ξ
ߣŮͻ
İ
˾εŮø˼ûɸɹ¡
˶ķ˹ӣͼȴݺݴ
ֻأ˾ԼһٵķݣֻΪı빫һԵ
ֻ֪˲þĶȴһе
Ͷ̥ǰʮ꣬ʧȥмɻǡΪʲôö˶˵׶СС;ĹһҪȥ޵ɣ
ֻ߹һһ⣬ǰ䵭һſֳϤЦ⣬һ
Ϊʲôһ˼ֻҪ޵ɣ
شɻֻΪʲôʮΣ
Щίֲ֪ԭҲɡ
Էȴһ˿⡣
̾Ϊֻɡ
ҵһС
顣
뷲СŮX
ݱǩ ж?֮??ʷʫ
ؼ֣ǣãƹ  ǣءȺмα󱬺ˡ  ԤաΪ
һ仰飺ҵһ
⣺


һ


1 
ͷⶾ˱ƵϵĲ
˼籦ĽС㲻ԸǿѰһߴͩµ֮ȴǰչֱֱţļɹ˼ֺҲ޶ԡ
һԵķ̵СѾͷӳһϲԲʱ˺飬С첻ͣȰԼҹ
Ҫǻݰɣ˸˱ء
ԭصƬִͷƳһԼҵСŮ㲻
ûɵҡͷԡ
ǳͷãԼȥȥ
һƯױɹҲȴһӷҴܡ
ŲҪ飬Ӷǹ˾Żīζ
ŲŲɹ˿ô졣СѾͷۼﲻȰּΡ
˫ĿſյŰשߵԺǽ֪뵽ʲôЦһ
Ȳ
¶˵Ҳ֣֮ƽ˶£Ƣôˡ
򻹵ǰ˵˵
ǹ˼ҶŮظƵĽļϡʮǵسǣʲô˳¡
Ļ¡
˼ҷܼͬҷЦƵԼǽһһŮ׽ɶŮ׼ңҲνסȻ˷̥кܷ˺׻źӣǧȴҲǸޣұˣ˭֪û꣬˼ŮˣҲá
ҸŴ󻧣ŵԣֵԵ׼ңοСѩɰִ硣
ҪźǴС飬˭֪ܼСүʵǵ磬˵ʹˣ޻͵ͣ徭ڳ£ҪԶȥɽŰʦǱ޵·ӡ
ʵǴһֲ
֮ʲôҲ˵ʲôаܼҾôһ磬ȻԸȥʵһ˵ֵͦ졣
ܺСүԸԳˣ˶Ż˵ǲӸĸŵףȢ˼ҵĹ
ܹʱСúܣȻֵ޹⣬ȴҲû˶棻ֻ۳Źõʻ䣬׮ֱһЩ֮Ц̸˼޷ܹӲԸͬףˡ
⻰ֵഺ껪޶˼аܼСӱԼʵգɱĸǰ˵ҲҪɽȥԷǸʲôɫ˸߰
ʵƽǸ˳ŮӣóͷۣȻмֻþɰŴ飬ۡ˷ȻڿùүüͷֱǺ̵ֱģѵһ٣طųӡ
ڲ
ǶܹӱʲôĺԷǸܶǫάܵõĹɺӡֻܱ𣬼һЩǨŭ˵ζصȼ棬ȷӦѼɹֵĸǰˡ
ŽԼú룬ܹ治֪Ǹʲôùǵ˷Լ˽ȥ
ͽⷬﻰ߶˳˳һ룬̧ۼͷûаȥƣŷɹûţȲûҪѽ
ӣһòغһȫ˳ȥˣȰԼټƽˣվֱȥȴǷ׷ҶȴƮƮţ뺣
ʶͷһ˷Ժǽµ̬ȵƽأνƮݡ
˼Ժǽ޵øߴԼÿÿǱģĿ˿ͣʶһ䡰֡
һǳɫմȾ˱ĳȴǲɫ˵üĿʣɡ͵˼Ժǽȴްɫһеö̹Ȼģ
һֲ֮Ķ˰ģҲʧȻ
תĿ˵˲䣬ȴֶԷƺһ˲㶡
㶲һ˲֮䣬ַ·Խֻصĺ
ֻκ뷨˾ֻףƬ̵ʧ񱻲ؽ
ƿĿ⣬һҾҡ
ð
˵ϲŭѩɽµıȪϺõİ죬ڶܽͷȵȴ롣
ܡ˰Σüͷһ£һ䣬ʲôù
ƺڴݼζ󼸸ֵζ͵һ˿ЦԵòôǧ֮⡣ֻ⸱˼ֵû̬ơ
Сﻰ˼Ǹ˵ıδܼҵǸƹûأԼ͵ǰ
ƫƫ
ٶҪһ
ʱȴһʲô飿ú׽һȴñȥ˻ҪЦʲô
ΣЩͷתŬɤڣҲ֪Ҳ˵ܹӣ﷭˼Ժǽʲô
һЩ˼ҵĳϸϸüɫﲻСӶʤռϷĵ⡣
ƹɫδ䣬˼δţмֳ費ĳȡϳ׵ͬ˵Ľȴֻİ̾Ƥ
ڣ졣
ƹ֮иͷ⼱ţ˭֪˱Ÿ²ߣﺣ

ˣյͷۣѱŲ֮ˡĪЩ飬չɹĺαͻδȥ˿̵ߺֻګګӦˡ
ۼľľվǶһʱûӦ˵ЩʲôƹҲżϾؿ̬ʵ䡣
仹Щʱλε̫´𾢶غ濾ԺŵˡҲǽЩͻȻñͷɹĿƣҲ͡
ӼǣԲǹӵǷˣߴ˵طӲȥүɣ
治ĺӡ
ڵбõˮ޲ܸϽⲻ֮ͣȻȥ
գգۣƤȴͻȻصòУ߲ƹáһֱԡʧȥʶ֮ǰֳһţ˵ıδģУޣƤҿģʵϻ治ʲôˣƫƫȴûжֲϲ
ϱ
ΣĺΣˣ͵ԵȻ˯һɡ
Ԥеĵûг֣һųϢĻεòǻӾһͳʧȥʶ
лҪ˵
Ⱥмα󱬺ˡУȤĶСʹղѽ~OWOİ
ǳС˵ﱻӲԵڻŮ䣬վ飬ԵҪ׷ԭۣΪŮĸ
󶨵ŮϵͳҪʧȥģ壬ȥԭŮ˰ɣ
ǳһʺţ
⻷ˣԣɵ
ǳ𼱣У
*
Ŀһǳ˵Ŀ⡣
ϵͳpuaԭŮˡ
ǳ̬ǣ絶ԭˣ˵ùһӡ
ԭڴԭŮΪ
ǳõģʹԭŮһ㡣
ԭƲֺ
ǳллԱŮУǲ
ܻԭʼˮĨڣĿ
ǳһˮʹСƢദ
ĿŮαǳάλ˧Χת
ǳΪļαŶˮͷǮ裿
һߺҪɰһ˳̵Ŀԭʬ
ĿͯԺĿ֮ʣˮҥѧʱˣ
˷ԭǳǸԺˣСǶ
ĵĿڼͬͬһԢͣ
ת۵ϽĿΪǳcallʵǳ׸磬п

ԹѻȻ˵ĵģԭп
Թѣˬսʵ
ԭԴδֲãԼű¶˺ĹĻһ
ǳҪõļαǣң˵ǳǵĹˡ
ȺȺУͿɰŮǳȫɳΪ۵Ӯҡ
*
ôѹݡǰΡ˧֮ҡһǰΣ
ǳģȷٿ
֮ǲԻͷݵĿţ
ǰθʲôģʲôϵ
۵Լ𲽽εļ䡭
ǳԲ㡣
ʲô˭񣿣
ָϣ
1.ԭŮԭ
2.
3.֮ԺʿxƯԴСŮ


2 
ʢ˱յϢ
ÿʣ
ƤӣҪǰŵӡСѾͷæסЩΡΡҵһ衣
øոպãһڽӺȼ˵ףӦԼŶʲô
ӹǲС˾вסҲʱϴţûε
ǡǡ
ýڲ豭ﲻԸ̧ͷԼϴԡֻҪװ֪ûֻҪҲΣεľǱˡ
ܺãˡ
÷̧ͷϹŵЦݣӾĺĺ
ˣоðɣܹۼֿ죬ӵʱûӦǰһͽס
ã
˵ûͣʣȻεˤڵϣҲ֪᲻ˤʲôëǣ̫ˡ
ͷֿʼۡǰôûôأ
˵ֻĿͶӣͰ͵еԹ˼ֺڽ͡
Ӿ׹һ˾סһӵĻһ̵ˡ
ôΣױ﷭Ƭ̣һöƴͭص˷ƣǾ
öʹױһӦλ֮Եúǲͬ׾Ͱ档
ҲӵӵһѾͬͣ˵Ȼĸ⾵ϣһλϵĺ񣬲֪ر˷ץܵİϣһץסٲ֡
ֻ֪öӵ֮û˵ʱȥ治׵ͶӰֻһƬɡ
ͺ˳һƬ󣬱ķڲûͷֻʣ¼ž
͵غϾӣ΢΢Ϣ
⾵ӲͬѰҲµģȻʹƽľЧãõ
Щ˵ġ˵˲䱻ֻһƬɡ
εôˣ˭ûְģùҲֻʱ˲ðˡ
ƹ¶ܴȵģŲƽϡգգ۾룬˭˲һ᲻ĺòء
ʰһǳ΢Цýӷת˹ֻһۣδ΢Цͱ׻顣
ӿһӰ۵ʵӰ죬˵İǰſ޹ġ֡
˹ˡ⾵ǹŹ֣
Ӷϣͬһֵɽ
æݣôˣ
һ˲ĻңȥӣѾָƽ
ؽӦ˹ȥСѾͷ²裬ϾͿʼ߶ȻΪܹӳЩ
˵СȥõɫûдʹŸҼ˵
ӵӾýǵ̬úܣҲ洫Ϊ˶ź͹¡
ȰԼҹΪ˴ıٷˡ
һûһñǿűû˿ﵹǸò
üĿһ˫۾ȴƵģȪ·һ۾ĵסǵĶͣʦ㾫ϸƷҲ˰ա
΢΢ЩСѾͷĻǣ˵Ҳûôᡣ
ӶǣһӵĻȫסˣýյĹ֡
Ѿ߽ͬ
ٴöСӡӹɵصӰòƴü乴ճ˳ζǳǳһЦǳǳСС
ϸ׵ָž档
ǺùŹ֡
Ӵ˿ȴ˲ýյķһΪѵؿ˿ڣ

ӣܹҪ
ӣ𷽲žӵĹŹƹʶ㣬ܽһݣﻹδͷ
ӾԼЩ͸ԼС뷨Сúܡ
Ҫǲȥ
ûعЩɻ󣺡ҪѽΪʲô
Ӳ´˼ȴҲŤ󣬼Լҹһ뿪˵ƽģ׷һĸװģϲصȥ˽ˡ
Ѿһһ˲ˮģϤ£ֻλ̸
Ѿͬˣͬһȥɽƹ⣬ôǷҪŹ־ӵľлع

һ¶ʮʮĴ㶣ʵмֿɰ
ƹָ˵ִЦѹȥĿƿһ㲻Ǻȥɽſ𣿡ָָ⼸ڸֳĶ
ʱ֪ν͡
ʱҪȥλһ޵ϵƹܹӡҲˣҲˣ˵ûǷִ
ȴͻȻ֪ξܾתһ룬ԼǹŹ־ӵ¶ҪأȻ˼֡
ǺܻοԼ
áǱ˵ܹˡ
ʰһʵЦһһǳǳ΢΢ȥ
ƹĿƺͣϣԶԶʧ˽ࡣ
·;ңԶһ·̫ƽŽ˼أϼ䶣ʱ䣬ȽһķţտʼÿϽ̵һأɺã
ùɵؿ΢΢ǰ㣬ϵطʣҵûʲô⡣ŵط̸𣿡
ƹȴͻȻЦЦĿʧ˽࣬ѵôЩᣬͺڻʲô
Ȼǡҽһס֮ء
òȴҲЦЦӦáԾǾӵ¶úʱͬ˵Ҫôͬ˵
ֱƹͬԶͣûоȻ
ǾʵǹŹֵýҪƹĻ֪һ
ǡϸڣƹǰݰ
ܸܲڤ˼ľͻȻӰԺζɣ
㹻ð
ֿʼһûһؽɱߵ
ľΪѰԴͷһֱ˵ҹҲͻξʱ򣬶߻·Ŵײ죬û
ξ￴һӰȴ޷׽һ̤ȥߵӶԶȥڼž
һļž
оԼʲô仯ȴ޴ӵ֪ʱȥܶξ½룬ǧȴһ壬Щˮ·̬֮ԼȻ˿ȴʱϡʱճҲţ̽ãȻġãȻǣ꣬ʶʲô

ˣΡ
ٿȻƵͬŴǧĳ˯һ㣬һӿȪ۵Ȫʶķһͱξ֮⡣
Σ໹ʹͣ
һﾹȻܷô£룬ƽʱҲûʲôͬˡѲɻҪƹǵù
ڶգƹ˹˸ӭľǶȦá
ƹǱ˴ˣ
ûӦССشһǷû۵Ӹٶۡţƹǲ̵ƿĿ⣬ްˣұȽ̵ǿ壬㽫Լ𣬴ȥ
գգۣһƬھŵԼ࣬ڷӦ˼
ã
Ȼû˯ѣӦ˰ģǲɱŭˡ
Ҵɣ
Ǻǡ컹ԼвףʲôǾԼԼʲôĸ顣
ҪջĻƹᣬ˵
ˣҪû죬ôһƤң䵭˵㣬ҲϲģֻҪ˵仰῿⸱ƤҲȲ˵ĳ̶ȣ
ֱӡ
ƹȴʶԼЩ¶
һǳԼϤףѲЩϱӵ
ֻҲʱûŪö˶һλŮΪλڷ磬ͬ죻ȴԼûϴˣǰ˴ģ̬ӣеĹＸ޶
ƭС۸˼ֻҪϲηı仯һ۶Щʲô⵹ͬǸûʲôֱ
ƹȴɫǸ΢΢ЩĶ˷ģʼͬҪڵݡ
С˼ԵУ֪׽֮⣻ȻԵã·˱ˡ


3 
꣬ӵùͷĺ濾
ƫƫ֮سʪúܣ˾Ǳ
űָƵı׼ͷ΢΢죬ҡҡ׹Ŀ΢΢תܿͩһƬʵİס
ƹջ£·飬ò⣬м̬
ðҧͲֻȥ𣿡
ƹ¡ԲŽ
ӦϽҪȣҴҴˡӹǺõúܣǾǸ⣡
ƹһҳ飬̧ͷһۣԲţܵءšһ
ãģ
ƹ۶̧ˡ
ôβûޣֻܰ̾Сʱˣ˭֪Ҫ⡣
ϧ֮ģʱ֣ƾͺѹۼű꽫
ÿӻû£̽ͷ⿴˲伤ˣﱻɹߵľҲ˼֡
۾Ź⣺Ҫˣ
ƹ
ԥһ˲ֿʳָָؽţҲû͵
ɣĿðԹŲŵˡ
ѾʼӣûһµӡƹĻѧɡ
þ϶Ǹĺݵˡ
ϣ鲻ԸʵʵѰ˿طҪ˭֪ƹݹһ飬ʾ򿪡
գգۣ׹
ˣԲסǶԲסϲ
ƹѲҪĵطҶעˣв׵ľܿҡ
ýӹǱһ飬ԹԵڰǰ£ʶʲô
лգգۣõǰΪʦ𣿡
ƺǿĲԸƹɫɨһ˲㡣
þ;ôһ˲˵ҪΪʦʵ˲ӦϾȻ˼꣬ͬˣʧЩ֮⣻ο֮仹˵¾ֻ˶δŤ̬֮Լһʱ硣
ҪȻЩǾ˰ɡ۾ģŵϾ̵ҾͻǽһʦΣ
˵ˣ㡣
þؽһ
ãϣʦ
Щײࡣ磬ҲԽֻصңԶ
ЩȻѵʧƬ̵Ȼɵ䵭ãȻȡԴɻĴ
ƹعЩʧЦ⣬޿޲ɵصͷ
ıÿ죬ȥҲ죬ʱͳͣˡúƹȴһڣ飬裬ɻ
ƹزȻǸԾѵģվͳ׿˽ȥԼҡСԴĥʲôһʱûп
ڴǰĿ˳ŵ񻨵ĴȥܿԺǽǽؽɫյĲˣһڣȴδ
ֻǰδеġɿ졣
ô̧ͷͿƹڴǷ׷ƽ˼䣬Щͳζþĳӡ󣬿ǸǫĹӣʵʲŲİ⣬ദ֪Ҳʱǲ˵ġ˿ķâһòͣм˳ζ˲׽
û
ƹȴԼѹƼ㶶Լ˿ڣô
Щ͵ɫץ
ûʲôҲ⣬ƻʱˡ
ƹš
գգۣҲͣˡ
ƹǲ⣬üͷš
ʱҲѽðڳһЩȻ飬ʣѵҪ÷
˭֪ƹ˼״ĩ˾ȻӦһá
üҪۡûô߸ˣ
ں˷ҲֻԼƵسԡţƹǴԼӡһʼ룬˭֪Ųһ죬ĪЩˣ׶׽֮Уʱ׽͸Խӽ
ֱٿͷѱ˶˲ˣŻع
ƹƵؼһӲˣ΢΢쳤֣ŵǰ
ɻؿˣ˵ҲرĿ⣬˫ӡ
˫۾żҲ¶Ŀ⣬˿Ī
Ѷһˡ
һΪѵصͷãĲˣ̧ͷƹִֹǽڷһ⣬
æֹ𡪡ԼԣҼˡ
ƹ˶٣ͷһɫضԼ룬ѵĵؽһ
Ե㡣
ϣĿͣƬ̣ڻ룺ƮƮģֲӹɹɹ̫Ҳε
ãôʲôܳѿͷ
Ҳڡ˻͡ᡱ֮䷴һ졣ֱ֪øЦˡ
ùţһȲ裬
һҲû̫飬ȴóʵúܣͺƹദĹǸȥĵطԼദȻ˶м仹һβϲεĻԼ
ʱƹǰ˸ĸڸʰһԺ䣬סͷ
ͷۡ
˵ܹʲô˼ѽĵȻͬ뵽һʱͬԣȴǻϽͣòϲ˰ɣ
üһ
ôܡ
գ˴磬ȥĸԺ밲ڰ·ϣ˾һ˵ŰԣǰԵǲǱˣˡ
군ˡ룬ķԷҪˡ
ľͲðҲʧ˼ӣѾͨҪ
Ȼһ˫ĸ׵ĸ磬ҲһڽԼİԡ
ôСסǸˣĶ˷ƽʱϸһˣ˿˵ȴЩ࿴һԸ⣬˵ף̬ǵ˵úܡ
ĸؿȰô˵ҿദõǼΪǢСԼܺϵѵõġ
˷ţƹʲô˼ҪȢ𣿡
ʵֱӣﵹǾһ˲
Ӷһˣε£һƵĻԼԺӡ
ôմûʲôأЩ߷ߣûãŶûãҪȥƹһʡ

ҹȥʱƹѾٺˣʵúܣ˾飬Ų衣
˰Ժӣҹ΢Ⱦʪߣơ
žһɷš
õʱһ롣
硣ԼɤŴŴûʲôƣʡΪʲôҪҼס
ƹ϶ͣͷҲδ̧
̵ֻ͹ͷ۵ˡ
˵˶٣ֵ
ѲɻҪʱƽ׶Щ
ⷬ۵΢㶣֮һ֪ĸϵѾͷС˲ӵһˣǶˡ
˰
Լڵɱʵ϶ӯӯЦҪװµ˳ȥ̧žͱסˡ
ƹյ𣿡

ԼôһӣΪ˶Ҫͬףǻ֮
Ҳͬװģˣ˻ȥӹϸõĲ裬һˣڣ⹦Ŷûء
ԭֻǱԹһ䣬벩ͬ黻շŹƹԣƬ̣ҪͷߣЩơ
ƺƣԷͷҲأȴߣȥ衣
ǼûзӦƹڻعͷ
͵ĹſεףЩԿüۼЩűѰģҪԵºͿЩ
һ˫׵˵⣬͸ЩǳɫʱԼ·Խµֻء
ýĪ뷨ϿګګءŶһ
ƹȴ˶ɫǣס֡
ʲôǣǣСѣǣסֵǸɫҲƽȴ΢Ƥмƹ˵磬ֱֱ鵽ļϡ
䶼ˣԼֻ֪ͷΪݺݵصʼٸһۡ
Լߣ
ɫƣ⸱ռ˸ʮʮ
ƹôһۣɵ۵ȴЩЦ⣬Ե鲻
ȥ۵бζʶĦԼǣġ
׶ԷһǲԼģԼչͻЩ
˼


4 
گкüûˡ
ҵĶĿ٣˵ƹˣƺס˹˼ңЩסѰͷȥá
̾˿ι˿С⽵ﶼƷʲôζȴͻȻƳһҪ¥ߵӰ
۾һĳʳ£̽ͷȥõ֡
ˣɻ˰Σѭ̧ͷƴС϶ʱɷǳƵȹĵֽΡ
һ̧ͬͷĻԵˡһξ룬ҲܸܵĿŵײ̽⡣
һԶԶĽ棬گ׹˿ͬŲ˼
ֻżգδ˵һˣҲ֪Ǵðġ
ó˻֣˵˲¥ģǡگǰɫް
Ƭ̣С˽گڵż䡣
һЦ۾㣺С죬ôôѽ
گЦÿģЩ΢ĲɢЩ
ɲþòáܵͬôкĿȴЩ˫űߵ
ЦʲôþòǰղһͬȥǱĺ
ǺѵÿģȴگĪЩ£űӣɫزگһʱ˵Ҫϡ
ãλǣ
ŷӦ󻹸Ÿءʵǽ˲¥ƹû˵һ仰ˡ
ԴЩ˼ƹʾͬگܣƹ
گһ˲±ˡ
ͬúͶԵӶãҲʶȻ浽һȥֻǺѣ鶼Ը׮֪١
ûƹֻǰһöӡ󲢲ãų֣̬Ⱦת֮죬ûɸеĻš
گţᵽ֡
ƹҵĺѣҵģگ
ƹֻ΢΢ͷ⣬ӱＷһš
üһѰ䵭ӣδϣֻƹǸˣͻȻмֿɰڷϣþ͸չһЩ
ƹɫǺ˼֣ӹҧگϣͻȻ΢΢Цһ¡
گ
ֻǶԷһ΢ɼı飬ôżӵıɽЩ⣿
һٷãû˳Եÿġ
ˣ˸گϰԵҪһõԴȴ˵ס֣Ų๵ǶžȴֺδתͷֱǺ«СעȥǺ«
ƹɫ֣ҲگǱȥˡ
ŵһμ棬گ͸еĴܸСôͻȻˣôף
Ǻ«һƹ
ƹ㶣õߴ½ӹ
ǶڽϹãֱ¶ƣɫŴȥ
ڼ˺üգ׳ŷŷ磬Ϊƹûشߴȥ̿ù˭ֻ֪ĬĬţʲôͽţɵöЩˡ
תͷȥײ͵ԼĿ
ƹĹ⣬Ǻܿĵģȴü
ܿģ
ԼЩӲȷͦĵģӣмһŲͣȴôöû䡣ܺãҪ
Ц¶СЩɣѽ
˭֪ƹת˲ϵǺ«ֱǰߡ
ò֪Լôʹùͷǰһ̻úõģѲ˼ñ˵ĺɫ
һ·׷ƹ˼ҡ
ƹûٺɫֻصյƽ۵ֻŵԼ쿪ˣҪ뷽跨ضġ
Ǿ̫֣ƹ̧ס졣˫۾¶ëСƵģգһգ۾һȣҲ̫ȵĺƹͻȻЩ
΢ɤʸеɫ¶㹻ˣеҲ㹻
ƹͬĵ
ã
ü뿪˵ʶֻԼϣָʾõ
ƹûӦֻЩͳ
˲ûԣһѳ֣
ã˵Լ𣿡
ȻΪĵ˾ˣǻﻰ⼷ͻȻڳ
ƹͫȴ͵һ£ֻƿĿ⡣
ϱûлԴףҲԴζܹΨһ˲һЩӹ˵Կࡣ
£ǲ˵Ϥݣϵ飬۶ʱɫȴǵκ㺡
ǰδŪΪκö˶˵Ůڷ磬ȫȻǸģƫĻȴʶ˿ڡ
ΪԼϲ𣿡
ѹӦ⻰ڼ
ŭˣȻǱȲᣡ
ƹüͷЩ¶
ǷƽﶼţЩñĳζ
һ뵽ձͬƹദúúõģҪ֣ͬ˭֪ͻȻ˦ɫڴϣƻһĺ鲻˵ʼٸ߻ﻰﻰؼ
þ;Щί˳ӣۿҲˡ
øƹ˵䣬Ťͷߣ߰СԴءߡһ
ƹܵӰ𷽲ۿü

õƢÿȥҲ죬ԼԺͬӽ½һરવŽӣЦˡ
ӽûиȥΪµˣĿҪࡣ
ﰡ̽ſڣ᲻ձרܹȥ裬ȴΪ칫Ӷѽ
ӻﻹ˼硰ܹϲ㣬Ǽ칫ӸܣԴˡǡﶨ˵ʲôǵܹѹˣҪ֪һϲһ˵ʱܻࡣòˡ
ðӵĻ˽ȥ˼
ӼȰ˵Ч˿Ҫ衣
ͻȻһ֡
ӣˡ
ֵҷƹˣ䵭ֽ棬ʵǸͦˡնΪȥȴ˴ͬһԷû뵽һ㣻ͬʱҲΪѣȻΪ˶˺ĸܣﲻˡ
ǰеΣ룬Ҳ
ûԼԵɣͬ
ռȷʵпԭͬܰصͷȵˣҲżΪ֮ЩԳζ
תӣҽΪһ仰ͬŭǲеְ
һʱ֪ͬԼҹȻڳ˵Ի·Ǹͬʱ˼ܹӡ
ûڷʡ룬ȷʵָҵʱȻЩȷʵְĺܡ֮Ҫͬദóһʱء
ӣ
ÿɥӣǲӦȥǰҲ붺ĵģҡ
죬ûþ˵㲻ҪӦǡһһһԻȥͬǸġ
˵꣬ͺưοԼС°ͣѰĵģ
ȴ룬Լҹ˳ܹӵ˼ҲãȻܹ֪˹ģֻҪѪ


5 
峿
ϴϣӣһ˾ױǰ
һֻա
ƹûҹҲֵͷڹꡣֻǰԼÿգƹԽ̵һգۼŽյӡ
ױƣһСӾ泯µš
ָȥӱķƣһ顣
ջ֣ˡ
ͬƹദû˼Źֵľֳʲô²ӣɾ˲ˡ
ôƬ̵ĵ滽ܹˡ
ӦãֶžӼʰԼһȥˡ
ƹһǳɫۣ˷óˣһѡ
æסЩһġ
ƹͳæ֮ʣСûʲôԹ֮ɫҲһã˿
ʦվˣ˼֣͹˳Щѽ
С۾ϸĹ⣬ǻڼǳƹǣڷ
ǰĶк¹𣿡
õͷǾĪУǿȥһЩҲʱó¹ʣ񼸺Ե
ƹ⣬еһЩõ˸ӡ֤
ջأص˵ϵǱһε⡣
һƬµҶƵء
澫ʡգգ۾Ӧʲô
ôƯĽҶ
ƹһ
ۼƼһ˲ϸ΢飬ϽֿڲȵûУ˵ѵҪҡ
ϵĽָָϵҶѹ̧
þ;ãӦƹ˼ˡţֻˣ˧ɡ
ƹȴš
ã
ҲڣֻƹСȥǰѶ˵ʵЩصĽ
ƵŲһ磬ڵϻһۡ
ˣЦӯӯؿƹƺ˰ɣ
ƹȴֻʲô
ʾȷ֣ò⣬
ƹ΢üۣķ֣˹ָͷ
ñȤҪüۣһ˲۾
ֻǰžѹ̧Ľ˿Ʈͬƹķֱֱȥһץס
߽½ϡ
Σء˵Ҫʽѧȥǽϵ
ס˼
չȻš
ƹͩ°֣ԼͬԼġϺڰ׶ɫͥ񣬻ã˷롣
ƹƬ̣һӣʱŤת
սվĿʹ·붨

ԺͻȻһûĿŽ΢΢ɿЩǰѽȴͻȻ˳ӦĶһһرֱֱָ̧ǰ
۾ȥ΢⡣
ƹɫѵ¶⡣
þͳ㿴쿴
˵Щй˼ϺúÿŵĽ͡ѵһ˵ء

ûӡ
Ҫ˵㡱ƹٿ͵Ц
ţˡ˶٣úܺá
ûܴۣЦҪװ£СŹ⡣ƹ˹ǣȻϸ΢ȻƬ̡
ʱеһǻѪֵͷȥĽ
ӣ룬ûֱȥ񣬶쿪ƣͼҵէֵĸо
ֻƣ·ͬزĹ
ǰѽͬٻƵ˳ƵĶһȻסٸܲǰѹ
ϲü«ưѧƹģתת˸˸աⷬûʲôԣ̸ϵĽȴ˳˳⣬ɵúܡ
ϲУһҪΣƹߵߣþҲһ
ֱоԴࡣ
ʶ¶һɵЦͷȥƹƺҪһЩ佱
ƹִͷÿ˳ļձߣдϢķƤޱߵһ˿鷢ס֣ζ
¶۾ӳϴҲӳӰ
ƹĿ⣬ջֱ֣ߡ
ϴԷ
ã
ԼϴʱŴˮĵӰƼԼһƬۡ
ýʵǿģͲôͬƹ̧ܣҲ˳úܡ
ҽûɣһӲˣΪСЩƹǰ˳ƾվƹ͡
ƹ˳ǻ
ǾѵӡͻȻ뵽ʲô΢΢üסӵҲɵý˽
ýֻͬƹԣעȫȻϣȻɻ뻹׳һ⡣
Ǻ棬ҲŵԶ顣ЩпʣǳҪЩʲôѽ
ƹſӣģ޷ǻ£䷲ĴȻ컯ޡ
ҲãջҲգ޵;޵֮ˣһ컯ޡ
ƹȴ˵Գ֮ɫ䡣
ɽţյĴ
ųƵǵпܵõĸˣϼѣˣָһԡ
ǸõӡžƬ̣̾˿۹ЩϧĲִ̫ӣ
ⱾѰۡǸ͵ĺӣмдȻĵģֻǵѭ̧ͷɷǵ˼ǷٿȻͷоƽض
·һۿ͸
ˣĲ
ۣѹʱͿҧſӣ΢΢ƫͷ
һ˫Ŀɻʱ۽΢΢γżתһתȫһʱͻᵹӳǸ˵Ӱרע
ƹûɵתЩ뵽ʲôת
ԼҲ˵ЩԶ㵹ƽôú𣿡
Щסˡ
ˣ⶯ԶԼʮļʶԼûаİ£ÿġ񵱳õöСӣ˷֮Ҳ֮ģֻѰ֮ﴦ֮
ƹ˼š
һֱи²⣬ƺһ׮׮һӦ顣
ϲͬͷڵһ¹˿ͻȻƣ
Сѻع˳ҪڣȴٿȻվֻһ仰е£ԼţĪҪҡ
һɫžĮȻúܡ
죬ûü˵ʲôƹת뿪ˡ


6 
е
ƹôˣദúܲѵؿ佱ô˵ͷˡ
ĪҪ
Ǽ֣öʱƵúܡ

ûѣҲӣԼͷԺǽȥɢɢġ
ǽʱ򣬵ҲûдķţȻͷԼƺñӯࡣ
ȻǱȲƹյ̬ҲǱöᡣ
˼ʱࡣ
ϽǺӽڣˮ½УԺǽⲻһߣһ峺Сӡ·عʯţתˮҵһϤСƹݡ
ƹûʲôˣֳͬگٴΣҲͣƹеúܣȻӭȤ
˼ҵСһƹʹеһ۵ĳ࣬ЦȴܴȰ㻹ӣ÷ɡ
þãگλֳȻȴһȣҾƣͨǸЩ͵Ĺ
ѵԼһ˳Ѱӣգգ۾һӡ
ƹģɾͿˡ˵һ̳յӣʱǵд棬˸˿ڣúɣϼСˡ
Ҫ˵Ҳ㲻ʲôҾƣȹ󾢴ô֡
ƹҲСԼǿû˷ִ磬ȰһȰʱˣģЦеӦá
òƾơ
һ˹ɳԣһˮĴڲʻŮѽѽٯ
͸ҡͷԵشӣͷϻһ
һƺܿ¶ǣôʱžЩκġӷ粻󣬴¶ȣһֻ͵طӡۣͿʼֹ
Ҳûѽôö˶ְҡƺֵűӾͽƺһ飬ñµ컹죡
󾢶ˣӺܳٶۡ룬ԼһȾƣ;öӦŸˡ
šüۣأһ䲻һúܺãһ̶ȥˣұ
ûӦ
õ˵ȣ;öӦگԼ˵ʱͼԹţһԸ֮ǰһ༷ңٻͬҶ˵仰
ҪǶˣֻҪ˵Ƿ˾ɵˣôϸҪ
ɵЦ˻治ܿһʱ룬ҵͦگأڲҲ໥Ž֪ѡ
ôҪͬƹúദ˵׼ٹЩʱշء
ƹԶԶһǶ߶һСȵ۾ͨ죬ҡҡͷȥһ˹˸
Եһһ˸ö֡
ԼȻŸˣֱֱüͷֺûС
˵ľƺɷнµصһ£ѱӵݹȥ
ÿڣҲȰگ
ֵƹᣬ㲻Ⱦǲͬվһߣ
һ£ס֡
ˡѹõܻͣˮʹһ㣬һͲگگֻġ
ӦѸ٣شһֻ֣Ȼһۡ
ôôƹأ
˲Ż˵˻Ц
ôˣæ𡣡
˲شվҴȥ
˻ȥ֡һԼƺˣҲòˣȥҲ˳ӵصͷȴ
ҡͷˣڿףЦҺˡ
ƹֻץסӡ
ñ˵ĸ첲쵽ƹͷʵķһЩѣʲô
Уȥ
ƹ
üɫ䣬ͬ͵ҪҪ㶫
Ҫ飬˵㾫񣬳һһǳǰߡ
һ·غӡƹͣҪסԡ
ͷۣͼͣһǰƹЩ죬ƺǰϽ֣ǾһЩ㡣
ԺҪ˺üϻسԹ޹Ʒࡣ
۰Ͱ͵תͷ
ƹǮҲܽӶҡͷԵǰߡֻýӹϰ򵥵лȥ׷
ױܹ˻صϡƹüģ⸱ӣҲ˵ҪԺϢ
˭֪ͻȻվסԺǰˡ
ġ
Ҫ͸
˵žҪȥԺţֹס֡
ҲҪġɫЩίһѶŵĵģȻŷ£תҪߡ
ƹȴһס
ͷ裬վȣƹֻһֻֻס
þ͵Ļ
ʱĻԺ֮䣬СĿռ͸⣬ȴܸشüۡ
ŵɢųζסŵһֻ֣һһ£ֱǡ
;Щԣȥϸ
ѣڵͬҹգҲҹһݣıͦΣ߹񹤣ǡôݡõĿƣͿ촽Ĵߣ͸ŵѪɫմȾһ÷
ʹشȥһ¡
þסֱٿȻӲȻսЩեĿռ䣬ͱЩˡԺСԴȴڻζһ¡
ţû÷ζ
Ҫȥȴϵ֣ס°͡
˭ϣȴЩƣ㿴˭
֡
ס°͵ֿƺŪһʹֻ֡
ƹѽ
ͬպСӵǣҲ׾ƿ̵ķ
ڵóѣȥһ̡
ƹЩҡ
Լ꣬һЩ룬Źκһ顣
֪Լʲô𣿡
޹գգ۾һ˲
ƾȥһЩȴ׳
̽˵Ҫʽѧȥǽϵ

ƹǵȻʧлع˶٣ѧõͦ档
Ҳ֪ʲôﲻɫЩƤˣ͸˶⣻ߺյȴ׳˵ӣΪ
ƹ˵ǰ࣬Ҳôģͳ׷ſĬĬԶ˾롣
Ů۾ɫ˲٣͵ԵǹСȻ˷̬Ȼžơ
ƹٲĻᣬҪȥϢ
ô˿Ը˵úܣͱţԹԻԼԺӡ
ƹԿţӴҲҴúɽ
ƹǰ̽̽ĶͷҴʵգ۾ͷͲһ¡
򴽣ȥۡ
ú˯һ˵
þ˳ӵرۣûһ˯ðȣȵĺ


7 
˯ʱһΡ
ĻӣͷܶƺӵĽϡ
ҹɫ٣ȴ˼ƻ
÷˷ϵߣȺŲš
ŲŲߵ˾ͷͼҪҵֻǶһзȻʧɫġ
ó߹ȥŲȸԾ֪ǾҪҵˡչȥСõߣͿµӨ¶΢΢Ц⡣
һżﲻЦףʱĮȻɫ¶΢΢ʶãضҲʱͬ¶ɫġ
һָֻգָڰ𪾢΢΢Щ
ʶۣϾҲʪĴС
֪һǡ
ξȴ޶˱˺飬߼أʲô˽¶צ
Ȼ侪ѣ۾ȴֻȣ˼ҡ
ֻţ˲Ű죬ģ˻ع鵽ʵĸо
Ӧһʱ죬˾ƣҲ֪˭ͻġ
ӸǵЩʵҹһͷһĺ
΢΢ţ̨һֻмϡȸǺڰ׶ɫӴ۾طź죬ͷһЩļХųˡ
˴ʶȥױƺ﷭öӣڤڤʲôָ
һӷ泯ϣһ¡
Ũüתת˲ȴ˷磬ƬɽûҲ
ĵһĶߣʱһҧʺϡ
úһҲץӾܡ
ֻδԶʱ̻Զظã۾ȴָ˺ɫϾ˼ܵƹԺſڣš
ȸ׾ߣХһͳ׷Զˡ
ûӦδƹСźҧҧţԺǽ
ݵһյ͵ƣ΢ţȴûˣ⴦Ժӽģ켸֪ͬƹǸȪӡ
ųӵķԼˮ
ԥ˲һ˲ĸо總֮ʹڳʪ΢ȵĿֱ¡
ֱ˺Ժ
ӺܴԱȻļɽʯҹɫʣԳһӰӰ´¿ɼӰɢͷ¶ֱš
ֻ˴ţȻԼʵҪѰͶغһ֡
ƹ
ˮУƹվЩ¶˸ļ
ŷӦףæס۾
ƹ˶٣ȡһԵϣ߳ӣͿס˴СɵĶⷺźΡ
ԣȻ˽˶ֱ֪Сﺰһ˼λ
ݺΡƹһţʾ£Сŷµס׵䣬ת
˫۾˾ţЩˮ⣬ںҹ¶ǹƻ
ƹƿߡ
˺£ָɵķ֣Գһ˿
ò֪Ӻ˵ֻ߬ͭݵǰ
ƹһ
ϵãξ
ξͬ˵ľᣬûʱľǾӵӵ
ͻȻ֪ǰпʲô
Сﾪɲ򴽵ξ
ﾪϲһ˲֪
һ֪⡣ƹʵش˶٣ֲ澵ӳ˹Ź֣ؾţ˼㡣
þ˿
ʶʱ֮ķΧЩġ
ƹŵԡһͷɫķɣˮżӷҵ䣬˳Ųһ·ǣƬ̣͹˿̳ɢΪܵüˣ΢΢
ͻȻǰδΣ˵ͬƹĺ϶Ϊһֺ
ʱƹǰ촽΢΢ţ֪Щʲô
ҹﾲòͬѰڵжϤȣ΢ҲСͣ˽ŲŰ˵ľ룬ƹԼĺ
ľ׸ĥˡֻСצƵģ֪룬һ˸
ƹЦ˵һİɣδͬлڲǧҪ黳
ƹøߴĴƵǳǳСУƬ̣Ŀް֮͡
üɫѱ棬ʲôֿ̽˿ڡ
˵ǰҲҵĲԣǵҲǧĪҵĳ𡭡
ָƹͬ¡˵һ룬ͼƹƺһ˵ʲô
Ųýսǰͷܵ¶˵̬Ⱦ͹˳úܣƺҪڣһ̬
ƹȴֻţ𣿡
룬ҡͷ
ƹƺ̾һ̧ȥƲʲôΪԼˣٶȿ˿ڡ
롣
ãȻúܡ
ʱǲԵɵͬԼ˦ɫñϣ˿̱ĻͷЩίˡ
һίۿȺ죬ٿ˵˾Եý
ﻹҵ㣬ƽСĵúܡ
ôСˣ㻹ǲˣһ̻úõģһ̾ͷ
Լ˵˵ദգ㶼ͬҷ˼ˡôٵ㣬ôҵѽ
ƹͻȻۿֱ˵һ㶣Ӧ˰Σ̾˿
̧֣Ҫ΢΢ʪ۽ǣϢֵζҲĵ
ǹȵϢͬƹ˿̵ɫͣǱһ¶Ჶ񣬴ԭû㡣
˭֪ȴһԹϱĶ
ԭνᶼǴ
ƹ
㣬ӻЩʱһսеŵ
ƹ̲סЦ΢ƿߣȴùŽţĽֺͷմȾ˳ࡣ
ȥ
ö;һ΢磬ϲԼӣ˾ͱС㱧
ӼſƹļͷҪȴֿ΢΢£ƹӴ˴§
ͻȻЩߡ§ֱۼƺֻƽ飬ŽܵĽӴ£ñĵط΢΢̡
ֻܿƹĶ⣬淺Щ΢ĺ죬ζŶ˲ǱֳǰƵᡣ
ƼһǱʤ𣬾;ԼռϷ磬ַеĵӡ
ŵӷ߿ڡ
û˵ء֮ǰ飬һʹ
ƹ,ơšһ
õõ϶һᣬû
ãǸոգҴ㿴ȥ㲻Ҹɣ


8 
ƹ⻰ݣЩûƫǵ竣˶٣ΪѵõرЦˡ
Ҫ㸺أ
˵⻰ʱδɫЩȴ˷ֲ˼
һ顣
һʱûȴλ߸˶ˡ
˲գֻ뽫Ⱥס
㶼ˣȻǲҲġֻǣֻǡ
ֻǡ˰죬һ
ֻǶշһʱѽɫãûɵ̸Щɨ˵Ļʲô
ƹֻƤ
ɫãƲֻ¶˸߶

ƹȴԳ񣬲δ˵˼ЩƮԶˡ
߳ƫҪԼǵõҲװɵ
ˣԼͬϵʲô档
һСڶ߰ȰЩһ·ԸСԺײǰøûͷӬƵشת
ƹҪȴۼƼˡ
ܹӣǣ۾ȷȷʵиˣɫ˵Ĺû
Źÿ˯ˣȥСһֱŵˮһƣ˾ȻûˡҪȥѰþƹˡ
ӵҪƹ򴽣ȴµأֻһ·ڡ
ҹʪأԺٹŽź֡
ú˵һ䣬ᣬһζ
ͻȻеǣ·ʲôѿ
ƹ£ӵͷʾ⣬뿪ˡȴһֱ㶵أûع
һԣɫŹ֣ƺǱúˣ̲סڴ÷
ʲôѽôôӼֽŲõرȻţôͱһˣ
ĻعŶ˵
ͷԼĽţЩãȻûز
šӼûģּˣԽô£ҵĺùﰡҾ˵㲻Ѱ㻹š
ȴûģü˼ʲô
ӽֵ˵ʲôţҾ˵ܹ˳ϲ㣡
ʱȴ뵽˹ϣӣĿ˿ڡ
ȱʲôǲϲˣиҪ¶
Ӿͱתע
õΣ治Ҳ£ҾҺЩ
ͣ٣ҲĽס
ñŵЩϲˡ
˵꣬һӸ˳õļž
һӲСؿڣ
óصصͷ
ŷӦ
԰ʲôľܹҲϲ㰡
˶䡣
ء£ҲҲ¡
ֺʰһУɻشϣϨ˵ơ
һعžпһ˼йƹÿϸڣʱĻͻȻĳֿԲڴ
ڱЩȣ̽ŪɢЩַ˸
źڰգգ۾Ҳ̲סĵһ˿ϲЦ
һҹ˯úܳ
ʱɫ΢±۾ָͷӡ
ţղƹϢԼΡ
ôţӾͽ
ÿ۾˰춼Ȼ˵ܹˡ
õʱۣŵǵȫûӰ
ȳȥƹ£յԼæʰ׵룬ž־λ
ŲţȴͻȻðһͷԼͬദأ
ˣܲЩܲһ̲Ҫһֱ
αΡֱȰԸЦˡ
ƹƼʱЦӯӯСɵҲǳǳȥ鲻
ƹ򴽣ѵͬ硱
ػӦǺ˼֣Ҳиɾ࣬ʣѧЩʲôҪÿնжףҵķھҲû¡
ƹſڣˣǸ˿ڣǵüӿЩ̡
ЦӦá
֮ÿնƹ£ƺõɫЦ۾䣬ϣõǾǰ̡
ԡ
þҪԼȥɽţʱеദˡ
üЦӯøˣֱ˵ۡ
û˻᲻ϲЦһףƽһεģЦǷ˰ľǺ޲ͷꡣ
ƹ𷽲δ˵ĻѵԥǴʱ˵Щʱۡ
ȴֱ˿ڣռ𣿡
˼ջЩǰЦŵСֲʦֱеĵ׷
šֻӦˣȥһͰúõĽȡݸһѡ
ƽĶۣȻЩȴǸѧġֻҪƹʾϸ飬ģ¸ֻ߳β⣬ƫƫǸö㲦ģһ̵ѧõģ
ˣƹһľͷЩ
ŴԺӣͳöΪܶаֲʧԴͷʲôɫԼҲ֪
Ǿֻˣʲô죬Ȼ¶
ƹ¶
ٿȻнݵǰһһʽ֮Щζ
ȴ۾Ҳգ΢΢ƫͷܿ˽âý˼壬һֻסֱֱĽ⡣
Ž̬סˣ۾һͳ׷ģֻŵҧҪǰٵһ֡
ֻϧƾŬǽȴô
ųʽһԣżȴҶӣƺЩ
ƹҡҡͷԭŵɫȴ¶Щ΢磬ֻһ˲ֱصúúõġ
ʽѧò˼ȴʵ㲻䡣
ñ˵Щ飬̧ͷ죬ҫҫͷѰͷ
ʱˣȥŰɣ
ƹ
ȴ֪ȥ˺δſţӾʹ˵ʲô
꣬ҪӦƼӶͬſӾŵˣʲôɫͻȻЩΪѡ
ƹɫ̬ȫȻ
ҳȥƬ̡ܿͻŷصҡ˵곯ƹЦһ£ȹܿˡ
ƹԣֻ΢ü¿ӣһֻͷҪ


9 
ûʱɫм˷ܡ
ڣᣬ֡
⼸æҪگ˳һˣһͬȥᣬҪһˡ
گʱͬһˣˣ˵С˼ŷ˭֪ò˵÷¶˵˾Ϳȥ
ͬ˵ϹỹôƹگŭͷҪİͬСûĵۼ䣬þͲȥֱš
ôʱû˼һҪȰƹͬһȥᡣ
ǵϴμ棬ƹƺƲС죬Ҳ֪ΪʲôԵɡȰ޴ˡ
̾ѵôЩùġ
ɽښGһͷѵֵʱ򣬲ȥʵڿϧúܡ
Զڵʵûм˵ˡм仹ŵļ˵һ˵ǼϹ֮䣬ɢ׹䣬ǧɽһ˵ĳλŶ޴ӵ֪ɵ֪ô˼Ϊϰ
ȥûۣǷȥƽϣܹΪ˼Ϲŵ񣬶翵Ĵ˵Ĵ澴η棬إһһɵϰܹǱ
һţһ߾ͻԼԺӡƹ˿ţЩȻ
ôȳѽ֪Ϊδƹʱ̬Ƴ˼ֹζĵɸǰմϱ߶
ֵ뷨ϳһĵЦ
ڵ𣿡
ƹֻܿʻȻæˣͺúóԷ
˳Ӧá
ϯ䣬ƹɫƽŽӦſ˿ڡ
Сң˵ڣԼһͬȥᡣ
Ҫ˵ƹȴ˿ӡ
ƺǶ˶٣ŵӦˣ
ѽòδ룬ֻһͷںܺģҲͬһȥòѽ
ƹֻϲӣȴʶü
ȥȻߣͬյ侲Գ֣ͷҲصҳԺˡ
һǶЩãȻ
λôˣ
ָͷ˰죬ѵΪС졪ȻС쵽ֵز
ôҲ벻ղһ֮ԵСε
˲ɫ룬λĪɫദѹ
аʱ䣬һҪȰͬԼȥᡣ
ð߬߬Сȭͷ˼˶ӣȥƹ
ƹ˿Ժǽǿͩ·
ͷƶÿ죬ԭȴŵŲλãʱչգɹĿ
ɵشյǰȥŬ⡣
ʦҲˡ
ƹ̧⣬ԼЦùǣɫ
úģҪҪŬķٸᣬһϸһȥѽۺڴ룬СͦģģͬþõĽˡҪǵˣѽ
ƹԣüſҪ˵ʲô
üƺɶȴڵģһ˴ʲô˼ģٿһ£ò
ƹһ
ȥ³֣ԸŲȥ£ɱĿ񣬷ǲٴ
ú˵˵ȴֻۣð̾ȥ̫¼˽ԼԹϰ
ʱգգ۾Ȼˡ
б˽ͬƹ
ĵٴʵĲȥ𣿡
ͷɹһ磬۵úܣ˿ûǰģЩͰ͡
ƹſڣûü˵ʲôþͳ
ðɡȥѾͳˣԱŶ
ƹͲ
ýݣһ߻ѣһߺ˼ţͻȻͶԹչ£û顣
ϧ룬õһӣõദᡣ
ƹͷҪ㡣
һڴӦС졣
ʰ׵ĹӻƵȹȹϸµ˴ƬĲ֦ƣһ͵ɫ˼ֻ
ɴ
Ӽ״ȰЩȥ־ͺˡ
ֲ䣺ȻϲܹӣҲΪһʱܾԼͰԼŪóüѽ಻㡣
ȴ룬ѽΪϲųý˵ָ֮ĸ顣һڴӦСʱţСͬУܸⷬ˼һڻΡ
˭룬ҲСҲС졣
ˣҲһʱշȰԼִЩ
ӻҪʰЩһͬȥþͺԼЩʱ棬Ըȥگͷ
ӣƼƹԾͩ£ʹüĿ֪Щʲô
룬ȥк
ܡƹŴ˿ѧʦҲʣ˿ڣĽһ֡
ƹ̧ͷĿĵطȴһʱ
ñЩܣֻǿЦһ¡
Ҿ
ٿֱԺӡ
ʰ궫ƼƹȻվǶ˶Ƶġ
ֱֱԺţɫĪ棬ǷĿ˭뿪
˿̲ˣջĿ
ΪѵؿͬһƹƳһۣû¶Ƶ°ڣתҲ̤Ժš
и̾ΪҹˣôѲ͸ˣദסһ߸̾ţҲûţŸϽȥá
һԺţƼԺǽ˸ˣɫĪЩͣڵˡ
Ӷһˣⲻƹܹ˭
ѧӣҲ˵ֻɫɻ
ƹ½ǣʱŵΣȴƽȣ㲻ҪȥС𣿡
˼Ǵ·
һȣȻʲô
ΪˣǺ÷ƹ˷⡣
ǰܾС㣬һʱֺ˻ڣҪСȥ
ƣ˵ʲôţܹӲǶСû´
ӷģҲȥƹⷬŤоֻ΢΢һЦС˸׶졣
ӵǣܹӲһȥС㡣
ƹȻ˳̨£Ӧͷ
ֵҪǿȻĵòˡ
ƹŲһ١
Ƽˣ²ǲ֪ɣǼСȻĴˣȴһٶȥܾˡ
ƹƺЩʲô
״һ
Сͬ׽úܣԼҲû֣ҲΪˣȫˡǲظ̾תֶǧĪһȭȭⰡ


10 
ҹϵ˷
ٽֵ̼ҵ˸ʽĵڰĻｻ֯һƬѤõǺӡƻһУСǴŻƯһյƣ˳ŽֱС̯ʱƤĺͯ߾ǻӵȺܶżײˣҲ˹һʱ件Цڡ
ͬԼڷźӵƵĵط档ʱɫ磬ƹҹȥʱûж˾ۼһȡؽ硣
ֻ徲ܿ챻Զ˴ɢˡ
گ
ƹû߽СŴɤ˵ŭڽһ˵֡
گʱһһ̻ȼţǰݡ
üͷˣȥ㣬گ͹Ц
ɫ磬ʡŵѽһ߶㣬۾ȴžȼŵ̻Ҳǿģگ֣УҲһ
˵⻰ʱ̬棬Сɵ°ͼҲ̧һ磬۽΢΢ţ˰
ѰһĻƹȴͻȻ۾ЩŲ
Сյܾˣ۽ǾһȫȻͬģֿ̬Ͱ͵ġ
ҪԶһЩĴǰδԼǰֹʧ̬˼ŻȻãԼһȻľǰ˶ҡ
ͻȻеڽյ̬ȡ
گ۾⣬ˣŵƤЦЩ΢΢ͷЩ⡣
Ƽ˳ĿҲͿŵˡ
ǰԸͬ˵˵Ҳûã˦ӡ
ȻõһӦȴֻǸˡ
۾˼֣ϻδȼ̻ӳţ鶯ˣҪ֡ܿԼɲôûԣջ̧һֻ֣εקק½ǣӱＷһߡ
ƹȻͬԼ򴽣Ŭɫ߹ȥκСͱһЩˡ
Ӵ˭ã㲻˵˸С۵˵Ѳɾˣ
گ˵Ҳѿȴˡ
㡭˵گһۣС۵˵
˲Щνӹ򣬼ųƹͣҿû㣬㡢ѽ
گĿࡣİСô˸첲ȴأ
ƹɫ۽ȴǷ˵Ц⡣
ŷ֣СԭԼ
ߣǷźӵȥگã˸ۣϵ̻ӣҪȥá
ƹ˰۵غܡ
üëһʱͷֻԥһ˲˸
گŸϽ뿪СעȫƹˣȴͻȻþסˣѽС졣·ôˣ
һ㶣ͷȻ°մ˶棬Ҫ
گʱɫ
ôͻȻأ
ҲòУĴ£ǻȴǿúܣ˵ǷҪһյ׵ľһˣԱ߾ǷŻƵĺӣˮЩȵҹﷺһĵĲ⣬鼱֮һҲ˲һѱ㽫گƽ˺
گû뵽ıʣ͵һƣͨˮ˶סʱǺˮ
סĲֹһԼС㷽ȻһƣӶҪɳ
ƹ΢ȵۡ
ʵû뵽ûͻȻһôϵ¶
ֻǺܿȻȷʵӦֱ˵ӣƵĶѹ򣻷÷˼һԼ
Ǹһ˲ž;ԼȻٿأСм˼Ҫȣһ˲ĹСһѽˮ
˼ôһתگ񣬾ʹ˵ѵõ
÷־ּˮ뵽ӣδϸ˼ʱжʱعƼˮǧߵگЩ֮ġ
æȹڶӣ֣Ҫȥگһѡ
گˮǺͨ죬ֱҪԼù޶˾˻ֱСһƽȻǺ⣬ʵǡ
ȻƼŽԼӣͻȻ־Ҳ̫ҪȻСһѣǰһΣֻϸ۵Ʋˣסģһֻ˵Ĵ֡
ֻ޳;Ѳˣֻܵ۾ϰʪ͸ˣǱúܡ
ƹϵɫջ֣вڵƿĿ⡣
ֻĪؿһͻȻһȥƹһعگסصǸϿҵúܡ
ԲסԲס治㵽ġȷʵôˣⷬʵԴֲһʱ鼱ˣƣ߻־
˵ԼԼçײˣЩű룬ĿͶһԿϷӡ
ƺڱЦگĿЩͬ顣
ҹﻹǽ˾ϲ⣬̯ӻǵա
̾˿Ȱ칫ӣҪȻȥѰɣ˵ȣġ
گʶ뷴һ̧֣Ӿ͵εδˮˮմóˡֻͬø𣬻ȥѡ
ȣҲͬƽϣȵң𣿡ãַؿһƹ
ƹţԼ¼ȨɷαؾЩСڡյگԴĿ⣬򴽣ѵûػȥ΢ͷ⡣
گյͶĿ⣬žȻͦȻ֪ʱƹԾֻ˹
һԵĴ󣬵Ǹͨ˾ָû¶Ƶģʱ´Ǳģһ˲ꡱЦ
گȥϧմˮصúܣ˷ķ̬Ρ
ֲ֪ôЦһ
ƹûûŵС
רעĿ⣬ûعͷ
ʲôѽЩɻ漴뵽ʲôЩ˼ǲЦ̫ˣСˮģǺȻƵģô˵
עдһ٣ֻǺĽ˴ӻնдҡͷ˵ˣƹͷ
ʱ˻ֻգһ˫۾Щ
ƹϾ¶һ˲Ц⡣ǵЦͶƽһʯӶˡͶ
þ;ȫңһֻزסķųҪδ֪硣
δüЩĪ˼ԤУƹңҲ𣿡
Щûλӣ˦ЩֵĴ
ƹ⻰ʵģȴ֪˼һȾֱӦ
Ȼᣬֲͬһ
ƹƷζ˼ϲ⣬Ĭ˺һҲЩ΢ļ١
Ī뿪ڴĳĬƹ˻⣬ſϺüˣ̯ӣΪȤ㲻뿴𣿡
۾£Ϊѣǣǲǵ𣿡
֪˿ƹΪͻȻճ˼мĶȴģǵ÷گĻ
ƼϵΪɫܲԥʱͦ
ܹͬȥɣ칫ӻͬһ
þͷģƹȥˡ


11 
ƹС˳ӣƺĲگϣǰͬﻰ͸¶˼ٶһյ˳Щ˶ࡣ
Ҳͣȴֻѵóʱڷ˹ڵĺãʵԵʡţԸ鵹Ҳغá
ֵϣ˾Ͷ
ƹ룬յýЩСǣס
һʱģûʲôףûѡ
˳ǣ֣𽥰ҹɫϵƻԻ͵Ľֱֵһˣ̯ǰü˾Ȼ»棬۾ҪֽкãŷԼ˽߬š
֪תͷȥƹȴ΢΢ͷɫרעԼ
רעɫͺ۶һ
һ΢΢ſڣ뿪ڴݲͬѰֽ˲֪龳ȴٿȻоһֻֻԼӣ˶٣ޱɢһ鷢쵽˶繡
˵ʲôţֻһ˲հס
ƹʱ͵Ϳ˿ڡ
Ҳԡ
þ͡һǧҲ㲻ƹͬͷ
ûü˼еζȴе˷
ƹ֮ǰҲҲԡ
þ۾
˿Ѳ
⻷µģʱʱ˺Ȳʣȴö߾ˣֻŷƹĻ
Σعϸ˼һ£
ãö˶˵ĸͻȻǸԲԵûʲôν
Щ˼һ£ȴ˵롣
ãҴδҪͬƽЩſ
¶һЦ
ƹڶһʱ֪Ǻζ
ʱʱ鶯ģ˼ͺƮԶЩֱֱԽֻصĽޡ
Ҳͬӣͬĵƻ貣ͬһף¶ͬЦݣ۽üҵĻȶ޶ޱ
˼͵͡šһ
Ǽǰ߱߹䡣
ʱͬ˵仰ĸɫÿҪϼ˶
·ûоͷҲܻõʱԶͣפ
ҹɫ׽٣ȴͻȻѤõ̻
˷׷פۿ̾ʱСӵЦ񻨱ըУ˼Ļ䡣
ͬһͣפͷȥҹеǻ𣬹Ӱ֯ͬ硣
ò֪˿ĳʱлЩʲôֻ֪Լ˿ŵվԼߣԼһͬŴʱʢ龳
תͷȥƹ
ϤģĿ⣬Ҳͷ
˫ﱾڣʱȴͬҹһ㣬˸ʹâ
ʯ䣬ǸñڼеĳͬǰһغϣȴЩ΢
ƹϱȻɫһ档
ߡ
ƹͣͲǰȺҵһߵСֻ̯ݸһʾϡ
ƹӹǽڷָ΢΢ߣ˼˳ӵشϡ
ţ;öζ
ֻаأס˶ͷԼüۣϸϸƹ¶İĿҴ󵨣˳ֱͦı浽촽ƵǷ򢴦
ô˿Գ㹴أЩԣԾ΢΢սЩԴĿȴǺһ㡣
ǰĹ⾰һͬģξصֻһþҪڽȥ
ƹȴͻȻ˿ڣ
ʵҵ
ҹġ
仰̽˶ʵѾкܶδˣֱּ£Щ΢ĩ˼
ԣۡ

ףѽ˳⣬ƽϲ֡¶һʵЦæף
ƹµĴ΢΢ǣһЦ
鲻Цˣż¶ЩЦһʱ侹Ǳ̻ҪĿ
ôƬ̡
ʲô˳ƹҪ⼷
ãȥŻѽϹڣ˶ûĺء
ƹ˳ӵءšһһֻֻӵȺ
һߣþһͬ
֪ڵ𣿡²׳ȶԷӦԹԽϣ۲ݣ˵ǸжĸҲ˵ؼӡ
ʵһһεĴš
˶٣˸ӣƹϵرʾ棬ѹ˵Щ·˵ʵǰһλϹŵɻڷӡ
ƹסȻ˵ţİ汾
üҲͬɫȻЦųôһ˵ͬɻԵ֣һҪԸ˵׼ϹŵɾῴɵԵϣԸŶ
ƹˣѵôǻ
ԸˡԼﺬЦ⡣
ǵ˺ӱߣźӵƵĵطѾۼˣƮϰյƣҹɫ˳ˮӯӯȥõԸԶ
گվһϸߵʯͷϣֱۣҲ֪˶ãһ۾Ƽǣ߹Ķˡ
Ƽ𻹿ŵֻ֣˻ӣ漴ƹӿ첽Ӽ˹ȥ
گɫúܣҪȴСＱϡ
С죡֪𣬽ƹGе˷ѹزס죬ףѽ
گһźϺΣΪԸؼһ䡰֡
Ҫָͬƹ͵ȻʧȻǣСȵǾףǣȥӱ˺ӵƣѹûаҪ˼
ƹקöˣʱƵģ˳رžߣɫžмֳζ
گͲˬˡ
ôʱдԼֽߴƹдϲСմȾīˮӵƤһת־ҪƹĨ˳ԾǣƹȻ㣬üͷҲδһ£СĨա
گͻȻôʱԼôĶ࣬ѹȥ֮䡣üãһĬĬȥˡ
Ҳǣ˼ұԵֵһԡôˡ
ƹַ˵ƣͣҪ͵øԶһЩԴ۳ůߣ͵ϣѵ浾
ؽ˵ĻԶ֣ƹɫף֡ͬһԸպض˳죬óԸ
ƹ;ЩƿĿ⡣
Ź⡣
ϱӰҲôһˣƵף֡˻˵ÿһҶѽ
ʱֻЦҡҡͷΪ֪Լӡ
˿̣һֻأվǰЦ̣ͬԲһʮΡ
ԼڣȴƵЩ
ʣÿһ㶼𣿡
лҪ˵
ÿ93k


12 
ҹˣǵֲŽɢȥع塣
ֵĻߵȸɫС⣬ƹǿţԭ˿̹෱ҹҼһ糵ֻ˶
ö˶˵湫װ˻ڵĻӡ
Ƽ˷ŵʱʶĻˡʱ춯ӭ˳ͿضˣС̯
ٰҹʵЩˣƤӴżܣһ뵽ͬƹദ˾Щܡ
ʱרעصǾ䣬ÿһ㶼𣿡ɫģǰˣǱŵСǽԼһĶ˳
ûƹ飬ȴδİ֮С
ݣȴֱңͬס
ÿ켫ˣһʹĿڷɱҲ֡
ѹסԽԽ࣬ͺڴߴ죬˳Լ⣬˵
Լ˵ѽÿһҶ
ҲٻӣΪļ󣬶ദ֮ⲻһЩʵɴʱԼˣȴֻϲȸԾ
Ҫһǰ˵ĳ嶯
ƹȴָֻգͣƬ̣ϸϸߴˣǣһޡ
ζţӭ۾ƺڱЦ˳Ŀתͷȥλƹ
һʱû˯⡣
ȹÿˣִżԸóĳ죬ÿʲôϲ˾˾ƹ
ʱŤͷһŷƹһ̣Ҳ˶ΪһȻԵģžǱ
Щ˼ˡ
Ӻ˲øпæǽӹӰ˵ʲϤýȥҲ໰ͽ徻ط˶
жͷϵġӡƹһˬʱվͦͬһյ
ϲˣۺ̬ģʳȻ
þ;ôô⡣
һ⣬С
̾ҵһ۱ǸÿˣʱŷⲢ۹жãʵڳ
ƹԾһ㶡
ܲס佱ֻǱصĻУҲһͬ㽿ɤҲҹɫȴǴսǽǣ޼ɵشƫƫ¶úܣ˲ð
Сﶥźǰ޶ףˮ΢΢ͷ̴΢϶ûÿġˡ
ƹʱ;΢£ѹֲס
һ翵ĵ뾳ɣٴμֻתУҲ
ȴûʻվǰýȻͬġδԤķݣȴƵ顣
ƹ򴽣һ֣׷εСȥƮĹ⡣
ȻƵüʱ¶ЩɻҪսЩͬ˵
һָֻڷĴ־ޱߣͷգ΢΢Щ
ͣƬ̣Ҳ²һĶ̲סغ
ƹ֣˵ָ⣬µҶ
ƫͷûʲôҶƹȴȻαͲٶ롣
ҹأƹ´ĹǷԷЪ¡
ļգƹն̵ϰָ
ѧ˳ֶˡ
ǵƹһʼĶϰ˷֮ʱҪ͵ܲþͲá
ֻͬƹҫ
üγ䲻ŷƹϺȴƫƫ첻ĽͲʵοӳȥһ˸һɶ
ò
벻ס
ƹĵزŽͷҲ̧
ãȻû㶮УԲҿϰϰĶӦϰĸԿ
ߣͺʣƾʲôͨͨˡ
ƹһ
ʶǳ
þֱҧƹָֻյģƵƻʧ̬δ
һϴˢȣҹѵò˷ƣȴ
ڵûȵҪƵƵĵЪˡ
Դϴƹ֪澵Ӳʲô𺦣࣬˯ǰҪóһ
֣ԼʱܱͨȶʱﻹƬеİŨ
ţξĿǰЩ룬ͽ˳˯
ʶƺδ֪ǣţƬδ֪ξ̽̽
ٴǹλʹ
üͷҪƺߣȴѲȫȻ֮С
ľͷĴӱźڰ׶ɫĹٴãӷĺ졣
ֻڴͣƬֱֱ̣ɽڣڴϵñƽ
쳤๣۾ѾͬѪĹֽУƺڴѼڵ͡
һƽҪʳƵĽ޵ʯ֮䣬ƴ롣
ܵ˵ϢʱӴëҪӣȴǱ֮ĺâ˰
ƹ
˽ƼɢĹģͫɢȥĺɫЩüϾ˼˰ֻ̽ǰȥõΡ
ʱѾŨͬʵʣڿмѵתƺ
ƹ˸һӡס
ֻÿ죬ڽѹһ˲űԵ˳ȥ
Ĺ˼ֻ齱ߣ̽̽õĶͷ
Σջ֣üɫɶЩ
ްֻǱξסҡ˸Ϣ¶
ֻǷֵȸϵáǼʧǿеĲ񣬴˵جΪʳңȴʲôԴޣˣȻзѪ⣬ͷҪʳõꡣ
ƹü۳˼ѻĽëס⡣
ôƼľһ
ãƬ̣Ƿ˯ʱĺʱ΢΢Щ˼֡
ǰ齱ߣһָֻĶͷϣ޵ʹÿĴ΢΢ţȻû
ûʲôȴؿ˿ڡ
ãϺá֮ǰû֣Ľëͦģ
ϵֻ־Ͷ˶٣˻ȥ
˼񻹲ɤʲô
⼸ϰ⸱ģ˱ٿͬ
ǸʵˣƤֿˡ
ԺƼƹȻĴߣۣݸһɻ
ƹĿƬ̣½ָĶͷ
˯ɣ¡Ҿ
þ;úܰģֳ˯˹ȥ


13 
һ˯̤ʵˣʱѴ
ҹκʵʶ򴲱ߣȴֿһˡ
ЩԼţƺдֻƵ¶ȡ

̾˿š֨ѽһƿ
۾ӣȤغۡ
ôƲⷬ仯أЦ⣬õС㣬ܹͷš
һ¾
ɿϴʰ˳ȥ
ƹʱ˱裬ˣʾ
ͬ磬ɵ£ֻЦֻǳǳȥ
ƹƳһۣƾ
ÿˣ룬Ҳõؾ¹࣬;ֺ˼ڰ㣬ݲӦš
ƹ³һ䣺
ϱֲǶģôʲô
ý죬ͷŬ˳ʳôһ䣬ҭס
ؽȥ
ãҽóˣµϰ
ƹһ٣漴üĿе¶ο
÷½˿ڣҪվȥԺƹûаŲ˼ֳɵͣԼĶ
ƹָ鵽ϣɫڵ׮ҪҪ˵
ףʾ˵
ƹ͵Щ仯ǻǰ̳
΢ȣ絽ʲôʱ򣿡
ƹԽԽãպ󡣡
Ѱ˼һͳͷû⣬պʰһ¡
ùž͸˱
ûԼӣ˿ֱȥ˸ĸԺ
Ĺͳˡ
ֵ̧˵Щ۵չ⣬еµġôĸķӦԤеĲһУδԶţĸӦǼȵֲģʵϣ˸ĸ֪Ҫǰ㲻죬ֻѰһʹȥʰ
ѵƹǰкˣ
ò֪ǣƹܼҸĸҲһˡǶƼӸͻͽָýƹ޵һ;קء
ò֪ԼϱǸġʹֻɿػԼԺӣͬӽ顣
ӵǲúܣ˳вһôһͬš·;ңԶǧעⰲȫܹ۸ǰһʱʱעĪҪĶ
źЦ̧ͷӵ
ʲôôᣬֲǲˡ
֪Ϊεһ棬ƹҪȥɽһˣξġ
⾵Ȼɴ͸¶ŹŹ֣ƹȴιһŶ裻ϰЩţʱҪһ
ЩȸԾѾͬĸ˱λʱֶڳڣֻܼͬ˵һ˭أ
ˣگ
һ⣬ϴ˵ձҪ뿪ǣҪһͬȾơ
ȥţֵһʰõĽϸȥƹԺӣԼѾˡ
һ׵ýձİЪ¡
컹δúƹѾڹ˸⣬׼ˡ
װ󣬲ҪԶУǳȥΡ
ӽõϣɫǲᡣ
ЦŽӹգգ۾
ֲǲˣڼҺúõŶ
Ӻۿصͷ
һߣƹСнӹ֣
Զչ⽥ĻŹ⣬ӰƳһΣڻδɢĳпĿȴͦӭľ
һʱ侹뷨
ʱһͬദʱǷûְ˵Ŀ̱Ȼһ˲ﶼңԶľ룬ҲְֳȻ߻ֻǸʮͷˣҪĤݵ˼
һˣȴͻȻ˿ڣǷ
Щ˲ĸɢûعҪƹͳһֻ
ĥЩ΢Ӳָ˸ɾ޳˱ĳ⣬γһ˿ůɫ嵭ĪľС
Ŵԭصã룬ȾЦ⣺ѵҪұ㣿
оͳױˡʱҪĳ嶯Ҳ֪ôǷΪ˵ᰤ˵Ĵ
÷˸ۣס֣
ǰΧסŷͬһһӵ̬
ڵŤŤӣƹȴ˵ˡ
Ҫ뿪Ȼһ˲һ·ĳ
˽סͣǰ˼ڴ
گ
Сүˡ˵Ƽӵ˵̬Ťһ£ȴҲֻǲһ˲ͻָ顣
Ǹͨ͸ˡ
گֵҲͬǶ˵ˣֻҪԶţܵһ
ûЦˣЦü
ллĳġ𣿡ʡ
گͷһۣȴʵʵĶݸٲġƽרȥġ
һл
ƹü
Щ
ãһگȴĪ˼ʱ§ˣ㣬Խ
گҧֵҲж㡣
⻰ʲôһıɤȴҲҪΪˡ
گģֻһ˸ңݵǰ
ܻƹһ͵
گɴ۾ƹ˺ģ˷񣿲ͬˡ
ǰʵû¶ʲô⡣
گ̹Ȼӹˣͬл
С죬Ǿʹ˱ٻʱ˿ڣΪⳡͱĻ
Ŀ뿪گŷӦö˶˵ƹΪλܻ
ҲȷʵŷֽһȴŷһʶģĪıܻһȻϵáʽһĵظһС֣ĺδ޷ݡ

گеķֽ˰Ρ
ˣνҲ뿪ˣȻѡƹȻ޶˵
һߣδǣһǻĳͱ̤;澢ǹˣǶ˵Ի
ôҵôҳżҲ߸Ȼͳš
Ҳ˴𻰣ֵŶܰҽǺܷģ
ƹôͼڣЩŵľȣô㾹˿׵һˣ
ƹʱ΢΢Բ۾ģսȦסֱۣƺھǰʵһ㡣
˼һôӺ󱳴ܸܵн࣬е졣
룬ٶȿڣ
ǲ಻̫ð˵ڳˣʮΪ˥߶Ӣš

ƹһ̣ͷһ֪Ҳǲ˵ģĳĿ࿴ˡ
þ͵͵ǰͷЦ
֪ƹֿھ䰮֮ˡ
򲻹Ǿͼ¡
лҪ˵
µһ˳Ŷ~


14 
˳ǣ̽ϡ٣ĿȻͬھֲĲͬɢŸΪ
нٶȲ첻˵Ļ¹ѧķҲʱʱسһ
ƹѾͬ򵥽һ·İšҪȥȡһͷЩֱ֮ǻһ·ȥɽ
ʱǰǵ·ϡ
ǣشƫ·;ԼĪķһաԤʱ򣬸ų˨ǰ
ȻԽǰߣԽЩԡ
ʢĵļڣ·Եľֲȴʼֳǰһ·ڹͷ羰ʱͷ˲ԣĪĸ֪˵Ĳ
ƹ֪ͬ쳣òͬǣмŵļ֮
üһ䡰ˡͼӿ˸·ٶȡ
ƻʱ֣ǰִ˳š
ʱ䣬ȴţǽũׯɢҲδֺӰ͸¶һ֮
ĵּˡ
ʹң׹˼ҼҴҵϢ֪̫ͨƽʢʲôҵȻʱȴ˽䱸ɭϣһĻ̵̻ģ֮ǰûеõһ˿һϢ
ոտţ¥ϾС̽˰ͷǸߺǷˣ룬Ǿλ·
ƹɫδֻ¥ķеơ
ƴ죬ֱۣ¥ϵ˾ͱɫ
Ƭ̣صĳ֨ѽŴһС죬ӭ˽ȥ
ϣӸ¿سǵĽ졣
ǽģ˾Щǽ͵λͣ˴ˡ
ƹδһԣʾ˵ȥسǽ˿ĭ˵
Ҳ¶λ֪ǽ˲ٺӡҲ˷ǵĵز˭֪ҲСҲˡ񣬳ﶪĺӣʮˡ
ֱˡ
ƹȴüͷһףʹɱȥ
֣ƹСһƫƧСԺǰƹֽߵԺš
һ̡
ԺžĵģƬ̺֨ѽһˣŵֻ¶һ˫۾ˡ
޶˾˫۾ǰ͵ĶߣƵɫ˸¡
ƹ½ͳһöСƣˣ˱㿪š
һƳĸо֮ȥþͽ˴
ǰ˿ᣬ̣ͥ򨲿۾λýϳҪߣ沿ʳªȴʲôƵࡣȴƫƫҳһºʵЦݣΥ͸мǿ
˼öתʱɫ·𷽲ֻĴ
ȴòˣƹӡ
ƹϿɫԺ˵ŵ
˾æͣСոĹ£Ϲµ˼ǾǲӦ
̬ͣģǷݣȴɾ˱Ǽĵġ
ƹšһʹԺȥˡ
ոĹ¿Ŷ˵ıӰ޺ǡ
ȤȤһͶ½ĻǣһĪմȾŨص˾ǴһǱһһĻ
һֹţʱﵹ˼֣һ߳ͷϼ򵥵ñڣһͷҹͷɢֽ·ЩҡڵسԺӣܿӰʧ
һˣԺӣƹɫڳ
Ժж죬Ժռؼӣʵ̺·
ƹôŪŪС󣬶ǰȻʡ
ðԼÿһ裬ʱȵǡ󷨣
ƹͷʾվԼǰȥ鿴
յһˣȴЩ΢ѪƺϼʱҪɢаڷһֻ޴Ĺͭӣͷŵķֽȥ룬Ʋͷʱѱʴ˸ԴŴ󳨣ͷһ
ƹָǰѲƵָᣬһ
֣޵֮ˣһǸɽպյɴڣҲǵ͵
˷Ȼûʵһ㷱ĳΪ˼ûǰ͵űһ磬ҲǲԹ۵ġ
˼˼ʱ˿ڣ£ҾЩŹ֡
ƹɫ⡣
֪Ȼֵ׷ȥĴˡ
ƹѵģͬ͵ǡЩ£ǿҪͣһʱˡ
Σգߡ˶٣š
Żɽʵʴ߳˼
ùɵͷӦˣǳȥѰס
ƹüǾס
ͬסһԺ䣬ƹãԼ˴ƫʰ׵ķ˸ڽС
һԿĶд˾档һʱԺţͷһο
ƹƳ棬Ҳֻͣǳʲô飬ԱΪϡ
˳ӴӦ
룬ǿڶһ䡣
ǲҪȡĶҲˣźԺʾ⣬ǷǸٻĿģȻҪ漰ʲô֮ɲΪѣ͵ûʡ
ƹĻͺͻȻ뵽ʲôЦһ¡
Ҳ޷
ֱߣͣԭûͷüëϼɣҸ㽲¡
æӦá
ӣƹ˲裬ײ䣬˿ڣͬýǸ¡
·ʮǰ
ʱؽҲƬؽ磬糣عӣƬϡ
ӹµˣλӵȴƲ̫һ㡣
֮ӣȴò׽֮Ҳһȥ
Ķ˵ɷǡȻɷǶֻɷˣȴԼҲӰ죬Ҫꡣ
Ըõ룬Ҳ׮£¶һϣƽ׶ĥѡ
￴쳾̻ԼȴմֺȻһȥӭԼսᡪͺ鲢İֻѰ
ֱһλ
λڳǶı֧˸̯ӣĻӡ𱾾ٽɣ˶˵ü׼ᴥˣ˵룬̯Ǽġ
̯ײӣɴֻ¶һ˫ڵһֱֱЩζ
ǰзӯӯЦ⣬ܷһԣ
ĮȻúܣǻؾ˭֪ǹͲ˹ӣҪһԣ̯ҲҪˡ
ӱһȥ
ҲԸԳϹ˫޳֣һǡ
ֻһλ߶߶С˵


15 
ƹͣ
ͷϣʱ¶ŨĺҲǰһ㡣
ƹһȲ裬ΪԼһЩյüƵУɫ
ڵ
λʵ˾ξŮ·̽ģƸ
þһ˲̾ԭǸ־ֹ¡
ƹšһ˵š
˵λӦ֮ΪŮԭǽ󣬲½˼
һӴӣͷǰ˵֮δڷϼ
Ůͻȥ˾λ˵
أʮ壬缲
Ůʹӣ귽Ρ
䵭ϾȻЩЦŽʮ壬إ߷
Ůǰӣ˲е˼
Ҫ
Ů֪һζܳڷݣʮһ÷졣
ѰҩӰжһ꣬ûȥҩιӳ¡
ƹͣյգϣƻʵ
Ժﱻ͵ߵģǽųݣǲݡ
ûȻ˵ͷ־ûˣüͷ׷λأĲκأ
ƹֻƫͷɫ

õʱˣЪϢɡ
ͽͳӡ
ƲƲ죬ĵ˺òûͷûβݣʩһӦȫӦǳտɨġ
һֻ򣬽Լİ˯
һ·ƹȽǾνزء
ҪŻȥʯ䣬Ժһͷ
ͨʱЩطˣʱʹƹʲôҪ֮δζԹȥˡ
ʱȻЩʾغξ׽͸ڽ֪̽ٿξ
Ȼʣ룬ѵزؾλŮԨԴ⵹ǲƹΪϸϸһصĴ¡
Щһֱ˯
һΣȴǸѵõΡ
ƺλŮ˼Щ£˼ˣɴ˷龳
һռԹߣۿ
Уλ˾εСŮɵĵҩιλӺ󣬾ִҴһϣȥѰ˾ɾ鿴ı仯
ûţλ˯еĹӸȻͬƹһģһűƹҪĮҪЩ
ţСŮѾ˾
˾ҵСڡڣô㣬Ҫһ졪
λ˾ɾῡʣʱȴǳü˻еǱӡ
СŮҪңʲôƲõġ
˾ɫֳ˼֣ŶҪˡ
ֻһˣһﲻסȰɵĿɲȥЩ˵ⲻΥ
СŮʱݵػص˵ЩƨȻôȷʵ¡˵˼ֱ֣׳ôͲΥˣ㵱治֪ô൴سĴ˵¶ôİ
˾һļᣬ˼ֻ̨ȥ
סΣҪǰĵСڹˣһλ治ܶ
ʶԼ˵©죬§ŻﱦƵӣһ˸ûӰ
СŮ𾪡
һλܶѵλӵݾʲôŹ֡
˼⻰˼ȴܵĲ漴ͱξת
ͷֳ˲СĶײʲô࣡һ˻˻죬ƺʲôڱʴա
˲ӷŵξоѹ˼£һϸ죬ôͷĹ⾰
ԭڿ΢ɼĽʱֳʵ壬Ũ֣УϷȴһ̫Сףʱӿ޸
þŵͷҹնС
ҹɫʶްҹɫУһɫӰȥƺˣЩģߵ춯йֳһۣ˺䷢һ˻ƵЦ
ƹһ£ִ˽Ƿɼ䣬ն𣬽͸ǵֻӴܵӰ׷˳ȥ
ÿŶ˵ӰһǰһʧڿУЩ㶡
ǰ̽ȥ½ʵıԵδܵκ
þͷĵǰһ
࣡һ˱ʵʵص˻
Ѱ˼ƹδ̸εķţټҹǲ֮ͶڿзţļҲǷֺģӦǰﲻæˣֻˤʹ˵ƨɣʵʵػͷƹ
һֱȵڶ磬˯ȥΣʱӹţǶˡ
չֵȥĽ磬̾ͬʱЩƹʱˡ
ǺʵȻƺûʲôɡﱻ̵ţδʵȫòֻǹп
ҲſĵɴʱȻ˷ĶӲӦ

̾һû̾泩̾һڡ

̾꣬ɶˡ
óͿƹˣʱѾˣмͷմȾЩѪգɫȴãͦγȲֺ
ͷģҪҪôȥƹȴۣӸһᶵֱڡ
ôһͷǸʽĵĳʳȥȺš
㶣Цˡ
ԺаһСӣ£ʳһںСϣһ߳һߵ
Ƭ̺ƹӷһЩͶٱĳϢһɨգǸģ
ó˶ӣҲˡ˲裬ݸЦеʣȥôãͦġڿӦ˳ˣ
ƹӹһ٣Բһü
ô˳ˣû׷ϣˡ
ֱ׳
ΣŹ㻹ͦĹͷôЩʳˡ
ƹͷһڲ裬£ƸŲ豭ܹ鲻ܶĶӡ
òɫǵǸʲô
ƹһɫֻǧ
ѱϰ˲ٹ־ֵĴ˵ʱû⣬ֻǵؿڣѵǽСģ
ƹûпĬϡ
ҹΪδˣûСӡЩ⡣
ƹһ
ǼɵҵʵҪ̽̽ҵʵ
ã
ûĻᣬƹ漴ӣɫȻҹһβͣʱԪǴˣǵ취
ҲŲգǽһʱҲòɱôຢӣǳ磬ܾȳ١
ֻǴ˷ˣǸץЩˡ


16 
ڶ峿˵һ˼ҵĴš
̽˸ŸҶСһֳһЩ
֪ƹǿƽʲôͷ˹ˣ̽ںͯʧԵİӣǼҪм㣬һ̽¡
СӵԺ类ƹͬñϵĴţԽصĽ䱸˶ʧСԺӡ
Ժڲ˿ңûκײ򶷵ĺۼԽԽ϶ǰĲ²⡪ֳֻ˳ĴڣܲشլԺ°ݽСӡ
СӵҲ˴Ǹǰĸźʵڵȴһֻ֪һؿޣһҧֻǳȥһ˾ûκʱҡú˯ŵСӾûټ
ʵҹֵصĻҲһҧδκ쳣
¾ЩˡΪСӵ£˲̽飬ֶפصĹٱѱǣȥˣֵüɹȴǺĶûͷǰһһŮҲ֪ʲôͷֻᣬһδģҲ֪ʲôճƣǱΪϱ
ҲƲʲôţԭΪͶɿȥľֶЦҪͿ͡
Ŷ˳ȥͷվһԵʱһһŮλеСȴͻȻ¶һЩɵı
²Թɫϸ΢ʲôʣͣҪѯʣСȴ˱飬ҡҡͷʲôûз
Ӹϳ޹
·ƹѾͬ˵ҹ׷ʼĩ
նһβͣŲʱҲƾβҵֵϳ
˭֪Լ·֣˫ۣбƳһȳľѪβͲ˵Ӵˡ
ʱѵľأ֪ҪҵĲ֮
ƹͬŸĽĵϸŶʧӼͥסҹƶϸİݷüƻ
ʱǰݷõ⻧˼ҲǲŶ˺ӣͶҽƵ߲ܣ˵˶⣬ʮϣƵ֪޲޲
Ȼһ̽ȴҲûʲôֻڴӶʧǰʱʱͻȻܵһ˵ϵԺбǣһϸϸ˿ߣʶξô
𷽲ڸ·źСӵʱĪͷ
ɻ߷һһңݸ֪ȴԽԽԣͺϾҪץסͷ
Ҫʱ֣һ˼ſڡ
Ȱݷù˼ң½Ŷ˺ӣżúܣᣬȴҲ˲ӣֻץסÿһϣȻϣȻȴÿһ˼Ҷˡ
ǰˣӶнӽգʲôķӶԹˣʧϣãѻ˴ģʱŵĶ棬ȲǹҲǵõĸˣԾЩѷˣҪˡ
ǵ飬ҪȰοƹȴͳǿµõĳҪᵽŵĹϡ
¾Ͳ鲻Ը˽ţϻűԹǰôຢӣҲλż˷ԼˣȨѹˣĵزˡ
ǿһЦƹȴǻδš
ȻҳȴȻһ
˻ŵԺӣ̸Ĵ㡣
ͻȻ뵽ʲô˸⡣
ãǻط֡
ƹüʾ˵ȥ
þͽŵ̽ù˼ʧСȫǸµġǲ󣬲Ҳһ亢ӵ˼ң
ƹϾ¶Ц⣬ͬ˼·ȴֻˣֻж㣬ڲһ֡
ĬȻȷʵˡ
ҹþͷͷ飬˯ͻȻʲô˵ƣڴ߾ͱǾزط
֪Ŵͷ˯ˡ
˯УǸδΡ
ͬƵģλСŮϣյڵһԹߡ
СŮ˾ɾƹֻ̨ܵƬֱ̣ȥһؽ
ãȻǴؽȻƮƣڴȴ˿ʯ֡
ôԼһɢЩȥ¶һƬˮ档
þ;þ档νȻ
¿ͼԼƾһۼһҪɢȥС֣ͶУû
󣬺淺˲ƽϾֳʻͶӰ
ӳǺϵˣǰͬƹһģһλӡ
ʱĹȴǸģִ˱˲Ľѣÿһ䶼ᣬһѿͨĽȴˮ·ָɽӡ
ֻľȴԶ׼Ĳ̫ãΧ
ڣ߲УҽɽѪԼһ£ȴ䡣
СŮЩֱ̣üͷ˻ӣˮٴ𣬻Ҳ֮ת䡣
Ǹῡݵòȴһװ磬ԾǱĳǰ㣬Ƽ䵭ȻüĿֱȫޣͦΣ

һò׹Ĺôַǰ֮
ֱ࣬ͬƹͬһòӾǽӢţú
СŮҲܣȥ˾š
˾֣ҳ˵Ϊʲôܸģš
˾ɾ˴Ųҿ
ҸոտˣǰͨͨķˣκҾǸΣ
˾ͷܲ˵ֻšСڡӵˡ
ÿ˸֣ȴƲԼӣʱͬСŮһֱֱ䡣
λӱιҩȻҩЧѾãʱɫá
СŮָĶͷƺܵϤϢ˯еȴüͷ
룬۳̬ƹ޶Ѳ֮ʲôǣ
˼δ䶨ԺͻȻһλ档
ǡԤ֪ʱռСŮ壬ͬͨеĹϡ
þҪ¶Ȼı
λŮȻͨξԤ֪δ
ǾزصĿͷô仰
ζѭζȥΣȻ
þԼץסĹؼһǣҪЩξȥǱ̽
ֻǴʱƺɲֻܱȿСŮһһεԤ֪λӸף˳ϯ
㱼䣬ӻס˵̬ת˽ӵסλڻǸᶨɢųϢ棬ȴֺá
ҲŨصϯţ׹µ˲䣬ξ


17 
ɫ΢΢͸Ŵķ϶
ôдŴ
ƽ˰ΣյĹξеԿý֣ȴģֻ˴ȥǾ顣
ǰֻЩֿڵķʱŵ
֪̽ξƿξӶԤ֪δ
˼Ĺϵطȴã
ֱƹķţ㱵طͬȥţʼյ̽á
һ飬Ǿӿ˼֡
Ź˵òžûʹŵԴ΢תЩתöˡڰͷĪ˼˦ߵ˵Ĵš
ǹ֣⻧˼Сӣջ̵̻úܣŵСҲء
ö⣬С˾ͱɫ˰ΣŲΡΡؽȥͨ˼ҡ
ûǾõȣƬ̣˼ˡ
˼һĻм̱
ǻǼû£ʲô˼ҪȥЩ˺ӵ˼ҡˣҽǴȥ
˼ҼΪõ飬ⳡϾѿ˿ҪԺͬȰ
ƹƺЩſڣò֪ΪƽƤˣȻһǽտɲͬ˼ҳġ
һƹ϶˸ǰղŴǶϰõ
һ꣬ð亹ôܱԼССסͽ˰ɡ
ȥϱһ˿̣ȴδҲ˲ö룬ȥϸȰο˼ңԼ˷⡣
¼ҲʶԼĳ嶯ˣʱ侲õĻϸ˽ȥȻЩ죬ȴ˳˳ؽӭ˽ȥ
ڻ·˲ѾǶȲϹģڳȴû˼ȥãֻƹƽеƿƷƷ㡣
ܿ¼ҵСӾﱧţ
ĺͯδӰ죬Ϊ⡣ʱ۾¶ش͡
ҹķ֣ѵ򴽣ǰ˾ģʾｫСӱýЩ
СϲƯƯȻҲ⡣ôսСӿЦСҲʼ㵸ֽϹŵĽ춯
һ߹ЦݣϸضСѣһ֣СӵĶͷ
ˡ
һ˲ֻԺһƬʹ漴ӿ翵ĳ
û뵽γԣȻЧù˲ϸֻסԼŬԺеƽ
ع񣬶ðϸܵĺ飬СȻһСͷ
ƹʧǵӣָ֡Ĵ΢Щų׻
²˼ĺʱŷԺӿģ棬ͬ¼ҵķϸ̸ѯЩϸڣϸϸһҪЩơ
Ǵӳ¸ʱסƹұߵ䣬ԼЩȻڵƹͬ˵飬㲻Ҫ¡
Եδþͼ˵
ҺԼ֪̽˵ξ
˵꣬ɫ֣ص̧ۣȴԷĻӦ˭֪˰죬ƹֻƺЩߣȴ˿ûҪڵ˼
Ȼ漴뵽Լƺ˸æˡ
ƹŻ˿ڡ
̸̸ǾưͱȽϺ𣿡
þЩ˼ʱﻹǹŷŵҪ£ͬʵʵ˵㷽̲סˣһͬ˼ҳˣǰѾƽױ临
˵ԼúգֺԭⲻǸʱ䡪
ƹֺЦ˦һ䣺
Һʱҹˣ
סϸŷ֣ǡ
ӲˣֻԼѲɻʲôŴúͬһȴҪ¡
ϸ˵˵ƹǣ˻˶ֲʲô龳ʲôĸо
þʵЩξĻƬͬ˵ˣἰǾزء
֮ǰϰǾ飬ǲ֮ͬǰǸŮйϵ
ƹĬ΢΢˵ͷ
þͼǾͶˡҲ֪һǲͬϰĶйأȷʵܹ֪ЩܽѰҵͻƿڡ
ƹĬȻƬֹ̣ˡԸ⣬ξΪеش֪̽ξӿ̽Ԥδ
۾
Ȩ㡣ƹʱ֣ؼˣӦ֪ѡôҲܴᷢĸı䡣
û룬Ͼ
Ǻܿ˾
ǾԿɣȻȥþӣ
ƹ͸ӼˣͺԽʱĹ˸Զһ˭
ӵɫδ̫ãͱٴǱ
Ƕһͬ۷ס
·ϣýյĸ޾ϸض¶
ʱڸͬӵʱҾ͸оǱʶ˵䡯ڿӦǵܵĸоϺˣȴǱξ
֮ȥļ˼ңȻΪ·ļʱ䳤̲һвֻͬҪСӳõ֮׽ˣϸ΢ĸо
룬ż˵ȻϣһΣҲЩͬǾز֮ϵ
ƹἰһΣɫ΢΢Щ仯ȴûϸʡ
Ժͬ뿪ʱûзֱ糿δĲ軹Сϣžһ⡣
þֱԼӣȥȡξƹȴ΢ɼü
µĽʧˡ
˵Խº󣬿Գ֮ã赲һΪ˳룬ҶͼǿдŶ˺ֻµٶȻ󣬾˸СĿ
Ȼʱ⴦羹Ϣسˡ
ǱˣΪܲ³һھѪôã׾ٽ˽ֻ˭
ɫࡣ
Щ˼ǲķƬ̵ĹѾžӳˡ
֪ǲڴйξܣξʱŵղͬɢŻ⡣
ƹ֪ξʱ
ɫʾܸ֪ķʽһ
ùӦãգգ۾־ЩŸĶ
Ĵ΢ڸһ¶ȵϺʯȴ޴ӹ˼ֻ̯ľ档
ܵξϢͣԺе˼Ҳʼҵӿͬ˵ξʱо޶
Ȼȴδκα仯ϤƬŨʱһػתš
ɻϸ˼ʶȴͻȻһȥ
ոսĸ֪˳ȥ


18 
ֻһ˲ͬʹǹҪһʱܵһҲݾܾ
۾д⣬ƹ
ƺһЩ뷨ȴֻһϸ΢ͷһʱ޷ɳϸͷ
˽Ҫͷȴʧˡϸüëƹ˵
ƹҲüƺΪλ
˳Ĭκ󣬻ٶȿڣ˾
޷˼ȥһ˸ӵԺӣӴһС׽ˣǼұϾĿǰµġ
δ£ԺͷȴͻȻ˼е
ԺյˣҲǽŽշ飬֪˶ֻǧ
ʱԺֻˣŵͣƬ̣һʱӦҲ٣ƶؼš
ͬƹһۣȥš
ԺǸ˸ϵĴ¡ʱλֻʣĽ˳ҵ˾ǡ
ǿڣλմ޵Ĺ¾˿ڣ̬ȹſ
λүмһ˸ϣǶλ㣬Ϳɡ
ҪӦãƹȴʣʲô£
޹ϾֵϸۣŴսЩСصǸϵСһˣ
Ȼƹɫȴ˼˼
Ÿ·ϣ޹²ϸǽ
ԭ糿޸Ĵűߵˡ
ŵС˷һ򿪴ţƼǼҶյģұȫҲûҵСӣһõôⱻڴŵʯ⣬־سҭš
С˶ʱһȴκӰֻøϽСӱȥ˸ү
ʧԵĺĪͻ£˷ΪкĿģһ˶ʧСӣǼϲ£˭֪СԴӽ˸ﶼǸջԡ־壬һ˳Ĵ򣬶˵Ȼ
ۼźӵүǰ̽õƹö
£ɵȻ¼Ϊ͵Ѱ˼Ҳ֪ٹµϢʵϣЩİŴ弰ٻ˼ҶŲǳģҲΪ·Ϊ
ɽĴڴ֮һ
ƹŰݷʱδݣүҧҧ뵽Ҫ鶼زҲʶ֮ңΪӦΪ
ʻüһġ򣬶˾͵˴޸
һпֱӽСڵԺӡ
ԺһƬˣǰǼҲУһΧżλҽߴİף٣һ̽Ų֢໥⣬첱Ӵ֡
ʱˣǱ㱻ͶȥĿ⡣
ͬƹȴ˼ǣֻ޴ţֱڣȥ鿴Сӵ
ҡС۾գԭǺӴʱ΢΢Źϣʶţˮǣ̽ȥһģС˶̵ģŸաһԵĸ˴£ȴòˣýĨᣬǴ޷ˡ
˳΢΢⣬˾ȥͬϸţһߣóλ
ƹ߽Щָ֣£̽СӵŰߴüָۣ΢΢ָ˾ǣһ΢ɼ
߶
Ҳͨ߶˼ڳ˶ӣδֱԡ
˱һþˣʱһӿ޳
⣬ô죬λӣЩ˳λˣа취Ⱦ
ƹüˡ
˾ӵˣֻ˲ҡлԵСӡ
ƹ˾СΪ߶СüͷϣƬ̣СӵɫۿɼرúһЩ
¶ϲ֮ɫ̽⣬Ȯǵþ𣿡
˼״Ҳʱֹס˳ҭ
ƹȴҡҡͷ
ֻʱסˣѰԴͷſɾ
꣬ٴĿֻϸϸ˼
³СĺӣݻԣضǱͻģͺӻҲ֪˷ͻأΪ
ã΢΢ͷ
þ׹򴽣ϸ¿޵ñеĸ˺ڰĸ˿ڣܷҵ
Ƕ˾̧ͷϸϸ
ǸòСɫﻹŲ֪µĴ¶Ҳ֪ʲôͨ
ƳһԵƹԣɫҲ糣úܣ˾ҧҧ¶˾ġ
ã㡣
԰գԲһͷķ˳ȥˡ
Ŵعϣ⣬һöɵľӡ
΢΢üĿ̬ƸԾ΢΢̵СӶ䡣
ϤӿȻϰ࣬δңֻȫڿֵܳĸӦϡ
ЩԭƮĸӦʱʵõԺл۳ʵĻ棬ͬʱξҲ˷ӦЩʵʵط
Ƽһ˫۾ɫĹǰʱ׼ܳҧһڵĶߡ
˫۾ԶЩ¶űסףȴƺűס˻˻Ц
øЩƼһ£ŷɫƣﱧŵʲôڵϡ
΢΢׵ĽֵžǸĴſڡ
ô˿ٽ˼̽˵㣬ٿȻһת
ǳƺһѨڣԼˮε죬խĿռ﷢ƵĻ졣ұϳʪʯ̦ɫ޶˾䡣
ٿȻϸĺͯ𣬾ǶˮΣһ˲ը˱صĿ׶ļС
ñ궯濪ʼҡΣֻԼѪһأɭɭ׹¹ǵɹǣ֡
ӽǿʼתӹïʢǵĶڣ˳ɽ
ߣֻջʶ
һɿС˯֣;εü޷վ֮һ˫֣ȷסһԵ¡
Ͼ˼磬ֻܱĿ
֪ȥ˶ãԼƺһܻ۾
һۣƼƹվǰȥ̽Ķͷ
˲ЩЩЩ㿴𣿡
ƹšһͣƬ̣ȷްջجڼҵ˵
ҷųȥ̽һ˺ԵϢδĨȥ
ѵǹģȻ漴뵽ʲôֵǷ֪̽Ļ棬ʧĺǡ
׶༪١
Ͻ֯ŻȻ벻̣ĻǱһ˿δ˵ꡣ
ƹͬɫء
ֹˣ˷Ϊǡ
ָĪͻĸӣһ
һ·µϢָ档̯еĵͼԾ޳ָһ㣬ϣʢǵģֻһ
ɽ


19 
ˡ
Ѱŵ⴦ĶѨϣïʢ߶ҩǣϲշתȴʳΪɾꡣ
һβǧļ󣬿ʳ׵ĺͯУա
˻һǰЩӣλһЩͨǰԳոȻνôϲ
ҹҹɫУǵһ˻һλݡ
ǵǷϢǷɼ˼ģΪ֮ﻯɵģȴɾ͸Ϣ
ǷϢʮǰжʮһݣӺܵİˡ
ΪѪ飬Ҳǳ
һλͨ͵ŮȴѰŻᣬҵ֪Եɽڷꡣ
ӣòᣬ̣ͥ򨲿۾λýϳҪߣʵǵ¶һЦǵյĸչ¡
ذŪŲ̤İ׹ǣĵصȴʢġˡ
ǰʮһǲݾҪԡһڼ졣һ壬Ϣĸ֪һѰǲݣʹΪǲ
ʮǰһ걻˶ߣûʲô󰭣ɺİУʱʳ˹ĺͯѪ˻ħʹ֮ʣƫֻôһǲݾ
һβƯĸûаĽѣȴһе˵ݵŮͷϡ
µһ꣬ȻҲ˽ȵǡ
ǲһ·׷ȥȴ֣ժ֮ˣͬʮǰλŮµĲ֮ͬһˡ
ζСؿ̽ŷ֣λŮҲ˷䣬ͬλ˹ϸ
֮Ĺϸ𲻸Ȥֻ֪Լ𼴽ñԳûŮ꣬ԼΪ
׽ֻجΪʳĲע߶䷢˿ȥǸ˵ע⡪֪λһ޵·ӣЩͨǱϾ已̥ȻȲǧȾѪĵС
Լšı岽ĵزܽ߶ĶԾ׼ѹƵҪĳ̶ȣƩֻò񷢿ֻǷСԡ
뵽ƵЦ
ãáҽи岽ˡ
۽ƲѪ۾ʳϿݹǵĲ۵ЩͣһȷɨֻڰͰŻѪܿûϢ
岽ջ֣ϸβָȦɫĻƣһȦһǧΪ
ϸϸȦղųĻã¶ɫ
ôຢͯڰǷ˵һȲǰµĳɹϲˡ
ֻǴ˴νż󣬹СΪṩκνˡ
䣬ƹǺˣȴתһ롪ֻҪٵλŮĻǣ֮ȥǧ궼ýΣοնһβ͵ķˣҲմЩɼϢ
岽ֿ˿һԣչԵǲݣƺմЩ޵߽Ѫ⼫ˡ
Ǳʻ
ţ͸ܵ˿дϢڶ뵶ʪˮУԡ
һԭڹ䲻䣬ݷŵȴ˽롣
һߣƹһ·ѭֵһεĶǰ
⴦ڱİɽǰ˴ƬǲݣҶƬͬҵ㣬̽˷
ƹŽý⽫סڵĲҶѹ˼֣͸ܵй궯֮
ǹϢ궯һ£ͺ侲ݷȥƹȴЦһ
δֽһָһĴ˲ϯߣˮƵһɶ
ȼ˰յĹ򣬾𣬴ʱϸȥڱߵһ˿ľδ˼ڵȴһա
һЩܻĹЦӶڴЦһīɫӰ޹ǰҷ
Ǹ岽
ʱϻܼۣȴƱһ㣬ЩڣطЩסһϯ
ʱĿ˿ڣ˻ȴת˼Ƿ
ڰűˣﵹѵñƵ̨ǰ
ͬһ㣬ʪɨĶˣһתÿࡣ
鲻ӣǧ̫ʧ
ƹȴ£ֱֱеĳĽ⣬̳ϸܽ֯岽ڵķǵضȥ
岽״ӦѸ٣ؿŤ⣬ɫȴ˼֣й򿪿ڵΪ޵֮ǹ䣬˷Сˡ
ƹΪĻĿͲ׽ȥһУȻĽֽ׷ϣǷֺá
岽նԼβʱҲһɱϵģƫƫĽɣçײ˼ģʵǸΪѲĶ֡
岽ȴżֻţɫȴǻתɨŨܵڣƺѰʲô
˼ʮͯ޲ǰµˣʵǾһЩʱȻƹľɽƵ㣬ȴ
һʱֲ£Ѱһ˶ܵĵطɵԾ֦ͷһסԼϢ
ԺʱͬƹƶõļƲߣʱҲżֻĵصȴʱһٻķߣξ֮ꡣ
ʱ֮䣬ԭï֦Ҷ䣬Ųϵ£ɨÿһݷŹĽ䡣
ƹƺҲͼһֱֱһߵ۾
ʵ򵥵һȴ̺Σ޿ɱܡ
⼴ն֮ʱȴͻȻͫף˷ܵţٵŤת˷ȥˣֻ۾ǱնһԴ
岽ȴ˲ǱѪ˫ֻۣٿȴҵˡ
ҪΣǰȴȳֱֱɫȻһʱ޴Ӷܡ
˵Ŵ߿ڣ¶ҺļƵ˫ĿѱѪȴֺӰֱ淽
ñֻܾǿؼԺлЩ֮»ͼǿнǰͻľߵξ
ζѭζȥΣȻ
·Ҫ֮ľأķȴϯš
Щʵر۾Ԥеʹȴδֻжһ춯ƺʲôϸǵߵĹ
ƸƤȴ֣ʶҲξʵĽ֮䡣


20 
Ȼ統Уͬס˰ۣȴܸܵŵɢ⣬ǰΪηۡ
ǿǳǰƹҵϵģȥʱ滹մȾ¶ȡ
ǳ֮ǰʵִġ
˵Ҫͬǰȥɽ
ƹѵüͷɫֺ࣬ãڳ
ȴֺãҿʲôģҲǺô
̬ȼᶨ棬³çһʱƹͲüֻüͷ
ֲƬ̣ٶȿڵξ֮ܿǳġ
ǻʱͼʳϢĲ佲
ʶ亹ͷȴԾɱ侲ʱ˼Ҹбȥˡ
ƹֱֱȥڵҿնֻΪԼ֣ŻжȲ¶
ɤϸ˷ѿڶĻȴ
ƹ߾ͣϡ
ã΢΢ĿԾȡһú׹ŵӨ壬صشĲϡ

ʱֵѾ¶ȲצҪǰ˫۵Ĺȴǧһ֮ʣһĪ
öɢķĩ˵㻪⣬ȵƯû˿Ҫµļ󣬾ǸһƬʱ޷ֵ
ĸ岽սӣһʱãֻգܻġ˻˻󣬾ͽĿͶƹ
ƹ״ȴ˹ƣֻŽԭ۹ơ֪öĹãȻγɽ赲һʱΣգȴϮʱֻܿȥ˵ļƻˡ
岽ܿͷĹǣҪתȴ᲻ýߵġֻڽ⣬Ķõ˵Ķ
һʱֲ£˫Ŀȴڻ֮У̧һֻ֣ңңָ˵ףָ㣬ڴ˿̳ɹΡ
岽ǧʹⲨµĴŴ߿ڣ¶źĶ忪ʼŭŤ
׹֮ʣǸʪǷŭԼĶߣڵʣ뿴Ҳ֪
ΪҪ谭У
ΪҪӹ⣿
һ£ȴԼסʶƺɶ
ۣǰһʪĶѨʯϲ̦޺ڱïʢס˴룬͸չ⡣
ӦŶѨĹߣʹһɨصĿݹӳΪ˵ǣЩʻ¾ɵĹǼ㣬ǻδĺͯ
֮ҪˣȴһƮҲԼĿƣֱֱѨƮȥ
һʹļٿȻıյĶڻӣֱֱҪ˵ǡ
סϸȥƣͿ˻εĸ岽һβ֮ر任ĸߡ
ĸ߳˫ʱ仯ʱ¶ϲ˺ɫĽ磬Ѫӿʵʣۼ߻ħˡ
˻άԭ̱ڵأ岽ſ첽ǰ§ס
ʱĻģ§һԼĪ׳ߣ˵̬رƣ԰׵ָḧѪ۵ͷߺɫƬϵĵϣڸοƣİˡ
Ϊļѡ·ӣΥ׳ѰķŶҪ࣬͸Ǽá˻Ƶ͵š
βѾƣߵ߹Цһͬ³ԣȴǲʣͲҪ𣿡
岽ʵһ㶡
Ȼģﵫһ;û˲᲻һĽݡ
Ƽ𣬵ǲݵӰĸ߶϶ţǷޱߣˣ;ˣҲΥ
岽ԣɫ˲дŭ⡣
ǲݣԼİҲ߻ħʹ࣬Ҫˡ
һԿ˰Σ׹ԭǲݾȻĹЧ
ǲ˼䣬ƫƫԳ¶Ϊֻ˼֮ϢǰĸߣУһʳͯۼ߻ħ޷ľƺֻзǲݲǿѹڱϢ
ǲʮһǰǾҳڶˡ
βĸϢ΢Ź۱ûҰޱȣҲӲһɹɵӿ˺ϵѪҺѶ£ڳʪĵ滺ۣûصĲ԰׿ݹǡ
üͷҡҡͷ
岽ǽԹȫλݵСŮϣδǣһѡԺͯʱˡ
Ϊ㵽Լͷϣ룬ΪϰλСŮµزأͬԨԴմȾξϢա
ͻȻ򡪡
һβǧξִԹǨŭ
ʱҪξʶȴܵһ޶˵ƺͬξ˵ڵͬԴԭ岽Ҳ󵨵ؽʶͶƬ֮У׷
ͻȻЦЦųʵ΢ŵҲ𽥾ξе±۾ɵزٿξͷȥ
岽ֳʶƺȥ⣬׺ݵ׷ȴξıԵδϣʵʵص˻ȥʶܵش
´жĿȨ͵˫ۣлš
ηۻĻȥۼžҪɢˡȴæǻ󣬳ƹķ˸ơȾԼõģһ׵ֻһһɵķƵĿ϶ֱֱ׹䡣
Ǿ޴ĳ״ͷڰĿѣͱת˲ƽն˸͸
ɢȥڰнֱƬ̣Ҫˤȥ
Ҳ׹ţȻ׼˵طв㸲ǵïֲˤʵ׼
׹Ĺ̲˲Ϣ֮䣬סͷȴûиܵԤеʹһʵĻ
֮˻Ƶ
øϽ˻סͷ˫֣ǸҪ̽ͷȥԴ
δǰһһֻ΢΢͸޳ɾ۾ӹ΢ͳϢסɽּŨѪζɷǺš
ȴ㶣漴ȥֻסԼ˫۵֣죬֡Ҫۿܷģ
ƹ
ֻƯ־Ͷ˶٣漴˳ӵط
þͿǰͬƹߴʱϲ˱̴ѺۣźϵѪϢ΢Ǳ̬֮
̾һͬƹ򵥽ǰεļš


21 
δ˵ϼ䣬ű˻˿ڡ
ΪǱ޹𣿡
һĿɲӣû뵽ȻܳȻؽתϡ
ʱϢ΢ڵϣɫ类ѪǣƲΣڵԹߣȣʮǰȿȣΪ˾Ұݣôĳ档
ɻƬ̣ͷӦǽϳСŮƹϳŮеλӡ
ü˼һƬ̣Ҫƹȴһڣɱ޹¾飬³˳Ӧ
ȴЦһЩڼ֮˲òȻ֮
ʮຢͯȫǶ
ЩǸñծǵծ˭Ӳ˭Ӳ
³ԹĻƻعⷵһ㣬ҪŤȴվߣûϢ
ᵽʮŸӣǧֵֹ
뵽þ;úЩأ׹Ǧ
ʱ鳾䶨ǳ˽ˣǰһʱ鼱±ԺнźӿŵһҶҲķ̫ź֪طӦЩ뵡
ΣعüѽӲʬСƨã
ڷй˳࣬Ա߻иƹæȥʱΡ
ȴɫǺܺãԭҲǷصģֻǴ˿΢ͷɫ˼֡
žһĳ׵䵽ʵ
ֻ뵽ǴɽĶѨһصǣ˷עȾ˳صɫʣҲԻһĻ롣
߰ɡԸٿǾĿȫ״˵ʬֻ˳ƹӡ
šƹ͵Ӧһ
ȻǣЩʬǡЩǻؼҡ
칫ưõĴ꣬Ѫˢʣ
ǶڱмžҲ⡣
ƹֱȥСӵԺӣⶾƫ˴޸Եʼĩϸϸ˵
˵꣬š
һʵںҡ
˽ڣһҼž
ϲɫĴ޷ˣָмؽƹƫҪͬ޴˿ڣȴԷصذ˰ֽ˻ȥ
ү޷һ⡣
޴ȴٿĿȻúƹڵһΪʮٰͯһ¡صɥ£ȰȫǰΪǷɥ䡣
޷ⷬɫͲ̫ˡ
үôСŸҪմȾЩ֪ᡭδ˵꣬ͱ޴ŭϡ
ˣѾֲ๡Ȼ䣬ʱڣЩɫ
ƹĬȻƬ̣һ񣬵˸塣
ͬһˣ뿪˳
ǻŵԺӣЪϢһڶվҪ̳
ʱװ磬ƹȴ˸ӡ
źӵɫ£ͬնЩӵʬһ㡣þûжʣһѹͺõ
ֻܿˣԵЩյ
ԺǿӲݵ¶
ˡݣ㲻׼𣿡
ƹ΢΢ҡͷڵĵطɣ˳Ȼ
¶صͷʵǻó𣿡
ƹɫѱ棬üĿʹЩ۽ͶһƬӰߡ
Ⱦ͹ͺ˵ġ͵ԭλͬҪͬеġ
ָĦϽ籧ֻСӣ˼ֱ⣬ȴǺܿջ֡
ڲ²Լ˼죬ȴ֪ȰοֻһߣԼ
ÿ˰ɫ׵͸żִ̹ǵĺζ
Ķͬ˴磬ɥ˺ӵĸĸǸͷ޵˺ѷΡ
ǵİУǳ뿪ǡ
˷һ··;ңԶҪϴ£ֻװУ·ֻʳˮԴȱƷͣнÿϼ֡
һ·˿գۼҪٽɽĵؽˡ
һ·ƽ̩Ȼ;յĴ֮δڳжͣ˵;òʲô仯ֻǴ𽥿ζĳʳУܵ߸ӳʪȵ
ôʱϣҧһڵɫĵо⣬ͬƬʵأȴ˿
ӦüͬƹŷŵĻ⡣
ӹȥ˼죬ǰȾϵĳص˼֣ǾǶλ⣬ǰƹͬ˵ϲˣȥǵаġ
Ҳ⣬벻ͨ۶ϵǸϸĵо⣬ִֵƹ
Էȴɫ̫ˣûҪȥ׮׮͸
þǣ˰ܺǵ顭
ƹ𣺡Ρ޵·ӣЩãͬкηֱ𣿡
죬òϣ˵ȷʵе
ƹ˵ˮֵ䣺οҲǷҪƾЩаֶβҲвǱƻܹµġ
ګګŶһӹˮݵߣͻȻҵһ£󣬳˽
æҵؽ豭ȣ̽ȥʳ
壬ʲôѽ
λʽպΣʮͣųֺʵϳĿڱҲһһĺáʱæҲЩ˼óѯʣæܾˡ·úõģܳСѾͷ˵ˣֻøæͣ¡
˵գɫΪѵָָ·롣
һƣúõĹٵվ˸ʮƯС˸Ƥ˫٣۾һ漴ЦЩɵ
þ͸ɴССôɲȫŶ
С￪˿ڣŴŴֲͦϲֻƯ㣬ԲסҪȥɽܲūһѽ
þЩȻô֪ȥɽѽ
СʱǲɵˣֺֻõЦŵȴӦūòá
üƯɰֻΪ·ЩƾɣЬҲĥ˵ףϢȻ죬ȴûаֶаͺƢشӦ
С˳ϻиˣǲ⣬ֻϵĸʱֱۣƺҪˮ
ðúЦͽӳǶƣʾԣóһֻ豭Щˮš
Сʱ˷ץصлֶյţǲ⡣
ĵصԱ㣬ֵɾС죬źʵ㻹ûиңô֪Ҫȥɽѽ
лҪ˵
Ȼ룬Ҫqaqء


22 
С˸ıöͷϾȻΡΡֻë׵ĶСǺꡣ
ɫ־˼֣ΡΡָָԴϷСɻһź͸գæ˼ؿڵūǼ컨µС꣬ƽﰮռЩӦʻЩ֬ˮۣ˷ҪԶЩطıų²óȻλĳݡ
Сģʱתתתƹֽ͵ūϢԶŵλɳϵϢԡ
һͰ͵ģĪҪ
óγУ׹ħĴ˷ǵһμ˴ƿɰСøС
ͬСһ𽫿ĿͶƹ
ƹʱǲֻƳǶ䶼ڲסСһۡʱƼд˰еĿ⣬Цһп޵صһ⡣
һ·ڶ˸˷˲٣۾ͬС̸
Ск컨ģСʵҲпĵˡ
ֻߵƻµ·ӣΪüЩ˻ЩСͬʮСûʲôֱ
þѽΪʲôҪȥɽأ
˫ۣͷд˲⣺ȥū֬ѽ㲻֪Ǹɽµĸɽľ֬ˮ۵ˡ
þЩȣ治֪
ǰƯƺ޵֪֮٣ʱ˾ͷͬ˵˺Щ;еļźӣֱԼڸǹǷ죬Ŀͷ˯˹ȥë׵С仹ǲǻζ¡
Ըع۲һЦתͬƹ̸
Ȼ˿ɰ껯εԭӵ𣿡
ƹ̧ۣһ۶˯ùֱСѵЩ
ӦҲټ⡣
գգֿۣһС꣬Цʱҵͬǰ۶ˣƶǲƾһŶۡ
˵۹⻹̫Ƭ棬ֻԼͨͨаħ
ƹ΢΢ӦĿϡ
þͳԴ˻⣬һ·ɫöˣû˸ճʱʾҲԵǧƪһɣʮȤ
ֽתƹϡ
˵ǰһΣûϸ˵ǹϴδĹ¡
ϸϸ˵Ƿȷʵˡ
ƹȴΣŵûзһҳ
þƬ̣ûʲôӦʵ֪Ůλӣͬ㵹úܣԸ̫һ
ƹڴ̧ͷͫȴЩſա
΢΢𴽣ƺЦһ£ȴֵĮúܡ
𡣡
üĲɣɻֲһ䡣
ɺϡ
һ׮һ׮ûйȥЩ⣬ʱѵõӱܣ˿
Сʱ͹ԹߣһĻûӣȴҲɣᷳ
ʵԼҲû˼طꡣ
һʱԼ۵ѹס˾ֻ̽ͬյദȷǰķСԼ˼ĺӡ
һԼΪʵ֮ģ˵ǲΪһִġŵ߸߸˰ظִ̫̾ĲʵʵǱޱֱġ
Ϊκö˶˵Ůữˣ뽫·;ȥɽһ̽ǰǷʺŻȻ򣬺Ϊ
Ϊ
˷أط죬취Ȼû޵֮˲ϤЩ־ȻֱžЩĵ˾ӡ֤
ҲƣΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽν
ĵƹĿһֳֻ°ͣڳҡпҪ˯ŵĹ
ִĵģҲΪһ֮ĳ֣㶯ҡĵģ񣬾ٴϣʹִĵġ
ջߣ΢΢ĿзӿͨͨѹĵףԼ̰
һչȥŶֻÿʵС飬һ·϶ǻЦΧӾߵøЩ
תǾɽµĸɽ
ɽɽƸߵʹ£ҲǱһ񡣴˵زشƫԶֵ̺úܣǵʱ䣬̣ǷϢ벻ԶصĵɽӳʲôΥ֮С
ӣŷ֣м֬ˮӾӶ࣬ٴξ޳зеƯഺЦš
ЩȣһԵĺ컨ϲҡ˵ص֬ˮ⻹ǡʢúܡֻǲ֪ΪλôԸƫƧСѽ
컨˫аĺۣ΢΢ͷõǶΪ˸ɽϵĿɳѽ
ֵó׳Ծˡ
ɻ󲻽ĿͶƹͼԷȻǲԸȴ΢΢˵ͷ϶˺컨˵
ԭɽĹزֹ޵֮˳ɼңֻǶ޵֮˲ѡ񱻷סֽţԸǱɽȻƫƫɽԶҹӶǰ˴ɽţѰʵȻЩòĹɽµоۼеΪһ޵֮˵֣еΪѰ÷
ֱ࣬档
С컨ͬǴ˱𣬺һýԼҪʱپ۾ۣŵС֬ˮ۶͸á
һͷõ㣬Ҫġū֬ˮǶõģο㻹˹ˣȻ±Ůӱȥ
ã
Сã͸ɴˣǧλɳĹߣҪū˵ǿ˽㣬ԵŮӣǶ۹⣡
ˣڵغ͸һ
Сȴٶ࿴ƹһֻۣΰŴװͷķ羰ʵҪ磬ϵ¶
ЩӾʱҲӹƹĹϵ
ʵҪʶûжʱգֻǲؾ;ͬ׽ȻĪ׽ҲԵɡ
ƽĶۣϲģοദ֮ʱǲ¶һЩ뵽ǱҪ޵֮·ģȻ˵޵֮ҲǲܳףɱϾסǵĲЩ
ƹᣬĳͣҲһȻ֮ġ
ž;Щã
ķ΢΢ʪ¶ȣգϵ¶Ȳȵĺܡ
ȴںᴩһС󣬾ĵͣɽ¡
λĿĵصϳĺѡ
þջ˼Լİͬƹһ
ǰûΡȻɽš
ɽ·޵òֻһӵĻСԱһмƾɵС;ڵ·һࡣ
лҪ˵
룬ܵĵˣˣ


23 
ֵѦɽŵֵϲĲ¡
һֱɽΪβͬһ㣬޸ɵɽţǰôһƵĲˮӣǲЩͬĵùӸš
ɵԼɽ죬ǲ㱻ô᳡ȰˡҧҧɽܽӴɽ̣ûʲôǵŵ
ԭҲôĵġɽӶǳֿݵĹӣɽµĸɽϾ;ۼ˺Щɽȥһǵķɡ
ԴϻأµĹŵɽһݺݺ࣬۾Χӳɳ̵ģò֣ȻλʦȴǸɽһǲһһֶȺ绨ĹǣָȺɽŵĵ˸ӡ
Ժ󣬾йɽŴˡ
Ѧ̾˿
ôһͬŹûʲô˻ɽҪһһҹһֵʦֲֵȥҲûӣǾĵһŲ¡
ѦһɣȳһǣûüĿһͷĳ
ΪλͬŹˣתһ룬ûĸͬŻֱɽţʹӭͷûͷƵ̱š
нŲЩ߽˲ˣһȣһɻãи
Ѧ˵㾫Ҫȡ¸ȣ¶һ˫۾Ƽǰ˿ľƵơ
ľƽƽ棬Ѧȴŵһ飬һͦվ
ʦ֡س˹żæŵԼѹ·
˵ܲٲܲٵŻλʦֵ֣˾͵˸ǰ
ѦǸҰиɾĺӣӸЩûʲôëΪ⣬ҲɽźǱһ󱧸ġ
ֱλ˵еıΪŵӵʦ֣֪ǰ˲һɵӲеСӹŰˡ
ǲȴȲλʦ֣ʦΪ˵ദƫƫСλͬǸߵһôЩ
һ뵽Լ⸱ģʦֿȥԺ˫Լ龳һ£վֱЩŲ̧ͷ
һ̧ͷȴʦƣɫǰ࣬̽һЩСԴλƯĹ
Ѧ۾һĵÿǺÿһҶüӣϿεıӣһá
Ƽʦ־ȻǹﳶԼӣĿе硣Ѧһ⡣
üһײλʦ
Ҵģټĸɽϣδ˼ʦ¶⸱顣
ʵ̫ѦǴһֱ˿ڡ
Ÿɽϰɡ
æعګګӦźãתȥͨѶõֻֽֽײΡΡߣüӦȥű߰
ʦλƯ˲ɽ·ߡ
ƹ㵽жưСţɤɾ˵ζ
Ѧ룬룬ǿɶأɽһĵλʦͣͨķûʲô谭
Ȼ䵭ʦ֣ȻλĻ䷳ؽƶݸһ
üһ
Ѧ̧죬̫ö˶˹ţʱ֣ţʵʵ򶫱߳ɡ
Ѧ廹ûϾȵ죬ͻȻðһЩ˷ܵ뷨
룬λߵʦֱɵĹ˷ģʹ׹ʮɺ쳾һ;ϸϳӶŻʶӢţɾһҵ
Ѧ˷ܼˡ
һᣬñƹһ·ɽȥɽͷǰҰȻʣƮ죬пɽĹ֮µĵ·Ҳʼÿɽ·ΪŲʯשʯףɽ֮ҲשߵĴС
ɽĹû紫ŵǰϿҲʡһ·Ǿżĵ棬ԷʹΪƹ󻹴λŮӶеȣЩȴҲֻǼ۵ף׷ֻͬƹʺãû˭䡣
ԽߣĲַԽɢһһңң֮䣬ĵҲԽԽ١һֱ˷嶥һƻֺĴȻǰ
ηʤ⾳Զĵľǰͷ·̽Ѱһλ˵Ŀ㣬ΪֹȻ
ƹǰߵţ䣬վԶЩš
Ƭ̣ھʹһߵ϶ׯſյĻ졣
ա
ӦյĴչڶǰ
ùɸƹ߽̬ǫ͹ȴ¶ӡ
һλ׷࣬ºۼݺᣬȴڴȰ֮࣬ɫϼѣǸɽԪ
ԪԼĵһ񣬺ͷŵСҲģѧһϵûжɫ
ƹԪ˽һ߽Щһѳİ׺ӣмָĪ⡣
СǸӡ
÷Ҫڣȴ˰֣ЦеشĪ
ָһ㡣
ҲǵһĵõˣʱΪһԣһػƹȻ˷һͨ㣬ɫȴԽԽɻȻ
СԭҲ½ı˸߰㣬̫ˡʲôϡŹֵ
˿̣ЩƹλСǰͼˣҲʲôͲ˵ա
˼˴Ԫ˿˰š
Сɽס£ɺã
¶صͷӦ£л
תƹƹλﰲ׵ڼҡ
ƹӦˣóȥסϸϸĪҪǡ
»˵ڣ˷ɽľһһͬԪ˽ˡ
ĻԼѵλͬʱԪԭ͵Ҳ¶Щ΢ķŭ뱯
ֽѽն䣬Ÿź룬̾һ׮󹦵¡
ƹ׳ǡ
ſڣƺҪ˵ʲôȴѵԥ
˵ƿ룬ǰλĵִ
ƹĿɫǡ
Ԫ˸ź룬ĿⲢָֻǺصִ¡ֻҪδһ¡
ֺ뵽ʲôٴָƬ̣ȴױɫ
һΣλѹ꣬һ֮˼ң۵׽ʵʵд𾪡
⡢ǡ
ƺ˲˵ܣƫ͸¶˰֡
ֻ̾
ԭˣԭ˰
лҪ˵
Сһ£ԼĹԤաΪ~
רһXǰкճС
SCȻ
Ҹýǵһˡ
棬ֻ¶һ˫Цӱ۲
ȴ֪ǧҸֲ޶ۡݶ֣ΪԼװıɫ
ãӦ˵̤֮ż
ֻϧ⣬˸Ȣ
ⲻ֪ǡǡ⡣
*
ֻϧһպϵͻϣλĽСү
Ĺ˽Сү۷˻һϴգƫƫѰɣԶ֮
ꡰžغȣЦζ
Ȥ
࣬һֽگͽҸ˶ӷˡ
*
Υʥ˵λı˷мֵġ
ǰҹǰü۸Լӡ
̵ϲѾ߽Կȴ˸
*
ˣ˷ˣȨƣһڹĴˡ
ƫƫӢ飬ȢҼҵĽˣ˶
»ҹͷµ¼ﶥǽ壬ȴ޶ã΢ָӡ
ָϸȴߵӣһûմεġӡȴ⣬ڡ
СŶ˷²ż汸һƣΪȢԭǻò
ԭĸ壬ƱҪ»ɾҽȴһ˵ƿڡ
Ŷ˷²ż汸Ƿϴˡ
*
¼붨ӷˣҲҪȡ֡
ƫƫͷţΪ
һ¡
Ϊ׮£ϲأΪѡıֻΪԾͷǡ
֮պյһգ²÷谮Ҳڱ˿ᡣ
̴ž죬ȴ
ôҿ֦ɢҶ˾ְȸҰѷԲˡ
ۣûüӦԼȻηԵĿֻʶƫͷһ䣺Ҳɣ
괹ȥ۵׷ӿ⣬Ц
ţ㲻ɡ


24 
Ԫµ˻˰, ͷһξԼ˵Щ
ⱲӾôϲĺӣʱָԣδζµľ淢, θǽŵòᡣ
ǰһʲĵ, վǴź֮ɫ
δ, ԭעܵõ, 棬ƺǱҲ֪̽ġ
ҡҡͷ, ɫ˻ȥ, ָֻһƽȰ
ΪʦҪչأɽɾͽͬļλʦ干
ƹЩ΢, Ƭ̺Ӧ, иˡ
˴ֱɽȥѰá
ɽĽӵľ, סɽϽĸߴ, Ա߻дõСԺӣ˾סȴҲһֱɨţķ, Ͱסˡ
һֻɢס˼λݽϸߵĵ, ټһԲദ, ͬŵǰݻ, ǰ͹ˡ
Ȼʱ, ƹʯףƹǿʯͦľ, ԶǻЦ
üͷ΢ɼѭԴͷȥһͣýհµԺ⡣
˴ԺΪȻӣԼȻԾ飬ͬľƳɵĴһδᣬֻڷ紵ɹ¶ֹ̡
ýˣͷŮǵЦ̸͸šƹһ˲ָ̧֣ߵԺš
Žлһ٣Ƭ̣žͱһλ̽ӣƼͷ˺󣬼
λĿһȺҲͨģעȴһ˫۾ͷĺúܣ˾Եö˼ֻ龢
Ƿɽйһ֮ԵѦ˭
ѦƬ̣Ӧصغ˴š
ƹ
˭˰Ѧ壬˦ϡô˼ҿ
ԺڴһλӵĴѯʣδ˵꣬ͺƱͣžһOO@@˵ѹǶ
ƹ֮⣬ҲֻȻš
ֹ˼Ϣٴα򿪣˸ĵӣЦţƹʺã
ѦѰ˴䣬ԼĴڸУװģͬʦֵţøˡ
Ȼûλʦֵ³ԹʲôЩɽŵĵǣûһġʱſݹ˵ӣΪλĹӸ磬Ҳвʦʦ˼ͬЩȴ˱ڻ˵ػ֮󣬾˲֪ôشλʦǰȥˡ
ȻѦʱСˣ˼ȴúܡ
ɽֵأƼƹȻλСɽţʱ˼ɽѦҲסˣɷλͬʦżλʦʦý˰ɽλʦԼİ࣬ź̽ʵ
Ϊ˵ʱò¶Ϣʵ֤¶ѶϢһ;˺ЩʦֵܽҪһͬλƹʱɽŵ
һ˷ƺƴȻǴ˷ΪǷðȻʧһ˼ҹʵԺһλžͻƯϲСȻд˺棬ȴǿʴ󷽵һһͬǼ̸Ŷ򣬾Ѿͬλʦʶˣĵġ
ʱԺＸλͬǰʦֵţ˵λõĹﾹмĽ֮⣻ȥЩٻµСǰ߹°ĴʦʱЦͣͬλùŻ˼һͬɽϵмСЦӦˣҲûţЩžɰСһһָˡ
ѦЩˡ
ԼΧЩ˰ЩȻǣֿͷʱ޲ͬСԽƵһŮͻȻŴƹλС̸˼ˣʼֻԼ
ˣá֮Ǵ̽λƯﵽʲôͷͬʦʲôԨԴЩǺͬǴ
Ѧӣŵ׼˵Ժȥ
Ѧ塣
ͷδעĿͱ˸סˡֵһɤͬɽ飬ѹȴԶȻ
Ϊβֵϣȴ˴й䣿
˷ʣͻѦȴͷҲһأֱȥֲҲӦֻһһߺţҴʦ֣֪ˣͻɽȥʵʵš
ƹ״ֻҡҡͷ;ֱȥ˵
ʦչˣڴ˴ס£УҪţøɽƽʲô飬ȥҾͺá
ˣͷ·ۼðԺĿͬƺڡ
ͬŵʦֵǼˣǰƯСλʦִģ֪ʲôϵ˶һۣ˼˴룻ߵļλŮӣвƹЩŮ˼ֻ˶ӣƹúϸضģֻȻ
ϸţ˵꣬ǸȻسͬĵÿĶ˵Ĺ΢Цŵͷʾ⣬תƹĻ
ѽûʲôҪģӦķˣд˾ֱø𣿡
ƹףͬദ޾нɫȻԵõĺܣǿʴϲͳ׷ҲͣͬҴͬŵͷʾһ͸ˡ
ߺԺּžƬ̣𽥻ָǰ֡
벻ʦֻ˺ദһ氡һλôʦ૸̾
ԣգգ۾ƽദ𣿡
˶æصͷ絷⡣
źҪСһЩСʦȴ룬ڵʵҲûжദɣźܲ㣬һʲô鶼䵭ӣҲͲôȥȤˡ
˶Ȼͷȷˡ
ȷ̾ʦʱҲعˡ
Ҳλʦ룬ְϲͬ׹ȴǱ˽ص˻Ҳѹλʦִ˭һԵģҲͨˡ
ͬ˵һλòĹǾȣҪλﵽǺηʥŴˡλͻࡣ
ǰĹģƫúܣ˵ʱ̬棬δЦЦǳǳУҲЦģʱЩССı飬üͷƫƫòˣ̲ס֮׽һС
ʵϲλù̲סȤãôʦִ㵹ǲһѽգգգۡ
Ͼ¶һȴЦŴʦ㣬˵ôšͬܡʦͬˣĸ汲ЩҲ̵һ
ƣСͬλʦĴŻת׼ȷǵԼգָŹԹԽһʦ㣬λϲСʦãҲ֪ˣܲ˻ϲ


25 
Ժеӱʦʦ, ʱһһˣŮΧ˺Щʱ졣
ǰ˵λСЩĵûգСɽĹ¶, ⡱, ӵֻá
ʱõͬ, Ͳס, ˷͸ǵľСС
СС컨ʱ͸õЩʻƵ֬
֬ð״ɵСʢţһ򿪸ĺŵƮɢ, ͷĸɫӨ, մһֱƿ˳ú, ɫҲý, ŮȻߺ졣
һŮʷ갮ͣƼ˸ֵúܣӻֱˬЩѾڿ佱, ˳Ե˵ĺûɫ
׸ڷĽ֮, ҲǼƷ֬ˮۣ֬ƷʣҪ̾Сղ
ŵļ̸Ҳ˽⵽ɽйصϢɽǳƵɣȴа, ѵûͬ޾ദš
һҲԵɵġ
Ѿȥһ, ҲԪ˵ʦ, ڴɽʱ, ɽиɽ, ǱɽģҲӦɽ¸ɽ֡
ʱɽΪ, ͨԣǹĻʿк˲ٸɽϵİաﱻλɵնɱɽۣʬɽɽУô䳹׷ӡɽϿɽţڵӣɽҲǸĳΪɽ
λʿŸɽյĺ֮ȴڲֻ֮гˣҲŵͷɡԴˣɽڵӴӲǷƶֻ磬ޣֻҪгͶ֮ģҲ֮Ѻ֮¶֮Ϣɾ˸ɽš
˼תþͿ˿ڣ
ʵʱ·һֻСҵģڸɽϣӦ֬⡣
ʱȤֵؿڵ̫÷ŲͬԼпһȥɽµӹ𣿲ξȥɣ
ʦûʹõԣһ˾Լжü䣬ϵ֣ԼȥѰ֮ࡣ
ǣʱƹֹһˡ
ҹǸҹ羲ĵģг
ɽЩ¶أóԱͷɢɢһ͸о⣬׼¡Ȼӵ·ҪƹԺӣòſפһԺǰͷϡξӡд⣬зǣֵЩ⣬ܸоԼסǴԺӲŷƹľ
ԺﾲĵģҲδƣÿһûŵִֻ˴۰ҡҡͷ׼Լľ
˼·ƼԼԺſڣվ˸ˣͦΣȴҹɫУ̫塣
æ߽Щŵһ̽ˣЩȡ
ƹ
͸֣ΡΡҡҷЩʵůɫΣõĶϣһ˪ѩƵ׾ͱȾ˵ɫ
ˣٿȻ̧۵ƺδջصķӿʱɫӳ£ԵŨ
ñ˿Ҫ˵ʱȴվԭأЩΪæҶѹֵ˿̾գֱðҲ׽͸ġƿĪĿֱ
ƹȴȿ˿ڣ˳Ĭ

ƺ߬öʲôüʾ֡
¶֣ӹʲ
һöƣʱͷĵ¡
Լʲô
ͨơ£ȥЩż
ʱԾЩ֮˵ĻϲбĪЩضŨУЩס
ֻƵءŶһľ߬ģǶ۶۵ģȴԾЩˡ
β˵ƺһζ˶ǳ뿪ķ
ǡˡ
δӦֻ𱻷ù΢΢ζһ
ƹת뿪ˡ
ûعʱ½ȻʧղҹɫС
һ
ûŪ׷ĪǴӺζȴܵͻȻ֮ľС
ֻýöϸϸţƿԺ׼ȥ
ĺڰͻȻЩO@죬ýúܣʱֲڳУʱعͷ
ҹɫһˣɽʯľԾǸģŲȾĹ¸ֻҡεЩζ
תӣԺӣϸؽԺšľʺص֨УȴĪйɺϢ總֮ңͺڰĿⲻش̽ȴҲԴͷ
һҹξǰҲȴ첻תˡ
ɽ峿мֺϴϺ˼ѣ͵ת
ճЩʱɫȻЩԾǰġſڵĵ˸СĵؽͷδȼˣҪͷߣȥһƹܷƵǵΡ
һ߳ԺţۼطЩ쳣ʯµĲݶѷңǱ˲̤ѹƵģ춯ķ
Ϣ߽ЩСĵزЩ˸ߵġѹŤŤӲݣһ·źۼ鿴
ԺƼĸɽĵͼ˳źۼѵǰ˰յʱ䣬ʶǳźɽȥġɽĵطصУܾǲűɽǺԣҴӲڡɽڰǰӡΪһĴ
ͨ˹ϣĶʱͷʱһŵҶǷҪ˻ȥ֪ƹ˵һȴ˲ݵλӡżӡ
ǽӡԲģָӡǳǳʧڶ͵±ڱԵʲôɽС󴳳ģʱ˳±ʲô·ȥˡ
һϸ۲ܣʵûʲô쳣ĺۼͳ׷ġ
̧ͷһѾϸչ͸ͷӰӰ´µջɽƯʦԼͷƳԼմ볿¶ȹڣʱȹڣʱ·ȥ
ݻϸ˵컨͵֬ڼοÿ©̣ʱãȹڿسš
Σһ·ջĿ⣬ѺãҲӭǵĺ棬˾Ѻõ΢Цͷкǲô⡣
ܿͬԼһɽʦСʦ棬˺ѺõغһӼֱһѳλƯ䣬һһǾҪɽķȥ
öʱʧЦﶼ飬˸ӱֱӵĿɰСԼǿӲקĴߴٶǱһζ
һ˻Цؾ뿪ˣӰŴδƹƼˣƬ̣תҲ͵һЩЦ⡣
лҪ˵
ԴͷжϴƾƬ浥ҲֻҪɰŮ55


26 
ɽ;, ָܵǹɿ̽ߡ
λͷȴֻӵɽʯľӰӰ´£ûκ춯, һδ
¿ɽ, , ޷ҲӦ, ô˼ž
ֻÿͬеĻʵ
ɽﶼ㰲𣿡
ỹãһᣬʦҲЩԾˡ
⡭ǚG, һ, ﻨģò֡
ʱЩ, ֪, ǲɨһ顣
Ƭ̺ջҡҡͷ
ûиܵκ쳣
, ԼŹˡ
ʦȰοǵ޷, ʲôԵɡɽǰȫˣɽµĴڣԵаǶȻϢؽɽġ
ǱջǣɽȥˡȴǵӰĿ»ص, ֱңңɽǴɽŵĲ, вųʧˡ
ֵصĵӻһ, Ѧ, ͦڲ, ְţҪɽ, ϸ˼¼˸
ǰ˲Զͳ̤ӡ
ʱʱ˱ţϸϸ
ʵʵ֮˶ҪٹȣֻͻСⲻ˷˵ĳʳʦٹҲ꣬ʱЩ˼̻
Ѱһ⿴ľ¥˽俿λѾ˷ܵŵӵ˲ˡ
ͻȻǵʱƹٶٶԼţɽϣֲôԶ
Ϳʦ
ʦ㣬ƹٹ𣿡
ʦ⣬ЩȻЦŻشȻǱٹˡ˵ɽʷٹȵĵӣͼٹˡ
ƺԼҲżȻЩʳֳҪƮȥ⣬Щ˼ЦЦʦЩʵǺѵõġ˱ٹȲܣЩ尾
ˣ˼
ƹǲ;Ҫɽһ޵˿޵һȷʵǶġ
˳͡ˣ治Ӧñǣ
˼ţʦͬ˵ЩʲôĵĻҲûȥ˾ˡ
ɽشвɽֽɽˮḻ
ǰϰĸȲ˲һɰеʣһʱС˲һ⣬źŹǡ
λҲϲţҪĲʽ򵥣󣬳ԵõҲ㡣
һʳζƫŨأϲʽζóԹߵĽ嵭΢ζҪŨҵö࣬ȴղܡ
һ߳Եͣ꣬һҪ˲ˮһع࣬ȴ⾹ֱ˺ͮͮļҲ治ɫĳЩ
ʦ㲻ζͱˣ˿ӣֳ°Цӯӯؿǳԡ
ͷͻȻ·ˡɽĵô˰֮ĺʦһۣȥһ䣺ţǳȥ
ñͨ죬ŲˮǺһڣ˰죬ʱѾûӰˡ
ʱٸȥҲûʲô壬ֻø˿ӣ˹׼һģȴͻȻоڿ
ϵĶ˶٣ɫӣȴڴΧ
֣ܿԭһֱŵʱ˸ˣòƾǴǴݳġȻ߲ɽ;ܵǰ䣬ûǾһ顣
װ£С˵ɫͷȥҪȥͬʦϡ
ţ̼ӿٶȣҪ·һתʱȻعͷȻ˸ˡ
Ҫںǳ⣬ҲҪǰһȴתǴС֮䡣
۾һ߾һ϶һ
Դƹһչ߿þЩ˽ºϰһúܡ
Ǵʱӳϣȴͬţ˺һ˿һĲûм𣬾;ˡ

ﾪȣ˲δнһĶֻޱʲô⣬һľͷһЩ
Ŵˡ
ͦΣŶʮģپҲʵòƷˣɫЩ״ЩϢ۵ģҪһͷɫͷӲ˳д
ЩҲʶЩ֣һӦǰĪǸ֡
ֻǾԼپ˾ɿץס֣ٳ࣬ʱȴڳһЩı顣
üûһжҲ˵̽ʵλҺ£
á
ɰһôԼ·ϰԼקСӵĹߣȻܽг֡
˾׼ġòɵû˵ĶüͷҲЩ
ǺˣҺ£
˱ڵʣȴԾǸûʲôνӣֻ˵˼֣ЩΡ
㡣
ã
ôԷһӣôƹ֮ЩЩʶǰһʮɴδ˹Źֵˣ֮ʶ
ǽüͷøЩ
ҲʶʲôͿ˵ɣտðȡ
ƾҪͷߡƢȴҲ֮ˣҲ֪ʦ⴦ûУһȥҲƽǵѰҿɲá
ն˶ŲӵľͷǱһƬ˸ߵסˡ
۾תͷŭĿӡ
˲ɣмϣʿǾ֣ҲʹעĿķ
δ˵꣬ͱȥ
ģƲ¶һЩ߰ɫ̧̧°ͣͬȷʵ¡
ƼԷһղ˵Ͳȥֻ̣óԷҪ˵
˷ӦҲЩסӾͷҲǰצ˿ڡ
ɽб䣬˾㣬һҲǣپҪľǰϽȥ

Ϊʲô˿ͷ֣ͷһҲ
ƼһݾĪɫ㲢⡣
֪ʱֻڷһļ䣬ԵҲ͸¶̫࣬ƺΪһ˲ž͵ͨ׵㽲ɣǣˣԵҪڽˡֻǱǣЩף˶ȥҲӰĸ֡
øܵˡȷʵŬ齲ΪʲôԼŸԺˣ
˼Ȱ˶̫֮ѿ
óûģֻȥ͸¶ġɽб䡱һֵϵģͽձӵĴֵȥƹһ
ǰҪԳӣΪɽϿ̽ľˡȻ˷ȷһ£ǷߵԴͷضˣǰλɢϢ˻
Ϊݺݵػͷһۡ
ˣҲ˵ˡڣ뿪С
ʶ˳˽ƣӦݣڲ󣬶һɿȥӰθһ䡣
ιҿɲ֡
ȴͷҲأֻûϽȥʦˡ


27 
һ·С̯, ҵִĵصʱѾƽϢˣΧ۵Ҳɢȥ
ûҼʦ, ֻһ·Сֻŵľ¥, ͿŸǺ«վſ, ûûεسԵ, ʦϺ˵㽹ͬСϸϸʲô
Ƽãæȥʦ, ʦŻعͷ, úǽɫɢЩ
, һΪͷһش, ͰŪȥҵɾʹˡʦؿڣȴᡣ
þͲ˼سЦЦ, ǸҵĲá´һ, ԭعԹԵǡ
ȤСЩˣȴǹŷŵ¶ЩĲɡ
˳ؽӹ, Ҳ, ǲǿȥ֬Сˣ
òɨ, ͽе¶ѹ, Цơǡ, ȥС컨µӡ
СÿǺ컨ԼеĻײ, ʱſҵһ죬⾹ǻٹﶼһСͷ꣬Ҳ֮ɫ
컨æתֲ֪Ƶ˳æǰָָĶ䣬컨ӦŬС¶Ķѹȥü۾һĵͬʺá
㣡ôūѽ
С꼸Ƿ˵Ļֲ˲䣬۱ùԲ
ǲū͸֬ûۼطˣֻˣЦҲ
ǡЦŴʲôͬ컨ܵλǸɽ޵ӡ
˵һһ֪С꣬˻ѺõʹˣСЩλҲƯѽūϲǡūƵ֬ɫɳƽǵˣ
˱һȥˡ
ʱѾͬ컨Щˣʼﻨ˿˰֣ʦǺһ˺Щ֬ˮۣ׼ûȥ͸ɽϵʦǡ
ֱͷбۼҪ˻ƻʱ֣ʦϹɽŽ˵Ƶεüأ˲ͬС˱׼ɽȥ
·ϣͬ
ôСǲʮ˰
ʦЦѵü˻ôĺȷʵǺϲ
Щ˷ܵϸӺ컨ǶĹ֬һЩʶߴߴһֻ㻶졣
һպǻ䡣
ֻǲɽոտ˵ǵľ˾ͷָɽյķΧЩͬѰ
ʱʱеӼҴҵϱҲأ໥֮˽ʲôֻԼ塰ɽ󡱡족ģ
ʦһۣ׼סһѯʡ
ٿȻ䣬лɽصɽ䣬Żܵĵ˲ǵָɽķȥˡ
ʦȻҲҪȥʦ⣬ö£ȻԺţûʲôͲҪ𣿡
ǵͷӦáȻɽǷʲô£ҪǶȥϣһ˲ٶš
ֻ𷽲ɽ£λĹ˿ġɽб䡱ѵӦ
ʱɽ֪ҪȥǹˣѾŽʱ䣬ֻùԹԻԺͬƹЩ֮Լɽһˣܲ㡣
һᡣ
ɽǰĹ㳡ϴʱվ˸ɽĵӡԪչأµһλͬ͵ճϣдµĺۼȴСڵɽĴƻˣͷѹĻʬҲټ
µĵȻ֮ǰͶıţʱ˳ϿȷеϢԾһɻȻ
ȵϢѹѹֹ֣סͷŵȫڼ뾯״̬ɽڣٽ룻ɽ˻Ҫ뿪˻뿪ɽķΧ
䡣
ʦУӦڡ
һɽΪɽÿһ˼ҲϷ󡣡
ʦӦǣһ뿪
ȫĽ䱸βͣѲĶģһѲߵܶȣһ飬䵥½Ѧ帺𡣡
ɵѦҲɫͿʼ
ЩųǲɢĵӣתվߵƹƹɽƴΡ
ƹףͬһȥ˺ɽ
ɽشΣҲ˼ʺһµģǰ־ɣĸɽֻ޲ɣҪ˵Ӧûмȫһ󷨡
ɽȾڵɫǳһԽǿ۵ĲɫԽͬŨīɫȾһ㣬ڸס˷Ĵơƹͬųϲ鿴һȦÿһҲܵ˲̶ͬȵƻйʲô󶯾
Ȼ˵ǣɽ⵽ƻǰֱֵʣΪɽȴûκζѲߵĵӽ緢Ȳ̽ʱĺɽѾǰ⸱ģˡ
ҪǣıѹסĻʬҲˣѲ˻ɣƻ֮˾ǳͷ޶
лһë㣬ͨȮܣȴûצӣжĿȻڲԣȴͨԣʶģ丹ȱӱֱʳﲻ;ֱܱͨʶƶߣ֮ͨ׽ߣƾǲ[1]
ȻɽĵӣʵҲûж˼޵Ŀ۵֪ϰԡֶΡ
ƻ̣ⷬȻĿֱҪñܿɽӵĶĿ£ƹΪ
üͷָϱȾɫʯ˼Ƭ̣زɽŴ¼
ųһ㶣˼Ƭ̺Ҳ۾סͷ˴˹ʶͲٶ飬뿪ɽͷжųȥļ¼ƹǾֱɽȥɽŵǴ
ͣеɽȥִзųϲøǵ񣬲ճֵصĵӣƹȥһȴշֵعĵѦ塣
ʱѦŰֵءѲɽĵˡԼְƬ̣ȻʱʦϣͻȻĪЩǲ˽ֵصĵӣԼǰ˼ڤ롣
ƹѦ屳Լץͷ񣬵ʯ֮뵽ʲôͺƴͨһϣ㲻ٵ飬ֱǰȥѦ塣
ֵء
Ѧĺɤһ飬عͷͳƹɫ
ԡǡδ˵꣬ͱƹˡ
δʱȻӳ֡
Ѧ亹ˣҲԼʶԡ
ǡ뿪ʱʦҡǱ
ƹɫȴԾɲôÿ
лҪ˵
[1]ԡ쾭ľ


28 
ƹһϻ̳ϿֵѦ, ֻʾÿһЩ
Ѧʱʶ?ԣͷϹźóλ, ޲ùġ
Ȼƹٴ, ֻǱоǰ󷨡
ֻһŪ, ??̽ȥ, ǴɰķͼϾ???Ļ⡣
Ƭ̣ƹɫصջث?֣תѦ, ȥųϡ
ô죿
ѦЩ, ֪ƹ?ʲô?Բʲô¡
ƹ?, , Ѧֻȥץ???·ĵ?Էú, Ÿæϫ?ƹ뿪ıӰ
ųϴʱڲ鷿зŽɽŵ¼
ɽŲڵĴ?ڲ쳣ķÿ, а??Ϣƽʱǵ?пãɽֵصĵ?ͻųŵķֽף֮˵Ϣ¼ڲᡣ
ƹϸ̽?ɽƻΣֶа, ضǳϰа֮, Ȼܻ켣ڵ?֮ж, ôֻ֮ˣʮյᶼ???, ȴûз?ļ¼, ׽ͷ֮ʱƹʹѦë?
ɽŵ󷨶̽а֮??, ֵصĵ?ڣһʱܷ쳣ʱƹѦڴеķ˵ųųŻȻ
ĹϾǳѦְصһʱ̣да֮??Ķ?ɽţȴΪ˶أû˷ִ쳣
Ѧ???Ի??׹Լһʱ⾹«?ʱͷǺʱ͹«?ڵء
㻹??ģû뵽˺Ϳųŭǳī??
Ѧֻл̼ԼѾ«?׷Ī??޲Ǵ˷ɽ???ͬʦֵԼԼʦ
?ػϿĳͷڵ
泯űʯשذ壬Ʋ˵ıɫȴ??֪ʱ??ձضţǲҿΪԼٶ⡣
Ȼųغ߫?һƷ糯ԼıϮ
Ѧҧ?أ۾ŵȴųͽĽ١
˭֪?Σ??û?
ãȻ̧ͷƹס?һڵƽȣͷպۡ
ųŭȻδȴ٫?Ƭ̣ѹ«?ŭ??ֻɫȻ
·?ľơ
Ǳɽҵػɽϣҧg?һа칦Ӧǽܿ???µģŵֻ?סɽµڣͿԽڸɽķΧڣϸ?ǡ
ֻǲ֪˵ĿľʲôɽʧȻǻ޵ʬףȴ??оò
??źë?ˣѦɽϵѲڲĸطͬʱעɽŴŲ顣
һҹܿȥȥ?ɽϵĵ???½ɽžͳױի?һʱ֮
??һգ?룬Ǿȥһƹ
Ժ?Ա߲Զ??ûм·ľ룬?ֱӸж
ԺԾǾĵģû˿
ߵ?ţȫ?Σ??Ӧ
ɽӦ??ĳ?ʲôʣԼ?˵׮¦??ⳡŹϵ
?ĶȥһλѲ̽ӵĵ?ֱֱ
΢㣬?߽?ЩϳյɽʱԺ?չֵĵ?֮һ
ɫ?һ??????ͷѣ?˵Էȴһ?ڡ
ù?ʦ𣿡
æ????ͷ
ʦִʱӦڲ󡣡ԷƵЦ?Цֵ֪·??߲?
ûµģȥæɣ֪·ġæ˵ͬԷ?лԺ˼?һ¸ɽĵͼķȥ?
ش?ɽ֮䣬п͵ɽڶżгɽʯ϶ֲ쳤??̽ͷѹϣͶ?ֹӲԾ֮С
ұϵķ϶ͻȻԺһ
ǰϣԼͷһĪ춯ȥ̽?Ժ?ۼЩۼʧɽ御ͷһɽϣƵıֲſʯѷ졣
ɽ;âڱĿ⣬ټĹ˿νġɽ䡱÷·?ʱӿ?Ų
Ȼ֪øɽ˽䱸ɭϵıʲô?б?ϽЩ֪ƹ
ƹǰƣ˳ͽ?ڲ
һȥǰߵей?ǰ¯ȼ???㣬δյͷƣкľ¥ϣͨ㣬һŲܺƿͷֱֱ䵽ڰ
ڼԼĺȴ˵춯
?һ????ū?徻ֻ?һ¥ݣʰ׶ϣϾɵľͷ΢ĸ֨졣
ƹʲôȫͷֻһŵҽȥ
ҵţעȴһ?
ǲװ֡Ǿزʮƣֻزط֣һд???֡
ͨʶ
ŵЩߣɫ?Ƭ̣ڽȥȴֻǿļ?Щָ⹴ס?Ǭ?飬һϵȴĻζؾк?һͷһҫ????
ҳɵУֻʶ룬Ʈ?Զľ룬Խ?ܳʱ⡣
?ξ
òǵһָĹΣ?ʱͬһ??ѵԹߣξξȥ֮ͬϵߣа̬ȴ޹ء
ʱһ??ΣЦ??ؾ?֮䣬ͺ֮ˡ
Щͷһ˲е֣˼ʶͳԶԶ?С
лҪ˵



29 
˰ĺͬĻ, Ʊӡ
һţƲʲôʵأǱ̤ɫ, ˮ档
ŵһųĶ, ѾֻеĻ, ʲô̬, ֻܾŶһǰŲȴϵŽˮٵݹС
ǰǧ, һˮ˶, Ʈɢȥֺ
Ȿֻ֮
ֻǽյĵظƺЩ̫ƽ, Լʲô˽, Сסŵȥ˹ۡ
һͷɫͷԺ, һƤŲ̬, ȴɣ
һӷڵعϸСݵĺҨһˮָһ㣬ˮͽȥ, ٷκβ
ݵǰĻǰ
һƷ˻һεĹģ, ˵ѰϢ, ֻǼȻߵκǰ, Ǿֲ, ֻֻؾǡ
иʱСײײͷɹɲɵ, һ·ɵЩȵײ˹ӵļӹ˵ʯϡ
ԭŽѵЩ˼Сקһ죺ǳʲô£һŻŵġ
СͿɥ֪ͷһλŮö˶˵Ĳ֪Ϊξֵظˣ˵Ҫˡ
߳ĶﶼǼͶֻתĻǣһҲƬ̵ĵ飬ֻλԺֶһ١
ЦλҲôĵҰ
Сɫ࣬ҡҡͷλ˾εСŮá
һϾͱɫ
λŮЩ飬׼ȷ˵ϵһְٰЩе͵Ĺ񣬶ѲĹϵ
λŮҲɽһ⡣
ǧ治Уοǰ˷ɽ磻ȴһɾԵڲͬΪģֻԪΡ
Ϊ֮˼ȴ˼ΪŮ˾ơû֪֤˶ô߳£ҲһΡ
˾ǧξħ
Щξӳǵģ漰ǵĸλŮ˼¶ͬδϣĹ½룬ӳУ¹ӡǣǵ㲦˲ٵξ
ֻ֪ΪΣλŮҲִֵ
뵽˴ͶҨĳס
ҵÿȥλСڡ
ץСҪ·ǰƾһֽˣλãſĹ
û˷֣һУ֮䣬ͱеĺˮɣ°ۼ
λõֽӲִָϸոպȹĻǹκţһһؽݸֻصĻǣһƺδŵСϣֻ糣ؽš
һᣬŸϵСŮµֳʱ巽Ҳλ
ظĹǽǲ԰ɫʱΧһλŮ˵˵Ȱš
жۣŮαִ棿
λ˾εŮǸϲģȻ¶ô֣ǧϵµĴСֻţӲƽϡ
˭֪λСŮһʱȥ˽翴һ⣬ͳ׷ִֵӣҪΪ˸ӲŹأǵǴʱͷ۵úܡ
λϲСŮػ˵ڣظҲڣΪѣƹܹŹصĶʱ˿ڡ
ˣҪٺ֣ŮҪӲҲݹǲ
СŮžƯϾЩɫ
ֿ˴æǰȥ촽СŮϸϸȰοҵĺãغɳʱͻεɣΪһôֳ
СŮſҪ粵ȴҲ֪Լûٳ
žٽο죬ָǷͽӹһ˸ɸɾȥˡ
һˣСŮҲ֡
߶ţ۾ͻȻһ
󷽷λһʾǸ⣬ͷҲصˣ¼λۺŴ۵С۶һԵСǸʲôҲ˵
͡ˣ
ҡҡͷλСŮִǺѻͷģµ⣬֪ʲôɡ
µһ־˳
һˣСŮôҴϸϡ
ͻȻ⣬Ҫ˾Ҳһ½ٵݣһλӵԵ֮£֮˵
ţ˳סˡ
´ҴҵĽŲƼһ˰ѽŸϡẒֵ́ü
ô
ҲŮģһ˫Ӣͦü۾͸Ŀ沿ҲʮӢ
ˡþ¶˵Ц⣬ѽе¶أô
ǵĹ̾˿
ˡҲиùʦôǧ˰ˡ̣ŵ˾͸˸̣˵ѭϢټɽ̾˼Ҳ˳ŷҹ˭֪һûˡ
һŮĳλϹŵ£ѧһֳ뻯ĺýλصʦǰѾҲϹŵɣҲֻ˵λϹŽţȴδ֮й
ıԹ䣬ԼϻҪ¶һţͬˣҵȥһ˾е㼱¶Ҫ
һҪȥ˾۾ЩӢͦü
һȥ
Ȼû飬˾һͬȥ˾ɾĵؽ硣
˾ͬǰһ˵˾Ͼ͹ʹΪѵɫ
ǰͷйλ˾µǰֻùͬλ˾εСŮЩ鷳ҵͷϡ
ƺоܾ֮⣬תһ£ͻȻγĽ״ʵвس˾ǶȻţɫЩԹͿʼ
ϴ㻹ƭ˵˲ͬáǧȷϹˣǸͨˡ
ҽΪζã
ûݣֻð亹Ҫѽѽɲǳû˾
˾ȴһ顣
Թԣɽá
ҧҧܿһʣֻڴӦУҰ㰲Ż𡣡
ȴ룬žͰţƾȥɡӦãͷҲһܷеĹϣȻҲͱˡ
ԵģλֻЩʲôǿɾֲˡ
СŮýͶ˽磬˾˳ϴһʣ͸ĿιһͺԵ
һͬطŰξ˾ĲţСŮĻͶһ˼ңһ˳죬ޡ
лҪ˵
Ŀ
һֻǧ
Сûˣtat


30 
øоԼ·һ, ʱһͷһ
ЩãȻ
ŵξеݸȻ, һʱ䵹û, Լ˯ȥ֮ǰǸʲôΡ
һʵڹ, һˡ
ʲʲô
͵شӵϵ, ţڵķʱ;㵵ۡ
ҵ, 㡢ˣ
ϵ, ǵɽֵصĵӣԺйһ֮Ե, ӦǽѦġ
ſ, ҪΪȴ˯þˣɤͷƵ, һʱ
ѦǸ, ʣͽ龭¶˸ࡣ
ԭʱĪ׹ξ֮ʱӵµ˲СĶ, ͷҹżƹ
ƹϳʱ, ȴɢŹ⻪, Щ鱻ס, ·ʱһ, ֻ⡣
ע֪̽Σܿͱε˻, Ƽɫ糣ʲôΣյľأֻþһԡ
ǸɽĶ࣬ܳʱŽѦš
ãȻʱΪǱͨʶ飬Īξ֮С
ͷʼɢ﷭ңȴҲǱӰ
Ѧһ˸ԵùʲôأѾȥˣЩȥʦְɡ
ϾͷȻ
Ѿȥˡգ
ʱѹһЩ¿ʼҪƹ˵֮ǰɽһĪĻ
ʱξݣóױɫ
Ѧ廹߶߶׹ξǰ飬ٵҲ֪ɽʲôӣҲ¶ǸǺɽӡйءȥƹ±֮ķ϶ҾͲȥˡ
Ѧ屻Ϣˣءһ
þͼǷͷжҵɽһˣҪҸˣЩҪʸ
ѦŷӦ
ǣùҪһɽ𣿡ΪѵͷɽƽţҪ²׼Ҫȸһȥʦְɡ
ҡҡͷ
Уˡ
ǵ㵱ʱ͸¶ֻգչȥֻʣղˡȻ֪ǷţҲ֪ǸξǷʵ߽ǱʲôӹؼϢ
Ѧ壬а취ɽ𣿡
Ѧ죬ܾȻͲʲôϣλСｫƹӶϳԷ˼Ҳƹ
ֻСᶨ˲ݾܾ֮С
˶˰ΣѦվǷ
һӡƸãһһ˲Ĵš
·ԹξĲ֣⼸յ¶Ѧ򵥽һͬӻƹ
˾ͷֱѦɽȥѰƹֱɽȥˡ
Ѧƣ˳ͳɽš
ȥӵ·ϣǸξ
飬ϣҪΪʳƺģ֪ξĹŹԼĪõĸ֪ξξλƹһ޶ĹӣʱȻ֣Щ׮׮ԵλҲ˻áŮ
Ծ޷жĪξԴҲȥ˼λŮĹҲƹĲͬԼξʰõƬΡ
ʱæңƺֻҪҵλĪֵһʣЩһһõӡ֤
㵱ʱͻȻߵҲͻȻе˼Ӧ˾ô벻ʹ֮ɽµҹȥ
ȻʱЩãȻǲ֪ĶȥǸˡ
ɷ˽Ų
ȴ˵춯
ͷעľһĨĺ졣
⻹ǡ˵ܲٲܲٵ
һ˸ߵİӯԹĶϣһͷ췢ͬȼյ档
ĵ˹죬Щ߶߶˺Ȼ˵ɣɫƽ
ֻϻǲ˻ݣöԷںԼȥʱ̬Ⱥǲã糣ɫзһ˿Ρ
ҪοڣֿڴӺ˵𣬶Էһк
ôˣˡ
ƺЩ޺Թ
ɽϵıʣɫ
ǰ㲻ƣҵĲǡＱֱҪֻ񣬸ɽȷʵ˲СıʣɲҲš
˶٣ֱӶԷ۾
ԣܷ֪㾿ʲôͷ
ɫЩվֱӣΣЦһ
Ѳ𣿡ɫЩưȻǡϵɡ
áŶһ
ɰΪ˾¸ɽϵʿֻǻײ
ȥϸµľȻȷɽϸӦҲһԸãֱʦⱻ֧ɽºԼȴӲҲɽֻ˵ڱܿɽһ¡
㱻ʵ
ӣƮȥƵ㲻֪Щʿ˹ƵģϢúܡҿɲ˵Ĺ˾
ʵǸɢӣֻǶãлԹֲضЩ
ֲǲ֪ѲЩһ֪ʿ㣬Ϊ˸ˣⷲ˽磬ٲȥĻûտҪˡ
ã
㵹ҵľʱ˼ץס˼˵ҲǷˣϴ˵ôһ£
㱻ʵһҭЩֹ
ЩҲܸ㣬ʱȻ֪ˡ
ã
ⲻ൱ڱ϶Լ˼
䣬Ͱ˰֣ˣùˡҲǰôһˡ
ֻ˸ָȼ棬Ƭ̣Ӱͳʧˡ
ԭشΣֻܰοԼһҲܣȻԼЩãȻ
ֻǸɽıʣûҵͷ
̾˿ת۷˷򣬳ɽķȥ
ɽʱĺƻ֮ʱɫװֻһɫ͸ԣӰӰ´µָҹеˡ
Ļ£˾衣
УͳξС͵ͰЩ
ԼҶ죬Եøԣֱֱ˳ֱ۴ݵУƺ쳹Ժдһ˿̼
üӿ˽Ų
ͿҪ߳ˣ̧ͷڱƺ£Ҫ˿ȴͻȻеһ
ķӹһϢ֮䣬ûδüۣ͸оԼһס˲ӣسַק
ߴɭЦߵһԲ³ױѪɫڣʧĻ֮С


31 
Ѧҵƹ
ԷڹĴ, ƺδˣЩƣ
Ѧǰȥһ
ƹ˶٣Ϲ, ˱, һ
Ѧ˸, ȴ, ýĻͬƹ˵ˡ
ƹϸˣһʱûд𻰣Щ
̧ͷǰҪĵɽ, ɫ˼
ѦĿҲȥ
ѡĹ󷨵һھʹڸɽ, ɽ֮ѹȣͨɽ֮, ˮƽ߶ԼĪͬǰĵӾƽ롣
ɽڴʱɫĵɰ֯͵ܼư, ɫѷǱ£϶̬ܲ㼯һ
ʱʱܵķ϶żֲ̽, һ㼯֮, ֻ¿նĿ׶˴С
ѦǴķ϶ٿȻһ
ԺԵعһɽĵΣʱһλ, ǶӦɽǰ벿, ɾǴԺӵķ
ٿƹ, ԷɫȻҲʶһ㡣
أƹʵ
Ѧ˵, ľȴͻȻһ, 漴ҵػζ
ǳ˽״鼱֮µź, ֮ͬϲϢҵԷټ
ѦϾʹżɫ˲öָָͣƾͬƹǡ
Է򴽣ٶԣֻ˵ͷٶͶ뵽˴ĻС
Ѧ߼䣬ɽϣ˼ҴѰʦܡ
ѯһԷҲУæڵѦʦ֣ɽǿ󣡡
Ѧʱɫ
ɽѾˣµĵ͵֪ͨҪɲóɽɽŴҲǽ䱸ɭϣ´ɽаûɽȥ
òɽȥɽ뿪˻ûãǿɽ´Ϣ
ѦץסʦΪŶͣļٷɿɽµĴֽ׷𣿡
ӵͷ
áѦ彫ǰɽһ˵ּڴһɽȥ׷ȥɽųϣϸԵɣᡣ
ȥˣѦҲɽ¸ȥյɽŵĲȻҹеһȻûټĻɢŹаĺڳ֮
ɽ
üѵ̧֣ҪѹסԼĶȴȻʲôҲţһɲа֮
һ·ǰУȻֱҪ
ÿҪɳɤ۶ľ˲ƽһЩ
̽ȥдǵԼԼĵξ泯⣬ʱɢŹ⻪Ķʹǯסϡ
ǹٿȻջˣŲԶһƵĺʹ
Ȼ˫ϡ
ۼҪ׹أӦѸٵؾ͵طһ⣬Ϳ
սеξ׼ŷķ
ߵ¹Ѳ֪ԵɵϨּǻ谵ֻľɢ΢⣬ճǰһյء
Ƭ̣һѻɫӰ䱸ķ˳ܿ˾ӷĹߣͶ
ýֶ׼Ӱͼ̧ڵһ£ֻ¶ݹ᾵ס
ӰֹЦһ˿ڣɤ˻ƿɲ
û뵽û뵽ﾹȻȱ˶٣ֵǽϷʧˡ
ӷתƺɵξͼžӶʵǰڸɽϸҵľ𣿡
ŴʱȻʣǺƣȴ侲Ǵ䲻
˾˵ζ
СѾͷӣ뵽ЩͲ𣿡
ߣٿڼʵ
ô˵ɽϵĶңҲֿ֮
˶˶٣ֱֱӭž淴ĹǰֽԼĶ¶ȫò
˲Ͽݣݽȥͬʬһ㣬ݺƵĺ
СѾͷͦ治һ㡣䷢ЦȴάŽӲı飬Ϊıƻ
ξɢĻӳϣʹʵۣ˶ѡ
ñð亹ȴɾǿžӡ
˾Ƭ̣źڶͷٶȿڵ⾵ӲҶʱκβ㣬ᱻƽ⣬ֺαؿ֧ţ־ܣһܸʹ졣
ÿļɵʾ
ɲô˵ЦЦӸɽ׷ǴɽŵĴɡ
ͷɫЩ棺
֪ɽϵʿ׷Ҫأ
˾ͳɫ
øܵĺѱȡļȴһ
˵ˡ
ͳԺ˼ԼʲôӰĴö˳ԵСҲС
̽Ž̽ξ˾ԼĻӦһϲ
ȴڴʱˡ
Ǹ׹䷲꣬뽫׽˻ȥһؿ˿ڣǲСˡ
ûδüӦݣͲӭ硣
ɫȻս˾ӣʶذҪܿԾǱ˰ӡ
ǹаϢ˳ÿһ缡ϣ͸ëףֱֱ꣬ͬΪݵ䣬ֱֱ۵
ʹδʹˣҲǸԷ֮ʮСֿ֮Ҳޡ
ξɿйڵϣ˵
ǸûʲôֶεķˣǰװģҵǸ߿һ֡
һ̤ſ֦
۵üҪӣȴԾǿţڵϡ
ϸõķɢˣҹϸķգס԰׵ɫ
ϸϸһЩſյʶٶȻعѣ۽ƲһɷŹξ
ԺУ̶һĻ汻ҵطţЩξԼһЩδйļ䡣
뵽ʲôǾ͹Щ΢ȣ۾Ҳ΢΢ˣЩЦ⡣
ãУѵʹԼ˼˼ֳ֣Щöͬľӡ
Ļʱģ΢΢ǿͦļͷָͷӡ
һжģ˽գҲûʲôٿɻˡ
֪Ľǲⳡ¶˾ġ
ǰֻһ췲֮ȴ֪ΪζѰĸ֪
עöϣ׼˷۾
һв֮䡣
˵ĽŲͣ˲ߵľ롣
ȴͻȻ¶һȻЦ
Ȼ䣬ӹ⻪һƬ򶼳ξʵ֮䣬еĹҲ΢΢Ť
¶Ȼת˲ȥ
㽫ȫע뵽ˣ𣿣
;ƿ֮ףһ˫۾ȴþˡ
еĹ⻪Ծڼͣռдﵽͺ󣬶һ˲ըѿ
ֻö߼žʶͣڽ޵ҫĿ׹֮С


32 
Ѧҵɽʱ, ǰбҫĿâ
Ŀİ׹⼸Ҫƻۣǿҵ˴ƬΧԶľ, Ҳܸ̺ܵ
˴ı, Ҳ֪Ƿʲô
ѦЩż, ȴҲ֪ʱܿ, ֻܵǹ⽥ɢˣŴ˻ȥ
ʱһƬǽ壬󲿷ɶݻ۶, ֦Ҷ㵹ڵݺύ, ήź
Խ, ֲƻĳ̶ȾԽ, ˷űģǱɨһƬԲεĿյء
յûϢۼҲݻ, ֻһͭ, ۡ
Ѧöͭһ
賯Ѫģ˾, ݡ
Ѧ;ĳ˹ȵס
̬, ֻ˲, ͽӴС
ȥӵڡٷ, 漴ͬ´ָ
һĶŸոƽϢ, ǻ˴л뿪ֻӵȥ
, ǰ󷨣ǿܹһ
Ѧһظϵʱɽڴȴһͣӿ´ŨƺðͷΧǶš
˵ոô£һӾͰˣֺˡҿ𣿡
˭֪ء࣬ʲôˡϣɣҲ֪ɽ̽ûС
ɲֵĻ̵̻ġƸոձżæͳȥҽ˼ңѪһҲ֪ܲߵĳ
ҹģҪҽﻹסҲԽԽ˰ɣµĶˣҲ׳ţúһӸƵġ
ţһۼؿظѦˣæߴǷͬš
Ѧ彫ǵĶԻԶԶȥһЩʱϾ˼ͷкֱӿʵ˳ӣ
ڵļλƽҲͬѦ廹Ϥδ¶ŵ飬һʱЩҡ
ԡ԰ǰĹ涨ߵҪ뿪ƽա
û쳣𣿡
Ѧʾ󷨡
һλӾûеģһֱͣδܵаϢš
Ѧֻ֡
ǰ޴ĶǱɽ֮ԵĶģһˡ
ǴɽͣаħĹô󷨲Ϣһ֪
õڱǿҪôǸˣ֮Ҫôֱӽȥˡ
ھϢǻڸɽķΧڣŻ֡
λù׶༪ˡ
Ѧݡ
ʵɽУΪμһ࣬ȻҲᵱ˴ΡȻ˵ףѧٶҲǸʮͷˣδ˴ķˣҲ
죬֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻðڸɽķΧڶԼ¸ƹš
ɽϡ
ƹһʣýָѪͿĨ۴󷨾ɡ
ԭҹɫԵЩĵɰɢ⣬ɫҲޣʼۡ
켸δۣЩƣʱ΢΢Ŀȴ
ѹĪĽ֮飬ֲһԣۣɫࡣ
ס
ҲˡȻڸɽʮ꣬ԡ󷨡ѧһЩҲϵе̳Ƶϳ͵ģһֽ
˽Ž֣˻
ʦ֡
Ѧ弱ɽ
ƹŶԷƽ
ѦȴͳʲôУȻԵЩɡ
ƹĿɨϣƺʾ¾˵
Ѧͷ·˺ܴľģ쵽ƹǰ̯ġ
ùɽɽа֮˴ɽŵĴ󡣡ҿԷһԵؽ齻һ飬ǸϹȥʱֳ˺ܴĶ˶ˣֻ
̯ﾲöξʧȥתĹ⻪·˳
þû˵·ʱҲ֮ͣ͡
ΣѦнӹöСɵľӣս־΢΢š
ָ⻹δɺԵѪҺ˵ɰĦ棬ĺۼ
Ѧɫһ޶ĳƲֻڲҵɫӳ£Եð֣һ˫ĺȴʧ˹סоʹԲıɫ
Ѧ忴һУг̾һһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲôãɼžӡ
žડ
ݳȴϸСơ
һʯɽڼ䣬˼⣬ҹɫУȴƴ˻أ˸Ķ
ɽķ϶䴫ССʯ飬ͷ·ʲôҪɽ͵ĺ֮
һͻȻ𣬾ͺӤļޣת˲ֻС޵ŭ
ǵոɵһʱ⻪һĺڵӰӴɽ֮伷˳ٶѸֻգ۵Ĺײ֮ϣ赲˲һϢͳ󷨣ƹѦ˶
ƹ˾ӣѦ壬˿ܿһ׺ݵĹӰ
Ӱ˵أչΡ
¹⣬л
ֻӲ߳צŵأͨڣʵأη·ſӦͷĲλͬһ㳤ϣۿȴڰݣû顣
ѵǡޣȱܹ˺ֱײޣѦһڿ̲סȳ
Ļ£ͷС޾ͺƱˣӤȭͷСűǿȶţֻ֮޵ξͱֻצŵ棬׼Ѧ壬ͺҪ
Ѧޡڸɽ޵ȴֻǸɣ˵ײǸδʵսĻӣ³׻
޼ХһȷŸŭѦ㷴Ӧʱ䣬ͳ
Ѧһһ룬ˣ״۾
Ԥ֮еϮδ䵽ϣѦۣͿƹֳֽ֮䣬ǿסһ
ͷ޺ƲŷԱ˵Ϣת˷Ϣ֮Ũصױŭˡ
ת˲䣬һһ޾Ѿ
ƹĽֱҪڻȴţ뺣ɵĹҲֻͷ޵пһӣƬ̺Լ£Ȭ
޷κβǰ֮ˣһʱָ֪ǰǸС۵Ĵڣһϣ䲻ȴ谭š
޴ִת˷򣬳ɽȥ
ɫɫŨīһ㣬ж֮伸ҪڽڵҹɫԷֱ档
ƹȴ׷ֱڵķλὣ׷ȥ֮͸Ӱ
üͷȴ
ǰ򣬷һСɽڵ谭ֱֱͨɽǵľ


33 
ɽķΧʮ, ǸŽ䱸ȴһóԳԸ˯˯
֪񣬶ΣյаϢڳ˵
˵ɽϽ˴, ɽӡ޵Ĵƻ, ͷҲټ, ȴûи֪ʲôʵڵΣա
ǽҹȴͬ
ⱻ˯о, ͷ·һֻضסʺŨصΣϢ
, ãȻؿһ©̡
˳ʱ
, ǹΣյϢԾɻ֮ȥС˴, Ȼصѹָ, Ҫ
ɫ䣬ͬݵʦ㣬ԼԤ, Էȴ˯, һãȻ
ҧҧֻܿʦ㾯Ͷһܳ⣬ʦʦǵš
ӴͬʦʦǽԼĲԤ, еı˯г, Ϊ, ôһ£еȴ֪֪, Ҳ, б޻
һ·˺ѣԼɤӶƵ, ѹָԽԽ
ʣһӣʦ㡣
ҧҧʦ㣬š
⼸ҹ˯öǺܳܿѹֻ´˼£ʹš
ʦ㣡ˣܸܵжˣԽԽˣʦ㣬дܣ
Сվ⣬ɤƵģ۾еľ֣˵ҲЩ״Ρ
ȫޣ˾ҪȰС侲ǰȴͻȻӹһӰͱק
⣡
产Ȼ
һţߵٶֿþˣѹǾʲôȴܸܵа֮ŨصĶ⡣
ƹϵʱ򣬾Ϳڵ˸ѾԹȥС⣬ɫȻһͼӶԷж
ľѾ꣬Ż޵ȥЧ΢΢ȴĶһ˲
ƹֻͬһۣһᣬת˲˻޵ǰ
ۼĽҪԭն˫ĿȻŨ䷨ĽŲߡ
ƹĽ⿴Ƽ򵥣ʵ仯ǧת˲Ҳ׷ζȥ֮ת˲Ϣ֮䣬ȴû޵˿ӣһڽе̽˸С
ת˲ǵصŻ޵ͷ¡
ֻͨڵξֱߣƬ̣վ
ȴֿ죬˷ܵĹЦŵܿһ㱻ڵŨīɫʳƬ̣˶ʧ
ƹ̵ر˱ۣԶҧ촽סۿдתˮ
еǰû˿Էֳһʱ̵
޵ƻڱǣƳɢɢۼĵŴ˿ڣŭһڵӵļУĴЦ
űһѹ޴˸סκʶвչ壬䷢Ĺ
Ѧųϸϵˡ
ѦһͣصΧŲҿֲ֪Ǻõĵӣʵ΢СĵǻΧ֯һЩӸ˾ְܿǼͱ
ųƹվͬȷµΡ
ڴǰĲбһ߸ͻʯ̨ɽ±ԵƵԨǰ׵ǷŽȻ˵ƹͽѹϡ
һʱ֮Щ
ųϾʹǲ͡
ƹ΢΢ͷͬ߳ϣʵʵ˺ƺֻ˼ı棬ʵ谭һǲûҵ޵Ҫ
ĿӣжʱҺĵӱѦһһ淶ĲΧ֮⣬Χڣƹͬųϲһֽزй¶ϢһʱûͷŵأצĽתŨīɫϢУȴúܣǽǿʯ̨и
ۼҪƹ۾ԺȴͻȻǰڲ鵽Ĺżء
һ֪Ĺżϸؼ˻޵ԣȻԶɬѶȴܹһһͬǰ޶Ϻš
ƽȴȻעһϢǡƵϢ׽а
Ҳ޵Ҫȴһ仰
Ϊλ֮ˣȻΪ¡
öľӣзӿѹ£⡣
ŽͬĻ޾ţֻǽļƻųϡ
ų갵ͷת뿪һȥá
޸оǰвƺСˣֿʼ
ҪĽʳ
ƹٶ𽣣֪ƣؽĽһ޵ڣٶ֮
һ࣬ųϴƹŸļƻҵѦ塣
Ѧʱж
ٵǰָ󣬶Ȼ£ȴҲ飬׼ǰλҲеĵѱ޷ʳһĻŵõսľǰ
Ѧ߹ȥλҪ޳ĵӵļ򣬳ʲôǰǵʦүܽӡǳ²֮ǶȻҲ
ִؽ仰˵˼飬ڵ֮䣬˵˲ƽࡣ
ɽӵķչ򣬷䡢󷨡ѧҲֻ࣬Ҫѧɽ̡ȻΣ˸ɽɽţΨһǱѧģǾǵ꿪ɽʦүӡ޵󷨡
ʱӼ궯гվλ޵ڱƽ
޸ܵڶƽϢǿһһɾ޴вȴĪò
ƹĽ¿ţҪڶڵķλȥȴζƹȻλ˻ʯ̨ϣ¡
ųϺƹѹƻ޵ж
һжԤеķɵؽš
޸ܵ˾ٴһЩΪŭС
ƹȴʱ˽֣صó˲Ŀڵöӡ
޸ܵ˶ԷȻжȻϢʱûɿ죬˶Ӿ˷ܵҪƹڵķ
ƹȴ۶ָֻ̧̧ϱľ棬עС
ע쳣˳ûгԤеų⣬̰ؽע
ԭʧȥľ±沢ӳճƹʹףһƬ纣֮
ֻÿ˵Ƭͷһۼ
ǳɬƺһֺ̲˲ؾԼС
ƹȴмϤ֮С
ת˲ǰа֮ͬһķ磬һͷɢķ
ƹľ֮ȴȻɢ¶Щ΢Ŀͺ롣
һʶͱק뾵УͺƽһΡ
һв˲Ϣ֮䡣


34 
ɽ, 
˵صشغɳ֮չ⣬ӳű̲?һƬ׺, ɫ, 紵?, ͬ
Զһ̸
ô?ȷ֮ö, ŲµĴ档
㲻ǿΣ̽µϢ??Ԥ֪δôһ˵ǰ˨?, ʱЩС
ѽСӦһ, ʶʲôŵǰ, , ??ȥǸʧʦĲξȻ
һûֻǵͷĬʾ
, ԭ?λ??Ů, һλ°ɫȹͷ?˫٣ƯɰһλŸ, ڿŶס, ɫ, ŵһ
, 㲻ǲ֪, ???ͬ?εģολʦ, ??ָ߰?ʮ궼ֻδˡ?治ð
ǵĹ?ʹ?˿
ûбİ취ˣ?Ľ??ʦ??ܿ档ܧS?һЩʱ?ɢˡ
ȹ??Ů?¶Щ??ɫ
Ǽɫɶȴ
ãˡ
ǰ??¶ʾĿ??ɫþͳ׷
аɡ??ܰԣ?ʦҩ?鷳?ŵ
ؿڱ֤û⡣
???Ǹʦ̵ǧ࣬İ˵?ж˽⡣³ֻܳ²ߣȺðæ˵
ͳһ龫ɵ̣?ָ?תһȦֵָķ
ɫµ־¹͸?֦ҶиS?|?ѣɢڵ?
һ̤Ƭ֡
Խߣ??Ϣξ֮ԽŨϢУ?̾׼
ԼĪյĹԭ??ֶܼȻ?ɢ¶һƬֵ
ͣס˽Ų
ˡӦһƬΣ?ûȥ
ƬŨЩãȻ
ȥɣûµġ?ʦ治ڡ
þʹͳһ滨Ʒͭ泯˸ǾӾɢ͵Ĺ⻪űû
Ҳʧԭء
ʱѱŨصȫȻס
ε˲䣬·˱ͶһƬ֮Уӿڵĺˮû?ͷ˾ͱһļžΧ
??ʱЩ??䣬࣬תŨS????
δ?Ρ
??˼??ӳ?ĵĿ
?̰Ȩ볤?ֳɧS?İ飬Ҳ???ɳһ?ʵ¡
δ?κһΣͬǰ???һ
λ??ʮ꣬Ŷ???ֻ֪֪ɱϣһֽ????˽ĺպ
Ϊһλҵ??ӦǲϢĵ⽣Ӱȴ?ҲӦǰģ
еƵɳ??Զʱ??ٶ٣ʱ??
˳ķ̽ߣȴٿȻܵһɾ޴
˾ε??Ůƿǧξͬ򵥣ǰξȴκβS?Ҳκζ
һߡ
еĲɫ??ŷᣬͬɽ???µȪ?
̹ܵǵĺ⣬ɪ?ؽ?˫ֻۣס?漴ξ
??ƹקξе??˼Ҳķٶͳ˾棬¹λ
ɨаķδ£ǳĴƺ?˲Ϣ֮䡣
ƹ??̧򼴽ǰĻޡ
޸ܵϢһ˲
?һ˲֮䣬ƹȻٿעξöӱУ׼˻ޣɢҫĿĹ⻪
޻δS?ʶʲôžͱĹӳ䵽˲ʹİ
ѦһԿS?ľ
žS?Ϥ
ⲻ׷ɽа֮??ȥʱģĹ
תش
Ѧϸ˼æλĵһͬע󷨡
ƹ˽վģ|???һ㡣
ӡĴ󻺻?εͬһɽڵ?Ϣ΢Ļѹȥ
޸ܵѹȣͻȻԹؼХһΣĵƹ??ȥ
ڵӵľУ??һź?ƹ壬űԾڰеľƬɵ֮С
һжS?ɿ죬ûS?Ӧ
ƹֻS?·ʧȥ˸֪ǰ߽ģѦһŵġʦ֡漴˳׵ļž
ʧȥʶ֮ǰԺư㣬??Ļ档
ȻS??ĵĲֹ??ѣҲռ֮ģֻǵģִ??ѡ
ɽ˷ƣ˴ıʣ??˼ӡ
ɽȻδʲôĥѣȴҲΪһʱĻ̻??ˣյ֡
޼Ʒ?ڳϵ£ɽӵƣ½չɽš
Ȼ??ɽ?Χصǣޱ澵շĵ??գűչ֮콵׽١
յ?󣬿رչشĵӴ
Ԫµûа?٣Ȼ
ɽʱһš
ĴʦƹһսУش˫Ŀʧ?ʧϡ
ξѦ֪֮ȻȴòţŲڡ
ܵˣƹʧȥ˫Ŀ΢΢תſڡ
Ѧ̾˿
ˣʱƹ˫ĿѪģԾþû֮ȥ
߽Щƹʾ̧֡
Ѧ˳
ƹһһд¼֡
꣬̾S?ء
ƹǷõ䡣
ֻڶԷд?һ֡
˶á
ǶĿʧʧϣͬһ??ĻüĿ续??̬һ
ѦٲĿȥἰ뿪ԷȴͻȻд¼֡
еѦȻãգȴ??е˼ֻдһ?֡
Ƕ?¶һȻЦ
ѦһοЦҲһΡ
ɽ?ûյķ٣ѧS?λ˴ͷݵС˶顣
λͷͺܴȽҲ?±һɫĶȴҲزסġ
ֻ?һ裬ڴ
ͷˮѾ˽?ͷ
г֪ضȻǾ˵ĳ٣ͷʱȴŲ裬?ڸǲס??ɫ
һƺͬɽƬؽ緸壬?δ
һٿŻ磬ͼѪϴɽȴɽɵλͷƻ˼ƻ˸ֻֻܲ飬?ѰĻҲѹɽС
ڰͷٴѰᣬͼǱɽУȴ콵֮ϲ˸??ɵĻǡ?ȻϷ?˭֪ȴΪڷ??ɻǣ?ٴγ˴?ɢһΪŧS?ӳɽ򣬸ɽ?ľĲҲ
һж?ͷҲ?ߵͷˮܲޡ
ƬطҲλ??Ůӡ
ѰS?ᣬ?а£??ҽ䡣
ظ²յ??ȥ
һλɰӵṫӴһ£ͬ???иɽ񷢳׷ۡ
ѵǸɽλĴ𣿡
Ӧ˵Ŀʧǡ
˾ȡ
⣬ҲǨ?뿪ɽ𣿡
˵ǵģ?ɽ?ĵ˵λܹӣʵ֮ģֻһ˨?ȥˡ
ֻ̾?
??֮?鴦ֻS?|?
лҪ˵һ Ӹһ~ 


ڶ


35 
ξľͷʲô?˭??ԼΣ
ʶͬӰ, ȱһƬиԼ˼
ֻ?ƺΪʲôԵĳ, ֻȥ˷˽硣
?̾
ȥ, һд?ʼ, ȥ?

ٽɽ, ǽǴﲻ
??һĹͷ˺Ը㣬ں΢ҡ, ??ǵΡ
, Ů֧??һª̯ӣд??ֵбб??
Ů??ɴ, Ʋò, ֻ¶һ˫ۣĿ峺۲ˡ
̯ǰ??˳Ķ, ʱ?·ȴεĺ, ??ӵǴһô˳Ķ飿
ָ??Ǵбб??ᦣƲ?Ŀ
ģ?ɻĲ, ɱǸƭӣ
??ӵԾͲˡ
ǿ㲻֪ҡͷԵλڴ˴յ̯ˡѽ, ֻҪһ, ƾ֪, ˵׼ˣ
Ųŵͫ?Է??, ??˶ҡ
˼ұҲƺˡ
;͵ȥȥͺͷ??ȥ, ջָ??ֲֵõأҶ˪?ˡ

һֱ˰
ֱյ͸֦ҶŮϣһλҲ??Ĵȥ¶ɴüĿŻչһ˫۾Ŀ峺úɫµȪ
??̯λֽȥɴ¶Цʱǳǳ΢΢ȥһżΪıݡ
شӹµĳ֣ʱ?̽??⴩еǺĿ̯λ
ѾµˣȴԾɶ̻𷲳е档
λŮǷˣ?˾ξŮá
Ϊ?Ҫµǵһʱ??˵?
һеλǳȻȻ¾ãѵôɰϲⶼ??Ҫԭ
ҪĻ??ʵ⡣
Ϲŵξл?ζ??ǰڲһܱ͸
ôӲ׿ɵΣֻеܿܿͬûܡ
̫ξ½컯ǧǱ̫Ī˼ǻ?ɣ⧗?ҡ񣬴Ӫ?Ӱǲͬ
ǧٹֵ˼оȴ˿Ӱ죬ͬδǵ¶ͯҲͿˣ·ֺ˼
һΪԼǪ?ޡ
ֱǰôһλϹµξ
λξɪ?ն˿ƿأΪųĽ룬ξڽ˳ȥ
ûδգȴȫûͷ
òУ׽ʹԷһ
ⲻЪ?ޣ꣬˵?ǵޱ
ȻʲôеޱҲϣΪҲ뿪Ҳÿ
˾ɣϢֻϤ˲֪ʵǸɢӣ鷳
ʱһͷɫķΪ?˼֣ȴ??ͬ˵?ǿ??ѵöһ͡
㲻Ϊ㲻?ǲ붮
ñⷬ?Ƶһͷˮȴ˵
ֿ˼࣬??ЩξȻԼȷʵǴδ
Ϊ?׷Ϊ?ҲΪ?Ա˼
֪ǵľҲ֪Щĵ˼
??λ˾ɾ
˾Ǹ׵ģǰһֱִ̫ෲ񣬽˵??Ǿʱװ?Ȼһʱúмֵ
Ǿ?ô˵??
?֮ģʼ
ͬ˲е⣬½֮С
һʱûп·ͷײˡ
ñӳ˼оѣʶʹ??ѹסԵ˼άµؿڣ̧ۿԷ
λ忡??ӣչ޳üĿùηٺƱ쾫ĵɫȻȴԾµĿʡ
һ??ӡ
úÿȻǫ?ɫȴҲ΢΢
û?ÿķˡǶԷûа??ʵʵھͨķˣҪҲλ˽ͬš
ʱ˾úܽ΢΢ͷƫ?Էϸܽëһ˫ӡ
ͷһζһλ??֮⣬ûֱȥ̽ȡԷξ
ԷƬע΢΢ü˺һЩ룬
㶣æҲ˺ЩǸЦԲסԲס·ۣͻ??ˡ
ԷδţֻҪ뿪
ȴͻȻһ
??ӣҸһԣ
ʶֳס˶Է䡣
λ??ӵξ΢΢£һ??ĺɤ??Ȼζ֡
ס
ָ΢ɣԷͷҲصس뿪
Ծɲд??ײԷʱŵȻϢӣ??Щ΢̽Ȥ
ֻǶԷ뿪úܿ죬Ҳ֪ûԵٴϡ

ҹɫˣмеķĻһȴ??һֵĵƺ̡
ðڸ߸ߵǽͷһһֵĴｻ??չ˫ۣλƵһԺǽߵһܡ
½??ͷͬ˴˲ٽż䣬ѧ˲ٷϰסΪǱ˿?Ӧ?֣??ˣҲùܡ?һľ
ҹѰûʲô˺ø飻?Ҳ죬¿˸ټȥҲûʲôˡ
ЩʲôأЩ??Եɣջ˲֮ơȥһ??????Ʒζ
ÿģһȣƫһЩֱֱһ?Ժ֮С
ԵĹУҲţ?ͻȻµ??жȥ????ƾ׹䡣
׹һ̣??Ƿˣˤȥ??أ
ԽԺӿ??鷳ѹĿǷΧڡıײ?һǾȫ
Ͼ͹??Ц⡣
⻧?Ժǽߣǽһê?֦ҶסµΣ׹֮ƻһõڵʱֻ仨ûʲôʹ
̵??ⵧ˵ȹϵĻңԺӣͿ?˸ˣ϶һյ裬δֻ??֮͡
ҹɫˣԺֻһյɢ΢ĹΣӳԺ֮ϣӰ´£ģݡ
Ŀ??ȴǼá??һɫǰʱڽײ?λ??ӡ
ԼԺе鷳˵ϲ
ɣȻ㡣

ԷԭĿʱüͷ
ȴδ???ط??ȹڵ֣սЩԷһЦ
??ӣһҸһ¡


36 
, һҸһ¡
峺Ц⣬ѱܾҪ, ȴȻԵ, ·ððʧʧԺӵ˲
ͻأ֡
ƹüƬ, Էϲ޶, չüͷɫøԷֻǾ䡰һԡʱ, ƺһ΢ŵߡ
һԡ
ǵ¸صĸɮ, ķĵˣİ, һ¶ɫ
ھǵԺ˼, СӱĲһμ⣬쳹ʢ֮ӡ
ʮ, ȴһֲ, ҽ޹Բѡ
޷ֻɽȥеĸˡ
Ҫİ֣Ƭ̺¶ɫ, ҡҡͷ, ιһ, Ե˻
ȴ˵, ɷǵ, ׿ѣע¶
нϢ
˭֪, ĸ˫˵ԾһһӦ顣
ƹʱʮߵͣ׳Ӵ˶һ⣬ѣֱѾа˸ͷˡ
Ծ£;һληʿʿŸˣΪָһԡ
ǣ׿ѵɷ֮ͬȣȴҡͷֵûô򵥡ɷ֮ɷˣ׺ݣֻǹӦǳ档
λֳƬ̣ЩȷǷм
ƹĬȻʮĴ˲ҩʯҽѾսˡ
Щɫ
ΪɷĹˣֻ翣޴󡣡ͣƬֻ̣ƣӻ
ӣҪָһ
ƹȴһʾл⣬
Ȼ춨ĳˡ
ѿٵꡣ
˼ת˻ͿλҹԺӵСԾɿؿ峺鶯ɾûһ˿ʡ
·ֻҪһԡ
ĪһҪſڣԷȴЩʧվֱӡ
ĲԸĻ
΢΢˶촽֪Լ˵ЩʲôȴСת˲Ͷʧɫ¹Цݡ
ǿԽʶһѽ۾գգͬȻĵĺ׼ʱԷڡ
̫ûб׽ضԴǶԷʵֿ̫ʹأ΢΢˵ͷ
ϾһЦƫµλ΢΢ȥС
á
ÿ״ͬɵһ㣬ƾջĻȣȴȻڰУջ֣ζá
ǰƹ֪ÿǾһ亹
ʶεľӲջأû䵽Էϡ
¶˾ģҪԷ˵̬ȥͬǰķദܸ̽ξԢ⡣
ƹԼ֮˾˴۵С۵ĳĬ
졣
ԼȻǲ˯ģҲ֪Ҫ˯ġ
ο¶أҹЩ
ƹ͵Ϳѹֵĺۼ
΢΢˶٣üͷȴ֪Եɵؽػ̽˶ӡ
·ǽͷͬڽﾲŵ˸˱ӰɵʧҹɫС
Ժڡ
ּŵĲˮδȥ٣Ծǰ¶ɢ
ƹѹֲסؿһϵĲŲˮ⽦һЩ
ֹסԣĨȥմȾ°ϵˮ飬ɫԵ˼֡
ѼǲԼжûͬһ𣬾һյ裬ʵš
ʹλĪԺеĹʵЩŹ֣ȴٶ롣ףԼԼˣ޷ǹͰˡ
˶ֱֻۣڡ
Ժ΢紵ɫռˣͬһֻзű΢΢ѹ۵֦Ҷ¼˴ĺۼ
֧̯ӣ֮˵ξδ˲ٷ˼Ĺ¡
ûȥ̯Ǯڽйš
ǰ˵ʱֹСЦ
ͷһ½磬֮ǰΪСĽһȥ˾Ƕ߶գѧٷ˼Լ׳ɵĹء
ùĵһһ̡
Ҳ㣬Ұ㣻ֻǵؽ粻ֲͬҲвͬı뷲õŲСĳ롣
һζƹĳ㼫Ϊر
ͬڴĳϾôȻĺسһζѩɣ嵭֬Ϣ
ŵƵ㣬ϸȴֲǵںʱδֻЩ΢Ϥ
ЩȤҪһЩ
ֻ֪ԽԼȴûЩ
ڷ˽磬ǰ˾ǧҪʹ䲻Ҫŷ˵棬ÿյü˼Ƭ̣תɫɿ
ͳһᡣ
ȹһֻʿˣԷΪ˱ʾмġƷΪϺõᾡ
ЩƷſŻԲɢ˵Ĺϸ֮¹⻪תϣͬŶ۲
ʱһƹǰ
ƹԾصɴ۾ĿֱֱЩ⻪תƯӣȥһ¡
ЩɻƫƫԴ
룬ûнĶ䵱Ļң˭֪ԷȻڵûа㷴Ӧ
ֻҪһ㡣
ƹԣŻعǰĹ
Ưˣһ˫Ӻ˰۾Բ۽΢΢˼ȻؾȴҲΪ
ĸ˼ҳġµĽСա
̵ƹǸ̤ʵˣʱţͲڲƭˣ̾һĿƿתϸϸͬǰĹｲҽЩպˣǧĪҪ¶˲ơҪһʹأҲǲһӵ֮һ
գգۣɫ̹
ûн
ƹЩѡ
Ƭ̺˾ģеݵϣǹȽŰɣȥʼҪǮҲ޷
˼һ̣ͽӹУһ飬Էл

յԣ˲˵л񣬶˲Ǯơ
Ѳԣõ˵Ǯ˼Ӧǹˣ˳żȥǼ̡
Ǵ۵Ľ䣬Ŵţӭͣӵ֡
ʰײڣһ⣬պƵƹֻиĻӡ
˼Ƭ̣ǰȥͬƵλ곤˼ҽ𣿡
ƿǰƯعһɨ⣬ӭȴһ¡
˵Ǻƹ𣿡
òλ˼ҵգʱҲûʣ룬ǵͷ
СƾΪѵƹĽЩ飬һʱ̳鲻͡
ĵϧᵽ˲ʣŷƹյмѵãҪԵһлء
ֻǼȻԷ޿УԼҲþţþҪƽǰСƣԼһлԷ
ҪڣͨźԺһСϵӾͱ˴߳
ǰͷλյƹӵȺͷ˳
ͷ˸һ¶棬þסˡ
лҪ˵
Ŷ˭أ


37 
˲, һһ¶䵭󣬴¶˲ɻȻ̾, һλݵṫӡ
ȴ, ⲻйһ֮Եġˡô
ƹʱҲϳ, ƵЦЦ, ûһЦٶȽĿתƹ
ܡҪֱĹ, δڵĶ, תͿػһܹӡ
ĳνþ, תڴ֮, תζ
۾
ѽô㡣
ƹֻ۾΢΢̧̧һ˿ɫ
ƹȴ˿ϵȻ
ѽ, λСͬǶʶ𣿡
ͷ, Ҫش־ʵͬƹҲ㲻ʲôϵʶ
ɵƬ̼䣬ƹɼѩɤ
ţʶġ
һԵļ̻ش, ȴѵ¶һЩ
þЦЩ, С΢΢ȥ, ˳Ļ˵ͷ
ƹ¶Щɫ, ͷһƼλ䵭ĶҲͬ
ҲЦ, ִżֿ԰Ĵ
һ˷⡣
л, ǰǺߡǮӵݵƹǰЦӯӯӦǮƾġ
ƹһǮӣȴЦŽƾ˻ȥ
ȻǶҵľʶһ㲻ҵͷϣ͸ùˣôչǮʡ
÷Ҫܾ
ƹȴͻȻڲ˻Ȼҵľʶѵҵͷϣ
䣬ȴƽͣδֲ
ƹǸ¶ģֻһ˲žЦǺǵشڻǡǡңøͷϺûˡ
ֻջǮлƹƹ
ƹЦⶼҪװ£ֻشˣƹȴͬöߵһɲǣɫƿĿ⡣
ͷͣƹƹ񽫶ͳͻ
֮侲ĬƬ̡
ǲӦþʹͬԷˣƹֿ˿ڡ
סδһ̡
ϻǸ䵭ӣĿƽƽ棬·ģֱͦļȴֽЩ
ò뷨ȴиܵ⣬ֻʵڲýܡ
ԼײǷˣҲûиסʵֲڷǰ¶ŵԷ鷳
ʹҪͬλ֮Եķ˹ӶദһȴҲʴӦ
ҡֱ˵Լ޼ҿɹ飬־ƺ̫׵ֻźˣһٹأٻᡣ

ôǻǸ˼
ƹּһСдλεźѵö˶١
Ȼһδջɫֱ
Ǿʹ˱ˡ
Ի˻֡
ʻ֮УӣĿĵػص֮ϣйŴʱ䡣
һ϶ǹճöȵ棬֮ƷַӣҲӦоС
ùһͷ
˼Ҳµӣ˺Щ˼е֯Լգƹһҵ渻鱦իͷ߸߹һ֧ΣЩȤǰϸϸ
ƹԼĪ꣬Щп룬ŴؾֺƲһ㣬Ƭ̻ӭͣȥ
ϲֻ𣿡
δÿɷƹľͼ˵
һֻǵ֮أͷǺģƯͷ󣬱˵½֮أǷ£ҲûõƷˡ
΢΢ͷϸϵ飬ȷʵӨ󣬵۸ͷɫҲˡ
Լ飬۵˵Ȥ˳ƹĻ˵ͷ
ƹļƺǱ¶ϲ֮⣬æȴ
ȥһ裬ҽȡùһ
Ե˵ͷƹȥ䡣
װִĲˮҲǺò裬ȻȲϵɽ裬ȴҲܹˡ
ƿյŲ㣬ڲ裬ƹľʹһֻСӽˡ
Сؽչϣá
뿴
ø²յֻ⿴ַۣ¡
ƹ׼˼Ĺ￪˿ڣŴ
ȷʵ
ƹϾ¶ϲ⣬Ҫͬú˵˵֧εļ۸񣬲ſһͷȴôˡ
ҲһӣҲһ
ƹЩͷԡӭĿˣһ棬ôһӺƷתСﲻס˸߸ϵ̬Ҫƶ
δѵЩס
Ƭ̵ķ񣬶Ĺʹȡһ漴̯ģݵǰ
ƹƣֻһۣԺʲôûˣֻɴ۾
Ĺ̯ϸһö׵ӣԼĪ۴С
ӵĴСʮ־ˣѵõ̬ԲȣƲһ˿覴ãͨתӨ˵ɫ󣬷ڵĻ⣬һʱŲ۾
ʶҪȥǿӡ
Ĺȴת˲סģֻգգۣƿڵΣ
ǰĻʧƹŻعԷС
˽µ˼ȴɫװﲻĳһۣ
ЦЦǳǳȥִȻ
ƹ;ǰСӦǸͨµģﰲ˼֡
ãƹϸơ
ýӵݵСͷź޲˵СĽ
ƹһ˿ǿӣϸ˰ΣûƳ覴ãӵɫƯѵá
¶˷ڣһСŻӣһ߾ͼæ˿ڵ֪ǷԸ鱦ի
ó°ͣžˣͨһ飬ڷƺҲ汦ˡ
ƿ˿ڡ
ǿԣǲ֪ƹܲܿļ뿩
ƹɫһЩԷһ̩Ȼģǳ׼Լĳ󣬶ȻѲ
̽űһ۸Ȼѹƹļ۸ȴҲ㹻ˡ
Сȴֳֻס򢣬ɫ䣬һ档
ҡҡͷƹ˭֪Էؿڣݳƹϡ
С˵
ƹڴĦĺ壬ðЩԷֲ֪ðһլӣأ
ⱻͻȻƫƹϸ˼ƫƫӵ¶ɶԷֺصش
ºʵػشָ֪ʲôլӡݵضΣ۸Щ󡭡ϲõضΣϷ羰شҲΧЩ˼ҡҵ֪ǱһճԺ䣬Ժӣԭ˼ҪǨȥˡ
ţƹͼ½
Ժӣֵļ۸ԼĪ
ƹ֣˸塣
ڻûףôͷչµˡ


38 
ÿƹȳ, ɫãȻ
ƹãȻĿעţֻֿ˵ףǧᡣ
ǧ൱ǧ, һСĿ, ƹǿϡ鱨ļ۸Ŀ
ò¶ãȻضŶԷ, ɫд˼˼
ƹһ, ҪլӣҲһǵÿǴЩشҲõСլҲ, ǹ, ҵʶһЩˣ
δ˵, þͿڴ
лƹ񡣡۾Ц, ƮƮˣɽɡ
һת̫죬ƹЩûӦ
þֵͬ, Ͱ˵Ŀ
ƹûзӦ
мʮ, ĴСûҲǧ˰٣δһλֱӦȿĵͼۡ
Ӧ˿ϲ֮С
ֱϵڱ
æӦСУˬ죬ɱ𷴻ڰ
ƳļȺͿϲ, ȴֻνص˵ͷ, ͽƵǰ
ǰ϶, ƹִ, ϲɫ, Ҳżȥӹӡ
ֻµתǮ֧ļۿɷϰ, ȥ֪ͷĶңȥǮ֧ǮͬһֽǮһֽɺã
Ȼ˵ͷûУʱòꡣ
ƹֺǺǣһӣͽŸù͹õ͵ǰ
ֻӵ͸ˣպʲô⣬鱦ի
νؽӹ
ƹϲ̵ؾͳȥæųﱸǮˡ
֧ʹƣʱʱ̸̿Ͳ㣬ǽдá
Сƻֻ¶ÿģǸصģ˺Щ˾̸
δȵգʱĹƹʹƱ˻
ƼżһڵķΧ㶡
СﻹǡأϡıȴȻɫ˵гǸɣƫƫ˼һ棬ദúܡ
ƹ˲ĺͽƱݸЦӯӯǶá
ֵһǧƱ¹Ǯ㣬һǧ⻻ʮһġ
ýӹֻ⿴һۣ½ƱݸԷ
ƹԣ⣬Ʊʲô𣿡
ȴҡҡͷ
ƹļʶ㣬˵Ǵլӣ֪ܷǣߴţ
ƹ񣺡
СոһھʹӦǧıۣΪ˸պ⴦լӣ
ƹ񸡳̺ô꣬ͷһԼ׻ˡ
ǡǡ
ǿԣŶСڴĿ⣬ֻӦЦֻǡ
ɶǰƺһ֪СѵЩ֮ģúԼ۸ˡ
Ŵ˸ͷȴԷٴνס
̫ˣܲ鷳ƹ񾡿Ұţ
д˸мϲ룬ִͳһö飬ƹһ
Ʒ࣬ƺȷµһŻҪƯ
ģƽͷġޡ黹Ҫҿ
ֵƹãȻˡ
һҲľ鱦һӾͼţһԼĪʮСУ
ѵǻþˣʲô鶼
Լʮа˵ͣ㲻ûþá
ʶ㡢鱦իƹкʱԼԺЩҡ
عſɽ¶ˮһ˵ĹڨڨЦһ£ﻹǡ˲¶ֻһʱ鱦իҲﲻǮһˡлĺлл
źջ顣
ƹ˲¶ԼĶһأȴҲż¸żȥλùи¶
˰յʱ䣬ƹլӵ
ֱóǮһ˳Ǯӡ˰þõķпԼȻڷ˽簲˼ҡ
о档
뿪鱦ի
ǮƾլӣȫֻʣֻСǮڣ׬Ĳʡ
ֵ˵࣬ͦ
þЦۡ
鱦իѾڶֵľͷǰһͨĲ·ڡ
ȥɥһֶ֣ǾӪɥöȵĵ̣ƺ̫Ҫһ䣬ȥһأ;ЩŴ󻧵լԺµǴլӣλϡ
ȥֵľ¥ݣԼߺȵС̯
ɱٹȣǲմĳʳǲųЩҲ¶˼գȴһֱ۲Щմ̻Ϣĸɫ˳ʳ
ȥ̧žҪȥȴͻȻ˺סˡ
˲֪䣬ֻš
ȻûӦڽֱԽԽ鼱ֳ֮ס䣬ãȻعͷ
ǰ긾ɫ㲶۽ǿ޳Ȼѣһԭ㱣õƯ˲ϣɫ޹⡣ף긾ЩȻضӣȷʲôæڵ֮ǰڳǽɣ
΢㣬ԼûɴҲΪԷȻϳ
˵ͷʱЩãȻ
֧̯ӣ˸տʼûΪҵ֮Ǵ絽ƬҲæ
ʵڼǲǰĸˡ
긾˼ͷдϲסãȻһЩ
˴ʱվڽ룬˳Щæҡ
òɫؽֱߣһ̽˸˵ʶ֮С
Ƭ̺¶ȻɫǰĸҲЩӡ
գλ๫ͬǰġ
Ȼɻнʮ꣬ȴһֱܺãǶŨ⡣СмҲƣƫƫǸЩģЩĲš
ýЩ֪̽³ǮвƵǷҪô檣ҪôѰλ˵ɷȴλѵһĲģԼķһһһ˫ˡ
ֵǣǰҪЩʲô˲˼ڣɷ㺬ЦԵǰ;
ȻһһĹ˵Ρ
Ԥ֪δʱϾ¶ȻɫתΪϧ
޶ãȻؿ
Ƭ̣ڵ
ĺԵ֣ԧϺͣһһֻһ˫ˡֻǡ
ϵЦ⻹ûüĿɴȻŶֻվַͬɣĲԵģ
ǼĻȴʵ˵˳
ֻգӱҩҽļ御

λǸòϵЦҲʧˣƢҪһЩŭĿӡ
㡢˵ص֧Сϣۼź޲ý̯ӶƵ
æסȰοǲ˵õǾõǾҪš
þǰ־磬˷ŵĵź⣬ϲ
벻ţܹŤת
˺Լ뿪ˣŶӵԵҲⳡʾס뿪ˣϾԾͼȴǰСﲻֱԲ䣬ͬĽƭӲһе㱾¡
ý˼תǰȴò֪Ӻ˵ĸˡ
ʿڵ
ˣǸЩͨģʶ㣬ȾҼɰɡ


39 
ǰĸ, ԼͨξԤ֪ġ
ΥӲעֻء
Щƹġ׶Ĺ£类ϱע
ԼϵɫӦĮȻ, ȴ֪Ϊ, ʹشӦ˶Է
, ȥ
¶ϲ, ԭ޹Ҳȼųϣƻ档
ȴԼҲδĲ̡
ŶԷһլۡ
ŴССҩһøϸ
, Ҫҩӭ͸, 룬رһ
ϴЩ, ȴ˾, Ҫǰλ϶ЩͨŮǰ̹ס
˵֮ǰλҽҳ˸ƫ, ˵Ѱһ˵Ĺǻ, ҩסĹ
ԣü
ɫæǷҲ׵ұ㲻, ֻҼɿ
ֻСҩݸ͸, ʹǽӳȥ
ſ, һ仰ȴ, δ
ʲôƫ, 鵤ҩҲĲߵͷ
ڡ
Ŵ, ͽָ˴롣
һӣڳԾ΢ȵȴźޱ
̶ּֿգӾͳһ;ƿ֮ףݿݿɲҲݣ´ϣʱѼԡ
⸱ģԭֹסֹ¡
ⲡüҽþ˷ӣȴֻһ㿴ԼɷԽԽأ۳žҪӦ鵱λĹ˵Ļ
ĿͶá
ýյ̾˿Ƶϵϡ
ῴȴܿ޷Ķ
ǰ˵ľ㻻ɻǾ֪ûжջǾͽסתͶֻء
ֻҡҡͷĲ˷˵Ҳġ
Ͼʹ֮ɫ
Υˣڰ
ǰϢˣٹ˲ϱģֻǰ
ɡ
һ˫յ۾ͨ죬ͷˮٶȹ¡
һֱӦǺͺ˳һˣ˭֪Ūˣд컯
ԭԵȴѵ˫ۡ
֣££ɢҵķתͣϣϢ΢⶯촽˵Щʲô
΢üš
öã˵ޣΪҿޡӦûȲ괺ͬ½ϣҲá㣬ҡúûȥȥϣȥɽˮһͷȥúõӡ
˵һλҲյľ֮ԡ
ȴֹס˳ҭֻ߲סˮۿд˸ת䣬ǽյ˫ϡ
ͻȻЩҲȥ˽Ρ
Ϣ˳ӡ
˵£һת䣬ξʧֻһƬռš
òûлϣȴҲƼˣֻƬ˵ĽҰأҪġ
һɽˮ㣬˭ī⼸֣˺쳾ǰɽˮ֮
ںߣˮ羵ϵɫӳչࡣ
ЦŵģüҲܿչ¹һɫ
Ȼʱеüۣ촽΢΢ţԼҲİȻɫ
ԺطԼڷλ˵ξƼ־Ҳ֪ǣ
ǲǷƽһ˷ңǵĽ֣˾ѹ
ָоʵİϰξȥȴδǵ֮С
÷ҵ֣˺棬һźˮķ
ųԶȥȴȻһ飬ʲô
һΣͬͬǵİԡ
ǧɽİԣŮ붫ɽ޹顣
Ů𣬴ʱ¶˸֮ɫ
ʱ꣬ɫƼȻЩʡ
ͬʲôϵΪҪģʱʵ
ǹȻҭһҭԵһ¶һۡ
˼תʶԼϵȻɫͬǵʱһȻ޶
ڷˡɵУǧ鰮ȴδһΣͬ㣬ԼЩͬ˼Ȼ뿪
·ͷһʶ޳ˣҲͷһΣΪ˺֮˵
Ƽİ飬УŨīزʻƽƽһʣۻ˸С飬֮һЦ
ȴû鰮ˣ컯Ūǰ˵鰮һͬľһ㣬׾ͻУǱǿȻˡ
Щȴ벻ףΪ˰ˣ
ǰֻɽˮһĻ˿Իش

תѹ£ɽۼٽˣǱ£ִߣΪӭӽæš
ҲרʲУͷӿ̵úæҡ
ƹֵвӣͬһ㱨ŽЩӵᡣ
ߵ鱦իĹ£¡
ƹǿʱ͹ʹÿµĻ㱨ʱ̲סϡ
ңλĹ˵ϻлƹ˵ɫȴЩ£ֻҾλʵЩϡŹ֡
֪ǰλĮĶҲЩֻԼʵڱﲻסλ뿪ַ˼ŶԷһһУùŹ֡
ƹɫ䣬δ¶ͣƹͼ˵ȥǹǸδµģǧǸʲôãҵʱʱɫδ䣬˿⶯
ƹ΢΢̧̧ü
ƹ֪Էڴߴ˵ص㣬ͼӿٵɺʳլǸʲôλڳ¼ǴҪֵլԺ˸ӣСת۾ʹӦļ۸񣬻ҰϵҡֵǧƱվͻ˳ȥ˳¼լӡ
˵⾿סӣǻҪչ𣿡
ƹ꣬ɫȴ΢ƺ뵽ʲô
ö𣿡
ƹæͷӻСĵͳһӣݵ
ӹӣż򿪣ֻʾƹ±뿪
Ժعžڽϴ˱̺ûɵ˼ǰĪ֣߶߶˵ҪԵĹ
򿪺ӣµ޲׳ϸһö۴СӨӣж˵Ĺ⻪תλһ˫ҹɫҲӡ
ۼѾգȴδٴγ֣ͷ·ֻ⳾һ⣬ֺһΣתξͽ
ֿһöŵ飬ҡҡͷӺϣȴԺǽķĿۻ


40 
, á
ƹ̧ͷƼڸ߸ߵԺǽ, ջطߵߵ, Цӯӯ
һŹ, ǰθ, ƹȴͻȻЩȻ
ͷ·⼸վǶǰƵİ˵ĹЩ΢ǣҡ
ŶԷԷҲڴ
ƺǼϲ޲֮ɫλӯ, ֺƹ˼ʲô, ˶һ£漴СؿԺǽǿøߴһЩ, ΡΡؽľ֦, һ·ѵԺڣ߽Щ
ƹһĶ, ָ΢΢˶, ȴǾԭ
ýЩϹЦϲް־н, ɰض, ǲǺ֪֪Ӧߵšû, ֻߵߵ, Ȩߵˡ
, ƫƫɫ棬ƹǣǣ, ¶һת˲ŵЦ⡣
λȻðʧȴѵòᡣ
ָʶĦֻװĽУʲôתʶԷһ飿
΢㣬գգ۾ǰЩΪլӣȷʵһ顣
æھǰε֪ģֻ΢΢Ц۴ѽԷϥͷϰһֻĺӣǽڷ޳ָ棬ʶߵź档
գգֵۣ
ϲ𣿡
ƺһ£ͳʲôŵƽ룬Էǰ
Ұ͸㡣
Ө׵һƺڷŹӣҪСȭͷ״ȣɫ΢΢͸

ǼʶƹҲӵƷ΢΢
úԷľɫһ顣
˭֪ƹܿ飬ֻ΢΢תĿ⣬Ƶϣüͷ˼ʲô
ֻΪ˸һԣ
ãȻԷֵ
ãԼŰɡ
ɤǶûȤ
ЩźƲƲ죬ȴҲûǿԼӣ½Ӵ
ĿһתƼһԵĲ¯۾
ϴŵƹĲɢ㣬ˣÿһ
˿ؿڣ
ܸһ𣿡
ƹ΢Ƭ̣Ӧһá
ƹ֮ǰѾһˣʱĳ²赹ˮ̹һ飬ηҶһԵˮעˮ¸鵽¯ϡ
ò֪ĶһӣƹĶ棬ԼȥͷרעؿˮĶ
òϣǰ˼߷ˣһЩС£Ͷ֮侹ҲһɷҲˡ
͸Դ˶һ̽ζ
˼䣬һðȲͱǰ
ûӹƮƵɢȥһ£䣬˳űһڡ
ӯݣ嵭΢࣬ǹеȲ裬ζڴݼȴƴһƳͺһ㣬塣
Ų豭Ŷ澲Ʒˣʲô
Ҳһرζǳ㣬ִ˵ζֱԵʲô֡һһζ㣬ζ
Цӯӯֱֱƹζر𣬽ʲôѽ
ƹԣ΢΢һ£˳ʻû֣Լġ
ζ͸ŨһЩ

ļüվҪݷһ
Ҳ߹һţκƹټһլﾹȻûм̵ˣʱ˰εҲӦ𣬻緭ǽ÷㡣
һַǽսµм䡣
һСֽӽƹ˳СԹ𻨸⡣ճŷⷲ˼侹Ȼд˵ζ
ƹϰðʧֻֽ·ͷĸСϵĵֲöҪһͬҺϲ㣬Դԡ
ƹ΢㣬úļһңŴϸɤòţ˶ȴת˲ԭλ
ദСӣһ˼
뵽һЩԵ顣
Ӻδȴֻܶ˵סڣھӣԶһ
˵ʱһЩ裬ǶǶԻôʡ
ƹ֪һլǰŴµġ
ʱ߶߶˵ҪԼΰݷʱͨʰԣԼҪǮϡΪƹ룬ǸϡŹֵˡ
ȻƫƫӲڣ˵ʱҲһģʹ˴ж©ٳƹȴַ֮ģദġ
Сɤӳ˼лʵ
㳢
ýһ𻨸ݵƹߡ
ʶ죬δʶףþͽУڴݼ仯ŮϸӨָǳǳĴߣһ֪˻ȥ
һЩĿԼҲδĸζ
ȴδֻԼҲһǸ⵽ְֳס򢣬ճǶɲҪ̫ˣ֧̯Ӷûضֻ֧ˣȤ
ȥ֧̯ӣԵģֻԵ
ɽʱͬϺ˾Ϊ죬ʱǾһŲԵȻҲǶЩŵ
ֻۿˣ֪ԭ֮İޣ˸ӵ
˹£侳ؿǵξͬ㵱ն˵ǾĻ
˵Ϊǲ붮
ǰȻͷͬ
ȷʵЩӶҵУȻҪǵǿҿ
뵽תƹ
ƹֱ֣ɫ߷棬֮𣿡
⻰󵨶ֱӣǷѰĹС֮䣬һ乴Ů֮ʻÿʳȴԵôȻ󷽡
ƹ΢㣬϶һδϼɫԸãȻƫƫͷĿȴԾֱֱƺصȴĻش
ƹ۽΢΢ʹסĿе⣬ڵûС
ϧþĻش̾һҲˡǸͨ͸ˣҵ㲦һ
˵겢ȴƹĻӦֻͬһ˻ͷ⽲ŽΪ˲Եʱ˸ôĹ£Թ
ƹͬһţΣÿ;ӵҲǰĮֻҪͺžǧ֮Уüͷ˲ҿ
ͣٵļ϶ƹһ裬ݵ
ýӹһڣͻȻյļš
Цͬƹ˵ʲôɽţĽֵúܡ㲻ôţҪҪȥߣ


41 
ҪҪȥߣ
Сɤ, ڴĹ⡣
ƹ״ˣҲǺ㡣ֻһһֱͦ, ˿Ⱦؼ
ӭ峺͸Ŀ, ͻȻһЩİĳ嶯, ͺǰʮ, ǰݼδ˼
֪ԼΪλ뷨ȴ֪, ǰ˵, ̽ѰԼӰ
˫ӳγ͸չǵɫ, ȴû˿װʲô, ͷͿһ
ƹֻ˲һ˲ͽĿǳǳƿſհ˸Զĵط
͵Ӧһ, Ҫ΢Щ, ȴûƳ˲յ˷ܵسס, ߴЩȥ
ýͷķɽҪ, ŨصȤ, ʱȲҪ, ˽ֵ̽Ľ, Ǹʲôģ
ɽղ˼ͷ¶ĹСǷ׷Ͻͷ, Ⱥйڽ֮Уǳô˻Ļǵɾ⡣
˲У;ƼԹСüĿضӣҽþɵ湫䡣
˴ֲ֣ҲŽеɿ飬ø۾ţƺƬ֮С
ɽ粻緲˽Աڶ࣬ҲúܣûȥΪĳһλɵνȥףһϰף˼һ̻ζʮĽףûͷһ侳Уܾʡ
ƹٳţȻһţʹ۵úܡ
ʱĹǵķ˽գдһЩģҲѾλˣֱֱͬȴƹһ˻ȥ
һ棬ͻȻԼͷһײʱͬ˵ҪΪһԣʱҲĮ飬ŻЩס
ȻʱüżһӣЩ֣ƹһϱɣȴ͸¶Щζ
գգ۾ͻȻһС̯ǰפ㡣
ƹҲͣ½Ų΢΢ͷƺĵص
ǲҲӦʲô
ڣɫһɴ棬ƹһʱûзӦͼֲƼǶߵҡûɣԼһ͸ɺã
˵Ͼ¶һЦüϲյСҲƤ˳
ƹ׹
Ŀֱֱ۶ǰˣƹȴ֪ǲеĺ塣
ء
ԼɤȴЩΡ
ֻ˾ܾ΢΢ɥӵһðɡŲǰߡ
ϵʧ䲻һ˲ʧתֱЦȡ
ƹȴ˽ָ
ǰһ·ٴαһС̯ע⣬²Լϲ
ÿģȴҲû߸ŵˡ۾æѡֻ΢΢ϲĶҲǵͬ˵ѽ׬˲Ǯ㡣
һ˵ţһ˶ҪǮӽˣС̯̯ȴЦеָָʾͬеѾˡ
΢㣬תͷƹЦ㡣
ллЦŵлҪǰ䣬ȴƺ΢ŵ̾ϢһԼס֡
סֲֻһ˲ͷſȵϢȴӵָ⣬ĪУֱĵס
һ˲ãȻٻعͿǰһŵӣ̵£ͬеĿʽΪͬͷһ۴飬ĵƻӳɢڵĹ⡣
ӵֹֻǽڷָ޳ǰʸУǿӳ¾Ȼʧɫ
õĿֻֻƶ̧Լ߲ɼĸ߶ȣ͸оԺϸ΢ĴС
ֻԺͣƬ̣ǿտա
ãȻԼԺһӱԼķϡ
գգۡ
ϵǿӲǡ
Ļδ˵꣬ͱǰ˽ضϡ
ţ͸ġ
ΪʲôѽǺ档
ƹȴֻסĿ⾲һ˲ƻɢĹâɢڵͫžӳӡ
Ƭ̣ɫЩ⣬㾲ƿĿ⡣
ԭйҪͬƹƼ˷һĻֹס˽ŲֻĽ򼵶ʵĿͶá
òԣȴĪЩЩ飬Ǳ鲼֫ů
Ե߳٣Ҫ΢΢ͷܽԷĲ۵ס
ܿ죬ñط֣Էƺһ컵ĺ졣
ʶ̧֣˵ţҪȥһ㲻ͬĺ죬ƹȴͻȻüҵؿ
˲ɫ
æܿӵȺһƧСסֱƹ
ǵһƼԣȴͷһȵƺҪȳԼסֱ۶ܸܵǻڴ
ЩżЩãȻ
֮ǰͬԺлʱżҹɫˣҲϼ
ʱ¶𣿡
š
ƹֻ͵Ӧһ΢΢ʹסеɫ塣
þü֪ڴķ˶ԣżǻġ
ʱЩͳ
һ̣ת˲̧ɫ
û£˾ΣҰ㡣
ģֱԳƵǴԲѡƹĮɫͺһ˲߽⣬ǴЦ⡣
ùҽ𣿡
Ȼҡҡͷ

ҵ˼תͼǰѾֹס˿ԣ״ʱ͸Ų԰ףȴһƬ졣
΢΢㣬ͼʶµУ߬һӣͷմȾɺѪա
ʹٲ˽ⷲˣҲ֪ƹʱ徳ضǳ⡣
üͷ
ǰֻƬ̣ȴƹ촽ЦЦ̧Ŀ֮ɫת˲ֱһƬȡ
òɫֻһͺƱһֻֽ߬ס
ƹͬһɤȴúʱɢ΢С
һ԰ɡ


42 
һ԰ɡ
仰ͻأ, ö˰ġ
Լ˵Ƿˣʱһԡ
׿˵һԵ, бǵóԸϲ, ʱȴϲµĻ뵣û
, ŨŨı
, ӦģȻ㡣Ȼȥòã
ƹ̧һЩ׵ʹ԰, ȴһ΢СЦ, ٶȻҫ˵Ĺʡ
˵ͷ΢ŵӦһá
ȴ֪Ϊ, ȥɫ, ͺһ֮䣬ͻʧһ㡣
ԺֽСĵط, š
ҪҪд򣿡
, Ҫߣȴס
ֻƺ޶ȴִֵ
ûعͷ
ƹϢ΢˼, һ԰ɡ
⸱ģ, ò֪Ϊκۿ
á
̧, ƹĶ, Щ
˶, ֻƣǰ˵ü, ܶ۽ɨģ΢΢顣
ƹ˳Ķ˳ӵغ۾ΪʹüͷҲһɶ¹ƽ
ͺ˯֮С
һ
ԣֻܹΣԤ֪ǳԵδӹµĹȥ
ǰʹοݻ˲ʹ˯˹ȥ״ȴΣ
֪ԼΣῴʲôδ
ͷһβ֮顣
ƺ¶ʲôģֶƹ˯һ˲̧֣˾ֱֱü䡣

˵ô˴ȴܵ˲С
һЩϤȴһʱ벻
ȥӵ˼ֻǱһξꡣ
ƿ˲谭ûأվΣȴȻ֣ԼһƬɵ֮УҲȲʵ
ȻϤںδһʱ䳹ױɫ
µΣͬһΣ޶
ôܡ
ʶ૳ȴת˲ͱЩûһ˿Ҳޡ
˶񣬼ߣȴ֣һϡ࣬ͬλξһ㣬ŨúתƹξеƺԵЩңͿҪɢȥһ㡣
ûзʱ̷űһξ
ϵǣнú˳ܿ߳ϡǰľҲȻʡ
ƹΪɷǵģ¼Ŷݵһ
ɫø⸴ӣԹξʱĮ֮⡣
ʱΥһ仰ȥ˲ʵȴδ뵽תԼһ˵ġΥʱɵľء
ŨصĲʲܼ򵥵һ䡰Υ˵ţΥֻǳ²ؼ߸߹Į
ԭĮ
ãȻţΪδ˿̣ԼֶνĮأ
ãȻƬּ̣ᶨ飬ݵĿصɥ᳡һۣת˲ξ
ڼžķг֣öϴź⣬ȴĨֻϳ˯еƹһָۣһԼɼƹĶ䡣
һ㹻Ƭ̣ʹھʹ˱ȴֻα겻α
ȴͣһ䣬Ӱʧ

ƹٶʱѾתһһ֡
ЩȻԼ˯˺ܾá
ֱӣɿշϤľò֮ףʹȴ·ʲôεȻߣܲһ˿һĲʡ
ԾƬ̵ãȻ
ԼǵãԼʧȥʶǰɽڵգͻȻ˲ƺʹ˴ڻŶȥ
õʱԼǰԼסΪԼһԡ
λðЦƼԼֻżüƺһҪ޳ȤСﲻǰֻһҿռš
ԺͻȻˣŲŲյĻ죬ЩƹȴԾһЩϸ΢Ĺ⡣
ԺתһȦתߵķʱţˣֹһƬȻ
Ǻƹÿʮǰ㱨̵Ρ
ô˵Ѿչȥˡ
ƹϢó䣬ƹȴǾһ
ôˣ
룬ԼɫȻѿܹϵҲ಻¶ˣԼܹ˵߶ָνĻعⷵҲ˵׼
ƹĻֻⲽԺУʾԷ˵⡣
ƹСС˵ˣСĶ
ƹƺƺûտյԺһ֦Ҷï֪ʲô
ƹ̾һͱ˱ˡ
ȵԺ¹ڿռţƹЩƣغۡ
ĵʿһǰɫһۣȴҡҡͷ
ɻЩֻʶԷǲԼ
ʿֱԣֻĲֻٳһꡣ
ԼͻȻ񻯣ƹĵδ֮飬Щпһ¼ŵҪߵ˾ͷ
ֻǡλõĹȴһ⣬¶һ˵磬Ũīزʵĺۼ
Լʱʱ˵Լϲȴֱתѹȥ
ڼɷǡ
˲кˣԼҲսĹޡ
λߵĹЩ߶͹죬ȴ¶ͬµĺͯ
û˿˽ʹвһЩ΢ĩͺһնĹ⣬ֿɼֲ״
֪УǷԼһϯ֮أȴɽڵĵƻ֮£ģӳĵס
ƹȻԼĳϡⲢʲôõס
ԼߵƼ˭ڲͬʲôʱԼһԡ
ƹѵĵײһЩȻЦ⡣
Ѿǰ
ЦԼӣϢ΢ȴᶨ
һԡ
ƹ룬ЩͨȻῴԼ
ɷǣעµһˣⲻ֮׽Ƕ衣
ܿЩ뿪ԼߣǾòˡ
ΪֻҲƼಡ齵ģ
ѹĵ׵Ȼ̧֣ΪԼһ衣
ˮơ
ֳһƺҪңңݸǰ˭
˽ӹֻ΢ɨԼЩָ⣬Ƭֲ̺Զȥ
ЦЦ豭£ͻȻЩƣ
ҪʱһɨԺǽǿøߴ֦Ҷ졣
Ķһλؾ°ȹĹﶯطԺǽȴһǱ£һ䣬ͺһ㣬ȵ˵ء
ƷŹ⻪ͬɣ˵ȷǷһȴż顣
βˡ
ƹϸ΢ȶһƼԼһɢӯӯĹĲݾ
һ


43 
̽ƹξ, ʹһӵľɻ»ɽ磬ֱֻ̨ȥ˾
˾ֲ֪ȥ, ֻ̨һˡ
ʱͬһ˾ˣ, ˾ĵϤú, ʱ˿Ŷ롣
һԸ߸ߵ̴ľϲŲϸװĲ, ǧдƽӡ
һҪ֮ȴû˿ķ˾Ҳʵ벻ĸе˵
֣׾ٵؽһŵ, ˳ͷ׾ͷ½ȥһļء
ҪǱ, ͻȻһЩɵɤ
Ӵæѽϡϡ͡
˾ˡ
ͷҲ, ĬĿ, 淭Ųӡ
˾־Ƶǰһ߻Ƶ㲻ڷ˽ôͻȻʲô
ͷңֻƽ
Ŷ, һС, 㲻Ҫš
ûŰ˾һĪȿõĶűɫ, ȵ, Ҫɶ
ɫ, ϿٷŲӡһҳһҳȥ, ڿĳһҳֽϵʱ, ۾ͣϷҳĶ, ֻϸһĬĬš
ƹʳʿʮꡣʴӱԺգȻ;ⶣ¶ؼꡭ
δ꣬˾ҲƼͷǸһȥĲӡ
ȻǲУǸ֡
ؼΣʮꡣ
һʱ棬ƹ䡣
ʱһ£ȱӯµɫҲŵİףƽĪ˼
ǰϵȴƺЩȻɳڣ۽΢ɼ䣬Ҳ֮ƽ˲١
˵ƹʮ壬إ߷

ΪʲôͻȻҪҪķ񣿡˾̼˼ӻ¡
ЩãȻ˼Ȼͣһ䡰ʮ塱ϡ
˾߶ˣɣѵ˼군군ˡ
÷Ӧ˰ģȴʱȻһ
ˣ
ΥΪ˲޺ɽ磬ȴûɳ淲˸Ĵš
ʹΥҪЩСĳͷʲôɾµأ
˾ƼͻȻᶨ飬Ծ¶룬Ͼð˺
޴ͼȰǰСŮ˼ȴԷݵض˻
鼱֮£˵©졣
һλĲܶ
һڣʶ˲ʱں޵סԼ졣
ǰŮȴǸɵģͲ׽й¶˼ɻ񼸺Ҫ䴩
˾ּҪ޳ˡ
صɣͷһαƳ
֪µǶ˵رŻӣһ̾ûӰ
ǲ㲻
˾ᡣ
ԵǶ˾ŮôɰɽһݵϲֻǼ֮ʶĲ֪λСǸ¶ģ˵ʮûججΪֻһѵýǿǼΪѲ
Сû׷˾ŻƽƽһӣȴǾԴһ飬͵ض£ץԼͷ
Եɲֻ֪Ϊ漰˷ֻصϵһܡ
ϼصλˣȷʵһ㡣
ǰݼܿλ˵Ļǣƾճֻ̨ϣˮٲֻصġ
ģֻһλϹŵͶ½ٵİꡣ
λв֪ٸͷˣæʱûϳԷֻöԷƽ͵Ǳĸ߰
˾ͷ˺һ͵͵»صֻ̨ѾȥϽӣֽϣŴ˿
ͻȻ
˾̽鶼ã֪˳Сɱˡ
ȻλС˵ȥƹˣƹǸֻеͨˣࡣ
˾ȴޡ
ɲ鲻˭뵽һλ·ͳҪʮĽأ
ֻԼĶ

ŪԼҪ֪һ飬µ硣
ΪҪ飬ƹĲ
ĲƺҩҽĽһоͺýˡ
ֻԼ˾ղصķ־пһζڷ˽磬ȴĲҩ
Ǳ־ϼŵ껽ǲݵݣȡ֮ƵϢΪϣȴͬޱȵ岽
ʱϡ棬˼ģ濴˹ǲݵˣû뵽վó
ǲʮһֻһ꣬ͿΪѵ֢
һǲݳҲᵱУôʱָͷһ㣬֮ʱ
ɿһЩۣʶȥ̽ѰһƲͬڷϢ
ܿ㾪ϲۡ
ݾȻڲԶĵطʶ֪̽ĻУȻչҶƬؽģ
ƹһˡ
ջʶһ䣬˲Ϣ֮䣬Ӱͳ˰֮⣬һѾǰ
һɽֵĵͰű˵ͰϲֲȴճһƬݲ򣬾ͺھηرʲô
ǲݾƬյصУҶɢӨӨâҶƬȴֻ֮չš
¶ϲ⣬һɢĲҶȥ
űȴͻȻһɫ󼸽ĺڵ࣬εͷϣһ˫ɫ۾Ŀ⣬ȴƼԵһ˿η֮飬һνϳ岽ߡ
ֻƳһۣͿһ岽Ѿ˾ɢŵаϢԸвʵü
ֱ߹ȥ۵ǲݣڻͼ岽ھʮԶĵط̻ȴҸһ棬ֻ˻˻ӣЩʺͽꡣ
ŻȻ
岽߲ݰֻŶݵϢһҵǲݣӶռǽбд־ᣬӶó˴Ĵԡ
űǻһ岽ŵǳϢ򲢲СʹʲôΥ׳ֶ
ôʱȴ޿ն롣ջߣס˻˸ЩĲҶٶһ䣬³ķС
·ƹһֵǵϤԺǽ΢΢Ƭ̵񣬾ɵطԺӡ
ԺͬϤĽһһλӣһ͸žǧ֮ȻɫЩ԰ףǲصģ΢΢ϵȴһȻã·һͽҪһĴ
ȴһ
ˡ
Ծ¸߸ߵԺǽסʩȻصΡ
һСĽȴ˵أһСĵؿǰǲķˡ
˺Ķ΢ȣ۾
ʵΪض˲٣ȴ䣬ֱֱãϾ˵Ц⡣
βˡ
㻹ˡ


44 
һʱ, ΢ҲͣפԺ䱻ŮƵӯ˼׹ƶ˰ӯ֮С
һӦ˼ĳ, ȴδǰһ˿һı顣
ƹԹ¸, ȴ֪ΪδδԼ˵뷨
ͺӦδ֪
Ȼ˿, ڵһȻ, ƽӭԼյʱԺ﷽Ż뵽˾ͻȻԼǰ
ͻأͬԼһͻأ, ͷ·һһ⡣
Զʧȥ, ǻӿŵѪҺҲһʧȥ¶ȣȴǰ, ٶȹһǳǳЦ
е㡣
ǰŮ΢˲Ƭ, ָͬһɢŹ⻪ĲҶ˰УĶ, һ㱻Ĺڻ, һ΢СĹ㣬Ůߡ
죬ȥûˡ
ǰһжôƹȴŮɤв, ˳˶Է˼, ΢΢ſ졣
ŷ·һ, , ڿǻɢ, ʶ͵˲鲼֫ٺɨڵ벡ʹ, ӿ
һжӦ˼顣
ƹȴη壬ҲȻ档
Լ»壬ȴֱֻ΢΢ǰŮ濪ôˣ
üǲݺƺ޴󰭣Ҳת࣬һ·϶һʵ
һԷ濴ߣЩ΢㡣
û¶˿ɫ
գգۣ´ŵһʱ¶飬Ҳġ
һβѽ
Ӧÿˣɷǵ
ɷǣΪβܿߣ
룬ȻһЩ¼ŵĻе˼
ϹҳһЦǳǳСȥһ
ţû𣿡
ƹ΢㣬ʧЦش
۾ֲһ䣺
ǰͷ˵ˡβǸ
С°΢΢ɫоʹЩȻ
ɣ˵ӦЩη֮ģҪôҪôţܸЩϵ
Ȼ˷ݣ׳־֮ԣƹȴֻ΢΢Цŵ˵ͷκķӦ
һ߽̽Ķͷȥ̽һɻʵ˼֮ԭƽӦڷ˽ߵСĽһС¶ڶ

ƹ΢٣ƿĿ⡣
˶һġ
ľתһȦӦǳްˣһ°һӣһߡ
룬ȷʵͬķ˲һ㣬ò໹̸£ԼͬšԼȻЩģԶͬŵĳ̶ȡ
΢΢Щ棬ָо
ڶԷĿջ֣һʱЩĪ⣬ȴ޴ݼԴͷȶճ
ֵĸܾѹ£ȴһֱӣ΢΢ƿЩԶǿ
ܿ˶ԷߣžԼĺ˳һЩ쿪ʵ㡭ûʲôʵѵú𣿡
ã֮ԼûķˣŨأͱڣΪζԷһƽķӦ
ȻԷʻϢȻƽ̩Ȼò񻰡
һʱ²͸Է뷨ֻӣƹûкһЩʲôԵĲ𣿡
ƹһ˲漴ҡҡͷ
Ȼȥˡ
һҪͬһ˺úЪϢһ¡
ֻվֺʲôӻ﷭һöɵСӣƹ
šգգۣʲôҪҵĻֻҪĬĬţȻסҾͻ֪
ƹסöӣ΢㣬ᡰšһ˵ͷ
þͳ׷ġ
Ҿ
ƹԣָͭ΢΢˽ſڣƺҪ˵ʲôȴֻᡰšһʾӦ
û˻䣬ת˲֮䣬Ӱʧǰ
ƹöӣɾԭأǰͻأʧҲֻж̶һ˲
ǰλɣôͷβĹŹ֣Ȼȫмѭˡ
ľӴ΢ؿŷϸĻƣЩ֡
ӷָᴥϾ棬ԭɵľ澹Ƹ֪ٻ
ӳľоһƬԻŨüתӦĻŵãռţƹȴԼЩ΢Ϥ֮С
΢Ƭ̣ͬһɢţõ׾͵ӳھϡ
ӳʮܿ΢΢ȻɫպǳǳЦʱ΢µСС
м档
ƹţ۵Щ΢Ц⣬ԺŴ
ôˣﲻ𣿡
ͷĹգգ۾ɫЩš
һ뵽һݳֿĵԼģƹûɵؾЩ΢ů
ֻǿС･üͷƹҲü
ŶžӻӦҲ֪Ƿ
û£㲻ġ
ͷӦˣ΢΢üëת˲չЦҲ»صϣͻǸǵƯС
ƹɫҲ˼֣ſڵֻ롪
ڣȴס
Ǹ໰ˣȴһͽĪ֮ڿڡ
ӶĪͣ٣һ˫͸˼ɻ
ʲôѽ
һ㱡ľӣĿֱӣƹȴȻ˫ֱ׶͸ƺԼӰ
һļӿϴԣԾɴů΢縧ӣƴһȡ
ֱֱĿߵĻȴת˸䡣
ֻһԾӵ;
þ¶һЩȻ֮ɫ
ڻ𣿡
ֱԺڣͺĶͬһ㣬΢Сͬ˵ʱϸϢ
Ļ棬Ķӵط죬Ƿʧһӵա
ƹŷǴ΢΢βԣȴ⹴ˣϸϸέҶɨң΢΢⣬ĵһСƬ֮أֱֱӵ֫
ʱ΢βŴɤٴ𣬱֮ŶЩС
ôˣЩ죬Ʋ̫Ҫٹһˣ
ƹ򴽽ǣѹĵûڴţûü˵Цеþ鷳ҡ֮ǰǲͬ˵ˣھסڵլŶƺ˼ԳھܾýŲô˵ˣϾ͹
žડ
жϣعƬĪеϤָ뿪֮عɳĻã֮ɫ
ƹɫ΢
ΣĴ΢΢ɶһǳǳЦĻȡ
лҪ˵
ܣԭôЦ
ãЦãúÿЦÿ


45 
𷽲žƹ??̬ɫ, ⵣǷ??ʲô֢֮
ֱһ˲r???ͳڶԷ??Ժ??ȴѵϸ˼һ
ȻѾr?ݰڵϣƹϾǸ, ?žԵ, Լ̫, Żȥ
??, һɫ?Ծ˸߸??Ժǽ
һǽ֮ƹ??СԺ䣬Ϥ???s?ٱ??ӡ
Ŀܺ, v?һs?Ȼ˸, ??Ƿ˿ʣһȥȴڳ, 侲??Ŀʱ΢΢Щſ, Ҳ֪˼Щʲô
ͬ??ϤǰЩ¶??̬ȴ
ɫ??ߡ
??ûУĿ˽?, ??r?, һ˫??Ŀо˹⡣
಻ͬ??м?Ųͬ??ʣȴûһĿ⣬ܹͬǰңңͶ????һһ㣬Щ΢ů??
, ¶һ?Ц⡣
??б, ϼ˰, ΢΢??ϱ??ɫ, ΢ĩů??һ?ɫ˼䡣
߳?¶??һ?̫ೣԼ??澰, ǰͨ??б֮ȴ̾?һ
Լһ??Ժ, ԺǸ??r?Ӱ֮̽ģͺ??밲š
????֮̽ģҲֻ̽Ķѣ֪ʱȴ??һˣʹ??Ϊ֮ǣӶʹԼδ???顣
ʱǸַ??ȴӭվr?
ȥӹǣֻ׷汾ģЦд۵ס
ſ??˼ɶƮ죬ͻȻԼ??һѾʶ??ͻϲԽ?չҶƬſ
òϣҲˡr?ҪһԾ??
ղ??һ꣬????̦΢΢ʪһ񣬦?˸
r?岻ܿƫ???ȥȴţԸȤۡ
ֻ???㼯ܡr?ȡr?ξͺãҲ̫?ڸţӦ?˴š??ţȴȻһȻϢ??
???΢ȥ?ӰֻһƷ?Ľ֮??
̧ۣס??ˡ
Ŀ֮??˫ĳĿ????۵ף
գգۣǵĿﲻͬƺʲô??˼ɢ
ͻȻǰ??Щȴѿİ??ӿļ䣬·ʧذڡr?ӴܣϾҲ΢΢??졣
?????r?κܼ??ʶ˫§ס˶Է??
???΢ȴƹ??һƬɫע⡣
?ƹȴûмɿҲûнһ??ƺֻǶԭ
һ˲ɿ§ס??˫ۣת̧֣һ??Է͸??⡣
§ס??ֱ۾΢΢һ˲Ҳһ͵??졣
Ƭź??⼡΢΢Щ̣һջ֣?Ʒڲ֮䡣
???
վȺƹջ֣Щִ٫???
??ŷ֣??ϾҲ΢΢??죬ʮۣȴб??һƬɰס
ʱ??Ŀ??Ŀˣ?ǡ
??r?ʲô?ǲӦһλ??缲??ֻǱϾûʲôʵ??ǰҲǺõ׼
֣Ҫȥڳ̬??΢??գƹ??ǰȴִסֹס˶
ס??Ҳ?һ˲ƺǼƣ̧??ǣŵһЩ?ɿ
??ůҲ˲?һ˲ɿȥһСƬȴ֪?Щȡ
þԼʱ˼Щãɢңȴ?ͷѡ
ʿˮͺƤs?ĪҪѿڶ??ʽֻת??⡣
һ?ǲݶѣ𷽲ŽסԼ??ǸжѸ𣿡
ʵ棬ƹһֱһɫͶ?½Ȼ￴??ģҲֻǸӡ
ƹƶ룬?һҭʹϰ?䡣
ŶŶûȻ?ͷ???r?ӦǴ˶𣿡
ƹδ𻰣ɫҲѻָ糣??Ӷ˰Σ??룕?ҲƲ˿롣
þƼ۵?һ˿ʲôԲ׽??ɫ΢΢üžҪ??ѹ֮ʱһ
ôʧɫ
ֱֱ̬дϣһʱö??˿ȥ
ƹϾƷɿ?һ˿Ц⣬ֻǸǻǰͻָȻɫͷ??Իһɤ??Ϳȣ˱?һ??Ȼ
ţ?ˡ˴r?˺?ݶ۽΢΢ʹһЩס⡣
÷Ӧ˰ģֱƹ˶֮??룬ʶŶ˸üֱҪ̫
????֣ȴתʶʲô
㷽һҪ??ģѵǹװ??
??֪?ۡ
??ƹ??Щ??ദƳˣ??ɥ?ȲȴϷŪ???ϷȻ?һ˲ԷЦ˼ȴҲ㹻ʹ档
嵭??ӹȻݾףȴžһ??ˡ
Էԣ?һ˿˼??ò׽档
ƹӣűӣ˫ֱ۵Բ۾ߡһ??С??Ҳ΢΢̧𣬾ͷ·s?ˡдϡ
Ϳ忡Ȼ??Ͼ?Щ΢?顣
??ȴƹ??ϣƾĸϤ??˥?ò˼顣
ȴ룬ô죬Щɰ
ƹſڣƺҪ˵?ʲôȴôЦض˻ͷ
ˡҪǵ??r?ӣۿһܰġ
Цƹ??ͷ΢΢̧??ͬʱҲһЩǰ??ˣͷһɴȻ??Ц⡣
?Ҳͷ
ƾҪͬƹ
ƹԶһ˲
лùȡڣȴ??һ裬ɺã

ڨ????յɢǳ??ͷ㡣
߶ƹ??ôã岻ʱ?ҪһͷһأԷ??Ȳġ
?һڲ衣
??б??սǿ???ϼҲϡ??Ҫɢߡ
Ҳͷһ??΢??ɫͬƹһ裬ȴԼ??ľЩ΢??仯
ƹ??ʱ??֮һл⡣
֪˶ھ֮ú??ȴϣԷΪ??һʲôֱ
ΪԷ??Ҫ˵ж֮⣬ֱ?˵ò֪Լˡ
ƹȻնԣһЩĪ??ɿ죬ǰȻԽӽȴɳδ콵ʹ󲡳ʲô??ϲãҲ???Щһжֺá
һиû䡣
Լ۹ȷʵƹͬ??ʵǲͬ
??ţҲͷ??ЩԼɡr?ǷԷ֮??ǹǣ˳˵һʱҲ졣
v?ʵûȥ٣ɢ΢΢ˡ
յһ??СϣĥǷȱˣ???ӣȴƹٶȿڣЩȻ
ֻһ飬ʵЩǡ


46 
ֻһ, ʵЩǡ
ƹǰ΢΢յ£ͷҲ֮ʹһ˲ŵǸ΢ĻɢĹΡ
ǿϡ, е, ȴ⡣
ƹ, һźӦʲôΡ
ʱ΢΢, ǰֳһǳЦף˶ۣǿӡ
ʱ, ̵ֵԾɲķ, ͬСʱģ޶
΢ȣ, ˼ǰҪϡ
ٿȻЩ, ̧ͷĿͶ
ֱ׵Ŀ⣬һЩ΢Ĵ
ֻǡ
ͷѹ, ŷŵĻ֮ǰ˵Υ, ʲô΢΢¶һЦ⣬ԭӦûмû, ȴȬ
, Щ˼
ȷʵԺ, ֻͣƬ, գգ۾, ֱ׳ֻϵңֲһˡ
˵ʱ, С°;΢΢мֿɰ
ƹһʵЦһЩ
ʧЦҡҡͷ¿á
ýյƺͬЩͬȷʵҵˣ㡣
ƹĺʵһõ顣
΢΢۾Цˡ
ӯӯЦǰƹȴЦ⣬ɫҲ
΢۽ޡ
ֻǣҲΪµ飬ΪκεӰ졣
仰΢΢Ƭ̣׹˼
սЩյԷǰ΢΢ͷֱӶԷʹĿ⡣
ƹƺû뵽˷ɣٿȻ̧۵һĲ졣
Ķ÷·Լڼ٣ͺҪԼĿơ
ȴǳǳЦ
ڵЩʲôѽ˵ţҿɣ淲˸ĸ˵ʲôѲҪȥΪĶ
ԷԾ΢㣬δþͼǿȥɵԪ޾ȥһЩҲġ
գѭԼʶıܳ嶯˫֣סǰ˵
Ԥеƾܲûзǰס׵Ҳûͬһ㵭ƿߣάЩʧĶֻĿ·ֱֱٽһҪĵס
֪Ϊθеȴõ䣬Īϲ⣬ֱֱӿ϶⡣
ú͸˶䣬ȴװݣֻЩرܿ˶ԷĿ⣬ջأԼǰ϶˶á
Ҳˣûд˰ɡ
˵ţȴԼ΢̡
綼Сĵȥ졣
ȴļžһ͵͵Ц
ȻЦҲöζֱĵס
ѹĵǷĪ֮УɫʲôƵģӻͳһϸõСֽ
ֽݸƹ
㡣ЩӻָΣͱ㵹ǺõúܣֻҲûʲôôǸɡ
ƹؽӹһлֱֽ
̯ĵֽһӨ׵ķĩɢŻ⡣
յƹ΢΢ɻĿ⣬գգ۾ɽĩʲô
Է΢΢˵ͷЦϴθ㲻Ҫǿ顣ǧĥɷۣ٣Ƿ˵Ӧǰһġ㰲
ƮƮûʲôνͺǰֻʲôֵһС
ƹĿȴתӣͷöӨ׵ҹɫԵøҫĿ

аɣ˼ɣЩҲʵ
ֽ£ؿڵλãλС¿㡭֮ʲôأ
ĿתԷ
ʹɹͷﺬһ˿ڴضƺЩֹ
ƹĿⶢţ΢
Ҳǲž֮Ĵ䣬ľһЩ΢ı䶯
ԼҪȻģͺһǹ¶ӭյ㣻ֻһжλõɹ֮ǱĬ֮˱仯
Լ֮ĲʱİĿ
ΪĻԵӹһ٣˿ȴΪµ֮
ɣǸˡ
ֻǷˣʹˣܹ
е˼ѹ£΢΢ƿĿԶĵط
һȥһЩδ顣
Ӧõʻȴ룬ԼǶʹΪ֮ϲþ棬ܹǶһ棬Щ˴Сν
һУ
ȻʻƺŸеĹ棬ģĻش𣬷ǴսһЩڴؼʵأ
ƹ΢΢Цһ£ͬ紺΢ůķڵıѩ
ǰɹƺع
ĪĪز
֪ʲôԵ򣬺ķ˼Լһ鷲ϣ֪УɿƵĴϲ
ֻǷʹνһʲôأ
ǲ׺΢һڣת˲ȴգ֮䣿
ö֪
ֻǸԼḬ̫̄Ծ˴˰̰
ȴ֮ܽ˵
ǣִŶڴ۹Цڴ硭˭֪أǷǰһУ߱ϱҲ˵׼
˭֪ɹȴ¶ɫ
ܲҮ
ССϤЦݣǳǳȥԵЦݸֿһ˫д˺⶯
һûȥĵطأ˵ţת˲ϹһЩϺٳֵ̬ҪȥĻҿͬһ𣿡
ƹԸü
ʱһЩ˼Ŀĵĺ棬ֻǸӣ˷ͽѹˡ
ջ΢΢ſյĿ⣬ѧŶԷģȥһá
ӳƯЦø⿪ģжݵøЩ
ʱ̸֮䲻ֿ֪Щ룬ôЦӾֿɼľ롣
ʹ֮䣬֣Ц΢΢µ֮ϡ
ָ֮½ӴƤϸҹɫҲӨİף΢΢ůȵƤ¶ȡ
ֻһȻԼʱ̬漴ڶԷ΢΢۾̬װµջ֡
㡭
˵һͱ̫ڵΰĿԴϡ
浥ɹ΢΢˵ĵüͷ˼˲һ˲
ҹˣϾ󲡳ǺúϢɡ
ƹ򴽣δ
þͬ˻ֵžЩźᡣ
΢ľΪԷ¶ĲɿһЩůʹ
òδһ㷭ǽȥԼ˵ӹǻҲ֪Ҫôܺ
ƹıӰʧҹɫ֮УʧЦҡҡͷ


47 
þһյƹЩ໰, Ҳͬӡͬһĳ䵭ɣǱ¶Щеĵز
Ҳֻǳһնѡ
, һ岻ʱŰݷƹ, ͬ߶߶ؽһЩڷ˽ĸ淢, ԷҲһ, ݳɴʱֻǳĬʵڡ
ҪԼڷ˵ݣʹý˼ࡣ
żҲܲ׽ƹƽ۲һŵ죬֮Ϊ֡
ΨһͬĻֻǷθڵĲ, Ǳǡôǰ, ӭá
΢ķҲڶеˬʡż΢Ҷ, һӦĹζǸ⡣
ɵʵȷ˵øΪ, ʹʱƹʱʱпˣྣҲúܷζ
Ź΢Ǹȥ, ¶СС̾, ͽƵ⣬һԵˡ
ǰ˱˱ڿϥͷкһ
˱ɫķ棬װɲ, ǲĺ, Ķ
ʱĶ, չƹԺǽ, һЩ˲޳ָ, ʱմȾ˵Ĺ
ÿָ΢չҲ֮һ, ΪͬĬĻһ˿ʻ
ַȥһҳһͼ˵ס
÷ֽƹЩæ
ǰҲлҳ⴦Ժ˱ƹͺƹ
ƺ˵һЩӵ飬ƹĬ£˿ֻģζǴ˯˹ȥ
˽ЩӪż򵥣ʵݸӵúܣʹˣһʱҲŪͷơ
ֻǴֻƬе֪ԭһֵ棬ж붼ƹġ
ûˡǰһ㣬ɫط˱ӣͬġ
һþţʵ˼Ѿ⣬߾ͱЩֱǺ޼ɵĴ
̫дڸУƹһɾ֮У˲̧ͷ
ƺѯ֮ĵػعŶԷƺǹ͸¶ɻûüԼǰĿð뵽ʲôƵģӴһǳǳЦ
Լ˾ҲͷŲȥֻǷ˵
ʶ˾˵˻໥Ϊ֪˳ƹѯڸ̾
ĸ̾ȫȻûеͱ߼ʣ˵;òԣЦЩ
룬ԣ϶㡣
ԼˣλŮǡ
úõһɶΪǱһӦǸģȻǣʲô컵İ
ֻżǿ׿ڵ֪Ȼϲײŵ˾֡
ϲ˾֣Լȥ˾֣˭֪˾־Ȼ˽¸˵ľͷ˵̬ͣǺ޲ܡ
ǰƹԼͬˣһʱ͸¶ľǧ֮ĵĮ֮⣬ǱǻҪֵġ
뵽֪Ϊֳ
ԸɵЦǵͷҡͷƹ룬ȴҲĿ⣬
øܵԷٿȻĿ⡣
˫ûбʹ۽ڵ¶ɫĮȻȻ˿ȴᡣ
Ŀֻļʲô΢΢
ͣ˶˼Ҳ֮ƺƷζҪѹֲסļ¶
Ժһ˲ķſգֱ
ǰˣȴͻȻһҪ¡
ֻ̨鿴ƹ񣬱˾ײʱ˾쳣ķӦ⡣
ǲκƹĲ⼸Ҳδģʱ˾һ磬ȴ־в
˾ʱ˵ʲôţԼ˼ò˵ƹĲá
΢΢üͷ˼Ĺϡ
һԵƹ˱ϥͷ˲ᾡ£ãŵһԵСϣҲڶԣֻǾų˼á
õߴϻԼҲδʶ㺡
˾
ҿܵٸ㡭һԡ
ƹɫв޿ܣֻ̧̧ü˳ӵ΢΢ס
ţûʲôģֻǡЩɻˡóЦһ£սЩ̧ƹü䡣
֮ȴЩ⡣
û˳ؽǰ˵ξǱһϤϢϵһ
Ϣξ
ˣûǣǰЩԼӷƹͬԼϵ
ֻǷġԼķϣȻԼ˵ΣʵҲЩ죬Լ벻Եɡ
ǰΨһĿԣȷʵξϣҪε⡣
þ÷˼
Ҫȴһ硣
ѹĵףһ˼ͬƹ̹ԡ
ƹüĵָδջأһ磬ǶԷΪĿŨޡ
ζûж˫۾ֻĺͬǣǶڹۿһ˫Ư۾
ôջ֣תԼݡ
ƹԼʵÿʲô಻˾ǶһЩдŷӡԼڷ˽νʵƾδӶ֪̽һ
ƹԣ˼
ҼΡ˵ƶ
ЩȻ
־ûȻֲξ֮ôյ֪̽κͬ뷨ǣֻһɿã
ѲʼλϹΡһξҲĿãѵλصĽҲ
ֻЩɻǰƹֻֻصķˣȻҲͬϹŵƵľ
һһξǧҲƵΨĶء
ѹ·ӿ˼ע·ŵǰе֮ϡ
ûµģܿıԼ뵽ģҪöࡣͬƹţЩ˼ؿڵô࣬ʵҪǣҪȽ֮ǰöӻҡ
ѷˣš
ƹδʣֻ˳ӵؽӵݸ
ָ΢ͬһ㣬䴥ӹӵ֣һ˲ӿ⣬ĸоֱֱļ䡣
ȴЩգԼȻ
ޱӵ˼£ӹպãЩʧ˷磬δֳ鿴һ
εľٶƹĶ䡣
һΣ˳ξȴڶ̶̰յʱξ亹
˴ֿɼδ
Щ龳ԵĿԣػϣĵȵס
лҪ˵
´ʱŷһ´ʱȻûúá
Ҵ ±һע⣡


48 
úһ, ΢΢Ͻã;塣
ﻹξر, ˰ӡۡ
ɫʵѿ, ƹδϼɫ
ƺϵԼ, óѯ, ȴڿյЩʱ΢£ʶ, , ͼƽĲ
ƺǲ׾Եİ֮⣬÷·𶳽ɫһЩ, ˶
, ǰǴЦ⣬ż̧°ͼ⣬¶һЩưɫ, Щ΢ĵ⡣
ҿɡ˵, 漴ϷشһЩСϲʱһΣʱһƬ
ʱɫƤ΢΢ţǼΪټ֮ɫ
ƹ, ʱ, ż߷ıѩ֮ˡ
֪ʲô, Ż¶ɫ
ǰ΢΢ſ, ƺҪ˵ʲô, ȴûа΢Ĵɢ۱΢͡
ڳŵķ, ƹڴѹͳĳĬȻ
ԭƽ𣿡
ֲչ߬΢΢ɿģЩѹ۸ƽָգ̧ü䣬ƺҪĨȥüͷĺۼ
ǺܵĶδ˭ʱȴͬıһȻ
ᶯḧοϵĳɫһЩ
ɡ
ɤˮպİο˳Ȼس˿ڣԼеȻ繡
ȻһѵõҲøܵˡ
ںͻɫŷ·ŴоѰãȻ
ջûпͬƹ˵𷽲Լʲôֻתᶨɫͫ¾۽Ŀֱֱƹ
¡˵ţЩȵطŲȴԾư̧С°ͣŵСƹϤǸģ
ʧЦҡҡͷڸĻﶼͶģֱòԼ
ãҲ¡˵š
þص˵ͷ
ţģڣһ㡣һ³ɣһ
һŴɤżᶨǴʱӭɨ΢ͷ磬ȴһУӵǰˣһס
龳ƹҲԼİķ
ǵ΢Ц֣˼ﲻеζ
šӦţͬȪɤȾЦ⣬һ𣿡
óͱϣٿȻ΢ЦЩĴ㶣·ûһ㣬ھȴĺ󻰡
ƹ̾һ
ˣˡ

Щغ˵ļĪ繷Χƣһַ·صԭȵĹ켣ȥЩӶǣǾͺʶˣڲչʱ䡣
Ī̾һٶļͱµһɶ
ݳԼ֡
ƹס֣һֿȽǱ˵硢֮ˡ
߰ɣȥ
Ժȴ۶۵ûиϷӦԾ˼ǰξԤ֪ĳ
һԲµյҹĻȴգģߣεۣƹӰûʧڻ֮УֱȫüĿ
֪ȻξԤˣôһĻͱضᷢ˴ģҲ
ܸһΣܸĵڶΡ
ٿȻһЩȴⵣ֮һĲ
ǰ˱;˶ⶣʹʱ˵ȴҲţƹԼһ
ֻһƵıӰѾŵĮܶľȻ̬֮
ƺǼþûжƹعͷ΢΢ɻҲڣ̰ģ˼
ûǲ֪Ҫôͬ˵𡪡ãǲ²ݡ
ֻΪԼһ˷ɣĲ뽹ǷҪ֮ǰķ˸
벻ף˼ȴ֮Ļϡ
Ǿ̣ƹƺҲƬ̣漴

ЩӦ΢㶡
һã¶ģƹ΢۽ޣ̧Ľ͵ǰңպʲô㡣ҵʱ˵ȥɽˮ֮һ
ʱһᣬԼ˷ܵòУпܷԼͬС
ӦԭæµΪ׼
ݸõ˼ѹ£תѯԷδ֡

գգ۾ʮ
ƹ˶٣ƺһ£ϸϸ͵ʮ壬ǡԲؼԲĽա֮ǰǺܸȤҿڡ
ǲĲͷ
ûȻͷ
Է˽ﶼýƽҲʵöֵ࣬ĽӸȤ
û뵽ƹš
ֻϲά˲һ˲žͱһǳɢ
ȵȣʮ壿ûмˡ
ʮǡԲõԺȼƬĴ
ԭһεԤô
һɫЩִš
ڿԣҵġ
ƹƺһüȴҲһزʣֻӦ˺ãþͷ
˼ǲسԺӣ·ľ룬ͽ͵µĳ¼Ժӡ
ʵԴԼʵݣδǹνھӵͷƹҲһ߳ԺӣͬǵĹؼһ㣬һ·ǰ
ʱǲţĸߵԺУݵ·;ĽŲͺǶӹµķˣһͬӹµػţݵ»Ƴ

ܿӱ㵽˰ʮ塣
ƹη÷˸顣
˵ȥϿƻᣬ𶦷еߵ貵ƻ𣬰һԴҡ˲˹ģƹȥǽſƣֽĵһСľܱƵȼüҡͷšײסҲףƹѵôЩ顣
ʵһ˹ˣ߳ǲڵģЩνԲĺӣƺ޹ء
ֻѵöˡ
һϸϸ˼
Ժ¡־һζվƣҹ΢ůζǡʱˡ
۾һЩ׽ס˹ؼʣʼҡͷ
աƣЦ
ɲɣմġȼģһŲС
ƹ֪Ĺǣ˿ǽʾһ֭ѡȥδСãĿҲӰ¡
һڴӦԵʵܼ򵥡
Ȼˮߵģ˻ƣҲʲô󰭡
֣ǵôϸ


49 
˾, ƹǲˣ??һж
?ǭ?˵ʱ??ͣǶ, ˴, ??ӭȥ
ƹ¶, ·̵ŮСȻǲϵ?, ֻҫĹȴ˳??̬ŵ˸?????
?ſ˵棬?ǲۣ˽˻ż, ǲŵ˵л, ޷ǾλεȷǷҲ֪߸ŵλʲôͷ, ɴ˿ò
ҲƬ, ŮСǾһһŹϡ?ģ??Ųºõľƣ??ͽż䡣
, , ŹҲУǳԷĶݸҲϸ, Ȼ?˵ġ
ǽȥ˺, ż, 忡ĹжȥĮ, , ͵Թ˼
ɴĹֻ¶һ˫ͷ۽΢, üëϸᣬӦ?һò
ҲСʹڷ³ˣԾ߹ǰӵķɣʱСǰΪָᣬ??Щʼ֮⣬֮Щ
һżܴ󣬭?ԶһЩĽ̸ͺѽ
ֻλṫһɽɤɴĹ˵ЩʲôСͳ?Ǳ߿ȥһЩ̬ܵȻȻ
ﾲ꣬??ĿͶǰŵһ棬ɫ˵ĺ档
ƺɴֵþˣЩƣG?˻֣??ɴժ£¶һݾ׵һ
һƯЩδȥ֮ȴ??G?һ?ĻȻѼĺò
ʹĶҲ??Ƥ࿴أʱλòʹG?ߣҲǰĶʼ˼ЩƲס
ò˵ǭ?ˣǶһİ䡣
ССʧ̬ĿһһԤG?ϴ
ǵĿȴ¶һһӹG?⣬··˼Ĺָͣ??Ĵ̽˼ȴ䵽һʱõضסˡ
ס
G?һɻ̧֣̾һÿĻζȴһԵĹӽ׽סֹ֣ס˶
ŷӦʲôƵģ΢΢Цһ£¶ǳС
˼ˡ
G?תͷԵĹ˵һ޵ĵ̾
??ˣǶȴЩѰ
֪Ǻ֮䣬G?˻
λŹٵİ¹°ɡ
G?ָİͷβ΢΢ͷҺۡ
G?һ涼ЩȻȴڹµʾ£ʲԸȥֻ¾Ĭڽİʦ
λ̧ͷ??ؾһͷҲϸЩŰ壬ʱװһ˿Ȼ˼
żһ٣ϢͲôӡ
׵ò̽˸¶һ˿ȻЦ
G??Ȼ?ƴϾȻմżϢǲ֪ϢǴӺζ
ֻƬ̣ʹذ٣ְʾ˼ǷĿϵƫá
νҡҡͷƹȻG?ֻʾ༴ɡ
ȵ˼ˮʹָԾȻ֮˵ļҲϳˡ
ֻõעȻϣµΧ汾˴ת
ƹȴҲŤG?ֻĬĬԵ??ˮG?ϡ
ýӹһڡ
̧ۣͿϸܣϵĽҲÿŤG?Ķ䲻ôػһأ¶G?԰һɢŻ
ĿȥȫȻע
ҶԣɤG?ȴܿ÷
һɲͨӣᡣ
Щͷ????ۣG?ȴϸܣ׹ּ䡣
˲֪ҲһȴͬЩ飬Ȼ֪飬ʲôĶЧá
Ƿ֮ãȴֵаħ
G?ǰܵϢ??Դһˡ
G?ԻȻͷ
֤G?⣬ʵ÷̫أڤG?ָۣǰǸˣФG?ЩİԺ֮ġ
ֻǵԼ޹أҲմʲôնֻ??²һԼ˼ΪЩЦ
ǡ֣˼ҷ
룬ʾǰ˵
ȵѾѹ£мֳ費ҲǺԡ
ˤG?֡

ģͬG?һž޲ֻǳǳ֭?֣??ްֹĵ̬Щ
΢΢ƫͷʹƬ̣ʹȡһƷϳ˵飬漴˶Է
۴СͬG?ͷһö??ڷǾ׵ĺñ
λӹѵüĿɫȴ??ǶԲ??ľ̾۲ЩԵ
Щһӿÿ۵ףȴϡ
ӹG?ָֻ˳費ƽɣ???޸??Ļ??ʣʶȤظһ˳ż䡣
ĿͶԷĽ׵ȹʧϳһ˿ζ̾?뵽һ˻飬Щ˼
??Ĳˮӯӯ˵ףһ??ӵ??ƹǶֺõص?Լ衣
?˽ӹ
Щ֣һ̧ۣƹϴ˵ֹɫ
G?գգۣҲ?ֻԴǵ?
ƹһƺݶ?Щݣ΢ڵƫߣſڵ??ƽﶼ𣿡
е?׹??G?ԷЩ΢ί
G?ЩĪȴʶ͵?ѽֻ͹??оǷλˡ
˵G?ԼӦʲô΢΢Բ۾¶Ц
G?𣬤G?Ҳ????ƹһ飬ǿŻ?Ķ??ǤG?һš
????£ִ˻G?أǿӤ?һҩۣõ?ϡ
G?оԼԼץ˹ϣ쿪ͬԷ͵??˵ֻ͹??͸λΪG?˶٣ֳһ˿ζ˵??֪𣿡
ƹǾ䡰ֻ͹??֮ʱ۵ƺһ˿⣬Σ?ءһǴǻȴԾظĿڣƺȷϻʲôĴڡ
?зϣͬ?渵
λЩͷƺͬʲôϵ˵һͦģ붫ôԶأ??˵????ȥ̽һ̽G?أ
G?ʱٶ𣬲һЩ΢ĩ֮̽ġ
G?ЩȻG?µ˽???G?ξɷ·Դƹ֮󣬤G?ԵķˣʧȥȤһ㡣
⻹һäG?Щ١
G?ţƹƺǳĬ???Ӧ
G?̧ۣײԷĿ


50 
ƹĿ, ֮ͬʱֵס֮С
Ҳûͬӹȴͷһ⧲֮, ˽
ǵĿ, سͶ, ӭĿʱ, ۵΢Ҳ֮һ˿˵֮С
зӿ, ͬƱ, 
һˣ¶, ֻЩʲôأ
޴ӵ֪
ƹԾʧ̬, ܿջĿ⣬ŲΣԶһЩ
΢ָؿǰ, ű, ڻһСֽ
ͷĵػȴʶء
ԵشǸлعԴɻؿôˡ
ƹļ䣬ȴֱɤת˲, ҪߵĻȴҲ˸ת, ֱ¶ǳ
˼Ŀ, ǸĿֻסá
õĻȫڶ, ֻһʱ˼
ʱ½ӹĻ, ȻȻ
ܺҲ˽λ
ȴҡͷ
ʲôҪģҽиҪĵ£
, ΪûͬһҪϸʣͼ˼ȫ
˭֪ԷϾͲٶ໰ƿĿ⣬ͷ·𡰸Ҫĵ¡һδ
ٴ̽ԼξʱŹֶʱ򣬾ͺӱʲôԸĻ⡣
ƹܲµضյľʧ̬ص飬Ǽ飬ͬԼŲǳĹϵ˵ǹغʹ¶ǰɫ
ֻǣΡ
ǳǳЦһ£õĿ⣬ȥľ
ҹɫŨأߵĵƻȴʣʮ˼̻˵ǵĻϲԲ
ʻ˰ߣЩ΢ҡΣƮȥűķסĴ֮Ҳ֮Ʈҡ
¡
ջĿ⣬תƹȥͷƣҪͬһ𣿡
ƹӦá
ż䣬ƹȣ˼װϡ
Ұ˲ࡣ
ҹɫ٣īĻһԲңңΪһɫĽ֮ԡ
Ǻþ⡣
ֻǴϱϣһĨɫӰ˾ŲֳЩ΢ֻʣһ͵ľ¡
һǷΪֵʦ˭
ϴĵֻϸˮζ֯ɬޡ
ǼԼȻҲپֻ̣صǸž޲ĹѵģԼе٣һ
ƹʣȴۼƼʪһǵȹںͶҵ١
Ҳ֪λ̶̰ЩʲôʵЩǱ
ǰһ磬ô˿˶µ˼
ͬйҪˣȴס
ͣԷĿȴͬһа棬ʹ˲ݾܾļᶨ
ȥͬһϼ裿
죬޴ӾܾƽüĿȾ˲
Ŷ˻صȵż䡣
ҹɫˣӿʮˣ񻨵ľˣھͶ˿֮С
һ󣬻Ǳ£Щ޴ؽӹݹȲˮȴȣֻ£űָЩס
̾һ
γԷЩţ
Ȼûгסȿ˿ڡ
ҹʲô𣿡漴뵽ʲôƵģɫһףɵǰ͸ҵʲô𡭡
ЩС
ü
ҲӦԼƺ˵˻
ګګҪ䣬ȴǰ˽ס˻ͷ
ʲôأ˵ʵ̫۽磬ȻһϵĲһ㣬ֻлˡ
顱֣ϵƽű׻顣
㡭
Щ£촽źȶƬ̣Ծɲ֪Լ˵Щʲô
غ£ҶԹﲢ޶⡣
ó԰ԲϷ½䱸ֻüѻһЩ
ֻʵں棬һ鷲ˣͬʲô𣿡
ԣױɫ̧ͷ֮䣬ϵĲ豭Ҳûжȣˮ˵Ⱦʪͽˮ½ǡ
δıİһԼصܣԻװƽ
㿴Լ½һ̣֪Լ˵ЩʲôҲ֪ʲô
һԵ˲ûдߴֻԹԵ裬˵ģƵԼϡ
Ķӣǽѹĵ׵ķ˼һ
ǰĹһ˫۾·ܿ͸ģžǸһģһֱԵλݹȻԣڸȴǲݺӡ
ԼϹˣܵһ⡣
ţһг
ǲʹ˵õ͵磽ѹ޴Ҳá
ӺεóĽۣʶνġˣ
ƽͼάԼҪһյĵ
ƯȴЦˣǿν
ɣ
ͣϸĪ֮䱸жȥ߷֡
λ飬ָƺй⻪ת
Ὣңңһ㣬ȻһҺƱͷ˿֮ӹȻͳˡ
Щ棬ȴԾܿ췢Ӧν硣
ٿǰʱͲһˡ
㻹硣Էƺ־ɡ
ǡӦͣСȥ̽Էͷ
˭֪ǹȴûмڵ˼ֱֱϼš
˾ξɣԽá
һ˲㶣漴ȥһԴδӡ
λԳõɹ裬һһ̷ҲɡĿ⣬ûʲôν̧̧ƤһƿڵʲôǷˡ

ʵڲ֪˵ʲôãɹֽ⳶˻ȥǽʱΧ
ʵҲûʲôƼǴӣͬйһЩ飬㶮УͶЩġ
ţ־䶼꾡Щ֪롣
ֻάһĹԳĬԷĺ󻰡
ȻλŻ̸СŮûʧ׵ȣȻ˳Ż˵
ֻ¹ƺʲô£
룬Էûͦ׼
žСŮɤ˵Ҹϡȿȣ̽һ̽ΡΪһأ
仰ƺ˵ʮϰߣѿڶ·ֿɲס˵ȴһһ㶵ġ
̽Σ
ˣŮ˵˾Ƶξ
ԷҪӲԼνξҲʲô£ʱȴֻǱ֮仹֮⡣
ԼؽһĻᣬ˼·
˼˼ȥԼûоܾɡ
ףӦõֳĳصһл
ɫЩܿһξóԸһ㡣
ǹŹֵɣǸ˿Ƕɡ
ֻǼȻӦˣȻûٳһ˵ҲֻܾԷľٶ
ͼһԾĬŵ֡
Ǹ˼ٻһ£Ҳһʱ̡
ϾЩǼúܣͬʮķ˹޶ȫȻӦеĵȻȡ


51 
Դӽξƹ÷, õڶͬҪ
Щ˼ȴֱͷһض˵·ֻ΢, ȻسԷš
ƹȴ¶һЦ⡣
Ҳ֪ǲ, þ, һЦ⾹żֳζ
Ӿͱٴν, е¶ȣȡ˾ԭ΢
Щָù棬ɵ֮Ķɢ
ʵԭξӵġ
龵ǧ, , ӳ֮ľġ
Դ֮, λϹŽξ, ľʱһƬãɢƺλδıξľʲôĪӰ졪˵˽
ȻʱӱƹǶ, Ȼ΢΢ɢ, ǳƹķ򣬾ͺܵĪĸ١
ʵЩõϡ
ͬ꣬ûĹŹΡ
ܿͷӦξƹĴ˸Ӧ³Լ, ξͷһζ˵Ŀ׽֮⡣
⻹档
漴þ뵽Լƹξ֮ʱķ֡ξλϹ֮, Ʃи⾳, ƩƬƵ
ͬϢ໥
ĻЩĻͷ
Ѳλʵµ˷˽磿ƹˡ
ʶĿͶƹԷջ, žĪĻ, δȻţҲҲĶ֮ɫ
þЩ
һģ, ʮ䵭ζֻǶһվͷƷ
ͬˣżҲ¶һЩɫһʱԭһˡ
Լĸʱôţ룬һ˾Ȼڷ䣬ʵ϶ֺÿɣ֮Ҳֲ䡣
ͷһ룬Ѳλδıɽͣ
Ŀ̫̽ƹԭھϵ΢΢̧дϡ
˫Ķ·еܶ޷ǰΡ
ȴһع

ʹǣǰҲմġ
οӣֲĹƭˡȷʵֻֻصķ˶ѡ
þԼЩЦ
ҡҡͷ˦ԺӿЩĪͷȴ뵽һ۵Щζ
Ȼƹܻξ׽Ͽɣ֮ϵôԼǲǿԳԴһΣ
ƹԼ뷨
һȥ￴һ𣿡
ϣڴĿͶԷ
ƹԣһ˲üëƺǼϸ΢һ£ͺӦһá֡
þ˳ƽķӦ
ǲʵʮּʶ㣿ЩӦٰɣ㲨Ҳ档
ɻܾˣһʼ;ƹЩԶ˼ʶŹǿĽ
Ϊλõһ϶Ĵ𰸣Ͼദһ˵Լ飬ƹٽԼĻ⡪þΪֻûüͬԼԼµһ
΢΢ƫͷŶԷĻش
ƹƺ˼һ˲ײĿʱ۽漴ǹЦȣʹĪ䵭ݡ
ûСţҼĵһ׮£㣻Ӧǵڶ׮ɡ
΢΢ԲۣЩԾ
ֻԼǸǸģʲô˼дˣʶ䲻֮ˡ
ЩԷ
˼öƹסҡ
ʾԷֽĵξϡ
֮΢΢ЩӲľӣסֻ΢ůĴ֣תͷ油£ԽһжҪųһᱣġֻ·һ
Ǿ䡰ұ㡱̫ɫͬ˵Щ룬ƹ΢΢ЩʧЦʹסɫֽסֻϸСսһЩ
šӦ΢΢ѹ͵ȴԾˮöʸУöУļ㺡
װƿĿ⣬ÿŵһֻ££޽ǵķ̧Ҫεľһ㻹Ƕʲô¶ûк𣿡
ƹȻૣƺ뵽ʲô۵ɫ΢һ˲Ц⡣
ȴûп
Ǹûʲôڸеӣ͵ԹˡʱһߣȻҪˣڳסЩæز˻ȣȵȡ
ָ⶯΢٣ֳƼϵĲɡ
룬ذ°ֻҪȥ￴һᡣ˵ܽĳҲ˵׼أ
òûʲôĶǶһӾЩζ˲ŷ
ɫЩɶ
ԾǸмֲģҼķ˵Ҳǧ˰ɡֻûʶ㣬Ҳû󵨣ǻ˵źҿһ
˵΢΢۾мȻȻƤ
Ҳ֪ǱľͷĻ˵ˣڻɫ¶һЩζ
˾ȴûż£˼
˲һ˲ڳȻ˳ܷ֮񿴿ŵһ飿
Щ⣬ȴ˳Ļ̧󣬵ǰ
׵˵ĶỬһأ¶׹ϸϸ
ǴſžȣСҲƣӨӨ໥ԣһӾɢųԲ׽ӯӯ
˷ϸòŷ֣ΨһЩرһߣžǷϸ΢ɫ
һڲͬٿͬȴС֮䣬һ˷֣ôôۡ
ģȴδԡ
δͬһָ˵ü䣬룬ָǿŷŵĹϡ
ξͬ̽ξϸ΢һƳͬ
ָ㣬ĿԼ˲ڷӿ֮󻯳ۿɼŨ
ΪĵɢͬƹӰʧӿŤ֮䣬ֻĿãȻ
ײ˺ϵòʵĴҹɫӿʳˮζҡҷİ
ƺһҹʹԲԲһֹߣ͵¹Ҳһ
ά΢΢վƣʶȴ·ξ
ٸƺʲôصĹ£ƿһǣҪȫò


52 
غһС塣
ϡ, ϡϡ伸˼ƾųǿάơ
ӹҪһЩ
ĸ׹ѾӣСãĸŮΪĸڼЩɵȥ, С, ֵ, ֻغǳ̲ϸ˳ȴʱ, Щຣ
ڴ󺣵ִ˵֮Ϊ˴Ĳʲôˡ
β, , ˮӣͬ죻ֻòϵ, ɴԻ, ǵر飬ָСһžͼֵǧ
ԭⲻǧ־ִ˵˿غΪƷΪ֮, ֻͬһݺ, ӳƽ
ɾǰ˵ڴˣ֪ĶŪһν顣
ֿţǿѱ, СС, ˶̸ǿŻᷢϡӡ
ӵ, ˵, ;ټǨƾƶ, ȥ飬ϸˡ
һʱ֮˶, ̸ҲǰأƵʱԶ˸ԭʽСС壬̽ν˵š
òôƽĸ׾ʱز
ӱˣѹòʮＸҪ
һ΢΢ʹҹͬһڰߵĽʯϣĺ̾һ
žҹɫֻʪĺͱӿ˳ᷢϸ΢ǧƪһɵ죬ҹɫѹø
ҹĻȴͻȻ֮Ķߡ
ҹΪʲôˣ̾
һɤƽᣬƺһ˿̽ġ
һ
ܣȴҲԴ
ٿȻһЦ
ͼ׽סɢŨҹɫЦȥѰԴͷȴſռŵĻ죬ƽֺԶ
ʵްֵ⣬ȴǿ򶨣·ٴС
¡ǰ˵ˮ֮ٿȻ䱻ǰӿĻס۾ֻһƬĿİס
ȴǰİҲɢȥȴ׵ĺȡ
Ժհһ˲֣Լǰ˻Ρ
漴֣Լ۾ˡ
ãĺڰ֮УȴûгʶĴʧɫ
ͺſʼһѾ㹻ˣʲôıҲı䲻Ļ
ʵǾúѹģҲẦ£û롣
ԭأԲӦ䡣
۾ʱĸйپͻԡ
ĦԶ˳Ĵֲ顣
ƺһ齸ʯ¡
ǵѰԴͷٶ
ʲô𣿡
ԣ΢΢תͷ­һ˫۾ȴն۽ǹܵߴ̼޷Ƶˮ
һ峺۾ͬˮϴȴûнࡣ

ƫͷͬߵƹ̾û˵˵Ĵ˵
˴ʱʶ̬ȴܸдԷĴڣʱյ˫ֻδֿԾܸܵ΢ͬԼµ⡣
ƹѹĪļ£˼Ƭ̺شԷʻ
һЩ־ִ˵м
ﰡǲǹʲô֮ģ
ƹšһˡ
þЩп
ǿ˲֪˵ıóȻڷǰβƬɢĹâϹ˫ۡ
ƹʲôӦֻּǰԼҲ֪Ȼ꣬˵Ҳиİ˰ɡǰѵûи˴𣿾ȻҾ¶
ʱ¶ѾúûΣһ°ڣ˫Ŀʧࡣ
òлһµ龳ֽ˼תϡ
ʱǿԲͬ飬κ龰ȻϢϢءһĻܽǿӵԴҲͬ˵Ե֮ʼ
ȥɡͬԵƹ˵
ԷȻû顣
ǹ¾ͼǰš
ĬԣϹ۾ҲһȴƲģһĹʺ΢ɫ
򴽣δһԣĿԾ޷۽
ʱ˺Ʋſ۾а
۾ôˣ
ԣЩӲԼۿմһĨԼûʶˮĬòǿˡ
һԵϾ¶˼ֵɫ
һλ׵ӣǴһޣ֮תĻȴ޸ҫһЩ
һһ˫һ۴ʸС
һźƯף˫۾΢΢ᣬԵøӶˡ
ȴһС
ֻԷĬƬ̣
û£һκ۾мּᶨ
ҲЩȻȴ΢΢Цˡ
ҲҪ۾˵κĸ׵Ĳ𣿡
΢٣ٿԾɼᶨҲ֪ĸ׵ʲôҿԾܡ
ס֡
΢һ˲Ҫ
ðһȡ
˵ɤĪŷͣ
˫ֺּ伡Ҳ˹⻬ͺš
Ƿ紵ɹĺۼ
΢΢˽ָ⣬ȴܵһαˮҺġ
Һϣ΢΢
ȻΪתġ
ǵˮʹ˳ĵ£һԲӡ
ǿӸһΣ˾ɿ˺ƽһס֣Ծ̯ϸºϣջ֡
ȷʵǴͷβĵ壬ð
ڱɫЩ޴Ҫվ
ʹ۾Ȼ׵ҹɫסȴӰת飬ڵλá
ʲôˣ
ʳɻ
ȴֻŵģðԾЦ
£ûж⡣ǡ
΢΢һ¡
Ƿ˻Ϊˡ
˰
ȻɻҥǷʵӡ֤
ǲµġضܵĴе࣬¾Լ࣬ͬһԼ
ֻǿ΢ӣĪӿȴһ˿΢ĺ¾ѹ¡
̯ģͷһöԲ飬¹ĵɫУֺƲһĨ΢ϡ
һƷʮ飬ֻ޴ӵü

һԹ۵ȴܿһ
£ǿ֮ʱһöעʱһᴮУּ䡣
ƯҲܶء
ͬʱҲ˵ȷʵҶ㡣
ƺ˵һй£Ǵ鿪ʼ
ͬƹһۣԣ˾ͼξ磬ֻһС


53 
ӲиȰ, ˶Էĵǿ顣
ԣԳ˵ȴʼյͬлһ
ڽʯһҹ, ֱңԶĺ, سƳҹĻ
һƳ΢Ժһǰʱ, ȿ, ͬ
ҵˡ
ԾˮУĴŰ߽ʯ˻¶β
Ʋֻѭķ, ΢΢˵ͷ
Ӿͻͷһ, ƺҪչһ㱡ɴӡ
ƺǸܵϵϸ΢¶ȣִ̧ڶǰڡ
Ͼ¶Ц, һ˫һŽķ
һ, ֻҪǿߣҾҵ㡣
ٻᡣ
˵꣬Ӱʧڲãĺ֮䡣
¹ڿ, ΢, һġٻᡱ
һҹȽŶЩ飬һŲɲƬ̣˳˳سķߡ
ȻϹ۾, ·ʵ߹̫, ۾Ҳ߻ȥο, öһ, ԭһƬڵǰʱȻܿЩ΢ʵĹӰ
ԺŹҹһС
ԳȪ, ңԶĶǶˣ˼, ѻİٸ¡
ľ۾֮ͬ˽簤ýһЩЩֲ˽ҲΪη˿й˵Ĵ˵
Ȼ㲻ʲôɣȴҲľ࣬ͲͬЩҪѾ˼ſ޵һε
ҲΪȪȲİΪ׻Ρ
ǽЩгδ˿䱸ҲţЩѶϢȫ̽ա
̽˵ȣܵԷ̫ڵĽӲ󣬲ջ֡
ȣβ͡
ʱȪȾЦ
ܿɰ
Ȫû˿ɰ
ȪһɤȫȻ⣬
ֹɰĸ
ʹӶ֪Ϊһ¶棬ô̾
ԭЩǻһǳֹһҹﶼ齸ʯ衣
ȷʵһѺɤֻԣûжܴż³ļ־﷢һѺɤ
ÿһߵúʧĿɬȴ·ߵһЩЩõĻܱζþһЩ
ֱԼҵСԺƿЩưܵţתͷͬƹ˵
֪𣬷Ҳŷ֣λ˾Ȼһλˡ
һΣһܲ顪ƼףʱɺϷȥһ˱š
ƹԷϵһϴģͼô˵أţλ֮УΣһĻ󡣡
˵˶٣һ˲ǹЩʲôģˡҼǵǵ鷳¶ɲ٣Ҳ֪񶼽ûС
һ˵𾢣ֳܷעһƹɫԾţܽпܵƫԶؽ߶˼ҷ˹ûʲô˰ɡ
Ҳ֪ƹ٣ͼ΢΢ףǡֻһŵãǰ۾ƺҲްġһ˼ɻ󣺡̽Ľɣ
ŬģЩĲڣһ˫۾ȴõķžһϡ
þﲢһùµĶ໰֮ˡ
΢ů򴽳ƹһЦ
ڲ׽ԷЦ΢Ī㣬˵ɤҲࡣ
ǡĽأ
״ֲǰĿհףͼư֮ת
Ǽǰɡ
ǰľͺƱһתң֮ͷת䡣
ӿξеʱ١
ǻ֮λԤ֪֮ΣֻҪξ֮УǾԵס
Ҳȫ˵Σ΢Щ⡣

ȥľͬ°㻺չ֣ʵЩףγõϡ
֮ʱҹﵽǿ齸ʯ֮һʮа˾ͬȪȡ
ȪͬһЩ˼Ĺ£һ˵趼ɤ渵Щ¡
еĴ˵°ŨҵУԼдûôȪȴʡ
۾Ѿú֣ǿܹ͵ɫ¿ǰ˵ľݣȴܿһ˫һ΢΢ʪֻ䡣
Щᾡ׵ӣ¹ת
ЩӱȪȴͬ͸ǿһ𣬱ֹҵϡ
΢΢۾ȥƣӯӯɢŹģ£ͺһ¹ⱻּ䡣
Է΢΢ģòļһȴǳǳû뵽㻹ͦܿ޵ġ޷òֵǮˡ
Ȫۺӵ־΢΢һ٣ƺ˱ⷬҭһҭ
ûСڣһ壬εġ
£һ˲ȴᲹܹˣҲһϧ
һʱյҲһ¹ŮԳ龳
Ļڣֻ΢΢¶Ц⡣нˣӲЦʱ¶һЩɵı·˶̥ǡ
ȪƬ̣ڣ¾ʲô
һûʹ֡
ʵ
ȴʵ΢㶡
û֣ѹȥĸײ֣ĸ׾Ҳûиһ
ƺƶƬ֮أҵ־͸һпˡ
û֡
ҡҡͷȪȡ
Ȫ΢ȣ˼Ƭ̺ٶȿڡ
ҽɡ
ҲЩȻȴûп֮С
ȪȼҹɫµĲԣ㿴ǱغȴҲ˸Ϊء
˵⻰ʱ۾΢΢Զ
ҲĿԶ޾ĺǶˡ
ΣԼ
ãҾͽɡ

һŶܺãȴ￪ʼ˱ʡ
ûȪȡ
ϸϸ˼ȪΪλֻͣãԼһ֪
һ飬Ī
۾Ѿָ߰˷֣Ȫһһֻǧȡ¡
Ȼĵ׵ĲԤȴһһӦ顣
ļغһз籩ҲӺߵȻҲиԵӦ֮
ֻһεĺ̫ͻȻΪѵķҲδκβף˾ǵضСưܵϯС
޷֮֡
޺жͷûҲԵС
ڻʧȥǡ
ˮУ沨ʶ𽥻磬ֻ΢΢ȣƺǧĪҪ١
ˮۣ֮·𿴼ǰЩңԶˮ֮оȻŹĺâ
ͷֻۡ
һξȻֹлعȴ¶־֮ɫ
Ƽûƹ䣬ǵâɲʲô֣Ү


54 
еʱͰ˿ЩЦ
һж˵ʱ, ٿȻ٣ΪԼɣȴ͵͵һ·
ѹʱƴĿ
ڰ, ˻̽һ, ȥ
ҵͬľ޴˳׽һ, һѱ, ֻ΢΢ȵִһжʵ
屻ҹֻϯк¶, ڽʯԵҹ, ȪҲ֪١
ȻԼѰһλ, ȫȻ֪
Ȫͬʱ, ʱǣǲͬһࡣ
һеԼ˼ȥ̽õڴ˼, ǻ֪˵顣
Լǵǻ˼, ӦûǨԶǨȥĳǲĲݡ
·;ϣա
ʹٽСģҲǸĶ, ƫƫһ׻úǲ
û, 㱻˽, ͬǱĹһ, շתϵĸ֮ء
ΨõóֵĹŮ, Ҫ̻֮صģ, ధִž򶯣ټһɤֻᳪ裬ֻȥַ
ΪԼСֿ̿ϰգӵˣյĶЩС棬ǰ·ңȴȫƾԼĿ̿ӱѧһֺգΪĺӹ
ɣת۱ȥˡ
Щ䶼ҪȴδѰ˵ټ
һѰϡ
һ˺ݵᣬϯΪ͵֡
լԺĹϣʹСˣϯҲ߶
ӹ㲻ǿûŵԵʣʱ˻׹ͷε
ͬ˼ҵĹ֮˽ˣ˼ĳãŮȥƫЪϢһ
һ·ǰУһƫƧԺʱŮȴͻȻм±˽ˣֻڴ˺Ƭ̡
Ӧˣȴ֪ʲôǣţóȻʧƿһԺš
صľŷص֨ѽǴžҹɫĲ֮͡
Ժ䲻һƫͷһѴ򿪵ź¡
Īֱʹ£һҲƿ
ɫƹӰʽƵ֮ڡ
ξڣδӦһԹĵȴȻ
üһȪôǵĹӣѲƭ˺ˣ
ںңžͲʲô˾ס֮أȴ䣬ϰһ֧ţ°ȫڵϣȲʱ֣һβ
ųһһ
ʶǰ֮ˡ
ưɺϢҲ΢Ƴ˲ٿͷǱ˾нڴ˴
ȪȡʶȴҲ֪²˵ĵط
Ҫȥ
Ƿһ˶Ŀؽ׾ȳȥֲԼСԺкйϸǰԵˡ
ķɫܰףƺ˶ôףʵ̫Ϊڴ֮ǰҲֻȪȰˡ
ʱԼ۾ˣȻڻָţȴδ˻潫Ȫȵòȥ
ֻǵȪһ˫˵һۣ΢΢ЦʱβҲƯȡ
Ƶǰϡ
һ˫۾˲ƺˣиɺԵѪɫȴԾľ
ʶ֣ҪƿǵխխȾѪ
ƺתˣ̧֣ȴʮַ̬ܵ
ָͶ˶١
ǷҪ˵ʲôȴԷȿ˿ڡ
ǹ𣿶л
ɤƣ˻Ǻˣ֮
ȴԶԷЩ׽֮⡣
ᡰšһ˾Ҳٶ˵ʲô
һʱ֮ճš
չˡ
˶˵˼ҲﰵҹһȴΪʧ֮⣬ҴģͷûжҲȥˡ
ʹ֡
ƺãƬ̣΢΢ҡͷ˵ǲˡ
ôƺأƺǶƬ̣һͷ
Լ֡
ţɤȴ򵥵תڴ֮䣬ĪĻζ
ļ΢
ľһŵĲ֪ƺֻǵãԼʲô˽ٳ֣⸱̬֮˹ʱʱһЩ̵ŰƩƩŹ˽ǿ۾Ƿᡣ
׹飬ЩҪեȡֵ
ţǷܴ̽ȪȵϢɿһ˺ۣԼϾʱȴãȻݣ̵ֻƿĿ⣬ҲǲõĹҲδ߹ԷԼͬʶľ
Ϥտ£˵ϵúܿ죬ҲŶȥ
Ծ΢ƣȴתʱȴһ˿Ȼ
ͬ˵뿪ˮ̫ãʱǿάΣǲصˮºѼָ
ɲƬ̣Ӧ˺ãһҹｫԷ͵˽ϡ
ˮŵĲδȡ£ת泯ڡ
ϵһ¶ЩЦ⡪Ҳһ˫һۣǷͬԼе޶أ
ţͬλ֪˸˱

ǵĸһůҹΪ֮УŲĲࡣ
һڡ
ÿżҪּӿξ٣ָⷽգֿס
ʱѱһЩȴ֣ԭθ֮Ȫʱദò
Ȫȵϵ߰˰ˣ彥תҲָ֮
żһӴ飬ɫƴʲôһ㡣
ʱ۾Ҳõòˣס۾ɴ
һ˫ʶһۣĪ֮ӿþõסˡ
ȪȲδʧ̬ȴҲ˸ϸͶзִеٴͬллշֻһЩҪ飬ӦҪ뿪ˡ
Ծûлع
Ȫȵͬġ
ֹϺϵ촽ƺҪ˭֡
ȴֻ˵һ֡

󿴣˻ͬƹڵһõкӡ
ԭĵ͵Դͷ
ţȴȥҲȥٺϢʧߵһ࣬Ͻˮ
һǳǳ˴纣üͿ죬ȴƼʲôָһʧŪҡ
Ҳˣˮ˵βһ
ϤĽŲԼȻɫȥͬһϼ裿
ŹȥξȻֹ
лҪ˵
ãˣʲôʱһ£


55 
ƺ˺ܳʱ, ع֯?ٳҲ
û𷽲ξ[?ˮвͬѰĶ, ǶžȻǵڵ巢Ρ
Զ׼, ??, ԶĽˮжڴء
òȪȺúһβ, Ϊλᱻ˹յ½֮ΪλڽˮҲ
𷽲ξĹ£ƺ˲δϳԷ
һ鷳??
??ãȻ, ƺǲһʱ̵пʲ?, ڵȥϸ˵
̾һ??һʱ䲻֪Ҫ?ͬ˵
˵, ?ȥµҪ??, ??ţ?Ƭ̣ɺã
Ӧ, ĿԾ??Ľ?Ʈ
??Ҫһ˶ȥ, ȴƹס??
عͷƹ??ɫƲϲŭ
ʶ
Ҳ?ȴԷִԴߵ, ת˻ͷ, ð, ?һȥ
˴, ҹɫѹ, ľԵԶֻʱʱӿʾˮ²ƽĶ, ҪѵĿһ
ûڦ?ƹԤ֪ƺǷڽյֻֻǰĽˮ??ϢȻĻ???ϸһ˷??Ӳġ
תƹ벻ȥ
ʵԺƹ΢΢һü[?Ӧ˺á
ñûɿ??
һߵ£ƹһԾ˾ֱֱ׹ȥ
ҹĽˮ⣬ԽᱡĺԴ̹ǡ
ڳˮһ˲þ??Լƹһˮľ
˶ŵĽˮ??ӿţԻǣƲԶĵطֱ˺һӣֽƽ
??ŷˮ´򶷵ĺۼѭȥһתȴƼһͬˮеƹ?ɫƺЦ?
δڶԷϼ飬һʱЦ?O?棬սһ?ȥ
ƹδ۾ʱ֪ԼĿע֮£??̽ȶ۽ޣˮۡ
оˮԼס??ͱ΢طסˡ
ϴʱС۾̽ģļӿһͷ
òЦ?ˮɣ
ͷһļ͸һ?ǳЦ⡣
΢΢죬Ҫ
㲻ˮ𣿡
ˮȴֻǻס˵壬˵ڵĻﲢˮдݶԶ???һݣ[?ɢڰӿˮ֮䡣
ðԼȻǳԵĴЦִƹϬ?Ǿ仰آO?һ顣
ƹƺ֮[?ͷһ?ʱ??ĿͶ
ϢˮĬ?Ծű£ѵһĽ鲢ʮ???¶ȴҲȫɡ
ס˺ƺδӦˮô
򴽵Ц?Ū˼
ͻȻս˦?ҪյĬ?ǰ롣
һ˲֮䣬ƹ˫Ȼ΢۾΢΢һ?ʶԼٵһ??
һ룬ñ㳹ͻˮϸ΢Ĵ
ͷһȼĳ嶯Ӧ֯?ì?Ҳӿ⡣
ֻǴкܿͶȫע
òɵǰ촽״ŷĴ壬쾫ĵƯ⣬ͬһɴʱ촽ȥȴ˲˼顣
ͺֻĴжȥߢȡġ
ĸоʮ?İͺͷС¹ײļµ΢ȸУȴ??ԡ
գգۣȥԷ?ϵɫ
˫Ŀɫ۾ƺװ˾ȣһ֮[?ȴ𽥱ɫȡһ˲˲ֱֱƺҪ͸һִš
Ĵʾص˻ȥ
Ŀӣһ۾Ҫ١
ȴͻȻӦԼһҪΪȴ⸱ģ
»??Ҫ죬Ц?˾룬װģ?ǰԷߣֻǸ??ķˮˡ
˵ԼЦ?Ҳ֪©ٳ˵ܷڲƭˡ
Է֮ʱƹɿս??Լǵֻ??ƺգƶ̡
Уٻζȥ
ֻǽ???ʱ??ջȥҪࡣ
??آO?סͼƹɫ΢촽֮??ݣƺҪ˵?ʲ?
ȴ˳
ˣɲᴫֻίưˡ
Ǹ⳯ԷһЦԷһСģ??ʲ?ҲҪȣʲ?ΣգԾ[?㡣
仰˵꣬ƹϵɫ΢ˣֹȴֻٶȹĳˮʾ顣
ֻӦãǰ?̽ȥ
֪ǲǰ?ܵ˴һ䣬??гϢ÷ˮǰ׽Ķͣࡣ
Ц?ա
Ǻóˮߣܵˮ谭ӦҲһ㡣
Ƭ̣һΪ̬ƹԼ[?˳ż΢ɼ??ǰ̽ȥ

ڴ򶷵ĶִܿǴʱƺýһ?ˮ򶼿ʼֲӿ
붯ҵˮӿΪļ͵ƶһ俿
һĳ̶ȣþͿסԼΣƹҲһ˲Զľ롣
ʱǷܿǰߵΡ
ǰԶβͬƬļӿˮ֮ǰСۣ??Ȫȡ
Զ̾һ޴Ӱӣ??̺ţӰˮ??Ķ?
Ƕߣ΢??ϢżȴܿŵĿУһͬȼյĻһı顣
Ȼ
ԾȵüԺһ˼ȪͬһĦ?
ֻΪֳǰҪ̬ƣ?ҪȪȵ
Ȫȴʱ״̬źǲá
˱Ͳó򶷵࣬ȪֲȬûжãǿ֮ĩƵ?ƾһ??ڡ
ɽ?ǲ̫⦍???֮໥ɱġ
鷳òˡ
̾һ????ҪݣȴһĴڡ
˵ĶߣһƬˮл졣
ǣ?˭ö˶˵ŮΪ˽磬ѵҪ׮𣿡
ӵصף??أȴΪ˾ƻƢ??ͨҵúܣʲ?ࡣ
ȴ?ɫ
Ե?ܣֻǽռȻײ?ǰˣǻǾʹ??ɡ
ͶסΣ漴??Σڽף˫ﾡĿ⣬?˲
ʹȴ֮??
ȪȵԴ˿??ĿͶúƹŦ?΢ã֮⡣
??ΪεǸߴòüƣűǾŭ֮ˡ
ͬĿͶö֮ɫȴһ˿ζ
ŶȻһλˣζ˼һֵ̣?Ȼ??ȻûвѪĵ
磬̥ܹⷲΣ
ƺԼ뷨ȡãĺ޺ɫ˳֮⡣
ȴ׳ɫ


56 
, ̥ܹⷲΣ
ң
õʱŭȳϢ֮, ŲСѹ֮ơ
ˮ︡Ǳŵ˾֮һ͡
ƹȴɫ΢, ֻܵ, ȵѹСƹ, ͬҹɷķ磬δӰ졣
õ֮·жѣȴڹؼڳ֮ԡ
۷ɨ, Ц
Ŷô, һȻֻ֮ķ̥Ů⡣ĪǶʲôö˼
òӦ, ɫȴԲĴ𰸡
ҲҶ, ֻؼ΢ķˣһ㣬һͳ˻ҡǧ, Ҳֵһᡣ
ĵ׵뷨, ἰ֮䣬ȴͬ
ͬԷ໰ֻǸξԤʾļĪЩ
ξ, Ҳһ, ȴŤģ, ڡ
ǰȻڳ, Ҳ, 򣬶Էȴǻᱩֵģ
ֻĻȷʵϽˮҲ赲˵ľ֮, пӦеĳ
вң㼱ڽǰĶţֻŽЩ˾Ūȥ˵
ڣȴٿȻܵһɲͬǰ˵Ϣ
ǵϢصúܺãˮҷת˲㵽˽ǰ
δü岶׽ǹϢͼͻȻŭʹɫһ˻֮󣬱»̬쳯˾ӿ档
ֱֱһ࣬ѱġ
ûƹܿ³Ļ棬üͷ
ƺǵĪϢ͵͵Ϯֻǵ͵ϮҺݣıѾãһʱ죬û׼ȷ׽Դ
ǵϢÿȥҲ죬һֹ֣ûҲѰҡ
Ϣڳˡ
϶һյʱ䣬֮ӿĻ𼸺Ʊ˽ףףҪûһУˣȴִŴ̹ǵıϢ
Ƭˮ򱻽һңҲܵ谭
ȻƺһЦ⣬һ׽ͺղһֵ͵Ϯ
һȴƹ֪ʱɿ֣Ļƽˡ
ǱѿҪˮ棬ʱ̧ͷűˮԼԿһԲ֮µӳˮУȴƱһ㡣
£ͬξеԤ֪һģһ
ŨصĻңһеؾͳƹӰԼڵķȥ
б°뷢ңػȥһЩ˿赲ԷӰ
ԽƵĻƣסɫЩɵƹȴҲͬʱȪȷһ
͵ϮˣʱһеؿŭţȪȾ赲Ƶķֺ
һȴҲڳһ
Ȫȡ
ǧһ֮ʣȴһԾˮеӰȪȵڣ赲һ֮ǰ
ŭǴ͸ǵӰѪӰƺ߾ûֻѪ赲ɢȵϢÿһƬ䡣
ǵӰһһϮ¾ѪȾ죬ڿƲסƮȻ£֮˵ǰ
ѪȾƬġ
Ȫ§סҲ֧Ųס˱ۣһ˫һ۲飬д⡣
ˣַܲطһɲĹߵ뽭֮£Ҳ֪ǲ²
Ȫ§ʧѪ˶ɫ԰׵ɫЩľȻ촽οϺϣǷһȫˡ
𣬽ૹ䣬һ˲ƮԶ
ĻУףȴ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ڿģˣȪȡ

ʵڲ֪Ҫôȥһŵգƹǲڴʱ
̾һƹް䵽ʵȪȺڣЩãȻοڡ
ƳΪѵɫƹȿ˿ڡ
һ˲ȻصϣٺúÿǾڽġ
ȪɫãȻʹ࣬ȴǽ˽ȥǱ»ص˻ϡ
е˵ȣѰ˸᷿ȪȱСĵؽŵ˴֮ϡ
ȴȪȻ˵һ仰ʶȫȻɢʱ۾Ҫ
صƣʹڳλɣûкʵҩݣҲȻǱġ
ֻ֣̳ܳһõյƹһַͬü䣬ǿ
ɫԾɲ԰ף΢ҵĺȴƽȣͺֻ˳˯֮С
ʶúȪȴ֪һʱǣ׻α겻αһҲܶ
Ȫ΢΢ſյȴ£ƿúƹϾϼЦ⡣
ʵֻһ⡣
ڣһе渵Ҫ֪ġ
ԭ῿˽ĺ򣬲Ϊ͵һ飬׷Ѱ
ʵⱾʲôҪ£ֻ˵ÿһᶼģŷǷ壬̫һʧԵշת
ƺ䵽˷շתȥ½ٹһ׮飬Ϸ鷳˭֪֮ȴżȻĸ
˶óܸ֮Ҳȴδ峺ĸͺٿȻߵ顣
ӶǻƬֻΪ˷ʵҹڽʯ֮һʯϵĹǳ
˺Ĺ£ЩЯƹ￴˸ס
ȪȽЩȻǳЦ⣬ͺڻͬദ
֣˯Ĳ԰ףЦԽˡ
Ȼʱš
Ȫȴջ֣תÿڵùи֮롣
Щ⣬ȴӦ˵
ܰһ𣿡Ȫȵ
ɫ΢㵣Լ˼
Ҳֻ˵һЩ΢ĩĴţһйغһʷ˵˵ڵǿ˳ػġ
ȻͼȪ¶ᶨ֮ɫõͷ󣬴߶Ϣ³һɢӨ׹ӡ
ǿ飬ȴе鶼Ҫ͸ӿƾһ㣬Ũİתܡ
ȪƺѾߣȴ߶ǿؿڴ
ӱûת˲âɢ
Ȫɫ͸һҪɢ䡣
ģþЦмȻúõĻȥҲټǵҡ
ͬƹһۣ˳䣬ֻ˶

ʱʱԡ
Ŵϣ𽥻ָƽĽ棬ԼƼˮδƽϢĹ档
ƹһʶ˲ٴǰδĳ棬ʱ˵򶨣ֻɫҲɡ
ĿͶⰲá
˫΢Բ¶ۣüͷ壬ȴǸƽı飻һ룬ȴˮĵؾ¡
ڿޣ
ƹ촽΢ȴ֪ҪôȰοһõ
ȴԼת
İɽΪϲŮһɽһƬ
ٿȻ俪ڣЩ΢ơ
ƹݣЩԽӻʵǳ֪
òδ˵ֵ꣬
Ҵδһ˻Ϊ飬ԸΪһ˸Լ
ƹĬȻ
ҲδĹ£ȴеؼˡ
ԣһʮңԶǰĹȴĪļһ
˶٣һʮȻ̬뻳УǰŶԷļͷ
ҲŤ󣬷߬½󣬽ᾡǰ
սǴļװһɫĺڵ岽ߣһͬ඼ҪһЩÿһ磬ѵˮա
þģɫĿĬŷӿĽˮʱЩ΢ľºͲɫ
ѴƹĻ̧۽ǲᣬӦƵػͷһǸƺʲôҲûпֻЩɻüë
ȴŵ˻˻ӣڼװͣû˿Ľ˽ˮ֮С
лҪ˵
±ƽʱ~~~~


57 
ٽϻǸƽһҹ, ֻһĿǽ塣
һ׮˽Ȫټȫޣ˿, ȫȻް, ֻǺʧȥй˵Ĺ, ڿǴƵִʱ, ǻ΢΢
ڶ´ǰٶѰ
һ΢Щĺɰݸ˶Է
΢㶡
ǰĹǰ»˼ңǼǵõ, ҹ޹Լ, ֵƵǮ
ʶҪƾݶʹͣλȴɰ, ͬеһ뿪ˡ
ֻɵĺɰ, ͷʮӨ׵飬¶Ȼ̧ͷλӰȴԶˡ

ͬƹһ㲻ж, ȴɿ, ֻ¿һ⣬ƹĽȻһɶ
ƹѰźһУת˾ͰǰĴ㣬뿪, 뿪һ, ȥ
ͬһ, òŷ, ƹ㲻һ, ʵķᣬҲʶȤ, һ棬Ǽ顣
֣ƹˣ˲׽һ֮⣬˵ȫ̴
Լ̬ˣദˣм׽֮⡣
˼̶£öԣָȴЯɽˮ֣ͬһ̽ͨҲһ·Ƽǧġ
ʱڣؽ硣
ĺϡ٣ԵЩ壬ȴ²˱һδȥһǰ̲֮
ˮƺԶɽˮ̾бعš
һͷŽͬƹһͷһûһлš
ĿˣյЩ΢ʱԶʱ辪ţƽ
ýɢȥһЩ˳ŵʹڴòˮָ棬ǵ棬Ⱥһ˿˿޵
ƹƼˣ˲һ˲ЩʧЦ
ã
ι㣿
ѽЦŴ
գգ۾뵽ʲôת³ƹιι𣿡
һ˫۾ڴʱžӨĹ⣬ֱһĶȥѳܾ
ƹ˴Ӧãֵûʳ
䣬þסָཻ֣ͬ˵Ĳζϸ΢飬˳֫ӿĵס
ƹƬ̵ʧ
ٻع֣ͬһȥᴥҡҷˮ
ܵһƬ͵ϢƹģɢƮˮ
ǣ֣˿˿ƵͽУòֺЦĲһֻ΢΢ݵС
עӹרערĶˣĹﶼܵĿ⣬ͷܽװ¡
ô
Ŵɤ𣬱˵ķΧζ
оԺһ˲ĿհףǱ˼ĳ֪롣
Ƭ̣ԭӿߵĻﱻƵļ䣬ȴ˳ǰĻ⡣
ι𣿡
ɵÿԣ˵ûˮƽĻ
ѽǰĹȴ˿⣬΢Ҵ䳡ԹԾ̸ƣЩ׷ģǵģѾӦ˶ãƬоҪɰ¶Сء
˵ԭòˮָҲּʪģͳŴضܿǰ˽һЩ
ƹΪѳʶ׽еãҲѵõĵЦȡ
šӦĻͳһؾӣüۣӹˮ֣ϸϸøɾ
ָ΢٣ȴҲ֣ϸãüۼ価Ц⡣
ƺ͵ЦиȾƹƿĿر
ʮָһһаƯָ
Ͱشһ˲ͷ֣ӣʵιǳ𣿡
ݸƺת˲ʡ
ϸϸ͵ѽһССĸˣҲᰭʹ˾컯ҲҪԸġ

ƹȴԼΪԼЩʲôĸأ
һʱЩԶˣǱõĸп֮Գ˼
˵ԴҲٶԷ˵Ƶ˰ɣҺ㾪ʧ룬̫ûй
˵ţԼ΢΢üëһЩյ˼ģ
аָʶı߶һ٣ɿ
õҲ¶һȻ²ı顣
漴뿪ЦòʵҲʲôͷ˰ɣȻҲ˹ȥôЩҲú¡
ƹȴ΢
һ˲ɣڵ
еʱҲ¡
ʲôأɣ֣
ƹȴЩԳصЦһܶ
ĺƻʱ֣б͵ھ׺棬΢Բ⡣
΢ͬǰ޽ϸķ
ƹʶ̧֣ɢµķ˿ϸϸ𵽶
׾ͺƱȾ͸糺ɫι۽ǡ
΢һ˲ȴǿƵջ֡
һ뷲˵İ֮Уǽͽͼʮˣο⼸ʮ궼һܹӵС
ļ˼ȴһ˫
ð
п
ڳһֻסɽͬǰһװ۵ס
˼ð˵ţ΢΢Ц۾ɽҲ
ͬƹϵΣӵ󣬺
ʵͬǷ˽ĻҲûʲôֱֻЩǣιõҲͬˡ
ʵЩ״ˣҲһһֻ̻ķµĺʱ⣬ƺҪིһܽǰ뾰ס
ӦûмŵʱڣƬͬȾɫԣӦǷ˽粻й
дһЩźͺľÿϧϧǰ˲һ
ϧģʵǿɰ˺޲ҪԸź
ƹͳĪתһЩ
ſڣҪǰ˵
ɹ۾ȴͻȻˡ
Цӯӯ˵û£ҿԸһΡ
΢Ĳ̾бһΣȥƼһС


58 
ֻ̨ÿͲ, ƲͥУҲм֡
ȫǱλСֳġ
˾ɾ˾һһŷĲӣһ߷߷ߵš
Сȥ˷˽̶һʱ, ͸һ׮鷳˵, ˻ѰŽ߶, һλ鷳Ůš
нŲ̤, Ŷ켫ˣûͷ֪˭
ͷظͷĲ, ͷŭĿӡ
, ˣû꣬ĽԼ½ȥ, һʲô˼
һһŮ, һĻͷɫȴŮɫ˪, ŰͬɢϢĽ, ȴЩڨڨɫ
췢ӣ̧˾һۣЩĪʵģҪ˵, ֲǲ, , ˽סãʱճ, ǰǧҲȵ, һҲ
˾ַ˸۶š
֪, ˣúЩ⣬ô⣿˵ߥ
ǸһŮǣͬλʦһ£ʹöˣ˾Щ
ǧżҲǧڣ
ڷ俴˸ˡָΪ˸
ֻһ׮ʵڲǲǵСǻϵر鷳ʦ
˾ŷ֣ԼΪеļλɣȻûһǲ鷳ʡˡ
ߵĻʽƵػ˻֣Ա㣬ԼװģͷһѶ
ֻӣĿϵĲɨѣȴһϤ֣Ƥȴһ
һλ鷳ģ˾ֱλǰģͻȻ֮Ƥ
ɵԤʮ׼ȷġ
ѹͷҪķһۣλŮȴͻȻսЩյǰ
㡭۾ˣƺһС˵ģȴԾӲúܣ˾Ƽ˾ĳλǵ
ǣͽܻµôܸʦһأ
ţرŻеĲӣûʲôƵصǰˣ˼
ѵ
һװİ֮伸ҪվΣȴһذ׵ӰӦɿطסˡ
лл䣬Щʲôˣ˷סֱۣʮ㡣
ĳȴֱػӿֱ۵ģǹ˭
Ůһ޳ʱԼһģվòȵǰ֮ˣҪ΢΢̧ۡ
һ̧ۣײԷĿ
ǵĿʱıģǴһ˿֮⣬˾ּȾĪָе¡
ǳ˼һ߸ϵ֮ͻȻԼ¶飬һЩеûģ˾˭ɿ̫鰮ĹˡҲģӣɵĻӾصһЩʵӣ綼õˡ
鰮֮¿ٵģ¶Ӷ⣬ƩãƩ㣻鰮֮¿öˣ׷ȻҲԽյԼʾõѶš
˾ֽǴʱĹɫΪͼ
òʦ¶©˷ɣ
ţзĵԼһҧأʲôҲ¶
ٴУȴֻĪ
ЩڨڨջԼӿֱۣɫȴŭ۵һ˿ζ
˾ɽĴְֱֲ粻ܿʱȴӿֱֻۣܵвըëȻһЩŪ˼
ʵͬԼʦǲͬ
ʦǴﵽʲô¶Ҳ˼ҵķӦȴһʵǸЩѵӣֻŽһܴŮɣѧԼʦżӣҲ˳һģ
ʱ˾̬˶Ū˼ѹ֮ӦĲ͵䡣
Ȼ֪Լı˵¶Լһ
ʵߺװģʦˣҲǿЩģֻ»һ֮ͬ˾֣Ǵ´ࡣ
Ȼͼǰֶһ
ǧļӣ˵ˣʵǺԼģڱЦһ;ϣɴʱȴҲסˣִǣѹֲסЦû͵͵˳
һһţԹԵţȴ˾ŵòᡣ
ֻСشǰĹʱδɿ⣬ȷʵǱżӵģҪ׵öֻࣻⱻΪĿ²ռͷԣ̾ǰﲻͬյĿɰҲźصķġ
ʱĪЦζȴԾûɢȥ˫ϸ۾װѵһӯӯЦ⣬˾ֿþˣòôˣǰ˵ЦȻҷġ
ô𣿡ɣգգһ۾
Щ㱡
õԵʣͬҲǴģֵ֪λϹŽĵӣʶĬǸӡ
ͬǵĹϵܺãҲ֪ģΪͬýΪ磬֪λЦӯӯСŮʵһΣһֱΪͬǶҪãΪƢͶ
£ȴ֮ãǸʮ䵭ˣмůĳ
˻ԴͼĪ˼˦ȥҲȥ˼ԼΪΪԷһ򵥵Ц͸ĹпֻΪȶ΢ɫѸĵʵ뷨
ʵûǰλŮ˾ԺұһڣҪûʵش뿪÷ŹԼȴͻȻƳûüϸһҳ
ͷı仯ȫעߵĽڶ˲˵ֻػӻ֣ҪôԱҪôߣԼƵǰ£æҵűī
ƫƫ͵ûīֱ
һĵĥīݵպȡֱ߿һЩλá
Ժŷ籩ٸֽϼصġˡһ׮ҪĽһʱûзӦһлͽӹ˱ʡ
ϺڷЩȴӦǰʲô˸Լݵñʣŵò˻δ͸ּžһ˱ӡ
¶һЩɻ飬˾ϸˣֻɻûбġ
ŷģŹкȥͷ˳˱Ÿ첲Ҫ˯ŵ㡣
ڰֹѹסλƹķ˵Ķһ
ؼʮꡱһбһһ䡰ݻʮꡱٶȱճ߻źͷ˾ȥ¾ӣδɵī΢΢ˣ֪˼Ρ


59 
˰, ?ߣء
ص᫣?ֺ, ?ǵִݳʱ, ˶
յɪ֮, ﶼ, ֻԾ??°Ȼģ
·ԶȤġ
?ģǹƹȷʵҲڳ˵֮¡
Ҳ˳׷ŷˢH?Ĳ, ʱʱЩСס
Ʃʱ, Ȼ˵??캮ضȴҲͯ?µʱ, ·˶˺´, ȴֻᱡĳ??˵ľĿ⡣
Ҫ˵???Ϻֻ, ƹ?Ǹ˦R?, ֲ¦R?ŵȴҲŢH?磻ԭƫƹó׼Ķ£ÿβִ˲ƣ??Էľ
ǿˣƹ, ȴûҲмܲסĿ??ա
˹ǳעĿ, ΥڵĴ??, ʵЩС
·֮˶ס, ѯҲùҲ, ??ʼֻǲ˼űӣ·ûϯ?µ, ֻʾ֭źİˡ
Щİ·Ч?Ůϸ?곤Ů˻ʣԱߵĿС磬ǲ?ˣ??ģǽ˱ӡ
ʶͷȥR?ԵƹƼ??ͷ??飬ֲ?ؼˢH?R?ϵķҲ??
ЩãȻƹ??𣿡
ƹҲ΢㶣¶??Щζ??ЦݣH?ȵϸ۵ա
?¶ȱ΢??Щϱ΢΢ĺ졣
ŷ?תе·˵л
ллӹ?ǲѽ
·ҡҡͷҲٹ??ǣֻ߶š֡
ĳ϶ˣòô̹Ȼ
ӣڷ˽??𣿡ʣƹش֢H?ˢH???ְɣǶء
ϸüëƺ??ǿ˼ڤ??֣˾
ǣǽݳգװش˺¡·ƹģʹ??ʼҲЩ֪ǷõϷ
촦??Ȧë׵ߣ??Сѩɰ??·ݳǣ·ӹµæȴҲǷֳĿ??
ƺĿˡ
Ծ??𣿡
Щɻƫͷȥƹ
ƹӸߣƫͷȥҪ΢΢?ͷܿʵ򢣬ϵƯ١
ʱĿĲǶԷ˫ƺ??۾ȴ¶??޳
֪ڿŢH?ĺ¹??£??ᣬȴĪζ
գգۣɢH?Ҳ??¡
ƹشͷϷ
ûУΪ̫ϲ
ôĻش𣬻Ǵ??˿??ġ
þͲٺΪζŢH?תֻſ?ˡ

ݳλ?ƫ֮أѵôҷ֮Ҳ?ȥ
Ǳ??ݳǶ??Щʱգûܹ
뷨ʱƹЩֹģȴ믴?ʲôδֹ˳⡣
ֱ?˼գòףƹǸֹıΪʲô
֪?֮صĶ첻ʲôùļڡ
꣬ûR?մˮƵʪкʹϴ̹ζ
档
˽֣ѩûأȴѩҪ䡣
ƹЦˣɡǱ??Щ
Ϸģ¶Ȼãʵ??˵ġ
믴?ʲô??תǰǣҲ𣿡
ƹҲ룬Ʈ???Զĵطȴ??ջ
΢΢ƫͷ??ŢH?ãЩЦ⡣
ǰشʣת??𣿡
ƺ??ϰʶЦR?ߵˡ
ԣ˫΢΢ãȻӣҡҡͷûаҲ?䯴?ġ
ȴƺ믴?ʲô۾ٿ??
ţϥǡ䡢ָˣЦR?Ĺؽڡɫ΢ƺڸЩʲô????ϸ֮??˼ɫЩ̧?֣??ָ?ƹĦR?ϡ
ЩСɿִӯӯЦ⡣
ָ㯴?H?R?֮ʱƹЯ???֫ٺתR??̹ǺĹϣ?ˮմʪļͷҲٲ?ǷʪϢ
˿˿Ƶůֱֱ??·??ס
ôרΪ㶨ƵŶûЧأ
ƹǳǳЦˡ
ţˡ
þҲ̧ЦЦù
ˮ첢谭˵ӹµæʱʱгӷŻŲ˦R?߲?˵㡣
ƹﻤЩȳɡճֻ죬Ƥס°͵??ѩëѹѹ
С??˫ۣɵƾŪǵ???
ָ˶٣ƺڰʲô
ջջ֣ͬʱƿĿ⣬߽˽ֱߵľ¥
???ŵʱ
??·Ϫ?ֹɵ??ͣȻǱٹȵɣȴ˼ĳʳ??Ȥٶʳõĸߡ
˾¥ľ??ζ·˦R?մȾʪϢȥ
??ר̹ĵꡣ
ʪأгϰߣ?˶ʪ???ֱͷ꣬ʵѰ̹͸??˻ӭ
ʱ˷㣬¥õòˣûпȴ?С??·˰ᡣ
??·϶ˣƹ??չ˯?ÿ??ϰߡ
??Ȳ裬ƷҲ??
ƹȲ˲ˣƬժͷŵĻŷů?ֱߵС??
ñԴ
ˮ˼̻ļҳ¶Ͷ֮ȴǵ󣬱ɣҲˡ
ʳ???ˣƯ?ǰִ?磬ϵĲ˵ݯ?ĿȴԾɸ??Է֮˦R?ϡ
Щ??ĿζأǳԲߣҪǿ
ŵ˾??εϸϸ
þ;Щ㱣ܾ֮ͬǰ???
ͬʶ֮ʱֻ??ˣ䵭Ƶģǳǳ֮⣬ײΣ£ȴϸ£˲?ȻͬH?죬ʱҲ??Ȥ??
˼Զ??ͽƬϵζ?ζٲ׽?üû
˻ĲȥæҵŲˮ
ƹ˽Ĳ裬ǡ?ôصݯ?ֱߡ
ýˮȥ??Ż
ѽ۾űҪʪ࣬ģ??ͷ¶С¹пص˻ܳ
ǣ˵صѲ˸ϵ
öƹ?֮ǰ켣ֻԼ֪šضǸʶģ??Ȥ??Щصķ顣
??³???ţʹʳį?į?֡
ȻشЩƫƧȷǸؽ磬ǳԴ??͸??֣H?ݳǣܿϸ??Ҷķ
ʱ??Եʣǡ˵???磬þ˳˴ǰ̽ͷ????
¥б??ɾ??Ҷķ滹ͦͥеģ??֡
??ۺڴؿƹ
Ҳȥơ
ƹ˶٣ƺ˼
ţ
þȻƿڵ
ķѽҲȥ


60 

ƹƬ̵ĳĬ
ȴƾûԼ˼, һ¾ӣҲȥķͷ档
ƹʶԼӦȰһķǸõط, ˳ľҲʲôϰߡ
ķ̾, Ǹӵĵط
ֻԷ, ת˲һ, ԼҲǻסοҲһҪ໤
˳Ӧãһá
ȥѡ
¸߰ģ, ƹûסһ졣
ɲĲ
İ, ĵò࣬ѵЩ¼, ʶ֮һЩСԼ, ȴ˼龳רſжķ
ƹĵҲǣϾƶ֮ңɼ, Ȼṵ̂֡
ɫдϼ˼, þΪɵĶľ֡
һ¥Խȥһͬϸϸ˵ͬǣ, Ҳҵĺ, ĹɽܷɽŮճɾ, ͳһöɫͨ͸, չʾһԵƹ, ҶĵĲܡӮ, 鱾ڽϵĺ͵˸׹
һͬĹ˾ʲôʱܿϷϲֻԼµ޻δԲ֪ء
ƹ֪˵ʲôá
ϵСԼ룬ǿĲһϣ˾ǽɶȥ
аúЦͬʱ־ЩƶɽɺҲûôңԶ
˰뷨һգÿλʱ¶ʱͨ͸СŮ
·ľ룬˾͵˶ķǰδԥĿһڡ
һ¥мӵССĶǰΧ˲ˣߵͺ˷
ڡ۵
˴Ŵž͸󣬺ܿõС·ǽЩʲôӻƾţҪҪȥ¥ż䡣
ƹ𻰣ֻãϡ
롣
ǿǳԵ淨ɡ
С˵ӦźãһӵĶǰ
ׯƼΧһ˫С۾ϴ˸תǸ˼ʮֻġ
С˺ܹȵͬýеĹغ淨
ǱȴСǳ׶úܣúܿˣͷׯҾͿһ֡
ֻ˽ۻңת˲ֶϣֵλע
ѺˡСƹҲѺһ
ܿһ˶ϡϡעׯƵְŪһƿѡ
һ㣬Ѻˡ
ѺСĶĿ˸߲ңѺ˴̾
ֻáסһ˼ؿׯ˵֡
ѺСѸٵ淨
³룬ӮְʷֵԼӮĳ룬ܿ㿪ʼһ֡
µؿׯŪѵĶƹĿ⣬Ҳ֮˹ȥ
˺ǸƲӡ
ҡһ⣬ٴĿע
ֳ΢⣬˼Ƴһۣ˶٣ѺС
ѺƫƫͷԾׯϡ
ͼׯְѣ΢΢ζһ£ۼɼƿѡ
㣬ԾС
ǵ˼ͱЩˡ
ʶƹһۡ
ƹ⵽Ŀ⶯ˣû©ɫĿ⣬ǵãȻһ˼˸ɡ
εЦһ£ͬýʲôµһȴѾʼˣΧ˾Ϣ񣬽ȫעϡ
ѹҪ˵ڵĻ
һעʼӣԾѺСϡ
ȫĿ;ºעӣׯһ֣ŪذסһƵҪƿ
ƿһ˲óӪļž档
ףôˣǰӦѽ
ׯһûȫ̧ʶȥºϡ
ׯӵ϶פ⴦ķС꣬һʹó뻯һ϶
϶λƯСﶢ֣ЩšֻÿÿȥԷɫһ棬Ҳ˽䱸
ǼǰŸȸ߻һɲʳ˼̻ģͷһĳˣģһ׷˼ķĬµġ
볡ĶĿȳͷ𲽼Ӵ룬һݽӮĿ԰Σֻˡ
ֻǰλˣЩƣһ֣ͲСǺ˷ܵģµˣһ־ô󣬴ͷ񲻸ʹ죬ҧҧӣӮȥƫƫֹȥˣҲǼӴ룬Ծضͬļ룬·νӮ
϶ҧҧ׼Ӯһ֣
˭֪ûѣλһֱôȻ¶СȴͻȻˡ
϶һ㶣漴˾ɫ
ܿҲӦԼѹûȫƿѣԷܿͷ
ֻԼ飬ʶӦЩ󣬾ֽѺˣһʱҲЩ˵
һƹǰСҲȼˡĳϻ꣬δĿûǮѻδҿǰ˵ֱָǳǧĻġ
ֻǿ϶˷Σ˵С˵׼ȥ
СǸģǰΪθ˿϶ؿɣֻͬ϶һۣԽת÷ɿ죬űҵͷһҡ
⻰˵֣뿴׼˵һЩĺã
϶ܿҲӦ
̬ȿɾͱСҪϲ٣һƢõӡ
ʲô˼ָҳǧ𣿡
оĵƦå˵⻰ʱЩɷܻסˡ
ŽƯСȴֻӡ
Ҿǿѽһ£ͱˡ
϶漴ַӦԼȷʵֽţɶֽΪӮʱ뵽һ磬ʱסˣһɨǰɣְѣҪƿ
СѾͷƬӿɱ˵Ϲⳡͷ˵ÿһ仰ɶҪġ
ţ漴ֽҿѡ
ͷϵϣһĺעĿ
СѾͷƬ˵϶ֽӣ㿴Ӯ棬ҳǧǺξģǺξģ
˵Թ۵˿ΣѴ˷ط׷
ѽȲСΪƼͷΣƼˣӮ˵ľ棬αؾŲţӮǮ¡
˽ӵ²¶İɣҳӣ
ۼõ˿ƣ϶һ
֪СôİϷֻ֮ҪԼҧϣһҹУֽ¶µľǱ¶ǰȻ˭棿
ⳡ֣Χ˿ϷˣǰǻС˿ƹͬö˹ǰδʲôСˣȷˣȥ˿ӵĴֹ
ˣ£ѻûҿأׯҳǧ
һͬĹģ㱨ţǹ±ɫʾǽ¶Χϡ
ָ׳ĺ⣬ž˺¡
ҪԵĲƯӣһ˷
λĹӿԵĹʱ⣬ת۽ĿϣȴŸ߰⣬·ǲϣǸ߸ϵߡ
лҪ˵
ãӮôǧҮ
ã鷳Ҫǰǧĺ׾ӣ



61 
һʱ䳡ͬ, ûһĶ
µıһбҲеġ
ǰʵڲ, , ȴֲǸ˼ҹֻԺֵĻ, ЩλʵȨɱζ
֮ŲǺǵġ
Χ۵ԽԽ, ԭһĶĿͣ⻹ƼִһƬ˸ʵ, ˽ָָ㡣
Ȧ˸ƼĶ, Ҫ
ɶˣҸոտķĹ¶ߺŴֹȥˡ
²˳ǧץ˰ɣ
, п˸ŵ˳иС, ˵ĳׯ϶ǧ
˵Ⱥ⿴׵û׵ģһ仰, ʱȻһƬ
Ŀͳǧ, ǻ֣ܿ˵Ƕĳ˳ǧǿɶǹϵǵ棬ûԸ˽ˡ
µļԽΧԽ, Ҳá˲ϵĺ, ԥһ˲, λʸ߻ṫȴһ˻
ȥǵܹ
˵仰ʱ΢, ﵹǲŭ, Ҳûʲô飬Ʋϲŭ, ȴȻһ
϶һˮҳ棬֮žƺмֵɫͻҰһЩ
λƯĹôһ۾Ϳ͸ַȷʵֽţʹҧϣԷȻò֤ݣܼܹ˵ϻݣƱҪǵͷ
пݳǵĶķҪ첻ˡ
ǶԷļһ
ҪִЩƹˤ
ģǸʲôˣ˵ͼ
ǰĹӺŴȻ󣬵ҲƲʲôݣ֮ǳݳǱļȨ˼ҡ
µȴҪһЩǰĹӷǸҺܲǿεģԼҲһЩȨĸλ֮ˡ
һʱûס϶Էƻѳڣ˼תûԼʱðڸʲô̬ȣͼǹֿ˿ڡ
˵ƹ
˵仰ʱûŽֵ϶һֻۣͶµģǶ̬δ仯˲ƳţֻΪǰǾ仰䡣
İµȴĪһ
ҵʹɫ߸С˴֣һ˵˵ͷǰȥΧס϶ǽҲ
Լ򲻸ҵ飬æӵȺзֳһ¥ȥܹܡ

ôʱ̫ףһ仰ôֳ
ΧöˣǲĲ¼Ŀ⣬վǰļҲĿ׺ĸߴȴ¡
ֻƹգգۡ
ôʹһ仰Ǹ˵ϻ˳ϻ̳Ͽֵȥˡ
ȫȻǺ档
ƹԶ˶٣ڰҪǣԷްҪչ˵ģ߾ͳһ䡰ɡ
ƶǶգ۾ĿͶ϶ϡ
һƺü˼Щʲôתƹҷ˵ǻҪôֵôˡ
ȫȻһģ
ƹ⸱ãȻӿ˵ص͵Цˡ
ûʲôҪõģ˵ʲô˵ʲô
˵꣬˶٣ֽķЩǧ׿˵ĹͬһûȻͷֱԭˡ
ЩʱδѹԼΧ۵ȺֲǵĶһ¶ﰹ༼Ļ㱻ĿͶȥ
ķĴֺСƫƫȥʾܹˣҲǰЩʲôֻ
Ⱥȴ
Щ϶Ŀһ͸ֻУֻһ㲦ˣЩ½ԽһʱͷԷȰģƹֱⷬޱĽҲ׹ԼҪķһǻر뷨жôʵˡ
һʱ֮Ȼɥ֮
ֻСĵƹӡ
ƹЩϲµ龳ȫǳʱϵ⣬
ò֪ΪΣܶ۵׵ļζ
ʹܸоȻͬԼ룬ȴǳϿҵҽաûиʲô鷳ɣ
žмֲ˼ֻ¶ɰСӡ
ƹ̲ס̧֣һıӡ
Ҳǽղŷ֣ԭѽ飬ϲһӣģֿɰ
ûУ˵αΣԵ顣
þͿһЦȫȻǰ־ĵش
˶ӣûΣֻǳԿһ⣬Щ档
˹ָʾƹսЩҷſһ⣬ŷ֣ԭ֮һ;ʵں˲ǳѽڳľвΪء
ȷˣĵطƼ˼H
ȴ߼ϸ˵㷽һص˲ˣ׮󹦵ء
ᣬϸϸĶַļ΢΢⡣
ʶɫ

յĹ򣬹ͷ󺹵ػˡ
һķԥ̬ȣȫȻһӡ
ܹӺλĵͬһЦͷܹλȥò衣
ƹüëҲһ£΢΢ͷǹ¾ͱϹϾǰͷ·
úƫƫͷû׹Ƶת䡣
ƹѵõ̾һ䣬ס֣һ·ǣ¥
Ų̤ľƵ¥ݣ죬ǰͷ·ĹȴҲҳ
ǰλӱİܹǰֽⷬ־˵һ˵ܹɫʮ־ˡ
ɻһܹºɸֵؿһۣˣŻȻͬʱҲ˼óȫȻĹ̬ǰҲС
ţλݿ˲ãÿνǱ鲼ϱһľ޼֡
ôҲǸ̰ˣƫƫգǳԾǻʢ˼ܼң˵ǵϵ֪ʲôԭ򱻼ˣȴδܵʲôżʱпˡ
ּвմʵȨˣִ෽̵ҵǲˡ
±ĵԼδٵҲôΪѡ
Ŷȥܹڵ䡣
һ߽䣬ķȫȻͬݹ
λܹӭЦӯӯ̬ǫ
ܹݳźüģСĶķҲЩȨˣⶼʮСľľӪŵĵ
ʱܹЦƹͬöڿԷϲĺò裬ſڵСǶðܹӺҲĳ֪¶ܹסݳǺδĳضŰݷл
ءƹؾˣ²յ᲻أֻϣ¼һУԼˣĪҪɵǺ
ܹӦǡ
һȫȻ֮ƹͬһ趼δͼٽ軹飬Ӻͨ·뿪˶ķ
˶ˣܹŻ˿
ʹŵ̬ȴҲѷϣǰȷʵֵŵ̬ıºȡ
ƫƫôῡʡ
治򵥡
ֻܼλȴǲ֮ˣŵȫȻްѲϢɿĴžȻм٣
пţյĲ裬ȴǻ˽Ǵ˸š


62 
ݳǵĳѩòҲ
һҹѩ֦ͷװؾİ, ƿţ̽һֻŲȥҲ΢ıѩ
̤ŰװһƬ, ܼҵš
ƹŵʱ, Ժ÷ѩ
ܼкܾδͬ˽͹, ⽥غ, ǰҲޡ
ЩԵҲ㲻ʲôǣңֻǴʱͻȻţĪЩ֡
Ѳ˷, δżóеż, ̧⡣
ŵ񻨵ĴȥһЩ, ĿֻԺǵӰ
ѵôһ۵ĺ, ȹ߶˰ɫëȹý˿˴ƬĲ֦Ρ
ѻѡġ
ԤҪݳǹһ, ̸۵, þ¡
ʵʮδͬһˣϰȻһҲô¶ϡ
һȤģҲЩ, ԽĪڴ
һС, ʲôЩ˿˵ζʱ, Ƭ, 𲻳Ȼ, ֲƼʧ䣬ǴúһЩɡ
ʱ·һҳӡ
áһ, ǲֻô򵥣ȴǽĻȫȻ˽ȥǼ̡
Ŀļϱ˲֦Ƶɰϣָָӵĺ𣿡
΢΢񣬻عӦǡ
̵ƹλѵһŮƹҪµҲˣ졣
ӵݳǶ쵱ƯĹңȴԾǶ޲ڣϲмӣЦӯӯؽӭһڴӦЩѸƳСӹĵꡣ
ӹȻ˵㻰Ҳۼػʮգƺõĳ¾ʱϡ
ϸѩϡ֦֮£Ƥ䵽Ө΢ϣЦţָѩȥòֺ
ƺ͸Ͷߣ룬ָ֣飬һƬѩ÷ģȻǰ
ֽӹѩת˲ڻģӯͬ뷲ӡ
Żңңͬӵת۾͵˽ǰ
ƹѩѽ
Цӯӯ·ֻҪͬӣȴзǡ
˶٣Ŀ⣬ŵŷ£ͺ񽫷¶֮Ժ
á
ݡ
ѩʵѩ컹ҪһЩ˵ʵЩˡ
ͼԭЦӯӯ߽ȴͻȻü
ôô٣ɫ棬𣿡
ƹ롣
ȷʵģƺҪһЩֻҲû䵽ȫԳܵĵز
ҡҡͷת˲ȴŵ˵ͷ
š
ƹ漴ʶԼһšЩ΢Щζ
΢΢˶⡣
ȴ⴦һЩϤľϡ
ǡôůӿԼһ˫Ҳ۰Ͱ͸Ĺ˫Сָסˡ
ִ󣬶ԷƺΪνʵգɵüͷ
ѩչⲢ㣬ʤޣңңһ˼䡣
ССԺ䣬һһﾹǸʻ
ƹգգ۾
̧ʱͿǰŨܵȶ£ס۵׵⸴¶ʹ˼Ѽ顣
Щ
ƹƺٻ¶̬ʹŲͬıӲҲͬż¶ĳᡣ
ȶŽëգۣһݴ֮С
þͬʱļĪЩ΢΢Ĳ
̧ۣĿԼҲδϡ
ڻ𣿡
ƹɫ΢
ˡ
ص˵ͷҲżջ֡
һʱԺţôýö
Щ
ƺѩڻͷ·Щ΢ѩů΢漴ڻļϡ
ĳҲƬ̡
ƹ˿ڣѵЩ΢ơ
㡭˵ֺЩڵضһ٣ʱ˼ʩʲôӰ𣿡
һʱûת

֦ͷĻѩƤض䣬΢ıǼ⡣
þͿƹ£һ˫Сּһֻ΢ůļڱʼ⡣
ݵĨȥһѩżǰͬҽгҲӸ档
׹
ԭ˼ʹǷвס
۾ЦЦԼɿԾ֡
ƹԴʧŬż⣬̧֣ʳָĴָߵһȦϵһ¡
˱һԹϱĶ㶡
Цƻش׳ʡ
Ȼѽ䣬ȴֶŷʹΥ䷨ľǻзɵġ
˵С۶˶٣˹ӡ
ͼƹüͷ̽𣬿ҲԱĲ޳ɺ͹ġ
ȴЦøˡ
ҡͷԵؼ˵ֻЩɶҶ΢ɱСңȻܴϵ»ŵϺŶġ
Щ⣬̵С°Ҳʶ̧һЩǸưСģ
һģȴԾɽЦ񶨶Ͷƹ仯ϸ
ҶԣЩɣ緽ŵŶһʹء
ƹ򴽣δɫȴۿɼɶˡ
ʶ̧֣ͷϷűָĵط
óһЩƤı飬ѩÿˡ
Ҳ
ƹջظڶ֣ĦһָǣҲЦ⡣

ýԼ̹
ʵ˼ֳʳܸȤֻԵЩǲʽ򵥣ſڱտھ׽ʣɲʲô׵¶
Ψضеһֻ̹豸Ϸˮһٰϲʳļɡ
Ҳǽϵֳɵġ
Це¯һѲֽ궼ںãԺǿò÷£Ҫȥƹš
ƹ羲һ߿һѩֽݡ
ȼů¯ŴţݸĶպ⡣
ƹһɨǰ飬ɫĪ档
һűż㣬յļʲô
ƫƫʱ͵Ҳ֪˭©˷ȬϢֶߡ
ֽŶɨһۣ޷ʲô㲡תǷϵɷѳչҡ꽥Ҳóɼң˼ްûӳšƣߴھͻؾ˵ݳǣȥҲʮ·̣ʱü
Ͽʲô飬һɨż󣬾õһȼŵϵˣдīֵıֽΪҽ
һţжݷŷɨڣһů⾡ûĴȴδһɢңƮǼ⡣
ŴɤǷҪš
ƹδӦֻͷ龡ָĳңͷ·Щõķ¶ֻ࣬߳һţӭĶů


63 
гһ͵ƹ, ߴؾڣ˼Ӧϣعܼҡ
ƹ˼˰գδż𸴡
ʱؼ, ҽ, ۶ô͵Ĵҡͷ˵ѻꣻǡˡһ˫ĸ, ĸɮͳ˵νɷ֮, ˱㽫ԶԶ˾ǡ
˵ʲôԹߣ˶ѣȴҲԼ֮ͬѪԵǣһϡ
ʹЩ, ǻݼ˴˵Ŀˡ
ʲǷ, ҲӲΪ˿ǷԼ
ֻǶ̶һ׹Щν޷ǣͺ, Ȼһ, ȴ
õĵһ⡣
ദȴֻҪһ, ;ļ̡
ôһء
, ӹµˣңԶƶ˶ɡ
֮ǰ񻰴˵һЦ֮˵, Ҳ˵ϻ, ֻȫȻ޹ص֮
˾, ǰ
ǰδѰȥ߸ϵʲôģ, йκ֮ص, ʵҲǺͬġ
Ժӣ, ֻЦӯӯͬк˵Ҫԣɲݣϵһߵǰ˵ˮ£ס֣˫Ưʵ۾
صȫ䶼ôȥ룬ȻӳԺ
ǰްҪȼȥ
µһ֧ţͬġ
Ҫ
һóѳ䶨
ԣҪҪǰ
֪һ˲ͻü֮Ц⡣
ʵԼİΣ
һȴҹĺ赲⡣
ƹǰҪƿȥɫӭڣȴԺ̸
һŴβһСӣ
ǵ˵Щʲô֪˭
ֻ΢٣漴ƿ˴

һգѩ绹ƹͬһЩƶ˶ˣþԾɺܺá
˼ѽʹ֮ºȴҲܸܵݶϢڷУֹϡ
˼ҲůѽȼȺů¯¾¶ǸĵףƫҲɫ󣬴νġζͽ価ˡ
öƬ̵ĴЩ
ǧȹˣֺͲסӹӦ֮ЩȻ
ͺһֱԼϤǷ󣬱Ҳܹµ
ѵʧЦЦԼж˼
űߵһأɴ䡣
öʱ۾
ʱЩȹڶȥᣬֻһҪţȥˡ
Ŵ򿪣ȴڿʱһ˿ʵеɻ顣
īȾҹɫһ¹׺ԺѩϣڵĻϵȾ˰߰ס
һͷĺ췢ͬȼյĳ棬һȴûʲôɾƵţһɫ
΢ȵ졣
ô㰡
ӡ
㡣
úɵһۡ
ĻĿ⣬һڡ
캮ضģҽ˵
Ҷ䡣÷˸۶ָָʱԻԺΣȥǱ˵ɡ

Щ棬ô֪
˾ҵġ
þȻˡ
˾ְ֮˼ײˣ֪ԼҲ֡
ʲôѽ
˶٣ɫЩ΢գƺ֯ԡ
Ҳߴ٣ֻĿͶ
ͬ㽻Ҳǳˣ֪ԷǸӣԼʶôˣδΪʲôż˭
һڵ
ҲҪ㣬˾㣬˵Ҫ¶
δȵô𻰣͸Ͻֲһ䣺ɶҪ£Ҳ֪֮ǽɽһˡ
ý˼Ժһ飬Ϻɫ
˾°
˵ͷԭϵƿһЩñЩ飬٣һʾ䶪ǰ
¶ȻͶҡʲôĺôö㰡ҪҲȥôʦڵģԼֲң϶ûɶ¶
˵ҡͷԣȴŴʱɫˣϢδϸġ
ãȥ˼̶ʱӾ˲ٱ仯
ǰɲϸµһˡ
ȷʵ˵׼ȥ
˾Ϊûȥ˵ֻ˵˸˵ƫƫǷ˵е⣬ǼȶģθҲӳ˵˹ִ£ԼܵСķɡ
ԭùһ׮µģ˾ôҲãŽЩͬ˵ˡ
ѵüͷ˾һߥ£˽ȰȥĻơ
˾˼ֻҪСȰȥٷѵ˼һһ˼һ꣬һ죬ֻҪ֤ٻط˽ʱǷ߾ٲֻأ׵ˡ
ʵһЩ˽ġ
֪Ϊ˸ˣǶһЩֶΣ˵ǶǷ˺ĵġ
Ҳ뿴λ˾ʲô֮
ţ˼άǰ
治һλܻѵɣԲ˾֣һ쵽ССĺתͷҪøļȥֲǰͷ
Ǻڤ˼һֱ뵽ĵش˸ǷҪͿ͡
Ҫûɶ¶ͻȥɣ㣬һ󡣡
˵۾ЦЦһܵļһλĳȱ㿪ڣ´γ۹˾˵ɶ¶ˡ
һ׽סԼͷδüջȥֻ֣ɫ˵ǹλ˵£Ҳֻ˵Ҫȥ֪
ԹȻסˡ
ɫЩãȻֳʲô𣿲Ӧѽ
ʱ뵽ļƲЧãȴĪͷһ
ȻⰡ
ʱԶһȴ˴һλӽĿңңͶˡ
ֻһ˲Ŀ⽻㣬ȴĵп
ȷʵһ㡣
ƺǲĿתҲʶعͷ
ѽվǸ˻ӣƺԼ߻иһͷëġˡæֳ˽͵¡ҵѣ㡣
΢΢򴽣ǵķ˵ͷ
ƺһҲסˣ۾ҲҪȥͬ˵
ǵãΪһ˲۾ҲڿѸȥǷֹʡ
ЩΪѵֻͷһۡ
Ȼȥɣ֪ˡ˾һȥһ۵ġ
˵۰Ͱ͵ؽĿͶ㡣
֪ͬԼϻˣϿء
ε̾һüûɵǸ½޹صıģ
ͬ˱𣬾ȥ˴ǰͬԷ˵Ż
ЩԶҪҲģȴ棬ת˲Ӱʧ


64 
ҹɫš
ʧǰ, ƹҲֻǷֳһۣȫȻ⡣
΢΢ͬ˵á
ƺ˺ʵʱЩйĻͲʺ֮ڿڡ
ȴһһдǰ
ô
, ἰŵ͡
ƹҲٹ, Լ÷̸۵صġ
ʱõĿ, ֮̽, Ǵʲô㺡
δ𻰡
þЩ΢ȡ
Ϊʲôңô𣿡
ȻƬֱ̣Խɻʳڡ
ƹԡšһ, ñĺ󻰡
˭ֻ֪΢΢ҡҡͷ, ǳЦһ¡
ò֪ЦЩʲôĪֺʧ̫ͻȻ, , ô˱Щɵ㶵ġ
ת˲־ԼǡƹЩپɷ˵ˣҲδйķӦ
ûλԴɢ˼ջ, Żع
ԼҪͬ˵Щʲô, ʱǵҪͬ˵һ˵ԼҪ뿪һʱ¡
ˣһ׮˵һ¡
Է
յҹһ磬ģʱֳ, ڵȺδü, ͱĺһռűƽ
Ϊÿ˵ǼҪ֮ǰ, һ硣
һδ, ֻתҽ˵, ͷˡ漴ʲô, һ䣬㲻ɣ
ʱҲͬٷйദෲԼ׳ɵĹأ֪俴Ů֮ʱɫָˡ
ƹϣ㲻аͻ
ƹ˵΢㶣ЦЦ
㲻ͺá
תÿ˷ţӭֽϡ
ů¯ճܿɢڣϵҲƽȼա
£ƹһǷҪЩ衣
¶п޵Ӧһá
ƹȥ裬һ߷ֳ
˼ſڵ
ģҲˣһλɽҡ
ƹ϶΢٣ƫͷһۣĿ޵ɨ֡
š
Ӧһ
ñ
Ҫ˴Ŷ˵м¶һȥһ۲˵м¶ʱЩ΢㣬ƺںǡ
ʲôҪ¶ܹҵûȥһˡֻܻܿǲ֪û˵һ죬˼һꡣʹܿҾܻԷ˵ҲҪһЩʱա
ƹ˸ţᡰһӹĻҪͬҵ𣿡
õ˵ͷЩǸ
ͬһڵģڿҪˣͦϧġ
ƹ΢΢ͷȥŪ¯һʱûд𻰡
¯ŵˮˣ̧һۡ
޷ұҲԥͬ˵𡣡˶٣Ҽ飬ǰؾһˡ
ˡګګӦš
ܾǰƹƺʲôҪͬ˵һ˵ȴֽ׼е⡣
ֻ˾ͬ׮Ҳɵ飬Ҫϸһƹ뷨
һ뿪ˡ
̽ʶԷ
ôһ˼ǵĹƹѼ򵥽ˮˣ㵽ݸһϸµضСĹеĲˮ̿ڡ
͸ƵȥƹƲüۡ
ȴ˵
á
úһһȲȥ
ȻֱѳɶۣҲһСϴĥԥɡ
ñͬƹ
Ǿ˵ˡ֮ǰһ׮С£ҿܵ̽һ̽Ρ
ƹšһת
Ҫҽӻ𣿡
þ֮ǰΪ˷ֿͬξУ;ʵ˼ʱʱ̶̿һñҲһ硣
ЩЦ⣬ҲɳǰĲͽ
òá֮ǰǻΪ˿øһֻ򵥿һ
һ˵ţһ߾ǰȥ
˳Ǹȴĵľǰ˵Ķ䡣
һԤξֻὫһΣȴϣֻӦԡ
ξͬƹм׽ʱһֱϣظ׽˼֡
ֻһ򵽵ףȴǳϵ˳˳
סһרȥ֪ЩδԤס
εξһжƽͶΣɱ⡣
򵥵һƳƼ˾ǵķͯƼ޶
÷ĵջ֣˳Ÿ̾һ䡣
ǵľҲǲЩ·ĵط̫һƺҪࡣ
ʱվ΢΢ķĶϵָҲδü
ƹ΢΢̧Ŀ⣬ܿӡ
̧ۣʶ
ҵһȥ֮
Ҳ֪ʶУļִģõ͵Цţһá
ҲˣҲǵһ
ƹűӣͷβδ¶ʲôԱĲʱ̧ȴ￴ЩƺԳϵ顣
ñþ뿪ѵҲЩᡣ
΢΢򴽣룬ִͳһơ
̵ű㲻ƷϢºͶ
˵㣬ƾճһͽ׹¡
ýϸµعҵƹľ䡣
ö꣬˺һЩƬֳ̣ƹգգۣܱƽģǧҪú²ҪȡŶ
ƹ¿ʱͼӿһЩҲ΢΢ЩӲ
ʱԶһЩŽЩʶĽһӡ
ָĦƣƺ滹¡
óƺżҪΪˡ׮¡ϣƽ֮ͬʶֵ˵һ䡰ȥɣ𵢸ˡ
ɴʱȴýΪĴߴٻ˵
ͺȥ˵ǰĲ繱һֱȥ
ֻĲඣоͷ
룬һж׵ƺûʲôԵöˣֲֻһ䡰ѽһ䣬˲ʧƹǰ
ƹãֱ΢֣ҹϡ
࣬Щ嶯ʱ˵ȴѹδ˵ڵĻʱÿһ飬ԼʱڷϢ
ͬ˵ҵʶӦһá
㲻и෱Ӷշת˼ֻֿļ䡣



65 
ûɽ, һ׮¾ȥֻ̨˾֡
¹ƹ
˭֪ȥֻ̨˷Ҫл˾, Էȴ֧֧, ˵Ե
ٺ֪, Ҳ׹, Էǹ⽫ƭ˻ĥӵʱء
֮ǰ˾͸¶̬Ⱥͷ·˵©ڣٳٶҲ׹, ƹ˵ʲôŹ֡
˾ȻǲϽٸ, ҧ˲˵顣
˾ȽҲ֪飬, ܶ
ΪʲôãΪʲôĲãҲǸֻصķ̥, ȥġ
÷ȥֻ⼸⣬һҲ˾
ʵ벻ףһ׮淲˸С¶, Լܵ㷴, ʹ٣ɽҲûйģΪεԼٰ
ͬ˾ֶ
۴ܻ۶ɷ˾ֶʵڲõĶ֡
漫, ˾ֵҪȥʱ, ˾ڻ
ĵС, Ҵ˻, Ҳˡ
Ц, ҪΣʲôҲزסˡ
һ, ʾӣֻ֣ҲܹŹֱĸԴ
⻰ɫź࣬ɫǸɰСŮ
˾һӭֳֻ̨ȥϵĲơȫΪ˷öרϲϵġ
һԱŸ첲ҪĲ
˾ţֱð亹ȴҪһ
Ķˡĸıţҿ
һ߶ţһûͷӬƵطżϵĲӣҵ棬ʵҷ
һҷһ߻ţͺˡڵʱñȰһȰܹǻ侲ЩģҲΪ˱óӸҪ
ֻѰ˸ʲộ˵ܸٵضɵϢоѰ˼ʧٶյʦ⻹ר˵ģָûˡ
˼ţõ
Ұɡ
˾תͷѰ˼ҸʲôԴǵһϣþֲϴҹһأͦڶ˼·ġ
Це˾ҲܾǰⷭƬ̣һӣ¶顣
˾ֻεۼӴ򿪣ϸ鿴ݡ
ոλ·ٵʾ֭ҪСȥƶȥˡ
˾һ
ȴϾ˼ֻ濴Ųķ
˵ƽҲռһҳֽͱŵһ
ǰĲϻؿһģһΨһ˱仯һ֡
ϻʱͷдƹòζΪҪĽ
ͼһֵĩβȻΣдš˰⼸֣īͦ¡
ϲӣûסӵĿͶһԼװڵ˾֡
ǲʲôëΪҪôЩ׵Ŷ
һΪҲͣһӣ˵˾䡰ˡͰ˾Ƕ
Ǻ˾־ǹڸԼŸɣңҲٳ̸˲񲻹˾ְֵǿӲؽȴܱȥıѾڲ
£ѵ˲ʱʱҪǸϻȥƹΡ
Ǹƹһܵٽѣܱһ
˷¿ڵĶ
ƹʱѾݳˣξϣֱ֪ڣȥһ
˽ѹڣ紺̵֦⣬Ѹĸա
ȴ˲һĴɫֻ˲һԺУƬ̣͸񻨵ĴƼҪҵˡ
ԣʵһδΪԼҲ磬Ȼ仯úƸ֮á
ǵӰһ֮϶˱裬ɫؿŶ棬ͬ˭̸
ƺУٿȻƫͷĿ⣬Ƕײ˸š
ÿ˫ڵϲ
ҲһЦسԷ˻֡
þò

ʿڶˣװɵͬԷ̸ţʵİš
סԼĿⲻҪԷŵǱϿ
Ǳ˵ϣɫζĶ
²ߣҲֻɫŲˮҲһڡ
ֻ˶ǶһʱȻɣǷĹ¸
֣ҲܼҵϵΨһѪ
ܼҼҴҵ̫үϻиϮľλʳҲ˵Թϡ
ԭóϮһеıλһң˭֪Էôã˸ĸֻҩҽĹֲɷǵţ̫үҧҧͽ˾ǣƾ
ԼĸĸȻȴΨһԼ̳һеˣʵҲ֮ˮǴߡ
ʱǼλֻ֣Էãְμǡ
ԭΪߣ˹ֲ˵ʲôʱҲͬԼ˭֪ǰϢ˵Ĳȫˡ̫үʹˣһʱ˷飬Ҫ
ʹ͵˶Է̫ү̸֮⣬ƺܼҵһУȻȴģǻء
˵Щ⾭̣ŵѱ鲼ϱǸвŸɵģƫƫ˻˺ãֻǰ¶˸棬þǴֹеСǺһİĽ
֮졣
ֻƺ˵ʲôԷȱȱӹűҲͬһ
ףԷ͡
ȴѵõĻᣬʾ֭һԷעĻ⡣
˵үⶨͬ¼СĻ£
˵ƺܲүҪĻ£һԣͼԷȻɫЩ
Ҫ˵ȥ
ȴƹĪһ۴⣬ԭǵŸˮȫȻˣһůһ棬㻯ᴺˮ
ͦԷͻȻôˣҪĿҲͶ⣬ȴƹƺŴЦһ£ˮҪ¡
ʱ˲ôΣ۹ضŶԷĶ
죬ȥ
޲Էһڹȥ
豭ѵߣ֮ס˺
ȴͻȻ顱һ죬ƺʲôŶ롣
ǰһ
ͼһλת˲ƹǰǱȥظϡ
ȣ
ɤģƫִŴʮС͡
ȴʢ˼ŭ
һж˲Ϣ֮䣬еûӦ
Ҳ˲Ǳ裬ʶȥƹķӦȴԷѹ񶼲ָֻŶӵСһϣĪ˵ϲȻ
ڶϣЩɵۡ
գգȥƣ֮ѵƹǰԷ˸ʵһŴˮһƯдȻԲ۾ƺڶŭĿӡ


66 
ʲô˰
ŭĿԲ, ʡ
еɵۡ
ͿҪ³ɣҲ֪ĶɱôһСѾͷʱȻΪ, Ǻˡ
һ, ǹò, Ҳû, תĿͶ˱ߵǱϡ
ɵģҲ¶𣿡
ƺôСһ䡣
Ȼ˵ʲô˵ɵ𣿲ԡε֪ͷ˶
Ծһֽǽһˮ©, , ƹҲûֶߡ
ԾɲţλѾ豭, ͷĲһ, ѹӦһ
ʵʵɵӣĿɿڴ˽Ķ
ƯСｫȥ, µüͷ, ƺζ
Ȼ˶
ƷƬ̣૵
һ仰δѹڵĶ˽塣
ƹȻüͷ, Ѹٵض߹ϵı, ֽŵס˶Է
ʸɵˡ
λﻹ˰, Ȼ֪ԷǴӺε֪¶µ, ֪жܶӾ, ½ɷµصͷƽ˵Ȼ˶ֻ
ƽδˡ
ƹķӦҲ㹻ԾԴƹصܼ, ԶԶҲˣԷһۺʱµ䵭ģͺûܶע¶ʱȴ¶ŽɫǰǸĪЦҪ˾ȡ
ˣʵǸǺ˵ǸˣͬʱĻ¶ȴ¶¡
ǹʱֿ˿ڣȴǶƹ
ѽû¶ţС˲ҡ
ƹԣɫȥȴûɿ
Ҳ⣬Ŀתϡ
˭ΪʲôҪĲ¶
ʲ֪ôչǰӵġ
Ӧ˵ʲôʾƩ硰ƾʲô˵¶˭֮Ļ
ȻʵãȻ촽ͺϣĿİ˵һ㡱ֺ˽
ֵֹĹҲͬϻÿɵӵһۣĿתƹϣƺϸ
ǲ۸ˣǲǲã
룬ǣ۸ĸҡƹΪ˻¶Ҹ̫үа壬˦Ӹλ߸ϵ̫үһСû۸ˡ
ȫȻԼŻ˼ι
ƹƺҲһ¡
ʾͼ򴽣üĿᡰšһ
ʣ
ǣԭʾֹ˳ı飿
ǰһжЩħá
ħõǣǹתֵһ̧ۣ֣ҪЩʲô
ôѵСﻹ
̧һ룬ͱƹ׽סס˺ͷеĶ
ƹʱɤЩΣǺһСȰ嶯
СֶݺݵصһۣȴҲûƹ
ֻƹ֣ǣߡ
ߣƵطǲˣЩ˾Ȼ۸㣬ǻˡ
ʣ
Ҳǣ¶¶ȷʵͷβƹܼ£ɰҲûԡ
ƹЦ
á
·Ǳ۸Ĺ¿֮ˣԹԵ˽ߡ
ʶƬ̣׷ȥʱԺĻǶ˵Ӱ

ƹ֪һ䣺治ˣ
ƹе͵Ц
ùܡ
áʣȥĶأ
ƹ룬
ǰɡ
һ¡
˼ʵȥĶֻƹȻ뵽Զǣ֤ʵҲͣ
ֻЦһ£˳ӦĻ
á
ɿסֻ֣ýֶֻס
۾һ˵һ߳ƹգգۡ
ƹЦ˳ӵرۡ
ۣ⻷Ȼ˷츲صı仯
һԺ֮УֻǾȴǰСԺ
ԺǽһøߴԺӽΣһԵС԰Ųδգһһǳ뿪ʱģ
δ̸Щ飬һжһΡ
ɿ֣ʱϸĹ⡣
ǻ
΢΢Цˡ
ţˡ
ǻشĻƬ̣̾˵˼䣬ǳǶʱչġ
˵꣬ƹĿⳤõͣϡ
ƹ񶢵ö΢죬ȴѵûбܿĿ⿴𴦣Ǿػ
ã¶һЦմǳǳ֮ȥ
㻹ǵҸʶʱȫȻӡ˵ţ¶һɫڽײ㣬ҪԵʱˣɫŲ׽ˡ
˵һ£ƺڻ롣
ӣֲһ䡣
ˡ
֣
ôһ˵ƹЩ˼
ڲӣ΢΢ƺ˼
ҲáƬ̧̺Ŀ⣬ɫм棬Բס
ʱôס
ֻǰΪĳʵȻ
֧Ǵ̯ʱƼ
ɴڳ΢֧̯ӣкĹ·ǰѯʣ𻰣һ˫۾ȫӯӯЦ⣬սȥ͸
˲
Զؿš
ʵҲԹֻˣ˵Ļôò
ֻȴͻȻҲǰȥЩϵһ㣬ν֪֮˵ǻô˵
ͷէһ漴Լɶҡ
˻Īǻ伲ҽ
ſڱҪһԣų׽ɫڵʵϸ߳ŭ
һ룬ǳõĳĬ
ֻǶסĲĵǸҲ΢㶡
㷴ӦЦŵʲôǸѽʵʱͻˡ
·ֻһۣ׼ȷ͸˼ǡ
ƹ
ԾɹӯӯЦȴյķҪůʢŵĻҪ
ƹпˡ
ѽһӳ׵澢ʵأȴ֪ʶ⣬˾£żҲۣͬ˵ʶŻ
ƹỺͬ˵Ҿ㡣
תת
ͻ㣬Ҳң
תӵģмƤЩƮѰķ
ʱﻰ⣬Ҳ֪ǹѰģǽ澢ͬˡ
ƹЦ
ͻΣҲ㡣
£ǰɹͲʾشսЩ
һ翿ʱ۾ƵĿ⣬һ˲ҲƿϸضƺҪ۵ףüǽ
ƹʶס˺
ֻλãҪٴսЩ΢΢ͷš
߬ס½
ƹǱƻͷＸհףʶ΢΢ͷ
Ǵʱ÷·ڡ
öһ£ͷƫȥһЩٶȿ
Ǵһ΢ĴУĻ걻紵ڶݵ֮һš
ǰĹ΢գȴλΣư⣬·˵
ͻˡ
лҪ˵
ãͻһ£˵˲


67 
շΧ, ΢Ҳ繶顣
һʱ嶯ƹǡ
ĳ嶯һǳɣҪֱֱ϶ԷĴ, ϻڽˮƭڸǴһ˵ˮ, дЩ˼ͷ, ֻ΢΢ƫǶ, ǡ
ôǲϢö֮ŶԷ, ʵЩġ
ϾµΪ, ŵĵȷȷͻ
ֻķ仰ﶼǹͻ˼ˣǰ湫ͻȥ, Ҳ֪ԷǸʲôӦ
ִЩ档
ͻĹһӴʱдãȻ, ĿҲƺʧȥ˽࣬Щ㵣ߡ
ʵϻˮﱻ촽ʱ, ģ˿ãȻ
ֻǻԼƭ³, ʱȴȫƾܳ嶯£Ҳޣֲ˼𾪡
ÿ⡣
ͻĹӴ, Ҫд, Ҳˡ
ֻǴ㶹, ӻǸʲôӦأ
޳ָűǵǡ
ǻζ
ҲŻζ, 漴ԼΪβͣһ, ȻҲžö˵Ĵת˲š
ԭָͻ˼
ƹ̾
ɿԷ½ֱסһֻ۰, ᶨǰ˴
ţ
ԷϢƣϤİƫζúѲʲô顣
Ĵٶȱ߬ȡ
ƹ
ǲģֻǼ򵥵촽ǴĪĿζƺҪȥ·ܴԷꡣ
ñԼҲһǸȥҲ
΢΢ۣȴֻܿԷʹ۽ͬѻ
һʱҲҵġ
ȴĪİҲѧŶԷʱģ۾
ϵĴһʼ΢ģ໥þˣȲŻӿֱҲȾ졣
ȴͷһشг
һǱȷŵҪࡣ
ֿʱƹϢ΢ġ
ȴĵһЩ̰
˷ֿûֱֱˣǽ΢ƿһЩ
Ȼ¶ȴҲЩŤ󣬿Щ﹫С֮ٯٯʱҲȫȻǿճɾοò˼
ֻ鵽Լͷϣȴǰǰ򵥡
ʱЩȻϵȶҲʾضǺ͸
һȻƽʱĲִͬЩȸԾҪȥһƶԷɫ
͵͵̧ۣɿһƹ
Ƿֿʱ򣬶˾Ѿ΢˵롣ȻһЩȴȻòԶϣÿ˵ȫ̬
þͿƹϵʹȻܶסԼϵİɫ޶ȻģðЦ
ദЩʱգƢԡ
̧ۣȥĲ⣬ͷȻ糺һƬ֪ǰ˲õȥ
ʱˡ
ôͻð㣬ҲҪð𣿡
ƹţ°Ҳ΢΢һЩ۾ȴ
ûסָָؽһ̵С°͡
ͼСɻһԾ˳ĶΪ
ƹʱһƬ
ҲȻȻ׽ɢ·֮ܶô˳¡
£
˵ţ֡
ƹ£һͬ͵ҪٿһΡ
ƹ˳ӵӦáֻȻһ׮¡
֪ҪԼΪʲôʹ˵ƫƫǸزס¶ġ
֪ҪЩζȻϢϢء
ʱⷴ˷Ĺδɲ֪Ϊεǰ֮⣻˵𺦣ЩΪ۵֮ȫȻ̯Ϊ
΢΢ۣЩӿļͷĥζƷĸǣҡ
Ѿ˾糣صĶ䡣
Ƭ̣
û¶ˡ
Ǹɵ
ƹֿʲôΪʲô˷ɣָֻ֪Ķ䣬ߣ΢ĴС
ۣ˳ԼĪӿ⣬ֻס˳
һָֻ֣аףָϸĶ䣬ͺһҲȥ
ϣΪ˷̽Σ߿һЩ
һвһϢ֮䡣
ûδӦŸմξг¶Ͷ
һ˫Ưǡǡúõװһ
΢䣬Цһ
Ҫôˣһڣͱûڴݼ䡣
΢΢̧ͷĴһǡ
ѵˮ
һſ˭֪գգ۾һ´
ﻹһɴȻĺɫ
ƹ΢΢һ£һ̾Ӵݳ
ѣǡ
΢Ҳפ㣬´ɹӵǵˡ

ڳʶһԺӣɰңڵӡ
ǵشϣﷱ£ɽˮ
ʱԺ̸üͬƹǵĹ£ƹڣʱ֧鰸һСʱҲȥǽ̤࣬괺պʱڣһСͬ
ʱʱҪ̽һ̽ΣżҲһЩδΡƹǰӲΣȴһ˼˸顣
ÿÿ̽ʱ˸ñܽʶ̧ͷȥһʱ°ͣʱ촽
ȿʼЦΪαˣϰˣƹһʱûͷȥ
ͬమһ޼ܵദţЩĹǣɼҡ
ȴֻЩҲڡ
һЩ˵ʲôɡ
ÿʱƹġģӰ̧ͷ˵
þͼ
ɿ̫зȨˣЩϵͬţ˵ûûء
չһӣĿԶ
ƣΡ
μȥڳĵ΢չ֦Ҷ
˵ЩʱüҲ֮չŷҪȥԶȻΡ
ƹǸµıʶ˻һīֽϣλһźû
Ƴɣת˲ŵķӡ
ͺƳûоͷɷŲƷÿһйʱɳҲת˲һļ䡣
ֻżĻȻϧµÿһʱ⡣
ЦЦʸãֽһֽ£һԡ
һīλŻȴްŵƳ
ʢֲȣҪͬһȥκ
˵⻰ʱòŷһŻȴ
̽ȥǾֽ̧ƹķһ˲Ӧһѽ
һֽҲֱߣ̯
ѽôīλˣϧһźû
˵ţ˳һƻŻīӾȻʧȥ
ԾһûЦӯӯһҲǱ߷ļһ


68 
ǵڶձȥ˳ǽ, j?գΪȥؽ?ڣЪ˳ǽj?Ժ
ðÿ, ˮ, ʹ??j?, ?ѵè?Щƣ?, ??ЩʵС
ֻǤj?·˱ԺԾͬƹϧ?ɲ¶˽ǣûʢšȵ˺ɻ?ʱ, j?ΰɡӦӺÿء
˵⻰ʱ, ûס˸?ǷǸǷ, ۾ȴԾ?, Ŀ?ڴͶj??ƹ
á
ƹ̲ס?ͷ˶٣ޱϸ?ϸ𵽶
ƾΪ, ??°, ǳǳݣЦӯӯشá
ˤj?ͬţżУ˸Ȼɿ졣
ֻ극, þͷ
ƹЩ, ͬԼ׽, ǻl?֣l?j?, ??˵äj??ſ뿪
ȴҴҵ, ֻиʱ?ỹͬj?
ҡҡͷ?, ֻȥ
䣬?j?ֱȼҹ롗?
ƹǳߣ?ƣڣȴ??飬????ߡ
¨?ԺУͿ?ڵƻﵩ
??ҹﲻô˯
ǵڤj?̽?ξʱԼΡ
仰˵ƶ???ûв١
мʹҹΡ
ܶ˻äj?ҹǺþֻȻΣȴ?˯Ϥj?Ⱦ
??Ǽסj?׮£ͬ˵?ʱϸʹj?Щ?⡣
ʱ?ʵʵ?ɻ顣
Ӧѽj?˵??ûסָ˴?ͷȴûд?ֻܿ?ξȻ?ξ???ʵ?Щ֣Ҵûĸ?ξ?ޤj?
˵ʱȻջġ
ԣ?ξܿգˤj?ƬŨ???ʲô?ûС뿴˯????ʶǲôj?Ƭ
ʱ?ϸ˼ˤj?·˲䱻˵ѡǲ?ֻУ?̫죬ʶΪԼο
ЦЦֻˡ
ⲢǤj?׮ʮ??l??顣
ȴôΪ
ʱ??j??ˤj?ͬ˵Ҳ?ΪʲôǸӣң?ǰ?j?λɣҺδı棬ⴳ?ξ?ƺм??ͬ?
ֻЦ??Ӧ
ü˵Ի
⣞????Եϵ?ʱûףԵ²أl?أl??ǣξ?j????ѽ?ôʲô?ûأ
j?벻?ӡ
ȴ΢㶡
ʲô?û𡭡ã?ǰ?˵?ûп?
?ǰȥ???Щʲôأ
ӭԼ?յ㣬??j?⡣
ʵ??ԼΪλ?ͷЩ;l???ţ??ͷ
ϸϸ˼??Լˤj?Щ亹
ȴj?˾
ûйϵҿԸj?ЩΡ?˵Щξܴ룬ܸգٽÿ?ﲻôġ
˵⻰ʱĿӯӯ?Ц⣬ƺѯ?
޴Ӿܾ
ʱ˯ʱ?ǰ
j?ʼЩϰߣܾ˯ʱԼǰ??Ǹߡ
ڿ?ΪѺ?Щ˼ֻͬϸ͵˵j?ʱ˱ڸǰ
???ǴǸʱ??ʵl?˯ߡ
?ǣl?˯l??ֻ?Ԫ⣬j?ξЩ鷳פj?ѡ?ˣ˯?ж???𺦣ˡ
˵?Щ޾ϸδ??ΪֻǤj?鷲??ʵͬ
˵ʵǴӤj?Ƭ?ξ?ʼпʶŻ?ɡ
????ѭ??ȥ??Ȼ
˵ЩʱỺ渵ͷ·Ǹ????Ǥj?λʱ?Ů
ƹ?ָ»ۣʶûΪ?У?
Ǥj?ε?ΣΪ?j???ﻺΪԭ԰?ξŨīز?ʻ
ƹӻﳶԼ?˼ȴ˵?Ц
ȼ??ƻ?Ǽ?ݣͻȻ???Ǻܺ?ֻأl??
˯?ʱżݶ??ǣ??ʱ򣬻ָ??ЩǣͬԤj?Էй?⣻ʱ?Ժﾲ???????֦Ҷ·j?ݤj?ľ??ܱƳ
ܣ?ٻὫԼ
ֻþˣ??ЩƣԾȼ??ƻ???ʲô
?ţl???ǰʱָ⣬δȥ߶??Ժ£??
ÿİͬӸسϣֻżھף?ĬĬ??ƺ?Ǥj??顣
£££Ժڣֱ

ôʱѾˡ
ع⻮ư?Ļǵ?ɢ˼䡣
??Ϳ??Ժ?ˡ
ҹ¶ˮأ?ѱ¶ˮմȾè?˼??ʪ⣬˺ܾá
Ϲ˼??Ȼ?˲ýﱾø?ݸֻô𣿤j?棬Ѳ?ҹû˯ͬ˵ߣңҰ
ް˯??ƹȴֻ΢΢Цˤj?£ҡҡͷת??æˤj?ޣæЩʲô
Щ??Լæˤj?ʱ??l?ø?Щ²
???Ǿ׸Է
j?д㿴
ƹ˳ƽӹ̯???ǡͨʶ
΢Щɻֻj?üþ𣺡ʲô?ɻ?Ĥj?鼱l?ңֲڣͷj?ҵӡ
j?ͬ𣬤j?߻ӡ
дⱾǶ˷??飬ʵʵ?ʵī??дֻǵ׷?ܹЩƣ?
ʮ??㣬Ͼͷ飬l??ȫѧˡ
ֻƹ?صƺⱾ澫ϣ??׽סǾ???裬??ѹЩԡ
㡭ڣʲôl?뿪𡣡
΢㶣Цˡ
ɵѽ˵
Է??ˤj???
պã򴽵ˤj?á?Ŀˤj?㸴ɫ
ȴj?ۿ?ɫ
Ȼ??ˡ
ͷƺЩֹ?ζ
ʵ˿̾ͦӣȴ?׽Ūj??˼
սˤj?Щ
ȷʵеҮ
ȶԷشֵ˵ңҾͲ
þ??Է?Ӧ
??ԼﶨȻдڴ?????ζ?ͻȻỻƹʲô?Ӧ
?Ԥ׼??ʹڿЦǰȴ?ʧ
ǹ??ڴ˳???Ӧˤj?á
ԭʹս࣬??Ӧú?΢΢ʣ?ǵĨ
۴Ц⣬ֻǤj?Ц???
?
лҪ˵
ŬԲһЩǰڵĿӣbushi


69 
, ΢΢ȡ
ýЩ΢ûɣˣҲԵ²ߡ
ŵǷܲȵģ
ֻ, Ȼ뷲˲ͬ, ƹЩǡ
һ׮, ȴڰ, ˵ްҳһĻ˵Щӱá
Ȼ˵, ǲͬϸ, ƹֻģҲٶʡ
Ѱ˸ʱ, ƹͬ˵ڵ顣
ЩȤ, һ֣Ҳ֪Ƿȥһڵĵƻᣬתһ
ͬһ˵, ͼ۾ȻһЩ, ǺܸȤ
ڷ缸Ҫ㷲˵һ꣬ԾɸĲ˵ھͺӡ
˵һɨȻģƹڵ
ڣʲôѽ
ʵȷʵ, ԼҲôһ¡
ȷʵһϲ, Ҳ״̬ʱ
Ϊ֮ǰΪƹ̫, 䶯˲ٷ, ˷ɡ
ڷΪι˺һƽӲ, ԵҲܼ򵥡ɵߵɵʱ䣬һֱڷ˽, ɱûôͼӰ
εķȻڵû˺üգɲͬƹ˵ϰ
ϾһʱҪΪռָģͷβԼδκ
ôһ׮µĺһеɣĪеķأ
οԼҲҲǳʮ£ĸι̣˶ҡ
ȻЩ嶯ңżçײʵÿÿ֮ǰﶼס
ƹͬ˵ڵ
һСžţһ߽˵꣬Žȫ˼ŵǰ
һ׮飿
꣬ЩɻЩ̾
ƹ˼˵ھҲʷԴȴģ壬˿УЩ˵硡
ô飬ΨһȷǣƺΪ˼һλϹŵɡ
˶ͬĲִ˵ǰǡ˼ɽӶңͿ̿λǡý˷˽ΣѣֻǺͷĲȴΪ˵
һ˵إһգ·ӣȴҲ˵һλϹӣǼա
˵ֻƬűɫһ˷䡣
ֻʵΣټ䣬ûܹ˵ˡ
ƹ̫Щ飬֮ǰ翵ɵҲǳֿп޵̬ȡ࣬ȴǰš
˵ô࣬ΪԼإһСߵ˵öˣȻǵҲˡ
ǰģǡλɣ֪һЩʲôĻأݻԵͬģҲҳڶˣ˵׮˰δж۵ĴžҪǹ׶ۡ
ãѵЩڴԷ˵
˭֪ø̾һ֮ҡҡͷΪɣǸιĻɣδ˵һλͬš
ʵȻƹȴ
ֻ΢Ƭ̣ʧЦ
˵ôӵĽӣȫƾ˶׫
֣µصͷ
ʵˡ˵ַ꣬Щ٩˻氮ѽ뷽跨ҲҪЩյĿ
ƹԵ͵Цˡ
սֵҲȫǷ˰ɡǰλɹƺÿӣλ˻Ҫ¸߰ء
ûЩ˵ڣֻǺЦãإһҪҪȥ᣿
ȻػһҪ
ƹ˶٣ֵʵǡҵ
ôͬһȥƹᣬҲΪ
ʵνʱмͷϸȤĸˣһԺ󣬶ҡͷ̾Ϣ˵ٶꡣ
ȥЩ£ͷҲҪ뿪䡣
ֻ飬ʼϧЩѵõӣлᶨҪúüһܶһЩõļ䣬ļƷζ
˽ġ
ԣɫ
ѽ˵ţתֵãҼˣ궼һ
˵Щп
ʵĽɹֻϧҽ磬һƬ֮УûӣʶҲ֪Լʲôʱˡ
ƹĬȻƬ̡
û¡罫ÿһգõľĿ˵仰ۼŶԷĿһдϲֲʵף͸ϲһ˸ͷܹѰЩģЩ
˶١
Խÿһգףտգ˳⡣
꣬˺һӡ
ʶ߬סȹڣĪйůӿ̡
ûͬ˵Ļء
ɣǵһκΣףˡ
ףÿһնգףնпգף˳⡣
ЩõԸף
ɿȹڣͺɿļĹãȻսЩڽ׶˵ա
ѽǾͳ㼪
˵꣬Ҳ˲һȥƶԷǷ˶⣬Ƥգգۣȹܳӡֱص񻨵ĴֱֱܹĿڣסԼЩ࣬Լͨ췢̵Ķ䡣
סĿڣȴ̲סͣٵǸ
һѽ

إһգû
ʱƹš
ʼţƺƹһ۾ЩȴʶӦһ
ƹŶʱһ˯⡣
岻̫ܣ΢Щ֧Ųסľﲻô˯˯һձһճ
Щ״֮еģξš
ֻȴҲõƹǰϸ´ˣ϶Ҳܿ
ͦġ
۾ûҪ
ʱסϡ
δü˵ƹһȿڵǲΪ֮ǰҸԵɣ
˵úһȴ֪Ѿµˡ
ѽôϻִ䲻ˣʲôӹ۾أһ룬µˡ
ۣԼ˶Щε
㲻صģһӾͺˡ
̧۾ײ϶ԷĳĿ⣬ͷȴƽЩ࣬Ծ⡣
֪ʵĵǣȴƲƲ졣
ʲôôһָ˴Էգ㱻ԷȴԾģЦЦһ˵û¾һûµģʲôʱƭ㡣
ƹԶ˶٣ɫȻжһЩȥȴԾûЦ
ĬƬ̺󿪿ڣ
ҵǲǺѸģʵ㲻ˣѾˡ
ջ˴ռָЩһֳֻס濴
ҲĬȻƬ̣漴̾˿૵ѽ
ϹҳһЦȴţĲѽ
ദ̰ؾһж
еĽ٣һݵȴļʮĽߵͷ
ţۿЩ΢졣
Ϊ˴أ
򴽣˼סЩѹĵף¶ֺ
תЦҲɿ⡣
Щߣǹȥ˶٣Уƹѽ
ף֡


70 
ǽҪһȥڡ
һͬƹһȥѽڵƻỹȥɡ
ԭԪҲǸʱ, ȥֻ̨˾ƹˡ
ǰĳбʮ
뿪֮ǰ, ͳһöľ, ˷۵λá
ϻعɽʱ, ƹصرһֻ
ЦЦ, ųš
ƹˡ
ѵôһԸߵĻۡʵﲻҪĶװ㣬ֻǶһվȲκδױ㹻
Լװ, ǸĿ
תͷ, ̶Ƶһ˫Ŀ飬ȥȫ, ֻҪ硣
òսЩ
ߵ, ƹǳЦһ¡
߰ɡ
ڵһͬȥῴơ
ԭԽʢȤȴͣסͷߵĲӣǡ벽
ƹͣٺ󣬱ҲͣסĲ, عͷ, 
ȴǸпص
Цĺܺÿ
һڣ㷴Ӧֱ׵Ŀޣںί˵ƺЩҡ
˵롣
ʹݵ, ͷȴ, Ȼ˵㲻ЦʱͲÿˡۺʱǺÿġ
ֻǻΪʶǶʱµӡ, ΪǸ̫Ц, Ц, ø棬ÿÿҪ̾һ
δ, ֱ״󵨵Ŀ׾پ֮ڿڣƹȴ΢΢˶⡣
һĨٶȱۼز׽
һ˲øԶˡ
ʵͬƹദ˽ҲʱԼЦһЦġһЩЦݱԵ󡪡·رģܵüͬģ
ЩǣЩ⣬Щӵǡ
ͻȻԼǿ¶һҵ˹
˵رġǲرһأ
ƹδ֮ڿڣ¶ⶼģ޴ӵ֪
Ҫ֪΢ȵĶǲΪƬ΢ʲôĸо
ţִսһЩ΢΢ͷɫΪ֣ڽŴǰȥҪһĶ⡣
̫棬ƽԣֻͻȻ֮СңƹѵõЩʧ̬ڽʱ˳ƽסİغһ
һ˿㿿̴ľĴϣ˫ּ§סʵʵѹŰϡ
Ѹ¡
Ҳûйֻ̬ܵ⧲ĿԾһĶҪҵġ
̧ͷȴûɿ
ŷŵǸ⣬ɫǳֿġ
Ҳûÿˡʱ̲ס룬ĪǸɰɣ
仰˵꣬ȴͻȻЩʧ䡣
ϧһȴɡ
ɫͻȻ֮õͳת֮죬ƹҲЩʼϲ
ƹ룬ΪŵǷ
ͷĹɫд˿ϧ
ƹЩĬȻ
ɡ
һ׮£ʵҲúܿϧ
ϧ֣ΪõĶ
ϧϧϧĲѴ޷ӵеȥ˱ǹȥˣɣҲûȥתȫź
ֻҲͬ൱ź֮
ŻĹ˴𰸡
ɹҲźЩź
Ͳŵ̾һֻӵס§С
һʱЩš
ȴĵѳٿһɿ
ǿŰɣ˵ţ̧ͷɫɫˣЩͷȻӵ
ʵ˼һûа״ʶǰֵıԣһȷʵ˵ȥ
ֵĳʱһ˼˵ӹµ֮
Ľ켯ҲѰͷȡ֣ЩĿͬС죬޷ǾǹЩС̯СһؽֳЩɫζĳʳ󿴿ǹֵķḻƻ
Ψһвͬĵطڽֱ̯϶ߵСһ̯ӣ̯λϹ˸ʽƯߡ
þ棬·һ̯ʱϸֻ
һֻݵƹϣһֻȴżԼϣʾƹ΢
ƹһ٣⡣
ؽԼԷˣŽӹǰϵһֻҵԼĲϡ
ҲƬ̵פͣǾͼǰ˳С
һ֮Ҳ˶ೳ֣ип
ΪӣҪ˵ʱýɤôһЩ
΢΢ɤӣͬƹ
Ƿ˻ǰְѽ
һЩĻȴЩ
ţʵҲĺֹۡһȻݣȴҲȣѰС
ˣ֮۵ףʶԱӦʱתͷȥȴĻǸߵĸӡ
ŷԼʵЩӦӵֵĳģ̽ͷ̽ԵȥƹʱѵһЩãȻ
ǰǰ󶼿һ飬ŷ֣ԭǱȥƤСɢˣƹһЩ룬ԶԶӦҲ
ƹߣɫȴ΢΢¶һЩεģЦˣȥ
ҹҹĻʹϡ
±˼ƻʮﳤ֣貵ƻ֮£лҪҫϼ֡
һԼѵŲ֮󣬶վһ
ƹ˳ǣס֡
þЩϲǽյ򴽣ûʲôԸ
ƹƺδϸ룬ѿڵ
Ըƽݣǡ
ѽŴЦˣҡҡͷʵԼأ
ƹһֱۣӵ֮лסãıǹԼġ
仰էͨϸ˼ȴ˶ġ
ļ΢ʲô
ͷϵֻӣ̧ͷʱƺֹǸʱ˵ʲôأ
ƹҲĶƵֻϡ
ɫЩԶͺڻ䵱ʱ
Ƭ̺͵Цһ¡
ʱ룬Լʲôʱϲɡ
۾
ͷһδĿֱ׵ϲ
漴Цۡ
ƹҲЦһ¡
ҵһι
գۡ
Ժ󻹹𣿡
ƹһۣƺ˼ЩʲôҪİɡ
ó¶һǳǳеЦ
ѽÿһҶ
ʵںá
̲סҿߣ¶
ǰҪߵҲҪȡĻƹȴͷβƾʩΪ
Լǰʱмֹ˳ġ
ֹ˳ʵЩȴá
ЦЦڽҪȥ
ƹȴͬʱ΢΢ͷ˳⣬Ĵס
ԾֳΧȺҲӵȴ·ܲκֻǰʵڶܱΰסá
û۾ȥһУֻǰ˺ǡ
ֻǵǸǽȴȻۡ
޿ɱҲܿƵ֪̽˹δЩξֵƬȿֺӿԺ
лҪ˵ڶ ҲҪ~ 
йǰԵҲҪ


71 
һεԤ֪һζҪ
ͺͨ뺡
ÿ??, ߢU?ͷ졣
ߢU?ͷģǴ׽١
?ʶU?, ƺ?, ͬ?׵׵ؽ档
?ķ̫ͻȻ, ްΡ
ƹҲʶU?ʲô
ǽǸӵǺ, δǰУǴӵµȺһԡ
ƹǸǽɫ̫ÿ, , ?ֱ̽?պͶͷ
¶ȺʹжM?ҲǺ
ֻǵ, оU??ƺ
Яξڴʱ΢΢, ؿڴ
ĪU?ʲô
?ǿ??ʲô
޴̽Ҳ֪ҪM?ͬ?ѯʡ
ѵ֮ɫ
ȴѹס˲̧ͷ۾
??Щ?һ, ??ǡȻȥ𣿡
ƹĬȻƬ, Ӧһá
˳ʱ·һߣߵû
ôأ
ôӷԤ֪U?ĳU??ηıĶ, U?һλȥʱ, ˾Ÿ첲һԿ, ?ڵ⡒?顣
?ʱΪԷδ?Ϊ?ִ˾λ, , ˾Ǹ飬ЩԹ۵ζ
ͺ˵, M?Σ?Ӧ顣
վǻʮꡣ

ƹԻߡ?Ĺ
˶ڼ?ͷΣƺĸӦ
ƹԣ̫˵ӵƶϣж??ΣĲԤоʲô
һ۶Ĺ˾ϡ
㡭
㡭
ڣĬõȴҲ˿ڡ
ЦЦ
˵ɡ
á?ɫԾ㶵ģЩ겻ᡣ
?һƹϱãȻU?ᶨ
ʲôʱˣ?ʡ
ǡ????Զ
ʮ??
һ
ƹҲ?
ʱˡ
һ㱡
?ع?ƹ㷽˵ʲô
ƹ?һۣ
??һ˴һ뿪𣿡
ȴͻȻЦһ??
?Է۾˫ûа㣬ͬᶨĿ?
֧??𣿡
ƹϡ?ɫʲô???ּѾˡ
ңԶԼз֮ͺҪԭ??һĺĻ
μתֱ??
?
֮תM?ͬ
ǿ̧ͷֻܿ??һƬǳɫ½ǡ
֪Ԫ?½ǵȴӻ顣ʱĵе
һ鷲ˣM?ΥǰϸӰȴҪ??ŭ
ƹ˳Ƭ½ǣͻȻ𣬶˳ʱҲǱ?ת뿪?ʱƺҲԼ½ǡ
ûعͷһϣ΢죬ţ΢΢ݽȥһ㡣
ƹЦЦ
ǡ?ɣӦ??𡣡
ò?ֻǿƹ΢΢̾˿
Ϊνȴһ㣿
?ЩʧЦ
?ȷʵʱM?ͬһӰ¶棬ʱЩµĵȻ
ֻǴʱ?ϵġ?ɫȫȻͬд˲ı룬ҧ??һЩĻȡ
ôһ?۾Ѿ͸ˡ
ͻȻЦһ??ЦЩΡ
һԼսᣬƽĮȻӭԼĽ֣ȴ???ͷǰΪۿġ?ɹǶľ벻ᡣ
ȥ?ǣָҪĨƽ?üͷȴٿȻU?һ̡
ԭ?ɵҲ̵ġ
ƺһ֮δ??
ͶУƹȴͻȻһ䡪
󣬻ʲôΣ
ʵͻȻһ˲
?ǵشֻء
˵İͬ??ŷһ
ԭĻ
ֻҲû˼ǵԼ
ֻذ૵һУ԰ɣ
ÿ˵ͷ
Ľ֡Դ֮ʱ𣬾͸ʶU?һУȴԾɲ԰ε˽ȥ
ǰġ?ɹΪᣬ֮?ٵķֱҪܡ
ƽ??Ҳ??ɡ
˵꣬þһͬ?λ˸Ե??
???˻ߵغ֡
ƹȴֻ?֣ݾܾ
??Լ˿ȴᶨ
ˡ
ʶŲ赲İ׹??ʹɢ

һġ?ڣǽֵ˼ʮꡣ
˵һգҹףĿĹ⼸ǣȴֻһ˲֮䣬M?ͬþ
˵ǡ??Ĵڡ
ǽֵ˵Ȼ?ɴڣôǷҲɡ?ɣ˵Ƿλ?ɢU?Ϊŭ?׽硣
Ϊġ?ȴһǱͨ˫ĿظϣҪȥˡ





72 
ۺ, ˺һĹȥǶ߳ξĻ䡣
ǵģԴڸɽµȼעξ˲˺, Ͷ½һƻǱ»ϡ
ֻǵʱܴ, ת˻, ֱѹ
ĻԳ˯, ĵ׼ΪִǶιһΣξ֮оһ⡣
Щ㱡
ϵ˲ô׻ָģҲ֧ѹ, Ǵá
һ, ް, , 
ķľһжϤģ
ƺڼһֱչ, Ž, 㶵ϣһϲˣɵˡ
Щơ
ȥ˷һֻأֻ˯Щʱ, û
ôǵ, ô¶ӣ
ѵļ⣿ֻǰǳʲô⣿
ѵΣ
˾εŮͷһαԼξŪԺˡ
ǻ, ͷš
ܽ𣿡
, Ҳλ, λǰûͬ˾ǱΪ飬˾Լƭ, ҪԼ˸
ǴֻǴţʲôܷӦҲ޲ףͬͷ˵ɡ
죬һͷۺ췢ɽɫһɨյҲЩ졣
ֱóͶȥĿ⣬ǳһƷ
ֵһ֡ȥ˼ã˯˶ãôλʶɶͬﲻ̫һˡ
ҲˣȻѵüΪʲô齹Ǽ꣬ǰҲ̫ʧ̬һģô£
ȿɰСôǰĮˣҲ֪ǲĴϻż˾ֲеĲʡ
һԼûɡ
õϵ£ƹͷҪ˯һ
۾һϣȴ˸Ҫ¡
Ǿǵ֮£Ŵӷһش˾Ůãڻ˯֮ħһ㣬𣬶ˣһ䡪
˯˶ã
ǰǸװһÿһϸڣľʱǲ̵ġ
Ȼ룬ƺӣ˰ɡ
ضǰϵʱġ
ô˼Ҳٹȥʮˡ
ԭҪ壬һַ˶
һʱ˼ʮԷܶˣ֮ʰԼһ˾Ǵ
¾Ǻȴһһէ֮
ǰһ̽̽Ķͷֵû¶ɣǲǻûҪ˯˯
ȴһקס֣ĿЩԡ
û°ɣǣʲôʱôˡ
Ǳ仰һҭ°Ǹģ
ûָؽõš
ŶɽһŮ¶һЦû¶оأҵ¶Ҫһ˾
һ˵ţһҲܻڳҡһͻ硣
ƽȹڡ˯ЩˣŲЩȣһ¡
ӭλѵĹ룬΢΢ƫͷǵҪͬһȥ𣿡
ûԵʱ˾˵½Ͷ̥һԵɣʱ̧ϸȥãԷ۽΢촽ţȻЩʾĿɰͣɫҲƽ͡
ˣȻ֪һɫʲôɫǱҪ˾鷳ء
ȥ
æϡ
һ£ҡҡͷͬǸ˱˳žͷͷжͬһֻ̨ȥˡ

˾ѵõӣյǵĴţ˵ˣ
ʱŻȥСŵûжܸˡ
ȴûи
һžͱˡ
˾ֻſ̽ͷˣŲϽӭ
ǾЩʹ˸ɫ
ֻתһ룬ȻѾ˽ᣬòɣҲûӡ֤
˵Žų״
ͿöڳһЦԷǿɰĳ࣬ҲãȴЦĪ}ûš
ͺ˵û鷳άһ±ĺƽҪĵطþˣͬˡ
˾ִ˸£ǿЦͬԷѣЩ
˰þò
㣬ԷʱҪͬһ׮ծ
òδĿ׺ѣֱֻҪƹ񡣡
˾Է˿
Ϊһ׮鰡ɾ͸ˡ
ɫ׷ͺЦһ£ʵҪԭͬ·һԵƹ𣿡
⻰ʵЩĪֵؿһۣ뻹Ӧˡǡ
ͼ˾ֵıۿɼرζǰΨΨŵŵҲʧƺе˿ٶ
˾ֵˡûˡ
üͷ
ûʲô˼
˾ҲֻͣҡͷԵûоûˡҪǲţԼȥ
£ùȻԼǰȥˡ
ҹΣϤŲڷŵĹɣƹһϢȥңһͨȴɫ
ҲĲӡ
˾ֻһԵɵؿţغС񾯸ţŶ˸ԹϱĶŰ
úܿҲ
ƹ׽һʱ˾һԵɣ˾ҧ˲˵ֻ˼ȻϵİţһҳͬйصҲɢˣһֶ¡֮ǰȥǶһǳ޵ݡ
ʱ˾ĵ˵ûˣ˼ԣ˵ԵЩΪ˵ƹҲһֻˡ
űʣ
ֻȥĳµ
ҵСι㻹û˾ЩȲ˵ֻҲ˵ģаšһزҲʱȥ˵ظǻѭžϲдϢҹȥİɡҲû𣿡
ֻţʶҪȴһʱ֪ͬۡ
˾̾һֵ
һأֻܸ㣬ĻǻδֻأٶתͶˣθأͶ̥ǰһУѵ֪ϻزģҸ㰲˸ٵͶ̥ȥ˷磬ǷϸһԵأ
Ҫˣһ鷲ˣֵһö˶˵𣿷ʹǧҲͬ൱̫Զ
ܽ꣬ܽСȰ˰ɡĲ˵ȻЩΪˣܹ黹Ǻýȥġ
˵ãһ˵Ķݷҧг
Цһ
˵ÿáҵҪ㣬ΪʲôҵͬдòôࣿƹԵҲޣ
˾֣׵ú


73 
˾, ׵ú
ţ˾ѵƬ̡
СڣԼ
˵һס˿ڡ
ּ, ۾
Ҳ˵, ҾͲ˵, ܰôء˾ȴ޶, ֻһ㡣
ͬʶˣ֪ԭֺýȻ￴, ʵǸΪ, ʱ￴Щ񣬿겻ѡ
Ȼʹ, ȴҲ, һȰԷ侲
Ŵδô, ȴҲʾ, ֲ¡
˾ֶ̾һֵб£Լȥ, 鵽ʲôʲôʡ
ΪԴӳƹйص, ˾־һģ, ͸¶ͬѰѶϢ, ס첻ٶ˵, ͽһɻá
˾ʲʲôˡ
˲һ˲ֿһ˾, תͷ˸Ӱʧԭء
˾ųһ
ǹԼ죬һʱڿ͸¶ЩϢӦҲܹס˹ؼ
£ȴһ˺档
˾ֵ⵽ôһ£
˾룬֮ǰͬ˵Щ
Ҳֹֻ֪һ˵ظ˵Ҫȥ̸ʲôڷķ˵Ļûţȥʱŷȱһƣǻʱܴԡ
Ŵ˾˵Ϊ˸רһֻأ˵ҪԷͬԷһԵȨź
ʱ겻ѡ
뵱ÿǶ鰮֮һϲͨġż˵֮й鰮֮ʱһãȻ˵ΪҪΪЩżǲҪĽȥǽʰ̯ӡ
þأͬһλ˾֮ʱǺ𾪵ġ
˾и𾪵Ϣ
˵֪ľЩ֪֪ΪҪ½磿
ǳٻƬ̣ҡҡͷ
˾ֱڴ֮ǰΪǷ˵ǰһŴθ޹˱׽ȥȻİ׷λζԼڵòᣬܷԡҲλСڲˡ˵һ˶٣ʵǷһֱš֪˼ҸɵһֻأȻûкˮżһ
˾ѧˣ˵ӣսʤ˷ȴ̲ס׮ŶûֵĽˡ
Ǿȣ۾һʱ˵
ԺǷ˴ǰļͶ̥һ˼ҪΪ˼ȥɣ񡣡
Ҳֻ͸¶
Ĭ˰Σһ̶̼͸¶ѶϢ
ˡ
ȥһգϹԷ
λ֮رýˣűܹա
˶٣ɵǡǾ
˾֣ôţܷɿҲܴˮһգָֻеķһ䶯鷳һֲõ¶ѵǽϢȥ˼ң
ǣ˵öԡΪãҲȥˡ
һ̾
˾ҡͷԵܽҰ
ʵ˾ҲеģȻô׾ͱðæ˺ţﻹһЩԭġ
磬λٱǿбֻģң˵õһҲܶռ򲻹λҲʲô¡
ĬȻƬ̺˻ͷ
ģͬ˾ֵ˵ʵڵģһͦ桪Ǹʲôķˣӣ
˾һ⡣
һλǰҲҪһģλ¶ˣӰڷ٣ǿɾͻˡ
Ӳͷ­ȥǡ
ôѵҪ·ȥ𣿡
ȴĪؿǰ˾һۡ
ΪʲôҪרȥֵ㲻֪ҽˡ
˾һ˲ڵĺ˼õô˵ءȷʵһɣɰˡΣҲǸ˰ˡ
ԸֵһۣȴҲûмʣ˼ص˵ͷ
һ׮Ҳͽҹˡ

һˣ˸˾ѳ˸ɽµС⡣
һߣǡ˼ҹ
ԾǹȥģʮȥˣľҲøïʢһЩΨµݻٵһƬյأδݡ
ûһΪ˴ƹ飬ΪѰԼľӡ
˾©˵ġ
δֻأΪͬнϵûеͷ
ʵ֪йֻصĹɣǰδ˵˭ֻҪҪȫ˲ġ
ֻ˾һСĽ仰˵ʱ죬ôʣҲٶ˵֡
̾˿
Ҳ֪ɽַʲôǱ˷ܳĻûңɽֽΡ
ͬξϵ֪ƺɽϡ
Ǹɽ˽ľʰȥ
ֱӽȡߣȴԼбҪȥݷһ
Ҳ֪Ϊ֮ʱʶɽЩֽˡ
ţҪе˼תŲƵɽŴߡ
Ҳ֪ɽµǺˡ
ֲ·͵˵ɽʱһСڡ
ֻڴȫȻӣ˽ʯ·ǴưܵСҲȡˣеɵɽŴҹɫѾˣҲδ˿и
⿴һۣͿɽŴ̺
ɽѾ˰ɣ·вͬҲµġ
֮ǰйһ֮ԵĴüĿԪµˣʱϵ˳ָΪһ㣬Ŀչˡ
ʱֻԼǸͨͨķˣöԷǸģ֣ڿλ˵ĵ¸˼Ӧм͵ģ˵˳˴©
δΣ˹ȥ
ɽŵĵӺǾѣǰѦһӵıģȫͬҹɫʱ̽ζĿͶ
Ǽףҹɫأ߽ˣǵӱߺˣ
Цһ¡
ţҲʲôˡ
ϵģһλĽҰɽ֮ǰֻһ仰Ҳǵӷ½ģ۷ȥ
Ȼǵ¶ɣץƺҪҡˡ
룬Լƺñ˭źǰλŵСӷЩ
ƹӦǲˡ
ѹͷźԺ̵㡣
ԪµҲ죬ο²Żˣʦ㵱˵ٹҪɽңСҲδԡ
˼Ƭ̣ŵԽɵĿﻺڵǸɽϿһλѦĵӣ


74 
ŵĵڸɽò㳤, ȴ档
λĪҹɫ߳ƺҪɽһ޺Ưףûɽ׽, ˵Ҳ, ֹ볣, Ӳɽš
ȴûзɾ衣
ʱ, Ҳɽŵְһ׮֮Ŀڲţƺ˵ɽʮǰһ, ɽŴʧط˴˽˲, Ÿɽش
˶֪ȴ̸ｲƺʱ˲ӵ, ǵѦš
ŵĹ, ˴ѦűضҪسͽһģֻǵʱƣ˵һ, ѦдĻ, ĳɾ͡
ԴλλͽɽŵĴؿںúһѲ߽֮¸⿴أ, ҪְصĵǶȫ䱸
һһʮ, ԭвְɽ֮γȫɽϿصְ
ϵ, һλĹֻǰ, ͹Źˣ˻, Ưﻹ˳˼ɫʱ˸ʱ, ŸĪˡ
òʲôɣҲûʲôа֮
սеƣ˼ҪҪ֮˴Ÿɽϵͬţ뷢ĹͺЦ˿ڡ
ǸɽϿһλѦĵӣ
Ѧ壿
Щ졣
ŵĵ˺һ󣬲ⲻŵ
ʱһȺӻЦ̣˵Ǹɽ޵ɣŵȴӵúܣ޵ˣܻԼֺţѦȴƲ̫⣬һ˼ʮꡣ
̸Ц֮ʱײ˸ţƫƫȷʵӵδǣֺǺǵ˳ǵĻӦǡ
ٿɽŵĹɫͲ̫һˡ
ָҪţȴʵǡǷнѦĵӡϢǺͨѦ嵱Ҳ֪
ŹԾǹŹֵģȻ˼ҵˣʻֻ̬ϿҲֻͬòش֪ʵǷǸɽѦ壿
ἰǣǹسɽϵķңңһҾ
ѽǹԱЩȣѦ徹Ȼɽţ
ͬʶһ㡣
ŵĵӷЩѡ
Цһ£ɷͨһ˵ãҪһǷ֪ξ䡣
ĵ˵Ѧŵľʶ£ܹǲܵȥģӦãȥȡŵֽס
ֻһеʱҲδɹ䱸֮ġϾС￴ᣬҲ֪˵٣ǷֻǸдǡ
ڶԷδɽŲ벽ЦһЦ֪롣
Ϣֽ˳ȥ۵Сۡ
ϢһȥһأҪЩʱҹ¶صģҲ⿴ŽСôվţҪȿڲ裬ɽϾ˶
ɽˡ
˲ɣ󾢷磬۾һת˲˵أڶǰ
ãо֮ɫ
ŵĵӶһӲ
ôǵԹˣ

ɽµϢֱӴѦֻͬƹֽĵʻӲöֽ׺ɫȿ˵ɽָҪѦ塣
ӹ֮λнʮˡ
ɽĴ˷ѹںɽ֮еĻޣɽɽ²ðƽϢҵޣȴĴĵ֮ˡ
ǽ
ʱԪµ˱չ׽ʧܣڼԭпܽӹ֮λĴƹشʧʧϣѡǱɽķȥˣ꣬ɽԢĳƱϨһյʦһյ
ɽһʱһţ
ʮ꣬ڶʮǰһֱŵųнӹص˸ɽĵţҲһΡ
ʦֱȸߵͣʵԼıһΪȴҲʧɽŶΪɽһⲻ֮¡
ʧڴĿĹĻ֮УֻһմѪľӣҲġ
ȴҵɽ£˵ãǷһ
һ˵ıҪ
¼ָҪˣʱӳ˲ٵѦҲҪϼ֡
㣿
ϸԷԷ뵱޶ԾǼеģƸƸǶһվǸʮƯС
üҲЩȣǻȻ
ˣ˼䡭ʮˣ⸱ģҲ֡
ʱģѦмֹ죬˵ûڶҲԹŹ֡
ͼѦºۼϳֹı飬ɫҲЩɡ
εЦһ£
ɽһ˴˵㣬˵
ѦӦˡá
·ϣ˷˽Ų˳ɽСǰߡ
ûһ⣬Щп
ŻϵطȴֺЩһˡ
ѦȴڣԾִˣҪѯֹ
תͷģú֣𣿡
˵⻰ʱ۾Ц⣬ͲϵĿ͡
ѦͷˡһЩùﵱȥΪֽһ
ƺһ֪𣿵䲻ܡʦֺܴ
δǸ֣ȴԶ˵ʱΡ
֣ɫƺҲһ٣űЩˡ
ܶ𣬾ĬãתͬѦȽЩ귢˵֮Իʡ
áѦ̾˿Ҫ澵Ӷ𣿾ӱ˲Ǳȥұ˵
Ѧߣȥȡӣһ·ͬЩ¡
ںͷȫ֪𣿡
ᡰšһɫЩƮ졣
Ѧܻ޵˽ɽˣϧƺзȥһų˳ȥ
ɽϵĻҲӡˣӡеξԪµӭһ٣˼δȥȥˣʮֵ꣬š
ЩĴ¼˵˸ס
ǣţ˼һʦˣأ
֪ǷܿǸ֣ǲ֪ҪйϢʶûƹʶ
Ѧ忴һۡ
ʦɽˣ⡭֮ڡ
ˡ̾һ
ʣǣƹأ
Ѧ壬ɫ档
Ѧȴٿת߿ǰ
ʦشĿʧʧϣɽȥˡ
Ȼ׼˾ﻰ˼ƹһҲֻδͶ̥
Ȼ䣬Ծгʹ
ɽ֮ʱӦǶʮֻ꣬ꡣ
һҲδʮꣿ
⻹˶εǡ
΢΢
ͷѦ˵ЩʲôЩûȥֻĿ΢üͷܾƹﲻ̫Ծ
һʱ䲢δ뵽ΪԾǸϣ̸֮䣬ѵ˲


75 
Ǵǰģ, ӵ??ݶŲ֦űƸ, Ҳδ˴
Ѧ?˴
ع, ļͬطŵξһ, ?, ûע⵽СϸҲŴ˳
Ƽǰ˹Ǽ
?һЩ졣
һ룬?ò, ֱ??֮ʱ͵˼ҵϵģ
ƺ⵽Ŀ, Ѧͣ½Ų˶, ܵһǸɽɽ??ʦүȻ˵񡣡
?
??˾˷Ͷ̥֮ʱ, ȷʵ??ϡ
ԭǱ??ƹϵģʱ鼱δ˼, ?ɾ??˷˽, Ǳλʰˡ
ֻǴȻ˾Ͷķ̥շתξ½ϣҲǷ֮
ҲϹһˣб, ˤB?˾Ƶְ, ɽ??һӦǲ??ϵ, ЩʱûйĹӷ, ȥ??̽̽, Ƿôһ
һ?ţһѦ, ̤ľʵĽݣ˭?㡣
?ܺе룬һ·ڰȥ
һʱ򣬻ǷһĪͨʶ?Ǳ??˵??ŵļϣһͺͨ԰Ϊ׽已ֿ̥˻Ļ֮С
·ʱ⿴һۣȴһż??ѱȥδڷʲôԵ鼮ֻ˱ĳҡ
ֻһ?ջߣ?ҲջȷʵƹдһͨʶֻǼϱӵ¶ˣ??Ϊλ??ϱ??ɽĲҵȴҪ顣
ĭ?޵????鼮ҪܹⱣ棬δĴʵ΢Ŀ?ЩѼ
??һЩѦ˸žصȼ˼յ??ϵĳơ
ȼĵƻ֯ӳ֮£ÿ˱ڷ???㾡ͷܣͷֻһöСɵͭɫ޲ţš
Ѧԭ·??ǰߣʱͣ½Ųعͷ
?ǹξB?ӡ˻ͱ÷??󷨻ţ??ʮˡ
???գҪȥ⿪Է͸˵󷨡
˭֪?һ֣ǾӳϵľȻҫĿĹһŨɫ󣬾Ѧüͷ
?ʶͷȥõķӦȴЩɫκ⡣
һǰȥ
ȵȣ󷨻δСһЩ
Ѧ廰δü??֣꣬ʹǸߵȵķ󣬻㽫̽˹ȥ˾ӡ
??õ﷢
ǳǳЦһ£ָĦ˾Ƭ̣ͽתһĿɫɵѦ塣
лɽұܣ?ˡ
Ѧ񵽵Ǿһɽ֮??һĸӣ׳࣬Ȼ??ӵɻԾǶסϵɫ
?Щûѹסľ𣬿õ?Щζ
ֻǵԭõĶ񲻹ԭˣʹ?ͷӡŻһ׮£Ҳܶȡ߾ӵΪ๡
δ?бҪͬ??һЩ飬?ùȱ𣿡
??꾵?ȥʱߵ˲⣬ƿȺػҵ??ĵƻߵҹĻ֮¡
?һ䣬?äB?ƺЩͻʱɫˡ
ȴֻ̧⿴һҹĻûʲôνӦһ
ѽѦ??·
ƺЩƺ??֮ʱü?ǳЦ⣬һ統Ǹ?Ц??С

Ѧ彫뵽??͵Ĵ
ֵصĵӣƺδ????֣?µػλˣ??ŵʱĿ?һ˿Ĵ̽
ֻǵܹ??ӣɫҲܿͱ?ղ???˴??˵˸Զĵط
ȼ˵ƻյ͸
һˣЩ
??˼˵һžƹ˸ɽҪΪB?ߵĹѰһ𰸣ֻǴ𰸻δѰλ??ͨԪҲֻҴҼһ棬ʾѻȻԭĴ[?Ʒȥ
Ҳִٵؽ˷һ??˻ԣͬƹ
??Ȳ裬ˮȴδʱϣѦ˾Щƺ??
Է
ʹ˺ۼеܿѦԭģͬĲδʲô𣬿???ǸЩ??ЩСĸɽӡ
м䣬عλٿ֮£?ЩĴȱ
Ѳ²⵽ԷҪ֪ЩʲôҲӣֱҪ㡣
֪ʲôݣ??ʲôܣ𣿡
Ѧ廹???οѯʲŲð??ܽףû뵽һֱ⺬Ц˿ڡ
?΢٣˳õĻ
ǡΪ㵱μ٣??????ʮȴδֺ
Ц
Ѧ壬ڣ档
Ҳ޷ֻǡ
Ѧ[?һЩʶȴŶԷĺ󻰡
öģҽ͸¶ݶҡģҲ??һİֶӰľ񡣡
һҲĳ
ͬһλ˹׮׮[???ɵĴ??ڷ̫죬λɶԷӸ棬Ǹʲô¡
Ѳȥʲô˵˵
ѦĬã˾ġ
ãġ
Цһ£ɿЦ???ô߸??ϣֻǸѰСҡ
ҲʲôӣֻЦӯӯѦ壬Ҳʲôˣ˾εɡ
ɡ
޵֮˶ԣʲôƮ֮
޵֮˲ҲãҲãΪӶ已̥ƣ
ʹϹŷ˷ּģµֻƬ[?ǰ޴ӿ֤ȴԾΪ޵һ;ǰͺ̣Ʒ
赭дһ仰ȴԾѦ֮С
?ûзӦظɣ
һֻü˾ͽѦ??ξ???ͳ
ţ˾ǧξɡ
ѦԾ𾪣ֻǾ֮ɣǰ֮˻??ôһƺ[?м??ѭ
ƩΪΡٶȳ??ƩöľΪͨʶܹѹһĻޣƩΪ??ʮ¹Ǽʮǰģ
Ѧһʱʧԡ
?ʵǷ˵֪ɴ??ӦҲûҲգܹҪЩͬġ
Ѧǰý?ģ?ʱĪһҲýˡ
ġΪҪҶ¶ʵݡ
õͷҲ??ȥļ䣬ֻǷʧЧʱ??γһָţģĵģܽܣҲΪ֮
ѦԾɻȻ
???ǰ


76 
ѶϢʵھ, ľþƽ
ֻײǴǰǸˣôʹһ;Լļ⡣
һֽ, ǽǰһС
Ҳ⡣
ʵɼ, ȥ²Լݶ¶ֻ֡е׾ԼͬɽԵֲǳ, ξһԸɽмָл
Ѧɻ, Ȩˡ
ѦʵͬƹǷʲôǰԨԴ
ԱЩˣȻڶԷ
ĿƬ̣˼ƲܿưƮԶһЩ, ֱ
̧Ŀ, Ϲһ󷽷Ц
ǡ
Ҳûʲôóϵġ
һ
˷ҲѾˣûڸɽȥıҪ, ñ׼뿪
, ҪͬѦȴѦ庰סˡ
ù
ûعͷ, ͼѦƺں֮Щɡ
ֹѦ, ƫƫͷʲô¶𣿡
Ŀ峺һ۾ףȴʲôҲûС
ǻ봫˵Уɡ
Ѧȴɽʱ, ᵽƹһʱ, ̶ɫ, ֱǰ, Ҳġ
˻, ɣǾԼ뵽֪ڶԷ
ñפ, ̸ͬһյࡣ
뿪ɽʱѦ͡
ÿŷĹˣЦЦף㶨Ȼ³ɣóԸ

ôӸɽδ˲Уǻһ·ɽ
ȡξҲ̽˺飬Ҳһˡ
ֻѦǰһֹԷ¶ĴӶ飬Щ޷ƽ
Ѧһ飬Ȼһ붼ԴĲ²⡣
˵ʱʵעƹˣҪǾöԷĿЩ֮棬һֱͬ¡
һֱʦִʮۣЩˣͺʲôܣ͵ʦԪµͬƹ̸ԪµҲ˵Ĳǣִ̫
ٽϷͬʱ͸¶ѶϢѲʲôĲ²⡣
޵֮ŷתֻصģҪʦֵǴʲôǰļ䣬Ʊصļһ㡣
ѦЩ˼ʵһĻܹҶˡùŮҲ⣬ֻʵǲ²졣
ȴһ²ඥ
ƹԼĪ׽Լ֮ٿȻת̬ȣż¶ġͬǰһɫٵֻǹһ鷲ˣûǰʱżЩĪ̬е󣬾ÿ롣
Ѧһ²㲦ϸ龹пܾˡ
ñ˱۾
һĪ٣ʵеã¶
ͺЩɷ˵ڿɵİһű߼ʡ
ξѹʱҲοԼ߳ĹȥδһһƺҲûʲôĲͬȥϸƹǸ˵ʱԭƽ֮ӿͬһͣͬ¶ҲѹҲգֱʻˡ
ǷΪ֮ĶΪ֮Ϊ֮ν鰮
š
֪Լ٣ǾһкƮ죬Щã޴룬һֻֽ΢΢ȥգЩµĵȴֺδ֪ϲ⣬˾¶Ҳ
ˣĹ˺Ļһ˼ӭµһա
߹δȫ˯ѹĸɽ·˳˯Σͺ·磬Ҳ·Ρ
ٿһ۸ɽƬͬһĵطҲȹСĵط
ֻϧһûлһΣźٴֻأȴµˡ
û˱۾
ĿɫһƬżᶨ
ûȥһ˾

ֻ̨
˾ͻȻǰãһ飬ƽʮֵΡ
СڣΪƹ¶Ӱˡ
ʱǲڣһԷҪÿҲûȰܡ
˾ιΡϾһ׮ҲٰﲻͬһˡҲǲнģٻмʱ䶼н
סˣɿڻŴӶԼ鷳
ολ鵽µ˷ϴ񣬾ͻ᳢׹ʮɺ쳾鰮
ͽͰˡ
ȰһȰԼˣҪһλ˲ŴӶԿ࣬ҲɫԷֹСֺɱΪѿ
ôˣΪǸܡƹ¶ɡ
òδϣȴҲûÿθʱļŭ
ƽù֣˾ָӺɡ
˵㲻ǰ㡭ʶôˣҴ֪㾹ȻǸ۶ġ˾ֵҪ˵ɣɷбʹһһͼʲôأ
δӦЩĬһƺЩʲô
˾ֱĳһȰ鰮Ĳʲôʹɿ飬棬ҲͰˡٲãǧ˵Ҳ㷭ˣ㻹𣿷ҪԼȥ飬ǡ
ȴƲͬһɫΪ
Ŀ⻺ת˾ϡ
˾ֽҪȰ˵û˸Ŷģʲôĵ⵹
㿴˼ɣĽΣһ˼Һö˶˵ؼһ˼Ϲ˶
ü죬ȴ˾ִϡ
ãáǲ˵һҲ㣿ǲǻ˵ԼͶ̥ȥĵڶԼҲûԭİţ˾ַ˸۶֪֪ǸܡƹΪʲôͻȻҪ޵
ԱջҪ˾ֵͼ
ƴ𰸽ǰֻҪ˾׿ڵõһӡ֤
˾ּͶ̥ʱ򣬶ûȣһļ䲽ֻء
ſڣȴ˵
ʹѦ²⣬ԼҲ˲²һʱӡ֤ȴԾЩȡ
˾ȴ֪Ͷ̥죬Լڸʲô𣿡
óƬ̣ԺǶʱյļ䡣
ܿԼʱؽ磬ֻΪȥƹֻصĻֵõظһڹҲְء
Щ
ͼ˾һеԼֳġΪ㣬ͲҲżתżһҪ޵ɣ·ٵһߣҲԵĲ
˾ҡͷš
ȴһ¼ᶨɫôˡ
˾ֵģЩͷȴŵüͣ˵˵üҲ΢΢һЩ
ƹͶ̥ϢҴӦ㲻ٶӸ淲񡪡ҿԴӦٳǰ
ֻ̲סҪ
Ϊ޵ǰͺ̣ȴ׹뷲˵٣
ľ⣬ֻء
˾־ĬΣû˻̾һ
á


77 
ķʱ, Ҳת˲šԾ糣ݱţϲ, ֻء
ľǳ˴ĸѲߵĳ, , ﶼ·˯
ƹԼլۡ, һελϸ֪Ů
ʵڵһε֮ǰʲôΡ
˶ξ۷׷֮ʱǲġ
ĳһҹ, ͬ鲼Ũ, һλĹ
λ︦һξ֮УӦ, ԭʶҲ, ԹŴˡ
һͬЩƯûʲôֱΨһ˫, ˵ʱЦ, ͺϲ
һЩţһ⣬ͬ鸡ξ֮еƹʶߡ
оõ, Լвʲôʵ, ֻһƬƮʶ, λĪĹȴܿƵ, ۾һ˲
, ﳯڵķ֡
ѵ㶡
ͼԴЦһ, ͷһ㻹֪ξʵɣ
˵ţָ󷭳ÿĻңңƹڵķһָ
ƹ΢٣漴ʶ㿴Լлʱѽ̤ʵء
λ㳯Цӯӯͬ˸к
ѽ
䵽ʵ壬ԭŵŨҲʼɢ¶һ£ԶƬ֣ŷ
һб仯۵ЩȻ
λҲĿȥľ±仯ɫЩпͻ
ƹǰδӦʺãʱ̲סڣһ䣺ʹǡ
λԱعͷգգ۾
ȻͬҴˡɫе棬еο⻹ͷһءǵѭѭͬһֵ˵ſϷֳҼۡ
Ǹɫ˵ЩĪĻ
ƹЩĬȻȴÿܡ
չûа־ţΧһ󣬱ֻš
ǹҲûһ˳Ĭãǰͬ˵
ո˭𣿡
յЩ˵ӦöԷûзִ硣
ҲǱеĻ򶯣ƹһʱûзӦֻ㶵ءšһ
ͼЦۣ¸ýˣܿϸɵĵ
ɤŴҲ˵Ц⣬Ž޶˶׽
ֻҲܸġ
ﻹЩź
ƹЩУͷȴѣֻѵöһ˼и̡Ҳ֪źʲôڴԼȥ˭
ǹһתֵǿξɣ˵룬ԵҲֲˣеԲһ
ԷĻף˷Ҳ㲻ʲô¶
ֻԼ鳤˶ʮ꣬ͷһΣôһΣҲмϡ档
׵ǣǱĳļ΢΢ƿһǣԼҲй˭Цӯӯͬ˵һεġ
뷨죬ֻԺƮһ˲㱻鵽һԡ
ûʲôν΢΢ʹǷܰ˶Էһ䣺Ǳлˡ
βԷ𻰡
̧Էͼ΢΢Բ۾ǶķӦЩ⡣
ƺǼѽͶԼֵܿ飬ֻҡͷЦЦû뵽㵹Ǳζࡣ
ֵĻ·ͬԼʶԼǰĲͬ
Ȼûһλġ
߶߶Ưַˣɫеο㡣ŵһҹҲֻܼôˡ
ǾҪͬˡ
ƹ΢΢һ£Ī΢
Īļ½úİü
Źֵ
һˣһǻԼεġ
˵꣬ͰڰҪ뿪
ƹʶץס֡
Ȼûʱʧػͷץסֻ֡
ƹŷӦԼΪ˶⡣
Ҳ֪ΪΣĪ嶯ʶҪסƵġ
Щ˼̧ͷȥԷ
ȴǹֿ˿ڣɤ峺Ц⡣
ô᲻ѽ
ڵ٩
ƹʶĿƹȥϹۡ
ӳԷеԼ
Щ֪Ҫôشֻɿֻʧ˷ִ֣ԾǰĹ
Цһ£ձǳУˡ
ϧҪ´μɱнŶ
£ӰͬɢĹ⣬ת˲ʧǰ
ֻһƬΡ
ƹȴȻʧ
·ǱȺѾãųٳٲһΡ
뷨ʵڹŹĪֱ峿ԼǵǸȴɵΡ

ڶգĽͷƹѹ˶ңסȫݣüֱ֧̯ͬεܹμİĹʲôԢ⡣
ͷεܹЦе
ˣÿˡ˼š
شеݶ̫İңԶü㲻ٷϡ
˯ǰڤһʾԼĪҪӰԽԽμʵδʶԼȷʵλĪı⡣Ϊ޹ؽҪһ١
Ȼûμ
ȴţ˵ʲôԼ᳣һͲӰ
뷨һ˲Щȣѹĵס
ʵЩæġ
ƹ񲻹ʮжͣȴڴҪְҴʮֿ׮׮ҪУ˶ΪĴ䡣
ȴΪǾǧֹеǧСɾȴ飬ÿֺãĴг󣬶ٻЩ߰⣻ȴǸ߰һˣ׽֣Щ뾡ǧټҲҪͬż˽ĹǣҲͨͨ͸ġ
ȱľвеֺõӵܣĹӸΪǵķһһʣȴƹһˣģ鶼ǰμȴӲΪ˭ġ
ǶЩĽĹ˭һͬʡ
û˸Ҵ²뷨ȴ˽̾أȻҪ׳ɼҵģҲ֪»ΣֵʲôĹۡ
ҲͬʶһЩˣŸҵ٩һ˵ǷΣҲ֪ĻΡ
ʵҲô˲ֻǵԼģͺ˼ȶĴ𰸣ҪΪЩġ
㲻
˯һϴȴѵΪҹһ˵ξЩ΢ꡣ
ԼҲм⡣
΢΢忡ʵüת˲ɿɫָ糣Įһ׾Ҳͬһ㣬û˭ܽɫɶһ
ٽ˼һ׮Īξϣʰ׵ţֱȥ˴¡
ղֵҪȥһЩеĵ
æһ׮Щİӡ
лҪ˵
ãô᲻ã
ܣ
ãƭ˵ġ
ܣ
bushi


78 
ϸ¿ʼ, 㿪ʼкͯʧٵİϱʮĶ㣬ԱǳסľҲҪ򻧼, ճ˵, ˸Ѻ, ʲôֵ˶עΡ
ֻǺԽԽ, ʮּУɣͷ, ̲ͬ, ͬ˴κͯʧİӡ
ϸ
շз, ˵Ǻͯʧʵ, ץ˺ߡԭֻǷĴţԼĿߵЩ˶˵ȷʵײ˺ڰ׶ɫĹڶ˺ӵ˼ҳõͣ
ƹµ߷ЩνĿ֤ˣŵ˹ڹһ, ֲ̽־ֵ伮, ȴҲǹصļء
ȥ̽һʹһ̫ڴ
ҹһ˯ֻصƬȻɢȥξ֮ء
ϻشҴȥĹǶƬҶ, ڵ⻮š
ĬƬ, ǵԼרȥ˽εĿЦм, ΢΢˶, Ī˵յĹŹ뷨
˵˻ټ, ȴôЩӲų֡
һع, ͼҲܵĵ΢΢ͷ̧طϲ
ּ
ƹͷһ£ԼƺҪ˵ʲôյȴֻһ䡰š
ȴĮЦӯӯȹڣߵ

ýʵҲЩæ
һ׮˵飬ֻ»ûȷ˲ٹ׷飬м˺üղŵóͬƹл档
ǰξ֮أժƬҶڵϱȻţͬʱ¶
ѾƹתĵˣҲ棬峡Ȼͬ
֮ǰÿһضѡʮʱΣȾ漫ˣϾƹʶδһЩЩźġ
ֻ֣ʱڵƹƧһЩǧ֮ĮҲϣƺνǵĸ߰ƽ֮£˵ŵģʵദЩ׵ġ
Ʃͬÿһʱƹ˵Բ룬ƹǻЩһüëбֻҪԲ
Щ̧ζ
һЩ֮ͬǰദȣƹķķҪһЩֻҪͬϻˣ˺ģʮֺڲƭĴܵúܿ졣
ֻһصļ棬ЩȻˡ
ô곤һЩ³嶯˲٣ҲЩ¶ʱȻקסԼ
һųγ֣Ӧһѭ򽥽ģͬദˣźø׽һЩɵʱûס٩һ䡣
˭֪ƹƱסƵģ㶵ģз
ŴЦһøܵξĲ̧̤ξеƹߡ
һͬƹкȴԾ顣
ʵһ׮¶Щ⡣
˵ֻ㣬Ѿʶƹĵڰ
ͷƹƺЩԾ
ÿһתٶʮ̶ֹֻܻʮͣǾԻڶʮꡪһĵһѾ֤ˣԼͨȴҲʮձ
ôģȥҹһ˾֣ҲװɵҪӣǷĸ˾ַ˻ڲ
úգҲӦٲַ˵ֻǺˣҲŵԣûΪ˾
ֻǽһ׮¼ļ䣬ŷÿһҹȥʹʲôҪģҲһʱܹ֡
ֻǿֻҪܼƹˣͽԼˣּҲޣҲġ
Լеķ£û˻ԴͼƹҲĬƲδעϡ
չȥһЩ΢΢ƫͷڵҲз°
ƹԭЩſգԳɵйͻȻѯʣ΢ʧ˽ķҲһЩ
⵽˶ԷеǸҲ֡
ֻǶԷҲʲôգȴһӵǹģƹʶжķ˶٣Ȼǽ˼йذӵЩ齲˶Է
ΪӲ˹׽۽˼˵οһûʲôҪ飬ܽ飬ͨѰ˵ģҲ޷ϵĻˣȫù
ǰĹֿ̫ʱԼȫȻȥһߡ
ԭֻߣ˭֪ĹķӦȴϡ
˵Ǻڰ׶ɫĹ̸֮ʱǹ΢۾ͺ֪йѶϢһ㡣
˶٣ȴûдֻǴյøһЩʮֺ棬һ˫գգͺڴ˵
˵Щ˵Ĳ²⡣
Щ˾캧ˣҹ˾֮ʱãӵʧͬӲ˹ϵ
ԳɵĹȴ̲סˣôǲأֻجΪʳʲô޺˵ѽ
ȵȡƹԣüë֪ǹΣ
˸Ƨ鼮Ҳûҵصļأǰ֮˵֮⣬ƶϤ
һ٣룬Ӧһǡ
ƹɫ
ɷ񽫹֪֪ң
תתɿԺ޳Ų͸¶ϢӦһáֵ
ϸϸ
˵ѧӦǽģͬԵ鲻һ죬Ǿһࡣ
ֻʳجΣרҹ˾֮ʱų֮еˣʱ˱㽫ج޳ԷǱجħ
ʳجϢأֱռͬǴ
˵Ծʧԣһ£جϢרξͳһΪϡҾòǲẦ˵ѽ
۾ƹɫҲ档
ԣǲŪأ
˵꣬ͼƹһۣ˳˼
ȴԺһ
á
Լûһʱڿ˵Լ˾ξݡ
һ͸¶Լ˾εŮһ磬Լֶһ׮£ʲôǣйǰļ䣬ֱӰ˲ӡ
֮Ҳϸ˵ˡ
ƹʱѴӳ˼лع
˳ŵ˵
ȷʵҲòǷ䴫Եô򵥡
ȲǷһ˵ȻǰξҲ㹻ףƺӡ֤˳ԽڷĴڣЩͯߵйɣ֮˽թҺͨġ
·
һֱΪֻץؼ
ǳǳһ̸˼ôһ׮ͯʧٰЩ죿ܸоڲ˺ſϵ
Ƭ̺̽ſڣ
ҲһŲȴδµĺͯ𣿻ǰҵ
ƹüͷһ
Ҳ˼İ취
üƺų⣬Цһ¡
ȻҹҲܸʲôõء
лҪ˵
ãš졣ô㲻
ܣãȻ.jpg


79 
ĿҰڲҵɫԵø̡
ˮ£˳׵Ķ, ˶ǱӰùһ㣬Щü
оԼʲô˸ˡ
ĸокü죬Ȼ˿׽̽˵ľϢ, ֻ֤ԷĵΪҪ
ħ, 󼸰ʬڷ, ɥ, ˶ϣظе
ԴͻƷĽޣֶλһ, ˮֻ, Ѿˣ졣
Դͷ, ڸɽδ, ʵǱصķǳСģδֳʲôעĿĴ£Ǳš
ֻйͬƹʱ, Ϊһ׮¡
ɱ, ȴֻЦԷǳʵҲСģʳͯΪķȤ˵ʱ˸󣬾˵̶ʱھȻ˽ǧΪ
۲ý
˼, ݷס, , Ҫھｫһ׮ɰ֡
ץߵĺӶ˾, ǰһ, ֱӽЧ΢ѪĴá
ķҲڽһռ, ֻպԲ֮գɶ֡
֪̰ö࣬һרŻʱڼ꺢ֱָͯճŷֺͯʧùڼˣʼ̽
ֻһжˡ
ˮ뵽Щ⡣
ֻҪһɣʹǺɣҲһ
ĪԼµǸͬմ˱ߵĹ
ҹ̣Ե̡ɨͷ߸ߵӲڶĦ졣
û˸һʬصء
ˮһ˿ӶСƹһС£ƿڸǵӲݣ¾һεĶѨͷԼкͯĿ
Ĵһè֫Ӳȴһֹһµ˶Ѩ
Ѩζܲţڵζӣл̺һ˿Ѫζƺ͵˷ĵزɢһӵ
бĺͯجѹǻ˵ֻͣİĻ﷢֨֨۵Ŀ޺
ˮѵĻЩͷҲ֪ǱͯĿŻĪоûȻ
һҪֵĺͯ뽫֮ȥȴͻȻۣͣ˶
ǵһֱϢ׷ˡ
ˣˡ
ƺ߽Ѩˡ
ĶѨԭųʪѪζʱȴƽ׵ɫһ޷վڽ䡣
ˮϢϤ
΢ӲػعͷһλĹԭõǹЦһϴʱɫŴҲС
ϵҲԶ˰ǰŷ˵ʹ˼𶥵ֻ
ûϵ⼸ͻƤңԷһϵó
סԼһĺ⣬װƽ

üһһѨܿע⵽ƺ˲ٶʧĺͯȻʪĿŻ֮ȥѪζʣĺŽ붼Ϣ
ܿͽĿǰŵ˵ϡ
ԷĶƵһ룬¶һƽƽףľıƺǰڳһ˿ãȻɫȴô̫
øܵõԷϵаϢ·һЩԾԶĻ䡣
һǸͨˣƹһɱӶẢͯаŷȴûܼʱǼʮ
ǰ鱻һӵаƺһ׮ӵס
Է׶ԺİϴǵϢǰȷϡ
ƫƫͷɫ档
ϵ㡣
ƺһ£ãȻ֮ɫһЩ¶ȫòƺڽһЩ
ͻȻЦЦ
ɽһ˰ɡ
ڱɫҲμϢ
ȴʮ⣬գգۣͬԷ̸һ㣬ûлȥҹأҵľúôţҲȥɡϾݻޣݱ˸ɽء
ˮвʶҪȴһͷס˶
ǰǶԷĶ֡
ˮð亹
׽ѿʶķӦҪЮ޹ͯΪͬԷתȴܿͷ֣֪ʲôʱѱ˺ϣͬЩֵĺͯ
ҲͬϻֻһӣԼ޾Ļ֮УҲʶʧɢ
ÿŶ޻֮ˣĮȻġ
Է׵£κζ˶ԷϣѨʧͯѵ̾˿
һħа֮ˣȴϢͻЩһ·Щѡ
ʹͻأֻ漰Ҳ͹ˣⷴɲ˵п©Ʃ粻Сıײ֮Ӱ顣
̾˾ϣֻٿˮһ˵ʬ壬ʧԭء

յͶ״һĪʬһ峿ĵŹǰ
ѵ˯ƿ˴ţͷһˣʬһ״ֽдžͷһС֣˵ǡţȥڱһѨѰʧĺͯ
۾ޱȣҲ׷ĪֵĶǴʱϱˡ
ͷȻҲֽϼصݻ˵׵ʮ֣¹ش󣬻ǲȥһ⣬˭֪Ѱʧİͯ
ʹЩǲˣĴ໹һ
궯һʱҲ׵ؽˡ
ƹͬλеɹŹһ졣
Էǰ˵Ļæ˺ͷһϵе飬ձЪ£ߡ
֮Ȼɣɫͻķ͵֮䣬ɢ°߲¹⡣
ֻһأղ֮ͬ
ͺµĴ΢ţԶҲīɫŨصĻ谵ɫ󣬷·ƴһҪξ֮ɡ
ΪŹֵǣΣȴûпǻõǰɹ
ƺǸܵĵƬЩ΢ı仯һ֮䣬ŨصīɫԶһЩңң·Сްĵƶһ㣬ʧصҲƽϢ
ֱʹ֮£ƹƬ̣Ƭȥ
ԽԽïܣ죬ȫ¹ڵס
һ·ֻ˰յʱ䣬ǰһǰľɫȻ¶һ沨Եĺ档
߶˸˫ֱϥʹԴź淢ԼȴûеһʱĹ˭
ƺĽŲԷ˵عͷͬĿңң֮ʱһŨصİͷɢ˫ﺬЦƯ۾ת˲һᣬۿҲͨ졣
лҪ˵
ϾŵӦûһ~
֮ÿ˫
ϾҪ


80 
þԼЩ, ƺ˲֪ϦǺϦĵز
֮仹ܼǵãڷʩЩСķ, Ƿ˰ɡ
ֻһεķôôأ
Щã, շ֮ʱ˶ûʲô, ɸҲЩ΢ʧء
ʱȫƿصξ֮, ûɵаȫУҲûн䱸
γĺ·ӳ˵ģ, ȴһƬڳīɫС, צҪ
ϵ, ǱѹξĻޡ
Щͷػһ, ͽ³ˮס
뿴Ŀɲ
뿴ʲôأ˼꣬һδ𣬺ƶһƬξ֮С
ƬξĪϤ, Լ֪, ⲻıԴξ
ΪʲôӡξĻ޻أ˭أ
һֱҪķµǸˣֻ᲻أ
Լϥǵı䣬ĪЩ䡣
ǲѽ
ִֹͦͦ
Ų, Ϥʶܺ˵֡
عͷ, ˺, ۾Щ, ̫, ΢ȵҺӯۿﲻĿƣ·һҪϹ䡣
ƹ
Ǹ֡
Էƺһ˲, ӦһͳһԽԽ
е⣬ỨĨȥ

ԵλãʾԷ
ƹ˳ӵߡ
ȥ˲ĺ棬ͿˮеĵӰֻǹµһˣԶһˣԼ
侲࣬ͷȴԾ΢ȡ
ĪԼŬ˺ܶ꣬ŷһתǨͺԼʱҲ޾ˣѳѵƬΣȴƴղһ
ʶ૵
Ϊʲôҵ
ƹ΢㶣ŷӦԷƺЩԾ
ԷڿȴƵߵ
Ĭֵ
û㣬ҲŬҪң
ûء
Խ˵ԽίҪˡ
ƹ˸𣬲׾һ£ʶز뿴⸱ӡ
·ҪǵĿҲٵù̡
ɵ֣˶ȥ۽ǵ⡣
ָ⴫΢ŴУδʪˣԵЩ뵡
ȴһ飬ָ⴫ļ䣬ʲôɵĻ䡪Ǵ䱻ֽסȴָʪ顣
¶۽ǵ֣ʶס
еʱл룬Ȼһûңô᲻ÿζŲҪң
ĻµĻѵĻ䣬¿ͷͷԡ
ƹüʶر۾
Ƭ̺ܴϸܵʹзֳʱ;Լ·Լ
ۣǰ˳ĶסɹӦҲ㡣
ᣬȴ·ֱôɵ״̬оѹ
ƹǸ񣬺ʱϵɫʶϤ
Ϥÿһʵͬʱϵĺǳ˼
ʱһ飬ͬͨ⣬ദ֮ʱż¶ļᶨȴɫ
ʶ¹λԼʶ͸¶Ļһ
ʹʱü֮䶼¶䵭ƹҲʶ񴳻ˡ
ܲȡ
ҧҧͬԷ˸ͳξ˯ƹ齱ߡ
ֻһۣܿԷڵ״̬ξȴûü˯
÷ɿһľüġ
ָĴʵ
ƺѾкþúþûеشˡ
ӿķӹ۳˯ƹЧ
ȴЩ᲻Ųָ
ָ˶٣ػӣƺ
ӷüѣϸܵĽޣͦı˴ġͬ˷ģĴꡣ
΢һ㿿ϵظĴ
˯е˽ë΢΢£ƺǿҪ
ܾͬһ㣬ʱԶЩȻʧټ

ƹ˯ʱɫδ
˼ԼĴ
ʶʵˣȴƱһԵֿǿŲֻͷ֣ԼǹЩֿ𽥻ָΨ۾ġ
ܵһֻϸֻӣ繵ᣬͺڶԴʲôϡıһ㡣ֻ󻮹촽ͣƬ̣漴㱻΢Ĵȡ
һ˲䣬оԼȻļµֱ֮ǣѹʶİҲɶһЩ
ȴѿһˡ
ƹȴûһ𴲣˳õĳ˼
ԴλԳɵĹоԺһƺǱļɶ
˵һʲôĸоÿȥһ䣬ͺ̤һƬҵİ¥İ켣֮κཻĹֻҪһЩһ鱻ǵļʹǿҵ·Ķ૵ȥһЩҿúõؿһ
ŵǵƺǷʲôҪ飬ʱȴȫȻǲˡ
һչæµġ
ֻҪɫҹȲҪΣƺֻ˯֮УܼҪˡ
ЩС
ѹ֪ԼΪ˳ϣÿһδЩеļ䱻ģˣǲϸڣԷ׶·ģڼ
ȴ֣ԼƺԼξơԭǲ﾿ʲôģεĴԽԽ࣬ͬԽԽ׽ҲʼǵԽԽ֮ܽ룬·ԭֽɶˣס¥ĳҲɨһжüա
˸СԺԺǽһһߴ֧ͩС͸֦Ҷ϶߲ɫȣһЩϵر־ֹ¡
Ϊһѩ÷֦ѩѹסʱʱƬѩָӨת˲ֻӯӯЦ
ֺƬϷۣ澲ĺƾ棬·ĶӳУת˲вɫͱϦ֮ʱͣҲԡ
ָңңһ㣬ɽˮת˲ֻ׹ɾ˵㿴ɵľǧĵط
յһ㿿γһҪԼȻǣȻЩڴܽǸֻЦ˾룬Ŀƿ
һҲִʱȻֹ
һмʱþͷ֣ƹɫƺﲻԣδͬ·ֹ
ĿҲƽģǼ̵̽
һҪϸδԷԲ̵ֻƿĿ⡣
ܲ


81 
˼ǡ¡
ƹʱҲı¡
һƹ念, Ҳ֮ʱᣬǳչâ¶͡
ÿǰεͬ, ־ﲻͬ
˼ȴػصǰǸҹ
һɫмƵҹ
̽, ؿǵ˻, Ժǽͷ¹Ժ, һˣݣɫȴĮ˷, ·𱻷𵽷ɡ
Ǹͬǰ˻ص, ϶Ϊһ
ǰٴοʱϤؽϸ
һβִƿĿ˱Լ
ȴ˿ͬ˵, ɤͬɽۻµĻѩ, 
Ҫһ𡣡
仰ʵͻȻȴеϤԶҲǵģص, ͬദÿһʱÿһ̡
ֻǵʱʻ, ۴̽ζҲ
Ҫһ𣿡
ôӻоѣȻǰˡ
ɫֱܺõزؽ·ɫ۵𣬲¶ֺ
ȴʶؾòԡ
ʮƹ⸱ģ
һʱ֪ԷΪλʳһ仰, ɫдȻ, δü, Ҳϸ롣
ԷƲϢĻᡣ
˶, 
ٹЩʱձҵˡإ, ֪İɣ
ſڡ
һƹδͬԼ˵£β֪ء
ƹ
˵, ÿһҪһ𡣡
ô
ƹЩִţȴԼҲԼΪҪ˵Щ·ƾдıܡ
õġ
ʧ֮ʱΪҪԼǷżѵʱ𣬾ͬ׽һЩҲҡ
ǧٱҲǧٱףȴ·˵ŰʱյĹ䡣
һĳ˽࣬Ķӡ
һδεؾͬ𣬿ٴβֻתһδͬ棻֪ҪԺƼȫ
Ѿˣ糣߹ôֻˣʱôأ
©أ
òöֻ֪֪ԼҪٴӰԷĻõĬĬ뿪
ͷһθоƣã·Լһֱǿ󣬶֮ȴԶĺ蹵
֮ǰܹƽ͵ĽˣΪʲôϤ飬ͻὫ֮ǰжԼȰοȫƷأ
һʱҲ𰸣ֻĶӡ

ƹҲ֪ԼΪҪ˵ЩԼЩûӡ
ֻҪһһͨۿʣо̲סʹԺʱʱһͺ˵Ҫ㡣
һ¶֮ɫĶӣӰת˲ʧҲҲټ
ۼ¹һ룬ȴҲûгеŨֽɢ·Ҫһжڸǣеã꼻һ֣ͺڡ
ƹȴһЩ顣
ͺЩͬξĶһһ֮Ӧʵֻص顣
ЩȿʼƬΣʱʱͻȻԺи֣ȴ𽥱ᣬ֮ǰÿһͬơ
εԺÿһ
ÿһΣȴϸ֪ɹá
öȴΣҲġ
֪ԼΪܹͻֻصĽޣһĻĻʱ䳤£ЩԭñһˮɵߣٷתͶ̥Ļ顣
ȴȫʰͬʰıء
ͻȻԼ
ɺ⼸δȱϯȴʵСĽ˼㣬ֻмҲ¡
ǰգξнδ֮ʱϵġþǸǡ
ͻȻһǿҵԤУͺԼֻѾҪߵͷٲǵĺܾܿĴ
֪ԤдӺζ
ǳȴݿܵУͺ֮ǰÿһ֮£ƽӭԼյ㣬Ϊ
ȴü
Ũصʶʹ۽ޱѹĳףʱĿɫȴһƬżᶨɫ

¶ʮ
ҹС꣬ϢɢЩҹĻȴǽ֮ոΪصĺɫ
ƹ£ʹԼ˯֮С
ЩѾѧƿԼξ
ҲͬһЩξ֮¡
˵һ˵ξǱĵᱻٵӳС
˵ԭֻ·Ҫ˵͸һ
ֻǺֵǣһƬξ֮򣬺ƲֻһˣиĶԼҲͷ
ƩƬͬһĺѹںµĻޡ
Ȼ˴ǰļ䣬ȻҲǵԼǸɽƹһ
֪ǸʲôĶ
ֻ΢䣬۵׾ʹһ˿ܲ˵ķɫĻԭƽĺ档
ʱӿĲΣŨصúƻīɫԭ峺ĺˮۣʵ񣬾Ҫˮ
ȴ˹Ȼ
ת˲ͳǰŭؿ
ƹȴͻȻЦһ£ظ㡣
ɶ𽥻ָƽδˮĻҲٴαˮס
ÿһۺ棬ֽĿƺǸüˣԾ΢΢ش
ƹ֣ޱɢһ鷢𵽶󣬶˶٣¶һЦ
Ծɾɵؿһʱ˵
ת˲Ƭľξ·ǿ˺һ飬ɢ֮С
ξеĻҲʹ˵ȥ¹Ϊꡣ
ʱֻ򵥻һ⣬׹ԼǱ˴ξ˳ֵĵطƹľ
ƺξ˵϶ԲİλصʦξһΡ
ʱȴȻǱƹξǿ˳
ڱ
΢ЩãȻƱһֻֽסЩ
ΪΡҪ£
ͺҪһҪ顣
֪ļһ˿˿֮лݳȴת˲Ũصɬζ
صִ
úܿ㶨
ϵƹ΢΢üͷȴһʱδתѡ
ҧһ׼δѸһҩ
һ׶žˮת˲˾ѾԾɱŵƹ˾ָҲңңҪĶ䡣
ŵȴͻȻۣɫŨŨŭ⣬͸ԼҲ״Ӻζ
þ㵼ˣʶ˺һȴס֫Ļ
ĻϤϢ׾ܻ䡣
㶶֪õ֮ʱĶȴһѹֶͳɤȾԴɳơ
׼ҵʲôʱ򣿡


82 
׼ҵʲôʱ򣿡
㶵شĻ, ̧ͷ
ܿ˫ﵹӰԼͻ
Ҳδƹ̬
ʶ
ʲôˣ
ƹʱ, Ծҧҧ
Ϊʲôÿһ͵͵, ȴʲôϸң
׹˼, ɫЩ, ȴҲΡ
޿κΡһίĿǻûа취޾, ȴҪֻصķˡ
עҪңң
˵, ίñǼⶼͨ죬Ҳɫ, ̧ͷҶֻصĵ, ȴʲôͰģֻ֪Ҳһ˽ٸĿѣҲֻ뿿һٿһ
ƹҲ, ί, ļ÷ᡣ
һ
˸εķӣңңҶΪĶҲҪӸԴ϶ɱ
ָ֮ǰÿһеŮ˱㺣֮һδεЩľ, ܵٳ֡
ͬǰһ
ƲƲ졣
ʱ, Լγѹء
ôǰļ, ʹЩõĻݵͬշҪѩ, ȴ, ԶҲǵġ
ǰķȴһ
һδεֻתУվҪȴǰ, ܲµֻأһֵ
ⱾǷ˵ֻ֮
ʹٸƹȴԾΪԼ˽ģһسվԼִ̫ˡ
ƹƽϢۣ̾һ
ʱȴֽ§һЩҲںһΪʲôĿѡЩȲǰȴ޷㡣
Ҳں
΢£ȴɵ
վҪһеġҶÿһ˵޷ⴳĹͣƽ׸ԭ޹š
ƹ־Щ
ҧ˶֪׷ô֮˾Ͳ𣿡
̧лȻ
ҡͬúþ˵˵ת˲ʲô΢΢ԼĻһЩ齱Щô찡ʲôôܻ֮ǰôļ䣿
ñɫֻ֪һȹ֮һòͷˣδζɣ
ӦҲڴδζʧְ䵽һ˴δǰ
ƹԭҲԼϵľеɣ⸱ģ΢ʧͬʱȴͻȻãгصķΧһɨգֻҪԺö˶˵Լǰһкֲʲô¶ˡ
һɫںÿЩ͵Цһ£Щŵʲôɹɫ档
չȥḧգָһЦϸСеĴƬ̣չȥ
Ľҩ

ջǱƹ˵ٴηԼһء
ֻƹͬ˵㲻ǴӦҪҹÿһ
΢ϣʾµһĻ
إһǷ˽˽ǧڣҲƹÿһ̶
Уƹ
ͬɻԵ֡Ҳ
ƹһۣɫᣬ
ǡҵÿһڡ
һ
ƹͬп
ĳ˵ǺһĲϲ
΢㶣׹˼
ÿһ25ꡣͺδǰȥ
ȴһδεԼǰ
ǰ˴󼸰꣬˵ĳ嶯˼˼зִ磬Ҳϸ顣
ʹԾͬƹÿһϸСദҲԾɼǵãԼɣϵ˵ǳ̣ŶԷ׹أȴҲٴǿ
𣬿Ҳ˵ġ
ʵһδοߵյ㡣ͺԶȥһ
ûа취ı
һõۡ
ѧϰߡ
뵽ֻƵƹǳǳЦһ¡
ȻܻңԶ㣬һЩƽ顣˵꣬ƫƫͷƺ˼ʲôɫЩ棬ֵԭˣΪһˡ
ģʹֻعǧ飬Ҳҵ㣬һĺΡ
ףʤ⣬³ɡʵ֤ߣһһֱġ
룬ͬһλ˵Ե֣ҲֻܵΪֹ˰ɡ
ƹǳõľĬ
ΣɫڳһЩɶǳǳսϸĹ⣬ʹȥмִ֮С
죬ȴƳĬ̫ãһʱЩҲԼ
ɫ˼С
Щģֻǻعͷͬ˰֣Ȩ
ֻһӰʧԭ
ƹվû˵Ǿ仰
˵ҲҲˡ


83 
Ƶ, ʵԾܵزᡣ
Ǿܲ𣬶ֽһԼ
ʱԼҪιܳأֻҲ
һƹȻ֮ǰ飬, ѻ, ȫȻʶ, γ˿ɰͯ, ɢһֵעŵԻ
ɵСͯȡл¶һŹɰ׾, 
ȡֵʱ, һԵ㲢˾֣˽Ĳ⡣
Ҳ̫˰ɡǸޣ
˵, ײײһԵ˾֡
˾ÿÿΪ˷Ǹƹʧһӵʱ, Щ飬ʱĲɵػع͵, ǰǡǰ
ÿڵ㶼ȷʵܰɻﶥôһ֡
Сͯ˵Ŀȴʮ־, мίקõ䡣
ȴûʲôνСͯԴͬ˵ǲȻʲôвݲݣεʱû, һͺ, ȻͺͺҲа
Ҫ̧, ȴһס
סҵ½, ǰæտҲʱɣ, һ˾ģʱɣһ˸ʦ, ޵һøʲôƵģһ˪ֲ˼Ҷֳ̧⼸ˣȴʲôʸҸָֻŵġ
Сͯһ֪⣬ȴԾק°ڣС°ͣЩưؿ˼ۣסصͷ
ͺͺ
һͼСͯӦЩЦ⡣
㱻ͷһЩɢü۾Щ
תͷˣô˵𣿡
˾Сӿڵɲ׶ʧŮɣء
ȻҲ֪ͬǷ˵һģʧֶʱûúüۣһȫûһԵԼüۡ
ͬζͯ˺һȤŴ㾫˸
ʱҲ˰ɡ˾֣ȥֻ̨ƹתĶˡ

һ˾ֵֻ̨ȥˡ
ߵ·ϣ˾λĽˣŽŲһ١
عͷֹؿںͷá
ţȻʮĽѣվҪλˡ
£Ȼƹһˡ
Ҳ˵ýȥһ˶ȻҪ˸ա
ԥ˲һ˲ýɻĿͶ֮ʱ;ס
ܹһԼҪֵģǴ͸¶ġ
¡
ûʲôóһϵЦԷһɫ˸˵㶼ת˶ˣҶҪˣҲ㳤顣
ƺҲ룬ɿˡ
˾ҭһ£ЦǺǣ
Ŀ΢ԶɫЩĿɡ
Ҳ˼䣬ʣֻ
䵭ȴĪѹ
˾ҲԼǴʹˣܿ졣

ֻ̨ûжԶĽų̣һ˺ܿ͵˵ط
˾ߵǰ֮ǰÿһһصװģһɫҡҡͷõ鲻
һ˲ܿ췴ӦʣһҲûͶ̥ת𣿡
˾ȴɫҡҡͷ
ǡǲ鲻ˡ
Ϣͬｵµ
Ͼͷ·ʧȥ˱飬ֻԭأ·궼ʧ
˶ЩӲתͷ˾֣ͬҪץסݵˮ֮ˡ
ʲôв鲻ءúõķˣֻҪֻأô鲻أ
˾ЩͲ̣΢ƫͷܿõĿ⡣
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôȷʵ޴ˡ
ǲţ˾֣·ҪҵһýָֿЦƭ
ֻϧһΣûøε˾ֱͦñֱҲӱѯĿ⣬ֱ׳
ñ֪һؿ˵ġ
ȴţԹǰԷ˾־Ҳң䣬Ÿ첲·˵Ұɣңźýġ
ȻҲҲ
л˾֣ײײֻ̨תʲôֱȥ
ǿĽ籮ǰƬƵĺ
֮ǰһдƹС֣֮Ͷˮ档
ָɵƮҡ滺û
ȴδһǰķӦҲ۰Ͱ͵һߵá
ͺƴûйһˣҲҲһ˵ټһж·һǧĴΡ
ȻشͷǰãֱפСɼ״ΨΨŵŵͬźƻһ㣬ͬԷЦЦʾԼû¶ת뿪
˳õĳš
һžǺЩʱգձŲֻŹ˻ڵĹͺͺ󷢴ǺͺͺȥҲûзӦȥԾľģʲô᲻¡
㿴ӣҲܲܣȥ˾ƵŽһ
˾֪鰡˾ˡ
˾ַ˸۶
ôп⣿ȥλСڸѰģ
ԭͱü۸ûһЩ
˾ȴתɫҺܺһ顣̫ˡ

˵ˣֻ΢ָһ
˾ֵҺΪʲôûкġ
üһĵҸúʲôôͶһصֵز
ǰ㲻ú
˾ֱ԰˵ⷲǲǲһ㣿
ҧؼ
ȴľԴ
üۣû˰죬ĿȴͻȻᶨһЩ
û¡ҵ¡
ܹ¶ɡ
˾Щ
ȴ߳һ죬ĵűǡ

˾룬˼ûôһˡǲ³¾Ҳƫԭʵʡ
ȴû뵽һ඼¶֮ʱ׵ģһеġס


84 
, Щ˵ˣȥתת
ЩһҲࡣ
˵һ, ׷ƹ˼ķ, ڿͬ, Ȼֻصķ֮, һǰһоɢԵȥ, ӦƮ
Լ½ĳġ
ԭȵξе, ΪģҲеؿݱ, ԼǸ
ƬЩŵ, ӵƬξǸˡ
˵ģΪ붮
ʱ, ô˵, һԵǲ˾ֶɷнµصͷͬ
ǻ˵ȷʵȱ˵۶ģҲЩĶ⡣
תͷǡ
أҶ𣿡
ʵͻȻ, ԻûзӦ
ȴֻǳǳЦһ, ʹ˽ҹ, ·ûʹһ仰
, Ȼˡ
һжͨ͸Ǹ, ٿȻʧؼ䣬Ҳޡ
ֻɷŲǸˡ
һеĺԴ, ǳεҲһǧִ
վǲͬ

ǽóţȥݷһֻ̨ͨ˾ɾ˾ʲôķӡ
ʧǵӽźۡ
ţ˾һģȴƫƫֵӵ¶ЩţΪҲҪúñһЩֹȫ¶
翴ˣ˾ֺ֪ʲô飬ȴˡ
ʹϲ˾֣һϣҲмƲԷ
ҧҧ䵭ŵһ¶Щȴת˲ֱɫ¶
ͣŷ궯ʱʱػҪ¡
̶ȴͷָʱֱֱָһ̶ķ򣬲һҡڲǺ޲óָķ̷ɱȥ
̲סѿڶ
ȥʦ
ָָһ·ȥƬξ֡
ãЩС
ʦϢ̷ӦˡסãЩ˼ԲסҪһˣȻȥ˾ָСۡ
ûδԼлعֻ㶵ص˵ͷͱ˾ٴǴɫŨ֡
ǰľѵõضסˡ
ͷҲӿĪͷֻһ˲һʱֱ治
ǵȲˣͷֱֵָ̽
ҵĽҵϺڲǰ׷ѡ
ͬ˾ִþˣԷëѧȥʱö߶ţŽôӳ˼лعЩʧЦ
һԼҲǱƬؽ磬æλʦΣѰҶԷټ
ƬξŨúƻһһ˾ƴǧξų⣬⡣
һʱδϸĻһ·ϸϸˣоɸ
֡ɫŨ
ԼȻܽξ
ȴת˲ɫٿȻǰãƹҲξ
ɺϣ
ɺϡ
ð亹ǡ
ǣ㡣ʦʲ
δ£ǰĽŲͺһƬЩͬѰ
ۼת˲ʧԼǰԼҲһϯ
Ũò񻰣öվȣס
һԼ̤Ƭµξʱľ£ʱ޶
һƵͷؽȥ֤ûκιǣֻѭűܵĸоһ̽ȥ
ξĿڣ΢΢ȡ
һƬã֮УʱŶ·ģ
֪˶ãưȻɢǰľһ
ȴȵס졣
ǡƹΣ
ľϤɫҲǼеģ
һ˲ЩȻЩֲ徿ԼﻹڻС
ܿҧҧ⣬ǿԼƽ˶ҡ
˳żߣһ·ͨ衣
ɫµֱ΢һ·ֺ֣Ƭ
ʱҵƹתʱ˶ԷΣ￴
ƺͬǧ˿Ƶϵ
ûлٹŪˣԭƽ羵ĺ澹ξĻ󣬶ӡξĻ޾ͱѹˮס
ʱǾһΪƹͬξʱ»صϤʶȥѰƬ
Ȼּ
֮ⲻԶ
һ֣߳Ƭ֮۵ס
һ룬㾪ۡ
Ծƽ羵˿
Ĵȴ˸ˣ˫ֽǰ˫۷·˯֮ˡ
ýһġ
ŰһҲգһ£Լ۾ǰ˾ͻʧ
̤ź棬֮˵ߡ
һ룬ס죬ˮ¡
·˯ȴۣ۲ĺڣһ˿
ͬ˫˿Ϥߵһ˲䣬ٴתֱξ
һĳϢһغţžǧȻζȴĪҪ׽
ãȻһ˲عһ΢΢üס߬ǰ½֡
ȴʶûǴЩ΢ĿƣװľİĮ
Ǻˣ
ʧŵĿŶԷ
һ˿ʣü򴽷ſãվȺԼ˺˼
·֮
þԺǿնģ֪ԼηЩܿƵش
ãȻػһ⣬ź֪طӦȻξ
ˡӦ˵ɢɫȴ࣬Ϥףĸоȴôİ
ող֪ô£ͻȻʧˣҺһġǲ֪ʲôʱϵˣǰһö߾վŵӰһͣɫصһʦ𡣡
ŴջĿ⣬һۣ޿޲ɵصӦһš
ȴԾɴ

ǹλŻعͷõ
ôˣ
ȴƲŻعһ㣬οڣȴֻ³һ䣺û¡
ǲŴڿ϶¶Щܵ˾Ƕ֪һʵ飬춼ϲ£
ҪȥʸԷȴŲʮա
ٴμõʱ˾Ҫͬ顣
ž̳ӣֻ̨ͷǰƮͷֻصķ˽硣
ƺǰѾһ˺˲ˣžöһûҭɫͨ졣
ıת˲ͨۿ䣬ĵúˣ޵óˡ
Ǿ̾ôһϿ޳˳ģת˲ֽԼͷ׿飬Էӣˣ
ñһףͣסˣֻ϶سҭţſͰͼˡ
̾һ⵽ô£Ҵ˾Ƕ˸һ֪İ汾
ĨĨᣬƻعһЩˣȴɸưĺΡ

۹Ҳ̫ˡ
ǣ
ȴҪˡ
Ҳ̫ù˰ɡ
һú壬ͬ˵һ
ȫֻĿɿڴ
ȵȡġʦ
ƹˤһ
ţԡ
̽ŵǲˣ
һ绹ǷŴÿвŵ֪ġ˾Ƕİ汾ֻ˵׷˽ǧķ˺ͬʧٵʦʲôȴûϸ˵ݣֻǸһζ
ʱһ仰ȴǴõʹ
ƲƲǣίؽԴϥ䣬Ƶֱһš
˺һ̽ŵ
᲻ʲô᣿
˵Ҫ˵ȫµɶΪ鰮ħˣʦҲ̫׹صġ
Դøˡ
һ֮ȻҲ֪˶ԷǸʲôɡԷˣûҲ̫һλĮĸ߸ϵᱻһС
ȴü˺һͻȻҪȥ׷ɣ
ñȻ̧ͷ
˾ԭЩɺ飬ȴԽ˵Խֱ׳㻹ϲ𣿡
΢㶣ͷĶȴɡ
㡢֮ǰһûûƤȥ׷˵ǳһף֮ǰű㵽أ
þ΢΢Բۣԭǵⶼɢȥ
ֻǣ񻰲ڣ
Щ
ȴͻȻЩˣ˻Сس˳ãЩɱñ֪˰ʦҪֵܵĻ
뵽̾һ

ȴϾ˼ֻ˼
Ǹҵģλ޳ԹԵû̫ѿڶֱš
ȴ֪Ų͡
·һ˼͹˲ɢ
ԼС

ƹɾʮֻйλ˯
һۣȴаæģ˾Ʒֻ˾֣һλİŮ
ŮĿ⾪ּУúãȻ
ʮֻصļ仹ѹʶδȡѹԼʮΪɼ䣬ҲֻܿϳǰŮӦ˾ξһλá
ҲڴˣܲµԷԷȴǲ̫֪Լġ
ֻǵǸֻļʱĪͺת˲ܱڴ䣬컵ζ
Īͷü
ʶס˶ԷȴΪԼʶķӦ΢еȡ
ɿԷ֣Ǻˡ
ŮһϳּãȻʧ飬ֹסط
ѴŲ
ǰСŮĪУǷκ˽Լȥ˭
ֻȷϵ
֮ģʼ
ԼһƬã󣬱½١
ԼʮֻأΪ˲˾ֻÿһʮ
ƺʲôҪĶδüֻؼС
˹أ˱Ų͵ٴȡĳ˯֮С
ӳõʮǿӲӭ˾Ҷʻ
ֱȥ
ȴ֪˾εŮýձչأ͡
õ֪֮ʱľġ
ԾȣĲ
úһ
ҺòģٹЩˡ
̾
ʵ΢ЩϧһǳںԼﵽⶼʦ׹ǺģΪõһ׷Ѱȴеꡣ
˵֡ʦȻ˭
ȴĲɡ
ͨͯûþͻˣװŴŴΪɫСԴͷ˵ǶţأŲ˾Ͳء
Ըо棬תͬ̾ͷʦµģ
δ˵꣬ȴǰĻõӰ
˰ΣҡҡͷЦ
һһ˵øɴ࣬ôô˾ûӰأ

ǰ򴽰Σۿֺˡ
ԷϲǸȻ飬Ϥᡣ
á
һҲȫȻǧٱϤӡ
ǸΪִ֮ǧķǰ¸ߵغϣջ۳
šһŨصı
Է߽һЩ޼ϸͷ󣬶˶٣ջ֡
Բ𣬡ֽһΡ
졣
Էȴŵһ㣬һҲˡ
ʧʱûأ
·ڸңңֻأش
΢ſȴٿһڵȴȴǵ΢
ò߽
ʱ̧ͷؿϵÿһٺÿһɫ
ֳһЦ
ֻ߹һһ⣬ǰ䵭һֳϤЦ⣬һ
ó˳ӣȴִزǰǶûͷûβһ䣺㵱Ϊʲôһ˼ֻҪɣ
ʵ˼һԼ
Է¶һɫȴתΪʲôÿһΪΣ
ƲƲ죬еίίɫ˼ɵر¶Է
ֲ֪ԭҲǸɡ
ƹ̾һڽӵ뻳С
ʶرס
Ķ
Ϊֻɡ
΢ɵķǵĵ͵ԶЩת˲ɢС
ĮӵһУ¶һ͵Ц
лҪ˵
úܵĹµͽлĶСɰл飡
ǣ~
-
Ⱥмα󱬺ˡУȤĶСʹղѽ~OWOİ
ǳС˵ﱻӲԵڻŮ䣬վ飬ԵҪ׷ԭۣΪŮĸ
󶨵ŮϵͳҪʧȥģ壬ȥԭŮ˰ɣ
ǳһʺţ
⻷ˣԣɵ
ǳ𼱣У
*
Ŀһǳ˵Ŀ⡣
ϵͳpuaԭŮˡ
ǳ̬ǣ絶ԭˣ˵ùһӡ
ԭڴԭŮΪ
ǳõģʹԭŮһ㡣
ԭƲֺ
ǳллԱŮУǲ
ܻԭʼˮĨڣĿ
ǳһˮʹСƢദ
ĿŮαǳάλ˧Χת
ǳΪļαŶˮͷǮ裿
һߺҪɰһ˳̵Ŀԭʬ
ĿͯԺĿ֮ʣˮҥѧʱˣ
˷ԭǳǸԺˣСǶ
ĵĿڼͬͬһԢͣ
ת۵ϽĿΪǳcallʵǳ׸磬п

ԹѻȻ˵ĵģԭп
Թѣˬսʵ
ԭԴδֲãԼű¶˺ĹĻһ
ǳҪõļαǣң˵ǳǵĹˡ
ȺȺУͿɰŮǳȫɳΪ۵Ӯҡ
*
ôѹݡǰΡ˧֮ҡһǰΣ
ǳģȷٿ
֮ǲԻͷݵĿţ
ǰθʲôģʲôϵ
۵Լ𲽽εļ䡭
ǳԲ㡣
ʲô˭񣿣
ָϣ1.ԭŮԭ2.3.֮ԺʿxƯԴСŮ


85 
һɽгϢˡ壩
, ڷ˽͵˵ĸɽȴɽ롣
ģֻɽССһɽţλ
һ׮˲õĴ¡
һλڼǰ, ŴȻ, һλЩ˼, ˹һɣڶλЩ, Ÿ͵õˣΪмǸɽĵ, Ѧ塣
λֵΧ˸ʵ, 棬۷׷ס
, ֻλžȻǸ׵Сģ
С, ޹壬꣬ȴͬɽԵ, ξн, ·˽磬˽յ컯
ѦҲɶϲ̵ؿδ⡣Ҫ˵⻹ͬһֵĸɽء
һ컹гϢ, ΢Щ⡣
תһ, һĸɽ, ȺλϹŵ, ɲմ, 
ţͿһס
Ҳˡ
һԵͬ, ڣѦЩ㱡
룬λСŮ׽ʣɽ磬Щ߰䵭ҲӲ
ӻõɿ˿ڣ٩ãǲ㿪ĺŰ
˻ȥ
ҵͲԼܸ˿ء˼ƾģȥȥҥ˼С
ʹüҲǿɰģҲ˵ףǶ˱㶺ӴӴװá
ԭҲʧЦҡҡͷҪ죬ȴԶԶһӰ
˲һ˲Ц⣬üëϵģǱǺ֪λ죬Щίɡ
߽ˣһűƵƲɫ
ʶ
ȴϲӭȥסɵĸ첲Ц
󻹸˸ӣŽͬżüۡ
λӼ״ȴס˶̲ס̾Ϣ
ѱʦһʲô飿кµǣѱʦһʲô飿
̾ϢһҲʻ֮ǰյıӣ΢üۣм
ôԹԵ¡
ɷ·𿴲һ˶̼ģֲ´ʣԾͳ¡ǲܶʦű˰ҿƹÿǧ˳ö˶һλǰԭҲûмӵģ˸̾
űȴЦһǣǺżϵˡýš
µһྵྵˡɫûûεģƺͬıϲȫȻͨ
µ˾֡
ҧҧԹߡ
ϲ˭ǲҪɵġǡ
һαͬʦദε۾ұ㲻ٸˡҲóԸ֮ǰ
Ը˴һܡ
ҵ˭أֻҵ˾֡
Ҳͬ˾ִܡ
̫ˣһˡ
ҵ仪ʦ̹Ľضʵʽ
һ
Ȼֱ˵ЧôϵǷҲˣ
Ҿѧãһֱ
Сֱܸ㶨µһѸʦҮѲɻ㲻һ˾֣
ҵ֣һ
˾֣ϲ㡣
˾ȴ˾Ƶģ˼
ڲ
УѵҺܿ£
˵ôϲҰΪʲôϲң
˵֪ʲôϲϲ鷳¶
ʵû塣
˵ϲ˭ǲҪɵġ
ȴҡҡͷ˵תͷҲƵ뿪ˣϡ
벻סͦϲҴһ
֪ȿʼең˵ģˡ
ҲŻѽ
ںֵʧˡ
ôҪʧάƽ
ġŮС
Ůȴ˸ա
һ֪ƹ½ȥˡ
ſڻͬ˸յ˾ɾ˾֡
˾Ǹ죬Ÿ첲ͬĴ˵ϵ£ҲûСÿÿԼҪȥ˽ſģȫȫࡣ
˵ˣһԵø첲ײײ
˾ԭĪ
˳ǵ۹⣬ŷ֣ŮʧǵģŲǺܺá
ŮΪį
һֱǰû
ܰһ𣿡
ɫЩΪѡ
Ǹͷһŵĸɣ̫ɵˡǶι£ͽģҪξҪҵ
һ׼ֵǲ˾֣
ɽ˭֪ͷһŵ¶飬һⷲλ¸ߵ˵񾹻˸ˡһǲֱӿˣ
Ůȴ֮ǰһȥҿĶˡ
üֹס˽Ҫ뿪Ĳ
ԷҪһûΡ
ƺӦ߹ŮۿۣҪʲô궼ԣǶĶƾ
룬ȴ
ҼǵʢһֺòϣʲôšƺڻţǽŰɣ
ŮЩûӦ
Ǹ򽻵ɲĶϤúܣһ֪Ǹʲô
ǰɣáֵǮˣȥɽӷ¶㻹רҪ
ѽŮҲعѰ㲻ع˼ңʲôͬҪǡ
ȴ֣µҡҡͷ
ҾҪǸŮһõġƴı㹻ˡ
ֹɫ˼ƹĽϻ׹ҵøһ
塢׹
ôŮǶԼҪģϲ̵˿̵յĥš
˾ְԹʯô
ǰȥ
ȥĥģʲôܴʲôʡ¶ˡŪʲôʱȥ
ͷҲֻ̧ҡͷ
СһȥĥܽȫŽȥ
˾ֻ˵
ֵһ߶ȥ𷳡
ҡͷɻǲ
ȫȻûԼҲɡ
˾ֱҭһҭԾ̲סϸŷӡ
ôһķ˾ѱˡ÷˺ð½統һ£
ȴ̧ͷ濴˼
Ҳǲ԰ýƹҡ˵۾֮ǰ˵õһԵûеõԲãһ͵ˡ
ϵĵ񹤶ˣ¶һϲЦ˾ֵļͷ
治˵

˾֣ͣãС
̯鷳Ļˡ
ǰûɿˣְĿڱ׵񡣡
˾Ѫ
ûСͷ룬Ļһصǰ
˾ֻԹؽݲ¡
˾֣ǺǣǴԩ֡
ҵ
ԴԺԭֻƹֻ̨ܷҵ񡪡
Ҫ½
һλģ˾ֵ㡣
ԾǸɢģһͷҫ۵ĺë˵ԵЩ
˾̾
һΪġ
˵ʲôţ
ϲ鷳¶ˣû֮һ
ȴͻȻǺþûҹԼˡ
ƽĶۣȷʵģദˣλ־µĸֻλĽƶ̳һ׷ˣնǺ޲øԷժժᣬһ¶ס
òϣǵȷǸЩˡ
װԼϸԵÿɰ
ôԼأ˵ϲҲ˵˵µ˰
˼Ǹˡ
û˵˾־ҲԹԳС˼Լδ
ֱ̾һء
ԷƾŽ飬ӦһôˣʲôҪǽѵ𣿱ֱ˵
㿴һۣһۣһۡ
˾Щë
ſڵ
װɣҺ½ɢɢġ
˾֡һ֡һ
԰Ҳ֪벻ˣֱȥһˮҸϴȥɰϴϴӿ⿪⡪ҲǽȥðæȻˡ
ʹüۣ
˾ַӦ£
ǰɡǲ㻹ûİ
ڻһġš
˾ҭ
ιѡ
ϲλɰⱲӶûͷһˡ
ߡӵĶס
ȷʵû
ԭԪ޾̸Ҳǲġ
죬̫ܡ
ӣver.
ңξ?_>.
÷ѣҳԼʮҡ
ͰӸ˭ŭA_@#
۸Լɡ
ͷװλɵĽᣬżƵ죬ﻹҪפʹ۹⾰㡣
ʱʱָڲĳ˹ֻޣ
Ż
Ҫʲôһﶵ
У´벻ҪҾͶ
ºTAT
ҾҪ¸ڡ
¸ڣû
ãóһ۾ӣֿס
̸ingûcue
ˡڡ
úȷʵæ̸
ʹڷûм䣬ԾɻԼơƯûǡ
˾һʱȥ̽˵Σ½ͬƹ˼ѵһ
ǵģջġ
ȫȻΪ
һλĸ·ʮŸɹһ׮£м׳ӶһССĶȤζ
СģϾͬӵɢɺȥ̽Ӷ¶·һ׮Ҫ£⽫ѶϢģޡ
˶۷׷û֮ʱʼٸ˾ȴ⼫ˡ
˲ɵĵ˲ɽӣҲ˲ʵɵļա
ǿ϶벻ɣ²ʵǶԵġ
ڷ˽ֻʮƹһһһһ·˵ĺӡ
˾¿ţǴڹɽڣɹ˻һһ⣬Ԫƻᡣ
û뵽ԼǵȤζȫȻǶһԼͷ
֪మһͬͻ£ȼѽڣٿȻˡ
һһĪ뷨
֪ԼûлҲ·һأ
ҪԼҸĻҪ
Լͷɥ
ˣԼ˾Ѳ
лҪ˵
ԤաΪղ~030
רһXǰкճС
SCȻ
Ҹýǵһˡ
棬ֻ¶һ˫Цӱ۲
ȴ֪ǧҸֲ޶ۡݶ֣ΪԼװıɫ
ãӦ˵̤֮ż
ֻϧ⣬˸Ȣ
ⲻ֪ǡǡ⡣
*
ֻϧһպϵͻϣλĽСү
Ĺ˽Сү۷˻һϴգƫƫѰɣԶ֮
ꡰžغȣЦζ
Ȥ
࣬һֽگͽҸ˶ӷˡ
*
Υʥ˵λı˷мֵġ
ǰҹǰü۸Լӡ
̵ϲѾ߽Կȴ˸
*
ˣ˷ˣȨƣһڹĴˡ
ƫƫӢ飬ȢҼҵĽˣ˶
»ҹͷµ¼ﶥǽ壬ȴ޶ã΢ָӡ
ָϸȴߵӣһûմεġӡȴ⣬ڡ
СŶ˷²ż汸һƣΪȢԭǻò
ԭĸ壬ƱҪ»ɾҽȴһ˵ƿڡ
Ŷ˷²ż汸Ƿϴˡ
*
¼붨ӷˣҲҪȡ֡
ƫƫͷţΪ
һ¡
Ϊ׮£ϲأΪѡıֻΪԾͷǡ
֮պյһգ²÷谮Ҳڱ˿ᡣ
̴ž죬ȴ
ôҿ֦ɢҶ˾ְȸҰѷԲˡ
ۣûüӦԼȻηԵĿֻʶƫͷһ䣺Ҳɣ
괹ȥ۵׷ӿ⣬Ц
ţ㲻ɡ


86 
Ź¸ӵŮǰӡ
һ׮²ûж֪
˾Ҳǲ֪ġ
ʹͬЩ, õĺѣͬȫȻġ
ȿʼЩķ˹£һ, ˾ѵڼλǰһ̾, ÿһ, ǷҲá
õʱãȻˡ
һ¶, ûü£˫ˮ۾ˮ, ڵɶû, ʲô
˾Σ
ÿض˳ô÷ϵ, ˵ȥ
ÿڿ, ӦֲǸԼġǰ
һԵǱס졣
ԭŮʵǻ飬ӣҲΪ˶˵İ¶ᡣ
±㲻ܡ
˾ֵʱǺü, ƺͨ˶, ȴȻ˷ࡣ
ҡҡͷⲻԾǸͬǵùʦһ
ײ˷Ĵ滯, λеСȴҪ
Ƕʱ, æڱڷ˽, ׷ƹתһֵ, ˾ֱҪԵСʰ̯, ȥ̽ýһ
ࡣ
˾ŷ֣ԭʵǸС, ֻǸλʦѧ˼ӵĹҲһѧ˵þ˱⸱ʵů˵һˡ
ûΣʵмֹͨ͸
ʱһ߾ͬദʮ죬һȴֲ뽫Լ鰮֮С
ɵԷֱͬԼʱȴ
ĶӣΪ֮ʵʵΪٲܣҪԼıˡ
ͺˡ
ȴҲûҹ
˾úܡ
֪ʲôʱǼλ֮䣬ôһǳ¶ͺϼ̳ķ
ž̳ŵĴ࣬ͨƹÿһתú̬˳½ȥƹˣֵȡ
ͨ˾ֺȡ˾ֺֻ࣬ǣȾܵҵӿǡ
һȴúȡ
ǡҹ䣬Ө׵¹£ȴ¶ȡ
һھƣһ䡣

ĬĬֻһԱž̳ӣôˣ
ǰһۣûʲô
Ϊ
ô̬жͬǸ˾ԽԽˡش˴ʵΪ˭Ϊ˾֣
ƵزȨĬϡ
üոƣһЩֵദͦѽôͻȻôġ
Ƕ˶٣ɫЩãȻǱγĺ졣
ͬˡ˵Ȼ˾ˡ
þۡ
ȥͬ˾ֱҲˣ˾־Ȼʱ·ˣ
һʱò֪˵ʲôá
㿴ͬҲʱǶ˵䣻˵ʦ䡣ǻ˵ţͣ˸öּҿŰ㣬˾֣ǵĳ䡣
šüǰô˵ҵûʲô÷ģôҪҡ
粵һ˲ǽƻ˳ǵĻҪ˵˾ȷʵûûεġ㰡ȴǸһƬģ׵¹⡪¹⣬ȴ治ĳġ
Ǳѵ÷Էθһ˵㶡
㶱ʱü۾͸¶
Ҫ˵ҾӦأ
ôʱ˾ɷⲻݣҲ͵Ҫ˵˲Уͻ档
˾ֵĴ
ȴüۡ
һϲһ˭˵ôء
ֻҲ᲻ͷȥ˾ˡ
ɡ
ɵӹ⣬µžҲôǿء
ֻͻȻһ׮£ƹȥֻ̨˾֡
Ҫˣ˲һ˲Ҳȥˡ
ý졣
˾һ֪˭Ķ鲻Ը̽һԴڿǺȴٿȻ۾
ֻɫúܣ·ֻص̫ͬЩӡ
˾Ƭ̻ûͬԷ
֮ǰ˵˵ģ½¶û׼
õĻ˻
˾ֿ˵㻰𡣡
õͷ絷⣬ûɫôѵֵ𣿡
һƴڻڽһۿŵǶʧЦ
˾־;ԼҲûôˡ
鰲׵ѸһͼԾԭ΢ĳһƺڷ
룬ǰͬԷ
þò
㶣ûм򴽳ЦЦ
ǰþò
εĳ֮С
˾ĪЩݽеҪЩͬǰ˵ֻҪٲ˵˾Ҫ뿪ˣȻֲ
ʵͦĽż½һġʵЩţȴɣңôෲ˵£ȴûиܹ
ǵûм뿪˳Ļ𣺡ǰҲûȥƹǴĻ￴ġ
˾ֻգգۡ
µķΧãЩٶ˺Щӵĸҷ·Ҫɢˡ
ڵ
ѰᣬҲ½һ
ʵк仰ļʹշתȴһʱҲʵԽ֮֯ˡ
ǽӿڵ
ȥʵͼĲ£ý˶ͬҽϸˡ
˾ֱ㶡
ڨЦˡ
ʵ
Ҫͬһȥƹͬһһ
ˡǵ˵ͷѾͬ˱תȥˡ
˾Щյͷ
һμѰ
Ǿ䱻ֱ˵֮ڿڵĻͺƴûз
Լһ½
Ǵʲôʱ𣬴ССɶӲ·һ硣
Ҳ֪Ǵӷһʲǫֻ֮̂Ǳ˹۹ʤء
˾׺ֹջôͻȻҲ½ˣ
ƺǿһֵۣƿĿ⣬뽫һЩͨȥɢɢġ
˾ֲٶʡ
ֻصһ̣ȴַɿĳԭ׺˵ӣˢˢ˼ʣšüԵһȫ˲棬չüۡ
Щȫ˾Сʱȶ¶ġ
ɵСֳͯ˰ΪʱЩǺصʱڡ
˿˾ֶǿЦ񣬾ƹﶼ˵ĳЦ
ΨСͯͺͺ˺۾˾ľ̳ӣȣ½
أ
㶼һЦ
ͺͺ¶ˣһܣľصҺþûǽˡ˾壬㵽û׷ǽ㰡
ͺͺïܵͷ
֪˾ֵķ˼ۣ⸱ɫ׷ûа
ͺͺɵúܣԾȥơ
˰ΣûУ
༸˽ЦˣΨ˾ɫʹࡣ
ž̳䡣
Ƿˮת
ڻֵ˵һȭȭ⡣
˭֪ԭӵĹﲻ֪Ķѧְһۣڲ˵ϲң
ˡ
лҪ˵
˾̫ˣԷʱڲܵóԸɲbeҵ~
