޸Сˡ
ߣƾƾ

İ
᯳ºͻֹ꣬ڶԷȢˡ
ϣ˻Сˡ
ؽ¥ǰҲסĵĮһž޶֧Ʊѹںͬϣݵǰ
ҽ顣
˭֪ؽ¥̽紫侲Գ֣·ͶͱΪ˶˵ǲľͷǽ飬й¡
ܣƤǱţ
һţͼһСڿУȤǰϥأմҩˮǩ˿ڡ
ϸ£ǻҲǴδй硣
Ժʲôȥ˵Լ

ݱǩ ж?ϲԩ?Լ?
ؼ֣ǣ᯳£ؽ¥  ǣ  רԤղ
һ仰飺ȢˣҼС
⣺


1 
ʮ£ǡ
̨Ű˺üڹʱƽһ˿ů⣬״߶˵˯⡣
ڣ᯳ɳſ˵
ǰһϵĿ籩˯òȣʱůķΧУոСҲ⻹Щ⡣
ֻǡ
Сܣߵ׼ʱڣѾʮ֣ҵĴүͻҹ˾Ŀ顣
עһ󣬲ȻǱߺѽ
һ仰ֱš
᯳°ǰͿʼѧϰּĲҵֻĸ꣬ʱ᯼ҵӹ˾͵¹
˲֪ݣߵλҲصɹģһΪЭйҲǴල
᯳һ뵽ʵˣ˸Ƿ֮ѸٵԼ״̬էһȥܻͦˡ
ֻ̲סֹ
Ŀ᯳߿ôҪȫֵ˷ѴõϢʱӦ꣬ǱΨһĶ¶ֵµӦԲܣǿ
ɴʮȵʮ壬᯳»ûǴеĻҴү
Ľĥ᯳ĺƢҲȾ˼ֻǱǲǿǵʱ򣬾洫һŮ˵
СƵĵطʲôù˾ôͷǵôط
᯳΢΢һ䡣
һ룬ٵõ˲ڳǵǰ
һŹİȥ飬ǰһһŮûκι̸Ծ߽ʱ۴·ﵱ㳡һ㡣
˵᯳£ߵʱɫôÿ㿪ڣͱ᯳һ
᯳¹׼ְҵЦݣվȥǸվţ黹̬κë
Ҳ֪Լһ˵жôףʱǰܣǺãǻҼŵˣλǶ³ΨһĶӣҲǼڵܾԱλδ޹˫˫С㡣
ⲻܻãһܣ᯳ϵЦݼһ֣۾ȫЦ⣬ڻϣһѷļ⵶ϾҪαװ˺ѿ
ͻ꣬ȴû뵽ܸԼôϲ
ͬУͬһѧһϼһ󣬻Ϳʼ׷һ֮󣬻ÿÿﰵ˵Լͥף鹫ᱻԲԸ
˵ʮţ᯳ҲǸߵϲҫˣԺͻ̸ʱҲû
ԼʱеĿȫΪһҾƶȫ򵥣µ׸ѲʱǮ֧Ԯһ
ٿƽﲻôͷϸ޼ص˸еķͣϴĴȫǸ·ƣÿһ۸񶼲ͣlogo·棬±˲֪һ
Ҫûκα仯᯳»㱼䶼ҪΪĸƽĻ
뵽ԼΪʵΪֻǮһ̹Ȼܵӣ᯳²ȭͷЩӲ
ۻȥЩǮֻǱŪĸоȷʵջ
ΨһֵҵĴǣڴѧ棬ǺͻԼʱûй¶ԼʵҾ˶ֻļֻͥǱһҪһЩѡ
ȻôлῴõôʵһĻ
ԼȻҲû뵽᯳£֮飬пһ᯳һھҪ֮˵
ȴû뵽᯳ֻǺܿջĿ⣬һºͣǺãĿĸ֮һ᯳¡
˽ⲢûжԼӽܣȻ
ŻֵĹ˫˫ûв쳣ֻڿ᯳µʱܲһ˿ΣУԻʲô˼ʱķ򿿽չ˵ܣĿⲻ⡣
ԸԸϣ᯳µʮֺÿ־йԵ˿ŶֲʧׯĴҹͣĺڷβ΢΢ɢϴŵǿװְҵװͶıҲȻִ󷽣һ֪˲ͨˡ
һ˵һۼ᯳µʱܻøУɹ˫˫֪ģĵһӦȻŵ΢飬ô벻ָоԴͷ
˵ӦΪ᯳·ΪǵΪ侲ˣɴĸһǰεıǩ֮ͽӵһߣ򿪻ҹ˾֮ǰ͹Ĳϣһ˵¡
˾֮ǰ͹ĺѾˣֻǻһЩ߻ҪһЩ˽⡣
ںУ˾ṩһǳ׼ļ۸֪ǣݼ۸ʱ򣬹˾Ƿǹԭڶڿֲܳ
߻飬䲻᯳ʳ⣬ЩûӦһ̧ͷ˿ӲǱﲻһ仰
Աߵ鵱Ȼ֪λүʵֻ֪Ƶһͨ㣬Թ˾ʲô˽⣬һֶûʱϸ⣬ЩżҪڰ͡
᯳²ûиԲĻᣬֻش֮󣬽ϵĺ˸ҳֿڡ
˾гԤҪнԤܶǷǰڵгģĿеĻӦڴڼͿʼ˾ȷʱܹ㹻ĹˣЩԤ㹻𣿡
֪Ŀ߳ŭΪѣֻᵽЩⱾǵͼ󣬸Ӧںг֣ûڿô©ٳͼɵķֱӾܾѾǷǳˡ
ֻЩ򵥵⣬һش𲻳һ
żʳûеõĻش᯳¸ɴϺĿ⿴˿ǰˡ
Ǹ˾̬ǲòҪĳ⡣᯳ºͣ˵Ļȴôᣬܹ˾ҲҪʱ˼ǵ̬ȣ˾ҲҪºһºıҪ
⻰˵ȻûֱҲѾһ־ܾˡ
ԱߵʱЩżͼһ£ʲô黹ǿģҪǾʲô⣬߻ǿԡ
ɻûѻ˵꣬˫˫ƺǾЩȥһسӣһЩ⻰ôĿ˵ú㿪ҹ˾һ
һСƹ˾浱ϡ
⻰˵ʵڹ޴ڳ˶û뵽˫˫ܿ˵仰˭һ¶
ƫƫ˫˫޲ΪԼĻãʱ᯳µгơ
ȴһĬ᯳֮Цվ
ȷʵֻڹ˾﹤һͨˣǺְλӦȨһһЩġ᯳¿룬ҿ뿪
㣡˫˫û뵽᯳ֱЩ
᯳¿ȻСղţнǰ˵ĻԼܾıҶ汨ʸ˾Ļӭֱϵ˾ܾ
ǸҲսȨС
˵᯳꣬ҲǹתͷԼ顣
飬Ϳ͡
ת뿪ʱӵǸ
Ӻ󣬽ͳصܾ칫ңͿ᯳ЩɢԼλϰŪԼֻûְҵЦȥЩġ
ղŻеĺҲѾµĹ
Ͱ
ˣ᯳¸ɴؽϵʽȫţһ䡣
ͷЩò׼Ĵ㣺ô
ô᯳ЦһȻ˼ƲСƹ˾ǾûʲôıҪˡ
Ժͻһй˼ҵĺȫˣǵԺҲ˾š
˲֪ǹ˾᯼ҵĹϵɾ׿һϵҹ˾Ҳʲô֮һεĿҲǻǱϸҪġ
ͻһй˼Һǹ˾ûʲô̫Ӱ죬Ȼ˫˫Ʋǣ᯳¸ɴ˳⡣
֮ҵΣǾͲҪǵˡ
ҲʲôףͷӦȻָ˵˼¡
СܣղŻǱߴ绰˵Ҫ£һ档
ܣ᯳΢΢üؽ¥
ֲʶ˾ҲûйϵͻȻԼ棬ʲô£
лҪ˵
±дĶߡ塷İղ
--
ĶкĻܲã
Įߵ欣ܵɫһСϸھܾ׼׽˼Ӧ
ƫϵԼλãִǡôԽء
ֱͱ׵죬Įг˳
֪Ϣ󣬹׶󣬴Ҫļҹ
òˣûʼͼһŵץס֡
ţ뿪ҡ
˵¹ʶں֢
ΪκĮУֻܺɫݡ
ֻ󲻽Ůɫ˿ɼĽ֮˴׾ӡ
ĹûһۣԴףͱ˸˵仰ԴףŪèҲúݺݳԴס
һԴףͻᵽճҪҪҪһֱ塣
ĳ죬ϵnΪ˺˱ߵһһ°˸˴
ûˣ

֪Įеֻղؼиӡ
#Ч׷100#

塷ٶ۵ʦɽӣȻ
嵱˶ʮ۸˽Ů۵ĵط
֪Ҵһ˽Ůͼʱһιס̸µˡ
ǸԺҽ𣿡

ΪҵȨˣԨƾһΪ֮ġ
ֻԿ˼ɣһ˼ȫڹϣǸ˭öòĴɽ
˭벻ʲô˽顣
ֱһ죬Լ̸ֶʱһСǽǡ
Сܺȴǿװ򶨣˵΢ڴ
ͻȻһ

֮˵£˭˼ŲֶβűȼԨȢ
ȴĳգĵ˽ദ
Ƶһ⣬ԨڻУ羱ϵĺۼ֡
ƫƫʱպ壬һںòã


2 
ô˵᯳»ǴӦ
ǸĿĹ˾ȻȥǢ̸ҷ᯳´ڰ칫УѽҪЩļȫͨļǩԼֺ󣬿˿ʱ䣬ͳԼֻ㡣
ֵϵųֵĸֻǮдͨ塣
ȥһǸ׷żžƬﴵȦڶˣἰҺ͹˼¡
˵ǻ͹˫˫Ͷϣ꣬ʲôҹĵ˽ᣬʲôȦոףʲôѾ˼ҳµףЩýı΢ԵС˵
µ治֪ˮЩ·ˣڵ໺˵ʲôҲӵ
᯳¿꣬ĵЦһ
ʲôͻһ꣬Ӱ߸ߵñһΪǱϵ˻ͷɻء
Ȼбʡ

ϣ᯳µԼĵط
ҿںСѵҲͨĿȵҪϲ٣ʤװ޷أҲ㹻Ͽ˵˽Ǯĺ̸һѡ
᯳߽ǰյָʾӦϳͿشȥ
ָ׳ıڸһһһվţɵö࿴ۡ
һ߽ȥŷֻ֣һˣʱڱŵɳϣʲô塣
ߵǰʱһ
Щס
΢ϴһǳɫ΢΢ڵĿӱ⿪βЩ죬¶ǿ
ţҲܹܳԷӦǸߴͦΣ̺һģ㻹ûκζ᯳¶ִܸܵӹ͸Ĺ
ֻЩסֻǶԷ
ϸĺɫ̷΢΢ЩңȴǱͦü㹻ǣȴ㹻Į˵ʱĮ֮κ
һռĮĸоôָ߸ϵ˼
˵üۼôƣʱǺÿɸ˶ԱȴǸʵƷһ㡣
һ᯳ֻۣ˵ü۾ǿԽʱͿռϵңԶ룬Щģļصһ
㡭
ɱʵĻߣ᯳ͻȻʲô򴽽˻ȥ
˼ļļֽԱߣվǰһ鿴ʲô仯Ҳ䵭ģȴϵس֣ãؽ¥
᯳֮ǰûҲĴ
˵ֻҪϢôˣͲ֪ܲؽ¥֡
Ϊ̽Ĵ֮һȻûǿļȴܹڼʱӼż׾ܴƾ̽񻰣һ仰һһ̽Ĵ𣬾Щݺ̳ǰֲκεĺô
᯳²֪ͻȻҪ澿ΪΣҲֹȥ֡
ؽ¥ڡ
˵磬Сڹ˾˻󡣡
⻰ʳЩͻȻ᯳Ťͷ֪Ϊʲôһ²Żش
ȷʵû뵽ܻС¡
Ϊؽ¥ôǶǸĿʲôȤЩȴؽ¥һת˻⡣
С㲻һ£һҪ೤ʱͻ֪ͻ֮顣
⻰һ˵᯳µ˫ֲԾܳȭǽ䱸Ŀ
־ߵ˶֪飬ô֪ģ
˶٣ǹɵؿڡ
ҵǲ֪ϲЩûиݵԡ
βֱԼ
ؽ¥·ûʱĽ䱸㣬ԼǰĿȺһڣ¡
Ǽ٣С
᯳²֪ؽ¥״ʲô⣬п˼̽ʵǾҺͻЩʲôҵܵ鷳
ֻô˵ܹ͵ͨ
ɾƾؽ¥ı£Ҫؽ¥æġ鷳ôؽ¥һѣҲڻǸӡ
ȴû뵽ؽ¥ҡҡͷ
СˣȺ˻ûǸʸ񡣡
Сһϣܡ
˵ʱؽ¥˳ùղԼڿһݺͬһŲ֪ó֧Ʊѹ棬ǰ
ҽ顣
⻰˵ƽɶ᯳˵ƽףȫײɣ˫һµɴϵľôڸǲס
ô£ҲԲ뵽ᷢչӡ
ؽ¥ӭĿ⣬ȴһ̹
Сûһ֪᯼ҵˣǻô
仰һ˵𾪵е᯳һ侲
᯳ĸ᯼˿ֵ游ֻĸһӣĸҲֻһֲ⣬᯼ҵļҵҲȫҪϵġ
᯼Ȼµ͵ۼҵǿһ㲻٣ǹ˼ǰֻСܣỹҪͽ˼ҵĻһˡ
˭֪˼ƴС㼸ǰΪʣڵĹ˫˫Ź˼СͷʵҲǸ˽Ů
ҪûЩ֪ʵ֪ͻЩ飬ʲôӦҲѲ¡
ɲ뱻ƭ֮󻹱ȫһֱݡ
ؽ¥֪᯼ҵ˲ʲô£ֻ̬ȣޱ֡
´޵ߣС汻Ǿϣ˵ҲӰ顣ؽ¥Ҫһӡ
Ϊʲôң᯳óؽ¥˼ɻǲ⡣
˵ȫǺǸҪ޸ؽ¥Ůʤɲؽ¥ô˵жһõġ
ؽ¥ûֱӿڣ棬ʾǰǷݺͬ
᯳µͷʮλ֧Ʊһߣע⵽Ƿݺͬݡ
Ϊʲô˫ٽЭ飬һ˾Ŀͬ
ؽ¥µĻڼڳиģӴĿд˵ͱĹ˾һչĿֻҪɵӶ֪ежٺô
Ŀıѡ˾棬ֻʵʣպü滹иû޵Ů
Ҫһӣֲ̫ͻأõɡ
ֻҪ֮кʱ˽ϢȥЩҲֻ뵽ҵȻ˳ڸǵʵĿġ
᯳ºܿȻ
ĿȻ᯼ȡҲ᯼ܹ˾飬ӹ˾᯳Ҳûʲôϵ
᯼ҴûﺢӵҸȡƹء
£뷨ҳﶼǹ˹صġ
ɻûǺôظؽ¥ڡ
ȻҲԸϣʱҲúһСˣСҪǺҽ飬벻õĻҵľ
òϣ仰᯳˼һ»Ծ
ؽ¥ᳶֻѣ˵Щζؽ¥Ȼ󱲷ָ߻ҹϵײ˽ࡣ
᯳ϲʲôɵԩͷʱ˵Ժͻ˶ҹ˾ҲֻΪֶζԸǲ㣬㿪û
ֻҪؽ¥飬ȲҺܴ֮᯼ҵĺô˵ܹ˳Ʊܶҵ鷳ûһͷҪ˵Ķ϶Ǽٵġ
ʱһ嶯á


3 
ӦӦ֤ȴҪƳټ졣
һؽ¥ڶһҪ̸⣬һȥ͵һڣһ᯳Ҳúúĥô˵
͵͵̸͸¶ԷϢ˵ô⣬Ҫıֱ˽֤Ƥɾͱסˡ
ȵǳţ᯳²ŷ澹ȻСꡣ
겻Ǻֻܴŵʱֻһ·վſʱ䲻ˮ˼ķ紵˸
һ룬һ·ϣ
᯳Щȣһתͷؽ¥ðԼ˻
װס
ȥ
Ӻܿ쿪˹ںϣ᯳±ܵ££ףؽ¥Լסַ󣬾Ͱȵԭλͷóֻ֪ڹĵЩʲô
ؽ¥Ҳû˵΢΢Ŀ
ЩֻĳЩǶȿźÿ᯳ȻһǲҲκȱ㣬ڳ⣬ƷһֹŸС
ʱţһͷӼϻ䣬ڵסһֲգĶһֹɡ
ֻ
ؽ¥ƺ뵽ʲôܳȭһȴǹʲôһ
ŤͷĿ⿴ǰ棬һޱӣ˭֪浽Щʲô
᯳һ㶼ûעֻ档
˵ҲɣٹĸУУ죬˵ҵУҲЩϵ
ÿһУĿĻʽϣѧУ뼸λУѴ̨ԣ᯳ѧУʱֶǰμȺˣټϳԸãȻͱȥ䵱档
ʱԽԽĻʽһЩǵøϵʦúùͨһ²С
ջظһ䣬Ӻǰʲôͻһɲ᯳ûзʶǰ㡣
ֻжͷײǰεʹûдǱʲôסЩ⣬գգۣûֻֻ˸طԼȥ
ŷؽ¥ְһ¡
Сĵ㡣ؽ¥ջ֣κڳҲôû
Ŷ᯳µͷӦֻһͷȥʦϵ
ؽ¥Ŀӣ΢΢ҡҡͷ
Ȼ˵һޱģԼܸܵΡ
Һã·ûٳʲô⣬ȵؽ͵˵ط
᯼լˣؽ¥ĳȻҲֻͣڴſڣ᯳³󣬻һС·ܵͥԺȱܿꡣ
껹ûͣ£᯳¿˿棬ûôȥͿؽ¥˳һɡƵǱߣ˳š
ȥ
ɡվһ飬һӾͰѾ˲١
᯳¾ǺͻʱҲûôܾЩİǰߵʱ̲סŤͷһۡ
ؽ¥߱Ҫϲһͷ߿ȥҲֻܿĲ
òϣؽ¥ģ˵ǲҲɺÿôӲĵطǽڷָںɫɡ棬ÿľǹƷһ
ſڵıԱ᯳ºһİ߹æѴŴ򿪣ʶȤûдչȥ
ǲʶؽ¥ɿ˵ӵҲìܵģҲûʲôǰš
ܿ죬ߵȡ
ллǵԼĵ᯳̣˵ĵ˲٣ŵ
ȴؽ¥סˡ
ؽ¥΢΢ͷҹ·š
һǾȥ֤
ͳ˵⻰ʱûע⵽䵽᯳µĶУĪ˵
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᯳µ˵ͷӦת˻ȥ
ֱţؽ¥תصԼĳϣ뿪
լ棬ʱɫѾ˯£᯳ҲûʱǣصԼС
װױ˳ַԱߵϣĺͬо޶֧Ʊϣڴַ˼飬Ȼ˴ͷ档
᯳Լһµڴϣ췢ȫԺзػ˺ü絽飬Щº̾һ
ǰһ죬ǾԲ뵽黹ӵķչ
˳ַڴͷֻͻȻһ£᯳־ٵԼǰŷؽ¥ġ
ղڿʱͽϵʽֻͣͨѺϵͳϢȴû뵽ؽ¥䲻һļ
᯳Щ⣬˸ʺŹȥ
ֺյ˻ظ
ؽ¥ҵһЩϡ
᯳¿ظһ£ȴֺܿ췴Ӧ˹һ䡣
᯳£á
ǵʱǰٰޣƱҪԱ˴㹻˽⡣
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ĵ᯳֮µ㿪ĶҲ٣û˼ʱÿһϸϸоֻֻһЩȽҪ
֮Ŀͣһ档
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˵ãһ˵᯳¾һЩйصԡ
Ƕδ֪ĺͶ԰Ե׷˵һͻеڶ׿Щʵڹпյ⣬ʣµȴҲôѱĶ
˵ĳЩŮ֮ϡ
ؽ¥Ǯб³ֺõˣҪ˵ûһһȻǲʵ飬ƫƫȴܹôûκһŮ˽΢һĽӴչʾʲôвŮɫ
ƫⷽҸˣܻӭƫҪаŶˡ
Ӣѹ˹أ˭ҪǳɹˣǺôԶ
и˵֪˭Ӵûߣˣɴͨ˵ʱסĵطĹԱֱķ
ҲǸҰĵģᵱȻҪúðסֱӾͰ·˹ڱڳһɫɲ͵ģ
ͻȻ£˾ͱؽ¥˸ϳţںɪɪ
ȻЩСȫﰵ˿Ӳ΢ʵһ㡣
᯳±ֻǸųĶӣǿЩһʱ䵹Ҳǲܡ
Ȼ˦˦ͷ˼ĶԺ
˵ףһİͻؼҵϢǱ֪ˡ


4 
ڶ糿һĿڲͣԵһ룬᯳¸Ҩһ࣬䲻ڡ
ܼ˵Ǹؼҵģ
ϵĶͣ£һ̧ͷͿ̽
үӺϷԣҲŵ濴ȻûпڣһҲڲС
᯼ҶĽǿûôԺӵĳɳҲӸ棬ֻۿ᯳Ҳ˿Խ䣬էһϢҲǻһЩ
š᯳ӭλĿ⣬˵ͷһ࣬Ժ˼ôҪؽ¥˳µ˵
ұ֤ԼҪֱſ˵Ҫؽ¥֤飬³Բ͵͵֤ö١
᯳ӦջĿ⣬װ俪ڡ
˵ѧʱ̸ǸСѴʲôʱؼǼһ
Ȼ᯳ºͻ꣬ûǻܴһЩ˿вں˭
᯳ֻû˵Է˭Ҳʣ˽µ飬ڶ᯳µǸСѵݻһ֪
ԼŮ̸ʲô⣬ֻһʱ嶯ͺͱ˽˻飬Ϊ׷ν氮ӲǳŰԼʵʵʵ᯳ʮʱ֪ԷǸڳС
Сʮ꣬и᯳С˶ٵ˽Ůһܵǰ᯳³ˡ
̲˰ıѺ˺᯳ֱ»᯼ңԼǰ֮᯳ܵ»޷رƭܵüһ㰲ġ
᯳ô˵һ¾뵽ؽ¥˵ǡ
ԭǴٹһʱ䣬һʵĻͻ̹ײҴһҳֻ֪б֮ȻͲˡ
ؽ¥ͻȻ˵Ҫ϶ҪиĽͣҲû֪ȥ굽Ǻ˭һ£ɴһ滻ⶼ˵֮ǰ˾ؽ¥
ǰһõ˵ٹһ飬᯳²Żش
Щæ⼸س
һڼᵽصĻ⣬ֻǻЩʲô᯳Լ¶˸˹ȥ
ҴҽԼ᯳꣬Ƶľȥ˹˾
˾ĹɣҪ鲢ֻ࣬ҪһСͻص칫ﴦļһ߹һ㣬ֻĵʱҲĲˡ
ֻ˿һϢ϶˵Ļ򴽣ԥƬ̣ǵ㿪˺ؽ¥ĶԻ򣬷һϢȥ

F
ڣؽ¥ڻǰ˵ǿͳսƫƫһӷΪ
һԲ´˼ɶЩ˻رѹסκС
˵Ǻ̸⣬ǵϣؽ¥һ
鿴ȥֹؽţֱͻȻһرϢʾ
ĻǾԲӦֵĴͷһ뿴˭ôûأôСؽ¥죬һ̸
˵ĿһȦ󿴼ؽ¥Լóֻ
ǵ棬ʼŪ
ؽ¥Щ˴ʱ˿ϵ鶼Ǽ˹һ㣬ƫƫ˭Ҷ죬ǻ΢سĬӡ
ãߵ˶װһ̸̬
ؽ¥Щ˵С⣬㿪᯳·Ϣ꣬ûжͻ˹ȥ
á
һȥ
ֵ˼ӣȷûյ᯳µϢŰֻĻȴûţǵ̸ݡ
ȥûʲô仯˸ܵôЩ
ؽ¥˶һ̫ʵģ߳ȥʱŲЩƮ
֣Ϊؽ¥߹꣬Ҳǵһμӣʱؽ¥ͬһϣҲʵ׼ʱ顣
ͻȻ䣬ؽ¥ڡ
ǲһᡣ
֣걻ʵ£õְҵҵѸٴӼĽҪϢ˳
ǵģ췽Ѿ뺯˹
⹫Ĵ֣ͨͬ˵ֻмٲֽ˲ʸ볡ȯƷҲǼƷĴڡ
ֻؽ¥ƺ鲢Ȥǰڹֹģ͵඼͹뺯ûֱӻؾ
ȴû뵽Ȼĵ¡
˵ҲɣĹأ뺯͹ʱ֣Ӧؽ¥ֻܾζԷȻסʱڻûüýھܾ
ؽ¥ƺЩעⳡӣ֣ҲǳʶȤؽ뺯Ʒֲݸؽ¥
͵ƷֲÿƷƬҲѡԱֳõӡ
ؽ¥ЩطƬڷĳһҳʱͻȻͣ¡
һ׼Ʒ̵ΣŵľտοȥԵڶׯԴ
ʺСˡ
ؽ¥Щ⶯󷭿˼źҲѾö⡣
ȥᡣ
֣ؽ¥ô˵ûסѣܣ֮ǰİţи
û˵꣬ؽ¥һͽ˵Ļѹ˻ȥ
ֻ֣˳ƸĿڣõģ֪ͨ˻ȡ
ȴ̲ס档
ǿʱֻƺں˭Ϣ˵Ҫȥᣬһؽ¥顣
ʵ֤ǹЩ
ȵؽ¥ϴɱķ߼۽ºüƷܼۻѾʮλ֣꿴ؽ¥ڿһ㡣
ؽ¥ǽһ侲ԳֲŮɫܰ칫һǼһԿܷĶĶǿһûУľһ㡣
ʲôǰŴһ⣬ʣµĶǸΡ
һѹļƷ⣬һʯһȥ޴Ķĺ챦ʯһȥ㹻Ϲ۵ʯСʹڡ
֣껹ŬҲûؽ¥ͻȻȤЩΡ
ɵӶ֪ؽ¥ûװĹ찮ãЩ϶Լؽ¥Ҳûղණİãʵ벻Щ׻ʲô
ˣ֣ô붼벻˭ôı£ؽ¥Ը⻨ôǮЩ
֣Լͷĺ˺þãվûס׳ŵʡ
ܡôͻȻЩ
ؽ¥ϰŪʯ֣ǿ˸
Ȼֻͷϵ
ǿ
һ仰֣ıͱ÷ǳḻ
Ҫ֪ؽ¥һͻڶңؽ¥оͳǿ
ʵ벻ηʥؽ¥˵⻰ʱôӦ
ˡؽ¥˻û飬⼸׼͸ѡúѵӸҿһۡ
֣꿴ؽ¥ΡΡڡ
Ҫʲô
ؽ¥һûиڳĿϣ赭д
ҳ


5 
ļʱ䣬᯳һ߰ؽ¥Щǰǰ˺üȫһ߻ҪӦʱʱѯʡ
һתۣ͵У졣
ؽ¥⼸æţ֮䷢Ϣ࣬һҲǰһϷġ
Źڵʱ䣬ҪȻ᯳һȥҳ
᯳µʱӦһ֮Ҳû̫ϣ򵥵ʰһԼǰһѾ׼õ·ٿʱ䣬ͳš
ʱ뿪Ļжʱ䣬ֻҲѾ٣Щӡ
ͻȻͽӵؽ¥ĵ绰
ι᯳Щ⡣
ؽ¥·ɻǱӣ΢΢ü
᯳ʣҲû룬˿Χʵʵ˵ѧУ֮ǰ˵ġ
ãҸջȥ㣬һȥؽ¥ͷϵʱ䣬Ӧһ
᯳±ܾһ£һ뵽֮ǰԼõ飬Ҳͻһ֪ˡ
Ҷϵ绰ܿҵǩĵطǩԼλϣԱ
ҴС㣬᯳¸ʱ˰ͬѧҲһѧһѧԺУǸֱֱӣҲǺѡ
᯳⻹ûȣȲĸԵĴϡ
⼸쿴ѧԺȺûˣ˭뵽˻ǸӸ磬ܸ˼Ϲϵ
᯳Ȼٴüͷƺ뵽ʲôװ俪ڣ˼ң˼λС㲻ǰЩͳ¹ȥ𣿡
ȥǸǹ˼˾ĴС㣬ǹ˫˫Ǹ˴С˽Ůˡᵽ£ﶼ˷ֱģҲ֪Щ飬ҶǶġ
ҲʲôöǻҶӣǮҲ٣滹Ҫװ⵰˺͹˫˫һ֮˵ƭ˺üŮԩͷΪǮʲôʲôǣˡ
Ȼ֪˵⻰ĵģƾնһԩͷñӻ᯳ЩЦã룬ֿڡ
칫µ׾Ͱ񣬻᲻Щ̫żˣ
ʲôżһҺ͹˼ҹ˾и˴Ūϼװˣûֱ͵סӡ
˵Ҳ֣Һ飬һȴǰôܾƺЩè塣
ûĥ⵽ǴɻǱ⣬Ļʽʽʼˡ
̨̣ϵ˽е᯳µ᯳ֺŵߵ̨ϡ
𣬼ȴֲʧ¶ȵİȹŸᣬһȺˣ᯳ҲӳŻͲͿʼ˵
º͵͸촫Ҳ˾÷˲١
˻
û뵽Ȼط᯳£һʱ䵹Щζӳ¡
ֶûʲôȤֻʱһֱæź͹˫˫Ļ£ЩѹԾһӳԼһ
ȴû뵽龹Ȼôɡ
һңһ¾뵽֮ǰԼҵĽڡ
Ȼ˵Ȼ˵ƭҲǲѵģǼжӣЩҵȫҪ䵽ϵģҪھͱ¶Լݣѱ˾СúŪͨ˸׹ӽҲΪ˱Լ
ϲ᯳Ҳ٣ȻʱҲ᯳֪¼ͥһȥ׷
ֻҲȫֻԼ⣬᯳µļͥȻܸκΰΪۡ˵ԼǲϲֻҪ㹻ǿܸԼ㹻İĶõġ
Լˣ飬˫Ҳʲô£᯳ºԼһҲûб֪ôҲܹǰ
Сžķɿ죬ô붼Լƿȫ֡
ȴû뵽ƫƫ⡣
ļ֮˽»᯳½᯳ͣѾϵʽȫڣ᯳ֲ֪סʲôطԼȥ᯳¼ᱻ˫˫֪
ڵʱ̸ĺͬΪ˫˫˵ЩǻҪȥϵͶ˹˾棬ֻһôԼǰߡ
ŭ˫˫޴ȴǷŲҺܹĺôҲֻ滹Щڡ
᯳֪ѧУʱ־ʮ죬ȴû뵽㵽̶ȣҪ֪˵ʲôӦŹ˫˫
ڸ˺ü᯳ּ£˼ȴֻ
᯳Ǽֻһʱѣ˽ôʱ䣬᯳¶Ҳûһ飬ԼֻҪҵ˵ôûһӦҲʲô⡣
ֻҪ˺ͺã֮϶ӱСģȻٴη᯳ôһϵǼҹ˾濴ȥ˵ʲôʲôҲвСƣһεĺûᣬҲܻ֪һλᡣ
ôһ룬˷ġ
᯳·Ժֵ̨һĻʽ
ɢ˸绰˵ʲô£˸кʹҴ뿪᯳¿ؽ¥ǰϢһʱ䣬ҲʹҸ徻ĵطŵؽ¥
ߵ£շϢؽ¥˵Լλã䲻˵
¡
ȥļ᯳²ö˼뵽˭ЩתͷͿʱ͸żֹĻ
ȥһμ᯳µ˵ҪΪ侲֣ʱҲǿһİһ
Һͻү֮ҲֻʶĹϵүĳƺԽˡ
ΪԼţֻΪѾϰ᯳µչˣէһİһ񣬿ԶһûʶЩ
ܾķչԼԤƺʲôһҡ
ǻҵ𣿡ڳһͰ͵ӣҲ˼֡
ǰһȥʱ򣬳ǣֵĻϸһʱǱ᯳ϴʾܾʱֻҪǮΪֻҪϰ԰顣
ʱ򿴼᯳̬ȴֻЦ
ȣƭİõռˣʱ˵Ļʲôһ
ķչ붼֪
Ҫ˵ͿϰڳһúýֻҪȡֵָ̬һʱ嶯
Ҫ˵ûһͿ˳װʲô鶼ûзӼճͼ֮
⣬᯳һʱ仹벻ʲôĴȥʱĻ
أ᯳ûֱӻش⣬Ƿһ
ƫƫĻشûЩӦ
ҡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô⣬ѾҪˣûҪͱ˵ֻ鷳᯳¿Ҳ⣬ЩȤȥֻתˡ
ûκ̶ȣҲϲǰź˿ˣ˾ǶˣûеǰѾֻǵİ˾ѾĿˡ
ֻǻȴô롣


6 
òײ᯳ּ£Ȼܾô׷Ҫ뿪һʱҲЩżȥ
ҽͣ鲻
᯳ʱڽƱ磬͵ͣתͷ
᯳Ṵŵ㳰ЩǴ˵𣿡
Ҳͣٴβ֪Ӧôش
ǣΪʲôҺúýֻͣƾԼô¾
һ°᯳¸Цˡ
󡣡᯳Ժ֮ľ룬ֻƾԼ¾Լ˿ǿʶӦñҸ
ǳˣԼʲô˵ʲôҪеӦΣ˵仰ܵߵڰ׵ġ
ûôɵԺҲûʲôıҪˡ
֪ݣϾҪͱ˽ʱ᯳ѾϵĻޣѾˣѾȥ飬Ȼٹ
ҲΪ˰鲻һеԣ֪Ȣ˻Ҫܲȥֵ棬Ϊ仰ΪԼϣȻһжԼ⡣
ҡ󿴼᯳ڵ̬ȣ˰أɻЩԸ첽ǰȥ
ٶ̫죬᯳㿪ҲǱס
ǲ˭ǰ˵ҵĻҪҷ֣Ҹطг˶ţҵҪ˭
Ϊ̫ż鿴ȥ˼ȫûӡӡ
ϲüۣʱȥҲѿ˲١
᯳һʱЩԼΪ徻طˡ
ڳ˾ûб˾ΧҲܹѹ˵ñ
ô˵ʮֲ
һ£ǻƺľҪͣϵһĴ
ҷ᯳֣»Ҳˣ֪ʲô𣡡
֪ˣŴҾҪúð˵ĸ˼һ䣡
һôʱ䣬ʲôѵҲһ鶼ûС
ž
һİڻϣ͵˵㣬Щŵؿ᯳¡
᯳¿Ŀ䡣
ҸѾûκιϵȥҲִ㣬ʱãЩ˿ôһδ޵¼һİ˵ġ
һ仰˻š
͹˫˫ԸģҲǻ飬ҲùӰ첻ֵǰ
Ҫ鱻ع⣬ţô˫˫϶Ҳ֪飬ʱֵѿܲܺ͹˫˫飬Щôͳδ֪ˡ
ҲšȴЩƫִԼһ㣬㲻ҵģǲǻǸ˽Ըҵģ˭˵˭
һķչȴԸ
Ȼ䣬һͻȻ֣ûˣԼղű᯳ȰƵǱְһȭͷ
ʹҲȸղűȶҪǿҲ٣վﶼ͵һģɵɿ᯳µ֣Ա˺üǱ˵ϡ
᯳¿ֵˣҲ⡣
ؽ¥Ӧһ·ɻ߹װʱϣϵĳҲ˼ҵĺۼʱһûת߹ȥֱ֣ǣղűץסǱ֡
һµС᯳µƤͰϸۣһץ֮󣬱кʹлûȫʧֱӾͺһƬȥЩĿġ
ֻΪȾţҲûѪɫȥһߵֲ԰ײ٣סʱܲϵı
Ǹˡؽ¥΢΢ͷЩۼɫ˲ѿ˼ֻ֣Ƕ˵ʱơ
û¡᯳ҡҡͷ
Ŀ⿴ڵЩɵĻգգۣٻЩӡ
Ҫؽ¥ʱûг֣ϵĲ죬󷢷ʲôֱ붼롣
ڵϣһֳֻŵأһֻԼǰسԴЩ˵죬˼άͣ˺һ΢ָ˵ǡ
ʶ뿪ѵ⶯ֵ˶£ߴµϣؽ¥ʱ򣬿ҪɤĻһֱǿ˻ȥǿһؽ¥Ŀг˾ȣ˵־塣
ССˡ
˵ĸؽ¥ͬͬĸ׽㣬ôһѪϵؽ¥ֻô꣬ϵûرãҲڸèһ
û֪ؽ¥ͻҵĹϵû֪֮ĶԹԹЩ˫Ĭ²־ԴȪ
ؽ¥յſ־Ŀ⣬վͷʱ䣬һ㶼ڿһݡ
˭ôҵġһڣǱҲζԻķС
ҡٴеηԶԶղŶ᯳ʱķʱѾ˲᯳£ĿЩرܿؽ¥һĻ˵
ƫƫؽ¥ӿϣ࿴һ۶ðۣ˦һ仰
Ҽӣ֪³
ֻת᯳˵ʱֺͻߡ
᯳²֪֮ĶԹҲͷתؽ¥һ뿪
ԭأؽ¥˵ЩȴҲһ仰ҷ᯳¸ؽ¥֮źع˵
Ѳɡ᯳¸ؽ¥ʶ
һ뵽ԣֿһЩ֪ʵȴֲҸղֱӳȥס
᯳һ㶼ںʱ浽׻ʲôؽ¥ߵߵʱŷؽ¥ԼЩ⡣
һ룬뵽ؽ¥Ŀģȴ־˵ùȥˡ
ҳ飬ȷʵ̫ʺڳ
ϳæŸԼϵϰȫʱ䲻ؽ¥һ
㻹ѹ
ǾøղǼ¶˵ܻ̫
᯳ֻ߳һ·ʱѾԼԳһ¾ָֻ˹ֻ̾һ
ûУֻû뵽顣
ΪЩʲôֻǵͷռôȴû뵽ܷӡ
Ҳֻھ֪˻֮ǰʱȴ±˷һֱҶֶţҲûʲô̫ܵľٶ
ȻֻҪ΢뵽һǰĳ棬ܷе¡
ؽ¥վ棬Ŀ⿴䵽ϵĺϣ룬ûʻλϣǴһߵĺ˽ҳһСҽҩ䣬򿪡
᯳»ûзӦǱ־ͱؽ¥ǣҩˮոյʱЩȻͱؽ¥ѸٵĨ
ղűһץסͬȻ֫ϵĽӴؽ¥ȴǡôò˾òʡ
ֻľٶЩͻȻ᯳ЩؿЩ˼
ҲǺأûҪ
ֱʹͲʵĸоɢķǳ죬Ѿо̫ĲʣҲǺۿȥȽ˶ѡ
ؽ¥ȴûô˵ȫϵĶûͣ£һ֮ͣһ
Ժ󲻻ûлӽ㡣
һȫԼϵģ
᯳±ٽʲôؽ¥˵ǻ֮ѸٽСҩԼתʻϣ˳
Щ̫˵
ڶ᯼լؽ¥ᳵ·˲١
ֻǸյط᯳Щ


7 
ϾСڼǰɣ󵨵Ҳô
һǺͻϲñһǱǾ;ؽ¥顣
ǰü֪ô£Ժ߾ͻΪʸ֮ġ
ڽҲѾûʲôã˼ſڣţҲֻӲͷƤˡ
᯳ЩԼҳԼ֪Ϊؽ¥³֮һֱؽ¥ߣؽ¥򿪺䣬ĴСĶʱʶҪæ
Ȼͱؽ¥
̫ˡ
֪ؽ¥Ϊμ׼ʲôԶ׼ؽ¥һ˿϶᲻꣬ùܼҽˣǿѶȫ¡
һؽ¥ֵֻռ˸ȫҲ᯳ҪҪǣּװܵΡ
һȥʱ᯼λѾڼУһĿֱ䵽˵ϡ
᯳µǷӦѸ٣ʱһȣվǰ棬ͼסؽ¥
裬⹫šǻˡ
˿һ࣬үӺϷǿȥһЩкһ°ɡ
˼ҿڣ᯳Ťͷ˿ؽ¥ȻߵԱߵɳϡ
ЩﱻԱߵĵϣӶ˼ʱΪ˶ϲ裬˭ûкȡ
Ȼǵһ᯼ңǼ˸ִ棬ؽ¥ûκξнһſڣ᯳ĻҪȻ
裬⹫š
һ˵ţؽ¥˿İмӰ˵ǰ
һεţ߱˵㱡ϣϲ
䲻ôһУססԼ
үӺϷ̬رȣ˳־ʹ򿪷ǰĺӡ
ʹǼʶ㣬Ķ֮Ҳɵþһ
óչؽ¥µŻ
ϽϲֻˣвƷ٣ؽ¥һ͵ģûм
㲻ֻ֪ӺζҲܿóֵơ
̫ˡүȻϲɻţҡҡͷ֪һƬģˣ²Ҫ˵л
Ҳ˳ִ򿪣͸Լĺ챦ʯֿؽ¥Ȼû˵үһģһ
᯼ҲЩǮ´ӵ˵Ҳȷʵûʲô⡣
ֻ±ĳЩ˶ˣΪֻǿЩǮί᯳¡
ؽ¥Ųæڡ
ֻһѣ񶼲ҪûҪ⡣
ô˵үҲ
ĿҲؽ¥ڡ
ʲôʱʶġ
᯳¼ӣһڣ裬ҲǸ˵𡭡
ȴ뻻һ۵ӣʵû㡣һˣܲһ仰˵ȫæ˵ɡ
仰һ°᯳¸ˣĿ⿴ؽ¥
Щͻ๵ͨԾʱ᯳²˵ؽ¥Ҳ֪ô˵
ǰʱ»ѧҽѧУȥһѧУ
˵ʱؽ¥Ŀ΢΢ȥ˵Ц⡣
ʡ
Ȼһôˣô֮ǰģھôżҪ飿
᯳»뿪ڰؽ¥ֱͣһ۵ӻУؽ¥ƺҲû˵˼סʾҪԼڡ
֮ǰһֱû˵֮飬һǶʱ鲻̫ȶҵĺµ鹫±˶˺һҾСЩҲҪ̫żڽЩͻȻҲ֮١
˵ңҵĶӻúͬѧ
ػ֮ǰ˵ǣ᯳һµɴ۾ؽ¥֪ΪʲôͻȻᵽһ㡣
֪ңҲ֪ؽ¥ͻȻô˵Ϊʲô
֮飬ʲôϵ
ؽ¥΢΢ƽѧУװѧһֱھ£ȷܾɸɧš
û뵽ؽ¥һſڻ˵Ϣɫһ䡣
ؽ¥˳ˮۣڡ
ҺΣ»ѧУúѧϰִ˶ӰֻһֱӴ
ֻû뵽ʲô⣬ΪԼѾڽУһԼѾδ޵ҵ£˵Щʵֵ̫Ļ
ֻܳŻûʧķ赽µ֮ǰ֤飬˵ʲôҲš
⻰Խ˵ɫԽѿһӣʲô˶
Ͷˣؽ¥һ˵˻ھ᯳£һ
ķŮǻӿһģ᯳֮ûʲô飬ֻҪһȥ˾˵ôƱػӰ쵽᯳µ
ϾЩʱὫеĴﵽŮϣ˼޹ֶĶҲ㹻һʱ䡣
ûпڵүǣ˿̵ɫҲ㲻Ϻÿ
Ǹлʲôġ˿ڲ裬΢侲һ˵ʲô
衭ֻͱˡ᯳û뵽ؽ¥ܹѹ±ӣһôʣؽ¥ûúĻش¶ڣЩżҪҹȥ
Ǹؽ¥˵Щ᯳ʱķӦײĵӡ֤ô˵
УŮѧУίһ֪£Ҫָ֪ôأ˿᯳££̾˿ܼңССطϢһ
ǣҡ᯳¶ʱЩ£˿ؽ¥ֿ˿˳ĿͶ˶ϡ
ȻǱܼ¥ϡ
¥µ̸ڼ᯳ֻ²ȥЩĵشԼķ棬ٻЩš
һСģؽ¥˵©ˡ
ش˺һŵ˷㣬˿ڣùܼҽ
֮ǰҲܻһЩʱС᯳»סϼ죬ԹܼҴĳ˵Ҳǿģ¥ʱҲ̲סڡ
СС㣬ҲСѾܿˡ
᯳̧ͷܼңҡҡͷ
̫ˣû
Ҳ֪ؽ¥˵ĹֵĻ׻жֻ֣־᯳ֻǶ˺һ㣬ֻ뿪
ֻǵȵ¥ŷ֣ؽ¥Լ֮Ĺϵһӱ׽٣үǿؽ¥Ҳŵ⡣
Ҳ֪ʱؽ¥˵ʲô飬ô⡣
һڲԷ᯳ºؽ¥ȻҪһ飬Ĳȴ᯳ϲԵģֿİǰ˭ûпᵽ᯳뿪֮ǵ׻˵Щʲô᯳ԼҲûʡ
˭Ƕˣһٷǰȡ
극ֿڡ
ǴӦˣֻ֤֮Ǵס
᯳֮ǰûһ±Щ޴롣
ǴҲʲô̵ĸ飬ǽҲûҪһ顣
ֻȻ֪ʱشЩ֧֧ᡣ
ؽ¥ѻ˹
֮ǰѧУûп¶ԼݣҵǮۿѱ鷳סڼ̫ܲ㡣
иס¸һס㹻ȫҲ㣬⹫ҪĻҲȫԡ
ؽ¥仰պô㣬ؽ¥ԾҲ˵ͬ˵ͷǴӦ
뿪ʱ᯳ȻȻҪؽ¥ȥߵӸǰܱûõ˵Ļԥһ»ǿڡ
㲻ᡭĴסһɣ


8 
ؽ¥ͷ
Ը⣿
ûش𣬾Цһ
֣֪ʲôʱһСͷŵ
ָĶ䣬Դһɪһ¡
һסڼǴ⹫춢ǣ
⻰˵᯳²뵽㣬һʱЩΡ
ؽ¥ջ֣ûϼۣ򿪳ţִȡӣݸ
͸ġ
⼸ӣ᯳һ¾ղ͸Լҳ¾Ҫܾ
ֻؽ¥̬ȣǰѶ

֪ؽ¥ǵ˵ʲô᯼ҵĳӦ˽飬Ȳİʱ䶨˵ڶ졣
ʱ䶨磬ϵʱճ᯳²ûȥ˾ǱԼȥһ̳
Լƺñѡ˺һ˼ĺɫȹϴؽ¥ʯϸ߸ЬŰ˴кͳš
ıͺã˸ȳƤְף߳ʱֱֹǴӹ͸ġ
ĳͣ᯼լſڣţڳۿ᯳߹ϳ档
üһʱװܲѹǿϧˡ
᯳û٩ݣ΢΢üҲŵ٩
æʱ˰⼸æʲôء
ⲻʻãһʣͿ
˵ˣ⼸챻Ұ谴ͷȥףһѼƷûҸĻˡ
˵ţ̲ס¿ˮ
֮ǰҴ컨׹·ȫ¾ʣôˣ󣬶ʲôġ
óҾͲ˵ˣúǶҶһſھͶĵģ˵ⲻǲãҲԼʲôӡ
еԼһ㣬˵ҼǮǼٸ򳵣ڼ̺ӣҶЦ
᯳ⷬ߿࣬Щ֡
Ŷ󣬲ĸôȥȥˡ
˸첲ֶ̫쵽˼ˡһ˵Ǹʲô˼ң˽Ůɻ˵ˣҲ֪ôյҰǰģͰǺתЩĶеĺˡ
ǲ֪ǻ˵Ŀɺˣʲô㲻ܵ󣬵Ժ˵׼ܰﵽңҰ쵣ͷ۸ɲˡ
᯳û뵽滹һͨ룺Ҫ˵ôõĻôԼܷҪ͸ˡ
ΪȻ԰ֱӰЩͷƬ¼ӸҰˣڱ˵ˣǹ˼Щ˶ˡ
ҲԣֻλСʲôö²ǸһӶĵļ
ЩŵҲôûеߣ˽˽ŮȦ涼̧ͷģ˵˼֣˽ŮСƴС㺦ͼλ¡
鱾Ӧֵ÷з½֪˼һиǿƵ̫̫ӲǰѹȥԵҲֱ˵ƴС˼Ҽ˶죬ȻҲͲ˵ʲô
ĸĸ֮ǰҲֻ˫˫Ǹ˽ŮҪȺŪûȥһ£֪ôʵİԡ
᯳΢һҲܸܵڵķŭô˵΢΢ָֻܿ
û۵ӣ⻰ɱɵ˸ǰ˵óԿ
֪֪ȻҲзִ磬뵱װίһϷءĿġ
᯳ȻΪ˵ˮ˵ô˿͹ˣĿһתͿ᯳ϴŵ
ȥ˭ġ
ʯļƷʯȥ˾̾ÿһʯܱ߱һȦСΧ𣬻ӵҲʮϲԵ̫̫׸Ե˵鶯ĸо
ƽϲμһЩЩ㲻Ҳϲһ¾Ϳһᡣ
᯳ֻ֪ƽûʲôȤ϶Լġ
᯳±Ҳ˵ԼҪ飬ԥôڱȽϺʣôһ˵һûᡣ
Ҫˣ͵ġ
̶һ仰͸һʱɴ˫ۣһŵӡ
ôҪˣ˭飿
һ᯳µĹϵãҲֻ֪ںͱ˽ȴ֪˭֪Է˭¾᯳֪ҪϢ𺳿ɲһǰġ
ˣ𡣡᯳һⷴӦòҪˣҪûһ
˵ʲôһ䣬ʲôôͻȻҪˡ
᯳£ǰ֮ǰؽ¥õ˵ǿڣ˵һ¡
ЩҲһ
Ҿ˵֮ǰѧУô˴ǲеԭ˵ҥ
˶٣Щ档
˵ҵû뵽ؽ¥մ״ʵģ⵽ʱ󿴼㣬һͷ
᯳µᣬһ䡣
ǹϵôҲ˵
֪֪סֲɵӣϵҪãҹƾҪŴȵˣ
һ˵ţץ᯳µ֣档
ò˵ؽ¥˭뿿ӣ㻹ͦģ˵;͡
ôһ˵᯳µ㶣̧֣ڣ
ǰͷͳֻϢǰ컹˸ѣֻҵǱܵģЩ˲鲻˭ɢˣû뵽Ȼؽ¥

᯳˳ùֻ㿪һŴͷβһ顣
֮Щ΢΢ס
ǰ˻ӣôˣһ˹ӡ
᯳Щ㱣˿Ӻ΢عŤͷ˵˵ƮƮ
ȥҼңЩڶҼҡ
᯼ҲʲôССЩǮó˵ʵҲʲô£Ҫһ־ͰôǮĶƮƮ͸ˣϻǺġ
ݡû뵽᯳һھȻ˵ĻˣѾʾˣôҾûˡ
ⲻԱȻãһԱȣԼϹ˫˫˼ֱǻˡ
ֻܿԴΪ᯳СͰڸ˹ȥ
ܿ죬˾͵˺̳
̳߲˹ԱֻгרڿĿͻʸ룬һһϯ֮صӳ˼۸һܹõİ֮⣬Ҳһĵ̻
˽ֱ߲רõݣ᯳´ӰóڿڸӦϡ
ʶһŹرգ˻ܿ͵طͣ
ĺڿ˶У᯳ֻ²ЩƵƷ͸ָ߶רѡȻѡеĿʽʵĳֱ͵ҡ
ԼǸܼʵѡḶ́Թ̳ԵøȰ
òϵǣַʽ˵ǲһģ᯳ԼҲһ㶼ųĻ־͹սԱߵһҵ


9 
涼Ǹֿʽİ¿ΪĿĵط߹ȥ󿴿ҿ᯳Ҳǰ
Ȼ᯳٣ĳֵͣطĹȻҲûģһ۾ܿ˹ϵãһ£һȥҾӭӹͣǰȥкǡ
С㣬λС㣬ʲôҪرܵ𣿡
᯳΢΢ҡͷλҲʶȤվԱߡ
۹ⶼߣԼĶҲ󷽳֣ͨЩʽȻ벻ǵۣǰһ̨İȫǵϡеġ
˳־ùЩؿ˿ֱžӿЧ֮Ťͷ᯳¡
ô
᯳濴˺ֵָָǸÿ㣬һɫһ¡
ԱߵĹᣬûڣóɫİ
ҿټ᯳µĲı£˼
᯳ԼѡʱҲûһԵİ£оͽԱߵĹ㡣
һ
ǹ㿴᯳ôˬ죬ȻҲġ
ϢҲ˹ʱˣǿͿ
С㣬С㣬ô˵һǲ͵ˡ
λϵ˸˾ֻһĹȻҲҪȫǵòһϳ᯳µʱ򣬶öܽгԷ
߻ںѣȴҲֻǡ
˫˫վһߣһڱȻţԭлϲ̣Ŀһת᯳ǱߵĳеǷϲþ͵Щ
Ƕܿ˵˭ҲܿǸǹӣȻ֪˵ЩʲôһҲ뵽
ȻЩʡ
ղʱ򣬿ûĴ
Ա߸һһֱСҲ棬ŤͷʱĹ˫˫ǻֹ
˭ǣôӣҪ
ȻǱ᯳ʱ˺üҲ
ǱߺǾ¿ҲòǮɣӡ
¿ļ۸ǱͨҪôЩһ˵Ҳ⣬ôͨһҪǮˡ
С˵ĻЩ˵Ϲֻǹ˫˫ͷ˦һ䡣
˭֪أ˵׼˭СˣⱲֻһΣ˻ز˱ɡ
Լҽڣл΢΢Щ̫졣
Ҫǹ˼Һͻҵ˼̫̫Ӧý̵ǸŮǿ˲ŲԸԼݣô˽ŮҲǵһֵط
ԼֻҪ˼ҳ˾ܷΪˣڿ˵ĴҪãйľðˮ
ſԼϵİȻʧɫࡣ
᯳²֪˫˫Ҳѡһͨתһͨ绰
ؽ¥ġ
ؽ¥ڰ칫ʱ䡣
᯳µҲûҺڹ֣ôˣ
ģ
ڻû°ʱ䣬ؽ¥ԼҪǰ뿪Ҳû˭ţʵʱ򣬾Ѿ֣¥ȥˡ
᯳°̳˵£ֻǻЩ֡
ʱ仹磬Ҫʲô
˾ҪҲ飬ڴ绰Ҳδ̫˵㡣
ƺ֪ʲôؽ¥ڵ绰ͷЦһʱҪͳһЩ
֤δһԶٷƺҲʲôɡ
Ǿδ޵᯳Щ̫˼տƲס΢΢졣
վߣȻԷ˵ʲôɴ᯳ڵϿͿ˵ߡ
ôһţ᯳¾͸ˣҲ֪Լؽ¥˵ʲôʹҴҹҶ˵绰
˭ĵ绰Сˡ绰ʱûڣʱǴס˻٩컯յģɱ˵ʲôٶ˵ݡ
ȥġ᯳˻ȥ˵ʲôӡղ˵ҪһԷѡ
˲۾ˣȥո𣬾ԲǶ֣ʱҳȥҲܴϹһԹҲǼ档
᯳¿һΣһʱ侹Ȼ֪˵ʲôá
̣˿ڣҲ֪вУ

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˴绰ÿĵ㡣
룬ֲһ䡣
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֮ǰʱ֣껹֪ؽ¥ôʲôԭֱ֪ؽ¥ҪϢҵ˺Ľ͡
⻹ûδϰǳ˺棬ȻиϾһ绰˹ȥ
ֻ˻û飬֣ԼҲҰѻ˵ֻ̫˵᯼С̳Ƿá
Ӵø˰᯳½˵ȫؽ¥Ǳߡ
̳ؽ¥¹˾ĲҵҲ֪˭ϰ壬֣ôһ˵Ȼ㲻᯼Сôؽ¥⣬ȴҲиǺ˲ͷĺæϵ߲еľ
Щ˿᯳ǺСźȴû뵽һ
Ҷϵ绰᯳º߰Ҳ࣬תȥ˼ҵ湺ջķᡣ
ŰڳЩƷ᯳¸һ룬䲻ͻȻһֻ֣ҪǸ˹ȥ
˼ȿеġ
дŵƣ᯳¿ֵˣȴû뵽Ϥ
˫˫
˫˫ȻҲû뵽еһ᯳£һ̽˼˺üҵ꣬װģһҵû߹ļ˵ʱ򣬶ʱû粻
Щ֮࣬Щŭ뵽֮ǰԼ᯳¸ϳ˾ʱĳ
᯳һС˾򹤵ʲôʸĿһתͿ
ҵһͻƿһ˫˫ڡ
ɣС֣İ
ﰵﶼڱ᯳¡
ԵԵСƳ᯳²Ųջֺû˹˫˫ϸղŻеЦһ¾ʧˡ
Ŀ⿴˿˫˫ԱŮЦһ
ԼҲûҪ˭ôģҪҸ˳Լ
˵Ĳ˫˫ȻЩס𣬲С㽻ѵʱҲòһ˫۲С
᯳£ָ
С˾ŰǰװԵˣɵúúòһ²УɵΪǮˣһ˿Ǵ⡣
˫˫⻰˵᯳꣬µĿ䵽ϣ΢
лѣҾãʱָˣԼ۹⣬Ÿ˽ʲôģ˵ȥˡ
仰һ°ѹ˫˫ԭ˵Ļ˻ȥ᯳£ͷˡ
᯳һۼֿ죬ְõС
дϵơ
ԲŶȿеġ
᯳֣˫˫һõƷõС
𣿡Σ˵ֻҪɵӶƷζˣ᯳¿ڣĻøɡ
黹ûй˫˫Ϊеܻ
˫˫Ǵ᯳ҪͷʱԼҲûĿ꣬ȴҪǿŸԼԲ
ǵˣҲôЩøˡ
˵ţڳһʤߵ̬Ҫȥ˴սƷ뿪
û᯳¿ڡ


10 
λСͬղģȫҴˡ
һ仰һù˫˫Ц
Աһ᯳ֱµĹô˵ϵЦޱȣӦ֮кͬ¹æ
ЩʲôСƷÿһôӣһɲ٣۱Ͳˣܼ۾ͲǸС֡
ܴɵģһ뵽õϵǮǹɾֿ˻
ҪǷƽ˫˫ôҲᱻֻûԱȾû˺᯳һ仰˵ǳȶһ
˫˫û뵽᯳ôͷЩݺݵصһۣҲΪ˺᯳Ǯ
Ǯȫûʸ᯳¶
쳣վսһ˶ܲ
ô¡
ؽ¥ǰ棬һ̤Ŀ᯳µϣֿ˿Χһ
᯳ֱµķ߹ȥ
˸ȳһԴı־ڸղŻеһӾͰһСľʹùͷ
ղŸĸҲȥǼûؽ¥϶ʶˣ˶ҪҲţССͰѸղŵ齻һ¡
Ա߸ս˵Ĺ˫˫һתͷؽ¥˫һ
һ᯳µķ߹ȥȴЩ
᯳ԼҲû뵽ؽ¥ôɣЩȵؿԺ룬һʱ侹Ȼ벻˵ʲô
ؽ¥Ļ˸壬΢΢ͷ᯳ϴŵ΢ĺ˼֣˵ʱҲղ
۸ˣ
С᯳һڷϣһС¶ѣ˵ôš
ҲСؽ¥ŤͷЩҪ뿪Ĺ˫˫ҵĵطܲ˭Ұ
£ԺûҪˡ
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˫˫һڣЩ㵣ܵתʣ˭㣬ôĿ
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Աߵؽ¥᯳µ΢΢ɫǣס֡
ʱ䲻ˣȥԷ
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λС㣬ϰ£ûзҪ˭͵Ĺء
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ת֣룬ԱߵľҲǶŸ˿ڡ
ղСҪĶȫãֱȥ塣
һط˵ɫһ±þ˲١
˭֪Ȼռ˺õķ羰Ĵ󣬿Ҳֻؽ¥
˵ôĵĶȫؽ¥ԼһƲֲԼ๤Ūģ߾ʲôģӿʼв˺棬ֻǵڣߵҲû֪ʲô
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Ҳֻĸ²żȥЩϢܾ
֣ݰ˵ĻȻ٣᯳Ķȥ壬ߵʲô˼Щ˲ö˵Ҳܲµó
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ǰߣܾؽ¥񡭡˵㣿
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Էʱؽ¥ʱʱɨ£ҲֻίίؽԼλŲԶ㡣
ճ극˸ڴҴȥ
᯳Լû̫࣬ȻҲûǲʲô쳣ǳԷ׼滹иСϢңֿŻЩ磬Ҳȥһ
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ڳӺ֣ڸʻϣ᯳²ʶҲܿóؽ¥Ӧùϵǳɵö࿴ۡ
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΢Щ
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ԼƺѾ׼ƺһ׼ûС
ͻȻؽ¥ǣס֡
էȻů侲˼֣߽ȥʱ˼
ϵʱؽ¥ǣŵʱûע⵽û뵽ؽ¥һͷҲĴһţǣȻܹȫְ
в᯳˵ÿһ¶Լȥģȴ΢ʲô̫Ӱ죬һֱڻ㱵Ĳʵкؽ¥ʱʱСлһлʵϣѾ׼Ľˡ
ǰĹԱѾ£ʮָ˰ű׼ţƬĺˡ
ֵһȺŵĽ֤͵ǵϡ
᯳º򿪣Ϳ˵ĺոĿ
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᯳ʶӣؽ¥ڣãҲ
ô˵֣Ҳֱӿڡ
ܣ˼̫̫Դ绰˵μӽ硣


11 
˼ң᯳µüͷԾ壬ܵЩС
ֻ˵Ҳû̫ϵ򴽣ûп˵ʲô
ؽ¥ĿķӦְĿǰƺ⣬֣꿪ڣܲף̸һɡ
֣ͷǳ
õĻشؽ¥ЦһǹȻûһ㳤
˵һȥô˵
ؽ¥˼֣ȻᣬҪôҲؽ¥ָӡ
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ǸĿؽ¥ѾºֻϢûйЩû׼ţȻżҪ̽ؽ¥Ŀڷ硣
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12 
һ٩᯳³׻񣬲ʱƣʱ;ʼ̣Щõغ˰벽
үӲһֱϴȤһӡ
ˣŰ½Ҳûˣ¥£
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һݹ˼Ҵ㵽ʱҺһȥҳӡ
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⡭жͷϵ亹ð˳һʱ䲻֪Ӧ
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ôˣʲôˣ


13 
ǹ˼̫̫ڹ˼ҵ˹˳ĸס
̫̫ʮ˵ҲǾһԼţҲȵ
̫̫ĳƺǸЩһĻᣬЩ˾Ǻò׾ץ˴ûһ㣬صذΧλö˳ߡ
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ճ̫̫˵ҲҪһûѪԵϵҲӦһЩ
ֻؽ¥Դ˲⣬̫̫վǰҲֻǰĿ˻ûվĴ㣬Ҳûдк˼˿ǰӦľˮҲûаմȾ
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˵ĳȫ˳ǹ˼Ǹùδͳ¹ȥĴС㡣
̫̫ŵԣû뵽ʮǰԼĶӱһͨͨŮ˸գķԺŮ˽飬Ů˶Ƥ˸֦ȴֻʣ¹˳ôһŮôĸŮ˳ۡ
Ҫǵʱ˳ĸЩܰĹ˳һЩ̫̫нһ߿Ĵ㡣
˳ǸŮҲɴ飬̫̫ûκεϧоһ
ֻԼԼԼƲϵŮƺؽ¥ôйʲô飬¾ǲ鲻Ȼǲץסᡣ
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Ҫڹ̫̫׺Ϳ߼ݺȥ֮ǰ˳ûʲôµĻԸıĻǹ˼ҵҲʮѸ١
ҲΪˣǹ̫̫ǹ˳嶼ʮڴǸᡣ


14 
֮ǰ˳Ϊһγɹļʣصػ˲ٹܹ̽ؽ¥칫ϵĹ˾ЩЩ˾治ܴʲô˵ǹ˼Ҷһġ
ԭȰռƻ̫̫ȳ棬Ź˳ƣؽ¥ǹ˼ҶҲЩգʱ˳ٳ̸顣
ʵ㹻й˳ôڣǸĿ˵Ҳ
ؽ¥һ۾ͿǵС̣ƳһۺĬ룬ûȹ˳忪˵õĲݸ壬ֱվ
ЩС˼ĺã˵Ц
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ղؽ¥͹̫̫˵ŵͣΧЩ˵ûʲôؽ¥Ǽ仰úܣЩ˼Ҳ
˳Ǳؽ¥ӣȥЦ̫̫ڳ岻ʵӣ˳˳ҲЩ뿪
úһᣬͷù˼һҹЦ

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ָоڶⱬԼԼܹԼصĺҲȡ
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ؽ¥Ҳûж˵ʲôֱӴ绰¥¹ܼңͳԵ
ܼǲ᯳֪ʲôʱѣҲóһֱС࣬ʢ˵ʱ򣬻ð
˯˿һˣҽ˵⼸Ե嵭á᯳ʱûؽ¥ƣֽӹִ࣬ƹȥιһ
᯳Ҳûʲô޵ģԺͷؽ¥ĻУιţһȥٶҲ
һȥθҲо˲٣ɫҲû֮ǰô£ԻָЩֻǻԼ
ؽ¥û֮ǰҽУֻǱʱжܻ裬Ա˳ֽڴϵż㣬Ȼȥˮ
ˣأ᯳ʱǣһ
˾мرҪļ£ȥˡ⹫ͣ¸ȰϢȥˡ
ؽ¥˺һ״ղźˮıУ浹˵ˮһ˵һִԱߵҩƿóҩƬƿУ˹
ǰҽһΣ˵㻹ûգأóԵҩǵóԡ
뵽Ҫҩ᯳µɫЩ
²һÿ춼ں͸ҩ򽻵ÿһһѵĳԣԵʱˣЩҩûаϲ
֮ǰ岻أ㲻ҩҲûʲô⣬ֻ˲٣ЩҩǶ㲻
ͷ˿ǰ뱭غɫҺ壬ֿ˿ؽ¥һֻϵҩƬɫ΢΢࣬üͷԾ
̧ͷؽ¥ʱԾʹ˵Ͱ͡
ܲҾѾöˡ
û뵽ؽ¥ʱβֵֻĶǰѹܾĻᡣ
УҽĻ
᯳һٸ⣬ؽ¥ڳ̬ȣҲûа취Ĳ鲻ԸùЩҩƬ͵ؽˮȥȫȥ˶Ǵһʹһ
ҩĿζԼɢȥ᯳ڵģȸղŻҪ˼֡
ںؽ¥ָһˮȥȻﻹЩ࣬ҲȸղҪ˲١
ˮؽ¥һֻֽӹϵıӣһֻȴ
ŵһǹէһȥͨǹ᯳¿˿ȴûǡ
ҩԿǻܵ㡣
ô˵᯳Ҳ˹İװֽͷŽ
һ룬Щ⡣
ʽǹҲ٣ζͬȴûһؽ¥ĿζǡôܸܵĹ㣬ǡúôؽҩĿζڸǵһ¾ܶˡ
ɵú
ȥģ


15 
ؽ¥ջ֣
֪
᯳µͷ
ȴû뵽ؽ¥֮㡣
ҩ࣬ҩʱٸ
С᯳¿ú˺ûһ
ؽ¥죬ɫ䣺Ҳ˵Ҳûط򡣡
Ӷʱǡýʰؽ¥˿Ӷˣк
ȳȥһˣȻչ㡣
᯳¿Ҫߣʶһ䣺ȥ
ؽ¥ԭҪߵĽŲһ仰ϣϾȻ˷Ц⣬ָָѾͰ͵İɫ
һˣܵҸط·
һҲûܲ˼һ顣
ô˵᯳Ҳ֪ʲô˼ͺԼղŶô䡣
͸õûһߵԶԶĺá
룬ؽ¥ǴЦģðۣǲ˵Ҳ˼֣˳ֳһСżǱ˹ȥ
ߡ
ֻڵһСżӹȥҲͲ岽ľ͵ڵϡ
ؽ¥Ҳջ߹ȥֻûнԼƵ˳š
ȵ뿪᯳²ź֪оԼϵճ塣
˯ûʱ˲ٺմ˺ˮ˯´Լôò
ŮӶȥԡ棬᯳ԡ˺һ˲˲٣һˬػµ˯ۡ
ɫëϷů᯳ͣãԼǰһҪǴҲڳˡ
߻طڣղûӶ£Щʰ궫֮뿪±øɾ࣬ƽûʲô
ֻǴͷ϶˺üҩռһط
ߵĵȫ֮Լֻ뿴һʱ䣬ȴû뵽һŷѾϰ˵ˡ
ߵ̽粻֪ʲôʱѾҲֻʱһµ鶼ûˡ
ˣȥ磿᯳¿䲻ؽ¥һתͿؽ¥վſڣһֻһֽһСƿӣһֻֻŰϡ
ȻǸոսš
ʱ䣬ؽ¥Ҳ֪ȥʲôطԭͰ͵·һ״ŵеļҾӷûбĻƣȫǳɫ
ų߹ŷ·Ҳë޵ģֻûϵ˯ôš
ôֻˡ᯳ϵľȲΡ
ؽ¥ǰߵǰҪ㣬ڲô졣
˵ſ˿ץŴ֡
ôһ᯳ǱץʲôѱһѸɿֻ֣ϻڳǿ
ֻǿûС
Ȼߡ
ֻˣ᯳Ҳ֪ʲôãһȦִϳһ顣
شϣؽ¥ռôֽղĴºϣ˹
᯳ʱע⵽ϲûиղ뿪ʱ˳ߵż΢΢ü
ҵżأ
ؽ¥ϵĶ˳ַڴͷԱߵϣҳ¼˦˦ݸ
û
Ȼ˼ش⣺е࣬ȥϴˡ
ش˵⣬Ҳ˵᯳ͨ򴽣ӹǸ¼ơ
Ӻؽ¥¼ƵĽ±֮ǰֵ˵㣬ֻ»ǸЩ
ȥںתʱ׷
£᯳²ٶǿൽеҩ
ֻҲ֪ʱ˵ЩʲôãĿԵĳֹΣɴʹԹԵĿǿкԷ滹һˡ
ؽ¥¼ͿӣҲ˳ԱߵļԱ
Ȼ˵ܶ๤ֵµȥЩҪģҪĿߵÿٶôЩЩƽڹ˾ʹ
ֻǽһͽӵĵ绰˵᯳²ˣҴҹһ죬ֱһ
ʱ棬ЩҲֻȫѻһ鱻֣͹ڿһ
˸æġ
᯳¿һ飬Ŀ⻹Щһᣬؽ¥
ؽ¥ʱ΢΢ͷڿЩļϲ֪ʲôطͻȻһֻʣС
ЩٶȲһҳֽ겢Ҫ೤ʱ䣬һļ󣬾ͻñÿļһҳĳЩطǩԼ֣Ȼŵһߣ֮һݡ
᯳¿ЩļľݣҲûǸ̽Ȥģܲµóڴ˾顣
š
Ŀؽ¥üϡ
ϼʱ֪ؽ¥ү׶ӵͣôκëƫƫеü۲Ϊ׿Խġ
ģ䵱ӡԼԺˡ
ֻǵӻʧȥʱļʱҽ˵ֻʶұܲ¼Щ鶼δ֪
ԹñķԼֵֻӻʲô⣬һֱ
üȥеʱЩɣԼ˵ǸʱʵھԼߵģԼ˵ģ
ؽ¥ԼҲ׼ˡ


16 
Ͼ֮ǰ֪Щ˵ǰǶʱ䣬ؽ¥˾𲽵ʱڣµĵطڽƫƧƽѹ̤ĵط
Ǹʱؽ¥ɸӰ˵һҲռݾʱ䣬ô붼ʱֵط
ǸʱڸУصѧҵǰҲлؽ¥ʶġ
Ҫ˵֮ǰûֻǡûһؽ¥༫Ƶһ˵ĻȫʮƫƫҲδ̫Щ
ĥһ벻һĽ᯳ͣ»ѹͷɻͺ棬˻ȥ
顣
˯һ죬»ûգҲһͷβ濴껹û⣬ֻǰַһߺٴֻʱ䣬ͱʱŵˡ
֪Ѿʮһ㡣
Ťͷؽ¥ղһļ֪ʲôʱѾȫˣֻ֪ڰŪʲôĶ̧ͷ
ˣ
ղźò׺Եθӿͷ᯳Ȼʱ򻹾ţ뻹ǵͷ
ؽ¥ž뿪Ҳôһ㡣
ȴû뵽ؽ¥һ뿪˼ûУվѴЩļһߵĴͷϣǸСƿӱŽ·¶˵Ŀڴ
ղ˵Һһ˯
һ仰᯳һԻûӦϵ鲻Σؽ¥Ŀڿʲôͽһ˫ʶԼǰ
˵˵ŵĲ
Ҫʲôջûأ
⻰һ˵ȥͿʼˡ
˵̫ûйӣ˵ٻ뷴˵塣
ؽ¥Լû뵽᯳»ķӦ£ʶʲô֮Щε̾һ
ջûȫˣջȥܵ㵽ա
һû޵Բ֡
ͳ˵˵ĮУ˵ٶЩĶڰһ㡣
᯳ʶԼˣ˫õûʲôűŤŤط˳ȥϴ̨ϴȥΡ
ؽ¥ѾǷޣղһҲԼһ˷Σĥĥ˺һų
ؽ¥ûܵʲôӰ죬ſӶ˸ոϴþߣûΪʲôȥôãֱӾȥϴ
ʣһɻشϣŶϺ˼롣
ڻţҲǵһ顣
֮ǰͻ棬ܵĽӴҲǣ֣ûˣУֻӰ죬Ǵϵ㾯衣
һͬһŴһ˯飬Ǵδǹ
ؽ¥֤Ҳųһֻû׼䲻ͷ˾Ҫͬ˯һ飬ûнһٻôЩ
ؽ¥ϴʱղҪϲ٣߻ں˼룬˳
ߵߣؽ¥ŽղŷŽڴСƿóһļϡ
ֹصƣڵĵƹֻߴͷϵСҹ΢΢Щ⡣
᯳¸ղϴʱԼ׼ɿؽ¥Ķʱ΢Щţɴͱ۾װ֪
û뵽۾ʹؽ¥ƿӵ΢춯ᱻ޷ŴԼһݣȻѾˡ
ķСȻҲ˯Ͱ͵ĵ˴˵˾Ŵ´࣬ǻЩʲôҲȫûпռ䡣
ؽ¥ԼҲسŵûбСûбĶйɡ
᯳Ǿʱ򣬾۾һҲ𲻳˯⣬ۣһ
СתͿؽ¥߱˫΢΢Ѿ˯˵ӡ
Ҳ֪ǵƹ⣬ؽ¥Լԭ˯ŵʱԵøЩûʱǰ㲻ýӽЩ顣
ͼмƵüۻһ˲Ļ㱣ܿȴѹĿĴתƮǸСƿϡ
ղƿûע⵽ڷڴͷϣñСҹţƿ͸ʲôһĿȻ
һ¾˺͸ղؽ¥ǿǹͬ
˵ؽ¥ǿǹȻ˵ĿǰΪֹζģҪؽ¥ʵʱ󷽷ȥģ򵽺Լʸпܾ͹ȥˡ
ƫƫؽ¥ҴŲ˵ĺġ
ؽ¥Ѿ˯ţ᯳µĵӾʹЩǸƿӾԾԾԡ
ֲǳ˯͵ǣֻ뿴ǵǴġ
Ͳʲôؽ¥Լ򲻵ġ
᯳Сؽ¥ǱŲȥؽ¥ʱͣһԼڵλúƿӵľ룬һֻ߳ţһֻ־Ҫؽ¥Ͽȥá
ϾҪõƿӵʱŵֻͻȻƽûסؽ¥ôˤȥ


17 
ôһˤʵʵڰˣһ˲˫۾ᡣ
΢һŷؽ¥֪ʲôʱѾۡ
˲Ǳ絽һѸԱߣһֻԼ죬ȴŬҪװʲô¶ûзɻء
ֻˣؽ¥ֽȫ򿪣˿Ŀģͳ
Ҷҿ
һֻֽŵֻ°ڴϳţԼ
˵񱾾ͱߴ٣һӵ·ˣֻ֮ܿľ̡
Լ䣬᯳ܹ׼ĸܵȵĺ
ľЩ棬˵Σա
᯳µĪ٣ܵסԼĺֲֻԾض˶ôͻȻ˼ֽţؽ¥Щ
ֻ˿Ҫϵǰһ룬ؽ¥ͻȻͣ
һֻ֣ϸϸ۲һ¡
ղײĵط΢΢죬۵΢Щڳ˵㣬ûƤѪ
ؽ¥һģûʲô¡
˵ţջ˸ղŰǱ֣Щ
΢Ŀ½룬ղŸܵĵطΪԣ᯳Իعؽ¥ĶղеĽĪľͱʧ䣬Ժеͷһ
ûץסѾʧ
ûɵʧһ³˱ȴ޴й᯳ؽ¥ԼղŵľٶǺˣһɽסͷԼԼƵ洫
ѵƹˣҪ˯
һΣǺܿϡͿ˯ˡ
˯ţؽ¥ȫڱﲻСذѱЩλã¶˳
᯳˯ʱʮְɣһλþͰȲҶֻǸղڱʱмͷƫƫͲ̫Щҵϡ
ؽ¥ؽЩͷһߣٶЩʲôɶ˶٣ջ֡
˸˯ţҹʱ᯳֣¹Ȼ
ߣ˯ԺֻԼǱڻ¯濾һ㣬ܵؾҪƿԼϵıӣӾһЩ
ֻĶսеһ룬ֻ쵽棬һǣͱ˵ץ
ؽ¥֪ʲôʱѾ˹ȥһְֻס᯳¸ոıǣһַֻĶͷϣߵ¶ķԡ
Ҳڲ԰зֲĺ죬üͷ֪ʲôʱЩ˲
ӣؽ¥Ҳֻ´һҵ¼һڵ£ȴʱֵһˮԱ߱š
һε¶Ȳû֮ǰߵΣա
֮ǰҽĻؽ¥һСҩƿҳһƿӣȡҩֽỺĽ
£ȳԵҩ
᯳յԺؽ¥ѵʱЩ㱣˫Щؿ˿ؽ¥ֵͷŵĶ
ôɵذҩȥһ¿ˮҲȫҲûȫѣƽָ˱ӣô˯˹ȥ
ֻһεȵȣҪƿʱôƲŬܶ˺һϵĺ˱һҲûκЧ
⺹һ˲١
Լоڸ᯳±۾֪Է˭ʶ֪ԷԼղǷûܳɹףҲ֪ĵӣһѾץסֻ֡
ܵؾͽԷַԼߣΪǳҧһڣҪһݺݵؽѵ

һҧ˿᯳Լ;ú࣬ϵһɣôֳ˯˹ȥ
ؽ¥˿ץŵֻֻµССְ΢ҧۣЩЦãʰо֡
һ˯˿硣
ʱڵĴʹֻԶ봲ǰߣ糿ӴսûдڵյãʵĿӿҲûֳơ
֮Ҳǰһ޾ûԼ
ؽ¥֪ʲôʱѾˣһ֪СһߣͰѶ£Ķͷ
ȷһûŷ
ʱ䣬ؽ¥ڣٵһҪ緹ˣùܼ͵㶫ӣ̫ࡣ
Ȼߵſڣ򿪷ţ˵仰˻
᯳Լ·ȻüӶ˲ֻһ̫˳־ʹ¹һ׼Ҿӷ˳ȥϴ˸衣
ʰԼˬˬ߳󣬹ܼҲѾ˹
лҪ˵
һԼԤգ±дĶߡ塷İղ

塷ٶ۵ʦɽӣȻ
嵱˶ʮ۸˽Ů۵ĵط
֪Ҵһ˽Ůͼʱһιס̸µˡ
ǸԺҽ𣿡

ΪҵȨˣԨƾһΪ֮ġ
ֻԿ˼ɣһ˼ȫڹϣǸ˭öòĴɽ
˭벻ʲô˽顣
ֱһ죬Լ̸ֶʱһСǽǡ
Сܺȴǿװ򶨣˵΢ڴ
ͻȻһ

֮˵£˭˼ŲֶβűȼԨȢ
ȴĳգĵ˽ദ
Ƶһ⣬ԨڻУ羱ϵĺۼ֡
ƫƫʱպ壬һںòã

ĶкĻܲã
Įߵ欣ܵɫһСϸھܾ׼׽˼Ӧ
ƫϵԼλãִǡôԽء
ֱͱ׵죬Įг˳
֪Ϣ󣬹׶󣬴Ҫļҹ
òˣûʼͼһŵץס֡
ţ뿪ҡ
˵¹ʶں֢
ΪκĮУֻܺɫݡ
ֻ󲻽Ůɫ˿ɼĽ֮˴׾ӡ
ĹûһۣԴףͱ˸˵仰ԴףŪèҲúݺݳԴס
һԴףͻᵽճҪҪҪһֱ塣
ĳ죬ϵnΪ˺˱ߵһһ°˸˴
ûˣ

֪Įеֻղؼиӡ
#Ч׷100#


18 
Сİ, һһݣǡǳȥֲܵڵ³Բ¶ķ
Ѿգ᯳»Ƕ㲻Ҫҩ, ҪԵҩһ, ʣµĻǿൽüͷ
ൽԼʱһǿζġ
һܵ˿籩ݲеС׻, 
ؽ¥ȥ, һǵݹȥ
Լҹ͵͵һȴûǹ᯳Ȼ־ͽ˹
ֻװûӵ, Ǳץ, ƾͳš
һתԼ鷿
ؽ¥ԼҲִ֪, ˽ǰһ϶Ѿ˯ͬһŴ, ᯼լûӦҲ̤롣
СĻᡣ
鷿ź, ᯳¾Ȳؽϵİװֽ̯ƽ, ϸϸع۲һҪҳ
ֻװֽȥÿȴûһǰǹйصϢ
Щ, óֻ°װֽ򿪹ͼѰҡ
һƵĽûС
һ·ĺĳ׼
ͲˣôһǹʲôôҶҲԴ
ɻû뵽ô, ĵ绰ʹ˹
Ҳ֪, ǰһҲ˺ü绰, ʱڻ˯, Ȼʹˡ
绰ͨȻҪһ
᯳֪Ѿû֮һתͷͱ˻⡣
˳£֤ϣؽ¥ȥ˼ҵ֪𣿡
էȻʵ᯳ԼЩ⣬֪ôͻȻ¡
˵ôˣ
һʣҲͰԼЩȫ˵˳
˳˵Ļ᯳˳Աߵĵ¹ؼʣҲ˲ٶ
ؽ¥μӹ̫̫֪˲٣ڳԹۿֵ˸ǲ٣һɢټٵϢҲͶ
֮ǰؽ¥ŲҸŮ˵ĻվǱ˴˳ֻ˿źĵһӦǲţг˺üΪĵطʼ
˵Щؽ¥Ѿ˵ֻؽ¥˵ǻһסЩ˵Ľڡ
ٲ˾ؽ¥ûҪ˵һƵĻԣڿڸ滰
˭ɶ˵һˣƫƫҲû˭Ϊ¾ʹյؽ¥ǰʸҲֻػؼꤡ
ţⳡдһϢڸǰ˫ۡ
ؽ¥Ϻ͹˼ֵòҲܶ˿УڳЩ˭ҿԾ˵ʲôؽ¥͹˼û
ȫûҲ΢ʣ˶һģ˵ʱ˹˳֡
Ҳ֪˭Ϳʼ
ؽ¥ϳһŭΪյϢ
Ǹվǹ˼Ѿȥ˵ĴС˳
첻ʱ䣬صĸϢѾɡ
˵ҲɣΪ̫̫ϲ˳ĸŮԶһֱûйĸŮ¶棬ЩȻ֪˼ôһλС㣬Ҳûļġ
ǼģҲ֪ڶ֮ǰ顣
ʱ˳ȥϢֵǷ꣬˼ǱҲûù˳Ƭ˲ٴʦ˵ҪϢ˸Ը˸еĽڽйصľȫٵ
֮ǰҲв˺λ˼ҴСĿ̫׵˼ˣ˭û¸ɸ˽𣬿˳ؽ¥˹ʲô֪ܹ¡
֮ǰϲʶôҪ鶼û۵ʱ򣬾Ѿüʶİ汾ˡ
Թ㷺һһ룬ŵǽһͲֱһС˵ֻ˵ľ˵ǵʵˡ
ŵЩȫʵʵڵľù˳˿϶ؽ¥ͷİ¹⣬ԲŻڼ˼˵ʱ뵽ǻٵ˳ڵкۼֵòɿ
ѳҳʲô÷վ飬ʲôСʱΪ֤˽ʲôƫƫСһ˴˽᯳ۣ֮߰ôֻʣ֡
ʲô÷ģЩ˱µʱ򶼲һ𣿡᯳뻹ûסؽ¥Ҫ÷СģҲڰˡ
ҵ˳µʱǻϸУѧҵôæ˭пҼһ˽һ˽ĹѪ·
ͷС˵̸ҪʮˣʱŶ󡣡
£˵˼ԼʲôطĹˣؽ¥ĺ


19 
Щ, ᯳¿󣬵ҲûĽЩǵԼ档
©ٳĴȥ٩ؽ¥Ե˼ûС
Щ׵Ժ᯳½ʱ仹᯼լ
ְÿ춼ὫҪļ͹, ҪʱҲϻ, Ҳû鹫˾¡
ؽ¥ԭ֮Ϳ뿪, ֻǲ֪Ϊʲô, ⼸ȴҲס᯼լ
ϳҩųȥϳԷǰͻ극ҩ
ؽ¥ڼҵʱ, үҲؽ¥, ҩͲϳԡ
Щ߰˰ССĲóףҲ͵˻͹˫˫졣
ôЩ, ᯳¶ڻǻѾûʲô, ԷԼʱ䣬˵ҲѾǹȥʽ
ȵУûֻ˼
, ȻҪؽ¥һ, ܲ㴩һ·͹ȥ
ԼƺñѡһѡһɫƵȹ
ȹǹʶʦֹģȫһ޶, ĵȹӿȥԼȴֲȱپ¸У֮ǡôĽչֳ
ѾױݣҲɢǴؽ¥һ, ŸС߳һ˲, 㹻ǡ
׼¥ʱ, ؽ¥ҲѾ׼, 
䣬ؽ¥촩ŵװҲǺɫģ߽ܷ֮װ˺ɫ֮⻹ǳǳİ·
ؽ¥װɫǺ⣬ֻû뵽װϸڷȴغȹôơ
էһȥ˵·һԵġ
ؽ¥߹ʱҲ˹ȥֱʱͣ½Ų
ܺÿͷ᯳ڵģؽ¥Ŀִϴŵϻĳؿ佱һ
ôһ䣬᯳µ鶼˲١
֣ͳӶѾ׼ã˳ֱ˳Żĵطȥ
ûã͵˻ٰĵط
͹˫˫˽ıǻҺ͹˼֮ĽϣҲܹµĵطԻľٰطǶ˹˼µһҴ¥
᯳СʱҲԷʱ¥ûڿȥôװҲԶԶûӺ
ֻڣ¥Ա޴LEDĻŻ͹˫˫˵ľ޻ɴգĲ˵ֶ˵ġ
¥ſҲΪ˻صһոµĺ̺ſӭ͵СҲġ
էһҲرˡ
˵ʱ䲢磬Ӧָ£˵طʱı;Ѿ˲١
Ͼμϲ磬ΧķΧϲ죬ڳЩϵıҲżЦ⣬ŻûпʼҸ˵Ż
᯳˳ſڵʱ򣬲سΪ˵Ľ㡣
ǰ˼ؽ¥ĳֻ֮ĸԻûиۣ˵ĺ滹ԶԶûеĥʱ䣬Ϳؽ¥һŮ˳ֳϡ
ҪŮڵĳϣؽ¥ֵʱҲǹһˣⳡֲؽ¥ĻһҲ˵ʲô
ƫƫδ˸Ů˹
᯳´Сûǰ¶Ǽ֮ĸ׻᯼ңΪ˱ҲûƬɡ
ʱڳͺĿһֱϴתҲû˭ܹϳ᯼ҵˡ
᯳Լֳ׼ʱҲ˿ң󷽷ؽ¥ûвЩ˵Ŀһһ߽
ÿһλͶԴһλ飬ÿ˵λ׼õģڳЩͱΪؽ¥᯳ֵǸطȴû뵽ţ
үӻظ˵μӻʱû˵˭ֻд᯼ң᯳ֱƵǰ棬ؽ¥ȴôߡ
һܱߵЩ˾ͻȻ
Ͼλ˭ʶСǱıͣؽ¥ֻǸİѡ
ҪĻʵʵڳǵǰҲԲõ
⵽׵ʲôĴڲؽ¥ĸԸô
ƵľʱҲػæţڳıÿһǵ֮⵱Ҳֻеͷķݣһתͷؽ¥ûƵλϣ˹ȥ
᯳ͬûʲôӡ󣬱ܵҲؽ¥ˣһûиؽ¥λƵģλǰߣҴȥ
ؽ¥̧һ۾
أҽֻġ
˵ŷԼʲôתע⵽᯳¡
᯳¿ûʱ˵ЩʲôҲֻǿһۣȻȱȱתĿ⡣
һЩΣԼվﷴǲ죬ɴͽŵĨѸˡ
ܿ죬ں̨æĹ˳֪¡
ΪܹûչֳõЧֻǻ͹˫˫ôں̨׼ţҵҲ߸æȷ̲⣬˭æţҲֻй˳΢ճʱ䣬֪¡
ؽ¥͹ֵ̫̫òǰڻȥʹӹ̫̫֪ˣԼĸ׵Ҳ˵ʲôֻǾҲΪؽ¥ӡ
ȴû뵽ˡ
ֻ֮ľ顣
ȻƹŹ˼ô꣬Ǵ·Ҳù̫̫ͬ˲У˵ؽ¥Ҫˣܵȥӭӿһһ뵽˶æţԼһ˶ؽ¥ܵؾЩ
ǾͽϢȸ
ȵ̫̫ͻЩ֪ؽ¥˵ʱ򣬻ӾҪʼˡ
ؽ¥һŮ˹˵˳ʱû⣬̫̫˵ʱֻǵؽ¥ûԼǰ棬˳һɳ
һȺǽؼϢԵس׵ס
᯳ºؽ¥Ȼ˵Ľ㣬ֻЩ˭ûиڵ״ղŵľƵ꾭ûֺãǲ
᯳֪ĿȴǰӫĻڲŵƵ
Ҳ֪˭⣬˫˫ͻ˴ʶٵ黹ڵĽʱĵƬһЩֺŪƵĵ˲Ⱦյ֡
᯳¿ⶫֻͼһֻ֣ſţǾȭͷЩӲˡ
˫˫˶ʱвʣֻ֪˻͹˫˫ʱںԼһĴǰٿЩƬֲܷƬлϴŵ·ġ
Ƭ߻иν͸˫˫ļҲǻǰװġ


20 
üһ, û뵽Լַʽ˵ľµӵдڸС
û뵽Ƥ̶ֳȣ軨׷²Ǳˡ
ô˵ôҲǸүǰװЩ, Ҳᵽֵزɡ
ֱŻ
ֻ֮, ᯳µЩ΢ҡ
һ, ûȡʲô, ҲƤһû͹
һ룬ҲҺûû͹ʲôҪȻ֪ͳĶ᲻ǴӱĹڲƭġ
䲻, ȭֱؽ¥ץס
˵αͿĺܽ, ƫƫؽ¥ʱ΢΢Ǳֿ˼֡
һŤͷ˵ľߡ
᯳¿˿ؽ¥, ЩĪ
ؽ¥˿ʱѭŵĴĻ, ֿͻȻ˷Ӳ
Щģ
᯳¶ⷴӦЩ֣̹ϵسϣȷʵе㡣
էһôش, ؽ¥ʶֵӴ˵, ŴЩ
ȴѾǼꡣ
ɻûڣ᯳¾΢̾һ
Ҹʱ򻹻ǧ, ֪ͰǮˡ
ѧУչֳļͥҲǱһҪһЩˮƽԻƽҸ᯳ֽ¸ʱ۸Ҳ̫ߡ
͸˫˫֤Ķġ
˵ʱôһĳ̬ͻȻҪôصǲԼݱ¶ˣ˺ü졣
ؽ¥ô˵֮, һס
ҲһӺת, ȸղŻҪϼ, ϵ, ԼղŲһҪʧص״̬ڸ
װĵؿǻǮȴѶԼ͸˱ˣ
ǲ֪Ǹܸɳӡ
᯳ûзϣЦһǹһĨЦ˵㳰ζ
תͷȻ֪£ʼڻӫĻϲŵƵ
֪⵽˭ģ湻޴ġ
᯳ʱҲóؽ¥˵ķǳе
ȻƵѾǳŬȾ͹˫˫ȽһԣͲ֪Ԥ㲻ʲô⣬Чžͺֲܴʡ
Ҫ淢è壬ʱ򻹻Ƶһӡ
ûڣ͹˫˫ʱ͵ˡ
Ĳ÷ƫʽ˵ĻȻҲʽģ֪ﴫԭΪ̲ס˽ЩӵĴһ¾Ĭذ
͵ʱֽһ¾Ũ
ǰߵ̨ϣһװ˾ߵ̨ϣ仰˵󣬴ŰɫװĻͳ˵ǰվ̨ϡ
̨߸Ҳһ޴ĻʱҲʹą̃Ա̨¼̨ϵĻŴĻŵıͶܹɿ
᯳¿һĻĵĻװԵģϤ
ֻ⼸ؽ¥ʱһۻڵģܾôô˳ۡ
ûסŤͷ˿ؽ¥һ¾;۾õ˾
Ȼüƣؽ¥ĳү׶ӵĶ䡣
ʱȼҪؽ¥Ļﻹл顣
˼ʱ򣬰ɰҲѾϣͻȻһ䣬;Ťͷ⿴ȥ
᯳Ҳ˳ſȥͿȥСܲĻͯǰ棬ϸһһһŻֻ꣬ŸСӵһ㡣
ľΪĹ˫˫й˳塣
˫˫ϴŵһɫĺȹϱߵ˿ͻ꿴ȥرĸӣ°ȹҲ֪жٲ㣬ԵʮֵĴ
ĴĹ˫˫ΪҸп֣Ź˳߽󣬻Ϊȹڣ·һСľͲȵˤӣֳ
᯳ֻʱĿȴߵĹ˳ϡ
֪ǿڼŮĺô˳徫ʮ㣬ȻŰڳһģ˶ܲϲá
ʱ᯳꣬ٴμȻĳϡ
һʱ䣬᯳΢Щҽ˲ˡ
ȻԸ񣬾Բס
Ź˳ڵģ᯳µ΢Щ䶯΢΢ͷ֪Щʲôɵһ̧ͷѾ˾
ؽ¥ĿһֱϣҲûһ̽Ҳʲô飬Ȼû˵ȴֿʱ䡣
˵ע£˳͹˫˫ߵ̨ϡ
˫˫ֽϵʱ򣬹˳ĳؿ
ΨһŮһҪúչԲҪ
仰᯳µĶǸЦһ㣬᯳ţһʱ侹Ȼ֪ôȥЦ
̨ϵĻҲʮϵذڳһģ˫˫ʮشӦ
ģⱲֻᰮ˫˫һˡ
˫˫û˵ֻǿʱҲ㹻˵һС
ǾλΪҪĻڡ
᯳¶ȺϷĻ᲻ʲôȤЩµع۲طؽ¥ں˵
˵֪棬׺Ͷ˽𣿡
ĻҪǷڱĸշǸеĹϻ˿ΣǶڵ᯳˵ûκɱ˾
а
Ȼ˵ֶҪҪ˲Ҳܲ㶫ֻ֮ǰӵûҪںͽ׵ԺʱǶ˼Ե˼
ؽ¥ķӦŻͻȻ£ҲͲڡ
ֻһϵľ˵Ļ̨λһʮͬʱЩ˵еڽ
׼˵Щ᯳֣µĶһͣ٣뿴ʱ˵㽩Ӳ
һǱԼ
ٸ
ʮ
ͻʱʼʱǾʮ£ƽһһʣ²١
˵ʲôͬʱЩе˽¡
ؽ¥ûƫıҪһĥ𾪸ǳʼαԡ
˲ò࣬û뵽Ȼһʱʦ
᯳֮µЩˡ
ôͻȻ˵¡
ؽ¥ʵҲǲŲæӡ
ԭЩ˶Ϊֻһ˽֪࣬ЩҪָ˵
ӭ᯳²ԵĿ⣬˵
Ҫǣȥ˶ûкôܲί
˸˹ˡ
˵⻰ؽ¥ûм˵ȥ᯳ֺ֮û˵ʲô˼
ĥؽ¥˵Ļʱ䲻һŮ˵
˵


21 
, ԴŴЧһ¾˵ע̨һ˵תƿ
ŤͷȥԭӦյſڴ֪ʲôʱ˺üŮ, ȥഺ껪, վǰǸŮһ˷, ԱߵһŮСƳǰߡ
ĳһʱ˾㵡
˼˺ͻ˸û뵽ʱ, û׼£һӵ⼸Ůö֮س̨˹
˭ֺǺǵŻɵĻʱҲӲĿ⿴Щ, ͼסǡ
˭ͷǸŮôһʾʲôЦһ, һۻ󣬡ô˭
ƫƫʱ˵ڸס, Ҫ˫˫ϻĶһͣ, ȺЩͣһ仰˵
̫̫ʱҲǷӦ˹һСߵ˸ϽȺ֮͸ȥ, һŹҲ߳, ھҪǽΧ
ŮĴֳǵ˭ָʾҪʱ¡
̫̫ϾǼ, £͸Է
ֻͷǸŮȻҲǳصģŲϵ۹̫̫
һھı۵, ǲѽ
㣡
ŮŤͷȥ, Ż, ̨һڱ;ȺĿ, ֮ŻͲ⧲ֱ˻ϡ
Ķ͸Ͳ챻Ŵл˻
һƴ˺üƵЧ
һֱӽˣûԱ߹˫˫˭ͼڡ
ǰͽˣû˵ͱҸ˽飬Ҳ֪ǰɣ
˵ţһİơ
걳ߺͼʮ˹죬צ㶼ûô
ҡȥͷԶЩе죬ǰԼֺûˣ˵˲١
ʲôңǸŮȻʲôǵģһȥǰװҸǵʱôûô֧֧ᣬ˾Ͳ˵ǰɡ
ȥŮ˺һ˻Ϊ˾Ҫͣˣȴû뵽ߵЩŮҲǰ
һһƣݺݵش˻ϡ
ԭǿӢѾİƸкطףʲôɹٵ緢ʱȫʧȥĿЦ
̨µıȻԼλ棬ӣɲ۾Ƕ䶼ȫУԼһ񣬾ʹʲôʵĹ¡
Ͼڴ֮ǰ˭õúõһתأ
̨ϵŮȻҲûЩʧͷǸŮԼİзһӡĶת̨ˡ
ǽùûʲôıΪ˸Լ
л˵ǰҽһ߳ҵĴҵҵģһװͱŮŵĶǸʱ򻨵Ǯͬʱͱ˹֤ݣ⻹ֻһ֡
ĽöǱƭڲ֪ܺߡ
⻰˵꣬ԱߵĻ;ͼҴҪϡ
˵ҪǸüҪȻҾҪϱ˵ҥˣʱץڣ
ֻƮƮһ仰ŮкһֽǰԵЩ
Ůѹвô˵֮һӣϵĶͱӵ̨£Щʼǰŵıƾվõôһϡ
Һ˵ŮתָָڿҪĻ󣬡ҸҶ췢ģٺһʱҽ̤⻰Ҫ˵˻ѣڳž¹ȫʬ
ҪҲԷģҪϾͻῪʼʵʧȥԼһУԼزסӴһ겻ôҽҩûЧ
Ҫһ𣿡
Ȼǲҵġ
ʱһŷ׵۾ѹгһ죬Ůô˵Ҳûӽ⻰˵
ڱ˵УȻѾǳˡ
ղűЩҲֲ´ıȫʰһһŵأȻôȫ
᯳ºؽ¥ߣҲ֪ʲôطҲƮš
᯳µͷһǻʶСºգܵ¼
Ҫ˵¹š
һ־У᯳뵽ղؽ¥˵ĻСС
⵽׸ʲôá
ҲҺܱûˣ˴ʱԻİϢĺ̶ԶҪ࣬Ÿ˵
ؽ¥̨ջĿ⣬ŲŲæؽ䡣
װƭ˲֪СŮԼܹס޼ɵ˶ˣЩûõôöԸ
ؽ¥ЩŲȶַͨЩŮһЩּƽϣҲ֪Լƭ֮ڶġ
ͱڳ̨ϵЩŮ
ͷǸŮ˵ʼʱ᯳ֻ´Ӧ׷ʱһ£ȷʵҲвʱ䣬̨˵ЩʵҲ
᯳ǰʲôģǸŮǰҲʲôġ
ŮȻʱ΢ЩЩҲΪ˻ЩǮǲԸίԸ±¶֮ЩͺܿϵҪΪԼ
ؽ¥Ҳܼ򵥡
ҵͷŮ᯳¾ŹһڵϣȻ˳ⲻǰ֮ɣϣܹͷҳӣһ˵·ѻʳ޷ȫеЩѡ
ؽ¥İЩŮ˳ࡣ
ֻǡ᯳ؽ¥ô˵ٻЩģĻ˻᲻Ҫǰ
Ҳô²Сؽ¥뵽һ㣬Ⱥ˱⣬ʵҲҪ군ˡ
˵ˣúܡ
Ҫ˵ҵ˲֪˭һ˵ùȥҪʲôһ֪ĻδЩ۸ʵˡ
᯳ȻҲ뵽һ㣬Żڵͷģаͬ飬ˬࡣ
ϵ鶼˼á
Щ鵫һ΢˵ǰҪһ˵еĵˡ
ֻԼ棬бľƵ޹飬Ը⿴ģҲһڶ
ô뻹бˬ
ؽ¥鲻ӣ˶٣ֽſڡ
һ֣ԺҪҲûʲô˵óĽˡ
᯳ؽ¥Ļתȴ뵽طЩϧؿڡ
ϧˣʵĳ棬Ƴȥ֮ǾͻŬ̫ƽˡ
ڳıͽ뿴ЦһպҲ̫Һ͹˼Ϊ⣬϶ҲŬϢѹ
ôʵĳҲֻһԵİˡ
ȴû뵽ؽ¥ô˵
˭˵ܷ̫ƽġ


22 
ôһ˵, ᯳Ϊ⡣
Ѳؽ¥֪Һ͹˼һôӦԣȻöԲˣ
ҡؽ¥鲻ö֪ʱô룬, Լ
ΪһиӰܱ˿, صظĳֱƽ̨, Ǹƽֱ̨ͬ
ֳ, Ȼûע⵽ֱûϣֱƽ̨Ǳֲ֪ʲôãҲûʲôΥĵط, ⳡָл, ˵кôҲûи档
ʱϹƾѾֿˡ
Ͼڴ˵, ˭ֳܾ˹ϵζĺŰأ
, ȺҲǰʯͷԼĽš
̨ϵЩһһƶŻкֶڳЩ˵Щѻαߵ˺£˵ҲĲ, , һô뿪
ֱȫ뿪Ӱ֮󣬾Ƶı٣һʮΡ
, ǺлյıֻѭţէһۿȥղŲûʲôһġ
ֻȴ΢Щ仯
˵ȻѾǲǼ, ۰Ůļҳõһ¿Ӧô, ɻҺ͹˼Ȼϵɫɺѿ, ȴҲûȽԺ˵Ĵ㡣
, ɻǿž棬ϼһѿЦݣһڣû͹˫˫΢Ϣһ״̬ټ
ҲųȥҴŶԲߣһıȴš
ûڣǱͰǣ˴յһ˽ǱȸղŻҪΪֲ١
᯳˳ҲóԼֻ΢ʱǰʮкüصıǩ
##
#˫˫ֱ#
#ֳ#
#˫˫ʷ#
#ľսʵ#
ٵȥһЩǩŻӪͨ壬²ϸܹµдʲôݡ
ˣЩӪŵҲǳ׷ӿĳԹʿֱӽˮѹ£ǰȫֱͼġ
רŽȡǶεֱ¼΢ֻҪȥܹ֪ʲô
ղųֵЩŮȻҲֻǳ뿪ô򵥣ǻֳڳ˵ʲôµͬʱǵҲѾ˽ЩתΪְ΢ͬһ΢˺ŷ˳
ͼܺջиָ¼һץһѣԳԹȺ˵ǽ뵽һ޴Ĺһ㣬ʧ˷
᯳¿ʱһ֤ݿ߻΢תѾʮߵҲѾ˺ü
žԼû뵽Լһ˳Ȼԭľ档
ػ΢ҲȫǸ·ѵ飬лм߳ѾʼPͼ칣ȥֱȤʮ㡣
᯳ˢЩݣֻѵ˼Ǹ˲ٵĻ֡
ֹһҺ͹˼ҵ˴˶Բߣֶص˻ĴУ
ԭȻһƬǢĴ֮һɹİ᯳²յı仯ֻ̧ͷּЩˡ
ȥ֮ҲһЩȻ͵ѿҲû֮ǰô۾ߵĹ˫˫ȻϻǴŵЦôǶ˵ǿջЦ˼
ǲϲ󣬶ԻĻǲ⣬ղŷҲϵڳϿȰƣôѿ
Ļ̸ʼȶԵôæż٣˾Ǻ˵ٶȾ͸˱һ㣬˽˽ָ֮ʹҴ
ǹҼһ㡣
ЩܵؽҺ͹˼ҵҲߵ̨ϡ
ֻʣһŮˣʼ߳ʱ򻹽ڹ˳һ˳ģҲֻվ̨µĽп̨ˡ
᯳µĽǶպܹҧ촽Щʵ顣
᯳֪˫˫ĸ
̫̫Ϊ˹˫˫ĴڣȴʼûʽϹŮ˵ݣ½ŮĻûй̫̫׿ϣҲûʸԹ˫˫ĸ׵ݳ˵ǰ̨϶û֮ء
˻һͷվһ飬ŻͲ˿ıͣǿ˵һЩ滰
лμҺӵĻȻ̵˴ݺҲŴҶˣᱻ׾ӵСϷƭ
һӾЩ᲻ؽ򵥶Գݺﻰһŵ˶Ǵ̬ȡ
ֻڳ˭Ĵʵϵ֤ݺͿտƾƮƮһ仰е˭ֱǲö˼ĴڣȻϸŻ˵ĻӦŷܣеֹ޷ô
ԼҲϹ־ᣬԼ̬֮󣬾ͰҸղõ˵תƻ⡣
ڽϲӣӵĵܵҲڰæ֮صΪ˼ֳ֤
˶٣ϴЦŶˣҿܻ֪ؽ¥ͬͬĸ׵ܵܡ
仰һ˵ڳıͳ᯳ºؽ¥˭⾪ȣעȻȻľתƵؽ¥ϡ
˭û뵽ؽ¥ͻһһϵ
ƫƫʹҪؽ¥Ϊǵǹ⿪ڣĴϲ£˵һ˵˵ף
᯳û뵽ںĶԲ߾Ȼ֮൹еǵĵ
˿Աߵؽ¥ǱλδԼ֮ĹϵҲûκα仯ڻ˵ʲôǰȥףĻ͵ûһ㣬ԭûκҪ˼
¸һ衣
һڣϲ𣿡
᯳²֪ؽ¥ʲôطЩҲϵЦЦ豭һڡ
㣬ҶƷԲö˵
Ȳʱؽ¥ĿһֱϣͷҲ˳ָԼһ
ϲĻҵ˶һЩؼҡ
˵ţ֪ʲôطͻȻð˼Ų̵ķԱ߹ǰͣ¡
Ȼ󽫲еһСķϡ
ȳԵ㶫ӡȷԱǽȫؽ¥΢΢ͷʾ뿪ֽЩķŲŲ̨ϵķϻ˵˾ܳԷˡ
⻰󣬵Ǽܲסȫ˺עȫϣһһ˶š
һؽ¥ô˵ЩûסһЦ˳
û뵽ؽ¥ȻôӣɫҲѿ˲٣סŭһ
ؽ¥
ؽ¥ʱǿ̧ͷ˻һۣȻȱȱջĿ⡣
ɱ飬ֻҷĶѡ
Ȼ⼸һֱؽ¥ѾϢɴؽ¥ȷϢҲǵһΡ
ٴλȻͬʱĿڴؽ¥תƵԱߵ᯳ϡ
᯳µͷһǰС⣬Ŀڸϲģ˺Ŀ⣬Ӳ˹سֺ꣬һڲ裬˲죬Ŵݲȵ̧ͷ
Ŀ˳ɨǰˣ֪һ
ôˣֳʲô𣿡
ºͺͣʱĿǫ̈ϵЩˡ
ǹ˳塣
Ȼһƽº͵ģɿǵȴûκ¶ȡ
ǳǵıһĿܣıԵΣʹвиôʱ䣬ֹٴγǵǰ


23 
˳͹̫̫֮ǰȻҲע⵽ؽ¥ߵ᯳, ⷬԣһ˲䣬麧Ȼ
ǿʲô㤵Ŀֲһ㡣
˳µʱҲֻʮ, ᯳ڵģȻǼ䵱еģȽϳЩ, ҲС, ӳ, ȴҲ㹻ˡ
ԱߵĻй˫˫᯳µʱеͬ
ͬǵϣȴ˼ֲͬԭ
᯳¿ɫջԼĿ, ԭλ, ·ʲô鶼ûһ㡣
ûʲôؽ¥ϵذ裬˭񲻺á
Ȼƽ, ϵղŵĳ˵Ͷ˵˼ˡ
һһ, ûľֵĹ˳͹̫̫ӦԾؽ¥ǰӵĻͺ޶˵ȿʼѡ
Ȼؽ¥׽Ϣڴ֮ǰһûжһ仰ƽ, ȴǰڳһ̬
߹ʱ򻹹޵ؿ˿᯳, ߵǸǰͣ񼸷֣˵ͱ˵ĸо
ķ, ôҲ֪
Էϼָ߸ϵ᯳̬΢ЩˬҲ´һ
˵Ŵȷʵʲôؽ¥վһʱȫ˻ΪǽܣɴĻ󳤵õǸؽ¥мơ
ĳಢѿ, ҲֻǴͨˮƽ, Ǵż޵鷴˿ȥ̱˼֡
ؽ¥ʱҲȫûмʱӦеķӦ, ʾʲôЦһЦһ
ſղ豭, ûҪ˼
ؽ¥ӵģЩջ𣬡ʲô̬ȣ㣡
Ľ㣬ҪҲա᯳ʱͻȻڣĿ⿴Ϻ飬ؽ¥ѻ˵
ԼӴ˻ѱʰо֣Ҳ˭뵱ԩͷ
ؽ¥Ϊʲô̬ȣӦôġ
뵽᯳¾ȻῪ˵ֻЩŭĿʲô˵ʸ𣡡
⻰˵ãһ˵ؽ¥鵱и˵Į
̫̫ʲôʸСС
һӰҭ˻ȥ
ҡ
ؽ¥۸ֻãȻĻ󣬽Ļϡ
˵ûдʲô飬Լ
֮ǰȻ֮ϵ㲻úãȴҲٱôĿû뵽һؽ¥Ȼһ̬˵ĻһԼһ㡣
ζԲϺá
͸ղŸǼҺؽ¥ĹϵȫΪԵʣڼؽ¥ǰֲκκôҳͷ
Ҳֻվߣװȫ˼ڰϡ
ССˡÿμؽ¥ʱܻ᷸𣬵ڳΣҲֻӲͷƤͼա
ֻ˵ʱĿ⻹ǲƫ᯳¡
᯳ڵģ֮ǰκӶҪÿ٣ͬԼλϣ͸ܱЩ˲һ
ôÿˡԭӦġ
ȴؽ¥еӡ
ЩԼûȫõֵ˾ô˱˵ӣͬʱЩ飬Լ᯳¹ȥѾؽ¥֪
ɵ뵽찤һȭͷ
ɾˣʱ򰲰ŵ᯳£ǲԸȻôؽ¥ˡ
ûпܣ滹أ
еĳЩ˼ѿһ㣬ֻҪôһǰͷȻû˵ⱳʲôӦһ㣬ǰˣԺȴԹԵزĳЩ顣
Խ룬Խӣƫƫʱֲܿ˵
᯳ֻºؽ¥ѹͲں뵽ʲôʱڣؽ¥ҲֻĿؿһۡ
˵ʲô¡
һ仰ûĿ֮¾Ȼرؽ¥һ뵽ؽ¥ܰڳļѵԼЩȴֲ˵ڣֻʹҧǿס
᯳ʱ򷴶˵Ȥؿ¶ʵĻЦһ
¥һؽ¥ͦ£һᣬ˭̵ôûйء
ȻƽȻǸؽ¥վһߵġ
仰˵һ˫۵ɴ󣬶Ŀʱǲš
ƫƫؽ¥ϣʱ
˭֪ء
ʲô˼Զ
᯳ĿջأЩش˸Ƿ
˰ֳ⣬ҲûʲôȤģǻǻؼҰɡ
仰˵ûüȥĻһ¾ð˳᯳ָ£ؽ¥ʦӡ
Ů˵ģҪ֪㱳ż˾Ǹֻɫ飬ǻô
⻰˵ãԭ᯳ѾʱŹһң⻰һ˵˾
ҲôҰɡ᯳·֣ͻȻ俪ڣǰǼҲͰ͵ܹҼҹ˾ҲҾܾ˺ɡ
˵ţ᯳ʱ򵹻ûǰѹ˫˫Ҳ˽
ϱҹ˾ҹ˾Сʲôù˾㵹ֱ˵ʲôɫˣϱϵȷʵ
ֲӳԸ飬˸ж
Ǿ̸ϣЩûвֹ˾⣬ֻһ˼Ĺ󸾣᯳仰˵֮ԼҲû滹ʲô顣
ǻ᯳˵⻰֮ͻȻͱɫ
᯳۽⿴˳͹̫̫Աֹ˰߹΢΢һЦؽ¥
ԭܺ˵ֻҲ˭˶ܲһţȻ̬ȣֻ˵
ӽ쿪ʼֻǼҹ˾᯼еĹ˾ҵУԺûκκıҪˡ
ڳЩ˵᯼ҵʱһͺ
Ҳʱ֪뵽ʱλȷʵ᯼ҵơ
˾֮⣬ʣµĻмֺ档
᯼͵ʼүȨʱ򣬻ŮȨʱ¶ʮֵ͵Ȼһֱ˵ֻһŮ᯼˵Ҫİȫһֱûй
˶Ϊֻеȵ᯳ĿʼֳΪ᯼ҵȨʱܹĿȴû뵽طͼˡ
֪ʲôʱѾؽ¥ˡ
һ㹻ǵĺˡ
᯳ôһڣ˲ǰһڣôȥ
᯳¿˵Ǹԭ͸ԭȴ̾ʮþˣΪûȥ죬ȴû뵽龹Ȼˡ
û뵽᯳¾Ȼô˵ôصĻ
㡭˭
ĵػ봹һ¡
ʱ˳͹̫̫ҲѾߵ̫̫˲京ᣬȥȷʵĽ
˼ֲ
㻹š
̫̫ʱĶǸȥһ᯳˵ļơ
ؽ¥ʱҲע⵽˹̫̫ĶѸվ§ס᯳µͰԼߴǡǡö˹̫̫һơ
᯳Ҳһ¿ؽ¥ĻУϲһͷƿȥǸϰ䡣
̫̫һУΪ˿ˤ˸ʺҪԱߵĹ˳Ծһѣʱʲô˵ˡ
ʦ̫̫ȴûԼıݣԼͺͱ֣üŪȷʵе㱯˵ӣҲ
ְ̺ô꣬Щ궼ʲôطΪʲôؼңǿɶļ˰
ڳ˶ʱɵ
ԭֻǼ򵥵Ҫμһѣȴû뵽ؽ¥ΪŮӳǻ·˳¶Ųȶк¼
ٺؽ¥ƺͻôϵֲǺõ֣ؽ¥ߵǵ͵е᯼ˣڵڹ̫̫ͻȻǰס
ɲһˣôڵӾ統У˵׼д߰ʮľ籾ˡ
ǾӶôôҲʱ崻
ҲǳԹϵıʱǿǼעߵĶ
᯳±ؽ¥ȥվ֮涵Ĺ̫̫Ź̫̫жĹ˳壬ʱȴһĪ
˳ָָʱվ̨޴Ĺ˫˫
Ůǻ棬ôһ˾Ҫݡ
ⷴӦ̫̫ϣЩɵֻܿͷӦ˹
ǲļ˰ǰ⣬˰ܳ£ü궼ʬ
˵˵ţ̫̫Ŀǻˡ
һϹͷû뵽Ⱳӻҵ㡭
ԭߵȥͻԵһЩټմᣬһֿĸо
һЩû̫Сһ˵ĻӦġ
᯳²ûıⷬݴŹ̫̫ǿʲôֵһ㡣
ľû˼ˣҸСʱȥˣҴСĸû棬˵ʲôйϵǸЦ𣿡
ôһ˵˵ʶ˵ĸӿš
˳ʱҲǰʲôһ˿ԡ
û˵꣬ͱ᯳һѴϡ
λ˭һˡ᯳¿ؽ¥ǣʱϲûݣһ˵᯼˾Ȳչˡ
ڳм˵ģôǲ˸ء
ܱߵ˸᯳˵ĻһȻ
ԭֲȷʱҵ֤֤һ㡣
ϾǶҲ֪㣬˼ҵҲĿã˼ҪŮôղų˵
ȵ᯳Լ˵Լ᯼˺ż͵ܳҪ˵û˭š
̫̫͹˳Ȼûʲô˼᯳¸ô˵ٶ˵ʲôؽ¥ڡ
˼ҴĻẠ̊́һ߶ɢҵҥԣһߵ˳ץ̫̫Ҫס
̫̫С᯼ڳչ³ʼκһ˶֪ʲôûα֤֤ʲôϵ
һӣ̫̫͹˳ɫˡ
ǵ˳ճµʱǻʲôܹ֤ڡ
ֵúҷз˼ҼжЩֵ飬̫̫鲡˽ܺʶһλʦ
λʦһָ˹̫̫һҩ󣬹̫̫״̬ͺ˲٣ʦ뵽˼Ĵ
˵ǹ˳ԩԩ겻ɢ긽Ķϻص˹˼ҲŻˣҪͱҪٵж
ﻹõóʲô֤
Ȼû֤ݾͲҪſڴƻƻס᯳˳ؽ¥ĻڣҸţĸ״֮Ҳûҹˣ˵ֱǶһ˵衣
᯼ƽ͵£ҲĻɫ̤ġ
˵ţ᯳תͷȥؽ¥˵
֪ҾͲˣѰ
˵᯳꣬¾ǣؽ¥ߡ
ֻ˿Ҫ߳ŵʱؽ¥᯳˵ʲôͣ˽Ų
ˡؽ¥һѵĹ̫̫͹˳壬ǰ˵Ѿץ˵ܺܵˣصףȥʣ鵽˭ڱָʹġ
⡣
仰˵꣬˾Ҳûлͷһ˳ȥ

ȥ·ϣ᯳¿ķ羰䲻ڡ
ô֪ץЩӷ
֪
ؽ¥ʣ⹫˵ġ
Щ⹫һֱڰе飬ֻЩӷ֮ǰӵ˹⣬ж̫㡣⹫Ҳҵһᣬþץǡ
ô˵᯳룬Ҳܹܡ
ղڳ˵֤ݵʱͲõó
뵽˼˸ղŵĶ᯳գգۣ̾һŤͷ
ʱҳ»ԣȻ֪ʱܻܲҲ׼
˼ֳĹ춯ֱʣλνĴʦҲġ
̫̫飬ٱνĴʦһѣȻ;øйصĶ˵㲻ֻԻ豸йصĶȫɾ֮ǰڹ˼µֽʰƬùĶҲȫȥˡ
ֹôЩ꣬˵׼˼һָƶû
ܹ֤˳ڹĶĨȥ᯳²ܸõؼԼ
лҪ˵
ǸǸ⼸Щ࣬Щ¾Ͳ̫QAQ
ŬŬ⼸ָĸƵ


24 
ͻὫ֮ǰܹЩδһ, ˼Ź
ԭղŶЩ˵ĻȺؽ¥ģȴû뵽ؽ¥һ֡
˵仰᯳ͷŴ, ۡ
Ψһ׵Ĵ, ؽ¥ү֪Щûй־, ˽һϷ
ֻǺ, ڵؽ¥ҲȻһɻ
ղź͹̫̫˵ʱȻ˶ɳƣȷʵ˳
Ժô˯˹ȥ
¶ǡô᯳ֻ, ˯ȥ, üͷ΢΢
Ȼôġ
ؽ¥ĿһֱĿ, Ҳ֪ʲô
˾ôص᯼ҡ
ӻͣµʱ, ᯳²˹ؽ¥֪ʲôطҳС̯ϣһ·ϻûܶ
᯼ҳʱլ, ֻǻʱҲڻڳ顣
һ, ᯳¾Զ׼ܹõ顣
Էʱθڴ󿪶˲ٶ
ֻ극Ǿ᯳ºؽ¥ȥ
˸ڻҵĻڳЩ飬ʱﰵ۲ˡ
⼸ʱ, ؽ¥ҲûǰĶһ˰ȥ
˵ǰ᯼ҵжˣסǱҲΪԼŴ緢ҲԼ·ʲôġ
ҲֻҪֱӹȥС
С᯳Ҳǵһ֮ǰ׼, 濴ʱ, ɵЩ
˵һۿȥʮ־޵Ĳ, סĵطҲһĿ
᯼լͲС, ؽ¥߽ŷҪһЩ
ߵĹܼͽӵϢǸսŵʱӭӶҲ뻮һ
ˡ
һ˵ܻ󣬿һȺ뻮һؿڣ᯳һʶһ
ؽ¥ǡʱطһѣܼȵվš
ˡؽ¥ԲˣԺʲôҲɢˡ
һЩӶҲʵɢæԼҪ飬ֻʣ¹ܼվǰ
᯳¸ĻϤؽ¥ԭһȦֻǻûڣ֣Щæؽؽ¥ĶС˵˼仰
ҪѰС£ൽֻ֣ܽͻȻֱȽϽҪҪؽ¥ȥС
ʲô𣿡᯳ֵ֣ʱѾע⵽ˣ˽ӣûؽ¥ھһ
ؽ¥ͷ
¾ȥɡ᯳ʱǳϵغ˵ϲֲÿйܼңûʲô¡
ؽ¥΢Щ⣬ԥһ»ǵ˵ͷ
ҾʲôʹܼңмֱӴ绰ҡ
Ȼת֣Ҵҳȥ
᯳һ˿ΧİĻ뿪˵ʲôܼҾʮʶȤشϤһߵĲá
濴ȥĿķ羰΢Щ࣬޴ķĲõǼԼЩûرװΣէһȥԳơ
涼Լõġܼƺǿ뷨ֺǺǵأ֮ǰȫڹϣʱ򶼲ҹҲûô
סˣҪʲôطĵͺá
һȦֻ֮ʣ᯳һ˽ҡ
ҵС᯼ҵһҪͲ٣ֻҲʮּԼĲãؽ¥סʱȻûİ˼ڳĲϡ
էһȥûʲô
᯳²ϲŵĵӣ˼̲סԾôȫһġ
ҪеҵķΧС
֪߳Ϸʲô٣Ϣ
Ǹ𾪴㵣˵˼ˡ
᯳¿һûģֱһ绰˹ȥ
Ҳпգ˵绰󣬾޷νӿʼֹŽһ顣
ǲ֪һοǶˣ΢һ¾ܵ˵һλǸıںЦһȫ˴Ŷ֪ʲôˡ
Ͼڴڶԣǲ벻Ǯ˼ҵĹӸʲôһ˲飬һװһߵʱʱʦ飬Ҳδš
Ҫǻ̸ֻĴ˵㻻ŮѵƵʿ˵㵹Ҳûʲôƫƫһߵһ߽Ųȶһò
˵ЩƭǮƭ˸Ĺһһ֤оɣĵʱ߸ԹȺ˼·˭˭ǼֱһĿȻ
˵ֳЩ˶ԻĶʲô뷨û
᯳Ȼ֪ϻжֻһֱûô⣬ô˵֮Щ⡣
Ǳߵڼ˵
Ǹѻڵһλأⶪ˵Ҳеˡ˼ҲǶ񶾣ŰҲˮЩ
˵˵ţҲ˷˵ҵöģҪڼҵĻȥ㣬һ鿴
᯳²ܾһԹϵΪֻȻ̫ʣҲֻܸ˵Լȥؽ¥һס顣
һ̾
漴ŰԵĺģֶǴ˼ֺġ
᯳ߵȾͷǱһȴÿԿľɫ
Ȼû̨¿ôȫҲ㹻ã᯳˳ִƵľɫ
ͥҲǵһμķ羰
ˣķ羰治һĺá̲ס̾һ˭סĵطء
˵˼仰Ҷϵ绰᯳¼й䡣
תתϤĲ᯳ֺֻصҵһСȵܼ֮¥͡
ϵǣʱؽ¥ûлֻһһѲȡ
֮ǰ˵ЩӦϲԣȳҪʲôԵģʲô͸˵ܼ߲Զ˵
ؽ¥һ
˾ʱʱЩȽϼѴ飬ȥҲûϲʱ䣬ǹʱ򻹲ġ
˵ţܼѾˡ
֮ǰؽ¥һ˶ʱʲôǶûʲô˵ģڶѾˣܻܸǰһֻŹϵ顣
᯳ȫ֪ܼʱ˼ѾƫƵʲôطֻܼҽ͵ʱ˵ͷͿʼԹԵس˶
ĳʦˮƽԲö˵ѡʳҲǾȡײĶζ̶᯳Ҳθڴ󿪡
Ȼһ˳ԷĻڹܼҿѾԾ˵įĴ
һٷ᯳㣬ɳЩĵϢһͻȻ뵽һԼԵģǳҪ顣
Ȼ˵֮ǰؽ¥ҲͬʱǸţؽ¥Ҳûʲô
ڲѾˣְ˹˯ͬһͬһŴϡ
ᷢʲôѾǳˣȻ벻
ֻ뵽£ܵػ˵㺦ߵ
лҪ˵
ңأˣ
֮¾ͻոȡÿд㣨ȭ.jpg


25 
ֻǿװ򶨵ذοԼ
ؽ¥æʱû, ˵׼زﵣôҲûʲôá
Ϊ᯳վ, ߶, ŬұתԼע
, ע⵽иƹ
򿪹žܿüĸ־, ЩܹƵ۵ľҲԵòֵһᡣ
᯳оƣֻû뵽ôֻ࣬ǿǰһѾ, ȴ⡣
˵Ⱦ, ôһȻȥ˯ʲôΪ黹Ǻ, ˯ڶҲøɸɾ
˵, ֻƽﲻôϲȾƣЩ˵˽⣬ػؿ˺һҲֲʲô
ֻܱؽ¥ڼľƶʲô, ᯳Ҳѡһƿó
һǰ, ᯳ȳŵһ
ɫľҺ͸Ĳе͵ĵƹ¿ý㣬᯳һ, ζȻ벻ĺô
һƷĻǾ־ζݳ
ֺȵĲǾƣʲôϵĴ
᯳ԭֻһȥϢֻƵζϵĺ, һûס, ͺ˲١
ԭȻʲô, ֻźǺ֪һ, ־ͷˡ
ֻûӦɱžš

ؽ¥ò״궫յҵʱ򣬹ܼѾſڡ
˵һ᯳ͨʱЩʲô̲֮סڡ
Ҷ죬֮ǰæŹˣѾˣҲÿһ·ˡ
ؽ¥䲻ܼô˵ЩԣŤͷһۡ
ܼҳû˵
ûһԷֻзһˣģ극˻ƿĺȣǲˡ
Ÿս飬Ҳö໨ʱڷϣŮ˰Ҫŵġ
⻰˵мԽأĳЩĵ˶ܻ˵̵ָζ
ֻؽ¥Թܼ֪֪ף֪ˣҲֻǵͷղ˵Ļ
Ⱦˣ
õܼҿ϶Ļظؽ¥ţװ¾ȥ
᯳ʱѾκԾ˵ĻһתһֻץžƿһֻץŲų߹ˣһ˫۾ֺûһ㡣
Щ룬Ϊ˾ƵԵ΢΢죬˿ȥѵʱҪ޶˲٣žһʮֿɿڵģ
㡭˰òϳǰ᯳֮²ڡ
ƽȾ˷⣬ŷֲԾ¶Ľ
һ㡣
ؽ¥Ӧһ᯳¾ԼվҡҡλεҪ߹
ֻЩվҡҡλΣһžҪˤ
ؽ¥ķӦ˵㣬첽ǰˤҲĻ
Сĵ㡣ؽ¥̾һתͷ˴ľƿЩͬʱƽһΡ
ƿƵĶֻͣǿڸеĺܲںһ㣬ֻ󾢾ͲһĴ
ƽҲٺȾƣЩЩǱ͵ģƿƷھƹоû࿴ۡ
û뵽ͱ᯳·óˡ
ôôࡣؽ¥ͷ
᯳һ㣬ȫûԼʱؽ¥ĻУ˵֮ҲǴһŷӦ
ġСŬ̧ͷһֻ֣ĴָʳָȻһ£Ҿͺһ㣬ԩˡ
ǰؽ¥Цˡ
һˣ
û뵽᯳ʱͲˣžҪ
㣬Ҫȥϴ衣
ֻ˵·ʱҡҡλһҪˤʱӻؽ¥Ųǰ߼žҪײԱߵĶûס¥ȥ
᯳¿ЩСҲôأŵʱܾƮƮġ
Сôʲô
ڻУ᯳Ҳ֪뵽ʲôܵ§סĲӲԼȥɵЦͷ˲
ؽ¥ǰʲôĹʥˣⷬʶò˰
ֻǿŰȱ¥
Һؽ¥Сط
ʱ᯳΢˵㣬ԹԱߵϣһ˫۾ؽ¥߶
ؽ¥˵ˮѾƣҲ˫Сӣһڿںš
תȥԡҰˮȷˮº֮󣬲ְ˹ȥ
˯¹ܼǱѾ׼÷ԡУؽ¥˾ûжܣֻ̲סעⰲȫ
÷᯳ȴûôģһͰŸϡ
ԡҲСԡһҲǴ´࣬ȻЩҲûϴһ˯š
ˮ󣬾ú˲١
ֻԼΪʲôͻҪȾûĥĥ仨˺óʱϴ衣
߳ŵʱ򣬻ڵԼղʲô
Լˣ
ϴʱؽ¥ҲѾϴ軻·ոպ˷Ϣһ̧ۣͼ
մԡг᯳µϻŵˮϵ˯ֵȹ˳˿ڹյʱ΢΢Ź⣬ؽ߸չʾ
ıͲһĺãֻƽ²֮ǰ᯼˯ʱŵĶë޵·ؽ¥Ҳǵһμô˵ӡ
ͷһ
Щڣ֪͸һˡ
ƽоֶǹܼ»ҪЩ׼ôϲ
ľϲȥȴһĥ
᯳ҲֻСԴĶɾ͸ʼĶȫһˡ
ؽ¥㿪ȴû᯳·Ƶؾͳ߹ǰͣ£̧ͷ
䲻һ䡣
Ϲ
ҪٵǵʵԼûֵջ
Ŀһǰһ¾ɾ
ؽ¥ͷ׼׽ĴƸղǰƣŵԵĲֱײ£Ϣڡ
᯳»ûиܵĴ̼Щٶ۵ĴҲֻܵӭؽ¥Ķ
Щգܵץסؽ¥·һ˫۾ôϵ޹ط˸۸
ΪԼҪ޷ʱűؽ¥Էſ
ûԹķӦؽ¥˼ֻ֣ȴֹغ˼֡
ǸղŽʱֻһյ̫ĵƣ谵ĵƹ£ĳЩ˼ںڰкУ
ɵ˴ϣ᯳º֪˵ΣյĸоŲӣԼһǡ
Ҫ˯ˡ
ֻòĻȴûôؽ¥ˣ̬ЩЦҲ˽ȥ
ʱ仹ţȻ˯
ʱؽ¥ǿƣϢһ½
ϵԡ¶õͬζ໥ںϣһʱ侹Ȼ֪˭˭ġ
Ȼ
лҪ˵
ʥڿ֣
Ĳ͸ҾɣȵĻ𣿣
Ҳwbٺ٣Ļ𣿣


26 
һΪ, Ҳ
᯳µϸۣ˵ûôܹ࣬ؽ¥ȴЩֲڡ
˴ǰֵʱûʲôо, ļ, ȴɵøĶ΢΢ս, Ҳò
᯳Щ, ؽ¥ȴαסҲܹܵĻᡣ
ò׵ؽ¥ٴηŹ΢΢Ŵ, Ͳȥ, Щܡ
һĲ˺ЩķУֻôһε·汨ˡ
û·赲, ټϸղ˼һ, ѩ׵ļǳչ¶ؽ¥Ķ£һȾϺۡ
᯳¾Լƺ˵, ȴֺԺ, жҲǱؽ¥һ롣
ƮƶһЩʵʼǵ㲻Ӧ⣬ľϸܵĿ, ڴУǺһδγ
ָо̫ǿңûס˫ץؽ¥ļ, ƺѰһ
, ǻ谵ĵƹ⿴ؽ¥, ͻȻԼǲȱӰ, Ҳ֪Ҳ֪Լûʳ
ǰǲǼ

һҹķݣ۵ȴ᯳ֻһˡ
糿ո͸ķ϶ؽ¥Ѿ˹
ǰһⳡ˶Ǹߣ˸һ˯֮Ҳ඼ָ
һŤͷʱ᯳»ڳ˯š
ֻ֮ǰʱɵģڵ˯㲻ϹɣųֽŲýסǰһżһ㡣
ϸŵı΢΢»¶ǣʱµǵۼϷԡ
ʱӦ𴲣ʰһ¾ȥ˾ֻǽ졭
ؽ¥ûа˼᯳£룬֣귢Ϣ
תͷָܼҷһ
Ϣȥֻһߣ᯳ֽϵıӾҪ
˱ͽܽӴһ༡
ȻҲĿ΢΢ƫϵһ̺ۡ
ǰһϻ谵ĵƹȻҲˣڹ߸£̺۾͸
̺۲Сϸӿȥ˵ʱǱʲô˽ȥһ㣬²֪ʲôҲ뵽ʱա
ؽ¥ûסֲκһ˰̡
Ա߹⻬ϸ۵Ƥͬ˰ȥְܷ͹ƽѾȥ˺ü꣬ܵҲѾˣ˰֤ʲôһ㡣
⶯ȻСģҲЩŵ᯳¶˶Ծϲ˲䣬С˭Ķֳ˯ȥ
ؽ¥᯳µģв֪Щʲô̾һѱӸǺúҲߡ
һ˯ʮࡣ
ؽ¥˿ʱ䣬Ỻؽ᯳ºԼֿ´ȥϴ
һˣ᯳Բһ㲻Ծͣ˴ĴʶԼҪҲ˹
һۣӵϢûɢ
ʶԼûд·
ǰһȵľȻ٣Ҳ㹻ǣѹ֮ûͨһͷѣƷʱʱҲԺиֳ
ϱ죬ӸԣÿҪѪһ㡣
ؽ¥ôһھڵ˿ʱ򣬻֧һ˯˹ȥ
ڸоˬˬӣԼ˯֮ؽ¥һ˰һ
Աߵλûдŵ¶ȣ죬Ȼ£ɱĿ¶Ȳȱģţܾе⡣
ֻܱűŲͷϡ
òװѷʲôؽ¥ҲѾϴϣϴּ߳ʱ̹Ȼ
ûֱߵߣǹ˸䵽˷ſڣƺţؽ¥ѹ˵ʲôֽӹֹų߹
·ˣùܼһµĹ
ⲻ˵ãһ˵ؽ¥˺·ʱĸɴ䣬ִù·ʱ򻹲һۡ
Ҳ֪ʲôзִ磬һúõ·ô˺ˡ
ֻΪĶݺؽ¥оСèצвһ㣬ɱȴɰ
ؽ¥֪ŲöŪ̫·ݸ֮Ҳûжתߵ˸绰
ƺ˵˾顣
᯳һҹʱЩҲڵõĵزƽ·Ϻ˴
ȥϴּϴ
ϴʱžԼɫ󣬵ָ״̬µһ
˶֪ǰһϿ϶ûʲô¡
᯳һ¾;Բš
ûƤ񵽿߼һ۾Ϳôµĳ̶ȡ
ϳ鲻Ծ֮⻹ãֻͷһϣĺۼϵ£ֱﶼԸŹ
۵ֻۣǿŻǡ
ˣڸ
Ҳùܼ͹˯ë޵ĳ䣬ЩǵĺۼôһڸҲױ˷֡
ֻûע⵽ϵĺۼͬ٣˯ۻûڵסЩط
Լʰ߳ؽ¥ҲպùҶϵ绰һ¥ȥ
˯ʱʱ䣬óͣͺӶæţ˰Ӷ˽õĲȶ
಻٣ֻǿζϵͳһ嵭ڵģڲ̫ʺϳؿڵģոպʡ
Ҳ֪ؽ¥߹ܼҵģǹܼԼĦġ
һԶؽ¥ʱʱһԶһϲԵĶ᯳ҪúòӪʱ򣬶ؽ¥Ҳȫ̽ա
ڿУؽ¥űʼǱԿȥһػڴ᯳Ƴ۾ûκȤ˸Ƿ̱ɳ棬ֻš
ʱϵЩԷﻹû
֪ǻһǹ˼ڷϷĲԾæ˴ֻȻûʲô顣
ҵǻ˴ǮѸȥȻͿʼֲۡ
漰һλĹؼֻҪ΢ͷȥ˲ˮˢݣĽҲʲôõĶ
Щʵûͨɾ΢ˮڵ¸ۣҪԼѷͷᡣ
ЦˮæǰææͷǣȻܴ΢һȫ޹صĻɴƬ΢ˢۡ
ֱӳ˸Ц
ǺױϢסĿ⣬˵ֻҪе飬ǵ鳬죬̻ȶȣҲʡ²٣ɧѵ淴ɾˡ
ؼʷ΢ǾͽͼͼƬȻг棬ʵڲлôţǵЩȻˣɻ赲סǵļ˼档
һ͵ʴףѵǮȥñ˶˷С
᯳泩˲١


27 
ѵȻֹڴ, ߵֻûп꣬ͿѾĻֳƵƵվҳš
ȶĻʮħԵİػظ, ȥ
Ҳ˲Ƶӹ, ֡
᯳¶ԴȻ, һֺǺǵظĵ, ˵ĵĵطûסЦ
ؽ¥һ룬Ťͷŷ֪ʲôʱѾԼųһ, ԭȷԱߵСҲڻ, С̺ӰԼ
ȥǸԲһ㡣
ٹһͷʱ᯳¾Ѿô˯ˡ
Ȳů, ˯Ʋô, Ҫչ־ЩЩͰ͡
ؽ¥Ҳֻε̾һ, Ժ, վߵǰ΢΢׾پͰ
ֱ˺ʵ͵ıӺ̾Ϣһ, Ѹٹ˱С
һ춼ţľûгȥ
ؽ¥ûкһЪϢ˯˺֪ؽ¥תأȥ鷿칫, ʱҲûг
ԼɴҲͳԼĵ, 洦˾顣
ڻĻϹ˵Լǻҵ, һʱȥ, ҲøַʽȥǼ١
׼ʵʱҲ˿⣬󷽷
Ҳζ᯳ºܿҪʽؽܲ棬ͷϵĹ
ļϲȨˣܲʱ仹ûж£ڹ˾ͷϵЩҲǵ洦С
ڼУÿĻҲ㲻
ھǰᵽؽ¥Ҳճһ鷿ڵĶЩտյҲҵпǰΡ
鷿ؽ¥鷿Աߣ鷿лһС໥ӣƽǹŵġ
鿪ʼʣʱ䣬᯳¸ɴȥһ·õԵλãǰ棬һˮͿʼᡣ
һЩ˾ճ㱨֮⣬ʣµĻ֮ǰڻ˵Ļ顣
֮ǰ˾ڲҲصķֻǵȵ᯳׿˵֮²İ϶һʱ䣬Ҳ㹻Ӧ
᯼˾ҲѾõʾ⣬ǱȫյУ߲ͻҺҲ̫ãʵҲ㲻϶ôء
Ǵǰͻұûʲô̫ϵһѾЩ˷ĽҲǶԹ˾ûʲôӰ졣
ټǳ񵽵׷ʲô£Ѿķз֪˶֪ǸͷѵˣҲʱ᯳ָ¡
˾߲ȻҲôҪ˭ģȴҲûʲôӰ졣
ôǸʽϸһЩ³̡
ЩѾⶨãҲ߸᯳̣¶ԴûʲôЩô
ֻڶȥ˾ʽļǩ֡
ᣬ⼸ûȥ˾ֻÿĶһû£˸ղѾõ⻹ʣһ㡣
ѶʱҲˡ
յڵǸ磬Ҳ㣬ѾҲ쵽˷㣬ɴ˵ȤĶʼš
ſţҲӲҵЩ顣
ǻҵˮһֻץؼȻ۳һѴ룬ѧ˻ˮ
ʼڸϴصʱؽ¥
õ޷ѪŨˮô˵ҷؽ¥Ҳ׽ܣôСìܣҲȣӲŻѡ
֮ǰؽ¥ͻҺ鶼ܹһǺܿЦ
˵ʲôؽ¥ȥǲкӵټ׽ڣ;֮ĲƲȫԼĺӡ
ûнҲΪ⣬ܣҲܵӰ죬װİˡ
֪ĸðνʦͷͷǵķ
ЦĴžˣЩ˻ﰵ˵¡
˵ҲǰߵҥԣԲÿཿ˵Сĳƽϣؽ¥ûзֻΪãָô
ˮʴʣҪȶã᯳¾ͻᱻؽ¥ɨسųΪ˵Ц
мָ߸ϵĸо᯳¿˶ֻüͷ
ֻЩʵǹֳЩͿ֣˭˭˶ۣڻŵЩˮ֮Ҳֻʣ˿֡
Ȼ顣
Ͼĳ̶˵ܲӵԼ⣬ǵؽ¥ݵλ˭ֹ˵˿Ц米࿴㿿׵ҽִҽѧ
ʲôѼҵĺӣͻϾ˶ʮ꣬磬ҲֻȻô꣬⴫˵úʱĻǸСһ㡣
ȥǻЩǽżʲô۶˵Լ
᯳ȻȥЩţ뵽˱¡
ؽ¥ĹϵڻϾѾ˳ڻͷĥһ£ϵõĳһ⣬ĸĸ
Щؽ¥ϵ׷ʲô顣
ȵ˳극ɫͳװߵŵƣ⿴ֱĸо
᯳վڿشǰһ¥صңڴԡ棬¶ǡõˮһ칤ƣУˮصؼľɢŵζ
òˡ
ϴ裬᯳»˯߳ΪѬƽ˼ֺڴϣ˳·еƽ塣
졣
еû˵˺һ֮ͨһתͻȻһ¡
ǧС㣬ʱʱΪ˺ٰһЩС͵ᣬͬһ档
֮ǰ᯳һֱûй˵ԼݣҲȤݹ󣬱СǶ̫ϤҲǻġ
ùһСŪ˸軰ᣬʹȥμһ¡
ֺ֣ȻҲУ᯳һȥ
˳˽Щ˵˵˲ٸЩصİԣһЩϸС飬Ҳܿó˭ʲôԸ
᯳ûϴӦǿ˿Լг̡
Ҫȥ˾棬һЩСС鴦ҲҪһʱ䣬Ǻȷʵûʲô顣
ҪȥĻҲԡ
ʹӦ
ȻҪԭҲᵽжô֣ǡ
˫˫ʱҲ
ǵ˶ʮ˽ŮҪñ˵ϿɣԴӱ̫̫ʽ֮ͿʼҪٴЩСĽȦС
ܲμӵȻÿһҲǾĴ󵨱֣ΪȺͻǸˡ
᯳ֻû뵽ǰԼֳôЦתͷ˫˫ܲμᡣ
Ǻ˫˫ʲô


28 
ǿǵҪȥ˾, ؽ¥ǷŹ̤̤ʵʵ˯˸þ
빫˾᯼լ˵΢һ㣬᯳ÿԳû˯һ
ֻؽ¥˵ɵú, ˾ֱ, ڱ, ҲϴµĶ
¥һ, ᯳¿ֻϵʱ䣬˸ǷƵ
ϴʱžӣŷԼϻĲݮӡ
û뵽ؽ¥ﵹ, ۼһ춼ȥ˼
ǸǶȻĵ, Լһȫû취ûױƷڸ
ұˡܾøòڡ
Ҳʱ¶ȲߣŴ·һЩ, ҲʹԼ¹ѡ˼ëºȳ㡣
ëµһЩȵĴ, õܹ֮࣬΢ڵסЩۼ
¥ʱؽ¥Ѿڲ, ǰѾһС, һߺţһ߿ǰߵڲŵĲƾš
ȥֻһͨͨ࣬ƫƫĶӲ˵, ֪ԶԶȥƻΪʲô߼
߹ȥؽ¥ߣҲҪһ࣬ʱ仹磬һ߳һ߿š
òҺ͹˼йصϡ
Ļԭ˵һҵ, ֻôһ֮ͨ, ͳ˸Ϣ
СһЩûô, ɹ˼ҹ˾ĹƱһ·µ, ֵһ¾ˮķ֮һ
˼ʧǮͨ˵Ҳһˡ
ĵ״ӦҪһɼۿɾĻһ·µûֹ
̫̫͹˳⼸ɵͷŸôƴ벻Ҫʧ
ؽ¥úһֽ࣬˲죬ֺ˿ˮζͻȻڡ
ӣΪĻҪûá
᯳һ˵⻰֪°˳ɸйϵŤͷʲô
ûʲôؽ¥ƽֻ˳Ǽ͸˵ȥѣҪ涯֣ǾͲˡ
ԭҲֻȸǳԵͷΪθСˣû뵽һжûĿʼ߾ѾôӰ졣
Ҫ˺ҪʰǣʱľͲֻǹ˼ҹ˾ɼµϢˡ
᯳ô˵Ҳû׷ʵ׵¡
˼˵ùʧ˵ҲǸϢ鶼ϲ١
ͳ꣬˾ͳȥ˾
Ҳ֪ؽ¥ôģŵʱͬһں֣겻֪ʲôʱģڳӵĸʻŹȥ·ϵʱ䣬ؽ¥㱨顣
᯳û뵽ؽ¥Ѿæʱ䶼飬ֻǶ֣˵ЩҲʵ᲻Ȥ
Ѿ飬Ҳû°ؽ¥ȥ˾Щһͱܾͷ顣
ɴֻ档
϶˵ȤĶ￴ţǱҪʲôʲôһëǮϵûС
һ͵˹˾
빫˾涨ϰʱ仹аСʱʱ˾滹ûмˣȥЩյ
ֻʱΪļ˸ƼʲôȤĶһ㣬һվڲԱ⿴
ǿʲôء᯳˳ǵĿ⿴ȥҲֻܿؽ¥뿪ıӰЩĪ˳һ
ЩԱеֻ꣬еľ͸ͬˣ֮ٶø׽һЩټԸ񲻴ȻмҲûʲôϰһȵļӡ
ƽڹ˾رʽĳ⣬ЩദҲ졣
Щ˱᯳µץЩ飬һ£΢Щεش
ûʲôûʲô
ֻǺˣõһ𰸲㣬еԥһ£̽ſڡ
СܣղϵǲϹ
ĻЩͨ˵ȻûʸֳֻҿͷĲڸٷͣҲ֪浽׷ʲô顣
ܻԻעǳ᯳֪᯼֮⣬ȻҲ᯳֪ºؽ¥Ѿ˵Ϣ
᯳ʱĳӵĳƺرƯ˭֪⳵ؽ¥ġ
ǿ³ʱӺϺŸ˵ʱ򣬲ؽ¥ҲΪ档
᯳¿˿дļԱû뵽ͦãҲ͵ͷ󷽷
˾֤ķ޹ϵؽ¥˳·ֲʲôù£ȻûҪ
õ֤֮⼸ĬŶһȻߴߴ
˵޷һЩףĻ
ˡ᯳¸Ҫƪ۲ʺƨ֮ǰסǣɢˣó͵ĳͣһϢµ˯ϰ㱻ץ˿ǽ𡣡
˵꣬Ҳת˵ȥԼ칫ҡ
ߺʣµǼȴû뿪ǻ˸䣬һСš
ղûп
ͷҶûע⵽СܶҲŷ֡
Ǻ۰ǰǰɣ
ǣ
˿˿˴ˣûס̾
սͦҵġ
ҿЩϹģҪ鲻òŲء

֪ǼԱѾ֪ڸܣ᯳µԼ칫ҲѾ˹˾֮ͽѾõһļǰһۺҪǩֵĶϡ
Щһ飬ȷʵҲС
᯳Щطݣ̲ס̾˿
쿪ʱѾ˵ö飬ĵʽֽʰҪǩֵʱҲٺúÿһֽݣĥûʲô©ĵط
ǲֵЩ˵ĹֻһһһЩҲܲ
ټʱʱЩŵĸ˹㱨ʱʲôҪǩֵģССȫ꣬ҲѾ°ʱ
ʱؽ¥ϢǵóԷֻʱתȦæڳԷҲ÷ֳһ˼ظȥʱ˵㣬Ҳ˲١
֪æؽ¥ҲֻҸʱϢһ£ûٷϢ
һļǩԼ᯳ֺ˦˦Щ͵ֱۣ˳˸վڰ칫Ȧ
˿ʱ䣬ʣµʱҲû٣ʲô飬Ǿʹǰ°ࡣ
ȥ壬ԺҪʱ¸ļȻҲøŻطͣߣһȥùܼԺȥʱ档
ֻû뵽һţ˸Ϥ
¡
ӡʵ㲻Ϻã᯳΢΢ĿתͿմǽǳ߹Ļ
ֻʱûм棬ӾѾ˲٣ΪЩ齹ͷö
ڶԻѾûʲô˵Ҳֻ۾ջĿ⣬Ҫ˵
ǣҸطú˵˵𣿡
лҪ˵
콵ֹηĳ䣬Ӷ챻ɵˣעഩ·Ŷ


29 
ȻǾĥԼıֵ, һھͰڳб΢̬ʱ鶼˵
ǲ֪ʲôطѧСУװ
᯳ֻ¶һ׻Ĳԡ
ûҪԸǡ
ԼȴԸ, Щżسǰסȥ·
˵һ, ֪, ҲôɡϾ֮ǰ
⼸һֱ˵Ϻá
ԭΪЩͷβȫԼյ, ᯳ڸҲܻ
ȵʱȥкܶ෽᯳ܰ¸
û뵽᯳¾Ȼ᯼ҵˡ
뵽᯼Щȹ˼Һܺ˲֪жٵļҵףһ¾ͺ
׷᯳µʱ˵ǻ, ˻Ŀǹ͹˫˫Ȣ᯳µġ
Ҫ᯳֪µݻмͥ, Ҳ̰ͼ˼ҵЩҲô˼ȥ׷˫˫
ֱǼ֥鶪ϡ
ڻ᯳¿࣬ȥԼݺһͨ
⼸, ˫˫ڳһյίӸ˦, ˵ʱҲǼǹ䳰ȷڼͺźСһźŹ˫˫
𵱳᯳һʱ᯳¶Ĺػչˡ
Ҳǲġ
ȻԼԲ, жһ, Ĺ뷨ȴһ£̶һ仰ȴְָȡֲ͡
᯳²ɵЦҲЦһ, Ŀ⿴һۡ
ֻͬͬѧѣʲô֮֮ǰġ
ǣæڣ֪㻹ҵǶѾôʱ, ǲҲȥ, ҶѾ, ôͲԸҽ͡
Աߵ鿴ŻͻȻ˵Щ߰Ļ, һʱЩĪ
⻰˵Ļͦ˼ġ᯳̬̹˫ֱǰҲºͣǻ綼ôֻ῿˵ֶв𣿡
ҡûСû뵽᯳»ڵķӦЩң֪Ҳ˵ġ
Ҹֲ죬ô֪ʲôˡ᯳һ³ǳˣҲҵɵӺŪ
ң˵ײ̺ôˡ
ʱ˵᯼µĹ˾ܾͻҺӰҲֻҼģ᯼õĹ˾᯼е˼ҲῼǵЩӰ졣
ǿż﹫˾ܵӰ죬˼ǱԹ˲ϾǴ֮ǰ˵Ļ˵׼޾ɺá
һ±ѿɫ֪Լǲ¶ˡ
⹦ңһԼ¡᯳˳Լ·ʲôʲôԼţҿûʰ̯ӡ
Ҫڻ£ܹһӦóеΣûҵĹ˾ܹȶ߿һۡ
⸱ӲҪôӣֻԽƲ
ӻˣûпܴӦҪ
ɻȴӲԼʲô⣬ȫûбԼ˵ĻԼԭȵĴжʱɫмЩ¡
Լ߹ȥžҪô߿ʱ򣬻Щ̲סתͷȥ
ǲǡǲؽ¥ô˵ġ
ؽ¥һ˵᯳µĽŲ΢ͣ¡
ⷴ˻һϢĵػҪһ¡
ȻȻؽ¥ֻǰҵҲҪ㣬Ųʲôˡ
ˣ᯳ºؽ¥ȻЩѿҲѸٵҵ˽ڡ
ؽ¥ĳмƣ᯳¸ô꣬Բֲܷһ㡣
Ψһܹ͵ľǣġ
ѡƵؽ¥ҲֻǸĶѡ
᯳ʵĻЦˣתͷ´һʲôĵطǱǿġ
⻰ѾֻÿЦ鶼÷ס
˵ĽǶ˵ؽ¥ǴӸ涼ܵ
òͨ˵΢ͻһЩĵزؽ¥ģȦⳤԱ߱ȽҲѷɫԽ
ڶûʽܼңҵĹ˾ѹͲʲôǳֵعעĳ̶ȣؽ¥ⳡЩ߰һ㶼ȤͨˣҲ˵ڼŵ֣жҲнӴڼŵĶ
ò˵ǵؽ¥˵ȥǶؽ¥һ裬˵ʲôؽ¥ɻˡ
˭񲻺õزؽ¥ҪȥִڻĻɫ
һȻûпڣֻԴҲᡣ
Щ߳ŭֻȭؽ¥飬ҲֻΪ͹˼ǸѾȥĴС㳤ѣŲϲ㣬ǸСˣһڵġ
⻰˸˵ָеЧ᯳ˣ͸ٴʲôЦһ㡣
ɻû˵Щʲôʹ˵
˵˵Ҳ֪ʲôСˡ
ؽ¥߹᯳ͣµߣŻ
᯳Щ⣬ؽ¥ٿһ˵ץסĻ
û뵽Լؽ¥˵Ҳܱץֳͺھۿɼ顣
ҡ
ƺŽʲôſֲ֪˵Щʲô
ôһ˭˭ûһĿȻ
ؽ¥Լϵʲô棬ڸǲ
֮ǰĻһֶûȥ
˵ģȻ֮ǰѧУһΡ
ؽ¥ϾͲһأôһҲ뵽һȭ
Ȼؽ¥ûصҵĳ̶ȣҲ㹻Ϻü죬һʱ򵽵ĵطҲſʼ
㻹вʣȴҲǲؽ¥һȭ
ôˣ᯳ֿؽ¥Щɻ󿪿ڡ
˾涨°ʱԭͱ˾Ҫ磬Ҫ˵ӻڵ·ϻҪһЩʱ䣬һؽ¥뿪ڵʱ仹Ҫϲ١
ؽ¥ɲûʲô鴦ǰ°ӡ
ôһʣؽ¥ĿҲڴӻŲͷʱû˸ղŵ˵º͡
ҲŷŻһЩ
ҿʱ䲻ˣؼҡ
Ŷ᯳룬ֱ׵ĻЩ֪λӦ򴽣ǻؼҰɡ
˵ԼһʼĴ㣬˳Ƹڡ
ʱļ롭
⻰˵һ룬ؽ¥Ѿµ˵ʲô˵͵ͷ
ҲǼˣҪʲôԼͺá
׼뿪ʱؽ¥ֿۻ
ͬҲϲڶΣȻٷҲҶˡ
ⷬ˵棬ɫֻЩѿôˡ
Сˣҡ
ȻȴûԸٴ


30 
ȥʱ, һȻôˣҺùʱ֣Լ˳ҲʶȤȥ
ʣ˾
濪ůҲů, ں, ᯳Щĵؿ, ؽ¥һ
Ҫȥμ᣿
԰, ôˡ
ڹԼݣ᯼ҳ˼ҲȷʵӦÿʼͬЩ˼˵˵, 㲻˭ܳΪ, ˴֮ˣʲôҲ᷽㡣
Ѱ˼ҶΪ, ˵ˡ
Ҳܼ˵, ؽ¥֪£ҲǹܼҵĹ͡
Ҫһȥ𣿡ؽ¥룬һ
˽ϢȻѾǹ, Щ˶, ѱ˴űС˼
᯳һ˹ȥôһȺİˣԿ
û뵽仰᯳һЩĪ
ĶŮ, һȥô¡
ܲܰﵱ
ؽ¥ѵЩ
ص壬᯳Լ³ߣؽ¥, Ȼйܼȥд
֣ڵλ, һתıһ, һʶȤذļ, һڹܼǰ˸Ѹٳˡ
һͻ᲻Сƻؽ¥ǵĺһ㡣
˳᯳»صɳϣһϢһؿŵӣؽ¥ȴǹһ㣬ܿ¥ȥ鷿顣
ؽ¥ȥ᯳²ԾƲƲ졣
ȻÿҲвٹҲؽ¥״̬
Ȥˡ
ʱĵûʲôÿģưѵ̨ȫлһ飬ʱ򲥵Ķ;ģɴҲ¥ȥ
ֱӻңϴȥ
ϴ˸˸ɢ˼֣˯۵ʱ򣬶žӾͿԼϵǵ̡
ϵĶ΢˶١
Ǵⷢľϸǲ̫壬ҲǸʱġ
ҽͻʿ˵Ļ˺Ⱥ˹ǽҪʱõͱġ
˵ǰѵûж೤ͱĵطҲûô׼ȷҽʿ˿ڵʱȻѣҲû˵ʹա
ֻʱ״̫ãָ죬һ̡
ͱû
һλ൱Σƽﴩ·Ҳط¶

ҲǸǣÿοʱ򣬶ܼǵЩʲô顣
˼Ի᯳̾˿˯۸մԡţж
Ϳؽ¥ڻ·
ղŻ֮һֱûл·ϴĻװʱԼĳ¡
ʱĸոպãǡϰǲ·µĺġ
ؼһҼʮڽڳھϸҩγɵ׳Щεĳ̶ȡ
ƽﴩ·ôԣɺ޷ؿĻ棬᯳¶̲ס̾һ
ôؽ¥˯֮û˵ôá
Ҫǣؽ¥ôȥ첻ǹȥ·ϵˣʱ;ȥ
òģϵļⲻɾƾճ֡
ؽ¥ʱҲĿ⣬ϱ·ȥĶ£̧
ʲô
βҲ֪ǹ⻹΢΢ȥͶ˵٬
ڰʾʲôһ㡣
˵ãһ˵᯳¾͸ĳԼڿĿӲǴϵļתƿһ
ڿ㡣
ȻƵ߹ȥ
ؽ¥ҲֻṴ˳ùԱߵ·Ҳԡҡ
Щͷԡ
ϴ֮ǰ·ʲôë
ܲǾԼ̫ˣӲҪûһ°ɡ
᯳ֹȴҲûȥЩ߶Ȼվش߿ľɫ
Ѿװĵƹȫվŵķ¿ʱ򣬲ŵһηһЩưһ飬ȥͦһµġ
Ҳ֪ǲɺϡ
¿ɫûãؽ¥Ѿϴ衣
߹ʱеˮ
ϴͷֻ΢£ͷЩʪңüӰ£ҲûĮԶĸо
ϸͬ˯ɿϵһȥʮʲݵĽᣬӦʵʵǰڵԼɼ
ոռϵļָо΢̲סЩ档
˭˵Щ΢
ڵʱ䲢磬᯳¿ؽ¥Լķ߹ʶƺʲôЩƯĿԱߣ
ļˣ
˵ŵʱ򣬾Ҹߣ˵ľ롣
ؽ¥ôܿСУǰȥ֣תһ˲ʹС
Ҫ¡
˵ʱ⿿Ķߣ΢΢ͷʱϢ˵ʱ˯ĵطϢӴĵط˵顣
У졭
᯳±˵Լܶһݮӡϸ˿ֻ֣ؽ¥ȴ˵Щ¾ͽת˹ͷҪ˵ĻӲ˻ȥ
ֻǶҲ֮ǰࡣ
ƫƫῴȥ޹ȴһ߽з
˯۵ĴӲ֪ʲôʱͱؽ¥ɿһ£һϣϵЩܵغ
˫۲Ծˮʱƺ˵ӰԼûв̬
ڲֻǴͷţߵ΢Щ̫ڣоѾȴȰѵƹص
Ȼһֱ֣ؽ¥ڴϡ
ʲôûбˡ
˵Щա
ơ
һвоʰú᯳ڱ棬ؽ¥вɵһˡ
ؽ¥ǹǵҪȥμᣬϴͱȵعص˯
еʵ۵Ĺ֣˯Ҳô˯˹ȥ
ҲҺõڶᲢϰѵ磬ʱ䲢żҲЩɢڴϲ붯
ؽ¥ҲˣܲǶ⡣
;ȵϰȥԱߵıѶѾˡ
ֹ˺ü᯳֮µԺЩ
ĥ᯳¶žӿ˿ؽ¥ȻһȴҲûʲôرԵıǣټŮӵȻٻƴ·òҲڸߺ̺ҪȲҪ¶ȡ
һ
¥ֻͣһţһȥůůθȥ·ױ
ƽﲢڻױֳúãʱ򱡱ĴףױͿϿںԵɫͲˡ
ñ淭һҳһۡ
һƵģȫҲôһīɫ˿ϸܳĳɫĴ˿ббشϵѣȥȷʵҲ˵㻪С
лҪ˵
ˣʾûг
Ȼ󱦱ղרԤqwqɲһŬԼдøһģ
İ̫´ҿķҵרͿԿ


31 
ɢ˸򵥵ķ, ϼԼƷЩһֱŵˮҲһϸӡ
ͬīɫ߸Ьھǰ´һԼڵĴ, ĵͷųš
֮ǰû, Ҫȥμ, ʶȤظԼ˾, ᯳ֻ֮˻ӡ

ʵϣкĴſͣŵĳҲôһ
᯳߹ȥ, ´һ, ɵøӾ̾
˸ԹԣǴȥѹȫ𣿡
Ȼ᯳֮ǰû۳, ϵ, ȻҲ·Ƭ
ʱ;ʮ־ޣû뵽᯳µ־޸зͻ
᯳֡¿һۣЦһ, ô, Ҫǻ򵥵ģָ˼һ˵ҼҿƲˡ
ϳͿ˻ģʽ
޷ָ˵֪ᵽЩ˵ĸϢ, һ֤ԼİԲǺôһҲڰ᯳¶˽һЩЩˡ
׿˫˫˵֪ĻμĴСǾв٣µͲҲûʮ, Ҳ϶ͬˡ
ĲŮ֮ǰﰵؽ¥ĺøС
ֻټ, Щϲؽ¥, Щֻǵкһĺô, еĹȡеıƲֶΡ
Ȼǻô˼ʱҲû˻ᡣ
˵ԼҲû᯳һ䡣
ںؽ¥˻飬Щ˵ɲһ㣬ٲҪ̽㡣
Ͼؽ¥ʱûн飬Щ˳ҲֻǻԵľߣ᯳Ѿ֤Щʧȥѻϧ֮࣬ٿ϶Ҳ
°ǵĽǾǽǵߵ飬쳤˼ϣôҲѱ⡣
ҲôЩǶؽ¥Ȥġ
ͱ˵ܾСļСĳꡣ
ļǵҲŵеƫϵλãĳʱѾͱҵ˶ף÷һ𳤴󣬸ǰʱҲŸն飬Ҫʽٰ
ЩԴҪؽ¥ǰĴСǰԵࡣ
ҽģҪʱЩʲô飬Ҳÿһ̬ȡ
һϢ
ûã˾͵˵ط
ļµһСͥԺļҳרĳܾдõĵطΧķ羰ҲܺÿȻ˲ٵ˼
߽ȥʱѾ˲ˣһ飬˽ʲô
ʱĿˢˢϡ
֮ǰû᯳£⼸ʱϢѾɣҲ֪ųʲôӡ
Щ˵Ŀ⵱к棬ĽмʣôЩ⡣
еĿһ±᯳²׽ǸطȥҲܿʱ΢Ĺ˫˫
ֲҪϸź͹˫˫һһģյĿ⣬Ҳûôһ£ջĿûһ
ĳҲӭȥ
˶ǵһμ棬ǰҲûκìܣЩϵϵкʱ˴˵̬ȶá
кʹ˸ط¡
᯳֮ǰϲĻƫƫϲ֣Ͳ˹ϵϲҲ᯳мǣߴš
ЩСⲻЩ֮ǰؽ¥ʾԼ뷨ģէһôƷˣںʲôܺؽ¥⣬ҲЩԸ
һֵõôͺܲõҫڱͷҫԸô죿
ֻЩĺܿͱǸˡ
Щ˸˵ûʲôìܣ֮ǰؽ¥˼ҲδȢŮδ޵ʱؽ¥ûлӦҲûҪİ⵱һҫ
º͵̬һʱܲ˺øеġ
ЩСƽܹó˵鲻٣᯳¸һ飬ںܶ໰Ҳ˵ô仰˵Ļͦġ
᯳ЩϷִеҲ㹻֪Щ˻ΣԸɴѹؽ¥йصκ⣬ᵽ̬̽ȣҲֻǴ˸ιȥ
ܿ죬Щ˵Ľ£ľĵһ飬ϵ˼֡
˫˫λԶԼС˵ʱҲûǹעߵĶ
᯳׾ٵľͺЩ˵˵ЦЦѾڼͣɫҲ㲻úÿ
뵽Լûûֶʮ꣬ҲҪͻǿ̫̫ݣԼĸ׻ûʸԹ˼˵ݳڴǰֲʾ͸ǿҡ
ΪĽȦ棬ִССᶼҪμӣҲٱֹԼ˲ʱ䵽ڵЧҲʮһ㣬ܹԼ浽һĴСҲûж٣ڿô̵ʱ᯳¾ͺЩһ飬ȻῪġ
ϻ˵˱ˣԼԭƲϵ˲ݱԼߣ޸ԼϵˣսʤԼôõŬô붼
ĲĺܿҲߵС÷ˣ˳Ŀ⣬һ۾Ϳ᯳¡
ôˣСЩСһ䡣
˫˫鲻ãٱСôһʣЩ⣬ЩӦ䡣
ûʲôֻ뵽顣
Сû룬ôһ˵ȻȻľ뵽˼ǰĻ
㻹Ż鰡
⻰˵ģڹ˫˫͸һѵһ
ӦһŮҸʱ䣬ԼȴеЦؽ¥᯳³ΪеĽ㡣
ȫȻû뵽ĵһߣֻ뵽ˣȴֲԸϡ
Ź˫˫ɫѿ˼֣СõҲͬ
ƲƲֿڡ
ԼʲôﰡҪǺؽ¥飬˭ŻôһˣʱȲҪȦˣҲԼ䲻䡣
⼸˫˫ﰵﱧԹ²ٴΣ᯳Ҳ÷ⲻ˳ۣվ
Ҫ治ĵĻҺһȥɫ
˫˫ԼСԸΪԼͷо֮ǿģֻԼܴ󷽷ñԼͷԼԱպôװһЩΪѵӡ
Ǳ˰ɣҿҵӣҪһȥǵ㣬㲻á
ЩίټΪĻ˾ʮֿСüһ¾Щɸˡ
ԼίʲôãҪǸСۼǳˣôίȫҵԸ㡣һ㣬ֱǰѻ˵ˣ֪ǲǵ˲С
˵ţҲûܹ˫˫ǸʲôӦ߹ȥ
Ǳߵ᯳ڸܱߵ˵Щʲô£һתͷͼ˫˫һİŮ߹
˫˫һίǸŮһڣһ߲ơ
ﲢ᯳Ҫе㲻̫ĳӵ˼ŤͷȥŪȥ
ǸŮûô֮࣬ſھ


32 
ؽ¥ģ
Щ, վǰ΢΢ͷϵıҲжôơ
˫˫Сڼܾ谮Ǳ߻, ҪȻҲܾôҴϸŵǹʹ
˵⻰ʱһ㶼û뵽ܵĺ
˫˫վС, Щˬ, ǿϲ¶ֵ⡣
᯳˵, ĿַŻصϣֿ˿˫˫һۡ
û˫˫ΪҵҫԼؽ¥Ļ, ֻƽصͷ, һ˵˼ûС
Сöؽ¥ûʲô뷨Ź˫˫˵˲᯳µĻ, ϶ʲô, ᯳³Ϻһ
һΪܺؽ¥ĻʲôˣһҲˡ
Ҳ֪ؽ¥ֻ۾Ϲ, ֻɫ
⻰˵, ڳ˵ҲЩ𾪡
Ǿֱڿ˵滰ֻ˵⻰ʱĺ˽⡣
ؽ¥ͷôܻͿ˵ڳЩСֲʮ֮һ, ǼҳͷԼһ飬һֵù
˵ģ᯳µļѾǣղ˵ʱҲǸͷԼ򵥵ˡ
᯳ܺؽ¥Ҳʲô벻¡
Ҳǰλ಻, ˵˵Цһ
᯳ԼҲǸɵ, 浽ʲô˼Ҳ, , Ҳֻ΢΢һЦ
ɵˡ㱻һʱҲƽλСҪĺĻҿʽ¥ʲôʱпա
㣡Сû뵽᯳»ӦֻҫЩü˸Ϲʲô˲ģ²ǳ˾һˡ
⻰˵Ȼ͸ӵ޴
ǵҲǡ᯳¶ǣֶ豭˿ɤӣ㲻飬᯼ҴС㣬᯼ҽΨһļ̳ˣҿ᯼ҾѾܹúܺãԹҪܹҪĶ
ԼݲνȨҲܹƾԼı¿϶ѧУýѧ˳ҵڹ˾ҲܹܵסµһȺ˰ľŹ˾չ
Ҿö˵Щеʱ
ã䣬Ա߾˽кá
ĳղԱæ飬Բ߹׷ʲô᯳˵Щ
ߵǰĳͣ½ŲҲ˳˵Ļڡ
˭鶼ɣղźĽҲ֪ûаҫ˼Լܹһһ˵ҫǲЩǿʶˡ
Сĳ᯳˵Щ֮࣬ǲ˵ˡ
˽᯳ȴ֪ĳ꣬Ǹлֱ˵ԸҶ᯳ɻ治Ҷĳ귴
˫˫ĳ겻֪ʲôĳȻ᯳˵ҲЩŭĳùϵʱҲֻαװԲ
С㣬ⶼᣬֻһʱЩֱڿѣǹҪðġ
ֻΪԼΪĳȴ֪«ʲôҩ
ֱڿ컹Ͳ˵ˣֻӿڳһʱͿҲܴδκͿǡ
⻰˵˫˫ɫ΢΢ӲЩ
ĳٶ˵䣬ͰԼС˼ȫͱԼСþͻȥš
ֻɫһֱãС˵˵㻰֮Щʣ߷߲ƽԼֻڹĵʲôһ
û뵽᯳»ͦб£Ȼĳ궼ͨˡ
ƫƫܺͼ˵
ԼĸȻѾ˹˳ô꣬ʱһֶûУڹ˼Ҳѹ˵ϻ˵ù˼ҵȥЩʲô
˳͹̫̫ЩΪ˹ɼۻæĽͷöʱ㣬ϸҪֺؽ¥᯳¶ûлᣬΪô˽Ůٶȵǡ
Ҫĸù˳ϸҳӣ̫̫ܰӵ᯳ǰ¹ϴ
ĥһͨԼڵĴǵԼС
ҧҧҵһˡ

һߣոսһҪؽ¥صԼİ칫ҡ
ļ֣꿴һۣҪȫ͹ϾһѾõļ
ʱͻѸͶ빤ֻǽȴϵؿС
ʱ䣬һ绰塣
ӵ绰Ȼǹܼңؽ¥ʵ᯳£ЦǺǵػش
˽ͣ·ͳˣ˵Ǻһȥ
˭Сģؽ¥֮ǰûҲʣܼȴ᯳ºʱ׻˳
ⳡϵؽ¥ĳɫ˭ʲôС㣬˭ʲô˼飬֮ǰɶǹܼҰŴģȻϲԣɸ˵ʱҲ˵ӳî
ļңؽ¥Ҳܿ뵽˭
ֻĳĸĸȻˣҲɣŮҲǵӲࡣ
᯳ǰǲʲôίġ
ֻôЩӴ񲻺õˣõĵģҲⲻˡ
룬ؽ¥Թܼҿڡ
Ҽ׵͹ȥԼҡ
ܼ֪ܲôΪʲôϻֺǺǵشӦ߹Ҷϵ绰ִ绰ļǱߡ
ҽϣܼܼλãⷽ汾¿ɲСǱߵ˵᯳ǰʱ¶ó˽ڣǰѶסˣôӦ
˵ú󣬹ܼҺܿҲѡˡ
˼λʦмȥֵġ
ЩֵطҲһ㣬Լıְ֮⣬Ҳеġ
ǹȥܰæܰб᯳£ܻ󽫷ʲô㱨
νһٶá

ĳ˫˫Ź˫˫С뿪һ˳Ҳ
˵ҲֻСָֻܿ˸ղŵķΧ
˵Ҳɣĳ᯳΢ôһ㣬˾ȻҲУѣֻѧԺרҵͬһֶ˼С
ĵѧУйصϣҲЩ
һᵽѧУʱĳɼԱЩСҲ̾
᯳ȥĴѧǹڶУֵطǰé¾ԲС
ЩҲֲѧֻܵĻƿѧϰϣֻǷǳҪ˵˲Ĵѧǰǲ˵㡣
㹻ʱĶǽһ
ЩҲ㣬̬Ҳ׽˲١
ܱؽ¥ϲزԸôͨˣȥ˲ܺؽ¥飬翴˼ҵжٱ¡
˵֣ĳͽӵ˼ĵ绰
վ˸徻ĵطӵ绰Ǳߵ˵֮Ŀ᯳ֲµϡ
Щ⡣
û뵽ؽ¥ˣΪԼطϰߣصذѼĳӽй


33 
ò, صñ˲Ҫ¡
ĳ겻Ǹˣؽ¥߲Ը˵ȻҲûҪһ١
ֻǹҶϵ绰᯳, Ծһ
û뵽ֵطܳԵ
ĳʦˮƽɲһ, ԭȶǸطĵĴ, ؽ¥нȥרΪ, ԭȻòٺóԵϧûһõؽ¥ΪԼ, Щ³һΡ
ļߵĳʦˮƽͬ, ɸؽ¥ɹЩ˱Ƚ˵࣬ͨ˵ܻߵ, ʳ޵ȴֱܹ档
õĸּȶ, ɫζȫžθڴ󿪡
ľۻǳԷʱҲôིһŴҲǿһҪ, ƷҲ쳣ḻ, ʲôζľͶȥˡ
ղź᯳ĵСǾ㲻һ飬λҲԿһЩʳǰҲɵñ۷, ʳС
ԵñҲá
ֻǲ֪ɺϻǹΪ֮˫˫С˻ǹڽ䵱С
ԵĺȵĵҲȱֻǱҲû˼ʱ
СôСڼб谮, ְӿʶֻųԳԳ, ǹ˫˫, һ˱ŰԼˡ
Щζζͬ, Եҧгݡ
Ҳû⡣
ȵ磬Щþ񣬾־һ˵
ֻһ˵ݾ˲١
󲻹һҴֳʲôƷʲôҪҪɹȥֻһʲôϡĶ
˵˵ţ֪˭ᵽ֮ǰһᡣ
˵ǳһһʯǱʯƷʺ;ˡȻѾȥһʱ䣬˵Щֻˣǿϧˡ
ƽİ֮һǸֳȻҲصϢҲ
Ȼ᲻֪ⳡи˴һ˺üÿɽ۶Ǿλ𲽣һ黨ʮڡ
ֻԾߵݶϸܵģ˼ֱ㻹Ͳ֪˭ôֱʡ
ʮڶļͥ˵ֻۣܹ۶գһӾͻôǮĻѾȥһʱ䣬һᵽ飬ҲǷ̾
Ҳ֪Щ͸˭ģҿƬ;ĶʵƻҪÿ١
ǰǰҪⱦֻһҶó԰ˡ
᯳ô˵΢Щ
΢΢ͷ˿Ͻջ
ⲻҪΪ˴ԼۣϹƻʯ
ڵԶġ
˫˫һֱһ᯳ֱµһһҪҵ©ĵطһű˵飬һַС͸ʲôһ
ֻǸղСʱ򰲷ֻ࣬Լϳˡ
Сӻͦÿģ۸˼ҴһʮڲڻµľͺˡôˣôϹҲֵǮĶ
˵׻Ǳƣ˫˫֮ǰΪֺñαװ֣ڶ᯳£Ϊ³ɺ޼һ飬˵ʱαװˡ
ﲻƵӲ᯳ֻ£ԱԭصŶüͷһ塣
Χһ°˵Ŀȫ˹˫˫ϣһЩ͡
˵Ҳ⣬һȺ˿һһЩеûģ˵ҲΪһȤĻ⣬ȻĽλôûǮѶ£ҲֻĽĳ̶ȡ
ЦһЦ͹ȥ¡
ƫƫ˫˫һ仰ͰгոƻˣǸղ˵Ļ᯳¡
ǰҲ˽ȥ
ЩСǮԼҲûǮҲܹžλ԰ڣ˫˫⻰˵һŪúǸղŵڳ᯳£һҲϵƷֵȲǼƷֵǮ
ǵ᯳²˵Լһţ˭˭
᯳¹ϵã˫˫ô˵ʱһ
뿪ڰ᯳˵ѵһ
˲֪֪Щؽ¥ڿ᯳ϣ²ǲҪһζ
ֻҪ᯳¾֣ʾҪ嶯
ʵ᯳¶֪Լһܸ˫˫ôӵĻᣬһ֮۹˫˫˳̧Լ֣¶Ǹ
˵
ûؽ¥͵ǼҲû·οãҲʲô˻
˫˫϶ɲֵǮҲǵүӻϾλӣ˵̴ҾĵСĳɹ
ʵʼֵĻƻҪʯҪһЩ
˫˫Щһ˼ĥôԼĸ˳˼ңֶͼûС
ҿڳΪֵǮóҫģ̵᯳ֲֻᣬȻ顣
᯳ֻ޴ݵʵ᲻κλػȤòֵǮ£ϲҵ¡
λᵽؽ¥ݣǱ᯳º˸ס
˵۹ûǳ򱡣ʱע⵽ϵһ֪Ǻö
һô˵̲סһЦ˳
ⶫҪǲֵǮҸǮҶҼ
һ˿˿ڣ˵ĵҲʹ׷׸͡
ǺЦȻ˾ⶫֵǮ
ֻԺɱ˵ˣֶ˶
Цɫѿľͳ˹˫˫
ĳ걾ΪղŵûʲôøУּƣоҪҳӵӣջ
˵˼֡
һΪôҿģµʱһ̨ģҪúôţԺļҲӭ㡣
˵ŽߵĹܼң˰ѹ˫˫ȥ
Ҳ᯳Ϊ˫˫ղŵĻᣬȵ˫˫뿪ҲҪ͡
Ǹղֻ˵ĵģû˵Ǹ˼
᯳ϿȻҲᣬ֣ЩЦЦ
֪û˼Ҳû
Ҫʲô鶼ҪͿԱɺˡ
һҾ͸ɢ˹˫˫м˵ûǱȽϿĵģֻǳźϳǼǹŸղŵ顣
ղô˵ЩϹģ͸ģЦ㣬ˣ
ԽԽġ
Ҫί϶Ҫֳˡ
᯳֪Ը΢΢ҡͷ
ǸӣҪĸƽˣǲԸءˣҪ
ô˵ЩˬȴҲֻܰͷת⿴ʲô
ˡ
£㿴ǸǲϹ


34 
һ˵, кԼ˾ѳͣ·ߡ
ģԭ˻·һᾭֻʱ仹, ֵһҵĵ, ˲Ŵ·ġ
üһ, Ȼջ
᯳¿ʱ, ʱӦûڹ˾湤ֻ˵Ҳ˳ָķ򿴡
Ŀؽ¥
ССĹ˾, ϰҲװ, 뻹Ѳ
Ҫĳ໹ʵڹǿҵû˸ҿһܷ֡
ʱվڽֱ߹սǴ, ͣƺޱ˵Щʲô, ߵĽǶȿؽ¥˵ǸŮ
΢ģҲǲ, һξҲܿԷ˵ʱϴЦ
ߵĽǶȥվһľ, ƫĳ̶ȡ
´һûסڡ
ҿŸո೤ʱ͸һ
᯳¼ⳡ, в֪Ҳô㲻ãֻϲԣƽ
ֻɺϣ̸⡣
⻰Ҳʵûʲô˵, Ťͷ, еɸ֡
Ͳֱҡˡ
ѵ, ˭̸ֵطġ
˵ؽ¥Ĵ˾, ̸ⲻǵҸ徻ĵطһȺ̯⽣Ӱġ
˭վ·ߵġ
οⷽĺܣŮ˿ɲֻϴЦô򵥣ִȶĸоʲô˼浱ء
սûڽֽǹͱŮ˵ദٹһʱָʲôֵ顣
пɴûйʲôõӡľǻ˵ƯļһڸͷײͷСһ¾ȼ
û᯳·Ӧͽ⿪ϵİȫڵؾҪһ³
Ҹ˵ֳ￴ŹͲӦøֱȥ˦һж˲֪¡
˵ţĴôֱӳȥ
᯳ЩЦõ
ˣǲ̫嶯˵㡣
ؽ¥ҪĻڳ죬ܰصʵʵ˷ֵİ취ȥˣ컯յĳĿŵ
ֻȻؽ¥£էһֳ棬治ôȷʵҲ㲻Ƶıţַ
ˣе£
һ£ջֱӳȥͷ˳װسķ߹ȥȻڲԶһ̲ſͣ
̲һЩθʹãʱ˲໹пλҺλһֱؽ¥ǱߵĶ
᯳½ȥ̲衣
ؽ¥Ϥ᯳ܱԼҪױ֡
ûã᯳¾Ͷ̲裬һһĹעǱߵĶ
᯳±ˣһߺ̲裬һʱʱװ΢΢濴
⶯Щڳúÿ⶯ҲţΧҲûע⵽쳣
һ۲᯳֮浹һЩ
ղԶէһȥúֻܽǹ֮ŷղΪĻҪԶôһ㡣
ĵʲôǸС

ʵ黹ֻһᡣ
ؽ¥ϴ绰ùܼ֮æڹ˾вٺͱĹ˾ĿͬƽЩټԭڲͲٵһĹȷʵС
ȵ緹ʱͽӵһҹ˾˵ĵ绰
ܣʱԷ˳·̸һ̸Ŀϵ顣
绰ǱŮ˵ҪһЩãƫƫ˵СŮ̬Ķֻ̲סü
ûʱ䡣ܾظɴ顣
ǡ˻һֱ˻ȥ
㸸Ӧø߹ҵĹء
ȻҶϵ绰
绰˽˼Ǽҹ˾ܵŮʱһֱڹ˾һκͻڵĺΪ˺߶Խӡ
ؽ¥ûκȤֻǶԷ֪ͿǼٴͷڹϵҪԼȥ
ǰ漸֣ǰ£һҲ֪Ǵ˭֪칫ҵĵ绰˹
ǲؽ¥ϡ
һҹ˾˴ϵľߺҪҪ㱨⣬רŵĸȥԽӹЩëƤ˴ŵСЩ˴ѾǴ´ࡣ
ʱ˵ʲôֵ飬󲿷Ҳǰ̻㱨֣ЩϢܹжϵȻʵڲܽŻݽϡ
ֲ߸ֱӶԽӣ߹հ˹ΪȻǶһơ
ûеҲֻΪҹ˾ܴ꣬ϿǻϣûҪֱӷһء
Ҷϵ绰Ͱȫ׵Ժˡ
ֻû뵽˼ϵǷִš
ؽ¥ԭȿʱ䣬ǰȥ᯳£֮˳˼ꡣ
п᯳ھۻϻ᲻ֻ˵ûʲôȥʱûͶûţʹȥԵıš
û뵽͸˼ץס˻ᣬ궫߳ͳǰסȥ·
ܡ
ؽ¥ͣ£һۡ
˼ĳȷʵϲټϱóﳤ̵ܶĴ籾£һױǸСŮ
ؽ¥ͣ£˼ֿڡ
û뵽ϰʱ䣬ôܡ
ղŴ绰ܣһΪһʱ䶼ûء
֮޷Ǵͱ֮ǰ˵ûյĽڣȻ󷽱һж
Ȼؽ¥ô˵Ҳûлᷢĳ棬ֻƽ˵˾䡣
ҷǰȻпյġ
仰һ˼ϵЦЩӲ
ֻǲԸؽ¥ô˵ҧҧǿţԺѸת뵽˸˵Ľڡ
˵ǰýˣô첻ˡ
ǰʱΪؽ¥ǰˢøжȣͷо˺óһʱĿϵ⣬͵ץסЩȥ˳·˾룬ؽ¥ҲǺ֪Ŵӱġ
᯼ҼҴҵҲжţֻ᯼ҵ͵ʲôһؽ¥᯼ҴСǺӡ
ֻԼʶĺܶСӦҲǸƢݣֻûǮֲദˡ
ôʸؽ¥һ
ôһ˵ؽ¥Ͷ˵⣬俪ڡ
ҷȻԼҪ죬ʲôҲҪ˻㱨
˼ŵһʱ䲻֪νӻ
ؽ¥Ŀһƫ䵽ĳλõʱͻȻͣ˶ٲֶڡ
ϣС˽Ҳϣֻ
˵תԱȥҲû⻰֮˼ʲô顣


35 
᯳±ؽ¥, Ƴ֮;Щˣͷ˿̲衣
һ̧ͷͿڶһ˹, Щ, һתͷ, ͸űһ
, Ȼûӵ̣Ҳ㹻ڸסһ߹ĽŲ
ؽ¥֪ʲôʱѾ˹ʱվ
ŵ᯳ֶ̲һ, ̲Ū
Ȼһ㶼ûз˼˼, ŵְ˳˿
ôˣ
ƽ, һ㶼κ顣
᯳ºòװ˳, ؽ¥һ仰־Щˡ
һղվĵطղź˵ǸŮ˻վǸط, ͷҲתߡ
˾ôնӡ
еĲˬӼǿ˲, ؽ¥ò˳
һ
Ҹѳʲô¡
֪ؽ¥ڳԽһ£Լһˡ
ؽ¥֪, ЩΡ
Ҹûйϵ
͵Ҳûʲôֻʱ˵ܴһиԼƲϵɡ
᯳뵽;ЩЦžŲô׾پȥ, ŬЦһ
Ŷ
Ӧһ, ϵ̲վ, 
Ҳ˭治ǡ
˵Լ, Һȥ棬Ͳȥˡ
ʱȻ֪«ʲôҩҲ֪ʱҪԼĺù˵վ
ǣԼȥ棬Ųĺ¡
˵껰ת뿪һ͵˼ûС
ؽ¥ôһҭЩû˵̾˿ʱûˡ
ǿ᯳µҪʱǿӲذȥðɣʱʰ
ʱţǼЩϾᣬһֵĻܱʮ֡
΢侲һ£ٺú˵
ȻԼ侲һ£Ҳʲô鶼

ԭΪؽ¥᲻뿪û뵽߳Զû˼Щ֡
ֵӾľ飬ӦܹǽϱˣȻҡ˵𣿡
᯳ޱŤͷ
ȻҵŶҲҲҲ
һ뵽ֻ棬ûס²ۡ
㲻Ҫ˿ȥǴӾԺӳ𣿡

ôһ˵ȷʵ
ǰһ·ûסСһ䡣
㲻ľ°ɡ
Ȼ˵ʼȷʵôһĥԼҲԲ
ؽ¥֮ǰʲô˭֪ôЩҪͱ˹Ϣˡ
ܲ˵ؽ¥֮ǰô겻Ůɫ̲֮סﻵˣҪೢζ
⻰˸ҿ˵Ҳֻ˵㹻ס
˵ܵĻֻһᡣ
룬ҪΪԼķ᯳֣ôãȻؽ¥ìܣ;Щ顣
˵ܶΪһСôԸ˵ȻᣬǲԸͣȻìԽԽ޷ء
ûǿۻְá
˭˵ġ߽һС᯳꣬߷ڻϣѡ滹͵鱻ץһǷֵġ
ҪһһŮֵطһξ˵ϼ仰ܸ֮ϵ¾Ͳ֪˶ԩˡ
ûкͿ̶ȡ
ղŻǸӡô˵˵㣬ֻǶķӦЩ⣬һԼһ˵
Ҫ治ؽ¥ᱳ飬Ǹղôؼҡ
᯳һϵĶŽСֲ
էһȷʵͦеġ
᯳ºûΪӰ飬Ҳ΢ģ׵Ժ
궫᯳֮¾͸һҡ
˹ϵҴ˶֪飬ż˴˼סôһϻ˵Ҳʲôһне˳˳
ȵϣһ飬￴ŵӾ硣
һŴİ磬Ȼûһҡһ˱˵һŶҲҲҲ飬Ҳ˸ֹѪ
᯳¶ֶȤƫƫϲֻΪ˿²۵ģʱϲȻһ²۾Ĳ
ɳϣ᯳һֱֻһıһֻץһʳǰһϣܵúܡ
ټһ²һֱһ졣
Ӿտһ룬ֻϢʾ
ʱ㣬Ϣ˾ûмһŷؽ¥ġ
Ǹ緢顣
Ѿȥ˺üСʱ᯳Ѿûŭڿؽ¥ĽͣƲƲ졣
ǻʱ䡣
֮ûлӦһϣȵڶ˵
߸˳ҳ棬ǱߵӾ档
ͷĹԽԽǰǵй棬ڸڹеӾ磬ǹһǰСʱʵ̲ˣʱܻƵ
һƵʱͻȻͣ
ȥϹ
ôһ˵᯳²̧ͷÿݡ
Ǹһ𺳵
ؽ¥˽ŮӣҰ±ץ
᯳£
һʱ侹Ȼ֪ʲô˲õֱ⡣
ͼȻؽ¥Ǹ˵˼Ů˵ġ
ЩŵİýȻϳ˾飬͵ĵƬĽǶʮֵ֮꣬˺óһξ룬ضĽǶ¿ȥǽһ
˼ϵЦݱóԲ˵׵ǣؽ¥ޱܱصطŴ
ʲôǵĻȿԿóܺãʲôü֮ļƽϸ΢𣬶ܱ˼вͬѰĹϵ
ϵҲֵòһͼӴס
ϾרעֵƵҪְŲ϶Ͳ˹ע
Ȼ棬᯳йصĻȴһûС
԰ʱſҲ˲ԾЩôûĵǡ
ؽ¥ȻȦ㲻йϵΪ˺˽Ҳʲô벻飬йҪİҲ֮С
ҪֻΪؽ¥İԣôҲֻĵô㶫
ؽ¥᯳߹ȻͣµĻӾлԲŶԡ
ôƫƫôɺϣȺоֻĵǰվŵƬͼʧˡ
Ϊ˻ĻѵӦðȫ̶ȻŪϹͬʱŲͬط󵨺ԼıǸ
᯳ԭȿЩЩģô˵̲סһ


36 
Ȼĵ, һˣ
᯳ôһ˵ͣЩ
ɲʱĪͳΪι״ĹµеһԱ
ջ᯳֣¿ŵ˻ڶһƬѾдõķС, ֻĶ˳Ŷ̶, ˳ֻѴűĵĻȫ
תͷؽ¥
, һ
ȻϽǰ˺
۲Ϊ
һ, İ״ﲢûΪ᯳ôһ仰ͳлǼһʲô⣬ĵشֻ, Ȼ΢ػֳ嵽ѵĸλ
һȥ濴, ٷöļ˵Ҳ͵Ĳࡣ
էһȥֻǵڰԹĵƬϸһĥ, ﻰƺʵؽ¥ڳ顣
, һɫ۶˵ؽ¥Ů˲氮˳ű汾Ĺ¡
᯳Ƶط˾ͳµнݰᵶᰮı޳Сˡ
˶ŭֵǡ
¿Ȼˡ⡱зƬеŮ˭, ˳ҵ˶Է΢
˼಻ϲ, ΢ƽ̨ҲǸһٶ۵ױƽ˸˿һЩױƷױ֮⣬ϲ޵չԼͥԽ
˵ŲϣԼͥ˽̫˹ע, һصӪźֱͨɡ
ƫƫ˼΢ϲ˵ЩɲĻʱþ͸ЩĺǱĵһµĻˡ
΢Ȼ죬ڵİ̳ҲǸۡ
һʱѾ˴ţҳѾ˼ǧظ
᯳һȥ, ӵıⶼͷζ
ҽأĳմк˼֮İӿ, ֻ氮һһǰɡ
˼ָ߸߹ڱ, ؽ¥ȴֱֲ˵ֻ˴, Զ׼³Թ˾ģ˵ǡ
ݸǳƪۣһѽͼ滹رĵػҪǿص㣬˵ʮˡ
ǰҶͻȻ֪ĳմѾϢɣҲǸʱ֪ġºô붼òԾȱ˵λнǸ֮ǰǴûм棬ȫ֪Ǵĸģ˽飬ô֮ǰһû
ֱҿһŵʱҲŶ򣬿һֱˣǸʹнֻǴΪ˱Լİ˶ҵĹ˶ѡ
⻰ǿɱţɶнͼ֤ݵġȣ˼Ǯ˭֪飬ҵĹ˾ʹеļź˺ܶҲһ¾ܹѳģ˶ҵϵҹ˾ϰ㼶˵ʶ϶ûŵİɣ˼ǼΨһĺӣԼ΢Ҳֹһ˵ϲȥ̸档˿϶ʶġ
Ȼٿ˵г̣ʱпAʡһµģ˵Ǻ˭֪Ǹʱ˼Aʡһǡǡȥһ췢һ΢˵Լܿĵģע⣬ͼڻĵģǿԺɣ˾ֻǱļʵǹȥԼСˡ
һǶǵۣ϶Źؽ¥г̵ʱڵ㣬ֶ֮ԱǸʱ˼΢淢ݣһһգûʲôϵܳһĹ
Ҫ֮һʲôܹϵһ㡣
᯳£Ƿû˰ǮȤ
ֻǿ¥˵Щ飬᯳¾ûסЦһ
һ֪ⶼǱġ
ؽ¥ȻҲǹǸֳعھͷƹµȦǲͬڴǰĴʱΪƾŵеǣſɲⳡ顣
ⳡ׼ҲҪʱġ
ڵصг˵һЩһȥأ׼ʱϿɲ١
ǰһǼСʱطȻѸٽ빤״̬ѾתļޣֻҪʱ㹻ԣûбҪɵг̣Ϊ״̬ǰȥǳ̬
ǹȥؽ¥ҲԼǱ߽ӦʱӲܸǻһרŻպͽӻġ
Сէһȥȷʵôһ£ֻǸ׾ӵıݡ
¶˲ʵ
ҿ˵׼ŮڳȻҲ⣬һ󵨲²⣬㿴ӹҳǧظ΢ǱߴֵҲȥˣЩؽ¥Ƕ˵ȫôͲأ
֪µʱҲЩȺͻɣڵȺӪźһ㾪ȻɶûУ˳µسģ˳һߵؾؽ¥˼һԡ
ػѾ˲һ᯳߲£˵ʲô¶ûȴСֶαؽ¥Լ飬ؽ¥һߵ¸׷氮ۡ
⻰ɱ˵᯳·Ⱥ˵ۣû֤ݣ˵ȥ˻ء
Ȼؽ¥Լֳ飬ԼѲɻҪҰ
ϣһ
µǸ˼Եݣؽ¥ⳡϵľƲСȫҪؽ¥Լ洦ġ
Ҫ鶼ãĹ˾ҲûҪȥˡ
Ѿˣؽ¥ԼЩ鴦֮ǰǺúԼŰɡ

ؽ¥Լû뵽һ᯳ܱ¸ڡ
ˣ鴦òҪǰ
յ鷿ֻһˣһ㿪ϢǾűҲʮĺ
ҪһͷԼѾˡ
ʱҲ˵Ρ
ʱӦѾ°˵֣Ҳ˱ؽ¥ץɻȥһͨ׷ʲô
֣Ȼ΢Թ䣬ؽ¥۵ĸ߶ӰѺǹʮѸٵؾͲµ˭ڵҡ
Ȼ˼
ԭ˼ǴԼؽ¥ԷȻѾͨ˵Ĺгûգ˵׼̵лһЩ۶ӡ
ֻؽ¥ûӦҲֻܼ룬ùдλĵױĺա
˼ĲҵһָȦнҵЩӪŲѣ飬ǴпǸˡ
֣꽫Լ鵽Щһһ㱨ؽ¥֮Ҳ̲סֹ
˼ҲǴ󵨣֮ǰؽ¥ȶȵĸ·һֵܴôһ͵ʴס
ţڳЩ۶ӾܹΪȺ˵Ψһһˡ
Ǿؽ¥ڽ˾ͲЩ߰飬ץסú÷һ£
ǡҪô


37 
֣ϸϹ, 潫Щ˵꣬һͿؽ¥Լ
֣꣺
ϵļУҶ, ھȥ
ȻЩͻȻ, Ҳʲôѽ顣
ܿ, ڼŵķ񲿾, ˳壬ŶɢЩʵϢӪźʹȽϴӶץʱ˹֤
ԭڷ͵У˭û뵽ؽ¥ߵĳô졣
ֵɲֻϽŪȥͬ, ɻڵĹٷ΢ֱӷ˳, ôʮ㡣
Ƚ֮ǰЩȡ帡Ļ˵Ȼ˵
ЩӪȻҲһд˸ֲ, һʱЩ֪ô졣
ЩСϹ˾͵͵ص΢ɾװ, ҲЩֻҪǮʲôµģڿ֮͸ץʲôƸһûκκ, վĲ߲ܱһ, صط΢ؽ¥˸ҵֻûõĶвˡ
浹׼ˣؽ¥˷ʱ;ϡ
ֻ, ˡ
ûһʱ˼ʱļҲϢطŵϡ
Ǵ̵ܱԼװļеȡģ¼ǵؽ¥˼˶Ӧ
㹻ˡ
λĵƬ˿ȥʲô˵Ĺϵһ, ԴΪ˳˺ЩȥȻۡ
ʵʵƵų, ԭνܺվԵǸЦˡ
ԭȾϲԹϿֵȻǲԸ, һСμƵҲѸٱɢ
Ͼ˭ϲŷתʹľأ
Ƶµ, ܿһˮصؽ¥һߡ
ղſƬʱһΪ˽һôأƵ⣿
ҶҪЦˣ֮ûм䶼ߵļ϶˵ֹܵġ
ǰɲǰɲǰɣڶʮһӻһǧǰɣòһһŮ࿴һ۾˽˰ɡ
˻ĳƬеǸӣƬ˻йĻˣǶһ˺þòҵİɡ
ΪЩУѾ˼ֻΪ˱һš
᯳º֮ǰǸҲвؽ¥Ƶȥ¥۲ۡ
˵Ƥ˿Լʲô⣬Բѡ
ֲǷԺƱвһµĻǲɵһ˵ʲôҷֵôɺϲ˵
ӵ¶ʱ˫ִһʣ᯳ºѾûעʱܣֳ˼ǧ㡣
Ҳûܵãܿ˳ٴδ
ϾܹͨһЩ˿ٷ˿ɲֻôһ
ϵĺܶϢǺ׷ֶߵģ˼ǰ׼ٵվǻ¶š
Ҳ͹˼ӵʱ䣬Ѿ˳ˡ
ղû˵ҾÿС˵һˣҾ˿ûô죬νɺϺ볶һҲ̫ˡ
Ȼ˼ҵĹ˾жκҲһ£ǰ޽˵ߵĺҲֻΣͻڶκĹ˾ҲҲвٴҪģҲʲôԴɡ
˵ʲôһǰȥAʡΪ˽²ڸЦɣǴǸĿжжٹ˾˼ֻҪһ˶֪ؽ¥Ƕʱÿ첻ǿڿ·ϣܱ߱˵ҹ˾ˣǼ߶٣ʱ˽ˡ
ţ˻۽𾦣һҳ˼ЩƬеĶߡ
Ұ˵ǰʾ˹ϵƬŴ۲֣ŵĵطԱһźҾú죬һ£źBʡǰκֻBʡʡڽΪڱ仯ǰѾȫƽ̨ˡôAʡĻôģ˼ҹ涼˺ҪԼȥűʡΣ
ֻи壬ʲô֣ҽȡһ£Լؽ¥ʲôϵ
Ǹ¥֮ǰһȡʾ˰İʾ΢Ҳܿȫ˲Ծ
ؽ¥гûϣ˼ƬֻǾƬ
Щɲ֣ʱȥϷ˼Ҳ͸˲١
ôһԱ˻Ĳûʲôϵ
ʼľֹܵƬ֤ʵֻǹѡ˽ǶȣνİӿҲǣǿĽߵ˭е£ҲͲö˵ˡ
Ҳֱܿ˵صǸ¥Ǹ¥Ҳȫ˳
˵һͦ¥ģҼǵ˱֮˲ͿȲ˵ǵʱм˵һʱ俴͵͹ע˻رעܽһ£ôȿ΢Ѹٵҳؽ¥йصűҽͼעҵ˼΢ͼעͼƬƴӳһųͼټֵģ
ͬʱһЩʲô
Ҳһ£¥ͼƬһжʮţҴŽͼƴһģټЩһõûзģͼ˵Ҳʮˡҵĵֶ֮ǧ֣ô̵ʱô飬ܲܽ̽ôģ
ļ仰һ´Ǹ¥֪룬ЩӦôŶǴɴװˡ
ЩԭȻ˵˿ЩҲ˹
ȻôڳûèǼ˹ˡ

᯳¿ǰһȺ϶ؽ¥˼вͬѰϵ֮˳Ҳ֪ؽ¥ʲôʱѾʼ֪ϵĶ̬ѾʲôصֺֻӾ˯ˡ
Ȼ°ط˵ݶȷʵޱȵıɶ˵˵ʱʱЩ˳ģص󣬶ӰҲޡ
ؽ¥˼ûʲôϵͷֲ˶һ͵ĴñӣԼҲؽ¥ܻȥˣ᯼Ҳ㹻һӡ
˼ȥϴͷʵϲԵݻǱãҡ
һ˯ѣ᯳ˬģֻû뵽ϴ¥ŷ¥ؽ¥
ʱطҲ㹻ˡ
ֻȻ棬ؽ¥Լĺ˵Ļûǣһ֮ҪƹԱߡ
Ȼؽ¥Ķȴһվߵǰ
Ѿˣû
᯳֪ؽ¥ѾˣóԼֻ뿴ô¡
һ¼ǰһЩ˼ܲĶѾʧϵķҲһٰʮתˡ


38 
ϵķͷһ, ؽ¥ߵֻҪЩ֤˦󣬾ڵĳ档
ûЩǵ˵ؽ¥˼˷ǳӪͨˮ, ᯳һ˯ѵҲ˺˲ֹһ㡣
ֻ, ֿ˵ȤĶ
ԭʱ, ԹȺڵĳԹѾȴ, ڴѾȥˣƫƫҹʱ˼ܳQ
Լûд˵Щ鶼, Ҳľô˵ĹϵƲ, һίίдһƪСġ
ܽǣԼ΢ֻǺͷ˿Լ, ڱ鲢ûô, Ҳû˭涨˲ܷԼǰƬ
ںؽ¥֮ĹϵҲڳһίӣ˵ȻΪ˴֮乫˾кȽƵ, ƽؽ¥Ҳйע, ֻǷǳͨĺѹϵûн׵ĳ̶ȡ
˵Ż˵Լܵ籩
һСէһȥʵУɺܿˮְԼ¶˳
׷΢, һתһ´֮ǰؽ¥һԽ׵˼ؽ¥䡣
ʱҲûô׾ͱƹȥζ̫һ¾˲˲Ծ
ټͷȦֱⷽǰҴɾ, ׷ǵ˾, ȻҲܷߵè塣
һֳ˰ʯͷԼĽš
᯳鲻, ɿһؽ¥, ȴ˵Сԣô׾ٰҹûһ
аɡ
Ȼ죬˵꣬ʹ߹ȥ˲
ҵĳôԼŮϵҲչˣסҲչ˲ܣ͵ʽҲϲġ
ǰճһڣͿؽ¥Ҳ˽ɲɵǰ
᯳¿ӣֿ˿ʱ䣬ʱ㲻ȥ˾ǰ
ؽ¥󷽣һ̹ؿ
û취ˣܵȰ˸á
⻰˵ֱ׳᯳ž;ò
ͶЩʳ֪ζƫƫؽ¥ôһֱ߹ʱʶЩ˻᲻һֱߵĶȻת˽
ӦŰǰĶһ룬̲סվ
ҳ
תЩĹĵߡ
ؽ¥ȻҲվֻɫȥò٣ǺЦƸĽŲߡ
ʱլĻ԰ûڣӶҲûеϰʱ䣬ֻˡ
᯳ǰߣλò࣬ӦҲûб˵Ļ֮ͣ½Ųת
ؽ¥ߵǰſڡ
㵽ʲô
õҪҵӶ˭˵µģ㴫ҴһȦ鵽׵óʲôӡ
벻ؽ¥ʲôеûĵĹϵûܣԼؽ¥Ϊϸѡ
ؽ¥ȴ˿֪ĵһʣץʲôûһóԼֻ˹ش˵ҳ棬ŵǰ
ڿԷҳ𣿡
վţ᯳ǡǡֻܹĻǸշϢʾ˵ĸ̾š
᯳£
һ˯ѣ˻ôһ¡
򴽣óԼֻϵ˵ҵؽ¥֣ͰŲ˺
ˣȥϰࡣ
⹷˼˭֪Ҫڳʲô
ɹԼӺȣؽ¥뿪΢΢üһ
һȥ
⻰˵ãһ˵᯳¿񶼴˵Ī
Ĺ˾ȥƿ
ȥǱʲôܲ˵ؽ¥̫Լһ˴԰йȥĹˣ
ּҵԼҳԷ˳·顣
Ǿ˼Լᱻߵ˾ܾһε˼ĸġ
ֻǲ֪Ĳ֪飬ǹװͿǱֻ˵ᡣ
᯳Լ£Ҳܲµó˵ʲô£
ǸŮҲҪȥ
ؽ¥ͷ֮еľʱ಻
ʵϣǰһڵĶô˼޹ĻʱҲ֪в˶˵ĶʲôЩΪЩͷĶ϶ͻᱻ¡
ϷСңеʱ㻹ҪԼؽ¥ټ档
̲סֺһ
²Ƕ˹ˣء
һ˵ǽؽ¥Լȥˣָ»ֱĵˣϾϸѡ
Ȼ˼ֽ˵Ҫͽְؽ¥ԼȥȻֱĵͬ
ȥؽ¥һ쵽ı鶼æˡ
ҪҪҹȥؽ¥֪ʡ
᯳µȻܾ
ûоܾؽ¥Ľ飬ȼô㶷־ڵؾҪ壬Լ¹кúһ·ӡ
ɲԺÿһ˯֮󿴵ľؽ¥˼ٵš
ֻľôȻһ˯ѾͷԼǰһЭֹѪ顣
ڵظؽ¥ص壬᯳бһǾ޴ñ䵱ѡһ˺һ·ϴ˸裬ȫʰһ顣
ױԼϵİŸ߸Ь
ؽ¥¥²֮ᷳվǰһ
ô
ɻûؽ¥ش᯳¾;Լʴˡ
ˣȥ˾
һŵȥؽ¥Ĺ˾ȥġ
ؽ¥̬ϵ΢ֻҲûпȥ뿪

һ˾͵˻ڡ
᯳֮ǰֻ֪ڵĴڣȴʲô˽⣬˵طŷ֣ؽ¥˼汻ĵطһսǣǻˡ
»вٹ˾ǵĵطǻڵܲ¥ΪƽضεĵطʮĴ¥ȫǻڵĲҵ
ֱǲۺ
ܲŵԱҲǾӢǾӢаԵ˼Ҳġ
ǰһϹϰֵ÷зزŵ˺ͷŵʱҹӰ࣬Ϣ赲ס
﹤ôʱ䣬᲻֪ϢǼٵģֻǺĲǴ˵кؽ¥˵ģǵϰ
ĻֱҲ᯳µӰֻȫǵĺģҲؽ¥ǰŴġ
ǽɲһ֣ո͸¶Ϣؽ¥ϾҪǵϰ
Ϊʲôԭ򣬶˵ҲǸǺĵľûˡ
֣ؽ¥ʾ£ȻƵóȺ˵궯ȴҲûжӸ˼ֻ˵˾Ǳ˹ϰǰ⣬͵ûǵĿܡ
ĬЩԱҲ˲ᡣ


39 
᯳ǵһθؽ¥ط, Ȼ칫طܹǴʱҲмֺ档
ؽ¥ƺҲó˼ϰʱ, ҲŲæشһȦ
էһȥ, Ǹϰһ
ȫȻ֪ߺ, ԱȺ浽һֳ档
ؽ¥İ칫Ҳڶ, м䣬ֻȨ޲ʹõĵݲܵ
˵ģ, Ѿ᯳ֵ֪Ǽҹ˾Ҫ϶ˡ
ؽ¥Ĭ, ᯳¾Щµػεš
Ĵ۲һɳϡ
ؽ¥칫ҵĲ÷֮ǰ˶, , ȫڷŵ룬ڰɫΪɫһۿȥȷʵǳɾҲûʲô
İ칫ϷһҪļ, , ֻļǰٶ浽ʲôݣ᯳ֻҲֻƳһǵֽջĿ⡣
شɳ, óֻ档
ؽ¥Ҳûһôߣ˳·½һһ粨ࡣ
ԭԴû̫Ȥֻһûһ, ֱ˵˼Եݵʱ, ᯳һûס, Цһ
תͷʱ, ˼ֵ٩
⻰ɱ˵˵ȥܾǸεС
ԭŮ֮ϴܻʶƫߣؽ¥˼ʵֱǿô˼Ǹ޹ˡ
ϷѾߣؽ¥⻰ҹ˵ܸ˻²ϸ˦Ůûеĸо
ǿ԰۽֤ݷųҲɳԹȺںҲ룬ƫƫǲܴĿ˵
ʲôûˡؽ¥ȻҲֻ֪ǰֹǾûʲôҪ
ϲΪЩȷǷڵӰκЩӱ˿֪ǲ֪˼ٵѾζϢֱ˵ˡ
᯳ô˵Ҳ֪ʲô˼û˵ͷֻ
ȷ֮ЩҲܿüĿˡ
˼ڳȻûʲô飬Ѿ׼ǵʵеʱͻֲӡ
ЩѾԹϾḻѣʼȷʵܹռһЩȻΪǺܱܿ˷ֲԾ
ٿԵݵĺۼЩֲںԡ
һЩ֪˶ܴпߣ˳Ʋµж

ܿ죬͵ʱ䡣
ּͳԷĵط뻪ʢﲢԶųҲӵ·
Ϊ˱ʾԼĳ⣬ֻǾ¶˲Ըø֪˼͵ĵطһҸߵУͻиָıܴʩ֮ǰؽ¥˼վڽֽǾܱ˴ӸǶĵһİȫϷǳο
ǽ󣬾ͱŽ˶õķ䡣
ʱ˿ּ̣ŮѾ档
һţͺǴ˸档
еʮֻ꣬ǵϿʮһ㣬ȻЩԼܿóʱģ㲻ʲô춯ص˧磬ؽ¥ûȣȴҲǶ
˼ʮеΨһһӣվһ鿴ܿòеƣȷȷʵʵĸŮ
ΪͲСֻôŮеҲǸֳ谮ԼӦҲû뵽˼ȻᱳڳЩ顣
Ȼǰʱ˼һҧ˴ݺֻܺߣɵǰԲ©ٳĻʵѾ֤ܶˡ
ôսľƫƫǸؽ¥
ؽ¥ʼ޸ëͷСڽԼĲҵڵĲʼЦ뽫ڽµ͵ʴؽ¥ǰֲκκôȡ᲻֪ؽ¥ˡ
Ĳ˵ؽ¥ԼԿ
ԭ֪ԼŮؽ¥˼ʱеʵּɵģл뷽跨ǣߴšϾܺؽ¥Ϊ׼Ҵĺôۿɼ˵ҪԼŮؽ¥ĺӺǰסڣջô˲Ķ
ȴû뵽˼ڳ˵顣
Ҳֻܳؽ¥ûһӰ죬Ūȥ
˼ߣҲѾõ˽ѵû֮ǰֻ߽ʱһʱ̧ͷ˹ȥڿؽ¥ʱ˫һɵȿԱߵ᯳ʱɫ΢΢Щ仯
⣬Ǽʡ
᯳ȻҲС
ֻǶԷûжҲþϸ֦ĩȥƽϡ
˼ɻױֻܹóֲ԰׺㲸УէһȥʴӣǻһҹûϢõĿˡ
᯳߽֮¾ܹ֣νĲ԰׺㲣ʵҲǻױЧˡ
еҲû뵽ؽ¥һϵľȱ˼˵࣬кܿ췴Ӧ˹˼վ϶ŲʵЦݡ
λطˡң֪Ҫⲻˡ
˵ţæһײ;ߡ
ˡֲЦˣ᯳Ҳֻ΢΢ͷ̫ңֻпգŽ¥Զٷġ
ؽ¥ΪºߣúǰŮԡ
᯳طǰᵽؽ¥ԼŮеЩΣװֲ˲ͷϲڵĺˮЩҪӱܣӲͷƤڡ
ǸܣЩСŮϢҲ֪һ㣬˵ʵʱҲŵˣ治֪˭ô˼СŮˣ
仰һ˵ͰԼ˺ؽ¥һܺߵλϡ
˵ţؽ¥һеֿΪԼŮ⡣
Ҳǲ֪ⲻһеˣ˶ҲƵңҼλѣ˵̹̹ģ䵽һЩСУǾͱζ
ѾȻԼŮڱ󶯵ֽţҲֻӲͷƤ˵
Сǳ·ȥģŮʮĶŮҵӣŮҥǳĿͱӰ
еıݹ˵˵Ż˼ᣬȷʵǸŮŮίĴȸģ
ؽ¥˵ЩûзӦ᯳һţĿ䵽˼ϡ
ôһ˵ԼȫʧܵԵʣ˼ţ΢΢ͷʱίŵ㲻ģ˫ַ·ƺʲôС
еһݽؽ¥ÿɷѾѡõĲȶȰҪ˵һߣ׼Էʱķ˼мطûüȥۡ


40 
ǳ, ۿʱģէһƻҼ
Ѱ˵⸱ģܼ𱣻ͳɾ͸е, һЩŮ, Ҳٻϧ
ƫƫ᯳ºؽ¥
һѾС, һǶСġ
᯳Ҳû㵱Щ˰˼С, ֻջԼĿ⣬עǰʳϡ
е֮ǰû᯳£㲻˽, ԭȻЩΪϵЩµǵص˼, ڼ˵ӣҲһ
Щȶǲе, ȻȲеĴ, ζȴҲе΢΢ת˼ҸΪԼŮ˵û
СֶŮϸŵ, ǲ֮Ĺϵֵ̫
, ̯ӻҪ˼ϣΪؽ¥һֱĴĻ·Բߡ
ֻǻûҵ˵, Ϳؽ¥һЩˣ᯳µǰ
Ҳ֮ǰδº͡
ζϲ𡣡
Ŷλط˾Ͳһӡ
᯳²֪е˿еĳԾʹ㵣ʱദǶؽ¥Ķϰ, ҲûκαŤľӦ
һںζ, Ҳ͵ͷ
ϲĻ, ؼҺüĳʦؽ¥, ҲӦһ
Сڣô˼ǰ󷽷չ֣вʣһ᯳±ؽ¥չ˵ĳ棬ôŶʮִۡ
ƫƫ˼һ˾ķޣĻŵʲôطûʸָôһ԰ġ
ֻͷǶµûţֱ˵ʲ£ɫѿ˲١
˺һûȥվЩǿЦһǸȥϴּ䡣
ߵʱûִݡ
᯳˵ʱ̧ͷĿſڴ˻˼һ¡
Աߵؽ¥ʱյϢֻϵݣתͷС˵仰
᯳֮΢Щȣֻܿ侲
ӣҲ˸ڳȥ
ϴּڣ˼ҽڲųģվҲ֪ҪʲôֲôͻȥžӿԼڵӣط
ֱſڴж˽ǿعʶſڷ򿴹ȥ
û뵽ȴ᯳¡
촩һɫƵۣŵ͵ֲʧͰ׵˿ȥӰףֲڳΪò԰׵ӡ
Щһ̶ס߹ʱҡҷˣֱǺÿˡ
ԭȶ᯳ôЩȴҲֻܳʵĳ϶ԷⷽȷʵʤԼ
ֻ˼ͲǺֵطԭȵξӿһʱ䲻֪ôӦ
᯳£ճһָֻ˻ӡ
~
˼
ԷѾڣʱҪٲӦҲЩף˼룬ҲֻЩӲشк
áɰ
᯳ߵǰתžƺڴԼױݣЩġ
Ҳɣصġ
һ仰˵˼͸ʲôһ˵ɺͲȷ
᯳͸ӵȻܿõ˼ڵı飬Ϊ˻εգЦһ
ģûôǿ׳߸˶Ҳ
Ȼǵ٩˼Զ׼ûиղôţֻʱЩɻ󲻽⣬֪ΪʲôԼ
᯳ԼҲû˼΢΢һЦת
ͽ¥ЩţĶ˶Ҫݺ𣿡
˼ϱ飬᯳էһʵǵ㡣
ֻ鵫ԼǸɵӶ֪һֳֻԱߣѼӲ
㡭ʲô˼Ҳʼٸߣֻй𣡡
ֻ⻰˵ЩƮƮģ˵ԡ
ǵûС᯳Ŀɿ΢΢Цֻܵ͹ǵı¡
Ҳ͹ǲϢ
˼࿪ʼ˼Щ֪Լʱ˵棬ɴûж
ҪʲôΪ鵽ǼҶֽţˣԾҪѾ˼ң
᯳¿Ĭˣ΢΢üΪʲôҪ㡣
ϵ˶֪ûʲôϵóѾˣ˶˵Ҳûʲô塣
صܹңֻΪ˸֪˭ģ˼Ȼô˵Ļ
᯳Ҳ뷨˸ǷɲŲæ
ֻǲûõĵطŬˡǰ˼֪棬滹мĹУҪĵ㶫
ԼС˼ɫһ¾ѿ˲٣˵ҡ
û뵽ԼСҲ᯳ܱ·֡
˵ʵ֮ļٹ¶˵ûʲôӰ죬Ҫÿ򿪵ӻһͿֶǻҵĺ顣᯳¶СУû飬׻ʲôôʲô𣿡
û׾Ͷ֣Ӧ滹޴أ
ϾڴУ᯳ºؽ¥֮ĹϵôǹϹѻޣһԸġ
Ĺϵͱ˼ԵݳϵҪο١
˻ǸϿɻͳġ
˼û뵽᯳¾Ȼ⣬һʱЩס
ȷʵûôֻ࣬һʱ뵽ͷȻٱһѪԾȥӪˮǺĽͣҲǿЩȦЧ֮պ«ưѧġ
᯳⻰˵͸ˮһ
²侲뵽᯳ʵ⡣
ֻһʱ֮Ҳ벻ŵ᯳ʾҲûһᡣ
㣬ʲô˼
ҵ˼ǣû²ܻôչ㶼ΪǸˣ
ԼŪؽ¥ţֻҪؽ¥˵ĹϵͳϸŵС
ؽ¥Ҫʼղ˵̬չҲܰƻչ
Ϊڻᱻ۾ؽ¥һԣʵϵĽǣ˱з󻹸ؽ¥壬Ҫƻ˼ͥĵߡ
Ҫ۴ﵽһЩĿĵˣǻᱻ۸
ȵֲϡȱ֣ҪһƷصĶҲʲô¡᯳¿˵ĵʵؽ¥Ժûйϵ֪ڿ϶ûУҲûҪΪһԼˡ
ⲻΪ˰޷˵׷ӲƫҪ˿Ц
лҪ˵
ҵ뷨Ļʵ˼໵ĻǴһʲô뺦˵Ļ˼Ĺоͻûǵ˺ˣΪԼ¶ԼԿ
ȷʵҲʲô˾ˡ
--
ĲϷôô


41 
᯳⻰˵ȷʵ, ҲֻЩȻȥȷȷʵʵҲȫ滰
ϲϲһ˵ı˺ѿ, жȴԼ˵ġ
˼ƺҲ뵽, ᯳µȻҲʦ鶼˸
Ҫ˵ʵҲЩ, 㸸ҲõһǼʲô¡᯳ʱת, ӰóЯĶԼ΢ױ
һο֮ǳԲǴ򣬲֪ΪʲôԿ, ҪϸŸҺͽ¥¡
΢ױ, ᯳¶žӿȷԼڿȥɺÿʹȥ, ǰ
СҲûȥ, һ㣬ⷹ˿ɶҪ͸ˡ
ȵ᯳뿪˼ղŷ಻֪Ѿȭֲɿ, ͸¶ֵĸӡ
ֻʱǡʱ, һŷѷϢ
ʵؽ¥顣
ôˣҪҪҰ򼸸ӪŰֵøһ㣿
仰, ˼ûлظָֻ˶֮ǰЩ¼ȫ¿һ顣
֮ǰûʲôһ, ֲԾĸоˡ
żȻʶ, ʶʱ䲻㳤, ɶԷƽкܶʱһ, ϲԼ˵һЩеûĵ顣
ö֮Щ̫úͱ˵ĻҲ˵ˡ
ٳϵЩƣؽ¥ȷʵôĵϲģʼȷʵûʲôֻλ֪Լ˼֮Ŭȥȡ
ҲλﰵĹ֧ġ
ԭж˵ԸæɵڣЩèҲҳЩ
˿Դҹƪ۹Լ¸׷еĹǰô̶ܸȳԼؽ¥ţ鴦ö˵ʲôʧȴһ̸ֱܶ
Ǹ֮ǰжΪõԸ񣬰ճ˵ҲĻȥ顣
룬ȷʵɵء
᯳²֪ﵽڹĵʲôֻĥʲô£صᵱеʱ鲻쳣žʲô鶼ûһصؽ¥ߣŶ
ٵȵȣ˼Ҳˡ
˼Ȼûиղɫôѿֻ㲻úãԶʱֻͷСûС
˼᯳Ҳûеѣһٷ󣬵Ǹ뿪
᯳³Ϊ£극ȻҲû˼ȥʢؽ¥İ칫ң¡
ڻ·ϣЩٵش˸Ƿؽ¥
ղȥȥǸˣ
˼ȥ󲻾þ˸ڳȥؽ¥ö붼֪Ƕ˼йء
ֻǾ巢ʲô£᯳û˵Ҳһ֪
ΨһȷĴǣ᯳²ʲô飬ӦöûгԿȻ֮ͲǸղƽˡ
᯳ôʣŤͷһۣǷʱˮûɢȥЩϸ˵ɢ
ô֪Ҹʲô
û˵Դ
ôֻ࣬˵仰ѣûǲ
־ΪűΧ۵ĴС˵Ĳóġ
Ҫǵ˼Ӳóøַʽؽ¥ţӰ쵽飬һ˼ȤûС
˵ţס죬˸ǷЩڵһ
˲ʲôˣǴ˵㡣
ɿ֮ɵس˳鶼ûܲغԼĺۼ鶼û뵽ʲô
˼ӣҪǾ֮󻹲ۣܳԺ󲻼ǣҲܻˡ
ؽ¥Աߣô˼ûп϶˵ʲô
ķӦ΢˵㣬һתͷ
ȻˣɻûôŹؽ¥
Ȼص壬᯳˲ˮһͣȾ˳Լһ˾¥ȻɴİѷŹϲ˵Ŵ淴ˡ
ؽ¥Щ¥֮ͿѾţŰŤһ£ͷִ򲻿
ܼҲ֪ʲôʱҲ˹վؽ¥ԱߣƼĳ˾䡣
ôǷ˲ˣҪȥұԿףȥͷ˺ú̸һ̸
ؽ¥Ťͷһۣ롣
á
ȻѾùȥϵЩ᯳ȥּҵ˳Է֤ף᯳ڻûȫ
էһȥеȡ֣Ҫ˵䲻Լºͱ˵ֵ÷зģҲ
ʱҪôˣھ


42 
᯳, ȻǲʱǰۣʱҪӲŴǰεĵ붯ˡ
һ, ֲȱôʱ䡣
, ؽ¥ת߿
, ᯳жױ, ⣬ټ¶ǡˮ˶˯߳, ѵ˱
˯Ҳ
ȵ˯֮, ֻ˳·һۣҲ֪ǲ˼Ҳʲô, ǳԷ鲢ûб˱ϳ, ֮ǰԼɢЩ׽ӰۣһЩڵû֮⣬ʣµЩ, ҲɾĲˡ
ÿ춼иָȵ¼, ߰ȶѹٹ죬ͻ·״̬
Ҳôȥˡ
ؽ¥, ʱʶ֪ڹҲȥţһҲ˸ڡ
ʱûǿңø˵ů, ˵뿴ȥ, Լڷһ
С, סǸլ⻹мŽõĿյ, ˵ؽ¥ڵĴѾסģཨôЩҲûסɴͿճЩطȵ˵Ҫʱٰǵȥ
ܼô˵᯳ҲֻƲƲ죬滹ֹ
ؽ¥Լ͵ˡ
ЩյأĵطǶиԵ;
ڼжʮСʱӶǵס̵пжĴõطΪ˶ĸе
ֻݵ԰ԵԱ߻һСأһЩ߹
Ҫʵڲ㹻᯳¶ҪɹܼǲǻԱЩԶͳǸʿζ
һȦй᯳¹ǿָ෱ĻݣŹܼҽܲͬطĲͬƻвͬı׼Ҫ󣬾;ˡ
ֻһƬطػػεˣôණۡ
᯼ҵʱȻ᯼ͬСûôิӵơ
֪ЩطôҪעĵطͲȥˡ
ôһ֮ͨǰɳϿŵӡ
ؽ¥һ綼ڴʱץ˻ᣬߡ
ԭɳ᯳ֳִһ棬ʣµλ˶ʲô⡣
ƫƫؽ¥֪ôģӲǿ
ôûиղŵˡ
᯳²Ķ΢΢Щ
ؽ¥ж˵һ̣Ͱ˫ȷԼϡ
ܼ˵嶼˸飬㰴ȡ
һ˵ţϾѾˡ
ϵƵĺãǡôܻⲻ˫ȵʹȴֲڹʹС
ı˲ռײռοؽ¥Լģ᯳ҲİõؽһţϻûǴȤ
ʲôʱⱾ£˵׼ܸ˼רеıһ¼
һ֮ܲڻᱻ
ؽ¥ְֻţͷŤ
طˣڵ״Ӧû㵣⡣
ôҲġ
С᯳ôţȻ֪˵⻰Լĵɻûסһ˭Ҫ
ʲô鶼˾鶼ֻܲŰܼңÿõĴһ㻨Ǯ㹻ȥ
ؽ¥ҲͻȻͣϵĶԱһһСӸ
һᣬûϲġ
ϴһʮλֱʿʼǿ˵ȤֻЩƷϵȵᡣ
᯳¿ЩƷ˵ġ
᯳˳־ͽ˹ȿ˿Ǹʱ֮ȻȤ
ǡʱпգȥμһҲʱ䡣
һǸƷܵСӣһ¾
ǰЩƷһĿθȻ벻ۣмƷʻĲ
Ȼ֮ǰؽ¥ֱ͸Щ΢ѷɫЩЩƷʾϵеϵȣЩҲ
ʱӰʦȻҲ˲С˼ǡôĽÿһչֱֳһ۵ĻĴڡ
ȻÿǺÿӦļҲƯ
Ҫİⶫõ֣ͲֻôǮˡ
ⳡҲ˵Ƶͷʱȡһй
˾᯳ȴڵ٩
Ǵ
ֻΪ̫̫ôǡؽ¥ĵ٩ղ󣬡ⶼˣܻ֮ܲ⡣


43 
⻰˵, ᯳ԭõ˵Ǿû֮ء
ֻǾȥǳ˿룬뵽һ¡
, һֻ쵽ǰ
ȥҲǲ, ҵأ
˵, Ȼʱ, ؽ¥֪ʲôطóζǡ
ؽ¥֣֪ʣʲôǡ
ʱǡ᯳²Ųؽ¥᲻ǵ£ǰ, ܲһǶԸҰɡ
ɼǵǸװǵƿǹ, һҩһǣʣ²١
ⶫһֱؽ¥ʵʵز, ȻҲⶫĵط
ʱͰ׵Ժ, ͻȻһ¾ֵˡ
ڿؽ¥ҪǲӦ, Ͳŵ˼
ԡؽ¥ԭҲֻ붺һ, ʱþգ˳ƾʹӦ
᯳Ӧʱ˾, ҲԼǲǻЩۣһ¾ʹؽ¥ϷȥԼվ
˵㻰ȰѶҡ
ؽ¥ӦǴӦ, û뵽ô, ʱЩ, վǵֲĿ⹥, վ
һǰһţ᯳һֱؽ¥ܰѶصʲôطȻŶţͿؽ¥ͣ鷿ſڡ
᯳£
˿鷿ţĿصؽ¥ϣ֮Щͫ׵
ǰɣѶ棿
ôĥؽ¥ܰѶʲôطǲǲ档
Ǳ鷿棿
ǰؽ¥͵͵ǣǲЩˡ
ؽ¥˵ĻҲûʲô˼ģָƽַ֮ŰϾͰŸˣȥʱڡ
ö
᯳һʱȭͷЩӲȻº󣬿˿ϵĲЩ߷߲ƽط֡
ˣܸһƽϡ
͸ؽ¥鷿
ĲϤǲ̫ϲûζļԼƣϵ鼮ȫűڷŵ룬Ψһһճĸ߹һСƿӡ
װŵľǡ
᯳³Ĭһ£˿һ̹߹ȥؽ¥һʱ侹Ȼ֪Ӧ˵Щʲô
û뵽ؽ¥ǷԼ鷿棬һ㶼Σôληϡ
ľ֪鷿澭źܶҪļס
87ǣһֻܳһšؽ¥߻һֻǣ֣һְֻƿӷϣŵʱ򻹲˵ôһ仰
᯳£
ס
СƿӷŵԼǰ˿͸ƿӿôжǹӣֿ˿ؽ¥ɡ
ô֪浽жǵġ
Уƾʲôһֻܳһţʱ򶼱ڶࡣ
ô֪²ҪǸδСӡ
ؽ¥Ͽɾûôͨͷ
ÿ컹ҩ
ˡ
᯳һҩ鶼ЩͷƤ飬̬һתЩĲ鲻Ըת߻ȥ
ֻؽ¥Ļ
ˣôС
Ѿõ֣ȻЩ⣬᯳ҲûʲôɣҲֻ߻ط䡣
ؽ¥Ÿ˻
ǵؽ¥˵㻰עʱ͵͵ǣ᯳һͰǸؽ¥Щػ˻ԼϵԿףȻԿ׽ԡңԱߵļϲſʼϴ
˺һϴˣһ˯֮󣬳ʱԿס
ʱؽ¥ǸղŽȥʱûʲô̫𣬸ʲôʲôȵ󣬾ֵϴ
ؽ¥ڣԺ뵽ؽ¥˵ĻǰŰɣɴְǹóϵǹȻһš
ȻǺؽ¥˵һģһô87š
һŲһŲ٣׼ֶؽ¥ĵʱǲǸǵһſһ顣
ҪȻ˭ǵһƿߵжⶫ
ֹţ᯳»ʵذȫ˻ȥȻڴֻš
һͱؽ¥ӻȥֱ˯֪ʱ򻹲һ¡
һûһ죬žĵ顣
˵Ҳɣȥǳȥͬһ˹ϵã۹ⷽ浹ҲЭͳһһ˾úÿģһ˰˳ҲôΪġ
Ȼ۹Ҳڵĳ̶ȣ֪˴˶ȥ֮ҲûʲôĶԷҪԼ뷨
ؽ¥ϴʱ򣬿ľǴϵıӱѵһߣ᯳Щڴֻڸ˵Щʲôϵ˯΢΢ɢֵӷ롣
ǽϵʱ䣬ؽ¥߹ȥ˳·ʱ֮ߡ
ˣʱ䲻ˡ
˵꣬ȵ᯳¸շһϢȥùֻ
ûпǺ˭죬˵ĵʲôֱӰֻĻ͵ڴͷϣȥһ¾͵סǰĹ⡣
ﰡ᯳±Ҳ˵껰ֻһҲֻէһûӦʶһ䡣
ȵԼ˯۴ǸƯĺᱻؽ¥⿪֮ź֪֪ؽ¥Ҫʲô
ȻŽڴǱռ˱ˣؽ¥ʹӱĵطԼԵĿ
ֻڵ棬ǻĺۼؽ¥ι˿ˮɤӣͱȥԡҡ
ԭȵǼ˯˲ܴ˼ɾ˯һڴϣؽ¥ػʰо֣΢һЩ߷߲ƽ
ڷϣؽ¥ķǸˣôÿһε۵Ҫõ˶׻оȥǰǰЩ
ŮЩ࣬ǲҲִ˵㡣
ȵؽ¥жʰãϵ˯Ҳһɻشϣ᯳»̲ס棬ִ˴ֱۡ
ôÿζ۵һ
ܾÿһؽ¥ռ˱˲Ŷԡ
ؽ¥ְѱӸǺã֪ô˵ͲΪ˵õһ𰸣ҲûлشѶϵĵƸصԼҲ˽
ú˯Сˡ
᯳ôһ˵ֺһֻһ£۵ûţС֮ЩŤŤͷȥ۾
ûʮӻô˯ˡ
ؽ¥˯ˣҲź˯¡
۹ȣ᯳һ˯õǰȣζûһֻǵȵ˯֮ϵѾûʲôˣطȴֳˡ
ʲôʹൽ캰صĳ̶ȣֻĲҲ
Ҫɴֱ׳ȥ˾ˡ


44 
ֻһ˹, ڱѵһߴŹǷһ߿ؽ¥ʰ
ڿӻˮ㣬ؽ¥ȴУǰһϵ۲ж, ʱϰĻǵϰࡣ
Ȼ˵ؽ¥ȵ, ͲǱ۵ˡ
ȵؽ¥Լʰ, ֮, ᯳»ûдӴȥ˼淭ȥ˺һ
ĲͽԼ̯, ƽǳԺ, Ȼû¸һȻһ˴Сʱٳȥ棬ǡǡ˯Ǹʱ
Ȼ˵Ҫ, Ҳ̫硣
ù᯳ϴ, ͺһ
ĴſڣѾյϢ͹ܼҲŹҵ᯳¡
ʱ᯳һ˺ɳ, һƽڻʲô, ɳĵҲţڣһｲŲƾš
ǰɳ, һͿûʲôȤֻÿζڼҪǼٿһͷȴû뵽ﻹܵ
᯳, Ʒϵƽ, ɢز붯, Щܵɳ
ǰһ˶ʱɤõҲЩ, º˵ˮʱ˵ҲЩơ
ûԹ⣬ɶҲܣ᯳˵Ĳͬһ¾ע⵽Աߣ˵ЩʲôһͷͿСݮ
룬վûס
˵ڼ棬ҲһǺۼ
һСݮλúܶȣ붼õʱֲݮʱ򵽵жôҡ
ŶЩ졣
ʲô취˲ƫҪ᯳֣õ££·Сһ䡣
˵¶Ĳĺۼ·ڸסƤϻв١
һ޲˭˶֪ʲô
ˣͣһͣô˵Ҫģ֪Ƿгˣ̸ܲ۵Сġ
ǻġ᯳¸Żһ
ûϡ
᯳ֻºؽ¥ӦûΪ˼ǼֽжҲ˿
ܲϣԼĺýý鵽ڻûȥʱ䣬ΪͰҵճ
᯳֪ûʲô԰ȴʱð˳ߵķ羰Щ档
᯳ϲ̫ڣټǰһεһȦ֮ǰ֮ĺĲûֻԼûиŹȥùܼԱӦš
ҲûǿһֻܼҴȥι۵ʱ򣬻ʱظԼ顣
Ȼõ߿Щطؽ¥᯳ȥȴȥģԼҲзִ磬ûʢ˵ĺģһ·ֻǸŹܼңŹܼҵĽ

һߣؽ¥һϰʱǰ˹˾ȥֻƽҲǰŲСĲġ
Ͼ絽Աɺؽ¥ʱؿϵĺۡ
ˣѻ飬ۼ⼸ʷһ飬Ȼ͸룬̽
ǰһؽ¥Ű˴˾ǽһϰžʹǺ۹ϰ࣬ô룬˳ŲǷǳгĽǶȥĥ
ڳ˸źŵĹȺݹϢճ칫⣬дССʤȺͬ¥㣬ͬţֻֻǼϵͬ¶иȺƽϺʲôⶼģÿȺĵĶһֻһȺĻ⵹ǲԼͬĬͳһĥؽ¥ϵĺۼ
Сǻһʱ֮仹ûӦԱղؼ仰ɵҲܷ⵽ʲô
ⲻ˭һ¾Ͷ̾
Щؽ¥ֵ¹ЩԪϵ˾㲻֪ؽ¥ʲôӣҲԲ᲻֪ڹʲôӡ
ʲô鶼һ侲ȵģϵĴżװ֮ʽȥĮǧ֮⣬һѸʽǰͺϸҪͶͱܲɽ
˼ҽεε˾Ĵ˸Ľں棬ؽ¥֣վԱŵԸ¼顣
ȻȫӵСﰵ͵ﲨѶԷ©˵˵޹ˡ
ԭͻȻ䴫ѾϢѾ㹻Щ˾þȣǰһ˾һȦǳǵϡ
˭õؽ¥óϴǰİ
Ҫؽ¥ôǿϤǶûǲװӳҡС
µԱһƬģҲǸһԹϵģȴֲþΪؽ¥ԣֳ֣ù
˭̽ʲôһֵİϢԼҲߵĻ
Ūһֻؽ¥ϵֲǽǵģؽ¥Ϊʲôϰô֪
ֻȷʵҲܺ£ļؽ¥ʱûסͣĲ
£ؽ¥ڰ칫ǰȻһ֧ﴦ񣬵֣λεǱ׽еı̧ͷһ
䲻ͻȻץ֣Ҳһ£ûûʲô
룬վûסίһ
ܣⲱϵĺۼǲǸһ¡
˵ģǽ֪Ա˼ȫںϣ⹤Чʽ˿ɲֹһǰ㡣
ôһʣؽ¥ȴûаֱֵľִ٣̹̹ء
סʲôã
ǰһڵЩˣ᯳˲ٺۼŪЩҲڳӡǡ
ƫǲԵĵط
᯳£طĺۼܿŰͷɻأһͷ̷ڸǶûطڡ
һظ֣Щҭס룬Щݹ졣
Ҳ̫ˣⲻ̫ðɡ
û뵽ؽ¥ĵĺ⣬ֵͷȥ
ҷĺۼôˡ
֣꣺
ˡ
ƮƮ߳칫ң˿ΧͶĿһȺͬ£ǰ߳ѾһȺ˸Χס
֪֪ԼǺۼ
ǺۼǲǷİ
֣͸¶һ£«ﵽʲôҩôۼʲô˼
ǰһȺѺдеˣ֣̾˿ǰ
֪ϵĺۼҲǹ¶ģû´Ƿġ
˵仰̾һԵ΢Щɣ
ʲôĿģһֻܿǵҪˡ


45 
֣⻰ЩԱһȻ, ǸһۣҲû˭Ҽװŵȥ̽ؽ¥뷨
֮⣬ӹõҲƽ
Ὺʼǰһ, һ¡
ǰ֮, ؽ¥Ƿ, ֪Ҫºͽ᯳, Լ
᯳ԼҲʵ˲٣ϾʵڲǸʲô飬ʵʵش, ؼ, ߣ´˷
ڶȥʱ, ϴСҲһë޵Ķס
ƫƫĹǼС, ϸ񣬾ôȥҲ˿ӷס
ֱؽ¥´, ȷ㹻ů֮ŵͷ, һš

һ˴ƵͷȻͻ֮ǰעؿͻ˽ʵʵĲһ, һһͷûͣ
ʲôǺͺǮ˼ң˭һϵص㡣
᯳ºؽ¥˵˵طͿһȺŻŻͲͼ, ȥʮ֡
ÿһǰͣ, вټȥ˶ס, ûʲôʵ, ĸ׬
ôһȺˣ᯳΢ջզࡣ
׻˵úˣ˶ſҪǾô·ȥôЩ
ǰһλ͵ļǸոջĿ⣬ϵĶһתͷͿؽ¥ĳ
ؽ¥ĳȻ۸񲻷ƣǴ濴Ƿǳ͵ģЩ֪ģҪΪƯĳƺš
Ⱥһ¾Ͷ
Ҫ֪ؽ¥ԼȻȦеǣЩһ˿ԾĶȶȱȲϣ⻰ҲС
ҵڣǰļÿһ鶼㹻˺Ҫ̽
ЩҪܴҵؽ¥ĿڳʲôϢ⽱ɾԲ١
ǵȵͣȣһȺһϸųǰߵ˺޲ýԼڳԱߣȵؽ¥ʱ͵һʱѻͲԷ
ȵŴ򿪣˶Źذӣؽ¥վֱӣȻǹ⣬˵ѹȸҲһǲ
˻񣬲˷ӦԸôѵĻᣬŬڡ
μⳡʲô뷨
һֱд˵ϲμӵĻôڳΪʲô
˵һвֲƷɱ;ģǷҲһԱֻһЩƷأ
ǰйŴţʱѸٳ壬ŶٴλӦʱӦĻ


һȺ˵ʻǰüҪĻͲؽ¥ûκα仯ڻشûУûԤϵֱˣתųţƺڵʲô˳
ƺʲôֵùעèȺһ¾֧
ﶼǱؽ¥˭Ҫôڵġ
εĿ⵱У᯳վؽ¥ߡ
һӣε˲û
ӵĳ£Ȼ£ܶŮΪչʾԼòĴ٣᯳Լģȷʵټ
ֻͺãƷҲãǴůҲӰ쿴ȥÿȣͳһ羰
ЩĿⶢ᯳¿룬ߵļҲѸٷӦǰվؽ¥ߵŮ˾˵Ǻؽ¥λ
λط𣿡
ǺһβμĻ᲻Щš
һγᣬҪʲôܸ㣬ֻ߸ġ
˵Ѿжʱ䣬ΪʲôٳڴҰУϲԼԸ
ЩⱻʳҲǴͬСݣí˾ǻش𣬺ûȥۣоﻰǱ˼
᯳ȻôЩȣȴ˿ûлţЩòԵ΢΢һЦ֮Ҳûпڡ
ɵӶ֪ʱ򲻻شõѡҪǵ˵һ仰شһ⣬ͻᱻȺ˸ס׷ᡣ
Ⱥ˷׷ܹøϢ̽İ֮˭ȥҪʲôġ
ؽ¥̬ҲݣȻȻǣ֣ĿǰЩǰӹż־ζ
Щ˲ɷǲɷãɻûǸӰ˸˸ףȻûдؽ¥߻ȡʲôõϢȴҲľô治ñ˽
췽Ǹؽ¥Щģӭȥк
᯳վߣ˵ʱ̬ȺͻɫҲżֺƵ΢Цȥǹɵúܡ
Ҳûģ֪ϵкһ֮󣬾Ǿ
λһһСģţĳЩղĹţڵڶš
Ȼٳ˵ǰĳϣҲó߶һ£᯼ҶûȤȻ͵档
ʱѾˣþ᯳µֱߡ
衣󣬳ỹûʼ᯳¾ʹյǰ
ؽ¥һ
ǵôأ
ô˵Ҳû˼᯳°ȥôһСʱ䣬ɫ󲻼ݵӣ֪ؽ¥϶ûп
᯳Ҳó˼ЦЦǰؽ¥׵һߣ˵
ڳ˵ĳͬתЩ˾ڲصȻҲʱ򽲣˵ҲһЩɢ˴ŵ顣
ֻ˵ⳡ˼ҺͻҵҲҪʱ᯳»ûסüͷ
ôҲˡ
ʱҵҲùȻ˵ؽ¥ףؽ¥̬Ⱦ㹻˵һУԭ˾ĺ˵ؽ¥Ҳôʱ
˼ҽͷöãҲ԰Щû֮ǰǰĶԪ˿Ҳٲˡ
鵹Ҳƽͣ֡
ⳡĶǾģ˵ˣں棬ּǡ
ڵӣֽͰ͵Ȼֵһǧ磬¶ˢڸеĻֲܷŹȻܻǮǾͰѶͳñġ
ִŵʵ˵õĳϣ֮ǰֵöôѿһƵͷƲҲ˼һ¡
õֵǮһҪȥʣµǮҲͼ˾УǸһϢĻᡣ
ơ᯳£ûס˵һ
ֳ˭Ҫ棬ֻ֮Ҫ˭Ƥ˭ܹռô
ֻҪ˲εǰҲȥǵСϷ
ǻбӦںǵġ


46 
Ȼҵ˵ĳ΢ӰЩ, ᯳»Ͼ̫ʱ䡣
ҲҺ͹μĶ벻ۣĻʱܶһͨ
ܿ, ʽʼ
еܵ˵Ǵ, ҲһεΪЧڽÿһƷʱ˵ѡ
Ʒ˳, ҲǰŹ۴ӵ͵߿ʼС
Һ͹˼óĶȻǵһ, ȴҲǰߣÿһļ۶˵ߣȻҶôͷ, ҲƷȤټ֮ǰؽ¥Ӱ, ⼸˲ࡣ
ǵÿһĳɽ۶㲻ϸߣٳ֮ǰ˵ҪȥЩǮ֮, ʣµľȫӵ˾, ֻҲǱˮн
ƫƫ᲻֪ôģóĵƷʱͻһƷԭ˵һֱĶԷɫ䶯, رרһĻչʾ
һǻͺ, ˼Ǳȴֻй˳һˣӦ̳˼ʮˣֻΪڵЩ粨, һʱ֮ĺгεڿԼͳĶûкܶʱɫɵѿЩ
ŴڴĻϣݲø
ǵòСֹ
᯳ȻҲϵĲԾ, ֻû˵, һ֮ȱȱתƿĿ⡣
ҲûΪǼɫþͣ, Žߡ
һ, ؽ¥Ĭ£᯳˺ü˵ջķᣬóĵҲ˳˺üСؼҡ
ȵɢֿ߳Ŀһתɲɵּˡ
Χż˻ụຮ䣬Ҳ֪˾ô˻ͱ׽վλøӣ˫˭˱˴ˡ
ͷ޶˻һ㣬Ҳؽ¥ʱЩɹ˳ȻЩסڼ᯳µʱɫ΢΢ԾۼߵʱɫȻ͸ѿ
Ǽ˹һ㡣
߰ɡ᯳¿ó˳ڵɫѿΪʲôȴֲǺϹᣬջĿ⿴һ
Ҳ˹˳壬ֻȹ˳סʲô϶ûб쳣᯳˵ĺ֮Ҳֻǵ˵ͷתһ鳯һȥ
˳ҪߣǰЩʲôɻûһ䵽棬ؽ¥ת⿴һ񣬾⡣
мͲ˶ʮ꣬˵ؽ¥ҪߣɶˣֻǸ񣬶ܰѹġ
᯳ֻ뿪в˵㲻ʡ
ϴ᯳£һص˵ѾȥŮԲϴԼͬʮŮˡ
Դڻ͹˫˫Ļϼ᯳£֪᯼ҵ֮󣬹˳͹̫̫Ϳʼ
ֻ׼׼ô鶼Ǻ©ǵ޹תìͷ׼
Ȼͬ鲻ʲô̫ϢȴҵһЩӰƬƵ
ֻôһǾϳ᯼ܼҵģ᯳µĸǵ͹˳ˡ
һʱ˵ǹ̫̫˳巢֮Ҳ޾ĺڡ
ôû뵽Ǹ᯾Ȼľ᯼ҵǸᯡ
˵Ľ˵᯳΢мƣʱͬѧ̤ʵֺܺÿǸʱ׷Ҳ֮һ
ֻʱûԼݣǶŹ˼ҴүͷҡΪ׷Ҳǻ˲ٹ
ʱڱ׷˺üºŴӦһ𣬺˸£̸ۼ޵ʱ򣬹̫̫ȴԸˡ
˳Ҫ飬Ҳǰ⣬ѰһǮǧСöԷֻôŮģڶԷЩҲܱ£ǹ˼ҵС
ǵʱչֳģͨ˼ͨӣ벻ۡ
Ͼ˵ͨ˼ҵĹôܸҲһֻɽǳڸ˼ĴСûȽϡ
˳ʱʢӲǵֵס˹̫̫飬Ҫ顣
ΨһЭǶ˵Ļûдٴ죬ֻ˸֤ڼ˼ϲƾˡ
ʼҲ㲻Ǹ´ʱȻûʲôҲ΢Щ̫̫ƲôϱǽǷֿסԸϵҲûʲô˵
ֻżЩ
ôչĻҲƽֻ˳屾ԾͲǸʵˣ֮ǰ׷ʱһֱΣɻܶ𽥱¶˳
һЩϵСϰߵҲûʲô⣬ͻڣʱˡ
᯳µʱ򲢲㰲ȣΪ˱סӵþĵСĺǻ붼롣
Ѱ˻סֻǹ˳ȴ̲סټԼڹ˾иò绨Ů°ţԷȻҲЩ˼һ£˾ôϡͿĸ㵽һ
ûþȻҲС
˳֪°Żе֮ʶЩң֪飬ֻǳ°Ȼвٵľ飬װί˼֮󣬵ù˳ˡ
͵͵棬һ͵ڡ
˵ҲмֺЦ̫̫˳ۣƫŮԸ᯳£ǸŮ֮ǶĶ˳ۣΪԸǲǾߥŹ˳飬һǮӵŮ˻
˳屾ͲǸ˼ᶨˣԼĸǰг°洵ͷ磬ôЩĸҲ
ȻҲ쵽˳Լ̬ȵĲ죬ֻǿʱ᯳»δ꣬ʹȵ߿顣
ȴû뵽°¹˫˫˳ô֮θڴ󿪣Ź˫˫᯳µǰ˳ʮܶ˳
᯳֮³£̫̫ͶŮûʲôøУԸѲƷȥȣֻ˼һ£װŭˣֱӾͺ͹˳飬һǮûҪǼҵĶֻʰһЩ᯳µĶ뿪ˡ
ԭȹ˳廹Ϊ˦Կģ֪ʵ֮󣬾ͳ˺ڡ
ҪǡҪ֪Ǹ᯼ҵˣҪǹ̫̫Ҳ֪飬ôܻ˵Ľϣ̫̫ҲܶӰٰޡ
Ҳǳϱ͵ᷳȻ°ͳ°˺ӻһֱô
ں᯳³µʱҲ񵱳ܲˣôɴľͺ뿪
˵Լ᯼ҵˣ᯼ҵЩҵ̳УԸ⿴ڶǷ޵ķ᯼ҵЩȥһѣ˼ͻԻֻˡ
һϸǹ˼ҵϴʧ˶ٶ˳еĺڼֱϲ
лҪ˵
СſܻӦá


47 
ֻ, Ѿ꣬ŷûκιϵѾѹ˫˫˻, Ҫ, ѾûõĻᡣ
˵ڴѾ, ټؽ¥Եʡ
᯼ҵ, ᯳µĴڣؽ¥ôŮһк¶Ӧ᯼ҵġ
ƫƫڣЩԼȥȴΪ, еİûպ޸ۻ, ڵ׼˵Ǻؽ¥ݣ֮Ĺϵ, Ŀκؽ¥Ը˼
Щ, ɵӶܿóؽ¥᯼ҵֱʣƫƫ˼黹͹䣬֮ǰ᯳ڻǵ˵治ûɵؾ˵Щ, ᯼һؽ¥ĺʱҲ˵ҵ
̳, ǳ̬ʤΪ֮£ʧҪȻô, ҪȻԼΪµʤߣǲ׼˼˳㾺Ҫ˼Ҹ̧, Ц

ȥ·, ΪſϹ˳, Ҳ᯳һЩǰ, ʱڳЩҲ㲻Ϻá
ˣؽ¥ĲڵŤͷȥ
˳ס
᯳µҲܣ̾һ֮ͳ߿Щ
е㣬ֻ뵽һЩ¡
˶֮󣬲ֿڡ
ĸڴŻβҺ裬ռôɡ
е㲻˵֣ؽ¥Ҳ֪˵˭΢΢Щû˵ֻذ
᯳ȷʵҲҪʱ˵ʲôοֻ΢΢ͷǻһ㡣
ʵСʱҲÿ춼ܼΪ˵æÿ춼Ҫü첻ؼҶǳе顣
ֻǵ˺Ҳ֪ûʱ䣬ֻǲԸѡ
˵ײѾûôںˡ
й̫̫İٰ°⵽жôˮ˳Ļ㹻ĸŮֻҪҲܻнķ
淢Щ飬㲢ǹ˳ʾģȴҲѲ˸ϵ
ؽ¥Ȼ֪˵Щ󵽵׻ʲôû˵Ķʱſڡ
ô࣬ѾûйϵˣϸҪһء
Ҳ˵͹˼ڵӣڳ˵Ȼȴѹ벻ǵۡ
Ҫ붯֣ĵõһԼı¡
˵ţؽ¥ֻͻȻһֻɱ᯳£һֻóֻһۣͨ绰˵Ļ֮󣬼򵥻Ӧ䣬˵㲻Ծ
᯳Ҳı仯ȵؽ¥Ҷϵ绰󣬲һ
ʲôˣ𣿡
ؽ¥ϻֻ˫ۣĬ룺Щ󣬵Ǽ㶯ֵˡ
ˣ᯳һûӦס֮Իعǣ˲Ѿȥôˣ
ؽ¥룬͡
᯳¶ֵˣĻһˣڳºȴѾǰյϢ·ֻԸǰòҵеˡ
ֻ֪ԼǮ£ھ˭Ǯ£ֻлܵ˲֪
һʱҲѰϵˣƭǵԼõĵطһ򾡵ģȴû뵽г˱仯벻׼ԱˣҲܵˡ
Ȼ˵ѾͨڻûһϢ
˵ҲȷʵЩף᯳ؽ¥˵꣬Щλá
⼸ôı¡
ؽ¥صȴϣ˶١
⼸ӴܣѱҪȻĹ˼ҴСѾ꣬Ҳעһ¡
Щ˵Ҳ֮ͽǽ֮ʲô鶼ĳ
˳ǰѾǼ᯳µѱǲϳ᯳¾ǵĹ˳
ǵ¼ҴҲܺߣϾͨԼ콫ǵĶй֮ڣЩΪӱܣѡٴζ֡
µʱµЩϸ᯳µڻû
ҪǼǵõʱ׷ʲôͺˡ뵽᯳ûסЦһ
ڹǶʱǰļ䶼ģģ鶼Ǻ֪ģĳɵЩͷۡ
סʱ׷ʲôǾܹǵʱֵ˵׳ʲôӣʲô˵׼ܴҵһЩ˿ȥѰĻָʹߡ
Һȷʵлɵˣֻ֤ʵڲҪ˵úڹݺһԽԽ鼬֣ڵãǼ˳ʲô֪˵֪˭ָʹˣһǳߣҶһϵóǡ
ڰ״̬ĪЩ̫
û¡ؽ¥֪˼ڰοһʱҶలŵֹ㡣
ʱ򣬵绰
ԭؽ¥ΪǸղŵʲôµ״ֻó˭֮󣬾һ
᯳µעʱҲؽ¥һҲЩ̽ͷ
Ǽֳʲô״̬𣿡
ؽ¥ҡҡͷǡ
ҡҸ״ĵ绰
ֻȻؽ¥˵ʱȴһǰ㸸֮еĸоǼ˳һ㡣
᯳Ҳǵһؽ¥ᵽԼ׵飬Ȼ棬ֻҲûп˵ʲôֻǿؽ¥ͨ˵绰

ǰи壬ֻҪѵ򿪣ǰߵ˾ߵĶ
ʲô¡
ĮںԼĸ˵էһںԼĳ˵
մȻû뵽ؽ¥һ˵ôһʱ㱻ƺԱߵĶżŭ𿪿ڡ
ʲô̬ȣ㸸ףûûСضԴ𣡡
ؽ¥ɲһףմô˵֮͸ʲôЦһһߡ
ʲôԼӦ𡣡
㣡մﱻؽ¥⻰Ǻ飬ҲϹԼԽûֻܿǿаѻŤת
˵ղŲμᣬ˲ٶ
һҵǮʲôȻҵ£ʲôϵؽ¥̬ȡ
մڲǿƽһЩ飬ſڵʱ򣬾Ȼ˵ָʹ̬ȡ
˵µĶһһĸҲϲùĸ׵գԼŰ죬һٵش͸
᯳¶⻰˵˼ֻЦ
ؽ¥ȻҲΪģ˼֡
ÿһǧмＸȫȥȲⶫͷҲԼ䲻䡣


48 
ؽ¥⻰˵ú, մԸܴ衣
ֻڵؽ¥ʱȴûһǰƣǰڳļҲֲκεĺô
֮ڻܺƤؽ¥˵ЩҲ޷ǾԼؽ¥, ؽ¥Ҳ治顣
ǳľһؽ¥ͻԸ
ؽ¥֪һεʲô, Ҳû˼ǾȥĴ, ûմ˵Щʲô, Ͱѵ绰Ҷϡ
᯳¿ؽ¥ֻ΢΢ͷ, ̽Լס
û, ںǡ
ϲʲôʥĸķĵˣű˵ʹҲܹȻҪ˼װ·ԭ, ΪԼЩ, ڿؽ¥ӣȷʵʮ΢Ķ˵ͬܡ
Ȼ֪ؽ¥֮ǰӵжôľˡ
ֻЩĵԼԸԸ⾭ҲѾΪ£ҪΪЩΪЩȥƽ, ͶЩֵˡ
ؽ¥ȻҲ᯳֪˵⻰˼, ˿ץס֣Ӧһ

˻صҵʱѾҹϴڴϵʱ, ؽ¥ſ˵Щ顣
˵᯳¾ЩЩƣȴвСĲ
ûзôһĵΪӣ͵ؽ¥Ż, ռŻᰲȵӡ
ֻ컯Ūˡ
ؽ¥ĸ׽Ī, մҲΪʲôͶ, ǶǶҲ
˸սʱҲйôһŨʱ, ֻǵȵĪķչ˺ϣմĻӾͶ
մﱾͲʲô԰һһˣ˵ֻҪǮȨʲôƯС޷ӵУǾͳĪչ˺ӣԼСˡ
־Լ¸ȴЩСҲѾĪ֡
֪ɷĪȻҲʲôžôˣѸپͺմ
ƫƫⱻ˴ֺõմͣĪͷϹҲסĪǸֲһļͥûκģɴô˵⡣
ҪʱϵãϵҲܣʱһôûУǻˡ
ɾҲزȥǰ´
մȲ£ĪԼҲǸˣȵ̣һתԼҲüȥ
벻˻飬Ҳֻܿƴ˭ԷñӸ԰ο
˾ݵ΢ѭнֹʮꡣ
Ҳ֪׷ʲôֱĳһ죬ҲʮĬغЩ˶˹ϵĸԸǾȣ˵㰲
Īʱ䵱лؽ¥ġ
֮ǰĪ绹滨Ƶظ·С⽻ܣؽ¥֮󣬾ǻеˣһʱ֮侹ȻҲܺȷ˵ؽ¥˭
մȻҲɵġ
ƫƫĪ֪Լеʱ̥ؽ¥Ѿĸ´ˣʱҪȻҲʲôɵ飬οǡǡ˼еĳ֪ˡ
Ӳմͷϵǲ͵ģĪҲֻȰؽ¥㡣
ǰؽ¥֮ȻҪӼġ
ӼĽ򵥵ټ򵥣ؽ¥ȷȷʵʵ˵ӣ˾ǿҲķ½ġ
մΪĪ¸ñӵ鱩¶͵͵ѪҺĪֻǲմΪԼĳ˽ܹ˳Լļҵ͵͵ѺӸˡ
˫¼ȴûܹõóֵ֤ݣάűĺƽﶼؽ¥ǵĺӡ
ؽ¥еʱ򣬾ͱǲԼͬĬϷҪǹ˼治ֱӶ֣ǻֱӰؽ¥Ϊ
ϵǣؽ¥ʱǿ»
ֻմĪ˵̬Ȱؽ¥ѹûһ֣ռҲѹûʲôλʱ˻硣
ûа취ֱӶ֣ؽ¥ôռȻ㲻ǿģǵѾ޵ƣв˳ĵҲϲܻרؽ¥ȥһ
Ψһ˵µžûؽ¥ȥѧ
Ҳ˵Ϊ飬ؽ¥λʦ
ʱؽ¥Ǹʮ꣬ڵӵǲ˲٣λʦѾѧʮٽݵͣһĳǼСû˶Ļᡣ
֪ؽ¥ǸۣڵʱȻԸȥؽ¥ȥȡһ
ȻĲ֪ʲô취ؽ¥Ϊļӡ
Ͻʦһ飬Щȥ˲ûһŮģؽ¥Ҳ׼ؽ¥Ϊա
ؽ¥ȷʵô
ƫƫЩûƵģؽ¥ϴѧʱϽʦȷ˰֢
屾ͲãټⲡͣȻҽְþַȣûа취
ֻ֮ȴҲϣؽ¥ܺúѧҵ˾ˡ
ϣؽ¥Ҳûйڴ
˳˳ԼѧҵˣĹ˾Ҳ
ֻմʱֲ
ЩûƤûˣֻҪǶԼõõҲ϶ץסϷ֣Լ֪Ѿܲ˵ؽ¥˳ɼҲͷ׷˹
Щˣؽ¥ȻʲôɫֻմƤҲһĺ񣬾ӵҲһֱ
Ҫؽ¥ʵĺ˽ƽϣʱһһѾûãã˺С
ؽ¥Ӷ˵ȴǼ޳ܵΪͷѪϵ˵Ҫؽ¥Ƿֱӽؽ¥ѪռΪС
᯳֮ǰҲµЩ˻ʲô飬ؽ¥Щȫ˵ʱ򣬶ٻЩ
ǵǺ޳ܡ
˼Ǳжٲ飬մȺˣȻԵ΢ôһԡ
Ȼòʲôط
ΪЩߣؽ¥ȴû˵Щʱ˵˵Ĺһ㣬ôʱ򣬻ܿճ˼ο
˵ģںǡ
û᯳˵Щʲôؽ¥ֿ˿ڡ
ңҲһֱôȥ
ţؽ¥ͻȻת᯳һʱûӦʱЩã
ؽ¥룺Щûʲô£ܲľôңһӰɡ
մ׼һݴ
֮ǰӲֻΪǼƽϣֻΪ
֤ݻûʰꡣ
ҪĶòô˵ǳͷҪǱӦĻǸǡ
ʧȥеһС
лҪ˵
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49 
ļ, ؽ¥ҲȷȷʵʵûٸռһȺһӣ᯳¶ȻҲģڵĹԼԼ顣
ռ˶̬ȿɾͲúˡ
ԭմĪ°ܱؽ¥, Ȼǰúó, ؽ¥ǣϹϵ, ˸Լıȡô
ȴû뵽ؽ¥һ㶼, ûгһһʺû͹ȫȫڳһ޹ص̬
ƫƫڵؽ¥ռ֮Ĳ֮ĿõģһʼҲû˻ؽ¥, ԭռ˴ٴĿҲԶԼҪ, ƫЩС˾ˣ˵, ζȻܡ
˫˫޸˻, Ī粻ԼԸԸ⣬ҲøŻһȥ˳µؽЩȫ
ĵڶͻ, Ȳغͳ°˵Щ¡
˵ģ°ԼŮ˵Щ, ¶Щȵ顣
˼ҺͻףɺռȴûʲôĪȻҲûȥ, Գ°ʱ֪Щ顣
˫˫Գ°ŵʱ򲻻˵ѣһȵҲǵ˵ͷ
ҿڵӣؽ¥ҲǺǹϵôõӡ
°˼˫˫ô˵, ƽ֮, ĵǺࡣ
Ӷ˵, ƺҲܹһ¡
ڹ˼ҵļҵױȻҺռҵҪǿ, ˫˫޹ȥݵܲʲô࣬Ҫؽ¥ĺռ˹ϵãЯһѣռҵƣȻҲ
ʱԹ˫˫ϱʱûĺɫǿɾ˵ˡ
ֻ
ʵ᯳¡
ȵ˫˫뿪°һ˴ڷ¡
Ȼ᯳˵˼Ҳ죬ǳ࣬ĴУ۵ǡ
Դӵ˳£ȻȻ뿪˼Һûãͺ͹˫˫ö֮ס˹˼ңȻϻûõϣܵĶһû
ɲ֦ڣʧȥԼеһС
ͻȻ䣬ֻһ졣
°ŵ˼ͻȻϣһԼ˳ֻι
ȴϵ绰ͷĬ룬Ц
С㣬þò
ŶԣڻӦý㡭̫̫
һ°˲ɫǼʲôħһûȫƽ˼ٶȷӿ
ֲֻֻ߬ԾҲûڹ˼ǰºʹݡ
㡭㲻ǡ
Ѿץ
ǱߵѾϵ°ŻķӦŲæؿڣôͲֵܼ󣬻ܰܳ
㣡°ЩŵĿ˿ſڣûʲôֻѹһûˣҪǵǮ²ܵô
˳ɥﻹڵЩ顣
ɲܹǡǱߵ˺飬ǰӵʱֲû˭֪СѾͷǴ󣬻ܻڡ
ҿɸ㣬ǿһϵƣҳ£ҲӲˡ
°Ųǲ֪£񾭱ң㵽ʲô
ܼ򵥡ҲĨǣֵܼܵһӲֻͷЩܵҪ㣬࣬һһǧС
ˣ°ԼܲµԷһγԼҪǮû뵽ԷʨӴ󿪿һӾô࣬ôǮҪȥҸ㣡
˾Ǽǧڹ˼ô꣬ɴûһԻôǮ
ЩǮ㲻С˼˲ΪãôЩСǮ°뱲ӵİȣһ㶼
Ǵˣ֪ôѡкô
°Ųʲôˣ֪绰ͷҪıץ϶Ϊ˺ôҲʱ³ɾ
ǮЩ߷õѡ
ֻһôǧټƸԼµǮҪֳһ󲿷ָЩˣͲɵþʹ
ߵ֮ؾ˺һ°Ųҧҧ¶ģУǮҿԸ㡣ֻиҪ󡣡


̸׹Ҷϵ绰֮󣬳°ȫһ˲ȫʧһ㣬̱ߵϣŴҵûƽԼƺǼٵ
Щļһ²ܿƵֱ˳
һʼͲֻһᱻʱߵСˣǧټڹϹ˳֮ԼɹϺӣһСΪԼı
ҪԼµĹ˫˫ֻһŮΪһ̥˵˸Ҳݷʮų֡
һʼù˼Ǯ˼Ҽİܲ٣Ϊ˼ͥ棬ԼǴŹ˫˫ǰҲֻǿŶıȽ
ȴû뵽ѹļƻߣ֪˳ʮСˣӶ˳֮ۿûһݣֱ˰ĸŮ˸ϳ˹˼ҵĴţǿһ
̫̫Ȼϲ°ͨͥģŲֶδ㷭ΪˣֻһŮС˸Ʋ˳ۣ˵
ԼļƻҪôһ񣬳°ŻǲģװŵҵһȺֻҪԸǮʲôԸС졣
ǰѹ˳ߣȻɱˡ
ȵ˳һȺܵıҲʱڹ˼ΨһûˣҲֵʱὫ˷ŭĸ鷢йߵϣ漫˵һ߻ܹ˳һ˿ĵ
ڹ̫̫иӣǾõĳ롣
Ȼ̽ù˳٣Ⱥ죬ĳһ죬ǳɹ˳ˡ
˳ʧٲڹ˳ǰչԼһ棬׾پù˳ƫԼ
Ҳ˸͵͵ȥץĹ˳
һСڸͥĴСһȺϣסЩҪǷ֮ĳ嶯ȴûֹǵŰͬΪŮԵ֮סĵߣֻǵĽ˳ʬ屻˷֣ĺۼЩعھС
һС˺۵ʱҵһйڣȥʮһ̵õ΢һЩ㡣
ȻۿЩ콫һϢĹ˳ӵ˲ӿĴ󺣵Уһ¾ͲӰ
飬ҲԸ
ֻû뵽ȥ˺ü꣬ǸΪѾ˵˻»Լв
°֪Ҫı֪ˣǾζԼôŬȫ׷ˣǽٻ󱣲סԼӵеһжþʧ
Ѿϰ˺Ź̫̫ôܸԸ»صһеĳ棬û統Լ
ԣǵĹ˳ڵ᯳£


50 
°ŵС˼᯳޴ӵ֪, ȷʵһ鷳°ǰ
ǾռҵЩˡ
Щһûʲô£ȴһû£ԭָѪԵϵ°ؽ¥ԩͷѪ, ؽ¥ѹһ, ǵ֮, ȴ˵Ҫ, ûһֱҵؽ¥ǰ
עһתֱת᯳¡
ͱڡ
Ϣʱ䣬᯳һʱѪ׼ҸطԸ, ˭뵽߳˾Ĵ, ͱǰļ˶סȥ·
᯳֮ǰûմĪ磬Ϊϵ, ΢˵ӡ, ʱ˳֮Ҳܲµ˵˭
ֻûմǳ嵽᯳ǰͱԱߵı֣סˡ
մΪһ, Ƥ۲һ, ƲЩԼ¹Һڵͨˣϱ͸ʲôĶһʶˡ
˵ǲһˣ˵ʱӲһģһ
Ǻ֮΢ԼƺЩ¶, մͷҽͼķԼΡ
ͷջ᯳²ʶ̧٣ֿʼ˼ӡ
ʲô˼Գ̬ȣ
ʵ, ᯳֪Ǹ᯼ҵ, ᯼ǰѹ벻, ᯳Ҳûаֹǵ顣
һǾ᯳ôҲǸʮС, żмֱ²ĳɹΪؽ¥
Ȼؽ¥Լӣô᯳¾ϱйԶϱĵ
ĪȻҲΪġ
᯳ֻԭûǷ֪Ƕؽ¥ûаֺӡڿƤǰڳĿ;÷Ц
ǵȻҲܻͿġ
᯳¿մһ㶼͵˶ʸ񱻽гģҪ˾ϣ˵ȥǻᱻЦġ
㣡մû뵽᯳¶ǾȻ̬ȣǰ׼һ¾ûôЩ޴֧֧ἷ˰仰֪˭ҿؽ¥ףĹ
ԭΪ᯳̬ⷬȻı䣬ȴû᯳˺ʲôЦһЦ
˵ʲôؽ¥ĸס
˵ˣҾȥԺһȦмʮ˵Լйϵģϼ
᯳˵׼ؽ¥˵Щ֪ʱһ΢һɫǻܵű
ǵ΢ˣҲ̬ȡ
ⷬҲȷȷʵʵմ
һΪԼһͷСѾͷڳԷ̣մɫһ¾ѿУԱߵĪҲƲ᯳Ļ̬дźմһ뷨ʱĿڡ
һſڣǿ̱ζ
˵Ҷôڶһ㶼ûļӣԭǱˡ
Ҳԣ˵ֻһ裬ûиļͥŮҲʲôö
һ˲һţմﻹĪֻûһ˾ؽ¥ڶǵ̬ΪԼȷʵʲô飬Ϊһڱϡ
֮ǰжιΪؽ¥ĹβʲôТ˳ĸڼؽ¥᯳½飬һСʲôӣؽ¥Ǳ˶ӣһ֡
ȴû뵽᯳»Ĳʲô۸ӡ
˵⻰ʱĪ绹΢΢ͷ·ҪԴ֤Լûۿ᯳µӡ
ҿɸ㣬Ϊؽ¥ʲô˲ģǲ׵ˣֻҪ飬㻨ٶ࣬ҲøҹԹԹ
˵ֱ׳̬ҲΪĸ߸ϣĪΪԼģܹס᯳£ȴûӿȥŸǸЦ
ϲŸ߸Ьվ᯳ǰʱ΢ôһ㣬ָ̬߰ԱСһ㣬ټ˵ǻǱЩס
ŵ治ʲôǮ˼ҵĹ̫̫էͲ֪ߵغһ㡣
ͷ˵ԼռƵѾˡ
ˣ᯳ʼе˼ػ䣬ɼǻӣԼЩġ
ܻƾеĸоմȴǴ˶ֻôСһ
Ҫȥ᯳¶ûԼ˻᲻ɵ
ԣǵҪ᯳ʵڶıûȤɴѻˣл˵û͹Ըﶪˣһû
⻰˵մȴ֮ŵؾвɹˣԭѿһɨ⣬ֻ֮ǰǷݵ
Ҫܼ򵥣Ȼһˣؽ¥͵ö⹫ϺǵĹϵ
УһˣЩҲǼҵĲŶԣ֮ڰĹ˾ȫǵ¡
մ˵ţĪĿ´һ᯳¹˾ӣմհԭĥõĻ˵ͼ͵شҴҽӻ
УȻѾؽ¥ˣЩҲǼҵģСѾͷƬӶʲô˾ӪҲ˾תҵ£۰ܹܣҲ֪ʲôŽܼҡ
Щ˵һһף᯳ԭΪٹҲմ绰ͷ˵ȴûһʨӴſ
ʲôûװռеĺô˵ôֱ׳ƤʱҲˡ
⻰ʵڹ֣û᯳ٿ˵Щʲôм䱣̲ס˿ڡ
ǣˣƾʲôҪԼĶ㰡һǣȫԼķУûֻܶű˵Ǯ𣿡
㣡մû뵽һԼƲϵıȻ˵Ļ˫۵ʲô£ʲôʸǰ˵
ѵ˵𣿡᯳ڣó飬ôûأ
ҾЩ˴Ӹղŵڵб᯳֣ԭȻΪǻʲôĴ㣬Ѿˡ
νƶûУֻΪסؽ¥ԹõĻСӹҼҶ߼а˵
ˣﲻôȡֵĵط᯳ʵǲȺоﳳȥͱҲˡ
ԭԷ˼Ⱥ˽ͺȻ޴棬᯳˵⻰֮Ҫתߡ
ռ⼸᯳ش᯳֣ڼĿûдɣ᯳»Ҫ߿ʱЩżҪȥ
ҪչҲæǰסǣֻǱȴˣ֮䣬ԼײԽ˹ȥ嵽᯳µǰ
᯳¾ôԼǰܵԺҲ˲˼̫࣬ôһץס֡
᯳Լû뵽ܹƹһʱľ֮ͱܵҪѡ
ֻϵһĴ᯳¸տʼͼ˼¶ûܳɹʹһźòƣ˼
ɻûվȳ׷Ӧ۽ͿһСͻȻ֮˲Զٶȷɿس߶ֱײ
һ鶼һ˲䣬ȵ˶Ӧ᯳¾Ѿ˵ϡ
ڻ֮ǰԺһͷ
ʹ


51 
Եʶĥ֮, ᯳һʮΡ
ֻ߸»عһԼһ㣬Щ֮ǰ벻ģĶ, ʱȴĸ˳
˵, ¹ǰЩ
ʮ߰, ᯳, Ҳǹ˼ҵĴС㣬Ϊƽδ֮Լ޴ıʡ
תĳһ硣
ԭӦù˾û, ᯳¾Լ˼, ȴû뵽쵽ſڵʱ򣬾ͼİŮվſ, һվ΢΢ǰ, ں˵
߽ЩҲȻȻشĶ
ô˵Ҳǹ˼ҵĺӡ
ţ˫˫, ôҲӦýӻع˼ú
֪ҶԲ, Ǹ鱾ǲܿƵģҲ֪ԣҲûʲô, ֻͺӵߣûҲԼԸġ
֪϶Ƕôȥˣ鶼ѾΪӡ
Щ, ϵѿ, ײ᯳Ҳ޴Ϣס, ԭ߻ȥĽŲôͣ
һİŮ, £ϴŵǸĳѧУУվ˵ŮߣŵһίӣüۣҲܿó͹˳мơ
ѧУΪЩɼãȴʮǮѧģܹѧ˾ûˡ
ڿղ˵Ůϣ·ΰǴƣӹҲ
ʲôаµɵ𣬼Ļ棬֪ҲѾ
˫ճȭȻɿ᯳ڣȥ
Ҳ̰ĵˣֻһסһ𡭡°ŶɫѿûзꤵĻ˵ţԱžҪ޳Ůӣ·Ӧǵ뷨ʲôʮһ㡣
ܡ᯳´ǵıͻȻڣһ
Ҳû뵽ʱ֣鵱жЩȣ˵Щʲôֻ죬һʱҲ֪˵ʲôȽϺá
᯳ڼ˵Ŀ̨ףվߡ
˭һˣ˼ȻӶൽסҲʲô˶ʸġ
ֻϾ̫С̫٣ôĸŮȻв죬ȴ˵ʲôݻһ仰˵֪һô
ʱѾӦû᯳¼ͷһתĿǰĸŮˡ
ţԣù˳ˣǰȫʵʵˡΪʲôǰš


°ŵĳ᯳ϵһεĴƣЩ޴
ټ˳壬ȴڼ֮
᯳𽥳󣬹˳ڼеʱҲ̣֮ǰĽڶ˵æڹ˼ҵĸ⣬ʵûʱڼչŮ
ֻھ᯳¶֪˳岻æڹæڳС
λȻѾ֪˳°ĸŮ飬ֻĶԳ°ģһܡ
᯳͵͵ǽվűߣ˵ȫ˽ȥ΢΢ͷذ壬ֻøƿЦ
Ź˳ŽָʮСˣתͷ°ŵ޹ȥǵء
ûʵҪ˫˫ͬԼŮϾ
˳˵ˣٶྭһʮ»̥ܶһӣ˰ô꣬ô˵Ǹռ˱˵ˡ
÷̡
Ϊһ֮ɶôƿЦҲӦȴû뵽ڵѹһף˳һ֮ǲɢ
˳ȥʱûע⵽᯳¡
᯳վԭؿŹ˳ӰʧȻ߽˷䣬ڡ
裬ɣҺߡ
СƲϵĹ̫̫ҲƲϹ˳ס
һ˶ӲһҪжϣҪΪνİλòίȫҪĿԵĻ治ԸһԼĸס
Ϊ̰ͼ˼ҵЩνƸΪŰȰίȫ

Ȼ᯳£û뵽Ļµ̶ֳȡ
ԭӦؼҵ˾ڲ֪䱻һȺ컯֮½ߣһֿС
ֿⲻ̫󣬿տյģûͨ͸Ĵֻżͨϸխŷ͸Ĺжڵǰ컹Ǻҹ
ǲֿΧʱʱˮ
ֻߵʱϵĶȫߣڳϴŵ·֮⣬Ͳʣʲôˡ
Ǽ콫ܹҲ֪ܻúöԴΰһϣ˵޷ѵ
᯳֪ȺָʹԼҲܲµó˭µ֣û֤ݣֱطȺСÿǰ¼˵׼ÿҲι˼ˮȷ֮󣬾ͽʲôȤСһ㣬衣
˺ۣ޷ԼվҪϵ˿ڻʱ޿ɢʹѾԲѾôһ
һڶݵıϢΧӵѺ󣬲ŵһμЩˡ
°š
Ȼ챻ϳţ°ȻûίǸִƣŲһ˫߸ЬֿУޱȡ
ΪԼʤߣ°ŵͷʱǷݵ˿Σ
ûпڵӣĺǱ
ƵĻ᯳ʲôЦһЦһ
ǻǰ͡
СʹֶΡ
ûл֣̿ûη壬ûг°뿴ģʹĵĻ棬ƫŸջ
°߳ŭһƾô˹İӡżֻۡ
С˵̫ǻԿͷġ
᯳˫ֱ󣬱һƺȻҲ£̧ͷų°ţЩȴּ˵
ôҪôˣڲžñ˵Ļˣ
Ҳܲµõ°е뷨
ԣΪλԸʮ޷ֻᱻСʲô߳ܵ飬֤ŬϽ
ͿЦ˵ǳ͹˫˫Ҳֻܺƭ˳һˣС͸˵ĻĶУȻܺʲôط
ܻԸĻ
°û뵽ʱ᯳¾ȻԼԣɵЩգһƣתһ뵽᯳½³о΢ƽһЩվЦؿ
ˣܿҪˣǾӲһ䡣
˵꣬°ֿ̧˿ϵʱ䣬ӻֽ⼸Сͷͷ˹
ϽҪڡǮѾǵ˻УϽߡ
˵ţƵﳤȥ
Ǽ°˵ĻͷĻкһԱߵСܾǰЩһ᯳ֱµ⿪֮һһҼ߳˲ֿĴš
ɫƷӿһͼһ۵绮ʣ漴һ
ŵһ֪Լʲôط
һߵķֿ⣬ǰһЩͷͿӿŵĺˣֵĽʯ
ҪȴѣЩ˴ϣͷǸʱԼһ֧̣һں³᯳£֮󿪿ڡ
Сأ㵹ùҲǮ£ҪǻţֵܼҲʲôùӳԡ㵽ܵظͶ̥ʱǵãⱲùС
˵꣬ͷ˻ӻ֣ղһֱվԱûжһ˹ϲ֪ʲôʱһذףɴسͱһ
һֱץ˳ƽȥ˴󺣵С
Ȼ½ʯ᯳ܲһȻ㲻ûֱײȥںС
ȻζҲܡ
ĿڴѪںˮɢˮ˿ڽӴִһֵʹֲӾֻܿԼܿƵ³
ԺˮļѹеĿܿʧֻܸԼڲͣ½ɢ
ĵһ㺣ˮ¶ңԶǴһ紫ġ
Լͻطȥ
Լڿסʶɢǰһ˲䣬ȴһһӰ
һЩ׾ȴʵʵŬҪˡ
μһ˲䣬ǿ˵ò
ؽ¥


52 
᯳ֻ֪û¼ɥһ, ؽ¥˭֪֮ǰȻʶġ
˵ԭʵǳ򵥣᯳µѧԶһѧ, кüѧ, оؽ¥һ
ؽ¥ʱ򻹲绽Ĵ, Ϊ, ҲǵڿʱЩְ
˵Ʒİ﹤
һڽֽǹСƷ꣬ؽ¥֮ǰ, ֻϰһæ, ȵؽ¥֮ϰ巢ʳز, ҲЩġ
Сķֹûôȷ, ؽ¥Ѷ˾ͻϰдˣ̲ѧҲ, Ҳûôæ
ǡ, ᯳ϲģһƷʵͻ
ֲסУÿ춼˾, ѧܻҵԵģһ
ؽ¥ﻹûһڣѾ᯳Ϥ

Ȼϲʳ, ᯳ҲʲôƷϲ, ĲƷԶЩ, ϲҵԭ򱾾Ķûô
ֻԼû뵽, ؽ¥ôְѧĶθڡ
ؽ¥ѧڵĿγ̻ȫ磬ĩ͹յڵڸɻҲǡ᯳ѧŻؼңһѧڵڵʱҪɣҲŲؽ¥
ȵؽ¥Ѷö˳һڷź֮Ҳͻһ߿š
̨ƫߣ᯳һɴ˫۷ǰ棬ͷһſԱߣؽ¥ڡ
ؽ¥ⱾµǺ˭ѧģҿֲͬϣôľûĺóԡ
ˮ¥̨ȵ£᯳Ȼܵһʱ򵽸ճ¯õ㣬決Сɿڣһҧȥ㣬ÿһ̫һھȫ꣬ټζԺüЩ
ؽ¥ʱһɾĨϸµزŹ̨ӣղһСŪмȫôʣŤͷһۡ
Լĥģ˵ôš
᯳¾֪ôشϲԣֹֻסֹ
ϲĿζż򵥣ֻϸһҪ٣ڹ˼ʦһҲ̫ɾҲûһĵǺġ
ҪЩʦ֪ôߵĹĥ˺ö궼ûɹסζ±һְѧˣ²ǵõɺࡣ
뵽⣬ûס̾һ
˵ģһͦҼרŵҼҵĳʦġ
ֻǻ˵꣬˾Щɥ
˭㻹ǸѧҲ̫ίˡ
Ȼʵϲؽ¥գҲʲôΪȥǱ뷨ˡ
ڵؽ¥Ѿҵˮƽһ㣬û̫ҰģŻĻ˼ҹ
ֻڣؽ¥ʮͷϴѧͣĶǡôȫȫϲԵģ˵Ҳһݼְ
ĽͻֿܣôҲ˽Ϊһ˽ȥеδ
ؽ¥ðѶʰãϴֽϲˮȫõ֪ʱתǧصĥ˶飬ʲôֻӣܾһֻʲôίСһ㡣
˳ĳɢյĹǶ˲һƵЩһûסһ¡
᯳ʱ겻ؽ¥ԼĳʦרŸԼԵģ䲻ؽ¥ôһͷûӦжãȻؽ¥ûʲô״
ûڣͿؽ¥һֻֽһװŶ͸ƿóǰһӾͳɹעתˡ
ʲôƿӣԼǰҿֻĶҲװ治ܿʲôؽ¥֪ʲô
ؽ¥ջ֣ǡ
˵Щõһ£Ŷ䡣
֮ǰ˵ǿǻ̫ˣ¸䷽Ӧܺζ
ô˵᯳Щ⣺ҡȳһţ
ƿӣ浹һţǹװĲֽֿؽ¥󣬽ǹ
òϣؽ¥ʱܻƭˣϣûƭ
治֪ʲôһڹζǹζûôأζ˵ǡôгԵʳĿĺ㣬ҲΪǹ̫JſڸֲʸҲȫȻûС
ֻǵһŵʱ򣬾ؽ¥ڡ
һһţ׼ԶࡣҼ
᯳£

֮ǰ᯳Լûܺؽ¥ѡ
ɺϵǣؽ¥ͶĴѧ᯳ϲһӸ˵ǶĴڣ᯳ĳɼͲɸ߶ʱ㣬ӲҲи
ʱؽ¥ûôæҲǰæô䡣
᯳ʱͷĹƻĳԾϵѹ⣬ɳ°ŵ鷢֮˼ͲЩƫơ
ʱЩĲɡ
ؽ¥ʶôЩʱ䣬˹ϵ£Ȼͻ쳣ϵı棺ôˣһֱĵӡ
ⲻʻãһЩ¸ǲܿƵı˳ԽԽǰԾðۡ
˵ˣһ£ѹͲͣ
ؽ¥ڶҲ֪ļͥ״ʱദ£ؽ¥ҲΣڸûˣҲͼ򵥵ذ˵һ顣
ѱĻ¶᯳ִںһؽ¥Ϊصʲ裬ž泩Щ
ֻؽ¥˵Щ֮üͷ΢΢һ壬Ȼ㲻Ͽġ
ѵԼǶԵģ
˭֪أ᯳Щûй˼һһУҲǣž͸һЩ
ǲԼʲô£ǴˣҲǱ˵ΰɡ
ǼЩǮ˼ңЩ̤ʵƺʩ˿䣬Ǿͻ˭Ǯǵľһ߸ϵӣǱȲϵľŽӽֺıȡô
Ҳÿĸڹ̫̫ƫϹ˳Ļڳ죬ӽϣŲ᳤ᡣ
˵ҲǺЦǹ˳忴úÿԼչ׷󣬿ɵȽڹ̫̫ɿҲͲǲ̰ͼǹ˼ҵĲƲг°ô˳ܹΪ˵ĿЦĵĴڣ˵һҵĵ
ֻҪϹ˳ܣﻰⶼָ춮£˳ģıۻ鲢ϲ˱׷жֻ֪ԼǮҪŵ̫̫
۱˵һ֮Ķ÷ơ
뵽᯳վûסˣҲֻԼ㹻ǿ󣬱ǻҪǿŲǷ


53 
һ⧲, ᯳±ͻĳײˤڵϻ֮ڳ˶Щ¡
ӳĹ, һ˷ܲ, ųȥ, Ӳûü·ĳӳŴ, ѸƷ˾ѳϨͣ£˸
ռʱֻŸ᯳, ȴû뵽ǣĿһֳ, һңҪܡ
һ, ŵ㲻Ŵëһץһ׼, ʣǸҪסǲߣ£ǶֻԼ, һѲƶĺɫĬ
Ȼܽȫ, мأ˶ֻΪԼʣĪ类ץס˾
ؽ¥֪ʱڹ˾, էһ᯳³£鶼ûϣֱԼٸϵҽԺ
ʱҲѾſڣ֮Ҳֻǵ˵ͷ, Ավһλ, ǰѯ, ҲʶȤûʱᵽݡ
үӺϷ, ϢܲˣʱȻҲҪٺؽ¥һ
Ȼżȴסûʧ̬ӵԱߵľ΢Щ档
ôЩ꣬ЩⲻڸִССк˴򽻵ܺ߼ǿƲסؽйġ
˶Ƶóǵĵģȴܿסû˵ټ
ֵһСʱҵĴŲű򿪡
ҽ߳ʱ򣬲ؽ¥Ķһ£Ҵҵش
Ǻءҽ⻰һڣ΢һ㣬Ȼһ͡
򵥵˵᯳ȻʧѪ࣬ҽԺȵļʱֲʲôϡѪͣѪҲô⡣ϵ˵Ҳ̫أȹ֮⣬طȻҲǳ£ЩƤˡ
ֻҪʱ侫ĵչˣڰҽпָˣҲ˿ʲô⡣
ȻʲôʱѣҽҲ˵̫׼
ӣؽ¥΢һ
ͬϢУؽ¥һ鵽ͻ᯳£ź˵ԼĹ
ͷ컯ռݳײˣײ˵ǰñͨӷײĻ˵ܹĵùǸ鲻ܴʲôǶ˵ʶ϶ӡ
ؽ¥Ϊ᯳µļȻҲҪǵϣҲ֪
ֻ룬ǾԼҽԺ᯳£ؽ¥ȥ˽
Ȼûؽ¥ķӦҲ˵ͷͺ;һȥ
˵ֵʱ򣬵ͱǸͷӻű¼ؽ¥ûˣǡúռҼײһ
᯳¹˾ſڵļھ쵽ʱѾһݴ˻ѭĪ绹меĻ棬ռ˵ھһطϷ롣
˱ʱ˭һӣռ浱˸߸ָӱ˵ˣէһֵطûӦŴǣҪʵʵϣӵ˵Բʲôýܵġ
ƽſˣȻͬʱȴһģһġ
ؽ¥û߽ȥϵ
ʲôʲôʸǴƵط
ʲôʲôʲô
֪˭𣬸ңŲǿͷģ
ң·ⲻ𡣡
ȻɲĵطľʲôûǵҲǾ㡣
ؽ¥֪Щ˵ıԣȴû뵽ǻܴӡ
һ߽ȥ˼档
ءؽ¥մһ߽ؽ¥˫΢һ£ʱȴתķɿ죬ץ˾һҪ
Īؽ¥ֺҲǵõʲôźһ㣬˫һ£ҲûԱߵľ죬Ҫؽ¥߿
һڣĸоӿ
ôڲŹ֪֪ǱȺ˴೤ʱˡ
Ұ鴦ֵطһҶܡ
Ȼؽ¥ιҪæǴط̳ȥģ氲ȴֲ̫ƽ޹ʶί
ؽ¥ǵĺ޳ᣬֻƳһ֮תԼߣԱߵľ˵仰󣬼Էͷһ鳯ߡ
ռ˻ǸͷǴӦǻȥϵЦݵЩصһ۸ղһֱǵľ죬Ŵҡ뿪úôһǵ
ȴ뻹û߳ȥֱ˰
ʲô˼Ƕǵ˵ǻȥ𣡡ЩҲסָؽ¥Ϳڡ
Աߵľ쿴ӣ͸һ㣬һؽ¥ıӰһƿڡ
Ǿ֣㵱ʲôطأͽͳ
Щصİ참Ա˭֪ؽ¥ϵΪܺ߼˽ⰸģ˵һͿײ˵ǼһʲôϵҲԲʲô޹ʱǣ·ˣؽ¥ҪǿѣŴˡ
һߣؽ¥λһյСӣѾһλڣһʼ˵¡
᯳³µʱؽ¥ֳѯҲ࣬һЩ⡣
Щؽ¥ԶʲôʵʱҲʮ̹ϣһͨʱҲ˽Ĳˡ
ײ᯳µĻͷѾץʣµǼӳĻҲûüԶץǻ鲻ؽ¥ֲģմǡ
һˡ
ؽ¥ɲʲôͱһһҪĴ˵ԭµһε¹ȻմһͣҪȡ᯳ܵǰһֱȡ֣ʱ᯳¾ͲǸطҲͲڵЩ顣
Ҫ׷Ļȴе˶Σ˵ҪΪ˺ϵԭ򣬵ȵؽ¥ʱ˵Ѿ뿪ˡ
ؽ¥ʱѾԶԴ⼸ˣѡһ취
װռ֤ݵU̽죬ǵı
ʱմǲӣƼҪ˵
Ȼûгɹ
ؽ¥һһûиǷµЩݻЦһ֮Ժ
մѾûʲôҪ˵ĻռעҪĽҲǰԤ档
һ֪ԼЩСѱصʵʵСеȻ֤ԼЩ鱻һǳ¶£пűֶӵеĶǵעȫԼ
Ľ˵Ž̡


54 
ļʱ, ͨ˶ԣֱǼ֤һʢ硣
᯳Լ˾ſڱ˿ײԺϢسô̫Ӧ÷˲͵ȼ˵İ֮
Ȼ˵ⲻ˻һЩˮͼģߵ, ؽ¥, Щ˵С̻ûʼѾ̥С
үӺϷվûбס, ڶʱҲٷ, ᯳ûʲô󰭣ⲻ˼»û˵Լ塣
ǸֵĻͷҲ㲻ʲôӲͷץ֮ǱϱѶ㹻˵, ʵʵȫˡ
εǰ᯳ͨµ, Լ֮ǰһЩҲȫ¶˳
ΪԭȴŰ᯳ӳ°ǱõǮƣ֤, ֤֤, 참һ¾ͼӿ˲١
賿뵽᯳СҲȫץ˻ȥ
⼸ͬӲ֮Ҳʵʵȫ˳ȥ
, ֤, °ȻҲͱ˻ܵ顣
ʱĳ°Ż֪Ǹͷӳ᯳µжչһֻ뵽᯳³ʧ֮Լܷ⣬е, Ϊڴǰ˷˵ǱĬ£˸˲˼ҷСȲ졣
ŰߵҲôЩȫĿá
ȻȻͳ˴ڳԵĵڶϣŶʮǰ˳ڳҲȫŰ˳
͹˳ʱ˸֪˷˵׽ʲôʲôȻԸԼ᯳ºٹʲôϵ, Ҳ΢Щ
ЩԹ·ֻ֪˳Ѿ˼Ȣؼ֮, ˼Ҿðٰ, ˳ڳ, Сڶʮ꣬С˾شСˡ
˫˫һֱСڲص˽ŮҲعڴڵĿ£֪ǰ£ͳ°ĸŮʮľҲһȫ˳Ϊ˲෹̸ʡ
Ĵڿû֮ǰôúŪ°ܰԼΪװ氮˳ƭתôǸ֪Ļɫֶռ˱˵ɷıȡԼĶܺƤܵ˼˾ǰҫ˼ҺӺ
˫˫Ϊ˽ŮСԼĸ׵Сٻ󣬲ΪܷΪ٣ڹ˼ҴС㱻Լĸ׺ֱ֮׳İõס˼ңǧСĴ
ûһ޹ġ
˳͹̫̫ȻҲûܶùڵĵС
ϾҪǹ˳ԼûǸ˼°ǸЩĻҲԲɹ
ڹ̫̫ŵģֱǶŵĵ䷶ס˳ҪѱȢţǾͽеŭͲȫкԼĶϱŮϣƽһɫûиǣڹ˼ҴС㱻˰ܵʱܹһ㣬ﰵ˾Ľչ
ûãԭǸ˷Ļ뿪󣬾ȲĨȥĸŮ˴ڹĺۼ
ڴڵУʵʵڵĿ¡
ϾڴҶԣϱͶ̸ʣҲǮ˼Ҳкͬķ¶Щǹֻ˼
˭ϣ鵽Ȼݱӡ
λ˼ҴСֻǸŮӣԹ˼ҶԲǶӾͲ䵱̳ߣô˵Ҳڹ˼ҳģ˼̳ȨЩ֮⣬˵ҲһЩԡ
ɹ̫̫͹˳ƫƫ˼ұܣ˵һҪ׷鵽ףȴ󵼵鵼´õľԮʱûã͸·һĮԣ·˼Ҵûйһ㡣
仰˵̫̫͹˳ҲǺİס
ҲЩ˳뵽͹˫˫ϣ̫̫͹˳᯳׵ϣ±쵱вʲôͻģһˣͱ΢
ʱ۷׷ףƫƫûһ˾᯳Ŀܺ͹˳ʲôϵ
İ֮⣬᯼ҵʵԾǹ˼ʲϵĴڣΪ֪͹˳Ǹ˾ΪҾͨű壬Ȼ˾ʲô᯳ֺʲôصġ
ԴҰ鷭ܾЩ˼ãĥһбȽϺĽ͡
ͷδҲû֮ǰô񼫣᯼Ǯӣ᯳ƽָ͵Ӳ£ûи׶˵Ҳֵ⣬ڹ˼Уץʲôɳ֮һ㡣
ŮֻжӲ䵱̳˵˵̫̫͹˳˶᯳Ҫ黹治һΪ᯳ºλѾȥĴС㳤ƣǾ᯼һûк͵ںˣǰҥºϹϵȻ˳ƳԾ
°һεĶֹҲֻ飬ĵû˳ǵ̬ȸǺ£Լı¶ֻգȴʯͷԼĽš
һ˵Զȷʵؽ¥ϣĻ档
һߵռңҲ㲻ϰ
մӷ˵ȷʵû취Ƕ᯳ʲô̫ĳͷؽ¥ȥ֮͹ʾԺֻҪǺմˣҪزҵκκ
ؽ¥¹˾漰ʤټ֮ҲſڰǻЩģҲ֪ܵ˭
ԭȻռЩȫɫһģΨֱ֮ҲȻֹռҼҵױûǮԭָŰǮͶĿȵЩĿɹ׬ǮǮͶȥĿˣԼֳŲʴʵǮôˮƯ
޶£˾о;ٲά衣
Ȼռҵ³Բֹڴˡ
մΪԼ֮ǰʮ˸飬Ҳǲصúûܹģسǰؽ¥Ѿ߰˰ˣص֤ҲѾѼ˲٣뿪ǰ˾˳࣬˳ҵ˸ණ
ǰڹ˼صİԱ˰Ƥ۵Ĳ֮ռҼ˾ͳŵȵ㡣
ţ߳°һǸߣҶϸϸѰһ飬ûгװᣬϸ⹫жʱɲ͵͵ڵģ֪˲
ǲ֪⼸˵ΪʲôץСӶ֪϶Ƿʲô¡
ռҵĹ˾Ϳҡҡ׹մҲץˣ˾ԱҲĻ̻̣ʱ䣬˳ɵ˾Ѿ׼ˡ
ǰǰҲʮʱ䣬ɷӵǿϢȴǹ˺üꡣ
᯳֪Щ飬ǽɱ֮ڣߴϿ


55 
᯳ĵڶѾ˹, ֮ûг𵴵״һƹ۴˺صʯ⣬طûʲô, Ͼô, ҽҲʱú
᯳ҽԺס˼, ҽȷûд, ֻҪʱ֮󣬾ͱ˻
ԭǴӻ᯼Һúֻ᯼ҴʱΧвٹ͵, ȶԻؽ¥İʩΪһ, ǻǻؽ¥Ǳߡ
ǰг˴ľţдʯӰж, ᯳ֲԸʱʲô˵, ÿҲֻ
˼ҺռҽЩ˶ֻǲ෹̸ʣɶڲ乴̫õĻ䣬ؽ¥ЩӰ쵽, ἰ, ҲֻܿӻЩۡ
̬Ǻãһ㶼ѹ
ǸӦûḡֳʧѾǰɢ, ڿŹ˼Щڵڿű˰ԵݣֻһİһСǡ
Ϊ֪, øӵĺЦ
ô˵, ˼Щ³, ֻ, Ҳܣ᯳Ҳ˶ȥͬǡ
΢ע֮û̫Ȥ·ǴԼгʧӰһ㣬Ӿͼʲôʲô
ܳȥǹ˾Ҳڼ洦ؽ¥Ҳ˳ûгȥڼ
Ҫʱ·߱¥Ѿʲôؽ¥֪ô͵ȼ³˼ЩǱŷظԵġ
ʶʱ᯳ֻ֪ؽ¥ı²ֱڲ֪ĶҲѷɫ
ҩţζʮֿɿǡô
᯳³һ㶼ϣֻؽ¥ӣлǴЩȳҲҪǿ߽Ա߿ؽ¥Ķ
ʱؽ¥ѾæһѾţϸӣתſʼʣµ߲ˡ
Ѿϴõ߲˱ؽ¥޳ָʵڰϣһֻŵÿһµѸ׼ȷû᯳оַЩ˾ѾƬƬ˿˿װ汸á
ؽ¥£Щ߲˾ǳ˾һʲôʱǱְַȵӣ᯳¿ŲЩ
Ͳţؽ¥ôˮôͲˡ
ڣؽ¥ǲЩġ
ԭȫ׼֮ؽ¥˳ȥ۰ڵȻͿʼˡ
ľ͸ڣվ̨ǰֻͨļҳˣضôƾͺͱ˵Ĳͬ
᯳¿ʳڹбؽ¥һٷ죬ȵζɢٱؽ¥ʢһߣʱ;θڴ󿪡
ؽ¥ȵؽ¥жãȰĲǰãٰЩȫ˳ǰ᯳¿˿ǰĶֿ˿ؽ¥ûסڣʵǲ͵͵ȥʦˡ
ܲؽ¥Ҫûпʼ⣬ʹ㵱һͨͨĳʦɣ
úóԷ˼롣ؽ¥˵ʲô͸ܲµʲôʢ÷ķǰ
᯳ֿ˿ֻܲ鲻ԸŶһʼԷ
ȵ֮ںóԵĶĹ£֮ǰЩ˼Ҳȫɾ
һ緹Ե㣬᯳ɳһֻ΢Ϣһ£űؽ¥¥ȥ˯
ڿյ¶ȵúãŴɴ赲ԭֱֱսеĴҲ˲٣ڴϣؽ¥ߣ˯Ҳ
ֻؽ¥ȻڼУĹҲһ٣ȵ˯Ѳŷؽ¥֪ʲôʱѾ뿪
һʱ䣬ҲѾˡ
᯳ȻǸţҲûĲԼһ˾Ͳеĳ̶ȣ΢һ֮Լ·Ź¥
ڵҲֻڴ滨԰ֵطҲǿȥģŹôҲȲ˫ŵϰ⣬йһСȦ֮Լ˻
ɳϢʱ᯳µĿⲻ仮λãͻȻһԭҪǵС˼һ¾˳
ؽ¥ʱ򲻼Ӱڹʲô£Ҳû˭ģ˼һЩȲǿžͱQ˳
ڵĶ٣ＸʲôĶУ᯳һ򿪱䣬ƼĶ͸оЩΪѡ
ҲҺЩҪǰĶ⻹ЩٳɵĶ᯳һѶҳһԲ
ؽ¥ǰΣһСӵԲԺлһؽ¥ⶫĲ裬ԼӦҲû⡣
ͰҪʳȫ˳ӿʼ
ֻ³˵źѣ˶ٶôһ㣬ƫƫЩһϲͨ
ɲɣ᯳»ӵˡ
ؽ¥ԭ¥ϰ칫էһܼᵽ᯳Լܵ˳Ƥææ¥ǰ󲻹ķӵʱ䣬Ӿ͸һ
Ϊף᯳ʱɵվ̨ԱߣӻûзӦʲôղŷֱ߷õĹҲ֪ʲôʱԶ
ǰ̨һƬңղŷմɹҲ֪ʲôֱķѣɢɢΧ
ЩһԲҲˮһһء
Ҫ֪˹£ǾԲܹµõ᯳¸ղŵʲô
ȻûһȫըˣʰҲԲʲô򵥵顣
ؽ¥ںС£ֻƼ᯳ӣһ䣬µǱߵ᯳µǰûӦְֱ
˿ɳϰؽ¥¼
úüһ֮Щε̾һ
㰡㡭
ҲЩ΢£ڼе·ҲʵЩȻⲻЩˮõϣܲˡ
ֻϾûôãֱ̺һƬѿƬһӡ
˿ڲ̫󣬵ѪһЩ¡
᯳Ҳ֪ԼˣҲҶ˵һֻСһ΢΢壬ֻҵͷȻ͵ؽ¥ķӦ
ƫƫŪؽ¥ûƢˣ̾һת򿪿Աߵһӣҳһҽҩ䡣
ԭⶫҲֻǰϰ߱ڼУûôû뵽Ȼʱó
֡ǵ᯳º£ؽ¥Ż࣬ҩ䣬淭ҳǩҩˮ
ɳϣڹټΪ˷㣬ؽ¥ɴ൥ϥڵϣһֻСץס֣һֻش˿ڡ
ôܲʹ᯳¾ǿһ£΢΢ĲǱ¶ࡣ
ȵ˿ڴĲ࣬ؽ¥һ߰˿ʱûסֽһ
ԺʲôȥԼ
ʱ򣬼ľĻ档


56 
ʱ, Ҳ㲻Ϻá
ԭ͹˼еľǹ˼ҵļҵױ£һ˼ֻй˫˫ôŮ, ԼֻҪ, ˼Ҳڹ˫˫, ˵, ǶԣҲǺô
ĸռҴС㣬ռ, ⼸ҵʲô, ҪһҲһ޷Ե
С˼Ƕѡ, һС̻ܹɹ
û
, °ŵı˼ҴС㣬ΪָɻͷҪ᯳µ鱻ع⣬һʱ֮ΪĶ
̫̫͹˳֪йȴΪԼǵС˼װͿ󵼰참Ҳ˳, Ȼһ˽, Ѿûˡ
ǵĹ˾Ҳ˳µĳΪΨֱ֮Ķ
˵ԭҲʮּ򵥣ⳡɱղĬҿﰵ㻨лװһƬг, ȴܽɱвԼ
ǵܹΪСݹ˼ҴС㱻ܶȥķѪ׶̬ȣ͸˵Щİ˵Ĵˡ
ǿûһ˻ϣԼö˶˵أĪһΪԭûС
ڵòײȢֵĹ˫˫ʱҲжá
ԭֻǸ˽Ů, Ҳûжٱ, ֮ǰķҲǿżı, ڹ˼ڷƮҡ, ĸ׳°ڷ˼ϣԼҲǳ߰ĺʷ
Щ˵ȷʵӣôصС飬ЩͲܹܹȥġ
г°̫ƽй˼ʰо֣Թ˲Ͼ鱻ع͸Ͻһ㣬һ¾ͳ˹עԵĵ֮һ
ƫƫ˫˫ҲֻǸӲģҶԼƲϾñȲԼҫʤĳԹȺڣȴˡ
ڵߵﶼΧĿЦͲԸţÿڼ治Ըȥ鲻˾ʹҶÿȥļǽ塣
ռǱҲôá
ĸ⹫ŵĲϵȫ˰˳ֱӱץ˽ȥʹھڵ׶Σ֪ĽЩ֪ĻҲⲻʲôϢ
˵ĸףһ̶˼ԼͷҲӴ˶һ˶ӵñӡ
ӴţǻҲɱرӰ쵽
˭֪ؽȥռ棬ǻҵķˣôЩռҵ˻Ҳ飬ûܹչӣҲΪԭ򣬻ҲԾͱ÷ռҡ
ռҵˣ˶ռΨֱ֮ŶҲټϻҵǺռһģռҼȫ£ǵҲ㲻Ϻá
ΨһֵҵĴǻȻռҰæϵµĵӶС˼СпУռôȴûеӡ
ڵǲõıץ顣
Ȼӳʼ˶ʮĴүϰ˱µڻұǣӰܣԼûб£žҪͶ·Ͷҽؽ¥
ɵҲ򵥡
Ͼ֪ؽ¥ռܵίؽ¥Ҳ㲻Ͽõˣɼҳ󲻿ǻؽ¥ͷٻЩҲԲ˵
Ի֪Ҳֻؽ¥ĵܵܣռҵˣҲСˣֻΪĳЩԭռìܶѡ
ˣ뷨ҲЦ
ܴǰʲô飬ؽ¥ռҲһѪԵϵմǱץȥؽ¥ҲʲôϢΪӣΪ˱Ҳ֮С
ֲЩΪռ˶ܵ޴ʧҲú
û뵽ԼѾۺòײܽһͿĻ档
Ѿ֪ؽ¥᯳½ˣŶ뵽һؽ¥Ȼز
ֿɳϵ᯳£ԭȱ˵Ļһ¾˺ڣ˵Ҳʲȥ
ֻԭ򲢲ʲôǰΣ뵽ԼЩӶķֶԶԡ
ľǾԼ᯳ʲôǮ˼ҵĺӣԼҪǰؽ¥ͺԼƾհһͷһô붼ЩԾ
вɵð᯳³ֵĲʱ
᯳Ҳû뵽ʱ󿴼ʱвɵ¶˼־ȡ
ҲֻǾȶѡ
͵׷ʱȽڵĻı仯ν
ԭȵǰװʱȻϴ·ôɶٻе˵ĳ⣬Ҳ֪Ǳ¶ԣЩССĴȻŴƵ·ƫƫûԭΪͻĳҲ粻֪ӵʲôط
һҪϲˡ
ݵľ֮ŲԼĿ⡣
ڵĻʲôӣڵ֪װҸͱ˽ʱ˾ѾΪİˡ
ûкͱ˽һҪǸԸҲûзҪʱʱ۲ǰڹôֻҪòԼͿ˵ĶȤζʵǽͻȻǰҪǻô˴ڹ

ͷһתĿ⿴Ѿ˿ڣʰŶؽ¥
󵽵ôģ
ССˡмһҪؽ¥һԻæĳŵԼģһȴ᯳ֲԱ߿Цǰ߶˵ΪҪûסȿ˿ڡ
ؽ¥С˲Ϊ˹ʰԼĶȵʰãҩվתſһۡ
ͻ뿴ʮʽĴŲͬؽ¥ֻʮּ򵥵ļҾӷϻܰѹס
¡ؽ¥ڿ˿ڡ
һҲСˣҺռûκιϵҲûκιϵҡ
ڶյĻչ˵ĻǣԼʲôԼţû˭ԩͷΪʲô顣
˵꣬ؽ¥Ҳںʱʮ־ʵ飬ҩŻԭλתʱ뵽ʲôһ㡣
УһҲһΣԺڸ㣬֪
ɡû뵽ؽ¥˵ֻɫѿЩġ
ֻû˵仰ؽ¥ͻ˻֣֪ʲôطͳ׳ڣôѻ˳ȥ
᯳½˵ջŻһֻСһ㱻׳ȥӶپЩЦһʱûסһЦ˳
ؽ¥עӡ
ԡΪ˺˵仰᯳ʶ飬еĺ滹޷ɢ
⼸仰ʲôط˵˵ĻڷҪ
ؽ¥Ҳ㹻̹ϣͷ˻
һôĵ˼ſڵķ羰
ȻʵϣеĻҪûãµĹ˻ûڳ
᯳£


57 
ȥת, һ괺
ʱ÷ɿ죬ɶ˵ǹһ
°ΪΡץ, ̫̫͹˳֮ǰ᯳¼, ǸŰ참Ҳ˳, ֻΪֻ鷢ˮ, ֻǱ˼졣
ȻǵҲٵĲˣټؽ¥᯼Ҷ᯳µıҲû˭Һй, û, ˲ٶǻĶ֣ǵӹļ˲, һղһ, ˵άһ˼ҵҲֻʣһտӡ
˵̫̫ŻŭĽҽԺڲϻ˺ü, òױ˻, ҲֻڲϻججһѵʱһҲĸСʱ
ûĸףֲ񵱳, Ҳ֪ʱĹ˳Щжôʹࡣ
˼߻ǿ֧ţռѾֱ
մǷȹ˳˲֪ٱֱӱһˣʧȥĹǵĹ˾ֱ˳Ų֮ǰû֪èĻ, Ҫ, Ҫپ޶ķ
ǵʽѾת, ЩѹǴ, ˾˭Ƶó⹫˾˶ãǷ׷·Ѱ¼ҡ
Ҳһµʱ䣬ռҵĹ˾ѾƲûʰһƬǽ壬ڳЦˮһһ
ڻңûʸڴ۵Ļ⵱УʼԹϵʱ˳ᵽ֮⣬ûѾûˡ
й˫˫³ΣҲû˭֪
ԭЩҵĲҵĿҲѸٱ˲ʳ̲
µĹ˾оɵĹ˾ܣʼ˸о֮⣬ľҲûʲôˡ
᯳˵Щ˺ֺϱӻһŴڵġ

ڹȥһ£ǽŵʱؽ¥Ǽഩ˼ס
᯳µЩʱϸĵ»ָ糣ʯľ߶ҲҪȵĲ
ֻҪ֮ǰùʱ䡣
ЩʱڼУؽ¥óԺúȵչţȻԼʳԵ㶫ͣէһܲЩ
Լԭȱƫݣȴָոպá
ǽţҪȥԺ
ǰһЩ᯳֣ʱڳлЩ⣬ؽ¥ɴԼϣ˳ΪŵıϣٶϢһ
˵ط³᯳һ̧ͷͿʮָߴĽԼǰ߸ŵı־ߵһ¾ׯµ˾ǰԵСࡣ
᯳ʶһԼף뵽ԼĿģ̾һ
ǽȥɡ
˵ҲǷɺϣǰͥǰһǳ°ǣһռЩˣΪ˾漰鲻㹫ֻٲ˲ܵõԹۡ
᯳ºؽ¥潫޹صĶ˹Աָĵط˽ȥŵĺʵλµȴûȶãͥͿʼˡ
⼸ʱ䣬°ھȻܵŰûɣԴסҲûٻܡûѪľıֲ֪ԼδôټԼԼȵٴγ᯳ǰʱԭΪղڣͬ˻Ҫɣ㲣û˹⣬һľʬһ㣬ɵ㶵׼ӭԼ˵С
ʱ˿ǷѾ֪Լ鵽жƴҲҪʳġ
µʱõѾ㹻ҳ֤棬°ŵѾ޴ӽƱ硣
Ȼﲻʮڶ˵Ҳ޷ԽجΡ
ȵʱ򣬻˼Ѿ֪û䵽ĸС˳ֲʲôˣ֮ǰǳ°ŵֶ˵òŰΰߣ˸˵ͷʮΣҪʱ䣬˳ܰ׵Ժ
֮ǰӹ˳õЩǮʱ˭ж˵
һҲֻӦá
°ŵ˵ƽǽռЩȴʵЩġ
ϰһʱĲֻǲԸԼʧܣԼЩ£ֻҪԼӲˣжһɶֱϷͥմҲվɲô֡
ֳзԼϴǻı׼ܵݸô
һͥȽϳ°ŵ˵ȴҪӲ٣Ͼγܲ࣬ԭؽ¥ԼϲЩѾ㹻𺳣ȴû뵽ȵٷ룬ĶӴĿġ
ǣ˲ǰ
˵참ľҲòš
ϵױҴմվڱϯϣŹһǵ֤ǰʱҲû¶˿ΣзЩм·ЩС
лԳΪֲӵ˵໰ҪǻţʱԹͥ˵жҪ̲סǰȥʰһˡ
Ƕӯֲ֪ڸĵ̬ǰȻҲУﲢǲҪǺѵܺߺܺ߼⸶޶⳥֮Ҳⲻˡ
մΪеͷˣĶ̬մȾѪֱӾ̡
ĪΪմӣȻм޸鲻ͣΪ湲ͬ壬մﷸµҲ֪ģƲṩºʰоڸĴڡ
Ǳͽ̣ü̺ͼ͡
Ƚ϶ԣо˲٣Ҳûٲմ鵱Уϻûô࣬ʮꡣ
о֮پƣʼɤӴУôȶҲ̫ı䡣
ߣЩ飬Ҳʲôı䡣

᯳ͥºؽ¥߳ԺʱѾ磬Ȼ⻹ЩֻԱߵУûֱ䣬Χ¶Ҳˬ
ؽ¥һ᯳ֻȲԸ⴩ףһֻǣƵɢŲ
˵°źռЩӦõ³ǸЩ黮һţܵ˺Ѿȥ˺ҲѾõ˱ӦȥΪȥʹֵᷴá
Ѿúܺˡ
᯳µҲܱûбˣŵǲԾ⼸һֱһ׸ĵӡ
ֻҪԼ˵Ҳû֪ߵһ׸裬ؽ¥Ҳ̨ҲʲôħԣȻϲĻȥ
Ȼû˵鶼˲١
ֱ߹һսǣ᯳¿ڲԶǵ˾ʱ۾һתͷؽ¥
ǻؼҰɣ
лҪ˵
һһῪĶ͡塷ΪԤն˵ķǳǳҪϣܰæղһԤպҵרԤյİ棬ҲԵרķǳлң
--
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֪Ϣ󣬹׶󣬴Ҫļҹ
òˣûʼͼһŵץס֡
ţ뿪ҡ
˵¹ʶں֢
ΪκĮУֻܺɫݡ
ֻ󲻽Ůɫ˿ɼĽ֮˴׾ӡ
ĹûһۣԴףͱ˸˵仰ԴףŪèҲúݺݳԴס
һԴףͻᵽճҪҪҪһֱ塣
ĳ죬ϵnΪ˺˱ߵһһ°˸˴
ûˣ

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ֻԿ˼ɣһ˼ȫڹϣǸ˭öòĴɽ
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