôģ
Ҳ˱ᣬֱӵ
˭ٺֱı۴
ϼӵɱĿ⣬ʹȨǿֻϢġ
ڳзҲڼӵ۾ƿصľǣ˼ӵۣҲֻѪ
οӵۻôӣҪרУǸ޷ֱֹ
ѱ
ˣֻٹһӣսƲɵʵ۱ҲܹǲģҪΪԼı·ˡ
ӵۼԼͰôȨѹȥеŭɢ˼֡
Σڳ͢ĵؽϣĻȨϵģûκ˸
Щһһ䭣Ҫһһ㡣
֮ǰúǿԼôӮ䭵ġ
׳־ӵ۾ͽӵ˷ǳϢ
£ƽ
ӵ۶ʱ亹ˣŵʣ
ƽΪʲôô쵽ƽЩﵽڸʲô
䭿սһ£ûκνңԴӻףٲη塣
Ϊ䭵ľҲ½޷ˮս͢ľȴвˮ½սġ
񲻹ǾƽԭǽϣΪձš
䭴ӱֲԭ£ΨһԽӵǶα߽磬ȫǹأı޷ԽҲܡ
붫ֻ̨ܴɹӡ
µıҪ뵽ƽԭҲͬҪԽӡδλõˮȽƽʺ϶ɽ
ѡһߣڽ볯͢ѵˮսӭ׵ϴ
ĵƣضЩѼӱʧء
֮⣬䭾ֻܴӶֵ¡
ʵϣ䭲Ըɽѡ˽붫֡
ζ붫ֺϣƽӶʮĵж
ǰ͸ֵĲ͹ţʾȻᱻ֡
䭴˾ʵԤԣЩֻѡվһߡ
˴ɽȥ֧Ԯˣȴȫû뵽䭾ȻѸٵؾʹӶֽɽƽ
ƽǵӵ۸øֵǸɽֻ
˵ʲô
Щӣû䭽ս
ǧ㣬Ҳȫûϵ
˵ʲôˡ
ƽ뾩ǵľҲ;Űʾ£
ո٣ʲô취ºľһһ䣬Ҳɽס䭣


212 
ƽԴӱռ죬 վһֱڶָͳ£Ծ˿ͷ
ԭƽǸֹȫĲƲ Ϊͼū
ÿĹʳ ͱµʿǻӱӣӣ˶ĥУ ŵҲ಻ԡ
һū ľصȴһݲ֪ʱŵϣ
ⱾƽһԭͻȻһ֧ƺƵľӹ
֧࣬нȴȻ ʮ㡣ϸһ ƮŻɫ죬 ƺԭ֡
˶ʱͷһȡ
ǿǲԭ֣
ǲԭ
˼ش󺰳 Ǹȥ б㲻ʶֵˡ
Ǹ֣
죡᲻Ǵ˵е
˭Ҳ֪ΪʲôᵽԷ·ޱߺڰɽͼѰһڵ˵һ⡣

϶ˣˣ
ղһԼܵĶˣ ʯľԶĹٵȥһһߴ󺰣
Ⱦǣ
Ǵգ Ⱦǣ
ܵĶ˼ǲ ԼĻĵط»󺰴У űӾͳȥ
ǵĺ ԽԽ˷мٵϵ
˵ˣ
ľĶһ̸ˡ

ս޲ʤսӢۣ ռĳǳضб⸴ֵ
±ӳ߰εҲɼᶨƵسǾȥһһߴ󺰣
Ⱦǣ
ŵԵĺо
Ϊūԭգ
΢΢̧֣Ӵӱ㻺ͣ
£һԭһӪɳ嵽ؼ䣬¾ͰЩѹԭյĶʿƷˡ
磬ԭ𣿶ԶԣǷ֮ǵģ
Ҹڳⰲ٣
Ϥеԭڳԭյᣬеũ߾ͷܲس
д·ĺպ״Щ
δⲻװɣԭֻ˵ҺʿҺū
䭿˵ˣĿ䡣
ƽҴأǵҴգҪ޶ԣ
Ƕ˾
ƽѾʵ۸øˣǺ
䭰ص
ʵ۸õģȥдƽаգҪջأжһ̳֮ǳأǸǺպӡҪǲʶȤͱֱöԸֶֺζԸˡ
ŭĿԲɣɺպ򲻿ɵ
Ҿ⣬ֻܴͷɥȥд
һչȥƽһ㶯ûС
ûпֱӽö̾ںը¥
ƽﶫֵĸܹƽפʮ⡣
οɱ֮⣬Կ⡣
ûãб˳棬ֻҪɱǣԸȫƽеƽҪʱ䣬ϣٸʰ
̬ȺǿӲ
һʱ䣬ҽɲһƽ
⻹ΪԭΪūһЩ˱ȻΪūǰߣ䭲ʧ̫޹յŸǱء
Ȼַ
û취ǿٳˣʱƳǣܱסһƲˡ
ˣﻹǰͶĺպ
ҪǺպͨУôܶòԭǳء
ƽӺܿ쳷ƽһǲǣȷ˰ȫʾפƽǡ
ƽ⸴ȫǰձ档
Сﶼаڼȥˣ
ʱ࣬ڻعԭĻǿ
ˣҲᱻ׸
˰ʾܿͻҷطݣʳԺǶܹϺӣ͢ͳεӺǧٱ
ң˵ˣǺܿɽžۣ
ƽǣŽٺĻ֡
*
䭷һСְƽգһУ׼̨Ķɿڡ
ֻҪɿڣؾܰȫضɽͬʱҲζǷľ̵ľ벹ǰߡ
Ϣܿ촫ƽ̨֮ĴСǳأе˰ǶȸԾѡ
ͺ͸˳͢Щֻѹգ̰ˣ·Ҳһǣ
Ӷ԰Ѿͱչµ̨Ľˡ
ˣǱҲ˱ͳεĻᡣ
һǳڳǵ֯£ԷŽؾ⧲֮£ܿͶ˳š
ţӭǣ
ûʼ򣬳žԼˣųӿеӭǵİգµʿǣǻԺ
Ҳֻǿľӣܰյӵ뻶ӭƽ԰յİûа׷ѣӵߵﶼܻӭĸо̫ˣ
ռݵһǳغǵõ˵ذ븻ǲİûþ̨԰ˮӪ
ˮ½϶ǣͲһ
ˮ²
׼ȷ˵ܶˮͶġ
Щײˮ͵ײ½Ӫʿûִ˵ʿָĽѾá
ǹ˳ĺʱô
ȷˮ˳ĳ⣬ձһ֧˵ˮ
¿ӱ޻㱨䭣䭱һֲδ½ЩձˮһռµĶɿڡ
Ͼ»г͢ˮһײʿһײ߷ֻ浶ʵǹشһɿڡ
ֻˮˮսձˮֲûˮĶ̰壬ս϶̾ڣӦֲ볯͢ˮսġ
*
ߵؾΪ֣һٴ½ǰ߷½
һӶ԰±ˮӪ
ⲿ־ӣ򶫴󽫾ʤĸŵġ
쿴˺öˮȫ죡
ٽtϵʿǾ
ˮ
ȥ
ȥ±˺ʤĸ
㱨ţܵ˲tȥȷ
ԶԶܿƮս
˵ûˮЩˮô£
ӵɻ˽ֻ
׼ӭУ
ȥ԰󽫾ţ
԰ٴĺʤҲѾ˴£߶½޷ˮս
ûãϵˮͿʼս͢սͶףǱߵսͶ̾ڣʮ־ˡ
ٴ½Ҳˡ
Զϵ죬ײʿѡ
ˮˣ
һ㶼ûԵоĳޣǳ˷ܡ
ΪҶ֪ζ볯͢ڿսлͶˣ
˿ûˮսϢٴǱߵٴؽ̹ϵضٴ½ܹ
ʤɾ񲿶ǰŵ
ȻŲŸտսûãдӪͷ˻䡣
±ҸͶ𣬸ߺšţӭǡĿںţڲ˳š
кʤҲѣϽɱѹ
ɾжµ꣬ұʱʱ˺ͣʿҲҪȡսһͶľûᣬôױѹ
ο±Զϱࡣ
ʼҸͶǣԽԽ±һηٹĶ˷͢Ӫ
ʹ͢ףԳڵؾγѹƣĻѾ޷
Ӧ֮£ٴͱơ
ս˺üգٴױϣʤûӳٴ˫˫
򶫾Ļ죬ս˲ˣҲϲ졣
Ȼǵֵõģ
꣬սлʿڹ£Ӵ˽Ҹõ
ȥĿ飬Ҳһο
ûãϵսҲһʤ
ˮӪʧأбܽǱرǣΪӵڶȨجġ


213 
¡ˮӪؽ
ǰܹܳɫɷ׵ӵ۸ǰ 
ղϳӵ۱ȥ˳ټ߻һš
Ҫ䭿ս ֵ֮ҪйѫҵطǿͬЭ 㲻ٶƫ裬Ǻݻʺڵʱһһ¾ȥء
߻  Ҳûû⿤
Ϊ룬Ϊ֮߻һض£һ㶼Թ ˵ںЩ֮ ҲҪ黳
Ѽ飬 üӵȫѹ˶˵Ǩŭ±öޱ׽
Ӻ ֻ ֻ߻ͬ
ʱܸ̫ණֻ޵жǸذһЩ
֮ǰ˵߻ӵĻ֣ϻе£ӵۻ㵽͸֣ʲô
߻Ӷˣ ԴҲΡ
ԴӴԺĹҲûԣ ӵ۱˵˽⣬ Ҳ׽⡣
Ǻٵõõʹͣ Щӡ޷ȥǮĶϾʼһҪģ ֮˵ ٶǴ޷ͨ
Ҳһ
֪ӵ۳ｨʮҪܶѣֱӰԼⷿжҪΪӵ۳ｨ¾һӵʮָж
вؼ
ҲΪˣֻ֮ܿٺ»߻ӴͳʲôʮֺᣬĸӶҲʮ׾ݡ
ʱοΪԹ޿Ƶ߻ӣҪġĸǸܾˣҪǸģֻԼٷְٵȥ
ĸ⣬ǸҪ벻ɹѹأͻǧٱرǵĸ
̳дͳʲôѶֵõġ
ʹҰοţҲ˲ӵи֧Ĳ
񣬺ò׵ȵУиܵõʹ͵ĻᣬΪӵλЩʵʵĺôȴû뵽ֱϡ
ˮӪؽض´Ӫ˲õıʡ
´Ű
ӵ̰Ѹղʹ͵Ժ󣬶˵վ
̾ȥ
߻Ҳ֪ʲô£Ͻ
ʣһȥ
ӵ뵽߻Ƕıͬһǰȥ
˺ܿˮӪؽ
һѪͷؤǱһӵۣͨڵأʹ޵
£¡ʧأˣ
⻰ҵüӵðǣ죬ðζ޷˵
߻ӷӦ졣
κ˶ʧζʲô
ѾȽɽס˾Ǳϵ·
Ǿϱߵ·ҲΨһ·
ֻס£ǲս²£ɹؽϡ
˾Ȼ˵Ψһ·Ҳˣ
ϣһУΪУ
ȫ޷߻ͷһ޷Լеǰȥקסؽ죬첱Ӵֵʵ
¶ʮˮ½ôôʧأִҲһֱûͻ£
ˮӪؽࣺ
ٴ½ѱ䣬˳̨ˮҲ˳ǿزס
⻰ӵҲعɫʣ
˴£ΪβЩ
ˮؽ£
˺ü˵ģȴûܵȵָ͢ʾˡ
ʣ͢ûܵǵľ鼱Щ·ϸסˡ
׷Щû壬ǣ͢һ֪£ʧȥ·

ӵ۱һ
ˮӪؽæ˳ֻ˾޴߻ӻ
ȥ
ӵٴε߻ŸϽײײ뿪ˡ
ʱֻʣ¼ӵһˡ
ͼյȿˮѹѹȴһֱڲòȲ豭ˮӱﲻǰϡ
Դ˻Ȼ˼ȫľϡ
±½׾ѱ䣬ֻɽҲס졣
һɽʧأֻҪܴ򵽾ǡ
ֻҪһ뵽ĺͲ
ΨһӰСʮϱߵ̩䭵ľӶţԶˮѾȽ
ɽؾסǵĽҲη䭣ûκαֵܵס䭴Ľ
ңʹǿס˾ϣ·ȫˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ͱӱ˾޴ӣ޴ˣ
*
ӵ۸ߵ߻ӣײײܻ
ĸĸ
ɫҾ֣ҲвõԤУ
ʲôˣ
߻Ӱµı˵ˣ̫ϵ£ȴҲ֪˶ԼӵۼΪĴ£ż
㵽ʲôȥ㸸취
߻ۿͨ죬ˮֹסӿľ
ûа취ˣھ£Ǳƣе·ˣӶûطӣ
һֱӵڵأȫԼĻ
ôᣡôͻȻͳ㸸ǻʵ۰ͳ񶼸ôûа취
ǰ¼ӵ۱ֵٿ䭣Ҳδ䭷
ӵ͸߹ֻǱĸӵİӡ
֪İӻʲô³ֻ⺢ʵɱȴҲûʲô
Ϊĳ谮ôѵãӣҲǶأǺôŬϽȻеģֺαش˵Ρ
䭺ΪӵʮּɵĴڣʼţΪͳļӵȡյʤ
ۿɿĶӸǸˣȻޱǿĻʵ۱±˾·
ʮ죬䭾ҪʱǣǻΪ֮
޷ĽӵķӦȴܲܣʵˡ
ҲǰδеĿ־ã
ӵۼ䭴򵹣ָúȥδӣ
*
ͬżģоеȨǡ
ˮӪؽôбܽ뾩ǣܴ󣬴ҺѲע⵽
ؽȥӵۣȨѾȥǢµЩϢˡ
ԣǼӵ֪ͬ±ġ
һ̣һΪȲʤȯȨҲǰδеĻҡ
ԭڹս£ɽսپǷȥͶϡ
˭뵽ҵ۾ɽʱѸײڶ֮ƾͻ·ߡ
ǿ£
̨ɿͬʱʧأζľӾ㲻ɽҲֱӶԾʵϱ
ͻȻ֮ʧȥе·֮ˣ
ûиҡڵʱ䣬һжǬսʤ
ƣͶϣҲûжٷˡ
Ҫס潫ѱס
ɲͶϣѵԿףΪ
죬ʲô취һҪ˼
Ȩҵæ
ƺҲԺǻѾ϶Ҫռһϯ֮أйͲа
֮£ʲôǿȥأ
ȨǿԼͬ˼⡣
*
ڿ־ԳֵļӵۣҲòǿԼ侲ͼһԱİ취
һƬҵ˼Уҳһӡ
Σ
ȨĻΣ
̽κޣ
κƽǺó̸еģٳ£ͬڼƣҲԷž˴ʧ
κƽҲһУ
κƽܿ˹һӵۼеص
κ䣬³ˡ
⼸κƽⱻӵԶѹȴְ֮Ѿͷ׷̬
˼ʮľȥҲȥ˾һ㡣
ʱѾίߡ
Ѿ˵ˡ
ӵ۶ʱüκƽ⾹Ȼô֪ˣ
Ǻ©Ϣ
ȨΥԸǱߵ¡
£ǻҪȨѾ֪¡κƽĻƣ
ӵ㶣ǰ׷Щʱ
ƽ΢ĩС˷ʱ䡣
˵öԣǲҪκ䣬޽սҪίȥ̸л֮¡
ǵãκƽǰҲͬεġ
κƽԣȴ̾˿
£Ҫ̸Ѿˡ
ӵۼеص
ô䭣Σް֮ͳεĽɽҲģ޿Ѹ£Ϊ̫ӣ
ǸӣҪǲ뱻治ТӦôӦޣ
ңʰ̫ƽķʽ⣬Աٰյ
ϣؿκƽ⣬ϣȻҸ취ܳɹ
ϼӵۼħĿ⣬κƽӿһ˿ʹѾ;ĩ·ûκһ˿˾ķǻˡ
Ȼָ翵Ķʤȯյ˲
Ц
£Ӧ֪ģûгһ޷̸С
û뵽ӵȴ¶һֵЦݣ
˭˵ûг룬ϴӦΣ޾÷̩ʮΪᣡ̩ʮпף
ʮͱ̩ϵķ̩
޷ͻ̩ķأҲؾȼݣףҪתͷʮƽķ̩ȴ׾١
ĳ롣


214 
κƽ𾪵ؿ
£ ޹ģ
ӵǺѪ˿ɫ
ˣҲ䭵̰֮£䭱ǵģ
 ܿʮղ;򾩳ǣ
κƽþԣ жԼӵ۳ʧ
ʶ꣬ʱ˶׳־ҪıὭɽ ҲмĺԸ
һߵ ˶ȨƶĥġκƽٻĵߣδӰݽ档
ļӵۣѾһΪȨƲֶΣ κһ߶ûеˡ
ļӵۣ ȫ֮ ǹڽҲ䡣
Ȼ¼ˣǳҲֻܾΪ
˼ã ˵
ӵۼӦ ΢Щκƽ̴ȥɽ̸С
κƽ˹̻ص鷿дһţȻĸվϵͳ ӱް͵ƽȥ
Ϊ࣬żӵۣ ˽һӼվϵͳȫûġ
̩Ϊ Ϊ˷̩ʮյİΣ ٿ֪£ Ҿ̸ܵΪʱ䡣
а취¡
*
ͬʱ Ҳߥ޾ȨǹӵۣȡֱӴ򿪾ǣӭǡ
һսңھеҵܱס
ҪǣôҲһӵ֮
Ȱ˵ЩȨ
ԴȨȴء
ΪиܴķգǵĽںĵ۵еģûȥĵ۵
Ȼֻ»ûȵǣǾڼӵ۵ˡ
ûкĵ۵ϣЩܳɶ°
Щ˵ĹǣùǺ˽ºԹ
ʱˣЩ˻أԥȥ˵֮ȲˣѵΪԼûǣ
˵Ż
£ͽϵĴˣ˵ǾƷȥ
ЩɻʲôҪȥա񸮵˹ĳԴöȣҲõ
ͷȥ˺û
£ͷҪ
˽ܵů󣬿ͷվŸ̫ࡣ
תͷжʱ־ɫ
塣
˵˸
ԭ˾۫
ȫû뵽ԷĴ
óȻ壬Ҫ̡
ÿɷ˽Ϊӵƹ񸮣ʲô
Ӻֱӣ
תһСԸΪֵĺͼҵЧȮ֮͡
ȴϳԼ˽
ӵ
岻ˣʱСذڴֵı£ѾȻضϵֵġ
һ漴ҲӦô꣬һЩҲΪ档
壬ֶûж⣬Ҳ̽˽ֻ֣Щڹ¶ѡ
´
ֶûеĸ壬ȴܵõӵΣƹ񸮶꣬ҲǸ
ڵģȴء
Ӳ뵳ֳǫµǳҲȫû侮ʯ
˵ΪΪ񣬲˵һݴ֮
֮ɲôõģһСģϵı
ֶáӲɣǵ岻ֶЩʲô
˵˵
ӵ
гֶΪȴְ֮㣬ΪƳ빬谭
ô
һƳǣʹȻĵģʱٲһս
˻ĹңĻҵսʵϧңʱӵǻҲɰ
ܱⳡսʵҲ
кμƻ
˵ԼİţҲȫë
ңЩֻصȨӴ˾úܴ󣬺г⡣
СӶ£뵱ڶմսмзԼơ
ɫ滺ӵļ
ģҶὫʵת֣֪Ĺ͡
л壡
ǰѵ
񸸻Ļҹ˲ϳȻعδˡͻƳţֱȻԼİţûҪΪЩõ˰Լȥ
ʲô֪
һ亹ӣȷЩżòˡ
²˶࣬ȻЩ˿סҲίʵҪȥЩˡԼܼ²Ҫ
Լڽзֲ²㽫¡УָЩж㲻ٹ¡
*
κƽ⻨˰ʱŵִƽ
һ·һͷÿЪϢ߸ʱе̸иʹʮֲߵ̫ˡ
ǰһȥ̸йЩ˼ȴȻͬ
޴䭻ҵ²֣ǾԲԸ䭴뾩ǵһˣȫЧڼӵۡ
κƽĴߴ٣ֻǵʹˣҪú񣬵ƽ󣬲Ӻһζ·һ¡
ò׵ƽǵǵԽפƽǣȴ޷
ǽӴױص
ǿæλݵȺټɡ
ݳԴһӦȫλʹ߾԰ס¡
˵ֵʱؿһκƽ⡣
κƽʱˣ
³ؾ첦ߡ
ʹס춼ͼ취ȥ䭶ûܴɣίʵļ١
ΨһοǣȻǣȴҲûзµ˼
*
а£ۼҪĺľʱ򣬲ڼ䭡
һ棬۾̲סеĻ̵
ǺôļӣʹŶ˵
׵΢΢һЦȴ˿ûӣ
ʹʲôüģʲôøʵ˵
ӿõԤУ
ʲô˼
ɴЦĿȴ񲻿ɵƣ
Ȼλ뱾һؾʡ
˵꣬Ը
ˣλʹһϳ
һ䣬ʿǰ˰סҪŤ͡
ȫˣһһߴ󺰣
ѵҪ˷̩յİΣǿ뾩£ڲƭ˵Ĳɣ
ȫϵЦݡ
䭵ױǰֱӸһƣ
͢ĻʲôʸǿȣóʮյҪЮ
ϧ̩ʮѾ˳ǵвѾˣ
ܣܣ
ۻû˵꣬㱻סȥ
Ҳ۲ţΪ̩ʮȷʵûй˳䭡
ʮӵѪǰվı׼ģ²һײʿһټǵļ˶ԭܵ͢ƿأԼӵ۵ҳ϶Ǻܸߵġ
ҪöԸӵİ취Ըвͨġ
ԣڵ֪κƽϢҲֻǱӪУֱɱ֧ӵͳ죬֧ӶʱңȻ˰Ѽӵ۵Ĵ㹫ھУʿǵķŭʹøͳʱ޷ִмӵ۵Ž˷̩Σ
Ҫշ֧ӣȴҪȵƿشЩʿļȫ֮
뿪ʣ˸κƽɰ󣬲λǰº͵ص
Щʱգίκˣ
κƽ⳯˸
΢ĩС£ί
䭵
κĻգ뾩дȨǲһģ̩лл㡣
ֻİˡκƽ⹧ص
£ЦŸһ裺
˴νὫȫκԸ
κƽʱĬ
ûԥ̫ãأ
ѸߣѵΣȮκңԸΪЧȮ֮͡¼£
¸ߣȵԽϵ׳ࡣ
볹׵رѼӵۡ
κҺҪ·Թ˳ΨˣΪӵס塣
䭿һۣĬĬ̾Ϣ
ʿľƢʧһš
κһ۵ǿͷ֧֣ҪʿǿؾͻһЩκƽµˡ
ǿŤĹϲ𣬼ȻκƽⲻԸΪĳ͢ЧҲǿѣκƽĶҲһá
ˣǽκֻܰϢɡ
κƽЦ¡
սɱܰġ
Ȼȫû뵽һ·ûеڻѪɺӡ
۵˸ɽʱ򣬿ıжӵɽִ
Щ˸Լĳì󵶲ѩվñֱǳơ
ϵԶԶһĻʱһϲ
ɽؾһս֮ܽɽźá
Ȼ߽ľѸٷֳڵԣΪмó˿ĵ·Ȼˢˢ¹ɽ
ǧ꣡ǧ꣡
Ǻ
˶ʱ˾֮С
ɽѱˣ⾿ʲôʱ£
Ҫǣ˳߶ôټ·ΧǱ߻ܿסã
֪ʱľѾ˻ҡ


215 
ӵȻǲ׷ǵġ
ǳΪϣ ΪǱϻ£ûκһǳصķȾǸ̡
ֻܳ ѣӵȻð㸹֮յġ
ҲȨǿѡߵԭ
ûõѡ ӵ۱һߵȴ̩κƽǱߵϢһھǱս
һΣϮʱһҰ Ǹ˺ʳ˾ǣ ǰȫԸ޽ǽ
ٳ¾ͷֵĳǽ⣬Щȥûؽ
Ͼ֮ûã䭾ͽԱֵв һǲ̫ٴвǵġ
Ҫǣ 飬 òôǮдģɡ
ҪٴõǽķϵͳɲǵüӰӵ㲻ϧһд۵ظϽѳǽ޺ô
Ϳ˾ǵİգ ƽ֮ҵ׳꣬ ǿҪǰȥǽ
ҲҪóеǮ֧Ԯǽ衣
Ǳͻȫҵкܶ˶ǿСģһ׳꣬еҵʱһ롣
ӵһֱ˶ƣ Ѿߵɱӣ޶ 죬 Ϊ ˶ȫѾ
ܶ˲ŴӢۻķͽ磬 ٸ˵ Ϊкܶ඼˻гһɫĿˡ
Щ˹ƻ췴İա
еѾĶж񼣡
Щûʲôİձ˴£ʮֿ־壬ӹٸĻȫǽ
ɳﻹкܶʶ֮ʿǲôױŪġ
ЩĶǣݲùٸеʥˡ
ഺ٣лоȳвηѪ
ǸԺѧΪ˳Ĵߣÿһ˳ۼĵطΪ粵
¾ɱҥԣ
ӣмһǸֶ̼֤ôͻȻյ£
ɫĿ˲ǱİܾӢᱻң
Һú룬Ϊθʮؾ˳ǶƶճѵΪǱ߽ۼ֤԰ʿжã
ɱӱȻǻʵ϶ʹٹǶ
ΪȻ߻λǵطָƽգ
ҥôη˭ԸΪ˱ǵȨƸƴԿ
ЩүƽѹեյģѵˣҲԸŴսӢۣ
ÿһ仰оݣʡ
ЩİǣΪҥԶĿ־侲
ӵŴ£̡
ˣЩѧӷˣԻڹƻգͨͨ
ڽѲߣԻڵˣһɱһ
ɱ
ȷʵܺõ˶ǣȴԽǶԳ͢ߺޣҲаǶ˵ĻԽӡ̡
ӴĽҾȺԶǵĻΪͬ
֪ϿߵԴʲôġ
Ϸѱô
Ϊʲô͢ô¸ر߾ΪֻҪӴǱߣ˶Ǳߺð
ԣ͢Щ£Ͳţ
Լҵ˸ֶӶǱߵƳ磬ǱҲݲó͢ҥˡ
ϾҪǾֱǹ˳ǵ˸ֶҲܳΪµıܹϺˡ
ȻˣΪʲôҪֿǵ˸ֶƾ
ӴȺ岻˴Ϊǵ۷ܿ쵹ꡣ
ǽǽĹ˼ڣ̧ˣһжҪ
յͶԽЩûõľǰձ
µЧԽԽͣ๤ĹԱΪڹ涨ʱȻֻñӴߴǸɻаԽ
͢ǵ˿ΪʲôҪų͢Ĵٹ˺ͻʵ޳ǽ
ˣ
ˣ
ǽչ˳˷
ΪɱӺձɱ˵ȷʵѹ˰չ˳ȴֻܽаǶԳֺ͢¡
лᣬȻᷴɡ
ûãд˸˷ŭϢ
ʵѾκǰȥƽ̸У볯͢Ρ
ԭָƾǵİǶʱˡ
ôУҪǻΣǲԶ޷ѻӹĻʵۺЩѹǵĹ
ǧܴӦ
𲻴Ӧ治˵ΪǻԷ̩ʮյвأҪǹ򾩳ǣͻ÷̩ʮפɱ̩ʮգ
ǿ֪ܲȥ̩Ǳ;ȫսʿǰ棬ΪľҪǱ߲ҿڡ
ȫżӵǻ볯͢Ĺó¡
յоƽΪ㣬ôҥûá
²ĽǶŭѡ
ıֱǧδУ
԰ֻĲŻðūǰͷֱһб
ʵ˲Ѱյ£Ϊһ֮˽ͿԲϧɱ̩ʮգ
ĴǣǻѾǵİҲƳȥֵǱߵڵ
бĻʵֻҴ޾Ŀѣ
ʹʹ̩ʮգҲһҪ򾩳ǲźã
ֻҪռݾǵǻΪۣȫǧնܴӻѣ
ôΪŰΪ޳ǽֵ
ǽϵİٴα˰չҲɱա
ӵ۱ǰȥѹչգ÷ŭ²Ƕʱͱˡ
²ǽǣһЩѹľǽʱͳս
ӵñף򳯳ѯʽ취˵۵˶Ʋ
ðǲǶǻȲҪźˣ
ӵָƿڴ
æ¹ңֻ벻취ѡ
µ񣬼ӵ۶û˿취
Ǻ޲ðЩȫɱˣɱֻǸģЩһ췴
ңĺܼ֣˵۵ҲòʲôõĽ취
ӵ۽ǵҹ£һһ㲡
ڵȴκƽǱߵϢ䭱ȴӦεҪ
Ȼȴ䭼ʾִﾩǵϢ
ӵ׹ߣȫ亹乣ȴɲΪˡ
ǿƽȻһλ
׽Щ췴İϵ⣬жŶҶɺӣ־ͻըЩİ
زѾûκαҪٹ˼ˣ
ڼӵ۵Ľʵǰȥִ
ӵȴܰ߻ӷ޴˴˽һͷʹõǮƣ
£Ҫʲô
ӵŬά˾ķȣҧгݵص
뾩ֻһˣǵķֲ̫ãǱȥϣ
ʱžôҲǺ׼
Ψһ·
Ļӵĸǽϵһ壬ΪĻӵĴλضЧ
Ǹԣ֮磬˿Ҳ࣬ȱҲȱԺܿڽġõ̩ʮҲӹ䭵׷ɱｭϡ
Ψһľǣ½·̫ױΧ׷½أҪȥϣֻðյĺ·
ѾΨһݲġ
룬ӵֶĸӣȥϣҪĻӵĸ壬ҪãĻǱͻ
Щӵ۱Ҵ뿪ȥˣֻɫ̵߻Լ߻ӡ
߻û뵽ӵһ֮Ҳֻֻܲʳӣ˾յƣ˶δã־塣
߻ǰ;ߺޡ
ã
Ҫã
Ѿʮ꣬ʮ꣡
ȥ˽ϣһжҪĻĸ壬ΪסĻǱߣضĻΪ̫ӣټĻĸǿƣỹǰ̣
ĻӶĵӣܷסδ֪
޷ԼΪĿ棡
*
һף²ͨնϾ·硣
ʮС²ȫϵ˳⡣
صĳ£Ըʵĳǽûйеûκΰ취
ͷǻǺӣҲ޷ɺӣֻܴԭ̼ܶ
һ죬˿˶԰ľӡ
Ʈŵ죬˭
ˣ
ˣ
ǽİʿǶʱ˷ܵظߺ


˳嵽Ǻӱ԰ִ󺰣ͼǵע⡣
ʱ򣬳һҶСͨǺ˺Ӷ԰ͷĴżӵ۵
ҪɺӣǾͻɱЩӵ
ͬ˳µʿա
ų¥Щ߸װ׵Ͷʯ˶ʱ־岻ѡ
Сҹȫ֣·ڷ̩ϵʱȻ÷ŭȴܽܵģֵԼܶ˱⺦£ϣЭ
Ľֲûг̫á
ΪǱȷʵûжɺӣʿһž޴ڹߵǰ棬׼˳ǽϵһͶʯ
һʼ¥ϵĽǲûн⵱¡
Ϊ͢˵ˣǶ̾ڵſĻǺԼǽĿյأǱߵڵܴ򵽳¥
Ȼһ̾޴ڵХڶӸȻըըŮǽŵҲһȼ˸ıը
֪רΪ׼Ĵɱ
ʱзǾ̸ԶĶ̾ڡ
Ҳʲô£ΪֻҪڵٸĽһ׵ĳĳˡ
һʼô죬Ϊ̫ز䣬һĳǳҲòڡ
Ѿͨˮ·ȻǺԥЩڸˡ
Ȼڲرֻ࣬ܽһֵͶʯ
ҲֻҪһ־͹ˡ
ǿָӰЩûͶʯĵط
԰Ӷĵķ򣬳ǽµİʿǷӦ̳ûͶʯĵطȥ
ǰС뻤Ǻӣڵڻ¿ʼǡ
¥ϴľ޴ըòױѹȥĽӪҲٴλ䡣
ˣѾʼˣ
Ǳߵڵȳ͢ˣǻ¸򣡡
ˣҿ尡
򵹻ӭǣ
ĵñͶԳ͢˵Ľ²ʿʰ˷
ߺų˳š
ŵľܵУǱߵĺըʧء
ʱ䣬䭵ǰ沿ӾѾ˾Ǳţ¶ӭӴˡ
Ŵ󿪵һ̣²İǶ鲻Խػ
һʱ䣬ЩŭİʿһС
ʧȥ˳ǽıӻоʱʿ
һµı潻սиԽη塣
ĲֻЩڵսҲԶԶѹǡ
ǱߵԭرóϣһΧסɡ
Сӵóս翳ˣħֵɳ˸þˡ
ټЩ±ǵΧǺܿ͹ѲڣͶͶܵܣҲ޷γķ
һ£Ӵľӱжӣֱʹȥ
ԭڳİǣ˸߲ҵرԼУھǴĴϢ
˵ϢҲȸԾѡ
ǿǰλˣ
ûбΣȫµİԺкӹˣ
ۼ֤ǵİʿǣ˷ܵŵʱĳ
Ǹ֪ǱߵжԶԶľ룬ֱӰѳǽЩըˣ
ܵ˵˭ó
ʲôûЩö඼ӻнͷ۾֣رĻһ¾ͼķӣһϢҵ
ҲֻܽЩӺɳнֹ׳
¹˰
ǿľٸҴԺȻǹ̩񰲵ʢ
ǽ̸ֵŸս¾ӣǰжŻϲ졣


216 
үʾˣ
ฮļҶŽ㱨
һ һţ
ôô죡
ԭΪƾžǵķл Ҳܼһ£ʵȴֻһ죡
 κһսУȫŵٶȿ˵С
Ϊ˵һǰ ûԸԼҲܱͬ˲ҡ
֪˾ǱȻ ô죬ǸȥͶϰ
Ʊ仯ʵ̫죬Ҫ˼ǵң ѾȫϽˡ
೤ӺҲһ¶
 Ѿˣ ǿô찡ǺҲᱻ翹ĵжɴɣ
˼Ƭ̣һҧ 
Ϲٷ ȥʹŴӭ
ƽԭзĺǿңΪĺ磬ھطвΣ ڲܲ˵ش
οȥӭӣ ҲѾ˹˳̬ȡ
Աȼӵûλ ǰ¹͡
һȨ
Ͼӵǰ ֻ֪ͨкĵ۵벿ֽҵˡ
ǣ кܶ²㾩١
ǴӺ翪ʼ мΪĽˣ֮ٹ龩ǣȻҪһʱǰȥΰݵġ
ǵٶȻ˵㡣жҲ
ȥʱ˼ҴѾװվڻʹŴˡ
ֺĻʹŴʬ壬ѪûɣȻǲŸվһս
һСӹص
£з壡
ڸʲô
εľ֡
΢΢һЦ
ȻǺ͸λһΪʹӭˣ
΢˿вû
ôҲû뵽ƽﲻ죬ųܵĴȻܶ˴¡
ʹĽɶǾ񰡣ô׾ʹôྫģ
ҪǣΪ»ʹھȨĹͿͷһݵģ
ôһȣЩʹſӭӵˣԵ̫һǴˣ
֪ôףȰ˵һͬ򿪾ǵʱ򣬺ҾͲհǰ˺
ȻôĲֻǺһˡ
ۿȥڳٵȨǿ¶ںޣеĽؿедеӹתıʲô⡣
û̫ã˾͸ܵʯ·ϴ΢𶯣𶯴ķһƣһ֧ӴÿͷĶ飬ɫľװشԶ
Ǿչ߸Ʈŵģȫǻɫ졣
ǽȴӭ˹ȥ
ǱߵľǰҲɢΪóмĵ·װս䭳ҰС
뾩꣬ٴοĴӣպյ
ǫ͵Ļʳӣǣ纮ı˲ֱӡ
䭵ս岽Զĵطԥع£ϵײʯ·Ϸ
һݾߵĴ񣬸ߺ
ӭ£꣡
Ľ죬Ҳߵס
ЩһȨ󳼶ˡ
ʲôҲ̸ʲôŵҲҪͷΪ»
練Ӧܿ죬ϽԼڷ㶵Ķǰȥߵף
繧ӭ£꣡
ʱЩĽ²㾩Ҳع¹ɽ
꣡
ǵǹĻϲӭǧ˳֮ң֮ң
ԥȨʱٵ󣬷׷ԭع£ɽꡣ
ƽԭǿңĳ֮׵綼ˣǻϽ̬ѵҪű϶»ʵɱӺļ
ƾɱڵȨ󶼾Ƚŷһ㶼ѡ
ϣӸµؿѾһصٹ٣Ӳ񣬷Է˹ǰĴ
𣡡
û뵽ڴʱΪۣȨ̬ͨͨ
Ȼ̫Щô룬ʹǷԣҲЩһƬ⣬Ṽ
£Ѿ˳ռ˻ʹָĽܣ
ǽʮ߾ͳ콫ͣͣ½ʿµǲ
ǣ
ʹȻ䭿˸ͷ
£΢ͣԸΪ¸𣡡
صͷ
ˣ
ΪЧӦ֮⣡
ſ󳼣
䶼ƽɣȸɢȥңҪ£Իټȡ
˵ֶ꣬Դ
һɡ
˵㷭ǣһƥһͬȥ
ǴҲȨ
ӽǶ֧䡣
ڹϣսȻͬĸй١
ڵȨ
˵ûκ˿ڹ˻ʺ̫󣬹̫ӣûرĶ׼ڹﶼֻܲС
䭣ΪʳҲֻܲС
Ȼǵ뿪ฮ߽⹬ʱ飬ΰǣ֮ǰϰٴεɭϹ棬⹬ǣԼӵη塣
ڹ֮УԼСͬϷĹһ㡣
⹬ǵˡ
ԴκڹȨ
СѾԶȥ
ѹͷӿĸʴ
ǱΣ

ݽڣӦ߲Զġ
פԸԼеĽ
Ӫˣȥһǡ
ͬɳӵӵ˽ϣپһֶɽ𣬱ȻԽָ˰صصʧ
ԣǾӵۺ͸żӵһܵĻѵġ
*
䭼ǹŵļӵ۵ˣȷʵ紼˵ûߵ̫Զ
䭵ִﾩǰһվѾܴӾǶ뿪ˡ
ʱǶڱսľѺһЩǾĳ˻ɡ
ӵ۲ȷʲôʱṥ뾩ǷѾ뿪Ϊףһ·϶׼ͣЪٶȸ·ȥߡ
Ȼ˺Ѫ֮·ҲֲסҪͣг׵ˡ
δôϹ·Ĵٹ˺ŮǶп಻ֻһܴ֯ĹŮ̫ǣķˡ
ʵۺǣЩȨǣҳ˻㾫ƵȲȷµĽʿǣֻܴպˮһЩ
ѾʮµףҹѾ˪˶䡣
ʿǣǿûסů񣬻Ƥãů¯ȡů
ѲһˣȻԼӵ۵
ʣͷ̫ˣֻʿҪ˸ǰЩҲýǸĶ¡
ӵûô˼Ӧˣ
úܵȥɡ
ӻǺģЩһֱ񸮴úܺãȥҲԸ
õӵ۵׿ϣӱȥ˰ûãһ뽪˽ʿǵ
캮ضʱһڵˮ˭Ҳ޷ܾÿʿˮȵøɸɾ
˴£Ӳźۼس֮һ׵˵ͷ˽һ
ǸţͼӵӦϰ⵹ݼҺͻʺ̫ӣ˰˳
⼸żᱻӵãȴҲûи̫Ȩ
ȥɽ߽ʮִ¾ֲ
ҲΪӵεĽȫ˳ȥӵȥϣֻܰҲϣһ־
Ͼ·иôҪָս
ӵ۴ʱȫû뵽ѾĻӪ
۳Ͷһ࣬ӵۻƣ´ªȴ̿ů˯ȥ
û˯¶ãӵ۱ͻȻͷĺɱѡ

£²ˣ״һ֧ѱˣ
ӵһ
ͷΣ
ɫأ
Ѿʳ˰Ͷʹйֹս
ӵ𷽲ʾͽʱˣ
ض۫ڽ˶
û뵽һֱҳӻڴʱְ֮ʿʳ¶һ
ɴʱ׷Щµʱ򣬼ӵɫһݣ
ȥĸӴ
׵Ů⵹ʺ֮ǰͽģΪӵʮӡ
ʮӵȻΪĳײȴƽ뾩ʱҲǴŵġ
ؼʱ̼ӵ۾ҪЮףΪԼһ·
ûãСӾͱ˼ӵУΪʡ
ӵַԸ˰߻ӣĻӼȫ˹ǳ߽ʣЩûеĽǵǳߡ
ȻЧĽʵڱһ뽪۵úܲңǻûܶԶױѾЩ˽ŰΧ
͸ؿͷЩ׼ǵĹ
Ůȫŵɫ߰ĻҲɫҰɪɪ
ŵȫûΣա
ʱΨмӵۺ߻˵ɫһ㡣
£³ɣǾһûҪֵôѿʵʵһȥҲƤ֮࣡
׶ų
ӵɫ࣬ԭ׾ѾͶ
ʣ۫Ҳһ
ððޣ
ĴЦȻһѳŶڳ߻ӵ
ӣʮʵܣһ³
һҪȥϣ
ʱ˶ãҲֻܿԼε߻Ӳһ·ˣ
߻ӿŵú޵ʮӣһĨĹ⡣
ǡ
ץʮӣӵһ˳
ԼŮΪʣ׽üͷ
Ϊ˲ӵۣЩʿҩЧǰóȻŮߣȴǱӵȡ
ӵһذ׺Ĳϣ׵
ףΪŮʬʵʵ뿪
жʮţʣֻҪ׿һ棬ǳɹӵߵʤܴ
һף
ݽݻɽǲķߡ
Ŷļӵ۵ˣݺݵеȭͷ
ΪݼҸýŮ͵ӵ۹ΪͶ״ŮѾΪһˣѵ컹Ҫڶ
˼ӵ۵ҪЮüӵߣô
ԥ䣬ӵߵ߻ȴͻȻˡ
ԭʮӾذףͻȻ˼ӵذ׵ۡ
ӵ۳ʹ֮£еذ׶ʱ˵ϡ
ӵ۱ϾѾʮֽŻ߻ȴ׳ʱһѽӵ۳ذ׵˼ӵ۾䣬̼ס
ʶʲô
ӵ־ŭ
Ȼ߻ӿϲسӺ
Ұץס˸ʣд󹦣
ҶˣץģһҪʵ֣


217 
ӵȫû뵽 ΨһϵĶӣʱεˣȻؼʱͱһ
Ŀѣ Ҫ߻ƴӱذ׵Ҳ˼ɡ
߻⧲±˵ڵأ ס˲ӣ
ӣ㾹ұޣҪɱ㣡
Ȼ˥߻ӵĶ֣߻һߵؿϣ ɿǯơ
߻˹ȥšסӵ۵֣ ˰סӰԼȻ׵˴
ǻŸʲô £
Ҳ˷Ӧ ʵʾƬ֮䣬 ˭Ҳû뵽ܵʵƫ߻ӣ ѡڴʱѼӵۡ
һº ޷вʣЩϷ˼ˡ
Ȼӵһֱϴ£Щڣȥ£ ôɻӻŮûΪξ͵˼ûм ƽʱҲûʲôɫֵ߻أ
԰еģ ɶȥϺܷõġ
ˣ ˴˿̵Ÿ⸴ӡ
۫ һֻôġ
Ϊӣ ˭ܲõϲƫƫĶӣôŬڼӵǰҲǸūͶѡ
߻ȴʲôܵõӵ۵ƫġ
ɱһĻӲǣ
ˣ˶
һ£ʿȥס˼ӵۣıŭ߻ҲõͬĴ
жʱͻˣһһɫش󺰣
ǹƾʲôң۫ǹ˽𣡡
ȻЩָӣһλˣǿɲ˼߻ӵ뷨
ǣӵ߻ˣýʵʵطֱ͵ϣסͣԷܻԾ
մЩɵǧ׷˫һѺżӵڶܵȨǷ˾ǡ
*
ʹһʱ佫ＸҪĹһ飬˿ɿ֣䭱
ͷһҹ
ڴǷҲһָȷı̬
ûϴëо꣬ѩɽݵأﶼ˯¡һȴ˯òȣڴʱ˶úƣ
һޱΡ
ԭӦ˵Լʹصһ
ΪʳӣСͱ˵ӵҲ˵ڴ
ฮϵˣֺ
ֵ¿ĽȶԴ׶ӻҪİٱ
ۣԴһ࿪ʼһֱֵ¿Դߡ
д֣˴£ʱԴ̣ոµǻۡ
һʼΪżֱһ죬ۿͨعڵϣ˸ͷŶ˵£ӽֻܿԼˡ
Ȼף֪һ죬Ժ޲ڽǰȫװ
һμԼĸͬĸĽ㣬ܵ˸Ӵ飬Ҳʶ˹еĲܣĶǡ
ĸڹвܳ裬ǻʳӵĸλҲʱ񸮿˿öȣĶʮ׾ݡ
֪˵Ĵڡ
һμ棬СԴӣкܲζҲ
ⲻĸ׺ͽΪҪ˱΢ֺ
ɵ֪Ϊһʱд˰ķΪÿʱͳһЬ࣬Ҫܶ˵ʱҲ޷Ӳĳ
ǾСֻСȼɭ߲ȵ͵Ĺ͢ȥ
ΨһָֻгϢǲܻøãϡ
ֶһΡ
ƴȫȥѧϰȥ֣еܵܶȥȡʵϲ뿴ء
ܿͳɹˡ
˸ϲĻӣʱõʵĿ佱ͣĸ¸裬ĵλҲˮǴߡ
ʮ꣬һͬĸá
ڸܵأڳҲ˸׷ߡ
ΪԼѾúܺãһлԽԽãʵȴܿһơ
꣬ĸšһТʮĶ㱻ּױ֡
ӵʥּһ̣ɫҰֽҲǺܺȥ׵ģ嶯Ҫȥ򸸻ʱȴرס
䭣ҪȥҪǸҲ¼ȥֻ֣ҪС߶úõģʲôУ㲻Ҫȥ
ſ
䭻ȥȴѵⲻ£Ϊ˽鲻˴֡
ʸСĴۻȡ߽ڻң˹ҪΪ
֪ǣߵ嶼ǲǣӲΪԵ㡣
أףȥٵĲͨóףЩǵ̰߾ǿʢıֽĵطʱ⵽ӡ
޷
ڷѩй˰ղŵõӼѾȫ侲
ڳʵֻиʸǨŭ㣬ֻöڳ޵ʱ򴦾ѡ
ֽϺ׵ĻΣٴ
㣬㶼Ҫúûȥһһ
һôλĸﳯбôָʱķǿʢʱ򣬱Ҳ˸ҵ׽㡣
Ҫö⻹
кᣬֲؿ
Ű䭣ҵŰң
ԺԽŬȥȨơ
ϻΪ׼ײߣһһֵĲ£жΣնѰ죬һύһƯĴ
£ºǫʿƶɸ˲ţҲΪײ˲ʵ¡
볯еãԽǶԽԽ׷
ҲΪڴгһյϻλΪһʰӢľ
Ϊ˵ڴҲΪԼҰ뱧Ŵӵ̫ӵƴһ
ȻʹŬȴǲϵıʧȥ
ʮ꣬ڿా˾󣬲ڱ֡
ʮ߹ͻֵͼ̨
׵ʱʲôˣú׵ʱ
޶ȵŬҲֻǽó޵ʱӳٵ
ŵڰ⵹̫ӵͻ߹ȥס
ԽУӿ˶̫ӵĶһʱ䣬۵һְͬ⵹̫ӵ
Դ˸ıõˣȴǸʵٴʳԡ
̫ӵ̨ûãֶԱ߽ĽԽ޼ɵ
Ϊս£ȶ֣ӶŵǿӲذ߹޵֡
ȴ֮㡣
ûã۵ӵּҳ֣֧Ա̰īɱ˵ǣּҼĵʾɣɱ˸ͷ
ǷʵǸҪʵ㹻ıȨҪ˭˭ͱ
ӵ۶̫ͻȻ̫Ѹ٣ȫԤ֮⡣
˭Ҳû뵽λ߸ϵĵڸհ⵹̫ӵ󣬾̶ԴӵҲ֡
Ǹûü֯ķ
ĽڿУ뾡취ҲûּųնĽ֣˶밸УһʱĽõȦ
߹Ҳڼ޵ְ˲ŵϢ
شϢѹյһݣһڷϹա
ûٹעʧߡ
ӣĻӵҲΪĸڴȨգûκһ˿ԷȨ
ϵأΪʺ֮ӣǸǰûбκ˷߻ҲΪ̫ӡ
Ϲϸأ֪Ϣ
̫ûãֱԴ˴ģս
ڶĴǱֵĶ֣ûñڽڰˡ
ʱΪѵһǧӪսϱֳɫӵⱻĻӳ
ȴɱ֮
ǰܹƣø߸ϵ̬żӵ۵Ļ
£ҲֱºġҪ͹Լʵˣǰ
͢⻼Ƶº̫ӵǾͼҵ˻ȥġ
˵꣬˸ǿơ
ڼµʹʧȥֱ֪ԼһС˵
ĸǶ˶ĺΨŮĵ
ΪĸڲпĹ͢ﱣȫƽλλĻʳɰӣյһﳯ𽥳ΪӴĴӵ˶Եв̫ӵȻһӵյĻӡ
Ŀ̶꣬ڴȨգİ޶ȫҫһҸһ
ֱʱףԭԼһֱǰ⵹̫ӵĹߣǱĸӵҪӡ
ǼӪӪһӣЦ
Ʒи֣ϡ
лǹɫġ̫ӵÿһҲڴڰգ
˸ʵƫģµƫģ
Ľã׷ּҼڶ󳼣ȫΪνĵ谮Ѫ
ǧգҲˮȣ
ûã庹ϳܿ칥˾ǡ
ĸʽλ߻ӣȨؽϣǧĴգȫ֮£
Ȩˣķȴ˷
Ѫɺӣɽɫң
һ̣ͷѪĺ벻ʱŷ˼£
ĸʵǻֻһҪλ֮ӣרעڶԸָӶɽôˣ
ˣΪ˸Ϊ˾
˲ٿ£ججعһ
ʱиӾ޿ײУ
䭣һ
룡
ԥػش
Ǿ͸ᡣ
Ȼ㱻ӡм䣬Ͷ̥ǧִᣬڤڤָУʮ飬Ϊһֱִľ֪ʶʮһ꣬ɳΪһλĽ졣
֪ʶ뱾죬ػǰʮһ꣬ȫȻԹߵǰȻͬѡ
*
ڴ϶˰ʱԴķ籩ƽϢ
ǰм䣬䭵˻ȡ
ѹ뱣ԽԽ׽ԡԭĸԽԽͬܣԭǸͬһˡ
Ǳˡ
һǶúûš
ʱ˿̣Խضǲ֪֮˵һ䣬ûйkĻᣡ
мkİţʱΪȫʤ߲һУ类ҪԹصļӰжϡ
ڽҲһֱúϧһԼܣΪĹ̫ƽʢ
£ݽڹǻλˡ
ڵţ
λ
뵽۫ͨ崼Ļǳɹ׽˼ӵۡ
ɡ
Ը
뾩꣬Ҫλ޼˵Ķ
ԭǴһֱУԼӵ۴նģָǰĵ£ȴ⡣


218 
ûã ׵ˣѺżӵۺ߻
Ѿ֮ǰ˵˰ٹٹӭΪµ۵£ ʱҲʶȤذΰݡ
۫ײμ£꣡
ϵҪݾߵ 䭴ˣ
λƽɡ
ӵۼ˲ΰ䭣±ס壬 ס죬 ҲĿ첱Ӵ֣Ҫˡ
䭿һۣ΢΢˴ǣ º͵ѯ۫һ· ֪ЩżӵһȨӺǵ
Щˣ һ©رץ˻
һ䭷Ը
ʮܣ ݽؼϰɡɻޣ ʮܵһӦöȣҲ͵ݸȥ
׶ʱϲ
л¶䣡
ŮŶʮͷ껪ڹֻ̫һڴȰƹŷܻؼң ɻޣ͵ȫµ ׵ܲˡ
 ֹ˽
׻㱨 ²Чڼӵ۵Ľǧˣ ɱǧˡߣ սٶʮһˣһʮˡ
ߵ޺ýоΪǺ˷͡
ʿл£
ֿ򰲾۫
ܣǱ߲µĹǣҲͬй֮ʿ͡
Ӷʱзϲ⡣
º͵ؽܣܵܵġ͹̫࣬ҲζϿ񸮵ĸ³ĵλˡ
Ҳлʹͣ
ˣǶ°ɡ
˹ˡ
ſѺŹڵµļӵ߻ӡ
߻ӵǹعţӵȴǱ˰Ŷ
䭷ԸΪӵȡڿеĲĿȻɫȴƽؿ
ʣʱּ࣬ˡ
䭵ƽڼӵۿҲҫ
ǰʱ꣬˵ĵλȫߵ
ǰ䭻ںпధҪ߹ȥס˰ŹڵУ䭸߸ϵϣ
мӵۺ޵ͷѪ
ɹӵϣ䭿Щ˫ల£Լͳνϵİڽɽ
룬ʲôʧȥģ
ʲôˣ˾һѣ
ҳӣ㲻ú
ͬҰްִƿڴѪ˿۾˺޲ýĺ⡣
޸㣬޾ҲܴӦλ㣡һӶǴλ泼ӣ
⻰䭲ɵЦһ
ӵۿǺεĲм𣬶ʱǱʹ
޾޸Цʲô
䭸ĺ
һ仰Ϳľֻܿŭﻹͦ졣
ǷŭҰһʲôء
רе˵ܡ
ЦʲôȻЦЦİɣ޾ԲҪλҲ
˵ţסͣҷԸ
ˣѺ⵽ΣرءߣҲˡ
ǣ
֪ԼһԸӵ۾Ҳˡ
ôȥء
ʹ̷Ҳ٣ǧ൶òһˡ
̫ˡ
һӷµ飬˺ˣȥǱ
Ҫþõػţʹػš
˼ӵۣ˸Ƿ淢ȥּǰǻݾӴǣǵٹҲӦͬǡ
ڵǻĳ죬£Լеܳ˷ʱ䣬ֱӽ˾ԭ졣
½ԪĲɣ߻ᰢķУҲƯھٰ쳯֣½ʲô©³˵䭲޹޵»پ顣
һһеλþô࣬ҪõĹȴкܶ࣬ܵøй˲λá
ԣµ۫½ԪֻЭ졣
Ȼڽְ½ԪȻܸˡ
»󳼵İףȻỹҸоõΪԼӸλھڶɳͷһ쵽£»ʿˡ
Ϊ³һϯ֮أ½Ԫڳǻ°ø
*
һµİ棬ٹҲ¶ʮһϵ˾ǡ
һڼ䣬Ѿھ²˳ǷΰıԭĽɽؾȣ͵ͣðõİá
棬ȫһ飬ԸҪԱıִ֣Ǯ˰գĲҵ뼼ıȣȫ
棬ӵ۹ϵеĸ߹٣ȫΣǸȫΪĹԱݴ
Ϊ䭽û죬ó³̣ԭĳ͢ϵܿתû̫ҡ
ĹְҪȵϵĹԱ֮ͳһС
֮⣬䭶ԳףиżӵܵȨ˺شѹЩȫûǼеĲҵ
ɨǰΪµĹڳλãûκεɽǵ˾֮󣬸ǸµУپ̷أͷһЩ޹ļҾѡ
һ£䭹úæµҲۣ뵽Լ׽ˣܺá
Լ±Ľǰӭٹ١
֪£ٹҲ紩˹ٷݣ׼ӭݡ
ۿɫƮֵܳ¿йԱʿ¹ΰݡ
꣡˺롣Ƹ߰
ʹ£ѩأҲѹסڳÿеĻȡ
ǵĿӽԺǱˣɽΨһˣЩһ׷ˣܲĸеԺأ
ƽ
ص³Ըο˼·ϵ࣬ݻؾ
ҵĳ
ЦŶֵ¿
ݣĪңȻܾĿ֮¸Ķ裬˵Ӧ˾ǣ͸һϳˡ
ϳԼԷֵ¿ϳ
£ⲻ
ֵ¿æƴǡ
κʱעά䭵ǣԼŴҲԥƴǡ
ȴܼ֣
ǿǻʵۣԶҵıصĳϳкβɣ
ֵ¿漴غۿ
ģҲⱲĽȫļС
ܿٵǵλһͳ£Ѿ㡣
Ѿһ֮ȴ˾׽βܳϲ
ãǳдб·һءŵ
ԺκγϣҪйҲǡ

׽ˣԿκ˹£Ψ˲ԡ
ղıѩأֵ¿⻨׻Ҫӭ䲻ζ
ֵ¿̵
ôУӾ͸гӵĹأ
Ϸԡص
һԵ߹һЦ
ܳŸճƵۣЩԼ˿ɲ˲̨
겻ѾȫǴģҲԽжˡ
ֵ¿ĬƬ̣˲۽ǵˮҲЦ
ãԼ˾̨
Ǳ¶ТҿjأҸˣ
䣬ͷĸֻۡģǵȱʰøۡٻȥס
еլۡҪȽŹѫǣȲ͸סڹΣ
˶Це˵á
ֵ¿жȻǲڹгס
ãûǰӦסڹġûôฮۡЦ
һ·кܳ·̣˱Ͷ׽˵Ҳûô˼ɣûþ¡
䭶ûˣ½˴ô̯ӣΪسҪţëȻҪֶġ
һЩеΣֵ¿ŵ
ȵ۱ؾˣ´ôидλگ飿
Ȼǲдġʵ
ô죬ҪԼдһǣЩǵص
Ҫλûλگ飬Ժʷ˵ǲ
Цһŵ
ҪҲΪʸдλگ顣
˶ؿ䭽͵
ܣͶкҳգһ֮ǰ죬ѾּΪºˣ
ֵ¿סˡ
һ˲Żع
ֵ¿̲סƴЦ
Ϊºó
Լӵ˵ǱɱҪˡ
Ҳ̿
˵ӲԸҲò˵ŻͦУ
Сûеõӵ۵κιذ㱻ӵۼ޵ֺܴĥţԼҲЩʮ䱻޵ֺףȥ飬ںĳһҹʧȥ
֣ԼӵкøС
ϣֻôġ
˶ܸ˵ӣҲ¶Ц⡣
ֻԼ֪ǰĳޡ˭ԣ˭˵治ĥӵۣʹظһ
׽Լͬ飬ĺܸˡ
߻ӣסھУˣҲȥǡ
ֵ¿Щ֣ôڱ¿Уº¶ǲһ㡣
æ˵ǻǰһ˲֪ºһңǲҳ˾ǲ
Ϊ󻰡
˴ʱȴûôȥעѾûʲôвĽǻڼܿҪ½µĳ͢ԱףҪæɲء
ϾˣǱµҲǸⰡ
Ѿ˶ۣǹԱĳϣⶨѡš
̩Ϊá̩񰲣ʢ޵Ŀ꣬Ҳ޶°յŵ
ѧŵֵ¿ԴЩǣͼȰı⣺
£ͷá
̩ԢĲ
ԼΪʷ̩ĻʵҲкüȴ඼ûʲô³λһͱƷͳΣ粡ţĻ
Ҳ֪Щ¡
ųصŶ԰ٹٵ
Ҫǿ֮סˣ
һ
ǣʷʥ۵䭣һ¶ʮˣ̩ΪŵǻƵۡ

顷ƣʮ꣬ʥ䭷丸ΪºԪ̩˹ǧʢ
л˵
    ĵͲͿˣ»ûн䭸ͳһȫң̸ĵģӵһҵġҸڸĸ̳ȣڷд
