عѺˡ: Ц
İ:
ع֮ǰԼķĶ˳ۣһ󺹾ɣĳЩʱ̵ĺ޽ơ
ɵˣҲ˹Ѹʼһ׮׮ػĺãƩڱߵӰƩ纮䶬š
һһ㡣
ճ硣
ԭͣܿ⿼ݡ
ݱǩ ͢   ˬ
ؼ֣ǣ¾  ǣ  
һ仰飺ͷ
⣺Һ


1 
һƬտƣˮŵİɫɴ
ɴڲ࣬λŽ»ѵˣڰŹϹˮĳŮƣźڡ
ɴ࣬ŵĽ׳һһεزһ
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ΧĿƺ
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¾˶˵Ϳʼˡ
ĸϣֳҲֱ״Ԫ̽¾ȴȻ;
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˭룬ĳϦദޣƾһԶԶ¾ڵоֹʱʱ̶̿͵ߡ
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ֳƽ͵ֵȫսӲҲѿ
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ЦӻŷѾ˱ԣȺʹ͡
ĿòĹĸЦ΢΢죬δֻǾǹһ㣬ͷˣʶЩġ
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ˣʲô
ִ󳤹ӣе¾Ȣˣǵʥϵ׽㣬ȻԳ¾ѵҲҪѧŮΪԼӮƷ
ԲҪƷΪηҪһһҲǸģǸԼ£
ִ󳤹Ц޳ɣĸֻǿ껪ҹҹߣ㲻ѧѧĸڸЩףӻӢж˯ǰ˯ٴ򷢵Ƕ

֪ĸˣȥҲҪĵ
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Σ֪οʵɫŮ˴ϡ
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ĸֻͼ֮
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ɻܿͿЩһ̸˵ЦǣŵİֽŶ
״ԪɴѾˣЦ̡ε̽磬ʱ㲡ַ·û
ɩˮΪԼֻ溢˵顣
¾ڳأһʱ䶼լɥ֮࣬ϥ²á
ڳ¼ֶӡֶŮ
ǻľµǰ߹
ôվڷѩУϤɩֶֶŮԽԽԶֱʧ
ѩ̫ˣûȥˡ
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ǳ¾ڳգ߻ްվڴͷ
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ոհᵽլȥԺӣΨסϰߡ
˵ĲĪĵܷƢ
Сģҧˣ
ժһϲ𣿡

۾
ˡ
¼ҵĽ֣ˣ


2 
ݣʯ򣬳լ
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βһżӴ㹻ĸȥ
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˵Ըһܴ
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ڿҪģǿ׳
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ɻԽԽ࣬ٴοͷˡ
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ͷšӽŵͷ飬ûһӡ
.


3 
¾һֱߵ˻ǰ
ߵĲ࣬ûɢš
⽡ɷ򣬻عĦĸһ㱡ɴڲС
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ǰɫģžµĵƣһҲŮ·ס
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ܿˣϱӳ¾ڷɥڼͲ̫ʵ͵͵ǽȥԣмλȴЦɲԣҲҪԼǣ˳һĸĲТ
¾ڲΪ⣬һǰڳ⣬һ͵ĸңСʱϲҳԷҳԵԽԽˡĸ飬Ϊ˷ɥӣĸһۡ
Ҫ˸ϳȥֻһɢȥĿ㡣
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ͷʰӣϵ롣
½˼棬լǱ͹ģһմӳ¼ҵĲ˵ժǳʡ
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³ղףֻϱӻΪɥ鲻ãʲôûθڣؾʱݣǵĸᣬܵҲ϶ǳ¼ҿ
һѵܵܶԳ¼ҵͨԹҲһΪԵʣ
ӦðδԵܱܵԹʲôܵÿÿʼ¼ΣǸÿĿ䣬֮ȫ
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ҲȦ¼լªסòģһֱԲ·Ҫô
ҺҺã
.


4 
Թ緹õСԺ˹䡣
һķСԺһࡣ
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ṫˣƶòУ
ðү˯ҪϣǸ輧
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6 
ʣµҲû˷ѣͷ⣬˳¾ڸС
ᣬ¾ڳԵЩִ٣СһҨǰֱࡣ
ڶ棬д顣
ûвţ¾Ҳ͹ؿд֣һҳдö·ԼϤչм˶ǵ⣬¾ײǣЩˮæ㣬û䵽½ϣֻǶĴԵñֱš
бһۡ
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Լȥ±ͷӷ֣»ӡТӵɴ⣬ǷİãȻ˹أһ챻ͷӷ֣̰Ϊпԭʲôڣ˵ùԲÿࣿ
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СȰĪĻҲЩ
ףǳ¾ڵ̬ȣͺúýǵô
˵ܶڹǰǹģΪ¾ھͲһأʶûô˵


7 
⣬ȱϡ
ТڸֶֻһӰžκ빴Ůɡ
͵͵Ӱкǿϧ
Ҳүǹ϶޶ɪгһ󳳡һС
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8 
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9 
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10 
ôҲû뵽ֻԵ⣬ɷһ־ݵС¾ڵС
ҲԾˣΪҪд־ݣ
ҹɫīڴϣޱȵؿԼɷ򣺡û־ݣǻ̫͵͵سԼپͰˣǰæǵǺ޹˼ˣִ˸׷ǡ
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죺㻹˵㵱ֵܣôΪ㣿
ТڣʲôΪѣܣҰζңܹƽ
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11 
ⳡ磬Ϊϡ͢޶϶ϱ¶棬ϯλǰڵġ
Ҳǳ͢ޡ͢ʵ޲ϯ׷ֱϯɳ²ڡТڡ¾ڡ¼ԵǾڸҸĸСϯϡ
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13 
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ջƻ裬԰ͻλɩӡ
Ѿ˰˸е࣬Ӹˣݽޣǵϵɫɩ㲻Դǣš

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ĴۣԳլе⻨԰ȷʵܲˡ
֪ݱȲԼôТĸҪݰһͷﲻӣϴЦԵǰźĵܲ飬òٵ·ڿ˰ɣϰҲϰĺãĵܸܶɣһô඼۵ģ磬Ÿ׸رᱳʹ
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Ḹͬ͢ȥݳǲμǣ·һײΣչͷḸһƿ˳͢͢ḸȴײһֻţӴҲ޷߿ƾһ;͢ѵľֻ֮ҪḸŮĳӽס
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ˣǳɩαˣ
Ѿ߱ҴսЩЩɸֵζռ޽¼ʱ͸ĴѾߡ
ЦҡҡͷףĵոðһصϸҰݰ˳


14 
Ϧ䣬¾վԼһ˶ߵǽ⣬ڣ׵ǽͷһ˾ǽ
һϣȴСѾվСԺУسŶдϷˣС㶯
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¾ڶһ٣ǸڣȻ˸
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Ц˭֪أҲûƼˣﲻõģȻ϶ͳˡ
ŪǺӣ˵¾˯ǰĸȥж𴲵ˡ
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⣬ʵϱͺˣֻʱ¼ֱ֣ʳ¾ڵ˶̣ĸе˼Ҷ֮ӡ
Ⱳ׽ЩԼЩҲͿˡ
ϼϱֻк棬֮⣬ҡҡͷ̾ȫ־ڡ
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15 
Խɽţ·ԽƽҲԽ
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16 
˯֪¾ڱȥѲӺɽˣɽûл¼ٴǰƽĵضδЩӣһϰҪתƣҲиĵطϢ
ûĸҲһˣȫҪΪܺ׼ҲֵǮĶսߵתʱϣҲҪᵽϰãˮ
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ЩЦϿʱ䡣
볯һĽ͵ֻǷ飬ˮδػʱˣǼ˱Ȼţž׳ҡ
Сʣˮأ
Ц治ǻһɽٴĺˮҲͲˡ뱾ذվḻȫָӾǣҪҡ
Ϊӹ򶨣ơץĹǣ侲
̩ɽǰ治ɫ˵ľ
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Ц
ϱѾ߻ţҲûƻȥʮݳסɻӣºˮûԼ¼˳Цʶܾ˹ĺ⡣
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ţ縺ʵϲתƵ˼ң縺Ｏɲȥɽϱܺ飬ҩ
ӹһĨ
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á
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Т˳׶Ӷȥˡ
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17 
լɽתƵ˼ҡ
ϳ͢żһգӸ˵İΣ
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18 
ɽϵĵڶ, °ҹԵСˡ
ɫ΢ֻʣǵС, ëëϸ궼㲻ϣȫԲٴɡ
ͣͣ, лү
滶¼Ҳ½
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Ϲĵطأˮ
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صĺ֣ܰݶ, ǲĽ˾
ϵͷ, ۻ˵Ǿٵȵȣȥ·϶, , ߵҲʹ졣
, ʱ˿, ֻ¾Ǳߡ
峿, ÷¶ĺʱٽ̫̫Σ߳¾ϵİи̰ߵ˱¾Żǲ̫ŵӣȴٲģ˵취֤
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˱˰ɣɢЩͷ
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¾ڱŻãûԺеͷɨСˣֱߵϷǰ
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19 
˱, ǵĵһˣ׷ݵռ޽¼ҵʱ򣬵ʱ͢ѾھΪ١
ʮ, ų͢ļǨյТҲԽԽ, ÿТĽҲԽԽߡ
ǸϸˣÿĽβܽ
ĿǰϾ̰˶٣һҳҳúܿ죬һĿʮ, ֻڴʽ΢ͣ١
¾ʼճĬ, ֱȥĿ, Űסҳ档
֪Ҫϸˡ
۸ֵöѿ, ǳ¼ҵã˱ϵ, ¾ڲܲ档
, еԵطԱ, еԺ̻ŸָĽڡ
üЩ¸Ǹ׻ֵ, ǲֱ, ϶ǱϴʾܾԲŹϡûȨҲҶǿ˵, 첻, ЩΪλҪͣӣ
¾ڣϲɵҪϰµ, ﲻ˾Ͳ, ЩĿⳤԶ, ֻ¼ҽԵʱſڣ֣ϱˡǮ˼ңӽ˳¼ң൱˳¼ҵİѱʱͷΪҲðһҲһֱȥ
һӺ󣬳ȥҫ˼ɵ¼ңԸ㣬һӻҲֵˡ
߿̸Ȼһرˡ
³ʮǼ֧ϲΣ½ҩתǧ
ϱֻӽľϿ˱ˣԼһЩȷ漰ٳ̰۵Ĵϸʣδ˵ֵ֧ǧϲΡ
¾ڵĺȴһء
ƫͷͼ¾ɫȻŭ
ٿ֣Ȼˡ
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20 
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û, ̧͢ǰ, Ժȥ
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լ
ʹˣҲ˲ǵĸҪһ£ɾɡ
òװѲ¶һһؽȥˣϸſСѾ߰æ򣬳͢˽
ô£϶Ҫ˵˵ΪشСѾ¡
͢ڴߣҪɫ΢Űɣ屾Ͳá
û󲡣ֻҲʮˣĸӣһͣСð˳
ϸĳɲɣ۴Ѫ˿ɷһᣬӲ۾ҪΪĸ׵ϱҲѴ̣ĸܲ˾ǵҾ͸øһ˼߾Т
͢üסֵ˵Щʲô뺢ǶھǣҲӦ
Ĭ󣬳ֻ͢Ǻڣýլȫܡ
ס߼򣺡ѴȻҪһչĸǲӹ¹޴С߬ǰ˲Ķһң¶ܣû¡ٳҪģԼҪչ㲢ûд
͢š
ȷʵչ˶ܵԿȴĸס
Ϊѡֻų¼ҹӣ˽ЩСТҲ˴ţȴûϵϵҰľȻһЩط̰٣ûϵϸƵĸͷϡ
ʲôϵֱϣ˿Լӵݸɷ
͢ͷϡ
˳ı
͢ûʧ̬̫ãȡ°ʪӣʶصá
תƻ⣺ˣ
͢¶꣺˿޻ǿޡ
ܵܣֺ䲻һѣһѵֻܿ޿䣬Ҳ֪ûȥ
ʱ򣬳͢ɵܵײҲ뿴ܵܵᡣ
϶Сûôĸ飬ԹصϵģûϵĸץҩҩϵģҲϳɹ½Ūˡ
͢ˣ˵ˡ
ҲƢƿĸ첲ֵֻܣʲô̬ȣҪģ²Ҫã
͢ͷͼô˵
һڣٸҳЩֵǰô磬֪ϲƲϼҵĵܵܣֻѲθɣ
͢ȡ֣Ź壬ŵĶ
ϣãҶֵܰѿӺĸ׵ӵţǲǴɷ򣬶԰ɣ
͢


22 
һ˯˻ƻ衣
, Ӷ
һ߹һȥˮˣû
ʲôʱȥģ
, ˯ûͳˣĻ, ҲԵġҽȥ̽˴үڶԺ󰸣жүȥˡ
ͷػ̫̫Ѿû, ȴôмѹ顣
ʲô
ǰⶼû, °˺ԲѪ, , ׼ٳزˣ, ʲôرԵ𣿴һ綼ڶ, ÿȭͷ, ԼҳԵ㣬ʣµĶȥүǱ, ֵָİճԡ
г¼Ҵͷ, һЩҲЩʳ
Сľ͹ˣɳ¾һԱ
ڵȥ̰, һ̽, һͼһ, ٸȡ
գգ۾, ЦˣҲʼء

𴲺, ֱȥԡңǰѰ˵ûϴ裡
óƴһ飬ɾˣٿԡͰ衣
ţƱǶ滻ѣȥ潻
˸ս꣬¾ڻˣһۣ϶Щ
ưүһѺģҺûйƼ
ˮˮϴϴ
¾ɨϷ
ָԡҵѣԡ
¾ڶ˶٣Ը׽ӡȥ
˵꣬תˮԼȥˮ
ƿȥ³ȡĻϴȥźѣͼүһһͰˮ
߸ߴүһӰſڵĹⶼסˣĮմͣԵúס
Щ¡
¾ÿſڣȥɣȻ¡
˿ͷ¡
¾ڹţߵѣ¶ݵֻǼֱ֮ϣһպۣ˫˫Ϊˮס
¾ޱزţ˰Ͱˮϴͷ˰ͰһͰظһ顣
ϴɾ¾ڴѣߵĴһɡ
С˯ӣ¾üģǰϷſڣλһذ׵֯ȹڷƣֻһ֧
ԡֳ֬ɫһϢǴҲָ˵ʪ
ôεεһˣ˭鶼Ҫϼ֡
¾ЦЦûԡͦ졣
һţŴҴ뿪ԡͰ
ڷɡ
Цȥ˳
¾࣬Լȡ
ЦʱüмĮҲ͹ӢɣһѷĽ
ʱ˿̣Ͽƣɫ
ǿ׳ٽʵҲֻһѪˡ
ߵԱ£ʣ컹óȥ𣿡
¾ڿ£

ơ¶ˣʳǺӣһ
¾ڿһӵأˣѾº컹Ҫȥпգȥɽ
˭ˣԼԾȥҿûǣûȥ
¾ڣΪţ
ҨһŹԲϸ
¾ֶ˵ˣץһӡ
һĸӣ¾ȫˣûĺֻ࣬
Ա㣬ڣ¾ھȥҡ
˯㣬ڴμ䣬гƱīֽ⡣
ƴ˸Ƿ
Цҹȥһ˯ɣ죬ЩҲûϵ
Ҫסˣл۾ȥ
Լī
չҪǼˣأȻҪдţĸܵǱҲ˳㶼дһˡ
ϵİӹû꣬ȰѵܵǷдðɡ
ܵܵţ£ܵܲʮ꣬ԹδտӦҲûȤοЩĸ϶ᵥܵ
ܵ˵ЩȤġ
˼󣬻ЦŶ
д˳¾ְѺС԰õģڵһһŵʯĵӣڼĵϴ塣
дźˮҪʱľ¡ʱοд˳¾ڱɽɣ˶ܵܺúóԷ䣬ܳø߸׳׳
д꣬Ҳ⡣
ֽѹֽɣϨ˴μĵƣ۾ϰߺڰᲽȥ
βйɵĺյ˯ú졣
Сڣŵùˣո£Աߵĳ¾ںȻֱסС
ȵĺ籡䣬ȴֻܿ˯ˡ
ϣ¾ˣȴҲǸ
棬˯ڻ谵Ĺгֳ֬󣬷ӯĴ΢΢ſ
ϸģȴ⣬§ڻﻹѹ£ܡ
ʱйǣʱ˯¾ںֱӽײޡ
ݺݵؿۣ´
峿¾ڴӾѣμ䣬һ۾ƳϵİԼһչƽֽ
¾߹ȥûѹڱ߽ǵֽĬĬ
һҳֽдļرǿ׳
¾ȴüͷʱϲǿ׳ÿ·Ƴֱ۶Ҫ¶ÿҪʱһľ֡
Ϊһĵܵܣ¾ںܿ˹ôд⣬Ǽ٣ƭС̫ӹԹԳԷ档
.
һֳ¾ѾŶμֽɢŵʱµ¾ڶ뿴ˡ
һ˿˿գ¾ڹ߻ôߣĿ֮ʣβʹҪ̵ȥ
ճ͢ȻæլһƬȻææȥȴҲȻ򡢲
˶ԺǱʵĽչ
ֻһ֣ı¡
ʱݳһ̻ƹ񣬺ܻ˴Ҳмʶϼ޵¼Ҳã˵̫̫ɷ򣬽˳¼ҡ
͢͢ʵκεĺôЩлߵڳ͢ʵ̫̫˶ӣ㳢Ŵͨߣû뵽ͨˣֻϽԳ棬´Ϊӡ
˵ֶԻ˵˺ܶ͢ΪӡֳĲס
ˣᴦϣ׵ܵܣԸ׷
׷ʲôأ͢ʵһṵ̂Ҳ̫̫˲ΣΨһĴ̫ų˼ҡ
ڹ͢ʵûдκɷ˽ֲǹɣ档
ĸʡĸдš
ôȥˣ¾ڹңһ࣬˯㣬ָֻƽʱľʮ㡣
֮һȻ绪ϵ˴ѹ
̫أҪƿ
ǿǿ׳䣬ţ¾ڿӣı
͵ҵţ˼˵
¾ڣû֮ǰ֪ţ
ۺ޳ܣʰ·硣
¾ڽ˹
ر۾
¾Ц֣ԼؿڣϲûôС
žһƴȥ
һڰβڵƽ
ȫ
¾֣ȴҲǣҲǡ
¾ڸߺԹԱ𶯣㿪硣

ûв⣡


23 
Ѯ, ͢뻪һͽ鷿
˳ȼŮ飬һϵġ˳οЦˡ
ŮҲдŻ, һʺһ̫, ΨûиģȻʺǷҲᵽ˶Ĺģ˳ۻе㲻ζ
òܹ࣬Ůֱǻʺ󡢹
ĸ, ˶ԶǱвͬļ, ˳۰ʵСŮ
ʺǻʹֵطټ, òȻʺҪʤ, Сͳع㽿ɰ˦һ, ҲҪ᲻۵
ھ˳, Ůһܹɹ, Ϊͷ۷գֻҪŮ, ı泩
СʱŮ, ϲܵ棬һһʣеñƷ񻹺
ϧƺͿǿһŮ, ºŷһĻܱŮײˡ
ԴŮߴ, ˳۱װ֪, ʵҲȥŮ
Ȼϲĺӡ
ʺ̫ȥ
˳ֶԱһĺ, ָз, ЦŽ⽻Աź̫ࡣ
̫ųȥˣ˳ۼŷ⣬ȡֽ
ſţ˳üͷҷŮţ˳͢ӡ
¾˳ˣԭǳ͢ϼҵĵñż̰ӣһЩӡ
͢дӣһֻװľ̰鱦Լ
ȵ۳ʱ̰Ȩⳣ벻˳۵ǻ̰٣ܳĿÿ˵㣬͢ĸöȻͰ͵ģ׵ֻһСĿ˳ҲܸˡЩԱӲϰﳯ͢ǣ˽Тˣ󻹲͵
һˣ˳۸û
˳ۺһ̫࣬͢ظ
һ£Щ¸ΪߣÿԱлߵߣ˳۾ÿԱٽҷл߽ʮЧȡǵߣÿҼʮ壬ͬл߽ʮ
һ¼عԱĳͷ˳۾ܸ׬ضʮ
ڶ£˳۰˳͢ĴסԼй͢ع
£ɷϷ̰ۡТĸ̣¼ҽϼ֪ͬűɡ͢ʵμҲϣǳ¼ҵļ£͢Ϊֳй̳ܽͽ䣬žպٷ
ʺ񣬳¸յּ⣬Ȼм㡣
̫Цŷе
˳ӣ͢ǹ֮ȻΪС½
´ˣ˳ۼŮļ飬ֻдȫ̰ۡʯ֮£ֻڿβʱ塣
ļ飬ûûζġ
˳ȥ˻ʺķǹ
ݻʺڿŮţ̫棬˳۽û֡
˳Ѿʮͷݻʺȴʮ꣬ȱʱòֶ˳츾˵ķ飬ҲΪò˳۲Żںλȱ֮һٲոս³衣
дʲôЦƵġ
˳ߣݻʺϸ۲죬Ϸһ˿Ľ
ɴʱݻʺȫŮŮЦŽֽʵɷǱŲŲԻ޺ÿνҪұԹֱɲ飬Сڹһȥˡ
˳΢΢۾Ů˵λֽˣжҼѣ̫շӣȴƽأŮ֪Ҳĺá
򵥵ȷʵ͸¶СŮۡ
˳ҲЦˣȻҲϣŮ޶Ҹ
ۺ󲢼翴ţĳ¼ҵļ£ֻصŮϡ˳źӵվƫԶ֮أϸƶǱв㡣ɥϽؾǣҲÿ
ݻʺ˼Ƭ̣ϣ¸һҶǴТ֮ˣɥѶ˲²¸ϻ취ھǣ¸ȴ޷˵ؽǡƼǷ޿϶ϼɥֵȻֻһ꣬ҲԸ¶лؾ١
˳ۣ˼ǣ
ݻʺЦǵĹԱɥڽ֮ǰǰ೯͢볯͢ʱŹְٵȵȣֵܵô˵뼴̻ؾӦǣݷڶǰТԤȱǣֵܣڵطһҲ档
˳ۣˣҪꣿ
ݻʺ󣺡Ƕһ£ɻؾǳ¼ҵϱһɥˣסһλɩͬТϱֶΪ
˳ۣаɣǶЩʹ͹ȥǱܿࡣ
ݻʺ󲢲ģ¼ҲίŮ

̫ڸ飬λȻûг¸ôչأ£ڿʱҲš
磬γڽ
ʮ̫ӿαϣ˸
һۣû¸ǰָ̫ӵ̬ţʰˡ
ˣ̫ӵĴ̫Це˽
̫ü΢ʲôϲ£Ц
ӱóһţױƵĵ£ˣ
̫۾һȲ뿪Σһѽ˹
ĸ̵ϸ񣬵в֪¶øߵ̫Ǵǵһдŵˡ
̫Ӻ㣬Ҳ֪ûʲô¡
ߣ缢ƿʵؿ
վб棬СӽüͷһͻСӻ飬òź
Һ̫ӵüܿչ⣬˼
ʣ£ʲôأ
̫ӻˮ𣿡
һôͻȻᵽˮˣѵǱ߷ˮˣˣ
̫ҡҡͷŵݸ
ٿһ飬ĺüؿڣҺҺã࣬ûˮ
ʮˣҲǼ﷢ˮ˵շת䵽ǣ˴̫ࡣ
̫ӼȻȤͽЩֵĲҡ
̫ӣ͢ÿ궼Ღרӵ̣
񣺡Ƕ޴ӵģҰطСӶΣ궼ˮ֣ż֮ŷһأӹ̵̰Ӳֵ
̫ӣҪǸʷ޲أ
񿴿棬յСǵÿûôˡ
̫˴ⲻᣬΪӵ·
񣺡ǵĹ𣿱𰡣ƹ˼أ˵Ǳߵˮֲء
̫¿ֽԺиֳһӢͦεӰǳ¸ϵӳ¾ڣҲĽ
̫Ĵ࣬ӡǳûУòǿǿϽ㡣
£ȥ÷Цеѵ
̫ȳȥ
緹ܷʢϾ飬ҲĹǣ̫ٷа˲
ϣǿ壬̫ӾͶһ뷹Ҳ볤һڴưõɽ·ƽصӢӡ
аʱϢʱ䣬̫룬ȥѰĸ
ĸ󣬽ǲҲдˣ
ݻʺ󣺡ǰҪ𣿡
̫ӣţҵֻһҳ
ݻʺЦùŮŮļȡҳ
ţʵֻ£ֻܵܵ£ĸ߾ȫ
ݻʺûϿΣ¸Ϊ£ҲԽҼҶ̣ǰֵڡ
ֽ̫û
ݻʺ󣺡ȻڼҶǣΣѣҲΣչˣյĺù١
̫ڵĸ֪ΣΪѡλ
ݻʺЦЦŶӵͷĸ֪¸ЩԹʦͽֻҪסܸĸУѵҲΪá
̫Ӵס
ݻʺֽĵЪΰɣȻֱȥϿΡ
̫˳ӵظŹŮȥϴ־档
ɵϣ̫ȴ˯⣬һʯĺˮʲôһ뵽λޱȵĳ¸ϡ
˵¼ҵ״Ԫɡ̽ɶɽ·ˤͷ¸أʹǲҲˤ˸ͷ
ǰֳ¸ϵĻ棬̫Цˣ˯


24 
˳۵ʹ͵ִʯʱ, Ѿǰ³
ǳѾȥ࣬ˮȥϵĽֵҲøɸɾ, Ϊ׼
ע⵽ж¼ҵķȥˣͷİǷһЩۡ
ҺƼһλ, Īǹˣ
˵̰˲ӣǲ¶¼ң
ܰɣ¸ϿǺù٣, ôͷϣ
, Ϻ̫̫˲, ̫̫ȼҩ, ¼ȥˣ, һҿԡ
үŹ塢ĳ¼ڸ, ܶն, ֮¼Ǳ½һЩ
Щİգ׷Ƕ¼լķӿȥ, ƼһЩ֡
լ
ڱֵַɥ, ˵ʥּˣ͢æǰԺϣ˳ȥ֪ᶫԺ
Ϊڳ¼ڲ, Ҳ֪͢, ּ
¾뿪, ˳²ڡТҡ
˶, Ĳھ⼸, ƤȹӸ߸߹žͺࡣ
߰ɡ
Ҷˣ²ڿڵ
լǰԺͼ˳͢ޣԺһҲˣֻϰӡ
ڼ¶ڶԺ񷿣㲣ûϺߵҫ
ū澼
С͢ѣƼˣ³͢Сܼǰ¿ͷ
Ǿ˳ĸɶӣʥǰҲȻϵãȵôˣ
СͷЦлصϡӣū澴ʹ͸ǰϻǧū澺úƹǲˡ
˵ţϸ
Щ̫࣬߻ֺˣֺõرȻһΪѡΡ
ЦŽ˵
С࿴ۣͷڻǰ˵䣬Ȼһ˹Сȥү
С̣һȫˣǷĹүôôСۣ
Ҷţּɡ
ûС̫ãų¾ߵĸһš
СҲʥּߵ¼ǰ
͢˻عȥ
ΪӴ³ТԱ߷ţҲһϾͷ
Сû⣬˶ˣʥּ
˵Լ˽̣ʱǰһڣᵹڵء
͢ʵϾ˶ʮķޣԹϲ˶ʮ꣬³ȫɫҰף类˻ǡ¼ڵԴ޺ȴңứ
ɻϿ嶣ߵл¡
͢ߵּ
Сʥּת˼侰˳۶Գ͢ĿٴͶ
Գ͢ףҴСȥúȿڲ衣
͢ס
СЦеظ˹¾ڲµҪ£ʶȤûȥ
֪˹ٲ͢󣬱ҪѺϡ¡

¼ҲƲס˹ȥסϵȣ
Ͼľؿ͢͢ʵֵܣζЦ£ƣӣ˳ӵظŹٲˡ
¼ΧһȺֵİգոʥּҲʱָָ㡣
С˹ϳ¼ҵĴţ⡣
͢ݿһڼˣ֮ȵΪ䣬зߣᰴɷã˭ҲָһϢ
͢ʵֻôôľʥּҲҪͽˣ֮Ȳֹȥ
æʹɫ
²ڡТڿ첽߹ȥ常
¾ЦЦתԺȥ
֮๼
ɷϳŮТϱ̰ۣƾι̫̫ȼҩѾ˲Т
.
СҪŻؾʹԼ͸ˡ
ֱۺ̫ӣڴμٴϣýζ
¾ڽˡ
Ųͬʱ飬һų¾ڿӵģ
¾ûߴգĸһһ򿪿˿ȫ޳УԼϵƤë񣬶ЩԼҲ˼ӹ
ϡﻹ㣬Ψ߳Կࡣ
ϣ¾ڶϵĹ˵
ţĵ˭أеˡ
ڸԸĸǰĴνر
¾ڵȻȲ裺ۣǼҡ

Աأ԰
ҹ˯úúõģȻһѡ
¾ڲ²ɩҪˡ
գգ۾
֪̥ǸŮȴǵúӳľӣֶŮ¾ڵż
ΪʲôסΪ¾ڵļͬһ졣
ʱԼⲻޣҲΪһɼҵĴ޹ĵһ꣬ĸǶᣬĸӣг¾˳棬һȻΪڰʾʲôúõϴһ裬һֱҹ
ڶĸίѣ³¾ֻ֪¾ںҲûţվص
սجĴĸΪһ죬ա
ôôˣ
ڰУͬرס˳¾ڡ
¾㶣Ϸһֱɢҵĳס

šĸ첲
¾ϰΪҪ
Ů紳ŹأȻ֪ɩҪˣôܻ˼
¾ڣֲθɣ
ֻȥ
¾ڰ׸һţʶƽ塣
߰ǰ渡õĶԽԽûãʹĽ˹
ǻڶˣеҲܣ¾ڵǸ£޷Ӹж尾
תעԱߵˡ
¾ڣȻ룬ٶֶš
ջ֣泯ţСۣԺֻһΣ
ϲ׽˼ҵĺӣȴԼĹ⣬һ͹ˣҪٶࡣ
¾ڸƽĺˣҹģҪ
˵ء
¾ڣ

ر˹ȥ
¾ȴ˹޳ʵֱ۽رס㡣
ҧĶҧûˡ
Ƭ̺ʣӣ
ϢȣʲôиҲҵĺӣǸԼ
¾ڣУֻҪҵģһ٣ʮҲӶࡣ
⻰ȫǲһӲģѲñӣ
š
¾ڰס˫֣֪ΪҪ׷
Ҳ֯ӣܱģҪǱ仵ˣѾ߿ඪˡ
ˡŬװһ㶼ϲ
¾һصɵһԡ
ģ˯ţ߰˺ܶ¡
Σ¾ڵĸ첲ҪӣҲ̫ǶȼвУ
¾ƫͷ΢䣺ʲô˼ȵ⼸궼㣿
ǣֻӣбİ취С
Ĺĸֳ׻ûϹڲӵ±Уĸ϶ơ
ɥдʹĸ
ھˣùĸΪǼ٣ɥмį档


25 
ǰ, ŮĸŮƽ
ӤĿ˿, ΪԺ̫ʹһ, Ҳ˯ò
ͷǣ¾ڷ˸ȻҲɩǱߣڵϲֶ˸ֶϣֶӻֶŮ
𸡴ûû˹ϲ, ʱĿڡ
¾ڣ, ֲҪ

ֻԼ˯ˡ
֮, һȥõϲ
ǾȻ, 棬һЦеضŪ, ͢Ա, ƫͷŮ, һųףȴֲŭ
, ĵ빫ˡ
ТƳԺſڵӰ, ѵ
͢վ
˼⣬Ժʲôϲ, ϱ, ûһ˺ֵա
סĸ, ضԹ
͢ЦЦ
СֶŮ, ճֺ, ֻΥĵؿ䣺⺢ӣճܿǸӣ˶ɩһò
¾Աһ
ТĵƳȻĿֻǿ֮ʣΪ壬ѵֶŮú𣬾Ȼʱ̨
ҲɹĲҪҡ
¾ڿ˳߿٣СֶŮӣʵڿ䲻ڡ
ɨһȦִɩ㲻ڣ²Ӧ̽ࡣ
Ůҿ϶Щζȥţǹ沼Ҫǰò
ʱԺǱҲˡ
Ѿؽ˸ǴΣ͢ʵ¼ڸʺõϲ˳¼ڵӹϳ档
뻪ͣϴݸ֮ΪƸĶϱǰ֪Զǳ¼иϵĲҶϲܽŮ¼޸һϲ竡أ޹ǿרϵĸɷִ³֪ϽʱһϾͱһӰƵĶϱ
Գ͢һ֧ĸ߹ٹݣϱûеĸһԽ̧ͷ
žִٵǣĶӻ
ȻףʱҲܸһЩȻԼ·Ҫ
²ڿ򻢸
һԶʷʴĶ¼Ҷû˳ֶϵı£ˡ
²ٿס
͢λʹ֪ʲô
ĸϲ˸ŮŬЦֳТڵϲ
϶ֶϱϧȰѡ
Ȼȥˡ͢ͻȻվ
²ڸŵ͸ס
ТҲͣ²ڰڰ֣д͡
˸ã͢ݳ׳Ըӣ֮ǰá
²ڣǡ
.
ТڡΪճŮ塣
ϴգ¼լһ򵥵ļ磬Ҫӣ̫С˶ˡ
¾ڻǲһϯǰ
źۼش͢ʵ
͢ʵһȦʧǵģֱǿջЦڴһϲµʱڳɥ
¼ڱӲʧȥĸף鲻ãһͲֱӸһҳƤ
¾ڻá
ûʲô£׼ЪΡ
¾ߣϵ˱ҷģõܻܿĻԹߣԺ㲻ҪȥĻ԰ѾҲУȥɢģһ㡣
úܰȫҲ׳լ³¼ڷ㵽԰Ż
ԣЦıҲɣ
¾ڣһ򣬾һֻס£ðա
ŵĲ´Ьģ¼֮ǰ͸ҿòɥĸ֮𣬲ʲô¡
¼ڲıȳɥлţҲʰ¼ڡ
깫󱳸ĵڶ׷ơ
д¼Ǹ竣ųг٣ʯһаԵ˭˭ֵòĬĬֵôˣ¼óһӣҲͳɹס۰յĿڡǹ˼ǳ¸Ψһֶӣ϶¸ϻֶ̻ӣԩҲϱ³ܳ¼ҵı
󣬵ּܵ鳭¼ңʯ򸽽İռˣµ¼Ҫ׷׽ԩϸ档
һжǳ¼Ϊɳ¼ʲô΢Ȼ䵽˹ͷϡ
Ȼ¼Ƶ鷸ƵǼ꣬ǹ׸ڳôĸĹؼʱȫ´ССҪŹլĳ͢ʵųרᣬǽΪ֪飿
ڹʯ򣬻Ҳ֪¼ȥѾһ׮ӣֻҪܺǻ˼Ҹ״Ӳ
ɥڲóţͶˡ
¾ڵĵҲе¼ڳø߸׳׳ڻ԰Ӳ볯Ƴ¼Ķ֡
⼸㶼ɽˡ
ų¾ڵ¼ҵԺǽߣܷȥҲܡ
¾ףҸͷ˵ˣûǿѲڣ֤һʱ̶˶š
룬ûлֻҪ¾ڲ뿪ãʲô¡
ͷ£ʵĸ첲
ð״Ԫɻ̽ɣдˣֵҲδشù
¾ڣ
ǲΪܰӡɽ˵ʵϵôŶ΢ɫ
.
գ¾ǰԺǽѲһĥ壬Է˷
ʱլȻһŮ˵Ŀкԩ飬ͷΪ
¾á
ҲˣõԺſϡ
¾ڣҲȥ
ͷ
ϣͼ²ڡТҲֱˣҪӣ뿴ȴǱ²Ҫ˼
²ڸҹԼӣҸ湫õɣͷһȥլ
͢Ѿˡ
ү£ΧһȦİաڣͷ۵ص
͢š
æС˰Ŵ򿪡
ų¾ڵļסȥͼǰһԶĲ·ޣɫɣŮȴɫ𪣬ۡ
͢Ůӿſͷϣԩ
߳͢ţŮӿ޵̫˶ݣϵ黺˼֣ͷʵԩ飬ΪβȥٸߣϷڼңԽ޴ҡ
ŮӹڵأֹϣŮҪ֮ˣֶӳ¼ڡǰҸ棬¸ֶ̻ǰŸϴ׽ͽ˴Σ񸾲ϣΪǷֹ
͢üͷԺڡ
͢ʵ¼ڸǡڴʱ˹͢ʵϵùڵ֮ˣ¼ȴڿ˵ʱͣ½Ųɫ仯Ȼй
͢ջߣŮӣкԩ
⻰ŮӵĿԽʹãǿ˵ľӣͷԼˣǰ޵ȥ³ŵ磬Ϫϴ£¼ںȻȻ֣ǿнƫƧ񸾲ţû뵽䱾ŴѰ񸾼Уһαɷײϣ¼ǿ׳ɷĶ֣һȣǸҽִҪɷ
ںԣҸϵ㣡
¼ܳͨڳ͢ǰ۾ףҪ˷ǿ£ԩңǼúô
ûк˵
Ů˼¼ڱƵģ˵¼ҪѣҶΣץıҧ⣬Ҳ¶̺ø֤
¼͵ƿϰ̺۶ˣθɣ
ԺϱΪŮӵָϻʧɫҡҡ׹¼ھȻô˵潫ֲ֮£ֻһѪֱԣȵܹ߳ǳǵĺ⣬ʧصؿ޺ûУ¼Լˣٻҵ
ⱲĴǲӸĸȰ˵޽¼ң
ִ֣ŵŮ˽ܵĳţȺжʱ˵ۡ
͢˱۾ָų¼ڶԹµסʡ


26 
²״Ԫɳ, ںԺ꣬һֱڴ£ƽʱר򽻵
, ͢Ȼó˰
ǵ˰漰Ůӵ֮ϡ¾ڵ˶ûи, ѡǰԺϢ¼ڵӹͲܻضԺˡϼ˴ϱȥù벻ɵ¡
á
͢óλܵܳ͢ʵһԡ
Ϸ¼ڶڵϹš
ִᡣԴ¼, ҹҹجεļ尾, ɷ˶, ѩϼ˪, յĶۡ
Ǿ³¼ҵȨƣ׼, ү, ¸ϻˣ
ȥ, ˵¸ڰеûΪ֮£׼ô˻һ, ѹһԹ֮ʱҸȼ, ɷɻԼɳַܽǵıָ, ҲҪ¼ԩ
˵һ, ¼ھͷһ, ϡ
Ϊ鷢ȥ, νϵץҧ, Ҳܱ֤ݡ
²ѯǷ֤ݣ¼۵ӹһ˿⣬£Ǳץֳôºۼ
Ͽóһˤϵ壺һѰҼңҷʱģ
¼Ц綪ˣԭǱʰã̰¡
ϣһƬͭǮСĻɫ̥ǣ
¼ڣСʱںϴ裬ɷ򿴼ˣҡ
û£
͢ʵӣٿϣϥϵҲͣڶԸŶǵ޲캦֮£ϵŭʵҲװġ
ڳ¼ҧʱϿɷ򣬺Ȼͷ䣬ݶϣ¼иʤСˣһϪʱʤİס
ɷ͵̧ͷĿѵس¼ȥ
¼Ҫ֣͢͵һӣ
¼ܾϱϵɷһȭУʱ²ڸ˹ϵɷһԣٴʤˣ
ԣ¼ڲǵѪؿϣЦʤ߰꣬ᱳ֤ˣʵǿʤҲù
һӺʤ˴ڳ¼һʼƱ磬²׷ȥ³ŵ羿ʲôλشȻԲʱʤڱ㣬Դ˳¼ڵ֮١
¼ڻϣʤᵽһСˣԷҲų¼ǰϷ޼Уͨ籨š
С˼һ𣬰ѳ¼ڼϵľװס
ǵģǶԩң
¼һ˵죬͢ǰԩɤӶҪˡ
ֻ͢ޱؿɷǿ鸾ߣʣԩȥ֪˵
ˣѺȥ֪ţ
͢ʵ̱ϡ
¼ڼ˾ȻҪ·ŭ֮£˦Сˣܡ
ǰԺãѳ͢ʵǰĸǵŵݸεݸǧأ˷լͽ߳ʲô޴ӵ֪Ȼˣ˵Ϊ棬ǸҲжʧ֮ʵͬգԻϡ
ĸײʷǣͳݷ¶ǣ˾ޣЩǰݶԼοǧ֮ңֻҪܼʱãаԩݺУ¼ҵ㲻𡣡
Т¶壬ҹͨûΪԺ¿ǡ
¾ڿŻʪ޵Ĵ꣬ȴ˺Ĩۣȴޡ
Ȼ洫
¾ڵһãƼ¼ҰӴܵӰµ˽Цһ׷ȥ
ʱĿУ¾šų¼ڵĸ첲Ѻ˻
¼ڷɢң߰ԵڵĦĺۼ
²ڴϷ޹ˣ֪š
á
͢ʵֳǰ˫ֳֳ°ڣ޵ñ֮ǰκһζҪң磬ȻɺޣɼҵĶӰǳ¼ҵĹ⣬ôؿȥ
͢ĿؿԺӣɷǰû飬οŵģδǳ¼ҵѪ
͢ʵһ٣ŵͷ
͢°ڣλϣҲ˵
ɳ͢ʵؿֱִģ
͢˶٣°ϵ۵ϳʱòʶԺˣҲ֪ڴµЩɷǰʲôοЩ͸ɫԣϸ֮ǽԭ˽飬Ϊɵദ
£Ǳãǵ̫̫˷£ദƬƺҲûʲôˣܻôһй¶ۼ˲µ˹ҡ
֮⣬²ʤ˿¼ڵĶУֻҪʥּϺźôã
ȻûҪߵܵܡ
͢ʵ𾪵죬ǲϸôȴһЩ棬ϸµЦȸĶˡ
ɣ˯ôΣ治Ķӣ
ת֪͢ʲôɫ˼֣ƾòڳϣԷֱ棬㿴ӷʶ¼һģһ
͢ʵ۾ᣬȴϵı磬ǻıүҲ
ף޷Ӹ˶ʮñ޷ܶﶼģ
͢ôҲԵóۣģѾڣ֪¹һٰй۲졣µĶӣ¿϶֪飬Ȼż֣ʹңֻΪֻ
ȷʵǸð취͢ʵϲˣһ˿ϣʣ֤ҵĶӣܾ𣿡
͢⣬ӡ
ʵҲⲻˣֻô˵õܵҲ̫ܡ
˵ֶֶӣǶǸҼŮ񸾣ҲֽͽΣ
.
ݳǣ֪š
֪ų¸ϼҵĴˣسӭӡ
²ûף£ҲǸ飬ֻԭί֪һ飬Ϸ޹
֪˼ת˺ü䣬¼Ҫףӣ
²ڿһۣɷʤ˵Ŀ֤ܶϣѾо˾֤ݲ㣬һѰ֤˹Эˡ
֪ˣ¼Ҫһף
æ˹ˣڴµϰҵжţӶ˵ˣһˡ
²ڲϲ̬ȴҲûҪ˺齫¼¹һ
ҹ²֪Ρ
ڰ۲η¡¼ڡ
¼ؽģ͢һˣֶˣȻǿһĴ϶͢ЩûϢݣɺݶȥҲŸˡ
²СƳ͢²⣬͢Ѿ˽顣
ټϻǺӾȻ̳һЩò
ǿҲȻҪˣǰǸϰɡ
±סӣ˵һ
¼סˣ֮ͻȻץסµ죬һȭһȭشȥ
ްǻʵĳ¼ã͢ôܻҪ
²ĿȰ۵سŶӵŭ
²ʱǰ㣬Ȼȥ
һ磬²˸ǣʱ󣬵ִլ
ܵ͢ܣһ
Ϊ常ģ²ڽ¼ڸϵĻˡӵ
͢ʵصͷ¶Ĳֽ
͢ʾⳤ£סܵܵļ򣬵ûκδǳ¼ίԸ⣬һд飬ҡڼڣΥѵɷ¼ҵãд齫ţˣܶĹϵҲڸΪ𡣡
͢ʵûôԶɴʲôǵˡ
ֳĹó͢ʵҵ˻ŵĸоٶӿʹعȥ
͢
ؿ⡣
͢ʵ޹ˣŵҶģǻ޹ˣϻᣬؼҸļҲáô죿ҲҲˣʲô
͢סڳڣһĽ͹ȥȻף˵̫أ㽫ȥУ游ٱš
͢ʵͷ˴ٵϡ
Ȧˣ͢ƣϣһŶͷ
ϴӲ߳ĬĬһ衣
͢һ̾
һ㶼ۣڷ˰ɣǼĶãȲ鷸ƣҲϴСæ롣
͢


27 
²뿪լ, ֱӻ˹ۺá
ɶȥѧöˣڴμ䣬һһߵųŵɷ
ԺѾǸɷ, ӿ죬ߴЬ, æϡ
²ҹݳ˯ģĻǳʱۣЩ壬׿Ȼء
, ֪Ǳôģ
еʡ¼ڱϾǹΨһֶ, ɷõ, ʶؾ, ɷܻϣ֪һ档ʱһֱڰοõϱ, ɷ򶼳, û˸¼ھķ˰, Ǳԩˡ
¼İˣһἵ, ɳ¼Ƿҵ, 㲻Ȱ룬һɷأ
²ڿ֤ȷ, ŵ󰸶ӽ̡
𾪵סؿڡ
²ڣӦ, Ѿ׳, Ҳٰõܿ, ˵Щϧ֮ʡ

, ͷ
²Ҫ˱ˮԡǱͻȻһŲ뵽Ǳ̽ͷ̽ԵСѾߣ²ȥ鷿
ȻûãТˡ
ֵ鷿˵
ТںǾȣҪ
ȻТСʱͰȥ˾ǣϼҵõû̫ĸ飬οõ޲๼ֻ̫⣬۴⣬һӣܵˣ϶ڸǰذɣ׾Ͳ¶ʹʧи̣
ؼôãТ翴ˣ׶ԵܵܿɱȶЩӿݡͷˣֵǸ¶׸ֱӼҷź
ĵ٩²ڷеüͷŮǶӦõģңϼТ˳ĸʮ꣬ϺĸҲ޷Ĩ֮ǰТûж壬ΰھʩչĸһһǡ
׶ԶȻ̬ȡ
ܲҲţΪԱȴ֪ʷԹ˭
Ϊ˶룬õܵݽֻĸԼ֪׵ܵܳ²Ҳй¶
Т֪ϣ룬ȥլѰĸˡ
϶֧ɷɷҪܣҲ
Т׾Ͳ¶
ЦĲںںٸܵܣ
Тڣ
ϣˣѾˣǶѧãôܻˣû㣬϶ãϸײȥ
Тֻûȥӡ
á
̽ǰԺĶ˹
º󣬻շϷĳ¾ڣô£㲻ȥ
¾ɢôøģͷӲҲʹĸһˡ
Цˣһ㶼żֵû飬⣬¼ڱϾõܣܻ㡭
¾ڿԼͬʲôοҲδõܡ

ɱʲôˣɵشյ¾ߣĻӣСʲô˼ôģ
ڣɴ¾ڿ͸۵գٿ˫峺Ư۾ָָԼĴңҾ͸㡣
ɫһ䣬ˤؿڣתҪȥ
¾ȴӺ˹ץסļһѹſϡ
¾̧ͷĳˣˣӣƵĴطˮɫ
ò̫ޣѹס
ȡ˱꣬¾ڷԾؿȥ
Ϊϵլܻˣȥ٣ʰٳԱߣɻ̫ʵҲڸϵ׵ܵܣܼѾǺܴĸˣƲ壬ȥ£
¾ζؿһۣҲʵҲ㲻ҲƲң
ЦԸȣʲôᲢۣ
¾ڣģĶһ͵͵ۣΪûи˫С̫źұ֤㲻ʲô

¾ڣµòȻ˾Ӻմߣƫϲģ˱Ŷһкϡ档
˵ԺҲⶼµģҪ֤ݡ
¾ڶ˶٣һʹԺˣʤСˣų¼£ʱ϶¶ۼ硣֪ˣͷҲ֪ˡ
ڶǰôΡɷ򱻴ȷұ٣ֹȥһ꣬˵Ѿˣ£¼Ǽҵ֣ͷôܻɰִ⽫·ƣ취ǮϷޡ
Ϊ¼µĶӣͷӲ޷ܣ취ںϷһѣǸԩ
ԣͷӶ̬ȣǰ˿롣
ţײˡ
¾ЦЦһֱͷӡ
ԥسˣֵ塣
¾ڣҾٸӣͷɱһˣȫа취£ҷͷӣΪһֻ۱һֻۣ
Ĭ
¾ڣ㿴ͷֻˣûκѪԵϵ㶼ΪͷˣοͷӶֶӣ
βŵŸףɱˡ
£ɫҲָ˼ᶨ
¾ڿΪǸϣʱй״ԪҲǱã
ܽͣôڸ봺ǣĸϡ״Ԫݲûʲôϡ棬Թ壬Թ׸Щ꣬Ϊ͢ΪյľϹᡣ
ϳ¾̽ߣһЦΪҵĸףҰݼڡ
¾ڣ
Ϸˡ
Ƶͨ˷̸ЦЦȥӭĸ
¾ҡҡͷϿš
ϸŹϱ߽̬һԼǰƹˤҲͰˣô˹߻˲
ʧոճʱ̫ãˣ߲·ĸ£һص
¾ڣ
ֻǷһͷӣ㲻˵ͷӻô
ϿӵĶ΢΢죬ĵҺöӵƤҲûк޿ɾҩ
ҹǸ˵¶Ժ¡ֻӲڣ˳¼ڵİӡ
Ӧãֻ˶׷Ҫͺڷˣ״ף϶Ҳܡ
ϣ̸֮ܶӱʲôҲǵóеġ
¾΢΢۾ôĸ⻰еָɣζ
ŻС֣׶ϵĶӣ˵еļϱ֪ĸǷ·ӵģճһ⣬ȴȥӭһ¶ö˭أ׻ǵû̺ãֻί˺úõĶϱ
ͷЦ
¾һˣ콲ЩҲӷ¡
ϣ㵹ǸʵݵģʵݵûУҲޣֻܵû
¾ڣôʵݵģ飬󱳣Ҳὲ󱳣ҪߣǶĵطָͷȥԺ
ĸûֻǲ뿴ͷӡ
ϣָ˭ϡ
˵꣬뻪˵׻Ҫˡ
¾µأٴЬȻڴμĸǰ
ϣʲô
¾ڣ·Զϸ첲ȵģұȥ
Цжӱȴ¾ס첲ӲЦˡ
վ£ų¾ڽɵرĸҲһ̿
¾һֱĸױԺ⡣
վˣ߸ߴĶӣ̾һ߰½һߵҲɼˣﲻ˵úøӣһ㣬𶯲Ǻˡ
¾򴽣Ժߣĸͷķתȥ
͢ԺǰֻߵѾߡ
ϱ鵭ƹȥˡ
͢


28 
¼ڱϾǳֶ͢, ֪˰ʵݵ˾ǡ
˳Ըºʺ񣬶Ҫбƫ̻ĳ, Լ˽Է֤һһǰҲװͿ, طԷ
˳ԼڸԼں֣ȫѳڸ
ǻͬͷ⣬оͰ͢
͢ƫֶ̻, ˳ۻһ, ҽڴ¼һٰٷ, ɳ͢ƫ̻, ԰ֶͽΣ̬ȼ, Ǿ˳ҲͲٷ, ׼˶Գ¼ڴԽ, д˽Ҷݸ
Ҷ͵ʯĳ¼, ѾǾѮ
͢Ҷ, Ҷڳ¼լԶڣһСݣĸΪ, ٴθ˲̰ڰա
͢ʵ
ĸӹ֪, ò˶þҪն, ϴų¼ҵĺ, ˵ȥԶһ¡
Ժ, ʣ³͢ʵһӡ
Ѯˣż򼹱΢վǣԵúǿ
ȴûаͬ飬̰ۻǳ¼ڻ񸾣ⶼǷߵ£͢ʵȻ޲
¾ڣֻ͵λּΣ¾ڶˣܻг裬г裬Ҳհгѡã¾ھɱˣôܽ˸ʮñ
͹ֶΣײ˳¼լߵؾʱٰѳ͢ʵʵ˴ȥͽţ׷ơҲ޷ڹͷϡ
.
͢յֵĵڶ죬լһλ͡
ͨɥɥ˼Ҳ˳ţðȻҲʧ񣬳зɡ
Ȼǹͣ͢Ӷ˹ǰ
լ⣬ΧһȦֵİա
һϱԭڼɨԺӣɨ²ظȺм䣬ǰһ̽ͼլſͣһʮɵŰ˸ǿ׳֮ǰվһλͷƹ۵ķӣӰˮͰ֣
˭
ϻݳǾһ˵˭
ʱ͢ӳˣɳ͢ͷ񣺡ݼү
ǶϣȻڶڼңûйְԳơ񡱡
С۾Цշ
һѣг͢
͢һۣ֪үúᣬкιɡ
ûмŻش𣬶ԼСӣЦеش͢
͢ˡ
͢ʮŵʱ򣬵ĸ̫ǰݺݿһͨ͢Գ͢Ϊȳ͢ʮ˾ˣĸְѳ͢䣬ж֮ʾжܳۿݸλѳĲӵ׳ʲô
ʱĳ͢Ȼض˵ǣѾʮĳ͢ɷ档
͢ǰ΢΢ƮףԼӵֲ֪ͣЦǺǵؿʮ겻Ϸɲ갡
͢үޡ
Ŀɨʹ壬ʵûʲôÿģĿ֮ʶûء
⣬լ棬֣˼֣Żϴָ㣬հʵģܸʥѵʱʱ̱̿޲
⵹Ǹɡ
͢үڡ
һҡڵؿ˽ȥǶ棬ֻһĸС
ռһЩ˽
˵ϵ游ʱʸϵĲףΪүӹƣүӲʤˡ
꣬㲻ҪˣûЩ
һۿǶʱٿɢȥ
Զã˳۵Ҷɷнµع£ݡ
͢ĸҲֻøһݡ
ֱ꣬λϣվһĳ͢ҡͷϧ˵Ҫ׸ˣ̫̫ߵ治ʱ򡣡
²ڡТڡ¾ڵȥ
͢Ȼĸףǳи֮ˣܵүκź
ô˵̫̫Ϊ˼˲ûģ㰡㣬̫ڼˣ֧ϲλǸк̫̫ٶٺǧа
֣͢ү⣬ĸˡү𽵹ٺᣬ񱾸÷ֻǲҪΪĸү£ˡ񲻶
ȴ󿿵αϣĦӰֵչҵĺֶŮ˳ת̫һ⣬˼Ҳģֻʹˣʵܲ˳
˵ţӻȡһУϡ
͢ˣӵȥ빫
¾俴˳ȥ
ƺ͢ĶǣոǸ
͢ǡ
üͷȻʲôû˵ȴŻµĲ޳ɣó¼ҵĶ䲻ϻʼҹ
͢Ȼ
²ޱ飬ТЦʱȴŴǡ
أЦУĬĬ͸̣״ԪΣΣǵþ
á
鷿ںլҲûŻʱ䡣
ˡ
ƼͻȻſڵվԱīĳæѵ
̧ͷ¾ڶһۣʣˣ
¾ûʲô飺ڣ˵ĺֶŮ̫
ĵͣ˱ʡ
һûдڵһѾȥٶˣߵѪԵϵ͵ˮ˭ĺֶŮ
ҪǸõģһҲûʲô
˵ûռ
ΣҲûʥϵճĹ
¾ڵһξãĿ˵Ƣͦɰ
ֲͷĸ׶ϲŻʱ򣬼ҲڵĿϷ顣
ұĽڣ¾ʡ
ԼĵĲɵ㡣
¾ھˡ
Զã˵һЩǳȴ޷ȥ˳ǰ״Ļϧôƣ͢ʼնǸԷĵĮ飬ʵûȤ
¾³֣˶ȥ
ɵأ
ŹĻоǵһ֮ƣ˳۳飬ĺʶʶ㰭޷ȾָҲǺõġ
¾Ц£үϾ
һֱֺͻȻˡ
÷ȥ˳ۣ˳۶Ὣ֮⣬Ҳ̫ţ
û˵ʲô֣͢ȻûգҲүˣү롣
һȥ
ߵúܿ죬͢ƵߣеĳⲢԣǰʻһξˡ
ТЦЦʵܵܣô˵ģûȥǰ
¾ڣһүһҸҴһ𴩣˴ȡ
͢۽ǵļ˳顣
²ʾ̬ܵȶЩ
͢ϰˣ̫ϣȥɡ
¾ھֱȥ
Ǹлãڸĵɫ
̫ġ¾ڽзĻֽǰЩĵɨ
۳ơ
ƹȥ򿪽Уһ̷֧ʣ˳ϸ֬񣬼ȹš
ЦͨЩӣ̫Ǳ¡
֪λ̫ĸǲûΪǨŭԷ
ɡ
Žȥ˿ⷿ
¾ԱߣרעɫʣƺϲΪΣ
Ӧû˵¼ҵĶԹ֪ǹҲ̻׶һЩ
˵ͷӵİݼڣѾ¼ңͷӲϲģϲ
Ƴһۣ͵˵ɫԣûŮӻˡ
¾ڳĬ
óƻûʣ㲻ϲңĪ׽йأ
Ҳϣҹȷʵɫ

¾ѵһأԼҲûбŮˣֻᣬôס
˵꣬±ˣ


29 
լ֮, լָֻ˴Žգֻżɥ
˳¼ܻᱨõв¾Ҳĵؼǽȥԡ
ɽϵҰζ, кԲɽ棬˴ȴɿ, бӣȥӲٷŵһǸɽһˣʡ
ϱӻʳ, ÿնúٻ, Ҳݵġ
񱻳¾͵͵øҰζι˼, 䳯óһ׿ŰüƵذ֯ɥ, ֮󣬾;ø첲½С
üͷ΢, ߵӾǴȰ˸ߵǰ
˺ֵľ, ӳϰ
ѩ׵Ĳ, ΢۵ա
ôס
¾ڿʵϷٶڶߣⲻȥԼݰɫʲôϵ, ֻ, ̧°̫ͣ˵ʳƣǲǱȳǰ˺ܶࣿ
ԭͲ, ڱȽϷ, ڸǶӺݻĵ, ҲϲԼ
ɷһ, ־һ̬ˡ
ַɥ, Ȳܴ̫鱦Σֲܴͷ׵ƯȹԾͶû¡
ƺ幫ģɿŹ½ԽԼҪѳظ֪˵ѹҲţֻС΢һ㣬ֻ΢ǰװóҶûأֻһ㣬Ѽ򵥸ĸľܴˡ
ǣ򢣬Ϊûֳ˫°Ͷ˿ְҪı䡣
ƻ裬¾ڻˣȥ˱ӣһӡ
ǱߣԴŮҲûù⣬ҶѾǰɥˣԳԻˣϻ˷ǰиϱԺõء
¾ڽ͵Ըºգȥˮԡ
ϴúܿ죬·ƴ˽ϴЦһɽëӡ

æ
¾ڣԼģ
Ƶͷǰүɽβرɱĳ½Ưļ˺ܶ࣬ó
¾ڲ²ʣҪ棿
ƻǵͷ
¾û˵ʲôϺȲ衣
ӽȥãˣҲû¾ڣҪȥԺߡ
¾ڽס߰ɣ棬һӷɸ˱լǱ߿ͷӲٰ㵱Тϱô죿
ҪԴһͷӵ£߶ûϵͷӵ񡭡
ͷʱǡöϵ
ʵÿոյѶġ
һۣȴҲûٳȥʹ¾ڵѷƿ
¾첻ʵģ˫ֱַץסһ࣬ɱȥԱߡ
мĵطֽţһȹڣ
ӻȥߵʱһһ⡣
¾˫ֱվһ࣬һʼ·ȥӣſĿ䵽˻ϣơ
ܾû߹ˣƵò̫ãĴɣӰҲĴת
һת¾ߣ޳ͦεүʵԺӣĿһۣͼ¾ڵ۾ġ
Żವķɵϣץӣ߳ŭسȥ
¾ڽסӣҵӰЦЦ
ɣ÷ˡ׸֪ʲôĳơ
ʵ֪ģ϶ǹϰߵ裬Ǳ߳ЦͰѹˣ
ȥӣ¾ڰѷԭأ뵽ûôպã¾ȥҡ
ڴߣƳһۣϵĻޱش
ưֻ˫ղ졣
һΪֻаռҵŮϲԭҲǸи֣ٻӰѣѩ෭ɡ
¾棬ά
ҧҧ
ѩ෭Ǻôʣɴӳ¾ڵ³ͺմȾ˱ζ
ԺҪߵģһó¾Թۡ
úõģôͻȻ뵽Ҫˣ¾ʡ
Ȼɡ
˼֣¾Ǳ̫ɻǲ۾ʵ̧ȥ
¾Դα۾ţ·ڼ¡
¼ҶˣȴֽӢҲֻб۾Գֳ¼˶е
ˣ
ʣϾȥһ죬ˣߴ߳
¾ҡҡͷûУ顣
ʲô
¾۾
ĿԵ˲䣬裬ٸҺ˯档
¾¶Σα¡
Ҳ֤ˣոĵȷʲô£
ȥ档
⽥
ˣһһŸӵӣǵٴ򿪡
ҲںãƳһˣš
¾ڽҿӣ¶һյúӣɢ˵

¾ӣֻյŴûôͱһ
ã㡣¾˵ţҪеߡ
ֵסڣȥЩˣֻء
¾ס
ӣһزˡ
治Ҫ¾ھٸ߿ӡ
޶ԡ
¾ھԼˡ
һӳ˴һʱ¾һΣǲԡ
¾ڲٿ
ȥ
˿ڣԸƣյȥ԰ߡ
¾ڣ춼ˡ
û
Ƶ˵ȴ¾˹ȥ
ֻҪ壬˭㶼һֻڳ¾ڸʱ򣬾Ҫû˵ҲͰˣһȥأ
¾ĬĬŵ
С԰ú棬ʱģҲûбӰ
ʼС԰Ȧ
ƵȦ¾ںȻʣӣǲ⣬ĪǾԼˣ
޻̸֮ĸ˵ʣôԶ֡
¾ڣȻ֣ʲô

ֻ̽¾ûзˣȻûгû۾˵Ϲ
Ժֳ︡˿񣬸ֳ˫ҹɿ֣ʲô׵ģ
Ըڡ
һڣȻڻ԰˰ʱΪЬЬ̫Ŷˡ
¾һʼߣڻ԰мʯϣ
ʵ߲ˣƵͨõ·ڣҲܳ¾ڣȥ
¾ڼ׷
ԡѾˮϢһƽȥԡȻƣȴޱ㣬ֻҪôȥݲ
ϴصң¾Ѿڴˡ
棬һЩˮ֪ϴ˽š
Ϩ˵ƣϣΪ¾ǲʵһֱǷֱ˯һӡ
ˣ۾Ҫ˯ȥ
¾ڵͻȻӱ˹ȷʵ߰˽ҾǷǡô治ü
ֻˡ߰˽
ƽʱˣŪǹ䵽϶жϸ˾Ųʮ
Щҹ¾ڻǽţǽſţЩصĻᡣ
Ҳô룬ҪԭӡĮȻ´ٿұȴѣ֪Ժ㶼ҡ
¾ڣ
߰˽˵ôأ·һ
ĸϲڵӣֻǣ뵽Ĺ߰ʱҲҪȥ¾̾ƿӣɡ
üʲô
¾ؿڣſҵôã˼

ȷʵ֪ĻЧҳ˳¾ڣûбĺʽ
ȥ߼Ҳָ֪ӵſȥ뻢ڡ
¾ھʹվߡ
Ų˹ȥ
¾һıһֱ䣬һȦɫϴα㣬˴һ

ôоںŪأ


30 
, ȴãϣůů, õĻᱻɹڡ
Ŀν˴ܵ˻԰
ɡɶ, ǰһЩɱȸС꣬ͦ׳ģһӲʡ
԰Сһ۾ͿʯԵĹ, ˵˹ȥ, Ҳѽ
ЦſֶŮ
²ڶȳ, ȴЦ, С΢ԵЩľګ, ĸĸ, ȴԹɺǿ, ůС̫ǳϲ
ͷ, ˳ɹɹ̫, Ҳá
ָָԶùҶķȻߺǣոȦһ˼ڼء
һ, ȷҶˡص
Сӡ
С, , ܵ԰һƬյ, Ŵߴٸ㣺, ȻҪˣ
˶Թ͵Ǻܾˡ
ע⵽һЦǿȥɣ￴档
Ǿܿˡ
ɡһǣһͷӣˡ
ӯɶضʵʵһͦߡ
Ŀתؿš
ƴչҪҪȥ棿СʱҲЩء
ұͣȦ·Ȥζ
⶯ܹһȥʱ˳ͬˡ
ƺӡ
ĸӲܹͣȥɰĴ࣬ˤûˣͻһƬЦ
͢ϾסĴãԱߡ
Цһһش͢üͷ飬ߵϵȻѳɥЦҲʡ
Զǽ̵ͬˡ
Щѧһӡ֪ѾĲˡ
Ҳû溢˵Ѿ÷÷ȥ˵һ
÷£ûûˣݣϣٿϷˣΪصүϷˣСүһأֻ͵͵ۣûҹȥ
һԵɷ򣬹ôˣҲ񣬺οɥڣϽȥ˵ǼҸϲˣйطš
÷ܵ棬ͷЦüڶ
͢εؿޣù˵Цɺͳ
Ϸߣ÷Ҫæȥ̴Ь
͢ȥʲô
ϣ÷˵ȥ˵
͢ҡҡͷˣô
Ժɹ˻̫԰ˣ˹ȥ
˸ʯԱߣĸӡ
˿ɣСԹǳ棬ҵ֪ˣ϶ѵǡ
Цǿô죿
Ƥҿ˵뿴ǹҪ£ҵ㲻ҹˡ
֪С飬ͬˡ
һ߳Ըһ͵һתԶɵǻȥҲô˵
ÿɵӵŵܵܣ󲮸ԼҵֲǣӶߵæġ
ǼС죬ʱȥΣȻֳԵġ
ͷĸЦеسһů
ЦųϣŻǡ
˺ĸԼʯ˳
Ůͷϱһ
ǵ˵ģ仨
ϼװʲôҲûųһ㣬ȺˣŶԻʱһΣҲˣֻί˹֦ҶȴҪСլ
Ҽ⡣
ϣúúã˵Щģʮ³ˣ֪ʲôӣ
¶棺ʲôӣ
ϳãЦĵʵôˣʲôҸ˵ɲΪٳʲôֻر𽲾棬ȻС棬Ҳǳ棬˵ǰ˾ǡ
Щӣǹʮ꣬ǰҹԶ棬ڶгĸˣˡϴףԼСңļУСԼԺٰ졣ҲˣҲһθϱ˵
Ķ˵һȻסѣֻ˷
ϴϱϱ϶ôġ
ЦϱĸѵñίˣΨˣⱲϱϵ׽ˣ˵Ҳ˾
ģһóúø볤棬Ҳ⣬˿϶ˡ
Ϻߵ˵ʡ⣬ϸ¿Ƣ
.
ҹĻǱڴһڡ
վ£Ŵ߹үӭȥѹԹͬصôʱŻΪ˵ûء
¾ڰﶪ֪ڴμ䣬¾ߵμ䴰⣬űպϵĵ͵ʵˣֻϪʶĽַϴѣϳңʱϣû뵽һֱڡ
Ҳ֮ǰϣװרϴѷĵȻĸߡ
ڿ飬Ե֪ˣгɣ÷ûȥԡ
̨ϵĹ۷Ըͯȥ£һŴڶૣĸΡ
¾ϸζûŭ
Ǳ߽гȥȣ¾ȥˮˮͻˣո糾͵سȥҪ
ߦãˮһ죬¾ڵϴҲܿ죬ʪһˮһϱ㺹ζʣ
ͷɲɵؾٻϸɾѣϷ
Ӵμһۣȥǰ¡
¾ڴɫǰҲûʲô
´˹
ֻǳ¾һͷͼмһ쳣ƯĺɰˣұܵذһǰרĽţ⡣ţϡаռҵţȥԲţţٷʣ˲֡
ô⣬İ̡
ȻǱҲƵỊֻ̇Ƿһ룬¾ڻǾòԾ
һۣĸ׸˵ˣǳ棬԰ɡ
¾Ŀ΢䣬̽ؿĸ棬ˣ
Ȼأһһ治ɣ
¾ЦЦЩζȻͳ
΢΢߬ӡ
ϱӵĽҲôζؿһۣ˹ˣʹҪͷǳסȻƵĲҹ
Ѿڵֲָ
ѾǶºҲ
¾ڹ߻˳Ÿıӣ̽ıûҲû˾˹
۾ıϢȴһɨȫ
ƫͷ֮ңģױ̨һСƿƿ滹űӵ
ǰȡŽȥġ
ϱӣҲǼա
֪սµʱֹ֮ͣǰЩʲô
¾˵ûŮ·ñ˿
̧֣عסĲӡ
¾ڸҪ͵͵ߵʲôҶ㡣
¾ڶһ١
ĲԼ֤˵˵
¾ڵϢأ˻ɫʣҩԶˣ᲻岻ã
·Ц£ǾͲԣ˯ɡ
¾ڣ
ˣ˭˯ţٷһκˮҲҪȰ˯ˣ


31 
¾ܸоĺ¡
ȥ궬, ҹ¶֮󣬰, ҹͱ˾һֻȻŻëȴûʲôսС, Ϊ𽥿Ļǲ
¾ûκνİ취˵˵ô˵ٶ࣬ı䲻Ҫܵʵ
˳һ, ǽ, ˽, ô, ·Ȳ
ϴβǲˣ
ͷʡ
š
ϴβһĹ, ּ, ˼ġ
¾
֪ڵȡ
ŬȥЩ, ƩعҹƩڹĸ￴, Ʃһ
ζ, ҲҪġ
ԣ԰ɡ
ģ¾ںȻ뵽취ʹ, ˭Ҳռ˭ıˡ
Ц, һ, ͵, ̧־Ҫ
¾ȴס, ɣһ£һϲ
ϲ˵
.
Щʱ򣬳¾Ǹڼˡ
ҩ϶ҪԵģȻҪԣǲҩԵøֵһЩɳȥʿɱһСɱɱֵ
֮ǰ¾ֽĹ˻
֪ˣҲף޶һأ¿ԺúϢ
̫ˣĿ֣űӶ㵽ࡣ
¾׷ֻ˯Ļˣ۾Ҫ
¾ĵؿһΣ

˭˵󡱣Ψԣ᳤꣬кܶء
һ¾ھˡ
ԭܵŴһ꣬յ޿϶ˡ
ȻǰҪû
¾һֱǵãĴ磬иƵб˵ˣ䲻
䲻¾˵˲㣬Ҳֻл
¾Ҳ֪СʲôʱֱȥְһͿۡ
һ̣£ˡ
.
һ˯˻ƻ衣
ԺʱоԼڻΣŵۣʵʹİβڣֻһˡ
ϵĵ塣
¾ڵ˼أֻǵÿνᱧιˮ
峿ǴΣȻʶģǴȡһűӵι£׶ͷ
˭أ˹ߡһɵĹһƤߡ
ĶᣬҲѾƼԼ⸱ӣǿĲ⻮µ桭
ﲻԡ
ͷͼ䰮ޱĵⴲϣһȭͷСĿ
Ե򣬲˹ƻ˺ƣһ㱻ʲôֲڵĶĥơ
洫˽Ų
ǳ¾ڵġ
ӣȫȫסԼ
¾ƿ˽ɫضŴϵĿ¾ӹһ˿Σ͵ҹ̫ãҵϥӲ̫󣬾ˡ

¾ָָ󣺡Ǳ߻һҪ᲻ãֲѾ߿Ұá

֪һ˶ҵѪ죬˫ֻ֣Լĳӣ
ץͷȥ
¾ƺһ㵹ڵϡ
Ϸ
ȥ˵ϴ
Լ۶ûϵİ֮ˣһҲһˣ
һȭһȭشڳ¾Ӳš
¾Ц˳ˣ¾סˣⲻû飬´ע⣬´Ұµϥ¡
ǰ˼ϲţЩźһЩʱ䡣
Լ֡
ֱˣ»¶һϵĻ״ۼ
¾ڣҵĴҵĴȥҩ
ѻشϣҪȥҩ
޺޵ؿıӰȸҵˮ
¾ڱȥˮ
뱧ιһ۵ʵˡ
¾ͼֲ
죬Ժ㶼˯᷿
¾ЦŴ
ˮˣֵ˳¾ڼۣѸѾĲ£ʹȥɡ
ơվţٽȥǶϴˮˮͰȥԡҡ
ƣҪҪæ
£ʲôҿɵͦġ
һ˸͸ǣ̫ˣһû˯ôо
һֱȻԡϣŴ򷢳¾һȥóΪͷ
ġ
˶٣òʣôǰԺլǱ߻᲻
꣬һ졣
ģҲţȥԺģ봰Զʲôˡ
ǷģҲûʲôֵýģ
ƿΣæתƻ⣺үүһȥ˵ǸʱںƲʲô
ˣг¾ڽʲô
ͦĽ¾ڵģ׸磬¾ƽʱô񣬸ǾȻ͡
ͬĸĸ㣬Էú޲óҲǱס
̫ܵСչţֻһĺã׸磬ϧ﹬סţһ굽ͷϼ档
¾ڼͰ͵صţֻò̫Ըؽ˳
²һʫʫҲãĿ
Т͵һֵܵǸͼҲãĿġ
ͣ¾ͻȻ͵ǲֵǮĶ͵ĳ֡
һ״Ԫһ̽ȻֶǸ֮ӣĸȥֵٽ𡣡
¾ڣģóȥԡ
Ŀģдģ㲻ӶһӶˣ·Լ
¾ڿЦǾ͵쿴Ҳ˳ңǡ
ÿɷŲҲӦ²졣
ˣʱɶǵãѵ˼˻
ﵹǴҪҪֵ塣
¾룬һͷĸס

¾ڣأ֪ҽûӻң
ЦҪҪ
¾ڣ
Էɣһˡ¾ڳ溰ƣȥ
Цȥˡǰǻ࿴˳ۣھ˶ƤӣϷ˼
¾ȥ᷿ˣһסݡīҡ
Ϸױ̨ǰһ롣
иУһѩ׵Ľ
ϲߣϱû͹ʲôβӡ
һĵĵԱ߼򵥹ճͦɽ
һ岢ĵʺϣߵɽֲӲģȴ˰ġ
ӽ䣬ˡƽ֡
һ֣ô֣أҪ´μôƵġ
óӣսС
Ըֺˣ߽ңƸںĳ¾ڣȡӣɫصݸϾҲùһΣɡ
¾ں⣬ӹӣͷꡣ
¸ϵĵӣûпž״Ԫ̽ǲôһ򵥵Ĵ塣
ĵɽ
¾Цˣ߹ȥԼҪϵСͷһס
ƤҪʹˣ
ʲôɽ壬͸һͷţ


32 
¼̫̫Ѯŵ, Ҳ˵ȹԪڲã²ֵܾ͸óˡ
, ͢ӽе鷿
鷿ߵǽϹһ߼ͼϸע˱ʮʡ¸صλ, ͬʱҲϡڹ˽
ͼ·һɳ̣һЩС졣
øϣȻɥڼңòĸõǵ¿һû¡
²ڡТݹվǰ, ¾ɳǱƳ˼, , ǲͷӡ
͢, Ǿ͸óˣվ, ȥ͸д, ҲǰǰŹְ
ǵĹԱ, ιְµĹԱ油һֱȱ, ȹԱ, ٿµְλ
ͬԱȻвͬĴƩ͢о˳۵, , Ȼٸԭְ, Ե²Ա, 类, ŶӵµĿȱҪ¡
²ڵʱһΪ٣ĸĸ׽Ǹĸʱֵδ߾ТڼȻլΪĸɥһʱ䣬븸׳ȫ
͢ǵТףﱲɥһǶӳɥǾТˣô죿ѧǺТˣѧǣ˹ƣ
֪ǲ뵥ĸլҪӻûϵҪӶϱǰźĵز
ТЦףӲߣ᲻ĸĸףҲΪ廹̫С˳;
͢Ǿϱ뺢£һͬؾ
Тڣ౿ֱţʱӶĸ׷ϣӸĻؾˣһµĺá
˴һȥƳһƪڡТ
¾ڲͷǰ߲ߣ빫϶ؾ
˵꣬˾ͳȥˡ
Т͵鸸ס
͢صغϣǻȥرǲùסίҲûĵĲТϡ
á
ӣˣֻŻߣ̬ӯȶ壬ҲС
Ƴ¾ڣʮȳ¾ǰӣ΢΢׿·Ը
ʱ䣬ʵ֪Ϊ˺¡
¾ƳĵƵϵǸд飬ûؾְ
ϱӵĻ䣬۾ˣ޲ʰҾͶ
ɵڶ£ĸһŹ˵²ڡТڶϣݸѰȱְ˼Ϊ͢ЧҲТĸ
ԱԴǵ٣ϲҶҪҲôģ¼ֵܾȻڵطȻԸȫ˵Ҫ¸ӡ
ĸָһ˵֪¾ڿ϶ҲһݾТ»˲û˵ԽˣԽҪݣȻȥ°ն²ڡТԶТһɥǰˣ
ĸ˵ʽҪ¾ȥƷָ£¾ں⣬ȴ׼
ĸôȴܳɹó̵ľֻòȻĸʱΪ˴ҪܵһЩǲϲ£ɻ֪ĸ׶ΪǺá
ҲôͻȥϣӹƵӣһ߲һߵ
¾ڲؿ
ߵǧӾߣֻլľһ꣬ǧرȥ̫ˡҶˣһдŸʣݸҸȱʱúõҳûˮУڡԶɣҪȥɳڣȥ¥Ͽ̲ͥ
ȻҪģðʰˣ
¾ڣ
ھͿڣʲôϵĬƬ̣¾̵ٶ飬Ϊ˸ɵг衣
һЦ˳
ùĽӽƣбų¾ڵ˵ò£汸ķԸг裬ʲô¡
¾ЦʮˣҲСһعѡ

Цζˡ
ϸ۲¾ڣڰɣһһǧĹˣҲֵƽϣ
¾µغȿڲ裬ȻߣҸ˵ɣǱӦҲʾϡ
ͷҲС
¾ڣȥд顣
Ϳ鷿᷿ȥҪʱͻȻһģܿá
ɻҪȥģ
ȻҲͷ
լͨԺеţԱ߾һȣֵͨܵԺӡ
²ڡТڸ׻ţͼȣ˫ֵԺӣ۾ţ֪ʲô
Тڿ˿ȡ
¾۾߽ˣʣǱߣ׼ô˵
ТڿֳˣǰݸĿȱĵ㲻һŻؾ㰲Ļȥǣչˣǣҡ
ǶĵܣȢ˹ҲԹϲȣǼûֵܷĸ
¾Ц£ԭҲô룬ɹ˵ˣТΪȣҪŸһؾ
Тһ㵣߸ϣȻƽ⣿
²ڿõķ򣬵磬ǳ¼ҵĸ֡
¾ûֳһĵأ
ھȥд飿¾վСŶʮһ꣬ȴΪ˸ĸ綼ҪһЩ
ס
¾ڶԳ̴ֵ磬ȥǱߵ鷿˵ɡ
²΢΢죬漴ĵˡ
ۺãɷˣеߣ͸ƼСҲˣߴӢȻҧҧͷԼġ
²ڷԸѾ߱裬ֱӴĵȥ鷿
£ʡ
¾ڣû£дɣдųһݡ
²ڣ
¾ھһӷŵԣɫҪѵԼ¾εݣ϶ҪһТҪݵ䣬ҪôīˮҲȥ״Ԫˡϰæдһ⣬Ƥ񣬾ҪȥϹĿҲں
²ڣ
ĵܲ¶ˣ¼Ҷˡ
²ޱϣĲΪܷΪ٣̨˹ȥī
¾ֳ֪ҪԼҵį̄ﵹˮĦ
²üͷ
¾ڼˣĪҪϣҲ
Ͼˣ¾ڷīǻ֬⣬ҲΪȤ
²û˼Ƭ̣̿һѰֽӱʼȡһ֧ʣմīд
νֵ״ԪɣѾ˶֮꣬ȴȻ棬Խ
СѾ˲ˮǰ͵͵Ƴ˼һۡ
²רдûв¾ڿ
ЩŮˣͶϲˣͬʱӢôֻɣţ
һĥīһߺ˼룬²֣дˡ
¾ھҪֽд
²ڿԼǰףûȥûˣдһ⡣
ֵдһݣԱֲɵӡ
¾תīˣЦ۵ս
صã¾ֱ鷿ţһݴŵ̬
ӡ
һյĹ򲻵¾ڳˣŸдõ飬ݸɫ㿴ôдвС
˵ⱲӣϱӻҲû¾дʲôȥƽңҲд顣
ȷûкӹ飬վſڿ
ƽĶۣ¾ڵֻѰȴһķǣǲ䣬ʵ˴ྶͥ
ɵʣոȥˣ
¾ڣͷӣҪҿ϶Ҫк
ش顣
¾࣬ʣĲɱȣΣ

ͻǲôأ


33 
, صĹԱʼǵӣһ㱨½ǰϰꡣ
鷿ȼϵȵ˪̿, Ÿʡĸ󡢵ܵܶдһ飬ͣ±ʴ˴֡
, ůЩ۵ص
¼ҵլõĶǴֽ￪ɣﴵ, ȴ͸, 義Ǵٹõ, ŵ, һգ̿Ҳůڡ
¯, תһȦ, Ҫʰ, ȱæȻһҪĸдš
ûһĸ, ֻаֳ
˳һĸ, زֻаֳƽƽ
ֳ귽ʮȾ˳Сʮ, ˳ۻŮ, Ȼĸ, ȴΪ谮
ֳʮ, ʮͳ˹Ѹ, ԹˣȲҸֲ볤ҹį
ʷھ˳ǰ氲ֳ״Ϊùɫͳϣ˳۳ѵ롣
˳Ǹ̵ܻˣֻ˼гǲįڹ޺ΪʲôҪȥ棿
ھ˳۵£ֳңֵŮˡ
ףֳó֣ϲӹȤСֶĸ׺ݻʺţȥĸĸסһʱ䣬ˡ
۳ƣȥš
Ҫ̹ĸαУѾҲҪ
ķŶд꣬սŷӡãԸȥһ𽻸
°Ѯ¾ںȻҪˣ㲻дŰꣿ
дˣŶˡ
¾ڿȻʣдû
һۣȴҲûзϡ
¾ЦˣеϧȻа취뾩֮ǰ͸ȥ̽̽ȡЩ
ţ۵
𣬳¾ڿʼžǵţϧҲҪż٣ŴҪܵ
Ϧ˼˷ı¼˳һٷǳӵҹ
ȻصģͷıȻȴ뻳̫̫ȣ˶ڴµһꡣ
صãݽţ׼˯ˡ
¾ҲݺˣгֻϢϨơ
ѾɽѵĻɵؿһۡ
¾ڴߣĿؿϴҲΪ׼һ񡣡
ڴģɳ¾ˣȴʱ֣ص鶼й˵ȴȫǻ绰
ĮȻصš
¾ڽ̽½󣬶˶٣ΪسţֻȥǸɫСط
һĮȻ
¾ָ޳ǽڷͺ
ʱָ⣬һƽƽĺС
򿪿¾ڽеݹ
ǺУȻܿһҲǸ̵֮
ŵĶ϶Ҳոճ¾ڲǹǫˡ
һڴƿչ
ӣ¾ڿ
ͳһǣڵ£ӳĲ˫ָˣ͸Ź⡣
İףֻѰɫҲѪ٣οɫĵ
һֱ򿪺еһ㣬ŷտҲ
̧ͷ
¾ЦˣʲôӾٹǾͳˣ㵱ӾǴĶɫѣڰ£Ӹպô
ȥǶӣôССһһ˫ӻֻ
ڲͼĻ¶ӣתѡ
¾ѸٸӺ§סһһµѩ׵Ĳྱ㳤ðף춵ÿ
ץӡ
¾ļͷ̧ңĹ޹ҲҺǹȻܰ㡭
û˵꣬յתס졣
¾ץסӣ³ţˣҩһ⣬ǧӾǴģ˶С˷˶ãǽǰࣿ

¾ڣɶϴ㲻ԺҹҹҶס
¾ȴ°βȥϨˣʵʵڸڱѣһԡ
ʵ̲סʹһš
¾һˣؽǶ׵ϣȥ˯
˼գǵҩվû˷ѡ
.
Ѯ¾ֵܳ˷빬ʹҲͬʱִ
²֪ǰĴһƷ
Тݸ½ƽ֪أǰĺԺһƷ
¾뾩ǰڽָ£ָ£ƷҲ൱
һֵܶݸְڱļܣɾ˳س͢ССƸֺη˶֪¼ֵֻһְˣͻų͢һؾٸԭְ
͢żߵлʥּ
ιȻСֻ˳æתҪʹ͡
͢һҶͣһ˸н鱦Ҳ޳С
ɻؿۻ˸Ǹ¼ҵģôûŮͣ
ͷ䣬СɤϸضԻҪȥˣݳǸū澷ּ⣬ѾΪðһ԰ӣλϸʹͣūҲֱ̧԰ȥˣ¹ҵʱ򻹵°ȥʱ䡣ū澰ɣ
۹ĸЦȻǸʴլͲһˣİܵһҪ㡣
£ǰЦŽһǮСС
С˵صллһԶū澣żˣһ¡
˵꣬СҴܳլϱһ߼źɫĽУټҴܽЦеضԻˣ׼һū澴˵滹һţԻס
ģͨͨԽԽ졣
ֻҸ¾һʱˣīߺڣʱ򱣳ɫ糣ࡣ
ðɡ
¾ȳһӹУֻһ㡣
ʣô£
СЦ˵ˣòײѰıޱȣ÷ִ򿪲ųɡģһ·жúõرū澳ū澣û
ͷĸˣȥҪĸתҵл⡣
㿴װ䱦ĽУȻ˳¼˵ߡ
УΪʼҵ˲ȱ鱦ô鱦Σʲôðֳ˿أ
Сڳլ˰ʱ뿪ˡ
뿪ȥ͢˵ʱ¾ھͽг£Żҡ
ֳ͹ĽУͰϡ
㿪ҿ¾ʡ
֪϶ЩĶϣ̫ĵģ
¾Ц˺򿪺иǡ
һţ»һӡ
ŵݸ
ţȴų¾Ǳߡ
꣬¾ڴӵڶһƬļ͸ĳ״Ƭ̣üʻι״ϵã

״ҪУ³ˣһˣܲ
޷װ


34 
ͷš
ĸȿľ, ˵¾ڲųףӦúúܼСڵĶʱ⣬ȸûôҪӡ
, ¾ûʲôģԼĲ˳¾ڵ, ˣȴͰ͵ûиס
һɣĸϸǶʹ÷ûֱü
һ¾, һ𿴡
ⶫҪˮһ, ʹǰÿˮһ, ʹúҪϴ, ¾ϵѾϴԼ, ʲôùܡ
һ»鷳ö֮߸
Ŭȥǻ, ſ
ԭôСĺ, Ȼװʮĸ˵, һʮ, ֶŮ츳ǾͲ˵ˡ

·𿴵˹ĸЦݵ˹ĸ٩
ܳ¾ûƼ, Ѹٻ˵ڶֽ档
ȻҳҲûж, Ҵһ, ½ֽŽŷ, ȳ¾ٿ, ˣ
ʱƳ˻¾Ķֱ͸ɴȴɴ߿϶
ʲôӣ
ʳ¾ڣʼձܿӴ
¾ָҲ֪û˵
ֻ˵ķѰģҲ˺ܶ๦򣬱ϵȵ˿Ҫ󡣡
¾ڳĬ
ʵԼи²⣬ȴ˵˵ˣĲã϶Ҳ֪Ƣźǡ
Ӣ۲ʳǴģѾøɸɾˣǾǱĺɻȾ
óƶˮ컨׹ǵԴǷôá
¾̽ѧʵ

¾ھȻرܣȥ鷿顣
ʱǶ˻ϥϡ
ŵĸȻ뾭ѵȴһǸˣó¾ڲڣϸоƬֻ̣ϧȻͷ
˳ƽɫȻؽĽݷڸ
ֵʲô
治ɫҲ֪ĸ˵ǵҹ֪
ˣԶǧĿ϶ǱϾǡ
һ㶼ûлɣ˿
Ƭ̣ȥ鷿ҳ¾ڣֻ£飬ʱȥΣ
¾֪Ƥ˳պ󡣡
㣺Ǻʱȥ
¾ڣҶУϲ
ȥǱ߿ɣǴҲ¡
ȥ˴á
˶Ժĳ͢ʵ뺢ǣһ˹Ȼڡ
򵥵ؼ󣬻¾
ЦҲΪ˰һİɣҿҪԶС޽ʰʰһͰᡣǶڼǸװæ̵ϴֻרĵʳࡢϣǶҲõʲôʱÿգǾͻԶٷæˣʮأڡ
²ڣĸף°ɣǳϱӲڣڶǰТ
ͷĿϿҵĸ
ТڸŵӶôˣһźţȥģڼչ˺Ӱɣ廹С벻
ɷȥסģһǻӣû˯أɷôᣬҷΣһȥãǱߵѾô죿
ϻҪڳТϱӣʾԸլ
¾ĬĬغŲ衣
һۡ
ϱӵĽգҲ㲻λֳĳԵ÷ǳТ
ʱܲ˳ۣ¶ҪŸɡ¾ڲլƫҪ£סլѸʴ͵԰Ӹ¾סָأͿ򽻵۲Ĳ
ԣԼҪ£̬ȼȰ˵޷ҡ
û뵽ˣ¾ھȻҲûаȥݳ԰סÿǰʱ𴲸ȥÿҹɫ裬Ϊõ㣬Ǹˣ֪ˣΪҪʹ͵԰ӣ
κТϱѾ˳ȥ·ڣǸˡ
أΪԼסΪҪȥʰû˵ʲô׻ĵصԶɩ빫ۡ
ТТϱֱ˴Ȱ˵͢Ȼլǣܰĵ£˶ȥôˡ
²ڡТТ˳Ҳҷϵ
Զͬʱθǡ
ⲻЦ⣬ߵ̽ɷ˺ü
ТڵЦȻҲһȥΡ
ֻ㣬΢΢ͷڳ²ߣƺΪ޷լТ˳Ŷܡ
룬Ҳǳ²ڲϲ㣬޸鵭ŸԸ
Ȱɩ׶˵ˣչ˺ô磬ܰĵ֪һѾźܣԲ˯õ£Сʧ󣿡
ͷһۣǿЦЦ
ƳǰĻֵ빫ݳڣʱԻ߶ֶˣңүȥƽأһʶ˶ûС
ԣؿĵãĵýڼ䵭浽ݳǣôܻܹȥţ
ר·ᵽԼƳȥûƼ࣬ȶ㲻ӵ

Ůַˣһʵ¶⸱Ͱ͵ϲˣŶɩҲְݼڡ
˵ݳһǰԼɩȥͬ䡣

ĵƵˣȻһЦǰ˺ôһƬĵһ¹ѵľɫò
ǹȻԸԼȥ֣
ôɩԸ𣿡ģ̲ס
㷴Ӧ֮ͷԸ⣬Ըģ
ٿ࣬ЦݵϧɩԶͬΡ
ࣺ
Ժۺþڵһ²ڡȻȥˡ
ֱʱ㻹еܳκ΢죬ƽʱ˼ֽ
ΪĸҲŶʮˡ
ȻɷڿһţصͷҪװɣܲҴȥΣˡ
ȥլ֮ǰɷ˵ҪТϣȥΣʱȻ湫ȥֵ£϶ˡ
²΢΢򴽣Ƭ̺أѾ£š
߬߬ڡ
²ڿסһСԺȥʰãȥʰ顣
Ӱʧ鷿ſڣ뵽Զһ꣬ĨΡ
á
³õȡչҽȥõĽȹ
ТڴϣüɫһֻĿȸȤͬ£ǲǵÿһ
ΪҪޣ黨ǲݣҾȥǰ״
ТΣûǰƣôɹ
ߵ˭㳤һŹ
ТԼҡҡͷʲôŵ빫û϶ɣôù㣬ɩ׽
දһ٣ȻƲƲ죺ĸҵ﹫ֻ𱰰ǣҪҲ˳ۣʲô취
ТڲΪ޹ҲˣΪϲ˰ɣɩӴĴЩǰ߾ƤĶӣкǲСϲ
뵽Ůӣĸˣﱧ١
Ѿ´ˣðװ֣۾ģƯ
ТڽӹŮŪƬ̣ӵ¸һҶɥûʲôȽ˺ӣƽʱ߶߶Ȼϵ
۾׽׽˶кκô
ТںЦʲôôôģһˣҵȻϣǺǢȻֻɩ׽ʣģܣ
ҧҲи̸沣ɼһ̫ߣһ̫ͣͽҲǣֲԸΪѡ


35 
ҹ˾, β֨֨ʱ
һһݽ˶Ӱ, ľȥ
ϵΨһһյͭƣ˵ӰǱ, ʧھӺ
ָŻع꣬¾ֳˣͷվϴǰ, ϴš
͸ʵ, ʵļ, խݵ
߾ϱӹĸȥ, ĵͿһ, Ҫǵľ硢ءԼ, ⼸, κһˣ㲻ÿȻ, ѡг, ˿汾²Уǹͷ, пá
Ļ, û, ǳ¾ڻû, ܹĸտ, ͱ֮ˣꡣʱѾ˹Ѹҹ¼ţҲýζȻһֱϳϣҪڹĸǰά߶ׯ̬
˵һСһԹЩζٸ˵۹Ҳȫһ
࿴¾ʱֻ޹ΪҲˣǺȤ
ףʱŮľ񣬻Գ¾⣬ԶԶʤˡ
ĬĬų¾ڻ˼ˮװѶϴɾˣյƱϸϸû©־úЦ֮ǰ£׼ȥԡ
¾ڸհѶϴܵһͷţƼɢٵĳ߳εô죬Ҫô죿Ҫ˵ǰеûʲôԼģýˡ
죬˵û˰㵱ư͡
ԡﱸˮ򵢸̫ЩˣԶװ˷ˮͭᣬص಻
Ϊ֪¾ڽҪûгҹȥ볯һ˯ˡ
ԼĸѾߣҲǲϰߴδζóǽǡ
Ŷݻ
Ų죬¾ˣһ£¶޳ȣҺʱڵ°ڹס˻뿴ĵط
ָָͭʹҶҺˮ
¾ڱͭԡͰˮ£ﵹˮ
վڶ棬ʱˮ£ùˣȥ
¾ڣˣҲһ¡
˵꣬һ£ҪԡͰ
߸̧ĴѾӣң
ŲҪϴˮ
¾Ƴֻ÷Ĵ㣬ʪӣվһߣ泯á
תͨ졣
¾СֹƢı㣬õǹǿιһϴˮ㶼ܰԼ
ûغ
¾ڲ£󲽳ȥˡ
ţһӣҪʱֱ£ˮݻŰͻȻƿ¾˽ֳ¹ԱߵĽӣԡͰǰ۾ɣҰٶȿ졣
Ȼ߶µطߵԡͰֱӡ
һ̣¾ýӹסļɵؽ˳Ӽ˫ŶʵʵһֱβȷʵܿٶȽϸϸزһ飬ٰһ
䡣
¾ڽմˮĽܲӶβѣִļ󱳡
ܿůˡ
¾ȥϨеƣʱʵʵԼıѣ˯ɣ컹Ҫҡ
˶٣߻е䡣
¾Ͼ˻
ţʲôӶů͡
ܰƬ̣¾̽Žַŵϡ
۾˯ˡ
¾ڣôң˭˯ţ
Ųܣ˯С
.
δլѾֱ֪ͣš԰¡ƽģӭӸԵӡ
ſСѾֱ߲ͣϳ
Զã͢ϷֱӶϱһЩͽǳ
¾ɣ²ڡТԶ߶ĺӡ
ϵ游ţرᣬʵڱﲻס˲ԴӲ
ɡɶܶ£۾Ҳװ˶ԸĸĲᡣ
˽ĸ׵֣Ȧġ
ҲˣҪɷŮмѡլ麢ӣŮʵСް
û£壬Ǿͻˡ㲻ͣŮԴϡ
²ڿһۣܿƿߡ
ͬ᲻úǣɺйĸ̵ûʲôĵģ뿴ɷ򣬶ССĸʵסˣȲҪȥ͸
ˣɡ
Ѿװϣ͢źӵ޿ģͽðǿЦ
ɩͬ·һɡ
ñЦŶ
ٴܳĸӷ֮
ȥɡ²Աߵ
æߵߣһ԰ݻ
²ҪģȻӣԼĵܡ
¾ڲŲҪһ뽿εεĹͬȤ磬

˳۳˸Ů԰ӣѹٹ
ǰ˳۲ǲΪ¼լ̫СҲûеطס԰͹ˣȻҪϡ
һݳǻ԰һ붼˳լӭӹ
¾ߡ
ͳܼվԼĿԣүͷ
ھǵʱ򣬻Ȼйȴһֱסڳ¼ҴլԳ¾ڲû빫Ǵոܼ񣬳¾ڲŵһע⵽
ܼʵ¾ʣܣ
ܼԱһ
¾û˵ʲôһһɨȻжӵľʮŸ֪⻹ɺϣʮŸȻףҲܿٶûһ档
ɡ
Ϊ׵У빫ֶǵ󣬷´Ը
Ӧǡ
һ¾ȥ
ܼһ£ʮŸߴͦεѵصͬʱһȥǰ·ӷɢڳӵԼ󷽡
ԶֵİǶɴ۾ԭǹͷ
ڹߣ˫ִϥϣŵزҶ
Цҳú𣬴ɩΪң
ˢú͵͵ۣ͵ףǹ̫ˣŮƵģңҲ֪ദ
Ҫȥլˣܺã̲סŪλߴɩӣ˵˵СôôԭǸɩѧġ
ˡ
һ̣Ȼϴ¾ȥ̫̫㣬¾ΪεϷˣ⽿ߺ۵ģˣҲᱡһ
ɩֻңѵ㲻֪ҲǸ𣿡̫⡣
㶣ʶصͷ빫Ტۡ
У㲻ұȣ˵òɩɩţ
û˵ǲŵӡ
Ƭ̣һеģɩ̫Լĳˣȷʵ㲻ɩҳڻʼңżҵŮװףкοԷƱģǡıȷĸ׼ŵڲҸ߶٣׻ٳٰü״ԪѾپƷɩóƷ˵Ŷԡ
̧ͷ
ǸҲͨճ񻹲ڸܸأɼһ˵ĳҪҪеĳɾ͡
пţֻ֮ͨŮû顭
ЦЦǲḸף˵ɣҲû飬һȢңǰԲλ
㣺ĵܣĵǱãճڡ
ߵɩҲҪ˵ǣֻҪɩԼԼǳ¼õĳϱðڳϱ׾ͰڣǱҲֻ㵱¼ҳϱ˭ΣǶԳ¼Ҳο˸ĸ׻Ụ㣬أܴɩʲôίֻҪңҶͷ
̫ˣԭһֱΪ߲ʵĹã׽º
࣬лҼסˣ


36 
ƽڸǵϷ, 뿪ʯ򲻾ãТڡҪһ·
ͣ£̵ֵܼظ
͸Тڡ೯, ׼³ȥ
ѵǳɩڳ˵ɡyihua
Ȼǵ, Т໹ûǸ³
ֻ΢΢߬ڵİСй¶еĲ
⣬Тͣǰ֣Գڵɩ, , Ǿбˡ
û, , ĵܡߣǱ߰, ǵдš
Тڵ, ų㽿, ΪӸ¶ֳɩƣû¶, ƲƲ졣ͬʱ, Ҳе㷺ᣬһ沣ôͬ, ȴ, ĸƶ´ࡣ
߰ɡТڻһ
ȵ˳
ת, ʻһ·, ТڼӻƲֵģ, ˵˯ţôˣ
һֹۣ㻹˵ûпҲ˳ۣΪֻɩͬ˵ͬ·ոҲһ˼أҪǷֿһҲýҰɣ
ТڣҲֻҪ·и飬һ͹ˣֲ֪Ǻʱỻ·Ȼɩ㡣
һɩССʲô
ТȻЦ󣺡ǳ¼ҲССɻϿøڸ󣬲ȻⱲӴŶֻİ·ˡ
һ죬ֵǻյ̽ɣĲ飬ûиҲƽƣôҾİ·ˣ˵˵
Тڣ̽Ƿ󶼽ˣοֺѧʿ
ҧˣˣ㲻Ʋɩȫ沾ҸüβˣͷþŲŶԣǰɣҲɩǴ˼ҹңȴҸõõģ
ТڲҲûѵ⣬ֻƽ͵صɩദȨ棬ҵӣҾشҲشɩϣͬóǲֵ㾴صɣҲŻվߡ
ͷϿڡ
ТĬĬ飬
һ΢ĳ̧Ƴȥͼѩ׽۵Ϲᣬ촽ǳ˶ί
Тڴһ飬һӣݹȥ
žһ£Ŀ֣ѵҰװʲôġ
ТںЦҲѵסôѵ˵ģ㶼ҺʱǰԹ㣿
Բɣͽʰһȥ
ТɫȻǲҵģӼֵˣһɲҵҡ
ԣʱΪЦ˵ɷҪ˺ǻ졣
.
УȻļʣɩǲҲݸ
ǵãḸ빫ͬȥǣ·ֱײḸ¹жס
㣺ţǼԭأڸǱߡ
ǳˣɩҲлȥ̽ˡ
ڣ̫̫ʱҵﶼˣֻʱһƬæңôȥݼ
ؿ𴦣ʱ޳¾¼լ˵ǱعԱھݼӦ꣬ŶϹҲıŸ㣬Ҳ̬ˣټ϶ǰ²һӵͬ飬Ŵ׽
תƻ⣺ɩɼǵãײǵ˭ҵǵʱѾţӦûаװ׷Ź˰ɣ
µḸһֻţ;ԵȻַϧ
ֻǶԷ̫ߣҸھӦ˹ٸ빫Ҳ޷׷֮
޽¼ǰǧЩ֥ùӵľ¡
ҵû˵ֻ˵ԷǹģҶԷӲα׷ء
ֻģͣûʡ
쵽磬ݳ⡣
㲻˼ص³ɣĵһ·ҲЪˣȻְһеæ
óͣ
Ҳͣ
ơ³תͼɷ²Ҳӳˣ
ɩô³ˣ
¾ڷʵ
ԴһĿλС빫а壬һֱͦģ۽͵ҪˣͲ·ȥ֪Ǳˡ
¾ڣҲá
²ĵܷ޴кߡ
ϳ󣬳²ڹ۲ӣɫƺ빫ദʮǢ
˵ʲô²ʡ
۾ģһڣҪӻ˵ĵһ仰ʼظɷ㱨һ顣
²ڼʱסֻҲͰˣһ˵ʲôŮӼ˽˵ʧ
ҵ˼ǣΣ
˵رãһ㹫ļӶûУ˵ˣ˸۸ңȥأռ޹ʱһͨɾ;ùܲദܸʵģ뵽ôأֲ˸ȥ㹫档
²ĬĬؿӣ׿ʮأǵһμ¶ɻģ
ȷʵܻ㣬ڶɷڳʲô۾󣬺ؾнϰߵصͷңǲˣðѹĻ棿
ֻأ
²򴽣׽˵˹Եǰڳദģǣ̫ࡣ
˿
ǰ棬Ȼˣ¾Ҳط
Ƴһ۱ƿߣ΢΢һ˿۲档
ǰڳ¾ǰֶׯ̬ҹʲô¶ˣҲʱʱţֵԡ
¾ֵɩĹϵʱôˣ
Ҳû̫ãֻǲͬ
һẦԶһĴɩһʱضϷȻѡǰߡ
¾ڣ
мһ˵¾һͬôˣѲΪһϴ֮ǰǱ̫Ҫˣҹҹ㣬ҲмڰǷ֮¡
˵꣬յһߵĴǰҲѧһӣƺķ羰ȶȤ

ţͲǹ
֮ǰ̫Сˣ߳ÿó¾˯ߣҪʹ͵Ĵ԰ˣҪó¾ף£һϹĴҪúñŬȡģ
ǳ£سʿǹݣ֪С
֪ڳǳ룬˳ʹ͸Ů԰Ȼ֪ҲԶֻ֡
԰ݳĺ԰ӣԭǵһΪ谮һܼ̳оλ޽ģӷ³׶һ֧԰ΪٸУżɵʹ͸´󹦵ıعԱסԱ֮˥ǳ£԰ÿš
ȥ꾰˳յ¼ֵܵ飬־Ȼݻʺϣֵܶżؾ˳۱㷭һݸڹٸµլԺ԰ǰõعٸϽ԰һ£þɵﻻµģ԰ĻݺˮҲǰʰ롣
ǵ
԰ҲˣǾǹܹ̫󣬸һġ
ʮ꣬˻Ҫݻʺ߰ʱݻʺרΪŮŵĴ̫ࡣ
һͣߵǰЦŹ³
ȳǳ¾ڣλȻѾ˶֮ȴȻݰ׺ǿܹܹƳһװһԵͳܼɫ΢
Ҫ³ʱ¾Ѿ߲̫߹ȥ
ܼ˶ͷ
˳¾һۣѵĻŵദʱ˵
ѾСǸңǰ·ȸǽ԰
ܷƵ
ܷҶ¾ڶߵʲôƵסһ
󱣳΢Ц
Ƚȥɡ


37 
˰յ, Щˣûȥι԰
ˮǱˮơط̹֡
Ƴ۳¾, ԸһԵ󣺡Ǳ÷𣿴ɡ
ûö¾ǿ׳θҲ, ʱѾ磬ܶˡ
Ц빫Ԥˣūͽȥߴߡ
˵꣬΢΢˳ȥ²ǲС̫, ±ٽš
¾Ƴüۡ
ﶼ̫൱, ڳ¾, ̫Ҳ, Ӱظڻߡ
빫ǣùĲֽӽ£¾ʡ
ʾ⳯Ƹ͡
Цŵ, 빫Ҳǹߵ, ӹǰ͸ʳ, ˵ǳճء
޽¼ǰ, Ǽƻѷ빫Ҳȥ, ɷ빫̨ʱȿˤȣ£ȥˡ
¾ڶ, ԰סŵĶߵ, ġ
ϴ, ȥݡ
빫ҲĸС̫ཫ緹˹, 빫ֿ, ſƼһĹ빫Сſڻǰū澿ּˣ
¾ڼʮͣ͹󸹱㣬ɫÿһ㡣
Դ԰˭Уһѷ빫˵Ҳ빫ôûԹķǲˣ
빫һվֱһ̧ͷԼҵӣ۵ȻЩģū澵ˣʲôܿڣū澶
¾ڰһſӰӵ߰˽˻ȥ±ԽݣԽˡ
㻹ûͼ˾ɣ빫ܵ
빫ٹسүЦүòӢǷء
ƾ仰빫һٳΪó¾˳۵ˡ
һЦ壬¾ڴĲɵƢĶ䡣
æһ磬ȥϢɡ
ǣãﲻθڣ˸ū澣ū´ٸĸķӡ
빫ųС̫Ǹˣ¾Ҳ÷
ڻĵ£¾÷Ѿ˸ճ׵ʱöˣɳ¾ڲ֪ǹ⻹ôģǲϰѳ²ڡТڵ˵ѧףܻ¶ִ̬֮ƩӾϲԵĲˣҲżУ¾ڲǸǵûȤܳԵ̡
ϰˣվһԣԲ˼üͷ
ϣЪһʱԡ
󣺡ǣū澵ȻȥԸˮ
ȥ˴μ䣬¾Ȼ˽ֽһأѾ̫߰డ⡣
óƸ򣬼¾£زϣʹ¾ڣᣬ󡣡
˵ر۾
¾Ьӣһ߸һ߿֪ߵطô㻹Ҫҷֿס
ǡôеģڵˣٸһ鷿ʣټԺܻͬŵŰݷûˣȻҪԼԺӡ
¾ڣУƵãҹһҪ˯һ𡣡
˵ԱҵķҲûҹҹͬģֿ˯˭ҲܶԷһЩëãȻҪ㣬Ի
¾Цô˵͸үƵģլ檣ܲȫ飿
Цˣ۾ȫãµˣŷ֣
¾Ƭ̣Ȼļתһڲͬ
Եѹ߬סס˴֮δø壬ͱʡ
԰ǵһõ漸Ҳԭɡ
类赲ֻůڵ˽ŵ
¾ڷſĴԴƣҲ¶˻ңںŨܵһɢϣһĻԽޡ
Ժơ̸ͻȻӴ⾭ڵҡ
ץ¾ڵͷȥϴ
¾Ƴ򴰱ߣһֽڻһȥĵĳӣ£ֻĴ쵽һͷ⣬һƬ谵
谵У¾Խ޼ɵ
ûбǶò;ϣֻڻûٰڹ硣
ֲַʡ
ſ򣬱ҧһڣȻҧ
ȻˣϾ䣬ʩصڽǨĵһҹҸ棬ܷҹ
¾ֵõһͲֲġ
׵ţ¾һ£
һҧȥҧĶ
¾ڷһЦҾҪȥˣʹҧߵˣݸ֪жܳ衣

˿ڣĵسų¾ڵĶ飬ȷֻĸǳǳӡŷ
¾ץס֣°ܼͣЩеôô
Ǹĸʹҵģһһ⣬ǳǰ¶ÿģѵҪİҵۣ
¾򴽡
üôԲλˣ
¾ڴ㶼Բλ࣬Ҳ䣿

ȷʵƳ¾ĳĶðŮžţֻг¾ڣ»ҹҴ߿ס
ѧó¾ڵһţѹȥˣڱһ
ԺﴫصĽŲС̫ˮ
Ծôʱ͹ȥˣ
ƿ¾ڣ첽ȥңһȡͷϵΣҵĳͨ˳װΪԡ׼ģ
¾ڴ򿪴μţصϣؿţҲҪȻϴֵ
ơ½ˣ
ϱߵĴ¾ڲźȻ㣬ֽһŴŽ⡣
ɨҵ½ٵʹȥ
ˣٳ磬˫պ͸Զʤƽʱ
󣬻ҲмֱŤ
˵̫źɸµĶУĿȾҲѲ̫൱˿
˵壬ٿǳӰ¼ҵļŲ̫𣬻Ҳ޷Сʱǰڵദ
ݣҳһ࣬ϰֻгźˣԺ󹫹רİҴ԰£ÿ±ɡ
ЦǣˣгϣūҲġ
ϣˡ
ơ¸Źȥҡ
Сʣ⹫רǲүζ
޹أֻǼ˹ӣ䲻ƼʶؾͰп
ƶˣҲ͵صͷ
̫ô࣬һö๬ŮĽأʮ꿪ʼźǰ깫ޣһֱźʮ꣬з·ֻйһˣ۹ˣԶȳȥһ
ϧվҪ޵ģлŮ̫̬Ҳˡ
ϣҪɣΣʮദ꣬Ƿؾ䡣
.
ֵ¾ڳԡʱӹ˹䣬ȥԺƣûƼ
ԡ¾ҵɹͷĻʣǸ湫ôˣ
ԼͷҲ̧صиҪլǴСá
¾ڳĬ
Ƴһۣ˵£˯μ䡣
¾üΪΣ
ߵǰûңҵʱģţҾͲǹ
¾ڣ
ûĴˣǰôģ
޷ǻطˣٸҽڸˣ硣
Σ¾ƽ͵صУģ´ңҲġ


38 
źʮ, ļ£ܷⶼŻϲϰģϸµĴ̶, Ѿһߴ硣
ԣ԰Ȼլ, ȴһֻ˼ҵʸУһ˯ú㣬һֱ˯ɫ΢
Ŀһɨܰβ
õǼܰβɫģȻ̰˺ܶ, ʶ, ҺŪ, ѡĴȷʵ, ̵ϸȴ¡ܷܣѡ´, ľϻ̵ĵ, ϳ, ŵҲѫ˼๺Ʒ
ϱӵȻΪ¾, ų, һζû԰ط
п󣬻չչ, , ҡҡ
ǳơ¡
˯ڴμĳ¾, أ
ƣ, ȥ, ˵Ҫȥ԰ܡ
ĺþ
ϴվȰŵ̴ľ¹ǰ˷ܵʣ촩
ȥһ꣬ļǰɫѹѵģӽտʼֿĴˡ
˿һӻƽɫȹһɫӡ
ȻĵҲɫ˵ĵư
֬ʲôɫÿ׸Թ
Ѿһǰһط£عάš
Դ˳¾ڣñ˿ףܴŵۣ¾öˣմϢ
ǻɫϵƾΪӲһ֧ҡҪ˵ûбȽθӺݻˣֻеѹסӣףûⷽĹǣֻ빫á
԰լ¾һȦװѽչˣƼ߽ͳܼ¾ЦЦܼǰʱʣˣ
ܼʮġ
¾ڣ˹ߵͳ죬ղף
ܼүޣԭǰְɻʶί¡
Щǰǧѡģܼ⻰ǫ飬ʵҲЩ԰ζ
ǹ빫ǷޣϵĹϵܣпίģЩʼڹԣǹߵˣöүһͷֻ̳үķѹѰӶԴ
¾ڿЦЦһ߶ûóˣдд裿
ܼ˺ү²ҷϡ
¾ڲͷҲϰ֮ˣôһ£ҾͱԱԣҾˡ
ʱ˹ЦŶܼȻˣְɡ
ܼҲӦսˣĻκιǣȡϵ嵶֣طŵϣժͷñתү
¾ھӣɣ
һǶʮӢһǶʮͳ죬Ҳɽֻͻ꣬˭Ҳݲ±˴ˡ
ҪҪһС̫ൣĵ󣬡һүˣй֪үԵģҲʡȥͳ״
Ц¸ϵİӣˡ
¼ĸӣѲţӳ²ڡӳТڽԾҲ׿Ȼڹжţֻӳ¾ڣһֱûʲôȴΪʺʶ¸ϣһٱѡΪ
֪λ̬׵Ǹʲôˡ
ųģûκοȡ֮ϲ»²ˣҲа취ڹ߾ٲά衣
˵̸䣬¾ܼѾʮغϡ
ʱ䳤ˣǸС̫࣬һЩѲӵ̴ҲߵĶΧ˹ýζ
һԽǽͷ¾ͻȻץܼһʧ󣬷ֿסܼۣһһ㽫ܼõϥڵϡ
ܼһ£үȻۣҲķڷʹù硣
¾ˣжЦŽ
ܼˣѲߡ
¾ŤŤתĿ
Ӣ䡣
κˣѧʻǹһ˵Ƿ켫Ҳ壬̶ϵĳЩȱ㡣
ۼ¾ڵ֣ѾЩλˣȻԷܵЩŸүݡ
䣬ųһȥԡ°ɣܺ
ۿһźӳ¾ڶǹ䣬ĵص
ǧ֮壬ˣô֮ǰýӽ
¾ʵҲ̫˳ֻۣܼд裬ȴûǿһ䡣
ңΪ̫¶һᣬλĲмƣ˵ϸģ߶߶˲ͷһƶԷ紵͵Ҳﶥȥ
󣬳¾ڴ󲽳ܷȥ
տݣͼӴμˣºȹ΢΢ѩ׵СԽСˡ
ֱضŻ¶һƬ徱ӡ
һۣ֪ʣһϣȥˣ
¾ڣȥͳ˹С
ûϵش𣬺˭Ӯˣ
¾ü˭Ӯ
˵˵ϽȥԡȻҪˡ
¾û˵Ҳûͷ裬ԸվſڵһС̫ࣺͰˮ͵ԡҡ
С̫ٷԸһС̫ȥˮ
ЩС̫࣬ơ¡㲻ôˡ
ȳ¾ȥԡңСֹĪˣ
ߵſڣһС̫ȥǰߴС̫԰һΪˣһȦͷү빫Ѿһ÷
ע⵽Сָָ̫ͷԷүٸ˵֡
ˣֻɺ¾Ӯˣôû˻ᳯ԰ڡ
󣬻Ҫȥլ
¾ȻһߣѾǰһȦ·ֶ;ûʲôȤһ·ͣͣģ߼ڻϡ
ԵҪһТȥһ껪Դ£ΪֽᣬƫƫͲӵˣ˻ºȹޱʢĵĽεۡ

԰һƬˮڽĺռؼĵӳſ졣
Ƭȳ¼լˡ
վڰߣź˿ˮĵĺɫȹڡ
Ȼ¾ڵǰüͷļ򣬵󣬻ȥɣų

Ƿһһģȷʵе䡣
ǻصܷѾںˣżݰ
Ƚݵݸ͵ݣֱԭؾ׼ĸϷ˵İ
ҷŵһԣʣµһݡ
ݵݸ¾ڣָʹɽ˵λͬڳɾӶϯ棬
¾ڽӹ򿪣һ飬д˵òֻ࣬˼λͬŵ
ӣʻȥ𣿡
ٳϵӦ꣬ȥȥ㣬Ҳ档
¾Цһǵ˸輧ңϯ䵯ˣҸ÷Ӧ꣬ŭϯΪʱ䲻ⷽûо飬֪ΪûʲôҪ˼ɵġ
Ц򵥣Ǹ輧⣬רͣǸ輧һ㣬´Ȼ֪ĸ㡣ˣȥƵ׼Ӧɣ߻¡
¾ڿǱߵļӣˡ
Ŀ뿪ͷûصıӰ룬أū澰ֽдҲִֹ֪硣
ջߣߵдҲῴûĵУ¸϶ˣҺα˷
󿴿ģùģū취
ʮˣΪ˶̫๬ŮŽ̲һϹҪĺ
¾ھǳˡ
Цˣȥɡ


39 
¾뿪, ϵݰ
ԭؾף׼ڱλ߹٣䵱ĸϷȷʵʸݼ
˼Ϸ, ԭؾֻδˡ
ڷ̫, ʮ֮ڣΨӡ̣Ϊϱӡ
ǰͬ£ԭؾ˼Уӱʹ, һɥܵݸ֪, , ĸԭؾ֮ʩ顣
ʱ֪ǻĴӳ²ڡ
²ȥŶ, ȴˣԼһ԰ιʱԭؾ, ʱͷԻ, δϳԷ, ΪѾ㽫˴԰ɾ˺¡±ľҲ, ߵŮ˾Ȼԭؾ, ŭʹ޳ܹͬڣ϶ԭؾǳڼ˲Żؼһ֮
ߵļС֤, ԭؾǱ, һ·ʱ֪ٵѾ, ֤ˡ
ְ, Ϊû֤, ²ڱ޷
ڴ˰ãĹ͢ͻȻǵӣһŮǿռʮ״
λղݸ״һǹĹʽʯҢһǹĶͷ֣顣
˵͢ղǰ߾һ죬顰ԩ֮
о֮죬Ǿʹãֻ췴˲Ż죬ʯҢϱ͢ͼ췴Ȼ֣Ϊ췴֤ݲ㣬ʻǽȫ嶼Ϊˣ߽
ˣⰸƺ͸˽ˣɵźͻȻЯǣ湫Թı˽¼оԹʯҢܸıͬʱ֣Ҳٶȵݽӣ֤ȷʵֶУı֮⡣
һ󣬵ܵܽ﹫ּϾͶһܸ׷
ıһƾЩ£˵ûָ֤֤ʾʯҢܸ췴ָʾˣҲӦãΪΣ̫˼ˣţ֪ȲФֻͷø
֪ϱӵܵܵԴױʲôúͿˣⱲӣѾ⣬ù¼ҳ֣һΣҪʰ
.
磬¾ڴһɫۣС˸š
һһƥ
ŸӰ¾ǲˣ
գգ۾üëһҪ޵ӣүҡ
¾ڣʲôүү
õһ˲ָؽصүⲻԹҰһȻһ廳̫̫빫լûκβǲҲţûطʹôˣ첲ֻ֣ûг⣡
¾ûȥĸ첲ֻߵ̫඼ٷ磬߾һõģԼʰ㣬Ҷˡ
ֱͦˣģҪˣܣ϶
¾ڲٶ˵·
ί͵¼ң¾ھøݳǣôĶһ顣
һһߵ㱨ָʹɽЩǧٻһϮĹ٣ûУԳ۷ȢϥһλȽܳŮΪޣƽʱߵúܽ
滹λָ֪ͬװֵĽɻУóʹ棬˾ϳһ壬ųĿбµģȢɽãԸɽһӡ
ƽһָ½¬Ǹˣżʮˣûгס
һ꣬¾Ҫ˳򽻵ԸķǳϸС˵һ·
ɾӵˡ
¾ɾҲǰ߳ĵӰ
ͷһ˴ɫӣòʸߴͦΣЦ崺磬ָʹɽ
һһλҲ븻˵ֶ˶ϡ
һں棬¾ڵ̽ͬʱ־衣
λӢˬǱãǾү
ɽЦŹֵ
¾ڷͿػһ񣺡ָ³¾ڣָʹˣԺͬֱǡ
ɽЦҲңҵȻǽүĺá
¾ڲ
ɽһһΪ֡¬ˡ
ѹƲȥ˶¥ż䡣
ɾǱľ¥˺þƺòˣȻҲ˸輧Ԥš
ɽֹɣڳ¾׵ɻһ־ƺ϶ѳģؿ¾ڣүէû˵ɾӵƣɾӰʼ𣬻һλĸ輧òɣһѺɤӣһգҽǺȾˣ
µˣûɫģ̰ʡ
λ¾ү֮ϦദˣҲζˣټϹܹܵϣͨС檣͵ȵĻᣬ¾ֵܵסջ
ɻɽ˸ɫ
ԺǸ¾ദͨٷҲжϳ߰˰ˡ
ֻ¬ɻں󣬲мغһ
¾ڵЦžԵĳһɣҲͲӳ䡣
ɻϵްްǾֻȾƣҾһ룡
¾̧룬˵ע£ŷľˮȵøɸɾ
ɽ۾һþҲһ룡
¾
Ҳˣֻ¬ֻͷԼġ
ֺƿʼϲˣһ󣬴һλɴĺȹŮӣ̬ȵվڳ¾ڶλãӯӯظһ򸣡
͵ɾӵĹأйҪĶ
˵ʱ¬üͷĶԷϵɴûһ¶һ˫ˮӡһ˫һĺ촽ɽ¾ڵģһߡ
¾û˵
峯ȹŮʹɫ
ȹŮӾͿʼܵһ˵Ĳֻ˵֣¾ͻȻϯȾƱȾƣڶ룬ˡ㡣
԰գתߡ
ɽæסĸ첲һ߳ȹŮʹɫжԷȥȰ¾¡
ȹŮˣԸòҪĹӢˣҲ˯һ˯ˣ뵽ԷԼǿҲ
ȹŮ߲ޱȵˡ
ɽһһҵؽ¾ڰ£Ϊֱ롣
¾ںܺˬԭǵĹǼƴơ
һʼɽ¾ڣƴƴţɽɻſϡ
¾ںȵ࣬ɫȴû䣬ָԼһ룬Ŀ⳯ڶ¬Ƴȥ
¬ڵǧ¬ĳ
¾ڣΪβҾƣ
¬ȾҲ£ԼϲƴƣҲǿȰˡ
¾ֻ֮Աǣһƺţһ߼в˳ԣԱ㣬Ҳ¬Ըǡ
¬¥Ȼһ¾Ѿû̸֮⡣
¥ż䣬ɽڴĿͳ¾Զȥٿۻ¥վŵ¬תͬѹ塢ɻλο
壺ҹлӦЩ汾£Ƿ䴫ţų¸ϲŵѡ
ɻЩҲɫӦģССɤӣҿһһ䣬¾Ͳҵˡ
ɽ¼үоԹ¾ҽ˿͸֮ǰǶȽƤӣҪץѱ
ֶͷ
԰
Գ緹µ¾һʱزȥЪˡ
Ʒͨ͸Ĵۣ治ϯ谡
ЦЦʲô黨ǲݣҾ
ϱȣԳ¾Ѿöˣ¾ԼϧҲûʲôġ
¾ڻʱûܷǱߣֱƵߡ
ϡȥҹ
¾ڣһȥҲǰ
룬ȰҲȥǰתһȦȻΪմ֬ζ鲻Ҽء
¾ڣ
Ų˻ȥܷ
˯㣬䲻һӾ۾ͼ¾վڴߣɫؿ
Ҫȥ¾ȵҪҪ輧û㣬ǻŻһŮҲѵˡ
ˣ̵ЩͬŶ㹻õġ
Ȼ̵ˡ
¾ڣϡȻˣŰɡ
ʲô
¾ڣ֬ζɹͷҶԲ㡣

ֻŵŨŨľűƫͷİɣû㣬Ͻȥԡ
¾Ƴ¶ѩװӣȥ


40 
¾˳ȥ, µľʱȴɢˡ
гơ½ӺѾһðƵƵȷ磬űԱߵϡ
һյĹ, ᣬЦûζ, ſ
űӿоȷʵûζˣɻϡ
Щģ۾ԸŮǵø˺ѾƲ裬ʮοڲ
Ƴ, , ȥƵ, ҪѾƲ͹ȥ𣿡
һˣ
µͷȥˡ
Щ, ֮ǰó¾˯ƵƤҩƵķҪһ, ոֻǴȥԡ, Ѳˣ
ϱӷ, ǳ¾ڰóԲ·ѳ¾ú, , 죬ƺû
Ѿˣĥų¾ڵ쳣ٶ, ԽԽѡ
˵, ʵ۵żҪܳǼ, ¾ڽȥμӾƾ, Ҳ֪Щͷû, ˼ҽи輧Ϊֺ¾ȴؾܾˣŲЩӣЩ߳ŭ˵Ⱦơ
͵ؼ𹫵λ˵̫ƶ游
⣬ǻ治ǳϯʱΪηҪϼҺȵԽԽԵԼһ
鲻ãѾǽ£þƵȥˡ
Ƶ˸¾ڴĳ¼ҾͣʣĸȫӹС̫ࡣ
¾ڳϯʱҲɽߵСȥһϯ棬ԳԺȺȵģҲ߷⣬ϷЪȥˣҲȥ˷ûϵ
ŵС̫๧ؽӭ˽
ʣأ
С̫ࣺعЪأҪūȥ𣿡
á
˵꣬г棬Ϸ
ңŵһӾסӣߵβǰͼ¾۶ûѣչŸ첲̬ŵڴϡ֮ǰܷŻûƵģȴÿ죬Ǳʲôҩ
ľأʵܲˣȷ¾ڻкѸ˳ȥ
һС̫࣬Ըȥǰźţʲôʣʱ̫ҽ
Ѿǹľ񶼴ˡ
С̫ԹӦ¡
Ҳﲻʲôܷ
¾һ˯˻ƻ裬мԵɵɵȥˮ
ʱֻÿڸͷҲģƺ֢״
¾ͷƳۺڰβĸǸŶС̫࣬ˮ
ŶƵİǱܣոΪɢһȽŲŶɹ
ŵ㣬ū澷
ŶһŲһһѳ¾ڵĺ󱳡
¾ںɵضҲƵһʱôûŶôڡ
ӹȹ˹˵ع˼ڡ
ŶЦеؿš
ҧˣûʲôˣȥɡ
ŶԳ¾ڵƹ˯㣬Ըū澴粽ڴߣƲ
һô֪
¾Ҳ⣬ϸϸŶʱΣȴҲûĥ
½ţ¾ڵˮɣҪԡ
Ŷǣūȥš
ϲȥݺݵۣȻյߣѹүҴ͸źʮ꣬ȻҪߵĵһˡ
¾ڣɵǲǣҪȥ浱ģƵĸС̫ҪиͷģƵ̫ΣôҲ뵱̫ࣿ
һסɡ
¾ûϢߵСŶôԼߵСûΣɼͷӵֵʱƫģר涪
ϴ軻˸ɾۣ¾ڶԺˢȷûоζˣͶ¸ĸС̫࣬һȥܷ
ڴμţԺжͷ͸ƵƼ¾ڴһԲؿ˽
¾٣ϰ𪣬벱ӶɹǳɫһģҲԵ
ųûüӣմȻǰΪ׼ģ³иࡣ
¾ϸģʤСʱĸ֡
˼䣬¾ӽˣֱ䵽ϡ
үһ˯ÿ㡣
¾վǰĿϹһ飬ſڵȥҹң£
٬Ūûڣ˲֪ô£ôˣÿμǸǼƵģ·ʱ̶Խһء
ûʲôǷϵΡ
¾ڣǸ˵ˣҿûǸŮˣˡ
˭Ǹˣ˵ɽ˴ΣϾôأǲǹȾˣ
¾ڼҪ̸Ͳ齱ϣżɾӵľȷʵϲȣҲһ˸ʹ죬ƲҲȣǹҲûá
üȾٺúҲܺȹã˯һ磬ǽղصȻǵ£
¾ڷûִˣڲϣҲſ˺ȡ
ֻ۾
¾ڲʲôû˯֪Ů·Ų˼ǣȥƵ
˵úҸƵģֻȥԡ
¾ڣ̫ˣϴ
ҪɾܱܵĵزҪæʱǸġ

֪ݲαôࣿ
ɣҶˡ¾ڳ
Ѿȥæޡ
Էʱ¾Ҳһ»ߵĴͽչ
ҽǺ˳Ҳɩӡ
û˭һڽ˴﷽ģŹŮҲǴСҪܸǷϰһݣʲôӦ궼㣬Ǹľͷ񣬲Ȼ϶ܿϡ
¾ĵҷˣǼĸȴҺá
Ц˭˴ء
¾ûȥҹһȦȻûǸóƶˮԼݡ
ڴμţֱƶרڴµİԷ۲ǰ˼ġ
ҪЪʱǶ
ֻ׷ʲô¡
¾»һˮֻζؿһۡ
ֻܰ˯ȥ
Χģ֪˶ã¾ͻȻ
ǽŨŨ˯⣬ôһ飬ײ
.
峿¾ڿ߻ں˯ĹűָɨŰ͸۱Ȼ껹Ҫ۵գŲ뿪˰β
֪Ҫȥǰ緹
¾ڶԳˣڣ̳
԰ѾƥǷƼӣֱͦ
¾ãѵϿﳤȥ
ڳǱʮ⣬¾ڵִʱɽѾӪˣȻʮ־λү
ǷҪ¾ڱյȫգһʿɽɻ˾ǵӪǰ
ʿסֻ̣ͨоסһԺ
ԺǰǴĵطסˡ
ɽķø˳¾ڣ컻µġ
¾ҲûǫãһȦͼµСѾ߶ŲˮѴ͸ѾһɶŮװ׾ģһͲͨѾá
ӪŮˣǷµǮߡ
¾ڰ
ɻɫ˵үɫ֮ˣ廹Ҫ̽һأײǽ˰ɣ
򴽡
ɽЦŽŮߣȥѳ¾ݣ̸
յľϯдܣĸһ⣬Цɡ
¾ڿɽ˫ֵݹĺɫŷ⣬ĮȻʣʲô
ɽһ⣬һ⡣
˵꣬Ψֳ¾ڲԸյӣȥ
¾ڲŷ⣬ŰƱ


41 
¾Ʒٵٺۺʮ, һ׬һʮûзٺٺ¡
Ȼһٺ», Ƿٺ»ƹˣҲмȥһҪӻ
, İһСĿɽɻ塢¬͵ģ˵Ƿֱóһҵٺ»Т
¾̰ƣһܸˡ
ɳ¾ڴСֻ̰һ, ޲öٶٶ, һ԰, ޲ҹҹ˯ϼء
ЦЦ, ¾ڽŷϺãս
߳, Ѳʱɽ, ¾ڻЦŶԸɫ, ļ䣬ûᡰ⡱¡
¬֪һ, أԼ¡
һͷ
ɻʣͳȥ𣿡
ɽЦס
ɻ˿, еƲ¾ڵӣԭõӡ
Ȩƶ̰ȴҲ֪Щֻ̰һȤ, ±˶, ԷҲ⡣
˼ٹ۲һʱ, ȷǲһ·ˡ
ɽ, ٿ
, ¾ڴŸĿİĴ߶
һǧٸʿǧսһ굽ͷҪϰĽͱֳ͢ľũæʱµظɻũʱٵӪԱᳯ͢ĸ
ⶼ̫ʱµĹأ̫涼ٶˣҲġ񣬸صеĻϸչ£Ĺȴ©ҪôǾñؽ졢ԱռҪôʿǱ߹ǵͨʹȥ˽еȨ˶æб˽ңܿǵײʿǣ˵кܶʿΪ˿۾üūۿӱ
Խ뾩ԶĵطԽء
¾֮ʿǻڼװǸɴڵϢ
¾ڹ۲ǣʿҲڹ۲š
ָ£ʵүŮ
һǸӵСŮ˶ϲģпá
ԣǳ¸ϼҵĹӣ¸ҲˣʯģȥϷˮ¸Դϵİձ֣º󻹴Ӽʳ񡣡
ߣӣЩٵģûõģûʱ̰ٲ˳ۣԼȥˣ̰ñ˭࣡
С
䣬þҪߣӡ
¾ڰסʿǾסıӪȥˣһȥˣȻʿڱ˯
¾ںȻᵽ˵˯ͷܻ顣
˾磬浽˳͢Ҫ̵ʱЩɵǰҲֻװ
ȥˣ
ͨȫһүǶѻĽų¾ڷӣǰ񻹻ſǸŴӵķ룬
ָʾСȥˡ
С㿴ҿ㣬ηηزҶһСү˵Сӻвţ
˵СӰƽʱģڼ§ϱİһݾãΪүΣȣвֵظ˹ƾ֣һֱڵҹ˯ˣϸɴű˲ᷢһ˵̡
޵ƨвţлƲҲûãȥȥȥȻҲһӣ
СүɻҲҪֺλٲԥȥץˡ
вŸմÿӣ»ûãͱ˰סˡ
˹ǲǣвŵš
Сƽʱûٱ۸˳óûڶһ߰һ߼ΪѣүǲҲӰ𼱣ˣ΢飬ү϶
вź˺ߣûٿ
¾ȥ䳡ʿ߼ϡ
¬ﱾߣĮȻؿ
ɽɻϢҴҸûȷʣͼƵİһĻвŸ˹
򣡾ң
вŴе
ɻ
ֺõؿ¾ڡ
¾ڻؿʣɽӾʱ̰˯õ
¬һʮ
ɻ
ؿɽİһ˶ܾôˮƯ˰ɣ
ɽѾ£ʿǣˣӲʿǷУҲǹûʣвű¾ץסѱĿ֮£ΪָʹܹȻƫ̻
ǵܰɽԴǵѵ˻вһ٣ضԳ¾ڵǰҼĸˣڼտ˼ң˾иˣʵںա
¾ڿһǴƽʱڿ񣬲ǵĵӣѾͷЧȣ͡
˵꣬мλøɽ
ɽ߹ȥȻ˶Իвŵĳͷ
вűƲס죬ڳϰ˿ӡ
¾ƿߣֻǾûڷʱһ졣
ʮвŵİ˺ģȥˡ
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÷ķˣɽ¡صظʿǽ˳¾ڣ¾˵䡣
¾ڿһ߰ݵӰɽǧʿվڵģ
Ҳܿز㣬ɽЦŷܵȥʳǷգұũУһЩȥġ
¾ڣÿľﶼж˰ɣնл˵
ɽĿ΢䣬Ӧˡ
¾ڼȥѲһȦ˽ˣɽɻ塢¬Լ䱸ʹٽ˹
䱸ʹ縺Ӫݡ׵ȾĶ
٣˼壬ϵƥĸ
˶ؿų¾ڡ
¾ڴӻȡǸɫŷ⡣
ɽɻ۽һ顣
¾óһ٣óٸ䱸ʹ͵˽һʾ裬ѲӹˣܶˣеǹҲѷ죬ⶼҪģһЩսĵʱӽǣǷֱȥٰ죬κһѶҪˣһºλ˻һһ飬вأ绻ˡ
䱸ʹٻ࿴õĲƱѻ
ýָͷҲ֪İɽ͸үТ
¬ܸˣ翴ɽ˲˳ˣһԸͬ۵ģ
ʲôүѾǶޣʱ겻ɣȫã
¬ǳԱ
͵ɽ
ɽԲصͷˣİ͵ש½Ҳ̽ˣ¾ھǸ鷳
.
ձɽһյүسˡ
ɽ΢Цһ·㣬ڳֿɽӱֱ
¾ǸӲ磬̰ɫҲ̰ƣԤİˣҪټʿ˵ȥˣûʣҿӣ˵룬͸Ҵȥĵز鿴Ǻã
ʲôģҪǱԺ뻨ӹ͹ˣһǧʿȥ¡
۾ȻҲû̫⣬ǱϾǳ͢Ķӣһء
ɳ͢û취ֻǳ¾ڡ
ЦЦû£ȻȰѹϵıȥһԤһݺ׸ˣЩ
µӶɷģүҲġ
¾ڲ̰ƣｿС֪˼伲࣬ܲϲ鱦
ֻҪ˻ûܹܳ¾ڣ¾Ȼʵˡ
ɽɵһ¾һģ
۾һУȽȥ̽̽
ɽ˺ȥ˿ⷿӽ鱦ʯɺֻм
ߣϸϸһ
ۣţʱʱͷ
˵£ϧϧҲԹȥһҪ취׽Ҳ
ԣ۵ӹһ˿Ӷת˲š


42 
, ˣȥƵ
ƻʱ֣С̫, ӡ
Ѿһϴ¾ֻǷݲľξûж롣
ַ˼ҳ, ¾ˡ
ʱ̧һ¾޷΢ʪҲ˳ϡʣôԽԽ, ֪ԡң
ϱӵĳ¾, һζʶȤ, ǰĵɲſȥԡ, ɴ಻ϴŸɡ
¾ڿϻƵĹ, ãҪϴ, αػҪٰһ

˵˼, ǰײϸͷ, ԴĸǶ, ˼ÿҪ¾˺ôţԾؾͽ, ͵ġ, ̰ڱ򡣡
ô, ¾ȥ, תһȦ, ЩԹضôûݣ
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컹ûڣôƤһۣ㵱һƵӹǣ
Ƣڣȴ͸޵˼¡
ⷽ棬ٻҲ¾ڵĺ޳ܡ
¾һӾϣ§
ţ˫ֱŤӣʲôˣֻ
߹ߣЩζӱȣôһƻţ;ԼҲһĻ棬һֱôܵȼȥҲݰܡ
Ժֳ︡ĸüĿ顢ջĻ棬룬ٻǱ仵˰ɣ¾ˣͽ֮Ϊ裬ǽϳȥˡ
ɫ¾ɿ
ܵ˹ȥ
ˣ¾ڽĹ§У°ʡ
۾ʹϢȻȣ̬Ȼʮ㣬Į֪̰ԺÿһһأǲԸ⣬ΪͨԺźһҹĻضУֻѡ·Ժٿһ
ȻǹҲͨģѹ¡
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û˵꣬һĶ˹
¾סϸ󣺡ôҪ̸ͨ
ֻص
¾ЦɫֻҪ㣬˵һһ¡һ궼УֻҪԸ
ŭɫԼǾЩƽϣٸñᲢۣͱҲ
¾ͬҷֿ˯ɣٸ˵ʲôͨѾߣҲҲ

¾ںЦˣһһһߵˣԷȥˣķ̫ڣҶûԱ
һ֣ǳ׵ˡ
󣬷Ժɢʳ
ΣЩʿɷ
һûչǡ
춼ʲô
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ˣɴҲֳϴˡ
ڹ⣬ȨԼʲôʲô
¾ھʹɽƱ֮¿ʼ
ﻪˣӣһ̰٣ԼƽʱĹԱҪТٰһϣͽУ
¾ٽɻС˯
ȥ˴󵨣ƽʱ֪Ҫ޷죡
¾ЦѾ˴ʮزڴſһ
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һȦ侲ʳ¾ڣ׼ô죿
¾ڵȰѾǧʿܷˣɽֻǼ򵥵̰ЩӣССҲͰˣ̰ᣬУһռ֤ݣһʱ
էЩ𣿻᲻ᶼӵɽ
¾Цʿֻӵ汾µĽ죬ɽ䡣
¬һֻͨƷ٣źѺٹ໤ϲԱʿҲܲµˣԾΪվʿǱߣʿǱ׵ӵ
¾ڳƷٵĹΣǾ˳谮ŮɽְߣȴϹϾ˺ƤʿҲʶذɴʱͷĿ
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¾ڶ˶٣һӦùˡ
ЦˣʵֱۣúøɣҵĺϢ
Ѿݸٳ׹ϵԻ֪ɽĺŮ
ϱûľٱ췴Ͼ⿿ٸ뷴Ҳɣ췴ɵ촿Լ
ⱲӻҪһضԸƲ빫Ĺϵ͵һǼˣӲġ
ٸΪǣܼپܶԸ¾ɽǧ֧
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.
գ¾Ȼȥ
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¾ڵͷǾټ䳡л˵
ɽǲһȥš
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ǧˣек´ӻģе˴Ųôů͵ľ£е¶ûУż˫ҲͲֱ䳡ԶԶƼλǰĸ̨վţЩ˲ıش˫ۣǿֱͦ
¾ǧУиģǧˡ
˵󣬳¾ڳʹɫ
֣Ա߾ʿһ
ղŰ˶ʮʱſڴͨɻСӣвš
в۰׽
ɻ;ԼϵָץҲҲûϢСӣɽҸүӲӲɶ
µʿϳвţһ˽
ʱ¾ڵתȥ
С͸вתһȦԵµǧʿ
¾ڣĿӡ
вšɻ
СǺүĻ϶֡
вŰ׵ͳױ¶ǧǰ
ʿǲܹúǴˣһôЦ
вŵ˵뻹죬Ѫжܴ裬»˹ȥ¾ƴɻвžһͷûûƤģֻԴֻǰпԼù̫¡
¾ʿֵʿǣǿ֪вΪΰ
ʿػش
¾ڣԣΪ˾ͣһٰѾظһ飬һʱ䱳죬ϿʼһʱھӪѲ飬оֹΥ˾ͣǱҳʱ򱳲ΥͰͷ
ʿǣ
үֻظһ飬ļǵס
ǲסȥҸԵİٻʣٻǲסȥǧʣǧǲסȥˣĽǣճ鵽˭ᣬҲܷ
үһֶܲ𣿡
ʵڼǲס˼ҲУ˼û˵ԣҪܷ⣬شˣʮͭǮ
;ȻͭǮã
ӣǧʿ˷ܵ


43 
֪, լ
һŻľ²λס
޸ڶŮ, Ժ󣬷ôԷʱ
ʳ޲, ΢ͷؼԼǰĲˡ
²ڿۡ
ȻҪȥ԰ͣŹһдˣΪ˲ʧ棬ٴ⻻һױ֯, ͷϴŽ챦ʯĽ, ϴһԶ׹ӡͰ׾, Щһ, ƽ޶ˡ
Խڼ󣬼޽¼Һÿ¶ӵǮ, ûиԼʲô, صĸ׶Ӹò빫ϵٺ»Щ˽Ǯ, ĸ׾ǰʮ, רŸ, Ͳš
ǻϴʹͣ״ؼңĸ׷, ޳һ, óһָ, ֵܷӵ, Ρ
ĸ, ĸǸŵģʲôöҪ߬᲻͸ϱǣӣͷѴ롣
ϣҲڣѾȡ˳²ڵĹñ͹
ӹְɷϡ
Ʒ֪ĹǴɫмĲӣɿƳɷٿֻչɵ㣬;Լɷһ㿡ݹ
ǱߣһģĪҪ־н
˺󣬳²룬
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²΢΢ҡͷȥѾˣͣ£Ǳ㲻ƴǣֵȥ㣬лĵ˵
Сӣ㲻ܣʣ÷Ҿ˵Ҳ
²ڣأҳٹȥ
㶮ˣҲҰѹѰã;һԷ
Ŀͳ²ȥǰţǹЩȥҲûжൢ飬Ѿ߱ҴӲų
ֻ֣ܿ͵ˡ
˳ͼ԰ĸټԺǽиߴͦεǸһſ䱸ɭϡ
ʱ´߳ˣ߸һλŵĹ
һء
Цݲõ
ף΢
¸
֪ӹ߶̫ź򣬿û뵽һ̫ȻҲܳ˳ڣ˵ǰòΧƵҲ͸󡢳ƵƵģŲʡ
ܷרŴ͵Ļʱ÷һûɽ迪ݱڴСĻ꣬
ƼȴڹϵĻȹӵŹɫˣƿߡ
ȻЦˣ̶ղɩĪǲϵˣ
ع˰˽ȥ
µˣҲһɽֱһɽߵģַǶò޽ʱֿ۽֮УĹټ޹룬۽ѾŵϾбȹˡ
°ྪޣҲע⵽ΣЩ죬ȥ³¼̫̫ɥѶûʱƼ㴩
кܶ಻õΣ޳иǳİڿⷿ͸㣬⵱ʩᣬﷴܡ
ɩҶˣôԶʲô
ָָһĿλǵص
Ų˹
ƷϲˮЦ죺ɩǱ߰ٵΣԱѾ߿ɶ
лģҲͷ߻Ǳҡ̺źѾ߶ֻֻĿǰŶ㱾֡
ͷأŲææ
̾ͦģ˲Ŵǰ
¹Σ¾ڲһֶôҪ²ƹһ񣬿϶æ²ڴ꣬ΪپҲϷḻǳ¼ֵҪ˵ĵġ
㣺ɩ֪ҽҪдλ˶ʲô
Цұ̫үҽ˽Ȼ֪׼Ǳ壬ԭؾȻʮ꣬ȴүҪһá
νãָ游Ľã游游Ҳ֧游Ҳýá
סڸص̫ˣóƺΪ常ʵ˵ѪԵϵܵԭؾͬˡ
ʱ磬ȥ԰ӡ
Уԭؾ׼ҵļϷ½
󣬻λԭؾϯλϣϷұߡ
ܹһʱ׽ԶԶ绪Ҳûʲôýŵġ
õעͼеԭؾߡ
ˣһӣһϱӱĿŮˡ
ʮˣĸϲͣԲ󣬼ȸ̬ףȴݣüۼԳ䵭Ż¶Цݱøӿ⡣
ԭؾʮꡣ
òûжòٲһ۾˾޵ģֻǶعԭؾü˵żͷʱһ䱻ˮÿҪ֦ͷѩΪϧ
Ϊ˴Żڱ֮ϧԾ
뵽ԭؾı³Ĺ۸Խ
ȻףҲǸΪŰģԭؾԭؾһլĹѸðȻȥݷһѹôףȻģΪλԭؾ䵥Ȼǰкԭؾ
ﲻϲ϶㶼ûбֳһӾܳ蹫䲻ȵдλԶס
Ϸȸǡ
Ҳûֻɩԭؾ԰緹
ԭؾҲˣŲ衣
˼ɩ˰ɣȥͷϢ˵˵
㶮µظųˡ
һߣЦŶԻԶүΪ㱸Ա⡣
Ц̫ˡ
ǰԷԡүƣƫƫʱ˿ڡ
룬˹Ǹ̰Ƶġ
˭أʵ۶̰ƣο
˰գȺԵѾ߽͹ԸܣǰͼүżȻ֮ү˵ǸˣֻͼҲǱŹϲõ࣬͸Ʒ
չͼʱԲ˿
ֻûȻʱһӲżѰջͻߣٴ򿪵ڶ
ϻӷ㣬ϲһµ̴ľУ²һ߸ߵ֬
Իԣô֬ϡ棬ֻ񹤾ͷβϸ˲̴
ÿһѵõıŵʼҿⷿҲռһϯ֮ء
͹ζضô󷽣ҿɲ˼ա
ЦȻô˵ҲͲҴˣʵүһ鷳¡
Ҫһ԰ΪŸڽ꼾ǰ깤òʱʿһί
ֻҪĸң빫кͨһ
ɣЦ򵥣Ҿһ٣ҲǸģ˵¹ѻҲðѻյǻʼϡ
˿²°첻ɣȥүϡ
̸ףٶ
԰ǰ뿪ƹ֣ͣǰ
춼¡
ݺ񣬼ֵԶЩֻܷʿ԰Ӷˡ
ĸΪ˳λӾĹ˵ʲôϹص£ҲҪĲ硣
طԱη͢ҷУʹҷ˾˳ۿҲῴ׵ŹҪŸɣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ô𣿡
޼棬Ȳʡ
Цˣү۹⣬ǹûʲôϡ棬ͼʱء
Ц֪ͼ󣬿ȷʵ÷ţһֻ˾ˡ
˵һ٣ٲ¡
ĥ֣ˣ֪ܳĹԴԴһǵ˶һ鲻ãʹ
ĿɨѲòԱһɫΣǷ紫ǰ֮ˣ
ľګصͷ
Ƭ̣漴ϧ̾ٵҲҰ쵽ǻȿ


44 
͵, һƻû԰
ֻǿ׻Ҫһµģ뿪, ȥ㣬Ъ, ˳Ը
ɷҪС˵ЦӦˡ

ⲻ̫ӣ
ҺļƻҲû̫Ӱ졣
гƸ˵һ϶ߵˣӦûθڡ
¾ڻ, ֪ɩ, ܷ, ԻЩҪ, ȳԣæ˵
ټô, Ϊ档
ȴ, СһΪ, ߡ
¼ҵ˶˵Сûɷүϵ, Сļμ, СֻǲЦеľضû١
ΪԼСһ˹ڱԺ÷, , СԻ˵ʵ, ʵǴү˵, ûĵ˵Щ, ҲȻĺ˼ĵܡ
һɩô˵ҺðѴҲԤˡ
鷳
ˣЦɩȥ˵һԺôͬڳ͸öЩ߶
ͷ
պгãС̫˵²ڵˣڵһԺĿӡ
Ըƣȥ֪ȥдү
Ȼ²л¾˵ǻЩȥĺá
¾һ˳Ž׽ϸϸſڡ
ƣΪȲˣû뵽ȥд硣
¾ûʲôȥˡ
ֵ棬²ڹĵǱΣ
¾һϿˡ縸ĸ֡
ֵ˿ʮ꣬ȷʵе󣬵¾ڱᷳͷӣȻһͬĴ硣
Σ˭Ҹɫ
²ڻ˵ʲô㿴ߵģ
¾ڣûСˣֲСӣò٣춼ҪˣϽ˴ɩؼҰɡ
˵꣬¾ھС̫ȥܷһߡ
²ͷۣҪڣ¾ȥˡ
²ڣ
̸ֵ֪ˣһģ¾ִڳ²ˣദƺǢ
²ڣ񿴵һֻó²˵ʲôʲôվĿ
ȻֻǰںѣҲʧضſ
ʱ磬Ǿȸˡ
ţɩߡг¾ڳȥɩͲ͵ſˡ
ȳ¾һˣܷͼڴμϣǰСϰһǻ񣬸Ĳࡣ
յ񣿡¾Աߣﱧţʡ
һ
¾͵Ǵḷ́ô룿
Ǹ̰ƵĹҲֻǸûͷĵļȷʵܳɡ
ﶼˣȻҪİ£ֻҿ㣬ҲԲҵĻ⹫Ҳȥָֻš
¾ڶ˶٣ʣѧң
ҲɽİƱȴûиǻһ·
һۣǸ˶뵽ķӣôѧˣˣȥǱסװӣΪҹﲻ¡
¾ڣ
Ը⣬ָ˾Ͱ˻ȥαô鷳
£ģѵҪӣ⼸һ·öڵ漣һ͸ʣŸ״иʼһʡ
в壬ϾǸ͢ҪʵҲĶǣ֤ݲ֣ĥʵǲ볷еķ
ԣʲΪʿ޽˽Ժͽ滹мƻһһĵ̨˳¡
¾ּùһ뵽ΪϷȥޣ¾ھͻ
Żȥҡ
ȻҪܣ͸óһЩһЩ㶼ˣҿ϶Ҳˣǲǣ

һʱ󣬴Ѻڵֲָ¾ڵؿܷЮųŭƺڰʹ԰ǰҵһЩַүķ߿֮ԣ߾ߣбͱӣԶһ
ԶľͰˣ˵԰ǰŵǻ˼ң˷⶯֪дֿҹӾܳˣűϣ͸ŷ԰ſ
ã˳
ŭһ׹۵Ӣү԰Ĵ⹫ͳܼ
⹫Ȱ˵ţαΪС빫Ͻȥԭˡ
үƨԣҵǸ
ܼȵ󵨣Թ񣡡
ۿϰһԲϾҪ⹫ʱм䡣
ʱһǣƥүһƥҲһƥ
⹫ץסүŵʣˣҪȥδ
үȥ֪סһտʼסת湫ҪûңҪҾͰˣȻôŹɣ
˵꣬үȥߵú
֪ţ²ҲЪ²ãȻ˵үš
Ҫ
²ڰסȥɣ㲻ö
ȷʵûʲô£ʮͷ֪ˣȶʮ״Ԫɻźƻƻġ
ɷʱ߿㺦ߵ˱ӡ
²ת꣬ɫ糣سȥˡ
լԽԶԽ²ڵԽأʱĵĪǳʲô£
û뵽ֵ棬ĵֻǲ̫ͷһͷİֶ˵
²ֲܽĵܵ죬޿κΣСĵȥͷã¸ʻ
üģҲ֪Ϊʲôˣ˵ԺҪסأ
²ڳ
˵һЩΪɷܻҵģôүĵܴͷһ
ĵܳ˺£ɫôôѿ
ȳ²ڻطһӾͷ⡣
²ѣϨƺ˵ĵ֪ܲΪ빫ˣȥ԰ĸײڣǳɩĵ֪ԭίȥȰ˵ĵܡ
𾪵ʱ򻹺úõģô͡
²ڣҲ²Ҳûã˯ɣû񡣡
һ磬¾δ뿪ˣô̸ܵĵĳ²˿ա
ҲЩ緹ȥ԰
С̫ཫ͵ܷ̫̾ˣʱǿ˯£ûѡ
㣺Ϊΰ
ҡҡͷӵ£ūǲҶ졣
´ˣһС̫ȥٶˣûͣĻȥ˵ֻ鲻ִûʲô˵ģү֪ˣǧҪүϷˣòˡ
ô԰
ʱѾڻˣԱϰմС
ĴȻһʢװɫȴ㲣۵׷ŵɫ뵽һ汨ĴԣԽ
ɫĮԳЦ£үҺκҵĻãˣ޹»ȥɡ
װʲô֪飬̵һ԰Ӱˣ޽Ҳûϵôˣ
¶ŭ
˵ԼҵүΪǳıӵ϶ûжǹ˵һػҪǹӣһ״ȥǰˣ
󾪣¿ǧͱǰ
æ䵱Удϡ
һ̫ͷˣˣ˵棬ݺһذɡ
ĸҴأΪһܵģ͹ˣôû̵˷۱
˵˵źùͬƣػ
һ飬ǱߣɽҲˣ˵¾ڵͿʼƾƣȥʿǱͣʮͭ壬ҲĴ򣬶һԶ֣жʿ˼Ღ԰ӵ£ү̽̽Ƿ顣
ˣҽ԰֮ǰִҹȷʵŭȥ֪š
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45 
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²˵ԭؾǺ󣬹ദһʱ, 繫ϼӣȴȥϵܵΪʲô빫
²ˡ
һЩط, ˣ϶ҲҪͽṫĵأֹ֣˺ֱ, ޷ܹ˾١
һֱŵؿɷ, ʣǲǲµˣ
Ǳ, ²ڻ, ϵܻ¸ϵ, ô˵
ֻοĵܴǻƢ, ֲԸ, ദִȥȰȰĵ, ȥ
Сھ, ȴʲôˡ
²ڣЪΣһȥ԰Ȱ, 幫ɡ
ͷ, ڼҲ, ֻҪùС御عں, ˵, ܶ⡣
¡
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¾ڼȻܻؼң䳡һʿŶͳЬ⡣
չƣΪÿʿṩġսףһס·СŪˣ첹ã˺ö꣬Ѿɵ΢˺á涼û޻Ǿ͸˻µġʿǴóԺã彡
ڵϸͳƣ¾Ա߶ˣԷͶȡɣñ˵ľѳ䵱Լģöһס
ϲ˿˿۾ãײʿҲǸʵ
ɽ߹Թһʾ¾ڵһ˵
֪㰮ЩʿǴѣҵֺγأֻ淢ľһһ٣ֻܻڵϣЩ͹˼ˡ
¾ڿɷнµĬƬ̣¶һѿЦްһһЩӦùáңұ㵱߾ܣΪǧٸ
һʼΪԼǮΣͱÿҲ֮ӡʵŮĳ嶯
ɽֻúЦ
é®ĹԱ䣬ܶ¾㣬һҾĳ֮ġò˶ãǾͻᱻЩٳϺһͰˮֳ֮ģ͵üżҪֻϺͬۡ
ҡҡͷһ¾̬ӣҺܾ壬ֻ˽ùշǳ֮ƣǸöԼŶԡ
¾ƺȥˣɽһ˿ʹʹܰλϣʱүȻ˿ɷһЩӣԼĻܲá
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ǰ׾ռֻ֤ʱǵӣ֦ҶֺαؾС
¾Цǹһûܹ̹ܽƽʱǹ⻰ôȥ˵
²ƽ֪빫Ҳ㣬жԲߣҲŲǣ϶ԸطʴȣδԸطײȴԸһʱɽԡ˴ֻֿ֣ܡ
¾ڣһʱӾһ·жڣ˵ȥĺˮҹбԹһ䣿дҲǿͷµȣǽԵģв˴֣ΪҪ޵ǼӦҶˣ㻹˵˴֣
²ڣûָǣǻϿܻ롣
¾ڣͷʲôƣȴʱҲ²£ǵʱָһ׮˷ָݵаɣǸ´˾͸ðװˣЩõʿ͸ոһΪҲˣǲǣ
²򴽡
¾ЦˣǶµˣ̳̣̲ˣҲ̡ͦãǼǵģǸǵ״˻ϲϲҲǷ޵£޹ء
ϦڵͶӰ
ӪʿԼѶɻ塢¬Ȼ¼ֵ˵ʲôȴܴǵɫ￴ֵڳܣǳ²Ȼòᡣ
ɻүƢ״綼񣬹ֲø빫
ȻҲһչˣƽʱЩɻģʱ¾ֳȰ˵Ҳ϶ԹͷеǸ𼸷ͣĺӣ͸
ֻ¬ǵǣүӲӲˣ᲻ѹˣ޹ϵҲ޷תˣһʱָزʲô¹һ֮ݷ
ԣȳ¾ڵӪ¬ӭȥȰ˵һ
¾ֽ̧ס
Цﻹ̳þƣүԸ
¾ڹȻˡ
¬


46 
ݳ, ү
ϵͷߣڰ۹ˣ԰ǲ෹̸, үһ֮»ˡҡðǽֵ, ֲ²⣬׵ģĪڻݰ׵ˣүԴˣŻ˵ùмѡһ
Щ޻̸֮, ˭ðվͺһ, ӹ, ûĸȨûл
ǿԿ, ²ڡˣһæȥȰ˵ܵ, һ԰ܡ
, СֱֻŤ, ʧĿǴͷƸ빤԰ҲóǮ, , 취ùүعںãȻôȥ㻪ûдŸ¾ڵ״, ϢҲᴫ, ʱ˳һ׷, Ͱūʿ½ҳˣ
, ִӿⷿ, ȥ԰С
ߣΣ촽ĥƤˣɹͳ֣Ҳζţ˼ҹǵǨŭ˷ĸ顣
ôôûȰɹͺã
Ҫûף֮£
ͷΪԼ⣺飬ҵĻʲôЧɩ֪ȥıһڣҲãҿֻг¾Իȥſɡ
ɽ취˵¾ȸͷ
ɽȰ˼Σ߸үȰǳ¾ǸӲͷϸҺȺȾƣ֪ҪʲôˣȾߴգԶԶҾߣʲô취ˣвͨ

ɽ̽Ҫôү߼԰ùǱȷ
͵صɹ㵱ЩܳĹ±ǣűߣйȥȰȰ涼¾ô
ɽʶȤرս͡
ҲǸûõģ
ý۳ʮôȥˣѾ˶£ϴճ²ڷΪβòûʯ򣬿ϵµ׵գ²ӿ϶Ҫϼңһ͢ߣ͢ûһô죿
峿ȥ¾ӣϯ
¾ڸû
Ҳֻţ˵͡
¾ڲϵɽ˵䳡ͼ¾ʿСŶʮһ˫޳ʵֱۣʿΧתҲû³¾ڣ¾ɵˤڵأʿ׷׺Ȳʡ
үȰҸһ¾ڸһۣаүдһأֻҪүӮˣѣһ·߹ȥ
Ǹҷ˵¾ˣЩͨʿ򲻹
ЦеظԼҲ˵ЦˣһϹͷﻹ˵Ķ֡
߳ҴүԣΣ
¾´һۣЦЦҲУˣЩˣҪҶ߆£
ֻۣԱ㳯¾ȥ
汾µģ¾֮ģȫԡ
ⳡˣڿһ
ſţ˳͢游
͢ʮоʱ游Ҳʮ꣬ø߸ߴͣչˣȻûбĸˡ
͢ĵǸӣûˣ͢Ҳ˿ƾ֮·
ɳ¼ҵ汲֮ˣڸڳ¾ڵչֵ쾡¡
顱һĻ䣬ȻͿ屻¾صˤ˵ϡ

ˣȰ¾ڸͷ·Ҳױˣ
.
ȻȰ˵ү޹Ϣ֪ô԰
ûգ԰㡢ԭؾ׼ҵļϷɽҲλŮӣ԰ϷݸĶżҰࡣ
ڰտڻүа壬㰮Ժһңأ
أԸɽԼȰȰ¾ˡ
ڰҲָʹҲүֻͨͨĳ׵ˣԹ˵ݸ˵䣬㿴вУ
¾ץž̳ޱﵹ˵ֻܺȾơ
ɽҾ˵ˣ֮ǸɷģɴɷҲ춼ţԴҲҪС⣬úʱҪ壬ɥǼҲˬǲǣ
¾ںһǾͲס
ɽ㿴㣬˵Ҹ˵еŮ֣һʵˣ޲ñһذϡеŮ˰ӲӲ㲻Ҳ㣬ԼȥϷ˵˵ǲǳɢˣ
¾ڹ˹˵غžƣ뵲ס˰
ɽٽҪ治ˣҲȰﻹйӣ˵Ϊһʱֵ÷Եϣֵ𣿡
¾ںһڣطº룬ضɽȥϷˣô֪
ɽ
ſ͵ɻֻصȻ֪ˣأ˵ǶżҰ࣬żҰ°׿Ǹ
û˵꣬¾һӾ̳վŮϷҲԺȻƣߣ·ȥݸ¥ǺȾ˯Ůˣ
ɻ۾һ
ɽֻͷۣү˯Ůˣ˽͵͵ͿԣҡڵشүȥҤӣȻǲǣ
æ塢¬һס¾ڣ嶯¡
¾ڷҪ嶯˭ʹ˭
Ѫж塢¬һʼ˼ɳ¾ڵûл֣ɳ¾İȭǼϣ˭һֱ̣
֮䣬Ҳ֪ɽ廹¬¾ҲһȭͼոջҪȥ¥үͻȻǰһˣԴǡײһӣ˱ббسϵȥ֮ǰŵָǣ뾾ˣ
ɻವض㵽ûְ޹أ
˦첽ɽһ¾ڣ̽̽Ϣʣô죿
ɽһ죬ûѣϽȥ԰Ǳ߾˵үСײˣ
սǲϼ棬ֻҪ棬һģһͷܴβͣʲô¾ͶԷƪˣ
Ѹٰź۵糸ݳǸϣڳŹرǰ˽ȥ
ۿ⹫븻һ𽫻Բѵĳ¾ڱ԰ɽ˿ϳȥͨ籨š
ֹܷ⡣
󽫳¾ڷŵμϣҲͷˡ
ƿŻԲѵүˣϽȥ̫ҽ
ãˮɣȻҪԡ
ⳡϷݵ죬Ѿˡ
µʲôЦ˳ơ
ת¾һЦô˲ɣ
¾ڻûκηӦ
ߡ
ߵſڣ·ͻԾ£һ̣ͻ˹ѹǽϣȵĴһ䵽䡣
˲ʧҺǰǽ֧޴ɵ
ˣȥڡԡ
Ҫȹʱסֻ޳Ĵ֡
û㻹ҪҼƽ
¾ڽתŴʡ
ܿľӶ˵£ǰ꣬㲻ʰɾҲҪƽϡ
¾ڿڻΪҪЭʱ¾ͻȻȹ

¾һͷȦصͻܿͽӡ
ץüѡ
¾վֱ糺ЦҲˣȻһϴ
Ǵ
¾һ߬סһӵǽϣĿ⽥ƣĴ
󾪣Ҳھңİȥ
¾ڶ˶٣УһڣҾ㡣
֪вģҲ֪˵
չգҧҧ鲻Ըմžѵˮһ¡
ԡҵˮˣ¾ں£ȹ˹ȥ
ռԡͰɾ
¾ϴúͰǰ
һ˫ţ۾ԡ
¾ֻð̳ɺŽβ
ԡ¾ӣ˹һš
ô֪һ¾һߴһʡ
ߵҰŶȥˣǾͲˡ
¾ζؿһΪ͵͵ˣײĺ¡

ոԲү빫һԲϺڱѺݺݵء˴


47 
յ, βڵĹ߻ƶ͡
Űûͷֳ¾ڵֱ۷·ԭִһȦ
̲סÿնڲ𣿡
¾ڣţЩ, ҵô, 㲻ϲ
ϲҲϣױ̨ߵĳиŷ⣬򿪿
¾ڿЦˣòĽ, дż˼
ݺݵһۡ
¾һĲ, ´ȥš
˶, ڱôû, ؿʶת, š
¾ȡŷ, , һֽ̻ػ§ţһŷ, ҧڡ
ٿ, ȻһƱ
Ѿˣ
ǰרȥһǱѰ, һ, ʱִ, Ӧࡣ
¾, üͷ
¼ûʲô, ȫ˸ͷӲһԾΪˣˣ¼Ҽҷɼӣ¾ڻôֻ꣬Ȣ˻춼ܿһЩ鱦Լ޳УƩ˵ϲõϴûʸ˯졣
ǰ¾ƷֵֻµǺöԼĪǧӡ
˭룬滪̫ϵ
ǰڵǷ漣Ǹ
ͻӣֻ˵뱣ס棬мʮ򡢼ǧ
Ĭ̫ã̧ͷɫҲܲµʲôż̵ַԱ֪ȨգοصķĳһķܾһۺңʮۻƸ֪ѡһĶʤ⡣
游λʱֹǸɾǼֱ궼գڸʻ֪ΣЩһʣ࣬ҲͰ͵ġ
ˣЩǱߣҪöӣؿڡ
̫үү⣬λʵ۶ͷۣȴֲܲǶû취¾ھͱȥˡ
¾ס֣ٿЩƱһǧɣܽµ⣬ҰѱЩ˽̵ľﶼҪ볯͢ľãת
ɽо仰˵öԣ⿿˽ùǳ֮
ǧʿһǧ᲻̫٣
¾ڣҲųһ࣬үٺһǧٶãЩ˻ỳңǰϷǰˣ
գգ۾٩㲻ǹĨң㻹һǧٺ»ɣ
¾ڶŷ⣬תѹ£㶼ҵģЩ֮
޵˭ģӷᱻɷݵҲñֺˣܳþõҵ
¾ڣôֺãոء
һסĹ죡
.
գʱѾˡ
һǧӶûôۡ
ҡҡ߽ľȻǳ¾ڡ
ȵûȥ
¾ڣײȥˣصˣռٶ˵ȥ
Զԣ
ʱүɹ԰һ綼û뿪ϢѾ˹Ĵµ˶С
֪ţɷ򣺡ҽջȥ𣿡
²ڣãӦҪͺˣʵڲģĵȥٹȥ
ͷ
ͷβĥһ¾ı֣ͻȻһЦ
ʧ衢ٸ裬·̫ϤˣԺ˶ù¾ȻԸūۣﻹϲ˹ģһ˵ܿĳˣװû԰ȥȻٿӢסΰȡùϣŮ˶һˣʲô˵
ĳ¼ģ˼ӣô¾ڳȥˣǱӮӣڹǱʵݣ
ߺ޹ߵǰԼ˶ʵԿӢϧ̾˿
ҲǸӣг¾ʲô£
ɽһڵϢ԰˹˵үҪգɽɻԼ¬ĸƽʱһɵĹԱԼͬ˿
ͺˣүסȥҲ۰
.
ɾʱĸдһţŸϵĻǷ漣װһǧƱŷ⡣
鷿˳ͦ˵ģŮֻд˼飬ӻ
Ƿš
Ȼ˳û뵽Ůڵһ˰ڶͱˡʣ̫
̶̼֣˳۵Ļˣ·𿴼ŮĪίĿӣ
ø¾ڣû¾ûйһ⿴͢ݻʺӲǿͬŻ£¾ھȻ۸谮Ĺ
ؿ˳۳¿
ţܽĶΣ
ʣã䱦ֻʱһǧʿˣŮȻԸȫ
ʣ̫ˣȻҽܵĴҰ˻ȥȻͲ԰
ʣŮս˰£ﻹģˣһŮЩ̣Ʊȥ裬Ҳ帶֮ǰıꡣȻģ˵ܶʿĶ¶ûУһǧӦʣµϡ
ʣ߲ϡŮҲϡ軨׷Тɣֻ븸ּѵһ٣ʧ棡
˳۰ػؿ飬ٿƱûʲôһ䱦Ȼǻ漣
־ǻ漣Ǯ
˳Լ̫ӵʱ򣬵ʱö곯͢ȱӣжģ̵ĽʿгԲϷģһԱ첻ٺ»ʼ֪ǳҹҹ˯šЩأӲõӳﳯ͢ȹѹأֻܴ߳͢㷢Ӧõٺ»
رǰݸĹԱӲ˳ۿ׵ķû׷֪ڹȻҴ
ҵ԰ӣǲǸҵģ
ɺ޵ǣһ͵ˣȻŮ㻵Ůķ޹ϵ
£ھ˳ۿŮûŮǺģֻһˣ
˳ۺеʹһ٣ϧΪôһС׷ô룿
ŵһ֮ô¹Ե·ڣһڷҲñд˵Żʵ۵ݱΪڷģпܶҡλ볷ĳλڣλˣ˭ˣ˵Ƿǵĳү
ү˼ҳЩ׶ĸľǳү
ӹͷջΪһص̾Ϣ
ƽ飬˳ۿʼŮдţίŮٿŮӳ̳͢ĸֱŮĪҪŮ
дţ˳۸ߵߣŷɢڸصʿ
طԱ̰Ҳ̰Щ治ܻ˳͢İ
ʿ¶Ҫ˵ȥװūۣĸžұڱӣ
бޣ
ҪǲȥѲӣҪ֧͢ôһʾã׶ʲôı
عԱµ׼ʱ䣬ֲģ̣̰ѬģҲ


48 
¶ʮ, ¾ڡ²ֵҪȥԵŵԹ緹ʯˡ
ʮ·ֻҪʱ, Ҫһ磬Ů, ֵȥլסһù緹Ҿֵûسˣ̶һգֻ˰š
ů, ·żһ, ССķɫ, ҳһ滹Щǰ˵ġ
Щһ, Ժһ, ժ֦͹ȥ
ЦЦôɩ鷳, б˻ҡ
һ뵽С, ʱԼ£ɩ, ȻϲС͵ˡ
һ·, һʯ
һƾ֪ǹ˻̽¸ϷˣеĽζؿ, еѾϡ, ʲôʲô
ûͣ, ˡɡɡƵĴ˳

ˡɽ˽㻳
ָ, Դĸ, ǵһ뺢Ƿֿôá
ɡɲվһ³ˣСֵеίɸҪ޳ӡ
ˣֱֶǵͷ͵øЩȵ϶Ҳ·ˣ
庢ӣšǶ׼
յӵЦŴӳȡĺи㣬ÿӷһС
˺óԵģǶܸˡ
ʱ͢Ҳˡ
͢վɴһɫĴֲۣؿڵ״ƮݣڼҶôãھǵʱ̰ڵشʮͷĳ¸ŵǾһЩмɷǡ
ϧǻ游ķɣֻ֪游̫游һŲ𿪸ӵԹԱȺӣˣɡɸˣҲ˸游ǰ΢Щ
Ȼ˻ʹĵܵܣʱĵܵܣڹǰҲعɵġ
Ʋ˵
ǲڣܲܶ͢ԶϱʻЩѾõϢˣҲֻװ֪
ЦеعԶС޵ĽƩסǷϰߣƩǵĲææ
ˣȻ÷أһ·ȻȥЪɣӶѾǰʰɾˡ

ʹźǸˡ
صԺɡûӵԼףȥΧ׵ĴĸʶҲģʲôܴش
տʼȤʱһӳˣѾȻá
վ棬ЦŻС㡱
꣬˽ˣż֦۲Ӳӵһ峺ӻϲժһϲ𣿡
ϲ
ϱĴ죬֪һգҲһɰС½۵Ļ꣬һ
Ҳ׼ء
ȡһƴСϻӣݸˣЦŽơ
ͼϻһö÷۱ɵһ䣬Ưˡ
һ䣬ְ˴ϣǣߵ˸ߵĴ¾ǰ
˺ϲҲЩ˼ÿҹҪҺö´Ҷˡ
ԵΪֺƵġ
ЦҲÿζУ´ҾͲˣɺã
ҲЦˡ
Ҳˡ
϶ȥſڽֻ࣬˵ļ򣬽ֻܹȥСӦ
ɡѾȥˣվȵȽ㡣
ע⵽ܵͷϿ˺üۣһеܵܰȡһ䣬Сսľºɰ
ʣ͵𣿽ôˣ
˱ߴŵܵ߱ߵ͵ǵӣҲ̫ЩҴǷȥ϶µͣˣǲҲҵöֺαؽƷء
ϲʹͶ˴󷽷£ȴҪ
ѾˣѾһЩʡ
Ĵ˼
լ⣬ҲֶǱ˳ʳ
ţϱ񣬳͢ξûˣϾոֻҪӭӹֻдϱģҲûеҪӭϱ
Ǿ߶ү΢˽ãƼһרʹСľ鳣븸׶һԺòã
˷ԤһԶСľ鳣Ѿ߲ڣԼҲʱôô
ԣЦеʵãˡ
ź뿪Ҳ˴á
͢ߵѾһϻӣͶϻӿ
ϴ͵ĲҶе󣬲Ҳû̫ϴٺ»
ĶϲТǹ⡣
֪Ԥʲô
͢ǵǺǵ¶ҲѧЩ̰ٵ·֬ǰТӡ
֪˼ȡǶԶСľ鳣ɣֱǲǲ˽ӡ
͢
ѾЦ¡
һСľ鳣ɷãߵ͵ˣƫǻģ˵ıȳĻ
͢¶һЦ⡣ԲЩǴϲͿοҲϲһס
Ժ
˳·ȥ˹ۺá
ǴһˣʻƩϴιΪͬƩ絽ݳǺ󣬹ûȥ԰߶֮ࡣ
˵Ķ˵ˣֻ˹СֵǳŤ
꣬ЦЦɩи֮ˣǵ˹ˡ
ҲԼиĲᣬ빫ãⱲӾû׻
ߺ˼ĸߡ
ƼԺһʣȻҪһ𣿡
ҡҡͷƤֲЩ
㣺ô֪
ˣȥ껨԰ˣÿǱϲοͲһϲ
־ϲŮСӣԴһ
ˣаɣҵԴ˵ò
Ůߣ㶼ˣŮʱвԸ
ϱȼ򵥳һ٣һ˶ˣٳһ¡صļ硣
ڵĳ¼ңֻг͢ʳرɣԷſˡ
Ǳ߲ϴ˵Ĳ㣬ɲֱˮʵ游ƽʱ̫ˣĸٺ⣬游˶Ҫüͷ
ɫ
ڣϴ˼۵طֵܰ·ˣͬ·顣
㡢඼ҪȥӭӸԵɷ򣬺ǿ϶ҲҪȥӭס
Լϯλϡ
ǶȻģ׵֣ԶʱСʣΪʲôȥ壿
𣺡ΪǹҲǼˣԼԸ⣬˭ӡ
ɣǴ󲮸ҵ˽ӣûУǺܿ
ӵԴϣ岻СڣЩ
˵䣬糾ߵĳ¼ֵӭˡ
ǷֱȥԼĵ
¾վֳһ࣬λɩǳǳ
ɴӵ壬۾һµ߹ȥʣ壬ʲôʱӣ
¾ڣ
Тڡ²Զޣ
أͯ޼ɣԸ㣬˵ܵãǾͿԸһˡ
ϵĸɫ½ָ糣
¾һѱɣ᲻صص˸˭˵Ըҵģ
ָָ棺û
¾ЦΪǰкˣһˡ
ˣԴһת۾ֱ󲮸׵
²ڳĬƳܡ
ТЦˣӶˣǿȥ÷ɣ
ʱضԺȴ÷㣬ںǰ۲۵⡣
ɱ˹
²һǰ棬ǳТһң¾ۣȻҪ
ĿɨŮƵλֳ¾¶м
ᷳЩ񣬾Ҳϡ


49 
, ¼ֵȥĸ
¾ڻվԱ߾УλֳڱТġ
ЦˣϽϴϴ, ȥɣˡ
²ڴͷ¡
ų¾ڳ, Ŀеףϸһƣƽʱһ·ֻոտˡ
ȵʪ͵үǰ
¾ڲٲ֡
죬·ϸɸɵ, ɱ, Ȼҳ
¾ÿ, մĳ, ĿĻ䵽ĳ²ڡТˡ
Ѿǽ˶, һµĳ¼ܰسһԲ
Ժĳ͢ʵû¶, ˵Ⱦ˷纮
, ͢ӣǶ
²ڡТ͸ȥ¾ڲ붯, ϯ͵͵šһ, Űš
͢ȥ鷿ѯʶһµ
ʵϸǵӦû, ͢ĬĬ, ò, ָһ
²ڡТڻ, ͢һʱ, 侭֮ḻĸӵٳʦ´ࡣ
ⳡ̸עҪķһʱ䣬¾ڸԼ˰ӣ
͢۽ǳ˳飬²ڡТֻû
֪ʱȥˣʱֵ¾ڴˡ
͢ȿڲ裬Ҫڣ¾ڴ˸Ƿ
͢һۣȻȥ
Тھ֪ݳ϶ʲô£ĵйأҲ֪顣
Ȼ棬ȻΪûҪ룬ТҲͶµظˡ
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Ҳɡָ͢һѿζԳӵûеվſܻܵػĵ
²վ˰ʱȷЩˣл׺µ
͢ģ£Ѿдţ
¾һ㶼ͷ֪£ĵصţżĳȥģӦѾˡ
ݵǣͨյļҪ·ϵһңԱͨҪ£м͵
ļ飬ߵǹԱͨר䡣
͢˼Ƭ̣ʣɿţ
¾Ŀ죺㲻һֱڹǰҪ𱰣һССдϵš
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ҲͰˣ븸˵Ҳûأɺͳ
¾˫ֵԺαһĿһ򵥵ذѻŸһ顣
²ڻǵĻϻ᲻ֹСطٶһЩ֮٣ūʿ԰治ʲôٱκһΪԭ﷪
ĵܰҲͰˣʲôһһ𿸣ǲϣΪԼҵӰ칫ϵĸŮ֡
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͢Ǿģ£ʲô鷳ɽǣ
¾ڻͣ͵ȥˣȻȱӣҲȥҪ
͢ʶ
¾ڣҪˣ׼ľﻮ֣ѱռȥضջָ
ģԱ֤֮ҷʳھرԼطԱռȥˣʿǼûԼòã±㣬
͢˼̵ķ⣬³
¾ڣȥߵȻã˭иϵԱ߻йޣĸҲӣ
͢
ΪʲôУͷү¡
һаչҪԱ
СߵѽŶԣСõ°빦Ҫ͢æıߡ
¾ˡ
²ڸһ裬ףĵȻЩ³çģԶĲᣬһǧū۵ʿڶˣɽЩͼɫ£ĵܣĵ־ᶨܹƻ󡣡
͢ߵҪȡ֮ûУɿּҲӭȢ
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͢ƣֻЩʿһѣŮ˽޹ء
²ڳĬƬ̣ĵܿʵΪأֻϿܻ⹫ԣĵܾ󶯸λһһҡ
ôģ
²ʵ
̾͢ʶ塢˴֣޽ǳ¼ңȷʵ̫ίˡ
²ڣ
Ϊ볤֣Ϊ˻͸ĵܵĹϵѾˣ
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á
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¾ںȻ
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ϱӷ޹ϵ䵭¾ڲЩ£ҲûҪʣ˿üü¾ڵһë֪ʲôŵ㡣
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οҲЩʵ£Ů
ϱĵúúõģС԰ǱͻȻǵĻ
ѾȥƳʲô¡
СѾһˣЦϷˡСء
һΣտ䣬ǽˣϴСģȻȥ
ѵûһˣȥɡ
һųƻá
԰ﲻʱǵЦ
ԼĪӣƽˣɫŹֵصո˵ˣȲ衣
͹ȥü룬˳Ԥ㣬Сǳԡ
СĵسۣӲͷƤ˵͹ȥĲ衣
ط顣
Լҵү죬ȲͺȲɣҪôࡣ
ų¾ڵëе棬ôͻȻҪˣȻƤǰҲû
Ҳûʲô£ȳƽˮ׼ˣųƹȥˡ
С԰¾뺢ǸպһʯϢ
ˣ
ȷ˹
¾ڿȥŶµף΢ЩȻҪɡˡ
ɡ棬ʤѩˡ
Ƕˡ
¾ڿ˿ȣֶֶŮǵעЦϲңԸͲˡ
ĸӣ
Ͳ棬ϲû
ߵǰĻóƴʳУм䣬ںǱߡ
۾һתãȻͳԵˡ
óʯϣЦ˰ɣȺȿڲ衣
ɺٺЦ
ˡɶ˼ԣոԼء
ֻһ˵˸ϡ
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ˣ
¾ڣûӡ
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¾ڵֶӣٶԻֻġ
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֪¾ڻʱΪûȥӣȻͬһѣһء
ûϢˣĬĬȡһѩ׵ӣʾ¾ڰ
Ȼ󣬻ְǵκ


50 
ص, ѩ׾˳¾ڡ
¾ӣ˼ڡ
ôҪԼĺζ
¾ڣ, ôңѵĺģ
ӻµ, Ҳһζûù
Ȼˣ¾ڻŵеĵ㣬õԡ¶ζ
ӣս
֮ǰһ
¾ڣ˵ȥ͵ȻǶȻҪ, á
˭Ҫ㶨, һͨͨӶѡ
¾ڣҲ, ǰ˵, ŮӾǶ, ǵһӵŮ, , ǾǶ
ֱȥңơʰ
Թ緹, ԶҪˡ
Ƕ, Ǻ᲻õվ游ĸǰͰ͵ŽԶȥ
Ȼͬˡ
͸, ȻˡӭĻ, Ҳ뵽¾ڷҪӵ֡
һ, ò۲жŮӭ, Ҳż˰ɣ
ǰ, ³ˣ˳¾
ۡ
¾ڣл˵͵͵СѾߵƵġ
û뵽ôزȥƽĵ٩ʣǲǿкТĽˣ
¾ڿĽΣԸ⻳
Ը⣬кܶҪ滳ˣӰжҲҪһ˼ں档
¾ᣬ˸ǳɣһ˿ԷֱĴ϶ŽϵȻǹˣȴֻڻʹתƣײܳڼ޸ˣĸ޷ңұң꣬ģŮ
¾һֱţֱ˵һ䣬̧Ȼ˱ϡ
Ҳ
¾һֻ󣬵ʲôʱ꣬һǾ仰ҵľС
Ļ˭ģ¾Ҿ㣬ЦԿҵƷУҡ
û˵꣬¾ͻȻͷס졣
ּ䱼ӵİǣһܷһҪ׷׷ϸϣռƣ˵ڲݴУŪ
һǽ˫պ͸Դκģ˸ոִʲô
¾̵ЦʵҲûĽǣھͻˣҪһҵĺУ굱ҲҪ

ôõĶӣĽӣȨ⵽ҪҪúӰĿ
֪ˣαأð
.
λݳǣΪ¾ҪæŰѱ˽ռľﶼջ㾭סҹҹ԰
ҲͲó¾һֻΣ˯þ
ѮܼͻȻ˵ˣӦҪȥһɽ
һɽɽÿ괺춼ῪһƬһƣټɽɲ»£ƴ˷羰ʱڣһɽ϶֯
ŮɫΪ£ˣרŽ˶ʮͤԺ
ϲģǴһ΢ݳһεĶˣҲݣ֮ؽ磬Խùֱ°Ƚ췹ʱ򣬴Ů᳼үݣԴ˻ԸίסıԺ֮С
Щ˼еĸŮ˸֦ٶܰֻƽϡеĵŮȴҵһλֻżһҸҵģֱӰŪºҧȹ̸ӲԾ±Ͳ壬ٸҲ޷κΡ
֮ǰ䣬۴ٹ˻նţůŮǺһͻĺʱڡ
ȻĶڱشˣһЩ˲ôùͻԼͷϡ
ܼ˰жĶȵľһ졣
ҲԤ˼ϸѣһ׸ƻϣ洩ϲ£ͷֻһ򵥵ľٴɫ׺װһͨŮ
Ʋ֪ҪʲôֻѪҪȥ̤࣬ǰӣЦһȷʵŮŮӣмӨļңװĹкѣ˭ҶߵСѾߡ
Ҫ£ֻܺҼһأʮǮ
æǣ¡
̣ȡԡСʱʶ£̡ݻʺϲŮʱǻ顣
ߣܱ¶͸Լˡ¡
װϣŵͨͳˡ
ܼʮͨװһֲڹǰҡ
.
һɽ
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ר·ͣ·»תơ
ҲɵƼ˶ں֮ԶԶض㿪ôĳǷɢĿ꣬ɼȥѰٵĵط°ߣɽµС
ҲǷҪ־ɫˣôɫǷɫ𪣬ݣˣֻҪһ֣ÿΣջŮɫͨŪһζ˵ģӽǲɢؼңȷʵֵģŻꡣ
빬ѡĻʵҲࡣ
һδ»һҡȣһƵţ˾̨Ъһ
֣Ҳֻ˵ţŲ࣬С
ͳʱպɽСȶֱ£һϢ
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Ǹһͨͨķɫ廨ӵŮС׵üֱᷢ⣬ͬһߵ·ĹվǧȺУᱻһ۷ֵˡ
۾ҪֱˣҲ鲻Խվ겻سȥ
Ȼ֮ǰиѵṫǰڨȥˣߵһСˣŻرܡ
ʱҲע⵽
ʶֱͦţҲչȣΪε˼¡
ϣоŨŨ񣬾һҲҪˣСתȥ
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ƺΣգ֮¿ʼСܵùգۼͱΧס
ֻסˣʲôҲ˵
ɫеعˣԷÿطӽΧȦ
·İΧһȦ㲻ʶҲжϵóǸ竣ͼϷŮ
ˣʲô֣ĿתؿǰľɫˣȻԱߵСҲ׼ŹŴ˵
뿴ÿ
Цˣǲأ
쿪˫ֵڹǰŭֻܣʲô
˺õģСѾͷھˣҲǺƢЦһԸˣҡ
˴а취ǹԹԳ
ͬʱҲˣŨŨŭ𣺡ˣס죬Ҵ򣡡
˻һߵסˣҲסˣǲôĻ
һ̣һߴݵͻȻ˷һ磬ûӦͱԷһ߷ڵأһƲ漴ޣ˳ҲɼҪӪ
󵨣ǿ֪
Ҫݣȴ԰ַͬƷһǳɡ
ಣǱӻƿ
žžžǱӺݺݴƤ죡
Χ۵İǣ
źһҰͷ̫̫սս߳ĵضԻס֣ɴ򲻵ã
С˶ǳˣᱨİǸϽȥɣ
Ȼ
ƾȵ̫̫ûϴɣ˵⵨쵨ðĻ˶ݳǵү
̫̫
ش
Ǹһ𾪵ؿλ˵ǹĴˡ
Ƽ̫̫ٿ
̫̫ˣȥϸ̶̵ıϹְܼ߰˱ޡ
̫̫ͷȥ
ü˼ӣס֡
ܼ׷ͣ¡
ѪҲһ׵ġ
ֺֿذγеӣŵؿǱĺֶŮ
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ʱȺͣڹǰ
ͣȳȥȡȽŵʣһعȥԽʵƽļʡ
ӵžɫ׵Ĺת˲ͽ˳ᣬκ˶޴ټӿӡ
ȥΧİǻǸ
үڱѾʲôϡˣɽǾȻһλһòޱȡھʮҲ׵ĹһĹ
ǳڹУѾ۵޷·ˣͬ˱ӵİ˸̧̧һȥ
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51 
, ˰ȻȥͻҲæΪ׼
ߣ¾ſѲ, ɽУɻ塢¬ﶼںš
ͱڵæµ, ϲģүճɳҪЩ˰ʣµľͶǵˣȻҲ
ɽȴ, ָʹ, ͷĿ, ǰռΪеľֻһЩ, Ϊλڳ¾ʽ֮ǰ, ǰ˽̵ľֻ˾
Һ, ¸ϾҪؾ, ү϶Ҳȥʱ, ط˵㣿
Ϊֻ֪ҪʧһĽ, үǲûг¾˺Ƥֻͺضȹһꡣ
һͻȻԶ߱, һ·ҳ
¾, ɽҲɻؿȥ
, ƥͣǰ, ȵ, ɫس¾ǹߵ
¾ɫһ䣺ǹ˺£
ŭؽ͵ãݳǶһɽ΢ȥһǲ뾪ŰգҵԶԶţϾүүҲ΢߶ʶүѹͨŮײð֮ڹ̻ȥ
βδ䣬¾Ѿһ˦ӣŭݵؼ۶ȥ
Ҳûˣ׷˹ȥ
ɽûдӸոϢָ
ܲ˽ĺɫȻɫǰȥˣײ˹
Ȼһүһǹƺ൱ֻǾ˳۵Զףֻ̫үһͬڣȴǾ˳谮Ů۸˹˳̣
ůɽĶͷȻŴŵð
ɻһ̰ɫ⣬Ȼ˵Щģ˵ò˫Ҳѹү
ͻȻɹһ۵
ɻ¬Ҳڣ㬵ر͡
.
¾·ѾǸˣ֪ɫһƬ½Ƕûˣ뵽ֶĵð¾Ȼòᡣ
ֱ԰ܷлμ䣬ͼϣϸѣŮͷ
¾һ¡
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㿪ʼ纷ˣվǳ¾ڵһŮױ
ûܾɣ
¾߹ȥҪ֪ΰοˣҲûоֲƽʱǰûΣԳֱ׾
Ŀ֣Ըո̫ˣû̫࣬ȥЩҵ
¾һǰ͸ֳһΪΧĻ棬ߡ
ģҪԽԽ񣬲ŻݳǵİǶ֪˶ί˶ĸλ
£ͨ̽׵İա˴Ǳߣʱ򸸻ʸ״ǸʳͷǶɻҪ̫ͷ϶
¾ˣܼһٸƺƵؽ
̣һ·İնˣ׷׶ͷ£ӵȥڵһʱ֪ʲô

Ϊʱ۵ֱڵϴǰǰ󶼰ܼıӣſҲУҲУֻСǲţվΪáҩ
ĺʹûͣ
ʮӶڣʱݲţվֻӽǰַŭص˴󵨣ҶԸ֣
ЩǶ˵˵ȴûǸڡ
ȫݳǵİն֪ʲôɫҲ˼߶ӣΪϷ˹Ĵ
Ӵ˺ֳۣðװֵģЩ˾ԵԽ
ۣ̫еҩֻСغȰš
߸հѺϵ˶ҩͻȻһŭȣң
һ£е찡һҶ´ʱ˻¾ڻ˭
ռһС
˲ôѣ˶˳ȥֻУһһָаӵȶѵſڡ
ҲȻ֪µүүǲҶ֣ػó¾ڡܼԼʮ˽ȥ
ӭ˳
¾ڿ󣺡أ
߾ųߣӢȴɷˣһѳʱҪѪĵһӲͷƤүҩͷԻѾ˯ˣкιɣ
¾ѾܼľٶвµҪִ󣬱չ΢ΣȴһԹԲѷҷ֮ҪЩȥͷ
һ㶼⻰٣£
Ϻ£йȥѲµǶˣү
¾ڣ⽻͹ˣ
Цүϵùðȴǹ⣬οүʱѾ˷Ҫأүȥ԰ôҲ壬ȥðЦǻʼң
ǰ֪ݣ˱޴Ҳ޿ɺǣ֪ǷҪ򣬱оǹҳ֮ˡ
¾Ҳûٴһ٣ָӵӣǳķϣҲ֣Ұװ֮ޣҲ򲻿ܡȻТ˳Ǳ㸸ծӳӳһȭΣ
Ӵ󾪣ؿ¾ڵ֡
ǵڶǰŭӳ¾ڵҪ̫
¾Ц̫ǳȥʰգ̫̫
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ĸӣ
ǸްֻĿΥֻվóϿҵ̬¾ϣ¾Ҳȫ˾֮񣬲Ķ֡
ϧ¾ڴм˾ӵһףӸո˵꣬ͷأ¾ڵȭͷ˹
ֵһӾͱƷڵأ߸
⻹ǳ¾ڲֳôӣװ˿
ôĴˣðҲˣ¾ڴܼˣԭ·԰
һɽΧ۹һЩҲˣϵүȥ˵ϢôһͣûãͷβİǾͶ֪ԭί
Ϣ²ڶУ㣬ǰ԰̽
԰
ڴӻе֪ȫƻĳ¾ڣһ
ѣƹ磬ЦðҴôأܻóѡ
¾ڣ¶ŲߣϾͲһ֡
֪ԼûǺֻߵߣṴס֡
¾ڲΪͷҲƫһԡ
ߵ˯Ƶȥ
С󣬳Сʱĵܵܣû˭˾Ȼ顣
ƽʱƺֻҪͬʲôĳ¾ڣ֣ĳȥ
סۿų¾ھҪˣȵȣ
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²ھأ
¾ڻֲĻ׳棬ô֪ʲô
²ؾܵܵĲԣ룬ŹδԿαˣйΪ˽١
¾ڣ
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52 
Щˡ
һ, ǽǾһɽǱΪװŮһɽ·
Ϊ, û԰緹ǶȽ, Ҳп˵顣
ȳЩӰɣҲίԼǲǣ
ڴϵĹơСغȰ
û, һжڰļƻ, ʲô, ֻǶ, Ȼ֪Ǹʲô⣬Զаª, Ǻ޲õͰ˷䵽߽ȥ, ⱲӶҪٿڶۡ
ܶʱ¾ڿҲ͸ż, һ֪ڵʲôɳ¾ڳӢ, ĿҲûô¶, ˵ĸоȫһ
뵽ڸĳ¾ڣûθˡ
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Ѿ¾ˣȻҪɣбԺ˯ƵҲǰա
ˡ
ԺȻ
΢ߵѾߵ˵ҷˣѾ˯¡
˵꣬΢΢ƣ¡
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ڴμſײү
һ£ѹˣѾЪ£Ҫ𣿡
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֪²ûзȷȷʵʵԼվһһƫƧطһȥִֶ࣬ˣпܳ嶯֮ռҪܼҸطʬԼժĸɸɾ
˲ðգǸģϾ޷Ĵ֮ˣ˶áˡʵǷ˵Ĵ
Ǳ˳߻ˣڻʹԲ˵˳¼Ҳ˶Ϊ˶ɵݣʩ
¾β
ŲأһҲģŲǲ˯ˡ
ֻ֪
ܿ죬¾ߣĵҪĲ΢΢ĺ¾ںһЦţžһϡ

ðľٶϴʹУѻˣҲװװ˯ڴϣаƵָĹĵָų¾ôĵӣ
ȻҴĸûд
һ̫ˣݵԽԽ޷죬
¾Ц۴Сֻ㣬һأǵ

ʲôʱˣˣ
ע⵽¾ڵظ֪ҪػǿǺ죬˵ɴˣ㲻˵Ҫ˯Ƶʲô
¾ڣǽڲ硣
Ҳ㣬ȥ
Ĺ㣬վڴϣȳ¾ڸ߳һͷԽָʹ
¾ֻǵһЦң˭ߵ
һһˣ۵ףȴزˡ
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¾Ȼֻ۾ˣñڼ¶һĨ弡ζ
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û˵꣬¾ͻȻһ΢Ĵֱӡǡ
Цűסͷ
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ǰס컪ҪԸȻûԤġ
¾ڣ
ŵϣڴߡ
ǺһƣſıϣˣſҸ㴷ܸ˰ɣ
¾Ȣٶ죬һС⡣
¾ڻѵÿһأȻҲ᲻ôᣬؿһۣǿǿſϡ
Ų࣬װģ£һּڴߵһֻ˯Ьٿ¾һۣҧҧʹȫ¾ڵƨһ£
˯ЬƤףһ㣬ãֹۡ
žһ£ȳ¾ڸոմˣ
ͻȻĳ¾ڣ
ˣ¾ŵؿ°͵ǵһζҶ֣Գͷ㣬ȥˣ´Σȥӡ
¾͵ץסһһѹϣٸǲǣбھͽǽҲһٱӡ
ٴԣҴҾ͸ҽУ
¾ڣҲдһûã㵹ãЬ׶Ҫ˰ɣıɱ׷ǲǣ
ҹ˼ŪˣǾͽд򡣡
¾ڶ˶٣ЭˣУҴ㣬ҲԡҸࡣ

ĺæסĸ첲
¾ڿ
Ϊ˺ܾãģһ˫粨ʪҶˡ
¾ڻܶ

Ҫȥͷֻװ׾ĽŴϥϡ
¾ٰСڴ˯Ь
ľ㣬϶ǷҪչʱ򣬳¾֮Ȼ·͸öǰŹ𱰲Ųòͷ
ױ̨ǰ¾ھڴߣĵؿ
ǸֲɵӣԼȥðա
¾ڣԣ²Ϊ
ͬˣ⣬΢Щίûڲյǰ°⵹İ취ҲҪԼһء
ƩϱӣΪͬΪ׵ԭؾŸ˹״淪ľʱ
֪ܲԭؾҪʱ
ͺˣһ÷
ȥʱǱΣֱʱл
¾ڼᡣ
ĵôˡ
԰Ƕ񶾣׶Ҳûá
¾ڣЩҪδã
ôãҾ͸дţʱ˴һ͵ǡ
¾ڿʮؾ·ϱȻĿʱȫµİնҪ֪㱻Ϸˡ£ϲͼӴף½Ƕûܴ㱻С֣Ͳ𣿡
ЦҥֹߣҽҲ֪װףЩҪǲģҾʲôҲܱߵ̫ࡢ岻ֺαؼƽϡ
ⶫԽ⣬ԽױʲôТ£һȦһȦؽ˲
ͨŮƵû취ֻܱ׹ۣǹ
ǻʵ۵İŮǻʵһĸͬ׽㣬˵ûѧĸǰɫг裬˽ɸӣֻҪ⣬ЩӰԣӰȣ
أ𣿡
²룬ڶĳ¾ڡ
¾ЦЦٵȻϣľͲ˵ˡ

ôǻñ
ѵϱʱ򣬿ڹĸǱ߹ˣ
.

ҩСرܿ˿һŤƲڴϡ
ǵү£᲻ϸ״
üͷһ壬漴ַ㱻˵Ϸˣֵ½֪
״˳Ϊ˷ỵ˻״кãװþ˳
ͷ
ɷϧֻԼӡ


53 
ù緹, ȥ鷿дڶ״š
ȥ֪Ÿ²ڽ
, ȴ»ĸ״С˰ж԰Ķ
СǼ԰⹫ȥ, µ²һţһҴܻŶ
һˣϡ
ŰҲܾ̣ĸ, ҪЩѺ;𣿡
, Ѿͨĸ״, ҪѸ¸ײ, Ҫ븸ݰ
ϵ̫϶ȥԴ˵ɷ
֪, ˶˲, ߴ, ΪҸ£Ҫȥ԰
̫ˣѾһٱ, Ҳ˳¾һȭ, Ѿͷôݵģ
ֱп࣬סִ˵ùֻ
һڼĵ԰, ò׵˵ط, ȴ԰ڵＷֵİ, ȥ޿κ, ˶, ǰ·̵Ųš
չ黹һ󻳴дʮһͷˡ
ţ⹫
ֻüһӰӵ
ǰͲùŹס·ţͷһƣɵŸʲô߽ңϽȥſסǣʲô취·ҲҪס
ֻȥ׷ˡ
԰ǰţ԰ȥͨⶼǡ
˰ʱߵĸྪŻŵػˣڷǰүˣס⹫ڳ²ǹȥ⹫˽үҲһ˳ǣ
һ۾ףϵ
һǱˣܵˣڵء
λԭݳʱȴ˫˫԰ⶪ˴
գȨ˲ĳ޾͹ȥˣܶԸǵ˼ȻȻػ
ǣó²Ǳֱַ߰ȥ㣬šץ״һϢѸڳڳ⴫½а԰ݳԩ顣
ͼڳſڡ԰ǰҵӿЩգܼҲǲˣ͸Ҽץ
ϱӳ͢Ѽʮ״һΣ̶ʮգ͸ǰԩİգʮ״лԲͬһİӣƩǿռŮ޵ģʮңǲ̵ģЩѡ̵Ŀ֪ж٣
״гվӼǣձɵִ
¶ʮţǡ
ɫ΢˳ڴϣЦݻʺΣμˣдŸǱϲ
ݻʺ룬εǷģ滳ˣ϶ҲҪôԶҿɲġ
˳۵Ȼ֪ŮΣգͷ˵öԣǵǻٻɡ
ڿҪҪдŸŮˣŮעơ
ЩСͷ˳𴲸£Щ緹ϳȥˡ
£һλͻȻ˵⡣
ʱŵģǳ˴¡
˳
ǹڣȻڴ룬ϣߵĴ̫عʱ棬˵йҪʵݻϡУҲˣһڵ⡣
ӣ󳼼һЩۡ
گ뿪أϮٶľƣʵҲŮСǺ˵ŮŮҪ޵ģҲҪȰŮѡʵݻϣ׼˲ſɻ䡣
ö˶˵ģΣûкɣƾ뿪أˡ
˳ۣ
ǹæȥ
Ƕ壬ӻʲôԴ˳۵ǻûз׽
ûãӰڴſڣһ޳ȴ̫磬һλӰ˰ͷԲȦģȻˡòͲˣôλӻηηģĿʲôһ
ܲ
˶ʮ궼û뿪ݣͻȻͱץˣǹƥشܾ˳۵ŭ
ûϾ˳۵ӣӾҲܲסѹͨȥϣ΢
˳۶һԶֶȻҲûʲôֶ֣к
ӳʥˣڹĸҲͨͨǲˣֻܽͰ͵ص΢΢گ
˳һ߽ӹ̫մȡŮţһʣȻ֪ΪλҪ֪ʷ
ؿ
ػϣʮ壬΢ȥݳǽͻߵŭץ˵ʱðĶʮūѺͽɻϷ䡣Ѷͼū澵뿪ݳǣϧڵ·ūΣֻýһ·˾
Ⱥ֮ˡ
˳ɫܲ˵ţΪӦˣû뵽ŮûϲѶ˴ί
ŷ⣬Ȼͷ֣󷽲˵̫ίԭŮΧһȦһ˰յ湫ȻϷŮҲ㹻ʲô
ءһ˳۽ϣ߶ϯʹӣ״ԵϷ¿ɷʵ
Ӷͷأɪɪϣǹģʱ΢Σϵ
˳ۣǲͨŮͿԵϷˣﻹû
ȫðֻӲͷƤӿţػϣѾ֪ˣҲ˹ı޷΢΢Ҳһȭ
˳Цڹ״Ǹ˽̣
ӣ΢ң
˳ۣ޿ܸңĵϷֶŮίǲǣ޸㣬ԶȻҲҪʮӣֻһȭģ
ŭȥ
ڴʱŹڵλֹˣ˫ָ߾һŹϣݷӼ
˳ŭù
ǹŵŵŵ˽վ̨׽ӹۻȥ˳ۡ
˳һŷϵ־֪ŮдģŮôίûӼֳ˺£
չŷ⣬Ǻһֽ
ӵڶſʼһֱĵʮţŮίʣŮղ֪רŽ˶ʮദ˽԰Ȧǿ°ȥĸˡŮʣҿǲݱŮȻŮҲЩӵĿŮһ־Ҳˣ
˳ԼǸɫģ֪ܲŮ䵽ʲô³
Щһֲһԩǵģ
óһֽ˳۽ʣµĶ
һ£Ͷ
ж񶾣
ǿռ°ŮѹյȳĶУŷаһʱҪͷȥؤͷƫߵʵһԽͷĺŰգ˼䲻ѰѰٺŴ£һвֻ¡
ô״һģİɷãҪ
Ϊ˹ʣҲΪŷ˳һýѶЩһڸټλ󳼣Ϊղǰݳ顣
ݻʺ֪£ھ˳ǰһʮǻһʲôã֪㱻۸ˣҾǰϵժҲû͡
˳۱޶̫ݣ缸͸÷ˣ
ʮһ̫ҲõϢȥگ˦ӺüӣϹ˹ۣҲ۸
ӣ
ʲôҲû


54 
״ʱ, Ҳûţͽ뿪ݵգټıʿ, ıʿҧĽݵ䣬дһеӡ
ΪϷ˻
Ƿӵȥ԰״, ۳ŻһӼϽֽıʿд˵ڶԼֱӣҲɵһЩС, Ʃ軧ռ˰յ, ٰЩ°ŮɱյĴһһ񶨡
, ֻȻ˰ա
˳ȴٷŹ
ױǷֲڱصһֻֻ˶, ռȫһɵĸأ⻹ǵǼڲ, ˽ռ˰ն, ֻԼ
ĸزý˰, ͬʱÿ껹ܴӳ͢õһʳٺ, ͢ڰǮ˰, Щ׶ˣ
˳ۺ޲ðзˣ˽乫
ܳ, , ЩС, ΪԵ׵ʴ, ̡
Ȼ, Ҫ쵽Ůˣ̣ǳ׽ʵ۵϶׽£ǲȣ
λղǰ˳ֻһ仰Ǳ¡
ղǿӱޣ³ŵִݳǣǵһ£ȥ԰ݼ
¾һɫȹѾߡͳܼԼʱ£ټλղ
ղԱ֪˾ȻϱǶλһǹĹʽʯҢһ빫̫Ը֣顣
幫Բ˵Ҳڰѹж˿Ʃǰ֣飬ϱҲͬҷʮֻǼû췴֮İˡ
ȷʵû췴١ԩ֮ԼʯҢҪıҲԩ
ףλղûֻһ
֣ӹһϻʯҢȡһʥּԻּ⡣
ϯּ
ʥּϾ˳Ҫ˵¡ǰŮίǰŮΪԩ֮ģ󣬾˳شŮһޣ񣬷ðŮкߣŮԱ֮Ƿ˳ϣŮ֤֮ԩĴΣջش˱ޡ
Ȼ˳۸Ůʹ⻹Ǳһδ´ޣʥ֮ʢ
ޡ͵ҲӦ˭ûȷʵһλϷˣñӴ
˳۾Ҫַʽ°գĹúãʵȫ֧֣
ߵлʶ䡣
ǳϲⱲӿܶòϼΡ
˫ֽӹʢŴ޵ĳϻѾߵĲվ
֣ɫأȻҪȥ鰸͸ˡ
ȥɣǾܱҪΪҸԩʲôҲҪΪǷаԩ
Ӣȱؽġ
ȥλղ
ԸܼȥǱƣ춯ʱ
ܼȥ
Žϻϣ򿪡
ǰҲеʹͳ޵ӣΪޣʵΪﵣһֳеݣʵҲз¾ڡܼǵӢж硣
ʿ϶ǿǵһ㣬͸ĴţƳɵƤޣװѣ޳Լ߳ߡ
˦˦˳֡
Цޣִӡ
䡣
ϲӣҲʲô밤ıӶܰġ
ɡ
.
ƻʱܼ˵ɳȥⶢ˰գûʲô쳣
ϱӿľڣʱղǻûִݳǣͰѡԩ֮߸ˣǰսԿɼ
Ⱳôأ
޷ǿ²˵ˣһһ͸Һԩֵ㲻Һҳǿңʮһȥ˾ǣˣʲôطܰ˼ƶ֪޿ɱ磬ˡ
ˡ췴һ£ܸ׷Ҳͳ׸ˡ
ܺá
ô࣬Ϊó¼и³ҲΪõܵʷ¸
񾡣أ߹롱Щɶͬ鹦ڸĴʡ
ڻܵôԴ¼ң˸ԼûκκôܵΪ˰еȨջصԼɹ˶ˣܵܵҲֵõܳǸŹһ֮ܵܿεĶ֮ţǻԹΪհһܵˣʩչֶΣЩȻȻܵܵĻαô˵ķʽѹһˣ
ϧǼĹ̩񰲣ǹĸĸģЩõܵʢ֧ĳĸĸﶼҪϳ޷̰·֬Ϊá
ûҰģҷҷֱСңĴҡ
ΨһͼǼҺˡ
¾ڿܷͼؿҡϣر۾صš
ͷϲһ۵ĵ֮ûбΡ
õϦ䣬ֻɫȹڡ
ʾ⳯ơ£¾ڻߵǰ
ĵĻ꽿۷󣬿͸۵棬ĵˡ
ҡԱаСӣѾ˵š
¾Сϣ첲ϥǣϰ΢΢ǰ㣬Ŀ𽥴üƶ
ʤѩƫ촽ƻʪġ
¾ƿߣҲ챻ĸ̵סȥǡ
˵ˣŮ˺ӼҲûм
۾ľǳ¾ԱߵӰԴɲ֪ʲô
ˣ
ҡλػţ˵
¾¿λղɽɻҲȥˡ
һ㶼⣺ǰ̣֪ǲʲôù٣һŮһɽһǷʳġ
¾ЦȲɽ壬ֻ˵ɻܲΪ־ͻǺˡ
һۣ˭˵òȡˣûȻƣûдշӻ¸㣿
¾ڣ㶼ˣǵĺ˻ƣΣ
ЦҾͳ㼸ӣøʽһޡ
¾ڲ֪£гñӳ
͹ģү˵ãʾؿӡ
ͷ
ȥȡ˴
¾һӲ߳ģʱЪֵ˼Ƭ̵ͷıްѣʻǺñޣ𣿡
⻹򵥣
ıҪϰ̫ˣ˦˦ǡ
¾ھͰҡ˳ñ˦
úõҴʲô
ܷţƯĶ᲻̣
¾üǾʹң
Цˣһűްѣһ˳űӣΧų¾תȦĥŴʡ
¾ڵƨһ¡
¾ڣôȥΪڸʲô
ĵˣߵԺһǣضŰĴˮһӡ
Ƥ޻ˮףѸٷ
ڱӴ򵽻֮ǰ¾ڼʱ߬ס
ؿų¾еıӡ
¾ڣ𣿡
򴽡
¾ûٳЦѱʼָδӡ
ζѧһӣȻ߸첲ˣҲЩ΢΢졣
ѧӾʹ˽ȥϴ÷
ҹ֮󣬻ԡֳ¾һ¿ϣӡ
ôַˣɻʣ֮ͨң֮ﶼҪúõؾҲû̫ˡ
¾ڿٴ˻ѱӷŻȥˡ
ֵֹġ
ӣ¾ڿ۽ӣߵʵʱ򣬱ӻܵá

ҧң
¾ȻǲңԺԸ˵


55 
Դλղݳ, ݳİǺҪǰƵģһһϡ
ղǽ֪ţĹ¡СˡѾ, ӲΪŰǵĿڹΪ֤, ټӻڽֻӲһһҹӵڶ쿪ʼڴ֤֤ѹ£ʲôˡ
ֻµ̫, ղһ׮һ׮ĺʵ, Ҳҹ
ʮ, ʯҢ֣֪߳, ԰ݼ
̶̼ղλ, ܷ, ֤ҹ󰸡
, ˵ɡ
СѾҲ˲ˮ
ʯҢ֣л, ʯҢȵ, ״ʮ״䵳ѾӼǵݳʻϲþ, һȥһ, ԼĪʮұ֪
ϲɫ, һϧ, 䵽ز, ĺ̡
ֱ֣Ȱѹ̰գʹһԹصΥ̫үַⷪѵҲ˻϶һƬ¡ڻնˣۻ𷣣Ӧá
ʯҢ֣˵öԣ빫ϧ壬ĪҪΪ˷š
̾Ҳգ޹ﻹףǵԸȫչˣֱʵִּ
λղͬʱϯֵȱʵס֮
ǳǳһЦǻݺúϢ
ղǳȥҲٶŹļӣѾǻܷ
ϲ󣺡ȻѾϿ϶Ĳڳ䶨ҲԺúõˡ
ȣ궼޷ǾЩζˡ
£޺ĵڶȥϳ̫̫ᣬָյϲãǴλϾǷܹȥˣǿҪ¡Щ
ҡҡͷɣϾ壬ȫȴּ⣬ȴظ裬ֻ֮⣬ô룬Ҳ˿ࡣ
ѵҪܹȥ
ҲûڴʲôȻҲʧֻС£Ҫˣ͢һֻ棬һ£㹻һꡣ
ơȴ湫ƽδʱϡﶼҪһϲ죬һ
¾ڻܷסʣ֪պʲôӣ
¾ڲ֪ǹ֡
ȥ֮ǰĸרŰйȥһ֬壬Բֳöһһ롣
ĸ˵ĸޣûøͷӷˣŵұأŴӶϱ
ֻǶö࣬һݴұ֣ĸָıԼˡ
û뵽СӸȢ˸ϱʲôûʲôԳ⣬ɴͰѴұ͸Ϊһε͸ʾ֣ء
Ȼĸ׶ˣ¾Ҳ벻Զõȥʮ˵ϣ
أ֦ҶĹһ㶼ϡҲǲֳܷۣлѾս
꣬µ׵ǴգΪ£ǷԼɩûлլ˼գĸ׾ȻһѾ߹ΪľҪˣǰԤ
⾿ȢϱĸȢϱ
ʱԳµʣ¾˼Ƭ̣ˡ
¶ЦүȻǵùͻǸ
죬ʲô뷨ȥ깫ûܺúôһˣֻ԰ء
¾ڣǸˣҴһҲ֪ϲãźôˣ¾ͽǰɣҪϵĵطǰҡ
£ôУڹ׵ˣ±⣬ǳﱸٺãֻǿûʲôɸ˵ġ
¾ڣ
ﶼûҪʲôĥôΪ
¾ںܾ뵽ȥյִ¼լʱݰͰͰԹԹĿֻͬˡ
˴§ŻʣǲǸˣ
üǸģ
¾ڣͲԼǵģ
У͵ǵãʱԣǲҪϹڣҲûϷ
¾Ϸųˣʱ԰ϷǻǻΪǷ޶ùƵġ
ǰôģ¾ʣϣܵõЩ顣
룬Ǹĸ˳ģ뾩ǹŮǽμĵ磬ҹٰһƻᣬǽϷżϷһ깬һʱ̻
¾ڣֲôԭġ
ݺšһ¡
¾ڣҾٰ죬Ҳûôӣѧɽȥ̰ȻٱͷӴɲзϣǱס
Ҳûٰ찡㲻Ҫ塣
¾ڣҪҪ
бһۣô㲻ͣ
ȥôһΪ¾ҪǸҲƵɿأ
Բճ¾ڵ񣬿Բϲ¾Լͣȫһˡ
¾ڷʵɼǵȥʲô
һ
ȥ¶ʮҹģʮ˵£൱ϱӣڸ߰ꡣ
Ż䡣
¾ںȻһЦִɵһԵʲôãϡ
һЦܱǵģֻ˵͵ﲢδģϡ档
¾ڣȻһӵܣȫ˽Ǯͼӣʲôϡ䱦
ϲҹĳ¡
¾أš
ǻϢգѵϨˡ
ŵƴҴҶ룺ôˣҪ𣿡
ϰɣٰȥҵҳҪ
룬Եȣȥⷿ
ʱʹʮȥ˼ΣЩƽʱòϵģͶŵⷿȥˡ
뿪󣬳¾ڷһЦҵӣҿûôԶ
ˣ
¾ڣլʱŶ᷿Ǳԡ뿴ʱʱܷᵽߺҷƵ鷿ˣҼÿҲá
ѵӦģ֮£ֻ͹ʣҲֻҳѧŮʱ͹Ρ
²ڡТڵī䵽оɼֵٽȥǧҲһ
¾ڣ
˵ŲŲҪ§ػ
Ŀ֡
¾֪ͷϣûٶ
һң»ˣϵƣᣵİβȻ֪ҪΰϻͽȥϾء
ʱ˳¾һţȥá
¾վ£ȥϻӡ
µͷˡ
¾ڰϻӵݵǰ򿪡
һö֬塣
ͬ֬ҲƷ¾ڵöƷܸӡŹ֡
֮ǰ¾ڽ͵ĸĸ׵ޣС˼ңǶѾǱˣҴԢ⡣
˵꣬ȡ壬ʩɾ˳ֳöŻֻ룬һһĸԢ⻹˵𣿡

ŮĶͱһһĸˡ
ƶ㵱ʱ϶û˵Щ
¾ڣյ壬һ۾ͶѾˣôڣ
ҲҵҲ˴㡣
¾޷壬̧ͷٴ̽ؿʱȷʵңôͻȻˣ
ǵú仯һȻżζϡ
ôãڴ˿̰ƣ۵Ҳ㣬Լ𡣡
¾ڣƭ˭أҵʱҿһ۶ð΢㣬㶼
һ˹
¾ЦͶͱ˳ƽѹϡ
˵ˣ걣֤һ񡣡


56 
󲻳¾ʲô
û, ҲȲȥСʱǳרΪŵ̻ģˣֻʣ¶µļ䡣
, ¾ǸϰĴˣž޵ʫʡֻ, Ҳ벻ʲôűµĵӡ
գóľǲһݲɳ¾ףԻñӳ
ˮȥ, ת۾͵ʮ, ǰһա
, ¾ڳȥǰ, Իָ볤档

Ȼ뵽, Ҳֺü, ¾һ, Ҳһӡ
ơҲүʧ, ˵ү˳滹ϲ, ҲûԸԤ
ƻ裬¾ڻظ󣬻ѹȻֱ
, ๤
ܳķ빫ԼС̫Ƕ¾ڸϳȥ, ĳھǷ, һ, һѾ߽ҡΰſ, ؿš
ϦӴ¾ڰӢĲ۽ޣרע棬
룬Ƥң˼ڶϣ˵״Ԫɣø̽Ҳû⡣
ʱ򣬳¾һѲ˵Ҳʹÿ涼ǲҶϸ
ȷʵϲϸ棬ǲ֪ǹ۲ģǹ⳯԰ڵ
ȳ¾ҪˣմȾ̣ҡ
ĻѹһкãʣµľͿˡ
һӺ󣬳¾ڶһݣϰðĳ棬ţƬȡ㹽ñԵ΢΢Ƶĺɰ
ָǶһݡ
ߣ곤ɫ࣬Գ¾ڵ
¾ڴԲѣأҷޣԺҪһʮ꣬α궼ŪЩġ
Ѿ뵽Ҫʲôˣ棬һī顰µһ
¾ڵĳջǺܲģϸ־¾ڸʢķҲոպá
¿ӣڡ
ʱɫҲ
⣬˵ǶûڴڹʱְǴǰһͿʼ׼ģҪô䵭ؽˣ⻹¶һ˿Ȼ
¾ںȻʣȥһɽȹ𣿡
Σ
¾ڣȻǣ̫󲻷㡣
糣ȴ۾һȼʣȥģ
¾ڣȻ֪Ͻǽ磬ˣŸùˡ
ȥݵš
¾ڳǰĵصŮͷɣҿɲһз֮ҹ˽ᡣ

ȥûãơ½ˡ
ûаһξϹһԤϸȹ׷ɫѾСѾߣΣѡһɫױӣɫȹ
ѣƷͷϲ̵صݾϲصùģǶûдк
˵̫磬δǾϲ
ЦܣʱƤ밤ıء
˵Ц䣬ϸϸ﹫һСɾµķĵ
ӰСұ񡣡
һǰ棬ԭСұȻǡ
ҴѾߵЦԵ٩¾ڷ²룬Ŀ䵽ϡ
ֵһ͵ĽŲˣǰ΢΢˳
¾ڿĵݣﻹǸмͷӵġ
ûͷĵȷʵȢĹ
߰ɣǱ߱
¾
Ԥñ𣿡
¾ڣš
ĵظߡ
˶ţ¾ڶѾߵ˵ţӦ䡣
ơ¶ǵؿӣô󣬻ûеҹһʲôΣգа㹻
ϻų¾ڵģֻܿ԰ӡ
ʱҽַ׼ϢˣһӰҲû¾ڽԼ
ڳڣ͸쿴氲ڵĽоЩʮʡ
¾һ·ͨ˳ǰϾҪسˣʱ˽سüĸϸǣ¾سǶˣүʶûʣֱӷУĻװ׽һء
ڻЩƹ⣬ֻһȥޱ߼ʵĺڰ
Ĳʣټϳ¾ڵϵЩ죬òȳᣬСʣ㵽Ҫȥģ
¾ЦȥǮ²£
ٺ˵һȥˡ
¾ڣԼ߻ȥҲ±»Ұ

ʲôϲŻ࣡
ƽʱû˸ùŻҲǴ˿̲֪ЩģΨһµǴΣҲǸ˳¾ˣ
ǰ¾Խ˵Խţֻߴλεй
ʵܲˣǰ򿪡
ǰյҡҡλεķŹҲǰʮĵط
ˣ¾ڻͷʡ

¾ЦԼȡ
ԥһ˹ȥ
ʵŮ涼һЩˣɼܲס¾߾ųߣֽ˶ǿ׳һñӣһ§ס§һӡ
·ˣ
¾ڵͷķ㣬Ҳһʧ֣㶪ȥ
ˤңҽ˰ӳȥ
¾ЦǸң᲻ðˡ
վ˵˾˻ˤ˹ͷһ꣬˭˯ȥ

г¾ڣ죬ʲô»Ұ׵Ժˣһ죬һץšּ䣬·˲֪ٸ䣬ȻһƬҰ֮һΰɽӰӣұһƬӳǹԺˮ
¾ڷ٣͵ɽзɽг
羰Ͽ˵ġ
¾ڣȻҲϵĺá
һͣڰϣˮ߾Ȼͣһδ
ͷ̽һӰ̽
¾Ӧȷӣæȥһյ´ӭǡ
ԤĶδ棬¾ڽ󣬱Ż˴
δдΣյͭƵƹӳԳܰ
¾ڽŵϣҰѴȥ
ͷ
¾ڳȥˣܿ죬һ𣬻سǰȥ
شܣϰһײߣһʳС
Ŷ޾ߣӦöµģҲǽ¾ڹҹ֮
ߵϴǰոµͭװ˰ˮ
ʪӣ˲·Ͽ϶Щҳ
򵥵ʰ󣬻߳ա
βһյƣ¾޳Ӱվһԣسݡ
ѮݣЩˣϸոպãҲ޷磬õܺ
ΧһƬľֻϸˮ
һǰ̺õĵձϣһϵǣһԶĺˮ
԰ҲкΪηҪܵʡ
¾ڣȻΪ԰¡
ܾ⻰Щζָ˯԰˯ġ
һĺģ¾ڷ´êǣŻȥ˴ͷ
ŷ֣ͷȻ˼ӣװĶ̻
ݳõ̻ʹûȣѾе˽ǮҲҾˡ
¾óһ̻Ի
Цˡ
¾ڻԤһΡ
ͿȥǺñ̺յؿ¾Ϊ̻
ʹ̻翴ˣˮϵ̻ǵһΡ
ֻг¾һ˶ֻ֣̻һһҹÿһ䶼ҹжһݵ財
¾ڷ˶ãͿ˶ãΪţҲ۵ӡ
һ꣬ƤҲҪ̧ˡ
¾ڽشһ§Ż˯һְ¡
Ѻ󣬻Ҫ˯ˡ
¾ʣϲ𣿡

¾ھĶ˯ɣ컹иõġ


57 
ʱڻûó, ΢ƣ沨Ƶ, û˯һþ
¾ŪʱִﻹһƬ, ԱߵĴᣣҲǺڵġ
Ż
ɱĳ¾ڣȻһͷԱ׼ɻţ
뵽̻ȥˡ
ֱ¾Ĵű
Ǹ, ôϲ, Ȼ, »ҲС
ˣ
¾Ҳû׷, ֻա
һ£ԤǸˣ
¾ڣ˯ǰϵ, ܲø
ˡ
ȴ¾ڼʱ, ¾ھƿ˵, һߴһߵȻˣǾ, 򵥳Ե㶫, Ҵȥɽ

űһҪԼȥ컹ţҿûǷˡ
¾ڲְִЦ⹫, ̰ɫ, ûڽ壿
ץͷǱ߶
¾һץס, ٽס׹ı, ȷûпӵĶ, ŵˣʵǷɽɽиֻʱȥܿӣø
ûأϡ
¾ڣϡһԺҲ֪ûĻᡣ
Ĭ
Ϊ֪ϱˣⱲó¾ô˵
¾ڰĳĬԸϣ±ӣ㿪ĵơ
ٳҵɢţѩ׵Ĳӳһź䱻ĵǱҲʡ
¾ڱ˵ڴյŰϣһĲһߵҪȥˣҲ̰ɫ
ҧ¼򣬸ոձ٩㳹׹ȥˡ
¾ڶ죬ϴϣȥŴ
ױ̨ǳªһֻͭһӣڴĳ룬澹ȻиСϻӣϻһĵ
ǳ϶յΡ
¾ڰѻ̻ϵʣ֧
СұĴ磬Ҳơ
˹ͷƽʱѾźǱֱˣȳ¾ڽߣǿǿ⡣
洫¾븻˵˻¾һʳнƬ࣬ݰӡ
¾ڰں꣬ʱͷϿ˺üۡ
ʲôʱˣоԼѾܾˣô滹ġ
¾ڵаɣͷƽʱ糯𡣡

ԭҪ糯춼ôࡣ
¾ڣԣʱͿˡ
ڱ˺棬ɽϵıѲɻзˣ
ֻ̫ˣȫûʳڳ¾ڵļߴ²ǿǿһӣ˼ࡣ
꣬¾һǣһƣ̤Ӵͷ밶ߵĳľ˰
ﵽɽŻҪһϳ󣬳¾ԶԸ󣺡ϵĶʰʳУĶҪһ飬ж뿪ʱĲһұȥ㡣
ͷﰵֹҪֻڴβ̺úòүɴʳҲʰã
ϣ¾ڸϳˡ
ڳһСͱ¾ڷӭһ߸ߵɽںڰɫз·һ׳ľޡ
¾ŵȸһұ㡣
ɽ·ھˡ
¾ڣ
תȥϥ
Цſϣӹ
¾ڲ˵ɽ·ȥ
ϲ¾ڱţϱԳ¾ڽеļκøУһξԴڱбܺʱ
Ҳܽɵĳ¾ڣرģ·̲޾·Զ֪ƣ롣
ɽʯ¼լСɽ¸߶ˣ¾ɽʱĺȻû̫仯ٶ
ЩļԼ߰ɡ
¾ڣá
ţԼҲ²ȥֻü
쵽ɽʱɫ΢΢ˣͷð˺
ٶ
¾ڣûԶˣɴ㱳Ժ㱧Թ
һ£ȻӣͷޱߵĺһŲض
ɽ¾ڽһܵӵĴʯͷһţӣƵһߴȥˡ
ıӰ룬Ժôһ¾ڴҲԸź
ó¾ڻûǰҵع۲һȦֻеɽܿıĶ
¾ڴˣˮཹཹ˺üڡ
𣿡
߹ڻߡ
½ʪһ֪ǷųĺǲСˮ
ССڵغЩˮʣأ
¾ۣٵȵȡ
ʾ̫ԣӣ¼ĵ桢ľͼֱۼ
Ȼ¾ڽϣסĺԡ
˳̧ͷǰ
ɽǳˮֹ̲ӡ
һɫƣʱ˿̣һֻƵĺһ㴩Ʋ㣬¶
õĺϼߣҲӳ˺棬ϼˮһֱӵɽš
УҲһĻճ׳ռݡ
¾ֻǱ˶ŵܷ
⣬ճѣʲôϡ档
¾ڣ͵Ŀɲճ
⣺ʲô
¾ڱһֻ˵㲻㱦

˵Ǳ
˺ߣÿ֣Զճ
Զ˼ݶƮƴ̣¾±ɽ
ԭ·شϣ
¾ڼĻ
ʪӣڴſڵСϲһͺһʲôκ
¾ڿһۣʣô磬ò
￴Ŀɲǡ
ŰϣסԼȻ̵
»صģ¾ڷ´ê˴ա
ͷһͷȥֻг¾ƼһĨɫȹڡ
¾Ц£ֱĽŲĴ
߿ͼ¾ѡ
һۣ
ﱸˮͰ¾һͰŵߣʪӣһ߲һ˵Ҫкκöġ
˭˵һȥ
¾ڣ㲻Ҿͳȥץ㣬ô㲻ǰ׷㻰ӿˣҲҪһǿռСϷ
ס䡣
¾ڹϴûãˮʧˡ
ؿȥ
¾ڹȻۣӴͷ߿˳
٣ûæܵβߵĲǰ˽ȥ
¾ڹƵڴһȦٽʱûܣ˱ѣһ˫Ьɢڵذϣһֻż⳯ϣһֻЬ׳ϡ
ϵĺҪһЩҵػζţ˾ơ
¾ߣı˹ýıţ㲻ͣ
ﴫƵĳ𣺡죡
¾ڲ˵ץסʹһ
ǵסͽ͵£Ѿ¾׵ϣֻʣ档
ݵĶӺ󣬳¾ڽ̵խСϣΪΪ


58 
, ڶȥ鷿гơ°϶ڳϸϸĥҪ
, һĥʯһߺʣ, ү״ȥˣô˹ˣ
ɫרעĥſȸʯϸϸɫĩһѻЦ⻹ôһɽˮ, ϶Ĵɽʤˮ
˵Ц, ֽ̿, Źճɽ֡
׼йȥ, Ъ˰ʱ鷿
÷ǳ, һҲŻ˷ɽһǡ
ƿ, ѵˡ
, ˱ʣ֮ǰ, ó¾ڿ, ֿû˵Щġ
ϴ֣оеᣬſ, ó°
ȥڳһķ, µ־, 紷ĲҪʤƼ֡
¾Ƶԡºܷ
, æµһ, Ĺٷ֪ˮʪڸ˼ءճ׵ǻ¾ڻڷСƵģ¾ҲֵðԼʰɾЩֱ§§Ȱһ
ݣͼ´Ӵμ˳ƼС鷿ϰˣҲŸһ򣬹Ȼ˯ˡ
¾ףȥˡ
ϣſŵƣֻ첲浱ͷ
ͷ泯ѹཱུģԳֺ
˯˼ȲҲһ˯ˡ
Ȼү׹ŮһƤҵ˯ʲôÿ
¾Ьһͷ齣һ࣬Ҳ
վȺķҲȷʵ˽ǣոճô֪˯ˣֻǱϾ֪ȻˣһС󣬻
Ϧμ밵
żǡôֻǳ£ʣû𣿡
ˣ㻹еڶ

㵵ƫͷ
¾ڽ˱ָѹ΢ۼİ
ųĽëƺΪմϵķݶŤ¾ڻ㱼ҲصһλʱܶҪȥĴϡˮʵûôģһƽʱҲˣֻŵòУԽžԽҪ
¾ڸסƵĴ
۾㲻ֲĴδζֻȥĶ䣬ָĲ֡
˵ˣĻû
¾ļ
棺ԷȥɣҶˡ
ǳճ췢һᡣ
¾Ц£齱ߣȥЬ
ڵϵӰٿĴߵ齱ߣһһɵð
ȥլɥ¾ڽɽʱЩֲƵĻӻѵǴ֮ãʱȴոպãҲû֪ʲô
ӶģƩŮҪ£ȻҲдҹͬҲһ仰ȥȾ¾һٵ鶪š
ȻһΣһ￴һĶǿռĹ£̶ҳȻһŲͼ
ͼС齣վ
ͼ֪֪ӵģȴĪһ˿ġ
֮ڳ¾ڻԴǵسһ١
¾ڵ濴Ǹ£治ɫ治֪ƹ˵ⱾңҷǰûУʹˡ
ȥˣ¾Ҳˡ
뵽ǵôջϣ
Ѿ⣬Ժ󶼲ݳ¾ЩĻ޷ޣ͸ùؾصڱ
ЬӣûɫĮȥ˴μ䡣
¾Ƴ͸ĶЦ
Ϊͷ¾ڶܷùҲԾˡ
Ъº󣬳ơ¾һСֹ
ˣ
ŲߵʱǺŵģǰȸѵʱҪס
ҶˣռǹʲôˣԸ췣ء
.
¶ʮ磬ķգڻɽա
ɫɽϵˮء˼Ҷ·һ㱡ֻһֺճֻбϼһƬˮѤöʡ
ơһһҵվߣöҪˡ
͹ⳡճɣô侳϶׳ۡ
û뵽ƴһ׵񡣡
Ŀ⣬䵽˻пƲ۵ķɽɽò˵¾ڴľֹжˣɽǾ䡰һֻжϲ
ǰǸ彫Ӣǿ׳ַ棬Ǿ˻Ŀȱˡ
֪¾ѧɣŽѵõһηŻԺ¾ˣƾһЩá
ȥ󣬽˺úװ
ǡ
Сؾ𻭣ȥǰԺ
󿴵ͬµȥ
ͻͬʱ󰵰ͷȻܹƾ֮ԵͶ϶һ˵뵽㲻һˡ
¾ڹЦų
¾ڶ࿴ۣƽʱǰЦģӵģֻǽƺЦøЩ
ܷͷֳơҲƵЦͶ񣬴Ե֮⡣
¾֣ʻʲôˣЩˣմƺҪһ֡
Ƴһۣܵæ񣬾ְǾ˰ɡ
¾סƵģƺҲЩ
ٽеһ㡣ԲԵ
¾ֻһסҹ룬ЩģҸҹҹ㡭
һӡ
úõһôͶһ죡
.
磬ˣʱһֱ¾ڵϥǲ
޵ҧгݣʹģվҲôԽˡ
Ȼͷһðͱϣ׵˾⡣
ơ½̴ʱɱע⵽ȻôŪģµ빫йأʶȤûʡ
Ȼ緹ˣϵּ⵽ˣΪ飬ȫΪ˷߽˽ǿռյլҪ˻գȫ⡣ղʱץˣ˵ǰֶΧ۵İռˡ
Աأ
Ȼˣ֮ǰιԱǱΪߣгͷιԱУɽɻ̰۽٣ǿռҲֻ࣬ϮĹְΪСϻ¬Ϊָʹְ䣬ȱ󶨡
ͷ¾̸۹⼸ˣɽòȻʵֺ̰ݣʿΪū۶ɥɽٶЩʿļաɻ̰ɫûһ㳤๼汾£Ҳ˷˵Ĺ֮ͣɽĻΪر谮ɽǸã˵Ķ񱣳ԹۣԼʲô¡
ڳ¾ڣһүҪؾˣûҪڵط١
Ǳߵĳҳһ죬ǿ֣Ȼһܵ԰£мǳ˱صĴԣߺǧꡣ
¾ͱЩն棬òƵȥǱߡ
Щɣݵİ˵ǹ·ˣ
¾бһۣŮŮʲô
ǳˣҲ£ŮͲһˣԵϱ


59 
ﳭĽ鱦޳Сֻϵľϵȵ, ټľ˽ЩԺۻӣǧ֮ޡ
һұѺͳǵʱ, һİաе͡Ҫв, ӳҶӶܰ
÷䵽ֵزƺܲңǷûи˳һڴѪµЩ, һٸԴܱ⡣
⼸, ݳǵĽͷβ̸۵Ķ, ǳһڶ, ټ϶罫ھֿȹա
ƻʱ, һСδм, Ӻϻƶš
غɫɫ۴α, ʱ䣬¥֡
񴬼һҲ¥ʱ, ¥Ȼһϸɤӵŭ߳ˣס, Ҵ򣡡
ڣ仰Ϥʶؿɴ, ߵĲȥ
¾ڼ, ʾĸͣ, ߿˿
ǲ治, Ϊܻ, ںӱ߳һӡʱۼһµİգ͸Ӱ֮ķ϶Ƽһʮİ˵һӣһüɫŴ˵ĶһΩΩФģŮ˵ȺˣıӵȻϷǹ

¾ڶ棬۲ɫҽ˰˵ץѵһ١
ҡҡͷĿǰģ˵ȻһЩȴҲûðĵط
˵ΣȻֽүĹϵүáӢǷǱá
һԲʵɫߴٵ߰ɣûʲôġ
¾ڣҰ
ȥһߵĺӰ
˵ϢˣȲļսζ
дڽүسǣȷʵӢ信ʣ߰˳ߣϱˣ
ǵȻүǳòÿܱѡΪŮ
ɣĳԸΪǰԩ˵үҲľ˺ܶʵ£ôү빫һԶء
仰Ʈգͼ¾ﶼЦþͲӴˡ
⼸ˣĪǰźõģɵʡ
¾ЦУҲýǿңǷһԶ

Ǹ̫޷ٳˣƤŻԽԽǲǣ
˻ûأ¾ֻã
.
µ׵ԶȻûлʯֱšռ٣¾ڡ²ڲŴŸԵӻ˳¼լ
͢Գӭӣһ񣺡ΪһйΪʺʵݰ֮
һѣɫϿңޣֻǽԩʵݸ֪ˣ򲻸Ҿӹ
Ⱳȷʵݵİգûϱӹǵ״ӣҲ޴֪ĶݰյĿࡣͨԱҪôҵ﷪Ҫôû˵ʳͷΨйͦȻʱɹ⵹ȴҲΪ˾ٱ͢㣬һ
ݰҪлҪл
ղǰ˵Щ滰Թ˵䣬Ƿθ֮ԡ
¾Ͽ塣
ϡ棬˴£ȴҪѹøͷӡ
ܵ͢˹ֿǫ顣
һھŵĹǧһݷɥԹӣʷĹͣҲӵݣּʥ˰Ʒ£ж̫ӱȻǹĪҲȻΪһ
¾ͷп˲ǳ϶˵ˣ״ԪɴҲûйִ
ˣлȥ˵ǲǣ
¾ͻȻڣ˸빫ϧ
͢Ϲһ飬໰Ѿ¶
¾ϰΪˣ۸չһЦףҪ˵ְͣ󰵰ռɽ˵֤鰸ղʡ˲ٹ򣬲ȻⰸӿܻҪٶൢһʱա
͢ݵɻ϶Ϊ٣Щķ֮£ҳݡ

ӲЦͦȵģǿȥɡ
СƬ̣Զķ޶ҪԺ·ȥˡ
²ڡТڷ߶Χ˺ӣԵû¾ر𰲾
صú󣬻ų¾ڵɫ٩ôײϿ㣬ˣ
¾ڿһۣǷ֮£ȷʵֵһᣬΪС¿ңһҪͷǲǴ߳ˡ
ʲô
¾ڲ˵ˡ
ơ¶´ˮ̷ϴ֡
ûЪþȥլǱ߳ԲˣҲû硣
ֱЪΣɵˣȴ¾ױ̨ǰͷȥվӡ
ױ̨󣬻ûһų׳ȼǣôô
̲סʣʲôأ
¾°ͣžʣͷĳףΣ

¾ģԽԽҲҪǰ
¾ƫͷֵؿһΪϲ
üʲôʱϲˣ
¾ڶ˶٣ͷ㲻ͦͣ
ԭѾˣ⻰͸ףһΪʹˣŽĳ׺ɷǣңκ˼˶޸׺÷ɡŶһѴӣǶʩЧ򭣬趼ϴ룬֪ݳʲô
˵˵ţķ
¾ڼˣЪ˼ߵҾ˵˵㲻ϲҲǣ
һؿڣ̧ͷĿת˼Ȧߵھһܿʮ֮ǰ롣
¾ڴ࣬ʣҪҵʮꣿ
ʮôˣֻҪҲϲʮҲӡ
¾Цʱ򻹲ӣںǰûϡ
˵¾ͻȻ˹ѹ˴ϡ
̫ףոջأô£
լá
͢˵껰ױ̨ǰһͨȻںڵĳһűС
͢ЦʣǶˣôã
ϵƳһۣҲˣҲһĲ
͢Ųһ٣վϴǰϴʱϸһ£ȷûӡ
Ȼˣʱ̽ˣ
ϣ㻹˭
͢ôˣ
ϣҶΪ̰˹ȴһɫ
͢ʲôأҡҡͷɽѵϴٵĺãҲǸɫΪҪ⣬ǳɼҵˣѵҪƵģ鶼Ҫһ٣
ϣ˵úСʱƵġ
͢ʲô䣬ԽԽӾ͸ϸϴ״Ԫ̽ǿġ
ϣ乫ʱôĨƵģ
͢һİӣһŵؿӣֿû⻰ȥɺͳ
ϣҵȻǸ˼֮һֺãҲۿ㡣
͢͵йһǫѷ֪Ҳۿ
ϣ


60 
ѽ, ǲصҲö顣
Թ緹һ֮͢뿪, ܵ¾ǰ۾, ȥߵСϪ
꣬ƤͣȥɥڼһЩȥ浱, 游ʱϲ鷿, ɱ㳣ȥϵĺϲȥСϪˣ, , ץСзģرĽ
¾ڿ۳Т, ʣ, ôȥ
ɲ˼˵ˣ
СӵĽ, ТڵĻͷҲ١
ڳ¾ߣɨТڵ°, ʮ, ТҪôǹ˼治㺢ȥ棬Ҫôǵı֪ѵǸۺӵĸ, ̽кʧ, ɴͰѶƸ¾, ¾ƽʱͲô, °ѵ⡣
̽, ˾ӣɾҲЩ˴ŵСơ
ȥТ״ӳ¾Ұζ
ȻͳТڵĿ棬Ҳϱ״Ԫɡ̽ɿٰѳ¾ڿöԱߵһ͡
ʱ¾ںȻ
û˼գգ۾ŲǰֺõصӦȥץòã
ף¾ھȻˡ
֪׸СȴûֱӾֶܾӣ˵ԼԸģǸ塣
ЦЦȥɡ
һͷԶ͵͵۲߽չˡɡ۾ˣ
ȴչҲ˹ֻдɣؿϽ游׵²ڡ
²ʱ㲻ϲȥץϺȻϣŮѧĴ
Ȼͬˣʱԣܻ˹档
̫á
ɺܸˡ
¾ڴĸӳˡ
ЩģҸȥš
ҲȥϪ͸͸Ӷס¼լûϸ͹ܱߵķ⣬Ψһһ泤ʱ䶺ǷˮֵʱĴ;
ƻɴһɡ
ྐྵȻҲҪȥͬԸѾȥ׼
СϰĽɫȻûǿԼѧǵɣҲûһµƲ˼
ȻлܴĹͣݳʱȥ԰ͣദʱˣڻǰŵԽԽܱȽڵദȻٰ൱ɸ߲ʵĺŮ
ɩһɡ
ʾ⳯լɡ
㵱ȻԸ⣬ߵɡ£ȻȻؽӹɡҲסֱۡ
תۼ䣬ྐྵˡ䵥Ǹ
׼һʱ䣬ټߵڿ¼լĴţȳ¾ֶ˿ӡ
ƹ¼ҵԺǽһתܿСϪԼѾվϪߵֶ
ֶ߾ȻվһҺ°ײȹŮӣЦݵ¾˵ʲôȻע⵽ˣŮɫһ䣬æϪˣ߳һξͣ½ŲںӱߵľѣͷҴȥ
ֹǴ˵
㵣ĵؿҲĪš
ǰ˰Ȼɫ㳯ǰȥ
ò˵ʯɽˮѹǵع
һտգһԶɽ֪ߵ˺ӱߡ
¾ڶڰߣΰﺢǾȣһֱϥ档
ֻƳһۣչֶǣ·Ҫ¡
Ѿ˿ȣĸ۾һתյߣ״ƵĵոǸҲϵˣǰһΣܹ廹ǲǵ
΢΢üô໰ӣѾ뵽һСŮ鷳Ҷϼ˵õĹӴȵԵϷ
͵͵Ůʹɫ⺢ӣƽʱܶµģôҪأ
ֵֻôش𣿡
һЦôشģ
ȵ˵ǵã
ɣҿ֤忴ûôˣ
ɵͷ
ĸһһܿͰǵ˼һĻ
¾ֻǰһԶֱӴЬӣҲûˮ
ɼУôȣ
㡢඼ףΪڣ¾¶Сȣʧˡ
ԿС壬ʵЩʱǺܽġ
ϪЩʯͷɾλ¡
ѹԻĵĳֻ·ƽְǹмӦõģɿӦѳޣ֪ĵѾףϸĵߴգﲻĥʲôأɵ÷ŵ㡣ȻˣһŮûлӽĵܣǱߵĹԱԴˮҲְ취ͽĵܣ˵ǼүڲƷС٣˶ЩԽˡ
˵ǰ棬е˵˼óТھֻ֤Թ˵ѻСүŮ˵ǡ
㾪ȵ˸үŮˣ
СȦӣȻ￴㣬ǴˣЩҧгݵصǰҺүǸ׽̵ûб;ؼҺ˵ˣСı˱˵ס
˿
࿴һۣЦɩҷİɣΪ࣬ܳ׵ˡ
Ƴһۡ
ȻʶԼʧԣæֲ⻰˵ģһӢȻҲᱻɫգ˵˵ȥǼү˲ģ˭Ц紺磬һࡣ
Цɩүò˰Ϊ𣿡
ࣺ
ûǸ˼ֻһĥ⻰ôԽ˵Խˣ
óֻ취⣬λǧ죬е㱿ġ
ץһ㣡
˷ܵĽ治ͷͼС˫ţɡɡɶΧ˹ȥ
¾ߵñȽԶˣˮȣ޳ʵСȱˮڣ
ٻεģҸҪˡ
ߵˮǳӦòΣգ뵽С׿ڸոյ£һȥ
ܿ죬Ϫ߾ֻʣ»һɫӣѩ׵ĳȹ˵ɫ
ĸТУÿλլ⴩صʾء
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ˮ
ƫͷ¾ˮǳˮ޳СҲ¶˳
ջߣʯͷ
¾ϰԱߵʯͷϣʪЬ
ƫͷϲ˫š
¾̧ɡ棬װ׾Ĳ˿ʣˣ
ָǸŮ˵£кҪģ
¾ڣҲ㲻Ϊƽϣ֥ùӵˣοֻǰһС죬û˵һ䡣
ȻǵΪλ˵ǵã
¾ڣϹȻаŮֲǾҲŶʮͷûµͣȻǵйôһ£ûסǸСððʧʧڨҵҲأźǵ棬һܸɲɣ
ЦˣǲڣǲǾԸˣ
¾ҲЦǲڣҪߴգѾӽɽˣ׷׷
㵹ǺܿԼҲֻлأδؾ빴㡣
¾ڣҹô룬˵ѾˣǸеö˵үһûףҲҪӣñƼһЩ
ˮУץһֻСзȥ˳򼸺һɡµסɣȰѺзͰҪȥš
ߣֶһСʯͷҵ棬㵱Ȼ˵ıȳĻ˭֪˽ûʱ᲻ʲô
¾ڣˣң
ͷ
¾ڣɷģǰе˶ǰҲֻҪһֲɵӣĲϧȥЩ档
ģ㵱˭µƾʲôѡ
¾ͻȻסĽףһЬһߵҲϡ
Ѿ˲˵ʲôˣȥԼĽš
¾ڣǶˮ棬⿴ʲô˼ģˮµģ㡣
ֲСӣ
¾ڣСҲķǡ
˵䣬ѾűߵϪˮм䣬һ£ȹڣһ߽˫ˮС
ϪˮȻƫ£ԴԴϵسˢĽ档
޷ϣȷʵеĽǣȷʵҲ峺СϪˮС
أ
˫ֳţСѵ
¾ڱȣֱϣǰȣ¶˫Ө񲻼κ覴õСȡ
̫Ư¾̲סһѡ
š
¾ŽˮУȹڣʣҰţԼ᣿
Լɣ㶢źǡ
¾ھͼһºӵĺӣ͵͵˷ܣȴֿޱȵˮȥżˮ棬·Ϻһ͵͵ˮ΢ĵط
˺ܿ˻ߡ
¾ҲרֶȥˣʱɨΧ
Ϫˮ¼լ̫ˣԷزϴ´ţټϽճ¾ڷ޴źǳ棬ЩµĸǸԾرܿԶԶ
ˮңˡ
¾ڼߣ߹˴ᱧ𣬷ոʯͷϡ
СȶʪţŻڵˮֱӷŵ棬մŪࡣ
¾ڱϯضСȣͳؿڵá
ɡˣǡõסȣԼ¾ڵĶ
¾ӣ֮ǰģǷĵɽﱻ¾ǻʹá
ʱͷɫרע·Ĳǹȣϡ䱦
ȻЩ棺ûΪҴͻ飬ȢʲôŮӣ
¾ڿһۣûͷӡĸ׿϶ҰţֻҪǳ̫󣬼ƷҲ˵ùȥҶȢɡ
ϵķޣôɵġ
ţܸиϲãƩõĻģϲ۾һġ
¾ˣһߵͷһȣһ𴽽ǣûһ죬ͻȻ֪ԼҪʲôˡ

ϲ׵ģ
šһ¡
¾εʲôҲû˵Ϊң
۾ҲУ
¾ЦЦ
ȽŶˣʱ¾ʣأǰʲô
ߵġ
¾СЬӣϧֻܼġ
.
ۺá
ĸ²иŮСڨ£ȻѾ͵ĺˣǵĹС᲻Ϊִ
²ڣڣĵûôͿΪһѰŮԴס
仰˵ĵӦûûǸùΪᡣ
̾У濴ʲôҾʱЦøŮһʲôûʱ򣬹е㷢˼ҲңǴιдԭˣҲСشĦЦš
²ڣλߴˣ㵱ɩҲѧǰС
룬ЦҵԽԽĵˣ㿴׶ŹĵܴͨɷӲ࣬ʱ򻹸ҸƢ󡣡
²ڿֿ⡣
ⷽ潲ĵܴҲǰ޹˺ˣ뵱͸¶ʺѹ޸ĵܣȫ˶ò˼顢ϻ̳Ͽֻ֣ĵܣȻԹȢ鷳಻ڣ
뿪󣬳²ںԼĳ棬ȥǸ빴ĵܵŮ˵ݡ
ʯ򲻴֮ǰ²ھ͵õϢ֪ǸŮӽʮˣСɫѾ޹ˣֻɷûкӣҡݽַ͸¶ŮȷʵЩҰģƽʱʱҲ̽Լҵ£رĵ빫ء
͵ǡ
뵽һ˻Ҫסһңù磬²ڽĵܽеԼ鷿
ͦȵģ¾ֻãֻ»ܶ࣬ԽݾͲͷʣʲô£
²ڣɻǵ
¾ڣ
²ɫϪѰڨǸ
¾ڳô㻳һ岻
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¾ڣ֪ˣˣ֮ǰ빫Ȳˡ
²ڣҲãǱߣ
¾͵ƨҲǰĵ£˼Ҹûϡ
²ڣµˡ
¾ڣ
ãڴμϣﰤŴż绹Щµطôĵ˱
ʲô£
¾߽ʡ
¾Ҳûһһ߽һ飺ЩˣһıһһȻٱˡ
²ڴ˾ȡõˡ
й⣬еŹ͵ԣ˻Ѿ˼æΡ
¼Ҿͺܺãӹλ֣ܾأϣеά
ʱ¾ڰҲˣ¶ʵ˶šݵ
ҡӵĶһ٣漴˸
¾ȴӺߵģһƤ⣬˭á
һ˭ϡ
Ǳ߳²˼ȥǰ˸ס
͢ʲôҲû˵ûãȥҰ˵׵ý˱꣬ٶ¾ڻլ̽ʱޣĻҡҡλεشǵ߾ʮɼҶȥ
ܶڿ֣Ʈڡ
֪ݵĻ£ȥ¾ڣ¾Ҳһӡ
ͷӵ̫һ㶼빫ϱ


61 
Ѯ, 䵱ɽ̫͹
ƻʱ֣׷ͯյϹ, ɫϵǰ̼¶֮, Ŵų¾ڸǡ
糯סĿԺȥ
·ϣ¾ڿһϮȹȾ֬۵Ļһʵס߰ˣ׼ʱȥ
ʲôⱲҿֻһ䵱, ȻҪסһЩ, , ߺˡ
γ, ԭҲûҪ¾ǳ¾ڷҪ
¾򴽡
ϸųơ¡ܼԼʮȥζͥ, ³µײŻ, ԰ס˼, լϹҪ䵱ɽ¾, Ҫֱһ£
¬, Ҫҵʲô㣬⼸ղ̫͹鹬, ȥ, Ҳѧүү, Ӵһ, Ѱ˼ɡ

ͳһ, ͬʱػΧȷûСʿ۾¾ڣƽʱҲͰˣүүģ洫ȥʷȥǰһ󲻾㸸ʿҵһ漰үүҲ޷˽
¾ЦſǲøңȻٻһȫ

صԺϢСʿѷˣڵۣȻҪء
ͷࡢزˣ¾ڵɫѿˡ
ֻúЦҵġ
¾ڲ³أǶΪڵۣҪڵۺ
֪ˣϸ¸ȥͥʲô䵱ɽ
һͷԵ㣬ȥ塣
¾Ц㣿ߵ嶼Ҫۣ˵صһ߷壿
ⲻǻ㣬˾㱳ҡ
¾ڣأ
ǲˣǵȴһֻ硣
ֻЦڼ˯Ҵܼȥ
磬ɽţ¾ھӣεεĹţ
̫ˣûָһ·ó¾ڱߵöʱԼߣʺͷ羰ĵط¾Ѱƽʯͷ£ܼһһں档
ЪЪģ쵽磬ڵ嶥
ˬ졣
ܼʳйһ޷ĵط֧𻭼ܣȻ˵ǱȥˣôŹ
¾ڿ߿ҧڰӣԻЩʼڣϲˡ
䵱ɽϣܶ۶̫桢үүԼȵۻүүģɽˣǻҪôʯϡľɽǺεࡣ
ʧеãȻˣȴҲ׬ӣҲЩԣȻЩɽϹͺͺģͶûͶ֮
¾ֻģû粵
Աˣг¾ĥīҲĸĸܵܵԻʽ͸ˡ
ɽ׳ӲͬǶ
¾ڣ㻭ˣĥȥҪˡ
Ƴ֣ʹҹĳЩʱ̣ⷺ졣
ѵ̫ãҲмֵˣôɽðͷ
Һó¾ʰ̧ͷʱѾָ糣
ܵｻǣȻǰ档
һ·ʱи¨Ĳũһ·ˣһţæó¾ڷ
¾Ҳע⵽ˣŵϡ
˼ũҲ·ڣƳɽ·ũʶؿһۡ
ũסˡ
ҪܿߣȻ־ôЩ죬ȥͼȻһ£ȴǱĿѮҵͣһƳ룬мɷǡ
ĿתضũЦЦ±ҩ¨赣
˼ֲ²⣬Աʱϲ⣬СܼǰϲȻ̫ҽô
˱ҽ̫ҽԺְ澰˳ιСʱȾһη纮úأҲ̫ҽκõġ
ֻʱʮ꣬ټģˣ起ɹˣӡ̣ĸоС
Ц֪Ǻޭʿǡ굽䵱һɼҩݣ뾹ܵˡ
֮κ˶ܼ֮ڵȻʮʱٳøˣǷò赻һ۾˳Ҳ˵˻¼֪ʱ乫ȷʵں㡣
˻ɣ赽ܳ¾ڣ򵥵仰ҵ¾ڣ¸ϼҵĹӡ
ڴ¾һĿһò
Ͼ˽¾ʲôֻܿˡ
ɽ·ѳ¾һһֱڲУ¨ﶼʲôҩݣ뿪ЩڶʲôأҲû̫⻪ĹݣǰѻһСѣ̬ݶ顣
¾ĿʱڻЦϣʱڵɽϡ
֪ǲˣƺرƫͷӡʵѧ֮ˡ
ڻ£̫͹ĿԺ
ʱ۳¾ڣڵ̫ҽҵĸ곣֮ţ֪ɷǻݣ˼ƣ
¾ڣ
ĸ׻ûʮҲͦӲʵģ߶ᣬôͻȻ͵Ҫڿĵز
ǻ̫Т˳һСⶼĸܣ׶Ӷȥˣ
һĲҩȥܾ
ɶϻųϿСڱ㲻Ľйʧ
ȻТģϷһ˰ɡ
ܸˣܼڻ֮ǵĳֱȥǱ߽Ӧ
ߺ󣬳¾ڸŻݣɻĸ׸᣿
븸׶ͣ˼϶ٶЩ⣬ǼȻ̫ҽȻܴᡣҲˣ̫ҽĴҩƮȶ淸ʲôȥѰɾûطˡ
¾ڣû⣬㲻̫ҽһˣ
üҪǵ̫ҽгҪ
¾ٸͷӶŸɣѡҲѡԼҶϣֻǱǰ˺ı־ˣ⹫д̫ҽʱ·˼ҵүү˭ֻ̫ҽҽҿҲʮˣ˵̫˵ͷ̫أ
ףΪ˼ͷӣ
Ҫ︸ĸ׶Ϊֻ˵Ҿظף
¾ڣµģǼĸãʵΪͷӰݼڡ

ȥͷ
¾ߣֻˣŻ᲻ٶҡ
ߵҶԸװݼΣҾǸˣظҲΪи֮ţܸɽҳչϺӡؿɼҶԸֻоأȥ㡢ҡ׶ҪΪЦ
¾ڣҶ㻹ϹӢǿ׳ȥһʮͷӣֻҲףڸô࣬ΪζǼ뾩ʱֻǴθҲ׸ǰ׸
ӷϣӣͷƳһۣЦٻǿɣСҲʮλϣòɣʤס
ܸ߳¾֮ˣֻܲƴڻŪȥ
ȻҲǹҪ赣ǹӲʣʵһ׮ǰ粡ţйء
¾̽ؿһټȥеԼ
ֵѾŵĶ磬ٶͷӣʣ¾Ϊ䣬Ӳǰѳ¼˳Ħˣ·ϻͻȻһ
Ƭ̣Ŀھײˡ
¾ںȻʣʺҪͻʱ硢綼δףѡ˭

˭ѡҼޱȥ


62 
ʯ, ¼լ
컹ţϾˡ
͢ΪҪȥ˻ӾȻױ̨ǰͷ, ɺʣôô磿
϶žӵ·̣ǴŽվ͵ˡ
͢Σÿնɨ, òҲǰԤˣʲôҪԲٳֵ£
ͷЦҽҪˣ̫˷вУ
͢ɫͱø˶, ̫ҽ, ҪΪ, ˵, Ҫҵ¡
ϣŹҿ϶ᣬ˽±̫ҽ, ë, ʮʱ, ʱʱõģҪ˵̫ҽ, ƫ, Ҳ˿̫ҽ顣
ӵĸûӣ˹ȥ
ЦЦʵͦɷġ
ɷ򲻿β, һ, һ̫æ, ûʱͣ塣
˶Ľ¼ҽյķ, ֻ֪, ɷһѧյλãм俴˶ٹԱɫ˶ԹǶ޲ý֮ãɷһնϢǿԴҲûֹͣΪҡΪ͢Ϊı㡣
ɵϣɷļѵùǣ붯̫ҽڻУΰɣκԼԺҲԼоıĴ£Բԣ
͢
ͻȻƨɣ˼̫ҽ˰뱲ӵĲʲôû˶ƿ·̫ҽΣ¸ϵƨɾô󣿡
͢
Ͼͷ֣ɷĶˡ
ֻúЦʮķޣˣȻΪССĵ٩졣
˯Ͷ˯ɣ̫ҽˣ㶼ҵģҲҾͰ߹Ȱ㣬ӱҴ󡣡
͢
.
绹һʱͣ˳լ⡣
¾˳תҪȴȥҽ赣гơźء
¾ڱȥӦˣʮҽʮҲס
л
ЦŵȻʹˣƽʱעǿ壬ӹǱȺܶ˶ӲʣȻҲûȥɽֲҩ
͢Ϸӭ˳֣֮ϳͷȥдˣ̫ҽ
ϿˣϷֻǲһ̫ҽ֮
ϣȷ̫ҽѾҽˣ
ЦҡҡͷĿѸϡ͢Ϲһ顣
ѹƲ˵
赱ϾģΪ
Ͽϱ赸пǰǶãʱʮľ˲ӣһ·ȥ˹ٷˣҲ֪ҵҾȢλϱƹŮƵȥ䵱ɽΪȻӣӼûТģ
Цŵͷ
΢΢죺ô˵Ҳ̫ҽʱ뵽ġ
¾һǫˣĸ֮Тֵȷʵ硣
Ҳ˼ûеɹȥ
ѾǰںӣߣѯƽʱЩ֢״ٿʼ
ȷʵЩ͸˵ĳ⣬Ҫҩģ赸ҩ⴫һЩ֮
ϣлˣԶȥͷϢϢɣٺúÿ
ôһ˵͢˿
еż¾ʹɫ⻰ӿڸʡ
¾治뿪ڸͷӵТӣˣҪȥ˯Ƶ
򴽣¾ڶĸ׵ױ꣬˵ҲЩǱصë̫ҽҲɡ
ϾˣģĪ䵱ɽʲôѶͷӵТĸˣ
͢鸴ӣΪڿТ˳ĵТĲʱ
źӣصܺãͲͷˡ
ҲѰʱ޴¡
ȴڸոտϣָָŵλãԳ͢ҿɫԲ԰ףȷأǿĺá
͢¶ɡ
Ӧ뿪ӣԶϵףһЩҪȻˣŰɡ
ϣУȥɣ
͢Ҳ¾ڣò㣬湫һȥ
¾۾ֲϹ赴ͷӵ̬ȣľųƵķҪһĲУѵͷӻص
ͷԽߣƫҪҪӵȥǴТʱߣĪҪⰲһТ
͢
µ¾ڲˣȥ
ɷ򷴻ƵģϱһżͰɷǰϡ
͢ڵǱߵĶӡ
赿סѵƽľ
ҽ͢ϸϵļӶðڣֻϡ
赲ҽܿͷڣų͢ʣǲǡ
͢ƳǱ첱ӣʱϵƲһط˵
赺ػߵ˽ȻһǸϵӣһǸϵĶӣûҪˡ
ۿҪߣ¾̲סˣڵģʲô
Ͻһԣʾɷȴҽ뿪ٶԶӵɶ󲡣ֻ˵ӣŲ㡣
¾ڣңҡ
İɣҲ㳰ЦģϽһȥ
¾룬͵ӣǲʹ󣬲ˣ
ÿ׶ӣԼһѣϲûֻѵһֻЬӣץסӵĸ첲Ϳʼ
¾ڰ˼Ьףȷĸײ͸¶ͷˡ
á
Ȼ֪ʲôϱĲѯʵģΪ֤ʲô֪¾ڻװĵʣΣ
¾ڿһۣĬƬ̣ͷ̫ҽѯȥˡ
ϷĪʲô֢㵣ģŲϽ֪
¾ڣĸӦ֪飬ӣӦҲʲôصĲֻǲøǿڡ
¶ȣ漴εҾͲˣ֮ɣʱҲס
¾ЦЦǳ¼ҵŮ׸Ů
ٱתȥҡ
¾ڿϣԴŴ⣬۵׺ڳģ֪ʲô
á
͢ȻѾ֪Լ֢״Ҳóȥˣ赵ķԸſڴϣҽ顣
һϴ֣һɫصص̣˰ɣ
͢£
赣Ĺ٣֮ܰͣд֢ҲֻǸ̲ˣպʱһαһأԴ𡣡
͢Ҳⲡʣи֮ԣԸ
ҡҡͷ̫ðգ򲻵ʱ֮οֻСҼ꣬ǰ׳ǿһԡ
͢ҵΣ
赣һҩϳֻ֮ҪķʮңڼҪЩͷºҲҪСĵһʱ䡣
͢˿ܳãǾˣɽҩдȥҩ
赵ͷ


63 
ҩ, Ƴһ̶ֿ֮ҩʩʮ̱ɳ, 滹Ҫʱ䡣
ʮ͢϶Ҫֲܸʡ
ȰЩˡ
͢ѾҪβ, ҩֻǵĹϱڹѯĲ顣
һ֪ڵʲôôӵɷֻˡ
ȥãԻ, ͷӵĲûд, ִ̫, 뵢ڵĲ, һֱסߣТԶ˵, ², Ҳ²ܻТͷӡ
, ЦģҲת游װ, Ǿͻ԰
Ȧһ졣
ĴϱҲТ˳, ǰλǹĹȻҲŮƵĶԴ, βж
, Ҹ̫ҽ˵Щǿ׻, Ķϱ, Ⱳֵˣ
Ӳ۽, ˵úܴ
֮
ϱӹɳ²ԩУֱܵӵĹϵҲǽɥɥӵĴ御
ĸȨ˶Դɾ׵ķˣùȨҪ˶Է׵ܵܡ
ܵܺͿȴᱨܵʲô
ⱲӻһУȫǳԶԳ¼˵ͬ벹ֻϣգһõĶϱ
ϳ¾ȥѾʰ뿪֮ǰһ档
赣ҪѯʸϵĲ飿
˵ǸϽ⴫
ЦЦڣҲشҲܷģֻǸϼ縺Σ߶סһʱգȸϳٻ䵱ҩɺã
źӣģϷȻΪΣȻҪʼա
֮ǰһ֪һΪУ˳Ҳһ
Щ⣬Ĺͬˡ
ĸ˳ȥҲܼȥ¾˵һֱӻ԰
Ȼ˻ƻ裬ֻиˣ˵үĸϲ飬ȥ˳¼լ
Ҳû̫⡣
¾ڶֶֶŮǵ̬ȣ֪Ǹȵˣͷͬˮ棬ɱϾףûжĳܺĶĸײŲˡ
¼լ͢Ѿ赵ƵĿ̶ҲܳԣĬĬſڴϳǷ֮ʹ
үˣˡ
Ѿǵһ͢͵۾ʹɫ
ͦοģĲ׵£ƣĶТ˳
͢ҵЦ
ϣЦ㣬ҲЦСʱֲûг󡣡
˵䣬¾ѾѾ߽ˣϾȻɾĳޱͷʪţҲϴˡ
ϡڣȻҲôˣ֪ΧҪָɾ
¾ޱȥҲûҴк֪Ѿ԰ˣҺαذܡ
͢úú÷˼˼Ϊβк
϶ǶһֱûֵùģûѶӵ
¾ڣǲҲ÷˼ö࿴㣬Ż֪ʱȥסТӻװ
͢мش𣬹ƽ⣬ǲТ
ϣˣҴһﱲѾˣ볳ҳȥٳһҹҲûš
͢۾
¾ߵβ߽ͷӴͷŴһ飬ƨҪڣһ۵ɹ㣬ѾҩˣҪ̽ǾТˣϽȥϢ
¾ڻѾµˣ֮Ҫôǰ棬Ҫôں棬ͷſţ𰸼ֱ֮
ʲô״ԪϣǷһ
á
źĶˣֻһӣ¾ֱȥ˯
ȫϢŵ˯⡣
ջƻ裬¾ڻȻһլҲûͷӣĸ˵ͷûʲô󰭣ȥֱӸݳǡ
Ƶԡº󣬳¾ܷڴμϿ飬ȥһȦŶ
ͷЩȻʧøɸɾ
ۻشμ䣬վ齱ߣһԲ
߷·ߣյûȫڣ飬һۣôô
¾ڣȥһլ
ǲ죬漴ʣ׵Ĳ飬ˣ
¾ڣѾˣֻǺõûô졣
ͷҲô
¾ںȻЦ£һΪͷӵĲ飬跹˼ʲôģû뵽㾹Ȼ¡
һȣ۱ĵ븸׵Ĳ޹أֻ̫˽㣬䵱ɽʱҪ̲סˣ̣ҹڣ⣬˯þ
¾û˵
ֻҹҲû˯þ˯ǰͲ˵ˣҹ¾ŪǴҲᣬ峿춼ˣ¾ھȻ
¾վڴ߸ʱڴϣæǺõıӡ
һͷںڵķ˿¾ڲԺ¶ưëʪغһ
¾ϵ
ȴǾؿһۡ
ʱĳ¾ڣɫƷٷʵĳһӳֻٹЦʱԵЩ
ȻĹ졣
ǰʱ¾ڵܻ᲻ʵ˵һЩոյĳ¾ڶܳĬֻܺݳɡ
ôˣãȻʣ£һġ
¾Ĵǣû£ˣúò
һۣᡣ
¾Цˣܿǰһڣȥ
ϸ룬˺Ҳûʲô仯ֻΪǰ̫ãǰ㼱аɡ
.
͢βڼ䣬¾ÿһնȥһˣߣޡ
ʮѮʱǳ͢ʹʱһȦҲûʰĺӣҺɷѧľ
ʹǻĵʮµ׵գԶһصլ͢Ѿжˣ赻ڣ²ڡТڶ޴֪ǵĸ׾Ȼһ
ףȾ˺μôҲ˵һ
ΪûڸǰТ²ĵضԸһЩ
ТҲĸ˵ƵĻֻг¾ڣЦЦվڻߡ
͢ӣѵТ˳ӣˣСѣˣҲҪن¡
²ڡТڻǸûڵɫ
赵ֵϹһȦбҪѳ¸һڵ׵֮Ҳ̸ĹٵĶӣÿΣǲɲ
һ֣صظл赡
ڳ¼ҳԹ׼ˡ
˵֪䵱ռҩݣкδ㣿
ЦϷ׼£ռҩݱ걾顣
ĵϵѪ֮ػ츣ǧգ
ûǫ飬ֱԵǰ˵ҪϷǺ£
۽ޣܣҲԳ길ʵҲǰˣȥСס꣬һʲ񻯣ڣҡ
˵ȥˣƫͷ
ǲϲʵ̰ɫҲΪʱײһĻԶʡ
ֱͻȻУŮټʱѾſʼڡ
ŮദŮкιϵٺɫŮȴûаίΪҪţǼ⣿
֮󣬻һֱ븸ʣֻûͻȻؾټҲҪֻܵ湫һһ
βۿų¾ھܣ͸Լĸˡ
ɾΪϱ޷Ḷ́ΪŮҲȰɸմŮɫȰҲδعá
õİ취赻̫ҽԺҽҽܹҪġ
ƽ¿赡
Ȧţ峺Ҳһˮɫ
ͨŮģϧοò
Լıҵݺܽˣȴ̫Զ
ϷȻھǣȴԻϵҲ˽⡣Ӧףһ˲ҽΪβûãҪҽСϷڹʱŴȰɻԣκλϴӦˣͷأϷȥǣҲǰһˡ
Ҳ̫ģϷȷʵЩҽ׬Щɹ̫ҽԺҽλ̫ҽǵҽֻʤϷһм̫ҽǶ߾ȫΪΡ
ʣһ䣬û˵ڣǾǣ˳۵˾֢̫ҽǶβãȥ˶Ҳǻ
򴽣ףǸ赡
赿Цһ񣺡Ϸ־ڱ飬빫ȫ
ȫץ赣Ҫؾȥ
Ҳֻˣǿ֮١
ͻȻؾһȥҡһ˿ϣ
ЦЦϷˡ
תȥ
͢˶Ժţһȥ
Ψ¾ڼûгá
ƫͷƼԼ
¾ڴһЦ㻹ͷӵŮм̫ҽмȻ¡

Ȼճ¾ڵ죬¾ȴһܺõĽڡ
ʰų¾ڵ̫ҽҪˣ㻹ȥͣ
¾ڼָֻ˹ƣȥ׷Ѿ߳һξļ͡
¼⣬˹֣
ҽܼԻͣ
Զ¾µҲ߬߬
׷赣ʻ˵ʲôֺαϸȥ
¸˯һԼԸ˲С


64 
Ϧ, ߾Ȼһѩ
춼ֻϸϸܵ꣬˲űССѩ
ľǹ궬춼Ҫѩ, ȥѩûʲôо꿴ôĵСѩ, 䵽ϾȻֱӾͻˮˣʧһʧҲˣԳ¾ڵߵѩû˼ǵѩŽкÿ, һҹ, ڶ쵽һƬװع
˸մլǱ߳ҹ, ǰ, ¾ڰﻪɡ
ƹƣںëĳµԽ԰, С, Թš
¾ڿǰ, ʲôãɽˮܱȵġ
׼رһ, ֻǾ±ѩ, ôͳжˣ
һֿۣ˼Χѩͽȥˡ
լûд, ̿, Ȼ, Ǿ, Ѻ͵ų¾ڿȡů, û뵽һϴţȻ켸һӣţ
һ߱ѾǰӣһƵ˭ˣȴ
ûǺǷִ˯ˣ
ҲǷҪ¾˯һѣֻĪ
¾ڲ˵
Ҳתȥ
֪˶ã¾ƿ´ˣΪﻹŵƣŤͷȥȻͿ¾̶
ҧ߬ӣѹס
ֻǳ¾ܺܰβȫҲʲôãܿ¾ھͳı˽ӾͿʼס
ˣҲֻ֣ˡ
ô£һλ˯
¾²̧ͣͷؿ
ӡ
Ƭ֮󣬳¾ڵȵҵġ
ˣΪ˵ߵѩã
¾ڣѩңָɣ

˵ȡ֣ҲûôȡֵģҲǲǣ
ȥ
¾ڵҲûоɵٰ§ϣŸů¯
ҷƢϣֻǲŲԶͱ¾˻ȥڼΣҲ÷ˣ˵ȷʵҲϲ
ȻһЭ¾ڵ־ͿʼʵûʲôڣðǵСܿҲôʧˣСѩԽԽ󣬱¶ҲԽԽߡ
һʱ򣬳¾û˸ոյĿתؿɢڼͷĳûҪˡ
ҶԾǵѩûʲôӡûװɣ
죡
¾ЦЦ۾ǵѩݵĺãǲ磬ȻΪηҪѡݺ

Ůһó¾ڱưͣ
.
һʱ·һӾͱÿת۾µףһʢ
ųơ¡԰˳¼լ
³߹ĸͻߵ鼸գоͻᶯǰǡ
ôŵģ㡢Ҳլ¾ֵȻŲ£ĹԱҲõˣֵܻҪؾٵġ
С԰ĵŸոճǶ䣬Ҳ֪ǳʱĵ᲻Ὺ
ǰ껪ݣ޲һס󣬻Ҳֻԣĸ꣬Գ¼լҲûʲô飬Ҫ뿪ˣɳ¾ʰС԰ٿӱɽźȻԼȻЩᡣ

ͷǣŮ߹ˡ
ȥ廹Ǹֻ֪ԺСޣѾҡҡλεˣС˵Ҳڳ
̳˳Тڡĺòװ׵۾ϲͣ߸˵سҲ̲סͷһ

С߬һһõݸ
һַסСŮޣһͷ
త£ԸĸŮȥһˣҲóû뱧Ů˼Ͼҹױ˼ҵĺӡ
ոȥɩˣɩʰĵ߶׼׵˰ɣ
ͷ
̾Ҫȥˣ߶û˼ҿ߶ҶƻˣأǲҲȲع￴
ЦЦȻ
ߣ¶ʵУСһǵһ뾩ôԶ˵¹Ц⼸һ뵽ҪҵﻹиɩǣҶ˷ܵ˯šүɩݶߣǼҰֻйڵ顣
һۣĬϡ
ҲüʧˣƲס룬ϱѾȥĸʣ˵ĸúؽҲ̫ӵܵܵԴûгñߣ
˯ţʹ¾ڣ¾ڰͲĥʱ䣬ݺݾһҲˣһ
ֻǳ¾ʹܲˣֻڳ¾ڻ˵Ҫΰ𣿡
Ժĳ͢ʵӣլ϶̡
¾ڣͷؾ˾ΪһŻ£Ը⣬Ҫϼֵء
㣬¾ڵԼҶ뷨
СͲǶϣʱͷӸˣլԼֵؾֵأĴĴ䣬סˣǲ۸ȥ˾ǣزģǵٵģ϶ţž͵ڼʱʱñͷӽȥ̸ġ
ɳ¾ڣҲҪҲҪͷӵɫ
ͬ𣿡
¾ڣ嶼ˣһ٣˵Ҫڼ￴أͷֻͬ⡣
Ժ󻹳ɲף
е㵣ĳ͢ʵȢһǰ㵨̰š
¾ڣѾѡˣ̫̫ǰߵһѾߣʮ꣬ҲߺȥԺչ˶ˡĸ׵˼ǶǰѶϲ°ˣҲ¼ɿ֣ԷϼƵ·
ȵȢһѾߣͬ⣿
¾͵ԼҪȢġ
ͷǸø磬۵ܵûӶӣµܼܵįͰ˺ʵŮӹȥչˡ
ʵųˣǵطҲֲˣͳˡ
ͨҲУҪȢΪӣѾְڱ֣ͷӴҲȢŮӳ£ɴ˶塣
еĹؽڣеġ
ҪŮΪɷع֤Ůӵֵ꣬ɥޣǼŻȢ¸ţȢҲҪշ·ûŮǾͻƵġ
ƿ¾ڣȥ˯ڱѡ
¾ڲҺθɣ
µ˶һ
¾ڣҾͲһ㡭ңҲұˡ
˵˵Ȼ򵥣̰ǰŲų۾Ѿĸˡ
¾ڣǸ϶㣬ñңݣ̰˾͸Ұҹҡ

ΣȻͷ֣¾ںܸɳ޷
Ҷ֣ЦʣһûˣΣ
Ҫܳʲô
¾룬ЦǵÿˣޣֻҪĻңұ㲻
ֱñӶס죡


65 
͢ɥ, չдһЩعԱѣȻͲٳ˵ܵܳ͢ʵĻ¡
͢ʵѾˣȢҲŹŮ, ²ûд졣
ڶ죬͢ʵЯ޷ɩ, һԹĻŵһμ˳¾ڵ¶
ʮˣǰǸ¶¼̫̫ŮѾߵ֡ɫƽƽ˳޵᲻̫̫, Ըһֱź̫̫̫̫, ͢, ʷкδ, ûȥϣڳ¼, ̫̫Ժӡ
ϳйо, Ҳ, ûʲôҲ㲻ô
ϡ¼ڵĶа¶, ͢լԭūͼȫһ, ŷȥչ˵ܵܣǵҲǷź̫̫ôãܵʮϤ, ܹܵµįʱ, ϻܸܵһ̫̫ƽ, û뵽ܾܵȻῴ͡ɫķϡ
͢ʵ˵ﻰҶ, ȢʮС, ˼ԸޣҲûǸȢϣΪԺи飬һŮҵĸҲûϵôҲ֪ôӣûзʡġ
һɥó͢ɬȻʲôӦ˵ܵܡ
˵ܵܵĻ£͢ѾլҲûʲôģ͢һҪȲҪؾʩչȭš
ʮ壬һʽ̷
ϵİǸų˺ܾúܾãݳʱڹԱԼҲӿ͡
иΪ԰޵̫ñ㱻ƶȥĸմ󻧣Ϊ״һҲûԼ԰ӣжԹʮָмŹϲĵմ߼۹һĵƷѩڵߣҪ׸
ҲͰˣ˵ҪĵЩ⶯
ơ¶ڳźӣᣬԸͣ
һͣԱߵĳ¾ڱյߡ
ӣԽ¾ڣ䵽˸մеĵϡ
ʱֵĵѩȻݲ󣬿õǺã̵֦ҶѾ亣ڴĻ䣬˳Ⱦѩ׻ΡΡģ
¾ʹɫ
¾ڱ߹ȥǴ󻧵⻨úãˡ
մϲ⣬ӣƵġ
濴ؽİԷ۲ʻݸү
¾ڽӹĵҡҷװ׵ĵι
¾ǸˣǰûЩݲкϡ棬һ̵ᵽ˰ĵְ׵ģ
ǰ棬ӣСؽӹ裬ûүһƱ
¾һŰ͵ҲȻǸմ󻧡
ۣÿԼǹȻ⿿ǵٺ»
ӷµһ˲·ߵȺ￴һЩϤףϱӴʱѱԭؾ
ģԭؾһϮصȹЦվ
ңңسͷȸոյĵӯ˼֡
.
껪ݣ·Ͼ£αϻؾȻҲǲٶȣִ뾩վʱѾѮ
ĵĻлˣֻʣ֦Ҷˣÿͣޣơ»ǻὫ軨ᵽķ䣬ýˮˮòҶӲҶӡ
סվҪʱ䰲٣¾ڸܼһ𣬽վⶼһ飬ݲ֮ˡ
ȳ¾ѲϻͼѾԡˣɢһͷδ͸ںڳԣԲĵҶƬһӳҶ֮󣬺֦Ҷ¿һĵ
ԭںʲôСƳ¾ڣͣɫɡĿãȻá
¾ڱԸҪȥĳƣ׼롣
һ죬ͷ¡
һʰݵĻҲ˼֣棬ٺ
¾Ա£ȹˮŵǰҶûޣһҹֵռһСԺӦһΣ
ֻҶӣҲ˵һҹ¶ˣһֺη
¾ڣǾã˹Żڹסʮ²ó

ôģŷס࣬˵عס£ס꣬¼Ҳûʲôָժġ
ҲΪˣ¾׼ȥˣҹĻһ٣ɵ˯
¾˯˰ҹȻȻ̳
վĴͷ֨֨µط·ʱܻɲԼֳȿܻᱻҰʷĻĵЦ֮£ڿͬ¾ФεǸӡ
Сԭǽڸһҵľ룬һţûþͰǽ
Ҳˣϵĵȴ泯ǽǱһһµػ˹ȥҹīɫĵҶ΢΢ţûԺҲ޷ĵ
һʱ򣬳¾ڲߵɢһڡ
ҵ̫á
.
峿һù緹µǳˡ
Һ㹻ϣһʱߡ
ǺΡĳǽѾңң¾ôӽǡ
ơæѹѣһʪӰ﹫棬һѸ׼鱦Ρ
߸մã¾ڵִ˽̡̫
Ц뿪ôã̫ӵһ뻵ˡ
վӣȷԼֻѹһǳǳ˯ۣ֮ⲢһĵŽطꡣ
£Ϊ׵Ĺͣ
δͣȣ¾ѾȲ񣺡΢ݼ̫ӵ¡
̫ӽŲ΢١
Ȼ¾ڣȻΪûþ͸ų¼ȥݣ̫ҲָֻļΡ
ȥ̫Ӷүˡ
ʱվˣ筺ɫ벹ӵӢͦΣʹ֮ˣȻ˾
ŮúÿռЩˣʹ̫ӶԼ¸Ĵ治ĽҲʲôӶ
񡣡̫ӵѾƳͣ
ơںõһŹ³
һ¶棬̫ϵ䵭Ͳˣ۾ҲŽ㡣
Ŀ綨˵ܵϡ
ĵܵܲʮ꣬ҲǸˣȻ԰ͷԶĳ¾һģǺģ
һ³߹ȥܵ˻
¾ɫ΢䣬ٿ̫ӣ¶ֻ䶼ˡ
겻ܵôôࣿ
ɿܵܺ󣬻ŵܵܵļϸ
̫ӲɵͦţͬʱҲڹ۲㡣
̫ӿʼ֪ǻʹˣ½棬̫Ҳᾭò򶯣ֻøٳ谮㶼Ӧõģ˻ʵۣҲ񸸻Ž㣬ýʳǣ˭ǽȻ
Ȼ಻̫ӷֽøˣǲ̫ϰߵ¸٣ȴʤĵ峺ĺڽǰҲҪȻʧɫ
㣬ˡ
̫Щ׾ص
ʵˣֻḡֱ˵ʲôֻ̫úһ䡣
Цϱؾʱȷ˲٣ⱲȴûǸ⣬ոջչӣɫͿ֬á
ˣ𡣡ûܵܵȻԼӰס˺첽Ĺˡ
̫ˣ߰ʱͿֻܱнһ
һ±ɿ֣Աÿһ
̫͢ӵ¡
͢޶С֣
̫򴽣۽㣬Цݣ߹ȥԷ͢Զ۳Ͷ٣ĸӭ
͢æֳķлۺĶ䡣
̫Ӳ¼߶ϵǳɣѾڹȺʱ
͢¡ȡ
̫ӵͷŽȥ̫ӳݡ
ŵܵǰʱƳԱߵĳ¾ڣһﴩŹԵʮҲûж࿴ʲô˭Ҳ벻ҹжˡ
̫ӵĳа˱ʿɿڵĹϹ
˰ɣ
ˣ̫ڶˣպ󣬵ˣӰæȷ硣
ЦãֻǸոɹ˻̫أߵȶˣ
̫ӣʱɣĸҽӿˣˣߣҪǽҲڣҲŲɹ?
˵ԹľһΪǰۼ֤˹µĹôĸԹľʶΪʶ֮ĸҲ¾ڡ
ĸһֱҪܵܽǹĽ̻壬Ҫܵͨǰ𾴹ιؾĸҲ˵ܵܳӭӡ
ĿȾˣӦõģܵҲñԹʲô
ڣܵܵıԹȻ衣
ǲΪ˶ҪܾܵŹܵﲻԸ⣬ֱţö̳֮Թ
ϱӼ޳¾ڣϲǸ׵ˣÿ˽¶ĸԹĸҲֻȰȥ˽¾ڵĺãķԽԽ¾ڣ˽ȥĸĴ
ʱǺԣǰĵܵܣɡ
¹ܵģϲãϲܺã
ͨҲͰˣܵԺҪʵ۵ģʱǺ˭бȥ
ͨ㣬ûĸǰȰ˵ܵҪľعֱ˵ܵһ£˵ô㣬ͲʱҲ㡣
һݣ̫˾񣺡㣬ҽ°ɣǻ˵û۸㣿
ЦЦʼܵܽ¡


66 
֮, ¼ҵĳӷֳ·ϡ²ڵȻسլ͢¾ڸȥ˻ʹ
͢Ϊ˳͢سڸ, ¾Ϊݣ㹫ȥݼʼҵĸ
̫ͬ, ¾ֻͷӵԡ
ڣ͢ӣĶϹ˺ü飬ӳ˸Ƥңۺǰ̫ס
Ż, ͢ݻʺ̫, ̫ӵ, ǳ, ݻʺ󲻰ѹ޹϶ҲᶨƵ֧̫, »Ҫ̫, ûкʵ, ЩҲƴȰ衣
κݻʺҪŮ׼ң͢ѷҪݻʺ, ֻӲͷƤȥ࿴
Թ, ͢εģΪչֻǱӵƤƭ, лǰϤ, ֪˶ӵĳƢ, ͷݻʺ۰Ů, ֻҪͬ, ݻʺͷ
͢ҲϣڶӣţԼԸ⵱ôֻҪڵۺǰ΢չ¶ԣֹʧǣӦþܵݻʺ빫˼뵽նӾһ̬оֹأ
ŲԸ⣬֪ԼȢֿ˻
¾ںȻ
͢ͺһӡ
Ӻһ˻ʳ⡣
ͱ³ˣ̫Ҳ⡣
³󣬳¾ڵͷǣŵܵǰ档
¼Ҹһţ͢ӣȻϡ㻰ûʵʵ죬Ҫڼǰû
¾ڵҶˣҪ
͢ɫˣ궼Ǳ߹ģطԱŶӣĶ޷죬˾Ҳ֪
ۺǬ幬
ͬŮУ˳۱ݻʺȲסһţһ͸ڴſתһȦ
ݻʺЦ֪ĻΪֻлһأϡ
˳ȻĸӣɻǵһôԶģһֿ롣
ݻʺ뵽ֹԥԥʮ飬ͬͷѾûؾˡ
ȻʱѾ˳۾ǡ
ϣѾʳˣ
ϣѾǬ幬⣡
̫ʱϢڣݻʺҲվ˳Աߣſڡ
·Ǭ幬ߣƹȹսǣһ۾Ϳ˵ĸĸ
Ѯĸʣͷڣһɫ֮£еߡ
Ȼʪۿ
ɿ֣ܵܵС֪߹ٴεȣ˽ʵĻС
һ̣ʲôҲʲô¼ϱֻһʧȥ׵Ů
˳ȫסˣ˱ܵſֱ۱סŮһƬãȻŵؿԱߵݻʺ
жŮûôǹˣ
ع󣬾˳ʶŮͷʵôˣǲʲôί
뵽˳ĵؿۻĳ¼Ҹӡ
ҡҡͷʵŮһжãĸ󡣡
˳˿¼ҸҲûӡ
ˣʮĴˣôСʱƵĶͿޱӡݻʺЦŵ
ԣЩɿʣȥĸ
ݻʺҲ̲ס౧һ
ʱ͢¾Ҳ̫߹ˣ
˳۽ЦŶ͢һ˵ЩȰ͢ڰԺΪǵĻ
͢ɻίΣصϹᣬϡ
˳۵ͷٿ¾ڣ¬޵ｫ¶ʵһ飬ǳ¸Ͻ̳ĺöӣҲ޵ĺŮ̫˼Ҷµ֮ߣʿǾֺλ߾
¾ڹȫϡڹΪĹٱſָ򲻸Ҿӹ
Ѿվĸˣų¾ǫѷ̬ǲϰߡ
úãһǷƺҲѷɫ硣
Ʋ˵
̫ھ˳ߣݻʺߣ¼ҸҲھ˳ס
Ÿʡĸ빫˵߼ɨ¾ڣǼһﶼ˶ţ۹۱Ǳǹġ
Цһ̧ͷȴĸЦӯӯƺ͸ʲô
ʱ¾Ǳˡ
ϣ˳ۿǱߵŮԳ¼ҸӵǸôõ·һȥú?Ϣɣٽ޷̫ãڹСסһʱա
͢ˣǳȾиˣŻϡλ¹ˡ
˳۵ͷ
ߣϱͲˡ
͢ٶȻŶӸˡ
ֻʣһĿڣܵ˳ߣϸϸŵʺˣôŮڣûкúðϧ𣿡
˳εȷƫݣټƽʱŮɫЩ飬ҲһֲƵĲ԰ףռŮϲеǺо
˳ҲŮѯʵ˵Т˳Цް̻ˣãӼӲ;ˡ
¶顣
˳۽ŮԱ£ϸŮǱߵ
ӡ̵Ĺ¡˽¶˵ЩƩ͢ϰձܺ顢ݰ״Ʃȥ˶ͥϳ¾ȥһ䵱ɽҽ赵¡
ᵽ赣ⲻþᵽ˳͢Ĳ
ݻʺ󾪵¸ϻʲô
ί岡ĸûиǣӦǹǵģҲֻ̫˼Դ˰£˶һȦָ糣̫ҽ˼Һùεļʱȥ֮꣬ǡ
˳ۡݻʺɫǴ䣬˳ۻյ֪£޸ոոöĳ¸һЩ
ݻʺ룬̳ʱʹһЩҩ̸ϴȥɡ
˳ΪȻ
źۼع۲ܵܡ
ʮ̫ӻûоȥո˵¸ϾȻôصĲҲһ
ǲϲ¸ϣ¸ϳЩ󣬿δҪ¸ȥ
̫׳¸϶ҲΪãҲǵãһòرأĸֶ飬ҩӲȣǳ¸߹ҩιͷӵĺӳƮݣҩҲᣬ٣ʶûôι
̫ӳڹȥĻУ忡üۼ¶ǵ
һ֪ܾܵʲôˣϱӾʲôʹܵô޳¼ңûл֪ˣⱲӣһ뷽跨õܵ빫˴׺񡢾Ǣ
ʼĿڹ緹ݻʺɷӣǣŮȥķǹЪΡ
Ҫԡ
ŮǱˮݻʺŮһ˽ȥСʱŮԡҲԱţҲְŮϴͷͷ
ûʲôҪʱһĻĻȻԺ
¾ǼһƵģĶϲС
һ죬СҶôˣԼϴɡ
ɴ絲סߺݻʺһˡ
ŮദΣҲˣ⼸Ů϶ȹŮҲصıƼʲôۼ
ãȥ㡣


67 
˵Ъ, ˯ţݻʺһŴϣһݻʺ˵, һɵһҪ˯ˣûת, ۾ģ涼Ц
ݻʺε㰡㣬ôƵġ
ұĺӡ
ǹ˶ָо, Ҳʱʱֹ̱̿, Ʃȥ¼լСϪˮ, ȴðڳûȤģ, ¾ڡǿȡ˳һֻе˸ĸߣſ, õǡ
ݻʺŮҵĳ, £, Σһȥܹ꣬ʲôί
¼, ϾŮҪҹҹǴ򽻵, ֻг¾ڣΪŮˣìܡ
ݻʺ󻹼ǵŮ»鲻, ع¾ʱ, εԹ
ϸ, ¾ڵȷ, Ҫ˵ί, ¾ڻûʲô
ԹԵ˯ڵƽӣֻܳصʱ͵͵ȥ⣬ںˮʱĸԸرɽ
ûУĸίҡһƷ˿͸ֵ⡣
ݻʺЦˣҲһ£벻һ£еηȨҴѾˣףǿԹǷ⡣
Ĭˡ
ⶫʿ̸ģдţǼʫڻҲ˵Գ¾ڣǺãû˵һ绰˵һ˵ʲô±ҲȥŮˡҲԸһԶޣǴϵĹûȥ
ǳ϶¾ϲӣϲ˳ԵĵزлŮ
ţķֿˣֻҪ¾ѩˣ¾ھͻȥ
Ȼûֿ¾ڵĹȻˡ
Ҳں벻룬ֻҪҾˡص
ݻʺ̽ؿŮأϲ𣿡
˵϶ϲûиտʼô˳ˡ
Գ¾ڵĸ飬һ⣬ֻҪʲôҪƩҪ˱ţҪ¾ȥϷ¾ڶԾҲûнʧˣҹ¾󻶣ǻ£ҲԸϾ˶
ŮƵӣݻʺһЦ
ָĸŵĻ£Ůܿ¾˳ۣѾǳˣʤ˳ۻͬ
Ͼһ·ĳ˵˵Ϯ˯ȥ
ݻʺתš
¼Ůݻʺ뵽Լʱ
òҾҲʮʱҲһɾ
ΪŮ˹˾˳۵Ůˡ
˳۶ʮֳ谮һĳ谮Ҳ࣬ڶȥǱͨﵩ
ݻʺûüԾ˳ʲô⣬ͱĶ鶳סģ˳۶ʮˣݻʺǰͲþ˳۱߹ҹ
ȣŮҪĶˣ¾ᡢӢǿ׳ֱҪģ¾¼ңҹȻŮ
ϲʺģٺλӵȨƣҲŮڷˮ
Щʵݣ翵鰮ҪҲա
.
˯һޱȵ͵֪ܵѾĿҵߵˡ
Ͻ𴲴磬ˬسȥˡ
ĸ󣬽ܾûˣȥ԰̫ɫʾ
ݻʺЦȥɣ̫ãʱǸʸùˡ
ͷЯȥ
ݻʺŽ֣΢΢ҡͷӲϲ˵Сӹ̣ܽɱǣ֣Ͳװˡ
̫ĵģȻݻʺŮĵĲһ
һٺͤУ˵㣬ܵܽݵȤ¡
̫Ӷǧݡͥ䵱ɽȵȳҲȥɽˮҲץط̰ٳͶơ
ƬϹصǳΨһ̫ӣΪİΣĸ϶ǲȥԶɽˮˣͶƻףѧΪ֮ȫµİնָøʡǹϷʳĺء
˳ŵܵܵĻϹգ̫ҲͲԾؽעƫƫʣطգôң
⣬ϱӵĻܻ治˽⣬Ⱳ׶ݰն״棬Ҳӳ¾˽⵽ΣȻϸΪܵһһ
̫ӱϾ̫ӣ͵Գ嶯ҲΪԳ͢µĹ˼
¶δҪ̳еļҵĸ̫Ӳ̳йǿĸ̫̳һ̰
ܵĿ໹ͬܣ˵ıȻܶ඼ƤǣҲõģ̫ӾˣҺûۣͬȻҪȥ͢²ľöЩ̰ٵĶӣͷȴֻɳһȺĳ
οĵܵܵļ򣺡ˣѾˣͱˣסطܻЩ⣬ٵĻƭ˾ǡߣһˣеĹԱʵʱ̬ǽһ˽ȴ۸Զûѳ͢£ǽδ˵ͱǿ°ȥˣ
˵ҧгݣһĵ˵ɫһɫûһö
̫ӸҪͷһĴ˿ٳʹɫ
ŷӦƵģԴܵܣüʣҲھʱ䣬ʻأ
̫Ҳһࡣ
ʴ͵ģ˼붼Ůˣʱ˵ĸһװܰѸʹߡ
ĸû߰Ůˣ˹Ľ㣬˼ϣֻĸֹ̫ܵ
̫Ӷ˵׸ϲʶЩĸһЩ
ڣи׽㣬иĸһ棬ֻ֣̫ϲ㡣
ûܵһСΣȻҲøãˣܱ󹬹˻꣬Ĳᣬ岻ã㻹ָһӵأý㶼ˣȻӲӲʵģ߰ʮҲʮˡ
̫͵ôܣܹҪϵġ
ͨϵĿ죬ϰǿ壬˵̫ҽʮˣܱҩ¨ɽҰĲҩ㵹ᣬ嶼ȥɼòøû̫ϵ
̫Ӿȵ㻹壿
ЦЦ˵Ļŵǿ׳дһɸߵɽȥճһұɽȻĺҲԶˡ
̫ӵԺ㸡ֳ¾ڸߴͦεӰ
̫ٿԼϸ첲ҲΣֻ࣬ģûǿĸںúö飬ϰ䷽Ҳûй档
ڣ̫ԵضϰȤΪҲǰǿ׳Ҳʮʱ䵱ɽ
ˣ¸Σ̫ӺȻʡ
룬Դ̫ҽΪκ˲ŵûʲôˣ¸Ĺ٣һǴαܺ飬ɽƽأ¸Ǳ˲ȥģԹ˲ϾΪǱɼĹٸг̣˫ȫĺжָ
̫ʶֱͦˣŰɣٹ꣬ͻɽָ˫ȫж֮һ
ñط꣬һʱ䣬ߵĹǸûطǹˡ
Թпսָˡ
ڷǹЪΣˣųƻǰסܷ
ǸΪ͵ĵԾĹ԰סҲ֡
ܷһǰӣֻǵϤĴϣȴҲ޷յСǰǵ˯
ʿȥҺˣĸĴܵܣܵҪ飬ҲкŮ
ԻعסʹԣҲὥһǶˡ
ܳþߣͬһҵģƺֻ
¼ҡ
¾뻪ԺӱãֻǾǵĳլ͵ĴլӣҲһլԺˡ
뿪ǰ¾סǰԺסں档
ڻڹ¾ڵù룬ԡ£Ժˡ
ŻѾߣһг¶һгᰡ
¶ᰲ֪ĸչʲôزˣǶԷദӡ󣬻ͣѱʱ
ҪѾ߶¶衣
°ɣź򡣡
¾վѾԵЩİİβǰѾߵ
¶᰻һۣ׻Ǹүӣͷ˳ԭöڹĵ̡
¾ۣڴϡ
ûϢȴ񿴼Աߣ־ؿ
ʱһ㶼Ը⡣
ٻζһջ¾ƽ͵


68 
عڶ, ½л׹ݽˡ
һǰֳҲǻĹĸ¾ھǡ, ǰֳ
ֳףڹҲ뾭ѵ, ݻʺŮӵеĵ䷶˽鲻ͶҪ󳼡ǿݻʺ밲ֳ̫Ը򵥵ؼ, ݻʺͽŮȥܷдλ
ֳֻȻʮ, ǹֶ, ʵϸƺýá
ܷ, ֳ󣬱Цӯӯض껪
ƲסԼ, ջյġ
ֳЦ, ôƤô, һ̽һЩСʱֵ̽ء
˹ĸһۣҲСƤЩԼĥ, ǧ˵
ֲֳ֪Ҫ˵ʲô, Ϊұ죿
Ĺĵӡ
ֳϲŪֶŮ, ἷ˼, ô, ϴιĸĸĺö, 𣿡
ͷ, ߬Ūӵô죬ʣСһء
ֳһʮСһǶ٣
һ£̫ȷصʮ߸ֲģžôࡣ
ֳ΢΢ףתٹʮĸ㣬һʮΣҲǴȥµڵһʱֶŮֶŮ
ûµʲôʱ߳ŭŹĸҸѲ㡣
ֳһҲ㲻ȥˣҲܲµֶŮСӦûǺܶġ
ͺãޣҵһοɾ;Сӳúãһͱȳ¸á

ĸеġáĳ÷
Ͻתƻ⣬ѯʹĸ
ֳ̾˿ɣ˳ٿ쿴ҲˣȥҲûôףбµĲмźĸûµһÿ˵ҾЩ棬Ȼţܿ

ĸķնѰŮӲͬ
ĸʮͷҲǻòѰӵȻ벻˹ĸۡ
أڻؾˣ׼Ҫӣٵȼꣿֳ»صԼϣһߺȲһĵǺߣĸٸһǱ
΢
νıڳ¾ϿɳŲסʮΣøߴҾˣȻǶһʱ¾ģûȥÿöá
ʣʮҲ͹õס
ͷ
ֳˣҼˣܹٸ͹ȥҪ˵Ͽֻһ꣬ǰ˸ŮֻˣŮ˻죬ŶۣҲûж࿡˻˻ȥ꺢Ҳ޸֣á
Ц
ֳۣʣ㲻ҪӣɾԸ⣿Ҫ޲㻳ϣֻĹ⣬֮λȵء
ЦЦ˵㣬ԸҲûá
ֳţûе͵ȣ
ңߣ¼ҵļҷأҺ¸ϵһĲ
ֳȻҲ˵¼ҵ£ͷȻԵרϣ㶩Ż»ܲˣҲõѡǱ絹ǲٷģϧͶ˻¡
һ漴ε˵ʲôأֻ֣⻰٩ҲͰˣɱ˵
ֳüôǼᰡ
֦ҶģĻ±ɩᣬĸ顣
ֳʲô飬ÿײϣɩһſһǷ޹ϵ
Щ⡣
ڹ誼沢ƵףһĴôأԱɩӡͺദ沢û̫˽⡣
ѵɩǱַʲôк飬ԶݵմϹϵǰҲûκγֵľֹ
ֶᵽĸ׾죬ݻʺˣ˵̫ˡˡӷ˴˿ڷǹлȥд
Զǻ׾˾ˣֱĸĸԼɩϡ
Ȼˣ̾ȥдǰɣȳˣпգȥǱߺȲ衣
ͷ߹ĸȥ˷ǹ
ĸ̫˽Ѿʮˣͷţ壬һӣӺׯأȻƣȻܿʱò
ϣǼ̹ˣĸ밡
Ƽ߽Ļ̫Цеվ
æܹס˰ͷľ̫̫ĸĸúΪƣ¼Ĳ࣬Ҳ׽λĸžѪԵϵ׺ˡ
ĸ˽ٳһԵĺ˻ĸ
ɫ޵겻ԽòˣϵŮƵġ
ЦЦĿһת˾ĸıɩϡ
һ棬һĸ˵ݣ֬ҲǷƣһ󲡡
ϵ㲣򱻹ò̵۾ִһЦԲλͷ
滪͵ȥò׻ȴСˣĹȣһֱû
ѣŻ㱼ϱӺôţֻԱɩĲû̫ϡ
ɩڰ㻹ᣬӣӻġ
ο
Ͽɬصͷ
ݻʺλĿ⵭ɨϡ
ŮڹƽʱٽӴУڸ鷽濪ϺʮͶûֶ調Ȼ⡣
Ůݻʺˡ
ֶǱ˫ȫݻʺȻϲֶӣֶֻӾֶӣʺŮ
ݼע̫ӵŮòŸҪŮҲҪڴ档
Ϊ˲ݵ̫ŮĴģݻʺһ£ĸ׾誶»¡
ĸĹǣѸϡ
ݻʺǣϲŮȴûг嶯ʲôƽƽӭȢϡ
ϧĸܰȢϣȴ޷ǿ誶飬ˣֻһΣûס
ݻʺǳǳһڡ
̫˵ڷǹ˰ʱ͸ˡ
һߣûݻʺŮ˵˵ֹЯŮϿˡ
ϿֻȻһֹ֮꣬Ժݻʺų裬ϿǰҲһֱѻѹȥܳĹ
ϧֹĸŮ̶ˣ˭Ҳû⣬ֹԥ̫ʧܣȥ˷
ֹûʲôÿģϿʱע⵽Ͽĸ߸¡
ϿߣЦԼĶӣٿɻأȥҲ˷һΪõĺϢء
ЦգҰͲһɣǽ㣬ôȵ컹ңʵҸж
ĸżǳĸһңҲ񷨵ĹǣҪչֺĿء
Ͽ˼ûʲô֣ΪڸǰֽõĹģϿﲻԸ⣬Ҳðſ
ϿȻܳ裬ӸϿȫԲһ˵ġ
Ͽ˭Ի򵥵һ仰ǡôĲ֮
ҧϻóЦжʲôѽ̫ˣСڹｿģȻҪų¸һȥƫԶ֮طɥǱĪί㱻°ȥ
˵棬Ͽֻ
ЦɥԸģܵίҴޣұøѰǵί׵Ժ󣬽Ҳٰװ׼ǹҡ
Ͽ


69 
عĵ峿, ܷ˯˳Ѿȥϳˡ
󳼷վڴ࣬С
͢һϮϺ, վĹ࣬Աߵ, ڸ׸߸ϡ
߸ʮˣͷӻףȴͦñֱʮ׸ӦҲء
͢߸϶Ǿ˳ĸ󳼣ǰ׸ְᵹһλ̰, ھ̰֮, һʹ, ϵǰ׸롱ؼˡ
йͬġСʱ, һϵģǰġС, ͢߸ڴϵķҲԽԽԡ泯͢ʵ, ʵֹ̩񰲵ı, һ߶ߵ·һΪߵ·ǶԵ, Ȼڸͷ, Լָӡ
Щ꾰˳۸̸߸ϣ͢ƾĲŸɽӮȡ˸ĵģڻ޸¾ڵʱ, ˳۱ø߸ϡ͢Ϊ׸ͷ
ϧ¼̫̫ȥ, ͢òɥ, ø߸ּ׸
͢, ĴǶſ˳ۻôѡء
˳ͨǲµ, һ񶼽εڸڸҪ˳۸뱧ųһ˯
գмҪ
ϣ˳ۿ˿վǰλϡ
߸϶Իϵͷ֪ʱϳԼ߸ϵƢˣüһһһһͦԾ˳۵Ĳ쾡µر˳
˲ҳϷƢңϵϻүʱҲûٰϳıߣʱľ˳ʲôҲָ
Ϳϣڻλˣ곯Ҳûô༬ֵ̯ˣ͢ɱΣ¼޳͢Ǹûһ㹦ĶӣȻҪؼңó͢׸
߸Ϻֻǵǻϣƿڴ
ֻϣ˳۾µĹٱݻʺ󡢳͢ɱˣ
˳۵ߺܿƵ˸߸Աߵĳ͢ϡ
ֱͬͦ͢һϮ۳ĵǫͣظĳ˳ƮݣĵҲˡ
ྰ˳ȻûƼ͢ǱߵϢȴһ㶼ûϹ
Ůдſ޳͢Σ쵱ذձܺ飬͢׳̰ܻߵĵȺյֶ
¾Ȼһ£ʵɣֺγǳ͢з
ΪŮų͢ȥݷɥˣŮ泯͢棬һӶǧӽˡ
˵ʲô˵͢Լιţ˵˻ر
˵ˣڳ͢뾩ǰ˳۾Ͱʾ׸֮λ͢˻ˣʵ۵ܲʳ԰ɣ
һ濴߸߸ǰָʹһų͢˳ۺܿ˾
˳˵߸ۻ軨Ѿûо£߸ϻ˵ʲô
˳ҪߣٸһɣŲӲͬ⣬˳۾͸ø֯ˣ
ϳߵл¡
߸Ϲڵϣȥ֣۽ǻ
͢
߸һȥվмһĳ¾ʱ߸غһ
ʵͬΪƷĹٵĳ²ڣվڵܵܳ¾ڵĶ档
߸ϵȻҲƼˣֻ֪²ƾ¿ϵ״ԪɣʵѧûжԳ²֮Աǡ
²ڲ飬źۼؿĵܡ
¾ɫµվǱߣͦɣΪҪ飬۹۱Ǳǹģ
߸һߣ˳ĵڶ£͢Ϊڸ׸
Ȼ˳ٰ͢һֻˡ
糯˳۰ѳ͢²ڡ¾ڶе鷿
Գ͢˳Ƿǳҷĵģֻܷȥ
Ѿ˶֮ĳ²ڣ˳۾ÿó²ڻλˣڴ´ӣط
¾˵Ϊ͢Գ¼˰ݼڣ˳ֺγǣ
ʮĳ¾һݻ͢ûôŶأ˳˵ϢֱӾͰѳ¾ڷŽ˽һƷָµְλǸ͢ӣ
ʱ˳۶¾ڵı±ƫˣԳ²ڣ˳۸ú࣬ڸ࣬̽ɳТڻᣬꡣ
˳۵̧֮ʮԣҲֳɵģȥһ룬²֪Ȼ
²ȴȥߵл¡ֻǳ־ϰһԩУһ壬ϳȫ֮˽ġ
˳Цˣ͢ϡֻйԱ뷽跨ģ㾹Ȼֻڴ£ѵһӶ뻻طˣ
²̧ͷӾ˳۵ڴְϣ֮Ҳ
ʱ͢ϣ鹢ֱԱͬŴ򽻵ȥ׵ͬţڴʩչ
˳۶Գ²ڵ鵱ȻҲ˽⣬֪Բ飬ͬˣǰҲйӶڸȨӣԽóܿ͢ɹ
󣬾˳ۿŮ¾ڣЦ˹޿϶ҪģԼʲô뷨
͢²ڵĶ΢΢
һϸףһǰ븸ĳ֣˶ġٳĳ¾ڲСĻش
¾ڿ˳ۣһ򣬶ԳһϲֻͨΪ
˳ۻĥ⻰˼͢תӵ͢˲żüãֵõΪڻǰڳԣ
¾ڹǹˣȴûһҪ˼Ŀᶨľ˳ۡ
˳۳͢ڰ֣ó¾ɫʣʲô
¾ڵƹܣǾ񣬳ڽ֮ԳϻְǾǶʮȥˣʩչ
˳Цˣ͢
͢ȻŭɫȻŭǶŶȥģǶʮʿǴӸѡĽ׳жղףһδرƾʲôȥǣĪҪԼݱӲĿˡ
¾ڿҶ
˳۱͢Цˣ̩ɽǰ治ɫĳ¸ϰ˳͢Ҳʶʮˣδ͢ĸֱԳ
¸ţִҲоݣֻйܽ׶ӣųԲѷ
֣˳ӣԳ͢ǶʮƹܵҲͽҲ̫ϸ޽ĸ
͢һ
̫桢涨¾Ƕʮʮʵǻʵ׾ȫɻʵƹܡֻǺĳλʵʾԼץѾǶʮĴ뾫۽ȥˣԴ˳ﻹûʵ׾ͰѳĶʮ£˱
˳ƮƮһ䣬Ƿջ׾Ȩ˼أ
ģû³Щʲô
ﲨ͢ϻǴƽģ˼Ƭ̣ش˳۵ػϣʮָзֳ̣ǶʮıȷʵҲƫдָʹԪѾѮܾãԣսǵס
ǵЩÿ궬¶һԣѡʮμһϵеıճɼΡ
Ĵδζһ
͢һѣ˳۾ˣմһӡ̣Ʃ羰˳۾ͼǲסڶļҡ
ȻԪˣλӣȥָʹɡ
˳۲˼
͢æϣʹðٲҲǾָʹƷĹְεºܾ֮
˳ۣԪѴʲôˣϽоͱԸ˻ᣬȥ԰ɣ궬µıԴȻףٸְλ
¾ԣлΣϷģһṼĺ
˳ЦЦ
¾ǳ͢ĶӣȴҲŮ
͢ӣϣֻҪ¾£˴ٹԹĻǴҲͻָ׾ˡ


70 
͢㾰˳˵, ²ڡ¾˳鷿
ﲻǽĵĵط²ʹһӻʵܵܣҲֻš
߳һξ, ¾ȶҸ˴Ĳ£Ȼȥֱס, ĸǱҸ˵һ
²ڣģͲһȻؼң׿϶л㡣
¾ڣҸûʲô˵ģˣȻҪȥʰ, ȥ֪ĸס
˵, ӿŲȥ
ٵٶǳ²׷ϵ, Ҳܵǰл, ȻΪĹ٣, ·ҲֲĲˡ
²ֻĿ͵ܵԽԽԶ
.
͢ػڸ, ʵæһ, æȻ̫̫ʦĹְ
, ͢ʱ̵̫ӡ
Ҳǳ͢ؾһε̫Ӽ档
̫ӹؾصڶѧ, ͢ٹؾصվ񣺡Ӽ
͢¶ο, ֻù̫ӱԼСʱ¶ˡ
͢ĸ, ǰʱլ, ûԼܡھȶ, Ҳһܰм˵ĴլӰĸ޶ֵܶӹʱ, ˣֻĸո꣬ν̵̫ʱС̫ͬ꣬ԣ͢ϰߵؽСʱĵı̫Աȡ
͢ʼվãĸӣãСС;ͿԸߣС׵Խ̵綼źشʧ˼ꡣ
ҲΪˣ͢һֱţõ̵ָģһΪǸ
͢ûעǰϵĸȫעϣ
ôϵԽ̵ɵӸϻ֪жȣž˵ȹֿɵãѶȣƫƫһǣԽԽ飬ǽߣ˿ҲûãǷǽ깷ȥ첻ھͲϹң
͢Ҫ£ϻؼһҪᣬҲ簮Ĳϸһ̣ܽû취ֻܷ֣͢ϰȥˡ
Ĵʦܻլû꣬͢ʼ̫ӵʦ
һοС̫ӣ͢·𿴵˸սġ
һ̣͢ģһҪ̺̫ӣһ̫ӱɵڶġ
ʱ̫ӱıҲ̵֤ķʽ⣬ѱڤ粻飡
󣬳͢ӣѯ̫ӹεĽȡ
ϾǾñط̫꣬ӿ͢Ҳʣһһش
ڿҪ¹֪£ʦϵǢ¿ʱ͢Ӵóװ飬Цº͵ض̫ӵǳʱһ飬Ϊۼͼ˵͸£ϣϲ
̫߹ӹ飬һߵĴ̫һ
ſţ̫ӵ۾
͢տʼÿջΪ½һ
̫ӺܸˣһҲˣʣ˵ʱмҵ̫ҽҽβתΣΪ֪ڿȫˣ
͢ǵЦ΢΢ӲҺñӵסˣ͵¹޴󰭡
̫ӣǾͺãǧҪϧ壬ڸ»ָΪʷǡ
͢ףȥ
̫Ϣһȥ˰ʱΣȻʹᡶۼͼ˵ȥܷҽ㡣
ʢʱڣܵһ·ͷ󺹣СҲΪ˵ģȽгơ¶ˮ̵ܾܵ档
̫ϴʱ˷ܴܵ顣
סۼͼ˵ϱͼҲǵܵùģڵܵ԰֮ǰ֪ɥʱ顣
ۼͼ˵ϲ㼯ǰʷʮλİʮһ¼²˶ʮλʮС
ôʼ׶˼Ϊÿ¼һżͼȤ
ܵܡʶϲ飬˾ΪӡˢҲղһס
㣬¸ϸ㿴ⲿ𣿡
ʰɾˣ̫Աߣ˷ܵصϲЩͼȫֵȤˡ
Ц˸ר͸ܵܵģһ
̫Ӷµõﰮ֡
ŵܵһ𿴣Щĵӻ񣬻ǰ²ڡТ͵ĺֻƼϵīҲ֪λֵǴá
̫ӵǾ֣͢˳ŽĻʣû
ǰ͢
Ͳˣ¸ϸǼֵܴʮ𣬼㲻Ϊ
̫ˣٿ飬Ƶĵ֪˶á
ҲһҪģҲǸˣǵطʪʪģ¼ҵҲû޵дʱҪõʱץд㷢û㶬дļر̣ǿɲҹ͵ʵֶҪˡ
̫ͬ㣬ȻԺ͸ֳ͢һ߳ĺһߵͷĻ档
͢Ȼͦõġ
Ȼܵܺ飬ЦԺٿȥĸǱ÷ɡ
̫ӱְﱧȥ˷ǹ
˳Ҳڣǰӳ͢￴ˣ̫ϲҲܸˡ
ʵ۵Ķӱ޲ҪʵЩˣĸʵ۶ζƩ羰˳ۣ֪ᱻտ佱糯ÿ۶ҪԼģ󹬣һ㶼˵˳ȻȴϣܳɳΪһǶӣ
Ĺ飬˳۶Ů޼Žв²˴ָʹĲ£˵Ҫ
ݻʺŮӲף˳ۻ˴׵
¶ȵģ
ʵϱǴݻؾ󣬳¾Ҳȥ˴
ʱǷ޸鲻ͣ¾ڴ󲿷ʱ䶼סڴֻÿµǷڣ¾ڲŻس¼ҾסʱҴҹȥڶ¸ʼݱԥ췴¾ڸȥѹһȥء
Ȼ֣ܻЩÿֻҪ뵽¾ڵӢţᡢԼһ˿˿ڡ
Ϊʲôϱûжһ㣿
˻ٻй¶һ˿
̫ˣʣǲǵҲףҲŶˣ

ܵܵĲ²ⶺЦˣʡĸҲ˳ƿЦһôһ㡣
˳ۣ򵥣ÿѡʿ޴ӳʵı⹴ѡʱɫʮдްаһѣòǰҲڵס
ЦʶŮãֻŮɲʤ֮䣬ƢҲͬôˣȻҸ£ȥˣͷһ˵ҲԼ޹ء
˳ۣƾı֣޶ĵġ
ݻʺ̾ϣʧɣ̫ˣһ㶼ס
ĬĬؼвˡ
¾ڲǳסĲڽ԰׷ð˳ЦգҲΪ͢Щʵ¡
ӭôֻ˿г¸ϵӡȹһ޳ɣ
һͷʯͷӲ
.
ڹסС£¶ʮŵϣȥ˴֪¾Ҫˣó¾ڼǵýʡĸ밲˳س¼ҡ
ҲԼȥҪó¾ӣŷǡ
ϵʱ¾Ű䳡ϲʿ
͢˵ǶʮʿǴӸؾѡĽ׳жϲٲĲ棬ЩʿĵӶڣ۹ȥ˸󣬶ӽ£ûйԱūʿȥԺҲ㣬ֻһЩʿͷ
¾ڲȥ˽ǰָʹΪи£ˣҪһһȥЩʿ
ʮյĵ̣ЩżЩȨݵĴͷѾүʰʵˣһ
գʿ¾ǰֻۣһӣ¶򣬺䤱
һ湫ֵطֱѡ
ʿǶ֪ǹˣûһӡ
¾ڴеʿ߳ñӳһȭʿŽ׸󣬳ȥ
ǧ׳ʿǧཫʿǰ¾ȻȺ
ĺӢӻ䣬ǽ˶šݵҲǺܡ
޷ദĵж
¾ͣ½ŲĿѯʵؿ΢΢Цŵū澷֮˵Ҫظˣһȥϡ밲
¾ޱصͷ֪ˣת湫ҽسǡ
Ҳûбˣͷˡ
¾ڼȥѲʿ
һʿͻȻ󾱷֣ܲ͵͵һ£һ̧ۣͼү
ʿɿүıӡ
үʱүȻµ߿ˣ


71 
ʮؾ, ӴǣҪһʱ
һĨϦΡصĳǽڵͶһƬȻӰ
ǰһ, ǰճҪسǵİգԶ·̶, ǾǣԶǳط
¾ϣĬĬڶ
ԱߣСֹݣүָʹ, ĸǰк, αɵȡ
ʵӻеڸ׸׶ӵĵ, ͬ, ֻǸ֪ӸүӲԸʶûᡣ
¾бһۣӵǲС, ƽʱǲûЩҫ
Դһ, ּűĸ, Ҳûлᰡ
¾ڣʵ, ȥ߹ص
æ֤Լһʵʵġ
˵
¾Ȼһ, 䣬ƱĿʹöǰ˳ֻܿһӰ, ǰȴܿ¾Ӣ, һ, λ̽׵ĹټСѾߵ, ̲סҲںС͵͵¾ڡ
, һĸĹӣûףС㵹䡣
Ҫ˵ʶˡ
⻹򵥣òԶȻҽиСŶȻ֪ˡ
ܿ죬ֵˣȥһСȴŲԴ󿴡
һ¾ڡ߾
СҲعȥԼС㣺С㣬ˣسǾүλӽү
еСѾߣ
ѹǶúãԭǹӾȻĳλķ
.
¸
ֵʱ䵽˺󣬳͢ڸһʱ߳ųĹ߳ʳǣԼҵظ
Ҳˣ߸³ͿӿڹչƥͷϵĲԼ˭
͢صغһ
ԴĵһָʹĲ£͢Ӻú̸һ̸أĵͰȥʮնûؼһˣЩӣĶ﷢ѿˣ
һ˦䣬͢Ƚȥˡ
ʹ˼լԺľ룬Ǹܵүݵĺ⣬˸¡
¾ڵɫ糣
˼ǰǣƥȥǣ¾ҪǱߣſڵĹЦŵϷ˲µˣȥϸոҲ˵ͬĻ
¾ڶ˶٣լȥ
ǿ׳үų̺ܿ죬ߵߵȣͼүӲŸոտݣĸվԱ˵Ż
ҪɷٵһȣĻһһԷȻû˵꣬ĵӰͳǰ
ϸһЦɷˣȥϴϴְɣϽгڷ
͢
ڸæһ죬ò׻ؼңǵýĵʱܳԿȺ
ӱˣʱʱʱ̰̿ڵһλĶȲˣ
͢ˡ
ѾЦкˡ
¾ڣûԣΪ˵ң
ϣ㣿㻹ΪԼö࿡ǰɣʱΪ˵˳㡣
Ҫȥμϴֵĳֺ͢˺ߡ
¾ڣô֪ҽ
ϣϢˣ˵ظһ϶Ҷһ˽⣬ﶼԲ£Լϱǿ϶Ҫϡġ
¾ڣ
ͬƵμ䣬үϴ־档
ϴֻһͭ裬͢ȴʪӲˮϴӣȻ֡
һҪˮ¾Ҳñùˮ
͢һڡ
ϵɶӣ⻰綼˵㻹ǰװˣСʱ˭Qţ˵ˣڸţжٻңǰȫϴһҲϴˮɾ
¾ָؿүӵ󣺡ţϸٲһ
͢
գգ۾ͷɷ򣺡Ҳǣֺ˰ۣ̫ҽɲھǡ
͢½ӣȥݡ
ϺѾ»ˮ¾ſϴ֡
ϣϲͣظӼŲˣʮͷСӣ٣һ׶
͢µӳ극˳ɾҪܣɴڷȻѾ˴ָʹһһص£ܰıǿ˵㻹мֱ£вɽɵôߣͷָĹְ
ݶı֣͢ŶܰѴãµǴǿ󣬶Ӳ֪ߵغҪȥѰ֮ء
ûֵķӣĶҲУƸζָʹѾǸˡ
ϴͺܲס¾߱ȥһĲŸᣬϴסˡ
˫ҫҲΣգϡ͢ں
ڸˣȽ˹ˣ͢ͲţϴڴҲûϵ͢޲ſãϴȻԳı£뿿׽ڸ
ӣϴĻҲ˵ȫֻ֣ļȲָ㣬ǳ嶯ðͷ⧲
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գ͢ȻĽ
¾ڵͷԷ
û죬͢͵ȥˣٿӽ΢΢ɹڵӣ̲͢סʣȵطܶ塢ѫ֮ңȥ֮Щ˿ɶԸģ
¾ڣǸ϶ӻʵŮ˭ҲǻؼҸ״ҲֻǱš
͢ҲµˣȨӵܣгϢĶ˿ƾ֮·ϰһչپҪְֻЩѧӵܣ˲Ż취ôһٺ»ֺܱеǿ
µӣµСˣе˱ģܻѰȻǻϵŮԼ˴סҲ޷Ȼά㣬ԻҪСˣҪٺЩˣ˸ġ
뵽Щӵܵɣ͢
˵һֱĬĬţʱɵصͷɷȰ䡣
¾Ҳ֪ӦˣǷˡ
뿪ضɷ쵹ǹˣȻûжѵӣ˵
͢ѵҸ͸¿ӾߣʮµĲؼңĻᶼûУҿɲֱͱһȫҡ
Цİɣһ϶ܣʲôʱ̶ӶС
͢򴽡
̰ɫֻί˹ȴҪĴҰ֮ˣ
.
á
¾ڻںԺЪġ
ҪѾҹ¶᰽˯רŸЩѾסСԺ
˯һݣµʱⲻ˵ЩĻ
ǵģҪˣҲˣѵһ㶼Ժ
˵׼Ҳݵʱ򣬹öء
ҲţҴûôһˣֹϿֻǲѡ
ϧҲڹȻǻԸǴ
ˣ칫ͻˣҺ빫ϧϼҵլ̫СˣܰǶϡ
һżĴѾ߶ʧˡ
¾ҲڴϷ˺üǿ˯š
ϣ¾緹ʰʰˡ
˳һĿڶڷǹ
̫Ӳ̫ˣΪβڹסһʱգ
סأÿ䣬ֻô㹦ңҳȥסջȥ䡣
̫Ӷʱ¶Ľ顣
Ц컹ȣˣһ졣
˵꣬ѯؿ򸸻ĸ
˳Ҳݻʺڹ̫ܽһϣҲݻʺġ
ݻʺüҪڣܵ䶼ù͵һΰɣһǣٴУʲôĵģ
ݻʺŮŮ뾩࣬˼ʶҲԽԽˣǰŮɴι̶ܽӡ
뵽¶ȷʵܶ£ݻʺڵͷ
̫ӱˣʮ꣬ż游ĸһûвڶϵļල³ȥ
ӣҲԽˣֻ޲ϰѳӶ
¾ڸ·̫ʱľôһˣ˳ۡݻʺĿͰ̫˷ȸԾشɫȻҲһ˿ЦֿͿЦ޼ǡ
Ҳûʲôϡģڴϣκʱ򣬻ǰǹ̬
¾θۺ̫
˳ЦˣڹסôãͻȥɣȻˡ
¾ڣ
̣С֣
ôãǵһлЩĳСֻ


72 
Ǭ幬ʳ⻹һκܳĹ·Ҫߡ
µ׵ʱ, ţ˳᲻ýεεĹŮɹۣǰ׼˲
, ˸ȳ٣Լ߾ǣ
ȻҲԼĸʿ, Ǭ幬˲
ĸС̫ǰ̧С̫һһҵؾƵĴɡȷһɹıѩ
¾ھͱЩ̫˼֮⣬󡢳ơµһš
ﵽ̫ࡢŮҪע̬, ҲԴȥ¾ڻ˵, ֻƵҡȡ
¾Ŀǰ, żῴϵӰӡ
ʹϸĵط, ⹬ﳤĽ֦Ҷ
ʱĹӾ͹ˣ, رǴʱ˿, úܽ, мȴ·һԿԽĺ蹵ȴݵǵǧ·ҪԶ
˿ʮ͵Ů, û˯ŮҲһ, ¾ȴûĥЩҪô䣬Ҫôɽ, Ҫôڽ￴ε, ҪôͷӡǶ
˭, ʲôû, ϡѹĹ˹
ʲôǧĺ蹵, ҹһŰβ͸ʵʵضˣ£˱ܲɷ֡
¾̹ȻĲԱߣ̹Ȼؽ·̫͵͵Ĵ
ʳ⣬ĹѾǰͣ
С̫ȵط²ơСطŹ
󣺡Ȼعɣһᴫ㡣
õĹ޶ԼĹѡı߾ס
ϱӻʱĸϣסڳլ֪ĸ볹£ӵܵܣ޶ˣȻҲԸϣֱ¾սŰȥ˹ֻżس¼̽һ¶ϣҲҹ
Ⱳӣ϶Ҫعסģʲôʱᣬûã֮ڡ
ǡ
ڳԣŹҲȥٱõ·ߡ
ڡ
ٿ¾ڴ𵶵ԱһҲԵխ
ܸܵɢĶڽ˶жȣεĻ棬ŽΧ
ҡҡӡ
¾ֻĬĬԱߡ
ƳһۣԸ
һΣ漴ȵسǰȥ
ƵᣬЩģôû¾
һյĹˣ¾ڻɮ붨˿㰴಻סɻƫͷȥ
Ҳˣͷ¾Ҳ˹ڳֱֱض۾
һңĸоˣ΢΢üô˵ƽʱУĪڹʱգʲôˣ
¾ڿüۣٿ촽ڵ̫ûùİ˵ð

ζôôϤأ
˹ȥ
¾ںȻЦˣҲ죬Ҫϡ
ۼֿ죬ȱֱȣҡ
¼ھǵĴլǹڸʱ͵ģʳǺܽһ͵طˣ㲻»ʱȹҲ͵ĺۼ
¾̧ûʲôӨ׵Ⱦһ㱡죬ֻ÷ͷʵʵԼߡ
ƽҲûôˡ
Ӷȥó¾ȣؾ·ϣֻҪ¾ڳӾĲ¡
¾ڲţһȷ磬һʣ⹫ģôô
ĻһӾͱˣˣ
¾ڣưģף
ǡСʱʶ£̡̣̱£ף
¾ڣȻֱӽ¾ǣʲôӡ

һȻתȥٸ˷ֱ⾳š
¾ĬĬڿǶ֣ûǼëȫĶŤģʵڲ֪˳һôеóڡ
ҸĹ¾Եõص
죡
¾ЦЦ
˳¼ңȥüĸԼڼҵĹ
ڹʱ͵ܵܵˣܵܺϲ͸׷ˡ
֮󣬻ЦŶԹ
͢ǫʱùЦˡ
֪飬Ӳ̫ף򵥵ؽһ顣
¾һ㶼ĽС̫ӣ˭ͷӵѧ˭ùٺãҲֻһʱͷܿͻᱻͷӱ˪Ƶ㶾ƵĻŪûζ
ڴ΢ͻá
ˣ
¶ˣڿӰѾ߼ܹ¶˫ۺᣬһЦһ߲۾
¾ԱţѾ߿ʱһƵģǼҲѰĹټС㡣
Ƚȥˣɡ
ҲԼѾߣϾĸֱѾ߶Ǹһ𳤴ģСʱ飬˲ų˵֡
˸߲ҵģ·ֻȸӵһֻˣ¾ֵȣȻƽȥ
ֻһ仰Ĺ򣬳ƾͳˣġ
һͲµôˣ¶Сʣʲô
Ƴ۹ҡҡͷȥ˿ⷿ
ݴų¼һͻˣ¶᰽õʰ˳ڿⷿŹҪʲôȥȡ
Ƹ¶ҪߵĿⷿԿף첽˿ⷿ
ܿҵǸŷעԲ𿪵Сӣ򿪣ֻϤޱȵ룬רʢװǶľϻ
ȷ϶ûбƱСȥϷٴңޱȵһ
ֱ繫һЪˣơ²л¶͸¶ݵҪǽĹϵչ
¶ɴ۾ſ졣
ô˵Ѿˣ
ƶ˶٣Ҳ㲻ãʱǺģǰɣ
֤ؿ¡
µͷԣóǻᳳֻϡ
Ȼ˼˵ȥ
¶᰻أ˵һͲ˵ˣʱһһҵػý
ó˵˺ƨɣҲڳڡ
˺ˣ¶ҹأһʲôˡ
.
¾ڲ֪ЩѾʲôҲں
ȵԵʣЪΣ¾ȥԿ˿ָУѾˡ
ȥҵţٰһĴϣﱸһˮ¾ڴʪӣȲ
Ҳ˯òˣԺһЩˮ۾͸봹ıɴĵʵ磬¾վϴԡ
Ǹ˯ѻ㶫ڣ߶ģ۾ٿȷˣ¾ûѣ
ʲôѾԲ
ֻһͷϵˣĻһ۾װʲô֪
ûã⴫ĽŲ̶̶
¾ɴ߽Ϳڴϣ˯ͦ㣬ֻһƬ죬·˾ơ
¾ЦЦ˯Ĺתƽɣٸ¡
װ˺ܾúܾãֱ̲ס
¾̧ͷȻ۾ֻǳĽëѾ˳ǼҲһϸϸĺ顣
һƵľ£䣬һֲߵĳչĶ
ֺ
¾ЦࣺڿˣСڣ
ҧ졣
¾ץסڰգʲôӵӣСںԵٲŮҲǸǿ
ա
»һҹ¾ںʱеľڡСڡڣһܽ߰
Ȼ˼ҵТôڵģȴֻŻڿɾ۸г޲Ҫ
¾ھϲô
ͷȼ֮˸֡
ھڣľڣ


73 
á
бȻҫ, ȣԺĻݲݶģżԾеȸҲӰ
ΨҲϵشеɤ, ȴֱƽʱ˺öཿġ
Ѿѹˣ, ֻǿ׳ǿƵ޷ơ
ǸսЪεʱĸѾΪñط꣬˿ϣ˸߲ҵ˽
ýĵ, ϷĶȻƮˡ
ơȺ
¶㶲ŷӦ
, ʲôЪ, , Ȼȥˡ
Ƽææųվһڹʰ, , ҹǱ˵Ҫʱ, ǲûȥЪΣѵҪǽǣһ˵ʱ͵͵ҲͰ, Ҿһ, ôôΡ
ҲôģѸٸȥ
ûӰˣ¶Сߵʲô, ֲû
һȥǰ, Ҳ߶ɹ˿µ», Ȼ, ܲסƤ, ÿҪôصġ
ᰣǣһյ蹦£𣿡
ܵȻ͸ոմӽǿ˵ϢȻܺ湫֮ôеת
ҪǲܣǾͲҲˡ¶Ǻ
ᰣĪǻѼ飿ϷԺСѾ˵Ǳ߷ˮš
ѾһһģûϷǵ㶯£ֱǶ˺ܾúܾá
֪ǳ¶Ȳģǳᰣ֮ĳһʱ̣Ƕ˵ؿű˴ˡ
ţ¶ĶˣͼΣȷʵ˵㣬ǰɲôá
ںţҲŹ
¶ң
ûп㵽Զһ˿ϣſȥ˯ˣźˣҡ
¶
.
ûôɹˣ¾Ҳβʹɴᣣһп˳
ȥɾˮϴ飬Ȼۻңţá
֣¾ߵǰһòһò룬˰βڡ
ոջһ˿ڴˣһˮ£ͬɫĿ籿㣬ͷϡȣûٸǱӣ֬¶棬Ҳ¶ϸϸװ׵Сȣһ˫Сչ¶š
Ķףֻһģձһëëϸĵ
ų¾Ա£ʵڿڿʣԼ
¾ڵǿ׳ڷ棬ֻ˵ڣǹɾлԼŮǰӯĴ
ŽëССڵغιߵˮ
Ҳǳ¾˵ģղ÷ִ磬Ҫôι̫ǺҪôι̫ĵɣ¾Ѿǳˣ˼ںҪЪһ
һܰѻź΢޿޵ˣ⹫
Цʲôע⵽𣬳¾ʣˮȳˣ
̧۾ʪӴЦ⣺Ц㣬Ҫҵˣźôã᲻뿪ңԸһźҴҲ㡣
¾ãȴ᲻á

ˮˡ
ɻشϣ¾ʣ˯ǽѾǱˮ
ˮɡ
Ȼܲ˷ųһҪϴɾġ
¾ڱ㷭Ѿǵҡ˼ҡ
ܿ죬ܹĽŲͣǰȺԸ
¾ȥˮ򵥵ĽӲʹۡ
ȥǰԺţ÷ʱٹվǰŴϵ
ڲݷɥʱˣһ˶£˾ǣͷ׸ֵҲְʱ˵ţֵ֮ҲҪ£ҪʱӦԵ׼Ҳ̫УĸɩǣҲеŰͽ
ĵӦ
¾ڱȥˡ
ᰡ¶ԸСѾȥˮǲȥ̧ˮĴֻģڴμŽȥź
үʱʶȥͼүһϮԲͦΣӢȻǰ䵭˿ûһóǰҫ̬ǵƵǸү
үӰײˣѾһֱˮǱ̧ˮ
عæȥź
ȷֱһߵɴᣣ¶żֵϿȥ
Уǰÿүޣŭ
Ȼ󣬳¶Ϳһĵ棬м룬üۼ泩뻶䡣
ǽüʱЦ̫ӶˣЦЦǿĵġ
ʱ۾ֽҲЩΡ
¾ЩơϰΪͼ滥඼£˴˴ݡ
¶᰺ܿҲͻϰߵģҪӦǣ
̧֡
¶æչȵط
ȴע⵽һͨͨİɫ£ɫʽ֪үġ
ŷ»ѹš
¾壬ͭһ㣬һ㣬жá
ֻǵҲûҪѾǽͣڴ˻˫Ȳٷȥԡԡˡ
ʰ¶ȥź
Ҫô˵ǴѾأӵֲͬЩҲ˵
¶ڵϣһŽù֬ļһСʣ֣ǲǱȵöˣ
аɣǵø˵һҪЩǰǰü۵ˡ
ȻҲǰЩѾǶԳ¾ʧΪѾǶǿɫ£¾ڵʱѾ¾ںɫ൱ڱ
¶ࣺѽĻˣ֪ջǶÿһЩġ
һ㲻ԣʣмѵסģ
¶ɲǣһڣȻԺ˯ǲȥأΪ̫ǿǲûҿڡΪһԸΪޣдʱɫҲ̫ÿĲ֪Ѿ谮ˣòǺǰɣ
ǸŹڹסôã˵ĸóڻ϶߰ŪǷǣڳ¶ͺүŵóͷЩѾߡ

Գ¾ڣԶԶ㲻ϳ谮ɣϱӺһѡ
谮񸸻ʶĸС꺮ůҲԸĸģȻкܶ谮ֻǰѴͷĸѡ
İɣûôСۣҲΪ˵ʲôͳͷǡ
ȰοԼĴѾߡ
¶˿
ĥ¾ʮնûؼ¡
ϱؾڹסһ£ĸ󼸷ߴŲ鲻Ըػ˳¼ң¾ڽظڸס˵æֻʱ
²⣬¾ΪܲҲ˦ɫϾİǴûб
ⱲӣҹǢˣ¾ڻҪס˵ϱӻæ񹫵ǰһϣæﶼˡ
ɫδ¾ڱ˺Ժ
Ժֻ峿ס
¾ȻȻԱߣϵĹϹӣԼһڣһƬι
¶᰼ˣԽүڹߵµλ
ѾʶȤرܿˡ
¾ڣʣ˵æûؼң
¾ڿʲôæģҪ˯ҲϢϢֻ㲻ڣҺα˷һʱܻ
ԣԺϻ
¾ڳԿڹϹ˼㲻ҪһЪһҪЪӣһ˯
һҲۣ׷ѹ

ʲôʲôĹһմߣǹԣ̰Ҳںû⣬ͳͷ


74 
Թ, Ҳ˿ˡ
ԺתȦתȻ԰ڱ, ȴûȻ
¾ûɢʳ˹, ӹӰȷ硣
Ǵҹϲȣ¾ܲ˳֣˵˸ȣǸ졣
֪˵ּ֣̫һѣ̫, ôܻá
бһۣ۾ͽѾǹ
¾û, ģҶ˴², ͷӺܲ, ѵһ٣үΪ, ô룿
˳۳ͦƵ, Ҫʲôʹ, ¾Ҳûֱ̫࣬Ӱﻰ˵ˡ
ĲڽרΪЧ, ɵĶǴ̽ϢѲ鼩Ĳ, ҽָʹ֪ǻʵŮֻЩв۱Թ¾ڲϽ, ԰׷й, Ͻ, ǱϾǽ, ػоͼȨ, ȥ˳ǰ˵˵
¾ڸȥʱϰ䣬һǹͷӶŸɣҲʷϽĽӢۡ
ʱ룬˳۴ӦˣóԸٺò˳۲ӦǾˣҲûʧ
û뵽ͷӴӵ۾˳ۺƢӦˡ
¾֪֮˳۲ǶʶչŮ
Ȣˣ¾ûռˣȷʵܶ˳۶ƫݡ
ȻˣЩ³¾Ҳ˼
һۣʣҲǸ׵̬ȣ羯ڸǰҪУ㻹ʿǸ𣿡
¾룬ڻǻῪڣֻǻίЩϣϰҵȥСӵײ㿪ʼ
СɲʲôʱؼҾʲôʱؼˡ
¾ڣҲڽǿ
ÿɷ
¾ڣô᲻ҳʱ䲻ң
̶ʮղԽԽˡ
¾ЦŰȷ硣
˺ߣңҵֻҪסִ磬ֵ̫Ҫ󣬸ʶӦ㣬ҲùܣѵѵҲеûƽʱ㻹ҪעЩ
¾ڣ΢̻塣
һģȴڹǰѱסЦǰôûô£
ϿЩҲڻԴ
¾ڿҪһÿҶˡ

ǡɫҲ¾ڷǰСȣȥҡ
.
ϣ˯ѵʱ򣬴ⶼˡ
֣סңҺǹȥĸﳿ趨ʡ
ʱߵģʽźѾǡ
Ҳֻҹĳ¶֪żîʱһ̰ɣҲŵĶѵģҳȥʱˡ֪Ҫ𵱲Ԥ緹Ҳûã˵ҪȥԣгҲ׼
ǵľ룬¾һ͵һʱٳϵӲɡ
ôһ룬¼Ҹˣ۵·ϵ࣬ǳ¾ۡ
Ż룬˵Ϊǵˣ˸һʱܱഺפδܼ֡
ʣȶˣ¾·ϱʱɶǺڵģ
˿ɼ¾ָܼؼһˣҲ־ᶨˣ
һ˳緹ȥĸкȥ˰ֳ
ĺôжˣȥȥġ
ֳûϵֶŮųˣ߸˵ӭ˻š
ȻҲǿֵţΪĸԤ
ֳЩкϡģТĸͰǸͳסǽܼŰɣ

ܼԸ⣬Ҳ޷ԼڣҹĸԼѡ׿ԣߵǣȥֶһˡ
ŵģĸ˵˵ءŻȥɫֳЦû֦Ҳ
˿漴ֵٿЦԺҲˡ
ֳæ˺ֶŮƲȥˮ
ʮ輧ŵɴȹ裬ĿĻ棬˵ˣŮͬϲ
Ҫˣϲĸ棬ϧԼҲ棬ÿĸĸͶᶺ̫ã˻Ҳڹĸѡ˸˻졣
ص¼ңֱӻá
үˡ
սԺӣڼĳ¶ᰱӭ˵Ϣӡ
Ųһ٣Ժֳ︡ɿС
ϱӳ¼Щֶֻ˻׽Դɵ˶̫ģⱲӿøƽ׽ˣݵʱ򣬴ɡɡҲ棬кӱһЩ顣
ȻɲˣҲݣֱۺȥˡ
ֵܵԺúܽû̫ãֻȣۺõʱϻǸ˺Ρ
ôȵ죬ôˣҴææӭ˳
ʱ˻ѧö顣
ɫһһʣ˵ɲˣпˣ
Цˣ˵ûд󰭣߱ϲѧһ
˵䣬Ѿ˴ɵӡ
ɲ꣬ĸҪԹڱˣֻµأʧ

кģΪ⸱ѿ
Ͽ˳²Ӱӣò²ڣüۼľִٽŸ㼸һģһ
ȡ
ͨŮӸû뵽˴󷽷ģǴɼ̳еľ
иСĵܵܣко飬ûǺñ𣬻ǲСĳԴ˶
ɴϿ˵һ²⡣
ɻã⺢ƺ¡
뿪ɵķ󣬻зִɵ̾εʳ϶û⣬ƻ踸׽ȥ鷿鹦Σɻʱ޾ɵģʲô˵˸ң˵鱳ˣ˸׵ѵ⡣
סˡ
ͷڵңûдүôǳ׶ߣʧҲӦõġ
ܾû㱰ģˣĪһȲ˵ɾϲֲߣΪʲôˣͬĸĸǰ츳ˣ¶үŶûϣ޷ӸвͬɩԷƱҶ˵Щǰ˵ˡ
ô˵ǲĺ漴Ϊ¹ףͰ͵صĪңҶǵõģֻǿżϰߵؾô˵ˡ
ףɽ׸ıƣ¾ǰţþİˡ
ȥʹôѵɵģȻѺųϧ㵱ʱڳ˵
ûã¿λˡ
ȥչ˴ɣ˵
˺ԼĵܵܣСԹ游̫ˣһͣԴǶһֶҪ۾ǰһǰż٣һ뵽游ҲڼǾͺ޲ȥգ游źá

ºĹںǰȻ
ǰҲȥܵڿΣеĹڣܵܵĴʱҲǫ͡
ܵθԹ̫û̫ȥΪǵܵСԣִ˵ĻСʱҲĸϰֵ״ء
ڣҲԹѧĿôɶѵˣ
Ѳɣֻеڳʱ򣬲Żɫ
˵ģŮҲһЩ
磬ĥ¡
Ǹ׸Ǹ
ô겻ģ
ſӰζûСʵĪˣ

˳һۣרĳԷ
ʱǰԺȻһ󶯾С˺ˡ
ȻԸѾԸȥ̽Ϣ
ûã۷Цŵȷʵˣ˱ˮҪԡء


75 
¾ڻص, ȽСͰˮȥ֪Ԥ
Ƚݣץ, ȫȵһβʣ
վſĨһĨһʿˮ, ͬʱش
һʱϵˣߵͷۻ˫ȷȥӻˣ綼ݻˣ
ûԷأϳʱ˵˽ס, ʿǸսɢ, ĥʲô, ӱԸȥǣ, ˵Ҫسǣ
һ㶼ӻΪ˹, ܵ, ·ϳԻ, ôҲûС
¾ڷ²룬ͷƼͷ, 뵽ǰԼ
, ô󽲾ˣֻ
ȥЪŰɣﲻˡ
Ƴ۸Ŷӵ, ¾ڰǿص
Ѿ˲ô, Ҳ, ת˷Ǳܡ
Сˮ, ͽҡ
¾ڶҲϴˮ, ʱڣϴϴͷͰˮùˣҲˬˡ
·¾ȥ˺ԺϣͿϵӰԱ߰СϹˮӦоУơСϣһͷһȡ
¾ߡ
ơ¿յɫĬطӣͷ¡
¾˳ǰСӣȥӣѾ䵽˻ϡ
Ƴųͷֵ˵˽
¾ڣųұؿշ»ϡ֪֡
ô˵ʲô
¾ڣⲻϸ̫һζݣų¾ڵ£⸱ӴžҪɢܡ
˵ˣ±ҲҪƵģ֪ʾǸӣһôæҲɷǵģ۸ʣӺݣЩ飬񲻼ã׻˵ʱǱŮɫͿ塣
㶼¹ˣܵʲô¾ڲص
ˣ˵ϸյѧûãݺһ
¾üô˵
ûд󰭣˲ֻ˵˼ɿǱŵˡ
մɱѵ¡
¾ЦǴĶӣҹܲţҲϡȥָֻţ˺ӣͷ游ס
ʱı飬ᵽҲˡ
ҪʣƳˣǷ빫µСֱ̫࣬һ̡
Գ¾ڵȥԷɡ
¾ȷʵܶˣҲ̵سԣ뿪ȥݡ
ʵͶݣ¾ڿһۣϱߵλãԡ
ϡأԼҡȣ߽䵭ϼ
¾ںܿꡣ
ѾƵңѾԡˣϴϴϴϴţڴ¡
βڰһһ棬ɢ˿˿Ƶ
ˣ¾ڻ£¶һ˶ţ½ʵ
һ۱۾·ϡ
¾ڿѹ

¾ڣ׻ˣ
ԼµڣΪ磬Ͽԣ²С
ɲһȻҪ鷳
¾ֻ졣
һ˫أոû˵ֲԽ硣
Ĺڻһ˯ǿ
ĥҲĥ˺ܾúܾãֱ촽Щˣ¾ڲڿͣ
ܿʣһˮ»˹Ƶġ
ó¾ȥŲʱסԼⴲӣҪμ
¾ڲ⣬Ϩ£׼˯ˡ
ﻹ£Ǳߵݵʱһĸ˵Сʱ򲻰飬ΪԼߵ˶ϲǱȽϣ
¾ƫƫͷô뵽
ɵ£еСʱʲô
¾ڣҿɱȴɴˡ
ҿǸ֪ǫѷָôд
¾ڣ㿴㣬Ҫʣֲ˵ģǻʲô˯ɡ
УȻôô¸Ǳȣ
¾ڣ˭˵ˣҲ飬һϵûУǲ뿴ͷӴӵ۾״ԪǴѧʿṦҵҪϰ䣬ôָҡ
ǲʱ򣬸׶Ҳ
¾ڳĬ
ĪͰڴϵĴɣŵʣѵҲŲ
¾ܲûС
ȴɴҲȴɵʱеͷӣɵ߰꣬¾ھͲˣǺޡᣬ뿴ͷӰͷѵˡͷӽȥ鷿ȥ԰ܣٶҲץסһƼܵɽϣĸһ£ͷӣͷҲ޿κˡ
Ҳʲôֵý£¾ȻߵĹ
ֻǲҲԹĻ㵱ңΪҪģ
Ҳǻ¾ڶٻЭˣҲóڣɫһģ¾ھȢˣҲϸȥź򣬹ҪޣҲϡ

šһ£ҽ׵ôİɡ
¾ںɵؿȷϾǴ̫Сͷûȷͷǲͷˣ
𣿡
¾ڣǰߣ˵ǺߣһԸ㽲
ǰĳЩ˵Թݼʲôģε׼ɵҲǵܵܵЩͬؽ̵ܵܡ
¾ڶ˶٣ң
̵ӣ·쾭壬ôĻͷôԴǣӵĶúԹԵš
¾һֱΪͷֻڼŻǰϸ񣬶Թ̫ӣҲи޶ȡ
ǰܸܵұԹףʱû̫£տɣҲż㲻֪ĸҲǸʮϸˣҪڵܵǰʦֺαʦıԣ
ĸ簮ܵܣ뵱ʦܵһһĸͻƫܵȥ𹫵ټϸʣܲɵ
ĸڱҪ󹫵ֻѵܵܵѧ̫ӡ
¾ڵԺֳ˾˳ݻʺ
ò˵ƣݻʺԶԶʤ˳۵ġ
̳ݻʺòȴԶԶ¾ڴҲԶ֮ﶺŪ
þʲôӣ㿴ڶҲ޴ɫϰˣǸˣʲôǲһǺӣͷһǶҪ£ͷѵһ䣬ǸԼ˶ĴʵǱѣֵһᡣ
һҲͰˣ춼ˣ˭ܵˣ
¾룬޷⣬ΪԴŴû˻ᳯ
ǹΨҽѵģֻо˳ۡݻʺ󣬿ôƯŮ˭˵ػ
Ż䣬ֻϱӵĳ¾ڣֲ
ܿ뵽һ취
³ʮǳ͢Աѧɵӡ
͢ѵö˯˻ӳ緹ʱŮЦӯӯˡ
ϣ˳ҪҪ游ĸԵ㣿
ҡҡͷ游游¸˰ռ٣ǲ뵢ǰտΣȻ游𣿡
ŵ游̫ˣȥ
ˣ游ҵ嶼游̵ĺá
͢ЦˣЩﱲ棬Ů£ƣѧһ֪Ҫʦõ
Уȥѧõţ游͹ȥ
˻ϲϲظˡ
ŮıӰ⺢ӣƽʱͦģôɵˣһ죬ȻҪͷܣĪǱϴظˣ
һԣ͢ˣڣףɷǵѧȥ
ѧãɡɡɶԹؿŽ㡣
ЦǹԹΣҴǳȥ档
ɣ˵ã游ڼأܽǳȥҵ
ˣϴҰ壬Ӧһ
кӶʱ˽ĳŵ
ȳ߽͢Ϳĸö˶ڴĺúӡ
͢ѯʺǵĹνȣˡɡһģСֽ׶Ρ
ɲ˹Σ͢һĽ̵ġ
ĳԼǵѾС˶š
Ȼǿ糯
˸Ҫ񣬾ͼүʾйڣ˭ָҲӣĵط
ѧߺĴֽ¾ǣŻߣλãĴָ
һ͵͵ĹЩ죬㲻
¾ڣͷӣҲ͵



76 
͸¾Ūָ, Դسȥ
ǰϯڸǽ⡶ġΪƪ
Ի֮֮, ޳ܡ
ΪΪ, 롯ΪΣ̡Ϊ̷ס𣿡
סˣ
Ǻã˵˵仰ʲô˼
վ, ӻĽǶ, ֻܿɵĲ, Сúܽ
, ܻǣڼ, ͢һֱ, ŭ
, ɿˣ˼ǣ˼, , ̷ΰգվͲᴥɷҲͲе衣
͢ޱ, һת, ʶɣ͵Ķ𣿡
, ˼Ƭ, ǰ涼, ޳ܡ˵ˣӦ˵Ȼη̷ҷ£ȴû֮߳ģ֪ʲôܡͺñɱ˴ɷ˭Ҳȥɱ޹һʱﲻ̣ȴ񲻺ϣ߳ĵҲԾ񡣡
صͷ⺢˵ã֤׶
ֵǵؿɡ
СǺ죬ͷȥ
͢ų㻹Ǹ磬Ȼܵܿסȣ仰˼һ㶼ѣ㲻ȷһĺ壬Աġ֮Ե£֮гҸ񡯣Ҳ֪仰ǶԱȡߣʥΪԵ£ÿڽǰǿģһʵʥͣôΪ⿿ɷվ͹ˣ϶දһЩԽҲڷС
ɵѾǺˣǱò԰ײ԰׵ģɣ˵ȥɶҪˡ
Һãˡ
£Աߵյܵܵ֡
һΣ˼͢úж顣
ĪһҲ뿪ָ
¾ȻûдչˣСʱ˵Σ
򴽡
ôصѵ⣬϶һ
׶֪չ˴ɵ𣿡Сʡ
¾͵ЩֻΪǴɷԸóеĺ֪߳ܣ´ξͲٷ
ĬƬֻ̣̾жôϻ۵ĺӲŻøɣֻҪҲͲõıѵ⡣
ָең۴ϻۣܵܲɡ
¾ֻÿɵŮһۡ
жڿٴοʼ
˲Ŵɽյ͵۲һյָǰ￴
͢ýһˣöȶһ顣
ɸղźúñһ֪游Լ¶ֵ⣬飬ٴԻʮ־ѧʮʮʮ֪ʮ
ûԣԱͻȻ¾һЦ
ͬʱ洫žŵһ
˲ó¾ڣϽ档
ȻͿ˹ŭģͻأһأĺӹȻ΢΢Ʈһơ
͢ŭȫȥˣ˵һ飬ʮʲô
Ҳǰ׵ģһ˿ãȻս棬ŵظʮǶ˳
⣬һ֣
ҡʲôôʣڻ԰ʱһЩѵСѾߡСǲǶԸ
ֽдô򵥵㶼ָΪЧ
ҪΪԼ⣬ǰʱʹ˳µµΪ²֪һ
ɺ͸ӱȴɿʣƤûô¹£ȴڱ游ſޡ
ĻԼѾûбҪȥˡ
۳¾ڣĬĮ̆ס
ûãá
¾ȥ˾ϴֳ㬵ؿڴμϣͷŴ⣬֪ʲô
¾ڲ齵һͷĬĬع۲
ܵܡ
ܼܵжɵĴϻۣҲдɵУֻǵ̫ܵӣɲǰ㵨ӡ
˵ܸܵ¾ڣз뵨ֻǳ¾ڷһ˾͹ˣûѹܵܲͬܵ滹иʡĸ󡣸ʡĸ˸ĸݣ縺Ȩܵ˶õ̫ӣҲȨ˶ãȻʡĸԼص񷨼ѹ
ϱӣһֱΪܵľعġ
Ȩүүʣƫ̻ĸӣ˰Ѹóӵ״һһذڵǰүүʶ취ܹȥܱסҪˡ
ԣϱӾ㹫ķЩֻҪܵƫĹֻҪܵԸ⣬ܾܵͿԼ̡
ܵܲҪôΪܼܵݲɳӲƫĵĻʵۣҪôԹźޡ
ǰǾãܵûбҪ޹ǹĸĸùշʳôõĳӣֶԳ͢Ĺʵ۵ΪҪޣ
ǽգĿù֮ĻȻʶܵк޹ɡ
¾Сʱ޹иӹϵ¾׹ӳʶĳ¾ڣֻ϶ԹĲˡ
ܵ빫ȴֻǾʦ걾ǹĽֱ˳ޡ
ùֵܵ˽޶ʧ˴
Թ֣׵ܵܣѪĵܵܣ˶Ҫ̫ӣҲǸͨĺӣίѹ־ˣټٹڳ嶯
¼ˡ˶ָܵܣΪ㣬յܵܵĳ嶯ȴҲµ̶ܱܵ޷йĿơ
ϣⱲܸı乫Ľ̵ʽԵܵܶԹãһԿһرۼȫ塣
ֱ⣬ܵעһλʵۣĽɽҲ벻˹
ǰԵܵܵĸԹ嶼ʲô
ӿƽһߴӴջŷֳ¾ھȻһֱڶ棬ߵǽͿŶߵǽһִ࣬һִϥϣɫѱؿ
Ϊôң
¾ڣôô
ƽʱḡһ
¾ڣˣŷֶѡ

һۣϵĲ
¾Ծ齣һ裬ٸ˹
Ų齱ߣӹ룬¾ڲ֣Ҫι
ڣʣµı¾һַԱߣոպ̫ˣǲǷͷûôãˣŶҵİݼҲûˣʼŻ£

ķıһࡣ
¾ڣϾǹʱԱֻͨޣһõˣ
üʲô˼ͨ㣬͸ˣ
¾ڣΪҪ㣬ͨ޵˼ǣ룬Ҳ֣һӶֻϱ
ϱ׵ˣġ
İɣҶԸɣҲûкڼ޵ǳ¼ҡ
¾ڷ¶һָӵɫ㻹ã
Ц̫ˣֲǶΪҪ˼Ǻ˼ң
¾ڱֻЦ̼ˣ߿ת˵һ壬Ϊ㿴ĿһʱܵĿࡣȻҲƫͷӣ
ȷʵͦ۵ģƤȳǽò˭ۡ
¾ڣ


77 
ѧá
¿, ĸӾηĿУ͢ˡ
Ӱˣܵߣ, ھȥɣԣ
д, ˵ɵ֣ߣ˵ǽϵС̯ӿɶˣȥ¥˼أ
ɿŽ֡
ʵܣɴ游ʧˡ
ɽůů, Цôġ
ɱϾҲֻ, ҲЩ̰, 뵽ϾͿԸ, Ҳ游ĹΣɵѹϵ, һشԶˡ
ţ
ĸСӵСȸ, һԵطá
¾ڴμ, һһûһ˵ŻһߵųǱ߰緹͹
, С, ǰԺء
¶
Цˣɡ
¶ߺ¾ڡ
¾ڲˣҪͷڿΣһôû, ΪҪҴǳȥ
Ҳǹʹ, ˭Ҫʲô, ֻϲء
ƭڿεļƻʱ, ͺӵ׼, ˵ܵǵֻҪ档
ȻҪ㺢򵥴ӵԸ
¾ڣȥ
üǰӦˡ
¾ڣ㲻ҵɷ򣬲ʱͷܵĿұûǷ¡
У㡣
¾ڣǿŤĹϣ޳⡣
ҧǵӰѾϡ
㵽ô
¾ڿ⣬ٿ̧֣Աߵء
ʲôû˵϶ģ۵ԾĻ𣬸Զľ룬Ҳǵ˻
ֵĹ򣬺Ѿߵ£ɵô졣
һۣٱĬϡ
¾ڿ𱡺Ҫ͸ˣ齣󲽳ȥ
壡
ɡһ˹
¾һְסһԴϣԱȽľصˡɵ߰ɣ¹ȥ
˿棺ǻûл
ˣҲ̫ʧˡ
¾üǣʲôл
˺ߵ뵽ǣǰһζû޹
¾ڣ
ʱˣ¾ڻͷɫѾָ糣ֻǲӡ
Ҫ¹ӵĻھͳɣȻȻʳͶˣܵŶӡЦŶԺǵ
ɣҲȥɣ
ЦЦһб£Ͳˡ
¾ڣˣ߰ɣȻͷ֪ȥҲȥɡ
ĸӶʱٵ飬ǰӵŸ߸ߴȥ
վſڣֱ¾ʱؿֵһۣתȥ˴μ䡣
.
á
ϿվͭǰϴֵɷƵϿΣôϳˣ
͢Цѧõ£ֻҴѧóŵ֪͵һ
ʲôϡˣɻǹôҲ
ڿΣкǣΪҪй۲죿
õϢʱ򣬳͢ϷӦŮڿΣǹġ
͢Ϊʮ꣬ͬŸкݶԷɫ㶫ص͢ķɣᴧǵ˼ﱲǸ֡
㶣ٿɷΪŮƶ¶ЩΣͻȻܺãֻ˭̫ѴɶŲˣŵһ¾Ȼ˲游ۼʶһ
͢Ҫ˵ϴ󶼽͹ˣŻһҺθɡ
ϣҲ֪ϴϴΪʦ̫ϣ˵ˣǰˣϴҲ˵ֲǡ
͢㻹Խ˵Խˡ
ʱǰԺСѾ߹ͨ˵źǳˡ
ֱֱӸ߳͢ĿȷȷʵʵǺþƵġ
ǣһеģģǹֱַʲôĿģ
ԣ²ɣı̹֪ܲʲô
͢ĬĬԷ
ϣ˵϶ֳǷƢ˰ɣ֪͵᲻Щ
֦͢ҶҵȻҪײ˹
ϣ԰ҪΪʦĿ
͢Ѿµˣ뵽˹̫ӡ
ɳ͢ʲôʦͽοմɡɷĴĶǲӦãǶ̬ȾͿԱġ
ʺ񣬻޷ôЩǳܹ͢еģܲΪù⣬ͶԴɡɵĲһֻ۱һֻۣǡ
Ҳ¹ڶ̫ӵĹĶȥϡǰ˵ʲô뵱Ҳ̫ºЩҪشϡ
͢İõЪһΡ
˯Ѻ󣬳͢ȥ鷿
֪ʱȥӺȻˣÿϷˣǰõء
͢飬ͷۺӡȷûʧ֮ӿ첽ǰԺȥ
λˣЦϯ
͢һʱ
ɡ
͢Ծ˹ߵĿΣѿΣһѡ
͢΢΢壬Ŀƽ͵ؿλϵĹϱŹڡ
ЦЦѾµ˺ƭˣʧ֮븸׺
ҵ󷽷ģȣó͢ҲЦˣˣֻЩ󣬲׹ΪˣֻڿΣѧΪϯǡ
Щ˼㣬аƵָĦһ²أŽ͵ǰɲˣ̫Ż˴ɣҲţСʱദ֤һǲţִ䣬ұ뵽ӣð
Цȷʵв㣬мѣһ㶼ûԩҲ֤ġ
͢¶֮ɫҪΪԼ⣬ʦͽǻС׵ĿģǴЩȻˡ
͢ؿΪ᲻޳
ľ룬ʵʺϽĽ̸ԻϿҵصŸ壬븸ָһ
͢⡣
ѾԸѾȥˡ
ܿ죬Ѿ߽̰ڻߵϣ͢ȻȻ˻档
ϽѾǶ£żȥ޼߰ڷŵĻԣȷ㹫˵ȫϾϱ빫һ𣬶ٶе㲻ʡ
ԽԽϲԼĸˣȻС˴ȴڸʲô
ʼ빫壬˼ȻȻףʵһֱиɻ󣬴ĺӣҲܹԽ̵Ϊδ綼˿ƾҸ״Ԫ̽Ψϲ飬תȥѧ䣿ѵ̵ʱ̵羡ľ
̣͢ǳ˵ùЦĽ̵ΪģֻǣҪ볼
Ǹ׾ãֻʣ磿
͢ĬƬ̣֣λֻй֮޲ֻϽ˼ڶϡ
Ĳ飬ʮδӦѾЦˣ˵ȻĴ䣬ʱѧȴһֱġ飬ôǵ
͢ס
޼֦Ҳ˲˶
ףҸռʱдףΪϲֻ˵˯ǰϴ֮£ԽԽҪҸɣǶʱ䣬ֱǷâߵѾ߶ЦҴһģһĶ˳ۡ
Ϸ˺ˮɽɽմȾ·ŢҸжٴһȰ˵ԾЩֱɵë
˵ĸϣʣûӲˣǨƢˣҲԹԸ飿ȻĴϻۣҲ״ԪҲһڸΪ͢ʩչĲŸɣ
͢ΪηҪŶӴģ
ΪĹ٣߾ڸĹ٣ĹٸгϢĽٻ̣ҲҪܳ͢ڸԼָӡ
͢Ӳܹа취Ҳ߿ƾ֮·ȴΪ΢ЭôһĴʧ˵Ĺ١ڸĻᣬ͢ΪףΡ
͢壬ٳû¡
ĿֿײڶϱѾһλܺõĸˣڳõ۴ǰڶȻʮæµȻǣżеŮȻԸڳʱԽ̵ھ񣬼Ҳ̵˴硢˲ţҲһ͡
ˣҵ͢ϯسһ
ЦúãǸĸ׿˵ģǸøףǶϱأ
õϺһÿǫ飬ﲻأֻ˵ëƮ
͢
ЦżƤǶϱɾĸģ˵Ĳǣ
͢æֱԡ
ϱǾ仰ڹ޿ޣϱֻϣڽ̵̫ʱ̬ȿºЩǷ˴Ϊֻһʱʹ⡢ż̰棬ѾǣͲҪôˡɻðЦŲû̫Ӱ죬ɴƤ˼ϸУǰϴɫϱĴɲɴ磬ѧϼҵĶ塣
͢
ϱǣҧҰҵĺųǰ벻㣬±ӾԲҪˣ
͢εؿӣ룬׵˼ˣʱ񡢴һζ𣬶Ǹʵ˳ǵ
˿ϱǴ⡣
͢Ȼֱ̧̫أϣν̵̫ӣ
ġɶǳ¼ҵˣĵģ̫ӡ
Ĺûвʲôô£͵ض׸˫͸ĵ۾ʶѡ˻رܡ
͢ЦЦһӣճ빫̸ֻ˵޷˴ݣٶκἰ¡
񣬷ɿ֮ǰõĴǣĸҲ׿֪̫ܲʵϻۣҲӡǾ仰ֻһЩСڣºЩȥӺһ¶⣬̫Ӻܾһģʲôιߣ̫ӲԸ
͢ץĵӡ
Լߵ壺Ҫ̫ӵ磬Сʱϣ̫ӳһŸɣ񸸻һİڸ󽻸
͢
ҪŸɵ̫ӣҲҪ̫ӱɵڶ˳ۡ
ϣ̫ӻɳΪһһ֪Ρֿͼεʢ
ģ׸ôˡ


78 
, á
ң©̣ŷȥ·ϵĹ, Ȼڴô˰ʱ
£ɵϡ
, ϡ˵ʲôˣôЩƣվڴߣĵʡ
ҡҡͷԸ˯Ƕ°ɡ
ֻ, ɴ, ˳ȥ
Χ, ˿
¾ڴǳȥ, ӳ緹ͿʼĥȰ˵ȻڴЪ, ʵһû˯
ǹ, һЩ, Ҫǹʶһζܻʵ䷴
ѻ˵̫أܻ, ˶ע, ùʺ̫̫ʦ˹棬ȥĸǰ, ִ
˵̫, ֻӴɵ鿼, ֻ̫֮, ȥ
Һ, г¾ѱĶӣ
¾ڱԹСʱڹĿֺ࣬γûԱӶײ
࿴˳ۻû̫Ĺϵڸ׸붫̫ҲչزֻҪ΢㣬֪ˡֻҲһὫѿ֮ʣĲںܵܵǻ󣬻Ϊ淴ιߡ
ʱ飬룬һյ˼Ӧûа׷ѣȥˡ
ʵĴϣ֪˯˹ȥ
սڳ¸Ժĳʼðʱ¾ڴźǻˡ
壬´壬ǳȥòã
ǰԺֱʱص
¾ڣȥɣֻ壬
ˡɶЦɡԹؾ͡
¾ڱֶֶŮһ磬粻ͷˣõķȥ
룬סҲؼҵĵܵǣ游϶֪ǳˣȥ游밲
ɡɡɶʱ˪ӣ
ȥҪȥġ
ǹʱ͢Ժ䣬Ҫģ˵鷿ˣӾûԡ
ĸӣ͢Ҳûֻͣδһۡ
ɡɡɽŵԺվһš
Цߵүߣһүһ߹ԹԽ游ָʹҺϿεģΪ꣬ǳȥһ磬Ѿ֪ˣ游ԭһذɡ
游ˣҲûκǸθеذ˳ǹæҲӦõġ
ſڣЦеؿšš
͢Ů춼ȥˡ
˰ƵĽһ󴮡
͢ٿӣˣõĿҵȥɣóԷˡ
˺Ǿȣͷ۲游游ɫƽͣĺŰ΢΢ƮЩüĿ
Ц߰ɣС游Ȼڡ
˱룬϶ĸǰ˵飬ĸȰˣ
.
á
¾ôû뵽ԡºԺȻ˯
֮ǰʳƣǲǹﲻ
ҡҡͷ˰ɡ
¾ڣˣ
ƣֻȥϡϷǱЪˡ
ֲʲôܣҲ޷
¾ڵͷȥҡ
βɴ᣻ţɫѾЩˣûеƣɴİ
¾ߡ
泯ɣϱǵúúõģֻһ첲
ֻǼƻСһͷϷδɢȻΣ˯ת·ˣҲˡ
¾Щ鱦ȡ¡
ժ˾ˡ
¾ڵֻڰա
ٿɫĿ⽥ãȻָɲɸĳƽɣ̴żʣʲôʱģ
֪ڵͷжңҲǸո˯ѣûüݵ⡣
ҲҪں˹ɫĹ˵ֻͷĨͣҲȻġ
¾ھûʱ򣬰ոճʱŵۣҲñζ
ջٲѣһΪҪװ˯һҵˡ

˯⳹ŴȣͷϷ׹˿ɢ䣬һö鷢ҲԱߡ
ͷʶԼʱݲţȥгǽͷ
˯ǰͷȻҲɢģȴϸϸ˳˿϶һš
ɲ¾ڳЦĻᡣ
¾վ߿ױ̨ķưᣬߣˣ극Ҫ˯㻹ʲôͨ˳ǡ
Ҫ¾ںȻЦˣ˵ҪΪװһ

һӣȥ
ɣǸ첲һûС¾ӣסļȰժΣٴͷʼᡣ
ڹｿĹһ˪ѩĺƤңҲһͷںĺͷ⻬䰮Ҳʲô
΢΢ͷһֱͨʱķʣ¾Ҳͦź˵ġ
ȥˣ
һ¾ںȻʡ
ţȥ͵ʱԺﶼˣ׿϶֪ҵȻҪһ£˳Ȱ˵ײҪô
¾ڣģ
ЦˣоݣķڷȻ
¾ںôоݵķСʱĸ׾ͿʼȰͷˣҲûͷӸġ
ţͷҲֻǱŪһԺȻˡ
ܼ򵥰ֶֻΪ̵ܵܡɣܵܳ˿ܻ㣬塣Щ걻ֶڵòᣬĸٽ̳һԶ
¾ڣ
תҧгݵصãȿȥ飬ֿԸ㵱Ȱɸϵķӣǲǣ
ȷʵҲԸͷһĦѾòĳһЦŵҸᵽʱΣ¸ô˵ģ
¾ںȤô˵
ֻӲ˵ˣȣй֮޲
¾ڲΪң񲻻ûӣ
˶٣¶ʧģԭˣһΪȴֻǸ׷ҵġ
¾ڣұͱǴͷӲô룬ȴǰԷС
Ѿ˰εӣɲپ븸ƫУ쵽ǱߣЬɣҶˡ
¾Ľף
ϴٳԹľҲָˡ
컹û͸ȥ¼ҵĻ԰䣬չǣϾ𴲣Ͼȥ˯˯š
¾˿ϣԼȣ綼·ҿɲߡ
ʢųơ³ˡ
¾Ƶμ䣬ϵĿ
ңˬ糹״ɢЩƻʱֻý泩࣬Ҫһĳ嶯
ʷӦϣμպ۲ˮһû
ó¾Ҳ
ϴμţûߵţȥ롣
򴽣ڣμߵͭƶϨˡ
ɳ¾ھȻһյƳڵϡ
͵ĹδͶûůڵġ
ֱһֻ޳Ĵֿ۹˵ƹůȴȵƹȡ


79 
Ȼûȥһ, ȰȴܱܰʱҪᡣ
ԡ¾ڽشϡ
˯ڴ, δضģһ䱻¶ͷĵ, ޹ǵڵء
ȴûƳһۣϨưɡ
¾ڣˣ
ÿ㡣
¾ڣû㿴
űת˹ȥֻһӰ
¾ڶ˶, ȥϨ˵, Ȼɵ, Ӻ汧ס, ߵҲ̫ˣĴζǱŲݲݽ, ҽ, Ѹ첲ϵ, ȳȫңԼҲǿ, ɽҲڴδζұš
ɡ
¾ҧĶ⡣
һ, Դʣ㶼ȥˣ
¾ڣתҵ˼ܻܲĵģ
ʲô
¾ڳĬ
ڱʲôŵ, ϵҴӦܵҪһ, Ҳû, 㶼Щȥ
޸¾¾ȥ, ؾַʱ, ͬҲڵתٳι֤ĳȴϤĳǳء
̫ӳǴ£¾ЩӣɶǻСϲ֣ҰţҸžǣ̫ӺôҲʮ˰ɣϲĿ϶ǲһ
ûʲôһģ֣Ҳǣ뿴ڹ￴ŵĶ
¾ڣǾȥǰŴְɣǱ߳ԺӦоУԽջԽ࣬ˣˣϷģֻһ࣬һ˭ײ̫ӡ
ܼǣܵǱ߿϶ҲٰһЩ־ֲǰңӽ£Ӧ޴󰭡
¾ڣⵣҲ̫ˣһʲôʧ˵үݱסͷӶôǹл
ڼǽԼȥ䡣
¾ڰ§һȥɣ⣬һܵǰ档
ִһ˺ߣǰûҲͰˣҹܲҲٹܣɵܵߵʱùס죬ɲ˭Ƣ
¾ڣţƢˡ

ô⻰еԲԣ
.
µ壬ʮ磬Ƚ˹
̫ӻҪ飬ǹĸף˳Ҳ˻ȥ
Σ˹ˣĵʡ
ݻʺЦŶŮͦõİո㲻ƼˣôͻȻôʣĪʲôϢˣ
ҡҡͷûУܾøʺЩ񲻼á
ݻʺǸǳЦģʵ۵ģҹΪģˡ
Ůֻô˵
ʵأϵĺþˣ쵱Ȼ޾ɣⷽ£ǶԶŮҲἰ
˿Ĳ衣
ϱӵĸҲˣû񣬵Ҫ˵ʲôʱĴ⣬ҲûУô̫ҽΧŸתصĲܲˡ
ԣͻȻʼݱجģĺ׼ŸϵУѯĸ󣬲ŵ֪һ½Ĵϣ䳣˵ġϷ硱
ǲּ֢ģʱ飬ҷҩɾײˡ
ΪŮȻϣʽɫë취˵ôĽ̵̫ӣ漰Ůɫ棬ֵ׵ҲҲԸʿȰ˵ͷ
ʺȰ˵ʵģĸ
ŮˣѾ֪ԭŮöԸʿڣ취ܹܸ𣿡
ͷСص
ĸҲѴֻǹϵʵ壬ֻܼϣĸˡ
ݻʺ󿴿ŮЦǼˣɻһҪ˵ǻʺݱ󣬿۷ദɱʺɶˣҽίԼԷҲԽ븸ĸأҹ㸸ʵ£λܾҪˡ
æסĸļ򣺡Ůģǣ츸õʱȰ䣿
ݻʺŮͷô֪ûȰأҲжʮˣȰǲܣÿҲܻһȰôһΣȰܹ죬ûñֹ̬ǰòѾʼˣȴһһģٶܣ㸸ʻжģ
۽ޣĸΪʵ巢
ݻʺ󿴲Ů⸱ݣŮɵӣ㸸ֻЩ飬廹ӲʵģҪģʮ˵ɣίʵ̫硣
˵ʲô
ĸ߲ͨҲ벻Ȱʽɫİ취ˡ
ܽ¼̫̫γɹŪ¾ȥǱ˱һΪˮķˣΪǹѹס¾ڣȥ˱
ǶԸʣڵ£ûзʲôˮǰΪ֤ݵĴ£ػЩˮ֣ҲûصϱӵĻؼһաֻȥ߸ʣ˵μʸǸ˻ʱϷˣ㻪˿ڣҲš
ֻ뵽ֱӻϱӸٵİ취ֻҪܱܿϷ磬ܶʮá
㸸ʣΣ
ݻʺȻڣŮ˼
գգ۾ʲôΣ
ݻʺŮСȥ¾ͳˣôڻûжĪ㲻ϲޣ
ŮԹ׵谮ݻʺȻҲԹŮ
֪Լĸ˰ѱаɣֻһСż
ݻʺ󣺡ʮˣﻹС
ողҲ˵һһСҲС
ݻʺҡҡͷüòỹڷӵɣ
ŮżӣûϵŮǹⱲӶԸ¼ҿ֦ɢҶ¼Ҳ޷˵ʲôﲻ죬Ӱĸ顣
ݻʺŮΪһʱӶҷҩҩҲУŮа취Ѱ
ûУҩֶŮֲɵ
ݻʺ󣺡ôеģ
ɲܹĸңҲ档
ݻʺˣٿŮĵó¾ڻǼı˵ģг¸ϣŮ޸һݳˡ
Ȼ¾ڵôô¹ԹŮҪҲӦãûʲôñġ
.
ƻʱ֣̫¿ˣ߸˵ǹҽ㡣
ʱѾ磬ʡҴܵȳˣҽз빫׼һݺòˣרŵܵء
˳ЩĽӣҲȥŮĹ͡
ݻʺɫ࣬ҪĻٽŮҪһζݵܵܵҪ
Ӧ¡
ݻʺ󣺡ʱع
Ӧ£ȷĸûʲô˵ˣŸˣһתһһС϶Ц
ʳ⣬¾Ϊӭ̫ӣǰ˳ǡ
վڹĳǰݺ棬ܼһٸԴ˳Ҳһٸ̫ӡ
ֱһܲλƵسˡ
¾ǰ
سǺȥ¼ϴٹģɫԲ쳤ۣĲӣһվٸǰӢͦΣ˳ڡ
̫ӿüۣٸŽ
¾ڷɫȻظһԡ
̫͸쿴ͷʣ㣬ϲ𣿡
ϱӵľµܵΪκ¼Ǻ޳¼ңԱЦЦϲƾܱŽɽճͶǳ⡣
̫ӱԽòã⻰Ҳˡ
յţ˵ȥɽϱܺǶôĿΪ֤Ƿôǿ׳̫ӱԸһ͢԰ļɽɽǾͶأܿģȻҽп̫࣬ȴǳʧ
ʳǺ֮ܽͣѾӡ
̫ӵĴ̫æ̫ӡ
̫ƼվһԵҡ
ס̫ССҪԶ
¾ûô࣬ʲôģֱ˫ּס̫ӵҸѣɽ
̫ӣ
ϷһСȦ
ҪǴҲôǿ׳ͺˣ


80 
Ĺ, ⱲûסΣ¾ڸǵڶεš
ĵһεţͷϸ, ȴסһ÷д̫ӵʱ, ¾·ʶ
ȻһΣ¾ȴֵ÷·ѾǧٻƵģ̫²ι۽ĸۡʱ¾ֻĿбӵظڽһʲôϡӡ
, ȥԷ, 극ٳߡǣŵֵܵܵ
̫̽Գ𣿡
, иĸ֪ҾȻҹȥҹ, ԺҲˡ
̫ʧ漴ڴ´ν׼ʱٴҳ
ᵽ˵, ͱˡ
̫ƲƲ졣
Ⱦ, صʱ, ǱҲѷһض˹ˣ, ̫ƽʱԵĲɫ, ҲǱߵɫˡ
̫ãθҲãƷʳû̫Ȥ, ϲ˵
һϰʱЩ, ڶ첲, ʱ̲סдһЪһ, , ΪˣҸ͹Ȼȥ˽ҹ÷ʦһ״
˵̫ӹͣв˳ԡ
̫̫͢ʦǸ̵̫ӵĵһˣ׸һ춼̫ӣ̫Ӱ˼λֻ͢ÿնʱȥڿΣٴ˽̫ӵѧҵչ
ȻҪһʣô˵
̫ƳһֱĬĬԷϿҵ£ҽ٣ȻȰҰպ÷ִ磬ĪҪ֮
ЦһΪϻ÷ʦΣ۹ȡ
̫ӣҲôΪģû뵽رã˭Ϳ
³һλֶӻΪ˸ϵѵ⣬Сһء
̫Ӿȼˣ¾ڣд£ôѵģ
¾ڵȻ֪µһ򵥶̫ӽһ顣
̫ת
ԭ¸ϲֹǶԼҲһ
ȳ¼Ҵǿˣû¸¹
װҲϲãǴɲ˼Լ̬ȣй֮
̫룬ǰǸѵ˵ĳ¸ϣ¸ĸˣϲһЩ
ô˵
ע⵽¾ڴʱ򶼺ܳĬ̫ʵ²ڡТڣѵҲλƵģ̳˳¸ϵϳأ
¾ڿۻһص٣챿ǧгڵǰԣײ˵¡

̫֪ڰضԽֻģڹʱźȫǽеˣˮЩ˶ܽһѵĵȰϧؾ֮ˣ̫ӿɲٶһˡ
ҵĽһ˺αؼ⣬ģ˵Ҳƽϡ̫ӺǴȵص
¾ڣл¡
̫ӣΪβ飬ѡ;
¾ڡؿ
㻰𡣡
̫ɫŹֵؿ۽㣬ﻹ棬㶼˵⣬ô䵭ֲ˵еɷӱǺ֮֮ȥѵǰףһ̬ȣ
Ȼˣ̫ҲýʲôֻôһͬˣͦģҲ󣬶ԽҲǧ˳Ȼ޷õĳ谮
¾ڻش̫ӵ£СʱҲܲ˸ϵŭѧˡ
̫ûϵش𣬷˳ԲҲ˼У׷ʵζģ
¾ھ˼ӡ
̫ӣ㲻飬Ͼͬˣ
¾ڣȻͬ⣬ɳģгȥ鷿鹦γҲȥץסҷź򳼳Ϳޣĸۣ֮û취ˡ
̫ӣ
ðĸһҪ˵ܱĸôƿԡ
ܼܵвˣб˳¾һۣ˵Щܵô죿
ȥ԰ӡ
Ҳ֪ô£ʱܻܵϲߣ㳤̵ģţܾܵȻų¾ȥˣһʳ¾СʱײЩ£һʳ¾ôԸЩ̰ٵġ
Сɽ˵СôҲȼɽߣվɽϿҲһ
ָ̫棬ʳ¾ڣ˵ɽһұȥ𣿡
üɺ֡
ܵȻ̫ӣѹţʹӦãο¾ڻƷ٣ڡ
ʱٻݻʺġ
̫ӴҪЦΪӡұ̫ӣԷʧΪ򣬳Ըⱳһˡ
̫۾һ
һֱԱߵĲͷðȰ£ɽ̫ˣʱɫְǡ
̫ӣ죬ֻû֪ȥĸǱߺôʰ㣡
ɫؿ
¾ڣСĵ㡣
¾ף̫ӡ
Ƹţ¾Ѿɵʮ̨ףŵòæ׷ȥ
̫ſļϣһʼͷŲ׷־ԽԽԶ͸˵ǰ濴ˡ
ʮ̫ӻûлأûó¾ھɽ
̫δ
¾ڣٱȥ
̫ӣã
¾ֿʼɽɽʱûԽԵԱĲûá
.
ҹĻ٣¾ڡһ̫͵סԺӡ
̫ӽȥˣߡ
ʣôʹ㣬治⣿
¾ڿֻ̫ӣһܾܵܣֻǸӣҺСӸкβɣ
ÿҲͽС׵Ժ
ǰܷˡ
ܷɱ԰ʱֺܷɣĲᣬڵĴЩѾİβɱȣһɿ̴󴲣ĸͬʵ̷ﴲɴᣣƹʣɴڷ·һɾ
ⴲֳָϴʱ¾ƣˣⴲȻҲ˿
¾ں⣬ϲֽʵĴ
Ŵȿ˼֡
ϴ¾ʲôˣҹ§˵˺ܶ
붼롣Ҫܵܳȥ䡣
¾վһǰһϸϸϵĵһ߷ʵ㶼ûԤʲô
˺ߣȥԡԡ
¾վڴߣ빬õĴӦҲʽ㹻㹻ʵ۵Ķټһ˻졣
Ի˵ɫϵȨҲ࣬¾ɵִϣ޵
ԡڴߣϻ
ͰˮԼϴɾˡ
ֲϴ裿ɵʣû˯Ͳ¡
¾ڣϴ
Ҫȥģ
¾ڣܼ˵ˣϰҹ̫ӣ°ҹء 
̫ӳôһ뿪ۺס¹ΧһȦ¾ҲҪ̫޵ټһ洳̫̿ͣգ¼Ҷøᡣ
ڵƹ磬˳¾Ӣݡ
ټװ֣ɵסˡ
񣬳¾Ѿǰ
Щ顣
ϱҲΪܵܵĽɽɵܵܲûƴļˡ
˯ɡ¾ɢĳ
ۣʣ°ҹ˯ģ
¾ڣģȥƵ㡣
򴽡
¾Ҫˡ
߾ʱ򣬻Ȼסӣҹ͹ɣôӣһ˯ֿյġ
ǳ¾ϸߴգ롱ڻ̫İᡣ
ɳ¾ˣÿֶ
תӺ汧סһֽڻһֲĳĲྱ
׵ú
վˣ»ϱٰ뱧شߡ
ſں׵ϡ
Ϊ¾ڻʱݺץһǰͻȻȥ


81 
˯һ, ʱ΢¾˯һС
̫м˯һҲ´ࡣ
ؿ
¾ڿ϶ǰҹ, Ȼһ㶼ûв뿪ʱ׵ô, ʱؾʵʵ
ҹ̫˰ɣ
ᶯվߣʱڵ峿䲻ȵģֻһɫȥ˾
¾۾ϸıӰ
±ʵ, ߵô, ɵ°Ҳ΢΢Ʈ, ·˼̤ȥ
, վһ࣬ˮϸϸϴ֡
ڽѾ߽ź, ϶ᳳѳ¾, ٻشһ
ͷ, Ҳϴˣý׵ĽӲ, Щҵͷ, ᣵſȥ
ճԱͻȻһֻ֣ӱǽϡ
ŵĶҪ, Ժֳ︡ĵһͷǴ̿ͣ
һһ߾ֵ, Ͷ˳¾, Ŀ, а룿
űŭ, ݺݵ
¾ڽתˡ
û˵ʲô¾һýżⶼˣȻͷס
û㿪
ɿĴתȥĲӣҧҪ
ҲˣŻѡھſ
¾ԣŽڻߵߣЩ³ؽȥ
̵ֺǲʹת壬¾Ҳѹ
Ѿ߶¾ڲڷſ´󴲣һһѡ
ץӸסԼû°ɣ
ţ
¾ڿһۣ㻹˯һ
֪ܲʰˡ
¾ϵʰȥ̫Ӵݡ
ͷ
ҪţԼҪͨգȻϸѡ
ǰδĹ𣿡
һŹ˳ĳͨţһЦѯʵ

ռҵŮӣǰĹﱳĹرȳ׵ĸҪһЩ̰һЩ˵ǿɰһٸĴҹרֵĵطգʧˣҪ䣬˿Ҳ⸾ḡ
Թݳţ˶ۣҲ±ЩСڣݣΪ˼յע⣬ǰδ׵Ĺ﷽һЩ
Ŷʮʮ߰Ҳû̫ࡣ
ƣò˵Ŷʮٹʮ꣬ʮĹҲûʲôõӡ
ЦЦ
ϱҲŻʮľˣδʮԼʲôģ
糯˵ɣĸôãοĸɶˡ
ʰ׵¾̫Ҳˡ
̫Ҳ˳ƼŮĽ㣬̫ɫ糣ϾǰĽͶŮģֻǴøѡ
¾ζؿ˻ۡ
ʲôƣ̫ӿ㡢صȻǽܣأ
¸磬ȻԻΪڵĻ
̫Ӳ꣬Լ뵽ˣЦͰǵıɡ
㶼ǻʼѪװģǵ׸Ҳʣ͸ոպãҲȷʵλ൱ı硣
¾ڣңߵĳͺá
̫ӿ㣬᲻̫ίˣ
¾ڴ¡ΣѾǳĸ֡
һƺѣҲȷʵ޷ų¾硱׽ĳƺôˡ
̫Ӹܵģǽ֮𱰣һǽ䵭Ųװǵı硣
⵹̫ڹĳŮϵƣʵЩɶԸʶģҲĸûôǫ
˳緹΢ˡ
¾ڻߣ뾰˳һʼձҵľ뻤̫ӣܼзֲңȷʱӦκ⣬ֲǵˡ
ڻܶԣⶼǵһڵھǵĽ䡣
Ȼ˰꣬ʱȴһģһʲôĻ̫Ӵչȥ̫ӼϡĶҲקŽܹȥ
¾ĬĬظţһ߾Χһ߹۲Զܣ;ֶǲࡣ
ǰİΧһȦԭнʿڱؿʯ
̫Ž㼷˽ȥ
¾ڡ˽ΧɰȦΧ
ȷ󲻻Σգ¾ڲǰмվһ˶׳̻¶ţչʾǿ׳
¾ڿ
ˣⶢŰһԵʯͷ
ݿʼˣ׳ڵϣֺ̧һʯѹؿڣȺһôʹʯͷ׳վʱֿʼȲʡ
̫۾ģͷʳ¾ڣܿס𣿡
¾ЦǸǿ׳Щ˶ԣΪϵʯͷеˣ˳ֻܵʯͷ
̫ӲţָжԷȥԡ
׳Ը⣬ⲻĳ
һһӸ
׳Ƶһԡ
Ҳɵһʯ̫ϵЦʧȵ߿ˡ
ȡɵĽˣڳ¾ڽļɺ̫ӶʧȥȤ翴С̯ϸǵּۻۺ档
˰죬ھ¥ϯ̫ٴλã·Ⱥʧʹ棬Ҳˡ
ЦΪϡ䱦գܵڹﶼˣǼʶ٣ױЩӼȡá
̫ӿ㣺ϲЩ𣿡
ָǽϵ֣ȴȫЩϡѰëƤ
ϲ˼̻
̫ӣǵģһϵûС
޹ص£̫ӶûȤ
ô޹أû֮ǡ±֮Ż˼Դ硢ι䣬ÿնҪһ£ΪľЩÿնܹѰǵ롢޶°գǸʵ񣬱ҲҵˣۿǹúãҲŸˡΪԺ
̫ٿЩѰЦݳǽȹЩѹİգ뵽¸ϼȫİնðתƵɽϱܺ飬
¾ڿ
ȻظܼܵһˣԶˣܵܳҵŹǣõģڼӦúθڡ
̫ʵףǳûһΡ
ֻ㣬Ͼ˵ĶģҲͷǰ
翴֣绪ŵܵȥ
κνڽģͨϲòȴĺöֻῴϣŪƹĿǵ񶼲̫ŽԼ¾ڵ˵Ʋ÷ˡ
ţһ˾һӻС꣬żֻֽĲɫݡ
ʺϷŷݡ
̫Сʱϲŷݣĸÿζ̫ãϣ˼ڶϡ
㣬ֻݣ㸮Ϸš
ǰŴѾһ飬Ҳʱ˿̣̫ӸҸططһηݡ
ô򵥵Ҫ󣬻Ȼܵܡ
һѡһֻ̫ӳ¾ڣҲ¾һֻֻںĴӥ
صҲȥѣֱȥ˻԰
԰ĺߣһƬ׵Ĳݵء
ݷɸߺ̫ڲݵϣչ⣬ĿתؿſкĻͷݡ
Լһֻݣתһڸʡĸһڸ
̫ͻȻǸϸϸߡ
ڸϻ𣿡̫ͷߵ
¾ڣģԵĳԵĳȫԷ硣
̫ӣǸ϶Եʱ࣬ǲԵʱࣿ
һߣû߿ȴеţ³¾˵
𿴵ܵų棬ֻǸСӣʵܵܵ˼ء
¾ݣСʱ£ѷֶԴعأ̰棬鲻ϰˡڳˣôټϳƽʱٷ̳ܽҲûлᣬ˵ģ޷óڹǰڣҪǰײײپε³ѳе鷿һѣóر֤µȫ
˵¾εҡҡͷ̫£ѣܰѵ¶Ƶġ
̫ЦˣĸҲˣ˹һᴳһ
ˣĸ᲻Ҳĵһ棬¸棿
㣬عˡ̫
仹أһˣ
̫ӣѾˣȥĸġ
˱¾һ𽫵ܵͻع
·ϣ¾ͬ
ܵǰ㻹ͦ˵ġ
¾˶Ŀ̺Ĵϣ繫



82 
ս, ʹϢ﹬磬׹Ʒϵھ١
̫๬Ůææµµ, ڹ⣬С
ʮհ, ҹĻֺ󣬳¾ڷ糾͵ػˡ
Ѿùˣڴμϴţ¾ڱѾ̧Űϡ
ͭƾȼգڻ, Կڲ, ȿھ, һҲԵýζ
, һȰڵԽԽ磬ɴס, ڡ
֮ǰ¾Ȼ˵ҪһŻһ, ʵҲû, Żµ顣
¾ڣҲ, Լסʲô˼
סֲֻΪ, ĸ״ɩɩ˵ǣĸϲ
¾ڸռһ, ҧ˼, 꿴һ, ˯˼
һ۵
Ȼû, ɫѾ, ¾Ӳǽߣ¡
е·𱻷紵һһεġ
˼𣿡¾ʡ
һֳ棬һַȥ
¾ץס֣ڴϡ
˵Ů𣿡¾ʡ
ʲôͷʱ򶼲˵
¾˵ԵģеĻǶˣ

ҧΡΡ֣ǰȴϡ
̫عأҹѾߣһģˮ¹ڶҪסʱһ˿͵ɫУ¾ͻȻĸ첲һ𹿽
Ѽ£ĴһЩ¹ٶӿ˼乫΢΢ݡ
ƣĵ¶
֪˶ã¾ڱ°̵ͣһֱ׵ǡ
ΪµҲԸ
.
ת۾͵˰ʮ塣
¼ʸμӽչģ˻г͢ϡ²ڷޡ
͢Ҫƻʱٶ׼Թ緹ͳ
¾үȻҪŹȥĸ
棬ͷ챦ΣһĵĳȹͷŶӺ
յױҲޣϸüбޣ䣬̺졣
¾ڣôãҪ˭ȥˣ
бһۣ䵭ֻϡ
¾ڣ
ǵˣʵһֱŹļӣһҹȻޡȴ̫ϲ̫໨ĥӲݲǿͬȥ£٩˵Ůܿͺ汻˭ƼƵģһֱ쵽ǰԺ˯ȥˡ
죬ڲ˵
¾ڻǻῴɫģٿڡ
ͣ˳ǰ
¾³һǰҪߣһԶķѾߵ˳·ʱתߡͬɫ˳¾ڼ棬Ͽ죬丸סֳȴֻӵǿһ㣬Ҳܾ˳۶ͣڽ˸в
ԱߵĺȹŮӣȻϿˣ¾ֻɨ۶Է߸߹ĸѸջߡ
ǰԱߣŸӡ
¾ԶԶԷһۣ㿴Լ
ˣķ챦ʯԾӨ覵ӡ
߸ߵվڳԯϣƳԶϿޡ
Ͽһɨ΢΢ҧ
۾޵ؿŻҪЦݣѾջĿ⣬̧֡
¾סֻ޹ǵС֣˳
ֱӽȥģһƫͷƼѾӣɵЦ˳ų¾ǰ߿Ⱥͣ¡
ȴĶݹ򣬻Գ¾ڵұ磬ӣӦĸĸɩ
¾ЦЦ
˴ʱ󲿷ʱ䶼Ÿͷ¾ȴҪǾƣıࡣ
֮ͣʣϵЦų񣺡
Ҳʣ˾ӡ
һЦ
ȥ̫ˣĸ׺ˡ
Ҳų¾ȥǰӭԼĸ
Ҳɡ̫ЦеصȰض¾ڣòԽӢͦˡ
¾ڻ񣺡ޡ
߹ľĸͷʣôɩ
誴¶Ȼ
̫̾Ⱦ˷纮ڼŰɡ
ջؾʱĸǱɩϼһ棬ʱ˼඼ĸϣû̫࣬ʱϵĶಡȻϱӳ¾սͬףಡ齵ҲձûˡֻǻԼɥУûȥŵ䣬Ѿɥǹȥ
ôһݣģϧ
Եض̫˵Ҹĸ˵һλ̫ҽȥɩɡ
¾ڿһۡ
̫̾ҽˣǲãܵù˹Ҳĸˡ
һˣĸô˵ͼˡ
˵ţסĸĸ첲ͷǰȥ
˸
¾ȻȻվһţһǰĹһǰļˣԷڡ
Ͽһ˴кһ߽ȥɻûǨвܿ˾롣
Ͽ޺޵غ
ǲһֱԸ𣬸߸ãֺαطҪյһ
Ͽǽ㣬㿴һõӣ
룬ҲûҪ˼ֹݻʺ꣬﹬ⶼ֪ˣ˵ŮֺαݽĺϷ
ȵ˷ǹ
ݻʺ̫Ӷڡ
ݻʺֶͬϱϱ˹ģˣ誡¾ڵŮ˵Ǹ̫ȥ밲ɡ
誡¾ͬʱ
̫Ц߹ߡ
ȥʱǰ棬˷ǹ⣬̫ӾͲ嵽硢мˣŤͷ誣æʲôܾöûˡ
Ц¶ʮҪʽˣסæ
̫ӵͷλʮϹսˣƾսͷ˽ǰָʹԴ˽ǰ⼸ʮԽǰ궼λǰһԶǽģӹɣǰֱڵڶת
ٿ¾ڣģԸȡȡ
誷·¾ڵԣδָʹҶ˵ϲ
¾ڣ˵Цˣǳɻ϶ŵ˴ְҳݡ
誣ǫˣĹҵȿжš
¾ڣҲлϡ¡ΪҳطٲԸҲǲ
վָʹм̫ӣٿ¾ڣЩԾ
Ȼᵽ
̫еˣȷʵطΪθأǸʵŮȻҲΪ׽
ܲԽǧ˳Ҳǫһ㶼ӹ԰
ԷƱĺ֣㲻ʱգҲ¾¡
̫ͷĿϵع
¾Цˣлصʱʱ̿Դ㣬òº
誴ǳЦ


83 
﹬Ϊ, ˳ٹ٣ݻʺ԰
ʱ֣һ», ̣󸹬
԰, ݻʺλֹܳɣұǰֳϿԼף̫ˡϵˣϯλҪԶһЩ
ϯλмĿյ, 輧Ǻ, 衣
Ĺ, С֪μ˶١
, һЩģμӵĵһ, ʱ, ¾빫Ҳúõġ
ߵ, Բ
ϣһж˳˳길ʲᱩ, ԥ췴, ¾Ҳٸϸս
̿ʲôأ
ߵİֳԹãֶŮֻô, ֶŮƺЩģ
, ĸ, Ц¹ǲֻ϶һ, , ʹҲ̫į
ֳˣĵֶŮΪ϶أ
Ц˺࣬϶üįò㳯ĸɹС֣Լ¹ôҡ

۲Ȼ֪׸ó¾ŵһǹĸ
ϿԱһ䣬̽Ƴ˻һۡ
ֻԼòˣŻ϶ǲǼįģֻɫ֮
ܸʳ谮ʲô⣿
Ͽܿ뵽˻¾ڡ
¸Ǵθֳ׸ɳ¼ҵĸ̫ǳ¾ڻ粻һ˵ʮ굽ʮ궼ϼҹģǸҰ˲ͨīȫ¸ϲڸı˸вΪݻʺ£¸ϣ˻
۸ڶˣģܵ˳¾ִˣ
˼ŮĪ϶ʶɫ˳
Ͽ״ƹĵص
̫ƻѹɪ֮ڵҲͻĻ
ɻûƵģ밲̸ֳЦŪŲӵ˰εϿʮΡ
ǱͻȻĹĵ㡣
˽ĿȻֲĸ衣
ĵĹĵ㣬ȴʹ뵽ǰĳ¾ڣɲưƵģѸ͡
ϯϰ㴼Ĺƣյ˰յϵȻԼܸܵԵȶȡ
ֳ̺ʱˣҼǵǰرȹƶƣŸպȥ䶼ˣ
ĸЦЦĸһˣͷˡ
ֳҲܻϲðĸһյ
ֶܾŮǰ̫ˣϣȴ˺ܶȤζݻʺû취йĸѹţֶŮǹǧٳĹ͸޾Ϊ
ʢȴĸһյ븹΢΢ԴԴϵشȫӿֳ
֪еˣٺȣʼЩϹȡ
ߣǸٲ˾ƣ˳ʹģȫǹƷҾơ
þƵʱĹǾٱӦӦһյҲǿȸɾߵһС̫Ǳž̳վں棬ĸ˵ˣϾ͸ʱˣҪǵ۾
¾Ͽ죬ұ߱誡
ǻףҲĲ£һոպá
ǰ竣ƽʱͺþƣԭ˼ǹ粻ҶȣǼ¾ڡ誶ڲͣغȣľƳ㱻ˣκģžյ¾ڵϯߣһֵܵӳ¾ڵˮ̫ˣֻҪͨ
컹֪ѹ˵Ҵָһλ
¾ڱֱۣܿ־룬Ȣ˹㲻Фʲôͨ
ã֪˵˰ˣܵˣ
¾û⻰ֻĬĬȾơ
ʳʱĻ¶ĽϿҲƻǰ
û˵꣬¾һȭͷӭֱӰҵ˵ڵء
ʹ׳Ҽܵս裬λֳĶǾԱ˹
͢üֱԴȢ˹ľûһհ
й˷üһȫѪ
ĸǾ˾˳һպĴˣڳ͢棬ƽʱ͢Ͳ̫Ըʱ͢ĶӾȻĶӣĻƢþˣľһţų͢ϵĹӣ
͢ˮ
˳ۼˣʾͣ£¾ڣڣΪδ죿
ƽʱ¾ڵ˳۶Ҳ˳۱ֱŮˡ
¾ϯƳ˳۹ֵػϣͬԹ˵ϿͨϿǻĽ㣬Ҳǳ֮㣬ô˵߶ͣһʱûסȭͷ֪ʧ񣬻𷣡
һԱ
͢޳ĺ΢΢Ĵǡ
ȴ۽ֳ顣
ڴʱҲϯߵ¾ߣֵϣָʹԣΪ֤
Ⱦ˳ۿڣ͹˹ԼҲáûϢ϶
˳۵ܲá
谮Ů٣ϿҲŮǧٳģϿʱϼҵĹ⣬첻Ů࣬ȻȥһﱧԹôţ컹ߥ޳¾Ҳͨǲǣ
𿴾˳Ҳݻʺֹڼȥұɣ˭ǻأеŮǲУ
þ˳鲻õǣܹسͷ죬ϾŮ¼ɶʣǹ˽¿Բ檣Ȼôȴǹռġ
ԣ˳ݿ͵ضԹľүɣƽʱ̫Ͽί졣
˵꣬˳Ҳܾô룬ԸһԵȥַѡλˣΪͨ
һûطˣͷջس
˳Ц˰ԣү𣬽ѽڣǼ޵ȺȾ°ɡ
ʵһС̫ʶȤشչϯλϡ
Ȼϯλ˳ۿ췣ĳ¾ڣһƣ˵˵ھͶˣƽʱ˵嶯ŭ޻ţ׸Է顣Ŀ֮£㾹ȻȻŹ죬ڽ޲㣬ȥ
¾ڣлϿˡ
˳۰ڰ֡
¾˻ϯλϣ޳س˸ǡ
͢ϯԽ޷˳ٳľ
桢ǫǫϾģþ͸һȴֱһ˵Ļ޷֮ڿڡ
º󣬾ģظһҪݺݴһ٣
ߵ£С̫ݻʺ
ݻʺ󿴿ֹɫһ
Ϣֹ;ÿ϶ǺϢеʣ㣬ǳ˺£
ͣĹɰԼý̫ˡϵ˶̸ֹͣ˹
ݻʺһ̫˵ӡ
ֹŬ㿴Ҷˣ˵Ļ¡
ݻʺֻεطԸոձŶС̫ٽһ顣
С̫ϸᣬҧȴͰλĹڽ˳
ݻʺҡҡͷŮƢȥҪúȰȰôܶԼĽ֣
ЦӦ¡
ҲϽΪӵçײݻʺֹϿ
ֹı飬˲ӬƵģྫˡ
˵ԵǲӬϿԵľʺôһ֣ȫȫµİնҪ֪ƶˣʷҪһʣӳûˣʻĸͨ͵ͨ첻ȥ˯Ҳûˣ
ע⵽Χ˶ڶﲻֻϿȻסӣ
ݵɧֹϿǰϯ
ֳЦÿԻǼҵλɣǸˣĸϷһ
ЦЩ֡
ȻûԳ¾ϿֻͣҪ¾ڲɵ֪ûʲô֣¾ҲǺϿĳ÷
ֹ鿴ֳ֣еǻˣô˼
ϿٲϲֶŮҲһǹ
ϲϿˡ
ҺøʼҳĸˣֳֻʷϵĳЦϣɫɫǸʹ͹ȥĸ輧ҲϿԱ߶ţ˯ĸ輧Ѿߡĸ輧Ҳ޷Ⱦָ
Ͽȷʵӣôһ֣Է͵ˡ
Ȼ¾ڸֱ˾ǣ÷Щ


84 
ϳʼ, һʱʱֽ
˰ʱϯ棬˰ʱĻ, ѾЩƣټϺ˹, ܾģ᲻
Ǳĸ󣬻밲ֳͷһŮ쳯ȥ
Һ粻ϵӭ洵ѹס˻⡢⡣
е, ˳Ѿع, ֻЯŮλǻȺڴ˴, еĵվ, е뽻õͬŴһ̸
վǰĹǳ²ڡ¾ֵ
Ϊ, ¾߹ӭ
һɫ, ɹһЩ, ȴˮ¹ӳӢͦΡ
ڳ¾ڿͬʱ, Զ誸Ҳ˹
ȻȻת, ˾ЦЦ˾ˣҽʱĸˣôûƼ
ݻʺò, Ϊֳ, ʱҲǸŹ, , , ȴȻɹˡ
˸Ƥңûʲô˵ŸɣүľλҲݻʺʱ˳۶͵ģֻһЩ˵ݱȣر֣˳۸һв㾤ҵҵصٰѺһԼãûиݻʺʲô鷳
еľ˾ˣºͿףƢٺòˡ
εصԭҲĸͬţֻ·ϲŪ°ڣʶȥˡ
調ЦŽͣͬкˣ˦㵽ϡ
ȻԾ˾˵ĺƢ϶ûͷЩӡ
¾ڡӽ˾ƣǴߴģŵ˾¹˭ϵģϲ
û˵䣬˾ˡĸĸ˵ٸŴкų¾ڳĹȥ
紵ŽĵĴȹڣΧ۵׷ɡ
ĹȻȥϵƺ˼֡
¾վڳǰ棬ŸĸɩҲ˳ſϳԯ̽복ᡣ
ĳڣ뵡ؿһǣƳһִֻۣԱߵĳƫƫܱܿų¾һŨŨ
յƣȾ˱
¾üǲϴ̫ķ磬ˣ
˵ţĶͷ
۾Ų֣ؽ͵һƣ˯һͺˡ
¾ڹȻ˼⡣
һڵţ¾ó
һҲŻ˻Ρ
⸱ӣ¾ֱӽ˱ϡ
Ũˣüȥ϶Ǿζ
һ˵һֻεȣ¾ڶ
¾ڿƽʱҲͰˣҲȫǾʲôӣ
һֻôһ㣬ȻҲȾ˾
ɵͷ
оȴֲϵģǳ¾ϵġ
¾ҪɺƨˣǺ˼룿Զٹ磬͸˳
һƨɡ͹ˣС˶ֻг¾ڣ˵֣
ĻʵسȻ̧֣ס
¾ϵҲܽʵһ֣һƤ
ԽԽۣ¾üȴûж㣬Ҳûпʲôֻؿ
Ϣ˻ϣǴƵζȻȹĹӾƿҶˡ
֣óڵӣϡ
һ׵׵˿һ˿𲻵ã¾ڻܿϸϸüëصۣͦıԼ˫ӯ̺Ĵꡣ
¾ڵȥǱ˿һһµĴ
˿˿ĦĴ
еܲˣ鿪Ӹ뿪¾ڵĴ
һˣȻûڣ˵
¾ںͷֹǷ
΢΢شš
¾ڵֱһԱ߳ϵĲ˰裬ι
һڻȫˣһʣµĲź¡
һЩΪ¾ڱúûҪȥһȵסڱǣ˵ϵΪҪ죿
ϱҲⳡ磬ûֳ¡
¾ڣǱ߶֪ˣ
ǰɱңǺİϿͷ
¾ڣҰʲôͷǿ첻˳ۡ
ϡεˣ
֮ͥ³¾ڲȫ˵ʵ飬ͷ޶ˣ¾ڱʲôû˵꣬ҵȭͷ͹ȥˡ
ҧֻó¾ڴĺá
ϲ˿òǱǳڴ͵Ŀޣʫ޻ֺɫ֮ͽƺἰֻġ
¾ôظʣ˳ͷûгٺʲˡ
Ȼû˵¾ڵȴϿɡ
¾ڸҪ˵ȴ½ëƺ˼ʲô
ϱӣʱûȥ¾ڶߺԳ¾ûдΪ˹ϵ䵭¾ڲӵ£ḡ
ʳ¾ڣһճ׵ʱô㣬ҹҲַ˯ٷ£𣿡
¾Цֻøݡ
鲻õʱùͷǲˡ
ش⣬Σ¾ڶһ͸άһա
¾ڿ㻹ûңôȾơ
һۡ
¾ڷӦΪң
ǰҿǰ˵Ļ˻鲻ãֻܽ𡣡
¾ȴЦˣԭµʱҲҡ

ȥ
ֻһΣ¾ڼʱ߬ס󣬵ͷĲӡ
.

ϿǰϯȥֹˣֻŷҪϿȥһִĶЦֻᴫøá
Ϊ棬ϿֻŲ
һ棬ͷСᣬһȵľ޸˿Сĸ˸輧뾸ȥΣҪȥ
Ͽ
׷ᣬӣʵϲ
û뵽ջغձϿ쵽ǰԺ˯ͱȥá
˱󽫣׳ʱֻۣ£佡˶
ӣߣ˫䣬ʼƿڴĲ䲻͵⣬Ȣǻϸ⿪ⱲϼҫȻҲ֪㣬ȥϹԹƤǰɣͳȫ㣡ˣ
һ£ʵС̧һʽˣٰŰһֱס˫ȡ
ӣִһ£һ
ҽɫ
ҽͨ
ҽȥǰ˵˵
Ⱦȥ֪ϿϿͦŴӼѵظϹʱѾһƬѪģҲ˹ȥ
ϿȽۣ汻ôһͶ̥
͸ˣҲ
ϣԽ˳Ϣ
һϿĸƽ
ڶԶԶӶ˼ҷ֤Ժ󶼲ٽϿί
˳һŮ˵־üҷ
˰Σʱž˳۰Ԥʹͣ˿


85 
ӹʱ, Ÿո˯ѡ
ͷʹҲɵ
Աˣҡҡ
ơ¶һ˽, ɴᣵʱˮæȥһյˮ
ˮ˺, ˶ˣֻᣬȥ
ЦһأűϽߡ
Առ٣һ졣
ëʹ, ֺ޺޵ץץ档
ǰ¾ʲôֵ, ƩСȴڼͷ, һ, ¾ϾͻԹԵط, , ӦҲһЩ, ʶҪѵ¾ڵʱȴѾ˵һ֡
ƶŲ뻹û, һԲֻĬĬغһ, һҲҹЩ
ƵԵʣ
Ƶͷ¡
һңѾǷ¡
մ, ¾ڻ, Ž, Ͱ˻һ۵
¾ںܻῴɫ, ڲ, ѾǳȥˣոͷӰҽйȥһ٣Ժǡ
ûѶֵԭ߸ף
¾ڣûҪ
ˣɰҲΪֹϲḡ˵
ЩܸĸĺӣһųͷؽиĸĹۣ޲һ㹦ϾҪ߶ϡ¾ȴ飬ں䲻ʲôƾԼϲá
ˣոϲ˵Ͽˡ
¾ڰѸոԺϢ˵˳ô˵Ͽã¸ñʾһ¡
ˣ֮ǰĸ˵µײҪ
¾ڣǾһ٣Ͽһżǰˡ
˳۴ĵ˸죬˶֪ʼҲǽ񷨵ģƫݹʸҲҪⰵʾϲӰӵϢĴ߻Ҳ߰գϼҾĽлʼҹίûо⣬Ӹ߶һѣ
ЦЦսϵӢֶۣӣҲͷ۰ɡ
ᰣȥⷿԤһݺ񣬵ȻϿ͹ȥ
¾ڣ㲻ȥ
ûô
һùյȴͷϵĸ㣬ͷϿˡ
¾ڣ㻹硣
΢΢°ͣǫˡ
Թ緹룬Գ¾ڵĸӦð̫ҽȥΪұɩˣҹȥơ
ɩֻȾ˷纮Ȼһˣɻ֪ϱֻʣʮµĻͷˣһˣǰ浾ϧȥ̽̽˽һϵĲô¡
ȽɩŲͬĸĽףϿ˳ۣϧϡˡ
¾򴽣ʣҪȥ
ʲô𣿡
֪ɩȾȥţǺ¡
¾ڣѾƻˣմһ졣

ɩĲһգ¾ȴѵݻؼ١
Ӻ󣬻һϸѣ¾ڵ˳ǵ
磬ųơ¶
ʱ誸Ѿȥˣ̫ˡҿjһӭӻ
̫ˣùıɩͽѾƣαԹ
ЦڼҲţ˵˵
̫ˣС죬Сʱˡ
ơ¶࿴Цˣ£ָֻļˣǹĳƽ棬ϵ׽û⸣ء
ѹ󣬻ȥ̽ϡ
ѾѾǰ򿪴ɢҩζ벡
ڴϣҲŶʮͣһСȴ԰ף·һ仨ڶݵĻſûþҪˡ
ڴߣеʣ̫ҽô˵
б˶ֻԱͣȫ̫дӦ˵Ĳģҩֻܻ⣬ҪԼĽᡣ
ûĸףʧȥʵıʹϵС֮ʹء
ٿϣɩֻ˵廳ʧȥĹ⣬ѵͲȥиôҪöҲڵĿࣿ
ſڣϵˣ
ؽĸĸȳȥϱģڷҳǰŲ
Ͽ˺ܾúܾá
ѹ˼ίĹһδػƫ誵ĹϺЩί˵
סˡ
̽ԵϣӣôԼķȥ£
Ȼ϶ؿš
ݼļŮӣǶǱĿŮɫڱüӲݲݴ˳ֻǼµĴ֮ЩŮȴҪһʹĥǿؼҺȴҪַܽڵָָ㣬ҲѼ޸˼ҡ
ͬеŮĻԾˣеŮ־ᶨֻЩѾȥĺˮ꣬޸ŵֵعӣǶתת˶ϧǵĺöɣӣȡ
ЩɩԼ࣬ǱأǶ̶ܴ߳ɩҪһӶʹ𣿡
ϵѾˣۣΪЩŮӡ
ıȽֻǼ޸һϲˣֻǻһԷڴĺӣ֮⣬ʳǣҲûеƦԸĸ̫˴ҲͿϧӣٿѵã
лˣģԺ󶼲ٷɵ
ϲᣬȻ԰ףŻ³˹ʡ
ͷЦŵȱɩˣһͬͻȲ衣
.
û緹һʱҾͻ˳¸
֪ϱȥ̽ģⲻҪѯһʾϵĹġ
ԼȰ˵ķʽĸ˽
ϸпƣ˵Ҳ˵˵ȥңСʱҾȰͷӲҪôȰ˶ʮ궼ûãһͷ˵ķڷ˲١
ЦˣҸճʱЩҲ˵ȥݳһʶҲ򡣡
ϻЦеģ񿴱Ƶģһƫƫ䵽ϳ¼ҵı
ҹĻ٣¾ִˡ
Ѿϰںðˣȥ
¾ڳԿڷڶ淭Ļǲͷӡ
Ƴһۡ
¾ڼͷӶɫ˥ˣæĸ׶һ÷ȻΪҲ׳ܸ޷ӵôˣˣֱӾͱˣڹƫƧԺӸң乬
˺ߣô㣬壬㵣𣿡
¾ڣǸʲôʱԾʲôʱԣǧҡ
֪ûһſ顣
¾ڣȥˣ
š
¾ڣүǲ¡صд㣿
Ƕڵпдңֻĸǡ
¾ȻץƺԼµһڣټв˳⡣
ֵؿ㲻ұɩΣ
¾ڣһʣɩˡ
ӹȥһûġ

誵ù˺Ժ
ϸպȹҩȥ洵磬Ѿȥǡ
һѾʶȤˡ
ϣϣĸ˵˻˵ʲô
͵ĵƹͶϣ밵ҲԵѱ档
ΪɷԼ˵˹򵥵ظ
調еĲ룬ˮ͸·һݵ档
˵꣬誷²룬ɫЩϢɡ
δ䣬Ѿ߾
ͦεıӰŽɹе
һ̰ɫŮӵˣһ衣
һ֮ѣֺ


86 
ʮ, ҪΪϿĳ£ǰ
һ㶼ȥ
ݻʺ󣺡֮ϲõ, ȥҪȥһһεӦ, αԱ
һĸ󣬺ȻЦֻǲȥû˵ҪȥĸҲͿʼҽ
ݻʺ󣺡
ҡҡͷ, ԽԽˡ
֪Լĸ, Ӿ, ŮҲԽԽ, û뵽Ůڳ׽غ󣬾ȻﶺŪ
, ˣݻʺ, ǾŮҪָʹĲ¹ڳ嶯, һĲǳ¼˵, Ů϶ҪֹĸŮЦһ, Ҳ᲻졣
ҿɹڲ٣ʿӦҲڼֲɡ
ݻʺŮƬ̣һ㶼䡣
һ깬ŮŶ, , ֮, ŲشҲӰ, Щڲʿ, ξ㼷ǰܲڵסĸȻŮ͸öЩġ
ݻʺ˼ؿŮ
ʱ̫ӹˣĸȥ԰ˡ
գΪ¾ҪȥԼѾ˾
ֳȵһٶӡ
ߵĸߣ٣ǸѾðװֵСޣϿǸˣҲǺģȻҲÿ
Ǻϵζ̫㣬۱˾롣
Ͽúģ챻үƨɿûжֻʵʵſڴϣźһЩѾߣҲɹһµģÿҲֻе֮ˣһǴջһ㡣
ôԼˣ÷أϿӣݹضԻҹﶪӣ׵Ժ
óӦ꣬һȥˡ
ûбˣϿһýõ˵һҪл÷Ҵ򱧲ƽ컹֪ѵء
տʼϿԹ˳¾һ󣬵ʶʹʵϿ־ó¾ǰһæ̫ˣµϿڴϢʱȻһ£뻪Ը¾ǻΪҪͷ
Ͽ˻ʳ¾ڵļ棬ʱ¾ںһۡ
Īǣ¾ھȻ
ϿЩƮƮȻ˵¾ȻǸȴӢܰȥ
ϿȻ¾ʲôһ뵽ȻϲϿ̵ģڻǰҲ¶ֵ
δϿ
ĸòǣֹĹ֮λȫòӻģ·ܽһۿ͸
ֹˣϿԥҲֹӡ
Ͽʱ˼װдϡ
ѵýûйðʧģһлתġЦ
Ͽȭͷִ޻ϡ
ˣȻ˹ҸȳȥֳҪӽĸŻĸ첲뿪ˡ
˴͵Ļֶһ𣬰ֳͷƬ̣Цô˵û
͵˵ģУҴ˽͸ǣʲôġ
ֳôһζˣ

Ϊ˲ùĸᣬĽ¾ڶֵԭ˵˳
ֲֳ㲻ԭ֪ɵһĶء
ģҶϡ
ֳƵСӲɣнץסѱʱ򡣡
Ӿ뿪ʱֳ˻һ״Сʮϻӡ
󣬻Ĵ򿪣ȻǶԼĪʮ
صãóƽϻݵʱ¾ɳƸˡ
ģϻӣһϻӷһ
֮󣬳¾ڻˡ
ǰһ¾ڳԷʱֶĹ͵͵ۡ
¾ڣл˵ôѧСѾ͵ˣ
˵ȥǰ˯
¾ڣаɣǲкηԸ
һۣ˼ҳ飬Ͽת㣬ҹͷǳм
¾ڱ⻰ĵˣ͵ߵľҲȥǲɵҵڣǷö
ȷʵڣֻǳ¾ֹ֪ĸŮݻʺ󡢻Ը¾ڱû˷˼
ǲҲͦģҲף˭֪ǲҲһЩϧͷ
ϿֻǲҲһǳ¾ڽǰľɫ
Ǹ̰ɫ⣬統ֹҪϿ϶ҲϿһ
¾￴ͺһֻιʲôԣһ㶼
˶ʣһ룬¾ȴ¿ӣ˯ǰ棬Ҳ᳤סҹҹ˶ûصְŮ˱ϧ񡣡
˵꣬ص˦ӣˡ

ĸѾҲŭƾˣ˳ơ½ѯ
˽ݣֹǿſƣδŭһ¶ãȻ
Сʣʲôأ
Ȼʱʱض죬ȴûϷǴΣҲΪ̫Ĳźˣү˵Լˡ
Ѿǽ͡
Ҳ޷¾ڵŭ
˾̣ģ¾أùôոһϿܲˣ
ǲ
ߣʰɣҪ˯ˡ
Ƴ۰ϵʣʣˣ飬ɫ糣ȥҡ
.
¾ڳһӲͷƢҲӲ˵Ĳˡ
һʼϵ˻ûֲԣΪµԽԽ¾һžòҡ
һֱµ壬¾ڶס˰ˣվȻҲûлһӾͲµˡ
ü
ĸģЦ˵¾ںúõģ¾ڲæء
Ц绨ϰ۲쳯ƵѾߣץס˼С
Լǳܲ˼ڣգɴϱ̽
£ŵãȱ⣬˺ˡ
ȥĸۣϱ˼סȥԣ
ϣ˰ɣûϲҪί
ϱǲãɳȥֱʶӡ
ĳ²ڣڴæƻ裬һʱϵ춼ڵ͸͸ˣεҪˣָָͷѡ
ʱ򣬳²ðһͷҲĸ״ˣܾܵΪ캮Ųȥ
¾ڶϣӪʿȻſֳҲûֱӰȥ
һ¾Թˣ´һۣûʣʲô
²ڿܵܵĺˣ빫ء
ϻسˣ²ֻøŵܵܽ¾סӡ
ŵůůͣȴЩ֪ݣٹµġ
ϱǴǿ
¾ڼſüͷҪ岻ģЦ˯һݣҸ㰲Ÿ̡ͨ
²ҡҡͷˣȸŪԵ
¾ں
ܿ죬ӳһ̴һȹ
²ڲķʳ˹سˣھϴţ˸ոڿ̺õıѡ
¾ڶ죬͵ڣֱ˿̣Ļ̵ȥǲԲ˯ģôɩϳˣ
²ڣྴΡ
¾һû˸㣬ʲô
²ڸһۣ漴Щصĸ׽ģȥãóʰҪȥĸ˵ŸȥϡϽѹá
¾ڣ


87 
ֶһˮ, үˣԼӻվڵϣƵĴͷŶð
Դø, ͭһѵǰ˳ȥ
¾, Ⱥֻѥӡ
ѥѾһգæŲʿӺ٣ҪһζûУǻǲܡ
²ڣɡ
¾ڳϴţ·û
²һ, Լ, Ь, ȥϱ߿˴
ʮ³ع˽
ȻҪش, ²ߵһܷλãǶ, ֻܿܵܿĺ󱳡Ĳ
۲, ¾ںȻЦһӲʧɫ, ʧˣװøƵ, ȴڿˡ
²ɫƽ, ڿˣ
¾ڣͷĸأôðȻعöȥʱ򲻻, ĸҲܿ, Щ㶼Ūҵġ
²ڣضϲ, , ϵҲá
¾ڣ߿ˡ
²ڣǾǹĳЩе, һ֮°乫
¾ڣ
ڲŷԼ˴绰ȦףΪβȥ϶˵ͽдµһࡣ
˵
²ڣ㻹Ǵ󵨣䣬ǲǿϴĸˣҲЧ
¾ڲļ
²ڣʮ㹫Σɩĸ˵빫ԽԽˡʱһЩ£ùģҸˣⶼ˵䣬ҲֻһŮŻӺǻɡ
¾ڣϹ㶮ƨ
²ڣȻֻܵܡ
¾ڣ
ץӲţ
ɨ۶վŵֵҲ죬Ӿֳˡ
¾ۣѡ
²һȦûʲôζˣҲϴϨͭƣԼı¡
ֵı̵úֻܽǳ¾ڹ˯ڱϣֳ
²̾˿źݶһǵǽ֮ǰ꣬ʱҲܵҪһ˯
¾ڣɣô˵ʱϲԼĽš
²ڣ˵ҲǵˣֻǵСʱ¡
¾ڣ߶һ䣬ŲȥҸ˯
²ڣҷĸ֮Ȱ㣬һղȥҾһգ߶Ļֻ࣬ĴδζңĽɩڼ磬˴ɵǲǳʲô¡·Զûĺ֣Ҳˤ
û˵꣬¾ڽͷ˹ϡ
²Ųͷ˵ɣôˣָ³㲻ɾ
¾ڣ˵ҰҲǾȡûС
²ڣˡʶޣʵ󲻳ô㡣
¾صغһ
ϿٴϵԷ¾ҲܰϿǴֳ
²ڣǸ빫׿أ˴֮ٶеˣֱ乫£Ͳ°ǵûˣ
¾ڣûҲûǸ£ĸż˵ͲҲȥ
ͨ˼ҵɷ²Ӳӣǽ䣬һ
²ڣˣǱģŮһܻ֮ңҲҪȹȥſǰɣ
¾ڣǸˣҲŲм㡣
²ڣˣϾҵĵܵܣһƫģұȥĸףȥ幫㡣
¾ڣ
߬ȭͷԥҪҪ׸һȭ
ԥĹ򣬳²˯ˣµĲ²УֶŶôõ²ˡ
Ȼۣ滹ģ²ˣ¿ͭƣᵽ©ǰ
Һýû糯ڳܼʱȥµ
ȳ²ڴ·Ҫȥˣ·˯һĳ¾ͻȻһȥ㲻ˡ
.
ԽԽ䣬ڵҲԽԽ硣
Թ׼˯ˡ
ĸѾĬĬź¡
ǰ춼ظ극Ҫô飬Ҫô壬ȵһ˯¡
ˣҲûбҪĥʱ䣬һ붬Ȼ
ʲô
óҹ˯º󣬳¡¶һصǵСԺȻסһݣҲϴ˵ڣþһ˵
˭֪̽Σµģ˵Ҳ̫ں
ںźãںôòöģ
ԣֻҪģסģ˯أ
ϴţ˵˵ȥ˸ڣ¶Ҳѣѡ
ûѱȺһִٵĽŲе˯ˣ
СѾǸɴֻźǵĲ£ôѾ
һҺ󣬳¶ᰡ»˴˵ݣȷһ첽Ժϡ
Ժߣûҡμ䡢Ҳûеƣһյվ¡
¶ǳһŰСʣôƣ
ƺߵ˯ˣʲô㣬Ҫ͸ǰкָܲʲôʱҪƢд
⻰˵öԣѾ߶ΪȻ¶Ǻ£ˣ
Ƶͷ
¶㲻ƣ
ƣֻһû˵
ĸѾ߶߰͸ڹˣ׹šʵǸһᣬм£ǷҪҲԸġ
һϳһյƣƵȻ
ԶߵǰĸѾ߾ͷӦԡˣ޷ʪġ
¾ڿĸվһɫĴѾߣٿļݣʣ˯ˣ
£ǰʱǳʲôҪ£
⻰Ǵһ̵ģֻæǰкסһ궼ûϵǶ֪ŭ뿪סڸƢҺùݲͬͨŮӣɷһ֮°²Ů˶Ҫͬˡ
¾ڣ
˵ֱ꣬ȥ
ĸѾ߿ƣү𲽱ƽĸߴӰҴһĸѾ߱ʶÿطؿȥˡ
ȻҲǹûʾȻƴűҲҪס
Ƭ̣ȥ˳
ȥȲ裬ơ¶ߣȻ˴μĵƣѾ棬ҪǰƵģڴμԡ
һӺ󣬳¶һڵС֪Ҫû빫һ棬Աģ÷빫
¾ڣͳɣﲻź򡣡
ĸѾ߶ûж
¾ЦģһûеӶԹ֡
ĸѾʱ˵ݡ
¾Ƴҵţͷ档
ԵúܼȴҲûз죬ֻҹڰʹһһһɴᣣ˯ڰβϵĻˡ
Ѿе˯ˣ֪¾ڻظ־֪ǲǳʲô£Ҳ֪Ӿʲô
ΪϿǵ£Կ湻ġ
¾ڳһ棬ҲȸɾˣڣѾǽʰ
ȽţͼѾƿҵţֻһĨӰ
ĸѾڴμ䣬һ洫ʲôԣǾͻȥ
ҡ
¾ûеƣߵרŷűǰһӡ
˰βؽⴲչڵƽϣٰѴϿŵһӱҲܴϵĹǷѣˡ
ĺķ磬صġ
ĬĬš
Ƕ죬ǾǵĶ죬ŵ˯ڵϣҲܺ
ȻһЦ
˵ĺһ١
ҪôҪô˯ǰԺ̣֪·ŮҪ˯̤ʵǲǣ
ûŮԾӹ⻰ǵ¾׿úġ
¾ڣҲĸ׷ҪңΡ
˯ǰԺ
¾ڣҿԻǰԺʱ䳤ˣ㿴ҵˣԩұǰ˯Ѿߣұ׶ԷòŮϧ͸ѱ㣬ǿǰٿĪ硣

ΪҴϿ⣬
¾ڣʿɱ衣
㻹ҶԴ⣬˵ʲô
¾ڣ㲻Ϊֻ֪һ˵Ļʲô
Ҳֻһ˵ҵôŮˡ
¾ڣ˼ǣҲһְŮˣҶȥ
㱾ͻᣬ»ʱֻһְŮˣҵǰֱɡ
ûԼӢӢڵһ§ڣȲᣬҲ޷š
¾ڣҲ˵»ˣģҲ쾭塣
ӣס䡣
¾ģֻܿһԵΡ
ҧΪְһְģҶѶԷź򡣡
ӵڵûҲԵƵģǣǹģ˯˯ǨͶԷ㲻Ҳ˵ˣǹһŪҡ
¾ڣ˵ô໰ֻסˣ
㻹˵Щģ
¾ڳĬ
ڻΪƿԵʱͷϵıӺȻƿ
ûȻʿͻȻסˡ
¾һ΢΢һ߳˵ֻҪ㣬˵һһ¡һ궼УֻҪԸһ˵ңҲұˣҲҪȥ㡣Щ㶼ǲסǰɣ
Щģ
¾ڣô룬Ǳ㶼е˸ɽ˺ģδô롣
Զԡ
¾ڣס˵ұûϵٰҵʲôŮ˶˯Ըźҡ
أҪųʲôݻ
¾ĶһȦֻ뵽һʵм˲ģҾҹҹ˯ϣŮ֤ס



88 
¾ڷꡰݻ, ȥˡ
ܺĴ̣ոҲͲ˵
֪¾ڻشϣƫ⣺ȥμ˯, Ȳиĸҿ㣬֤ɫѬ֮ˡ
¾ڣ̫Զ, Ƥӵ²֤
ҵƤҲҪϣ˵˯͵͵ȥҲ˵ô֤ˡ
¾ڳĬ
Цλػ
Ƭ, ¾վ, ߳β, Ϊ泯, ֪¾ʲôŲûſȥ
ܿ, ¾ڻ, ͻȻƿŴıӡ
ʶ, ҽŽȴ¾ץס漴Ҫϲ
ʲô
¾ڣҰǵȰһ, Ұҹ, һ׼֪

¾ڣˣ˯̫͵͵Ҳֲ, ټ
˵, , ҵʹѾõĽ, һϡ
, ͣȡ
һһҹɫ֮䣬м
ĸѾ߾أ򣬳µ̽ʣҪǽ̣
¾ھû˫һװ˵ȰˣֻҪҲյĳ̶ȡ
µʱͲˣٿѾµĳ¾ڣ򴽣°ɣҹ
ĸѾ߶ʱףѾͺˣֹ谮ⷽ棬ЩµģƣŽȥã
ŵŵͳ⿪
¾ڲ
Լ⣬ųһ첲¾ְ
ΪҪٶӷŵƽɸĳ˲ɣ޳ֱ㶨䣬ȵĺ籡ޱߡ
Ťƫͷ
¾ڣֻɫѬģھͿ˵ϡ
ҹʺӣҲʺϱ

¾ſ֣Ļƽɡ
ܵİ˯ߴٵã㲻ɫѬ֮ˣ⿪
¾ڣⲻţֻίȫ
˶٣ˡ
ƤҲûʲôҳеġ񷨣ĸ˵ʲôòԣ¾ĸ˶Ը⺰ڵģͲΪһ̶סĿ¶Է¡
¾ڣô˵Ҳûã㷢Ҳš
̫ˣʲôģ
ģǾı˯
¾ڣ˵㲻ţү±ӻҡ

ѾӶˣ±ӾȻҪһ
˵ʵȻҲӦ顣
Ž״طġ
¾Ҳ˵⿪ǸҲȡ
ź¾߳βһյͭơ
תÿߵƽʱרŴǶǰ

ĳ¾ڣһ۾ͷһϻӣűϻӼһģһ
¾ڿ۴ϣٴϻӣȻװĻЩȻʮꡣ
¾ЦЦӾϻóһˮϡ
Ƶģˮܳʱ䱣ȣȻôӵӣҲרá
׼ˣ¾Ϩƣصϡ
һ
¾ѹס֣֪ʲôȷʵŮû뷨ֻ㣬Ҽ˾롣ո㲻ңұ취֤ˣֺα̡
ա
û˵꣬һ־ͱ¾ȥ
.
ҹī⺮
ǵİջں˯ʱ򣬻¾ˡ
˯ǰ֮仹ЩŤڰΰ֮䣬ֻܵ˳¾ǿ׳ļֱۣܵϤĳš
ʶرס
̫ˣһ˯ů͡
߰һյͭƣͻƵĹν֣Ȼ˯죬˫ȴȾϺΣ·ǵƹͿĨ˵֬
¾һֳԱߣһ㣬ôһֱ
ʼձ۾
Ľëʪ󣬶ͷǼⶼðϸܵĺ飬ϸϸü΢΢
Ĵһֱţصغߡ
¾ȥһֱ׵Ҫɿ
󣬳¾ڻȸιˮ
źò룬§һһµͷ
ģʲôʱˣ
¾ڣһҾ͸ˡ
⣬һƬڡ
ٴȰסɣһĸ׽ᡣ
¾ڣԸܣҲûôһ綼ܲˡ
ٶ˵
¾ڣһҪǰԤϡ

¾ЦЦſƿӳȥˡ
뿪ǰյƣȫģܿ˯
һ˯˯͡
˵ʲôĸѾ߾֪үָˣ
ԹȻ˯¡
Ƴױ̨Ե룬̲סʣ𣿡
ֻţ˲Ӧûƾǡ
Ӧ£ﷸֹǻأûȫͺã
ɶˣĪǹֻӣԺѳ
ʱһӣ¾ڻˣ򱱷ХܵҲƽʱһЩ
ԡ󣬳¾˺ԺҺţüͷһ塣
Ĳڴμ䣬¾һյңվڰβµɴ￴̽˯ˣ
û˯š
¾ҲǺ˽
ױ̨һ࣬ڣҲš
¾ڷµƣߣģʣǲǻ۵ˣ磿
е㣬ϰ߷˯ˣԺӦҲûʲôֵġ
¾ڲϲϲڴμţҲðŪҲãһԷ
ͷһ𣬳¾ںȻ׹ǰԸģΪȥסˣȻûбҪٵȣҲµϰߡ
ǣϰߣˣⲻ
¾
ˣҲѰҪԲһЩһӾͱ¾һСš
еۣžش֣һ˫ٵҲ˹ִŻа⡣
¾ԽƶҲľòҡ
ҿһ㶼
Իŭӣ¾ڷЦˣ˵ҲӦʱ䣬űһ𽫻𣬴ߡ
ڽУ첲ȶ㶯Ҫȥģ
¾ڲ˵ңӭײ϶˷ĳơ¶
Ѿɵۣ򴽣һ˫ȴġ
ơ¶Ӧܿ죬Ѹٽķ˷ŵϵİϣæȥ
¾ٰѻŵ࣬￴ĵط
ţҳԷ
͵ԷӺܺÿΪҪ㣿
¾ڣҪ㣬㳤øŮƵģҳԷ㡣
ֱתš
¾ԣһ߿һ߸Լһյ¾ơ
ǲָˣ
Եһ룬¾ںȻʡ
Լǵã˭
¾ڣùѵҪһ

¾ڣˣ˭޲겻Ҫˣ㡣



89 
Դ¾˵Ҫͻ, ͲںԺˣ극ۻǰԺȥҲ֪æʲô
֪, СѾȥǰԺź˴ǣɳӾ͵, ̶ѣαż
磬ԴС̧̫࣬һ밲ӱˡ
Ǻ, , ǵøԤ
һʰ, һ߻Щƽص
ҺԼ, סȥйﶼͲ, ǲûġ
ֻЦЦ
¾ס, ԴϿ˵, ֲǳ¾ڵ¾˵, һ, ܲĵһ
˵ˣӵԲͣΨ¾ڹ, ޷
̴ľͰҡ
ϧ¾ڻǼסǰԺ, ҵŶû
ձʮ³š
ƻʱ, õĳʼƮ˵
빫רŸʳ, Ӳ̽ĸ, ֻ֪ҪΪ߾Ͳܳӡ
֪þƣ빫רűһռԹζζõļտʼԵʱ񳢲ʲôǶھƵĴ೤Żһ͸֫ӿֳ·಻ϵ⣬ʺⱱĶա
⣬¾ǰһʱˣλֳ
²ڵǰТڵں
С˵ĻТʱ¾ڵպþĳ
ТЦƽʱǿ˯Żô磬Ҫ𣿡
¾Ƴһۣ־ǻ˭ϡ
Тڣܱʲô͵ǿ
¾ڣ㺰һĸ磬Ժ궼񡣡
ТڣҲҲŲƽϣбҲô˵
¾ûӣҲûмӿٶȣ͸ߡ
꣬լſڵˣֵ³³
ĵķ棬Ӣˬȫ޳ͦεΣվһĿ
ТȷʵܵԤԵֱܵܵȥðɣٲһˣ빫÷
¾ڵͷ
Ǳ߳²ڸʹ֪׻ûҲûʲôϡġ
ֵܶסԺͬʱТں粻ĵܶ
ʮջؾǴ
²ɫĮѾˡ
ТڰǴ磬ô졣
²Ȼ˹ۺá
¾ȥһ˸ãõһޡ֬
һĻ·ڶߣ㲻ҪŮӲõĶնз˪ŮҪࡣҸ绹ãҲţֻ㣬ƣɹˣһҲǲǣԼ˲㣬ܵˣ
ҲŤ֬ѰģûһζҲû֪
¾Լٴ򿪸ţȷʵ׿ˮƵġ
þҪˣ¾ڽӲؽУٷŵҡ
ˮͰˮ
¾ϸϸһɣҲܿûʪֱۻãûκɬȷʵеˡ
ȻżʱСҲĹ
¾ڱһ֬ѧͿȡ
ϣ¾ڻһ筺ɫԲۣһϻȥ˺Ժ
ҹĻѾȻ٣¹ŵӶŵƣǵ͸ԶҹɫҲů͡
¾ڴμ˻
ôĥôãˡ
¾ڶ˶٣ǰûϴ裬ոն˻

Ͳʣ
¾ھϲ۾ĳϻȿﻹȳԷ
˺ߣһ֣߳һ߷ԸѾǴ
¾ѥӣߣٰϻӷŵ
ϻһװģ򿪣Ȼһᡣ
̰ܻ߸ͨ˻ͳ֣ϵȥǰԺţ˵쵽ҹƣɫӵʣԼģ
¾ڣȿ
ͷ
žỺչһͼҲչǰ
ƼƮƮɣһ¡
ơˣԼ˻ﱧŵһֻãޱľ¡
֮˹˵ãΪ·ɾͷϾµΡȹϾĴ壬ΩΩФȻɵӯиѵá
һϸ֮һʣ϶£
¾ڣ˽ᡣ

һڣŵȻ޴棬򻭽ǵ֣ǣ
Сʱʶ£̡
̨ƶˡ
˴㣬š
õҩɣΨԸ͡
ǰ䶼ʫԭ䣬Ψġõҩɣ˭͡ĳˡõҩɣΨԸ͡
ʫЩȣȥеˣü۾ȻܿӰӡ
㣬ҡ¾ָָˣָָ˻İá

¾ڣãϵŮҾ㻳ӣ˵һԶˡ
õӶˡ
¾ڣֻң˵ҲǱת
Щģʵ˭Ĵ˻
ܺãһ뵽¾ڴȥб˻Էô񣬻ͱŤ
¾ڣֻ˻϶£ͼһҪģһҪ
ŵؿ
¾ڣȻϰ䣬ɸöҲҲѧûѧרôҲܻ٣ֶŶԷĻġģÿһʶǳ֣ԭѾˣ뿴ûÿ
Ȼûȴû
Ҳûʳ¾˭æ
֪۹ߣԼ컭Ķ㣬ϡ¾ڼ͵˻ﶼһģĻȻҲܷܡ
ÿɷֻǻٺã뵽¾ڵĽʲôŮһԶģҲٵ͡
ɡ
ԺѾѾǵĽŲ⽫¾ڻ
¾Цžᡣ
ںãʮַʢ֮Բ
⼦㳢¾ڸһ
ƷľζȹӾƻټϼȷʵóԣÿγ¾ԵĲּйҲͳˡ
ˢ˿ڣ¾ھͰѻβڴͷ
ôô죿¾ڲʣûʲô
ӣеգȾƣ˾Ҳ
¾Ƶӣɫһۣȡһ״Сϻӡ
⡣
¾ڣֵֻǮǽġ
ϻӣһֻӣνӵ˷ֱ׹һֻοС塣
ʽǵһμǳʡ
ԣ¾ӣŲűߣסһֻ׵ǽ
סʱ򣬳¾ѾӴˣ΢΢˻λСȣֻСײһ𣬷ֱ𷢳΢죬ᵽڵֲܹǰ㽫ȥ
֪˳¾ڵ⡣
Ǹôߵġ
أ´ٺȵ㡣¾ڱסĹǡ
ģһ⻰Ļ˼ſڣ

¾ڣͽԺҲֻҹʱã

϶
.
ܾúܾ֮󣬳¾δذȡ½
ӵŽϵĺһ£Ҳָ˼
ų¾ڵƹϴ÷·һ쵽ǮСѾߣֻһҲ䣬ҡҡͷڳ¾׼Ƶʱ򣬵ϾûôС
¾ڿϣѾת˹ȥ
Ǿ仰ʾѾ㹻¾ڿʼϸңܿͷֻ
¾ڿ첽߹ȥƿǣһѺںĶ
ɻչŷﾹȻһīɫĺƤ멡
Ĵ멣ͷһɫģ͡
ͷûԼ硢ǮͷʣҲֺö
ָŨů͵Ƥë¾Ŵߵߣװ˯˵Ҳ̫ˣ洩ȥͷӿ۾Ҫɳ
ֻѰƵĶҴС󡣡
¾û˵ȰѴϣеС
üôСĳ¾ڵĳߴ粻д¸
֮ʣת
ǳ¾ͦεӰӸߣҲںһȦĺëȻӢˡ
Σ
¾ˣʡ
һۣתȥ˯
¾ȥ˶ߵǰһȦϨ֮ѣû꣬һء



90 
Ϊ׸, ͢ľڷڹϣÿһĻƻ裬ӽе鷿, ѯʶΪٵ
Ҳ⡣
СѾԺθүү
²ԺͨԺ¶ǰ, ûãТҲˡ
Ƕķܴʹֵϴůͣ¶Ҳ챻ˡ
ТڶţǱߵôô
ǵԺӿǰ, ȵõϢ, Ҳõôá
²ڳĬ
ʱ, ԶͻȻһĨӰ, ֵȥƵĿͬʱһ
²ڻ, Тڵǳ˳, طһ
¾ǼӺݻĺƤ, Ȼֳǰ
²ڿ۵ܵܣתǰȥ
Тܵܲ, ĿīɫĴͶ˺ü, ûס㣬ǲ
¾ڣô, ֵôɩɩ꺮ů, ҾͲùˣ
Тڣ, ˭䡣
²ͷҲصص, ĸ, ҲĪҪ̫ҡ
¾ڣҡʲôֻ·ϴģ·İջΪûˡ
Тڣ㲻Ҳˣ
¾ڣûš
ТڣҲ֪ûţǼ䣬ô·ƫҪ԰ǰɣ
¾ڣֱ˵깫µģҰ㡣
Тܵһ٣ϧڵܵ߰ʱռˡ
ֵ·ϻ죬һã˱Ҳͬ²ƵģĬɽ
͢鷿˵ǵˣ߳ȻһլסţɶǶæ£ƽʱһʱҲࡣ
һƼ˸ߡġ
һŶЦһЦ͸һֹֹס
Ц鷿͢ɻسˣһɨϡ
¾ڰͦء
͢غһ۷ȥ
ЦˣҪТڷżվȵĸףεȰ²ڸɴ൲ĸǰĸٿĵܡ
ϰᶼЦˣС˼ֱдˣַʽͷӶֱʲôϷÿ
ЦˣҲûи˵ڰֽȥ鷿ͷӣݡ
ֵߵ鷿ǰǱһЦ
²ڡТͬʱܵܣߵĵҲǲˡ
¾ֱӽһơ
鷿ŵůģڳ͢Ŀ£¾ڽ⿪멣һԵļϡ
͢ջߣָԱߵʾ
ճ˳ӳ²
¶ǰӣҲ漰һЩԱУ¾̬ɢؿαĿżҲüë
Тȥ˻Ʒɽ˾£ɽصĸ˰ĿȽ˽⡣
ɫ͢ʵĶӣǱ߱ˣ
¾ڣа¾ͱˣ벻һ֪
͢ûаգøһ
¾ڣ˵һˣ
͢
²ڸҪѵܵܣ͢ڰ֣۲Ĳصȥɡ
ֵһˡ
߳ã²ڲתûۣܵܶ¾ͻȻӿŲת۾ͰѸ˦ˡ
ТڣûģĴǲǵһãػƲ
²ĬĬˡ
á
ڴμϣų¾߽ңûһֻˣüִ⡣
ûۿҲֵ԰ڡ
¾ڣһûʲôҪ͵ģ֮ǰʹͷӵǼһ붬ʹҲ԰ڣ
ø֪ʱʱ̶̿ŸʵĶ䣬Ϊ֮
¾ڣҲ
ɣ
.
Ƕʮԣδζڶʮա
ǰս͵˳ǰɾ˳⹴ѡʮˡ
ѡηȼ˹ƽ̶յ׼ʱ䣬ܱʮĥǹӶܹȽʵطӦ
鷿
鹧һ࣬һһؽ͵ϡ
˳ʣһҳȦͨʿ֣ǳ򵥣úķκ˼
ֱ
Ůָʹ
˳۲ܹȻ˽ǰŮҪǿ׳ʮʿãһЩʿҲܿʿŵ
߷ɿӹһ֣˳ۺȻһ٣ȻǸߴ׳Ȧ˳
ȫȦˣᣬɵµĹԱÿѡʮֵдһݳʵݸϣһݱһݷֱȥʮ
¾λָ֪ͬһ𣬵֪ˣ趼еš
Ϊ궼һǰָʹȥطˣٵүඪӣָ֪ͬҲᱻ϶طȥ
ܿ죬͵ݵ˳¾
¾Ѿ˿£ǧʿҲÿʶ
յ裬ͻȻ̾˿
¾ڣô
ָϵһ˵ߴ׳ͦˣʵҲ׳ɶɶС
¾ڣôҸЩӡ󡣡
裺ûΪ﷿ȥˡ
¾ڣ
ˣߴ׳սʱʵһҲ׳ʵȻ˵㣬ιֻǺһԺ˾ˣҲûˡ
ҡҡͷΪߴ׳ûİ߳ȥû뵽Ҫα䡣
¾ڣˣȰ˶й
һյĹ󣬾Ÿʿ첽ųһš
¾߳Ȼǿ׳ЩھµѵҲóˡ
Ϊβߴ׳
¾ڸ˵꣬һ˴Ҵҵˡ
¾΢΢۾
ߴ׳ˣ߳߰룬ھǶʮȷ㰫ģͨȴҲеȸͷ
ֻǸߴ׳̫ˣһϵĲһмһ˼ӣ߶ǿյģ˵ķٴ㣬ܰɣ
䣬ߴ׳ŵ˾λãո棬ȫۣϴֵʱ䡣
ʿ֪жҪߴ׳үָʹٿԵľŸصͷָʹұɣѡһ
ÿʮˣʮٶˣģϡ棬Ҳй
¾ڿ˵սʱҲǸôһûˣҲûˣϳ˱Զң
ӣߴ׳ӶˣҲЩģ
ҫĻ渡ԺòŲӣ°ͣܰۿ
Ҳֻ򣬲Ϻȣû취
ϵѪɫȥХıվǴᣬŲ԰ӹ¡
ٿ
ߴ׳ҲֻһʱɬѸӲȻֱͦˣֱӳ¾ڵָʹģϳƴҲҪΣ
¾ڣûƴɡԿʱѡˣսҲǱõɱеʱҲҪɱսһǻӢۣ
ߴ׳ͬߵľɫһݣͬغȵǣ
£¾ڵڿʼʮ˳סҪһƽʱʱôѵôѵȥոߴ׳Ҳȥ﷿¡
ʮˣ
ɻؿ¾ڣǣʮرѵһ£
¾ڣʲôرѵڸһ
ͷָүкõء
ˣЦָʹѾǰѹƽʱˣԲ죬ƽľͺá
˻ãߴ׳̽ŵҪѵһ£ܰһ㡣
¾ڣһʲôã첲˷òʧʱ䣬佫˼˷ע˵ĵطĥĥԼȱǿ
ߴ׳
ڵֻгõóˣɱ䳡ϣɶã


91 
, ʿǽһѵ׷﷿Ǳȥ
μԵʮˣΪӳ
Ȼָʹ, ǹӳӵʱ䣬˸ʿ﷿, ͼӼռˣпλãҲһ¡
ָʹ˿˵ˣʮ˱ͬͬס
ɨһȦָԱ߿극һߵȰɡ
Ȼ, һϵŻΧȹ˺ǳذһŷľǱ߳, سߺȣӳ, ߣ
Ǹߴ׳
һյط·ľ, һ߼кţɣҸ˷, ϾͿԳˣ
ʱ, ﷿, ʿŸߴ׳ˡ
Ƽߴ׳üɸߴ׳ô, Цô, ֻǶ˶٣˹ȥ
ߴ׳ЦЦȥʮ˵
˶ǽϤ, ûиһĸߴ׳İ, ټԵѹ, ʮһ, ˳Է, һʱûʲô˵
ǲ˵ΧȴͣشһЩ˽Щں˵úܴ
Ϊүˣժһñӣû뵽û뵽
ǣ˭ȥУȻѡ˸ߴ׳
ʲôߴ׳ҿаСݲŶԣ
ߴ׳ͷһһ׵ġ
ɫ࣬ǵȻҲߴ׳һμӱԣѾǶ֣ʱ˿̣ǸԸЩ˵
׼ȥ˸ɼʱʧˣ﷿ٴαѻȸ
ߴ׳棬ŵ﷿ڡ
ͷͼָʹ˽ˣ
ʿָ֪ʹүȢ˻谮Ů˵ò˫ָʹʮϲÿ·ϺķһʱҲҪϻȥ鹫ȴΪûأ
㶼䣬¾Ѿ
ʮ˺֪ط꣬ˢˢˢվ
¾ڿߴ׳һꡣ
ߴ׳ѾǲŪˣ͵ңٶˡ
¾ڣãûô
˵꣬¾ڽľ̳ŵƾɾɵľϡ
ߴ׳ܿ
ʮûаʵģԱһԼİøָʹˣ¾ҲûҪѧˣϯض
ҶͬͬסҪŤ󣬸óԳԸúȺȡ
¾ȸԼһƣʣµʮ˷ˣˣֲ˭
г¾ڣΧʿҲҳЦߴ׳ˡ
ԹҹĻ׽٣¾ڸʮȥҪסӪ
ͨ̿˯ʮ¾˿ſһͷ
һѥӣȴ̫˼ָʹ˳úãһǽˣظ϶ϴģǡ
¾ڣ˭ڵվţϳȥܰʱ
˱ȿֺЬϿգۼ䶼ԹԵ˱ѡ
¾Ƴ۵һЬӣԺȻִǾ仰ɡ
ĬĬ¡
Ƕӳ˲ʵģ̽ſڣָʹ治𣿡
¾ڣкκµģǵһٵһҲûʲô䲻𡣡
治ںΣƽʱôϸʲô
ΪǱսһ߽ս£Ƕսóܹȥװбĵӡ
˵ô˵ǳԷ˯϶ġ
¾ڣ䲻ӮֻǴӵһɵڶҲǽһӵĳζҾûаš

֪˭Ц˳ЦһƬ
¾ڣˣϤһ°ɣʼÿ˶һԼᣬﶼЩˡ
򵥣ʮνһ顣
¾ڣֱ𽲽СǸ˵һ£ˣ˵£Ūˡ
Ĭ
˶˿ȣЩεصǼʮ꣬˿мرҾȥɽץҰö߲ˣץһֻһ̣ұȺмȵʱҪˡ
ʲô˼˵ġ
ӡ
ߴ׳һͷһ˵ģǰ׳رܳԣֵɩӶңҽһǮǿʱˡ
Ƭ̵ĳĬ
¾ڣ˵ܵһ¡
ҵˡ
ϲѾͷ޸ˡ
Ҹ͵Ǯүү˵͵ġ
ߴ׳󣺡ҵǳ
Ĭٴ֡
ͻȻָʹȻˣҲǽ£
ָ֪ʹ˵£϶Ȣ˹
¾Цûзϡ
ܵʲô
¾ҲûҶ磬ʮ겡ţһ涼û
ˣ
ߴ׳Ҫ˵һ֣˵ԼԶ˵¡ʮʱϲһȥԶˣռͿʼƨر죬ܳԶЦ
˶Ц
ôˣһû
ûúÿһǮ˼ҡ
ˣ˵¡
ÿ˵궼һЦЦЦֵ˳¾ڡ
¾ڣûˣֻҪƤ˭Ҳײҡ
ˣ
ˣԾˣҲõָʹ˻棡
.
պ
ʮıԽڻʼ䳡У˻ǣԼһЩҲԹ
ǰһס˹ͿԸĸ󵽳ڳŶӵȺ
Ҳˡ
ϱӻ˭û¼ҵļӱǰ׽ɵҲ󣬾ȻãڴɲԴ
֪һͬ⣬ɿҲɡȻ˵϶ҲĽ㽡
ʢᣬǶӣƫɵˣһĸӣһЩ۳¼̫մĹ⣬Ҳ˳ַͷ
ԣֻˣʮСﱾϲ߲ۣ˻ؼҺҲ׿ڽ䳡ϵתܵ
Һýš
ڹܷԹ緹ȥǹ·ϣǣŹ֣С
ЦʣղǼˣ
ҡҡͷͷҲǵǡ
˻ܡ
ͷİɣ游£һԣ
Ц˳
ǹ
˲ãֹɡֳϿҲˡ
ϿӣˣЩ飬ɫһԽյıڴ顣
ˣϿǣԼŮЦŴȤûϲء
ãԼŲò׽ҵֶŮǲį
ֻЦЦᡣ
˷ɿشһϿԼҹԭй
С͸ĨƵģлβϲ
ûãй˵ϡ̫λѾ䳡ȥˡ
ݻʺҲ˳
ʣﳤһƬȻӭ洵ȻƤ䣬һŰ
̨֮ϣ˳۵ΰм䣬ݻʺŮϯλұ󳼡
֮󣬲ſǰ䳡
ʮʮˣֳţص䳡мſȥÿһʿߴͦΣӢˬ
ʿǰһӣдƣƩġǰġǰ
˰ڹߣʱҵڵĴڵߡ
Ǹôôݣ
˳Ծص
ͬʱ˳Ҳע⵽ŮʮСи쳣ıüͷһ壬ͬźߵ˵һ䡣
ٷԸС̫࣬С̫һ·ȥܵվʿǰλָʹǰ¾ȥ̨ʥ
¾ڸС̨̫ϡ
˳ۣǸݱô£
¾ڴػϣñߴ׳һʿսǰйȻȥ˻﷿ȻսͷΣЩٺʾ͢й֮ˣʿڽȡȡ
͢뾰˳ۺܽмֻ̫ӣü
˳ƽิˡ
ѡߴ׳ϣаŮñ뵽⡰ߴ׳
Ҳ֪ŮŽ겻ߴ׳£ٵİš
ȻΪβޣǰ֪ܰѡһ϶ŮȻҪһˣ˳ȵ˵Ůһ̨ס
¾ڣл⣬ֻǳãսҲܱ֤ÿʿ޲֣ͬˣһģսȻиߴ׳ˡ
˳Цˣ㵹ÿˣȥɡ
¾ڸˡ
̫Ŀ׽ٿǸߴ׳ﾹȻðڴ


92 
ǶʮıһʮĿ, Ʃ羺ܡⲫս󷨵ȵȣÿֻԵɾ˳Գȡ, ôǱĿǰй¶, ĳЩ׼˹ƽ
װʮǩǩͲ󳼡Ů߹ôҿǩ¶ĲûκμǺš
Ȼվ˳ǰ
˳ۿա
չŮ, չ˳һߴ׳, Ȼⳡ, ŮЩ塣
ʮĿ, еĸעؼɣѡЩ, ߴ׳Ʊ㲻ôԡ
궼޳, ̫ɡ˳չŮȻ, ̫ӻһ㡣
̫۾һ
Це߹
̫ӳʵл, Ȼһ顣
ĿѸٽ, ֱǾܡⲫ
ĿвͬļƷַʽոܷ
˳۰̾, ô, ɡ
һ, ܣ
ν, ָʮ˽, ÿʿ䳡Ӷܵ۷ÿһʿĳɼ
ܲʿҪκθӼɣƷҲܼ򵥣һơʮ֡һơһ֡
ʮλָʹѸٽԵʮСӴλá
վָ֮ʹаӵĹʿƶս
ɽҪʲôսÿ˶ȫԸǣ
Ϊָʹûô¾ڵѸߴ׳гȥʱ򣬹̨һӾͷˡ
Ͽϧҡҡͷþ˳Ǳߴ׳÷нƣҲʩչ
˶ûȥϿֻС
žµС¯ɫȻ
ߴ׳ʱվǶǰ档
Ĺ˿׼ʱ䣬һ͵»죬̶ǱߵĹҲ
ǰĶʮʿѾˣ
˶Ÿߴ׳
ǿ׳ܵÿ죬ߴ׳ôݣؽϹڿɵĲ¶ս˰䣬˷ܵ˲䣬ǱˣȻԽԽԶԶһЩĹ߶
ԭصʿ඼˶Ըߴ׳ĳЦ
ҧ֣߬޲óȥŸߴ׳ܣȴֻؿš
ʮɵ·ߴ׳ܵʮңǰǱߵʿѾܵ棬ʼˡ
س̵ʱ򣬸ߴ׳ãܵøܻǱ˵ڵʱȼĵڶ˶Ҫˡ
ڸߴ׳ص˲䣬ֻĳЦ˲䣬ҧ˳ȥ
һ磬˵سǰܿʲôҲֻǸߴ׳ӰǸߴ׳ǰѪ
Ӱ̨ϵĵۺ˻ܸÿʿǰĲжĸģʿû˼ֱֻ֪ǰܣǰҲطֻǵԼǱĵڼˣ֮ǰѵĳɼжϳԼŻøʲôΡ
ʮָʹָʹĽȡĶûжǿƴʲôأؽһԶǽģһǴ֮ǰܵǼֻҪס֮ǰΣ̫ˡõĴ󽫶ڱ߹أڸЩָʹ̫¡
ЩָʹǶûǰҰģƽʱʿҲ£µʿôܽ߾ȫ
޷͵ʮһܣˣҲʮһ𿸣ûʲôµģతǡ
ңңȵļȻƴһĴߣǸƴ
ֻΪÿ˶˸ߴ׳ʱĳЦΪÿ˶˸ߴ׳ڵĨӰ
ǰǻ˽ߴ׳ദǶ֪ߴ׳жӣ֪ߴ׳жΣ
ܰѷ׷ߴ׳ͿԺܺܶ࣡
ǿǴһģʱʮһڵȴǰһ۷оŸһͬճá
ߴ׳ѾվˣһΪǿ
ǿʮԼǸһҲãעҪʱżлǰʮˣ
һǿҰس˳ȥ
˳۰߬ȭͷʱ˿̣ÿڿԼŮ
ǿִʱѾǰˣ
ʱǰ滹ֻҪõĿĵΪӮ¡ʮ֡
˽ŵȫڶ
ЦסС֡
Уھյֻʣһʱǿѵسǰһܹȥ˽˵İΧȦ
ʮ˱һ𣬽ţ
˳Цеؿ˺һʮûôˣźӣĿԽ̫ӣԳܲ͢ҲΪߵĵ䷶̳Ķ˫ȫ
͢ˣԳӡӻ㣬࣬ȫԱ޲ߵ㲦Сɡ
Ȼ֪ƨ˳ۻǺãȥŮ
ЦĪҪϵģŮﶮⶼԼĹͣǵһ滹ء
˳ۣƾһ㶼ֵ޵ļν
䳡ϣǿ˸˹󣬶ĸߴ׳ơ
ߴ׳Цû£͸ʱ۵ˡ
㶼Ѫˣ˵û£
ߴ׳Զָʹ˵үЦ˵ˣʤʾģѪҲǰ׼õļѪ
ˣ
ǰҸѪߴ׳Ҳĸ°
֪Ƕߴ׳ƭˣӮ˾Ǻý
ָʹߣָʹءǰָʹһ˳¾ڡ
λһǳ¾ڵǰϷ壬һմһݹϵ
ñ£ǰ尡Цŵʮྫɡ
Цֹǰ壬иߴ׳ڶлᡣ
¾ˬʣλ˵Цˣǰǲ룬ֻҪǵһұҺȾƣ
ϴεڶɽָʹҲվһԣ䣬һ¡
ˣòõһɣ
.
һԼƷϣʿӵʱ䡣
̨ϵĹˡҲ߶߶ȻһֱҲ۵ġ
Լ˵˵
ǣߵ̨Ķࡣ
һϮȹĵ°Ʈ֮ǰ֮仹ԣֻǣ˳һ˶ߵĸ̨һ࣬ϢʿˣԼͬǵӭӰ
Զʵ幫٣ֻܿһӨ׵ӣԽʣԽ˻·
ԭؽ̸ĿȻͳǸסˡ
ɻȥٿ誣Ȼָ糣
ͬʱһӰ˳ȥ
ʿȺһĵ͵ЦһȺѪյˣǹۺҲǱߣǸЦ
¾ڲΪ⣬˽ýҴݵ˸̨֮¡
ͷ
ЦЦǰơ
¾ſֶŮ
Ե壬̫ˣҵ嶼
¾ЦƵϡ
䣬Ŀ̣䳡ȱ̫⡣
¾ڣңҿûаգǧӮ
ûʱ򣬻һۣǣ߿ˡ


93 
ڶǹ, ÿʿ֧мкĵļһ֡
Ҳ˵ⳡ, ÿܻõ߷ʮ֣ͷΪ㡣
Ϣʱ, ѾѵصذʮУһ飬һ䳡ſ
ÿУָʹǽӦλá
ʿǵĹҪʮԶĿ, ƾٿ, ˵ҪǰʮԶ
Եľ, ʮ
ʿƽʱϰ, õĶǲ˰ӣֻҪв, Դؿڻ֫ϸȻԵľƽ, кȴֻһӱС, һʿƽʱϰҪкľ, ҲܷӦһı
̨֮, ˳ӡ
򵥣Щߴͦεʿǰǰ, ʸХ, ҲĿ
ܿ, ˳ְĿͶ˴
һϳ, ȻǸߴ׳, Ǹѿ˵壬Ҳøߴ׳˽ձ侰˳۵һסֵʿ
ߴ׳ӼͲȡʱԱ߼ʿʶؿ˹ЩˣҲ뿴ߴ׳ıٿʼ
˵Ҳ
ǵָʹүĲ䰡һѵûǰţߴ׳Ҳһֱڻ﷿ջֻ˯һ
˵ߴ׳֮ǰ˵Ǹ֣רعûˣķ࣬׼ͷڷ
⣬Ǻȴʣ´ߴ׳˰̣װ׽ܡ
¾վһԣ̬ɢؿţ·ߴ׳⡣
õͨߴ׳ʱֻûʿǿ׳伸֧еġ
ںơ
һ֧˼Уȴں֮⡣
ʿﴫһЩߴ׳δţ˦˦֣ȡڶ֧
һΣ˺ΧҲһ֣
¶ϲɫ
ߴ׳ĵ֧˺ĵģ
Ȼںĵĸֶֻһ֣һҲ֤ߴ׳˵ˣ
ߴ׳ЦתĹݸ
ľߴ׳һˣԱ߼ڵһʿȴһѺߴ׳ôãֵĲߴ׳ǽЦ
⼸˷׷׳֡
еֻһ֧յģ
վԱߵļָʹҪˣһýҪʿѹ
˳ۺ˺ߣƿߣڵǼǰé
Сֹʲô΢΢ͷСڰ
ڶԽĺܿ죬ʮˣһ˶ʮֻƶʮ֣ٴߡ
˺ܸˣֻҪ³Ա𷢻ӵ̫Ӧǰʮ
ӵһһӼǰʮ˿Ѿǳˣ
ЦЦſɣһֱʮпͷġ
Щɻⲫǲˤӣ
ʿ첱Ӵֵˤһ²ߣֻǱߵΡ
.
ⲫ
ˤӣֻ˵ʮ˻һһֵرٶ̫޷
ԣⲫõǻսʮʿһȫվһȦУ˭˭ȵȦֻʣʮʱԱǶʮˣÿ֡ʮ˶һģõʮ֣֡൱ǰֵܺ͡
Ϊ˹ƽⳡʿҪȥ£еʿɵҳ֣Ʃ
Ͼôʿǽոոռ棬æűԣסʿòǿ
ӵϢʱ䣬Ҳָʹǰսʱ䡣
ָʹءǰָʹ誡ָʹ½ɽվһ
꣬һֱռǰλãһǰ
ǻϣָʹӣҪʿŽһ㣬ǰˣʮۼһ𣬾ûвҲʾǵݣıɴཫʮ˶ˡ
ͻᵼһһӾռʮƴҲҪѲڶӳȦ
ȻˣĥʲôսȺװ¸Ͽϸ˾ˣ
ͬء½ɽ˵ʱɨ¾ڡ
¾ڱʮʿΧм䣬ԳһСȦӣɷнµ˵ʲô
һƴ¾ʮŽᣬڲ˵£޼¡
Ҳ۳¾ڡ
¾ǻϵŮ¾ˣ϶¾ӣó¾ڽøڶ
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ڣıֻнǰõǰķյ÷֣¾ڵĵѾˣ˵ȥҲܷ⣬û϶ˡ
½ɽʮˣЦ誵ļ򣺡ϴ˵ڶˣ
ܷݾӵֻȽǰ֡
ʮռʮʣʮԸˣǱֻ߸ܷ
ЦҸˣⳡеڶΣ
½ɽ΢漴ʧЦаɣ
誱ϾǻʺֶӣᣬһεڶҲпԭ
ʮ˾ۼĵص㣬λָʹٷֱȥʿ
ֱʮȥٱ˴䳡м仭ĺȦ誶ûֳ¾ϵָʹ
Ȧܴ󣬶ʮʿһһؼм䣬ֶǸ߸ӣվһ𣬺ڶʱͬʿ
ʱһ죬ʽʼ
ʿʶɢԼʿľ롣
̨֮ϵ˿ʿδֵȺѸںȦϲۼǡʮˡ
ĸߴ׳ﶼûܣ죬Ա߼ʿղؿϾ˭֪Ǹߴ׳ߴ׳ͻȻסؿڴһڵϣʹشŹ
ǼѾѸ첲׼ȥһ˵ʿǣ
̫СŻȥˣǳˣ
ĸǶĬĬջ֡
һЩʿɫǱ߳壬ΧʿµǶǴģϾߴ׳ܳˣ˭ʱˣ
޹صʿԭվƬ̣ܿ췴Ӧ뿪˵أȥԼֵǣ
˶ܣȦĵ˷٣ʵҲ٣󽫸ߴ׳ΧסģȻʮˣԼĸߴ׳ʮ
ʮˣȫϴԵҲʱŵһڶɽǰԼ
ûвӣ˳Ҳʶߴ׳ʮˣѾӦ˹ϲضԳ͢ʱˣ
ϢʱҲŮĶһֱߴ׳һ𰡡
͢²Զͬλָʹʹɫ
̫ӵҲʿ˴˴ĻҶͳ쿴С
͢صͷ̫֮
̫ЦˣҲҪԼһϵص㣬иߴ׳˶ʶϸ㣡
˵ʱ򣬸ߴ׳ʮѾʼΧɢˣ
еʮ˶ˣʮˡĶ֣
ʮһ磬֮ɢɨȦȥеɢģҪȦʱһͬھȴܲסԷ̫࣬ߴ׳Ǵδζضں棬ֻܱء
Ȧﻹһ磬ǽǰʮˣ
ʮָʹվȦһ࣬ڿʼʱͶ˳¾ָʹĺ֮ߣ
עֵһλָʹϷƵĵˡݴˡ½˵Ǿ֪ܸܲչʾһʤࡣ
صȻҪǫ۳¾ڣɬüƲߣһҲð
¾Ц˴˻̫ˣ߶ϺзȻ࣬ʤ治һ
ؿȦУʱֻʣʮʮұʮ潻棡


94 
ʼ䳡ܴ, ̨ϵľ˳۵ܿʿǣʿ̸˵˳, վøĳ¾ڵָʹҲ塣
귢˾޴ı仯Ķӳ껿ͬһŵĽǰĶӳ, ٿȦָʹأЩơ
ǰѾõʮ֣ⳡöӮˣһ˲ʣ, շӦҲֻȴ͡
ǽ, ǵһ, õڶҲǶ, ûϵϵأ
õһ, , ûʤİգⲫս, ͸սϽɱһûκ·, ƴ, ƴ˶Ǹߴ׳СݶҲͰˣƫƫʮ˻ܵò죬Ҳ, ȴһɫĸߡ׳溺ӣϾʮѡı׼ǰأ
, ҪҪ£
ֻҪ, ôǰڶȥ, ͿԼϹˡ
껶, ǽģܺãȷӳݡ
ʱǰĶӳˣֵǷģƴҲᱣסǣ
ĻĶʮˣʿҲˣ
ִûϵҴֽˬ죬ɶи
ٿĶӳڳʹɫ
ļҡ֮ʣȭͷЦֵǣǼҴ˵ˣֻҪӮٵľƣ
ʿ۾һҲ̤ʵˣүµүţǻ˼ʲô
ٸƶսĻᣬʮ˰õսʮȳȥֱסһ֣ʣ°ߴ׳ڵĶʮֳ飬ѡԶѾһʿӵһƵȦأٰѲ˵ǸƳȥ
˽սǱߣýʿ˵ȦмѶϵȦ棬Ҫһʱ䣬ټֲʵʵؽϣȥ˵˸ˣ˲˴һľ档
ʣµԽԽ٣һ˶ûʧ
ۿʣˣ˿˫ȵ껼ˣϾ￴ţôǽˣ
Ǳ䣬ǽõһȥú´£
˵꣬һߺȣ껾ͱȦ⣡
ָʹߣһĻأ۽Ǻݺݳ˼顣
½ɽҡҡͷ¾ڣսڣָף˵Ӷ
¾ڣȫ˶ȡɰˣȵ˭ҲǽĶ֣ǰȫǵһɼ˶ԽĲжϸ񡣽ܽҶҲΪڽʱ˵ָ㣬ĿȾѧ˺ܶ汾¡
˵ţһʦ
⻰з֮ӣȴ䶼ʵ飬ȷǿ˶ȡʤ¾Ҳȷʵڽ´ꡣ
ԽܹŷķУԽá
Цˣ߹¾ڣοǰˣʤѾˣݴὫ˲űǳ֮֮͢
¾ڡһ
ָʹ˵ĹȦеĻսҲˣֻʣ˵ʮʿ
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룬øߴ׳˵һĸ˲£ÿɳһˣͷλû¶ԣλ
ܿ죬һ˲ˡ
ñԣʮˣڲ֣ͬʮĶԶʮģӮȫƾ£Σ
ĸĶӳܸˣȻĸߴ׳ռ˱ˣɴԸˣѾǳƽˣ
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Ȼȸտʼʮ˵Ļս˺ܶ࣬ƴⲫʽȴܿʿ۲ĵѪԣ
ߴ׳վţҪǸʿ
һ߸ߴһıүЯϲϳȫߴ׳˺ü£ʱ򣬸ߴ׳ܣԷͣߴ׳ȥþ˳ҡͷЦ
ڣȦֻʣʮˣҲ˽
ߴ׳ڣһʣˣʮ֣һܵĶʮ֡ڶĶʮּһ𣬺ϼʮ֣еһ
ʮŵڶ
ļΪһʣˣڶķҲԣʮһŵ
ǰָʹŸԵʮʿһȥ̨ʥ
ǻߵʱֹ΢΢̧ЦŶݻʺñ죬ȻѻϵĽӮˣţѹܱѡУ
ݻʺԻУηֱ˴ˣıѷֲ٣ζҪЦѡ
Цſ˳ۡ
˳ΪȻؽ٣ȴ뿴Ҳܲ۱
ֹ
͵͵ӹġ
Цｻ棬Ͽ˵ֹĸ°ܽ
¾ڵˣΪ˵һǰ档
¾Ŀбӣû߿
󷽷ؿԼϾʱ˿̨̣ϵ˶ڿų¾ڣɫϲ˶̽
֪õڶ޹⣬ĸ߷Ҫ鹦ڴЯҲֵ̫ÿ䡣
˳Ҳֻǿ˳¾ڣзıôĵһһԾΪףÿĽţޱˡ
¾ڹִޣҵǵóлʦˣֻܻëͷСһڽյĵԣȸǿȡɻʤҲֻýһΰˡ
͢Լģ˿
˳ۿŮԽ˳ۣٵѪֳǫѷûΪһʱʤմմϲ
ӮӮˣ˵ɣҪʲôʹ͡˳ãӮûʹ͡
¾ƴǲܡ
˳룬Ȼ㲻ȱʲô͸ʿÿ˷һǮɣǼüοס
¾ʮ˹ȥл¡ȱزи
˳۵ͷԸߴ׳޿򲡵˹ֿϧģȥ̫ҽԺмλ̫ҽƣҪҩҩǮֱ㲡
ߴ׳һڵ˺üͷҺʱˣȻܰѶͷƣ
͵ˣ˳ǣ̫ߵ̨ǰĶʮλָʹٶʿ˵һ֮ʣܽǣһĴܵߡߣܷҲõһЩӱǿúò´αԿ϶³ĿԴ
ָʹʿǣ
ʼҸ󣬳¾ڵȽʿ泯̫ӵıӰš
Ͽ͵͵شų¾ڣҹ챻¾Źһ£Ͽһ˼ó¾ǲǶ⣬ճ¾ڴͷϿԽó¾ӢΰĶǿ
ôõΪûֵأ
ϿԽͳ¾ڣҲԽʻֻ뵽¾ϲ˿Ͽⲻֵ
˳˵껰̫ȥˡ
֮ݻʺŮ졣
¾ڵ˴վţ̨һж
Ͽڻ󣬾¾ڵʱͣЦ绨ؿ÷÷ɣ㿴ˣ滪øء
¾ƳһֻۣлԼϿԭϿųˣΪǹ
Ͽ
ĸɲ˶ʮأ
ô


95 
Ȼ, һЩµų¾ȥ
Ÿߴ׳ȥ̫ҽԺ
λ̫ҽѾ˾˳۵Ŀگƽʱֻʵۡɵȹ˿ҽǣʱȫۼ˸ߴ׳ǰ
һк, ̫ҽһΪߴ׳õǡ񨲡, ׳ơӲ
¾ڿߴ׳Ĳӡ
ߴ׳ԼҲӣƵҲҲ󰡡
̫ҽ񨲡ĳ֢״Ǵӣ˴˲һִӣΪûб󣬾ҽԼвû񨲡, ơ
ߴ׳˫۱ŷϣһκ𣿡
̫ҽͷ⻹̫, Ӻ, ǿҩ, Ȼٸһŵɻ䣬Ӧܿ
ߴ׳һ, ؾҪ̫ҽǹ¿ͷ
ո˵λ̫ҽæ, ЦҪлл, Ƶҵ˶, ΰæ
ߴ׳̫ܳҽԺ, Ǭ幬ķľŸͷ
ĽŲߴ׳ͷԼָʹ, תٿļָʹû, ԵĻ, ô˿, ҲС
¾ǰһ, ͷѾѪõʲôģԴĳκʲôã
ߴ׳죬һߵһЦ
¾ڣˣȥ̫ҽһ£ҩȥǡ
ߴ׳һ
¾ڣȥ˻
ߴ׳ʹЦøˡ
.
¾ڴӻͭǮ˳ȥһþƣһȥˡ
Ϊиߴ׳ĽʿǸûԽıûʲôϣ
ӽʱ¾ڻȵסѰ಻ס飬׷˦ӣүϳƵĸߴ׳ųȳ¾ڡߴ׳⣬衢Ѿǧʿӭ˳иߺ䡱ֱ
¾衢վһ𣬿ʮ˸ʿǷͭǮ
ÿһģ࣬ǰ׵õģǻʹģıˣı϶Ľ
ͭǮڽʿһź־ơ
¾ڻָʹءɽȼλָʹԼ˰ķ֣ʿǺҪˡ
壺˽𣡡

һЦУѾĳ¾ҲЦˣȥ
.
ҹĻ֮ǰ͢²ڡТڸһ˸һ˴á
ϴݳƼԼͷϡʲôˣôô磿
Դ͢ؾ׸ûһʱعҡ
͢Ĭ
ТЦĸû˵ʽĵ˿ףأĵܡ
ϵȻֻ֪Ƶģ䳡ϵɫظ˽һ飬٩ɷѡ
͢бһ۶ӣӣôûظ
ʱǰԺĹʹˣ֪Ĵʱڼҡ
ϣ˵Ҫȥ¥˼Ⱦƣ
͢
ϣʲô˷ͷӦһ²Ӧõģ
͢õķۣʱӦȷԱ⣬ȢĲˣܸˣ
ϽȻȥȽݣٶɷİɣͨˣֲǾӦ꣬һεģ⡣
͢Ⱦ¡
ϣأ˭ȥ֡
ǻϵ۾ţЩڶǰ绰˵
͢ÿɷ
ôƽʱܾĲľ͸㳤˰ɣ
͢Ͷȡɰˣԣߡ
ϣʮģչȥõҲܲˣ˵иߴ׳ء
͢˾͸ˣǰٿ伸䣬⡢ԡ
ϣаɣС˿䵽Ҳȵס˶һƮ
͢
.
á
һԼ
¾ƽʱûӦ꣬ϻҲˣϰˡ
Ъ£ٿ飿󣬳Щѯʵ
˿ףǸϲӣȴûеһʱϻ㹫Ƕ¹
Ȱͨɡ
¶ˮ볯һ̹棬¶ȥ̴ӡ
ױ̨ǰ
Сȡ¹ͷϵ鱦Σɢ٣Ϭͨͷã˳˿Ƶġ
ܿС˼
ʱ˹˵ˣǰԡأʳû档
з빫һ롣
ȥ˳
ߵĸѾ߶һ˵Ӧ꣬ǻΪҪһػû뵽Ȼôɢˡ
Ҫͷ𣿡
á
¾ڻʱͼһڴμůϡ
ƹͣһнɫߵĶԽӣһͬɫĨأѩ׵ľϴһ
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ٵѻڳڼͷĵˡ
¾Ьӣߡ
Ƴһۣƫͷʣ˶پƣζôء
¾ᣬεȵе࣬ˢ˺üŹ
ŲӦǳ棬ָָг¾ȥ
¾ڿǰֿɼĹûסȺݺݱ£Ѿ߽ǰɿ֡
Ʒ̾ȥ
¾һ߳һ߶Ż˿ףûʲô˵
룬ʣҪʹʱûҪʲô
¾ڣ˼ѾѹıˣǰҲϡ
һۣ顣
¾ڳԵúܿ죬ȥԺˢһ֮󣬱ȥҡ
ӦģܽǰʲôӦҡ
һͨ¾ڿ

¾֪Ĭˣȥö
Ӱ
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˵һžӦҲˣصӦ󣬱á
ĻҲ˳ۡ
ôܲ˳أֹϿڵſЦƫƫ¾ں
¾ڽݺ󣬻ȹ۲ɫ
淳ʱ񶼲黹˼
¾ѿ͸㣬˵ɣѸٸҡ
ɴһţһ𣬻ǽŵġ
ⷽ棬һֱе
¾ڴӱһĶһߵ˵ʵҪʹʱҺһ
ϱ˴ͣճ׵ʱ򻹻죬˵࣬ȻҲûл̫˽ĲΪʲôʶʣʲô
ǽ鱦Ǹ߹ٺ»
¾ȴϣĸԸظһء

ʱգ¾Ҳ֪⻰ϽϧǰĻᡣ
һ£ʱĻǷŲֿܣÿγ¾ڲſʼҪ
¾ڿ϶ǲԸģǿûڣڲãҲҴ¡
һ¾΢һܲãļظ
¾ףݺݵذס
ڻΪҪ췴ʱ򣬳¾ڶ۾ܻҪ
ôģȴ
ϱӵĳ¾ڣû
.
ȡ궫¾»صϣֻ۾ɫЩԡ
˶٣סˣǻǰϲ
ΪֻƤŹòͷſĲϲǿ
ҡҡͷá
¾ںͷųޣ


96 
ƽʱ۵ӵͦ, ⻹ûʮ£ûˣ
¾໪ͷε
, 
ƽʱ¾ɽģʲô, ·Ƕʲô£ֵԼظܵ¾ڵж
һֻɲСˣ֦ͩϾŲŲ, ¾û취, ֻ֮
һ, ɴ౧, ˰β
ҹ˾⺮Х, ¾ȴŻһȦһȦ
ǻ, ˲»صڡ
֪˶, ¾ƿˣ˯Ƶ, ſһ, ¾ЦЦǺá
߳βԴ, ߵϴǰ
Ǻ, Ҳ, п, ɵһ, ȴԵΰͦΡ
ϴˣ¾ڻͭ赹ˮʪǰõĽӣ
ǵĶҹõˮɱǸҲ޷̫ýӲһĺҲˣԡǵͷůʱ
һָͷ붯¾ڴѾƵź
ʼձ۾ֱ¾ڰ¡
æˣ¾Ϩ˵ƣɻشϣ§
ſź䣬ɢһٵϢ
ǱѾ̴ʱӣ粻֪¾ڶȥˡ
ָĴǣ¾ʣҪҫʤʱûһΪ
գգ۾ڣûҸ֪ˣ´ٱ䣬ⷨӿ϶ˣˡǱ߻ϸ
¾ڣ㲻˵Ҳ磬ŵڼţ
֪ûǰķֻ̨֪ʥΡ
¾ڣķ֪
ţһֱǼأϵʮÿӮ˼
¾ڣȻֶŮףҸ꣬ҲûҼǷ֡
ʶؾȥšȴ˳¾ϼû׸⣬һšˡ
¾ס֣Ҫššƨɣࡣ
ʹ˻ûһѣ˯ɣ
ûˣٱһ¾½˰ǲ֪ǰҲɾһ㽿˯̣ͨǱʮĽųѬˡ
һ㶼ЩĵĶܲĵģ
¾ڣʲô
룬ʣ̫ҽΪߴ׳ΣĲô£
¾ڰ̫ҽĻתһ顣
ɣΪߴ׳ܹˣȴϱӣ¾ǧˣȫûֻмʮΪǰսˣûвμǳս£ѡ
΢΢
Ⱳû˵Ǿ仰Ҳս
ֻҪʻţԥǴͲ췴
.
Ѯһѩ
գ˸һϢ
㻻һô۵ĳѾ߳ˣΪݹҡõǳ¸
ǰŴǾĵطŮҲĸ׻Լϼнã߹ӡ
ͣһҳǰ
һմվڳߵĳ˵һЩϳͬӵȥǰĶ౦󡣡
ͷ
ٷԸϵ౦ȥ
˵طɴ
쵽ˣЩ˼ѾʼԤ︻ģҪΪðһЩΣͲ档
ˣ˿̶౦лֵͦģδĹĸǸռ
ưĻδˣҺɫȹͷһԲϸ
Ȼһ٣յߣλǺ
еĺŻͣһٸŮվһ̨ǰѡΡ
ųơ˹ȥ
ͷ̨ڷŵΣֻƿ
ƿ˽һλǧŮʮꡣ
ϱӵĺƿĶΪŮѡһٻøʵĳ谮̶±ΪȻΪ϶Ͱߣձ
ʱ򣬻ûмԸʵЩŮˣǱ仹СŮȫûȤл棬Ҳܿ
ǣȴҲ޲ԹĸͲ⸸ʳ谮˭ˣûҪ⣬ߣʵЩͬЩʮСġʵ󣬶ʮˣʱ㿡˺Ҳ̫ҽ˵ľûУϡϡ衭
Т˳Լĸʣϣֻ꣬һİѮߣһ۶࿴
Ҳ֪ʵֻһ⣬Щ˵ĵҩ缸Ϳʼˣƿֻǰչ޶ѣǴݺ
Ⱳӣ븸ķʽУĸı䲻˸ʵ̰ɫֻ취ƿʹʻŮһƿ˶øǰԳ谮ټγңٶڸʵ塣
ԺƿҲǺ£ȲίһϻʵۣҲһСĶ
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һ˫Ư۾עţҲԼֱ˰ɣ
ԽͺƿԸʵľر㲻Ƶر䵭
ΣǶĸʣ谮мӵĸʡ
.
ȷϹƿòټѾ̽˵飬κָժ֮ɩࡣ
¼˶ŻƲ΢ûҪཻãԼš͵Ƣһͻ˵Ҳͽλɩ̸϶׽ҲԸӦӦꡣ
ϣƿڸѡּ·֮ǰ춨»¡
ðȻͨýȥ˵ףûкʵзѡδػŮ޵
ǰѸҪѡϢңֲȷǲǸԸŮͽȥ衣
˼ȥֻΪƿʡҺһܾˡ
ɻǹ˹̫˱¼ߵӣͲʶʲôС
಻һ޼ھǽ˺ܶף㡣
ֱӶ˼ϣڶǰﺫƿöһ¡
ͣλкԨԴΪҪ񣿡
ϡ빫沣ûôĹһǧҵŮεºܣ
ЦԵɣɩֻ˵ܲܰæǣɩü֣ȥͷˡ
ѵùô빫õĻᣬ֤ģȥ̽ݼǷкʵѡ
ɩˣɩұܣĪҪ֮κ֪Ҳ˴¡
ף
࿪ʼƵݼ߶ǵóТڻʹæʲô
ɷҲû˵
ѮãЦеشһϢиܣȻЩˣӣϰһùƽʱ׵ĹҲܶءҽ⣬ýȥףҲӦˣǰܽ
һǹҪѡ㣬ҲٰŮӵǼڲᡣ
µ侪ˡ
ıʮãǫⲻʲô溫ýŰѻųȥǵʻӱ㶼Էˡ
Ц֮ɩһæԺɩʲô鷳ҡ
׼䣬ȥ
Тڻһֱţϡˣôˣ
ࣺϡӣ˹ֻǾʲô²ܸ㣡
ТʧЦ
ǰṫڹֻԸӼЦ˵øմƵġ


97 
߶¶ʮС, ԱҲС쿪ʼ٣һֱŵʮԪѽڡ
ż֮ǰ¶ʮ, ˳ټһھǣֿһγᡣ
γҪ, һܽȥһԱǵչһҪЩʲôͼʵЩĿꡣ
˳۲ô˵߸ϣó͢Ϊ׵ڸγ, Ҫڵʱ˵䡣
, ȥ, Ȼӯʮ, ˳Цˡ
ȵ۳ʱ⼸궼벻, ȵҪԼ, øڸĶǲһ, ͷҪ
ǻͳǰĿʮ, ö, ɹĽҲֻǻƽܽӯ༸ڶֿȥ, ֮Ǻ, ӹ, һξһΡ
, ͢׸, εһ¾дһ裬ԸԱʵСɷһǰȫ˹ԱķʽǽԺ˲ǼǣͬԹԱ½п졣
ɷһȷ˸عԱǵΣͷʹùԱǲְأµ£ö˰ҲʱˣطǷ˰Ȼӡ
·ʵаĳЧ˳ţ·ԺֻԽԽӯ
ǰǮʵͬˣ͢ʵпɷʱһȺ鷴ԣоٸҪѭƣ˳Ҳԥҡڹǳ͢ĵر֤˷ùԱʵ¡ùգټݻʺҲΪ˷У˳۲żᶨ̬ȣȫֳ֧͢ѹȥ
·ЧˣݺݵضסЩȻĹԱͣ˳۶͢ü
Ȼ˵꣬˳ۺĵؿ˳͢һ٣󻹹һ͢壺Ϊ·񣬶̶̰ͷϾȻ˰׷в̰ҪҲϧ塣ʹӽӯﲦһϵá
͢æƴǣɻأ׸صίڳһжǷ֮£ٺ»򲻸ܻϺ͡
˳Цйͣй֮Ŀãƴǡ
Ȱ͢¡
͢Σֻߵл
˳۲ûֱӰ͢רһλĵؽʹ͵¸ȥ˲ȫǵİն֪͢˹ͣó͢ļ˶Ըʥ
ʥּһ¸ԺǶϽԺּ
Ҳĸߡ
ּСһ˳ۻ鱦Ρ޳С֬ˮ۸䣬˼ν͢ļҾ졣
ߵл¡
СǮٴյ˵˵Ȼ͸ˡ
һߣ¼ԺҲЦеضϵȥʱٷ˿޸׵Ŀɷʱʵ̫ף϶ʹ͸ˣɼ׵·أ
˵ֳ滰Ҳ֪׸úãΪݹ档
Ͽʲô··ģҼʶЩҲһֱûŪףɶ
Ȼϱӹ·Ȼ꣬ӯȴһһ࣬Ǹߴİ
ҹ·ǡɷҪĸֻϧţĸδüУķɹԱǱӵϣŵܸܵĻᣬҪϳһϵиĸָƣ
ںԱ֮ĶԹֻ֪ĸĸó͢ˣðհҵˣǹǺù٣ԹĶϲ⣡
ʱϡࡢǶŻͨ׶ķʽҽһ
ǴϻۣͷӸ˵飬Ҷû
⻰Ź֣ĸǵغܣˡ
ּ⣬˸˹Ҳɢˡ
صûãǱ߽ѾһϻӰһϻΡһϻ֬Լƥ
󣬱Ǿ˳۽ʹ͵Ҳȫ룬ĸŰˡ
ѡһƥҺɫģԸᰵƥȥŴС㡢СĳߴӣʣµҲЩС
ϲСҲԽԽˣ۵һ㡣
ЦŵλСиܵùϲ
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.
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¾ڣִˣôĶӣ綼档
ѾõˣҪˣһĸȥۡ
¾ڣһˣʲôûطãǻǸӰɣҴ㿴ջǷӭ㡣

ӹӣջ˰ƥҲȥǱߡ
ѵãԳ¸ߵû̫ģӹģƽʱҲǱߵ
綼ԤˣĴСյƥЭæµպͰѳ͹ˡ
ˡֱһҺɫӣֻʽͬ˵ĸĸ
ӣҵС
ֱ˰ѽ˹
꣬Ϊ˿ΪԤӣۡһ˵ס죬۲š
ЦԿ
ָôصӣײҴȥġ
Ǿһŵʱ򴩣깬ԪƻᣬҴȥ
Ѷˣܿء
йţĸ׵ԺЦӯӯػӡ
¾ڳŻͼһһСֶŮûƵģǵΧڻߡ
壬ǵ·ÿ𣿡
Ƥʡ
¾ڿۻǵÿ˭ȡ
岻ףһӾˣ˵Բǣ
ƽʱϾҪʮһء
Ϊ˲øϽ
ҲţֻѾǶº󣬵ɳ¾ڵԺҪںǰ˶²˵ʲôȥɩǰѧô죿
¾ڣУ´ֱӿǺÿÿŮȥˡ

ɡŮֺá
زԣ룬ŵҲˣ³š
¾ڱȥҡ
΢΢ζӣһ׷ɺƣһ筺ɫʨƣҲ֪ȴļ
Ӻݻĸʷ·¾ںմߡ
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¾Ǽ筺ɫʨƵӣɫ˰ףʨ
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ԭֻѧĻ¾ȴ߹סֽһʣ˭ȣ
ΪҪṫȿˣյؽ졣
¾ϣͷס
ԽԽû
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¾ھͼס
ΣǲϿڡ
¾ǰĺܶҹİʼնڣ˵ģȾԼǸٶ
ÿһ£ÿҧһڡ
ŵĴ꣬¾ڽ˹ȥ
ҧƤӽûҧͱף
¾ȫǵ⣺Ҿ֪㵱ͬ¼ޣ


98 
ۺá
²ڴ㸸˵˻, һֽ
ֽѾüõĴֻֽԢ⼪ĺ֡
͢ʱϲԼдڶǶ˸, ͢½ĵĶӣϴд, д
ܹд֡
²ڿ㣺ôڣ
Цȥˣ
²ھûٶʡ
վߣΪĥī, ĳǰĸ, һƥĸҲܴɫ, ץʱڳϦǰΪĸһӡ
˶, ˻Ϊֻĸڡϵӣڰ͵Се㺦еϲվڴμ, ˶, ټװ°ӡ
ȥһֻ, ˾סˡ
²ڳſڿĿ䵽Ů, ٿŮִٵС, ²ЦЦűʣģ
˽ŵصͷ
ǵĸ˼ƥĸóƥҪ, ׾Ͳ̫, ˵׻û
²ڿŮͦÿġ
˻ͷ, ϵĸ, С͵ƴǹ, Ժŵʱһ𴩣ҪͻȻˣҲỻٻ
Ŀ᣺Ȼǹ͵ģ㰲Ĵǣֻ̫ȻɣСŪˡ
˵ͷĸ׸ˣȥˡ
²ڶԴɵҲȥɡ
ɹԹԵˡ
ߣɷĥ
²һдһߵ۰ˣ˵ĸֻǹȴ̫ٸ˽
㿴дõ֣֪ˡ
ϸշʹ͵ϣɷ͸еơ
ϡع٣·ҲȴԱ
ÿɷ˵µĹԱǱԷ£԰մ»СС»ˣϷƨ͵ТٵɣӶɳ͢Ҫϸ񿼺˹Աǵ°첻þҪٺԴ൱ͷһʱҪ鼸£ЩͷĹԱȻԸˡ
طԱֶǸ߲Աһݳģ·ҲŸ߻ϣԭЩٶһȺҷ
񹫵ڻǰ⣬Աȴ޲ðѹѹȥ򵥵İ취ǶԼ¼ˣһ˷ãСҲȥǰ˵죬һһûԶ
¼ڼͻȻȥҡоӹ԰֮ӡ
.
Ϧ¼˾һһٷʢҹ
Ǳ߿˺üۡ
깫飬ʵлܼԽˣϳʲô仯ҲԽײ
ע⵽ʱһƬںڵͷѾ˿۽ǵҲˡ
Щᡣ
һ˵ȥԱԸϹҲͰˣƫƫЩ˶Ÿɣ뾡취ҪƹȻõ˸ʵ֧֣·гڣȻҪԲ鷳谭
ϱӹæµڼ仹ʧȥһӣΪ̫̫ۣҲڲʮȥˡ
뻪ӵȣܸ꣬͢ˡ
ںЩԱεֻҪϡ̫վߣֻҪڸ׸µĹԱǾ͵ģҲҪ·¡
·ܹʵУܹ֣ܹӯ͢ı㶼ֵһᡣ
ϯɢ󣬻¾ȥ
סȫǴٹˣеĸڷ̻еĸϷӣ¼Ϧ÷Ϊ塣
紩ȣ˲˵μůϣֽŶů͹ˣ¾㷢ûױǸջؾʱ˺ܶࡣ
¾ζؿһۡ
ٳЩеûģҲ֪һ
¾ڵȻ֪ͷӻרŰֵܽȥҪǰؼĪҪ˰ѱ
Լѡ·Ҳûá¾ںȿȲ裬
һƬڰʱһ澵ӣճ
¾ϿͷӵӰӡ
һ
Ĭ
۹
϶еģ塢Ρ۶У֪·ζΣأûȰ衣
Ϊǹĸƫʼ볯͢Ҫ·Ҫͷβιٳָ
仰˵ҲֻùĲŸɰˡ
أ⼸û鷳תƻϱӣ¾ĹЩ
¾ڣڹң
ҵҹ㲻
¾ڣǳ꣬Ҳŵȵһأеܳ

ʱˣŲֻһء
¾ЦЦһãʱ򶼴Ա򽻵ܻЩż
żҲЩ֮٣ҪһսģĽùϵ˼ҲЯЯ㡣
¾ڣҶЩ첻죬ҽЩֵȥύ
룬ԶĲᣬֻ˵ھǵģսպգϧ˼ҶӣŲɫɩ游ϺүҲǸȻһ粻ˣһӵ̣ȥݷðݷã档һģҲֻ֪
û˵꣬¾ͻȻһס

¾ڱҵʱ򣬻˷̻ˣȫĺ
.
һ¾ʰ׵ǰøϰꡣ
͢Ƽ˶ϵۡ
֪ӵȻҪ㹫һУֻȷʵ̫䣬û˵ʲô
ķ뿪ЦŵҪ˵ȻЩȴֵﳤõģվһͦ䡣
͢һӣ̫ƫ
;ϴ󳤵Ҳء
ɾϴڹǰҲֻΪԱߵһǳȫᲢۡ
¸⣬¾Ѿ
¾ڿ˿Ӻ࣬ϰߴôӣܻǲ˿
ǵϢ
¾ڣҪ־͹ͷӣСңҺѴоǱߵģƣܲģ

⣬Ҳ˵
ͣڻʳǹ⣬¾ڷ³ʱƼҲһݣӦϿһҡ
ûҪϿͬе˼¾ڸһ۶Ǳ߶࿴
ϿһվڵϣֻƼ޵ıӰ
һ£ϿȻ̲סҧгݡ
ˣΪڼǺ޳¾ڴһȭΪж
﹬ƺͿԼҲӶ˴ӾȻǨŭ¾ڡ
ĶߵϿߣˣǲǼƽϡҪǼƽϲ𰡡
ϿӰǡÿĶӣװֵġ
뵽ôöȻԼ⣬ǳ¾пãϿ
߰ɣʿѾűˡ
Ͽˬصһĸӣϥ¿ţ̫ԼǸӣԶֻ߶Ů˫ȫøʹ游񫡣
˳ۡݻʺ̫ӶǬ幬
ϿһĿڽŻǵġ
˳۽ˣŮ׼죬ĸ´ϡʱ˳ۺȻʲô޵Ƴ˳¾һۡ
¾ڣ
Ƕ˺󣬾˳۵ݻʺҲˣôûϢ´밲㰲̫ҽƣ
ݻʺЦԩˣʹ棬żء
˳ˣΪʣ¾ڶŮϣ죬ֻͨС檡
¾ڸŻ̫ӣ˶͡
һ˳۽ʹ͹һ˾ֻ͵ıǹ
¾ڹлʶɫȴЩŹ֡
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99 
˳ʹŮǹȻǺǹ, һߣʮǹͷޱ, ˸İ⡣
̫ĿǰֻѧһЩȭŹԼǹ, ȳ¾ڻ˷ܣҪ¾ˣһǹơ
¾ڻȥ
ͷˣÿγ¾ڼʻܵܣܻ¶һΨհĹģĸҰçײ, ʵ˭
ȥ, Сĵ㡣, ˵վ, һһСһȥˡ
¾Ǹ˱ǹߵԺм䣬ǣŵܵվ, ־롣
˵, ǻڶο¾ǹ
һλϱ, ĸȥ࿴¾ڵʱ
ʹ࿴ҲҪҸ, õʱ¾ڽ, ʱԼĽıΪɣ˶ʮҪд衣
ˤӲţÿʿѡһ
¾ѡľǹ
Ӹ, Ӣ, һľǹҲˣ緢, һ˾, Ϊ̫ǹ˲Ųò³
ǻʮ, ȻĽĶšӣսҵĽӢҲΪ壬¾ڵƤҡֶ⣬ټǳ¸ϵĶӣ޵Ƕʱ䣬Ѿѳ¾һǰ˫ȫķ
֪ɡأ
ã
̫ͻȻĺȲ˻˼ǡÿ¾ˣһƯǹʹǹ
ٿǹЩɻϱ꣬ʿûͳ¾ǹΪλֱ仯
ܲǳ¾ڴԵøˣҲŮĺȸȡ˰ɣ
Ͼǹ꣬ûڹﵢ̫ãϼʹ;ͳˡ
·ֹǱ߻Ͽһҡ
С̧̫һϻӣһǺöϿãʲô
Цһ˱ǹ
¾վһۣ࣬ɫ
ϿʶؿԼ졣
̫ˣϲӣΪʲôȴҪرʹͣ
һΪ˺ȣ¾ڸиʴ
ҲǣŮһзڱ˿ףһֻС檣ǸʣҲƫǰߣ
Ū׺Ͽݺݷ켸۵
¾ǹֻ̫ܴڳǰ
ȹڣһƫͷ¾üͷΪӡ
ʸʹͣô̫ˣֵʡ
¾ڣڱңҿ϶ˣɽʱζؿһۣºһ˽ǹҪô룿

ǹһֳɴ˵һӾͱ˱ġ
Щ̣ƫ㲻УҲʹ͵ҩ˼
¾üʲôҩ
һ㶼ЩŪĵҩɫ¾ڵ붼룬֪ҩ
¾֪ܲҩ
޷ﶺŪѣͻȻ¾ҲϾ뵽˾˳۵塣
̰ɫھ沢ʲôܡ
ڻųݻ֮ǰ¾ɫģҾ
ҲҪֻ⻰Ͳ˵ˣʱȻûƴڻ顣
ų壬۾
¾ڱֳĬһֱͣڳ¸ǰŷ·Ѿѵҩ׵Ժ¶ЩϹյЦ
صã¾ڰǸǹǰԺðۡ
һ򣬵Ժͼ뻪᣺Ҷ룬Ҫȥļң
ǰȫ룬׹ֶ࣬үǶ棬ϹȴһЩ˾ǣһЩϱѾȥˣµȻҲǻףĸۡ͢ûн飬ȴҪ¾һ
Ҫң뻪ĹϵԸĸȥֱͷǡ
ˣСѾȥ˿ⷿ
¾ߣ룬ʣǼҲжϯҪҪȥ𣿡
Ȥȣļң
¾ڣϼҡ
ڸλϣЩһദʱ䣬ܱ˴һʱ仹
Щ϶ȽϤֹ֧һɵģԸһӡ
ȥɡ
˵꣬ͼ¾Ц¡
ʣЦʲô
¾ڣ˵
ԡ
¾ڿǾãλϱȴʼݻá
ûôߵ֮飬ܰ︸ʴ£й֮ˣЩʲôҲͰˣ˼ģҺαҪȥӦꡣ
¾ڣţǸˡ
գų¼һǰϸϸ硣
ǰ棬³ʱһɫۣԴһСӭӹ
ʮˣͷӰһ룬ǱȶҪѷɫ֡͢
¾Ա߿ţֻҲǾؿ
ٿѵĶӣҲû뻪µģ¾ڰҡ
һϸͷһòڣҲǱõݻʺδػ¼
.
³壬ĳָʹ磬¾ڵȥģʱһ
ԾǰԺЪΣѾǻƻ衣
ԡڣȥ˾¾ڲԺһ
ԷҲЩڴμġ
Զϯȶپƣ澡ˡ
¾ڣҲȣǷҪң˶ˣֻҲȣӡ
ΪѣϿûһ㱻˱ȺȾƵĳơ
룬ѳ¾ھƳһӽˮУأ
ڳ¾ڶýˣһߴգҲûʲôҪƽϵġ
Ҿ˾˼磬ûɣ
¾ڣ̫ʮ٣ĸͬյ붼ˣרŵȥ̫˰١
ͷĸĴӣʶʾġ
ԹѾһƬϴһɵϡ
Ϣģ¾ڵȴһֱʵ
ֻûԤ룬Ҳûá
ֵúѣڿ˯ˣȻ£ٺȵơ
ϱĸף٣¾ںȵر࣬ڴߣһ
¾ڣÿҪҪҡ
ϯｻӣߵȶˣ˯ǰߡ
¾ڣٺȵ㣬н𣿡
ΰɡ
.
ΪԼĸҪ٣磬ų¾ȥ
˶Ҫʱڻ徲ֻɵæµš
誸д¾ڣҪ£ɩ̫仨԰
ģ̫˿ϣ仪˵ãɩھá
ЩΪش
ոںʹˣǾǳˣʱ㲣ŴĿĵģɫöˣȻϸݣȴҼ
ǰаѳΣ˵
һƬѵҶӵĻܹõϷ̨ܷ
̫ҡͷ˾˾ĸ˵ˣǲҪ̫ǾǲҵģϷӡ
ƫţ˳ذ̫̫ȡ
̫̫˾˾ĸТ˳ء
ȴһδαϵĶ
룬ǹҵĸ̫ҪźҲ޿ܡ
ʱ誡¾ڴʱʯ·Ϲˣ൱ֶǿʳڵĺòУҲ࿴˼ۡ
Ͼнվ
Ȼĸߡ
̫Цôˣ
誽͵ܵѵýտУҴ˵˵
˵ʱ򣬻ȻͿôҲǱ磬ѵü档
ã͸ۣˡ
һۣȻȻƿ
̫ϸոĵطг¾Ҳٶ誵ոæϱͲˣȥǰ涢Űɡ
֪˼ҲôǷŲ£˵һ͵ѹסκλᣬ¶ù
ЦЦϸȥ


100 
˺, ½ִ
бǰ棬Ůֱ԰ȥˣȻҪһϷһ߳ϯ
ϯδʼǰ, ˳С̫
̫ɫׯصعǰл¡
һ, ˻ڳŮ춼̫ͶȥĽĿ⣬ŮǻʵۣŮǻʺ󣬻иСС;Ͳ̫ӵ, ̫ⱲӲû׻, ʲôٻͳͳ, , ŮûмԽȥ
СȥϯҲʽʼ
ŮϷ, пǿ
誡¾뼸λһ, 곤ЩĹ, д
ͬģҲõͬź, еĳ¾ʶ, еļű
ϴͷ˵ǰջϻʹһտǹ֪տɷó, ҵҲհհ͵
ǰ, ϸûʹͱǹĻش󽫾, ɼ϶˺
ش󽫾Ǳ, ׷С˲֪˲, פؼݱء
¾Ц򲻸ش󽫾Ტۣλ£´ҺȾơ
ˬ죬ٸһ룡
ǣһȺٴһ𣬱㲻˵Щʲôֵúһ룬ұҾƣֻ̳ѰˮҪͬǳЦ
ڱ˵ľƣ¾߲ܡ
誽ǶңҲȰź˺ܶƣ¾ڵֲû뿪룬˭ҪǸ˵һ䡰Ȳˡ˱һ٩Է
ֻǵľװҲޣϯһ룬¾ڸϯҪȥ
ͬСЦŸ
¾ڿһۣŲ誴·
³ҹһ£һϴҵĵҡΣʹ֣ҲԳɪ
ˡ
רΪпԤľС꣬ʱʰɾ
ʱţ¾һС䣬誽ڵġ
˶˵ֻˮ󣬾ȻҲ֮ơ
ϵּͬʱ߳һϴǰϴ֡
Ǵ͵Ķңˮ¾ǰͭﵹˮ
¾Ц£Ҳûел
ĬĬϴԼ֡
¾ϴ꣬˦˦ҪȥǰȻɹһɫѩҡҷ˵˵ϡ
׵Щɵһĺĵռм䣬Χ׺żƬɫҶӡ
¾ڲŮ죬ҲжϵóӵŮ첻ôá
ʱϧؼӣȥմеĻٿǶĵЦЦԳ¾ڵʱѧŮ죬ϲòһĵ޲ó˿ҪҶúãŸˡ
֮⣬ӣǻĵһƷĵӡ
¾ڿ誣ͻȻ
ɫһ־Ҫ
¾ѾܿЦŶҲͼֻҲʪţýá
˵꣬ʮִ³Ӳ
Ҳس˹ȥСʮ꣬Լùֲ¾䣿
¾ƺЦŰݹȻץסҪջʱ¾ȴû֡
˿񱾾ͽһʮľӣ£ֻ˺һúõӾȻ˺룬ֱ֮һЩ˿ŴƮš
ɫ࣬ȴҪһȥ
¾ƿ֣誷Ӧ֮ǰƵģ˺˺üϡá
һȭ˹
¾ڲץסȭͷһӶѣԸ㣬ȥҪһ϶ҲԸ
һЩ֮ۿ
¾ڼ߬󣺡ʲô㲻֪ҿԸһ䣬˵֮£ֻ͹ҪôģҪôע͵ġǰߣ˾ͻˣαؼƽϣǺߣ㱾Ͳš
ЦҲ䣬ˣǳ¸ϣ涼
¾ڣǰҷǳмҵⱲӶúТ˼ҡ
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ķŭ¾ھȻЦһ߻һ߳һΪĹؽȻ㣬û뵽һպôǺ磬ңθү̫˽
ֻܳ֡
¾ڣҪǻطﲻɾ²СմʲôѬ
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¾ڼϵİ˺ɷ顣
調ĶȻЦˣ͹ô˺Σ
¾ڣ㵱磬˭
誣Ҹϲ㡣
¾ڣ£޹أ㣬Լϱݳˣ˾Ͷһ㡣
誣㵹ǻϧ񡣡
¾ߵһյͭǰ֣ŽȥŻѸٽ˿ճɻңһ˿Ҳʣ¾¸Ǻõ֣תֱ誵Ϊñ֪ܿ࣬ǰĲܶģ磬Ҳֻġ
Ц㵱Ȼ˵ɣȢһ㲻ϲŮˣã
¾ڣҲϲģұ㲻Ȣ
֮Աǡ
¾ͷѹŵģֻһλϣȴҪһλʺ
һԵˣΨܸʺĸŸɡ
ĸҪȢޣòȢĸѯĸΪôûûãֻϻϡ
ԼûãûбסǸӣѻս۱Ҳŵġ
¾ϴһ֣׼ˣ֮ǰ誵о仰Ҫ㡣
ޱ顣
¾´һۣˣ䲻
δ䣬ӣﳤȥ
ԶȥĽŲ
һƾȢõˣƾʲô˵䣿
ǹĸǾ˳Ҳҵȫĸģñ¾֮ѡ񣬱ܿϳ¾ڣ
̫Ӿηĸͬˣĸ¼޳¼ңҲֻίȫˣ
.
һʱ򣬺ڽˡ
ĸĸ˴ӵţǰԺ
¾Լ誸Ӷš
ȴ¾ڵ飬һƽʱҲûʲôͬȥ˾˱磬ҲЦ
˾ˡĸˡ
վ¾ߣЦŸǵ
ף̫ĿȰѾŮõ
ӦһգЩˣ˿
¾˽ʶȤһͷ
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ĿùʶԹŮʩҲ³¾ھƺǿ
ȻⱲ˵Ĺϵöˣÿһܾ˵ĳ¾ڣǰ
¾ڵų䣬̧ͷͦεüҲš
ȶˣܣ
¾ڿһۣţ춼ںȣͻȻеܲˡ
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ﱸˮ뵹ðݸ
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ֻߣһַļһֽ͵ǰ
¾һֱ
һϵľһ첻û룬˰ɡ
¾ڻǿ
źˣٲҲͦ۵ģȵ
¾һȹ⡣
תȥŲʱ䲻¾ڴӺ汧˹Ķñȥ˯



101 
ǹ, µҹûʲôȻ캮ض
¾űӣٰѻڻ
Ȳõ, ˴˵ҲõŵԼľ
һһµĺ󾱡
Ľʱʱʵļ绬ȥ, һΣ¾ھһΣֱʵڹ˲ˣֲˣŲȥ
ͭƾͰԱߵĵ, ͵Ĺճ˺İ, ľɴ֮, ɴ, ·ҲѬˡ
ԶĽֵð¾, 뻳С
޹, ĵ͸ı, ͡
һХԶˣֻƽ밲
ų¾, ŵľ, ģѾϰˣҲû̫⡣
˵˵, һƵû, , ¾Ծ, , ȥˮ
££ӣתˮú³
ɴʣܿӢӣҲܿۡ
ôôң¾һ߽ݵǰһ߿ʡ
ȺˮˣɺãڳʱӶװİɣ
¾Ц
͵ɣ´ȥҲ֡
¾ڣ´˵´εģٽҳͷ

¾ȥʰҪһ飬æѣ̵С
ȵţܿ˯ˡ
˯ŵĹ屾ܵطɣκʱ
¾ͷ
.
ʮ壬еƻᣬҲһƻᣬıֻл׹ݡ
ЪΣҪˣ¾ڿ϶ҪҲǰŵģȥۺýˡ
²ڡ㶼ڡ
㿴ŴƯƯŮԻ˵ƫСС;Ϳȥ棬ĸ׶˵Щи
Цסĸ׵ȻҲҪҲˣҲԸĸȥġ
ˣɽ游ĸȥ͵ƣҲմĹء
¾ڣմҵĹ⣬ҳÿܸ׼ң
²۽һ顣
С죬Щؿ
ǣ˵С֣ߣƤǽҲ±紵š
Цſ壬Źˡ
²񾯸ܵҪ
¾޶ãɩͷҲתȥ
վſڣԶոСĻЦŶɷ˽¿϶ĵܺܺãȻĵҲҿЦ
²ڣ벻ãʱйɻ䡣
.
Ķǻ׹ݣҲûٷֿϯҶ԰Ϸ
ϯλҲ裬ܹھ˳ۡݻʺߵģܳԼʵʵĻʼѪ¾뻪һξ롣
ϿĶӶظ´ཱུģСɰرһԶĴ۾
˳ȻǾ֮𣬿ҲͬһˣʹŮҲˣʱֻܱﱲ۰
𿴾˳ݺݼһʣµõȴʮϲֱڻˡ
ֹܵЦʣϾöظ˭˵죬Ͽ˵
˳ϸϸһЩпص˵ˣ⻰ȷʵЩ޿ظüۣԥСʱֱһģһ
ԥǾ˳۵һĶӣ˳۶ԥϲȻǱѰԥʱݻʺûнֵֹʢ裬̫̫ССԥܲסزˣ˳۵ʱĻԥ
ճûŲ⣬ҲͲˣźӴЩ˵
Ȼݻʺͽˡ
˳ۼݻʺˣ谮ĲˣݻʺոջУͷΪݻʺͷ̥ǸŮ˳ҲûκʧԻŮ顣ʱ򣬾Ƕ龰˳۲ѾʼɵԥΪ̫ӣ˳Ҳ᲻øݻʺ¡
ݻʺ»żӶûжС̫ӳǰԥѾʮˡ
ǶҪȰ˵һ漸꾰˳ʵѾҡˡ
ǣԥԴֳԲÿࡣ
˳ۼϲΨһĶӣʵں䲻ÿκؽԥΣÿֲ㱻ԥľԴ
Ҫ˵ԥɣֱ˭ϣ
ǵ͵û˼ϣԽˣ˳۾ԽӣûӣҲҪĥĥӵԡ
ţݻʺ˳¾˳۵ĵڶӡ
˶ƫĵģԥճ˳۵ĶӸܲסֵݻʺСӣ˳۱ˣӲ£˳۵Ĳگˣ
С̫ӱϾйӣݻʺԶ󳼶ԵҲѹȥ
С̫ͬʱѾ¶˵Ĵǣ˳Խ϶Լѡ
ֻǣֱ⣬˳۶ԥͬ谮⼸ԥͷȥˣҲھ˳ǰ˳ۼǵøĶԥĺáһӻžۣΨԥٿһüۿԥо˳β롢п
ֹû˲۽ǣͷ˼״
ݻʺˣԾ˳۵˵ԥ˾˾ˣظܣ磬ԥؾڣ
˳뷨޵سԶϯλϵĳۡ͢
ʱĲǳ͢һˣڸ䡣
گýĹأרŷŷᾩҡ
ȻҪˣΪҲ·зگ飬ڵݱگЩɥأ
ɥУΪ˼Ӿͽжӻ
˳ҡҡͷݻʺ顣
ɻóʷǳԥ
֪ԥѾ˷ģȻҲḸʸռݱǱ߾ͼһطԱӵ
ԥҰĸ߸ʣû֤ݣǰˣ磬ȴܸôԶɵذԥͼ췴֤͵ǰﵹٸɾܼȥط֤ݣ췴֤ôõֵģһݾߣԥһץסˣҧһڡ
ʵȷܳ谮谮ǰȴǻֻһɶµŮһǣ£һøʲҪݺԥĸ̫Ҫʲôصĺܲ
ҲҸڽ͸¶йδѡ
߻нΪ׵ڸʲôͬӲ۾
Լĸ̫ӣͬҲ½ǣȥ
֣ܴԥǱߵ˼Ψһԥ췴İ취øʺúûš
.
еϲϷеϲ͵ơ
һϷ͵ΪϯˣֻųơѾߡ
԰кܶˮֻ䣬붬ˮ涼˱
Ѿ԰ĻῴĴˣѾ߶תתһԡ
رߵϹһյյơ
ϣԳƵ߾ºãȥ͵ơ
Цȥˡ
ĴֻƧģһ·üɫʤ˵ء
ֹ򲻸ɹѡ
þûˣȥߡ
һͻȻվȥ
æסӣ߱棬ǻطɣ
Źһע⵽ģҲע⵽ˡ
ĵط˶ӣͼľ徲
ֵ£ˣֻ÷Źĸ첲һȥ
ֻڱȥЬڱϣ˵졣
ģ¶粽롣
Ƴ۳µ֣Щ̡
ɸѡҲйɣÿζǹԪּŮǽҪһ£ڹѧһµĹأǰѡʱǡ괺ů˱Ȼ
ֻҪ˸εѡ㣬һˣʺ޽ƵҲ١
Ժιܲţĵ֮˸ʽµ٣
ʿʣֻҪûд󰭣Ͳطơ¡
Զŵ¾
طмҪһʯš
¾ھߵͷмԶʱ͸ɿݵĻ֦볯վڱϡ
һĺĺëƺܲͷµĸ棬ڱ˼
ת֮ʣ˵Ŀڿײϡ
¾ڸոջڵı㹻ʵЦˡ
ȻѾйܣĹȴ?Ц绨ЦǶʱļ
һЦϵҵĵƣȻʧɫ
¾ʧ˲䣬ʶ
ѣ׹䡣
͵˹ȥȴŹһͬˮ
ĵƣˡ
ľƳҹ֮ǰ¾Ѿ˳ȥ
䣬Сûܹ䡣
ˮûǰֹᦵãֳТڵ˷뾩ʱѩ
һ̣һ˴ˮ档
Щ涼ʧˣݴս¾űˮȵ֪Ϸʱڻ


102 
ĸѾ, Ҳ¸ң侲
뵱, ¾ڵһǽ¹Ϊ, 𾪹ϾȥһѲ˵
֮⣬Ψһˮġ
湫󣬳»һ漴ѰҹӰ
ֻˮ̫, ¿һӰιȥ, ץľȻֻǹˮĶ
Ȼ¾ھ
ۿ˹, ҲϽŶˮ, ֽŲõԱ߻ι̵ı㡣
¾ڼܹԾȣϰ, ץµ۽ס
ƵļȾѲߵС̫ࡣ
֪ˮǻ, һС̫۰ɪɪĳϡ
¹˲Լ, Źܷķˣóȥ, Լȥ׷ô, ֶԹﲻ죬·
ſڳ¾ڱϵĻһ, ͷס, ֻ¶һ˫۾
Ѿɵ, ֻ֪¾, ̫ܵ, һһߵģĿܼһҲڻζ
ֻʣһߵĻζĻơ
һ·ܷ·ĹǷֳһȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽһȥˮˮһȥ
ڵ¾ڲκ˽Ҳûأ嵽ǰ³س»ϵʪ·һΪȻϵ˿϶ᵽ¾ٶȰﻪһ£˴һ§˫ֲͣشļ󱳡
ͣҲܿƵµ߶µȰҲȥôӹţѾûˡ
ԼܣҲ泯¡¾ܣ
˭ǶߵˣգõҲֻǡ
¾ڵͷľ԰׵Ϲᡣ
ֻ꣬ڳĪ޹ƽʱøӲƵģʾ
ңͲȥݺݵشűӣͬˮʪͷëѾһ˪۵ȴȼŭ
̫ˣΪֻԼ̰ðʧûж롣
洫һ̫ӵһ˽ʮˣͻϰ壬ƴͰһľ˳ۡݻʺ׵˺档
㣡
̫ɫس嵽˴ǰ
ֻ¶Ļߵĵܵܣøˡ
װ̫£ʹңȴûһߣһ߳һӣܻӰĴ֡
ʵûиõİ취αԼðգ
ŵĹˮʱŢ·ߣôϱ䡢ί
ʲɫܵպ󲻻᷸ͿȻǸޱȵĹ
γ¾ڣ̫ӡʡĸѪļˣԽڼǰίԽ׷Ŵ
˳ۡݻʺľһ޳˵Ů
ֻһ棬˳۵ľҪˣС۵Ůʱ޳
ô£úõôˮ
޴룬˳ۺۿʡ
¾ڽߵλøݻʺ󣬹ǳûչ˺ù𷣡
ơ¸Ա߹ˡ
˵Ŀ䵽¾ϣŽ͵ʣ޹أһʱȥ棬ҲסΪ˱һˮҺǰɳȥüʱһʱˮңһŮҲˣ
ΪЩӵúףҪôαװ
ݻʺһ鳯ơ£֤ʵŮ˵Ϊ棬ΪݻʺæԳ¾ڵȥƫϢĪҪˡ
ۺڣ¾Ҳûл˵ʲôһۣˡ
˳ŮеǨŭûȰŮĳ£ֻǿһС̫¹߶£ѾָŮʮ꣬˳۱ҲطʲôгҲˡ
ĸһĻӸӡ
ĸʣ̰ɫ̫أ˰Ѻܶ¶ƸڸҲǸûʵˡ
Ů˽
һ룬ڸʡĸ󡢵ܵܵעºȵøɸɾ
Ǳ𣿡ݻʺʡ
ˡ
Ҳһ롣
꽪Ҫ̫ҽ̫ҽҪԡһȦæֺ꣬һҩµ˸ĸһػ˯ˡ
.
޻ʹûʸ
¾ڻһ͵ӣһ͵Ĵ멣Ÿסĸһ˹
ڹﲻܶ˵󣬳͢жӸһ
ô£ˣϽʡ
¾ڴһʱ̰棬Լˣô̫ҽţӦ޴󰭡
͢ӣɲ̰ӡ
¾ϸЦԼ̰ȥϣ˭ɣҹ
һæɷ򣺡ˮҲŻˣٺ˼룡
͢Ȼỳɶpanpan˹ǾﲻԣȷʵҲҲܵ¹ˮɡ
磬ô죬ôˡ
ֻɷ򡢶ӵɫôѿҲ˵иż
һ磬͢²ڡ¾Ҫȥ糯ϴ㡢࣬Ҳһ˹
ÿա͢гᣬ˳ŮҲϳ
˵ĵһᣬ󳼶Ҫܾ񣬲òͷ
ɽÿ󳼶˳ɫ㲡Ĳɡ
糯һ͢¾ڶϵ˾˳ߣѯʹĲ顣
˳̾˿
һܵصȾ˷纮ҹʵˣ尾Ҳһҹû˯á
͢Ϲ£һûлù
¾Ҳȥ
ڹ£˳۵ȻǨŭ¼ңŮڹˮһʱ̰⣬˳㳯¼ҷƢɲǻ
ɣȥȥ̽
˳۰ѳ¾ڴܷ
¾ڿһ͸ĳ¶ᰣԼƵС̫ࡣ
ⶼǻߵˣϱ̽Ѿ뿪ˡ
ݻʺ̫Ӷڡ
ڴϣ˫չŲг죬ģ۵Ҳڡ
¾վھ˳󣬿Ļ򴽣ĿУȴְڵۺ̫ӣ֪οƵġ
ݻʺŮԾ˳۵ʱ˵˵ɡ
˳۵ͷȴƵģڴֵһյĹ򣬲ڸݻʺĸˡ
һʹɫ
ų¶¡
¾ߣĶͷ
ѪգҲůͣʱȴĶͷ̵ˡ
֣ãʣجˣ
ţμҵˮûҡ
ʵˣʶװģҪŸʵģô۰һղʾһûѡ㡣
ϣƭûκθУ˭ɫأϣ
ֻˣĸ󡢵ܵܣ¾ڡŵȡ
جǼ٣纮ȴ棬ˣҲƵġ
¾Ҳʱˡ
ܸ˵˵ڹ𣿡¾
ЦЦ򵥣ɹססá
¾ڣ


103 
ҵҵڹװ
һʼǲװ, ӿԵ֢״߰ղźãټҹ롰ʡ˭˶ỳװ
ȷ纮, ΪԼġʡ֢֮¶ţһ߿ٳԷ, һ߹ڰҹһѾһʱ
Բá˯ã˱սˣԪҹ£ֱϸϸȥ
ۿƵŮԽԽȱ, ˳۱྾ˡ
ȥ׹ʮĽ, Ѿûѡľ˳۰ѡ˼, ͵󳯻, İŮˮܺ˳Ļѡ㡣ʲôʱɫ, Ůɾͻһ
ѡľ˳, ʼھǱҽ, ˭̫ҽԺȺβŮ
λ̫ҽżҺù, һֱΪ˵, ˳ҲƢģûжҪǵԴ
ĵؿԼʡĴ
Ѯÿ϶ҪجΡ
Ѯ, ĳһ, ѮٸĳһΡ
ٳ, һֱݵ, ĸʱװ޾᲻𾢶, δζþ˳ۡ
գϿ̽ŻڴϳĲģϿСɵһˮ㲡ôãҶǲҪڹ
Ȼӳ
ƼˣȥǬ幬˳۸״
˳ѶٺȦϿĻظһ飬޵ݵصʣһس¸ɣҲþǰնڸѾ޵ĹסУ̰ͼʵĳ谮
˳۳һŮ
ڳ˵ʱϿ֪ԼҪˣͰ͵صʣңֻǸÿЦ
˳ۣ㿴ݳʲôˣ㻹ЦСһĸȣŮԣ޲ƽϣɻĲҲͰˣȻ䳰ȷ
Ͽɫ԰ףֻܹ
˳ۺߵȥɣ֮ǰ㶼ٽ
Ͽ֪ͷϣίίظˡ
˳ٿеŮ
ɫʣⲡǲҲβˣ
˳۵ĿޱᣬŮֵĪѾȥѰ̫ҽˣҽ϶κġ
ԹԵصͷ
ĸһֱɿɰŮҲϣԹ¸ȤĹˣĸҲỳʲô
£ĳʮղһΣ˿ʼָһЩԸȥ԰ˡ
Ů˳˿
ֻѡʱ˳۸ɴ಻ٵѡҲһġ
.
³ŵİ㸸ʡĸ󡢵ܵùЩ˼ճ
˳ۿŮȻָȴȻݵסһʱհɣ˵
ݻʺĬĬţ̫޳ɸʵĻ
СѾˣңٲȥǼǣҶǡ
ԽԽ͡
˳ۺȻ׹Ůˡ
Ͼǲųޣгʱֿסĵ
˳۲Ȱݻʺ
ݻʺЦǸûȥˣμ棬ҿҲ˲١
˳۱Ըȥ¸ӹ
ȥš
¸
¾ȻһʱŴ֪ĸȥ˴á
͢϶ڡ
Ͽӣ˵ѾˣϽȥ
¾һ
͢ʲô̬ȣ
¾ڣûʲô̬ȣ˼ǹһֱҲֻš
͢ΪԸ⣿ôãһɼҲǣǲչ˲ܣ㵣𣿡
¾ڣô˵
԰գתߡ
͢
̾ңĲĹģҲ޲ҹҹ㣬ڹ⣬ֻܹżﲻŹ֡
͢ףĳɫ
ϣǸǶסʲôдϣǰɣ
͢Թ뷨УڹǰǳǷ򡣡
ϣԶСǳǲҲȰ㵱ϣȻɷ򣿡
͢
һһۣȥңŶû
͢ΣһǰԺЪġ
գ͢ǱߵĶҪ֪ĳǰһˡ
Թ緹ãˣεϣϳˣҲס
͢ڰ֣¡
¾ȥǬ幬˳밲ûãݻʺ̫Żˡ
¾ڵĿڻϣסһƿܿ鲻Խƹȥ
˼̫ı֣˳ۡݻʺЦʮ̫Ҳô¡
΢ȣǰڸĸǰֵöܹص壬Ҫžˣôܲסˣ
Ѽ䣬ϲų¾ڳ˹
¾ڽٸȥ
ĬĬش
£¾ڴӿʼһ˹Ĳ黺תҲֻս̽
ĸ˵¾ȷʵһȦ
Ѿʾˣڸĸǰװ¾˵ʱɫɻ٩䣬Ϊ֪¾ûҪ͸¶Щ
ݳ¾ڸոڹı֣ΪһϳͻὫǲĴˡ
Ȼϣ¾ֻһͷŴǣӢΪݶԽԵĮ顣
ϷӦǰĳ¾ڲĳ¾ڣ֮ǰֻϷĸ󿴡
²Ϊڹס̫ãˣ
¾ڣҡ
ҿܸҡ
¾ûлӦͷһƫƺ½Ƕ뿴
Ĭˡ
ɸճ׵ʱһ㶼ں¾ǲھԶ󣬳¾ͻȻڳ̬̫ϰߡ
ЦЦԼһĳ֪㲻ңҺαؽһˣԼǡ
¾ڻһЦ
Ȼеϰˣϱ˾ôģҷ㡣
»úǹⲻԳ¾Щˡ
תתϵӡ
Ԫӣոպãжӻ΢΢ȴֲ̫ͣ֡
أ¸첲ֱӻ£ϰơ
Ȼⶼҵģڡ
ɳ¾ҹﺰںôףȻһ㶼ˣƢ
ͣ˳¸ǰ
³ʱ¾ѾվԱߣԶ͢˶ӭˡ
ɨƣǽֵݸ˳¾ڡ
³ɫ糣빫˺ѡ
ϡۿˣûôƸУȴڿ廪ݺʧɫ
˸˵રવµҺ
СͷЦⲻǻˣԺ󻹳档
͢е󲡳ȻϢɣĪҪˡ
ȷʵҲûӦ꣬ǣˡ
˴˿ʱҪ¸ٰԼĲˣҲͨùĺˣֻҪٵһʱ䡣
뿪󣬻ȥš
ϵϵȵ֬񣬴£ġ
֪˶ãԺﴫѾǸ
ֲһӣ۾¡
Ųˣڰβͣһߣ¡
װôõĲԼڵ˲˹ܺǲǣ
ַ·һƬƽ·ڷͩͣѹʱҪĻ
תüʣʲôװ
δ߳¾װģֻǱֵϣҪ̫ġ
¾ڿҲɵӣҲǻ᲻ΣȥȱĹ
ƭ̫ӣΪڹܾһСӡ
ڳ¼ҵоֹУȴԳ嶯
ͷ֪Ҳ֪
ͷ֪ģࡣ


104 
Լˮ, ¾˵һ仰
˵ңͲȥ
ʱֻڹðʧȴӦ, ʵͿˡ
ļƻ޷죬ʵҲ, ¾˵һΪ̰ðյˡ
ģݵʱ򣬳¾ڴźլСϪˮҲȥˡ
ΪϪˮûΣ, 㲻һ
ڸĸﲢ, ΪʼհСӿ, һʱ̰ȫ˵ùȥ
¾ȴ, ٸҹ, Էæĸĸûôá
ʵ̫, ĿҲϬ
ʶػر, ǲΪȻ̫ˣԵ޹ΪҪװ
¾Ц㵱ȻԵ, װͿסڹ, ²ҡ
ü
¾վӸµؿݸĮʵ㲻, ֻҪ˵һ, һ᳤ס, ̰ɫ, Ҳмǿ, ҪĥԼֶζҡ
һû뵽¾ڻᣡ
ۿ¾ڼβŭվס
¾ͣˣ
ֱȡ֣ǰ㣬ǰôܻһδ㣿
˵ǻֱûģԶĲᣬ˵ٵǶʱ䣬ҹйٴβ࣬Լ˵ͷôܻô
¾תʣ˵ǹˮǹҪڹ
ϣ¾Ц£ͷӵģҵҲУֻҪҷ˵ʲôҶš

ۡ
¾ڣ㲻ܸһܹŷĽͣҾֻ϶ҪңģˣͲǰ
ĬĬؿϵĵ塣
¾ߣ˵ƾĻ
ϱѾһΣʲôûлӦȻҲûл
żľ룬¾ڳӳյȫӰ
ƵĹݵ϶ûʲô⡣
ǿŴȦȴغˡ
ĥȴҪ¶⸱۸˵ӡ
¾ڶЦˣ£˵ʵˣ
˹ȥûв
¾ڣȥǱԼʲôû͸ðҪΣգ
䣬Ǻġ
ƽΪף¾ڲǲĲ֪װģ֪ǹĥԼôŭ
ЦЦָĦϤĵ壬ƽ͵صûðգһֱڵȣˣҲġ
¾ڣ
ŰײҪըѵŭ𣬺ȻͱƮƮһ仰ƽˡ
߹ڴ£ЬӣƽȥӺ汧ס
ΪҪô
Ĭ
¾ҲߣԼڡ
ܰϱӵ¸κˡ
ܵȻᣬĸ󣬻ĸԵ̵ܹܵܽøϸʵ䷴
¼˵¹һǿģ³¾˺ޡ
Ϊó¾Ǳ̰ۣ̫̫Ԥɳ¼ֻ̫̫ܡշ¼ˣڸʵϣҲٱүүεĹ£¾ֲɵӣһ¼̫̫ܻţүү˭أ
Ϊ˸ʡ
Ƭ֮󣬻Цһһܹŷɣǰĸ͸¶Ҫѡ㡣
ĸĿ粻ЩˣҲŮĸ裬ɸʵ̫ˣ֪ƣ壬ϾʹˣЩꡣ
ҲȰֻðһƣҺùãʽӦǲѡˡ
ο¾ֻɵǲѡˣѡѵҪÿ궼ȥ
˵ģٽûһˡ
¾üͷⶼα겻αİ취
ͷʣαķӣ
¾ڣ
ҪͷӸһҲĸ׵ģܰͷӴһ٣Ҳǵ粻֮Ĩͷ޵
˳۵ĻίȰ費ãѿڴ˶٣˶
ȰС
¾뵽һ뻪ԸɫҶΪ˻Ϻãɱȥǰҷҡ
㾡˵
¾ڿ˿ȣĶѵ˵˼ϲҩǾŪܹ˲ٵĵҩ֤Ъ˼ҵ˼Ӵٳꡣ
ֱø첲ⶥһ£˵򵥣ȥŪҩôʷ£˭ҽ£ʷҩ¶ҪԴ鵽һܻһӶȥ̫̫
¾ڳǰ뵽ˣ취һĺð취ֻʵʩ̫ѣ̫ðա
ûʧΪֿˣûһȫ֮ߡ
䶯ۼʮϰǧ˵ܴκĴۡ
˵ģٽĴҶ̫ĸʡɵص
¾ڿǰ첲
סһֻ
ҹһֱϲ߬ӣϲĵֻܶԭη֮ˡ
ڣӶݳƤˡ
һһ취ʲôƻ㶼ôԼ
޳ʵСۣĮ飬ôڵӲˣ
¾͵߬ӣȴŪ֮ǰʱҧĶˡ
˴˱˴ˣҲȫ˶ңֻҰɫ
¾ڣŲҸװģǶ㵱ɵ

¾ͻȻסݺݵ
˶ˣûþ̱
¾ڵ֣䵽ϺδһƬݹᾡ
ײȥˣ¾ôġ
ʵίôĿ࣬ȴ׽ĸĸ󶼲˵
¾Ψһ֪ˣҲֻܸˮ
ʱ˯ţùװʧߣܿҶˣгŪ˺ܶóԵģұţֻܲڴװûθڡ
мҺվŶ˯ţ˯ڶ쾫ãӲŲԼ˯ȥ
¾ĬĬţ˵ˣҲֻ³֣ã
Сִ˽˶ţҲࡣ
¾ڸҪ˵ӽˡ
ЩΡ
¾ڣҽгʲô
ԵĿɶˣǿԼµĲˣʵÿһܳԵһͷţĺθڡ
¾Լҵͷӡ
Ǵͷӽ̫ҽΣһҶûܺúóԶӦʮָʳʮҲˣΪⶼǴݵģǸߴ׳Ĳ
ɷ빫ף֪ˣһǰõСÿС⽵ڶ࣬ȴ㹻ƤɢŷˮƮǻϲɫζ
¾ڷһԣζسš
С⽳꣬ɫҲ½
ƽʱô󽲾ĹȻû̻ʵĵزǳҲ˼š
¾ڲòȰôãȳ߷ֱٳų
һָۣһֱûĿӵҲ԰ɣĸء
¾ڣۣ۷񣿡
գգëû𣬾ԼһõӣҴСӣͽУ¶ܡ
¾һֽŲԼߣһٸ


105 
ҹĻ, մ˯, ¾ȥ
緹
ˮȡ˿桢⡢Ѽӡ㡢
õǾƯĵ룬ÿݷ̫, Ŀֲ˾塣
ķشݣŵĻ㡣
˹˷
ĸѾԱ߿ţʱ˵ЩƤ幫¶Цա
ܺãȥӣϡ㡢඼ڡ
Ȼ, źܲ, ϵ
, ȥ¼ҵѧһȦ, ų˼档
红ɢѧˣһԵض, С, Ҳ, ʼϲڸ

ͯ޼ɣߵĵÿ
͢Ͼ׸֮ǰҲʮĸ, ﲻ̫, ֻǳ͢Ҳ̫׷ľֻлϱʲô
ЦÿͶԵ㡣
ԹԳ
ĺθڶܺ, ĵûԵҲôˡ
㺢һ׽Բ, ֱɫ, 㡢඼˺ȥ, Է˹Ϣ
ȷʵе, չĽǺ
¾ڻʱŰϴĳɣɵɢڼͷ
ͷһɢԵݵСˡ
һŰ¾ڿȻԹ̣塣
ߵ뿴ͱˣȥ֪㡣
¾ڣ㾡ûģʱ򡣡
飬˼ȴɵˡ
һӷֿôã滹ãһŴϣ¾ڲ߽β㿪ʼֽŷ
ûԤ룬ʵʵ˯Ԥˡ
ʵҲû£ϰߵʾҪҪϣԥһͷ
¾ȥԺˢȥҡ
ȳ¾ڽͼѾˡ
¾վǰۣɨױ̨Ǳ߰ŵ룬ǶͷƵˮƯš
ЦЦ˼յơ
˴ϣ¾ƿԼǴӣԻ¡

ɻôʱ¾ڵؿˣ⼸춼ԤǸҶûŮûȤ

ʱȴ˾ͺرǸرʧƵġ
˶٣·Ѿ˯ֱѰ㣬ո˵ʲô
Ϊ¾ڻڰУȴıѣһ߱סһĶ䣬صĺտˣһײնϣ˵ںúóԷӾ񶼿ˣʹТ˳

̧־к
¾ڸĳƽɣЦ򣬵ˣٰĴ
κ룬Ȱ¾ڣ¾ԼʳԷڣҲᳰЦ
ɳ¾ֻܾúܾãñӽֻԱߵıѡ
.
ʮǻ
˳ۻŮ壬ټѾûŮˣʮС¸Ů
̫ڶ飬˳ݻʺڷǹŮ
ʱۺһͬ˹
ȻŹȥ죬컪óԺ˯ģϵѾָһ룬ϸ̬ӯˣбյӺݻ
˳۷һ룬һ뵱ȻŮˣǰӺò
ݻʺǣŮָܻô죬˲϶Ҳڳ¼סģǳ¾ڣСڱȻʮֶ
ĵãߣһȥͻ
˳˺㡣
ݻʺȻֵ㡣
Ϊϲĵ԰ＸܿĵӰӡ˳ۿֱ۶еŮ޻ǵ̸ճʱĵûô࣬ˣĵһϲժһͷϴ
ôǵҵĺأЩΪġ
˳ۣҪΪ飬޵̼ĵ֮ݣ֮ϣƫĵ
ŮȻҪˣֻǼʷ鴫ȥǲš
˳ۣûл㣬㣬֪޵Ŀ޾ʵ
ԱߵĸЦҵòĸ󣬸ʿ˿ĸ󣿡
ݻʺŮһۡ
˳ζݻʺһ
̫ҲˣȻǵ֮ңҲٲһ档
ϯܷԺ
ʮߵȻȱЩ¹Ȼ𨣬ΧһһĿڡ
Ŀ⣬ɨЦݴȰĸʡòްϵĸԼִһصĵܵܡ
㱼䣬ֻص˳ǰ£ǵĻ
ĸԶȥԺÿǶöá
.
Թ棬ڶ
ã˳ۡݻʺ̫Ӷڣ֮ǰԼõģҪһ÷˳
˳Ůһ̣µ˿󸹬ưҹңһƵġ
ϱӻյĲһǴεȻҲأȴ̸ġ
ⳡĺøʾģֻøõﰮŮ⡣
ֵص
Ůϲ˳۾͸ˡ
ݻʺ͵һ֮ɫȹΪľ뾰˳۵ƣǽ˳˷ɫɫĵƣմԵ̫أҹﴩֳһµɫ
٩ԭĸǰ
̫ӿٿĸ¶ԥ
Цòû׼ɣ
̫ӵȻ׼ˣֻԶ縸ĸ͵ĹأһʱЩͲ
һŰѵܵܵõ֣һֻĵͼ˵Ȼǻˡ
û˳¾ȥ͵Ƿò˵ƣ¾ڻø
Ǻܾϲؿ˵ܵܣὫܵ鷿
̫ӾЦˡ
ڹ緹㲻˸ʵ˳¸
ջϡ㡢Ͷˣֱһ͢дһ֣ת͡
Ͼ껪˴Ҷεϻ˽磬һΪ
ЦеģҸ˵ˣǰһʱ
ˣԺĸ׿ǧҪΪҷ£ǶûУģ಻˼
Ϻˬ죺Уģ
˰¾ڹȻǰˣŵСˣɻظˣ
ĸ׼س㣬ȴڹ
СЦˣڹù緹ͻˡ
¾ûʲôı飬·ֻڴ󸻹͵͵üŪۡ
¾ڴȥãֻǴߵļϿʼˣûܸ˵仰ʹ
ɫʢΪ͢ӼԤƣҲΪϱԤ˹Ӿƣȵϲ졣
֪ԼУɿͬԲһӣ²ڡ¾ڶڣܸˣ϶غյӾơ
ңŻãż򵥵ϴһ˳¾ڽʵı䡣
¾̽ؿôˣϲ˶Ϊ
ųˣԺĸ궼Ϊٳ硣
ҡҡͷ
޷ͣҲۣͣ𳱺죬Ĵ΢š
¾ʵٵȼġ
ȥˣ¾Ȼ¾˳۵İŮ֮ģһǰ£Ǵһѻ
ϯ֮ǰ¾ѾҪҪΪһξƶûȣΪľǽʡȥʱ䡣
û뵽ȣȵͦˣ䶼Ƿľ㡣
˵ˣѰľ¾ڶ
ȥҡ
ױ̨ϣϤڣƵĶҲڡ
רΪһģǲǣ¾һֱһ̧°ʡ
ĹĿɵؿҡҡͷ
¾ڣ
ѵʱ򲻿˵ģҲ岻ѵһ㶼û
ûȳ¾ʱҪ˯ȥĹЦ£һţǱ¾ڲ׽ˡ
һ᣺˵ʵǰɣ
ҵҪܳǿã


106 
ĵʱ, ҲᣬɫϪˮ͸΢ĴǱҡ
Ŀ, ¹ɶָʹ۾, Ҫ˼һС
һ
¾ڽ˶ߵǰ
۸ƣҪ֮²ò˵Ļ
վǵ͹˻
˭
Ǳ֮˳谮Ĺе˶ò, ҲΥĵĿͷ, ǿ, 翴һڹССĵ, һȥʱùɫ˫绪
ǸѰ, ʢҲҪΪԼòմմԵ, ο֮, 鴫
֪͡
ѵʱ, ¾, ˣƽϣֻǳճյؿžеԼ
ڷٰк, Ʒ˿˵ҡҷ
ձƹӳͬһ, Өûκ覴á
羱ļѩһİס
Ȼ, һֻɹǳɫĴֿ, еΨһ㡣
΢΢ü, ż߻һλúܸߣվں棬ӢȴҲȫ˾Уڿ
ĹȻûһ˿գֻӶԷӵĶ͡
κϧĻᣬý߾̷ܵ
¾Ƭ̣ͷϵڡ
Цˡ
ڶ죬ó¾ǰԺЪΪΪĳͷ
ûֻǵطԸʵʵ˷һƱ綼ûС
Щ£֪͸ģ´ٷ
.
µףѾ׻ָ֮ǰԲ
ɶȴĿʼ֢֮
ôجΣ
Ѯһе͵͵һο¾ڲӣ˵ƣһˮʪĽӰһüʣǲǴˮŵˣϵڲŷ
ʪĽëͷ
ʵεǸʼݱεԼǰô඼ͽͣʻϱͻȻˡμ¾ڲ˯²ãͻȻɥӣֵ¾ȴȻߣżתļȴ͵ؿȫѪ
¾ڿ԰׵ӣϲλ̫ҽ㿴
룬һҸڽɣ˳ڹסجΣ̫ҽҲ㡣
¾򴽡
֪ڵʲôЦģסұϾǳ޵ĹڹҲҪ۵ġ
ѾʮˣϱӸ¶ʮҹݱġ
ֻҪܻʮܿǸ٣Ҳطˡ
¾ڻɣ
ˣĸкʹųơ½ȥˡ
һձһȣܼصס˷磬ʵѫ֮ҵլ졣
ݻʺͲ̫ŮΪҪס
ĸĸ첲Ůˣѵɣ
ݻʺţǲֱŤˣ
ֻССĿ˳¾һʣĸ˹˺ǰҵĻҪʱͺʱޣȣҴ٣۾Ͳʵ̫ˡ
ݻʺ⣬ʣϣ̴ޣ
ȻҲ̫ӳ¾ڣĸѳ¾̫̰
һЩĸ
ԣֱ׳صһΣٶˣ
ݻʺ󣺡
ȻеŮ٣͸ñ̰ͨһЩŮų׵꣬Ȼô
޵ò㲻ϲ
ݻʺĵʣȻ⻰˽ܣĸŮҪ˼ʲôŮĲ˵̫ˣɸȥָ
ԴڣŤ˺һŵаɣÿζҪһĺ
ݻʺ󣺡
ŮСɾǺѸҲСܿƵģ
㰡Ҷ֪ô˵ˡ
ĸʲô˵ڹסòã
ǺãҪӦĸԺ󲻿ԣ㹧ҲҪϿǱߣĺˣΪһЩС֡
æӦ¡
ھ˳ǱߣŮʱعסˣݻʺѯɡ
㸸÷ʱ򣬻Ҳϸ۲һ֪ǲǽûѡԵʣȷʵȼеĴʱҪһЩ
ֻǼ̫ģˣϱڸʼݱ֮ǰôЩѰؼͷ
.
¶ʮԽԽˡ
ܻѾ취ƿһŮ˹⣬Ȼġ
öʮԼ˯źãĸǱ߶ȥ
ֻװķѾùˣεûʵġ
ʣҽر壬ĸҡ
浽գƻ裬һĿڹʱָسʵ
˳ŮİʾЦû£ĸû£㡣
ܸˣ͸ŸȥǬ幬
̫Ҳˡ
ֱܵЦ󣬻ܵ㸸̡
̫ӵȻҲˣֻǽŬӳܾ֡
һʱ̫Ӹˣգÿ춼Ҫ𣬲õ
㾰˳£λͷģҪֽ
̫ˣ˳飬ɵܰô壬¡
ʣҾҪˣ̰ɣ
˳룬Ůͦڵģ˹컹
Ȼ˳Ҳֻộ˵Ůġ
ǿŮ˰ʱ
һֽ˳۴Ƿε͵ɣˡ
üģŴŮ׼ȥĸɣ
˳ۻǵһαŮɫ΢΢ΣЦôᣬ˭ûҪֻǸˣˡ
ĿŶĸʵûϣСʱеһģһ
⻰𣬾˳۾Ů
Ѿ˸ʽɵĳŵҪٰȥЦ˸ʣ縸ʻҪأŮͲٵ鸸Ϣˣ븸ĪҪ
˳һ㶼ԽŮͳǬ幬Сһ·͡
ֵǣոջŮһߣ˳ۺ˾ƺʲô
ָоϤСʱϡһԣ㺢ʱ˾͸оۣɺһߣͻˣȻԵõѰ֡

ᣬ͵ӿڡ
˳ȴûпڣɣմŮУʾͳ˴ƭˣ
ܷ
һ˯̤ʵһҪһΣһڿʵĴϣŵĶ
ţһҹ޴·
ɫų˯ȥ
쵽˯ѣȥ򸸻ĸС
˳۾ȵ˯Ҳ̫ô˾񲻼ã
һ۶ڶĸʣܺãſھŮ᲻óأһ뵽Ҫóʱ䶼ĸˣҾܣܵû˯̤ʵ
˳ۣǾͲû㡣
ݻʺ۽ǳ˳顣
ЦңҶ֪ģֻŮϾˣ̫ѳ
˳ۿݻʺӽ̵һ˫Ůϸ񣬴ǽʺģûֻŮڹ÷
ϣȻ᲻ˣĿ⼸ھ˳۵ϡ
Ѿ¶ʮˣʵӦǱܹȥ˰ɣӦòǸŮһμɣ
Ȼ߹ȥסԼĸʡ
˳ٳٶۣҲԣŮͷݵǲڳ¼ʲôί㾡ܸ߸ʣ
ҡҡͷûУǴҺܺãɹҴСĵطĸļˣס߲ˮ
˳ۺߵǾͼסȥŮ˭顣
Ҳеˡ
˳ۣ
̫˼ԶƵģ첽ȥֱҪżһλͷ
ʮľ˳۴һɫۣ޳ݣ׶º͡
Цˣ´Ůʻɺã
˳ۣȻֻҪ룬ʱ㡣


107 
֮, ¾ڻظʱ붬û䣬ɫȴֻǻ谵δ͸
¸Сѱ, ߹, ظˡ
¾ڵصͷ󸻹ЦȻزûϵû˿գҲŸˡ
á
¾ڿٳ˺Ժ
ƼѾ߶ܰ, , С˯ˡ
¾ھΪǰ˯, ҵʱ, ŷϣԱ߰һ顣
Ӧ, ֻϮ, Լû, ô˯˹ȥ
¾վ齱߿һ˻, ǰոסڹĳơ£⼸˯, ҹجΣ
ƣû˵جΰ粻֪Ϊ˯˸ѡ
£ǰһʱ, ۵ˡ
¾ڸجβ, ֻѾڴμҹ, Լ͵͵޵Ļ, ѾǸһҲ
ɹ, һΪβ̫ҽ
صμ䣬¾齣СرҪŵҵĴ˯
ʱ򣬻ˡ
¾ڿϸϸѪ˿ʹЦҲβǷ㲡
̫ҽ𣿡
֮ǰ¾ʵ
ͷˣûʲô£⼸ҲûجΡ
¾ͷ
ͬ⣬Ҳ˳Ƴ£֪û̫ҽ
ǸûԼ嵱£»̫ģɴԼܣ
㻹û÷ɣɫӦʡ
¾ڣţȥ˯
ȷʵǰĵ˶ӣǷµľһԵӿ
¾ڻǰ˽ȥ
Ը£ȥԪ˵Ť˽š
һۿҪˣҲ˲ùүĽΣϽȥСȡ
¾ڷԵһ룬ԹˣϾСܳȥУŷ϶ҪүϷˡ
¾ȥǰԺĸס
ĵĪǹˣ
¾ָָԼţңոʱŤ˽ţһֱʹ
ˣһ
¾ڣ
ȻװģĸҲ̫ˣôҲ׶ӣ
ϵȻҲĶӣֻǶӸ߸ߴģո߹ҲŤöأżŹ֡
䣬ˡ
͢վڴõԺӽϣҲǲ飬һȥЪϢ
ˣϲԥҪٵȻô˵
͢г񣺡ô䣬Ťأɢͺˡ
.
ãҩͯʱҹĻѾ١
¾ȰѸոմĽ¶鿴
ʣûκ⣬ǿһɢ
¾ڿȻѾͷһˣҲѰجΣֻǹ»ﵣģҲš
һ⡣
﹫֢֮òϰЩҽҲ˹ʱҲ湫Źģ˫ĹȻַ˾ɲ
Ϸ湫źɡ
¾ףҡ
βɴᣣơ׼ϣһڴͷֹҶһڲɴ⣬տŹֱۡ
вҿͷ߽湫
Ҫ೤Ĺ򣬻صݺжԳ¾ڵݺͻֻ鸡Ϸûд󰭵ģܱ֤˯ߣһձָܻ糣ŵùϷҾͱùҩˣٹ۲켸ԡ
¾ڵãͿؽ˳ȥ
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һ˯˴ʱطֳ¾ھȻڡ
ôûȥɻʡ
¾ڿһЩ۾
˫峺һ˿˯⣬ȴɸɾڰ׷ûκѪ˿
Īؿ
¾ڼɫҲо㳹Ļ
ϴϵʲôû˵ˡ
ʱĸѾ߲лὫ¸߹
ЦģˣװԼʹҲҪء
Ȼһ㶼ûɼ˯õж㣡
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¾ڻظ׼ʱſڸĸס
ϿĽţ𣿡
¾¶Ц⣺Ͼûˡ
ȥ
¾ڻãټһɫӣǼĨأˮģ·һˮܽأ
ԤҲܷʢɿڣһϴĴˮĴ֦
ǸʽʹġŶĵ֦
¾ڶ֦ûʲôȤֻƺܲ
һΡ
¾ڣʲôΣ
ЦЦμһλɳ˯ʱһ£˵ᱣԺ޲֡
¾ܸܵҽ֮µ⡣
ʲô
ڹ̫ҽǲã˵جΰɣҽֺܸˡ
¾ڻǲôãר˵ɿ治ҹȥ㡣

ڸĻᣬôˣ
¾ڼһŹǷŵŴǣҧ顣

¾ڳ극ʼ֦֦ӲĻе֣֦ȴʹۡ
֦ͦ㡣һ֦Ż
̧ǿ֦֮ƣʲô˼
¾Ц
µʲôȷҲûʡ
Ժ˰β¾ڱŻһһߵĹƢ֦ǣ֦⡣
֦ʲô
¾°ڣȻǰ֦ˡ
.

˳۲һϲϳĻʵۣ޴£ֻÿµĳһʮտᡣ
иʮ겻ϳȵӣһԱȣǻʱ򼸺ϳ⼸ŸĳһγҲǷǳڿĻʵˣ
Ȼ˳εĳᶼϣֻڰŷűĴ
ϣɻɡ
źۣӺ滷ס˾˳۵
˳̾ѾˣòײűԼģ
ˣ˳۲ˣ̡
ߴض˱ӡ
˳һ̾ȥϳ
Ҳ죬ֻǴ˲ϵִҵĲ˷ꡣ
˳ۺѵﲹĺҲİαˣվٹǰĳ͢ͻȻ˿ȡ
˳۶Ȼѹȥ͢͢Ȼ
˳֪׸ʧǣֻüǿž
ǶóϺûв𴩰ˡ
һʱڽ
ٹǴףͻϡ
˳䣬˫ֳη֣ϯ
Ȼվֱ˲䣬ԴͻȻӿǰĴٹҲת
ٹͻȻһۡ죬һ̣ľУ
͵̧ͷȴ˳۵°ͺǰȫѪᵽ
ϣ
Ƿӵǰ͢Ϊ׵ڸռݵܵ죬¾ڡýǻ˼ɣҲѸٳĳ
Ѿž˳˵ϣ档
˳ﻹڲϵѪ
֪ԼΪλףˡ
ͷ˳¡
ųּ֣͢⣬ߺ̫Ӽλ
˳͢ȸϿŵ˳¾ڡɫصعԱߣ󳼶ߵס
ڶ̫٣Ҫ̵½ڸ󡣡
䣬˳ǶԳ͢˵ġ
͢Ӧ¡
˳۵Ŀ⣬䵽˳¾ϣۿɬѵʧԼˣҪչ˺á
̡֣˳ֻ
ȳ¾Ӧ£еĹʣ
˳ʮģ³һ۱ڳá


108 
¿, ҲֻһЩ
Ϊó˯ʱ̲ѣ緹, Ѿǳʱ֣, ᶼýˡ
ûѾȥ¸Ļ԰һȦسȥ
ɩҲڣŮãΪĸһᱡ͸Ķ
ʱ, Դ
Ϊεصɩ˵ٱ, Լ, Ҷ, Ҳα˷Ѻӡ
㲻̫˵ʲôƤ, ذĸǷ
ĸȻ͵Ȼ̴, Цﱾһ仨, ЩѶǳҶ
ϱϱúϲ£죬Цˣй, ҵİͷټ
, ͷû뿪˴á
һԳɡһַŹĸ첲, һΪȷ硣
˽, Ȼ첻, Ƶ, ûȥ, ͻȻһܵĽŲ
׸ۡǶѧأ£ܻŻŵرܡ
ͣ½Ųɻȥ
ƹǰģȻǳ¾ڣһʱ˿Ҫôڹ￪ᣬҪôѾɢҪǰˡ
ƺܼܵˡ
̫ô󣬱ôΣ۵㣬Ѻһ¡
¾ͣϢٶԵǱӢȴɫأǰδеĸӡ
ҪڣΪδʱһͳӵȻԶ
ļһ¡
ҲһЩЩõĶСӣ̫ԶֻйĴӡ
糱ˮڶӽ
³ɡֿʼ
ɡˣҫ۵˹
۾Ų԰׵ֱֱ£Ϫʪա
¾߹
ᣬӾһþֹĻݣ¾ڵȴ߸ߵţȻס
һֱݱľɥӽ¾ڵĺ΢ƽ
ţŽָ緭ӿĺڳţľ۾ȻҲ֮
һͻı꣬һȴ޾ꡣ
֪ʣߵģ
ؿڣʡ
¾ڣϯʱͻȻѪֹ
˼ߵúܿ죬ǰֻü¡
˳۵仰һֲ˵
ǰǴ£һǰùĵģڻ֮С
ΨʾȻǣŲˡ
쿪ʼֻĬĬĹ˿ڿ޳
.
ֻ뾡ȥʡ
̫¾ֱӽһֱһ߬ʱǰ㼲۶ȥ
ۡ
뿿ڳ¾ڵĻڣҪôٶȻ᲻ײˣ᲻Ὣ¡
ֻؿŽ¼ٺȴӳ޾ʯ·ʱʱȻģ
¸ʳǺܽһյĹ㵽ˡ
¾Сؽ
ʳǳŴ򿪣վΡĳ£ܹһֱĳšš̫ţƹʼмٹһǬţǬ幬
·ϤҲϤ
ǸССʱ򣬾ϲ̫ࡢŮڻʹĴˣ·ϲģΪ·ϻܶˡݵǹ߹·ȥݼʣЩǼҲ¶ºͰЦݣֱԽԽǵİ֮Ĳűɾء
ĸܽǰܣǲϹ񷨡
ĸȻǸĸ󣬼ȹܵܣ̵ֽϸϣǳɳ񶼿޵Ĵ빫
ɷϣĸǽܱȸʾĶˣҲζŸۡ
δջŮĸмڻµʱܵһֱϲʸ࣬ΪʷǳᣬǶҪʲôʶĸ󷴶ǰǣˣʱʻλ棬͵볼˵
ĸõĸ󣬸ʻõĻϣȴˡ
һգʹļңļңʲôʱعʲôʱعõ˭᲻ӭ
ʲˣĸ󡢵ܵҲˣȴ֪ĸȻ۰ȴѹط۰ǰ档ܾܵ͸˵ˣܿͻ᳹׳󣬻Ѻܶ¶ǰ档ûд飬Ҳ񸸻ڳʱ˵塢÷
ʱܼˣߵú
һߣʹζˣԺҲὫʹصȨϿøء
ĸ˵˾ζűɴˣΪ
ֻлˣΪ
.
Ǭ幬
ѾΪ˳ϵѪۣһīɫۡ
ߵͻȻûüﱸԼɥ£ɥҪʱơ
ɡٹ١عһƬ¾Ż߹Щˣһùλá
ǰ
ݻʺ̫Ӳߣݻʺ泯죬ϵᡣ
ʮ̫ѾһˣϰſڴϣһŸʵ֣·𸸻ʻ
㡣
㣬ֿ̫ʼ
ȥƿ֣ܵܵԼȥա
ʵѾˣȴȻʱһʱ۾ɫ԰ףüȻº͡
̫ڽߵ̫ҽ˵˵Ĺ²͹ȡ
ģؿų˯ĸʡ
֪࣬ǳŮɫõҩͿˣαʲô취Ȳ˸ʡ
޷αֻŪЩαķӣøʶꡣ
үԸ̰ģֻøʶ˾ա
պ̺̣ܶܶٸε˳ϣǰߵ棬ڱʷټôʵһʣܺ˳Ц
ס˸ʵ֡
ػһأΨһ︸ʷֵǡ
.
ɥݻʺڸ񲿡ȹԱ֣ҪĲ࣬һɥܵһǬ幬ǡ
ٹҲҪ飬ֻȫ˵˶⡣
ҹĻ٣Ǭ幬ģֻк̫Լλˡ
һֱʱݻܷϢʱȥǬ幬š
ʱڴϣȴ˯⡣
˾ˣϱѾⱲҲһֱ׼һ٣ɻۣȴԼȫڱʹС
иҪҪ
ʻţܶԸԥʾĸ󹫵δѶУΪиһøʻݺԥ
񸸻ˣܼܵλϱԥµ췴жʮʱ䣬ֻҪĸ󡢹ּʱͻлǰֹԥ췴
ɫһƬڣǬ幬ĸ󣬵ܵܺ׼̫֮򵽰ҹȥˣûѡ
ĸҪ飬Ҳ¸
ݻʺͬһɫɥͷֻһľδʩ졣
װ˺ܶ£û̫ŮĻֻŮеһԣʣ£
̫ϰĸˣϰߵһίУֻ侲ػĸ󣬵θңҪ¸һ顣
֪ŮأŮĻҡݻʺӣ룬ŮȥǬ幬鷿ȡ
鷿һ͢ȵˡ
Ϊڸ׸ǰһ͢ҲҹδߣͬʮͣԱس֮ɫĿʹȴᶨ·ýҲƾһ֮ȡ
͢ǷݻʺİʾģΪݻʺдû뵽鷿ϱ
Դݻʺ빫ϱ̬͢ȿ϶ǲһġ
뻪棬͢Ŀͱºʹȱ·վŵĻ߰ǸССѹҪİ
Ȼ¡
ͬ͢ᣬ˳ȻĿеȴҲǸĺûϣ֪ЩӲṼգŸҷָǣڸҪʱ򣬼ᶨΪǳ
ڰȵ۰һġ
ͷӲᡣ
ʱݻʺҲˡ


109 
֮˵Ȼ, ܲס򵥺á
ǰֻκƹ¾ڣǵһν˵ĸ󡢹ԥ췴һǡ
ϱԥ췴, սѾΪмλ󽫣˼ʤ, ڳ͢ʼռƣ¾׷ɱԥҪͷսãԥ㱻͢ץҾֳ׽
ʱĻ, ȻҲܹעս, ȴû;˽սϵ, ĸ󲢲Ը̽Щ, ಻ȥҹѯʣֻеܻܵ˵һЩ, ҲǸϲ
֪, ֻѾļλ, Լ¾սǳսۡ
鷿ڣܻѾҹúҪ, ЩҲȫ˵һض, ӣƺʵŵˣʱ, ʱظһЩ, 
ݻʺ󡢳͢ĬĬ, ˭Ҳûͼ
οƻ, ޷ŷ, Ȼ֪ôط֣ЩʱδҪְ͢δϣͲòݻʺ󡢳͢ˡ
ֻԥ˶ʮҪֱǡ
Ѿ㹻ĸ󡢹Ӿ裬Ϊĸµսȫ̫꣬꾡ˣֻʱ˯ʱ䣬ôࡣ
ĸ󣬸ϣҪתǣһҪǰֹԥ
ݻʺ͢غӵĻʵ֮λܷȣС
͢˼Ϣʱ䣬׵ģضᶨһȫ֮ߣֻǴ빫رܣٸκˣ̫ӵ£̫٣¾ŵǱߣй¶
ȻӦ¡
͢ٵϿȸΪȵˣ빫һﶼڣǻʲô
ݻʺ󲹳ʣ㸸ʿ˵ĸŮǷ֪飿
û˵Ӧǲ֪ġ
ϱԥ췴ϢǣֱֹŵõʧװģҪˡ
Ȼֹǲװģ޵ڣһֱԥϣֹűųӴľӺ󹬣Ӱӡ
ݻʺͷʾŮȥ
ߺݻʺʳ͢׼Ӧԣ
͢ȵεΪ棬ԥ£ơ
һ̫ӵԥؾɥô˻Ὣԥھǣ߽һ
ݻʺüԳʵۼݱ㲻зɥ֮˵̫Ӳ´گ飬ȵǰҲԥ
͢ǣ˼ȷʵסĵڶƣȲԥȵۼݱҪǿ䱸ΪɣлḨԥļλȵǣίɿɿȥΣԥ޴á
ݻʺüͷûչڶ̶һھԸӵԥȻԥᣬ͢ĵɽ̫֮ԣǿּܲתӵԥǰ¡
͢ǵǣȻԲ꣬ȴв㣬Գĵƣǳ͢Ϊǿפغϸ߾Դԥ䲻ҷЩ
ݻʺеżˣŵؿϽôȫЩ׵⣿͢ɴѹԥʶȤȻãƣָ͢˳췴ͷ˵ĸݲ
ݻʺԹ͢ң̧ͷһۣޱȷʵǳ뵽ΨƲߣ֪и߼
ݻʺûУ뵽ҲЩƲߣҪôΥѵҪôûȫɹİգҪôԥ췴ɡ
ȻݻʺԺ·ʲôٿ͢ǸŲҳص̬ݻʺ˲侲͢Ͼͱˣ㾿ôģ
ݻʺжγ͢͢жݻʺ󣬵ݻʺ˳۾ټΪ̫ӽ飬˳˳ڸ׸ŬҲٲݻʺ֧֡
ݻʺԼ⣬͢ڣȳŵ뾩ʦȷʵܽͬʦɽ㡢ֱɽΧԥҪ췴ֻܼϣڴͻȻ£ڳ͢ΧǰѸ֮¾ǡȻ˵Ѿ֪Ĵ㣬ȫʱǰ𣬾ûȵΣ涨Ҳסԥ㳼Ըͷ
ݻʺĬƬ̣ʦصأؽ͢뾰˳ݻʺҲ֪Ǳ
͢˵ݻʺ󲻱صľʦİȣٶݻʺϵķ
ԥڣһڹаλֱǾ֣ºԼԥ˰λֵֶϰλ»ҼҾ죬ˡЩҹռкأ⣬ֻȥһ꣬һصٺ»ռ˵ظ˰ʳĳ࣬ȵפûҪࡣ
ݻʺףʾ˵
͢ԥ췴϶޷ܿλĶĿϱ͢˵̫˼ҲⷪĿģϹͬάɽȡЭԥһ췴Ϊҳӣԥһͬ
ݻʺ󳹵˳͢˼
ԥΪǣ͢ԥмλӴϣ͢˳ؽһصİλˡ
λŸԵֵһ˵ףռ׵֮࣬һζˣ൱Ϊ͢ø۵Ĵһμɵӷ֦׸Ҷ֮˽乫黹գֳʳ˰͢һ츣ԼĴ£ЩԤĺôȣѹķѵľȫֵһᡣ
ϸհԶҺ塣ݻʺ֣صص
ֻ͢׼ƣó˼ƣҲǵʶˣ塣
ݻʺЦˣǸϱֻ֪ԥзģвɡ
͢һѺӣ֮˵ҲδȫɿԥᷴδѣҲʲôʧ
ݻʺϣԥģֻ̫ӡԥӣӻСԥ練ˣҲʡġ
Ȼ⻰Ͳø߳͢ˡ
Ǳߡ
һͣһĲٳֹ±ɡ
Ƭ֮ݻʺȥǬ幬͢Ҳ漴ȥλϣڸҪһ̫Ӽλ
ǻ䲻λƵۿ̲ݻ
.
ǹӵ̫ʱ͹һԹۡ
̫Ȼʮ꣬Ϳʼ飬ʼѧϰһλʼݱȻģȴҲ֪ҪϴǽҪߵļλǳ̡
̫ӳƵۣݻʺͬʱ̫ףһż⡣
۲ֹϿ
ĸŮȻĸ󡢵ܸܵˣҲûʲôߺ޵ѶҲ
һֱҹлᵥĸˡ
Ÿոʮ̫ΪæµһգʱҲˣб޺һࡣ
㲵Ů̫¶ֽŮߡ
ˣָһΣ̽չһܼ尾ɣ
Ů뻳УŮļ
ֵ
޿ȡˣĸԽԽ̰
̫óӣְŮᡣ
˳۵ļݱڸ϶û̫Ӱ죬˸ҲУֻһ͹ȥˡ
Ĵ£е˽飬Ҳһ˫Ůɥ֮ʹ
̷ģԥ¸Ѿ˷֮ߣֻһ㸸飬˯ʱúϢõģ֪𣿡
ͷ
ĸҲŹԥ͸Ӱˡ
ǰ¶Լţʱ˿ֻ̣ȫֻʣԸʵ廳


110 
³, ɫаһƥƥǳţдȵۼݱ̫ӼλĹǰعٸ֮
Ͻھʦ, һ֮ڣϢ㴫Ͼ, ֪Դ˻طʼعɥ
Уλںϵϱߣͷľ°βյġ
Ǿ˳ͬĸĵܵ, ܵ常
ʮ, Ȼ, ƽʱǿ, θߴ˶ڱϡ
ž˳ۼݱج, ߸ߴľ˹ȥ, ߵ, ҲǰֹҽַĿ
޹, ˷Ϣ
ҹĻ, ڼλĻŽе鷿ִ¡
µ٣Ĳ, үʱ, 
ֻ³͢ûôöԸ
һĹͷ, ̫ƽʢԺٻ, ֻҪǴһ·Ϲƾ, ڸҲùԹԽСʵۣү׳Ƴ
ҪиͷȻǲ֮ʦ£طԱ죿
Ļ۷׷ףеĦȭƺ޲ü̾췴죬еĽ΢ΪҪӳﻮ
ʵ˼
Ӿͷһ쿪ʼλ֮ģֻǸոյִֻױ޸
ʮ꣬һ߻ܲƸһСб÷ɢںϸصھ֡ũׯȵͷѾһ֧˵ľ֮ʦ㹻ֻЩͷĿ֪һ£˱ضӵ
⣬һ֧ǼӺϾڵҪԱ̰֤ݻ޷֮ڵܺϵͷ߲ʹʹָʹˣ۳͢˶ٴΣֻҪˣܻв֮
ʱͳϵԱʹ̩òȻʵ̰ɫӵĸͨʹԼԺã׵ȴϼΪ
ҪģͳϾʮ߸ƾཫʿĶָʹȡ
һԱ󽫣ȻҲᱻ͢أ
ҲûκܹëȨɫһմ
ɵǣȻǸδɵСʱĸ׽ѵڣΪӣΪŮΪɫڱϣ̧Ϊҡ
ҹʱĸӷѾȥ꣬ǾҵˣҲ֪ȥδѰ١
һֱǵ㣬ǵǸԼ򷹳ԵĽ㡣
ĸ󣬹շתڱ߹شӾµţҲһëͷСɳΪһλ󽫾
Խ󣬹Խײó֪͢һ󽫾Ȼ뷪׹ϵԹȴδκ͸¶һλھ檵Ľ㡣
Ƚκ϶ָʹһְʱҲ˹ǸĵܵҲ֣һڹǰᵽµĶָʹˣͻȻӯڽޣҪȷλָʹǲ׵ܵܡ
һӿ˴
뿪أùװͨ񸾻ǿеģȥ˹ȣͷʹޣϡ
ûϵȣƾ˵׹ϵƾӣţֻҪȥҹȣȾһ᳼ȾҪԽܿࡢ͢ҲѾء
ҪбҪнͲܹӦãԼһϳ͢İӣ
.
պ󣬾ĺֶԥ˳۵ĳӡµ۵׸磡
⼸ԥͦĵģȻʲ̫ӣһֱԹɸһȥûˣһ̫Ըûеš
Ĺģ˵λҪױԥǴڴټλ̡
Ǳãԥкñˡ
ҲڴԥʮԥѾʮĴӣͷģ뵽ֹ
ֹǸִŮˣ˵ԥԴû뵽ֹòûܼ̳С
ԥ˺󣬾ֱӰԼӡ˳
ԥ
ΪҪðű͢Σܹ
һʹֲʮ꣬ƽʱҲúõģûκֶһ㶼ɻֵ飿
ԥûɡ
ߺ޵ڽʱһŸң˵ݺ¸ְѳֳбƹ֮ơַǳǣ˿ţֻܸ˵ƣֻ˵ֶΪ̫ӣڸ󷴶ԣ˳ٳ޷¶ġ
˵꣬ȡǷαľ˳š
ԥ֮һӾˣ
ǳ͢ģģĸֹһλݺǲ͢йңǰʱɱˣڲ˶ߣ
ԣǶ˷ָңȶԸ֣
ˣΪ飬ǰҪ̫Ӽλԣ
дԥ͵һӣ۾Բˣ
ԥȴһ취ûУ̫Ӷǻˣô
ȻҪΪ⡣
ԥԥµĻҲûб
˵ָʹΪҾԸΪֶȥ̽Ŀڷ磬ӵֶֶ¿Ҳ
ԥһϣ͢ҷǣ
ֶģʮɰ˵ȻҲȥ
ԥǵġ
ֶ룬͢Ƕݺˣһӳȶǿ϶Ҫֶ֣»ΪԼȡʲôԴУ
ԥڳױȰ
رܣ漴Ը̵ȥָʹȡ
羰ϣӵҪ׹ϵۣ£ҷһԾΪ¹
ҪıˣԥҲˣа֡
Ͼڵĵط٣Ǳ˰ѱģ׷׵꣬ٸرǼı
ԥȵ˵ӡȥ˵֣λҪ֧ԥ
췴´Щĸվӣɾ˺ݻǲӣԥĴ̤ƽ⼸
ˣĶֻױλȿţֻùԹ׳ʳΪԥͶ״
һ׼ϣ³ŵ磬ԥͻȻڿ⸮ĳǽ֮ϣԳ⼯ϵĶʮڰо̫󡢳͢ȵ۵ȼ״ָǣҪΪȵ۱Ϊ̫͢󡢳͢ȼ
.
ǡ
ʱ˳۵Ѿ꣬µҲٰ˵ǻ䣬ΪҪٸţҶ֮Ϊٵۡ
ܷⳤΪȵڼ䣬ʽ˳¸
Ͼ޵ŮҪΪһТסڳ¼ң¼˻ҪҪˣ
ټϵܵٵǻմȨͬڸڵʱ򣬻ʽ㱾Ҳʵ¸־ˣ¼ݵݡ
ڹʱ¾ںټ棬Ҳûл˵ʲô
ȻԸʼݱһ빬סڵԵദ
ʱ뾰˳ۼݱѾ˰¡
¾еĻˣȴûװʱô㲣ĿҲƽҪο֪οڡ
վڻǰĬĬؿ
Ϊ˾춯صĴ£Ϊڼֱ˰µʱ䣬֮ƺֱ
ûʲôоģʵļݱӰ¾ڵĹϵ¾ڵĳĬѹһС˵Ĳ졣
󡢳ƵˣĸСģ·һĵһ˪ܲס
ԣĳ¾ЦЦߵĴɣվʲôǰûôн
Ц¾ڲЦҲЦ
粡ŵ꣬ݣĸ׵Źһȥɽҹ
ʮĸŮ֣϶ʮֵ
Ӳߡ
һۣ
¾ڵȻͷֱ̧ס
û£ǲôţʱ飬Ҷ׼ģ˼ܳꡣ
¾ķ˿뵽Ԥĺˮ˱Ҳ뵽ͻȻȥͻ
Ϊ޷죬ʵһֱ
һŹ֮˵šڶĻᣬܼôǱߵΧסôڳԡ
֪ͷӵȻ̫ҽ˻ȥͷӽһ׮ʹ
˿ΪԶߣƢ
ʱ򣬳¾ھƲǰ֪ʲô
ộԼа취
º˵Ϊֹ˳ѡ㣬¾ˡ
ۿž˳۵£¾ڲףǰԤ֪һĻŲϧա
ǰ¾Ҫײʲôܡ
ɵɥ֮ʹ¾ںȻˡ
ʲôܶҪľͺá


111 
ԥ췴, ܵԥ͵ϮģĴ
һߵбһ߼̽ս˰Ӽǡ
սִﾩǡ
ٿ, ٹϳ¡
֮ϣʮٵ۶, ̫Ҵֹ̫վԱߣ֪ʲô
͢Ȱԥ췴ϭһ顣
׸˳δ£ǾͼɴƵӰһΣͨ졣
ܿ, ̫͵ֹ̫ŴѶ, ε, Ӧ޴, λ°ɡ
ʲôһĶԥҰ, ȵڳѪ, ڳ, ȵܲʱȵй֮úչŮ, , һɶͿ
ԥ̫͢õˮǾ͸ˣǰĴγ̫͢, ȵۻ̫ӿ϶һ, д㡣
֮ܶ, ٹٹԥϭȫﹹ, Ϊ췴Ϲͷ
ԥ¡췴, ƽҡ
ԥųжʮʵֻʮǳ͢ʮǷ˽ǵĹٸسǱñȽصɢɳʱһΪǡ
ԣ͢鲻ߵı߽ؾֻɽ㡢ֱɽӺܱ߳ʦԥصĺ·ٴӶʮǲʮཫʿ뱣涨ؾϳһ֧ʮΪƽѵ
̫˲ϵ̴ľ顣
΢촫ٵ۶Уٵ۱ϴΪף׼ࡣ
ٹҲӵ
漴ǶʮָʹУվڴ룬ӧ
ȻԥףʱҲߵվ˳
͢ɨЩֵ׳ǣٵ۵ϣʮǾ񣬾ɲսͰȥԵȥǰʮսΣ
ٵ׼ࡣ
ͳ˧ȻսȴҪӲã͢ټǡûؾ̽ĸı߹شɡ
ɵѷɫҺ鱩꣬ǰߵĳɽôǷġ
̶̰ʱ͢Ѿƽ֮ߣɫɣû̫ԥУϾԥɲǵꡰ¡ĳү涼Զˣ
ЪΡ
ТТȻţܷļϷ˱˿˿Ƶ䣬׵Ժ
ɫطױ̨ǰɳΪһˬ򵥵ķ٣ѩ׵һβ¶˳
ڴʱ½˵򷢸ˣ
̫ϲĳƺعأԼĵ̣ź˼
ԭҪһЩˣˣСӣҪɢ
˯ѲȻЩ᲻Ļˣһҡ
˸ʼݱʱɥӡ
ⱲӸʱϱӶ˾գԣµԥû췴ʱҲûг׷ģ³š
ֱȥǰ
ɫصصԥ췴ˣҪʱλڹ£֪һ˵ϲص
Ҳûȣ⡰ԥ췴ĸ֣Ͱ˯涼ˣϱҪ
Ļͨͨһ±һ¿죡
޷⣬ĸ빫ֲ֣ôԥˣ
󣬻ԼˣԥȻ췴㹫ĸ׼߽ԥţԥһҲ͢ĵ취ΥĸκΣֱӶĻŸʼݱԥ֮ӣʧ˵塣
ˣЩѾҪˣҪǳ¾ڵ
ʳǸʯ·ƽΪ̫ܵ죬ʱʱصһ¡
һַų壬Ժ˼š
¾Ѫж㳯͢û밲ԼҲҪëԼģοھ£ͻȻǣǸ߱Ǹ̰ث֣
¾ǷȥˣҲܿ޿ҲҪʷЦ
ͳֻҪٰѳ¼̫̫ѳ¾СǳսۣӦƽ
ǣǳսۻ£¼̫̫ھ͡ΡҲ̫б¡̫ŷ
ͣڹ⣬ϤĹһߣǬ幬ŵܵݾӴ˴ĸ󣬻Ҳ˾
ĸҪ
̫üֱӻŮ֣֣սǶϷͲҪˡ
Ů̫ߵŮҲҪȥ
ɫ޹أԥϾǸʵĳӣܵܵ׸磬ٱ췴͢ѹӦԵǰ߼ԥһ棬׿ڶ䶯֮֮ٸһλᣬǸܵܶʴȣھȪ֮£Ҳٳܻ֮ʹ
̫¶㵣һʶŮƵģ˺һ
ݵصš
̫޷⻰͢Ҫһٳϵİ˸սǰӻԽã°ԼԽ޿ָժ
ңӶ뾩Ůȷʵʵѡ
̫᲻ã᲻ĵƵŮʱڸȥʻң᲻ŮһսϿܻĸΣա
ԥ췴ģ֤ȷ䣬ӻһҲûд󰭡
̫Ҫԣ߹סĸ󣬸ߺܵܶ࣬ҲЩʲôһˣԲԣһֱų⣬һľһˮڳ޵ͱõˣҲһ
֪ĸûóȥˮֻǰԺĵӺݻˣҪʲô¡
ɻĵǸˣԼϲŭ֣Լ¡
ŮӹأǻŮʽ㰡Ҫڸ񷨵УŮкȤ
ĸ󣬸ˣżҲ񸸻һأвУ
䵽ĸ½ϡ
̫󣺡
ΪʲôŮԽ󣬷ԽСʱ򻹸أ
ʱ̫ԺľܾŮû˸ʣͰ͵ӡ
ɵ̣ⲻݲݵ⣬Σա
ĸˣ룬֮ǰԥһΣʱҿ϶ս󷽣Σգֻ˵͢ԥѾˡ
̫ݴŮҪ
ԹԱ죬ֻ̧ͷеĸ
̫˺ߣ˵ôʵΪҪȥİɣ
ȻҪˣôӡ
ֻ̫ŮӲҲûٷԣˣȻظ׼·ϿҪõĶϽԤȫõʱԿ౧ԹȻҲ̫ţýʿڸ㸮ױҲϣʱʱ̴̿粽㡣ȻҸܵ˵һּܲ͸㷢ȥ
ЦҾ͵Žּܲ
̫ҡҡͷǿŮȴһҪɽˮɵģ
뿪̫ȥ鷿ӡ
ٵһͼˣΪĸǿȽȥģ
̫ķһöŮԼ⣬ͬʱ̲ס˼һ˫Ů﾿Ǹʲôĸ


112 
¾뿪ȥ, λָ֪ͬһپӡװΪڳ⼯׼
æҹĻ٣¾ڲٶ, ڳŹرյǰһ̼ʱڡ
ΪǼѾ˯, ɫÿһյĽֵ
ֱʱ˿̣¾ڲʱ᲻Ϊԥ췴¾Ҫң᲻Ϊսġ
޷ϡ
վѰŮӣȵۼݱҲֻǰһ, ֮ܿͻָƽ, Ҫκȥο
ǰǳ, һƬƻͨ, Ѳҹ
ĸŵ
¾ڵͷｻרŸǣС, 첽˽ȥ
, յıո, ϵĹ۶֪ˮʪڸ˼أϰʹȻ, ¾ȻȥƵϴ
ѾȺӶʱ, ڼˣ󼸺Ƿɱߵģ˷ܵ, ˵û, Ҫһ
¾ڽŲһ١
̫µּܲ, ˵ԥ˻ϵֳ, ̫ԥ, ԰ŹȥǰȰ˵ԥϣԥ±꣬ͷǰҾãӦǹԼҪģ֪ҪƽңҴҾͽȥˣ
һƬӸˣ
¾ȫûиĺ飬ת߳ˣֻͷԸ󣺡ˮȥҪԡ
ЦѾԤˣͰһͰš
¾ڶȥҡ
õʱ򣬳¾ڿľͰεˮüͷøˣֱ֡
Ӻ󣬳¾ܷ
Ѿڴˣڳ⼯ϣҲܳٵڸôŶУȻҪ͵óӣܽнʿǿ˵Ϻȵġ
ֻǼƻĺܺãⶼڴɰʱˣȴԽԽ񣬺˯⡣

Ӧãγ͢ĵǲϱӼһͳ˧Ȼɴ󽫾սʮҲʮ¾ڵҲİܿϾʵļݱΪѿ˸¾ߣͲʾˣððʧʧоİΧ
Ϊδȥǰ߰ɣʤ㣬Ƕǽʿͷ­Ѫս
ַһȻ¾ڹˡ
ûã¾Ŷ롣
һƬڣڳ¾Ϊǲ˯ʱڵյưɡ
ƽƽģ͸¶һ˿˷ܡ
¾ҵӣ봲յƣȥϣһذ׵£ڷɢһŰ͸۵Լ˫ǵӡ
¾ھ֪ܰѰŮӴĦ˷а
Ҫȥԥ̸Ҫȥģ¾ڷ»ӣߵߣʡ
ϲͷ˵Ĵ
¾ɫݵá
ŵԼҪȥģּܲ˵ȥ̸Եĸ󡢵ܵܶԥʴȡ
¾ڣòΪԥӣĻ͹ԹͶ͢
ˣôɵһ˱ӻҸĸûָ仰ֹꡣ
¾ЦˣȻ֪ӻΪηҪȥΪȥô򵥣ÿƵֻʮ·ÿ춼ԵվϢԴԴϵˮʹãҸ˵δҹ̣һϢʱ㸽кûʱˮԡ˵óšء

ЩС£սϵоʱܳͽ˧Ҳұ֤һܻȫϸƤģ˼ֻӰյ캰أ涯˵ǹɱָѾɵ㳤ݣ϶Ҫ㣿
¾Խ˵ԽףҲԽԽơ
ֻĵؿȳ¾˵ˣЦˡ
¾ڣ
Цˣ
͵ԴӸʼݱ⻹һ˵
޸¾ڵĵһ쿪ʼ¾ھû߸ϵĹҹһ绰ƪֳܸⱲ˸˲٣ҲûжϹǳ¾ڴ̳¾ڡһֱʼݱ¾ڲͻȻ˸Ƶģ˵οĵĻҲ˵Щģÿ춼ܳĬ
˵ʵ̫ϰ߳Ĭֵĳ¾ڣǰһó֡
һ¾˴
ҺûոЦˣ飬¾ڶҪǲ˵̫ˣҪѲɥõĹѵޡ
ǸŤŤӣʼȷʵҸռ޽ǼҵʱͻȻҪұǧȥһδı̫̫ТҵȻˣﲻ·ϾͻǸǹϵȶϵսʿĴ£һʱҪڳףҲ̫Сˡ
ʶԣܽʱ򽲾޷ˣ϶Ѵַǰ档
¾Ȼ㲻³Կ࣬Ҳ±Ѿ°ߣ
ЦŸĸ˳ᢣ˧ű󣬸۷ʲôܼױȫ
¾ڵˡ
֪ܼǹġ
ȳ¾ڿҪͲסʱ򣬻ŲסĲӵȻҸţΣգиҲἰʱվ
¾ȫӲǷ˵һ˵֣ڽѹ岻ҪΪΥĿֱ仯
Ϊȵ۲ȥһ£ҵǸһ᲻ˡ
ȴ˵ˣԴļ˯ɣ컹Ҫ𡣡
¾ڣ
ӲȻҪ˯Ϊβɵȥ
ȴ
¾ںһأҿɲ
Ļ˵һ룬֪ﲻˡ
ֻûв㞋þļ磬
¾̣ȻһһվȰյϨˡ
ڰ¾˫ֱ˼Ĺϱߵɴ£ϡ
Ĺԣյùںڵĳ˿а͹
¾ͷһֻʣҳͲ½ʿᣬ˵ΪҲȥģԥ̸ֻĻӣ
룬صҲɣұΪ㡣
¾ĵ٩
ǾϲĻҲˮеƻá
û˵ϲҲװ׵ر¶ʲôи
ʱ⣬ʱ򣬾ڣ¾ڻе㷳ꡣ
ⷳⲻܣֺαٿ
뿪ķ˿ס°̧ͣ˲䣬¾ڵȥ
ǿƣʵԾɴһ˿ֻ̽һ£ͻɿ
ɻûж㡣
ʣìܡ
Ȼ¾ǰ뾭ѵТճȾڴ֮ǻżΪġ
ϾǾҪһˣδĸ¿ܶд˿̵İݣԼ˶ոԡˬ
סĲӡ
¾ȫһ
һڴ϶Ҳûж㿪ʱ򣬳¾̣̽Ҫȥһ



113 
ɫ, ĳԼױѾ˳⡣
˧ɹ
ǽʿͬ͢ƣҪ곤Щ, ʮꡣ
ױ飬˼Ĺٺʼչ¶, ƽɽˣڸܣҲڱعǱһԱͽش󽫾
ж֮, ʮ
˵˵, Ϸ˶, ̫ٵ۵, ҪΪƽѴС
վ¾мԿǰλãͷǽ֮ϡ
ٵͷϴ, һ, ɫһƬ
̫Ѹԥ״, ٸнʿɻǰȥԥ̸ϣ˵ԥݱֹս
, ٵ۽ӹ, ԥִԲڽʿҪΪԥοȵ֮飡
Զĸ, ̫ԴŮӵϸ, ϵʮɳԽɬ, ǻеĻʼһµ, شÿʿĶС
ڽʿ÷οȵۣ
, ֱ
ʦ̳
.
оʱĳоһм䡣
³ʮףϸɵòһˮ̤֮һƬƬҳ
棬ñչⱩɹЩҳȻ͸ŷ϶ɴᣴ³ָɣʱʱһЩζƮžǳ¾˵ıࡣϾֻ˲ŻҸط⣬Щ
ơ湫ӣü䶼Щģ¹ּܲࡣ
Ȼһ뵽ٽʿڵر£ñҸسʲôʸԹ
ȵˮɣ
Ʋ˲Ȱ˵
ҡҡͷ춼ٺȵ㣬ϰӪ˵
Χȫǽʿڸ·̫ˮȻŮˣȥ﷽㣿ͳȥͰÿ
ע⵽Ѿ߶ðҲˣϢɡ
ʱ֣һƬҰţʱʱԵȺˮٴǶٲȺԡ
ʿǷ׷׶㵽¡
ҪϢҲҪ³
óñ
ûãȥ治ͨпòʿȴҪΪ˳͢սϳ˼ܻȥһô
󷽷˳ɾȻվڲԶ³ʮָʹҲڣæλ˲ˣֻûбɣǸΪҵʲôұˡ
ȷʵûϾһֱ˵صͷʮָʹȥһ
¾ؿۻŸ˧ȥˡ
һ̺˴ֲ˵вʹõﶼӼ
ȻԹʳķˣ˳һɫ
ƴյߣ⹫õľֵ⣬ֻҪ룬ܼǻѰطͰ֤˾֡
ƳԶܼ˵ʲô
һ뵽ĸΪֵģ͸Ťˡ
˵ɡ仰
ʿˣˣߵ⼸תȦ
ɵȾòԶǱɢ˺󣬳¾ڡһ𳯻
Ųͣȶ߽ˣȿڵҺܺãҪǵģʲôʲôȥɣҲ˧˷ϣͬˣʱ꺮ůҷ顣
ʧЦãǱ͹ˣúϢˡ
ǰԱ˵ľƾͶ˼ֵ٩ζ
ؿűˣĿ䵽ǿֲһ
ȵӵĸˮ
¾ڱɣһڸһˮƫĺʼնŻ
û취Ըһ䣬Ȼߵ¾ߡ
û£¾ѵһԶ㡣
Ϥһۣ档
Ⱪɹó¾ӢֳƬ͹ĺ죬촽ҲЩɡ
ƴӳʳй?ǻû緹Ǵӳģ²һֱñţҲǻΨһһҲҪԸˡ
԰ɡ¾ڲȥʳķˣȰ˾䡣
˶ܿˣ¾ڿŻЦЦ㣬ΪλҪң
ҳԱˣЩҲ˷ѣι㡣
¾Ѿ¸һȡʳİ״С룬һÿӼвˡ
Ĺ۲ҡ
ʿȻñȽԶ߿ĻҲؿ¾Щʲô
ξˣԺ㶼Ҫٹ
¾üڻͷģһ䣿
ľָʹԼıһΨϲܡ
¾ڣЩģֲս˵ı֪벻ˣ˵仰ʲô
ģΧôˣֱôŪ΢΢ȣ̫׵ʣô벻ˣΪ֪
¾ڣ밡ѩҶҪܣΪ㣬ѵΪ˻ؼТ˳
⻰˵ȥĸţ


¾Ȼ˵ŻԷٶҲɿ죬´һۣ㣬ҪҪȥ֣
һͶˣͻǱϢȥ
¾ڲԼҪģֺαز˼Ǳ٣Ҵȥڸӡ
ٲߣҺܼ㡣
¾ڶˣûҪٿĵƵС¾ȥ
ǰص㰤š
¾ڻʱߴ׳ʿ¶ղЦݣм󵨵
ǰǧ˶ɣץʱĿ
ֻ誣˳¾һۡ
¾ڲûп£۾һա
ʱ
һΣм̵Ϣӣһֱһʱ򣬴һƬ̲Ӫկ
쳤컹ţǴˮĴˮ׵ףæµ־Ȼ
¾ѰˣȻųơһźӰεķߣһƬС֣¾ȽȥһȷûΣգٽȥ
߳Сʱ¾ڶںӱߣˮϴӸ߸ߣˮʵֱѶ¡
ߵߡ
¾ڿʣˮµģҪҪϴ裿
ҪϴԼϴˡ
¾һס֣ʲôҴ
ϣȻȥҵӪ˵ʱ˵
¾ڣǿɲУһ˶֪֮ؾأӪʣֻһյĹҲܺ˼һѡ

¡
ӪǱߣдԽԽߣԶǽ䰵ա
û¾ںȻʡ
мش
𣬳¾ۼֿһƣֻϸƤˡ
ﻹ£ֻصɢӪʡ
¾ϴϴ֣վ
طӪ¾ڹȻ˴ǱߣʿһԷȥɵ˵˵ȻԼӪʣһ۶ûǱ߿


114 
Ȼʱֲ, 췴µԥڴþˡ
˧뽫ʿǵ£ԥֻҪŴһǰУƽʱעֵү, ҲΪ飬źѾ̫Ӿ͸˵ˡԥøң, Ʃĸ輧ǾӰʿ
˵ȵ۸ոռݱɥеԥ˶óңҪ͵͵س, ߵǶС˲ȰҲȰ, ݡ
ԥ, ȴ˾, л֮жĥɱ¿, ԼǻƵۡ
ԥǸ͵, ߥ췴, ԥҲġ
ҹĻ٣ԥӪʱ, ˾Ӫʡ
о˳, ͵Ϊγüչų檹ϳƺλ͢󽫣ȫѹȵһ˵
Ƚ͵̫˳, ص, ؽ֮, һ·ĸؾ, 治ñ㼱, ·Ӧս
ЦжʮЩǧĵطؾӽӦ͢ǡ
췴ʧҪԴʱ£ΨһʤǱ١
ֻҪڳ͢ĴΧ֮ǰɱǣֻҪСʵۡԥŪ˼λĵһѡҲǳʵѡ
ΣգֻҪܵõ湻󣬴һԵ˶ðա
ھδɵСʵڵطԱʲôطǼû㹻Ĵ⣬ûƴΪ͢ЧıҪһԤ֮С
ȷʵҲûСʵۿҵ͹׸͢ҲӴƽ˳¸λؽλؽеȹƣеֻ˵еıԶԶ˶ʮҲԶԡ
Ľҫñأ֪ҲƴһսѾĽŲȺ͢ȼ
ȷ·𿴵һŴȴȥ
ˣѾ澰·ŶʮƺƵعϾ㱱ֱ񣬶˴ƾգһбһʱںϿ϶ǲеģ̫㳯͢׽ˡ
Ҳؾܾĺ⣬͹ȵͳŸɣʱȴȵհǰ˺
մͦݣྩֻʣһ·̣ۿʤˣǾɵӣ
ɾ֪ǣѾһ·ʱЩǻ˻ǸܶսĴƽ˳¸ؽǣѾǰ͵׸˵ţҪǰԥ췴ս£ҲҪǱâսԥ֮󼯽ϱڼ涨ؾ͢ǰл
.
ԥڼϰӪկҹ֮Ҳڻƻǰִ˼ݱء
ʱƥ۵òˣཫʿҲ۵ùǺ
ɴ涨ؽ塢ؽѳ¾Ҳˣýεεĳλ󽫣η塣
ڳӪ֣ؽӼǡ
塢ŶǴ佫ʮͷͣɵĳг¾ǰǿǣǱȾͺ˰ġ
һڵս֡
ԥݣŻװأȻ˱ջƻ裬ԥŻظڴ˵ݴ͡
꣬ڸܵ˹ĸǰӦԡ
ϱԥͻȻ£ؽƴӭսȻɹѾĽŲȴҲأһֱ涨ߣѾſʼų͢ļ룬ʮɵͳ˧£𽥷ΪʤһԥѾϱˡ
񣬴ıȫ棬Ϊҵԥ볯͢ĵһ塣
ͷʾ˽ˣٿɡ
ɵѾҪأȾĻɽǿǰɽ涨ؾڴˣԽƽѾȴѾսѾȻһӪʮٻԥ̸
Ц˧˼ס
ߵӪһϣ衢λѲҲԴǰɽ
վԼӪ⣬¾Ҳγ֮С
æֻҪʱ򣬲ԶԶس
峿Ͷôҫۣ»¾ڵƼЦˣ¶һڰ
ȥ
ԶˣҪۻڣ誳
ЦЦ
֮ͣ⡣
˵ЦȵۼݱôãȻûлᵥ˵һڰ·ѾٱˣڰṴı
һγǲǺܵģԱݹĵ
ã˧ء
ɣҲݡ
ʧЦһ밲οü䣬Ȼǰ׼ˡ
ɨһȦӪȰȥæɣûµġ
誵ͷתˡ
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誼ޣҲʱ˼Ӧö˰ɣ
Ӫ֮ڣóǰĸּܲһţǺ̸ܻõӦ֮ǡ
ֳ滰ĸ϶Ȼó
ѱ죬Ҳ˼׼һЩԲߡ
ÿ컪Ժ飬ڴ֮ǰʧ˻ʼҵϡ
ֻǣ侲׼Щ˵ڶգ֪¾ڵ˻ڻɽԥѾľ;ˡ
ӵսѾ˱仯ǵϱûлɽһۡ
ս䳡ۣ˧ڶٶԶ࣬¾ڻ᲻£
ܿԼĺﵽﲻסʱΪֹȴѿЩӵ˼
̶̵֪һ򣬻Ѿ²˳¾ڵĺüǲСĴɽͷϵȥǱѾĹؿڣȥѾ̱ӣ˼
ǲڵȻʡ
˲ʮ꣬˵ۿչ˳ģԻҲ󶴲һеߣЦҲǺܵģֻϾǵһսЩ̤ʵ
󣺡֮飬ūоɽģҲȥߣߣת˼
ȥʱŵζ
ֵĻӪīֽ̫㣬óơ׼ߡ
磬ڷɰ
ɫӣǳɫһԢ⡰ƽ
óŮ죬ֲһʼӣ
ԶȻǧ뱼
ͣ롣
ȳƳܳȥ鿴ܼѾ˧ǻˣ
֪ĵʣû
ܼεûԶ
ƣϽȥ
ܼһ·ȥ˴Ӫ⡣
һιģɴȥˣ塢µ
ڽʿƺƵһƬ
¾ڰչְ˧λ
Ӫһξ룬ȿܼװ׾һվڻʿм䣬ۡ
ȴ֪ܼԼүۣͬϾ˶ʮˣҲڵģֻг¾ɹ٣¼ֶİ׵ӣ
ȷƽܼҲûŴкתӪȥ
ҲˣϣӦûˣ
ơ¶ܸˡ
ɫȻһĺɰŽ߿𣬽Ѿ
ȥӽӡ
ü
ƣ˵ȥӽ˧



115 
߳Ӫʡ
ʱǻƻ, Ϧͣзӱĳ϶ȥ, һ缴Ťתս֡
ܼһһҵڳߣȥӭӿĽʿǡ
ɵսĽʿ, شӪЩʿҲ±ɹһ죬ˮĻƤϣû˸ڣҲ
ԽЩʿݶеĳ, һɫط, ʹδʩ, Ө׵Ҳ̶ʢһĵ, ӺݣԶ۶档
߹ĵط, ʿǶ̲סϢ, Ȳʧð˳, 鲻ԽؽĿ˳աȹ֮ϡ
ĴݣոɵȽ췢ֳȻԳӭ, æӿŲ߹, 빰
߲źۼɨλƫĳ¾ڣ䵽ϣ̧, ֪սΣ
ڽվֱ, ǫһЦ, ص, ҵҲ, ѾðڻɽҾʿֻܴʶӣֱҾ׷ɱϽʧ
Եصȫ˧λñ񡣡
򵥵˵˻λȥˣԻӪʡ
ӣҹĻʱ¾ˡ
ӪʷʣǰϢڴ͡
ʼĳ¾ڣԸƳ½ʵܼſڡ
ʿѲ߶￴֪ĳֻ˵ѡ
¾ɣ׼÷һȻҪһꡣ
֮ǰơ¶ͭʪӵݸүȲ
¾ڽӹӣתһ߶һ߲ã·õ͡
Ƴ׽ӱ˻ҽӣջֻһӷˡ
뽫ǳԵĶǾӪĴʿǻԣҪΪʷɥľֻࡢڶӣԼزˡ
һײ;ߣЩĳ£ªķҲƽ˼ɫࡣ
¾ڹ֮ǰմѪ۵ĿˣһɫָʹۣףŮȵ۴Т
֪ɾ¾ûߴգŪһСּߵľڻףԽعصү
¶Ƥ⣬ʣնЩ£
¾ڶˣҧһӰӣȥȿˮŵһʼֻɽѾ˾ʯͷѾȥ׷ɱ˰ʱ˧ձǾ˻ˡ
кθܣ
¾ڣɽ̫ˣÿҲӣЩˣÿϲӶҧһȦİ
Σ
¾ڿһۣУȳ԰ɣ˵
˵ЩѪȵģһڷԲˡ
ͷҨȡ
˹ģ¾ڳԵúܿ죬ͼŻ
󣬳¾ȥߣ˵˼ɸࡣ
ͬˡ
ȡװɢڹСģɫУɾӣڹķټ䡣
ʱʿǴ඼ڸԵӪϢֵҹʿҲž룬Ӱ컪¾ڵ̸
У¾һյԶԶظں档
úõģϿˣ
¾ڣϱ˵ĵһ£ڻеۣ˰ɡ
Щ£ֲ̫ףΪǵоҲõж
¾̾һɽʯͷʱߣǸߣŵ״򻬣ȥɾͱĵˡ

¾ڼһҭŵӣһô㻹˰

¾ڣɽоսʱҪΣյĶ࣬˷ˣյǸˣǹģԶżҾţҿɲܳ£Ȼøˡ
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¾ھٸĵ
Ƶĵƹű˪ˣ¾һ߷ŵ͵һ֤߱УҲ˵Ǹ
󣺡ûһȥˣҲ˯ȥ
¾õǰʣһ⣬Ҫʵشңѡ
ʲô⣿
¾ڣȷģѻʮ

̧žߡ
¾ڣУ÷ˣشҾС
˵
¾ڣʣսϵʱûҡ
˼ûС
¾ڣ㿴Ҿ֪㲻ʵش𡣡
֪㻹ʡ
¾ڣⲻһ죬˵ġ
֪ɣʿǳ˶ٻܼҡ
¾ڣֲˡ
ûȻɹȥ¾ͻȻߵϱ
ƫͷ
ԱߵӪŵƣ治֪˭ѣǶԼ¶ĿխӪϡ
ջߡ
¾Ҳע⵽ˣмȥҵӪһ飬ѵñÿ

ߵøˡ
¾һֱ͵Ӫ⡣
ȥ֮ǰһۣһߡ
¾ھſվţܼҲڡ
ǻĸԻĹ¾ڶûж⣬Ҳûʲô˵
ûãƳˣһϻӣ¾ڵصӪٿ
¾ڿǱߣӹϻˡ
ڵӰ⣬һӪկ¾ھѹҪʲôƩԡ£Ϩ˵
¾ڵӪ߲Զ
ͱһͰˮһžͺܿϻӣµǹ͵ģٺһЦá
¾ھֱȥʡ
Ҫϣ¾ڵȥš
͵͵ƲƲ죬Թȥ
¾ԣͭƴϻӣװһŴɫ棬һƿѪĸҩ
¾ץŵţе㱡Ҷζӣζ϶
¾ڽ˴ͷ
һζ£¾ڿٲһ顣Ҳûȫƭȷʵһ࣬ԼģѾһС̫ƴǹͷˣǰһ¡
ǳ¾ڵһսһʱпɥ
˶ɵ׸ҵĹӣѾֻɱ
ϣ¾ڴ򿪸ҩӣһţͷĨǴϡ
ҩģ¾ȴˣߣһ۵һذĨҩ
ǻ棬ǸһĨЦ
ЦЦҡҡͷҲ֪ⱲܲܿΪһء
Ӫʣơ°ѵϨˣںڰз̹ԡ
ϾǾӪûԡͰ̫ãϴþ͸Ͻѡ
Ǹɰûã̸¾ھҪȥˣѾµϵơ
Ȱٽŷɣҹ۾
룺ǾͰѵŲЩ
ƽбһͷµģ
һƬֻ˰ʱͰѺĶˡˡ
ΨһźŮĲ̫УϸϸҶԲԲֵģҲ֪᲻ᱻ¾ڳЦ
գ򷢳¾ǰϻӡ
¾ڻǻԼ
̳ľºɰԱߣһּֽ񵽵ģˡ
¾ڽûĴĺɰȥض˺ü顣
ϵȵĳУܼ񵽵ģ
ţҶӾȻҲӣ͸¶ư·Ҳ
¾ھɰݺݵһڣ


116 
ԸԥѾ, ȱѾʹȥѾӪһ, ֪ԥջҪ̸
ҹĻ٣ԥӪ, ˧ȶڡ
ųһ̣ɫأɫҲÿԥǱŵˡ
ǰ漸մңԥζԼ, ɽղҰ, ԥ˲جΡ
͢ʹ뿪, ԥĹ, һ⼷ÿҪС۾ĳƳȥȻʲôû˵, ֮Ѿرˡ
һЦֶĪΪ, ̫Ϸ㣿
ԥֹд, ʳԣ°
ֶ̫, ̫߻ּ, ֶŲţͶˣ̫Ȼڴǰ̬, ǰĳĭ, ǵ粻̫֮, ʱ, ̨̫, ٸ·űסҲὫĽͷԶ֣ʾЩֽţȥȵ۸žۡ
ԥ
ٿȡ
ͬ˼ʱͶԥһ·ѽȻ³
ʤ˱ҳ£үصģүʮֻҪɵʮأɼϣֿɵá
ǰȽ龰˱ʱѾû·ǾֻӭѶϡ
Ҳɽ棬¹˭֡
ԥ˵ˣյĺ̸
ʲô̸޷ӻˣȰͶҲȰͶӦȵ۵⣬СʵۿδǣĪҪΪͷΣڵĽɽˡ
ԥ۾һǰϺɵĴͶңһкοɾģ

û٣ͦΣ
.
ɽسм䣬һƬƽ̹ĵش
磬ԥʮѾʮꡣ
һصľ룬мѾһ滪ǣһŲ輸Ρ
߻ų¾ڡǰǶȥǱԥҲžм
ܿ죬ڻͷˡ
¾
ԥֻ̫֣Ҳ
ԥվˣ˫ֱؿѾߵĻһԽԵף·϶·
ԥ룬ûҲȵ۵׹⣬³ɣһҪһ
겻û÷ɡ
ƿȣԥЦеسȥ
ӶؿŶԥ
ǵԥͷ֮ǰȻҲ֣Ҳֻͨĸ̬ϻֻܿӵķɣôʳһֻˣ
ʬδ־ҲЦ˲ãɼûѸʿѹָҷ췴
ԥеľˣҲڨڨ
ʵСûڻǰ˳ڹףÿμ棬ֻƣӿ̽˹Сԥ䲻ˣʱ䳤ˣҲûʲô˭ûøŮƵģǰûһʵ۵ϡ
żԥ·磬ЦһŻȵ׳ԥҪΪȵָ
ԥ˵ʲôҲҲ죿

ԥæܵǾ塣
ͷʱ򣬻ûأϵá
ϱӻ֪ԥõʱڿ˵ǾֻʱѾսˣڽǱеĿڹָԥʹЭԥ췴λһȫûռҲϳλҽԷΪ
Գ͢ԣԥ˭ı𲢲󣬳˾Լսλүǿͷ³
ʱʼݱ¾սմڳڣֻҪ֪͢ʤѾˣĶû̫⡣ָ飬ߵ¹ἰⳡҡ
ʱ˶¶⣬ãԥǱġ
ҲҪΪⳡսʤѷڹĸǰ£Ⱳԥֻܵø졣
ΨһҪģǱס¾ڵ
ûж࿴ϣֱӶԥȰ
ԥһ䣬Ȼ˵ˣʾصĪҪ̫󡢳͢ɱˣǶ˹ҡ
˵վڻĳ¾ͻȻ˹ӣһȭԥŷ˶ޱȵϣ
ԥȫûзӦֱӱƷڵأһ߸ߵض١
סˣȷӦ͵ذγ嵶
ͬεĿϧؿŹȣŹܵδҳμ棬Ρ
ȱܿߣץžĸ첲ҽԥЦһ嵶˵棬սա
˵꣬뾰ֽԥӷ׵
¾Ҳȥ
ƳֱմѪ
¾Ҳע⵽Ȼȣϲ˲䡣
û˵ʲô
ǳ¾ڼʱ֣ԥֻ³ۻ֮ԣĸ󹫵ˮҲ¾ͬѿľء
Һ̸һӻ˺ƾ˺ƣȫǹ˵
.
棬ĳұسڡ
֮ǰûϵ͢ԮѾϵԳһΰ̣׼ټߵıҪǰգѾռơ
󣬴ڸϵɵĴǰлѾһֲ
ٹ󣬹ȻҪͻؼϣκμԾʧܸա
ӣܶѾʿ׷Ͷ͢Ӫԥŵûͷ
ڽ˹飬ϡ㣬ݱܷâ
ԥȥĻãȫΪĽʲô˹Ů̫ͳͳ¡
ɵȻҪ׷ɱ
֮ǰ¾ܻسǣ齵վ̸ɣҲûбҪȻʹܼǻؾɡ
һףҲźûдֻȻͬ᷵ؾӪ
ƽƽģǺʱ
¾ڣһʱ
ܼ׼Ǽ
ܼ΢΢죬ûʲôȥ׼ˡ
¾ŵؿŻ㻹Ҫ
Ϊ˺̸ҲǴܵĸ󶽾ʿǵʿʱȥʿǻΪˣʶӡ
ûȳ¾ڿڣ֪㲻Կ࣬ɸóԵĿҶѾԹˣϰߣƽʤһܷһݹ׬ҫ̸˾ߣģԵҺûã
¾ĿøΪһҫսϵΣնˣ
һۣЦЦΪҫǰǸ˵ˣҲΪ㣬ۿƽƽĲŷġ
¾ŲŹ֣޷ҪȥִһǼٻ
ת˼ȦͻȻһֱվһԵ󣺡ûսΣգΪͲȰȰ
ǸЦ⣺һƬū֪ˣֺαضԡ
¾ڣ
һԻǰɣ
£л빫˵
󣬳¾ͻȻ
ͷųơ³ȥˡ
¾ڹţתһֱǰ
ŵһѪ뺹ζлϢ߰ػһ
סڱǣͷ
¾ںץ˫磬׾ٵؽ
ӶˣŬ֮ľ룬ϵѪŪԼɫȹ
ʲôʡ
¾ڿװĵƵͷһΪңΣն£һࣿ
£
¾ڣҲܣֻ˵زؾ㲻أһᱻһƬжһжͻ̲ס㡣
˵ţ
ʹȫ
¾ֱӽ뻳У˫ۣһΣزأ
Ѿ˲ϵȹˣвۣٿ˵ҧҧر۾׾װɣ֮Ҳȥ
¾ڣ
ףȴҲ£ԺҲϸ
һ̣¾ڳ׵׵ذ
Ȼ˵¾ֻسǶൢһȻųơ¾Աߣһ𳯴פķȥ
󲻾ãձɹϵҰݶġ
кˮ¾ҲȥĨֻĳȥ
ޱȵĹͻȻ³ԿҲҪ¾ԽԽòԡ
Щֱµģ·δ֪Ȼʲô¶ˣƩδ֪ʲôˣͲӦָ̫顣
¾ֻܸǰľ飬²ƽѿ϶ᷢһ׮£һ׮ϧίԼҲҪıĴ¡
˭ֵˣ
¾ڵԺּף١
߬


117 
ԥʮѾߴ, ų͢ߴ׷
ѮѾ˱·ϱǰڴ˵ɽ㡢ɽֱʡʮʹ˴, κζþڴ˵أȱ, Ӳྫӵ˳͢İΧƾǶԺϵεϤ˦͢ն
ѾܾѶ͢ʡԭ, 챱ֱʮ׷Ѿ
һ׷, ʹӰ׷ʮ³
ڼŴΰż֧СװͶ, ֪թֲòɳ·ȥ, ԷĲĸС
ȵսֻ΢ӳ͢Χ˵ٶȣʮ³, Ѿ򾫱ʣ, ʱܱһ򾡡
ԥȶϾʹ˷, Ȼ翹ţ, Ѿһ·ɽ
ҹĻٶȽ١
˧, Թվɳǰ塢š¾ڵȽΧɳվһȦ
ָɽһƬɽǷţɽ, վ, һѾӽȥ, Ҫս, ҪƳ, Ҿǲ֧ȷ·Ƶɽţɽмĺ̶ᣬϷأٸѾκ
ڽԸǰ
ɽӦûƽҵһսó¾ڡὫʮҵָʹǰ˸ǧˣһŲͬɽ·Ƶϵص㡣
Ϊɽ··Ҫۻػ·һɢоٶȻ죬Ҹ׷Ѿ֮ء
һĶӱѾҪӲʾ븽ıϣҲἴǰ
ǣ
¾ڰλָʹ˳˧ʣֱȥ֪ͨԼ
׼׵ʣµľˣ¾ʱȥ˵һȴӪѾϨ˵ƣһƬڡ
¾ҡҡͷԼӪʡ
սźһͨˮܼ͹ˡ
ӪʣүܼùĹĵĻȡһ׳ױͳĹٷ¶ү͵Ҫ̣Ϊ˱ᣬٰǰ
¾ڶˣûʲôһۣܼס
ܼó¾ȹȥ
ȳ¾ڱӪʣܼʱ³ְ֣صվӪ⣬Ϊֵҹ
ںģ۾ϰ˺ڰҲܿһЩ
ơµĵӴʣѾ֪үҪվţʾֱӽȥͳɡ
¾Ī͵ĹУýȢȢŵĹ
ڣ¾Ǹ֪㳣ֵˣе͵ܱûǿ
˽ȥ
ڴϣǵߴĺӰ߽֪϶ЩţʣԹ𣿡
¾ߵߣڲӰʣûΣ㻹һôţ
涼Ҫ͵͵ͲܷԸѾȥ
ָָԱߵӣ˵Ϊ׼ģƲҪɽѰѾܴ֮ٳɽȸԤˡ
¾ڳĬ˻Щ٬صҶˣҡ
ʱ򣬻϶ϣѾš
ǽԸˡ
԰ɣܶЩˡ
¾ڲ̫ϰߵԣʳУóиС롣
ʶô㣬ġ
֪ԹˣԤ룬ŵ˯š
¾ڲÿɷΪСҲûһֶһÿӣתȵһβʣ
ϴǱʲôУʰɾɡ
ŵ
¾ΨһĻӦȻصĺ
ѣߵϴԣˢϴϴͷһǳɡ
ҽͷðɣָͷõȻְڡ
Լ
ŲŲ
ʹҲܽĴ󴲻βģõһխխľ崲ӪʱԲ𿪣Ӫʱƴװ
¾ʱܿͲ̫ʵľ崲֨һ
һҪձ̺ϣ
¾ڽŴģĴôҲǱߵĽʵǴ֨֨£˯Ȼʵʵ϶ˡ˵ˣҲʲô
˵ѾͳԶϤܡ
ס
ռ棬óˣҲˣֻļ򣬲ŷȻǰ㽡˶ǿ׳
ӿ飬¾ȴͻȻ߬סһ١
̫Ϊϲ˵ճ׵ʱӶⱲͲˡ
ˡ
һȦ¾ߵ
ȫ̵ģץסֵǲҪɽǾ˯ɡ
¾ڣ˯Ͳýҹ

ʲôŸ˵˧ʲôţ
¾Ĳɵһ飬Ƭ̽Ӳ¾ģѾο϶ܲˣȥ̶أΣա
ס֣΢΢ŵ֪ΪηҪ𣿡
¾һֳŴ壬һҲˣ˫ںڰתӣΪΣ
Ҳ˸ҪǣǼָ̫̫ˣҲ˧ŵҪȥ̶һа׺ĵطѾ
˵һ˿⡣
¾ڻδҳˣ
ţҿ㵹ѪȥЩҲѡ
Բԣ¾ʪģӸһԴԴϡ
¾ڽţֱۡ
ڰᣬߵڶʪһأء
¾ںһζѣֲġ
Ͳϲôģϼǳˮˣ˱ˣ˵Ǽ̫̫飿
¾ڣúúã飬ɶ顣
׼ôӦԣԮȥ̫ûܸϵü
¾˼Ƭ̣ʣ֪׺˶ˣ
ҿ̫̫˵һˣǧϷżǧͷɱ
¾ڣǼ򵥣Ҷలһˣǰװ壬һȸ
һˣ
¾ڣ·ȷĸҽңˣټϵǿ϶ҵġһǲҺƤһߣٱܿ׺Ƕ·ȫ
Ǿò̤ʵ
¾ڣģ̫̫Լһ¡
˵ʲô¾ޱǿƵ
󣬻˯ŵģɼ˯ˣǽؿڳ¾ڻ¾ŲϾ͸Ų
¾Цҵķ˿
£Ӫﳤúÿе¹ˣۿս¾Ҫ¾ڶҪΪ̫࣬ԩ
û뵽ǸɵôõˣԼ
ֻϧûƵƣûģ
ź󣬳¾ڿʶ
׺
һ˸ߵƫɽΧһ·Ѿôƫƫıؾ֮·ϣ
գ滹һƬڣ¾ھҪˣ͵͵ԼӪʡ
ֻŰֱ۴ӻŪˡ
¾ڽ͵Ҹˡ
Ѹٻָ±ĸ첲Ҹ˵£㶼ס𣿡
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ǺɻǾڶŪ
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¾ȥڣᵽһס
Ȼվˣ¾̵һΣ
˵
¾ڣӦңұǶȡ
һס졣
ȣֻҪúõػٴ


118 
뻪, ¾ȻԼӪʡ
ţһˡ
¾ڽƵơ
֪һӾ͵ó, ҵٶȵһյơ
¾ڽ, ԼССǰ˺һխխֽдʮС֡
дϨƣɵľ崲ϣС˰ʱ
ֽϵī, ¾ڽ۵ָ׸Ǵһ, Žڡ
΢΢, ¾ڵȰ˸ָʹѾϡ
ɸÿָʹ˵˼仰, ֵ¾ʱЦļ򣺡ҪƵ·Զ, Ҳ, ·ǧСġ
¾ڼ̫Ů, ׸͢׶ӣɶٻǸ˳¾һЩչ, Ʃǲȷ̶Ѿ, ɽ·Խɽ룬ԽеѾ, Χȫ, ֻҪһɽ·, Щ
ɼջʱ, ¾ͻȻס, Ӣϸٳư´иĻᣬָʹһͬʡ
һĴָסǸССֽţһµصͷ
˸ָʹֱǧʿȥѲһȦĽչȻоʡ
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ǧʿ˼꣬мγͬ꣬ȻҲû˻оģָʹҹ
쵽ʱϢصĿϣֻһɫۣҲһڲ
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սɱʹʤһҲ
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誣ȫԮüʱ
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119 
¾ڵȷѺԥԼһɽɽʱ, ·Ĵ
ƽڽʿǡ
ֻǽǰʧأǽǰȫû, ˣⲻҪЩʱ丧ο
һֱҹĻ, һɽ갲Ӫկɲ˶ʱ䡣
һ˴˿һʱųҹīĸٳ¾
˧ֻһ֧ȼֻʣСصĺ
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ǽʿ, Ĺٵ, ϿʱԣʱһϮۣ, һλƽ׽˵ĳ
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Ӣӡ
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¾ߺ, һû˯á
Ϊһ˧֪ǰͨеɣȴڳ޷׷鵽, ޷ЩĽʿһܲζ
ֻ, ŮȨݵС
ονǰڶ̶һҹ̺˺·ĽҷԷ, ֻ۳͢
ڹ˽, ɶֻ¾ǰ, ̡
Ǻܻ¶, ѳ͢Ͳ½͢ˡ
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¾ġ
֣¾
ƳŲ֪ѪǺķңüʣڣ
¾ڰԴŵŮ·ʲôʱ򶼲
ŮʲôãǼôˡ
¾ڣԩңЩëսûѡ
˺ߣ˻ʣʲʣ
¾ڣιҺˮιҳԷ
Լԡ
¾ڣⱲӴžͽʹһأ㲻æɶ

ȹٽĳȥ﷿óԵġ
ʾˮһ룬ι¾ڡ
ʱܻõһЩŴοǸոնٵ
⣬ȻûпĶҲ빫ദΡ
ԣܱ˵úأڹԼ뿪֮ǰҲ¡
磬Ͼ׸硣
Ӫڴʱ˿̣û˭ܳڹķ
һӪڣҽѾ˿ڣʱ԰μˡ
ͷһ誶ԾͶһΣա
ٴɨһȦӪʣ誴Žµʼɡ
ҽݹһɸɾľ
課á
ҽǿһַ誵ۣһץסǽ誵ĺ΢΢ζĶϼ
ҧأʼգӲһûԡ
ҽȡͷһ˼ʱøɾɴס誵˿ڣΪֹѪ
ѪˮѸٽ͸ɴ
Ȼŵ档
ȻףΪЩլŮӲϧȥҲҪþֶˡ
ΪֻҪӮˣԵõһʱ谮ݺݲһ


121 
¾ιˮ, ָι˷Ҳ߳Եġ
Աˣ¾ͷ, лϴͷ
֪Լͷմ˵бѪ㻪, ¾Ҳ᲻ýܡ
ȥ˧Ȼ£ɴʤ̣ĳôܲǣ׽ԥҲȥһ, ϧϧ, 
¾ڿ, ȻƵĵ˸˵, Ҳˡ
һ̧ľܣΣ
¾ڣһ, ž񻹺, ǰμҪЩͷȥ˧, Ҳʰ, һȥ̽, ܹµ߶ҲܷһЩȻҪҡ
Ҳ÷ͬи, Ӫ˶ӵ, ֮Ҫ, ɲ˿˱Ӫʡ
ֻǵĳ¾ܲܳŵס, ŻԹһء
¾Цϵ, ڸûһ
ˮˡ
ֻû¾ڸոǾ䣬ȥ˧
ܼ棬͹ȥ·ϣ㱨誵ˡ
ţѾ˵ˡ
ԣԼûðȻϹദʵ֪ˣȴȻѡһڳҲȥ¡ɼǰ課ûջ㷼ģһ̶̼ܳı֣Ƕû١
ɵĴڴӣֱַȥѺԥȵӪʿ˿
ϴμԥѮʱԥֵҪ˲²ԥȻݵֻʣԭһ룡
ò˵ԥֹĶˡ
ãҺˣҲžΪǳ¡
ʵ֤ԥȻˣﻹûжٶֶ͢û˵ȫͱɰſһ첼
ԥİѸ˵ĳ滰˵ˣȥȡ
Ͻ϶ųصͬǽȻɼ󽫾İǡ
ԥԹȣһƬ䡣
޴ˡ
ոѾ˽˰׺һսȥ
ԭ׽¾ڣвȳ͢˱
¾ǻͶͷ
ԸʾԶԵˣ빫ԽˣԽԼ䵽ǰ㾳ء
빫ǹʽϱӣ϶֪࣬ˣֻ˵Ѿǡһڰ׺룬ǳ¾ˣײȥ
¾ڵܶıʹȴǶݵ۰ͷ
ʱΪ֪飬ȷʵֻΪ¾ڵӢᡣ
񣬻֪ˣΪʱӪȥĳ¾ңΪϱǸǿȥĳ¾ۡ
ıԥıҲãıҲգ㶼ǰѵ
ƽѣȥĽʿҳлȥ߹رȴΪǵҰԼ˵¡
ȣʹ֮ǰԺգӽʮꡢꡢǧꡢ꣬㶼䲻ϡ֡
ԴӻһֱĹȣ̧Ǹеĳ
ȴûٿתȥ
£ȻԳЦЦЦţ˿ޡ
.
ڸչ£¾ڳ׵׵ϴһͷҲˢøɸɾ
ôذǵʡ
¾ڣҿһԣ
ȻĻװģЩǹ˶ģҪǲۣǻɡ
ۡ
¾ڣֶİҡ
󣺡
ίί¡
¾ڲ࿿αĿ⽥䡣
ȫ֣ڲܶʲôûкͬ۵˰ٵ꺮ůҲΡ
ˡ
𸻹¾ڼʱ
վ˺һŽ
ΪԼѾܹ侲Գ¾ˣɵ߽ʣϵĳ¾ڣͷ·𿴵ϱǸڰ׺ԡѪɱĳ¾ڣǸþҲ޷ɱκһѾбʱɻصҲϻűĳɡ
¾ڸҪô浢ôãҲû븻ʲôȴվſڵĳȻ¡
ϷӣȻһβ׹˳¾ؿڡ
Ϊһˣ¾ڲŷһ㶼ϡ
ư۵ӡû䳰ȷҲٿˡ
ôˣʲôˣ
ҵһ͵޵ˣ¾ڽﱧţεʡ
ŻϵĸɾӣܿͱʪһƬһֱӵ¾ؿڡ
ܵøһɣ˵Ѿ׽㡣
¾ڣⲻûץǼ̫̫ϿأŮܹΡ

֣жص¾бһ仰ƹ
Ū̫̫οԼ
Ҳȷʵ˺ܶࡣ
̧ͷȦģ¾ڵؿҲʪĴȦ
¾ڵͷһ߶һԹ㻹ͦޣ߿ʪ˾ͻһߡ
ЦĴȦҲﲻסЦ˳
ĵƵˣȻǸʺЦ
¾ǰһ뱧סһڡ
ʱֵ̧м䣬ƫͷӪʣʱԻѣŪʪҵġ
Ҫһʪܵۿ϶ҲŪʪ½
¾ڣ
Ҳֻ̫ݹٷŻ𣬲յƣ
΢֪ˣƢʱɲ١
¾ֽ⿪ۣҲӡСȦѡ
ôߣ˺۵š
¾ڼЩ˿ڿֿޣҪȥʻѡ
ͻȻס֣ȳ¾վס˿޻ǡ
¾ڣ
һ˰̵ʱ򣬾ƳֲˣȻû˵ֳˣ֤еسǰ
ߣʱɫ϶ԣֻȥ档
¾ڴʱҲܸȥȥ˻Ͻͣ
Ϸһ裬¾ڹཹ˰侲Ƭ̣ڿԽȥˡ
ϡ
¾ڿ˿ȣӼ򵥵Ĵ¼ȡ£һߴһ˿ڰ˼
һΣɫͺÿһ㣬߹ӡ
¾ڿȻȦҲǹģ͸Ҫˮһ̲ס
졣
¾ڣھãȥɡ
Ƴһۣߵö
¾ڣ߾С
ͷȥ󣬽ܼų¾ڡ
ܼûүϵˣΪȷʵأһ˫ֱȵס˳¾ڰ߼
¾ھôƵŻ誵Ӫ⡣
ڴţμʧѪɫȸոջʱѿˡ
˵̽ˣ誵һЦгϽȥ롣
ʡ
課԰׵ɫϾױãﵱȻܡ
һ˿ΪǵϱӱǰûѾˣҲûȥֻǵù¾ߵģ㿪ʼӳΪТⳡսҲ¼ҵļɻ䣬û˻ἰ
磬Σ
Ϊ課¶űӣ˵
ĿеãȻףĲ˵жأȦҲΪ޳ġ
ЦЦãûˣΣ
¾ڡ
¾ҲЦҲɡ
˵ţߴͦεӰͻȻ¡
æסŵغܼ³¾ٻһΣ⿿϶֧Ųˡ
ܼ誵ĳһ˽
ܼʱӹ¾ڵǳʶȤȥ
Ѿûˣ誵簲ˣȥ̽硣
誣á
ܼһһҵػų¾ˡ
ٽ誣誽ϵıƿ¶ܸص硣
漴ⳤ溧Ȼ֣ӵ˿ھȻˣ˺ôһѪ


122 
͢ɽ˼ա
ڼ, 콫ʿɽһĹӡ
ɽһ۵Ľʿǣ˼ٵһЩܹ˻ؾǽ˰ᣬʿֻһ伮СľƵų͢˸, Ȼǧǧͬһ⴦λڻɽҰļªޱȵĹ, һĹ
ʽգĸ󡢵ܵܣɵȽǰȥ񡢷㡣
ɽذ׵ȹڡ
ֱ紵÷ʵûʲôо, ֻĿⱯؿǰĹ, Ĺ
޶ӱ߹, Ǵˡ
ϱ, ¾ڳ󣬻Ҳμ, ֹһ
˵, ʱֻ¾ڵֲ, ֮䲢ûʲôޣķദ, 䳰ȷ, ҲйЦܹĴܣҲȫ̼尾, ҲйϷϷ̵ʱ̡
¾ںúõվԱ, ҹ, ĹЩж, ǵĸĸӸǺεȵѹ
Ϲ, صӪеĻȦ죬ձ
¾ɢĽ߹Աߣ
Ҳټĳأʣƽѣһ˶٣
¾ڴһǧһʮˡ
סĲӣͷ
ûЩˣ¾ȴǲһ࣬սϲս
¾ڲ˸еУЦЦıˣˣϽʰ׵Ҫˡ
Լǧʿʮ򼸰յİȣֵ
.
͢ںϵԥط뾩ǧ֮ң
˵¾ڸȥ¼ҵլҪöࡣ
ֻ·ԶҪؾġ
뾩ʱգؾȴݺҹӪʵȻзѰ϶һ̿Եûʲôá
˵Ҳ֣ơҹǵıӻ绪ůͣѾߺúõģȴȾ˷纮ҪԣӪҲҪһ
ҹ֮󣬳¾˹
ΪӪϨ˵ơ
Ȱ㲻Ҫڲ˰ɣ
һ¾Ķͷ
Һλ̫ҽţһգͷڲˡ
صΪ˵Щڿˡ
¾ڣҹΪ˸ޡ
ϱ۵ڲ࣬ͽôΣѾ֪ϵƤڽʵϱڲ⻹Щ
ʵҲ࣬ǵط֣¾ڷҪ̡
첲ⱻ¾˿ůҲ޵һ֣˵ˣ
˵ʲôſʱͿʼˡ
¾ڣУھͰϡ
˵ţһᣬ
һʱƿҲ׵ȥҲ¹˲㡣
¾ڽ̻ȺյУ벡ңҴ綼Ӯ
ܻĲĲ˼ˣ¾ҲûаӰӡ
ֻһҹ¾ȻԻΪůѡ
±Ƽȷʵϲ¾ڵ֡ޡһɣ¶ȸոպõġů¯Ӫ⺮ѩХŰҲ䡣
峿ͣˣѩ£һƬװع
¾ˣȥɵ˧˻ֱߡ
ŶϣóΪͷ
Ƽ¾ڷҡͷѩѩжˡ
¾ڽӹļëӣһɨͷѩһ߿Ż˧˵ˣפڴˣѩͣٶ
ͷ
Ȼˣ´ӻ﷿Ǳ߻ˣһʳУΪڶӣд׽պϡ
ںã˾ˡ
¾õǴ룬õС룬ţһͦν˶һϸ磬ǶԶ롣
¾ۻһ뵽ȵ۾͵𣿡
ҡҡͷ
¾ڣǣҪҪȥŪģ㲹ӣ
һۡ
¾ڣǿһǼ̫̫Т͵ȵˣǰαؾ񷨡ǰ˵ģ̫̫ԸΪЩضӣȵô㣬ֻһϣԶȣָ֮ǰԲģ

¾ڣĪһΪ˳Ц㣿
ûгϣҲûзϡ
¾ڱֶ췢ģΪ㣬үⱲӡ±ӶߵĹ
ЦˣһҧһСڣǵ빫ǺóգԻضûֺ̫αطҪΪ˹ء;ܳԣֻҪǰбײֻ֪
¾ڿҿԼԣһ׮Լ
ĻҲ
һۣŽëģҼȻ㣬˵ġ
¾һҲǷҪɣֻǵʱر֪ԸԸΪƻ
ð״Ľ֮ǰӦľˣ˾ظʣҲο
¾ڣҾȵ۲٣ǸҲˣȻǼ̫̫֪ʵʵȵ۷ɥȴϹԹԵТ˳˼ң̫̫һԺʲô£ΰô죿
һֻװֵĽӣݵǰ
¾ʶȤſ죬һĳԽӣ˵
ȺĽӣȫҲȺģȥߡ
¾ڿɲΪ˾͵һɴŵ˼ңοѩƮƮģûз磬ʺϷ纮Ľȥ͸͸
ȻҪţһ˫׵ĺƤѥϵļаҲǰɫģñһվԶѩ˿϶ֲ
¾һֳɡһߵ̧ûš
ѩأ;ĽʿǿûгүˣڸԵӪʮʿһű˴˵ĽҲѩ
¾ڴŻ߳˾Ӫ
һƬããӪӪʶѩڸǣֻһЩֵڵʿɢУʱضš
ȥģ뿪Ӫһξ󣬻̫ĵʡ
¾ڣǱпû
˳ȥһƬããϳһͺͺ֦ѾѩʲôƷ֡
һһӡų¾ڹȥˡ
ýˣ¾ڴŻתһȦнӡͰȦˡ
ȻЩ᲻ȥƻԲȦ档
¾ҪҪѸѩˣ
ëøԼѰɣҿš
¾һ꣬㻹ݵѩСѩǴҲûôϲ
۾ϲ
¾ڿů͵ĺë֣ԼȥѩˣȦߵСѩˣǣ֡
СѩһһԴԲ򣬷ֱ治Ů
ʣСʱ򣬸ǣ㣿
¾ڣ
㽫Ǹѩ˸ˣ
ƿ϶ǲƵģ¾ڴѩҵһϸϸֱ֦ѩԲĶд¡򡱡ޡ
ҿûô󡣡
¾ڶѩǰϹ˵ʲô㹫š

Ҳѩˣһֱźë֣һִӵץһѩ׼¾תƤ˹ȥ


123 
Ѯ, ڿؾ
ܺãձϴٵٹ, Եӭ
¾ߣĳǰ
ͣ, ߵǰ˳³
ٵ۵ĿͶ˹һϮɫطδʩ֬۵ӱ뾩ʱ˼֣뵽սϵļ, ٵ۲ɵһۡٴЩ, , Ͳý˿ˡ
첽˹ȥ
ȵ۵ĶŮ, ΪݲͬɥʱҲͬ
Ʃ绪, Ѿ޵Ů, ҪΪʷɥһꡣ
ٵΪ, ÷ɥ꣬һ֮, ĻķϹ, µΪȵ۷ɥմ£ضʮվ͹ˡ
ѳٵ, մһɫ, , ޳, Ҫ뻪ƽ
ڵܵϿ˸ĸӰ, ģûԼҵܸܵġ
ܵܳˣÿ
ԱûԶܵܵļ򣬼ο͡
ܵϱûЩͿ£ʱ黹ֻֽԼĵܵܺȱ㣡
ˡٵϸϸƬ̣ȫڹĵصշ¶ޣҲЩ

ЦݣʾܵȥοɵȽ졣
ٵΪοڽʿ׼뿪㣬Ĵݵɡ
ˣԳ͢ȸΪ׵İٹٷǰ
񡱣Ŀ˹͢ϡ
ĳ٣ݱ紫ؾˣ͢Ȼ֪ԥȷѾ־ܣԼҲ˼սûʲôɵǵģºͣһѳظҲȻľ
ս˳˧ñԶսʿͬû
͢΢΢޵
ЦˣҲûʲôȫǽʿǵĹ͡
ֳϣԶϱݳƺ͢
˵꣬ٹһͬߵܵ󣬿ŵܵÿ˵νʮ
»صϣŽгóﱸŵС󾵣һ߶ԾͣһüͷߵѾߣ˵ҵˣǸ˵ʵǲģ
ơ£
ôô˵أ
Īֻ̫㣬˵˲ԱݹģŽʾ֭ģ룬žӪţûмⴵ磬ôܻ
ǰγһ֬һβţԼǰ˿ǵ֦ˮء
Ųš
ЦС˵Ĳã
˹ȥҲ㽫ӷˡ
ڳ⣬ڽǸٵ۽硢͡
ȥǬ幬ĸ
̫ѾȴʱĸŮñط꣬ⲻҪ̸һ
ûиĸ˵Լһ·ļ벻㣬ֻ˵ս£ɽʿ
̫̾ϢԥȷǰؼҳʿֺαͬҲٸꡣ
ϱӺԱϵ³΢
̫󣺡ˣ
˼һ·Ѿȫˣĸ󲻱ع
̫ʧЦǿúܿ
¾Щʱ򣬺˺ߡ
¾ڸǼ죬ҲվģҪȥֺöζǳ¾װģˡ
ĸ󣬹Σ
ͦõģг¸֣һɣǰҲ˼͹ܵѡˡԪvҪˡ
ÿʵλֻһţʱվͻµΪԪvۡ
룬ϱӵܵõҲһԪvЩ鷢
.
һֱǰ칦Ԫv۲Ŵų¾ڡһǬ幬̫밲
ΪԪvۻС̫һֱԪvסǬ幬ֱԪvʮ
¾̫Ůֶ̫ӣָʹһ˲ţҶڴ˴ƽѵĹս
̫ܸˣֱ˼䡣
ȻغһŮŮԻսɳ˿϶ܵǣȻس¸ŮТٻسɥ
¾æΪȵ۷ɥҪﲻҲûϵ
ֱӦĸܵ˵䣬ʹų¾ڳˡ
¾
ɥ²ضǣТڵһЩ񷨻ҪصģƩոյ칦ϣ¾ھûƳ⡣
ϸʲôͣ
ȵţʳ¾ڡ
¾ڣҪôҪôᱻȵƸΪָʹѾˣϱǧ
ȫ࣬ȻТϡ
¾ڣҵָʹǿӵģǲҲТһݣ
аТһǧТһǧʣµԼš
¾ڣ˵Ǯͻ仵ô࣬ҶԲ㣿
ֻҪ㲻°ӣ
¾üٰӾˣһΪҡ
ʲôͷҪԲҵĳ̶ȡ
¾ڽһڣⱲԲ£ӦþǸճǻĲˡ
ƳһۣŶʮ꣬ھ˵ⱲҲδ̫硣
¾ڣУϰʮʡ
ÿɷӲ˲ϱ׹ĵط
Ų꣬¾һ¡
ȻܵܵĻƵĵ㻹ǲҵ紵ڲ٣Ҳϲס
¾㶣װ۵ôһ㱡ָˣ
˵
¾ֻϹĽвڣЩʿ񲻶Ƥ
£ͶԵ
¾ڣ
ȥ͵֬ùˣģҲ֪ûиԤ
˳¼ңϳĳִ͢һСӭĶϱ
˴кԳ¾ڵ㸸ĸףȥá
¾˵̫̫ɥоһ͵ˣڳ¼ǰҪʱصķɥ񷨡
¾ڵͷãˡ
͢²ڡТڹѾˣʱ¾ڵģϡ
Сӵ֣ͲҪڰǵСӵۿĸûˡ
¾ڣû£ʲôޡ
һĨ۾һ߽Ʊ磺ȥһһӸ׬һǧӻ̫ˣ
¾ڣ׸ˣһûТǳҪҾТġ
һƨϣ
¾ڳûТԱߡ
˼ӶЦѼô˾Ȼᱻĸᡣ
Ц£͢ڵˣƽͺãڵţǸϽȥɡ
ЩᣬȴҲû˵ʲôТڣû˵Ů²۵ġ
¾ڵͷ֮ǰζƳλֳ
׸磬˭˼
ȳ¾ڽ˻Ժͼϻӡ
¾ڽӹŵϡ
ʲôʡ
¾ڣǷҵ
δϻӡ
²͵һ飬Т͵˪
¾ںˣԼŮƵֶȻҲѧ
һõȴȫͬĴС
ЦЦˣŻͬһ棬㣬ͳƤɡ
¾ڣ


124 
Ȼصĳ, һ׼ȫ
ʵûиоԼˣֻ⼸Уÿԡǲݲ, ΨֵоͻȻϮѶһظȿڲĸĴѾȥԡ, ڳ¾ڣǱȥƵһƤɾٹ
Ƶ¾վԡͰ飬϶, ٿԡͰš
æǰæչš
Űӻ£רʢ·¨, һת, ͻȻӵԴȥ
󣺡
, ץӵļ᣺үôˣ
¾ڸܵ, ˮ, ԵؿŸ
ǰ׵ģ, û£һΪιȥˡ
¾ڣúõΪλιȥ
󣺡Ϊˮꣿ
¾ڣ̫ûˣҲ
󣺡
¾, ȥˮš
ı鼸仯, ռȥʰȻȥҳˣҲ, ú̹һء
¾Ǵ, »͵֬ϸϸͿһ, ˭ط紵, , һֱѻţ¾ԾûȻĲڶ٣ֻĵƵĽһʯͷǿ׳Ӳ
¾ΪԼѾˣֱܷơݡ
ƣڷۣȵȵȡ
¾ڣۣ
Цǽϵȵ뵰ϵһĤƵľȵͿϣһˮϴɾ
¾ڣ
Ȼͷһ˵黹ôʹá
ѵãͿĨȫ÷һҪĥٿ飿
ѹ䶼˵ǽ֦Ҷ˼ȷʵýˣ
ƳүԱǰڵ٩ҪȥŪҲã
¾һ
ƻΪү治ˣæǣȥź
Ѿ߶ˣ¾ʶ°͡
ˣ֬Ҳͦõģò˼ֽܰϴ
ңڴԡǱ߳ˣһ׷ذȹһͷðɵںڳɢ
ĸѾߵĴӵ£ĿбӵشݶһûǱߵֻһŵ㡣
¾ĬĬض룬ڡ
꣬ĸѾźó½˳
¾ŽȥڴμٴůϣΪѾ磬齶࣬ůڵ͸ͷȹһ侲ʢİװĵ
¾ѥӣԱߡ
һִڴ̨ϳ°ͣһַ飬Ľë봹û߿
¾ڲ⣬ԡȾ֬ɫգٿľӣͻȻյڣ˿
Ƴһۣҿ㲻õģġ
¾ڣʵţϲĵ
ûأͷϹһ飬ŵһˬϢ
¾ڴ˵һο۽۷Ȼ֮ǰˡ
ʣЩҲȥһ飿
¾ڣңҷкã
򴽣۾ΪƵġ
¾΢˿
ŵϣʣոôûĸǴ
Լȥ֮ǰүҲٲμʲôӦ룬سլꡣ
¾ڣʲôôģ֪ƽˣҾһֱǱߣҲܶ꺮ůҲһֱҡ
Цսû㣿
¾һм˭ϡ
ڳſڵʱ򣬸׿ǰһٺÿء
¾ЦЦصĴűֵܵĴҪ࣬ϱ׹Ůˡ
⻰׷Щ治ģ¾ڻǰûҲѲƽϡ
ɹͷȥϡ
ߵĴѾҲҪţ¾ֻΪ
һۣˡ
¾ڰҳϸϸϴһ飬ˮŽȥٸϸӡ
Ѿǿ϶Ҫź򣬳¾룬ص˴¡
.
ͷɹɺ󣬻ȥЪΡ
ļªľ崲мմ˯ˣΪһ·ҡҡλεߵģ˯УһµĴҲڻεĴ
ڣⶼ˯һ
ʱȻǺڵġ
Ŷ˶һֻ޳ֱͻȻӱ˹ס
һ˲ãȻ
ϱӳ¾ܶΣеλܣеξڣʱô顣
ѾԸˣϧվǼٵģѺȻֻһˣֻĳҹ
ϳ¾ڵЩڣȴȵġ
ֳ˳Ķ䣬ûоƵ׹޼ָĶ⡣
¾˿ɿ촽εѾһˣȥԷ
Цˣĳ¾ڿɴδǹԷ
Ĳӣ˻
һսϻĵһ죬Դģֻ£һ顣
¾ڷԥЩѾǣ϶ź÷
㡣
¾ڣ

¾ڰѹߵû취Ҿϲߺߡ
ʹƿ
ʲô˰˿ʱۣܿڵʱֽ˺޲Զ졣
Ϊ¾ڲֻȥ÷
Ƶ֪·;࣬Թһ˯ں⣬Ƶĵƣͷͷȥ
ùϴϣĸѾߵȵҲˣҹȥ˯ɡ
ĸѾ߹¡
Ҳ⣬ǰ빫ҹʲôæ϶ҪźҹǳбҪ
ȵۼݱδһ꣬ʵʵģȻֻ˯ͨһ峿žǡ
ֻǶ͹үĵҲ͹Լҹүġƫ衱
һѾ˰үȻСѾƵϴĴͷ㣬ǰһصģɾϴǴͷʱϴǰúõģ̫ϴɾ¹ˮټһ飬ͼиطȻ̵һϸϸˮߡ
¾ڣ
ͷǽһݰξͷˣ
սˣǹͷʱ©첻㣿
֮ܶǳļƻǳˡ
¾ڻؽػش£֣رѡ
Ҫ˯ˣȻ̾˿
ôˣ
¾ڣΣˡ
ԺͻȻѹŵʣˣ
¾˼Ϊȵ۷ɥʱֳԼﲻ˵϶ҲҪĴһ١
͵ʱûƣϴʱСĴˡ
ѯʣȷǶǱĴִƵģŶ˷ҩͷ
»£նҪ֮ǰ붼Ҫ롣
¾ڣ
˼ǶˣǰҲԸأ
֪ˣո̾ʲôİƵӵͷһµĲͳˣ
үرڣ


125 
ҹ, δ¾ڻǰ
˴ƽ, սҲʧһǧֵ, ڸ۹ˣ¾ҪȷÿʿۻŵĻ˵ģõӦõһݡ
븻һһƥ˳Ǳſٶȼ۶ȥ
, ǰ·ͻȻһյ, ɢŻƵĹΡ
⺮ɪ峿, ȻǻɽҰ, ΧҲȫǹͺͺأնڱﺨ˯, ͻȻ·϶һյ, ôôˡ
ļƤһ, ʶסٶȣүǰǹ
¾û, , ǵʱϳˣʲô˲˹, ״磡
Ķ, , ʲôʱģ
²һƤ
Ĺ, ȥ, ƽʱٴ֪Ҫˣĸ͵Ƥ˳
ˣ²ڻվıֱ࣬ǰܹµģŽгơ
ֵͷһߵ·ߣ˵
¾ڣôˣ
²ڣոڸ轫轫ᵽǴڰ׺Լǰ˿֮ͨ¡ؼң˾Ҳ㣬ڴ˵㣬˶Ŀ
¾ڣֲԭһ˵㿴Ժڳǣϸðɽˡ
ͷڳݣһȴøеЩգĻãרʹһЩֶΡ
²ڣٳЩòŵģϽ˵¡
¾ڣֻ˵һ飬žţҲ͡
²ڣ֪һΪλɳ֮͢ǰͨУ
¾ڣĸξʾҵģɣʵ֤˼أ
²ڣ㡣
¾ڣҺѾشˣһ
²ҡҡͷε轫ɽǰǱѾٳԸףô
¾ڣѾץּв͢˱ǰӦֻѾ֮Ҫҵ
²üô˽𣿡
¾ڣ誰ɣȥʾΪǽǰǰû֮ңͲˡ
²ڣȻխΪС͢Աѣ
֮⣬õܵܵɹǣǿ
¾ֻ˵ܰѻǣ㲻Ҳû취֮һ誣ҲȰǷȻƽѵҾˣͷΪ̫ᶨƵվߣΪƾһͿϴ轫ͨݺǰɡ
²ڣ㲻õģû֤ײҷǰǣ轫
¾ڣҲûʲô˵ˣϽȥɣҲü·
²ץסֱۣܵܵؿڼģûˣ
ܵܳ⣬ĸҹģʱڸ˵ȫ޹ص£ͻȻԼͺȦ
ײֳ²֪׿϶Ҳǣŵܵܡ
¾ԭز²ĵµʱͻȻ˿ﵶ˻ûȫϡ
²æ֡
¾ڣĸײ̫ģңТӻҾˣĻó֪
²ڣ
¾ڷЦߵԼǰϣվ·ߵֳȥɣûٳǣ
԰գȥϽ׷ϡ
ҹɫܿûӰ
²ԽԽԶҡҡͷҲ
հ͢Ȼ͸˲Ŵڸ
²ȸùˣ
ȥ鷿
²ڽܵܵĲ²ת˸ס
͢ӣʳӣô
²ڵĵܸȻǣǿǰȷʵɣпܣͨвΪĵܵ˽Թͼĸĸˣ誱Ա֧֡
͢⡣
һж誸ΪҲ̫ݣֻԱָʹЩԱˣ֤ݲ誣̫ںεأ̫Сܶ鶼̫̫˸ңĸμ
̫͢Ĺʣ֤ȷ䣬ֶ̫Ҳܴס
»ͻڣĽͲβµͨеģ˭ɹζӡݺ誡
²ںȻףǸңΣҺĵȻ׺һۡ
͢ɫһ
ûзֻǧ˴׺Ƣ־ܣ
ǰ¾ͽˣмҪҪݾߡ
̫͢æˣֻܰѴ½Ѿиµĳӡ
²֣Ӧ¡
.
ҪˣСԱݼ֮ǰ͢еظϰ췴
ıԥѾȵȶնȫΪ񣬳˱㹻ǰһأ˽ȫ乫
ͬʱԪvҲֱȥһţ˵۸ٵίʵڷǶһǾӣڷؼĪҪϰĺ󳾡
Ȼڳɥа취ͷβϢݸ
⣬Ĺĸִ󳤹Ҳع
ԥһ£ϿǳʵˣԺ϶㡣
ůִ󳤹̾˿
ֶŮԥϿҲֶֶŮȻȵ۲һģЩֶֶŮǵѪԵҲһ㣬ɵ׶ۿųĺǣͻȻֳһһҲִ󳤹Ҳֲζ
ϱӵʱ򣬻ϿǱ߲ȤʱʣڹΣ
ִ󳤹һڼɥأƣûǨŭøĳⶼˣҲûʲôӰ졣
ͷԥ˴£Ͽû췴ĵӣֻҪɵ籨Ȼʳǵعȥ
㻪緹ִ󳤹ˡ
¾ŴƵ
վǳϦǸų¼һֻҲܷţԵ塣
¾ڣţǿ԰͵͵ȥϻֵͦġɥֻ£ˡ
ܵ£
¾ڿȹӣʣӻ𣿡
£۲ڣʲô᲻
¾ڽҵĴϣñӣš
ʣ͵͵ؼһˣģôĸס
¾ڣͷӣԶӶϱŮҲܴһˣȱһ˵ˣס궼ûŻؾѵ㻹
Ϊ̫ԶϼҲھǣҾ㲻عҲԼסһ󡣡
¾ڵҺԶû취ֻ쿴ңſŲϲˡ
أҲŲϲġ
¾Ц
ɵˣϲ㻹ˡ
¾ƿɽﱧ
Ҷ
¾֪Ūȹ봲죬ֻһƱĶͷҾϲ㲻ϲҵӣ㲻ϲǼĴ멲ңֻΪ˺̸Ϊûаϵҹϲ˯ҲֻΪҵӡ

ôԽ˵Խأ


126 
һ, ¾ڲųԹӣ㡢źǹˡ
ɥڼ仪߲Ӧڼ룬˵Űݷ, СһǿԵģִ󳤹þͺڿ, ¼ǳӵݣûкʵɣִ󳤹ǰɵ
ů˴Ŵɡɡɡվһţꡣ
֪ǻ, ׼˷
ٴͷл, ʮС, Ѿͤͤ, г²ϵݡ
ɡɶ, ǰ߶غʵ, ߴϻȴ
, ԲģбСӵ, С, ۵ģһʲô
ȥϲˡ
Խ˼ҵĺûʲôİ, ϲֲֶʧõĺӡ
վһԺ, Ҳóݷ, ǳ͢ϷӡĶϱѹǮ
Цɩڶǰתл⡣
Ů˵, ¾ֻһ, ١
ǻע⵽кƵƵ¾ڿȥǱ˺ܶ໰ͽг¾ڴȥ԰䡣
¾ǰĵƳһۡ
ȻһߣӶ˸߲ҵظ˹ȥ
ЦŶԻ͵ʱǾţ˺ö໰ء
ĵؿŻˣסһʱ䣬Ҹĸ´徲ûдӦ
ʵǵĻһ˷ɥˣ֪ûģ˹㻪ơ¾ҲֻݼٻڳߣԪھҪȥˡ
ʵһ˴ҲûϵĸɩҲһֱ˹ңǰ᲻üûпڡ
æõõģͲùأǵȹʮ壬Ҿͽ
ࣺҲһɣǽи顣
ǵʥϵ׽㣬˭ҵŮܹڻסһʱ䣬Ȼմĺ¡ֻϲˣԼŮֻǳڿѾܶˣ廹޷չԼƢģǸҡ
ԣϧصˣ̫СҪ޵ģЩմմ⡣
ȷʵһ˵䡣
⻹ãӼ¾뺢ǻûҲ˻԰
ƹһƬ¾һųɹ̫ӻվĽΧм䡣
ӦֶֶŮǵҪ󣬳¾ڽսϵӢ¼
Ȼս˵ĴⶼϹ·ţһƫƫǾͰЩ
ЦֲúǶϲ壬үүɲô庢ӿģǼү춼Цǲûġ
룬²ģȴǽЩŵģĸϲ˵Щ
¾Ƽˣ£㰤ֶǵԴˣǸûȥˣ
죺ǹ꣬㶼÷
¾ڣ֪죬ؼҪȥ
Ȼһ緹ֻʱԣڷɥǻɩɩҲӦ
㡢ȷʵߵġ
޽͵ſڡ
ʱ¾ڸԹǸֶֶŮҳȥǣôң
ʲô
¾ڣʱǳ˵ģŽɤӶð̡
궼ôǺ庢ӲӦõģ
¾ڣ
ʼˣЩ˶ѹǮȥ糬ֳ͵ļֵ
Сʱأ㲻·ʱµʱ򣬴ǲҲӦ
¾ڣҲ˵Сʱˣ˭ǵãҼ𣬶ǱҶ֡
ٵ˱˻ԡ
˵׸ˣһ²ڻТ궼׸磬㡣
ûУһܵܣһͱ¨ӽͷ۵Ļʵ۵ܵܣ
.
ʮ壬²ڡһ˹˵˺ܶ߶ŵĿ
ǣˣзֻܷģŮ׼ˣ֤ᵢ˵ĹΡ
˸ŮŮ죬ִ󳤹ˡ
һ÷
ִ󳤹ٿˣЦ˱Сʮ̱꣬Сʮ꣬ڿദӣҾͺ񿴵Ҷʮϡ̵ʱ򣬶񰡡
㶣ѵͶԵԵʣ
ˣƤʣ󳤹ʮʱʲôģ
ִ󳤹Ƭ̣ûôԣĸ԰ĵƵģñǿ׶űˡ

ĵбǿ𣿹ĸʲô
ִ󳤹뿪ů˵СʱнõĽ𣿡
С˳ͷźصûУعǽţлͶĹһ棬ˣꡣ
ŮһЩλĽõĹƫƫֻϿŮϿȷʵһֱñǿ׿ȥġ
˺ȻЩΪλǰɼˣ˵ʵǹ¼ҹˣСڸ߸ߵĹǽﳤֱȹ¼ҹǿأ
ҹĻ٣¾ڻظʱ˯ˡ
дһţƵСת塣
¾ϡȡֽͼֶŮдţ壬˵СʱûʲôѣҪһ㡣
¾ЦЦ
ϴ裬ȥܷһ
ϵİһ࣬һ߳Էһ߸ģᵽֶŮš
ֻúЦǲǾͦģ
¾ڣѵ㲻
ư°ͣʲôãҸϲЩŹ㶼СطҡңҲô˵£׽ˡ
¾ڣ
ŮŮȻˣʼո߸ϣ뷲ƽƽ
ȻŮŮҲûˡ
.
£ģӭ÷Ҳεʢˡ
ÿնϲСﹲĴ⣬ĵײĶԸʼݱıˣҲˮĸڲ
ֻǲŽ£һλлʮĿˡ
ڻ԰ˮдӷˣҲ誵ӣıɩϡ
ΪѻԴ𣬻ϧǰţȥ⡣
֮ҲһĵЩίʵûϵϻ̽
ϱƴˮ鿣û˵Ⱥۿ
ߵĴѾʹ˸ɫ
Ƶº󣬻ָԱߵΣɩɡ
ҡҡͷȻȥ
һȥһһ߿ڵҪӺˣʵ£߶ųֻǵһҴӾ˳ΪıɩŹңҪӶϾϵ˼ȥǾӦù˵һҲ֪ôһݺ⡣
룿
úõģΪҪ룿Ǳʲô𣿡
Цˣȴ䣬ˮⱻ紵ˮ棬ƽصûжԲңֻǲϲңЦҼ޸ô꣬ͬĴָٵÿļΣҲֻΪǴߴôߵļˡ
һֱףҾﲻã˴ҡǷҾˣٹ롣
һΪһôһ̶ˮظȥû뵽ȻͨǶá
ĸȰҿ˵ҵ£˼ôӣ岻еԵʡ
ǰ˵ⷬΪԴףΪҪҽʲôֻ֪ҵίӼȲҳ谮ֲһӦе棬ȻˣҺαݼң
˵꣬ϲᣬɫϵظһͷҼݼңմݼĸǵǷⱲӶмĶ£ֻҪҲ֪ô
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ɻ¾ڸҵͨҪ
ϵҽãҲԥ֧Ϻ롣
κλ誵ıãʱҪ˵ЩĿ׻Ϊһ㶼ںϵȥ
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ǽʲô
˳ǰ϶࿴ȻϲϣΪҪȢΪҪװ״ĥЩꣿ
ʲô粻ģ׸£Ҳƫֺ


127 
ȥѮһؾ, ʱƾòˣ̫ᵽ⣬誱һͨ
, ͨ½ϲ
̫ˡ˵ֻͨ, кˣⶼһϢ
Ψһεϣ誵ĸ׺˾ãһֱüѣϵڲͨ, Ѿչ, ҲʲôԹ, ¾㴫ȥ, Ҳָʲô
ݼҶû뵽ǣ˳, ͻȻҪ롣
ǵһͬ, 調ͷͬ, ңȻ󽻸ݼʽĺ顣
̫ˡ˶Ż», д顣
ݼ̫ҡʵ۵ľ˼, ԽˣݼԽر֣֦ڡ
ݼ߻ұ׹ϵ, û뵽ͻȻȥһ˳, ͱ˻Ǳߡ
֪, ζŲ̫Ҳ֪
, ϲŴӳ, õϢ̫æȥ̫
Ԫvۻ鷿飬̫Ǭ幬ůдĸס
Ƕ棬̸ֻ
ϲ£̫ҲֻԼĸ˵Ҫ̫˾誶һŻ£ġ
˴˶֪飬ʱ̫ҲֱӶŮ˵Ĳ²⣺ɵȻȢϣҿóһ㶼ϲϣϾϸ̱ȣȵءʱ䳤Լ£ɿºͺ˵ȴǸƢôϲҲûκͨףǷŲ̡
ȥԥ췴̸˺̸Ĵ£ӦҲǵɣ
̫ͷܲ˽ԼŮΪŮǰίԼ
̫ˣ£Ķɿ϶еѾļļһǳ׽룬Ȼͨ¡
̫ɫƽ˾ͺãȻֻԼʼգ̶֪˼
̫ˣǰɷִһϵûеġǰɣҺòˣϺúùǱȴΪͨУһܲˣҪź롣߻ڸûصأϾȻȥˣʲô£
Ϊ̣ѵɵ˼
ǵûУﶼ֪￴óҲܸ˵ЩƣϲصʱȰϧ壬ϰ˳ϣٷģȰɿڰɡ
̫󣺡ȻȥˣɣЩҲס
̫ˣⲻ˵ϣ۸ҡ
̫󣺡ֲ֪飬ֻ϶޳вȥŲݼͷϡ
̫ˣɵ׮ô죿ͨˣɣ̫£һӣȥ׮档
̫󣺡ɻᣬһ˲žûס࿴չ黹ǵһ۵ģӲܰӹá
ϴŮǱҪ޸誡
Ůģ̫ҲίֶһΡ
˵ǰȫûֶҲһʱ̫žһģǼĶ磬ֶҲһиû£ܵˣ
֪Ů̬ȣ̫Ҳͷĵسˣٹȥĳ
úõдĸ
£ȫվߣҲûɵΪϸĸԹ˼Ψһıӡ
̫˺ǲ̰ɩŸ룬ոǸ߿ģ
̸߿࣬ǸҽһԭίϣҲҪ
˵꣬ϵĻתһ飬ٱɻ󣺡ĸȻ˲ϲɩΪҪӦȢ
̫Ȼ˵ʵֻ̾˵ǿŤĹϲ𣬵ʱҸĸϣ߽ãӲǱȢģ뵽أװ׵˼ô꣬ҲЩ̣ΪԼ۹õģ˲֪
Ͳ˵ʲôˡ
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ȷʵùܣĸҲΪȥʲô
.
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¾ڿٳԹ˿ڣȥ԰һ
ĵ԰ߡ
ĵ԰мͻͤӣΪٳٲ뿪С̫ͤĽǶ˻ơ
ҹĻ֣ĹͤܵĵԣһϮȹĳ޹ǵſ˿ϣͤһغŵҦƱ˴˻͡
¾ڹ볯Ƶ˶Ծ˵Զ
¾ߣһַ˿Ŀ°ʹֱϣһʶתһĵȴЩƲ֡
ûɣ¾Ȼһôֻģ⸮Ψһ˵ֻ
ҡҡͷ޾ɵؿĵ
Ǳģ¾ںȻ֣ԼĻ
ԶˣֱӴһźѾȥ
ҹɫˮƹʣų¾ڽʵֱ̧ۣľӢ̽ۡ
Ž͵ұɩҪˡ
¾¶Ӧе󣺡ΪͻȻֵô
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¾ĬĬ꣬ȻԹż˶ǶãɩټһϲӣҲȢһϲĹΪβģɩô꣬类ίԼôꣿ
ҿ϶ͬϣ粻ϲϣԳ谮ͨСңϷǵ޷ŽįҪɥ֮ࡣ
ǰǺԼıģ˫ȫºţӲǡ
ɵ֪羹ȻһһͨУ磬ԺֻʣòȻ֡
ίôŮӣһ㣬ֻϵ꺮ůϱҲѻкš
ľӣԴһŮӡ
ûģͬʱͻȻ뵽¾ڡ
˵޳¾ڵʱĸԸģϱ¾ڣԶԣǲǸЩ
Ȼʱĳ¾ҲһëԶϹɿˣ˭ó¾Ҳأ
̲סѳ¾϶ԱȣԽͬϣԳ¾ھԽζ
ǹ¾ʲô͵ʲô޷ݸı硣
Ҹճʱǲ㿴ǲҲܣ
۳¾ڣʡ
¾ڣ
ǰڶˣ
룬̧°ͣ۾ʮص컹ã㲻ȷʵͦܵġ

Ҫȥ
¾ڽŲţһڣպؽ͵ǷɵˣǸʲôñȵġһûô˾ҪȻշתࡣڶҲûôĿֻҪһվҿˣʲôˣңҶϲֺ롣
ڹ⣬Ȼô˵궼ҲóѼأ᲻Ȣ
֪ϱڰ׺ʱûкһԵûһ͸ġ
¾ڣᣬֻ취ҼأĸԸظ

ȻûгϢӵĳ¾ȷʵˡ
ӲֻҪܽϣԸ⺰ڡ
̸ͤⷬĽǽ˯ǰ¾ڳšڡɵԸԳذԤˡ


128 
ԪvԪ³һ, ȵۼݱһļա
ڵɽ뾩Ǹ˾ʮأ¶ʮգ̫Ԫv۱쾩Լһڻ׹ݳ, ǰ׼ˡ
³һ磬ʽʼ
Ͽλ, վ̫Ԫv
ھǣ𸸻ʵʱѾᣬʱվڸʵĹǰ⣬ȻȻ
ɵѾȥһ, ıһʵƽϪˮ, ֻӲ, ûп޳
̫ԪvҲ, Ͽ޵Ϊģſڵ, ޵, ˷ˡ
ĿŮԶȥıӰ, Ԫv鸴ӵؿ۽㡣
ݸܵһ޿κε
ȻϿֿ̬ԵܵܵТĲ񣬿ûΪϿſϺ, 
ԪvҲô, ոҲȴϿǱߵĶһ
ƻ践޹С
̫Ե, , Ԫv۱ʾҪͽܷ
浽ܷ, ˹, ڴμǵ˵
ű, ˬˬģԪv۸㱧Թĵһ׮ϿĿ޷ҿǹģѿ
λһԪvۣѾϰԳƣҲǵ׽ǰŸĻ˾ɳơ
Цҵޣ밡Դԥ췴ι̫ķŶûˣȻ˳ھǵĵλȴԶǰ޲Ŷȸʻŵʱܲί
Ԫv۶Ͽûһͬ飺ԥǹ̫ݳģϿԥһĶֻù
룬̸֮ԥܣʡֹ̫Ρ
ǻʵۣ˸ָ𸸻ʵ裬ʱӻŮʲôָֻ
Ȼĸ󲻵ϻԶʤֹ̫ŮҲֹ̫Ķˡ
ȻûҪܵôϸ
Σһ֦һ߰һ߸ܵģһֱڸɥԱûʲôõǵģ㡣
һԪv˵ľ񶼱ˣؿԱߵĴ̨ϣĿʶر֦ǵϵ̫ˣÿ첻Ҫ𴲶飬Թ緹ȥ͢ʱ֮£Ȼȥʱ顣һʱϢʱ䣬顢䣬ĸš֪ģǰĸֻǼҹΣڻҪҷ
Ԫv̨ˣ̯ƽϣͰ͵Ȼ֦Ľ㣺㣬Һ۰
ɳ¾϶ۣɵܵܲʮ꣬ҲƫݵΣȻżɬǿҲͰˣ¶ƣһ棬ģһϧûУ
ʣÿնҪ𣿡
Ԫvۺ˺ߣͷ
ʱÿֻһʮ忪ᣬ¸ĸû˵ֵ¸ĸ۸٣Ҫ춼ϳ
ŵܵµĵڣЦųһ⣺ϳȷʵ࣬ҲնҪ࣬װԣ˵˵ﻰͬٳĴɸȥ˵ĸ¾ͳˡ
Ԫvۣһģƫң
֮ǰ㲻Ǹ˵ڶͶ𣿡
ԪvۣСǿͣٳִ£϶ҵġ
㲻֪ϡĸ޷ϣܳɳΪһҲڵһλֻҪ˵Լ࣬Ǿ᲻ö
ϱӣĸ󡢹ӣܴܵСϼӹ̣ܽʲôίҲ˵ֱĲˣЭĳֻÿ·ŵٿᡣ
ΪŸҰܵܳװ⣬ˣܴܵŻᱻЭжһ¡
Ԫvգգ۾аɣͷԡ
ٰѸհõȥǵ֦ܵɱ¶ڶ¶ڶҲ˵ңҲˡ
Ԫvæ֤ᡣ
ҲԼ֦ģϵĸĸ˲ٴ󳼣۾ٻǵطԱӲҲȥˣһˡ
л֦˼ʣЩ󳼶θʲô֮Ҳһζƫ̻ϣýҲϾڸ׸Ҳֻʱʱʾˡ
ԪvЩ⣺ȻΪҲ᷸
ЦˣϵȻҲ⣬ǰҪΪʦܲڳ¼˼ĶϱϷ˱Թġ
ԪvȤǶԹʲô
ԹľӦҲֵܣΪհᵽʱѾܶˣֻ꣬ϱѸ˼ϣ໨˼൱ڸֱӰˣɸڳסҲؼء
ԪvۣԺסˣ
ǰҲϲִɣ¼ҵС԰ȵϡ
Ԫvۣĸ᲻᲻ˣ
ĸ񷨣ϣԹڳ¼һТ˳Ķϱ
ЦѾ֪ôĸˡ
ԪvۣΣ
ָָ۾ϴĸһʼҲӦһޣͬˡ
Ԫvۣ
ȻҲĸһ
٩㣺
¶ᣬԼ޵ĸ飬ܵܽĵΪȶԽãŻͬ
Ԫv۲̫⣺ζˣǱ˼ɽ£ͬҲС
ЦǼ򵥵ɽǴκˮֻǲ߳ݣû˵ʲôԼߵҪɽˡҲһ꣬ҲиȵرŢУִġн³ӣҲԹڵƽϰҵš
Ԫv۳ĬƬ̣ңǿ϶ҲұһŮӣӡ
˶Դһǹиˡ
Ԫvۻ٣Щʣζˣ
˵²ЦʱɩסԺǰ棬ɩŮҹҽҾͶ˵ڲӣ㽫ҪŮҲֻһͬˡǻؾϿЦӣһնû߹ȥŮˡ
Ԫvڽǰʵģ
𿴽Ϊʵ̬һֱǸ߸ϵģҲûκԹԡ
ˣԪv׽ĸˣȣͺؿװɣ
Ԫv۽յ˳¸ϣϷ˱Թʲô
ǿɶˡϺųڵϸϣͦ죬Ѽ¶˸ϷˣϷĸӣһˣϷܲԹϣУһˣæȻ֪ϧ壬ϽҽϷ˹ɫһЩëƤȴշ¡Ϸ˶˵֪ʹ˻Ͳ̰ͼòŸɼ޹
Ԫv޷ͬ㣺ҿڸв֪״Ԫλ˳ŮӺ޲øȴ﷢ɧ
ǻϣȻ˳һһ泯͢Ч˼ӵģϣɷԼʲô㰡㣬ҵŰɣϱұԹһ졣
ԪvףŮ뷨Ĳˣ˵һȥ
ʱߵĴ̫ѵϣˣ볤һ죬Ϣɣ
Ԫvδؿ㣺ٹ϶ûյġ
źҪˣȥ¸̽ϷˣپϱТġ
Ԫv۲ˣĸҲûĸǰТˣԽĸȥǶסհɡ
ɱ𣬸ʱû˸ҲңڹסʷǵӾҪݵǰˡ
ԪvۣҲǣ
Цɽ㰡ҪҪѧϰô࣬㲻鷳
Ԫvһů


129 
¾֪Ҫڹסһ, Ҳ˳¸
Ȼˣһ¿϶Ҫȥøĸ밲
ϿĶӣ۾첱, ϸƣվԱߵĳ²ڡТڣ˭, Щ졣
¾ڣ
²ڴТЦʶǸϵˡ
ϺߵȻʶϽ򷢳ȥ
¾ڿ˿ȣϺαˣǰ㳤ɥ, ع, һֱû
ϣعӦõ, Ͳд͸Ŷ
, ȥȥ̲ǰ꣬ؾڼһ, Űû¶, иӸû, Ҫһ㶼ĳˣ
¾ڣһֱһТôõĶϱ, ТТ˳, ˵ǲǣ
ϣ
²ڿڵĵҲǹģͱƽˡ
Ϻ˺ߡ
ѵһž, Ͻг㿪, ɷһ÷
ҹĻ, ͢һ, ǼŮ, ԹޣֲǹڣαԳԾǡ
ƳվڲԶģЦүؼˣⲻȹ껹ϲ졣
¾ڣ
Тڰ⣺Ժÿĸдһţĸ׿϶Ͳˡ
͢ŷӾȻ㣬֧͢ģȢ˳͸ԳΪȡ
ɣҲˡ
¾ںܾûȾˣһһϯźƣһ㡣
Ա㣬͢Ͱ鷿ȥˡ
㻳誣簵ж꣬Ҳûʲô
º󣬳͢˵¡
¾ڣڸ׸ΪʲôСۼ
誶Ա˺ݣԼҲݵģ컪ҲΪгһտڻǰչһǻ飬ΪݺݺĶ֤ĺ·ˣȥ˯ǰϵͨѾߣĹӶԣβһ裿
Ȼƽ課ûгһùͨѾߡ
͢ţ֮¾ͽɣֻԼĲ£չ˺ó
۽У͢Ǹųӡ
¾ڿӶ·ʲôгͷӣ˵誾ǹϵһֻ飬ֻҪڳվȣٱQҲQ˶ߣҲ׶һ˳֣ȣԼ˵Ļᡣ
͢ɫһŶӵڹĨң
¾ڣ
Ҿڴȷⶫͳڹϡ
͢ȥ
¾ڻأ
ߵſڵʱ򣬳¾ͣͷӵ֪븻ǿҲмֻһ׸ǰרҲͰˣڻǰ˵һĳƢСòģӲˣ˼̣
ǵʦȵйµ׸»ԹֵҲ£ɼﻹĸףһѺӡǽƣ¼ڻŽأˣ¼ܲܿסЩԹĹԱ⿿ֵܲãҪվıߡ
ѱڻǰδΪ᷸ɵȥײϡǼΨһбûίԹ޵ģһζԴϣԼúĥĥɡ
˵꣬¾ھҪš
͢վס
¾ԭز
͢üͷԼ˼ǳ˼
¾ЦµһʥˣϷӿܶȲҲ֪Ϊ˳иĸų켺ģ֪ˣҲųĺãһжΪ˸ĸҵ
Ҹ˵ЩΪ̹ңұκ˶ϱ̵ʱܻЩ
ӣֻ̣ϿɲǣҰӹ̶ܽԴ񳤹һҪˡ
̫Ҫϸ̵ϣΪԼӺãʦͽҲԼҶѻϵˡ
͢û˵ֻصĺ˶ӶС
¾֪ͷӲ˱ӽΪңҲһֱš
ͷǺͷƢ̫ˣ׵ˡ
.
գ¾ȥѻ˻
͵¸¾ھȥˡ
ϿӲ˳ۣϱֹֻû½ȵֲϱɥź
㡢ڻǰҲȻһСľ仰˵ֹ𳤹¡
ˣûþͻãһֵڡ
˼ɢѧ˸߲ҵ
Ǿͼ򵥶ˣЦ绨ûʲôȵ۲ȵ۵ģһ߳ζɿڵĸ㣬һ߸ɡ
Ȼشǵ⣬Ⱥ˵ˣʴɡɡɣ游ڻпռǵĹ𣿡
Сֵһͷ
游ǰô𣿡
Ŀ˴ϡ
룬ʵ游ǶܴȰ
ɣǰҵĽǣ˵Сʱ游ɲ
ɣ游÷ǳֵʱǻֻᷣǲٴӵ۾ѡ
˲ǷȣȻҪȰֲ簮
ƶǶص游ûң
ɷһۡ
ˣȷһ깫Ĺ̷ܽʽûбȥҲͷġ
֪͢ջس¸ûڸˡ
ǣȻڴ˵
һȸ
Ц񡣡
͢ҲȥѣŸϵɫۣӸոóһλϡ
ףҸոջڸĸԺס¡ʵϱҲĸ߾ТֻǶϱã͢иĸһЩؾɲϧͼ谭ĸϱһֱסߣǰ˵ҲҪָײȥ˵ʱԵùһЩ
͢ϯһĳֵǳܣͳˣʵ泼˵Щ˶ڳ֮УҲӦ֮ߣֻܿգš
Ц⻰ͼˣڹ׸һΪ͢£˽ҵĹ鷳ϱӲ
ϣ⻰˵Ķԣ㵱˿͵ְɣ˵Щġ
͢εҡҡͷ
ԵĻһֱסڳˣֻʱСסգ
࣬͢Ǿô˰ɣֻѱһײ˳ǧҪ֪ǣط
ʧЦ
Сֹ⻰㵹Ǿ˵һϹͷˣҪѱ߶гԸߵǰץһء
͢
Ц¾˵ĸ׷ģҺܺãѾܾû϶ˡ
ϵؿɷ
͢ʾӻ衣
϶ŲȥˣѲѾߣװվڻ̳ͻ
棬͢ʵɻʲô
̸ϣҹģἰкܶӵ
͢ҪһĶ϶˵ˣ˵Щ˴УŵùϱҲŸףնϱʵһ£ϣӦҡ
͢Ը
Цϱ֪ػιߣЩΪΪȴᴥһЩԱ׵棬̶һЩԹϻСԹ֮ˣϿҲЩĸǷбҪʵʩϱ븸ģκ֮ǰĳЩԱҲãĳЩԱҲãȸϽеıҪԣǰ׼㲻ᱻЩԹ֮Ӱ־
͢ŵģⱾҲǳı֡
ϱһֱѻϵСӣЩ»ֻҪ˵ˣ档
ֵ̿͢ң
̾ײҪǣϲû˵ʲôǶϱ̬ȣ곤·ģϣȫİţǵΪϱŵҲͬԴϡ
͢
ģڳǰŹʲô


130 
빫˵껰, ͸ˡ
ɷһѳϱͳţһͷͼԼͷһ, һ¡
ȷ, ϲֵôˣ鷿һҹû˯þһһģ쳤˵ʲô
͢Ĳɵҡҡͷϵ¡

ϵ¿̫, ϼʶ, Щ, Ҳٴ, ᵽڣҪʲô, ɷҲǰ, ҪϹġ
С, ˵һ׮£˻ϲ²ʡ
͢ͷ
Ļֱ, ϿЩ, Ҫ۸١
ԴίϣҪֻѻϵӿ
˵͢ɶǷǲΪй¶ʲô, Ӷϱʵе, ӵѻϵ, ¼ҶҪųܻϿܻеı, ϱǵڸ׸ǿ, ˻ϵ棬ʹǰǲͣӰĻС
һΪңһάϵ˽Ҳάֵȶ
͢Ȼ̾˿
ĵؿûͷ̾
͢ͷ¶һЦ˵ڼˣѵˣΪԼˣƫģҲΪ˴֣пԭ
ϣԣĸѵһ٣
͢ҲѵɣָһΡ
ѾܾûбˡϹΡˡ
ȵ̫ۡ󶼼Ϊϲ㡣
ӵĳΨհĳ˵ʲôֻԷ硣
ķޣ˸Ƕ
Ԫvۣǳ̵͢ڵĺӣ͢ϰݿԪvˣԪvۣȴྴη㡣
ϣҪԪv۵ӣǰ͢ĺܶ£ϸϸ̫󽲽ֻҪ̫ϿˣԪv˻ϰߵ̫ľ͢ʵû̫⡣ҪֻǸĸܹУ̫Ԫv۶֧ӡ
Ԫv᳤ܻһĵ
͢аܹԪvһֱģȵ۵й¡ĸĳЧ˵Ȩƶˡ
Ѿˣ϶Ԫvǰ棬ʱԪvǷӵĸĸ
ԪvԼҳӣϻҳع˴֣͢Ȼܰȥ
ܱ֤ԪvһһԪvķǣȴûĵһƫƫӵ¡
͢ԺУֳǰλʵ۵ס
λʵ۸յǻʱйʱûһŪһ̰ɫѴ¶Ƹڸ
ȵ۵ڸȥԪvֲֻʲôڸָ֧ĸһΪģǷԸĸǵģ
͢һˣνǰáܶһСһ̯ӡ
.
ĺɫĺϣ¾ڿ˳¸
ԺԱ߰СϹȫ
һİף㻻˼۵ĵĳȹȻķαԾԵصȴҲչ¶ľı仯·һ˫İװĵĨף꿪ʼȾǳ죬һӺݻɫ˫ĺĵݱȥ
¾ԱߣҲܻźүˣһι
һȣһţһƳ˳¾һۣȥĸ밲𣿡
¾ڣˣʲô
ü㶼ûˣ滹ʱܼ㣬ĸأ
¾ڣ߰꣬ôòȷʵңҶˣжģжң˵ˣӸŮһŮĸ׿§§Ҽĸ˵ʲôҲᣬǺ䣬ʹ졣
ҲܣȻ극Ͻȥĸҹ̫ȥТ
ŮӼ޵ңýʱҪػأ¾ڸᵽҲļиĸ¸˻ô룿
ĸĿҲ̸ʱϱеġϱ
¾ڲӲΨҲ
ʵǸҵģɵ˻Ͼ͵Լ˯һûʲôˣαСʧ
Թ¾ڴ˴á
ҹĻѾ٣͢鷿֪ʲôҲû̫˯ϣߵѾ˵Ż
߶òĶӣѾߺˣԺСסܾƼ˵ò˶ãҪء
ϰڰ֣ҪԵֵʱȻûҲҪϹż
ȢѾĸˣԼ˿ɲܴųӣֻСڸãҪ
Ѿ߾˵伪黰Ϸ㣬Ҳת˻⡣
¾ˡ
Ƶ춼ˣʲô
¾ڣĺöϱһظûеһʱ밲ҪҲϡ
ЦЦͷ趨ʡǵø
¾ڣаɣӣϱ
ɺͳ
͢˽
ڸ׸أһݵĶ磬žͰϡ¾ϵЦȫˡ
ϵҸҶ˵Цʲô
͢Ķӣʱ£ܲ
¾ڣȻҪЪˣҲˡ
һסӵĸ첲򷢳͢ĹТңûϵ鷿ȥ
͢
ܴ׸ְֻȥ
˺ܶ໰ʶӣȥȴûõشģսûˣ
¾ڣҾǶҲˣڻ𣿡
ϣҾ͵ǣϽˣҼ飬ҵһӣ
ֻ¾ε¡
Ͽǰٿ󱳣˿ͺˣȴһ̶̵˰̣
¾´ѣˣ˶ûܻӻȫȫβģ֪ɡ
ϣ֪ƨ㣬һӾͶ٣Ժܵģ
¾ڣܾܣѧվΪսģдߣȥĶġ
ϣһ̫ţ㵱ȻãɳأĵǣҶǣ
¾ЦҶýģϱʲôҾ͸õҡ
ΪЦһڶӿĺϣǰװү浽ϱǰƨҷš
¾ڣ
ڲᣬûע⵽϶ݵ
һᣬﷴ̹ˣߵˣȥɣ绹ø·ء
¾ˡ
á
Ѿɽβˣ¾վƣƳױ̨ϰ룬ЦЦ
ǵʵģ
룬ǳõڳǸ벢һ
¾ڣ빤ǸģԺȥ£ǱҲҵ·ˣԺ󲻱ٽд󳤹Ʒѡ
üԼģ
¾ڣôɵǽȥңҲ鲻ͷϡ

ÿгϢ
¾ڼûĻˣߵϴǰʪٲһ顣
ʱڣȣһˣֳ˺
Ϊɥڼûù룬¾ķһ򣬲ýǿǿй
ɼ¾Ͳܻķϣϸճ׵ʱˡ
¾ŻĶ䣬Թʹ졣
ĳ£ΪѾ˵Ļɴ಻
쵽죬ڲŹƽ
컪ϲ¾˯һѣվͺ޲ȥϡ
ű˯࣬¾ڵľ롣
¾ڻɵᣬ㻹õңʹˣǲǾҪҷַˣ
ûĲƴڻ˯⻹ûȫֹʣȥĸף׿˵ʲô
¾ڣ¶ͱĸ׸ȥ鷿ˡ
ġ
¾Ͷó¾ӣҲڷҪȥҳ¾ڶš
ο¾ڱͲ˴Ŀá


131 
¾ڳ¼ס, Ͱ˳
ʵЩ̫׼¾ڵ˼Ըһֱסߣ
⼸Ĺ۲죬¾ֻǲ񷨣ȴһ׽, Թ𿴳¾һھǺģԲڴ, ¾ڼÿ춼ҪȥƣɼԹТһ㶼١
ԹˣĸֶֶŮǾ͸ˡ
٣֪᲻Ϊʱ˷ֱñ
ַҪӰĳƽ͵ضԳ¾ڵÿͻȥסһ, ûʲô, Լò, Ը׻
¾ڸϴ궫, 峺ƺ̸, ¾ڱһ, Ա, һ߸ŷ磬һ߿ûս, ʲô鷳, Ǿñ⣬ֱǡ
Ͳ𣿡
¾ڣҸ㡣
һۣʱȴй¶һЦ⡣
¾ȱߵεգܴһȥס, װͻ, ǿĸС, ͵Ҹڵط
һץ, תȥ
¾ڴչ, ȵĺ䵽ϡ
ӵס
мһ㱡ɴ¾ڸǲɴһ㱡Ĵסѩ磺ʲôģⱲ㶼õǡ
Ҳûеס
һ͹Բˣף̫
.
Ԫvһ̫󡢳¸ΪµϢš
⣬ԪvʵĶԼװ̫ҽ̫ҽٸĸ󡢳¸ϣļһﲻ֪ʲôУǷ򷣳飬Ԫv۶ˡ
ֱѮ峿Ԫv˯ͻȻ̫ѣ𴲶ˡ
ԪvͷԻ裬ֻ˯
ɡ˯ǵòĸ¸ϵֵ֧ģǿ˯ĸ͸ǲ
ԪvǿԼ
顢÷ȥμӳᡣ
ϣʮԪv۲ʱԼһ£ŬԼ˯ȥ
͢Ͽ˼ۣſӣǰɢˣҪ±Ҳࡣ
Ԫvؿ·ĳ¸ϣǶԪvѹͷɻ󣬻˺Ǭ幬
ڸʥ
̫Ҳڣ׶ΣԪvǲҪ˵ʲôģֻҪǿĸ¸϶Ͽɵģͷǡ
õʱԪvۻѧϰδЩ£ʱԪv۱תԽĸ¸Ͽ϶ᴦá
д˶ϣ͢Ԫvȥ鷿׸æÿҲʱΪʵ۽顣
ʱ鷿ֻг͢ԪvۣԼ̫
Ԫv۳øϵͷʱɿش˸Ƿ
ͻûϣͼӶĳ¸ͷҲ̧طԸ񣺡ȥϱһ衣
Ԫvۣ
ϵĺǲǲһֻ۾
۵ؿԼһϣ˳ȥ׼ˮ
ԪvЩŵؿų¸ϡ
͢뵽˼Сʱ򣬳͢ԼôѧҲĸĶӣΨһһʱȻſ˯ġ
ıȣԪvǸѧˣֻǺѧδؾͲżиһ¡
û˯𣿡͢߹òţһѳ˼ϣʱԪv۵Ŀº͡
Ԫv̫ϤϹȰ·ˣʱֱʱº͵պ˵ﻰȻƽ͵ݵȰѧǷǡТĸ󡢿ȵȡ
ԣԪvҡҡͷɫףЩˣصġ
͢ΪҪѧҪܻḺأȻϲƣǳҲΪϢˡ
Ԫvͻӿ죡
ͷģһ
ȻɾҪˣ
һͷӶ̬ȻͲ٣Ԫv۾ͷһΣС˲ԴǳϿҵصȷʵۣϳо˯֮УȻܼ𴲶飬ͷԻҲ±룬֪ܷٳ곤֧ʱٻָ᣿
ȥʱ䣬ÿͿԶ˯ٰʱ
͢ʵп˵Ѫ˿
¶ɡ
Ԫvۣ֪ʲô޷ԺҲ赡֤һ
͢ڵãŻϡ
ʱˡ
͢ᣬԪv̧ӣװִһǷ
ڿν͢ȥ̫ˡ
̫˵͢ҪٳĴüǲǻϸϱԹϳˣ
͢΢΢ϷǵûбԹǳãǳͣѧҵͬҪòϢ϶ʱԼоԽԽѼЧ̶»ѧòʧ
̫Ĭ
͢һۣϱϾʮ꣬Ϊ϶ѧϰȤΪҪѧҵʹ֮ģϴʱٲò볼Ľ̵ˣ˭Լϣ
ԶĲᣬΪĻʵ۾͹ˡ
̫ȻʼҵһǣΪĻʵ۹ʵɷ򶼡̫Ϣ¶Ӳǵĺ󳾣ױ̵
̫ѾϿ˳͢飬ǺʣǰΪºࣿ
Ҳ÷ų͢ΪֶӵĻģݶӵһЩϰ
͢˵Цʱ״Ԫ˿ޣȵʶ빬̵϶飬ĳӡӡҲ״Ԫ֮̽ţҲãڽһ;ȷʵЩ汾£ŷʦͽҲԡ
̫ͷ䣬˭͢з
͢ĸӣһֱΪѱ̵ܽӻûϢһⱲӶֻܿųҫˡȻǰ꣬жȥƽ·ս˿䳼ȮӣȴˣʮԼլڵĳϢ볼ûаϵ
ʱ˼ĳӡܸ״Ԫ̽ʵĲŸɣ̵ʲô̵ģֻл볼ӡΪϸ񣬳Խ뾭ѵ鶼ˣĲŸɺ󣬳Իϣʱᾪһ亹Ψֳǰϸ᲻Ѿڻ˶Զķġ
˵͢ȥˣǧˣ𷣣
̫ЦϺ⻰ˣǰĻҲǫˡֲ٣нյĳɾͣҲ벻׵ϤࡣԣȫǸŸɡ
͢ɣҲǳˣԽҲµĸδؾǶԵģν̵ϣʾ
䣬̫εĴǳ̵͢͢ϵķʽˣֻҪоݣ̫֧֡
еͰ˵԰ɣϹ˸ϵһģԽټ֮
͢ͷˡ
̫⡣
¸ϸӲͣţ˭֪ĸҲô׺أ
֪һûʺ󣬵ûһĸ󣬴ֻܽ˵


132 
̫͢һº, ܿΪԪvƶµϢƻӴˣûг, Ԫv۲Զ˯ʱÿ컹ӵʱɴ, Ƕԣȥ԰ι飬С̫չǣֻ֮ҪΥ񷨣Ҳû뾭ѵ, ̫͢󶼲Լ
Ȼ, Ԫv۶顢ѧʱ䲢ûм, ΪʵӦѧ, ҲӦøľ
³ڹסû, ӳ¾ڿ˵˳ı仯
ʳ¾ڣ𣿡
¾ζؿһۣɲûش, ҵ

˭λ, Ψ¾ѹûηڵװˡ
¾, Ƶسŷ
˼, 治㿪ˣֻõ㵫˵޷˵ʲô, Ҷû˵
¾Ƴ۴, ԼԱߵλá
Ҳ֪װǻ, ¸ǽж, 뵽ȷʵɴС, 飬ƹߡ
¾ھ룬ݵǰ
ٲ˵ˡ
¾Լһڣŵʵ۱ÿ糯Ǽ̫үүԹ涨ġ
ͷȷʵˡ
¾ڣǼǰǼλڶдѵ޹ʲꡳľ͡ԼҲ֪

һʼˣĻүүʮ겻ϳȻ˸յǻڿһӣҲͷֻȻүүǿ㣬һºôϳΡ
ĸ빫ΪҪܵСС;ͼ糯µܵѧ˻үү븸ʡ
ǡ
ܵܿѣ¾ھ͵ܻܵССûԹͷһӱƵ̫Ҳܲˡ
߰׵۶ܳԪvۼλ䲢ϡ档
ԪvӦЩСʵõģþ̫ӣᴢλãԥͷȥˣ̫ĸڣҲû˸ı̫ӡȵֻԴͿͳɽþʹԪvҲص⻼
ҲֻڸԪvۣлᱧԹ˯
ѻ˵ˣΨһ̾
ʱֻԪv£ܵҲʮ꣬ÿ¾Ŵ糯ܵܵ׼˶ãױһʲôĻʵۣҲ֪
ܵܳװȡٳ⣬ȫΪ֪ܻܵЭβɻ;ϵĻ᣿
ˣһһɣģֻܾܵ·ܲؼÿܵԼ
.
£Ȼȡ
Ƚסȥ˳¸
ҹ¾δڼסã
Ϧɡ
¾ڣϦֲʲôգΪҪ߹
㲻ôżȥѹĸҪڿ㡣
¾ڰѹסǶûгȥˣϦҹûȥߡ
סڳǷþ͹ãסߣʲôʱʲôʱͷĸ׶֪
ѵ˻绨ѩµ£ֻǽϦײһڳ¼Ҳܰæ⡣
̫ˣӼûţȥ븣סһ壬һ졣

¾ڣǳţǳߡ
Ϧţ֯Ůᣬ˼õŮŮҲԼƻ󣬳¾ȥ桰˽ᡱһ
ˣţɣ
¾ڲֻǿ
Ҳӻţ֯Ůһܼһ棬㻹¹ӡ
úôʱʱ϶ߡ
¾ڣ
˵ˣҶӦˣϦҹҪɡ
¾óʳԵС
ֻ÷Ϧϳš
.
³͢º󣬶ɷϦŮҪɣǣ
͢ŮӲɣǲٳ־ǡ
ʱ䣬࿴ۣд顣
ЦҲ֪˭˵ԺÿϦҹ
͢
ԭҪŮǼ٣档
˼һٶˣʲôϦк֪˰Ц
ϱţֹô˵æ˭֪ǲҡ
͢ЦˣŮ̸ۼˣһҡ
ϣ˭֪أĲϣ߰ʮ۶Ҳϡ
͢ĬƬ̣ٳĬرסӡ
ϣ
ϣ͢ȻȥڸҲؼңô£ʱææžˡ
ڸ󣬳ֵ͢һ没ǵӡ
͢ЩѾܱ۾ҡͷ
ڸһλϣȻھҵҵصʣλʮʹˣһܽζġһλϣʮһ꣬ͦӲʵģΪ²ˣͷؿϷϡ
͢ȷʵϲ̫˳ۣΪϸѾ뾩ǰ׸߸һϵģҲڳϷԵĭɡڸ͢˵㣬ֻҪ֧ĸĸǲֵ֧Ҳң͢ŷҪԸϡ
ڳһıȺӣֱС֮ĶȾ֮
ӵݸԪv̫ۡ
Ԫv۲Ϊ⣬ͷ߾߰ɣҲûʲôá
̫֪ûô򵥣޹뾩ֻԸĸĴڸ͢ݲˡ
ȵ۳Ź֮ˣϾʹϹȥ̽̽ɣҪ̫ࡣ
ӣ̫Գ͢
͢ףҲд⡣
̽Ҫȥ̽ģֵ֮󣬳͢ڸයӣŴųȥˡ
ųʳǣ͢ͼһվԣһģ
͢Ǽ£
صǴС㣬ղڻ԰ˣСŤ˽ţ۵ֱޣʱֻгңΪʮ𡣡
͢˵
£֪˽ҹʱлû
͢ϳ򾡿ϡ
ŮĽˣǳ𣬶ϵĲҪ͢һֱϵĲװģôȥ̽Ҳûйϵ
¼ҡ
Ӵʱۼڹۺ˵ķ䣬Ÿ̧˵Ľס
ûнУֻǽҧס촽һǿʹģﺬδᡣ
ˣ֪һ㶼ұֳ
߬ӣ˵ĴߣֹеؿС
λǵԪõ껪Ϊ˲øѡװجΣ¾ڵֲ뾪ȫˣװŤ˽ţһˡ
һϸĽףֹˣ¼˶ôûʲô󰭣ȴҪһһէģ
滨Сٿҵĳñֳ˵ЩĻٸҲһεĸҩ
²˼ҳš
˸ɫ
˵ˣ˵رȥ䣬ӽ˳ӵû£ֱֲˮʧʶװһ¡
ôã˵ȻԸæ壬ʵʵڼڰɡ
ΪϷ˻Ϳˮأ
᲻ʱ۾
͢ĴҴҵعʱŮ޵Ȧˣôỳɣ
ȹĴŮȰ˵ϱҪ
Ӧţ˵Ȼ˰ûڡ
ֱҹĻ٣˺ȻĽŲˣ߸˵ȥһȥ԰ɡ
ȻֶŮӣϳ¾һȥˡ
Ƿޣ²㡢Т࣬͢ҲˣźǰŪߣϵӻЦ
ܹ֣֮͢ʱϣĳҲβЦ⡣
ãҲܺá
ϱӣرùϦȥϸ̽ϾȻ񻯣һغ
̫ҽȥƹȷʵԼˣ򲡶
ɵ׸鹫ߴ״ʱ֮ģָ𹫵ų켺
׸̰꣬ᷣӹ٣ҲȷʵΪиĸᷣһЩܲϵĹԱЩطȴϾͱѡ˳˹ų켺Ĵ
治˹ԹԱҲ֪׶ᷣЩԱ״Ψһģֹȥ̽ϡ
ƻɹһ㡣
ͻȻһ
ƫͷ˳¾ڵŴװ׵дš㲻ҹڣȴͷЦʲô˼

ʵȫԲ¾ϹԵķɴף˭أ
һȻֻаԲų¾ڽߣӹš


133 
¾ڰѻش, ˵˻ϺȻø
ʹģ뵽λϡ
Щûô, Щ굹ڹ棬еǸʵֵĳģ
ʵδصС, ˵ǴθʱϾڳáڸǰ׸빫Ÿɡ
ɵʱϵĵǰ׸ģȥͷڹ꣬涼Ҽ, 没ڼ, ΨһԸǳ͢׼, ϻ, Զ뾩Ƿ֮ء
飬ϱİҹ, 빫һϵû
Ȼ, ϶Ⱥ, ǻȻɣ᲻̫η幫, ¶滹, һȥ̽ϵĲ飿
ˣϻһʱ, ֱȥ̽, ٱƵӣ
뵽ֿ, ˯ˡ
Ͻ, ֻΪ޷װյľƶ, չҪȥ̽ϣô
û
ѾϨˣ¾Ƿӡ
ҡҡͷסݵȲˣӦ䡣
¾ֽôˣҪ֣ͻȻɿűת˹ȥ
¾ڣ
.
ճ¾ڳãҲˣʵװ£Ÿܡ
峿죬Ѿȥ仨԰ˡ
֪͢ϱʲôһȥڸ󵱲
뼸Ǭ幬ʥʱڵһ̫ȻյһϢӣ̽̽Դ
վԪvԱźĲˣ߹ߡ
̫ʣ£
¶ݣϣϼ˵ڸոգϲˡ
Ԫv۳һ컹ϵͷûˣ
̫Ƥ΢͢
͢˸ɫʱȴýʲôֻλһ˵Щ廳ϵĻ
ͬڸʮ꣬УҲЩڵģ͢˵˵ţо
Ǽλ󳼼ˣһ׸һҲɿ⡣
Ԫvۿ޲ص̾˿Ҳʾء
̫вȥϼдͣʹɥǣ档
ȼλ£ֻʣ̫Ԫv̫ۡ͢ʳ͢ΣôͻȻˣ
粻ߣҪڳ֮̽͢ߣϢȥЩҪ˳͢
͢հȷʵȥֻ̽ǳŮ˲С˽ף۵ô޲ֹ޹ңɹѰظȻظˣȥ̽ϣϵ˵飬ûлһ档
˵꣬ź̾
̫ȴ˿Һó¼ҳ׮£Ű͢һ׮鷳
ϣϲ𣬶ˣ˵ĽΣ̫ʵر˹ġ
͢п˵ûд󰭣ֻСý޵̫ףʵŻ˼г
ԪvһֱĬĬţԳ¸ϵŮЩӡ󣬽ƺϲټǲ̫ˣֻǵѾͷʱѾͷɱȳ¸Ͽ˳۶ˣ
¸
ûѾʰڵһϢ
ͬ͢ڸ󣬱ĺڵģϲţҸѱɥʱҲ˳¼ҡ
ǵĸ˵ϢҲʱѾ֪ϱ
ĸ֪һЩϸڣƩ磬ǽϲߵġ
Щӡ
ϱӹȥ̽ϰҹⱲӹûȥϼֵϣ
ԣĺ¹
.
Ȼ¼ûʲôҪˣջ˳
ϳ¾ڻ˴¡
¾ڲ̫˼Ҫϧ͢һڸͷΪԼͷУѴµϢ
׼¾ֻǵͷʾ֪ˣȻʼԷ
ȫûѴ·ϣⲻЩź
ó¾֪ȥ̽ˣΪŶ鷳¾ڿ϶ÿɣ
ɲʥˣʱ˺£Ҳϣ飬úýһ
˵ҪһѶֲδζѳ¼̫̫͵û¡
ģȥ븣£Ҳûسˣֱȥ븣ҡ
¾ˣϵ뿪ûʲôӰ죬ÿڸͷܵõ
Լͷôôã
¾ںݺݽ˽⣬͢ʧһλϣ㻹ȥɽˮ
üҪҹ䣿
¾ڣҶǳߣ㶨ġ
͵ȥˣôȵ죬ûڡ
¾ڼԷ
˴ϣŽһ۶øĳĶ䣺ʲôʱǣ
۾䵭ҲǣҪڼ廳ϡ
¾ڣûΪ͢Чˣƾʲô廳
Ը⡣
¾ڣǲȥ븣Ϊ㣬Եĳϡ
ҲУȥͻ
¾ҧĶ
ҧ顣
г¾⣬ס䡣
¾ڸĳֱƫͷӣҲŹĲ硣
ʲôʱƫĸˣ
¾ڣµͷӣ㻹ȥ븣£ǸϣôԴ
ҧȷʵǸϣֻг¸ϻҵĹҶԼĹͨϣȻһͬʡ
¾ڣǸҲһͬʣұȶǧٱȻܸƽһӡ
ƽϣ˯ͳɡ
˵ţŲȥ
¾ס
֡
¾Ͳܿұǿ
Цˣ˵㣬ֵܼҲȲϸΪ͢Ч
¾ڣô˵ҵͣ϶ǿ

޷⻰ΪҲûϱӳ¾ʮʱЩΪûǸᡣ
󣬻뵽˹ʮʱʱںԺְûбӡ
͵ĳ¾ڣѾս
ָʹһְ빫ϵսϵԡѪսȫԼ
һһ䣬һȷֺαطҪ׽Ͼ
εص̬ȣǲƽǰˡ
¾ڽתҲǸƽϣǸƽϡ
ٶü塣
¾ָϸԵưüΣƽռ޹ʱǿҲ˳ۡ
ô㵱ʱʲôС
¾ڣҺһ㣬Ҷô㡣
˴˱˴ˣֹһ㣬Ҳᴦ㡣
¾ںһأϣҾûһĵط
֪ʱԼҲ˵һǴ

¾̧°ͣһɺݾ㲻˵˭Ҳ˯
ŬӣηʱҲǿܿˣ㳤ٳһ㣬Ӷסңһع
¾ڣʲô
ҡͷ
¾ڲţַԼϣﲻϲ
Ҫš
¾˹ѹݺһڣ븣£ҲȥҳҸ㿴



134 
ϳΪͷʱ, ƼЦ£Ľë봹˫, ֻһ˫ĵذŴǰһƷ˿
Цʲôˣ
շⳤʱϰߵ˼, һʱȥˣĳƺȡˡ
Ҳˣ̧۳ƣûлش
ƤҲ°϶йء
Ц
ո, Ĳȥ븣¸Լ, ¾
þ, ϶᲻뿪쳾, ¾ҲӲģ˵Ұһͷ, ȾĸȥȰ, ԰ӻſ, ȻðżٺекΪ
Ųֻᣬ±Ц, ¼һҪء
ֻǳ¾ڰܵ븣, Ҳ̫š
緹ʱߺȻһܳȥ, ȵô, Ҫ갡
ü
극, Ȼ, ƬƲ㶼Ǻڵ, пܻµҹҲδ硣
ĸѾ߶Լҳ
޷ѡҪôǰ븣£Ҫôȥ¾˵һξˡ
Ӻܼ£ʮͬµͳݳ
žžڴʾϣȴǾġ
뿴Ĵⲻк£¾ڻ᲻ȥ븣¸Լ
ȥˣҲһˣȥа취ʰ
븣¡
븣´кջƻСסһͷ㡣븣°źÿԺѾฺ̫ʰ븣ҲҪͣעⲻ˵ôбɡ
ϮǰͶˣҴɽһиԵľ׵Ժ
ʱ̴Ѹð̡
Ϊʦڣݵִʱֻк븣µִλ¸صĸɮӭӡ
䵱ɽʱλҸ˴ʱɮ˵Ҳࡣ
λɮ齵ĿԺ͸ˡ
Ŀ͸ɮԶȥ¡
ΪҲˣ׼γͷ
ĳơ´Ȥ
ȵţû˵
Ц볯һ𣬽ﳤүȡҵͷ³С
Ҳڵ磬ùի󣬿ڴߣŵƹⷭ͹ķ𾭡
ľûж¾ھ᲻¡
븣λɽİɽҹĻˮǰ֣һƥͻȻŹ·۵ɽ¡
¾ס̧ͷɽԼɼһƵƻ
Ҳ֪᲻֮иسˣһûԸĶ򣬵ȳ¾ڻȥٸҪ
ɽֻһʯ·¾ڽ˩һǿԱ£ʰϡ
˺븣⣬¾˳Ѳߵܼ
ܼŵڰ߹һסĵһ̧ߵ
¾´ñݰڣܼȿģȻЦʱ¶һڰ
ܼ
óð븣¸ԼǸøˣ
ɿܼ񣺡¼
¾ڣţǺʱģ
˼˼䣬ȷһ·ƽƽ¾ھ͸һС̫ȥˣֱ齵ĿԺ
ԺõĶǴֽԺΣֻµ˹ӭЦһϲģҲ֪ڸʲô
ܿ죬¾ڽˣ̧ͷȫʪ͸ͦν˶ϣ¾Ӣϻˮɹڲ٣ܣ͵ĵƹһգԵð˺ܶ࣬
ԼһˣȻҲϣ¾ɿӣ̲סֵô꣬ҪôΪβ£
¾ڷֹţһ߿½һ߿ˣֻ·Զûʲôá
ת򴰻
ﱸͰˮ¾ڴʪ²ĿʼϸıӰϡ
ˮ޳ľӰ˫ȴɫ
¾ڵѰ˼ҵĸˣʱ϶Χķź㵹ãһæ
ϣ˵ɡ
¾ڣð㣬ϣܸҼƽο㣬ֲ
Цһ棬ȱݲмƽϣˣҽܼǰȣ㶼޴ԩ
¾ڣ磬ǱͷӿӲˣ֪ôһµңҾͲܻ
ܻȥҲ١
¾û˵
Ĳɵطž飬˻ǱߵĲˣȴû
ڻʲôʱȻ˻ԾƷһ̣һ˫סļԱߵһͱ¾ѹ档
δողϴɾӢӣͷֱֱضҰĲ
ѹȥ滻ϡ
¾ڣ𣿡
ΰɣ
¾ЦǲҲԤˣ
벻ҶԤ
¾ھ䵱ɽϵӣĵҲûʲôֹ
¾ڴʱҲֻǶˣһʵʵȥ洩ۡ
ԺиС¾ʰ׵󣬳ơҲի
¾ڳԵúܿ죬ڣ뻪Ъˡ
ߵĴǺ£Ҳûж󣬲ɴ뱻ȶǳģ
಻ϣ͸ɴһ磬ĵɴڻƵĵƹҡҷ
Ϊ죬Ҳɳ¾ڴӺ汧
һΪ㲻¾˵
ȻˣΪλҪ
¾ڣ㲻ֻǰһˣȴûһҪҡ
ΪС㣬ȥҪڸ̫衣
¾ڣ׼ηң
ڳðɣȥի¡
¾ڣիʲôҼ޾ͳɡ
öˣ㵱ȻҪ˯Ǳߡ
¾ڣȻȷ滹ݡ
ЦЦ
¾ǣʣ꣬᲻ڳţ

¾תļƵĴ
峿ʱ¾ڲߣֻˮδ׹΢δ
Ѿǽ¡
أ
ҡҡͷһͳȥˣҲû˵Ҫȥ
һֱիˣ¾ڲŻˣϰã°ڿȼȫʪˣЬЬҲմ͡
ѾʶȤ¡
ȥַˣ
¾ڣȥ̽·ˣȻȥɽߣȻİһ
ƳЬϵ͡
¾ڣڱģұȥ
Ĳյϡ
Թ緹ȥǰ㡣
ǰţ¾Żȥ
¾ڿ
һۣջߣϵԸֽ¯
뿪븣º󣬳¾罫ͨɽʯס
ſϣԶɽŰɫ·ߵ֦ҶһſžӨˮ顣
ݵһЩҰյ꽽ڵأ۷۵ĻȻɾޡ
죬ʱʮѵá
ոʲô
ţ¾ںȻʡ
˵Ͳˡ
¾ڽһ򻬣ŵûæ§ĲӣȻŷֳ¾ھȻװġ
Ĳ⡣
¾ڵͷҧֱ
˾ôһ˵һֵģ󣬳¾ڱŻһƬϪȣϪˮɸߵ±׹䣬峿ͶٲϷһĨ̶̵ĺ硣
Ȼ̫ٴЩǿˮ¾ڽһͲƽʯϣ뻪ȥ
˭ϡˮ
¾ЦЦؿ
ƫͷȥ䵽ԶϪС
ٲ棬طϪˮǳǳؿµһϸɳ


135 
븣ͨɽ·Ѿܼȳס, κȥƻˡ
ˣ¾黪ѵǼĲɫĵƶԽӣԼǳɫķȹ, ֻһɫضԼһİ籿ʱǰܾˡ
¾ڣ㲻, ˮҪȹŪ壬ɮƼΪںɽʲôĹ
ұҲûˮԼȥɡ
¾ڿư, ĸ׻˵ƢӲ, ɸ, Ĺͷġ
, ¾ۣ¶ʵ˶ļ, , Żȡ
𿴳¾ɹ˵, Ǽȴ
¾ںȻͷ
Ѹƿߡ
¾ζЦЦߵ, Ϫˮ
ֿ˹ȥ, Ϫˮŵס
¾Ϫˮ㣬һȦʯͷ, һڵ, ҵӵɡ
һԵչ, ͷ
¾ˮһȦ, ת, ͻƫͷ·ŻƵġ
Ȼʲôֻ¾ͻȻˡҪϣͻȻһƬˮ˹ͷĲֱ¾ڵӵסˣӡȹڣʪһƬ
ߵصϪˮˡ
¾ȴûƵģߵϪˮмһʯͷԣԻ£ͷŪˮϸɳ
£ͷһŻһʪѣٿļžΧһģ׻ȴµȹˣ̯ƽڹ⻬ȵʯͷϡ
ѵЬ籿ĿȣŽ߽Ϫˮ
һ·¾˫һˮȫܵ˳¾ڷĿϡ
Ϊ¾ͷһˮļļͷСٲƵϪС
¾ڱֵͷƿ
Ϫˮͬһ澵ӣӳɫ£Լ˪ѩļ
תסʪ˫֣ͷȥ
ӣɫĴ꣬ĵŭص
¾ֻЦˮַҪڳļӣΨֽЦ㣬ϡ
ֻ
¾ЦɫǰǸˣֻңʲôŲģ
ë΢ȥ
ߵֻǣĪҪĹ
¾̧֣ףֹʧǣҶЦ㣬ֻϲ¡
ͷ
ڼʱϲ¾ȴ̫ϲƽʱһīɫķӣȴҲӢʮ㡣
һȦһ˹
¾ڣ԰ץٴϹǵ۾

ôݶһ˹Ҫһʱ뿪òҪжԷϳҵݡ
¾ڵͷ
ָ򰶱ߣȥϴţܣҡ
˵꣬¾ڵ߾䵽ϡ
ǼʵػģȻֻظߣ¶ôһƬ羱
İ籿㣬һ㣬޳ϸ֡
¾ڻûһסҶһֱ͵ϣԼȥܱڵĺӶˮȥˡ
ϾҰ⣬ѵԸݣ¾Ҳûеңۣҵҵظڡ
ӣڶˮ档
ǴΪӺ棬ʱаչֻ¶һСȣɽˮ㣬Զܼĳ¾ڸڣţ볹׾һء
ԽԽɹϪˮҲԽԽůˡ
ߵٲˮ̶ߡ
ˮʯҲ࣬ߵʯм䣬ſʯͷĴ۲졣
¾еٲȻһո·Ůϴȥ·մǵۣ±ӿ
ȥͳ¾һʵġ
ٴܣŵȥ
һϵɫضԼ籿㣬һʯͷϡ
¾ԱߵҰݶҪ޶ˡ
Ƭɽʯм䣬һˮȥһ濿ƽʯϣ¶ˮŽķ٣Զ졣
ˮκż͸ʯͷ϶Ͽȥֳ¾ڻǱߣȻĵسƳۣû£㰲ˡ
̶ˮ̶ӣˮ棬Ȱɴѣټɹȡ
»صϣֻʣһЩˮķ˿ʪš
վһƬ£ʾ¾ڹ¡
¾ڼɹɵӡȹƵ
۾չ˫ۡ
¾Ȱϵóȹٰӣ˿˳һǡ
ڻ۾ҪԼǷʱ¾ͻȻһסУһ̧°ͣеȥ
ЦˣΪո㹻ʵʱҲԸ
͹˷һжԳ¾ڵĴ̼¾ڵֽƵȹϣٰ⿪
һĿ֡
¾ڸĳɱߴŴ
˺ܾúܾãõ̵ʱ򣬳¾ɿ
ɻƳˣûг׵侲
߿һξ룬ʯͷϿˮ
¾ڱɣͷұĿ
ƫͷɻҪֱͦεӰȫչĲȣ᲻ʱعš
ĬĬջߡ
ڣ¾߹ˣɫѾָ糣ֻڿʱ۵ѹʲô
ȥˣ
¾ڵͷתȥ¶󱳡
Լ߰ɣ·Ѿɹˡ
¾ڶŲ
ֻſȥ
жأ¾û߶ã;ĺ󱳸ոչˮƵģһɹɵȡ
ֵǣ峿ʱûôȵġ
ɹˣ
һ·û˵ֻһļĽŲĦš
ǰǺ븣ˣ¾ҲܼȻȥӰ
ͷ糺
¾ߵԱһ£ȥЪһɣڵӣᡣ
ٿһۣپôȣȴޱȡ
¾ںȻס۾ҡ
ԣΪΣ
¾ڣɫеģҰѳֲס

ôܻɫе
Ŀ¾ڵ֣ת˰Ȧ֤½Ƕ
¾ЦЦɵһ˸ҡ
Լߵ·ɹġ
¾ڣţͷͦģʱӦһɡ
ԺҲҪˡ
¾ڣȣҲĺá
ʱЩƣµġáָʲôûٽӻ
ԶһƬ˶ߵӲݺܼض
ΪܿͻȥҲԴߵ뿪ɵ˺ܾãûпϤӰ
ѵʲôʣ
ܼ̽ͷͼүһ£ȹڴ¶˳
ʲô
ܼҲԹȥš
ˡ
Ժ˼η𾭣㽫һ·ѹȥ
תһӾͶϳ¾Ͷߡ
ѸٱܿĿбӵش߾΢΢°ͣǰ档
յգеĳư̬ǧ
¾ЦЦӿŲƵǰ棬ͦεǡͶһƬ


136 
ΪѾ, ûȥ߶ظЪ, ¾ڳµ԰䣬С
Ѿʰ, ¾Ժµš
֦ҶïڵͶһƬŨ
輸ϰŲˮϺɫѣΪϲƤ¾ھ͸Ƥ
ˮ۵ѹ⣬Ūָ϶մЩ֭ˮ
ȥƤѵݵǰ
ȵס, ѾƼ, Ȼͷġ̷
Χ, ĵóԽӨϸ, ƫƫһ˫Ϳ˿֬
ɳ¾֪ĺɫ
ڻ̫, , , ܶЩط
ûﹻ
¾ڣϰ, ο, ȥһ¡
ÿɷ񣬼¾ֻƤԼûʲô, һ, С
¾ڿϸƯָ, Ƥһ, Ϊһۡ
¾ڣ۹ﳤ, ٰ֪ⱲӶûôһѣ˵ǲƤѶˡ
ֲѰգԼЩ꣬ҲѶԲ𡣡
¾ڣһǵһγԳιѡ
ٵһۡ
ơ뼸С̫ŶϵؽСԺС̫ǲҿơȴڲ輸࣬ȻҪɼΣ֮ȴֻ᲻Դǣͺ֦ͷһԶȸһ׷֣һְԲԲԴһ
װϳ¾ԳɡŴñĻɽȥ
ǰ濪··ϵǷ׷ױõһԣǹǺؿŴ˵еĻүɾ°߹ٽԶȥ
ڵɽţĳѾͣߣԱվһǣų¾ڵ
¾ڽ˩ɽ£һͷԸܼȥˣñ·İǣߡ
ƥϹһ飬ϳ
¾ڽʱͼѾժñ¶һΪɽȵú˵ա
¾ڣԱߣӡ
΢͸ɴ˽žˡ
˶ˣʡ
¾룬ʮʱ򣬴ҵġ
ɵá
¾ڣĲҪǼϴҲչֵܡ
˰ɣ֣Ҳֻĵܵǡ
¾ڣ˵ٳҴ硣
ǵĴζð˳õˣƻϣʮ壬Ҳ˰꣬˰ɣ
¾ڣˣʮ꣬׳
Щ˽⣬ͨʮˣһЩӵܣʮá
¾ݣȻֻһƥѾǳڼˣ𿴻ҲƥƯİء
¾ڣôһƥ
Ҫ𣿡
¾ڣǱˣ͵϶ˣȥͷӿҪѵҡ
𾴹٣ͳ¾ʲôöҲ⹫ô˵ô
˵¾ƥҲǼʮӵĻɫϾ²ڵϲܵܣҲỨ͵ܵһƥϵȱһûô˽ӣй涢ţ²ôТ˳Ҳһôȥϸĳ
ǰҪôûῴ¾ڵҪô˼ڴϣ
ˣ¾ڻƥõģȳƵݣܵÿЩҲܰʡ·ϵʱ䡣
¾˵ŲҪҲûټ֣̫ĵӡ
صȥԡ¾÷
Ъεʱ򣬳¾ʵʵһԣҽŴˣ죬κ
Ƭͦģ㹻˷ۺϡ
п޵
֪¾ڵʲôˣǵʻɢȫĻ
.
ҹĻ٣¾ڳŵδŻ˺롣
棬ϿĳֱģȱزٵҲҹɫġ
¹ƽĺϣү½ӣδһ·µˮҲָƽ
ûãµˮδΪģʱʱسܵ
δҲһεķ籩ϯҡε崵
ʼգֻ¹ᡣ
죬¾ɿ˻
ýʣƵϣŴɡ
ֻʣһ㱡ɴСȥʱߵĴſе£ԲЩӰźһԶö
ʶؽԱߵıڵϡ
¾ڴӺ汧Ц±϶𿴼
еѣο˼϶ֲ㣬ΪҪҡ
¾룬߱ӵסԼҵ÷͵ҡ
ˡ
¾˻㴩п㣬׵ͭǰŵƹϴ
ת⸱ģûӹ̫鷳
¾ڿһۣк鷳ģɶǱҿɲǹӲšˡ
˶٣ҵ˼ǣҶûТѵû
¾ڣôģ
ʵʵ˵Ǿãѹĸ͵Щ꣬Ϳ˳Ȼˣû뵽ȥһ
ĸ͵Щģʼݱһ꣬ԸеĴԼֵԪvʱ
ʱʮ꣬úõģܵҲûٳӹҲٹ˼ʲô
ǣ¾ھȻһ㶼żҪӣԼѰ·
ӭų¾ڵӳŵƹĺɻϥ¶Ů˫ȫˣĲĽ
¾ڣĽżҳȻ࣬һΪȵ۷ɥһӣҲһ룬һҴӶ飬ûʱ㡣ʱ䶼ӡ
Ǻܶǰദ٣ȴ޼䣬ҹҹ棬٣
ϲΣһ˫ȴ峺Ҳװ׵¶˳
¾ЦЦȰĶϴɾһû©ˮԱߵļϡ
ϴһ֣¾ڴʪһӣ齱ߣźڲ
չӣֻ۾
ţֵʱУ˿Լֻܽźʱ󷽴ݡ
ˮ¹͸ɴڳ覵ϡ
¾ڴۣһΪãһʣãʲô
ָԲץŵĳ棬һһŮױǷޡ
¾ڣֻʽֻ˹Ϸ޵壬һʲô£ϵķ޺׷ֵ𡣡
۾ŵؿ㻹ڵһ㣿
˵Ļֻû
¾ζصҲΣҲΡ
üʲô˼
¾ڣΪͷӣҲȢ㣬ͷӵˣһ
Ŀ͵һһ㶼ҪΪ¾֪ʲô
ǳ¾ڵɫ̫ƽǡôû׹֪Ԥϵϱӹ¼ҵ³
úõģҪ˵ֲĻ΢գǸ׵׶ӣҲû
¾ڣû̫ˣ̫࣬˵Ͱ⵹ˡ
Ĭˡ
û¾̸۹õľơ
˵ЩҲȷİοƩĸܻܵʼֹ֧¾ȿˣ᲻浽һ죬ͷӶ˹ҳ˲֮ӣͷӻұﳼ֮ӣΣ 
û⡣
ΪⱲӻûзϱȻеĻӦˣȴ粻ˣ¼ҷ߽Ȼĳ
¾ҿɲúӰ㡣


137 
û뵽¾ڸոϴǶ, Ȼ˵ôһֳصĻ
̫⣬һʱ֪λӦ
¾ڰѣԼҲ, ȥŴˡ
δƵģͷ, һ㱡ɴңңϵ¡
ʵ¾ֻϲûµʱ˭
ڱעɽرԹЭձ, ĽĹٸĲ±ɡ
һȺ̰ٵĴӵ¼, ʿȡ, ̰ͬǮơ
Ÿ϶ӡʵŮõƷָʹĹְ, ҲԼıԵĿףƽԥ췴ս
һֱϻ۵, ¼ҴʱŽ°صΣ, кγϵģ
, ֻһͨ㣬¾̸Լĵ, Ϊǳ, ǳ͢ǱߵģûЩʲô, ڻϡ̫˵©, ޼̸ǣ³ֵĴ¡
֪иĸﲻ, δȰ蹫, ֻĬĬΪ¼ҿܻе³׼
׼, úӰ
̸ʲôŲţϳ¾ڣ˺ӣҲΪ˺Ǩ
ǳ¾ԼżûкӣⱲҲΪӣ̶
¾׷ʲô
ףΪ
ķޣͬʹ࣬ԳТڣôĺС㣬ڳ¼ҳºƾһ¼ϵûУðŷѩŴҲҪųТȥ߽Կࡣ
¾ûûӣѡһԸֵɷΪ¼£¼ҹͬˣֲϣΪķΪҪӣϧ˻ܿ޵ʱ
Ҫˡ
ų¾ڼ̵ѣһͣȡ

ڵӱ𣬳¾߽٩Լ𣿡
ɹȥ
¾ǰ
ſıϡ
ڳ¾׼ʱĲӣϵҵĻ£ȷΪ׶ɣԺǸϻƽգ۳¼ǾǴ廹СҶΪЩ㣬㣬ֻΪ㱾˶Բҵ¡
¾ڳĬƬ̣ЦһٸӣҲҶԲ
ֲߵԺ˵ֻ
¾ڿʼߣҺӵ£˵ʵˣ
šĲӡ
¾ͣڴſڣȻšˣƫͷʣҼżԸ
Ը⣬ûܽлһľܰĴ
ʳ¾ڣ뵱
¾ڣżҽͿԸ㣬㲻żǾٵȵȣȶˣҲרչԶСڡ
ȶ
¾ѹɣڴ»̫ڸ٣̬ȣһоˡ
Ĭ
¾ڣ㲻⻰߻ϰɣ
ֲɵ
¾ڣǲɵװˣͷϿҲ˳ۣͷҲԶʧŪⲻˡ
£Ͳ˵
ķޣ˴˼仹ûг˽ԷҲ֪Էʲôԣü¾ں޳µһ¾Ҳ֪ѷ»Ϊһ̸
¾ڿϰĴȷˣЦЦһΪ˵Ҹһףס
ҲЦˣĿ
.
ڶһ磬¾ƥ˰ȥˡ
Թ緹󣬽ҪȥϿûгʵĺ
ܹǷԻɹɹҲּ֣֮ѵһĺһ͸ǵĺŴϢˣȻٱߣʣµʹȻԣȴ㲻˻Ҫ
˽ⳤ۹ˣһȦûнǰһԣū澸ЩӴкȸǸϵϢ
ʹٱߣڻʹ棬Ҳûһҵѹĳ
Ҫȶã
󣺡ǰܻһ͹
ӣҲͻһ¿ɵȡ
ţҷ¡
˰³һվɽĸ밲
̫Ůɫ֪ŮڹñڹﻹңڣɱϾ׿ˣ̫Ůң̫ǵŮûװԶ˷֡
ʮˣҪˡ̫Ȱ
̫ǸĸϱӻҲΥĸⱲȴûôηٴңԺҲˡ
̫󣺡
Ϊá
ô˵ҲΪã´һĻҪ
̫ãŮԽԽˣֻŮСʱֶŮѧǣȴûа취Ůķ¡
ĸŮ֮ʣԪv۵ˡ
ܵ񣬻Ҹڴߵܵܣط˵
ĸ󲻸ˣԪvۻǺܻԹɫģĸɫ
ͤв񡢳Ƶ˵棬Ÿܵ˵ĸأҲˡ
Ԫv۵ĿɿɨС΢졣
ǹܵ˵ǹ¾¼ң˼ҶǹŻɷż⣬ҵãҲﷴġ
Ԫv챻ĸ󡢴ǹ񷨽ĸ˼ĸ½һֱϣڸ
ôҲվĸǱߣ
ϸü壬һԪv۸ҵͷҪ̬
Ԫvۿɲҵ㣬ֻãһΪ˶ѹˡ
ԪvæҵȻֽ֧㣬ʲôʱʲôʱ˭ұ۽㣬ҽнץ
ЦˣĽ֪ˣɲþ
ҹ£ʼȥһ¹﹬һЩ¡
ᵽ¾ڵĺ븣֮УãȥˣȻҪں븣ȡ
Ԫv¾һѺô꣬ǲŵģҲҺó¾ںʵֿؽ㣬űסͷ
˵ֵ꣬Ԫvˣܳƣý㲻ЩҲרȤ˵ƩĳطΪСңͬΪٵݺݲһӡ
ˣǱ߸͢ʹѾ˼ݣٹ͵ˣӢǷ׼εĹһƥʹ͸
һǱʢ˾裬ҪѲԭϵ˵ԭҪȾԱѡƥƷƣ˵Щǿ컨׹ġǧڲԭҲֻеƫϵĻɫ
ֲ͢һƥôҲмƥıŲ档
Ե޹ʵģΪҪʡ
Ԫvۣҽãһƥʲô
аɣͷҾ͸ĸ˵ֵʹܻͣ۸ʹʱҲҪ͸¶ҵĹͣҵ顣
Ԫvۣ
ǡá


138 
³, ԭ׹ʹ˾ǡ
͢񲿹ԱдЩʹȳԪvϳ֮ʱʹٽݼ
, ˹
̫󣺡㶼ֻ³ι, ĪΪʹ
ƥкκÿģЪʱμĸرˡ
̫󣺡˵ﻹǸж
Ů, Ѿ͸ŮС˼
Цſ, ĸļ򣺡, ʹ, Ҫȥ𣿡
̫󣺡ͰˣǱһˡ
һȥ
̫󣺡Լһƥ
ǵŮرϲëѩ׵Ŀ, ȵļ, ȵ۶Ưİʹ͸Ů
̫󿴲ȵۺܶط, ÿÿȵ۶ӵĳ谮̫ҲЩȻ
ҲҪ, ĺŮ, Щһֱŵ͵һƥӺӣóλеܵһƥ
̫ȻŮŮ޶, Ůƽʱ, ѵÿ϶һ, ̫Ҳֵ֧֡
һڹ, ٵĸܵ
ԪvۺЦϽһϷ
, Ԫvȥϳ
͢׳ƳģʱϵȵۣȵۺɫԶȵ۵ţʹǶṧ˵ǰԪv۲Ÿոʮ꣬ݵΣٱһģԽëûĺӣλ˶ɽĲԭĳ
̸εĹΪ׵ʹصϣԪ֮꣬ǿɺΪ˱ʾףأ˰ЭѼƥϵȿ׸ɫһƥǧľ˹Ȼһ֪
֮ϣԪv͢һۣʹһЦǾÿɺ
ʹЦøˣϲؿǿɺĻɺӦҲ᲻ֻƢ̫ңǿɺͼʧܸգɺ˵ֻܱԭ֮ʶǴ׸
ԪvԲ𴽽ǡ
ԸҲ֪ԼʮԶԶɺȣʹô˵뿴Ц
ڴʱ誳УЦŶʹ֪ɺǷԭԽ
ٵĹۣʹҲСȻ˶Ⱦָ
誣ֻѰԣֻɺв
̶һ仰ʹŭˣųһߣӣҪ誶֡
Ԫv۳誵ɶԿɺ񡣡
ųʹ
úÿʱعԽ档
ʹ֪ԭڣ誶ˣټ£ԵǴ³С
ʹغһŲӵǱǷԣȥһ֪
ʣµҲö˵ˣԪvȥӭ̫ٹԼʹǰ
̫󡢻ֻһյĹ
Ԫv۹ǰ̫ٹҲ׹
ʹȻҲĿȴ̫ĸŮɨһ飬ǿԭһСˣԶĸŮȴֶþˡ
й񣬻һһҵĸߣߵĸ̨֮ϣʹֻܱظų͢ںͷ
̨Ѱںϯλʵһм䣬λλʹֱףԱվš
Ԫvۣɡ
漴ߺһ̫νϿʹȥ
꣬еһǣһƥ˹
էһۿȥƥ彡ϸһͻᷢƥ֣֮ʮƥϵȣʣµıǱȽѰɹˣȻԭҲϰʮӣȴôٹǾϡ
⣬һƥëĿǵǣȺġ
һƥƥĳ£ȻȺڣ˵Ŀⶼһʱ䵽쿥ϡ
ʹĺӣΪƥǿɺ׸ϵľ
ԽԽױԴ֮ԪvҲ⣬ƥ쿥νһ顣
֪ʹǾĲԪvȻЦʢƥ쿥еãֱˡ
¾ԣĿͶ
һɣһãСʱһ°ɣ
û⵽¾ڵߣڿƥ쿥
ϱӵʱȻѾҲΪ¾ڷɥȴ￴
ӡϢٱ֪
Ȼ׸ܵܵģܵܵȻҪĸõܵðȻӽǳԡ
ǰ˦˲̶ͬȵˡ
ȻϿĹԡ
ϺǱ󽫣ǰΪԥ췴һ꣬һѣͬ˦ʮ壬˺ܾòָֻж硣
ӧʧܣ˭Ҳ
ʱëԼǵܵܵı磬ʱݣմȾЩܵܵϢԳɹ
Ҳͣսƥ˵ҲڽĹб߹ǣЩһ˫֡
Ҳ۵òᣬͬʱҲ˰ܵȥɲ˳˳ˣǡӦʹĻֻϹԹΪԭЧ
²Ҫʲôɡ
Ŀ¾ڡ
ڵܵǰ޳¾ڵǿ׳ϱӳ¾ûˣⱲúõվȻܻܵ᲻Ҫ¾ȥ
ˤ߹ǣͰˣɳ¾ڣɲģ³¾ˤϵò߹ǡ
ͷ𣬻Ҳðһϸ
ܿ죬ʹ԰쿥ǣԪv
Ԫvû¶ӣҪȥԣȻ͢ڸ󳼾ͳȰˣĹٵ챾οЩҪɾĸǣݵһȰԪvۣҲȫԪv۵棬Щʹǣѹûͷ߶ʲôǾ͵ſԭǵЦ
⣬Ԫv۾Ҫȥˡ
Ȼڣʹǲԭϣѱģ
˶
ʹϲʱҲܿѱķʽ˻жִ׽ͨ
ԭ˻޳ͷǲԭжмˣԣõĻ飬Ѱ֮
׵ȷʵʮ㣬ƥȻǳΪǲˡ
ʹһЦɴˣӲԣǲϽǿɺ
Ըڿɺǰ˵ΪɺЧģֻֿɺ˼ʶϵͷ
ʹЦһ
ٿԼĵܵܣǧιͲŰѵãĴǽԸиƢ˻ұֻ֣é®ΪáϣΪЧǿɺȴ޷ķڷѰĲֻ֪սķİĻµʾ
ʾʿʹķչ鸽ΪҲƴʱϣʰػл˷ҳι֮
Ԫvۣ
أڽⷬ͢ĳȹȥߺӢ
ĹٹˣҲعȥ
̫ЦˣؿŮٶԪv۵Ļǧԭ֮Ǿҳ֮͡
Ԫvۺϲƥϲñ˰ѱѱͲһͣʱϤƥѱһսҰԣ¹ȥ͹Թʹˡ
Ԫv۱ʾ˵Ǵʹ
ʹ۽죬λεεĳ˵


139 
Ԫv˸̨, 쿥ߡ
ȷʵңֻѾץ£ҰԶһЩ, Ͻ»޷ġ
ԪvԽԽ⡣
ʹߥԪv, ԪvȴǳȣЦ䡰ʿס˶Է졣
ƥҲ˵ľԪv۽˰ϵȵʮƥǣ˹
ʮƥ棬ÿһƥǼֵǧ
ԪvۿһȦ, ߵĻϲģ
ǫӢ, 䵽š
Ԫv۵٩, ٰѺʹ͸ߵӢ۾ǡ
˵, Цվмĳ¾һۡ
¾ڣ
һЩЦ¾ڿ
ֻûǱߵĵ͵, лܵܵĺ, ѡ
ʮƥʵѷֲ, ߣĽý, ֻëЩ
һƥڵͷдѩëĿ, ǴذëԲԲһţԵֲ״һ˻, Ҳһδȫŵİװĵ
ƾ䡰ĵ, Ҳϲ
ϸָĶͷ, ͷ, ԪvչһЦƥ, ҿͶԵ
Ԫv۵Ȼ׼ˡ
͢ҪʹԪv۴ڳȥ
ĸĸ첲Ǭ幬ȥ
̫󣺡ô뵽ôһ˵ǣ
һǰҲƥʱܵȥ̫ΣգҪʹǳЦһż뵽ˡ
̫οŮ֣ǰСˣû뵽㻹ⷬڲš
ЦһʱСˣǡ
̫ܺá
ĸĶŶŮɲţӣһǻʵۣһǳǰߵĹǷк˸ʷټضۣŮߣƾȥ֮Լϵʾۣ֮ѾʷŮĸҲ
ĸùţƥ͵ǧ˳
ϲƥǣܷ߿ֿȻʹ鷿ͿͿģѰ˼ŸһӢƥ
ǻԼҪǶһЩʯɴ͸¾ڣŲϲЩڵġ
޸ĸģ֮ǰڻõͼ󣬽Źȥ
ԡԺ紵ͷͼ¾ڴǱ߹ˣһ筺ɫĳۣ޷΢ʪȻƵϴˡ
ʣôô磿
¾ڵڹϿʹϯɢǼʹҪǼȥԹˤӣûȥ
ļ򣺡ˤˣ
¾ڵͷ
֪չˣԭҲټͦΣֻǼʹȣ˶ѷɫ֣糤󵶡
Կû
¾ڣҲǣ첲ץӡɾӮ
ĸ첲
¾ĬĬؿֻڻƵϱʱ΢΢ü˿
ң¡
¾첲ͦ׵ģǼϵӡˡ
Ըҩ
¾£ۣȳˣ¶򣬿ٿ·һԵĴƿ
ԼĨֲǶˡ
¾ش򿪴ƿһ߿ҩһ߶ڻȥӪ㣬ֱƵġ
ܱûǿοҲϲҩζ
¾ڶҪѸҩĨ첲ˣԶһ٣ҲˣҲûôѬ㷴òʧ
㲻ãѬҶûлᡣ
¾ЦЦԹĨҩ
׸ƥȥѱаգ
¾ڣ˲֪˭Զһ׮ҺҲЩһ׮鷳
ĺڣϵǻ˵ʲôƥֻԭ֮Ӳܽ
⻰ǰͷٽܣ˳͢档ˣ񲻳ˡ֮ӡûںεأ
ƣ¾ڶϸҪϣҲ˰̬ܽԴ֤ʲô֮ӡ
ߵҲǲ뿴ʹŵ⣬Ҫ¶ˡ
¾һУ֪ҳˣԺ϶ʵʵ
бһۡ
¾ڼƨҲϿ˴󹦣䶼ûֻ
ЦȷʵǺ
¾ɫ΢䣺Թˣ
ȻƥӦûôӣɲԭǱģҲ֪ȫѱûУһûУͻ⽿ӣ汻˦
ûȻܼԡ
¾ڣڣΪҪԣ
ҵôҲǳӣĲ£
¾ڣΪڷǣǡ
һģܲˣȥ
¾׷Ӻ汧סͷĲྱȻؿ¾ڲŶĶʣǲѡҵģ
ǻ׳״͵ģҪ
¾ڣ͵ܸ͵ıȣҲװ׻Ʒѣǰ׵õģֻҪͣҾ͸ա
Ц¾ƽʱΪ˯ٷȴֱԲظˡ
ȥԣ㲻˳ۣϸ
¾ʲôû˵ֻתݺݵһͨ
Ӻ󣬷˳
Ǻ棬Ҫߣû£С̫ҲҪȻһֱҲҪġ
С̫ʱͺһ
վһԣų¾ڽƥͷƨһ飬סƺֹʲô
ԣȻһ𡣡
뱦Ϥˣ¾ڷϣͬк㱼۶ȥ
ýһɫķѸԶִܿһ
ƵϦϵĳ¾ȫֱ֣ͣڼ֮⣬ſɷӢӡ
֡
û
¾ߣ֡
Žַŵġ
¾ڸһס֣һҸ£һ̣ȹڿлƮ
ŵĻܵػסݵ
¾ķңϰˣ
Ϧʱ򣬻ܵǷ磬Զ졣
˰ȦתӲӵϦ̵޳ֱۡ
ٹٶ֪ǻʹȥйˣ̫
һαϦʱ¾
۾ۣҵ˽£Ǻθɡ
¾ڣУһ˼˵ҵģΪ͵
͵ϻǼƤ멻԰ڣ
¾ڣֻҪͣһҾ԰һΡ

ﹻˣ¾ڱ
ҲӣԳ¾ڵôõְɡ
¾룬ϺΣȣһǲս벻顣

дϣ¾ھæһ
ͷϵѩһţѩ
ĵ̫δؽеóڣѩȻҲһĵȴַѩׯϡ
¾ϸϸƷζƬ̣ٿʱͱζ


140 
ڹԱ˵, ʮѵÿ˯ӣԱǾҪ߶Ҫ, Ҳ˯
뻪ڶӵƽˡ
ƽѮλ븮ۡǴ汲̳, һû䣬˾λҲû֡ƽֲߣ㹻ڿңױ㷢ͼǿѧδǿ˽ʿ, ҵҵص, Ʒٵλá
ˬ, ƽ׼ȥ, ǡ
˯Ͳ𣬳Թ, ʰʰ, ׼š
տ, Ƴүƫͷ, ȿľڳһԵү¾ڡ
¾綼, ٿҲүȾĽģǳ¾ŵƥݵĺɫ
үҪţ
, ¾ھӸµغѵ, Ц¶һڰ
ƽ۽ǵļֱ, , ͢ǸϺΪʮ궼ҡ, Ķô飿
ǰ볤ȥģ
ＵʵҪƽЦʮֹ
¾ڿƵصس¸
ƽЦǺǵصͷЦһֱάֵĳԶ
ҲҿˣףʱôһƥǰҼһƥѰ
ƽص˳һƥ
ӣȻ󳤹ͷתôҲ֮Ͳ»ϼƽϣ
ƽ㶮ʲôʱ˵òȺˣԳѡʹ͡
ӻ򣬶ʮĽ¾иõԼҲг¸ϵı£˵ڱ˾ǣ
.
ӳլ·ĶǴٹ˵ĸۡײ¾Ҳܺ䡣
ȻڳҲĵ
Ĳ˵ǰȥ¾ڶͬҪΪ԰Ϊʲô
ֻǻҲ˵׼԰ڵľġ衱
ûã¸ˡ
͢׸󣬸ŷ˸أֻднҪĹԱԩߵİգŮݷϱԣпһɲ
ˣЩҪ׸ʹϵĳӶʶȤزţ¼ǰҲ徲ġ
ջƻ¾ڱиһˣ֪˽ǻһ¼˾ͻһãŹӭ
ŷϢ˵Ѿսӣ͢ϱŶӶϱŮ˳ȥ
һȿҲſĳ¾ڡ
ۼѡĳ͢²ڡТڣ
ϱߣʵ࣬¾ڵɿĸߵĸףĵɲѰûǧ
Լӽո⿡Ӣһûվȣ
һǧɷߵգһҲһС˭ùһǧӵĶǶٺ»һǮˣǳΪƷѵģ
͵͵ɷ
͢򴽡
²ǿջЦĸ׽͵ĸףҪʹͳ˵ԼãΪĵѡƥԡ
侲볤ûлӾͺã
ߵ¾ҲƵһֱ˳¼ǰŵȻϡѰسĸ״к
͢ؿŶӡ
¾ȥ³
͢Ѹٻƽֹģ
˵ʲôϼϱܳصԣԼöã̫ˣֵá
¾ֻŻ
ĸЦӢۣս佫ʣͲҪǫˡ
ϰЦصݵʱнַ˵ϳ¼ҵðˣ̶Ϊܵĸմ˶ٹ⡣
Цſ򹫵
͢ε컯ֻ֪ǫѷĪҪ̫ˡ
ĸô˵ȴ֪ĸ󳣳Ҫһ㣬ǶҵĳȴǺͿˣ֪˭ġ
͢ϣ
Цſĸ첲ȻҪġ
СԴȳ¸ȥ
ֻŮܿͷֿˣɶɲȥ͢²ڡТҲ
¸ȳĸСôôطˡ
¾ڷֱֶһȦ
͢˿ȣɾ͹Թܵ߿ˡ
һߣ͢ӵ㻹ǻҡ
¾ڣϾͲ˵ʹ͸ҵˣҼȻ˻ʶû֪ҺϲʹͣŲãϷҪǲǿˣ⻹ǸѧģǰȵĴ멣Ҳһ붬͸Ͻϡ
͢
²Ȱףĵ˵ҲЩͱƽˡ
ҪǼƽʲôãػضֻܳĵĵǵǹ롣
͢˺ߣȥ
Ŀ͸׵ӰʧТھֱƥԣǲزסϲ
׼ʱ¾ڿ첽߹ʱץס
Тţ㲻Ҫ̫֣
¾ڣҵģҲ˼Ⱦָ
ТڣһƥôͲ˼ˣ
¾ڣΪѩѩζĵ൱ҵһĵǻСϲϲҲͰˣһҪʮˣ˼
Тڣ
͸ĳ²ڣ
¾ڲǣԸѰѩǣȥǡ
֪ѩĸ󶼲ֻС߬ǣӲǣ⹫Ĺ̬
ТڷһЦ壬㶼ųǹģһôûؼ̽ˣԭֻΪ˹԰ڡ
¾ڣ֪Ƕڳúòãֻۼҹжãǲܷġ
ТڣƤԽԽˣ֬ĺƤҲԿסﶬķ˪
¾ڣҲͣҾ͸ɩиһֱ㡣
²üͷһ壺ĸ
Тڼˣ㻹İвң֪ɩ󡣡
²ڰܵܶѵһ٣²ΪЦҲС
¾ڣģҿɲ磬˭Ц顣
Тڣ
.
ϣ¾ƥޱȵİѩ۵糸˴ĸ˦ԶӰӡ
ӪʿǼүԣ۾һ֪үƽ׽ˣһĽ
¾Цӣصͳģҡ
Ӫʿǣ
¾ڽûãǧ±ϱȿֺܵߣһԵķɡ
ڰѩդ⣬ߺţԣ˵ˣ˭͵һëһ
ʿǺôЦ
ЦЦ֪Լָʹس͵ƥԣҲʵʵء
ת۵˰ʮҪˡ
컹ţ¾Űѩǰʳǣչһӣӭײһƥ϶誡
¾޶ãԭٶȼǰС
ıǳ¾ֱͦıӰԼƥԻԲ˶룬ҹɵػζš
ÿƥɲ֪Ϊʲô¾ŵ·Ҳ¶˶볰Ц
誰߬


141 
¾ϲ, ԪvҲƥ챦֣ÿ춼Ҫȥǿ˸ݵ֡롣
ﻪ¾, ԪvۻŽȥĻ롣
˵İѩǽ͵Ԫv۴ż
üô, 
ԪvۣǺֻڣѩ̫䡣
ʵëëû̫ϵؼڰѩһĵǺǹ, ź, һ㶼ûп顣
Ԫv۲², Լ, ϶ỻġ
Ϊͬؿ۳¾ڡ
¾ڸ͵ɫȷʵ̫ʣѩܳͷİë, ⾳, ȳ¶ˡ
Ԫvһʲô
¶, ߿·Ҫ
¾ڿųıӰ, һЦ, شϣáϺڡͦãС
Ԫvۣ
Ȼ֪Сʱ򲻰飬ûг²ڡТڵĺĲ, ϺڡҲ̫ʵ޻Щ
ΪԪvϲ, ѱѱҲʮ, Ͼֻһƥ, ˺óԺúȵź, 춼˸ˢëżٸ棬ѮԹԳԪvǰˡ
ԪvҲǵӴѱǣȦʵʵģԼ
ǿˣ֪µ̫ѵһ١
ԪvҶΪãû̫⡣
գ͢ڿʱԪv۸ȥɽԡ
͢ԾСϾǰλʵ۶Ǻþģδ޹ʲôԡ
Ԫv۲ʮ꣬ģһʱʲô˭
Ԫv֪ĹǣЦЦƹߵ͢ǰֱ̧˱˵ļ򣺡ֻˣĹ٣ȺƽľӶ࣬ްĸǲˣһֱ޵С
͢ҡ
Ԫv۷վֱøص޾ãҪʰգҲþ߱ԣҪҳǿдԸֻʼչڹУ޸֮ھԶҪηηκ½ʿ
͢ϵĻֻǻϵϵɽ𢣬Ȳòҳǵã꣬ȵ۳ڹУϱȰȵ۰ϧ壬ִԣɽ·͹ۣΣԶʤڹΪӣܲȰɣ
Ԫv۰һ˻ϣˣڿΰɡ
͢ףʼ顣
ԪvȻЪԵ˼Ҳ¶ʮգöԪv԰һȦͻȻȥ誡¾ڽ
ǵʹԪv˵һģԪv۵Ȼ׽Լı
ø¾ȵˡ
ԪvۿЦЦ壬ι䣬޻ΪҪӳϹ
ֻڹŵɣԽΪĽ鲻ʱĽе㼵ʵζ
Գ¾ھͲؿˡ
¾ڲޱϲ黭һϲֻͨܳһ㳤̤ֻ䣬ˣճֻ㳤ڻ԰й䣬ϲȥʱΪ˵ѵ⣬Ҫл泼Χ
Ԫvۣεˣ
¾ͷøˣ͵볤еرߣҶѾƣһƬ㡣ӽʫб֮Уգ˵ͦõģԽźԣζãֹͨкƢθ뵽ǵûиˣ
Ԫvۣ
绨ѩµʱһֻųԣʲôֹͨкܸ˲Ź֣
Ԫvۼ¾ڵı챿࣬־ôΪЦҡҡͷ誻ûȸ¾Թ˳͢һͨ
Ԫv۵Ҫ¾ǰ׵˵˳˼׵
һֱǹվԪv۶ĳ¾ڣ˿̧ͷĿЩӵؿ˹
Ԫvۿ˼Ľ
Ľ
⣺ʲô񣿡
¾ڿЦ´ոջϵĻгһ׮¡
Ԫvۣʲô£
¾ڵʱ¡과Ҳʮɣϼ̫̫ʱﶼھǣ̫̫ʹˣҲܲˣǶҲǸƢҹʳĶԣϼңʲôʲô˭Ҫǳ㵽ɽżǻҲָֻš
ԪvЦЦ۵ӹһỊ̃µ¾Ҫ˵
¾ڼһΣɽϼҵɽǰɽûʲôΣյޣԸգ첻µزµġճʱտѣͻȻܳһߣҪڵ϶£ֻǵʱ׼ܾ֮±ֱֱ֣شһɶߵˤڵء
ԪvۿͿʣˤˣ
¾ҡҡͷ϶ѻ˺һҶұסһֻȹۣ첲Ҳ֦ƣ˺ܶѪ
˵ţ¾ڣ¶ұڲһֻһϸϸҰ׺ۼľˡ
Ԫv۱Ϊģ˺ۣ׾Ȼô׮¡
ȹۣ߲ˣ
¾ڣǣǿ߼۵ܲˣֻԱڵϣһڡ
ԪvԼһ䵽ǰ㾳أΧȫǻɽҰ룬Ұ޳ţëˡ
¾ڣϵǴЩɽһһҹϵ˾Ѱˣұɽ˺ϲȥɽ˭Ҳܲҡɻ֪Ź۵ɽҹʱʲô𣿡
̸ʱ£Ԫvֺܽ¾ڲ֪𱰣ҲԳƳˡ
Ԫv۸ûСڣʣʲô
¾ЦЦһҶҼͷӣѵңҲһܻ֮ϼңҲϼңͲɽҲɽͲˤһھǣҲԱ꺮ůչң룬ɽͷӴҲһᣬô࣬гϢ
ȻЦԪv۷·𿴵Ǹɽ¾ڣһһǨŭ׵һǨŭһ׵ԸǸãȻͰ͵صᡣ
ţԪvۺȻ׸ոճ¾ΪλĽ͢Ȱˡ
ðʲôʱ򣬳͢ţ¾ϼðʱﶼߡ
Ůģᷳʱʱ̱̿Լ̣ܽʲô£һʱ뵽Ҳǳϣܼʱæϣϸߡ
ԪvСʱ͢Ҳιҩ̫ӣ͢Ҳº͹һ棬ɳ¾׵ܵģֻɣ
ζӳ£Ԫvۺ޺޵ص˳¾һۣΪ޲֪ڹ˵û
¾ڣˣŲں»ϼԣһˣ϶Ҫ޵Ҳ۵ǡ
Ԫvۣɽôֻܹһˣƾʲôȥһξͻ£
¾ڣ᲻޹أǹĻϵ̫ˣĽǶģҲ̫ǰһԼϵҲгôǻĽ㣬̽ǣңϧ࣬ûн㣬ֻ紦ѹһͷ
Ԫvۣ
ôһȣȷʵȳ¾ڹ˰
¾ڣԣʵ԰ôʩչ֣˵ЩȸССɵÿɿˣ˲Եü˵á
Ԫvۿңһ֦ҵһֻȸ
ֻ˵ģû˵ĸΪ䵽ȸӢۡ
¾ڣԡ
ԪvСֻ̫ȸಡһɳȥˣȸҲˡ
¾ڽһͷ׼ݵزȸĲϣһͷ䡣
Ԫvۣ
¾ļ򣺡ϲ٣ɽ߰ٲĺù򡣡
Ԫvۣ
㻹һ㶼ǫ鰡
ڽľǳ¾ڴԪvȸ


142 
誳ʱ, ¾Ԫvվ԰мľɽ֮ϡ
վø߿Զ誾뾰ɽһξ룬¾Ҳˡ
¾΢򴽽, Ҳ͸ϲֱԪv̽, ¾ڲѸɫװµؼѰҵȸ
Ԫvʾ̫Ҫţų¾ԶЩɻʣĪǲϲ誣
¾ϵңݴ, 볤ı, ʮ־
Ԫvۺ˺ߣƭ, ֪õ
¾ڵʱޱȸӡ
Ԫvٰ, ֻ֪֮νӣʲô
¾ڣҲûʲô, ֹֻһЩڽ, ԹЩԵóխ
ԪvۣǺ£
¾Щԥ, Ԫvۣ̽ǳ˵, Ҫ泼, ܸ̫Ҳܸ߳Ǹƫݴ, , Ͽ϶Ҳ׺ݴ, ǲ˵ˡ
Ԫv۵θѾ, ۿѾߵɽ, ûһҪˣæҽ򣬽ĺӻ޵޵Ȼƫ㣬㵫˵޷誣޻ѵ
¾ڣ𣬻ϲﳼ֪ˣǧ𽫴ִִˣǼͷҪһ١
ԪvۣУ޶ˣ˵
¾Ƴɽ£ŵԣ˿ףǰǰݴ˼ʳ㳤ȥΪ̫ףʮ٣ݴ볼ͬƣȶˣȥ֣Ҳ˹ȥҳĲ磬òھ˼Сţóѹϣѵ㣬ã˵ʲôǸϵĶӣ涼ϴָʹ
Ԫvۣ
һı磬һӢ䲻ĽǰǱõģ˽¾Ȼھ֣
¾أԵȻݴ˵ʵɴҶݣ⻰Ҳ̫ˣǲǹȻ򳼵ƫװһѳֵܵӣûôأҲݲõϷҪǹ˼볤ı磬ҶԳʵЦһȭȥ
ԪvĿɿڴ
¾ڵǵò᲻Űɣ˵ԽֿӵԽϷ˵磬Сʱȥ棬±ͷߥ޳ȥȳ˱ͷͷ˵Ϊչ˳ͷӵȻֻһˣܵܣ
Ԫvۣ
ТھȻ̽ɣ
ʱˡ
¾ڱվţԪvʹɫʳΪλֳͣ˵ʵǧЩ߳϶ŵģΪǰڮλֳǳڼĴӼѡ
ԪvۣģԶš
΢Цʣʲô
¾ҵļ£޹ء
εҡҡͷԪvۣ֪ٳкηԸ
ԪvΪܳԶ鲻ݣЩȻףֻ߷ơ
ݷѾ¾ŽˣԪv۲ᣬ͵ָһ
調۳¾ڣǫ죬ڣͲ׳ˡ
¾Ӳصݴ˹ĹԼģȵݴʦָ㡣
ԪvĬĬؿ˻വ
¾ڵĴһ誾̬ʮ㣬άҲĳ⡣
Ԫvۼ̫Ŀڲһˡ
ȾǳϵĹǣ¹βͣҪίߵʱ򣬿Ҳܿ컨׹
ϲŵʱ򣬳͢ˣϵĲ̫±͢ж飿
СͱһȺ߻湦Χţ¾ڱԪv۽Ӵָ֮һ
Ϊ˱¾ڵ飬ԪvҲὫոյĶԻκˣó¾ڰĸ͢ѵ⣬Ҳǰø
ǶҪǫˣȱȰɣڣɽϣ˭Եȸ࣬ޱ˭ļãʹ͡
Ԫvۻһ䣬¾ڱŹȳˡ
誶֮ǰԪvɽͤãⱻǵļ˵
Ԫv۴ȥͤ켸С̫Χͤ⡣
Ԫv۸Լһ裬Ժﻹǳ¾ڶ誵Ĳ
Ԫvƫų¾ڵһ֮ʣǳ¾ʵûбҪѣʲôҲø誰˴ŵĿ֮
ԣ誵ĶĲ󰡣ȻΪһԵӮʳ¾ڣƾӣ˵ȴС֮ԡ
¾մ˳͢Ĺǲ٣課ҲմĸĹ⣿
Ϊ誶ô£ʵǸ䲻ġ
ԪvۻǸϲ¾ʵˡ
Ӻ󣬳¾ڡ誻ˡ
¾һֻ֧߰ȸȸ״ţ¾Ҳ
誺ţֻȸĳһԵֻǵĽţֻȸػߡ
üʰ·硣
調۳¾ڵջ񣬲ضԪv۵
ԪvԽζ佫Ҫɱɱװʲôţֲǽ㣬ȸҪ˻һ¡
޹ŰɡԪv۹ʵص
ɫ糣¾ֹ
ԪvۣҪģ
¾ڿ˿ȣʱͳһϲģý軨׷𡣡
Ԫv۲˶٣Բȥڿǲ¼һ˫ȥ͸
ȥ졣
¾ڳɵ᲻̫Ʒˣ
ԪvۣҪֽ㻶ģͲֻϽ͡
˵꣬誻һվţƺ˵ʲôԪv۰ڰ֣¡
ˡ
¾ڿԶٿԪvۣʣϲΪĻݴ˴˽ٰɣ
Ԫvۣ㲻ˣ
¾ɫݴ볼ֻһʱ֮Գ͢ȴĹ˵Щֻϣ½⳼ݴ˵ʹݴ˱䣬ǳĲˡ
ԪvЦЦģֲǹ˽ֻ֣ȷʵûˣŽ¡
¾˿
Ժ󣬲һ̴ֻľϻϹˣСطŵԪvǰʯϡ
Ԫv۴ϻӣг¾ڹ
¾ڿ̽ͷһƣͼϻһˮɫĳУ沢Űֻڴİ
¾ˣ覵ġ޵ˡ
ٿԪvۣһ͹ˣһ䣿
Ԫvۣ㣬Ͻûȥֺý㡣
¾ڱлʶǰСպϻӣڻһһʰ¡
ԪvۿصĲˣЦҡҡͷ
Ҳǳ¼ҵ̲㣬¾ڲŻʹͣСŵĹӣƵ֪١
.

¾ͻȻԪv۽ߣ԰ܷ
ϣһɹ̫һĥʲô£û뵽¾ڽҪΪױ
ϲ˫ֻ֣ܵΪ㣿
¾ھͰռԪv۵ǷԻ˵ˣǾǣĽٸڻ԰ͬΣ
бһۣ˭ˣο˵ҲȫǼٻȷʵֻųź
¾ڣҪٲŽŷͷ㣬ϸ¶ţһ۾֮
ûôɵһʣȥôãܻܵ˵ʲô
¾ڣû˵ʲôˣȸҴĶ࣬ҪţֲϡһٷŸϲĶ
㻹ǵ󣬸ҸҪ󡣡
¾ڿİӳգЦӴ󣬻һҪֺ㣬ȻԸϡ
۾¶Ц
¾˫ֳľϻߣƯ촽
ܿôȸûϴְɣ
¾ڣֲ㡣
ҲУȥϴɾҲ
ÿǵķٶһЩɳ
ݲһ覴ã¾ֻ齣ȥʰԼ
Խѹʱ򣬲ԽûŮһѵãԽҪ׵˽ǣѡ


143 
µ, ǳһ׮˵󲻴˵СС¡
ڸλ֮еϲˣʮꡣ
Ǹˣټ͸没, һˣٹҲû̫, нķ׷׵ŵ䡣
¾ûʲô飬ֻǽλϣҲ뵽Լҵϵͷӡ
ȻͷŻӲʣģҲ֪ܻܲϡ
¾ߺ˼, ڰ, ȻԱߵĳ̾˿, һ, Լûв
¾תӺ汧ס̾ʲô
Ѿܾ, ֲʲô, Ϊ˯, Զ˶٣ŵϡ
¾ڣ϶Ҫƽ, ߵʱ㻹ȥ븣¡
ûһġ
¾ڣֽϧˣ
ߵ˼ͦЦ, Сʱһȥڸ棬˶, ֻ˼ҰҵѰС￴, Цеظҽÿ춼Ҫʲô
¾ڣ㼸ꣿǼͷڲڣ
, Ҳ, սڸһ, ǳ
¾ڣãô͵üˡ
šһ£˵Ȼʱǳ󣬿ɹţԻӡ̵ĸʵǹˡ
¾֣꣬ʮһϼɽܡ
̸ȥģȫûйɣ˯ţǰôԼġ
¾ȴû§ﲻȥݷүһԸҵϱ
үû󡣡
¾Ķࣺôûүҿ˸Ůҡ
ץ档
Ҳ֪ĴЩŪﶼġ
.
ϼҵɥ볤޹أʮ³˵İѵûԼȳԣų¾ڻһĳ档
䣬ȣɵˮڶģ˳¾ڵ
¾ںһ̧ͷʱѸٴθոĿӡ
¾ЦǲĥΪ
ֻϱӵĽհˡ
Դӳ¾սҲ׼ס֣ʱǲˣʹػᰲųڽԡ
ȻûҪ棬ߵˣֻΪϸ󣬻ϧ񿴹
ֱӻǼҰɣȥµص
¾ɫһ䣺ȥʲôȫΪ
㲻ϲ԰ųԽԽã
¾ڣһҶϲ԰ڣɼﺢǶĵˣΨҪȫһ磬ƤҲܲˡ
˵ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ҲҪȫΪ
ЦˣƫҪһ˶Ϊ
ϱӵգǳ¼Ϊһӣ˱껪ƫҪ¼˻Ц
ֹǽ꣬Ժÿһ¾ǳ¼£ǷиõİţȻ¾ڻؼңһԲ
¾ڻΪŸɣû뵽һʱſʱҪ˯ȥʱûֱӻس¸
¾̽Ҳȥ
۾ǲ˵ɣֻϹ˹촽Ĳӣڳ¾һ֮ʣҧ
¾ֻЭˡ
ز糯״磬ǵýֵͻȥǶŶӿյȡ
¾ڣ
컹ţ¾ˣΪ糯ٿʱڼ緹ǰ
Ĳ粻󳼵Ķ鶼һ롣
͢׸²ҲƷ䣬һվǰ棬һм俿ǰλá
ֻгТڣƷɽ˾£վĹٶ棬ͬŵ̸ʲô
¾ڵ˿ȡ
˵Тˣмĳ²ڶۡ
¾ֻݸɫ
ТλͬŸ߳
¾ھվԱβ͵м䣬ò߲͵磬˵Ҫһؼҹɢס˵һǱȥ̫
Тڣ
Ŷ͵һЩԱ
ϣӹžͳ¾һݰɣ׸ȥõһѾʮԵĶӣ
¾ڵǹǷעҪس¸ͷӼҲעҪȥ˲²ǲҪıʲô󷽷˵
ТҲܵܵĻװԴǵѵܵܣˣ˼ȫΪ
¾ڣҿûйޣ̸СʱԼݵǼ꣬ϧңҪΪҲٳ֡
ТڣɣҶӶˣ
һ䣬ض顣
¾ںλá
˲֪ǿЦĳ¾ڵƨΪף
ǣ͢²ھ֪ôˡ
ǸӣԱҲһΪ˳¾ڹڳǰԹСʱĲ³УҪ¸Ϊ¾ڷزٳһ硣
Ϣ÷ɿ죬̫͢ԪvǰʱĸҲ֪
̫ԣ鷳ˣÿһҲŻؼңȷʵҲðϧ壬ʱ͡
ֶ̫͢ϱֻԼŻʼҵĶԽݣȥһϼӹ̡ܽ
ԪvЦͲҪɨˣЩظײŶԡ
̫΢Цס
ֻ͢Ӧ¡
ֵʱһֻ͢ǵӣͱϵ٩ˣȥ
ȳ͢˹ͼӡӶš
¸
ͦ˵ģûôֻ࣬öӶϱã͵ģ磬һԲ¼ֲǳԲ
᣺ﲻֻƫĵܣҲүү£
ЦеǵøǸͬ˲С
Цˣĸ͸Ұѳ²ڡТڽе鷿ѵһ٣ʶǲǼʵܵˡ
ڻߣҲЦ
֮󣬳¾͢үǰŻصĸ¾ڸһЩ͢үҲˡ
͢ȵһۡ
¾ڲεؿ
Цų񣺡˵ڸæðȻûŸ״ɣ
͢Ѿ֪Ը⻤ģް
ĸȥ˳󣬼ҲʽʼҶĬûʲô˵г¾ĻֻһԲ
󣬻ų¾ǵס棬϶һҲ֮顣
ЦŶԳ͢ףϱò壬ֲҵĶ֣֪ɷ븸״ͽ̡
¾ڣ
͢ӣѾԤ̡
һѼݸ¾ڣߵĻָ֦޼ˣڣ֡
¾ڱ֪Ųǻһͷ塣
ؿ˻һۣĸߵϱߴ°ŵļǰĸĸ֦ͼĸ
Ѿ߶̰ںãͷ£ſںص޲Ӵ赲ĺ硣
ﻹͦů͵ġ
󣬻۹ǰĳףףڸֻʣλϣϱ£ǲҪƼµĹԱˣ
ֻ̣͢ͷȷʵˣкʵѡټ
ϱȥΪ¼ұ־룬ģĲף˭Ҳӡ
һ곣йԱڸڸһãϱƲ⣬θ׻ƼһλĴ󳼡
͢ϻۣȷд⡣
ǰ׸ԭδܳ¡ʹˣдٳɰ̸֮ȻǸ׸ɵȴҲ֧ĸĸǵѡ֮һ
͢Ҫӵֺضס
֪ǰĳϱֻòݣȴû뵽µô׼
˹е֮
Ϊⶼϱӷģֻǿ˽лһѡ
ڣװŪĴˣƤҲ١
ô붼νҪģֹֹͣҪ㹫δ׸


144 
ǾͿ, Σ
͢ºӣ̧˶ϱһۡ
ӭߣɫȻϱΪ, ͹Բ¸ĸܵ, Ψհһ˺˸ĸ׸ͶʱҲܺԥرĸĸҵ, תȥӭЩĴ, һɵ·
͢һź, Ĵָʳָ֮, š
ϱɣǺ˵
, ֻСһ, ʱ, Ҳˣδܻ
, ܺĸĸ, վˣôЩˣЩҲɢ
䱻δ, һЩԸΪ֮, Ȼ۲졣
͢ûзԶϱ, ֻĬĬ塣
ϡ¾ȻվԶ, һ, ԶȥֻҪ˵̸ġ
͢һĬĸ߾ڰˡ
¾ҪͷǲǱͷˣûίȻ΢һͱקס첲Ϲ͡
û˵ʲôϾͻͬʲôһŰӣƽ͵صףദˣҲѧֱڿëľ仰ðˣൣ
¾ڼһᣬһ亣Ļ
͢Ц˵޷
ϵУڵҲģֻϲܻԤϵ⣬ϱȻϣܳ꣬ɶϱֲòǣһʲô£䣬˭ܼ̳²֧֡޲ߵܵĸĸ
͢
ϴϱϱô͢ſϱƫƫڶǳ
Ͽ˿ȣźĻ˵ͻȻ̫ҽˣҲ֪ҽû
¾ڣ˼ͷ飬ʱӦˣͷЩٹˣθҪ£ٱ˼ϰ£˱顣
͢
ʱٷҲɷǵĳ¸ϳ׸Ⱳѿʱβһ¡
˵˱ϣĻȻ˵㣬ȴҲʵ
̾͢ЭѵΣΪ˭ɣ
׼ϱҪټˣ°˲֪Ǻʹˡ
͢
ߴѹֲסЦ˭
ܶ͢Գʾֻװյӣ޶Ǳüͷ
ǿЦ⡣
ϡͣλԭӵ׸빫͡
ȴκεɣ빫ͬƽʿ깫״Ԫ۱Ǻ͡
൱ҲƣԸǿΪΡ
ֻ״Ԫ۵Ȼͬ
һöڱҪʱ躹ޣҲԲҲʣֱΪڸ׸չԵϵһ档
ȴһѷâ¶ıԼĲأӵͬʱ̰ӴĻүү͵ʮƪ
ж޺ͣٳϾжżΪ͵۾ݲΪߵһ覴á
֪²ڿ״ԪͱͰһȳТ׼μӴǵʱ򣬺͸ֱӸʱҲڵдһţҪϲҪ˽֮⣬ɳ²ڡТڶǿϵ״Ԫ̽
͵Ӿʹ˽£ڸ׸ְʱΪ˵չ٣󣬴ܲ˺͵ƢҲֻúڵطְ
ͶԹļĸе֧еķԣΪĸĸֻǸѥɦ̣֮ܶǲ̫ƵϹӣ깫ء깫һ޷ʱһ߼ѥɦһֻϣڵֱҲǸĸ˳ɹĵط
⳯͢ʱͼÿһ͵ǣȫ湫˵ġ
ϧûܰ¼ңԼҲصƫԶ֮ء
ףúδΣЦʡ
͢Ѻӣεµһٴù٣㳼Ҳܷϣǣټ󣬿ٳ˶Ҫһ飬иĸ
ĸҪطԱȥʵģͿ˭˳ֻۣҡ
׸δõµĹԱ׻ܵ˵㣬ԺֻͣҪĸ֣ôգ϶ȥܱһԶٳֻŰܿȴʲô˵ǿϱ᲻ס
͢Ͽɳĸĸ
ϿĸĸҲϿɣǶİţһҪĸĸķ棬˼ǲ֮ϱ֪ѻ볯͢ڵһλǰѰշڵһλôк͸װ©ȱ
˵ɷЧȻΪطƶÿɵĸвصĹԱල󻧶žٽ©ɣ̰ƽʱТǲ֣ȥȰնཻ˰ƵһЩղòʧ̰٣Ҫĳȥ壬кڳ͢Ҳ°նĸĸġ
͢һ˴
ʥˣ㵽ʱΪ˴ﵽһռĿ꣬òһЩ覴á
ΪΪôط٣ÿ˶ϸǻ͵ˣǻѹա
ЩĴ
ͷӲˣһΪΪ񣬶ϱľҪȵۣΪֻ֤¹Ա˶׵Ĵ˽Ϊ˴ֻ֣ѡǨͣɸײǹһˣкͿЭЭⳡĸеøӳס
͢ŴۣҲˡ
ͷӲСӣ弸ܺã룬ϵİȫߣ·һţк֮⣺׵ĺ䣬֪Ű˭
̧͢ȥ
һŰ壬ĺ壬Ȼɢ˵İһ泤ưüۣһ繬Ԫvۡ
ʵĸܹжã͡͵ˣֻ
˿ǿŰ塣
͢иɢˣóϷصͷڳϬ⡣
Ҳǣ٣ԹɫǵıӰ죬ֱǳ죬ױκҡ
͢ɫأǡ
ôϣֻһ˵滰ģҪôֻ֧ظ˼Ҫô֧ȴǰǵιԣ˵׸ϣֹ߲ȫֵ׸һʱʱܽ伲תİ֮
͢ͻȻϯ°ڣĳȥս̻壬ġ
˼ҵĹǰӯڽ޵ǶϱлΪ͢ΪΪҹͣûϱ֪ⷬö˭˵ϱټͣҲϣиԸİǣֻǶһеЩ˵ķ̰ޣҲԼվǰǿ
͢һ˵ۿ
ۿ˶ҪᣬߺȻ¾ڵЦδֻ֪ǽ˵ģҪҹʰ·

͢
һĨᣬһصشڶϣ


145 
¸ϵϧ, еᣬүһ嵭ˡ
͢ĬĬƽ, źۼմմ۽ǡ
ϣһŰӶӡ
͢ɫؽȫɨ, ˫ǿŰڶİƣԿĳ˾ֳǳҲ֪ˣɫ磬ȥЪϢ, ճ, ʱ򡣡
˸۽ǵơ˿, һɬ
ܹһߵ, ܲζ
ֻ°ضڷҡУԽԽ, ԽԽ, ڻүүѾ벻öѳＯĵز, ̰⻼, ܵ岻ס͢, վʱиĸֶܼ͢ã
̫˼Ϊܶ£޷ǰ, ӡ
ĸĸЩδܹ˼ĵط, ЧҲǷǳ, ڵطٲѷ, , ܹ̱߷ڹҽ
Ӳܰ£ûӣҲ粽С
ִ֣ǣһȫ龫ҹͣϱֻ֮Թ۵һЩδܹ˼ϸ֦ĩڣҪβ֣ҪףϱҲԸ׵Ӯ塣
ʵصйԶڹǰ˵ֻΪ˾ټͣûаֹ˼
͢ЦЦޣսֻΪȷ棬ͳ˧ؽ¹ġҡ
ȷӮˣʿ븸װϧ壬ȷ졣
͢
ʮģϰɣΪγǵ᳤ٵ
ţ͢뵽ȵۣһǱȵ۵˵ˣŵҲͻȻ¡
ҲܵĵǼ侴صģԼ׽岮֡
͢æģһֱ̫ҽڵ򡣡
Ѿֹͣ޼Եĸ
ƲƲ죬һɹģǿǿҲɡ
͢
ЦԺмලˣиٸҡ
ֻӦ¡
ٿ¾ڡ
¾һǷǮӣˣ£̣
һۣٳϵ𣬳ȥ
ת͢ϵ۵һ𳯶ӷȥ
¾ھԸϻ
ɢʱѾһ죬ʱҹɫŨ
¾ڰﻪ޲ӣϯǵĳѰ϶˷˹ֱýޱȵĳ۾üĻиո뱾׸´ֵׯȻ
÷ʱû磬ʶûд
ҺãõĳϸСѾ˶ԺĳƱš
Ƽӳǰϵö϶ñҲʱһë֡
æµϣת׼ǵĳ͢޵Ͼͱˣһˣؼ⡣
УҲ߰ɣ궬䡣
ͷų¾ˡ
˴ãһƬڣûвµҲϢˡ
粻ϵعţĵҡҡλΡ
Ƴ۳¾ڣȴͦ˱ֱôĲ¶棬һ㶼ӡ
ұ㣿¾ںȻͣ
ʶؿҡ
¾ڣô䣬Ů·Ҳû˭ðŷ㡣
˫ںëһš
ſϣ˫ƹĲӣţɵĺëǡų¾ڵĲӣҲůů͡
¾Цˣ֪ΪҪ𣿡
ߵ㵲󱳵ķ硣
ɲ˵һ죬϶ҪЩġ
ˣ¾ֻõǳȷʵ
ҼͷöñסӺ洵ķ磬ò˵
¾Ҳߵ÷ɿ죬쵽ƲòСܸôһܣҲûôˡ
ãˮѾ׼ˣ¾ڷֱϴٲߣһһͭ裬һݽš
Ѿ£ҲϨˣ¾ڱȿĻڳů˹
¾ڿʼˣͷ壬Ϊ˸
棬Ҳ棬һ˫󡣡
¾ڣһĶãҲϡ
ô˵
¾ڣ顣

¾촽ģġ
ֺȻ£ľӣڡ
ûʲôĺˣôãǲϰ֣ǻ»ҹɬ
¾һŲƽٿסĺԣȥ
٩٩̸ĳȴȫмܲ˸ϵĶӣ󱻿۽¡
¹ˣ
ѾݹסҲһ룬ҲûнѾԤ
¾ڲòͣˡ
ͷӵĴףʱ⣬ôţᵽʡ
Ҳˣʲôģ
¾ڣ㶼û¹壬Ҫڮղ㡣
ѿ׵ĻӣҲƽϡ
¾ڣµ˵ѧֱڿëǻ˵ѹֺδҲ㶢ϡ
ҵҪʱҵ׼㲻뵣£ǻü
¾ڣ㻹Ϊᡣ
ΪǸϣΪ͢Ĳס
¾ڣΪҵʱΪΣ
˶٣Ϊսϵ佫ҲΪ͢ԡѪɱС
¾ڣ绹һҲûΪᣬΨҵ񣬿϶Եʡ
Цˣݼڰɣ㲻֪ˣ
¾ڣ
΢΢ҧ촽
Ҳҧ˵˵
˭Ҳûҧҧž׵һ̵ļ硣
׵춼ˣ˲ٴͣ
¾Լһ
˵һ֣ˡ
¾ڣ˵ģΪôźδˣȻԲͷѹţҲڲʲôˡδ񲻼٣ͷȴâ˹ǲסδھΪʱ䲻ֻ˵δ˽˵ɣҲֻͷҡ
ʱ¾ֱ
޳ָʣ˵Ҳòͳõ£
¾ڣǣһΪδ˸ĸңܡ
ܵȥû游ײ©ȱЩطһһȥѹΰգ׹˵Ǵ֣ԱΪ˰նܲģֻ뵽δˣ˵иõѡǣøʲôǶԵģɷЩ׶˸ֵһ᣿
¾ڣ
ʵֻ̽̽ǲԤ֪ʲôƩͷĻͣû뵽ô棬Ҫˡ
ûУ뷨ܺãȷʵ˴ͷӵ磬Ϊܡ
˭Ҫ츸׵磬ϣδƸ׵ĸĸ
¾ڣţͷˣ˭ҲԽͷӡ
š
ȴ˿³¾ٸʵףҪ͵ӡ
˵Ѿˣֻɵ˯һ


146 
һ˯, ϳ¾Ҫʱ㹻Сģˡ
ʶ§ס, Ҳ˹ȥ
¾һ
ʮһλᾪ, ʱͺ᲻ůġӡ
¾תﱧ˱ҵķ˿Ĳྱ
, з, ļ, ƫͷٸһ멡
ϴ͵Ѿ, ڻѾھɵˡ
¾ڣãͷһܴʮ, ֻ·, ûƼ, ֻҪܵ磬Ǿɶûϵ, һӶû
԰ڵĺ, Ǵ멵Ļ
Ҳ㣬õ㣬ĵġ
¾ڣѾ, һƥ, ·ʡʱ
ǰîʱһ, Զ˯ӡ
˵ʲô, ¾ڸ, ñӹͷʹһڣ˴
ӰʧҲ˯ţһڲµı뵽빫̸
̬ȣӦòپټڸ˰ɣ
.
ʮѮ͢һԪv̫ۡټλڸ󳼣ֱʱ½ǬԼϾҶʷ͡
ǰλھǵ٣̫Ԫv۶ϤҲŴμνΨͣȻ£ȴھ٣š
ԪvѾ͵ĴҲϲĴٴù٣ֻ֮ǰгӾټ뾩͢˷ˣ̫Ҳ޳ú棬Ԫv۱ʲôû˵
γ͢ȻֱӾټڸԪvۺ֣ʣ֮ǰ˵͹ڹֱңÿһؾǵòٹԱ׷ǣκͿаĸУôҪˣ
̫ͬų͢
ֱ͢ĸһۣԲ԰׵¶һĨĿʮֳϿң͵ǰúͣµطԱηĸҪеĹԱǰ̣ĵ񿼳ɷѾгЧȻڲֹԱ̻ǿѹգΪ˳̰͢ǵֶΣԹصκͣҪⲿִԲ̰ٶ٣ͬʱ°֮٣ﰲȣ곯͢ʱܱᡣ
̫صͷ˼ȫ
Ԫvۼʣ˵ͣͲ󴦴Ÿɣң
͢Цˣףͬ״Ԫۣ־ڱֻ鲻ͬѣʱ򣬳ϲͱȫϲܱԲѮǿǵһȵĴ£෴ˣֲ֮
ԪvۿŶݿ͵ĳ¸ϣһʱЩİ
еĳ¸ϣ˵һЩڸĸһȴԵϣκγӷ
գΪƸĸΪٰ̰գ͢ȴԸ⽫һڸ˽׵ͷν
͢ƺʵ۵̽һ֪ϡǷ޳󣿡
̫ӣϾΣ
Ԫv۵ͷɣ۹⡣
͢ˡ
̫ңʶӣƺܳԾƼѡ
Ԫvۣ˶ãǾøϺˡ
̫̾һǰǰúͣˣܶ뷨Ҳűɡ
Ԫv۹ʹ뵽˸ʡ
Ҳʮͷݱģ͢ͷ˺ܶ࡭
ԪvۺȻȥ
ƻһɽҹɫܿ
ԪvֻŲС̫࣬Ԩ
˻ûнĺͣεϡ½Ѿˣ͢һ¡
Ԫvڴֽ˸ս￴
͢׸м䣬Ȼ׸һſţλϡ
͢ϰ˸߸һۡ飬УżλЩ⡣
óλ϶ηֻҪ͢ǱʲôϿ϶Ҫ̧ͷȥ
ֵʱ䣬͢ûһҪߵ˼½ĳʹɫһָ
ݳ͢ƽʱʱ䣬Ԫv۲²⣬ϵ˼ǣ͢ٻҪڸһʱ
½й̱ϡ
ϰˣϴ᲻°ЦЦд֡
Ԩ߻һԪvʾ̫಻Ҫй¶ϢԴŲȥ˲
˰ʱϣҲˣʱǱֻг¸ϻڡ
ԪvӣʣгԶ
ҡҡͷ
Ԫvüʮͷˣôöеܲˣ͢ʲôǿ
Ԫvվ
æȡ¼ϵĴ멣ϵϡ
Ԫvû͸￴ֱſڣӣͷ˽ȥߵůȥ
͢˽Ų̧ͷͼůǰӱ¶ԪvսͦεӰ
͢æϯƹӣ
Ԫvۣ񣬶ʱˣôûظ
͢ЦҪߣҪߡ
Ԫv˲Ź֣ߵǰ͢ոտۣɽһطӣΪǱߵ˰ûɡտɷҲûãǱپҪչ٣͢ҲȷʵûҪһ˼͢дһţгòϸִгͷԭ򣬱Ͼ¹Աţɽʲôɣܿ͢
Ԫvۿ֮󣬶Գ͢дȣͷˣ˷ѱī˵ôΣ
͢ϣţһЩԹɣҲ֪ҾΣǷĸҪһʱʲôɵ£һСҪιҲǴӺһģ֪ΪٵĲףֻ̲ݻֻЩܹ㳯͢ҪĹԱûо¿ˡ
ԪvЩĵۡ͢
ʱҲ룬͢ǲ̫Ͽˣɿ͢ȻһССطٶҪдŰԪv۲ųףǳ͢ΪѪϿƱƵòˡ
Żʣ䣬޴дꡣ
Ԫv͢ϣЩȵıʸˣմīڳּ͢忡֡
Ԫvдʦ˵
ΪΪ͢龫ǣԹޣͬ
±ʣԪv۳͢ЦЦ
͢صͷ׹¡
ˣȤ͸жˣ֪ˣΪ˵ֵȵŶûá
͢æڲ۾ߣҲȥŰɡ
Ԫvۣ޻
ܾ͢Ԫv۱ȳȥŹȥ
͢ò첽ں档
Ԫvƫͷע⵽͢ĳױ紵óƮȥؿڡ
Ԫvۺʱ򣬻ƤʱѳԿ޵ĳס
ʱĳ͢ҲºЩֻЦЦһ䡰²ˡ
һתۣѾñͷӵĺӻˡ
棬Ͽذɡ
ۿǰǹţ͢첽Ԫvǰٴο
Ԫv۵ͷȴȻ⿪멵ĴӣٽƤڳ͢
͢Уȥͳģų̫ڸˡ
ԪvۣǾݽһãޡ
͢Ҫ˵Ԫvۻӻ֣תȥ
ӱХڳĹдʵУܵȴʮֳ졣


147 
Թ, һʲôѻһΪ֪ʷƸ, ̫κΪ
ԪvðϺͳ͢´£ڶ쾩ĹԱǾͶ֪, ˸пĽԼʱҲܱ˵֪˺͢׸˵ηԽ
¾ǾϰԼͷķ¸߻ģһֱûг, ֱϿŮ͡
ϴμϿ, µȥ츸һʱ, ʱϿ˿޻ǿ, ˶û˵ϻ
ǹĸϿϢ޷ϿľӲս㲡
̯һ췴ĸ, ϿѴ, Ͽδù, Ҳĸǰϸȥ꺮ů
ɻ֮ˣϿĵص, ҲͿд
ů, ⴩ӣԵƷݰţ涷޷·ա
ʱ, Ҳֻл, Щ˻Ļ
ϿôҲȵ۽еŮ֮һ, ǰͬŽ, ֻǴȥѧ˼βˡ
ϿĽߵĸû, ȴп۽ĳԾ
Ů;ͲһˣھСĴͲĸףȥ֣˶Դգ޲ðһų൨ڳ׸̫ʵۣĸڳԴ˷ѣʲôݰǲᾫȥŪ
ʱĸҵů󣬶Աɪ;·˼ɾ
޷Լϲ

СŮЩ
;ǸʵĵһﱲͱԴˡ;ķţ;;һ⺢ӳһ浾ĹҪѧϿĵʱȼʡ
޹ůľɫ;վĸߣЩӵλ˫ĸ
ͯ۾峺;ƯѲ
СЦЦ֣ûƼ;ˣɡ
;ĸס
ϿһŮһ͵͵زᡣ
ֻûƼϿְ;ЬӣСŮС֣ůůͺ͵ģģ;Ը㡣
Ͽʰ档
ʣôûظ
Ͽֱ۾۵Ⱦ˷纮ˣǻеԣû
ͷĿϿɨһ飺ô࣬Ϊȥ跹˼أ
Ͽε߬ӡ
˵»ϻΪԥǨŭ㣿
Ͽ°Ͷؿˡ
һٸİɣֻҪ㱾ֵַĳʲôõǵģϻݲ㡣
Ͽˡ
֪µģЦűСȥϱߴͻ
ź;ԶټϿ
Ͽ͵͵ؿţ֪ϿʣǨŭң˶۸ҰǶ䳰ȷҲͰˣЩСǾȻҲѧ˴˵ļʹ棬;ˡԼ̣ܲ˺ίźƤãϣÿˡǰĲǣһЩ棬ǲȵ̫ˡ
ǳҲǳеҲУ˭Ҷ㲻ǰķó
ϿίίģĻǸǰиҳ
ҵĸҲĸҵĵܵҲĵܵܣ汻۸ˣҲԹۣԼǾͳɡ
ϿͣˣŵؿŻ
ɵǰϳϡһǳ¶ýĸܵܳң羭ȥТĸֺõܵܡ
Ͽڨڨһֱϲңĸ
̫ǰӽС˱ɹɵСӣϿһĹ̫Ź֡
ѾΪָ·㣬ҳ˵ǰͷ鷳ˣɱָʲô߿һޣҾͻ˵顣
ϿйΡ
ϼϸ˵Щûгû侮ʯ䳰ȷģϿҲʮ֪ˡ
뻪ݻ϶һס
ϿڷˣΪγ谮ࡣ
ǰɵ񸸻ûˣϿҲûˣӽԺֻϿӵĸס
ͣ˰ҲУڴùϵҪġ
ϿʼһЩл£ƩϺүȻͿ켸͵ˣϺү˴ˣƩĴɩͻݣɩȴŰų;øýʲôظ꣬ʲôһû¡
ͦϲЩҳ̵ģǣȤ
ţϿת˻ָʲô졢ɩģϿȥ
˵Լҵ£ϿĻƨĽ׳Ľ޵ĺá
Ͽ˵㣬ûҿ¾ڣ»ˣһ˼ؿ仪Ĺ͢
ǣ֪ܵ͹ˡ
ϿǰܸŸɣֺȻҲ˵ʱʱͶûЦһЦ
ãϿĸŮڸ÷
˺;һ֧
ߺ󣬻ʰʰɵЪΡ
û˯⣬뵽ϱӡ
ϱϿûҹǴԪv¿ʼϿͻȻԾ̷ĸ󡣻Ͽôתӣĸ˻ԭǹĸϿǱΪָһ·
Ǻ棺ֺ֪ĸôֺң
ϿҲúͷ
ĸֲ֧ɵҲֺţ˵ʲô˵һĹѸŮ˫ﲻǼʾѹ£һӿ˳ۣ
뵽ֱϿЦˡ
ϱʣⱲӳ¾ڻúõģϿͲۺ졣
¾ڻˡ
ΪǰӻظҲԸһԷ
Ͽˡһĵ
¾̧ͷ󣺡Ͽ˭
üװʲôɵһŮܲʶ
¾ڣû˭߶һֱǵķš
ڸܶ˰ɣ
¾ڣԲϣ˳ʲôˡ
ͦ׵ġ
¾ڣ
Ŀƣݺݵض½󣺡ֻϡİףٰҲÿ

¾ڼп⣬һ߽һ߼
ԺԼȳԣҲ㡣
¾ջߡ
˺ܶ࣬ᵽ͸״멵£־̸ôң
¾ڣ˵Ҹ˵񲻳˺ƤԼˣ
ҷޣĸҲҵĸףʲôԼҡ
¾ڣܵҲҵܵܣԼԼ˳ţҲֵһ᣿
ˡ
¾ڵ۾ΪҪ
֪ܵܶ۸ֵ̫ûȰ
¾ڣôû٣ôû˭ң
ʲôͣʲôͣ
¾ڣУţҲŪ׮̸
.
ʮ¶ʮ糯ɫȻڣٹȴڻʼǰվˡ
նֱ࣬үһƤ면󲽶ݵشԱм䴩һֱߵǰٵ˵⿪멣ӭͷ޷Ŀ⣬Ϊ³ؽͷϡ
͢һ߶һ߳ͷϵĹñˣ֣£
¾׷ͷϵӣʹˣס䣬Ͻϡ
ֻ͢ݺ߶һţŴģλϴ󳼣ΪϾҪǰ⿪멽Աߵ̫ǣڶӷҪϣǺʲô
²ڡТڸ˹һקһ첲ѵܵܲˡ
ûãʼŴ򿪣̫߹ٹٽ
ٹٽվúԪv۴ǰϣԪvһƣֳ¸ŭ¹ڣһЩԱЦѹֲס֡
Ԫvʣ֮˺£
˶͢¾ڸӡ
͢򴽣Ҫڽͣ¾ȳУԹϣճ׸ľѻڷ˳һ˵Ϊӣ׸࣬ųЧ»ϣԼĴ멽׸ȴ飬ѵ˳һ١
͢ΣҪˣҪĴΣӣϲᣬ°ɡ
Ԫvۣ
͢¾ڸͬˮ𣬾˽֪Ԫv۸׶¾ڶͷӵԹ䡣
˽ֳ¾ڲТ¾ܷǿͷ멸Ҫͷһ١
Ҳǵģһãһë
ţһǽˣô


148 
¾˵ҪŪʲô̸, ûϡ
ų¾ڻȥ˰ٵТ˳·Ҳȥͷ, װװ
û뵽ĸͻȻˣһ
Ǽҳôô, ˵¸ϵĺӶˣϧûƼ
ִ󳤹һ÷׵Ķ֯аڻ棬һ߰СС٣һ߳źֶŮ֣װǹԹ, ˵, Ҳȥʼǰôһ
ҧ
¾ڳ, ˵ʱ, Ǳ˴˴ȥģ¾ϲ۾, ҲϲҭƿԡΪ, ˾ͻ֪ٻ, ϵ¾ؾȻģȥٹǰ
ֻڳ, øŹλһ
ִ󳤹Ѹոհõٷֳ, һԼԣһݸֶŮ
ˣֵϢͨ, һ֪顣
ִ󳤹ЦɱСƹĸ, ĸڳҲء
㵣˼ǡ
ִ󳤹ȴԼҵ, ֶŮҪ˵, ͦõ, ¼Ҵ̫ˣ͸óֱӣҲǰ㹫ɾƵģֻұ˶Լһ˭ҷá
سգգ۾
ֻ
˭¾ڲŲֱӣǶǻӣ̽ɳТССһ£¾ڷˡϴεܵ¾ҲܼܿܵǷܹɳǣڵܵǰһβңһ˫
ԣ¾ڻʼ֣Ҳǹģŷġڽǡչһġֱӡ顱
ǲֵ˷ģݸܵܿ
黢¾ˣΪܵپͲѵܵܵ¡
ֻһ£ڵܻ̫ܵӵʱ򣬳¾ڵܵǰͷǳʵˣܵʻ¾ڶҪװȿɫٿڡ
Ҳ˵¼ֵʵǹɾ¾Ĺ꣬зġ
ѩˣ
ԺﴫСѾ߾ȵ
ȴҲûʲôþģ𿴲ŸʮµףѾǽ궬ĵѩˣǰ󣬲֪λ᲻ѩ
ִ󳤹⣬ʣɻأ
ͷ
ִ󳤹Ľ޼۱ѵɣԵ棬ϿǿĲһǰ㡣
Ϊ⣺Щûϵķ˲㣬ҲûмĴ
ִ󳤹ƣŻ촽죬ûʵʯͷӲ

Ȱִ󳤹ù緹뿪ʱѾһѩëѩڷ׷
վ£ķȥ
ǣѩȰ˵Ŵ߳ӣѩסɣֲ
Դӵǧԣǲø̰ڵظˣɸԼӰ
¾ڣ㶮ʲô
ҲûжͣƵѩһ࣬ϣֱȥҲǰѩϺģܿѩôһһ
ԽԽԶıӰƲƲ졣
ôˣϲ˯һѣɸãһŮҲֵԼɹ
ѩ죬ŵİնˣ¾ڿʱ΢һ漴ֲȥ
Ժﴫ¾ŴȶӰһţһֵ䷢ҡͷѩ
ϢϻһŰˡ
¾̧ͷʱҲֻһʵ氤Ŵ
ֻôһۣ¾ڱֵˡ
ڴμϣ¾һơ
ƺǽ껪ͳ¾ڵ˿ĵƵϸִ
¾ڻǵû죬ô˵ģˣȻϲȾƣһƺɣԺնһȫůˡ
ѳ¾ڸ˵ģȵһαĵʱ
ûƺǰ¾Ѱ¥õִƺװܵƣȻóϻӣխխģ¾ڱ㰵
Ȼͺܻ󽲾ִϸϸµĺǻûȭͷ󣬾ˮȫҲǳǳ룡
ʱ¾ٴϸϸľƺֱת׳ﵹֱһζҲβ
޷ϣƺȷʵÿǺ̵ĵƣһԣ·ڳЦ
ĸˣ˵糯ĺ¡ƿ˿ڡ
¾ڣĶࡣ
֪ɣ
¾ڣҲŲ£Тͷӣ˭˵ÿҡ
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ȥȵ˿ѩ
ѾǶˣԺԼѩ
¾»䣬ӵڻѩĿʼϣ˳ŨܵĽëӣСɵĴꡣ
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Ѿ׸ȵ϶ˣ˫졣
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ĸ˵˾Ĺꡣ
ʲô
ûȷֻ˵ֱӡ
û˭ĳֱģֻһطֱ

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ⳡѩڻʱѾʮһ³ʮˡ
峿һ磬͢ųӡӳš
͢ڳ²ڡТ״Ԫɡ̽ȻѮҵͣȴȻ޳ò㣬һ·ϲ֪˶ߡ
ү˳ţһֱеʮ⣬·һͣ
͢³ӽһ裬ͬһ
үųֻۣòȰǣ弻ƶֱӺүˣСźš
͢泯·żס
ĬԴﲻﻮʲô£²ڡТڱҲ̸ֻĬĬŸס
ͣĹ·ϺȻһϳһĳԯһ˫ʮ͵ӡ
һ۾ע⵽˲ĳ͢ˡ
׸˵æĳˣ·ߵĲ弡
䣬е˱ˣͣȥɡ
ܿ죬ڲǰͣ¡
¶ݵĲӰ͢Цˣӭ˹ȥ
ʮ겻ַɰ͢Ÿովϵպѵ
´һۣʮˣȻ˸ͷʲôɣ׸˾壬˽֪ףҶϡ
˵ţֿ˿²ڡТֵ
ֵһһ档
͢ЦŸͽܣҵĳӣԺַĶָ̡
ͣһ״Ԫһ̽ҿɲҰŪǻһλ˾ôûһ
͢Ц΢
²ڽ͵ĵܽ£ٽݼ
Ͳÿɷ
ָ͢Ųģ
ͣ캮ضģϽǰɡ
͢һ͵
²ֵ
صغһ
͢ǰԶ㲻˽ǣڼˣʵѧ˵һԱ֪ܲΪҲ˳ۣԩӡ
ֻ֪ͣڸϣ׶״Ԫ֮̽ţΪ˱ӣҲֻͨʿ⺮ѧ֮ġ
͢۸߷ڣҲ㣬ɺԼгϢҲмǹ֮¡
ͣһʱһʱˣһںԺʱʱҳͷڸȻҪüٹ꣬ǼϴҲԱ˳һСˡ
͢ڸһգڴһգִɷġ
ͳĬ
ֽ͢ϣиĸǰӣͬͬ
ͣУȻ͸ҵģ
˵꣬ʹ򿪷ڽűߵһӣȡһеȿʥٽϡ
͢


149 
͢ʮ״Ԫ, ۣͬǶʮĺ͡
˶Ǻѧӣʹڴе˷, ݵķȴҪһ뾩⸻صĸ롣
, սύ꣬͢ͳһסһһԶӰĺѡ
ֱĲͬó͢ʶԽԽ࣬ǵԽԽࡣ
ͱżŵطʱ΢ĳ͢ҲĪ
֮, Ҳ˽ȻͬΪ֮·, ͢ԽԽ, , ΪʹĻүү㱻ͷ
ɶʮͷͣһѪʱ, ʱύ, ҲΪֿ
, м˸˶ʮ궼ûм棬ط, ֻҪԸ, ֪ԷԼеǸѣеŵ㻹ڣеëҲһû١
ʱ, ͢ﶼǸ˵, ǰϣܹúЭԼ, ûھվȽŸ, ˡϣܹ͢, ׵ⸯܵ»ָ̫桢ʱʢðհ͢
ֻǣóǺۣ͢ɿ쿴һ飬˶ЦˣʼһԽԽߵıۡ
͢ԭһ·͵Ԫvʹ͸ٵլӣһߺȾһ̸߳
Ȼʵǣյſڣ͢ͺ³ˣԼϣһǡ
Ǭ幬
ָʹؽµݹϢһһʮԪv̫ۡ
Ԫvۣ泳ˣ
أǣŶӽŵİնˣ¸³ʱų˾ڤ粻飬θ̽˾á
Ԫvۣ
Լ͢ѵǾ͢ѵ°²ĹԱǣҵʹ͢ģǼѾᵽ֪ȥԹ٣꼸ûС
ǵӣҪ͢ÿͿؼίĸǱߣγֻ͢ڳ͢˵ʱ򷴲һϣ͢һʦĪҪ̫
ºԪvۿ̫󣺡ĸ;ܲϳ¸ϵĸĸ֮Σ
ܸܲհٽϣûְ˸ϻϾɣ
̫ЦЦƫ򰵡
û糯͢ŸոεĺݼԪv̫ۡ
˽ţԪvȿԼ͢¹˳һгƵȣ·ղֹ졣
Ԫvٿ׹ȴüĺͣͼλȳ͢곤ĺθϣ߱ȳ͢СͷɫǸճƣȴ˱ֱ뷢ԺڣĿ㣬žȻҪȳ͢ҪһЩ
ĸʵ۲ϲ٣
ԪvһֱͺͣʱˣԪv۲޵θϺ÷ɣȻɽ۲ɣɣ
ͶԳ͢ʵۣ֮ͷĵؾηϣһͶصĹݴ񣺡ӣΪϲɻʶŵԽ󣬳м㣬˺ԸΪʹͿأѡ
͢վһԣſڵϵѣƷζһѵĻǲ֪˵ʲôá
̫Ŀ⺬Цؿһۡ
ԪvϯԷͣ˵һúۿ֮ԡ
ԪvҲû͢˵θܹ󣬻Ҫ顣
ʵԴԪvµĸѡԭǲԱ׷鷴ԺͣһֱĹԱҲ鷴ԣЩǳ͢ѹȥġ
ĵƳ˳͢һۣصǻϡó𳼡
Ԫv۵ӹһĨΡ
͢ƽЩȾѹˣᵽϣϡѾǶ£Ҫˣǰڸġ֪ϡǷУ
̫ͣθϸո󣬿ɼ
͵¸ڸиһݣֻǳΪס
̫ʾԪv黳ȵʣθ˵
̧ͷͦصص̫濪ʱɹȫأʱȫа˰һʮ꣬˵Ű긴һĿģȫظԽԽǣɷĸ˰˲ȴԽԽ٣ûǴȥȫǼڲأȻֻİʮꡣ
Ԫv۰߬ȭͷٵĶĵذ
͢ԲҪأùǿ³Ǽڲճ˰
ͣذһЩûģҲǴӰм沢ã͢ôһ㣬ǳǼ沢Ҳɷˣʲô֮Ӧϸҳɷɣ沢ضӦ鳭¹黹գܲ黹ģҹһɵն
͢˵ļ򵥣¹沢߲֪͢ҪЩԱȥأҪûǵأĸԱ㵱¹Ա
̰ͣٶһһݳģ͢ϸ̫泯ɷϳ̰ˣ̰һɱһȻ˸̰
͢ȫɱˣ˭泯͢£˭ָʱ򵱹٣ٶûУ㿿˭ִɷ
ͣҪ˿һ˭ȥʲôãһЩģ껹µģˣǼڲ䣬ⲿ־͵ڰͷϣѾˣҪе̰ٽ˰Ҫ𣡡
ֻ͢ǲأظ˰ܶ԰ȥִУѹǿزǱ߷̯ĸ˰Ȼˣѵǻݹ񣿡
ͣЩ̰̫ɵˣ̰˼ӣ¾жԲߣұ뵽취Ը㣬ȣҪǰɣҿ԰Ѹ޷ֵɽ̲Ϳȥضˣ˱Ϻÿˣɽ̲Ϳֲʳⲿֵĸ˰üӵͷϡ
ǵط٣һ׼ֹߣô󹭳ǿʮĶֻĶСȥյģʮĶʮĶͷ˰أ˰ѹͷϣ
͢Ǿдɽ̲Ϳأ˭ð䰴ɳʹɳ͢ͳһƶţطٸһһսҷն
ͣȻǳؼ沢ҹضø˰Ƕ沢һĶ͢һĶ˰
͢ҪһһڳԣҪһһ飬̱߷ƺӡ֣ӣһҹ𶼵ˣȻûӣ⻼Ǹˣ֧͢Ųȥֻңа취ðȺùһ㣬ó͢⻼һЩΪβΪ񱩷һգۿéҪˣҲסʵʵש߷ǵĵ֮Ȱé©ݶ޺ãҼľ彫õĴΣĥĥʲôɣéݶҪˣ
ͻ˵͢ͷһ㵹ǻ˵Σ⿿̰һնʧҹһҹعԹԻգı£׸֮λϾ͸㣡
ͣ
һԲϷ·ʼնڵ̫Ԫvۣ
ڲ˵ˡ
͢ĺҲƽǺҲָյİš
ͬʱ̫󡢻ϡ
̫·һ񸴻һ㣬˶ԪvۣΣ
Ԫvʿˮλתתյ·ȻΪȻȷʵһЩθֲڸãٽޡ̫
͢ȹȻּ
򴽣Ҳǵͷȥ
λһǰһˡ
Ǭ幬һְ͢ס˳ס
Աߺͺһģ취ҹ沢ĳ⣬Ҹûꡣ
͢ȻƽͣԶĹǽ֮⣬źӵ̤ʵأЩá
ڡ
̫󻹺ãλϵӰȫʧԪv۲žԼȻȫӲǷڽ֮ʡ
ôһ˲Ԫvĵĳ͢ͻᶯִ
̫󿴿ӣЦ׳¸Ϊһֱûͽˣ
Ԫv۵ͷ
Ǵù٣ùδܰ£ʵЧǳ͢ǿ


150 
¾ʮһʮ糯ϼ͵, Ǹ˵ͷǹʽȴڸ硢繦·ĺ졣
¾ڻûվٵĶУͼǰͷӻͷʾȥ
ӻǵø, ¾ڲǰ
͢ͽܵӡó¾
¾ڲôػ
´һۣż̶ַԳ͢Ƕ̳ĺò
֮, ¾ڵǿһģ͢͸ȵ۵Ĵͻ飬ʲôôԼҶˡ
͢ûʲôӦ¾ڲˣ, ˵, Ⱳмͷӵľ, ҳóڵ㰫, Ʋҡ
ͣ
Ŷ͵ĹԱǷЦǻ, үġڵ㰫㡱, ɲ˺͵ò
ʵҲٶǱ, ˭Լڵũһɫƣվڳ͢أ¾ڿ
£͢ǳڳѷĶӡ
¾ҲǺһ䣺׸˻Ǻ, Ʋ, 㻹ϸöȥʽ顣
˵꣬תˡ
͢һۣٿ͡
͵Цˣ, ϳ¼ġ
͢һ, װӻ
˳, ƽʱ˸Ƶĳ͢׸, ΪµĴͳòɿ
ٹٺͿ, Ͳǳ͢ô͢ҲҪָժ
ǺܿԱǾͷӦҪʰǰ׸˲͹Ͽһֱ˵أ
ӣЩ͢ĹԱҷ³ɼų͢ˣϾֻ͢ڿҿҵص͢͵ӣȴ޲ϸɷЩһ̰١֮
ȫٶӲµֵ
ҹɫ¾ڻظҲȸԹͣ˾Ǻͷӡ硢粻˳ҲͰˣƾʲôͿң
οˣ
¾ڣſҺòŷҳȢһλ
һ
¾ڷ¿ӣŵؿ㲻ͷӣֵҲݼڣθϴǸӣ㻹˵ϲҲûôġ
ǹʡ븸ǹʽ׸׷ɧǨŭֵܼ䣬Ҳֵƽϡ
¾ڻ糯ͷӵԣֺֻͷڿ϶ˡ
ػƺҵȻҲ׼
¾ڣ
ˣͷõģ
.
Ѯɩ̽ת˻һС
һ׵ġǳ͢ױ顣
ϱӣԪv곯͢ȫأҲӡˢڸشʾŪһݻ
˵ֶܱݻǼǵõģʱٶԱ滹δַȥܿͷ
ġһҪһģֻⱲӵ˺͵ӰӣƩõĹ߽ȫͳһطԱ˽ԸĶƩȷ涨ɽ̲֡ͿݡصصȵβûΪأԼеµҲҪû
⣬Բסٻ¡ĳͷҲϸռලҷһȻмٱߣûոò٣šն
дһţĸܵܶʮ֧֣ʽдʱֱܻܵǲȥʡȥسǶ죬˵ط󣬻ҪضԱѧжسǡΪս⣬䡣
ˣѾɷĥĵطԱĸҼգ
ţⱲӵֻϱӸгЧֻҪڸ󣬺ġһ޷Ҳӻݹ
ǲٱĿǰĵ˰Ҳͳ޻̸֮
˿
ѻıΪ漰Уһѵǧط١
ҺùǱĬЩ΢ı䣬úͽҲԽ
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¾Ͽ˽ģ·ͷ׵԰ڡ
¾ڲϿͷӣȵ׸ʵʬλزͣ
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¾ڣҲң²ذɣ
ǶǸʹ͵ģûٶ̰һĶ
¾ڣȫɵ︳Ҫȥһףͷӵĸĸѵ䵽ͷϣʱ᲻ǣ
䣬նȥˣԼʲô˼Ƕʳǣ׵Ҳˡ
¾㻹Ů·
һΣȻЦţȴûһ㳰٩
Ƭ̣Ŀٰ֣⼸빫ȥˡ
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¾ڶ˹һյͭƣȡµ֣һһŵؽֽŷŽȥ
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ȵģҲͷһɢ
ڴϣƵĵҪˣ٣кδ㣿
¾ڱûʲôһ𡣡
˵޶á𤡱һƫ˵

¾ڲͷ羰ô䣬ڼŻȥģ
ķޣֻǴڼĻȤɲǡһ𡱣
˵Ȫ𣿡
¾һϵû˵ֻ˵ȭ

бһۣûܹʲô϶Ӵ͵ȪǵӿһȪˮʱˮ²࣬ǱʮﴦôһȪɽΪɽ
¾ڣǽǾȥɽ
ôõĵط类ʼȦˣйĸ󡢵ܵȥܸţȻҲȥ
¾ڣȻȥɣ˵ʲô
й֮⣬һЩɢɢȪ֮أֻ类ռ˽ɱԺҳż꣬ûҪǱߵıԺ
¾ڣһ۵ģֱ˵ܲȥ
ЦĸЩ굹һԺ겻ȥǵǿԽסһʱա
¾ڣˣĸϲʲôҾȥɫТ˼ҡ
ТҾͳɣĸǱȥ˵
¾Ͱƽˡ

ò׹˻˵طյҪ֣
¾ڣҾõĸ˼޸ܣТó
ϡ
¾¿סʢȴĳֻŭư͵Т


151 
סȪԺ, Ÿĸڣִ󳤹ͬˣֱӣǺʱȥ
³, סʮգԪǰ
ִ󳤹ôôϽʰʰ, ȥǱסһ¶С
ĥŸνִͣ󳤹ݸһЦȻԼȪû˼Ҫȳǰɣ㣬, Сŷż, Сû͹, ҪҪȥ¸, ǰίʵֻ߲ٳš

, ֬ȴһĨɫ, ΪӺĳ˼˼ġ
ִ󳤹, ĸˣĸֻĽɵĺø, µĸûá
, ̲ס٩ȥʲôãźģҡ
ִ󳤹ҿûĳ, Իǳ㡣
˭, Ǹʴͻ, г¸ϵ, ȻҲôš
ִ󳤹, ˵ʲôʲôɡ
¾֪ջȥ󳤹Ǳ̽ѯʽԺĽ
Ϊڹĸﰤ˵٩ȻҪϣĸҲҪãԼͬУѾӦˣȴǲ㣬ҲڵʱȥǱסɣöĸǡ
¾ڣ
ӣس
¾ڿһһϸƺﵹٵÿ¾ƣ¾뵽취ǹֶȥȪһŸȷʵ㣬ҿ͵͵ȥҹ﷭ǽѰԺӣһֱ棬֮ûݹȪ㹴ҵ£αҡ
ĸǱҲٸ㵱Ƕǳзģ
¾ڣϣҸҪȥˣĽ˼׶࣬Ҳ͵
ɹȥ
¾ڣԤЩȥ˼飬갲ĴھǣȫҷޡƤ̫϶û˵ҪͬȥȻ˼ȫˡ
ȷʵûôƤ
¾ڣҵ֪˼ϲʲôҰܼ͹ȥ
ң
еӰͲȥĸĻܼ֮ˣҲԼͳĸʲôЦ󷽡
¾ڸвˣģ֪ϲɣԷԷ
һߵһ߿Ѱ˼ĸ׼ʲôá
ɵ¾ڻĥء
úЦŵʡʡɣĸ겻뾩
Ϊ¾ڻᱧԹ䣬ǳûֱˣû뵽¾ֻ˹ѹ׺üڡ
ݸȪڸ˳
¾ڣ㲻
ȷʵϾСйݹٴˣѲʣԼôڴ۽ܣҲ鲻
.
ƻǼƻҪ
³һվȥĸ밲
̫󣺡ǰ̫ڣڲŷĶٵġ
ʧЦҲ˵ˣϿ˵
̫󣺡ǰز٣;ظҲԽԽϲˣһһĸţҲ֣ߣȴ㡣
ҪҸŮɣ
̫󣺡˵˲ҲӣֻʹˣǽСʱӡ
ܵҲء
̫󣺡Ҷôˣ󰡣йŮˡ
ˣ
̫󣺡ûУܴܵſϣȥˡ
Ĭ
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ͣĸʲô𣿡
֪ܶ฻˼ңĶʮͻԤͨ
̫󵭵ǳʱŰɣ˵
ϱӣĸҲ̬ȣܿ˸ʳŮɫоĸϣܵܽԺãҪŮɫӰ塣ڵܵܣÿ춼ҪϿѧææȥģߵĹŮֶѰɫҲû˵ĸŮ岻
磬Ԫvĸ󡢽÷
̫ʶȤȥϢˣ̸ġ
ߵĹҲ£ԪvۿŶɫ˱ȻĽ㣬̾һ
ѻЦˣ𣿡
ԪvۣۣǷǸͣȳ¸Ϲܵû໹ϡ
ϱûнȻ֪ͻεܵܣôܷ
ԪvۣԼƶǸһڼ󣬹ֽ̿Ҫܣҿ칬ˣɣ˵Ǳûסޡ»ܹʳǷ˼µٺ»ûˣҪӻʮӣ˵ӶҪϣƽʱˡУɸǲɢǲɢˣҪźĹŮ̫ҲˣҪʳż٣ǹ»Ҳһˡ꣬湬ˣƻᣬʡһӡ
㶼ˣ
ԪvеģҪȫԴʵȻҪ򡣡
ˣжҲԸϣﲻ
ֻܺܵܣӽͣʡʡɣйӶˣ΢ЩҲû˵ˣǺθϣҾͲŹ̩񰲵ʱٶֻԴ
ԪvۣˣʱʱҲ֪νΪûд𣿡
ΪΣ
Ԫvۣ˵׵ˣҲ֪ڸãſһ͵ߣǺαؽм˸ű
⻰ڸңʾ㻤ء
ԪvۣɲǣƫǺݺݵӣһ뵽Űոɹģȷʵ᲻ġ
ȻȻĵܵܵƨ˵Ǹӵĺûʵۡ
Ԫvһ̾Ϣ
ܵ뿪󣬻ڻܷ·ϣһֱŵġ
νѺܶԭڹùܵ£ϡ
ƩǲɢĵλɣƩ繬üĹŮ̫࣬ƩȰܵͣɼƻȵȣⶼϱӹ¡
ܾܵع٣ҲԹǰһԹܵԽ࣬ܵܵԹͻԽء
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񵱳۹ʱ˵úͽЭиĸܰ﹫ֵһЩ̰ԹޣӰյģܵߵġ
Ҳغͣ͵ʲôΪʹүүүүûп͵Դ˵ֻǷȰܵܽڼˣǺٵָŵܵһ٣ܾܵҪҲܴͣұɱµһٵĻѺͱᵽƫԶ֮ص֥С١
Ϻ꣬δزǹѡ˺͡
ȴ˼ٶԹľ⣬Ϊų¼ˡ°룬ͲùԲһЩ
ճ˹ȥ¸Сסա
ĸҲᵽ˺ͣԴθϽͷӷֵ£ͷӻؼҶǰ˺ֻܶ࣬Ҳ°ҪǲθһֵţÿλҪұԹ䡣
Ҳ˵ˣǶϾ糯ϳ
Цеģźء
ûһ˸ҵͷӣҲǺ£ͷӵģѻϰģ
һУǳϱĹͣ
Ҫͷ岻ϺڴʣԼˣĸҸͷӶ죬ȴõ˵ͷӣϴᣬһжͷӵģϾرϱͷӼ䣬ҲϷ

ҹĻ٣ȳ͢ӹˣ¾ڵŷ
¾ڣȥɽ£ĸ˵ˣ
³Ǽ˵Ҳ١
¾ڣҴϳ¼ҵһлȪˡ
Ҽǵһ궬ر䣬ȥйסһȥˣܶҲȥйǸϣԴҾ죬Ҳĸͬȥ
¾ڣҾϳ¼ҵһлȪˡ


152 
Ǿֵʱ, ٽأ̰Ƿ׷ӿޱȷ
ٵһ, ¾ڷҪŻȥð
컹û˾ڱִˡ
ʲô, ˵һǣԼȥܶ
¾ڣˣֱҶƽʱ߶ﲻڣϲң, һȻһ, ڸĶԸȥ, Ҳ֪һ˶ڸܿʲô
ʱȥϾͿˣٶ, ڳҲǲĻɫҼȻ, ΪҪȥһȺ˼ȥ
¾ڣȥ, һһ𻶻ϲϲð, ǲζ
ȥɣ֤һ춼ζʮ㡣
¾ڣֶֶ, , ҸǸһ㣬һˡ
򴽡
¾ںЦ㻹ǻֻڼ
˵Ǹ, Ͱѱȥ, Դڱӵ¡
¾ģΪǳͿıɱ׷, ǼͷҲǲǵģ

ⱲӶ֪, ¾ڲһζ, ʵθӹϵóһãֻÿζطˡ
ůЩ¾ڳˣ¾ھѰ۰࣬Ϊ˷㣬װ
뿪ǰŴǱȥ
¾ڷ齲ãڻб棬߷·˻ϡ
üۡ
¾ڣôͦΣ񸻹˼Ҵݰδɡ
ʮʱǲҲ
¾ڣҿǿ׳ˣʱɽܣɹúڣˡ
һֱھͺˣҿ϶һ
¾ڣ˵ϸԵ
򳵴һ϶˲
¾ȴŲԱߣΪͷǳӵƣǰ޳Ĳྱǡչ¶
¾˫ס߼Ķ
ֱ·˳խխǵıϵ˿¾ڵĶ
߱䰵¾Ƴ۴ӣתԼ
ſ
¾ڣٻҪһӣұһ
ҹﻹ㱧
аյĺá
Ҿͽõܵǵ٣һӡ
Ůһĺĳ᲻ÿ¹Ա
±˶ѹԽ˽Խ֪ΪԽңԽԡ
ڣǰŴֵԽԽ¾һŻһȥһӡ
ݵķ紵϶ɫȥ
óӣЩˮʪһؽࡢӲһ顣
Ҳõ֬¾óһ״ƿЩɫ֬Ϳ
ָһ㱡룬عβųޱȵļ
޵ʹǿһһļ¶ھͲæ˫֣ò
ͣʱѾɫ糣
³ǰǰװעֹ
¾ڣѵ㴩ŮװҾͲעˣ

ǰ棬ơܼ粽ظţ滹һЩ־밵и棬˱ȻҲҪﳤүණ
治֪ҪʲôҲδйԼϽðľ
¾ڱ㸺ߡ
ЩӼȥɽ·ϳԡ
ɽ꣬¾ڰѺζļҪǮܼţٽ
¾ڿܼۣ¼ʱʵҲʮ˰ɣﻹû£
ܼɫ΢죬Ѿˣǣ߳ס
¾ں⣬ƽƽģ֪ѾõϢˡ
ܼû٣δ޳ʲô𣿡
ܼûд˵ͦÿġ
¾ڣͲǺŪ㣬Ҹģ
ܼڣҲ̫С
¾ڣУǰ׵Ļ˵һҲȥǼҺϲơ
ܼܳݣүһ˵ҫ
Ľ¾ר㻪ӣԵĴõһѣʱܼﶼ˶
˳¾ڲŸˣ֪ܼҪˣôң
θɣ
¾ڣϵ󣬵һոңҾһ֪û˼ұһհġ

¾ڣܼʵûĹҲȢ
û취ϼƽ̫Զһ˲ס
һЩٻӵܣ߿ƾٵ·ӣڸвҲ泯͢µģиǰ̿ڡЩҲܼλãб·ӾϡˣΪѡʱֱӰȨӵ׿ˣѡĶǿ׳ͨյûҰĵĺ
⻹Ǹʳ谮ܳĹҲ᲻ðӢжŮ߰װ˷ѡ
ٸǸ˽⣬ֻ֪ܼĸԸЧġ
ʵеΪвٺ»ֲսðգǳףЩԼսܹģȻԹߵĲ±֮
¾֪ܼĳ¼ҲҴ󻧣¾ûʲôƲܼģֻСӵʵ
㵱˭㣬첻ѶϵĻ¡
¾ڣôˣҽ࿴һǹԹȥˣ
ǲҲȥֻͨټС㣬װţ
¾ڣ϶ԻԵ

ͣ˳⡣
վſӭǣȻڳ࣬һһߵ˵Ǳˣ˫̥Сү
ͷʾ֪ˡ
¾ڷ·ûһֱܷϴǷޣ¾ڲЦһ¶ӣĸ϶Цúϲ£졣
һۡ
ϺˣδȢûŪӳҪ˼ңٰѺúõŮ޹
ĸ˿϶УҲȥ³ĵһͨ±ʱ˾˾ĸûϲϴҲӣ˫̥ϲ죬ͬҲֵݼҴ롣
ݼұϾǻĸ壬¾ڻ˵ɫŹ֡
¾ڣ˵Ҫôһ̥ӡ
üôĽ
¾س誣ô˵ʲôĽģֲһТ˳һңǻ粻
Ȼ֪ԼʲôУΪβģ
¾ڣͷӲúõظҵΪҪԶӣҵͷ˭ҲָȥǰТӡ
Ĭ
¾ڣǲǾҵĻе
ǰǾ仹С
¾ڣľ䣿
Ķ㣬粻
ûĸĺƢӦһ¾ѾˣһĶСƤ
¾ھͿüͷʮģ
¾ڣ
Լûϵã
иĶӣүһźţζҪЦѲŶԣ


153 
ΪԽڼ, Ϧûд蹬磬Ԫvֻ˰ִ󳤹λ㼰Ҿ򵥵Զҹ
Ͽ̫ǰǵ, ˲磬˳, ڼﶼҹȻϿ˹Խʵ¹ǰ˾ƣҲҺȡ
ԪvۣôȾ, Īǻȵ, 㱻һȭ
ΪǼ, Ԫv۵ĳƺҲˡ
ŵ٩ζһ, ֱһƬ
ǳ¾ڣǲصֳȶ³ç, ٸǡ
죺
Ц, ϿЦþԶ, ǰҲöˣ, ϲ
̫ת˻, ŮȥɽʰˣҪҪɸ̫ҽţ
ܻӻΪ˲˾Ϊֲȥɽ, װһ, ˹̫ҽ̫ҽ˾, ûʱ, üͷ, Լǲǵˮºаȹǣʶ궬նҪۣ̫ҽڶУҲûųʲôֱҸ̫ҽ˳ųĻ˵ˣٿº͵ĵӡ
̫ҽ⻰ĸ󡢵ܱܵԹ䣬˵ԼҪȥȪ̫Ȼͬ⣬ԪvҲĽɳˣýסй
ԲʦΪɣѾĸ˱Ժ
Ԫv۸۽ˣݸȪȻҪԺɽǱﳼҵıԺճһõ͸㣡
Ҷڹ꣬Ͳͷ̫ҽˣǰķӱҩϾǡɫ糣ص
̫ͷ
ִ󳤹ԲЦЦʵۻᣬͲ̫Ŀ̵С˼
峿¾ꡣ
¾ھȻԪv׼һ죬ǱһһƱ
Ԫvۣ
СǸԼȻѹǮã
ĸŮһʱԪv۴¾ڳȥˣվڴǰĺǰԪv۽¾ڣȲǱҪúչ˽㡣
¾ڣϷģһ粽ų
Ԫvۻ㵱ˮڱĿģȻżɬϱһ㵭ĳƣ˵ŮܻܺӰãǳôûûкӣ᲻ż
¾Цһ㶼
ЦȻҲʮֳϿңԪvΪΣ
¾һؽ͵ڶĴֱɣ˺ӣ϶һںϣûгˣɲ䵽ֵزҲƼˣҹϿ쵱¡
Ԫvû뵽¾ھΪɶڴӡ
⻰ȷʵеĸҲ˰ƽʱ˼ϣʳĸɣĸ⡣
¾ڷԪvۣҲż˾ˣԵֵˣȻˣˣ³ϲ
Ԫvʶصͷ
ʱϿһĿڵӰԶ
;ãԪv뵽ظʱʱĿˮеضزס
׽ĺӣԪvôظϲ
.
˹¾ֱȥ˳¸
¸ոµĴϻǼƬȼŹĺֽм
æµһ׸͢ڵϢ˼գմһɫĽۣ˿Լɼĳ򵥵һ״أɷǡ
ЦŸꡣ
¾ãûף׸ˣŻ˵˼伪黰
͢ϰˣֻдϱ
ûã¾ھͱֶŮֶˣλɩӹ䵽԰Ƽ¾㺢ϡ
پҪźÿխģر˫޳ȣΡ
ĽĺãǼү粻ֲܿģÿͻ῿ϰϣһ߶ᣬһԹʹɩѵҲ
ЦϣֻҲᴷƼˣȻҪ
ٿźүǵͲһˣƽʱźɣ

ʼ˼ǲԼǹ׽ˣ൨ԽԽ󣬾ҵ٩
ȥɽ£ҲĸˣýС¾ڶھǣ¼߻Ϊʲô¡
ȪϾЩ¾û׿ڸλֳ԰ڣֶ͸˿ڷ硣
ۺãĵĸףݹȪ𣿡
룬ЦǻûݹСʱݹΡ
˾ȵȪ
㣺еģеĴ˼ҽ԰ԼܣеΧӣûǮͿȥݡʱ̫̫ϲݳӣ궬ĸȥĸҡϧϴλȥΪ˸̫̫ɥȻĸ϶Ҳȥˡ
ûϧСʱ£ʱ󣿡
㣺ɣΪݳӺʣԼǵ
۾ģԭףҲ÷
֪ĸףȴһֱΪĸСʱû棬ֱӳ׵ģڲ֪СʱܻһݹȪء
㱻ŮĻæ͵ҲǾ棬ͷڣȥǼʱҲġ
ˣ׳꣬϶֪Сϱ
ҪŮЦܿˣʱײϸմĸס
²͢һ࣬Ůºͣסʣʲô
˸״Ҫҡ
˵궪¸ˡ
²޷ϵһ𣬽ȻҪʡ
ͺţһʸˡ
ֱҹرķʽʹεؽ̸
²ڣ
ĵ԰ǳģ
Լݹ˺ü꣬ݹٴΣֻҪųȥɽݼ죬Ҳֵͨҡ
.
¾ڲ֪Լҵɩֶʲô컹ţͰѻŪˡ
ٶ˯һһϳ¾ɷüۣ뵽ûȪҲˡ
ɽ뾩ǰʮأ߿ЩǡܸϵĸλɽıԺ
˽ܵ飬Ȫĺö
Ź·ǰУżһ£¾ڿųŻ޵
Ҫ˵ԵҲҪͬ԰ڣ˼Ҳݹٴˡ
¾ڣûзִˣǰչ飬棬ҵֻҸȨӵһ߲ʡ
ǰҲչˣҸ;ǵȨӵܡ
¾ڲ˵ˣ°΢΢̧ĿҲ䡣
ûȨӵܸǰư񡣡
¾ڣ涼㣬ñǿ׿ˡ

ƫͷ⡣
˶˵ﰲһƬɪľ󣬺һӡ
ƳۻڰȨӵܵóһ飬ǷҪ֣һֱů¯
ݸ¾ڣ
¾ڣ˼£㲻ҪС´ҡ
˵۾һȻ
ŭЦҪ¾װá
ĳʮֿó¾ŲϣЬɵϣǺñӣ²Ÿӣٱһ
صţϱû˯Ļܿ췸
Ҫ˯ŵʱ򣬽µӱˣһ˫ֲʵס
£ֻý
߻ãһߣ¾Խôߣֱۣƿ˽
̫Ķ¸ϳĳ
ŹӳŹĳ¾ڣȨӵܲʧ񡣡
¾Ц⻰ɾ˵ˣˣûвϲģδףӻװװ׵ģһ
š
¾Ҳںǰµӣٿס
ü
¾ڣҿû
ûڵһ˱ŻһΡ
û£үγЦκ


154 
һϵľ¥˷, ΢Ƭ̣һջ¾ڼ϶ȹġ
Ϊ£鶼, ¾ڶ͵͵Ψһǲ
Σ˯һ, ʱ߻谵¾ұߵĲϣۡ
ˣ
¾ڵʣҲ
˯ѵĳ, ۳ʣʲôʱˣ
¾ڣѾ, ԼĪܵ
, һץסߵı, ˹
ǻ𴲵˼¾ڿڶ氫ϵȹа, ǰ, ۳, һһµ¶ԶɣͷҪһ, ϰϰ, ȻһѾ³
ףǲ뿪ůıѡ
¾ȡѣź㴩
ǲ
¾Ӳӽ, ٶȽЩȹһ׵ϡů֬ĺëа, е, ¾ڱĶҲ, ʵʵعס, ֻ¶ҵԴ
ͨͨģ︡һˮɫƽʱĽ棬˼ֳˡ
¾ȴѾˣͷһȷûз̲ŷ¡
ôԺʵʵھǹɡ¾һΪͨһεصҲԽԼǼĸǰĽΪȥ
һһӴС󾵣ոճ¾ڵ˵ƣӳųг¾ڲǺͨĶ
ͷͨ˳ˣ³泵ϵĳơ¹
¾ĳӨĶһ£뿪
³Ŀ϶ע⵽Ʈѩ
ܿ죬ơ¹ˣ泤÷٣ýεȵȡ
˰ˮ¾ڰѩıϣ봰ԶôֻǼӡ
ͬǸմӱģ治䲻ɣ
˳һɫ
ЦűүڳĴ멣Ӵߵݳȥʱ򣬻мˡ
¾ЦЦӹϡ
ȫǸ߸߰ɽżɼǽߵıԺɢУ氲ִ󳤹Ժɽͽӵˣǰ·
ҹɫ٣һڵִԺ
¾濴˿󳤹ԺռĹ㣬޵Ҳʮɡ
ܼڼϱҲû¾ڷַ˻³
ѩ󣬷ȴСŶñĴܣҴҸȥˡ
߱ߵ󳤹Ժãһɾһ¹涼ȪӣֽҲʰˣ󳤹˵סı߾סıߡ
ĸƽʱס
󳤹ϲɾ
Ǿס¹ɡ
ЦŸǴ·
¾ڻĶñϵֻ㡣
һۡ
һ·ǰһլԺլԺûʲôϡ棬լԺȻһȦͨȪΧŰ뽥ѩڳһ壬˼ɾȷʵ¹
ǼʶĻǰľޣ֪˽Ų
ȥ¾ڡ
¾ڵǺأһ϶ĴӳðҲΪ̬
Ȫһʯţһ˿ʯţˡ¹
Ժ䣬˰˸СѾڴˣСĸѾߣĸߵİ˱ֻҪɨͥԺ
Ϣ
ϣʶȤˡ
ƴ߰˸СѾߣҪǽ⼸ź򳤹ҪصĹء
̴
¾ڣȥ濴
֪ҪȥõȪӣֻע̬ĪҪһһէģѾЦ
¾ڵһġ
뿪󣬳¾ȥ˺Ժ
߶һƬɽɽ߰䣬߶ԿɽڵΡ
żɽмխС·¾ת˴ȦǰڻȻʣֳһƬðŰɫءذȫôĥù⻬ĴСʯȻˮ̾ͣرһƬԴӣضֱһ÷÷ȻֲģҶмչļڰս
㹻ů÷ȻѾʢһЩУˮƮҡ
¾ųһȦ»صϰֻѪӿ޲ϾͰѳٶȥ
ǰϴͿĨ֬
𣬳¾˽
Щ죬ʣǲܺˣ
ո˯ѵˣȷʵ֢״
¾ڴʣǱ߰ѷ͹ˣ԰ɡ
Ҳˣľ¥ͨͨԼʡ
żС̫͵ûд󳤹ĽҲѳ޵һ̷
캮ūŸԤ˹Ӿƣ
ůǰѾµִЦ
飺յɡ
յͲ󣬰յҲܺڡ
Цеص˾ơ
ˣٹ
ŷʢԵȻԵã¾ʳҲҲһ
󣬻϶񣬸ȥ濴ӡ
ѩԽԽ󣬷ͣɽΧƬȪġ
ԽǽԽĸӵĲãʢĺ÷òС
۷ţͻȻһƵʲôʱݣ
бһۣһյĳҽֻ˯Լݰɡ
¾ڣû飬Ҳ֪ݶãǵһס
˱Ȼӡ
ԡأֻµˮϴͷЪˡ
¾ϴ裬ڳ룬Ѿеĳֱб޻
.
ǰҹ˯ú㣬Ȼǰڳ˯ˣ°ҹҲ֪ʲôʱԱ߳¾ڶ˶ˡ
ŷ¾ڱ㱧Ķ䣬١
òһֱû˯Űɣ
¾ڣãֻһ
Ĭ
¾ڣȥݳӡ
Ͽʼȡ
¾ñӹסұȥ
ȵȣˣҵˮ
¾ɿˮʱȥϴǱߣϸϸˢһ

ѺҲȥˢһ飬ϴϴ
ţ֪ȻҪʪͨһ飬ʱ򣬳¾ڶȥˡ
ȳ¾ڻֱӽᱧ
Щš
¾ڵģ˹
ͨԺţԴľ˼Ȫʱвʵ˹͵
ۿų¾ȴȻֱ
ڣȪʲôûС
¾ڱȣ·ϱǰ˵΢͵ĵƹճ콵ѩƬɽһƬװع
˳ߣ¾ڲŤĻᣬ°¡
ֻʣһ׵ĺʱĿ֣Ƚ˳ӡ
һβɾĺسһ÷ȥ
εһ룬Զˮ¶ػͷߡˮˡ
΢ˮҲš
εøˡ
˫ѾԲƽʯͷϺȻһһ̣ðˮ͵ؽת


155 
ѩһֱš
ܵ÷֦ŵĶ仨굲ס˴󲿷ѩ, ֻһЩᴩ϶Ʈ䣬ˮƵȪڳա׵˫硣
ȴо䡣
аǬ, Ʃⰶߣһƽ齵ʯ, ΢бǱˮС
ʱʯϣӱȵȪˮ֣˫벱ҲӿȪˮһһεȥ
ֻάƣܱкȵȪˮ
, ܿյѩ÷, ֲʲôʱ, ѩ⵹ӳŵƹ, ʣƻá
ϲѩ, ¾ڲ, һᰲ⡢ͺܾúܾá
ɳ¾, ֦ͷһ÷ͻȻʱ, ϹˮʪĽë
Բ, ȫ
ں븣ºɽʱҾˡ
¾ڵĻûٹԽԽм, ¾ԽҪ˵
ʲôѩ÷, ¾ͳͳ, ֻг, ֻȢŮڡ
ϲŭصɹ, һ˫ģȴΪȾϱʲô
Ǹ߸ϲµ¹ɶ޸ҲֻܸһԶѰٿ˼ޡ
¾ҲˣϵɣϵӣϷ
ܣܣ
.
ʮ峿һ磬뿪Ժʱ򣬻ֻһͷ
ⱲӣҪ¾һȪ
ؾʱͬҹĻ٣һ磬Žȥĸ밲
̫ŮԽżȪĹЧǺãȻ𣿡
ӲͷƤĸѾʹˡ
ԪvһĸŮ㲻˵Щ˴֪ĵ٩
ոʮԪv۵׻ɫôãֻȪˮˣûһĸ󣺡곯͢ҪأĸȥйСסˣĸҲȥйסʱա
̫Цŵͷ
Ц
ڹ緹͸ˣ¸
ͬ˳ϱĺɫ̸ȪЧϻпһǱҲȪ̫̫䣬ͷھǵ٣궬춼Ҫͱٺ»ؼңרŸ̫̫Ȫá

ǱȪ
ǰ߰վ͵
ЦЦ˿ĸ빫̫̫Т˳
ϻظ㽫һ˿šã
Ȼ¼̫̫ϲȪ¾ڴʮ굽ʮ֮ǰ϶̫̫ȥΣƫǰװû棡ôڴȥĸıԺҲֻڴµĻѣ
¾ڽͬżҵľϯҪظʱѾǺΣһʵʵƵ˯һʱԡܷ
ڴμţƼָָңȥ
¾ڿҪʲôӣȥһȦֳĴԱһ̡
¾̫߳ʣ֮ǰúõģ˹Ҿˣôòһζţˣ
Цĸ׺ܺã¼Ψһҵҵֻ㡣
¾ڣû㡣
ƪŪҡ
¾ڣ
϶õ֤ݣ¾ҴˣֻҪôͷҶС
ֻ֪ʵ˵ڵ⣬Ƶס£Ǵ̰£Լѡ
¾ڣ̣ܲôԶ
飬
Ҳû˵ҹڴϣ¾ѣڴ߻һȦĬĬϵ̸ǡ
£ʹһ硣
磬ֿʼԡ
װĲ棬Ҳ֪Ǽٵģﷳ꣬ȴʲôû˵
¾˽Ǳ˷ǵóֲǶˣĻǰ
ˣûһ¾ھѸϵıѣٽ§
ûҲû˵
¾Ķ䣺ûƭ㡣
ҲС
¾ڣУ´ڳֱӸ˵

.
Ԫvʮĵһγϣ׸͢ȫأ˴ǵļұۡ
ȻڸѾһ£̫Ԫvֶ֧ˣһ磬顢ͳһƵ߱Ӽٶȷȫأͬҹǰؼ֮¡
Ԫv̫֧ۡɣ͢ѾƶʮƵġʵʩȴûôס
ضй鷴ԣǲԪvۣ֯˸ڳ͢ϣǳ࣬͢Ҫǧˡ
ԪvһʼЩӣˣȫڸá
ѮڽصĽͽһܱо˾ͷ̫ԭĽŴ״Ԫvλղȥ飬־ʵ飬Ͱ˽λһ֧ҲӦĳͷ
ӣϽҲõĳ͢ˣΪλûˣҲҲȫˣǰ߽ʲôٲģ
Ԫv۷˽ٷֱдһţоٽ״ٿһ˵̫˼ҲⷪΪ÷ӵǵĻʵۣʵر߹ءذذգ˵̫̰٣ǵְ֮һͰ嵱عԱ񣬽ȻԼˣŪõȶԲ͢ҲԲ̫˼ҵԪv۾رίϣүү岮ֵǧҪЧ·ԥϽ࣬Ҫģ
ڷ
Сʵۿ޵øˣʵɱӺﰡ
бͷˣûбûзԥĵӣǽسȥ̣
ʵˣڽյļʵʵٱض˳
Ȼ࣬ͷӲԶԶ緪׵ģǰ̫ѵԪv۷һǰŷддñͷҪ˵ĹҲԴһһϡ
أƳͼᣬ½ǡ
ǵãϱһֱɲǿɣЩƫԶطӵ˴С
οǼӴ˼ȣնˣټƣطԱûж͵ˣֻȫʵʩŵ³ȻѾʮʡϽͼᡣ
ڸһƬϲЩɵľҲòǿջЦ
ϲõķΧУͻȻ˰ӼƲԭղ춭͵Ϯڡ
뾩̫ˣֻأս£ǹҪͷһ
³͢ʱ˱ǲԪvۻû˯ãһڷȥ
һգݴݱش󽫾˶գ׽˶һӣڳ͡
Ԫvһھǣ
͢ԮıûݵսѾˣ
͢ЦϣǰԪרԲԭѵ˳ӪνӪһսս䱸һսӪǰԻԶԾоսʤѸ٣ǳӪĹ͡
Ԫv֪£ԪݹӽܹϲǣӪʵսоȻЧ
ԵԪvۣ޲ȥ˼ݣĿô
͢ҲϣԪvȥݿֻлۿ˼ݾ£Ż׼ǿ塣
ˣԪv׸ݽܶյĳ


156 
߾Ӣ, սܣʱԪvȥܶͣΪԪv, Ҳܾġ
ԪvԼȥ̫Ҳ֧, ±㶨
ֻǵͬСɣ˵߾ߵģһ·Ϸ涼Ҫĳﱸ
еʮѾˣ¾ʵĴȻС
¾ͦ˵ģϴδԥ, ֮ضϤԭ, ָͬѪͬ, ʤҲ, ־߹Улȥű֮һļ, лһؼҾķ, ¾, ڻǰβסԴеڴ
ɫ糣·ǷԶжûϵ
¾һʼҲû, žƳŲ, һֱҹЪˣź֪طӦȥ, Ҫ²Żؾ
, һ²ûж೤, , صʿ궼, ¾ԼݵʱҲûΪ뾩ǵļҶܹ
뻪ôãֱõһΣȥζͥ
뿪ôã᲻᲻ˣ¾󳤹֡
һأҲ˵ʲô
¾ںһأֻ֪Ӳ⻰Ҳ
ƫƫʲô
һ¾ڱһдţдһ⡣
㲻±ͬЦ£ݲŶԶһһصٺ˼롣
¾ڣŮӶǻڽ̷ٷ㵹Ǻݵġ
ȥܶͶֲộҪ̵ʱҸ˵һսʱܸܵҵ
¾ڣ㻹ĺݵĺãҶ׬ЩŸԵ䡣
ϡ棬㾹Ȼо䲻ҵʱ򡣡
¾ڣ
ס̵Ļ绻ʽ
.
գˣϾ׵ܵҪԶţܲĹġ
Ԫvδѵֻ˷ȸԾᵽ֮۾ƽʱ֣һֻᡢɵӥ
пϣһ֦¿ķ۰¼Ĳɵš
Ԫvۺܿ췴Ӧĵ£
ҡҡͷ̾ûУֻᵽą̇̄ããԭȫⱲӶδƼģ᲻
ԪvȻ٣ʱ޷ĸһЩ⣬ʱȴ˽˼Цʶʶ򵥣ͬоǡ
۾һֳǬ幬ķ¿αϣĵô򵥣͸㿪ˣĸ󲻻Ӧġ
Ԫv룬˵᲻
һЦֻѻĸһ۾ܿ
ԪvۣǾ˵ŲңҪտС
תתĻЦؿŵܵܣȻȥԱ߽⣬Ҳȷе㵣㣬ͷһγԶţˮʲôġ
Ԫvۣȥ궼û£䣬ôҲʵ
ʮкǴܸͷʱȥԪv۾ͱȻˣڽվһ𣬻ŵܵܵĶ·
ʾǸ߸ӣܵܳ꣬δػȳ¾ڰ١
Ԫv˵֮󣬾ͼ㿪ʼһũԼҵ׳ׯڵ
Ԫv΢ȣΪǰܰСӣӽԺ󣬸ûӻˣĸ£
߰ɣһȥĸ󡣡
Ц㣬Ҳ㣬Ȼĸǰֻ˵᲻壬û취ͬˡ
Ԫv룬ڽߣǺð
һǬ幬
㴹̫ԱߣԪv۸˵顣
̫󿴿ӣٿŮûжʲôֻȥȥɣǽţ̫衣
ܾĸĺ˵
̫ЦЦ
г͢ڣºǳ
.
Ҫȥݵ£ܵȲҪ͸¶ĳݸڵܵܺУΪļó͢߶ʲôš
ֹˮ߼Ѿ߰ʰңһүҲղ泤ſڷ硣
¾ڷ˸ӵǸȸȥݣΪԽԽķֱᡣ
Ƶǣûڻ߸ܵһ˿ҪʥݳˣҹﻪȻϸ
϶ҵ
ڴߣ¾ͷ۵ؿűŵĳҸյõϢʱ̫ˡ
ûС
¾ڣΪң
Ҫ͵ܵܣ˯
¾ھȻ޷
£Żһһµĺ󾱣һ½һ䣺ҲڣһסˣȥǱסҲУˡǻͦϲġ
š
¾ڣÿ춼дţʮһΡ
治ء
¾ڣҿɲĳЩˣûġ
ֻЦЦ
¾ڱ˯ˣҹ̽Σδζߣġ
ʱ֣¾ˣ´ˮرѣ§Żס
ţȴװסһǼʱ¾ھƵߣ΢΢ҧһڡ
˿Ҳ͸ŭ
¾ڿûġ
תȥ˯ˡ
¾ںҲŪĳòȥ
Ųʧˣ۾
.
⣬ǰʮָʹѾˣǸǧྫ
峿ĵһбҲڳڳſڣǰſӽȻǸ߸߾Ļǣǵƶݵĳݡ
¾ڵȽʿ¡
̫Ԫvۺڽʿվ
¾ڷ׼ˣὫʥԼĴ󳼳ȫΧм䡣
ڳ¾ڻͷһ۳ķʱһݳ˳š
¾ڶݵϤֱʤԼͷ׸ݡ
¾ŵؿ
ʿǶڿע⵽ָʹһֱŲӣ˳ָʹ˵ȥʲô׵ģ
Ц壺ظôüûƵģ
ڽʿЦ
¾Цﰵҧװ;ҪͬУҪһҲν̬⼸û˯ã
߬¾䳯ʿȥ
ڽʿӦǣ磡
Ƴ·ֱſһߴǰܿ죬Ƹ˵ضԳأ
Ϊ⣺ʲôϡġ
ƣϡϡոճ߳˺þãʿЦء
¾ڵĴ
ĳƽŹٵУһʱȻߵĳ
ӣƳȥϳ¾Ӣݣ·Ƿ˻·ֻһѰָʹ
£߿һЩ
ֻǰ¶ĵƵݣ¾ڴüһ·ϣŸûʲôǲǳ¡
Ȼǲģң˭
¾ڣǿ˵׼Ҳǳ԰Ķĵɾˣֶ㻯ǰ
Ҫӣ¾ںصס֣żѱٵԹһۣҾ֪ǳ𡣡



157 
Ǿű֮, ϽɽӹأӶ湰žʦصأҪԶ
ݳλھǶƫİ, ʥݵٶȣҪա
Ѯ, Ԫvʱ³ƥɫĻǡ
ܵܵ룬װëѩ׵͢һһҵԪvߡ
͢Ⱥ, Ըطָ, һ·Ԫvۺʲô, ܼʱؽʲô
׸˴ʱ϶, ʱɽˮһλŵī, ̸¼ĲɡȤ汸
ÿ, , ¶ĿЦݡ
¾ȻԶҲܿ·м̸Ρ
ƻ谲Ӫկ, Ԫv۽, ȥ㡢誡
ദʱλϻۼΪڿΣȻĺİ, һ·ԪvҲԸ, ֻǵ˰, ٶ, 򡢱ġ
ĳӪý, Ҳȵģֱܵߡ
Ԫvۣô
ӪǱ߰ɡ
ԪvˣǰҲǸͬĽʿǳסһҲ֪ǲӪʴգǴȴ˽
ã誵ˣŽǰָʹɫٷԾ
ԪvȻͳ¾ڵ飬ϲίߵĹɣԪvֻżᷳʱҲܹʶԴʵ۵ģõʱ˭˳ۣõʱ򣬼ĸ׽㣬ҲԪvһëҪģǾЩ˵ϲӰµĴ
Ԫvֱߣм仹һλ
ԪvۣôôԶ㣬˵
ЦЦŲλã̧ƼĻ
ǰһŲ輸״ɲ뱻ӳ죬ߣȴ֪ʱݱԾĻҡ
誵ĿⲢûйͣԪvۣзɹһŴ㣬ϿƼˣ
Ԫvۣţϧɵ̫ߣ˰ɣȻԼ
誣Ϻ̣ͨ󼰣һԡ
˾Ϳʼ𹭼Լɡ
Զ̧ͷ¾ͬɫƷٹ۴ӢԲʲôƫƫһһ֦֦Ϸֱһֻʲô
ջߡ
ԪvΪϲؿԽԽ
ݼϡ¾ڲôص
ԪvЦմ򵽵Ұζ
¾ڵҲûȥԣʱƳݴжֻгҪǱߵĽʿǷֳˣɼпڸ
üϴδԹֿθ᲻᲻ʣ
ԪvۣˣҲûô
ų¾ڡ
¾ڿһ֪˭ģ
ԪvȶԽЭˣѾùˣֻڳζ
ɫ
¾˿һֻ׸誣Ƶ࣬ãһԲؿ
˿Ѿϵ⣬̵ð͹⣬ɢ˵
ĬԪvЦʳ¾ڣǰǲǾЩҰζ
¾Ƴ۸ڶׯӺݵĳĳԪvʹɫϣʵСȱ硣
Ԫv£Ҫ˵Ҳһˡ
ʵ󣬳¾ֻýʱɽԡº¼˵˵·Ҳ˳ԽԽɤҲԽԽ󡣻ܵôɴ¾ڽλá
⿾ã¾˺óԵĲλҲصݸԪvۡ
Ԫv۳Ǳʹɫ
¾ڷӦϽٵݸ
һмǳ԰ɣ¶ۡ
¾ȻٰѿݸԪvۡ
Ԫv۳˳֪ǿӱͺóԣǳ¾ڵ̫ãܾϲæȰ˵㡣
һţǿͬһ㣬ȴǲ͵Ŀ⣬¾ڱ˺һιߡ
ҧһڣƵձӳ죬߷ȴɫԪv׵ܵܶһ˲
¾ڸֱؿųҲš
һ۵ɹ
¾εصͷȴ
Ƿޣ¶ĶԪvֻܿʱ˿ͬŵ誡
ЦЦҲԼ˺һ⣬׸Ԫvۡ
˱߳Ա̸ֱƮݵĳ¸ɢ¸˼Ԫvۿ˿ȣҪϢˡ
誵ǰķȥ
¾ڻͻӪʡ
ûԶ·ܿ͵ˡ
ߵӪǰתĳ¾ڡ
ǰ꣬¾ֱ˲͵͵ﵽӪʸӣڱǻȥ¾Ҳȥ
ֻһ䣺Ŀ⣬治óԣ
аɡ
¾Цˣ´ǵΣٸ㿾
޵Ӧȥˡ
¾ڿϸӰʣ£ȥ
.
պ磬ʥݵִ［ݳǡ
ܶڡܱԪ쵱Աʮӭ
ǰ˳ڵܵߣһڹԱĹݡ
Ŀ⣬Լͬض˵һԪϡ
Ԫʮ꣬ĹٴѾ¶̬ԪȴֻѮң߰˳࣬ΰɽΪɹ˹ͭɫüĿм˵ǫܵ͡Ŀ⣬кʹ
նǻ˵ĸоȴηƽ׽ˡ
ȻòĹϵΪʱڻʵǰսϳʿУȻỻһַɡ
ԪvǰԪ󽫾ζձսܣǴ󽫾֮
Ԫǫѷޣȫȼӹ̳ǽƻǷˣŽжսѹѷ
һٻ䣬һԵļܶɫشۣĿ޵ڼ֮׸͢תһȦ
Ĺٽ٣ԪǸܶƵģԪʤ̣ҲԪƽ֡
˭Ԫ˳͢ڸ׸ĸ֦
ԴԪݵܱüܶܲԵȡƣҲ͢ݹӣĽȴԪȨԽԽЩ״ܶ͢˹ٻǵȥط
ڿףκ󲢲ȥԼԪԪʲôʲôһֻ۱һֻۡ
ѹ˽˳ǡ
ѾʰˣǰԪvסס
ԪvۻڸλһڡԪ㱨ٳԳϯȺȾʲôģͲˣֱסݡ
¾ڡ誵ָʹһֱԪvߡ
¾ڻ޾ʱ㾭˽ش󽫾սһܵӢ¼˵¾ڶԪľ壬ԶԶԼҵĸͷ
ܹĿԪķɣܹԪһȾƣ¾ĳȣ߸Ԫһ㣬Բ˵ʱ̲סȥȾƵʱҲ̲ס͵һۡ
öˣ¾ںܿͷһ£ԪԪv۹ɣԪԼͷ񣬱ͷԪvۻҪǫ
ľƲͻȻûζ¾ջߣҲԪǱ߿


158 
󽫾Ԫ, ؼͶʮ꣬ɸʮ
Ȯӣؼ͡ɶǱ, ˾, ʤ֮ơ
͢ʶؼˡĹͨƾٲѡγģÿ궼ôӵó͢ѡĴȴͨԼȻ͢Ҳƾ٣õδܴ, ƽʱ, 浽սܾͻ, Ǿ̸ֽ
ؼֵԪһ, ԪvԼλ϶ܽ
̸䣬͢ų, Цſؼֵܼ䡣
һ, Ԫϻؿ¾, ˵ƽԥ췴ʱµսڼݶ˵ˣ
͢
ĲҪԪ˰, שҪ̧ԼƵģ
˵, ͢Ӽһֱߵ˿ޣʱ˶λԽԽ, ͬǲ, ĳӡҲҪ䡣Щ͢ϰ, ̹Ȼ֮, Ψʱ˿, ԪһսôϲؿǸŴһ̵ëͷСӣ͢ƲסȣԼȣ
ҲҿĳͶ׸˵ɫñƽʱ㲡һЩ΢ҲԲ
Ԫһ󴮣Ծ׸ӣͣˡ
͢ڰ֣һҲա̬ǫ飬ǫһ䣬Ԫֿʮ䡣
Ԫv΢Ц˹ŷ
ͿԪٿ͢ͻȻЦЩջҲԷֳСĲ٣ɢϯǱԱԣҲҼʶʶ˵ĺù򣿡
͢Ԫͬʱ
ȶ˿ڣԪvҲд⡣
˵꣬Զϯĳ¾ڣɸؼֵܱԣ
¾ԱߵͬƣԷ¾룬ϯֱӿ򲢼ؼֵܣǸңض̫Сˣֻشӱȡ
¶ãʮˣôС̫СˣûϲôԼ
ؼվ¾ڹ֣ˣԺͽ̡
¾ڻһ񣬵õԪv۵׿Ϻ¼Ⱦơ
Ա㣬˵ıԾͳڴͷϷ
͢ýѵĿǶԼĵԸǹҲʶʶʲôˡɽɽ
ԪϵϴԲӣȮȡ
͢
˵ھǣԪغڱ߹أ֮˶򽻵ĻᲢࡣ
Ԫȷʵʮ־ηԳƶǡȮÿ껹Ҫ͵һʼǽ鱦͢˻ȥ˻һԪһЩȽϡز͢ҲǴˣµԪڳҸɽգԪһ˼ĥվˣ˾
ˣ͢Ԫز̱߹أҪıġ
˾Ľ飬˵˵ǳҲǳϾ͢ҲʮԪġ
Ǽ棬ԪôУʵͷۡ
͢˺һۣԣҲ뱻Ԫôš
ֻһһ߿Ϸ˭ó͢ϲ׸أ˴Ҳ׸ĺô֮һ
͢ûԪĻԪԼҶӣؼĹĦǹ
ؼɫǫǡ
¾ȴغһ
Ŀʧ񣬳͢ĻˣҪؼͣ㾡óȫ£ѵźá
ؼͿЦ̧̫ˡ
¾ڲͷ㵽ǸдǹǸдƤӣ
͢
¾ѾתԺȥ
ؼʧЦԪvи񣬸ȥ
Ԫv۴ߵ¡
¾ڡؼﶼһͨʿõľ˳ǹ൱£ֻһ磬һ
¾ȻӮؼ¸ӣֻòҪ̫̫죬ʧؼǹ
ؼ͵ļƻʹɹ
Ȼһ֣ܵ¾ǹԼǹϴİؼ;㵵ط֣λүմ˳¸ϵĹ˵ȫԸʮھҪܡ
֣ؼͲ巴ϲ¾ڴ
ͦε٣ǳ۳ȣԾŲ绢籪Ҳһһݣûпˣǹ˳ǹȴ˫飬ۻң۾᲻գһ£ΨֳִʤĹؼһ̡
֪ٻغϹȥų¾һԾֳֳǹӸ߶ؼͣؼͶֻܾǹ񵲣žһ죬ǹȻͬʱˣ¾ڵİǹشڵϣؼ˼ܿ¾ǰѱɶǹͷ
¾ǹվֱźؿ˿еĶǹ
ؼҲͣˣӵڶǹ¾ڹֵǹ¹ٸʰ·硣
¾ڲ飬ƽ־ƽ֣лٱһ
˵꣬Ԫvۡ
Ԫvܺã¾Ϊؼ͹ǫöӮҲԼĽ򼼲ؼͣʹʹôһҲʹ졣
Ͷ٣ϢȥɣԺеǻᡣ
ǣ
.
ڹԱԪv͵ݣۿԪv۽ıԺ͢ȸľɢ
͢Լģ˹ȥĵصոյıԣˣ
Сݵģʵʵظ˶ԷļӣôǹЮžڼ󱳣˱Ҳࡣ
¾ҡҡͷͷҲ߹ˣߣ¹һ
˵꣬ȥ
Ҳɢòˣͱ߱ߵ٩͢㣬һΪӣù治̳ܽġ
͢游ѧһգıǼ̳˼ҵ֡
ͣ㵹ǿˣոôһζؿؼСӣҺؽҲȻѿˡ
͢Ҫ˵ͼԪǰ¶ǰվţ۾һȻлҪͬ
͢ЦЦԺ͵Ȼֻ˵һ
Ц
ֱ͢ӽԪˣһûеԪദ
һͷ¾˻ߡ
һ裬Ъˣ¾ڽݵĶѣɴʣתĳ¾ڴ档
ûȻڣ¾ھͿʼۡ
ɫҪʲô㵭ؿţֱ¾¶ʵ˶ţ׵ʱ硢ɫٺسڻС
ɫһ䣺˭˵ģ
¾ûͷӡ

¾ʲôܰѹڽյĳùŹ׶ӣ
˵壬¾ڴ
ʶػ⻰١
¾߹µɴʹҵߣͷֱϵٺۣҩ𣿡
¡
ѾҪ¾ĴһſֳӸס󱳡
ֻǵò̫ϣ¶һխڡ
ºܿʹҩҵѪĸҩüĿصݵУٿ¡
Ÿչϣ¾ھͰѱ˦ˣԴڱϣܲͷչһ
ǵź󱳵Ĺ״ٺۣü˵ô˵ġ
¾ھͼӴ׵ԹһͷӣҪͷӶؼֵܣҲǳ׮
ĬĬţʪӣ󱳰һƬʼĨҩ
ᴥ˴¾ڷһƺߡ
˼ģһ٣ȻʵʵſţԴͷż


159 
Ϊ¾Ĩ˺һҩ, ƶĨ꣬ƴĴƿҲ˵ס
¾Ȼſڴϣ, ոֳһҪһλ˳, ¾Ͼ˯ȥ
ŻˣʱŷӦôһ˵ſ̺ûõĴϣɢһ
ֻϵˣʲôû˵, ٻһǡ
ܰ, شӱȻҲλ½
ϴ, ڴ, 
¾Դĵؿǿ, ǿң
, Ĺ֮, ش󽫾ĶӴƽ֡
¾ڣôڿش󽫾
˭ش󽫾ɲһ䡣
¾ڳĬ
뾩ǰ㻹šʵ͡, ռ, оΣ
ôã緢ˣ¾ڶʫӼȤ, սߵǾġ
ʵ͡ش󽫾, ش󽫾֮, дɺʵݸ, ʹۺ, ͢ΪУ¾ҲղһףɼＫĽش󽫾
¾㿴Σ
ЦȻʮ塣
¾ڣԭҲʮ壬Ϊ˺ͷӸ˶Ҵңͼ֡
Ĳף;˳˳ˮģһʱҲпԭ
¾⻰ôģ
Ϊҳڹ֪ԶࡣƩ֪ش󽫾ܴغܱǸ׾ټġһ֪ش󽫾յʱǼλܶ޳֮ش󽫾ҲǵĹ˫˺ܶ಻죬Ĺٽƣش󽫾˺ܶǸ״֧ŵλܶش󽫾ȫʩչܡ㣬᲻м׵֪֮
¾ڣǸøмҲڱֵôԡ
˽⸸׵Ƣһϲִȴûλǵ˸ף
¾ںȻζؿһ
ü
¾ЦЩͷֱǱû˵ǵĻ
סθϡش󽫾ĸй𢣬ξǶΪ㣬ҪܰѡͷߣҲʮʱԸ˳ƺ㣿
¾뵽ԪɹڵӣԼʣԺҿܻᾭսҲɹôڣ᲻
ش⣬׼ȥˡ
¾߬ס˵Ͳߡ
˶٣ͷˣͷ˵һῴڻ˳Щ
¾ڣ
.
ܱԪӻ˼ңֱȥ鷿
ԪȽѵӣ֣αô棿
ؼ͵ףҿˣ̫죬ϲ
Ԫ˲˲ҪҪó¸й⡣
Щ£һսƽҲˡ
ؼͳĬƬ̣ţ¸ƺǰķ֮ˡ
ԪԼĶ룬üͷĹװˣ˼Ⱥֻ棬֮ǶԳ¸ϡЩһҪǡ
ؼ͵ͷ
ɵᣬѪԣ׿汾´̣ΪҪڳ¸ǰϥ
ܣ۸ףжòĳǰͷС
ԪСӣƽ͵ص㲻һλͬۺѣʱΪϷʧõбˣ±֪͢ϷƳڹ˶ؽˣҲΪڽӣڽλѣ˰ȥʱ׸ӣѡ
λϷ壬뵱ʱ׸ʦϵ׸ڣ·ͨ׸ˣҲ˹٣һװ˺¡
˵ʲôһ佫̲Уûˣʱпܱչ٣ǿְλҲҪܵܶƣ޷ʩչֽš
Ϊ̰ͼ٣̰ͼǵٺ»Ϊ᲻ÿʿǻķȥֻܱλӣҲܼǣΪ͢ЧǶ𣿡
ؼصͷۿ
ԪЦЦСӵļ򣺡һʱѣûʲôˣΪиˣ¸һ㶼̰Ȼһ÷˼Ľ鱦
ؼЩģҲ˵ˣɽɽһ׸ˡ
Ԫ¸ֻҴ꣬ǻϵĶʦȵйµĴ󳼣ֻҪӲʣٵʮʮ׸Ҳ´࣬ʹΪҲˣ͢δöûϵǣͿԼ컯ˣֻܴǱ£ıǵǰ̡
ؼ͡ȥܹͶ̥ӣⱲ컯ȸˣ·Լߣ
.
һգԪv۾ڸ߽ͬ£ʽܶյͶ
жòǰǸʮ곤ôݰ׵ԭСʵʱʮֱ
Ǳ߹Ѳ֪ǧĳǣиñرܵ󷨡Ԫһ·ȥˣ
̫ԼǺϳϳ
Ԫvʼձ΢ЦҲȷʵܺá
ԭϵսԼûкùҲòĽķڷԭĵ֪ΣԵȻ̸ԼǸӣֻҪߵĹ佫סԭȻܸǣȻ³Ĺ
ԪvҲ𶭻Ұ
Գ͢Ϊ׵ڸú̸ӽ꿪ʼռ͢׳Ƴ궼Ҫɹ
ͬˣǩ̸Э飬ݺݵƳԪһۡŰɣԪ˻뿪֮գǶ֮ʱ
ûвյĶܽԭϵ˳ö࣬ѾʹˣԶһ˲Ȥ
̸ԪvڼݳգҪȥǳˣѲһǵļӹҲǹۿԪ׼ʮ߾ϰ
ͶȣһвŸ
뼻ݳһγϲڣʮء
ྩԪv۵ʥݣϳִϲפŵı߾Ӫ
ɫѰɽ֮Լɼһʺصĳǽ·ԣХһ

ϱûܵһݣȻҲûԹǵΡ׳ۡ
ԪvջߣͼԵĽ㻹հ֮
ƫͷһЦ
ǵıš
ʱԪv۽㡢誽й
ɽվΪ׼һ̧ΰɣԪv۵յǳʱ
Լ棬ԤҲûʲôǸŵܵۿ߾ϰģôཫʿţֻһӣδҲԵ̫ûá潿͸ȥͻͲݣȻ߹صأô͸ףһγǡ
أԼȥ׳־ص
Ԫvۿ¾ڡ
¾ˣ糼Ϸ嶥һͱ߹صճΣ
ѯʵܵܵ˼Ҫȥ𣿡
ԪvЦȥˣλϿ϶ҲҪʦڵģǽаɡ
߲ʱͿԱȥˣûƼҲصıȡЦ
㣬Ԫv۷ǳ⡣


160 
ϲһɽվ, ȴǺܸߣ뾩Ǻ븣ڵɽ࣬ԻԼȥ
һҹ, ϱơ»ѣɫа
ƵѾˡ
, ¾ڲϲ绨ѩ£ճжӡ
ϴһһײ׵׵װӷ٣ڡ
̵ضԼҳ, ĸжҲ˵ԼΡ
Ȼûƨ, Ҳ˽
, ҲЦǸð۹ŵЩ, ȻΪѡ
ϵ˭˭ޣⱲǸˡ
ʲô, һӴڳ߲, óԺú, Ҳ˭
Ҳôģȥ緹
, ¾˳ƽ, Ƽװ࣬߼ܵϹһ飬, 󡣡
Цϸ
¾ڿŻ
ǰ, ҪԼˮ, һֻ޳, ͡
߷, ֲصá
ջǵһۡ
ù緹ͳˡ
Ӫפڳµһƽأһξ͵˵ǳǵڣأʵݣطС
տʼһ·ƽϱ㶼һʯ̾Ͷɵ̨ףʮֶͣǺ븣Ǳߵɽ·ɱȡ
¾ڵĻʧ㣬ǣ
ˣһ̨Сȱòˡ
¾ϿָߴԶ¥̨Ҫ
򴽡
¾Ц˺̨ףתѺ¶
ԪvҪǳǣÿһξվʿȫǴӾǱ߸ľ
ȻЩʿ泯ⱳǣǲƼһĻ
һߡܾ
¾ڣϰĴ棬ɫְҡ
ֱȥˡ
¾ֻøһֱַۣһıǰʡЩ
۵߲ʱ˾ЪһΪȣǶ类¾ˡ
ôһ̨һ̨һһĿǰҲЩ
Խ棬Խ˿ڳ¾ϣ§ȥġ
Զ¥¥Ծ˳ȥ¾§ŻߵĳڣųǽؿԶߣһֺԾ棬ϼͶѤã˳ｭɽҲβǡ
޹ĵƽȴһֺ顣
¾ڿڰͷǼĺ顣
·һۣת߽¥С
ﵹûˣ¾ȴֻΪǽʵޱȻɳڴǧ겻ĳǽϣüһ·׵ڣ촽
һӺ»صĳϡ
ǱһƬԭǻı̲ԭ
¾ָԶǰһǧڣǼҵĵ̣ںռݵĶطҲǱ򡣡
Լҵ̣ЩǴ⽭ɽôһʧȥġ
˫ֳųǽ¾ںȻסֻ

¾ԶұͷѾǼҰĵ̶ûˡ
ӢӣХ·ڳЦ˵Ĳ
еԶش󽫾ŷش󽫾Ѿʮˣȥ¾ڻᣬҲζŻ޿ܡ
ĵȣһգɹñڣҲ㡣
.
Գǽ޽Ȥһλʿ
չ⽥ů·Ԫvһڿʼʵˣʱ۵ĵܵܿȥ
Ԫv⼸һֱڼ䣬ʮȳûԱߵĳ¸ϡ
¾ͻȻߣƣĹʲôá
бһۣȥӽӡ
¾ڣ˭
㡣
ʵˣ¾ڱҲȥӼݣԶ¥ʰ£ʱһ缸̨ףνý
Ԫv۵˲ŵһ̨Ϣ¾ѾϵȳԪv
ԪvЦôˣ
¾ڣƣиǰ
ԪvЦſ͢ʱ¾˵ӼݵģԪv۷ϲ
͢õؿŶӣϱǷСӵģһĻòš
˭룬¾վֱ󣬾ȻڸߣȻʱϲø
ϣ
͢
ͻȻЦԪvεҡҡͷ
˼¾ڻߣǰչţֱƼԪvҪԼͷ¾ڲŲǺԸ߹ȥǧţǳɡ
ԪvǸ͹ϵɿ֡
͢Ƴͳñߵģ򴽣û˵ʲô
Գ͢䣬ǰ̨漸һαһζͣ͢λҲͬеٷţֻкͣ˱ֱҲȴʼոԪvߡ
Ԫv޵θӲʣ˰
Ц߶ǳ¸Ծϡ棬ʵЩֵũϺ̫ɽֻȳ죬ֻǵׯϣǸԶ
͢
¾ڿտʼѾѹߵͷӣ͵ȷʵĸʮʱ嶼׸Ӳʡ
ۣ͢˼һ涼ûĸףۿˣֻΪߵÿǰֻԪv۵˿ˡ
Ԫv۳¾ʹ˸ɫżҲͰˣôô죿
¾ڲ˵
սԶ¥͢˦ӵ֣վԪvȥˡ
λ϶ۺӣܾܵ񻹺ãϾ¶
ԪvЦϿɸճ
ţ׳ѤλϸҲԡ
ؿ͢¸ˣұض㡣
ֻ͢û
Ԫv۽Ԫеߣѯʳ޽ˣԪԴ˽ʲôǽ֧ǽǽȵȡ
Լϰʱ֣˲˵ԪԪvֵȼ̣Ϊ
̹𣬳װġоս·ĳǿڣƺƵ
˲ĺؾֳɼӣһƽذѸٵϳǽأһӳӭУһӦоӹء
оֱײȴܿؾսӪųһŵսһƶĳǽӪ֮ĶӣؾĲڳӪڻ»׷
Ȼϰı߾ȴ·ս֮ϣоƴȫؾӢɱС
Ԫvۿĳȣ˫ֽسǰĳǽ
Ȼ誹άԪؼҾսһȻ鴫
ʹ·ս誵Ǵһξ룬վԪvĻҲˡ
ɫؼ·ƳܵĿбӣȴ΢΢
ԪϻӦʲôؼңĩֻЧʮʿҲ͢Ľʿ
課ʧԣ
ֻǡؼҾһٻΧձˡ
ͻȻָһʣǸ׵Ὣ˭
Ԫv˳Žȥֻ׽սţӴܵġолǹɱб뽫ΧȴҲһǹɨӢ䡣
ǹ˵ҲͰˣƫƫ˻Ǳãѹֻߡ
Ԫvۣش󽫾ĳӣؼ͡
ԭ
Ԫvۣ˵
ǸյգǱˣ󱳺óһѪʱһеĿشӵ䣬Ҳԩ
Ԫv壺û䣬˴ƽ֡
˳Ǽˡ
һ˵ţһ߼׷ؼ͵Ӱ
Ԫvۣ
ͬؿ
¾ɫ࣬ĺݾȴȫؼͶȥ


161 
Ԫ׼ı߾ϰһҪ, ÿһնǲͬս򷨡
磬սϰʽ
Ԫv۶Խʮ⣬³ʱ, ó࣬͢Ԫұ, ԪĿء
ڻԾǽϵķΪɣٶƬ̡
ԭѾ۷˫ȣʱվƽϻ, һ¿̨, ߵСȶǱ÷, ⿿ԼС
ԪvۻǺ˽ԼĽ, ذų¾
Ŀ;һ˽ķ̨¾ס, ¥, ֱӽ˵ǽ, ҧʣ׽䣬Ҽˣ
Լ˼, Ҳ, ֻбԶĲtڣǶȣֻܿһƬɽԭ, ҲƼԶ¥ǡ
¾, ü֮ǰ, 
ֻĬ, رɼ, ˳ľӣ˫Ҳ߬סۡ
һ使εޱĵ콵ϲȴӭϣֱǸʹ⹴ĵ쳤֦ʹŻȫȫڸ֮£ɸÿһƬꡣ
δ˵ʲôϸﶼģɳ¾ϸܵġ
飬߰ĵһƷߢ
飬ֵĳⳤ֮ϡ͵
ʲô׽شӣǳƣΪչؼͷʱڳĻӰˣǳù˵ĳŻӵĳ͡
ʱΧôˣôñͣ
ΪֻԼˣȻԼˣ¾ԸΪãԸⳡϷ
ˣϵֻҸء
ԸԸ⣬Щ£¾ڻҪס
˵ĴŸոշֿŸո۾ľôһ䣬ϵۡ
ʱֲ壬ᣬˣϾǰߣĴ׾Ҳ̫̫ˣλֲ˵ϡϡθЩĵͷѻɻҵɣҲһ
ֻǣȻϷոջ˵ؼͶȷʵ棬ܻ˭Ƥ񲻺񣬶ػӲЩСڡ
Ӣ䣬ǻڲ֮䣬ɱòʤһ
ۣһʵ
ؼȻʣ¾׽ŮӷĴҵĿ
ʵ¼ֵܶˣֻǳ²ڹڶࡢ¾ڹΨТЦˡꡱ֡
¾ָǣֻʤһ
˾Ͳܿ䣬͸ҵôߡ
Ĵʪķˮɫó¾˱˼⣬ʣɴ룿
䣺û
¾ߵĲྱһߵĶƹƻֺãȥ󣬽Ѿһ
û
¾ھ֪ʵԤ˵ģǣ֪룬ҲԸȫ
顣
.
Ƕͣ¾ڷŻһһ˵£ֳվһԡ
ϽԤġһߴӹĸ첲һЦŽ͵
ͷһůܵô󳼣Ȼܼǵչ㡣
¾ڽͻسӪʣȥԪvǱ߸ˡ
һΣؼֵ͡һ
¾ڵؼͺüۡ
ؼͲԣ˴ƽѾȥüˣ֮ǰүҲôͻȻһ㣿
ԪvۿֻúЦڽǰҺʵȴĻƢ
ԪٳԼҶӣЩƣӢԶʤԼҶӣûҪⰡ
ɢϯԪսǽϳĻ˳ӣעЩԶ볤֦
ؼͣ
ɿֳЦܲڵǴɣ
ԪȻᣬ࿴һ磬Ǳ߾ҪǺһ֣ˣ¸ܸˣ
𿴳¼ҸӱˮݣԪԼǸף֪׶ԼҺӡ
ؼ֪̾ˣվ͸öд裬ֱܶܣҲûôˡ
ɣʲô˼ҵǹֲ㣬Ҳƽ֣
ԪҪȥϢ
̫ˣʵ׸ֺã÷ĸʲôؼҾշѵ˼궼࣡
.
Ӫвһ˯˻ƻ裬ʱȸǦƵġ
ܵȥͬţڴˡ
С̫ཫĻȥԪvһͽ˽ڵǱߣٴų¾̽㡣
ԭҲڣʱȻͬУȥ
ϡʱڴͷơһһҵذȡ
ûˣûѾֻͣ¾ڣ㣬Ҫʲôճ
¾ֹ
Ԫv˵ˣҪԼȥ
˵һ룬üԪvʱĿڣ֮ͬܶûչ˺ý㡣
¾ڣ
ơЦա
ˣ˹
ܲڴϳԣѾҪ¾ڼǸȵļԪvԿţ߹ȥݷ˵ر𳤹ٰ˷ŵϯλϡ
ԪvۻΪẦߣ㷴һ˵ģɼƽʱڽǰҲ˵ţ
÷ʱ¾ֻĬĬؼв˳Է
ܵ죺ϰܵкθܣ
Ԫv۸пҳʿؼҾӢ£ԭֿɵá
üʧԣôܵҲ˵ʲôؼҾ
ԪvЦƺŶѣҳĶ࣬۸˾ʤԪҲڣµľȴԪ£бšؼҾɥ˵Ԫȷʵǿǿֻ޲ٶ֧ؼҾҾҾ
ڳǽϣᵽؼҾԪvȷʵЩ죬ɿϰٿ⣬Ԫv۱Ҳ̫ˡԪǧһӢ˵͢ԸӦֻҪԪʼձһŶԳ͢ģԪvҲԸԪ
еĵܵܣȻɬĿȴ˺顣
ţʱܵԪɻʵߵ̫ˣʵ۵Ҳʱᷢ仯ڵܵܲ˵ʱԪһ״ܵܳ嶯֮ҪԪֻҪ˿ڣΪ͡ʥּתء
黢ˡ
ûԪʲôֻżͷԷЦ֧¼Ҿء
Ԫv˳Ž߿ȥͼͻȻ벻ӢǺ
µй£ʽ㣺Ǻ⣿
͵ЦƵĽ˳¾ڳǽϵǷ׳˵ͷʱѾǰĵ̶ˡ
Գ¾ڵս˵⻰ȷʵΪ
Ԫvȴͬͣ㿴־ԪvȴͣѵֲؼͣػΪһԱ󽫣Ϊո׳־ûУǰͷʲôƾ˵⻰޾͸ǽ㣬ĪҪһζؿǡ
𾪵ؿŵܵܣϵЦݽ¶ŭί
µֵܽãĺܵʾģͷѾĵܵҲǳ¡
ʱί̬һ
˵ػԪvϾˡ
¾ڼʱ̨ףĪֳȷʵǳˣ과ս˵˻š
Ԫv͵㡣
¿ӣ͵ҳԺˣǽСӲһˣȥ԰ɣñɨ̸ˡ
Ԫvۣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
¾ƵƵʹɫɳȥˡ
Ӫʣ¾ڳ˿ù˵Ԫv۵鲻õʱ򣬾͵˳ûõģʱҲȥ
ԪvۣҲǨŭˣ
¾ڣᣬϲˣϲصģȻ߸糤Ӧþˡ
Ԫvͬļ򣺡ˡ


162 
ҹī, ǽµľӪһƬžֻз쪡
죬ֵҹʿ, ʱΡ
ӪУץŵµĳ涷
⻪Ķ߹شϵĵм, һձ̺
ԣôкβʣҲҹ䣬ֻҹ̫ķ̫ᡣ
˿Ӫ, һ
ˡ
¾ʲôЦ, ߵҪأ
ļ
¾ץסһ, ֪ʲô, ҲŪ
Χˣɿ, û, ͷвͨ, ŷϷŪˡ
òҪֻһ, , ؾҲʹ졣
ģ¾ڿڵ, һǱü, ճǻ
ǲһ, ǻĿ, ʱֻ̫, ±֪»һ
ھӪ¾ԽϲҲԽΪѡ
ǣ¾ڰﳤ˸ٰס졣
.
֮ǰ¾ڳһӡ
ΪǷּǰ󷽷ڳӪйҹҲߡ
ֻҲ̫٣ո͸һ˿΢⣬¾ˣоʱƴӶɵľ崲֨һ
ѡ
¾ڴӺ汧סļͷȻ᲻ᣬٰ㰴
磬Ȱѵʰˡ
¾ЦЦƿ
ʰ
ϻǳʱӣ֬Ķҳһţ¾Ӷ˶Ҳûܶƽ塣
𿴳õıȻϲİ֮ﱻ̣ˣ϶Ҫˡ
¾̧ͷȻü⡣
ͼֲͷϴϴϴһɹָܻƽ
񣬳¾ȥĳëձ̺
һ¾ڲЦֻձ̺мƬëѹƽˣϥǹĵطԲȦ
Ҳϴϴ
ܳûп¾Ѹٰձ̺
ֱӱȥٿһۣ
.
Ԫv̽ΪǶ˫ȵĽ㡣
һȷˣ˾òͻȻ;󳣼֢״ֻվµ˲Ҫ˲·޴󰭡
Ԫv۷ĵǣĸȻãѾĿڽǰ㣬һغɫ
ϰҪͬУ
緹ʱԪvʡ
ȥɣΧ䡣
յϰصڰɽˣҲӪУϾ¾סģţ֪ǳۣ֪Ļ֪Ҫô롣
Ԫv۱չ˽㡣
ãɣڿ˳ۡ
Ԫvףԭֻԭ
¾ڼʥȥ߾ϰȥĴ˹䣬˽һµصķ顣
Ǽֹ飬һЩ˺ʻҲ֪޲̸
ЩĽʿգѹǮƻаŮڼһΪָʹǧٻЩ٣ǵЩ˸ʿǣ֮١ȻʼеģԴԪþϳͼͷ±Ҳûзˡ
ᵽش󽫾Ƕ޲ڣЩΪս֮ĵذգڵ֪ԪְܱѼҰ˻
ЩӵӣжԪľҲԽ
ȻԪܹڼҲй֧Ĺ͡
죬Ȼָòˣı߾ϰһؿˡ
³ʥݷؼݳǣסݡ
ݣ¾ڿ϶Ҫ뻪ͬסˣֻǻƻŻ·ֲԤʲôעֻʵʵ˯
ʥݾҪļƻҲٵˡ
ȳ¾ϴɵϣؼͱһаӮ𣿡
¾ڣȫԸĻʤ˵ɶɰɣش󽫾Ƣؼܻҡ
ЦЦ
¾ھ񣬿Դ󣬲ΪȡҵԼ
ش󽫾мʤ㣿ʡ
¾ڿû֣˵󽫾սҹƻ䡣
Ȼûʤ㣬¾вս֮⣬Ԫһ
ֱԵӦҲˣش󽫾Ը׹磬Գ¼ҶãҪӣ̸̸ܵ
ֻôһ䣬¾ڱˣУȥһܵˣȻҪ̽
˼¾ڵĴοȴҲЩġ
ƿƣ˲ֵԪС֣ˡ
¾üһûˣˣ
֮Լպ÷ִ磬Ū˽ǡ
¾ָĽëôķΪ˸סǳ¼ңΪش󽫾Ϊܵܣ
ΪҲΪԼ
ͳúõģܵܵĳ͢Ȼ̩񰲣ܸǡ
¾ıǼ⣬Ŀ⣬ϧҡ
գ¾ԪvǰîȷԪvòǸȵ͵ľֻ͵ıǹȥؼд衣
ؼһǹ֪¾ڶηȥȡõĻͷǹ
Ϊش󽫾ĳӣؼ͵ĻͷǹȻҲˣش󽫾ý鱦ȰÿԼĶӡ
˲ȥ䳡
ǻ·ϣ˴ҴȥԪvۣϣشԼսϾҪˣ
͢ԪԪvߣԣ͢ԼҶһͨʲôӡ̡޷ȵȡ
Ԫv۶ˣĶ䶷дܻѧϰн棬ͨѵ
ͣǣѣһ׮̸¸ôͳʧȥˣҺˣȻ˭д裬Ҫһ١
͢
ԪҲԼҶӲǫãȿڵĳ¸϶Ԫvۡθ죬׾æʱĿڣЦȰ¸ϲؽ黳дѣھ̫ˡ
֪ܲ͢д߷
Ϊؼͣﲻʹ죬ȥؼơ
ԪvҲôģִǰ䳡
ǱҲõϢϵ䳡ʱ¾ؼѾ˼ʮغϡ
ѰʿǹдʱҲȫһɿ͡
¾ڡؼȴе̳д裬磬ǹӰֻǼգ۵Ĺ˾ʹ䳡һͷ׷һͷʱ㹥ҷʱƴת
֪ÿ˷ɵıǹǿ¾ڵ
˶䳡Ͼʾ׵䶷ûע⵽֣߬ע⵽ʼ׷һˡ
ֻ誣źۼؿ˻Ρ
һһ˳ǹգбɳ䳡һ˵Ŀյء
ͬʱ¾ڵǹͷͣؼǰ
ؼͿЦˡ
¾ڴþˣûнķˮ
ǹһתǹβأǹͷϡ
¾ڳǹĿֱֱ䶨ЦŸԪϣ󽫾֪ɷͽһ
ͻȻԪ
͢ˣֻԪv۲Ϊѵ͢ʾؿʵۡ
ԪvޣټϷų¡ض˴ú죬ûзؼʵ¾ڣԴʱͦΰӰµİؼԪv۶ԽĽϲ
Ԫv۶ϲˣýԪǴ
ʵۿֲӴתԪ
Ԫˣǻˬʵصãĩ֣
ӦõģһСԺͳ
̨֮ǰԪ޵ص˳͢һ
¸ϣȻɱĩ氡


163 
¾ؼдʱƷָʹĹٷ, Ԫϳ󣬳¾ڽˣֻһɫ¡
ΪŴü, ǰغ󱳶˺, ճ˶ļ
۵ԪˣЦƽҲȸ˴һϢƬ̡
¾ڿп޵̬ȡ
Ա߹ս˷ˣǸԪv۴ӾЩָʹ, Ԫ֡
ս⡣
ԪvԪԼѡ֡
Ԫָʹأؼͬ, ĩҲֵͬġ
ظոҲս֮, ¶Ц, ۶ߵͬţϳˡ
Ԫóõ, ĩõǹ, ⳡֻȭ, Σ
⻰йά֮⣬Ҳ˵, ָʹ߹ؽʿˡ
ЦЦ, ֵ¾ͳˣ
Ѯҵ佫ȭţʲ綷ǹⲫٵ뾫׳
ʹ, ϱڹĸ￴һ
, ĸЩ, ѵ, ԴòعֶŮĴ, ϣѧŮ˵Ŀһ˳ҹؼįʱҲȷʵıܣֻİ뵽ȴȥĳ¾ڡ
˼˴һתͶ䳡ͬԹ۶˱Եĳ¾ڡ
վñֱ˫ֱأǹǹ˱̬ؼһҸ¡
λεӢݣĶͷظһϸ
ͻȻ۳߿
һ£ʶ΢΢ˣԱߵĳƵסԼ
֮󣬻ҲûǱơ
䳡ϣԪػ߬ŶԷֱۣԪŰأؾ׳˫ȷ·˵˿ͼԪƷڵأԪֺɽȻͦ
Ƭ̣һЦͬʱɿ֣ٻ޼䡣
Ͼһǻʵߵĵһţһǻʵر߹صĴ󽫣ĸ˶ÿ
Ԫv۶˸ղŵıҲ⣬ֻڴԪǹ
¾ǹϳԪҲӹǸսʮˮǹʯǹīֻǹ溮ݡ
ˮǹһΧһȦȲʡ
޳ǹͷȴʼ䡣
Ѿ
ؼ͵ǹʦ׵ͬǹԪʩչٶԶʤؼ͡
¾ɫȴ⣬ʱѸͷʱܣܽ·磬ȴŲңץסᷴ
͢վԪvһ࣬Ͱ
ˣźӣصǹףѵõԣʤ˱ҳ£м԰ܼƽĴ֮ˡ
͢Ҫǫ鼸䣬ͺȻһתֿ͢ⶼĹͰϸСҪôԽԽԱųҪôԽԽηܱȵۿѡΪ˵и֮ˣߵǺ·
͢
һŶ͵Ԫvǡ
̫СʱܵĿˣ
ߵ̸֮ʣ䳡м䣬¾ںȻһԾܿԪǹɾδ֮ʣԪˮǹȻԳѱٶȷһתֱ¾ڶȥ
д裬ȻԪһǹɳ¾ڵǹ
ԪԳ¾ֵ˽⣬֪¾ܸܵĹҲ϶¾ڶ޿ɶȻҪ־ܡ
ԪĿѵǣСӾͻתһǧ˵а˰ٵçײ񣬰߼ӭǹͬʱһǹ
ʯԪҧɰСһǹŪܾˣҲŭ͢ǿ
Ԫû㣬¾ڵǹȴڴ۵˲䣬ͣˡ
еĻ棬үϥڵأѩ׵½ѪȾ죬ȴȻһЦгǹԪĿڣһǹĴ̽ȥ󽫾Σ
Ԫ
˵ΪβҴ̣ⲻǸ鷳
㣬㣬дѣֺα˽棡
ѾˣԪһǹ˶ӻʹϧؼ¾ڡ
ϳ¾ڣ¾ȴƿһס˿ڣĿֱֱؿΧȺеĳ·˵ش󽫾ı¶УؼͱΣ
ֻǣûãͻȻһΡ
Ԫֵطסɽ
֣߬˳ֳжĵģȴǷŭ
¾˵˳ܲ
̩ɽǰ治ɫĳ¸ϣԪˮǹ׶˲ӣʱһ£ͼʱס
Ԫv۱ϵѪŵˣȵ촫̫ҽ
һң¾ڱ̧ýϽ׸Ժ䣬Ҳˮ
ֻԪvۡ͢ԪԼλܹһֱң̫ҽΪΡ
̫ҽȼүϵ˿ڡ
ȫѪþģԱȥ
ңֻʧѪ࣬δ˼Ҫ
ȷû֮ǣ̫ҽҲ˿˿ڸϽֹѪ
Ԫȳ͢ôιȥˣ
̫ҽԣѾǿ֮ĩܴˣ߶޴󰭡
Ԫ亹ܡ
͢ǻָ򶨣Ȱ嶯ʤ̫ǿܴ󽫾޹أ󽫾ع𡣡
ԪҪ˵ԶͻȻһߡ
Χڴǰ뿴ȥͼ˪ŭӳ͢ϵǿÿ˵Ǵ硢磬Ҳ˵Ȼ֮𣿡
ָ͢ɨԪһۡ
Ԫһ亹Ÿ׵ⲻˣиɽ
͢ϱܶγмӣջǳһγƢ
ʣǳӡˣֻҪԪģˣƫϴġ
ɳͷϣʱ˵ʲôǴ
͢Ψй
ԪǳȥٴΪ
ᡣ
Ԫvֻó䵱У͢Ԫ˵⣬Ԫûд͢Ҳֻ˵οȴ˽顣
Ƕ°ɣҵģ޸ɡ
ߵߣ˵
Ԫv˽Ƣʹɫó͢Ԫȳȥ
һߣֻʣͷչ̫ҽԼܡ
Ӱ̫ҽߵһࡣ
Ԫv۸ᡣ
Ԫv۴סˣ˸ʼݱӣټޡ
Ϊ̫ʱ򣬽óӣңڳǽϿؼͣɴףǸçײģΪһȻҪˣû£и̣˻ô˵ңʷֻдң
ԪvףԭǱ¸ŵˡ
ȷʵ¾Ԫǹ£׷򣬱Ȼ䵽ͷϣʱȫԼ˶ڸջˮ
Ԫvæο㣺ֻ龪һ㲻Ҫѹˡ
ίӣѵԺһܿж˲ɣ
Ԫvۣ̫ˣ¸ϵ̬ȽҲˣôף΢һ㣿
ᣬվƬ̣ЭðɣԺעЩ
Ԫv۰˿
治װ


164 
¾ڲ֪ʱ, Ԫv۽ֻ£ͽеܵȥæѳ¸ϡش󽫾ϰɣ޲, Ҳüǡ
Ԫv⣺ˣ, ֪ҡ
ͷȴֻסѾ߿ĵܵܣĵûŵɣ㻹ǵһμⳡ档
ԪvһȣֲСˡ
ﻹˮɫǱȽ߳һͷҲԶǵܵܡ
ԪvսСԼ, Ϊůڵ, Ťһ, 첽ȥ
ĳ, ԺﴫһйԱڹ, ûþʧˡ
ƹ, ̫ҽΪ¾ҩ
ѪѾֹס, ˴Ҳһҩۣ̫ҽСĵذ, ɴƹļ羱һȦ
æ, ̫ҽͷԳصģ׳, Ȭ
ͷ, ȥϢ, ٽ
̫ҽ, ĳơ¡һЩտ֮
̫ҽҲ, ǰ
Ȼɴס˳¾ڵ˿ڣ˿ڴѪȻɴ͸˳
ôǹ棬һСģܻὫ¾ڵļ̸Դǣ¾ӭȥʱûп׼ǹܴҪ
¾۾ǡÿһԶ£ƼѸתȥ
¾Ҽ磬̧Ū˿ڣŴƽֱۣƵߣָͷȲ֪࣬װģʲôӡ

¾˵Եģҿˣͷ˵ˣȸס
ͷɬƽһۣȴ֪˵ʲô
¾ס֣˺ˣĲ˵ѵͷһ٣ƾֵˡ
ɡ
¾ƫҪ˵װģˣ
Ĭ
ϷģҲ׹ˣǹ˭ҳڵʱ¶ǰ㿪Ԫɻ֪¾ԲˣΪļƻҲͬΪ˹¼Ҳðա
֪߲֣ɹô˵һҵ𣬳𹫵Ǿ䣬Լֲ弸棬Ϸ
¾ڷҶϰˣңԴҲˣֻûѡ
ס֣Ҷϸ˿ڡ
¾ڣ󽫾һǹ۵ҵ˰
ʶؾȥˡ
¾ڣϽһҾͲˡ

¾ָָԼ졣
˫ִһ˿ϷʣҪռıˣģôѪˡ
ָסۣëҶһʵʵˡ
ŸӡĴ
¾ڸſڣǰ˿ŰɣٵǱġ
¾̾˳ǰ˳󰡣Ӫɲ
һۡ
.
¾װ˯һʱˣϢȥԪv۵̽
ǨŭԪɫ
¾ڵǻԼͷϣԪҲ˵ЦģԪָǹ
Ԫ룬ǲܱˣҲ¾д裡
ˣžҲã˶˿
ոջͣ¾һתԼͷۣͻȻԻ̧һǱ߰ɣסһ
ۣ֪͢ʲô
ϵؽȥԤľܡ
Ԫv۳ԶͳĸҪ͢ԶҲĿ
ĸС̫Эүᵽľϣٵų¸ϵ潫Ը׵˵ү̧˳齵Ժӡ
ڹԱԪv۳ϯɢϯŸظҡ
ܱԪһݾͲ̬ؿ̫ʦϣԵαһơ
ؼʾ˶£Űο׵Īҿ¸ϡûй˼
Ԫ۶ӣЦĿǻܲôģǾֻԼ֪ˡ
ɵӲŻӻ档
ɣǵСˣҲ˼ƽϣϴսĽʿϡ
Ԫ׸㲻Ҫǵͨʿ
üͷԴѾ¸ϻؾãͻҸڶԸˣҲñٲܽ
󽫾Ϊ͸˹ٳôᱻĶ˵
ûЪΣ磬ԪװûƵȥǰݡ
ڰƻʱ֣ԪvҪȥϢˣԪһڹԱߣȻס͢Ͽҵĩȥ֪̽ɷ·
ˣǵһ죬һˡ
ڹԱ뿴׸ˡ
͢ԳصͣȥֻǨŭ㣬󽫾Լȥɡ
˵꣬͢ˡ
ڹԱ
Ҳе
ССؿһֵڹԱѸɢˡ
ؼͣףȥ
᳤ӵ˳ԪĸҴϳӣСͬǱãȥҲ¡
գԪڰ֣жǶȥţһλ·ɫϵ˳ݾӵıԺ
ԺǰµйԱ̽¾סǰԺ
ڴ¾˵˵ش󽫾̽˸ղɫ
󽫾
Ƴȥ
¾ڿŲǱ߶ĳʣžУҲҪ˵ʲô
ѹ㣬¹ҡ
ܿ죬洫Ų˶ش󽫾ڳ󣬱ƵĽСĵ÷·һֻһ˿µľнɫ˲硣
ʵԪ³¾ڣµһͺܲǵĳ
˵ʺ۾ϷͷϣسһٱӣӻȻݰдŸȵ۸һ״ֱӵϣȵǵһޣ
޴ޣүܴ򣬴һ󽫾ڻ£
ңԪһ۾ͿڴߵĳǲҲĻˣ
ûɶԪ񣺡ĩ
°ɡ
Ԫ
Ÿʹߣô
Һãǡ
Ԫģͱָ߸Ѹ
󽫾񡣡
Ԫ˿վֱ󣬹еؿڴɫõˣ
¾ЦƤˣ󽫾ӦñžǣûʲôˣҲרŹ̽ˣȥԵҽ
Ԫ룬ǽϵһŵڶ׸Ӿŵ
߶󽫾ϻǺܳϿҵģǹĩһ͵ģָ̣ҾȻΪ˷ִ磬һ䣬עһЩⷬࡣ
¾ڣ
ƨĹֱǹһ¯࣡
ҲȥˣԪ󽫾ڶغʱֻǸɽ֪ܵ꣬εº֣󽫾ǫѷ£ȴſڿӣʧ˳ġ
¾ڣȵȣȥɽΪ˴ԣԲϰôͳɽܣִ֪Ӻ˵𣿡
졣
¾ڱǱˣɫȴ
Ԫˣʲô˼ոڿ
Ա׼һӣ̧֣ЦŶԪ󽫾
Ԫٴס
˵ʱһ亮ѩɵıĵ񳤹ȻһЦǾǧıĵůڻĴĵӺݻ˫
ҺԪһˣǽĴ󽫾ûбɫ
ԱߵӣԥƬ̣ȥ˫ַϥϣڽš
ˣδ֮ǰеĴ󽫾ɽΰһǣȴʱ󽫾ǰȴһ۶ңսսıұֻᡣ
Ԫŵ̧ͷֱӼ֮ĳ
᣺󽫾һ𣬿ûкʵɣòһƣҲòԴ󽫾𱸣ȻۿŴ󽫾ΪСǰ۽ڣʵڲ
ٰտش󽫾ܡ»ӢۣܵĹݣ
ԪؿųֺϣŪҲһƬʪȵġ
Գ͢ǰ㰢ķˣںһҵĳ
ӦõģŶʮͷСܸС棿
ǣɽŮӿĳϸ˵ôһůѵĻԪ㷢ȷʵЩίεЩͲֵһίΣҲΪʧӰ١
һֱųͷ׾ذοС£С£Īޡ
ÿսǰԴϣ治Щ
ӣһӿᣬʧ̬
¾ص˵ҡ
һۡ
ԪԶСޣĩΪηҪְ취и̣ĩҲֻл
侲ΪҪ󽫾˵ģϵ븸׵ǰ̡
Ԫ㶲ŷӦеĸָ¸ϡ
Ԫɫĩϴ
Դ׿ʼﳯʼնйԱ뷽跨Ҫ۸ڸͷϣŴ󽫾Ҳţ
Ԫףϰߵ͢ƨ¸ΪΪǴʹ֮ϡ̫ӢᱻЩСɱΡ
¾һǻñ
Ԫ
ǳ¸ϵ׶
Ȼͳɴ󽫾û븸˽УһЩץסѱǻڸ븸ףڸ߽ᣬǳ͢ɡ
Ԫɫ䣬ͨ򵽳ǰĩңĩ췢ġ
˵
Ԫ
¾ĴߣҪȥóȥ
ģԪֲòվ
ö췢ģҺΪ븸׽ã޷ս̫Ϊ˶òãվĺὫǶǱȴ֮͢޷ʹʩչһ죬ǳ͢ĹҲǳΣκ
ԪۿһȣĶ
ֻһŮҲ˹ٳǼ¼ҵĳϤϵ飬Ҳϸ׵ΪˡͬŴ󽫾ģ˱߹غ븽մ¼İҶԴ󽫾İ֮գҲһ·
󽫾зǲдŷУʲô£Ҳ֧ɵдţֻԸ׵ĹԱݺ׵İѱ
ҪܷΪָһ·
Ԫһͣһ˫ضų
ЦҪ񣬾͸Ͱɣ׻ϣ׸ỻˣΨϽΣҲЩͳ
ԪĿ΢
Ц󽫾ǲǾãϻ٣˵Ļڸã
Ԫæĩң
ôġѾ˵ˣװϧĲŸɣֻҪغüһֱ֧Ҳˡ񣬲õκζĺôТϣһ˼ֻڻϣϸܵˣʱڻ϶˵븸׹Ļţ
Ԫҡ
˳յܵܶؼҾĿԶΪĻҪǱ߾£Ҫǹʢǿڻʹ޷ͳ˧߾ֻЩ󽫡ڻϣؼҾڻϣֻҪôش󽫾ˣµؼҾȻܵϵá
һŰͽڸûϲɣʱǰ̻ˣؼҾܵǣؼҾɢˣ˭أ˭ܱؼҾصøã
Ԫɫ䡣
ȻԼǰȣؼҾİΣøء
֪ȥˣ󽫾ڻϣŻϣˣҲŷģҲֻĳ൨ģŻûɡ
Ԫٴι£óϷصģĩܽˣ
ߵǰַλ󽫾Ҳ󽫾һŵֻҪڣһڻǰԣ˭ȵ۴ҵĴޱ˭ϡ
Ԫû뵽ʱĳô޴ʱȴ׿ڸô޻
Ѿϰ߰ķеش󽫾һȴʧ֪αԼĸм
ЦЦһҪѴ󽫾һ䣬ԣǧҪʲô˻;Ķ
Ԫպ
һ꣬׸͹زĺ׸һ۷磬ô˲ҩոպã
£ô֪
ĩĩң
ţ󽫾ڴҲһ󣬸ûȥˣոǷ󽫾ܣҪκˣλӡ
ԪȻ˵ϵʮؼҾĽὫܴײģ
úϢĩˣ
֣һԪתȥ
˿
¾ոպлѵͷ͹ˣвĶ
˵һθȷʵˣûա
¾ڣ
Ҳεҡҡͷش󽫾ǣİ¡
ϱӣܵΪµĵǹ߽
߽ȻԪ
ʱ׸һڹԱܵɽȥ飬Ǿϱ㽫ʮԪ빫šеΪ̰Ӳ̰ɫԪǰұ˻涼ѰزˣǣԪдžȻԳơȮһ䴵֮ԣȻǰѹ˻ǰ棡
ټԪһʮְԵܶĽƣҲΪλܶ˿׸߽ᡣ
ʱ򣬻׵ܵΪôģϤĽ̵Ϊ͢Ϲᣬܵƫ̻ܲڽ¼ҡ
ת꼴ȥȻ֢ڡ
ǵܵԹ˹ŻкԹۡ


165 
콥ˡ
¾ڿȻڴߵĳ, ٩طϢĪչһ
ûô룬չ, ֻó¾޷
һγ⿴ȥ
¾ڣȥ˯ɣͷҪˡ
ǲΪ, ûȴһܡ
¾ס֣ʣ˳ͷӶңͷȴְɫǲˣ

¾ڣƣ㻹ͷ, ʲôûֻ΢ﰤ˾, , ĻزǷǵѪܻһۣ
, ʱ죬ƽ͵صʹ, ƽʱһĶڹ, ϸ, ں㣬ǰҲôæҪʱԽ̵, ֮֮, ׾ˡӲ㣬ҲʹȻԽ, ׵ԽҪ𡣡
ϱӻеĹ, ˡ
ⱲֹҲһЩɴС, Գ͢ŻѪ, ӹ, Իϣ˼ҳ˹£ʲôҪģɽѵ˹һ٣Ϊ˰߷ش󽫾̸¾Ҳ⵱˹棬Ūķ·ˣ˼ѹ
¾ڣ֪ܲʲôƢİɣڹٳһӣϺˣֻλ˳ôģֻרԵ˭ġϺϺ꣬ѾµıʲôˣȻˡշתࡣ
˿ȻʣǲҲͦ˼ҵģ
¾ڵ۾û͸ø¼ոˣָأ
Ц
¾ڣЦʲô
֣ûʲôȻײҲûҪԼϢɡ
¾ץסСָǣ˿ڣò
¾ҧǲǣʲôͷӲûҪߣ
֪ǹģֺα⡣
¾ڣҲУ㲻̹ˣͱߡ
ͻȻ̧֣ɫһƬƣסүϰ
ֻǳϵȵĳУ¸㣬¾ҲʵؿӰ
һΣԼĴ¾ڱſڣͬʱֿסԣѵˮ
ѹϵˣš
׵ҪŲסˣ¾ڲδطȴס֡
û̹
¾¶⣺̹ˣĵطֿʼ̹
˳߿ȥƳģӰӱһĿ첽ƹ硣
¾ڿǱͣƬ̣ǵûôˣȻȥ
һߣˣ۵ؿԼ
¾ڲҪۣưɣҪ˯ˡ
󣺡
үûǰ˵ЦģԴүһĶڳϣԽûˣ
ˣǰ̸ߣҹҪչˡ
׸Ժ͢Ƶҹǵݹĸۡ
źʮūȰϣˣϢɣջҪݣûôУ
͢ͷҲ̧صٿһ⡣
ҡҡͷȰʢˮͭŵǰ
ϴˮˣ͢ҲֻܿһӾ˴ߡ
ΪϴţƵĵҲ֪ˣôѪҿŶۡ
͢˺ߣҵģԹ˭
壺Ӳﲻ˭
͢ҵΪҪ
壺ԽԽǰ˰죬ɶȵͷġ
͢һЦ˼ܸϱȣ
ֻǰæµһҹմ˯ĳ¸ϣ˺ܾûʮѣҲ֪׺ʱ˯ˡ
峿͢緹ͼ߽ϣ˵ش󽫾ˣרŵȥ̽ء
·ͻȻش󽫾һֱڻߣ޷ڣ̽˻ɲ׼
͢üֻԪ̧ˣҲȥ˵ʲôֻ֪
ϢҲԪv۶С
ʣԪv۲ûе£ʲ񣺡¸Ͽȥ̽ˣ
񣺡ȥ
ԪvҡҡͷͷƢͦ󣬹ȻǶ̫࣬ϡˡôصˣʾȪ֮µ֪¶ܼ
ùţԪv۴Ų̽λ׵Ŀ
¾Ѿҩˣ÷ڴͷŷι
Ԫvɻôڣ
¾һ£͵ܾȣϿû˯ãڲߡ
Ԫvۣ
аɣȳ¸ϻҪĴĽˣ
Ԫvۣ󽫾֪
¾ڳֻ֪ûгʾ⣬Ҳ󽫾ȥȰ󽫾󽫾Ҳߡ
Ԫvۣ
ʱ洫Ųûãʢװĳ٣Ԫvۣôô͹ˣùˣ
Ԫv۳ѾλεĴ⣬ȴǿʲô˽ĺѣᵽԪ㣬󽫾һƬģǿ콫ɡ
ܵӣȥ롣
ԪһܱٷݵģֻǼλˣǸϻ̳Ͽֵģ
ܵܣ䲻ȵص󽫾ˣ˵ˣԼ嶯󽫾޹ء
ԪЦΣĩǹ£ĩΪ׼һЩҩֻտ
ͷǷƪˡ
¾ﶼȥˣԪvһҪ뿪
Ԫæϣ棬Ԫ͵͵Ԫvۺüۡ
ԪvЦ󽫾£
Ԫһͨ͸Ԫv۹ˣϣĩ治ǹİ
Ԫvۣ޵Ȼ֪û㣬󽫾𡣡
Ԫӷ·׷ɱֻǰԪv۲ܾʥĩ¸϶ĩôĩ񣬳¸ȴĩϼǼǺˣ¸ֻǸĩɫĩžǣ³¸ϣ¸ϻؾĩСЬ
˵ԪԽԽͣɫҲԽԽί
Ԫvۣ
Ҳû뵽ܡŷɥش󽫾˽¾Ȼһˡ
Ԫv۶˶٣Ԫ֧УҲ¸Ԥһݺ񡣡
Ԫĩ֪ϲʲôǰĩ͹ˡƷ¸϶ĩ˻ˣĩһ٣ĩֻЩֵǮزʾ⣬ɾգĩˣֵǮãֵǮĩոնТˣ治֪ܸ¸ʲô
Ԫv۷·֪£㻹¸͹ˣ
Ԫһ죬ҿĩԭڶϿ¸Ͼټܱĩţ¸ĩ϶ĩõô㡭
ԪvЦ󽫾ˣ߷ڣ֪ΣΪ˽
Ԫǣ¸Ǹ߷ڣĩͱһǹϴȣ϶Թĩˣϣĩ¶٣ĩĩƲ佫ĩҪżĩܷģĩΪΪѳ޵ø̣ѻøĩһǻϳȫ
˵꣬صظԪvۿһͷ
ԪvѾۼԪĳǣԪʮ򾫱Ӫڵ
͢ϧţԪvͬϧţ
˫ַԪŵ󽫾ģֻҪڳ͢ޱһֱؼ򡣡
Ԫϲ⻰ĩԺ޺֮ˣҲҲڿ˼˭ˣ
ԪvЦЦ
Ⱦ˻صԪv۵ıԺ͢ȸԼܶڡָʹصѾʱ
ͣϣ֪Σ
ԪvЦЩˣλصġ
͢Ԫ
ҲĬĬع۲͢Ԫ
Ԫе飬漴ʲôְͦһվԪv
Զ׼ش󽫾Ѿõ˻ϵ֧֣Ҳ³¸ˣ


166 
ճ͢Ȼûȥƶӵ˼
ȻҲû, Ҫ뼸λϴǵݹӣҪԪvټ߹ؽʿûС
ƻʥݴصݳ, Ԫv³ʱһ紵, ֻ۾ܷʱֺĳ͢һѳ׶ˣϿɵɫٷҲϣճһĹٵΡ
ͬ, ˼Һ;ݵо, ͢ռүı˳һſ, Եɷ, ÿǺÿʵӹǲûжӲ, ˵ķٿһЩ, Ҫ׸˴ܡ
, ͷһֱڸǳɽµ, ټ϶Ҳ˵Ķ, ϵ㲸޴Ρ
ϵԶ裬Ԫv۴Ӽ߾г͢ˣ̵͢ʱȵۻ, Ƚ, Ԫv, ʲôش󽫾, Խ͢ȥ
ǰ͢ѵ, Ԫv۵Ȼͷ˳ۣڳ͢º̬ͣԣԪvֲûģﲻۡ
ݣԪv۶Գ͢ˣȥ
С£ʵۿˣ˻͢϶Ӧˣֻǽȥӣ͢һСˣѾȥ̽ʵڲٹǣҡ
ԪvһǲԸһˣ
͢
ͬؿⷢƢʵۣ̾ԽƫԽš
Ԫv۰˵ǣӣȻֻһ׵Ľ򡣡
̫ЦŴԲϾͿȥɣҲǸ̨أ׵Ĳ׹ġ
͢޻˵ˡ
ıԺڳ¾ߣ˵ˣ¾ڵȻرܣú㸸˵˵ٹ
ǰֵԽ죬¼ԽкôֻԼˣ˹ġ
¾ڲԸ⣺Ȼˣ͸һҲ˵Ҳġ
ɣ
¾ڱŴͷһߣȥˣ۾װ˯
ԺԼ׸ˡ
Ҿĵģ͢˽һɨ緢ִŸӰ
ͣ͢ٵߣ̻ұ߼ڴϣ۾ţȡ
ȻǼӣɽҲʮˣƢСʱһֻĻ⺢ӽЩ꣬ûиǹʲô鷳ι͡ŮһﶼԸ⻤֤ԶΪ㡢¡
͢ڴͷ£һסĺӣͷҪ͸ɴµơ
ϧҲʲô
͢ٿ˶٣ʣˣⰤģ
װ˯ү˯ˣ
͢һϴǰû
¾۾ĿͷԶŽѾϸƵ϶Ƭ̣ҵûʲôѵһ䣬ԼˣͰ͵Ȱ죬ˣȰο䡣
͢͸ִȰȻǸӵģźӵˣǰˡ
¾ڶˣʲôҲö˵
͢ٿӣǲԪҲ취˵´ʲôǰ˵ҳ棬ðա
ûϵҪӶϱİĵز
¾ڣվҪˣԸ󽫾̸ദװ˲ɣҲ˵䵽ｲ󽫾⿴Ҳδͨǿ쵶ն顣
ϵԪvۣǻҲֻдӳ˵ش󽫾ŷ
Ѿ̸۱Ҳû壬͢ͷû£г𡣡
˵䣬һƬĬ
һۣͬʱƿߡ
æ׸ˣһ£ˡ
ү͡
ʱ̫̣ȻӦ͢Ѿ뿪˱Ժ
븸׶˵ʲôˣֻܸ¾ڴ
¾ڱָļ仰ظ

¾ڣ˵ˣϺһҪۡ
˳Ļ㣬ˣҲûһ䣬۲۵ġ
¾ڣϡʣʵĸ
һۡ
ڼݳǵһգûʲô·ֻԪvԹһˣߣó¾ˡ
¾ڣ鷳ˣֻҲڳš
Ԫvѯʵؿ㡣
Ȱ˵¾ڣ㻹°ɣһ·ƼأĸǱߣҪûչ˺㡣
¾ڣչ˺Լ鷳ڴˣΪ֤
Ԫvۣ˰ˣǾһ·ȥɣ
ܲ⸱±µĿ
.
ʥգ󽫾Ԫսһֱͳʮء
ҪˣԪۿԪv۰ݱ˵ĳǰһεơ
¾ڿϣɫϿҵس֣󽫾壬лᣬԸ󽫾ͬս
ԪЦЦһԵĳ
ԪȻɼĳǣܰΣȫи󽫾ˡ
ԪɫģĩڣաӼԽһ
ףʾ⳯Ʒӡ
ǰ
Ԫǣսõ·ԣá
ڣ¾ڼͬʱһ̾
¾ڣ̾ʲô᲻شӣ
̾ʲô
¾ڣ룬ȵûΪҴͻ飬ҿܻ߹˵ڴ󽫾¡
ҲҸ˵һǡ
¾ڣǲУȵ۰иңҵúúչ㣬ȱ߹ս£Ҳ١
ɫһ뵽˸ʼݱǰԣ£
¾ںȻ˿סҼϵˣУǵš
˲廳ˣСط¡
ÿͣ£̫ҽ鿴үƣôţѮʥһлصʱ¾ڵ˿Ѿһǳ裬˵Ҷұۣٲٲɴ
ϵ֪ˣæ̽һᣬһֶеûȥ˼ش󽫾һϸ״
Աţ¾ڹǱܵ䣬Ѿȫĸﲹˡ
ϸ¾ȫ෴¼ϸĸĸȸ
ֻ׵ٴȰǻҪĸһ
¾ȴһڸв֪ӣҼǲϸĸ׿ƳۣڷˣûгҲҰҵѡ

ϣ
ϺݺšһѶӵĴ⣺ôôƤ⣡
Σˣͷٸˡ
һֱĶϱͳţ»صߣȫһ̬ȣߴٵô˵ˣʱʲôúø˵˵
¾룬ҵʱţѺ󸻹˵ģ棬Ҳֻŭһؼͷȥ
֪ˣٿȻƤȷʵӢ޿޵٣̵øлȻƢܵ㡣
¾룬ϲҵĿɲһ
үȲҪΪޡ
֣Ҳ³˿ڡ
¾ڣϣһû취ڼֲ¡



167 
ʮѮ, ¾Ҽϵ˳Ȭˣֻһ糤ϸ̡
İʱ¾Цһ
Цʲô
¾ڣЦϴСС˰̲ʮ, ⴦ҫ
⣺ҫģ
¾ڣһش󽫾ˮǹ̳, ǹ֮ˣ඼Ѳ

ԣش󽫾ֻУڲ¾ȻԵ, 󽫾ǹҲΪ
¾ڣڶ, ໻㼸ν, ⴦ȴһ黰
ĽѾ, 黰ȴǵһ
ܲ£ƿ˭ˣǹ, 㱾ҵ, ʵ, ʲô飿
¾ڣԱݣ㵱Żϡڸڴ󳼵˵, ϧΪ׸ش󽫾ͻ, 㽫ϲɿϱˣ˼ңǻһֻҰͷ, ǳʲô
һ, ס䡣
¾ڽתƽ, Եֵ, ӳü׵, Ȼ˵ӲȴĴꡣ
.
Ƹԭĳ¾ڣֿʼıġ
ȻǸХóȥˮգ۾ͻᶳɱ
仪Ͳϲţĸλɩӻǹĸĸ̽ˣԼҲȾһη纮ҹķԼ˯ţ¾ڷˣȻжѾڴˣһɴΪ
˷纮֢֮ȥӣȻȸһҩܲȥȡ
ȥҩ
ƶһˮ¾ļιȡ
ģʲôʱҪ˯ȥ
û񣬳¾ڲǿ˵ҩö˹һһ׵ιߣԺĳԹԷһ롣
ҹﻪһһη¾ڼû˯һ
һȻ˯˴յͣͼƽʱûӰĳ¾ڻ࣬Ǻ¶ߡ
Ŷ˶¾ڱˣҲ˵Ķͷ
ãˡ¾ڷ֣εؿңڼҽţôˣ

е˵ʱͲͬ
ĸѾ̳Ϊҹӣϸɾʵ״춼ˡ
ȻֿһΪº͵ķӡ
¾ڴߣ緹
߶ˣȥɣչҡ
¾ڣѾȥˣǱҲûʲôҪ¡
㲻Ȱˡ
ȹҩ˯һٴһƬ¾ĵƽϣһ顣
ûжĬĬؿ
ϱӵ죬Ҳùһ纮Ϊʲô󲡣ʲôʱˡ
ɻǵãΧߵֻĸѾߣû˵Ϣǳ¸ȻҲ̽
˵ĸѾߴСƵģ꺮ůӦҲ㹻ˡ
ֻǣڴϵĻúܹµ
Сʱĸ󶼻ܻܻ̽ܵҲߣһ˫ڰ׷۾Ͱ͵
ޣһ˴ǹڳ¼ұһ£ɩӶҪơ
ʱӷϲûӦ꣬سһҲβӦ꣬־
¾ˣ۵ʱ˵ķ޸൭ֻҪ¾һڡ
עӵ̫ã¾ںȻϿ
㽫źۼز۽ǡ
¾ڷ飬ɴʣʱ¶ݵĳۿЩ졣
ܣ¾ɻʣѾĶͷ
ûУ뵽ˡ
¾⣬ʱܻñƽʱ˵ˣЩ꣬ÿиͷȣ뾩һˡ
ǲˣһֱǸģḸѾˣΨ׶ڹиæµ
ˣ¾ͷ
۾˻ס֡
¾ڶ˶٣ܿƿıӣɵߡ
㿿˹ϵ֡
.
ҲԭԭػˣҲۿүꡣ
¾еϧҲֻһˣϾϲ͵ۡĳҹŰưĳֻҲϣζֱżͶͱҪǧٱ
壬ɡ
º󣬳¾ڲߵ鷢׵
ȥֲ³
¾ڣļң˭涨ֻ³ȥʱ˵ģֱŤƢ
ĸˡ
¾ڣֻ˵˼ˣܲˣ
ô˵Щ
¾ڣ
ˣڳϿףΣ
ﶬ纮ģͱÿôæױа֡
ϱӹ˵궬ˣԪv궼һռ٣һ޷ӲģܹһЩͲᲡš
¾ڣŻУθʱʮġ
ЦȻҲ˴ģҽ﹫ȷʵ﹫ʡ
ڶգǱ¾ں˽
ĸ˵¾Ԫvȥ鷿
ԪvЩ֣ôˣ
ӭ㣬㶼ÿ³һͻȻ˱仯Īǳʲô£
¾̾ǰճȾ˷纮ҹζڻȵۡϣңȴνϢݡսҲǳĥƤźó˳
Ԫvһ
δʱ˵ˣǲСĿĵײ˸첲ʶ̫ҽҴȥ̽ҲϹȥϸعĽ㣬ĸȰʲ̫ġأܵʱģܱЦſĸС
ʱ㾭عסԴ򸸻ʼݱŸĳ˶ڽ
Ǿĸϲ̫Ƶ
˽㣬нҲΪˣ
ԱǰֻһչˣԪvӿһ
ĬƬ̣Ԫv۶Գ¾ڵȻĸˣȻȥɣҪһʱա
¾ڣ
Ԫvüô㲻Ը⣿
¾еµֲǺµӣ̽׼ã
ԪvЦԼΪֹ
¾¶Թ
ԪvۺҲس¸סʱգڶǰТ
¾ڲ鲻Ըؽּ
Ԫvۺܿͷ֣ĺýûйԹĻֱסˣҪʱؾ˳ȥʽʱҲͻس¸סԲ
˵ĸ󡢽
µسŷ
̫Ů˵캮ضģ̫࣬ϲסҲпԭ
ԪvۣǽûʱôࣿɼźźҪ
ˣû뵽㲻ûЦһۡ
̫Ӽһʨͷ԰ɣ˿ζ
Ԫvۣ


168 
ǶѮĹ, ϳ͢ԱܽķæʱΡ
󹬲ܸζŻܴܵ£ȥ, ԪvԼⷽ棬Ȼˡ
ջƻ, ԹԪv۾ʹȥ鷿óһӵݸ㡣
ٴůϣ˫һǶ˸ɫʯľůͭ¯ǰ, ȤȵؿܵܣʲôӾ͸ҿ㲻ĸ, һء
ԪvЦܽ˸˵Ķ, ˵, ֻҪ㲻˵ĸ֪
˺ߣҿ, ɱҡ
Ԫvۣ֪֪, 쿴ɣ
Ÿĳһ¯, һִӡ
ĵſһϲŰأҼǵ̫үүʱŰ˰ٶɣ
֮, Ī, ǻʼҳԼҵضˣȻҪˡ
ԪvȫЦ, ۾ģǰ, ɷǳɹ, ˽ȥ, һ, ʮͷµĺ֮ң׶ʵʵϣǿҲЩ©֮㣬ࡣ
̵ؿӣȻʣȥǼڲһж٣
Ԫvҧгݣİʮꡣ
ҧ˽һأǿ湻̰ġ
Ԫv¶ֺɫ̰˶ˣڸͻʵµĸ˰顣
ڸѾͳһˣ˵ϳ¸ϡθϾȥ
ᵽԪvͷջóһأڸˣϡ½ϡ϶¸ϵģθԼ׼һҸĸúУãǳ¸ϵĿС
ϧ˵ʢϧҲĿã˵ʱϵó¸ˣʮ˼û첱Ӵ֡
Ԫvۣ򵥣սһ
°ͣĸͬ⣿
ԪvۣްֻҪǳ˭Ҳ岻ϻ
Ƕ¶ʮţԪvҪϳᣬһֱĸߡ
ԪvҪڸµʱ̫ҲҪȥ
رסĸĸ첲ĸܵ˵ճ¸ϡθҪҲȥ֡
̫͢£ɶϷ
һΣԺܵҶ
̫󣺡С
գգ۾ٵͷڣ϶ҡ
̫󣺡
ȵۿĺͷ
ˣˣԺҲΪˡɿĸ֣ؾصиתߡ
̫򴽡
ۿŮԽԽԶҪˣ̫Ժ㸡ֳϿЦӯӯֺ
һȵŮģһԼŮ̫Ȼ۰ġ
ϿҪǲ֪Ůڹúãȷʵ̫ǣÿϿˣ̫̲סйŮļҳ
ˣֻһΣ²Ϊ
Űһֻ̽ţĸ󿪿ڣܻȥסĸ˺һĽ
ɻϾˣСʱȵۻǲ£ָָ̫Ĳ䡣
Ͷ󣬿ڸλǰθվǰ棬λĿվںš
󣬳͢ʵݸԪvۡ
Ԫvûӣһɣĸһ
͢ף˫裬΢΢ٴ
ʮ׸ݶ޳һɫĸϹۣݿţһվòϾͰλ϶ȥˡ
ĹСʱŵܵʱϡ
ʱͺϲ¸ˣԳĽϣҲܸԼ
¼ӣֵܾηһֱϲġ
رˣΪЩŮӣֻ̹º͵һ档
ڹʱϱԪvеһ޷ĸ︳ۺϲһաͳһɵطٸֱӰܱĿգֶžʴֿ֮ס
ǹеģϧ¹ţδ·ĳЧԪvӯ࣬ߴİ
ˣΪеҲȫϳˡ
Թؿܵܡ
Ԫvʱʱͷ
Ȼ͢Ļո£ͦվһԵĺͻȻһ˿εĳЦ
͢üһ
λϻ򣬼װư͡
ԪvۿͣθϿǾ˰кβף
ͣкβףȫף
ԪvϰˣЦϴͽ̡
ת͢ɣİٶأⲿصĴͷȻڷסУ׵ĵһ˰ҲдҲ͵ǿǵܹ͢˰ȴڱˮн
Ҳ˵ĸȻֻŰЩأЩעᱻס沢ءԽԽ٣һӴ˹Ա̰ۿ˿۵Ĳ֣͢ĸ˰ȻǰǵѪǮı䲻˰ԽԽʵտ̰࣬͢ʮʮ꣬һջȥˣҪӣ
͢յĵȷʵ䣬˰ļǵĸ˰ֻñںãͻȥˣ
ͣˣǰֵؿԽͳͳӣ׬һͭǮѣӣǮӻͭǮһԶһһǧͭǮյһǧͭǮȥһ͢ˣն͵ͭǮ˭ģ
͢տֱʳȥӡ
ͼ̵Ц˼޼鲻̣ҽվܸ㣬·һհշ̵չһƽʱɣ¸ϰ¸ϣȷΪӯѾ˼̫̫飬㲻ҵЩģֻյѪ
͢ɫࡣ
ŵö޷ˣô˹һ涼
ԪvͬҲ
̫ѵθϲвۣͬˣ
Ϳ̫ٿԪvۣͦñֱǹֻǿڳ͢յİ취ȴµ¹ã
̫󣺡θкθ߼
óһ衣
ʵݸԪvۡ
ԪvۻûͻȻһָ죺أڷУʣɣռɣǧֻռɣԽԽ࣬ӰǱأԽԽ̰ӲҲڿ˼̰գ͢ٲ취žջȥʱˮӿ֮գ
˻ըѣô֮ѻȸҪûˡ
òпϣȫȻ
󣬻ǳ͢ƽ͵ʣθʲôߣ
ͣһף˳͢ʹ͵»ԼѵĻǴӰӶأһŹ黹գҲκηʽӰðأž沢Դͷڶȫ̰ٶԣɷϳֻͣҪһԱ̰񰲹̩
͢Ҳˣ˱ף͢ƾʲôֹðأⷨӸܷڡ
ͣǾϲ飬̫ⷪɲΪգطΪ֮٣͢ţܿĻǰա
͢飬֪飡˭ȥ飿͢жĴٿã
Ԫv˴
Ҳ֪͵뷨ܺãǷܶģƼһ췴ʮһиɫأ
¹𣬰ջȥᷴҲᱻƼ
͢Ҫӣ̫ܲİ취Σȶ
ҪڣϵԼĻᱻʵ̫ۡϿɣЦЦգȻܲ飬Ǿ¸ס𶨸˰ķݶݶģһ˰ɣôض͢ýҲˣƾʲôǻͣ
ú룬任ѹ֬ԹֱӶ˰Ǹã


169 
͵ĵһ, ɱյķ̰١
˵ףڵ죬Ԫv۸ҪǾˡ
͵ĵڶ, ǰȫ˰׶Ľ˰, ǰдĹٶȣ˰
ڶȵһЩȻἤطǿҷԡ
͢ҡͷǮͬɱ˸ĸҲûжٵ, ˵˻ȻȻ, ԶĲ, ֻ, ǿԸĶ˰
͵ؿλϡ
ͷð, һ̧һ߲в޶, ǲⰴպθϵķӽ˰, ֻǹ︳Ѿǧ꣬ѧӷ, ҪΪ͢Ч, ҲΪ˹ҫݼ壬ڳŽ˰ɷͻȻҪ, ܷڣ
ھǻԪv۵Ļүү, λݱǰʹһٵڡ
һ, ͵ĻɾͶ, Լ, ˵ҹۣҲڣڳʱ鳼˼ҳʵܹʲôϼҸ̰ڸܰڶʲôùߣɷ㻹֪ɷҪ̫泯ɷϼҸӡ̰綼ÿͷˣյյĵز
ϣ
̫󣺡θϣɶڲ
Ԫv۵ĶͷҲĻһκ顣
󣬻źʼհȻӰ·ҲƼմ˴үүĻ档
ϰ½ϡϽͷøˡ
ɨˣ쬵ض˳͢һת̫Ԫvۣϣ֪Ҫг˵˰ƸĸضҪųǧѡɱ꣬ԱǴ̫桢ʱʢһ㸯ۿҪǡֻάԼһķ٣ô¸ϵһ޷ȷʵУɻҪڻҵٴãǾͱ밴ճķӣظġ
Ԫv۳Ĭã͢ô
͢üͷأθֻ̫ѣǼһ޷
ֱӳһڣϼ޻ʬλزͣ
ܿ͢俴һۣȴû˵ʲôֻ̫Ԫv
󣬷һʱܾϣԪvλ£Ҫ̫ؿǡ
ˣ裬һǳ͢ġһ޷һǺ͵ġ׹һ
Ų˳
Ͳ£´ʱļƣûԼе̰٣ǻүү֮֮Ķ
һۣƵĸܡ
ĬƬ̣Ԫvʣĸô
̫󿴶û͵裬ͬ¸ϵģΪϡ
ȵ۶̫ðգĸӸգ͵ģһӱΪ̫֮ǧǱ
Ԫv۴ٿ㡣
̫Ŀ˲ҲԸ⽾ŮŮԽ˽ޣֻܼһĸ
ƺûĸߣӲͷصִ£ĸͺãʲôҲҲҲ͡
˵꣬ȸˡ
̫ŮţŸӣ֪ǽ׽Ժ󲻿ùѯ㡣
ԪvϹ۵ײŵķ̡
󹬲ɸĸʲô
æģپ۵һ÷
壬Ż밲ʱҾ͸һȥˡ
Ԫvۣסգ
Լ̾䶮£ٲߣĸ÷ˡ
̫󣺡
Ԫv򴽡
ȻվҪԪvȥ鷿̸ġ塣
̫ûеֻ޵صݸŮһɫ
ףĸϵ˰ġ
ԪvƫҪ˼趼ݸ㡣
ЦǶԺθϵĻˣȻֱӸĸһѡ¸ϵһ޷ǡ
Ԫvɫѵ㲻ãθϵĻе
ǻʵ۰ƾʲôôǵôӰǱѹȥǿַ֣Щȴ
͵衣
ƪûһϻоٴýΣһ׹һǳȫɣʵ̯Ķϳǰͷ˰ȫ˰ЩϸܽԣеƫµİԼռٽ˰еƫϵİո˰ûб仯Ϊԣĵĸ˰ӡ
µĵǺǿԼס
Ҳ˵ͼѴ󵶣Ҫס𡢺ǿӡ
һ޷ͬҪЩӣ͵Ĵ󵶱ȣõĸũİӣӱ߽߱ǽǰһЩеƤˣܲ˽ǡ
׹𣬰ɣӯ
׹𣬳͢Ҫӯֻܶ԰֡
·ȷͿΪ߸Ҳߡ
뵽ϱӡ
ֻóһѰӣҪ¹øȫŵ³
κ;ٳѴ󵶣ԼǵܵܣҪеķա
ܵܣֱԵĽɽҪ·ֻֻ֪ѵ·ֻкθϸθˣУܹվڸܹԵģһֻһˡһθˣܵԺˣҲ޴Ѱкθϻ¸еһڱӡ
Ԫv٣ǳ˼ǡ
ҡҡͷõܵ˵ʣθϵķӣٻش𡣡
ԪvۣҸң
ţ»ʣһգˣЩԵĳӱ㽵ڸɻ޷˵Ϊǳ
Ԫvۣһᣡ
۾һᡣ
ɣʱģҲԷθױ䣬ǿԷڵģտֻЩˡ
ʵ۸ˡ
ϱӣѾ˴ŵĲ²⣬ܵҪ﹫ʱʲôעһ׼ȷĴ𰸡
ⱲӣѡȨڵܵҲڸǱߡ
ҪͬģˣҪڸҲҡ
ʺͣҲұ׹֮ǣʱпɥʱܱױʬ
ҲʹҲһƵ·ʱŻѪȴĵֽȫ塣
.
գ¾˹
Цĸ󡢵ܵܵŲ˳
¾ںϣȣûüƴڻȻϣؿڣֱļ硣
¾ڵͷųĽëհ𪣬޶˶й¶ֵ䡣
ûס¾ڹʡ
۾곯͢Ҫдˣθϸ飬˭ģǶλ¹Թޡ
ģԲ˵͵ģҲǹǵİ
úͣΪ
һ޷ټϻǰô࣬þ㽫ȥ׷ܵҲų¼
ú͵Ѵ󵶣Թǧ򱶣ҲѪʴǡ
޷£ʧܣλϼܵʵҲûͷһӱס¹ѹơ
֣ô£Ȼǳ嶯ˣǰ˵ܵһѣ
пܵٲŸҶޱȵ·ӣԺ͵Ŀͬ˹ƻ
һ˿ްɣϱӹֻðҲûø³ѾעⱲӾͶЩҲҪѪˣ
¾ܸܵƵĲ
ס򣺡ͷһһģԹٺޣҲġǶ£ʲô
ѾֲԼ»ڽţӦݹǰĸ䷨ߣһк³
¾ݣЩ±ģͱȥθףͷҲףͼģڹ
̧ͷһ׳£ܻǣ¼ң㡣
¾ЦȢ㣬ⱲѾֵˣͷȥûûΪ񣬴˻ؼֵأܸ·
˵¾£ٸ׳ûңҲб

¾ڣȻһһգһղȥǡ
š첲
¾ڲ۷Ц˫ֱͷҲҪ̫Сͷһ£һٳ⼸ǡ߹ȶǴĺʱ
뵽˹пɷʱİԵרϣ뵽˺̸үүʱȻη
ĸӣ
Ǭ幬
뿪Ԫv鷿һ飬̫Ҳùο
ùţԪv˰ʱʱԪv۷Ը¸ϡθϽ


170 
¸ʳǸ, ͢ġ
θȻԶһЩɺģ߸׳׳Ĵֻһͷ, ǿ϶һߵÿ졣
ǣ͢³ʱ, ̧۾ͶӺǰĺ͡
ǣ͢ü
ͷ⣬ݸˣۣ͢룿
͢ǫ, һ££, ̧ųǰȥ
շ, ĳ΢΢Ʈ, Ϳ˼ۣڨ, ΪҪĺ, 鷳
ֻ͢Ŀǰ·
ͣ, һ;̫ƽ̹ûи, ׼Щ, ԵѧʶԨ̫ʦ
͢˼ĥЩ
ͣϴΪ, θûˡ
͢˵㡣
ͣǵС£
͢ĬĬԱ߼, ô, ûҪͲ硣
ƫҪ׷
վ뵱Ĺ, ͼλ׷Ҹһǰ, żθϻ볶¸ϵ䣬¸ϲ˦
Ǭ幬⣬ԪvվںǰλϴţŵʱƼŸ
ԪvЦЦ
Դͽ͢ҲԽԽͨĴˣҲǰ߸ϣ·ȱ㡣
纮ôû멾ͳˣ
ǰ͢ȹĵ
Ԫvۣ̫ƣ޳͸ðȻ룬ûθϢɣ
ЦһھϢҲѰ˼Ͳݡ
͢Ҳ£θϻм֮⣬ϻʹһ˹ȥչˡ
ͣ𣬳ò𣬻Ҫ;ͳ¸ϰɣҲӣ˴͸¸ϣΪ͢λ״Ԫ̽
Ԫvۣ˺ˣ޽˵Щ¡
ʵǰ棬λϰ˼۵
鷿ѱ˲ԪvůϣǰŽĿΡ
͢ȵлźӵ֪ٳȽΪ£
ԪvۣȻΪ˰ģĸͬһ޷Ҳô˷ΪףȻθһΣѡúθϵ˰֮ߣ͢ǷĴ粽С
۾һӢҲҳܷˣڻһϣ
Ԫv̧֣ʾͱ졣͵ķãܷȥÿ͢ġ
͢üͷһ壬˼Ƭ̣ͣٿԪv۵ȷʵѣ︳ơ
ͣƻΪأ𣿻Ϸģʹͷ׵أ͢︳ⲿֳģǸý˰˰ҲΥƣϾҲû뵽ǸҴ̰ء
Ԫv۵ͷó̫ү̧кڣƶסǵ졣
ô˲ߣ޻ٶʮһλ뾩֮֮顣
͢˶٣㷪Ըϣ¹ʿ壬˰ǧ֮ã͢ͻȻҪǽ˰µطʿɿģ췴¡
ͣ᲻Ǯƣ϶ϧȰѳͷץ˿˳ˣɱӺ֤˶ʵˣ
͢Ԫvۣһ죬ǲ췴ȴ͢ϣһһһͣȥعԱҲ⽫۳ʵݽϵ治ų䣿
ԪvЦкξ壿Ҫǹ̩񰲣Ҫڻҵܹǧꡣ
Сʵۿ̫񣬺΢΢һͰˮǧҲᣬֻҪڻˣ꣬ϵĹ̫桢沢ˡ
Ԫv۲ͰˮλǵزҲˣ
͢ϵҪúθϵ
ԪvۺȻͷ˵һʱͷͷ᲻ôǳв
͢ǣ⿿һǻѪȴκԼ¹ԱĴٸвκ
õʵھòףǾͰˡ
͢ЦûоòףֻΪ·ѣԼѣȴ»ϱǧָ»ϳܲסڳ֮ѹڣԻ߾ȫϷǣɳѾˣĸַһ֮һ޷ҪʮḶ́һ̯ĶҪļֲܳȹ̸ϣ²ܸ̫ãԼߺ󣬻϶Գ¹ķˣ̫ࡣ
Ц̹Ԫv۵Ŀ⣬ǳԾʦͽһֽĴȰ
һ͢û˵
Խ̵СʵۣûгԹʲô࣬ˣܼһ޷֪ˣɺףԻûġ
̫ԼȷʵܹһĲأôָһٵĻʵҲ޷˵һ֮·ߵף
ڣǻŻߣǳߵ£ߵˣֻȿֺŻϻͷ
޷֣ǲһʼѡһȽ׼ֵ·
ɺ͵ĳ֣ûϿһѡ
ô͢ԸûԼѡӦûʮ꣬ʱˣٵҲü
Ԫvۿͷеºݡ
Сʱͷĺӣͷ
ԪvͻȻתȥ£޵롣
ͣ͢ǡ
ߺԪvҲƲסһ̵ĳҭ
ĸ֮ӣΪ֮Զ
иʣɸ뿪ú󣬴󲿷˼Ůɫϣõ˼ĸһ𣬰ѡ˳͢Ϊʦ
ĸĸʤ͢ȫһʵۿݲһɳӡĸ϶ҲΪıĸޣҲҪ͢
͢ͷ
ԪvԹ޹ʱͲͷǳˮߡ
ͷӹɣһ壬ͷϼ޻ҵ¹ʱһ˲䣬Ԫv۾ȻҲͬҾúͲİ
ͷոյĻͻȻԪvףͷﲻװ˳͢գҲװ
㽵ո㣬ͷģܹΪ͢ΪΪõһ
ŵ鷿ڵʵȡӣ͵͵زᡣ
ͷƲͷߵʱ򶼵߰ʮˣʱҲʮ꣬ôͲܶһˣ
侲Ԫv۷ӣȷȦûˣٽλϽ
͢վ˻ʵǰ
ԪvֱԵѾ׹һ̯Ķ֮ߣλڸⶨһʵеϸ򡣡
Ϳ͢
͢ףּ
Ԫvٿͣ˷ǸԣлҪΪ
ʹûҪӦףԸΪϡ¸ʹ
Ԫvۣ·Ǽѣλ壬޶һ·
λͬʱ£ߵּ
޻Ҫȥ֪ĸ°ɡ
ֹ͢
Ԫv۵һ뵣ĵ
͢˳Ǭ幬
Ȼų͢ߣҪҽϵн˰ɣ
֪ͬ͢ʹ޷̰ıģټžΪҸ֡
͢һЦĪ֡
ͣʲô˼
͢˵
һֱ˹ſڣڳǰȥ͢´һۣЦ꣬һֱΪҪھȪ֮²طꡣ
ͣ


171 
̫סǬ幬
סڴ, ǵϸյǻʱСڸ̫ƾǬ幬չԪvӡ
ȵ۾, һʱѾͷСʵһ, ޱȣȻ̫ϲܷġ
̫ȷʵҲϵĺܺã⼸Ԫv纮Զûùء
뿪鷿Ԫvֱ˺
̫ڿ𾭣ֻŮ, һƬ͡
ĸ󡣡Ԫv߽, Ц
̫ѷ·, ǰĶ, ȵǰͦεΣּ̳ȵòĳ, , Ӻݻ
ɡ
Ԫv۱̫һ, ĸӶһۣԪvĸ, 鷿ټθϡ
̫󣺡Ϊ˰ĵ£
Ԫvۣ, ޸úθϵķӣոҲͬˡ
͢Ļԭԭظĸ
̫ĬĬתϵ̴ľ飬緢Ķ, ̫¸˵, ·ǧ, 㲻, ĸο, ֻеķգǻû˵̫סض췴ߣ˳˻в͢ס𡢰աһ㣬᲻£᲻ڣ
ԪvۣŻ£ڻڲڣҪӮӮӮˣǰѺ涼ʹ죬ˣ˽ˣ㲻ĸסգڵĽɽվɱ˵Ľɽһһôġ
̫󣺡˵Ļɡ
ԪvۣĸĹǣҲ֪ԼٲŸηɻλҲֻ޸һˣθ϶ˣָ˭ôһĸĸ޲үү°񸸻ǰµµΪˣֻź޵񣬶޴ˡ
̫󣺡ڻ㣬ŪԼҵĽɽ
ԪvۣڲޣЩ̰ķףЩյ̰ʿ𡣡
̫󣺡
ò˵ȷʵƢǵˣڻǰЩܻڻҵĲТ
̫뵽˳͢
ֶ֪ܼãţ͢ù¿Цͬ͢ˣȻѪס⽭ɽѵ꣬Ƕǰ꣬ʱĸɳ͢׸ӳеʹĸˣҲԽڸƳйֻҪڸ󣬾ܼһȻ÷޿κΣȴһŵңʵۡ
׵ĵֻ͢ס
͢ǴӦ˶ӡ
̫΢΢ף˻Ű߶ӣǧصһʵ·͢ͱ翪ûлͷһˣǾͱ
Ԫv뵽˳͢ʦ縸ĳͷعܽҲɷѿĵ·
Ҳ뵽˺ͣҾȴүүӣһֱ⳯лʩչǻ
ͷΪ˳͢տڲˣôҲᶨƵվ
޲ˣΪ飬ҲΪȫ
̫ЦЦǾʹ󵨵ȥɣ۹ĸӹͬе
.
С꣬Աַżˡ
ų¾ڻһ˳¸
͢ڡ
ϣ֪æʲôÿ첻ͽˣڲŻҿ궼û˼ˡ
ôŹһϢûĸ͸¶бȿɷȫɻҪǧ򱶣˵ڸˣԱҲ̰ڵز¹޶ܵܣ绪ֻĸ˵ܵҲڸţһͶҪڸͬá
ע⵽Щ䡣
ⲻȥ԰йʱлᳯ˵£ү˵ˣҪֱɽ
͢ҪطܻûõϢȦѾЩˣ³Тɲ꣬Ҳµˣ̫ѣеĹԱȥԼĶȥȥʿ̸ڵĽϸ֮ء
̰ٵ˽ϣȻᱻµĹԱʿТԵһ͡
ТȴҪЩͷ߶Ÿɣеķա
඼Ҫ޳ˡ
ųТһȥТ˵ģŵʲô黨ǲݣ֮ǲͬ⡣
óӣ뱧ļ򣬿ԼҲ
ǵãϱӳ²ڡТڶˣТɽ֪ͤأ²ȥ㶫֪
ֵٷ޴ֻ֪֪صһ޷еö㳹ףֱ¹ţֵòͷĲ£ؾТ
Ϊʮ׸ʹ쳯ʮһ³²³¼ȫ巢䡣
Ͳ룬ܿߵ没
߿ˡ
Щĵ㣺ǲˣӱɨ£
㣺ˣҲˣ֮͢ʣǸ¡
ûóơ¸ţԼ˳¸԰ϡ
ڹһʯͷϣŷıƽ
֪˶ãһСʯͷͻȻԱ߷ɹű滬˺ԶԶ
ضǿͣСʯͷ
¾ڵϴôˣСϱ
ͷſϣ⣬һſȴҲˣ̬ɵģӵܡ
һۡ
¾ڣɩɩ۸˰ɣ
ȫܵ£ûش
ءһ¾ھֱֱûȫһȥ
ûشߵ
¾ڲȲȽµıǼСӣˮûȥҲ¡
ֻǵ
¾ǰϥףһַŵʯͷһ̧°͡
֡
¾ڿ۾ֵˣ
򴽡
¾ڣҿɩɩҲˣΪŵ£
㲻ȥˣô͵Ů죿
¾ڣֲǹģ·Ƽˡ
Ĭ
¾ڣɩɩ᲻Լҷ֮쾭壬һʲôģ
ϤϤĺᡣ
˵һԣ
¾ڣ˵ģͷӸһ˰ʮȫ϶ݣҪЩԽƤӣⶼĹóģ治صġ
ûǣǾ常ףô硢綼ȴȥ˵Ĳ¡
¾ڣˣ֪ͷӣƫҪô˵
ʹһѡ
¾ڱ˱ϡ
ͷȻ͵Цͬʱ̧ͷͼֵ֪ܲʱ͵͵ˣССԴϲŴڻϣֻཱུȸ

¾Ŀվֺ̧ǣûûСģһȥ
˼ˣıЦŽ͵ǸյأʲôҲûͿˤ˸ͷ
¾ڣ
ҪӾͲù˼ǰɣ
Ȼ岻ѹǮˣ
˳գգ۾˵ܵǡ
¾ڿֶֶŮԶҪ¶£վָʹضϦȥ븣¹
¾ڣΪΣ
Ҫĵһ㡣
Ԫv귢̫̫ˣҪܵ˳ҲҪ¼һ⣬ؼƽ


172 
Ź³, ²ڡТھҪˡ
û¶棬ֻó¾ȥС
¾ԼңͼſѾ, ҲöֻӳžҪ̡
Ժ, һ˶ڡ
˳͢²ڡТүϵϱﱲǣûһġ
ֵΪţΪʵҪڸԵְλϴꡣ
ǧ, ˵, ǰ, βǣ
¾ڽ, һۣû֨, һվš
涣, , үȥɣôչ, ֪֪ȵ˶ûС
ȦԼɷ, ĬĬشᡣ
Тͷ۵غӣˣ˭չ˺ǣ˭ТϣĪҪȡ֡
Ҫǳɽˮ, Ҳް, ɴм, ڼ, ûκκ֮ǡ
̾Ѿõ, ͲҪٱˡ
Щʱֻܺġ
ȰյһˣãٰϱȥԲڼҴӡ
͢ڰ֣ԶǵˣϽɣʱдš
²ڡТ£Ͽͷ
Ů캢Ǳߵĳˡ
͢վǱߵģȥ͡
¾Ӧˣλֳȥ
㡢źǸϡ
͢ظԺ͡
ôһӵĹкãͽ˸аˡ
һ֮û˸ΥĻҾظˡ
¸⣬ֵܶ˳²ڵ
¾棬ѾõλֳҪǿ޹
ТҪЬ
¾ЦЦ
ú㻺ˡ
²ڿĵǲھǣҲÿ飬ĸס
ƽʱ¸볤ҪԶЩҲƵ߶ǲڣĵܶ̽Т
¾ڣģҲТ˳̫̫Ǻ庢ӣֻܵõļ
Тڣ˵˾
¾ڲÿɷĿɨλֳ˺ߣ̫ԸصҲǣֻǰţͷӳеĴʡʡɡ
ͷӣֳҲһֱæת顣
Ȼ¾ھԭⲻ˵Щ秵Ļ
²ڣףҲתԳл⡣
¾ڣתƨؾԼ˵
ТڣСۣÿѡʱǶѾˣȻҲñ㰵һѣȥɡ
¾ڣǾȥˣҲϡ
²ڣԣ
Ƭ̣²ܣ϶ˣĪҪ׵ΣҲԲõ¡
Тһƾʲô˵ѵԼѳֲסң
¾ڣûĹңԼú÷˼
ТڸովЬˣҲһֻЬ㳯ĵܵĴк
¾ڶָˡ
žһТڶˣô㣿
¾ڿſϵЬӡȥ
Тڣ
˹ҪĵܵϵЬӡȴ¾ڰϡ
ԱһչֳТڱڳ϶ãֻ۾
²ĵã˵¡
һֱͨͷ
ֵܶˮ·ͬһʱ䡣
²³
£²ڵݸĵһСֽ
¾չдһַȥؾһ䡣
²ڵҵһֱڲ誣̫æҲھʱ䣬ִ£Ժÿ³ϼһΣչǼ̸
¾ڵͷ
²ڣָβ㣬ڲǳ¼ҵĶӣҲǳ͸ĸڳҲ˽һ׺ǲ
¾ڻǵͷ
²ĵܵܵļ򣺡Աְͬս£ûˡ
¾ڣôô£ûǡ
²ʧЦȥɡ
¾ƫģȥٴһ飬ʼ䣬ŻصͷĿҹٴ沨ԶȥһֱվڴβӰҲ˴գ¾򴽣
ص¾ȥƵСֽˡ
ֻ˼ӣȥ
۾
¾ڣ㵱ҸƵģӡ
ôȥôã
¾ڣˣԼȥһȦ
氮ܶܲ
¾ڣϲƽʱܶΪ˱ġ

΢¶һЩ˸Уܰο䣬ʵ֤¾ڵԴû˴ңĥһЩˡ
.
¼ֵȻͶˣ͢ûʽҪ
Ǵ඼֪飬ճŸǰһӣڼţ罥ůˣŮҲ̤ࡣ
ʮ磬¾ڽŵܵһǣӭӶʮһλ
ʮһλеķ뾩ǽƩɽ³ɽĴеķ뾩ԶƩĴȵүǶסڷɽݣóԺúȵùţһ
ʮһλеǻܵүүе岮еͬҲеȻһѣȴùܽùã֮ҳһš
̫Щϵдӣһݣ¾Ҳһݣ˰رʱʱػ飬Ѷǵù졣
ʱ¾ˣƤӣ䶼ŮӼңòסߴð˴̵һѷݣҸΪԶˣû뵽궼ðһĸܵĴүģ涼ȥ
ܵ˭ȥӶҴ򣿡
¾ڣǶǺٻմĹ⡣
ҲԼմ⡣
֮⣬ʲôģǰðһͷ
ʱվڳ⣬ۿŶʮһݺƺƵظϹ¾ٴο򲢼վڳǰĻܡ
ʮԪvһۣͦΣѾȴĹٻҪߡþ̫ӣСʹĹԪv۵ȻżüۼȴѲ䵱ȵۣⷽ棬һģһ
ͬʢװ磬½ΣӺݷǷ
ͷΪ׵վڽ󣬵̸ţݲȣ·ôķҲʲô¡
ԪvۡԴȺڸ֧ǲηڷĵ
ͣڰٲ֮⣬ڷѸ³СԪvǰ¹ʲô֣ʱعȥ
ڷɽźĹ˽λĸ߰ݵò빬УԪvһۿȥҲܶ߰˰ˡ
ͬǷλҲвͬ񵱳ڲľŴүҪЩ
ȻľŴүһλ˳棬һλȥձˣֻʣλعڵһšймİ׷ߣ˽үү
񡣡
ԪvЦŵ˵ַػ̫Ѿʮˣһ·ӹǿɻã
̧ͷǰʵۣӯðⱲܹϣʲôëû
Ԫvۣ
ôôף
ЩϺȣĵлǲԶˣ


173 
Щӵһͬ, ֻڶݱˣһͬĸķǸѪһ, ܶ׶ֻǹһϣԵϵѵ
, ʮأҲΪ뾩ķʡ
Եһǻ棬ֻ, , ʮºǽ常, ʮǽ֡
Ԫv۳˶Ըٵʾľ, λȽģǺ
ڳ⺮ʱ, Ҳ, ڻһ硣
, ̫Ԫvĸλ¾, Ͽס
˶ڷĹϵ, λڣǶ׼ȷؽгӦıֳƺ
ϯʼãϿͻȻȦ, һʼǿ, βס
Ķ, żͼס, ʲô
ϿСֹˡ
Ӷ, ĳϣӾȻ췴ĸ磬Ҫ
ԽΣߵĶԽ󣬶ʮһλ½½ض˹
̫޷װӶĵϿôˣﲻ
ϿҴĨ۾ͷ΢΢ʵصŮȷʵӲʣĸ׵ˣĸˡ
̫󵭵ȻӲʣǾȥɡ
ǼЩ̲סæӦˣٳûſ޿Ͽˡ
̫Цſ
֣ʾĸ輧ǼһϯҲָ糣
ϯλǵķ࿴ﶼ˼ֳء
Ͽᣬ϶Ϊ飬뵽췴ϵĸԥҲǷһСҲܱ͢ϣ
⼸꣬ǺϰȥĽʮһλѾȥɣ
⼸λүԼǳ͢ɱӺǶԣѪܵ
ϯһʱЩˣʹǷǿž
Ԫv۷Ը¾ڣֻΪɣλүȥϢʱٹ¡
ڷ
¾ǳﲻö˵ʲô˾䣬һ﷪Ͱѳ¾Χסˣϣүȸ͸¶ϢҪʲô£Īǳ͢Ҫǵķˣ
¾ڷסͷȫ׵һ޹ض治֪˳һݹϵˣ쿼ң˵һҪһȦдҲ棬ϽǽΪ£Ҳʳڣͷҹ£Ҳ鳯

˵ʹ£ôҲ׸ҵ׶ӣ㣬Ͳ֪ȥ
̽³¸ϡ
¾ɫһֹ˼ɲ̫һλүӣǿصҸûʲô˵λү¸ϣҵǿΪǴ·԰͵¸ȥ

һ·صС֪ضҴյ̫Ψֱᷪ͢Ǹȥ¸͢͢͸԰͸͢
ûˣذɣ
¾ˣ̫ԪvĹǶţڷҲþһԻرԺϢ
¾ȥｻΪϵĹûǷʲô£˻ͻسȥˡ
ܷڷı֡
¾ڣмϺ꣬мҷһЩʵʵġ
ڣҲܱ֤Ѿϵԥͨ˼ҶûϢ竣ֻǶһ㷪ݣΪ̰̰ɫµĶҪԶͨ竡
Ҳ˵ιҪֻҪ˵ЩķľҷȻ˳ˡ
.
ƻʱ֣ʮһλٴ빬
εĹǬ幬̫ûг֣Ԫvߵλϡ
ϯҲûоƣ¡
޾ƣҲ޸裬ʱ컹ûкڡ
ǰϯٻһŰԪvԼڷǰ
£ʱϡ½Ϸֱһ飬һһŸÿݡ
Ԫvɫݹϵҳָܷ̫桢ʱķٲʢ޲һ˾ϣʶλ飬λ
ڷԣһɫ׷ǰ顣
棬ֱдšסһԼ̯Ķ
ɫƽüͷɫ࣬¶ãȻʶĲ̫ϾЩүҲдϻۡޱ֮֡
˶飬͢ЦЦվԪv࣬ԴǼؽһ顣
׵ôУڲⷪʱ˵һиۣƣ˵ͱ䣿
ģᵽ¹𣬴ӹĽǶȰ˵Ԫv˼
ʮһλʮһ죬һƬ֮
ͻȻһŭ⣬ŶԪv۶Գ͢Ҿ˵ЩػصĸĸûãҪĸʲôģֱӻָ̫˼ҵƣ׻ҰգΪЩΪ͢µ̰ÿһɴն
ڷ
ͺȳ͢󰡣
͢üλͬͬԴܶɱ¹࣬һһ飬Ҳһ䰴ɷþܽġ
ָЩʮһλͬ˵¹
͢ĵΪڷҪ
ڷӦ̬ȺõģҲģɡ
;ִ͢һִһĿЩ޲ó֮졣
µģԪvͻȻһڸ¡
λɫ˵⡣
ڷٿʮСʵۣͷ˼֡
ɽ³źӣĳضԪv۵ʢųɾһҵðոǿʢֻǻ¿Щ𣬰֪ҲױصĹΪʿݣϻذɣθȫ̫ˡ
ԪvۿһۣͻȻ
֣С̧̫һˣڴм䡣
ûֻ̿һ裬еֽų¾ɣеո
Ԫv۶³˵θȴ֪θж̫˼ҵѵڶ֮ǰθϵűɱ̰١̰٣޹̫յĸط̰̫࣬θϱʮعԱ״淪֮ٵ裬һԶѵǰ
ڷɫ䣡
Ԫvߵǰһ⣬ƤתǱߣӣҪ֡
æϯƳͨ£ԩǰż̳оλһֱԼӵܣκ㣷֮٣
ԪvЦЦǷӻػ裬òȡӣһѻ˽ȥ
⽥ʢӳڷ
ԪvΣĿһһɨڷ֮󣬼ǧգΨλǱңǹѪףΪԼݣ
ʮһλȫϯ£ߺʥ
ԪvۿһſŻڻ׻ҵԴһ仰ҲΣڳʱ׽⣬ûӷá֣׵ʳٺҲǷˣڵȵ۳κκתʵҲʮѵ
ĸԽԽ̰ջԽԽ࣬ûƽǣҲûӹ̱߹أ߹زȣбȻ֡ʱհͲø³ƷڵĻҵɲżҲͶ³ҪգҪȡ֧֣ҲҪӣλ˵˵ǻʲô֣
ڷɫء
һգ̫ˣЩҲбؽж
ԪvۣΪ˱ס͢ҲΪ˱סǣƤ֮棬ëɸ
¹̸ڣ⿿͢Էڣ޲ҪλһǶû˷Եɡˣ͢Ӽӹ̱߷žãڵĽɽȹ̣´ǧ꣬λײܸһࡣ
˻һȱ̬Ը
׷ԲԵƳۻδȼոɾһ裬ʱʱ漱߹أҲΡΡرʾ֧֡
ܿ׵ģϺҲ
ԪvۿЩ״淪裬ʵҲǱвǣల£ҲӣԪvܵõЩ裬ȻҲõµģʱǱᲽϽĺ󳾣
ҪҪ
СʵȻᣬгͨ͢͢ɷһĹԱ졣
ʮһͬʱ췴лµҲһĶᱻ͢һɱ
˭ұ֤Լһ
ϸհԶԸӵΪհ


174 
̸, ½λλһ
Ԫv۴ų͢ȥ鷿
һݡ顷ϳҪ򵥵һ, ˼ӸʮһλҲǩְӡ
ݹ۱, ΨԪvôһڷĴ¡
ԪvչƵľڣϸϸһ顣
Ͳô״Ӷˣ϶̫ʴȡ
Ԫvۣ£ҪЩôοֻһʹǰ, Ժٷ, Ȼ׷
ͣȻӦ˴, طغδԸ, ЩãڹǱ߹, ֻҪͷɹ, ɡ
Ԫvۿ͢
͢ЦЦǽ, Ϊ¹ձ̬͢Ʋɵ, ҵ, ɱ˱ǣ
ͣ
˵ݣ赭дźݻ׸˲ĺݣ
糯, ʮһλҲˡ
, ʵǱڸͬ, ˵ԪvҪٷǽʱ, ǱԪv۸, ŷСʵ۵Ļͷ
ʧǣʥּʮһλڸû죬ת۾ѹѹһƬ
ݱǸߣҲǶö࣬ˣ˭ҷԣ
ӳ¾ڿе֪˴¡
ĵһȥˣѲķǱѾŵ̫ң͢ƾһ顷ǰ
˿
¾ƺû׷ôݡ
Ц˳Чҽлϸһ󹦡
¾ڽڶ׼İ״룺ͶϣҺڣҵıꡣ
ӾƶܺմȵҾƣ
¾ͼı㲻
뵽氺󾵣¾ڵ֣һۡ
¾Ҳʧ
ֻǵҹǱųúõһꡣ
.
ǧǣһ·ϲףΪ˱ⷪ뾩ٹᣬԪvֻգͿȺ
Ȼŵܵһء
ڶհִ󳤹ˡ
ڣֶڻ԰ɢĵδţĿһơ
ִ󳤹һ֦ģԼ䣬ֶŮΣ
Цɡ
ִ󳤹ֶŮϸ֬Լģ̾ʲôѾʼˣ۽Ƕˡ
ϸ۲ĸ˵ˣִ󳤹ЦÿЩȻ۽Ǵ˼ϸƳ
ƽʱֲôЦ
ִ󳤹ǰôЦҲƣԻˡ
Ŷʮ꣬޷ĸ飬ĸòɣǹĸ󣬾ȻѾ˿ֻŮͷʱƼӷˡ
⽥ɹֶͤС
ִ󳤹ᵽҳţϰնᵨ󣬳¸ҲҸ¹Ÿɣһ˵ѳȥڵĻͤأ
ڵڸûĸϣִ󳤹еϣѾϵǰǰ׸͢ùԹԷĻ
˵ϼмʮĶأһƷĴԱʱҲֻ˰һĶѡ֪γ͢һҾ͵öɶ︳ТǱֻܵ
ЦЩҪȥ¸϶Ҵͷʿ壬ԱͶ
ִ󳤹˺ߣ㹫ͣĸҲöཻһ︳

Щڨڨִ󳤹һЦģĸ쳯͢ٺ»һңˣûҪ︳Ϊ㱧Թʲô
׶֧ͺˡ
ִ󳤹ѰǵĻãЩǣһСͨ˶໨Ͷ࣬Ҫһֱάݻöȣֻ뷽跨ơ
Ц·ֻܾȡ
ִ󳤹ҾȻտ㻹ǸģӦǾ䣬һˣһš
ù緹ִ󳤹ˡ
ĸĻ˼¾ڻĵ뾩ˣдŸ㣿
¾ڣôͻȻᵽǣ
ԷɴףԼĸ̸
¾ڣ󳤹Ϣͨʲô¶
Ͳ𣿴ڹ㶫׸ҵĴӣǱҲԿݷڡ磬˵ֻ̽״ԪҲ޼¡
¾ڣѲҪǳȥȻԵóǵı¡
ûʲô˵ģµ壬Ҫȥ̽ĸס
¾ڣ̽ĸףǴûидţ
޹ء
¾ڽӲҹϵһֱѾҪɿ΢΢ĳ
գһǰ¸
³ͼһλýų
ýżֵظ
¾ɫԼֵܶˣýΪ˭ֶŮҲʮ꣡
ڳ¾УʮֶŮȻǸӣ˭綢ֶŮǾǲģ
ȻԾҲûô£ʮĴҹ㣬̸ۼ޵͡
ֱ˴á
׸͢ûգڹߣΪýţ㡢඼ĸ
Աߵλ¾λɩӶ档
ȿڣ˿ˣ
Сʱż׺ݣֱӣĸ
ϵЦǰ˼ҵĳʮˣʫ飬䵹䡣ͷ˵ˣٿ˵Ļ£ʱҲʮߣ
ǰ濼ɷضѣٳĸ˲ȷͷֶܼã¼ҽףе˿ͷӣԸý׵ķʽͷͶϣ֮˼ǵĶǹٳһףûϲ⺢ӵġ
ɷŮȥ£ϱ᲻ãһֱҪŮû취ĵһﱲСϻģϵĸһۣǧѡݲʵض¡
¾ĸ׵Ļɫתˣɡ
Ų룬ˮ̵ɫ
ǳ¼˵飬ϲ
ϱӳ¼˱߹أĵҲˣԣմѩصܼ׼ٴһȥͳ¼˳СҪٷִ̽ΧۣҪɼǧԿ࣬λɩֶŮκŮӶֻ֮
Ȼշ͢ﳼҾ죬Ҳͷһˡ
ʱĻûȥ˻ôҲں
ĸԹȥܵǰһȻÿܵǲ㶼ˡ
һֱﶼûʲôЩԹ˵һڳϱտڲᡣ
ĸ󲻻棬ܵܣûܡ
룬ǳǳһڡ
Դؾô£ҲһֱŰŽܵ·ϴ
ò˶ñǶ磬Ҫĺõܾܵû


175 
Դͽ, öȶڼ˲٣ֻǷڵģҲһ, ̫󡢻ϵġ
ѮھĻ׹Ǵ˿, й磬Ϊæ˰ĴҲɲμӡ
ǰһգ¾¸ڡ
ֿ˹̶̰꣬ͷϵİ׷ֶһЩ, Ƕæġ۵ġ
Ѯ͢, ȫطضѾӵϢ, 뾩ǽһЩԱͷ, 㱨޷ļʿ鷴ˣļԺѧ¡
һ, , Ӷ, ѹ·ȫ¶, Թ޻ʵڸ
λ, ޷Թܵܵѹͬܣ϶ܾˡ
¸׼ҩĲƷ, ĸΪ塣
ϱ˵ʱ, ͢Ա, ϴº͵Ц, ȻԻΪ, пɷʱ¹Աа𱸳ȫ֮ͬ޷һ飬ϰˣὫЩڸ֮ʷϡ
ȫ֣񡢾áٳ߹ֵȵȣһ壬Ѿ㼸֮⣬ʵٲŻΪЩǣλֻҪûӣһжԤ֮С
ʮ׸Ƶųףгɷǡ
ʵЩԸģֻͷһӶ׿ȺԼ޷
Ϊصɷۣ֮ȴ޷۵׵Ц⡣
ף¾ڻãл¾ڷĶ죺ĸһϲס
¾վϴǰϴԣҲûڴϵĳֻƵӦǵȻͷмӣĸһطССŮͱͷӵķԵߵˡ

ոѵ˯Ьһڳ¾ڵĺ
ˣ˯Ьڵأһ졣
¾ڵͷ˯ЬٿŭĿĳصҲһϲҡ
ôõֽۣôϲˣ
¾ڣĸҲףżҲᶯִ£ⲻһģһĸ׺ϲͷӣҲ֤Ҳͬϲҡ
ĸ׶Ը׵ǼٵģҶȴġ
˵꣬ˡ
¾ЦЦĬĬزһβһ߽⿪ֻۣһпϣƽɵĳһֿסһӣϵɣƣôҵġ
ˣֻ۾
¾ʲô˵ҲôЦЦӡ
ûãƫͷë봹촽򣬺еŭĵƵȴԽԽ죬ԽԽޡ
¾̻¶Ķôˣ춼
ŸոԤϣǶôҲҪȵã¾׵óӣҲͷſɵһԡ
죬ҲװŪһ
ţһս磬˳ڹסһʱա
¾üͷһ壺סã
ܿԹۣµװɣܵͦģҶ
¾뵽ճϣʵ۵ǺһŻݡ
ʵ󣬿ϵĵҲأûϢģȫƸڸԼ֣ǻϻ𣬶ԪvǸɾʮͣ־򣬱Ҳ鷳ʱӦѹ
ҲԪvʮˣҲͷһסڣԪvۻۡ
׽Ҳһ㣬Ȣʺˡ
¾ڽ֣ϻܰǽѣСսҲûãи֪֪ȵˣʱ˵һ鶼á
ˣ񲿱ȫѡŮŮһʱ䣬괺ܵʮˣô
ѱʵѡƶȶڸ񲿰ͰǣĸģѡʮλŮѡׯɵܵԼѡһΪıˡ
ϧϱӻԪvˣûܿܵѡ㡣
ʱƢҲ̫ģһĻϵĳܵܣȢʲôϱ
ɻ飬ɻȥס¾ʡ

֪ʣռңмϱϲСӾؼָָģ
ʼҹرͶ࣬ȻδĻʺãҲ޹¶ˡ
.
ն繬磬¾˹
ӣҲܵǸûüĻݡ
Ԫvע⵽ߣɫ΢΢ЩΣ½Ц
ûЦеۡ
ϱʱ䶼ǵģװһӵ£Ҫ﹫ߴĻҲҪ취ƽ⸸ʡ¾١
мʱƻ׼ܵȴÿնҪһѴССĳ¡
ĸŮİΪŮ˱㵭ˣԵܵܵҲһµܵˣܵʼնǵܵܣǸڻﶺŪޣǸװʱŵ꺢ͯҲǸʱһҪ¾ڶõС̫ӡ
Ԫv۴СͶòԹɫ츸ĸԣڴ󳼡˵ɫΪһһҲЩ˵ļල֮¡
ԣز׽˽еϧ
Ԫvۣ
һССĻ𣬽Ҳô۰ɣ·ʲôƵġ
ʵۼȾýС֣Īůġ
ûã̫󡢰ִ󳤹ϿŮ˵ȥˡ
Ԫv۴ų¾ߣʱ¾ûżһӡ
Ԫvֵؿ£
ﴦɭϣֱżĴ󣬾սС̫๬Ů᷸
¾ڿԪvۣ뷽ųϵ񡣡
Ԫv΢΢ȡ
¾ںȻ̾ĵôһΣյսϣⱲҲֵˡ
ԪvȻŲõúõĶѽڣ˵ʲôɥ
¾æ
Ԫvٹ㲻٣ֻҪĶԽãҲϡ
¾һ̵ܽı顣
˶󣬹翪ʼˡ
¾ͬϯϯλ̫ԪvۺܽǶ棬ǳ͢׸ˡ
¾ڿͷ༸ʮλӣҲŶʮ߾ˡ

͢俴ǡÿĲ֪˵ʲô˳۵
͢ջߣ۲Ĳ
ԪvҲע⵽ˣͻȻеͬⱲӶᱻǰϧɡ
ϯʼã̷˾Ǳߵĸ輧½̨գһȺ׳ʿģӺչ裬и輧ȹƮƮ·Ů·ˡ
׳ʿʱ¾͵͵󣬲Щ¶żֱ۵˿
ָһ¡
ֵ輧裬ƳһԵĳ¾ڣͼ۹۱ǱǹģǴϵ̸Ĺ

ٿλĵܵܡ
˵ĸԽ̷˾ĸ涨ϣ׹ƻ֮ܵܵĸ輧Ҳȹ룬ܵǸɫģǰЩ輧¡
Ԫv۱͸輧ǵˣ̸ֳ͢ʲôԪv̲סͲɣطǲֳʲôӡ
ϺȻ¶Цݣ͢ҲźЦЦ
Ԫvۣ
ʲôôЦҲ˵


176 
Ԫv۽ȥˮ, ǵĻˡ
ɸرԹȻϡ
ԪvӵϢʱ䣬鷳ʱԪv۾ʹżС̫, ȥ԰ȸ
ϰ߻ǰ¾һȸ֮ɵģ̫ļС˵, иĳ˵
µĻһǣҲöˣԪvٻȥϿΡ
תۻѾڹסʮգҲԽԽˡ
磬Ԫvٴζĸ, ȥܷһ÷
ôԶ, Ҳڡ
Ǭ幬ܷ, Ҫһ̶, ˵ڵչжɹ
Ԫv۽ӹƵĽӲ, ȼ÷, ֻȫˬ졣
㲻, ɰɹҲĸšԪvɨ۳ơ, ΢ѹԽ
Ѿһ, ʶȤ˳ȥ
ɵܵܣĸ⻰ˡ
Ԫvۣ̫Сĸˣȥûġ
ﻰⶼ͸һԹ
Ҳ¶˳ŵܵܣĸĹĿ϶, ô, ҶҪһ, οĸҲø, һŮӶ, Ů϶Ҫɷ򣬺ñһĸ϶Ⱦ㡣
Ԫv۱ıȷЦˣ˶٣̾Ҷһĸûθڣȥ¸ϳԷ˲
Цʣɾʳ
ԪvֱЦ
˰߳Աġ
ˣ񲿾ҪΪѡ㣬ĸҲȥĺ󹬳ӯˣ߶ˣθȻˡ
δŮӱ˵٩£Ҫ죬кһ̬ȡ
Ԫv۱㲻Ϊ⣺Сĸ󳤴ĸŮӸǰԳˣǽҲռҵıˡ
ЩЦ
ԪvʮţЦʲô˵Ҹӣ
ܵܣͷߴ˶Уۿҵĵܵȷʵһ
ԪvֻϣǶֵ㣬Ҫҡ
Ǿ͵ÿĻʺ󹬵ıˣⷽһҲﲻæҲ͡Ϊνסų㻹ûһʱ䣬ˣҪĹҪƽ󹬣ﻹʱдóȥĽ㡣
ԪvۣǲܣȫһҲȲϽ㡣
ֻᣬŵܵܵ⻰ɰɣҿɲʮСĵ
ԪvɫôǺˣɶˣΨһ׽㡣
аɣҼס⻰ˣƫĸ۸ҵɣҾȥʵĻһ
Ԫv룬㲻Ļġ
ûнܵܵĻϣڵܵܵĻ£ΨһָǵܵܲҪѧǰ
Ԫvڽ緹ϢӣŲȥˡ
ȥЪΡ
Щĸȥ԰ɢġ
ĸŮǰ棬ԶԶظš
ǽһЩʲô̫󿴿Ůʡ
Цĸ滰Ǽٻ
̫ҲЦ㡣

̫Ҳߡ
һͤĸ߹ȥùԶԶغ档
ͤʯʯʣȴĸڶ˿£Ȼĸߵƽʱģ磬ʵܵΪηҪԶȥǱ߳ԣ˵ûθڡ
̫Ҫ΢Ц񱻶ӵĻһ׼
Ů
Ҳڿĸ֪ĸʲôȴĸ￴һ˿ѹ
ҲѹĸԵܵͷεģֻΪӵķʽ⣬ʹܻܵôԹ
סĸĸ첲ļ֪һֱҵСӣʲôȷʵɼԼᡣΪʲôҸܵܶ׽ʣΪıãǣСúˣȻϲĴȰҳ
ֻ̫ޱؿͤӶ档
ŮУŮû̫ߵûôϣȻҲûôܵأСʱÿοԳ¸ĸ˵Цģһ·ĸԺӣҾ뵽һĿڡ
Ůˣĺ࣬ϣܵܳһǰܵСδȷʵϸѪҲûа׷ѣܵöãԼ˯ùҲŸѧϰټЩʱҲжȡ
ЩĹͣǴˣЩԹ壬ŮľãܵԽԽˣҲطˣôزֵܵܵһһۣᷳ꣬ԽԽѵĸ֮ԽԽԽģֻʣ±ϵТ𣿡
ļˣϣĸܱܵϱ
ǵãȥҵܵ¼ʱܵܲϼΣֻȥĸ󣬿ʱĸ󣬺һӲʮ꣬˶ԴµΡĸûж˵ĸߵĹ˵ĸȥܵˣܵظ󹬲ø
䣬ж䣿
ʱ벻Ҳû˼ΪĸܱܵⱲӵʱԽԽӽǸʱ򣬻в⣬Ҳõ˴𰸡
ĵ۾ϡ
ʵȫڹͷϡ
ϱӵ£󲻾ãһܵ԰磬ʲôϯѪй˽ǱߣһٷˣĸҲûй
Ƕϯϣ̰ܵˣ̷˾ĸ輧Ҫǳַʱ˵ĸ̷˾˹أ֮յܵܣƫƫƫף輧ҳܱܵˣȡҪɱˣ²գȻ⣬ܵȻ輧ͷ
ʵ£竿ܶӵмС
һҪܵܳΪ׶Եܵϼӹ̵ܽĸ󣬾Բ̡
ϢĸУĸȻŭܷܵҪΪܵдＺگܵڳϵٹٵԼĹҪͨ¹Ա
ʢʱڣʱĻڳձõϢʱܵڳϵϴˡ
ؽ
ǰܵʲô£Թ䣬һΣܱܵտڲᣬʣܷܵȥ
ĸΪܾܵȡַʽ֪ԺܵܲŲǵȻ֮١
ĸһֱó޷ûõָֻܵ˴ǰĿʣûж롣
ڻףܵܵʱͺĸ빫ˡ
ǶӣԶĸֻܽԹйһֱĸĹͷϡ
۾ϣָƭɱΣָð˻ϡ
׸͵ûᵽＺگ¼˹Եܵµĺܶطٵӣڸ̵ܵܶʱΪһЩûҪС¸ǳܵܡ
˶ף򣬱ǵдලܵڳＺگ
λ뿴ܻܵ᲻Ⱦƣ᲻Ž̷˾ĸ輧һٶȷסĸ
ϱӴ·ʱ䣬ܵҲû˼ϲǲʽ˴ȸ
ŵܵѾˣٷĹ
зƷʱл嶯ʱ򣬻ϣĸܱһ䣬иõȰ˵ʽҪôˣҪ˵ܵܵģҲҪõܵܳ׽ĸΪ̫һТ˳ȴТ˳İ衣
̧ͷʼһԲĸ
Ķ̫ҲͷŮ۽ǹһᡣ
̫ЦЦӰŮҶûޣʲô
᣺ΪˣҲܡ
̫Ƶ̾˿
ʼģɣȥҵܵܶŰɣ
̫Цһڲŵǲˣȥţһ޵ľ㡣
е£ֲǺ£סĸ絣ˣΪܹܵĸТԸðա˵ˣȥҵܵܣܵܺңҲҾͲŮһӶ
̫ȷʵ᲻ãѾԹˣСްˣĹ¼ҹˡ
ΣŮͷģûôɵЩҲȥˡ
𣿡
̫εĲɰҿɲ׶һٷԸҳԣߺôиţסܵܶңﻹʲô˼
Ȼһ£¶һĨЦ
̫ŮЦݲ̫ʣЦʲô
ٴδյĸߣĵĸ˵͹һרΪõġ
̫󣺡
ץסŮ֣һ£㣬Զ㣡
ңҵܸܵ״ȥɱ׶ˣ
̫󣺡


177 
ڹס˼, ⼸գһڻǻǬ幬
ͷ֣ĸԵܻܵǰ̬, ѧҵûʲôлˡ
Ҳ, ĸͻȻ䣬񸸻ǰ׺ͰЦ˭ò
ջƻ裬ĸŮһͻʱ̫Ůν, ΪľȰ˵ҸĸӰɣ
ҲΪܵܺ, ĸ, αΪ˼ػֵ̫
̫ͷ, ˻ֱ׻˵ûϵ, ܵǱ, ۹»Ǽ, 㾡ٲ͡ңд, , ܵܵ⻹ûʲôˣ㡣Сȵ۳, ܹʲôί
һ, , ᱻע⵽һĳ, ϣͨӰϵĳЩ뷨
ʡ, ȴὫյء
ͬǳʵ׽뱻ʵûκγͷǴҲһ
̫ŮãŮìܡ
ĸЦЦģŮִ֪硣
ûѧδ£ֻػһΣ֪ϱЩҾԱ⣬ЩҾܼظðͰԾԡ
ܰҲͽڽˣԺᷢʲôҲûа취Ԥϣµģǵܵܡθǡ
ֻǣȫԹҲǲܣǸˣԼжϣһõܷܵ˴ǻԽȥȰ˵ȥΪһ˵ദʽиһ鷳һе˵ʱһЦִȻǽܡ
ĵܵܲ٣δҪĸ󡢹һζ˳ŵܵܣֻöϿЩƽͽͨģαطҪܵܵԹޣܾˡ
ΣܵƣҪ輧ͷֻҪĸŪʲôＺگֻʹܵܣҲᶨվĸߣѵܵһ١
.
¶ʮգ¾ڽ밲Цĸ󡢵ܸܵ룬Ժܶٽס
˹ͱү˻
ȡһ¡
¾һһסûʲô֣ȣǶ
ƫ࣬ʣûԷ
¾ڣãС
Ц˳ֻǴǲ㱻¾ڱǰڵ
ʵ̫ףΪγ¾Զ˳飬˵ճ׵ʱʣѾ롣
󣬻Ҳȷмܲסĳ¾ڣףֻҪε񿴹ֽŷ
ȵʳ̵ƽƽʯ·үı䣬ͷϽػš
ӻʳǵ·¾飬ž룬ǰĳŵһϡ
֪ҪʱƽȻû
óеľӣԾݣ޷δңǺģɢ˰ء
¾ӣ½
һƬֻȻصĺûݵʱȥ¼̫̫㣬¾ڵһζûء
ʱհ޲ҧϵһ⣬ջյģֻϰˣƽϡ
ſڵˣ¾ҪȥʶϿ¾ͻȻͷײ˸š
ƿߡ
¾ζЦЦ𼱣ȥ㿴

¾ӣӹƵɡתŽ
ȵһۣ̽
Ⱪɹܼ˶شۡ
¾һɡ£ֱӻܷ
򶫴μ䣬ʱ¾ڷԸƼѾ¡
򵥵һ仰ȴ·ʲôҩֱֻһ顣
ңʶƳױ̨ͼѾˣҲŶ
¾ڸ˽
ƫߵǰϴܵǴˣ˭ϴ
¾ڣ
ֱӰϴϵͭ˹ʪӣšòٵˮ
ӹ¾ȴ̧֣°ͣΪ
۾
¾ָĦ糺գˣô졣
΢΢ü
¾ýӻĶϣָ֣Ҳһ顣
ˣ¾ڶͭŻϴϣûױ̨ǰԼȡһΡ
յϴܣ¾ۣʪӲϡ
ǷڶʮʮжȺͦΣխɫжչֳļÿ
Ŀӣֹʼ
ģֻ治ɫ߳ܵ
ô֪ҽһ
Ӻ󣬻һһҧʡ
¾ڿЦЦʮҲԤˣб޻
.
һ¾ȻҲˣÿ֮µ볤֮
ִ󳤹ֶŮʹȤСڹʱˡ
΢գ˵´ҾͲдˡ
ִ󳤹ЦҿǺûñˣСô౦㾹ȻӲš

ִ󳤹˵ģ֮ǰǵĻûأҶǲ껹ˣ׼ҪˣȻͣȻĸٸԤһС
룬ˣ
ҲĸװΪԼģԼ·ԺͲƷˡ
ִ󳤹ȵаǳ¸ϵĶӣб¡

߹ĸ󣬻ѪѾȥȻߵ¾ƽʱűǰ뿴¾ھжٴ
һ飬ͷУģһһࡣ
ô࣬궼òꡣ
ü
뵽֮ǰڴϣ¾˵ǷʲôúӰ
ҪϢӣ¾ڻظȥ԰һȦԹЪˡ
ڶ¾ڻȻûԤ롣
صμ䣬վǰڴ߷Ļӵĳ
˸ӣƳһۣ£
¾ڣ룬ֵˡ
ЦЦûҡ
¾ڣôûԤ
ˣȲĻԤҲš
¾ھȻ͸ûô¡
Ҳ̽ݺȴϣǿ϶Ƣ
¾ںƶˮԼȥ׼뱸ãȥö򿪸ӣͼбʱȻֻʣǸ˴ĺӣ
¾ڶǹһվ˰ΣԺͷȡһ˵
ݺˣ¾»صμ䣬ߣĻ
̧ͷ
¾üʲô˼ˣˣ
ûˣⱲҲ˭ֶ
¾ڣǾˣ
ûӣյⷿˡ
¾ڣΪΣƽʱõģֲռط
ѻ
¾ֱӰѻˡ
ۣҲûȥ½
¾֪Ӳ˱ȰѳӣٺƵʣúõģͻȻʰǸʲô
۾̫ˣŰۡ
¾ڣǾһһУ
õʲôʱ򣿡
¾ڳĬ
ƫؿڣ꣬ˡ


178 
ͬһ仰, ͬһҲͬ˼
˵Ǿ䣬¾ھշбʱһԺ˲ðüͷ
, ˣ
˵, ꣬ʱǰˣ
¾ڵͷڻĳͿ֬ҪĶô⸱Ӹźݻ
컹û, 㾹Ȼ˵¾٬

, š
¾ڿȻ, ߳ŭ׼뿪ʱ, һѽ˰ػ
Ѿ, ֪Լʲô, ʱ˭Ҳɵش, һ볤´أ
ŴһĨϦʧҲȥ
޷ҵ, ȹڻѵ䡣
˼𣿡¾ڿ۾, ȷϵ
ûϵôʣСжˡ
ʵʣµģŻð, Ҳǵ¡
ǰ, ľǵȵ, ȷ¼ϱеֻٷ, ¾Ҳ԰ĵؾӪǵСҡ
ڳ¾ھҪ, ҲûйϵΪôŬŹڰ²ţЩ󳼲л۹ҲŵܵܲôضԴ¼ҡ
Ȳ꣬ûв
ԣڳ¾ڵ⣬ֻƫͷ̫˵صȻҪ÷ˣЩ
¾͸ƢͲ˵һҲҪֻ̫ץؼ۾С
ƩڣɫûзԣֻǴսپ
ܽԸ⡣
ίԼԸǴϲʱ¡
ĳô۵Сӣĸֵܵˣ
¾ڵˣҼɳȥļ뵽ϻҪӦɹԱͷӣ뵽Զڽϡ㶫λֳ¾ںݺݴһȭԱߵ齣һַȹڣһӣá

ûӦ¾½һȹһߺɵصϲڶͻȻôãܾﲻ̤ʵòɢﷹɣ
ͨ죬ɬѾ޹ˣǱģ
ͬˣȻ
ԲҪѾȹӣѾӭܵѾǻƱŤŤʱȻ;ϣó飿
ˣʲôƴڻҲûãſ
¾ںܻῴɫʵʵ֡
ָ⣺ȥƵ˯Ҳ뿴㡣
¾ڣУҹȥҪúóԷΪӡ

¾ƵأЬӣһۣ޿κεˡ
ڴߣͦεıӰʧϣҧҧ
ƱѾƽ̽Сؿϵĳ
ǨŭǣŲʱɫָ糣ڷɡ
֪Ƣã˾䣺Ƿݣ˸͹ȥȻûΪܸסһƵС˰裬ƽʱֻǱߵĹ
㡣
£ýһ
£Ϲķ˵ûʲô£
.
Լ˷θڻϾ¾ڲǹ׽ŪʱһҲͺˡ
ԡ󣬻ѣμݣոĳ¶ϴ˹
¶Ǳ°ͣˣңǲҪ
ôأǱȥһҪ߳ģһǻͿذȥ
ҧס촽ڲ࣬ס㱻¾ڶЦ˻ŵͷ͵֪ɡ
¶һЦô󣬶ǳİ
õңԺϴ˻磬ͷˣҲˣŽҡ
źۼɨһȦ²׼¾ڲؽ³ˣǶھ
ľÿ춼ѾǴɨĸɸɾҵѬ㣬¾˯һûϵ
úϢˡ
ơƤЦЦĵƣȥ
ڴϣһǱߴεĽŲ
֪¶ǿ϶ҲµĬֺα͵͵
΢΢³¾ɹҪ
Ŀ֣˵˲㣬㻹ʲôҪǹ˼棬ȥˡ
¾ڣڲģͷҪܿҵߡ

һ
¾ǿнת˹ͷҪ
ϹԹϣϳţҲţֻһ粻ˣûһͱ˿ס˫֣ô׾ôס
ΪҲ룿ǶҺ޲һ
죡
¾ڣУ˵һθڣȸ㲹ϡ 
´ȥױ̨Ǳ̳
ﻹеŤӷųĳ
үưͣ㳤䣬ֻޱ
֮ڣָҲ򳤹ıǼ⣺ڻû
ûشһ£ȣ΢ˮһȦ
¾ס֣ף󳤹˵ʲôˣôһˣͼҪˣ
˶٣ĸΪûˣһݣұȥ㻹жٴ
¾ڣȻӶˣ
ܲ꣬Ҷˣ
¾ڣʮֲ߰ϡ
ǲϣʱȴʮͷˣĸ˵˹ʮ㲻ˣӱͲǴԽԽҿɲġ
¾ڣ
ĥЦüֱ±Լɵһԡ
ֻŶ¾ھͰסˣѹʵҧгݣ˭㣬Ӳǣ
״Ԫ̽ͯûϰɣ
¾ڣΪҲ뿼
ǰܶ˿ϽʿҲΪǲ뵱ʿ
¾ڣУţ⼸߹شŶûս£쿪ʼұͷ㿼״Ԫ
Ҫ
¾ڣǣҸա
ĵ
¾˴˵ƣȥϴǱϴ
ĬĬؿ
ܿ죬¾ϴˣˮʪź򳤹
ұ۾æ£ŵп״Ԫı£˰ɣÿ۵ģôࡣ
¾ڣ뿼Ȼӣ϶Ҫҡ
šĸ첲ҲУΪ˲ù㿼״Ԫ֮ǰһֱ˯Ƶ
¾ڣ
ץס֣û㿪Цϲ״ԪҾһܸ㿼
ϲ״Ԫһδǣֵõ㣿
¾ڽĶ䣺ϲ״Ԫϲʲôģ

¾ϸգһ·׵ǡ
ʹ˳ǲģ
ЦЦǡ
¾ڶסҧһڣ˵ϲңͷǴ߳ˡ
ԵȵȿһҲ˵


179 
³峿, ¾վˡ
һîʱ֣ȻһƬڣ쳤, ʱѾһƬ
أ˯ɫĵЩ, ¶ͷƬӨ׼
¾ڿһȥ
ѳ԰ѩǣ⣬¾ߣӵܼ
ߡܼ򵥵и
¾ڵͷ߿, Ȼͣ, ǼҵСǲǸˣ
ܼܳصǰ, ǵð
ʮһ, ʵڸˣ⹫˼پͼҴһؼȥ, û뵽⹫˳, ճһݺ, ռ٣ĵˡ
¾Цʲôϵ, ĺҵȻǵ, ͷȾơ
˵꣬¾ڷﳤȥ
ܼؿүԶȥӰ, , ȷ, ۹ϵ, Ҳûʲô°ɣ
иŴҹϻյ, С٩Ŀ
ͳųһ룬ӶҪˣŮûӰأĽͳͰˣȻ߸˵Ҫͳף
ܼɫһؿȥֱ˵⻰Ҳܱŵģ
Уοǣ˳
ֻǼɫĲһʱ죬ܼһ棬ϴ
ܼ²Ϊ
.
¾ڿ۵س˳š
ǳ壬ͷӡ
ıؾ֮·żҴһլӣﶬڣ¾ڹȥҲ±˲ȴʺڴͷ¾ھʱŵص㣬һС´ξ˰ͻǵׯں¾װ򼸸·ٽ̸䣬ʱҲֻϡ
ʵΪ˸ףʵ峿ǰ·ϻҲûʲôˡ
磬¾ֶһС֡
ʱ¾ڼٶȣյСֱԵҲûǰ߼ǿסӰ󣬱°ڣ⿪ˮ״
һ˶ڲݴԺ󣬵Щȸһϸ¶ʮģѻҲȥˡ
ȸָȵۼݱ꣬ƽ֮ս󣬽ǰʮزб
ѻǽǰָʹ誡
¾ڣôģ
ˣ˫ϣСһֱϣǳûˡ
¾ڳĬ
Ҳ˲вò۵ʿǶ˸첲Ƕȣȱݾ͹ʹˣҪΧߣ˴ĵ治ͷת䡣
е˱ĥе˴ȥһأϧ˶ϡ
ǰʮزбڽʱѾʮˡ
ĶΣ
չ˵ĺãҲٲʹöУ̫ãи︣ģ˫ĿʧϱڵСˣʱ䲻ַǻû֣ҹﶢҲײ︣ˤˤ룬˳Ҳµˡ
¾Цϱǵ󡣡
ˣҪǹ˼ѻŮĺά֡
¾ڣ︣ѻʲô̬ȣ
ˣѻ²Żȥ̽Щ˱Щҩģ︣δζѻţֻ۾ϹˣҲа̣ĬԣʲôҲ䵽أӶûͷˣĻ˼Ĺˡ
¾ףģյĴ죬ҹȥ︣Ǳҩźá
˱︣ĵַ
¾ϵÿˡ
ٳǰǿķŵˮҲӱķȻȥ
.
ˮ࣬¾ںܿ͵ȵһ졣
ưãվＸ۾οҹһƬڰ
ҹ죬¾ڱʱ򣬻ûʲô̤ʵ
¾Ķ䣺ҵȻóš
㵵ؿȥ
¾ڿͷӷԸģҲ㣬³ˣ֪޲ԡ
ܲ棬ų¾ڣҲԼĹ
Ҳйܶܣмγ¾ڴҲµ˼֣ûбʹֻĬĬϡ
Ĵ
¾ЦЦˮҶꡣ
£Σ𣿡
¾ڣʳӣֻǲңûôݡ
ʲôʱûģһۡ
¾ڣҳˣֻ˯õңҲȷʲôʱ
ͷ
¾߳ɴʣվǰ£Ǽɫĳۡ
ƺעӣ¾ٴߣ
뵽ϱӵǸϡ
ҲģҪˣһɴʣ䵭𣺡Աأˡ
ʱǲҲߣҲһ˵ʲô
סĲӡ
¾ڶ˶٣漴ЦûκΣգͻȻðһŮҪҡ
˭ҲҾ͸ѧĸ
¾ЦһͷҧⱲ㶼Ρ
һӺ󣬳¾һ£󲽿С
Ȼ䱸ɭϣֻǳ¾Ҫȥ֪ţܿѰᣬѸʧããҹ
︣Ǿˣסڳߡ
ĸţڵ常ĸƾߴ׳ѡ˽ǰҲȢһɫϱϡ
Ķɣǰﶼһģ︣Ҳȷ˼۶ĺӡ
ֻǣ︣˫Ŀʧòر̧һ˵һ
ԽԽΪ˵ɷ׵ĶҲη徭Ƣĸס
︣ȻмˣȴʵĹ¼ҹˣϲһڷ䣬ҽַǽǰֵָ̽ʹԹ︣Ҳʬһ㡣
Ϸ᷿
Ӹסڶַ᷿˯ˣסݣ︣Լ˯ݡ
ܴҹĻ٣Ӷ˯º·ֻʣ
︣ȴ˷ǽ˹ƿݵţĵȥݡ
һӣһ׵ܵܵõܡ
︣һЦ
õˣ︣Ȼѣ˲֪ãһԲķǽӺǱġ
︣Ȼ޶ԣûãȻ˯ˡ
ֱǶͻȻһ쳣̱ǵζ︣˫ĿʧȻֻкڰ
˰סļ򣺡𶯣˵仰
︣ƽƽģ˭
һɽһɱеͬۡ
︣ĬƬ̣ȷ㲻ǽǰġ
ȷʵǣҲкֵܶ˳֮͢ǰһɽǰͽһ޷֤һ޷ߣЩԩĵֵӢ꣬Ҳһ޷뿪ɽ
̺︣۵΢΢鴤۽Ҳ
Щԩֵܣͬ޷ߣԩرˣҲޣǸòȻˡ
֪ģңΪ㱨𡣡
ֿ︣Цƾʲô鶼ȥˣƾ֤⿿һ죬û˻š
ֻ㣬ѾǱ߻˻ţ֪ǰͨУֻҪǵĿڹϣ
︣ģ
ΪİΣڻ˵ҼȻ㣬֤Ҫͽľġ
︣ٶȳĬ
Աߵ˵ҿý㣬ҲɱǶԶΪ㣬ҲмţҳŵΪǰǧԩֵƽԩѩ
ٴӿ︣ۿǿˣǵһһµֵǣǵһ˫˫Ŀ۾ϾҪӮˣϾͿԻؾˣϾͿžˣȴҲزȥ
һ˫ֽסļ򣬰æƽ޷ֵĳ鴤
Է϶ϵᣬʪĶѡ
︣ĿնתȥڣսǰһգҺܼ˯ţָʹ˵ҪҹҾţҲ˯ţȥָʹúϢĵ߹ȥÿָʹû¶棬ָʹѸˡ
ɽʱѾҵָʹΣգԶԶظȥûãֿһӰЩ¹⣬ϳԷǵĳ򣬿ɳΪιظָʹҲףţָʹɱ˳һΪǼϸٺҿָʹѰѾӪһȥ
ҺܻţҲָʹʲôָֻ֪ʹң·ǱӪأװʲô֪
ڶ죬Ѿ˶Ϊǵùָֻ֪ʹѾģ
벻ףͼʲôͼʲô
ֶ̫ӣΪҪԼֵȥעɲѾ
︣벻ͨҪˣ
¾ס˫ۣͳüò˶֪ҪģǼغԼҪκ˻ɡ
︣侲ͷãҵ㡣


180 
, ɽͤء
ƻʱ֣Тڴһ׮ӣһ, ӳá
βͣǿ, ͷѾɽȻȷ·
ТһҡȣͥɢƵ츮ڵĽ
츮ǰЩͷˣ֦Ҷï, ͷڶ, ߻Χżͷͯ
ѽ, ֪شˣ
Тڳ, һͯƤЦؽ˳
ͷ̧ͷϳТ, ʱҽɢ, ǣԼӡ
ת֮, ¾ֻʣһѮҡ뷢ϡľͷĺͯ
ҵĶ, ͷǰڰ֣ȥ, ȥ
ӵɼ۳Тڣȥ
ТѾ߽ʮͷ, , ЦŶͷô򵥵, ʦںַǿİɣ
ͷǿ, Ҳ, ֡
Тڣʦֺֺǡ
˵꣬ӣеּ
ͷһۣĬĬ塣
һޱڽʱɫѰ
Т̾ϵ˵ˣҵҲðʦ
ͷ㾫ˣҵҲ
ȻһƷ磬ͷҶOO@@ػТ̧ͷٳͷһЦҲʱ˺ͣҵղżӮ̣Ҳռıˡ
ͷźЦ˵
ТڣǻȻܵû࣬ҵ粻֪ȥˡ
ͷƳĶӣԹˣûҳԶټҳɡ
ТڣʦңʱΪ˲һٷ
ͷҡҡͷ
ТƹүүƵķͷ·츮ߡ
˵Դְͤͷ츮ܣ츮ûҹܳסߡ
ҵĳ׼һ࣬ɫζȫǽ
ТصҵңҴ磬ڹ㶫϶ûôõķˡ
ͷиصˮ㶫еˡ
Тڣʦʶ㣬ҽ
ͷһ÷һ߸˵Щ㶫ؽζ
Тýζ
ͷ߲ϵ̽мϤĿɨȻϾҪĵˣһ㶼ż
͢Χسǵ֪ͽͷöæˣֻгТڣµ׵Σȴһζû
ģϲһСɳТʣͷҲ¹ؼʱͻȻһкݵģ˫κء
ɲΪТЦÿΣΪûкС
Т⻰ЦøÿˣһΪͷҨװ񶹸һصңżˡ
ͷҰʲô
Тڣǻͤص׸ֱҴΨհֻҪ˭ã
ͷ½ëͷԶ
Ȼᵽ磬ТҲرˣЦŵҵʱҶϻˣԸҽ˰ĵҶ񲻳ʦ棿ҵݺѵһ٣Ϲģ˵ڸʱԻϡΪȣڰգҲڻϣܷԡ
ͷĥ˼ܻĶҪڣТڵĸñˣҰһȻҲˣҵǻȷʵûǱһ࣬עҪʵʷûΪǵ︳͢Ÿɣװڲǲǣ
ͷ
ТҨһ׶ҵ˵ˣʮϾҪʮˣƽʱ߶ʮ٣Ͽ϶ףٵҫҼҵĽæ˵Ҳܵҵ˵ˣ͵²ûܵġ
ͷ
Тڣˣ괺ҪμӴǰɣʱиһ׽ʿһ˫ϲ
ָҳ
ͷ
ؿ˳Тһۡ
ТڣⶹóԣԵ㣡
.
㶫ݸ
ĵյĸ磬ʿ岻罭Ǳ߶࣬µģ²ȫѹѪֱӾͰЩͼıʿѹȥ
ֻǽеĵһ꣬ˣָСȴ²Ȼæ顣
հ²ڻص֪ţѾˡ
иڴ˵Ⱥˡ
²ңһ˱߳Աġ
ԥɽܣཱུΪ׵ľǶնˣཱུȴ׳꣬װɱ˿ϧ͢Ĵð취Ƕͷ֣ۡ
͢궼ȱۣ߹޳ˣ̰ˣɽɿҲˣðգǲ¡
ڳ͢İ£򽵱ɢ䵽ط
ǡ굱㶫߷һ󣬳ֱ͢ӵ˰ǧ
²Ҫͨе֤ݣ˶ǰˣҲҪӴѾߵĽ
أԥͷһ֪ıǹȡ
ȵĿڹץһ򣬴ӳе֪ĵҪ׺롣
ʵϣɳȥһȷûܻ䵽ѾУҪ˸ץס𽫳ȥȣٸãҲܻһЩʿ̣誰ͨУͨҲһЩֱӾϵ˾ȡ
ȵۼݱʮһ£ȥ£²ڵꡣ
ۺϸصϢ²ڴͨѾǱ߸ҹʿ
սˣŵʮ߸ĵصĶ˿죬ճֻʣڹ㶫ߵģѾڿĥʹʣ˻ûлӴ
²㶫Ҫһ׮ǵˡ
û¶棬ͽȥǶڵĿɽ˽Է飬ϤˣŴ̽ꡣ
ˣǿûʲôĻʲôʲôųĬز¶Ҳʮ־ѣҲæ˵ʱлʱʵҲᡣ
²ڣԽˣԽܲסܡ
ˣǸô죿
²ڣдɽǱܵľ֡
.
պŴӻԼһȴʮµ鷿
ٴǰһ¡ׯѮӣԾ˹
ĬĬشΧٴڶԷϡ
²ڿһۣʣϵ֣
ŵͷ
²ϵֽٵǰ
Ŷһֽдţһֻȸץһֻӣɻһ̳Ǯ
ȷˣ²ڽֽͭƣŻûֻֽʣһ㱡Ļң²ڵ͵ڲɽһУͨ͢еİӡ
ޱ飬ֻͫԲ
²棬۾˵ҽι֪ǰԭǴ²ڡ
źͷ΢
Щʿ֪ıȰն࣬˵͢¸ϵģҲ඼֪¸ӣй״ԪȴȢһƽӵĴ²ŵڶһ̽ɷûʲôֵһĴš
²ڿĺᣬȸָǰǱߵˣԷ֪֮ͨ˵ݣֻҪѾ֤֤ȷʵ˸ͨ籨ţץ˳ǾͿʵͽ
ţΪҪң
²ڣѾҹʿ֮һṩ֤ݣҿԷɡ
ţҲ֪飿
²ЦЦ֪飬ȴ֪ҵܣǾֻܱڡ
ţ


181 
³һ, ڹסһգĸϷ̸ܵܳһչ
ѵʱѾȥ, صʿڸܵ볯͢ڳ͢ηѹ֮, ҲûļʿԸ⵱ͷ񣬹ʿ岻֣ǿ£Щ׿ڻǰŵķҲûнġ
Ԫv۷·Ҳһũ򣬴첥, ֮Ϳʼ, ׯѾ, ֻա
, ɹҲһݹ͡
ԪvؿŽ㡣
Ц־ȣʲôˣ
Ԫv۵, δػĸŸɡ
æ˸ꡱָ, ֵܵܵԼõ, ǣ
Ԫv۲£ЦȹӶ, ͽһ񡣡
޹», ҿܲ𣬷ʹһЩ֬ˮۡ޳УҾ͸, ҲõıԹ˵ġ
Ԫvۣ, ϾҪ, ҽ˸Ԥһݡ
, , ˳¸
Ϊ٣Ѿ˴꣬ŨܵķһЩ˿Ҳ֪˳ЧϺóԺ˯ģɫǲ㡢඼Т˳ﱲҲԽԽˣϻ治Ҫ̫ʲô
һԵķƻʱ֣ãĸʱᵽ˹ڸ׻ô𣿡
ϣǰҲ֪춼æʲôڸλϣͲһ
߶ͣˣˣ츣ǳ͢ա
ϣôˣôĪͷˣ
ȥڸͷӽл
ǰͷӻдϱһһԶٷͷæˣǵڲŻظ
ЦûУֻòףЩ??ҡ
ؿڣͷ׶仰Ҫм㣬˵ˣ綼ôͷӡ
ͷ֣ĸҲͦᶺ˷Цġ
ȷʵˣϱʱ򣬹ಡûվҪ徣Ⱳһжˣ˼ҲӲӲʵģɻơ
Ҳ֪ǽڸûôæǳ͢ҲҪдһسϱ͢رȽ磬¾ãͼͷӲλЦʲôĸסλɩӡǴһЦżҳ
ϹԼźۼص˹ȥ
¾һĸ׵Ҷˣɡ
ϣļǶû
¾ڣжٵĳԣ𣿡
ʳϱǾڴ
Цŵͷ빫ҲֻģҪ¡
¾ͬϯˣ¾ƫƫȻ֦ͷ塣
ûжʡ
󣬻ֻ˵ٶĸȻȻ
¾ڵҲûͷ壬һţȥҡ
СֹصģʲôĻ
׸ӣҲ̸̸İɡ
ϷЦ
ҵĸ
ݵĳĬ󣬳¾ڼϱߵѾˣҰڴǴԺȥһ棬Ǹµģڷ
͢ӣãһֻȸһֻӣ𣿡
¾ڣùɣѡ
Ѿȥ˿ֻ꣬ҪҧǱݺҧ︣Ŷ˳¼ҵĺôǱвȣҲ޷ó֤ǽҲ˵ͬˣ˳ṩɽڳǸĺǣҲ˵ϵнգǰľ֡
͢׼ô죿
¾ڣ̽ϵ˼Ҫ飬жԲߡ
͢ϲ׷
¾ڣ͸÷˼ˣŻѪʮ꣬ô̳һ̻鳼Ļӹʵۡ
͢
¾ڣ𣿡
͢ɳ嶯
̫ϾǻϵĸҪ࣬Ҳ֮飬ҪԪvʱ䣬Լѡ
¾û˵ʲôصݣϻˡ
̸ʲô
ãɵϺ󣬻˾䡣
¾ڱ͵ϴҹǼ¡
æˣ
¾ڣˡ
ʶȤز׷ʡ
.
ѮһϢǰȥһ︣˱ҹץ飬ˡ
飬︣棬ǰĸ̣
課֪ҲͰˣȻ֪ˣûеȥ̽
ƻʱ֣ɳȥ֪ˣ˵õԼȥҡ
һϣڸˣһտ˾ŵĺӣ쵽︣ķ⣬ȷĺӡָʹ˲Ҫˮӱ︣ӱ᷿
ң֪һˣԭϣҲսս
ƿţһƬ谵︣ڱߵĴϣ˯ֺˡ
߹ȥվڴǰ
︣΢΢˶û£Щȥɡ
誼е︣ǸЩµˣҲ⸱˲˹ӣҲЩͬ顣
ס︣жλޣģһɫһλӡ
︣Ц˵ĺˣֻѾˣҲ뵢ˡ
Ļ䣬誵ȻҪһ
˵˺ܶ໰︣򶯣ίؿ˳
ٰοһ︣ƽϲʲôŮӡ
︣ģĵЩܷöҡ
̾Ҳã︣ˣȢɫģױ˵ǡ
ڿοµ飬վû뵽ͻȻһƬתļסܲûˤ
ŵؿ︣͵ɨӣһϸϸܴǽڷŵ³̶̽һء
ҧ⣬ݵҲֵֻһݵƿ³˳
.
ҹ˾Զͣ·˼Ĺſ·ʱĽ
誾ͱ϶Ĺͽˡ
̧ͷ󾱱㴫һʹԴҲġ
誶ǰ˲֪ٻҳ¼ӡĵ棬գԼ︣˰㣬ȫҲһȦ
ûνһһӡ
ưܣãϵԶĹͣǳĸׯķᡣ
֪˶ã洫Ų
ؿſڣûֻ˳涴ţŶ룬͸ûбϵţ調һţҲһӲݴĻ谵ԺӣԶǺǽӰ
ٿǰĳ¾ڣԼһͷֵİ˷ŵ︣
¾ڽ̳ŵϣޱصȸݴ˽ȥ
︣ȿڣ˵ǾѾܵǰһײɱ򣬳ѾӪһ
ŽŽ߮ǰ˳ʬȥҹʿ֮һȿ˳ϵѪ֣ҲֽˣڴȥҲҵص㡣
課Ϊ
¾ڷԸȥԺš
ŷ︣¡
︣ǰڵķ򣬱˲Ҫңȱǰ
誻δš
¾߹⿪ϵĲ
調ЦΪˣͿˣ
¾ڣǲߣڰ׺Ѿһ̣ұ㻳ˣŽǰȥѾΪȥңҲΪýǰǧ˵һƣϴϵɡ
誣ҪңȻɡ
¾ڣֻΪף߻Ҫ˲öϣ̫鷳
˵꣬¾һƺ߿ʼһȥ
ŵŨҵͩζ
ͷҪɱң
¾ڣɱ㣬︣Ͷ㻳ģΪ˼˲ҽҷ㣬͵飬Ҳδ֣һҲ뿪ˣˣȥٸףܽҷУԼҲԵõѡ
誣ͲסѶг
¾Ц˿վ̳һ̳ͩͣһȷʵĹ⣬ʱ᲻ᱳң
誷·һʶһ㣬ų¾ڡ
¾ȴûôͩͣΨһһյ˵⡣
ʱ¾ڲһۣЦЦ꣬ڿԽˡ
誣ңۣܲ鵽ˣŭ飬ȻҲ˳˿鵽ͷϣ
¾ڣ㻹̫Сҡ
˵ţ
ۿҪ֣ȫһˣڵأ̧ͷ¾ڷǸĺӷ·ʧˣֻʣһҪˡ
¾ƺǱȡã΢΢µ
ﲼѪ˿Ҳ¾ڣҲޣֻ̫ϲ̫㣬һʱϣһսҳˣҲˣҲФ뻪֣ȻҲͨӣ¾ڣ֤ҸʲôֻҪңԸȥ߹أҲǰΣ
¾ڳĬ
誣ú룡ɱȴԼյأһջ̻̣һֱΪˣۼҲ˻ģֵ𣿡
Ųз̵ϣ¾һѻͷ
調ధĿУ¾ĵ
誵ıûκα仯Ψһľҵš
Ϊתһ̣¾ȻŲܿ죬̫Ԫvͬʱǰǰӣŭ졣
誣


182 
Ԫv۷ǳŭ
ǰϲ, ЩĹٳαԪvҲֻżζʱȻԼұ˫ȫ
ǰ, ¾ڵ˵¾ڶ誵Ļ, ԼķѰ֤
Ԫv۲Ըţɳ¾ûݺִĶο»ϵǰȥǧʿԳ¾ڵ֮䣬Ԫv۱ˮʯ
ΨһĹ˼, ĸǱߡ
¾˵, ޷׿ڳ, Ըܷ
Ԫv۱ȥĸˡ
Ԫv, ĸûΪ¾ڵĲŭֻɫصǰ, ϡ
Ǿ˽¾ڽԲѵ誴乬, ٰһֻԶͽмװλڳ, 誵Ľ䱸
Ϊһ˽кۣͬ¶, 㾹Ȼȥ߹, Ҳ䣡
ԪvߵǰһڶԷؿڡ
øϧʵ۴СȱⷽڲŵĻ, ֻȫһйŭ𣺡פر߹, ҹ߹Ҳˣ
誵ڵ, ɨվԪvĹĸ, Цһ, ˵
ֻг¾ڣͼѰֹĸԪvҲڣ誱֪Լû˻·
Ȼˣ˵档
˵Ƴ̫һۣһûԪvۣ¾ڵͷ
ֶ̫ӵһ˵ˣ֪ͬӲԸԷʱ
ҲȷΪ˶̫ӵλȹ̶ĶϵֶӰĽŮͷȻֶӣȻ澡ֲ
û뵽ֶӾȻƫִͨҲҪ¾ڣѪǧͬҲҪԼĶ
̫ѹǣֶӿԵ¾ڣϾˣ·ƶĸǣΪ顣
̫ȷᣬΪֶ̲ӷµĶ񣬶ԼֶĮġ
ǲǿֶӷŮʱֶӾͺˣΪΣ
ûǿӸ棬ֶǲǾͲ·Ҳǧ˵İװ׾
ֱ誱ߣ̫û˵һ仰
ĸȻǬ幬
ԪvۼĸɫԣҲûм˵ʲôǰסĸֱۡ
׼̧Ԫvûãų¾ڸĸĲԱߡ
ڳ誣ȴĴ˾˵ĸģĸһʼԳ¾ڵļƻԪvۻ᲻ĸ˽ģĸ˽ԪvԽĸ󣬴ʱҲԽ
̫һ·޻
صǬ幬̫ɫûôѿˣȶӿڣֱԵͨǴ޿ˡǱߣϽн飬֤Ϊ񣬾Ͽҵϣֻһˣ˰˾λΪˣϼҰɡ
Ԫvۿеĸγԣž˾޹أһλҲ½ˡ
̫ҡҡͷ̫ˣͰ˵İ죬ƫ̻ĸݣԺڷײΪ񣿡
Ԫv۴
¾ڹվһԡ
̫󿴹޷ʱŽĸӣҲͣҰѻ޸㣬Ϊʶ㸸׵ĲŸɣʱգȷ㱾Ҳȫϻ
¾ڹ£ͷޣʱӣŸױʫ飬Ҳûλֳľ֮磬һȭŹȭȭ֮İˡ£課ţǶԺκβֻǽǰǧԩ誶ԳУҲմܻһⱲӶѰ
̫󣺡մ뻪ңǲҲ𣿡
¾æߵ
̫Цɣû˼ֻǽ㲻ضǣеһ˶޹أҲ޹ء
ԪvۣĸԼǣõ˶ˣΪ޷ԸҪӺõˣЩľˣҪɱаĽʿӵԣʡ㣬ǵ£ֻ˵ǸݴСˣճһƤҰˡ
̫ͷȷʵֶЩֶ䵽յأվԼѡ
˰Ҳٹܣֻ뽻һ¡
¾ڡԪvͬʱ̫
̫󣺡ıĶֻ˵ǺķͷҪǣҪ֪һֱ
¾ϵҲôģƣţǼ⣬ǰʿǵԼͷϡ
Ԫv۵ŭˣθɣѵԸⱻ˵ǣ
¾ڣȻᣬ©佫ɺջˮ
ԪvҧǷģһѶݼʱ˭ᵽ֣
ĸ󣬽漸ʻȥˡ
ֻ̫ûԳ¾ڵˣȻȥɣܻڵš
¾ˡ
ΧûˣԪv۹̫ߣʣĸ᲻ޣ
̫ӵͷٸŽȥɬӣ͸ֱˣҼ飬ΪĸǽСڳˡֻΪʧȥһΪܺõֶѹΪ˾ˡĸʮۡ
Ԫvסĸ֣ﲻۣТ˳Ҫֶӡ
̫ᣬ㱻ӾΥһ
.

ȷʵš
Ѿǳ¾ڵڶҹȥˡ
һƬڣڰηںڰв£ûһΣգ
Ǹҹһֱȵĳ¾ڻ˯ģȻȡ
Ҫˣϴγ¾ڻûô
ڴϷ˸
ڣ洫űƿ漴һŲ
ӿ죬֪д̿ʹʱԿƵؽš
ҡ¾һңȿ֤ݡ
һưɡһʱ˯ˡ
¾ڵ˵ơ
ûлΪ滻ɫѣû뵽Ȼɫָʹٷ
¾ڼԼѣ룬Ȳ
ˣ
¾ڵͷ
ˣɡ
˵꣬ȥ
¾ЦЦôãȪҲһݹˣ֣ǹ̬ƫͰǻơ
ϸϸһ飬¾ڻɾ£ϡ
ûüʲôζ
Źֹζǳİ
¾ӣ͵ͩͰɣҽթȥˣʵұ׼һѻͩͶúˡ
һµ
ɱˣ¾Ҫ¾Ȼɱˣ
ɱˣҲܷɱ
߾䵽ϡ
¾ڽ˱§û£ҲûзŻ˶ˡ
üͷô£
¾ڿӱʾӮ誽ٽȥףǴھԲѷɽͨУͼ赶ɱˡ
誶Ķֻ誼
֤Ҳ׿ڳˣҲװףѾȥ

¾ԴʼҲ죬ΨƵģʹûʲôɻֵõ֤
Ҫǣ׿ڳˣ
ԣϱ¾ڵģСʶױ誣
ֻΪһԣ誾Ȼݶˣ
ôڳ¾ڵĻ́ؾʱȥ¼ҵ䣬ȥǰȰڰ
ֺۣ誣ǰĳ¾ڣҲϱǸҲزĳ¼ɡ
¾ڵںܿͱˮʪˣô壬ûҪͣ˼
¾εأǡ
һ죬죡
ԲΨУôᣡ
ˣؿڣޡ
¾ڣ
ºܿʪһ룬˿˿һ㶼
¾ڹ¡
ʵ˶š

¾ҪſͷϿޣðϴͷȥͩζ

¾ʪˣ鶼ȥˣĸҲûб㵽ֵÿޡ
Ȼڣܵ
§סĲӣһֿ


183 
ʱʱ, ڳ¾ڵĻ˯ˡ
Ľëʪţͷų¾ڽʵֱۣ°ڡ
ƽʱô, ȴͷմȾͩζҲûжٽæӡ
ҵĵƻ, ¾ĬĬؿŻˡ
ݺûΣգȥˣģȴڿ޵ôġ
¾Ͳµ, ϲһЩ, ǰԤ֪һЩ顣
, Ԥ֪, Ӧɽ
һĻŻ᲻, Żǳʱĺ¡
һǧ, һ, ȲΪЩᡣ
¾ڲϲ绨ѩһףҲûҪһСӡ
ϲ׵ĻʼС, ϲɱ, ϲֵޱָԸЩ¡
ԸΪ飬˴ױɣǷҪ˵
.
ʱ, Ѿ
¾ڲ, ŵͩζ, ȴǸɾʵ, Ҳһס
¶ʮ, гᣬܵٹ鳹ͨһ
£˾˾ĸĸ֪٣
鸴ӣԵ㷹ͽȥˡ
Ǭ幬ŵ֪ĸȻȥ˴
ܵܽ󣬴Ҳһ£ֻҪйǽĸõȥϾסˡ
ȥ˴
̫Ŵ糯ãջһɫЩ㲣֤û˯á
ˣ
̫ٴůϣŮ֡
ǹ¡
סĸ֣˵ˣǲǺѹ
̫󣺡Ҫĸ˾ˣǶʵˣһӱֵַģȴۡ
˶Ǹͺ̫ҲһֱͺҪԼԼߵˣͬˡ
Ϊʮ꣬ĸסֳؼֶ˫ȫܸһ⣬뵽˼Ļ
ĬƬ̣ʣܵ׼ôô£
̫⣺һҼͨѹĴһͨУﲻ֪飬٣λΪҲлˡ
ж֣һµѡʺϵ̷һơ߰ģͷǳնٶ
䡣ֻ̣￴û뵽ߵĵһʵӣȻԼױ硣
ֻΪȴͬ誡
ϱӺ˳¾뼸ǧཫʿⱲԩµĽǰǧɣҲ̡֮
ʹΣȥĽʿǶˣǱǧѪ˿ڣҲҲ޷ϡ
Ρ
ƽƽŽָʹصѶ
ǲΪʳ¾ڳͷĴģ誱̫Ԫv۶뽫ժȥ
誶˶٣ǡ
ȷʵҲ뻪޹أʼʲô֪⣬Ҳġ
ȢΪޣԹ˹ĸƿȨĸĸΪµĻ£һֱһ
޷Իǿȡᣬ޷ȻĸֻܶԻ֡
¾ҲãҲã˭Ȣ˻˭õ޷õģΪж
ǵҪڹĸȨ֮¡
ʵʵصʣй¶ԻҰģݼ˵³ͿԺһ㡣
עһֺαۼˡ
ֻǻһ˿Ҫˣ᲻ֻΪǰܿһۣǺõġ
һֱڵȡ
ȵĸĸʹᣬһδҹĻɫ˽ȥ̣ϵһһΨûȵǸˡ
.
ͬ誣ǱϾСʶı磬µ֮ĸһǨݼϼңⱲӶˣôʲô¶ûзһκӰ죿
¾٣ȥ븣סա
ģװѾµӣȽг¾ȥˡ
ֻǳ¾һߣֱѻ
ҲǴӳ¾ڿ֪ԭ¶ʮǳᣬĸҲȥˣٹٵＺگΪݼûֶ̺ܽǧʿԩսȻＺĸٴܵɵܵشԣٹʳ¡
ĸѹ˹ĸ󼸺ûκȱ㣬ƫƫһ۵㣡
󳤹
Ѱ԰һƬл˴¼ԼԼҳ޾ɵſڳϡ
һۣɡ
ͷȿٿһ飬ģ°ִ󳤹ЦŵֶŮĸ֪ģϷһϷɣĸѾ˲㡣
⹫ʱŭҪ峤ĵʱ⹫Ҳǻˣ

ơ¶ЦˣǴ󳤹ˡ
ֵֻոȾټϲ빼ĸһ⣬ͳˡ
ִ󳤹һС̫ſڵֶŮһС̫ͷһˮȥ
ûж룬ֱԶԶˮһƬɴž³ĸһȹڰɴӣң·ϵŮɡ
ϱӵĳЩӿԺʱ⡣
ִ󳤹ȴЦܳץסֶŮˮˣΪҪߣ
ҲеƣĺϷûʼأѵֶŮδ֪
ĸ˰ɴ̴޺ϡ
ִ󳤹֣̻¶ϰľ׳ˡ
ֺϷûȤɵʱҲùĸЦ
ԣô󷽴ĵؿʼС
׳ʵ࣬ű˵ףŷûסϱӹĸŵȻҲ޷ȷǰǲ֮ǰˡ
ôɫǲǰЩ¶ˣִ󳤹ֶŮЦŵ٩
Ҳܱɫĸ۹ԽԽˡ
ִ󳤹Ҳ㱻ɵˣɻ˵ٿ㶼˿ˣûأ
ӲӣʱŻ˵ҲûôԼ
ֻϱֻڹĸߣİ¾ڣ񣬳¾ڻúõģʲôʱ򿴾ʲôʱ򿴡
ĬƬ̣ЦЦⱲӶ塣
ִ󳤹
ŵסֶŮļ򣬻ֶŮǼ𣿸òᱻĸָ˰ɣ
ֶŮųģ˺峤ģʱ϶ͬ˵𻰣
ֻһƹĸҿϷ
.
¾ڴˣֻڴߣŸӣԱ߰һƳĽС
ע⵽ˣĸġ
¾ڣôͻȻ뵽Ҷ
ĸԭֶŮֶŮЩΣʶһݱ
Ȼܸ߳¾ڣֻҲңֻġ
¾ˣ鲻ã󳤹ô۰ЩֶŮġ
¾ߣ򿪽У澹Ȼһذס
ƿһЩ롣
¾һȡذһЦһ㣿
˺ߣֱŵģ˭ܷġ
¾ڱҲ˿һЩӵаγذףûü鵶Ƿﾹһ۵ֽ
㶡
¾ɫӣʲô󳤹ֲģɱ鷳
Ѿֽչſһˢúˣ
¾һźذӵһԣڳͼ˺ֽǰֽ
˹¾ڱһ§ãһֽԶ˿
ֽдţֶŮ̲ģЩķӶãұ㰲ʡ˶Ϊʾӵֻ֮еԲ㣬һıذͱֹĸ˰ɡ
¾ڣ
ʡ˶£֮
ֽֽ߬һţͷѾĳ
ģ֪ĸǱײĺ£
¾ƤЦⲻЦаֲ鲻ԭ͵ȡ
ֻǿ˼ۣٺұš
¾ڣ˼ۣˣǲǺÿ㿴ˣҪȥˣ
۾Ҳͣ
¾ۡĵ£ٰӿĳ˰ԼţɣҪǾﲻÿҸĻɣ

¾޷ǿȳ۾ֻýţҧгݣ㲻ģҶû㣬㵹ãȥ黨ǲݣ
졣
¾߬ѹϣûãֻ˵˵ԼҲ˵Ļ
.


184 
һ, ĹԱֿʼæµʼһһȵܽᡣ
սûʱ, ҲӵܵõϢΪ׹һ̯Ķ, ӯҲа˰
⻹ֻǵһ꣬Ժˣ궼ǧ˰Ľˣ͢ǿ֣Ӽӹ̱߷ƻ, γܹ̩񰲣
Ԫvڽǰֵһ, β۽üҵЦ, βǹ緢
Ϊ˳, ҲΪĵܵο
ϱӵܵ˳¼ȫ壬ڷ, ĸ빫ƿ, ɵܵܲûж, ʼһһɬû, һ¼ҹ˵
ƶ, ʱܵ¼ܾˣ˵ֻЩ̰ǿ
꣬ǲֻҪˣ
ֹ, ˵, Ҫ̼, ſ, , ҲҪ񵱳ֱ׶ˡ
ȵô£ǿеæˡ
Ԫv۲Ϊ⣺æǻʵ۵ľ͸˹
Цӯӯؿŵܵܡ
ԪvĪȣң
ҿİǸ̫ӵܵĳˣܸɽҲֵ³
ʮʵ۾ͱƨĺ˵Щ״ˣ⣬ⱾҸģУλ߽ؾ꣬⼸ղ඼Ҫˡ
ϸش󽫾һֻ࣬ǲֻ׼һݺ񣿡
ԪvЦ˭ϡĺֻ࣬ǶයŪһĸ͹ĪҪɥ־ЩҸڴǱߵĻ½չ
Ц
ҲˣҲԼϲãҲæѰЩӣܵϲҲãܱŮɫǿ
û֪յܵ˸߲ҵ˵ش󽫾˺࣬ʱһӾˡ
ãǺ࣬Ǻ
.
³ʮա
峿¸á
һϴ˴Աߵͷӣɸ˵СҪؼҳԷҪ㣬˵ǲǳʲô£
͢¿϶УֻǺҲûãٹһʱȻ֪
Ϻ˺ߣＸؼģҲˣǲǳˣ
͢ӣǻϲ˵²඼ȥˣָʲô
ɳ͢Ҳ޷ųֿܡ
ɡ
ôһ룬͢Ҳûƿ
ȻţЦ˷纮첻첻ˣҪո̾һΪµԽԽˡ
͢£ƫͷͼЦ䣬ʱһģһر׷ЦҲܻԼӡ
͢æµΪ֣ɹԽϵĵԽأֻ
ֻӡ
ϾͼɷԼһͻȻһ¡
ϣ
͢Ц
ϻعһѣеϲ
ǰ˴һԹ緹ȥѧüﱲǵĹˣһϱ׼ӭӳ
׽׽ڳǰȻʧ
ʱĳͣ˳¸ǰ
¼Ѿˡ
˺ЦĿУҪʦӭӵԼӡС塢³
ûʲôϡ棬ɳ֣͢ĵĿɨʱЦ⡣
̫ˣﲢȫףǰ˺󣬶Ӷʼնǲ̬ôᳯЦ
ڴʱҲ̽
㡣¾ڰںòȽŵʣȷס
Ҳ˵ģ˳촽΢򣬳¼Ȼûʲôԡ
˫񣬾Ҫˡ
¾ִյߣڻ̧żʱһַסۣһסļ򣺡㡣
ǻΪīߺƤҲһЩǱ¾㡱Ū
ϡ㡢ࣺ
͢
Ǹװûףô
Ѿ̸ۼ޵ͣٶһЩˣټǻҲˣֵԣ˱ֻ͵͵Ц
ŵãҪüż
¾Ӳһֱڻߣһδεš
ܲˣôֵֹģֲǲ·Ҫѡ
¾ڣ㶮ƨ
۾бĸס
ЦǶ˳ɲɣûϢ
˵꣬ϳӣԼסϱ
㞋
У͢ĴˣҲ˵ܵǣĸ
һľ̸֮
ɢϯ󣬳¾á
ϴɵβ׼ЪΣ¾߹ߴͦεһֱֱվڴߣζضų
²ûʲôһۣٳš
¾Ц֪ʲô𣿡
֪ҲûȤ
¾ڣҸҪˣĶҹҲŴ˯ġ

¾ӵͷǻ뵽ҳ¾ڻܵȵա
ɣ
¾Ҳ֪ʲô˻ʵʵԱߣ˫ֵԺ󣬶ŴżһֻԼ׵ĵЦ
ЩЦȴ޷Ž⣬յ÷ִһ¡
¾ڣЦˣ
УȥţҶ
¾ڣ
ҧ䣺һԵ
¾Ѹ´ĵȥˡ
.
˼գϱһһ׷ĴѩֻΣû˴߽Ҳûгݹðѩ͡
һڳ¾ڵĻ˯̤̤ʵʵ
ҲûٲԴֻǿʼһ·ӦҺòء
ʮˣ㡢Ҫ뿪ˣһȥͶТڣһȥ㶫²Բ
վʹų¾ס˳¸ѩˡ
¾ڣʹɩɩžˣ͵⡣
ҾҪ͵⡣
ƫҪ£ܷԣ
˵ĸȰҲã㡢һ߱жһȰҲá
󣬳¾Ŵһس˳š
ͣ£ηֱʱҲˡ
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֪ǲ
¾ڵ٩ӳ𣺡ɩɩ᲻óȥˣ
㡢ࣺ
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¾ڣ
ҲվŰ
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硢ˡ
¾ڣ
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л˵
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4˫or˹δ˷⣬û뵽ѡȡĸǶȣheŮorڿΪ
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