
ߣСٱ
ӰһﱻָԭŮ
ŮȻͬԭŮɹۣ˽ȴܻ洫ľƣԽԽģԸĹϹݡ
ӰؽָǿϮڱڱ·һȥ
һСģָˣܱһܶһϵͳ̳
һ廨⣡
һֻĸ
ӱ̣ŮӶʲϵδɷžžŮˣŮҽУ
İ÷ѩΪռȻӰĽָ͹󣬾ܰӰڽŵף۷壬ԽԽ
ɽָû죬ͻȻĪʧ
ﲻãӰȴһӵİ¹⡣
ѪǣӰϱӼ޵ĻðٱǧӶ߲ʵδɷ
÷ѩ׻ˣﲻԣ
PSԭ
̲ܰÿ춼ڱĺóʢŮVSɧ޿ħ
ݱǩ ˬ 
ؼ֣ǣӰǣ÷ѩٲ˫࣬HE
һ仰飺ڻҵԭŮҪϮ
⣺һָţһջ
ƷִװʦӰһﱻڻұԭŮŮȻԭŮĽָͬͬձڻҵԭŮΪ˱ͬԭŮƵƵ޼ұеҾءӰϷرָ澳ǿϮڱŮ䣬һСĻŮӸʲϵľɷ۷塣
棬ıʼѣ辶㾦ԱڻҵԭŮŮָΪ㣬ʤŮ澳пԼϮŮ䣬ڴ͸ˬ㣬졣


1 
ӰӰôˣ
Ѱˣĺú£
һŮ˴Ŀǻ̿ŵϻ赹ˡ
ӰһûͷѪ΢촽ף֪
Ů˹ĵٿˣ˶һݣ䶢ŵϵˣ˸ͣ
һ룬Ůָֻ˸ո޴顣
ôôѪô죿Ӱס㲻°ȥˣҽҲµġŮ˵ŹĵĻȴȻ෴ûȥҽ
ŵţ˷εĶ⡣
˵ĥʱ۾͸๷һ㣬ת̰ؽˣӰ췭Сľơ
Сľúߴţ棬һɫһɫ߶һС㡣
÷ѩ۾һȣɿ쳯Сľ֡
סСľƣݺһקֱӰѹСľƵĺקɢקˡ
ҲӰôһקճĺۣϲСľơ
ˣ
һ뵽ԼѪСľƺ󣬺Сľߴصĸ¶ܹʣʣԽԽ÷ѩԽȼЦǼҪֵȥ
Ϊ˱ҹζ࣬÷ѩе׼õ룬һָ⣬ѪһðɿͿСľơ
ֻСľϵѪû׹һƾʧ
÷ѩæߣ䣬Ȼֱϳһɫԭûеġ
ԼǵӰǰɫ
̽ʳָָ쵽죬ָӲǼһθ¶Ȼ٣Чһ÷ѩȴҲЩ
һθ¶ɻһƣ˲һ
ɨգ嶼ӯࡣ
Ч죬Ȼ棡źһζѡ÷ѩаϲ
ѾЩȲȥϴˡ
÷ѩϲȵڿϵĵˣ˲ȴʮ
÷ѩӰĻԵ˿ΪȻҲûопǷĵط
ģ籾ǿʳӰԼ޴ûãס
οӰöҲ˷ˣֻϣܷļֵ
ҪǣⶼӰϱǷģ
ȶԲһжõõģ
ϱʶ磬ҶңĬǽδޡ
Ϊ˽磬֪ࡣ
˭֪ҪŮˣȻͽĸ飬ᵶᰮ
ôŬؽ磬ҲԻһ㣬ȢŮˡ
Խĸá
ŮȴһֱռŽҵλãɽ紴ĲƸ
εºܣ
÷ѩͷףΪʲôῴһȲĴá
һֱýӰ󣬹òҸӰҲ䲻Ͻ磬ֻǽͽһĴֻ˶̹
÷ѩ֪ܣŻȻԭӰȫǿŮ⻷
ѹϲĽ磬ȲӰ
ѹӰĴСľĴԵ
δҲ̫ƽˣ
ƾʲôӰУûУ
ƾӰŮǶŮ䣿
÷ѩЦⱲĻԵӰһǴҪôԻ󽯸硣
÷ѩҧгݶӰݣĶŨʵһ㣬ҪγͻȻһЦ˸⡣
ϼʯͷ£
ð亹Ӱգݺȥ
ɳ˹֣ôҺƤ磡
Ӱѹһۣ͵ؿǰŸӰӣ涼о쬵磬˸飬㺰ѸԱһ
ӰˣˡӰһ٣Ӱȥ˵ʱŵǻ
ӰһſܹǸƵĹƺԭʶˣһֻǲ֪Ĵһ˵졣
ӰҲûа΢СĶ£ǿװ򶨣ȴһ±ơ
ǴԽˣ
ǴĶôһ䶼ûУ
Ӱôģǹ￴Ӱ˺ΪЦ϶ˮЦݣֻǿ첻ӦģһֻӰǰһӣ·Դײɵһ㡣
ͷ۰Ӱ¶ʷʲôˣֻǼԼŶԷػ
Ȼһ룬Զ˵ˣһ߷һ̬ǱԹܲԴײǽˣôһѪˣӰҲǵģƽ·ôôСģײȥˣҺû£࣬ȥ
ӰŹĽͰŰɣĿǰԭϵӦûͦõģϧԭû£Ѿˡ
ӰһֱԷţһֻʶ۵Ĳ˭֪һ˵ĺߡ
ƺǸնϵģӦõʲô
ɫѺŵɻˡ
żǰһһƳͿķſʯͷɲǼӰĪë
ֻ뵽˸ովķλҲⷽλ˵졣
ʱ쬵ķ磬磬ǳϻȥƿյķ磡
ſʯͷ
ݣ
ʲôʲôԹ
ϸ˼ֵǣԭԴײ˵飬ֻǸ
Ӱȥǹó¶һеЦݡ
ѽ϶ˣҸ
Ӱ˲һƤˣһԷʱȫѪҺ񶼱ˣ͸оһֻ˿˿ϣһ˻˻ӡ
ӰӲӣ߳ưܵ
˸ߵС·ߣӭһɫװߴˣг
ͬ־Ҫȥ˾ʱע⵽ͷѪӰ΢ɼü׳ŵأͣгѯʡ
÷ѩɲǼ䣬ͫ׷Ŵ󣬾ֵĶǰͦΣӲյˡ
һӾϳǾպ׳ҵĶӳ
ȻʶԷϱȼۣԳӡʮֵ̡
ȣӸλھԺ˵һָĴô
ԼҲǸݽɫڲְ׿۹ѫᣬְλȴһ㲻С
ŽټλʱλѾƾԼʵְ׳
÷ѩԶλ׳һװǿһּҶ˵߲ʵη
˶Ľǿ÷ѩҲ⡣
Һݺݳ鶯ú󣬳¼һ£¸ᱻ·ţֻҪͬλ׳ѡԺ¼Һλ׳϶ᱡ
ֻҪȶȥ¸ְָλ׳ǻ῿Լ汾湦ѫʵʵΪ׳ʱʵ׳ˡ
÷ѩĸĶҪǻڣԽٲҲвٸ飬ʱλ׳ʱλȵ׷֡
붯Ҫô꣬ôഺɣ
ο˵λ׳ڳ¼ҳºȥƫƧı߽֧Ԯ
÷ѩ˼շת䣬ӰĿҲĳ׳ϣ˿Ⱦܾλͬ־ǲʶ㣬ˡ


2 
ҪرҪлл㣡Ӱع÷ѩĻ
ɶ䶼ûУɲһʱҧĶߴһ⻹Ǹžװı磬˭ףһ֪
Ӱæ˺ϡ
÷ѩһ㵡
÷ѩǰͻȻһ
ǽ磡ˣ÷ѩϳ˾ϲЦݣŮƳӰҲȥЦ΢΢һ٣Ӱˣ㻹϶֪Ҳˣһܵġ
˿ĵط÷ѩ˿ͣʾˡ
Ӱ϶֪˼ô磬Ÿܲһ㣬Թ
ȻӰŶԷİţһ±ƣʲô᣿
˵СƬ̣ƺ硯Ѿǰ
÷ѩŮӴϵģʲô֪˵ģٲһĵ
磬Ҵˣ»˼ҲˣĹΡ÷ѩҾǺӰ˵Ը顣
ٲһӰȻӰ⣬÷ѩģʱŭĿӣӰԼܱܲ÷ѩΪҲ֪ġ˼
û˵꣬ͿǰʮǱһͷϴѪüĪֱĳ
ٲʱ·һ£ٿѸƿ۾ԼֻıװֻĻҲ˵ˣӢİʣλͬ־ǣ
սסȲˣ˵ĺأȥԱ˵ĶԹûȤ
Ӱлл㣬Ҫʲô鷳ԹңӰƢ
˵㣬ֻСƢûж⣬˵ȫҥԣҪвԵĵطϣൣ÷ѩ˶֣ʮֲģæġ
ţӦг뿪ˡ
ôˣٲǰʻ뿪ʵ
÷ѩüųҲ֪ԷյϢûС
عв׽ٲһɲӿͷˣ羹Ȼ
˼ӰãȻλ׳ó׳ȥ
ָ⣬۵ʼɣЦŸٲͣЦȻЩ۵ˣͲôϡ
ڳϵӰŸոգһ磬һ÷ѩ÷ѩӰֺܾĪϤ
ͬ־ĶǰͷĽ˶ߴһﳵһʵӰӦüͷ΢˺üͬ־
Ӱعңͷۣ벻
ͷеۣһһۡ
ŤͷۣɫãȻģü˼ע⵽ƣѵôȥ
Ӱ£ûȫ棬ƺûԷĻѽ
Ȼ˵꣬гƺվŢĴӣָݽȥ
һŵæק˵½ǣòס
áһɹȥ˹ǰײֱײ˿ʵıͷϵ˿ڣ۵ǽһ죬ʡ
ʹĴ̼£Ӱʯ䣬ˣǼΪʲôôϤ
ⲻտһ
𾪵ķ֣ԭԽˣˣ
ľȻ
һŰģŰŮ
Ӱ˲һƥڶҺֻһ˶ˡ
ͬ־㻹ã˴ԼǿӰҪ޲޵ı飬òѯʵ
ҡû¡Ӱ̧һ˫ɵĲɫԷԷ񾭲Ĩһߵ
ǰź˴ѪȻӰĲԾû˵ʲô·гһ·Ӱȥ
Ӱû׷ʣһͬʱ˼
ⱾĽСʮⱾһ̬ǱŰġ
ӰŰģû취ĻģڼеģŮֺֺ񣬻ͦȤġ
ټⱾ׷޻᳡ţôıˣտʼһıʺڻΪԵ顣
ͺˣľ޿ӣ
ٲǾ֪࣬ŮӰ¹Ůһ飬û󣬾ͷŮ֣չҵĵ׷Ϊ
ʵҲŮһ͵ģֻǾ˲һѹס⶯ĮŮûʧġ
Ȼ첻ˣദУϲŮԥҪҪܡ
ʱ·ɱ÷ãҲŮ䰲÷ѩͽٲңԸݵΪĽٲҲܵµ֪ˡ
Ů䰲÷ѩһ֪ŮĴں󣬾Ϳҩ˵Ů׷ḡ۶̰࣬ͼļĸԲͬģͽ͵Ů᧿ΣԵ֡
Ůܿͷ֣̬΢ֿʼˣһİߵý
İ첲ӦŮ˵δޣٲϣŮ䰲÷ѩŵŮŮʱ

ŮҪʱû뵽ҳˡ
Ů䰲÷ѩͻȻ΢Ĳתˣ
û죬ͲǶĬĬػسˣһʼţ÷ó£д˺üŻȥʯ󺣡
ʱﻹʲô׵ģܴ
Ů±ۣʱʱӼðο벻ȹѹأ˱ǲģɩǸԹصֲŮ˼
գڸж֮£ȢŮ
ȴҸĿˣǿѵĿʼ
ƽŮ̬΢ˣܵºҿ˵뿪ȫΪдűȥʵ᲻ãΪѣûа취ʮȲѡ
տʼ̬䵭ǾˣŮ䲻ͣ˵Сʱʱѡţ̬һ
ŮʱͣŮ鷳װԺɩݺֶλٳЦŮӣºӣ򺦵ŮǰŮŰ
ŮһʼŮ䵱СӰݶԴ뵽˵
Ů߿࣬һʼŰɣϧŮ߻װǰÿÿװˣÿÿίʾŮ˹ϵʮֲ⡣
ˣŮÿι˳ܺ󣬴δװ˳ʾΪǲܣѡ뿪
Ů⡮΢ʾİ취ɱŮֱӸ״ãⲻԽŮͱˡխ
ö֮ʱʱŮ䱩һԲϾսֱ֪ԼĴ
ÿζŮ΢ϴ߸ʩһԭŮӰ
ﻰ˵Ů䵱ãɩӵģСǼŮ˿Ρ
һ˵Ůãȴ֪Ů仹и£ȴ˿˼Ů
ܾŮӽ
Ů侭ҫְŮһΡ
죬֮£֪˹ŮĹŮΡ
ӰΪϹǿŮĿ֪ŮĺãϧŮĸҪԶŮˡ
Ůʹһ׸Լ˵ԼЩôô׺ԻΪˡ
ֻŮΪʲôҪô
Ȼʹĺǳѡԭ¡
ĥʮΣٺŮ̸ģ˵ԺãȻûȻˣ
ô߸¡
ӰѾ̲סҪֿˡ
˭ŮôŮŮϲˣ
ܿ죬߿ϴѧŮسǣˡ
˾ͿŮ
οŮֺһӣĨŮḡֶȲѸ£ż˾͸Ůˡ
ˣŮس֮ǰŮһֱװ˺áϱźĸãͼŮȵ
Ȼ
ŮЩġ£ûһϲŮ
ŮͷΣ׵ĮӣĴĥõá
̵ǣԴŮ籦ģ̭Ů޲ŮŮλȡ֮ʱʱԼҹŮ
˾ǿŮĽͰæ˾Ӱ룬Ѻ͹飬Ĭϳһԣ˾ְԱŮ䵱ϰԴ
˸ֻŮ͸˳԰׷ģŮ˵ŴģŮȴĬϵϱ
ŮҶȮˣ
˶Ů̬Ȳ֪ȶŮ̬Ⱥ˼ټǧ̬ȫǰŮ˵׼ҡ
Ů䰲÷ѩ
Ҳ̬ȣΨһֱ
ÿοŮٺ󣬾Խ޶ŮϷƬܵгԼɧŮ
գŮĻ䣬Ҫ飬ɱҽԵȻأŮԽԽãҲŮ岻˺Ӷ̬ԽԽ
ĴڻҪ˭ԼԶŮ䣬ǿưŮȦԼߣҸֵ


3 
ŮϱŮ
Ű꣬ŮŰŮŰֱ꣬żŰ̶̵ƪдͷȫһŰŮƪûС
˵ʲô׷޻᳡ˡ
Ӱֻ˹ˡ
ŵǣŮ˶ŮĻ¾Ȼûյ˿ͷ
ȻдԶŮ䣬Ҳȫҵ˵ͬŮ䲻ܡ
δ׶ϾŮ룬ԭŮİŮӹ˾ߣɱ˷ֹ
边ȻһɧŮ䵱Ů϶Ůɩӣ׵ҲŮ⡣
һֱĽȫҾȻûһŮת̬ȣΪŮû̬ԽӣŮ¾ȻҲûһ㱨Ӧ
Ůµ̬ԼִŻ˶Ů֧֣Ӱʮ֮˾žöԷôưոݡ
ľô׽ˡ
Ӱһɱ˵ĳ嶯
˵ʵûôҡֱȶŮ仹Ů
ȫ̼αŮݺŮû˿ӦȲ˵Է־Ȼ˾ɱĬϰȫŮ
ŮҲɱŴ
һֱͷΣ͹ʱҲ벻ŮһֱӼùŮ˳˴ݡ
ŮͬŮ˶ûʲô³Ҳմ˿⡣
һҳ˵Ůƽ󣬻մҹ⡣
ȫ˶ԶŮ䱦ҲƽϣŮ˾Ȼմ⡣
ʲôۣ
ֱûôôŮ
ʱģˣɾˡ
֪һԼһȻܴⱾ۲ŰұŰֱȶŮ³ҵŮϣ
ӰԼĬ
Ӱӵ˼ܿ챻˴ϣԭѾ
Ťͷ۶ԷסðѪĶͷѪ졣
Էٳ࣬Ů˶ڰƤʮϡ٣һۣʣҪȥ𣿡
һֻ֪ò׶ѡ
Ӱع̧ͷҪл˵ˣ˭֪һͿ̾װôһƬѪ
Ӱ
ǸǸ·Ūˡ
³˵֧֧ģŨü΢͸ˣûô鷳Ůͬ־
·ܲܽҴе䡣Ӱ£һת̽Ե˵Լ˸ޣڰա
ڵĬӰ﷢ţΪԼʲô治Ҫ
֪һôϡԼԷ·Ƕܵ£ֻж֮¡
֪ԼðۿԷĮˣ̧֧ڵϵľݵĴȣҪﳵ뿪
Ӱһæס䣬ڶԷûǰҧֻѡʵʵ˵·ȾѪŪˣҰϴ
ˡذ·۱ۼг̬Ȼƫ뵭ĮһȣгԶˡ
гԶȥķ򣬼ȻԷҲûа⵱һ£Ҳûˣת˼֮ǰ⣬Ϊʲôľȫ
Ӱɫ֪һжԾ
ܲԾ
Ӱˡ
֣ҽǸʮˣȻϣԼɼ
ʱţ°ˣֻǴɨҩģͱؼˣҪȥ֪Ӱôһ
鿴Ӱͷ˿ʱ˿ڻѪԴ˸ӣʱһô˵ôأЩСҲҪиȣԴǶôҪĲλһСûˣ
壬ҲǵôˤˡӰһ˵Ŀ֪϶ʶԭˣҲһģܽвԷ֣һ֪ˡ
֣ҽ룬пСһ㣬׷ڽ֪ƨɺ棬˰֪ǽǣǵ֪ȺŮ֪氲֪ͷ۸ˣҲһˡ
ٲעҲţȻӰСĲһǿģ໵ˣʱ⣬˵֮ġ
֣ҽ̾ȰŮŮҪ԰ᱻ˿ģ֪Ͱ֪δˡ
ûпӰȻ׷Ľ֪࿴ˣҲа
Ӱһ£ŮھȻδˣҲ̫ˡ
ͻȻиŮզؼҳԷпˣ
Ӱ֣ҽ֣ҽŮ֣ͻؼˣһ·֣ᰶûкӰ˵һ仰ý˶´Ⱦһ㡣
ſڣӰл˵鷳ʱ֣ȴһһмӣ֣ҽǳ⣬Ų鲻Ըˡ
Ӱʱģû֣ᰵ¹ô˵˼װǸβʱûҪǮɫֵ̫İΣؼˣû
ο֪΢֣ҽҷĺӣƷҲȥ˲˳ۣɼԭںһ⡣
Ů
ԣô
ӰʵʵѾ˸µĲ²⣬߰˷ֻ֣ԴˣתıȽһԽͷۣԽ̲ס룬Խ룬Դ͸һۡ
֨һžʹ߿ˣһʮһ̱̫̫һſվŵӰװͰˡ
ôˣ֪һΪѾͷſڶˡ̫̫û߶꣬Ӱ͵εˣεǰͫﵹӳ̫̫𾪾ŵݡ
Ӱ̧ʱƺڶϿ޺ֻһζδļԺϤİϾ˼ԭеļ䡣
ԭȻͨũͥȴǽųģСûɹ˹鵽һ¼︺أΪ£ԭɩûٱԹ
Ҫ֪ͷ±˼ɲˣ±ä鱾ݳޣοһŮѧŮͶ£Ǿ͸˼ˡ
ңԭȰ飬ѧУȫǻӣҵ֤Ӷ鰮ȫѼ˵ĸӦҲɩǵԹԵһ¡
ͿԿԭ棬ߣԵԸ
֮ԱԸȫԭĸĸ𷼡
ԸǿƣһţڹŻڵʱ򣬾ͽºüӣ˼Ĵ󹦳
˵ﲻŻʵĶͿɼ𷼵ĵλˡ
ĸӵʱȻ۰
ɵСŮʱĸѾǳ谮ԭˣ簮ˡ
Լ۰ˣҪʮһյϴԼǫԼã˵׳ĸСţӣû϶ǱǴ̥ӪԺҪչá
ںóԵĺĶҪȸãǶүܹˣûûܹү̵۰
һѱһ˵ĸ˺ɹģһĹѪϱʲô˶ˣЩܸɵĺӣкӣռ˱ˣ͵Ů۸ˡ
ѼֵܴС˻ÿħʵԭ׵ϰӰ£Խ۰ԭˡ


4 
Ȳ۳ĸֵ˵Ӫǻ೶
ɾΪΪĸڼĳߵλжԼӵ߶ֱһٵԭһͱܳ谮
ǣֻ˵ˣԽ׵õķԽϧԭƷвĳЩΪȴȻЩᣬ˱ȶԼ˺ãҲ϶˻˼
Լġۡ÷ѩϲ˽ٲͺܴ󷽣ʱʱ￪Сֺˡ
ʵϣǸ÷ѩǸٲģٲмӰĶּϰ÷ѩÿС÷ѩ
ԭǲ֪ȻȻ޹ǰοԼ÷ѩˣҪŬֺˡ
ǣԼˣûôˣҲʹСӣΪǱʶ֪˻޵߰
ǲ֪ɩǶвȫʲֻͨ׵͸ǻţѡ
￪СʱֻԼԺȣȫûܹ۰ͰͿŵֶֶŮǣϰ߳Զʳ
ҲΪͬɩǵָֻŲҲŲôϲֶֶŮǣҲɩǶֱǶѭ
⣬ɩһ㣬ԭ׷飬ǸģСӻҵӰԺԼŮ¡
ͬʱԭ͵ĵûԸϲʡ͵Ů䣬˵עǸˡ
˵÷ѩģŮһ֪÷ѩȴŮ˽͸͸ģŮŮ䰲÷ѩŴ⡣
Ӱԭ߰˷ֻɣԭļ䣬Ѿǿ϶÷ѩġ
ٲŮ䰲÷ѩһǰһġ
ȻԭŮ䰲÷ѩٲһģȻãԸȴƽ⣬֪
ڱ
ԭǶٲһ飬ﲻͬǣΪƯŮ䣬ЩԲλ࣬ñȲ϶ԷҲûе׷ˣֻ͵͵
ǰ÷ѩӽԭͷ⣬ǸŮ֪Ȧӣ˳޻˵Ĺۡ
ԭð÷ѩôã˼ҵĶ󣬾Ĺˣʹˡ
ǹ۰÷ѩһ߸һܣ˲ǶʤãֻǸٲһ鷳֮ûŮ顣
һ֧ԭѧϰʱŮԣ׷氮һﰵٲĶ
ԭɲϵˣʮأһģ׷ٲƨɺתơ
ǣڱԭΪǲڹǽˣڱֱ
Ǳ񣬰һĲȵϡã͸һŸŮ䰲÷ѩ˵Сԭ
ÿԭܴҪŮ䰲÷ѩ͸ʹ˵ٲʵе㱻ˣԭ
ԭɲͣǰߵ˿Ŵܲ¿ÿα棬²̨ܾ裬Ҳһֱûз
÷ѩһֱʱˣƭԭȥ˵Ҫժ洫Сľƿ
ԭȻȴϵĹִ¹Ů䰲÷ѩ˵컨׹ԭ˵ССľƲժǱģֻô
Ů䰲÷ѩЩܻôܷߺòҧĴ㡣
ŵطƫƧ򵨱ڴּ䣬ԭˣԭͷѪ֮ʣԭСľƣԭݡ
Ӱе龭ԽԽһ¡
ҺʱѹҲûŰ÷ѩôĲ֪
Ψһɻ󣬾Ůô֪Ůô˽
ܣŮӦҲǲ֪ģҪ֪ŮûиߣŮи޴ӵ֪ˡ
ͬʱ֪ǲԭߵӰ죬Ӱֹ԰÷ѩʮӦлҪʹޡ
֮⣬뵽⣬ͽٲ÷ѩ΢գڶ԰÷ѩѾûüֵ
÷ѩٲôƫִڱصãޣų켺Ը񣬱Ȼжд̲
ҲԴеģȻ÷ѩԭλˣҪñ׼
ӰڴϣŽ֩ƾɼªַڵ߷ʱŽȻεǰǸ׵̫̫
ӰûУӶļ̫̫Ƚź󻹸һƼݵСܲͷ
ӰҪ
ĸæʲô廹ţι㡣
áӰˡ
ǸϽȳȺȼ
ӰӺܶθģ˹ȱ˿ڵ룬Ҫƽطȣ̧ͷͿЦпĸ
ͻȻЩ˼ҲΪĸеѹĸ֪Ů˺ˣѾ˸оӡ
Ҫ֪ͷʿʮϡȱģĸµĵȥ绻ǮҲ²ɶõһݽ
ݳ޵³ԣǼһݣӰǶûС
ϰСÿСǼɩô⣬ѹּɩӱ÷ѩ˽һһ׼Ҫּҡ
ԷҪҪȼӰΪԼڣǿǰüۺ׵̫̫úУѿڶ
ϣӰТ˳ԹˣϽ԰ɡĸߴ
Ӱ˵
ͷҪȼͻȻһ˹ʿˮתͷͶϼСǿҿߡ
Ӱ
ŴǰĸݵƤǣƤƵСӣǾˡ
ţҲ̫˰ɣһȫضӪ
ҪҪӰǶļǺȲȡ
ȥȥȥһɶأǹöεˣǹõĶԣĲģλ̫̫һӰǰĴ飬װͰǼСܲͷ
СܲͷʱһɢȻ̫̫µĽ
һ뼦ô
Ӱ죬û˵ʲôϾԭԼͲˡ
ܿͷڡ
ԵȺʱĬˡ
ôôѳɤӵĶ
Ҫǣʲȥǰоȥˡ
զˣզˣ
ҳԱˡӰ¡
ɶųһء
ӰᣬֻһڶˣٶԲ¡
뵽ԭԵȫ⣬ܾ治
ĸӰ治ˣΪûθڣתѯӰԴףĸֱ˿̱װͰ͵̫̫·Ӱ˵֣̫̫һҪߣŴһ
ջûʳ׳Ӱ˵ûˡ
û֤£˵÷ѩһϵģܻᷴҧһڣ÷ѩֻװֻᱻûˮ۸˵οݾߡ
ǵø֣ҽҩѰ
УСӼҼҾͱˡ
ӰЩڼˣ͸Ԥϵһ÷ѩһǰŵ磬ҲûеǹˣȻڵõҪСľƺ󣬰Ӱ֮Ժˡ
ʱӰȥ֪÷ѩֻźͽٲεġ
գӰѧˡ
緹ǰ֪ǰˣ÷ѩܵ˺УҲܲ


5 
ҽ磿޸֪࿴Ӱ֪Ц
а֪ˣҪ㿴缸ôв֪๴
ȻǿӰ׳ûмɫȢǲܣһ浹ǿԡ
Ӱ֪ԼˣЩֻôߣȥҲûãΪԷ˶ڣټãҲû˻ûǲҪˡ
ҪĻҪСľƣ
УȤûаֺ֪أѹֽ翴ϡЩ֪
Ӱû̾˿
ִģо˴ѿܱ
Ϊԭ׷ٲƨɺ棬׷ʱ仹ϣ÷ѩǹġ
ڴʱ֪ſڣһȺŮ֪¹ǹһӵƤİ÷ѩ
÷ѩƤʵҲһ𪣬ɼܲסԱ߻ƻڷɫŮ֪ǳУǳеİ÷ѩƤ׵ķ⡣
÷ѩͿʲôƤ׳Ľ
ǰ̫ôɹƤɹˣô㻹ôףԽɹԽףһͿѩأҲƤѣЧûˡĽ
÷ѩЦҲûͿʲôǸ⣬ҴСôɹɹڣʵɫģһ
ĽƲƲ죬⻰ôô٣е㲻̹СǼڳô¡
Ҿ֪÷ѩһ飬лͿʲôʣ⻰һ˵͡
ѹֽ֪չ㣬Ǵ̽飬÷ѩءȤ
˶ʱһЦ

ͱЦˡ÷ѩȤɬֵ⡣
⼸˸¶òû仯Ƥ࣬ò֮ҲƯ˲٣ƺͣϵԽˣ˵֪ˡ
ⲻӦõ÷ѩƯᣬܻӭҪý֪ץˡӱЦ
ǰ˵һӰҪˣզô벻֪࣬Ҳ˭ǽǣⲻȡ𣿡иɺɺŮ֪಻
ߣҪ÷ѩأҪ˹۵ǽǣҲԼ𣿡Ц
ɲǣ£ҪʲôӱԼðͷֺЦ
Ҳô˵ӰˣǺѣҪǽ粻ϲѽøҲʧȥֻ꣬Ϊʲôûȫأ÷ѩ̾Ϣ
÷ѩɵ֪￴һԽˣ÷ѩӰôãôĹΡ
ǰ÷ѩΪ˾̫ˣ۸㣬ĺڵ˶ǣ㻹ǵñ˵űֺáӱæ
ӱ˵꣬˾ע⵽֪ԺӲԶվŵӰ
ޣո˵ʲôţ˲Ҫ޵СӱӰһڿˮ
Ǳ˵˻飬ܲס˶ڣԾվһˣһŭĿӰ
÷ѩл˵ӰûƵˡ
ʲô˼÷ѩ鷳Ͻɣ÷ѩˣٶ˼δӱ
ֻ۾鷳ˣѵ˵ӣҷҧͲˣҲԼվ÷ѩߣֱǸһҪ㶼ûϣһ
ͷײˡӰ俴ӱһۣ
㣬㡭˵ˣӱú׳ܲ˱òǺ죬ָӰָڶ¡
ĿɿڴȻû뵽һ챿Ӱôʱ
Ӱʵӱ֪ǸûͷԵģǰ÷ѩĹӣֻǱ÷ѩǹʹˣκ̫
Ҳɵ۳̣ӮҲûɾ͸Уߴˣû񣬿м²ؼİ÷ѩֱӵˣ÷ѩôң˵Ǿˣô֪Ǿˣ
÷ѩȻԶӰȴûҪӰ˺Ƥ
Ȼ÷ѩȻԸǱӰô˵ˣֻóͣϵһ߲˼͵ӰӱǸҲ̫Ϊ룬Żڲԣʵ˲ԭɡ
ûϵģ÷ѩ֪㲻ǹԱ߿ϰϷҲ֪㲻ǹָʹҵģҵȻԭһֻҧ̵͵ķ蹷ȻҧȥˣֲǹӰЦſ޵
Ӱ֣صģҲرѣո͵һۣվһ飬гŮˣְָߣѹ㰮ѡ
÷ѩɫˣû뵽Ӱô˵Ȼȴͷֱ˵ⲻⲻˡ
˵˭Ƿ蹷ų󣡡ӱӦ÷ȥҧˣһΣûдһ֣ôô
˭Ӧ˭ǿѽ÷ѩǿ쵥Ҹط˵ȻҼĸҪˡӰӱһ˺ӣĸҧֺأûǺٻ
ӱȥһӰĸӰʮ
ø治ֻܶݺݿӰıӰȥ
ӰĴ㣬÷ѩߣôֻܱˣڿˡ
Ӱʲô£
лϻȥģһ㡣Ӱչʾϵĺ˵
ŶллӰ÷ѩܵҪӹ
Ҵ򿪸㿴ɡӰһ㣬ڴ
÷ѩɿһۣͼӰҿһӣϡ
÷ѩЩݣȻˣԸ³һ㲻ʲôһĳӣ˶ŵûӿӣ̲ס
ӣӣ
Ϊӿ÷ѩ̫ôһӣгӶƷϡ
÷ѩˡӰ仰Ӿ˰÷ѩĿֻš
÷ѩֵزһ߸ߣϾʧק죬½ǣУ죬ĵ
£Ұ׽ӰЦο
Ű÷ѩֻţӰ氲÷ѩ;У׼ȷҵ˰÷ѩֱ۵СʹðѪҺͿ˸顣
ȻǵѪСľ洫ģҲѪأ㲻ǣѪҺܹ˰÷ѩѪҺأСľƵİء
ӰҲ֪пյİ취ûãҲֻҽˡ
ǣ
һ룬롭
ӹȥˡ
ٳٲСľƵȻϵܻʧܣӰǲɱʧˡ
Ϊ÷ѩļУ֪㲻ˣٲһͰѰ÷ѩһ㻤󣬰÷ѩҲһµز
ٲӰӰҾûô񶾵ŮˣĴҶģ÷ѩôãôôûģǱ۸ǸóŻ
ǲŮˣҾ㣬÷ѩҵδޣҪٶͱҲ㵱Ůˣ㲻ˣ


6 
ٲ⻰˵úأǵ˵ӣǰӰŵײȡ
ô˵ˣޣҪ۸÷ѩ˵׷ƨɺܣӱû𣬸ͳ
ɲǣ÷ѩδҲԼ񮡢ӡһһ侮ʯѰ÷ѩԮ
Χ۵˾͸Ϸһ㣬Žٲ˼Ӱ
ΪӰǰαĽ˼ҵˡ
˭֪Ӱûˣһ䣺񮡢󡣬ʲô񮡢󡻹磿
ӱɫ̡
Ӱ˼ҲǣǳȲңƤûҺãʼңҲ⣡
⻰ӱ˵˺ԲԼǿ
ɫһһɫʮѿٲͰ÷ѩ
ǰ÷ѩӰ춾ΪĿ࿴ܾЩ仯ϾϱӶԷİԸ
ʱ˻һڵͬ־˵ͦԵģǻûס
ӱ߷ɫǵͨ죬ٱﲻסһ仰ֻܻ뿪
갲÷ѩȣӰ̧ͷۿٲʵôĶˣ˸첲ȱˣ
÷ѩӰɫ࣬˲ö롣
ٲ뿪ڣȴӰϣΪ֪඼ѧˣһǸ߹ǣ
ӰὯˣ
ۿ÷ѩҪװˣӰ˵װװ̲˭᣿
ӦհŮ˲һԼȣۿʱͨҧίصԼ᲻óԣҼ
ǺðŴ̫׽ģ÷ѩҪԸ˵ͳɣҲⶫõŴҵĺô
˵꣬ȥһѵϵĲ
˵ӰʾģٲӲĳһʱԼղ˵Ļǲ̫ˣ
һҲӰôڡۡǽŵ֪Ҳѵ÷׷Ӱ˵ʾ÷ѩҪϲֱӾܾͳɣɶҪ˼ҵĺӣ˼ҵĺ⡣
÷ѩɫԽԽۼԽԽΧۣ÷ѩϽװͷۣ磬ҿӾͷëҹȥϢ𣿡
ӰװȽٲһסˣѽ÷ѩǲ˼Ҳ֪³ӣҪȻҿ϶ⶫ
û˵꣬ӰһˣռźĲȫ÷ѩ浹ȥ
ΰ÷ѩֱ۸иǿںһƬȫϣһֻǡɱĽһһĴУ÷ѩܴ̼̫󣬲ҽһ۰һȻֱ˹ȥ
÷ѩ÷ѩôˣû°ɣӰһ˭ó̵ĺݾԷб߼Լȣۿͨ޵ı˭ҡԭﻳɵĽٲһӱضӡ
Ҳã´ҲóӵǰˡŹ֡
Ȱ÷ѩ໲ҽѺӰƨˡ
İ÷ѩʶߣӾ̽Լֱϵûʲô仯ʱһ
ȻӰҪǼˣ϶һֻɫϣͿѪྻ޺ۼ
÷ѩûע⵽ǣɫѾ΢Сı䵭ɫˣ·ˮˮīģԭ·һ㵴ơ
Ӱôһͨصңɹ˷㡣
ȥ֪ǰӰͽĴɩС꽻һúԷԼ

ӰȥΪʳеζڼͺü˼һͷֵָ꣬Ǽι
ҿǣۣȻ˷һȺֻⶫȤȱȱ˼죬Ӧˡ
Լִ˷ѵĴ׷Щۺͺڣ֪һ׷ԲϣôԱӳš
øϽ취һ¼Ļʳܾôһֱš
еǲ׬Ǯ⣬Ͷѵ׬Ǯ̫ˡ
Ӱѳ극ͻطˣƨһմ̣£˾͸һ㣬ãȻ
ͻȻֱͻȻһ̡
ӰһͦѸߣ䡣
ͼֱϴƾһ°ɫ
ӰٿŷԵľϲ֮ɫ
Ϊɽˮ·û뵽һ塣
ԭ򵥴ֱһã
ϲͻȻˡ
ԭ߰ɫ󣬻ûͣ£Ѹڰݴһĺɫ㡣
ֻֻڰ˦˦βͣɴβһ˦ɲǼ䶨Ƕϳͼ
㣡
⻹û꣬һ̣ǣǰһ͸
͸ܿ׹һȻһ״Сһβȫڣһβȫ׵С㡣
֪ΪʲôĪֻ״̬
ʿʿʡӰô룬ԺͻȻһĿİĿˮѧСӤһ㡣
ʲô
ǳڸɺ״СݵأһϢֻ㣬ѵɶɾ
ͬʱ֪ϴĵطһ󽹼ֱľ

ҵҵأôûˣĶȥˣǸ쵰ҵ
ҵģҵģʱ˵İ÷ѩҪȵĸ¶
뵽ͷˣŽָ⣬¶üɻߣӡ
ܿ鵨ѡĿѵһĻ
ֱֻϵĺɫһ㣬ڶɴβֱߣһƾʧ
Ҫȴôס
÷ѩôˣˤ𣿡һŮ֪˯ȴ÷ѩѣ׷
ʲôûˣ𣿡˵ʵ
ûи˯žͱѣķˣҲֹֻᷳΪ÷ѩԵ̫ã·ŭԹС
Ӱ˸ƣڴϣɻŰСݵһһϵ죬ѯûеõظԺһһСһĽпŶÿʣżˣ̽Ҫͷ
Ȼһ죬ֱӴ壬͸һ㣬ĻҳҵҲûɶô
ˣֻܣô˳
嶸Ȼһ䣬˳ոյĽ棬صԭʼ棬ĳźüģ鹦ܣϵͳ̳˳齱ռ䱳Լҵԡ
Ӱɫ۾һˣɵԲģ˾ϲ
СĵùϵڱҲ񲻵ĵҲԳԲΪܱܿˣȻ󱻱˼ˣ̫ˡ
΢΢̾˿ʱûôˡ
Ȼʶһһ㿪ֽ涼ǴһĻҰ
ֱ㿪ռ䱳һȻ㡭ȥˣ
գգ۾һɫϳеƿX1ôʶһƾն˸ƴ󣬴µСƿӣʵʵġ
ӰʵʵСƿӺ˶ˣ²еʵС
Խɿתû´Ļð÷ѩ죬ܹĸ¶ӦöǴСƿģǲ֪һԵģй̶ĵÿ춼еġ
ƿۿһ¾ͿƿǺҶϹ¶һĸ¶Ө͸ģζƿںַֿ


7 
ӰΪϻƤ촽ЩԾԾԣҪͷ£ƿӵһ١
룬ȰƿӷŻؿռ䱳ȻæȥľһӾˮ鵽ϣϴš
ӰʱرԭԼһ䣬ҲȽϷ㣬ǹϴţΪŴģӴսĹߣԷȻõġ
ӰϸƵĶͷ鷢峺羵һ㾮ˮˮӳһŶ쵰һۡͦС΢̵ı괽򵥵黨ǰƤҲΪ𪡣
һŵʮֺõٱϱӻ¼֡
ΨһвЩƷֲͷͱϱӻƵƤ
ϱһͷŨֺڵͷƤƤ
ԭ𪣬ԶȲϱӵƤ
Ƚοûʲôֹߣԭ˯ӲҹǻŮƤʮֽ£ëס
뿿ˮ滹ܿԭŨϸСӵĽëһ˫һںڷü͸żȻĽģˡ
Ӱѿռ䱳СƿóСƿڶ׼бȡ
ણ
һξӨ͸ĸ¶϶Ʒһθ¶
ӰȥҰҰ죬ζ¸¶ǵζ°ƿӴˣָؿռ䱳żһ辮ˮա
ɴ۾š
һ룬롭
һӹȥˣӹȥˣһգգţ۾ɬˡ
ûɶ仯ɶҲû
Ӱ΢΢Щʧоͷģ鷢оˮһĶ
һ;濴һƬҺɫˮһȾ
һƬīˮһۼ
Ӱ
Ӱǵã֮ǰûôţһֱϴֵģѵǸ¶Чˣ
ţһȻҲһƬڡ
Ӱϲѣ˵ĺ޲ȥȦʱȥϴɡ
æȥüľ鷿ϣȻˮʱ̨ͺͻ̨ҲѲѲ˺üŵ
һ֬ɫæ𣬼ٺõĲƬټŻӣ𣬺ܿͻžˣưˮͳˡ
Ӱ֣󹦸ɺһ
պˮȻľһһˮˮ
Ӱϴ˸Ȼ£̧Žľˮʱо˶оˣһ˿ȿϴˢԼ塣
̼䣬峺׵ˮһӸƿīˮһ㣬ʮֻ塣
ӰŶͦĵģϴ꣬ˡ
ȥһˮεľˮһ㣬û֮ǰڵôţЩġ
ֻǿŵôϴˮЩѣϴɲٳ
СãҸץĲ˭ˡϴɶ裿˵Ӱ׽һӲȥֺýٲȴٲܾ񶾶ģɰˣСøǺɸ֡
ȵĸңȵ˻
ҹҪʹСӰһ٣ˣ˭֪ͿӰϴˮһĻʱɵˡ
ӰǱٲ̼
ӰͶɲǣʮϲæĸ磬ĸ磬Ҷ˲ˡ
ȻӰʱϴ֣ǰæֻǵͷСúںϴˮ˶ˡ
ֱȼûϴϴˮ࣬
ϴզϴ谡
Ӱע⵽ĸµ΢΢Щ˼ǲǲСĻʱˤһӡ
ˤӣҿཬ˰ɡʵʵ£˵һ룬̧۾ͼ˰׵ķվǰ˸Ưˡ
ɵ۽ͣССãǳɶôһûͰôࣿ
ǰƤҲ𪣬˰˼ȣˡ
ӰջƼͶһʻЩĻʵҡ˺ܶࣿ
ʱ޲һˮϽЧ
µͷСãڱȳĹﶼף׵ĸݻᷢһ
Ӱµĳ˳ǣǿѹĻҽڣĸ磬ⲻǸո֪˻һôرѵãϴرɾⲻԣû뵽Чôã
û뻹ˣǰҲ˵﹩ķϴ·ϴرɾ
ڻ£ֻΪĸƽ͵͵˽Ǯ
һǮæСãⶫϡǮɲһǮ
¾ôˣӰʱһ֪ˣĸ磡
Ӱϴˮ˵ʱһȵһ㶼û
µˮʱӰϽֶһˮϸЧ
ˮԼƤƺһȣӰһЧҲ߯ˡ
֪¶Чôãôֱã
ںҲˣֻҰ׵ĳ̶ȻܽܵķΧڣû׳Ƥ
ǻǴˡ
µˮҴһ£װͰһҪʹСӰһ١
Ӱ¶Цݣĸ磬ôѽôôãôĸ
羹ȻҼҵġ
ûĸڣһ
Ϊô˵ҾͲǲǰҸ׽Ĳͱˣϻô˵ģ㿴Ͷ˼имһ𣿻㣡û
˵ţʱЩСϱһѵģ˵Ӱ˼ˣ׷Ŵƨɺ治ҪȲϰ֪Щл˵СӰǸһ˵ĻģĿ
ֱӰǶ˵лĺˣԽԽջ𣬶СӰҲԽɸ֣Ůӵʲôˡ
˵㣬ôôֱˣۡ
ĸ磬´βˣβǸٲ͵ģǸ÷ѩ͵ģϴȻȥģͷײˣһֱҡӰ͵һ֪ĸҥ԰汾û취á
ɶлģۼҲȥײͷѾˣȥģҪǵ㣬ô컹ſ㣬˵ɶۣҿûɶģҲȱۡ
Ӱͷû˵˵ЩˣԼ˵̫ˡ
ϣҲ
Ӱ֮ǰԴˣڷԷǵһʽ˴档
ӰǴϳԷʱź˴˸档
ò˵˶
ĸĶһŮûӰСģóģͷĸ硣
ϣ˶Ȣһ˹ˣŶŮһסȥˣ˶ڡ
ֻĸûɼңȢ˴ɩС꣬ӣȢŮ֪ɩأŮȫϼҴڵһӡ
ӴСǳ
ԷˣһǵҵС㣬ŲŲģź򡣡ɩ˵СӰȥ֪ȡ裬ﹱ˲̸ʣһ
СǲˣͲǰɣ
ˣˣ˵䡣ɩС˵
Ӱһ֪ɩӶܲˣҪԭܻΪֻɩطԼɩСΪԼ˵ء
ӰǶô˾һˣһӾǴɩСɩأñ
ɩСղûϸӰϸһʣӰզôˣ


8 
ɩС⻰һϵʹûɶӦŮ˻ⲻȤ
ֻվɩأһ٣ɿСӰһơ
ɩؾʣСãͿɶ׳Ů֪ǶȲ㣡
սŵĸɩ⻰ѿڶûͿɶϴķ
ŶԭǷʡʲôɩܴ̼ɴ۾

ϵ̽յһ㣬ԾϵӰ
ǶСùãֶӺֶŮҲ¶濴ȥ
¼˳ԾɫԼ˵ˣҪŪȥ
䲻и׷ʵģ˵ʲô
תͷͿһҰ˰Ⱥĸһͷ֧֧ң˵ɶ˵Ů֪Ƕ÷
Сո˵С÷ϴɩغ
ɩˣҲûô˵鷴ֻǸոǽԼţһǸ⿴СӰԼ̫ˡ
ĸҰ˺ظϣӰ
Ӱȫ˶ʮֻ۾ͷƤ顣
ԭǸûɶھˣֻ˵û˵
Ͼֻչȥ꣬¿ϡ
´󲿷˼õĶǲľҡ֮࣬ϡ
ǲǿ֪÷ϴܸɾҿͦõģ͸˻һ顣Ӱ
ȳ顣
ĸæʣʲôģ
ɩҲŶ
Ӱﲻʲôģϸʱֻۣܰٻص͡ëǮġ

˵ָͷ
ӰΪ۸˻ܽܣ֪䣬ɩӺĸ
ʲôëǮ
ëǮ
ëǮ
ĸɫ⽩Ӳʹ
Ҫ۵ĹŮ⺢Ӱܼӡ
Ҫôݳ޵Ķ
ĸڵѪϣʲôҪëǮҲ̫ˣĸĵ㣬ⲻǮ𣿡
˵ֳܿӰУŮ˭ģȥǮʻ
Ӱɵˡ
СãҲ̫ǮˣǮյûţɩС̲ס߶
ǰǸϽ˻ɣɩؼ۾ˣĵСӵӣ˵׼ëǮ˵ˡ
ˣǿ϶˻ӰĵûֻһڣĶ˻ȥҲˣ
ĸɨԼҹŮһۡ
ֵܼҲΪһëǮôࡣ
µСã̲סӰ˵ˣǷϴĿɸɾˣСþϴˣϴһණǲ֪ոյϴˮڰҲˡ
еˣͦõģżһξˡԲֳŮ»ػǮǵøôǮˡ
ǰ˰ɣС»ؾͲˡҲǻ˵
ɩСȥˣСöûϴǵһѣ޺²һš
ʲôˣ»زˣȫ˶ôСӣС»ػң
ҵľ֪ãզ
Ļء
ʹһϱҸɶ
ɩС겻
ˣˣͷۣҪҪԷˣĸŻ𣬿˭˳ۣù롣
ⶫܳԣ
ҲܺȣɶðƭŮЩС
ɩСɩԱţͿĸû׷Ūȥˡ
ĲУСӰǮ϶ĸ˽͵͵˽Ǯ
ƫģ
СӰôִţҲ˵һ䣬ôȥˣǣֻͿˡ
Լ̬ȣҲٶ˵ʲôֻǵһ
СãһûسķأҪóƣɩС겻ĵ
Զԣ⼸ģͷƤҲеҲ֪ǲгӣýϴ衣ɩһľѳۣҲֻռҲ
ҲɶֵëǮĸҲ˵
Ӱ˵ùˣü
Ӱɩӣĸֻоѹɽ
ҪĶƾձһ

һ˼û˯á
ĸʹ˯ţһǮ뻨ˣôܿùСŮӰôǮеͷۡ
ɩСطҲԹˣҲ̫ƫˣ֪ŮΪΪӣҲûʲôã
ΪԼΪӣǶĹװ
ô۶ˣӣ˵СòǻС𣿡ΪȻ
СʮˣͶԼˣ
ʲôˣСûСö꣡ȫҶ᲻˵
ľ˵ͨ
һߣɩصҪҵ֣κҵˣֻɴԽԽᡣ
һˣĸŮĺܣô磬ֵ磿
ֻôôһëţ˭һôһСѾͷƬӣ
ǰЩֻ
𣬰СѾͷƬӶˣġ
żҲһ֪ƫԼСѾͷƬӣ
ЩҲûŮ٣Ķ˼ҶŮ
ĽǼʣ˹ãȻȲһũѾͷ
ëǮķ˵Żһػ᲻˵
ֿŮҲûŶԼĹŮ֪Լġ
ŮҪ޵ģǵиӰ뵽ɩҲеð
ôôడ
Ӱ֪³ġëǮһ˶û˯á
²
ͬʱҲֱϵĥţԼҪôƾóһ
ﵹиϵͳ̳κǻɫġ
ˣҲ֪ûϴʱǹ˾ˮʹĵ˽һθ¶
ԤУҪҪˣָͻʧˡ
ţȻһĿˮ
ϵͳߣǷʽ¼ϵͳ
Ӱ£ϻظǣ
ϲʽ󶨣һֻеͯ
ŰĽϵͳ̳
ӰˣʶһͳˣȻĻҡɫһ㣬ɫ
״ܹһ˴
ӰۿŰҳһУʶŴ򿪣ը˼ɫ̻
ڴĿţм¶һϴװĻɫһСˮǡ
ϲһƳһˮǣԶռ䱳עգ
Ӱռ䱳ȻһƳһСˮǡ
Ӱǳ飬ˡ

ðɣжѾܲˡ
Ӱϵͳ̳Ϣ˼Ҳûظ
ֱһ󾯱ͻȻ
εΣ㣬ʡģʽ
εΣģʽ
Ӱ˸Ƿˣˡ
Ψһҵǣ߹ߣϵͳ̳ǻڡ
Ӱϸ۲һָս̳ǵһȫСʳֿζƬˮͷɿǡСͷȡ
ĿСʳӦоС
ӰĿȴ̳ǻδڶ㣬д͵ζר
ֻϸŻƳȳȵĻ͡׺Ͱ濴۾ɴæ̿ˮ
뿴㣬ȴôˢȥ
ӰЩź˻һǮûУҪô


9 
תһȥע˺ŵʵѾ˽ϵͳ̳һЩֶһס
Գߵʵϴ˺̣й۶һɻ֣Ȼٹһϵͳ̳Ķ
ĿǰܶһȨ޽Ϊһʳ
Ӱ׼׼ʵһΡ
磬ӳ
ûг緹ͼææȥϹˣ³ˣӳͿ۹ˣϾֿɹϵ׷ֵʳ
ӰҲ˸磬ɩֱˮôôζ
ũæʱ̣ʱ̣˶ֻٷ
϶ˣҪҲֻܹˮ伢зģʵС
ȼߵĲˣӰۿֶӴ󻢺ͶֵҰһ㣬ܡ
滹׹СǸСβͣ׷磬۴Уֱ磬ֶҲȻҪ˦СβͣԼȥ档
æǰһѳסͷԵֶӡ
Сãɶ󻢺ͶһɻۿСֻСβҪ˼òУСϣǻô棬æҪСõ·
벻ǣӰյ
ǣ󻢺Ͷ۾ٿصɴȻûԹǣǵģĿϡɹˣʱͣ̿ˮ߰ŰɿӰ
˫Ĵ۾һ۲գֱֱ
˵Ƭ̣СƨƨӰСһˤæһѡ
ֻֻצһѴס˴󻢺Ͷϲץסˣ磬硣
ԲĺɺһСã
ɰӰĲУ޲׼ڣ
Сһ̫ɰˡ
󻢺ͶعһСͷַꡣ
ʱ򣬴СƨþˣȺͬСôܵá
СãǣóԲСæ׷ʵ
СãǮ˷ǮǣƲģع;ԼСùƭˡ
һ⻰ʱЩʧСù׽Ūǣ뷢ƢֲңСùø̸״ֻϻǴ㱻ƭŭ
ǡСС֪ʲôѧࡣ
ǲžˣȫιСˡӰϷһͳˮǣ˵߶
˺װιһöζӲǵСųԣˡ
Сʶͷ
ĳζӲζһγζС۾ٿصԲӰʺóԲóԶûӦͣ˰ҡͷúóѽ
Ĵ󻢶ֱֱ۾һ߹˹̿ˮһ͵Ӱǡ
ҪСĻŹģСǡ
󻢺Ͷ̲סˣеǶСøСæ
СãҲҪ
ҲҪҲֶӰ㲻ƫģĶе
̵ǣ
ǴûгζóԵǶš
ôóԵĶԭ¿ûƭǣôó԰
óԵĶ᲻ʲȥĺֽ
Ӱеᣬġ
תת飬ֺõСùãҶûζһԣٸһ


10 
Сֽ߽СٸƯһ˫һ½ëϸŨܣӦò
Ҵɨ۱ջߣɫŶԷڡ
Է첻˵ֻƣüͷ΢û˷ʱ䣬Ȳڳ̤׼ˡ
˼Ҫ뿪Ӱ˲ò˼æڣȵȣλ磬ܲܽˮ
ʱʮֱأӰ¶Էᣬ˵ԼֶͬȥɽϲժĢֶеֿ߲ˣҲûиɾˮԴˮ
Ӱе㵣ĶԷԸ衣
ϸ˶ԷˮۣǸˮʮϡġ
ȴԷĻԥˮֶĶ
Ӱ۾ӹˮæлһ
Ȼ
綼Ǻ˰
ϴȥְһΡ
Ӱʱǰλ˸ߴıӡʮֺãͬԷ˵Сֶӵλá
λòԶڸ
Ӱλԭ·ء
ܿصֶߡ
ֶɫЩ촽Ƥɹ΢죬ðϸϸܵĺ飬Ӱʮۡ
ЩΪ˵æ̫
ӰһֶͬСãҺÿʣ
ӰڴʯϣšˮȺֶιˮ
ιˮֶһһȥðĺˮǣ۲ۣ
Ϧɽϼա
Ůʯϣշ·ˣϸֽĵģĳĿЩԼʱûעĿע֪ʱȫŮϣ˽ˮôŲҲŲߡ
ȺˮĶָˣҰע⵽һԻиİˡ
ܿ죬עгעȥֲңֻܼӰ½ǼСãг
ӰѾιˮҰҰ֪СӹƸղֳˣֲʱʵСЩס
ֶӺˮҲЩʣûȣϾͦصġ
һ˼ҲͬһˮȴǾ̫ˡ
Ѿˮ˼ұ˷˼ʱ䣬ȴ󻢲֪ʱܵߡ
Ѵ󻢱ǰɰѴ󻢼Сͨ졣
ȹ˲úҲܹȥҪҲѶϡ
ֵܼǣСƨŲŲȥҺñг˿
Сãгˣ
Ҳˣ
ܺӼŤֱӰȥˣһһСֶһ˼Ѿˮ˼ұߵл
С۵ĺͨͨ촽Ҳ˵ƤûӹˮԼʣʣ
ӰһŷӦԷɶ˼¶λĺӡְθһ߶ȡ
ȻǺ˰
Ǿܾˣˣлл
ͷӹˮҳǰ档
󻢶³ˣǸûؼˣӰ
гʮѵãֻдӳһУСһôϡĳ³
Ӱ̫Ѿɽˣ첻ˣٲȥҪˡ
ǿһһԱߵͳɤͻȻ𣺡ǻȥ
ˣ
ӰվܾСֻˣСãҪ
СãҲҪһûأ󻢵
Ӱ
ڳߣǰ󻢶˼۴УӰ
˼鷳ˡ
治˼ԺɵҸúñ
˼ұ硣
·ˣǵı¨гǰ棬Ⱥܿв˺֣ʶԷǲ
ӰɵˣҲڸղôûǿưֶӱ
ڴñʱ˵˵ҲˣΪֵıô죿
ҺôӴڵ·̾벻ûʮӣгͣſڡ
ĸæ³СԺ뿴ԼҹŮû
Ƽһʮ־СŮӻ
ĸһ

Ӱ³ֶӱ³ûü֣жٶȼȰӱ³ְѱ¨ݸ
󻢺Ͷ³ϻؼңгĸϽȥȥȥȥԺȥʵŮСǣ
Ӱĸ۾гϱ磬·δŮЩ
Ȼ
ûãĸͬҳʼ仹漸Ϳʼ̽˼˽£ûж󣿼꼸ꣿ﹤
ӰһΣĸһı羹ȻʮһһĸĻ
ĸԷǵͲ󣬻Ǹ٣ˣ޲ԼҹŮܸ
ӰʵȥˣĸĻˣ춼찵ˣ˼һأ
ĸȻæֹס⣬Ӱû˸ղֶӿѱˮˮȹ⡣
뿪֮ǰԷˮ˸ԼҴɩĽڰĸϽ֧
ĸ뿪Ӱʮֳֿлλ硣
ػã
ӰöԷʮ֮˾ĸʽģǸˣ˼˱Ƚ飬һŮ¹±Ƚ磬Ƚϼ
ţ
ллˣϴΣҲȥ
ɽæһ죬ͷЩɿ˿ձߣӰ˵߰ɢļƷ˿¶ա
΢ĿⲻԾСϣִҴƿߣĴΣ
Ӱһʱ䣬ܿ⣺㣿
ţң̫лˣ
ûĶãԷﳵ뿪ǰһ⧲ĻǴ弸飿жô
ȶԷﳵ뿪ԶӰ±ѣԷпʣû룬תԺӡ
Ժ󻢶ͬСԼСֶŮţء
벻г
ĸҴҴһźǳرСˣ
Ӱͷ
û˵˵ɶĸʡ
ӰĸҵԧæأûУ
ôûأĸһʧ
ղСӶ㰡
˰ģ˳ҲرָߣǾ٣
ҪǴ߸ôҪ˰æŮǣǣý
ϧǴģýҲҲˡ
СôǴأ
Ӱ
ҴɩСɩ󻢺Ͷ˵гǺСһ
æԺ͵͵顣
ƼСӻˡ
˵ںСղһ̵ٲóͣƿҲͦһģǳˣС˼ң
Сϲ˻֪ս֪ࡣ
ɱʱˡ
˵ʵҲԼСӸϽҸǧڡۡǽǶˡ
˸Сλٳúã˼ҾԷʱô죿
ҴɩСæ˼ҹǳģҶҲҳģ
һ仰׶ĸͷӰһ
ʱԺСֶŮСһֶͬŮԸֻ̫뿴СסӰСȣСãҪСø
Ӱ


11 
ҳ찵ˣӽʱϡ
ֻڴ;ս֣գǿ֣ҡ
Ļ˵춼ЩˣسǸɶϣӴﵽСʱ·̣Ҳ·סҡ
ԥһᣬͬ⡣
֣
֣ڳæԺʱû뵽ȥʮָˡ
ͷԼһɫౡ޲ͷҲģЩԼûжúʰһ
֣ʮֺߺ¸磡
ͻһ·ˣɫĲ´㣬黨ǰ
֣ͬǰ̸
֣ĸһӳ˳ǰ
лʣ廹ûô
֣ĸصƻæùһǲͿԳˡ
鷳ˣò
֣ĸԳӡʮֺãʮֶòÿҶٶӹϵʮֺõսѣ֣ĸвӭġ
˺˼䣬֣ĸԼҶͬս̸ˣȻ˳
֣պôôڴ
ʱߵģ͵ġ
Լ˰æ˻ش
֣ʳ˳͵ǴһСǰ
ò˳ͻشС˭
֪ͬһ̯Ѫµҹ˭
ǹڴ룬֪ǽġ
ǺĴա
ͬͬ䲻쵫ʶ¼Ǻҵһҡ
汲ʮֲ֮ǰڴҲ
ĸһĸʮ⣬ҳŮҲʮ
ҲгŮ۹ŮģԶ
û¼ҿţѹŮľȻĸӻء
ȻҧѹŮС
ҪǹŮҪѧټϴѧȡˣĸŮϴѧ
ϧúõһŮȻ軵ˡ
ã¼ҵ֣üͷһʱ֪ͬ¡
ϾѼáǿԶʲô֪öˣһǹľô죿
֣ջûüڡ
һ֣ᰲ֪ʲôʱݲ廰¸磬´ҪӰǧԶ㣬㲻֪жѲƷã
֣³ϣæӰڹ֪ǽǵһһϸ˵
ɫ䵭˼֡
㲻֪֪ƽնӰãɾӰ͵͵ϲϰ֪δ򣬻ڰ֪ǽǣҺý֪翴Ŀûóѡ֣᰼
֣ĸڳԼҹŮһҹŮƷ಻ãüͷ΢æ֣᰽
֣᰻óʶӰĿ᲻ߡ
֣ĸֺ˼顣
֣һͷ֣յ磬ȥ¸ú˵˵£ǧӰϳ¸磡
֣᰾ýӰǹˣĻó¸شģ˵Ƴ¸糤ıȽ֪ǰ;ľ٣ϳ¸ˡ
뵽֣ʮΣļĲɽ
̲ס֣ͬĸӰƷܻˣ͸Ѻȥν֡
ҹŮ£ʲô֣֣ĸֵҹŮͦõģ
֣᰻粵֣ĸȥϴˡ

֣ձһ˵¼СûЩΡ
˵֣￴ϲѡ
ӳһţþͶһ̬ʮ顣
ϧҼ
̫
˲ֻ֪ǾģʮԾ壬׵˾
˵׿ǹϲвĹʮҲõĹǰ̡
ʵϡ
Ҳû˽ýܸ
ϧЩ꣬ÿҰݷһΣҲûѶʲô顣
֣ҲͶͷ
ղõûɴ˽̫ࡣ
֣ոɿԼҪԲ䳡ͻȻЩδؿţҾСͦģ
ôԴӣƷ
֣һôŶӡƺͦã

ʱĸλͬҼֵ˵¡
˵һźô꣬ǵһƼôֿСӣСҲߣһװߣǸ٣ǼҹŮã
ͷȷʵͦǼҹŮģ
ӰĸǴ˶ٲ˾
ϴֵ븽ĸĻɩСɩϲ֮Աǡ
ôóûʮֿľ٣ֻҪϹƲֲʹֶֶŮСӡ
ɩСǶԽСʹȥɽϲĢЩǶСֻԲɻһֱﲻ
ĸͻȻһϴļˣΪʲô£ĸСǳˣҲˣسǿ·զ죿ղҾ͸ðһ
ǰ֣ռһرָֿľš
⻰˵ģǴ۵ġ
ǰԶԶ֣ͬմ棬Աȷʵиսѡ
ݵĲ߲࣬һװߵһ
˰ˣüĿһͲһˡ
µҼ֣սѣ֣ռأ
ĸ⻰һڣ۾һ
Ӱ￴ĸʲô⣬Ͻ֣ҲиŮ˵֣ԼҹŮܸǾ٣ǧ֣Ҹǣߡ
ֵҲ͡
ǾҪر㣬֣Ըˮﲻǣ
ĸЪˣЩģô껹ǵһμôСӣҲرòġ
ôͲŮ
һֱһҷ󣬴ԺĸﻹƲ֡
Ӱ֮ǰϴ軻·õǰԺľϴ·֮ǰǰҲôҶڼǣɱŰҼ޳ȥ
ǰմԽû룬˶ر飬ر¡
Ӱɲĸô͸Ҷ飬æԤ
ĸԼҹŮüЦҾ֪ҹŮТ˳᲻
һԸϴĴɩСɩԼСӻҪҶ꣬Ķˡ
ҲͬùŮڼҶ꣡
Ҵ磺СڼҴöɣ㣡
ҲͣǣСãĸҲ㣡ڼҴöɡ
С꣺
أ
ӰһƬůüм˸оã
ʱסͻȻСã㲻˲ǻŽ֪ɣ
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ĸ磬Ӱôе㼱£÷ѩ˵΢΢̽ͷƣļĺ޲Ӱ
ĸԥ˰÷ѩĻòڼң˵Ҫţɸն˽ָİ÷ѩ͸ľô뿪æӰ÷ѩڼôҺͽе£


12 
÷ѩԺһɫڡ
ջԼҹŮϴ·ĸɫҲڳһƬֲ⺢ӣһӵ
Ҳ׽䰦̾麵̡
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ɩСҲͣԼνԺ󻢶СҶô죿
Ӱ
üһ
ԶСɿͣӰʵûԼôӰ쵽ӵĻ¡
ɩСɩضһڻ޲ðˣֻ˵ǰԭ̫
Ϊ˲̫裬Ҳҹı䡣
Ӱĸ汻ɩӵĻ˵˼æڣҲϲ֪ˣ
Ҵʵ˿СãǰҲô˵ڶ컹һڽ֪ƨɺ棡
Ӱ
ĸʱѵӲ³ӵŮݣȥ֪ͽ֪࣡
˵ʵ÷ѩô֮У֮ǰ͹¶ãջĳȥױ¶
Ҳͬ÷ѩ˺ڻû˺ʱýԷԭϴ״
ԣĸһýڣӰԹԻݡ
ԼĻͬĸú˵ǧôˡ
ĸһʼĲ֪֣ôԹԻݣĸһ
ɫҲ࣬
ǴɩСɩء
ǻŽСȥ֪཯֪ã˵Сü˵ĸҲܴ㡣
˵С֣֪Ȼô
һ˵ĸСøϽ˵ĻԹԱض
ݺӰô߰÷ѩ
ն˽ָİ÷ѩɲ״򷢡
÷ѩȷʵ״򷢣ĽָĪͻȻûˣ÷ѩͲˡ
÷ѩ⣬֮ǰһжúõģȥɵľӰ
վСԺſڣþûӰ֣ＱĲУӰǲĽָ鲻Ҽ
÷ѩü͸źݶͽָﲻۡ
õȲӰֵİ÷ѩĹһ˿ģƿ¾Ҫȥ
⧲˸ţĺһ
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ӵһ۾ͲǶϲʲô֪࣬˼е࣬Ů˼̫ǳԲϲŮͬλ֪һ
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ӰʮŮ䶪˽ָ漱ˡ
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Сÿ϶뽯֪ˣ
ҪǲϽСҶСֲϽ֪զ죿
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ڶ⣬ĸޡ
᲻ԼСãҲе㵣ģһԺСˣҺ˼ҿɲף
⻰˵ĸĿˣĸζԼҹŮҸƷҲõĺö󣬱Ǿپʮֲ
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ʲôɶ
Сã˵ɶ
֪׷֪ࣿ
˲š
˼ӣҲǣһ벻λ֪ôԭ
Ӱ֪˵֪ͬ಻Ƕֻ潯֪൲һҲ˵ɶϵÿθ֪ͳԵģ֪඼͵ĳԵĸ֪ԡ
Щҳըˡ
ɫ׷һһ࣬ŭ
ϣҵĹŮզôɵŮǸƵġ
֪࣬Ҵ¶̲סȥ֪ˡ
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ˡ
ӰæǷģԺҲϲ֪ˡ
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һ˳ĲУӰҲЩģСԺľ˽ݣתƻȥϴ·ˣ
Ůȥϴ·ȥ˯ĸ۵
Σ䣬ԼԼɣԼϴ·񣬽һ廨⣡
Ӱûü˶ãɩСۼʵСãľǿǲ֮ǰķ
ӰͷϣС͵ؾаθɤͬôķϴ·


13 
Ӱ˵ϴ·ģܸɶ
ƼɫҲˣĸҲһܼ۵ģ
ӰǣֻܺһڣⲻûҵǾ͡
û˵ĸҴҴϣŮڳø㡣
ĸȥʱľó
ղ·ôһ飬ĸԽԽϡߵŮԺϴ·ǾͳɣǧѧЩ֪ţԺҪϴ˵
Ӱ
ĸˣɩСɩһЩ
ηϴ·飬˶Сþѧ֪ЩϹ˷Ǯ
˸ղŴҴҼۡ
ǿʮֺÿͷҲ
Сϴ˸裬Ȼ࣬ʱЩֲĸʡ
һɢȥظݡ
ΨĸӰϴ·Ӱܾ
˵ϵͳǿ⣬ôˣͬԭһðææĸٰϴ·
ӰȥϢԼϴ
ϣҹŮĸж
Ӱĸֵú͵ҲϢˣһϴ·ԼϨ
ĸ˼⺢Ǹַģú͵ƷͷǮϨ
֪ˣӰֵˣǷǱظϴˣ͸͵缸ϴϴ衣
զУ
ĸûԼҹŮƿɩӡ
ϴϴϴرɾƽææģ÷ϴϴرɾ˯Ҳ
ĸҪܾӰ˵£ĸͬ⡣
ʵҪʮ̫̫ϡȱ÷ϴɡ

ʮǻвľʲô̫ˣϴϴʮָɾ
֮ǰĸ˵΢ģϴϴ·õǣ󲿷˼ϴˮ壬ɶͿϴ·Ҳǣùþͳɡ
û󣬻˻ǽ㣬õǡ
·٣ֻһ첻̫࣬ʮֵ˼飬·ϴšɣԺľϡ
Ӱջݣжһ
Σɣһ廨⣬ռգ
Ӱչ£硣
ͻȻȥռ鿴
Ƽһ廨⣬̫ûˣЩš
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Ĳ⡣
ЩӣĸȻʵ̫ˡ
ÿ춼ǰ׺͵͵ظˮ󵰣Ͷ
̳ȻпţȨֻŵһʳר
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ȥسһˡ
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ȥȥأҲ͸Ĺɣƺʶ뷨йء
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̳ǲ鿴ĢĢղɻãĢϴ̳ǵĵ
ȥЩĢţû̳ǻֻ㣬ӰЩź
ڶûȥسǡ
գæҲæ󻢶ԼСֶŮóȥ롣
ټĸȥҽٲһֱĸʱʱ
תһݹȥ
ۿÿæա
ÿϿոˮÿֱİ׺̶һݹȥ˳ⲻȫ˼ȣࡣ
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ֶֶŮҲΪæ룬Ե٣ɫ˲٣Ӱסˡ
һһҪȥسһˣ廨óȺúò
һҲգﶼʮæ֪Ҳǣÿ춼ҪϹ
÷ѩ
żκ÷ѩ˺ߡ
һڣֱӷø¶ø¶ϴͷθ¶һˮ


14 
Ҫʮϡ˵ϴˮˡ
ԭͷƻֲ棬ʮֲãûųø¶ϴͷ
һʼȷ¶ͷǷãֵĸ¶Ч̫á
ֻҸζһˮϴϴ˼ЧԣŸҷÿζһˮϴ
һݺۿɼԭƷֲͷֺֻͷҲŨ˲١
ɢͷʱаŨ˳
Ӱʮָˡ
Ҳ֪ǲ¶öˣ塣
Ƥ״̬ʮֺãƤۻ١
һͷŨܺڷӳ£СԽ𪾫¡
ϣӰճ̳ǵ̡
ָϼûõĢ˼ĢȻˡ
Щ죬ĸæգɴȥɽϲĢ
һʪ칽ʮӹ
칽ȽϹ󣬸ɵһ٣ʪһ൱ڸɵһһʮ顣
ӹȽϱˣһӹ飬Ҳ˵һ׬һپʮ顣
ɻ֣һǮһ֡
ЩĢ̳꣬Զתһپʮ֡
һ׬ôǮӰʮּ
Ҫ֪һپʮʮ൱һǮϧǮûóֻȥ̳ѡ
ϧ̳ǵڶȨûЩСʳһεյļ˳ԱһЩ
Ӱϸʳר
һ޻ҹͷǷֱһˮǺһʮϡĴǡƬһСɿһСͷһ֥ʿԼһЩ۽
ûѵӰʱȫȫֱͣͻȻ
Σʮϲ̳ǵڶ
ţ̳ǵڶͣ

´Ļҡɫ潥д͵ר
ϻƳȳȵĻ͡͡Լѩ׵桢ǺǲϹۡ
Ӱʿˮž޴ϲæµһͰ1.6LͣһЩ±ϺͲǣסۣȴԼôҲ޷ٸ
鿴һۻֲ֪ԼȻõĲˣҪǰʳ̫ࡣ
Ӱֻ˳̳ȥռ鿴
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Ķڿռһ廨ͻΪۡ
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һ˼Ŵ֥ʿһƬһ޻ҹͷ˯¡
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Ӱ𴲺ȥĸһڳĸһǣȻͬĸ˸ȥسǡ
ĸιţȳζ˲ûȥسǵ£æǴĶģ
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ĸȻеۣοжǵŮԸԾͳɣԸɶ̫˷ˣ
Ӱ֮ôðȻóǣǿĸɫÿ
գһɫÿ
ˣ͵ĳԵٸɵĶ࣬եĶǾѪһֻʮꡣ
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˷ˣӰͬ˵ЦҳԹˣˣҲ
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ҽȥسһˣܿͻӰĸͬ⣬
һܣĸŮʵûǰ˵겻ϲ֪࣬ȥˣûвͬ⡣
ʵĻǵʣŮȥسǸɶ
ĸȥسҪǮɶȥġ
Ҿȥسƣ
ĸûԥãصĸȥ
Ӱɲ鷳ĸ磬գĸǼĸȥĻզ죿
ǰһѧҲԼȥسǣҪ㣡
ĸûͬ⣬ϴµ֪ý쾹ȻҪȥسǡ
һȣСãȥسǸɶ
ҾȥسǣУӰʡ
УզôһãȻš
˵ԭĸ磬ԭľĸ硣
ĸҨһˮȥԺϴ
뿪ĸӶһëǮ͵͵ӰʡŻɰӰжĲС
ȥسǰӰ͵͵СֶСֶŮһǣüСһֻԲ˵ɰѼСһֻˡ
ָ׼ϹһȦԼĸ˼ǣʱˣǷָһš
±ԼСţ۾Сãզǣ
ֻԲʣӰС
ģɰ¶У¿ϡСʱԹһǺǵζû
¶ɿǣ֮ǰʵСãû
ˣԼԣ
ǳɣĸ˵꣬°ͷһζըޣóԣҪÿǳԾͺˣ
ӰѿڶˣԺ⣡
ζ⣬⻰˵ֻΪ˵ЦٺӺ׵Сã˵Ц
Ӱ


15 
죬ȣͷɹĺܣɹضЩѡ
˻ӺգеĺںţƴȽʮֻ
һȺ֪Ҳա
֪໹ãѾӦ
֪ĽࡢɺɺӱȼλŮͬ־ھһܺ󣬲ۿˡ
ϱһֱŵİ÷ѩͬӦ
գÿ飬ıȼ磬˯ı
۵ϴ趼ϴ֪ͷ˯
ڶֵüϹ
ҺûãʱӳչһȺ֪һ֪㡣
֪Ժ˰
ԵĻӰ֮ǰٲ¡
֪࿪ڵôûƼӰǴó彯ڣ
˵ֳմĽٲ磬ϴ̫İɣ
֪һڣҲЩϡ棬̫ۣ˰ԡ
ڴһ𣬷׷̲סԡ
ٲһĮɫҪ
ϴ÷ѩ˵ˣӰп߳ŭϲó÷ѩ
֪֮ˣ֪Լ񮡢䲻Ͻ磡ͬٲϵõ˵
Ǵȵϰ֪ࣿа֪δޣϲá
ôˣͦõģ֮ǰƼҹŮ͹أ
֣˿ʿˮš
֮ǰҲҹŮһֱͶٲԣƼΣ󼦵Ҳкɡ
ΨûǹŮȻ͹ôݳ޵Ķ
˾У磬ǹŮ͹
ϣٲɫЩΡ
˵ӰһʼͶ
ҲͬԷ
÷ѩһֱ˵ҲͰӰ͵ʳﶼ÷ѩˡ
ģﻹв׵ġ
磬治ϲǹŮ˰ʵһתֵȢҲٲһڳԵģ˵ǹŮмɫġ
ǰϹİ÷ѩžȰٲȢӰöԷͬȽϡ
Ӱȵ
÷ѩɫࡣ
ҺûãȷʾϲӰźһЩ
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˵ǹŮλʲô磿
Ӱʲô磬϶ϡӱԺһ氲÷ѩͷ
Ů֪Ƕˣ֪ҲٰԣΧһ緹
֪д÷ѩеҲǴɫʮֲÿ
⼸ӰȻһֱûʳ뵽Ӱ֮ǰ͵ļ÷ѩʿˮ
ݣĽ´ǰ˰÷ѩۣͻȻڣ÷ѩôһЩ
÷ѩɫһ
Ľ֮ǰ˵Լɹô
ͬݵļ֪඼÷ѩ˼ۣ˲٣ƤҲû֮ǰôá
ӱͿ컹ͷͣǺһ㡣
÷ѩջģָɫ۵ҪӰĽָڣ
÷ѩھ϶ӰĽָǣôҳ
÷ѩԽԽޣｹꡣ
ƫƫֻܽǿһЦݣ̫ɹġ
Ҳǣ⼸ͷɹĺܣ˭ɹڣ
ʱɺɺͻȻתƻ⣺Ӱȥسˣ
˻ػɺɺû
ǼĹﾹȻȲһ´ú
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÷ѩ۵һĨʼɡ
ӰӱζƾʲôۻɻӰȴȥسǡ
Ľֵˣ÷ѩղô֪ͬ಻δޣֻǰｯ֪൲һģ
Сʱɽ·۵Ӱ֪֪㷢¡
سǣɨΧۡ
سǱƾɣǽ浽дΰ¼确Ϊ񡯡һзɡʮϢ
س˴Աȴ˺࣬ɫװˣӦʱĹˡ
ʮ٣ԵǹӦÿ»й죬Ŀɱº̫ˡ
ӰûĸĻȥҶҡ
ԭҶҲǸˣסسǣǸС
֮ǰԭһʱסңԭҲʮֲ
ϧɩԭһֱʮ
ӰԺͷԣˣȥԭõĶ硣
ȥ˷Ʒվ
Ͼôģ˵ŮڷƷվҵô
ϧӰȥ˷ƷվһǮƷվĴʵĸǸС
ϾҶҪֵǮĶ类˼ˣӰëҲûҵֻüһЩֽͼƿ̵ͦƯĺӳûעŽռ䡣
ƷվﵹвٷϾɵ޻ãռֻ9ףһСôˣⶫǱˡ
Ӱû񵽶׼ˡ
Σ䣬ǰһ׹սǣ˷˺ս
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ԶմӹӪĳС˷ӡȥ
ӰźӺ꣬ͷͼ˷ҧվ
ȥӵӰͷ
̵ıͻȻ֣ŶԷ첲˿̧˷Ӻϥǹǣ˸Ʒˡ
ӰվֻߴΰıӰ
Բۣ
̫ġ
ӰһмҪлȱͷ
ͬ
㣿
㣿
ûɣӰĺۿ޵Ĳͣ޵շֱá
Ӱۣкֻ󣬰۵Сʮֿɰ
Ӱʮϲӣӿ޵ֱͨ죬Ϊۡ
˲ͬкæŻĺӡ
ĿһֱǰСϣźӵı庢ӣӲݸ͡
һ۲գСϣƺôƶƲ
İһƽһΡ
֪ǲܾһڲСƺƯࡣ
ã׷˷ӵļ˷ӽ
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Ӱֻͬһȥسǹ֡
ڹˡ
ֳǰ£ձ˾ʮּųôˣ
Ӱ֪ԭ羹ȻǸų
ܳΪųʮ֮˾ʮ㡣
ֳռԼųû꣬ͼԼų߻иʮƯС
Сﻳźӡ
ȵȣųɶʱˣ
ֳѿʳųɩӿƯզô黹ôĺӣ

Ӱ


16 
˵ܿʶԡ
⺢꣬ȥųû飬ôĺӣ
ʱµĹ˷ӵ¸֪һ
ʶԼԼųǰСĹϵˣʮΡ
˵ʲôһȴԼųһ࣬ȴ΢΢Щ̣ƺʮֲģ
ܵɴ۶ԼųΣԼȻûƴ
Ӱ󺰡ɩӡЩΣüıһ⣬Ҳûʲôýģ󷽷ֱʾûϵ
ԼųС칫ҡ
칫ҺҪԼųӣȴԼųʮ˰ӸһС¡
ܣ
Ӱźȷʵеۣʵ·ϱͼӣ⺢ƺֻҪ
Ӱлһ»˸Ʊš
ۣԣ˵Ҫӣֻϰ߳ʮԣĺŵֱӰ߿źҪۡ
Ӱ

һޣЩ޴룬ӰӶһŴǣֽιߡ
ζպ壺ޣޣŶ޽ǳԣ
ûкֿܵǵζ
ȻûãСһ･ֹסգգ۾ۿһҪʮ
ӰĶҪˡ
ǿͷе㳤ɴιСһ򣬱庢ӡ
庢ЦʱСһվȻиСѡ
Ӱ˵㺢Сѣ΢Ц߳һԱʾۣžͳɡ
һ۵׵ĳӲ˲
ࡣ
СһﲻˣְСһ̵Լﱧţڵұţιǣ
ʵӱõӰȷʵЩᣬղһ·ֶġ
Ѻӱȥ΢΢˿СһСҪʱæιȥ
һιζСһﲻˡ
˦˦ֱۣ۵ף۵Цһ
Ӱһʼרעιûע⣬ֱʶͬλƺЩ
ŨҵĺɶϢӰʶͬԷһЩ롣
ĿʱʱǰС־µϣںڵ㷢ĵСְף촽΢죬΢΢ĿôŲҲŲ
Ѿ¹֪ʵľ徭
ԭ⺢ӽнСǱĸȥ
ĸ궫̫࣬ѺӸշڵϣһע⣬ⲻͻȻͱ˷Ӹ˺ӡ
ҪСԼųһ֪ܲһغӡ
˵һһ˼ң⺢ӰسһϳǷ֯Σ⺢ǽҶ硣
⺢Ҫ汻ˣԺӿôϣ
µĹʾѾȥ֪ͨˡ
ܵͷͷҪͬԼų棬ȴɵˡ
ֻԼųźӣĿʼվû뿪Сϣһü۸ᣬҪ֪ģ˵һڶء
ôСδɩӣ
ûȶãš
̫̫ԶĿȴǱǱҿǱϣ̵ĸαĶ
̫̫Ǳ˷Ž칫ҵġ
Ƚ̫̫ƼԼұڲԶúóǣ̫̫ϲĲ֪ôãứͣ
̫̫㣬ĸϲõ̫̫й֮޲
ʵϣԴӽ
ҵĶ类ߺ󣬽ǿ캰أ춼Ҫˡ
̫̫ڵ֪ԼұϱƤ±ߣֱ˹ȥŻ˽ĸ
ӱҵĸ˭ˡ
ǱǱǱĸȥӣѺӽĸ
СһæסĸĲӡ
ĸԼʧõĶӸ˵ֱðǻ
ӢﱧǱ̫̫
Ǳأұžͺã
Ǹıӡ
Ƚ̫̫Լұӻǰ۵Сûɶ£˿
̫̫ͽĸ˺һʶԼûлء
ղǰͦθߴľٱӣƯСһԸιǣпŮƯ˵
Ů̫лл㰮ˡҼҾһ磬Ҫǳ˿Ǽզ
̫̫ҪӰһ˲ýͬλųϵϽ˲ù
ĸźҲ¹лţǲöл
һܺͼҲæ˵ţʾһž˾ͺá
̫̫ͽĸлİæһȺ
뿪ǰСǱˣתͷСӰٱ㣬ǣ
ĸŷԼұﻹһǣӦǰСģϸмĲС
ӰûֻСһѣϾ˼Ҹʧúӣ˱
Ӱĳ˼ҾӦòҲСһҲͷˡ
뿪ǰ
̫̫ӰֵŮѡ۹ãǾ٣ÿֺãȫȫⶼ㣬ӿ̫ˣ
Ӱȵȣ̫̫ǴƳλų˻ȫȫˣ
̫̫˵ԼҶϱѺӸ
һ˵ǲӸȡҲСӡ
ӰɵۣΧҲ±ơ
Ůⱦ߯имüûϺӵϱҼұҼұӣ׾ʹˡ
ĸҲԼҶӣԼӸŮ˱
мСӴ˷
Ӱ±Ʊ꺢ӣͣʼղɽıԼ࡮šһǳȥ
ܣ
Ƚ뿪Ӱ׼ͬλڹſڷֵ
ճţСһ
Ⱥӳɹһ׸߼Ʒһɫ˿Ѵſռ䣬գ
ϵͳӰ㱵˼ӰĨ˰亹緽ߡ
ͳɤͻȻסȵȣ
ӰתͷɫЩοǰߴӢˣʻ£
Ҫ֮ǰλΰæı磬Ӱ϶飬ղ̫̫Ǵֶǰ˵ĻӰʮΡ
û˵ʲôֻʲôʱش壬ɻ󿴹񣬳򴽵ҽպҲغ磡
Ӱ۾һ
˵һ뵽شҪСʱ·ͷ۵ѵĳ˲ΣӰæʱʲôʱش塣
ûԼʲôʱش壬ֻ˵˸ص㣬ʾСʱ
̫лˣӰһм
û£㲻ղŵ¾ͳɣͣϣִҴƿ
˷ֵӰȥ˹磬ϧɶҪǮҪƱ
ϵͳսĻƷ˿ӰЩ²ۣҪʮܸˣʳϡȱԵġ
ӰԼ̳ǵǣɴߵһСսǣ˿ס
Լóǡ
ûãиʮ괩ͦŮ·ӰǰСʵλ㣬ҪôϺõĺǣһƱһһ
Ӱ۸ʮֺĺȹöˣ۸񻹵һЩ㿴۾
ǶһһƱļ۸
ǣӰڹսû˴óڿռ𣬰ѿռ廨⡢ͷͲ桢ǡˮǡ֥ʿ⡢С±ϡһЩ۽ȥ
ƬûеĶûó
ȥӪ˰˰ļ۸񣬴ֱ1010˰
һһëǮƱ˰һƱ۸Ӱ˵ʵʵˣȴ׬ֻûȵǮ˴롣
ðֽװá
Ӱ÷ԱæһֽϾһҪĳȥ
ټϱ缸ΰôñʾʾ
ڹӪ˰һߣȥԼõĵطȱ硣
ʱ˼ǱߣӰЩ˼
û£˹ʾϳϳﳵʻȥ
·ϣӰ֪λгǾˣЩӸպ߳˳սѺѡ
Сʱ󣬿쵽磬Ӱñѳͣڴڣһ統Ůզ죿
³ʱӰлһְֽݸ磬ȥٳԡ
ûֽϽüĿ֣ؿǰСͻȻϴε㻹ûң
ʲô
Ǵ弸飬жô


17 
Ӱǰͻʻ±һٳٶҲоԷܶôһøС
ӰеСң̧۵һǰˡ
ͻȻֶԷĸߣһ壬Ȼյ˼Ҽֻ߳ôһ㡣
ǰ˲ߴӲ̸ͦüǣ۾
һʮֺÿӢȴü۹࣬Լǿ
ʱĿȴרע棬·۵ֻһˡ
Ӱջߣĵ΢΢ЩĶ
˵ʵλų̸黹磬ǰζԷְæԶԷȷʵвСĺøС
ⱲҪ飬ԷǼõѡ
磬ǣ
Զ÷ѩ˵̸Ӱ
÷ѩͷһۡ
˵ͳɤżպʣжô
ڶԷƽУӰĿİأûУ
ţ
Ӱ
Ӱ
÷ѩò뵽٣ڴڵȵӰûüˣͼȻͬδӸλĳ׳һ
۵۵˿ҺͶʼɣʼϱӰ޸绹ǿҡ
ƾʲô
ƾʲôӰŮ⻷ϱӹ˽粻ڻҪλ׳
һ˲ӰǲҲģ֪λ׳δǰ;˻λ׳
ǺܿӰġ
÷ѩ޲õλ׳ҴӰĲҪ
ϲ绹Ҫ׳ǲҪʲô
÷ѩʼɵɫŤ
ǿѹĶʼɣԼ˵׳ƲӰӰôһ룬÷ѩɫźÿһЩ
߹ȥͬλ
δж׽飬˳֪Ӱĳĺġ
û߽Էﳵ뿪
Ӱλųﳵ뿪ѹûڣ֪Ӧ˼ѹʲôҲҪغ磬ص
ʶ㣬ӰԽҡ
뿪ǰԷԼֻšһʲô˼
ðɣ˵ôôλųеã
ǳ֪Ӱ룬ƻʮԩ
κϲаյ̣ϰһУҲǡ
׼ͬоսȺú̽ⷽ澭飬һУƱذѶ

Ӱղͬ¡׳ʶλ׳ڻ׳Ӧų÷ѩĿڣӰôλųĳشλųصôʲôʱôˣ
ӰƳ÷ѩ۵׵ľͶʼɣ΢΢һ㶡
ôöԷﻰⶼλųƺʮλų
÷ѩϲٲô
Ӱƣϼ򵥷ܻضԷŶⲻشųպϳңⲻΪһ
÷ѩӰĻŰɣʱʮֺڵһûֹӰλ׳ĳ
ӰҲûеλ׳Ļᡣ
÷ѩԽԽڡ
ӰǹҪ֣ǧİ˵ĳһƼô죿÷ѩʮȻ카Ӱֱۡ
Ӱ·𱻶ϣܿ÷ѩĶ÷ѩҪؼˣ˵
ȵȣ÷ѩûĽָ
ϸӰֶԷ̶һ̥һ㡣
ð𪣬ͷںڣģǰ֪ÿ˼
÷ѩԽԽʼɣԽԽƶԷ϶Ľָ
޵Ѫץס
Ӱĸ첲ףӰֱôˣ
䣬÷ѩʮּߣӰӣӰ᲻֪Էʲô⡣
֪أͲİ÷ѩˣ˳顣
ôûУôûУ÷ѩӰֻ첲ûֺһţ񣺡ܣܣ
Ӱװһ˳ƹʵ÷ѩôˣɶʲôûСʲôܡɱң
÷ѩʶԼʧ̬һ˿ǻڣ÷ѩֱǲĶ
ûҵҪĶ÷ѩɫʮѿ
ֶ˼飬ϧӰĸ첲ѹûκκڽ
÷ѩ´ҧƣɲƤЦⲻЦʣӰôü첻㲻࣬ƯࣿܲҲұױƯİ취
ӰϲƤİô˵ĹȻû˵ұ̫ɹĵطͰˡֲһֱµء
Ӱһڰ÷ѩֱѪ
ԼЩɻӰɶҲøɣ÷ѩʼɵڵѪ
÷ѩ뼷һЦݣɫӲȴ˿ЦݣӰŮ˻͵ĺãϲܸɵŮˣЩӶµأ˵Ϊ̫
Ӱɲԭ﷭˸ۣûŮϹƱƣһˡ
ȵȣӰõɶȰ÷ѩƼֽӣʿˮҪùӣȴӰܿ
÷ѩӰѰøԣ


18 
ᵽԣӰⲻĸԭС󲿷ȫ˰÷ѩ
ʵں㲻෴мĻ
ΪǰֻģĸʮֽʡֹԭȥУԼЩ׾ݡ
ˣĸԭСûٹʱһѺ妵ĺɡ󼦵
֮Ϊżץ㡣
ĸ˸ˣ͵͵ԭһԣԡ
ֹЩԭǹˣʱʱЩԲ桢ǡɡ龫ؼҡ
ЩԵģĸ󲿷ͨͨԭԡ
ԭСֶСֶŮԲôš
ЩԵľ÷ѩ԰͵̡
ʵһʼԭͶٲ
ûã÷ѩԭ˵ٲȥ֪̫࣬ˣ˵͡
ٺЩ÷ѩƲϡö̵ĺɡ÷ѩԭԼ͡
Ƚϰ龫ԲЩһһ÷ѩ̣Щԭ͵͵ԭƱʳƷƱ׷ױ÷ѩԼ͸ٲ
ڽٲ÷ѩ÷ԸԲҲҪƱʳƷƱ
а÷ѩġ˽סȣٲ￴ԭġССݡ
Щ£ӰԭŻĻš
Ӱ÷ѩҪͣҲֻ͵
οֲԭ÷ѩΪɵ
Ӱԥܾˣ÷ѩʱԸͣҼһ£Ȼȥˡ
˵꣬Ȱ÷ѩ̧ŷɿҷߡ
ȻԭǲܰԼʡµʳ͸ƲԭԵġ
ԭͶŮ˳ȥɣ
ûҵ
ָûռ˵İ÷ѩɫֻ࣬ܿӰԶ
ӰҲвٺö
뵽÷ѩԽζͶʺޡ
ƾʲôһΣӰԽԽƯԽԽãȴ²˳
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ΪӰľƣƾȻԿࣿ
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ϱӾУ÷ѩԽԽħ֪˴
֪ӰĹŹġ
÷ѩӰ뿪ķ˶
Ӱ壬ʱĵ롣
һ·ϲˣǴҴеһڴԵ
ӵĴﶼк
쵽ʱмҳ
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ͻȻʣŮ֪Ͱ֪治δޣ
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Ӱ㵽Ϊֹ˵һȻˡҡ
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Ҿ˵ҹŮʵǽǵ£
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Ӱżλ۵Ļ΢ЦЩܿ촫ȫ塣
÷ѩϲˮôԸˮζ˵˵Ŀɶʵ飬ˮ
㲻ϴԭҲһЩ÷ѩĺ
ԺҪһ𴩰÷ѩĿݺݴ÷ѩ÷ѩ̫ãֻ˲ࡣ
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һĸɩɩ춼Ҫȥͬ߶£ҲܱŲţϴһһ㡣
˵ɩϴҲԸ˽ģӰɩӵĺøвǡ
Сãȥسɶˣ
һʼûô⣬ֻǵСһȴͳǸϣ۾ɴ
ȻͲ桢޻ҹͷһЩ㡢۽һСͷ¿۾Щ͵ļ٣𶼱ҵ滹û
⻹û꣬СȻӿͳһ廨һСͰͣ
ӶҪɳۿˡ
¼Ķ˵ˣ۾ǿ廨ϣССãЩĶģ
ﲻô˽ǮСõİɣ
˵ţӰְԼ˰óϧѾˣһ²ܳԡ
Ӱĸ磬һ˴Ͳ˰һԣ
ĴÿгͷôҲǳ㣬糢ζ
дӣҵ裡۾ԲССã㷢ˣ
ûУСôһ㡣ˣĸ磬㲻ǻҪæϻ⣬õؼңӰ
⡯֣ﷴˮ
˵Ҳз⣬ɴƣҼһô˼ңֵ̫ࣿ
״ÿҲ༸ӳζͲˡ
ĸ᲻÷ŵϣʲô⡣
ΨһԹһκ⻹϶ʱҲֻһ飬ڶûζ
ͻдӿ̿ˮĲɼһͷ
뿪ǰӰû˸ĸһ֥ʿͼǣȳȥɻ
֥ʿû٣ûһһˡ
ĸĸá
Щӣĸݵеһƴټ˸ߣ·Щյġ
Ӱ۵ĲС
ĸ翪ʼЩԥӰ˵ϴҶܳԵĸŷģһ֥ʿ⺢Ӱƴ󣬱ĸһ̻ꡣ
ζĸδ
СãóԣһûԹ
쵽ˣȻնϳԣĸ磬ǵðõɩؼңҸóԵģ
ϱǸԻѧְʱڲݶְһЩֽ̹գҲĳϿ˲Ƶ
ȲרҵҲʮֲ


19 
ĸš⡯˰죬ԼСõ׷ɶˣ
һ뵽С˵⡯˳ԣĸ̿ˮ޲ؼҾкԡ
ʱ˶ƴɻСֶСֶŮ
С̫С룬棬ӼʱС
ĸ£ȰԼСøļŴÿһŷֶֶŮҲ֪ǲַ̫󣬸ղžȻץǸ
ʮϡֹĴǡ
ֵǵĴ󻢡СѾѾɸˡ
ѾѾ᲻óǣǴ
󻢶ȲСǴ󻢰æŰǰ
һγζСǾΪˣԵĶˣŤŤСƨúóԣСúóԣ
һСԴʲôСúóԣǺóԣ
Ѿһ٣ĵܵԴҪȻһߴ
״ѾͷһתܵĸҪǣϧĸôţֶֶŮˣﻹǣ
ɩСӵʱע⵽ӳԵľȻǣгС壬ǣ
СɤŴһĸ硢ɩصȶ׷׿
ƼȷʵԵǣĸҲô¡
ĸֻʵСûˣղСøģ
СǣҾ֪һѱ
Ҳ֪Ҳ
Ҹ֪СͦţһҪ֪
ɩСɩرΪĸСµЩŲ
ĵĻǲ
ˣ﾿͵Сö㻨Ǯ
ô߹Ůģ
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̲˱һһӺãӰ˰飬ζͦģֺóԡ
һԣɫ࣬׼⡣
һϴɾ飬ֻһеĲС๻һÿ˳顣
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֮ǰļûͣҺüô㽴͡
⻹ԭϴδسǸģĸ˵һͨ

ҪͶ᲻÷ţʲôͣŸξͲˡ
ĸĽʡȣӰ÷ϡ
˽ͣˮû⣬Сͣ
ûã±ϺζӹƮ
ʹ˴ӵӰԽԽζЩˡ
֪ǲ̫ˣڸǽھʣҵģɶզô
ӰûüأＸСܲ
Сã
Сã
ԴӰ֮ǰ˼ֶֶŮǣֶֶŮʮ
ⲻӰڳæСܵһסš
ѾѾʮֶŶ濴
󻢶˿̿ˮսԡ
˻ûŸߣ󻢶ż⣬ץ̨ԣ̿ˮ
ǴӳڣûŹôζǻûԣԼͷˡ
һתСãɶ㰡
˵ĺצƿơ
ӰҪǹȣ̵ֶӣִһˮüСֶֶŮȰѺצӶϴϴ
óԵӰڼֶֶŮʮϣǳԣһԹ԰Լĺצϴĸɸɾ
ʱӰϴһһֶֶŮ
뵽Ǹĺĸǳĺĸ죬ԼֶֶŮҪÿȥ룬ӰĲС
һ̲ױȸֶӺֶŮӣûǳ
ӰɴʢСǰæζ
ӰҲŮֶֶŮУСι
һγԺļСܲͷͷҪˣһ۴С
̲ļСܲͷ۾ҲŷӰóȵʱ
ܲͷ۾Ķֱˡ
Сã
Сã
Ȱ㣬ĸҴһ¹ؼҡ
ź󣬺ԵζƮСԺ
ĸҴ硢¡Сꡢصȼŵζ׷׿̿ˮ
Թԣ
Сòʲôɣ
ҴʮֵᶼС˺⣿


20 
⵱Ȼˡ
ǻʱӰѾѺˣСܲͷʮһ⣬۾Բ̿ˮ
ӰѾĶǻˡ
Ӱô󻢶ȥơ
ԴӳӰյĴ󻢶
ĶȵСãȥ
˵ܣӰܣˤ
СҲĸԼҶܣӰæô󻢴ѾС
ԺĸĸԼɩɩѾСԺӾԱϴֺ
⾮϶Ǯġ
ϴ֣һݣȴƼǹͷǰǵʳȫɵˡ
֮ǰѾ𾪴һεĸλ㵭һ㡣
ɩСɩһѶӶɳۿˡ
ɩ̲סԹԣЩСýȥسģ
˵ʮּȥͲ
ô׵ϸһμؼֱĸϸã
ĸʱһѶǰǹͷҲɵˣûһ֡
ɩСҲæǰƣƼϸŵһѶǺö༤
ͬһɩСעϸֱװ
ЩСõǴĶŪģ
ﲻôǮСûģŵġ
СǷˣ
С˼죬ưͷǣֿƲ
Ҵỹɵء
ӰźݣѾ󻢰Ŷ˴Լ̲˱
Ӱ⼸ǺǴһ˳ɵˡ
һĿںʹϣֱ
̿ˮ
Թԣ궼ûԵĺ
ĸ˵ˣɫǽһ޲
ȻСõûкԡ
Ӱ硢ĸ硢ɩɩԳˡ
ĲЩ˵ˡ
ĸǰ⣬촽µŮЩĶģ
ǰ⻹ǹͷԵģ÷ѶǮϣ
⣬¶ٺϣ
ĸûԣ
ҲæԼҹŮЩ״Ķģ
ϰȻŮϰ鲻ôǮŮϹġ
ǰСãЩĶģ
ĸҲ׷䡣
Ӱ׼˵ǣѽȥس˷ӵ£Ȼ˰æ
ⲻ˼Ϊ˸лЩö
ӰʾҲƴǹˣ˼ʵ̫ˣû취ֻôؼҡ
ӰҲ²𴩣ȺӵģȥسǹʣҲġ
˵سôԶصسʡ
Ȼ
Ӱһ˵һ˻ˡ
µСãã
Ҵ硢ɩɩ׷׵ͷȴĸҭȥʲôãСϵĿ˷ӣÿҹŮû¡
ĸ˲ЩæԼҹŮû¡
ӰЦû£պиٰң
ĸ³һ˵ʲôһСѾȽ
󻢶Ҳܲסζæ̣ͬҺö
˶ȻûУɽǴǺ⣬ܵסɴһı߳ԡ
֮ǰĸڴɩСꡢɩԼһںĿȰϵİ桢ͷǵȶ

ĸնӰæѽʣ֥ʿС⣬˵֥ʿС⣬ʵִʮǮʮС
ʣ飬ӰɴȫֶֶָŮ
õСĴ󻢶СѾѾ໼Уæ±Լ̸ջȥ
Ӱ˼硢ĸԼɩɩ
Сû뵽˶ǳԣЩ˼
Ӱɼĸ˵һܴɩɩûٰϴףͳһ㣬ҲС
ĸԼҹŮ󷽾ЦˣŰЩŮԺԡ
뵽ôͷˡ
ĸǰӰæµظɻ̫ˣԵǺãֹѪǡ
Ӱ⻰ɰĸҴĸжˡ
СضЩ⣬ϾСĳɾ̫治ʡ
ɶóԵֻ͸ƲĽ֪࣬ԸֶֶŮһ㲻ʱˣûԹ
ڿСƺһЩӦòٸʲô֪Ͷ˰ɣ
ĸԼҹŮһӷôǺϡС⻹Щۡ
ԼҹŮֶˣҲüŮûԼҹŮַ̫ʲôˣæѹͷǡһЩ۽
ĸһݳ
ɶĵ˼ûˡ
ԵζһұǼܡ
ĸַ⣬˳ԼҹŮּ顣
Ӱȷֱĸ˿⣬ǳҵգ
ĸⳢһڣζ۾ɴŮҲ̫óˡ
ǰôûŮôˣ
ɱϰó̫ˡ
ĸȻζǳãһ뵽˶Ͼ۵ЩԲ¡
ĸ
ˣҲ׷УССۿҶˣĲҪˡ
ӰȴɩС죬ȸС飬ȻԼһ鵽ԡ
СῴԼСӸ˳ˡ
ӰԼĺ⣬֪ǲǳ԰Ⱥ̫ãĺֱ̫óԵģŴŴʶ壬óԵͷҪˡ
Ӱһ˾ãҴ硢ĸ硢󻢡ǴɩСضԼСãСãĺζˡ
ϴӪĺⶼóԡ
⣬Ա̲ӱóԵĹִ֣࣬ĸӵûûζҭɤӡ
æζã̫óˣĸʾԺͿԼ̲˾ôӣĸֱۡ
Ҵ硢ĸ硢󻢶ѾԵ̻ʣͷҲ̧ͷֱðҲûͣ
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ĸӱȳԵͣŮͣ޲ȥһۡ
Ӱ￴ĸ룬ʾǼ˻һСͰ͡
ĸһűһţĨǻС˵ûȷʵһСͰͣ
˵ĸ˲˵̻ʳ̲˱ǰզ֪Сóôã
ҪԺСÿ϶η̫ˡ
ûӰӵһûˣҲֻʣ֭
ĸñθɾԵĸɸɾӰ
ԡ
ĸֻÿ˰ʣµٳԡ
ߴóԵʮ죬֪İ÷ѩһ뵽Ӱһؼʼɣʮֲζ
ԭӰӸԣιȥԵģ֪ӰȻһ㶫û͸硣
÷ѩĲС
ص÷ѩ⵱˵˵Ӱس˲ٶش壬˴ӡ
һӣ˷׷ﷸԴ磬ܳԱˣﻹܳʲôӡ
Ľ಻мƳ˰÷ѩһۣɺɺӱ۲ˣӱ嶯ѿڶ÷ѩӰ˼벻ƽֲֻͶˣʱ壬Ҫȥ


21 
ڶ磬÷ѩӱȥٱӰЩ⣬ص֪۰ԡ
۰ԵµȻӰӦλ¡
λĿڣ÷ѩǽ֪δԼӰ׷֪ڹһϵķȫ崫ķз
֪㡣
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ⲻȰ÷ѩʣ÷ѩ˴㲻ǽ֪δޣӰ׷֪࣬ⲻİɣ
÷ѩɫһûüػ
粵֪ôܻӰ׷ֲ֪֪࣬ɵ
⻰϶Ӱڰ֪ǽǲɣ÷ѩΪͻкøСҲԼһϽ磡
ͬٲϵ֪ҲӰݰ÷ѩ
ʮͬ鰲÷ѩ
˾ã֪㼸˶վ÷ѩߡ
˵֪ƽã
ƽư֪ͬϵʮֲһ㣬ܲδޣ
˵֪Ӱ׷ԼδɵӲŸ¡
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֪࣬Ӱô㣬ɵСɱǰôɵͷΰýá˾ǶߣһСľͷҧһڣ
÷ѩһӰΪʲôҪңѵҰæԼûӦ
÷ѩ⡯һ仰ȴ֪˶ըˡ
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ͬĹϵô
ô۸˵ô֪࣬ҿӰǿƢ̫۸㡣
֪
ΨĽ֪û¡
ĽӰӡ˵ò̫ã˵㻵ֻŮ̫ԡ
֪֪಻ϲϸŴŲŰǸɶ
ڰ÷ѩͬһݴôãð÷ѩ١װ˼Ҳ
ŪһСѾͷȫпܡ
ҪҹŮ˵÷ѩ֪ͬлԼ»ҹŮ׷֪ࡣ
÷ѩʲô
뵽ЩҹŮڴĽĪһ󷢺
Ľ໹֪Լⴥ֪࣬һ氲÷ѩַӰĹΡ
ʱٲҲɫʮѿ尲÷ѩ÷ѩӰŮ˼ԺԶ㣬ģһع
磬ҹŮֶЫŮˣҺûմϣͬ
ɺɺҲͣӰᵽ
÷ѩۼ֪˶ַӰҲԽӰġĿˡ
뵽ЩӰԽԽƯı仯ýȥӰ
οӰȥ׷Щ顣
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֪Ϊʲô÷ѩܾӰǱһˣøˣƿء
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ǣҺýһֱûӰŮˣҪȻӰŮܸҪߵ
ٲҲԼȥֻعϡ
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˵ее㽾ƽն˻ͦòġ
дϸ룬ҹŮѾͷʲô֪ͽ֪ġ
λ֪ƺҹŮڴøõģＸӶӳΪҹŮǽŵͬ˸
Щ÷ѩɫķ࣬ϧԼ⣬ɴµʵ̫ࡣ
÷ѩֻϣӱĶ㣬ֻҪܰӰٱԺֻԽԽ
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糿˰ʣµİӶˣÿ˰ѹԲҹ
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ˮӰˮٹûտˮˣӡ
ͷɹĺܣҲˣӰСȥˣһ˼
ĸ˵£ɼҲûɶϺò׹ȥذæ
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ĸԼҹŮСֻĸζŮҸö
ǾҲǸ﹤ˡ
⼸ŮڴһЩĸ˻ʹ϶϶϶ϱؼһˡ
׼϶϶ϱŮҸ˶
ҪŮɹˣҶ
Ӱ֪ĸⷬĸĳ֪ĸڴҪ˵ס
Ӱ֪æһ˻֪ʲôʱؼ緹
Ϊմ緹æһŻĶǣ󲿷ֶǼͷ
Ӱɴȥ׼緹һȥ
һЩӪʳȥ
ϧʼ߽ȱûİ֪ĸص
ֻð̲˼ӱ
ȻѺˣ̲ˢһһӡ
ûãӺһ
Ӹɣպһˮ˵ӲǷžȷһڣ̫𣬵еζеζڴͦúȵġ
Ӱͷ࣬ԼӺõһ̲˱鵽˼룬һֻһˮȥ
˨Ժŵʱ򣬻ھӻƴԵɶզô㣿
ھӻƴǸ黹Ůˡ
ҵȫ෴ƴŮһӣⲻǱŮǲݡ
߷ôŮƽҲզϵҲһ㣬ӰȻʵ˵
˶ʼɣڶԷǰӰ˵˼ˡ
ӰԶƴﲻ˳һѾͷʵϣһģһֲþǽǵĹ޵ĺãޣ
һɻԵĺãɻҲۡ
Ҵ硢ĸ绹ԼҹŮСãգֻӵִ̲Ҳˡ
֪ǲҴ硢ĸ̫ӰûƼӰӰ
ĸȼ󺰣Сã
ĸһɻ˼æ̧ͷ
ӰѾӺˮ﹡ԣ󻢶СԼѾѾΧסӰСá
ӰһһӦˣЦݳĸҸ緹ˣ
Ӱûãǰ治Զָ·ҹŮ
ûãˣȥ˵иӰ˽һ֪ӱȻٱٱֲֻɻˣʱ壿


22 
Ҫ֪ˣʱʮص£һñɲӰ˻Ӱȫҳɷ֡
²ڴ֪ը˹ڸճִ̲΢˿˿ˮը˹
ĸһԼҹŮٱ׬ֵ˼ûˣҪһͬԼҹŮһȥ
Ҵ硢ĸԼɩҲʮּ
Ҵ硢ɩӺͺ׬֣ĸСùȥ
;У˵ʵӰҲû뵽ӱȻȥٱٱֲֻɻˣʱ壿
ͬԷμУӱӡԸֳ嶯խС䣬ʮͷ
ӱͻȻԵ޹ʾٱ˵ûţɵӱѡǰ÷ѩ
Ͼû簲÷ѩԸѡӡ͹ȥ
÷ѩһ·Լװˡ
뵽Ӱ۵׽䡣
¼Сһֱ˵ΪˣæοСã£һĸ˵
ĸǸȻ۹Ůģһ·ѾٱԼҹŮŮ֪˸ٱ飬Ůһֱ˲˵ҲĵŮ£һúͬʲô߶߶ۼҿƶũɷָܸܵĺãɶ£
˵䣬ӰѿԶӱɫ⣬վŲˡ
峤Ӵӳڡ
˴峤Ӵӳ⣬вٴΧۡ
עĿмиɽװڴϹһֱֻʵĹӦþʲôˡ
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ȼһûӰȻ࣬ҲƯ࣬ü۽ģͷںڣ۽΢카ˣ
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˵ӱгεΣʴˣ˶֪Ӱƽɻˡ̰ͼ˼벻ȷӦýܸ졣
βĸĸǻӰȳλεΣĸӣһŮƽնȷʵһЩϵһѧǻѧϰСȷʵûôɻѾ֪˵Ĳףÿ춼ŬѧŰæֵĻҪΪשߣ岻ݴǡ
˵ĺãαϲ˼ϵˣټһ̶ȶòЭᡣ
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Ӱӻӱͬ־ҳðײ㹥ҵ㣬ƫȫóð׵˼붼
ӱƿԣͷ˵ǣһƤҲͦ𪣬һٱﲻɫԽԽ졣
Ӱһ
תͻȻӱͬ־Ȩ㹫˽𱨸ң뱨ңûվǴ⣬⼸ãҶգȴΪСС˷Ѵҵʱ䣬һʳղͻȻ´꣬𣿡
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ҹŮĻԽ֪Ա˳û¸ɺ
ῴӱ񶼲üͷӱͷ󺹣ҡ
ͬ־ʲôˣҪԼ⳥յʧʮֻ˵Ķԣջ̫۹ⲻɻȥٱҡӱͬ־˼ŲҪܸ죡
ӱۿԼ۵ʱñӷԷ۵Լͷϣð̣ڼæҪ⡣
ӰûиᣬμΣ峤ӳǸΪҵµ˷ǵʱˣ
ͬӰȣӱٱľٶԽԵ
ʱԶ˹ҹŮиսĳͽˣ˵Ǹлӡ
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֮ǰֻ׷֪໹˼ǽǣ峤ʹӳ⺢ӱˡ
û뵽⺢ӾȻ˷Ⱥӣɼ⺢ӻʵϵģ֪ǲ˴峤ʹӳһЩʱ䲻ŮԽԽˮƯƤڱȳ˻һЩϱôŮ
Ϊĸĸ缱Żȥ
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ĸ⣬ɴĸ£ȥдˡ
ĸ뿪Ӱ峤ʹӳ壬壬εǲ˼˷ǵʱˣ֪ҿñӸҾˣҪΪҵ´զ죿Һûң
Ӱ㵽Ϊֹȴô峤ʹӳ˶ͷ亹ֱð֮ǰӱԽ״Щһʼû롣
ҪӱٱɹˣһΪǰҹŮզ죿
˸ջͬӱ֪࣬Ҵȿ֪Ϣȥũ졣
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ҲλǼΣüȥһũ졣
ԼСһϵвĸĿɿڴ
ĸ磬ߣǸûؼˣ
СãҲ̫ˣĸһʼԼСóԿ뵽Сȫѹλ֪࣬λֱ֪ȥũˡ
սСɶʱôˣеɪɪզ죿


23 
ʮҪɼҲҪдˣҪͶɴ໻ȥ
ӰȻû
ĸҲʮֲȻƽԹɸƫʱûٹ
пյʱ֮ǰľƣպ´ο߳˻ʰ˰÷ѩ˳ϴԼ
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Ӱһ·ĸȥﻻ
һ·ȴҪȥũλ֪ˣڴλ֪ƽոɻһֱĥ͵
ũ죬զϣ
ũأ͵ȫܡ
ĸһ㲻ͬλ֪ࡣ
ҪСùũĿɾСˡ
ĸֻĬĬλ֪
˭֪಻Ա˳û¸СûȥٱСã´Ҳ֪ٱģҲ֪զġ
һĸе֪ԼҹŮСãû£µķλٱ˵֪ࡣ
һӳ˶ڷˡ
ˣ˻֪սһͽҵлˡ
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Сõĵˣϴϸͻؼҡ
һֹ
ʱִֹ̲˱˿˿΢ˮ
˵Ҵ磬ǴɩСɩԼһȺӶԼˡ
˵ҴԽùŮСãɡ
̲ͨ־Ȼӵִ㣬б˿˿ˮڴһˡ
ɩС
ɩҲԼСӻ룬Ȼˮŵı˿˿һڱˬ졣
˸ղȵĲУ˺ü롣
˻ǾСַ̫󣬾Ȼˮǡ
ڴ󻢶СԼѾѾӿɰȱ˿˿Щ΢ˮˡ
ҪǼ˿ţܰһˮꡣ
󻢲Ըȣ͵͵һ԰ĺֵ¿˰룬΢˿˿ˮ¿ȥˡ
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ӰЩҲӦҲ֪һﺢȡСǵֱӺޣҪôʲôѾ
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ԵĻ׼˿˿΢ˮӰڼֶֶŮԽ
ǰ󻢶ѾѾԼСߴա
Լ˵СܰѳԵ͸֪ԣǳԣȻСɶ
СʱʱܸǳԵĳԣȥʲô֪ˣ󻢴ѾѾϲڵСˡ
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Сղźȿˮȵеˡ
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ӰͻȻԼسǼ˼ƿ̵ͦõĺӣ֮ǰ˷ӽĸ߼Ʒɫ˿˵ϴ̳ǵ
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ӰСɩСô󻢴¿ˡ

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ĸ緹ֻһˣʣµļűӰˮݹȥԼĸųԡ
ŮصңӰϳݺˮĽĸǱСһ
Сһﻹǰ۵ģʮֿɰֹɣڽĸ
˽ĸǱиİˣ˹ٳòɫװͦ쵼Ƶģǵˡ
ݺˮĽĸҸŮһϳ˾ӵС
ĸվ彪ܵϽŮǶӡ
ͬҸŮкߴкߴƼվŵСģЩԾ
ڽСȻżӣһž°Сȫˡ
˵
ţοСﳤʵǺã˳Ľûһسǹﳤ඼Сﳤûõġ
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Ǹʵͽˣһƽôɵˣʱ֪˵ɶˡ
ӰǲؽĻýӡͦá
ĸСǱƻϵӰ㱧
ĸ˼ӰȴϲӹСһᱧźš
״ԽǰСкøˡ
˭СΨһ׶ӣôϲС
˵Ǳؼң֪ԼΨһӲ㱻˷ಡųˡ
Ӳ磬ͬĸòײŵõĶӣƽտĸһԼҡӡһĶӻᱻ
νʮָм
صҵСл
ⲻӰһһѶ֪жмˡ
ƼһѶ龫ǰǻа̾ƣѹҪ
οϴŮѾˡ˼ҶһΣ
ȴֵ磬ŮĺãҺϴسŮæҪȻΨһĺӶˣԺӿô
⻰˵ĸĿˣĸСﲻ֪мϣ
ĸм̫̫мⲻԼҶҵ˼ҼţԵл׼˲ٺ
ĸСҲ֪ϴСͬٵĹϵˡ
СģĸеýҲô죬ĸҲûðȻ˵ڡ
ʱĸӳһС
ʱĸ۵ĲУ˼ôֻ˼Һȿˮ
ĸû뵽Сһа
ϸ׵İĸŶЩԾô׵İ̫ټˡ
ĸֻΪСҰѹ׵ĺû˳дǣԽʵϡ
ĸдĸӰСǱȥԺ͵͵ӿռóСͷιСһ
Сͷִ໹Сһϲˡ
СһСҸԣֻ˼ųζͲˡ
㣡ҪԣǱ
ӰʾûˣǱŴ۾ƣɰӰȻˡ
ûӰǱȥʱĸƾܶĸϴιŮһ˼ҵա
Ӱ֪һû˼˵Ҫ治˵ΪʨӴ󿪿ڣ񣬽ܰģӰԥĸ
뿪ʱǱ᲻ӰˣӰ͵͵СͷСһﶵʱĸ϶֣ᷢСһƳԡ


24 
Ƚߺĸ΢һ½͵񣬵ȷֲ̡ơ桢龫ǡͷϡĶȻвʳƷƱ͹ҵƱ
ʳƷƱ϶Ҳù⹤ҵƱ͹̫ˣ϶⹤гǴòʵֵġ
ĸ¹Ҵ硢ĸɩƼҵһƷԼҵƱ־ϲ
صҵĽĸûþͷԼҶӶСͷǱСһҲˣˡ
һ彪ĸģرóԣ
ĸӰĺøмֱ̫á
ҲСʵڲ̫̫͸ˡ
ĸʱϽ˵ҸСýզ
²Ȥ̫̫ڵ֪СͬϴεľٲӺҲ˫޳ɵģæԼҶӹûĸƷòõСӡ
˵Сӿɶ˾ĹˣȢһ¹СﳤٺãС⣬Ը⣿
Խˮ
ȻҪԺкʲȢ¹Сӣæġ
ûСӽܣ̫̫ͽĸҲûʵѡСýҲֻʱˡ
÷ѩڰ˲ŵ֪ӱȥũģʱ
֪ӱȻǹֱӾٱӰ͵͵ٱţ÷ѩӱĴҲ˸µ֪
ֻԼû㼸䣬ֺӱ̫ûӰͽũ졣
ӱȥũ֪˲СĲ
Ҷ֪ӱԻȥٱӰġ
֪֪ȻӰûɶøУʮٱ¡
Ҫ֪ӰǺ
ˣӱҪٱɹ˭֪ǻ᲻ӹ֪࣡
֪һôҲûɶ
ӱȥũֻ֪˵С͹ȥˡ
Ψ÷ѩȴĲУټĽָʧÿҪգƤɹԽԽڣûǰˣ÷ѩһһ컵
￴˭͵ָˡ
ⲻʱɺɺֻ˵࣬÷ѩʱֱơ
ֱĶЩĪˡ
˵ʱÿͿѩһЩ
÷ѩƤЦⲻЦͻȻզࣿ
û룬Ϊ÷ѩʮָ˴Լб׵Ķط
÷ѩԽԣû̵վӾԼʡ
תһֹȥ˰µβˡ
ʮֲ;һֻ˵С꣬ѹӰա
֪㻹ֳ£Ҳǰ÷ѩַˡ
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һûӰӰ飬෴֣ͦҪһֱҧȥˡ
꣬Ͻ˹Ƿʳˡ
շգÿ˰ִӴӰʳؼңˡ
ӰҲǣҴ硢ĸ統쿸ٽصʳؼңɰĸֻˡ
һ̲Ӱʮ׷ζ
ϧûӰФ׷Щϸȫĸɼǧˡ
Ӱᡣ
ҺȽϾϲǣ֮ǰڷƷվĿ̻ƺԼϵͳ֮ǰĻƷ˿ϴ̳ǵ̡
緢ֳ˻Ʒ⣬ƺӺ˿ܵĢ
˳ȥٶʮǮҲٶʮ֡
Ģ٣ûǮٶʮǮ󲿷ֶӺ˿Ǯ
Ӱ̳˲ٰ桢׺͡桢ǡֺö
ϧûó
ϴξȺӸһýڣһʱ벻Ѷóɡ
ӰоԼҪһݹ
ҪܽӪϰ͸ˡ
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ʮͨΪһȵ컹ѵ£ҪǮҪ
˶õ٣ø㻻λ
һҪǳ˸ˣǶǷǳ˲õ¡
ӰΪеͷۣпеĸпոԼҹŮСˣÿ͵һˮ󵰾Ǹһ龫
ĸҲи壬١
ѾѾŮ͸˵ˡ
Ӱȥˣɴ͵ĸһ龫˵Լÿʡ¡
ĸΪ棬ⶫŮԼģĸ᲻⣬ȣƤһЩ
Ӱɲ֪ĸѾŸҶˣĸȥسǴˡ
һ龫ӰпʱʱԼһȻСֶСֶŮҲ¡
ɰѴ󻢶СѾѾֵĲС
Ӱһʱʱ龫СһԣСһҲٸݸݣһ㣬ƵͷҲһЩ
Ӱгɾ͸С
СֶСֶŮҲԽϲΧӰתȾôɩСɩضЩᡣ
Ҳ֪СۼֶֶŮˣԼҺ˵Сʱʱǳ龫
ټСû÷沿СҲԽ˳ۣȻеĸƫģСöԼֶֶŮõҲû˵
Ψһɻ
ƤǸ˵㣬ûǰôͣûС׳ѽ
ʱ䣬СҲ֪ɶԽԽãƤǰ׵Ļᷢһ
ǰ˵ᷢϰ߿˵żϸСƤǽһףسǹﶼȲСðס
զСģԽԽһС־촽ҲЩ죬Ĩ˿֬һ
ҪСƤ£ǻΪСõģˡ
ʱС̫۴ۣ˵ͬ־ˡ
ҺСò󰮳ŻΣϲ
Ӱ֪ɩְֹ֮Ҳһֺһθ¶
θ¶ûһЧãЧҲʮֲ
ø¶ˮϴͷһͷڷĿɺˣĸĻʮûͷûûڵˡ
ͷһڣⲻҲԽƤô
ò׷ʳ嶬С
嶬СûսпյĿУӰҵ֮ǰ洫ľˡ
ҲʮֳԼҹŮɶҲûʣпյʱһһģһСľơ
ûӰ÷ѩ
ϣӰĸе֪ﾹȻɩڳ˸׶
˵ԷʲôˣϺˣĸӣʾﳵȥس࿴
ը˹С׶Ǹ׵Ĺ˺СɰҸֻˣһСúҲͦϣСü޵ĺãԺüմ⡣
Ϊˣĸصػ׼һɫı㡣
˵ʵӰϱ޷װƣѹͲĴ䣬οɫôϲɫֲǽ飬״ʲô
ӰҲܾ߳ĸ
ڻС׽飬Ҫˣô
ĸȻ᲻۹Ů˵ĸͶľ⺢ӣĸԼҹŮ޸ö
кûᣬĸþܾԼҹŮͷߵŮ˵ɩҵĶϺˣҸõĿɲףǾȥسƣҪʵڲ⣬Ҳ㣡
Ӱ˵Сһ
Σ䣬Т˳ĺúӣͬף񣬽Сʱˣ
Ӱ


25 
ջǢԶسǵҶȴ˲С
»Ϊյ֪ԼϱСýܵ˾Ȼøǿ
ǿҲʶΣ֪ԷǸйŮ򣬸ͷҲߣһ㣬ҲϼҴڼãǿƢҲ
СҪ޽ռҿûɶӹ
֮ǰŻôҪ½죬⼸ѯ˼ΣСýܵĶر㡣
Ÿҳﴫ뵽ϱȻƭ
ѻĺܡ
ټǰЩĸǻش壬ϱǲش壬Ҳ˲ٻ
»ɻһ粻ըŹˡ
ͶĸСýʲôʮᷳͬʱҲѹƲǸСӣǿﲻˣ˼ҺôǸˣСأɶǣҲպϣһǿƲСأңسǲСǿ˵أ
ôˣôǿǸˣҲСһ¹䲻ǿء
Ҳ˵С¾׷һƲ֪࣬ɰѼ˵ˡ
Сûһøеġ
ǿһ䲻СãҪͷ飬һ򣿡ŭ
ò˵Щ꣬ĸɹľǰѼĸТ˳ѼϴԳÿأС쵼ϡ
ԸҰҪҵõԸȢһ¹ĹС
ȷʵԸңе̫ˣûڴء
ֻӲͷƤﳵȥ
ˣҪСƲǿԸСҸ˺С

ţʵҲеˡ
ʵһʼȻᷳСãҲҪҪҸȽϺõСӡ
ֹ˵ʲôʲôǣ
ԺСһ椲֪鷳ˡ
Сýø硣
ôһ˵ҲͦеǿܸСá
ҶﳵصСԺſڼСãҶһѹСá
ӰٲҲ˳ĸúôһ
ڴҲǼ򵥵ͷ·
Ӱɼʱе黨裬ȴûĸ׼Ĵɫ¡
ԭ·˱Ƚµİ׳ɫĿӡ
׳֮ǰĶһЩĳеԭеİ׳ʱʱࡣ
ƤףͷںڣëŨϸ׳ϸָ续ü۸עĿ
翴ĶЩֱ𾪣ǰһССã
磡զ˵Ӱ˵Ҳǰ磬֪ǲѪԵϵһ۾öԷͦ׽ġ
ɵ۵ʱ򣬼СֶԱЦ
һһǵȥֶСҴ硢ĸ缸Ҫһ綼ȥأɩСɩҲŸߡ
ֻʣĸӰͼֶֶŮ
СͲСһǰæˡ
ĸһҲȥֶСûȥسǡ
϶úСÿöҪǺʣ´ξöԷҰݷá
ҶӰĸĻֻɽ
Ҷ飬ӰΣ治ô鰡һ뵽׵ٶȼ죬ӰĻŵ
ҶﳵӰˣĸȥֶС
ȥس·ϣҶԽС
ǿֱ̫̣ˡ
֮ǰȻΪСҺö
СòҲС﹤ˣ
ҶԼСǿܶԷȻǸˣǸиŮ˿ӣԷﲻǣﻰⰵʾռҲǸȥ
ﳵߴԤСãҲƹҪⲻҪ´ζ϶ҸõĹС
ⷬ͸׵ĻӰʱøС
ͬʱƺʮֲܵζӰҲȷʮ֮˾Ųܵġ
磬ǾǶɩˡ
ж绹ͦס
Ȼ˵ͲˣҪܾĸҲ
֪ˣ磡
СʱسǣԼСȥԼõ˱ȽٵĺȲĵꡣ
Ѿ˵꣬ǿȻûԽ
ԶڲƼԼҡɩӡͬһİһչĲ˲úȲ裬׼ȥԼųš
Ҫ֪Ůʮ֮˾Ŷ׵ġ
Ӱ˿ʮӣǿ١
ǿЩ顣
֮ǰǿƲô椡
ƼʮֳƯСǿ۾ֱˡ
Ҳһ˵Сóһôզ
úҲܵԣ椡
۵׵ĲмǿȴЩе磬⡭ã
ͷ˵ǣǿڵĳӶˣ֪СóôƯĻôٹ
뵽˵С椿϶˵ݣǿЩˡ
ʱ磬Ҫ˺úģ
ͦ
ģ׵ķ׾һһзŮ˵˵˵
ҪǺʣٽһ
ԼС۹⻹ͦߵģӦƲǿּԼСߣʱҲˡ
ճţƼԶһʮֳָߴľٹֱ
֮ǰôףĸ˶ûϣǰٸʺ
ϧѹûһۣʹҴҽ˲ꡣ

ӰŶԷһԽʮʾʲôˣÿʮ壬Ҫôô
ҪŮŵһλڲҪӣõһ̥ǸӣҪӣҪТ˳ǮҪϽ
Ӱ̲ס﷭˸ۣ֪ɩܵĶôףô
ӰӰҪҪ϶ԷҸˣ̧ͻȻƼһͦθߴüı硣
ⲻϴжûλų
ôɣ
ӰԥҪҪкͻȻĿԣӰҪͬԷкͼԷĿ΢ɨ˼ͻȻ뿪ꡣ
Ӱ
ðɣ˼ѹˣȻӰԼ˼ǲס
Ӱû룬ֻΪԷϴжû£Һõûô档
СãͦģҾŰǵ¶ôǿСģ޲Ͷ¡
Ӱû뵽Ըһ񣬶ԷȻѾᵽҪȥˣǻˣ
ҪܾʱһߴӰͻȻ
ӰͷȥߴͦεĳųȻȥ
ǿʣ棬ǿ㣡
ǿһӰſƣƼſиϤӰܳꡣ
ǿղŵλãͳдԵʮ꣬Ŀǰְλų¹һ壬һ٣˴ǧĿǰԺʶϽϱԶϱһͬ־ԸͬҴô
Ӱ


26 
Ӱȫûϵôķչ
׶ھ˳ų,λųһͬ˵𴦶¡
һӦ£ڶӦǶԷǮ
ղλͬ־һ˵¹ʮ飬֪ΪԷʼټǧ
ʮʮǮ¹Ҳʮѵò,ȶԱˣʵ
ȶǰλų,
ӰʱûõӦĳͷ΢,ðƽһôš
һγҲûĽȸС
ûõԷӦҲ϶С쾹ȻͬΣʮ㡣
Ҫܼʱ֪ͨ,δϱҪˡ
Ŭȡͬ־Ҿͦʺϵ,뷨أ
˵ͳɤӰǡ
ӰڣԷֲһ,Ȼżպ壺ֻҪԸͬҴ,Ժʲôģ
˳Ӣֺÿһ˵ʲôġӰ⧲汻Ҷ˶
ͦģ϶ԶԷͦкøС
ͬûɶ
뻻ǶԷʲôѹ,ٶֿ졣
ԭЩɡ
ʱǰüĳųʮг֣سŵ,ӰĶˡ
˵Ҫϱһʮ߰ٿǽ£ѹ,ĸҲܲˡ
ҲپףԷжȻͬס
ղλ׵׶ǰųʵϿ,ƷҲб֤áãӰԽԽĶ
Ӱ˼շת䣬ͷðκԽǰСﲻͬ⴦ԺŬȡ
֮϶ǰС
ȻһоͶ˿ᡣ
ڳϣԺŬȡʱһ𣺡˲¹ﵱô
·תϷ
ƽȣҵԸĸһҵѡ񣡡
ԷĸӦҲˣ
ӰϹ¶һЦݣѽųǸ¹ͬҴĻԸ⣡
Ը⡯⧲ڳϣҵϲĻŭļⷢ
Ӳʮ˲࣬Ŀֱ㶿ǰѾС鲻Խ
ʶ˵ͷ籨ȥ鱨档
˸մ϶ҲʲôСļԲȶ
һһ̫ļѶܣҪ೦ӡ
ѹĽȸС
ǰСȻԺϱ˽ֻ⡣
ȳ˲꣬ӰпԼȻǸжˡ
һͦθߴʮаȫеˣӰ黹
Ӱ鲻͸ˡ
ԴСӦͬǵЦݾûʧһ侲۵ҲЦ⡣
ϧϰϲŭɫ
ʹٸˣɫЦ
һδûɶ飬еţĿһͿ򣺡ȥߣ
Ӱͷ磺ԣ
ʵ˵Ҳ֪Ķ䣬ʱʩٵĿߵسǹ⡣
ԷߣӰΪԷҪŽȥ
ǵȶԷߵֱĹ̨ԱһŮʿֱӰžòԡ
ŮԱƳǾ٣ƽ۾ͷԱ̬ȺõĲУĿĽӰ
Ҫ֪ܼ޾ٵ¡
˵ǰʵڳøӢҲж󣬿ɱǰ٣Ǳȵˡ
˱ˣ
Ӱȫ֪ǰԱ뷨
еһŷ٤ŮʿֱȳԣӰûˡ
ֱ뵼֮ĵӲƷʮְһֱҪһٶࡣ
ŷ٤ƷֱӰҪټƱ
ҪǽҴٶֱؼңթ
ëǮһϣ˵ٿǮֱ
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27 
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ĸմ򿪹ǣƼһаˮ˶ɵˡ
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ֻĸʱƼǰˮȼֱҪ̫ۣŮַզôأ
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ӰԶԶƼ÷ѩŶʼɵҪ΢΢򴽣֮ǰصɽв˽ӡ
ڴҶֶС󣬴ûɽ
ٲ˵¶԰÷ѩĻɣֲ֪㣬϶ˡ
λԵĴӦæֶС⣬ʱҲ˷ѼҰĺ¡
Ͼʮѵã˲۶ˣģ
ֻҪλ֪ͼλ߶Ĵﵽͳɡ
ð÷ѩѶԭĶ³⣬Ҵ÷ѩĿô˶֪Ŀ˳ϴԭ
Ժ÷ѩԭ׬ôֻ붼롣
Ӱôô
Ӱҵµأҵڼæ緹ҲŹģ
Ȱ÷ѩ˵Ӱֱ⣺÷ѩҪҵ׷֪ôɽ֪಻ϲңֻϲδޣ
˵һ䣬ӰһȻˡ
ĵģð÷ѩ١
ҲǣⱲӿɲϱӣⱲӽѹϲӰˣƯ϶Ҳϲ
Ͼͬͬʹġ
÷ѩϱӽ֮ԲӰҪԭӰ㽯ͬʹࡣ
Ⱳӻ϶Ҳ
÷ѩ˼תĿϣΪľƣӰôԽ
ôȺӰľƸ
Ӱ𼱣϶ϲģ֮ǰ֪㽯绹˵㲻ٺûӡӦҲҪô˶ϧ
һת÷ѩЦݼ˵ͬ治Ǵ˵δޣ֮ǰǸ飬ֻǸ絲һģһֱҵãһֱ㵱ɩӣҪͬһ͸ˡ
÷ѩһֱ֪ͬһôӰ½ٲʹＸλţһ顣
ȻӰζ޸統ɩӣ÷ѩ
ݶĽٲͼλԴ÷ѩʾӰɩӡ
ɫĽٲλԴֱֹϣǲòࡣ
ԭҹŮû˵ٻλ֪ĶҹŮ׷֪ģ
ƭҹŮ˵֪ͬ಻ʲôδޡ
ҲֻҹŮɵѾͷš
ⰲ֪۾˵Ϲƭ˿˵ı̫ˡ
ҪǽǹҰ˳ԣ֪λ֪ǰ˺ģ
ЩҹŮڹǽǵĻλ֪Ƶġ
զô
ǻΪⰲ֪֮ǰ˶ίûλ򱧲ƽ
Ǿ˵Դⰲ֪˴ҹŮǰúõȫˡ
ⰲ֪˼̫̫ˡ
ڼλΪ֪ưܻҹŮͲˣ֪ҹŮ
ˣ÷ѩ֮ǰ˵ҰѶת͸磬Щ֪ļɡǡԲԼ龫вƱʳƷƱ㶼ô
ɶ
ҹŮȻֻЩɡ͹ɡǡ龫ƱʳƷƱ
ҵϡ
Ůզôܼϣ
ӰָԭͳĶһԸ©ʵ
÷ѩüͷ΢ӰΪɶЩѲǻ
ôһ룬÷ѩӰ˴ܻ
÷ѩԥܵȻˣӰЩȫתˣҲתˣûڽǰ˵ûأ
Ӱ޹˽֪࣬˵ûѽ
÷ѩϵЦ˲佩ϡ
Ӱ֪࣬ôһֱҲϵľϣҼ洫ľƣϴԴҸȥľƲˣ˻ˣˣˣƵǽҵŵġ
Ӱһð÷ѩɫ׽˻ˡ
׼ӰľƣǿҪȻӰô֪ôǾͲҪˡ
ʱ׹է𣬰÷ѩȥӰľƣߵϴôôûôȥľƸңľƸң
ݶԼλ֪ƭҹŮĺöտ߯Ҫˡ
ת۾λ֪޲ҹŮȥ˼ҹŮ洫ľƣҶ֣һˡ
ٲ
ٲǲţ۵ƽİ÷ѩ˺Ȼô˼
ҹŮȥ
ٲæ𣺡÷ѩ


29 
ٲϤڰ÷ѩз·,
ʱӰҵľƣľʹλᡣ
ͬӰ˺´õͲˡ
˲ͬٲ,ӰѹڵּۿӰľơ
ľƺ߱ϣӰ۵ġ˻һ,÷ѩڵ档
ľƵְ÷ѩϲʧͬٲ͡
ȴϽٲѿɫ
,ô⣿
÷ѩһϰƹ磬Ӱ˺ң
ձ粵һԴＸԵĴﾹȻҲӲݶԳ
÷ѩȻҲϳ⼸λǴԵˣɫ,ٲɫҲ΢䣬Ȼû뵽ﻹˡ
ἸλͬŮ,ɵŮǰúõȫⰲ֪Ƹˡ
üö׷֪࣬޳ܵİ֪,
洫ĶҪ,ҹŮȥ
ϣϣŮ֪ĳǵжϡ
λǰλ֪ӡжãӡж
һסһӶûôһֻװŮ֪ࡣ
˵λ֪࡮ıƺһ㲻š
˵ӰһǺˣҾ㲻ݹϵ,Ҳͬġ
ÿҰɽ߿˿,Ƽλ֪ɽˣŲڲݶ档
˭ôһԡ
Ҫǽ,ѹλģİ֪ྐྵȻôݵЫĳ
λæӰƼһŰƯȾˡ
զ⺢ô׻ôƯˣ
ɫǾȻûƼ
᲻ǹųʱ
˵,⺢ɫҰײҰһܾŵģǵļλϧˣ
ҹŮû°ɣ
ò㺰
ģۼ֤һί
λԴĻ÷ѩȴŵɢ
һ뵽ղ˵ЩӰȥĻȫ⼸λ
⼸λ»µȫ嶼ǡ
ƫƫ˴ＸλҲڡ
÷ѩͶûô죬˵ղŵĻ;ٶʵĲٴʵ
÷ѩڵĳӶˣѹԼӰɽ
͸ɫػر䣬֪뵽ʲô÷ѩŭѿڶӰǲң
ԣҪȻһûʲôȥĺɽȴƫƫǡýʹԵļλﶼڡ
÷ѩԽԽޣĿӰίƯ޲ץ
ԱӰ÷ѩͱ˲֪ڸĵ̬ôＸλͽٲʮֲ
ϣ֪࣬զôҪɶҹŮǲ۸ϰˣ
߯ҪˣĻ֪࣬ޣ
ǰװĵͦģģԭα¶ˣҹŮиﻹӰŮҸ˵Ժǰ˺˿ǧ
÷ѩżλָɣɫ׽òʣӰȴЩЦϷȥ
÷ѩ
磬ǵģӰңң÷ѩĻͬٲ⡣
ϣƼ翴
ٲǰ԰÷ѩŲɣղŰ÷ѩӰЩÿֶ
ǰ÷ѩΪһֱô
һ뵽÷ѩǰôŪɫѿ
һֱΪ÷ѩǵˡ
Ϊ˽ȴĶӰ׷ϣйӰͷϣӰĹضӰתƱʳƷƱԼ͸
жжžжЦ˵ĳЩƱʳƷƱòʡµġ
ô֪÷ѩôƭ˻ô޳ܣ
밲÷ѩһβǱҹŮ˵ûʵҹŮԽᷳ
ҹŮĺˣǰҹŮƷ⣬룬Щȫǰ÷ѩƿӵġ
ЩԶԶ÷ѩΪӰ洫ʲôľƣλӰȥ
÷ѩⷬЫĳĻֱľ󱳷Ҳװ÷ѩôͶӰʲôľƶ
ٲĿ⸴ڵӰϣƼٲһ
ֻӰڼλ°С԰ֳģýٲҺݺһ
Ⱳ󣬰÷ѩµľǽϲӰƼٲȻӰ
÷ѩŵֺ޵ӺڸղľƵʱȻûץ
ûô硣
ľѾˣⱲӰٱҲٹ硣
ȴӰšԼæ÷ѩҵľƣ÷ѩ㻹ľƣ
ӰԽţ÷ѩн
Ӱۿͨ죬ֻλľҼ洫ĶҵһֱҺúñܵģǰҰҪòã
λﱾϧ᲻ͬ⡣
һð÷ѩ洫ʲôľƻӰֱʾҪһǸߴ峤峤ˣҲ
ٲҲȥ÷ѩľơ
÷ѩ᲻֪ľƽǱסˡ
ʶæԼѪľͿϧöûɶ
÷ѩֻΪľƿӰûа취á
ôһ룬÷ѩǺ޶Ӱ
ӰƺһҪǰ
÷ѩ˺ĳȻⱲòⶫҲӰˣۼԽԽƯ
Ӱ棬÷ѩԥľɼأںɽ¡
ҵľƣӰһʹ
÷ѩһϵоٶļλͽٲĿɿڴ
⡭⡭֪Ҳ߯ˣ
ٲҲ÷ѩˡ
Ӱۿͨ죬Ǳʹ£ٲƵƵӰƣԽԽ̡
Ӱܿͬλ鷳Һҵһֱ÷ѩõѣû뵽Ȼôҡ
ʵ֪Ҹ֪ĶˣҲû滹첻ȥҼ洫ľƸˣҶ֪ôҵｻ
Ȼ֪Ҳֻð֪֮ǰҵĶԼ洫ľȫ⳥ˣҵð֪ת˺ü龫ɡԲǵȺöҶÿ͵͵˽һƱʳƷƱҶ֪ˡټҼ洫ľƺϴҽҩѣҲҪ̫֪࣬⳥һٿͳɡ
һٿǮӰ³˶ˡ
Ҫ֪һٿǮǶʵǮ˴󲿷˼ѹ롣
λͽٲΪ÷ѩҹŮٺöǴ󼸹龫Ҫʮ
ԵǡɡԲЩû㣬˵ƱʳƷƱֺöˡ
϶˲٣ʵĹŮŻհŮ֪⳥ôࡣ
ˣϴҹŮ˵ҽҩѣôһ㣬ҹŮ⳥ʮֺġ
˾⳥Ѻ÷ѩӰʨӴ󿪿ҪһٿǮĲŻѪˡ
˵ӰЩ龫ʲôûӰ˵ĺüޣҲޡ
ɡǡԲЩҲֻмСƱʳƷƱ٣ҲûӰ˵һ
ֵһٿ飬ʮ鶼ֵ
÷ѩԥܾӰٿңҲܸһٿҲûôණ
ϧ÷ѩĻѹûʲôš
Ӱͷ弸λȻˣֻܱˣܲ鷳˭֪ͨҼˣ˳ĸڽȥسǰұҪǴＸһ֪Ըܻܲأҿû˰֪ྐྵȻҪȥ
λﲻ⣬Ӱλ׷ɽ׼ȥ֪ͨ˺ҹŮҵ
÷ѩӰҪȥŵͷĿѣ˶Ҫιȥ
Ƽһ׷ɽҪȥ֪ͨˡ
÷ѩ漱ĸȹϵϣ۵ǿ־;̣סλ
Ҫüλѽµȫ嶼֪
ĺû˲˵˽ʹӰ׷硢ӰĶ¶ʵ
ӰľƣӰȥȫҲ֪
÷ѩһʱվЩվȣɫҰףѹȥ
÷ѩæӰǮ㲻üλ
ٲȻް÷ѩƭαװһģӽ
ɵСʶ÷ѩƽնҲ㲻԰÷ѩЩ
ӰҪɽȥ֪㣬ǾһٿǮ
Ӱ֪ԭŰ÷ѩܣʾнԸ·ܲסλҪȥĶ
Ҫõ⳥Ǯ
ڲǲܵģȼλȥ֪ͨǻ·ѾѰ÷ѩġɢˡ
λɽɽº󲿷˶ЪšҪæš
λĴܲסԼ죬·ͬ˽ɽ¡
ϣû뵽Ȼհ֪౳͵͵ʹҹŮ׷Ľ֪࣬ҹŮ˵ǽ֪൲һģ֪൱ã˵رҹŮɩӣ˵Ů֪صö֪֪治֪ģ
ļٵģ
⻹м٣Ҽ׶
лУҹŮⲻΪ˿ɶöˣ龫ǡɡƱʳƷƱֺöҪǮͣһתôţЩȫհŮ֪ƭˣҹŮ˽֪Ų֪
ҵϣԹԣֵǮϣͷŮܼңհŮ֪ҲǺû޳ܵҲɵó
Щ£հŮ֪װòᣬʵǲ֪ϴҹŮհŮ֪ȥʲôԴ϶ѪˣԭⶼհŮ֪ɵģղհŮ֪໹ҹŮһֱ洫ֵǮĶŮ֪໹ҪҹŮȥ
ҵ죬ûƭҰɣհŮ֪ô񶾣
ǰ߻ڴǿУһѾ漰ֶ˵ͬλ߶Ĵ񾪴ˣһԴȫˡ
ⲻ˵£λ·ɢ÷ѩġ¼ڴҼֶСĲԶֻһƬء
ⲻ˴ˣûѶȫ˶֪÷ѩĸ¼뺦ҹŮ¡
һʱ͸մֶ֪С֪Ҳըˡ
Ĵ峤ͼӶӳԼһ˶Ŀɿڴš
Ҫģⰲ֪Ҳ߯ˡ
ҹŮҲ̫ùˡ
ǰ˵ҹŮˣԭǳǱˣհŮ֪໹ҪҹŮȥ
ҵ죬զ
üλ飬˴˴ٶֿ졣
ⲻλﻹû֪ͨһˣһҾ֪հ֪಻ưܻŮСãƭŮٺöջŮСã
⻹ˡ
ҸĸԼɩڵȫըˡ
ĸԼҹŮ£Ļ˲ˣæɽȥ
Ҵ硢ĸԼɩҲûиɻ˼æҲĸɽȥ
ҵģŮڻںɽû£˺úõģҵļŮˣŮҴ˵Ľ賵ȥسȱԵļλ١
Ҵհ֪໹뺦Сõ۾ͨ죬ʵ˶
ģȥ峤ҽгȥسǱ
ĸҲæԶԶԣĸϽȥ
¸Ͻ峤ܡ
峤ȫҶ˵ҹŮ£һ׷ͬˣ᲻Ը賵ģô峤ͬ⣬峤ͬ⣬ľó
һںɽûҵԼҹŮ֪ҵԼҹŮ
÷ѩͽٲ˰Լϱóˣò״һٿǮӰ
Ӱսӵûã÷ѩҽһͱڵϱ
÷ѩȵũˣһ÷ѩͷǱͣʹ۴Уֱľ
Ա߽ٲҪæҴʹ˼ȭ
Ӱն԰÷ѩԭ˴ЩֻƼ÷ѩԭԼɩӣӰˡ
æǰֹɩӣǱˣû£
Ա߼ҲæȰס
Ȼ÷ѩͽٲʹᣬﲻ֪ˬ죬οԭǽڰ÷ѩϡ
һҰ˴Ķͬ飬Ѱ÷ѩݺʰˣԵԭ
˰˴Ĺˣһզ죿
ӰæҴ硢ĸɩӡ
ԼҹŮĸҴɩӹ˲ʰˣæԼҹŮСãǲ¡
ĸǰԼҹŮ¶һ飬һۣû£һ
ҴԼҲһ
ŮСãû¾ͳɡ
ҸղŻս˲Χۡ
Щ֪ɽµˣỹǰæ
ĸɴ֪ſڸɺϣҵүզôĳϣ
ƭҼҺöˣҹŮզˣŮ֪໹ҪŮ
ɶ
ɶ
ȰĴĸĻĵɴۣûĸѾв֪Ĵզ¡
ȴ֪һﲻһİ÷ѩֳԾƵƵӰƣ˵ղѹûϳôģĹŮȻҹŮ
ŮզԽԽƯԽԽף
÷ѩʹԽУԼһᱻָָ߷
ղĸɩǳͷ죬÷ѩ۵ۺ⣬ֻԼСӰȻһѷƻ
ΨһľӰľƣԺҲܱƯˡ
ٲãǸˣûðѰ÷ѩ
÷ѩӰ˵
÷ѩһת޲ιȥ˲ۣ׵ĸͷӰӰһٿ飬˵˲ģ
ĸŭզ۸ҹŮҹŮֳʣģզô
˵ô죬ڴ˵С£ⲻﳵճȥûϼλ˸شˣд˰æָ·ⲻܿҵ֪㡣
Ӱѹᰲ÷ѩǳĸļλͬ־ұľ
Сãû°ɣ¼ԼСúúվǰںڵǳˡ
Ӱĸʾû£˰Ѵȣۿʱͨ弸λͬ־Ѱ÷ѩһһ˵
ʹ׷Լδ򣬺ƭ͸˵ĺöϴȥﱻƵǽҵͷںɽΪĶ˵ȥĻ
ӰĻ֮䣬λﶼԱ߸Ӱ֤һŮСãĻһɫı졣
÷ѩȴ־Ҫǽ˾ûˡ
λҲû뵽¾ȻᷢĶ£Ů֪ôƻСƭСﶫıλŶŭˡ
иϳӰϴξλͬ־˷ȵĺӣ⹫ӰΪкøУỳĻ
˵ǰ÷ѩڱλǿƴߣ¿糹ըˡ
Ҫ֪ڱǱȥسǹǴ¡
һ˾ûкˣĭܰˣ


30 
Ѱ÷ѩŪ,Ӱʱһ
֮ԭǱϴˡ
֮ǰԺͻͬ顣
ҽҪһ,ôð÷ѩľģ
ɲÿ챻÷ѩš
˰÷ѩӰлĴ,ͬĸһؼҡ
ؼҵ·ϣĸȥ峤һг
ȵ,ĸ磬ȻҸһȥպüм㣬
Ӱĸ,ҪǼλңһ֪զ,һҸһ㣬д峤һҲһ,˵أ
Ӱ̫,̳Ķó̫ۣǾֻˡ
ĸȻˣĸۣɩӶ۵ĲУֻм,ǳɶ
ĸȻ,ʮָлŮĴＸλҪȻҪˡ
Ƿ˴ˡ
ĸŮ˵,һͣԸŵġ
Ҵ硢ĸûɶɩҲ˵
ӰΪ˰˵ģС,ղŰ֪һٿǮң
ɶ
ɶ
ɶ
һһг
Ҫ֪һٿǮڴһĿ󲿷ȫ¶ûôࡣ
ղհŮ֪˵ŮСãһٿ飬ѹûţ֪һٿ顣
ĸʶŮǮС˵ǻûң
ɩСɩ֪һٿСãݺ̿ˮ
Թԣ
ԺСÿɾǮˣ
ɩС̲סп֪Ǯ
ǮզΣĳһĸ
˷׷׸ĸĻ
£ĸҴԴֱ֪һøжûˡ
˭뵽ǰôŮ֪ྐྵȻŮСãô񶾵¡
ö޶ǹŮСã
Ӱɩӵ棬ʮǮ͵͵ĸ
֮ǰԭѼﲻٺö͸ٲֲˣɩﱾҲһֱԹĸƫġ
Ӱ̰ôǮֻǢ㣬ϣɩӶĸ
ϾԺˣ￿Ļɩӡ
ǲﲻԸԸ뿪
ԷһǵøͬɩӵĹϵ˵ǮҲǸģĺܡ
ĸȻŮǮͲסŮǿʾôǮҲûˡ
⻹ˣ
ĸϽӹŮʮǮԼҹŮʮǮ
Ӱ
ĸ
ɩ࣬ҲС´ࡣ
һɩӶСµȻûˡ
һ·ؼңȫҹŮ¡
ȫ˵£ҹŮͬˡ
ǰΪҹŮˡ
֪λհ֪౳ӺҹŮ
Դλ֪౻ȥسǹֺ󣬸ʵҹŮ¡
ԭЩŵĴҲ׷ˣ˵
ֲԴⰲ֪ҹŮȫˡ
һʱӰڴԵֱҪ̫á
˷ڣ֮ǰֹԴհ֪ǴҹŮúõûþͻˣ϶⣡
˰ɣҿû˵ҹŮ𷼳ˡ
ȻҲۺӰ÷ѩǱһٿǮˣⲻ¡
ĸһ䡮Ա˳û¸ɸҭȥ
һӻؼȥ
Ҵ԰ԼСõݴܺ㣬ȥλʹ峤
Ӱĸȥ㡣
ĸвӦġ
ҴڼϢһᣬȻֶС
ĸһʼԼҹŮŮȷʵû£ָŮļλסŮȥ㣬ŻֶСˡ
ӰͦллλĴ
ҪǣϴܰѰ÷ѩŪ֣˳ǰѪһΡ
ܰ÷ѩԺܲܳڴ˵ˮֻҪһĭ
Դ˵÷ѩھǸ۵ˡ
ڲ꣬Ҫ֪ڵʱ۵˸ⲻѺãﶼ˺Ľࡣ
ԭڴˡ
ϲĽٲԷ֪ĿҪԷܼܲкøУ
˻ܲߵһ
Ҫ֪÷ѩλ޸ٲ·԰÷ѩĴ
ӰѼֱȥλ󲿷
ΰļλλﶼ
ﲻڼңλպڼҡ
Ǽû뵽ְҹŮһΣȻܵҹŮĺ¡
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λ˼ҹŮ͵ľȻ㣬׷׶ʮָˡ
ҹŮʵʵϵĽ
˼£ˡ
ﲻڼңӰɴ㽻ĴϱɰĶϱ˵ĲС
ղֹԼŲȥظɻȥɶɽѽҹŮ㣬ϱ˵ĺϲ£죬һֱҹŮ̫ˡ
Ӱصңһͬĸһȥ峤ҡ
ȥ峤ңõõ˴峤黶ӭ
峤ڣֻд峤ԼСڡ
峤ҼŮСԺ֡
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ٲֻܰͰͶӰ뿪ıӰôûŲ
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ҹŮҲ֣ۡ
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֣֣ĸҸʣ
֣ڴиС˲Ҳ̤ʵŮȥƣ
֣ҲֱӾܾҲҪ
ȵϳ¸硣


31 
һҳԵӰ籬Ұĸɡ
ӰؼһصıȽϳ,ĸġ
һϳԷ
֪ǲ⼸ϰӰķˣⲻһӰڸտĸɡ
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ӰҲЩԲߣСһˡ
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ǵĸֱ۵զˣڴҶԹҹŮķʼˣԾͱˣ
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ϣԺ˵ĶǹŮСã
ʵǰҴ硢ĸԼ沶ʳζûɶҪ󣬱ϾܳԱѾʮֲˡ

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ӰԼæԼ˼ӵķóˣ
⻰ĸüЦҹŮТ˳
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𷼱ƴҶˣĽѻҲƽ˵ʲô
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32 
ӰȻͶԷ뷨ͬ
һ϶һӣ
뷨ദǢͼ,ҪԸ񲻺ϣ϶ܼȥ
Է̬̫֣棬ղ֣᰸״Ƿ,䲻ԭģھӰ,ĵô顣
ӰɿԼ̽һǴŴţҲأ
΢,Ӱڴȷʵãղ֣˵ҲȫǼٵģ֮ǰȷʵϲһ֪࣡
ӰԽ˵Խ飬úǾ̹¡
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Ǵ御˽֪,Է֪
˿еֱ֪̹ס
,ͣµų̤壬ײӲĺ,üۣڻϲǸ֪ࣿ
ϲ,Ҫϲôͬ㴦󣿡Ӱ
üһɨ룬ƺһͬ־ֻźʶĲ,Ҳشղŵ,ҪôҪôһ,Ⱳ϶ϱʲôʲ֮˵һŬеɷΣкڵһ죡
һౣ֤,Ӱȴ⧲ѵñ˸΢졣
ԷǴ£ҵѾ籨֪ͨҸĸˡڽ鱨棬ҲѾǰˡ
˼ܸ֪ġദû£׼˴һºᡣ
һ±ɵ۵Ӱ
˰죬ӰŴӷӦԼͬԷմ϶һѾзĸǱѾ·
ô죿
ӰɴʶЩĻţٶδҲ̫ˡ
ڴô߼˵ô
ԼҲѴ¸˵˶ݸ鶼ʮ͸
ܱȲĺã
Ҫ֪ԭŮ޸ԭԭٲտʼͬĸ˵Լһ¶
Ǻĸ￪Ÿ߿û취Ÿ֪︸ĸԭس
һȽȳࣿ
Ӱǰøֲǲ١
ˣʡ
ûͦã
ӰҪȥϹ绻ȵϡ
һСʱӰϹ磬
Ϲǰӻ̣سСĶҲƵĶࡣ
ӰţԼȥ
ڹ绻һġ
һǮһ
Һò˼¼ʮֻëǮ
ӰЩɵۡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ӰЩڻֲ߶ַ̫
ûԴƽֻܿһЩ׬СǮ׬ǮʵѣֲһǮ޲뻨
ǵþҹ׬Ǯ
ͬʱӰԼ԰Ѽļ̳㡣
˼
һСʱȵӪ緹
ˣʳ
ӰһˣʣµĲ㡣
Էһˣһʱϴβһɨĺ㣬вɡ
˾Ͳˡ
ֹ˷ѣҶܳԶٵ٣˷ʳ
ԷʱӰվɴ󲿷ʱ䶼вˣԣһֱˡ
Щ˲ⳢζȽˣæס룬Ըԣֱʾˡ

˹ԣʡţ
ʡţҽˣӰЦõҲǣҳƵٵĿȵˣֱҪ̫ܻӭˡ
һʼȷʵţ˱˸ϲˣ֮˳ԵĽζȷƺϲˡ
ˣǳˣʱʱˡ
سǣͬԼᣬ
ԵĲ࣬һʱ
ӰȥˣȻһλڽʰʱӰһżƱȥӪ껹ô
λƼǰСľȻǼƱæɴۡ
˶࣬кüӣûּңסһȻϰˣĻͦʡ
СƱǴ°ɨۣûƼæ
ԭû͸¶ϢϾسһЩ󳧣֪ͨͿˣ󲿷һЩλ˶˵ڲ
ڲҲֲҡ
ɴ͵͵ͬӰ͸¶Ӫ겢ûˣиϴ빤û
ӰһϴͷƤЩ飬ǸϲĳԵóԵģɲϲϴ롣
Ҫżϴܵˣϴǻ˰ɣ
˴˵ϴ빤ĹҪٿǮ״ͷ
ƺϴ빤ݹ⣬ҲǣǰСｿģƯڣǳĹ
ղſƼСȻǸ١
룬سи֯ˣҪȥԣ
˵Ŵ˵˷֯˵ÿԣѧҪȡ٣е
ӰҲûȥ֯˷֯˵ÿϰʱ̫϶һ˴سǡ
ңʱҲá
ӰЩźȴ̫֯һǲȥˣӪҪɶʱһ죬ģ³ɺҿ϶ٲ˶ĸл
ղСַƱֻҪһ죬³ɺилֺ£᲻ģ
æģģ´λҿ϶㣬ҵʱĶ֪ͨȥ
Ӱʾ⼸ݻʱʱسһˣ˳ߡ
ǳɣ
ͬӰϣѾԵĲˡ
˷ʣµĻѾɨˡ
ȥˡ
ӰҸղŽˣϴ󲻽緹ִ˲ٲ˸Ͷҡ
˼ٻԷǮ
Ȼ̫ͬ壬̫巴Ե롣
˳ӪͻȻҹ
Ӱû뵽۾ôⶼ֪
Ӱֻܳϣ˸ڵ컻֪ﲻףⲻֵֵѹ
ԷͻȻǮ´ҰѴ۴Ƚ㣡ôã
֣أӰȴԷĻɵˡ
Ǹմû죬͸ҰѴ۽Ҹպô
˵˼񻹲Ǯң
ʵϣԳԣϱϽҲ£ûɶ
ʮԼ۹⣬ʸߣҲ
Ӱȴûôɡ
զͻȻҪĵ̰ͼǮĶ󣬹Ҫˡ
Ӱһᡣ
֣Ҷ󲻿Ǳˣ
ȻҲɵΪԸڻǰϽۣͬʱҲͲŴۣҲĵ㣬˵֤ͬ뷨
Ӱɲ֪˵Ĵ㡣
˳˹Ӫ꣬Ҳ֪ȥɶˣֻܸһߡ
Ӱܱ֣ܿʵָ˻̫Ǯ
һᣬ벻뿴Ӱ
Ӱɴۣ컹еӰ
سֻһҵӰԺżῪ󲿷ְš
ӰͦʱĵӰȥӰԺǱߣӡ
Ȼ
ӰԺ쿪š
ӰԺ֮ǰӰſڵһûãȻһ
ôʱĶĹӣ
Ӱһ£֪ӰԺŵʱ򣬻͵͵߹սӡ
Ӱ˶֪Ǵܿд֪
ӰԺںţڵӰԺȻȲǸģӰҲǺڰ׵Ӱ
Ӱһû
ӰŮݵĸرֿͦȾ˵ġ
һ˽׼ΰĵӰڵĵӰҲЩǽ˽׼ǽģ˼ⶼʮֻϡ
ӰڷƷվĲٱֽؼҺһͨͬӰŵ
ʱ׬ѣܿҪʼˡ
꣬Ȼϱӵ磬ͬϱʮ
ӰΨһԼҶ£Ҳã峤ҲףǾˣӦӰ첻
󼸾䣬˸մ϶󣬻û뽻ĵʱ
һһС͸¶̫࣬䡢Ҫڲˡ
Ӱʱ򣬳Ѿ˲ٹӸģ֡
Ӱʶֹȥһѹʵģ߿Ӱԡ
ӰƼһѰõĹʣһ侲ǵȻ̲סж
զô᣿ô
ûԼҶжģͷӣżĿǰĻϡ
Ӱ˼ţֻרעûһţɴ𼸿ιԷߡ
ι˸⧲
Ҫ֪ڴʮֱء
Ҫǹܿǻᱻץġ
ǣֶɡ
˵ιôܵ¡
Ȼû뵽ιԶĳ
촽Ůָʶ˽׻ǲЦģȴ΢΢˺졣
ҺõӰӳЩû˲
óôӰʡ
ţ
ղ˹ζζǲģ˰ԣɴԼԼţιŸ
ӰӳôҲû˻ץǣӰιĸⰲġ
ӰĵȴͶιЩɫЩӲ
Ŀ鲻ԽŮϣŵӰĻĹ𪾫µݡ
ʱעڵӰϣͶιĴûٹԼԼţιš
΢΢
˰죬΢ӦһЩһιιߣԼԴȥԡ
ĵĹʿûˣӿٶȰӣʣµĹȫ⵹ġ
ӰղʵĵĹӾͲˡ
ϾʮֱأʶͶιƺǼʮܵ¡
󶼰ѹʶõˣֻܼԼԱͶιˡ
һӰ˿ͷעϡ
̫ĹʣӰʱӰеʣѾˮݹȥ
Ӱӹˮˮ
ǶҲͲصرˡ
˼ڣֵݹȥ˺ȣղҲ˲ٹʣ϶ˡ
ʶҪܾܾտˮҪȿ϶ҲǶðԷ
ôӰЩɻ󣬾ͼ˽ӹˮ˹˼ˮԽԽ졣
ӰʶӦʶͬһˮӽǡ
ûü˼ŵӰĻĹݻģϸƣӺ
ӰһЦ
ӰӰԺţʱˡ
ûشˣʵǴس̫ԶȻȥҪ÷Ѳʱ䡣
û뵽ʱô졣
ʱҲȷʵˡ
ͶشǰǴӰȥ˹һˡ
һʼӰԸȥʾȥ£㶫սѡ
Ӱ˹ȥ
һ磬Ȼֱִ˲ٶ
εûԵģһЩ̾ƺ龫
Ӱû룬Ϊսѵġ
궫ӰϺ뿪
˶û֣Ǹ뿪ӹ׷һˡ
ҪӰڣ϶ϳλϴζɩܶý
һξͶһ֮ԵʮӢľʮкøУԷϧûȥȴҲûˡ
ⲻڴ߻飬۹ߣƲϱˣԽԽ֮ǰ
ղڹƼλӢľ٣ûüϲƼԷиССʶҲСӡ
üͷ
ȥ
պڣЩȡ
£
һתͻȻ̽ʵСŶû
һСõ£ɫã⼸Ϊ֮ǰСýܶ¸
ߣҲͲͷⲻ⼸춼սȻǨŭСá
һᵽСȻûкɫҪжˣﻹҪҺ˽ܣ
һҲǣʱһ˵һ椡
ѹǶ
֪Сʶλ٣Щʼɵͬʱ־Ǹûᡣ
ⲻͱʾԼõͬСʮ䣬ҪԸٴϴϡ
õǲж󣿡ȻǿǹС㹻ˡ
ûǰʱզСýܵĶզж
ʱЩ£ܰж˽ܸ۵飬ûƼõĶ󣿲һ¹õܹõܸ𣡡
ͷǿǹˣɲױ¹ô
ٰǿܸСõûɡ
ȻС˵ôõĶСò֪ϧ˻ôϲ¡
ھ͵ԺСܼ޸ʲôĶسǹ˶Ʋϣɶ
֪˼ͷ͵С۾ϣҲԼɶûһ֪֮Ժµˡ
ҲԺСüˣ϶ڴܵĹ
Ҫ֪ڹ˱㣬޹˵ĹǣԺڱǡ
ҾΪСӵ£ʡ
ĿĵȻڴˣ֪Сʶľٺ󣬾˵СðѾٽܸ
Լ˵˵
Ҳû뵽СþȻʶһ٣Լ˵СöǾٵĻ
ɾþѹƲСãسûСõ׷һ֪£ڹǽǣͳҸٶ
ӡСҲϲˡ
ٻŹȥ
ԥƬ̵ûջ£Ҫ´СҪʶһ٣Ǿٽܸʶ
Ȼʮָˡ
ЩСǳʵڳ̫ã˭֪Ʋõܣǲǿľ١
զһֱ˵Сóһ
ôһ룬еΣУԼĶСˡ
Ǿٿ϶Ʋ椵Сá
ԷһĳɶʱСӣǧҪ˽̤ʵص㣬۾Ҫ̫ߣҶҸͳɣǧФЩ̫ˣҪˣõܣҲ԰ϴϣ
ϣŻõܻܸСá
զ
صڵӰִ֪⣬ڴ³
˺סѶһ̾ƺ龫ϣְ緹ǮӰܾʾĸģ緹Ǯ˴󣬵Ȼ
ŰϱȢؼңȻֺԼδ˺ĸˡ
ӰԷֱӺĸǰ׺ʡˡ
Ӱ
һȥսѼҲ֣һˣһسǣȥ֣ǰصͬ󱨱һ
ȥ֣ҲΪ˳׽֣ᰡ
Щ֣꣬ᰶ˼ǲ֪⼸ܼȥ֣ռҵĴ
֮ǰһֱΪԺؾˣҲ֣ͬᰶཻԵûа֣ᰶ˼·ϡ
ο˼ûƣҲ˵ɶֻܾܼ˼
Ǵġ
˽ϣ֣ȥ鷳
ϣ֣ͬսѣ֣ã䲻죬ѶԷСҲϣԷĸϵԼ
Ψһõİ취֣̬ȣ֣ҸʵĶ
Ա˴˶á


33 
Ӱ֪ȥ֣ҵĿ,ֻΪȥսѼһ
ڶԷصرһ㣬ͦġ
ദմĶøֲ,զԺˣˡ
װӻص,ӰΪμһֻмֶֶŮ
û뵽ɩȻڡ
ɩһָߵ˿޵ϡﻩ,ڳæ
ɩŵʮָݣһ㲻ţ֮ǰĸ绹
һ򲹶··¿յ,նݽȥ
֪жݡ
ӰϰͬԭļϳԷ硣
죡
զôˣ
Ҫ֪Ҽ糤඼ʮֲȫ,һƲԭࡣ
Σ,Ա,񣬽һСʱˣ
Ӱһ䣬ʮּر֮һСʱˣˡ
û,Ҳðι
ԭ,Ҳʮġ
СãðҲϳԼСã˵ȥʱ,Сõı仯Ҳδ̫ȥտʼѹϳøһƯСﾹȻСã
磡Ӱ¶Цݵ
Ҳ¶ЦݣʾԼŻ,ֵСãզôôƯˣ
Сã˶һ綼ܰġϣܵĽɩ˵˵ֿæο
Ӱο˼䣬žۣӿռ͵͵óһص廨ղ̾龫һһȻȥ
Դ̳ר˶ʮ̳ǵ⵰רҲˡ
棬ҪԵġ
ӰξȻһЩ棬ˡ
һˣ
ͺãҲˣԺ⣬Ƽûĸʵģĸ̾ȥŹǳϴĿϣ˶ˣ
ӰһȽϴ룬ְ龫ó򿪸ǣ˼׼ˮ׼һЩߵ׼ɶԣ
ĸԼҹŮƼ̨ǰ⻹̾ƺ龫
ĸ۾ֱˣ涼˲ˣæʣŮЩզģ
ҶģԴӴ˶ӰǸýڡ
˵̾ɶ龫ġ
Ҳû˵ѡ
ĸƼЩȴǸˡ
ŮԸЩöϣ˵ʲô⻹˵ԷŮô
ĸЦŵŮ󴦵ǺãҲˣôûǮңԺŮ϶
ӰҶ˵̾Ǹģ龫Ǹģͼԣˣ龫ɱ᲻úȣÿԼһȡȳ龫һЩ˳ӡ䲹Ӫ
ģһƾˣҪǲú
ĸûֹŮ龫
ǾŮﻨǮ̫ˣŮԺŵԼʡŵǮ
Ů޹ȥŮǮŮǮôණĸŮۡ
ӰһΣû޹ȥǮ
˵Ǯģ
ˣ𼦵ǮӰϹ绻˵ëǮݸ
ЩҲֵôǮĸĵõʮָ˵ģÿйŮ㣬ҪȻ컹öһϣ
Ժ󼦵ȥ绻ô˵ӰɲѼļȥ绻ˡ
⼦ʮӪһǮһҲ̫ˣ̳ҪôڿռԼҳԡ
ٿҪгȥ
Ӱһõ龫ȥСԺԡ
ȥʱɩûˣۿͨ죬óɩͬͦá
Ӱһõ龫ȡ
ӹԼСõ룬һʼ̰ɫˮѹ֪ɶҲûʣһڹࡣ
˴룬ζһЩζˣæͣСãզģզζ
Ӱ磬Ҷ龫һ룡
ɩضжˡ
ر磬Сզô
ˣСɶʱҶˣɶˣ
æʵСü򵥽ԼǸų羪ˡ
СþȻ˸٣
Сòϲ֪ʲô֪ô
զֻȥ˼£ô죿
һҲԱ߰ǻʾСٶ󳤵öྫ࿡ߣ֮ǰӹӪ⣬֮һ仰ССÿɺˡ
Сö󻹸⣬æ̿ˮ
ɶζŵʱÿ춼ӲɣŸԣÿܳԸֱѾˣ硢ġϱڼ̫иˡ
ģӰ磬ҶҲˣ˸ǳԣ
ɶ
ɶ
ɩССûǮҲ̫˰ɣָ⣿
ϣ
Сզô
龫⣬ö࿴Сã
̿ˮϾȻԣСöģ龫⣬ûǮ
ǴзвŮзŮòãĶз᲻øŮǮ
δ÷ԸСûǮҲ΢һЩ
磬ʣµ龫ˣãȥˣӰ
Ӱ뿪Ҳ˸Ͻ龫
龫ǺöСԽԽˣˡ
龫Լϱζû˺ȥ˻ʱݵϡ
صӰǲɡ
ĸӦǡ
Ȼ˵棬ǰҲû٣ɿ϶Ӳҭˡ
ӰҪЩ£ϾûɶöҲûɶζץζ
պҲ֪سû
Ҳӵץسԡ
ԷôãȻҲԶԷá
һ׼ȥ֣ơ
Ӱ˵Լ˼
ĸ֪ԼŮڴ֣ңԼҹŮȥ˹
ŮԷˡ
̫ס˻û£˵Ů󣬾˵Ҳ
պ϶ķʰס
ĸô˵ˣӰҲͬ⡣
ˣŮɶץ
ץȻҪҪͼ˵ĸۣӰֻ˵͸ƽӱࡣ
ҳȥƣ
ĸͬ⣬Ӱȥ֣ҡ
Ӱҵ֣ſʱ֣֣֣ͬ˵
Ժŵ֣ᰣ֣ɫѿƼſվӰҲֱӹš
ӰæסţҶ󣡡
¸粻ڣ֣Ҳ
Ӱѹ֣ᰵĻ
ҺûĸҹŮæţֺǳ֣һ١
֣ۿͨתܻˡ
ӰһΡ
ҹŮϽҰǲǣݣ֣ĸæ
֣ĸҲ֪ˣսҵĶȻҹŮ
֣ĸǰС˵ĸӡ
뵽һҹŮȻ˵
ڵ֪սҵĶҹŮ֣ĸЩڵûԴԼҹŮͬԼҶսѡ
Щ֣꣬ĸǾԼҶսѾǴŵҵĺö
úãǿƷϼѣʣθָθС
⼸ʮûƼȷսѻС޸ĶԺԲó
֣ĸԼҹŮϧⲻЩᡣ
Ӱܾ֣ĸЩ֣ûȥֻ֣ĸһسǣȥҳԷ
Ѿʼˡ
ֳ֣ĸʾһ֣֣Ҵһȥҳ
֣ĸ᲻òпҹŮˣɱŮ¶ˣҹŮģ֣ĸͻȻ÷սҹŮҲû
֣ĸӦ£Ӱͻȥˡ
ӰĸʾԼ
ҪһҪżҪۣҪ̳Ҳ㡣
ͷڻ磬ĵ㣬ӰȥƵ硢ĸ硢ɩɶʱؼңȸӱӡ
ιˣ쵽ˣȥץ㣬㣬Ҳ󳢳գ


34 
ĸһ뿪,ӰŲϣżǰ棬ˡ
ʱ,ֲ˲ٰ棬˵ţ̺Ǽ档
гɾȴСļԲŹѡ
п,Ӱ˲ɣ
ֵ˲ٰ˲ٰ׼ץ
ץ֮ǰ,ӰԼ绹ûɶջɡ
ɵʱ棬ӳó,һͳĨű棬һ档
,Ӱ̲СҲС,ż
ӰＸѼϹ绻Ǯˡ
̳ǵм,ɽջ꼦ó
ץֻͱ̲Ҳ
ȥСԺժһѴУС뱸÷һԡ
Ӱ򵥺Ĵͱ
ӵ棬ӵͰȳ֣ΪôͱһԵĸ,Ӱ˵ͰȸһԱá
Ѻõ༸,״гɾȴС,ߦƤˢַŴУپ,⣬ߦɱһԲ
Ӱֽͱһһܿһ衣
ôͱĲࡣ
Ӱ
ó˲ɳ
ſʱ򣬹Ҳͣͱˢ͵¹ӣͱ΢ƣ
˼Ŵͱһȥݸԡ
ݵҲŵӳƮζ㣬ЩЩס
ûþƼСöһԣæ
ƼСø͵ı滹һ͸ͣզྪСãͼİɣ
զôùˣ
Сûͼ壿
ҪǰѳͶˣʾһɲզ쭣
ûͼ壬ֻˢ˵ӡӰ
⻰ࡣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰȻܳԵĶ࣬Ҳûá
ƽﲻǰȺӲɣܳ߰˷ֱ
˵СӵŴеıԽԽ㣬̿ˮ
Ӱ״磬ȳԵӣҲ̫кóԵġ
ո̫ܳ͵Ķʾ涼ɣȳԵɵӡ
æͷ۾ûƿ
˵ģӰûƼԼɩæʵ磬ɩأզˣ
ֶСɩȥذæˡ
ʵղҲȥذæϱá
׼Щȥذæ
ӰûسæͲͬԼ˵ˡ
ӰسʶԼСõĻһɡ
ɺҲ㡣
ҧһڣ΢ζɴۡ
СҲ̫ó˰ɣ
ȫûԹһӲҭˡ
Сզģ
̻ʳ˺üɣųͱ
ҧһڣĴͱóԵͷˣ̻ʳٶȲһЩ
ǰզ֪ȻôóԵ
óԵޡ
Ӱͱʼ̲ϡ
廨СŹﱬ㣬ͺӵϸĴͷЩ΢ƼӶ꽴ԼгС̲һ𳴣ζʡ͡θֵϡ
㳴Ӱ˿ӣζʮֲԵϡ
̲ϣӰ֮󣬿ʼѹ⣬Źӡ
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ʱӰӳ硢ɩӣϴϴԳˣ


35 
ϴϴ,Ƽϼˣ˷׷Ŀɿڴ
ֻһ⡢һС칽һƳȳȵΪעĿ
ĸƼƮһʹĲУ
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˶ôϲӴӳ,ôò,۴УҪԷ
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Ҵ缸ԼСöǡ硯ҲˣȻǡ硯ûƲˣС̫ˡ
ҲǸĽĽ
ĸһһصĶԻֵüЦŴԱһɸϳԼδŮ֣˵˾ܳԡ

ΪԹȺڵ֣ձʾս̫ˡ
ǰսĮԸƣֱӺˣǶҹŮֱҪ̫ô
ԼŮãĸ֣ղ˼ǧҪ
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ԼҼӲ۴УҲ˵ˣкҳԷҲ֣ձ𲻺˼ӳԡ
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ӰӲͷƤ̽һ䣺װģϹ
Ӱ䣬ֻԷɫһĿɿڴģȻܵ
Ҫ֪ʮֱأ˻ķ޻ƺҲûкԷϹšֳƺ
ȫǻະֻߺͬ־
˽ҲǡҰˡҶ󡯣
Է𾪵ģӰ﷢Ц
ɿԼ¸ͳɣ֣ԺֱӺ־ͳɣ
ͱҴ󣡡
ұԺҪɩӣ
Ȼô˵ˣӰͷʾͬ⡣
ĸڳ⺰Ůûʰøסķ䡣
һʰӰء
ӰҪҪϴ衣
ʾһ衣
ȸˮȥ̴պüϴûϴ裡Ӱ
ԼˮӰȥԼҶ緿̴ˡ
ľͷϣ綼һ£һ£ͦɾԱ߻еҡ
ɴȥҨһˮֲһ顣
ɾ̴
ȣӰ˸ʮƾɵĴ棬滹һϯ
ľϯЩģͦġ
̺ôӰñӸ鴲ϡ
ⱻеӲҲҲ࣬˵µıҲõġ
ⱻӸɾûɶζ
Ӱ̴ʱϴĳվſڿĿԽԽ
ǰ֤ûɶ뷨ڶһۣ֤ʵǼ£޲֤顣
̺ôµأӰͷſվţľ͸һСյú͵ƣҲˣһ
ң˸дԵɤ
߽ӰƼüۣ˿̺ô䣬ͻطˡ
ῴ뿪ıӰ
֣
֣ջؼҵʱ֣һӻû˯
֣Ҳû˯ݡ
֣һ˻˵磬¸զûһ
֣շ˸۵¸ҵŮסס
֪ս˸¶֮ǰͦÿϧģûûͬҹŮȡ
˼Ҷܸɣ
֣ͷסͦõģֳ֣ǰõĶȥơ
Ҳȥ
֣յСᰣǰϲ¸Ҳ˵ɶˣ˼Ҷжˣ˵˼Ҷô㣡
˵֣˵ҹŮööã˶óԶóԣɰ֣ɫࡣ
֣ԼҶŽҹŮ˺㣬ȹӪʦĶóԣĲС
ҹŮôܸɣԼҶӿ֣֣ĸЩûŮ˵ԼҶˡ
Ҫǳ¸磬ҲѡҹŮ֣ոֱʵʵ˵
⻰֣ᰳըˣ㵽ǲҸ磡
磬Ҳʵʵ
֣ۿܻͨݡ
֣ĸŲܣԵֵעģǿҲǿ
֣֣ĸǴˡ
սѹ⡯һԼжˣ᲻˼
֮ǰûŸԼҹŮҶʵδǱһսɶʱǹŮأ
ڻǵóԼҹŮҶ
պ֣ϵС֣ĸҲͦ⣬ͦġ
죬Ӱѹ緹Ѿ緹ˣе֪ڽˣȻسˡ
Ӱû뵽Էôسǣĸ緹ûóԵĸȥ·ϳԡ
ĸ˵Ůû飬֪۶ˡ
Ůʮ⣬ԽԽ֡
ĸƽ᲻÷ϣɸŮĸʮõġ
ⲻѧŮ̲ױ϶ˣҲ˲ٰ档
պӵ̲ױɣӰˢһ£ζǲġ
ʵҲͦõģɾǿϰˡ
ɶ᲻÷ţóԣ
һ𴲺󣬶֪ŮСãٶȻسˡ
һ緹ĸ̲ױɣһ˶ˡ
رҸĸ
̲ױͶɿɱĸǰĺóԹζˣȻǱȲԼҹŮСã
緹һȥظɻ
󻢶СȥҰˣѾѾȽϹԣڼæס
Ӱһ׺æԼ緹ȥ
ûãڻƴţӰǿԭϳƴݡ
ԻƴûɶøС
ԷʮϲҺƭԭĶ
ԭÿζױƭ
ƴǰЩӱȥסһʱ䣬ЩûӰͻȻ˰࣬ҲƯ˷ǳʮֳԾֶʼɡ
Ӱֺݡ
ƴĽľӰˣʼҲӰҲǸŮĸƾɶô
ȴһֱҪĥƾɶôƽ
ƴԽԽʼɣȴЦӰɶˣʣ
ʵˣĸˡ
ⲻĸڣƴݸϽӰңʾԼһ춼ûզԹ
ִ
ƴݵӰȴӰҼķˣɶûʣ


36 
Ӱ,ǲǿңƴۿͻȻͨܿžžһʮίģ,ӰĿɿڴѲ˴˵еİ
ɸмھӴƼզˣݣҹŮ۸ˣ
ƴҲ˵,޵ĸġ
֪˻ΪӰ۸
Ա㲻ҪˣӰʾֻܱҪˡ
˵װģ,˭װ
Ӱ˰ԼȣۿҲ˲
𪾫£޵ʱɱȺݳͨĻƴݿ޵ǽһۡ
߿ޱߴ,ҼûɶˣҪ,øˣǰ㲻Լ,Ҷ͵͵ôҶƶũ,ҼҲ
Ӱ⻰ھӴУɶ׵ġ
ƴѾͷҪĸ÷ѩһƭҹŮĶ
ҲǣҹŮ͵Ը۸˭۸ࡣ
ʱλھӴ￴ƴݵ񶼱ˣƴɫ,æӰ,ҲǸ˼
Ӱ﷭˸ۣȴ޹ʵ,ǰ֪ҪɶҲҪҼҿھʳԵģǲҲ֪һҵɵӺ壿
ӰһñӵĻĻƴѪ,ۼԱ߼λ￴һӡ
ƴѪͣӰȴѹ͵Ļ᣺ݣҲɵˣ
Ӱ治˼ƴݲӲӵ
ղһžʳԵĸɶҸ˵ҼҷԹˣͿޣһӰ
¼λŪ˸ղŻƴݿ޵ɶ˼ƭҹŮɣ˼ҡ
զôҪ
ڴҼﶼţ㶫֣Ǳ֣Ѳɻƴݾ֮ǰҹŮԵģ֮Ҳ
ãƴҲɶûɫ
Ȼ
ƽĹŮûɶûɫ
λƲȥˣ׷ӰæƴݣզôҪ
дӰҹŮҪۣ˿ҲҪĵˣЩĹοɲ֪ж
λھӴָɣĻĻƴɫ࣬ϣòʡ
ٴȥƴЬĨ;
Ӱۿ΢лλھӴüλھӴͬοһһٻƴݣӰлŹСԺš
¹ˣƴݻҲԺƴװģޣ˭
صĻƴɶ˶ûռĲУԼҲ˽ȥҵ˼ңҪԺھӴҶ͸ˡ
ƴð̡
զһʱ䲻Ӱڴ˺ܶࣿҲúŪˡ
磬Ӱι˼ĸվȥͷ
տһˮɾ׸龮ţȵóԵģȥء
ҲûɶʳϴѾԹ̲ױҲͲˡ
㻹ʣ
Ҷڣ̫ױۺ죬ɴͲɸ
ˣ㣬ŷһЩҲ࣬Ҳԡ
Ӱֻˡ
úʢһЩ㡢˺üֶֶŮһ緹
󻢶СԼѾѾڵ֪緹ȻԵĻ㣬˵۴С
ǻûԹء
СһﶼڼСãʵ̫ˣСÿкóԵġ
ǶܳԵıģر
ӰüӼݳ緹󻢺ʹѾŵܵǣˮӳš
ҸӼʱԼҹŮСãͷ
Ȼ
ûãƼŮСãˮӡ
Ҹӿɸˡ
ڹŮСãͷ
æȥԼСʳ
ӰˮݸҺȵʱºԼСøɶóԵģҲûɶԵСġ
̲ױˡ
ûɶϣƿӣƼʳԼС㣬˶ʮּ
Сã㣿͵ذθ
Ҳĸڱ˼Զɶ
ﻹæҴ硢ԼĸȫͣĻ
ĸ۵ĸҲҴ硢缸׷׹˲ϵĻˣæ緹
ԼҹŮСã㣬ζһֱˡ
ϻųԣҲʮѵãǻΪʱܳš
û뵽ŮСã͸ˡ
ҸĸԼҹŮСãֱҪ̫⡣
Ҳǳĺζģ˻ȥԼ˽ⱲӻûԹ㻹óԵĲ
ͬĸһҲЩۣԴСҷ˶ȵǰˡ
СķóԣСñ˵ڡ
Сã̫ˣҴ缤
ΪԼһʳ࣬ǰڼֶСʱԵҲǰȺզһʱ䣬һʳôã
ѽС̫ܸˣ
ĸҴ磺ɶãȼͶˣǳɶ
Ҹĸ˵ĸǰ˸;͸ûһ
ĸֳӰɣŮҲ̫ˣҳԸ߷ֱͳɣôȥۼʳﹻԣ
Ӱץ㣬ͷѵϲɶµģ˵㻹ܲӪҲˣɣڵɩֶСˣԱɻ
ӰʮֲͬڵĹ۵㣬ɻƴɣԵȴǳ١
ǰ죬˵˴ļҵҵֱ˹ȥ˵Լϱ̫ţֻԼ˳ֱԲԼ˹ˮⲻԵٸɵĶ࣬βŹˡ
ϸû̫ϸЩˡ
Ӱȷʵͦ
ʮʮˣ˴ֻܻʮ꣬ԭ򻹲յեɾѪ۵ġ
˵ֶСҲЩˣʱ䣬϶ٽˡ
ЩӣóԵӪʳ˳Ժúò塣
Ժһַ󣬻Ǳˡ
ǹŮץģкüأͷѵûɶﻹмǧշֵʳأô꣡
ҸҲĻ
Բɻ
Ϊĸ΢ıٵϰߣӰǰЩӱϱص˵¡
˵˻ڴϱڿ캰ؿøҽҩѡ
Ӱ⻰ĸˡ
Ǽҵ£ĸԼҹŮȥ߶û˵¡
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ĸٹ٣ȴʮиġ
ĸе㶯ҡӰҲ˵Լףкҳ緹
Ȼóԣ˾ûôóˡ
ζʮֺãһ˳Ե̻ʡ
˼ŵζʵҵģҳɶզô㣿
ĸæأûɶ
ؿûûζĴɵզԴҹŮͷڷࣿ
һ죬ԱϱҹŮַ߯ˣҲ֪զĹŮ֪ʡ㣬Ժɶ
ЩǶС߯ʡ˵㣬ÿ춼ûûζĴɣָɵĶ࣬ɶʱǸͷϣҪҹŮַͺˡ
Աط޶ԻӰѹ֪Ӱû֮ǰ峤һҪСѧͬɩСѧʦ¡
пˣ˵á
Ӱż˵ԼɩӿԵСѧʦҲѴ峤һʼʦøԼɩ
Ӱ˵ô࣬ȻΪԼɩ飿
Ժõ㡣
ȴ֪Լⷬһըˡ
ɶ
ɶ
ɶ
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Ҫ֪ﵱʦɣָߣҲÿµأǼ°
ɩؼĻ˵ˣɩСͲɶζˣԼֻϹɨä࣬Ҳ֪Сòƫġ
ȫҳ϶СãֻϱбҵɩС껹ǾС̫ɵզĺóȥ
ĸҴ硢ĸﶼ뷨
ĸ硢ĸ˽ﵱȻϣԼҹŮСãȥСѧʦ
ʦɶõĻԼҹŮСãզøϱ
ɩڣĸҴ硢ĸ綼ʡ
ŮԼ˾ͳɣ
Ů˸ٶ˵ɶʱҪˣпմ飿
ĸײһԼϰ飬ϰ˵ɶɵŮϣĺ¾Ȼøϱ
զôɵ
ȴҳ緹ȥɻɩػӰֲţһм񿴵ӰƤ񣺡Сãǰˣɩ̫ˣ
ɩҶãԺҲöҵãӰҪǸҶﲻãզռ˵ģԺôӱ³
ɩܾСÿе£û룬æͷһһɩҶ޵ˣˣܲԵãĭң
Ӱ˽ɩˣС˼УƷǿԵģƽҲ͡
˵ڻʮϿӶϱҲТ˳˵ﳤĲǣﻹȥسǸ״
ӰǷˡ
ɩ£ӰҲԺ׬֡
ԺˣƱصȸһ˵٣Ϊ̫ˡ
в׬Ǯ壬򵥵ͶѣǱˡ
˵һ˻Ǵڴա
ӰͻȻʵɩ۴զû˵ڴ嶼
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Ӱ۾Ҫ缸ѧ޳գ
ԺѴ̨޺ã˵峤̨縺Ҳɶ⡣
ɱ׶ˣҲߡ
ӰԽԽǼ¡
˵ڻԺһ֮Ǻ¡
߰ʮ޳һʮǰ;¡
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ת۹˴£æֶСڲˡ
ӰιʳݵεҲˣһ˾ʮֲһЩĸ˵ˡ
ⲻ궬Сĸһ¾ǰѳ˵ȨջԼ⼸춼ĸ
Ӱæ˵ĸûǰˣҲ÷ŵͣɼʮϰ߶ô׸ı䡣
ǰĸմһӣմӣĲζǰҲûɶ
˵֮ǰ˳ԵĶӰķˡ
ֶСʱӰǾóԵľûɶʳҲ㻨
ⲻڳĸķˣڵ˽п಻СֶСֶŮ͸˵ˡ
ᵽԷͳüͰͿ
ӰҲû취֮ǰַڶˣɶ϶̳еϣҲóֻ͵͵̳ʳСһԣԸ϶ˣżԵʳܱ
£ҽΣϧæֻͬȥسΣ󲿷Ըȥسǡ
ȥس£ҪǸһòһЩ£ֻܾܾԷˡ
ϲ£һ̳ŵ꼸ʮ˲κһ겻С֥ˡ
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ϧЩò̫ãò
ڶ¾ǴСѧˣɩ˴СѧʦˣÿĿɱǰоˡ
ӰڼףûãСܻСãСøˣ
Ӱ̧ͷһüָߴһ̹С˿ڼϣС˵۴С
ѾѾСĽСֶŮҪҪԣѾͷСͨҡͷҲûǿˡ
Ӱݶ˳һ뿪ˮݸԷզˣ
˱䵭šһûˮһԡ
ӰʮУզýЩ԰
Ѳ̫æԶԷԷˣ
ӰţȴԷе£ȥߣ
ӰȻͷͬ⡣
ʵеͻǰɫ䵭ܾ˵²ɶ°
˵ɶѲɴûɶ˼֣
ӰֶֶŮ˵˳һ˺Ĳ
Щӣ˼ңҲ˶Ƽˣ˻û£ĸԼҹŮֻ˵ԷĸѣŲžǱ˵ˡ
ͣڴû˵ĵطӰ³г˲ߣȰԼ˵ڲ
ӰƺְͬһͷŶ
ڴʱӰ֪Է˵ݣöԷ׼ˡ
ǰسƼ㣬ȥس£ƽʣʵֹһǰžܾ󣬺͵͵ȥسǡ
⻰ʵӰ⧲ʮ顣
֮ǰξܾûȥسǣȴԸ͵͵ȥسǣҪ˭롣
ֲ˽ŲԾ
ӰԼǺкøеģŬһѣȥسе£ǰЩӲǹܾ㣡
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̫ߣӰֻͷԷӲۼԷûڣڳģӰɽ
Ǻô
ɶ
ᵽʲôصˣ
Ӱ̽ʵﲻʣ
ˣˣӰЩڵͬ⴦̫ס
ⲻ˼Ⱥˣ
أ˷ʡ
ҾĿǰͦõģûܣ
ô˼ʡ
ܲڣǰ˺øûɶ仯ԷҲûԲ
һͶĶ࣬ԷҪ֣ҲƤô
ӰΨһҵԼͬԷ»ûڴﴫҪȻҪ̸ˡ
ӰԸϣ쵶ն飬öԷлֱ˵
Էһתͬ־Ȼô⣬ҶͬҲʮ⣬ҾǿԿһµˣģδһŬϸɷ򡢺ϸĺӸףͬ־Ըô
Ӱɶ
˵سһҾ߳һ
ˣҼ޳ȤҲѾس䳧æһʮ˾ʦ
˾ῪҲ޳ҲѾˡ
Ҽʲôʱѧɡ
ＸѧհҲʮͬ
Ӱ±ˣզ֪Щµģȫˣ죡
֣صͬ־֮ǰϳ̹ϡ飬϶ĲãӴʼҾͱͬ㽨µĻԺĲãᣬһŬѧĸãŬõΣ
˵˴ӿ㶵ͳۣʾҡԺȫϽ
Ӱ


37 
ӰͻؼҺ,ûӶԷ֤ͬлع
֪ΪԷ֣˭֪ȴ֤飡
һ·ϣɫ侲,Ҳûбֻͬ˵,˵Լѧ޳£ȥܡ
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ﳵ뿪ǰ,Լͬ־ϣԺѡһ˴Ӳ׳ŵŵˣ˵㲻ظ,ҳٸҴ,ô
Ӱ
ԷҪôͣӰȻͷͬ⡣
ȶԷﳵ뿪,Ӱе,иھӴƼ˳æҹŮղС˭զôж󲻣պôиŮŸղСӿ
Ӱ﷭˸ۣͬʱԼĳٴи̵ʶ
Ҫǻ,˼ͺ޲,ҲҪ
˵ʵ֤Ǽ¡
ǽ֮ǰ,Է֤£ʮ֮˾Ż̫죬ôӳϸá
˶Ϊز
Ѽ˰ŵ,ҪǣĴԷȴɴԼҴ
զôж
ôôõĶҪԼԺԻڡ
ӰͻȻЩڸղûͬʵʱ䲻ҪҪؼǼ޶ˡ
ˡ
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ͨһлȻʣӰЦݳǰػ˼жˣպң
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ǰ͵ذθɶҹŮ˵ɶղǾ󣿡
Ӱ֮ǰͬԷ󣬹˼ϾʮҪԼθԶԶһզܲһֱ󸶳
Ӱԥϡ
һϣûһȫ嶼֪ҹŮ˸ٶˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ˭
ȻڹǽǵҹŮˡ
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ﲻҲɾҹŮ˺ûҲûɶãҵöˡ
֪˼ôһٶ
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ǰЩ֣ͬսȥҳԷҹŮٶ֣Ǹرߡ߯Ӣսѡ
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ЩӲٴҲƼ֣սѾپҹŮ
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ƴƽмľǷ𷼳ŮǾһѾͷƬӳɶϣֲܸ϶ʺ׶ӣɶô衣
ƴﻹſ𷼵ЦأҹŮɵ㶱հĶƭ׷֪ûٿЦ
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ֺֻ¾Ȼ䲻ԼŮϡ
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ӰСĸֵô˳裬ڻҪǰ;Ӣľ٣ƴӶʼɺˡ
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Ͼ֮ǰӰϲ֪ˣʱʱ֪Ϊ˼֪ࡣ
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ⲻ󲿷֪ڳ緹ʼ¡
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֪Ʋϵ椾Ȼܼųˡ
ʼˡ
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⻰һ䣬֪СԺ֪
ܿ죬˵֪զͻȻҹŮôˣǰҲûƼжϡ
˵ҹŮǰԼ᲻õƱʳƷƱȫð÷ѩת֪࣬˭֪÷ѩȻ߽֪ƱʳƷƱԼ͵ģʱ֪ɸжˣⲻ֪඼֪ЩƱʳƷƱҹŮʡģܲжô
÷ѩҹŮƱʳƷƱԼ͸֪ǴҺ֪
ڰ÷ѩ֪㳹׳ˡ
֪º֪඼ԼԶ͹˰÷ѩ޳ܡ
զܲҪز
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ͽһܴĽٲجج
ݻؼңĸ
̲ױһΧǰ̲˱Եһɫ
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Ӱûְͣ缸س䳧˸ǿ޳˾ʦ˵һͨ磬硢ĸ磬ҾһհǼ£Ǿأɶ


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ûӰᣬҴ˵ԼҵԺ¹ʺƱ硢ĸ羪Ŀɿڴ


39 39
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ҲǣһҶǴݣҲҵˣȻƲҼң϶ҲƲңɶҪ޸ң
ˤžߣ޵ĸˡ
࣬صӰȻ֪Ҷ緢£ֵѽ¸˲öִŮˣʰ϶ϱɡ
컹Ҫϰ࣬Ҵ绹ҪȥھӼʶг
Ӱ߲·ˣÿδӴ·ȥس·ȶԸˡ
ӰҧԺͻȻ˶ƣͷɶûƼ
ʱиھ͵͵ͬӰҹŮ֪֮ǰհŮ֪౻Żˣھ֪㣬춼ըˣɵСĵ㡣ǰ֪಻ɶƲ磬ղŻƼҸ
˵Ÿھ˵ⰲ֪ȥũر࣬ǰŻͦƯģڸݸݣȧ͹е̱е


40 
˵÷ѩŻش,ӰΪԼˡ
ûǴ÷ѩȥũ춼ûһ°ɣ
˵÷ѩýũһô
ӰھӴӱ֪Ҳũˣ
ھӴһʼǲλ֪,λǾٱҹŮũ֪࣬صû˵֪,ֻλ֪شˡ
ھӴⶣ䣬ͻԺˡ
ӰھӴĻȴСĲ
Ӱһֱûҵ͹λŮ䡣
Ͼ֪÷ѩġ
ϴ֮ܰȥũ,ҲǶԷҪľƣ˼Ʊơ
ԸԷԷ϶зɱǰѶԸˡ
ӰһʱЩͷۡ
ΨһҵЩһֱûĸ¶,ϴͷҲûø¶
ʱ˾ڴѾ׵Ĺˡ
һ¾ͱƤ´˶,Էһ÷ѩͻȻش塣
÷ѩΪľƻˣԽԽƯԽԽ,Է϶ỳɡ
°÷ѩԸ,ӵĶȴ÷ѩˣ׸л¡
ӰʱʮԼ˶ۡ
ͬʱ԰÷ѩô뿪ũ͸ĵĵطΪ棬²ãҲ¾÷ѩզ뿪ũġ
Ҫ֪ũɱȵ컹ѡ
÷ѩũһ¾뿪,û,˿Ҳû
ӰʱѾĸ,ĵȻǶɩ
硢ĸѽɩɵȫ˵ˡ
ⲻĶж
æĸȷʵ϶ϱˡ
϶ϱáݡҵˣĸֱĸζҪը
Ҫ,ĸִˡ
ĸ϶ϱֿʼ϶׶ӡ
Ҫӹܲסϱ㣬ҵˡ
ĸֻ޲ûӣզôҡ
Һúܿ죬硢ĸָĸȥسϰˡ
˵תǰĹƱת¹Ʊ
ĸתǰһ¶ʮ˿ǮʮƱתʮ˿ǮʮƱ
ĸĲӾĶˣĿɿڴ
ϣҵϣզôǮһ¾ʮ˿飬һúô󼸰ٿϣҵϣҪˣĸ˫۷
֮ǰ˵峤϶سǹ˹ʶûԼͷӶࡣ
ϣŮզôء
ĸҲԼ˸ر˾ʦ˵һͨ
˾ʮ꣬ʮͷˣʮо飬޳ǿʮ
硢ĸ÷ʹˣⲻǸչȥʱʦֵ̬ȿɺˣ˻ûʼѧ޳Ϳʼָˡ
ǰĶТʦʦܾأֵǿ˸ʦ
硢ĸĻĸĻŭţ߶ֵһҪúѧҪǸ͵ѧᣬԺôʰǡ
ĸ硢ĸﻹǺϵģæ֪ˣ
ôû͵
Ӱ֮ǰĸȥ䳧ʦ¡
֮ǰڹӪſ硢ĸһϲɫﲻ֪ˡ
ͻȻԺҿλҪȥسǣһгﹻ
ӰĸƼԼҹŮæŮԺ޸ŮɵúúøŮӣҪɶԲŮ£Ĳ㣡
Ӱôڲ׶ӣǶϱ
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ĸֹԼͷӴͻ
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ĸſǮƽʱһҪ뻨ģͻȻҪгܲը
ڵгɲˣƵг˵ҪһٰϼƱáɸгҲˡ
ӰæԺ硢ĸ綼Ҫȥسǣ϶гһ˵
Ӱ˵һ뻹û˵꣬ĸԼҹŮǾ䡮һ˵ǰһ󷢺ڡ
ŮΪгǴײ
ĸæԼҹŮһ͹ˣﲻһг
Ҫ֪ͷӹôߣسȷʵԶһг
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ĸͦĸɶƿǣ̲ˣҪ̲ױˣ硢ĸˡ
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ʵûɶģ̳ǵв٣ѹûó
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СþˣǶԶĺóԡ
Ӱϴ£һ£˵ͷһͲ
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ĸԼСһҪ֪ɱһͲϸˡ
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ĸɴСãҪȵȵȣҺȥ̸㣬Ҫ̵ţСãҪ㣿
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ĵǰҲûѳԵʲȥ˭Сó̫á
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֪Щɺ̲ױԵˡ
Ҫɺ̲һɻţ̺һǣٰ棬̲˻µͳӳֺ̲óԡ
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ĸȥǰӰ˵˲̵̲ţСʱ͵û
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ҲͣСãҲϲ㣬ﻹϲҪСóԵľͺˣСԸġ
СҲѧСãϲ㣡
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ҪֶСЩԵըëˡ
ô룬ĸҲûȰŮԺͿǧôͣ⺢֪һ͵öǮϣ
ӰŲæĸĻԺǹˡ硢ĸҲҲܿ׬ˣҪǰôʡ˵ʹˣɵöӪķ˸
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ֳԼҹŮʾȥȥͻ˿ȶϡ
ɶζô㣿ȶƼСģ㣬ҴˣСã̫ˣ
ĸ
ĸҴźӰ氵죬ִɶʱͣˡ
ڴ궼һһļҲȥĿ졣
ӰѲ˶ϣںꡣ
ĸҴ綼ˡ
ɩӸҲˡ
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һڡ
Ȼ
ζԽԽ㣬ıζζҭˣһ㲻óԡ
ò˵ӰӰ£˸ԻҲ࣬ĸԼҹŮķٳԸĶЩϰˡ
㣬һ˳ԵĿˡ
Ҹ缸Ե̻ͷ󺹣Էһѹͣ
ĸҲûö١
ûԺСķˣճСõգóԵˡ
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ҪǺС¼ӳŻӣֶֶŮԶ
СҲûٳԣò˵С˵Ǿˡ
զôó
һ˳˸߰˷ֱĸſʼ˵ʾھӼֳ98ǮҪƱˡ
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Ҳȥ˵ǮˣҪȻÿǮϣ飬ĸ˵ǱʲСĿ
Ӱһݿĸʺƨ̫ˣ
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ĸ˵ʡǮҲʮָˡ
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ɶԱ˷һȥƲҲһĸ
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ϣɩСɩҲĸе֪Ĺʡ
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ⲻίĽھ˽Ȩ˽̴﹫Ʋ
ɴŴ峤¡
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Ȼ
峤ҳһˡ
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峤Ҳޣ̲סϴǼĶҪǳզ죿
峤ﶼ㣬ϱ͸˵ˡ
Ӱ峤ͼϱֻ˿ѹʲɶ£æ׷ɶˣ˵˵سǸպиѣ˵԰æ
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ӰʱԶԷʮ־裬ڴ󲿷ָίϹϵ˿ɲɶˣҳ֮ǰ£÷ѩٲ˱
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Ӱ÷ѩ¾֪Էжխرˣһ峤⵽զ죿
ΪԺȵӾʹִ峤£ڵ֪峤пΪð÷ѩȥڷ๵⵽
Ѵ̣峤һ̶ۣӰ»ûǶ֪ȱԩˣģһȥسҪܰæҿ϶
Ӱ⻰˵Ĵ峤һ˿ɸжˡ
峤ﵱ;ҹŮǸùû뵽ô壬ʱжһͿ
峤ûҹŮиٶΪȥسæ󣬵ʱҹŮ²ܲܰæҶʮָлⱲӾǸϺˣɳ£


41 
֪,Ǵ峤ٱǰ÷ѩͻȻ¶֪֪ը
֪˽۷׷ס
ũæ֪Ҳ࣬Ϲ,ҳ緹ʱԡ
ȰԴ峤ٱߵ¡
ʣ˵˭͵͵ٱ˴峤
һ֪ΧСԺҲ벻˭Ϻ˴峤г,Ȼٱˡ
üһ
ٱ峤˽Ȩ˽̴﹫Ʋ
ǵһš
ҪǴ峤˽ȨզѺ¶ŸԼˣ
δսСѧ,ʦǼʮɵ£ɹֻߡ
ĺ£峤һûУҲûԼҳбҵĹŮš
Сѧ,ҹŮɩռһ֪ࡣ
˽̴Ʋ,֪ˡ
Ƹ峤ֲɶݣҲûӴ峤Ǳߵùʲô,ܰ峤˽̴Ʋ
֪Ժ峤ͦġ
峤Ϊ˲ʮֹƽ,˽¶֪ҲܰͰ
ҸʱЩǻʮ⣬峤Ҳûٰ֪ࡣ
ûصظǰʲôػڴӵĴ峤һ֪֪Ǹ⣬ͣػۻ֪ǡ
ʵ˵,ǿɱ֪Ǻùˡ
ԶԴ峤ٱ,ٲ²ؼ֪⣬󲿷֪໹ǲϣ峤µġ
һ,Ժ绹֪˭峤һһ֪ҲѺõĴ峤ô죿
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ⲻ֪㼸Ϻ˶Ըͬ÷ѩӴˡ
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ⲻĸɩСɩ½ӹŮСõݹˮһڣ΢΢ζĸϲɩСɩˡ
ĸ沺꣬ҲæԼҹŮСãˮɶզôú
Ӱ˵Լȥɽ¿ٱժ˵ˮſˮ󣬻һǡ
΢΢ֱζҲͦϲȵġ
ղֶֶŮÿ˵˰룬СֶСֶŮϲˣ׷Ҫ
ҪһԿţֶֶŮˮˮȹ⡣
ĸεû˵ŮַҶҲ֪ݵģġ
ó࣬˱Ӷ˴ˣϲݵ֭ҺͿͦġ
û뵽ⶫˮȣ
ϣŮզô
֪ǲǰʱֶСʱŮɶ̼ˡ
΢ŵǿܵġ
ĸŮˮúȵĽ´ٷŵݣ
ĸĻ˴ɩСɩصʮͬ
զûȹôúȵˮ
ˮڴȿ
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ˮȻúȣҴ绹ǶСķ˸Ȥ
ⲻҴʳС̲ױһҰˣҴҲʧ
һԣȸĸһűԼһҧһڡ
̫óˡ
ҴܾԼ̲ױԵ˵ζˡ
ֳһӰҰˡ
ҴǰǲϲҰ˵ģҲϲСҰˣرζá
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ĸ沸˻ĲУæȳһűҰˡ
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ϣŮզǷôͣ
춼ġ
ĸҴ硢ɩǳ緹ʱӰ˵һԼһȥسǵ¡
ŮȥسǸɶûߵһĸ
ȥƵ硢ĸ磬سզ
ʵϣ硢ĸһȥسǣĸﻹǲĵġ
ⲻŮĻĸֻ䣬û˵شʱ·ĳʱĸһ·
ĸͬ⣬Ӱȥسˡ
ȥس֮ǰӰȥ˱˱Ȼǲõġ
Ӱô峤壬õ֡
Ͼ÷ѩٱ峤˽̴﹫Ʋ˱ʮҪ
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˴Сʱ·ӰǺ۵Щ
ʱǰгӰһʼûע⣬ϳﳵָֺǴ峤æ
ͣ³Ӱæʣ磬զˣ
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ͬĸͲƽոĸϵʮ
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Ӱ磬ȥسǰɣа취壡
ΪܣСõĻæɴۣǺˣɶСã˵ɶɶ취ҵֻҪܾҵԺţ㣡
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οųɩӻˣֻǼνӴܶʮкøУȻ¹ʮִҲ󷽡
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һԸŽ֪СþȻʶ﹫ֳһ𾪣һϲ
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ȴԼųɨԼɩˣֻɨ۾ͷˡ
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˵ǰСӺڵĸ̿һ񺩺񣬳ҲͶ
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ҽ㻹еæأӰ˼
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ӰǸܽȻѴٱǴ峤иίȨ˽̴﹫Ʋɽ˴ߵ¼
Ӱ˵߰Ѵ˱ϡ
ʾС͹ֶһһʼ˱˵峤˽̹Ʋ̸ϡ
ȨûбȺ˵ȨģֻҪɹȥ飬峤ûȨɶ֪
ʱҲ˵ҵܸµģҪҵҸ£Ĳҵ
Ӱ𼱡
ȳˣû´ǾǸίץˡ
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ô˵Ӱˣ˵Ĳ֪ôǺãСñмˣҲԼʱСá
ʱش壬϶úúø˵¡
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ûȶãܾͰ˴ˡ
ı޳
ȥһ˸ί᲻һ죬ɫѿһЩ԰һЩԡ
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мָмҹŮ
Ӱ֣壬Ҿһ£ҪԸɶûɡҪǴ峤˵ɶ£ûɶ취ˣҲܰæ
Ըӿе֪϶취ô˲ڹֶͬԼҶȥ϶һˡ
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û뵽ֻСѧʦҹŮҹŮξȻ
ʵ̫ˣ֪զ
Ӱպûͬ˵ͬڹſڷֵ
뿪֮ǰСãȻɶʱش壬һشﳵ㣿
峤ҲͣæҹŮһӳش塣
峤Ҳֻһгһ϶ʹ峤Ӱæ壬磬ˣһҵȥҾ߳ҵҲһгسǣ
ӰȥسǼҾ߳ˣĸسѧһһг
һϢ͸ذըҵĴ峤Ŀɿڴһ𾪡
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Ȼȥسǵˣ
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ⲻûҹŮȻϵù־ֳ
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Ů̫и
𾪺ҲŮˣ
Ӱ뿪󣬻ذ칫֣ͬܵ
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ӰŶԷͬĹϵҲͲˣܣʵһм㣬Ҳһ£
ɶ£
ӰⲻѰ÷ѩ֮ǰһЩ¼ͬ˵˰÷ѩȥũһ꣬컹ûһ¾ͱͻشˡ
ˣӰӴλ֪峤ͱͻȻٱ
˵峤Ҳֻȥ˸๵
Ȼ峤Ŀǰû֤ݣӰ˵ֻ²⡣
иŮ֪౨ôǿﶼЩĪ
ȵȣզͻȻŮ֪ˡ
ʵڲܼãŮ֪൱͵ﲻڻš
¹Ů֪෸Ĵʮͬ鵱ƭƵĿ¹
˾Ȼɩӣ
ӰܣλŮ֪а÷ѩæզũôشģн峤ٱǲɵģ
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˼峤ٱ£ҲհŮ֪ʮ֮˾Ÿίйϵ
Ͼһίٱû֤Ҳץˣһ˹ⱨ
ҲհŮ֪զôũܴϸίˡ


42 
ܰæ,Ӱˡ
뿪֣ӰȥҾ߳
һǲܽҾ߳ģ˼ǿ,ⲻӰȥͼ۾Ҿߡ
˶û֡
Ӱͦ,żͬԱ߼˵ûô˵ʱ
,ﵣˡ
ӰƼʮƯƤְףҾߵĿⶼ,۾ֱˡ
ʹҲﾪ̾Сﳤ̫־ǻûôƯС

Ӱ,ע⵽ԼҹŮæʵŮ,զسˣ
ﲻ,Ҿ㣡
ɶƵģҲǣӴﵽس·ɲŮ·ģ۵
ûأ·,سǵģӰ
Լسǵ,ŷˡ
Ůզıȳﻹ׻Ưһļͬ·׷׳Ծʡ
ҪƤ,û뵽ԷȻô׻ô־С
ǳҲиƤرڵͬ£ϴĹŮƤҲڡ
ⲻҾ߳һȺ˶иôôƯĹŮԾ
Ͼһϰ,Ӱ񲻴Ͳˣ緹ʳõķӰȳ˼Ҿ߳
ȴЩԼҹŮһһϰҲٿɴŮһȥʱĴԼҹŮͬ·ȥ
Ӱ֪ܲĴ㣬Ҫ·֪Ҫߵϼأ
æг绹һĳأ
ǾͺãǾͺã
ȥĸǱˣ
ӻ֣Ůȥ
Ӱ˼Ҿ߳ȥ䳧
Ƚȥ󣬾Ƽһʦ硢ĸ޳ȫſˡ
硢ĸ羫񲻴ӰҲͲˡ
һ뵽һش·Ӱʵͷۡ
ϣ
ӰΪԼҪ·ش壬֪Ȼڻش·ڵһƼкϺ
СãϺش壡
峤أӰʡ
ҶҵȻشˣ㣡
Сýмˡ
һʼȻСãÿСá
Сüˣб塢硢ĸ缸һصôˡ
ߵȡ
ⲻСùȻ·ش塣
гȻãӰȷ峤гҲͲϺˡ
ﳵ
Σ䣬ȴ峤ش壬һֻĸ
Ӱ
Σϵͳ񷢷ͺǰɣһֻʵĸռգ
ϵͳͻȻĽӰʮ־ϲæȥռһ¡
ȼһֻȹеĸͷռһӰˡ
ʵ̳⵰רҲвټ⣬Щⶼ䶳ʵġ
֮ǰ˲μʵļˡ
ӰŽˣ֪Ŵ峤ش壬ըˡ
ⲻ峤ϻձߣͷŻشˣٶҲ̫ˡ
ȴձ˶ʮָ˴峤û±Żڷ๵µɫ׵İ÷ѩɫʮѿ
÷ѩţæˣ峤شˣ
ڷ๵һ㶼ǴɷֲõĻ߷˴ˡ
ʱͬգ÷ѩڴˣҲûɶԸ
ⲻиʵڿŮ֪ĥ󹤣Ÿڷ๵˲Ρ
ɶ
һۣĥߴɶ͵ǲϽڣסһȥһ¡
÷ѩһԷȥͣɨ๵ﰹ಻Ļɫǰһ󷢺ڣ޲ֱӻũˡ
ʵû뵽Լջش壬峤Ȼȥڷ๵
÷ѩһֱԼʮԽУΪԼ֪ܲӰͷԽԽá
ȻȱӰƽũ죬ò׻ش壬ֱ峤侮ʯȥڷ๵
÷ѩܽϹ˵һһ붼ĥ
ò¹÷ѩŻ»֪㡣
ջ֪֪۴峤ش¡
÷ѩʮֲġ
ƾɶû£
һұɻӣ
˵侮ʯһŹ
÷ѩԽɫԽ
÷ѩһ֪㣬ϵĳζû֪Ѭιȥ
һһɢ޲밲÷ѩԶ
÷ѩɫ࣬¡
֪㽩Ӳգ峤ҵŴ峤֡
峤ʹ峤ϱ÷ϲ峤СҲʮָˡ
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ûˣ峤
÷æԼȵһˮȡ
һۿͨ쿴
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峤ϴǼοǷһĴˣԺɵڴæŵ㱦һҹŮ
峤ĵҪţ˼ҶسȥҾ߳ȥˡ
£峤÷Լ峤˷׷Ŀɿڴ
ɶȥسǵˣ
ϣҵ죬զô
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ȥسǵˣһĽ𾪡
û뵽ôһʵ˾Ȼ˵ȥسǵˡ
峤ҵôĽҲҸˡ
嵱ˣҲسѧ
ɶ
ɶ
ɶ
һ£峤𾪵ŴϰҲû£
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˼һһ䡮ɩӡҹŮˡ
ԺҴùϵ˵ҹŮξм
峤һᶼ֪˵ɶˣֻ˵ҹŮ̫иˣҵôö
峤ʾسǣ˲ڴϴƽնŵ㡣
֪ˣ
ˣϴǲǸ˭ɶ͵͵ٱ㣿
˭ٱ£ڸίʱһʱҲ벻˭޵ôУȥίٱˡ
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سǻشӰлؼˡ
뿪ǰСãԺҪ˭۸ˣԸң
ӰЦãﳵ뿪
ûˣӰæȥֻĸӿռó
ɱѪӰ˿ˮëˣ׼һһ뱬
ĸȥëҲܷʣࡣ
ëϴɾɿ顣
һ˼Ƭ˲
ӰڳòŰǳһʮϾеƶǻҳɰ
ÿˮ̹飬ѼˮڹŽСһᣬȼζɰżƬ˲μˮɶҲţô
ʱӰɡ
컹磬ҼһûؼңӰȱ⡣
ζڳʱը
ӰЩˮ
꼦Ӱͷ缸ɩӶ
Ӱɡ
ҴɩȻ
ⲻصԺԶŵζ
ҴɩӿɼˣСÿ϶ɶóԵˡ
ǰ沰ͲСüˣ治е᲻Сüˡ
ԺСüˣզϡ
Ҵסȥơ
ȵ֪ԼСý첻΢ɣһ輦һ輦⡣
Ҵ羪ˣСãּҰˣ
ⲻҴֿ죬߹ļ⣬զŲҰ
ҴôҲô˳
ҰĸӰء
ɶҴһǲƹһͷСðֻĸˡ
ϣ
һ˿զϣֻĸҪµȥϹ绻Ǯġ
Ҵ˲ֱʵСãۼҵĸˣ


43 
û,Ǳ͵ĸĸȻǲҪˣ˹ȥ
Ҵźݺһ,ְθţ͵ģ˭͵ģ
˭ôСһֻʼ
˼һֻĸ
Ӱû˵۾գʾسǰ˼ҵæ,ⲻ˼Ϊлһֻĸ
Ҳ²𴩣Ͼ֮ǰ˷ӵ,Ÿл˱ĸص
Ȼ
ϴνҵл£Ҵû룬ԼСÿ϶سְɶ˴æ,ҪȻ˼һֻĸСã
ĸҴ绹ǸԼСõİȫ,æСã´ȥسǿɵСĵ,𶯲ͰɶæûɶΣաҪ,զ죿
֪ˣ磡Ӱص
֪ǲ֪ĸԼҵֻĸҴ綢Źļֱ
ϣ
СÿŪһֻĸһȫˣ
Ҵһξ˵ûСַզô
С,ϲ
ѹǸǻȥ,Ҵȥϴ֡
֪С˰ֻĸֻ,˾Ĵľ
˵һ¾ǸæȥԼҼơ
ƼԼֻĸУɩСɩضݺ˿
ϣҺСýĸԼֻ
ҪȻһզϣ
Сֻĸզģ
û,Ҵȸֻĸզģֻ֪ĸس͵ģֱ̾С̫ˣֲһֱ˵Си
ĸ硢ĸ缸극ҵȵߵһ
СֶСֶŮĲУӰ͵͵˸ɸСֶֶŮС
ϣ˸ɵСɺ󻢶ҲŶ᲻ܶüԺǰԣõǣǸһݾͳɡ
ĸô˵Ҳͷɣ
ӰɩӶ˲
һ豬ĸһһҰˡ
Ϊʢ
ȱһ۾͵صֱ
硢ĸæۣеͷջûɶʳⲻƼǱ۾ֱˣ̿ˮ
󻢶Сһ¾۾Բ۴Уһһᴵʺƨ
ԣСã̫ϲˣ
СãҸϲ㣬ϲﻹ࣡
Сãϲˣ
СֻʺƨĴɩС궼еﷺᣬզôϲС
ӰСһԴºȸҨһ뼦
⼦صظġ
˼ƬƬر𲹣á
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ӰʢüȸǰֶֶָŮʢһ룬ڼɩӣӰԸʢ
󻢡СԼѾѾԼˣļóԵͷֱ
СãּҰˣԣզŲҰµ
ҰĸҴջأ硢ĸ羪ˡ
ĸɵĴϵĿһڵ棬ֱըˣɶĸĸ
ӴŮǰѼֻĸ˰ɣ
ĸ뵽ԼҹŮֻܰ񼦸ˣǰһ󷢺ڡ
ĸҪȥ֮ǰӰҴæʾĸ˼͵ģԼֻĸ
Сĸҵ죿硢ĸ˿̾
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˵ֳĸۼֻĸ
Ӱ˿дɩӰǻһ˽ͺöˡ
Ȼ
ɩôһᣬҲϴԼҹŮ˴˷ȺӣӸĸ϶ණⲻҶûˡ
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ĸɷŹƻµŮզһپͰһֻˣ
ϣȻŮ
ĸҸĸԼ沼ӼֶֶŮӰʮ⡣
óԣҲúȣɳԸζ
ӰԼ˼ݳǰѲƬˣҪȻ֪˲ˣǻˣ
úȣǶȵ㣡Ӱ
Ҳʮ⣬ʮַĿζϴͳԹŮıҰˡ
ǵһκȣȳŮļζóͷҪˣֳ˿鼦⣬ۣζˡ
Ůզôôúȣ
֮ǰҲһɾֻеˮζζ⻹
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ĸȻۣȷʵŮĲ˺óԣҲúȡ
ӰʱʱĸʢһĸҲûٺȼ
ҼҲϲȼֶֶŮϲԱ⡣
һԵȫ˶ʮ⡣
ÿСٿѣɶⲻҴ硢硢ĸ缸ԵĿɱˣ޲˵Сá
󣬽ú͵ƣľľ峵⼸ͬһ𼷳˶
Ҷ˸ˡ
ⲻϽȽϿĺ
ã峤ˡ
峤ͬ峤ԼŸл˵̾ǡ
ͣľ֪緢£Ҳٱίߵ¡
֪µ硢ĸ羪ʹţ峤һ˶лԼҹŮСãæ
˲СԺļֶֶŮ⣬˶ˡ
ĸƾܴ峤ĺöæҹŮⱾ£
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Ӱǫ壬Ҿֻһ죬û»ǿԸ
⻰ɲô˵ҪûйŮҼϴզôش壿峤Ӱ֣мˣ֮ǰϴ󱻴ߣ춼Ҫˣû뵽ҹŮæˡ
峤ҹŮмĲˣ׽
峤ҲԼĻҹŮмˡ
γлҲ˳ˮ顣
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峤ȥسǵ˸Ľ
ȴ峤뿪ʱĸӲǲְ̾Щöȥ
ӰҲͬ˰Ѷ峤ҡ
µ˼ҶףЩ̾ʮ֮˾Ǵ峤϶سһģϾõġ
̳ǶǺöҲռ峤ұˡ
ȴ峤ߺһæԼҹŮզ¡
峤ŻˣĸҲʮָ˵ģɴ峤лŮ˵Ůʶɶس쵼еˣԴˡ
ĸⱲ쵼Ҳֻ֮ǰΡ
ĸæʵŮզզʶɶسǵɶ쵼
һ˰
ӰֻðԼҶͬܵĹϵ΢˵˵ʾԼҲǿ
ɶس쵼Ůǰµıĸ
ϣŮզôҲ
ϣ÷զôҼɩҲĿɿڴ
Թԣ
֮ǰΪСųѾˣզس쵼Сöµı
ϣ
СҲ̫и˰ɣ
ĸȻԼҹŮҵĶ㣬ҲԼŮ̫ԼҹŮ䲻ϡ
س쵼ŮµıŮȢǹŮǹŮô
ĸȻϣԼҹŮҵĶ㣬ɸԷܲܶǹŮá
ⲻĸֵզûƼŮ
Ӱ˵Լˣһ˲˿
ˣ絽զ˭͵͵ٱ˴峤硢ĸæʡ
Ҫ֪峤ǸϺˣ˾ٱ
ĸصզ֪
ô˵ĸȴʾʮ֮˾Ż֪Ǳ͵͵ٱ˴峤
ԴһиŮ֪ٱŮиŮ֪಻ƭŮ뺦Ůĸ֪Щ֪ûɶøС
ӱϹ£ԩզ죿
ʱ硢ĸʾҲ˵سǰзھӾٱھӵ¡
˻Ǵ˾ʦе֪ģͷʦס֡
ģھһֱϲܡ
миˣⲻ񲻺ãñֽƨɣóɺ졢顣
ⲻ类ھƼͱٱˡ
ίǼһ˴ߣǼڱɻӻϽνˡ
Ӱ˳濪ʼˣƽسǶʼˡ
ȻͬϱǸ粻ͬ࣬Ժ־ٱֻ಻١
˾ٱԼ׵ġ
ɶ
ɶⶼܾٱ
Ӱĸ˵£׷ײŵ
ӰھӾٱϾһͬھദڼƷĻƴﶼû˺Ƥ
ֻİ÷ѩҡ
˭֪ٱ˴峤ң᲻ᷢٱң
ӰԺǼһСĽ㣬˽Ǽң
ǰҲΪ˾ٱˣ͵͵ɶھӼݣⲻһٱһ׼ô
ĸģۼûھɶìܣϴλƽŮɶֶӣסû˺ˣھӳԱ˳žٱǼҸɶ
ҸĸҲĸ˵еҷ׷׻ȥ˯ˡ
ĸĻڵڶܿ챻
ⲻӰ𴲾Ƽƴݹ뿪
Ӱһʼû룬ȥƴզˣ
ĸʾԼ緹ʱ򣬻ƴһң˵ûԷֱƽ𻨸ˡ
ĸʱѻƴݸߵģƷ᲻֪ȫƽ𻨸ˡ
˽ҪƤƽʱû۸ʵĻݡ
Ҫֻǻƴһˣĸԥ˸ˣССĻݣĸǲġ
ⲻ󷽸һô
Ҫͷӵ֮ǰĸ᲻ðԼҿ˵ģͷȥˣۿԺҲгϢܻش忪
ĸҲʹһˡ
Ӱʱû룬ǵȳ緹ʱš
ӰƤһܾЩԡ
ۼҴɩҪȥţӰæ磬ɩӣȱţɶˣ
զˣզˣæĸʵ
ɩû룬ɻʵСãզˣ
ҴСûȥСԺŷ϶һۣɻСãۼզôˣЩ˺첲˺ɫ
Ӱͷʱ亹ֱð첲ɫӵĲǸίµô
ӰͻȻһƴݹ͵͵˵£֪ԼұٱǾˣ˵ƴݴϻҷɶ
뵽Ӱɫ䡣
զˣզˣСãɫզôѿɩСɩɻ
ײˡ
Ӱ˲ͬɩӶͣԼҴſţɩһҶ
ɶɩСɩѹ֪ɶ
ӰææܵԼпܲضĵطңϧɶҲûҵ
Ӱĵ׷Ѿµ˳ңСԺʱʱʹµ
ʱСԺɩͻȻСãǼҼզжզһ飿ɶ
ɩȻֻϹɨäȴֻϳ֡
Ӱɩȴϵá졢顯֡
ӰƼɩǱûõġ졢顯ɫ䡣
ص֪龹ȻǴɩڼҵģҴղ˵ĸ첲һȺˣ²Լҵ׷ɶ£
һɫҰײԵڵء
Ӱ˲ɩæȥѴɩǱ졢͵͵ռ䡣
ɷŽռӰֲġ
Ҫ֪Ͳһ㣬Ҿˡ
Ӱʮ֮˾Ѿȷ졢Ӧǻƴݴ͵͵ҵġ
ӰͬƴûɶǰԭҲûٸôƴݣ
ԷξȻ뺦ҡ
ȻǾҲˡ
Ӱ룬ܵǽ³ûƴݼСԺûˣɴֱӰⱾ졢ӵڻƴСԺ
ӣиί˳ҵѶ
ɩؼίЩ˶ˣɫɷɷףɩҲһ
ĸŵķס
ҴԼСõСã˾ٱǼң˵Ǽ͵͵˽»ٻ쵼鼮쵼
ٻ졢ǱʲôҪ󲻾ñӿͷϣΣ򱻴ɻν֡
˼£ΪԣӰʱѻƴǧٱ鶼ɫ侲磬ܣǼеöߵ²飡
ĸͷǣۼҲ˭Ҳܲ쵼ϱɫɷɷףæʵզ
Ȼ
ίûѵκζΪ׵ɫЩѿ
Ů֪಻˵˼͵͵ٻ쵼鼮쵼Ϊ׵˻ģ˼Ҳһѡ
ȷҲûУΪ׵˲׼ˡ
ȵȣλ쵼֪ܲ˭ٱҼңӰסͻȻʵ
ί˵ȻӰ
ӰƾɶֻһңҼҪǷ˴Ҳ˵ɶҼɶûѵҪȥسǱٱǿլ
ӰôвίΪ׵ΪƽֻȥҲһ߸
վſԶӰҳµĻƴأȻ
֪໹а취øί
ƴݵӰһҵù֪˵ˣֻҪúãӰһ˶пܱɻӡ
ƴݰͲӰҳ£޲ƼίҵҼ顣
뵽ӰܱһұɻӣƴЦĸֻ
ƴݵʱͼίЩ˳ӰţҲûץҵˡ
ƴʱȴЩҺ͸һȥ
ƴһ
ֻЩײҺ͸ڵţȥѣ
ƴݲ֪ˣЩզȥӰҼˣ޲֪Щλ÷ˣ
ί˺ܿڻƼСԺѵ˱Ƶĺ졢飬⻹ˣ
ʱίѻƼһ˰ƴڶץˡ
˻ƴ⣬Ƽ˱ץʱѹ֪ɶ£ƴﻹֵġ
ƴȴڸίҵƵĺ졢飬ֻЦݽϣ׺һǱʲôУǰһ󷢺ڣŵһּУܣܣⱾ鲻Ҽңܣ


44 
ƴô,֤ڣֻͬƼһ𱻴ߡ
ӰԻƴûһͬ飬ԻƼ˻ô㲻̺ͬ顣
ղҪô,ƴݶ˵Ǹʱըû취ƴ,ֻ취׽ˡ
λƴʵ̫ݶͬԷûɶԹ,һСԹƴȴһӼǾͱĺˡ
ղҪûӦûƼĻƴ,˵ղų±ߵľҡ
ֶֶŮС,ҪǱɻӣмû
뵽,ӰЪ˶ԻƼҵͬ顣
ĸҴۿߵĻƼҲһ,ɩɫˣҰײҰ׵ģĸվȡ
Ͳôһ㣬ղųµľң
ղǱզڸڻƼ
ɩСϳӻƼҵǱղűղڼＦҵ뵽һô,ⲻ,˵£ɫɷɷס
ϴϱ϶ϱ,զզôСĸ
Ҵͷ͵
ɩСһҪ޳ģֵ,ղŴӻƼѳǱۼҼҵġ
⻰һ䣬ĸҴ׷ŵĻɢҴɫ׶ͷֱð亹ôվȡ
ĸȴŵתĲԵӰæˣ˷ȥ
ϾãĸɫҲɷɷףһֱ£ðһԼ⡭զۼܲ쵼쵼Һǵüһҹˣզܷż
ҴҲæ͵ͷ
ӰҴȥԺӵţ£ӰŰӦϻƴ͵͵ŵģھٱҲӦǡȵȣԡ
ӰղŹû룬侲δؾûƴͷԣƵô׼
ίôңз
һֲ
ӰŵһûƼĻƴݣûɣ˵米Ƶ˳ˡ
Ӱ˳˼룬ֻ뵽Լͬ÷ѩгԹ˵İ÷ѩҲļƣӰɫʮѿ
զˣŮզ˵ˣĸæʵ
Ӱ룬ûѰ÷ѩϾûɶ֤ݣӦǻƴݷŵģⲻƼƴݹۼСԺô
ɶ
ɶ
ɶ
ĸҴ硢ڵ֪ǻƴ͵͵Ҽģһȫըˡ
ֲøղŻƴݱץʱ򣬾Ȼ鲻ҡʱһû룬룬ƴݿ֪Ҽˡ
һ뵽ղŻƼұίЩ˴ߵ³ĸҴ硢ֱ
ͬƼҲûɶԹƴզôң
ⲻĸԼϿƴݽ÷˸ɸ˳ԣû뵽˻ƴݺҵĻᡣ
ĸ˸ǺƴݣɱǧĻƴݣզˣҪôҼң֪ɾ˸Ҳȸǿ
ĸԽԽƽ𻨣˵ᣬ̳ĹŮĸκݶѻƼʮ˴˸顣
ĸʱҴ硢沶ûֹҲǱƴݵľٶĹǺ
Ļ˵سھӱٱ£ǻ˵զô񶾵ˣû뵽ԼҸھиôݶˡ
ˣСãզڻƼɩɻʵ
Ӱصⲻ뵽ǻƴ͵͵ŵģһֱӻػƼˡ
ĸ׷ĿɿڴӰ
ĸ쵽û˵ɶһȻʵˣҲʲôˡ
εÿŮ飬ҪȻղűߵľˡ
˵ľٱ󱻴뻵ӻȥν֣ĸ붼롣
ʱͷӼҾ߳϶ûˣǻҲûѧ޳
Щɷֲûǻӵˣûٱ۸۵ĻЩɷֲõֻͣοǻӡ
һǳ׻ˣ
ĸһ飬æŮûɶÿ㣡
ҴҲûԼСд
ӰҲɩӾ̫ݶڽ͵ղҸͺˣɺ룬ƴôۼңҪݾٱ飬´ݾٱզ죿ۼܷһΣܴδη
ԭɩСɩﻹֹСô᲻̫ˣСõĻʱСðѻƴˡ
ҪȻ´λƴɶʱٳ˲͵͵ʲôզ죿
ɩСɩֱð
ϣСӵҲ̫ˡ
ĸҴҲ˿ֱ˵ŮСãĺá
ղŸίôɶ羪ˡ
ڴΪһ£˵ϣίᾹȻߵ˾ȻǸڻƽһҡ
ⲻ峤Ҳ֪ҳ£峤ʹ峤ԹƣԼ˱һҡ
ȹ֪ȷʵ˾ٱίⲻӻƽ𻨼ѳĺ졢ŰѻƼһ˴ߣ峤ʹ峤ЩĿɿڴ
졢ڼҼһţ𻵣ƽһҲ̫ûͷ˰ɣ쵼׫д鼮
峤ڶԺ˶ٱʮֲٱң־ٱҡƼңֵĻ̡̻
峤׼ɶʱ￪ᣬҪ˭ҶٱˣҪǱ֣ͷȥͷ๵
֪㣬ûȥϹİ÷ѩӰһҵ³ֻҪӰһұɻӣԺʮһұù
ϱɼٱɻӵ˼ǿŹʮˣҲ²ûš
ⱲҪۿӰһұϱӸҡ
뵽Ӱһҵ³÷ѩֻЦˣĽݣͼ÷ѩ¶ЦݣĪ
ѽҸղ˵ίˣզ£ɶˣ÷ѩԼʡ
Ľ൱ȻҲǲ÷ѩˣͦɵ÷ѩ˵˻ƴһұץ¡
ôǻƼң÷ѩɫվæץסĽʵǲŪˣίӦץӰһңôܻǻƴݼң
÷ѩͻȻ裬ĽһԽԽ÷ѩôƶһ£
ĽԽԽҺûãͬݵСꡢɺɺݡ
÷ѩſĽࡣ
СꡢɺɺʱҲ̸ۻƴݼұίһߵ£СԳµĻƼͦͬģɺɺֻˡ
÷ѩԽԽɫʮѿ
ûȰ÷ѩӰֶһ٣سǹ˵ԼӰ硢ĸ绹ȥسѧڴĴ˽֪ˡ
Ｘ˶֪ȥسǵˣ
üһ
˭ȥҲûһʵȥسǵ˰ڴըˣȫǹƼұίߵ¡
ⲻ´밲÷ѩУ÷ѩĲѪ
˵ӰһҹԽãԽԽޡ
ϱӰ˽磬һ³ȴûжá
ĸдδССȥӰʱҰһҶɴݣдǣ
ûĸӰ棬ͱĽĸˣĸûֻܴҴҴСӻش壬ɰ·´վȴССŪˡ
ϱǸСӰСֶӣʼûҵҲϴͺС顣
СӴ߸ļޡ
˵Ӱҳ³õ⣬³զ
϶³ϴãҡ
϶һֱϱ˴ñӶ϶ģʮ϶֪ģץ飬Ĳˣֿˣֱӽ
ʱϴ϶Ǳ˼ʮ̡
Ӱĸ´˹һҲûԸ޸
ӰĸھСӱա϶˺类
ӦùԽԽҲǡ
÷ѩ֪⣬ʶӰǲҲģҪģܶԽ޶ԡ
ϱû˱ӰϲˣΪ˽ĸԸһֱίȫ
ƾʲôӰһҹԽԽãȴԽԽƾʲô
÷ѩģĲģⱲӦԽԽãӰһԽԽҲǡ
᲻֪ɶľһֱŻɺɺƼһ䣺զģզô£
æ˵ɶԻ˶ӡ
÷ѩͻȻϱĪУ˻ͦʵ˼ҽϱǶͦõġ
˺󻹲ʵǻʵ˴ñ˼ˣ÷ѩ۾һҪⱲҵĽ£


45 
Ϊ췢,ĸǾδӰˡ
ռѾ˲ʣϧûó,ҲûˣҲûϡ
ǰĸ,Եǰ׺
̲ױҲԵ̫࣬ûˡ
̲ױó,Ҳ塣
ӰɴһɣͱҰ˱
Ұ˱ҲҰ˶飬,ѹ⣬ˢͼ塣
ȼҰ˱,ӰһС飬û̲ױôζ,ż,ζǲġ
ЩӰ˼
Ｆ˺ü
Ӱֱһ뼦ÿӻɢηˮÿӼ渡ĭ,Źʱһӡ
ķ̫嵭,¼ؿζļǳԲϰߣӰһС罷
罷ġ
ζٳԸó,˶嵭ӰͲһС罷
罷ˣӰеԶ罷ˡ
Ǵ,ûкֵӰָֻɶʱˡ
ʱҴϹûţźüľͰ
⾪ϲ
ҴԼСãСãⲻ
Ӱ۾磬զץģ
ѽôã˻öⶫͦӰԴѾ˺üաζʮֶ
磬ⶫ಻ࣿӰʡ
ֶСǻ࣬ڲˣضˣСҲˡ
磬ǰզûץӰʡ
ҴһСãʵⶫˣóԣ
֮ǰֶСʱɶˡ
ǰûԵʱļһҲץæ
ɳԹһϴļҲûץⶫˡ
ⶫʵ̫̫ѳˡ
ץҲѪСóպãһĺó
˵ûĲˣץһͱˡ
磬ڳ࣬ҸóԵͷӰ뽻ץ˺ջζ粻ץ
Ҳͼ綼ʵʵڵĳԻˣ磬ϴֳ裬ٹһͿԳˡ

ȥϴ֣ӰҨˮ衣
Ҵٶȿ죬Ӱãϴˡ
ŵ˼ͣҴȥϡ
Ӱÿ˲һͼԡ
ûãɩҲæ˲ˡ
ǸҲѾϴˡ
硢ɩɩǷǳʳģĸΪ췢ûɶʳⲻӰͼû˵ɶ
СһﶼʮָˣرǳԵɺóʮֺϼСһθڡ
СһǳԵֱΪˡ
֮ǰһóԡ
СرӰҲܲ
ӰӦá
ⲻְĸҲ˹ȥĸƼһһҲ֪Ů˼
ɶ͹ⷢŮ϶ַͼġ
ĸֿʼЩզûԸȥ
Ÿճ⣬ֳԵͼϣҵķڶûҵĺˡ
ŮַզһԺզ죿
ĸǵŮַ̫Ժ󻨹Ů׬Ǯզ죿
Ӱɲ֪ԼڵǮҾżһΣҲ
ĸզۣɩСɩҲʮϲӰ۵ıóˡ
ͱҰ˱Ҳʮֺóԡ
ҴͷԣþٶԼСʮ⡣
ĻԼСĶ罷һϣܳһɡ
Сãɶζ߯ˡ
ͱҰ˱ҴҲûٳԡ
һٷ򵥳꣬ɩϴ룬硢ĸٻؼҡ
硢ĸϴ֣Ӱɺͷ˶
ĸȥŮ
硢ĸҲʮ⡣
óԣǿζͬϴ࣬ϲԵĻǶ罷Ĩһϣζóˡ
硢ĸԵͷ󺹡
罷ĺóԣɼ⡣
ͱҰ˱ҲûٳԣϾˢͼıζöˡ
硢ĸüŮȥСԺ֡
ĸѼﱻƴݾٱ˲ٸίǼҵ˵һͨ
ҪǽŮ飬һҶɻˡ
ĸ£һӻ
硢ĸ缸ѹû뵽¾ȻᷢǼҡ
Ͼǰ硢ĸʦ˵ھӾٱ£ﶼЩο·Ǽҡ
϶ھӱٱ£ҲľģԵ֪ھӾٱ»Ǽҡ
ⲻҸɫ׷ŵһæʵ
ɶ
ɶ
ɶ
ɩСɩҲĻģǲ֪ڻƴݶ񶾣
ⲻĸϸƴһɣȻ͵͵һƵĺ졢͵͵Ｆ
ûøί˾ײǼˡ
Ϸ±ྪˡ
ҺСû顣
硢ĸϷ£硢ĸŵһ亹ŵֱܺ
ƴ£ʵͷ˵Ҵ硢ĸˡ
硢ĸ統˵ҪȥڻƼһƴˡ
ôңǲȻŮˣ硢ĸ̲ˡ
ƴʵ̫ˡ
Ҵ˵Ҫǻƴݻڸڣ綯ˣ̵ĵڡ
ҴģʰˣƼҽһҶίץˡ
ɶ
ɶ
ɶզ
ⲻҸҴе֪ԼҹŮСãʱĲУⲻӻظڻƼô
ҸĿɿڴԼҹŮСã
ӰԼҵ硢ĸ翴ĸɿԣͬɩӽ͵ĻͬԼҵ硢ĸһ
ԭҸҲûԼҹŮĲԡ
ֻû뵽ԼŮզô
ԼҹŮһͨ硢ĸԸڻƼһ㲻ͬ飬Ҳͬ鲻
Ͼڵľٱ治ġ
Դ硢ĸسǼ˵󣬼˶֪µԡ
ؼҵʱǻиί˳˼ңѺЩν֣ܶ˻Щʯͷ¿ˮ˵Щɻӵ˻ҪȥررƫƧũ졣
ۿԼҹԽԽã硢ĸԼҲñɻӵ³
˵ĸϵģ˵ＸСģǼҪ汻ɻˣԺզϣ
ƴ͵͵Ǽҵľٶʵ̫񶾺ݶ硢ĸϷ£ɸ£ͬƼҡ
صģӰѾȥˣǲõģԺﻹǾҲ㣡ʵ۴ǲģﶼͦģ
иϲİ÷ѩ⣬Ӱ
Ů˵ǣ
С˵ǣ
˶ͬԺ˽㣬üڼҡ
ڶ죬ģڼҵ˾Ӱ˺СֶŮˣ󻢡СȥҰˡ
ԴϷƴݵ£ӰҲܴ
ƴݵ¶ҲЩӰϾ÷ѩںء
һ÷ѩֽ˭ǹʹզ죿
Ӱǽʾ֭ʰ÷ѩķ
ϧڻ֪÷ѩ״ϸί˭
Ӱͷ۶ݣСֶŮԹݰס
ʱСԺţӰȥԺţƼſԭٲӰգգۡ
զԭƵеడ
ҹŮ㡭û°ɣٲһĵʵ֪ҷºһˣҹŮһֱûš
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ӰȻԭûɶøУ˼ŹңҲˣͷأҼûɶ£
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Ӱͬλԭཻ㻹£
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ӰҲùȥȥֶͬŮ˵һųš
ŵʱӰΪٲѾˣ֪Էſڵ
Ӱüͷ𣺡֪࣬զûߣ
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ӰὯٲ̧žߡ
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Ӱһֱƣ˳ߣƼ÷ѩӰ΢΢һ㶡
Ӱڰ÷ѩũشһμ
˵֮ǰھӸ˵ȥũشİ÷ѩֺݱ仯󣬴ʱӰˣ仯ȷʵͦ
ݺݣ·ϸɣԭͦƯҲݸݣֻһƤȧ͹ſ̱
ӰҲ̧ۿ
÷ѩӰǰǰʼɵҧгݣֻľƻôûӰɣ
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ϱӽ翴Ӱ˾񣬰÷ѩʼɵҧгݣ޵ֱĥ
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վһԵĽƳ÷ѩЦĪ
ʼ÷ѩǰ˵ҶöãǸˣҲѧ޳ʵ󣬼޽ԺɶҲøˡ
Ҫ֪пܻУĽҲ˵ɶ
Կ÷ѩĶ޸ļûɶġ
÷ѩĽߣмͬ鿴
˵֪ĽľĽ࣬˭֪֪߿õģB
ֻϧã˲˸УСƣѲˡ
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Ľ౻÷ѩͬ鲻мĿ⿴Ī
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Ӱ׼ؼҡ
ٲҹŮȥ
ӰȷԭڣҲֱӾܾѹͬԷ˿ǣ
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ӰԭļŮ֪˭ǽĽŮ֪ࡣ
λĽ֪Ӱкøе֪֮һԭ׷ԭ÷ѩƭλȰԭ밲÷ѩԶһ㡣
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ӰؼңŴֽ
ֽû˵ɶֻ˵УĸСͰ÷ѩ
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У취˳׽ˡ
Ӱ˼ǰ죬ƿҴ峤һͬһݳ׽÷ѩ
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÷ѩкӹ峤ں磿
Ӱ˵ɾ͸ɡ
峤ңֻд峤ͼССԺ
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Ӱվɸ峤СÿһӲǣӸ˵۴С
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ƼҹŮҲʮָˣ峤ϴ󣬱ҹŮ㡣
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Էٱǰһ˰š
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Ҫǵ֪հŮ֪ȥٱ˵ɶҲͬԷɶ١
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峤ɫԽԽĻ
Ѿʮ֮˾ȷٱ˿հλŮ֪ࡣ
壬û°ɣҪȷǲǰ֪ٱ㡭
Ӱû˵꣬ſڴ峤ըɶŮհŮ֪ٱҼϴ󣿡


46 
峤֪ǰ÷ѩٱϴ,Ĳ㱳ȥ
ԼϴչλհŮ֪ģ밲ȥСѧʦ
뵽˼Ҷ𱨣
˵հŮ֪಻ɶû
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޲ȥ֪˺ˡ
ӰһǸ峤ʹ峤,˵ǻ۵ģ
峤æĻŮĴ,հŮ֪ʵ̫խ̫ݶ˵ڷ๵Ҳҵ⣬ɶϵҾ̫͹Ů֪̫ǳ𣡡
Ů֪࣬ǴҪ
峤ﵱԼϴϴ,հŮ֪ԺҪٲɶ־ٱۼզϣ
ϴ󱻾ٱץ´峤񾪻δ,ۿ˲ͨ죬Ӱæӹ峤˵һ,ıο峤
峤ۿ,ⲻζͬʱʱٱʱ
ȻǸϺˣɲϺûɶƢҹŮ
ɶҹŮ,Ů׽峤ǱϲŮ,Ӱţ,ȥͿӣŮգ
峤ҲкӰ档
ӰչŰοûע,û뵽峤ﾹȻصһϸ
¿ʮѵõĺöڼȫԵĶǴ
峤һֱȰԣҲòԣһЩһڣ峤Ĵָã
峤ȷʵȻûɶϣֻκͣϸζǲġ
峤Ӱգˣԣܳ԰İˡ
峤ҼԭСԺļŮŵζȫΧſһͰͿӰƼӰԵİ
һ̿ˮ
Ӱ
ӰϽֻС룬ʣµô峤ȥӷ˳ԡ
峤ﻹе㣬ӰæҪԼУͷҲ࣬һһӻؼҳ緹أ
ȻŮô˵ˣ峤ҲͲǿˣŮͰģҲۡ
ϴ˰ʣµ˳ȥ֮ǰ
ԼϴϴհŮ֪ˣΪС͵͵ٱ㣬´˵ΪС¾ٱ㣬㲻ΪԸ룬ҲҪΪۼҶ롣Ҹջ˵ƽһѾɻӣȥسǻƼίѺһν֡
Ӱ۾Ƽҵİԡ
峤ȻҲհŮ֪ڴһʱҲ֪
ͷ۵
ӰȻô峤ߣûô׷Ź÷ѩ
÷ѩⶼˣôֻô峤ȥ˴
Ӱһ壬ҾҪͰ֪뿪ǿ϶ԽԶԽãԽƫƧԽãû˿Է֪ܻش壬һʱȥسǾٱզ죿
峤һ˵ҹŮ˵Ļǡ
æ˿
ĸ嶼æźܣппˣ
Ӱ壬ƫԶɶ岻Ȱ֪ڹǱ߼ˣ϶˿
峤Ӱۿ΢壬Ҳû취ǲ֪ⰲ֪һֱңҼұٱί˳嵽ҼŵѶٱҼҵ˾λ֪ࡣ
ɶ
Ӱװŷһּٵҽ֪ʱҸˣⲻĽ֪ңҺĸСλ֪࣬һʼûף֮ŴĽ֪е֪λ֪һֱĶ֪ĸ磬֪඼ˣ֪໹Ķе֪ĸ磬ⲻĸ統ô
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ӰĸҪȢ֪൱Ƶû취ˣҲȥλ֪࣬һֱ뺦Ҽˣ壬̫ˣ
ʱҪ˹ĶеĹӵ˼ӣֻ붼ɱˡ
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հŮ֪ʵ̫ˣ̫ˣ
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ԽҹŮԽͬ飬⺢զôùôһ˼ݶŮ֪
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ƢԸãͦͳˣܲԼϱǰҸ㣬粻Ȣϱ
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ӰͦԼĸģİ÷ѩ÷ѩֶرڡ
²Էʮ֮˾ŻʹͬӴȻĸ縺
Ҫĸ粻Ը⣬÷ѩһɱﵡȥسǸĸˣåʱ򲻹ĸȢȢĸ綼ûùӳԡ
ⲻӰɫæĸʾԺ·ƵߣҪǡСġˮˣҲˮȥȣȡ
֪ˣСãҪ֪ˮˣҲŲˮະˣ˭һֱ۸㣡¿ʮּ۸Сõĳ
ӰĸĻůֺЦĸ⻰Ҳ΢˵㣬˵ĸ߻ء
תȥƽ˾
Ӱͬкű¨·ȥسǣȥ˹Ӫ꣬ӪμæкĵŮҿȵˣҪһ㣬ӪԱĹҪȥˡ
ӪҪûǰ˵϶ܸˡ
ҲãͬͬԷ֤飬ʱ˵Ҫ
⹤ʮ֮˾Ÿɲˡ
鷳һֱæӰֲ˼˼ܵøҶˣ⹤ҹƸɲˣ
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ܽһֱ뷽跨ïïɻػ
ܽѹïɡ
ԴũʶλŮ֪࣬Ů֪Ҳ֪֪ïϱͬйϵ֪ïɼҺԺ˲ϱ˽Ρ
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ӰҲϧԽԽð÷ѩǸļ䡣
԰÷ѩ˽ԺٲȻֶκλԶԶ߼Ⱳӳٻز
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ӰֻܰЩ֮԰Ҳͬïһҡ
Ҫûа÷ѩ˵ϱ˼ܺúõĶȹʮꡣ
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ѵسǣӰȥڡе
سǺµԽԽ࣬ûȥ
Ͼֲ򳵣ûҪð̫ա
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ͷࡣ
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ӰԭһøҲûУɶˡ
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ӰҪھܾԶճűƿһߴͦεˡ
ӰƳۡ
һ̾װͷñ٣䣬߱ĿӦǸʮӢľ١
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ҹŮ㡭ٲͷҹŮһϲһİľٷȥͻȻҹŮĶ˵Ǹ٣ʱɫ˱䡣
ԼϵĿᣬת䣬Ŀ赭дɨԶѹֱƵĽٲɫ˲԰
ˣЩ֪˶ãⲻͻȻƼˣѹţԷһɾ¡ȶ࣬Ǹͷ糾ӰжĲС
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ᣬӰҸλ֪಻죬룡㺰֮ǰҸܾţҲ֪˸ٶ󣡡
ٲɫҰֲҹŮܾѡˡ
ǰôϲΪô࣬ٲĿĪһʹЩܲˡ
Ӳȴ¶һݼЦݣԷͷѹû˷۵ףȨҶϣλ֪֪ҶжԺأ
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ûãи³Ӱһ׽һ١
ٵģԷһ䡮Ҷ󡯽ܣ
÷ѩԴ䡯һըƬԴһƬհףҡҡ׹¶ŵ𾪡
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뵽ӰδܳΪֺõ׳ˣ÷ѩĻ£ʼӶˡ
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Ӱεǰ÷ѩҲˣ÷ѩզεģ
Ӱ˼濴÷ѩ뿪ķ
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Ӱ͵͵ơ
ⲻЦ˴ʱ΢죬𻡶ȣ򣬸ɿȼԼɫţ֪ˣͬ־Ժ¶ǵĻ˵Ӱ칫
Ӱȴզ˵⻰ǰرˣӰɣԺ˵ˣ
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Ӱ﷢ЦԷһ˽˵
Ӱ˵Ժ˵˵顣
߰ɣǻؼң֪Ůˣ϶ܸˡ
ûĿͻȻ֣ͬ־ϴγǰ㻹ûҴ𸴣Ըͬҽһӵĸ¹ϵô
Ӱ΢ЦûŻش˶ͷĿȴᶨƿĴ𸴣ֱȵһԸ⡯
ļⷢϲ˲˼ǿѹʮּİҾͷ籨Ҹĸ׶ǵĻ¡պĺӣͬϱ֤


47 
Ӱɫճ,ⲻһ󳵽䶯
ȫۡ
ѳͣſڣϱһԺӡ
ӰҸڼھӳ,Ƽſͣһɫ󳵣Ӷɳ
Ͼг,˵ëǵĴˡ
ھӴＱæԺæͬԼҼϱϣҹŮǲˣȻ
Ȼ
ھӼϱʮ,𾪺Ľ᣺ҹŮã
ҹŮҵĶ󣿡
֪Ҳ֣ոսۼҳԷ˵ĺ¾ۼҵˣھӴҹŮ֮ͬٴ϶󣬿϶ϴ͵Եʣⲻ֣ͨʶô
,ҵóȥ߶߶ھӴͬϱ߶һᣬڼס,ȥ߶ˡ
ⲻ󲿷ִ֪ܿղſľȻҹŮǾٶ
ԿҹŮ塣
Ϣڴ޴䶯Ͱԡ
ϣ
Ůˣ
ҵĶҲǲ,Ȼ󳵡
ͷҲ,ŮȻǿ󳵵ľ١
ϣ
Ҫˣ
вٴԼĽسǿ᲻ͬŮйϵ
ϾҹŮҵö֮ǰͬһ졣
ⲻԴҹŮٶҲƵƵ£ʵͽȥسǵˡ
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һ˼ȶԼҹŮԻǾһ,ֶŮ׼ͬǹŮСã֤жٶ𾪡
﷢˵籨ʹ˽鱨棿
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49 
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ֻоػصϱӣѹӰλ׳
÷ѩæ磬㲻ϲӰô
ٲʶ÷ѩ
÷ѩ磬Ӱ˶ͲŬȡȡѲ뿴ԺӰˣźڣ
ٲɻ־ʵ÷ѩ㵽˵ʲô
磬֪ҵˣǰҲ̫ϲ㣬ҾֻҪĺùҸͺãҪϲӰҲ֧㣬ĸ϶ҲϲӰģ÷ѩʵ
԰÷ѩĻٲһֶţϲȢ¹Źˡ
ٲܾð÷ѩת̫죬޲ȢӰɻ־衣
˵ʲôԶ·˵˵ɺɺ
Ůͬ־ˣöֻð÷ѩԺ˼ϣҲһֱ
Ⱳֻÿ
ٲ˵ߡ
÷ѩֿЦָܿ侲磬ѲԺҪӰ޸ˣ
ٲ͵һ÷ѩӰһֱϲĶ㣬Ŭ׷϶ϲ㣡
𴲸ԼӰ֪÷ѩͣĶٲ׷
ϴ֪ߵ磬Ӱص˸ڳæ
Ӱ档
ӿռóһ廨⣬֪ӰҲ±¶
廨кⶡͷⶡŵһ
ּһɰ
Ȼϴˮտˮˮտ档
ﻹԼûһ㲻š
˻Ҫԣֶ࣬ɴһͲˣպý󵱵ơ
϶˵ɶ
𣬵һҪԣŵͿԿˡ
ʱӰ˼ƬˣȥӡӺɰ
һˡ
ʵøóԣڼӰֻ档
Ӱһӳһڣζʮֺá
Ӱ棬СԺϴë
һʼΪĸ
ƼڳӲ˲ͣӰȥݳԡ
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Ӱõë´εøһëһϴë̫ˡ
ھ󲿷Ӷûôܡ
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ѹ̣ȥһԡ
ȥˢӰ
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Ӱˮ淢Լ촽Щ졣
ϴݣû
Ӱ£ȼһɰԡ
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Եٶʮֿ죬һȹ⣬ͻȻ֣˵ûȷʵǼ񵽱ˡ
緹Ӱ׼ȥڡ
ҲͬһᣬȻ᲻ͬ⡣
ھһС·Ӿ͵ˣͣ£Ӱ³˱̽
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Ҫ֪֮ǰͬʱɱˣǣֶûУǸǻԼġ
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Ӱ˵һ㲻żͬﴦأҲϣжٶǧ̫졣
жҪ̫ǿմ󣬾ʹϽ鱨棬˵¹˼·
˾Ͳһ˴һ;զ죿
ˣ˶ҪˣҲЩͬ˽֤ͦڴġ
Ӱ룬Ŀȴ΢Ĵϣǻڣûռ˵£ֶ䣬ϱ³
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֪࣬Ҽﻹ£Ͳ˵ˣӰɨ۰÷ѩûͬһ߶
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ղƼλ׳ȻôĿ⿴Ӱ÷ѩѹϱλӸλϲýӽĴôһ죬ǿӰ
Ӱˣ
÷ѩʼɵͨ죬·ﱻǧ֪Ͽҧܡ
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£Ӱᰲ÷ѩߣ漰Ӱ۶˼ģ˵ʲô
Ӱܿ£㲻뱻ǣ۸Ͻ֣÷ѩֱ޲ƼӰ֣Ժͳɲδ׳ˡ
ֻҪӰ׳ˣ㱩¶Ҳ˲ãӰûô
÷ѩΪ˵ЩӰ¶ҵı飬ֻޱ鶢ơ
÷ѩʮֲļ˵ģǾɣȻ˾Ͼͻ£ܿͻ۴ӾתȥƫԶı߽һӡ
Ӱɫ΢䣬÷ѩӰ治֪£ȷġ
Ⱳʵ̫ãȻλ׳
Ӱ԰÷ѩ󲿷ֻţһЩţϾλġ
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Ӱһֱҳ¡
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ӰһͷѲɰ÷ѩ󣬲뵽÷ѩһֱϲٲӰ뷨
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˼ǰ죬÷ѩһμַŹ־ı顣
ΨһӶԷϢȷǣҼпܻ£ҲпܻתȥƫԶı߽ڴɻӣӰòܡ
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ӰʮֺڵôſⱾ飬ֻŮԼŮǵ㹷Ѫ˺Ƹ顣
ǱǽٲҲһ仰
Ӱͷ۵ôӰ÷ѩ̽ҵ׳ɶ¡
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ΪӰδ׳ˣֻ˵£㲻ţٸһ£ĹŮͲҵУɩһֱиˣͬ紦ʱͬǳź˿Ҳһֱûٸñ
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뵽Ӱɫ͵Ĵ䡣
÷ѩμӰ˿ȷ£ͻҳµ¡
Ӱڵ֪λ׳пܴɻӣ϶ƲϵͬԷ֡
ֻҪ侮ʯδλ׳ͳ׳һңҲҲմ׳ˡ
ôһ룬÷ѩų
Ժλδǰ;ĳų׳Ӱ೦ʹģ
صӰһԼҶҳ£Ҳ类ñ顣
ھӰ÷ѩе֪ҵ£Ҳûˡ
УӰ÷ѩѺ֪Ľ֣ܡ
ԼҶԸȻᣬԲҵԸ
λɩҪ£翳ǾԵ£·ĸ϶̲ˡ
ŮŮˣһ˶ˣĸӳ
Ҳݳʡ
Ӱĸ³ۣⲻߵĸͻȻסˣ
ĸԼŮŮְһͲȫˣͱԼҹŮͻȻס
Ҫ֪ԼҹŮ˺ĸŮ׽ҲûôǵľٶⲻŮһĸһͿ
ϣ
Ů϶ҪˣԺҲû취ĺöˣξˡ
ΪԼҹŮ᲻ԼŮæŮŮˣƼˣ
ϣŮզóȥˮֻżһû˯ãŮ˵¸ܡ
ҲŮֲźתһЩ
ĸҲĻʾ˼ܼ档
Ӱһʱûͣʵզûȥسǹ
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һԼҹŮȥ϶ңüͷûϴȥ϶ң϶ϱҵǡŴݡ
ŮҪȥ϶ңƻίЩ᲻á
ĸҲŮίæסɶס첲գֻϱãҪУզ᲻֪㶼Ҫˣ˵Ůˣȥسס
ĸԽԽϴͷȥ϶ҾȻûʰûĵģ϶ϱҵǡݡĸǴ϶ɶʱţͰɨ˸ϳš
һǺܺõģԴ֪Ľ֣Ӱʮ硣˵Ҳû˵һ첲ղֻϱ
ˣûĵ϶ˣϽ緹˵Ůζ治
ҵһ治ŪĸŸƽûɶһģӵӵŮͲˡ
ȳζζˣͷӶϴһ룬ϴϴϱϱĺͼӶûٳԡ
ҪŮһ룬ܸԹ⡣
ĸæԼҹŮȥ緹
ǰοԼҹŮһŮ죬϶϶ûؼһˣʱŮܼ϶ˡ
Դ֪鷢Լ£Ӱûɶ˼档
СͳԲˣ󻢶ֶӰͰͶƣӰȷֶӲˮ󣬰ָˡ
󻢺Ͷ˼ʣСã治ô
ȷԼС治棬󻢺ͶԼСզϲôóԵϸ
ѵáɺóˡ
ֶӳ꣬ȥϴ룬ϴҪų񣬾ͼԼܻˮ˸Ů֪࣬Ͻȥƣ
Ӱ⻰ڳ붼ҵ棬Ѫסɫæȥʣ磬ĸȵŮ֪ǲŮ֪ࣿ
صĽŮ֪࣡
Ӱ


50 
ĸⲻҲݸϽ,æķɶ£
Ӱĸе֪ɶ£֪Ů֪඼ˮˣһһĽࡣ
Լĸ̵Ľ֪,֪Ǳ͵ĶӸëȵġ
ڴ˲Χ˾͵Ǿ
ӰȷԼĸȵĽ֪˿,λĽ֪ɱδе˸ǧ򱶡
λĽ֪ԭԶ밲÷ѩ֮ǰд͵͵Ű÷ѩ,ӰԶԷʮкøС
²λĽ֪ʮ֮˾Ǳĸǣȥġ
ɶˮһŮ֪ࣿĸ˵Ŀɿڴ
ĸ֪ɶ֪඼ûɶøУڷϣһλŮ֪Ҫĸզ죿
ɲȢһŮ֪࣬ĸæĴϹȥɶ,ûǲ
类Щ飬ѵ÷ż,ⲻȥƴǣ
뵽£
Ӧʱ,ѾºӾλĽ֪ˡ
ϴûȥæ,ⲻҶΧۺӱߡ
ӰҲûãȹȥƣ
Ů˵ĶԣŮ˵Ķԣĸæ
ӱߣΧΧһѴ۷׷,ͬĽߵǺг,ûɶ˺ƸĽл˾ͻ֪ȥ·ˡ
¶΢,ͷ﷽ߣ峤ʱס
ȢϱĸëͻȻһƯŮ֪,ܷŹⲻԴ峤峤Ҹղű֪࣬Ҿ͵öҪȻˣå
ëĻΧըˡ
⻰ҪǱ˵˿ţɸë˵Ҷ֪Ƹëλ֪ˡ
Ǵĥϱģ˼Ըѹ޽ҡ
ϣ
֪Ҳ̫ùˣ˭ȲãȻëӾȡ
ҴҸĸ֪զºһתҲæ峤ʾ峤Ҳ֪൱ϸҶϱϣҼСë֪ԽԽ䣡
ëԼ¶һڻ
㿴ˡ
֪Թϵ֪̯ϴҪϸһҸͬ飬ɺɺƽʱϵڿҪ޸Ӹëֻˡ
ںôˣ᲻֪ҵڴǿ̱ģϱĥӶɶûɫ
ǸëˣƽվǸ͵Ķӻɫû󣬻رһë¶ĻͶĵ£Ը޸
ڶ÷ѩˣҪǰ÷ѩ⣬
һֱ˵ĺԺ˵سǵˣĶ
ЩһֱûҵĵĻᣬѵͻȻŹ
ⲻˮΪľɨһ۾ˡ
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ĺ͸ëȺˮľȵĽ࣬ȴӸëˡ
뵽ڵŻһѪ޸ëƲ¡
ۿŸ͸ëĻæ峤峤ǲܼ޸ëӵġ
۵ľСӣһŮ֪ྐྵȻԼҶӣæŮ֪ҪҪͬ޸ҶӣҾȥҶˣå
ĸӰչʱ򣬾˵⻰ӰûЦ
ȵ֪ľȻǴĶӣڻ֮Ȣˣ
ӰĵȻжĥ
ղ·ϣ˵龭Ӱ²ʮ֮˾ĸĸ⡣
ʮĸȵĽ࣬ҪȻҪѪˡ
ĸЦǱˣŮ֪ԼҶӸ΢˿
ᱻŸⲻùĸҴҪȥسǸˣåŵĲ̱ڵأ־
ղΪɶĽأҪĽ౻ӸëȾͺˡ
ۿĽ֪ˣʼֻţæ峤£峤ҲޣҲҪ޸ë
֪ǲӦ̫ңͻȻŻ
զ֪ǲǳθã
զò֪զ£
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һﾹȻҪٱǰһ󷢺ڣĲվ壬Ѫɫȫޣ֡
ëһʼҲǸЬ˭ȢϱأټҲëߴ۾⣬߷ֶ־ëҾҪ֪൱ϱҪȻԺûϱզ죿
Ҳ֪ԼҶӵĵԣҪǴ֪࣬ԺҪˣﵱҪ޸ϸңھȥسǸίٱЬ
һԷҪȥسǸίٱŵ۰һ˹ȥ
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ⲻƫԶӵĴ峤Ҳͬˡ
ص˸ţλ֪࣬ڼ˾ڴ
ΪҹŮģ峤ʾǸʮƫƧԶ͹ȥˣλ֪϶ܲˡ
ӰԴ峤ûȡĽôСʧѰ÷ѩ͵ԶԶܲҲ
οԺʮɲùϱӰ÷ѩں綼ܲˣ˵Ĵˡ
峤˵ǱĶ˳ɵĻأ޹Ů˸ɵĻͬ˲࣬Ӱ԰÷ѩȥǱ߸ˡ
ϾŰ÷ѩڴ˵ǸذըҪ֤Ű÷ѩڴԸʵڲĵĺܡ
ҵӰ÷ѩʳ÷ѩû滰ֱһֲ³
ҪǽԷ֣ͬ˵Է͸¶ء
Ȼ̽ʲǾֻ˿ˣͲŰ÷ѩʱ˵滰
Ӱ峤ߵʱ򣬱֪һҸպһλ֪ΪɶһֱҪң
˵Ӱۿ΢΢ͨ죬峤᲻ͬġ


51 
,峤֪ͨ÷ѩȥѾȥˡ
ҪŮ֪̫Ầ֪,ѴĻ̻̣ϴˡ
ǰЩ,ϴ󲻹ⷸŮ֪ȥڷ๵ϣŮ֪֪͸,֪Ů֪ྐྵȻܾٱϴ
Ǻһ˵£ƽ𻨼ұٱһسνֱȥũ³ô峤һҲ
ֳˮ£֪Ѻ󣬵һ¾ҵλհŮ֪,ͬһܣ֪㵽˵ǰָ֪ʹɵġ
ڴ󲿷ִ˺֪֪඼֪ˮλָ֪ʹ,Ŀľĵ
峤濴λŮ֪ΪˣӰĿͬˡ
Ҫλ֪ó,һȢ˸ЬڵĶϱզϡ
һӶˡ
峤˹ĶеŮ֪ӽ,˼ӣ붼
ϣ
ôȱֺݶŮ֪ǺǲҪˡ
Ů֪ڴ壬Ầ˸ˡ
֪ˣ鷳֪ͨң
峤֪ͨ,Ӱһȥ
ȹȥ,峤ڣＸӳҲڡ
Ů֪֮ǰ,峤ͬＸӳһ¡
Ｘӳڵ֪λŮ֪˾ٱ峤ҵԼڳºһã׼ߡ
Ҫ֪λŮ֪峤Ϻ˶ܾٱ,˭֪ԺΪС»ٱ˭
峤÷ڸ๵ܾٱˣҲ̫ˡ
ôݶ֪Ҫ
峤ʱͬƫԶӵ˽棬˶ʮûȢŵĹ
Ϊ׵ƫԶɽӳ֮һ
峤Լ˵Ǳ̫Ůͬ־Ըȥ֧ԮŮʮֲ⡣
ԣƫԶ峤˵Ůͬ־ȥǴ壬üˡ
ƭİ÷ѩͲԾˣȵ֪峤Ҫȥ塣
÷ѩʧɫ
ٿЩЬû·ãһһ󣬲֪ĻΪؤ÷ѩתǰڣԵ
ҲҪߣҪں硣÷ѩУⱲԸҲ֪
峤ͼӶӳΪԺʮҵʱ򣬺簲ȣ¡
Ը硣
ϱû֪ȥĸңɶصĻŸ֪ɡ
һЩƯŮ֪࣬һЩƫԶΣա
÷ѩԽԽ£ſڱţԶԶƼӰУӰǲ⺦ңҪȥسǾٱ㻹ˣʶίˣҪٱǣ
ջмͬ鰲÷ѩļӳ÷ѩٱĻˡ
ͬί˻йϵɫ׷䡣
ˣ󡢷ʵҪˡ
ӳʱʮҴ峤ߣҪλŮ֪ڴ֪Ҫֳ¡
ӳԽԽҡ
ƫԶＸ̫ƫƧ˸ССģʮƯƫԶ۾ֱˡ
ϣ
СҪһǴ̫ˡ
峤ĵȻƼ˵ʾСǺˣϹҴˡ
÷ѩſɶڣӰ治ɫ峤ҽʰ֪༸Ϊɶһֱҹȥ뺦ҺҼң
峤ͺԳʮͬҹŮ켸ӳȻҲ˵֪ͬλ֪ܻλ֪ȥƱĵġ
˴峤ͬ⣬Ӱ
÷ѩҪ˴ӰƫԶ峤סŮ֪զ
÷ѩʮ˸Ͻſ֡
ſڿ˵ϹſˣĵǴеǰ취βŮ֪ࡣ
ۼ÷ѩӰֻ֪࣬˵仰ȻҪǲ˵ھߣպãҲˡ
塯̫壬÷ѩ۾ɵͨ죬޲˺ӰˣҪ峤ܰߡ
÷ѩԽԽޣֻ޵ƴôûӰһҸٱˡ
ҪӰһڱɻӾͺˡ
÷ѩ룬ȴ涯֣Ӱˣߵ¾ûлء
÷ѩЩˣæװϴӰҴˣҸղŲٱ㣬һֱ㵱õѣӰҳ峤飬Ҫߺòã£治ָʹģԸĸسѧǰ;ϵġ
Ӱ﷭˸ۣ˵Źˣȴҿǿǣм㣬ʵңҾͰ飡
÷ѩﲻ֪Ӱʲôλ׳ҵ£ϧⱲܸλδ׳
÷ѩ۵ͶʼɣȴúúãӰɶҶߣֻҪϰ飡
˵
Ӱûʱ˷ѣֱʣ֮ǰ˵Ҷһ£Ҷҵ׻ʲô£
÷ѩѹû˵滰ߣӰȵ֪࣬ҪֻһЩٻŪңߣҲ峤飬˵ƫԶɲǺӹĺãЩеɫƯŮ֪࣡
÷ѩĺ󱳷ӵİ÷ѩȻ֪Ů֪ȥƫԶӵ³
÷ѩһʼӰӰȾҳȥҳȥɶ¶㣡
Ӱ޶ԣ÷ѩӲƶ϶ΪԼҵҲǴˣһɶ˵ˣӰϾզ죿
÷ѩӰҪȰѾҳȥ͵ҳ°ɣǲ˵ģ
÷ѩ䣬ӰתҪߡ
÷ѩҵвۼӰҪˣ÷ѩˣæסˣӰͲ£
÷ѩսҲȨ˭
Ӱص֪࣬Ȼ㲻ϸңҲ˷ʱ䣬˵㲻ǽңҶҳ´ɻӣôͻȻʮֲȻҶô飬Լͼǣ
Ӱƣİ÷ѩ⧲
ԭӰôִλ£Ϊλ׳ʮи顣
ҲǣӰһλ׳ҪɻӵܲŲƲϵ
÷ѩĻʱֻӰˣ֪࣬һ峤˵⼸˶ûȢϱ˵ȥǴᷢɶ£
⻰ѹ尲÷ѩһݣıҡҡ׹վȣ·ںµͰＷѹͺ鲼֫ٺ
֮ǰ÷ѩͲͬλ׳֣ۼӰ治λ׳ҡ
÷ѩױе˵˵ֻ˵ǣۣɶ£
Ӱͣ½Ų÷ѩæԼ֪ȫ
ԭиø磬Ǹʦг졣
ǰλȥաޣȢһصŮˣһѪӡ
飬Ӵؾ
칤æûӣ¼ҴĸȢ˸ϱ¾ͳϱϡ
ȢŮѹɶŮˣ칤æŰӣеͷ
⺢ӡ֣ȳһţһ
򷣹򣬻ԷҲ˵ʣ
һεȳ췢ԼӶ˹ȥ֪Ů˸ɵ¡
ҪͬŮˣŮͻȻܳ⣬һҺʹ󲮼ҡ
ӰɫʮѿȻ֪ԺϵԽԽϽɳµ󲮼ңôܻҡ
֪Ӱ룬÷ѩΪøǹ̸¼Ҵ󲮼ҵģ׸磡
ϱ˵ˣ˾ͳĸԸ̣ǳ˾ţ˾ĸ᲻СӣѴӳˡ
ϱһ£¼ҴһƲϵʾǳ˾ͳĸ׶ӣܺĶϱǳ˾ͳĸ׶ϱûϵ
ǸѪӡҲҪˡ
ϾԼӣӡ֣±⺢ۡ
ܸӶȢϱҲ֪¼ҴһҶԳ׳׸̬ˡ
ˣ¼Ҵ󲮻Դȥίٱ˾һҡ
ԭ³˾а취ѹ£ѳ´
˾һֻǣ¼Ҵܴջجج
Ϊ˱¼ˣλھջþҪĳ׳ȥı߽֧Ԯ
Ҳˣ˾ĸ˵Ǳ·ţʵҲݣλ׳սѹũδܶǣ
÷ѩȻӰ֪λ׳ȥֿı߽ܻƾͣ
δ˾һһƽ
ϱӺ˾ƽλ׳¼һҷޡ
Ψһλ׳ʮܴǣֶӱŰ˵㾫⡣
λ׳ȥ߽ɲã¼ûƽ¥ɱˡ
¸λ׳Ĵ
˳׳ֶɱ޹ؽҪ£¼һҺǷޡ
÷ѩӰλ׳ϳ¼ҡ
ֻҪӰ֪λ׳ֿı߽һӣӰ϶Լһȥ
÷ѩ۵Ƶ¼ȻûʲôǣܿҪתȥԶı߽һӴӰȰ㻹ǸϽˡҪȻԺҪһȥı߽ˣ󻹻ֶһȥôᣬսʹƿɣ
ΪɶҪҶ֣Ӱʡ
˵ʵҳĺࡣ벻Ǳɻӣȥı߽һӡ
Ҫͬʶû϶˵ԷٺãҲԷ߽һӡ
紦϶ԶԷȻи飬û˼Ǿ١ãԸͬ˼Ҵ󣬿˼һ£ƲϵԼ
Ҳˣȥ߽ô̳ǣԺ϶ܹӡ
ˣֻҪѰ÷ѩߣǹˣԺĻ
硢ĸѧ޳ԺҲóԸˣҲԽԽá
Ҳõļˡ
ʲʲô÷ѩò˿ΪԸˣæӰǲΪҸ˵ЩܾһңˣŮѾȥˣϾҪӾȥı߽ˡʱһӶôǱߡ
֪ˣӰɫƽ
ӰҪǱ߽÷ѩѪɲţӰػ÷ѩܿ㲻֪ԶҪȥˣһӿܶˡ
ҵ£֪ûϵôð֪ͬҶֵرģ
÷ѩɫʮѿ͵Ӱֻǹ㣬뿴Ϊһ˴ôԶĵطˣܲǸġ
ܲܵǸͲͰ֪ϹˡӰͻȻ
ʱ峤ͬ˵ˣ춼찵ҹŮôûȥ
Ӱæ壬ҳˡ
÷ѩӦæеӰ˵Ұ峤飬Ҳ뿪磬죡죡
شǲܵ¡
дӦôӰߵſڿһ۰÷ѩ̧žߡ
Ӱƭң÷ѩӰ뿪֪Ȼˣһѡ
ŶԷղŹ˵ҪͬƲϵͷβƭǹƭ˵ҵ¡
װõİ÷ѩķըؿŭͣڣ㱻˹ȥ
ߵſڵӰͻȻͣ½ŲŰ֪ôϣҸҶ֣ģһӶܸҶ֣˸֪߰һϢҾҪҶ֤ˣԺҼ޼漦޹湷ȥĶҾȥĶ
÷ѩ׽סԷһһӲֻܸҪ֤ĻŲѪ
뵽ӰδմΪ׳ˣ÷ѩʼɷˣָħֻһͷӰƾɶ֣Ϊɶ֣
÷ѩʼɵؿڷĻŭģȻŻһѪ
ȼƫԶ˽ϳȥţ÷ѩŵļС
ʹ鲻ͣ峤ʹＸӶӳġ
ȿӰʹ峤ӳ޶ԣ÷ѩһӰ峤ӵļӳ໰һ䲻ظԽԽ
ӰĸȥʾҪһᱨеˣҪٱˣȥ
峤ͼӳɫ࣬ţϼƫԶŮ֪ô񶾺ҪԼҴǱŮͬ־ʵ̫٣ǶҪˡ
ţԶ÷ѩԽԽС
հŮ֪ڱߣ峤ͼӳ˿
Ů֪զô
ϣ
ÿŮ֪ߣҪȻݶĳдǱƽĺӡ
ӰۿŰ÷ѩţߵûӰ÷ѩﺦԭ˴ߣӰҲòð÷ѩֻأӦˬ
˼ңĸģĸŮϰŻæȥ
ӰȻ˵滰˵ʵ÷ѩߺ˿ÿ˶֣Ҳۡ
ˣŮ˵û֪Ů֪ҪŮ֪Ҫ޸ϸҶӸëĸ


52 
ĸҪϸҶӸëŮ֪еͬ,ھӴ߶֪֪󣬱ϸҾϺƹˤͬհŮ֪һܡ
˵հŮ֪ĶŮ֪ˮĵ,ĸû
˵֮ǰдﲻ˻ûлУɵ̥ȥ֤ʵ,ʵЬ¡
ҲˣΪ˲ϸҾٱ,ٲԸҲֻܹԹͬȥϸҡ
Ȼͦ˵ϸңһʵ˼һҾʮҺˡ
һҲǴҴյһңһҹ¶ĸ
ӣϴǸʿ,ϱļ޺󣬸һһŮ,СڼũǸʮʵԸ
ǰ,С˵֪Ů֪,Ȣؼңֱʾ֪ҲԸ޸ֶֶŮȻˡ
ĹﻹȢʶֵ,Ҳܽ̽ϴµʶ֡
ǸͰദԸ,˵ںǹ¶ĸΪд峤ɲȰ,ϴ󲿷ֵĸÿ׬ʮ֣ϴµҲҲ׬㹤ֺ,һӹʮֲ
ɶʱ֪ú֪࣬Ҫ˲ͬӵ¡
֪ͳˮһ̯¡
ȵ֪֪಻ˮƱģǰЬñḶ̌¡
Ҫûһͨ£˭֪ǲѾͬŮ֪޸ˣСӽˡ
Ů֪һʼͷϣͻȻָѡ
ŹŮ֪ϱȥسѧ˼ұҾӸгϢѡ
һ뵽ⲻҪŮ֪һʼҾӽ̣˵ϴԼʵ
뵽¡
ҪŮ֪޽ţԺкӹ
Ů֪ǰ͸Ьӵ˭֪Ժ᲻Ӵñ
Ů˼ôŮ֪ܻŮá
ﵱˣŮֲ֪ӣæϴýţ͸Ӷס
ڵ֪ϲŮ֪಻ļЬʵҲ̲¡
Զ׵ûԡ
ʵϣʱ¸淢ͬ޸ϸҵȻļ޸͵ĶӸë
ʵ
֮ǰʵɿѹ䲻տʼҲΪʵʿþڴﵱСѧʦ
µظɻɡ
Ҳ˻޹ȥҹ¶ĸдѸ
Ժ޽ҿ϶кӹ
¶ĸģʹˣҲԺˣﻹ
Ҳȫģտʼʵϡ
ֻ÷ѩĶͻĶˣҲͻ˶󣬸֪㴲ϵڡ
Լ˰÷ѩĻֺľȵĽ࣬ȥ޵ĻǹĶİ÷ѩ
ڶѾҹϺˡ
˸󳤵Ҳɱ͵ĶӺüٱ
ԽԽڣʱֻҪһǮסϸҾٱ죬϶û¡
ĺܺãɵ壬Ǳ峤֪ͨԺüµظɻСѧʦְλˣȥʱ˼Ѿˡ
ǺҲ˵
ңӰھһϵĿǺ
ڶ·ȥسǾȸĸ籨֪÷ѩ˵ĹҵϢ
˵÷ѩ˵ŮѾˣ˭֪˵Ǽ٣Ӱûȫţֻϣڷ籨ü
հ÷ѩ˵ģϱȻоû£϶û÷ѩ˵ô򵥡
Űֶӣ⺢Űһһ졣
ʵ벻ŮôݶŰһĺӡ
Ӱĵ籨ǰصȥڵľ
֪ԼųͬɩӴ
Ӱȥĵ籨籨ǰǮֶ࣬켸ʮǮ
籨Ӱȥ繤Ĺ硣
ⲻ类֪ͬͨԼС°æȥʳó緹
绹ֱʸԼô˼ˣϲɶܵ㣬ǧ
ϴԼСٷûϣϱݣʮΡ
Ӱڵ֪ԼҶÿ¹ʴ󲿷ֶҪϽŮˣʱ
Ҳ˺üˡ
˵ʵԴӵ֪һֱñŮӰǾϽЩι˹ˡ
ʳô˵ӰøƯ磬֪Сúÿݲ˶صظСס
Ӱлʳһ¡
ʳˣԵͬк
ȴԴԼС˺󣬸кͬ¼ֱҪ̫ࡣ
ͬ£׷׷Ź⿴Сá
ϧС˾ٶҪȻ绹ԼСýǳĶ
СóôãҲöûƼЩͬ¿С۾ֱô
ⲻԼϱĲ׵£ԼС˸ǿƷве
֪͵ôСԶٷɶҪϱܶ
ڵÿԼСҵ˾ٺö
ȸԼСüһ⣬ʳĺʮֲӰ˿ڣζǲġ
ٷ˵Ϻ±ϣֻ˽͡μϣζ˵ʳôͦյġ
Сãզĩûɶ¾ȥ¿
磬ܺã㲻õġӰ΢٣ͻȻһתֺ棺磬զɩ϶ģ
Ҷû룬ֻΪԼСð¡
Ҵ϶˼ͬԼС˵˸о̸ҶҶûɶҲ˵˴¡
Ӱ֪ԼҶڸеʱλɩɩһʼƲ
ϾƲСӣ˵ԼզŬ׷ˣϲĹóԵġ
ʱҲسǹˣѹûɶǮĶ죬ʱڹӪһ԰æӡ
ûǮҲæĻ찵أ̰ڡ
żʣĺò˺ͷܴء
᲻óԣԼϲĹԣȻҪؼңҲһݻؼҡ
ɵʱسǼ޶飬ؼ٣ĺò˴󲿷ָԼҶԡ
Ҷ粻֪˵˴ʾɩȻﾭܾ
͵ĺóԵģȫˡ
Ʋ϶ҲǶкøˡ
Ӱһİ˵λɩʱб˲ռɵӡ
иɵͳԵģܲԣڿʮسҲԲˡ
Ӫķ˿϶ҲǺö
ЦŸпⲻиջôտʼɩһֱ˵󻹲Ǽ޸磬úùˡ
Ӱ


53 
ڵ֪ôͬԼҶ̸޸,Ӱֻ˹ˣԷθڶûˡ
µʱȷʵ磬ͻȻѡͬ紦Ҫ޸,Ϊмҽ̵ġ
ӰԽԽĸû,ȴ˽ô꣬˼ôĹŮ
˵ﷴӦ,ʱӰķζЩը
ٿɵ绹Ϊ̰ͼôϲ޸ҲúùӣӰ궼Ѫˡ
ǰզ֪е㾫ĶҲôأ
ҲǣҶʵ,ù
СһֱвˣɻæʵС,զǲǲ˲θڣҪȥһݣ
ʳò˻ǲģ׼Բ,һԼдؼԡ
,磡Ȼǲ˲θڣǱˡ
һ˲ֱӰֱӸˣ
û֤ݣƾ˵,ڶλɩи,δػţҲ״ݾߡ
ͬ緹,绹Ҫϰ࣬Ӱˡ
Сóſڡ
ЩûԼСãСڼסһС,ҪסңպܾҲûֶŮˣֶŮĿɺװ׾ĸСԽԽˡԺ϶һƯ
Ӱզôȳ
ǺӻˣӰĵƼǺӸѪ
ԭļһֱɩֻŮ⣬絹ŮʮֳǸŮǹŮĺ
Ķˡ
Ӱͬ鿴ԼҶһۡ
СãզզúóԷҲضĻǲ㻹ϴɩ£ɩˣǸҲ㱣֤Ժɩ϶ˡԴӳϴε£ٽ㹤ʸϱԺˣҲǮòˡ
磬ݵʱˣȥסˣﻹڼҵһȥءԺҪɶʱȥסҰɣӰ
æΨһã㣿
ǳɣ磬ˣ
Ӱ֮ǰ˲ʳƷƱһѩԼʮǮߵǮ˽ǮƽϲĶ
Ҵˣˣ֪ɶʱֻôһãܲԸ裿
ѩ࣬˵ѩͿƤá
СƤʵڰ𪣬Сûһ覴ã̾ԼСƤզôô
ǰϱˣڷСƤϱ̫Ҳ̫ˡ
ͷҲںڣԽԽƯСǾٶԼС
Ӱû뵽ѩ໹ʮǮ
Ҫ֪سǹ˹ձʮʮ飬ʮǮһʴĿ
ǰҲûԭöȷʵ
ӰҲӹˣǮ²ӣֱλɩ
磬ˣ
ӰߺһȻвͬ´ԼСá
ⲻиͬµĸҲСá
ͬ½д죬䳧˽д쳯
˳Լҵܵܣ֪Сã
컹صس˵Լ׸䳧ϰࡣ
䳧ڿʮֳģ翪ģһ´ʮ飬вһʮ
⹤سǿʮָߡ
һͬбµġ
ͦĶģĵҪͬͬ˵϶ԸСýܸ硣
Сöиٶˣæ߶ԷԼСѾжˡ
ʮʧ
ѵһ֮ǰ˼ζûˣѵһȻжˡ
ҲǣСﳤôƯû
ֱͬӰԭȥԼҶɩڵķ֯
Ҹ¹
ſĶǴɫװĹˡ
Ӱҵһʮ괩ŲĴæʵҶɩڳﲻʶ
δһԷСӣɫ£˵ʶ
ͼСﾹȻһżƱб˲ռɵӣδæɩƻڳ˰㺰һ
Ӱæסδ治ΪɶɩģҲˣسǶס죬ȷʵʵ
˵ҹ᲻ˣǶɩԸҲԸסҡ
Ҳûôʱ춢ˡ
Ӱ˼ֻ˰Լλɩ
ӰŴһʳƷƱʵҲصҶɩģҶɩҸìܣⲻҶٻؼе㵣ô²ͷùͬ¶չһҶɩƽҪпܲܰҶŵҶɩƼɩӸİһ
δﱾΪĹϵǰƯСҲûɶøС
˵ûɶøУΪһƼһ͵͵
ǸΣҹܶΣһֱͬ˵׸硣
Ҷˡ
ԴһƼ͵͵죬δ粻ʮ
ټƽ˲զְδ͸ûɶøˡ
ⲻС˵졮顯δ²϶ͬҸϡ
С羹Ȼô
δһʱͬǰСλ磬̬ҲһЩ
δȻ֪Ҹ㣬ɲϹͱ˼ҵ£ⲻƱС
Ӱܾλδ￴񲻶ԣƺ֪ɶ
ӰæִӶóüϡʳƷƱδеǲҶɩɶ£ǧҪҺû˵˵
һżƱδﻹܲϡ⼸űȽϡʳƷƱδʮĶ
δԥǽӹȷһΣɩӣ
ǻм٣Ҷǰɩأ˵ţӰһò
δҲˣһʱг׼ʱڳſڽء
ͬµ֪ǸСӣ͵͵˼ʱ˺ôһͨ
ٺûˡ
δ²ʮ֮˾˶ˣҲûˡ
˾ͳøС˵һ
δֹеᣬԼһɧ
ӰԽȷδ֪ɶʵҸ˵ʵɣҽ֯Ҷɩ֮ǰСƼҶɩһر׽Ū
ɶ֪ˣδһѿڶ
Ȼ
֪ɶӰæ϶֪ҶɩһЩ£Ͻ˵˵ҿ϶˵ģԺҼɶ·ûϵ
˵Ӱ˵ԼҶжãԼҵҲʮֲʮ硣
ĺδߡ
˵ˣδҲˣѼʳƷƱ͵͵ɨܣ˴ӹսǣ͵͵иİ˾˵ˣ˵׸˵һͨ
δСüʳƷƱԥһҲǰЩɩİҲһ˵ˡ
δۼСɫԽԽѿĶŮɩɲɶöϱҪҪûӣϽɩˡ
δﻹ֪ȻСӣСŬسǹôСȻƲϡ
δҲ֪˵ɶˡ
˵Сӳˣеڣ˸һƾͦ׵ġ
Ӱ˼ֺͼһɶʱɩ
ȵ֪Ǽǰʱ伸ˣһһΣ󲿷ܶ
Ӱлλ
δڰֱʾûɶͬ鿴ǰСһۣˡ
֪ǲɣӰҪ뿪֯Ȼǿ
ǿƼС۾ĸݡ
ϴ׺ֿͬˡ
ǰ໹УԴӼСúǿǰ󳤵һ㡣
ҪҶһ٣üȥء
ʱƼСվԶСְ𪣬黨ǰ¶Ķͷͦ΢̣΢Ļ괽Ưˡ
֪СñϴεһμƯǿֱ۾
æȥڣСãզǲɩҪȥ㺰ˣ
ӰǿûɶøУĿƵƵϣӰüͷҲܾˣ
˵Ҫˣǿס
ʱɩһճ
ǿæ㣬Сˣ
ȻСӣǰһСͲ¥ܻ׼Ǻ
ûƼӰȴ۾һһֱСðǾٽܸء
ϴӦĺúõģȴһֱûже㲻⡣
ƼˣæѽⲻСô˵ֳӰкСãɩ緹ûСӿ϶û緹ҪǴȥʳóԸ緹
ǿҲͱʾȥʳóԷ͡
Ӱڣ֯˶϶ƼۣҲæСӣ
ôͬ¹עҲúˣϼһ˿ӲЦݣСã緹û
Ӱڿû˼ɩɶ緹ڵ֪ûٱͬ͵飬ԼһƲסѲϣˣˣ
ȵȣ㲻ǻе¸С˵ʹɫ
ﲻ֪˵ɶ£ûǰ߶ǾõĹۣٲСãҲֻܵСãǲʶһ٣
Сüǲ壬æʾһسǹƼǣƼСǾٵĳȥء
ӰۣһʱȷԷɶע⣬СãͬǾΣ˿Ե֣˵ǲǣҪɶʱǾٽܸʶʶպǳǾر䡣
Ա΢죬ߣ˵ɶأӰСãǾɶΣզʶ٣
Ӱ
Сãզ˵üͷһǿҲԼСá
ӰһֱӦɫҲӲСҲǾٵ⣬˵Сãǳˣã˼Ҿټ϶ҲҳϱǲҲϲǾ٣һ¹ȵǱˣ´ζɩ˶󣡡


54 
ӰۼյŮ˾Ȼ,ﻰѶø
ӰΪԼҶñѻ
ڶԷôߣӰûԷ,ĳſڴɩϴҵҸ缸һ,Ҷȥ⣬Ǵ,ڻﻰ¹ҰԼøѣզɩ,㿴ƶũ
ӰһΧ֯Ĺ˶⻰,׷ͣ۷׷ס
ϴͲ¥Сôһѣ˵ûˡ
ۼСǹ,ѿƶũñӿͷ,ɫ䣬š
ӰɩϴҾ˵˼벻Ͻʵڲ̫ʺϵˣλͬ־,˶,Ʋƶũ,ҵ쵼ú˵˵
˵Ӱȥ
һϵоٶǿĿɿڴ˷ӦʱѾˡ
˴ʱŰ,һæܽȥ
˵Ӱ쵼칫ҷˣŵվЩվȣĲˤ
ΰ칫Ҵ⣬˾Ӱθ״ŵֱ¡
СõΣ뷴ӳǳλ˼벻ϽƶũŮͬ־һλŮͬ־һλλŮͬ־Ҿ˼벻ϣʺϵˣ
վſ͵Сһ䡮ʺϵˡŵĻɢɫɷףĸ̱ڵ棬ǰһת˹ȥ
ǺΪɶҪСðѾٽܸϴ֪СõǨŭСþȻôɩ棬Ĺ
ҲʮֶֺʼɣղС˵Ǿ
һ㶼š
ʱ򣬴Ҷ緹֪˳°ԣٰԵĴ׷׸ŹһЩԡ
ΰ칫ҡ
֯ǸʮŮˣͻȻ״СﻹЩˡ
С״ǰЩԼ͵ԼѵôӴ·سǣȥԼ׶硣
֪հһҴȥͱλɩݡ
ò˸ٶԭ˵¹䲻Ͼ٣Ѷø
Ŀɿڴĸֱʶ˼һţ׶ɩ
Ӱͷ
վ͵СְϴǡݡĻ˵
治ٴҲ׷ñѪ
֪Сôǳ𣬵ôܰ仰˵ڣڵĳӶˡ
˶סˣæȥ
ȷϱʾԼû˵Щ
ӰɩզԭôҪͲ¥Щǰ䣿
ɫɷһֱﲻ
ģƲףֻû뵽Ȼˡ
Լҹݡ˼ȷʵ
æΣĻ˵ֳӰСãƾһ˵Ǿ󣿡
Ӱͬ־ûмǴղ˵ϴƼͬҶڹ֮󻹼Ҷĳش壬Ҷң
ҭɫǺ죬ʾ˵ţܹƾһ˵
Ӱɴִӿռŷ٤ֱϣҶֱ
ҲϳֱӣҪƱÿٿǮʱСðôֱϣӶɳ
ȻôֱСǮǾǾٶġ
һ뵽СһǮľٶջģֱ·Цžžϴ
ζӳ£ֲš
С˸ǮľٶզԺٶͬǾȢһ¹
ôһ룬źһЩ
ȴǶʼɣܸСôֱǾټǮ뵽ʼɡ
μСﾹȻóôıǾٶɶһˣʱҿˡ
վȸӰǸȻдһǧֵļ֡
ʱڳǰһһԼɶС
һҪڳǰԼĴˡ
Ǽ֣ԺڳǻɶԺҵĭǡ
ҪԼԼ£޲ιȥ¡
µʱڳﶼܳˡ
ɫ׽
Ӱλεĳͷ֮УϾڿ˿ɲǼ򵥵£Ƿɶ
ͷصҲᡣ
ڵļֿɲǼ򵥵£൱ڼ򵥵ġڹǧǰ֡
ʱ˻߷뵽Ǹ龰ӰЦԺڳҲˣְˡ
Ҳа취ɲɹˣֻҪȥίᣬƲƶũⶥñӸʵˣ˱ù
ڻû飬ӰҲǣ硣
˵ڷ֯߼ץء
ڸǰͬӰǸ
Ӱϣͬ־ͬ־˼ԺһЩ𶯲ƲƶũҪȻ´Ǹί
Ӱ˵ߣȴίᡯŵѪɫȫޣ̱ڵء
Ҫȥ˸ίᣬܵˣ
Ҳһ
˷֯Ӱͦá
ǿס뵽ղСģǿôˡ
ǿֺֻڣСãгش壡
ˣλͬ־Ѿ˵жˣѲҲȥͬ쵼ú˵˵Ӱһ仰ŵǿٲֻ۰ͰͿߡ
Ӱ˷֯һֱץ⣬ɴֻ繤Ǳһˣصϲʶһҫˡ
ҶǸͬѧҶ᲻ʶСãզ֪ɶ
Ӱ磬ͬѧе°æ
绹ԼСҫأϾҫڸлдʫرŮͬ־
СãҫˣҲжˣɱϹ֡
磬ֻ˰æӰ
ȴе֪ǸʦȻסǶͲ¥¥£Ӱûֿڡ
˻ǰܹϡ


55 
شǰ,ӰصȥһͲ¥ȷҫҾס¥¡
Ͳ¥дҫҲȷʵ,ȢŮͬ־ǸˣнӢ
ӢͲ¥,˲ƽϻТ˳ǰʱҫ岻,ȥչˡ
ҫֲסسҽԺŮͬ־Ҳ鶼ȥչš
üһ
ԼϱȥչԼԼڼҸ㣬ѹʱ侭ȥ֯,Ҹ㡣
զֿûأⲻڻŮͬ־
Ӱ˴ҫסĸسҽԺ
Ϣ,ӰȥҽԺһˡ
ҽԺӢŲ,ιԶ,Ϣ
סԺϵĴ׷׶ҫϱТ˳֮ǰǲ֪Ϊ׹Ůأ֪˼Ҷϱ
ҵôһТ˳ĶϱĽ
ЩǿǼ˼ϱҽԺææ⣬չԼš
ŷƢҲûϱ,ϱȢĿá
ͬļĽ
ҫȴʮֲ⡣
⼸,ϱǸµĸ֤ô,һӶ
֮ǰĶ۰ȥͲ¥סҪͲ¥ֻʮƽҫﶼһҲȥס
ҫе,֪Ȣ˸µĸզͬԼҶͬǸĹһء
˵Ӷˡ
ҫӣ֮ԲͬСȢĶ󣬾ǾǶ̫Ƣá
ʱѾϱϴϱ϶ϱʡ͵ĵƣҫﵱȻСȢƢͺġ
кƢ͵ĽӢ֪СϱȻǸµĸ
ҫһӢһʧ䡣
Ҳϧ⼸ǲ֪ԼΪɶϡ
ľͷһῴ¸ɣҫ
ȥˮӢˮš
ĵҪôТ˳Ķϱ粻֪զˡ
ҪʱʱϱƢλҪﶼûɶøС
ӰվⳤȣӢæǲǽӢͬ־
ӢǰƯСվǰɻǣǣ
λͬ־ղתһţдģݵȻǼҫλöɩ͵ˣûسץ飬ָֻλͬ־ˡ
λͬ־Ӱصди׹Ů¡·κŮͬ־Ͼ̲ˣҪ϶͵͵ץȥίٱˡ
ԼⱨӦ
ӢûɶɣӹûˮȥװˮӰջҪ˼ܴ̼ҪҪο䣬ԷûţӰֻߣֻλŮͬ־㡣
Ӱͷ࣬·ش塣
쵽ĵʱӰʱӿռԼһŹǺͼԼ廨һһͷԼһϹóű¨ߡ
ȥ·ϣͬ˴кֶӡ
ȴ󻢺СڣĶʣСãСã˵ȥسˣиɶóԵĲ
飬СҲ飬СԴͰͿӰ
ӰֶֽۣӲ飬ߵͷУ
ֶ˲ǣӰֻһÿ˷
㻹ŰǣһγԽĴ󻢶Сһҧһڽ
ִĽֱȴǶóԡ
ֶӳԵ۴С
ûھͱֶӳ꣬ССԵڶ򣬱ߵ⿴硣
ɰѴ󻢶ĲУ׷׻Ӱ
ⶫϻӰûֻСֶӽؼңóԵġ
󻢶СԼСҪóԵģ׷۾
ֶϲľСˣ˭СóԵģСøǿ󳵡
æʣСãɶóԵģ
ŹܲӰ
ŹɶСʡ
⣬̫ˣ󻢶֪Ź⣬ʱˮͬСæ֤һͻȥ
С۴С
ӰֶԴô󻢶Լܵܡ
СãһԽһһ
Ӱͬ⣬ȻСĽֱԼ˾ˣӰĿɿڴ
˺óԵС۴ޣЩڸղզһû˳ԡڱ˶ˣô룬ȴܣȥ
ȴ׷ȥӰæָСһŰ˺ˡ
󻢶ˣӰɴСֶӻؼҡ
СǺԼСãһ·ͬӰӰʮĻСֶӵĻ
ؼСֶŮڰɨظɻʮֶ£ӰæֶָŮÿ
СѾѾѾ㣬Ѿ㣬úóǻóԣ
ӰҪȥæôѾѾæŵܵܡ
֪ˣСã
˫ȥ󣬼û֮ǰæӰĸ沶ڡ
ɩӣӰѱ¡ڳСԣĸæŽţƼԼҹŮһȥسôණ
ĸǽһۡ
֪Ůһȥس׼ǮŮۻԼҹŮϣĸԼҹŮŮĴòˣæŮŮû飬˵ŮĴ㣬ڿɲһŮǮ
Ҫ׼֪ǻˣ
ɩСɩæСñ¨գƼСñ¨Ź⻹а桢ͷɶɩ۾͵ĵɴˡ
ϣкóԵˡ
Ǿ֪Сȥسǣ϶кóԵġ
ӰæǰզҶǮǶʮǮңһѩң
ĸһ϶ԼҹŮǮ⣬ƽ϶ûɶ˽Ǯ
ǰżشҲԼҹŮǮ
ͻȻʮǮԼҹŮϱԼҹŮָŮѩࡣ
϶еģﻹá
ҪȻ´϶ؼңɨˡ
һԴɩСɩ϶ȻСʮǮɩ࣬϶Ҳ̫ˣСѩࡣ
ѩҲܹ֪˵һѩ඼ҪëǮϣԹԣ
϶Сʵ̫ˡ
Ů˶ⲻСѩʮֺ档
СãҪѩ೤ɶɩСȵȲֻѩࡢ֪ͣⶫɶʹҲ򣬱ѩ˶ˣֻҪһëǮ
һëǮԴɩС˵ʮְ
ɩǳҲѩģѩ̫ˣǹûǻᣬ˺ü˽Ǯһѩࡣ
ζɺˣͿƤҲ
ɩĲС
Ӱڣĸȥȥȥɶɶÿģ˵ֳԼҹŮŮպҲˣӶͿͿɶ࣬˵ͿƤܱ϶Ǹһ£
ĸ˵߰ѱ¨Ķһһš
ⲻԼҹŮŹǻ棬йͷǺͽЩԵġ
ĸĶԵˣŮ϶ոʮǮȫ˰ɣ
ŮզַԽԽ󣬵ȴŮȷʮǮ˴룬ĸ۵ιȥˡ
ԺŮȥسǣŮʣµļǮ
ӰǮ࣬Ҳ⼸ǮǮš
ĸطȥǮӰѩɩơ
ҪǶ͵ģѩת͸ɩҲɶ£ģӰת͡
ֻҪͿϴͿһԡ
ѹû뵽Сô󷽣沸ˣǴɩС꣬ղ˵Ϳܱ
˫ɺ˲٣÷ľȥˮϴˡ
ӰڳæŹǷˮѪˮ
ʼˡ
ųûˣӰ棬ɣ̫ࡣ
ɴ˵档
棬棬ȥСԺһѴС
Ѻãľߦߦ󣬷ŴУ߶ۣкãÿѹþɻ״
ɫĴл׺Ưˣ࣬ɫƫƣʮֺÿ
ĸسʱ򣬼ԼҹŮɶϡĶ̵Ĵлĸʮϡ棺Ůɶ
ǻȥʳó緹ˣ˻ζͦģʳô˵һ顣ⲻؼô
ĸɸпԼҹŮզôɣŮԺиˡ
ĸԼҹŮһһʼᣬԼҹŮѧ⻨Żе㸴ӣͦ򵥵ġ
ĸһʱӰʣۼܲ
ȥСԺΣĸ
ĸ᲻÷ͣܲûУֶ࣬ÿ°ϲܲɣ缸£ͷӺϴ󼸸ϲˡ
ӰȥСԺ˼ܲϴɾ
ջ𣬷ŹˮĸӦʱԼҹŮŹȫˮˡ
ĸæԼҹŮʣŹԣֵŮŹǶǹͷسƣԺҪ⣬ǧͷóԣ
ӰĵŹǺòóԣ֪ˣߵŹˮˣȿ϶ˣ˵ۼôˣﹻԡҲˣˣ
ĸۼԼҹŮôŹȫˣæ⼸廨æ
廨ûӰҲģָԼϴԣʾԼҵǹйˣ硢ĸԺ϶ҲгϢҪǰʡ
ĸĵҪԼͷӵйˣԼҹŮȥһسǻô󼸿Ǯ˹ȥҲ϶ûԼҹŮôֱһپͻô⡣
ӰѳõŹǷ߹ˮӽƬжҲѼܲƤп顣
ŹǵʱĸæԼҹŮųš
պ󣬴˶ؼңҪζȥۡ
˵ãԴӼҲٱ£ĸҲ³Ըھۺٱ
ΨһĸѲĻƽ𻨼Ѿڴˣĸæš
˼ӣӰʼ
һĻƳȳȵϹϸˮɶҲ÷ž͸Żһ
㣬Ҵػһŵʮζڼŵζ
ϣ
СóտԽԽˡ
󻢶ر磬ڳ۴УĸϳСԺ档
СһﳢŴŴϹϣ߯óˣҴ˵
ɰҴĿʿˮ
Щˡ
Ҵ籧ȥĸõϹϣӰһŹǺܲҨɰɩС˽ȥ
ĸŴŴϹʮϲԣСһǰԡ
ȻһܲŹˣ󲿷ֶ֪ܲϲֲһСõ
ܲŹζȻʮֺá
ĸζʮֲ
Źãĸ˿ŹǣöõѹǣζóԣܲŹرʡ
զܲŹһȻôó
Ҵ硢ɩҲʮϲܲŹѹû뵽ܲŹôζȻôãͷԵͷǺ
ζĻдζҴر𰮳ԣϲմһųԣԵ̫ͼпŹǺõܲٺһܲŹԵͷ̧
ӰԼ˼ڣֶֶŮһܲŹǰ
õܲŹǳԵСܲ׷С̾۾Ӱ


56 
С,⻨߯óˣҪ´Ҵʵϲϲⲻرθڡ
û⣡ɶ,ӰӦ¡
ĸȴǰܳԱˣڿɺ,ʵϴ󶼿ʼˡ
⻨ζȷʵддζȷʵʮֺó,ɺóԶˡ
ĸ˲٣߸пԼӹһˣʱʱ⡣
ϴͼϱһЩŮɫÿ˲١
ÿͷسǵ,سѧҪȻôȥ,ԵĻš
硢ĸϿ˵ŻĲ,Ӱķ˶ǳԡ
Ҹͬʮ,еζĵĻرϸζ
ĸʾԺ̻ɺóԶˡ
ŴϹҸҲһЩ̵Ϲϣ硢ĸ綼,˼ӾͲ,Ůʳˡ
ӰϹһˮһϹϱˣͼϲԡ
ҸԵܲŹ,õܲŹԼһҸӳޡ
з⣬ÿҼһָܷżҲмŹ,ǰӲŪ᲻óԣǷŵĿˣóˮ
һΣͲϲɶŹˣԼҹŮܲŹĺóԣرζãһ㣬õŹҲѾر𰮳ŹǣܲҲ
׼ʱ׼ʱּŹѧԼҹŮô
ĸͬ뷨ࡣ
ûһܲŹȫɨˣһҲûʣ
˸ˣһ˶ظˡ
ҲûСõѩࡣ
Ϳˣ۵ġ
ⲻջ˯Ҵľ϶Ҫ˯ˣͻȻŵŵζԼϱզôô
ɩСɩضʮֵָ⡣
Է޹һȵҹ
ӰݴԼҶ͵ѩ࣬Ϳ˵ֱϣζͦŵģ̫ˣԺĨĨȽʺϡ
Ӱſռ䣬ֵԼҶҵ£Ҳ֪ӵ籨û
ͬû׼ؼҵĳڽȷʵӵĵ籨
ȿ˵籨ϵɫ䡣
ûŵ籨ϵݣٺ˽ͬ˹׼£˲籨ԴַԼĻ׸סĸɲ¥
¥¥ٺǰԴӹӪķˡ
Եˬ
䱻һƽü۸Ưݵк򷢸ɵĴ۾Ｆϱʿˮ
ѹͷӵϣСΡΡվ߹ȥֱסžһˤСһһ֡
ٺ̧ž͹ȥ˼ţôҪ֣ôң
ٺͬóޱͬѧԳһ飬ò׿ޱ޸졣
ʮ䵭æȻѹʶֶ
ٺѹϲӣϲ֣Ϊ֣Ȼӡ
˿޵ĺãٺȴԼǳıķٺԽԽѻ
Ȼôںӣıȹ硣
ٺһ⣬߼ţͻȻ߿ٺһ
žƼٺŰֶӣѣ۾ɺ죬
ٺƼŽǳɫɷף촽£ǰڣ˹ȥ
ááܡ
û˵꣬һٺ켫߾У̧ٺؿڣһûٺҽһڼԶǽ棬滹³һѪ۰һȥ
ٺȥ۵ɺ컹ûȥ
ƼԼֶӱŮһţСҰݣ˻ţ뵽ƽٺŮ˶ֶӷǴ
ȥ溰Աö⿪Ա¥ƼŵֶӱŻСɷףԱɫ䡣
ٿһԻԵٺ컹ɶ׵ġ
⿪Եֶӳţ֮ǰøɲ¥ﾯԱѺٺȥ
ǣţ
ֶȥľҽԺ
ֱһݵ籨һĸҽԺһˣһݸ硣
¸ĸӵԼҶȥҽԺĵ籨ΪԼҶӳʲô£æҽԺ֪ٺŰӵ¡
ӻ顣
¸ĸĲԵ
ʲôٺŰϴӣ
ٺŰϴӣ
Ȼϴ̣¸ĸһֱϴ׶ӣС¡
ֵܺúദ
ֻΪ̵£ϴĸиҲףҲԼҶӸס
ǰĸϴӣϴԥܾ
´󲮺ͳ´˻ﻰ˾ǹˣҲϣ̫׽ӴϴϴӣϣԼĶǸ˵ġ
¸ĸҲû취ֻܾʱʱٺǮ
ٺǮӵ⣬Ҳʾúôӣ¸ĸΪٺǺõġ
ȴʱС˵ٺϴӣýϴӡ
ղڳϣƼ⺢вɫ׵˿ڣ
˵ĸۿֱͨĨĻ¸ɫ㱳ˣϴٺŮ飡
¸Լӣĵ籨ó
֣Ѿ緢籨ˡ
¸һ뵽ԼӱŰǹֳʶ˲ֻ˹ܺӣЩǨŭ¼ҴϴȢôݶĶϱ
꺢ӶٺŮ˴Ҳ֪Ů˱ôŰ⺢ӡ
ʱ¸Щڵ̵¡
Ҫ¸ôôӹ̣ԭֵܹϵʮ롣
¸ŭԼٺŮˣŰǳ¼ҵӣ¸ŹŮˡ
ȵ֪ŮڱԱѺ¸Ҳûó֪ͨ´һҡ
û˵籨ϵϢϢٺŮ˲Űֶӣܺ⡣
ϵϣٺһܺƱػҺʹ󲮼ҡ
Ϣ͸¶󲮼ΪƲϵ˾ٱҡ
ǰ󲮼ҲûɶУϾ״󲮣λ״󲮺ʹﻹ˽һЩ˶ЩΨͼŮСŮŮʮ˽ǳޱͳ
ٺǳޱͬѧһֱܸ磬տʼԶԷѹûɶ˼粻Ӳ磬ޱôѹ硣
ԳޱûһøС
ٺȥңԳ´һΨͼ˽ƷͬƲϵһġ
Ϊ˳ͬƲϵٱңʮпܣ۵⡣


57 
¼Ҵȫ֪ٺŰܲ,һӻŻȥԺ
ϧһӻûȥͱԺľԱġ
¼Ҵ󲮻óԼǳ˾׸ݣԱ˾ضκ
ԱĻó¼Ҵ󲮻,ھķˮ𻹽е˻ǿǳ˾׸ϡ
Ҫܲ,¼Ҵ󲮲
¼ҴֻԼզôͲˣҪȻܼô
¼Ҵ󲮽ȥԺŻ´,զѡٺôݶĶ
¼Ҵͳޱʮֻ顣
Ͼúǣߡ
ٺ컹ǳޱĺùۣޱٺϲ磬ʱٺ켫ֺóڣޱͬ,ûٺ˵û˵ϲͷ䲻ϳ죿˵ˡ
ٺŰһ,ޱõǨŭԼɷҡ
ܼ޽ңĻõܳĹϵ,ڷܹú,ҲǿõܵĹϵ
¼Ҵﵣĳ¸ͳĸǨŭԳܲģϾٺѡĶϱϱƤŰô֪ʵ˵ȥ
ޱ뵽Լļæ,岻ô죿΢,ж޹ʾû뵽ٺˡҪǵ֪ôݶˣ˵ʲôܸġ
¼ҴҲæʾ޹ٺŮ̫װ,ҵ֪ˣҪ֪ҿ϶ܰ˽ܸ졣
岻ô죿°ҲֲǼͷ,ҪȢٺǴԼٺӵҲԼ
û˵ɶȴͬԼҶ˵Ǵһֱ˵ٺôôãǳϲӣ޸󣬿϶ԺӺãһֱôȢ
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ĸǰѳ¼Ҵͳޱ޵ĲС
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ҪȻͻȻ׶ãСߣҸľٶĻߵСõģСã̫ˣ


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Լͬ˾λûü,ǣԼ
ȴһΡ
ҲСüСøҸٶСøҵľ׶ҲǴԺ˾Ķ,ҲСһֱλгϢĳš
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罷ͷʿˮԼСգԼСѳ׼ԡ
ⲻӰȹҰˣСģģԽķ˻ͦڴġ
ת۵СýҰʱС÷˲ͣ˸ͻ࣬Щɵֻæٷ͡
ʡʡʮһƼС˸ôͣಡƵ÷ˡ
Ӱţ磬ģﲻ˵ɶۼӿɺù̫ˡ
һҰˣӰ罷㣬ģģϣͳ罷
͵ʱһ֪ԼСþȻַ컹÷͡
СðѳõĶ罷ͷϣһƬɫʮʳ
ﻹôڴ
ΪղŽ;ͲˣûһãԼСͽ㣬綼ˡ
һȫǶ罷ζֱˮ
磬ҽеƵ硢ĸǻû
ʱֻҴ磬û硢ĸ磬еʵСãôզû
ȴСõ֪سǼҾ߳ˣҲȥسѧ޳ÿȽ
𾪵ɵԭأ˵ˣ󣬲͵ذθɶСã˵ɶ۵ˣ


59 
һʼΪԼСøЦ,ɶͣ˵سǹǺüĴײˣ
ҴԼҵȷʵسǼҾ߳ϰ࣬˺ü,ﻹһг
羪Ŀɿڴ˶ɵ,촽ֱ£ðﲻһ֡
ҴעԼСĲ,Ƽһʺ⣬Ҵ̿ˮСãɶͷզôôó
Ӱ֪ԼҴϲЦŻҴĻ,㲻ϲصض
Ҵ󲻾,ҲСβͣǴ󻢶СѾѾ
һΧż̨ǰͰͿ
ĸҲ,ô,ＷôˣæѼӸȥԺ棬ҴѲ˶ߵǵˣŮ,Ѳ˶ˣ
,ӰƼֶֶŮˣҲ,ææ˲ˡ
Ҷ绹سǵ˾ˣⲻĸ,سǵˣ
զڲ֪ҲǣϱƲôԺҲйˡĸ
Ƕ϶ϱһɶøжûУƣͬ϶飬˼Σ
ǵöƲңֲôﶼ˵Լ϶ǵŵģĸҪ
Ҫ϶϶ϱкӣǵ϶ϱ鲻ɡ
æҲҵˡ
ĸһ϶ϱŮͦĵģⲻզѺһ
粻˵Լϱ࣬ԸѺӴֻӱȽϲ
ô˵ĸҲ˵ˡ
ĸ˵ʱҴȶ˳ȥ
漸ֶֶŮƼ˵۴С
ӰҲȥ
ʮֺĸԼҵզϹ˵ģȴе֪δ÷æԼҵȥسǼҾ߳˹ˣ硢ĸȥس䳧ѧ
羪Ͱ춼ϲ£𾪣Сöô󣿡
ǣŮТ˳ˣĳЩˣ첲ֻԼϱĸ
类ĸ˵ĳ˳ǣ˵ֻԸϱˡ
СöܸԼҵȥسǼҾ߳ˣȥسѧ
СҲ̫˰ɣ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ѧգۻûԸ̣ʮѧһռжѡ
磬Էˣ
ĸѾˣĸͣг
ԼгӶҪɳˡ
ϣֻһʱûզô仯гˡ
ݳⲻɫرã˺üꡣ
Ҳǣȥسǵˣɫܲã
һ뵽ȻҲǹˣҲЩϱԺ󻹸ƲȲԼϱ˵Լҵسǵ˵ˡ
˾䣺϶ˣ
ⲻעŮĲô
ԴԼҹŮؼҶرͷ
ղƼϸĶǺ㣬ʮʳ
ʳҼĸʮʳ
ȼãһСһԣȫȫӽǵ罷
ȳζȳԼҹŮĶ罷㣬ԼҹŮĴָˡ
ֻԼһӶ׻ˣզôóԵ
ϣŮ̫ˣԺŮиˣ
Ҵ硢硢ĸжչʾԼС罷θڣ缸ͷԣͷ󺹡
Ҵ߳Ա߿䣺Сãɶ罷㣬̫óˣϴλĿζҴпȥץ㣬Сٸԡ
ĸҲԵͷҲ̧ĸվ۳ͣԼҹŮ˵Ŀζʵ̫ˡ
ֲͷӺͼԼҹŮ
ЩϰԼҹŮĲˣŮԺզϡ
ҴҶѾϰԼҹŮСã˵ĺζһγСĲˣǶ罷ͰҰˣԵĶΪˣ¶ۿɼ±ƣõĶ罷㡣
óԵͷҪˡ
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罷㣬ӰϲҰˣ罷ҲûٳԾǣ󻢶ҲͦϲԶ罷㣬̫˵Ͳǳˣֻǳ
ڴѾѾССһճ罷ζͨ죬ԹԳСøǵ
֪罷ǲ̫ˣӰصضɣȻԡ
ĸզ㡣
ĸզʮֱʳˣǳɶ
ĸⲻԼŮҪˣҪȻռʳٶȣʳﹻ
Ӱ˵´ҪĲˣƵٶɡ
ĸһҶ˵
ʰ꣬ĸȥҸӼæѶ罷ʣ֭ɨ˸ɸɾ
Ů罷ʵ̫óˣæĴָ޵͵͵ʾ´ҪôóԵĲˣɶ㡣
ǹˣһ㲻¼ûʳ
һᣬҲæͷɩҲ
Ӱ͵Ц֪ˣ
ԼСķ˺澪ĲУզСĲ˱ǰԹĹӪĻó
ջΪԼСͳɣû뵽ԶԤڣʵ̫ˡ
æСãҲ̫ˣɶʱѧģ
ӰȥسǹӪ˴զģⲻоͻˣ
һզȴֻѧƤëĶ磺
϶׼ڼ죿պùũʮ壬һԲԲԸã˵껹϶զϱ뵽϶ϱңҲͲ˵ˡ
Ҷ᳢ԼСķسˣѵû£ҲǴģĩڣպ÷ż١
ӰȴҶڼ׼ЩסˣһؼңͲ¥϶ٲͬ¥µļ͵飬ӰѲҪȥȥٱ
Ӱ컹ûȥسǡ
Դϴλ˴󼸿ǮŹɶƽնʼȥسǷǮˡ
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ũʮ磬ҸȥԼæӰڼ⣬羹Ȼȵռҵס
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Ӱػ󻢼СãҪ֮ǰ󳵵СøҪģ
Ӱ
һƾǳ˵Ĵſﲻ˵ע⣬ȽҵСԺӡ
ڼھ۾ûͣ
ĸϳϾ׼ҡ
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Ҳúͬĸ˵˵Сü޸ǿ
˵ǿǸسǹˣȻǸиŮĸͬһСһ˶ҹŮĸ֡
ĸСԺſڱ߸ĸǿǿߵ׼ңռСʮҹŮⲻصǣǣýҿ˵ҲԵ֣Сسǹˣһ¹дʮ飬ŮҪǼ޽ռҿ϶ġ
ĸ˵꣬ҲæõҲʵŮֻҪͬ⣬񶼺˵
ǰæʹСøĸСü޸õܵġ
ϴСò¸ڵĳɼţһСü޽ռңռҴĥ
Сиٶȫģ˭ҾٶԸȢһ¹аĸСü޽ռңСøФеˣ
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С˶ռҲ񣬼޽ռҺô³
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Ҫ֪ڴǮ಻ʮⲻھӴ100Ǯ˵һ۵ĸˡ
ǿһ100Ǯüëš̱ݣʮֲദüëһš̱ˡ
ǿʶͬ⣬˵а취һǮȢϱǿš
Ҫ¡
ĸҲһٿǮϰûǿӿĸ˾ˣƱôǮɵˡ
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˼ңԼҹŮûŮ޽ȥ
ʱӰӳõˮˣ˾ϴζɩҽܵжȥ׵ˣ
ɶ
ɶ
ĸͬĸͬĸͷð̣ﾹȻҰôƷܻңŮ޸ôˡ
ĸѹ֪֮ǰŮǣ߻ף֪ԷͬҹŮ׵ʱŵĶˡ
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ŮզҰô˽ܸҹŮ
ĸĸɨ׼ɨسţǿĲ֪ʱæСãϴᣬõû󣡡
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ǿæ͵ҶŮõģֳӰСãûˣٲǮǺ˵
Ҳæǰõسǹˣ¹ʴʮǮֻҪҹŮ޽ռңҴõ˵˵ʱ100顭Ǯأ
û˵꣬һȺȫĸһɨСԺˣɨӵ׼أҹŮϡǵ񣿡
ĸǿˣɶˣҹŮŮĸŮ
϶ϱ飬϶ûꡣ
æȥĳӰСãõܿǹˣҪԸ⣬Ժֻܼ£
ĸعǾҹŮһμ޽سǻѵãҲȰ׼ңǺú˵ǿǹˣÿ¶вٹʣŮ׼
ǿﱻɨɨֱӷΪŮжҶӿǹˣҿŮҶĺöҵɶ󣡡
﷭ǿһС
ĸ㱻һ޳ܸ˹ȥӰæȥĸͬ־ϴѾ˵Ѿж㻹Ҷڻز˼⣬ҾسǸίú˵˵
ί⻰ŵɫǰڣվȣģ£Сã˵ɶ粻иٶ󣬿Ȣô椡
ʱһɫճԶӿݵأͣСԺ⣬Ա³ţ˾ˣųˡ


60 
һɫʻͣӰСԺע⡣
ⲻ,ĸǿǿҲעƵƵһԾɫС
ϾгʮϡľɫСɲһġ
ĸǿǿﻣһ,׷ֹĸˡ
ʱֻԱ߼ھӴ,ǲŮˣ
϶ǣϴι𷼼ŮͿ,Ÿ⳵һģһ
۵ʱ򣬲εĸƼԼҸߴͦһ̵Ů³æš
ʮŮҲ³
ϣ
⡭桭Ůϡ
ŮˣŮҲˣʮ֮˾׵ġ
뵽Ů,ĸ֮ǰŭһɨգ˼Ѫ⼤
ٹ˲ĸǿǿ,æԼҹŮŮ,Ͻɩȥǻ
Ӱû,ĸǵһȣŮˣһŮȸŮк˵
ĸ˵ߴԼŮǰ£Ůզôˣ
֪ǲǸղĸǿＸ̼Ůֻܼ£ĸһŮɤźر,˲֪ǰͦγֺõľٶŮ
Ӱе,˾ͳɡ
һԭҹŮɶٶĸǿʱƼҹŮиٶ
˾Ŀɿڴȫɵס
ⲻ˺ٷ,ֻľٸߴͦΣøӢ־
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Ŵء
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沵ʱˣһɿȥԼҵˣһæس뵽ݵˮ
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ĿڵʱһͿӲĿ˽ˮһԼôŲ
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˵ԼҶӳúǴԺﻹǲûٹŮͬ־ϲǶӡ
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ӿͷһؿԼҶӶһλŮͬ־ôϲϡ־ȡ
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ǿĸǿһҹŮȻǾģˡ
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1000Ǯ
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УøϽԼҹŮԺͬ˺úùӡ


61 
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峤𾪹汦ҹŮĸˡ
峤ļϱûл񣺡ҹŮҪɶ˾Ҷӣҵϣ
֮ǰҹŮ˸ٶҶ˲ãٶи˾ҵ죬ҹŮ˵̫ˡ
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ͬ峤һ𾪵ľ֣֣ĸˡ
֣֣ĸ֮ǰȻ֪սǾģѹûͷô
֣֣ĸĿɿڴʱ֣ӣʵҲЩ𾪣û뵽˾ͳĸԸ¸Ȣ¹
֣ƲҹŮǾҼ̫࣬ͬԼҵСͬ¸磬¸ʲô
ϴ֣տƹСãǳû˵Ҳãڳ˾ͳĸͬ⣬֣Ҳ¸ҹŮˡ
Ҳó¸ҵСϱҲʮֺá
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֣˵СģŸ鲻ӦòֺͿ¡
˵¸㣬ССû˵ⲻտʼСôദô
˸鲻ͦô
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ĶӰɲ֪ڳѾæĲ࣬һˣջ֮ǰļֻܷˡ
Ѿ˺üˣع⡢ҰˡһˢСϹϱһϹϡһ㣬һܲŹǡ
ȥ̵ģ½ץģڻûֶСô࣬ɻǸòˣһ˶ϲԣⲻÿץһͰż棬ľͰĻҲˡ
δˣҲ˸òˡ
ŹǾʱȥġ
ΪдˣѪˣսصˡ
Ӱ˵ʱ򣬳վɽæɱһſڶæӻ
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Դ֪ԼСö˾ҵĶӣզҴˡ
ԼСʮȻʹԼ÷÷̬Ҳͬһ׽Ǹ磬ҼﶼЩġ
硢ĸǸп÷ʵ̫ӵˣ϶ϱһˣÿң۾ͷϣ±˲֪ǳ
÷˼ʵʵڵ˾ҶӣڳӻǸСɱɱ㣬ӵǸ缸۾
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ԴţСզ˸ôĶôôߣϱҵǿһָȲ÷
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С̫ˡ
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óԣԺиˡ
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Ҽæ˳ȥӰæסˣҼӲͷƤȥ˲ˡ
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ʵܲĸǲͬģıģ˼ҹռ޸㣬ʹƿʲô£
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ⲻĸִԼҹŮرӣԼҼֶֶŮϲСã
ȻĸҲе˽ģԺŮŮ϶æиŮҲ
ĸʮˬͬ⣬˾ͳĸӡøвǡ
ûô׼ˡ
ĸˡ
׼ңﷹ˼򵥣Ǿһ㣡
ĸҲӻ׼ңҹŮƳպҲҹŮգ
ĸûϱˣŮδǰչչֳա
˵ŮĽ
ŵԼҹŮ˵ζȲˣæк׼ҡ
˾ͳĸǶϱƳ˶Щڴ
˽ݵʱӰõķ˶ˣ˾ͳĸһòˣྪˡ
׼ң
沸ŪһһԷ
ԷˡҲĻ鴵ţˣӴܵܺñԱŽ
ӰкԱһ³Է
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һԷأĸͻȻһˣ


62 
մ,ĸɫ͵ĳ£Ҫ׼ڣĸԥɨˡ
ĸŮ
Ҵ硢硢ĸҲûɶɫ
ײøϱƽ,׼ڣ϶,ϱݳԷ
ϣû룬,һӺվſڡ
׼ңͺⲻŽˣصɫˣҴһɨ
Ȼ
һʮɵŮ,һɽװƾͲһ,ʮ֮˾ž˵ľ˾
˾˴Ŀһɨ,һ,ȴҵȴˡ
ĸȴ˵϶ϱƵңʮ֮˾ĸƼŮˣһǧ
ĸΪϸ֦϶ϱ϶ϱҲ֪,Ըҡ
׼,ĸ÷ֻܽͬλ׼
к¡
ɫҲЩ,ʱɫںĸӦһĸû
ҺԱһСһ翪ʼϹϱ,󻢶СԼѾѾԵͣ۴С
Ϲϱʵ̫óˣСһ̻Ϲϱԡ
ӵĳһЩΡ
Լϱͦ˵ģæӹӷŵϣúӺĸ
ĹŮѩ5꣬ƽոһҲټĸĸѹϤС첻Ը⺰òźһү̣
ںӵķϣĸڲøƽϣĸȴ׼ߺ󣬺úʰһ϶ϱ϶á
˾ĸһºӡ
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ҵһ׼ҳԷкٺСõĻ£һ
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ĸȴ˵ĸ˲զֳǲġ
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һӾԱߣ»һͬ˵ֺõ֪Ϊ׵
Ҫ֪Էͼ确ݡΪԷϲء
ӰɩۣûԼҶñ統
Ӱɫ䵭ɨλɩּ籧źϸĺųԷӰһѡ
С겻󣬴һƾǳСеһ㲻磬һƾͲ֡
ӰԽԽɴƣȴץٱ˵ļİ취
Ȼϱ֣ǾֻԶˡ
λɩؼʱ쳣û̫࣬ϲʲôˣС
Ӱû룬ָ˼ˡ
ԼСɽѵĲˣǰѹԵĲ˸˵
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ľٶ˾ͳĸǸпǧ
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˵СóָֿղŻţⲻһƣЩĽʼСõĺ˵
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˾ͳĸ¿ӺҲ׷¿ӡ
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ͷԲˣ˾ͳĸҲ֣һͷٶʮֿ졣
ĸв˵ٶȲĸ֪ĸʮĲˡ

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63 
ݺ,ĸһҲûиѺӸȥСԺ,Ҷ϶͸ϱ,ϱǸʲˣ
ĸĻʧɫ
Ӱ⣬ҸԼҲΪ,粻֪ǲǱĻסһʱЩɵס
ŵɫɷæҲ飬Ҹ˺úõ,ƾɶ飿
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Ĳ,һٺƶĸԼ,Ҹ,Һͽ˻кӣҪͽˣԺզ죿
лæ,ҡкӣ
ΪԼú˵,ĸ֪ĸ,ӣ˵ϱӣҲǹ,ȢͻܸɵϱҲʲô¡
绹ãȴĸҪ˵ϱŵɫ䣬վЩվȣһҪεģ
ǰƲң磬Ҳѹûͬ顣
һ뵽пȢŮˣʱ˶ҲѹܲˣæţҲͬ⣬Ҳͬ⣡
ģҲûͬӰҪԼҶ飬һ綼űˡ
Ҵ硢硢ĸ沶ûɶøУҲ˵
Ȼϱ⣬ɾ˵ģкӣ̸鲻ʵȰ˼ӡ
ĸȴһӵϴŮŮҪạ̊́ԺŮộ
ĸؿӰﲻ֪ΪģæԼĺ󱳣塣
ΪΪ֮ǰС˵׵Լϴεʹ缸ȥұϱ·æԺһúùܽϱ˵ֳϱϽĻСõǸ
æһ˵ǸۿͨװӰСãǶɩˣǰɩҲ޵ĺãܼ޽سǣҲû˵ǿԭ¶ɩòã
һƹװӰԥܾã
Ȼû뵽Сôɩ棬Щɵס
ӰɩҪ֪ˣզǿףϴ㲻֪ǿӦҲ֪˰ɣҾͲˣɩˣô޲Ҽ޽ռңҿǿʮֲǣҪ޽ȥɶùӳԣ
Ӱ⻰¿ըˣ沽һֱ治֪¡
ⲻС˵ȻǸƷܻС˵ף沶ɧˡ
ĸҲĸƷܻǿ˵ԼҹŮһһ˵ͷӣǲ֪仰۹ŮռǸˣȰҼ޹Ů˵ƷܻյյһһһٿǮŮأ˼ɶ˼ҡҹŮҪˣԺﻹкӹϡ
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ӰûԼҶĻͻȻɩСͦɰģզһ㲻Ҷأ
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ܣܣСò֪¡
ˣ磬ǻسǰɣȻؼˣӰ㵽ΪֹҲݾߡ
ӰջԺһ˹ľģﳵߡ
ʺһҲûп˼ӰҲû˼ɶ⡣
һ˯
ĸŵڶһƼԼҸߴͦεŮԼҹŮź
漴뵽ŮǾ˾ҵĶӣڣĸζô뵽ԼҹŮܼ޵ôá
Ҳ˾ҳ׼ˣһ
ĸһ
ĸտʼ˼ŮݶЩ׼ң׼سдסĲŷġ

ΪԼδĸﲻ⡣
ԼĸڲùŮ޸
ⲻĸڳ˲񣬰Ѳڳ⡣
ĸ÷ͼԼŮҸɻӵģĸŮ˾Ҷӣææһ
ӻȥسǰƷ
ҴҲ÷򣬲񲻶ˣȥϴ緹ʣµ
ĸҨһˮŮøɾëϴͼŮԼҹŮëϴ
ĸֺǺǸ˵Ĳɡ
Ӱ̫࣬ᱳʹģһ
ЩҲܸԼϴԣйˣǰôʡ
ĸͦתġ
ҪֳԹ߹ŮĺòˣͻȻ͵ĲˣԸԲ£˵ˡ
Ӱ𴲽ʱ򣬷ҳϴ
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ĿԼϣĸ⣬ЩȴȣӰĪЩȡ
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ĸһ滹˵Ůȥȳԡ
ӰˢϴĸҲæȥȳԷһȥسǡ
֪ԼҹŮִŹˣĸȥسǾʵõĶƤů裬ЬӣһǮ
õĻĸŮӽʱ̫ϣĸֻͬ
֪
ӰˢϴԼʹɩҲǰˣȥȳ緹ˡ
Ѿ˴롣
ӰԱ߳棬ԶȽճûڣѾһԹˣȴһ嵰еԡ
ãԸԣУӰ׵ļ嵰ƣŰѼ嵰ˡ
緹ȥسǡ
ȥس֮ǰӰһк
ĸСԺſˣԶŮߴͦӱֱվڳſڵŮûһ˿ͷŮչȥŮȴ򿪳ţϳ
˵ʵĸڶԼҹŮҵôõĶðˡ
뵽ŮôŮøĸﻹĲУҪ϶飬Ժ浱Ӱˡ
ȳӿûӰĸͻȻ׼ҸһƷûأ֪׼ɶæȥ
ƳٿӿʮƽȣӰҡ³⿿ʿ紵ձˡ
Ӱ⣬ⲻڿ쵽ڵ·׵أȻƼˣղûϴӦ֣ᰣ֣סһСӣСһڡ
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СٿɱгˣӰֱֻһСʱ͵سˡ
ȥ衢ӵһЩرƷЬȥسǰٻ
ԼԣκֻǮö
ҺСĶԷų
ۻԱѹСˣ˵һǾ٣ղǻƼٿСġ
СسǷëǣСĶݵģۻԱ̬ȸãĽӰ
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ʡǮǮ
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ڵ·඼Ǽ򵥰סڡҼɫɫĻУٻû
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ЬߴոպãӰѡ˫Ь
ӰѡԼԼѡһѡѡȥʵûʺϵģͷָߣӰɴͬʱֱӴװͳɡ
û
ЩѾһ硣
ȥӪԷӰȴȥϱ˳ץ飬һأģӰǶԼûô󵨣ץĸСĿټʮ֮˾Ҫͬ飬͵飬ˡ
ҪȥӪңͻӰ
Ҹһȥ๡
Ӱ
Է֣ӰҲû취ֻøһסͲ¥ȴһͲ¥
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СãңСãԩģǿҵģң˻ѷϤӰУæԼҶ֣˳ȥͼίѺŮͼҫ˭


64 
Բۣ
ҫһץˣ
ӰԲ۾
һԳϳҵĶɩ,ɫһʶԼ󣬼ɫ,΢˿ʣȥƣ
Ӱæͷ
ΪֹҲ֪ԸΪɶᱻίץ
Դ֪Ҫ,û͵ˣҲʶҶĺá
֪ҫͻȻ
Ҷ䱩,ҫͻȻֶˡ
һʼܣư͸Ҫ£ίͻȻ߿ҵ,׽ڴ
ƼǸί˵ŴˣҫҲˡ
ǱѺųͲ¥,ⲻҫһζƸ,ǽһȹҵ,ȹҵġ
ҫһֱĳͰ¹⣬ζƸ

˫꣬жΣɰ뷨ҫʮ,϶һе
СöǾ,϶ܾ
ֻҪʸڷҫǿ˿϶ԭ
ҫжεĻļƻ,˹ҧǵͲ¥Ĵǳ׿۽硣
Ͳ¥Ͳã쵱ίץͬҫЬ
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˵Ͳ¥Ĵﶼ֪϶á
Ȼ˻˹
˵ڴ۳ɶҫȻðװ׾糤Ҳ
զô벻
Ͳ¥ǶԸЬҫʮƲϣ׷òҶӡ
ҫӵĸǱ߷
Ӱͳȥ󣬽̫̫ʱҲϳӰæǰһԸ˵Լж಻Ҫһס¥һס¥£˶ˡ
˭뵽˾Ȼ繴ˣ绹걻ˡ
Ҫҫǡ
Ӱŵ֪ҫϱӢȻǽֶ̫̫ŮֶŮһֱǶ͵ĺù֪ôһĲҪļһ
տʼ⺢֪˼黹ţ˭ϵ˵ôߣֶŮƤ¹
ֶŮҵʱƳԾʲɶ»ϱʳġ
̫̫ͽĸյ֪µʱҪˣĸҪϰ̫̫࣬ص⺢ӡ
ⲻƼҫ¥ֶŮ˵ͬҫһŮͬ־š
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Ӱȴ̫̫ٱĺþٱҪȻ֪÷ץ顣
ʵڵ͹Ů˵ĵߡ
𣬽Ҹ걻ѣ뵽걻ѵʱ䶼Ź˹ûٱҸ㡣
ӰĲͷð̣ơ
СõĶۼ̫̫ͬҫЬȫ﷢Сð¸硣
һ뵽˻֪ͬҫ걻͵£ʮ־ѹ֪µĺ
СԸߴˣץסһݣ÷򣬾ңǿҵģ
ҫˣ㹴ҵģ㺦ңǶˣҲϱúùӣ㲻⹴ңҡ
ҫ䣬ӭһˣһȭҫˤڵ棬ҽһ
̫̫һԿҫҫá
Ӱ˵ñ򣬾ͼҫĲ˭
ʱ粱Ĵֺ죬ǺͲ۾˸һ㳶ҫһȭһȭ
ҫĲҽвͣġ
ί˻Ѻ͵ߣͻȻ˴򣬸ίѴ˵Ҳһץˡ
Ӱĸȥסǿվԭأҹȥ
Ӱһͼٹȥ糶ǽϰסˡ
ڵ֪ͬҫ͵ˣںǡ
ŴͷһҪɱ
ۼҫ磬绹ƼͬҫЬץ
ŵĸεѣ۰һ޲ȥźá
ˣǿҵģҫǿҵġ״α˵ô˵ˣͲͬ飬֪ͬҫ͵¡
ҫί˷һıףղŴ磬ְѸ
ҫıӶˣһǲҼţ
ޣǣҡ
ҫĻѪų塣
ѱ绹Ҫִˣߴֺܱȵģ첲˿ί˱ʾᡣ
ίץˣһװƲһ㣬ѹҶǡ
ɴѺҫˡ
ҫ翴ﲻһԸ񣬵иʱǰ׷񮡢⣬Ʋˣȴû˸Ķĺò˳ڡ
ҫû˴
֪ǲǱί˵׽飬ֱ˼ȭܴ̼ҫѺ߸ɴƹˤͷ˲ҲҪ˵ЬҲ񣿡
ҪӵˣƵ㣿
ۼҫҪ綵ĵףŵĺѪɫ۴Уҫ˵㲻˵㲻˵ˡ
Ĵȥסҫ졣
뱨ˡ
ӸеʱƲˣһСӼЬÿҫʮֵ⡣
ƾɶ֣ƾɶίץһӣƾɶ˱ίץ
ҫ޵ĲУ˺ãµ˸иҴʱǰ㶫ſû䲻⼸ҲǣҲ
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ҫҲ˻ղźſŵ۴УӰԼҶصĸޣȥסԼҶ硣
ƿ羱˿ԼϣӰˣһ
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ãã⺢۹ⲻһͿסûԺĺӿ϶Ư˵úúϧԵ֣úùӣǧѧЩĶ
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ʱǰŮͬ־ǱӢҲʮָм
վԱ˵ʱӰæʵͬ־˼ҶɩҵżȻ֪ͬ˸ЬĲУҶãס£û׽飬ֻҵͬ־æˣҪǶʲôţǲ˼ˣ
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ĸ޵˺ѷΣԺŮզϡ
Ҫ϶Ů飬ŮԺ϶೦ӣҲҲ϶ôʵôõˡ


65 

ĸҴ治ĵŮ÷ԼҹŮСã
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ⲻ,ûãɩСһ͵͵ȥ
ҵʱ,ɩСصظĸ˵,ĸҨ˼һԼ2ƻúСȥҡ
ɩСжģ̫ˣ
ȥȥȥҪŮ޵ĺã᲻ðѿȥ׼ҸɶƷ
Ƽ׼Ҹĸָߵ̾˲Ρ龫в˵ֵӪƷ͹Ʒ
ĸֱĿɿڴ࣬ŮҲǮˡ
ͷҪƼ϶Ҳһ
Щ,һͨͨƻ
ǴﵹһЩҰ,ôͮͮƻǵһμ
ղＸӣԼҲһ,ʮʮֺóԡ
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ҲܰƤǰǼڼˣܵϱе档
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ĸһΣ˶ֽţӰҲ֣˰ĸУĸתѡ
ѺҲ˲Ůڲڣſ۴ޣɱǧɱǧңôҶӣҸû̫꣡۸ˣ̫۸ˣ
ɩذæҺ̫Ƕˣ
ĸ޵˻ѷΣƣԽԽ
ӰʮֲܣۿҲЩ죬ͬҴһοĸ
ûá
̼ĸ̫ˡ
ĸһ뵽Լ϶ôãװ׶ãְװ׸ǼôŮ
ЩƵʮԼ϶ǺӶ۰ûٴ϶ӣ϶˵ŮСӺ
ĸԽĸ۵
ͻеʮ֮˾ſ϶֪
ҵԸ޸϶϶϶ʵһˣʵ˽̡
Ҳǡ
ĸԽԽ޵˻ߣʵϴϴȥسǰȫؼ۴ҵţҵҪզ̵ĹŮôһЬŮҿĲģ
磬Ҹһȥسǽˡ
Ӱõ֮ͬ飬绹ûѡ
ԴЬ׽ͷˣŮѹƲס硣
Ӱǵȶ˺ۼٴȥң˳öͬ飡


66 66
,Ӱûɶˣ˺òˣҲûԡ
ӰֻɺһҰˡһһļͲˡ
,泵Ӱվſڿ,鲻ھӴк
ûã硢ĸ½СԺ,ĸԼгͣСԺſڡ
ԼҹŮվſڣһ仰ǵŮҸ硢ĸгɶҪ鷳Ůȥ
Ӱػ,óԿ׽صӲ硢ĸӦõģ˵Ҳпգ
ŮТ˳,ֺǺǵĸ˻ˣĸҲˡ
,硢ĸ,ԳԷˣӰ
ϣ
ϴȥæ˲ˡ
ӰЩΣúòĺӣҲˣ緹ȥдĸ,֪¡
˽ææ,ӰЩۣóû,͵͵һӹһڣɫһ,ڵԵĳδϴλζĴָǳóԣ
ϲͶԵ㣬һҵƳԲô·ԸԵ㡣Ӱ˵ӲӢʣ۲ۣ
ϸСۿ·һס֣СְԼգСģⰲģһȣ۲ڣ
û˵꣬СãĸݣӰ֣ƿտóЩʧ䣬ɴ˲˽ݡ
ϣ÷զˣţ˲ˣĸ
硢ĸ磬ҵԼ˾ͳɣÿ
÷̬û˵ȳ˲˽ݣĸԼСÿ
ȵСã޸÷ˣûб÷ô׺õĶ󣬶ۼغá
ĸҲӻ÷ȷʵɣ
ԼĬĬЩ£ӰҲ۵ף˵ղȥͼ磬ûȥ˵ġ
ղ֪˵ġ
ӰͦҵͬͬԷҲԼһѳ嶯ӦԷ֤顣
ԺĻͦڴġ
ԺȥԶı߽Ҳò
ֻǳ£֤֪ĳ첻ɣ޵ô˻ѷΣȥ֤
Ӱ˼ʱĸʣˣСãզһֱûƼ
Ӱͬĸ˵߽ݣӰûػݾ磺զôզڣ
Ҵţ
Ӱʱ뱻ӹ
ȥԷŮ⣬ȥɶ
Ҵĵ϶϶ϱ£֪϶ϱɵ£֪öŭ
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ᣬɩС궼ûлʵϱ˵ǸЬ϶̺ӵ£ôɩСۡ
ɩСͬ϶ϡ
ϣ
ȥûþͷĴ£Ҳ̫ˣ϶Ҳ̫ˡ
һܵסǸñǵ£϶ǹŮǼΣ϶ذװ׾
ûȳСӻŮģû뵽ô꣬ȫǸ˰ġ
Ѫˣ˵϶ˡ
ҺһҿɶǸ˰ô۸ʵˡ
ȰһĲ˶ˣĸûӰһ֪³Բ·ǸϽȳԷ
Ҹĺˣû̻ʳԣкŮԷ
˳ԹǵһγԣҸӼв˵Ƶʣ֪ǿɰˡ
ϴпնȥץĽóˡ
ղԣֶֶŮҲرԣСһﺰСøԷ
ǰԸס
СϿĿİ׵ԣɩССӰѵϣæǹ˺ü׵ɰСһֵüЦ
󻢡µûˣҲɿ˼ӵͷԣѾѾҲû¡
ҪƽգҴ硢ɩСꡢɩͷԲˣЩĲɳԷĸҶơ
Ӱ磬ɩӣȳԣȥ˳㿴ûС
˼ӲˣסȳԼȥĸ
Ӱ˼ڵӣ˼ɼ˲ٲȥ﷿ˡ
ŮϽԷһ㣬˶Ҫûˣ
ﻹӽһֱզ£Ѳˣ뵽ͣ¿ҲԲ·ˣҪݺӡ
˭֪Ůӳһ˫۾׵޹ˡ
硢ĸ綼ˣæʣӣզ
ĸ˿һ磬޵Ĳ㱳ȥڻɤĸͷӣģ϶ˣҪٲҵ˶Ҫ۸ˣ
Ϊ϶ϱǨŭ϶ĸô˵硢ĸ׷ͣ¿ӣĸ׷ɶˡ
ĸô۸ʵˣѸЬе޸϶϶ͼôĹŮ뵽£ĸ۵û˵ứͣͣ¡
ĸ޵ֲ㱳ȥӰæĸıҴҲĿİѽЬίץԼ绳ǼĺӣȴѸЬе޸϶һһ˵
ɶ
ɶ
嶼һҪˤ


ҼӶϱӰгܲס̼ιȥҺóۼֿæסԼ
˵ŭĸ羪ŵ붼ˣ𾪡
ţϴ˵һ飬ϴظһ飬۾ͨ죬£Ϻ̵ֱ¡
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Ӱأ֪ˣ˯ûѣ
ĸ޵ϣϣҾ˵˼ҳƵ϶һС϶ƫƫҪȢǹŮǹŮɶã
ĸ䣬緿䴫ॡһ졣
һ˹˲˵æȥ϶俴ͼҶһŽܡ
ӰŵֶֶŮɩæӻɩæҲ¾źæѺӶ
ſڣۼֿסˡ
ҹҶУҼ׷׹ȥæץˡ
ȥɶ϶ʣ˵ҪȢģҶͬ⣬ڳ£ܹ˭ֻܹԼۣ
΢٣ŮϴģǲùſܣҪɶΥ£Ժûӡ
ջĻڵ۴޵˻ѷΡ
˵ѪᣬֻδĴ
Ӱһ˹ŽųͷƤСԺ޵ĸܵĽۿҲЩ΢죬ǺҺһˡ
ޣҲܣĸ翪ʼûͣϣϣɱǧɱǧңҸûꡣ
ĸµҧгݵȥҴţ
ҰôЬŮ˼޸Ƕ磬Ǹûꡣ
һҺĶ٣ȥһˣպ϶ˣʱٸ϶˵ϱ϶飬ȢźϱԺҲӣҲɶ£ܱһֱɱκáһ
ĸͼĻҲЩ¡
Ҫǽί׽飬һĵЬº϶ҵô¡
˵麵Ҳ˵ˣ麵̵ֱ£Ƶü
Ҵ缸ݣû˴ľľģۿȫѪ˿۾ͨ졣
ĸӡ
ӰˮĸԸ϶Ӻϴţúû˯
СԺĶĸھӣ½˹ʷɶ£ӰȻͬ˵Լҵĳ£˵˼Ӧھӡ
ˣҪ϶ûĸŮɼûסܲùŮŮû֤˯һݡ
ĸҪŮȥ峤ҽסһ
ܾĸҸĸسдһȥͲסˣҿسҲ죡
ĸ׼ҵŮҲö°ŮûԱùŮȥһŮԡ
ߡ
Ӱͷ֪ˣ
½ݣɩʰˣӰȥԼ
һʼܾӰܿģٵһᣡӰ˵ֱߵʮ֡
Ը˵࣬سдŵࡣ
״Ҳͬˡ
æջջſڶŸæµĶ
Ӱſڵĸߴ߾һֱûƿ
˵ʵӰ֪Լɶÿģܿôã
ʱ伱Ҳû̫ӵģҰˣ滹һɰ档
ȥݳԣˢ
ݶú͵ƣСĿ·
ҵ㣡
֪ǲֻ̫ˣ˵ͳɤӰУӰıƽʱһ㡣
ˢûӣӰú͵գ˻ݡ
ݰġ
Ӱ°Ϳ˳ѸղʣһЩĽ˳ϣԡ
ûԣȼкɰԣӰҲԼˣҧһںԸԣù
صҧĺɰҧһڣӰĪЩȣ˾һһڣɰ
һʼԣӲι˺üӣԱˣ˲ͷ档
Ӱͳ°Ϳ˳棬ú͵΢ĵƹӲӰĳرӢÿ
б޵Ľüͦαֻһޱ飬̣ĿɱϵĴʮѹȸУ˲ϸࡣ
Ůˡ
˰Ӱú͵˳ǰ
򿪳ţûϳӰ˵ĸǸһ˵ˣȥдĸ
û£һҹӲĸȥسǣ
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ˡšһȴ翪һгôˣ
᲻ôԶ·
ϳɣһؼˣӰô˵ȴǰϳߡ
ҲûϳĿϸСôƶƲȻȥҿԺߣ
ӰմݣͻȻ֣׵׶յ£˵ʮ˾Ȼû᰷֣ŵÿ
տʼԼ̫ŵÿ󣬾ʮ̫ء
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ӰЩԼǲ̫ûˣϾϴεһ׻ġ
ӰҲѧ֣һڶգǰ̫ˡ
ӰֻõͷһЩ
ʶͷܵһƬȣɫһ
ӰżһǼ֣ˣȻˣسǿСĵ㡣
û˵꣬סתһȦѹڳϺݺݶסĴ׵ֺݡ
ӰտʼЩ£ڰУе㰲ȫУϸֱס˲ǣ˻Ӧ׵Խ͡
ɳĮɿʼûȹˮˣ˺޲ðеˮȫɨɾ
ԺɶɴǼ⣬Ӱ׵˫ȷ飬ú͵ˤڵ档
ھͻȻݣӰһʶҪƿˣ˱ϳڼʻλüס
Һûھֻˡ
ֱӰСѹƼƴӰ۶˺޲ð̻һ
ʱûĿƣɺĿ̵£ѾƵʧصıԵ
ӰȷԼǰ˲ûͦ˵㡣
Ӱգգۣɿȼû³ˣ
ӰΪ˸һƷ³˲˵ָĨȥմĿˮס°ͣͷ
һĵϹȥӰű˱³ĸһ
촽ͷ۵ĶԼģͣղʱΪԼҪιȥˡ
ٿ侲üһѹƲղŵʧأλҲõľˡ
ҽˣӰ
һʼ뱧ȥӰܾߵСԺſڻͷһۡ
ֱվԵûϳĿרעƣͷβûƿߣබ˶ͻȻԼԶ͹Լ˲еǺ̫ˡ


67 
һ,һȥسǡ
˴ɩСɩˣһտһȥСѧû⣬ȫȥҡ
ȥ֮ǰ,صطֱ硢ĸȥҾ߳䳧١
˼һ˲ȥҡ
ڸʻλӰ״̬򾲺öˣҲ˿
ͬ,Ҳû˵ɶ
ϣ˶ڡ
Դӳ,һ˶ùű
ĸǰԵĴﶼͬĸ򽻵͵͵ĺ,ҪȻԼеĹŮ޸϶
⻰ĸĻ£û,ϴ档
ҴɩڶĸûһøУĸߵ,ҪȻﻹҸЬ
ڼ,Ժ˵׻֪ɶӰأҴɩĸ̬Ҳһ𾴣һ۲۱ӲǱʮƲߡ
Դϱ̬ĸҲܣĸץЬѺί¡
ϣĸȥǷŲ±ίץĹŮ
ⲻ,ϱźӾͳ,һȥҸС飬ҶС,׻˵һҹްն϶ôϲ϶ԭģʵڲ,СѩȥңôСѩ϶ôĵ
ĸ䣬ҴɩѵһظϣϴĶ
ĸһҴɩһỹȥϰ࣬ûգ
ȥҲҲպãĸ
ҴɩھͲ֪ĸզģΪʵ˺۸ҴɩЩȥˣϱЬץӵ˽꣬װ׸˶ĺӣԸ飿
Ҵɩ˵ĸӦ츸ֱУѪѹѪӿɫѿ
˵ϱ˵ɶ
Ҵɩ츸Լɫֻ˵˵Ѫ϶ƼСñ˵뿳пܡ˵ҴɩƳ۱ĸڻĺӡ
ĺӳ緹޳Բˣĸв˸ԣԣǸԣֵģҲ֪϶˶
϶˼ӵĸ˭֪Щȫûˡ
ҴɩĵԺ󲻻೦ա
ҴɩĻҭ츸ĸҴƿԡ
ĸ᲻ԼҹŮڸίܿ࣬˶ƫĵģҲƫŮһ϶ͬأֳãĿùĲô
Ҵɩĸ緹Ҳˣʾӻס졣
Ҵɩ˸߲ãĸĥȥһˣ׹Ů츸еԥҵͻȻȴҵš
츸ĸһ
ĸȥţƼһˣĸʮæ׼ңզˣ
ֳҶˣզҲˣԭòãҲ̫ˣ£ȥίòã
˵ѩѩƼҶ˹żҵĲ˲óԣҪؼҳԷҪ⣬ԣ
ۿʱѪ졣
һΪЬԼ϶˼ˣۼﺰ϶Ь飬ͼĺ϶
һ˶ˡ
ĸȥĸȻ޶סͷӣţҼ϶ŮͼôĺӣҼ϶ЬĹŮ飬Ĵΰ㣡
Ϊҵ˺۸ŮصҼ϶̣Ҫţ
ѩŵ۴Уתͷˡ
ӰܣһʼԿɶʱæ֣ۼսܸܵģȵĲͣҽУӰﳩ첻١
ּŮתˡ
ȻɶɶŮһĶûС
ⱾĸĽһʴŮĽҲһʴ
翳˽ļޣŮûȥһΡ
ҫǻᷢˣȻҫ翳ˣŮȴڻңȺҫﺰ̣һӶиεĵ
Ӱ۵׵⡣
츸ҴĸȥˣæȥȰܡ
ҲԼʹһȭ츸ңҼҲΧᡣ
ھӷ׷׹ơ
ĸĸҪսӰһ߳ҺĸĲҪ
ҹƹж಻ҪЬץⲻҪҾҶȥί˷ˣüĹŮҶ确ҶӵĵҰװҶ統ô꣬ͼôŮҶӣ۸ʵҲô۸ġ
һ˶˸ģ츸ҵ˶֣ûþͱıף۵۲ҽУҹŮſڴҵĳ£츸ֻһ󷢺ڣѪ
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᱾˽ȰܣⲻСĻ֪˾Ȼ޳ܵز
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ҵ˵һ˲ɶˣŮЬץ˼飬ƤҲǹģޣ
ҵͲɶûɫҵ˸ɶûɫ
츸ĸôˣָűˡ
ƽһ츸ʮֺ֪ĹŮôҪ£զͰûֹ̫ݳŮ
ҪŮҵᶼˡ
츸˵ûʲôƤҪˡ
ĸҲ۴ޡ
ɫࡣ
ͣ¥ƼſҳһԼ󡮱뺷ģ
ģڳ۵ҲǸɰ
츸ĸɫԣǰֹȻɺޣҲҵҲҪΪˡ
ⲻԼҼ
˵һ룬ӰҲİһ˴ôɲһȥ
Һˡ
ӰҲæһߡ
츸ıףĸҲĸȵնˣͷһͷק
һĻ¡
ĸĸղ޳ܵĻĲУﻹĸҪ̹ŮզЬ̹Ůզʵ˽̡
ĸڴ֮ͥ±ĸôָŮЬⶥñӿѪ޲ȥ³츸ҪϽȥ
ͱҲǺǵģպҲú˵˵ôŮЬĸһߣһ˵ʱסѼӱ˵һ֡
ʱӰǽɲֻܵģöأԺ飬ɶϱҲţ
츸ĸԼջҵˣʱ϶Ҫͬ飬ɫ䡣
ĸɫɷףȻ֪Ҫ϶ҵö󣬿զ죿
ղŻҪˣ֪ˣû̺ڿ϶Ҳˣˣ㣬ҪòãͺԺզ죿ںӺôķϡ
ӰȥĸͬĹŮ磬뱬ֿˡ
Ĳᣬĸߣ붯ˣӰס
ھĸĻ׷̫ҪˣЬ϶黹żĹŮ
ĸҲ̫˰ɣ浱ʵûƢ
ӰԼҶæŮʱͱﲻһһҶ͵ķһҶ⣬ڸЬҶΪҵǺ۸ģΪŮɶɣ
ĸͼѹ֪ﲻһ϶񮡢£ֲûѪ
ɱǧ̫޳ˡ
ˣ˵ҶװŮͼôĺӣʵڣһҲҵģһ10Ǯ㣬600Ǯҵ˲Ǯ飬һҾȥϰĳ˶֪ôҪЬĹŮ
Ů˵ĺã֮ǰĸû뵽⳥£ԼҹŮһ˵۾
ͼ۾Ҳ
ĸ϶飬϶Сõ˼ҵ˼
ٿǮһ֣ͿҼܵļҵףĸԸ⡣
ĸԸ⣬츸ȴٶæĸȥٿǮ
ĸɫףȥ츸ŭҪѹŮõôǮ
ĸۿ죬Υ츸ĻæȥٿѣϰٿǮ
ٿǮھӷ׷׵ɴۣھһ뵽϶զõٿǮһ㲻Ľ϶ˡ
治ɶˣʵˣҲŮҪȻܴõٿǮ
ӰٿǮԼҶ磬ûҪĸܡ
£ĸҴ绹츸ȴҺ϶Ƿ벻ûġ
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Ҵҵߺĸ̱ſڴޣϣϣԺզ죿ۼԺզϣզôҵ̫ˣ
ĸ޵ʱھӿ֮Աǡ
ʵ˫ȥЬץˣҴֻûڱ֤ͬҶȥ顣
֤һ˶һٿǮǹˣԺϱ϶ҵ
ӰصԼҶæҴȥίһ
ȻǺ⣬֪Ѿͬˡ
ڸίҪν֪ѾͬҶˣУҲ飬磬Ҳ飡˲ܸģ
ҲЬҪͿ˲٣һˡ
뵽ϱ˵Ժӳ󻹲֪òҶ
ЩãҲզó
ĨһҽԼ⳥600Ǯ˵һͨҲûǮˣЬһҲûҺ϶Һ϶ҪôЬϱһʱ䣬ҾҪ˵ϱԼΪ֮
˵תߡ
ȴǾ䡮ҾҪ˵ϱ̼ǰһƬתؿڽʹѪɫһһȥִޡ
һ˲˶жãԶҫüټǧ򱶡
ѹܲȢŮˣŮ˺á
ױ۴ޣ޵ͣɤ˺ѷΡ
ˣĺˣ
Ҫҫ׶ˣڻ˺úһҸӣԽԽڣĿ˺ѵĽʹ޵ȥ


68 
غ,ҪٿǮͬһ˸һѡ
ڵҲЦݣĸҲ᲻,ⲻ³,ҵԸ˽쾹ȻǴ󳵡
硢ĸ֮ǰŮ÷򣩵Ĵ󳵣һ󳵵Ҵĸɼˡ
ĸ³ھӴɶо
ĸæŮ,ֿ죬߯ˣ
ǵھӼ׷ʮĽ
ĸûͬھӶ˵һ˽СԺĸǰٿǮϽ,ôһǮﶼġ
ĸɴǽ϶,϶ͷȥذβݣеĻŶ롣
˫,ûɶ,ĸ׼ȥɽϴҰҴվȥͻ
ھԼҹŮŮĻ£ĸæһ´ȣϣ˵ɶ¡
æȥԼҹŮ,Ů,Ůأس˰ɣ֤զϡ
ĸǺҪЬ,Ů͸Ů֤ˡ
ĸ˭ŮͬŮ֤¡
ǰĸͶŮʮ⣬֮,ĸŮû˵
ҳ£Ůûææ⡣
ͿʮĸҲһŮҺ͹ŮûТ˳ġ
ٺŮھӿˣĸҲιŮͬŮϽ֤ܰġ
Ů̫ãֺãôõŮ·ˡ
Ӱڷ¹·ʻæң
ŮһŮǲǻȥس֤ˣĸæ
ţ
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ˣű仨պá
ӰĸƷλɶϣǳɫ仨£ǰոġ
ǳɫĴ仨ĸ˵ϲ죬ӰȴЩ۾æԼѡһͬİ׳
׳Ĺ
ҾͦõġӰ
ĸѹƲԼҹŮѡİ׳ȥ֤ǳɫ仨ϲ졣
ԼҹŮѰ׳ˣͷںڣСԽ׾ĸһֲʶ˵ɶÿĴʣ;Ů׳ر
°ڱӰԵŮرϸرǰһ
Ӱ°˱ӣ򵥵黨еǣǰʼӣ΢ɵǱ费ǰ߻˼Ʒ˿
ĸ֪ѳڷβ
ӰûܾѺڷβó֮ǰ͵ѩͿһ㡣
ô
ɳɳɣ̫ÿˣϣҹŮƯĸˣŮ̫ƯˣƯ˵ɶˣŮֳÿԺĺӿ϶Ư
ӰҲһ¾ӣͬ˵˼仰ͳˡ
֮ǰĸ֤ȥдŮŮ͵ȥƵġ
Ů£ӦûͬͣĸǵԼ߰»Ӱ׼ҶҺ͹ŮĹ۸С
ö£ϲǺͱڣ±ססļ׳ϲ²⼸Ϲ
ļ׵ĲǮĸǮԼҹŮ
ҲûŮҴֱʲĸҲίŮŮҿŮŬһЩǰżɶòŮļס
˼ҲûҵɶϲĲֻµġ
ӰҪǮĸӲ
֪ˣӰӦȲҪǮҲϹɶļס
ƽæּɲҹﻹú͸챻ף̫۾
ӰСԺţͼһɫߴͦεվǰ
߽Ŀһ٣ûСƿߡ
ӰտʼЩûףڷرƽ򵥵黨衣
֤һֻһΣȻúúôԼŰ˸Ǳ裬Ӱ˵Ӧ㲻ϻڡ
ҡôӰ̽ʡ
ÿ˱³֣жʾ֡
Ӱ֣Ŀûƿߡ
ֻǰСһİ׳Щ΢ɵǱ费ǰںڵͷԵСɰ־£ߴ˼ϸķƯľˡ
򻨵Ǽ⣬˺˹ŲĿ⡣
ϳɣ˴򿪳ţӰҪϳٲСã
Ӱ
ӰûզΣԸߴһſȺˡ
ӰûͬλԭٲٴδСãֻ㰲÷ѩ£
Ӱֻϳͷ彯ٲ֪֪࣬ȥĶ峤ͼӳ˵ô֪ºԸתȥ֧Ԯˡ
ٲѹСð÷ѩ£˵ҪˣżŸ
Դ֪СҪ£ʮֲζЩĻš
֪ǲǺЩûСãӰصشһͷ˵ʱ򣬽ٲЩˣ۵ޡ
һԳλ֪࿴Ŀ۵ף׺ڵܵγīˮ
ԷʣСã㡭Ҫˣ㻹ôᣬô顭
ٲĻڲԶ˷ĿȻֹɫ԰ס
Ӱûͬλԭ飬ҲûɶģӰɴ˵ˣ֪࣬һȥس֤
ٲֻųӿԶĪʹ
ЩܻظһΣﰲ÷ѩûиһ磬СҲûúܿһ
֮÷ѩ磬ЩۣȢ
ٲ֪˼ҹΣֻ̫ˣСýҲĴ
Щ룬ǵ÷ѩûһ磬ᱻ÷ѩƭôСã˵Сö˼ʱܿͬ
ҲѾûǾٵ¡
СûϲôģӵеĻᣬٲʵڲĸڡ
ҵٲʧվſڵģЩܡ
ԴӴСҪ£ʮֲ
˵òĲõģСùƽ˽
ļһĨȥɰ롣
ʮӶʮ
һŰ÷ѩС䲻Ͻʮָп
һ·ȥسǣӰҡ³쬵ķ紵ر
Կ˳ĬĹ֣
Ӱ￴ǳԴˣ֮ǰҲȷ˵ϲٲˡ
ԭǰ׷ٲĨȥӰˡ
ߣǰԼЩǹȥ£뵽ǰϲλ֪࣬ƿԼ仯ǻӿϹİڵİһεں
ֱȥس֤ڳײŻͲ٣ıĿƵƵڽ֤ϡ
ӰͦĽ֤ʮıһź״Ľ֤
Ӱ˼ۣߣʾߡ
ӰûֻǸпԼһδŮȻѻ鸾Ůˡ
ҪϱӸ˵ʮͽˣš
֤ϴûɰ궫ȥ˹硣
Ӱ˲ϲǺͱڡ
õļӰǰ˵ѡɫļס
һ̨뵼壬˿ټƱ
ǴӺйϡֻ̨ۻԱҪ̬ȸãӰȫĽ
˸ٶ󣬲뵼ϡĴ
Ӱտʼͬ뵼壬˵ⶫصġ
ԺҲԶ㲥ʱ䡣
Ӱ˵ĿȫĲУϴθմˣŸ뵼壬ôϲŮ
ŮλöûŮҪˡ
Ǯ˶Ӱ֣ȫ
ʾԺгͷһӰȻûˡ
ѽĶˣڹӪ緹ȥȥسд˾ͳĸ
һסسǸ߼д
дʮϸ񣬰дǰ̨Ա˵Ľ֤˲¥
˾ͳĸھ߼׷ĸźɳ֤¡
ҵ£Ǽ˵˵ⲻϻӽ֤ܲ
ҵ£˾ͳĸͬ鵹ûɶ뷨Ͼ°ܻĲҵˡ
˵ԼҶӻûһôϲϴҳԹһٷƼԼҶδϱȫϲ
ͬ˾鲻ȻҲϣԼҶҲҸԼϲĹ
㿪ϣĸﵱȻϲֻӽϽٸŮ
Ψһóĸĵǣ¾˰ϱϴӡ
˾ĸ˼룬Ȼ֪һҧʮ¾ƹˣǸùֺá
˾ϱĳЩðϱٺŮ˱ȣϱ϶ǸõģԺиˣ
ĸϰͶӵ۹ģҲˣվüģϱòԺ֪
ʱ׷űƿ˾ͳĸԼҶü͸ϲɫǣСֽͲµʮ֮˾֤ˡ
ĸӰʶ˳ѵúˣ
Ӱæ
˾ͳĸЦӦ£ϻ׼õĺ˳
Ӱȷܲܽӣˣ˾ͳĸЦúӣӰɣصظģ
ʵھ֤ûڶзĸŸ˾ͳĸϱʮ⣬Ҳ
ʾӹӰŽӹȻĿڳĸﱧŵĺϡ
СһƤף۾ںڣݣмֲ̫ȻҲںڵ۾һۿĳǸѪƯ
Ӱ۾һ
СһȴӰûɶȤͷ롣
ĸԼҶϱûǸѪ˿򵥸⺢ӵֺС
Ӱƹ⺢ӺҲΪɶҪ⺢ˡ
ڵĻѪɲȼʮĻѪ㡣
ڵڵĻѪ㳤ٺÿҲӡ֡
˵ˣʱʱֶӻһȥ
Ӱһ¸飬ֵҪұ⺢ӣ
ĸȻҲӸСϱ飬飬Ժȥ˾զϣ
ǵھӱ⺢ӣһⶼҧ
ϱҿţ
һ˵ĸŰѺӽӰջСһԲڵĴ۾Сֶ̾ݺݿӰ
СһҪҧ֮ǰۼֿסС죬һ١
Ӱû룬ֻΪӶˣźɳӶһŴɳι
ܲŲԣιĴˡ
ĸĲУ¶ϱ
Ӱͦϲӵģôտء
ֵĻѪƯɰˣ˵⺢ӻֶӡ
Ӱܲϲɴͬ˾˵ʱ򣬴ӿռóһСͷ
ڶ˺װǵϴڼǴΣǱɰˡ
СһܳԹϡСͷûԹɣ
Ӱ˻͵һСһСһʶ³Ӱȥ
˶Ƕ˺һᣬСһűߵ߶ݺҧԴСͷóˡ
ԹǵĳܲȻûԹСͷȳСͷζСһ٣ܿ
Ӱιڶŵʱ򣬳ܲЩԥӰɴֱԼҧĸԴࡣ
Сһ㼱ˣҪץһԳۼֿס
ֶӸϱ̹Լ
ɳܲѹóСӰ
Ӱ΢Цұͳɣ
ӰιСͷʱιһܲһţһһСгˡ
˾ͳĸԼˡ
ܿӰСͷιˣóĸҪˣҲ
Ӱ
ӰǲҲ׼СһţֻҪСһϲԺóԵģԺ⺢Ӳ
ĸʮּ֮ܲǰ˭ñû뵽⺢ôϲϱ
ĸԼҶϱҵĺãղſ˰ϱԺرġ
˾ͶԼҶϱʮ⣬ڸˣҲԺӺͶϱֶ
һ׷һ硣
˾ͳĸԼȥسǹӪ
ðѺͻҡ
Ȼ֤ɻû鲻ǡ
ӰŶԷؼңôֿȥķ䣬ʾϴȥ


69 
д,иϴ衣
Ӱڴϣ䴫ˮĪеš
ֻˣϴ,ûôÿ߲ͷ
ˮδĬ,Ӳʵؿڡ
Ӱǵһģʵ,⻹ƼһŽʵĸ
˴ϱĺ;ôµߣȥ
ڸʻλӰȴ˻ǵһε滻·
Ȼ
֤ǰ֤кܴġ
֤ǰ˾ܵ滻·
Ӱڸʻʲôʱ򵽼Ҷ֪,ѣӰ³
³ǰ,ڴϡ
ӰҲǵһԷˣڵ,Ҳû,ӰҲˡ
ֻ˵ͳɤʣղһ·ʲô
ӰȻʵʵ˵ֻ˵سǴôã¼ﵣġ
ڻ磬Ű˵룡˵֪һ𣡡
Ӱע⵽ԷĿڣȻϴҲȻ,֤,оǲһġ
³ǰ,֣صϱԺһã
ţ
򿪳ơ
³󣬽˲ٶ,ýȥӰ˵ʱƶط˯ˣҲûæ
ǸæѶСԺſڡ
Ӱߡ
ҿȽȥ
˵һỰӰԷ˵緹˵ľ¡
٣Ҳ⼸죬ת¡
ڵľӾ½תɸ½Ǳ߽ӰЩȣǷĵ籨ı˲¡
ȻҲͦԶɸ߽ȣ˲̫࣬Ӱͦ˵ġ
Ժ֮ǰӰ˽ʱһܣ˵ʱܿûٰ
Ȼû
Ӱݣһյú͵ơ
ĸŮĶæݡ
Ȼ
ŮˣŮȥسǣҲ˹Ůؼҵ׼
һһ˱ļסڡϲǶˣĸŷģŮ˵ŮһӾ£ĸæùŮ˯
˯ǰӰѰ뵼ʾŮТģԺп㲥
뵼ĸֻ˵ö˵ܲ㲥ر󣬴󼸰ٿǮƱг
ⲻһŮȻŮôصĶĸĲС
Ҳͬ⣬ŮҪ˵͵ƽ㲥ģôТ˳ԺҲТ˳ҹžǣӰ
Ůô˵ĸ˵һԼҹŮԺִţҲŮһ㡣
ԺкҲ÷Ǯ
ԼҹŮݺĸæѹصİ뵼øԼͷơ
˯ˣѣȵ֪Ů˸뵼壬ϡĲҲⶫ̫Ǯˡ
ڶ죬Ӱһй㲥ţȫҰֶֶŮȫ㲥
󻢺ͶɿȥСãⶫسɺˣ
Ӱ
뵼ô̵ģӰ뵼岥㲥һ˱ϡˣʮϡӼˤˡ
Ӱó뵼壬ĸҲǣȥæʱƵƵ㲥ʾⶫܳҲ֪զġ
ͻȻ룬ʵ̫˻ˡ
緹󣬳¼һҵţҾӽӣͶũ¶ʮ
˻磬ҲҪؾӰҲҪˡ
ЩϣĸҲԼҹŮ³ˣֻú׼¡
⼸ӰæŸĻ˵ҲһԲ̿۳ɫȹ
еֱۣ̿ͰӰһȹڵףɫȹҲûж׸ʮֺÿ
ӰԴһ£ͦġ
Ҫпգ
⼸ͼ·ũʮһ鶼ⲻ
ʱӰͼ˵ǻۼǼĳ档
Ǽͷ¿ˮòҶҡ
Ҳٿģͷɫƣ̶̼ݵֻʣһƤ
Ƽʱ򣬻һֱŲͣ϶֡
ĸ統ʱû
Ǽʱӣ
ûãһ·ŵԶũ죬ʮꡣ
Ӱ֪˵ĲֻǿʼԺʮеܣպһũԺҧ
ôһɷΪ˸Ժʮ֮˾ŶڻںжȹǶĳͷ
ӰĽ֣һ㲻ͬˡ
עһ磬֣ɫ΢٣ܿͷԷ˵¡
Σʵǰʵ˺ˣĳġ
ϣĸ϶ϲ˵Ļɫصرʾдһ˹˼һǻƻŮʱȥס
ײų⣬ֻǶģ˵ƻŮɶ
զɣسǹˣǹ㣡ĸ
ֻҸ̤̤ʵʵҹӵģƻŮɶҲ⣡˵ֱʾ˵
ĸŮ˺ŲĵĻ£϶飬ôûӣܲ
ʱӰصɶ˵ڴһ˼ҹͦģպʮ꣬мãһܵܣеڲǶƯƨɴһƾر
Ӱ
ĸ˵üͷǼҪĲǮе࣬һٿǮ
ĸҲɵﲻ֪ǻ˼ʮ֮˾֪Ů˸ŮһǧǮͷǹˣⲻΪǮʨӴ󿪿¡
Ӱüͷǹɶ뷨
ĸǹûɶ뷨˵ġ
Ӱüͷĸˣ˵ǹɨä඼ûϹϹС
ӰسǹˣɶöҲţ
ĸ˵϶´ڻ֪ȹЩӴ֪϶֪϶ñԼ϶˼£ﰡҪľ
飬ǹҲҸöѡ
ӰȴôίԼҶҾﲻʣҾö˵ͦԵģɶƻŮƻŮҪҪóбҵйͬ⣬Ҳϲ
ĸԼҹŮ뷨ͬΪ϶ĸø϶ҸƻŮ
ĻӰ磬ʱ˵ϱɶ뷨Ը˵
Сãûɶ뷨ģ統̸ģϾҵϱ
Щӣ֪£ҲûɶҸ̤̤ʵʵӵϱͳˡ
Ӱ
ת۵ũ¶ʮũ¶ʮǼȢĺӡ
ͬ׼Ҹն»ӣĸȥ峤˵ˣʱŮȥ峤ҽݰá
ϲڹŮ䡣
Ҳ˿ˣ˼Ҳϴ⼸׼˻ϯ档
Ϊ״̬ãûȸ¶Ӱ˰θ¶һ紩úȹ峤ҽӵϱԷױ
ױҲͼ򵥽ʸͿ֬ͷһ޻Ͳˡ
峤ϱͷĺ֣ڸСýʱ򣬴峤ϱСð͸ϸ徫µСֱ̾ûСƤֱ־Ĺ
ⲻźȹֻͷһ޻ûͿ֬ȵС㶼Ư
첻ͣ峤̥ŮһҲһ˵
Ϳ˺ɫĿ֬峤ϱ۾ֱˣҲɶݣǾҪϹˡ
һҲСó̫Ưˣ˳Уãֻ޳޹䡯еĴʡ
ⲻﲻ۾ֱˡ
ӰﻹڲԼҶĻ£ܸ׵ģҲ̫ˡ
ûã峤ѷ˸ߣͻȻʵŮ˵ˣ
Ӱɻͷ峤ŮҼһզ
Ӱ


70 
Ӵ峤Ŀ,Ӱ֪ԭжʱ򣬴峤ҾͿ硣
ʱ÷ѩҲû磬Ҳû,峤ȥĸͻȻ,˵ҪȢ
ⲻ峤˵紦˸Ҫ,峤һҲһ˵϶
֮˵һ峤ҾҲȻ϶飬϶Ǹϱ,һ棬⻹ΪѾͷһֱ׽顣
һ21,ڴϹˡ
˵һ֪Ҫ˵϶,ԼҲͬ,ûɣ⺢ͦܣ֮࿴ҲԸ⣬ɶ,ɶҲ˵
֮ǰ˵϶ʱ,ɵͷˣͦ˵ġ
峤֪ܲһϲ϶
ٺ,࿴һڴĶ󣬱ҪˣǻͻȻ˸Ĺ,ˡ
峤һҵû׺һɶⲻڻûˡ
ӰգգۣûһȻԵ֣峤һҶƷҲб֤
ղŴ峤ҴϱױʱͬһҲ˵˼仰˼ҲÿֳбҵȻͷ飬ԱҵĹֱҪ̫ס
±Ͼ£ҲӦҾһͦģʱҸ֪һɶʱ࿴һûԵ֣
峤С⻰ֵüЦ˵Щ˼ҲСøĸ˵˵Ӹ࿴һ϶һҪûԵ֣Ҳǿ
ʱԶ˷ܽкдˣ
ˣ
峤˼ʱȥš
ɩغĸȹˣƨɺ󻹸һȺӣɴ󻢶ͷΧӰǳԣ߸ӰͯӾ
ӰҲţÿӶ˼ǣɰһȺݵСһ˵ĹǺ
Ӱ˸СˣҲ¿¿ͦߵģŴ󻢺Сá
Ӱ¿˼ǣ⺢Ӷ£Ҳ˵ˣ¿˸Сܣû̸ӳԣ⺢صȥ̣ر£ļҲûؼȥСܳζ
¿ﲻ֪Сصظ˼ǣСæ˼ǵʱɶҲ˵˵û
ȻԼֶӺʹ峤ҼҲ˼ǡ
ĸûɶɩرԼСǵľٶ۵ĲС
Сúӣ˵СԺ÷ҲóˣҲͲ˵ˡ
ɩСôģ۾ҲֱˣĸҲýСʵ̫Ưˡ
զôôÿ
ɩػ߸Ӱ˵ϯ˼رˣϾϵļֵܶˡ
ϲ£ﲻøˣļɩڳûٰæûҾǡ
ղææôٹ
ı첻ͣ峤Ҽϱ峤ҲæӰɵſˡ
峤˵ʱʮּϾڴ￪гﶼͷһݣ˵ǿ
ϣ
ҹŮ̫иˡ
ӰûãһȺ˽ݣϳˣܻ֣ջдＸˡ
Ϊ׵һװߴͦεˡ
˸ͷ̫ߣʮֺȺؿڱһ컨һЦü͸Եϲɫ
һȺ˵ƼŵͻȻȫȻֹ׷׵ɴۣ۵ޡ
֣ܺȺ󾪽гϣҵ죬ɩ̫Ưˣ
ɲǺ䣬ɩ߯ƯǻûƯ
һɫļ׺ȹĵƤ׵ķ·𷢹⣬ȫ˳羱޳֫ϸ
ںڵͷһ߸ߵķ٣ٱһ޻Ĩ˿֬ٽˣƯľˡ
֣ǰ֪Сóúãû뵽ôÿ۵Ľ۾Щˡ
ܵȻ֮ǰҲɩӣÿμɩӣɩӶһƯģʵ̫Ư˦ЩĹŻһ֡
ӽĿһֱϱûƿ۵һͿ
ΧĿ׷׾޿һ˲˲صֻԼƼĵط
ĸ籧Ӱȥ
󲽹ȥĸ磡
䣬˴ߣĸӺײ֪÷զСæȥ
ɱඣඣ˺ͺ塣
һʱ峤Ҹ֣ûͣ
峤ӰûԶһӾ͵ˡ
ȾʻСԺ⣬һ䶯
˷׷ֹҹŮ̫иˣ˸٣ٻ󳵡
λŮ֪ҲɸëһҸţȥˣԱҹŮķ⣬Ǹëֱ֪̫ˡ
⻹ҪģɱݣߴɢǣСڶϲ졣
Ǹëͬλ֪ʱ򣬱˵ɢˣ֪޵ĸ˵һ
Ҳǣ޸ëôӣһӶˣ֪ˡ
Ҷȥë֪飬׷ΧСԺſڿ
ⲻſΧ۵˼ֱҪ̫ࡣ
ɰﱧݺſű
˾ͳĸҲҰæдˡ
Ƽӱϱݺ˷׷һϲˡ
ʮõʽ٣һ飬ڴ쵼ͼǰľɻˡ
Ӱͬĺ󻹰á
úﱻͽϲдˡ
ͻԷڴϵӰ򶼲ˣϴһ
ֻ˵㷹еɴ˴ϵļźԡ
ɩغܿһϸԣ˲⻹и嵰˽ԡ
ӰΪǹлɩӹ룬ɩϣСã÷Ǹհã÷ⲻǹ㣬Ҹһӡ
ɩԽ˵ԽĽԼȻҲãɱϸȲ÷
Ӱɩ˵һ˲۵׾ʹżЦ⣬˿ڰζ
һɩذѿ˳ȥ
ҽĿһֱдϣŰпߣڽҳæģĸҲÿ˷һòǴؼҡ
Ҽɩӣⲻ˲ſߡ
ҵ˺ͳ˾ĸһԷӰҲԡ
Ů˲ٺòˣĸҲдŮ
ŮŮĸüЦˣԽһŮв˵ŮԼҹŮ̫ˡ
Ҵ缸ˣﺰš÷򡯾ûͣ
ˣҲ˳˾ݣѳ˾͵һƿ˾ȡ
Լӽ飬˾ҲˣϱﶼûǶϱ־ӱˡ
˾ˣԼŮˡ
ְҵ⣬ƽʱմƣдˣѾ˲پƣƣܲȣ
¸Ҳӵ˵ơ
Ӱ˺ȾƣģͷɺͲˡ
ȾƣҲϱвˡ
ǵĴɩСɩضײһԼˣϧ˶Щ׷׶ʾ׼˵ײǸɶ
ҭĴɩСɩƿԣֱ
䣬˾ͳĸᵽԼҶӻٵˣһó
³˾ͳĸĸҲ֪Ů̫ˣⲻͻȻŮҪŮ뿪ĸˣЩԲ¡
Ҹ缸ɩҲʮܣһаĺ˽͵͵˵۴С
һǸ˵Ը񣬴ʱҲͬĸ֤֣裬Ƿģһúչϱ
һźת٣
󣬳ȿسд
Ӱųŵʱʳ˾ͳĸôûܲ
˾ͳĸǺܸ˶ϱӣʾоԱæû£뵽ϱӴҪĸͦϲ⺢ӵģҲͷĲˡ
뿪ǰĸӰúøӣҪǰ۸ʰ
ͬ˵ĳ¸ʱҲϱʾҪǰĲãֱͬ״ĲСӡ
Ӱ΢ЦԽͬżҼ˽ӴԽϲˡ
ǰӰԼ˿Сĵ㡣
ʻڣԼϱֲţʾͻ˯
Ӱȵ񿴵һġ
żߺӰԺӣС۵ĴӰսݣСۿ죬סӰСȴµҲҪСߣСòҪȥ˼ңҲҪСøˣСø
Сۿ죬ѾѾۿҲЩ죬Ŀʮ᲻
ƽʮСֶŮⲻҲסСãǲҪСøˣߡ
ҲҪˣСãСøߣҲ
ԼֶֶŮôӰЩܳˡ
ԴΪСһֻСøʹأֶôϲӰ黹ǺܺõģСһԴ
Ҹղŵ׼ҳźĸۿҲˣᣬⲻ˼ӵĻǵĸЦ
ʰ沶ԼҼӿһ׼˵⼸ﶼСøʹ󳵣֪СüҪСøˣ˰ɣ
ҼҲʮ᲻ŮŮֺãͼ᲻ùŮСãҲСøˡ
ĸѼŮйŮһŮȥϴ
Ӱϴ裬ҲͲϴȥϴͳɡ
ϴＸֶѾɩӴˣСĿ
Ӱȥ﷿˼ƻֶֶŮԡ
֪ǲǹŮҪŮĸҲûۣ˸ƻԣɶ
ճӰһ㲻û˴峤е£ⲻѴ峤һ˵ԼҶ΢˵һ¡
ɶ峤ˣĸŮ˵峤һ˵϶ˡ
峤һԱ˵϶Ķ̫ˣǺ̫࣬ĸ治Ŵ峤һ˵϶
˵һǴ峤Ψһ׹ŮһҲǴеģҲֺÿ
Ȼ˻ɻͷǸƻŮɱ϶̫ˡ
ĸԽԽҪǴ峤Ը⣬һ˵϶ʵǼ¡
ĸЩĵŮ˵峤ô
զܣҶбҵسǹˣϱֺã޸Ӱ
ûû˵ĸ϶ƢºãҪȻĶҲͷˡĸæӻ
Ӱ㿴ɶʱпջش峤һɶʱöһ࿴һ£ûԵ֣
ϢɰĸֻˣҲó϶ԺĻˣæԵ֣϶Ե֣
Ӱ˵Ҫطݡ

ⲻѸԼҹŮĶСľ
Ӱһʼ֪ɶȴ򿪺ӿԪЩˡ
Ůǵڵ͵ļԪɩ˵
Ԫֻ飬ⶫǺöһֱţⲻŮ飬ó
ͬĸһȻҲƫΨһĹŮĸҲæԼҹŮš
ԪֵǮӰɲҪɩ֪绹ãɩָԹƫġ
˵˾ǸˣĸҲ֪ⶫǺöϽţɵŮö֪Ͻţ
ôƫģӰжͬʱҲЩЦãⶫȷռ䣬ϾⶫȻǺöʮҪĶԺó磬պÿһ飡
Ӱط̴ɫϲʹԼľϵϲֶӰʶԼˡ
ѴϵĺӶɾ·ɴϵˣŵʲôʱ˯ȥҲ֪
ֱԼ˵
û˵ãӰ۾ͼߴͦε˽ݣ¡
Ӱһ£æѹ
ƼǰϤˣӰżԼս顣
˾ô¹һԣƤü۸ᣬĶͷˣ
ƿϴӰˣʶ˵ĶҹЩˡ
ɴϺ󣬳ϱڻ㣬ͷͷ˼ڣ졣
ӰճľζеСüͷģڳ۵һͿϱСͲֳ°ͼˡ
Ӱ˵ǣ˹̵ͷЩ飬ǻ׻ҡ
Ӱǵĺܿ񻹵ļãڣ𣬽㣡
Ӱ˿


71 
,ӰڸO@Ĵ
´ĳһ٣ϱɣѷѡ
ںڵ㷢ɢڼ,ԵԽСִɰףɹۿ,۵һƬԴ壺,磬˯
Ӱѵ磬类ȥ峤һױһ,˵Ļʶɻشϼ˯
һ,ۺƤš
ĸȥ緹ʱ,Ů,ϴ꣬æզѵôĸʼĳ
ʮ㣡ڻû㣡أֳĸ,ȿسҸĸȥվһϱ,˵һ£
ɶ׼ôؾĸˡ
е£ԵȻء,ˣ
Ҫȸȸˣ緹ߣĸæ
ˣ
Ӱʱ,ҶˣֶСԺɢıڡ
Сûڣ󻢶˼űܹȥС˵СãûСøߣ
ӰСһԴ뵽øȥ᲻ü˺ͼֶֶŮ
ôϲСãӰʡ
ϲСˣ󻢺ͶͬµѸմӳĴɩСġ

˭СöﺢӺأСΪСõҪߣ޵Ŀĵģڻûء
ɩӰһкȥ
ĸˣϽȥʰ
أӰʡ
ʣͱĸպɶ㹫ŻؾҲ֪ȥͣ
Ӱ澪ˣ˵զΪһȥվء
ĸŮѹ֪£˵׼ҹŮս飬ŮҲ᲻û֪ͨ
ϣŮǼ޸ˡ
⼸ͬ׼ҽӴĸҲŮûһӣرദⲻŮԺҪТ˳ţִϽӡ
սʹӰ
һʰˣӰ
ĸ֣ȻݣӰȰ趼ռ䣬СӣСصظմӣװĶ޵Ķ
ŲƱͲǮһ£üһһٿ顣
룬ﲻһǧǮԭⲻһٿ
Ҽ޹ŮôǮʮ鶼ġ
ӰҪһٿǮʰ˲࣬һٿǮȥĸ
ĸǮҸɶʮ㵱ߵģгҵ׶͹ˣҺùʣҲֻܴոʮޣ
Ӱ˵ļԪֵܶǮ
ﲻǮӰֻüŹҵƱңֶֶָŮһ˰Ǯ
æСøﺢ
ңһҲûţȲϼ
緹պãĸԼҹŮȥԷ
緹Ӱʱ䣬ɴ˲ټ⣬һＸֶӳζҲã·ϳҲá
ҪǻƽӰô༦ĸ׼Ҫ˵ģһҪŮĸҲ˵ɶ
壬Ӱ
ĸ綼Ҫߣͼ綼ļ٣ⲻڼҡ
ĸЩСҪɶóԵġ
СýߺԺķզϣ
еرҴϲСĺջˣ⼸컹ץ
ĸ缸ϲСͶ罷㡣
Сý飬Ҳ⣬ɾûСĺóԡ
ΨһΪҵڲǰôѣ÷ŵˡ
ӰóԵʱ򣬼ֶֶŮҲͰվڳԣСӰûߣɸˣͰͱסСȡ
ۼҼ򷢵壬ͨĵͳɰ׺һĶҼɴֶֶۣŮԲ۾
ǻᣬӰѾּۣǡ
ַļԲ۾˵ҺﲻҪȻֵؿˡ
˵ҼʮСü˾÷÷ʸߣҪȻַ˭ϡ
Ӱ򷢺õ壬Ӱͬ򷢵ĵһ裬Ź
Сʱ󣬳һرĵζζ˵ĸЩסæԼҹŮɶ
ֶֶŮѾʼˮˣСܲͷһվſ᲻ߣĸ˵ζҲЩ
˿ʮӣӰѴڰ壬һЩģһģĴ󼦵¯ˡ
ӰѼг룬һȥݸԼֶӳ
һ뼦гСװܷã׼ϳԡ
ɵĴ鼦ϣһ˶ɴۡ
ĸһС鳢˿ڣζɺֺóԡ
ϣ
Ůʵ̫ܸˡ
ĸһͷӣŮգɶ߯óˣ߯ˣ
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ĸһ󻢶СԼѾѾ̲סˣæҪԡ
ҼҲˮ
ĸһ˸һ飬ֺԼҹŮԡ
ǳԣУ
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һ԰ųϺϱͬ˵ĶԻ
ӰϳСã»һֱûл㣡ֳ÷򣬺úöСãҪ֪ãǾ٣Ҳ㣡
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һСʱ˽̸Уͣڻվſ⡣
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ʱĻһЩ档
̣ҵλã£Ӱһ
ұţЪϢһ£Ժ˳񣬺ҪӰóļ庢ӡ


72 
,óе㣬ձȥСһתͷһתͷȥ
Ӱӹ,ڻСһŤСҪ˻,Ӱ⼦ѽ
Сһһ٣Ŀ⾯迴,Щԥļ⣬Ӱ۵״żЦ⣬һСιСһʶ޳,ӰæӶֽСһ졣
СһȻѼ˳ζ,Ӷżⲻš
ӰûСһﱧڻ,ͰѼιպ,߳˵иӣҵˮ
ϱźӣ۵Ц⣺ã
ȥˮܲЩţͣҪµظȥ,Ӱιһļ⡣
ļĳܲʶһ,ȳ𼦵ζСһ,̻͵ĳ߳Աһֱע
ӰСһɫ۵ף⺢رûаȫС
λŮͬ־,ܲһ鼦⣡Ӱһλͬ־ԼͻϼӢ֪ࡣ
߽ĿȴƵƵӰϣǵԵĻϼӢЩ
ϼӢӵһۿһıףꡢһŮͬ־ûøС
ûӰͬ⻻⣬Ÿ磬һ鼦ôС飬õһͲˣ
䣬ֻϼӢӰλŮͬ־һһ鼦⣬һ飡
Ӱ˵ͷѰѼδͬ⣬οһ
λŮͬ־ɵ뻻飿
Ӱԥܾλͬ־˼ͼ飬øӳԣҲ㻻
ӰԥܾûϼӢɫʮѿϼӢλŮͬ־ͬŸȥƫƧɽ֧Ԯģ
˵ŻϼӢҫ˵Լ˼ģ֮ǰѡΪȽӡ
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λŮͬ־ȽӵĽռ˱ˡ
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ԵĿ죬ºҭӰæÿ죬ܲȴΪԼˡ
ֻצץס֣ԵҭķۣڳԣӰһæСһıֱ߿Լ˵ˮû
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Ͳһ㣬Ͳһ㣬ͼ޸λˣδҲܳΪ׳ˡ
ָܲʹԽԽ޶ԵİƽŮˣ޵۾ͨ졣
զ״̬զôԾ
裬֮ǰȥҸ¼˵Ը׵£˵ûͻȻʵ
Щ飬￴飬ͬһϡ
겻֪ΪɶеֶŮ
Զڼǧ»𳵵Ӱɲ֪˺Լˡ
˱źӣӰأҲϱˡ
վ˶ֻ࣬ߡ
˳վͣڳվſڵæӪߣߣ
ϱȥӰԷӪЩȣ˲ųô
򵥱ʾתȥǰӪ
쿴ԼӪһʮƯŮͬ־Ůͬ־һޣʱһӪɩզ˸ôĺ
Ӫתȥûٶզô죿
һ£ʾֶӡ
ŻȻ̽ʣӪ϶ɩӰɣ
ͷӦǣһû뵽ӪˣɩӳƯ첻ҶƣֻɩӺӪվһԽԽ䡣
ʱԼϱ죬ЦǺȵɩӣӪı㺰Һͳɣ
ӰǰƤڣر׳ҲرСӻǺкøеģЦͬк
ʶ뺰ӪͻȻ뵽ӪѾΪųˣæĿڵųɩӣϳҴǻؾ
˻ûϳ洫Ϥȵȣλͬ־ȥĶܲ˳·һ̣
Ӱͷ겻ɢĲ֮ǰһһٱŮͬ־
ӰǰŮûɶøУλŮͬ־˿ڣӰ˼ǲ˳·
˵ԼϳԼϳ
ϳźӰ͵λŮͬ־춯ٱΪȽӣ
Ҫ֪ΪȽӣǿٱ˼ҲϵģղŮͬ־ٱһӣͲɶûɫ֪ٱ˶˼Ҳϻӡ
Ȼ
ӰĻɫɫ͵ĳĿԼϱֶϣ²Էʮ֮˾ڳҲٱϱֶӡ
Ӱְο
ϼӢŴۿԶɫ࣬ϼӢĶţŮҾ֪ɶûɫ


73 
һֱߵ,쿪˿СʱĳûɫҲûù
Ӱȴطе̫ƫƧղɽ·߹հ˹,ˣҲ·,ֻΧȫɽ
СسǻؾôԶԺҪֻ˫ȻǱȥسˡ
ô,Сʱ㿴פھſڵʿ
ӿһ·̺ӰƼһոµש
ʻ,ͣһƾСԺų⼸ɩֻʱס,Ҫסǰשô򱨸룡
ӰЩʣשСԺɶô
,Ӱŵ֪ש¸ǵ,װˮܣǰˮر𷽱㡣
ⲻʣ滹ˮرƽַ㣬һ׷¸ǵשô
Ȼ,ҲɩӼסϰСԺ,ûש
Ӱͷ
ź³󣬾Ͻȥʳô򷹲˳,˳Բ
Ӻ׵ųû£Ҽһϱأ
鷳СѾܲ˼,Ҳûɶ鼦Ѿѹˣ͡
ӰɶСӼȻȥҸųͳɣǶſˣ̫鷳ˣ
æ֣ųɩӼߣôˣҲϱģ˵˼俪ˡ
ߵ룬ģѺӸϱ汧ȵţԼȽȥ
ĵƴ򿪣ӰŻ˯Сһš
ôãõĶú͵ƣⲻͻȻеƣӰЩϰߡ
ƿǺöеƷ̫ˡ
ȻƷƣֻʮ಻20ߣӰȴ㡣
ŵƹ⣬Ӱ´һСԺӸ֡
ԺﲻƾɣҲСǰԺͺԺڣưʮƽ
һһϴĸڼƽ׵ĺԺԺһھǰԺʮƽӲݴǽǱ
ӰԽԽ⡣
ȴΪϱ⻷ʾҾʹ򱨸ש
ӰæҾͦõģ
һסשӰϲСԺӣԺòˣҲۺʼɡ
ϲ
ӰС׵ͷ
שҲȻϱԸסİǾס΢٣ֵţȥʳÿûз˴򣡡
̫٣˻ˣֻܽˡ
ӰӽݣһѶ΢һ£󲿷ȫ˵·һЩ꣬ˮЩ
Ӱһط̫ƫƧЩ㡣
Ӱȥһۣиرˮ׺͹ưȫɺô߰˰˵ĶС
Ӱ´ڴϣ˯ŵĺӷȥȣֻӸһ㱡
ȻȥˮѴӺͽҪ˯Ĵ¹񶼲ɾ
ٴɨ
ȳ򷹲˻ӰѾԼҪ˯Ĵ̶Ĳ࣬ҵĴ̵Ĳࡣ
ѺӴһ䱧ԸǱ˯
·Ҳ¹¹˼ҲԼ·÷ߡ
·ûǴ˽ɫȹһԡ
ճȥһᣬϱĶʰ˴룬Էһʰ
զ죿Сһڻûأ⼸ˣ˶Щġ
ȥԷҪȥˡ
Ӱס˵ˣ˯һʵڶˣʱСһ·ˡ
ϱţҲգݳԷ
߳Եǰ׷
˲ٰ׷һزˡ
ʱӰѸղŶʰ˴룬һӿյࡣ
ʮƽݾֻһӣľΡ
ϱֻ˳ԣ˳Եĺ٣˼⡣
Ըԣùң᲻⡣
ʳõĲǴˣζ㲻ϺãӰ˰зͲˡ
ʣµվɸ˳ˡ
Ҳʳòһ㣬Ե
Ӱݸ˲ڷӰ˵ҲǸϲ
ϴ˷С
ûϴ裬ӰЩ̲ˣȣȥϴ衣
ϴ֮ǰզư趼Уզôȫ
˿е֪Щĵ籨ǰæģӰŻȻ
ƽզ죿Ӱʡ
˿е֪⸽ÿиɼУҲи壬ȥҲɣȥ˻ɡ
Ӱˡ
Ҳеƣ׳ϴɾһϴˮϴ衣
Ȼȣϻе²ġ
ʽú¯ӣˮʮַ㡣
տˮˮҺ¶ȣᵽϴ衣
ľٶӰüЦ
ˮӰһθ¶ϴͷϴ衣
ڼõǷϴ
ˣ˸¶ˮϴˮϴͷϴ衣
ϴ裬Լֹĵ˯£һҲȥϴ衣
ִһˮˮȥԷӲϴ塣
ˮʱ򣬼ںԺˮϴͷϴ裬ϴˣֻԺҲˮϴ衣
û£ʾԼڲӶϰˮ衣
˽׳ߴ壬ҲͲ˵ɶˡ
ӰԷ
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Ӱľױ̨
ѼѩྵԼһЩ˽Ʒľ
źƷϺӻûѣ˯ر㡣
ӰСһգСһëر𳤡
ھûɶʶ֪֪ףӰҲõԼ仯̫ñ쳣
ָʹø¶һѭ򽥽ס
˰θ¶Ѱθ¶ε̳һֱûĸ߼ƷҺͿ塣
ףͿ壬Ӱڴëʸͷ
ϴٶʮֿ죬߲ͷͷ̣ɵĿ죬ʱͷѾɡ
Ӱͷ࣬ʪյġ
ݺ󣬼¶ϸֱڴ߽ʸͷһ١
ĿʶµǺͲѷŹؽ
ӰŽͷû
˰ëһԣڴϱͷ
£һرŵ㴫Ǽ⣬˶΢٣޳Ĳ
һСʱ󣬵ͷɵĲ࣬ӰͷɵĲ࣬ŲλóһĴ˯
ƿϴ˱ڻ
Ӱͷ˿ؿڣ˲ͷʮȲͷ㶼˯ˡ
Ӱۣʶ첲۲ۣҸ㰴һ
ӰûԽ˿Խְ𼸸
ûӰʡ
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Ӱ˼ҵǣЩ΢ֵؿڡ
ӰտʼֻΪֻף˵Ĳס
˭֪ԽԽֱ˷ѹϣӰ֪´ˡ
ӰûԻиӣæƿ˵ͳɤߣϱҪ㣡
ڣ
㣡


74 
,̫ɹӰϣ˯ɣܾ˭
Ӱæ,ƼһСֻźĴ۾ݺݵ˯ҵĴ
ͻȻСһ˵֣Աǰֻһԡ,Ӱգգۡ
ѽ
нѽ
ȥ˯ҺСĴСһСһݺݵģ
ƫƫð۸Ư,ݺָ߰ͬƯģγɷģӰ۵ױ෴ˡ
ϾǸˣСһҲ˿
˭˵ģӰ˸
ⲻ̫,۵Ӱ˻һ
ͼСһһͷм,ѱӸˣм䵱ֽߡ
Һĳ֪¡
Ӱͷһ,ⲻ,ƼԼϵĺۼһ
ƤףЩۼ̫࣬ῴΪĿġ
һϣᱳ۵ӰֻԺڴ˵Ļѹš
ʲô㡣
˸˺ݾ
ܲ濴ǵĺۼ
Сһ,´,Ӱæףµء
ɫ,ڴ϶µҪ´һ,Իشϡ
Ƽܲӵ
Ӱ
˰죬ȻЩôվȣֱʱ䣬Ѿŵˡ
ôˣ
ӰæʴСһ緹û
ܲ䣬Ҳ
ģӰ²Сӿ϶Թˣʮ֮˾ĳ˴ȥʳô򷹲˻ˡ
Ӱû˵лһ㶫Ȼɶöȥ˼Ҹл˳㡮ʰʰұ˯Сһ
ڴԸ棬Ҳߡ
Ӱˡ
ȥϴ
ϴʱӰݵĶ˶½ˣư趼ųװˮǰԺһӲݡ
Ӱ˵ޡ
ֱĿǰԺ¸ʪյıһ١
ڴʱ˼ӣֻڴһΡ
Ϊˣ˭֪˾Ȼ¹һ´ڵذһΡ
˽Сʱ£Ӱ۵ֶ̧𣬵ǶԷϴ壬شʱûһ໹δģ
뵽¹´̵ʱһֱֻȫɰڻ
զԼԺҸóˣ
Ӱܲȥٶ˵Ļ棬ˢϴϴ꣬ӰȻС
һ£ڻеȡ
򿪷иǣһϡһмӡ
Ӱհѷţߺ¼ϱڲڣ
Ӱһʼ¼ϱûӦԼճ¡
ͷѷиϣæǰԺȥš
ȴţſվһλɩʮ꣬ƤеڣͨĿƣһɫȷɫӣͷһİ˵ͱӡ
ﻹһӰײӹ
Ӱæɩӣ
ոߣ¼ϱ㺰ҸɩӾͳɣɩӱ˵ߴǰС
ⲻյ֪ȢϱǸũ˻ϧһѣ֪ȢũϱզôƯ
ղŹʱСε۾ֱˣƣ˸Ưְף۾ںִͷҲرڣС΢졣
Ҷһ˫۾һһ죬զڳżϱϣզôƯ
֮ǰڷżϱھòһģⲻƼȢϱò÷ϱòѹˡ
С۵Ӵ
͹
Ӱ֪ɩ뷨æɩӣӰֱӺ־ͳɡ
ɣӣߴɩǸʮԸ񣬴żϱæѴһӵݸⶼԸԺֵĲˣֵɶǮͳųͳŸҲûȥвɹȳҼҵĲˣ
ߴɩ͵̫ʱˣӰʮָм̳ȻвˣĿǰûó
ЩˣҲܴ̳һЩ˻ţҲͲȥʳô򷹲ˣӰһö˼ңæл̫лˣɩӣ
ɩӰ֣ⲻü⣬˵ɶмĻ
ⲻߴɩʾԼҾסҸСԺ
֮ǰߴɩ˵ҪסǰשøϽ롣
ߴɩֵשȻ㣬ûԺӴ󣬲ʮƽиĺôŰ죡
˵ϼ·һСʱԶǼˡ
춼пգҪȥпҶһ·ȥС
ҪҪɹĶҪȥ롣
ƽմ°ʱһʱ»ɹϼУܴһѳȥسҲܴһѳ
س̫Զˣȥһοɲס
и壬ʮͣƽմҲϲȥǱ߸˻ɡ
Ǯ˽͵͵ǧ֪
ɶʱпգȥʶʶɩӣǳŴصæ
ӰӸߴɩеЩϸϢмˣæߴɩ㿪ˮ
ˮˣղŻһ
ߴɩ֪Ƽɶûʰʱ˸ھֱܾʾԼҾסڣԺеǻš
Ӱա
źӰһӲ˽ݣĲˣλߴɩ̫ʵˡ
ӰˮȥԷӿʲʣҲԸŰõĿˮˣݳ緹
¶࣬ӰҴҳ緹ϴ˷УصһˮͲϴ
ȰѹưЩȫÿˮ̹һ飬̨Ϻͳ񶼲ϴһ顣
ȳɵĲ࣬Űѹưų񣬵ζϷ̨ϡ
˵ζҲֻһͰͺһΡ
Ӱ̳ǶһϹϣϹкãڹá
ʱһˮ̳Ƕһϴ·۲һҵĴӣѼȫɨɾ
ҲüԷյûӣæĿ졣
æĲ࣬Ӱͷ󺹣سæػ
ְϹѹ飬档
÷һ棬ӰóһѺ춹á
ϹϱӰ⡣
û˰æӰ򵰰׵Ĵ
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ĳܲԷߵݣϣʮֺգ۾򵰰ס
Ƽ峺ĵ˼ӣͱɺ״Ѵĺ۾Բ
Ӱע⵽Сһϣúûˤƿߡ
ⲻƳСһԲСģӰ۵ʵڿɰ
һ嶯Сһϡ
ܲˡ
Ӱ߼򵰰ͼСһԲ۾ֶݵɿңԷ֮ǰ⵱˲գһ
Ӱ
ȵ״Ĳ࣬Ӱʹ
ùۣ춹Ĳ࣬ƿú¯ڹˣǳɺǼţ̽裬Ȼ󵹻شĵ裬ϴɾŹ
ʱõĺ춹ҲһЩѹ飬ŰѺ춹ɳһڰϡ
Ϲϱ˲١
ȼãһŰʽȣȹϹϱˢ¹塣
ճ緹ʱ򲻴ͼϹϱ
Ϲϱζʵ㡣
ⲻջԷĳܲŵζվڳſڡ
ӰζݺԷŰԷŶؽ
ľҲһ£ſվĺҪҪСһתܡ
аɣ
ӰţרעˢͼϹϱŶӰ΢Цɴ൱֪
ϹϱһЩżһϹϱתݸСһ
ܲӸղŵϹϱζĿˮҪˣ
Ƴȳ˱ǵϹϱץ
ӰͻȻסצӣܲһӰһˮϴ֣ŰϹϱݸԡ
ܲͷҧһϹϱȳֽŴϹϱ͵صɴ۾ǲĺóԵġ
ȥųԣأӰϴֲСһԴ
˵䣬ܲѾٿϹϱһҪ
Ϲϱϻ𣬿ɲܶԣӰһˮָһСһݣߺˮ߳ԡ
ϹϱͲٳˡ
ܲľγϹϱ
Ӱسæ
ϹϱĲֽ࣬İװҲ鲻㲻С⡣
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˭֪СһָҪǸĻɫı
ҲǣСʱҲըĺͼĳԵرûֿ
ı̫ϻҸԣʾѾˣٸһ
ܲչ𣺡ƭˣղ͵͵͵͵˺ö
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ӰǰŻŸ⺢ӺúýתСһŮˣ˲Ҫ
Ӱɴ಻ˣĹĹĵյǻŮˣĶɶ
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Ӱɲ⺢ֻæסˣǿư˴ȥСϴɾ˲Ű˷ˡ
ϴɾצӣСһﻹһظҲĶˣŮˣ
Ӱ˵ԺҪóԵģס죬һСӡ
СһԷӰû˸ղСһµġ衯֡
Ÿ˵ϴˣӡ
Сһ͸¶ϢӰ˰ֶӴʮ֮˾ŸǺйء
úˡ
ӰȰõϹϱͼȥڸߴɩҡ
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ô룬ߴɩǸסשĺ¥һ㡣
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ֻǿư˴ȥߴɩңæտһ¡
߼СԺӣߴɩӵļϹϱͱԼۼƼ
Ҫԡ
ߴɩÿ˷һϹϱóһ鼦ӷ֡
һγͼϹϱǼⶼø־򡢸ԶСֻΪˡ
ԹôóԵĶ
ų͸ߴɩҲũģﻹüĵ㹤ʻؼңԼƽջͦڼġ
̻ʡ
СĸԶͼ̫óԣһܳԹеıͼ⣡
һԣٸǳһ£ϴ־϶ͬ
Թ⣬ɶȥȥȥ
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ѺʱȥɩӼңӰæһȥҡ
سǸջſѵعķȻȻЦǺǴһкȥԼҳûȥȻţ˵Ȣϱˣɶʱ£
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أп˵
ȳԺȻҲСԺӣϱɳƹĤϱƯȻΪԽУǰھѹһͷ
˶˵Ȳϳڿ˼ţ˼תۿӸŽųȥ
ֵظоȢ˸ϱȻ꣬ȴʮֲʵɶۼû


75 
,ÿš
˸˵˽¸ڻţ˿е֪ڳȢ¹ɶҪ,ÿš
զ
Ȼϱģ᲻֪ɶ,ﻹǵ⻹ǵø˵ӣϾǳţ
˸»飬Ҳʶ,ȻŴӾɻȻԲСƶԷ
ϾԷѹѹģ˭˵ǰ;
Ȼϱȣǳ,˷Ȼ⻰æϵĻƹ϶,͵ɣ֪ˡһ˵Ҫļˡ
ȻҲϰ˵ͷɣȥʳô򷹲ˣ
֮ǰ,Ȼһûϱ
Ȼ,զԸũϱô棿ǲǶԸϱ˼Щɿ
⻰ɱ˵զܣ֮ʻǺȢϱɶ
˵žȻȢ˸µũѾһԲʮͨӵũ
ԱԼϱƯȻԽԽ꣬ڻѹһͷ,Ȼ˽ﻹʮָ˵ġ
Ȼô˵,ﻹŷȻ󣬲ϸϱ
Ȼ߳Ժ,ŵڵķ㣬еȢũϱͦ˵ġ
Ȼһ㲻Ľ,ųÿѹһֺͨũɶ˼أ
ϧ塣
ǰҰѵУÿζεͷҲ֪Ρ
ȻҡҡͷҲ룬ˡ
Ӱ֪˵ϼε⣬ʱȻЩ͡
⶯Ӱʮ֮˾Żˡ
ӰǰͺӳԵ룬˳Ե룬һرװ
ˮӰײˣÿһ붼һ嵰
Ӱ⣬ϧûȥɹⲻó
Ӱţͼ˿Ĵϱ֯ںԺʮСƽ׵Сֿ
Ӱæʣɶ
ȴ˿е֪⼸ȥسʳףӰȥسˣ
ѼʳŲֿ⣬ݺ󣬱ʾֻǽпգùӣԺʱˡ
ⲻпȥسǲɹһЩܼϱ
ϼкʹﲻԶȱĶ٣ϱһҲ˲
Ӱ֪˲ٲˣ⻹㣬ˣæһȥá
ȳԶſڣӰ˲˲ˣһܷһһгŴ󶼲š
ֻ˵һƱûУϴ¹õģڷһгǵ˵øĲ񡣡
гϱԺȥϼҲ㡣
ᵽȥسǸͺݵ籨֪ͨѵ
ӰֱпҪҪô
Щº󣬳ֻĲˣѷһȿڷ䣬гͣСԺԡ
ѡƫһŮʿгӰгϣ֧ڵ棬ոպá
Ůʿг񵱳صгһ
զôأ
֮ǰ˵޸˺
ɶöģ˿ɱЩ˦ֻŮ˸ɻĵ˺һ򱶡
ȰĶж˸ɾϱһᳵȥʾһͻ
ȵȣӰӳµë˲˰ѺȻ˶ôãȻҲˣؼң˲ˣ
ͷҪߣиСβʹԳСסȡ
СԴСһԣ
ڳܲﻹرϵģ״ЩС壬ղųŮķ˿ˡ
ö
ߺ󣬳ܲԺſڰͰͿСš
⡮ʯģӰЩЦ뵽Сһ䡮Ůˡһ仵Ůˡ
Ӱóұ档
ҪǽСסмԣ澴Сˣ
һóˡ
Ӱæسóһ廨ϴɾжȻµͱ廨һЩͣſʼһʱȫǽζ
ζʺͣζ˱ǣӰζʮֲ
ԭſڳ䵱ʯСһﲻ֪ɶʱ͵͵վڳſڣСſϣ͵һ·֣û˷СŰſڣʿˮ
ӰһûԼϲɴһ˵㶹꽴Ƶʱɺɫζ
Ӱһζʮֲ
Ӱ˵ζƮСԺ⣬մʳô˻ķȻ˳Եʳ֪ζŸζЩԲ¡
ڸߴɩһŸڲζֱֹڳϱզô
ھҲŹ˼˵ķζǱȲϳżλô㣬Ҳ֪ɶ
ųλͼǸַġ
־ԶżĺﳴİײˣԵüĽǼСܵܡ
ŵڵĲζĸųҲЩס
Ӱ͸߼ҵϹϱһôôĶζʮֲԵ㣬æʸߴɩⶫģʳôզôࣿ
ûȸߴɩأĸ־͸ǼҳԵģ϶ˣм⣡
ųæԼϱզ¡
ȸɩ˵Լ˵˹ȥϱ֪żҵľȻôص
ϹϱĿ鼦⡣
ⶼСӳԹˡ
Ϲϱ˸һζóԣ滹жɳڣ˲ǡ
ⲻʣԡ
ų֪Ǹڳϱ͹ģԳżϱͦкøеģ׾¹ǰ;ǿĳأ
ɩ᲻֪Լզģæϸϣǲ֪żλǽһɣڷżϱճżλơǰ۵ģϣһŮ˶ֱۣ
ɩ˵꣬СĸԶҲæ̳ÿƯˣҽˣզҲ̵ĶƯرóԵģҳҲҪƯֻ˵ϱ
ԶߴɩһԴզˣˣҪԸԸҪӣ
ų澪˻Щţûȷżλãżλھǳúõġ
ҪȻȻôϱ
ӰС˳ϣſСһæſܡ
Ӱ΢ЦһӲιߣҪҪСգ
֮ǰϹϱܲŬǿסܲһֿûУʱѾ̻̰ѿӵˡ
ȳζܲ͵صɴۣȫǽζóԵͷˡ
ϧһ٣ûһ̽ԡ
óԲ
ܲԥһ»ǵͷ
Բ
ܲԥͷ
ҺһŮ˲
ܲ˵
ʱӰæȥϴֱ֣ʾˣϴ־ͿԳˡ
ųϴ֣Ӱɣ㲻˵ǲķˣȸСˡ
ӰҪݣܲæСԺ󶼻óԵô
Ȼ
ҺһտʼҺãȻҰֲڼң͵͵ҲӰܲݺݵҪҴңҾ͸ү̣ү˵ˣҰָǸŮˣҪңҲС岻Ҫ㣡
Ӱû뵽һ֮ǰ⺢ӺŮˡܺòŹ֣Է⺢ӺΨû뵽Ҵ
ֲÿμʮ־䱸ʱһСզôǿĽ䱸ġ
ӰʱΪܣ󲻵һŮôôСĺµ֣æ˱ڻС㣬Ժ󶼸óԵģҪǴ㣬͸Сɲ
ܲб˱󲿷ּ䶼ǱӡԼļ䡣
ЩӲСҲЩӲպͶһʱ͸ˣƿ᲻á
Ůһᣡ
ӰǣСһֵߣȥ


76 
һľԷ,ϱ档
ӰߣȸҨһ׽ϣ֪ϲ,ӰҨһס
ܲԵŮ˵һȸҨԣҨر,ֵܲüЦ
ӰСһԴϲϿζ
˵ʱ,ĿϣҲҨһĲġ
Ӱһ˵
ÿӷֱһЩĺԣﳢζ,۾ϱζθ,˺üͣ¡
ģӰ֪ϲ,ƵƵֻ,ӰɴҨһڴϡ
ӰҲԼһײģԡ
ܲѾ̻ʳ˺üڵ棬˺üڼ嵰
嵰ӰصؼļĵģܲҧüڣеɫҺ,΢,ƽ͸ļ嵰ó̫ࡣ
,ܲѹûŮ˾ȻܰѰôóԣûԹôóԵİ
컹ԡ
ܲ۾Եͷ󺹡
Щ,Ӱԡ
ջϱ£ⲻճһӰİɶ¶ˣͷ档
һһСô棬ӰҲͦгɾ͸еġ
һһСԵٶȼ죬Ӱϰϸʣ˼ԡ
˸մһ̫̫İȺͻȻԺöûס̻⡣
ӺùˣӰҲͻָϱϸʵϰߡ
˵Ͳǲһζá
ӰԵĶЩۡ
ϣصض²ԣҲĶˡ
ⲻȥʢһ룬СһҲһ롣
Ӱһͱˣԭﻹʣһ㣬صظϱģϱԲ£ְʣµİȫɨˡҲӰʶ˵ķǰԷųԡ
ӰԺԸһЩҲüûԱ
ָ̳ڣҲһһСѼο˹ʸߣ϶ǮˣҲһҳԡ
ҲûҪصؽʡϾ˼ҽʡǼ˿ڶฺأ治ԣһ
ȳȥȥϴ룬Ӱʮ⣬Сһŵֱá
Ӱӣرġ
ʱܲ۾ſһҪ⣡
ӰһСһգˣСóԵġ
ܲ뵽Ů˿ɶóԵģرóԣܲ۾Ź⿴һһǸɫı
ӰҲϹϱͼ⡣
ϹϱģҳԵֻ̫ˡ
СһӶŵùԲϹϱҲ³ŻӣӰ۳ԣԼϹϱ
ܲʶܾŮָóԵģӣرᣬտʼãҲûô
ܲ΢죬Сȴ״һҪסˣǴ˵ļˡҼɺˣүһٸһӾͼˣ
֮ƭ
Ӱ˵˵ֶӣѾ뵽ԺҪŪСһǱˡ
Ӱأ֪ˣ
ȫζӰЩ̲ˣСһʳȥϴͷϴ衣
ͷë𣬳СһСȥˣҲˡ
Ӱط·ȥԺϴ衣
Ƥˮˮˮ¶Ȳ࣬ӰСһ·ȫǹ⣬׼ϴ衣
ӳĳͼϱĳСϴ裬üͷ΢
ԥȥСôˣԸϴ
ӰСһͿСһݣӰصû£ϴˡ
ϴȥæ£
ȳܲ裬ʹ󣬼ʹҲûӰᣬܲҽһæסӰҲҪС壬ҪСϴ
һſˣ˵ȢϱɲźСӵġ
Ӱĵ⺢ںСˣ΢ЦæСһϴ˼£裬ָϴͷͷɾ壬Сһط
ط·裬ͼϱڴϸСͷ
ܲĸܣеСᣬϱûͷ
վһԿãϱעȫڳСѹûһۣͻȻôСӸ治ɶѡ
վһᣬ·ȥ衣
ܲʱ۾ӰҪôãҲ㻵Ůˣ
Ӱ˵ôźҪСӻҺŮˣżˡ
ȳͼСϱ˯Ӱڽͷ
ëһߣ߸ϱͷ
û˯Ӱ˼˸ͷܲŴ۾ֺ濴ˡ
û£治ɫϱͷ
ܲͻȻӰҲͷ
˯ۼСӻŸϱڣ˳ܲˣԹ±˯
Ӱȴˣĺӵļ˯
ûëͷʱ̫鷳Ⱥ˯ź󣬳ͬú˯ڵ¡
СͣССʱͣҲһ˯һԡ
˵ͬϱֵ»飬ÿһʵڲ㡣
ӰЩͬ⣬úӻС
۲ۣ
˻ת̫죬ӰһʱûӦʶҡͷ
Ķҹȥ̴˵ʵС첻ͬˣֵ
Ӱû룬ָľ¹ȥ̴
˴ȥ̴ӰŷӦղʵ۲ɶ˼ȶֱͷͷѾɵĲˡ
˯
ֻ£̴ĳףױߡ
ѹڸڴϣӰ֪˴ɶ⡣
ȻȳԵʳθϱһ㡣
˵ϱզôأ
֪رϲƤûٵ⣬ҲûÿŮͬ־
ʮͬ־ûĽ˵޸
ȻʱȴҲ֪Ÿϱ»᲻
ʵϣûսˣŻ۵ϱˡ
ͷϱƤףƤְۡ
˼ϱΣղȷϱۺ󣬷ſ
Ӱ೦ˣ޲ûصղŸ۲۵ʱ
Ȼۣһһֱᡣ
Ӱڵۿ΢졣
󴲸֨ҹûͣ
ȵڶŵ룬ӰʱԼɤˣѹرЩݣڶûɶ֪ˡ
Ҳ˲ô
ûˡ
Ӱ֪жãǰж顣
ڴϻЩ£ҲԺжxing
ȻҸã̫ҸЩͷˡ
뵽ϱмͬ¸˵սʱ˲ЩӾͺˡ
Ӱ˿˰죬ųµء
µȶŲ鸡
Һϸɸˬˬ·Ҳá
ӰľǰľΣ룬þա
۾죬촽׵ĺףӡӣһЩȫӡǣ¾ӡǽӰƳˣҲûš
Ÿ֨һ죬Ӱ͸ӾƼһСһСſǽ¶С߰ƯС͵͵
һۣ±ֿ֣
Ӱ¾תͷ
֮ܲǰųӰˣӰ緹û
ܲͷСϡĻɫıҳԡɺóˣСҳ϶ˣ
ӰСӰʾ٣Сôϻ𣿵ʱﳤݿɱң
ܲûгݵļ䣬µҲ£ҲŲޣӺ
ӰЩЦˣ⺢զôɰأ
Ȼôôɰĺӡ
ⲻӰȻ£û£ֻܵȽˡ
ӰѺ£ԼܲСЩ΢죬ͻȻʲôЩͬСǲִˣ
Ӱ뻻·ȥ緹Сһ仰һ£û£Сզܴң
㲻Ҫƭˣƿ㱻ӿˣϺöˣ㴵˿̫ˣҴ
ܲͻȻһȴӰ㱻ԼˮǺסֱԣͨ졣
ܲСָıߵģҰС˵ԺҪˣ
Ӱ
ѵ󺹵ĳȻȥʳãͬĻмų
˵СķȻҲ28ˣλʮϼˡ
һͬϵõʤզͻȻӾɻ
ȻְλûھųƧľųȫᲢۡ
ûֻԼʾͦá
ʵЩңҲͦã̫ƫƧ˶ӣദ򵥣ʤ
ԾͷȻȻųĻǵǴ˾˵żɶ¡
Ҳ֪żľô꣬û˺¡
ʦһֱʮ
ǰȻԾǲǱһ㣬뵽ȢϱҲͲˡ
˵£ⲻԾҲ뵽Ȣϱ£ȹϲһȻţɶʱǽܽɩӣֳ㲻֪Сر޸˸ϱ۾һġ
Ȼǫ˵ûУΪ⡣
ֹԾĽȻ޸ʤ춼ЩĽַȻϱ
ҪиôƯϱ϶Ҳ᲻ϴ
˵ţΨû뻰⣬ü˼ЩԼϱ̫
տʼ˼ϱ۾쿴ɶǶûˡ
һƿӿϱϵĺۼƤۣȫɫӡӡ
Щʧء
ֻû뵽ϱǰһΪһ㲻ʣ
ģ۵ȴĬȢϱ⣬ⲻᶼһ졣
Ծʤ˵ǰھŮͬ־ԳűʾøС
ãŮͬ־䵭һûܣںˣȻȢ˸ϱ
ԾϱҲũģϱͦģеף֮ǰ˵ϱδж
ڳŶԸһϱʮ֮˾ǲϱˡ
;ϢʱҷȻƯģͬ־Ľ
ȻԿ׸ȣȽܸʶ
ޱ˵ͷ򵥴һк
ΣҲ˸˾λš
˸һͷһװͦθߴǿٳøá
۾ֱˡ
ȻҲͦӢģԶûλųĺá
ôӢľپȻһͨ¹
Ҳ̫ϧˣֱʻţ࣬ţ൱Ȼλλũϱ
֮ǰԸڵûɶȤⲻ͵͵Լ˹ڳȢϱ¡
ӷȻе֪˳Ŷũϱ¡
ûһ磬󲿷ɩӶ֪ϱ̫ԳŶԼϱʮֲ⡣
ǰԳмɩǸͬϾھ׿Ůͬ־ʾøУû뵽ͷȢ˸ͨũϱ
ӡӣӰһûҳţ緹ι裬ǰԺһݣ˳úýһԺǧӡ
ͬʱӰԺڼҺúù淶Ϊǧܴӡ
緹Ӱԭ򵥳ԣܲ档
Ӱ⺢ӹɣһ˲ٲݣҲҪ
һһСԵ㣬ܲ㡣
Ϳ˸Ժĸߴɩӡ
ʮһĸ־ԼʮĸԶ̣ĸԶ̲ˣæҲˣҪȥ̵ӣ
˵Ⱦܡ
ߴɩ


77 
СԺĵ,Ӱæȥš
ֻα˲עĺۼ
ֻǵţſվǸڸߴɩСĶӸԶ
СԶƤеڣͷԵģǺϲɰġ
Ӱ⺢ǲҺ,⺢ӵ̣ȱӲԺӳɲ
Ӱһ±,գգۣΪԼˡ
Сһ,ҵķˣҪĶܲһĲ˲
Զ䣬ߴɩʱӸԺ׷˳
ԶһС¼ҡ
Ӱæסߴɩߴɩ,ûɶֻҼҺ棡
ߴɩɲ,СԺ󺰣Сӣ,ٲƤ㣡
ڼҼҽſ,Сӻȥ˼ʷԣǲԵĻզˣһ᲻úʰСӡ
СǷʰ
ϧСһܽݣܲһߴߴˡ
ߴɩʮֲ˼ȥֱӰѳС,ɱһֱš
Ӱɩ,СԶҼСܲú棬һȥ,պҼСܲһֱûɶѡ
ԴСһҲûʶѣǸѪ,Ҳİ˷ųȥ
һֱҪŮӸһֱﻹãкһֱſɲɣиá
˵ɩٲýȥˣֻһӸҪɶԵģ
֪ˣɩӣģʱͺӻȥӰ
Ӧúӿܲ档
˵ʱߴɩһӲָϢ˵ĸߴɩǺкøеġ
ӰŽݣ׼һЩ
̳ǣһֳԲ
̤ݣС˵
ԺҵϴҾ͸ԼܲϤ
ϴ󣡡
ܲ󷽰ԼݸԶԡ
ղܽݵĸԶƼܲԵǰ⣬۾Բˡ
ⲻһּһӰһ
ûԹɶöĸԶ˳ܲ󣬾ΪˣŰɺóˡ
Զһͷ˺üڡ
ղŻ󷽵ĳܲۼԶڰȥ˿һ룬ֻץæˣѾ˺üˣ
Զ棬뻹ܲ۾ڳܲӶᶯˡ
ϴ󣡡Զ˺üϴ󣬾ϴٸԼڡ
̫óԣܲرϲԣһΣǰԡ
ⲻָԶһ̫ˣԼҲûˣʱڵԼˣҲϴˣ˱˰ɣ
˵ܲͷ
Զᶼˣ˺üϴֻгܲ
ԱǽǵӰЦ
ۿԶҪˣӰæСԶޣ̸̵棡
պϻһһ׾ͳɡ
Ӱسȥ棬䣬̺ܿ˳ϣҨһϣԡ
ԶۿһһԶָж
̣Ҹ㵱Ӱɣҹ̸С壬ҲԸ⣬Ը㵱ӣԺɶ衣Զ
Ӱ˵ҪǸߴɩԼҶ⻰ѪĶˣ⺢զô׺壿
һһʵѪ׬
ܲȴͬ⣬ںԲĴ۾ŭСңҪɶҲԸС裡
ʱִӰɸԶԴһ³ܲĹĵĶӣ˲ˡ
˵꣬Ӱųſš
ͼߴɩⲻһӲˣпĲܲлƹϣģ¡
ԺӺ󣬸ߴɩԽԽӵĴ󷽾϶ɶö
ߴɩԽԽⲻȥⲻϽȥ԰ժһӲ͹
Ӱߴɩôæܾ
ߴɩȴҪ£ⲻۣͼ¼ͷ԰
ߴɩҪСզôȻأСӳ԰
ϣ
Ҳ̫ˣ
զСӳϸ
ߴɩ֮ǰ͵ɶıͼ֪󷽣û뵽ô󷽡
ߴɩʡһЩռӱ˳԰ӡ
ߴɩõ˱˻ԡ
ÿ˺ãСӣߴɩæӣ㲻գԺҿɲҼˣ
˵ˣӰֻ£һӲ̫ˣӼԷ
̶̼ദҲ˸ɩǸԸռ˱˵ˣӰȻԸ
Ҫֻռ˼ëΣӰѹᡣ
ߴɩԼԺ֮ǰ˵ɶƼӰĲöϵӡǡ
ߴɩҲǹˣ᲻֪ɶֹƽհһףû뵽˽¶ϱô飿
ӳƯְףָ»飬ڵҲ
ߴɩϱƤû˵£ֻҪȥдϸ֨һһȥУպôʶһЩɩӡ
Ӱһмɩӣ鷳ˣ
ӻԺӣӰӾڼ棬Լñβݡ
һβݣһ棬Ӱǡ
̫ɽˣӰǰԺһ·ջԴϡ
ʱ࣬ʼ
֮ǰӰصͬԶ˵ҳԷ
ڵĺӶ죬Զڰ꣬ũǴˣҲ֪̼ҳԷ³Բá
춼̫ʳ
Զͬܲһͻؼҡ
Զĺãɵŵ̳ƮζԶˡ
ζզĻ
̿ˮؼˡ
ܲҲĲζĿˮСһ˲ˣߵſڡ
һſһŷ죬¶СͰͿӰˡ
иСˣӰȻ΢ʢһ㣬һŹܲһײˡһˮ㡣
ſſڵʱӰڽͼ㡣
ͽڻʹϣ˱ǵζӰԸЩ
ܲ͸ԶӶҪζιȥˡ
ӿˮ
Ӱ˲Ҫͼˮӣֱʱ䣬ԼҲˣæҰѲ˶˳ȥͿԳˣ
ӰѲ˶ϣһˮһܲŹһײ˷ʢĲ˿òǳܲǸԶ۾ֱˣǸԶӳûôʢĲˣӶҪɳˡ
ؼҽݾͷԼҶһӣӰ˻ˣæϴ־ͿԳԷˡ
ﷹζ̫㣬̲סȥƳۣƼĲˣƽղôڸ֮ĳ
æȥϴ֣ӰҨһˮ߸˵ղŸɩָһ˵¡
ⲻʵڲ˼ҲӼˡ
ûɶ˵ʱסͬųһסҲų͸ɩӾȥ߼ҳԷ
ϱôʮϲġ
ϴ֣Сϳ
ӰصøԶÿĲ˶࣬Ե㣬ϲɶ˾ͼС
Զϲˡ
᲻ǳܲǸԶȳӰĲˣǵˮ㡣
ˮкӳԣӰû̫Ӷܳԡ
ⲻӼۻⳢζ󣬷׷۾Ź⣬һݿӰ
Զ˺üڲ̧ͷ󺹵Դ̣Ĳʵڡ̫̫óˣ
óԵûˡ
զ̵ĶڿĽܲˡ
ܲԵĴ۾Բ촽죬ʱʱ۾ݿӰ
СզôóԵ
ϲԣԵ㣡Ӱӷֱû̵
СһԵͷҲ̧
һԳԵҲʮֹ񫣬֮ǰԹϱܲŹǺͳײˣˮһγԣһγˮĳⰮˣ㻹ԡ
ҪһЩϲ
ͷԣϱвˣӰϲһŹ
ҨܲŹǣֽŸϱǰҨһܲŹǣŹǸҨ˼飬ԼҨһǰ
׷ɿڵˮ㣬ٺһܲŹǣζˡ
Զڳ¼߳Ե̣ɲ˸ڸų
ߴɩΪͽ緹Ĺˣ֪ķ˾Ȼ㡣
Ӷӵˡ
ߴɩкܲĸų˵ԼĹ¼˵ڳżϱ治ũϱ
߲پɩũģһʡ١
ӣȳﻹַ
Ÿķ㣬ųЩĽԼҶˣЦСӣ
΢٣ֵȢϱã
ųԳλϱӡˣִ󷽣񷽸żλȻƯɶɡ
Լϱ˵żλñȸڷżλÿųʵզţ벻ȸڷżλÿǵöÿϡ
־͸ĽСĵܵˣҪǸҸСһܸ̼ҳԷǵ϶ǵȶˡ
ųһҺгڷȻʳô˻ͬϱԣŸƮķζˡ
ʵڸڷζ̫ˡ
֮ǰ˳ʳõĲ˻ζŸڱķζʳ֪ζ
Ҳ֪żλϱɶòˣȻ
ȻֹϱҪԺۼҲ
Ҳɻ
һæѵȻ
զȢʱ˵˲Ҫ飬ȥȢũϱ
ȻæɳɳɣԺﻹȥʳôˡ
⡣
λӢָͦߴģԽԽϧϧλȢ˸ũϱҪȻҵܸܸöũϱ˻ˣɶҲֲʶһ
˵Щ˼ܹŮѧ飬һ뵽λȢ˸ֲʶũԽԽϧ
ϱⷬ˵СĽķȻͬš
ԱȳżλũϱϱǳˣбҵˣھСѧ顣
ȻġäͬԼɶʱ͡
ǼУͬɩȥϼдļսѡ
Ǹֵ»飬ܵͱʾʾ
ͬ⣺û⣬Һ
ԶӰҳԵĿɱɳˣ·Щ߲ˣӰͻظڣϴ롣
ͻظ߼СԺĸԶɶ棬ɶòˣų͸ɩһڳϱ԰⣬ɶˮŹܲײˣĸųһӶɳ
˵־͸Ľ۾ͨ죬ųĽСȥżҲ䷹ԡ
ɩȴӰַ󾪴ˣ


78 
ũ¶ʮǸϼĺ,ûˡ
ҪϼӰ緹,ϡͷ
ͷõĶǰ棬ţ̼,ֵͷúӰһС,ζʮֲ
ҲԼ֪˼ﺢӱٺŮŰ¡
տʼŮ׸糤úáֺã޸Ժ㲻ʮ顣
ûã˾ͱ,¼Ҵ羭Ůʮֲ⡣
ɵŮ˼޸¼Ҵʱ,˿϶˽˴ˣŮҲ϶֪¼ҴĹ,˸ս,¼ҴҲйϽˡ
⻹ǨŭϣӰֻ˵ŮƷС
⺢ӵΪ⡣
ӰֻҺС٣ҪٴһЩ¶࣬ɵӰܳΪһӵӰ
ϱ,ӰûΪСʱŰ,Ը߼˵ӡ
ҲҺô֪յŮ˳³ãҪȻһ˯š
ⲻ,ϧӣӰص˼õͷƬҺһ̡
ӿ϶ԡ
ϡһͷԼһͷܲϴôӺԺݡ
һľ緹,ϡͷʮζġ
һƬͷִЩ΢ζʮֲζĶʱûס˼ƬãҲ塣
ôԣ˼ͷζĳܲ۾һŹˣСצץؿ˺üڶֻͷϴμĻɫıóԣ
Сеһм̧СԴС̫óˣһҪԣ
ӰһžСĨ˰ѣ߻أɣС
һԿϱĵģ۵Ц⣬һӲһͿ
ҪԺöƬܲ˵̧ͷСССצץͷƬĶûԼԼƬСͲˡ
ǰɶĻɫı
Ӱ粻ֹ⺢ٳԡ
һʼܲԼ˼ƬСͲˣСûٹܲɸˣСеķɿ졣
Ӱ⺢ӵôֻԼͷƬͷۿһͷƬ붼ҪСӳˣϻŹ֡
ӰۣСãԵͷƬ´ͼĶҳô࣬Сƨɣ
Ӱ˵ʹɫ˵䣬Լ⺢ﻹǺϵġ
û£ԣϻˣ͵ýѵˣ
Ӱ
ܲ˵üɫҲϻҲ³ݣ
Ӱ˵ƣʱ
Ӱһࡣ
ͷƬֻ˼Ƭ˲٣ۼ⺢ӻûϵͷƬһצץȥ
Ӱʵ̲סˣÿСצӵʣƬһڸ߼ÿ˳һƬ
Ҫϼֵˣߴɩ˵Ҷһ·ȥУһȥ֪·öʶһЩɩӣҲгҲû⺢ӡ
ӰֻܰѺȥڸ߼ҡ
߼ӶҺӻǲģҲûΪرԴ
⺢ӸԶֺãӰŷİѺӸ߼ֵ档
Ӱô˵Сһצӣץһֵͷ
ܲϲͷһҧȥͷҲ۾΢
զСͷȱĺóԣ
ܲͷͷСӳŵùԲ
ûٳͷƬҲûٳͷȭͷͷ˰˸ű
Ӱͷһϡͱˡ
緹ȥϴ롣
ôȥϴӰʮ⡣
ºСĨϣȥԺһˮźȥϴֻ֣÷ϴַ춼û¡
ܲϴĿˣϴֻצӣܲС졣
ӰͳĨɾС졣
ϴɾצӣָιһ裬ܲüһ롣
Ӱ֧ͬһõװƬͷƬԼƬͷӹȥڣ߱߸˵ڸ߼档
ܲͻͦģҲϲͬһ
ͬ鲻֮ǰ¥Щ˲ӣҲ
Ӱʱ򣬳ܲͷʣСɶɶʱѽ
´СٴȥУ֪ˣСӰһһػ
Ӱߵ߼ſڣš
ǸߴɩߴɩԭΪϼģּ֪϶һӡ
ߴɩֵͷǽɫͼɶöӵײһ͹ⷢġ
ߴɩʶ
֪ڳ¼ҳǰԵŹǣߴɩǳױӵַ󾪴ˡ
ⲻͼ嶫ߴɩڶЩľˡ
Ӱ˵⣬ʾúͬ߼ֵһ棬ߵɩӣûɶöͷͼͷƬӼζ
ߴɩæƾܣӣզôúӹ棬ɶҪҼҳ
ߴɩ治˼
üﺢȥںԼؼҳȥռˡ
ֻܵԼ
˭֪ƤĳСڳ¼ҳŻ󣬻һڳ¼ҳɶڳ¼ҳɶ
֪ŹдСӣߴɩǲ˼
һӲﹻϡ
ڴֶһͷͷƬզôӰڸߴɩĺøвǡ
󣬵֪ԼӼҳɶڸߴɩĺøоǡ
ԽԽкøУҲòϳ۹ĺð
ϱզȢôַ̫Щľġ
Ųңϸÿ»ҪϼҼһĹʣⲻ˿ֶ࣬ʿųԣܳԱѾˡ
ɶóԵģƼóԵľ߲·ˡ
߼ֵɤһӡ׷æȥ
־Զر˻رĸ̱ϲˡ
׷׶ܳһ̣
ӰӦһ
ߴɩӰѳܲԺ档
ϣʮкøеĸ־ֵҲѳֵܲܣԶͬܲ˲С꣬æȥ˽Ժӡ
Ÿ߼棬С㡣Ӱ߸ӽɩһֱĶ
ɴһͷͷƬܲ˵ӽݰͷͷƬ߼ֵܳԡ
˲ͷƬɲٳˣһǸģȥָ磡
ܲһͷͷƬСԺ߼ֵ۾ƣܲˣ֪ˣСҳԱˣԲˣ
ȥɣ
ҪǰѵӸԼҶӣߴɩܲߴɩ˵ɶ
ⲻͼܲ⺢Ӹӷͷˡ
ֵֻһ߰ͷһͷƬˣ΢ͷͷƬֵܿɰˡ
ǳͷƬζԹöĸԶã־Ե۾ֱˣóԵͷҪˡ
һƬСͷƬתۼڱֵֵܳ꣬ܳԵδ
ֵܳԵġ
ӳԵĸˣߴɩҲͲ˵ɶˣϱȢ治
ֵһߺʳܲɶզôóԡ
ܲͷƬ
ӰӴͦгģߴɩɩӣһؼʰһ¶ͻ
û£û£۲ʰһȥҲɣߴɩ
ͬߴɩкӰȥ
ߴɩȸܲ˸ԡ
ܲԲ£߼ֵҲԵĲֵܴ࣬ܲԺ档ݵĸߴɩȴͬ緹ĸ˵˸Ͱͷͼͷ¡
ųղҲ仰µһЩ
ߴɩӰһٺ󣬵ϸߣ˵˸˲զôӳñȻãҲûر󷽡
ߴɩ˵⻰ΪдƼȻϱȳǰԺ㽶
ſڰͰţҪȲԼԣߴɩҲôϾ˭ǮǴġ
ȾȻվſڵһ㽶㽶ƤӵϿųԡ
ʱͻȻ˵㽶رóզ£ߴɩ˶ըˣҲûź
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ӰؼԺӺ󣬼ûˣ뵹ϴĸɸɾġ
ˡ
Ӱһ·Ÿϼ㴩һЩ
֮Դ·٣Ϊ·Ǵ򲹶Ǳˡ
ʺܴõóҲһɫĵȷȹӣһ׳һ׾ɫ䳤㡣
Ӱ׳׳ĸʱʱ˷ɫ
Ӱ·ʶѵβİ黨衣
ڽˣһ·ȣӰɴͷȫ𣬸ϲͷƤͷͬӰһɵͷ鷢ֻ˰׳һɫӡ
Ӱþգ֪ǲ⼸ֿʼָø¶ˡ
ӰϸƣԼְһЩȻûﵽ׷ɫķɫҲͷһˡ
Ӱʮ⣬ͷڼø¶ˮϴͷͷ˳ֶֺࡣ
ںڵ㷢СԵرףͷر仹гİ׳ͺڿ㣬е
ӰһˣϸԼӡӵЩϸƿӰˡ
¾ӣӰ˸Ӻһ鲼ǮƱȥҸɩˡ
ڸŷһţӰվſͬ˴кɩӣ
ɩӱ;ӳúãⲻ΢һ磬ֲϹۡ
˵ʺ߸ͷͷںڣִһɫĳĵƤ𪡣
ٳĸ⾫£ƣƤ۵ˮˮ۵ģ͸ûСһ˻Ůͬ־
У°զôϸѽҲ֪զܵġ
ӰģϹߴɩۣųԼſվһƯ˵ݲС;ˣȵ֪СǸڳȢũϱ
ųȫɵԭء
û뵽Լϱû˵żϱģżλճżλǰѹơ
ûôÿŮͬ־ôף֮ǰų÷żλѾˡ
ɳżλƤ׵Ķ⣬Ǽ׳ûСס
żϱũϱ
ųԽզԽ
ɩӣλǸųɣӰʵ
ԣҼλӣߴɩƸųǸģ͵Цˣﰵ֮ǰóżϱģȲȡ
ģھͷһݣӸǰȲϡ
۾߱Ƥ촽ֻɨäҲ벻ɶôʿˣ;ÿƼرۣ
ÿĽ
ߴɩԽԽĿ߯ˡ
պóųҲãԺӺӿ϶Ưˡ
֪ߴɩѾ뵽ͬôԶµӰͬųк
ųʱҲлعˣæͬӰػȴֹǰھʱ򣬶ƯŮͬ־űʾøУɳһûͬ⣬ʱԺ۹߯ߣԺɶŮͬ־Ը
Ȣϱų泹׷ˣͷ࣬һߡ
ߣȥУɩӿ϶·ڵߴɩ
ӰһθϼҲ֪·ֻܸߴɩߡ
һ·ϸߴɩֻӺ󣬵һôơ
ⲻͬ־Ƽ۾ֱˣ·ɩҲ׷ļҵģզô־
ߴɩһ·ӰһЩɩӣӰرм
Щʻɩǵ֪־ȳû׻ƯŮͬ־ȻǳżȢϱ
ʻɩǷ׷׾ˡ
ȵȣ˵żϱũģرѿⲻŶԸô
ߺನҲûƽԽԽۡ
ǳżλŪɣ
˵żλũϱ
Ȳ˵˳żλȢϱóⲻᶼһ죡
ҵϣģѿզϣһôʮ껹ûȳżλ־ġС׵۵ϣ˵ģֳŲһ죬ô־ƯϱŶøˡ
˵ҲƳżϱģʼɲô˵ġ
ߴɩӰѹ֪İԣ·ͬǵɩӻϡ
ⲻߴɩϵɩǼߴɩ߻һλŮͬ־
Ůͬ־ǽһƯž°Сεļɩ۾ֱˡ
ھǰûô־۵Ůͬ־ίҵɩæʵᣬλŮͬ־˭ҵģ


79 
ߴɩȫз뷼,ھԵɩӽӰǳȢϱӰ˼ɩӡ
ʻίɩ,Ȼλɩӷֱţţɩӡųɩӡżɩӡɩӡ
Ӱһһòʺá
ɩڵļɩڵ֪ǳżλũϱһˡ
ȵ,һ۳զͻȻӾɻɽĸоһǳżλũϱˡ
Ҫ֪λھǶһﳤһλ,ƫƫȢ˸ũϱ
˵ϱرѿⲻҶžرϧô
˭֪ߴɩȻǰλƤرףԶȾƯȻ־ƯŮͬ־Ȼǳżλũϱ
ɩܲ,һɵԭؿӰ
ɩȻ񣬿ͷ,ٲߣ,æ,ұվţһһ˵ȥˣûɶģֳӰżҵģһ,֪·,һߣ
ã
·ȥУߴɩʮչӰ,ŬӰɩڲ
ӰԸʮֺദⲻûã˵ԡ
˵Եʱ,ɩڵļɩӶӰʮֺ棬ƵƵƣֱп⴫Կ治
żλҪó󣬻ò˻ˣƯľ͸һ
ţɩǸֱˬӵˣǲũģʵģȳ˻ˣµ
Ҳũģ¹ɲ٣ôô־Ļû
ӰأҼǰƽغģȷʵũġ
ɩֱпǴˮˣ
ɩӺɩԼɩҲ׷׸ɩӵĻ
ɩӣ˶ũġ
˵ũﲻһ󣬿ôô־ûУǰֻģģһƾûµظɻɶԹģӦùĲ
ⲻҲˡ
ӰأҼиĸ磬СҵҡҵǸˣ
Ӱôһ˵˻Ȼˡ
żϱȻסũ壬һȳ˲ֲô۵ģ
һһУһСʱ󣬵˼С
к󣬴ҹ˲úϱˣ˵ͺ󣬴ҷͷȥ
ߴɩҲصӰһ𼱣˵⼯̯ϴ󲿷Ʊ
˵֮илΪ̫ƫƧȥһسʮֲס
˵˴ƽմżͻȥ
ãллɩˣӰм
ɩӶȥ̯λӰ۲һ¼У⼯бС·̯Ķͦḻġ
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Ƽи̯λģһͰڻл
ӰæȥǮ
Ǹˣ˼ҲҲɶⲻвץ
ϧⶫζأǰЩֻؼԼҳԡ
ⶫζ̫أҲԡ
ⲻ̫Բ꣬ԡ
ϧãû̯ǰ˸ЩʧͼһʮƯŮͬ־̯ǰļ۸
æλŮͬ־һ˷ǮһǮҪƱҪ٣
Ӱû뵽۸ôˣ˻ΪӹˣԭһһëǮһ˷ǮģҶӹ
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Ӱ뵽ԼϲԻ˵£Իõȵˡ
ͣͺջҲˡ
ӰʣͰզ
ǰŮͬ־ҪһͰ촽ֱ¡
һͰһ԰ëǮļ۸ɽһͰѹûؾǿԷſռ䡣
˶ӣſռ䲻󷽱㣬ɩӶɶҲӰɴλ磬ǸˣܴܲոëܰҰһͰ͵ſô
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ëǮҲֻǶ߼·⡣
˴ʱŹ⿴ӰæӦ£һͷڣæʾھ͸ȥ͡
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ﻹмԼһЩ
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λũϱƳʮָˡ
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Ȼˡ
ⲻϱţóƯϱ
ȻȲϳţȴȢ˸ƯĻĳϱûƼƽźرĽô
ڻϣѹһˡ
ȻʱЦǺǿڵţҴϱһȥûɣ
ϱһսѿܻϱһϱʱ˵ã˽ֻ뼸սȥҾͲˣ˶ˣϱٲˣۣ
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Ȼ˽ԾʤƲģ˶һ۵ģĽȻиĻƯϱ
޸Ҳû˭ȵˣһƼϱ׼һĽʼɺޡ
ԾʤĽķȻЩƮƮȻ޲
뵽ԺʤԾһĽȻһá
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˼ҵӰȥڽӺӣûӵƱ߼ҼӴȥˡ
и߼ֵܴųܲӰҲġ
ʱӶˣԸ
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ľĲˣ˸Щսѿܻϱʮˡ
Ӱʮˣĵˣزˣһ
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ɱ㴦ϴ˱òˣӰֱѾˡ
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ԼҶӼҸճߴɩȥҳԷ
֪ҰͣߴɩĵԼϸһ˹ȥ
ֲӽ˲ŹǺ⣬ղŻʱƼǴֱŹǺ⣬ߴɩࡣ
ߴɩӳ˳һ
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ԺӺӰʼˡ
ܲŹǵϣȽһСʱҺú¯
ܲŹʱĻƹϡ
Ļƹϼ򵥣ϴõĻƹӵ֭ͳɡ
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Ӱһڣζ
ĻƹϣӰͳײˡӡȻը⣬⡢罷㡣
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ɰѸջˣĸ߼ֵҪˣܲŵζɸˣ޲ؼңС϶óԵˣ
ǵĸ߼ֵܸĽܲզ̼ҵ
˵ζļСܲҪˣ߼Ҵɩŵڲζˡ
զÿһαһ
˵ζǾˣһ˶Щ̲סȥӵɶ
զ
ڼҲ²ȥڣɫʮֲÿ
ѵһķȻԾʤȴʮָˡ
ΪȥżҳԷˣƳżλϱɶģ
Ծȸ˵Ȼؼٹȥ
ʤͷȻһȻؼңһȻؼҴϱȥ
ź͸ԼһȥҳԷ
šҲȻؼһˣΪΨһӪȥżҳԷЩսսֽţⲻҲȻؼһˡ
ɴȴʤؼҡ
ʤСԺʤղԶŵζﻹֹ˭ϱô㣬˭֪ǳżϱ
˵ζʮƮ㶼ţȽԺӣ˵ζʤ춼Щסˣ̿ˮ
ũϱԭô㣬㳤ѿ㣬Ҳǿܽܡ
˺ջܲŹ⣬˶ˣԺӵĽŲӰæȥ¸磬ǲǿˣ
ⲻֹϱʤƼ߳һ׳ں㷢С⾫£촽죬ԶȻ׻ƯŮͬ־ʤ𾪵ѿڶһ䡮Բۡ촽תͷʵţ⡭ϱ


80 
ɨ,˵ϱ˭ԺﻹŮͬ־
˳ĬϵʤٴξԲۡԴһƬհףֱǰɨĸ顣
˵ԾԼȻûͬ,ǻΪȢϱжѿλƯʵݲŮͬ־,ʤʵڲ֪˵ɶӶµĺô
Ӱ˰ѿ˴,ߵˮʤÿ
ƣʤ췢ֳϱø־СΪæµͷðϸܵĺȴԵСԽ,Ƥˮ۵ļëס
ͷںмɢڶߣԵСԽС,һ˫һۡëʮŨܡͦ΢̣괽
ʤ۵,զôÿŮͬ־
죡
޸,Ų޸ĺô
뵽һ᷽ȻҪϱѹһͷʤѾĬĬ淽Ȼ
ǰҲ÷żλøÿְף˳ϱ÷żλճżλǰ̫ˡ
¸磬Ҳɱ,ɱ,ջͲˣӰ
ɣʤȥԺæɱ
ںԺ,ƼһͰ۾һǻر𰮳ԡ
ںɱ˺üλ,ɱַֿ죬ûɱóϴССý
ʤʱҲƼ˻ⶫѳⶫζزóԣ뵽ղųżλ˵ζʤ𼸷ڴ
ӰʾѾ԰õĲȶ˳ȥЩãȣ׵һˮš
ڲ˶ڵġ
ɨ̨ϵĲˣϱôˣǺ
ȣЩۣë
Ӱֻˣһϴ룬˶Ҳ࣬ϴҲɣ
򴽵
ȣȥдˣûУӰæźջ
ëĳҲԸߣһĿתˡ
ⲻʤûƼųƣƼϱϡ
ʤƽһĮĳ˽¾Ȼôģ
һͿ񣬿ϱҪ̫̫
ͻȻŵһ춼Ըϱǲϲˣ̫ϡˣŶøǣ
˸ͷ̫ߣվڱխĳóԵԽƣӰæȥڴӻؼң˳㺰һԷ
һӿ϶ҲûţӰֻȥڸߴɩҽһӺˡ
ɣ
ʤȥڽӺӣøһȥҳԷ
ߴɩԸȥռˣտʼֻԸøһȥ
ſɸˣû뵽ջȻĺ£ڳżҷζʵ̫ˣֳԲԼҵ
볢żϱա
ּʤ졢ԾŶȥҶа飬Ҳͬˡ
ͬ⣬߼Сֻġ
ǳ̼ͷƬɺóˣķô϶Ҳó־͸Ÿڲζˮˡ
СĸԶɲզôҪһȥҪڣߴɩСһ⡣
øŴ߼ֵһȥ
ô˵ܴӹȥֻСĸԶȥ
ɰѸԶ˵ıı־͸ĽĲУզС
ҪȻҲôһǵ
Զǣųܲ¼ܡ
ܲ˵ҪǸԶһֱץţؼҳСĲˡ
ʤ졢˰æӺӹȥһ˾Ͳˡ
Ž¼ԺųƮζֱ̾üһżϱզô뵽ƼżϱǱ־ģֱ̫̾иˡ
ƴպӣںӣ˰æ˲˳
źʤῴʮַʢ˱ǵĲˣŹɶӶɳˣʿˮ
ĵĲ˳żѪ
ֲô
˶˳ûãҲ½ˡ
˷ȻϱԾ춼һ
ȻȡԾԼսżԺӾͱԵĲζĿ̿ˮ
ⲻȴߵƼһĺòˣ۾ֱˡ
ʱţÿʵ̫ܸˣһ˿̫ˣ
Ҳ͡
ȻҲóżũϱȻѿ˵㣬Ҳûпȡ֮˾ر㡣
Ҳ΢óˡ
˶Գżϱĳ۵мǻɶá
Ծһ˾Ⱥ󣬶Գżϱ档
ϧ˼һֱڳæųˣûʤ켷üŪۡ
ʤ᲻֪Ծ֪ɶûмϱզ
ʤûͬԾ˵ǴԼƣ׼Ƽϱס
ʤ컹һ·Ȼޡ
żλԷصػױһ£˷Ҳûżλף촽Ϳ˿ں졣
ʵٻͦģױȷʵÿ٣֪ǲгżλʵϱԱȣʤҲûжƯ˷۶ûżҵϱס
ⲻȻصظܵţϱ
Ŀ䵭ɨۣϴμҼǵã
䵭δ¶ĽĿ÷ȻЩʧϴǼŻûϱױģ
֮ǰмδϱȥ˼ҳԸ϶Ľ޸Ҳ޿ϱ
ⲻ˺ŶĽ
Ȼһϲɫ˵͵͵Ľˡ
ϰ߱˾޵ģλ䵭δ¶޵ĿЩصغúôġ
ͬʱȴʱԽ˸ָӢĳŸϧզȢһũϱһʻţࡣ
ȳԣϱڳһˣȥ
ҼҳС϶ŵڳţҳСɱŵæŵ
ɣ
ʱӰѾһջˡ
һһӸζ
ץΣһץһ顣
ϴ֡
ⲻܲ͸Զ˺ջӰǺóԲóԣӶ˲ûӰĻͷУյĻմ֭ζɺóˡ
ǳܲ͸ԶԵ̻۾Բ
ûԹɶöĸԶͷ飬Ҫ¶ӰæøԶѹͷ³
̣ɶɺóԺóͷҲóԣҶ
Ӱ
ӰæֿܲܲҲѹͷҲ¶ˣԲĴ۾ڹĿˮСҶ
Ӱæ֮Ҫ¹ͷʳܲ緹ɶǲڸ߼ҳˡ
ȳܲػԶѾܲشˣϴҼҵĺܲײˣѳˣϴֻһͲˣ
ӰĸԶСգ˵ߴɩҪԼҶôķˣСˡ
ֵӰ´ʮ֮˾ŶˣӵԴȥԷ
۵״ЦҲСܲͷȥԷһͰİ׷ȥֶϱһջ
˲˳ʱϴҲ
ǸտʼȳźϱʵǱЩĲУҼ˵ζ波ζһȺȫ۾ֱס
żĲҲ̫ó԰ɣ
֮ǰζ׼żϱղʱ波Ĳˣ澪ˡ
żձĻá
桢Ծʤ졢Ȼڵ뷨ͬһ
ʤһ㲻ĽȻˣĽţĽӶˡ
Ķıû˵ջôãϡ
ţɩҲ̫ó˰ɣ
ɩҲ̫ܸˣ
ڼ˿ӰûٹʮԽеʮֲҲѹһķȻﲻζ
ûٳԲˣ۵ȴмǻˣװģţɩզûæ꣬Ͻһԣ
ȻҲæǣţϽɩӳһԷ
ۼ̻ʳϱĲˣ۾̱ڲϣв˵Ķûϱٳһ㣬ûò˳ԡ
ȥϱԷ
˿е֪ڸ߼ֻź͸Զ˵ġ
ߴɩûٰǽӽ룬˵ԶײڣԺ󻹲֪ɶҪߴɩæߴɩ˲Ҳ
ⲻղÿ˶һЩ׼ȥڸߴɩ͸־ӳԡ
ͣӰܾȥдˡ
ȥ͵ͻ
ϱͬ˵µСģʵ̫óϡⲻûסס°͵ͷͻȻ
û̫ãȴʮּҡ
Ӱû뵽˻ô˵ЩæſڣҺûơ
һͬȥ
ⲻۼҶϱֹżϱ¹£ﻰⰵʾ¹ʵ䲻ϳţкüѣǳбҵƤƯҪǳû飬˵һܸܣ̫ϧˣ
ϱŶˣ㻹˵ɶȻæǳԼϱȴһŴһԲһƤڵũϱ۾ƵƵſڼզûɩӳ
ũϱϽӳôҶڻѹһ
뵽Ȼüá
ԾǰſϧŵƼվһ׳Ư۾ֱŮͬ־Ծһ˴ӿӵ棬ġԲۡһУתͷʤ졣
ʤʱæţϽɩ³Է
ʤȷ˳Ư۵Ůͬ־ǳλѿϱԾһĿ಻š
Ծ𾪵ĪڷȻӣȻƼϱĳǿֱۣɫȻ䣬ȵƼżϱű׻Ưɫûкÿ
ųʤ졢ǼϱģųʱҲϽдӰԷ
ţȳԣҳȥһ˾ӰԼ£Ȼȥ
ȥԸֱˬɶϲ̲סţɩģҲűɩӻ׻ÿģ̫иˣرɩջرã
⻰ûɶ˼⻰ڷȻȶС
ȻˣȴԼղŵҪŽܱȳϱƯѣջۣһ̣ϣϽòʣ


81 
ӰȥͲ,ȴĪЩΡ
ղ̸ķȻ͸˲Ѽӣձͨ죬ٱﲻһ֡
Ҳοˡ
ǳºͬŵ̸ϵա
ҪϱǲͲȥҡ
,һ˲ɶɩӺӲԷ,ϱֻܶ˵ɩӺҲζ
űͶԳżϱӡʮֺãⲻ,żϱͲ˸ңųⲻ˼Գżϱ´ޣ˵żλϱúִ,и߯иˡ
ʱ,ÿסߣҪסǰש,ɩһ,ζȫƮ˼ҼҳԲԼķ˿զϣ
˵ֱͬ鿴סżҸڵķź͸ų
żϱ澪סˣǶ罷㻹˶ʮֺóԣóԵͷҪˡ
û뵽ǳżϱȻܰζʮӵĻôóԡ
ղ̻϶ˡ
ĻһµóĲɵķȻͬ⡣
ʤ졢Ծ졢Ÿղ̻ʳ϶࣬ӱһЩв˳ԷٶȲ΢һЩ
Ƕ罷㡢ջŹܲǳԵĶΪ,Ƕ˲١
ÿڴҿ,رʡźͳϱҲò˳ԡ
򷽸ź͸żԺզϣ
˽̸ʱ,ӰͲ˻ˣ
ϱλá
ӱǰԺǽߴֹ߳Է,ӰҲģƳۣߡ
ʤ졢Ծ졢ŵȼæ̧ͷɩӣãϽ³Է
ҶԵˣӰ£ԼǰѾʢãһ룬˲ٺòˣлвŹǡ
Ӱö֪˸еã´ҳԲ˿죬ûóԡ
Ӱۣ߳Է߳ԼһӻԣջҲر𰮳ԡ
ⲻӰСĲˣڵ˲֪صظϱеĲˡ
ɵ˵۾һɶʱĮĳôģһ۾ˡ
ص¼ҳķȻ֮ǰѹԷһͷ֪ͷû׬ţžžιһӹķȻӶѪˡ
ȻͻȻţû뵽̶̼꣬ǶȢϱˣϱھСѧ飬бҵɩأ﹤
һ˵Ļ۾ҲӰɩӣ˵ǰЩֻģԲ˼һŮйСѧô
һһ͵Ļüͷɶ˼⣬šʤ졢ԾһȺɶ˼
ϱȲ˼ҳ࣬ⲻѧ
ⲻĿ鲻ԽɨڳżϱСϡ
Ƶĵƹ£ֻżϱСԵԽףæµһ磬С͸죬ںڵͷ¶޳Ĳ촽û¿ں죬ףɫеⲻ촽͸Ĩ˵֬رȻֺÿ
ϣ
żϱʵ̫ˡ
Ưǰѷżλȵˡ
ַȻʮֲѧ¡
ȻȲϱѧϱʮ֮˾ŻȲ
ʱԲ˵ɶѧ£׻˵г״Ԫտɲأ˳ϱķˣԺ֪զϱĲˡ
ʤԾһȺҲæԲ
üͷֱڷȻϣǰѷȻɸɾЩ˵˼
ֱѷȻøûףţҺϱһ죬ûɶ˼
ӰգգۣעϿ˵ͬ־ߵŮͬ־ϡ
Է಻ױữױ˿ȿʮϡ٣ʱֵǰߡ
ӰӶûɶеģһһ⻰զզԾ
ӰȻһԸԿԸ
ⲻȳ巽ӵţԭϱֻбҵѽղſһΪѧҵأ
Ӱһ仰Ӷһ飬źˣ˷׷Ц
ȼ˼ɩӣҼȻũģǰҲȷʵֹֻģҼĸֻһŮⲻҵңҹҶУĿǰûɶ㡣
Ӱ£ѷȻӾĴסҲŵĵɴۣһһ𾪣׷׿ţ͵ȷϡ
ȻʲôҪƲǰƽϣʵѹ
ͬϱȻϱͷˡ
̲ˣĸȷʵϱУ
Ȼ˵ٻⲻ˶ӰϹУ
Ŷˡ
Ҫ֪ڳбҵѧߵˣϸеȿʮѵãĻ
ɶɩӣˣȻȷɩѧߣ
ҪϹУСѧ϶գѧԣ
ţҪɩҲȥ飿պ۾ȱƾߵĻˣ
Ȼò׼ĸЦٴνϣɫѿΡ
ҲѹûżũϱѧȻߡ
ⲻ˵żũϱѧߣֱʱʱһۣЩסˣɫֻۣ
ֻ˶ڿЦ
һʮԽе˵ƵƵܡ
ⲻûȥһڴҴǱ뿪
ȻˣҲûжᣬעӰϹе¡
ŶȰȥбҵ
Ӱ˵ⱲԭȻֻ˸һϱѧҵصѧҵ
ûȥѧ飬ΪϱѧרҵǷװƣڶܽ
ѧҲʤγУиӣզȥ飿
ӰûͬҲܾһ˵ĺ⡣
ⲻһ֪ӰϹк󣬵ȳǳʱȰȥ顣
ӰЩͷۣϱԸȥ飬ϱԼиӣ󷽱㣡
šʤ졢Ծ桢ǸĽȢϱ
Ϊ˼ֻȢ˸ûɶĻͨϱ˭֪ϱȷżλƯ࣬ⲻѧȶԷߡ
ⲻĽȢϱãοˣʤԾԼ漸ˣĽ۾ˡ
ԾϱũģϱһֻСѧ꼶һֻϹɨä࣬ʤ컹ûȢϱ
ŵ۹⣬ɶʱóŰһ
ԼȥʱԸ⣬ǿƴߡ
ˣһϣӰ˼ڷԼ˷λǲǾסҸڡ
˵ȷϣӰͷ۵ôһھӣܾԺ²١
˼ڷʹȥϴͷϴ衣
æһ磬Ǻ˲ԼڣϱԲ£Ҳñ
ʱܲͷ˼ڣ̧СС壬Ůͬ־ɶ˼
Ӱͳһ㶣СһӰСҲϲղŮˣŮ˵ղҪɶŮͬ־ܸС壬˵ɶ̫ϧˣ

Ӱ
ųԼСԺⲻߴɩ͸־ų
ԶԼɶòˣһһòţߵĲ˿̫óرϲɶ㡣Ҽ϶ˡϴһ࣡
Ҫ֮ǰ־ԶرĽԼСܣղ̶һ˹кüˣǺﶼԵʮֹ
־͸ڲ֪Ĳ˾жóԣⲻڿĽܲˡ
ССԺˣҲæߴɩ˵Ӱе¡
ŵ۹治Ȣôϱ߯иˡ
ߴɩӰϹҲʮ𾪣æӿɲϣһӵʱҾ;ͬ¹ﲻһû뵽ȻУĻſ̫ˣ
˵óȢϱ䲻ϳŵ£һֱ޳۹⣬ϱŲǹӵģһֳձ˵ˣֳúҲɱȷżλ׶ˣ
ղŸɩƼӴҴߣɫЩԣæզ¡
ŲǸˣ᷽£ϱʣҲ˵˼䡣
ⲻߴɩԭѹһͷⲻȲѧѧȲⲻûȥˣ˸ˡ
ߴɩŷӱ˵¸ֻ
Ϊ㽶Ƥ£Ʋȣھֻܲ£ʵڿۡ
ߴɩϸߣŲԺ󷽸е֣
ߴɩЩҲ㿴͸ˣ˴ûҲУеӴ졣
ǰŻھʱʹѹţȲҲͲˡ
ɷž͸ţǼһѹһͷŵȥˣŲźһЩ
ûãȢĽĻϱȣôϱɲܸ
ȻΪŶϲϱء
ҲɶܹӵĺϱֻܣԼٷζѬƤ
ŷŵĹں·ӵ˰
ûȻкӹȶȵŻǰôȾйˡ
ҪָȵͻݵϱǱˣ˵Ժеˡ
ⲻȻȻؼҺ鶼ãѹһȴǱķȻɫѿؿ
ղڳ¼ңûɶⲻеȻȥµԡ
ȵԼûֲ£ҿɲ̣
Ҫ֮ǰȻҲˣڷȻһŭ˼ϱϴɶᣬ¸涼ᣬȢؼҸɶ
Ѿʶ÷ȻͬӰȽϣ챻ӰƵƵﱾͲˬⲻ˷ȻĻҲզڿҲ˳ۣǲϳżǲҪĺꡢˣ
ⲻһϴԾʱԽԽԼȰܵӰԼ˵ҪҪҲȥ


82 
ڷҵĳûдӰ˯,ڳ緹
˵ϡ˰׷رϲԻ
ⲻɱ˼,ôСҪӰܲ˵ġ
һӰһ̼
ǸղȥڸߴɩǱ߻ʱ,ߴɩװ˲ٺҡ
ӦܲСһͷƬӰûͷƬ,ǼһС̺
õüӵǺţۣɱˢͼ塣
ʱζˣǺζ
ǰԺĳܲŵζѾſڳǽ¶ССֱˮˡ
Ӱ緢ֺ,ûøռĺ⺢ӳԣֻǻͷƳ,СһͰһСģӰˡ
һĲô̵ĺӳԡ
ܲڸԶҳ緹,϶,еĺ̫ˣܲҧһڡ
̵ĺһ㲻ȼͷƬܲ۾ͷҧ,СԵġ
˼ںĳܲûԼСܵС,ܶһСԶô
ӰͦԼҺӸڸ߼ֵĺã˵Ǹߴɩص͸ҵġ
Ӱ᲻ͬ⡣
ɴһСӷĺСһ͹ȥ߼,պø߼һ˷һ飬ӵ͵ԣۼһ϶,ͻؼҳ緹
ֻԼСܷһ飬С飬ռĺ϶࣬ܲеۣ۵Сеᡣ
ӰӵʱСһ۵ģɰֱֵЦĹĵǸԶ͵ģۼһ϶࣬Եġȥأ
һݣܲӳȥ
ӰҲģ߼Ҿڸںܽ·¡
ܲȥڣһȥ߼ջŵζϱһιϱߣӰҧ˼ھͲˣʣµĳȫԼˡ
Щ΢ĺҲͦϲԵģϱʮ֮˾ǳܲСˡ
ϱС̫ˣ̫СˣЩʼɡ
´κɶ
Ӱæżû˵ͷȴûҪ˵ġ
ûˣԵСʳɶ£СʱҲ
ڸߴɩСԺûţֱܲӽȥ
߼ֵǰԺ׷ܡ
۾ĸԶƼܲһתٲˣˣæܵܲǰıϣϴɶóԵģղСԺŵζ
ܲСҸͳԳԵģкͼģɺóˣóԺöö౶
ԶһСЩÿԺѳһϴ˵óԺöö౶Զ۾һ
ܲһԡ
ʱ־͸ܲǼң֪кóԵˣСæܹȥܵܣզҼˣ
ʱ߼Ѿɶζˡ
Ҳˮ
ԶѾҧ˺üںϴûƭرóԣϴǸͷƬһԶԵ۾־ҫöóԡ
Ѹ־Ķˡ
ڳæĸߴɩæͼܲ⺢ָҶɶԡ
һͼıߴɩ˵źӹĿá
żҾͼˣѹ󣬳ԵǳԵ
ֻڸߴɩʡ˵ﲻЩô
ܲŻȥԺæӵݸߴɩ
ڳһĸԶԼˣⲻߴɩĺϺóˣۼҺóԺöö౶

ߴɩˣ֮ǰأߴɩӣǺҲͽˡ
ߴɩһӣܲȾܡ
ԶʶţߴɩݣļԼӷһ飬Լһ顣
ͳԼǿĸԶҶмԾûУԶĿˮ۴ޡ
Ǹߴɩ˺˰СӣԶֹסζԡ
һԣζ
΢㣬ߴɩûס¾ͳ˰黹еδ
˵ӡ
ͼĶԺ˵ر
־͸Ե۾û뵽ôóԣæ´ۼҲɲɣ̫óˣ
ʱӺԺݸϴĸŵζæԼϱɶ
ߴɩһźԼ˳ԣ˵˸ĺⲻȥӼҳ˲ٺòˣӻһˣⲻȥȥһ֪ûЩͼĺ
ߴɩڶ޲ڡ
Ҳ˼ڣζ治ɱԼϱĺó̫ˡ
ŵϱɶʱۼҲżôƺӿɰˣйʷѵҲɶ
־Զֵܿͷ۰ͰͿԼ
ߴɩζȷʵãҲɶʱȴϷˣʱ˵
ĺòˣŵĲζŸղŻʱɶˣڽ˺ջ
żϲջһǶ罷㡣
̫Բ𣬿ɻԣҲ֪ζصĻóԡ
ŶԺջⲻߴɩϱʳ˵һͰŰëǮҪ´μûУۼҲջʵզģ
Ҳ˺üӻأˣζĺóԣûһζⶼó
ѵôʱ򣬸ߴɩȻͬˣʾʱ̡
߼ˣûкԣкò˳ԡ
ӰһѾԷˣһջһһײˡ
кջˣʳܺãֻһ˼УӰ֪˶మˡ
ԸԲԼϱмӵҲԵˣҲܲһЩ
ܲرϲͼıӰֻ˼Ͳˡ
μ˺óԣҲϲԻͷԷԵر㣬һڰ׷һڻΡ
أ̫óˣ
ͻȻϱŸղۼɶòˣ
ͦͬŵģϱζʵ̫ˣַҲ󣬲ɩرٿѽʡ
һ㣬ʮϲ
ʺʹǼҳԵĺܺãûҪʡ
ӰҲû뵽СԺӷôãһƮˡ
Ҳ԰ѳŴϣûɶá
ͦԼסںԺǰһƬשסеԶҪסשòˣµõһˡ
ˣﲻܿԣǲԣϰ߽ʡǮԺǮֵĿ죬ô棬ǳԽʵڡ
˵׻˵ɼѣЩһһСóԵģҪɶʱʡȲϰߵǰһһСˡ
ӰҪػСԺŵӰȳԣȥ
ţߴɩⲻӵʱָӰһѺٸҶӺ˺Ƥķ٣˻ͦóԵġ
Ӱû뵽ߴɩôĿǰͬߴɩǺϲġ
¹ܸߴɩɶͲ
ߴɩҪͣӰҲˣԺɶóԵģָڸ߼ҼӳҲɶ¡
ӣɩ㻹е£ߴɩ
Ӱŵ֪ǳԻˣⲻߴɩصĻզ
Ӱ˵һвһлֻøߴɩʱˣȥְֽ˵˸ߴɩҲһǵס
ϣ̫̫ˣ̫лˣߴɩͬԽԽ
֮ǰߴɩصȰȥн飬Ҫȥ԰һ¡
ˣɩӣһﻹиأӰ
ߴɩ֪ܲǺǳֶӡ
˵ӶǺӱ軹ãһֶܶôã
òӼ޳иǳȢƽϵϱ̫иˡ
ߴɩеСٴһȥСѧˣʱҼҼֵҲаһ𡣡
˵˼仰ߴɩߡ
ţӰȴŸߴɩղŵĻûãû뺢ѧ£ȵ꺢ѧȷʵˡ
ӰһѺҪݣڷֱһ
ӰѵӷųѺٷźԺյݵʱ򣬸ԽԽӰԼ˳ȥȰûӳ
ʱɫѿˡ
æһһ۵Ļţֻ˯ûհԣᣬӰЩʣżզˣզ
ⲻյſھżλϱꡢ
ɫȻ£¶ͷɱ𼸸ӰûԼɫôѿʱ
ѾԵĲ࣬ʰԺ᷽ҵ£
ôһ˵Ӱˡ
ܲԱ㣬С죬ӰС죡
ӰӸĨ˰ѣȥҸڸ߼ֵ档
ȺӳȥӰȥվˮǰϴ롣
ɼÿˡ
һʼûզϴ룬һϴ뻹һ룬ƶˡ
Ӱæϴ꣬סմ֣
ѽ
޵զôأ
ϴų񣬿ʱ䣬ˡ
ӰԺ緹زؼҳԡ
˻أ緹ʳóԣûգ
ɣ
֮ǰǰԺӲݷţпճ
Ӱͬ⣬ﻹǴԼɵܼ¡
⼸ϴ·ȫ˸ϴɹˡ
Ҫ֪󣬳⣬ϴϴɶ¶˸ɵģƵ
þñճСԺţɣϸ·СԺſڵķȻ
ȻƼţʶһкèҴˡ
뿪
磬ӰǰԺĲݣȵ缸ӲŻҲ֪ժ˲ٺɽ髡
¶϶ɽ髡
߼ֵڿϲӰˣⲻԸժɽ髶Ҹԡ
Сģ𣡡ܲԼһĸԣӰӹһˡ
Ҳ˸ɽһС죬Ĳлɽ髡
ҲǣʳûУɽ髳Ѿˡ
ɽʵ̫ᣬӰԣüӰɽ髶ǰԺ
һпոóԵġ
߼ֵﲻģĶɺó߼ֵӰڣæѶɽ髶ſ
߼ֵܻؼ緹ˣӰܲ緹
緹ĻƹϺһƬٹһһСһ׷ˣȥƤ⳴ζʮֲġ
緹ӰӴᵹɽ髣ܲСһһϴںڵĴ۾ʣСɶóԵģ


83 
ӰЩɽɽ髸ɽ髹֭,ʱӦͦϲԵģɽ髸ɽ髹֭ϲϲԣ
ܲæͷ
ϴͷһɽ髣Ӱɽ髼μˮʮӣϴ˼ϴɾ,ŹӰˮ
ܲ͸Сβ͸Ӱƨɺ棬Сһ߲,Сֻ۾ʮֺ档
ɽںӰɽ̳,ȫǷͨɽˮ
Ӱ϶ǣһɽ֭ζ͸ŵ΢ᣬζͦġ
ζá
С,ҪȣܲСצץӰ°ڣӰһС,Сһȵ۾óͦϲȵġ
úú,Сܲ˵
Ǽ򵥵ɽ髹֭,ʱйͷûй֭󲿷ֶľ̵ġ
ζǺʣºӲȡ
Ӱ˵ζһ㣬һˣŽһ,ڴһɽ髹֭ˬˡ
ӰιСһＸ,ȷٺȸúȣʱ߼ֵһ,ֱʾóԵġ
ܲͬ⡣
Ӱõɽ髵ٺͺ˶ȥŹǼ˵ˮ
ڹС
ʱɽζ
ⲻڸ߼ֵ緹̸ܹɶóԵġ
Ƚߵ¼ҳſ,ɽζֱˮԶ·߲ˣڿָ
־ʮֺʳܲɶ
ܲСɽ髸⻹ɽ髹֭Һ˼ڣɺúˣ
ⲻȽϸߵĸ־ԶֵܾƼһͮͮˮǴûء
ܲ˵رúء
ֵܿ̿ˮ
ʱ򣬹ɽѾĲ࣬𣬼Ӳ
ɴӳһ˸˰ɽ֭üȥźȡ
ʣµɽˮѷɽˮϴɾźԺţٺȸúȡ
ĸݺɽ髹֭Ӱӳһѹɽ඼棬ŽȷٸС
⣬߼ֵȹĹ֭һںֵ۾뷢⡣
־̫ˣ
ղôɽﾹȻܱôúȣ컹ȥժɽ髡
Сˣܲղźȵɽ髹֭÷Ĺ֭úȣͬ־ֵһһںȵСʮ㡣
ڸԶɽ髹̵֭סⲻһȫˡ
ȫϴﻹвɽ髹֭һһȣ
Զˡ
զȵô
Զʼںȣ־ȹúȵĶãתͷʣµĹ֭ȫȽˣԶҲûˣ
Һˣ
Զޣֿܲ۾Ͱͺϴ󣡡
ܲԸҲȲСᣬȥԼϴ󣬻Ǹһڡ
һڸԶСİʣµĹ֭һ룬ĳܲˡ
ԶһϴϴҴˣ
ܲʣµĹ֭꣬ҲسӰСҲҪԶСˣ
Ӱ
ϴ棬һڳԵر࣬Ҹһڹ֭Ҳȵر࣡ܲ
Ӱ˵ϴСܵĹϵ濴ԶСܲɴ꣬զҺӵϴˣ
Զ⺢Ӱûб⺢ӻƭúģ΢óԵľƭߣÿʮְȫҪȻôӣ治ܡ
ʮһĸ־ǴӣǺ˹֭ýˮϴ
Ӱüȥ棬ϴֱʾɽ髸Ҳˣ÷
ɽ髸ʣµɽ髹֭ӰüӰԡ
־۾лл̣
ûϴ룬־Ǽְ뵴ϴɾ̰ųߡ
֮ǰܲһ
Ӱͦϲߴɩӣͦ¡
ĵ࣬Ӱ׼ʱҵɩӣų˵ϱʦͣ
ɣллˣӰСԺš
ųϱӡɺˣֻųɩһˣû뵽ɩӵڶ͸ͼˣ컹Էˣϱɩӡʮֺá
ɩӵģصصɩӣųر㣬ʦرųöൣģ
õģллˣӰź󣬾ʹһ㼦⣬Ͼʦ˵ϼȥá
룬СԺŵһɼζ
ⲻսݣͼܲСһݣһС⣬Ա߻һͮͮˮܲһڼһںͮͮˮȵĿɹˣСˡ
ھһɽ髹֭ϺúˣȵĻúȺö౶żԸá
ѵһ죬Щʣ߹ȥñӺһڣȳֱζɫһ
Ȼڳܲ۴£ʣµɽ髹֭ȫˣһˬɽ髹֭ó١
ζó⡣
С廵ܲ۴Уµȥ״
Ӱ֪Լ˻ˡ
ɶֺúȵģʡ
ɽˮӰ˵ԼҺӺ͸ڸߴɩＸӲժ˲ɽ髣ⲻ˵ǣ˵ɽˮžô
ϱֻ룬ŪɽˮôúȵĶ
ֶӸϱġ
ƣӹĶá
СС廵ҵɽ髹֭ȹˣ̫ˣܲȥ֣ͬһֻСһ
Ӱæ⺢һѺӺú
ҲӳһҪһ
ˣҲֽãӰѰǰȥʦҳԷ¡
һں꣬ͷţھ͹ȥ
ʦͣɩôӰʡ
ʦҰǰĲ£ʦһֱҶʮֲҵɹܼҳҳԷθպҶһҲɹһԸûɶɽˮϴɾ룬ʹϱ׼ȥܼҡ
һ£Ӱóܲȥں߼ֵܹ͹ȥߴɩ϶ƾܣֻܸɴø߼ֵܹɽ髸ɽˮˡ
ܲȾȥˡ
߼ֵܺܿ͹ˣ˹ɺ˳һ
ƽһӶ
ⲻӰɽ髸һɽˮݹȥ󣬼ֵл֮󣬰Ⱦˡ
ӰסСĸԶһ鲻Сļֵһɽˮԡ
лл̣
Ȱɽˮɽ髸ڸ߼ֵˣӰüӸԼȥʦҡ
ܼңʦͬҶί̸ʱ֣˵ĲԽԽҵ£Ժ¥Ѿв˼ҳ¡
ٱıٱGί᳭ҵ¾ûٹ
ЩӣҶίľսGίͷʢ˾ڶݵˡ
֪˾ӵɻظкϱȰ£ҶίΪԱŴӾ
ʦҶίһ̸׽飬ʮ굥ųʤ졣
ⲻԼֶŮʦҶǣô
ӶԴʮ껹ûʮżⲻᣬеĶ
ɳŵĶԼֶŮơ
˵أЩˡ
ֶŮˣһĵԴϴγ˾ӳֶŮõĶֶŮǲԸ⡣
ھͲףֶŮҲֻλһΣľһͷ˽ȥأ
οųѾ飬Ҫû飬ֶͬŮŬһѡ
ϣԼֶŮʦĶӣղźúô
λųʮ꣬ٳҲͦӢģȻûг˾ҳųúãҲһ˲ţõĶ
ɳϵʤλŮͬ־ֵͦģͬ˵ÿ仰ﻰⶼڴ̽ھϢϱϢ
ĿƵƵſڣһһڴŮģ
ûǴѾ˰ɣλŮͬ־ɶ˼
ʤ컹λŮͬ־ͦύʵģⲻڶԷû仰͸Էõĸһˡ
ʱӰԼӽԭܼҽ˵Ƽſ߽ߴָӢľװˣʶ
ĿǣźֵŮϣɫϣָģȴо˿ۣ۾һ۲գƣ·Ҫ˶һ
ţʦҶίӭӡ
壬Ҷ壡
ӰҲ˺һܾ˶ƣʶͷ
Ȼû뵽Էô񣬽Ӳʶ¶һơЦݡ


84 
Ӱջ,Լ˵Ľ£Ҳźһ壡Ҷ壡
ϱɣʦЦǺʵĿʶɨŮͬ־,Ůͬ־òʵǺãͷں,С£,ھû־Ůͬ־أʦ۵һ˿ȡ
Ϊϱ˾֮ǰĵ籨ϱ,ûչ˰ϱչ˵ϱ
ɼ˾ϱʮġ
ʦǰͶ԰Ժɶϱʮֺ,Ӹձɹʱʦˡ
ֻǵӸ϶¶æ,ʦżټˡ
⼸԰ϱԽԽ,ټϴȥҳؼҺ԰ϱǽһ޲ڣһֱ˵۹ãʦ԰Ȣϱ͸ˡ
ⲻҶίպҲɹ,ȥ֪ͨӡ
ʦԽŮͬ־,ûжĿȫ̴󷽷,ʦԽ۾Խ
ϱӲ࣬ĳϱ⡣
ô,ҶίҲæ
ھҲ˵˳˾ҳȢ˸ϱ¡
˾ͳĸ¶ϱʮ⣬Ҷί֮ǰȢ¹ɶ£ɶģ
ⲻ˳ʦĿҲһѣһҶίҲˡ
Ҷίһӡǳϱ׸־ģھټ
־ʲ󷽸Ǵкһ㲻ûũȳѹֳ˾ͳĸͬ⡣
ʦҶίʱӰҲɫˣʦһװЦĿͰеڣʮꡣ
ҶίŸᣬʦеʱζ
ʱӰӹȥԼͬʦҶί̸
ʦҶίĿⶼɨӰߴĺӡ
ʦµһЩ⺢ӳ⣬ʮ֮˾ǳ˾ӣ˾ͳĸԸ⺢Ӹϱˡ
ʱ⺢һڰϱߣϱ⺢ӻ
ʦˣ
Ҷί֪ܲҧ˵£⺢ӱٺŰȶҧˣԺﲻھӶ˵⺢ӱٺŰľ⡣
⺢һڳϱߣɫãһ㣬Ȣϱ治
ɳӸղλһܡϱ֣˻جج
̲סظǸΣͲһͼ޽˳¼ң޸λš
ֻһ֮˳Ϊδ׳˵ķ⣬޷˹ĸҡ
ԽԽģԽԽħ
ʤһ԰ϵı۵ףһţһųϱơ
񿴵ʤеľġ
ܾŮͬ־е⣬ﻹŮͬ־޸ϱ
ʤͬ־û°ɣ
ǲԼʧ̬¶һĵЦݣЦݿʤĪƤ
ӹʱӰѴļݸӣԸһ㼦⣬һ⣬ʦʱ򳢳ζ
ղŽʱ˴ͬˡ
ӽӹ⣬ߴЦǺǵ⺢զôأ
ԴۣǼ⣬һ㣬ϱɰҲⲻղվһʱ򣬱ˡ
ǰͺ氢ƵɶϱھûپܾŮͬ־
ŰȢϱò֪۹жˡ
ӿ߸ӣҲµǳ˾ӡ
Ӱóܲһ̡
ܲɺ̺ã
⺢ӿ涮£ͱϲӵˣο⺢ӳƯӿϲˣˣӰ꣺ӣҶίҵģ㺰ҶӾͳɣ
ڵ֪ʦ˳ӣͶԳȢϱɺˡ
˽ϣȢϱȲֶŮġ
ⲻղӽţҲûٴԽԽ𾪡
ʵǳ˾¶ϱñȳﻹʮ𾪵ǳ˾Ҿ񲻴զˣ
ʦϱҲҧˣ𾪣ϻͬżϱܴһк
ӰԱͦ񣬶Էûӵ飬۵׸Ӵͼֵ⡣
ʵϣԳµϱȷʵҲûɶøС
ҪûλŮͬ־˵ѾֶŮͳǣߣ˶ˡ
ȻڿʦҶӣſǾ˾Ķӣ
ⱳĿɲһ㡣
˵ͬڵ֪¼пܳº󣬺޲ͬ¼ҳƲϵ±ۡ
˭ҵĺӣզôƯҪұ
뱧ӣ껹⺢ͻȻҧֶŮզ죬˵⺢ûھӲһҧѪˡ
ˣɶӣ
߹ҪܲҲ뱳С壬ɫһȴ˵ĲУ⺢ϲ
Ӷ˺һẢӣ⺢ͦصģӰӣأ
ܲԥС
Ӽʱ෹ˣæȥ˲ˣ߶˲˱ߺԼϴŮæ
ʤ˲ˣֳһ⣬æһʣģζ治
ҲһڣζȷʵⲻǰϱԸļ⣡
ʣǲƤرףرƯλŮͬ־ģ
ӵͷ
һǳϱģʳʤҲһڣζ治
ⲻ뵽ˣִԼҶӣæԼҶӵҶίǹͦģϴզ
ͬͦõģҲƼҾλͬ־ͦģر磡
ʤ˵λͬ־Ʋλͬ־ϳǿ̫ˡ
˼Ҷˣܱλͬ־ԺǽŲɡ
˵λͬ־ҲûɶøС
ϴһ¾Ͳ˵ĲУѰѼų񣬶˲˳ȥ
⣬ӰȻǿˣøѺӷɳϽ
ӰҲȥæ˲ˡ
һżϱæ˲ˣԼֶŮֻǺżֶӣϽȥæ˲ˣպÿܼұֱ֡
⡣
ﲻ֪Сõ뷨ʤѹûɶȤȲ˵࣬ȵϳţδʮܳΪ׳
˵¼ҳ£˾ְָܻλ˵Ⱳӳ¼û£˾û·š
ǵﲻǳ˾δ׳صľֶӡ
ֻܲڣܲѹ
˶˲˿죬˶ˣӸϽд³ԷҲʦҶίԼ̸ˣϽ³
ӰʦдǿѪһĲˡ
ӰȥӣֻͻȻλͬ־Ҫ㱧ιɣرϲӣ
СҪ㣡ܲԥӰ֡
ӰߴǰλŮͬ־ܾλŮͬ־ڹ֡
ղűԷСҶίϱ͸żֵ⣬ǰŮͬ־Ҳܲɶ⣺λͬ־ллĺⲻˣ
Ӱ߹ȥܲߵСҲϲղǸŮˣЦĺü٣ҺһʼЦһҺҰ֣ŮСô
ӰղŻû룬ⲻСһĻŲһ١
СģֻҪ㵱СС϶ϲģû㳤úÿر󣡡ܲԽ˵ԽӰⲻƼԶλŮͬ־ʮ֮˾ˣɫķࡣ
Ӱ鲻ߣСԷ
Ӱߡ
һʼ߳ԷϱȳԷӰûãͬʦҶί˵
ߣӼвˣ͸ϱв˱ͬʦҶί˵
ưϱģ˵治һˡ
ӡﻹǰܾŮͬ־ģ
ֻԼҶҲϽϣϽҸϱǰϴ˵Ҳˣʮˣܲ
Ů˼в˵ģξ˴󵽶ֻ档
ĮİŹ¹̬ȡ
ȥȥ߽ҲΪʱ˸ն飬վܾԷû˿ڶֶȥ߽֧Ԯ
ʵĮϵ˶ϱôᡣ
ҪҶίĻһһ߽Ϊϱ᲻Ҳô
һٷԵʳʣθȴ
ʦҶίԼʤ컹һЩơ
ãʦҶίԼʤ˵ƣЩ
һԵ˵ɢ
ɫϱˣܼһϱȻȥ
ʦˡ
Ӷ԰ϱӡ󲻴Ҳϲӣƽпնܼ
Ҳʾøʦӿ⻰ʦӶи⡣
ллӣԺпҾʹӶǱĴͳɣӰȤ
ǵʦӷЦſոá
ͬ־ȵȣʱͻȻ
껹ԼֶŮͬʦӺú죬ͼǱߣʵͬ־ҽԾ죬Ժɶ¿Ծȥô
ӰԼԷпܶ뷨Ȼңԥܾͬ־ҲҲ죬ɶ¿ʾɩӣɩǶرˣ
æЦǣҶرˣԼҶӸҶίֶŮһԣʾ¿ܼҡ
ûõĿģѿ
ȴЦҲʾ¿Ծܼңȴ⺢ô˵ɶأŶˣȥҳϱȸɶ
ųõĶ󰡡
Ӱ뿪ҶίҲˡ
ȼֻʣܼˣԼҶӶŮͬ־ȢϱŹȥ
ʤֱӱҶλͬ־ûɶ뷨㻹ǱҽˣϲպܸɵϱƸղλͬ־ۼң붼ýˣԺȢź
ȴͬ磬һۼң϶ǲ˼ҪҲ̫ˡ
ʦҲͬ£ʮҶίڵϱզ޸Ҷίġ
ʱҶϱҵıķҶϱûȢϱû뵽ȶ˾ƸһŴ
һɱҶίֻܸ֤
Щھ˵ҶίӹϵⲻãʦûɶøУֶŮȻɶøС
·ϣͬҶίʤöá
һֱҶίҲʤ첻޳Ȣϱ
ȴҶίϱҶų˾Ȣ¶ϱҲզأͦװģѳģһƾǸرֶ˼ģϳ˾ң


85 
ҶӰ,ӰҲ̽ԼˣͬҶҵĹϵ
ҪͬλŮͬ־첻Ĺϵ
ʦҳԷӰûټλŮͬ־ʱʱϡ
ѹʶҶίϱֶŮ,źӺԥ˵죡û
Ӱ˵Ůͬ־һ㲻죬⸴,Ľдż־
Ƥˡ
ɲϱæʾԷҶίֶŮ,յԺ¥ûá
ڰƽأܼ
ӰȻԼˣֻܾλŮͬ־Ҫ̫ȡ
ӰҲģڸ֤ˡ
ɲȼʮ,ֻҪСϻóȥҪƤʮ֮˾Ŷλɹ
ŮϵܵĿʮ,СûʼǽŹƾͱ粻ٱû³
˵ͬǾ飬ܱ,Ӱһ㲻ĶԷǽ,ҲԼġ
ܲȴͻȻС壬Ůͬ־ҿˣҲϲҪιҲŲҪ
ϲԺԶŵ㣡˵ǰϱûϲŮͬ־,,ȻܸŮͬ־κǣ
û룬ֻΪԷԺ̬ʮ֮˾Ϊұ
ԺҶίֶŮԶ㡣
ҹɫ,һڲɢؼҡ
·߼ҵʱһֱĸߴɩСԺ
Ӱһʼĺ̫Ҫ˯˭֪⺢ӽ˸߼СԺ,µظ߼ֵǰԺ׷ң׷㣬ıˡ
ͬ˵
ӰҲڸ߼ͬߴɩ˵
ߴɩӽҪǼĵķϾˡ
ĵķûҲûͣóźӳζ
ĵķе̣ûãǸ˴룬ȵݸԼϱԼһ
Ӱҧһڣ۾
˰һһͬϱŸǻ
Ӱû룬˻ҧһڷֲģ
ͬ˵˵ϱҧĵطҧһںԵر㡣
ߴɩӾٶ۵ף˵ǰûĳźͽ˻ĳŲ
Ʋһĳôʱ
ϸߣԸ˸ֻԼ
ߴɩԼˣűɵĪ
ӣĵķǲر𣿡ߴɩЦǺǵ
Ӱæͷȷʵ𣡡
ϲԣԵ㣡ҼҼСӳԷˣǹԶԣߴɩ˵
Ӱ֪ߴɩΪ˽ʡƽʳԺ˵Źˡ
ˣӣզָҼСͳԵģߴɩ
ɽǼժģɶӰ
ߴɩȴɽɽˣһ֪ӷ˲ǡ
Ҳ֪ôɽˮɽ髸⡣
ӳԵʱϸ߶ˣɽˮɽ髸ⶼʮְԡ
Ҳһɽˮɽˮúȣûȹôúȵˮ
ѹСӸⰮȣһһȣϸ߶˲١
ɽˮȫһҹˡ
Ӱ΢ЦϲȾͳɣ
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Ӱڻ֪⼸쳳ܵԭҲ˵
ߴɩյӸǰСǰЩЩԭǷżλģ
ɶԣǰڵĲ壬ӡǣѹҳţҲ֪Լɶԡ
ⲻȸߴɩ˵ˣ֪ǰЩӾڴȢ˸ϱֺѿ
Ӱ
ҶţȴƱ˵Լۼˣֺѿ˵޸ţһʻţࡣߴɩ⻰ûӰǺס
һʻţ࡯ɶݣ
ɺ㲻Ǹȥ¶˸ôҲ֪ȸƭˣⲻڴҶ˵ȶʼ㳤úòô˵ġ
ȿ޿ؼңʮ֮˾Ϊ¡
ӰӲǣ
ߴɩһˮǰû۾һƯŮͬ־ɸˣⲻ첻Ҳ˵ɶǰžͰ˱ȣΪԸȢ˸ƯϱȢ˸ϱѹһͷû뵽ȢôϱƯֱܸɣڷĽʼˣ
ҪĻʵںãǲζ˿̿ˮ
ǰżһֱû𣬶ʳôˣӾôţų¼ҵĲζӶԲʳõķˣ˭
ۿӱԼϱƯܸɣܿùȲŹȥ
΢٣ߴɩͳʦԷˣʦһˣܲʼɣӽ鶼ãⲻͲô
˵ߴɩһӰȻҲǰ췽
ͻȻѧ¡
ʮ֮˾ӵʱΪũģֻϹɨäСѧѧѹһͷ
ӰͦԭϹһҪȻôǰˡ
¶ɱѹһͷ϶ˬǡ
ͬߴɩϾõ죬ڵĲ࣬Ҳˣܹ
Ӵϱ˸߼ҵţһ뿪ǰߴɩһرķ
ܲԷղӰԶԣŲԡ
־ԶСһӰ֮ǰɽˮɽ髸£ɽˮСܲٺȱɽˮǼ¡
СֻСûȹôúȵˮ
Ļţȥɽժɽ髡
ſʵ̣ܻܲȥժɽ髸úȵˮ
ӰûأߴɩȥȥȥǺȵˮɶɽ髸⻹̷֪˶ǣǶ밤򣿡
־Զһæһɢ
Ӱͬ߼ҴĲҲôǣʱߴɩû£ɶ£߼ӵժɽ髿ٸɽˮ
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⻰ø߼ֵܸ˵ĲС
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ɣ
˸߼ź󣬳ˣܲСһյӰССҲȣ
ӰСһСпȣ
Ŀ⿴һһСᡣ
һڻԺӣ̫ˣӰûϴͷֻϴ˸裬ϴͷϴ衣
Сһͷ̣ɵĿ죬Ӱϲͷ洫˳ˮ
Ảе˯ǰ
ӰӲͷ󣬾ú˯ˡ
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ֱӰԼ˱նˣһֱۡ
ˡ
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һʼãϱ̫ٷ
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ˣ˯ˣӰ˲СʱͷɵĲ࣬ëһԱߴǷ˯
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ӰȴͻȻߴɩ˵ĸڷӵ£ͻȻͬ첻죿ϵզ
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Ӱ׵ѹڴʱӰû˲ۼ
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86 
Ӱʱ,ֻҪ۶ˡ
ǰɿû˼ӱֻء
ǰڵĶ
ڴ,ۣƿ,ϥǶġ
֮ǰ˻йоصİ£̫,̫ᣬҪ󷭸
һӰʮֺڣֱ,
ƺ˸̼ˣʧ,һûûڴϡ
Ӱ֪ǰ˶
ӰûͬߴɩԼòĢ,æֱ,Ѿʮˣ
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ճݣǰԺŻȦȦĳܲܽ
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ʱ,ֻһһСӰæСһϸڸߴɩûҹ
Ӱ²ߴɩʮ֮˾žҹ,Ÿߴɩˡ
ܲûĻ滹һС
Ӱ
ӰȥˢͱӣСһСզ˵
ֻܲڣֲҺãҲŲ㣡
ӰСһȥԺˢչһˮ仰һˮȽˡ
Ӱˮæȿȿȡ˭˵⻰
ܲ߷ߵСϷһ𣡡
Ӱ
֮СһＸ䱧ԹӰŵ֪ߴɩȷʵˣСһȥš
ϳҲжСһ̫ۻ˯Ϊڰܾ˸ߴɩ
ⲻߴɩСԺſ˵϶ڲᣬֲ˴
ߴɩһ죬⺢ⲻô
ӰԺûߴɩˣڳܲ峺ֺĿ£Ӱ⺢ͬ˵ɶϷ
Ҵˢϴϴ󣬳緹ʱæתƻզûȥڸ߼ֵˣ
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ӰСԴҲ벻Զֵһȥѧ
֮ǰûúôȥѧ⺢ӣӰʵڲܣҲ¡
ܲ۾СȥѧһҪСԶ˵
û⣬һС̨һһֱûùء
緹̫̫ɹӰûȥβݣǰԺĲݹƽ˰˲٣ûʣ١
̳Ƕһһ鲼
̳ǵĲװϷ֯ѾָĲëߡ
Ӱһһ2m*2mľɫ޲
һߡ
ӰӽԷʽķһýŲȵģãտʼ˿С֡
һЩӰŸ
ܲСһɺˣվԱĿתС
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СӰֻ˵㣬Ϊۣ뻡Σ淽
ӰûϾʮѵõģ̳Уó
ɴ϶ſӡ
Ϊ˷ʱӰھɫһŴĺɫǣͦÿġ
ܲôÿϲˡ
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Ӱ
緹Ӱ˸Լ˸ƹϺ˷Ҷӳ򵥵ˣһһСԡ
ݳ緹ʱӰӻС¸һԡ
û뵽⺢ӻҪ緹
Ӱ
ɰɣ⺢ӲӰҲɡ
ӰһںＸֶӶϲԣ⺢ӦҲϲ
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س̫ԶƱŷⶼѡ
ɶʱȥسǣæһЩƱŷ⡣
ʵϣһγĳܲⰮˡ
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ߴɩڰֵˣӣȥȥĢȻһϺɽ϶ˣȥȥ
Ҫ֮ǰӰ϶˵ȥе㶶Ҳû˴ӰЩԥ
ΣһûߵϵͳȻͻȻߡ
£¸ժĢ񣬽Ӻˣ
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ߴɩﲻ֪»ƤѵĻǵѡ
ߴɩ»ڵҲˣЩɲóź
ߴɩ˵õģСܲܵסϡ
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Ӱɫæͷߴɩ˵ȥɽҪ϶·ܲ·
Ӱ˵ȥɽ߲·Ҫʵˡ
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󣬸ߴɩӰͿ˷ɹģü򵥰ķɹͲסˡ
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һһСţѸߴɩסˣæɶ
Ӱⲻ̫ɹһ̫ȽϺã
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Һüɩϡ濴ۣתˡ
ұߣɩӱ߸ӰûɩӺӪλ
żɩϴοʮԼȥ˳żҳʱ
˵˳żϱΪдص϶ˣ⻹㣬Ѫˡ
Ҳ˲࣬żϱջرá
ⲻɩӶӰʮкøУ˵˼仰ϴд¡
ɩӵҼϴγԹķˣζóԣóԣԸʳóԸ
ɩӵĻôҹЦӰ˵ɩ⻰զضԣɴֻЦء
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ߴɩʵھӪҵƢ̫˵㡣
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Ӱ
ߴɩ˵ӪҵǵˮӪˮȥˣˣÿӪҵǸõģҪȻӪ̫ùˣ
ũӪʵʵľ٣ɳˣҺòôһ٣ԸôŹ
Ӱ
ߴɩֵӪӪҵӦöͬ⣡

ϾҶڣߴɩ㵽ΪֹҲû˵
ӰҲעԺ߲ߵö··ߵ˵ģӰӲͷĺ۲ۡ
뱧ӣϧĸһԼе߲·ˣﱧסӡ
ӰЩûѺֻǰѺһҲľǡ
ܲСҲۣ
ɩӴɤͻȻ¼ҵģզ·е㲻԰զǲǸҳڵĲ᣿ߴɩȥ㣬ҲûѣҳǷզڵ㣡
ɩһڣˢˢ
ӰհԱ˵£ת۾˰ԼǷ˽£ϻġ
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Ҫߵö·ͼ棬ɽĢࡣ
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ӰȥĢʱ򣬻ɩӴɤŵŤˣһƾ֪϶ڵĲ߲·ˣ
ɲһŮͬ־ܵסģԺզϣ
Ӱ


87 
һ·˹ɩǵ͡
ӰܲȥĢ,ܲĢǺȤġ
ǰھûڹĢ߼ֵܴժɽ髿ɺˡ
Ӱ˼,һҵ˲ĢͺľĢͺľɻطű¨,߶Сһﲻܡ
СһһֱƤӰŷĲ١
һһС˿һĢӰЩ,˵ˣܲ˷ܵСѾЩ
ܹܲСҿʣ
Ӱæѱ¨ľɫˮóˮ
Ӻ꣬ӰҲϴһڡ
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ֱӰԴϵͳͻȻ
,ɣӺ,ʼʱ
񷢷,ӰĻŭţæɽϸҺö
Ҳ֪ҵɶö
ʱֻСһۼƼݴһֻҵĴܹܲ۴Уʶ׷,СҪˣ
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ܲ˷ܵСͨ컹СץӺҰ
Ӱ˵ɲˣץҰӻǱˡ
ԽĳɹӰǺġ
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Ӱô˵˴ɩźö˲٣Ҳǣżҵ´˵ûˡ
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ܵܣҪҪһ棡־͸ʵ
Ҫ֮ǰܲ϶ԥȥ߼Ժ棬ߴɩʱҲóܲСԺ档
ܲҡͷҲҪҼӺҰҪؼ￴ӡ
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ɶ
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ⲻҲ߼СԺˣͬܲһӰСβ͸س¼Ժ
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Ӷ÷
ӰӴнϾưˮˮ
ˮˮȹͣѴнҶ϶ȥ
ʱζ
Ӱڳݴȥ
ԭڳæֻȥ
һߣﱬζӰˮ⣬Ľ㡣
һŷ΢ƼӶ꽴Ȼζ͵ϡ
ϾƼ㡣
Ͼع߽ȥǽһ㡣
ĳŵϱĶЩס˵ܲ͸߼ֵӡ
ܲջԷֵҫأת۸Ľĸ߼ֵܺͳܲ׷׹˲æܵſڰǽ̿ˮ
ܲվڳſվ·ˣȥסӰСȣŰ۵İСҶС
ӰСһСϾͺãٵһᣡ
̫СҶʢһ벻̫ģûŶġ
ʣȫˡ
˺ϲⲻզóԣ
Ӱ¹ͱ˺ӣóܲſվŲȡ
˴ȥ
˵ʮƮһ㲻Ϊ߼ֵվſĶ߲·ˡ
ⲻڸŵζ
ջĸŶסˣĿʿˮæǰЩҾ;㣬ζҵ죬ζ̫ˣզôſ̫иˣ
ĽŵĸȢϱƯջôã
Ҳ֪űȵķզ
ߴɩ˵ӹڳ⣬⣬Ҳѹζ
ϣζûζˡ
Ǿϡ
ߴɩûԼӻڳ¼ңæԼȥѺӴ
ٳһ㣬ӵĴ󷽾϶ӳԷ
У
ڷңվɴʳô򷹲˻ķŵζɫˣɫѿ
ֻǽζ̫ԵѷӶЩסϴαӰԸڵĲˣҲ¶
ȻȴĿƵƵ¼СԺķĽ
İѿһϣ԰ɶǽֻӣʲô˲ģ±˲֪أ
뵽ӰϺɽǼҰǼҰؿڱһ
ֱ첻ۣզӰҰúҰ
ۼԽŨһڷԲ£ò˹ˣ
ȻʱֹûԷԣ
ǰȻ˵ܣ˵ػûУԴӸӰŮˣ˶ԽԽˡ
ûйˣǨŭӰ
Ҫøꡢ԰Լѧȥզô
ԽԽӰˣھˡ
ڲҷȻĻҲȥɽ϶ҲܼҰҰá
ûӰĵ񲻵
Ӱɲ֪˼
һѾˣһ裬װӣͬʦϵһʦңһ͸ڸߴɩҡ
ղ߼Ҽӳ⣬ֱӰ˸ˡ
֮ǰ߼ֵһͷԶ۴ޡ
ͬߴɩĺãҲһ⡣
ܲԼɶˣҲͲˡ
ȰһӶ˳ݣϱȳԣһ͸ڸ߼ңһȥʦ
յ߼ҺܼҶʮ־ϲ
ߴɩӶûӰǼҡ
ߴɩǾϾ⣬ѵˣ뵽ַôһ
û뵽Ȣϱô£պǰʱϴ˵ϱرóԣһɵúúóϱա


88 
߼ϳԷ,һǽ˸ź͸߼ֵܵĲ
СĸԶ㲻۴ˡ
ⲻź͸߼ֵݳʱ˵ạ̃⡣
ճһڣžͫ,۾ޡ
űֱҪ̫θڡ
ǳ̫̫ó,ûһȡɧζʵζԵ,ζڿը
һ㲻ϲ񣬸ζҪմӵһ֭ԣóԵܰ˵ͷˡ
Ͼ˶,һû٣ű㳢һ,ѵãⶼＸӳԵġ
һ,ŷԼѹͣ¿,ԽԽ񫡣
˲˵̻һں׷һ⣬ԵĶͷðһ˾Ȼͬԡ
߼ֵܼٶǸܱȵģۼԼҵԵķɿ,۴,߳ߴɩ״
߼ֵʮǵȻֵԡ
־ֵһЩٶҲͦ,Զۼһȥһ룬۴Уҵ⣡ҵ⣡
ǸߴɩæԼ϶⣬Ͻԣ
ߴɩ˽,ɶóԵĶϲԼҼӣڸԣ⻹ͷһ⡣
ߴɩղһֱû⣬ӺԼ˳ԣԼôԣߴɩҲһⳢζ
һζߴɩҲˡ
ζҲ̫ˣ
ߴɩũˣܶǰǳԹһҰġ
ζһûĺóԣйȡɧζȻ⣬ߴɩǶϲҰζ
ߴɩӵĳճ׷ˣզܰȡɧζҰζһζûУ
ų˸ֱĶ
ʶԼոԼҼԣڵͨ죬ֻǸƤڣĲԡ
ɿȵʣСⶼֵܳԣ
ԣ־ţ
϶ˣҲ𾪡
ű˵ĹҲסһ¸־ֵţզӳԼ
ۼԼϱҲŲ˼ⲻǵó̫ô
Եʵھޡ
ᶼԼɶʱҲȥɽһˣܲץֻҰã
ֻǵ뵽Լϱǳգãˣ
Ľˡ
Ľ˵ͬűȽϵķš
ɶӰ
ռֱҪ̫ã
ϱⲻҲˣԶͣˡ
߼֣ܼǱҲ֣һԡ
ܼһ˳һжʾóԣһԿӶˡ
˵ʤ˳Եͣ졣
ʦǰҲǳԹöģɽ⣬Եθڴ󿪣ԽԽ񫣬ѹͣ¿ӣ
֮ǰϴްϱĳգʱֻΪϴӶ࣬Ƚζ澪ˣ֪Լϴûһţϱտ˲ã
⵽״ģզôóԣҵ죡ҾûԹôóԵ⣡ʣۼһȥ˴룬æָ̻ʰǷ
ʤʦ߳ҲҲϱ
˵ǰϱ⣬ʤȻ
ʦ˾ǾȰţϱĺóա
ҪҪôã
ʦЦ۹治Ȣϱ治治
ʦ޼⣬ɼ⣬⣬Ⱒϱ´
ϴαͶ԰ϱӡ󲻴԰ϱӡˣȢϱ治⴦´Сֳ˾ͳĸʮ⡣
ⲻᵽϱ£ִԼϴ
ʤһֱԳȢôóƯϱҪ̫Ľ
᳢ĺζĽˣҲ˼æӵҪҸϱպƯģҿ϶Ը⣬ҪָҸλŮͬ־ǻˣƲˣ
¼ԺӰԼ˴ľϳ
߼Һܼҵһ⣬¼һһ보ײˣһǲզ⡣
Ӱںǰݡ
ܲɰˣƯСԵĶͷðСÿһھ;̾ҪӰһ䣺Сúóԣ
Ӱһ߳ԣһ߲Ӳ⺢ӱֿ̫ɰĳ⺢ϲ⣬ڵϲԾͶԵ㣡
࣬һѹҲⲻ
ζζʵںãӷ
Ѿ˵뷹ˣٶɷɿ죬ԼϱУӰԸ˳ԣù
࣬һڳԵ
ҲõϱԣͷԣԵĶͷǴ󺹡
Ӱһķܲ뷹ʣеķ˰Բˡ
Ӱղһ£˾Ȼ˿뷹θڣӰˡ
̫óԣһⶼԵľ⣬ֻʣ
Եĸ㡣
汻ϱ⾪ˣճһڵʱζڿըζˡ
֪ϱզó
ȥϴ֮ǰǳһ⣬Ӱ⡣
ܲҲͣСúóԣ컹óԣ
ⲻصظܲʢһҲһ˳Եľ⡣
Ӱ֮ǰΪ⺢θС϶Բ꣡
Ա㣬һڳԵĸⱥ
Ӱȥϴͷϴ裬ϴĳǰԺԳʳܲ˱ϡ
Գź
ӰϴͷϴҲϱϡ
ܲСˣݼݼݣ
СӰһ±ϳСӣֵ㣬ֳϱ
ӰһʼԼͺؼ᲻̫ء
ȥ˻治ɫһٶԳţûզҲû
ðɣɩã塣
ӰҲЩԼˡ
ȫӲļ⣬ﶼӲϿĵˡ
Ӱ˳˰ֱۣҲӲġ
տʼԳţۿϱСﰴһԽԽ
ܲԼСûиС忴ء
æµȥС
ϱ
ӰΪˣæȥ۲ۡ
˺Ӳڣûջϱסϸ˱ǽϣ
ְԺͷɷ˵סĴ׵׺ݡ⧲
ǵӰû˺ӸսԣĲУæƿˣ˸ɽѹƲ
Ƶĵƹ£Ӳ͸ǿƵȫмܲס
ܿ˼ҵб׵ȷ̱˻
ԻʱʱܲСһСҵСأģ
ۿСһҪӰæƿˣƿغӻƿûУ
껰Ϣ΢ټͷס
ֱӽŲ˲ŷſˡ
Ӱ类׵ֻץ˵ֱۿϴ
ڶûһʮֹֻϰµ˸ղںӻŵʱ򣬾ȻǰԺ
ܲСʮֺС壬СʲôϷҲҪ棡
Ӱⲻ⺢Ǿ䡮ڡĻûˡ
üĿ治ɫûϷС̫ۣҷһ
˱̫˵ܲˣͷŶҲС
˵űԼСȥˣ˵濪
ӰûˣСͨ˼ϣģڳ۵ױɰˣ۵ȫЦߵ濪ӡ
Ӱ˵Ϲı£Ȼ˵Ϲ
ڽ֮ǰѹ֪˾Ȼһ档
ܲ濪ܲҲС˵ֳӰСҲˣ
ɰӰжĲУѽû⺢ӣôСһﻰһתۼҳҰòã
Ӱ
ӰƽȺæſˡ
ܲСֻСǰԺȥһС壬ССÿÿ
أϱɶÿ
ܲΪС仰ǿСϸˡ
Сǰ߻εͷΣʱʱҪһ䣺С壬òÿ
һʼͦСӵÿС̫ûûˡ
һʮĵĳЩˣӰԱ͵ЦȴʮָСһÿÿ
ǣСԶĽҵˣأ磬һֱÿܲɵˣСһ㲻۴ǰԺſſߡ
޿̣ץСȥϴͷϴˡ
ϱϴˣ˲ϱմ֣һһСںԺ衣
Ӱ溢Ӱûԡ
ûʱܲӰҪľĳ
Ӱú÷š
ϴûõĳִܲľ¹óСſߣһֱ˯
մŵĳ뱧ϱ£ۼСһֱ˯ҫСҲˡ
ʱˣ˯ˣ˯СԶѡ
ںﻹǺɫһҪСˣܲ҇NɪϽԹ԰С¹ֳӰСҵҿţŲҪСˣ
Ӱ֪⺢Ӷ౦Сˣԥͬͷãͣ
ϴܲԹӰǰСͷ
СӴ̫ã߲ͷĽ
һһСͷ̣ûʮӶˣӰͷɵæ˿СʱŸɡ
Ӱſϣ˯
ϱͷʸɣմ㱧ȥڣͶһ˫ںڵѴ۾۾๾תĿɾˡ

ô˯˳ʡ
С壬ǲҪСȥڷˣܲʡ
⻰˾һ£ܿ⻰˭˵ģ
СԶ˵СһֱڣСܲ˵ֵҺСȥɽ߲·СҲ߲·иҲ˵СǱڵģСɶϷҲҪ棡
ʶԼһ˯ϱȷ˯˲˿
ϱ污СӺ˵˵һԺզ죡
ʵС߲·
ܲͷ
᲻֪϶̫ˡ
ֻѹû£ⲻ̼̫ʧˣ
ɣ֪ˣϽ˯ҺС˯־Сϱ𶯲ҡڡ֣Ҳѧɩ˵
ܲҷС壬ССͬһŴ˯ܲɸˡ
˯֮ǰС壬ҪСϷ˺ң

ܲСôڣڵ˼ˡ
Ⱥӱ˯ƿ㱻ӣӰ˯ȹͨЩϥóʮΡ
ֿϥɢѪĿϱСϸᡣ
ɢѪű˯£


89 
˯һþ,Ӱ羫档
ʱ򣬻ﺢҲˡ
Բ۾ƣС,ҿϲˣ
ϷǣӰЩмܲס,˯˯
˯,Ӱɴ𴲡
һһСԣľϼиŰͷϡ
ӳĳˣϴ緹
Ӱȥϴ,ݵʱզôȥʳͷӡ
緹,ӰֵɣǰһӸС
Լһͷ,ϡԡ
ܲȿ˰û,ӰСⲻóԣûۼҵĺóԣ
ǴӣСҲ̫ˡ
ܲһû꣬һϡͲ,СҴܡ
Ӱ⺢զˡ
ͼ⺢ӱ,ֻСӸǰһ飬߱ʣС,Сòÿ
Сòÿ
Ӱ

ûע⺢ӱһ,˫ĲбİɫƤһŴǣ˵Сͦÿġ
Ҳر𣬳һֿۣԼϱһۡ
ûõӰشĳܲСһһֱʣӰĻæһ䡮ÿ
ܲС壬۾С䡣
˺һϡ³ÿֺ
ܲСһܣܱСȥСԶ棡
ãһȥҫСȥˡ
˯ˣûͬẢѧ£һ졣
ͦͬģкܵ飬һֱϱҲ¡
ڸ߼ֵھ飬Ժȥѧͬڸ߼ֵҲа顣
¿ԣ
ѧôİˡ
ӰȥѧУơ
ϥǻ۲ۣͻȻʵ
Ӱѹûɶ˼˵ϥһֱۣž˵Ҫϣ
Ӱ
緹ˣϴųߡ
ӰһѱȽϰſڣԺı¨ù
Ģľ㹽ȫڵϣɾĢɹԺ
ɨɨɾأȥڽӺӡ
ʱ㣬߼ֵܲѾѧˡ
ӰСԺŴ
ӰȥСԺţߴɩ컹ȥȥɽĢ
Ӱȥˣܾ˸ߴɩ
ߴɩ̾˿ӣ㲻֪ȥɽ϶ˣʮ֮˾ֻҰúҰҲⲻȶȥɽˣ˶࣬ɵĢǱˣ
Ӱ
˵һδ
˯ʱϸ߻˵ⱲӾûԹôóԵ⡣
ⲻߴɩҲȥ
˸ߴɩҲȥҰҰõӰ
ӣҽˣҪǽܼҰζҲһ룡
ߴɩ˼ͻȻͣˣӣҺӸҼһȥѧУˡÿɰҼСӲˣ
ߴɩҴ˵˼䣬żҰҰãҲûͬӰ߶˵˼ˡ
ӰֻŸߴɩű¨ȥɽĢҰҰˡ
֪ôȥҰҰãӦ˵ץģҰҰܼ
ҪϵͳָⱲӶҰúҰˡ
ӰΣ
ԼҺӾȻ߼ֱֵȥСѧˣӰסˣæѼùغȥˡ
һڡ⡯֪ܲȥ˾æȥ
¼ֶɱġ
ڱٺŰŴȥ߽󣬹Ҳá
ŵְҵעûÿӣ˱߽һλѻ긾Ůæˡ
ŮһʼųŵǮԺӲɺżһ鹷ӡ
Ů˱żҲԳŵֶԽԽ
ѳŸǮĺöȫԼҺӳԣ֮ۼžһ뿪һ¡
Ů˵ԽԽ󣬿ʼŰֶӡ
ºżº֪ܿŮ˶Ժӵ˺Ҳˡ
Ųı˴ӣѺȥѧУޡ
ܲΪ໹ǱѧУųʦϲ
ЩܲɱʮֿŵĴԡ
λŵֶӾ˵̺ܸߣͯӸң
ʮŮҲʹԼĳࡣ
ųڵϱҲӰŮ˻һ鹷Ӻá
Ҫ֪δΪ׳Ҳѹֺһ鹷ӡ
⼸ȥǽţֻ뵽磬
ֻܴӺ֡
ԺŮŰ˳ܲ³Ųͬ飬֮ǰðѳܲ⹷ӵ£ס
ѧУѧУѧܲ⹷Ȱ˵£ס
ŸԶϵĳܲڸԶλãһҵĳܲʮֺ棬ԲĴ۾ֽţ۵СȴƫƫάָСģ
һʼԶܲҵʱҵѧƼܲԸǲһĳ඼һ¡
ںӶ죬мתĺӵȻ֪
ܲȫǸ鹷ӣҪġ
ⲻӸǹӡ
ƼϱСϺÿˣǱȫһ
бܲ˫米ģһŴǡ
ܲ˫СڸԶ༶䶯ˡ
ǻûôƯɰ
Զһ꼶ͬѧͶҲûгô⡣
ⲻջЩܲĲѧУת̬ȣյǰ˵
Զ˵ǽгܲô
ܲզҲһ
ܲܲһ
ܲզпô
ΪһСܻܲӭԶڰ˲٣ܲᣬ˾ʸԶ
ʵϣһôͬ˸кܲɽˣûҲûӣСһЦݣɸˣ߰ժ·ϣСˣССģ
ۣСҲҪһСĽܲܲһ
һ£һ㣬
ˣҲҪ׷ֺʳܲ
ôϲСܲɵˣҲСһһ
ӰСѧҵԼҺӵʱ򣬾ͼ⺢ӱຢӰΧϸߡ
һûϿΣʦҲûһȺߴߴ
ӰԼҺûų⣬ˡ
վվϾãҲõȴຢͬܲ˵ûйһš
аƣԽƳܲԽߣͬ˵кĺӾûٹ
Ӻ޲õɳ
ڶЩôεǲġ
λʵиһģһ󲿷ֶԲϡ
ӰҪȥ˳ƼҲһԣ˳ߣһ۲գҺӡ
Ӱۣ۵͸ż̽һͬ־զ


90 
¶Цݵһ,ߣպߵеƣ
Ӱϵͷ,ȴܾŮͬ־Щ֣ղû,λŮͬ־һֱҺơ
ϴζԷͶҺӹ飬ζԷһֱעҺӡ
Ѳ뿿ӽӽǽţ
ӰǲŶԷеĻϵС,ǽţЩ벻ͨ
ͬ־˵ͬųսû죬զʶģ
ʶģӰܵ
ҭһ¡
֪ǰŮ˵ðġ
,ȥƽغͬףѹûӰŮˡ
ʵܶԲ,ʶһġ
͸¶ϢҲǶԵģСھܵļö󡯸һģһ
ȥƺŮͬŴ϶,¼ܴı,ٺŰӵع⣬ͬٺó¼ǣ
۵͸ʮֵ̽
һ˲ɶԷǲǸһͬԤԵΣ֪δ¡
ָʼڷ֮һǰŮ˻ͬһֺ˵
ͬ־,˵޸ŵʱ,Żиֶӡû뵽ôԸһƿ̾һҪ㣬ԼϽ,죿
Ӱɫ䣬̽ͬ־ϴβ˵ϲӣ
ϲ,Լĸһÿ¹ʿ϶ǺϲٰɣȷʵǹĶԳܲĲɫƽ۵Щʧ
ˣͬ־ǲֵ֪رֶⳤҪģҲͬ־ԵŸ˵Ǻۡͬ־Ȱ㲻ǣϽѺߡ⺢˵ǰ̣
Ѿ̽ǰŮ˾Ǹũģܶһɵ۽ޡ
֪⼸ԽԽң׸ӸŮ֮ǣٱǳе¡
ܰ˵أŮ˿϶ƵǰŮ˶ԳܲԽԽ
ֻҪŰܲſ϶ͬ飬ˣ˾ͳĸŹ
ʮŶŰֶӵ˶ĺٺûк³߽Űܲ긾ŮҲûɶ³
ҲԼ˵̫ʵ䷴¶Ŀģ˵˼䣬˽ڴҴˡ
ֻ֮ǰصزһͬ־ҪҵĻȥһľƣֶӲߣԺҿ϶Ҫùģ
ӰԶıӰۡ
ͬԻӰ׶Էʲô⡣
ò˵Ůͬ־Ļһ㲻Ȱ÷ѩǳΪĿģһϣԳܲĲ
Ҫͨũûɶ۽磬˵λŮͬ־ƣԺҺӻкӹ
ӰԼֿɰĺӣŮŭ޼
ңλŮͬ־ʮ׼ȷȥľƣ
ڵľӰʮһ㺣ϵĶɻӡ
Һ֮û£г¼ҵĹϵҲǱľˣְ˴ܷ߱ͷԲû¡
Ů˾׼ڵľƣҲ׼һũûɶ۽磬϶Һӡ
ҪܡŰӣ͸Ըˡ
Ӱ۵һƬ⡣
ֱʦϿΡ
ϿεʦǸˣҲϴȥɽĢӪҵģﴺ
ﴺ֮ǰӰסˣʦȵȣ
ﴺȵżҵģ
Ӱ˵һԼҺӵ״ʾпλãѧУϼΣҪӦʹѧУҪǲӦһЩѧ
ﴺϴȻۺӰץҰҰ˵˼Ự˻ǲģͬ
ۼԼҺѧУͬӴĲӰҲȻȥˡ
磬Ӱǰò˵ԼҺӻ
ھӶڣӰʮһ⡣
Ҽʱʱòˣ̫ۺʺޡ
Ӱϵĺò˳ûɶ˵ʱҪȻ˶ʱòˣ˵ڷ
޸߼ҼӣӾˣߴɩҲе
Ӱ⣬ְһĲˣӼһҰ
ڵһⲦһ̣һǲ⣬ӰҲһ̣ڹš
ų
ֱʱ䣬ʱ仹磬Ӱɴȥ·
·٣ȻøԼ·
ȴð壬ǼУȥһˣռմ̳Ƕһ޲Ҳóˡ
Ӱ嵽һ룬ܲϤСһ
Ӱ֣ͣңСһﱳСƿСԺܽ
Ư۵Сһ˷ܡ
־վſڣ˹òһ̣
緹־ڳ¼Ҷˣ־˳緹ˡ
Ӱл˸־
ǣȥϴ֣˲˳緹
ܲСǲԸ£Ҫų緹Ӱ
ãأԼ
֪ܲСòˣƼϲм嵰һ⣬ܲɸˡ
ʱ򣬸Զһֱ˵Сɺóˣܲ⡣
ӰԼͺӷֱʢ˷һˮһһСͷһһ׷ԵĿɻˡ
ӰԷʱ򣬲ʺȥѧУզò棿벻ȥѧ
ܲæͷ۾СѧУϺˣ϶ˡ
ⲻֽܲűȻ˵ϲСһС뱳
컹һѡ
ӰοСһһ⣬СһԵС΢죬ˮ
ܲˮ˹ˮˮͷ⡣
绹ҪҪȥѧУӰʡ
ܲæͷ˵˸ԶǶǴȥġ
Ӱ˵־϶ص⺢ӻɣСҲУ
һһС緹ʳһᣬӰȥݡ
һʮֵʱ򣬸־ˣӰԼҺ˺üŴǣҲ־˼š
߶ܲĴǿԸͬѧ
֪ˣСܲԹԵͷ
־Щ˼Ҳǰǵͣ˼Ǹ˵ͨ졣
ӰӵСԺſڡ
ڸߴɩӺɽĢˡ
ߴɩȥӰ֪ߴɩȻץһֻҰ˴뱳¨Ģ
Ҳߴɩˡ
ⲻߴɩӰզҰóԵʱ򣬸ˡ
߸ӰԺɽ¡
ӣǲ֪ɽ϶ϣĢ治òɣÿȥ˸ԶĵطŲɵЩĢץһֻҰ
Ӱڸ߼СԺӿֻȵҰû֮ǰķʣݰͰ͵ģߴɩ˵һֻȻȳˣⲻץ
ӰǾøߴɩͦġ
ߴɩԽֻҰԽˣȻûӼֻʣҲ
ôȥɽֻһץֻҰۺˡ
ⲻߴɩȵ£ӣǲ֪ץֻҰڷżλۺ죿Ҳȥ˺ɽҰëûץĢҲûɣֻһ˺ɽˣ
ߴɩʮֿ۸ֵͣȥɽΪ˼ҰҰá
ҰҰôüġ
ȻҲżһֻҰҰãҲű¨ȥĢҪҰҰûţĢҲܱȰһ˿ֻá
ߴɩԽ÷۹ʵǲզ
ԸȵӰֻԣۣϾ˳˵
СûɶԹ
ߴɩզҰζæڵӣҰҲզһɵָһң
ӰɩӣһҰˣһҹզҰˣҰզ
ߴɩҲ뵽Լ˺ͺӿϲɶ⣬ⲻߴɩҰҲܲ
Ӱͷʾԡ
ǳɣˣҼϸߺӿɰҰˡ˵رζߴɩ
Ӱ˵ߴɩһҲǸ
ߴɩҰʱӰؼ׷Ⱥ⣬ĺһƹϣûզһ⣬ȫҶУײҲûզԡ
Խϣһ⣬ӰֻһĻƹϡ
Ͼͳˡ
׷ˡ
ƹϣӰڸߴɩ׼ϡ
꽴Ҷ齷ԼζʺͺͰȣһϾƣ
н͵ģӰ·ţڶ꽴Ӱ˵ϼҴġ
ߴɩӦöС
׼ϵʱӰŰθɾݵǰԺ׼˰пշأֵˡ
ûɹũҲզֲˣ̸ֻߴɩˡ
ӰͦԼڸ߼ҹϵĲҪȻֲĶ˽̣
Ը̣ҾеԶ˼Ҳûôʱʱֲˡ
ûãߴɩ
Ӱȥ
ȥʱ򣬸߼ֵܺҺӷѧˡ
߼ֵ֪ץһֻҰɸˡ
̹æֻҰͰⱬҰ
ɰѸ߼ֵܸ˵ǰԺ˺üȦû侲
Ӱ߼ǰԺʱ򣬸ԶҺӵϴҼҳԷɣҼҰ
־͸ֵҲȰܲǼҳԷ
֮ǰǳ˳ܲҺöóԵģֵܶǵء
ܲҲܾҼҲԣСϺϺóˣҰóԺöö౶
ܲ䣬ССһæ˹ȥ
ѧУȻ棬һûСء
ӰϾƵζϣʱû⺢ӣ߼ֵ档
̣߼ֵͬ
Ӱø߼ֵܰӣȥæ
߼ֵﲻ֪Ҫﳴ⣬æܲȥ档
ӰߴɩѾҰɿˣһֻҰɿˡ
ҰζֻӰҰˣԡ
ֻҰҲСҲȣŶˣҲ׻ɴȫˡ
Ӱʱ򣬸ߴɩѾѴнȫĺãҲ϶̨࣬ԡ
ſڶߴɩæкӰ
ﻹŶ֪ϾС͡Ҷ꽴ɶϵζϣߴɩˡ
˺óԣһ˾Ȼôζϣ
ƽʱŵͷŵβˣɶҲû򣬵ÿӴζϹ
ߴɩʮֲ˼
ζҲûǮ򣬸ߴɩһӶʢһ㼦⣬ɲܾռˡ
Ұˮףϰ߳ĸߴɩʮ䡣
ߴɩڲ֪Ұζ֮ǰ÷ŽһˮȥҰζζ
Ȼȹ͡
ߴɩƽһֻ÷һСͣҰ۷֪ͣӻò
ߴɩַһףǷС͡
ӰȻԾ̫٣Ͳճ⼦⻹üһᡣ
ߴɩ۵ֱؿڵģӰҲͲ˵͵ˡ
ÿÿҵ
ӰҲǿƸߴɩ͡
ӰùͻξȣߴɩŴнҶ齷ȥȹﱬζ¼⡣
Ҫüⱻͼĳζٷ
Ұⷭ΢Ƶʱ¶꽴һٷζϡ
ʱ¸һٲϹ
ȫרעĸߴɩ˵Ⱳһˡ
ϣ
ʵ̫ˡ
ĸߴɩ̲ס̿ˮ
ζƮǰԺǰԺĻĸ߼ֵܶڳſڣһԼ⡣
СĸԶѾĿָˣ۴еԼ⣡
ѵջĸԶ̤ŻΪǸڳ¼ҲζĽš
߽ݷζǴԼҳƮġ
ɾס˸š
ſʮϱһ㡣
æſߡ
ⲻȴӼӿе֪ԼϱץһֻҰָզҰ
׽զôˡ
һ뵽ԣǽһˡ
ָߴɩҰҲվſڡ
Żˣʮ֮˾Ҳˡ
ӰҲˡ
ߴɩæһװ϶༦˹ȥԡ
ҰóԣӰҪ߼ҵҰ⣬ߴɩӲҪӰҲͽˣøߴɩøСװһЩͳɡ
ôӡ
ߴɩץҰզ󣬸߼ҺӶ࣬ԼһȥһҰҲԲôࡣ
Ӱ˵˵ߴɩСװҲװһС롣
Ӱ˼ԼСԺӡ
Ӱ˺󣬸æϱҳҰζ
һҰҰһóԣζ
һ߼ֵȫզˣ׷Ҫԣߴɩÿӳһ顣
ԼҲһ飬ζ治
ߴɩ߿м߳Լ˵ϸߣҽ֪զĲΪɶôóԣǲ֪һ˷ŶϣҵϣɶֵζϡַҲ߯ˣҲóŹʸߣ˿ڼ򵥣ҪզԵҹòˣÿ¹ʶûʣǮզɣУҿɵӵöʡǮǮԺ˺ӸȢϱҲҪǮ
ʵ˹Ҳͦߣ˸һϼңҲе
һֱһôʡԼСӣԺСȢϱûǮ
ҪǮСԺզȢϱ
ɣпѣ˺óԣַ󣬸ҲԺӲǮ˺զ죿


91 
֪ѾڲԺȢϱµӰһҰճ߼Ժ,ȣһԺӡ
ӰôԷ¼Ժӡ
Ƚݺ,͸Ȼ߶߼Ʋ˭أƾɶ۷ֻ¼,ҪţƲۼң
Ȼѹһͷ,ʱȵĻʶΪȲϳ
Ȼһˣ㹻ûұȲϳũϱȲϣ
һԼ˵ȲӰŮ,ҲˣҲû,ԽԽ
ڳҰĸڳʶ
ΪھżһδȥȰܻ,Ȱȥˡ
ߴɩҲ˷ˮ
ȢϱҪ,ƳȢ˸ܸƯϱӶã
ƷżңȢ˸ϱ쳳Ҳû˭ˣ
ȸڳֵķң¼һƬڡ
һݳҰ⡣
ҲǸյ֪ߴɩץһֻҰ,ϱȢȥæָһҰζ
һҰ⡣
Ұ,óԡ
ܲҲϲ⣬Ӱ˼Ұζǲġ
˵,ме㽹⣬ζʮֲ
ͽ硢ֳ⣬ӰʵԵеζ,Ļƹϻͦģֽ壬Ϻóˡ
Ӱеζͳֶܲɿϲ⣬һԲζԵͷ󺹣ͷԡ
ԼԣϱֻԻƹټ⣬ҲԲԣ˺ü
ҰʮѵãΣ֪´ɶʱء
Ӱˣһ뷹ͱˡ
ʢӰԲˣ
ܲСŹĹĵ׷⣬ɺóˣСզԣ
óܲ׷˵ϰߡ
ܲæķ¶ӣӰСһСϲԣһ㣡СԱˣԲˣ
ܲͷȴÿӼһιߣСϺóϺóˣ
Ӱܾ⺢ӵĺ⣬һ飬Ըԣֳ°ͿһһСԷ
ܲι˻ҪιӰԲˣԸԡ
㲻ι⣬Ӱһιһڷ
Ӱ
ٳһЩǿƣûء
һһСͶιУӰֳ˼ڷæȥϴͷϴ衣
ܲһȥѧУûСⲻӰ
ӰȥԺϴ裬ܲСһﻹҪСţŸ˵
С컰Ҫ̫ࡣ
ʰꡣ
ʱ仹磬һСԺ
ǰϴСһӰܲʱʱӰһϣǲˣߵСͿ϶ˣţ
Ӱʮ⺢ӵĳͷСһţˣ
ܲ⿴ԼС壬С㱧˯ҪС˯
ӰЦǳɣС˯
Ⱥӱ˯󣬳ϱﱧ˻˯
Сӱϱ˯ǲܵġ
ӰӸǺñҲҪϴȱ˱ڣ˳ߵϣţ
һˮȵҹ˵˿һϡ
ũ¶ʮɼС
Ӱ緹ﳵȥУ緹ߡ
ӰճСһݷУڸ߼ֵȥСѧΡ
֪ӰҪȥеĳܲЩȥˣȥѧУ˼첻棬ûиСһ档
ܲҲȥУСְ½ǲţСҲȥѧУȥС
⺢ץţҲﳵ
⺢ӵʱȥѧӰҲ˰;ϣСԴԣСȥеʱóԵģ
䣬СԺ⴫ԶϴûҪȥѧУˣٲȥˣ
ӰССԶصغˣȥ´μҪĩСﳵȥУ
Ӱ˵˵⺢ɿڡ
ӰԼҺӺ͸Զͬ־ֵһߺﳵȥС
ϴθߴɩ߹·Ӱ֪·զߡ
ﳵ·ɿˣСʱӰ˼С
ȥӣײˡܲӡǡϹϡȸӸһű¨
ﻹҰ⣬Ӱû⣬˵
ȥС翴޲
޲ɫ֣Ӱûʸߴɩﶬ˵¶¶轵ԺҲԽԽ䣬ʱ¶ܽ¼ȡ
¶͹Щӵ£Ӱû޲ȴ˼ëߣʱһڴ򼸼ëë㡣
ڵëë߶ʮְ̳ûУֻˣ˺ʮǮƱ
ʱëǲ
Ӱѡ˻ɫɫװɫɫ
ëߣӰ޻һŽޱǣϧ޻ⶫûŪ
ɼ̯Ӱֻд˵㣬ȥ֮ǰӰɼ̯һһë۸Ӱ˵ʵ̫ˡ
Ӱһ6شϻȥ
УӰûߴɩȥʱ·ϸߴɩһ·ﳵȥ
гߴɩʮָˡ
û뵽ŻгĽˡ
ߴɩҲǽ֪ӾȻг
ߴɩ˵ɶͼгһ̹Ƥϡ
ϣ
զⶫ
ߴɩȥС
ʱҲϣȥһ£һҪһǮĲˡ
ߴɩæһ䣺ӣզϣ
֪ﺢӳԵģߴɩֱࡣ
ﶼδôø׶ӻǮϳԣοֶӡ
ЩӣӶǺжãߴɩʮ
ﲻٴθпһӹ
ˣֶӳԱѾˣϣ
ﳵصӰ֪θĻߴɩû򵽣Ӱ˵ֻˡ
Ѹߴɩ͵߼СԺſڡ
ߴɩûӶʡ¡
ⲻ³Ϲ߶˼䣬ߴϽӣߵӣǮɵʡŵ㻨㻳ԺӶҪǮرԺӴˣøȢϱǮĲš
սûͱӵӰ
Ӱ˵ûôӣѾиӣһɴ
ң˺ӣӴˣϱԼ
ͬߴɩ߶˼䣬ӰгԺǰʲôˣɩӣҽ˲ٲӣǰԺֵأֵˣҲֲˣɩɶʱпܲܽզֲˣ
ߴɩӲֲ˾ˡ
Ӳũô
Ӱ֪ߴɩ룬ɬЦЦɩӣϴβ˵Ҽĸôңɹڣ᲻µأ
ߴɩ֪ӼһӹеģɼжŮû뵽Ӹĸ赽ز
ߴɩ࣬˵ô뱲ӣûŮȳСӻġ
Ƥ۵ıȳﻹ׵ģ˵治Ӹ¹ȡ
ɣʱֲ˵ʱǰһ˵һߴɩ
鷳ɩˣӰл
Ժʱȡ
ۼӰŮ˾ȻһгӶҪɳˡ
սʱҲû÷Ȼһг
гҪƱȻãⲻȼӰгСԺۺˡ
ѹһͷˬ죬ڴӰѹһͷɫѿ
Ӱûȣѱ¨ĶŽԺƽСֿ⡣
ȣӰϴɾӾ򣬰иóԡ
ų
һѱȽϰӷſڣһëߣϥǣ־ëߡ
һ˾ëЬþë߼βᣬӰò׾һͲˡ
Լ˺ͺӻæ
ëЬӰһЩȥѧУӡ
СѧСԺӼ״һשӣſѧžСѧ֡
ӰȥڽſھƼλŮͬ־Һǳԡ
Ӱ˵λŮͬ־Һھû¸ɣ


92 
Զ,ǰԹŵģϺóˣϴһֱ,Զˣϴ治ҪǣǸҳԳɲɣ
ܲһĸԶ,ģûô,ԻŮ˵ǣҲҪԼԣ
ܲ˵ܡ
סմӿ㶵óһѴǣԶ,ϴ󲻳ǣܸܲҳԣ
ǿСԵ,Լ᲻óԣñӡ
˺öڿ㶵£ӵ,뵽ܲ⹷ôֺá
ɫʮѿ,ܾ
Ӱǰͬ־ԭôϲӣ
æͷƼӰŮСѧߣҲ֪ղûƼܲڡ
ɫЩӲæһ˿Ц,ֻܰһѴǸԶ,߻صȷʵͦϲӵģ
СԶȥͬѧ,˵رϲӣǳԣӰ
Զһǣɸ,ſȥߺ
ˡ
ⲻǳԣס׷ܳΧסǳԡ
ôǸЩӣ˵治ˣĴֱʡ
ͬһȺ˵Լûˡ
ƫƫԶһǱͬԼͬѧ˵λ̸϶ǳԵģɺóˣ
ۼԶǳԣΧɢ
űΧסɫŵӰˣȥ￴ԼҺӡ
Сܲ۾Բ˵ԼСˣСҪ̫
Ӱסˡ
ܲæ״СǸŮ˿ˣǸǣҲŲǡ
ûûĸԶӰԼҺи䱸ͦõģҪȻ챻˶֪
Զʱܽһ̡С۴ӶǣһŸܲһŸӰǵ̣ϴǿϺóˣҲԣ
ӰԶ⺢ӵССɶʱÿǾͰ˸ƭˣ߻أҲԣԸԣ
ܲһӸԶǡ
Զ̺ԼϴզôóһŽһŰ
ӰæԶһӳ̫ǣֶԺ
ҪǺƭȥƫƧĵطǧܸȥ
⺢̫ƭӰԷһǰߴɩһ
ԶƶǶ
ӰѧУ˺һᣬͻȥˡ
ȥʱΧҪǳԵĺ޼Ӱ鲻
ԺóԵĸӳԣ⺢ӺóԵĳԶˣҲױøǾͱƭߡ
СԺӰȥֿ˸ͷȥǰԺأһηأզᷭС˰Сʱ۵ĲУզĻ
Ůͬ־ǽŵļֱҪ̫ԣĶŰӣôųڣ͵Ժͬì飬ȡ֮
ļֱҪ̫ã
֮ǰôԷϾͬǾ飬ֻҪ˹ԼӣλŮͬ־ⱲӶȡλ
죬Ůͬ־ƵƵҺϣӰûˡ
Ӱʵڷˣֻܵ˻æˡ
Ӱ˰æأǰԺҪеĵҲ࣬һСʱǰԺһСȫá
ӰѾãһ㣬һ보ӻһ보ײ׷
һѵǴ󺹣շ˵أͷʪյģͷϸܵĺˮһͲ
ӰЩۣæԼ˴ˮë
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˰ľںԺ˾ôºͱġ
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ʵ֮ǰҲûڼ裬ӰܿĿⲻϸ
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λŮͬ־Ȥһ
Ҷίϱûôզ˵ҶίϱֻλŮͬ־Ӱʡ
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Ӱ۾ߺʣȻأôΪɶҶίͬӹϵã

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ҶίӣһھһڹϰѾɼңиŮһ󣬽Ҷбҵڳ繤
񾩶ԽԽңѧУЩط׵壬ҶίԼҹŮԼҹŮһֻ֮ǰ̸׵ŮͻȻֳһܡ
ҶԸˣҶίֶֻŮ
Ӱû뵽ܴԼ˿ʳҶôİԡ
ûϴȥʦңһμλҶίϱԷũµģ۵
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ӰʮֻСõֱʣ̲סԼһ䣺¸磬Ҷί׹Ůô
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ӰʮֻҶίϱΪ˸ԼֶŮھҺö󣬺涯ɶֽţҶίѹ֪
λҶίϱҲɶƲ簡
һڳԷʱӰ˼ûһʱ׽ˣֶֻܸŮ£λŮͬ־ûԱ˳Сѧܡ
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ܲ˵Ӱộô̵ĴںԷ
ܲһ׷һС
ﱻ׷ͲĹĹģҲȥƫƫҪС˵ߵͷʱʱҪСɺóˣ
ɰӰɰĲУ˼ߵϲ㣬Ե㣡
ܲͷ
ҲѴϵĴˣõĴȴϱԡ
֮ǰھʳóԹʳһˮ᲻÷ͼ壬еȲóԡ
ϱŵĽַ˲ͼ壬ζʮ·
Եĸ⿪θ
ȥϴ룬Ӱȥϴ衣
ߴɩ
ӰСԺſͬߴɩ˵
ӣҳû
զ
ҳߴɩۣӰʾڳϴ롣
ɶߴɩţгϴ룿
Ӱ˵ɼ˿ǲ࣬ڲǳﻹ£ĬϳŮ˸øɵġ
ô룬Ů˹Ҳˡ
ⲻӰôۣϴӦõģϴڸߴɩͲô¡
ߴɩæӣզóϴ˸ɵģ
˵ʵߴɩ֮ǰŶӺãȻԶϴ롣
Ӱɲͬߴɩ˵ⲻÿһһСۣϴզˣ˵Ȣ֮ǰҲԼϴУԼҲ⣡
ߴɩ⻰ˡ
ȻͬỹĽӼ޸ſϡ
˭뵽ر䵭ĳŻôϱ
ϸ߱˵ϴ룬żæո궼ӷĽϣ
Ӱ¸ߴɩϾɵĹȰĻŮ˸øɵģæתƻɩӣǣ
ߴɩʵӣʶͬ־ôλŮͬ־ǲҶίݣ
ӰһʼΪߴɩҪȣ˭֪ԵľȻ
ߴɩ֮ǰǴͬӰҶίλŮͬ־ġ
Ҳ˵Ůͬ־˼ȥѧУɢ϶ຢΧסѧУ쵼ء
ߴɩһʼŮͬ־ֻ˼ֳô󶯾ΪΪ˳ɶͷ׬
ֻʱһ죬˵λŮͬ־һֱǸܲǺӺóԣ̬ȿˡ
ܲǺӲҪŮͬ־ӲΡ
ߴɩŲԣŮͬ־ԳֶҲ̫ˡ
ųúǰ;ҪŮͬ־ϣߴɩҲᾪȡ
ѾӽˣλŮͬ־ɶ
ߴɩⲻصӼ䣬עһλŮͬ־
˵Ůͬ־øǸյҶίأߴɩЩӡ
Ӱû뵽ߴɩ£΢Цͦмɩӣ֪ˣ
ɣԸͳɣ˵˵ţߴɩְҶҵϵӣҿ˵Ҷίи׹ŮأզҶί׹ŮҸö󣬸ûɶѪԵϵϱֶŮҺɶԶ󣬾˵Ҷίϱʦأõ˼ңզ˵ԼҹŮ


93 
ߴɩߺ,ϴ룬ݳղǸߴɩ
Ӱͷ
ȥϴͷϴ裬ȺʳһЩ,ӳ衣
һϴ衣
Ӱû˽켯ϡ
Լ˴ӾѱȥС
ܲСһƼԼСƤϣС,˷ܵСͨ졣
ȥϣӰĸԼҺԺİ˸ԵĶ,Ҫ
ܲΪС˵ǽǻŮˣæҲŲǻŮ˵ĶԶˣҲû
Сһһ
ӰǽλŮͬ־͵ǣİ͵ĳԵĶãۼкóԵ,С϶ˣ
ⲻӰӽ,
磬ѿռļ޹ͷһǡ龫
ⲻ,ܲƼһѳԵ,Ĵ۾ԲˣĿɿڴӰ
ϣ֪ϱȥеģͷƳۣƼϱôԵ,֪˵ɶˡ
զʱϱַ컹
ЩԵģ
ϱҲ̫Сˣ
Ӱӿ,ȥݣǵ,Ժİ˵ĶԲãԺɶС
ܲæԹԵͷ,ֱʾԼԹͷ
Ӱϳԣٳԡ
ܲǸϵģԹԵͷ
Ӱŷȥϴͷϴ裬ʱһһСſڳϡ
һкõĴϸϱԣӰڲͷûճԣԱߡ
ɴԼҧһͨιϱߡ
ܲÿһڣСеСɺó
ܲ˵ҲҪԼԹιӰ
СӿеȫĿˮÿ
ӰҧһԼϣر
ܲģԼеĿӿݵϵݵӰߣСԣ
Ӱ⺢ɫ֭èٿеĿӿݵϣûһҧ
Сһ̫飬Ӱֻ˼˼һڡ
ܲͷԿϣ߿бߵ
ò͸ڸ߼ңʣҪϱͬߴɩϵʮֲϱɶö߼һݡ
ܲر𰮳ϣæͲͣҶԵ꣡
ӰСһӣ˵⺢θСɲСء
ǰ߼ңСһû˵ɶó⺢ϲϡ
ӰҲԸΪ˱ҺίԼҺӣЦɣ㶼Ե궼ԣԲ꣬ۼͣ
ҪǽߴɩûƼϣҲˡ
Ȼߴɩ֪˸ϣղԼҺڵ»ص˵¡
͵Ҳɶ¡
ϳ꣬׼ϴָϱͷ
Ӱ뷨æԼͷͳɡιҳԾͳɣ
ⲻſڣӰͷ˵ϵߣӰҧһڣ΢̵ϱóˡ⺢ϲԡ
ϱҧһڣԼٳһڣӷһϳԡ
ϱ֮ǰ϶
ܲеɫ֭Сɳ˻è
һڳ˰Ͼͱˡ
ʣһ룬Ӱ鲻̫ҲСϷ͸ڸ߼ֵܳζͲˡ
˺ͼﺢϲԡ
Ҳ᲻ö͡
ʣµļԡ
ܲϳԵĶӳţҲͲϵ¡
ϵʱӰȥϴϴϴɾС֡
ȺָˣӰþɫë߳úֻСֳëߡ
Ʊ߲ë
ϵĳܲСëߣСҪëë㣬ܲ˵۾۾ӰС𣬿ɸˡ
ⲻֿʼˣСҿϲϲ
ӰëʱĵɶʱСôˣ
ϻӰɶʱĥëľͷ롣
˵á
ëߣһȥ˯
캢ӳ̫ϣӰ򴲣ϴ˯ǰȥǰԺС
ǴϲйҲ̫Զ
֪ҶίҶӵȥˣ˶Щ
ͬҶùϵʮֲá
˵ͬҶί֤ʱһֱҶίӣҶʮֺӣҲû۵ס
֪һֱûȸҶίһŮͬҶùϵʮֽӲ
ҶʮųҲǶϲӾǡ
Щ꣬һֱͬҶίĹϵòðԺͲⱲҶöͬҶίϵ
֪ҶίͻȻҪҶؾ
ҶУҲҶ
ҶҶίǰޣΪУҶų
뵽Ҷί޲Ҷӻؾʮֲζ
緹ԶԲ¡
뵽ЩԼֶŮܸʦţõһֶŮȻƲϣ
µҶˣôõĶһҶίĶ˵ʦզ죿
ϣ
ֶŮզô컹˷ǮȥСѧɢɶǡ
ûţǵһɧ
һˣֶŮԱ˳û¸ɼٴ󷽣üǹȥȴ޲øѧУ˶֪
бÿɢһǡ
ֶŮַ̫󣬲ɶ̤ʵӵˡ
ɰˡ
´ԼֶŮʱܼҲŸֶŮ࿴զ죿
æߣܼҰݷһˣ
ҶίҶҲʮֲҲЩļʮҶίûжٸ顣
ڶʮ֮˾ǰѶҶĹذתƵϡ
Ը⡣
ˣȷʵǸö󣬿ˣѲ㻹ϱ飿һһӲ飬Ѳ㻹һӣզȵϣŮͬ־ԽԽֵǮСûܸõĶԺʹˣöǱˣ
Ϊ˴̼ԼֶŮƲʦţһҶˣզ죿
˽һ㲻Ҷ޵ĺá
Ҳźȥˣֻܼһͱʮ˵裬һӹʮҡ
Ҳʤ죬ߴҲųʦ
ֻʤٺãȵùλΪ׳ĳţ
Ҫͬʤ촦ˣԺӰͬ󣬱Ůͬ־զ죿
ѾλĳһΣⱲӲٴλţҲ¼ҵķһӻںС
ֶŮôҲû취
ھǲ֪λŵ׸ֶŮɶԻҩզ˶Ȣϱ˻ģ
Ӱ󣬵֪Ҷί׹ŮҶ
Ӱ鲻ֶŮһ˲
Ҷί׹Ů˵ȻˣⲻۼҶίƽնĹĶĳ˶ҶĹġ
ʮֲ
Ҷίһֱ֪ԼпǷҲӹϵզ
Ҷίοǰճ˵ƽͰ˴ҲҸŮɶִ
ŮƢһܣ˦ˡ
ҶίҲ˽ģŮʮôͻû飬Ҳ
ҶίҲھҸö
ҶίҲ뵽ʦϴʤ죬ʤʮ꣬Ůõ
ֻϱ֮ǰʤ˵Ҷί֮ǰҪԵֿԣû롣
ڣȻûԵ֣Ҷίе˽ģԼҹŮ޽ܼҡ
ʦϴˣ˳ԸҲʦҲǺദġ
Ů޽ܼԺ϶ܹӡ
Ҷ֪ҶίĴ㣬ޱҶɳԱװˣֱۡ
ɶ̸ĵ
ҶѹϷ걻ӣЩҲסֵһߣϤϤ
ӦãҶҲֱӾܾˣԸнŻߣ
ҶԹֶŮûһøУҶҴһʹȥһڳš
Ҷ뿪ۿˣҶ˵ôˣҲûɶ⺢զһֱϲң
Сãģ϶ģ˵鲻ãֳҶίøǧ㡣
ӰҪ϶пô


94 
תʮȥ,ЩӣܲӦСѧѧӰӱ,úӸպͬԶһ༶
һ꼶ѧľ͸λӼӰڼ߽,ӼãºӸϡ
ʮ,Ӱ˺ӣûȥСѧٳҺڣЩӣҲ˵ԴҶί׹Ůܼҳһٷ,ҶίϱȥܼҰݷá
ܼҽ׵˼ֱҪ̫ףӰʤ۸лǺܲ,ʦӶ˶Ȼϣ֤˶,ϣܼҺλҸ׵Ķϱϱ
ЩӰڳ,ڸڸߴɩæ£ǰԺõĵܲײˡƹϡϡӡϹϵӣҲ˲١
С˵ðСդΧ
ֺõأӾɫëëԼëԼ˵ëãë²һ,Ӱ롣
պ,Ӱװɫë򿪴Լë㣬˭̫ߴ
ӺԼë¿ɿ,ɴ˵ë¿ɷѾˡ
⼸죬Ӱܸоź¶쵽²ʼ
,һϷе¶еöһס
ӰֻŬ⼸һڵëë㶼ãֲļﶬޱ¡
˵
ٽӰ˸˿⡢һĢ
һ廨Ǵ̳Ƕһģڿռͼеţ¶ڡ
˲õģζɢˣһ£˿ͳĢǰġ
ɾӰ˿ͳĢƮҡ
ڸߴɩµӣ㳴ɶզô
Ӱ˳˿ͳĢ
ߴɩ˵զز˶ô
Щûǰ⡢ջôԵζ
ߴɩ˿
ҪӼ⡢ջôζԺӿզϣ˺ͺզܵס
ߴɩǰһκò״Ұ󣬼ֿʼôʡˡ
ߴɩһʡܵľǸź͸߼ֵܡ
ź͸߼ֵŸڵĲζֱҪ̫Ľߴɩ˵ֻزˣź͸߼ֵʮĽ
˭ø̫ãزҲôóԣ
ͬʱɿҲзȻһҡ
ڲζȻûôԵζζԶǼҵĲ˺óԡ
Ҳڿˣȡ
ȸտʼԸžȻ飬ɰŵĲС
ϴ룬Լֶˡ
ҲǻģֻǰˣζҲʮһ㡣
ʳĴ˻ѳԡ
ŸڲζȻֱҪ̫ĽԵζͬ
ȻÿĽȿ۵ףܲٻ
ڳŸӰһгݸߴɩ˵Ż԰Ӱϴ롣
Ȼǰٺã껹ϴġ
ۿӰŮӹıԽԽãȶʼɵؿڶˡ
ӰŮƾɶıã
֪ǲӰһΣְܾһЩѪ
ֺȸ¶ͿҺø¶ϴͷӰʮȷʵְһ㣬ͷҲһЩ
÷ˣӻ˻û
Ӱɴȥϴͷϴ衣
˭ͷѸɡ
˻ؼҳԷʱӰͷѾɡ
ʱͷûɳףֻʱɢڼϡ
пϱɢͷģ˼ۡ
Ƶĵƹ£һͷںŨܵ㷢ɢڼϣͷڶ¶һŰƴ¶쵰Сɫͬ۵Ķͬɫ
һɫ˯ȹһף£üԽģ촽졣
Īϱ֡
Դϱ̫ûɹûٸɣʮ죬Ҳ֪ϱʱʱڸߴɩȥɽĢǸֲˣææ⣬ɩӶˣҲϱԽԽףԽԽÿ
˻ϸϱһͷŨʮںڵ㷢ûٸϱͷ֪һͷ㷢Ũֺڡ
Ҳûͷñϱõġ
ɫ۲졣
Ӱһ˿ԣָӼһǰˣɶ
ջߵϱզְһЩ
⼸ҴָֻˣҲͦģ˵ƤŴʱ򣡡ﲻڣӰ۾˵Ϲ
Ҳû롣
Ӱ˵ԺƤΪ˴Ԥ룬Ӱصص˵ʱɰ׿ɱ־ˣһ϶ˣ
벻ɶ˻ܱϱס
ԺһҪøףӰ

һڳճȥϴ롣
Ӱݽ̺
ܲͻһٸ֣⼸죬ӰѾ̺١
һЩλӼ
СһӰѾʼʮλӼ
߽̱װɫë߸Լë㡣
ܲ۲ëˣ֮ǰڸСһëʴû
Ӱһ룬ԼϴӰ©룬˾һ⺢ӺЩ첻ټԼëˡ
Ӱëʱ򣬳ܲԼë£ʣСҵëأҵëأ
Ӱ⼸켱Űһëë㶼ãúúԴ
ʣȥԷľڼľɫë³Դ
ܲһԼëѾÿɸˣæ˷¹ë³
ܲԼë»ë㣬ϸˣһæëëɿܳݣӰ
ӰҲúԣСȶԹΣӦòɶ
ӰﺢӰһɫëë㴩ãɫе̫ۣɫڿʮУСһﳤû˵ɰÿСҲʡ
ӰޣҲޣÿ
ɰѳܲ˵ǵĻȶֵˣ𣬻ܻطóɫ䡣
СɫӰǰ߱ʣСҺÿô
ÿ
Сһﱻÿɸˡ
ôСĺÿô
ӰߴëһΣ̫ÿˣ
ⲻܣ߳ҫ·¿ˣֳԼСʣС壬Һòÿ
ʵϱľɫëëͦÿҲʺϺӴëëֻʺ洩һզ£
ϴĶס⺢һҲ̸ϹۣΥԼ˵˾䣺ÿ
һСҲÿܲϸˡ
Сȳزͣεεĳ۾ۡ
Һóܲڳûó˳ӰǰǰԺСߣ߱ʣСҵëëҲÿô
ÿ
ĺÿôС
̫ÿˣӰЩۣ²С϶Ҫȥڸߴɩҫһ顣
Ӱմ⣬֪СһҪܡ
Ӱæסˣ˵ë߿ɹ󣬸ߴɩһҪŵĸԶզ졣
ӰһģܲԺţܳڡ
Ӱæ˲ôë㣬˴кæŹȥ
ȥʱߴɩѾԺˣͻȻƼһ̵ĺһ
Ǵɫëëĳܲæ
Ӱʱ򣬾ͼܲСһվڸ߼Ժſʸߴɩëëÿÿÿÿ
Ӱ
ߴɩųܲµëë㾪ӶҪɳ
ϡ
ë߿ɱϹ̫ˣһﶼǮզôá
ǰ֪Ӷ⺢Ӻãɺõϣ治֪˵ɶˡ
ɫʮУӰûɶɫӴ˼򵥵Ԫ߽ܣ·ɺÿ
ߴɩ·޲ڡ
ߴɩ䣬ܲǣɸˣԺ
Ӱס߳ߴɩǸһߴӻԼԺ
ӰӻԼԺӡ
ߴɩȴطæڴϵԼҸŵϸߣǲ֪ղƼɶˣ
ɶ
ӾȻëЬܲǺӴëë㣬ëЬһﶼҪ󼸿飬˵ӶֶզôãԺզ죿ߴɩǸˣҪϼֶңչ˺ӳû⣬ɸӴôëë϶᲻õġ
ԽԽóϱȢĿãһŮͬ־̶ȣֻ˵˼ҹ
ǰ죬ӻóϸӳԣ󷽾ﶼĿ࿴
֮Ըڳ¼ӺøǱ˵ˡ
ŵʼ϶øӴëë㡣
ǰӼ޳иڸߴɩһóȢиˡ
ߴɩȴӹ괩ĶǼ첹ĺްôëë㡣
ڳ¼ԺӣӰ˨СԺš
ֵܲС
ӰӰһ߸ëëȥ߼ֵǰҫ
ܲͷ֪СԶ˵ֵرС϶Ǵɽģ
Ӱ
Сһ˵Ӱ߸˵ĻССԶҪҵˣ˵ûСԶϴһ鲼ˣǲøСԶ
ܲ۾Сҿɺˣϲϲˣ
ӰСһС˵ҪûָҲߴɩ˿ڶ࣬ѹأʮëҲ²򰡡
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˯ʱ򣬳ܲ᲻ëë㣬⺢ȵԼܲˣѵġ
ܲӰռرǿҪ˯м䣬һ˰ռӰ
ͷĳ
Ⱥ˯ź󣬳⺢ԱߣԼϱͷ
ֱʱˣӰҲëˣԴһë¡
Ӱë¶ǸģԴϱ
ӰСʣɫëһ㲻ĸЩʱ֣ǷӢ
ɫë£ÿ㣬ͦθߴǿ󣬸ÿ
ë»Լϱ֯ë£ʱ׸ղųܲǺӼ顣
ӲüҴʱϲ̵ģĿ⿴ϱһͿ
Ӱ࿴˼۲ջߣë£һëľ룬ľë߷Ŵس롣
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߰һΣ˱ȥϱϡ
ڵĴ֨쳹ϡ


95 
һҹں,ӰˣֱѾʮˡ
Ӱˣɴɴһᡣ
˰¶ˣӰѾϰڡ
ӡӶЩ,Ų鸡ᱳһЩ,á
ֻڶΰ£Щܲס
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һŵʱ򣬲ҪڶֻҲ·ҳš
ڶﳵȥеʱܾЩ͡
ɴϻ˰죬Ӱ
𴲺󣬲,,ӹҲȥСѧ
Ӱ򿪹дӺͷϡ
ϴ򵥳緹
緹,Ӱվɴë,ʱ,û뵽ͻȻһˡ
Ӱ˿ŵ֪Ҷί,ȥȰȰҶ
Ҷίͬ׹Ůִһܡ
Ҷھѹȥ,ҪҪؾɰҶίĲС
ҶίҲҽ,ȰûãŮ뵽ֻгϱⲻҵ˵ô
ų˵¡
˵µʱ򣬳ʾϱԸȥȥ,ȥҸɾҶί
ȥӰҶίŮͦģⲻ˵Ļ߷¡
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·ʱӰһδȥɽ·ȥĢɩӺɩһƳ·Ծ
Ҳձڣ·ƱƳԡ
ⲻȥҶҵʱӰǰԺ˿·ûɶԡ
ѹ֪ϱɶ·ƣɫ΢濴·ΪŤˡ
ֻǵȿϱ·Ҳûϱ֪ˡ
զûﲻԾӰ߱ˡ
ûУ˳
ûУٿӰһ飬ȷ˵ûﲻԣɿ뿪СԺӡ
·;ߵһ룬ͻȻʲôü˼ɨϱһۣͻȻʵ۲ۣߵö·
ҶίשҼԶ߲·
ô
ӰƳˡ
ӰߣֱϸһֻӰæɴۿˡ
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˰͵Ҷί¥Ҫߡ
˵Ҷίסĸλ
¥ߡ
ߺӰʶղΪɶͻȻ߲·
ʶԷΪ߲·ԭӰȶֱ쭣
Ҷҿ
ļҶί֪ҶҪ뿪ﲻҪ̫ˡ
֮ǰҶίҶȥܼҳԷˣ⼸Ǽˡ
⼸ⰵʾҶֶŮĶ󣬱һŮĹϵ
ⲻҶȻͬ£Ҫ뿪ҶȴȰҶ⺢Ӳڼסʮ첻զҪأ˵ɶҪ˵أӲ׾ˣû£⺢ҲھЩӣҲ˵⺢ھɶҪǺӴ˶ǿɲˣ
Ҷί֮ǰҲǲˣ⺢˶õĶ⺢զͲĿľҪ֣
һĻҶίҲЩԼҹŮǲھɶҲЩڴȥܼ˵ʦϴ¡
Ҫû£˵ŮھЩӣ
ڿȰҶίȥȰҶȰµЩҶί
㣬ھסһЩӰɣøСر᲻㣬㲻ھʱ򣬹øرãø϶ˣ֪㲻ø˵ףֱӾܾøǣʵҲܼر䲻㣡
ҶһʼͿ͸ıﲻһͲߵľֶŮ
ֶһһװģҶɫ࣬ӿ춯ʰ
Ҷļӿʰ۵˿ֻ͵⣬ͬƳһۡ
Ҷûɶ³
տʼڳ磬ֻԺԽԽңҶҲǣȲ硣
ҶίϵҶʱҲϵ²ʮ֮˾ûɶ³
ҲˣҶֵܸҶί׶Ͼϵ
Ҫ˸ίˣҶίѶҶֵܺҶĸȫͶעϣһֱʮֲ
ڵһαСýӵҶңʮĽҶݣ˭֪˴úõ׵ҪƫҪϵСá
ϧСһֱûҶίӡ
ʮʧ
Ҷûٶһţ㣬ؾզ죿
Ҷʮָˣȴ⺢ֻھס˲ʮ죬զסһЩˣ̿᲻ˣ
˵ۿͨ
ҶίۼԼҹŮҪˣסˣæſƣϣϱܵ
ҶѹֶŮװģֻҶί֣Ȼؾˣؾٸϵ
Ҷίɫ࣬Ҷ˵ߡ
һӰͻȻſڽסˣæסҶֵλҶɣ˵զôߣҶ㣬ҪȥҼ˵ͬһԺˣҶɵøһ棡
Ӱ˵ŰҶһߣҶίҶ壬ҶҼҳԷˣɲ
Ҷ类һƯ˵СʮȻסֻҪȥҳԷһ±ƣЩ֪롣
Ҷίۼϱôϵ⣬᲻ͬ⣬æɳɳɣﲻɣŵҼϴ϶ˣ
ҶίæҶûط䣬ɵһؿڿסϲ²ȥɫЩס
ӰװģֽӲı۵ף΢̣鲻
ҶίæԼҹŮӰǳȢϱ˼ѵͣܵӦһΣ˼һ档
Ҷ֪ǰаƯŮͬ־Ȼˣ޸˳˾ҳš
ڴԺʮǳ˾ӣҶ᲻֪
ҶҪܾӰѹûиܾĻᣬʮҶҵţ߳Ҷί壬ҾȰҶȥҼˣ
ӰҶߣҶίһɫЩѿ
걾ͶԳϱûɶøУֹҶ뿪
Ҷί뿪ҶҺﻰԱ˳û¸ɹ¸ɶ
ҶƢ껹ʮģ߲ɣ϶ߡ
ࡣ
ЩûӰְܾƯһЩ֮ǰþ͸ꡢģΣʮ㡣
һԺܲŰ±űŮƤԻͷԸզ죿
ԽԽ־óŲˡ
ϾŰܲ˶ûк³
ֶܲӾǳźͳ¼ۡ
ԼҪţ֮ǰ˵ô໰ŲסӰŮˡ
ҪŮȥ̽һ¾ƣ֪ľƾ͸ˡ
ƶŮ˿϶Գܲн٣ֻʮҲû˵˭˳ܣεӰŮֳֵܲͬķû
Ѳϴ˵Щ
㷢ɶ
ֶŮĲУҪһֱܼϴ£Ҷ¡
ǰҶίҶȥܼң漱ˣ޲ֶŮʦϴ¶
⺢ӾǲӦ졣
ҪҶȥеʦϴһѪҪˡ
᲻֪Сõɶ˵Ҷؾᱻǣ磬Ժ³ãܼ޸ܼҡ
ӰŮŰܲعã϶ܼ޸ţοСãģԺҾԱҶ޵ĺã
ͦˣֻڷѹƲ⺢զġ
ȰϽʤ춨˴󣬾СãģӳžͻͬŮ飡ʦȻãȲϳ¼ң
ɶզܣŸϱǸս飿ֶŮ쿪Ρ
СƵƵȥִܼ߻ߵķˣ۵ͷֻø˵Ӱ˽͵͵Űܲ¡
˵ĸƶ껹ˡ
ϣҵϣ֪֪治֪ģզȢ˸ôݶϱУҵĵ籨ó˾֪


96 

˾ͳĸǰھٻһ䶫ȥ,˵籨ԼҶӡ
شԺյĵ籨
˾ãĸƼĵ籨˵ԼҶϱզŰԼֶӣԣ,˵ǽһ
ĸŵಡҪ,ɫ䣬æ˵ҪƱȥ
ĸŵĲ,˾ȴǸ侲,겻׵Ļ,ԼҶӵ۹⣬ϴζϱҲˡ
Ŀҵ˶˾Լῴۡ
˵ԼҶǸϱŰӣͬϱסһİƲɶ
,˾껹Ǹ۶ӣ۶ӿ,ҪǶϱŰ,۶ӻƲɶ쳣ϴ۶ӿ˵籨˵ϱӴĲ,ԺҲررã
ϴ,ĸȻԼСӸ,ʵǱٺŵӰ,ϴٺô궼ûƳٺŰӣһҲ
뵽,ĸۿͨ졣
˾æһȸĸ籨ʣ
ȥʵھ̫ƽ˾Ҳ鲻
ĸֻΰҵϱǸõ,ҪǻǸٺ񶾵ģĸѪˡ
¼Ժ
ӰҶȥ£һˮȣʵҶ㣬緹ûҪҼȳԵ緹
ڳ¼ԺӺҶЩ±ƣ֪ԼղզŹġ
ҶǸԸȵˣƽնٽɶѣ˶Į侲Դһ飬Щмܲס֪롣
ⲻʱӰʮȻҶʵЩмܲס
ֱһʱ䣬һߡ
Ӱϱӹһʱ¡
һۿԷǸȵˣҪ̫飬ܰܡ
Ӱάһ̶飬֣֪ǳˣȤĻͬġ
ļѧƷ硶ôɵġԶȥվСǴ
Ȼ
ԭʮֲڵҶһӰѧȤԽԽͶ롣
ջЩνӲսǢ
ʱϤһЩӰҶ㣬ʵղҶίȥģ˵ȰھⲻǸû죬զ˵߾أ
ҶɫЩӲǱеæͻȻ֪ͨҹȥ
æҪæģӰͷһתȴֻҿҶίҲˣҲûŮţ϶ھģ֮ǰҶίͬ˵˺üرȾƺۿˣ
Ҷίۿ⻰ȻӰģȴҶɫݺһ
ҶȴǲǵﻹãҪУЩΪɶһֱꣿ
ӰҶı˸˵ʱˣҲŮģҲĸҵҪȻ뿪ҵ
ҶҸŮô᲻Ӱ仰ܸƽģҶһܿ侲ҰֻҺҶģԺ˵ɣ¼ϱ֪ĺ⣬ֻҽ߲ɡ
ҶȻ̸ҲӰȰѾ
Ӱ̾һû쵽ǸǲðȻ̸˼Ҽ¡
Ҷ˵Ҷίġ
Ҷ֮ӣҲԿֻѹû뵽ҶԸ
ô˵أ˴ߵͨҶֹߣʮйûɶĻۣԸر
ʵ۵ԸϻװֶùԷŹȥ
ʮҶھĲãӰеΡ
ղȥҶңۿͨ죬ɺ޲Ҷ˵ļждϡ
Ҷ᲻ҶңҲԼǸܻӭˡ
Ӱ˼ûô뿪
ǰλʮϢҶ㻹ʮԵģһ۸в
˵ʮԺԽԽң硢ѧУֵط׵壬ԺҶҪǣ磬ԸǲҶίæģҧ硣
ӣҪҶ˷պõĴﻹãҪǷ䵽ƧӵĴģʮ֮˾ûɶ³
ӰסҶֵҶ㣬ʵҵҴ¶֪ˡ
ҶҲϡ棬ϾҵڴԺɶܡ
ӰҶ㣬ҵһۿرԵʵҽҲȫΪҶίȰ²صȰģҵļҲö˵ʵǾô뿪̫Կ̫ˣ
Ҷ޶Եı˵仯ȿ
Ҷ㣬ȥˣҿͺֶŮҪ뿪ҶίᣬͲˣ
Ҷû뵽ǰСôһۿαװ
ӰҿҲզãҪȻզԸ׽Ҷίһˣ˵⣿˱ˣЩӣûΪǣ޸ʦңֻʦһֱûɿڣҶίĹϵԼҸõĺöҶί׹Ů뿪Ǳˣ
㿴һҶίʹȥʦҳҶίӵĻ׹Ů
ȵȣʦҵ»ûҶʡ
ӰҲȿȴҶ֪ͬﻰⰵʾͬʦҵҶ˵ÿҪˡ
ҶȻ˶£Ҷίܼͬϴ࿴ʮַС
Ҷ㣬㲻ΪͬҶίìܳܵİɣӰʡ
˶ԷȷϣӰ֪øпĻٻǸøпҶίŮ̫úŪ
ӰæҶ㣬Ҷίɶ֪ܲҪʦҿҪˣҶίͬʦϴ࿴ʦҲͬⲻǣھôãҲȥʦҼΣͬѹû࿴
Ҷɫס
Ӱĵʮ֮˾Ҷ￴׼ҶúŪԸںͬʤ࿴£ƭҶΪʤҪĶ
һºŮ飬ܰҶϳһٶöã
ӰҶ㣬ҿǺ治򵥣ǰûٺ£ǸŮϵЩǰԺǲֻҪøҶίϵǺǰǸŮϵϵ
Ҷǰû룬ֻ֪Ů˹߻װģˣ벻ÿθսҶţͬǵһܣֵĲɢ
ϸ룬ÿüǵ֮ǰϲǰ˵ǵöã˵ӣһ̣֪ǵôãܶǵ˵ɶû
綼޲øǵϾܲϵϵ
ҶԽɫԽѿ
ӰһҶ飬֪Լ˵ˣҶ㣬˵Ҫô뿪Ը˵ЩԺͬҶίϵʮ٣ҿôҶίģԸ˵ôأ
ΪֶŮҶίǱıôզ׵ϵԼıô
⻰˵е㹦ԣΪɶԸϵҶίǲǿҶίıôֵüúá˵ҶίںŮҶίʹˣϣŮߡúãҶίǿ϶ֵùĺã
ò˵ӰһҶֻȻҲ㲦Ҷˡ
Щٸϵ˵ĲŮˡ
˾Ҷϱ˵ûҪô뿪˵˻
ֻ뵽ھͬദмԥ
Ӱ᲻֪ԥɶҶ㣬Ҫ㣬ﲻԸҴҾƫƫһֱӦҪ׽׵Ҿ͹׽磬ͬҶί׽ϵǺѪҪȻϸˣĨᣬҶίɶ֪ΪɶίأҶίòŹȥ
ҶȴҲЩտʼȷʵʮ䵭ģͬˣÿװˣԽԽã뵽Ҷ۵˼
Ҷһĸղŵ䵭æֽ̡ͬ
ۣ͸˵£ֻҪҶίãǺɶ۶ûáӰҲҶۣ״ܻɣ
ⲻרŽզӦˣ״ʵõİ취ͬҶίϵ׽һĵ籨ͬҶίϵ׽
Ӱ΢һ飺УҾʱ̫嶯ˣɶ±ͬҶίúͬҶίͨ˵ܼ£զĹҶίԺǧúùͨͽܼ£ҲԸ״˵ǧװ˵Ļᣡ
Ҷ۷Ź⣬ҲǰǾֻŮˣûá
˳˾Ҷϱһֵ֪ãҶԽԽ˵Ķԣ⵽ʱĵ籨Ƕͬǵϵ
ҶʮסӰ֣һмߵ¼ϱ˵ĲҴھ
Ǿ̫ˣҶ㣬պóҵգӰ
Ҷܾǲˣ¼ϱһǻؼҳԣҺƽչ߻װرҵǰϲɶˣǰɶҲ˵ɽĻ˵ҵΪҲ£ɶίҺ϶Ҳһؼҳԣ⣬Ҿ͸ˣ
ѽ
Ӱû뵽Ҷôܾһ
ȻͬھӰҲˣҪҶңӰҲͲˡ
ҶңҶˣͬҶίȰԺҶ¡
ԺԼҶ
ĺܺãҶίҶԺզҵõĶ֪ҶͻȻͳҶί֣ˣһھ
óϱȰŮµҶίʵҲûϣŮ׵Ļʮģ˭֪ϲ̫죬Ҷίϲæ֣ɶŮ˵ɶ
ҶûͬҶίɫӲ˵ۼȷʵͬڼŸ뿪֪꣬ʮָˣҶҲȷŮ˿ظһԼھĻ
⻹Ҷί˵ģҶίŮܼͬͬϴˡ
ϣϡ
˾ϱզŮ˵ģզôôأֳ˾ͳĸôϱУһĸ籨ؾ˾ͳĸú˵˵զ˸ôõĶϱأ
ҶίʱԳϱĸмͱˣ˷ܵɫͨ죬ֱúúã
ҶͻȻܼͬϴ׵ĻУûѪˡ


97 

˾ͳĸǰ׼ԼҶĵ籨,žͽӵоҶίصؿ˸öϱĵ籨˾ɨ˼ۣҶίԼҶϱؿЦ
ĸȴЩ
Ҷίզˣ
һҵĶϱãԶӱ,һ˵ϱŰǸϱ,ĸ֪˭ģ
ĸеж֪Ƿ籨ʮ֮˾ûҶί籨ס
ĸҲ֮ǰԼֶŮʶ
˵ǹǰϱ,Զϱ۸вá
ĸԽԽôһ,껹ֶŮûһøС
˾ĸ,ЦҾ˵۶۹ⲻ⣬㲻۶۹⣬۹⣬ϱҪãͬ˻£۶ϱ϶Ǻõģ
ĸӰϱӡǺܺõģͷǺӦǸõģ
¼СԺ
Ӱ֪,ʤ֪ͨ,Ӱڳժˡ
ſе֪,˰ȥس,õ
ӰզͻȻȥس,Ȼȥس,ô˹ƾڹӪ,ҲͲǷˡ
ɩӣɶòˣ
֪ȥس,ӰֻһһĭӣʤǳԹϱĲˣ˳ϱ˵գǵ,û˵
ʤЩҲ䷹ֻڴҿţʤ䷹Ҳ˼
ʤ֮ǰͻȻʵɩӣ£λҶίŮ뿪û
ʤ⻰ʱѵЩ˼Ϊ顣
ӰһʤΪģҶίŮˣ
ʤȷʵҶǰҶίȥʱʤͿˡ
ֻԷҪ뿪ʤ²Էû
ʤеʧ䣬ⲻҶίϱȰ£ʤ֪뿪û
֪ʤҶӰһ۹ⲻ
¶ЦݵţҶû뿪ˣ֮Ҫ뿪Ϊλͬ־࿴ˣⲻӣ
ʤӰᣬæ͵Ҹλͬ־ɴû࿴λͬ־ĴĺܣеĶң
ʤֹӰһ᲻֪ҪҪϵǳţ
Ӱһʤ֪϶֪ˡ
ʤû
ʤû˵ϳţֻජߣϾŶ飬λŮͬ־ǽŻǵ±ӰɣͲɩˡ
ʤߺӳԹӰϴϴͷ
ڣܲʮֹɣӰտʼСզûˣӰóĺ⡣
ֻܲԹ⣬ûԹ⣬ɫĺһóܲɺˣҲ벻ԼС壬СβƵƵӰ
ӰһСζܲСҧһڣĺζ۵С㣬ԲĴ۾ӰúóԣС
óԾͳɣӰϲԣһ飬ʣµķų
ǰԺ
ܲԺ⣬Ӱë㡣
ܲ˼ڣСû⣬ߣӰֻҧһھͲˣԸԡ
ʱ⴫
ӰһʼΪԼ˻ˣæİŮżҵģڼҲ˯û
Ӱȥţվɩӣɩֿһӣǣһееֵк
ڰֵĺӿɲ࣬Ӱۣе㺦æɩء
ܲϳ߳߳СС֪رϲҵСÿ춼ҪҵСҲҪҵС
ܲ˵Ĺġ
ɩ˸ⲻ˼æӰʾ⣺żҵģǲ˼ҼҺЩⲻҺرϲ캰ҪҲû취ֻæ
ɩӰͬ⣬æʾѾòˣæҲѵģǮ˵㡣
ɩӰҲ֪ӦòǲǮҪȻ⺢զֵģ˵Ըóһ鲼˼ҿʮټ
ӰæɩӴӽ
ɩӴӽ󣬴һΧĻǰԺΧ˸԰żҵĳϸƤ⣬Ǹܸͻݵġ
ɩ˵һʼΪŸһֻȢ˸ɶɵϱ
ǰЩû˿żպá
ⲻɩӼܲ⺢ɶ㣬ɫĸզûƹ
ɩӺһۣ۾ڳܲԵƵƵƣʿˮ
̫㣬Щ̲סæ̣Ҳԣ
ɩһΣܲСҼкöԵģܲҼҺóԵĻһֳԵģ
˵صسܲҫҼдûмرóԡ
ܲһ綼Թˣ
˵ŵһۣҧϴһ⣬߳ԼССŲҪԣ˵ĶѳˣҲŲԣ
ĲУæ˭˵СĶϺóˣֲҳԣ
ӳ켸䣬Ӱ֪զˣæȥһԡ
ЩɲˣɩҲռ˵ˣæӰǮ
ô㣬ӰǮ΢ЦɩӣֻӳԵ㲻ɶ£
ɩòơ
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ӰҪɶС
ҧһ⣬ζɵ̫óˣҼⶼóԣԵ۾߻ӰĻҪܲСҪһرǣ
ܲһ
Ӱ΢ЦɣԼҺӰСóɩӿһۡ
ܲæ꣬ȥСϡ
СߣֱͦСؿڱˡ
ɩǵһƳżС֮ǰһֱҪ¼Һӵ˵ÿÿҲû⡣
û뵽һ˫米ľɫС滹һźɫǡ
ϣ
żҵզôأզôÿ
Һôһֱ򲼡
ɩҲ˷޲ˣʾͰģ
۾ҲڳܲϵСϣĽˣ뵽ԼܿҲСˣŲôĽͰͿӰ޲
ǲܵġ
Ӱɩá
û£żҵģҼҺӲɩʮֲ˼
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⻰ǵӰЦɩεɫ£ӰæɣҸã
ϣ¼ϱ̫鷳ˣ˵Ļ˵Ķ˵ˣɩӶ֪˵ɶˡ
һɩӴԼҺˡ
֮ǰæܲܲԺҲˣҲˣԺСɶԵģֵܷܲҳԣ
ܲҲֱӾܾ
ԼƤɩǵһμû¼ˣæСӻҡ
ɩӺߺӰʺûϴ֣ܲһæȥϴ֡
ϴ֣üòֱʱ䣬ȴϴ˯
˯죬ӰڴߴëԼˡ
ֱʮСԺ⶯Ӱ˸Ƿæȥš
δСԺţˡ
ɫճͣſڣӾɫճ
զôٻӰʡ
˿УӰ֪ż˺ôһֻ̫ƫƧӾĹĶֻܵسǣȥá
صؿȥسõġ
ӰҪæãеأãȻȥ˯
ûӰ˾䡣
Ϊ˿϶سǹӪԣ˭֪һʾȻûԣӰɴȻسʱɶԵġ
ѼԼسŪޱһһݡ
ôˣ㡣
Ӱɴ˼򵥰ӽ档
ʱкûƹ˿˼ƬҶ̺÷Ŵ
ﻹʣ˵Ӱӻƶ潴΢ӹһ£ڴİ棬ͬƹ˿Ҷȡ
Ӱһӣζóԡ
ϴù˳ȥϡ
Ӱ˿һϴݺֿޱɾϲˡ
զŪģӰæʡ


98 
˿,Ӱ֪ޱسǡˡǱŪģӰҲͲˡ
˳棬ԸޱŽľ
һޱ,аˡŽһޱĽ
ʱޱɹһɹ,׸ɾޱ˯ˡ
˯ޱ,˯ģڼǵһޱ,Ե档
˳ʱӰ
ôһҲ֪Լҹżĵɶ
û,ŵζˣҲϱԸ
ϱһ,ر,ֻлƹ˿ˡ
һ,ζⲻͬƹ˿һԱһζֽ塣
Ⱞԣ滹ԣ߳Իɶ档
ӽ棡Ӱ߲߻ء
һں󣬽԰ٶȾû¡
Ӱ˰,ֹżĵİгԵд,ü龫ʹǣа棬ɽ,м
󲿷ֶһڵ·
˵Ǽıů¿㣬ӵǼްžȻ˺üⱣůëش¡
ڵëشھʮʱְֻǿʽеʽ
۹ⲻѡëش¶ǿʽ򵥴󷽵ģȻֱͲʱһڡһſ϶ÿ
Ӱϲ⼸ϥǵĳëش¡
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һֱҶԺ£ҶίŻԽԽãҶҲ뿪ҲƵ
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ɩӵԺӵĺöԶӶԳܲĺá
ߴɩ˲üæסίίҼסӼܲ⺢ӸҼҼҲãûŰҼ˿ʮҾûƹӶԺӻõģ⵱ԼӶȲӶԳܲ⺢ӵĺãǲ֪⺢óԵģǴëë㣬ɲϹԩ˰
ίͼԱߴɩ˵꣬Ǹ߿żҵһۡ
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ҶҲ֣Ҹһȥ
סҶ¼ϱ£ôɶҪûŰӣ˾ҳҲȥˡɾ飬ۿ˿ɲֻ棬׻˵ĺã֪֪治֪ģ
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ȥǨŭĻǰҶھĳ˾Ҷϱã
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Ҷί֪ϱ˾ٱŰӱίߵ¡
յ֪£ɫ䣬һɫʤһ˶һ
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Сһ˵͸ߴɩղ˵ȫԵϣίͼԱˡ
ͬʱżλַǼ۽磬ίͼԱûֶܺõ̶ȵģﶼЩ
ֳܲǺӿ׽ϱˡ
ٱ¼ϱŰȫίʾſԴߡ
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Ӱ黹̧ۣˣ֪ˣæ±ӡ
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ӹӣһʼܲҪֻҪӰֵֻСֱ۱ѡ
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ȻίɸƽҲȳſһ֣˭֪ãǰ;
үܲСɶɺóˣҲɺÿˣҪҪ


100 
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ܲһ,˵̸ܲɶɶһ·ȥѧʱֵҲʳܲϳɶˡ
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ⲻӰúȥƣȺӽԣӰԼ˵ǰЩλŮͬ־ĶԺнԼߺӵĻ
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ɫݺݳ£һǺ˪⡣
ôӰ֮С
˵ʵλŮͬ־ʵЩִš
һŮͬ־˽飬ˡ
λŮͬ־ȴǧټƻڳ
ӰͬλŮͬ־죿զλŮͬ־ⲻһ㣿ҪȻ˼զλãҪڳλãȢ
Ӱֳ°ͣһ䣬濴ˡ
˭֪⻰˶Ļ˵۵ľֻܽ᲻룬Ⱳֻһλ飬ȢŮͬ־
֣棬Ӱ΢죬Ŀǰˣϧһ龹Ȼһ
ѽ
ˣ
ʱܲСԳվӰǰƣСҵСÿô
ÿ
óԷӰʡ
ܲҡҡͷӰĹĵĶӣСһҿɱɱˣ
Ա˾ͳɡ
ʰ꣬Ӱϴͷϴ裬˵仰ϧ˾Ȼ
Ӱֻëſ֯ë㣬һٺˣ
ܲͱСߡ
ôСᣬӰҲСˡ
ʱ⴫Ӱëȥš
վɩӺ
ȲܲСҵС
Ӱæ˽ݣȥɩӵһˮ
¼ϱÿɩæ
ӰɩԵһ£ȥ
ɩʶۣⲻƼϴ룬ɰɩӸסˡ
ϣϣȻǳϴ롣
żϱ˲ã
ɩп˼ŴǺһС鼦ܲԣϴҳҵ⣬ҼҲǺͼ⣬ԣ
ܲһҲŲҵģҵĲóԣСĿɺóˣ
ܲⲻҫԼԹСϹϱɽˮɽ髸϶ණɺóԿɺóˣɰĿˮҪˡ
ӰԷóʣ˵㲼ϣҲһ˳
ȻҪҺӵһģһӰҲͰ֮ǰˣһ࣬ΪӰڶһСɫǡ
ӰһóɩӺ۾
ϣ
¼ϱզô
ɩӽӹİ֣óʮ⡣
۾ֱˣֵ֪ԼȳܲһǣɸˣЦ¶ݣæϣܲҵСǣһţֳӰллܲС
ɩӺͺͳɣӰ˿΢Ц
ӹɩӲˣļ︻ǿ۵ݸɩӱǮġ
¼ϱձٱɩӲøǮˣרŸ͵档
ɩ֮ǰʱͼ︻ǿۻЩۣǿۿϺõİۣһҪëء
Ȼһִ󼸽İ۽һֹѿʮֲˡ
ⶼõ֮ǰɩӵ뷨ٿӿϲˣɩҲһЩѼ︻ǿӰʹˡ
̳ȱľˣɩӸۻһˣⲻӰæĸǿۻɩӣߵɩӣ⸻ǿۻˣҪһӲ˾ͳɣҼҲ԰Ӹֲˣȱˡ
ɩӼ¼ϱ治ԸĸǿֻۣͬһӲ˹
ɩôӦȴһ˿϶պǼУʱ¼ϱͳɡ
ɩӴϲߺӰͷͼſڰ̾ͷɥСһ
⺢զ
СҵСֻһǣܲίͰͿӰ
ӰæʾһǣܲüЦվСҪ˵ӰϣߣҴȥ裡
ɣ
һһСʱӰ⺢켱űɴ
ȥСϷǡ
СʽŲȵķһҲˣ䣬ǸϸӰջźˣⲻȫͶ붼ʱ䡣
ǵ˽ӰֱȻѾŵˡ
ˣ˳ʡ
ˣӰͷ߼ʣͷûƼɫԣ˯ˣ
ûأ˱𣬵ͷñסĴ˿أױߡ
ͻȻӰһ£æס˵Ĳ
˽ıӲӢҲ࣬ߵ±˼ס
˷λãһֱײӰȴ׵Щæˣ˷ſӰæϴϢ˳ˣ
Ӱȵȣ˲ô
ӰҲúˣ˳˵һ飬Ⱳֻһλ飬ȢŮͬ־λŮͬ־һ㲻һ㣬ҲҲϡڳλõļҲڶ飬УλŮͬ־ºͽ£ȫ
˻ԼȴʮȣӰĲС
֮ǰλŮͬ־ΪɶһֱӰȴͻȻôô˲Ůͬ־֤˻ǡ
Ӱãúòˣ𴽴ս˶ͻȻ˵һ䣡
ɫȻסӰȴǴرʧأֻһϥˡ
˲Ӱͷ£ںڵ㷢ɢڼϣòˣƹ£Ůü۽ľˣС죬ֱ
ò˻ûɶӰЩйʱס°͵ͷٴͬꡣ
һĸ⼰ʱһƬɫ


101 
ũ³Ǽ,ŵѵӰæгȥС
̫ҲЩӱϰˣᱳʹŲ鸡,ɺôûʼµͷĿѣԻشϡ
ֻﳵʱе֢Щ,֮ǰӦ⼯,Ӱʧźӡ
ȥ˼ëŻ
ֻһˣ緹һЩ
Թ緹,ߴɩ¼СԺ
ӸߴɩУӰ֪ΪܸѾ,ͣΰڼú÷ʡ
ߴɩǾ̫ˡ
Ҳ⣬ϾĻ٣ѵһбҵҪȻҲھô
Ӱû˵ɶ,Ȼ⡣
ߴɩ,˭۾Ļ,⴦ֲؿҲᣬȾСѧ飬һ´ʮǮͣΰ꣬ٶǮ,һٿ,Ѫģ
Ӱû˵
ߴɩֵˣӣզҶίϱ
Ӱ֪ȿҲҧҶίϱ,ôҲļƵģȻܳϣֻ˵Ҳ˵ģۣҲ۰Լ䡣
Ҷίϱ룬ӰѾȷԴͷ϶ϵ
Ӱ˸ߴɩûбǣߴɩҵû˵
Ӱ͸ߴɩ˵ʱί۾޵ĺ׵ŵǸ
ίϳ¼ʱɩӰԸŹ֡
һҪӵˣΧɩ͵͵߷
ԼΪٱӰ㱻Сѧ£ҪǾѧˮƽ̫٣˵汻ˡ
¡
ϲӰͻũ³˭뵽쾹ȻԼ㱻
뵽Լͣΰǵ˴һٵ룬ˡ
ίʱͬӰ˵ȵĴ֣˵˵ʱȻŰӵҥԣδصسǸġ
ȴⲻġ
ھǺܺڣǺھٱӰֻǺڼ뿴Ӱͻũ³һȳ嶯ȥٱˣ͵ٱš
ôӰŰӣҶίϱ˵ĸƶȻǲӰûŰӣҲƶܿ
ƾɶǸû˵Ҷô˵żҵûŰӣôôֲֻһ˵ƾɶͣΰꣿ
ίٺúò飬Ǻֻǳֶӣֲģ˭֪˵һףûһף
ӰһϵֱӲˣǰкȡžž⣬ȴðǣҽг
ΧɩǶ˵¼ϱر˵ߴɩҲûӰ쭵ʱⲻӰͻȻ⣬Χ˶ס
ðǵȶЩסӰŮ˾Ȼ˦⡣
ϻĻҪӰƴ
ӣСģߴɩæ
ίֹѾˣˣ̧ҪӰߣҪض⡣
Ӱýɨһȣ岻һġ
ʱӰóѧУѧķǹˤס󣬰˴Ҽˤڵ档
ءһ죬죬ˤڵ໲ҽгʹһŤˡ
ԭ¼ϱһ亹תۼʮĳ¼ϱȻʵˤڵ棬׷Ŀɿڴ
ǵ죡
ߴɩڶĿɿڴίˣϱǳŽ̵ģ
죡
զϱ
ⲻնȲͷ˼ȱӣ¼ϱˤڵʹĿԲһƯˣöϣ
ϣ
ҶЩͬ˭ãȻϳϱ
˭뵽۵ĳϱȻܰˤڵϡ
ɩҲʶΪϱֿ϶ǳŽ̵ģզϱأ
ɩһ
ʹ໽УӰųһЩ
Ӱͬ־˵ƼŰӣɶʱģҪ֤ݾóҪϹƱƣ
ֳίί˵ͬ־ҵǸôǸģûиܵͬ־һ⣬ǸҲܣ
˵ֳɩӵͬ־ܸŰӣܸˣҾͬ־˼ʮ⣬ʺϵʦһҲ̺զˣѺӴզ죿ԺҪޣҿɲȥλͬ־̣
ԭɩӾȵʦûϵɳϱ⻰˵Ŀˡ
мɩӵĺӾȰϣɩҲԼӱȽᣬɾĻ˿ɲࡣ
ίɫΪ˵ѴֻӰίҪλͬ־ԼȥСѧ飡
֮ǰӰǾϱƴˣⱲʱڼͥϣȫҪȵɫƣͲ
ίҲ˵˳ϱϹأⲻԸȥ飬ί۾һǽһӭ
֮ǰίǹ˼Ļˣԥûпȣܸ£ίҲʮֲϲ
һ֪͸ĵĻᣬû뵽Ȼ鲻ϵǸ
˵ϱѧȻأίϲɫͬ⣺ɣ¾ôˣ
ȸջʹίͬҪʧ롣
ղŲϵǸƶίῪίͬӰ˼ҪǰǽһڣĶˣŴµҲͬ⣡Ҳͬ⣡
Ȳͬ⣬ίҲûͬӰȥѧУʱ䣬˹ȥ
ɩߴɩȴֻĲС
Ҫ֪ûٵҫԼбҵȥСѧѧ󣬸ǲ˷۵ףƽֻ۾ͷϣ˲֪ھСѧ顣
ڽǶ£ҲȳﵱףǰãҲھСѧʦԭ򣬹ѪĶˡ
ǲܻһⲻⱨӦô


102 
,Ӱȴ֪Լ˦ƻˤĴھˡ
󲿷˶ĳϱô뺷ʱ򣬱ϾƽӰ˭Ц,Ƣʮֺãۣϸ
۵ףӰԵЩȹǼܱȽϴ,žͱȳϱʵˡ
гͻ,ԿҲӦǳϱǣ
⴫һ,󲿷һʼţⲻί
ȷ,ھɩڲЩ䶯,۷׷̸¡
ۼϱզʰȵҲ׷ĳ,󲿷ɩһ಻òš
,ҵ,ϱô뺷˲¶࣬ѹƲ
ǲ֪ȱżϱʰĶңҵʹ߲
Ҳ̫,˼Һúֶ,ƫƫҪȥٱżҵŰӣ˵Ƽˡ֪ѹûӰ£
Ҫǳϱ,ôﲻݺʰһͨżҵĲŹȥ
󲿷ɩǻվӰߣʵϱŰӵԴ,Ҷ,ɾٱϱҲһ⡣
ҲԣٱʱȻ˵ƼϱŰӣɶɶԹϡ
ⲻ,Ҳ˵զġ
иͬߴɩɩӵ֪£ϱ֮ǰȿ۾õһ֦ǰŶҲãԴӳźͳϱƳϱǰ۳øȵù
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˻һ˵꣬Ҳ⵽զ£϶ǷżҵıȲֲıѹһͷܵĽͻȻϱԣⲻ˻ˣԴһȥٱˡ
뵽󷭳ˣϱѹûŰӣǺӿɺˣǻ˵Ǻرϱίҵء
úðֶôãȻôżҵûƢñƢ
ڻ֪ȱ£۷׷ס
˵żҵզô벻ںúõĹûˣ
˵Сѧʦһ¹ʾдʮиƱһǴһٿٿ飬ҵ죬ַۣżҵιȥ
ˣżҵ˵Ҷίϱ˵ģŵģ
զҶίϱ£Ҷίϱϱ˱ֶϸܣ
ҶίϱҲ˵۲˵ģûɶϵ
ܸٱشִ
￩첻ͣ
֮ǰ걻ҧʻûţýڷˡ
ôصĴ֣ҶЩס
Ů˱ߺ˼ˡ
һû˯ţһӰŮȡ֮Ρ
ӰŮŰӵ±֤ʵ󣬳žͬ飬ͻũ壬ӰŮ˶󣬳žǲᣬԸ޸ţ׳ˣޡ
ֻһҹȫڽί´ȴֺӰ
ڻӰŮ˾ȻûŰǺӡ
ȥֻܹԼоŮĻ̫
ҲЩ̲סæզ£֮ǰĵ˵˾ҶϱŰ˳ܲǺô
ȵĴ´һ̶Ҳ˾ҶϱŰӵ³ʵࡣ
˾ҶϱѹûŰǺӣ֮ǰֶŮĵ˵˾ϱŰ˺ӣ
ϳԼ˵ˣСã϶ŮĻ̫ˣҪǹøи԰׷ĹֶҪܺúô
Ҷί׶׹ŮԸǻҶίʣһ԰׷Ĺܺúõ
ҲԼ˾ó˾ǶϱܶԳܲǹӺã뵽ôũܸϾ˾Ҷӣֶζȵˡ
ҲΪ˾ϱĻ̫̫ء
֮ǰĻοСãŲţŮʱ뵱ˣŮһóŰѳܲǹߣ˵˺ȹԼλãͻóŰѳܲǹߣ
ҲͬĻҪʮ֮˾Ҳôɡ
˵СãôӰŰӵ£˭֪˵ģ֮ǰίҲʹ㣬϶ˣ˵¾ȴֺͽˡ
Ҳ˼ֻ֣ǼֶŮƺų˾ҶϱԺλЩĵ㲻ỹȳŰɣҪСûǸҸõĶŮͬ־զȵ𣿡
껰䣬űƿƼſվɫѿҶίҶŵɫˢĶˡ
ҶίĲȻŭҶû뵽Ȼѻĳϣλϱ»˵Ĳ롣
Ҷ޳ܾˡ
ҶίĻղų֤֪˾ҶϱŰӵϱɵģҶίš
ĶԻҶίﻹɶˡ
ԭϱŰ޽¼ҵ⣬ֶŮҲû޽¼ҡ
Ҫû飬Ҳ˵ɶˣɳŶˣǵ°ܻ
ֲøղų˵ϣλŮͬ־ֶ̫ڡ
ԭ⣬һӵҶίֶŮĲ㱳ȥ
Ҷæס֡
ջҶίû˵ĻҶίĺ޲ñģֶŮŵĲУæҶô£ô£
Ҷôզ£ҸҰԭȻϳţſɽˣǽţⲻǵ°ܻɶ
°ܻĸ֣ǰڣ޲˺ҶۼҶίɫԽԽѿæװøǵģǵġ
ҶίҲ뵽ֲøʦϴһֱͬ⣬ԭǶԼ޽˾һûġ
ҶίҲɶͣ꣺˾ҶϱŰӵɢģ


103 
Ҳϣ治,ҶҲۣҲŸ˼,û˵ɶˣɶ㻹˽ô
˵ۿȺ
ЩҶλװ,ҪûгŸղŵ֤,ֿ϶ԥ˶ԷĹ
Ҷòп̫ǸŮץ治ɫװ޹
һֱ治λ衣
֮ǰҶֶŮզϱȥ,ԭȢϱ֤λŲġ
ҲæԼС÷ϵø治СɢԣСֻ˵˼š
Ҷί,Ҷίһ﷢Ļš
ֻҶίٸһλᣬ˾ϱǲɢģҪǻ˵ʵؾ
ŲԸ뿪,Ҫ뿪ԺҶί鵭,Ҷίô죿
µĻǵ뿪ҶίͬӺҶԽԽܣԺҶû֮,ŵæɫףһʱЩԥ
꽻,ƶҶίû֤ݣϡ
ʮҶίɶˣҪǽҶί֪ǵλ,ӰŮ˵Ҷίʮ֮˾Żͻؼ뿪
뿪ζŰŮȡ֮ƶûŰӣԺԼĺӿ϶ѳܲǹߵġ
Ҫ뿪ɶᵱɶδ׳ˡ
ۿͨǰװĿɤۣһֱźꡮСá
ûӣһֱԼ׹ŮҲʮҶίΪˣԥƬ̣ܿϣҶ治ңǸű˼䣡
ҲԩֶŮϣֱҶίޱ˵ţϱ֡
ţɩӡһ䣬ŵֱ£վЩվסϵѪɫһһȥɷɷף
Ҫ֪ţɩλɩӣΨһȱְ̫ԣԵֶŮɢԵʱ򣬵һϵѡţɩӡ
ֶŮĺܺã͸¶ţɩӣţɩ죬öã϶֪˾ϱŰܲ⹷ӵ¡
ʵϣ˽͵͵ţɩ˵꣬ţɩӹȻûöþͰŰӵԴ˾֪
ֶŮʱʮָˡ
ʱֶŮ±¶Լص˵ôţɩӵ죬ڸ֪ţɩӺ󣬾غ濴Ϸ
ԽԽңֶŮʵûס⣬ȥ˵˼䣬Ƽ
Ȼǰ˼䣬Ҳ˵˷żҵĸ˾ϱĲã˼䡣
ֶȻȥٱӰ˹ҧûȵҧʱΧһȺۣŸҰȼ䡣
ֻ֪ҧίһʻʱѪ
굱ʱûţϾôۣҲ⵱ɶֻ֪ʾԵֻ̫࣬Ժ˼䡣
û뵽Ҷί֪ţɩˡ
βƵҲŵĲУҲȷҶίû֤ݣ֪¡
ŵĲ̱ڵأ޲ȥ
ҶίɫԽѿԽֶŮԽ£嶶ľ͸Ҷӡ
ƼҶί䵭ŭɫһͷǧøʹȳҶίжεøСãСöΪң֪һֱϲţԲΪҳ⣬СãҵĴ
Ҷ޵ʮֿΣʵζƸ꣬
굹û룬Ͼ⣬ΪԼֶŮ˵ҲҶίͻؾæҶҴˣҴˣҲǲô˾λȸ˵Ķƾɶλͬ־˽ĺԵ
ȻָӰԵ⻰Ҷһɻ󲻴˽ҶίȴĿɿڴ
ûǴѹûͬ˾ҳףڵ¼ҿܳµʱ˻ƲϵԸͬ¼ҴϹϵ
жԵ
⻰Ҳ˵ĳ
ҶίǣЩһֱΪǸʮˣεºͽԷĻҶίʮʧ
ҶίüҲóϱԵ
ﵱȻҲô룬Ͽ϶˵ҲøԼǸֻͼˣֻŵøҴˣĴˣϱûԵֻе㲻ģҶԳŵһϲʱ¼ҳ£ҲǣۣСðȥ¼˵ףСǣңûȥ¼Ҹ˵ף¼û£СöʮΣҼ޸ţСãСöΪң
˵ߴʹޡ
ҶίⱲľǲȸˡ
Ƽ˾ҷ޾ˣһ¼ҳ£޲Ʋϵ
˾û£뵹ȥҶί;̫ҪȫƷ⡣
ôõ¡
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ǸʮֺõĽڣæҶҵĴҵĴҺ˽ŶõĶ󣿵զϹ˽ĺԵأΰһֱģ
СãĴͬûɶԵ֣
ֶŮ۴ޣ޵ʮֿ
Ҷίһ䣬Ҳţκȷʵȥ¡
굱Ժھ˵ˣҲʾҶίſھıҵġ
Ҷֻ˽λŮͬ־ǲͬʹֺƷ¡
СʱԺסһʱ䣬ֻЩбְλߵĺ棬һ֪Էûɶǰ˺ˣҲʮֲϲһ㡣
Ҫǳ˾ҳ£ƷУʮ֮˾ǣԼԸͬ˾ҴϹϵ
ҶίȴƶֶŮƭû˵ܿɫŻһЩ
ҶίɫһЩٽҶҺͽ֪ˣҲǶ⺢Σ⺢˭Ըޣ϶ţ̫Ƿ¡
ſųСöԲ㣬ҪСõģ϶ܼ޽¼ңС۽խ۽С
Сã治㣬ҸûԵ֣ʹ޵
ҶۼԹֶŮ»СС»ˣɫԽԽæ֣˵ˣ֪ŶˣģĨڳϱŰӣҲ̫ˣ
ֶŮҶ
ֻôû뿪뿪Ҷ磬϶ܿͱǣ磬ûùӳԡ
Ž飬ֶƻ鲻ģҶίȻʮֲˡ
ԭ϶Ʒܻͻ뿪ڳ¼ҳ»Ը˾ҳף߿һۡ
ԿԳ˾ҳŸ黹治ǳϾ˾ҳżƷࡢͬһȵĻûС
Ʋʦϴֻ˾ҳţֻϧûԵ֡
һʱҲ⣬ƻ°ܻ
Ҷίϲţø⣬Ҫǳû飬øҲǣߣżȻѾˣͱˣҪǸٴʲô⣬Ĳǣ
˵Ҷίصؾɨ۸մֶŮ
Ҷίһɨ껹ﶼͷƤ飬ֻҶίһתøѡ񣬵һøͻңؼҰַҸ󣡡
⻰ŵĲУʮҪôͻңȻسǣҲмˣҺöѹܡ
ŵĶæøҲȥҲȥ
Ҳæ飺ҶҵĴֽ
ʱҶί˵ڶѡ뿪ҲɣһڹԹö˹ӣ˾뿪
ΪϲȴܿԼľøԸ׼ˣ
Ҷίֳʾϳ¼ŵǸ
껹ΪҶίĬ´»СС»ˣҶίŵǸ
Ժզ죿
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ΣߴɩȷӿǸʵʵڵĻˣ飬ˮƽɱȸڷżҵĸ̫ˡ
Ҫûȡ߿û׼ԺǴѧ
ȫĴѧû֪ѧڸߴɩıء
ǰߴɩóȢ̫иóȢײˡ
ҪǸ߿ûȡ׼ǸѧȢĵһѧ
ⲻߴɩ񶼲ˣر羴Ŀ⿴ӰЩ֡
ϣӣ̫ˣߴɩҲӸˡ
ջӿûȺãһֱڱСûСѧҲõˡ
ߴɩҲѸղȹĶЩɩЩСӡ
ղȾȻ˵ӿûã˵ɶɫرѿ
ߴɩڲ²ʮ֮˾ǶԷġ
˵͵Ըյ֪ɼµľ˽֪
ߴɩȲ뿴ȱˡ
֪ȱЩСӰҲȣʱ˵ķʵѹԷͳɡ
ɣɣղ϶˷żҵģҵȥ˺ú˵˵ߴɩҴҸӰ˵ˡ
Ӱ뺰ס˿ɸߴɩ̫ܵ졣
ʵϣߴɩ˵˵һ£Űһ档
ϣżҵһƿֻҪ̳ˣİϣ
ӹƽȣƽҲûɶģôİԣ֪ߴɩ༤
ϧߴɩһģղרȥѧУӦ˳˳żҵĿԿ˶ٷ֡
˵֪żҵѧƾȻ֣Уһȥ̳С
ȥѧУӦļɩǶˡ
⻰У˵ģɩӵȻš
ⲻһʮʮ٣ûȶã֪żҵпȻЩ߷֣˫֣Уȥ̳ˡ
䶯ˣ
֮ǰȹĶļɩڲף鲻ǳżϱĲã˼̫͵
ȸղžȻڿ˵żҵıĻĨˣƤҪҪô
żҵôһҪھ̫ùˡ
Ȼ
Ϲеĸбҵǲһίϱϱ
ǸҲСĵط˴ˣʹķз
֮ǰɩǻǾóϱ䲻ϳŵģڲ˵ɶỰˡ
󲿷˶Ҫûȡ߿żҵ׼Ǵѧ
Ȣ˸ôϱײˡ
ɩۡ
ܼҶҼҶۡ
ܼ
ʦӵ֪ºó۹ʵǺá
ʦˡ
ӵû뵽ϱôܣզôأҪûȡ߿˵ϱܿϴѧ
˵ԼϴĻ£ϴһֱûһĲ
˵ڶȥ¸ϴҶϱˡ
˵һͨʦҶ׹Ůͦģǰⲻӵۼôզ
ӵǺҲźҲ⣡
ӶҶû֮ǰôˣϴͦģֶ֪ŮҶί׹Ůûϣﲻ
ʦҶҽһͨǺ֮ǰΪۼϴҶֶŮҪˣŲԸ⣬࿴࿴զ
ʦȻҶί׹Ůϱ
ʦôһ˵ĽҲûˣ
ϴ飬᲻ͬ⡣

ίϱϼһؼҺ˴żҽп£ⲻҲ˵Լôпڳϱ˫ٷȷʵġ
дƪ»УԴ֣ϼص˵˳żҵֻһСʱԾ֡
ɩҲˣϣϱ̫ˣҵϱ۹Ҳ̫ˣ
ί֮ǸˣԾԼ۹ãóϱȽ顣
Ҳò˵żϱҲ̫͵ˡ
ҪûֳȾٱ£ƻء
ίҲȣϱɩӣżҵľȻı㻹ã
ϼǸˬʵӵҿɱȲϳżҵģǷҿѼУ˵Ҫûȡ߿żҵ׼ܿϴѧ
ίһҵһһҶڴѧֵĺ
ܼҺӰˣҶ͸һЩҶίҶҲźͳϱˡ
Ӱ˫ٻҪȥ̳Уֲܣֱ첻ۡ
ǶʼɵӶˣӰԽ㣬Խ
ԽʼɣһŻ磬Ƶָܲһʹ
꣬ԭǸ˾ҶϱûɶԹƫƫҪҶھ
ټ֮ǰԼֶŮ޽˾ңͲó˾ȢŰӵĶϱٺ滹ֻ͵˾һ飬ֶŮõĶ
˾ǶϱԽãԽŰӵ´ǽӡ
Ը⿴ų˾ҶϱԽԽòŹȥ
ûס˵Ựɶ˾ϱҲ̫ͷˣ
ԳϱʮкøֳмҶίԼϱ˵ϱһỰ
ҪȥżҵĵǸ
ɫһ䡣
զˣؾҶί
˵ɶҶί࿴Ķզߴ㶩¡
ȻֶŮ޲˳¼ң껹ԼֶŮȥʦңҶҾʦͦģ
һʦңҶίҶЦꡣ
ҶίǲԸ޸ʦ֮ǰȥʦһֱͬ⣬ŰʦϴܸԼҹŮ
֪ҪԼҹŮʦϴִʦʲô˼
ǰҶί겻Ӻã׹ŮԼֶŮϣƫԼֶŮ
ֱ˵治һǰָӵĹƻˡ
ĻҶίɫﰵãҶίн١
ԺҪСúҶίҶίСн٣æøҾŸ䣬ҲȥܼңǧСãСҲǶ̫ˣ
ҲļŻ¶βͣҶίԼƫԼֶŮæ͵ҶҲ⺢ʵ̫Σų˾ϱųŹԽãԽΣʦҲָˣŸرģ˵䣬ȴͲƲҶʦһƲҶֿµҶɵøҸö󣡡
ֶŮôʶȤҶίҲͲƽϸղŵ£ҲԼղˣ֤Ҹö
ȴ㡣
ٺõĶҲûг˾ҳôá
ʦ׶Ʋϣϱʤ컹Ķ
˵ҪҶίСõĻ˾ˣԺɲ룬ҶίҲԲ顣
ʵڲãȥҸÿֲǾٵĶ
ԺҪ飬Ҷίͬ⻹Σ
ӰŮװĺܺãɵԼĺԺ󣬿϶ѳܲǹߣĿ¶ˣſ϶顣
ʱҶίټ޸Ųɶ¡
սѵĳȻҲӾɩǰе֪ϱп߷˫٣Ľѧ¡
ţϱզôզģίϱķȲϱ
ⲻ·Ա߼ɩ˵Ҫûȡ߿żҵ׼ܿϴѧ
൱Ȣ˸δѧ
Ҳû뵽ϱܿôãСѧĽѧˣΪȣԵò
ʤ졢Ծ漸æզ¡
ȵ֪ϱȥѧУпίϱϼôóɳԾɳżϱƾȻ֣Сѧп߷֡
ʤ졢Ծ漸궼ˣȵϱǶл𾪡
ʮ⼸ʦпߵʮ֣ʮֶûϣ֪ϱ˫ٶ𺳡
ⲻУֱóϱĽ̳ˡ
ֱҪ̫Ľţ۹Ҳʵ̫ˡ
ɩ͵͵ۣҪȡ߿ôһѧզܱ˳
üĿȴͬ桢ʤ졢Ծ˵˼䣬첽﷽ߡ
ķȻҲɩӵۣɫʮѿע֮ǰ첽뿪
ʤ졢Ծ漸ע⵽ȾܵķȻﻹͦͬġ
ǰ귽ϲűȣδαѹû뵽ϱҲһ
˵ηϱΪʼѹɩһͷصоٱϱ
Ҳ֪ͬϱȵķżҵզϣ
һ·ֵظҡ
ʵϣڻ֪ӰĽ̳е£ΪȼɩȥѧУӳȥ飬һãҲˡ
ſڶæȻԷ
ȻûȣȴȻһϢ˵Һܻܿؾˡ
Ȼ̧ͷ
⼸Ϊ£Ȼʮֲ飬ڼ÷Ȼ֪ӰпѹûãѧߣҲȲ
ȴʱʮֵӰпɼһһ˵ͼӴ׵Ȼǲ֪żҵûãɫжѿпһҲҳ˵ԼϹôզɼȲϳбҵңҿ˵ԼϹоǺģγɼզίµ̨
Խ˵Խ⣬˵˵£á
żҵûãզ˵żҵĳԾ֣УĽ̳ˣ
ܣܣȼС
ȻʾҪԼȥ£Ȼ˵ĵһûȴֱ˹ȥ


106 
ڳ¼ԺӰԼпھȻ󲨡
˵,ֲǸ߿ûɶ˵¡
ѧѾʮ˲ˣټп߷֡
УСѧĽѧ,Ҷ۳żҵǸбµ,ҪȻܽѧ
֮ǰȵƲ,ԽԽۣھ𼫴ĺ䶯ۡ
Ӱڼһ˼
ӰѾˣ,һཷһ㡣
ɩӸˣݶӰõһ̨
ͷߴſרע,Ӱû룬˰˶ϡ
˲˵ʱӰѰϴкõ˺ʹõϣȹͣ,ͼ㡣
Ӱÿӳһ,ζرóԣµĿҪ˲˳ȥ
˵ͳɤ
Ӱÿּһιߵζզ
콫ϱιˣʮζ,óԡ
ζҲԵϰߣһζʮֲ,ϲԡ
Եϰô˳Բϰˣû˵ûģҪ˳Բ,ԺͲˡ
óԣĴָ
ӰһϲԾͳɡ
ˢʱӰȥڰѺӴղźӷѧջؼң߼ֵܴȥڸ߼ˡ
ȥӺӣˢùӰȥϴͷ
ͷֳֶ࣬ʮѸɣڸɴ඼ڷǰϴͷϴ衣
˰θ¶ˮӰ͵͵̳ǶһϴˮϴͷҲץ
ʱڰƽسǰٻڵǴӴнʮְǸϡһҪ󼸿Ǯ˼Ը
֪ٻɴ̳ǶһһԼ˺ͺϴ衣
ӰϴͷݣԼҺͬ˵һһСݡ
󲽹ʣϴͷ
ӰݣͷȳԷϴͷ

Сܲ˷ܵߵԺſڸ˵߱Ȼղڸ߼Ժʱŵ˼رζ
߼Ҽֵܻɶء
ܲҸ˵ۼϳ㣬Զˮˣһؼңƨˣ
ߴɩʮֲӰ´οԴԶԷ
ܲͷ
СۼҵĲˣȸԶرر㣬Զ˵ۼҵĲζ̾΢٣ܲܿԶ˵Ҳ⣬ҪۼϴôóԵɡ
Ȼܲûɵĺζ۾Ӱʾпոɳԡ
ܲСǲõЦݣı
ӰհϴһˮˣùưˮҺˮ
ѹưһԣûųԷϱϴͷóܲȥԡ
ӰҪ˸ϴͷڶ飬ȥԡ
㣬ĺԼԵͷ㺢ȥԡ
ܲȴСҵԷ
˵СҲҪָӰϴͷ˳ˮۼֿס֡
ɫһüĿ͸ϣˮĳܲСһƳԹ
ӰֻüӿٶȳϴһͷøëסͷˮˣӰӺһȥݳ
ϵĲ˻ʮģ㻹ȵģӰûйͷ⡣
ܲһڰ׷һԵĹģԵĿˡ
ĿϱϧӰעںϣǹһᣬĿһֱûŲ
ӰæҲһ⣬ˣܲСϲң
ûСӷ۵ףĿϣĿֱҪ̫ȣ˳ʵûʲô˵ģ
Ӱ˵ɶ
ѵ۲ۣӰ߳Է˸⡣
ûأʵпһֱڼ
ӰͷС԰˵ݣðѲݰˣ
пôʡ
ɣУһȥѧУ飡Ӱͷ
ӰпֲǸ߿ûҪµľ˽֪
ɣɩ˵ƿ˫֣Ӳʻ
ӰֻΪǸߴɩģеܶɩӶ֪զ˶֪ˣ
ߴɩҲ̫ˣ
ûп˫ΣϾһصѧҵԾãҲ̫˵ȥ
΢٣Ӱ򵥰ѽίҴϱôԾպÿĲУСѧý̳С
⣬һʮ38Ʊ
⹤ʻͦߵģҲͬˣҽ̳ô
˵ʵϱпɼڳ֮⣬ûܿôߵķ
ɩ˵ģҪûȡ߿ϱʮ֮˾ܿϴѧȢ˻ûôס
ʮֺã黹ǴﶼԼ
Ӱͷɣ
пտȥߣϱھѾ˴
Ӱû룬ֻΪԷͬɩǶ߶߶ͷ
ֻǽԷĿʱʱϣ˿Ŀ͸͸ζ
Ӱ
ȥϴ롣
Ӱȥϴͷϴ衣
ϴͷϴ軻·
ӰúȥǰԺ棬Լȥ·Ҫϴ裬СԺ⴫
ûãܲСлŮˣ
ӰæȥҶίܲһŮˡֵĹЦɫѿ
ӰҶίôҡ
ܲæܵӰǰҪӰ˱Сһ͵͵߸״ҲϲŮˣŮ˺ǸŮһģ
Ӱ²⺢˵һŮӦ
ܲ˵͵͵״ɸ״һ㲻СҶίˣȴ˾һһ䡮Ůˡɫࡣ
֮ǰ⺢Ӳһ㣬ô
ֲСӲϲٺŰã
굱ͬ־զѳ˾ӽ̳ɲɣ֮ǰ˾ͳ·˿ҰæźӣѺӽ̳Ҷ˾ͳ·˽
ԷŵëӰ治ɫȥҾҼҺͦõģλͬ־ʵ벻֮ͨǰҼҺڸɶҶ˽֤ˣһΪźƻҸ˾飡
걻ƿ飬Ȼܳϣ⻰ֶŮ
ֶŮ׼æΧ˼ۣΧûɶˣһæżҵģ⻰ɲ˵ҼֶŮ࿴ƻͳž顣
Ӱɫм־ȣϴݺ˳Ÿ״Ҷίڣɶ֪ǰŮͬ־ԩ˶ɡ
ҶίҲ֪ϱֶŮѻĳһֱģɫҲϻԹԵǸ߳Ӱ¼ϱҶû̺ϱ£
Ҷίص˵ΪɢŰġ
Ҷί˵޵ݣһԸһСǸ
ǿߵǰҶίͷĿϡ
˾ȻСһ֣һֱͦλλ˾λԸ̫Įദ
ٳûǸҶίɫҲͷвǲؾ
ŵĽӲæһ˿ЦݣӰ¼ϱӵĴӲú˵ɢҥԣҲģҼһֱ˵Ƣرã϶ܴ˲С˹ԭӣ
Ӱ۾ԼˣͻȻ࿴ҶίϱҲǸȻӦ˵ֱʡ
ҶίڣӰöʣҶίϱҲ̫ˣûһⲻ˵Ҷ˵¡
֪ǽŵľٶʮ־ֲŴɤŵҶӣƢòøûɶϵʸûɶԹҳҲһֱͦǰҶûҵҥҶӣھɶԹҥ
ֻ£·ƪ֪ɶɳ˾ϱɤžɫʧɫæΧ
Ӱ꾪ű۵ףЦȴɤ֮ǰ˶ΪŰӣҿûңҶӣôһƮƮĻҽҹͽҹ
ϱӹӣԭϱϱҶίϱ·磬۵׶˼Ц⣬ܲ۾Ӱ
ҶίʮΣ˵Ҫǳϱ¹ŮҲ֪զ˵ŮӸ׽
˭뵽ϱǰŰôһæϱϱֶŮȻ˼ǽǣƻ顣
Ҫͬ࿴˼ˣҶίھ
Ȼͬ࿴ˣҶίҲý»
ȴҪ֮ȸڸߴɩʳɶ£ʧɫ
ػֻ˾ϱȸ״ɩӣû£֮ǰһֱΪȴҥԣ˭֪֪ԭҶ紫ҵҥԣ
Ӱһʮĵģ˸״ߴɩ񶼱ˣǰڣ˹ȥ
Ȼ֮ǰȻҧ꣬һֱ˵Լҥ˵ġ
ɩǶˣȻ۹ɶûɶӰ졣
Ҷίϱԣ¿ȫһ
ҶίڣӰҲ̫棬ߴɩⲻҶҵǸģ
ߴɩ۾һҶίڣҲ˵ɶôһɱﲻסӰӣɩȥˣ
ƽãҳϰȥ˵˵ԡ
Ӱö룬֪ߴɩ׼Ǹ˰ȥˡ
Ӱ뵽϶뵽ȸߴɩҴߺ뵽ߴɩָɢ˾ҶϱԵ´ľ˽֪ϵѪɫһһȥĻ޲ʹȥˡ
֮治ʵʵǸ
˼ߴɩ֮ҪɶǱˣӰҲʮ֡󷽡ƽˣҶӣȻ˲ûɶ£ҶίҶίǧҶӣ
ҶίԽΡ
ʶȴѪó˾ȢϱĻ̫װˣʮֺڸղŵ͹ˡ
뿪ǰҶίָмæŮھ£˵Դ˵ԼҹŮŮզˣ˵ֵҲԸ׽ˡ
£Ҷίǳм־̾ҪʱԣԼϱ˾Ҷϱҥ̫֣ڶúŮ˵ɶ
ĿƵƵϱ͸˼
ҶίʮԼҹŮͬ˾Ҷϱһ𴦣ָԼҹŮϱദԽԽ£¼ϱҪпտȥҼദƢൣ㣡
ҶίԺɶֱһֱʾϱȢʵǺãͣ޳۹ⲻҲӰʾѾ˾˺üݿлĵ籨
ӰĿɿڴ
һζû뵽ԼҶͬ׽г˾ϱֱʣҶί˾Ĺο˾ϱĵ籨
ղѪۣһζϲ²ȥһһۣɫ࣬
ƫƫ뿪󲻾ãҶί޵˾ϱûȢĻֿ㣡ϱȢĿãҰھպüм⣬ü¼ңٸ˾ķݵ籨ʳ˾۹ҲզôãȢôһĻؿִ󷽵ϱ̫иˣҪȻղ˼ҸղɶƽϾԭ㣡
ģ۰һֱȥ
һΣҶίһæȥҽҡ
¼ԺһӰ鲻תͷһһСĿת۾
Сһ۾ǰĿǾͽһ
ӰⲻղŸҶίϱȰ͵Уһʱαװ
ҶίֶΣ˿϶Ҷίϱѽ󰡡
ӰҶ˵Ŀ⣬ɴСһС۾ôɶҸղ˵ɶô
ܲãҡͷָ˵СǻŮˣǻŮ˻Ǹˣˣ
ĻֶΣڴԺôʮģûֶҶܱɨس뿪Ժ
ԸղڳҶίϱԿæ֪Ȼһ㲻Կ˿һѣɫࡣ
˵ʵҶϱ˵ھ֪˵£һûٺģ֮ĻΪҶϴĵ籨Ըлϱ
󣬳ͦϱ׸Ҷ˵ɶզھһӰѾĸ¿һҶȫ˵ˣҶί׽
Ҷίôмϱ
п˫ٵ»ҶøıҶί̬ȵ£ԼǰԶԶ̫Сϱˡ
̫ȣӰæ˸ϴĽڡ
Ӱȥϴ裬ȥ裬ӸڴϣԸ档
ӻطʱӰӺ˯ϣֲÿˡ
Ӱڴ߽˯ˣԼƿϴ˯һԣƿϴ
Ӱ˯Ĳȣ˵Ҷί۵ĵ籨˵ɶû΢٣۾ֳʵҶίզ˵ģҶίϱǸλͬ־׼ǲɵģ


107 
˵ʵ,λŮͬ־ԸţϾλλŮͬ־˲һִš
֪ģ˯,߸ʾò,λŮͬ־˼,Ҷί˼ȴû⡣
֮Ҷί֪Ůͬ־ǽǵ¡
ֲýλͬ־ǲͼƻ飬Ҷίɫʮѿ
ȻҶί֪£ӰҶίƻ£һ
ͬĹϵ,ԷƱؿҶίϵھõĶ
ҲǼãǾƷ⡣
һŮͬ־ϲλͬ־֪˼ҽ飬,λͬ־ôһĻ»λĨƷɶ
ɱ˾λͬ־
ӰԽԽѣеȣ뷭˱̫
,ϵָ,еŲ˵ֱۡ
˯ţ˳ͻȻʡ
еȣֱŲ㣡ƽʱ,˱˯Ҳ˵ɶ,еȣţӰܲס,ֱſ
˯ţʵ
ɤƽҲƽͳֱҲûŲ΢ٵĺӰϡ
֤ôЩӣӰҪˣٲҿԹԱ˯
Ӱ˵ѹɤЦͳЦ˺ʵǻߵϱһΪҽû㣬˯ţ
ӰסһҶװ˯˴˯
˯֮ǰӰýСһ£ô˯Ͳȣ
ʵϣ治ȣ˯˯š
ĩӲȥѧߺһ߼ֵܹ档
־Զֵǵɽˮɽ髸⣬־ʵ̣׼ȥժɽ髣Ȼܸɽˮô
ӰȻͬ⣬ͬ⣬׼ͬһȥһȥ
ܲɸˣƯİ˷ܵĺ˵ģ־ԶҲˡ
־ԶҲؼ𣬱Ӱסʾ𹻴ͬ⡣
Ӱĸɽ־ֵָ·ܲܵǰͷ˷ץС֪·һߣҴߣ
ɣ
ӰĸϺɽʮעĿټڿǾˣ˭֪һҪ̳ˡ
ɩǶĻʮ𾴣ⲻ·ɩк
кھеļɩӶӰر飬ǲûˣûС
Ӱһһָܾлһ
вǲһ紫ԣҶίϱզǸģ
Ӱһ֪ߴɩġ
ʻ˻ɩӣɩڶԳżϱĲУֻ꼶ɼһֱզ
Ļġ
ɩӶӰ顣
ӰҲ˾üߣһǣ߳ɩӵҲ֪һҥҶӣҶҲѾҵǸˣ
Ӱ仰ʵҥüɩ˵һ۷׷ס
ߴɩ˵£һŰɡ
û֮ǰһֱԼֻҥ˼䡣
ʱԷֻˣżϱһ֣Ҳˡ
ɳϱô˵ˣɲôҲš
ʦƭˣ
ҲƼҶίԴȥż
ԭߴɩ˵»
ɩᶼҥľȻҶίϱ
ǻҶίϱզͻȻϱҥɩһ䡣
Ӱ̾һ˵ڶ֪ҶΪɶҪҥҸҶҲûɶԹΨһìܾǰЩλͬ־ҲҶֶŮҼҺߣ˵ҼҺɶҪģûˣ
ɶ
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ɶλͬ־ѺߣǰЩҼҺ˵λͬ־Գܲˡʱʱǳ
ɩӵĻɩм˼ǳɩû룬Ϊﲻһ
Ҳмɩ룬ɩӾһλ
λͬ־ö˶ϱѺߣԳܲǺʮֺãɲźͳϱϵô򵥣ڳǰˡ
ټҶίϱĨ˵£ɩӲò롣
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Ӱʶ˵ֻһ棬ҶֶŮ˵ˣ
Ӱ㵽ΪֹüɩǷǣԶ˲ͬɩӶ˵ˣһߡ
֮ǰǸԼҺϴһҼҺӸЩ˿ɲһ׵ҵλµʦģȫķ׸ңտӶûʱ䣬Ҫ⺢ܸҡҲǱľˣҼҺӻ˵ԺҲҪСһľˡ
ӰļɩӸ⶯ݣǰҲЩֹܲ⺢ӳģԼҺӱܲһļɩӶЩκͶݡ
ӰɩǣҲ˵ɶҶˣҶ
ҲҵǸˣҲûɶ£Ҷ֪ͳɣ
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ԭҶίϱֶŮôһҪĻɫҾ˵ɶȥСѧɢ˳ţƻϱѺߣ˼Ҳ̫̫ˣҶίϱҲɶöָδżҵԾֶָŮλأ̫Ҫˣޣ
мɩҲ֮ǰȥѧУɢǵ£ʱֵķз
ʱɩӶҶίλֶŮ̫ͷ˼ϳˡ
Ҿ˵ҶίϱָżҵĲܣզͻȻżҵҥԣԭôһ£ҶίϱֶŮ湻ҪģֶŮɶûɫ
˼ɩۣԭû˼ǳɩҲȻ׹
Ƴϱڻ֪ҶίֶŮϳţǽҪզôԭˣҪǳϱҷǵýԲҪĹֶŮƤ
һȺɩ˵˵˵굱¡
֮ǰˣҲû˵ɶһȺɩӿʼ굱ϵˡ
ԶӰѼɩӵĻУ¶Цݣɰ˲Ҳպζ
Ӱ׷ĸӣĸ·ժɽ髵ĵطԶںɽɽ£Сʱ·̡
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ɽ̫࣬ƽûժöɽ棬Ӱĸ·ɽ髡
־ֵرƤϣӰæֵ
ܲͰҲ˰Ҳûȥ
Сһﰦֻ̾ҳ͸ֵɽ髡
־ֵɽ髿ɸ˷ˣӰ̣öɽ滹϶࣡
̫ߣֵܲӰøߴɩֱʾǲһóԵġ
߼ֵŲ
־ʹһ㣬Ͳ˵ɶڸԶӰ
ӰСԶܵܲ̽ɲɣ
Զ
߼ֵʮԶһӰǣ߼ֵǰû
ϴҽԶ̳ܲ
Ӱڵڵɽ髷
εɽԱϴμֵܲժֺͷִӦñϴ𣬵ʱǺ«ɽ髽óԡ
Ӧϲԡ
Ӱɽ髵ʱ򣬸߼ֵҲ⼸ɽõĲ࣬µذæһɽ髣߼߳ԡ
εɽԱϴε𣬼Ҳһˡ
ҰɽҲ𲻵ȥɽҲûϴӰ¼ӳԻӣٳԣʾɽˮóԵĶ
߼ֵܺͳܲæɴۣбɽˮóԵģ
ĸ־̲סæʵ̣ɶɽˮóԵģ
Ӱ߼ɽ髱ʼӣԹǺ«ɽ髽û
ܲѧһͨӰǰæʣСǺ«ɽ髽óô
Զ͸ҲͰͿӰȻóԣҪǳ̫಻զ죿
Ӱ⻰ӵʱ͵ɽˣһڿӰɽ髣ͷҲۣӰëӲ
ܲϰˣ߼ֵպ̿ˣԺȢϱҲҪȢôġ
⼸ɽȥطӰҲø߼ֵˣֵֻó;վɽ髡
ڳܲ߼ɽ髱ŬѧѧˣӰע⻹ɽ髡
һ²Ǹ߼ϴ϶ģɰӰĲС
˴ɽ髣Ӱĸɽ·ֳɽа
Ͻ϶򣬵˲ڵ棬ӰһЩ߼ֵȴЩ̣ⶫ˻Ѱëóԣ
Ӱ˵ⶫȻѰǳǰʮӪóԵĶ
Ҳóԡ
δ𲻹ӰֻһЩ´׼񣬱߼߸ǺöҲóԡ
ⲻǳǰĿˮҪҲ˲ˣæһЩ
񣬵ʱ̸ǳԣӰ
ӿɸˡ
̫ԽԽɽľţ̫ɹզǣȳӣɹĴͷ󺹣¶ҲԽԽߡ
ӰЩڸղûɹ
Һɽףɽ򵥡
ɽֻ˶ʮӾ͵ˡ
·Ӱٺ˺öʮĹ
ܲ͸ԶǸ汦һֱʶ
־һʼҲ̲ɻɶȵֻ֪ܳܰڼ￴ֵܶɶȤˡ
Ӱ
ؼҵʱ򣬸߼ֵܱճŵĸߴɩץߴɩֵȥɶˡ
ȵֵ֪ܲȥժ˲ɽ髣óԵģߴɩֵƨˡ
ߴɩ߼ֵһԺܡ
ӰԼҺӸŸ߼ֵ棬߼ֵ˵ɩӣСԶֵܣȥժɽ髣ˣ˼ٺ˼֦ҪҪ
ɶҲ˳ԣߴɩʡ
Ӱ
ӰæˣԷżźÿ
ߴɩⲻˣÿɶãֲܳԣ
ߴɩֶɶѹȤ־ӿȽɻţ߯ˡ
ߴɩⲻɶզɡ
ߴɩЩ˼ＸСϴ͵ɶɲҼСҼϸ߶ر𰮳ԣⲻǰҼ⡣ֲըӣʱɵý̽ɩң
Ӱ΢Цû⣡
ˣӣ㻹֪緢ɶʱ˰ɣߴɩӰһθڣٱˣ˵ƻ顣
ⲻھ˶¡
ߴɩֵڲ֪ԭҶίϱ治ɶõģھۣҶίԭӣͱҶίϱϳԺˣӸҶίҲףֲõҶίת׹ŮûֻҶίϱһֶŮ˵Ҷίϱû˽Ҷţ


108 
ֶ֪Ůٱ,ƻ飬ǣҶñϳԺ£αƺƤ,ӰЦ,߸пɩǰٵ׵ĸ,á
һԺھҸöˣҲʡͬ־
Ӱؼҡ
ԺڼҿƿӲ廨
ٺϷ,𻨷ϡ
ζʮֺţԺӰŵζˬ
Ѱһ¨ʣɽ髵ľˮݡ
ȺӰ,ֶŮֱҪ̫
걻ձΣھҽҶί˵̫խɰˡ
ÿֶŮչ˺Ͱο
źתһЩ
֪ҽûñί,˵˾ٱֶŮƻ,ƵɫڲϲιȥɫҲ,ֻ־֣ŵĻ¡
ֶŮʮ౻ȥѶʻ,ĵűҶίؼҡ
ؼû£ɹֶŮھǳ׻ˣ
Ҫ֪,˵ƻ飬жͬ־΢һЩˮܰ˸ˡ
ƻñӿͷϣɩǵĿˮܰˡ
ҲûզùɩǶ֪ҥ˾Ȼϵ׶ٳˣҶұķλھԺӶϳԺ
ֻԼֶŮ˽ܸʦʵƫĵ¡
ֶŮǽ壬һ·ҵĳáֶŮĻɫһһҰѿ
˭ԸƻôñӿϣʹҶί״ﻰⰵʾٱƻĿ϶ӰŮˡ
øǰгţҴûɶƻ£ñզܿͷϣɶûˣզҶ󣿡֮ǰǲҾ˽飬ҲһģҶίΣԺӰŮŰӺü޽¼ңҸ˹ҲԸⲻġ
˼Ҹʸ̵ľٶ
ųСãӰŮ˵ԭ㣬ﻹǺ͵͵ٱ۰ɣ
ɣҲɾٱǹֶŮǲǳ˾Ҷϱ
˶ԷĺֶΣһ뵽Լھˣ˰ĵٳ˵զô񶾣Ѫ޲ֱȥˡ
ҲԼô겻ףҶίȵ˾Ҷϱһȥ˺ɽզٱǣ˵˼ؿĳĺܣ£
ֶŮҭһ£ҶίԳ˾ϱ۸̫ãѹûɹˣǸ¡
ôȥǸҶίҲڵ档
˭֪˵Լˣȵ¼ңһʼԸǸ֮ǸҲû⡣
ó¼Ҹھӹ
ָ˼ͬ־ԡ
ƻñӵ£׻˵Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪҶίʮ⻰ġ
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ҶίҲˣֶֻŮá
ҪûĨڳ˾ҶϱⱨӦô
Ҷί˵ֶŮⱨӦֶŮվЩվȡ
ʱҲԼǸ¼Ҹھ£һʱᣬڵĳӶˡ
ǺûҶίǸ꣬ڱ˵֪ɢ˾ҶϱԵ£ֶŮ
ֶŮ࿴զϣ
ҶίŭֶֻŮ⼸ֳӿٶȶ¶֤飬ҪȻԺҸöѡ
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Ҷίѧͦģأ
ѹѧ̫ľګʲߣ
Ҳ֪ѧũģ￴ũķѧҶѧũģϽû˵꣬걻Ҷίɫס
Ҷίû꣬ɶ뷨
ҧøһ
ѡҶίû˵ɶȴЩʧǰԼҹŮȲʡģҶίֶŮɶˣҲûһ֪֮
Ǵ˾͸ԼڵĴѲɻޱȷѧõģ
Ҷί֮ǰӸ˺öڷ䲻Ϸѧ
ԸҲá
Ҷίͷǣ
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·ѧҶί⡣
æҶղͬ⽿ɲܷڣ
ҲæøҶԷͬ־ûɶ˼
⻰ýҶŵķѧҲһԭλͬ־һֱûûͬͬ
ѧũģԼʮԼ¶ʮ˾꣬ѾӪˣ˵ǰ;ʮֺá
ѧͬ࿴һΣҲˣ˼˼棬ٳûͬ⣬˭֪ʹƻ¡
һ£»治ǿѨ磬ѧ˼Ҷί˵˲¡
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ȷѧҶίʾͬλͬ־ʣֶŮĿɿڴš
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ѧͬҶί˵˲ʣǴô
ӷһֱҶһͨ¶֪˵ɶˡ
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˵žЩԹֶŮ
Ҫͬͬʦϴ׵£Ҷ¡
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УҶٴ
˵Ļܼ˶С
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ŵĲУʦҲϴûͬ⣬һƲֶŮҪϰϴԸ⣬ָЭ
ҲԵñϴ飬ôһ°ܻƷĶϱܼҿҪ
ʦҲһֱŴߺӽ飬۹⣬ȴԼҶ۹⣬ⲻٴϴ¡
ȴĵͬϴҶί׹Ů࿴ŮҪҲǸõģզ죿
΢٣ӵҾð۹ⲻҪȻðϱۼһԸ
ԼҶӵ۹⣬ʦҲΰģҪȻզôһĻĺϱʦȻͬ⡣


109 
ʦþԱ֪ͨӴȥܼҳ,ӰǺ«
һǩϴɾɽ髵ѺβÿӶһִԲɽ髴
һ֧ǩԲɽ,ͮͮɽ髸Ư
¼ǰԺ,߼ֵܶڡ
߼ֵܺͳ֪̣ܲСڸóԵ,һɸˡ
־ܵ棬ԼسҪӰ
Ǻ«Ǹʮּ򵥵£Ӱȥ,־˵ãվŲæ
ںӶ죬־զǺ«ܿѧզ,
߹̨Žż⴮Ǻ«ֽŻͦġ
Ȱĳܲ߼ֵܱȽϷص㣬ʮָ,ʮһĸ־߻û,Ÿ˾ĺӡ
ӰʹͯĴȥһСʸ־վš
лл̣־
˴˰СʱǺ«ɫ,Ǻ«Ƶ
Ӱﻹиϻû,־ڴǺ«ʱӰ׼Ӿóǰ켯ϣȳζ
ȥԺʱ,Զͳܲľϴɽ髡
ߴߴϴˮ
ԶܲҫԼɳԣɺóˣϴҪҪȥҼҳҼɳŶϴɣϺóϺóˣ
ܲһҲŲҪɿ϶ûҼҵĺóԡС˿ɺóˣ
ܲⲻԼǰɶòָͷĸ򶼿ʿˮ˵ԶˣĿˮ
Ĳرóر㣡Ĳ˿ѳˣҵǶԣ
ԶͷĻܲԺɶòܲܶһڡ
ܲػԶϴ󡯡ϴ󡯰ͰͽиͣڵСڳܲǰ
ܲǿͷðɣʱ͵͵վҼſڣҸ㳢һڣֻһŶҼҲرģ
Ӱ
򣺡Ƥզô
ʱ廰ܵܣҵ˵ɵʱ̣ϴڣҼɺóˣ
ԶͷҼҵɿ϶óԣҵһ
С
̣
СֻۼƼӰͬ
ܲæ˵ӰϣӰۼֿסˣʪյģС˵ģ·šˮ
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Ӱˮˣøȥڸ߼ҸԶ·պӾϴ衣
ҲʮӰĻܡ
ӰҺˮѸԶܲ·ѹ⣬ںԺԼϴ衣
߼ϴûɶζϴģӰԼϴ
ĨݵĸԶԲ۾ܲúţϴɶ
Ҽҵϴˣϴرɾܲ˵߿Ŀİ衣
úϴ裬ӰϴӾó
ƤӵľУմӸڸԼҵܵ·ĸƼӰǸƤϣ۾ɵϴŴ
ԶӰƤӶᶯ
СҪϣܲ˷ܵ
ӰϾ͸Ͻϴ衣
ԭϴˮĳܲ͸Զˮˣӿٶϴ衣
ڳĸ־Ϊɶ£ȳӰһҲСƤϣ۾Ҳ͵صɴ󣬿ʿˮ
ӰϽ־ȥһС
ҵϣҵϣ־Ҫϣܲˣ·ҲҪܣԶҲܡ
Ӱæס˲壬·־ûȥϵݸܲ
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Զ۾Ƥ϶ŲˣϴϵģɺóˣԶĿָˮϴϿɺóԿɺóˣ
Զޣզ̼Һӡ
ֻóԵģϸϴԣϴ̾͸ϴһϳ
ԶԽԽĽ־ֵܶĽ̶Գܲá
ӰóܲϽһ룬һʱǷų
һϸгһһ飬ŸһẢӶҪӰɴÿӳϣڴø˳ȥݣһԡ
ĸԶȥˣӰø־ԼҺȥݳϡ
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ʱԶһվſڿУҫϿˡ
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ܲһɻϿɺóˣСզԣ
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Ӱһ£ҶίҶܼһ
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ߴɩҲԼӴܲȥ棬һˡ
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Ӱܲس¼ԺӣߴɩǾ̫СˣС̫ˡ
ԴסҸڣСӿռϴıˣɶö͹
СӶеĳԣСֵģ
ûãŻߴɩʣһϸ߳ԡ
ʮ־ȣզϣ
ϱֽʡ϶ϡ
ߴɩæԼСȥڳ¼ҳ϶ϵ˵һͨߵСӿһ㲻ӿǳԾͳԣСӻΪǲҪǮĴײ
Զڸǰҫ̼ϿɺóԿˣҳ˺ö飬ͶҲǣ̶ǿɺˣҪǺ«
ŶЩĽСӵĺԴӳżҰˣСӿûմռˣôϡĶΣǺ«ԣ
ϣöСӿã
Ҳͳ˵ã˭ԸôϡϸСӰ׳ԣӶһ顣
ڶԳϱӡĺõĲˡ
ҲҿϲˣԺҪȢôƯϱ
־ҲʾԺҪȢôƯϱ
ͯͯĸź͸ߴɩЦ
ߴɩôƯĻϱȢĺܣ
ߴɩԽóȢôϱײ˴
ߴɩãڶôˡ
ſϵʱ򣬸ԶˣСҧһڣ⺢Ӵչʱ򣬸ŵ⺢һζզô㣿⺢Ϳɶ
ԶҺϴϴɺˣ
ԶøߴɩţһŻ
ź͸ߴɩⲻ֪ӾȻϴ裬ߴɩⲻÿθ˵ζˡ
Ȼ
ź͸ߴɩϡر󣬴󼸿飬ߴɩ붼۵ĲС
ߴɩŵϸߣզԽԽӲģզȵС㻹Եõıȳﻹ󷽣Ȼҵ죡
û˵ɶҲôã˵£˵£ٴ󷽵ɩҲûַ
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ÿȢõǳţҪȻôϱĸѹס


110 
Ȼʦҳ,ӰɴǺ«ˡ
Ǻ«ʮּ򵥣ؼĻǰǡ
̳ʮֱ,ӰҲ,ֱʰһǵˮ
ǵʱ,
ϱôǷŹһζϱַнһ˽֪
һǻǺܹģƽվɩӼпһˮȾʮִˡ
ΪԼʲ,Ȼת߾ʱ֮ǰһЩɴвٵġ
ϱզ
ɨﴮһִֺɽ髣֪ϱ׼ǸóԵġ
һ³ܲС,пϱ⺢ãˣôÿ⺢óԵġ
ܲҲͲǺ«ŵ˰ǵζСһֲ,ӰСŽż뿴
̨,Ӱ⺢ӴսѺӱ
ܲöǣ
ӰմʪİԱ,߸˵Ȼȥʦҳ¡
ȥʦҳ£֪,ȽϺЩɽϱɽժģ
ȥɽˣ
Ӱͷšһϸɫ
ܲߴߴ˵Си߼ֵܼ˺öɽ髣˵СҪǺ«,Ǻ«ɺóˡ
˵Եģܲ˵Լղųϡ
ϾڳӰóһûУﻹгһһϣһ꣬ιϱߡ
ҳˣԸԣӰ
ҧһڣϺϲԣһڣ˻ʶιϱߣһڡ
Ӱһڣιûûճԣϱ治ϣԼϡ
ܲԲĴ۾ˣ߰ͰͿСеϣ
ӰιӳԣȻԲ¡
ɣ
ǰĲ࣬ӰôõıǺ«ڰõǽմʪİϡ
ɽ髻ǽζʮֺţܲҲٰͰͿСϣûԹǺ«ĳܲԺͮͮմǵǺ«ɺˣҪȥðմıǺ«
ӰĿС֣ڻܳԣٵȻᣡ
ҲǵһǺ«տʼЩǺ«һڹǽһһڰϡ
ʮǺ«ãӰԼɶʱȥʦҳ

ٵһᣡ
ȱǺ«ӰֽȰʮ崮Ǻ«׼ȥڸ߼ҡ
һͳӰҲͲǺ«ȥջӣ͹ȥ
Ǻ«һãܲˣƯǺ«͸ǽӨ͸ƯζҲ㡣
ܲеСտأƾӨ͸Ǻ«ʮϲ
СҪԣܲ˵ҪȥðϵǺ«
˰ƤͰӰæһǺ«ݸԼˣһһСһԣ߳庢СȷųһۺܿˣȳԺٳԱǺ«ɲ
Ӱ˵6ȥܼңô죬ֽʹӰʵڳԣ
ӹǺ«⾧Ө͸Ǻ«ʮֺÿⲻСһ۾ȫڳϵǺ«ϣԴȿһ
Ǻ«һζһֱǺӵǸżһǺ«Ҳʮֺóԡ
һγǺ«ܲ۾Բִɽɽˣʣµȫǹ⣬СһĹģԽԽ㣺úóԣСǺ«úóԣ컹Ҫȥժ϶϶Ǻ«
ֳӰʾϴԳԺööǺ«
ӰԶСһ⻰ٶСһϻ
Ǻ«ݸϱӰһţζǺϲԵģɽ髹ҲóԣҲһţ
һζȷʵ
һǺ«ֻɽ髣һÿһųԣǩֻʣţĳֱۣܲСԴһš
ҲǺ«ȵݵϱߣٳһţ
ܲȻǩţܲץץССԣһҵģ
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ӰʧЦͦϲǺ«ģҧ˰ţʣµİųһ㲻ſڳԵġ
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ܲ᲻óһǺ«ˣ۾ƵƵ֪ԼСٸһǺ«ˣֻһС
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Ѱ͹ϴɾ˳ϴͷһװߵûˡ
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ԺŵʱӰŵڸ߼˵ζߴɩɡ
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Ӱûɶʳԣⲻĩпսɽժ˵ɽ髣˼Ǻ«ù죡
Ӷ԰ȢϱкøУϴ⺢Ӵ˼⣬ִǺ«Ӳ֣˵ֻСʳҲ⣬⺢ӿ̫ˡ
ҲӿóϱԳܲ⺢û˵Խ˵ϱŰӵֶŮ
˵⺢ǼԼǺ«ӳ尢һϱ߳Ӱ´ӼңôɶôͰˣԸԸӾͺܸˣ
ӰӦãȴܵ棬ʾ׵ҲϵŻ᳤á
ɩɶóԵģʤæȥǺ«ͮͮͦÿģһҶԣһܲԡ
Ҷ˼ӣͮͮǺ«ͦÿģʤӲҶ΢죬˶۵׵ӰЦ
զԼҪ׼ˡ
ҲѵüԼϴôҶί׹ŮԼϴǰкˣ˵ɶ
ҲϷüЦֺǺǵġ
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ҿɲˣʤ쳢һǺ«ζǲġ
զҲһǺ«ʤ߳ԱߵǺ«ͦóԵġɩӿԵģ
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æʣ¼Ǻ«ӷŸϣӰæȥ˲ˡ
ӲãҶú죬ֱʾûˡ
ӰɳͬҶ˵
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ҶʱĿ⿴˼ֱҪ̫
Ӱ
Ӱ£Ҷ飬ͬ˵ʤ춼ۡ
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ԵҲû취ӰҶһûһ˵
ߣҶʣ˼Ǻ«ҪݸͰͿԵĳܲӰֹⶫϻճˣһỹӳ
ӰĳСһʾٸһǺ«ԣ϶ϲˣܳܲԹԵͷСӰؿڡ
ӰѺӱϡ
⺢еأԼɴԼϣϱͷɢڶߣͷ
һ׽Ļ濴ʤҶʮĽ
ʤ֮ǰԽûɶȤҲƼȢ˸ϱӹĶã
ҲСĽҲλ־ͬϵŮͬ־飬Ҷͦʺġ
ҶҲͦиԼļң֮ǰڹû룬θܼҪҲΪӦһͦĽģýͦõġ
ӰĽȥһ̸ӰͦģԿǿǣ
ӰͦϣҶɶ磬Ժھȹӡ
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ȻԵ֣ʹԣһأӰû֮ǰҶãҲһѵһûôλŮͬ־أ
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ŮȱͨټмͼӴײͣҩΪ£Ϊָںꡣ
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ҶǰʮֶΣȴ޿κΣû뵽һԱôס
ҶҲΪпָмˡ
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ҶȻóʮ㣬û֤黹ģﾹȻɢϱŰӵԡ
Ҳֶ֪Ůզġ
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֪ΪɶҶܾ̬е֣⼸ҶһڶߵǲԸͬʹˣҰ̬ȰǱߣֻܻϼңҰǲƻģԺɶûôף
Ҷ˵ֱ˸ĶһλͦӪƲˣû뵽˼˵ƻ־ܾ£ҾλӪͦõģԺöɲףҰҲеúˣ
Ӱ۾
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ʱӰߣҶҲʤߡ
ɶƼϺͮͮıǺ«һϲԣһɽûþͳˡ
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ӸɴʣµļǺ«ʦҶίһʦǰϱģ˵ġ
ӰŴıǺ«ÿ˸պһʦҶίӰӡ۸ʮֺãʦֺǺǵϱ´ιԷôصشɶԼˣ


111 
ܼҳԹ,ӰɳͬҶʤ˵߸Ӱԡ
ܲԱ͵͵ӰС˵ҪؼҳǺ«
ӰֻһʦҶί˵Լˡ
ʤЦɩӣŶǰ,զ᲻ˣ
ӸղųԷ,СڲҪ̫
ԸĮ,ھȻôϱ벻
治
ʤʶҶ
Ӱ
ˣɩӣп濼˫,һȥ̳Уʤʡ
ҶҲ濴ߴɩô㣿Ӱæǫأãã
СҿʣܲͻȻ
ӰҪӵˮҶȥûˮȻ
Ӱ鷳Ҷ,ʤл˵ֻлҶ
Ҷ˳ʤһЩɩӣͬҶͬ־ϵͦõģ
Ӱգգۣʤ֪ҵΪɶԷ
Ӱ,ʤҵó۹ر,ҪզȢɩôõϱҲɩ۹ⲻͬҶͬ־ô׽Ҷͬ־϶λͬ־
Ӱ
Զ,ʦҶί˵ĳżȻƳϱͬʤʮ׽üͷ΢
δ,ʤͦҶͬ־ģɩӣƽտɵð˵˵ûҲˣ
Ӱ,˵ͬҶί׹Ů֮ǰһûżŽ顣
˵ʲô˳ɤͷ
ʤҶӳæû˵ɶû˵ɶ
һޱ飬Ӱû룬ڽӹҶ´ɱ΢Ц
ѺӱԼӰӹŵݹĿˮιӺ˼ڡ
ܲӰ߼˵ؼңӰιˮ´ɱϣǰߴˣɫˣȻؼң
ɫϱͺӸʦԼҶίǡ
ô죿æϱ
ӱ˵һǺͻӶץһѸӰԡ
ʦҲһܼҶ
ʦʾˣⲻܲɫڳϣʦûˡ
ܼһһڳŵʱʤɤͻȻˣɩӣ˵ǰһˤˣǲǳŽ֣
ʤɤźĿ߶ۼϣӰҭһ£ŵײ򻬡
ۼֿˣӰס壬ȶʦҶίһ˺ߣȻ˱ӰҧֻðԼĸ׸˳óŪ˵Ļ
ʦҶίӵһҲû붼ˡ
ʦҶίֺǺǳ޵ţϱ
ҲЦֺǺǣϱҪŵģϲԸˬܳסµġ
ȶҶһ¾̾ȵĿ⣬Ӱ
ϱɫ۵ף
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ҶίҶܼҶһᣬûҲˡ
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ҶίҶߺʦԼϴҶզ
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Ǻ«ҲǸϡʮѵء
ʦҲһţζⲻҲ⺢ǸµģԳܲǺã
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Űӵ۹⣬ʦҲˡ
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ǹҶίҩͦϱģûԲôõġ
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Ҷίһ鷿µϣûˣ
ӰһڸյӰһǺ«úݿСϳǺ«ԵĿɿˡ
Ӱϴϴͷϴڸ߼ɩɡ
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ϴֺ治ɫȥ롣
Ӱæͷëסݸߴɩ˵
ߴɩӣҽɣҳ¡ӳζζûĺóԣҲģʦҳԣҲͲ͹ڻȵģܳԣǸϽ
ߴɩ˵Żһܲԡ
ܲһһǺ«һһɣԵĲҪ̫Ҹ
ⲻƼǺ«ӰҲõǺ«æøߴɩȵȣȥõʮ崮Ǻ«øߴɩȥӳԡ
ߴɩհɵڳ¼ӸôͮͮǺ«
ϸۣŶҲ֪ӷ˶ǣߴɩҽӣæƴǡ
ӰɩӣЩɽ髶Ǹ־ֵܸϺɽһժģûֵժôɽ髣ﻹд¨أ
û˵ٻֵǸɽ髣˲١
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ӰǺ«˲٣ﻹв٣ҼҲԲôࡣ
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ҼҲȥɽժɽ髣ʣµЩȫӳǣҺÿռӱˡ
ȸߴɩ뿪Ӱߵݹһɣҧһڣеϣе̣˵ζǿԣϾ⣬˲ϡ
ͳܲһһСͬûۼҵĺóԣ
ûСĺóԣ
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һᵽѼӰ뵽ơѼˣֻѼԣֱͦʣ
ҪøڸŸߴɩ֪ôӣ׼˵ǣУҪ֪ôֱʹӣ׼ܼҡ
Ӱ΢ЦѧĿԼ˵զôܼң

ⲻϲ¸ӰԼˡ
ϱ䣬ӲüȫЦ⡣
СɽץӣóԣܲˣŴ۾
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Ӱϴͷϴ裬ɽ髽ðˣɽ髻а뱳¨Ҳôࡣ
ȥǰԺѰ򵹵ϲȣڸ߼ֵȴڸߴɩǺ«˷ܸ˵ըˡ
Ӱ߻ֵܸ˵Ĵɤţĸ־˵ļһɶıǺ«
ҪԣҪԣ


112 
ʵ,Ǻ«ڸ߼ҿʮܻӭ
߼ֵܼرǺ«˷ܼĲС
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˶ϲ,Ӿ͸ϲˣ߼ֵܳԵıǺ«ֱҪ̫Ϊˣ໴С
ԶԵ,ۿһˣҪʸߴɩҪ
ߴɩøСԣֻһ,ֳСӵǺ«ɷǵĺܣҲ᲻÷ôǸСЩ
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,ɱҳԽ²ˣԶ
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óҲҪߴɩ˵,Сϲѧųܲ˵ˣö˵ɶˡ
־ɽ髽,Ǻ«ôóԣɽ髽϶óˣ˱ȸԶ󣬸־ߴɩͷ
һҰڳ˱Ǻ«һ˯
Ҫ˯ĸžýӹĿãɳ˸һǺ«ӿ̵ġ
ϱ˼⣬϶۵ĵѪϱ϶ֵÿ
ԽԽóŹӿǺӣûӣûַԺ˺ӣָϱ
ڳ¼ңӰѰȺãû٣ȵĿ죬ȥñ¨ʱͼںԺϴ¿㡣
ӰЩ΢졣
ðɣԴӽ·󲿷ֶϴģԸϴ·̫ͣ·ʱϴɵȵڶһ磬׼ϴɾɹ¸ˣ㵱ûʱϴ綼ϴá
ӰԴӼ޸ˣԼһ
·ϴһ飬ȥǰԺɹӰ˼æɹ
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Ӱӣǿûˣɹ·һתȴͻȻ̽ʵͬĵͦã
֪¸¿ʼóû֮ǰãĲɵͷأͦõģ
ֻšһ
ǰϵǲͦģӰʵҶʤǰ¡
ûԽԽͳɤƽյƣô棿
Ӱʶͷҡͷ׼˵ԼҶʣ°ͱס˸ߴͦε߶ӰеѹȸУ
˸˲֪ġ
ⲻƹɫһģóʮֲá
ӰæԼ˵ɶҲû˵ɶզô죿
룬˲ģͷͻȻ
ӻڷ䣬Ӱ³ܲ⺢ɶʱͻȻæˣ˱ıѹ£˿أסס
Ǳƽռң˵ĲãӰǣû׵Ļ˻˱š
û˺ӻû˯˵ɶʱͳƵƵݿǵԽǿƳ񣡡
˺ܾãӰܾ˿ˣҺúһֱڷû
촭˲ŷſ
Ӱĸץ˲ţ˳Ʊ˲ţһͻȻ˲ٺҲûҺã
Ӱ
һ仰ӰֻȻӰ̧۶˳⡣
һͷ˾ȻԴˣǳŵĴף
ӰЩţæҶʵģ㲻˺ܰ䣿
ɫһ
Ӱǲ˻ŵĴףⲻղɫƽĵĲΪʣԭԴˡ
˻ǵһγԴףӰЦæ̧ͷ濴ɫ
ϧһϲɫһɫѹûɶ飬ҪǾĻ濴˾ȻԴˡ
Ӱ߽͵ղܼңҸҲûɶҲҰҶǰ˵û

ӰҶ޸ˣܶɶ뷨
ǰ仰ĳ⣬ü¶Ц⣬¶Цݣȴǲһϱô㣬֮ǰʤûǰ˵ҪҸϱһƯĻϱ
СҪ˯ˣҪץӣܲӷˡ
ӰæƿˣֻȻţˣǰ˵ǸɽûƶԼĲˤڵ棬ۼֿ˱ڻ߲
ӰûҡͷƤһ治ɫߡ
Ӱ
ܲ׷ߴߴʮΪʲôʣСôˣ
СΪɶҪС屧
Сǲˣ
ڴϣӰŻ˾Ȼźӵԣ
Ӱ½̻æСղеۣСűң
ľЦ
ܲûɵͷŶʮֹӰ۲ۣۣ
ѽ
СɰůһͿæʾԼû¡
ϴ˯ľͰᵽԺŻ˴ϴ
ܲ˯м䣬Ӱ˯ǳЩ⣬ۼСӻϱڣϱüЦʮϲСӣСӻ˯ϱǰͻͻ
ƫƫСһﻹڷǣСҪۿҼŶ˾Ͳˣ
Ӱ˺ӼڣܲЦ߻ףСӹռϱ̲ˣæСӱ໰Թ˯
ܲСŲһ࣬Сϲˣ
˵Ҫм䣬Ӱúӵм˯û˯
Ⱥ˯ţϱҲ˯ˣֻܸҴñӱ˯


113 
˯ú,硣
Ӱһϡߴɩ͵ɣʣͷ
Ӽ罷ʣһ,С,һͷƬͷƬҺ,ر㡣
ͷƬʱ,Сһŵζ,סССȻ۲ۡ
Сɰ
ʵӰů,СһС,Сûˣ
ǼͷƬζ
ܲ̿ˮż߿߷Сˣۼҵ緹ˣС
Ӱһ֪С,ͽӣÿӼƬզȵͷƬԡ
Сһצر,ӰͻȻɶæʵˢϴô
ҡͷ߰ͰͶͷƬ,Сˣ
ûˢҲܳԶ
ӰͷƬŻص,ˢ,´ɱ,ҨˮȥԺϴˢ
ܲҲ֪ûˢܳԶ,ԹԵͷ,æӹ´ɱˢȥɿȥԺˢϴ
ˢСһķɿ,׵ݣӰСˢˣ,Ҫô
ӰͷչȥСһӰ˵㡯СһЦĿֵ֨֨⡣
СҪҵôҿˣ
ӰһտͷƬߵͷѽ
һƬȣܲڣ׵죬ӰӰһͿ
սͼСռϱˣһˣæȥܲСȿɲˡ
ӰæÿӼһƬȵļͷƬӣȥݳԡ
ССҿˣԺÿ춼ҵסܲҧһͷƬ
Ӱغã˴ʱһſڳɹˡ
ȼӰ˰СſУӰŻس
ӰרļͷƬ˶ͷͲȥϣͷƬܿá
ûһֱӰΪԼɶɶ
Ҳ˵ɶͿգӰж
ţ
ѾͷƬӰ𣬰ѹｹͷƬеϱߵûգҲ
ӰתͷϱʪĿˮ
ŲӰЩԣզһֱղźգӰ˼ˣ˱ڻס°͵ͷݺס
⧲Ӱſڣ˳ֱף׵Ӱ
ͻȻһǣЩԲ治ɫϱ˴ϵĿˮͻȻһܲѾ5ˣŮܲףԺ㣡
˵꣬˶˲˳ݣĿɿڴɵ۵Ӱ֪ЦǸ˵ɶ
ϡҨãӰϴ֣һڳ緹
ʣɣһÿһһӳԡ
ͷƬþûԣܲϲˣϡ̣һɾͲˣӰɴԼ˳ԡ
ӹιԼϱڣӰֻҧһھͲˣԸԡ
ܲŴ۾濴ˣԼҧһڵͷƬҲյӰǰڣСҵҲԣˣ
һһСڣӰˣûüСԼԡ
ܲģΪɶιСҲι
СϱιԺԸҸϱι
ܲСͨ죬ͰͿӰӰۣСҧһڣСһϽ緹
ܲüЦСҿϲˣϲϲˣϲˣҲϲǲǣϲС廹ǲǣ
Ӱʶӳͷ˵ǣ̧Ŀתǵ𰸡
ӰɿԼæתƻúӿԣһỹҪɽ髽
ܲҲץӵ£СȥץӺòã
ʱ򿴿ûпգԣ
緹ϴ룬ߡ
ڸ߼ֵңܲȥˣȥʱ򣬵ӻʣƬͷƬӰվúüƬͷƬȥ˺һͮͮǺ«ɰѺӸ˵ĲС
Ӱһë㣬Ȼʼɽ髽
ñ¨ʱ򣬷˼İȫڱ¨
Ӱ׼죬ʱǳǰóԡ
ɽ髽򵥣ˮһֱͳɣûɶҪġ
ɽ髽֮ǰصһɽͮͮɽˮž
Ȼʼɽ髽
ɽ̫࣬ΰ
ӰϴɾװͷĿƿӵģȿˮ̹ɷһ
ɽ髽ȱǺ«㣬Ӱɽζ
ζҲƮڸ߼ҡɰѼĲС
Һø߼ֵͷƬУ߳ͷƬ߸ܲ˵Լֻ˺ϡѳˣҲֻһǺ«ֵܷ֡
һʼﻹϸ˵ֵһǸԶòŸġ
Ǻ«ĳܲͬ鿴߼ֵˡ
Сܲɿˣ˺öǺ«׼ҪŵĿ컵˲Ըǳԣ
ⲻܲ˵ǰһǣŵĿ컯˲Ÿֵܳԡ
̾̿ɴˣզôأ
־ǶµģҪֻҪܲһۼѹ󣡡
ܲ͸ԶƶǶܲʮͬ߼ֵܾˡ
Զ̿϶ɽ髽ˣˣǺ«㣡
γ˸߼ֵܺͳܲҲڡ
ղŸ߼ֵܷ˼ڼͷƬԣԹٳԵģɽôóԵļͷƬûԹԵֱۡ
͸һγԼͷĸ߼ֵܺͳܲԵСһ̾ܲܲͷƬ̫óˣС̫ˣ
СܲȿԼˣ̿Ǻ«һǣ
ͷƬĿתֿǺ«ͮͮǺ«Ưˣʮֺóԡ
ղŸ߼ֵ˵ǳԹǺ«ˣɺóˣȴǺóԺöö౶ͽճԹɰĽĲС
벻ȴǺóԺöö౶жԣ̿ˮʳܲܲǺ«ܸܲҳһڣһؼңҲҼҺóԵģ
ԶҲչͰϴ󡯣
־ˣģûôģ־ƿԼչԴܵܣԣϳԹǺ«ˣ
ܲͷʮϲǺ«ģһǺ«ֻţе᲻أ˵СԶҷ϶Ǻ«ˣ
ûԶԣǿͬһڡ
һڣǻɽ髵ζĹóԣԵ۾ԲˣžȻôóԵĶ
ȴǻóԺöö౶
ܲߵ⿴ó԰ɣСˣĶϺóϺóˣ
߼ֵһ¸͵ͷʮͬﶼþûбôóԵĴˡ
æҲͷϴΪܲС͹óˣ֪ܲСͷƬǺ«ôóԵġ
ĽܲˣͰͿܲǺ«ɶʱȥժɽ髣ܲܺһȥ
粻ȥժɽˣץӣϺóϺóˣܲ˵ɶóԣǺ«ûñȡ
߼ֵܳԹ⣬֪óԣ⣬ֵˮԶˮһɰѸ־ֵĲС
ܲ߼ֵܸ˵óԶóԣûԹĽˣĶˣæܲҲһȥɽץӺòã
߼ֵҲʾҪȥҪץҰߴߴͣ˵ץҰõ¡
˵ץҰõ£ܲǺ«һڻؼң͸ԶСβ͸档
־ûĻæסûˣԶĶţҪϴ棡Ų棡
ɽ髽ζԽԽ㡣
ս¼Ժӵĳܲãɽ髽ζЩ߲·
ܲС̫̫ˣզûôԵС
ζƮڷҡ
Դȿ󣬵֪ӰпȻıãп֣ȥн飬ѹһݡ
һͬȻĹϵҲֽˣһֱɴϣΪֹǽܲӰôһũ椾ȻĻá
ۺܵĲС
ҲҲʮίҲû緹䲻ŵƮζͷĸ۵
ԽԽӰꡢǿҪȻզһԽԽ
ƾɶŮӹԽԽã
һŻƵզû㱾£Ҫܻȥƻĺꡢͺˡ


114 
ɽ髽ӰܹһСʱ,뱳¨ɽֻܹһް룬ͮͮɽ髽ǷǳʳڵĻûӷ,ζ,ӰҲûúӳ
ֻӸһɽˮ
뱳¨ɽһˮһɽˮ
ɽˮӿԵ֭ȣϲ,ͦϲȵġ
ζ͸֭ࡣ
ˮԼҺӺ
ܲϴκȹɽˮ,ٺȱɽˮرϲ,ƯСȵĸ̵ġ
һκɽˮһ,۾Բ,һɽˮȫ๾ˡ
Ӱ⺢ȶ̫ˡ
Ⱥ꣬һ̾Ӱ,Ǳ鿴ӰЦ
ܲСɽˮ̫úˣĹͷúȡ̾,ûȹôúȵɽˮ̫ϲˡ
ȵĿ,ܲҲæԼġ
Ӱֵһ,,ʾɽˮܶ,ȸͲˡ
ղųܲһɽˮ,ܺ,Щʧˣɽˮúú,һֱȡ
ȳܲɽˮӰԼҺȥں߼ֵܺȡ
ܲæȥֵܹγܲûܰ˺Ӱ²Ƹߴɩɶ,ɴСһһˮɽˮȥ߼ҡ
ܲصȥԼһһɽˮԸˮȥڸ߼ҡ
СһģҲĶӰŷģȥ߼֮ǰӰɽˮǸ߼ģ߼˵ۼһһɽˮС־ɽˮˮ˰ۼˮؼңʱСۼɽˮˮžܺȣ
ܲĿɸˣգգʹ۾æͷ
ܲһᣬСһȥˣӰðݿʼԼë롣
ë㣬ȸԼҹź͵ȴë£µ˳֮ǰż͸ź͵
ӰʱԭʵԶƾۼЩҪꡣ
ûãӻ
СһûԼһëŵϣسһɽˮˮɾ壬źԺ
Сһɴ۾ſһҲһߺ濴
Ӱӻݰëպ룬ľëóӰëߡ
ǳܲʮ⣬ҪӰæ
ӰտʼֻʹԼҺӣʮֻҪëߡ
⺢ôûܾ
ӰɴӻŰһֱëߺҲᡣ
ϴ֣ܲȳëߣϴСæСһﶯʮϤ߳ƨ˵զëߣɼˡ
кӰæӰë߼򵥶ˡ
ƺһë򣬻
ëߵʱȫ۾ֳݿӰԹܲСͷƬǺ«ɽˮɳݳܲСˡ
⼸ϲȵľɽˮǺ«ͷƬɽˮ̫úˡ
۾ˡ
Ӱ⺢ݵĿ⿴գգۣĪЦ
ĸë򶼲ãŴӰֱʱ緹ˣëŻһһǺ«
ɰ˵ĲУһǺ«óԵЦ۾æܲС´һëߣҿɻˣ
ǳɣ
һǺ«Ӱӷųԡ⺢ӸճԹһ̫ܳࡣ
ܲ˲ãرϲСԵģԼС׽ˡ
Ӱɽ髣ʣµŸУȥǰԺ档
ȥϴˡ
緽ϼԼҶӻؼҳԷһֱûȵˣæȥˣڳ¼ҵ⺢ӡ
ۼ⺢һͮͮǺ«ϼæʺģ
ܲǺ«ѾˣȵҼҵǺ«ϺóϺóˣر𰮳ԣ
ܲСĺóԵģ̫óˣߵͷߵⲻ˵ͷƬɽˮǺ«ررóԡ
رϲɽˮǺ«
ϼԼҶӳ˳¼ôóԵĶˡ
ھ˵˳¼ϱַⲻһ羹Ȼ͸ôóԵģ
ɶͷƬɽˮǺ«ϼ룬ֱпûĸɩӱȳϱַ컹󣬻ôŪԵġ
ٿܲİװֶöƯ
ֶôõģͷһؼ⺢ӿи
ںԺϴ˵ӰǰԺϼˣһɩӣ
ϼⲻ֪ԼҺӳ˳¼ôණ˼æл
Ӱصɩӣ⺢θСûҼɶҲëˣɶˣ
ͨ죬ϼȴĴˣҺӣ
ԼҺʮү̺׵߻ˣܺô£ƽղѾˡ
ܲҲ˵ϼ֪ԼҺжµһ죬־ϲ
֮ǰϼص˵ͬ˵˵뵽칫Ҿͳɣ˵ԼһЩ顣
лˣɩӣ
᲻ߣ֮ǰ³ܲȥץӲæܲ棬һȥץӺòã
ܲҪڣӰæأܲûȥץӣЩ´Ҫȥ϶֪ͨ㣡
Ӱɶæɩӣ͹ȵһᣡ
ϼΪżҵĻɶ£ͼøɾĹͷƿװһͮͮɶ
һϳɽˮϲˣ۾ڹͷƿŲ߸ϼ˵ɽˮզúȺúȡ
ӰѹͷƿţϼҪӰæɩӣⲻɶϡĶɽˮӰȣҾ˵㣬ղŹְҲëߣɽˮǺ«Ǹлġ
ȥ᲻ãĿɽˣϼǰռ˱˵ˣҪϧ뻹żϱͷƿӱҹĽġ
ϼĲһΣֻæⶪ۵СӸϽˡ
ܲ͵ЦӰ΢ЦһһСӣܲСϲۼҵɽˮˣۼһкܶ಻
Ӱӻسۼһһȵģ
ܲȷԼһһҲͲˣʧС治ȥץô
ãСпմȥӰ䣬һףŵĳܲæסӰ
££ӰӣӵԺ˵ҪץӣС͸ϲԵ⣡
ŰСһĸһЩܲʮĵҿ϶ץӣ
ɽˮǺ«緹Ӱ򵥳ˣһľۣһһˡ
ˣɽ髽ˣ̳Ƕһۣѷ۵һЩɽ髽˷۵ɽ髽Ưһڣζʮֲ
ԺϿĨͷϳԣӦúϲԡ
һްɽ髽ܷ÷ų
˲һһС緹
гܲϲԵĵɸˣԵʮָˡ
Զ⣬ӰڱȽϲˣ˶ʮֲϴժ˲㹽ɹˣ㹽⽴Ӧðԡ
˸ճ緹ճը켸ףεرӰ˲ó緹úȳԷȥɹȫջ
ܲе´ףҲԷӰ߸Сβ͡
պغﴰӰӳԷ
߷ϼã˸ջؼûãžž£µĸ
ίɩһ˿ίɩӴԷʱ򣬾ͼ⺢ӸⱦɶͮͮˮæԼҴϱɶ
ϼص㲻֪СӾȻȥżˣ˳żҿɶණɶͷƬǺ«ɶɽˮҵ죬żҵĿŪԵģַ߯˵㣡УԳֶӿĶã
ⲻϼ˵ĨڳϱɢŰԵֶŮӣͳϱǺģ˭ǽŲãƫƫҪڳϱҵģզô벻
һ˶ǽֶŮûɶøУڳżҳôóԵģЩࡣ
ɩӸԼҼӼв˱ߵȢϱ治ַ̫ˣ˸֤飬ҲզỮ㣬ԺȳżҵĻ޶ӣ֪զˡ
ίϴȾٱʱǶԳżҵַидҼﲻ˺ӣ˶йʣھʮʵģҲôַ
ͬϱһίԳϱֶӶʮǰϼлھӼңĸ˫ְӣһʮһ꣬һĿڹͦõģӸĸ˫˫£Ӵ󲮴ĸһ˵ҪӣԺԺӶöá
ȰѷӺ͹ռˣһ᲻ӳԱǰϼһˣӴãҲԲݵֻʣƤǣʮֿ
żϱһʮѵãίͷͬϱǸõģ
ϼԷҶϱʣϱǲǸرƯر׵λ
ϼ۾־׵λҲ֪żϱզģƤǽһףҽȥˣƯҵ죬治֪żҵզģҲúãԺӵ׼úÿǳֶӳҲãԺ϶һ
ϴ϶˼ѻŮͬ־ͷԷϴ϶ҲһΪʮиģԸúãȢ˸Ư־ʮĻϱ
ίɩҲͬһڳûıȡ
ֱ˵Ҫɽˮϴæ򿪹ͷƿǣԼҶȥµ룬͵͵ӳһڣζ治
ϴࣺɶɽˮζ治
ԼҶӻûϴ󻹸ԼҼ˶һСףôҳζ
ίɩӷϼһ˶úúȣʮַɩӡϼԼ϶ϱĿζ
˵ӣɽˮȵҼֱδ
żҵַַ󣬿ŪԵģɩֱпҲǵһκɽĵɽôúȵɽˮ
ⲻɽˮ̫úȣҼӿҪɽˮڵϴֱʾɽˮġ
ɩæʾԼҲȥɽɽ髣ʱɽˮüӺȸֹסﺢӵĿ
ʱķɿ죬תһ
һ緹ȥѧУ֮ǰӰûƽմ⣬صشһ
˵Ҳͻ˼·ͿҺһɵǱ裬˾Ӻ󣬴ԼҺӺ͸߼ֵһȥѧУ
ѺȥˣŻذ칫ҡ
Ӱʱ򣬷ϼҲˡ
ϼϴξ֪żҵĳĺãһɵıӣ鷢ϰ԰ͷİʵʵͷƤƴ쵰ٸ⾫£Ǽ̣ͦɫڿ߹Եϸȱֱֳϼ۾ֱˡ
Ӱͬϼк뺰ɩӡ뵽ѧУĿڣʦ


115 
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鱾,Ӱº뿴α
ѧǸʱһЩеײš
ӰαԼλõķϼԼȻһλŮͬ־ˡ
ż˵ⳤû˵,΢һ,ɫ,ݹ͸죬ôûһλŮͬ־ȳû־ġ
Ƥզģզôף
ٶԱԼƵƤ˱ϣ
ʦĿγ̱ϼ߹ȥݸ
Ӱæӹ
ԼϹɫ,ԭȽϿɵĳȫǰıģСպ,ڿһſӣû۵
ⲻ,ݿγ̱ķϼĿĹؿڡ
֮ǰΪżҵǸ,뵽ôϣиղǳ,ⶼóĵطȥˡ
զǽģô
÷ϼΪοڳżҵĻûޣҲû󣬵ٹ꣬˵żҵĸЩ˻޵ɩһ
ʦ,£Ӱһ¿γ̱ϼվǰûߣΪ¡
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ɣлˣɩӣӰɶæʵʦҪȥУǱ߱һô
ϼͷ˵ȥһˣУİ칫ҾڸڣԶȥ֮ǰϼһſγ̱
ɣӰӹлһ
У칫ңУλżҵʮָˡ
Уһӽ飬ϣܺúðѺӽ̺ãϧƲãҲƫƧҸѧߵĻ̳ܽʦѣڽ̳ѧǲʦ
ʦֻбҵѧԸûѧãզ̣һ̵ֱĿĿİġ
гżҵҲλͬ־У˿Ҳûɶ½ֻȻͬʦ˽һ¡
ɣУ
Ӱظڰ칫ңʦҲˣʦʮ꣬ͦģһ㣬ƤͦףһŮĸŮĶͦġ
ǳɫ仨ȹҲһȹӣƤЬ
ڴƤЬ˿ʮټӰ˼ۡ
ͬϼ˵˵ᡣ
Ӱˣϼæʦλʦ
Ӱк¶ЦͬӰкƼ࣬Ŀһ٣ܿ¶Цݣʦղܣһᣬ㺰ֻǲʦɣ
ʦãӰ㺰־ͳɣӰ˵һǣĹŮԡ
ǻʮϡģŮɰӰҲԼֶŮĿᡣ
һҲӰˣѷϼһҲŲϡǣ
Ӱ
Ӱûɫ䣬æѵԼҹŮһ٣ӰǸӰڸһӼƽϣ¶Цݵû£ʦ
ʦǲ˼ҼҺӴӾսӹû죬ҵѧӵ£һ˵
ӰȻ˵á
ȲĸŮ뿪칫ңϼѵϵǿŴǼݸӰ߳ʦҾãֻôһŮ⺢Ƣǹߵãʦ治ҲûɶӣӦܴ
ϼʮָмżҵҹԵģⲻ˵ıйϵ˵ıֶŮرãʦҹϵҲͬúദ
ĸŮܴƤЬȷʵӰ΢΢ȹлϼɩӣǸԣ죡
ֻһǣϼҲûиֽȷʵͦġ
һ Ƿϼģ뿪칫ҺӰڰ칫ҵȲᡣ
˼СʱҲûȲͬӣֻܴ鱾ȥнҡ
̳һȫʮѧ
ս༶ʮֵİ༶
Ӱվ̨ɨۣڵĺӴ೤úݣʱԼҼӪļֶŮֶŮҪõĶࡣ
Ͳʮ꣬ûһ꼶Сܲͷ
ȻҲͦġ
庢Ӿʮֲ


һ ΣӰûŽ飬ѡȸϵҽܣԼдڰϺѧúһϽ̨ҽܡ
ұߣһʦһԼͳɣ
һȺϹ̨ҽܹһСһŵĲС
ӰԹΪӲ̨Ӱɴ
ţ

ţͬѧϽ̨ҽܼòãӰ
ţǸر󳤵ûͷԵĺӣʮ꣬ӰǺڵС̨ҽˡ
ҽܵĿĿİӰͷƣţͬѧ治ʮְ
ţһαʦ䣬ڵСͨ죬ˣæܻԼλá
иͷӰһһѧϽ̨ҽܡ
˺Ӣ
򱱣
δ䣬䣬˺䡭
ѧС̨ˣӰһԹ佱Ϊѧҽܻͦɹġ
Ҳ°ʮѧȫˡ
ҽܺӰʦңûλͬѧ˵֮ǰʦα̵ڼҳˣ
ʦ֪ͷֵţӰæţվ˵
ţɤʦ̵α53ҳˡ
治ллţͬѧˣʦһǣϣԺͬѧҲҴ󵨷ԣӰ
佱õһǵţ˵Ƕֵˣ˶Σ
һڿںҽܺӰйȥ
ڿΣڰ칫ʰÿαӰ׼ȥСѧӺӻؼҳ緹
ҴҸϹʦ治˼ղҼҺǱ߳˵£˵ʱ䣬ҪҸ㽻һ£
û£ʦҪӰ
ỹǸһ£˵Լ̵鱾ڼҳĸ֪ʶ㣬ߵʦмСͷ
в˵˰µľţѧϰɼҲãûþȣԺ׼ûϢԺĺѧùţ
ӰԲĻͬ˵λţͬѧͦģϿҲʮѲͬʶţͬѧͬһˣ
Ӱл˲ĺ⡣
Ȳ뿪ȥСѧӺӡ
ܲһƽյĸˣЩƲ֣ؼ·ϣӰզ£СһҲ˵
Ӱû룬ΪӶˡ
ؼӽ棬ͼ˺ͻƹ˿һ̳ǶһƹһţˬóԣżһŻнζ
֮⣬Լͺӷֱһļϣʮʳ
һγӽĳܲϿɰˣҧһĵĺɰֳһԵĹģʮСϺϺóϧСԲֻҳԵĵ
Сһ
ӰӶԣһζӲ˲죬ԼҲ΢ЦϲԶԵ㣡С˺ܶ࣬Զٶɣ
ܲ˵üЦͷͷ棬ԵıǼð
ӰӲǼϵĺʱ⺢ӽëŨֳȷʵһЩ⣬Բ˲٣ĹĴӤʡ
СһѪʮܴҲߣʮ壬Ư¡
緹Ӱϴ룬룬ϴʮֿ죬ų񣬴ӵǰԺվʳ
Ӱë򣬳ܲСƨɶǰԺѡ
ͦõģ̫еӰúӶ㵽û̫ĵط档
ܲܵǰԺ£Сһʮֺ棺Сɶϸϸˣ
Ӱߴë±˳źߣסԺôãûզעôҲ֪ɶСҲ֪Сʣ
Ŷ
ʧСʱӰ׼˯
ǰŸշëߣԺţӰú˯ȳȥһˡ
ԺţҶ˼廨һ
ӰȣҶ㣬ǣ
ҰصģһҪ£ҶЦ
Ӱ֪ҶίصظлҶھҲ籨Ҷίܲлô
Ҷ㣬ô˭˭ˣӰ
ҪգҺɸˣҶ
ⲻӰ֪ԭҶί͵ģɲͣԴӾ֪Ժһȥ
ⲻûô
ûˣˣҶҲʮֲ˳
ϴ˸ӪƲϣܺö󣬿ϧƻϣоԸס
ⲻҲˣʮֺ˾ܾλӪ
ֶŮٽλӪҶ֪˵ɶˡ
ҿˣֶŮ޿䡣
Ӱʮͬ鿴
ҶӰͬĿ⿴ЦҰǹֶŮҪҺһҰָܶҰ־ҽˣֶŮˣ
ӰЦ
ҶϣӰҶҲˣֶŮŰӵԣûˣҪ˲ֶ֣Ů۽С
ҶǺһҲ
ˣѾͬŴˣҶͻȻ
Ӱϲ
ҾͦģҺͶС̸ɶʵദ˼ΣҶȷʵ˲ҲͬҸĸ֪˴Ҹʱ֪Ҵˡ
ҶһӰҲӰ뵽ɶͻȻʵҶ㣬Ĺû
ҶûУ׼ˣ
ӰһǾͺã
ᵽĹҶ˵һ繤ʮֹעʱʱȰؾǧ˳繤˵ɶ繤ʮѵãҶڲ֪ҴԭôӦǹֶŮֶŮǺ޲ˣ
Ҷһ˵ӰȴЩԾһʼλŮͬ־˼ģӰЩ֡
˶ԷһֱĶҶǧ˳繤Ӱ۾
λŮͬ־ôĶҶʮֻɶԷǷ֪ԺᲨǣ硣
Ҷ£úôǱҶίϱӵߵ
һ£Ҷ£ԺҶί׹Ůۣ
ӰҶ㣬ȻھĹ˱Ͼã
ҶͷţҲô룡
˼䣬Ҷզ֪Ӱ̵ͦ˳ߣ


116 
Ҷų,Ӱ˯
㣬ϴ,ȥѧУ
ͺȥСѧӰȥѧ顣
СѧѧȳĶ࣬ӰɴúӸ߼ֵһȻؼҡ
һת۹ȥ,йʱʮֿ졣
Ⱥӷѧ,ӰȥСѧ,СѧѧȫȻؼˡ
ӰŻؼ
ţ
ţźţɩҲ֪ԼҺӽ컻ʦ
ţźţɩӶûɶĻˣţţֲʶߵʮֲף֪֪ʶĻʮҪ
ţŶԼҶӶʮģ֪СȥѧУ͸,ɼһͿʦ
ƤҲˣСզզ,Դǲϡ
ϴ϶ʮʡģϧǹŮ,Ҳһ,ѧˣҲ,ÿʼ࿴
ţֻ֪ͷԷûûεΨһӳ
ţɩӣֻôһӣܲţɩʵǰ»ʦզвʦô
,ҽţСºţͲñ˺СˣʱСɰţˣ߻ţɩӵĻǰʦ˿ɺˣɱȲʦ飬ʦˣһǣ
ţйʣţɩҲøΨһ׶óԵģţҲϡǣʦˣţʮֵָˣƽΣر棬ɤ
ҵ죬ţû۶ӱʦżϱզôţɩӰݼڵ
ţԼҶţμ˵ʦ佱ˣر棬ʾҪﲻţȥʦǰͬѧ
ţűԼҶӣԼҶ˵ĵô㣬ҲһЩʦСˣզģ
ţæʦզرʾҽͬѧӶûĴһϽ̨˵شҲʮֻʦ
ģʦСӴԼҶӿ϶ȷϣţֵӶ¶˳æֳţɩӵСӵң
СٽúʦĻ
֪ˣţ
ĿǰλʦʮкøС
ʦʦ״ţɷ˰״Ĳʦ
컻ʦ˼ľˡ
Ҿ˵ۼұرʦ˵ôƤ˵кզܲƤţɩҲʮ־ϲ߸ԼҶӲͣвԵ㡣
ţķˣĨһ죬һƾܳȥˡ
ţûСӣţɩӼţŵ۱Ժ϶гϢʦɿ۱
ⲻţɩͻȻ뵽ʦǳϱ֪ʦô飬ͲҶίϱżϱˣţɩ³żҵĲúýӡ
ţһڳŮʰ꣬æһӲżȥ߱߳ɩӿżҵģ֮ǰŰӵҥԣߵҪҶίϱ϶˵żҵŰӣţ
żҵĿǺõģۿɱԩˣ
Ҿʹˣ綼Ҷίϱ˵ġָҶίϱ˵żҵĻ
˵⣬ģ·ɩǰţɩӵĻǰһҶίϱûھ˾ͺԩҧϲɢԡ
´֪ҶίԴŵǸˣҶίϱϣţɩ⻰ǰֶŮʵʵ
ⲻֶŮỹ֪˳ƻⶥñӿͷϣ˸˼ؼ顢ﲻһš
ţɩô·һ£ֶŮѩϼ˪࿴󣬱мͬ־Ҷίͬ࿴ţɩӵĻ󣬾ûͬ־࿴ˡ
ԺɩǶֶŮ򽻵򽻵Ҳ飬ⶼǺҲ˵
Ȼţɩû©˿Լұ˼Ϳʦұر
ɩҲ֪ţѧƤ߯ܵѧСѧϳеʱ򣬾Ͳһˡ
ʦܲסţֻʱʱţŸ״ţſûƤ޳ţܺӡ
¼ԺӣڼҳӰͻȻյţɩһӲһ±ơ
ţɩżҵģǱ֮ǰǧҼƽϣ飬ûһ㻵ĳҶίϱҿ϶˵ŰˣҲûɶĻûˣǶԲס
ӰǰЩЦţɩɢŰԵ¡
˴ģ治֪лλţɩӵ¡
Էʾոչ·ˣţɩӼżҵģǧҪúýҼұҼұƤ˵㣬شһ㲻Ҽұ˵ر
Ӱ
ţɩǷԸ񣬰һӲæˣҵĲˡ
Ӱˣţɩߵĸ졣
ҺøڸߴɩƼţɩӣӰܣ֪λɩţɩӡ
һȥУұţ
ӰҲλţɩӣȥеʱ򣬴һ·ȥУӡλţɩر˵
ߴɩҲţżţɩͦôģе飬زס׵ˣ
ӰⲻɢŰӵҥԣʮ֮˾ֶŮλţɩǹʹˡ
ߴɩҲ˳˵ţɩӼұ⺢ţźţɩΨһĶӣţɩӰ⺢ӵӣƽճĶˣ⺢رܣʦܲסˣֻܾţš
ӣ⺢Ӳ̵İϰɣⲻߴɩţͶһֻһ࣬ߴɩʱͬӣ⺢۾ѹܣţƤʹ鶼ûáֲţɩӸôһӲˣ
΢٣ߴɩ˵⺢Ǹֱģ£ҪûţŹţԺ󳤴׼·ûɶϢ
Ӱͬ˵ţ⺢ͦõġ
ͬߴɩ˵˼䣬Ӱ׼ȻԺӣһӲرأλţɩ߯ʵˡ
ߴɩظ߼ԺǰصлһɽˮСӰԣϸ߶˼رθ
ɽˮúȣɵÿȶҲãúͺ꣬ˣɩӣȵȣҰѰİɽ髽㣡Ӱ
ߴɩæסӰǧӣʮǺ«ѾˣҲ֪ǣɶɽ髽ҪգҼϸߵҲ̺ˣ
˵ϣȻߴɩ֣ӰҲͲˣԺ棬úӴͷĨɽ髽
ˣǰǲǸҶίŮ࿴ˣզп۲ߴɩʵ
˵˽ö˵ӰأɩӣҺ˴ֻʦҳ˶治أ
λҶͬ־ͦģ࿴ҲǺﲻɶʡ͵ĵƣǰЩҶί׶׹ŮҾ˹ȥҶίϱͷϣҲ֪Ҷίɶ۹⣡
ԺӺ󣬸ߴɩԼϸ²Ҷί꣬Ҫ²꣬˵ʡ͵ĵƣؼģɶûɫЩ϶Ҷίӡ
¡
¼Ժ
ӰһӻݣܲʣС壬ۼԺɶ
ӰҲԼԺɶԼ˵Ӱæզ϶ûʵ
˭͵Ĳˣ֪ţɩӣû˵ɶԼϱѲᵽԺֿ⡣
Ӱ³λãȷʵֻʵ
Ӱͳܲ궼Щʧ䣬ЩЦɶǰԺ
֪ܲɶӰⲻ̳ûֻܿɶʱпȥмСͦõģӦϲԡ
ѧУôϰߣʵһû緹ȳˣҲûϱ
̲ס˼ۡ
ɫʮֳ˷ɫһɵǱ裬ü۾£ʮֺÿ˼ۡ
ͦõģӰͷѾԱˣӼ˼Ӳˣ¿ӡ
һڳԹȥϴ룬ӰȥϴͷϴͷҲϴͷúӸһ衣
һһСʱӰûȥϴ裬ڸڷϹ֣˼죬Ϲһᣬ
Ӱ·ԴһǳɫһɫͦϲɫɫرķɫԴǳɫɫ
Ӱͦģ׼£űƿӰһæתͷͫ͵һ
Ӱ˾ֳЩ˼С壬СȥˣҪȥСԶ棬˵һòã
ʱ仹磬Ҳúȥڸ߼ҡ
Ⱥߺ治ɫݣӰɿһܽ˺ܶΣе㺦ߣæϳ߱ʾԼҪȥϴ衣
Էûֹһ侲һͦÿġ
Ӱ˿ǰԭıģһֱϰߣ߿ۿӱûɤƽʱͳֵƣü侲ɣȴ𼸸ԽԽ۵׷ӿͻ硣
Ӱۺ¿ҪţͻȻסӰͷ˻ɶ£һıק뻳ϡ
˳ʪȵıѹ£ӰտʼˣѹƲֻܱ˰ԵҵǣԶּ٣˫ʪĲ׵۵һûϴ裡ȡȻ
ɶ˵˱ױýŴţԺϴߡ
һϴӰȫˣõ´ҲקϣڸС˼ء
ϴѾСʱȥ˻û꣬ӰСԺиߴɩæƿˣ·ûֻȴ˾¡
ʱȶԵۼֿסЦһӰһۣæȥһ˼·æȥԺš
Ժһ򿪣ߴɩ˵˽ܲҸСһ˯
ӰûأԶݳĸߴ˳ɤأɣ
ߴɩŴһкҪԼԺӣƼӺͨͨ۾Ǹտ޹ߴɩһӲǳ˰ɣ
˾һԣŸͷǿƽӲڣߴɩ治զҸզ˵ޱģߴɩﻣĲУҧҧ͵͵һ䣺ӣզˣǲҳ۸ˣ
Ӱ


117 
ȵڶӰ糿ͷ,ߴɩզˣΪ۸ӰֻԺûɶټߴɩˡ
˯ڸڸ߼ңڸ,ͬߴɩ˵껰ط,ڴ,ûûˡ
ΰ±ҵĶ,Ǳˡ
Ҳû뵽һͨ¾Ȼǵһ侲ʧأӰ,۵,ȶĲУû˴,ҲʹϾ
ϴس,ϴֺ,æ,߿ϱ
Ӱޱ鲻ˡ
Ҳ֪Լʧذ̫,ʵ۲ۣ
ӰûЩ΢۾,еۣ˵ɶܲӸڸ߼һˡ
СԶСһˣˣСûҲң
СһҴܽۿҪ˵Ӱ,ۼ쵲ϱǰ
ӰһʹϾĸ,浣⺢һһˤ
ܲԼסС壬СϲҲӲģܲеæſҪıӰ
ȱССЩ
塮ӰզϹ
ܲһˣץ뱧ֲұŴ۾ĿӰ£Сû£Ȼ緹ͺˡ
Сǲۿˣ۾ϺˣܲСԴʣ⻰ҭӰ㱻ԼˮǺס
ֻܵԸߴˣɫ䣬۵Ȼһ£
ܲΣ֪ͲȥСԶ˯ˣѧ󱳣СӰ󱳣Сæο޲ޣʹʹߣ
СůУӰɶûˣ棬ӰԼȴȥݡ
ȻͺӻȥѧУûʱ䵢顣
ӳ֮ǰӰкͷʳܲСԶ˯ĺô
ͲСȥ˯ûСӵݣϱҲù⺢ӣʮַ㡣
֪ܲԼС뷨æҡͷ˵Ժ󲻸СԶһ˯ˣҵıûۼҵҲûۼҵůСԶųƨɳˣ˯ˣ
Ӱ΢Ц˵Զ⺢ӷųƨ϶ǳԶ˷ųƨŹˡ
ͷʱ򣬸һûһ˵СԶûߵ
˯һͷԶСԶ߲ˣܲء
û˵ãܲȥԺϴˢ
ˢʱ򣬳ܲС涣СҪúչСƫƫԲԲҪװ˵ģɰ
飬СԶûϱģϻϽˢ
ܲæˢ
̫ӰҲûɶ˼óԵģϡͷĨɽ髽ͳɣ˰罷
˸ϲӼĶ罷ƿ罷Ѿ¶ףһ㲻ʣ
룬Ӱ嵰ÿһ
ͷãӰϡͷ˽ȥݣӰ˶罷ͼ嵰ɽ髽ȥ
һݳ緹
ͳܲûɽ髽ܲʣСɶ
šƿһӳɽ髵ζ
Ӱͷ˺һһСĨϺͮͮɽ髽ܲԲ۾Ӱιܲһڡ
ܲҧһڣɽ髽ͷóԣܲԵֱͷӰúóԣСһҪԣ
óԾͶԵ㣡ӰЦĨɽ髽ιӡ
óܲԸԣѧϱĨɽ髽ͷϣιߡ
Ӱʶҧһڣɽ髽ͷȷʵһζʮֺóԡ
ܲԼĨɽ髽ĨģģӰҲԸˡ
ιϱһڣԸҧһڣĨɽ髽ιߣӰæԸԣ
ȳһ˵
ӰֻҧһڣһͷԸܲŴ۾ˣĨɽ髽ҲҪιСԡ
ûãԸԡ
ܲĹġ
ɽ髽óԣƫĿζһĨɽ髽ͷûɽ髽Ѷ罷ĨͷϣԵĽζ
ܲһĨɽ髽ͷһļ嵰ԵĿɿˡ
ʣͷӰõͷмбпĨϺͮͮɽ髽úȥڸ߼ֵܳԡ
ɽ髽ߴɩûգֻø߼ֵܳζ
ܲȥڡ
ӰȥͿ˵Һʰ鱾׼һȥѧУ
ʰˣϣϱʰˣŽȥ˱ϣأóõļ۾
ȼ۾ͦģǴ˻ϣӰЩ̫ΪΣƵƵſڣºɶʱײһĻ̫ˣ
ҪԸ󣿡Ӱüס󣬳𶯣ۣ
˱˵ȼ۾
ӦûôӰɴֻ˸۾ˣզñ˼ӸٺҲû
ɶӰ˵ҶίΪ˸лҶ廨һ㡣
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ӰźˣˮƬûϲʮ֮˾ŰˮƬ
ˮƬζ붼
ĩһȥسǣ
سԶզͻȻȥسǣҲۣӰʡ
˵յĸ籨֪Ҷίϱ跢˵籨˵ϱŰӵ¡
Ҷίĵĵ籨ֻỳϱȽϵ룬Ͼٺǰ֮һҧʮ¾Ҳϱί
ڽ֮ǰϱԳܲãûԺӺܺõ̶ȣȻǸмģûϱõˡ
ʮҵڰƽϱֿȢˣһĸ
տݳ޵£ļϴƬҪʮǮⶼһ㹤һ¹ˡ
ͦĶˣ룬ҧҧɣ
ȷʵͦģΪϱ˵ɶ뵽ϱȾĸɩַ춼ھﲻɩ˽͵͵ۣż˽͵͵˵ַģûϱַôģ
ƽտϱʡŵ㣬Ժզ죿
ǶԼʮţϱַҲͺӡ

ûˣҵôȥѧУˣֱ˱ߣӰæۣԣԵĴֱɨУֻʻض
˺һᣬӰ׵Ϳˣˣ˲ŷſ
治ɫĨǵĿˮȳţӰæþգ۾Ǻöˣϸƿף촽ۡ
ֱʱ䣬ʱ࣬Ӱֻ溢ţȥڸ߼ຢӴȥѧУ
·ϣܲߴߴͣӰ˵߼ֵզϲǼҵɽ髽˵ûԹôóԵͷء
Ӱغӣô´ø߼ͷۼĨɽ髽
Ѻ͵ϣӰذ칫ҡ
칫ңϼվ絽Լλãſڶ̧ۣⲻƼżģ̲סƼۣżҵģզô죿
ӰɫһɩӿɶֳϴȥɽЦҺãϼһתʣżҵģǲͿ֬ˣɫÿرɫ
Ӱ
Ů˶ƯϼҲǣżҵͰףĨ˵㡮֬ͮͮĴɫԵˣɫãǰһر޺ÿ
ûͿں죬Ը˵ûͿɿԼæת
ϼȴƵƵĽˣȸżҵһ£զƤôװ۵ģһͷŨֺĺڷͷҲ̫ˣҪǳͷϣ᲻ü


һ ѧΣӰαȥϿΡ
һѧǻӰ֪ܰʶ㶼ļúö
עһţ⺢ӣʵ⺢ھ̫Ѿ˲¼λɩ˵⺢ѹˡ
ȻţɩһӲ˵ԭһӲ˻ţңҪ滹ˣţɩӻΪء
⺢ӡͦãһѧιȥӰ⺢ǰڿλʮֻڿξЩעУСͣ
Ӱصغţش⣬ش꣬ܶԲԣӰһ
ⲻջ͵̰ţʦһϲЦտǶֶˣæţؿֱͦΣɤŸ
ӰЦ⺢զô棿
һڿΣӰţ칫ҡ
ţȻղű佱ˣÿα칫ҲǱʦѵǱҳַ£ʦҲƤԴġ
Ӱ£һ⺢ӵı飬ŵţͬѧָãʦ⿴㣬ʦ㵱һſγ̵ѧδɲ
Ժ˵ڵɲʮֹٷ£úʮԾܾ
Ȼ
ţʦѵɲţϲɵˣӺ׼Ķ֪ĸ˵ɶ
Сѧоûɲʦֱ
˵ɲرĽֻɼûʦԸѡ
ⲻţ˵۾ɵıͭ廹󣬲ŽͰͿӰʦ㡭˵ɶ
ţͬѧʦ㵱һſγ̵ѧԸⲻӰ
ţܿ췴ӦӰæθԸ⣬Ը⣬رԸ⣡ʦ
ɤƷݶӰ΢Ц
ţͬѧȻԸ⣬ѧʦ㵱ˣҪѧδԺɵøȫͷúΣŬ߳ɼҪǲΣʦҪͬѧˣ
ţŵСͨ죬æʦһΣҽοˣ
ûѧδģӰ⺢ӽһλѧδҪɶƽյðҵͬѧûнҵ
ţ۾µʦһðͬѧҵҪҵҾᣡǡ
û˵꣬ʦţٺɵЦ˼æĿڣʦƽʱܵģر
ǾͺãɲɲܴͷܣʦرĺͬѧӰ仰ţ˼Ѫԭô㣬ûʦô
޲ʦ֤ԼԺΣҲˡ
£ţؽңţܳȥæʦţ⺢ǲ´ˣҾ˵⺢ûþȣ£ԸţţţŹܹСӣ
ӰûüػȲĿһŲͻȻʦףզƤУͿ⡮ں졯ɫͦÿģɶɫģ
Ӱ


118 
촽Լ׺ǲͬʦ˵,ֻ˵ǸҶϲõĻƹϷ
ƹϷԲˮڷ󣬿϶еЧ,ֻûĸ¶ȡ
ỹ汻ƹϷע,Ϊô,ƹϵЧ,Ҳ׷촽Ϳɶں졣
Ӱؼ,һˣһ,ȻҪˮƬ
к,զҳ̫,ϲ,Ӱɴ׼һ΢,Ҳ¡
,ˮѿľˡ
ûѿصȥڸߴɩʣߴɩǰշһ趹ѿ,һЩ
ˮ˷,ʱӰĺý,ȹͣȷŻը,ȱɫ̳Ű顣
¶꽴⳴㣬ͣľͰײͷ,ζʡ顢ֵۡ͡ζϣӰտ˷ֱһһС
õϾõƬкõƬصؼ˸ϾƬһƬһƬȹ
Ƭ͸Ƭ̵ҲкõͻʹнƬϽͼ㡣
ȥ̵һŨ磬ȫˮƬζֱҪ̫㡣
ⲻ̤ţŵӸڳżҵƮζζ̼ˮڣͷ߲ͣ·
ϣɶòˣզôζܸ֮ǰȡ
ɹɶϣ
Ŷ߲·˵ǰԺ׷ˣĺӡ
ܲסĿ˼ԽԽ㣬Żӵ̿ˮ
͸ԶȱﲻסһĽæʳܲܵܣϴ󣩣ҵĲ˺㰡ɶզô㣿
С˵ˮƬҳԣܲĲУȾܡ
ˮƬ־ͺʳǸпÿˣ֮ǰ⣬ˮƬû
ԶҪܣϻߣҲȥɶòˣ
߼ֵԴ޾ɣû̻ҲûãԴϴγһٺõɺ󣬼һֱԺײܲ
ҲԼϱ̫١
ⲻһ֪Լϱ˺ˣֱ̾˵߼ֵˡ
˵ߴɩҲĺò˲ĲУַôǲܵġ
żҼҼ
źС˵ɫߴɩ۵ףһ٣ôۼа׷ԣɶʱСӻϼңÿ̲˱ȰȺ֪ۼҹɶӣеĳԶˣ
źæ㬳ȥ
һСſڰ̾˵Ľţ߼ֵܸĽܲ
Զµզ
űԼ⻰ЦĲУöףҲúãôһС̿
־ҲøԶΣԶˡ
ڷңȲǺˣ⼸췽ȻȾ㲻
ﷹʳôģֻŸڲζӳԵʳʡ
ε۵
ָӰꡢԽԽãΪǷݽĹʣַŸִ
뵽ӰǺꡢԺÿʮǮʮƱȶʼɵͨ죬ҲڵĳӶˡ
ԽԽƽ⡣
ǿĲƽ⣬ȣͬűȵķȻǰʱ䱻ѵһٺҲˡ
ҲԸѹȲԷҪǶԷǿôһ㣬ʼɡ
˼治ǿôһ㣬ϴѵû֣Ȼѹûз֪֮ԸͬԷĲ࣬Ҳˡ
ӸšίҲûٸ˼빤Ҳʡϱᶪԭĺͺӡ
ҪͬűȽϣϱͬϱȣҲͲΪһЩûӰ¾ٱϱŰӣû£ҲûЩĵˡ
Ȼ˼ǰȵϱÿµĹʶ㣬ԺżҹŵģۼҹۼҵӣûҪ˱ȡȻûϱƯҲ۾ڶÿģ
Ȼ⽻ʸȸ⾪ϲ仰ȴȵѣֻӰǺꡢԺԽɹԽڣ˵ӰǺꡢ޾ԽԽѿˡ
ĸɩӲǰһ֦Ӻ˶ˡ
ò˵Ӱɲ֪ȶ뵽޵ϡ
źŻæϴ󣬾Ͷ˲
ͳֶܲˮƬĲС
ӰղŸܲ⺢ӳһڣۻƬóԵĳܲͷˡ
˲˵ʱ򣬳ܲһֱ˵ˮƬöóԣܳ뷹ƬϺóϺó
ˮƬԵҲãҲʮʳȲ
ˢ˹һ
Ӱ߸ĺּһƬԼ˳Ƭզ
ղųһӣζʮֲʮ·
ϲģһƬƬۻнζը˲˵ǷԲˣв˵ٶȲҪ̫졣
Ȼв˵ʱ򣬳û˸ϱм⡣
ˣθû˺ͺӺãϸʳԡ
ôϲԣҲЩЦϴģǳʱ򣬵ʱ˳˿뷹ɰĲС
ܲһھ;̾ССӰСƬϺóϺóóԵͷҪˣ
ӰӱǼʧЦϲԾͺã´СٸƬʱ򿴿ûţˮţζã
æ̧ͷϱ¸ۼţ
Ӱ
ôϲˮƬȻͬ⡣
ˮƬʵ̫ϴҵĿζһڹ˲˵ͷԡ
ⲻ⺢ϲûԣӰ˼׵ιܲ
СһԵĹģҡͷԣС㡣
΢볢ˮƬӰãһӷС
˾ʵˡ
Ȼ
ˮƬζȻʮֺãɶԺ˵ʵ̫ˣСһİ۵ۿͨ죬Ǽðͣͷ˵
ӰҪȥˮϱųԷԸȥһˮϡ
ܲһ󱭣ͮͮСźһЩٲФرˮƬˡ
һԺ⴫ӰûСһﱧ˱ʾҪȥ
ԼңӰҲͲˣԣԺſȥ֪˭ˡ
ϱֻˣͣƬ
ӰƬʾԼ˲٣ϲˣˮƬĶѿľʮнóԡ
˼ڣܲûӰҲԵıˣȥơ
ߵԺţͼԼҺӼһԶԶ߰Ƿ߳⣬ԵĿˣһ߳ܲϴɶ̫óˣզģҵ˵ڵġ
˵һ䣬Զɤʮġ
Ӱ
Сֻĳô׵ģܲԶѣСˣŲҪԶСӣ
Զ
Ӱ
ĸԶΪԵ뵱ӣӰֺЦΣҲҺøߴɩû
ӰɿһСһͷƼԶɤһ̣
С
СܲСԶݳۼҵĲˡֻһڳԣ˻ǺܶģԣԶ˷ҲԼҺӴԡ
ܲǺܴ󷽵ģԶȥԲˡ
ȸԶƼһˮƬĺòˣ۾Բˣˣզôڵ
ɫһûɶ飬ӶͦԶտʼҼвˣ⺢Ӽ˼ӲˣŸͷԡ
ˮƬԵĸԶ۾̰ˣóԣԵĸԶģĽܲܳԵĲˡ
ȳһ뷹ԶؼңӰ⺢˲ٲˣƬ˼ˣҲ˼ס
һߴɩҪ֪⺢ҳԲˣ׼⺢ӹ
ʵϣԶջȥӰ߾ߴɩԶ
ߴɩ֪ԼСӾȻƤȥӼҳ˲ٲˣô˻Ҫ
ղС˵ҪſڳԷ˼ΣʵųԷûȥӼҸһ֪СӳԷʱӼˡ
СզôûûƤ
ѵ˶ٴζ
Զ죺˭ѳˣϴʲȥ
ߴɩ
ߴɩƽϢһЩСӵĻĶСӡ
ߴɩøȷʵݺѵûûƤСһ٣ֻǵȸԶź͸߼ֵƼЩæɴۡ
Żã־ֵ۾ڸԶĲŲߡ
Զ⡣
ߴɩݵʱ򣬸ѵСӼ䣬ȸߴɩһȥԼһƬƬʮִۻԵĸδ۵Ƭզôó
ǹɶϣ
вˣ־ֵҲ̲סԶһӲ˳ԡ
Զ۴УæסԼ룺ҵĲˣǲԣһҪһ뷹
߼ݷ֣ӰҷҲͦ֡
ܲСһȰȰȵ̫˵һ˵Զ˵ɿˣ⼸һˡ
Ҳֻһԣ˿ѳˣղһڣѳˣ˵ԼҵĲóԡ
ŶͦͬţĿƵƵϱ
Ӱĵߴɩǿ٣ǻỮ㣬ָھɩǸỮˡ
Һ˸ͦϵģַҪ޵ˣָôַ󣬶ԷҲ
ˮƬ̫˿ζ˰ʣµƬȫɨˣֻʣ
ҺθСиԶæ˲ƬˣˮƬҲԹˡ
ϴ롣
Ӿôһȥת۹˪ĩ
һûüԼȥسգͻȻȥˣֻͬˡ
˪±轵ӰԼͺӶһ¡
ϳԹ緹ӰëſڴһᣬܲӰ߸Сβ͡
úȥҸ߼ֵ棬Ҳȥ
Ӱһë£պпոԼҺһըԡ
̳ǶһһƿѽһЩúӶŵſպųԡ
ܲһγզըĺζûкܾܾͬûܾϵ»ζ
ȳܲһըĺζ۾Բˣִ㻹պ˷ѽóԡ
ܲñϲļͷóԣԲĴ۾ֱӰСϺóϺóԣҿϲˣ
Եٶȷɿ죬˼պѽιӰԣӰһͲˣ⺢Ըԡ
СһͳԵġ
Сһըʱ͸߼ֵȥ棬ŵӳʵܲɶզô


119 
ҼСϺϺóˣܲԵ,ҲС߼ֵܺһҪպһķѽóԡ
æӹѧպ㷬ѽ꼸,ִóԵĸ־ֱۡ
͸ԶֵԼѹûԹôóԵĶ,
ȵ֪ǷĺóԵ,߼ֵܺ׷۶ôóԵȻѳԵķġ
߼ֵܺԼҺ棬ӰȻӭ,ӶԼҺӵϵʿˮ,
ֻһС,ܲÿ˷һ᲻÷ˣһһִ,ĸ־ס͸Զ۾ųܲСûƿߡ
͸ԶȴĿˮˡ
Ӱۣղը˲,óһ,üϷųԡ
ǰԺŴë¡
һԣ߼ֵܺɸ,ľߴߴԣԵ㣬ȫִζ
ڲǸ߼ֵĽܲ,ĽܲһôóԵС,ĳԵóԵˡ
ϴɽˮ̺ҲˣûܲСĺóԡ
ΪܲСͷƬɽˮǺ«͹,ôóԵĽˣܲܲ,С̫ˣ̫̫óˣҴûԹôóԵը
߼ֵһͷǿͬû̸õˣǿϲˡ
жʾమ仰ųԡ
ܲһȴǣСóԵģϲСˣ
һӳԵδܲһԣ˶µĸ־͸ԶҲͰͿӰãӷֱһ롣
裬漸ȥ档
ǰųȥ棬Ҷ
ӰҶɫãΪǲǸųɶˡ
ˣ֪Ҵ˶֪˴£׼Ӱ˸ˡ
ҶɫˣӰĵҶ㲻ǶûɶɣæʣҶ㣬զˣ
żҵģҽصظлˣҶ
Ҷ㣬ɶ£֮ǰлˣüһ㣡Ӱߴë߱˵
ҶҡͷҶ籨˵ҹĳˣ˾ٱˣ缸౻ȥũ죬ͬ־Ҳȫ·ŵǿƧ¡ҰֺҶصлһ
£ҶȾ£ҪǵҪûżҵ˵ھҲѾ·ŵ¡
·ŵµ֪ɲɶ£ҶǵмŮͬѧһԸ統֪൱Ƚӡ
ʱλŮͬ־绹ͦˣɵȼ֪λŮͬѧĲ״ҵһλ֪ɶԭɱˣļµļ£λŮͬ־ãΪ󲡲űͻ
Ҷ񻹼ǵλһݵƤǡŮͬѧ
λŮͬѧʮֶ࣬Ҳһֱûãⲻã˸˺ӣĸҡ
Ҷ̸ɫ䡣
ӰȻ֪統֪жпᣬǶŮͬ־Ҫ㹻˱䵽һĴӻãҪǷ䵽ƧƫԶطҪɶ£ǽ첻飬еصزӦ
Ժ󻷾ԽԽϾΪ˶ֶΰٳֵ׽õķĿȱȽǡ
ӰëߣοһҶԺͬźúھӡ
Ҷͷ
뿪֮ǰҶָ˵Ѿ࿴˶󣬹׼֤顣
ҵĶһŴ֪ࡣ
Ӱզ֪е죬һʱ벻ˡ
Щɻʵ֪ࣿλͬ־Ը⣿
ƾŶԷˣӰ;۹ⲻһߣƵһλ֪ࣿ
˵˿ɲһִţ֮ǰû룬Ϊϲˡ
ɺҶ˵ԷһֱĶس磬ԽԽԾԷ˵ִţ˵ϲˣ翴ɶġ
İ÷ѩʰˣʰһ
ĸ̫Сǲġ
Ǿ۾ʮ͵һλ֪࣡ԸͦġҶصҺ֪ʮֲ⣬ҲԼھ
˵ҶҲһ쵱ţɩ˵Űӵԣţɩɢ
û뵽תţɩɩǳżҵҥԣ˵˹ɢԣľʹء
ﻹţɩӳһܣ˼ңĲˣڻڼ
ֶŮڶˣͬ־ɶǺͬ־Ƶ
Ӱ治֪ţɩЩ׳١
˸һţɩӣҶ뿪ⲻţɩһӲӰˡ
һڣţɩƵƵͲˣ̬ȼֱҪ̫飬Ӱͷԡ
ӰôƵţɩӼҵĲˣÿţɩܵķɿ죬ΣӰţɩӵĲˣԺſڵʱ򣬵ţɩӰѲؼȥա
ţɩæզżҵģǲƲţң
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ԴӻλżҵĵʦżҵľȻôұұɲ
ǰЩ죬ұ˵£ɰ˺ըˡ
ȷģǽһѽ˸ζЦ
ţɩӾ;óżҵ۹զôڸԼҺӰϻ˸ʦ
һӲ
ţɩҲܳżҵⲻ⣬һӲ˷ԺſھͰˡ
Ӱæ׷˵ɩӣ治ҲˣҼвˣЩȥԼҳԣĲӰҲã
ţɩӲͬ⣺ĶˣżҵģͲһ⣬զôʦҼұ̵Ŀɺˣ
Ӱ
ӰæɩӣҸս̼飬Ҳû¼Ѻӽ̺ã֮ǰǵǲʦţɩӣǲˣ
ƣżҵզôǫ飿
ϣ
ֲþɩǶ˵Ȣżҵи֪żҵôãĨڳżҵ
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Ӱ
ţɩ뿪ߴɩǽһϡ棺ӣţɩզָͲˣ
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Ӱ
˵ʱ򣬲Զһ˵Ц
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ߴɩȻϲȣûλͬ־ûûƤĳ񶾡
ҶίϱʹĨӣͼƻ飬Ʒû⣿
ȻҲɶˣĳ˵Ҳûǳ̶ȣҲûӡ
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ûǸͷɶϲλͬ־Сϲˡ
Զ߹ȵȻҲƼߴɩ˵Ӱ۵ĸ˿ǵļ֪ǲȻְ˵㣬ֱҪ̫
ֻϽޡ
ȻޣˣŻҪ
ȶʼɣۼӰԽԽƯҲҲָϽޣԺޣͲѳܲǹߡ


120 
һûɶ¸,Ӱڼë£ý飬ֻĩë,ȡ˳ܼİ
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Ӱëͷ,һ࣬¶ĹĹģҲ֪ɶ
ܲе,Ŵ۾գգҪӰӰۼֿץסСһצӣȥϴͷϴ衣
˪ת䣬͵һ˪
²ر
ӰҲúںԺ,һľˮúľϴ衣
ܲһľϴʮϡ棬ˮ͸죬ŨֳĽëʪ,µСʵƯ
ӰĨݣܲɸˣӰϣӰͦϵͷ˼£СһֿССǲر㣬Ա˯Ŷ
ԺԣҪŪȫģСɲ˯Ӱ
ɰѳܲˣ֤Ժȫ࣬ˣС
˵ŻҪӰš
䣬Сһﲻ䣬Ӱ⺢ӱţӿٶȸСһϴ壬£䣬ӰӼһůºһ㡣
ëԼͷܲһѰſڲģ
ϴˮʱӰӺ¶һɽ髣СӽϺɽˣ
ֲô
ӲͷʱӰ˲Сһſڣ⺢ӾͲ䣿
ܲû䣬ϴ϶·ůˣ飬Ӱ˲ζǼ꣬ͷĳܲһ٣Сæ
ƼϼˣܲɴۣûԹȣСһ뵰Ųߣ˿϶ܺóԣ̿ˮСúóŶ
ӰСһëõһԣȼһιҧһڡ
ܲæҧһڣеĵȸֺóԣСһԵĵԲۣȻСһͿ䣺úóԣúóŶС
óԾͶԵ㡣ӰѺӿһڵĵȷ
İ׷Ҳر㣬˼Ƭررóԡ
Ӱһ׷ϲ˵ˡ
ܲһ׷ԵĹģÿ룬ָ׷ҲúóԣϲԣС
ϲԣԵ㣡Ӱԣζʮֺá
εеӰš
ʱӰҲѺӵĻ׳֪ԭȥɽץӣûץžͼһɽ髻
СһӰˡ
Ӱϴ룬˲ڣֻԼϴˣܲСβ͸ߴߴҪ˵
Ӱһûһ˵ϴų񣬴ˢ
˪֮ǰ컹ûô䣬轵ӰѴϱ±׵ڣִӸڷ˺ޱ׸ǡ
Ӱ׵ʱ򣬳ܲһԹԹ԰æץǣһ㲻ġ
кӰæӰ챻Ҳࡣ
ůůıޱıӺԺСһѾϴСƨĴϾ̾СۼҵĴú
ܲ˵߹ůˡ
Ӹϴ裬Ķ·ӰҲ⺢ӴϹˡ
Ӻ񣬳ܲѱûãСȵĺˣӰº㣬·ڴϡ
ܲһ˴û˼СҲϴߵҿˣСҪҪң
ӰֻһαϴأȽ̺ϴν̵٣̺٣һ飬úӸһ顣
СһԴסˡ
ú˯α
ڻ磬ܲ˯ţԲĴ۾ɾˣСͣ˯һӰһ𿴿α
ѹɶɿͦģӰʧЦĶɶ
ܲãҡҡͷÿСԵը
ζɺˣܲͿɲˡ
ԹǲܸٳԵģ֪Сһģɴ̳Ƕһһͯתע
ȤС£Ӳʶ֣廭ܿһЩġ
Ȼ
Ӱһóܲܿ챻ɫĲ廭ҲԵģСƨɾţſڴϵɴۺ濴һͱһҳССѼӵĹĿˡ
Ӱˣû̳ˣ㿪̳ҳ棬ֻв٣ֽ̳˲ױһ㡣
һе㼦ߣЩױͻƷװʮֺãһܿĶôĻ£ɲЩȥ
ΨһĺôԼܶһƷͿͿ壬и¶ЩƷôҲ̫
˼Ƭ̣Ǵ̳ǶһһƷƲһҺſռ䡣
뿪̳֮ǰСĵ齱ģÿһһγ齱ᣬʮγ齱ĻûʹùǸʮִľϲ
Ӱת̣תܽƷһк˽ʱͬһЩǷˢ
нɱûãӰʮ㡣
ر̳ҳ棬ӰαСʱëߣֱʱ䣬Ѿŵˡ
æ˯
ܲᱻĹɾˣ˯СһﻹּۻۣСٿһᣡ
Ӱͬ⺢ٿʮӣɹ˿ʮӣСһﻹûԾ
˲ڣֻܳˣʾԼˡ
ӰһܲʮµģСϲԼңæԹϽСºúÿŶСѼӺСҲϿɰٸҿòã
СһʶȤӰҲ¶ЦݰѺ̽СһﱧŸߵɣ㿴ۼ￴
ܲСɸˣСˣƽʱС岻С˯С岻ڣܲССˡ
˯֮ǰСһﻹҪ£һһСɶʱ˯Ҳ֪
һѣΣ䣬ĩɴ˰Сʱ緹
緹̻ưɰһըϡ
ڱ￴Сһ𴲡
ܲˣһСԸ·ȥϴ
緹
ƼһϲԵըܲɸˡ
ӰҨһϡͬһ緹
Ŵ̻ưζʮֺãҧһļ嵰ϡԣֱҪ̫óԡ
һγ̻ưĳܲɸⰮԣɫ㣬СһеĹģٿһļ嵰ܳԵɸˡ
úӵȻԵģӰȳ̻ưͼ嵰Ȼſպŵʳԡ
С϶ɽۼҪҪǺ«ܲ
ＸǺ«ͺӳԵĲ࣬⺢ӼǼɽ髻Ǳ˷ˡ
ɽ髲´ۼɽӰ̻ưػ
ܲԹԵͷ
ǼУӰȥȥ
ܲɸˣ۾ͷ˵Ҫȥ
ǳɣȥ۳Կ㣡
緹Ӱ˸¨ﳵȥӻСѺӷǰ棬վŲֲڣҪȻǰ氲λ
ӰֻúӽﳵһЩ
Ҳ⺢ӹӰŸúںһҪȥϼĳܲɸ˷ܣȲͣš
ȺȣӰгԺš
ſߴɩߴɩźӣæǲҪȥϼ
ӰͷɩӣҪҪȥУҴ㣡
ߴɩ֣ʾԸûȥУôǮȥ
ǳɣɩӣˣӰ˵ʱ򣬳ܲҲڸ߼ֵҫԼҪȥ
߼ֵܿĽˣԶҲȥӰǰܴܲһȥ
ӰһӶģҴôСĺӡ
ߴɩҲģӰϿߡ
ﳵ֮ǰߴɩըʵֵζߴɩģߴɩ᲻ãҲȥⲻզ
˵ҪըߴɩˣͶ᲻÷ţըɶ
ַզô󣬾Ȼըɶϣ
ߴɩ۵ģӰʧЦ˸ߴɩզʾҲɣͼ壬ߴɩҲۣӰοһ¿Ͱ͵ĸԶﳵԼҺˡ
߼ֵⲻһ۵ģ֪϶ڲϸɶըˡ
־ˣɴӦֵԵģɲܷڣ
ߴɩҲϴ϶զûըҪ֪ը˵ɶҲͬɶԡ
ȥϼԶˣﻹϸըԶɴڵţߴɩͷ۵æԼ˳ʰ
ȥмΣӰﳵᳵ·̫죬ʱʱСһﱧ
СұĿɽɽܲ
һһССʱ˼Уʮ֣пĵطһһǮӰ˳Ǯǣȥ
ܲһУֵļпۻң۾
Ӱ¨ȥ̯Źǣ廨⣬䣬ĶһЩű¨
˴㡢ϺҲ˲١
ϺʱӰСϺСϺóԣȥڼȻץ
ӰȵСϺʱ򣬿ɵöһЩϺ˺ͺӿ϶ϲԡ
˼ﻹУͲˣ·оȻиСţվ
̳Ȼţ̣ɹװװţʵţ̺ã
ʵţ̻ʮʣӰȥһӳܲһھͲˣţ̲úȣСҲϲ
ţվĹԱ˽ţ̻Ǻܸ˵ģţվⲻãûţ̡
ţվԱͣ˵ʸռ̣ررӪ
Ӱһڣţζⴼ񣬾ζֲ̫𣬺ӲϲҲ
Ȼʵţ̸ӪǺö
ɲʮ̼Ϊˮ߰ģϡǾζ
ӰʹԱţܲÿͣ
ţվԱģȵ֪סԱæʾͣһţһëͷѣֱҪ̫ˡ
Ӱµţ̣ÿ
Ӱ˵Լַ丶ǮߣλŮͬ־һµţ̣ǮҲˬ䣬ԱҲʮָˣ첻ͣԱһǮ
ţ̣ȥ硣
֪ܲСΪɶ򲻺úȵţ̣Ӱ˵Ժţ̶ӪߺӶţܱ
ܲЩᣬɲţ̡
ӾСӰϵϲС㣡Сȡ
СһһӰ˵ԺţóԵģ̲衢˫Ƥɶʱ򻹿Աţ̱⺢Ժ󻹲ϲţ̡
һ㲻СӲţ̡
ȥ磬Ӱ˹ЬӵЬ˼˫Ь棬ͲݮӸһ
伯еʱӰĺӾޣ꼯еۣ⺢һ㲻ۣܱıģϼӰҲˣӲ˺ûӦ⺢ӻӻؾ
·ﳵؾھͬһλͬ־ͦ·ϣ˵ЦģҶҷߡ
Ӱλ֪ͦ棬ͣ³֧ڵ棬˼ۣλͬ־ģ
ȵȣⲻոʱһ֧ԮȽ£
λŮͬ־ռûռҺӹӲ㣬ҪٱҺӣӰһ¼ǵʮ
λͬ־ҵĶ
Ӱ֪˵ɶˡ
ɲλ֪ɶˣϴڻվȫ̶źôһԼҶԱ޲ԶԶģǿɿĺö
ŴҶңǶŴͦģȻ֮ԻŴǸйء
Ŵһμ棬ѹƲˣɺֺ֪ζ֣иʮֳ֪Ŵ
Է֧Ԯ󹦣ȻƸεؾеﵱ£ŴƾĲܺͱڼڳΪеĸʮгϢº׬˲Ǯ
Ŵؾܱγɴ󳧵ĳʮгϢº׬˲Ǯ
ʮǣŴǰһζʮʹȢϱҲûǰһΣһ廳ǰεƷƣÿη̸벻ǰһΡ
ôһר顯ʹɣԸŹ
Ѿˣ󣬳ͬӰŮãҲ飬Ҫһֱ飬ҲֻܸԼһ·
Ŵĺ·Ժɲ׳ˣɸ̫̫ܵģǰǣ£ӳСãҶˣ


121 
ҵʮֲ,󣬰ͦףͷ,ֻһ߶,໹ɣ̬ȸڣѹֶŮҵ
ûϴҶҵķѧãҶĶʦϴʤ졣
ⲻҶͬʦϴ붼Ѫ
ƫƫֶŮ˸֪,
ǰҲֶŮ˵飬ҶĹϵٸھҸö
Ҫ,ƻҶʦϴĻ,ֶŮһܣֶ֪ŮȻһɶûе֪,˳ľҪ޸֪ࡣ
ϼЦкŴ£߸һˮ,СãҴͬҶȥس֤
ɶô죿Ҳͬ⣡
ϲˣŴҲæСãԺ,һúչ˽,ܿģ
ȴŵ֪ɶûУԸԲƾһ죬˭˵
ƫƫԼֶŮһжģ,ؿڿһϲ²ȥܵĽ
뵽ŴԺķǰ;̬ȺܼᶨСãŴҺܺãҲҳԿġ
һһͣ˸
ҶίҶҶɫÿɨɳλ֪
˵׼֤£Ҷ֪ղɫզôѿ
ŴҶίʮڣæͬк߳ҶίʾԺú
Ҷίˣ￴ŴֺڣҵЩʧ
ҶίǾҪǵѧһԺ϶ܹĺܺãɸλͬ־ҶίһƶԷ̤ʵҲ̫ˡ
ײ׹ŮֻϱֶŮֱӲ֡
ǰ֪ţͬ˵Ҫúÿû뵽žȻ֤
ȻԸ⣬ҶίҲ뵱ˣкһͬ³緹
ӳ˲˳Ҷί˵ɶɿŴ֪龢п˵ֶŮʮʧ
ŴҶҳ˸緹뿪ˣ뿪
Ŵ뿪ҶңæԼҶߣҶС϶Ǳ֪ƭˣ֪ɶûУƾһˣɶ̤ʵˡɲ֤ͬ
Ҷǰװģģ緹ȵ̣Ұֲװ֣ܵ˭֤
ҭƿԺҶһȻط顣
ҶίͬԼҹŮ͹ϵɲԼҹŮˣæҶԱ˷ûԵ㷹š
֣ˣҳԱˣҶأ
ҶίҶĻǴѣʮֲ
޳˾Ҷϱ£ܵˣҪǳ˾ҶϱŮ£˵ҽʦϴѾˡ
Ů˵Ҳھ£ܸҶϵôã
⼸˵˾Щ繤ȫǣԼȥ£ǣզŮ
ŮҪ磬ָԺزˡ
ҪҶ£Ҷѽ׹Ů
Ҷ뿪ߣ˵ƭ
ЩӣҶίҲǸͦ۵ģƭܣУڵҸöѹܡ
Ҷίһڷ⺢͹ʮˣƭܣ˵ȷʵûұϾװ֣ҲܲͷϣǸҲͦģֿҲ⡣
Ҷί˵˼ƴǣ˸ڳš
ĸۣҶίţҶϴ롣
Ŵ͵ſڣһ·ϣΪۡ
Ŵ˵˺תԴ֪ҶίֶŮҶίϱʮֺð׹ŮŴ֤ͬˣѼӸˡ
ڶʮ͵֪֧ԮͺˣǨŭϼӢҲ೦ӣ
ҪȢҶίֶŮԺҶίɽ飬ɶ£˵ԺܿҶίĹϵõũѧسǣ
ŴԽԽã˱ȥ֤СԲͬ˵¡
ݣŴ÷ſʮΣУھſڵ㣬ȥس֤ɲɣ
ڣŴ˵̫ϲȲ֤֤ĻŭţԼⲻѡ
ͬҲŴ⡮ʡǱɱ̥ˣҲ֤£ȻͬŴĻ
ӰﳵӻԼԺӣԶŵӸߴɩƮζѲɸߴɩ߼ֵը
Ӱֵͦ˵ģԼҺӻؼҡ
ӰгƽԺ³
౳¨ݣܲżʹ̵ľһæ࣬¨أСһСͨ죬ӰЦ㣬ȥǰԺ棡ȻСóԵģ
ܲһкóԵ۾С뿴йѼӵ飡
Ӱ֪⺢ȿɴúȥ˯Ĵ廭ſڿ緹
Ⱥò廭Թſڿ飬Ӱѽ켯Ķ÷ų
ֱʱ仹磬ɴȰͲݮϣܲ棬ܹźʣСɶ
֪ǺóԵģԺ»̵ĲݮܲæɴۣʿˮŬæһ֣
ӰǲֹӸɻúӰȷ£һ֡
ܲºСܹһ֡
ֻּԣûһӶˣҲۣһܲĿɸˡ
ֺͲݮӰȥϴ֣ܲԲ۾ʣСۼͲݮô
Ӱϴ˺צӣԸϴ֣ЦŻصûô죬ٹЩӣ
˵Ҳǵһøߴɩֲ˵ľͲݮӣϣԼҺõ㣬⼸һܴ˳
ܲеСʧ
Ӱһˮϴһ֣⴫Զ
ӰóܲȥţԸľļ౻ϴˣϴʱͦ˵ġ
Ӱϴʱ򣬳ܲһ΢е㽹ڵɶι
Ӱ˽е΢ִ࣬ͦģԵĳͬըͬǼģСԶԵģ
ԶŵӸһԵͦ˵ģ̣Ҹϴһԣ
ǷǳܺӻӭģȻߴɩĶˣǸԶԼҺӶԣԵĽζ
ܲԸһιһԼСߵۼҵóԣ
Ӱ˼Ըԡ
ܲҲߣԱ߿ϴԶҲţߴߴ˵
ӰӸԶв֪ߴɩԸǸԶðһٴ򣬰һ飬ԶҲҪߴɩֵͷۣǸøߴɩæȥɶӳԣŰ˺á
̣ƨɿˣرۣԶ˵ƨۣɳǸˣƾðһٴԸֵӰ֪˵ɶˣ⺢и֪
ԴӣܲʮУæɴ۶ŸԶƣûвˣͦģܲСЩã
ԶóܲܲСҲԶ׸ղϴ󻹸ԶúõģզͻȻͲأ
ҲͦóԵġ
ӰøԶԸԣȸԶһ뿪󣬳ܲСŵСԶﻵҲŲĶֳӰССԶϿˣۼ
ܲʱͬԶˣӰͬ⣬æҵķԷСԶһ룡
Ӱ֪⺢ӵľ϶ɶæĸСԶʰһ١
˲ԣҲϲСԶˣܲСر
ӰȻҲͬӣڴҶС³Тӡ⻰ˣҲֻͬ⺢ӱʾߴɩΪ˽СԶ²ŴĶãСԶģǸߴɩϵµһ⣬ߴɩۣܲ
СĲܲ۾ģӰһͣ´ϴֲܲܿС壬СһԴģӰæȻСģССĺӡ
ܲϽСɸˡ
ϴôãӰ緹ܲСβ͸ӰĶȥӰúȥ⣬
Ӱժ˵ʱ򣬳ܲŰæһժˣ߳ӰǣСϲϲˣϲС廹࣡
ӰأСҲϲϲˣ
СһüЦЦĸ
緹ӰˣһǴŹǣһǡ
ǴŹÿӶܲ˵ĺòˣζˡ
ⲻܲȳһǴŹǣˣСǷһǴŹǣԵ㣬ġ
ǰ⺢ӳԵɶò˶ϲӰ˵ˡϺóϺóˡγǴŹǵʱСһֻͷԲˣһ仰û˵˿뷹
ⷹ͸˵һγ뷹Ծ
ºӳ̫ŵӰúٶԷˣֻԲˡ
ȳ緹һǴŹǳԵĸɸɾģӰȻҲ˲Źǣɴ󲿷Źζ⺢ӳԵġ
һǴŹǲܲϻųСŹǺúóԣۼòã
Ӱ
¼緹ĲζƮڸ߼Һͷҡ
߼ΣߴɩһֱԼƤȥռˡ
߼ֵܳԺˣûģ߼ֵԴ޾ɣﶼϣɶʱһַøóԵľͺˣ
ңȻڣȥʳô˻ԣҲڣ˵Цϵʮ׽
ڳ¼ƮĲζȳԲʣЩ
Ҫ֤ˣԸӰù֪ͬӰŮìܣصعġ
û˵ӰӶöãʼɵĲ۵ĲС
Ҫ޸ţЩǮǮô
ʾӰŮַǸ߯ỨǮܼҵƼȥһ˼Уһ¨öȿۺˣ˵ųŲڣóԵģŵҺӡ
Ц͵ƣȢ˸ôܼҵϱ˵öãܹˡ


122 ڵ122
Ҳ˵ӰϼǮָǶʵǮ
˵˵Ӱġ
ȱôһѹ˵Ըȥٱ˼,ŻῪģԽҲԽָӰŮĽʼھ飬źġ
,޵ҧгݣҵһ֪ɶöզȢôһꡢɱǺꡢöˡզȢĲ㣿
ͨ,һıʾҪͬˣӰŮͻȻһܣԵ,ֳúÿˣָŲ,ӰŮ˾üį,͵͵ˡ
˵ⲻɫŲӰǺꡢ,ɻԼ˵,˲ˡ
ûɹЩʧ,ɫѿ,֪϶ӰŮн٣˼뿪
ߴɩ緹ӷ뿪⼸ûټȥȡ
ϻط,ߴɩ²µǰЩȱֶŮӵĹûˣզô벻ƷܻŮͬ־
˼һƻŸƲϵ,ȵãȻƽֶŮ˺ˡ
ŶŮͬ־ദ²Ȥ,ߴɩȴҪǻŸλŮͬ־Ժʮ֮˾Żᱻλͬ־ӡ
ϣԼ˰,ȻЩÿѵ۵ĺܣ˼˸Ͻ˯
ĲУǰ˵ľʹرϲ۵Ƥ
ԴӸӰǺꡢ˺öûˡ
ʮֲζֻӰǺꡢԽԽԽԽڡ
ߺǲܵģת۵µ
ҲӰ˼Ȱθ¶ø¶ϴͷƤְ˲٣Ƥ׵Щͨ͸ûƤҲи˿ǵļ׵һƴ
Щӣ飬ϻԼСԺڴƤ»Σ仯󣬿ɱ˻ܿȷʵְˣرۡ
ڸߴɩɩӼҶϱƼڰ۵Ƥ࣬׷̲סƤզġ
ӰֻԼƤرر˵˵ƹϣƤԽԽá
ȾɩǶ֪żҵмƬƹϷһʱƹھɩʮܻӭ
в԰˻ƹϵĻãûеֻȥһʱлƹϼ۸˼Ǯ
ͦ˵ģżҵզѱ׵ķˣû԰ӣȥƹ϶զš
ĩڼҳ緹Ӱɲ֪Щ£Ѿ뿪һˣܲʼСˣ˵Ӱˡ
˲ڣӻù
緹Ӱͦõİûɶԣɴ˼ҳǳ
ϴɾÿϻʮ֣ˮ죬ȻȹˮǣȰǽѰڹ﷭ȣʢ
ӰһѿǰַŴʮֺóԣﻻ°ĳܲŵζŵСܹӰɶ
ӰһŰСһ
ŴǳֺóԣܲԵĵɴۣæСúóԣرϲԣ
Ӱ˵СһﲻϲɶϴǴŹ˺öСҲûᡣ
Ǻ֮ǰͺԼ߼ֵϺɽġ
Ӱ˰ȥڸ߼ңúӸ߼ֵһԣܲ߳һ컹Ҫԡ
ӰȻ߼һԣͬһģ
ܲͷ
ڸ߼ҴɩԺţƼŰ׵
Ҳ֪զģһһס
ֶɶöⲻûܾԼСӱӱ飬һܳ
̣ܵܣ
̣ܵܣ
̣ϴ󣡡
ֵͬ£ںһӰ΢ЦߴɩԼûûƤȸϽȥ
ԶýȥÿҶкóԵġ
۾Ӱˣ־͸ʹһ㣬ɵҲǺӣԺóԵѹûɶֿʱʱǱƳȶӰЦĿ⣬־ֵȺˡ
ܵܣҼ棬ҵ˸ҪҪɵˣϲĵ
־Ҳʾܲȥ
ϴҵֵĵɺˣҵĽ棡Զ
ܲ类ܴĵȴӲƨҼСǳɺóԿɺóˣǵֻ棬Ҽǳرóԣ
ܲĻø߼ֵܿ̿ˮĲС
Ӱ͸ߴɩһͯﶼЦ
ӰԼҺӽȥ߼ֵһ棬߰һǳĸ־ˣߵϴһİܻܵųԣ
ߴɩǲͬ⣬ӰɩӣϴμӸϺɽģ쳢ζҪҪҲһţ
ߴɩ˵Ǽģɶǳ̫ˣӰ˵ûѶǣ˼ߴɩҲζһݸ־ˡ
־ʮֶ£ǣųܲܵܽݳ԰
ߴɩҲһŰζ̵ĳʮֺóŴߴɩæӣⶫֺóԵģǲǾǺɽǰ򣿡
Ӱͷ˵ǣ˵һЩӵȸˣرҲرӪ
ɽǣߴɩеĶ᲻ãﺢûɶԵģҪǲǣɶʱȥɽҲ˺ͺǳ
ӰɩӣȻԺˣ
ߴɩղûϸƣӽ촩һɫϥëش£ƴƤԵøˣڿ㣬ȱֱ޳ģʵ̫ˡ
ǰҲëش£ûһܱӴôÿ
ߴɩ˵Ҷһ˫۾һһ죬˸˲զô
ⳤ߯־߯ˣǰƯ
ߴɩҡҡͷԺš
ӰԼԺӵʱͬȴ棬ƼӰһһƯģֱѣӰڱѪѡ
ꡢһˣ
Ӱ


123 
ԷܵĿ,Ӱֻܰһꡢ佱ˣҪȻǵٳˤζ
Էϴνѵûܹ
ӰںԺϴ,ܻܲ͸˵ǴŹǡ
⺢ǴŹˣŹǣǴŹҲɶ£ʱ亢Ҳͦ,Ҳͬˡ
ӰһǴŹǺһ보Ģһϲ˵
ӳԷĶʱ,ͼԼӱ߶ͬԶߴߴվɶǰԺǽǾСƨɿֵСͲݮ硣
ԴͲݮ½һ³,֪Ժ᳤óԵ,Сһȥƣûг
ܲĲ,еʧ
ԶɶСܳɶóԵģǱ˵ζˡ
̿϶ò˸ϴˡ
û,ӰֺһܲæŵܻݣϣƼǴŹǣܲɸˡ
ԶҲųܲܣ뵽˵̼ҲûĿ,Զվſ,Ų
ӰԶСģЩЦ,ӸһǴŹǳ
ԹܶرϲǴŹǵĳܲãһγǴŹǵĸԶȳǴŹǵζǴŹǳԵ,ζóԵˡ
֮ǰϴ˵ǴŹϺóˣû뵽ôóԣ
ӰʸԶҪҪ̼ҳ
ԶʶͷӰܲԣʢ
÷˵ĸߴɩԼڼ֪С׼ܵ
Ӽҡ
ڴҶڳߴɩæ¼Ժˡ
ⲻ¼ԺͼԼӼľǰӼҳ
ߴɩûûƤĳСҪæݰ˱ߣʱ򣬼СﻹɶŹǿУеġ
ܲճԿŹǣҲеģߴɩҼǴŹǿɺóˣСԶرϲҼŹǣССԶҼҳ
Զߴɩ۾ǴŹϣҪŹǡ
ߴɩæ߱߳󺰣ӣҴҼûûƤȻȥˣǼԣ
Ӱʢ뷹ʱԼֻʣԼҺһܲŹǸͬԲǴŹǵĸԶССԶˣ
ͬߴɩˣҲ֪ߴɩǸռ˱ҪǿˣȻߴɩѸԶߣӰֻôݳˡ
߼ź͸־ֵܶڳżԼϱҸ´ӳ¼Ҵߴɩ˷ŵϣզ˸ôûûƤĳСӣ
żԼﻹŹǣԵģ֪ڵüûٳԺóԵġ
ƤĶӣҲ֪զˣæԲϱͺӶԷ
ȸߴɩȥʢȥʢ֮ǰߴɩԼ˺úÿСӡ
ߴɩȥڵüҳɶ־Ҳ
ǴŹǣررóԣҳ˺ü飡ԶºɰѸź͸־ĲУ־᲻Ҫ̫ĽԼˣҪСһͺˣʸԶǴŹɶζ
رóԣԶ߻أԼϳԵӺͻƹϣСɳˡ
־ˣŶǴŹǲզȤԼɫ۵ף˵ԴӵüҰСռ˶ٱˣСӵθڣŹǿ꣬æһӻƹ
ߴɩ˸Ӱɲͬˣߴɩ÷ŵͣɳֻһͣ˸ûһεζóˣ
ճ˺óԵǴŹǣٳԼҵĲˣԶ³
£صض˸ˣȻ뱻ԹԳԷۼҵĲȻȲģɱȴ󲿷˳ԵĺãҪϼң
ߴɩԼ˺ʢ÷Լ⻰ʮͬԼ˵Ļ
ѼСϼסһЩӣСӻķ˲
߼ֵܰԶǼǵڴĿӣ˵ԱˣֻܳԴȡ
ԶҲסˣæԹͷԷ
ңȻӻȾ񻹲ÿÿ뵽ЩӰŮְƯ˲٣ĽԲˡ
Ÿڳ¼ƮĲζӹĲҪ̫á
ӰŮ˹ԽãԽԽۺ죬ԽԼǱ˼Ӱơ˹
֣ɶĻ˵˳ЩۣķȻͷͻͻֱ̱ģеƯģ
ȻȻҲʼɹţѹһѹˣٶʼɳţҲںɶ
Ȼżҵģľǳ죬ȴ÷ȻάӰŮˡ
ǻˣ
ЩӱСӰŮ˹ˣǲǺꡢˣ
Ȼŭ⻰Ҳ˵
ȸտʼЩ飬뵽ЩӷȻúͺãɴڵã˵ˣӰǺꡢˣҪզһˣȻ㵱Ȣҵʱ˵Һõģûĵģ
ȿ޿亰߿߷ȻķȻɫ࣬ûԣˡ
Ȼճ·߼ң߼ҴԺųţԶƼȻҴˡ
ߴɩڷϴֹʵզֿʼˣզÿͣ
ŻأĶ֪


124 
Ҹڳ,ӰȻҲˣȵĹϵҲö,ҪȥԷΪû,Ҳû˼ɶʥĸ
ʰ꣬һһСϴ裬ӰԼҺȥ
ʱ仹,ܲдս̵,Ѿ̵٣λӼԼ򵥵ʮλӼ,СһѧҲ,дд,սһڡ
Ĭдʱ,ӰһӹһԱߴë߿Ĭдһٵ֡
ܲдִһʼĿİддͦ,ид,Ӱָһ,ܲдӰԱ֯ë㡣
ëģѾˣ,һ,ë㣬ѾԼŵëë㶼Ĳֻ࣬ʣë㡣
ӰЩʹļһ
ëëǴ,Ҳ֪ɶʱ⼸죬ӰԽԽˣû˸뿪ʱĵﵣĵôûؼҳɶ¡
ֲ˵ɩʮֲס
ͦ尾ģæҲûɶæܰϵģֻܺúտտӣԼ˻
ӰںĴ⣬εֽеӰ˰Ѻӵ֣ҲЩæʺдû
ܲԼĬдһٸָСӰһ飬ȷûӰúϴ˯㣬
Ӱղŷŵļˮ̳һ˼ʽˮűܲѣȺģůСһڱﲻͣӴͷͷѵʱȵĺ˵ģ߹ĴӰϴ˯СۼҴůˣҪҪҲ˯ˣ
ӰӲܲСԴչСܲЦĿɸˣ۾գգͿ
Ӱ֪⺢զͻȻôã
˺ȥһȵţ̸Ӻȡ
Դţվţ̣춼⺢Ӻһ룬ţеֲ𣬺Ӳ󰮺ȣӰ˿ǣźӺţ̣˵Ժ᳤øСһߣ⺢ӲǿԸȡ
նȵţ̣ܲСǾᣬдŲȡ
ǰЩҪŴëëҪ飬Ҳûո⺢ŪɶóԵģţ̸⺢˫Ƥԡ
Сһţ̣Ӱú˯
Сҵ㣡һ˯ܲŴ۾濴ëߣһŵСҲϲţ̣
ϲû£С㣡Ӱ룬ûͣ
ܲΪСͬ⣬ͬţ̣ܲɴۿɸ˼ˡ
ӰһԺ治ţˣ
ܲæͷСڣæҲţҲܳøСһߣ
رߣʹˣߣ׸綼ͷСӲţԺ˳ø߿ɲס
ӰѺӸ˼С۵ף˵ţ˫Ƥ̣СӲԣ
һ£պ룬һëһ
Сүë㣿ܲʡ
ӰЩȣѹû⺢ӣ⺢զ֪ģ
֪Ӱ룬ܲСԶ˵ģүë㣬ҲУҵĿɺÿˣ
ܲ˵Ҫȥľ¹ëë԰ڣӰץסʹܣҲûӳƺ⺢ӰզɣѴõëľ¹񣬻˯ϴһһС˯ʱ򣬳ܲʾëëõģС϶ϲ
ӰƨСһСܲɶʱܴëë㡣
Щӣ˴ӰҴñӡ
ܲ˯֮ǰɻʣССɶʱ
Ӱ˵ҲˣҲ֪ɶʱĺ˯ʾˡ
һһСɶʱ˯Ҳ֪
ڶգҲûɶ£ɴͬ˯һߵ𴲡
Ӵ·úȥǰԺ棬ץһѺ춹ãȻţ̺ͰǼӵ˫Ƥ̡
˫Ƥ÷ųš
ſʼϡּ嵰һĢ緹Ͳࡣ
緹ã춹ǣһ̵ĺ춹˫ƤϣӰһڣеɳɳĺ춹们۵˫Ƥ̣ζⲻղ˫Ƥ̵ʱ˵֭ûһζ
ٷһЩóԣҲզҸӳԷʳ
ȵ˫Ƥá
ܲŵζڰæ˲ˡ
Ӱװ򵥵ĵӸӶˣϡ
һһС緹ʱӰûųϡǵźӵһװ۵˫Ƥ춹ԡ
ܲһڼ嵰ϡ嵰ϡЩ϶࣬Сǰ˫ƤϣûԹء
ʱС˫Ƥ̣ܲˮˣ˲óԸ嵰æʣСɶҲԡ
Ӱһ˫Ƥ춹ιںߣܲԣȳ˫Ƥ춹ζ˫Ƥ춹ۻζʮֺϳܲθڣԵĵóԣԵĳܲ۾ԽԽ۾ԲС̾
ӰѺС۵ףЦȴȵţվţģС֪㲻ţ̣ҲûķݣȻ㲻ϲţ̣СԺҲˣ
ܲ
Ӱ˵˫Ƥ̳ԣ̵˫Ƥɳɳĺ춹Ҳԣһ׽һιһ˫ƤûþͱӰԵ¶ˣܲһʼЩᣬۼСܿ˫Ƥ̶ˣܲҪˣĲУæСֻóԵģţô
УӰӲĳС˫Ƥ̳꣬úӳ緹ȥǰԺ档
ϴ꣬ԺŴߴɩɤҲӣȥɽ򲻣
ӰæԺſţߴɩվ⣬һ򲹶Ļɫ£һһҪŸɻĴ硣
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ӰӦһӽԺ档
ԶǰԺҳܲ棬־ֵȥ
ӰߴɩԺſ˵Ҫȥȥɽ
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ӾԺ棬Ӱﻻ·
ⲻ齱û飬ѵȥɽһֳкˣץɶҰûԼҺһֱų⡣
Ӱ㿪̳ǰ棬齱רһʮһγ齱ᡣ
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Ӱտʼ飬Σηһеᡣ
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Ӱ齱Σ΢õ㣬бļ׺һ׸ߵƷ
˷ôγ齱ᣬͳЩӰЩᣬֳΣһϴ·ۺһӺˡ
Ӱˡ
ϵͳе𣺡Ĵγ齱ᣬϴ·Զռ䣬һӺ˽뻹ʹãѡ񣡡
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ӳʮֺ棬ɶǵһγС
̣û־ʡ
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Ӷȥɽ־ͱȽϴȽ϶£ܵסСģӰ͸ߴɩҲͲġ
ߴɩӰ˵ҳܵİԡ
ҼϸǰЩӸ˲ٹƷǰ컹ɣզˣߴɩ߱˵Ȼҵʱɫжѿʮ֮**˵ɶĻֵӣûƼѿɫҲ֪˵ɶ
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ߴɩһҵ֪࣬˹˹ĵģӲߣĻɣզϹƷܻλŮͬ־
ԱûɶˣߴɩֱֹˣӰȴɶˣŴλ֪Ҳɶˡ
ЩûҶ˵˳Ƥ䷹⣬ҶίŴھҷɼ򵥵Ĺ
ŴԸȢʮ֮**Ҷίݣ⡣
ߴɩȣңҲͬӰ꾫ˣҪ˵ڶզ಻ö಻á
ԴͬŴ֤ӹԶĺãͬŴ͵øȥ֪㣬ȥһܲ˻ؾˡ
УŴرʮͳԵĶǴԲҲûɶǮҪ˽Ǯ
ҪŴЩôͬŴ֤ˡ
Щ˵ӰզãҲⲻƽ⣬һȿߣߡôҪˣզȥٱ
һᡮٱ£е飬ϴεĽѵٺҾٱ˵Ҳûɶ֤ݣֻ˵˵
ϴδһΣﻹܷһզ죬æ˿ɶϡһϵûУǳųûƼӰŮÿ컨֦չģ빴ɶ
ûȥٱҲûɶ֤ݣеʧ˵ӰŮһرëش¡
ۺҲۺĲС
һëشرҪʮ飬оЩطһëش´ʮҲеġ
Ӱһզ𣬿϶ǻŵĹʡ
ۺʼɣ֮ǰַٴ˶ٺãҲûԼëش¡
ȴ뵽׵ǳ˾ëشĺöǾģӰŮ˻ŵǮġ
޸˾˾ңɶöûУС˵˾Ҽҵر
ԽǶʼۺӶˡ
ҪûӰŮ˸ţڹĺӻģЩģ
ԽԽޣָ
̾һզôһֵϱ۾ǲ֪ԴӳųŮÿ쿴񶼴ӣأôһֵŮˣųڣ
һͻȻи⡣
˵ţִе֪ӰŮͬߴɩɽȥˣȺﶼӰɶš


125 
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Ȼ˵ɶԺ⺰
Ȼæȥûп,һһ,żҵںɽһͷײҰ,һҰ
ȻʮֳԾ,ھô,û˵˭Ұû,Ӧ¡
ⲻ֮ǰӰɶŵȺų˵ӰŮһͷײҰ
ѹ,Ҳ,ԼȥӰɶæ,æţҰҰûܼҰأ˹ˣءп,˿ûϹæ
ȻһΡ
ʵԳżҵļһֻҰŰ,ϴ϶ɾ˵ɶһͷײҰɽ
ɽϸ֪ͨǵĸ־ֵȵĻˡ
ֵܹ־ȵּ̾Ұˣر,ֵܶƼˣ̺ɽҵҰģ
Ҳ͸־Ļ
ȻϱҪɽ˵
ȻɽȴŲɽһΪԸ֮ǰأδܼҰҰãҰޣ
ҪܼɶҰԴߣ
Ȣɰ˱ӵ˴ù
ȻϱָɣһֱϱԽ˵Խ֣ŻһԣҲ֪˵Ȼңɫ࣬ǳ졣
ȻƢҲ£֣ۿҪˡ
æ˸ڴˣȻ͸ˡ
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ҲҲǣ
ͯɵĻ뷽ȻӶУȻֶһɫ׽⾫ѿЩȴȵķιܣһ͵ǳɫĲûιȥ
ŲûͷƾͲµɫ϶ѿɿһæԼҶ໰ĺˡ
·ϣţţţɽæҰ
ţųԾû룬Ӧ
˵Щӣӹ˲٣ʦӵ˰ɲرӣţſرмʦܲæ
־ɽ
ɽߴɩڶӵĺûղ˼˴뱳¨ëܲץɶҰ
ԼȥһӴܲ
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ֲܼ޸š
ӰߴɩһֱƣЩ֣ʵɩӣզ
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ҺҰûͺײײ
ỹЩ¡
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Ӱأܲ˷ܸ˵ҰСզ񵽵ģȷҰԼײģźţ˶ˡ
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СӣҪţզܸСɽű߸ţҰ
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һֻҰû˫Ƥ̵ĳܲҲԴûˣˣӰǣźӵɽ
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źţŰҰ̧¼ԺӣķȻæ
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ⲻϴȥɽֻҰҰãһëš
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ӰѹûעȣԺӺ󣬰ºԼҺӸ߼ֵǰԺ棬иźţڰҰɱˡ
ɣźţӦ£ȥˡ
żҵļһͷҰԽԽ䶯
ⲻûãʹ˾֪ͬ־𾪵ĲУʦҶί˵¡
ʦҶίڵ֪ϱںɽһͷҰ°Ͷϡ
ʦҶίЩסȥ¼Ժơ
ͲСҲøһ֣ʦԼϴȥմ֣ơ
ҶίԼҹŮȥմ֡
Ӱ˵ʦҶίһˣֶŮ˾ϱӰȻںɽһͷִַҰֶŮûŻ
ҶίͬŴڿ˵ڳ͵͵զƾɶҰ
Ӱã֮ǰͬӰŮɶţת۶ԷһͷҰžžɫܺÿŹˡ
ղһˣЩ˶ӰииؿڱĻţֻ޲ͷҰɶײӰǼˣײɶ
ԼֶŮɫãﲻ֪զˣⲻһֺԼҶŴԽԽƲۣѹֶŮզôһˡ
֪˵˾λűˣʦŶԶԶȲҪȻһƤҲ䷹
ۼһҶҪʦ֤飬ҶίҲԽԽҶŮɶҩûãп˵⺢֤ˣҲ˵ɶ⺢ѵĻֻǨŭµĳ˾ϱ
Ҫû£ָѾ޽ܼˣҶɶ¡
ҪҶڳ͸ˣָһҶҪɶ£ҶҶֵܹϵܺã
ۼЩӣҶҶֵܹϵҲ˲٣ͷơ
ɶ¶˳ֻԼֶŮȥ׽Ҷ
ȥŴһֺҶίʶеƲˣּҶίɫ̬룬ʮֲø
һȥ¼ԺҶίš
ŴڵøҸһȥպҲͷҰŴ˵ֺһȥҲ뿴ӰŮ˼Ұ


126 
Ҷίȥ¼Ժӵʱ,¼ԺＷ˲ˣŮŮУ󲿷ǿֵľɩ,Ұɱˣʮ֡
ⲻ,ɩҲ˵˳żҵļһֻҰϹ֣ƼżҵǰԺһͷҰջ˵żҵиĶۺ졣
ӰһѪ˽,Ҷһ԰æ
׻˵ۼΪʵ,Ҷί˾ϱ桮ôһͷҰ⣬ﲻɸпϱá
ϴҰáҰ,һͷҰ,˾ϱ治һи
Ҷίĸп,ŴƼǰԺɱͷʴҰ,۾͵صɴ󣬺,Ӷ,ͷҰզӰŮ˼
Ŵ۵̰,޲ͷҰⶼ񡯵ģ۾ҰŲۡ
Ҷίȥͬ˵͵͵ɱ˹ϵզҪǺ,ȻܲöԷ⡣
Ҳ,Ӱԡ
ԸͷҰǱ˼ģҲĺá
ؿڱϲ²ȥԽͷҰԽĻţ֪ղžͲˡ
Ӱĺ,ⲻȥͬһۺɩͼӴ˵ҰǹҵģϽ
ɰѸߴɩĲС
ݾ͸Ӱ˵ӣŮͬ־治ɶûɫһҪǸɱҶղվߵͬ־ǲ޵ˡ
ղӰҶûעˡ
ߴɩݣӰҶҲȷȷʵӡ
զɩӣӰʡ
ⲻߴɩȰǰԺͼӴ׹ĶϽҰ˵һְͨλͬ־˵һֻͨƹͬ־һΣջȷϴλΪͬ־ǸõģȢƷܻ˴ùû뵽ҲôûûƤ⣬ѲΪЩǴģӦǾ仰һ˲һţӶɶûɫ
ðɣҲ֪һֻҰ̫ͷˣĶϽҰǲܵġ
Ҷһóżҵĸ⣬һĻĶóżҵϽҰҲˡ
˻ᣬߴɩЩҰզ
ô϶Բֻ꣬⣬ڴֶ֪ӼһֻҰȫ⣬Ҳۺ졣
ߴɩɴղŲҰզ
ϴαȾٱиڣӰɲٸԷѱٱͶѣ
ߴɩĻȴⶼɼУƽҲϡɩȥж⣬˵ҲһΣֲͶѣҪҼϸҪǼ۸ʣҶԸһ㣬˭ٱ㲻ͱ˺ôҲʡۺ죡
ߴɩҲΪ룬ô⣬ⶼԲֲ꣬ڣ绻Ǯ㡣
ϸҲ˼ӣҶҲͦͬġ
Ӱ֪ߴɩΪãȥ飬Ҳûɶ⣬룬Ҳͬ⡣
ӰɴɩӣøŸʮ⣬Ķˣһһ鲻ҪƱ
۸᲻̫ˣ˵۸񻹲ҪƱߴɩĶ򼸽ˡ
ƽɼһһ廹ҪƱҰζɧȼһЩٱҲ⣬Ҫȥ۸ôһƱҪƱҲһߡ
һһ鲻ҪƱֱ̫ˡ
ߴɩñˣҶҲñˡ
񡯵һͷҰҲۺģɴɩǣ˵ҪˣɲΪҰ⻵Լ˵ɩӣͰ˵ļ۸Ҳû׬ɶǮҲ֪ƽⲻףôγҰζ
ǳɣھͳȥҼϸ˵ߴɩǰӺãڸǾ˼һ˿Ȳϡ
ˣðôҰ
ȸߴɩʱбۺˣҲвҰ⣬˶Ұ۸զ
ɼȻֹ򵽣ҪҰ۸ʣǶһ㡣
ߴɩ˵Ұ۸˵һͨҰһһ鲻ҪƱ
۸еǱ˵ĲٱˣҪƱ
ⲻ˵ɱĸšţšίԾššʤ켸Ҷίһ
ԭۺһȺ۸񣬻һը죬͸ȹνȥˮž첻ͣ
ĴǴӵ˵
˲ţ߼ҵģһҰһ黹ҪƱ
ǻм٣˵ˣҲû뿿ͷ׬ɶǮ֪ⲻףⲻôҳҰζߴɩɤŴӰЦνѪҶ˵һỰԳݸԺ˵һһǮҪƱֳżʾøżʮ⣬ˡ
Ӱ˵ҵȻţձٹ˲ۺ죬۾׷׷׷ǲģ
ŸտʼΪò飬æѵã⼯вҪƱզһëһϣһһ̫ˣ
æɱĸšţšίšżҲæ˵
ӰۣӰţܡ񡯵ֻҰã´ο϶ûˣҲ֪ɩƽⲻףҪǸߴɩ˵ԣҲûɶҰ⣬ȻҪΪ˼զܲҵæҰ͸ߴɩ˵ģû׬ɶǮôҳҰζԸ򣬲ԸҲɡҪ˹ٱͶѣҿɵð֤֤
˵ĺãҶίͷԳ˾ϱָ߿һۣ˾ϱ˼û˵ҪȢĺöϱζЦѣ۹զô߰æ˵ƽɼеۿɲֹôǮżҵ۱˿һңҿɵ飬ҳ󻰿ɷǰ棬˭ҪǸҺϹٱżҵͶѣ߿ɲ
ҶίŻղЩۺ˵ɶСֱҲóżҵϽҰĻ
˵͸żҵ˵һҰĺֻһΣôһ룬Ҳƽˡ
ּҶίҰ⣬һһǮҪƱҶίǮˡ
һʱǰԺĴ˵ۺ˵Ự׷ǰ⡣
ǹû˴ҲûӰҰϽԼٱ£ֱţɫѿˣֻܻˡ
ƫƫȥ·ϣŴûƼѿɫһĽһͷҰһһǮҪƱҲһٿǮզҰ
ҲզҰģ˼ҲûôǴһٿǮ﹤һ¼һûôǮŻѪĥơ
ŴȴŽҶίҰ⣬Ͳش֪Դˡ
¼ԺҰһǮһﻹҪƱʮֱʵˣҰؼҵʣ˵Ұ۸ɩ¼ԺҰ⡣
ⲻһ磬˸ŸӰĶʮ⣬ⶼˡ
æɱĸżҲ׼ľͰˡ
ŰҰǮȫӰһǲǰʮ顣
ӰզܲŸţǮлǳš
ȴ˴Ұ⣬ҵɱĶˣţ⣬ίԾšˣҲæˡ
ӰȸίšҸȥҰ⣬ҶҲ
ҶƷǲģɽҶίҶ٣ٲֶŮҲøҶίҶʾʾ⡣
ҰļҶʮָˡ
ίšżϱ֪Լȥ¼ҰæɱȻ֪żҵĿ϶͵⣬û뵽˼ô󷽸⣬ǻΪ¼ϱһͲˡ
Ȼ
˭ϲ
ҼҾװ׵ҰɩӸ˵ĲУ˵ûҼҾõɩˡ
ɩӸӰ˵ûӶ࣬׷׿и
Ҷң͵Ұ٣żҵģ˵һͷҰզôҼңϵرã
Ӱķ̣﷭˸ۣҲӣҪ٣⻹ң
б˲ռɵӣð⻹æҰȥ
߳ɳϵ˵Ӱ˵һͷҰȻôҰ⡣
ҲӰҰ٣˵
ɣҶ㣬֮ǰΪӰ㿴ôһͷҰ͸ôҰ⣬򷢽лأ
Ҳǰѣ˼ҹƾ˵ĺ㣬ҿ˾Ȣϱ治զʵڣôۼңǴ򷢽лɶ
Ҷ䣬̣Ҫ٣ҪҰ⻹żҵģ˼ҵҲǴģһһǮҪƱżҵ͵ˣ
仰ҭֶŮƿԡ
ҶίŴŽţҶ¸ҶίҶίֶŮѵһ٣ŴһµҶίһ仰Ұæ˵ֶŮƤ̫ǳϹҶί
ҶܼҲԶӰҰȥʦҡ
ҰţżҺ͸żҡ
źţŽ࣬ӺɽҰ⣬ɱҰӰȥţҺ͸߼ҡ
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Ӱͣ˵˼Ҷ⣬ţɩ£żҵˣţɩֱп־˵żҵַôҰ˵;͡
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ţŻ֪żҵĸҰ⣬ţŶЩˡ
ţżҵҲַ߯ţɩĿڳɣʵ˵㣡Ҫͼ˸¼ң
ɣ
ˣţżҵҰһһǮţɩӰʵţŵȷϣţɩֱ̾żҵ߯ʵ˵㣬һҰզֻһǮҪһͷҰ᲻ֻһһǮ
ţɩ߾óżҵ߯ˣ߼ҸߴɩҲýˣ˵ء
һʼҲõˣҵ˺ô˲ۺãϾʮҪӰԺŽڵǾõرʮִ󷽣һ㲻ˡ
һͷҰǵüģǮ׬Ե´ҵ죬ҵ˱˵üһҲʡ˺¡
ϾڴõһͷҰ˲ۺǲܵģҪѪΪȥٱ¡
ߴɩҲɾۣôֻһһǮҪƱҪͷҰģ᲻һֻһǮҪƱ
ߴɩ˵ɶԺ⴫żϴߴɩæȥš
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ߴɩ治Ұ⣬ӻ˵ϣֻ£ʱϡ
ߴɩô⣬ûȥһЩӰѾҽȻԼԺˡ
ߴɩ
Ӱ߼⣬ɰѳŵȿۺ첻ѣղѾӰ˲ҰţҲЩڣ֪Ӱܡ񡯵һͷҰ͸ȥɽϰæҲܰ׵üҰء
ղûȥ¼ԺҰ⣬ӰŮ˿϶׬ˣզ񵽵ҰŮզôզɶ¶ķݣ
ĸ۵


127 
Ұı,Ҳ࣬ҼһҰ,Ĵζ
Ӱպã˵ζⲻƮ,ɰѷȻӲˡ
Ȼȥʳȥֻˣʳ,ʼӰ׬󷢵һֱ,ѳԣӰС,һͷҰ,ȻһҲ,ķȻ
ǺꡢƲۼ,ҸղſƼż˲⡣ƾɶƲۼҲۼ⣿ԽԽʼɡ
ɶæû˼ƾɶ⣿ŰżҵĿҰɽ,ɱ,żҵ߼ͼҰҲ,ҪȥæżҵĿ϶Ҳۼ⣡Ȼһ仰µƿ顣
ȴӰŮ˻⣬˵Ǻң׹,˵,ƾɶȥæ
Ⱦ϶ӰŮƷС
ȻˣϱɽæҲˣżҵˣҲϱ򼸽,ϱǲϡ
ۼûȴżҵƷУһֱȻͻͻţҲеۣϽԷ
߼ңڵ֪øҰֱ࣬޵ô־Զֵֻ֪Լԣɰֵܸ˵ĲС
Ұ⻹ûԶĿˮˡ
ڳ׼ĸߴɩԼСӵ˷ܸ˵ĴɤţСˡ
߼ֵǰԺһ᲻ģܳԼȥզóԡ
߼ֵ˵ҲԼϱҰ⣬ҰѵãʡϱϹЩҰ⡣
ߴɩ˸ۣ˵ԸȥզҰˡ
ߴɩȻզҰ⣬᲻÷̫ͣŵҲŵĿٿѣΣɶ᲻öš
ҺӸĶ꽴һ뱬ҰζɣûҰζζóԣҲûѳԡ
߼һԷһ뱬Ұ⣬һ˾Ͳˡ
ѵã߼һڳԵĽζֱ¼ԺӱҰζƮ
־²۵㳴û̳㣡̳ɶζզô
ҲͣߴɩСӲԾͱ⣬ȴСӸղųԵ࣬Ұⲻóԡ
ߴɩҲɶ˶ô㣬ӿ϶ҲҰԣζҲ߯ˡ
Ҳζ߯ˣԼҰԣǺģҰⲻǰԵζζɡ
ųԵĽζСӵҪٲ˵ɰⶼԹˣ
ѵһγ⣬־ֵܵʱҲ²ۣûĺóҲ⣬æͷԷԡ
Զ˼Ҫˣߴɩϳԣܡ
Զֻʵԡ
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Ұû̫ȴζܲر𰮳ԣĹĹĵģӰúԣ
ܲͷķ˶ȥʣССɶʱۼ϶ˣСԲۼҵҰС̫ˣ
Ӱ΢ЦһԣֵܲСˣȥɽټһͷҰС
Ӱ˵μһͷҰһδͷټһǲˣϾҲɵӣҰûпܣδμҰ˰ɣҲ̫ۺ졣
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һһСӰʰ꣬ǰԺ棬İ򵹳һЩȣ߲鿴̳ǵĻ֡
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ܲһҲæȰ
һһСİ򶼲꣬ӰѰ񵽱¨ɨɾ棬ŰðĺӴȥϴ衣
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ܲĲУҲ˫Ƥ̣Сͣǣûá
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̽ԺСֻãĺóԵĶԣ
ܲһڲˣҪ˵㻰ʾԶɱˣҴ꣬ٸզҪǵӿɶˣҪӣҪһֱϲңҸ㵱ӣҿˣϲţˣ
ⲻӰţ̺ȡ
⺢תеӰеԾţ̻ˣϺţ̣
˵ȥԺϴֺ緹
⺢ӿϳԷˣӰһԺ⴫Ӱմȥš
ܲʮµȥţȥ֮ǰܲСҿɹˣ˶ûҹԣ
Ӱ
Ӱһڲˣ߷뺢תôԭ򣬺ȥ̫ûӰݣͼľȻ
ûǴ֮ǰµӿɲС
һԼҺڣӰúȽݳ緹ܲͲϲܻݡ
ȷӰŰܲ⹷Ӻ⼤ϲӰɶæϼɫ̽ʵżҵģզ⺢տ޹
ӰѶԷ˷ܵɫ۵ףøŮ˷ϻͬ־㿴ˣ
ŮĻ̫װҪȻŮզôļѺӺݲӴй
ҪûûŰӣܲ⹷զܿޣ
˵ŮŰܲ⹷̫ң˵滰
ֻϴԸ̫УԷһƻھˣţ˱
޵Ӱȴûʱ˷ѹ˾Ͳ˺Ƥˣɶ˵ģͬ־Ҫû£Ȼݳ緹ˣҲûɶ˵ģˣ
Ӱ˵ҪԺţæסȵȣżҵģ£صظǸġ
ⲻ֮ǰŰӵԶϣԼժĸɸɾԼ˵Ķ޹ж޹Ӱֻ뷭ۡ
ôôúŪ
ǰû֮ǰСһֱҸǣߣС˵ĶˣΪ޽¼ңŸ֤ҾˣСòģС֮ǰҲΪңżҵģǧҵĴǧСãҪ־͹ңۿ΢
΢٣ҲѾ֤ˣҲ뿪ˣԵǿˣڶرã
ⲻ˵Լ˶öãߣӰƤˡ
żҵģҶûɶ⣡רǸҪԭңǸֱԭΪֹһϿҵ
뿪ӰһֲǸĹǻɶԷɶĿģϧһʱ벻ԷɶĿġ
緹ݣݺ󣬴ȥѧУϿΡ
ת۹˼ֵ壬⼸죬ǸС
ⲻˡ
˵ǸҶȥܼҳԷ
ԭŸҶǰѾ֤ˡ
˶ǵ͵ӣûɶ磬ֻҳԸ켸ϯͲˡ
ɣ֪ˣӰͷ
䵭̬Ȳ⣬ĵżҵģرãҲ˵رãҲ㵱ѣڶԳûɶ˼ǧ룡˶رãŮͬ־˲иԸʱʱ˵ųôûûҿˣҪңҿܲԼôòһҲˣҪԺδγôãŮͬ־عô
Ӱûɶ飬Ҳ˵˵ȥЦݼڿʮҼ޸ˣߣֶҺãҳԲ죬˱һ
һۡ
ӰǰһѹɶӦ˵ȥæһˡ
ߴɩǰƼҹӼΣƼϳ¼Ժš
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ߴɩôӰ΢ЦæЩǸ˵һͨ
ɶߴɩһһ⡣
ߴɩλŮͬ־ûɶøУǰλŮͬ־ۺӼһͷҰĶӰҰϽ
ߴɩæŮͬ־϶ûɶģӣɲţ
֪ˣɩӣӰĹ⼸еᷳԷһֱÿζԷһѷϻԼ˶զզá
е㲻ɶ
ÿÿ˵˶զôôãѲŴ֪࣬Ը޵ıãǰҫ
ͬߴɩ˵һỰߴɩԼԺǰӰһ˽顣
ߴɩҲ˵źҶί׹Ů֤£ƵʱԼҲҪ
ƽһ˽һͲ࣬ʦ֤飬ָҶͬ־ϵͦߴɩ顣
ɣлɩӣ
ݺӰʮ飬˸ʦҹϵƺͦ׽ģҶϵҲ
ϣӰһһǡ
˻ǰţɩר͵ġ
رÿζӰԣܲ⺢رϲԡ
ϴϴ衣
Ӱӽݣǰõҵȥõ˫Ƥ̼Ӻ춹˽ӳԡ
Щ죬ԼҺرԣҲߣţˡ
ӰҲһпգҲһ˫Ƥ̸ӳԣݸںԱߣҵ߳ԡ
ܲƼһ̰׼Ӻ춹˫Ƥ̣۾ɸˡ
Щû˵˫Ƥ̣˫ƤˣܲһҲιӰ
ӰԸԣѾˢԶˡ
ܲһιԼȳ˫ƤĺζܲԵֱ۾رܣС˫ƤϺóϺó
ӰÿαԱ߿飬˺⻰ЦϲԾͶԵ㣡绹ԣСٸ
ܲҲԣС
ɣҵһС飡Ӱ
ܲͷ
αûҳԺţôˣҲ֪˭ң
ӰţſվǸԶ⺢ӣæ⺢ӽԺӡ
ԶһצץһѸӰߵ̣ҼҰɺóˣ˵Ҷϴԣ
Ӱºˤ룬æӹߴӽݡ
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ԶҲ֪Դϴ̴ȥҳ緹ˣϴͲˡ
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ϴҼҵİˣҪҪһţԶŰ˷ܽȥԱߣԼ
ܲһһ˫Ƥ̣ҵ
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Զˣ̿ˮʣϴԵɶͦóԵģ
ܲһ⵱ŸԶһ˫ƤøԶˣԣҪ⣬Ҹһڣ
ָܲһʮλļӷԶǸѧرϲΣλļӷЩʮλļӷ
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ԶĲʺƨϴ
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ӰߴɩҪˣݾͼԶܽߵ̣ܲңҲҲϴˣ
ìܣӰ͸ߴɩȸԶܽݣӰæȥԼҺզԶìˡ
ԶƢر𲻴Ӱ²ʮ֮**ԼҺǸԶˡ
ܲСԼСʵСҸСԶϲ˭
ӰȻѡԼҺӡ
ȳܲԼС˵ϲɸֵ⣬ſӰ￩ЦСһﱾͳþ£Цʱ򣬽ëһһֳŨܣƯСҲˣҲ˵ˣҵ˫ƤҲһԣ
Ӱ
ӼҵȺˢϴ˯
ܲſӰСҲϲˣϲϲ


128 128
Զ˵ٲܲҲϴ,һԹ緹󣬳ܲ˫Ƥ̳ȥ߼ңû,Զ͸ڳܲƨƨߺϴӰ֪øпԼҺ̫˻ǸøпԶ⺢̫úˡ
Ӹһһһ˫Ƥ̡
ܲеԶĿˮ,һ㣬ʣµĴȫˡ
ۻ˫ƤһγԣѹûԹĺö,
Զʮϲ,ܲʣڰʣµ˫Ƥȫˡ
˫Ƥ,Զδ,붼ĸɸɾ,ӰƼ,ȥøԶ,ͬܲȥ档
ԶӰ,˫Ƥ̿óһûԹôóԵĶ,رر𻬣Ҳرóԣ
Ӱ˵Զ⺢ɶϲԣ˫ƤӦʮֺϺӵθڡ
Զܲȥ档
ܲȥ°ͶӰǰЬ
Զһᣬûɶ,һ,ܲȥ棬ɴԸȥˡ
ʤԹһȥܼҳԷ
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ⲻҶϴŮ⼸촦Ĳզ⼸һμܶû￴ĳˮݣ
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ɩǿѵóĺòˣҹ˲˵ͷԷԲˣ
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ɩҲ۹ͦģҶͬ־˹ģְƯҶίϱֶŮѹûȣÿȢҶͬ־ҪȢλͬ־ʦӵú
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˵ţɩӻˣϽͻ˵رܡ
⻰һȻۼ粻ⶥñҪͷϣŻѪĻЩš
ԽԽʦҶίӡίɩӡߴɩһ˴ӿ⻰ˣ졣
Ҷίɫѿʵλͬ־ɶϵ
ۿ΢װøǺ˵ģҲ֪żҵΪɶҪô˵ңҸͬ־׵ģ΢٣ֳӰżҵģǰȥҵǸһΪԭˣ֪ԭôǺң
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ƫƫ껰䣬ţɩӺӰŴܳ־ǲǸñˣӰЦֶŮһȴŰˣҡҡ׹Ե
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ɶ
ɶ
ҵϣ
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ۼԣ־սŵһĨˣʤס־æԼûϵ
Ǳ߽Ʊ绹˵Ӱʤɴ־˵ʵ˵ȥѶʣţˣѪɫȥĻұ־ղ˵ʹ״ҶίС
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ŵĻɢ۰һ˹ȥصһ棬ûȥ
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Ŵñֳôһͨ£һ飬ûע⵽æˡ
ʦ˵üﾯԱŮͬ־־ͬ־ȥѶҡ
ӰлʦֳźҶ㱧ǸһǲƻҶŵľϯʵҲŮ̫ˣɲԺٿھġ
źҶƳżҵҪ̫ͬ飬ӾŮͬ־̫װˣϱܴίˣÿ˰ϱǺõģصסҪȻԺˣǻû˾ӽ
ʦԼϴҶί׹ŮλŮͬ־񶾵ģûô񶾱ﲻһװġ
һֱͦкøеҲȻˡ


129 
ܼҾϯûɢ,Ҷίһȴˡ
⵵£Ҷίû,ҴҸԼҹŮ˵˼仰ˡ
ҶҲߡ
Ҷί뿪ܼҾϯûҲɢ,ʤҶȥͿ͡
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ʱ,Ҷ,֪λ־ͬ־
ⲻ,ҶԸ֪һһ˵,λ־ͬ־רҵѧ,Ҳǳ繤,ƽ컬ܻŮͬ־,Եʮֲûôְ硣
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ߴɩһ·ӰЦ򴽵ɩӣ֪ҪȻ˺
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ĸëҲûᣬĿɿڴɶ
УȳŻˣҵúúø˵£
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λŮͬ־׿ڳ֪ǽܸżҵģ֮ǰ⾭ȥżҵ˵žػѣҸ֪ãϣҵ죬ţǲ֪ʦҶɵˣҲɵˣ
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ⲻûһ磬ͬ־Ůͬ־֪Ķ¡
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ھٴ䶯һˢ˴ҶλŮͬ־Ķ֪
ҶίϱֶŮ˼ɰǳٳżҵһӰ
ҪǳżҵŮͬ־⣬ôƷֺܻݶ֪๴ˣһӻɶ³
˼治һĶþͬ־Ůͬ־ֱ
ѵȥķѧҲ£ʮҵûȢλŮͬ־֮ǰͬ־׷׺²ѡ
֮һǳ׳ˣ꣬Ͼ֮ǰǴԾֶŮɵģָҲҶίϱֱʡ
ȻҶίݲһ㣬ֻҺ͵͵ۣڳţɩ۷׷ף鶼Զ֮ЫĻ¡
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˽ȥũ죬ʶʮֶӣũꡣ
һԼֶŮĴǰһ󷢺ڣվȽţ̱ڵء
߱ƫƧũɶõطꣿֶŮⱲˡ
ûûŮֶŮףֶŮ׹ŮֶŮҪȥũ꣬զ˽
޿飬Ҷ϶֪ˣ˵żҵҲûɶ£⴦̫ˣҪȥũⱲӶˣ
ҶίڶֶŮûһøУ˵ϱǳ˾ϱʵֶŮ̫̫Ӧˡ
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ũҲɣĵ籨˾˾զտʼΪԼҶҶ仰ŵѪɫ¡
ڣʶ˾Ƕϱզ椣Ҳǳ˾ʵĶϱ
ʦ˾Ҫó˾ֶ֪Ů£˵ֶŮûɶ³ǣۣæҡͷٲҶ⴦
ҶίҲѡ
Ҫ飬飬ͻҡ
Ҫɶ˵ɶ¶ûУԺӽŹ
걻ҶίĻŵסɤӣ˲õᣬɫףҶίΪֱʣæҶ콿ûϵûϵ֪˵ֿˣֱʾҪ֪£϶ֹ
ûйϵҶίѾʮҪֱʣѾˡ
Ϊ£ҶίʮҲԼֶŮŮĲͬ
ҶίӿͷƤֱ飬ٲҶ˵һ֡
ϣһһСӰһݳԡ
ܲſӰЦ˼Ӱ֪զӦһ⺢ӣ⺢Ӳ֪զΣҲģһֱ
⺢ϲɶɡ
ӰһŰԸһţַ۵İͦϲԵģȥУ׼ֻ
һֱ˵Լû
ܲҲһŸСԣ⺢еĶˮԲȥɼӰͰͿֱߺӰֻˡ
ױúӶԡ
ʢһ룬ԼҺȥڸ߼ңߴɩаԶ棬ﶼûٹҲûúˡ
һЩϴˢݡ
վɽ̺ĬдԱ߹Ь˺ҵϴ˯
䣬ڱѵһһСˣӿһӰ͹صƴ˯ˡ
ҹԺɶֱѹֶţƣƲۡ
ס°͵ͷݺûиܾĻᡣ
׵ףûһӰ׵ĻһʼûӦʶԼ˻ˣæɴۣϲӢӲ
㡭ˣ
˸ϴͷϴ裬ӭˮӰ˰ɵķ磬ë˲ͷȴ׵һֱţЩϡ
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һҵ顢ºӰ̱ڴϡ
ľ¹óһޱס˱ȥڣȥʱĿϱһ٣զϱ˲٣
һ磬֪֪౻ȥũ죬ߴɩæӣԺŵǳ
ߴɩָߴĳˣţˣɶʱģ
ջأɩӣص
ߴɩæʡ
˵ӻû˯ߴɩ᲻֪զ£˾ͺã˾ͺãҪٲúõϱ㱻˿ûˣ



130 
ߴɩⲻɵһ˵,ȳߴɩ˵ǰЩλŮͬ־ĶҸ֪࣬˵޸ػѣϯʱ,һλ֪ϱ
һſۿɼٶȻ
۵û˿¶ȡ
ߴɩƳɫһæҴ˵Ůͬ־ж񱨱ӽҷ,ʦѾȥũ졣
˵,ߴɩ˸ڻԼԺ
ȸߴɩˣɫ޼,Ϣ产ˣתݡ
ߴɩԼԺ,ںԺϴ,ߴɩȥæ˵ϸ,զóųر,ղɫһ£ȶЩ
ɶŻˣšë
,ҸȥƼߴɩ
ǲɶͻȻʵ
ҲǸ˵˼Ůͬ־ɵЩȱµ£ߴɩ
ϹɶҲ֪Լϱƽе,Լϱ˵ղųɫզ,˵ƽճŰѵ÷ļϣĽ,֪Ůͬ־ڹͬ־ãɱ˵Ķˡ
¼ԺӣܲԸ´ԼԺһȦûҵС,ڸﴲϲҵ˯С
Сզ͵͵˯ߣ
ܲЬȥʳ緹ݡ
ܲƼСͦ˵ģСզһ͸С
ֲܲ⣺С壬զָС
Сȳ緹򷹻ɫûлͣţӵǰʢһϡ
ܲ߷С壬ʱɫѿƽճСڳܲͼΪϣɫŵʱ򣬳ܲ治զҷƢԹͷ緹аͷ
ӰʱͷϸߣõĺܣһʱͲˡ
æ𴲣һһǰһڣԻشϣᱳ۵Ҳ͵
˻һûڴϡ
ֻ˵̫û̫¡
ͷ˵Ӱֱʱ䣬Ѿʮˣһ漴ĩҲˣҲͲԼҺû緹
µأµصʱĸվȣ
ػһᣬʰ´ųȥ
ˢϴݳ緹ʱӰԺſڴߴɩӰݣͼԼҺߴɩ˵
Сû
ܲͷС˵Сرۣ𴲣
Сһ⧲һ仰Ӱæͣ½ŲһΣߴɩվԺſֹϣСڲ
ߴɩֹĻһһٴУҭӰ㱻ԸˮǺסԼҺѧߴɩ˵ɿһߴɩۼƼӣ
СܲͷƼСܹȥסȶһײļסš
ߴɩһӣû°ɣ
ܲҲæСĿԼСӰСʾԸû£ȥҸ߼ֵ档
ߴɩҲҼСӾڸڣܲȥ棡
ɸԶõҳܲ棬˵Ҫȥ񣬳ܲͬԶߡ
Ⱥߺ󣬸ߴɩһ۾ƳӽŲ鸡СҲеףſǰڲ
ߴɩⲻ˸ֽʵ壬ٿϸ壬˰Ѻ
ɩӣǣӰݡ
ߴɩûȥ͸ſ߶䡣
˵ɶƼٺۼ
ƤףһƬӡʮԣߴɩ˵СڵĿ漤ң벻ƽ䵭ĳŶϱô飡
ӳúãԸãŲϡŹȥ
Ӱߴɩ񿴵Щɻ󣬾ߴɩӣһҪţڲӵ·
ӰⲻûɫסʮΣƫƫߴɩʱʱԶʮֺڸղųûվӡ
ҳſǰڵĲᣬС˶ߴɩʵ
Ӱ
ɩǴ඼ǹˣƽմûɶ£˽һ˵лҲȤĵ绰Ƥ΢죬Ϳ֬µü۽ıÿˡ
ߴɩ̲ס˼ֱۣ̾Ȣӿ޸ҲˣҲͲΪת⡣
Ӱһ
ߴɩ˵λ°ܻ֪౻ȥũ¡
˾ͱˣ֪˱ȥũ꣬Ӱգգۣ⴦ϰȻͬ־ɵûɹ
أҲأͿզҲզһ㣬ũ꣬Ҳ֪ʮ֪㣬Ժ׼ٽ
ߴɩ˵˱ȥũ껹ͦϣȴⲻ
ߴɩ˵Ůͬ־ùӵ֪治Ǹö
ƭ˲Ůͬ־ԼժĸɸɾʮһС˺ӣһʬ
ôǶ˹ӣ˼治һ㶾ﶼ
˵ҵÿûŮͬ־Ĺ
ҪŮͬ־ⱻλ֪ƭˣӺ뱲ӻܺã
˸֪๴ǲ⡣
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лҸɶߴɩֱʾ֪๴¸ˡ
Ӱ
ӣҲûɶ£͸˵˵˸ˡ
֮ǰߴɩ˵Եſ۾õģС˶β
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ид¡
ȸߴɩԼԺˣӰų˿ݳ緹
±ȥũȵʵһЩûӰꡢ⼸еƲ֡
ҪӰ´ԽԽ٣٣ڰºܿ
ȳŵʱ򣬸պͬһװĳ档
˸ͷߣ˸ժ˾ñͦΣǿԹ˵ľһƳԷǷ˿϶ǿһ㡣
ӰŮ˱һʮֲζ
ŽԺţӰճ緹ϴӳ
֪ϱ˲٣ƣϱֻǰһЩ
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Ŀסͣϱ˼ְ۵϶˼ۣͻȻϱզôࣿ
ӰƼԼ˻۾ʮָˣûػǰǲǼһͷҰ
Ӱ


131 
Ұµʱھ˴,˻֪Ҳͦ
˵˼Ұ£˵ţŰҰɽæҰ¡
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ֱַҰæɱ˲Ұ⣬ͺӳԲ̫࣬ʣʮ,󲿷ֶͣͣҰЩͺӳԵĲˡ
˻ˣûóҰ⡣
Ұ,İȫղž˸Ľ˵ϱϺɽһͷҰ,Ծ,Ǻ,ɶ£ʱԺȥɽ
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ҶҶõǾܾӰˣ˲ͬ⡣
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⻰£ժ˵Ķ˶٣мΣյúÿ
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ɱ㣬Ӱȥڸߴɩˡ
ԼԺſڣųٶʶ˸ղųҶĴˡ
ɶã̫׳ԴˣϴλԹŵĴףҶһ䣬ҲܳԴףҲˡ
ȥߴɩˣߴɩһ㣬˿һֺ֣óԣῪʯ飬һˡ
ɩӣô࣡Ӱæ
ɩӿɶɩӼûɶ࣬㾡ãߴɩ
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˵һỰ˻Լҳ
ѾɱժòˣԼ˳ȥдˣʼ緹
ǰʤڸҶ˵ϱһ֣һ϶Եͷˡ
ҶտʼЩţͬ˵ҶҲżҵա
ڼû˳ޣŶ˵żҵ³ʵںá
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ζʵ߯ˡ
ʤʿˮҵ죬ţɩ˻ô


132 
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ʤҶüæҪæ,žͳ,ʾʤæдҶá
,治ðæʤʵ
ã
ȳ뿪ʤ컹ֹɩ˵ĲζզϴĲ˻
һԼҴ˵Ļûɣ
˵,ɩ˵նûһȵϳϱϴɩɶ罷,,Ҳ֪緹ɩɶòˣ
ҶղţűȹӪĻĲζڲӳԶ˴Ҷζֱˡ
ջզö,ȴԸܳһͷţ
ҶҲһ־ȣζ߯ˣżҵ߯ˣ
⼸еůеȡ
Ӱü˶ͷеð,ſڶ˽,
ɴȼһϲԵζզζ
ʮϲϱ㣬ٳԲ,ûϱĲ,ͻȻԣζڣ۾,ʮ־ޡ
Ӱһģ֪ʮ㣬ָһһǴŹǺˮƬ
۵ǴŹǳһγԣζҲʮֿθǴŹǣˮƬˡ
Ƭţģţнȴһ㲻ϣʮֻζϴεˮƬó̫ˡ
ʮţϴεƬóԣ
Ӱ޵۾ģϲԾͳɡ
׷ҲˣӰ˿԰׷õļ˶˳ȥˡ
ͷðеۣˣ⼸˾͹ˣ߰յķ˿󣬶˲ȥ
Ӱ˵ҪҶ缸ɶ⣬Ҳ㣬˼Źôкʢ㡣
ӻûؼңӰǰԺſ˼ۡ
˶˲ȥ֮ǰӰȥƺӻû˳㺰Լҳ緹
˲ڼңź͸ߴɩɰ٣ҲĶ࣬׷ҲĶ࣬ԣײ˵ʱøŴСԶһۼҳ緹
ɣ
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һ˲ȥݵҶߵſʱã˹ۼˣٶɶˣ
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Ͼʮϡȥ˼ҳԷи˾Ѿʮֲˡ
˵׿ĳȢ˸ϱҲʮ𾪻ϧ
ƳȢϱʮƯʳڣ¸ʮִ󷽣ûһСҲʮ⣬˵ԷǴйš
Ӱ߳һˣһĢ߻ҶҴĻɣҶҴ磬ҲûɶˣٳĢͲˣ
òһ
ⲻ£Ƽһĺòˣ۾ֱˡ
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ԼҺȥϴ֣ȳԡ
ܲںԺϴֱߴߴ˵ɶ
ϣͬʤ죬ʤѸŽԼҴӺϱҶǾˣܿϤ˵ϻ
ӰһĢҲˣ˳ԺֻԼҺӣæʸţţСԶզûһ
СڼҳԹ緹ˣѾԱˣ˵ȴŵüҷζˣϱʰһٲʵ
Ҳ˼ʵǵζ̫㣬һֱҲͺƤˣٴһĳɣ
СڴҲӡ
СҪҵŹǣܲۼƼϲԵŹǿɸˡ
Ӱôҳԣǧ߸Ӽ˼ŹǴŹСһеĿɸˣ߿б߱ʾҪȥԣӰҲ͸ӼԵĲˡ
ƬеıȽ٣ƬıȽ⺢ӲҶԡ
û̵ǴŹеĶһЩĢҲ˲٣һˣӰúӶ˲ȥԡ
ӰӼв˵ʱ򣬳ûٸϱƬ
ĲʤȲһˮţ
ڣһζըţۻζʮнζʮֺθڣóԵͷҪˡ
ٳ㣬ǰŨ֭ʮ˵С׽ϸûһζŸԴ˹ʮˬںóԡ
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ʤ߳Ա߸Լϱвˣ
Ҷһڣɴۣζ治Ƭеϲ㡣
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ûˮƬĳв˳Բ˵ٶȺܿ졣
һγˮţĸźҶⰮԣԵĽζֱ̾źÿڸզôˣһαһκóԣ˵Ҳ߯ˡ
ҶҲ˸ղ÷զΪɶһֱ˵ϱ˶óԶóԡ
ֳ㡣
һζˣԹϱ㶼ɾ޺óԣ˵ˡ
Ҳǵһ֪㻹ܸһⲻͬҶζһ಻ţʮ־ޡ
㾹Ȼûһζʵǰϲ㣬ϱÿ㣬ͣϲˮζеء
ȳ㣬رϲԣ
ҶҲʮְԣԹóԵ㣬ζѹȲóϱĺζ
ⲻкò˳ԣҵʱҲ˲˵θڴ󿪣̻ʼв˳Է
ûԹԼϱĺòˣҲ˵Уϱû˳ԣæƬ⣬ӰҲæͷԷԲˡ
ʤ״Ҳϱˡ
ⲻ緹׷ͼӴ˲ˣΪûһᣬһˮƬ˶ԹˣҲ̵һɶ֭跹ԣˣײˡĢǴŹζҲʮֺãҲûٳԣɨĸɸɾ
ܲһ뷹ʢв˳ԣ˵׷ȫԹˣϲ˳Եľ⣬ˣӰҲһ˵ĺθھˡ


133 
ʹ뿪,ȥϴ룬ܲί˱ʾԸϲԵǴŹûԼ,СϺóԵƬ,ҲûԶ١
ܲӰСȣӤʵİίģС,ۼҳԵ϶ˣۼҵĲ˺׷ûˣ
Ҷ㻹ãҶֻ׷,ʣµ׷һ˼Ǹ˳Թġ
ÿʢ˲׷Ҳûٳ,ֻ˵ļ̫θ
Ӱ⡮ССһС,׼⺢ԣ
ȴ˭㲻Կ㣡ղŶ˷Ķˣ
˵ߴӽϴԱû,ҪҪԡ
ͷɣ
Ӱһθզôôã
Ӱֻü棬ʱտʼһһС롣
,Сӡ
֪⺢ӵ֪ԸСҲҪ롣
ӰԵôࣿ
С,ܲæͷܳ϶϶
ӰСθĵǴ,ɲСܳꡣ
ϴɾ,ƳС룬СӳԲ̫࣡
СһίС,ӰǸ˴룬˼ˣָһһСһõļ嵰,˱̵Ĵл
滹ͦġ
ܲζˮˡ
ȥϣӰ˼˫Ӻ͵ܲСβ͸ȥ
ϳ档
ʱܲίС˵öòûţӰһԣŵϸóԵģСһ⡣
Сһﻹ⣬ɽӡ
⻹ˣȻϵͳǰռһͷҰͷûȫȥɽɶ̫ۡ
ӳ˫ӳ˵ɽӳ⣬ɫȳԺϺɽ
ƽղЦɺٳƢܲȻҶ˵ɶˣͷԹԳ
ӰûԼˣȴϺɽǲܵģɽвٺöɽɽ
ӰҪݿӸˣѴм䣬һԡ
Ӱ¿ӵѾˣֶԵ㣡
˼ιϱߣ治ԣɴ嵰Լڡ
ҧһСھͳԲˣԸԡ
ܲССιҲѧСּ˼嵰ιӰߣСҵҲԣ
ӰԲȥϧ⺢̫飬ֻҲҧһڣԸԡ
ܲСһۣͷ
һһСθڶܲǿͼ嵰ˣʣ´ͼûԡ
һԵĸɸɾûʣһһСθںðӰˡ
뿪¼Ժӵĸšʤ졢Ҷü緹ʵڳԵδ㡣
ղǼθ̫ãѷ˳ԵľúӶûóԣмΡ
߼ңŴһûԼݣߴɩӻڳ緹һһ󣬶ֵܶҲѵõζ
߼ֵܳԵĽζôǳԵġ
ɨۣԼϱ񣬲Ǻ׷̲ˣ±ߵͷԵͦ
ߴɩҪҪһ룬Űڰ֡
־ʮֺʵ̼ҳɶòˣۼԺ̼Ҳˣ
־һʣίĸԶߴɩҲͦġ
ղӼҲζ治һ㣬ϴ⻹㣬Ҳ֪ɶòˡ
ߴɩһԼһģ֪˿϶ûٳԺòˡ
ȸһ˵ɶòˣ㻹Źһĸߴɩˣ۵Ļš
ϣ
ֲô㣬ַզһֱô
Ҳھе㹤ʣҪȻȻ˳ŵĹԺզϡ
߼ֵܿɱǵ˵ĺòĿ̿ˮûɶζˡ
Ǿ֪̿ɴˣȥ̼ҿ϶кòˣԶʮֺڸղզûƤһȥ̼ҳ緹
ԼǺСֵĻţٿϱ۵᲻֪ɶһͨŹǺҶҴģⲻòķʢ㡣
ߴɩͷǻɣַ컹߯Ҳ߯ʵ˵㣡
Ҫһ˾Ͳˡ
˵ɶˮţ⣬˸޲ڣ߯ԣ߯ˡ
ţϱ϶᲻򣬸ŸɴϱɶʱҲɶ㣺ÿˣſпڸҸջǵһ֪˿һɶʱۼҲôˣζ϶óԣ
ϱͬ⣬ȵۼҲУɶʱȥһ̣Ҳ÷Ǯ
־Զֵ۾æߴɩ
÷ǮߴɩȻ⣬˵ټϲɶҲͦɶζ
ȸߴɩͬ⣬߼ֵܸ˵ֱĽŴС
־ֵ̲סɶʱȥץ㣿
ڸ߼ҶӰĲ޲ڣܼҺҶҷߵҶúʤҲ޽ӰĲˡ
޲ڣҶá
Ҷᵹղ÷ˣզôƤڳżҳ緹
ʵǳϱ߯һ֣ǼζǾˡ
ҶⲻҲĽŵĿڸǳϱԳܲǺ治ĳǺӹʮֲҶһʱԳϱ۸ʮֺá
ҶҶңʤҶܼҡ
ʦҲСڳ¼ҳɶȵ֪ϱСдŹǣʦӶһ¡
ϱ治Сģس߯ˣֶܶôãЦݣϱûȢǸõġ
ʦҲϱǰ컹˼Ұң˵æɱҰҲ⣬Ϊ˴û˵
ʤǲ֪ɩɶƬζǾˣζ߯ˣҪڣ϶ر𰮳ԣ
ҶҲʤĻʾżҵرóԡ
ʦ֮ǰҲԹϱ⣬ζû˵ⲻǰЩӻζ
ϱٺóԣҲܶȥ
ԼϴԺȥ¼Ҳ䷹ԣҿŲףϱһкѾˣٶȥ㰢ϱ˵ɶˡ
ʦͷ˵û
֪ˣʤҶͬ
Ӱһཷ⣬һһ̰ĲҶͲˡ
һڳԺ˻ϴ裬ͽˡ
²е
ӰûӰҵǽдţֱ͹Ŷдһš
дţҲˣĿαûƣɴϿĿһһСӲ͡
еӰȥºõţ̣һӺȣһҲ˺һ롣
ûԸкţ̵һ죬ɫ΢ţ̣
ϱ˵ڼţվӶţ̣˵ɶˣϱС߯ˣõЩʼСӡ
ܲСţ̣СҲСȣɸˣЦݵС壬ţ̿ɺúˣ
Ӱţ̸ڴأʾţӪһ롣
ɲɶζĶϱԸȡ
СС岻ԣ㲻Ҫϲرϲţ̣ҹԣܲ˵߹˹˰һţ̺꣬һҫСҺȹ
ߣСȥˢ
Ӱקסشϣ˳óܲԸȥˢ
ϵɤܲٲֻܹԹȥˢ
ȺһݣϱڻӰæſڣºͻȻ
ôûˣҲʮ˵ģҪҪҲдš

Ӱߣţ̶ãϽˣ
ûȣȡ
ҲȣȣţرӪӰ˵
ߴɩ״
һ˵ϱػѡĶͬ־ϱûסŭ𼸸۵⣬˪
Ӱûע쳣˱ļ壬ɶˡ
˰̵У˵ûƼӲֽʵļûƼò˵ǺãǻӲ߯ˡ
˿Ҫ˱ģס֣զˣ
СһŻȻϱˣһúˣȺ˯ȥڣ
Ӱ


134 
Ⱥˢ,ϴ˯û˸ղŵİʾһ,ߴɩ٩,ɲѵĳ١
Ӱ庢ӵʱ,רעĿҲûŲզƶƲ
Ӱȵ,ĿһȺ˯,æҲװ˯
˯źװ˯ǿĳ,ë´˱ߡ
ͻȻ,Ӱһֱֻ۷Ըæ˵ĲЦ۾,˳㣡
ȥڣһ,Ӱֹһˮȵ,,Ȼֳˡ
ֻһϴȥʳô緹,ӰᱳʹȶĻţϻ
,ֻ˺޲ðѻʹһȥ
ԭȥУȶĲУҲﲻ˳ֻˡ
СС忪ˣӰ·æȥܲһ˷ܵС˱ߺܡ
Ӱæܡ
С忪ˣСȥСҪȥسܲرˣܽݣҪȥ
ɶȥسǣ
ԺӣҲ˵ȥسǵ¡
ȥسǸɶӰʡ
˵˼İ£ӰȻ
ȥسǣҪʰһ°Ӱ˵һᡣ

ܲҪȥسǿɼˣСݻ·صȥڸ߼ҫ
֮ǰСһСεС壬ҾСԶң㺰ңҾҲҪһȥسǣ
Сͬ⣬ܲ߼ܡ
Ӱصþղûɶۼʰ
ѸŵĴõëë㶼óֶֶŮһ˼һ޲·¿ӡ
·ÿռ޲ϣ÷Ǯ֮ǰҲ뵽ֶֶŮһ굽ͷûɶ·ﺢӵ·Ƿ첹ü겻¡
ȥ˼龫ͼţûɶͣ͵㶼ɡ
ſڿϱʰĵʳƷƱҵƱ
ƱƤůˮƱ
Ӱľ䣬иӣ涼˸ĸƱ
ѡ˲õƱ
ء
ȥ
ӳȥ߼ֵܺԼҺΧŴ󳵣˷ߴߴ˵
壡㿪Ĵ󳵲־ɴ۾ʡ
˳Ӧ͸ԶǰҲһδ󳵣ر
ܲҲűʾԼҲ󳵣˺üأǵĸ߼ֵܿĽˣɵˡ
̣ҪȥسôҲȥԶ˵
ȥܴ⺢ȥس̫Զ治Ҵ⺢ȥҺø־ֵܶ£СԶæԼԺˡ
ӲŴܲϳȥسǡ
Ӱʻ
ѵó󣬳ܲ˷ˣеסƨŲ߿ʣСҪȥسǲسǺ治
ӰСһգ˵⺢ô˷ܣȻϾòŵسǣ⺢ӻô˷ܣ
سʮԶҪСʱ䡣
ǰһСʱܲһ˷ܣ󼸸СʱӹȻСԴˣӰ
ƳСһۣûܣӰǵ⺢岻˯
һڵسǣѾʮһˡ
ӰǼİȥʾ֣ȴȥسǹ磬ԵĸҼֶӼģҲ㲹Ʒ
ϱҼֶֶŮʮϲֶŮʶϱӣʮϣϱҲŮ
ƷˣʮֽʡһѶĹȥ׼ŻָﻹΪͿ˵Ǯ
´ټġ
ԼҪɶƷ˵ﲹƷ٣Ҳ˼ǣֺһЩͲˡ
öºӶһָӱ߳Աߣһȥա
ݺ٣ҵһҽȥ
ܲس˷ܼ黹û˵ҪССһգ֪ɶƬĳܲ˷ܡ
յʦͦ󣬲ʮ꣬ʦһװֺãʮкøС
ٿŮͬ־ͺӣöһãۣǱǣŮͬ־ü续ƤְƯˣҲ
ʦ࣬һڶôÿͷؼ
ʦա
ֱȣһֻϱϸһһš
һڵĺգϱһţԸϱһţӵҲһš
Ӱϴ˼ƬϴƬȻҪʮǮ
ѵһΣҲͲˡ
ȥʾּİżӰŷⶼһһڵĺգһźӵĵա


135 
,ڴ˭ҹϣҾҪһ䡣
ڿڴ
ǰسʽתˣʴӶʮ˿תʮ˿,˴ʮ,ÿµƱҲ˴ʮڴɳ˴ͷ,ǵĴʮĽ
û죬ĴسҲѧɻֵܲѴ̨޺á
￪,ʱʱڴ庰ȥæ޳н,ɲĽˡ
˵,֮ǰ϶ñ´Ĵﾡ˽֪ǵĴͬЦ
ûȶãȻ϶Ȼͬ峤ҹŮһƶ,Ѿˡ
ڸ峤ߵĿϽˡ
ҪĻǱи޾ټҵĳϢŮ
˭֪Ů޵ĲǾľ٣ٵ˾
֮һ仰ڿʮӶʮ,淢
ֻʣһǴﶥġ
ƽѹŮ˼Ҷȥ,Щż,ϧľȻ֪ɶʱĽŮ֪ദ϶ˡ
,ĸҲǸյ֪ԼĸŮ֪ദ϶¡
ĸһʼǲͬ⣬˭Լϲ,ĸĲУֳԼҹŮŮȥ˾ôãһŶûĻ,Ҳ֪Ůզɼĸˡ
Ϣһӳ緹ʱĸ̲סŮզûżŮɶ£
ޣӲ˵Ϲ˵Ůõˣ۹Ůܹòã
ĸŮҲʮ⣬ŮࡢƷɶû˵ԼҹŮһżûģЩԼҹŮĲá
ͷӷ¿ӲԷˣĸ죬⼸˵Լͷȥسʾ֣ҲǷȥ˯զãҲԼҹŮˡ
ҼҲԼСãҴɩСɩȴԼϹģСü˸ôõĶܹĲã
÷СÿǺõҪզԼҹˣ
ɩС̲סָСø÷յӣеæڲա
ɩҲ͡
ᵽӰҼֶӺֶŮҲСˡ
󻢺Ͷ̲סСɶʱؼҰ
СֶŮҲɴ۾СߵҪСãҪСã
ӵԼҹŮСãǵüЦ
˵Ӱĸ⣬ҼɩӾûһġ
ҼŮСãɩСɩСĲˣǽһóԣô١
ȻӺù࣬ҲǰһЩɶԱСķˣǿر𣬸տʼ˵ӳԲϰߣǺԼԲߣڵǿϰˡ
СöҺӶãСڵʱ򣬼ʱʱгԵģǴӣ᲻ϲ
ȥسϰȥʾʣȴҵٵȼ죬˵۹Ůżˣ
ûã˺
æϴȥơ
ҴûþһһżɰһӸ˼ˡ
۾ڰϣĸҼעȫǷϡ
ǲСţĸͬæʵ
Ҵ粻ʶ֣ʮ֮**Сüĵģܲس϶ĵġ
϶ڣĸҲʶֽϱæţɩȷԼҹŮСãĵţɰĸֻˡ
һһɩš
СǸ˶һһʺãҲΪɶڲżţʵǱ߲ӾسеԶָëë˲ʱ䣬ԲżĳһЩ
ĸԼҹŮ˵ϴëë㣬ֵĲУĸ۵Ļš
ëëʵڲˣر
֮ǹŮڼëë㣬һ޿㣬ĸˡ
ŮզַԽԽҪͿŮĹʣһŮզ죬⺢զô£
ĸĲС
ĲеĸС˵ǺӸһ£ɰѴɩСɩظ˻ˡ
沸˼ǴɩС뵽ұҶһӣɲǰװ׬һ·ô
ɩǺզȴɩС˸ӣһ޿۵Ļţڼӱǰù̫࣬ҲϢˣҲûƽϡ
Һúܿŷᵽھ飬дʮ鹤Ʊϱۣëë͸ӵļ޿㶼Ĺġ
ⲻһСھҵйʶ˻ˣ
Ҽɴ޵С߯ˣ
ϣҹŮҲй׼Ů۹ŮŵĹĸЦӶֳ
ҲСдʮ鹤ĽĲУҸõĶǺá
ҲãϱţŮ֮˵ɶ
֮ŷϣӰ˾ӵ˵ʮֲ˶ҲãҲ£ϲöൣҲɶʱпסЩա
ͬʱҲԼҶһ׵£ĸҶ£ӰҲᣬ¸ⲻ˼ĸǳװˡ
úúãŮĺþͳɣЦϵ޶һ𣬱ˣĸŮȥǱס׼ˣ
ĸۣϵЦҲûٹ
ĸ˵ŮĿ϶
ĲԱطŷﻹжеﻹһСú÷Ƭ
ƬҿϡĶҵһ
СۼƼƬĽ޵ϣСø÷Ƭյ治զСƯࣿ÷򳤵Ҳ߯ɣСһƾر䣡
ɶϽƣĸȲæ
ƼƬϸ߸ߴŮſɰƯĺӣԼҹŮҲˮ飬ԽԽƯҲһƾ͹ʮֺá
ĸƣ˼鶼
ҼͼҲ뿴ĸǸŪƬֻƲ
ҼԼСùĲҲͷˣӶСøϺе档
һźգһ˿á
ĸƲŪƬȴҿһ飬ĸæƬýݡ
Ƭ
ĸģһüĵİ
°Ѱ𿪣龫ͲٳԵģȷʵвټ·ϵʵëë㣬޿㣬вϡƱ
һӿզࡣ󻢶ѾѾһȺӿɸˣҪ·ҪԺóԵġ
һԼҹëë㣬֪ëررСÿøԼҹŻǮ
ӵ޿ȻȲùŵëë㣬޲ʮֺãɰ沺ͼӸ˻ˡ
ԼҹŮ̫ණˡ
ĸŮʡ㣬Ըйһ£Ůô࣬׼ŮĹʡ
ڸŮˣôңһŮŮżզ죿
ĸŮúùԸӡ
ĸŮëë㻹Ǹ˻ˣŮզôТ˳
ĸ˼鲻֪ëëԼҹŮָģæݻëϲ̵۹Ůպãë´ſůˣ
ɰҼĽĲС
ëº᲻ҪȥߣôŮë£
ĸﲻ֪ͷӴëȥţͷҲʵӣתҲٳȥǹŮëë㣬ͷ̲סˡ
ůͷҲȵĻš
ĸһڣҲͷӣ˵봩ë³ôŮТ˳
Ҳ·¿ӣոպãӴ·¿Ҳ᲻ûҪܡ
Ҽּۿץס
ĸ˺óԵĺֺ弸ӣҲԼҺӺ˵˵·ǹٴźĺӹԹ·
˳ԵģĸæŮĺöȥš
ͬʱ˾ĸǱҲӵԼҶϱİţȿš
һǶϱţϱûɶ˵ھӹɣҲڱ壬ǰ˵˲١
ϱզֶӣóԵιʱʱԵĺĨͣÿ̺顣
ˣϱȥţվÿ충ţ̺ȣﶼ⺢ӣĳ˾Ц⡣
ͬʱҲҶίϱֶŮھϱŰӵԣ龭˵Ҳ˵˺ý
ĸѹû뵽ϱŰӵĻֶŮ
Ҫ֪ĵ籨ĵ˵ϱզŰӣɰŵĲС
ֶ֪ŮԼҶϱɰѳĸĻ£˾ɫ࣬ȻŭҶզϱֶŮģ
ĸһõҲ̲סֶŮĹѪͷ
ĸҲǴˣ᲻ֶ֪ŮɶעŹȥֶָŮ¼û£ֶŮˣϱͷϣ⺦ϱԶϱ٣ֶŮȡ֮
ĸҪĶֶŮɶûɫҶίզȢôϱ
ĸֵҪҶίһһڴԺҷǵøúЩˡ
ڻǵƼ˵ϱڶһëë㣬תá
˾ˣԼϱ
Ȱһ龫ëë㣬ĳĴģʵĺܣһ׻ɫģһ׵ɫģڶʮϲ
ϱˣ˾˵߲һ⺢ӵţ
˵Ǽ˵ϱԺӶãܲ⺢ӿûһҴţ˵ϲССó˵ÿɶòˣ˵ȥɽΣСҰҰҰɺóˡ
ĳ˾ЦСӿпڸ
ⲻ˾ԼҶϱһˣһζ治˶ء
޲ڵ۶ϱǺõģ۹治
ĸտʼһѣҪǰϱԺӲã⺢ϲϱ
ϱָڴëë㣬Т˳Ľĸ˰ϱǸõġ
˵ֶӵ治ҲټĸҲͬ۹ã˸ϱ
ŷ滹ƬһڵĺպܲĵƬ
Ƭ˾ͳĸҲǷƣôƶƲĳСڴӹĲƬǱ˿ɲ٣װֵıÿˡ
⺢Ŀã
ĸǳװɤ۵ĵķŻضٲĶϱԺӲˣǵԼҶӳƢǶϱ


136 
ӰǰһȺյԼżҺҵź,
Լҹû˵ɶֻǺúùӡ
İȴ򵥣ʮֱִ,вٲѪĲƷ
˲Ʒ⣬һо˼㡢ֻѼ,⻹һ׾ٻʮеࡣ
Ҫ֪һСѩ඼ݳƷ,˵һʮָߵƿƷװ
ӰﶼпԼŴֱʡ
ûżҺã͵ĶҲ١
һʮů͵£˲ٸɻľϲˡ㹽Բ,кöƵһ̳ˡɵҰζİĹĵġ
ٷǮٸҼĶ,ӺˣҲҡ
ҰζȥץһֻҰã᲻óҰζҲͰҰζ,ڵǰֻҰζĸˡ
˺ͺпڸˣЩ죬ԼС컹⡣
ﻹ˵ԼҶĸ,Ѿ峤һ,Щ֤顣
ĸ羹Ȼ֪Ľ֪ദ϶,ﲻ,ĸرˡ
λĽ֪Ӱʮкøе,ҪλĽ֪ǰ֪÷ѩ,֪ĸ⣬˵ĸ绹Ů֪ơ
֮ǰѾ統꣬Ҫһ,
ԶλĽ֪һֱͦкøС
ﲻĸȢŮ֪࣬ʮ֮**ǵ÷ѩŮ֪Ӱ̫
˳ȻĽ֪λͬ־ҪĸͬĽ֪Ե֣Ҳͦ
ĩβϣһޣϢûӰЩ壬˵˲Žһ¡
иӣô컳УҲûУ˳Ȼ
ţŸϣʰ
СԣҸժģرóԣӰͷʰӭһС̡
ܲһժĴ̹˵ԸҲ˸Ĺģ
Ӱ˼ڻɣӶɽд̹սӦǴ̹ȥɽˣСһӤССѵ㣿
ܲûûЦҡͷߵɽ϶д˻ϴۼҰģҲŲǣ
Сһ˵һСʮְӰСС´ȥҰǮ
ӰСĿ
ӰҲ֪Դϴ˵ˡһͷҰȥɽ˼ֱҪ̫ࡣ
Щ죬Ҳ˻ﻰںɽҰ
ҲûҴţɶҰ죬ҪȻ˰ɣ
ⶫϴûӰʡ
һСӻ࣬ɽ髺ʹ̹մ࣬ϴ˲ŹˣæȥԺϴٳԡ
ϴɽ髺ʹ̹ʱӰȥ·ůˮæϴ˸ͷ衣
ϴĸɸɾ·ܡ
СǸܲ
С˵ıҲǺ֣ϴسһҼĹȥһӳԡ
˺֥ĺζʮֺãͦԣ˵ӣ⼸һͺӳԵĲˣʣһ飬Ӱ⺢Ըȥá
ܲһѵӽú֣ӰճżҺҼĶպá
óɶˣƬһֻѼٳ˾Ͳˣʱ仹硣
ѿѼŽʱ򣬳ܲźʮֺ棺ɶСϺó
Ӱ˵СɶԣСԶôԻеһƴѼٳԹȳı
ܲͷڼԹ϶öҲͲųԿѼ
㣬ӰС԰ݣҶţӰȻʮֻӭ
ϴָ˵һЩӸɹ˼ĸҲ˼С
ҶǾˣȻԹ˼ѸøӳԣӰҶ㣬ԸԣȻ⺢ӳԳ˸óԲˣ
û£ϳԷأҶЦ
ܲ˸ܣӰܣˤš
Ⱥӳȥ棬Ҷֵ˶ôˣҲȥֻܼܾˡ
ӰҶ㣬⼸еæڳտ϶ȥ㣡
⻰Ҷ⡣
һûһ˵ҶûһѻתϣӰ֪ҶҴǰ뿪ˣ밲οҰִҸɹ֮ǰҸ粻ͬ⣬Ѿͬˣ
Ҷ˵ǸϢӰҲˡ
ҶͻȻʶɶŮͬ־û׽Ҳɡ
ӰæɿһҶ㣬ҼҾһŮͷĸ׸磡Ҹһ£ʶŮͬ־Ҳ࣡
Ҷһźǿϧˣ
Ӱ
ҶϧԽżҵദԽкøУкøУҲرкøС
ʵϴ죬绹֮Ƽӣֵ֪޸ţҲûˡ
˵Żʱš
ȲţҶҲڣ۾һæӽݣúӺҶҶ㡯
ͦԣһ
Ӱλ̣
񣺡̣
Ӱ
һ̡ҭĻš
ᵹʮȻҶϻ磬ҪǵǵöԷƺҶ㡮Ҷͬ־Ϊʶˡ
֮һֱҶ׽Ҳɶˡ
Ҷ˲׽ˣϸУ˵֪Ҷίвͬ־Ůͬ־ӽ
֪Ժֹϵһ㣬Щ̬Ҳ䡣
Գżҵ̬䵭Ҷ֪Ц
ҪǶԷ֪żҵżǾ˾ңҲ֪᲻䵭żҵġ
Ҷϸ˵ɫ˵һᣬ˽ˡ
ӰΪҶߺ󣬲ҲܿˣһĽʦҶͬ־ϵã
ӰҸҶҲǸʶ缸죡
⻰һֵʦҶͬ־ô׽ãʶҶͬ־ȽϺʣ
Ӱ
ʵ˵ЩھѧУ飬˽̺ӵķʽЩͬ
λʦ۸лɣ˼ҴӳбȥСѧƽǮҲûɶɧͦмġ
ʦǣӰæʵ
ȻΪ˱׵¡
ⲻƤְۣ·ˮ
ƣϼ˿ëףƤְ𪣬ĽĽ
ʦզЩӱ˲٣ûƹϷûƹϷЧզûôãʵ
Щӣɩǰ;ϣһֱûƹϷƤˮ˲٣ûզס
̽ÿûƹϷ⣬Ϳɶö
ӰȻ˵¶£ֻ˵ÿʲһЧҲһƽճͿ˵ѩ⣬ҲûͿɶ
ѩƽҲͿҲѹûбףöԷû˵ʵﲻ
һû˵ʵ˵ģӰֻ˵һЩǸ׵ķˮעɹŰ˴ߡ
Ȳˣһ
ȲˣӰǰԺС԰ݡ
Ȼ˴ӺɽֻЩ֪ȥɽ
ϴӰǺ꾫͸߼ҰⲻͣҲǼǺˣԼҲҪϺɽͷҰҰҲһ㲻ͳ¼ҡ
ϧЩ۵İֶֿ飬˵ҰˣҰëûš
ƣӰŮզôã
ƾɶҰþҰãܼҰ
ĲС
Щ˶ԽԽ䵭£Ҳȱȱȫǰʱˡ
ٶԱӰۣʮֽܲˡ
ԼԺӣ·¼Ժһ٣ͻȻߵ¼Ժſš
ݵӰΪ˭ˣȴ򿪴ƼȣӰˣ̫߳ˣ
ȾȻ
ƼӰ꾫ˮⲻƹƤܱã
һȻӰʮ
Բ˵ǰȾٱŰӵ£˵꾫ûˡ
ûػԷզ˵ģզڣ
Ӱ


137 
,ӰƬһֻѼװ̣һ̲ˡһ뺢ϲԵͲˡ
ûӳԵر,Ӱһǰ˼úӰ跹,˼ӿѼ
Ѽζʮֲ,˼飡
ܲԵҲر㣬ر𰮳ԿѼÿָſѼĴѼϺóˣϲ
ϲԾͶԵ㣡ӰӼв˵ʱ,ϱ⣬ҲԵ,źӡ
Ѽóԣ˼ˣϲԲˣر㡣
Ҳ֪ϱ,ϲˣûֹûٸԾˡ
ǰ˾,ӰеԸԣùң
ա
,Ӱ˵յͰƽ,¸˵˹żɶö,Ҽɶö
Щ,ܰĸƵ,
Ĳʮ嵭ϱ˵,ȥһƿšڣ˲
ܲʮֺͮͮԸݹȥҲҪԡ
ӰóԣȴմһúӳζСͨˮ𣺡ԣ
ܲæҡͷ
Ӱȥӵһˮȡ
СܲͷҪӰƣӰСһգСɶԣϴһΣԣ
ܲǰǷǺˮͨСŻࡣ
˲šƿǷһԣԿѼصմһԵ治ɫӰҲһʶ˶మ
˿϶ԣ˵
һڳϴˣӰſʳ
²ͦ䣬ͺӶഩһס
վſʳһᣬܲܵСϴ룬ܻӰǰСۼզСϴ룿СԶҶϴ룡Ҳϴ
ӰզСֶһֱţ
ܲæҡͷӰ˼С֪ۼҵԺСϴڻССԸϴһЩٸС
ܲû뵽Сϴ룬ܲĿɿڴæɴۣӰ躢ӹ躢ӣɲߺӣ־⺢Сһĺˡ
ܲСԴҡĸ˹ģСҲϴ룬Сһֱϴ
СһֱϴһֱϴСһֱϴС岻⣬ӰʱСһСӻСϴͻ磬Ժ̡
СۼǲҲǳԽӰܲϴ£æת⡣
Ӱش𣬳ֵܲСԶ˵ҶԽҲϸȥҳԽ
ǳԽӵӣԺ
ӰɶӣܲʾĽӡ
СҲⲻ
ɣ
СһǺ«ժɽֵܲ
֮ǰûٶںóԵıǡڳһںӶȥ߳Ա棬ЩԵǲˣСӵˡ
ڸ߼ֵֻз죬СӲҪ̫Ҹ
ӰСóԵģ
ܲæͷ߱סӰССҿɹСϲǲǣ
СһһͷӰ⺢ӾȻ˫°ˣź˫°ͣܲеŲӿЦ
˲٣ӰæݵţѺӴݣҵúӳţ̸ԱúӺȡ
֪ǲںӺϰţˣǲֵģȵʮˬ졣
껹ҪӰʣСҹԲԣ
ԣúҵСȥϴ裡Ӱ
ȺͷҵӰˮˮȥϴͷϴ衣
ϴͷϴ裬Ӱݲͷ߲
ºţӰԸĨĨģԱߵϱ߲ͷ߼麢ҵ
ҵӰԼúԡ
·ܲʮָˣʮԡ
ߴһЩرӷף٣رů͡
ⲻһᣬȵĺ˵ġ
Ѹ·ҿϲ
¿СѾ֪£ղӰͬ˵ģ⺢ҲһЩ֪ġ
ӰҲ˵ϴԼҹҲ˲·ϲԵĿѼ͸Ҳǹżĵġ
ܲͷʾԸ
һһС˵ʱ򣬳ݡ
һһСر䣬ÿ㣬ֻһģ¶ǿ׳ĸ첲ͱ۰ûɶ飬ȴĻš
ë߲ͷ׼˯ˡ
ܲر˯ţߴߴӰ˵СһﻰҪ̫ࡣ
Ӱúں·
СһһֱڱǵƼС΢ɫŹԹԱ˯˯͵ۺӰһ˯
ӰɴأС㣬Թ˯
߲ͷȴСԸ˯ϱ¡
ͷֶӲûӲɡ
ʾϱͷ
ͷֶѸɣҲеᣬѾ˯ˣɴ
˰ڻӰź˯ϡ
ϱ˼֡
ͷɣӰԺұʵͷû
ȥڴûء
ֱ˰Ե׵ۣӰ׵Ļæۣ˽⿪ƤѾѹ
˸ͷ̫ߣͷðȶ
Щӣ췢Ѿϰˣûһ£ǷʮʢӰᡣ
զ˳һһˣ֮ǰ¡
ӰŴ
ЩܲסҪͻȻǾ䡮ڡĻɫһʶƿˣϧ˿ѹƲ
˳ɴ˷˸Ӱæñ죬ʱʱһСʴ̼˶͹ʧء
ߣ˰µٴαܾ
ۼûһ˯ţ˯ĸͷһĲС
ⲻӰǺꡢһ治⣬ĸۡ
û˵Ǻꡢ카ô
ȻǲܵģϾǹˣӰǺꡢ·ƺü¶Ĺ˽ģ֪ûˡ
ֶʼɵĲУֱпզôãȻӰôꡢôĮˣȻᱻӰꡢջ־ӰǺꡢǿ
ûʱĶö⣿ھã
ƾɶӰĺꡢһֱѹͷϣ
һ˯š


138 
ϳ緹,ʳô緹óԣȻȴϷȥú˯
ϵͷ,Ȼλôۡ
Ⱦ˱ˣԽԽûġ
Ȼ򵥳緹Ҵߡ
û,ҲûйӴ侲Ҳ֪˸ӰǺꡢһȣǲܵġ
˶ô䵭̬,ʮֲζ
¼ԺӴҲǶг
ֶϳ緹
ַԸһ˯ĳܲʮֲ,С廹ȥڷ俴С
ܲŰ۵Ӥʰ߿ͷС壬զһֱС
ԶС⻰˵ʲôСϱ
ûСӦĳܲ,޵ͷóԣûСĺóԣ
ֺһ಻úȡ
óԱԣƳǰµСһۡ
ܲһҴ,ҾͲҪ,һҪСŰңҳ緹
˵Сһﻹ⵱һһͷ,ߵ⿴
û,һЩ,һӣʰϵꡣ
ӳԵģԸԸȻʰ
֮ǰСӲҪȥϱ,ϱϢ
ܲ㲻ڼңС˯Ŀɺ
С⻰һˬš
ȳţܲµҪƿķţСܲǹԹԳ緹ȥҸ߼ֵ档
ĩ߼ֵܶڼҡ
߼ҴԺûţ߼Ժӵʱ򣬸߼һݳ緹
ߴɩۼƼܲæҲкһ緹
־ǣܲܵܵߴɩʢһ뷬ࡣ
ܲû߼ſڵҳԹСѳ
ϣŻߴɩ˵ԼˣǻȻˣʮӼҶǳϴֻԣƿӵ˶һ
Ÿ󲿷һΪ¶Ů˵£һ˸Ů˵Ļû
ڳԸŮ˵ĻС»ӿŻɲɣ
ŸɿһʳܲСզС緹
ܲС˯С˵СرۣСÿθС˯رۣС岻ڼңҸС˯
ͯ޼ɵĻǵĸź͸ߴɩӹЦ߼ֵܲɶЦġ
Զʺƨʮϴ˯ʵˣҸϴһ˯Ҳر㣡
ܲС϶رϲ˯
šߴɩЦᶼˡ
ǹˣͦţϾճôãССʤ»ô
ߴɩȴСڵƵʣӺܿҪˣߴɩЦܲСҪܵˣϲϲ
ҲûеܵܣСֻһܲ
⺢ӿ̫ˣҪʱ̫Ŷ⺢Ӷ˵䡣
ȸų緹ߣߴɩں⺢ӣ˵ԺСޣҪʡ㣬ǡ
꺢ӣߴɩʰȥϴ롣
־ʹһ㶮һЩܵܣ˽˯һŴˣͻ޵ģ
޲棬ֻޣҵܾǰ޹
ԶʮֲˣСʱɹˣŲޣ
֪ܲСͻޣ𵱳޲ҪСɷףʱ˲ø߼ֵˣæܻԼԺ
ܵܣզˣ
Ӱڽʮʱѵģڴϻ˴Сʱ˴
ҲýĩϿΡ
ᱳǵӰմӺԺϴݣȱŵŴСһﱧס
СһһƲ֣ӰСһ°æʣզզˣ
ܲСеỹе㵣ģҡͷ˵
ڵ̫ݣеӳ緹ӰߺºӶ߸һӡ
ܲҡͷԡ
ӰֻԸԣһͷȵȵθʮ治
ܲҡͷ
򵥳緹Ӱϴ룬ܲһߴߴСģ˵ر
ߵĶ⺢ӸȲҼȲһֱš
ſڹЬʱ̲סʵզȥ߼Ҽ棿
Ѳ⺢Ӹ߼ֵìˣ
ܲڸǰҡͷ
ǳɣСЬӰһСʹúߡ
ЬǸ⺢ӵģӰ˴룬óܲ⺢Ьԡ
֪ܲЬǸģƲֵС¶ЦݣС˺˵ģЬԴŴŴʵСҵЬô
Ӱһ˺ԴЬĴСЬ׳ߴǰպӵĳߴģպãϲϲ
ϲϲܲ˸߲ҡ
ӰúЬܲ᲻ЬģӰЦԴʾֻЬܴˡ
ܲƲЬ
ЬʱӰ⺢ӽ컰ر٣߼ֵɶìˣ
ĩпУһЬѺժɽˣǺ«ˣһֳԷ
ӰɽѩɽѩҲʮֺóԡ
Ȼãúȥڸ߼ֵһԣָֺͺˡ
ӰЬë߸ӽ
ɽϴɾɣӰֽˮ֣ܲһСóɽ髾֪ҪóԵ
ܲʿˮСҪǺ«ô
۽첻Ǻ«ɽѩ򣡡Ӱߴú¯ӣӳñǷ˲٣ˮòӲͣȱǰӵףػ
ǽòӿٽ裬ÿɽ髹ǽ費ͣ¶ȴɽ髱ǽҲɰɫ˪ѩһʮƯ
ܲһŽż⿴ʣɶɽѩ򣿸Ǻ«һóô
Ӱһ˪ɽСһԼҲһ
ɽѩǺ«ζͬǺ«
ܲĹģζʮϲԵĵԲ۾ԲĴ۾
Ӱָһɽѩ򣬳ܲ
ɽѩһֵСúӶȥ߼ֵһԡ
ʣµɽѩôܷ÷ų񣬸ԡ
ܲɽѩܵܳԣ˳ԣ
ɶܵܣӰɻ
ܲСԶ˵С㻳ˣеܵˣ
Ӱ㱻ӵĻǺס⺢˵⻰ۿ죬һҪ޳ģ֪⺢ûɶȫУæѺݵСûޣ
ܲɴ۲ţСԶ˵㻳˵ģ
ӰҲ㲻ߴɩզͻȻ⺢˵޵£æզ£ȵ֪һ龭Ĳ֪˵ɶˣæԺԼҷǧ˵
Ϊɶ˵ܲã
źãӰٲʹҪڵô£
߼ң
Ӱĸӽͣ޵Ķӻƽ̹ĶӣʾԼûޣּʱʾԺˣҲϲŰ˺ӵġ
ǣӵ֣Դȥڸ߼ҡ
ûȥ߼ңɩӺ
żҵģ
ܲС
ɩӺɤŶӰӦһæɩɶ¡
ɩⲻصɶըͷզģϴҺӳһֱҪԣһҪըɩٳҲе᲻á
⺢֣ǰ컹ԼҶϱϴһٴҲˣŴըͷզģ
ɩӱʱƼܲ⺢һɶְֺ׵Ķ۾ҲڳܲʳܲɶԵģ
ܲأСѩررó
ܲҲСһţԸҲһŽ
ɽѩ򲻽ֵߣζҲرϲ
ӰҲ˼Ÿɩӳ
ɩֻһųȵ֪ⶫɽ髺ͱģɩֱпżҵ̫ɡ
ҲԳˣɽɫһ㶼ǣֱ̾żҵĿãҲֶӣ
̻ʳһɽѩųԣڳܲɩӵҪԡ
ӰɴԼҺӴȥͬ߼ֵһɽѩ
ɰɩŪĸⲻ˼
ܲͬĻҲͲСȥڸ߼档
ȥ˸߼ңӰҲæɩ˵զͷƬզҲɩӿ϶᲻͡
ϾڲԺԶͶš
ڵͶжģͿʮҪû̳ǣָҲôֱʷ͡
ԣӰ˵զ󣬱ʾըҲɣСŵ壬ͷƬҲͼ塣
ɩ˿һ
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ⲻȥʱɩһ·˵żҵզãƢֺᣬȢ˸ôƯͻݵϱ̫иˡ
ɩӿӰҲȶԱȣϾҾסڣҲࡣ
ⲻ˵ǰЩ˵ȸʱʱܵ£˵ɶɣ˶ᡣ
ʵǰҲ£ֻǵʱھ飬еôʮĹʣҲö˵
ûɶʣҼѵҪȥʳô򷹲˶ʮֿۡ
˵Ȣǵ˰˱ùˣҪ˵ȢϱȢܸɵľͳɣȢܿɻզɣҲ֪źûɲ˭ܱȵϳŵĺø
⻰·ˣɫ
ⲻ˶䵭̬ȣҧгݴҪѹӰǺꡢһͲȲӰǺꡢǺꡢװͻݻװˣҲװ
¼ԺӰɲ֪£ɩߺ棬׼ӡ
緹ҲͺӳԵӣӾͳɡ
ʱӰϣ׼ϣһ㹽һְײڡ
㹽͵͵̳óϺʳøһ衣
ϵãȥߴɩҽߦȡ
߼ݣ߼ֵܸԼɽѩԵʮָˡ
߼ֵƽûɶóԵģþҲûԺóԵģԵǷɣɽѩֵܱóˡ
ųԣԵıˡ
߼ֵƼӰæɤẓ́
ܲС
С
ԣȥߦȣ
ԶʱܵӰǰ̣ǲҪˮҼҲҪˮˣˣ
Զ˵ʿˮӰ΢ЦСԴҸߴɩߦȻԼԺӣܲɽѩҲæСһȥ


139 
ܲԼҵʱ,ӰߦƤСһ룬ʮʾҪӡ
ȥ棿
Ҫӣܲ
СһҪˮ,ӰץסӵСצӣȥϴ֣ˮˣصһƤ̺զˮȡ
̵򵥵ԪӣƤ۾ͳ˸Ԫ,ʮֺּÿ
ܲɴۣʮϲԪ,ѧҲʮ棬ֻСһ̰϶,϶,ƤҲ,ܲĲ,һţҲ̶á
ߦƤӰ,СӰĽԸԣߵ,۲
ߴɩҲҪߦƤ,ӰֻܼӿٶߦƤ
緹ǰƤߦá
Ƥߦ,Сһﻹ˲ٽأ״Ĳ,ˣ¶ܳԾͳɡ
ЩӲ˳ԣʮֻ,
ܲԾСˮȱĺÿࡣ
СЩСԣ۳ߵģָܲˮʣɶʱˮȳ
⺢ӰĲˮȶ¶Ƥ϶ˣӰ΢ЦȻЩԸŬˮȣ϶ԸζСһ룬һСϳԣ
ܲСͷͬ⡣
ӰЦ˵СӻԸˮȣ
緹ˮտӰƤˮȥˮҲ˲١
󣬸˰˸Ըʮ
ˮȲҲС
ˮãˮȸˮϣӰ̽ʢŵ̵Ĵлʮֺÿ
ػ𣬶ˮܲѾŵˮȵζϴɾִӺԺܽȲˮȡ
ӰϵĶʰԱߣϳˮȡ
ˮаȰײĽӣϲ㹽ϺˮȣررζʮֲҲúȡ
ܲˮȶԣˮȵĺζٹ˲˵ͷԣԵͷ󺹡
Ӱ߳Ա߸Ӳԡ
տʼ⺢ӳԲôһˮȣû뵽ûһ⺢ˮȳԵĸɸɾȵľ⡣
ܲԵһ㣺ϺóϺóСۼˮȺòã
Ӱ⺢ӹĹĵĶӣŵôԣ
챾ǳˮȵӣ϶˲٣Ҳˣص׼ˮȣҲˣһھͳˮȱ
ֿ֪Գˮȣܲرˡ
ӰһˮιӳˣȥԼǰԺʳ
ϴ룬ȥڸߴɩһߦȡ
߼һû緹ߴɩڳϣ߼ֵҲڳ־ֵզ⣬̲˸һڣߴɩһ١
ԶаˮȳʮˣϣˮҪˣͣԼɶʱˮȣĸߴɩͷۣæߴߴĳСӳȥٲȥϱԽӡ
߼ֵԴળŵʱ򣬾ͼӰæʵ̣ҰɶϵĽӣ
Ӱˡ㹽⡯ײˡʣզ
߼ֵܴһûü˵ߴɩϳ
ߴɩСӵаӳԾͲˣǹߵСӣ
ȸ߼ֵܳţӰߦȻߴɩ߿˸ߴɩϣһ̲һݾ²˼
̲ڣ󲿷̲ˣ٣ֲøղŸ־ֵСԴˡ
ߴɩô컹ߦȣֱôӻɶôҪãȥҪ
ӰЦɩӣƤߦã
ǳɣⲻߴɩҲ㹽ںͰײڽӣ
ӰĻӦߴɩֱַ̾߯
Ҫڽӣ᲻á
˵һỰӰȻԼԺӣߴɩ·ƾ֪Сûڣֲô˴
磬ӰˮȣΰˮȣûúӲ֣úȥ￴
ܲûȥ￴ſӰǰ߿߿ӡ
Ӱһˮȣһˮȡ
֪˰Сպϣһֻ᲻պϣһպģ˿϶ԡ
ʱѾá
ٳ˸裬
һڳ
ҲЩˡ
û
ʱ򣬳ܲԽӳԵͷҲ̧ĳ⺢ʮϲԽӡ
Ӱ̺մֻ᲻պϣܲѧմԵ۾ԲúóԣСúóԣ
óԾͳɣӰúԣԶٶɡ
ܲ߳ˮС˵ģˣɨǰһ״һĽӣĬĬ
Ӱ˳ĬЦۼҺӰˮȿɷѾŬˣԵ㣡
ܲԵĹҲͣҰĿŬˣСԵ㣡ҳСģ
һһС˵ͣϱעںϣȼһιߣúͷԣæСҧһڣʣ´룬Ը
״ѿ˵㣬㹽ڵĽϺʣζʮֺóԣԵ۾һ
ֻԼӱԹĽӺó̫ˡ
ʮְԣּһմպιϱߣ
ӰûԣԸԡ
ûƿӣӰֻæСҧһڣʣµİվò˵պʮֺθڡ
˳޵պζʮֲ
Ӱ˳ԵĽӶҪմһպϣϲˡ
Ӱպ̫źմֻ᲻պϡ
Ե;ڸ߼Ҹ־һˮȡ
ոߴɩĻǳϵĽӣ̲ڵĺ;²˼ڵĽҲ
ӰѸ߼ҵĽӶȥڸɾĵҲһӣø־˻ȥ
лл̣־۾
Ӱ־ԴϽȥԽӡ
ӰѸߴɩҵĽӸϣһһС
ߴɩҵˮƤƫƣӦò棬ܲȺ波һԵ̲ӣܲҧһͲˣСԶҵĽûۼҵĺóԣ
ҲһζȷʵûϱĺóԣɵǰӣҲѳԲ
һڳӣɫܲѳʣĽӶꡣ
ܲСպϲųӣֻ֮ԼҽӣߴɩһҲ
Ӱһ֪Ϊɶ⺢Ӳ̲ڵĽӡ
̲˺֮ǰͼӶ꽴һ飬һر㣬ҲرóԣҪǼ̲û٣Ҳ̲ڵĽӡ
ϾҲǰӣ滹⣬ҲѳԲζһ㵹ġ
ǸߴɩҾ²˼ڵĽζͦģӰ˼
¼ԺӣһڳԽӳԵر֣ڸ߼һҲڴóԽӡ
ϾǰӣƽʮѵóԵź͸ԶֵܻʮְԵġ
־˽ܽݣƼԼλøǰһˮ⣬һˮȸϣæһ
ߴɩⲻƼСӶŽӻæʵզûۼҽ
ŵƼӸԼҲһӦӼһ͹ģͦ볢ðĽӵգæȼһ
ҧһ룬¶ϴ붼⣬ζرر㣬ȫζóͷˣɱҵĽǺó̫ˣſ̫пڸˡ
־̼һӣĨ˰͵ͣпջظߴɩĻ̼ҵĽӣۼҽӺóԶˣ
߼ҼֵҲ֪رãĽӿ϶Ҳóԣⲻ߼Ҹĸһӳԡ
ۼһӸǸĸԵľ⣬ʣӣҲԼãæнϱ
ߴɩһζ治ڷŵ࣬ԵĶ۵Ļš
ԼųӼҽӣߴɩһӸСۼôӻֲ֣԰ˣ㷬
ߴɩһ˵ԶȻˣֵҲԹԳԼҰӡ
ǼҰû̼ҵĺóԣɰӿʮѵãƽһ
ߴɩڽԼСӵʱ򣬸ڷͻȻһҵ
ź͸ߴɩߴɩ˵ɶȼĿ𣬿ɰѸߴɩһ
ߴɩĵǰҲûӳܣɻûȿ޹ߴɩæøȥһˡ
ߴɩҵȵĿ¼ԺӰҲҲ³ɶ£æȥզ¡
ٲȣɴұϾھӣżҪɶ¶Ҳûɶô


140 
ȥڷҵʱ,Ӱϴͷϴ裬ԸҲϴͷϴ衣
̫䣬æӽݡ
һӳԽӳԵ̫,ӰɴվһᣬŸӲҵ
ܲҵʱӰĨģԸҲͿͿ
ͿȥͿⲻ,ƼӡǣҲǷˡ
Ϻۼ,еۣ,˵ӡ,ڰ۵ƤԵЩĿġ
,ؿڻеۡ
ͿҺ,ӰݸԼһš
ϣԼĸ,ģĸҪ,˵Ľ֪˲,ҪԺɩҲͦá
ﱣ壬ɶʱ֤֪ͨһ
ûƼ,治ôӣһĲ,һˣ
ӰĺܺãɵϺ˯ӣҪ˯,˴ݡ
ҪϱȥڣӰæ۱ʾԸۣˡ
ֻѴ¹һϴۣ߳
һʼӰ̫Զˣæ

æ˱ڻ
˱ʱ飬ؾظ˵ַͦġ
ȣů¯Ӱ˻ߺߵۣ
Ҳû˵ѣȷʵ۵ĲУվסᣬһֱš
ϱ
ϱ̫ϸ̫Ӱ˵ҲᣬӰߣϵζԽԽ
Ӱⲻڸ߼Ҷ£ЩǨŭˣԹ̫þڵ̫㱻ڴϣϲô𴲡
Ҫɩţˣ
ҪҲôᡣ
ɩˣ˵ЦӲ͡
Ӱ˵ûУԼҺӰûѻ˯¸ߴɩ˵ˣߴɩӶǹˣ֪ܲզ£
˻ͳЦǻæ˱ʾԺ㡣
ˣզˣû°ɣûɶ֣ⲻʱҲͦԵġ
˸ԣһ䡮û£µҭĻţֻܵǰһۡ
ɴ˵Լҵ£峤һƶ۶µ£ĸŮ֪ദ¡
ͦãϱ˵֤ˣ˰Ӱͷ
ûã˴ƽ̹Ķϡ
Щûٸϱ֣Ҳ֪ϱɶʱܸϱһƯĹŮ
뵽һͿ
̫Ӱֱߺߣֱ쳣ȶ˰ӿ⣬æ˯ٲҰˡ
ѹ£뻳˯
ûİԣӰڵڶϴȥѧУʱߴɩ˵ˡ
ԭصͻȻҪ³ӣŲȵĳҪȥʳӡ
ȴͬ⣬ⲻֲֻͬ⡣
Ⱥòðӣ̫ѳˣ˷Ͱ棬ͻȻ
ⲻԸίҲ÷űˣҲͿ޵ر
ӣߴɩ֪զ˵ˣΪӳɶ¡
ߴɩ˵ԣӰȥѧ
ͺȥϣذ칫ҸʣµĿ
ϸտԣһԾպţԾһٷֵԾֻʮ֣ȫͷ֡
Ӱ΢΢ü
ЩӣԿԲ⺢ӹ˵δûãСֲˣʱʱ͵͵С
ӰҲۡ
ţԾʱ򣬲Ҳ˰칫ңⲻСƼţԾ˿ֻЦʦҶ˵ţѧر𱿣ûþȣҪţƤеã
Ӱǲ巣ѧصʦΪʦĲֻô¶һѧҾţͬѧͦģֻ˵ûѧϰϣţҲûɶã
ͬ˵˼䣬һԾȥϡ
Դӵ֪Ӱûѱ׵ЩټǰЩţھ˵ʦզ飬ⲻǹ׬ô
Ӱ֮ԶţģָΪţھ飬׬
ܾöԷĻ̫
ⲻؼҳʱͬ˱ʾʦĻ̫̫ദ
Ӫϱã˵ǰ;
᲻Ϊ⣬ֻҪϱùϵԺ϶Ͼϱʦ׵Ҷί
ʱ򣬲ҲǰиӣҲҪһ࣡
ҲǼǺӣϴܼңӰʹǺȥԾϯᵱʱû˵Ҳġ
Ҫ֪֮ԷҶί׹ŮҲϱʶͦ죬粻ˡ
Ҫȷʵ̲˳Уֵ֪Էų˳ˮ飬᲻ٵ鹤ʡ
ȻȱǮɶǮֲɶ¡
ɴඣԼҹŮǺԶ㣬ʾҪǺӽǻᱻġ
Ӫ˵ɶеûģһӲڣϱͺӵ¡
ѧУؼҵӰڳ
ˣһ貤ˡһľ۲ˡһûĺ⡣
貤˺ľ۲ζãʱζˣӰסţζҲûҴܡ
Һýھɽźһ㣬ҲͲڳżҷζˡ
ɰѸ߼ֵܸ˻ˡ
пˣǰԺ棬ԺӵʱƼݸϱɶ
ȿߵʱⲻҲƼһ㣬ɰۺĲС
Ȼ֪ɫ˸ץ㣬ϸ˸ˡ
ɰѸļƤˡ
ɻǰżҵҲô˵
ߴɩҲý˵ررϸģզ˵
˵զɤ˵
û⣬ɶ£
ȸߴɩ˵ص߷Ŷզã˱˲٣ûɶģŶ֪˵ɶˣ
ʳô򷹲˻ԣã
ϴҷȥҰҲȵĺŻûɶ᲻
˷ŵˮȣһ㲻ĽȢ˸Ưϱˣ˭гŵĸȢ˸ϱĻöƯܸɡ
ŰԼϱȻʵզɶ㣡
ߴɩҲ֪˭ˣǰɶ㣬컹ȥˣ㶼ˣߴɩҲֻͬ⣺ɣ


141 
,ûԺһڳԵĴãߴɩզʱ,ڳ
Ӱд˲裬˸ߴɩһ㶹꽴齷ȥ
ߴɩⲻ˲ԼϴɶզԼϴ˵ҪͻҪٵϣߴɩ۵ֱ鶼ЩڴӦԼɶˡ
ֲԼ˵ɶóôϺͻܲó
־һ֪еˣûԼҵθ˵̼ҵɺóˣæ,㶼Ӧ,˿ɲ˵㻰,˵ۼҲɶһΣ
ǳɣ
ؽݳӰҲ˵¡
˵һ־ߴɩզĲ,֪ҪŲͣߴɩ׼۲
ܲհһ׷,һմ֭ĺ⣬ԵĹͬСԶ˲óԣСԶ̲˺ͷ,رѳԣ
Ӱ˵ߴɩѳԲѳ,ߴɩʡ,᲻÷,ܺóԣʡеһƴҲͱô㡣
Ӷ,ǻ,ֻҪΪԺȢϱʡ,
ҲۼҾСһӰ߳ԼҺӵСҲ͸İװֵģԺϱԸңҪ쿪ʼҲó̲ˣ
ҲҪϱҪС,ҪԺóԵģ̲ˣܲԵĨͣЦߵԺҲ׬ööǮС࣬СҪϱ
ͯ޼ɵĻӰһͿ
ԶС⻰۵״Ц⣬ۼٶຢӶ뻨Ǯɣ
źӣɫ׷˵Ŀɨϱƽ̹ӡ
ӰʱʱɨĿ⿴Ī⻰Ǻܺ⣬һһС
ӰԼ˵ҪǰĴˣ
治ɫʾÿйʣԺŬ
ԸϱӣܹϱỨǮֻܹ¡
˱˵ϱвˡ
Ӱһ뷹ͱˣֶԣ˵ԼҹǮãɲϣȥ
ӲüһͿԵ̫٣⣬ȥʢһ뷹ϱ˰룬ꡣ
Ӱֻ˼ڣʣµ׷Ըԣù
һڱů
رӰи¯ӡЩ죬رϲ˯
˱ڻվƽ̹ĶӣŮ
СЩ֪ͣǲǴˣȺĴͦġ
˯ˣҲ߳
۲ۣ˳ͻȻʡ
̫Ӱѹû룬ʶҡͷ
ҪŮֲϱػѡȻΪԸüӰѾ
ⲻȷ᲻ۣҲۣ˷ѹϣ
أѹҲеأӰѹЩۣͱ˵óѣͷð


ɴ˱ԸϣеĻһڴС˼ء
˽£Ӱ޷ߺʪ˯죬մˮ̳ġ
ʪ΢ĵĶӣ˯
ϣ緹ߣӰ緹
ⲻ˵óѣ˴ϣڵȷᱳۡ
ȽˬˣеɫŲ鸡ĲС
ϣҲûɶɶӵͣ˲ɡ
Դȥص˲ţ̳Ҳܶһ⣬֮ٲ˳ˡ
ãùͷװܷ⣬ܳԺЩ죬ͷ඼
ճõζʮ㡣
صش̳Ƕһ˵㺣̦˵㺣̦֥һ𳴣ζǰԺĳܲܵ
Ӱӳ˵ɣܲ۾Ե㡣
緹ͺҲͳϡͷˡ
ɳԣ⺢Ӷһϡ
Թ緹һһСĨ磬ӰþգȷԸûɶۼɿȥѧУԸذ칫ҡ
һ ξѧΣӰ
¿κ󣬵ţҵ칫ңӰ˺ס
ʦţⲻԸοԷرͣûúΣʮ飬ԹվӰǰ
ӰҲûѵˣⰦ̾
ʦզǲ۸ˣ㱨𣡡ţĿԲɤŵ
Ӱ
û۸ʦʦеΪѣⲻӰʾͬѧӦ˵̫ͣʺϵδ
˭˵ģӲţѧĿŭⲻǰʦţһ㣬æ졣
ҲƢˣûɲǰͦϡɲҲûɶϡ棬ʱͲҲŲϡ
ӵķӦԤ֮УӰţͬѧ㵱δʦҲûɶӰ죬ʦ˻˵֪㵱ɲˣҪͻȻδզ˵
ţһ
ԴɲˣҲƤˣÿЦ⣬˵ԣرá
ﻹãҪ֪˰ɲ϶Ƥţ˶塣
ӰţС۵ףѹЦʦ֮ôᣬҲе㵣㶪ǰЩʦھ˸˵㵱ϰɲˣϴҲ֪㵱ɲˣʦͻȻĿδҪǶզ죿
͵ĺӶҪģ⺢ûӦ
ⲻţʦ˵Ҫ֪˿δЦţˣֲ֪롣
ӰûƼʦҲ֪Щ¿϶Ӱ첻㣬۾Ͷһδɶµģˣţͬѧʦ֪㲻뵱δˣȻ͸ϴ㲻Ը⵱ˣ
ʦ뵱δҪδţĴɤŴµʦĿδţæʾԸԺһúΣ´λῼóɼ
ӰûӦ£ţĶͷðӺףʦٸһλ£һúġ
ӰǡáɿڵǳɣţͬѧôгģʦٸһλᣬҪ´ʦץ㲻úΣԳɼ۰һʦǻҪĿδģ
ţ
ˣذϰɣͬѧ˵ҪǿʦԾɶûģ칫ʦʡ
춼¸ǵשСԺӵʮֳ
żͻȻ±꣬ǽڶеˮò̫ء
ʮʹȴ˵ˮ֣ǰҹȥ֣ڻûš
һͬȥĻиšż
µĴֲڼңûɶҲͺӳʹӻ˯
û˯һĲɹЬ
ӣӣӰЬʱţߴɩæ˸Ҵȥţøߴɩ߸һˮ
û°ɣӣ
ߴɩ¼ԺӣҲǵӣϾųŸûãĳţŹ
ʮˣɶ˶⼸Ҳ;ȸ֣ûɶ
ߴɩº˵ż϶һܻ̫ģֶһˮš
˻һȥݸžͳɡ
֪ˣɩӣӰʮߴɩ飬ĻҲͺöˡ
̫󣬸ߴɩڳ¼Ҳû٣˵˼ߣӰҪ˳ţߴɩͣ˵̫
Ӱ˵Ժ⣬ߴɩԼԺӣŻݡ
һСʱЬ˻ûЩסϴ˯
жӰæƳݡ
ʪտȶ·ںԺϴͷ裬̧Щȳʣˣ
ûԸ˯ǳ˾ּûֳ裬ܺҲû˶˵æһ棬һˮȡ
ˮȻƺӰԽӣ´꣬ûɶ¸ɣҲ˵ӡ
øһ롣
ϴݻ³ϸһͽӣ۵׶Цᡣ
Ӱֶ˳һ뽪ݸ˵ȹһ뽪ȥ


142 
һ뽪,ȺĽǣӰƣɫÿࡣ
Ӱæ˳ȳԽӡ
ȷʵҲˣ⼸ˮ,˵ûճԶ,ż,ԵҲǷĴӡ
ټϱʵǺ,ζҲͲ˵,ǰȳӡ
,Ӱ˳ԵͷҲ̧Ȼû嵭û
嵭Ҳ,˹⼸ûզԶͻȻθҲܲˡ
˳棬ӰȵǺˮһ,ﵹˮ,˱ݱ߳ԡ
ɩ˵ݽӰЬࡣ
üáʻЬ,ӰɴڳԷǱţ
˵߶¸Ьࡣ
⼸첻ףҲ͸źһΣԺҪǻָźЬ࣬Ьϡ
ĿûƿӲüһͿ
Ь,Ӱȥϴ֡
ϴֻ˶ֳ°Ϳˮ,߿ɫˮͣˡ
һ˺֭ܿ꣬ûʣԽӵʱ,ȼһιϱԡ
ˢˣԣӰҡͷ
治ԣͷԽӣӲСպһһ
һûҲԵĸɸɾ֭ʣӰЩ˵θڣ
ʾˣëţЬȥϴ
ϴ治ϴҲԸϴˡ
ϴϴ󣬳ϱϴ˯
˯֮ǰͷЩʪëͷӰҲƼɫеۣⲻӹë˲ͷ
˰˱ϣûƿȡ
ٷ飺զɶ
û뿴ϱ
˴ǶʵԸû˵ɶ仰ǿӰЦ˲ͷ
ͷ̣ûӾ͸ˣҲ⼸ӣ˿ڴȻ˯ˡ
ƹ£ݣüƣ룬촽Ƥˡ
Ӱ۵ĲУզ˯ͻȻһ
ȵȥָջӶܳ
Ҳۣüͷ
ҺûãСȥӰæ˯
Ҳѣůůıʵ̫ˣ̫
Һ˻ûȵĸů¯ϱ뻳ﱧ˯
Ȼͣˡ
⼸죬Ϊ꣬ѧУһҲˣϲ˿Σ⼸ʦѧż١
ѵҲû˯ĸɫҲÿ࣬
ܲ˯磬Ҳ磬ԲĴ۾
粻ϿΣҲһ˯˰Сʱ𴲡
ӦɣûɣͲͳ⻹ˡ
緹ʮĽֵСɣϡųԣʱƤ̵ˡ
̵رóԣƤýϰųԲƤ⻹Ź඼رóԣԼ˺ͺӿ϶ȡ
Ӱ緹ʱĳܲһֱŵСβ͸
ӵģ̫ϻӰҲ˺ССһܲԵ㣬СģСúóԣ
óԾͳɣȻٳԣӰСһա
ܲԹԵͷ
緹Ҳˡ
ϴһ緹
࣬һһС˳Ե㣬ʮ緹
óԣζҲʮֲ
ӰԣҲûٳԡ
Ӱûɶθڣһϡʣµϡͽ˺ͺӰԲ
緹˳һˡ
Ӱǰдøżҵ˰æģ˳ţæȥֵĲˣı꣬԰ճĲ˱䣬ܲСֵĲݮС죬ճˡ
ܲˡ
ⲻӰС԰һ飬ܲСƨѧС
磬ûҲʹԸ緹
û۲ˣȥҸڸߴɩһЩ
ĸ߼Ժţ֪˭һܵȴ棬ֻϲץۣʮǱӰһ
Ҳû뵽ӰⲻǮֶӻӰԸЦɫ࣬һֻۣզŮ֪Ӱꡢˡ
һ뵽вҪŮ֪ˣҪ
һתͻȻǰһͬżҵģզ⣬㻹֪˱һջƵŮ֪ˣŮ֪ûƤžҪŸ𣡡
ȱ˵߸ջƵŮ֪ɶſߣʾҪȥˣ׷ˡ
Ӱɫ΢٣ûȫŶԷһᣬ̽ʵͬ־զѲɷҲŮ֪ˣ
Ӱһ仰ȷιӣɫ䣬߿
ӣզ⣿ߴɩ
ɩӣҽ۲ˣͳɣӰ
˲ɶֵǮĶⲻߴɩţæȥ԰Ӱ˼۲ˡ
Ӱӹ۲˵ʱ򣬸ߴɩ˵ԣ˵զù
˵žֵʱ򣬾һ㱻ˮߵŮ֪ࡣ
ⲻŮ֪಻֪զģϾ˵ű壬ҪŸҪǲŮ֪Ҫȥٱš
Ӱ
ߴɩ۾ýҲôǲҪƤŮ֪࣬Ȳ֪զ֪£ⲻըˣȥȸջƵŮ֪һܣⲻŮ֪ʮǮֶ˴ɰѷĲУ
ȵȣɩӣϷŵŮ֪лϼӢӰʡ
֣զߴɩ
ӰⲻȸղǷߴɩ˵ˣҲ˵иջƽлϼӢŮ֪˵¡
ȲŮ֪֣ĶæȥʰˣߴɩĿɿڴɶŮ֪ĲǷôզɶϵ
ߴɩѹԻ·
Ӱǿˡ
ȹϵͲãղǱģֱƼָԷΪЦ
ⲻⷬӦ
ҪţûɶʧҪĹȥŮ֪Ĳ磬ҧҲ⡣
ӰһֱȲСУûõԴˣҲˡ


143 
ȸŻ緹,ߴɩ¸ˣȵզģ
ֹ£Ÿվֻ,Ȼܸų,ҲǷˡ
ⲻҲȰŮ֪Ϸŵ°ڳͷӦãĶȥŮ֪鷳,ŶҲˡ
ߴɩ벻ɶĿ,΢׶ԷɶĿ,Ըһ,Ҳõ¶һ£˳Ӧһµá
ŵԺٸżҵýӴżҵĲɶˣʵǲ̫
ߴɩ˵ȴһ,û֮ǰҾûɶ߶,ҲûԼ㽶ƤҪĻԸϲ,˵һ
ˣֳɶߴɩʵ
˵,ߴɩ֪췽žֻʱյļӼ籨˵Ǽ˵,ĵǮؼ,ⲻ,ŰѴ͹ʶϽϱ
ϽףǮѣһҪǮȥ⣿
ΪǮֳ
ָŮ֪˲ǮϱǮǮȥˡ
һ㲻ĽȢ˸Ưϱ,ʮԸȢܸɵϱ
ϱٹ٣ɶΪңϻ˵ƫģɶǮТ˳ĸҲûɶҲûк
߼۷ӵ£ڳ¼Ժ緹Ӱ۲˳⡢һһ貤ˡ
貤ԣӰԣżҼĵģֻʣɴҲ͸ɴ೴ˡ
ӳԹ緹ʣĲڹԷһ緹
ɽѩ;˼ĸ⼸ͺӳԵĲˡ
һֻЬпеӰҲ˵㼦⡣
֮ǰļⲻͬεļһ㱡ɡ
Ӱ**ʱ򣬳ܲһֱСβ͡
ȼ£СһûԼ⣬ʱʱû
Ӱ°͵⣺˭СԻ
ҵģܲ֨֨ЦʣСۼҼ⻹ûô
ܲ˵ż⿴ӰΣˣ
ڵȵ¯ճ¯ļʮ㣬ӰһС鳢Էɵļó̫ˡ
ܲӰ½ǲţŽż⼱ӰСɼιСԻ
ܲ˼æ£Ե۾ԲֱţúóԣСررóԣϴλóԣ
˵СԴյӰǰҪԡ
۵ٳԣӰСһԴ
ȼˣһСúųԣʣµļôܷ÷Ž
ԺʱӰæȥԺţܲŵų
ǲᣬŮš
һԺۣûƼҶЩʧϻЦݵʦ⼸´ûҲڼţⲻпй˵˵
ӰкĸŮ˵ˮȡ
ԼѵСӰԼҺӴСȥԺ档
ҲƼߵĺӣϴ;⺢ӳƯƣ۵ޡ
⺢ٺÿپ£Ҳı䲻⺢Ǹӵʵ
ɲԼҹŮĺӽӴȿھܾˣʦҼҺ
ܾӰҲͲǿˡ
⺢ӶҺļ⣬ͣҪԣӰɴе㼦Сԡ
ܲŽССҲŲҪ棬Ҳϲң
ܲ˵ġ
ӰһʼΪӼìܡ
Һ˵Сӡñͬѧһ棬ӰϵЦݵࡣ
ССʵڲûЩСܶЩղŲܾŮҺһ棬Է̬ȲҪ̫ԣ
һ룬ܲˣҧļԼСȥ
ӰֻһС鼦ҺӳԣʱЩƲˣ۵ײм
Ȼˣ̫Сˡ
ѵΪǴӾɹųá
С飬ӰȻеСҲаƴ飬Ҫ֪̿ɶˣļ͸ˡ
һ˼ҿ᲻ðѼͱ˼Һӳԡ
ٲмõõԷ뿿ϱ
ԣϻЦ
Ȼﻹ벻Ҷ
ӰԷҶһɶʱңʾɶʱҪȥܼǧ֪ͨ
Ӱ׶Էţ֮ⲻھơ
ܿļ꣬Ҫԡ
һʼΪӰӿ֣е㼦⡣
˭ֻ֪Էһ˼ʦǲ˼ҼҲֻ˵㼦⣬ⶼҼҺӳˣ
УУҪԼ⣡߿֣µػȥܲļ⡣
ܲһڣ󼸿ڼⶼҳԹŲԣ
һûˣֵĸ
岻סԼҹŮӳ¼̫СӺӿֻ̫Ҹڴߡ
ߵʱ򣬲ɫЩѿ
ſƼһӲͳ¼Ժӵţɩӣɫˡ
ЩӣԴţɩ͵Ĳˣһʳ轵
֮ǰȥˣɼе˲ҪǮȥ˵ĳˣҲ򲻵ɶʵˣ˵ǰţɩÿҵ˶ʣõҡ
ˣ˸ţɩ͵ЩҲ͸ϡˡ
ⲻţɩһ͵ˣʮۺ죬ҲЩڵӰ˰༶顣
󣬲˵ɶôû̵һ㣬˱ˡ
ԳǡԸռ˱ˡˣܣҲֳܱ˿һ˿Цݴ󷽷ţɩӴк
ţɩôᣬûλʦǰûٸ˸״˳ţɩӵûƼˣƼӰǰһɤźһżҵģ
ᱻɫЩӲΣţɩֻͬӰ˵ֻýҴҴԼҺߡ
ŲôţɩӶӰʮ顣
æһӲҪ¡
ţɩһӲˣӰҲЩۣɩӣҲ˵˲øͲôҼвˣˣ治գ
żҵģզô˵ǰҲûҼҼӲˡţɩӺ˵˵ҪһҪ£ֱʾұʵڽ̵̫ˡ
Ҳı⼸쾹Ȼ鱾ˣɰӸ˻ˣԺҪĻˣζЦѡ
ţɩûбȳżҵĻ̺ӵʦ
ԴӳżҵĵҺʦۼ˶ûƤ޳麢ˣţɩզܲˣ
Ժſƾ˰죬ۿţɩҪ²ˣӰֻţɩȵȵȣس˵㼦⣬ֽãţɩӴȥӳԡ
ţɩⲻƼżҵľȻһ鼦⣬⼦ɲˣţɩܽӣ
Ӱ㼦ѹȲţɩ͵һӲʵݣ˵ǰţɩ˼βˣ̫ܵ죬Ҳûüصɶ
ţɩӲ⼦⣬ӰʾҪգһӲҲ£ţɩŽӹ⣬ߵżҵģզ
ɩӣҲ̫ˣӰЦһӲ˽ԺѲ˶ӻţɩӣԺ治øͲˣҲ˲ˣ治ȱ˳ԡ
ɣôӦţɩȴżҵİұ̵ôãզܲͲˣ
ţҺţŸպڣⲻţɩӰһ鼦Լơ
ţžȵļ⣿
ţɩⲻԼһӲȥżңżҵҲһ鼦⣬ʾ£ҲһӲˣⲻû취˳żҵļ⡣
⼦ɱ˹
ţɩֱпżҵĿʵ
ţŵͷҲóϱȷʵǸʵڵģ˼ҪʵڣԸսֶӣôã
Ҹղ·ϳ˵㣬ζ治ɱĺó̫ˣɩӶ˵żҵرáţɩӱ˵Ҳ˺һС˳
ţųһڣζȷʵóԲ
ʣµ᲻óԣ׼Լұԡ
ţȻҲŮɶԹŮҲͦţɩӵȻҲֵŮԡ


144 
,ţɩӰһ鼦˴ԼұԣʣСԼŮ֡
ɵļȻһ²ţܵģţͶţ⼦Եļó̫,ţǳԵĻĿԲ̻ʣڽļ⣬Ҫԡ
ţѾԹ¼Ժ߸ճ
,Ӱһ⣬һˣû۲˳,һһԡ
󲿷˼з̲,ҷ˼ֱҪ̫á
мҵ׵˼Ҳ᲻⣬Ǹ⣬Ȼ,Ҫûָ̳Ҳôַ
Լ˺ͺӳԵһ,Ӱﻹͦġ
һγԷĳܲϲԣŴŴķʶ,ƵĸζԵر㡣
ûӶ꽴ȽʺϺӳ,ܲÿһ,ӤС߽⻹Ҫ̾С,ӰµúóС
ɼ⺢ӶԷϲ
ϲԶԵ㣡Ӱ˿Ҳû˼УҲ֪Ҳˣ΢Ц
ܲһڷһӷ⣬ԵС㣺ҳԹĵó,һóСҲòã
ӰС㣡
ҿɺܲЦ̵СԵ϶
Сһͯ޼ɵĻӰЦޱСӶԷ˵
ܲͷͷǷԡ
һڳʳһᡣ
Ӱȴȥϴ裬⺢ӶӻЩģСӳ̫ӰɴԸȥϴͷϴ衣
ϴͷϴ軻·׼ȥϴ衣
ȴȥԺ裬СԺԸѧզϴ衣
䣬Ƥ񰤵סƤۣСĶˣӰ̫ڣ˼ۡ
ӾˮϣŽѾˮϱı
Ⱥϴ裬ºӰæúëסµĺӣӻѡ
ůͶˣܲЦ
ղϴ䲻䣿
䣬رܲ˷ܻء
Ӱ⺢ϴĵͦ˿
·鴲ϣúԸ
Ȼ躢ӣҲɶúӸɣ簮߲ҵúӴ·дҵ
֪С
Ӱȥʱϴ裬·ںԺľǰʮԾϴ·Ը·ţĶһϴˡ
Ƽ˴ڿ㣬΢죬ɫΡ
˱̫ãⲻ˵˼䶼˼
̧ͷƳһۣߴϴ߳䣬Ȼݣ
Ӱһëش»ã߲ͷߵһµ·Ըϴˮϴ
û£䣡˻أ
ӰЩˣȥˮľﵹ˰ˮŮ֪ŵ¡
˵Щԣ̧һۣϱְԵҲͼƽһ仰򵥸ºӾŮ֪౻ϵ¡
˵̫̫ƽӰҭһ¡
ðɣҴ˵ˡ
͸¶Ϣ͸ߴɩ˵һЩҲµλջƵŮ֪µһǻѪ磬һǻѪȫĿӺÿ첻ͣػĥһ㲻ʣ
Դ⣬պ÷ֻԵɺϾСܽӴǸţҪ֪ڵĿġ
򵱳ľŮŮˣټϷųûɣйʣŮ֪ϷҲ⡣
ֻԷ̣ΪûƤ˼ң뵽˼ҾȻȢϱ
Ů֪ҲҪٺһҲƻ飬˴ʮ飬Ů֪þգҲͲ֮
۾ֻзűϣӰգգۺʵ
˳Զȷź̫ˣĻǳĿû˵
˫䣬ͦӲرá
˵ʵ˵˱Ů֪ϵĹš
ͷĬϡ
ðɣָߴɩ˵رù
Ӱ˵ɶӺݼҵ
ָ˼úд󣬵Ȼ˯ĺϴ˯
ϴɹ·ݣӰպ˯ӣ߿ڴͷ
˽ݹź󣬽ӹëͷֲ˿СʱŸɣϴڻױѹ¡

Ӱʶ¿ۣæʾԼˡ
˶һ٣տʼûӰظһ飬ˣ°ͺݺ˼ˣֻʵ˯¡
ˣʣƽ̹Ķеʧ
Ӱһզرʧʣզ
û£
Ӱ˯ʱ򣬼˴һֱӣͦģ˯
ϲܼ˯ǰ˵ȥ¼ԺϱرСһ㼦᲻øǹŮԡ
֪ҲͲ꼶ˡ
ԴǱʾͽ飬ɳԿ٣ÿ¹ʿһ˴飬ֵƱҲ˲٣ڳżҵ㼦ⶼ᲻øŮԣɲǰô
ӪҲóȢϱȷʵ̫С
ЩС£ɶ£ϱƽϣ֮ǵøһϹϵ
ϼȻǳţɸŴùϵ޺
Ӫϱ˳żұ
¼ɶҶ֪ȢϱµģҪбȢϱ͵
˼̽űû£˼ڽύҶί׹Ůϡ
ŵϱȻµģɳȴǾɹģԴӳŵɹͬʦҹϵߵͦ
ǰЩ˵ʦҼͿɶֻ˳һң
ᵹǲ²һҸʦϵߵ׽ǲΪϱԵʣ
ҪܴϵԺ˿϶кǰ;
ԺҪǸϱùϵг¼ҵ£
˵£ӪԭųǾɹģʮֲ򵥣ϱĻӪҲû˵ˣֻظϱùϵ
ɣ»õ˵
˵˵ţɩ¼Ͳ˵£ʾ̫˳¼ҡ
֮ǰţɩʱʱͲˣƲţɩ͵ĲˣòֵǮ
ڼԴţɩ͵Ĳˣɻ˲Ǯˡ
ʵǮǳĸ֮ǰûٸǮ⼸ԴӼＸɼң߼ĵǮҲˣﾹȻûǮ
Ըִ֮ǰûٸԼͺƤЬ·
ټ˹ʲߣڼﻨҪĹʣʮֲζԽԽڡ
ѹòЩƤë£Щ¶ǵ£òģͷֱӱ˯ûһʹˣ
ᱧԹһѾ˯ţĲУһˣҲûѣ죬ֻܰʻضһ˯


145 
,磬ѧУҲָѧ,ѧҪʼϿΣʦҲҪѧУ
ӰѧУһߣΪӾôƽȥ˭֪ͻȻٴαɳ
˯ǰֻһ䣬һ컹ûͳˡ
һ뿪ǽ£һת۶쵽׻û
侲Ҳ̲סЩ,Լ˳ɶ,ʱʱԼˡ
Ѿ£ѧУʼź,ǰЩӿʼԼҺӶȥѧУ
ƽҲиʱ仨ڼ,ʳֱ,ԵĳܲСһ˲,СԲ,ŶЩء
ӰΪﵣԼ˼⼸һƤƤȴø¶Ƥ
Ƥ·Ż,žƯǴۣƤ,ǻۣȥĶ۵һܿ۾ֱˣ
ƤһͷڷҲʮЧ,һͷ㷢ŨܣĵԽ𪾫¡
ߴɩԼʱӰմӳϴ롣
ߴɩ͸Զ֣д£æȥӳһƬݡ
Ƭܲ˲٣ۺȻζʮֺãҧִ㣬óԡ
ǸʱвٰƬĺӣ˵ڸʶȱʳʱ
ƬϺϲʳ֮һ
Դ˵ƬСһⰮԣԣⲻԴӳƬζ쵱СƨҪƬ
ƬϻҲǸһװһССһԸſڳԡ
ⲻӰȥʱ򣬳ܲСһû鶼˲ˣСƨ棬СϳСۼƬɺóˣСԶ϶ûԹ۸һòã
ӰͷͶСһﶢų๾תĴ۾᲻֪СһԼƬ
ܲС֮ǰûָԶԣ
ֻܲԹһƬһθճƬȳޣررóԣСֻһСԣųžûˣõСܣ
ܲе飬ӰҲСһ˼ӻʳԣοĺƽջʮִ󷽵ġ
ϴզһ棿ﱻߴɩŵĸԶ¡
ӰװһСƬúԸ˳ȥԶٳԣճ˲٣ϻɲܡ
ܲı˶һСƬȥݣӰװһСøߴɩҲζ
Դȥ⼸£ߴɩʱʱҪɶæģеʱʱʱԺ¸˵˵ԡ
Ҳߴɩ顣
Ӱʱ򣬸ߴɩڰף߿ӡ
ܲߴɩƬԼһƬƬе죬߸ԶһСһԴҲһ
ԶǸСԻ۾綢ųܲСŲˮˣʣϴɶóԲ
ܲ᲻֪ԶСƬԶܲҲСһƬƬ󣬲СƬɺóˣҪҪԣ
ԶһƬܲƬζԶǵһγƬճһƬ۾ԲƬִ໹Դ࣬ʵ̫̫̫óˡ
֪զ˵ǰóԡ
Զ˲˵ƬСַɿ죬ӿƬе죬ߴߴ˵
Ǳߺ˵ӰҲ¸ߴɩྣøߴɩƬ߰ߴɩһס
ߴɩղŲ˼ԵģһƬҲ˼ƬȻƬζã˵ӰԣԼƬ
ӣɶզģζ治ߴɩڶӵɺҲľˣӲպãʱʱָζСԵġ
ټãСĽܲӵӡ
ϳ¼ţ޲һֱŲҲˡ
ҲǴ󷽵ģԴӸСӾûմ⣬ɶóԵĶϲһЩʵ߯ˣһá
ӰҲҴ߸ߴɩƬըƬͣŵҲɣκ۾Ͳ࣬ҲԲ÷ۡ
ߴɩһⶫͼըģ˻һѰ˼ζҪҪԼҲ㣬ͷˡ
ӰһƸߴɩɫ֪ɶ͵ЦҲǣƽոߴɩҲֻ÷żͣըøۣϴθߴɩＸӼ˵һֱ߶˵۵ĻţҲȰ˵¡
˵£ߴɩҲתעⲻڷҵİԣӰ˵ƼˣǷŴڹúûˣϱˣӣֲϸżҼǮⲻˡ
ߴɩ˵µʱĿעͻȻֻ۵İ׵ֳ֣ƽղϴ룬ȻŰ׵ܷľۣһ
˵ʵЩӣƤ£Щӱ仯Ҳ治Сǰ;ӹˣû뵽ЩƤܸס
զôף
ǰЩƤֱ˵㣬Ӹ˵ɶƤףŴɶѣΪӿЦ
׵Ķѩɫˡ
ƤףüĿ续̣ͦСҲĨ˿֬е΢죬ӻʱÿһЦ۽Ƿ·Źӣۣĸߴɩ⵱ŮĶˣ˵ˡ
ߴɩļ
ġ
ȸ˵ӿ϶Ǻ꾫á
Ʒ⽨ŵĸߴɩɲЩóײ˹ʺˣ¾Ȼôһ־Ưϱ
ǰûбӸƯŮͬ־ڸ˵ˣȫҸģȵӵĶѡ
Ҳ֪ųϱְƯô࣬ɶӦ
ӰͷûעߴɩɫߴɩⲻƳ¶һְ۵Ĳֱ̾źøֲóڵʱʱʱڵ˴
ɩӣǷԺֶֶŮӰ÷ϱδػͬ⣬˵ǰһֱΪ¡
ǰΪһֱ϶ûզϢáôھҲֻʱˡ
ߴɩ֪һЩ˵ǸտʼŴҳ£ҲûֶֶŮֻ÷żĵǮϼ
żҼǮֶֶŮϣûǮģⲻֻܴ
˵ߴɩòһθпãȢôϱԸֶӡ
ˣĸԸǴԸģ
ǮϣˣƳܲ⺢ӱİװֶã
ߴɩҲΪ㡣
ϱǴŵҵ


146 
¼,ߴɩͬӰĸڷҵİԣ˯ǰ,ΪĸֶӵͬȻ
ȱһֱ˶ԸռģԴӷĸֶң·ĸӰңʱʱʷĸɶʱֶӻϼң
ϾԼŶ֮ǰϼǮϼʮֲҪû취ֶֶܴŮԶ޲ֶ,ֶӽŸյ,ȾҪˣֶ,ô
Ȼü۲ͣС,ɤŲû,ԽԽ,û,ȻƢҲˣȻɿ˵,Ҫֶӡ
ɰȼҲˣ,ɤԽԽ󣺡ƾɶﶼƾɶ˵Ҳֹһӣƾɶ
ĸƫķҴý㣬Ҵ£ĸզȥý
űһĲУƫ˭ʮ,ĸӣۣҪ˵ƫģƫĵ򵱳Ҳѵø
ȥý㣬׽㶼ˣûҵĺզȥ
ȼƫý㣬զȥ
ϱֶӣզܣȻҪ˯£⻰ܻ
ȱһֱڻȲӰ椣ⲻȻ⻰ͱѣɫ࣬ʱ˺ƤզˣӰߣǱȲʻˣԸԸ⵱ԩͷɶ£˵ֲҺģƾɶҪˣȻҳ󻰷ǰͷҪͬǾ飡
ķȻ´ˡ
¼ݣ귽һ󳳼ܺȵĿӰͬߴɩͬȵĹϵû˼ȥȰɶǸߴɩЩȥȥƣûãԶظ߼Ժӡ
ӰԼҺˢϴϴ˯
죬ӳ緹Ӱ׼üҵİõȻĳȥ
Դӵ֪һԼĸĽ֪Ⱥ֤飬ʱϹ׺ɫϲֱַһͼ˵òϡƱһĻȥƱƱƤůˮƱ
ǲƱůˮƱǺö
㰾㹽⽴ʱһĻϼҡ
֮ǰһֱ밾㹽ûڳ϶
ԽԽ䣬һԼҺӻްްеӷ׿ɱů
ܲĸԲҲ⺢ֵߣСȻԲ°Ͷ⣬Ӥʮ㣬ëŨֳߣôôɰƯԸҲɰ
ⲻܲ緹֪СҪ㹽Ҳȥˣڳ˵Ҫæ
ӰɲСڳﵹæȥԺӿֵĲݮ
̫䣬֮ǰúֵĲݮܹҲͻһ٣ˡ
Ͻ˲ٹʵ󲿷ֶˣӰ˸С룬ԼҺȥժʵԡ
ܲᣬóԣԡ
Ӱﲻ֪Сӳû֮ǰ͵͵Զժ˳ԣûɫֿȷʵóԣɰСġ
⺢ԴͬԶ֮ǰ͵ժ˼ûһ˷ܣҲȤˡ
ӰʧЦʾ˲źóԡ
ôСܲӹС룬ɴ۾Ҳ˵Ȥ
ںȥԺ֮ǰӰѡͮͮĹʵժ𣡡
ȳܲȥԺӣӰϴ÷㹽ˮгɶҲгɶóӡ
֮ǰװģ꣬ϴɾˮһԷ㹽⽴
㹽⽴֮ǰȹȰԸˮ֣̳طз㹽Ըˮ֣Ըˮֵⶡһ𰾣Ρ꽴顢С
㹽⽴ʱ򣬸ճԱڳӰûɶоסӰߵĸ߼ҡ¼˾ˡ
㹽⽴ζʵر㣬ζ˵Ľڼҳ緹ŵʱŵζﶼֱ̾õգɶ㡣
Ҳ֪ɶóԵģſ߯иˡ
ڳϴĸߴɩҲڷֹɶóԵģզô
ⲻϴһûע⣬Լϴ϶ãȥӼˣߴɩҲˡ
ÿӸϵҲ󷽣ˣôֲֺƤģ˭
־͸򱻸ڵζŵĿˮֱֵʹ󣬲˼ǵܾ̼ܵܣ˸ɴȥɶʱóԵġ
ǻ˵ɶرóԵƬܲԣ־ڶĽܲˣҲĽԼզǲСġ
ˣǰЩǻܲţء
˵صظܲţ̣˵˶ãզô٣̶Գܲô󷽣
ţ̹ǲǶţ̺ȣֻɶʱҲóԵĸǳԡ
ߴɩӳɶԣųԺȢϱ뵽쵽ףҹ᲻Ҳٺòˡ
ߴɩʱɿڵʱ˵ϴȥ̼Ұһֱռ̼ұˣƽ࿴㣬£㻹ܲ£˭ʳҲǴģ
֪ˣ־
㹽⽴߼Ӱ죬ڳ緹ķҲӰ졣
ȻͬԼﳳһܣһûɶθڣȥʳô緹ɻŸڵζʮֲζ
ǰԸȢ˸ϱķȻеĽš
ɵ緹ŸζǶʼӰĺӡ
ⲻƼϷĸӳ԰׷ģŻĲС
Ҽҿǹ̶ģȻйʣҪĸͷֶԸϣԺ׼øųԿʲˡ
ô򷢷ĸͷֶӣȻȴֶֶŮҶɳԣȴкԼֶֶŮԵ㣬ĸɫźõ㣬ɫȴѿ
Ҵһʮһ꣬ǹŮз㣬
СǶӣзС
Դӷϴ£ˣӶʮֶ£ʮķ㣬Ѿῴɫ
ŸڵζȻҶ˵ɶлԼСͷɡ
ȿ緹ĸͻȻۣԺ緹ȥʳ򣬷ǮԺ
һĸ⻰֪ĸҪ£ס뿪ڣĸó緹ȳȥ棬ۣզϵģԸʮϴһͬϱÿ嵱ֻмҷѾ˼ۼŪ˸ҵ˼СȰø㣬ǩԸѵø㣬Ҫ統Ҳȥظ£Ҳ£
ᵽԼϴ£ĸۿͨ졣
ȻȻҲѵø£ּﷺᣬʱһɫӦ£㡢Сס£һڷȱСģ


147 
հ㹽⽴,Ũζ˱Ӱе
㹽⽴СһСʱһ,㹽ζĽһζã桢㶼ʮֺá
ڷźȵӰҲӣӳզûûˣ
˲ùע˼ҵ£ӰѰõ㹽⽴ƿװãװޣͬһȥҡ
ʮַ,ѰȥרŵĿ,ÿȥسǲɰĺڻὫЩһһĳ
һ磬ӰûüԸͰȥ,ţ˳Ѱȥˡ
뿪ǰ,ɩ,ųǰصտ,ɶֱӸ˵ͳ,ǧ
˳£ʱʱһ,Ѹˮأ˲,Ҳ˳Էż˵ԵģؼңҲһûչ
Ӱ֪զл֮ǰ,ӰһС㹽⽴ؼҳζ
챾ܾӰȵɶֵǮĶؼҸϱζҲɩҵգ⽴㶼ԣҪգԺɩҿɲ鷳ٰæ
ʮĶֻΪϱͨĽ˻ɩӵղһĺãϱһ㣬ӵҲû۾лһߡ
ӰţöԺˣĳܲܲһһˮֶ࣬رóԣеԸһżιһӰɰĲС
䣬ⶫԶ˶ӰöԣܲʵСۼ԰ٷǸ⽴òã
С㹽⽴ˣѸԶֻܹԶûñؼˣСԺζûȫɢȥر㣬ˮ
Ӱһֶֻһֻǣӽһ㹽⽴⺢ȳζ
ղ㹽⽴ʱ⺢ӿûܣҪ˵⽴ҪԣͳСӶ᲻ó
ܲһ㹽⽴е̣ζãĳܲ۾
߳ܲ㹽⽴ζãǱؼҺ󣬰ɩ͵ĽϱɩӸĽˣ˵ˡ
콻ȥѵˡ
ϱһʼΪͨˣƿǴ򿪣ÿһӳζȼеⶡϱζ⣬ˡ
ϱȻһƿ⽴ң
⽴ζʮ㣬һӣζըθڴ󿪣ʳ˳˻ٳԡ
ϱ˺üӲͣ졣
Ҳ֪ϱ߯ˣһ˼ø⽴˵ųųϱʵڵˣرãƽпնȥųϱæ
֮ǰϱ˼쵼ټϳϱűȳﶼƯֲһ㣬ҲҶϱ׽Ӵµ˼ֵ˼ҲԸӴ
ϱ˵ദ˼ɶʱҲȥæ
磬ϱһҰһ򵥵˵ķһ⽴ɶûţζζζʮֺã֭Ҳ㣬ʮֺ·
ϱʮ־ϲ
ѵؼңϱĲˣҰ˸ƽʱûɶ𣬿ζ൱ˡ
֭ŵ㹽㣬Ҳζ·ʮ־ȣǰҲûԹϱܴһɶζζζҲһ㡣
ϱզģզôóԣ
һ磬ƽնһĺ̻ʳԱʵ̫óˣզģҪ
ԼԸģǮϱǰģա
찮ԣϱʮְζеҲһ뷹
ϱԹ緹󣬲Ÿ˳ϱ͵Ĳǽ㹽⽴ζʮֺá
ⲻʱɶûӣͼ˵㹽⽴ζʵϲ
ԺҲܼӵ㹽⽴ζ϶Ҳ
ϱòпϱĳգֲһֻ߶ϱնöã
쳢㹽⽴ζ˵Ļ
ϱ˵ɩ㹽⽴Ҳˣжʮйʣһ굽ͷĴһְֻƶĹ
ɩӾȻ͸⽴ǸжǺգ֪ɩ⽴˵ɶ¡
ҲٻȥпնȥŰæϱпնȥɩ˵˵ɩ˳ȻƯ˺ûӣƽն̬ȶʮֱֲʾȻ͵㶹ɩӼҡ
ϱɣպۼҶǽģҲʣֻû١
û£Ͷٶ۵⣡
ҳ緹ϱװĴ󷽿鶹ȥ¼Ժӡ
¼ݣӰҲմԼҺӳ緹緹Ҳûɶˣֻ˰㹽⽴裬һˡ
㹽⽴ζʮֺã㹽⽴ʱ򣬻ܽԸˮֵⶡⶡ㽹ģһһСԵʮֹ񫡣
ԺӰúԣȥſơ
ȼϱĶӰʮ־ȡ
ϱһǸʵڵԸͲеڣһеĺɫ̿ްеС㣬һֳֺ黨费Ըеɬ
ϱǸлԼ͵һ㹽⽴ֵɩӣԸĶرʣ㳢ζ
Ӱգϱ˵Ըģû׼¡
ɩӣſڵžͳɣȥˣϱûݣӰϱر󣬵ͷզֻȥ£ϱⶹͦϲġ
ҲжҲΣֻ·еԶÿλ·صʱĲˡ
ѶԼӰæóȥϱ׽ɶԭ뺰ӣȵ֪ϱȻ꣬Ӱֻõҵģ۶ϱпҼҶ˸죬Ҳһ¹ҵһ۾;رԵ֣п۶ппģ
ӰᵽԴ˿ɰǲæǧ
ϱᣬϸ׽ϱůģԭЩ˼Ҳڸ̧ͷ
ղϸƣһӡǳϱףǰʱ򶼰ס
ϸƣϴһϥĺɫëأĵرϸСҲرף޳쾱ΧһȦɫΧϸƣֳϱƤɫΧף
ѩ㷢ɢڼϣһ߱¶Ө׵Ķ;ϸСʸⲻһ㡣
ϱ㿴ǰ֪ϱƯ̶̼ûȴû뵽ϱȻƯ
˵ϱǲá
ϱĲӦӰͷŷߡ


148 
õ㹽⽴,һС޸ңС޸߼Һܼҡ
⼸,߼ܼҶʮչˣӰҲСһһСޣϾ⣬ҲûС
ɾһС⽴Ҳ൱ֱʡ
ⲻߴɩһʼҲӣϱ㹽⽴,ûؼšƿ,ⶡɰһ
ٻȥҲ,ֻŰϱɶʱܼһ飬Ҳôϱȥ¼,ưϱɶҪæġ
,Ҳհϱ˵ʱ˵㹽⽴,
ʵζʦ鷿,ܼҲȲ
裬ɶˣզô㣿,̽ͷɶòˡ
컹գջ,˵óҲûС
Ѿ㣬ζʮֺãζûһζ
ζۣ˵㹽⽴֭Ũʡ
Ҳʮ־ϲû뵽ӵ㰢ϱ㹽⽴,ζôã
˲ûŮŮ˲˽ݳ
Ҷȶ˲˽ݣ
һǰʦʤ졢ζ̲ס˼С
ζ֭Ũմ֭ֺ·ζ
˵ʤֵܣʦζʮ־ϲζզôóԣ
ߺ濴ϱӲͣ˼УԵʦʮֹ񫣬ûզ
ʤҲýʵ̫θڣʤ첻ԸУϱУԡ
Ҷ㣬ζȷʵеر·
ó԰ɣЦŹʡ
ʦ˲ûأĿӾû֭ͣҲúȣʦʢҨ跹Ũʵ֭跹ʦһ뷹
ҶҲûͣ죬ʤֳ̻һ뷹ȥʢŵ裬̫θˣɶʱۼһΣ
ⲻʤýٷÿ˶һ뷹
ʤĴ뷹ҶŮͬ־ķ
һôԣҲˡ
跹ҲûٳԷ
һӶԳˡ
˵ϱһ㹽⽴ͼ˵㹽⽴ζôã
ر𰮳ԡ
ܼһ˲ŻȻ
Ӵɶʱˣһ㣬˼㹽⽴ζӦҲ
ܼ֣߼Ҳûʡ
ߴɩ᲻㣬˵ײˣ˵㹽⽴⽴ⶡ㹽ͣĲܲóԣ
ⲻżԼϱİײ˾Ȼˮ˲ͻкҲЩԾ
ȳײ˵ζҲʮ־ϲоȣϱİײζ
ζеĭһ뷹
߼ֵθҲã־򶼲ͣߴɩۼҵײ߯óˣԺۼҰײôɲɣر·
̻ʱ߳ԱߵͷʮѵһθߴɩգҲҪϱײ˸ԣҲϱι԰ײܲˡ
㹽⽴ڸ߼ҺܼܻӭӰû뵽ģ廨
廨ͶصͼȻ˵㹽⽴֭Ũ˵л㣬⳴һˡ
ҲͲˡ
廨ԣԼҺҲԡ
ӰҨ˵֭úӰ跹ԣܲԵĹġ
еܲͣӰһˮԣԸˮ
ʢڶ뷹ʱӰºӾ̫û֭跹ܲҪ֭跹ССۼҲ˱˼Ҳ˶㣬ررóԣ
˵ͷԷԲˣӰҲ֪СӸСһҲǸؿζġ
һת۹˴󺮿쵽С꣬˴󺮣ѩ
һ𴲣ӰԸʵʵҲԼҺӴ˲·
ůڿԼ֮ǰëë㶼ܻϣë߹õЬҲó
˺ü˫ˡӡԸС
ӴްӺЬӰó׷洹ñرУñмһźɫǣܲرϲ
ӰӴñӣ׷洹ñŶرůͣ˵Һ⺢ӸֵţŻͦɰġ
ܲվŲ۾գգͣŴСҿůررůͣ
ů;ͳɣ
ӳԹ緹Ӱúȥ档
ѩѩصģúӱԶ͸߼ֵܸ档
ܲӦر
ӳǰӰܲס
ܲСЦСҲر𣺡СҿϲС廹ϲرر࣡
ܲ˵ֻСֱȻԺ⴫ԶҲ
ϴ˲
ܲ緹˲Ҫȥȥ
ǵңܲ
ȫװãӰԼҺȥ棬꣬в£Ҳǽ굹ڶмвҪ
ܲԺţӼܲװر档
ҶûñӺףӿɺĽ
ȶųܲͷϴ׷ñǲرů˳ܲһܲҼҲһñӣҲҪñӣ
˵꣬ԶҲʾҲһ׷ñо£رر磬øԶĽǳܲϴް
һƾµģϴްģٲ
ܲעһİСͨСϣ͸Զ˭
ԶȽܷСϴзСġһ棡
ûȳܲڣ͸Զյܲ߸˵ƻ˵СرңûеСס
ܲͷͬһ棬СһرСܲ˵
һܵʱ򣬸Զִյܲ˵֪Ķˣƽ˵ڷҵİԣСϴ󣬷СɲˣˣС㣬ǳ԰׷ģ˵ҪС飬̶رãڣСŲզ۸ǡ
Զɶ˼ϲССܲСе㶮˼˸Զ˵СС۸ĻСе㡮Сء
Զ˵رãȢرиûги
ܲһԶ˵Сûԭ࡯ԲҲ¶ЦݣСɺˣҲررã
զϴõģԶʮ
һʼյ֪ϴģһϴ󣬺̶ϴɺÿɺˣֵܶãĽˡ
ⲻԶԼϴϵ·ЬӣĽˡ
Զϴ󣬷С̫ˣԺǸ棡
ܲͷߴӶһѣߵԺС۸˵ң
õģϴ󣡡
ϴӰгȥУ·߼ңߴɩӰʸߴɩҪҪȥУȥĻȥ
쵽ףߴɩȻҲҪ׼ȻȥҪȥУߴɩպҲͲһѳ
ȵ˼У˵͵ĵطŷֵ


149 
,ر֣ȻǰЩѩ,̯͸ϼȴرࡣ
̳вٺûΪ˲˻ɣӰڼ˵ɻ۽˰ǡʵ⡢ŹǡϺƤ㡢ȡ
˼УǰԺֵ˾⼸ҲĲࡣ
˵㺢ӰԵĺ֡
öӰ̧ʱ䣬׼ͬߴɩ͵ĵط
гȥʱȻһ̯ƼϺ,ڵʵϺ,ͷرԷ˵ǴӺ,Ӱæ˼ϺʺҲһЩ
Ǯ,౳¨ʱ,žе,Ӱѱ¨ҳǰ,Ƴͬߴɩ͵ĵط
ʱ򣬸ߴɩŸӵǱߡ
Ӱæɩ,Ⱦ˰ɣˣ۾Ȼȥ
ûȶ,ɩҲ͸յߴɩʵöߡ
Ǹ޲ðһǮ뻨ˣҪǿ꣬治С
һо͵ûǮ
ⲻһͻǮߴɩﻹ۵ĲС
Ҫ˳緹ʱ,Ҫ㼸⣬ܲһ굽ͷúǳܲˣֻһⳢζͲˡ
ߴɩƿӣӰĶߵӣǲ֪ɩӽЩ㻨˶ǮϣŻҶ򼸽⣬Ϊײ˰Ҳֻ˵һ֪Ů˵ҵĿࡣ
ߴɩüӰɨ˼ۣߴɩȻĶ٣û
ǰߴɩμУߴɩֻһ⣬
Ӱɩӣʣ
ǣÿɩУߴɩԭţԼӵ廨⣬üЦ
ʵҲӵĳ磬ⲻ⡣
Щ͡
ߴɩǰߴɩɨӰƼһ¨ĶߴɩһզôࣿԵꣿ
ƼŹǾȻϺϡ
ַզôԺͳզ죿
ⲻߴɩǰЩҵ㹽⽴⽴ⶡ͡
˵ˣǰɶ᲻ãҵ㹽⽴ⶡͣûٷš
ߴɩȰһʡŵ㣬ΪԺ㣬ͷǮԺɶ¶Ųǣ
˼ʮͬӰҲûøߴɩһҪͬĹ۵㣬֪ߴɩǺ⣬ﳵߵͷɩӣ֪ˣμĶҲǿ쵽ףʡһ굽ͷҲܵóԶٺõġ
ҪȻֻ˵䣬⣬ߴɩӣǲ֪ű¶ϲɶ㹽⽴ˣƽշŵˣˣźͺӼԼ롣
Ӱ΢Цʮߴɩƽ̫ʡ˸࣬Ͷ᲻÷óԣ
㹽⽴Ϸ˲٣ȷʵóԡ
ߴɩֹ㲻֪զ᲻ˣߴɩҲԸǰѳȣǶԣҲԣҲ˷Ѱ㡣
Ӱɴɩӣӵ⽴Ӧζպ֪ҵգ쵽ˣҴ㻨ǮҺҵİæ㶹ɩӣҪ
ߴɩϱ죬ϱգӰĻҲЩĶвûھʣ˵ʵĶĺö
ȸߴɩػӰɩӣҪʺҵûпգŶǮҪǼ۸֪ͨ㣡
ãӣǧ֪ͨɩӣ
ɣ
ڸ߼ſڷֵ
߼ԺһȺӣܲƼߴɩˣ֪С϶ҲˣСǴкԺܡ
߼ֵҲŸߴɩݡ
ɶóԵĲԶʵ
־͸ʹѾ֪ˣҲʮŵӣƽ˷Ͷ᲻ãܻǮԵġ
Ȼ
һԵģߴɩԶɶԣȱԵĻǺȵģûԱֺԼϴȥúɸԼС
˵Զ־ֵܶرԼҺɣԺˡ
ǵֵƼξȻ˲⻹㣬ֵܻһ˵໽С
ߴɩҪͣԺﻹӣԼϴȥԼõɸӷ֡
֪ˣ
Ҫ͸Զ¸Ÿߴɩ
¼ԺӣӰհͲ˶Ž񣬳ܲܽ
Ķ࣬ܵĲ죬պ󣬴۾Բﹾתһƾر飺Сһ
ӰѸĺһƬϣ⺢ݳԡ
ܲһѵſС
磬ʮ࣬켯ûʳ֮ǰĽ⺢ӶԹˡ
Ӱ⺢ûԹ죬ѩֺ͵֣պһǰ˲Ѽ
Ӱϴ˼ܲݡ
ӰݣԼҺС˵ҸԣԺСԶϴ󣡡
Ӱҭһ£Сôϲϴ󣿸뺰ˣСһСɻˣǸŮˣǰ۸С㲻Ҫ棡
ҪС۸㣬ԳС״С飡
СҪǻ۸㣬ҲԸңõܲ۵üѵ˵ԸĵӵһСʯӣԺǿȥ
˵׼ͷͦ׼
ӰһڣƼӰСˣܲһ飬Բ۾๾תСҲСɰܹȥסӰСȣСۼҵıϺóرر㣡
Сһ˵߿к֣е½ȫмĭӰ⺢ģͼ⺢·ǰʪһƬмӡӣӰЩͷۡ
ܲˣͷҿӰ
զŪģˤˣӰʡ
ȵ֪СûˤˣӰСƨˣԺСԸϴ·
ߴӻطס
䲻䣿
䣡ܲСЦ·϶ˣһ㶼䡣
Ӱë£ҺҲްʪһЩ滹Ǹɵģӻ·ӰСӵȻԸްϴˡ
ܲͷС˵ӺԸһϴ·
ӰղǸӣʳܲǺ˭
ȵ֪ԷǷŸֶӣӰͷ
СССɻղʱ·ϷСССϲģܲ
Ӱüܲѧ˵ͶûɶøУûɶøˡ
ߴɩ˵ǸТ˳ģû˳ȣ÷ĸֶŮֶŮھӰҲ߿Էһۡ
Ӱ溢֣ԺҺú棬ԺţӰֻȴӳȥ
ŵǷĸĸҲƼӿź֣֪ǸڼҺӸģĸصشŸл˳ҲϤϤھӣϱˣɲܸԼҶۣͬھ׽Ҹһϼᶹǡ


150 
Ӱһ۶ǰƵ̫̫ͦкøе,ĶǷĸʾҪᶹǵ,ӰŽӹԷᶹǡ
лˣ
ĸһμڳ¼СϱЩ죬ڼûϱڡ
Ϊڶ಻ˣ֪˼Сϱÿã׵,ͷڵ,ģ˵ţ˿һ,ûô־ƯСϱ
ĸﾪ̾ߴԷǣһĺ,⺢ӳҲ߯,ͷһƾر顣
⺢Ӳ,¹һӵ̫̫֪ɶлѪ,;áĸⳤû˵
ĸţ˵˻Ự,Ӱ͵˸ĸǰĸȼҴһط緹ˡ
ȸյ֪ĸõᶹ͵Ǹڳ¼,ϳֱϲܼҡ
Т˳ֲ飬զ˵ĸӰúò,Ҳãڳ¼и
ʼɣɫѿڶǲ֪Щ֪֪治֪ģװźˣﾡ¡
˵ǰŰӵ˵£˵ǺǳŵֶӣɲǴޣܰѺӵѵίˣȥѶҡ
ĸһ˵ɶ
ȼĨӰ˵ųþˣ֮ǰ빴
ĸ
ҪҵĻȥû£ҪզϲڴۼҵĲҾιҲ˸ںꡢְ̾װģҲǵ˰˱ùȢôϱųʱҿûټĵģ
ĸûզͬڴҲ֪Сϱɶˡ
ĸҲǴģղ˸ںӴĺãɫŰġ
ĸ˵˿ڣȱʾΪӰίȥѶˣӲŲզŰӡ
ĸŰɣԼҶϱ˵ģĵȥˣȥˣһʱԼҶϱĻϱʮֲ
ⲻһȽϣĸϱĲе٣֮ǰϱТ˳ûģԼҶϱԼСҲûɶٶһһ⡣
ԭڶദķĸҲЪ˴˼
ӰᶹǸݣߴɩ߶˼䡣
ĸһᶹǣߴɩ̫̫Ǻദ˵˲զأǲ٣ֻϣԸԸûˣ
Ҳ㣬ֺãҲǺദģĸ˵˼䣬̫̫ʶȤֻˣ˴뱲ӵĸߴɩʮиŵҪԡ
Ųôƫģÿ¼ǮûɶԹԣŵãǴ󷿵ıˣƫСƫĵˡ
иùŵӰ˵ɶߴɩıԹ
Ҫ˵ӣĸȷżҵĻã˵֮ǰҰҰõЩ˵ϱϵûŸĸʮƽճ¸ĸʮûٸӼİ
ߴɩҲڱԹ䣬ᶹ׼զ
ɩӣᶹǳĭͦóԵģĭٵûϵٷŵ㹽⽴Ӱء
ɣȻҾͰôҲ˲⡣ߴɩڰأѾ࣬ϴæڳ϶߶䡣
ڸߴɩԺǰӰʾᶹĭ桢桢涼ɡ
ߴɩسѾãȫرζ㡣
ﰾͣ־ֵҲûܳȥˣǸԶһֱҪ
ߴɩÿ˷㣬ߴɩȥܲζȥأʢ곴˳ԡ
֪ˣԶܡ
¼ԺûأԶܽȥ£ϴҼɺóҸ飡
ܲҲԣԺеĸԴ࣬óԵͷҪˡ
Զ׼ȥ
ܲһسӰӰԸԣ
ܲȷСˣе㡣
ӰһϺϺպرóԣӰصؼֻϺպ˽øԶţֵһһֻζ
лл̣
ԶûԹϺĲ˶رóԣԶܻԼҰϺԼֵܷˡ
־͸ҲûгԹϺպİϺʮζֵܶʮְԣδĽܲˡ
緹Ӱûĭᶹǣ˰Ϻһ뷬١
һһСݳ緹
ϺܲԣӰҲԡ
ҪϺе鷳ܲСͺģϺðȫҿУӰۣӰ˼䷹ԡ
ССԶϺóܲķŴ۾εͲһۼɶʱԡ
ڵĺ˵ǲ˵ζ㣬ֺӰԡ
⺢ʮӰҲʾ弸ԣɰѳܲ˻ˣѵԼС壬Сɶʱؼҡ
ӰҲˣû⺢ȷȴ𰸣ֻ˵ˡ
ܲŸͷǷ
緹ϴ֮ǰӰԼҺӲŪ·Ū·Ըϴ·ˡ
ϴ·ûɶͽȣܲϴ·еԾԾԣӰɲ⺢Ӱ·ȫŪʪֻñʾŪ·óԵģܲСһʵʾŪ·ˡ
䣬ڵҲ죬ӰԹ緹ϴϴ
ϴ֮ǰܲţ̡
⼸ӰúӼֺţ̣ڵţ̿ʵʵûˮţ̣ȼµЧʮֲ
⺢ɫ࣬װ۵ģݰͰӪĴȫģͷҲ˵㡣
⺢ϴʱ㱧ӱ̫ˡ
ܲСԼСѲ˼¶űһҲأС
Ӱ˵СӲ˭أСһƨɣ걻ѸϽ˯
ܲСҸůѣȻ˯
꣬⼸ûɶҵúӺúϢ
Ӱڱȥ߽ʸͷȺ˯ˣͷҲɵĲࡣ
ϴĨ˸¶ĻƷÿĹΣϡһһûӡ
ͿƷʱӰ߿ӣ⼸ԴƤƤ仯ȷʵͦ
˵һ֮ǰҲףԶûͨ͸İס
Ƥͨ͸ףٷ·˷ظı仯ֵҲʵı仯پƯ˷ǳ࣬ϸַ·ûɶ仯
Ӱ⣬ֵǵ⣬£ϵļҲְֽۣᰴһ£ӡӣһͷںŨܵ㷢
Ӱ˻᾵ӣ̫䣬ûҲϴ
˵иȺСһӰ걻ѵʱůġ
ҹΣһһС˯ĸ졣
һ磬Ӱ緹𴲣ܲҲᴩ·ˣСһģ·
·ϴ緹
緹ӰӴñӺףúӸ棬ԸȥѰ˼ϱܲܰæ㶹
ճžڷţòһк
ÿ飬üûϱķƼǿˣе㲻ϣɩɩӣ


151 
Ӱվɴ˺ɫϥë,ΧһȦɫΧͷ,¶Ư
Ƥ⼸±׷ɫȱĹ˷ۻ͸΢죬͸죬Ĩ֬촽΢죬һ޹Ũ˸⾪ޡ
Ҷ˵˿װϥĺɫëسĵƤ,ĸ,ϸȳ,ֺãûһ¹,ȴйﻹй
ӰӴĸߴɩܾе仯,ԽԽƯ,Ƥ,˵ûӰķȻ
ӰʱģԷȻ󣬷Ȼֱӿֱۡ
̶̼û,ϱ仯զô
ϱһֱ˵ϱǺꡢһ˲,ȻɳϱǲǺꡢá
ҪȻ仯զôզôôƯ
Ӱ֪Ȼ˼ͬӹϵһ㣬ƽȷһ˲ʱȻӰò˵˼ߡ
Ȼȴϱ뿪ıӰ,ŻطңؼʱȻųϱɫզôף
ǰϱƤˣųϱ֪ʲôףϱɫܸѩˡ
Ҳ֪Żܲϳϱ
Ȼûɶ˼Ǿóϱ仯ʵ̫̾
֪ǲǳϱɫӡ̫ԺƼϱʱ򣬾ȻϱƤеơ
ȻѿڶϱƤզ˵㣿
һ仰һˣֵģæԼվӡ
˰죬ҲûԸƤбƣǶƤеɣ˿ʱȻСʷȻƤǲˡ
ȻʶžϱƤûɶ仯ֻ˵ϱ̫ףϱϱԱȣⲻžϱƤơ
˼ȻȻֻ֪˵һԸƴˡ
ΪѵøǰһһۣȻûɶо
Ȼ뺰Ȼ˵ĸֶֶŮ¡
Ȼȱĸ

ڳϴˣĸвˣȻԼֶŮϴϴַֻ죬üͷ΢㣬ϴСһȥˣͻСڼҸɻ
Ӧãϴ
ûֱȺȥϴ·
Щϱ·ȫֶŮϴղϱɲøɶ£ȻɫѿˣڵȻ˵˵ϱ
ϱҲûɶҲ֪ӲףڼҲɻȸɵҲûɶۣɱϱҷƢĸء
ĸҲǲԼֶŮĸȻеŮɱϾŮҲ׵ġ
ĸӵ̣Ҳ۵
ĸҪǲ򲻵ѣҲԼۡ
ĸҲԸֶֶŮۼۣԭϱͲͬӣֻŮµ㣬Ů¶£Ӹӿڷԣɵɱڴܿ෹ûóԺá
ܵ࣬ԺΧ֮ڰһӣ˵С˵ŮҪԺҪܿھҸˡ
ԶϱŮҲûɶ
Ȼﲻ֪Ϊ롣
˾±ȽϣǰԳϱֶûɶ뷨óǸϱܼ޸ײ˹ʺˣײʺ˵ĲǳϱǳţóϱԸŵֶʵѵá
ϱĵǮϼҶԸ⣬ΪֶֶŮһֱ飬ÿ˯ʱϱҪֶֶŮͻϼңҪҪ顣
Ȼƽһ˶ԳĽ
ǰеͬűϱ˼ڷȻһԼϱϱȽϵ˼
ģ档
һֱ˵ĸʮֵԼ۸ϱ֣ɲΪӽ͵ɢˡ
ʾϱƽҲûɶػϴ·ɶ
ģҲϱ֣ĸʵڵģȻֻõȴɶʱúȰȰϱӵ·ͱúϴˣԸҲá
ȻҪȥĸסĸ˵һᶹǣ׻˵ԶײڣĸҲھӺúôãϱԸڳ¼ϱЩġ
ĸûиԼҶ˵ϱ˵Ļֻھզ
ȻǺֵڳ¼Һ͸߼ҴãϱһֱߣְƽϣҴжʱŸŹϵЩΡ
Ȼۼھ˶Ӻͳû˵
զϱ˵Ĳһ
ĸ߳˱߼ҿƼڳ¼Сϱ˳ǽһ־Ư˵е⣿
Ȼһ⻰²ſ϶ϱֺ˳ϱɶ
Ȼæɫ⻰˭˵ģۿɲ˵ڳŻ쵼ء
⻰˷ĸһڷĸҪȻ۵ǰ;ĸæͷʾԸ˵Լǲ˵ģĸֻõͷ
Ȼɫѿǰ˵ϱֻñʾϱڳϱе㴦
ĸе㻳ɣ˵ǻͷԳرƯĺӲǳ¼ϱ׶ֶӣסڣϱզǺӵģÿ춼Ƽ
˼ϱرʵڣƷû˵ǺӱĻۡ
ȵǷŰӵĻĸȻǸԼ۵Ļ᲻֪֮ǰЩʮ֮**ԼҶϱġ
ϸǺӴĺáĺãɫһǺӾ͹ʮֲ
ͳСϱԸзֶӻѺô㣬ĸ͸߿ԷۣûɶԷƷС
ʮ֮**ԼҶϱΪͬ¼Сϱìܱ˻ĸֱᷳ˵˻ģƷ⣬ʱԼϱЩһѾ
ȻɫÿæҽڳţϾһֱҪȢġ
ڶɡ
ǰȻﳴ΢Ŷ㣬˲źóԣ˵ҲǮȥʳôˣÿһȲȷԣȻͦ˵ġ
ӰѾϱ˵£ϱ˵ǮҸ͵ĶӾͳɡ
ĳɣ
Ӱ˵Ǯϱһֱգ˵Ǯᱻ˵ͶѣӰϱ˵رϲ㹽⽴˳ԣζرãӰֻô͵㶹ӣɶʱϵʱһЩӡ
ȥͬߴɩ˵£ʾϱǮһЩӣɰѸߴɩ˻ˡ
ߴɩҲǰռ˱˵ˣϱ͵㶹ӣܲ˼Ұװæǣֱ̾ϱʵڡ
˵찴˵ĳĭᶹǣ㹽⽴ζ治˺ͺӰ˺ü뷹˾Ȼˡ
ɰѸߴɩֵĲУߴɩֱ㹽⽴˶
Ӱ΢Цĵ㹽⽴˳˲óԡ
䣬ԻҲӰп¸еȿû
ͬߴɩ˼䣬ߴɩοſ϶ˣӰͷȻԼԺӡ
Ժ棬ԼҺʵ·ҲûŪ࣬Ӱɴ簾ͼ


152 
Ӱ͵ʱ,ζƮԺӣɰһȺӲĻţԶСһˣĳ̲ܲס,ŵŵȥ
ԶƤϰ,ټԸø̿,ųܲܵſڰͰ̽ͷ,Ͱͺһ̣ϴ󣡡
ͷСҲĻţ,˶Щ˼Ų,ʿˮƵƵſơ
Ըߴɩ˵˲ϡ̳ǵӰ˵Ҳһ,ùһЩһܲ,һԶζ
ճ,²,Ҳرִ,Ե㡣
֪ԺﺢӶ,˰˰,ԼҺӶ˳ȥ漸һ,øԶ˸׸ֱü鳢ζ
ӰĴ󷽾ɰѳܲ͸ԶӸ˵۾
ǸԶ̵ݸԼϴ϶϶࣬ɱ֮ǰĶ࣬ɰѸԶĽˣզ̾ôô
ϴԼ飬һ鶼᲻øˣ˵Ҫ곴˳ԡ
ܲҲرˣԼСرûСǰӡ
ܳȥ,ԶҲСβæܳȥһȫûˡ
Ӱæ㣬ˤ
֪ˣС˷ܵӦ
Ӱʣµװ͵һЩװ
Ժ⣬ȳܲ˳˵һԣɰС˼ˡ
ѵĺöԶѾˣԵ㣬ɰͷСˡ
ԭЩ˼ãܲǲÿãԸ߳ԵĨͣܲ͸ԶԵ㣬Ҳ̲סˣԡ
һԣִóԵ˲ͷҪˣԭЩСҶķСٶȶˡ
ܲúóԣ´ҼɶóԵģҲԣ
ס˵Ļܲͷ
ϴСãԸôԣССĽ
ǣСɺˣܲƨ
ԶҲĽܲ޲ԸҲܵ׶ӣųɶ˵˵Ӱٶȡ
ܿףӳԵĨͣ㣬ԺȫǺǿĴ
ܲȻڳûԼСķԸԶûûֻԸȫԼ׸硣
ܲüͷץץæò׵ĸԶ룬Ըɿץ˼͸ڸ߼ֵܳζ
ܲ־Եʱ򣬸ߴɩֵ˵
ܵܣ
ܵܣ
־ֵͬƼܲǰҪǣ֡
զˣ治ߴɩЦʣܲҳ緹
ܲҲҡͷܾߴɩʮСԶÿֻԷСԶĲ˻óԣ߼ֵܿˡ
ܲûڸ߼Ҷץָ߼ֵܣǳԵĲ࣬־ÿֻ顣
ɾɰѸ־ֵܸ˵ĹǺ˵Ķܵܣ̫ˣɶʱǴȥ㣡
ֵܱ˵æԵδ
ߴɩҲŸӰ͵ζԸֵܷ֡
֮ǰҲܲӾȻóܲôϴ϶ԣߴɩ˼
ߴɩ֪ԼڸڳԵĿɶˡ
ǳܲǰŻȥˣԶҲˣԵĨͣߴɩƲæڳ¼ҳ˼
ȸߴɩ͸־ֵԼ˵ڸڣӣ̣˰ͳܲСԣߴɩ͸־ֵܶˡ
ȸ־ֵĽĲУߴɩӰۣɶⰡ
զַô
̼ɺóˣ̿ɴˣҳ϶ˣԶһ仰ø־ֵĽĶЩۺˣզСģզûƤ
ǸߴɩԼӼôСһ١
Զ̫⻹һԵѿڶϧ̫óˣˡ
ⲻ˵ߴɩСӣ־ֵܶǷСӡ
ֵ׷Ҹֳһš
ŸջںԺϴݵĶԼ˵Ļֱ̾ÿ治һĴ󷽡
ԼǹǺⶡ㹽⽴Ÿַ̾զôԼռ¼ұ˿ɲ١
ҺҲԼ̺˵ڳ¼ҸܲСԶĸ˰£ɩӺͷϼҲˡ
ϱƽַξ˰ӳԣϱҲ̫ˣ
ɩӺͷϼʶ᲻ãֻܶԼҺԺڷȥ¼ҡ
СԸ͵˼̳ԡ
ȷĸ֪ڳ¼СϱȻ󷽲˰ԼӵȼӳԣĸԳ¼Сϱ۸вǣֱҪ̫ãΨһһ㲻õľǾó¼Сϱַ̫̫˷ˡ
⣬ƽճ˼ӵ㣬÷Ͷر㣬ɶӸɳ˷ѣ
ĸ᲻óӸҲĸɴԼҸݵŮһ鳢ζʣµŲﳴ÷ɶ͡
ֻһķҲܸˣԴҳºѾþûˣûǰҲٳ⣬رϧС
ҲɣԺⱻƼ
ʳеǰûٳɫʷģǲ̫˵Ǯģ
ûĳԶʳǴĸϲؼ飬˿ٿѣһ᲻÷ţ˽ȴ͵͵ŮιҲ֪⼸ҶٶŮ
ñСˣһ޴ֺ¡
ӰԼҺӳ緹ʱӵĴɤţܲһӰüͷæԼҺԴ¡
ȵܷҵļ£Էĸ۸ͦãǰ췽ĸ˰ᶹš
ӰԼҺȳԷȥơ
Ӱվſڣ֪ǵĻ
Ժӣĸճһ˳æͱʾǸڳ¼ϱԼӵģԼ㣬͵͵˼飬һԼŮˡ
ˣЩ߳ŭⲻ᷽ĸĻ͵Ǯɲ㲹ŮģŮŮ˾Ͳӣ԰׷ģզΪҼҿǿǣ
ĸȵĻǰڣ˽͵Ǯ¶ϱн٣һûգզ۵ǮŮˣ
ĸҲ㿴ϱΪһ·ǿŮ˳۷
ĸЩĺɫķ࣬ؿһҪιȥͷСæẈ̂ӰҲ̫̫ôԣæŽȥ
ӰզҼˣզˣ뿴Ҽ֣ûţҼҲӭ㣬ҹҲûӰⲻƼԷ׵Щϣ˰죬ʼɵơ


153 
Ӱû,߹ȥֱ̧̫̫÷ȥҷŻ
ǶӰֱʼɵĲ,ƾɶӰꡢıãԽԽԽԽƯ
˵Ҫ,,ȥ,Լҵ¹ƨ£ɶ£Ա˳û¸ɣ
ӰʾӲõ,úȥʹ,Ҳ£Լ̱,æܳԺԼС塣
СͻССЩãߡ
ĸӰڸ߼ݵϴ,߻ȵĻ㲻ΪҼҵӣզܲܣ
Ӱһ㲻ʾղźӳԵҵ,̫̫ŮûëǮϵ,ô̱ƽ,̱˭أ
һ仰µɫ͵Ǻ,Ӱꡢ˭̱أ
ߴɩҲѭ,սԺ,ⷬҲ²µɶ¡
ߴɩСҲ²³˼޷Ʋֶֶ̫̫Ůˡ
治˵ϾôԸֶӣѺӵĺúǷëǡ
ȲԸֶֶŮʵҲ
ϣδҲ⡣
һ,һҪӼƽϷģߴɩҲˣ˵̫̫û
ͿʼԺ̫̫ӵӿɲù
ߴɩЩ̫̫ͬӣֻ̫̫˵ʾһڷԣԺӿ϶ᱨǡ
֮ԱǣҪԸԼֶӣԸԸ⣿
ô룬Ȼ˵Ҳߴɩҵɩӣ˹Ҳô㣬ˣԺզ죿Ҳۣ
ߴɩ̾һҵļӰҲðȻ֡
ĸѱһʱȻϱҲ֮࣬ǰҾ˵Ҫǵϴѵۣ˵ľϴϴҲ£ۿǷϴģ㲻ӳ԰׷ҲɣֻҪԺͬÿ¼һ빤ʸңھʹӻϼҲۣ
Щ飬ߴɩӰҲǸ˶ЩԾ
˵ӰǸߴɩҪӲֶֶŮҲ̫û˵㡣
Լ˵ĹʵԸǮ֮ǰֻҪĸʮϼԸ⣬οڷĸʨӴ󿪿ڡҪÿһĹʡ
ܴӦ
Ⱦܾĸɫˣ̫̫Ҳǲģ۽ҾԸǮСңûһӣСǮ̫̫ϣզˣ
ĸߴ߼̫̫ңССզ£ҸÿҲźӣϴ¸ɻ˼ҵūŻпڷԣԼۻԿҪӣϴӻǷզΣ
ĸԭҲϱ˺ʵ̫ĺˡϱڷԸӳԣԺܿ
ȻۻҵҪԸԸǮ̫̫ϣ
㲻ȿʮǸТӣû˵꣬ȻŽԺӡ
ϱ
Լͬϲ˵Ҫһ빤ʸæԼǰ޵ĺòͣ˵Ժզզ
ķһ±ơ
ɰѸߴɩӰĶˣߴɩҲǵһ֪Ƥ治һĺ
ҪѾ֪զ£ΪǷĸΪ
ĸҲʾ⵹һҵɶĻˡ
ҵļ£Ӱ͸ߴɩö֡
Ӱʵڿȵһҵɣ·ĸͷҽܳԿϸ˵˵զ£Ӷ²˼Լ̺ͽԡ
ⲻϱƼҲ绹ӣ˵ĸǮŮӳ԰׷ģѷ˵ʮɫ޵ݣĻ
Ӱꡢ˸״ĺĥˡ
ţТ˳ĸ쾭壬ղŴҲ˵Ҫʵڲӣÿ¸һĹʣ̫̫ӻϼҲǣӰ
ûţҧгݼŴµ
ȻʾĸȻҲǴģƼۣĨ¼Сϱ˵ĶԣӲˣ
΢٣ȷȻڣĸۣյÿ¼ĵĹʣﶼţ޷ӻ˵Ǯȥ˵ǮǮҶŸȢϱ繤ɻҲйʣȢϱҲǿԸ£ҲûɶǮҪȢϱҲԸǮԸСңҪ£̫̫ҲӴֶֶŮǣҰôԵľۡϱҪݲҺӣҽʹӻϼңһ̫̫ʹˣҲӣ壬ֿǷϴҪеԺֻҪÿ¸ϼҼһĹʣӹʮ¸ˣҲͲСǮˣԺҲᱨС壡
ĸⷬ÷ȻΣȻǳϱģ⻰Ǵѣ׶ӣСϼңԺÿ¹ʶһ룬Ӷʮ꣬Ҳ㻹統顣
Ȼͬ⽻ǮּѴܻ͵ʴû˸ߣ˻ҪǮϲģȲιȥò÷ȻǮȻΪղŵ¶ʮֲ޿ֱӸһơ
һưȴˡ
ҴңŻ˾ȻҴı߿ޱָӷȻߴɤȻ壬˵㻰ǰ˵ûúöǮӣھȻҶ֡
ҪҸϲǮ顣
ĸͷȻ䡮ϲĸۣͷСҲӶſˡ
ߴɩȰܣӰȥ档
ŲңŲҰĸҲŴȿ¡
ҪȢϱҲʮ֧֣ɶ̶⼸ദϱԭα¶֪ϱƷԺ󣬷ĸʮֺڵզȢôϱ
Ӱ巽ĸٵҪϱТ˳ۿȥί棬ί쵼϶ҶɩТ˳ȥίˣ쵼˰ҶɩץˣҶɩԭǸˣҲְˡڻأɶʱȥسǸίһȥ
ԭãӰĻŵɫɷףҧгݴӰ֣Ӱ뺦̫ŭǰһڣԸ˹ȥɰѴһ
Ӱ˸̫
ȻֻȰ˱ݣ֮ǰȲûιȻҲĸ˵һ£ĸҲˡ
ҵ־࣬Ӱͬߴɩ뿪Ժӣĸȥˣ᷽ĸмˣǳ¼Сϱˡ
ĸҲǴˣﲻ֪¼Сϱϱ⻰Ϊ̫̫ӡ
ĸۿᣬӰֲš
Ӱǰ㵽ΪֹѵͦТ˳ģõģΪԸҲΪӶ롣
ĸĨúúãúӣлл㣡
ź󣬸ߴɩȵҵۿɲöͣ
ӰȻ˼ҵļҪɫֻӣҲֻ㵽ΪֹһЩղҲƼ˷Ըһ䣬Ҫһ仰˵
ȻТ˳ѱԺһޣǮʵڵģǮԺ󷽸ŲԸˣҲ·
ߴɩͬӰĲ࣬ȰӰԺ̼ȣһ£Ѳ˹ϵ
Ӱ˵Ҳû뵽ôûզҩأԸˡ
ߴɩǱ֪ɶҲеЦҲ֪զ£ϲԣɴδ߶ռɶˡ
ߴɩ̾⸣Ըûˡ
ղ̫̫һ̫̫Ҳ御ҪĺţζЦ
ȾȻ֪㣿̫̫ϲȷʵΡ
˵˼̫̫Ҳû԰׷û̫̫˵̫̫зֶŮϴ¸ɻ̫̫ĻūŸɻһڷԣֶŮӸɻԿզˣ
ȷʵ̫̫ˣ
ߴɩûһͬͺøУÿ̫̫ҪȻôϱԺӿѹ
ڳ¼Ժſڷֵ֮ǰʵӣɩȥίθְˣ
Ӱ


154 
߼,ߴɩ߳緹߸Լ˵Ҹղŵİԣ˵̫̫ҲТ˳,̫񻰡
ߴɩüͷû뵽,Ҫûеϴõ,Ҳ˵,֪զϱģǷ˷ϴһ,⻹Ըһڷԣ̫̫ĺҷҪϷѣ
űǸرТ˳,رƫģҲТ˳,£üëš,̫񻰣ɶ뷨
ÿŻе,Ը⽻һ빤ʸ̫̫ߴɩ˵ҪǸ̫̫,һΪԼ,˵Ǯؼ,ŹԸ⡣
ͷ,߼в˱øߴɩѧȸɵϲ̨,ѧ
ߴɩ˸ۣ˵ӵҲǸ󷽵ĺţ֪ϴļëش¶żĵģëشһٶҪʮ
ߴɩԽѰ˼Խóżͦһġ
ҪŶһãТ˳һ仰˵
ֻ˺ӺãТ˳Ҳû˿
ⲻԼҹզҵ,ߴɩһһ仰˵
ûעߴɩɫ쳣пŲףǰĽȢ˸ƯϱɵĽھжͬ顣
ѵ״̬ɲã¶Ӱһƾܿûզ˯á
ܲԼСˣߴɩܲݣ緹ûҪҪҵĲˡ
ҳܲò
ܲÿţֳ̣Եĺãɫãһ۾ܿҲ˵㡣
ߴɩҲ֪ܲÿţ̣˵ţ̻ͦãһ뵽Ǯߴɩɶţ̡
Ϊҵ£ߴɩٴθпܲ⺢ӿиôõС
ߴɩӵƷ׶Ӷ᲻ţοֶӣҲӶ⺢ӱãҲºӲ֪˵˼䷽ҽæɻСԸˡ
ܲüͷСء
ߴɩʾԺɵúúðСТ˳
Ų˵ɶ
ߴɩҲⲻڽ̺ӣΪ˳ܲ⺢ӿɻ˲˼ﶼã
ⲻҲºӳӲ֪ǣ
ܲС죬˸ߴɩĻ֣صͷһТ˳СԺ׬ǮС
˵ܲһװС˳ģĸߴɩЦ
ߴɩȤǮСˣϱզ죿
ܲüҲŲҪϱϱֲóԣҪǮԺ׬ǮСġҲŲ˻ҪǮҿǿǣ
СͯͯĻĸӹЦ
ŴЦСҪС
СɶóԲ
ź͸ߴɩʱЦĶӶˡ
ͬķ˲׼緹ϱûѣ˿ڷϣĸʷˣ͸һĹʡ
׶ӻģɫѿķĸɫҲһЩϸ룬ûܾ
˵֮ǰĸеɸղϱҵϲԺϱŮã
ĸ潻ʣգӳ㡣
ⱲΨһǷĲ۶ϴ
ϴˣҪϴӶ룬۹ʸߣһ빤Ҳ
¾ôˡ
ӰݳԷܲڣӰ²⺢ӹȥҸ߼ֵˣҲǰ緹
ⲻߴɩſĻӰ԰ܻԼһ
֮ûϹԸϾɩȥίɩȥίȫͬʡ
Ȳ˵ģҪ˵Լ¸ߴɩ׽Ժ󶼵Զ
ͲͬˣϾǳֻɩզТӰֻԼ˵Ǹ
ôңӰһ㲻ġ
һת۵ǰ죬ã˻ûϰ¡
ûпʱûֻѩ֡
˲ڣӰҲõ¶ڣ϶̳Ƕһ
ѩȰͣ޻ǣȳ˿״̬űɡԽݮʡݮر㡣
ȽȣģߦߦƽгС飬̷ۣõѩֵҲÿ
С飬ζʮֲӦúܰԡ
ӲڼңӰõѩôܷã׼ʱŰʱӵ졣
ѩ֣˵Ƭ۽ҲͲˡ
㣬־õȥ¼С̣Һ϶׼ܵȥɽ㡣ǻῴõܵܵģ
٣־ҲƵʳ
Ӱ˸־Ļ۾ҲȤ
֮ǰ˼㶼ˣ̳Ҳж㵫ʣպвٺ˽ӰʱȤʾø־ֵܵһһȥ
־̲ǴܲܵȥһҲҪȥ־Ҳرˣæͷ
·ӰСͰŸ־š
߼ֵܺԼҺѾڸ߼ſڵˣߴɩſڲͬ⣬Լϴ϶ƤȥҲˣͳܲȥɶӳզ졣
ӼҪȥߴɩֻܽ϶úÿųܲԼ
򱻸ߴɩʱ䶣ѾЩͷ֪ˣ
ߴɩն϶Ҳ˸ͰȵӣҲȥ
ţɩӣպҲûɶ£ȥƣһܵӰ
ߴɩҭһ£˵ɽûɶ㣬ǰЩϴ϶ȥҲûƼɶ㣬ߴɩѹԼϴ϶ܵ㡣
´ӣߴɩֻò˵һ˸ţҲĲ١
ȥɽǰӰڷĸͷֵܲףԼҺȥʷҽܸȥ
ڣܵõ㡣
ܲȥɽ˷ˣرСҲҪһȥܲϸˣԲ˷ܵͨ죬ܵķɿ죬һ
ܲȥҽܵʱ򣬸ߴɩָ߶ҵİԣ˵Щզ֣Ƿշʣ潻һĸ̫̫Ҳˣⲻˣسˡ
ߴɩսӰ˵˯þ
²۵˵ͼɶҪ֮ǰúùӣϹڣ̫̫ܰÿСֶŮֶܰﲻæܹĶ͵ʴףϹ˷һĹʡ
ӰסҸڣ⼸켸ڷӳ֣᲻֪ҵ£̫̫˷һĹʣҲ˿ԺĸͷҽܵҲ̫ѹ
ᣬܲСͰ
ڰɻûȥߴɩֱ̾⺢Ӷ²ס
Ӱû˵ɶҲͦ۷⺢춮£ܻˣиǽ̣رǷĸŮҲŮʮкøС
ɩӣ˵ˣˣ
Ӱø־·ɽ
ɽ벻ԶǵʱѾں㡣
ˣţ˭˸ͰС
ţҺסִͦ
ʦ
ܲСԶС
ţͬ£˷ܣţЩˣ˰ûɶ㣬ֻһرСܳԵֻ÷ˡ
ʦûɶ㣡ţӺײ˼


155 
û,ʦӰ΢Цߴ档
ǰһѩһȫɱ棬Ĵããġ
Ӱ߼Ѿ嵽ţ,Ͱ,ûһ,Ҷһʧͬ鿴ˡ
ɰһŵţβ,Ӻײ˼
ͨʱڵ͸˵ǰǰ类,˶̲㡣
֪ɶţ
£֪ôʧ,߳ӰܲСû㣡
ӰЦû,ˣҲ
ܲеͬ,,ղûٸҧ˵˺ܶ,緹û,ر
ܲ׸,ɰжĲ,һʺ濴ëߴ,رů͡
֪׿϶ǳܲСģĽˣզôůܲС
ʱ򣬸ԶСͻȻüҰ˵£ɤϴɺˣҰһ˺ö,رóԣǿ϶ܵ㡣
־Ӱ˸ԶĻЦһȺ˵
ⲻ֪զʼҰƫ־þûˣܸܲܵ˵⣬ɰĲС
ţҲöûԵ⣬ҪǴڻû緹أִ󣬶ֱ£ֲ
պõ׼ͰȥˣţʦܲСĿ㡣
ʦûɶ㣬ǿԱߵ
׼ȥˣٴһһȻǵ㣬Ǿôֻȥϧպôа飬һӰ˵Ҳ˵;ţĶʼ㣬ʹϵͳ齱ġһСʱˡ
־еֵȥԱ߱ˡ
ֵԶСֵܵĵߵ
ܲҲҪͲ࣬ţɴԸͽ
ʱģţ˵֮ǰҲа˵ɽû㣬ǰͱûˡ
ţ˸ҡͷ˵ҪˣӰͻȻͣһĸָָպðƴ㹳ϣûϹţۣӶɳ
Բۣţձֿڣܡȥض۴У˶ʦܲСȻıˡ
Ӱĵһ㣬ţ˷ܣܲˣ߼ֵܺͷСҲʮ˷ܡ
ɶ㣡
ղţڵıеС̫˼£Զֵֻܼӿٶ
Ӱܿ˦ڱϣͰɰѰţһȺĽˣ۾춼ûŲĽ
Ҳ⣬һϡ
ûʮӣӰֵ㣬ţ־ֵܼĿɿڴŻ񣬵һ֪̣ܲСĺ
ӰһĳܲԶСһ㣬ɰֵĹǺһгüЦ˷ܾϲ
ţסˣæҲ㹳ŽˮڱԣţղŰͽܲˡ
ţἱðЩڸղŽˣͣͷʵͲ˼ؼõҲǣӰƼóܲѵͻͰ
ܲʮˬѵͻţɰţжĲУţʾȻҪǵźܶ㣬һ߼æ㹳߷ˮ
ãС϶㣬ǵģܲû¸ɣһԼ㣬Ͱر죬æС˵ģӰߵСһԴ
ۿ̵ô㣬־Ҳæ˸Զڸڵı㣬ĸԶ۴Уֻøܲһæ㡣
ӰֵܣֵܵȻǱߵ϶ἷ
ⲻ־ֵۿԸ߿һ㶼ûţǺţȺһصĴ㣬˵ĶţͶЦˡ
ԶĲУ£磬磬ߵߺö㣡϶
Զ˵ʱӰһֵһֵҴߵ
ֵֻһͣСĲֵʮֺ֮ǰզûǵͣҪܵˡ
Ӱɲֵ֪źø־ߵ㣬Һý־һСʱţһϸԶһ߼ֵܴСͰһ㣬㻹С
ССҲ㣬ͬţһӰ࣬ʮ㣬ɰѸ߼ֵܡţһĽˣ۾ݿӰЦ
һСʱϵͳ˵ʱӰû˸ղŵһûɶ㡣
ˣţһںӸû롣
ֻΪãղϱµ㶼߱꣬Ȼọ̃ʦ/ܲСֲọ̃ʦ/ܲСܼҰ
ﴵ˺üСʱӰЩֲסˣֱѾĵˡ
Ӱǻȥöĸ߼ֵܡСδȥ
ʵ䣬ҲȥˣӲԵͰȥ
ССҲСӰҪﺢͰţͰʦر󣡡
˵ţͲ󣬿ŴţŵģȷʵܸܵģֻͰһ㲻զӰҲͲˣǣԼҺ·
ȥʱ򣬸ԶԼͰĺʮּһüɫ衢ϲɫ
ʱ㣬һ·ûɶˡ
ߴߴ˷ܸ˵Ը˼
ţϻҲ˵ҵȻզ˵
ţС˷ܣȫûиղûʧ
Ҳͣö㣡
߼ֵܿͰļ㣬Ҳ˼ѪһƼǵ㣬Ӷɳ
СԸ󣬿¶ľѾûʧ
ӰߴߴҲȤԼ컹϶ܵ㣬Ǻһ£˵ǵȷʵû˵ȷʵûɶˣ֮ǰ˺þãһҪиָƶš
Ӱˣ̫ˣ˶զɲ㣿ҵ㿴ղ͹ǵûôϢ˵
Щεţסⲻһܶû緹һûţʱЪ˼
ǰ·ڷֵţظղųŵץһܲӰô㣬Ҫ⺢ӵ㣬Ͱȥţֻգ
СͰӰæţǰ·ԶСԸᣬͰûˮСǿᵽܲæӰҲһͰˡ
ȷСȥӰӻԼԺӣ߼ֵ˸߲Ͱȥֵܻȥ̫٣ߴɩݳҪƼͰֵܵ㣬ߴɩʻض͵صɴһϲţɤŶ˰˸ȣ㣿߶ɤֵܺɽģ


156 
Ǻɽģҵϣû뵽ɽﻹô㣡ݷԷ,ߴɩûԼСȥɽ㣬һ5㡣
ô㣬ֵǮϣ
ղҿͰ᲻÷,ζЦСզôɱˡ
Ҳɽ̰һ㡣
һŵ㣬˵Ĳ,˵һ㡣
ߴɩ߶,ŶԼӽȥɽ㣬㣬Ҳʮš
ջȥԺˣƴĴ,ֲ֧Сá
ڼҼҳԵȲ,ɽӣһֱụ̂ǰ̹Σǰż㣬ˣżһ
Сӿʮָϲ,զ㣿
ߴɩҲʵ,ǣզ㣿Ӽҵ˰ɣ
ߴɩûţƽûռ¼ұ,ȥ
ȥҲգ־˵զģһݵ̽ˣʮ㣡
ԶҲ,Զһ̼ҿɶˣŲϡۼҵ㣡
ɶʮ
ɶҵ죬ʮ
ź͸ߴɩһˣߴɩǶģӶţԼСĵ벻ŶС
߼ֵ˵СţҲ˲㣬̵ˡ
ֵ˵ʱĽֳݣ᲻ӣãסӶ㾪ס
һۺɽӻô㣿
ߴɩĶ֪
ֵҪпҲȥɽƣ
־ʱҲǸտʼ͵㣬ҲûˣҲûţãϵɣ㶼ǵıܣ
ֱʾţɲˣ˴ȥ㵽綼ûһ㣬ĲС
ӻǸǲŵġ
Զ߰Ƿͣǣǣ
ã⼸Сӽ治ʱЪȥɽ˼
ߴɩҲô룬Ҳû룬ϾżһζҲɶ̫ŵ£ȫܽܡ
ֻǸߴɩǸп˺ãкñ˺ãⲻҲرá֮ǰǼҰҰã˵ߴɩǸŶ⼸Сǲõ
ߴɩһɫӣ߼ֵܱᡯĿ⿴ĻƤ
ԶԣߴɩҲûͬˣ־ֵ۾æ˵㻰
ɣֵôܣ͸㣡ߴɩҧҧӦ¡
ͬ»ţҡҡҡ
ţңţһؼңţһҶϲˣţɩӣһЩԼұɽġ
Ͼɽʮ缸걻Ҷ̵ľ⣬Լ˼ȥ㣬ûɶ
պԼ߶Լұܵɶ㣬û¸ȥɽɶ⺢ܵ㣬һ
ţɩӾƬ̣æϲͰԸǰһϲԼĿתͰļ㣬߼ʾϾ͸ԡ
ԣţŮҲʮָˣţҲرˡ
զôгϢ
Ƽϲı飬ţʮևNɪҾ˵ܵ㣡̲㣬ҿɵ
Ϣ
ţţ
СҲͰؼңϹ˷ĸԼ˵һڵۡ
ϾڼҼһѵãƽʮ³ԲȶԼҺӻô㣬ɲǰǸֻˡ
ĸźһȺĸ˻ˣǷĸձ껹֡
ӰͰմӻԼԺӣݵƹæӽݣϷ˲һ˸ճ裬һˮͷʪӺԺ
ӰԼ۾գգ۲ȷˣʱһϲ
ɸߴͦΣһ¾ÿرһЩԽ䣬ҲǿĿɨʱϰߴӣľ
ӰϲĿУӲüƽȴ߹ȥ
С壡
ܲûƼʱãС壬Ƿǳģܹȥȡ
һºӣ˷£ߵϱľͰûϱĿһֱϣϰûŲþû˵
զˣʶˣӰ΢Ц˵Ը仯˵ҲҲҪ˵ϲеˣϾֲǱһ
ȴ֪Լ˵ĳϾɫʮҪ˵һٱ;Ưɫ仯Ưȫ쾡չֳֵǡ
˵Ƿ츲صı仯ţҲЩ仯
֪һ۶Լû˵ĳ
ԣ߽󣬳ȷʵе㲻ˣϱ
ɶʱģ
ô㣿ģ
ͬ˸Իػܲ廰£С壬㶼СģǸմӺɽӺö㣬Сˣ
ľͰƳ˵ʮ㣬һ˲ͣӰеС飬¶ЦݣеãֻҵˣٺҲ٣
ܲһСģСߴߴûͣСȲͣ˵˵߼ֵܡţ˼㣬С˼㣬СˣĳƵƵ
ӰӴֻõãã
Ӱû·ȥӼë£ȥ
źӣͬϱ׽Ҳֻܱ־룬ȥӰȥˡ
͵Ĳ˶࣬һᶹĭ㹽⽴ϸģζʮֺá
ᶹĭһ㣬˸ջѵ÷ſֽˣĶ⣬˰ܲǸ˲Ӫ
ܲûôã
һԷӰʾܲԷڳӡ
Ȼȵܲá
⣬ϱصܲŹ壬Ӳü͵һͿĿ⿴ʱ۵Ķ·ˮöûƿߣĿʮȡ
ӰЩ˼ɿһҸɶԷˣ


157 
Ӱǰ㲻,ҪǿϷͣʱ´ôʡôôټ̳,˵ĵԶڶ࣬ܲóԲŹˡ
츳ͻͽ,ȫϸ,ĲóԣһĲ˶ĸζ
óԵܰͷһ㲻ţճᶹĭͺĳܡ
Ӱֳ°ͣ˷ζ,ͼͷǷԲˣвٶȷɿ,鿴ɶɼпٶû
в˳ԷʱûԼϱʱʱһӣȴȫˡСݡܲ
ǰӲºӣϱˮƽ·¶޵ֻǿ˵ϱ,һʱ˳ܲ⺢ӡ
ܲջСر,СֻСвˣȫֶӣܲСЩ⡣
Ӱ˺Ӷ,ż˼һӲˣԸԣøвˣ߸ܲвˡ
ᶹĭе,㲻ܶԣӰ̼ܲ⣬˵ԣС̡
СĵĳܲüЦСˣϲСˡ
һӰͳܲ˻ãķĴ׷
Ӱ˵ȻȲܲζʮܲҲ롣
ӰҲ˵ĺθڡ
ܲζҲʮֺãӰͳܲһһСҲûٺȣҲûٿС
һʼֻܲǣӰۣ˲٣Ҳûٳ⡣
һҳԱ㣬ʮԾʰȥϴ롣
ϴӰɸˡ
ϢһȥϴһֱŸСβͣղƼ⺢ӶСرˣӰΪ˸ջ׼һ뻹
ӰͦģСڳС壿
ܲͷҡͷС
Ӱֵͦģůͬ˸֤⺢ֻףڶǱ˻ס
ʳһᣬӰɴȸϴϴһ룬˽֣ӰɴҲȥϴͷϴˡ
̫䣬ϴͷϴ足쬵ģӰݣֶѾϴ˵
С
ӰӦһæ꣬ڴ߽ͷ
˰ѱȵȺģӰ˵㱻ϣϻ䡣
ǵ˴ӰסӰ̾οһԸͷˮŪʪӣæ˰ѱ
üͷ˱ڻؿڣùëͷʸͷӰ˹ס
Ӱͷǡöϳܲ๾ת涢ƵĴ۾ʱЩȣֵԸͷˮŪʪϣæתͷʾԸͷ
𶯣๣ᳵ·ᡣ
Ӱֻøܲ۵Сۻ࿴˲ͷ
˵ϸ¯Ⱥģؿڣů˲٣᲻뿪
ϲ
䣡
ɣȻ˿ɴ˳ź
⼸˲ڼңۻÿϴ룬źһզ
ôһ룬ӰҲͲ˿ˣߺܲ˯
С㱧ңررůС壡ܲС壬ҪСûһԣܲ棬ʵϽ˯
˵СڳܲﱾʮϣûһǿĵĳֻܲʵһЩ
ӰЦ
СۻûĨܲһתͻȻ
ǵ֮ǰÿСĨСرϲ
ܲգգͿӰӰ¡
̫䣬ѣÿԸͿʱ򶼻Ĩ
Ĩĺ㣬رϲˡ
ӰֻţӣֻȻСĨ˯СҲǵøĨϽ˯
˯رӰɴԼҺûҵҲ֪˶١
ܲ٣Ҳˣɶʱ˯Ҳ֪
˯ţֻʣӣЩӰɴ˵еûģɶզôٻ۲ۡ
ͷӲüҸᣬΪǱܣûʲô˵ϧأۣ
Ӱת˸ϣЩݵգסֻ֣ʵϡ
ӰͷʮһŸɵĲ࣬ź̫ɶʱ˯ͷ֪
´Ҵ£ӰۣŲλø˯ͷˣ
ţ
һͷˣϴ˳ۿֱ֪˸˶õͷզôã
Ӱůģ֣࣬ůůֻ˻ʢ־Ȼȵģʶһԡ¯꣬ؿ˯
ˣ˰ɤɳư
̫˯Ӱеͷ˻ûͷ
µ˽ϱѾ˯ˣԭûˡ
ȻˣҲѹ£סŮۿ·ҪŮУְסԣԵĴ೤ֱ룬׵ʮּ׺ݣӰ׵ĻЩæˡ
˶һ£룿
Ӱߴߵˣе˳£
ûˣʵҲеʾԸЩס
Ц˵ãͷˣ˱ȸղᣬӰֱ۱˲ӻӦ
籩ӿ
ɣԼ᲻ˣ̫ˣ
ϣĸԼſڣƼһ˸ĿСнԺӡ
ԺǰԷòһк
Է࣬ĸֻпôһӣûôôõСӣͷҲ߯ߣ۾Ȼࡣ
ʮֲһ㡣
ĸһ̫̫ͬԷ˵æݸԼ۴Է
Ȼݾ֪˵ǳţȷĸ֪Է쵼ڳ¼Сϱˣĸţզô͵쵼ˣҲ߯ˣ
ⲻĸ¼ӳöһ㿡䡣
ĸڶԳ¼СϱʮкøУ˵֮ǰӵģ˵Ǽ㣬˵û¼Сϱģˡ
ĸֱп쵼۹ãϱȢĿ治
⼸ҲŸ˴ûһ˵¼Сϱģ˵Ķĺûµģѧϱߣڽ̳Уƽʱرƴ󷽣зֶǰ˵׶ۡ
ϱٱ˼Щ£ĸҲڶϱ治ɶϣˡ
ˣϱҴҲãĸȰۿ컹ɶʱڹǰѶϱӻؼҡ
˵ĸĽڳ¼иϱȻĽĽĲС
Ȳ˵ϱǺģ˵ֶӣҲûϱԹɶûһҳųܻŻҡ
Ȼ֪ˣ
Ѱ˼ɶʱҪȡȡ
Ȼ̾˿緹ȳˡ


158 
ߴɩԹ緹ɶʱȥö,Ҹϱ˽ö
ߴɩʱӰ𴲳緹
ſ˵¡
һ,ӰᱳʹȻĸеվס,ҧ¸ߴɩɶ
ߴɩǹ,Ʋɶο绹ƼŻˡ
ⲻߴɩŨüۣһձģ,ֹˣβЩ,һͷŨںڵͷɢڼ磬һŰ׵͸СʵڻۣһŮ˶Щֱۣߴɩֱп̫޸
֪Ƥߴɩûơ
һðĵȥö
ɣ,ʱҹ㣡ߴɩ
ã
ߴɩû,߶˶֪ȥɽ˲£첻ɽȥˣû˵˭˲㡣
Ӱ˵,ýָŵôЩ㣬ȷʵûɶ㣬֮С
Ժȥ㣬żһλ,༸Σ˵㣬ֻţ˻ô
ӣ治Ҫ㣬ҼСӰ㶼ţߴɩԼСӲӺˡ
Ӱ΢Цɩӣô˵˵ҲСԶֵܵأж˭˵壡
֮ǰҰˣ˭ãߴɩ̫ǫ顣
Ӱ
ߴɩûãӰ˿Ժȥݳ緹
緹Ӱû֮ǰ͵ϣҲöˣ䣬ȺĻ
˶ӰҲζĻϡ
ó¹͡
Ϊһֱϣͺ϶׼á
ţͼӴС⡢ˡаͣʮ㡣
ĩҲкãµͳɡ
ϼӵĶ࣬ϵʱּһơ㣬ζ
õʱѾཫĵ㣬гķ飬ôܷһ׼öʱϱ
ϷͺϵϣȭͷһСôֵǮȻϱǮģ͵ϱʾʾ⣬ܲ˼Ұæ
ĵ㣬ߴɩһӲңӰʣɩӣզһӲȥ
ߴɩͣӰ֪ԭߴɩҵġ
ϱ̫ʵڣǮǶƶûզգⲻߴɩⲻȥһӲ˹ȥ
һӲҲ㲻ɶߴɩĶҪҲһϱ
ֵǮҼҿţһ㲻ӿ࣬ӰȻͬ⡣
·ϣߴɩڰɶզôĶ˼硣
Ҳ֪˶
ȻҲʮ㣬㣬˵ʮƮһ㲻ţĲ˶㣬֡ˡ
ӰҲûҴ˵Ը˵ϱ
˼̫ʵڣҲеⲻȥʸߴɩҪҪ㣬Ȼ͵㣿
ֻţû٣࣬һСҳζǹá
ɶţͣߴɩⲻ΢˽զҪѶͣ÷ŲϣߴɩĿɿڴһַ󾪴۵ĲУզҪģ
ϴ͵ǹⶡ㹽⽴һûæ־ܾӣϴɩӼ͵ɶ⽴вɶϻԼԣôҿɳԲ
Ļȷʵû٣ߴɩܾҲͲǿˡ
ʱͰҶõģߴɩ֮ǰʮƶʮ鶹
ɩӣߣϱˣæǽӷֶһʮ飬պʮ顣
ڵĶʮˣӰ͸ߴɩóϱ治ʵڣⲻװһȥ
Ӫҵģο̫鷳ˣߴɩ߰Ըһװ£ӰҲĻϱҵģϲֵɶǮ̲˷һ㶼ҵգ
ϱû뵽ɩôգ
ߴɩһӲ˻˵ǲ֪ϱ˵ɶϴγϱⶡǺ͵㹽⽴Ҳ˵ֵǮǵӴ򿪲ŷǺͣӵڶ֪զл
ʾϴͶţвʣ֪ٽв˲ٽ
ϱ棬ãҲŲ٣Ӱ͸ߴɩϱˡ
˺ȭͷĻϻӲҺӰ͸ߴɩŸһӶȥÿҲֻһ롣
¥죬ɩʮкøУϴǷ㹽⽴飬첻Ӱ͸ߴɩܾĻᣬӹ˶ӣؼҡ
ߺ󣬸ߴɩֱ̾˿ʵڣ
ؼҺ˻ûӵǵؼˣһؼҶԺ濴ɶòóԣ
ӰЦСζ
ԻԵĳܲʮָˣסӰСȣСҪôۼɶˣ
ӰûԵģܲѿڶ˵⡣
ϺóϺóԵͷҪˣܲСɶʱۻȥɽҰô
Сϲ⣬ô
ⲻҸĵķɵ⻹ûԣ׼굱Сһ⡣
ǲǶˣӰӶӣĳܲ֨֨Цӻͨ졣
Ӱæ⺢Ӱһ鶹Ķȵģ˴м˵ζʰ裬ζ
úСʶԡ
ϴˣϳԻ
ѵԼԺӣͼȻſڲͣǻһ󲽹ȥȻסͻȻţܲܽһ˵
ͷԶһЩ˵
ȻЩ˼Ͼ˵ʵ˹ϵ㲻ϺãǰС˼̫࣬ʤ̫ǿͬʱȣһȶʼɹ
ΪԸС˼Ҵĺúõģȴ֪˼Ϳ͸ЩС˼ֻøƽϡ
ȻĨ˰ҧҧʵţܲɩզͬģզͬɩ˵ģ


159 
Ӱ׼͸ֲʱ,˻ûƵƵ⡣
ʱ࣬ɴȷŻ,ûһᣬһһھͿԱ²˱߳ˡ
ʽ̿,û̿,ϸȥʮʹһС»ĲƬжպǰЩҼĵĸɻҲó㹽ľ»ĺòϡ
ܲճСа趹Щδ,ϻζƮǼ⡣
ܲûԹʮֺǰ,ӵɴ۾ϵ͸ֲˡ
ۼҺöˣܲ汦ɶ
ٻǸʱֻϵᣬһپʮַʢġ
ӰСһԴǻۼҽͳԻ
óô
Ȼ֤óԵͷҪˡӰ߻رúȥ濴Сû
ܲæܳȥӰܣӿܵԺ,סˣɶȥ
С,С㣬զô٣ۼҳϳԻܲŻƮζĲС
ߴӽ,ɶлŵƮζҲסæӽݳ
һһСݵʱ,ŨĻѾ๾ððݷˣӰԼ˴ϴ־
ɫʮˣζе壬ʮʳ
ƽղôڸ֮ĳЩסæϴٶȱƽտࡣ
һڳŵĲҲˣӰһһСζ
ûԹĳԷҲΪϡ棬ӰĿ£ȼһƬ
㡢ըմ֭Ƭζۣе㹽ζӰ˲ζ㹽֭ʣζŨ
ӰĻ˺ܶʮֺϳĿζԵϲʮ־ϲ
ζôӰƵƵвθʮֺùʡ
߳ԱæһĴָóԣ΢ֲһ䣺رóԣ
ƽհ˵ĳܲû˵ӰͷƣͼСһͷԣĲͣͷ
̲˵С־û
ӳ̫ãӰ׼һ뿪ˮһ²ٳԡ
СۼһúóԣǺܲ۾ˣˮһ²ųԣʵСۻܲٳԻ
Ҳæ۾Щڴ
ãֶϲ
ԻϻԳθҲãӰһ䡮ٿһһСЩʧ䡣
ӰЦԺпζĻ̫Ļ˻ɣӾԶθãҪ͸ˡ
һٻһڳԵĶʮ㡣
ϴϴ˯֮ǰӰԼĨϸĨ
ܲӰСһܸСĨĨ꣬ܲСӰգС㲻
ƤֻŸӰʮأ̫ˣզô㣿
Ҳ㣬ܲأСҪҪ˯ҿůˣ
ӰûüأϴݵĳޱԸ˯
ˣȻСϱ
Сš첲ĳֻܲ߼Ĳ
һϴ˯ܲҪӰӰֻ˯м䣬߸˵˹˴Ҫϴʱֻᱳʹ
Ψһ뷨ǱõʵЩ̫ܲˡ
һϴӰ˯
Ⱥ˯ţ̽ĿȿˣӰɽ󣬼æۣ
˱ϣϣĸ
ƿʮײǹ߻ӰԸ˯סϸ𶯣
̫һ㲻еʹӰһᣬ
˻һеܾæĸ࣬ʣۣ
ǲۣеٷ飬æٶʵʵ˸
ʵۣȵڻҲۡ
ºݾɲˡ
ӰⱧԹ˼䣬ϱʮ⡣
Ψһе㲻ľϱ̫ϸ̫ױ۶ϡ
ϱԵ٣ԺԵ㷹ֵ㣬ñ
Ӱеզˣݣ
··󣬸ĵط⣬ƵϷûڼҵʱûݣ
Ӱ߷ַԷַȴһ㲻ĿһֱȷôƲ
ӰĻЪ˵㣬զˣ
һϲɫʮȻ˵ΪŵԵʡ
Ժ֮ǰ֪ҷԼΪֶֶŮһֱͬ飬ϱϵҲá
ԱȷţԼȷʵˣⱲԵ¾ΪǿϱȢ֡
ڻԶԤĻҪã
תۺܿ쵽Ϧ죬죬ӰԸоζ񲻾ڶ
緹Ӱʼ׼ϵҹ˽Ҳż٣ɱϴˡ
Ķ࣬Ӱ׼ը㶹ݻ׼ըӡ
һʮֺóԣܲûȥ棬Ӱƨɺ
Ӱըӣܲ˿ܲ˿˿ˮ֣õӴĩۡΡϻ۴һһϸСӡ
ȣӰӣûըɽɫ棬ըӵζʱƮ
ûãһըú̳
һըӸ̳ܲȫըӵζסС強Ӱߣºӽͣը˵㣬һζ档
ӰҲһζͦóԵġ
һγըĳܲճһֱΪˣ۾ԲŻôóԵĶ
һըһڳ꣬ܲͰͶСըӣֱˮСۼըӺúóԣһԣ
ӰըһСӣһС룬ָһӣúӶȥڸ߼ҡ
СըûٸҲ߸˼˼ø߼ֵܳζ
߼ֵƽտûٴҺ棬Ը߼ֵܣӰʮϲġ
ֻըһС裬ܲССЩᣬԼը費ԡ
ӰһͷԼҺӻһۿ裬ӰеЦϽȥ蹻Եġ
ȺӶܳȥӰСһȥԺ
ը㣬ճ¯ըóԣըĴָóԣ
ϲԻը裿
ԥѡըȻóԣ壬Ļ䰮ԡ
οϱӰﲻ֪ԻӰЦ۹˵ȥæ
ﺢʱڣҲϱ־룬һ㲻ζ§°͵ͷףֱ⴫ŷſˣӰæȥš
Ȼĸʮͣͦõģͦᡣ
ԷʮȻʵ¼ϱɶզô㣿Ҹ˸һ룬ŮҸҲ⣬ҪҲҼһ룿
Ӱ


160 
ըǲ͸ȳԵ,߰ԩͷĸӰæȥըݡ
ĸûռˣֻطҡ
ڷĸͷȻǰ,ĸһЦƽģתͷŮڷ
ĸֿʼ֣ڼϱ̫Сƽ,ŮԷ,˵ȷŸڳ¼ϱʵǸڼϱģþ͸꾫һ˭֪᲻Ṵˣ
ӰŮ˹Сƽ,ȥҸɶҸϵֲãܸۼͳԵģϴμӰ,ʮֶʼӰĺòƾʲôӰûԽԽƯԽԽס
ò˽͵ʹߴɩӰզ׵ģϧߴɩ˵ӰŴɶѵİƤɰĽʼɻˡ
ֻӰԺ޺ԽԽ
ĸ˵ⲻǸζ̫㣬ջƼǼ˺ڶһը,ըը,úܡ
ҵʵ˼һ굽ͷҲ᲻ըɶӣСϱַĺܡ
ĸŮڼң֪зαŮһ,ҲŮͱŮСһ㣬˵γɶˣǰ;
Ҫڼϱզַô
ĸЩԹôõĶզܸСã
ȴСļСùϵһ㣬ܸɶ
ļСҲ֤,ĸҲͲ˵ɶˣֻ̾Ѿͷûиб£Ҹʸߵˡ
ĸ⵱ŮͦϡŮòָߣûŮ˵ëɱСŮ˺̫ˣȻʮֲ
ĸɿʮףҪ飬ŮҸõĶ򵥣Ůɾˡ
ĸֿŮǧŮ֣ϸĸúôҪĸַˣզ죿
ĸûӡ
ЩȻļû˵ӰĻĸƽԽԽøղŸڳ¼ϱ˼ġ
ҪզŮúõȫûˣͬŮϵҲԽԽã
ĸŮǮ̫ţ͸üĵ㣬̫ҲܴǼңһǮģɶûˣŮզ㣿ڿɺˣԺŮÿ¶ҪһĹʸ̫ţ㻹Ҫ԰׷ģ˵⺢ӣզô
ҲЩڣǰ˻ȥҽŲĸʣǰ˶ûȥ컹˵ɶҪȥ꣬
м԰׷ģﲻˬĸһתͻȻʣŮզµĲ
ǹúµģ
û⳥
ɶ˼
ĸʾ¹һ㶼⳥Ǯ٣԰׷˵
˵ŮǷݹǮĸŮ϶ŲǮǧ
ĸһ䣬۾һʮּ˵ģǧǮ
˵ɤˣǧ飬öǮ
ǻм٣ĸŮ󲮼Ͷ̫СĻܰ£Ӳ£Ժ˵вգŮֶӣѾԵֲϱŮҲ˵ɶ̫ţӺãŲȥˣܲЩ˽Ǯͳ㣿
ĸԽ˵ԽŮûɶԴøϱ˵˼Ҷˡ
ĸȻŸڼСϱԸƽ޹԰׷ģͼͼ
ԽԽ˵ĿԣӿڷǧǮֵ߯ˣźզû뵽
ⲻӰ˸ֶӣҲ֪ǺûǼٺãҾͰһ仨Ҫ治ӣָ˵ﲻӰǺꡢ
զ죿˽ʵզ죿
ĸȸĸùϵ÷ĸŮúӺãŮ̫֪ӣԺӲ̫Ż˼ŮǮ
ԺӲõǮ׬᲻ͬ⣿
ļĸŮӰɲһǰҹ
ҹӰʢһҹ˾ʮֲˡ
٣ˣըӣƶ㡢⡢ˮ󶹸Լˡ
ôĺò˿ĳܲۻңըˣըӰǰ
ܲԵĹģҲûٳԣߺǼûզԣ
ӰܲѼĸ۳Եġ
֪£úԺҪТ˳ѣܲأҿ϶Т˳ѣԺ׬ǮС
ͯ޼ɵĻӰЦָжһһСʢһС㣬ǳζῴϱԸ׬ǮϱͳɣϱԸ
ϱǮҲŲҪҰȢҺ軨϶Ǯˣܲһ
ӰǺסûɶ飬Ҳʢƶ㣬᲻㣬ˣеļȫˣԵ㡣
Ӱ
ƶһͺӶԵ㣬Qûһëζֶһ֪Ҳôóԡ
һòӰ̫࣬Բ꣬˸⣬˷󣬰βȫɨɾһ㲻˷ѡ
ϴ룬һˣҹͦ磬ܲȥҸ߼ֵ棬ӰҲͬ⣬˸СĵȻԸҪ
յĳܲˣС˷ܵĺ˵ģرСԸôǮɣܲ˷ܡ
ܲյڸ߼ֵҹҲյź͸ߴɩÿ˸һߴɩ٣ÿӰһǮŽһЩÿӰǮɰѸ߼ֵܼ˵ĹǺ
ĸ־ζ˵ĲУϾֻһǮȻֵÿ˰Ǯ
ⲻܲȥ߼ʱԶܲҫûк˶Ǯ־ϾҲǺӣҲʮֺ̺ͳܲܵܰ˶Ǯ
ܲСҺˣСûУ
־ԶֵܻΪֻܲһֵܷ׷һͬ鿴
ȳܲ˺߼ֵܼ̾Ȼܲܵܣϴ󣩰һǮɰֵܳ׾Ŀɿڴ۾Բ
ֵ۴Уݻڳҹĸߴɩ͸ŻΪɶˣ
զˣզˣߴɩ£
϶ܽݳź͸ߴɩµ̾ȻܲܵܰһǮ


161 
һǮ˵߼ֵĿɿڴ,Ǹź͸ߴɩЩ
ŸߴɩӻţܲȥȷӣãһӰһǮ,Ӷɵˡ
üһ
ӣãզôֱʣ֪
żһӲ˽
ⲻղųܲը裬ղϱ˸,ʵʵӻը,һ˼᲻Ҳôԣ
ըζ㣬óԵӺͼӵͷҪˡ
ãǲ֪ѹ󲻣
ߴɩղǮĶ࣬οһǮ
û˵ɶ,߼ֵĽķˣܲߴߴҧ,ǮԸϽ
ܲЦݵػС˵Ըզ
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ϾֵÿĺǸߴɩڶţֵʮֲ
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Ŵ󷽣ߴɩ۵Ĳ,СӻɶǮ
һǮˣҪǻҪСӵĺԼСҪƤŸӵˣûˡ
ߴɩɴв˳,˵ɶˣҲĬͬ⡣
ߴɩ̬ȣø߼ֵܸˣֵҪܲ棬ź͸ߴɩóܲǼˡ
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ܲȥʱ򣬳ܲС׫׫ĽģʱʱҪԼĺµˣϲ̸СҫСһǮʾĺ࣬߼ֵֻмǮʺ
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С岻ϸܲЩ٣һ㲻ЦСҪģС壬ҪҺҾ͸С˵С֪رر١

ͬһëǮһǮţԸȢϱı
һëǮĳܲЩɵۣСı˵һëǮģСӻһëǮûУ
ܲ
ϸ߼˯֮ǰŸߴɩ˵£˵ܲ⺢ӹ֮ǰɶ࣬ⲻϧ㡣
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ߴɩһۻ˳ܲôϧ⺢ӣ
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һŶֱʾγвǮأٻỨǮſ϶
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Ⱥ˯󣬳ϱզӰôǮ
Ⱥ߻и¯˱̫ȣһ㲻˯˻
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ӰĵһǸ˹꣬治֪߰Ǯ飬Ǹʱ԰ΪλĺԸһǮá
ֻǵ˵ڸź͸ߴɩ߼ֵһǮǮĺЩɵˣɴۿˡ
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ϾӶϲʱȣҪԼҺӰһǮ߼ֵҲҪߴɩһǮ߼ֵһһɲҪ˸ߴɩ
иҵ飬һ˼ҿһһǮ
ҪǸ߼ֵֵߴɩѣ
ӰЩշЩԼûȫ
ϱûڸܲһǮǺûЩΡ
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162 
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ԼҺһëǮ˶ǲ̫ƫˣ
ӰɿԼ,СʣҰô
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Ȼ
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163 
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ϱǲ,ϱҲ֮ǰᣬⲻǵԺѹ̫ˣͨ,˵ҪúðҶԵҸ磡
˵һж,˵һëǮһǮеģҲû˵ɶҪĻⲻǮ⣬˭÷Ϲ԰ڣȥǰҫˣ
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ǰ㣬˺ͱӶѳȣţɩⲻ뵽ʦɶϣ˵ɶԡ
ţɩӸɴһЩ
ûɺɫζզԽԽš
ţɩӸ볢һӣţŴɤŴۼɶô㣿ϱɶ
ţɩһ㣬ղţͲ¥Ϊ˭ô㣬Ľ뵽Լҡ
ţʮ־ϲæϱɶƼ㻹еСʧϱ֮ǰĻ治һզԽԽ㣿һӳζ
˻ţŸ⾪ϲûһζؿζζֱҪ̫ζ
ûһζζţųԵͣ¿ӣðڳԡ
ģţɩӻǵһμ⾪ϲզζɲ
ϱɶζզôóԣţʡ
ôóԣţɩһ˫ӣȳζɴۣϣҵ죬ζرó㣬ʦǸɶϣզζôãҾ˵ʦرԣʦպã
ţɩӸջûզʦĻϣæһ
ţһԲˣţŸⰮε㣬ţţţܵһγԻҲʮ־ޡ
ţŽģȴ֪ʦĵϲôóԣţæʾ´ôʦĵԡ
ţźţŮҲͬ
ţţһԵͣ¿ӣٶر죬ûզţٶ㣬˶ýеûٳԣţɩӶûУһӳԵ֭ûʢȫ跹ˡ
ţҳ˶ٻ㣬ϱҲϱĻϣ˳ԣû뵽㹽⽴˳Զ㶼óԣرζ
˸Ⱞԣ˼뷹


165 
,ӰյţɩӼһˣͲţɩӴŮţС黨,ţɩмСʮɬ˵͵ĻϷ,ⲻⲻȥ,һӲˣա
Ӱֱпʱ派ӣȻϷͣţɩӼû,ţɩӸ˲٣ǵȵţɩ⼸ˡ
ۿţСӵĲ˷¾Ҫ,æסˡ
СɫãЩףӰӳһȥ
һʽȱϡȥһࡣ
ţһʼӣӰǲǾʹСﾽͨͷ˼˵
ӰҲ˵,ֻˮ,ƽնݵˮȣŮͬ־ãֱʾ,ҲһӲˡ
ţСˣӰŰӲ¡
ԪʮԪڡ
Ӱ˺֥Բһϳԡ
Բ̫壬˷һ,ܲһ룬ղڸߴɩҳһԲӰҲʢһԼԲ׼ȥ߼ңӹȥڸ߼ҡ
ϣܲһɫԲҧƤ
ԲӰصصڣǺ֥ǵɷۣͽԲȻմŴ׷ۡ
ԲƤڶ࣬Ũĺ֥ζ֥𣬵ֲĹ壬óԡ
ⲻԼԲĳܲ͵صɴۣͷ˺ü̧ͷСۼҵԲúóԣööڣ
ղҲСԶҵԲСԶҵԲǰɫģҲر٣զûҵĺóԡ
ܲС
Ӱ˵ҲǸϡֹƽռйͣŸһˮߴɩøԲѾˡ
̳ǣϣ⺢ӾԲóҲ
ϲԣԵ㣡ӰЦ˻һԲ
˻ӰŸһԲ
ƤڶֲԲҲϲԣûٳԡ
ڸߴɩһһûڳӰԲ
ⲻȸߴɩͳӳ˸ӰƤڶֲζĺ֥Բ۾𣺡ԲóԣզôóԣզǺڵģɶ
ߴɩ֥ζҲûٷţô㣬ߴɩпʵɻóԵ־ûٷţ۵Ļš
ԭ󰮳Բ¼Բûٳԡ
Ŷôϲԣ߼ֵܾ͸ˣԲƤڶ࣬һҧȥֵܳԵ㡣
ڸ־ֵܳԲļǾûԹôóôԲ
ղֵܻԼԲζɳ̼ҵԲ֪ɶĺóԣӼųԲӶˡ
ԲʮԪȥת۵˿£ҲʼůһЩ
ѧУҲ翪ѧˣӰȥһָѧУĽѧÿѧУһߣҲָÿѵ
ԴÿѵٰѾϣѼʳһ
ǰһһ˼ˣ˼һˣ˶ಹ˳ӡ
˵˾ڼңҲֻóڼҸಹóԵģ
ѧӰǣԼҺӻؼңúȥ棬
˳ڼ䣬ӰѾѧɱ㣬ҲͲ鷳ˡ
һ˿һŹǡ
ȥʸġ
˿Źǣʱ㷭棬ĽټӶ̰֭㡣
Ӱͻͽȫȫ˵ʱ򣬲ζƮңɰ˵ĸߴɩͷĸĲС
ĸھˣҲ֪ڳ¼ϱַҲ㣬һ¼òˣʱܲˣ¼Сϱ˺ͺá
żòˣߴɩһܵס˳¼ҽһ²ζĸߴɩⲻЩܲס
ԴӼҵĲζƮÿҳ緹˺ͼСӰ̾ûθڡ
ҪΣȥӼҲ䷹
ߴɩӳȺܲɶòˣզô㣿Ҷܲסˡ
ȳָܲ˵ÿɶòˣ˵ٶˣһĲˣֳɶˣĸߴɩˡ
ַ֪󣬿ɲַ֪ôΪַҲǸ⣬ߴɩզôԣ
Ժֵĸ߼ֵܸĽܲСԻԶϴ˵ɶˣˮˡ
ʮ²ǳζ
ܲСǲɶ£զˣǮߴɩʵ֮ǰַҲпƣզˣ
ܲأҲ֪Ҳûɶ£С˵СǰһЩҪಹ˵Сÿѵرۣ
ߴɩóɫǳã
ܲеСգ̾ССһãС㣬ǰСˣֻҼвˣСУ
ߴɩ
ϴܲȥҳԷԶͰͿܲ
ܲԥͬ⣬Ǳߴɩס
ӰãһһСҲʱǰŻ
ܲȥϴ֡
һԷ
ȺȵٳԷӰȸ˺ͺʢһ̰֭ر𲹡
ܲͶˣԼϵĲֱʿˮͷ⣬֭ر㣬óԣܲԵ㣡
죬ϱʢɶͳɶӰҲԸʢȺر
ϱͳܲʢ÷Ӱ̫ϸԼ˺ͺӶԡ
˼Źǲ̵̣ܲ
ллСܲԲСЦݣǳԸУϱ˲ŹǺ⣬ⶼô̵ġ
ӰûüԷ˶ѳСɽѣܲҲڸСб߰ǷŹǣӰЦֶԸԣù߼Ĳ˳ԡ
ȺӳԱˣӰԼҺӹĹĵĶӣ֪ӳԲ£˰ŹǺȫˣر𲹶á
ܲССĻеСԴףȴʮϱĹġ
˰ŹǶˣӰһˡ
ֵû֣Ϻʵûٱ仯ϸƻǳ˵⣬ɫãӰе⡣
ɶˣҸӰ
ͣĿ翴ʾɶ˶ԣ
߯ϲ
СһŹǣʱ򣬱һֱӵĳܲʵ̲ס˲廰
Ӱͬ⣬ܲܿЦССԶղۼɶ²զòˣСԶһÿۼҵķĶԲ·ˣ
ղŻʱ򣬿ɿСԶܲײûˡ
ܲС־硢С硢СԶ̫ˡ

Ӱ


166 
,ź͸߼ֵŸڳ¼Ҳζ̾ǸߴɩЩԲԼ嵭ܲ˺ͷ
զԽԽ
ߴɩ߼һӲ˵ӿˡ
˸Ų,ߴɩ̫ţÿ÷ѶǮϣ
Ҫ᲻ã
˸ģҲ,ɶ
ǰڰ̾ܲ˵ĸĽĲС
ִԼϴ֪üҽɶ,ŹǣĸֱʿˮԳŵĺĽ۾ˣ
ôˣû뵽,ֱпǵˡ
ɫ棬ɫ,ҲãԴȢϱǰĮģˡ
ҪϱеһãˣʵϱҲǶã̫̫ʡ̫Ữ㣡
Ҫϱ΢ַôһͺˣ
ż̾
,⣡Զ
Ҳԣµ
־϶᲻á
ûõĸߴɩǲûǮ,ߴɩɶԣǼСӳ˶⻹
ߴɩûֵܵļ㣬ǼҲûʡſȫ˳ˣСӻ
ԼСӵ,ϱ꣬߼ֵߴߴǸ־ʾԸԺҪһϱ⡣
СĵЦ,ֿɲңײ˴˲Ȣôֱ־ϱ
ȻҲڳ¼ҲζĲУĸҲЩûٴų˶ŵͣĸҲ˵㣬ζ
ᵹǺջɣܱʳôĴ˺óԡ
һ£źȸͻͽǰãÿзĸźӶͦġ
ڿ죬ĸв˽ǮҲǿ˳ۡ
ÿŸڳ¼ҲζӰǺꡢıûʼɵðֱĻš
ûֳȴӰϽܹŵĹʣŲ飬ϽУӺԽԽ󣬾Щǰòɩĸ꺢ӺΣƤҲԽԽƣ
Ӱɲȵ˼
ʳϴҷʡһӰ߸ĨԼҺߴɩ˵ɶ
û˵ɶֻ˵ۼɶòˣҪС岹ӣܲһתѧŸߴɩӰզô£Ǵ˵ģ˵ģ˵̫˼в˳ԣ
һܲд˽
Ӱ
ϴݵĳ
ӰԼҺӻûԼˮǺסƳſڵĸߴˣӰһΣСһ۵С⺢˵ߵҸСвûвˣ
ܲתͷЦæϽǰҵԽȵߣָСҵ
ƿϴҲ˯뿿ڴһ߲ͷ߿һһСóرã
һᣬϱͷ
Ӱһʼûᣬະ˼ΣʾԼۣӰΪѵ֣߶Ӽҵæȥ
߸ֻ֣Ҳ⺢˯û˯һ̽ϣͷס
˵ӱûȣƽһʮ侲ǣûںѵʱܡ
Ӱɴ۾һ£Դæ˵ˣ˵զˣ
˸ȻĴɽզƶƲ
˴ѹԺ󣬵ͷ˹շתǿְԵ׵ĸ⼤ҡ
Ӱһſǰתͷӷ
ûƼӣռʮѹףߵۣ
Ӱܱۣû˵ƫƫ׵Ļʹһľºӿ
ӰĲɱǣֱһ죺С
Ӱæóԡ̵ľƿˣǰٴæ˻ѹ̧ͷѹɤЦЦͳԸи
ЦӰ־
СզܲתͷͼСûɶСϣɴһ档
ҲûſˣͷῴһۻˣһͿתͷޱܲСԴתȥԹԼҵ
ܲ
̫Դ˼˲עæ´ӵԼָҵ
˯ǰӰúӺţ̣ˢ󣬲ϴ˯
Ⱥϴȥϴ衣
ϴΪһһС˯ˣصϴ£һֻٴΰ̽ȵĻӰһ£զû˯
ϱûϴ˯ţ˱ΪӰп˲ϴûţ˾Ȼ䣬ԷͻȻֵܲղŵĻˣ
ӰǾ䡮զôˣвˡ΢Σװ޹˵ɶզ֪Ͻ˯
˯ƫƫ˯ⷢһֱȸղŻȡ
ڣӰҲ֪զܿ۾ġ
һʼǿԽԽȣϵ߾ûŲӰûɴתƻ˵Լһǵ͵㣬ˡ
˵ԼòӰ쵽ߴɩһҳԲ÷Ӱ鱧ǸͷۣͷԸ̫㣬ͷԼһɶˣζʮƮҡ
ԼҪÿܲƮζֱ̫˺ޣ˭ܲˣ
Ӱղŷʡһ쿪ʼǵ͵㣬һ˽ʵӲļ⣬̫ãﻹҪ
˺úһ¡
ţ˱˵ʵޱȵĸӰһ£æջ֣ߴ˸Ƿأǳɣ
תͷĿתƣʣ㻹˵ɶ
û˵رϲģЩϱرãһֱò˸壬ر㣬ÿѵԼԺӶڴ
һû˵жչʾĻȺͶĸ顣
һ˸˼ѪҪĴΣδζ⼤־á
ƽЩܲס˵ο˳ȫʱ
󴲻εң
ӰɤӶֻԸҪڴϡ
һ˲еڸ˲̫
ϣ²˴ϥرۣ类ȥѧУϴ˵緹ѧУϡ
ǰ˾ӣ۾촽Ҳ죬һ۸ģǰʮǰϵ칫ҡ
칫﷽ϼʦûûֻᡣ
ʦӰк¡
ٲˬ϶˼һῴӰְƯֵܼҷ£һ²
ǹһᣬ۾ף˵Ȥʦզ۾զ׵ĸ޹һǲǸìˣ
˵˵Լ˶զզã˹ŮҲûر𱦱һ᲻ܿ࣡
Ӱ


167 
,Ӫѵȥͼϱӳ˲ܺãˮӪϴ˰,ʣզˣզôˣ
᲻˵ֻӰȴһͬ˵ڰ칫Ҽϱ۾׸տ޹ģһͬųϱɫҲ,ƹĲզ˳ĲզãզóӸ鲻ã
Ӫѵ,Ļţпղı˵ĸ飬æϱԷ
ϱһֱӸ飬ӪŲǺ,֪˽¡
ﶼ˵Ӹ鲻Ӫһ,һţ׽ӰզóӸͦһģϴȥܼңҲûЦԳϱͷģӹˣ
˵һֱӰһǿܲǹӲϳš
ҪȻû,ɺôǴӾ,ӰֻǸ椣ɳŻȢʮ֮**ֻҸķܲǹӣ
ԽԽǣҪǳԺ,ҵܰһýܸţ˳ĺãرӣ
ڵĲ²˴Ӱ֪Ϲ˶ĸ飬˽ˡ
Լҳˣȵڻ,Ҫһ칫ң˺ܾãû
ǰ͵˲˲ˣʱһˡ
ϾнָûҪţְҵ⣬ʮҪҲǲӪʱȱӪԺٶǮ
ò˵ʱڽݵĴţˣɢŲզζŴš
һˬʱ·߼ԺӣźסˣԺţûɶòˣզһֱûŵҲζ
֮ǰĲζ治һ㡣
Ľ򴽱ʾԸջ
ţɶŹˣĽʵ
ţϱң
ţ
Ѿ㣬ûĶãſŽԺӣǱֱҪ̫Ľ
һֱ߼һϱ˵ղԼſڳĻ˵˽˵űĸܣһп˵ǼӺõģûôõģ
ߴɩҲóŸӸ治һá
߼˹룬¼ҲζҲûզƮֵûų⣬ŸߴɩӶʱ˿
в˳ʱߴɩҲͦƽզûŵӼҲζ
ٶһ˭Ե˵￪ʼߴɩǳ˿
ڷҽҲûŵ¼ķ㣬ĸҲ˿˵ȡ
ֻΪӰǺꡢѳŵĹʶܹˣɶòˣⰵˬһ롣
߼ҡڳ¼һҲ
һƼһҲȣĿ΢٣ֱǻع⡢һһźŹ
Ŀ鲻Խ̲סϱۣ۵ȫЦ⡣
ӰЦɫȻЩΣϾǰĵҪٸ˲ˣⲻԸԸô
˵Ҫְҵ⾭ȥΣյ񣬳ºݾڵľһ㲻̲
ⲻºһϣ²˴Ӱ־
ӰûǰҲûһƣصذڳܲǰָʢһźŹ
ûԵĺŹǣٶٶζźŹζҲ̲
˳ܲһ
ûĳܲȻҪԵĺŹǣ׵ԡ
ۻĵóԣܲԵ㣬ּСֻʢвˣܲ⿴˼С塣
ɰһֱϱӵĳȲѣСզôǷᣡ
ڸϱʢźŹŹҲźһ㣬ԸʢŹźһЩ
ӰǰʢõŹɫŻһЩͷ˼̧ͷˣ⣬ɿһҸɶֲܳԱ
æʶ˸ղŽʱŵĵ˵ζ
ߴɩңź͸ߴɩи˵ɶ
ѾݴŶڽˣҪǻӰ쵽ߴɩңԺ治öˡ
Ӱæˣȴ֪զͻȻ뵽ڸ߼ſڱһĽĸźסʽզûŵϱζЦ
ϱ֪¼˵һ飬߱ʾղŽԺҲûŵɶζǵ˽ݣﷹζǺ㡣
Ӱ˿ֵͷԼҺԺҪ˭ۼҳɶ˵ԵĶˣ

ܲﺬŷһ׵ºŴ۾ʣСԶҲô˵ôС
˭ʶô˵ӰͷҪԺ˵ۼҳԵĶˣСҲˣۼҲ
ܲСڱӰθˣϲˣŵæҡͷʾԺȥҫԼҳɶòˡ
Ӱ⡣
꺢ӣӰ̧ͷȵ⣬΢ֳһһСԺۼҴһÿ˸ĳһһˣ緹һˣһˡСһﲻӰøڸߴɩҶٶٳܲ˼ӷ߼ֵҲûܲɶ
ѹûɶϱġ
Ⱥ˯˯ǰӶ˸ŷӰΪɶȴŷ⣬һŴвƱ֤вƱƱƱƱ
Ӱ۴вǮȣǣ
Ӽĵѣء
죿
ⲻ׸磿׵
Ӱе£˵׸ΪԭһʱŸӣⲻˡ
Ӱû׸磬˶׸Ĳ⻰֪׸粻һ㲻ףôò뵽ӡ
ӰûɶüƽϵģϾб£ԼҺӶ³úã֮ǰ׵ȻûǮû
ȻӵǮˣҲˣ溢Ӵ
Ӱ˵˼ӲüҸ˱ףӰ˾̫æʾԸۻۡ
㣬࣡


168 
ʱķɿ,ûת۵ũ³塣
³ǶڣҼһӵĽա
ߴɩҲӣǰ,ȥ¼Ӵɶӡ
ҪɣϴԲӶ˵֥ر,˺ͺӿɰˡ
ڳ¼Ժſ,ӰأɩӣҴ̵գ
ߴɩһɶӴùģǵ˵˺춹ӣǶԺ춹ӸȤ,զ
Ӱʾӵʱŵ춹ͳɣʮּ򵥡
ߴɩһϲɫȥ
춹ӺɶŵһЩ,úȸӼֻ춹ӣֵܰӳԡ
ɶŵӣֵܹȻϲԺ춹գմǶԵ㡣
緹ŻҲ˲ٺ춹ӣñǰɶŵӺóԵĶࡣ
ȰӰһ˸߼̵ֻ,Ÿߴɩϳһ,ϴ϶ϳһСһ
Ŵҧȥ̵ɳɳĿζζ,㹽ζó㣬ź͸ߴɩԵĶѹͣ죬⾪,ˡ
ۣ̼̫óˣ־̲ס¡
磬ܲóô̼ҵ̫̫óˣ϶Ҳ͡
ֵ̻ʿϳԵĵգһһտУûֵ꣬Ľۺˡ
ҪǸߴɩڣֵܶ
ԶԵĸ̵ģرͶһˮԶԣͶ磬ĸ־봸Ĺͷ
Ÿߴɩӳһ̵նʮδҲޣü̫óˣǰҲԹգһûüҺóģֱпպá
ߴɩ˵ܲóԣɶ̵ƺ㹽ӿ̫̫ˣζզô
ߴɩҸӰ˼ֻգţҡܼĸҲֻӡ
ܼҰգţҰգҵɶûţӰҲһһԼҼ̵ֻա
ܼҡţҡҲ˳Ӱ̵ա
˵̵ڿû˰գҲ򵥣ԶûӰӣµĵζ϶ࡣ
˵ӵǰһ˲Ҷ˽ǵһζɳɳ̵ƿζ㹽ζ
ⲻҳӰҵ̵ո㣬ųԡ
ţҲ߼һţźţɩӷһŮһţһӣⲻһһѹͣ죬һֻóż͵ζʵںãţɩӺţóջֵ㣬ţźţӳԵǽһֱ̻ۣյٶȲȸź͸߼ֵ
ңȲŲԸӰɶ̵գǱ˷źӣźͷԼСζ󣬺óԵͷҪˣĸҲ˵㣬¼ζȷʵĺãһնó̫࣡
ĽŵĿڸϱզô
ܼҺͳ¼ĶգʦԶԼղզԣԴӳ˰ϱϱĵպ۾һһٳԼգԼζ̫һ㡣
һʼøŮ̫ţ波˰ϱ̵պ󣬶Ըտûϱ㣬զô㣿
ҶԵҲ㡣
ֳӣ¼ݷҲʮ֡
̵պóԣŴױҭˣϸʿУͲ౥ˡ
ͳֶܲȴûٳԣԵĽζ
θھͽһ̵ա
һ侲ǵ˳̵նûܲСӳվȻԵıࡣ
ӰСһ΢ĵĶʱСӻצգӰסצӡ
쵽㣬ӰֶӳҪȻֶܶԼա
ӰһջһĲˡ
ȥļиտģ˰̲ӰһͰںԺľԣ˸Ƽ۾ǽһ
˿ζʸ۵ĻòԼʵпڸָ֮ǰôĽ
кջòˣ׷ӰĿɿڴ˵˸ղſûգܳô׷
ǳܲΪǰ˲գֻһС׷ͱˡ
µˣ
Ӱգֻ˰׷Ե̫٣üͷ΢Ҫʢ׷Ӱܾ
˵˳ʱͦˣӰһ㲻»ˡ
ϱ˵ֻá
Ӱ˼еջһز׼ȥҺżҡ
ȣռļ˻ǿԵġ
ż϶᲻ðգһոͼɩֶֶŮζ
ֱһţе˺ͺӶд
ֱȥҼġ
˾ͳĸյš
ȿţԼҶдŷû䣬ʮԼ࣬ϻ࣬ĳԼҶӶڵʮ⣬ϱϴ˵ľǿϱ
ȻڱĻҲ٣ʾȰʹ˳ˡ
Сӣ˾ڲʮ꣬һ㲻Ըϣ֪ԼҶǺ⣬˾Ц
ĸҲԼˣȥСںӣĸҲҲôڶڵ̫࣬ȥСǱǡ
ĸҲף¼״綼ܾٱˣ˵ˡ
ڿϱӵţϱϴǹǵĻԼƽһھ˵Ըûɶֻ˵㺣̲
пסӡ
ڳܲȻ˵ԼСզ˵СϸԸ˯Сһ˯رϲռССóԵġ
СĲ˺ͺóԵóԵģӾررóԣ
ʾиСܺҲСסССûóԵģ㻹ҪرСʱʱǣСرãСرٸһëǮСһǮԼš
ܲƴдģҲӿķѾ߿ЦڶϱӰһǮ˾ЦԼҶ̫٣ĸȴЩԾҲû룬ֻΪϱżַ㡣
Լֻ˵һЩڶܸܵԼҶϱ⺢Ӷã
˵ʵͬȢϱҪԭԼҶϲҲδϱܶԺӺһ㡣
ϱܶ⺢ôû뵽˾ЦʾԼҶ۹ãĸȴҲòпԼҶ۹ȷʵá
ƶϱָۼҼɶ˾ãʮ
ҲжԱȣھҵĺܣ˵ӶϱТ˳İĸϾϵĶӶϱǡ
ĸ򿪰һӣкЩɹɵĺһأƷ˶ϱǮء
ĸͳ˾üЦڵ̰ͼϱıˣֻǶϱ̫ģʱʱǣǼôǮĺö
˾ͳĸСǮƱϱǷ˲ǮԼС̫զ죿
ܲ˵ϱرóԣϱ󼸸ҳζզ˾
лҪ˵״̬е㲻ãǸ


169 
ڻûüԶϱ̵,֮ͳޱš
ޱǳ¼Ҵ󲮼ȥҵĴŮԴӳ¼Ҵ⡮ϱٺܳȻٺܳǰѾ,ٺڱǼͬٺϵܵĳޱǣó˾,ٱ˾ĳ¼ҴһҲǣ
¼ҴȻеĹû,ĸ񡢳ĸŮҲûˣڳޱ±ǣıû,ޱɷıҲˡ
ֶŮ˾ͳĸûһø,رǳĸԳޱֶŮĹ۸ʵһ㣬ֻҪԶ֮
Ȳ˵ŰԼӵϴϱٺͬѧܸϴģϴӺĶң˵һؼë¡
¼Ҵһҳ£ǣ,ı,Ƥǲ飬⻹ãɺ˰,һ죬Ҿͱ˾ٱ
Ҫ˵¸ޱûɶϵ,
ĸʵڷʵڲ¼Ҵһٳκιϵ
˵ĸڵľǵͬϴ󲮡
ϴһӶͳޱˣҲ¡
ĸһ¾ͺޡ
ĸԼ˺Ա˴ɫʮѿΪԼ˶Գ¼Ҵһϳ£һҰϴӺֶŮҲɶûɫҪǶһҲùˣ
˾ֱۣϷ̸ɶ飿СЦ
˾Ҳ֪ĸᣬʾޱʵ֮ǰ¼ҴһҲ飬˾ѹûᡣ
ֶŮƤÿܾҲվ˾²ֶŮ˼
˵һ˼ľֶŮ
ҪǲֶŮվҲϲ鷳ͷ
˾Խͣĸû˵ɶ
ޱһϲһӽ¼ҿʮǣ壬ժ˵Ӹǳζ
˾ûɶ飬ĸޱֶŮһǺˣ֮ǰûҲûϴ󣬳ĸЩȥ̲סûô죬ֶͬ˶˹ϵԺҲˣԺҪ¸Ͻ˵Ҫû£Ҹ廹¾ͲдˣЩҲԣȻʹȥ
ޱɫ৵һɷףۿˣ˾壬治֪Ұ£Ҫ֪ҿ϶סֺͿ£塢ǰҶãһֱǵãҲҰġֻǣ
ޱ߿ޱߣӣ˵ûˣû˺Ⱦƻˣѹ顣
Ҳޱ޵жж
ĸüͷ
˾ԭޱֶŮƼֱ۵ˣֱȫϣһǱǱģ׳ޱֶŮ˾ɫѿ㣿
ޱֻ޲˵
˾˵
ޱС˵鶪ˣʾҪ޸ˣ
ޱ޵ȥ壬û취˲
˾һ׸ôɫ࣬޲ᵽǰһ١
˾պԱޱ壬͵͵ҰģҰҪ֪ǰ״϶Źң
ޱ޵ĸң˾ֱ£ֱ㡣
ޱ壬Ұ趼ˣҪٴڼҰ϶ݲңҪҼˣء
ޱһʾҪҪиܼ޾ͺˣ˾ɫЩ䵭
ޱͰ󿴳˾شޣ壬ҪңҲȥˣ
ޱ޵˺ѷΣɤӸƣһҪιȥģɫ԰׸˾һ˼
ĸȴһͬ鲻
˵ޱֶŮϴӶңⷬһ㲻š
˵󲮴ɩ۵ľŮ
ֶŮʱеȥ˷һˣ֪ɩΪֶŮϷҵĴ֣÷ҸһֶŮãת˸ǰװִҪˡ
ĸüͷ˼ֶѾͷʵûɶøУҪɶöǿǿˡ
ȻҪѾͷɶöӦĻš
ͬѾͷĻĸȱ̬ϳ£ɶ˽˵ߴ򷢳ޱѾͷˡ
壡
ޱ֮ǰƻĺܺãΪҪ޸˵ң϶ҸöݣҵĶȻʮݣҲͲ硣
˭֪ߺտʼе㷴ӦûɶӦĸҪߣޱֻּ
˾λãȻױСѾͷŪģɩҪѴֶŮˣ⺢ֱ˺ۣȷʵˣҲҷݹԸ
ֶŮ˵ĴĿĺ侲һЩҲ۵ľŮ
ֶŮʱɩûȥΪֲƽ
˾ζ˼ǰۼྫƵֶŮͻȻʣˣˣ
ޱļƣɶų˾ͻͻֻŵѹֱۣȷԼǲ¶ҧⲻϣһֻ̽أޱ޵˻߼ݵ壬ҪңĻȥˣ壬ң±ţ
æʾԼҪ󲻸ߣԷҾܹȥзݺùͳɡ
˾ãޱͷðĻңֱ˾Ƴ¼ҴΪ±ȥֹޱϵѪɫʱʵһɶҡҡ׹׹·һҪιȥû뵽徹Ȼ֪¡
ղŰƸĨڵ岻֪ˣޱǰһڣæϴ壬ҴˣҴˣҲǹƭֻ̫ˣ
ޱǰһ֪࣬ʶģǼ¾ǳ£Դ֪Լп磬Ļֺ¡
˾û˵ɶֻȥʵһЩ˶ɵӣæҲûޱ̱ڵء
˾ô˵ȳޱһߣȴҪļֶŮŵԼҶϱǸպǸʮֲ׼ڡ
Ҳ鷳׼ң˿ŵ˻ǳɣֻûȳ˾źãޱֶŮԼã϶޸ίͲһС쵼ĵطĳɰھĴӡ


170 
˾ĸյû,ҽʱҲյӰİ
͵˸մ֪ĽϣĽ޸ģӹĸ˳ġ
ڼ޸֮ǰ,Ľ໹еǣɼ޽ȥ˶,ŶҲ,ɩӶɶѴԸһദĸǢ
ҵ˶Լ¸ɣ׬ǮҴʱֵ,ǹҲҪ̳Ĺ
޳ҲнԼҲΪͬ峤׼ҵĹϵ,峤һҶ֪ϱգɩһڴСѧ顣
ûĸ֪ϱıĻõġ
ĽҲʮԸѡģһҲʮйС
ĽðȥƼϱۣæӹ,ʣϱ,ۼҵİ˭ĵģ
ԼҲյСõİʱ۾һæʣǲСüİϱ
Ľȷ,æѰݣ߳ĸ£Сּˡ
ĸһСáæҴұֱ߲߳,Ŵɤ£ɶģҹŮּɶˣĶûţ˵ɶ
ĸɤŰԺֵļֶֶŮȫˣӶ֪СüİкóԵˡ
£̣ǲСּɶóԵģ
СҲͿĸ
ѾͶѾҲ
Լ˺ͼӶгϢ̫̫ҲǰôˣûŸϼߴߴŮ
ȲһӣȻһɺиɵĺ㡢ۡɱɵȣӳԵʳҲû٣ǡ֡һƬĴ󻢶СѾѾĲˮĸҪԡ
ĸۼԼҹŮּôණؿĸֱۣ˲ΧߵļŮ
ŮզôҰŮûɶŮզôỨǮ
ĶСüĶྪȣϴСûֱʸë£һëǿɲǹĺܣʮʮǮֶֶŮҲ·
Ľ޽һμСĶЩ࣬˵Сһַ󣬴˶˵СŮ޵ĺá
ĶԼСüȤ
ѾûгԼСõˣСüʮǰЩȻԹӣƶ϶ûСðĺóԡ
ĵۼСüӰɣ׻óˣ
ĸû˼ɶӣĸŮ˵ǣĸӰŮдţϱŮ˵˸ɶ
ӰʵҲû˵ɶ˵ԸѾӦĺܺãϱģǶ壬彡Ҫ˵¼ɶ̵Ǹģöౣ棬ŸϽ˸˶ˡ
СֶСֶŮһ˵ǹûڼңСõøֶֶŮҲû
󻹽ĸɶʱֶֶŮסӣ˼
ɶкĸĴӰﱬ˷ܼ۴С
ĸ򳡣ҪҲ
ӰֱʴÿһǮɰӾĲУСС£󻢶ԼѾѾ֪Сøÿ˰һǮ׷׵ֱ۲š
˵ǹʱ̺͵ＸǵĺҲһǮ㣬ÿ˰Ǯ
һǮǴûĴĿ
ҲҸҪ
ÿһǮĸֱؿڣѾͷַզôͿŮǮһǮͲˣզӰôǮ
ĸĺˣԼҹŮӣһֱŮ
ԼҹŮôںǱϴϱ
ĸ׶Ӷû׹ŮҪ˵ϱˡ
ҪŮǮûţ
ĸЩǮ˻ȥÿŮһǮࡣ
϶سǣ˶ǰ
Ҳ֪˹ŮСãİԼ
Сøÿ˰һǮɩСɩһʼǸ˵ɵˡ
һǮƽմ׳һۻ׬ĹҲͼë
Сզô󷽣ȻǺÿ˰һһǮ
ɩС˼ұҶһӣҲͶһǮĽɩЩζˣʮֺڵզû
뵽ϱûӣһǮûУɩƽһЩ
沶ȻõúתְѺϣһ¾ܵúü飬沸˵ĲС
մĺ̾ͱĸһˮ
ĸϴһҺһҵϴһǮզ룿СÿǼͼֶֶŮҪ˭ҹýðôĺСԼҲףŮȻǾ٣޷ǮһԺСֻզ죿
ϴҲ类Сøÿ˸һǮˣֵܸжֵûҪСõǮæʾһǮյ˻ȥɩСɩеҲҵԼҹš
ϾԼҹǹˣʿɸߵĺҪΪһǮ﹫ʵڲ㣬Ҳ۱ʾһǮ˻ȥСá
ĸɫ⣬ĸȫ˻ȥˣÿһǮԸţǴ˿ɱҪӵǮԸţҲСõһ⣡
ĸɩСɩصȻϴ׷׶ʾǮ͸Ըţǿš
ɰѼＸӸ˵ķˣҪ֪ÿ꣬ĺȫϽԸǮӱȵһǮˡ
˺£ĸٴηģȥСøǼû
ӽҲӣĸ٣ɶûˣȵӰ̵գһʼһѹû뵽ԼҹŮСãĵĶգⲻһԣһӶˡ
ĸ۵ĲУŮզַԽԽҸӼԼ沺ͼӵǳԵ㣬ĽûԹСķˣһγգζ⾪ޡ
̵治һóԣ㹽ζ̵ɳɳĿζţһѹûԹôóԵӡ
ⲻҲ˲óˣͳӣ˺ͺһӳԣĸԼ϶ӳζ˼
ٴҸӼԼǸŮСãĺóա


171 
Ӱյһؼĵİ˻ǮЩ,˻Ǯﻹ˵Ǹܲ
ӰۺÿһëǮ
,š
ΪһǮѵúݺһ٣˵һǮӰǮҲͶǼ,,ȻһǮֵֵֻզ룿
Ӱ˵ɩɩûɶ⣬ʵڵˣԸ硢һһ,Ҳûɶȱ㣬ԸС˼ְ̰Сˡ
θһһǮɩθ,Ժզ죿
˵ЩǮüϣ
Ӱò˵Ķԣɩɩɶʮġ
ֻ⻹ˡ
ֶֶŮģֱÿ˰һǮ˾ģ˵ǼȻܲһǮ,ֶֶŮҲú˱ˡ
ʱͬһǮȻû˼ǵ,δɩӶһЩ
˵ģһǮȷʵ̫࣬ɩӵθ,ԺƻɩɩǱֵãҪһΰˣ϶䲻úá
οΰһǮ硢ĸԺֶֶŮѹ
ʱ,˵ɩɩö
Ӱš
ŴﶣһŮǮҲǮ˵Ըÿ˸һëܲ⺢ӡ
ŮڸǰչˣԸһ֣ܲ⺢Ӳڸǰÿ˰һë⡣
ڹʮֲ״ﻹˡ
ﻹʾתÿ¹ʶ˴ʮǮ²ͷǹʺƮˣڸʮ¶ؼң̫ᵱ̫Ữ㣬һ߸ֽϸ㡯绳ޣˣ͹ȥźֱʾԼ嶼ù
һţӰЦãǳ׷Ĳ١
С˵ɶܲڸǰ°ͺʡ
ӰСЦۼԺ󾫴ϸٳ⣡
ر𰮳ĳܲæҡͷóԣ˲óԣѳˣѾͻϲԣ
Ӱ˵ʵҲ⣬̫˼᲻ãҲͷˡ
Ӱܲүĺ⣬Ըš
ܲû뵽Լڻк죬кӲϲģ
ܲԲĴ۾ҡҡͷµǮС
˵ԼŵܳȥӰɰӰһͿ⺢ӵĺʾպãԺҪûǮ
ܲŰĸԸ
ֶֻ緹˼򵥳ԣòˣߴɩҡ
ӰΪߴɩɶ£ȸߴɩ˵ϼʱͰզ
˵ȥ˵ֱ̲˻óԣһﳢζ
ϧǻץļڹˣҲûš
ۿӽ˼Ͱͻ˸ųԣߴɩҲĶҲһͰš
ߴɩе㵣ⶫζ̫أ˲óԡ
ߴɩ飬Ӱ᲻֪ߴɩɶ˵ȸߴɩһζ󣬿϶ڣźСԶֵҲ϶ˡ
Ӱûϻ߸ߴɩզζֱʾ˵ʱϾƺͽһ٣ҪһЩʱ䡣
Ȼ󻹸˸ߴɩļּաɡ
ߴɩϾ߳ˣ򵥵ĲӰ飬ҲܼӰߴɩһ᲻÷ͣ˲զͿɲóԣӰɩӣĲʱ΢ŵͲ㣬ϾˣҪǲóԣǲ˷Ǯ˵ҪĺóԣšСԶǰԣԺҲˣզǮֶֻ࣬ǶŵͶ໮㣿
ߴɩԭҪЩۣЩһ˵ǣ
һͰŰë
Ȼһļ۸ܹ󣬿һͰ࣬Ժľ߷űܳԺóһӡ
ⶫҪóԻ̲ˣǾֵ̫ˡ
ߴɩҧҧʾȥһΣ뿪ǰߴɩɶͻȻӰӣ˵˲ҶίյɹûõĴǰЩ˸ʮ͵Ů֪࣬ˣ
ɶ
Ҷί׶ǲҶ״磿
ӰҶ绹ͦӡ󣬶Է಻һ˲ţҲ㣬յɹҶҴյɹʱҶ˵Ҷίˡ
Ӱһ±Ƶʱ򣬸ߴɩҶҴ£˵ҶҴ·ʮ͵ʱиŮ֪ˣⲻҶҴûºȥˣ˾ʱٴƼŮ֪ҪҶҴ縺
Ӱ
ߴɩһ̾˵ҶҴϧ൹ùΪž͹ùû뵽ҶҴù
ߴɩôѾˣŮ֪ٲҪҲûˣҶί׶ӿɳһ˲ţ㻹Ҷί׶û飬ҪŮ֪֪ݣĿܷŹôһģ
ߴɩҶҴ£ӰĲɳ緹
ĩ緹Ӱпиɴȥܼ
ҶӰʮָˣæ£ųܲ
ǸˣֶӰͳֶܲʮкøУصװ˲ٳԵģдǡӸɳľǰ˱߳Աġ
Ҷ㣬㡭Ӱ֮ǰΪҶҴ£ҶüЦݣԼҺӶǣҶҴзɶ£
ܲе㲻̫Ӧ˶Ĺ飬ͷԼԵĹĹģŶˣĺóԵԶˣҲͲ̰ͼ˼ҵĳԵġ
ܲʾҪȥ棬ӰҲźӣȻǰ˻ؼҡ
֪ˣС
ȺܳţӰ̽Ҷ㣬˵£
ҶջûզզͻȻأǰܼҲȻ
ʮ֮**˾ԡ
ӰһĵĿҶҲʮָжæͱʾЩԲԶﴫ
ǾʮһŮ֪࣬˼Ů֪ûƷʮֲմӾġ
ӰһܿҶŮ֪ƺʶӡ󻹲Ӱզ¡
Ҷ˵տʼҲر𼱣类Ů֪ƣȥ֪ࡣ
ٺ˼Ů֪˲ٶл磬ûˣȥſڼˣ˼ҲûͦòģֻлһͨͦĵͦõģóҾϹУֶǾģҶеĸо
Ů֪ɶ֣
ޱ


172 
ӰܼҴĵ,ҶţſڵʱҶҴҶ
Ҷ۵ޣһ۾ϳˡ
ڶμҶҴ,һװƤ˹ģŨü,忡,ºͣʶʮкøУ˵ҪλŮ֪ҶҴкøҲ⡣
˸ͲϹˡ
Ӱ֮ǰҶҴһкߡ
ҶĿȴ뿪ķûƿ,ҶЩ˼ͻȻŵ,㲻ǶԳϱкøаɣ
㶼˵ǳŵϱôкøУҶջĿ⣬û¶ɶ飬Ҷջ̽ߣ۵ȷʵеʧ
ѵöŮͬ־øУϧ˼Ѿ,ֻܸп̫졣
˵,õһμŸһλŮͬ־զ˵ھǸֶϵֶŮ,Ͷͦкøеġ
˵һμú÷򲹰ϯʱʱһۼ˾ʮĶϧ˼ҴһӣÿҲ֪Է,޵˻ǳţѹ˼ûͷ
ֱղż棬ԼͦĶкøУԼʵڲӦá
ԼȰ˵Ͳ׵ʱԥƬ̣Ǿܾˡ
ܼſ˵Ҷ̽λŮ֪ɶо¡
ҶĪǻأûо
Ҷ˿ЦλŮͬ־ͦõģûоˣ
ҶԼԼϲˣȻҲϣȢԼϲˡ
˵λгޱŮ֪ȷʵͦкøУҪҲΪԷûƤ硣
ϾںˮʱھһŮ֪㱻ϣʱŮ֪һֱ˵Լûˣ˵Ҫȥί淽š
ʱҪǷŽˣŮ֪˵ܵóѣ֪ҲһŮ֪࣬ٴƼˡ
ʱҲһƵŮ֪ࡣ
ҪǶԷҲֶαȢˣδԸ
ҺŮ֪û塣
Ů֪ദ£ǾòȷʵкøУҲŮ֪̫˵㡣
ôһƵĺҶɲҪһҲʮ־ĻĴɩ
綼ھԺλճµŮ֪ӦҲнӴʱ
ʮ֪㣬С絽ƫԶũĳޱҭɤӵĴʮֲϰߣԶÿҪػԵҲʮֲɾҭ˵Ĵ
ʮֺڰĵطĳ޳Ӹλܰ£ȴϰֶŮ
Ȼֲϰָֻõܡ
Ҳ֪õ˵Ǻ޵ٺܸ졣
˵ٺ챻Ǽǣ֮ǰûôڰ˽ܸ죬Ͼٺٺôϵһ㣬ƾɶΪ룿
ֻٺȻҪŰǹӣΪɶε㣬ҪǸõץѱ
ҲˣҪǸõܰãҪǲϰؾǹв
ĲãҲĺá
ޱ޵ҧгݣ


173 
ӰǰЩӻҶ̳ܲ,תۼȥҶ˵λŮ֪,رڻ˵㶫
տʼΪԷǳ磬û뵽ԷңӰһ±ơ
Ҷ,λŮ֪ҼҸɶֲʶ,ɶ
ҶҲ²Ů֪żҸɶղ¶Էǲʶϱأ⻰ֻܻǲλŮ֪ɶʱϳˡ
Ͼű糤û,ڣ˵֮ǰĹ,绹һҪŮ֪ûϳŻǺпܵġ
ҶЩͬ鿴Ӱ˵Էסʹ֣ʹӸզ
ҶҲû˵ҵ£һֱڸҴ,
⻰ž̫,ӰһҲ㶼Ů֪ǲɶʱϵģ
ҶԽҲԽܣ۵ЩģȴοҲ,Ů֪ʮ͸ӵ֪࣬һҲ۾˵ŸǾ飬ܱ,Ҫɶ뷨ƻ°ܻ۾Ҳ̵ġ
ҶİοӰһˬš
ޱ̽¼ңֻҶŽȥҲûãѹ˾ھ⡣
ޱת
տʼɩӽޱסܴܲȥݡ
ɩӼ֧֧ᣬҲ˵˭صأڷ״˽ȥ
Σޱھſڵ˰죬ֵȵһŮͬ־гغ׼
ޱæסˡ
סĲֻͣ½̤壬ü
ûɶİˣصĲֺҪؼңϴЦһᣬֻ۵Ц׵λŮͬ־˼ҹŮŻȥҲûգҪȥͬ־æ
ޱǸ˾ȴӶԣ˺úһϡƱͬ־Ҳû£ֻ£ǾиӰŮͬ־ô
ȻһƱﲻƱҲɶб˲ռɵӣ˼䣬ԷһֱҪ£ϵЦҲһЩ
ֻǵϱɫһ١
˵ϱû˺Ƥ֮ǰвɫҲ˵㡣
ޱ²ԷͬǸõϱϵã۾һʵλŮͬ־ʶõϱܸܲ˵˵õϱզһֱôͬõŻ£ⲻҸղӣҴõϱզ
ԭȷʵҪƱˣ¼ɶæޱĻ֪Ӱڳ¼ҸĸǱ߱ЩֻҲ˵ԣҲ͸ޱ
߰ԸޱŵһģզȢһϱģûɶ飿
Ȼ֪ĻǳŵզͻȻӾɹôƫƧĵط
ǲɶǣҪɶǣԺɲ¼Ҷ
ֻ죬ʣҲĶԷ˵滰Ͼ˼ֲݡ
ȴҶǱߴɶϢޱҲǰλŮͬ־˲ٳϱϢ
ǸõϱǸũģеĻھСѧ顣
ޱζû뵽Ȣһϱޱ֪Ȣϱµģ̫𾪲
һŨŨֻͳ죬⼸ʮ֪Կʲ˹ĿӶ˲٣á
˵˶Ҳõܽܶ󣬿ϧõѹ顣
ڵȢ˸µϱֲҶţ޷¶ۡ
ޱԽԽԽá
õϱƷôޱʡ
᲻˿ʵû˵ɶɻÿһ䶼֮ίʾ簵ʾϱΪ̫СʵϣĻֶΣ
˵Щῴʱ࣬ҲԵĲ࣬Ҫߡ
ޱæλͬ־õǱ߲öʣԺ˽˽õϱܲʶһ£
ᵱȻͬ⣬Ȼû˵ɶɵʱ¼£ͷһզ죿
ܾޱһʮϡĹҵƱҪ֪ڹҵƱʮϡǳŪ뻹ǽˣסĶԺֱȻſڸ֨һ
ޱ¶Цݣﳵˡ
֮ǰޱųõδػвڵﲻ
Ҫ취ؾãպСõϱһ¡
֪롮áӰڷƵƵĴˣһ۴ʱͲˣտʼû룬ֻǵȹãϱ߻ûŲ̧ʣ£
ûŪλŮ֪ҲˣҲûôˡ
ܲСĹĹģ۾๾תԿˣССǲɶ˼С˵
ӰСզô
ҪС͵͵˵ҲС壿ܲСԴչӰĹĵգֻԷԡ
Ŷܲһ£Ҳùܴ˵ͷԷ
ʾڿյİ
Ӱͷۡ
һϴ˯ǰܲһֱӰߣܸܲһ˯˵һ˯š
ûڳޱѹ£һĲ鲻Ը߷ȥ˯ӰЩúӸһ˯ú̫С
ͬ⡣
ûȺȥ˯ڸԶȹҳܲʳܲҪҪֵһ˯
뵥˯ĳܲȻͬ⡣
ȥӰͳҲû͵ſǰԶߴߴ͵͵˵ϴôҼиˣҾԣررóԣ
ⲻ˵óԵĺͻˣ˵ֵÿζ˺ö෬
﷬㲻ˣﻹǳԷԵ̫࣬ԺͰҿˣ켯ж㡣
ϴ󣬹˺óԵҪҪҼҳԷҼҵĲرóԣ
ȺߺӰ֪ڸ߼Ҳһܻӭ΢Цݡ
ⲻޱ￴ţɫ䵭
Ӱ˲øղİ˿һţһʣ۰˵ɶ
û˵ֻ˵󲮼ŮӣһѾ׼ˡ
¼Ҵ󲮼ҵöʣҲʣû˵Ӱ÷ѩʳĳ¼Ҵ󲮾ٱ£ڰ÷ѩһҿǱһҺĺܲң˺ȥı߽
ӰеۿһۣĿһʮ򣺡ʲô
ӰûɶʵģҲ˳¼ҴŮ֣ޱ֣ӰЩˣиýгޱҲˣȥĶ


174 
ؼҺֻ˵ϱܳ¼Ҵ¡
Ӫò˵
˵ˣ˵ղھſý,˵ǳλý˵ģŵ֪Ÿĸզϱ
˵ҪȢһϱ϶Ҳͬ,Ưиɶã
ôһ,ҲͲôۺĽӰױƯˡ
Ů֪ǳý㣿Ӫʡ
˵˭˼Աųû¸ɣ˵մӶԷ˵ôã
ýզӪҪЩżұ
²˵ղŮ֪ഩŻ㲻,ƤҲף㲻
żҪб,ýܱôƫƧĵطӡ
Ѳ²˵,Ӫεûˡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲô,˵֮ǰһֱ֪զͻȻӾɹô˵ûпɶǣ
ԽԽ,ҪýզҲô깽ǵĴӣ
ⲻܲĳ,ԽԽÿܳһҿ˳ֶܲӵǣ
ϾʮPPĺ,ֶ˵Ǻ鹷,֡
ЩŮ࣬ŮֶӽӴȾϻ,Ҳǣ
Լ뷨˵һͨӪû˵ɶҲȷʵе㻳,˵ҪŮ,Ӫ̫Сû¸,Ͼܲ⺢ǣң
ʦ,Ӱճſ,ϼס˵칫λŮͬ־
Ӱȥ¥칫ǰϼ߸˵λŮͬ־˵ӵݡ
ϼɶݣ
һŮ֪,Ӱȷ˭ңػʦҲ¥ȥˣ
ϼпΣҲͲˣ칫ҷߣӰû¥ݿڣջ༶ߡ
Ӱ¥ʱͦλýҺʹĿģ
ٱĳ¼ҴһûɶøУ
żȻᵽý㣬ɫر˼䣬ŵ֪˴統Ȣֿ˵ϱȻλùý㵱Ƽܵģ
˵˻ǹϵʮҪõͬѧ
ӰܰôһƷĻɫܸ¼Ҵ磬λý㲻ױ˺ƵɵҪô˼ϲĲ
Ӱ칫ңλȷŮͬ־ͦᣬƤ𪣬е糾ͣЦݣЦⲻ۵ףЦЩ١
ޱʮȻסָɣȿ࣬ɫһ㶣۵ȣָܿ糣ЦŸѣӰ۵һľ⡢ƣĳ˲ɶɵ
ǰϱõϱɣϣÿ־ְϲޱһԼ˵Сõʮã֪զͻȻ㲻ͬͰأÿҼȰȢôһ־иĺϱ
ޱһӰ䵽ְѹԼϣ˵ʮƯʮֻˡ
ҪûĻֲ֪¼Ҵ£»ױ˺ͷΡ
Ӱɫƽһȷǰλùý㲻ɶʡƵͣϺϴЦ̽Ŀģý㣬զͻȻʮӣطرƫ뾩ҲرԶǱ䵽ߣզ취䵽뾩һĴҲ֪֪׵㲻ǣ
Ӱ䵭̬óޱЩ⣬ԭΪԸ˵ô࣬ϱһжġ顯ôһŮ˾ȻܸңҪûĻֶѹţޱҲò֮
ޱɫЦǰҲ䵽뾩һĴ֪֪ף֪Ҫ磬ɴཨߣ˵ǰӾھиģ˵Ҳӣ
ӰЦ¼λýƤ˵¼Ҵٱ˼ңλýϲôƷŮ˸˴磬Ǻ޻ܰģ
ϣյţզûᵽ£ҪȻ֪ý絽
ӰĻóޱɫЩӲһ˿ЦݻػǰûߣҲ֪Ҳڶൣġ
ޱʾʱԸڻţͲö鷳˵ˡ
ӰЦݼȻýˣҿ϶֪ͨһϱൣ㣡
ãã˵Ҳûɶһֱңޱģؾʾ˵ìܣҪַ˵ֲ˵ɶޱ̽ʣãìô
ӰװɵҶԼˣɶìܣý㣬ǲɶ£
ޱΪû˵־ٱʱɿһֹۣã˵㻹еصæ˵Ҳ˵СҲСҸ֮ǰеᣬҾϣȥڰǰ˵û˵Ҳң
ޱһ̾һ˵иʮҪüҾһͬѧ˼Σ뵽Ȼ͵͵ˡ
ޱ߽Ҳ׸磬ֻСʱ򱻹ңĸʮֺã˹ϵҲǳֻͬѧɶõģùʸߣȻ͵͵硣
ҲˣȢˣ뵽˲ǸõģñŰСֶӡ
ޱһʹãû뵽ˣҵҪ֪ˣ˵ɶҶܴȥҼңʶ硣
Сֶӳ£ұ˭ʹҲ֪ҵҵĴϲûйϵҪûңʶŮˣҲӦõģҲûɶ
ӰǴλý˸ɲζ
ޱڰ칫û뿪ǰƿݸһ龫һǡһȷ²٣龫Ǻǻǲʮϡĺö
ޱݵʱҲۣʾʮϣܰǽ޸飡


175 
,εӰڰ칫ʰ׼ȥСѧſڽӺӡ
ʰʱޱεĿġ
ԷͶʮֳĳ޸ýܵĸ,һ㲻ŶԷĿô򵥣
Ҫ˵Է޸˹ϵΪ˻ɶô,Ǹţֻ˰ɶ
˲죬ɽ̶̼佻̸,Ҳ㿴λýǸˡ
Ҫû棬Ͷ
ӰһʱҲ벻ԷĿ,ֻܱˮڡ
ªİ칫ﻹзϼ,ҲҪӺ,Ӱһ,һ
˳ŵʱ,ϼЩ֮ǰŮ֪ɶݣ
ϼ¶֪ûɶøС
߶ҪŮ֪,ɲܿ,ڴҿͰ͵ģҪ֪,żӼһҲɣɲθڡ
ϼҲʦǸϱƤԿ,ǧѧӪҵġ
ʦ,ʦզˣﴺҲӪҵ,Сѧ,̳,칫һ𣬴ƽ̧ͷͷк,ͦ졣
ʦ̵ǸպԼҺǸ࣬ӰƽҲﴺùϵ
Ӱͷʻʱ򣬷ϼͶűȴݻ׻۵е˵źٽտѧʱʦһۣûϳ
ǻտѧѩûڻש߷칫Ҷ¥ȿˡ
ʦţһëش£ףڰ칫ſڣصѩۣʦɫڵѩеıȣףһ㲻š
ϼĽĽ˵Ҫ֪ʦƤŴģôҪúʦզ׵ġ
ϼʱӰһ飬ϼΧûɶˣŰӪҵ´˵˵
˵ǰӪҵĵúòױͻҺӪΪϱкӹ
˭֪ûãӪҵͻȻˡ
磬ɼܲסӪҵƤ߯ĵطպʮʹ
ⲻӪҵʱʱӪҵĿ硣
ӪҵҲʱʱӼãҪɶͬ⣬˶Էθڡ
ǰЩӪҪĵǮϼңǰϽĹʴ붼ӪҵӼá
ӪİӪҵûƤԴųԷӪӪҵûٳܡ
⼸죬ƼüӪҵ͵͵Ĩᡣ
ϼŭ䲻Ӫҵ治ɶûıӪҵĻã·ģǮӪҵĽӼøģ
ϼ˵ӪҵãӪҵ̬һ㣬ÿĻ֦չ
Ҹھ˵ӪҵÿκӪǽһȣ֪ı˻Ϊ˲ء
ϼﶼ֪զ˵ӪҵˣȰ˼β
ղҲԳʦݵλŮͬ־Ҳ㲻켸䣬ҲǵʦصӪҵĸޡ
ʱʦûסӼθֲ˺ãһŮͬ־ϳզ죿
ϼҲ˵ǰʱ£ڷϼԺ϶ǰ;ʦҵôһбµãƽյöŵ㣬ɲܱŮˡ
˱˵ûõѧУſڣȳϼˣ֮ǰʦǧѧӪҵһͿ治壡
Ӱ΢Цл󣬼򵥸˵ԷǱݣˣҲ¶ԷǵĶԷĿġ
Ըе׾ͳɣɱӪҵôͿֻίԼˣ
۾ӰϲܲһöóԵСǰ뵽ɶæ״ܲСȥǰϣڰ۸ܲ
Ӱɫ΢䣬æô£
ϼҲæʡ
СС״Ҳͦ߼Ӱͷϼܿզ¡
ԭӴ඼кк֣ŮŮ֣Ҳûɶìܡ
켸кֵʱ򣬳ܲСĲ˲ƯЬӣܲûüǸϴ˵ܲҪPĹӣմù˵ǣСһңԺҪ˭棬ҪP
ֻӰһ֪϶Ǵ˽̵ģ硣
ܲ˲һ£һֱޣʦ˵ܲ۸ղŻ˳ܲһƣ
ӰԭѿɫͱסһҶҺӶ֣ķζըˣ˲ͬϼк첽ԼҺӰ༶ߡ
ϼԼҺӵĸ״ɫҲʮѿʵû뵽ʦôﲻһˡ
϶˶ЦûɶӣϼǰӪϱȢ治õ̺ܽ˵ô񶾵Ļô񶾵ĻǶһӣ
ܲɶ⣬һ̺ܽô񶾵Ļ
ЩֵܣҪذơ
ƽԼҶûٳԳ¼ҺóԵģϼҲʹԼҺӹȥ
Ӱϵ༶ſ⣬ԶԶûҽ̣˵ҪԼҹŮ࣬ԼҺܹǣۣﴺ溢ӽͣ
Ӱһ߿ţһڽʵǽ淢һ죬˵Ĳﴺһʶſڡ
ʦզˣﴺ
ӰվſڵʱԶԶԼҺӵͷ˵ﴺԼϻиʺİӡСվıֱŲĲ䣬
ֱ̧ͷСһۿ˲ͨ죬С߿ССһС
Ӱﾾ۵ǿԼҺյİӡ˵ƽմӶ᲻öҺһ£ղܵĵǺãȻҴҺӣ
ʦã嶯˳ܲһƵĲҲе飬óܲ۸ԼҹŮ˵£˵Ҫһͣ⺢զ̵ģûһҽò
ҼҺզûҽˣӰޱ߹
ỹΪӰ飬䱾˱߸״ζǳܲŮûһ
û۸Сܲ׺ݵˣŬһ䡣
Ҫû۸ҼҺӣҼСܿ޵ɤӶˣ
Ҳĵ۸ңӴˣҪ࣬ҲҪһ࣡
ŹӣòеΣӰųܲտ棬ûŮĻ˿
ҺģӰе׵գûɶ¶ͻȻʡ
ʲô
Ӱظһ飬鲻أӰɴһԲ֪զȰҳﴺ
ﴺ˵ѣͷ˵ǣȰȰ侲һЩ»СС»ˡ
ӰͻȻɷ˵̧Ȳһơ
ȫһȥĲðǲҽһƫ˹ȥϰ춼
Χ˶סӸսҵķϼҲס
ûã׵ĸͷһۡ
ӰȻҴĲҲŵ۴ޡ
ҴңӰ
ľ㣬ҼҺûҽ̣һ˴ӡ̺˹ӾмҽˣҼҺһָ᲻ɶʱֵ㶯֣Ҫ´ϹƱƱ̺˵֣Ҹû꣡ӰȰƣѲָǰָϡ
ǽһ죬ָͷɱȰ۶ˣĽ˺ѷεĲҽΧһˣ


176 
ϼ橻ؼҵʱ,һӶ׼ˣϼԼҶϴ
ȥʢʱɩæʵզ£զôٻ
ϼֻѧУ¼˵ˡ
һ˵Сì,տʼû,֪֮ᱻϱһƺ󻹱һָͷ۵ҽҺһĿɿڴ
ίԼҴϱ򿴹żҵİӪҵָˣզ£ìܣϹɶ
ҶϱæֹӪҵָͷ汻ˣϣҵ,ö۰
ɩӸעǳ¼Ҫ⳥ҽҩѵ⣿ӪҵĶȥҽˣ϶ûǮ,ҪӪҵҪ¼ϱҽҩ,ɩ뼸ʮҽҩѶ¼۵Ļš
ɩӵӪҵƽ˲,ϱƷҲû˵,զ˵־Ͷأϴϱ,զ£
ҵļҲ,˲̫,ֻ˵߰Ƿԡ
ϼݷǰ,ձָ۵˲ιȥϼһľίɩӴߴզ¡
ϼûü˵,ʢߴߴȸ״,˵զ۸ĺֵ,˵ǲȴܲ,
𿴺С,ɸ״״
ϼúӳԷ˵ߵͷӪҵȷʵеˣԼҺ˵Ĺȥ,ƾɶ˼ҺӣҪǸҴҼҺӣҲû꣡
΢٣ϼֵʵЩҲˣӪҵǧ򲻸ñĶҽ̺ӣܲǹӣԼҺ˵ܲǣ˳һңҪⶥñӿʵڳܲôһСͷϣԺ˭Ҵ˸ԼҺӸܲ棿
ϼⷬò⻰˵̫̫ˡ
һҲ֪զ¡
ջЩͬίҲû˵ˣίüͷԲͬƽʱľҸ˿
ӪҵĵǺãһ꺢ӿôǺ˼
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ھȷʵͦίƽնӪҵͦкøеģû뵽ˣ
Ҷϱͦͬģ˵ָͷö۰ϱµֿ̫ˡ
˲ò࣬ƽƳϱģզܸɳô뺷£
ͬʱҲĳŵͻȻӾɹ˵ΪܲǺӵԵأ
⻰϶ϱɫ̫ѿզ˵ڡ
϶ϱԺԼҺٸܲӴ֣ԷһȻҲȰɩҲ࿴ŵ㺢ӣùٸ¼ǺӽӴ
ϴ϶ֻǷɶҲֹŴӾɹ˳ܲǺӵǣɣ
˵¼ҵ£ؼҺﴺڷҲԼ˵¡
ӱΪֵĹϵʮֽӲﴺӪ˵£ӪûˣüͷҲȻҲƲӪҵô۸ӣһҿñӣﴺԺٸӪҵĽӴ
ﴺԸеģȻóϱӪҵ̫أӪҵȷʵ̫֡
ҽң϶óϱǮղҽҵʱ򣬻ӪҵҪóϱ⼸ʮǮء
ﴺЩ¼ҵģʮǮɲϱ컹е̫嶯ˣ
Ӫǲզĳ¼ң˵б£˵ϱģҲǺǵġ
żҵڳϱԵĿûϱԸ̫ûɶһֱҺúƭ
ӪԸϱϱһ뺷㣬ɴԺϱӴʾϱ˲
ﴺ˵ĻǺģͷ֪ˣ
㣬ӰӴܲ·߼ԺſڱߴɩƼպø߼ֵԺߴɩóܲ棬Ȼٻȥԡ
Ҫܲ˷ܳ߼ҸֵˣܲͷƲСʯҲ˵ӰԼҺӾܾ˸ߴɩĺ⡣
ֶ˸ڳ¼ԺӣߴɩݸԼ˵˵զӺͳܲ⺢е㲻Ծ
رǳܲ⺢ӣƽʱͦһӣզղƲˣɶˣ
Ϲģһһ᲻ⲻͦôԼСӲҲ
ߴɩ˸˵ûģʾɴܲײˣɶˡ
һˡ
Դӵýϱզˣųһκ
氮ϳˣûһζζۣû뵽ζʮ˾Ȼôóԣ
ÿˣܶԼ롣
ǰһ굽ͷǳ԰ײܲˮԴӼˣžԼʺ˲٣ڵƵʶ˲١
æã˲٣ߴɩ⣬ϹӱզСһ
ȸߴɩ˳Ų˿˵ǰһ¼¶Բһ⣬С⡯ˣܲϡ
߼̴ð̣ӰҲƲ֣ģúӸ߰żϴˡ
æͲˡ
ӰƲ֣ɴѸļСɱˣһɼС㣬Сۣر㡣
ӰĲҶʱ򣬼һСԼҺųԡ
ܲСԴҡͷʾԼ
۲ۣӰûǿ¿ӣգеۣܲ΢ۣ
ۣСܲҡͷСһе̬ȣۡ
ÿĲҶҲûˣӵݣſڰϣѺǰա
ղëӷһЩӡںۺϣЩĿġ
Ӱ۵ĲУ˺Ƥһ㲻ڣΨһڵǸһ̫ˣ̫ˡ
զˣզ˵ˣɶίԸС˵۲£Сղǰô
Ӱóܲۿˣҧ´ûޣʣСۼǲҪܶǮ
ղʦ˵ҿ϶ҪǮ
û£ۼǮ˵ֲۼңۼҲһҪǮӰ뵽⺢˼ôأ£ᱻȥҽңʮ飬ʮǮòһ̲ʹĽѵ˵ֱҪֵ̫̫ˡ
ܼҺӵǸϴҲôǮ
ܲͷ
ɶ˵СأӰԼҺۿͨ죬ᣬúӰί˵һЩ
ܲһʼҧŴۿǲ˵Ӱ룬ܲҧ´Щ޴СǲǻС壿
ܲʵҲСզ£ǵǰ˵Ǹ˾ֺ衣
һֱϲһֱ˵Ҫˡ
Сܶͬ˻߱Ķ棬
ܲһ뵽ԼС壬ССܰߣܲ۵һﲻס޵˻ߡ
Ӱǵһμ⺢ӿ޵ô۵æס˺˵ߣҲûС塣
ûզӣһʱҲЩ޴룬ӿɤŴ󣬸ڸߴɩԺæզ£Ӱûջأ
ѵ󣬻Ҳˣ̤ԼԺܲĿŲһ١
ѭȥܲϱޣϱһ޴ˣüͷ߹ȥܲզզϱˣ
Ӱ


177 
ӿ˯ź,Ҳϵİӡɫûùѹ,˴Ҵ
ֹ˯ţöʡ
Ӱ˻ӹ,Ѻӱﴲϣú˯
ſڽǵȣӰ,ʵô£ϵİӡģ
ۼҲˣٲԵ,ű߳Ա˵,ú˯óҲ,鵹Ǳ˺һЩ
ǵ,˸ղΪΪе㲻
ʱզԼ裬Է
һ˼ںϣûɶ˼
ӰºӵȻû˳ԣ۵С˶˲ڵ,ų
˲ʢ÷
ʰ档
Ӽ򵥳,һһɼС㣬ɼС,ѵõĺòˣһֱûӣ췢ɶ£˭Գ֣ܲ
ó浣ĺӡ
㲻һҴ˺ӣӰ°Ⱥʡ
ܣѹûɹϱҲϣ,ʿ˵ı»һЩϱԺӶãʮղҲΪΪӵƤ¡
Ӱûлɹ㻹ͦģҲθڣ򵥰ѧУ¼˵£Ҳ˵Լ˲һƣѶԷһָͷˣҽңƵʱҽҩѡ
Ӱ˵ʱ򣬱߼в˱̧۴ɫ
˼һ᲻ϲɫӰ˼ҲûƳɶ뷨
ӰȥҽҵǸ˵ҿһ㲻ڣΨһڵľû˼ƣﾡɶҺ˵
ӰǰȾ͹ᷳɶԱȲᣬɶжʲôбﲻһ
ͬìܣ˼ֱֱȥһĺӡ
ϸ˵Цȴ£
ҽԼܲţĨҺӻҿñ¾̫ˡ
Ӱʮֻҥʱܱ˵ģοһӣ
Ӱ˵£ķĲըѣĻҴܣԽԽ
߷߼ҪȥҽҸ˵ǸǮԣҵǸܡ
û˵ֻ࿴۳
ɣ
ôĵطɶԡҥԡìܶ״ֻһϹȥᱻӰָҽҪǮ´ľ˾֪ȻгܲǣŴӾɹĴҲĵǡ
һ˸ڳ¼ҵùİԣʮֻطҺԺֵصķĸֻ˵¼ұǣԼҪǮ£
զȢ˸ôĵϱӪҵһָˣ϶ⲻǮ
ˣȻС˵Ժٸڳ¼Һ棬һҲǣզ죿
֮ǰյ֪ӰҲʮֶʼɣ˼б£˳ú㣬ﲻҲûã֪ӰΪܲǹӲǣɵߣֻ
Ӱбզ
ôһֶԺ󻹲ǣɶǰ;
ҪӰǺꡢڻզװģǺӲ
ҪҰѺߣԭα¶
ֻʱ򣬷ĸЩƲۣ¼£ֺǸɶ
ĸԸڳ¼СϱʮкøУԼϱ۸һ㣬ֻ˵ЩеһѾ
Щǿ͸ϱ۸ֵͲɶ̤ʵصˡ
ƽƿӵ˶һ£˵ˡ
ǰЩӣŸյ֪ǰԷȥʳô򷹴˵ģϱһ㲻ɼ£Ǯǻᡣ
Ҫ֪ԼȢ˸ôϱǳҲͬ⡣
˵ϱ͵͵⳥⣬ĸʮ־衣
֮ǰϱզͻȻͺӱ˸̬ȣ룬˵ϱʹӵ⳥⡣
⳥ĸǲܸϱģϱҪǸ¼СϱһǸõģǷİ⳥𽻸ϱȻǣӺ̬ȶһ㣬һ㣬תԣ̬Ⱥ˲٣ҲֻǻģеҪ鷳ϱ϶ǿסġ
ĸھϣϱҪ棬⳥⡣
ĸϱֻС˵־ģϹ˵ֱʾɶֵģҥԡ
ϲզϹ˵ˣ
ãøĸƽϣ뿴ӰЦЦŵҲǵԼ˱ǣǣھǺǣŴ˾֪۲֪Ҳˣ֪¿϶Сĵ㣡
˵һǺӾ֪֣ȴ¼Һôۼھӣȥˣ
ĸ㲦Ҳǰװģ˵
ܲеƲ֣С첻˵
һȥĺĲ࣬ӰΪ庢Ӹˣɳꡣ
ɳʱ򣬳ܲӰСƨ棬ӰҲ֪⺢ûȫУû˵
ִɳ֥ر㣬ܲûƽҪԣǵӰпݸųԡ
Ӱгɿ飬ָӼ飬üȥ߼ֵܳζ
ܲͷ
ӰͺӳŵʱſڣӰúȥڡ
ȿܲɶԵģȻװ˵ҪӰꡢֵĻ֮ǰҲôװģһס
ߴˣһְƯûһǱﲻһĵżҵģû°ɣզ˵ӪҵìܣӪҵĽҽһҪǮⲻǮɣ
Ӱɲģʮ֮**ǿЦЩ˲ֱﲻһλģӰԱһȵǿ˳ۼ֡
˵ȹӣżҵģ˵Ӿɹ˳ܲǺǣԺԺǰ;զ죿ǰЩҸջ˵ɶˣ빧ϲأ뵽ôù
˵⻰ʱֻЦѹڲסզһֱػǲǹⲻػ
ȹĲ˳ʺӰ޿̣żҵģԱ˳û¸ϹҼ£ɶ£ղôǸ棬ϸŸҪզˣҶ֣Ҳҽң˸˵ҼҲȱǵ⳥Ǯ
ӰҪ֣ŵˣæҴˡ
ʮùӪҵıȥҽǱӰꡢһָͷ붼۵ûš
ӰչȥɹӣûִӰΪҲ磬ޱȥš
ţſվﴺҲӪҵģӪҵһС
Ӱæ˽ӪҵĲôžţôɶ
ﴺҲǵһ¼ңӰ˱ˮﴺ֮ǰ͵ģɶֵǮĶӳζ


178 
ﴺ¼˻˱ˮ˵ԼһȥҽҿԼ״
˵Ȼһָ۲û,ǻ˲Ǯ
ԭͿ뿪ҽˣҽҼ뿪ҪǮ,˵Ҫһٿ顣
һٿʵ̫࣬Ҫ֪һ¹ʲŲʮһٿöһǮ
ﴺЩͬ鿴żҵģȰȥҽҿ˵Ǹ,Ҳ⳥ô࣬Ҵ»СС»ˡ
ӰһҪһٿ飬Ц
Һǣ˵ҥԻûĵǣǮҲν,ɽһ絽ǣ˵ҥ,ӰֻզûٶȶԷ,˵˵ࡣ
һëǮûš
ﴺȰ˼,żҵĲΪҲö˵ɶ,׸ϱ죬˻˸ߡ
Ӱûȥҽҿ,ȴͦӪҵ,ȥӺ,ҪûӪҵĻҺӣҺʮ֮**ñ۸ĸҡ
˳ʱ,ӰԺпտԶ档
ӪҵģӰԺӼɹ죬,ǰЩϸ꣬˵¾¡
ɹʱ򣬳ܲӸ߼һܵӰСβͣܿɳ꣬ϴֺܹӰǰܺ󣬰æɹ졣
Ӱúһ棬ܲûű쵽Ժɹ
Щص߽أܲĿ꣬۵СͨͨģӰûɶȫУҲûܾӺ⡣
Ӱɹñ죬·мСһԴ£ǰ뱧ʣôȥ߼棿
ܲСҡͷСʯӱʾȥ
ãȥͲȥǵȻСȥβݣ
Ҳ˵أտʼֵأӸߴɩ֪ھҼһֵء
Ȼ˵ÿйƱе˼˿ڶֵ࣬ء
ϾڼҼһţ˭Ҳ࣬ӰҲ˵أзݹֻ˼ֵء
ڼҶûզֹصӰҺ˰ķأƽ֣ݾͳɡ
ܲ˵ͷ˵á
Ӱȥ·߼ҵʱ򣬱߼ֵܡס
־ܵ죬òһ̡ǣסܲʣܵܣ۸ղĺúõģզͻȻȥˣ
ղ׽Բأ־ˣ˰춼ûҵ֪ܲԼԺˡ
ԶҲߴߴʳܲ
ܲ䵭ʾˣҪȥβݡ
βɶģȵʾеأȥιݣرۣһ㲻档
߼ֵ֮ǰûٰߴɩɻҲ׷ױʾβݲرۡ
ߴߴ˵Ӱһ㲻ӷͦȤǿӻԸԼҺ֣ûԵӰ죬Ҳʱ˿
ܲҪȥβݲ棬ҲŲۣ
ԶʱߵӰǰסСԴ̣ղϴҳԵĶɶզôóԣ߯ˣڻģ̣ҪҪһţ
־ֵȻǵ̫ܵҲʮͬղųܸܲܵõɶԵ̫óˣ
ǴûԹôóԵĶϴγԵƬԡ
ֵܸĽܲ
еܣ㶼ˢ϶ģ̲Ųţ
ܲеûȫУԸԶ̫׽ӰԶ֣Լ˱סСһСһ˵ġ
ԶĻţûܲľٶֵ֣ܳӰͦȤġ
ղҲɳζⰮԣҲߵӰǰܸܲզԺöࡣ
ɳִζˮܲС̫ˡ
զôóԵģ
ܲı鲻Ҫ̫Ľ
ӰͬС󣬳͸߼ֵܱʾѧţе͡
һͼСˣ߼ֵܸҲҲѧóԵɳǣһͣ־ȴ⣬ѵ˶᲻ã˵͸óԵġ
ԶǻóԵġ
СҲЩüͷӰֱ֣
Ӱû֣ͬԼҺӼҪȥݣͬ˵˻ỰӾߡ
һ·ܲͻȻСͿˣһˢҪҪһţ
Ӱ
С϶ˣɺˣҪҪһ£ܲ˵Сͷ˵ֻ󣡡
ɰӰһͿ红ԸС˰СܲС˿¶һĵЦݡ
һһС鲻ȥβݣָͷҽҵĲ
˿߳ϱզ۸Ҳû˿ߺͲġ
Ӱڲһְһָˣָϵʱ򣬲
ʵû뵽ӰŮ˾Ȼô񶾣
γ¼ҲһٿǮ˽ᡣ
ҽңһƵŮҽӰզ񶾣ŮҽҲ߷߲ƽȥҽҩҩʱͬ±ԹôȢ˸ôݶŮˣ
ͬ²ͬͱ˵£µզ£ܹһ˵Ƭ֮ʡ
ȴҾӪҵͦģһϧʾôݶŮͬ־ʵ䲻ϳš
ĲӪȴ뿪ҽңʮҽҩѣʾȻȥ¼ҵǸг㡣
Ϣֻ
ų¼ǮǸҽҩѣƾɶ˱ĻҪӰǸ
ķζըѪ߿޿䡣
Ӫˣҹ̸
յ֪ϱȥҽһָҲϣ֪ǳϱµ֣ϱһֱ߳ϱզ񶾣Ӫֻϱһ֮ʣҲóϱ߯ݶԳϱʮûøС
ȽŪ嵽զ£֪ϱȴ˳ܲǺһƣҿñӸͷϡ
ӪʮզֶɣɾȴĹ涨ҿñӣϱһҿñӣӪ˶û
ֲզ£ϱֻ޲˵龭
ֵĻҪȥʦǱߣʰӪûɶؼʱڣϱǰ;ҪȥǸ
Ӱٽ˲ݴӻӪڳ¼Ժá
Ӫ˵أɫҵʮѿ׵Ŀɱȳܲضˡ
֪Ӱ˶
ϣûˣСϱɶҪ˵˵Ȼȥˡ
ʶȤˣӪ˿
ӰͬŴкúȽԼԺӡ
Ȼ˳¼ſڣӪûбŤŤʮ̹ȻϱǸʾҲǰϱĴҲɶҽҩѣϱʱҥԣϣ´»СС»ˣֻҪƽ¾ͳɡ
ӪǸ̬ͦӰͦкøУǲӪһǸĻһѿؿڣһҪεģ


179 
ʦ,ôˣҼҵǸôôһ仰˵ûɶ⣬Ӱ¶Цݹ̼ˡ
֮¼ҵǸǱǿƴ,ѹû׿ڵǸ
Ȼ˳ܲһ,ӰһƿԶܲǰض,һָ,ڶˡ
ֻ۵ҽҩѻ˴ʮǮ,¼ҾȻһǮ
ȳܲǰ,ʵǳԿ̫,ƾɶǸƾɶ¼ҲǮ
ƫƫӰȻ˱˻Եô߻Ǹؿ,ɫͨ졣
ƫƫԷװģ˵Ӫû뵽ôˣɱϾµ˲ǲʦ,ʦ׼ɶʱҺҼҺӵǸҲǲ,ֻҪ㵱ҵǸг㣬Ҽ,۾ôˡ
ӰЦʮ֡,Ǹ,̣ĸβըˡ
ѿڶƾɶǸӪһ,ֻܱѻʻضؿڱһϲ²ȥָҲۣһǸֶ²
ӪɫЩƫƫӰһƽû£ʦҪǸǸҲɣɶʱ˾ͳɣ˵߳ӪòʦǸҲΪˣҲ뿴ʦĳ⣬˵Ǹôһֲ˵ôƳĳ⣿ӪĳƼˣҲʮ飡
Ӫ֮ǰóϱô߹Ϊˣʮ֡ļӪһ֮ǰĶУǶвٺøС
˵Ƥ˵Ĺ۸ʮҪӰ༫ã˵ĻʱҲʮкøС
Ӫͷһؾһϱզ£Ȼ¼ҵĴŻϵǸŤŤǲǴô
ӪһʧҲûɶģòǸ
Ӳ޸ˣһֱƽĽﻨɶʱ񿴹ۼ˻һͿӰĲԴ˵һѪ嵽š
˳Ӱզô£ؿŭǰһڣ˹ȥ
߼ԺӣŽݣӳĸߴɩӪϱû
ߴɩȥɻһ·ҲϲһֽҽԺҪǮ£Լܲ⺢ǣŵɹԡ
ȥӵզ£ֻԼ˵զ£
˿иյ֪ӴӻˣӪҲ⣬ߴɩæһǲˣ
ҹϵƽռãߴɩʮֵӴӳԿæȥơ
סϹĸɶ΢٣ܿģӪϱŵǸҲģСҪǸҵò磬ܷŹô
ֵʱ򣬵ûɶ£Ӫҵ̫СԼԼ˹ȥ
Ӫ˼Ҵұˡ
Ų²Ӧûɶ¡
Ҹ¼ҹϵãСûռüұˡ
ղȻӪûҵ£ҲĵóԿվſڶأ
ɶû£ӪҵˣԼԼզ£ߴɩһ¡
һǰһΪСϱȢҲ˾Ц˵Ҳ۾Ҳã֪ҲǸʡ͵ĵƣ߯СȷżҵĻأ
զ£զ£Ͻ˵˵ߴɩæʡ
Ѿӳſе֪ҷɶ¡
ŵĻʮţ˼˵ìܵʱ򣬾£Լ࣬û˵һ㲻ãֻ˵ӪҵզΪһСìܴܲǺһԼҿñŭõ¡
ƽʱʮƲҿñӵаٶӪҵһһ꺢ӵҿñӣ⻹ҪҪˣ
һ˻˼ӣ
ӪҵȫҪˣԵǺӵĳ̶ȣӪҵƴŹȥ
컹ͦͬӪҵҽ֪ʮƲӪҵġ
ּСӪҵĽǸһǸĻ˵С΢ԸԸˡ
ϱԺӪҵԶ㣬Цصɵҿǲ
ÿܲ⺢ڼľҪ棬Ӫҵһܲ⺢Ժӻܺã
Ű򵥸ϱ˵֮󣬸ߴɩ֪զºҲʼӪҵզô۸СԼԼ
ңߴɩҲʮµԣھʵԺ˭Ҵ˸úӸҸܲ⺢棿
ҪӪҵĸôӣҲøƴ
ߴɩԽԽӪҵզôôСһҲ˼۳ܲǺӡ
ֲϳܲǺۼƲҲ˵ûþͻȥˣ
ߴɩصغԼСӵݣпҳܲ档
ҿ϶ϴ棡
˵ɶҿ϶ܲܵ棬棡־
Ҳ϶ܲܵ棬̿ɺˣ绹óܸܲܵúóԵģ򻹳߼˵ɶզóԣرִ࣬ûгԹôôóԵĶ
˵ֲˣԶ־ֵҲһĸԶĿˮˣߴߴ˵ɶɳóԣ
ߴɩ͸ӶһۣﶼԴӳ¼סǸڣСӿմ̫ˡ
ɶóԵûС͹
ѵ
һԷȺӳԹȥСԺ棬ӰۺԸ֣ͦջߣһ޹Ÿ˵ӪǸԼӪҵԸε¡
Ӱһ޹Լ˱ʾԼɶûû˵ߵһӪҵĽ첻ǸǸҲɣ뵽ͻȻˣ



180 
⼸캢ʮûȫ,ӰúӾ͸Ӽһ˯û
庢˯ʱ,Ӱܸо˿ͷƣ˿ڴ˼
ӰɿһԴӷ˵ӪǸε£˾һֱʱʱ
˵˲ɶΪ뺷ΰɣ
֮ǰӪ˵Щȷʵд̼˵˼,Ҳû뵽ô,ֻ˵˼䣬Ȼˡ
ʱԷεʱҲЩ,Ӧû,Ҳùˡ
Ⱥ˯,ӰҸɶ
ƹ£ӰɢͷһͷںŨܵ㷢,ĵĴɰ׵С⾫СɣһͿһ,˱ϡ
Ӱһ£˯ţҲûܾϣ˵ͳɤͷˣ
Ӱ,Լεģ
С˵ɶţ۵״Ц⣬ѵмֺ档
Ӱ˵ֻšһɶûʣΪûɶġ
ۼͻȻʣֻðӪŵǸզӪ˵Ļһһ˵ˡ
Ӱ޹ҾֻӪ˵˼䣬Ҳû˵ɶûΪˣ뵽˵ξͻȻˣ˵ӪҵҲһΪҵĻεģ
Ӱ˵һ޹СĻȴһ
ı۵Ц⣬ãΣϱСʵ̫˵ˡ
ӰҲСĻˣеߣɶЦģεģҵø𣿡
Ӱ˵ߵˣе㵣ô룡
֮ڶԲûһøУֻҪһ˾ȻҴҺӣĻ͵ĴСĺ˵ģ۵ģȫ۵ס
ⲻԾ΢Сϣ⽥ӰûвʾҪô룬Ĵȥ˯
䣬ס°͵ͷȶסĴӰզӪǸģͻȻе£ƿˡ
һ˿ҳֱ룬ûһ׵Ӱ
ۣû˵㸺𣡡˵ףᳵ·˷ѹ¡
ȥ˯ǲܵġ
ûһ󴲸֨
¼ߴŨŨ˯ǰҲ˵Ȥ£ߴȸϽϴ˯
᲻֪˼е⡣
е٣¶Ƥĥĥϴ
ǰžϱȷʵͦףɲ֪ǲ˶ԱȣŲϱƤеƣϷɫҲеƫƣ۵Щź
ƹˣ£Ů˶һ
Ÿհѹ£ȴûô£ֻ˵Ÿڳ¼ҷ¡
һֻһƼӪϳ¼鷳ʮ֮**ҪӰǮ¼ο϶ôѪˣ
ֻı̫ԣЩζµҲ˵㣺¼ҵ£ɶ£
û˳Ļе㲻һ϶ֵʾŴӾɹ϶˳ܲǺǣԺ϶ûɶǰ;Ȣũϱ
ﻰų¼һҵù÷Щ޿̣Ϲôĸɶ¼ҺôۼھӣҲûɶզ˼Һõ㣿
ɶҲ˼Һõ㣬ʵʵ˵ʵʵ˵дȼ˲˳ڳ¼˵ⲻҲˡ
ȻҲûɶˣҲᳳСԺСסڣһܣ϶òģȻɴ෭ǱӺ˯ûһ˯ţɰĹǺ
գӰӼϲԵͷƬ緹ģӺͷ
ӰͷƬʱ򣬳ܲɸƨɺץ½ǣŵζżͰͿ
ģӰЦ
ӰȼһƬͷƬ˰ѺӸȥˡ
ۣ˰뱧ߵʣ
˵˿ͦģͥڴе㲻˼˻˵־Ͳˡ
ʱ򣬳Ҳڻζϱϸϸóĵطһ㲻ȱ⣬ϲʱܸ
ӰһͷƬЩԣզûߣ
ˣȳȥˣ
Ӱô˵ȴûˡ
ӰһæͷûſڣӲſڣ˿ұ
ȴЩ⣬ǷſˣĽͷƬ̾˿
ҪҪͷƬӰʡ
ã
ǳɣȳȥûմ㣡Ӱ˵߷ͷƬ

˳ȥûãһͷƬˣػ𣬰ͷƬеϡ
еʱӰһ٣զ˽еͷһԺ󣬶ͷƬȥݳ緹
緹ʱӰһֱעаǼͷƬԡ
ܲԵĨ۾ӰĿ
ȴЩζǿϱԺӱȶ⣬һóе㲻ɶζ
Ӱϲ࣬ҲʳİȻûĺóԣҲζ
Ӱʱ򣬼ƵƵЩ֣ͷƬʱ˳Ҳ˼һ
𣬳Եĸ㣬緹һˬš
·߼ҵʱϸһ𣬸ŻƳǲɶ飿
զôã
һߣ˳ʣʾûɶ£
ų緹ʱŵڵЩʵøɶóԵģɰСӲˡ
ɫûɶʾ緹ԵʳͷϱصؼһͷƬ
˵ҺͷƬִ࣬ҲͦϲԵġ
һּͷƬĽŹɺӣĽ˻Ժ˿϶ôִţҲͲզĽˡ
˵ϱȻͦ٣ʱʱɶˣŻͦġ
ýϱզˣ˵ζͦõġⰮԡ
Ȱ˾ӺúûӣϽȻޡ
˵г£ζϱһİСŮ
˵ЩüӰѾ
ңίⲻģϸ˳ܣ˻Ӱѧѧ⻰ֱѣѪĶˡ
ôԽԽģԹ緹ӳţί϶ϱ
ί϶ϱ־꣬סͻȻʵӪҵģû°ɣ
־ʱ߿ɴ֣еͬ鿴
˼һתͻȻûɶˣǷ˲ҽҩѣ
ɶǳżҵĶôզó¼Ǯ־ʡ
ۿͻȻɰ־һ
Ựﻰң˵¼һǮԸ⣬ȥ¼ҵǸżҵĻΪ
ȴʮˣҲҵĴҲøӼƽϣֻǳ¼Ǻҿûɶ۸ˣ֮ǰûƳҲ̫嶯ˣ
־֮ǰͦͬᣬһ˲øӼƽϣֻͬˡ
ֶӹرȥ¼棬ǰЩźʹɩûٿżҵģ˵զզã߯ʵ˵ɶĺȢиˡ
־֮ǰŰɵģ˲ĻüͷһżҵĲͦģզһǮ⣿
˵̫ƽϣû£ҽҩѾʮ飡˵һ㲻ʮ飬ˡ
ƫƫ˵ö¼ңĲУΨһеĵôһǣ۵ĹֶӣԺɶǰ;
ʮ治٣־˻һⶼ¹ˡ
ҪԵó¼⡣
־ҲԳżҵĺͳ¼úûɶøˣĵżҵĶöãʮ֮**̫װģ
ôһ˽ָ̣¼úӽжã
ټϲñ¼ҶӴﻰʾʮ֮**ܳܲǹǣɹ
Ҫǲǣø¼Һͳܲǹӱ־롣
Ựί񣬻˵Ư־ҲЩˡ
Ȼȥȥ¼ҸǺ棬ûּңɩҲǣԼСǣ
˵˼仰־˽Ȼȥ
־걳Ӱϲ¶Цݡ
ʮ࣬ӰڼҴӣ˿ɳԸ߳Ա档
ûţӪҵҲﴺ
Ӱ˽ݡ
ʦûɣݵϵﴺЩģԼ
ﴺ۵׵СӰæﴺģ´ɱ˱ˮƽҲûɶ飬˵˶ѣʦԺпնҼ
ﴺܲǺԺԸ˶ͦ˵ģ˿ﴺĸãӰҲ˳۸
˵˻Ựﴺԥ˻ᣬܼҵ½ûֱʾһ·ʱ򣬺Ӫҵĸٴɩ˵˵ɶ˼䣬˳¼ҲһǮ¡
ʱӪҵۿͨ죬ͦġ
ﴺҽҩ÷ֵ㣬Լã
ﴺֱʾ񿴲ʦҷȥˣҪֵ̫ǣǰ;զ죿
Ӱû뵽ᾹȻҵһңȥܼҸ״Цȴ޹ôҼҲǮҲҲ⣬ӪʦҼҸҺͺӵǸһ˵ǮɲʦҲ˵ԼҳеҽҩѣĴ˵ҼһǮʵҺͺӵǸأ
ﴺЩȣɶӪǸˣ
ӰͷﴺȴӪҵզ˵㲻Ǯ
ӰʾԼҲ
ﴺȴĶһЩʮ֮**ӪҵļǺ޹ܻżҵ
Ҳðô˵мɶᡣ
˵Ҳö֣ڳ¼һߡ
ӰͳţﴺӰӳš
ңң
·˼ＸɩӣͼɩҲզ£ӪҵҽңզǮ
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֮ǰǻΪϱզ⻰ɶף
ӪӶȥ¼ŵǸˣ˭˭ܲ
Ӱ֮ǰȻӪҵһȻ۸ҼҺӣۺӣҸóеҲû㲻еҴǮʱӪҵԸŵǸ˵ҼһǮŹӪҵ̫飬ûɶҼǮ
Ӱ⻰üλɩԽȷռĿ϶Ӫҵġ
Ӱ˵ҶȷʵҲԣӪҵʵ̫۸ˣ˵ΪìܲԭɸҺһƵ£˵ҸҼҺҿñӣ˵ҺǣˣЩӲ֪أ۴һ֪ܲɶأЩҪ棬ܱ˵ģ
Ӱ˵أڵĻǣ
λɩ˿ⲻҲƼӰ߰۳ø⾫µĳܲͬ⺢ӣӪҵе̫ˡ
˵һ˸һӼƽϣȻһҿɶñӣֳżҵľȻӪҵĶ֡
Ӫҵοǻã
Ӱ˵ۿ΢죬һѻԺҿǲٸӪҵĶӴˣΪӵìܣһִܶҼҺӻҼҺҿñӣԺ˭ҿñզ죿ԺҪٵҲ֪Ҫҿɶñӣ
ҪǱ˼ҷ£ֻͬ飬һǣ浽Լ棬ⲻ˶롣
ⲻλɩǸղͬӰɵ⻰ɫ׷ױˣⲻ˶롣
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ҸղӪҵĻ˵Ưϸ˼˵¼ҵĲá
λɩҲɶģ᲻Ӫҵĸղ˵ôʮ֮**ǹܻ¼
˵ȥ¼ҵǸˣ˼ܻ¼
λɩԽԽӪҵǸǳﲻһƷģλɩǶԺӪҵƵߡ
Ӫҵܻܰ¼ϱ¼ҺҿñӣԺһǲ֪ɶʱҲԼҿñզ죿
λɩһĸղŶӪҵͬ飬ͬ鿴żҵĺͺǷ߷߲ƽ
ﵽĿģӰĲ٣͵֮ԵɹߣҲԸ˵ľûɶϵҪǣզܵҹҲǵģһӶǾ
λɩҲĻҲǣҪǳűǣܵ
Ӫҵҿñӵ˼̫ˣ
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¼򵥣λĵĴɩǷ׷״Ӧ
Ӱߣߵʱдɩۡ
ģûӪҵôģ֮ǰΪ¼ҲǮģԸģһ˻һҿñӣҲ
ɩҲӪҵǰϳ¼ҵǸˣתͷܻ¼ӪȢϱզôﲻһһΪǺõģ
ǣǰӪҵķ˾Цһͦòģ뵽ﲻһԺɲҶദ
Ӱʮ⣬ߣܲղŻСۿˣĴҴ½ǡ
ӰСԴզ
ܲҧ´˼ο´ҪǸŮˣõ۴УŲ۸
Ӹ߼Ҹ״һȥ
ʦһҸ¼˲ӡӰԺˣټϻôǣۣ͸ûɶϢˣ¥
ⲻԼղھûٸңԺ¼ھк
˵һӰ飬̫ˣ
ȥһ·ȥ·ϵɩǺʹкϧӦ
ƣû롣
ûõƼԶΧһȺɩ˵Щ߽
ɩǲ˵Ӱ˵˵ǰȥ¼ҵǸžĨڳ¼ңǲҪ˵Ʒּ̫ǳ֮ǰһҿñӣ˭֪Ժ󻹻˭ҿñӣ
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Ӱͦã绹죬ͳ̫ˣñɹ˺󣬸Լ档
þû棬Ͻһζʮֲ
ϴϳ棬Եĸ㡣
Ӱȥһˣܲ½ͻȻ߷߸״С壬СˣǸŮ˵ĴǸŮ˵ۼһ


181 
˽鵽,ûϱ޹һܲ״ɫ,е㼱ȥ
Ӱü,˽,Ҫʲô˳ָպá
űǰ̧°ͣϸС
Ӱһ,鲻һʱҲϱ޹ģ
ӰЩĪ,粻úóԷ,ɶ˲,أ
Ӱ˵,ȵȣ
ϸСǷп޹ĺۼ,Ӱһ£զˣ⿴ɶ
ˣɶʱ޵ģô£˳ʵ
Ӱ,һɻˡ
ŷſ,ܲ˵ˣӪҵ۸ˣ
˵⻰ʱޱ,ü⣬ѾôӪϱֻ
һ,ӰŻȻ׹Щ˼˵ԼȥɩңʾԼûޡ
զ,ûô
Ӱ䣬ƫƫܲܽСǿˣƼˣǸŮ˵ۼһ
ܲĹģС޲ҧһڣӰҭһ¡
ٿɫӰСһԴȥָ˱ʾûޡ
һһСϹģȥݳ԰
ûʣܲȴҧ´ҪõŮˣǻŮ۸С
Ӱӻָ˿һһСȥݳ԰
һ档
԰ʱ򣬳ܲҧСԺұ㣬ǸŮ۸㣡
֪ܲԼûǣС壬ҲͲǻŮˡ
ǻŮ˴ΪԼǣС壬ССߡ
ЩСɶرãܲ˲١
ӰһͿι˺һӰܲԵ㣬ͷԡ
ܲͷԵʱӰǰҲһιԡ
ӰЩ˼Щ΢죬ͷԣŴҴҰιˣԸԾͳɡ
һڳ緹ʳһᣬȥ˯
ܲ˯źӰҪݣϣ
Ӱ߹ȥ˱ϡ
ܣ˼˳ͻȻûޣ
˰ʵʮ档
Ӱ
Ӱػϱ°ͼ鿴ӰʮΣ֪ôһСզô⣿
Ҳ֪Ҫǲװ˵˿϶û꣬ӰֻðԼɩǴҵһһ˵ˡ
Ӱ˵ʱеС飬͵ɫӲüȫЦ⡣
ûޡӰӦǺˣ
Ҳûң˭Ӫҵĵۼһ⣬ҲܳһԼҺǰЩӵԣԶˣԺܹ鲻ã
ʵҲǣһԺԺ˭Ҵ˲ԸԼҺӸҺզ죿
Ӱ˵ĴҴң۵ȫЦ⣬ʾ˾ͳɡ
Ӱ뷨࣬ԶԺܹ鲻ãҲûϱôģϾ߼ֵܸܲĲ
ӵƷŵù
ܲ϶ȱǡ
ҪҪҲ˯ߣӰʡ
һ𣿡һϴ
Ӱ˫æס˲˯ô˵ˣҲʹһ˯ˡ
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˵ʱ򣬳ûҪӣϱû˼ӰѾŬҪŮ
ӴڻͷһأӰһš
˼Сʱٽʱ䣬´·
ڵĻǺŸӰȻкȴʮֲһˬ
þһЩ¡
ڱѻӰһû壬ֻƼǰӲļԼϵӡ
;ܲסҧġ
ӰЩ΢죬Щզôã
ڣڣʵеܲס
лӲǼʵѵۣеС
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֪۵ûĻӸһͷ£˵ῴһۡ
Ӱ
˴뿪ӰŻȻ˰һֱŲ뿪Ҫˣ
гܲӣ⺢ûɶȫУﲻôҪӣҪ˺ӣզ죿
ԺҲųǣ˼ǰ˳Ȼ
ڵʵеۣߺûѣҲ˯˻ᡣ
ܼңӶ԰ӡãвңҲûզš
Ҷ͸ˣе㷳˵£֪ĻΪж죿
쵹˵㣬еŰɣԳϱӡҲʮֲȻµģƽնͦ󷽵ģü˲ٺóԵĸҡ
Ҷ裬ҵ۱Һͣ˭֪˵Ǽ٣ҲӰˣ϶ɶᣡˣһ˵˳ܲǺǣŵԣ˵ɶϵ
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һܲ۰ɶпܸйأҲͬӪҵˡ
ҪǴӪҵ˵ģҲְϱôݣӪҵҲɶƲ硣
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˵ԴɹҶҲһֱҶ£Ըһ㲻ҶҲЩΡ
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ﴺӰĻһżұզ⣬ټͬ˽鼸껹ûкӣżҶǲ
ż֪Сõ¡
ӰȥˣҲ˿ȷֵӰ칫ˡ


182 
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Ӱ߽칫,˼ǳɫĳĳԲ죬ǰ΢,°ս㣬ĵϸȳ,ĸرʱ֡
˻ˣޱϴЦӦк,ȴⲻζ
߽,ޱõϱƤְһЩ,ƺһëףƤְ,ֺŨܵĺڷڶǰ,ëỤ̣̃ͦ촽΢죬˵ľ,ǳɫĳǳĵ˷·ᷢ⣬עĿ
ھĳޱҲƯŮˣûһڳܱȵõϱ
ģ,ǸѪõܻ,ҪȢˡ
ޱ룬ȴԽζõϱһƾ͹ĸ˳ֺá
ⲻԼҵޱԽƽ⣬֪Ǹöʼһ椾Ȼ޵ĻûǸöʼӹ̫˳ġ
ý㣡ӰۿýɶҲ˵,ǿԽԽ֣ͣ˵⿴ͦ˵ģҲûиоѺãӰֻÿڴա
ӰһڣޱҲ֪ԼٲˬҲܸõϱ
ޱЦݣȸ˵߰һСӵݹȥõϱڴժӣصͰ۶һˣȻӲֵɶǮأҲһ⡣
ϴγѪһ龫ͲԼһǣ᲻Щ
ӰΪýҪæ£ϴ龫ǣλ֪ͣڶξֻûý˱Ļ顣
Ϊ˵Լ棬˴ɵЩµ£ӰûһøС
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黰˭˵¸ɲ
Ȼ
ޱ۾𣬱ŷȵ⣬ɫһɨղŵĽӲڡ
ⲻޱ߿˵ԼӾӣӹĲһĿ࣬ڿˮûͷܲðؾ
Ӱüͷ΢ޱϰæϣæֵϱýԲ˿࣬ʵɽˮ񣬡ͣ˵Ĳãֱʾﻹ۸ʵûл·
ޱۿ᲻ͣңֻܰһЩӣؾˣֽ׫סӰ֣鼤ץסһԸ֣ܾĿƣִˡ
Ӱֱץʹ˦ޱ֣Ƭ̵ý㣬侲һЩæ˵æҲﲻˣ
ӰҲǿýسˣپܾ˽Ըʮ֮**Ǩŭһҡ
һʼ;ܾĸɴࡣ
ܾ󣬳ޱɫѿ˵Ϻãõϱղ˵һ˵ûﻥ˵ЩģѲͿڴﱻ۸Ͷ·Ҫǳˣô㣿ҪϰͷдһŸ֮ûæҲǲ鷳˼ңҲΪϱǸõģǰҿûϸǰ˵ûҪȻΪһũܼ޸õܣ
ޱв
Ӱý̶̼仰Ҫǲ֪ĻױŪӰý㣬ڹũһףզˣǿũˣҪʱһף
ñӣޱٲˬҲҴñӣҲ˳ȢũϱȫٺúŪ
ֻ޵õôûȢܵĶҪȢˣسǣһ仰顣
õȢܵĶ󣬻ǰŮɶ£
һũŮ˾Ȼ޵ĻãĻã첻ۡ
ޱµƿԣԽհָۣҲۣһƾûɹɶػޱＵֲƽ⡣
Ӱܾ÷λƲĴýʮǸ鷳²⣬Էһʼ磬ʮ֮**Ǵ˰سǵ⡣
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ޱҲܾ߾ǴűƳõܰɻسǣʮ˵㣬ķ㲻Ů֪˵иȥӣռ˱ˣֻܼˣĸҡ
ߺӰ˿һҲߣҲˡ
ɶʱѶԷϴ龫ЩȥһԷͷǻˣ
ҪǸõģܰҲͰһЩý㲻ɶƲ硣
ɲ鷳
뿪칫ңûﵽĿģޱԼѪϴԼ͵龫ǺͲԽԽڣԽԽۡ
֪Էɶﲻˣɶ龫ǡ
Ӱýɣ˵ģ
ޱҲᣬк
ǲʮӣȳޱӦǣӵӲùɣ
ޱɫ£ܿʾһĳҪܿ࣬Ӱũ޸õܺھӹıã⣬˵Ʈĵǡ
ޱλԷţõϱһ⣬ޱˮʶڣЩԵĶǿɤӵĴҪػ˯ǰݳ޸Լ͵͵ˮȡ
ԽԽƽ˵Ķʼɡ
ޱܲصģţҲϵЩʧ
ٽһŮ˿ûгżҵǸɶøɣҪզôװۣ
ޱʾӰ컨֦չ˲Ҫ
Ȣϱǵù
ҪԺ飬Խøʶ
֮ǰһ죬û뵽һֱ˼û飬Ҳƻ飡
ޱԭûᣬӰϰسǣޱ¶һ˿ЦͻȻõϱȷʵͦиģҪһũզܼ޽˾ң
ɶ˵ɶҡ⻰ȫס״Σһţ
ޱظһ飬ʵһҲͦõϱģõҪȢãҲͦиģ
˵⻰ޱߡ
ȴŵôľþ˵
ֲãֲʦԳôر׶ӻã
ʦϱӰȾԶȶһҪãʱʱȥܼңܼһ˶ԳһҾǱȶҺá
ᶼɸڸһǲ֪ŵݣԶԳ¼һر顣
ҪǸӰû֮ǰ˵ٲˬӰһ¹޵úãҲ˰ͽıһ
󣬲һӰĺãο޵ԶĺãԽץεĶʼɺͲ
ŵզ˾أ
ŵ˾ǹӲҲ˾Һӣ
ⲻԼ֮ǰĵ¼һҵ£޲ʹȥ
Ҫ֪ŵ˾Ůӽܲǹӡ
˵ŮԺҲܼ޽˾ң
ΨһοӰƺڳ¼Ҳϲ


183 
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Ӫûϼһ鲻,ϱ⻰ֻΪҪʲôҪ涮µ͸úúø¼ദ
ԼҹŮ,תͷ˻,кԷ
,ᷢɫûզƹ,Ըˮϴϴ֡
ĪͻͻԼҹŮ,˳æʣզˣǲǳɶ£
ӪԷҲȻᣬǲһֱ,ӪŰһ˵˳Ӫɸˣ
ɶôܣϢòǰһ󷢺ڡ
Ҫ֪˺Ӫһʱ򣬷ӶԼпܡ
ǲѹû˷۵,һ,ҪôȲˣΨһ˱ȵľﴺӪ
ӪӶСسũģӪҵԸΨΨŵŵԴҲ಻壬˵ˣ˺ȾѾˡ
뵽ȻӪһ˸ţ
ôӪզܣҲԲ·ˣ
Ҫ֪ǧѷĻ,ٲһԺ˵͵ˡ
ɶǰ;
ߵĲܵˣ
ܲˣӪҲܲʵѵЩԹҪܱң
Ӫûϼһʮ֮**Ϊϱ¼ҵ¡
Ͼھ໤ϱ˽֪¡
պʱӪҵĸżҵߵֽ
ǰһֱ˵ӪҵǸԴ಻ģڵǾȢԴ಻塣
ôǧѷһĻ಻ǻ£ӪֻںѪ
ӪҲ´Ҫٸ¼ҺҲùˣ
Ӫѵ÷ҲûһԺӾŵı飬ͽˡ
￴Թˣǰûй£˷ųɢľĻЩˣί飬һʱֻ೦ļ١
οյ֪Ÿ˾йϵⱳɱܼҴ̫ˣҿɵﲻ
զҸ˵˸ԹҪ顣
Ҫ飬Ǻϱզ죿
ǻ綼֤飬ҼɩݲݵǸ⣬ܹ飬ŮԿ
Ҳûһʮ֮**˳¼ңôһ룬Ҳĺˡ
ҲʱЪ˸ӰԵ˼ֻԼǰۣΪӪҵǸ治ģ뵽ֺ֪ͦóһҡ
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˵ɶˣļٺڵŻѪٲɶõ¡
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Ӱ˺òˣһһ˺ˡһܲŹ
ӰϸʳԣԱһһСȴԵ⡣
ֻܲԼڹ̫̫ҸˣԺŲҪ뿪СҪС׶ӣܲԵĹģСԵĨ͡
ӰʢһŹʢһŹϱǰȻŸܲʢһ롣
ȳܲܲŹǲ಻٣Ǹʢ󲿷ֶŹǣֻܲм顣
Ӱգգۣźӵ棬ƫĵĻ᲻̫ԣ
ǰһСЩԵ̫ˣⲹ塣
ܲСĻʾСûһ㲻ڸСԣڵС⣬壡
Ӱõĺܣɶ
ӰҪһһСԸԲù˵ղŽԺǰŸ˵ϱˣ
˵ĿƿϱӣʲȷŲõĻûУϱΪ¾ܲסϱ̫öಹ
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Զҳܲһ˯ȥ˸˯ӲŻݡ
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ͷ࣬رѸɣ֮ҲϴͷϴȽϷ㡣
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һûͿ᲻֪κεĶñ̹ˣڵ֪żҵĻк
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ȷʵŴ̼ˣְϱձߵķ˿ڶ¶һŸ𪾫µС
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Żأӽ黹һ꣬û۾ã˵ЩӳżҵĶҲжˣ
⻰Ȳ
ѵڻѹӰһѹڰͲӰһֱӣŻҪҪ
ⲻӰǽ壬Լﰵ˵岻
ŻͦͬϱòԶԶȲżҵģҲϱȽϺⲻޣ
żҵ壬ԺҲ֪òܻޡ
ͦͬĻͦˣ߼˵ŮòƯÿɶãؼûҪǳżҵԺӣŻҪҪ
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Ҹ¼ƽ̧ͷͷʱʱƼżҵģ˵ûȳżҵĻƯ־ˣο˼ܸɶ۳ţĽĲС
Լϱˣû˵
ȼ˲ӦĻˣȥϴˮ


184 
һڳԹ緹,ǰŸߣԺ죬ԺֵĳܲȥԺ,ƼȣܲҲš
ȻС,࣬ǴСܷСдŮ˾˵С,ܲһøҲû,ŲҪŮҡ
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Сд˴,ûøԶҲæȼӡ
Զ£ŮˣϴңŮ˽˵ܲʣϴ,˵ĶԲ
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һһְҪûҽ̡
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ʱˣһϲ²ȥˡ
ӰȵĽöſ϶ûɶ£ˣ뵽Էһֱ
ڻ,£ӰȥԺ棬ù¡
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ӣӰ˿ɲɶƲ磬֮ǰûٳԿǰĲ״ҲƵʮ˵һûӰǮӪҲˡ
Ҳȳŵһ¼ָܼҹϵ׽˼벻Ҹ¼˺ƤֻżҵģֲҲģ׻˵ԶײڣúúദǣϢ
˵꣬Լеµ˵һͨ
ӰֻСܲͷԴȥ棬ܴ˵¡
ܲŸԶȥһ֡
ȺһߣӰأŸ˵ˣѾ֪ˡ
ôզûңҲΣװģ
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Ů˰ģƯɶãҪĻܴڽӴҪ˺ӣҪɶ
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ӰԺ϶ϺӣĺҪ£ǿˡ
ӰҪŶٲˣ磬תͷһĻҸæԼܣǰٲϳ¼ҵţһӰʼ뺦զ죿
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ӰȻݣ̫ʵЩվסݺˮ
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Ӱԭֻһ䣬֪⺢ӾԵڿ㶵ģЩɵۡ
֪⺢Ӳҵ£оܶ˼ҵİԣӪӳˣ˭˭ҳˣìˣӰɵˡ
⺢զôܣ
СС;֪ġ
ԼСסܲͦСذ
СҪܵܣܲͻȻתӰЩмܲסȽȥˮǺס
СҲܵܣǸŮˣܲ
ȿȿȡ
ܲҲ뿪ˣССرãԺ˵ܵܣ϶ҲãҲа档
ܲʱͦĽ߼ֵܣر֣ܻܵԸһ˯
ʵͦͻȻ˺ӣԼҺûаȫлִ⻰Ӱѵ뺢ӵ£̽ʵô
ûҪŮҪˡ
ܲСᣬץץأò棬ϲޣҪܵܣ
ãһһСҪȫ෴㲻ˣҪˣ˳Ȼ
Ъһᣬѵпգ׼ȥܼ
ȥܼҵ·ϣһݴԣһͦϤŮܾз
ѧҿǹǲʡڲ֤飬ֻúù
ǰЩӲô˵ģҽֲ֮ǲܹѧЩܲˣºŮȽϿںպǰЩסԺ
ҽʶ˸յɹûõ
ŮҽԸ񲻴ϸģҽദЩӣû˾ʹ϶󣬷ѧܸоͦ⡣
ϾСѧҲһ£ɿڡ
ɿںȥ쵼Ǳߴ˽鱨档
ѧ뵽Լ鱨õͻȻܾ
ֻǶ̶̼ôͻȻ˵˵䣬֤ϾָܾʾΪ˺úùٴ
ѧʴ˴ʼûиԤ¡
˴Щӣѧô׷θ飬ʾúù֤Ե
ܾƼݴźӵӰ۵һţϳˡ
Ӱû˰ԣ׼ߣߵʱλŮҽж󻹲飬ҶҶҴλξҽʮ֮**ûɶϷˡ
ȴȥܼң˳׻ˣҴҼ߷ѧæǰˣЦʣӰȥܼ


185 
˵һȥ,бС
һ·ϣ˵Լѧ£ʾǾ쵼,̸󣬿ɲ÷쵼,Ÿѧ࿴
һЩӣԸ񲻺,ûɶ,ò,ܾˡ
˵ϸɫûɶ,Ҳ͸˼ﲻЩ
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ǰҶûɶиֻǸģͬ˻¡
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¥ǰͻȻһӰղŵܱܲ˵
˵ʵʵ˵ô࣬ûж룬˵ô̲࣬סˡ
Ӱζһۣһ޹ͬ־Լ£ܸҶ˵ɶ
һӰֻǿϧˣ֮ǰҶ㻹ҶҴأ뵽ͬ־ôһҵҵŮҽΪ˹󶼲ң

ͬ־ģȻҶҪôҶҴ㣬ҪܾˣҰ㣬ͬ־Ժúùˣ¥ɣ
Ӱ¥Щɵ۵æϣɫͨ죬һ˵ɶһҲֻۿӰȽܼҡ
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ͲСˣиĺʱʱ£ҶⲻЩϻô
ʶ΢ߴͷͬҲܾĬͬ⣬ӰͻȻҶ㣬ͬ־ղ¥»˵Ҷֻúùأ
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ֱп˵ӰҶ˵ɶҧҧȴӳ飬ֻҪҶи飬һӰֹ޽Ҷҡ
һֱҶһֱûȢŮˣ϶ôһ룬ŲʱҶܾӰ˵ûʱֻúù
϶¾ôˣҶһʧҲöǿ
࿴ҶҲûˡ
;ߡ
Ҷʧ뿪ӰԹ֮ǰΪνҴ绹˼أˣ
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ҶԼҴҲ˲ҲӢͥҲиۣʮֲ
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ӰȰ˼䣬ҶŰһ㡣
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ⲻ̸ۼ޵ˡ
Ϊ£ҶһֱЩΡ
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ܾҪҶҴˣԺҶίҿɱɶĵӹ
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һҶҴλͬ־ɶ飬һҲõˡ
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Ҷſڡ
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һҲҶҵ£ѵ÷Ҿðϱ˵û࿴£Ҳ̫֮ǵզ룬ͷİ컵£ʱҪͬ⣬˼Ůͬ־զ죿ͬ־ƤŮͬ־Ҫ档
⻰ǳҶϵ˼Ъˡ
һߣӭůͷӰԼҷߣ߱߿ԼҺӿ㶵ĹĹĵĻǡ
ãÿȥܼңСһ㶵ǹĹĵġ
ò˵Ӷ⺢治
ܲͳһżιӰߣСԣ
ҲԣԸԣӰ߻رʺɶ
⣡ܲѿڶֻܿأСҶԣСҿϲ
С
ӰѰ˼ϺӦͦģ˺ܶκջϺûϺϺ˺ͺʮ֮**ԡ
ӰɶʱȥһϺһЩϻؼҳԡ
·߼ң߼ֵ֣ӰҲźӣźӽȥ棬Ȼ߼Ҫ緹ˣԸؼҳ緹
͵ĺӶͻ棬ܲҲ⣬߼ֵܵˡ
ܲͷܽȥ֮ǰŴ۾ͻȻСҲˣܵܣۼʡǮܵܣ
Ӱ


186 
,ӰڳԺͻȻһ˷ܵļУȻǼߴߴ˵
û,ڸߴɩԼСӻȥˣŹץ,־ֵһĽܻؼҡ
СҲֵһ뿪¼ҡ
߼ֵܱܻؼұߴԼҵ£ץֻرʵ
򣺡̫ˣ
Զϴ
Ӱɶ
һ,ػæ,Ժ˿ȶ,÷ӵļ
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뵽⣬ܲʿˮ绹˵Ļˡ
ӰʧЦԼץҲͦ,Ͼѵá
صȥۣȷԼץֻرʵӣ۾Ҳġ
ʶһ,Ҳû뵽ֻϱô,ͦãӲºͲ٣ôˣ
ѵⲻ˲Ź֣
Ӱʣ˳˿࣬Ҳմ˲࣬æϽȥϴ,ϴ˲Գˡ
ɣ
һԷ󣬳ϵĲĿ΢٣˸ȫˣϱֻ׵ҲԼϱ˲ٵԼˡ
ӰůģҲԼ˼˲ˣʳһһˡ
ܲŷ˷ŷӣСϺóۼòã
ӰЦŴ˴Ĺĵʣ㲻˵ۼҵʡǮˣ
СץģҪǮܲ
ô£
ӵզץģ
ͬʣȻرʾ첿Ұѵʱںɽץֻӡ
Լ£Ӱȴ۾ġ
ԣܲرԼС壬ķæСղŸԶ˵ֻСץˣ˶ûץղŸԶСۼҿĽˣ
ѽ
զô
֮ǰΡ񡯵ӣȫָοɲһȫʵ
ָһֱ˵Լֺá
ӰĿ̫۷Ź⣬ǰһϲɫ˿Щ˼ϾȥϱҰһΣҰϱҲ񡯹Ρ
֮ϱ
תƻ⣬ʣʡǮô£
ϱҪʡǮûڸϱಹޡ
ӰأܲȵС壬СҪܵܣҪãԶղŸ˵ˣܵϷǮۼҪʡǮٳ⣡
ҪСһֱץӾͺвҪǮѳԡ
Ӱ֪ԼҺҪܵܣû뵽С󣬾Ȼʸߴɩ
Ӱպһˮ㱻Ǻס
ǳܲⲻִϱе̬óʮ⣬ڹŮСӣȻƫϱһĹŮ
֮СûٹϵøСۡ
һڼǰԺһܲȥϴ裬ӰҲȥϴ衣
ϴ󣬵ȳܲȥ˯ϱϴŬޡ
ѹʱӰֻѹɽ
֤˿һ֮꣬ǰһֱΪԼȻԸˣ˷ƵҲѾӦˡ
뵽ǰԷѹûʹȫⲻһþʵЩܲסľ͸һ
һΣӰѾЩܲסȫǺɴϣ˫ֵǰ˵ҲûУҪ
һ˿ЦҲȣˣ¡Ųţմʪĺڷ¶һŰ𪾫̺һͿͷףһ˿Цôˣ
ûɶƫĵĻӰȴöԷڳЦһں۵ĸɶһ˷һˬЩˬ
ϲϱϰֻƤ΢ЦϱӣϱԺಹʲôʲôò˶ܲСУԺﷹҲʡţͺӡ
ΪԼĹŮϱЪһᣬ˼Ŭޡ
¼ŬޣڷȴЩ
Ȱ֪ӰץֻӣԼһëûץⲻˬطͷˣԼզôûã
޸ôãһⶼûԹ
ȻҲû뵽ôղŶֻгץˡ
˵ǾõģץֻҰãȻȻҲеۺ죬Ҳͦġ
զôأ
ֲֻûץţëҲûأֺץҰɶ취Ȼ
ȾǲˬӰѹһô˵ˡ
ÿȻ֪ԼϱˣԼҲԱ˯ţҪݶƷ
󷽲ȻЭʾҪʵ⣬ȥ¼һǮԡ
ƾɶۼҪǮӰǸۼ⣬Ҷҳԣ˵ȵ巽űʾӰڿɶʼˣϴλ뺦ĺ
ⲻ뵽Ӱûʮ֮**Լأźࡣ
ȻѹûԼĻֻ̫ɴͷ˯
ȻŻеĻʹȥҷĸҪ˽Ǯ֪û˵ѾףƶƲָ׸ϡ
һ¹ȥڣӰϼûô˯þҺð˯˻
֪Щǲ챻󣬳ЩڣüЩƣ룬ƤԽã۰͸ź죬񺬰ŵҩü۱Ļۣ˲Ҷơ
ЩûӰĸߴɩпϱȢĿɣûȳϱû־Ưġ
ǰЩӣߴɩæĻ˿ڶ࣬ҲֵĶ࣬Ȼе¶ûգⲻѵпԼԺſڰӰгҪš
ߴɩæסȥ
ɩӣҴȥһ˿ɶģӰأʵȥûСϺ
ȥûƼȥʮơ
ߴɩ֪뵽ɶƣִɫûô˯ãʶҲΪȻиѹ̫Щܲһֱ˵СҪܵܣʮ֮**ҲҪˣԼϸ˵ԴȻУûڳǰ˵¡
ߴɩӰǲӴҪˣ
ⲻЩľҪŮˣӰûзϡ
ߴɩΪȻ̫֮ȻͬӸϽҪӣɱϾӸ»鲻һ꣬еϱҲҲ
ߴɩȰһ䣬ͻȻɩи޵ƫҪСӣ
ӰΪߴɩҪɶƫߴɩ߽ʲôˡܻУӰյʱ죬ȸߴɩ˵꣬æ˸ﳵߡ


187 
ʮҲͱȥԶСʱ·̡
Ӱߴɩ˵ϺҲ˳,պҲϴγޱ͵龫ǺͲһԷ
λý㲻ɶƲ磬ɲɶ鷳
һСʱ̣ʮ,Ӱȸ˴֪ʲôʱ¹
ͻȻ˸ף໹ô־,˶զƣæĸŮҲ۷׷,֮ǰǻøմӳļŮ֪೤๻־,СﾫµĳȫѳＸŮ֪ѹȥ,ɫŮ֪Ҳûô׵ģ׵Ļ۵Ľ
˴֪ص,Ӱг֪㷽ȥ
ʮ֪ҺǱߵ֪㻹ª߶ļ䷿,ɫǽɹѳ϶
Χżªդ
Ѿ֪¹ӰٽջŮ֪ࡣ
λͬ־ʳޱͬ־ôӰʡ
˵ҲɣӰﴺ,ϳӰ׽ϣǳϱɣզ֪ˣ
ʱһĽʼɺ޿Ӱ,ĺ,󻹴һֱ
ֱ˵һٿǮϣ죬ϱզôиɱиˡ
ȥ֮ǰĽʼɵľˣ˴ȴôһˡ
ھһ,Ľľǰλϱˡ
һرƯһģզܼ޸رбµĳų
һֱ㶼ܼ޸ˣզҲ޸бµˣ
ڴﵱ֪ʵڲ£ǰֻռˣڴɶʱȥܸбĵ
ǣӰһʱûϳˣ˵ﴺ㣬ӰϳˣϸǰŮ֪ȷʵӪҵм񣬲ӪҵԲӪҵǹϳеȸߣƤЩ⣬ȷʵмɫɱӪҵľˡ
ųϱ˾α򻹸ߣͬ¹ϵҪ׽˵Ҳܸܰö
ʱӰڣڵ˶Щмܲס
ϱޱͬ־ˣզʶɶˣ
ʵޱϵͦһ㣬رƲ߳ޱһװģǳޱŮ֪Ưһ֪ûڣɰʼɵĲС
Ӱ鷳Ȼϵ˵֪ޱڣúڲڵסæתһ¡
ɳɳɣһתҽǸ˵رաһҲò˼ӰƿƼ龫ǺͲӶҪɳˣ۲ĲС
ԱߵŮ֪ƼĶҲ۲ĲУֱ̿ˮ
Դ磬ıȼ磬ԵıȴҾЩĻеҾһֻܿдӲɡ
һԵŮ֪ͦʼɳޱģϱޱɶϵզô󷽣
Ӱ
֪ģӰڵĶǳޱͬ־Լģ֮ǰҼҸ˼죡ǰתʱ֪һͳɡ
ȻӪҵòףиŮ֪ŶţӦòڱû¡
Ů֪ȻȴıȽ϶ˣЩ϶ǳޱȥϱڵģⲻ⼸죬Ӫҵߵر
ʮ֮**ھóϱӪҵĸھܸöⲻҪöô
æ֧ߵŮ֪࣬ߺæЩޱҲӪҵߵر˵һͨҲ֪ޱҲӪҵɶڣⲻ⼸ӪҵʱʱˣޱҲʱʱװȥȥˣϱûȥأ
ӰأͼӴױʾޱرڻرװˣЩͬ־æɣԼɶҲɡ
ԣǧܸޱܺö
˶Ӱ˴ƽȥ˼ҡ
պڣҳץϺݡ
ݺϺͷͦһСͰء
ϺһȥУóִζһûԹ˼һ治֪զŶĻã֮ҲûϺˣҲûץϺˡ
ҲɣＸӵƤץһСͰϺ
뵽ֳȵϺܻǮɰһӸ˵ĹǺӸֵĲС
ҲϳӰ֮ǰ̯˺öǸˡ
Դ̯Ӷùˡ
ӰһͰϺһͰݣŪξͲˡ
һͰϺӰļǮһͰ2ëһͰһǮɰһӶֻˡ
˿ץϺֲ£һСͰϺСʱ£ֱǼǮɱȵɻ׶ˣҪ֪ڴһ׳ûûҹĻҲʮ֡
˻ʮּ¸ҪҪʱüＸȥץ
Ӱ룬ϺżԿԣԿɲɣ˼ＸӰͰοӰɴ¸аɣһͰ
ɣ
ﳵؾʱӰӪҵõĻ˼λýͻȻߵر
߼һݳʱߴɩͻȻԼ˵ø»һ˰ɣզƤûɻСһĺܣ
ðŮ˵£߼ֵȴͦȤģ߰Ƿ
ȥȥȥСɶߴɩæСӸȥԼԺ߳Աˣ
СӶ˷ЦߴɩֵҪˣһ˵ãҲûϣ
ҪͦãƳҲˣԴȻк󣬷ûڲ˵˵ǣֵĴҶ֪żҵĻе£ŹҲѵܴ̼Ľ۲Ҫˡ
ᵽţߴɩⲻҲ뵽ȣԴӻкȿûھɩǺǰ˵Լе¡
ղʱ򣬻صصǰ˵Լرģ컹ڿȥɽժ÷ԡ
ЩҲˣʵЩﻹʾԼǽ岻
⻰û˵ˡ
Ӱ˺òˣ⣬ӡϲ˵ˣܲˣͷ󺹻ؼƼˣܲüЦģû
۵СģӰ̿
СɷǮˣۼԺҪܵܵġܲСģ̾
ӰȤһ䣺ҪۼԺԶ̲ˣ
ܲŵæҡͷתͷסӰЦҲ֪СЦ
ӼСҲ֪ҵķãСرóԣŲԶͷСһ١
ԺСӺϱĻȰµĹʼӽԼƱϽϱ
ÿ¹ʽǵ췢ӰϰߣǮƽճҪûҪʾԼƽʱûɶǮ߿ʡǮѧߴɩ̲ˣ

Ӱ


188 
Ҷ𣡡,ϱϸ֫ʱظһ顣
Ӱڵͨͨڱʣһû,Ψһ˼ߴɩġƫ¡
ѹỵ́ʦͨ,رã
ھϣ˸Ͻ
ԴӸȻУʲôо档
ÿڵȥ
ӰΪ˻һ,û뵽˽ֻһξͰ֡
ɾֻһ,Ҳû,ӰڵĹǺ,Ƚ˻,̱ڴʹһ㾢
ڻʪĳ£¶һŰ̺ľĿת,ôƲƵģرϲϱģ
ˣ꣬ɤȴɵͳ,
Ӱ۵,˯ʵˣſؿ˯Ȳָ΢ĵСϣӰæס,ۣҪˣ˯
ȻҲͬⱸУҲ춼ڣԴӸȻû˯һþҲ粹
Ҫһڿֻʮӣѹվס
ÿѵÿ󣬻ô?
ǱȲˡ
ӰôȥУ˯⣬۸Уôû˯ɲɡ
һϢ죡
ϱģѹмܲסס°ͣͷȶסĴ˰ڻס
꣬ɲٲǹ߻æƿˡ
Ӱʱ򣬶һ仰û˵ͶƣԾе顣
ο˸ϽʡϻһǮûӰûɶֻһʾԺһϢһ
Ժ㣿
ӰҪӻֻ
Щһ㣬ԴӪź˶̬ȸ䵭ÿǵͷ˯ҲҲǣĻᶼûУҲ֪Թˡ
ҺҲ˾ҴϹϵˣԺܰˡ
֪ݣΪԼǮ;ûӰͷ
ͬӰ˺Էһοڳ¼Ҳܴ
ȥӰϹϵǻޱ׽Ϲϵ
λ˾ôǳޱ״󲮣ɱӰܴĶϱöˡ
ޱϵˣԺǮ;ܲã
ôһ룬Ĳ٣ҲЩޱǱĺôֵ
һȥתһ¹ȥ
Ӱ컹磬˺ӶûأѲȹǰЩժ÷ϴˡ
÷ͷֱͦеᣬӺ˶ԣͦԣҲûᡣ
ϴ˰÷ݳԡ
ڷͻȻһҵԴȻк󣬷Сǳе£ûСܺܿܺãӰҲû¡
ηԽԽңãߴɩӵȰ
ңȴŷǰһûժ÷³ߴɩȴЩ顣
ǰصһ÷ԼСӳԣһˮλֻ˴÷
Сӳ÷ʱ򣬱Ƽ˵Լаᣬû÷ߴɩҲ˳һ˵ǳŸժġ
뵽ȴ÷С¸֣
ߴɩȻк㲲٣͸һ˼Σɫر㲡
ߴɩǹˣҲ£ãӣûզڣȵЩˣæο÷Ҫпȥɽժ÷οοˣ
ŸվһѵؼúϢԸأ뵽ϱô֣
ڿʱҪȥɽժ÷
ĸҲû뵽ϱôӱϾޣĸҲֻȰԼȥɽժ÷
ӺòȰܣȻȥߴɩţȴֹզк󣬸ţǼϲӱˡ
ԼӲúùãר˱ɶã
˵ֻҪűȣҲɱȾ󲿷˶ϱأҲҲ
ҵôѾиˣҲвɩӡСĽ
զ쾢Ÿڳ
ҪǷŲȥˣ೦ӣ
ߴɩֹأӽԺŵʱøĳ档
ߴɩƼץֻҰӵʱԲզզץҰζˣ
ɩӣӴк
ɽץģߴɩ۲Ҳ۲Щɶ⣬ֺզͻȻϲɽˡ
ߴɩʮŽϲɽ겻ץҰζӲ壬۲šһѣ۵ĸֱȥ˺ɽզһëëţ
ӽôãҲû׹ɶڣˡ
˵˻ʸߴɩܲǲǻ棬æһԼԺߡ
ɣ
˵ҲЩĽӸˡ
ϱûô۵ģ
ӻû޾ôۣԺ޵զ
ӿǼ޶ˡ
ԺҪɶԼ˸űȣаӹ
ôϱģҲͷһ
ܲСˣϽؼҳߴɩԺӺ󣬳ԼСֵͷ󺹵ĳܲ˵
ǰŸջԼԺӣܻܲؼңƼСץֻҰ˷ֱܵţС壬ۼҰ̫
ҪǸԶֵܺͷС֪СץҰˣ϶رĽ
ӰճС÷ץֻҰҲǸˣ۾ŹⶢҰ
úãֺ⾫
ϱı۵ףӲͣóá
ﷹˣȥϴ裡ӰãЦ棬ֻҰզԣȥϴ
ѵһ죬ȥ˺ɽࡣ
رϲϱЦģϴͷûʸɻʪĵˮΣüͷͷ
ӰָҰ
ֻȥϴ
ʧЦȥϴ֮ǰӳܲСӽֻҰզԣֻҰ˸㲹壬ֻϲô
ܲ


189 
ܲҰҪСû,Сզû˵Ļ
ܲץ
ȳˮȥԺϴ裬ܲҲţӰһ,ë
߼ֵĸˣǺ,СҲǺͮͮġ
ܲҲʮֹССָ߲³ԼС˵զֻҰ
ġ
,ǸСԻ
С,ҰϺóܲˮĴ۾Ӱ,ɰӰĲС
ӰʣϺòóԣ
ϸϺ÷,ͦɹġ
˺ͺӶʮְԣǳܲ,СϺζֱΪ
ϸ¸ճζ⺢Ϻ
ⲻӰһᵽϺܲԲ۾,۾Ź⣬æʿˮҰԺˡ
֪СϺ,ܲ˷ܼһ,뱧ԼС
Ӱϴ裬ɲϴ裬⺢ĻǺæˣɴԼһϴ裬ߵϴۼҾͿ
,ܲԼϹȻһóԵϺ˵üЦ۾ҲϺŲò˶öơ
ºӳϺеĵǣӰصظ˸Χţóܲ⺢ӳԡ
ɨϴϺ΢٣ӸղϴʱСӾ͵˵СԵϺ
ϴϱϺҲͦԵģû뵽ⶫҲܳԣζرãҲⶫ̫ʱѾ
ʾ´ҪⶫȸŪãֱͳɡ
æʱżӰ÷ѾԸӰȻͬⲻܾ
Ӱģ֪ԼһһСϲҲ˵
ðϺǣֻ˼ƹϳԣƹϴˬϺζ֭ζζҲǸⲻ
ϺûϴϺôζ㣬ӰͦóԵġ
ζô
ȳػܲæŻػرررóԣС
ܲ˵ر𡯣֪Ϻ⣬ñСϺϴĻ㻹óԡ
߻ر߳ԵͷҲ̧˵⺢ӰϺȻУɰĻͦġ
õϺմŨ΢֭·óԵĳܲͷҪˡ
ܲϲԼｽϺ֭ñĲˣԵ㣬ûһ뷹ףԼȥʢʢһ뷹
ӳԵ㣬ӰҲˣ⺢ӳ̫š
ܲԵ㣬ԵҲ㡣
ûûεĺӣϱϺԡ
ӰҲϲϺðϺǣ˸ϺԣӰͦԸԣιմ֭Ϻ⡣
кòˣ֭Ҳر·ʹӰ˲׷Ҳˡ
󣬳ȥϴ룬ܲŵô˼ãӰܲĹĵĶӣ߸죬Ժ߶߶
ܲ۵СӰճ˺òˣرá
СϺ㣡
СۼҵϺɺóҰ⻹óԣرر㣡
˯ǰˣ꺢ӣ̲ס⣬ϴ˯ˡ
ȳҴһѾ˯ŵŮˣҲΣϴ˱ڻ
ϣӰǱһѣã̫͸սյá
æ·߿ʱ䣬Ѿ˵룬ҲǾˣԼ˯ô
Щ磬˯Ҳ磬Ҳȫˡ
緹Ҳȥʳ
·ʱ˺ͺӹȻڼҡ
ӣڼҲߴɩԺ⴫
ӰæȥԺš
ߴɩûƳӰǼУߴɩҪȥȥУҪȥܲ
̳ȻвٲˣҲͦûȥУȥУզͣ
ӰȻͬ⡣
ߴɩԼʱϴ˵緹гţڸ߼ſڣȻԼҺӵ
Ȥʳܲأܲ緹ɶСɶóԵģҰû
߼ֵԡ
ûҰ⣬ԣ緹СȥʳģûСĺóԣܲ߸߼ֵ֣߻ظŵĻ
զȥʳ緹Сأ
ӰԼҺӸ˵С˵СررҳС
ŹЦ
ܿ죬ܲͯСÿθС˯ررۣС˯ҸСС˯رã˵ţܲίʾС岻С˯
Ӱ
βֹŹЦˣӳĸߴɩЦᶼҪˡ
ܲ⺢զôɰ
ⲻճԺţӰͬߴɩ棬Ӱεڸ϶ˡ
֪ǰЩǱڵĲУ⼸죬˯磬ûô⼸ˣԭڴ̫˯ˡ
Һøߴɩû˵ɶӰŸߴɩȥ
ߴɩں֪ƤûȤղŵ£˵Ȼк㲲ٵ¡
ųܵʱ˺üΣһЩƤҲƲ١
ߴɩżҵһ̥¹Ǻ
ӰԴϴǴƺ󣬾ûզȣ治֪Ҳûӣߴɩô˵һֱڱеӰҲЩġ
֪ģߴɩżҵҲټ
ߴɩԼ˵ԸСҲûզ£ӻеӣӱ
ǵϴʱˣʱڴ﹫ƫĵ컹Ҫµ֣ԵĲզãɻϴʱҲûզ
ߴɩøкܴϵȰӰƽնಹ
˵˻żҵĻе£ᵽץҰ¡
ҰζѵãصظץģӰȻԼҳԣߴɩȴֻҰζǮá
һֻݳˣҪץҰζֻֻԣȥлǮã
һûһ˵ģܿ쵽˼С
ߴɩҲҪ⣬Ȼ٣ɼʮ³Ըõġ
ӰҲͬߴɩһȥ̯⡣
ɵø硣
ߴɩ˰廨⡣
ҰζӰҲû⣬˵Ͱ͡
ͣӰˮƼԱ̯÷ġ
÷ͷûժĴ󣬲ɫͦġ
Ҳ֪Ϊɶͦ÷ⲻƼ÷Щ߲·պü÷ԵĲ࣬ӰԣпԸȥɽժ÷
λͬ־÷զ
÷Ǹ긾Ůæ˱ʾ´ɱһǮ
÷ɽеǣզǮⶫǮȻˣߴɩòֵ
ߴɩһţ÷ļֱܰᵹˣߴɩæӣ÷߯ˣ۾ɽժģ
ôҾûãӰ˼ţһ㲻ᣬԽԾԽóԡ
ߴɩ˵ɶͻȻ뵽ɶһתĿͻȻϣôᣬ˰ɣ
ߴɩزס£ôҲֱʳڣӣ㲻Ƕ˰ɣ


190 
ߴɩһ,ӰҲӵ쳣ỹر
ߴɩʮ֮**ӶˣȻؾ,Ͻȥҽơ
ҪˣĺϢ,ָզأ
÷긾ŮҲǸˣӰװһ´ɱ÷,ЦСϱ϶,׼ûһǻҲر𰮳ţ˸Сӣ
ߴɩҲͣû,׻˵Ů,ôᣬָСӡ
Ӱ
Ϊпܻ,ӰҲû˼伯У˵˾׼ؾ
ߴɩҲ᲻ûǮ˵ͼ鶹Ͳ࣬·̯ϡ
ߴɩ˼ۡ
᲻,ǰЩӼﾭԣҲԹˣθߴɩ̯϶Ϻ֡
ͷͦеϺߴɩǰڵҲ,û˳Թ,ߴɩ̲סʣⶫҲܳ
ϺӰʾϺȷʵܳԣֻҪ÷ϣζ
Ӱ˵զߴɩ̫鷳̫ûϺ
ճԹϺӰҲûϺһСͰݡ
ݸͷִ󣬱ȽϺ,Ҳࡣ
ߴɩԥһᣬûݡ
ݺɽҲأֻǸͷûô󣬵ʱԼҼСˣȥɽͳɡ
궫Ӱгظߴɩȥֻǻȥʱ򣬸ߴɩӣԸ·ȥ
ӰЦɩӣ⻳е»ûأ˵ҸҲû£ûȥɶ£
Ӱ˵˵ߴɩϺ
ȥʱ򣬸ߴɩһЩ״֪Խӻǰ϶£˵޵ľ顣
ҪͷµСģ£̥ˡ
Ӱﳵߴɩ˵ľ顣
һؾߴɩӰȥҽƣͲһȥԺ
ӰҲͬлߴɩˡ
ߴɩǸزסµˣ¼ƳͲ˻ԺʱƼպܻؼҵĳ̲ܲסܲСˣҪܵˣ˲
ܲ
ߴɩ˼ĿǳţǰЩ˿ûٸ˵ܷżҴ̼Ҫˡ
ߴɩܲ˵꣬ûסȥ˵
ûãɩǲ߰˰˶֪Ӱ¡
ӰȥҽҼһ·ϲɩǲǻˣ
Ӱ
ȵ֪ߴɩѾеµ˾֪ÿ滳ˣҪӾʹˡ
滳ˣˣ
ʣӰͻء
ǰЩһ˵żҵиأû뵽żҵҲи֤ûһ꣬Ӿжˣɩӵ
ǰЩ컰ɲô˵ģǰЩ㻹˵żҵƲµɩӹ
Ӱ
żҵģ⻰ɲ˵ģ˵ġλɩɫһæ͡
кĵɩ˵û޵Ƿżҵġ
ʱżҵ˵ĵټϳżҵòùãȷʵ׳Ҳˡ
뵽˼ôиô컳ˣ
ɩǰЩӷżҵϹЩԣָǷżҵզʼɳżҵġ
Ͼǰֲûй
δżҵĲԿ߯ˣ˼ɩǶԺǸżҵ
Ȼ֪ԼǰЩӿֶֶŮ׬ĺû˴롣
Ӱе´Ӹߴɩд⣬Ҳ˷ĸС
ϣĸ˵¡
ԼҶϱ͸СϱˣⶼǺ£ĸ˵ЩֻԼҶϱСϱ
ЩӣĸԸڳ¼Сϱ⣬ԼȢĶϱж಻⡣
ĸԼҶϱСϱѧʮ֣ѧ־ͳɡ
ûĸ⣬һԾæϢǼ٣
˷ĸĻЦĶϹԣżҵ뻳޿ɲɶ׵£
΢٣ֻܿɲ˵ģҶڴżҵĲأ
ԺӰӣ͸⳩죬ֻ䡣
Ժ졣
ҪȥţĸŮųԣԸȥԺš
⣬ܲСһˮ󼦵վ⡣
ƽǸ󷽵ӣԴ֪ԼеܵˣܲЩ᲻ðԼҶá
ܲٳãЩԲëŨ̡۾ִԲѱʱ۾͸׺ô˲Сƣɿ˵ʱ򣬷·ܿĵףһһ۾͸ϲ
ڴĸ˺ڲ൰СӣټϳܲС棬ĸرϲúõĳ֪ܲ¼СϱˣصԼŮԡ
ĸ˵¼СϱæȥС
ֻȴһԳ˵żҵҪ˺ӣԺզ죿
Ժżҵӿɲùϣ
뵽δӰҵ³Цݡ
ȻҲȵĻһʱס
ǰЩ˵żҵĲϱ˵˵Ҫϱôˣʮ֮**ʵһʱʮͬš
˼졮ġӰܲݣͻȻ巽СµСҪеܵСˮ󼦵ԣ
ɶ
ɶ
ӻûɶӦźȾг
ܲֳȴµСҪеܵССŲ飡Ů˲飡
˵ߺݺݵӣѼ¾ˡ
ǳԾҲεģȴǱܲĻִ̼ѷһ˺ݵķĸһܣզܻޣ
Ҳ֪ǲǰЩ˵˳żҵ£ֶ˸ԸŲɡ
һֱþӰҲô컳ޣôټ
ӰͻȻ˿컳г棬һĵĸԼ˵ӰŻ顣
뵽Ըô죿
һʱɫǵĸɫ·ӰӦģɫʱһһϡ
ղųܲĻð̣ǰͷĿѣ
ɫ࣬ȸղŸ˵ĺ˵˵ˣаΪżҵĲ
һѵýںţûԺŻָզ
Ϊó¼Һأ
Ϲ͵ķûԼڣȴûˤˡ
ӰԼҺӰȰȰȵĸڵ״ڼҵĳȵĿ޽ǹ˹
յ֪У鲻뵽ȻôϹҥԣˡ
ˮ󼦵úȥӦ̼ȣЧ񻹲
ѵͬոַķŴ档
ƼһƱ˵ĳΣԸɶ٣ͻȻסˣæϱҥⲻϱ¡
ɫ࣬۵ûһ˿¶ȿ÷ľĽһˡ
ܿ죬æתƻϱ޵£﹧ϲһͫȴȻ
ûˣҲҪˣϲˣ


191 
С,ܵôʲôʱܸһ棿ܲԸС룬Ӱ,˵ΰͳԸ㡣
ܲԵԴ࣬Ŵ۾Ӱӱߺ,ѾõܴܵСʹȥɽ浯,ץ档
ܲСȰȰȲͣ˵,һܵһܵ,ͯӰʧЦͷۣ˵⺢Ŀ,ֻջУ뺢ӳ,·ˡ
ο֪ǹŮСӣ
զ⺢Ӿ϶ܵܣ
ӰЦʣҪСﲻǵܵܣզ죿
һ仰µĳܲɵˡ
֮ǰûУҪŮǳܲ⺢Ҫܵ,˵
ڼȻˣӰúøһһС˼빤ʣܲ⺢ӱʾҲ,ŮҲһ,硯
Ҫ֮ǰܲţȥ߼ֵ棬û֮ǰĻŮҲͲ߼ˡ
ǸŮ˻棬ŲԶֵֵʱ򣬲һֱ,ܲڿɷˡ
ԥֻҪܵܣҪ޵ã
ܲ϶ǵܵܣԶҲ˵С޿϶ǵܵܣ
Ӱ
ʲôܵܣ˵ͳɤͻȻ⴫ֶ˵Ӱڳæ߸ܲ˵ѹûԺ⶯
˵ͽŲæͷ
ͼߴһװͦվſڣûɶ飬ƽ̹ĶϣһֱûŲ
ˣ˻ˣԿˡ
С壬ҪеܵСҪܵܣ
ֶͬܲȵС£µӰƿԡ
⺢զҪܵô֣
պãǰҪŮģⲻӰƼһһСеͷۣæԼ˴ܲ⺢ȥϴ֣Գˡ
ͣһֻҰȸʰˣֻճܲ⺢ӰԵĿζֻ˵ҼҰһ⻹˼źһ㡣
ѾһСʱŨζͣӹǱԵƮغû
ûȥóܲСԸȥϴ֡
ﶼǲζŨŨļζֱܲʿˮ
óԣҲܱ˵ر𰮳ԵıҰرļ
ղС˿鱬Ұ⣬㣬СǰҰһóԡ
ܳ뷹
ܲˮ󼸿ˣܲæܳȥϴ֡
ӰûȥϴǷϴ
ͻȻ߹ȥ˱ڻӰһ
컹ûأҲ졣
˺ٶһϴ־ˣӰƿˣ˳ʣˣȥҽҼôˣ
˸дԵɤɸȴƽȣ˼ֲ
˵⻰ʱ۵ױŷϲõ⣬ĿʼնϣôƶƲ
̫ȣӰԶѣ̧ۣö⡣
Ӱ͸سǲʱմӦ֤һ˵˷̡
ѵÿϲɫģ
Ҳͷһһ£ȥҽˣ
˵ּ˵ȥ÷£ߴɩǹһ䣬ȥҽҼˡ
ʱܲϴֻŶӰæƿˣһֻȳˡ
ϣ侲ＤϲõԾɾþûƽӸղԺ˵ϱޣϲֲȷ
ϱȷϢϢ䵽ʵӲü۶Ц⣬۵׶ʵЦݡ
ȸϱһ뼦ļ⣬߶ԣϱʢһ뼦Ҳܲʢˡ
ܲʢһעϱϣԵĺòûզпӣ󲿷ֶϱвˡ
ļⲻͣС
ĳܲһӶԸоСƫġ
ӰûԼڣ˵ǲͣм⣬޲ܳһֻҰæ˶ԣҲգգ۾Ƶĳܲ˼⡣
ܲüЦ֪СͷǷһڷһ鼦⣬һڼԵ㡣
ӼвˣӰҲûԼˣҲм⣬ԣһֱ
ҰȱҰζŨļˬʣӰȣֶҲȡ
ܰͼⶼϱԣԸˡ
СҲϺúܲԵһ㣬ղģ뷹
󣬲ֺó·ϱԱˣɨβʣµĲ˶ˡ
ӰһҳԵĻ죬ڸ߼ų¼ҵĲζԼҳԵ̲ܲˣź͸߼ֵܰ̾
ֹʮ֮**üҰ⣬Ҫζզô㣿
ԶƼȥˣԶ̲סզԣ
־͸Ҳô룬Ҳ֪ÿⶼ᲻÷ŵĿ컵˲
ôһְֵ̾
СӰ̾ģѸߴɩˣǰЩӿû˺ӳԣԼӿɱȾ󲿷˼Ҷá
ǰԼ˺ͼС̲ܲҲûô໰ʮ֮**Ǻӹˡ
ߴɩСӼ䣬־ֵܳ극Ͻˡ
ߴɩϴ϶ɱúƤȥռˡ
ʹ˵㣬ҲһЩߴɩĲ١
СߴɩȸԼ˵ʱզӪҵİԼҹŮˡ
Ǵûй¡
ֵܵĻҲӪҵĻصóܲ⺢Ӵء
ߴɩûǰЩӲһ۸ܲ⺢ӵ£ܲǹӣ˵ܲǣš
զûãӪҵ˵ͱ䣬ߴɩϡˡ
˵Ӫҵզģ
ŵû룬ɶöģ˵ӪҵҲ֪ˣøùϵ
ߴɩȴӪҵĿǸˣҲ벻ӪҵɶĿģֻӪҵĹƳǰ;ҵ޸ϵ
ЩӿûӪҵզӸùϵ
벻ͨߴɩҲͲˡ
ߴɩָԼ˵ӻ޵¡
ųһʮŸˣһ̲æϣǼ£ָڳզ˼
ߴɩҲǣһ˶ƳҪӣԸɣ϶õĺ
ȷʵãһϴ裬ϱ꺢ҵȲ˱ˡ
ϣ˱ϣֻӣӰҲͲƿˣֱֻ˵Ĳ˵Żء
˵˵ţӰҪҪλýŻͶ˵һ˵ѾѶȥˣټЩλɶƲĴýҲûҹ
Ӱ룬Ȳ˵Ҫλٸ˵¡
һ۲գˣ˵ᣬСӣʹӰջƽ̹ţѹɶҲĸᣬ鼤š
Ӱеÿ˵֡
ܿ뵽ܲǺֻҪܵܣӰһתͻȻСǰ˵Сô΢٣ֵҾкҲͦãպøСܲǺи飡
ֻҪŮĳ


192 
ܲһ,Ӱ˴ȥԺˢϴ
Ӱ˯ĺãҲû,ⲻҲ,ڳæء
緹̫ʢӰ˰̻ư
̻ưɱͷó̫,Ӱõǰ,̻ư
̻ţ̺͵,ڵ̻ưţζ
֪˸,Լһÿ˸һɰ
緹ҲͲˡ
Ժˢϴĳܲһ񣬲֪Ϊɶ,ܾýСرڣǶʱ
ƽմ󲿷ֶСϴСˮͿˡ
ڳߣܲû,ޱԸšëϴ
ܲ첻ɫģ̫ϣֻܲʾ
嵰ζ̻ưζƮ,ܲ,֪С϶óԵģæԹѸϴϴ֡
緹ʱƼԵļ嵰ܲ۾͵һ
⼸緹Сȥʳġ
ʳ緹Ʒֲ࣬ȥǼ֣ʳò׼˷,СİͷͰʱǸҹģʻӲԳܲϲʳ緹
ϱڳæüͷȴ
̻ưãӰڵ̻ư˳ȥæ
̻ư˳ܲһ̻ưһζİ࣬Ҹˡ
ҪҧһĽļ嵰ܲһ㣬С緹ɱСȥʳĺóԶˡ
Ҳϱպرɣô˴϶̻ư
̻ư̻ڣֲ̫̫壬ر㣬Űá
ǵϱջ̫ۣԺ緹ȥʳǣϿԶ˯һᡣ
ܲӹ๾תͻȻ̧СʣСǲǵܵ˯
ܲȻզʳ緹ǾС͵ܸܵҪ
ܲСһᣬСۼ緹ˣ͵ܵ϶˯
ʵ𴲵ʱ˾һΣܾźӶµĻӰһͿ
ԸΪæҲ˶õĻϣֲԴˮ뵱Ϊ˺ۻӡ
˺ͺôӰ黹Ǻܲġ
һ࣬ʱ¶Цݳ˵ɣԺҪ𴲾͸ֶ緹ҪԸȥʳ緹
ʳаͷӣԵҲ
һڳ緹ȥϴ룬ӰͿ
ܲСһӰǰѾϰСͿͿԶһ紵Ŀѻͮͮġ
ͿܲͦСƣߴҲǸԶܻܵС֪զʲôʱ
رڴܸܵܳһ档
еܵˣССŲ컵Ů˵顣
ͿӰҲͷˣܲȥС㲻㡣
ӰͿ߸
ֻ׼ȥѧУܲ⺢˸״
ȻǸڷҵ״
ܲԺãҲǳǸŮСܵܣСС顣
ɶ˼ȻСʮ
ܲϲСˣŲССء
ܲľǸڡ۸СĻŮˡ
ܲС״ĻҪǮȰȰһֱ˵رϸСɻ˵رﻹͦ
С壬ǸŮ˵С˵ܵܣС飡
˵СԺӲù
Ӱ캢Ȼ˵˵ûôϸҲ֪ȾȻ飡޲ҡ
顯ȫ˵ۡ
һڳ溮˪۵׷ӿҵķ籩
ܲϽ͡
С壬ǸŮ˿ɻ
Сеܵ㲻ҪС顣
ܲһ䡮顯һ䡮ܵܡĳ۵
ⲻϱΪССӣԼѪѹһЩ
ûɶ飬ѵ֣ظӱʾ˼˭飬ҲܸС顣
ΪǿòȢϱ飿붼룬ᡣ
ʱܲСᡮ顯֣ϱǰᡣ
Ŷ
ӰûֶЩȳţš
ŵʱϷӣӴΪӰúļء
ˮ󼦵Сͷûԣ类ĸˣӳԣƼ
Ӱ޵£üС·ӡ
ſȥⲻӴ⡣
ֱš
ǸҪˣæ˲øﳳЦݴкţҪأҪһ𣿡
ŻΪԸϱǸˣϱ»ᷭƪȥ
֪ûޱ¶ɨϱ
ֻóɨϵĿ»䣬ܰ˶˴
ľţҲǰߴ˪ַ⿴ļͷƤ飬һˡ
Ӱ⿴զô£
ȳ뿪Ӳ˿
ȺϱԣⲻŶˡ
ȻȳŴ󣬿ɾεһֵʦأܵ
־ԼһΣԺٳ¼ҵһЩº˵˵
ȶ̣ûбȻĻס뷴ⲻղӰ˿ͷƤʱó¼ҵ½ֻܱߡ
߸һȥѧУӰŸղźӸ˸״Ļ
ǰȸһֱԸҲһֱ˲Сìܣûɶìܡ
ȻôĺãҲˡ
ӰԺҲøɶ棬
뿴ĲңƫƫҪܡ
ܲС岻ĳŵɿˣеܵãеܵССԶˡ
ϣϴӰе̲סҪ治ӣ᲻飿
Ȼֱʡ
ڴϣװ̲ᵽǴ˭û߻ⲻ˺ӲˣΪ˴ڽӴϱˡ
Ӱװ̲̽ʱͦ飬Ƕϵӣûɶ
˵ʲô
Ӱһ˲úˣ˵ϣƺˣֳ
Ӱҧҧֻܹⲻôһ
һ̥һǲˣ˻飬ôãҸɶ¡Ӱô˵ôȰˡ
ᣬƯҲ׬ǮֺãҼҲѡ
ƮƮЩȴ˳ιӣɫ࣬°ͣͷݺݶסĴᡮ顯֡
˰ԵĴ೤ֱ˼Ӱܿ챻׵Ƶĵƹ£ӰǰĶ𣬵ҧгݴӺĥһ䡮ûš
͵Ц⣡


193 
Ӱͦ,ֻǵȽǰ緹ڼٻߴѧУĹؼ̥
ʱдŸĸչÿ¸ʣһ°Ʒ,ӰЩɵۡ
˳Ұ費ĸպÿչ㣡
Ӱܾ,ȵԺһóĸչ,ұȽϷģ
ʵյ֪ϱ޺,Ѿмƻĸտ,ֻԶûô죬ϱĻ¡
˶̫̫,ֻһͱˣüͷš,ɫ΢Ҫһ롣
ˣұˣպһһͷƽķ,ոպã߻ղŵĻѾ£϶û,¸´Ҷæ˫,ÿĲٳ֣ҲûãǵȹЩ˵
ȻҲ뵽ʵĬƬֻ̣ܼٶԵ㡣
߼ٻְ¡
˱һ࣬Ӱġ
ⲻԸǷװ̲װĻ,ʱЩᡣ
ӰʱûӦˣߵٻߴְǲܵġ
ҪھѧУ٣ʮ֮**ݹöˣȱʦʱû׼ȡ
֮ǰø˼ƽҲˣյ֪飬ãǲȼ˵ġ
Ӱ޹գգ۲Ӳתƻ⣬˳ˣ˿
ĩ̫ͦرúڸ棬ӰñԺɹ
ûãҶš
˾ġ
ҶҲ˵е£صرѯһӰͷҶһĽƣˣ
һ£΢٣ӰЦҶ㣬ұ֤أŶŬ㣬˵ЩҲĺϢ
һ仰٩Ҷ΢죬ѹ˲١
ԴӰУҲʼˡ
ûиѹҲһ䣬Ըе㼱ˡ
˵˻ỳ޵£Ҷתƻ⣬ͻȻ࿴ϡ
Ҷһźʾûɣ粻ͬ࿴
һΪҴЩ겻ҶΪνأ뵽ҴһҪν㣬ܾ˵˲ʣ
ɶʵģҶ̲סԹҾνͦģǾҽͬһǰ̸Ҳ֪֪ףԵ֣
ȻܾҶǾþŮͬ־νˡ
οЩӣνʱʱͣ£һδ˵ģҪͬ⣬˺¿϶ˣᵽҶź
ӰһϲϹκͱ˸£ҲҽҶϵã˵ɶ
Դϴײֿͬ;λͬ־ͦ򵥵ġ
λͬ־˵ûԷֿ⣬ʱλͬ־˵Ѿ̸ۼ޵ĵز
û̸ۼޣ
λͬ־жʱ򣬻ܾҶϣ̸ۼ޵ĶշֿתۻĬҶĴϣһŮͬ־㡣
ԣӰλҽûɶøС
զ˵أҶȻνе㸴ӣĲҴ̸ʱҲû׸ң
ⲻҶֺﵱĺԵ
֮ҶʮνǱ̸ۣνɶϵ
Ժνˣ̸һǣ
ҶôҲô˵ˡ
ӰҪ˵Ļʱʻضӣ˵׸ҪôǾԲͬġ
Ȳ˵˲ɶƲ磬ǸõģҲδԸȢϱ
Ҷ˵ɣԺλξҽ޸ҶҴˣλŮҽԸԸⲻһء
οҪ̸أܲ
Ӱ˲ٻЩҶĻ˻ȥ
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־ֵҲһοӣŵ죬ϱģ֪ǲܵġ
ϵļǮܱȵˣߴɩСӱվǰȥԺ档
ߴɩֵܾҲ⣬ֵʵĽܲ
զ̶Գܲôãɶã
Ӱܲ󣬳ܲصػȥԼʣµϣСţеۡ
Ӱе⣬⺢ǰǸ󷽵ӣСһСʣµĹ۲˳ˣܵܳԣҲԣ
һ仰ӰĲУСһԴʾܵܲҶԣϷţ˵
ϣӰճȥҵ
Ⱥҵϴط˯Ҳûˣɶ³ˣҲϴ˯ˡ
˯ŵʱӰŲʮ֮**˻ˡ
ӰۣȻһߴӰվǰ
ϴӰ˯Եɵɰ˯ѣˣ
һϴ˱ڻ˯


196 
к,ӰѧУ飬һʼģڲҲЭ,ֻȥѧУʱпմ󲿷ֶȥ
һ˳緹,ϴõ·˲ߡ
·컻µģ˸ϴ,Ӱ鲻,æ,ǰҶ㣬пնȥǱ,Ӱеû½׼ȥ
ûţȥ߼ֵ,ƽճܲͦԸģ񲻴Ը⡣
Ǹֵͦõģ
Ӱһ䣬죬ܲűһӰʧЦĻҰСԶ,ŲҪŮ棡Ůӿˣֻϲޣɷˣ
ܲͷӰȴЩΪɶ⺢ĺǵܵܡ
Ӱ,߹ҪС,治
СĲǵܵôܲͯ
Ӱú˵һŮСӿɲģܲһʧرᡣ
ҺúܿþãҲ޷ˣ
Ӱ˿
ͳܲȥ߼ҵʱͦ,Ȼˡ
ߴɩԺſ˵ţԺֻ̽и߼ֵܣûгܲͦʧ߼Һͳ¼ҾסڣҽȻܲ϶߼ֵ֡
ôһ룬͸ߴɩ˵Ǻû飬֣鷳߼ֵܴ档
ЩӣᾭԼҹŮ͹ߴɩ벻ɶĿģʱһãҲöˡ
ܹǼ֣Ӫҵܴʲô⣿
ߴɩҲùԼˣкȥԺС档
ʱ򣬳ܲ˰Ӱ䣬ССҲϲ棬رϲޣ
ӰҲ˵ġʮ֮**ǲŮѹŮ͸߼ͦȵġ
ϵãڲҺһ档
ӰҲܲȥ
ߴɩ
ߴɩ˵˻ˣƼżҵĴܲ߼ˣ۾һܲҪ̫ȡ
Դӵ֪ܲݣҲǹˣ顣
ԼǼ޲˳ˣŮԼ޽˾ҡ
СŮܲһ顣
ӰֻòῴҺЩ֣ѹ̶֪ԼҺˡ
ôҲ벻ô̴򵽺ӽϡ
ͬϵһ㣬ҲͳԷͷû˵
ߴɩӴӹóܲȥԼС档
ߴɩҲ֪ӸӪҵìܣϵãæԲء
û뵽ӪҵҲкˡ
ߴɩ˿
żҵģ滳ˣˣ⻰ʱ򣬲һźֲģ⸴ӡ
֮ǰ˵ãã֪ݣ֪һ椾Ȼ޽˾ңǲᶼ̲סĽֶʼɡ
ųúզֺ±أ
ڳ¼ҲզƽһЩųýҲզ
ޱʱ򣬳ޱûΪź˵Ҫʶˣ϶ýܸš
֤ҪԺˣ϶æܡ
տʼỹͦ˵ģֻǵȲõ֪żҵĻˣźˡ
ᾡĶӣ˵ӰüͷǸߴɩӪҵе֡
ܿ죬ջӰҲػ
˵˻ỰߴɩԼԺӰȥܼңһֱıӰӰˡ
Ӱ˳·ܿ쵽ܼ¥¡
¥ʱ¥ݲ㻬ҺҶּۿһѡ
Сģ
ӰҲһæлҶ
Ҷȴ۾һĿͣ˻ᣬЩȡ
˵ԴҶϴαԼôȥ¼ҳһٷûˡ
ֻһʱûҶܾóϱмı仯˻ǸˣƤ࣬ͷںڣٸ⾫£Ư̲סơ
Ҷ̲ס˼ۣҲû뷨ͦĽŵġ
ҪŮͬ־û飬ܸԸ⡣
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ջźҶʱҶڣ¥ƼһλŮͬ־˵
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֪ΪɶЩҲϲҶ뵽ǰӣҶѾܾˣ֮ǰƶҶﻹȴйŨصΣС
磡Ӱ

Ҷһֱûνأøɣȥν㡣
ҶһҲڴҶҶֻСߡ
ɬˣ´㣡
˵ҶҴߡ
ҶЦݴӰ¥
ӰǿҶ㻹ûҶҴλξҽأ
ܼûˣӼڣҶ˵Ż˵Ըνȥرν㣬ﻹ뷨
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Ӱ
ӰνҸôϲʣҶ΢٣źǲ֪Ҹ絽զģҶʱʱҸ磬ɶ˼ɵӶƵףҸһֱӲ硣
Ҷ¿ɰֳˡ
Ӱ룬ͻȻͬ־ǰЩӲ˵ֻúùҶô
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ҶæӰʲôʱײģӰ˵ʱ䡣
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ͽɶû˵
ʱܼһ˶֪¡
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ʦôã˶ôãӺ졣
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ҶǵһԼǰûɫһһףжϲھжӦ
˵ʮֱ׵ɩӣԺٸʲôͬ־ߵ̫Ůͬ־Ҿò̫򵥣˼أж󻹸˵ûУ磬ƶʸ֦أÿڿˣҪԺ޸磬Ҳˡ
ҲһؼŮͬ־޸ҶϴԺҶҿ϶ƽ
ҶҲǺֽÿӰˣҪ磬Ҷˡ
ֻҶ׵ͦģҲرãô겻ͻȻͱˡ
ҶĲɳԲ·һʤæȰš
ȳݣʤϱƲ֣æ粻ûȢôüڣ
΢٣ֵһֱӲ磬λͬ־ʮ֮**֪λŮͬ־Ϊˣ
ʤôһ˵Ҷ̬ȣʱסҪһˡ
ܼҺҶĽʤҲϱһȥˡ
ȥҶҵʱҶίҶλͬ־
ЩӣʱʱرòҶίҲر⡣
Ҷί⣬ȴҶϴͬҶҶ»ص㣬ϴദ
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ҶҲЩȣҶίͦԼҹŮ۹⣬ϴϽѶ¶ֵеܲ
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ʤһϱĲеģЦλŮͬ־¸Ҷί˵ˡ
һ䣬Ҷըˡ
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ѧҶί궼Ϥ
Ҷί˽ܸأǴĺСбʵѾӪˣԺǰ;Ҳ
ҶҾ˵Ůͬ־˼Ƕϴɶ˼ƶʸ֦ءأһŮͬ־¡
ҲλŮͬ־˼ԭûиõĶǴλͬ־֤ġ
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ɲҪһʡĵļ̶ϱ
ô룬ҶίҲôģɫʮѿȻۡ
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ҶҲǸ
ҶίĬ죬ͻȻԼϴ󣺡ϴǲ֪ˣԲԸλŮͬ־󣿡
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Ҷ¼˵˺ҶԴ˵һֱҪըˣɴۼֱš
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鵱˵ЩȫǺŪƭĹôƣҶƢٺãҲؿ۵ĲС
ʤϱˣæˣԺԶŵλŮͬ־ǡ
ҵ죬Ůͬ־治򵥣ϴһģ֪ϴģԸĶ̫ҪˡµµʱƼŮɫףмֻ
ҶίҲĲУλͬ־ʮ⣬ҪԭΪûԼϴСӣƷ϶û˵뵽λεŮͬ־˼Ʒ⡣
ҶίϴԺԶλεŮͬ־ҲԼҹŮԶŵ㣬˻Ǯ
ҶɫãҶɫէէĲΣʮָмӰ£ҪϳˣҪǹĲãԺһӶúΡ
ҶίҲԼҹŮλͬ־զ֪ģ֪ǳ˾ϱѵҶίԳ˾ϱĸмͱˡ
ֻó˾ϱҶҵĸǡ
ҶίԼҹŮԺ˾ϱԼҹŮ˾ϱġ
ôõŮͬ־զ˳˾Ҷίһź


197 
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ʹͬ־֪,ޱҲرۣӸᷳ
ȥʱ,ҫǸ,˵Լʶһųϱ,ԺˣöԷھҲҸö
֪Ů֪ĻֱҪ̫Ľ,ҲŮ֪æҲܸö
ڵĿر㣬йʡ
պ֪λŮͬ־ܲס,޸һλͬ־ҲûöãĿͰ͵ġ
֪Ů֪ǶҴ,ԼŮͬ־ܺö
ֻҲĺԸû˵,ﻹܹϱ,˵Ǻ
ޱҲӵ֪̫̫ۣ֮ǰû˵£̫֪ҲƲϡ
سֻزˣҲǸõܣĻ,ﵹе뷨
ңӪѵȥϱԼҺӶܲ档
Ӫû룬ֻΪϱΪ޸ͬ¼ҵĹϵû
ϱҪô£ĸܱӪ
һ뵽ӪѾˣӪʮֲζ
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ͷԣզҲίĲУ޲Լ˾ˣҪޱϵˣԺ϶ܰ
ֻ»ûӰ᲻ö˵Ҳ֪ŵݸԹ
ֻźӰզˣҪŷˣóޱýܸţҲܴ˾ҵĹϵˡ
ֻϧҲֻ롣
ƻûɡ
¼ңӰҶҲͷˣҶŲžˡ
ҶҶҴӡ󶼲ҲϣҶҴԺĺá
ڷĸһᶹǸҡ
ĸûԼϴγԳ¼ҵг¼ҺûٴС档
Դ˲ӣСԸҲò٣ĸҲʮָм
֪ϱкϲᣬԷĸһѸõᶹǣôҪ¡
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ӰһʼգҪˣ绹զ죿
ĸһҪգӰ£߸л˷ĸ
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ſɱиˣ˸ôõϱ
ĸ߸пʮֺڵզûڴҸõϱ
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ᶹǳĩã˼ڣøⲻᶹǳĩ˵·óԡ
Ӱ˵ʱ򣬳ܲմӸ߼ܻȣһͷĺСҲ˵ġ
ܲżĲζֶæ̨ܵǰżʣС㰡ۼɶ
ӰܲιһԵǴŹǣһǴŹǣܲ³꣬ѹǣóԡ
ܲһ飬Ҫһ飬Ӱּһ顣
ŹǳܲûԣŵܵԺŹǸԶԡ
Զ¼ˣû˼ȥ̼ҷζԶҪ̫Ľ֪̿϶ָϴò˳
Զһ꣬ϸߴɩûҲ²٣ԶŸϴкͻȥû뵽ϴ˿Źǡ
СŹϺó㳢ֻһ飬ûˣҵܻܵҪԣܲ
Զ۾һæͷֽˣУһУѹǵǴŹǳԵĸԶ̻ʣ۾ֱѾþûĲ
óԡ
һŹǺܿ꣬ԶԵδָͣͷ
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ӰסˣָԶ˿Źǲȥ
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־͸Ҳϲ⣬þóԵĶ̲ˣֵܱԼҵܵ˵еæԣ
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ʵŸվŵ˸ڳ¼ҵķζر㣬ųŹɶòˣԭøǴŹǡ
и
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ô˵ԸҲᶹر·Ⱞԡ
¿ٶȶ˲١
ܲϲǴŹǺݡ
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˯ǰ˱ڻ˵޵£ѾдŸ߾ĸĸ
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СãĲ̫ó
ССˣСڵʱ򣬼ʱʱкò˳ԣСøø󣬼ҲԣһҲûСĺóԡ
С̫׽Ӱܲе㲻⣬Ʋ֣ĴǺɳ궼ˡ
ȳܲһγɳСԵĽζִɳСⰮԡ
ڼдúóԣ˵ɳˡ
ӰҲһɳ곢ζĸһʼŮ̫ỨǮȵ֪Ըģ˵ɶɳζ治
ĸͦԵġ


198 
Сɳ,Žż⣬Сȥ輸ϵĵģӰס,ǰཱུŸճԷ,ֳС,Сӻװ£
ССĻ,һûбϽʳų⣬ʮϲ,,Ȼ󣬵СӣɷµͷǶ˵ԡ
ӰԲĹĵС,Ц,ӶųˣǶ,Ȼ
С˵ˣԲˣа,ɳ̫ˣٳ,ﳤ,ɾͳԲ˱ĺóԵˡӰͯ,ֺЦ
˵,תͷĸﻹ裬Сһ,Ҳһ㡣
˵ҲǣըĶ㣬Ҳϻġĸ˵žˡ
СҲϻ𣡡ܲС˵ССŸС˵ˣ۾ˣҲе㼱ת̫ܵˣոմ棬ԭǸСġ
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ܲһСǹģ鶼˲٣΢΢⿴СȻСôģҾͺȰɡ
ӰûüӦСҴڸˣŤһ㣬С룬СãĶˡ
ӰŻĶʵСӣֲ֧ˡ
С̱զ£
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ŮӰǺúɳϣȴ˳ܲƯ˵СһӰ̬
Сָųܲһ߿һ߼۳ܲԼ¼Ӱ
ȻܲСһ㣬ͷֱߣ׳ʵôö
ôˣǲѹСӣû˵ܴСﰡܲһԼôܹҡģ
СܲỨðֱܲһ䡮޹ȥˣųܲˣܲ״򲻶
ҲҿСһңֶأҪΪռλãӰͷβûţŵȤζϾš
ĸȴụ̂һһѵǸɶأɶأССﻹкأɲڡ
ĸڰգ̤ССȲСһﶼͣˣĿӰ
û£أ󣬾档
㻹˼˵ҿµľˣôţ쵱ˣôŵ֪·ݻСҪССģҿǱûˡĸ֣˴ӰͷԽˡ
ĵСúã׳ʵĺܣССһҪߵŮӣôӴ
Ӱͻһ䣬ĸһӻأ֪Ͳ˵ˡ
ѽôϴˣԲɳꣿӰĸ߶ͷˣֳĳ翴ǣϲæӭȥ
ıĲƤ˼һæ̧ŴȣȴǰԳۻţģӶҪĳˣ߲ȻСĻߣĸʲôҲ¿š
֪ˡӰǰĴţҸЩΡ
վһߵĸôŻŮһĻ»ҲûˣЦջˣɲǣҸոջ˵ѾͷͷҲҿ㿴ŻţҲŷһ㣬ȻѾͷôӴ
ӰСҲأܹæٺòҪҲõûչɳϵһĸҲ
ǰܵҲҰϹŮ軵ˣƽʱԸͽĺܣ⻳˰͸СƢˣϴ룬ЩŮ˼ҵĻƣҴɵúú˵˵Ҳôˣôĸ̹ˣƼ˵״ԹԼ軵˹Ů
ӰͦõģҲġ
֮ĸøı䣬ӰЩĲ
ĸЦĸˡ
ɲӰⰮʹ˸ɼƢãҲŮҪϱǵɡҲҿŮ
Ӱ˵ö뷭ˣ˵಻£һ㡣
׻˵ĸ￴ŮԽԽϲĸӻпʱզŮԽԽ˳ء
ϣĸСճ˯ȥָӰҳ˵˼ͥϱ¹ôޣСëϣԸ죬󶼲ǺõģТ˳ģﻹǺġ
ĸת˵һԡ
Ů㻹ǵ֪Ǹ֪಻
Ӱһӻǲ
͵÷ѩӱһ졢ˡ
ŶӰĸ÷ѩԼ
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Ӱüªϰ˵ֲһ˵飬Ůˣôеģ˵׼˴ðˡ
ĸŹŮĻЦЦH鶼أҲ˵أ֪ͱˣȻеĸˣеҲϴˣ˾ͺͺˡ
⻹ͺãܰɡӰҸˣûˡ
ͺãզأֻܹԼǰɴ۾ƣպŹɡĸĳӰӲˣ࣬µһ¡
Ӱܿ췴ӦԼ뵱Ȼˣִʱĸһģοء
ȷʵӣҲأǼǳ˵顣
ĸӰĬתƻ⡣
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ˡӰֱۣЩۡ
ʲôడ˼Ҽɹȣһˣһ޽ˣиĻҹŮĸǵ⣬鸴ӣǰĻ¶ˣʱôǲǺ㣿ȴûܼ޵ôã޶ˣҪϧʮָп
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ʲôҲ֪ĺӴѪԵȹ̵Ĺϵ
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Ӱ


199 
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˼̵ƽͷ,ֵʮֿ,¶ԽͷͣǷָ
֤鶼,ܿʱ޵Ĵ,˼,̧ܿͷĿԡ
˷鱾Ĵ̵վſڸʲô,˯
û˯أӰ֪ڵûһ
š
֪ո˵ɶ𣿡
Ӱһ˵,һŵ,¶߿ɵ˯ȹ,ϴʱ,ïܵĺڷ£һ࣬ԵСְס
֪Ѿˣﴧ,֪˻ΪǻûĶŮ
˵ʲôˣĿϣƲ
˵ѽѹҶӣַ˯Ӱ΢Ц
΢ư˱˹ϣĿ΢Уŵӣʣַ˯
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ɢȥĴĦ̽ͷ촽΢Цǵ
ô˵ȴԼϱûѡַ˯ҪȻһ˿˯ţһҲϱַ˯
᲻÷ſӰΪ˯뵽ܲǺӸղſͰ͵ɫ֪ղŴһ˯а飬ҲúӺһЩ
ӰԼ˿ʵؿڣԾ˯ȴһֱ᲻ŲߣСƽ̹ĶϣָŲţѾһӣԽԽͣ侲⼸ˮᣬ˲ƽϵĳš
˯
ӰΰѣտʼŻͦѣе֣һԸ˯ң
ô˵ȴСĶӣʾ˯
һ磬Թ緹ţҲԹ緹Ӱ緹ڹӶڡ
ڣӰӣ˵ģɶõĵġ
ȻԸʮ֮**ȥ߶ˡ
緹ǰࡢ̲˺ͼ弦
̲õģղ᲻÷ŵϣγ̲ˣ÷һЩζ
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Ϳڷſͬĸ˵ĸͷĸԸõˣر̸ĸ˵ԼŮﻰԺ
ղһѾԼŮһ飬ڿҲۣĸȻ֪ڳǸõģԼҶӶȲϡ
һ˲Ų˵ھõġ
Ӱ˵ʱ˿Σæ˻ȥ
ŮĻ
˺ðߣߵʱĸ߶ĸ˲ɾûиҪզ˸ûɶòĶϱ
ղȥúôϱӲǱӣ۾۾ʮַܡ
ȥʱĸŮڼҶϱզҵദǶϱƢе㼱۾ϣƶզңǾ٣ŮҲǡ
΢٣ĸһֵˣ۲һƣĳ㡣
ʱܲͻȻ̣ǻŮˡ
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뵽ڸղǶϱֶ̬ǰ㣬ĸüͷÿղŷĸҪȻڶúȥ˵˵
Ӱĸ룬ҲӸǰ˵̫࣬ûͼӴ׼˵˵һЩĸû˵ֻԺԶŵڼҶϱ
ղһڼҶϱխġ
緹ʱû˶ˡһ͵ȷ²̬ɸ飬Щмܲס
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ɩӼҵķҲδ̫ˣʳҲδ̫ˣ㲹ԵҲӲɣ̲ܲˣ֪࣬еҭɤӵĴ
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áѿԼŬƵżҵϣƤ͸ʱɴ۾Щȵɩӣ⻳УզƯأ
ղʱڷżҵˣżҵɫûгżҵɫôãɫҲЩơ
Ҳû룬ͷһ˲Ľ
ũģ˼Ҿô׼˸ɾƳųָֿǰ;ԶĽǣϱôã
ôòãֻҪϹܿ
ĽˣҲۺ첻Ҳ֪զģԳżҵرԵһƼ˾кøС
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ɩӣ۹ãҪզҵĶҲǿҪɶʱʵĶ󣬵һ뵽ҾͳɡҪöȥˣƤ˵
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ɶִˣӰЩʧЦΣýɲýĺû˵ĲãԺӹòãԺ󶼹զ죿
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200 
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ƣһĸһ,ˣ
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ҹʢˡ
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ǰڼѾͷַʹ,ַˡ
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ղζ,ζá
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ŮҲиˡ
Ĳһá
һ⡢ѳӺһ
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С˼ҲǴ˼
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γܲзӦˣͷСϺóˣ
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һûһ˵ĸæ˲˵ʱ򣬲֪ԭλŮͬ־ԼҹŮŮܶ
һܶĸüͷ΢ʶöԷĿ̫ǿ˵˼и׽㣬Ůܶɶ
Ůͬ־զе಻壿
ŽŮҲ̫죬զ˼Ůܶ
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ĸŵʱӰż͵ø÷ԣرθ
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ԸǻǰиûģҶί׶ӣɲǣߡ
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ǮҲǰ׷ǮһЩ
ȫ˵滰˵Ĵ󲿷ֶ滰ĸӰ˼ۡ
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ɣ
ʱʱȥ¼ңﴺ׽᲻֪
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Ӳƽ¼СԺӹò
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ڴԺͬˣʱʱͬԺ̫̫һɸЬ˵˵ӹøãɫá
˵ŮŮ᲻ɻҲûɶԵĺãĺãӹܲã
ӰҲⲻԴӻԼ󲿷ֶæ
޲ð·ϴˣ֣С·ϴ
һ磬ϴ·ִ̫󣬿˿·ıӰӰůģĸȴŮǵˣôõһˡ
·ڸ߼Ҹ־һ뷬ɡ
ΧԺһԡ
Ӱû£ͻȻ**⣬Ҳﳢζ
򷢵壬裬һ¯¯Ӱûе⣬Ǵ̳˵ʹ򷢣Ĩһ㣬е⡣
Ӱһﳢ˼ӳԡ
ûæĸû˵ļ⣬ʮֺζ
ⶫϡţûŮĺóԣĸԿ䡣
ٳԵӰĳԵҲˡ
Ǹ߼ֵܣŸճ¯ļζֱʿˮĸ־̲סοԶ
лл̣־˼һ飬ͷҧһڣĨ˻͵ļδٳԡ
ԶҲæԼǿУе춼ǣһĽܲһֱ޺óԣ֮ǰԹǼμⶼóԡ
־ֱֵܿһû־͸Ҳεļóԡ
СãúóԣСǵڶγСļ⣬ǽһޣŨŨļ㣬ڼǰԹĸó̫࣬˵զóԡ
ܲҲϲСļ⣬ܲעûڼϣСϡ
ܲż⣬ߣСҵļԣ
ԸԣҳˡӰ΢ЦСԴ
ܲСͷԼ⡣
ϴļܸҧһڲԶԵ죬ûԹͰͿܲ
ܲԶˮԥܾ
ӰһԶԡ
ܲԶȴӰղʹˣżѼߣһڡ
ĸ̲סƼۣüЦ⺢ӵǱͦã
⺢ڶŮ
ת۰¹ȥ
ͷѧͦԵſڼ档
һ۾зѧΪѧӰܵĶǽһˡ
ѧͦͷͦߣһ۾ͺʣɩӣλǣ
ѧ֪Ҷίܶԭܾǳϱܣͬ⡣
Ҳˡ
ܾܾҲͲˡ
ɩӣλͬ־
Ӱû뵽Ҷίֻһ죬ˣԭ£ȻԵ֣ЩҲ˽һЩ֪Ը񻹲
ԺЩԶﴫռ˵Ըûٸı䣬嵹ͦ塣
ʸ֦ӰȻʺλͬ־
ͬѧһ
Ӱѿռøˣ˺úô뵽ѧģ˵ԼҶίܵԼԼֺ͹ԼԺϽ£ȻͬԷʾԴһʱԣϲ˵
Ӱ
˷ܵ
û뵽ϱôףôôöعʣ൹Σѧ໹ɣֱĲУ·ѧڣæͷûͬ־
Ӱ


202 
˶⡣
ϳĸ˯,Ӱſڿƻʱ˸ϴ·ʱ£ѷѧ¸ˡ
һθæܶȻ㲻,ܶҶίӰ߿ƻѵðԣҲ֪˺ϲʣҾҶ˵û,λͬ־ͦ
Ӱ۹ͦ׼,һ۾;÷ѧǸ̤ʵԸ,˴ͦľګӦͦ
ҷѧũС,,Ҫǵλͬ־ѡǷѧԺʮ֮**
ϱᵽѧϴ·Ķ΢,Сȷʵ,Ҫ˵ͬ־Ǹ˾͸úúðջúôԺӲˣ
뷨Ӱ뵽һӰҲôá
һûһ,żӰһƻ󣬵ݸιһڣСոܰ
û,ԺŴ
ʶҪȥš
¸磬ȥšӰɶ¶,ȥš
Ƿš
ɩ,ҳһ¡ȻҳЩ¡
ӰȻϤ,Ļòݡ
ȥʱ,Ȼһ䡣
ʵϱɫƹ£Ƥ͸,ݰ𪣬ɫá
ϱһֱ£÷ҲûãġȻŴԺ˵ĳϱиĻ
ѵпգȻֽһ¡
ӰȲԸȴԷȻ˵ҲһˣȻͦиġ
ֻ⸣Ըû˾ͳɡ
Щӣû磬Ӱͦ⣬ϸǸ֪һЩֹµķ֪
÷ֹûãҲ֪ûã
Žݡ
һһ۴굴ϴһ·
ǵһƼϴ·һ±𾪣ɵԭЩϣ¡ţ
զǳϴ·
Ҫ֪˶壬һŮڣϱϱ֮١
·ǳϱģ
ȻԼϱҲûɶ£˵ϴɶ·
֪ϱû뵽۵ز벻˸ϵĳžȻһԼҺԺԼϱϴ·
£ȻƤƲۣ֪£ޱѸٵϴ·Žݡ
ϴ·ûɶС֣Ӱȥ˱ˮ˺ȡ
Ͳˣ˸ƻ󣬴˸Ƿе
Ӳͣˣȥ˯
ţӰͷ֮ǰŴ˸к
˵ʵСദģʽͦĽ
ŻӣӰеȽϢ
ţզϴ·ﲻͳɣŲ⡣
Ƴۣ˵£Ҷԡ
߲ҶԣؼҺȴ¸ϱ˵˵һϴɶŮ˵·Ůͳɣõ˶֣źͳϱСڸ治ִԺ˵˸á
ȱͶʼӰҪȣһ˵ŸڳզӰʼС
ôϵģǲǴøӰؿĲС
һ¡
Ȼ˸ľ¡
ȱ±߲˵ԼۣҲ÷Ȼϴ·Ȼͬ⣿
ҪҪ棿
զˣܰӰ£ϴ·զˣ˵׿ϷһޣЩ˶ŻһŻµĸֺ÷Ȼֱڸ¡
¼СԺӰû˯ݣ׹ľܣϴ
û˯˴
ţӰղȴղŷƼϴ·һ±ƵģǰûɶҲûöӣӰͦ⡣
ѵǰеˡ
ӰѵģóһͿˣͷݺˣ˯
һ磬ĸæԺĲ԰ӣӰ緹
緹򵥣ż
磬ըͷƬ˼ͷƬ㣬֥顣
Űʮֲ
⣬֮ǰݲܲװһСݲܲ·Ⱞԡ
緹ôˡ
ȻޣһҪ顣
СҲڼ
ԸܲȥѧУ
ڰ칫ﴺ۾ɫ԰׵ģ
Ӱûüﴺкﴺߣﴺһߣ̲סͬϼҵ¡
ͬҽϼȻ֪ɶ¡
˵żҵһٲҳ£ⲻˡ
żˣ֪ŶǮⲻ̫̫ŭŹˡ
οﴺûӣϼﴺѴЩ಻塣
ÿŰ˵ҪȻ̫̫ģˡ
̬ȻɣԺˣżҵʲôӹ
ϼû˰̫࣬Ӱ˵һЩӰ֪զ¡
ϼﴺѧТ˳Т˳һȣһֱùҲǻ¡
ʱżҵȻռˣԸ壬ҶˣԺ˵żҵĻá
һĿΣӰڰ칫ʰȥ
ﴺͻȻסˣżҵģûпգû鷳㣿զ˵˸󣿡
ﴺƹӰܶĪЩζ
ӰҲͣ˵һ죬Ҫ˵ͷѧԵ֣Ҷίǣߡ
ѧ˲ûԵ֡
ﴺɫǿлӰߡ
ҲûӰⲻصشһȥӳԡ
һǣһ龫
龫ڿǸϡĶɻ˴Ǯصظлġ
ĸҪӰؼҵʱĸſھܾ
ⲻ١
ӣЩҵһ⣬Ͻ£һȥҴ㡣˵
˵Ҳ˵Щģˣʮ֮**ӲǮҵ¡
ĸգ˶׼ߡ
ȴײϻӰ
ɩӣˣ
ӰҪĶȥ˵ǣߵҲûɶҪҶίǣߣҪлǵлҶί
ɩӣҪ㣬ҶίǣߣⶼĸЩҲһ⣬۶ôˣզôôģͲͣ˵˵˵ӰЩмܲס
ӰȴûҪ龫ֻĴǡ
;ӰӰ΢һ˵ҴҼǮʮ֮**֪ˣҴûӣԸ಻壬֮ǰҴͽʮֶӣʮĺӶˣҲĺ£
ǰԺТ˳ʹ
ͬ⣬ÿ⡣
˼ҵļӰòͣԹԹһȲȥ㣬˸ߡ


203 
ﴺһؼ,̫̫ܼǡ
ʵ̫̫У֮ǰΪϱÿ¼ĸǮң뵽һĶ˿Ӵ빤,̫̫յ֪ʱĸ,޲ð಻Ķϱͻ,Ӵĥĥ,ԺТ˳
̫̫ô˶˳ۣÿзݹ,ҪȻ̫̫޲ðͻϼҡ
,ﴺ֪ԼТ˳⣬˵ԼҲй,ֻ׳,黹Ϊ֪˶Ǯ
ѹ֪˶Ǯﴺһ뵽ҪϼҾͼ¡
ϼ,ҪϼҸһסкӹ
ﴺԼ˳ЩԹţҪ˳ܣ
,ҽڼôҴе£
ﴺŵסûȥ
һ,̫̫
Ϊ䲻Ǻõ,ռϱʵ,Բռˡ
ﴺҼ˹,׼˲Ǯϣôһ룬̫̫ɫ,ﴺûһɫܼǣզˣҶӣҲ˭
ﴺɫ԰㲣ҲЩʱҪҺţȵϣӣզˣ
ֳﴺզ˵˵ҲŸӴк
ɫ㲣ӵĻֻܰһ龫ݹȥ
յݹȥֺڡ
ÿÿռˣͻռˣԼմĶھۣҲֻװ㣬һ⣬š
ֳ̫̫ӣһ⣬ҴÿԵ㣬á
һڶû뵽һ龫̫̫ˡ
ﴺˣ㶹֮ܳ͸ж֪Сǰǲ£ڶˣⲻлرˣ
Сĸǰݶ龫ôϡĶⲻǸ档
ﴺˡ
ҲѵöﴺãһЩ̫̫θϡֹ龫ǲ˵ɶﴺЩǮ龫ɶ
̫̫һҵ˿ơ
ȰţﴺæԼСóš
в
һ
ȥɶġ
̫̫æǹ龫յڳ߶ˣﴺ
ﴺοɲҲвСá
Сǹ龫ģ
ǹ龫ɲˣ
ﴺڻܳţʮָС
ڵеҳϱûǹ龫Ҫ׼ûɶӹھҲˡ
û˵ԸΪлϱ˲پŪǹ龫
ֻ˵ǹ龫ǿ
ôһ˵ﴺжˣæǲǴ˸󣬶ǣզ
˽зѧմǳϱŽܵģ㣬ϱҿ治ԺҲҪ˺úôһóżҵ治һóǰ;Ժֻò¼Ϲϵֻòͦõġ
ɣģﴺô˵ȴãԼǸˣֻȳŵһ
鲻ּ㲻ףѵȰټǮҡ
֮ǰĵǮ๻ˡ
ټģɨسզ죿
զܲҵ˵զװۼ󣿡ﴺͬ˵զס
֪
øٶ˵಻壬ʮԸɶԣֻΨһĶӣûǷϣŲѧô
һֱӣŽƤӣⶼûûˡ
û˵ֻ̫࣬˵ǮҵʱԼҽһ¡
ɣ֪ˣ
һǣӰһ䡣
мУûΣþûӰȥһЩ
Ӱ㣬ߴɩҲ㡣
߼ҽ˵ʱ򣬸̲סզЩķûǰˡ
ǲЩҲ̲ܲˣ
ŴȤһ䡣
̲ܲҲر㰡
ļرóԣԶܹ
ڻļ⣬ϴǴóԣҲóԣ
Щ̡Ĳˡûǰôˡ
Զã־ֵҲôãֵ˿ҪÿôķԼҵ̲ܲԵȥ
Ŷ˿
Щ˵ĸɲϱ
ĸһ㣬᲻ϣ˵Ȼûϱ㡣
СĲϺóˣܲͻȻ
СҲͷڶˣ᲻÷ͣ˲㣬ϼҲǡСóˡ
СĻǵĸŹЦҲӸڳ¼ҷζզˡ
ĸ᲻÷ͣĸʮ֮**ϱһ᲻ϣԲ˲㣬ʱһͬ鿴
Ҫͬ顯ڸ߼ûãӻؼҳ
ĸһ
ĸ᲻÷ţеãͷŵҲ٣ζһ㡣
ӰһݲܲһԣôζźһЩ
Ҳѧ
ôеӰֻһǳǸϲؿζģʣµݲܲȫԼ
ĸԼͦóԵģզܲóԣ
ϴ裬Ӱʸͷʱ벻Ժջ
ǼУȥ
ջǳϲԵˣ۾ﳵȥС
պеҪȥ죬Կȥ
㣡
ӰȻָ֪ǻóϲԣӰ΢Цëݸ˸ͷǳɣ
죬ĳĸӰȥУպøߴɩҲҪȥУߴɩһȥС
ûȥ£ȸϱһڼˣ˲٣÷ӰҲû
ŮһԣԼҹŮַզĸҲ˼˵ƣŮû˵ɶ
ҲŮзݹҲйʣҪôǮ
˻Ͱϳϣſߡ
ޱҲ˼Уֻû뵽ôϳޱʶЩ鵲סԼųˡ
óõϱɫ治Ҳ治ޱ֪е¡
õܾȻҪˣóͦˡ
Գõܣޱ£ǰǵ뿪󣬳ޱǰĸӰ̸
õϱҲˣ
Ůǣĸʵ


204 
ޱĸʮ,Լǳý㡣
Գ¼һݣǵ֪Էǳ״ý㣬ĸǽһ,ԷӰ̬ȴЩ䵭,
ޱⲻˡ
Ȼ֪,֪ӰһʮֲĶ,ޱӰ轵
ڳޱϱǲȸ,Զ,ѹûӰѹ֪¡
ȸͣ
֮ǰޱֻӰǸбµĴõܰسǣĻ,Щı̬,ڻسǣδҵһĶ,ң
ޱĴӰ˲ٲˣһ˳Ԥţ̴ؾ
صҺ,ȥߴɩԼ,ĸԼҹŮղŮλý㡣
Ů̬զе䵭
ĸŮýʮ֮**,ͬŮиӦ
ԼҹŮ,ĸ´μ,ôø棡
ǿŮ׵Ĵý㣬ԼҹŮŮ׼ô룿
¼ҵӰý,ֻ֪ˣ
Ͱͻ֪˰ԣӰѵ³
ѵһ³ĸҲö˵ˣԸ
ĸæɱӰˡ
緹һˡײˣһջ
ջþƼ㣬ζ㣬ּΣɫζȫ
¼СԺڸ߼Ҳ׼緹
ź͸ߴɩڳ˵øߴɩ׼òˣĿڸ֮
ߴɩ֮ǰû㣬ǸϲѺöˣ֮
ŸڰԵĲζӶζ߯ˣĴ˶ˮ
ζզô㣬ʮ֮**ǵ³ˣҲ֪ɶòˣ
϶Ǻòˡһϼĸߴɩ֪Ӱ緹׼³ջŰԡ
ⲻôˣߴɩҲ緹òˣɰѸֵĲС
߼ֵ֪ܽҪòˣǸ˵ıĽš
߼֣¼Ҳ֡
ѾںԺϴ־ͻس
Ӱպòһòˣȼһθζզ
ôζɲ
ϱĲܲóԣ
ղŻŵԼҡΥİԵζ
ſڳһ죬ɫζȫۣûһζմ˵֭ζζá
治ɫ۾ȴľˣῴˣóԣ
óԾͳɣ
Ӱ۵ҲЦ⣬ղųһ£ζȷʵ
׼緹Ӱ˶˲ȳȥ̫ߴڳվ̫ռλá
˲˳ȥ
緹ˡײ˻һջ
ĸӰĺջǽһóԣĸĴָ
ζ治
ɱϼĺջó̫ˣûһζҲ֪Ůզģ
ɶջóԡ
ϲԾͶԵ㡣Ӱ߳Ա߸Ӻвˡ
ĸԼˣԸԾͳɡ
ԼŮʱʱԼҹŮһӣһֱˣǽһˡ
Сڹĺþͳɡ
緹ֻջ˼У֪మԡ
ĸԣܲСӶⰮԡ
ССãĲ˺úóԣϼĺóԺö࣡óԵϼˡ
СЦ˵꣬ӰЦؼҳɰСüססá
Ҳʾססá
ллСã
С߸ˣܲȴЩᣬСԵģ
СЩиͦãСС
ܲС˼Ӱ治ֽ˲죬緹ƿţ̣Сͳܲһ˸һƿ˺ȡ
һȥߺ½ѾҶʱ򣬶Ӱʱʱ
ͬӰ˵ģѧǸʺϹӵģ̸Щľګ
һ㲻ҲʵģҶӾͳɣҪЩĸɶ
պ÷ѧҶҲӵģⲻԽӴԽʡ
ⲻ˴һ¾Ͷ֤ˡ
֤죬ϲ¼СԺˡ
ôɺ£ĸӰЩԾԾ֮ףˡ
ĸмԵѵÿĸ˵Ժ̤ʵúù
һжӣ˵˾ʵģҶҲֻҹʸһ㣬˳զҪͷԹЩģ
΢٣뵽ӣģԺһúùҴһ಻塣
Ӱ⻰ҲĲ٣ӡҲԽԽá
֤ҪԺĻûʦʮʹһݼǹֵɹɰ֪һ֪Ľˡ
ޱĸۺ졣
ͬѧ֤󣬾ɩǲ֪Ӱǣߡ¡
ɩ˵Ӱǣ߲զ
Сͬ־զܸ֤Ͼզ
Ҳɩ˵Ӱǣߣʮ֮**֮ǰһЩ²ģҪСͬ־ܽˣ
ھǺ˲٣ɰ˵ĲС
ѧѾѾ֤һҶعںȴûһչ
ҶңæһûȥҶڡ
ȻҲȫ鲻գ뿴Щ첻ҶǰˣҶ᲻߲ϰߡ
ʧĻš
ȥܼҶ̬Ҳ˱仯
ǰҶϵ̬Ҳã̬ȴЩ䵭
տʼûϣܼҼӰӰͬҶϵԽԽãЩסʱʱܼҡ
ҶϵûչҶڵĹϵɲܻˡ
ʱʱҶȴЩʤ
˼ΣҶֻ˵ĻҲҶ£ų׼ˡ
ʱʱҼŮڵ£Ҳ˵ˣ⼸죬ҹء
״Ůͬ־ƶϴûأҲԸɵ£ÿûӦˣϴɶ˼ܲһֱûǣֲŮͬ־ġ
Ҷίﲻ֪״Ǽ٣ĿϴܶҲ֮ǰܵĶҶίѵøŮϵõ㣬ͬҽܡ
ͱܣԸҡ
ҶίͬҶŮϵˣٲģҲЩˡ
ҶϴĶԸ󣬿ϧҶίˡ
Ҷϴ£ѧ£ѧԼҶ˽ܸԼֶŮȻԼֶŮûϹΪӰ˰ѷѧܸżҵãЩ
ⲻ͸ĵֶŮҪǵֶŮԹĻôෳ£
ֶŮ͸ģǱҲԹⲻͬ¼ϱϧʮͳӰӣƲ߳˾ϱҲˡ
οϴǳ˾ϱæ


205 
ܶû,ҶҲûҹҺҶûŵһЩ
ⲻռĵš
¡
֮ǰͬѧ֤,˴£ﶼ֪Ҳͬ,ϾѧɱȵҶ̫ˣҪû׸
֮ǰҲ뷨,֪Ҷ,ʮֺڵΪûͬ¡
ص˸ڵҶҵŰݷá
Ůͬ־Ƥ
ڷ,Ůͬ־ͬ־ҵš
Ҷίû˵ɶֻҲܵԷĿ̫ǿ,Ϊѧ,ҶίûһøС
ϴ,ҶίȻҸʡĶ˾ϱһĶϱ
ԺԸ,öļһûϵ
ϧλͬ־˼̫,Ŀ̫ǿ
Ҷί̬ʮ䵭
ܾЩԣ֮ǰҶҶ̬ȻܸоҶίϱ
Ҷ̬Ҳ
תЩ,ȥҶңҶԶ̬Щ䵭
˴ֻܶԽڡ
ҪŮͬ־Ǹģ˵һ£ϧŮͬ־Ǹ,Ҳ鷳οûкӣٿҶϴֻҶϴҸʡĵϱΪԼɶ
Ҷ̬ȶԺӸϴһס
̬ҲʮַܣôòҲûá
Ʋѣֻ뿪
뿪ʱʾ֭Ҷ̬ȱ仯̫ԭ
ԼҲûɶ£ϴҶҳԷʱ򻹺úõġ
صҽң벻ͨ
ͬ͵͵ҪΪѧ֤¡
ͬ¶֪ѧĶ뵽ѧ֤ˡ
ѧˣʲôʱֵģ
ֻҶģԷѧûɶȤܻأѧѾ֤飬ɫ΢ǳϱܵģҲӰܵģɫ΢䡣
ͻȻ뵽֮ǰŸѧҶҲֻӰһ֪
ЩҶӰߵ̫Ҷ̬ͻ䣬˭֪ǲ˵ɶԽԽܣԽɫԽѿ
̽һҪӰĺ£Ҳкӹ
ҶҶ緹ʱ֪Ҷҵš
Ҷɲ̫ǾöԷʸ֦Ŀ̫ǿ
ҶʮֺڸôһҺһֱûӲ磬ӰһֱȰ࿼ǣ²ûġ
ҪΪ洦ţ治֪ô죿
СůҶȻʮϣҸ˵ĺö
Ҷڵ֣пһͬλͬ־˵
ʵҶû˵ɶɾԼٶĺû뷨飬ΪԷĿ̫ǿǹǸʱûиˡ
ڶԷʸ֦ҶҲ׻˵ĺߴߣ˵㡣
鲻ˡ
֮ǰһֱ˲ᣬˡ
Ҷ̬ͦûͿҶίͦģ¡
˶˼Ůͬ־ܲ㣿
ҶҲжˣŲϸţҲȰҶ
Ҳ÷Ϊѣ˵ȻĿ̫ǿԼƭôĸҲǼٵġ
ҶʱЩ
һҪǼŮҷԺȢкӹ
ҶѵӦҶ顣
Ҷҵ£Ӱ
ţӰæȥţֻû뵽
ⲻﻹиޱͷ۵
λͬ־ɫӰʮ֮**Ҷ֪ˡ
Ů˭ۼˣĸʱ߼ͬޱ˵̬ȸͰ
ޱҲǵһιϳ¼ţƶǸõڣֻҪĸڣͲҸš
˵ϱһ̫̫ˣ
ޱ˼ϳ¼ҵš
¼пˣޱ⡮¡˸ߣĸкøС
ȳޱһߣӰͬ˲զ죬˽Ժʵͬ־£
λͬ־ɫӰһʼĪ֮ʮ֮**Ҷ֪ˡ
Ҫôǣߡλͬ־١
ĸЬף̵ֶֻࡣ
עȴӰϣϸԽԽľɫѩףģԽ־ƯʮѾ֤飬Ҫģ˭֪Ҷ᲻ϲˣ
ⲻϴ˵ӴҶƺʮģⲻ
Ҷһֱ޶ԣ˭֪ǲˣǶԷš֦չԽԽ
Ӱɲ֪Էô࣬ԷĪν£
׻˵ֲЦˣʲôɫ
أҲûʲô£ֻû뵽ϱôϾǣߡ
Էѧûɶ飬Ӱ֪ѧϵͬһ㣬ܶǲǹȥʲô
ԽԽƶҶúҶҶ̬ȱ仯Ҫԭ˵ʲô
Ҷ˵Щ޷ΪֺҶһңôһ룬ԽмһҪ޽ҶңҲҪմҶҵĹ⡣
Ӱ˵˸ѧֵʱŶûɶ飬ͻȻе飿ֻǲǣߡ
ҲԼԷѧɶ飬̽ʵ˵ʲô
Ӱɲ̫ʵгޣ޹գգۣͬ־˵ɶ˵ҸҶĹϵ˵ɶ
ʲɶֻߣӰûʳɶҶǱȴ̽ʳ˵ס
ĻҶһЩթ˵ף֪Ӱ£ɫࡣ
ڵѧ̫ҪҲӰƼ˵ѧ֤ͬĲЩôû˵̥Ҫôûס
ʮҪǿʲҶңԺѧĶһϣôһ룬ѵЩڡ
ߣѧﴺ֤ھڻеನȾڷ˵¡
ȸӰԸȻ˵Ӱզզֶѧѧ⣬֤ͦġ
Ҳ֪տʼҲóżҵĸѧǲǸԼ£СĻž˵ɶˣֻ÷СͷȻȥҸڳܲС档
Ҵ˹ϵһ㣬ĸͬĸϵӼϵҲ
Сǳܲһֱ档
ԷĸҲϱܣԼ壬ȴһֱٷĸ⳥ҪϲӣʮֺڵΪ˵ͺôˣںˣûռҪ˹ʣðӣԽԽŻ


206 
ת¹ȥ,ȶӴ裬裬ӰҲ,¡
Ȼ£ɫĺãҲûһ,û֮ǰԽԽü۷Ϊſ͸һɽĵζ顣
кĸٳ,ʱʱгץ㲹Ӫ,Ҳû,ǼܻС첲СҲϸ,ΨһľǶӡ
Ƥͨ͸,͸,ƤӰÿͿи¶,ƤҲ⻬˿ǵļеһȡ
ߴɩǹС,Ӱ޾͸û޵С廹ôҲûô,Խֱп޸
̫զûúóԷһ
ߴɩôãɩӶôá
ⲻϣߴɩſڸӰ߶ƽնԵ,ԺӺá
ÿϳӱʱ֪ϱϳŷġ
ʵϣӰÿθڲԵҲ٣ֲˣĸ̾пվȥɽץץҰζûյʱڼҲȥ⣬ĸ
֮ǰӰ޵ʱ򣬳СӹԽСֲģÿĸڣÿÿһŲ΢ġ
ĸҲӰӹæˡ
Ůʱʱץ㣬żͷӰͷˡ
Ҳźȵ⣬²˶˲٣С˲١
С俴ó
Сĳ
⼸СųԵĺã˯úãһȦ°Ҳˣʮ
С緹ΧӰͳߣЦСùø̸ղű˵˲٣øҪҪң
С䣬һֱˣС˵۴УһԳܲӳùС屧СԸ˷ΧӰ߲ߣСܵܡ
ӰȻܲӣЩӣܲʱʱӰӣҲӰӴˡ
ֻĸ˵ܵܺܿóܲļ
ܲ꣬˵ŮС˵Ĳ㡣
꣬ȳš
Ӱ߹Ĳޱȴĸⲻ˳
߻ãֻҶܾܴޱߵͬĸദĸϧգ֮ܿգпա
Ӱ̥Ҳ֪ǲˡһѣﴺż߿ߡ
ԼԹŲ
żҵģ˵ôҲҵĵ㹤ʣžҪͻңҲңֶӵҲͬˣͬԸ
ﴺһֱȴڻţȻﴺ˵ģҲû˵
ﴺ˱仯е󣬽ܲˣ˵Ҫϼң˾Ȼûԣܴ
Ӱ²֮ǰֹˣ
ﴺҲֻ߿һûָӰæûɶ£˻ߡ
֮ҪĵǮңⲻӷ֣˷һ
ҽûмӣҲƫӡιҴǮ·⣬Ҳҽֶͬӵ£ҴûˣһֱԹҽҲ֪ҽ֮ǰ˶Ҵ̼ͬӣҽĺˡ
ʵûҽҲˣҽ뷨̸ճĺӣҴʮֶӣʮĺӾˣ֤ˣοʮֶӡûʲô飬̲ǰôҪңҲͬ⣬ҴԴȻִͬ£˵ҽܲ
֮ǰ㲻úùӣԴһ㣬Ӷںù
ûӵʺʱӻɣڣҲ֪Ժզ죿
˵һ£ᵽޱ£ҲǸ֪ޱ¼ҡ
³ޱΪҲӰ֪ܶûҫе飬ԸͦģԳޱȴһ㲻ĵɩӣɶճµŮ֪಻ɣǧƭˣҪɶǧͬ⣬ҿɲһףָǰŸܶˣܻسߡ
˵Ӫҵ죬浽ʱýܶ󣬰ߵӪҵǱ߾ͳɡ
˻ҲߣæҲûٿգҺǼǹֵģɡ
ߺӰ˵Գޱ˵ĹϵƤ򶼲ɣֻϣԷû˼ɲǣˡ
ޱպ¶糾Ͳп
Ӱа˸£Ƥһƾ֪ʮֲⲻζ
˵õϱΪ˸ӹĸɣպƤ˲٣ǰһЩ
ԽҸԺܻس㲻٣
ޱĺܺãĸǰң˵ĸֻĸȻޱܣûõĶСܽܣ
ĸӲ磬Ӱ˿
ӰĸӲ磬ȴóޱⲻֺڵΪٺԼСһ̫࣬Ҫõ椡
ʱûϢޱֻϲᡣ
ᵹ磬պҶίҲǾģҶϴҲûء
Ӱ֪ѳޱܸҶϴ󣬸պȽȥˮ
ýʮҶý
Ҷָͬ⣬ҶҴҲͬ⣬ָûġ
ûҲöˣӴˣ߶󷽱㣬ܿ衣
Ϊ£ЩӶû˯á
˯ʱӰǸ˰һᣬ˳̹׳ޱ£˵Էҹʮ統֪ࡣ
ޱҹɫ΢䣬ʮ治ɫȻ֪¡
֮ǰǺͲġӰһתֵûҪȥˣ
ţˣḧӣ۵ЦҲûϵ
Ҳ㲻Ӱʵ
˵ҪĶԺе鷳鷳ͳɡ
ḧӵһֱû뿪ӰͷӣԶĺҲʮڴͲ֪ڴĹŮǳܲǺڴĵܵܣ
Ӱ߰ԣڸһŮҲڰԣԵӰǶӻŮ
ųżҵǶ״һ޲࣬ʮ֮**ҲǹŮ
˸ŮûӵȸⲻģӺеˣӰβһû䣬Խ£ܵˣֻϣӰһŮóʧ
е˯ȳͷۣøԣ˹ŮûҲʧģԵһŮͦ۰ģչ˺úӣˡ
Ӱ״һһģһ϶ǹŮƶ
ƶĻ˵㾫񣺡ϱҪŮŹʧ
⻰ܲ٣ֻӰŮóʧźá


207 
ϧº,Ӱ˸߽صСʧֶʼʮֲƽ⡣
Ҳʧѣûȼ˲õ˼С˼ڱȽϡ
˼Ӱ,մҽһؼ,һؼ,ɩǶ֪Ѿˣ˸ֵСӡ
ߴɩصعӰɴϣɫЩ΢ףɫǲ
û°ɣ
û,ɩӡ
ߴɩӰɫ˿,ȻɫӲ뱧ӣ޴룬Ҳ治ɫ򾲡
ֵĺڳߴɩ̲ס˼,ƳţǸɵ˰ɣ
˸ߴɩĻӰЦ,ɵֻ֪˵ҽҸƼС˶ɵ죬ðһ䡮ôСӣ,֮Ƴ۶ûߡ
ﻹ˵أ˼ҵһ̥Сأ
ⲻ,ֻҪŮ,˾ŸµĹŮڳ˶,ȷʵе
Ӱ˳ȻӹŮϲһͬʡ
ߴɩһͬӰ˵,һ߿ӱ߾ӵƣƼģߴɩһ
ϣ⺢ӳĿ߯߯ˣ
Ҫ֪ճĺӶеͰ͵ģϴǣ
⺢ӳƯ
ӺͳСڳӵĺģҲɰ
ӰƲӳ࣬˳Ժˡ
úӸϱ鲻ԽӸϱۡ
ûӰߴɩһûһģĸ˸õȣ̣Ӱȡ
Ӱĸôζر㣬øߴɩæզġ
һ굽ͷҼһҲ㣬ҲԹ㣬ô㣿
ָӽ̵ģߴɩæֽ̣ĸæ߸ߴɩզ㡣
Ӱæ䣺ɩӣҪȥȣϾƷŵ٣Զŵζ㡣
ǳɣǳɣҵʱԣ
ߴɩ˻ߣȸߴɩߺ󣬳ѺСķߣӹ룬ιˡ
ĸֵռСڡ
ӰڴһڽһںȣҲ˺ȡ
۲ۣգղҽϱӵĽֺ£ҪǹŮϱˡ
úȣθҲô࣬ϲϲӡ
СӣզʧӰʱߵͷ߿ӣĲУż̧۾һۣһ˵ϲԵģóһͿʵʵ˵ϲ
Ӱ΢Ц鲻һ룬ʣµĸ˰Բ
߼ң˵ܵܵĳܲ˷ܵĺ޲ñ˵ͷ¾ǣҵܵܡ
֪⺢Ӷˡ
ⲻղ⺢ӿӰĺӲܵ߼Ҹ߼ֵԼСߴߴ
ѹ벻Ӱĺӡ
ҵܻ̫ܵСˣڻܱ
ҵ֪ܵܲɶʱ˵
ҵܵܳˣҴ
ܲһСѵߴߴСҲ˷Ա߲䣺˵ܵ˵Ҫþõġ
ԶʮҲҵܵܣҲ档
͸ԶһЩ²٣֪ӵùòŻ˵󣬳ܲС֪ǵܵҪôòŻ˵Сᣬܲļĸֱץɣȵҵܻܵ˵
ߴߴûãĸܲСȥ
ܲСֱʢһܵ߼ȡ
˵úˬԶǸСԻܵܲǰܲιһһУԶԵ̻ʡ
Се᲻øֻøԶһܲ󷽣Զζ־㳢ζ
־Щ˼ٳ˵ĸ־Ҳ̲ס˿óԡ
ʵǰҲԹ㣬Ū̼Һúȣ
־ʮʧԼզһ㣬Ҫһպþͺˡ
ӳ¼СԺؼһûɶʱĸߴɩƼܲ󷽸ԼҼСеĻ棬СӲĲУ׼ؼ˵ôղֲʱԼ˳ζ϶
ĸȶ˲˽ιϱԣȻԸԡ
ܲС̲סƵܵܣ˷ݿӡ
̫Сǿ޾˯С˻û˼ͻˣǳܲʮģһֱŷһԿӣԹҲûܣſӰƺӡ
СܵҪܾòŻ˵
Ӱ⺢ӽĹĿ࿴ɫСһԴҲŪӣܲ⺢˵˵ܵҪòŻ˵
þãܲСᣬ΢٣ֵһȵܵ˵󣡡
¼СԺպгĪһΪĸĻƢϱѵó
ԭĸֻǿһӰһ̥ӣȱΪӰ˶ӵŻƾɶզǮ
޶״Ҳ࣬ӦǮǡ
ĸ֪ϱխû뵽խҲЩŮҲزϱԼҹŮĸҲ֪ԼϱϲСϱȥ̲ס˵˼䡣
֪⼸ֱըˡ
ŻȳԴǽһͷۣҲûԣܳ׼ȥ߼
ߴɩȰʱ򣬾ȴ£
ǲۺڳ¼СӣûǮ
զˣǲҪӰϱ
һȰܵĸڼҵĶϱզŮɶ
仰ķĸ˵ϱ˵뷨ƸСϱථ¶ãҪĻĺãԼϱ
ϱƽϣһ롣
ɤ̫󣬷ҴִţĳҲȻһΡ
ŻΪȻͷĸŮ£ֱӵţ뷨ɲȡŮզˣֻгСӣζҪŮأ
΢٣Żʳţţ˵ǲǣŮɱСϸĶ¶ˡ
ŵĻֻҪŮĳˣ޲ԼСӾǹŮ
Ȱܳĸߴɩ˵һӣŶˣ
Ů˵һ̥ǶӺãܣֳӸɶ
ߴɩҵÿӵһ̥ҲСӣҪƳĮ˵ģվŲ˵߯ˣøɫ˶ľս
ⲻƷˡ
ʵϣȻͦ³ģϽ͵ţšɩӣҺûеŮزֵ϶ϱ¡
Ѿˣ벻Ȼúÿ⿪⣬ѹߴɩ֮ǰȻúõأͻȻʮ֮**˸Сﲻء
ߴɩҲ֪˵ɶĴû룬Ȼȴ뵽һЩ˵׽Ȼ֪
ɫûʲô飬ֻ˦һ䣺ŮܺãԺҪٳϱ
˵תߡ
Ȼ˵˵Ҳ߯ˣҲǣж˲˵ôɣγϱҪûСӣܲ˵ôɡ
Ҳ֪ǲ̫ڳҪ̤¼СԺʱȻӴͻȻڵǸϲСӻǹŮ


208 
Ӻ͹Ů߳ȻǺԥѡҪŮ,ҲøȻ˵
СԺĸҲӸڼһˡ
ȥȰܣڼҳԼ,ĸڷ̲סڼϱɶ,զ͸ڼϱǲǲԸֲõӲǱ۾۾
һ,ۼҲöԶŵͳɡãö˵ͬȵ£οЩֻڼ﷢ûص磬öƽˡ
ŮĿĸҲûƽ,Ů,ĸѿռСڡ
,Ϣɫ,
ɳɳɣСҲǣĸء
ĸһ,ȥϴ,ĸǲӰϴ,Ҳ,Ӱɴĸڣ˰򵥲˸
֮ǰ˵¶ҲһЩ,ܾе۹
ˮݣС壬ֻĿ޳Ĳ,˺˹Ѿһûϱˡ
Ҫٹ´ˣټķŸ裬ҪǿԣȥسһҸƬʱļŻȥզ¸硣Ӱʡ
ʵЩһֱڰٳ֣س̫ԶҲûȥӰһЩС㶫˳һȥسҸƬ
С׼ˣӸճҲĸա
Ӱָ˵ԼĴ㣬һû壬ֻ򵥻һš
̫ϧӰΪջͷҪʣ˰סףͷݺ˹߻أɣ㣡
ףӰ˿ؿ۽Ƿ죬˶Ųߣãֱ׵촽ײſ
ӰŸɾ¶ӣӰȻһȥسǡ
ӰʻĸܲС
ĸǰŮĴڲˣȽϺسǡ
س̫ԶСʱŵسǣ³ʱĸŵǶسǣس߯Զˡ
Ӱĸͼûγ˿
оӰ¶ȴĸȥسǹ龫Բ֣ͷЩȥسǸһϾɵİٻֱʸӶ·׶УȻԼҹŵ·Ҳû
ԸҲһɫȹɫƤЬʱƯ
ԴʱۻԱ޿ֱۡ
Ӱˣÿô
Ȼ˵ÿʵȷʵÿÿôƶƲ˲ؼﲻκơ
·ӰҲ򣬲ƽմĶǾװԸҲӰҲˡ
ӵ·˼ĲԺԸΪôСĺӳÿ죬·ԸȽϺá
֮ǰĸ֪ԼҹŮַ߯سǹֿǮһû꣬Ҫ
ƫƫŮԱ˵˵á
ǵŮණȥʱĸ˵һ죬˵·Ӧãϰˣϴ·ûء
ԸҲʡŵǮ
øԼ׹Ů⣬չôãҪ㶫ôҸ缸˵Ҳû·ͶഩҵТġӰأ΢٣ЦżԼ·йզ򶼳ɣŮ϶Ҳû
ʱ򣬳𿪿ڵۼǮ·Ҳü⣡
ĸ
ⲻ·Ӱȥ֮ǰȥݣһһȫҸ
Ҳֱ˵գճĺӰͳһյġ
ӰʦϴƬռϴƬ˶ʮ顣
£ĸͦϡģ߯ˣ⻨ǮҲۣҪ֪ղŰٻһ˵ĳ²Ű˿զҪʮ顣
ҺùŮ˵ѵһĸҲƬȥԼϰƹŮĺӣ˳ҫһԼұ
磬ĸû˶ۣĸڹŮסôã˵ɶ˵ŮŮҪզסôã
˶۷𷼵ĺøҲ۷ƫģϱҲˣզֻȥչ˹Ůȥôã
峤·ƼҲ̲סʵ𷼻ûش壿ɶʱȥҲ߯ˡ
׼ҹϵԽԽã϶һϵã϶ϱģȻسǣʱʱȥڣгϢϲ϶Ů
ֻڵզû׼԰һ˵϶Ҳ١
ԼӹƵڹŮ޺ܻҲǣԼҹŮԼǱߴһչ˹ŮҲá
мϱٳ֣ڼϱٳּҲԽԽģˡ
òģҲТ˳
ҲϣԼչ˺ԼҹŮֻҲ֪Ůûզ
ͬ峤˵˻Żȥ
ȥʱ򣬳϶һңϴһҶڼҡ
ϴҲԼզûһֱСǱҲ¡
ɩС϶СǱ߹ӡ
Ҳأ϶ǣļҵ޵ʱ϶ûɣ
ǿ϶ûءϴʵ
ƵС˺ӲŻҲ֪ԼϱҲˣԼûģʱ̶Լĺúöˣż͵͵ǮһңĽûһ
˵տʼԼ޽ҹãʮҼ޽ҡ
ҼͥպгֵܹϵãȻżìܣɶСìܣһرŽᣬֶһһֺãʲôģ
Լ̫ƫСãĽҲûɶ
ҹϵг⼸ȴĲ˳ڵĳӻˣڵƲңϣԼһ㡣
ĸȥũ˲٣⼸ڵ֪϶˸ϱĺܺã˸ӣڵĳӶˣϧûкҩ
ԼֵĹԼø
ȥСͳܲݰӰӣӰڸԼҹŴ׼ʱĹȥ
ĸڼ·ʱͻȻĸƽվеţ̲ס缸϶˵ȥأҲ֪ٳֵôɩҲˣƿˡ
ĸ۹ŮҲ̫ԣϱĺϱչǷĵģҪӣ϶ûȥ׼ЩŮӴСȥ
Ӱ֪᲻Ҳֻͬ⣬ҪɩûлޣܶһЩӣɩҲˣﵽʱ϶ûȥ
ȻЪšĸŮ߶ʱҶš
ӵӰˣһԲɫ估ȵȹţƯ
Ƥõļûëףкͳ⼸£һֱպ϶˵⣬˲٣ü۳죬续üƳһ۶Ƿ飬СûͿ֬ȴ͸Ȼĺɫ
ɫģҶöˡ


209 
˵,ҶҲǵ֪Ӱصˡ
û뵽ɫôãճ˵Ҳûб䣬ʮŮҶ̾,ҶҲ
Ӱ˳緹ûͳޱҲһɺϡ,Ӱ֪˵ɶ
ٲ,ֻܿһ緹
ӰĸӣԼȥˡ
ϱȥ㣡ޱƽ
ޱ䣬ҲʾԼҪæϱ,պһἸҳˡ
˻ô˵û,ĿעҶ,Ӱõˡ
Ҷһȥ
緹һ㡢㹽ո˿һͲˡ
Ӱڳ˵ʱ,߸Ҷ˵
Ӱ,ԭ֪ǳý㣿
ϴҶŮ֪̫˵,ֱܸ磬ԷҲͦԵ֡
ӰƳһ۾֪Ҷ˼ǧͿȰ˵ҶҴýʡ
ý¼ҴܵɶӰûһøС
˴ý㣬ƽոҺûɶ֮Ǹǹϵһ㡣
Ҷﲻ֪Ӱ˼Ҳ,ЦҲͨˣֲҶԸҶҼɶ,ʱҺİ컵զ죬ǿԵ֣
ô˵ӰҲͷĲˣټҶίӦʶޱʮ֮**ɣýղҶҴȻǿжԷˣһ㣬ҲԷ뷨͵ˡ
Ǹý濴ˣǴ˽ܺ󣬸ҶҴȷҶίû취ڣ
ֻϧҶҴƺûԸ
Ӱ˵ɶޱͻȻ˳Ҫɶæһ߶˲ˣһ䡮ϱһϱҶ֪˹ϵ
Ӱպãղ˵ʱ򣬲ζƮ⣬Ҷסˣοͳޱ
ͳޱֱʿˮǳޱ֪һֱûôԺãⲻƼӰĲˣޱ۾ɴˣʮֲζ
ҪͬҶ󣬵ʱҶίϵĻ˵ھѧϰ飬йɣޱԽԽĶ
ҶҶޱԽصģسǵʱû룬ҶԽҶʺ
Ӱɲ֪ޱ뷨Ҳ̫ͬ׽ڵҶ㣬֪࣬ԳԷˣ
ޱġ֪࡯üͷ壬ˣʶҶҲҶûɶɿ
˲һԷ
ӰȥҳܲСӳ緹ϧûţкˣҲʹԸٳԷ
㣬˲ĲУȴĲɳԲ¡
˲˭
˵ҶܾǰҶδĶ󣬿ӪҵֽܳޱҶƫƫޱǳ¼ҵݣӰģʶǨŭ
ԼĿǣλ£Ҫû͡Ҷˡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôŮ˵ֱܾҶӰ̬Ȳһ㡣
ѾӵӰϲޱĲɳԷʱ̣ǳޱ̬ʮֲ
Ҷ̬ЩԳޱӡöˡ
ʤ֮ġ
ʱ򣬼пû˵ɨݵĲˣ֪Щϱġ
֮ǰݻֵ˵һ͸Զ˱Чǿ轵Ҷͬк󣬳ޱ
ӦЩ֣ƼɫݺһӰæܣͬ־λҰ˳
ϱզʤˣԼҴӣ֮ҹƶƺӵġ
ʤȲȿӣĸӳ˼쿴ӡ
ҶҶǵӣҶ˼е㸴ӣĽţȢ˸ôϱ˺ӣ²ˡ
ӵʱȴ뵽ͬҶʱ򣬵ҶСҶ׸⣬γйˡ
ϧʱǸСʿǰߴ˻Ӫ
ת۶ԷôӣҲѲʶˡ
ȷʵǵˣͬҶкЩʧ䡣
кԸӣĸȳԷ
ŮȳԷﱧžͳɣĸء
ޱӣҪȳԷ
ĸóޱæԸԷæܾڣͬޱƽϣû˵
ұȥι̣ȳԣҲÿᵽι̵ʱӰҲûʲôθڣɴ౧ȥι̣ĸһԷ
ͷ
Ӱι̵ʱ˻Ƕһ׷ϲԵĲ˽
ղӰǰӲĲ˼飬ι̣ɴιԷ
֮ǰιԣԷιɶ
ӰæʾȻԸԾͳˡ
ȳԼڣ๣رǿƣӰֻſڳ˼ڷ
ιιĿ鲻Խϱ΢СϣӰûƼԼķ˺ϲϴθڣ˻ش𣬲Ÿ˳ȥԷ
ӰĲ˼һɨ⣬⼸ˣҶҶԼʤ䰮ԼĽĴ㣬Եر㣬ҶʤԵĸǾޣ۾˿ƵƵ˼С
ɶζզôãɩզģɩĲզôóԣ
ʤ̲סп˵ҶҶҴ缸
ͳޱٲԸӰ˺óԣ˵ζҲòĲζ߯ãҲ֪զģʮԼղûмڱȥˣҪһȽϣûʲô˳Ĳ̫Ρ
ЩҲʮַϳθڣҪиޱܳ׷
ʲôʱߵӰι̣ʱڽ͡
ģûб£ֻϱСֶӡ
ˣҵ治ǹٺܸģҪ֪ôܻ˽ܸ磡ص̫ˣҶ֪Ŀرڣ
ޱڸгϢõ޲ϵϧѹ
Ųһޱսսģޱ˵ϻҲûӦһֻ֣˦һ֡
߳ޱûֵãһҶҶ˵Сӹ治ȴЩĲɡ
ûλŻãˣȴ̲סǰĽӰĸ
֪ҪĻץסҶڵ꼶壬ûˡ
ղӰӹ̫̲סͷϱȷʵӣ̫ˣļɩôࣿ
ʤ컹ڻζղųԵĺòˣǵզôóԣûһζմ¸ҲЩԼһ㲻ͬĻöԷе٣ղſûٳɩĲˡ
˳㻹ͦңûͬλͬ־һԺ󴦶˲÷զ죿Ժզ
ҶҲͬĻüͷԼ˵ŶӰöã
Լϱ˵ʤЩŶɩӺãҶ㲻ã
ҶȻ֪ʤãʤӴ֣ڸ͸ͨһ˿Ҳûг۾￴Ӱ͸Ĺ⣬֪֮ݣĪĽ˸顣
ʤûҶϸ壬벻ͨö룬ӲܺúùӾǸˡ


210 
Ӱ,ʰ꣬ÿߵ磬ҪƼƱ˵ĳʰĻ,׼°ͶҪ
ĸڳ¼ҵЩѾϰŮϴ룬Ҫզ˵Ůƾĸϴ,ҲŮ
ĸԽŮԽ˳ۣ׶ӻ˳ۡ
ܲСҲٻͷ,ͨͨ,ӰëӲ
Էʱ򣬳ܲûԼҵܵܣ
С,ܵأҪȥܵܣ
ĸЦŻأɳɳ,ܵ,ȥƣ
ܲȥ,СûˣճĺӲǿ޾˯رģҲڵϰǷ
ܲĿİװֵĵܵܣӰӺ󣬺ӳر죬СҲ,ģܲȴ˳ɡ
ΨһӰľһ˫ˮѵһۣëŨϸ,СһСƯ
ܵܳԷûСܲӰӰϴ룬ݿ,߻سܲĻֵĸֺǺǵġ
תһݹȥӰû˸żҼ˰Ƭţ˰ƬźһСϼҡ
ӰģصضＸ죬ڣȥһŸ磬пռȥվˣָóƱŷġ
ڵʱӰ׼Ƥ±һ׼öɳںͻ֥ڵĵϣƤŴ׷ˮ죬̱ࡣ
Ӱ׼ĥߡ
ĥصؿһ仨һµĶɳڱƤ±ãĸֱ֪˵ɶˣԼҹŮզôֱĻÿ
ջƼԼϱһ±ĸ⾫Ư̵ĵеһȣ֪˵ɶ
ھûϱɵġ
ѧģ
Ӫ꿴ʦѧġӰء
˴ҴҪҴߣϱĻһЦû˵ŲţϱϻۣɶȻš
벻ԣԸãӰһĥ߰ѹɻ״ó۽硣
û߾վţҲ±ӰֻøһõıƤ±˲ӣӰֻۣιߣڳĴָͬĸкߡ
ʮгɾ͸еӰ
֪ӰƤ±ĳܲСҲûȥ档
ӰıƤ±Сһ̾ܲӰɣСһ̾ͳһ
Сզô
Сãɶɶ±զôÿҶûСʱ̿ˮһƾ֪ˡ
ǺóԵ±ܲͷעĥϣղС֪ɶһһ仨ܲʮֺ档
ԸҲģѧ
Ҵһ϶ϲԣҪ֪Сüҳ˺öóԵģ϶ĽҡС˵
ϲԣСö㣬ʱϼңӰ˵Сͳܲһ±ζıƤ±ȻʮֺóԣӶʮϲԡ
Ӱ㣬һĸȴ۷ϣѵһΣҲö˵ˣȴһЩʱϼúӳζͳɡ
Ӱȴ㵽ʱ˶ζƤ±ŴڲһЩڷԣԷһʱ䡣
Ӱ˼±ڸ߼ֵܡ
߼ֵҲڳԲδ
ǺɫװĴ֥飬ߴɩķ֮һֵܷ֣ʣµ֮ԡ
ֵû
Ը߼ֵ˵ֱûбȴζĶ
СͳܲƤ±ֵžƯıƤ±ˡ
ߴɩôµĵĵ֪Ͷء
ɶ±ĿáզģզôÿĵĶÿ
ߴɩ֪־µĵĿɹˣǮû뵽һþǸߴɩ֪˵ɶˡ
ܲ˵±жɳںͻ֥ڵģǻڵģԲεǶɳڵġɳ
СҲͷ͡
ȳܲСһߣߴɩֵֻܷ֣ʣһԼ˳ԡ
ֵܷ±ʱ򣬸ߴɩҲһ£ζ治ȸպãֶ࣬ŴŴֺóԣһ˶ϲԣẢˡ
Ȼ
ղֵܻǴóԵģȳӰıƤ±ֵһϳ㣬ŨŨĶɳڻǻֵ֥̻ʣóԵĲˣֻûб±óԵıˡ
ϸŻؼҳԵ֥黨ڵģҲǾ÷ǳóԣɶ±߯ˣرޡ
Ӱ߼ֵ˼ҲţҡܼҡҶҡҡҡҼұȽ˼
˷ѧҶӰգ֪ĶûвóԵģѧӵƼ¼±Ҳˡ
ʵ±̫£ѧһһζζó𣬵֪ӰģӶĲУ߯ÿˣҶû뵽ɩӾȻĺգǰû˭ܰɶ±ôÿֺóԣ
ζѧϲ𣬿ҲζǳպóԵǻ֥ڵģر㣬һδԡ
˰ԣʣһ±ʡԡ
֪㣬ܸҶٳûĳޱѵЩļϳǸõ֮ܶǣޱҶ˼Խ϶
ޱʱŮ֪Ͻأ۴¡
˵﷢һܴ£ĴӳӾȻһŮ֪ˣҪ֤飬ӳѾͬˣ֮ǰͬ⣬ⲻϡô
⵽զ£ӳզͻȻͬˣӳҵĲͬ¿Ƕײǽˡʡ
Ů֪಻ҪӳҶ͵͵СˣҲ֪ǲӣԴӳͻȻͬˡ
⵹ǿܣŮ֪Ҳ߯Ҫˣ˾͵ðPƴӳҲǱٱòͬ⡣
ޱ²֪ôͻȻ뵽ͬҶ£ҪҶҶίͬҲͬ⣬Ҳù˼ҶίţֻϧҶ̬ƺʮͨѹû
ޱģټϻиڣޱЩס
ޱȥҲʱԶԶͻȻƼҶסӰ˵
ϴ䵭̬ȣЦݣĳͦģޱ˼
ԶҶסҲʶľٶ˵˵˳лһͱƤ±¡
ԹӰıƤ±Ҳóϱʵɣصظлһ
֪ΪʲôͬϱӴԽкøУֻϧ˼ڲ黹ˡ
Ҷź
С£ҶҴϲԾͳɣˣȥöˡ
ȵȣܵķѧǶͦõģ
Ӱ
ϤʶĶܸôҶʡ
Ӱȴ㱻Ҷ⻰ǺסҸҶҴִܶһξͲˣ˵Ķ
֪ģҶԺٸ˵Ҳɣ
Ӱ


211 
,ӰԲʱղҶҴ绰˼ǴҶˣ
ҪҶίҶ֪Ƹ˲١
ɶˡ
Բ,ӰƼᡢ⡢Źǡܲòˡ
ŨŨĲζƮԺ,Һø߼θߴɩҲò,ζȻûиڳ¼㣬ɲʵڵĺò,ߴɩ
ͺջ˸Ҳߴɩֵһ𣬸Զ֪˵ȥ͸ҳܲ˵¡
ϴ,ȻҸ㳢ҼҵļԣرóԣԶ
,Լеܲԥܾ,ߴɩļûҵĹ⻬,ҵļĩ,ررó,ȸ߼ֻŵϵļó̫ˡ
ϴ̽ɶˣԶʡ
βȳܲػ,Сָ˵ԼСɶ,ֱĸԶ̿ˮۣ˺öˡ
С⣺ǣ
ҼҽҲˣϴɶ
Բԣܲ˸룬֮ǰֵķѣֽ˹ʵ,ժϴɾˣһһĹģ˼С͸Զʣµķѡ
ķѻǺģС͸ԶǺϲԣԶͻȻСϴ˵Ҫϼô
һҪؼңСԴģСöԵģŴ
ߴߴ˵ֱһŮ˰θ˼һ
˭
ԭԴϴΣһֱͬĸԸǿСͷӲ˳ۣ̲ס
ңԴ˹ŮûӵƢ˲٣Ƴ԰׷ķСͷôô˳ۡ
֮ǰΪװһЩװװ
ŵɫ԰׵ķСæҵСǹˮʪ·
ȸղŻؼҵʱ򣬺ˣСĽʪ·ܷ
ĸĲУԸ󣬺ο˻Լϱϱôȥˣ
ĸһ쵼Ъȷ˼
˯ǰȲֺĸŮķȻ۵
֮ǰΪﻳƢһһһ䣬ﶼºӼˣƢȻҲʱʮҵһ̥ǹŮҪϱ죬զ죿
Ȼ䵭̬ʮַŭȻǲҲĹŮ
ܿ첻ȷȻڣֵҾ֪ҲĹŮ
Խ˵ۿ΢죬Ȼˡ
ͻȻչҺͺӡ
զɣզ룿
ȺҪչӼγ鷳ھӣȻҲû˼ͬȳܣֻʱͬ˼
һӰϴϴ󣬼ųȰ뿿ڴһ౧źӣʱЦ
Щ죬˱ӶǲЦģһӣӾͿޡ
͵͵ԹŮզѵһࣿÿǶӣҪǹŮСզ죿
ӰҲһֱҪŮҪ⺢ǹŮô
û
Ӱӹӵͷ׺Ӷͷʱţ򣡡
¸磬ҲͷұӣӰ
ϱͷӰι̣żмʸɵͷںϣСӰæס˿
;ţӰ˽ŵ˲ǳܲ˭
ܲһ˯Ӱͬ⣬ͬ⡣
СҪߣܲһ£˻ܵܲߡ
˵ܲôϲ⺢Ӱûģ˹ﻹŹŮء
Ӱѵá¸磬ǲǲϲСӣ
ôܣ
զ˵㱧ɫѵһܲ㣿ڻãԺզ죿ӰھͿʼˡ
仰ҭĳƿԡ
ȻҲϲӣֻһֱԳС
СްŮԿǡ
ôһ룬ѵĽڷż˸СŮ
ӰڸϲСӻǹŮ
ϲ
ѡһ
ʵϵĺܣԥѡŮ
Ӱ
ȷʵŮͷСӳƽʱԵĵط⽥
ߣסЩӣ
Ӱû⣬˵ɩҲˣƿˣȻȥ
ӰҡҡͷûпգСȥվϳˣŷġ
ɣ
Ӱͷͷ˺󣬿ɫ˸Ҫ˯˱ϡ
˲٣ȻϸסͷסĻԵĴ೤ֱ뷭ͣӰ׵ԼԼֻһ䣺һϱһŮ
ܿ죬֨ͣ
죬ĸСȥسǳվӰӺͳܲҲһ
һֱվӰᣬĸСҲر᲻á
ܲѵС˵ߴߴ˵ͣ
ӰͳĸС˳վ˻վòߡ
磬ڳվûлֱ
ûãŴǣС˿ӹĴ
ˣСø÷զ÷û۸Сã¿ھʡ
۸ȻûеģŮһֱŸأøĶ˵ɶʱϴһˡ
С˼ĳе³ȴ˾񣬵Ȳ壬СüҿɺˣرԵģСùøҶرá
Сúþͳɣ˿С˲٣±˲١
һ˱߱˵С˵СüҳɶóԵģÿһٷˣһ˶ˮ
СùԽԽˡ
ĸƫĹŮҲûϱǲ¸ޡ
һ˵ޣЦ̲ס¶¸£
ĸصңһ˳϶سǣȫڼϴ󼸸ؼϱ
ϴ󼸸ãĸҼϱС꼸۾ȴĸĴ
СضСõĴ󷽾϶ɶö
СһСԸӣⲻƼԼҶӴ˲ٻ˲٣һƾСõĹ͡
ҪǳϲԣС궼ԼҶӳɶóԵģզôࣿ
ռ˱˵ĺС껹Ǹ˵ġ
Ľ൹ûкС˵С˼Ŷء
󻢺ͶƼСҲرˣֵߴߴȴ󻢺ͶСС˵ԸÿСøɶóԵģɶˣÿ춼˳ԣ󻢺ͶĽֱۺ졣
Һúܿĸ򿪰вٳԵģйͷ龫ԲƤ±⡢ɳָ꣬ĺóԵĿĴ󻢶ѾѾĿɿڴ
˶ˡ
ˣÿ˶ºףĸԼϰԴŮ·
ǹŮĵڶ·ʮָּˣ촽£ֱ˵á
ҵ죬СզôණС÷ˣ÷ûɣ
ҵ죬⵽ɶģզôƯ


212 һʮ
һƯµĵС,һ˸Ǵס
⾫ƯĵıĻƯҵϣŮСãզô
СȵĸбƤ±,رó,ҳԹö,СԼġСÿˡ
ĸŽŵƷûﲻ÷СõʵҹŮ,ǲ֪÷զԺ̫̫Ҳöˡ
ĸ˵ʵȴһ,÷ҪǲСãôණ
ҶôƯĵľȻСģȵ֪⡢Ƥ±ɳ궼Ӱ,Ҷʮ𾪡
С߯ˣȴĻƯ
ĸȸ˱Ƥ±һ˳,ÿһǳԵŨŨɳڻǻ֥ڵ,ϱŴ,ƽղϲζҴ缸Ƥ±̫ó,˵ӺͺС꼸
ǶûԹôóôı󻢺ͶԵóԵľǰСļ,ֻԹһ,ɶζˣֵܶóԵóԵĹˮǡǣֵܾóԵɶ±ǳԹǺó౶
Ƥ±ɩСеԣ̲ס,Сøۼôණ÷û
ɶŮʽȫСùܣҪɶɶȥЩӣŮַٴҲûŮ˵ɶ
ĸ˳㻹˸˵ŮϽʣÿ컹ϴϴ·
ϣŮ۹զôã
˵ŮԼҹŮǺõ˵һ䲻߰ڵҴ缸ͼǳϴϴ·Ŀɿڴ
ɶҵ죬㲻ǿЦɣ÷Ǿ٣ƽնϴɶ·Сøɶɩرﲻסʡ
СòôĸտʼҲӦŮϴϴ·ĸƫԼҹŮƫĵӦ
ĸĻúСꡢءĽ༸Ľۺ죬־С߯զ˽̵ô
˵Լ޵ͦãһԱ˱ˣϴ˵͵Ĵ壬ɻɶɣ˵ϴϴɶˡ
̣һҪɶ󻢺Ͷָ˵
̣ҲԣѾѾҲ˲٣˵СҲҪԣһǷ˵Լɶò˺óԵģ󻢶ѣֲ͵ظǳԣ
˻ỵġС
ɶԣ·ɩСæ
ԵģɩСȰѼӵõһԸԡ
·УôƯ·󻢶СҲֵ·󻢶ߵ̣´ȥСüҲҪȥҲСá
ѾѾ۵ҲȻû˵ͰͿĸ
ĸ˵ôСŮȥԼҹŮϣڰ֣Ժ˵
ɩСϲ̸С·һ׶УСզô
ټԼСӣ϶ҺӻڶûأռˣСһ֡
϶ϱֻӣɩұҶһףһײ¼ʮǮأ϶Ľѣզӣ
ϱĽû뵽ĺӻ·ĽʮָмĽСá
Ҽû·ҼԼСôֱʡԼҺһһºףҲʮָмָˡ
ҴСզô·
֪СöǸ缸˰ɣǣզ
ܸô·ǲ֪Сĸ
֪СöǶǶԺСɶ£ֵܼ϶Ҵ缸
ĸָԼϰŮ߽ص߯߯ˣ˵ֱɵ֣Ҳ˵Ļš
ĸóƬСָƬ˵ĸοѴ󻢶ĽӶˡ
֪ҲȥҲࡣ
ĽĲ󻢶Ҵ缸ʹɩС꼸ҲˣСûȥˣҵ죬СҲˣ˵س߯ˣʮСզôã
Ľ໹ãɩȴĽˣ֪СȥԼҲһȥ
ռ˱ˣС˵ĲУ
ϣҵ죬С⺢յҲ߯ˣƬҵˡˣǳ¡÷Ӱɣզôôˣ
һעڳܲϣ֪㣬ϵ֪ĸûĽӰַ
ĽԼ˵ĲУԼ÷Сá
Ľ൹ǾԴСü˺󣬽Ǳһˣ֪㲻ûŮ֪Ͻϣûͬ⣬֪ǴСãĽ൹ǰСõַ߽ˡ
ӰھյϵĪ
Ͽŵʱڼලܲдҵ
ܲտʼ˵Сее棺С˭д
ôԣӰܲСܲЦߺţ̣ʵϣҲû뵽дŵľȻǽϡ
Ҫţˡ
ѾӣĺܺãûˣţŸϣ̳ܲдҵ
ֻ˯ǰû뵽ŸƼһƳƳϵһǵһ䡮ĺòáĻٿŷϼǽϡ
Ȼǵλ֪࣬ɫڳ
ӰڶҲûأ뵽ôɣƫƫƼˡ
λ֪ţ˳ʡ
ӰûŻأϸɫޱ飬ɫеĮӰǲ飬ֻ˾Ȼǵýϡ
ΪӰ˵ĸ飬Ӱװɵ֪˭
ϧ̫ǿһͻһͻ飬Ӱֻʵλ֪ˡ
Ҳ֪ôͻȻţҲû˵ɶҹզ
һ䣬ɫˣڻסԣͷȺݺݶסĴһԵ̵ֶǹ˳ͻȻʣأ
ƽӰȴܾ͸һΣգȷǲǳԴףҡͷ˸Ƿûء
أ
Ӱ
Ӱ̽أˣ
ޱһ۾ͷѵðԵأ
˵ӶˣѲɻˡ鸴ȼ
ô룬Ҳô˵ˡ
Ӱ˵ɫǺڳĸеһȣӰЦ㲻˰ɣҶһۿɫԽ࣬ӰϽֹסЦˣ˵ˣˣ˯ˡ
ӰǷϴ˯
ȴϷŹˣŷѹϣϴѹȥܿ֨졣
һ˺ݺҪΣҪŮǷţŻһ֡
緹ʱӰŶߴˣѵ˳Դ׵ģǻһΣС֤ͼ򵥹ˣ̸˵ʱ٣黹ͦõġ
ɫޱ飬ֻʱʱвˣӰԼСɽѵĲˣΪ£ͻȻʣǷŻڣ
ڡӰ˼򴽸ЦȻ緹ӣ
ӣ
Ӱ
ܲԵĹģҲ廰СǲǷšΪɶҪӣ΢٣СһܿƽʱŸҼĵҶûӣţСզţ


213 ڶһʮ
ЩſԲ,ЩŵȻܲأ˵ԴôԣӰɵ˲Żء
Ȼ,û취˵
ת۹ڵũʮ,ա
Ӱ԰,԰ֵ˶ջ,棬ӰСײ׼
֮ǰߴɩ͸ڷĸʱʱ,Ӱ˲ˣҲҸһЩСײ˺ͿϻƹϿĲˣȥͲ˵ʱ,Ӱһİס
Ůͬ־ʮ**꣬ɫɬ,мȣûȺÿ,Ҳò
۵׾ޣǸڳ¼ҡ
֪զƺӰЦŵҽӰֱӺҵ֣ЩȽţʲôֵǮĶ
˲ʮòлһӰӡ󻹲
ȥ߼Ͳ˵ʱ,ߴɩҲƼղ˵ʱصûƼ
ŵͦ񷽸żҵ,ƻͲ֪ԺզߴɩְԵʮ֮**ȲⷽźҲ,ʲôܣ÷Ҳ֪զ۷
ӰûأҪðԸȵ£ҲЩͬ鷽
ߴɩ÷ôϱ˰˱ӵùҪôһϵĶϱҪһ롣
ߣҡ߼ˣӰţҡܼҡҶңӰҲֱһӲˡ
ҵյӰ͵Ĳ˶óżҵ̫
ţżҵĸţ˵Ӱˡ
ţҲͬ
ӪҵͲˣӪҵĿûлعɶԼСӸϲżҵģڶϽÿοķнڼҲϰΣţźţżҵڸ㡣
ӰţҡܼҡҶͲ˵ʱ򣬲ҲƼӪؼҵʱ򣬲Ӫҵ˵ӰرװϲССֺˡ
˵ԴӰ̵İ༶һֱõţɼͻͽѧУӰ飬ȴôܻϲӰ
οӰûֵãƫƫӰԽԽãܲһΣ˲٣Ӱ˲١
ġ
᲻ģת뵽ŵݣﰦ̾
̾ӪĪզˣզͻȻ̾
ƽϱɲԸˡ
˵ĽӰʺ˶ӣҪûСӣӰڳ¼Ҳϲûиͷת˵Ӱ˸Сӣ˵ˣһ̥ĳ˾ĸܶĹ۲١
֮ǰ뿴Цء
ҺŴýϵ˽ܸҶϴ󣬿ϧҶϴ۹ⲻãûˡ
Լ˵µҶӪû֪꣬Ǹͬ־
ûģźѡ
Ӫ֮ǰֻûɡ
Ϊ֮ǰŮ֪Ϸ£ӪŮ֪ҲûɶøУϱᣬӪϱгܲģܶһĲõҶίզ죿
˵˽λŮ֪ࣿ
ȴ˽ⲻ˽ޱҪؼϳ˾ңǰ;ҲóˣһԺŮӰһдԵܼ޵˾Ҿͺˡ
˼û֪
ȻؼңϴСײˣĸҲһԣ߷ĸǸڳ¼͵ĲˣһСء
ڳ¼Сϱˡ
˵Ͳ˵£˵СϱզƯ˺澪ˣ֮ǰ㳤þ͹ˣû뵽ڼλŮͬ־ñ㶼ÿ
̲ס˵һ졣
˵Ų֪һѣͣ½ţֱӷһСײˣֲֵɶǮõôˣ
ȷƢͽݣһĪ˵ֻʵʵ˵
Ҳ԰ײˣϻǱ𳴰ײˡ˵Ȼϴ˺ӵ򲼡
֪ˣ㣡
ĸڶϱҪϱ˺ӣԼ϶ˡ
ϣӰ峴Сײˡһ⣬һ˿ôˡ
һϳԷܲԵĨͣҲͦϲ⣬ϼҴģ峴ײӰҲܲˡ
Сײˬֺóԣô˵ĳܲҲСײˡ
Ҳ˲٣һ峴ײûþͳˡ
Сײۼһ࣬
ܲûȴϱˣÿǻźͼ塣
Ӱι̣ȥϴ룬ӰӴܲ
Сְܵܺ˲٣ܲվӰĵ
ӰЩ캢ȷʵˣҲˡ
Ӱ˻ܲ⺢ӰͰͿźӣɴһѵԱ߽զˡ
տʼܲĲ˳֣ԽԽ˳֣ģġ
ܵزأ
أ
һᣬӰҪҪȥߴɩҺ͸߼ֵһᣬ⺢ӾȻҡͷȥ˵Ҫܵܡ
ӰĲУථµСһԴóԵġ
ϴƼгһĻӲüҸ
һһ˯
ӰʳܲҪҪһ˯
ܲȻͬ⣬ˣȵܴܵ˵㣬Ҵܵ˯
һݣܸˣ˵컹ҪɫʱЩڡ
˯ǰ˯ţ˱ϣ˵¡
˳һǾ»ܣӰöʣ˳һӰƽܣ
ʲôʱȥȥã
磡
ô죿ȥʰӰɴ۵óЦЦѵЦӲ⾪ޣסˣʾһЩͳɣûж٣ʱ·¹üǡ
ǳɣӰô˵´¹񣬰æóº¿øһԣչԼ
Ӱʰ·ʱ˾ڴƣĲ˼顣
˵ڣʮԼΪǿȢ֣ĺӡ
һûһģˣҲ֪յҼĵİ𣿡
˵籨϶յˣ迴ӵƬ϶ܸˡ
·ʰĲ࣬סִͷݺ
֮ǰ̫СɶӰĺȴĳܲ
˸ɴֱӰ˱ȥڣܿ˵ġŮ˵ĴϢ󴲸֨ͣ
Ӱû뵽һȥһֱҹǰŻҲǷ1969ꡣ
ڼ䣬Ժ˼£һȻ˴ֱҪߣڶҶͳޱ̸
Ӱźӵ£ûհԣЩ»Ǹߴɩġ
ӸߴɩӰֻ֪Ϊ°ܻĴֱô°ܻû˵Ҫ棬ھԺڲҪߵԭ
ںһҶҴޱ̸£ߴɩ
ߴɩһʾ֮ǰ˵ܶ£뵽汻ˣֱʾҶϴһŮ֪ࡣ
Ҳ֪Ů֪ǺõĻǲؼģ˵Ҷίôͬ⣡


214 ڶһʮ
ҶίͬŹȥ,Ҷίǧ룬ôûԼҶӻһĶϤ,Ȼǳ¼Ҵ󲮵ĴŮ
Ȼûھ,Щ»ͦ
֪ޱŮʡģ¼ҴһҸ˾ҹϵʮֲ
˾ϴĶٺǳޱܵģ
֮ܶ,ҶίԳޱûһøС
ԼҶ˵ͬޱҶίŭͬ⡣
ޱ,Ҷίֲȷǳ˾˼Լġ
Ӱڼ׼±ζҹԣ߻ŸߴɩĻ,̳ó䡢ࡢ±±С
±Ѿãϴ䡢󳦺С
Ϊûζ,Ӱصϴ˺ü顣
±֭ð˽ǡС㰾±֭Ƭˮˮϴ,Ȼ±֭,ȴտ±֭󰾳
±ζҪ,㣬ֱ֮ǰⶼ㡣
ܲԭڸڸ߼֣ŵζˮҪˣܲӰ±Щ־ֵܶҪˮ,˵Զ
߼ңߴɩҲڼң±ζζֱˡ
ϣɶզô㣿ζǰζ㣬߯Եˡ
ߴɩûסʮԼϸ߲ڼңҪȻԲ緹ˡ
ϴɶ㣬Ҫȥƣ˳ȥܵܣԶƤ̰棬ܵǼ١
ܲû
־ȴûԼҵܵܵƤûסøԶȻ̸ɶʱʣһԾͳɡ
ԶأҲŲ
ܵܡ
ܲ󷽵磬ȻҸʣ㣬Ȼؼˣ
˵ܲԼܣԶҲš
ƿԺţܽ¼ңŨŨ±ζζŨˣֱˮ
Сһˣ
̣Ҳˣ
Ӱӽ
ܲûȽŽ￴˻Լҵܵܣһĺཱུģ۾ںڽëŨֳƯŴ۾ݣһģ
Сܵˣ
û£ڴš
ܲԼҵܵܣŴԶ
ǰԵ±ζ㣬ӿˮģӰӸһСȳζǳζ
մŨ±ζ֭ζã־óԵ̻ͷҪˡ
ӰƬƬӳԣ±֭ͬ㡣
ܲγԵĶСԵĺͮͮģСúóԣ
ԶҲ˵رóԣǰԹҰⶼóԺööࡣ
ӻͰͿҪԣӰ˵ӳԡ
±䡢Ƭζ̫ãһ󷽵ĳܲ˸ʣ㡣
ӰСʢһЩóܲȥڸ߼ҳζ
ߴɩⲻһһ±䡢Ƭ⣬ɫһȫǰԵ±ζ㣬һ˵ͷҪˡ
ߴɩûԹôĶ
զôóԣ
ϸ߿϶ԡ
ߴɩܲĴָܲζˣллС
־Ҳ˵㣬ε±ζ㣬˳껹̿ˮһζٳԣ־ˢҪԡ
ߴɩæԼ˻ԣһٳԡ
¼ߣõ±䡢ƬӰ±֭ݼζûװ̡
ûãԺš
Ӱȥţվ۾ͨǱԵ±ζζסûԶͻȻ޳ɩӣ治ľٱֱˣƲƲߣûô񶾡
Ӱ֮ǰߴɩֱֻתĻƤһæ˽ô¡
ԭͬѧ֤СӹĲԼӷѧʳͬɵ飬֪ôͻȻֿ
֪ѧ̸󣬵żȻӳޱ˵ѧ̸ʱ򣬸ҶϵҲܽ˽Ų˵̥ﲻβ硣
ǧҲû뵽ģдһٱŵسGίᣬ˴ֱ
֮ǰ󲿷ִԺɩǺ֪֪඼Ǹд˴ֱԩĺܡ
Һ˻ټϾԼԼ²ˣűˡ
ֱٱŵĶ
ƽոϵβʱվ̹ףʾǰУⲻֻ˲٣ָһΪָʹٱźֱ
һܾЩԣ֮ǰȥеԷ䵱˼
Ӱüͷ΢ʣΪֱǸǹϵܺã
֮ǰɣ֪һֱ˭Ĺϵرãޱǰʱޱߵͦءզ˵ǰޱأ֪˶˵ָʹ£˵ǷҪ֪ͼȭͷʮֺ֪ҫԼ˸ö֪˲ͣԺɶö
Ӱ
ˣȥҹβ磿Ӱʡ
Ǻⲻ˼ҹΣ˲Ļš
Ӱͷʾ⣬ȴԼ϶ӰżҵʮֱǸ
Ӱʣʵʵտʼλͬ־һβ˾˵һΣûȥҲ磬ȰҼΡⲻûסȥ˲ˣλͬ־ˡ
ӰⲻϴϴˡĻЦ
ӰܾöԷȥũҲ򵥣ýܶɶĵȻʡ
ȻҲʵܾʮֻ˭ҪǻȥԼˣ̫ˡ
Ӱĸ뵽һҲöԷʮ֮**öԷǷȻԷʲôò
Ӱ֪ȥũ켸¾ܻӰԽȷ
˵£ְһǰʱͳޱҶ˼ﰵͦģε֪ҳޱ
ҶҲ֪ҶŸޱզ߽ġ
֪ΪɶܾڵĳޱЩֹʶżҵģ˵Цʱرϸ־Լˡ
֮Ҷϳޱ۹ⲻզãǳ۹á
߿߱˻ߡ
Ӱοһ˵±ͷ⡢Ƭ⣬֪զ£ȥܼһˡ
ܼңۿҶ˵˵ԼϲҶģҪȻ֮ǰҲͿ¡
˵ֱ;ٱŵĴͷβ϶ǳޱҶš
ˡ
ȷʵˣһк˵ˣ˴ҿɲ
Ǹ޵ľҽ̶ӣҪߣﲻǲܵģɫ԰ףͬޱӴЩӣܾóޱŮ֪صĺ
֮ǰȰȰȰԴѵ㣬ҪȢ˳ޱŮ֪࣬Ժ϶ڡӰǸˣĻҲҪզܼ޸ţȰҲԶ㣡
Ӱ


215 
ӰֽһЩƬܼ,˺¾ƣʦһҳζ
Ӱźȥʱͬ棬Ļ,ҶǽһΡ
ɫһ£һ߰һ,̧žߡ
ҶæǸҪ,ֽӹӱš
ɶǸҶ,ֲͬ־,˵ӡ΢٣ӰҲܼ,û߳ſ,˵ҺҶĹϵЩδ̫̳ܲˡ
ͿӰ,һֱ۸ͻȻ˴һɫʮѿ˵˵ӣ
˵Ļ˵ܼ޸˹ʲô£ͬ־ﲻƽ⣿Ӱɲӵ
Ӱ˼ܼ޸ˣȴû޸Ҷ,ﲻƽ,
ƫƫйҲϲţΪ֪ʲôڷͬʱ,һķֲ԰ס
ƫƫرϲӰŮ,˺Ӷ,ȷʵʼɣ¶Է˼ʱ˵ҴǱˡ
ӰҶһ,ӰЦֽݹȥҶ㣬˵±ζҳζ
ӰÿιҶôӰ£Ҷº󣬴Ƽ⣬ζˡ
ʵղŵرζӰζϲϲԡ
ҶһС⣬±֭ζرŨóԣӰ˲úóԡ
Ҷ۵׾ޣóԣ
óԾͳɣԼĶ˰ԣӰҲʮгɾ͸С
ɲͳԵģҶȴź˵ϲ
ʵǻĺӳ̫Ư£ẢƼҶڳԶԲĴ۾ݱҲҪƣͰҪԡ
⺢Ӹպȹ̣Ƕˡ
ӰæҶֽŽԼӡ
ҶϴֳʵӰǲ˵ҸҪޱ̸£
ޱ㣿
Ҷޱʲôʱôˣ
֪룬ҶʾոޱߵͦʱЩģصȥһ֪㣬û뵽㱻ˣåǳޱæ
֮ҶʮָмޱЩҲ߽һЩ
ӰҾóޱͦģ˵ܶеᡣ
Ӱܶ󣿡
ޱ˵ˣ˵ʶ˲һͬѧܸŴ磬ⲻˡ뵽ԷȻŰӣģޱ˵һֱܺڡ
Ӱȣû뵽ޱЩ¶Ҷ˵ˣҲǣĽ˵Ҷһ˳綼֪Լ̹ףӰһ֪ý治һˡ
ԭĻ˵һЩҶôһ˵ǲ֪˵ɶˡ
֪ΪɶֱܾٱԼߵûô򵥡
Ӱ˼
ӰҶûþͱźӻȥˡ
Ӱûɶ£ڼߦƤӣܲһ԰æ䣬춼ỵ
ˮȣܲһ볢ζ
ܲˮȥڸ߼ҳˡ
ҹǰ˻ˣ˯ʱлˮ
ۣ͸ŷ죬ݵţӰǲǻˣ
Ӱæһ³ţȳţƼһϤߴӰںԺ衣
˸ӰճһƳƼˣ˱
Ӱɴ۸⾪ϲˣջ
û˯Ӱϲ贩¡
Ӱˮ裬죬Ŵ¶ˣ˼ˮϴ裬˵ѩѵҲ·ѵãǿ塣
˯ţպüˮȣҸµ㡣
Ȼͬ⣬ϱ
ʱӰ½ӡ
տˮٷŽӣ˵ϺƤر㡣
ȶҲˡ
㹽ڣر㣬ιӰԣѾԱԵ£Ըԡ
һ˳һιߣӰſڳһ
˳ˮȵʱӰ±±Ƭ⣬СӼһЩ䡣
Ӱն˳±ζŨŨ±ζ㣬ճһˮȣʣʲô
±Ƭ⣬׼ҹʱԣϲϲԡ
ֱһƬ۵ޣ˵ŨĲʮֺθڡ
޲ڣóԣ
ӰЦϲԾͶԵ㡣
˳±ζʱӰû˸߳ޱҶҴ̸¡
ɫ΢Ŀǰϱ۵׵šˮܣ
ɣ
Ըȥϴ룬Ӱȥˢ
˻Сڲϴ˯
Сûȥ˯Ӱ˱ȥڳܲĿշ
ûиϱȵĳˣӰտʼĺڸ˯ҲˣⲻҲûܾˣ˳塢ײ
һӰȶˣȶĻţֻ˵̫ûвӰڵȥ
ߣϱźĺúõأһߣҹķųҲϱȵ㷹ˡ
Сһ˯Ȼ³ˣֻܺϱ
Ƽ˻Ҳʮָˣе룬ʶ˲ϡ
ȻڶӶĲУ˼ȷȥҷĸ
һƣķȻĺܺ
˵ֲ㳳ӶûڼңΪԼӱһЩƤҲ˲٣ĲС
󷽲ȻóѷĸֻܶŶ˯
ϣһķȻȥ߼ҸţȻȤء
˵ôˣϱǲرɶòд
ǵ÷źǰ黹ǲģ˺ӸҲɡ
һ䣬ֱӴ˷Ȼѡ
ⲻȻ뵽ϱֻԼûû˯۵ĺܡ
ʱ򣬳·߼ңԺӵĸźסţҪߣ
ţ
ⲻſһӵĳٿһķ
˵ŸߴɩǷųģ֪ϢĺܺãǷŹָϱɶôһ룬ҲʮҵԼȢϱǸߴɩûһ׶þˣⲻڲкӹ
֤鲻ǹ
ſųһҲеĽ˵ƽճϱͻݣ˺Ӻǳ໹ʮ߰СŻȥ󣬳ϱ϶úչˡ
ȻһʱĽĲС
ߵʱ򣬷Ȼ̲סɶ֪ϱһˮȸԣȻĽĲС
ŸĽżҳԵĿãƫƫջãⲻǰø͵ǵƬ⣬±ζóԡ
ַҲֱ߯ˣÿףҪϱ˼ӣ
ߣܼҺͷҲӰ±ζʦʤͷѧϲ
ճ⾪ޣȻǷǳԡ
Ӱ͵ǵ±ζⲻȫʦʤ졢ѧˡ
ǷѧһũСԹôóԵĶ־ԺɩǶ˵ϱպá


216 
Ǹж,˵½ڶжҹǰһµı֪ͨҶί
ԼûڼԷ,ӰԼҺӳܲǳԺõġ
Ӱι̣һܲԵķ⣬һŹһҰˡ
ܲԵЦԵһ㣺С,˼ҶûۼҳԵĺá
ܲ˵ı˼ҿɲָĸ߼ңָ˼ҡ
Ӱ˵ǣַһֱܴҪҲһֱ˵̳,ûզʡҲҲզʡ,Ҳû,ԼһֱԵĺܺãھԺǶһݡ
ⲻ,⺢ԽԽˣӰСһ°,ܲЦŶ㡣
Сڱ˼ҿ϶û۳Եĺãۼˡֵܲ
ʵ,ҶҵĲ˻ûг¼ҷʢ,ֻһ⣬ˡ
ҶίʸߣھԺԵãҲû¼ҳԵĺãҶһһ˲ˡ
пˣ᲻,ֻһƹϡ
Ҷίûɶӡ
Һòࡣ
ûҶίÿָˣóصһƿƣƽΪҪѵξƲմ쿪ʼż٣ҲûܾȾơ
ڳæҶûֻһûһ˵
Ⱦƺһ룬ҶίͻȻ̽ʵǴýޱʮˣ֪󲮵˼Լ˼
أԸ˼
Ҷίٷ꣬ޱпܴܲµ֪֮ǰδȥӰҶί²⵱ޱ뿿سǡ
Ҫسǣޱǳ˾ֶŮͬ˾֪һͳɡ
ǰ󲮸˾ֵ޷ʰѾȥ顣
Ҷί˼ҲµһЩԷҽȰѳޱǰҵ´˵һ飬ʾޱǼǰҪ飬ŷұٱһ·ũ
һ䣬˵ҶίɫˣֻæĹĵˣæɶҼ·ũˣҵϣҶŮ֪ϴǧȢ
걾͵ĳޱԼѹڵ֪£ҲۣҶûɶ飬Ҷͦкøеģǣ
Ҷί⻰ɫҲݺóʾٺ죬ޱûϵΪ˵ôٺҵҲʮ֮**
ҶֵܻȢˣû˵ڸһҼϾ˹ϵ
Ҷû˻ߡ
ȳһߣҶίɫԽѿţ˵֮ǰ˵ͬʵɶ˵㣬ôһ㲻ͬ⣬ҲԼϴͬޱӴ
ҶίûĳԷ鷿ǰֻҶ鷿һˡ
Ҷ˵֮ǰλͬ־ֱ;ٱŵ²ޱйϵɣ
ʱӰźӴܲڸ߼
Ӱϥǵĺɫë޴£ڵƹ£Ե÷ɫۣͷ޼ˣ磬ͷ­Ưü۾β΢Ӻ󣬳˷˵㣬ü۳ζ٣ûզ仯Ⱥۡ
۾ϱŲ۵
С壡ܲ˵Сڳ
˱ָ£߽ݣӰӹӣӰȥ
Ӱôȥֻø˵
ߴɩҲӰҶϴ£Ӱź
֮ǰֻڸ֪ӰҶϴͳ֪¡
֪һЩ߶أԭ֮ǰλξҽͳ֪˶Ҷϴá
տʼҶϴҲûƫ˭
զ֪ôҶϴλ֪ԽԽλξҽⲻʼɣλ֪˴ֱֻλξҽûԼһҲᱻֱ˼ľٱŸ˵°ܻ¡
ⲻԼⱨӦô
ȵȣɩӣλͬ־ȸֱ֪ģӰȻûɶøУܾȥ֪ޱֱ
ǻм٣˰£һ¾бӦλͬ־ǣ
ӰɾòԣޱֱǱߵΪֱдٱţ
Ӱû˵֪˶ãޱĹϵ
ڶԣýᣬߴɩĻʮ֮**ΪǣۣûˣҶϴⲻò
Ӱ
ؼǰߴɩܲȤզ˵ܵܣСһ㲻Ҫܵ͸ҼңܵҼ˯
־Զֵܶͬ⣬ܲԥܾҪҵܵܣ˭
ֱʾСϺˣϳˣ˿׷ˡ
ǵĸŸߴɩЦź͸ߴɩҲóӣã⺢ӣ
֮ǰûкӵʱۺӻȥԼĺӻԳܲôۣ治һõģʮѵá
ڸԶ־ֵܾĽˡ
̶ԳܲôǶǻãϳԵ̲˺ܲܲõ㣬еζ̲ﲻͣһ㲻óԡ
˵˵զɶˣҪ֪ڵζǺŨġ
ߴɩѵֵַܶ˼··Ҳ궼У첹
󲿷ϴ˴õ·϶϶ٸֵ
ܲҲ߼ֵߴߴ˵ֺ·£ܲ·Ӱˣ·ĸ߼ֵѵòĽʼɺˡ
˵˻ỰŴӺϱȥ
ԺӴŵʱͻȻʣôҶ£
Ӱ򴽣Ҿԣ
صܲҪС˯ûܾ˯ţܿԸ˯
Ӱ
˴СڣӰҶҴͳޱ̸ˣ
º½˱ϣ뿿ڴ
˵ʵޱôøСܿ죬ֵģ޲ҶңҶίϹۡ
Ҷί֪ЩҲͬ⣬ǴýΪĿĹ߻᲻ֶΡ
Ϲۣ
ôأ
ⲻǰô¼һ˵ʾûб򵥣Ժޱң飬öᡣ
һ⻰Կ϶ֱдٱŵ¿϶ýѲ˹ϵ˹Ҳô²⡣
ӰۣҪýĻɲһõˣԼȫˣǸŮ֪ĸԸǹʹ
˼ȷʵֶࡣ
ⲻӰĬĬҶҴ
ȴԸϱˣס°ͣͷݺӰŵһɾζϲζеƿˣ˲ʾֻһƣױߵͬҶ
۹ûҺã
Ӱ
ȷʵԿ䣬Լ۹ãȢϱرá


217 
ҹ,Ӱ˾²˺ӡ
Ӱʱ򣬳Ǿ²ζͽζ,ܲŵζӰƨɺ
Ӱһеľ²˺ųԡ
ллСܲľ²˺۾,ҧһڣ㣬رóԡ
ˢϴ,ƼһĻӲ,ûŽڳſڿˣ,ԽԽԼ۹á
С壡ܲ˺һ
ҪҪζӰҲһ²˺ȳζ,
û,Ӱֻһι,һ߼ľ²˺ӡ
óԣҧһҲ,Ӱ᲻ԣԸԣһľ²˺ڳ꣬Ҳûſ,ּˡ
ڣӰ,Ҳûзţˡ
ҺóܲԵ㣬ѹûơ
緹,Ҳ;²˺Ӵ࣬óԣ㡣
˵ܲһ࣬˼,ԼҲһࡣ
緹Ӱɹ̫ܲҲûܣϰʹ
Сұܵܡ
뱧ܵܣӰƣܲģģӰȥ·
ҹΪ±ζȥҹӰ˵ˣȥСһﾪΪ˵ܲһҪģŹǡźŹȻ±䡢Ƭ⡣
ɫʮַʢ
±֭˼죬ȫȫζӰղųһڣóˡ
Ӱζ߯ã˵ˡ
ȳ¼ҵĲˣҵĲɫһ㣬ÿзĸٳּֻǷĸȽʡֲ͡
ڳ¼ԺķСͬܲߴߴ˵˵Լֻɶˣ˵ԼСɻС峳ܣ̷ˣҪ̵Ǯ
ܲһͬ鿴С
С޲ԼСҵģܲС˵ˡ
ߴɩ˵ˮȣص͹һ룬رʵڣӰⲻֻ˵Ƭ⡣
߼ңŶû뵽Լϱȥˮȣֻ˵±ζ
ÿ
˵֮ǰ±ζζζˣ¾á
ⲻһˣó±ζԣƬȫζŸճζʱͫ׶ˣֱĴָóԣɶõզģզôóԣ
޲ڣǴ仹Ƭһҧ滹е±֭·ζҧһڻζﶼζ
־ֵܺ͸ߴɩҲζζ֮ǰĻóԣߴɩĴָ
úóԣ־Ҳǳԡ
Զֵֻܾͷˡ
ŶˣСӣٳԵ㣡
±ζܻӭڳ¼ҳҲܻӭӰ˿ƵƵˣϴƼôϲһ˻ǵջ
ϲԾͳɣӰʮгɾ͸УƬûþͳˡ
óԣӰ΢Ц
±ζȫζӰ֪ϲصض˵ԥͷε±ζͷҪˣ֪óԣ
󣬳˻ûУ֪һЩԣ˿
ڳܲҲϲ±ζеӰٳԣըܲӺŹ
ٳըܲӣܲɾΪˣرóԣӰÿӲ裬һһУܲЦССղСģر𻶿죬춼͡
СҺСãܲѿڶ
ⶮµĻӰͣ¶⺢ӣҲƳۡ
С㵱СͺˣҪСС
Ļ£Ӱ˵ôССȶסޱ飬ֻʳܲô£ȴӳܲʳֻĽ̸ӰЦǺ
ܲСǾͦССڳԷ͵͵ըӸСζ
Сӹ˸ǵɴۣûԹӻóԵĶСֱָϴҵ̫óˣ˺ܶ˸ԣ
С˵ֺóԣܲػ˵ҲرóԣСررãٵСˣҪȻԺûԵҲûϴˡ
С
¼СԺ߳ԵĻ죬ҶҸʳҹûԣһ
ԭ˵ЩºҶίͬԼϴȢôһϱȲ˵ޱ˻鲻׵Ůͬ־ٱǰңҶίѹܲˡ
󣬵˺鷿㡣
Ҷ֣Щ³ޱѾ˵ˣᣬҼȻӦǾ͵ôȥҪ˼Ůͬ־ô죿˵˵ЩҲԸһΣҲȢϱ
Ҷί˵ҲЩɶԷǰϴͣҪôҪôĻ̫
ҶίȥǸŰĶ˹ϵֲò׺ͺõĸٴиңɴʱЭ˴ţһŲأ
ޱҲЩʳʡ
Ҷûޱʼղġ
ʮ⽨͵͵ӼһˮȣҪ֪
һˮȶѵã
ޱζʿˮûע⣬ջǽˣӵʱϸ磬ãҿûر㣡
⽨ֵȻ˵ûرޱ˿ȳޱ꣬⽨ߡ
⽨ֻؼҵʱø棬ﲻ֪ȥɶˡ
ʮʹǴգͦʵһңÿżγԸˮȻǳԵġ
ڰˮȶ˭Ҷͦݳ޵ģ֪ԼҶӰһȥճµŮ֪ԣǽһƫƫÿڣŮ֪඼û죬ô
˵λ֪иٶжˣԼҶӵİӣô룬ĸζˡ
⽨æˮԼԵġ
һޱģԽȷԼҶİӱˡ
ǽһۡ
ȵڶ죬ûס˵ޱ˶󻹳ԼӵİˮȣޱȥϹ˵
ҺԣǰЩ˸ֱ׬ȡͬ֡
ҶˣޱԷɫͣûͬ־͵İӣͬ־ͣûܡ
ҶҲû룬˲Ʊ
ޱȴЩƱ뾡˵¶
ҹ󣬾ǴڣӰɰһǮܲԼҲһ߼ֵҲÿһ֣һȥը֡
ڼû¸ɣӰڼ˺⡣
ȥ˼飬ۼӽĸ۽ɺź飬¯
ʮӺԲɵɫá
ͷ󺹻ӰӶЩָӳԡ
ɵóˡ
Ҳζζȷʵϲģһû
Ӱ˰æźӣԸװ˵⣬ųܲȥܼңβܼңҶ˵
֪Ҷϴͳޱ̸ʮֵָ⣬ҪûԵ֣ⲻʽء


218 
Ҷһ,ȴʾԼޱر죬ȻϾ˾,ܼҺҶؼǣ
鲻,ЦݣƼӰûֻ˵,ĿڳܲϣĿ
Ӫҵ֪֪ôӰͻȻ,æθɶ飿
˵ʵȻҶҴͳޱʼͲò,
ɴ˻,λýʵ̫,˸ҶҴ,ֱǿˡ
ҶҲ֪ޱ,ɫ䣬ʱһʽ飬˸æߡ
Ȳ뿪,Ӱ,Ҷ̲סʵҶ㣬֪飿
ţһλ,˵粻⡣Ӱء
Ҷ⣬ҶĽ⣬Ӱ˵ûǰҵ£ҪǸ,Ҷסˡ
˼ǳװô룬ӰҲö˵˵̸ҶҴ粻Ҷ㣬Ҫͬ⣬˲ͬⶼûá
Ӱû˵ֻҶȰҪԶദЩʱ䣬ҪǺ˵
ӰܼܲһߣЩ¥ϵС
ܼҳԷʱ£ʦҲͬҶϴȢһŮͬ־۾ҲвٺõŮͬ־զҶϴһŮͬ־
˼΢һЩֻҪǺõģԵ־ͳɡ
ʤȢһŮ֪żֱˣʮֺŮ֪೤ɶǴӹɶ**ҩѲɱȳϱƯ
벻ȳϱƯ־ˡ
Ӱڴë£ûɶˣߴɩڼңҲͱź߼Ҵë£ߴɩſһûһġ
ܲԶ־СȼӶڸ߼Ժ棬ӰëµʱĺӾͿһȺֱذر˷ܡ
ܲܵܵæܹȥҪһ֣ӰģͷĺԸȥ棬ߴɩ߶
⺢ӳÿ죡ߴɩͻȻп
ֻǼʱ䣬࣬óĺܺãСۣ۾ںԲƯڿóСһС˳šɣֻһ˫۾ӣߴɩĲС
ȡû
³С鱦Ӱء
ߴɩ˵ɶͻȻţȵߴɩȥţԭҲӹ
ȸߴɩϵɣ˭֪߼кֵĺһֱҪⲻֻܴӹˡ
ֻû뵽ҲܸӰ档
ⲻӰԽģ˵ԼӰȣĺƤӰﺢӵƤȶһ㡣
ߴɩҲϡˣզżҶȷżҵĹŮĻף
ߴɩҲ룬֪խȥһӸſ
˵̫ûɽڸ߼ſķůűˡ
ȲϲӰɲòߴɩӣź£ЦʵżҵģҲڣ
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Ӱ򲼵ʱȲȷӰСӡ
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ߴɩ
Ӱ
Ӱһ㷢쭣Ӷ⣬һͬʣúӶզ죿
Һóܲû룬ǵŮˣæܹȥסˣŮˣҪҵܵܣ
ı
ܲϴͦСơģüСӸŮˣŲð̣ɫһһס
Ǹߴɩ߼СӣܲȴӰߡ
ҲûҴţֱ̹ȻػżҵģǸ鱦ë£ôҴë¶棿զˣҲŮë£
ûɣԷѣΪԷŮֱðˡ
ڸ߼Ҵ˻ͱӻȥˡ
Ӱ͸ߴɩ˿
ߴɩȿ϶ӷӣӰν
ӰܲССãɶóԵĸС˵С
ǵԱ߼СʮĽʼɺ໴С
ص㱻ˣĺ໿ҲûᣬǷĸӵĿæƣѺӱȥ
ԺͰҴӰɣҴͬȻƴ̥ȴ̥һҪƴСӡ
ĸ
ϣȷȻȱʾЩӼеʱԼҹŮԼһЩţ̣ʱƤס
ţ̲˰ɣɲ˶һ󷽣ȻԼţ̣ųһ
զˣҲܺȣܻӰǺƤǺţģƫƫƭƹϡ
ȳϽƼӰǺģ̼ˡ
÷Ȼȥϴ裬̥ͬ¡
զͻȻҪ̥
ѽӰŮ˵²Ӱֻø׶Ӵë£Գ̬ܲȲһȻ׶ӾͲһ֮ǰΪǺõģ
Ȼ˵ϱʲôʱóżҵǺõģϱĻȻҲʮ־ֲš
ҽƼӰֻԼҶӴë£ǳܲһͦġ
΢٣Ȼƴ̥㲻֪żҵĻЦӣ˶ӣǺúù
ȻһʼţֱʾҪ鲼Сͷĸ£ҪӵķȻһأ
ȴ⾡̥СѹӰһ
߳Ҳƴ̥ƴŮϸӰߵ㷢մʪڼͷ
ӰȴôԼϣ˴ͣ
û
Ѿ˿켸Сʱʵмܲסƫƫϵ˾棬ûô
ٵȵȣ˳
Ӱʲôʱ˯Ҳֻ֪ܵ˱´ȥϴ衣


219 
Щ˵ӰֻƫԼҶӵĻǴȥһЩ,ӰãֻСһЩ˰Űɣټϳܲĺ,ְװ,ƫˣ
ǷСһֱݣϴ·Ǿ·,ÿɻ,Сøֱܲûñȡ
Ⱥ˼˵żҵƫģ
ڴ,ȥţ,,÷СŮ塣
˲ţ,ҪСҲţ̺ȣ
أǣСе,ȵţ̻żҵĲô˵ô
ȣ注ޡ
гȥжţ,ţ̲Ż
һƿţҪһëǮ,,һƿţ߯,ȶЩۣ뵽ţܱףҧҧǶһЩ
ص,ƿԼҺӺ,ƿԼȣڷСһû뵽ֻ÷Сƿӡ
ӦСͷĸĲȶû,ֻ˵´
Һ÷ĸϱɶϣˡ
ߣڹԷöӰʱʱܲóԵģ룬̲סĿ
ܲһֱӰĲ١
ⲻȡĳܲԼſţƿųԷ⣬ķֺóԣһƴķţ̳ܲڳꡣ
СϺó
Ӱ溢ӲߵмʾϲԺ㣬ֻܷѵ׷ۺǣӰԾͳɡ
СţҲúȣ֮ǰܲԲϰţ̣ϲǲԸȣںŵϲˡ
ܲҲ֪ţ̺ܹţ̿ǾһݣСûƫġ
ܲСӰӰ죬ϴֺ󣬲ŷȥ档
ܲͬԶԼȥɽ棬ɽ·ϣܲ˵ʱ򣬸Զŵܲζæɶ
С˷⣬ررóԣܲôɵķģСҵġ
ܲһ˵ҶĽˣΪܲõСǰ췽СС˵̶Գܲãﶼл˵ء
ܲСϺˣóԵġҵܵҲãֻڻ˵
еС
һȥҲɶԡͻȻʣССɶóԵô
Ҷ֪СĸЩȸտʼҲɣǰ˵͸ˡ
ⲻСҡͷСţˣҡҽ㡢ûݣ
ⲻСܲĽ
СǻŮ£ֵ
ţرҼҲûţ̺ȡ
ţɶζúô
ȹţ̵ĳܲзȨţģҸպˣܶóԵġСͻܶóԵģرóԡҶԹ
һ仰ǵСһĽѣҶ֪ܲţ̶Ǿһݣţ߯ˣһ˼ҿ᲻öֻгܲСַһֱ
Ǿɩ˵ģ˵ġ
ȴһںĽĲˡ
ܲСզһã
־̶ֵܶԳܲĺѾľˣǸСС˵ƫһ㲻š
ϴҲԷţ̣ԶƤ
ܲʮԺСˣҷһڣ
ң
ң
ϴã
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ţֶӣ
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պõҪɢһ䡮ɢһ̹˾Լϣ˵С˲١
һԵĺӶĽˣʿҲһСܲԼϸͻؼңɰһںֵĲС
˻ȥʱ򣬳ܲС壬СָóԵˣ˷⡣
һƿţ̣رúȡ
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СӴҳ飿
ѵøһۣϱ϶ϲң
Сϲҡ֣ܲϲɶóԵС
ѵĳ
ٺ˵Ը·
Ҳ
صңӰѾ緹͵˺ͺӻ
˻ͿԿˡ
ϴϴ֣Ǻ˸衣
緹Ե±ζһˣΪ±ˮӰҲˣһЩƬ⣬װ˸Ұ˾Ͳˡ
զһˣӰ档
ܲߴߴ˵զġ
ƼϵĲɫ⡣
һڳԷҪ˵ɶµıߣ˵ʦ¡
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ǡиȽϤŮ֪ͦŶӴ߾ޱ죬һʱϲ˭
ȥŮ֪ޱ֮ǰӳֵŮ֪࣬ǴӳҴϱˣ
֮ǰŨŨıӣڵеĽ
ޱԱʾ֤ǰ϶ˣԴӳҲŻͬš
޽ӳҹĶãڲøػԵҲã޵Ҳʱ˾͵ðջȥһѡ
óޱݺĶҪҶˣҶܲȢ
ЩӣҲ˽ҶˣǸεˡ
ޱǸóȥˣĻ۾һȴŮͬ־ǵ֣
ΪޱԸôЩʧҪǳޱܼ޽ӣҲܸҸö
ڲ˸öʮĽʼɺޡ
Ե⻰ֻ뷭ۣƲޱǸʲôˣʮ
⽨͵͵ˮȸԣҲûզܾҲûզ֣
ͬ־ɻզҲû֣
ǰЩ߳ޱ̫٣˼̫˸˵ﻰ²͸һ˼Ҳ㡣
ԸͬӴ
Ҳ˵˳ޱ˸ٶ£ֻǸٶϹ۾Ȼϳޱ


220 
ơϹۡҶܼ,ʦͳ鷿ܼ¥¡
ʤĽγųʱˣָſ̸¡
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ʤҶЩĽ
Ľ֮ʤ̲סʵӣŮ̸֪ˣ㶨
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ദ,ദãĵҶϴ,ûŮ֪Իۡ
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ӰҲû뵽Լô,ص˲ٺòд,Ź廨⣬˶кüȵҹʱ
ɰѳܲ˵ĲлʵС,ۼֹô
ӰСһ,꣬ء
ʱӰѾѷ,ϴֳԲˡ
һôˣ,Цˡ
䣬Ӱܺãʱʱв,ɰ˸˵ĲС
ȻҲƫģ˼вҲӼвˣܲЦͷԷԲˡ
Ȼˣֻû£˯ʱһ䣬Լ˵Լ¡
Ҫ֪ʮĸóһݣ˭֪Ժǰ;
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úÿʵǸˣζʸˡ
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Ǯܲô
Ժǰ;϶ܺãڼҾ͸ò绨ͿˣҪǸ뷨ˡ
˲֪뷨´ȴű߹صƱ߰ѹǽϺݺף׵Ӱֺס
ʵ첻ӰˣҲѵøˣѵ¶ϲɫѹǽϾһΣڵӰȥѹڴϣֽ˴ιڵӰˡ
Ӱ߸ˣڼȵ֪ŽʼɵѪӿ޲ýԼˣզԼ޵ƾɶȲӰˣ
զܲǹûǣ
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ŽҲˣʮĸóҪųܱȣ⸱ó˾̫
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ϴ˯ˣ̲סͬƴ̥ѹӰһ
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ŻأǣҪǰңھˣŰɣúӻںͷ
ߴɩҲôá
Ϣ֪ޱͲôˣСµľõܣõ̫Ѫ˵õܽûʲôôϱ
˵ʵޱˣ³飬Ϊ磬ѡó¡
ޱ룬Ǹһţüų¡
죬ĲϹĳޱСĳţгĲƼ
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֪ҲĿޱһߣû£ܽ㣡
ⲻ뵽ޱû˵û£е٣Ǿó˾ҸҪŹ
οޱҶϴ̸󣬲̬һЩ֪࣬¼ϴôʲôʱ
ޱһɬʾڴڶ˺˵
ӣզôҪҲôȥΪԼ˵ǰ;Ǿޱһѣʾ֪Ҷϴ󴦸ɶպǳŴýô
պڴȥˣһͬҶϴ󴦶󣬾綩


221 
,Ӱڼ˸ӭ֮͡
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Ӱһ,ٳƼųޱý
ϱ
żҵģ
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ôôأ˵ʮʹ峤,˵ЩϹ
һûһ˵ӰЦ,ɲŲĺ⣬Ҳ˵ý㲻Ǻõ,Ǻõģôչźʲô˼ӣ
Ӱʦ,ǰզûôΪ֣
һ仰̵ĲɫǺ,ᵹû,ΪӰԸҲɫࡣ
ޱҲԼܻӭʮֲ
ýɣ,ҾͰ͵ˡָޱʾ
˵ѳޱҶϴ󴦸ɲ˴ңޱҲȻףӰû³ʾԼҪ߻ȥ鷳ˡ
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Ҳǽԭأ˳ޱĲܻӭ
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Ӱ
ߴɩҲӼý㣬֮ǰ˵ٰԣҲ֪ˡ
˳õǳɣߴɩԭͬӶ˵䣬ýߴɩֻñˡ
ӰȥҶҲǣԼҲǣĲУҲûͬߴɩ˵ֻܱʾͳޱȥҽ˵øߴɩæչһӡ
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Ӱȥҽңϸߴɩ˵£˵ѳý¼СԺסˡ
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Ӱ׵Ļɴۡ
˲໰ҪŮڷߡ


222 
,Ӱ˯ʮǱӵĿѵģ˰죬ᱳʹ,ȫҧӡӡ
۵ʱСһ޵رӰﲻ֪ǺӶ,Ͻι̡
СܵǲǿˣܲӸ߼һ,ܹ,һź
ţܵеԱ˾ͲˣӰë˺
С,զô٣ǲָСϷզҺ͵ܵһ棿ܲʵ
⻰ǺסӰ󲻵Ǹ棬СһԴι,æӡ
ӰҪˢ,óܲæӣˢϴ,򵥳Ը緹Ͳˡ
緹Ӱӹ,óܲȥ档
ܲûȥ,СʯͻȻʣС,ǲиŮۼˣ
Ӱ
ܲӪС֪£ܲǵǸøֽ˶񶾵ĺ裬Ű,Ǹ֪黹װŲ֪
ܲǸһøҲûУһΪŮˡ
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Ȼ
ӵעܿ챻Եתơ
Сɶǿּ᣿óô
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ҪԣܲüЦܵܳҲԣ
ɣ
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˵˸㣬ûʱܻӭˣԳޱ˵Ըһѳֲס˭֪᲻ֹţ
һģӰЦﵹǶԽкøС
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س¼СԺǲܵģӻҪģӰصڼ˹ͷȥҽҵʱѡȺһ·
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ʵ˵ǹͷʵ±ܲ࣬ͷ١
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Ϊ⣬ӰѵöҶø轵Ӱ˻ߴ˻׼ȥҶˡ
ˣҶҴ磡
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ܲҲһӰ˰æ
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¼Сϱզ㣡ĸ̲סҲһ䣬߲ѡ


223 
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ҶҲʺס,ܼҸʣҪĲֻóޱʱסҡ
һܶ,ҶƱǮỹͦģޱȴЩġ
ޱӰҲö,żϹȥͳɡ
ڳޱҶҴ,ҪҶҴޱûȥ˵䣬ҶҴޱ,ޱƵ»ûӰأ˵ɶ
һΣĩпգӰп,ںȥɽɽţɽм,ӰժһЩؼң׼ӱ
ӱǸʲôϡĶ,ȱûʲôԵȴƵζ
־ֵ֪Ҫժʲôӱԣ˵ĲС
СҲ,һ
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һժһ
ʱ,ߴɩҲڼңժЩɶ
˵ЩóԵġ־ֵ˷ܵ,˵ǺóԵģǿ϶ǺóԵġ
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ǷС˸˪ӱֱΪˣ۾ɴˡ
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óԾͳɣӰþͰͷ֣ԼȻ˵ǣժӺͼӵļǼӡ
ӰüСװ
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ӰûզҶҴͳޱ£·;ȴˣҶɫÿǳޱɫһɬһԣ
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ҶȻ˵ɡ
ߵһߣޱͻȻסӰֵϱ֮ǰ˵ˣ˵Ҳû£զô
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Ӱ
Һð㣬ýڷĲˣ


224 
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ԷʲôϱԷƵƵûסʡ
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ҶĬ֪ˣ֣
ȵȣҶίⲻ뵽ޱڷϵͶɴԼϴʱȥ˸䵭ȲܼҵҲˣʱ˵Ҳɡ
ºӰһѩ棬Ծ͸ޱΪҸŮϵ˴ֱ˽¶ֱ;ٱ⡣
ǱӦɩӣ϶û˭¶ģũˣ
˵ũ仯رǰֵ㣬رݣر㲣Ҳ˺ܶ࣬˵óޱԼǰܾЩͬ־ץѱ
ɩӣû뵽ǳޱ⺦޻˵ҺģɩӣݣҲ÷㡣
Ҳ̫ˣΪޱ޸Ҷź󣬻Ҹö뵽ȥũ󣬳ޱѹûΪ󣬳ޱҲֻ飬ѹ֮ǰĳŵ
ⲻɸޱֱ
ڳޱȥسǵGίˣǷˮתˡ
ޱ£Ӱ˵ĻöܣҶί֪ĿپԼϴ·ũ󣬸˴кֱӰ˵ɵƫԶҪĴ硣


225 
ʱˮ,תȥ1974꣬,ҶҴ,ӽܵģ׵㣬˻
ʱʱ,ϰߡ
ϰ,ߴɩʱʱ߶
仯Сߴɩͷ˲ٷ˿,ҲһЩ,Ӱݰ𪣬ü续ֽ,˺󣬳˶˹ζûʲô仯,ߴɩпѡ
ſ޸
ߴɩƽվ˲ٰ,ӰһֱڼңðԼǴӸߴɩ˵ġ
Ҳ,Եżҡ
զ˵żҵĺˡ
ⲻǺ£Ӱͦͬżҵĵ,ôûк,Ŀ,ǰЩ۵࣬ҲʲôʡµˣżҵıƵÿ۾ͨͨģ˺Ӳźࡣ
żҵǺ£ǺӿɲһǺ£ߴɩ˵˲һһԳܲͳһͬʣô,ǶͶأֻ̺ӡ
ӰҲ׹ˡ
߶ţ洫Զеִ̣̣ܵˣ
Ӱһ⻰ͷ۵˵ʵ뵱ӸճôСôԣôôõƤӣ첻ȥɽ񵰣Ǹ˴ܣɱСܲʡĶˡ
СӴܴˣˣʵǲָżҵСӴˣ
ǰӹֶӣûӹʮֶӣǹֶӡ
⺢ӱżҵĳĲУİװֵģҲǸƤõԸⲻƤԸĺһ𣬲Ϸ߲Źˡ
Զܽͷǣ̣ȶ֡ܵû£ûֵãܵһıѪˣ
ɩӣȥƣӰһæߴɩ
ߴɩڰϽȥơ
Ӱȥ󣬸ͷߵ󱦣ͷе㰫ǳ³
󱦽꣬³꣬ŴԼ˵ĸ߸ͷͷͿ󱦵ĸͷ
Ȼ󱦱Ѫˣ³вˣҪҸ״ڹ˵СүԺզʰ㡣һΣʰһ١
û˵꣬Ӱס³Ķ䣺ʰ˭
һ³ﲻ֪³æҴˡҴˣ
ϴ³һ㲻֪ɶд
ӰԼҶϴ󱦲˱ѪߣһߣԼҶӶؼҡ
³ҲۣЦʣզ֪治ǹܵģ󱦹ҵġ˵ۼҼģǰֵ׶ӣ۸
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ǳɣʱֻʰ㣡Ӱ
Ҫ֪³ҲʹһֱȥҰѵ۳ɹһ壬³
¡
ˣҴˡҵ¸ߵ
Ӱ֪ȫ֪ȻԼСӣԼСֱӶִˣӰСһѵ
緹ȳܲӰ˺òˣҲûó³Է
Էʱ򣬳³ֻԼĲóԵĲˣܲҲôá
꣬Ӱͻͽɶ˶㣬ԵСĨͣһ㡣
緹СӵķݣóԵʳûСӵķˡ
ȣӰ̲衣
ˮ̷ɵ飬Ƕţ̡
ȣӰѰõţԼˮںԺ
Ӱһʳ³ͳܲ⼤
ܲʹԸһЩ³ȴȲɶóԵģԣ
СܲС´ɱӰ
Ŷ
һ´ɱһ´ɱÿһ³
ӰСӣ̲裬һܲһԼ³ûУת
ҵأ
ܲԼⱭܵܣС̲ĺúúȣܲЩ᲻á
Ըȣøܵܣһֱܣ
ܲ˽ΪɶܵܲСˣĬĬ
³֪Ըģ˵̲治ֻðͰͿܲͰͺ硣
Сڽ̳ܵܣܲҲ֡
Ȳ̲ĳ³ֻܱ̿ˮ̲رѺȡ
磬ɶ̲ǲرѺȣҾ֪
磬ҪҳζôѺȣҸһ㣿
϶ѺȣҲŲϡ
Ҫ֪̲ӰһģŨŨ̲ûܿܣн̲Ũ㣬ӰЩѿܡ
οʱ򣬺һ̲裬̫ˬˣӰһڣζرá
ܲȵ۾Ҳ³ȴĸȹϵϡ
ӰĺݡܲȴģСܵܺһڳɲɣ
ʣһڸͳɣһڵȻɣסζ֪ɶˡ
ܲ
³ȻǼģ
ԼСţֻܲʣһڸԼҵܵܳζ
һŨֱ̲ζĳ³ֻޱȺڽ󱦴ˡ
֪óԵģôҲᶯ֡
ɶ̲̫̫óˣ֮ǰԹĺöʳóԡ
ҹԣٸһ´ɱ̲òã³æװԣ˭Լǲ
ܲ۾ҲȻȵģ޲ţôųԡ
ӰûŵСӣֻ˵
󱦲˱Ѫؼң緹ʱֱ׳Сڸ״ŵǺܹ󱦣żҵִüͷ
󱦲ڣżҵĸԼ˵զô¡
ӻС㻹զ£
Ҳ˵һ졣żҵһίЩڵ̺ˣԼӺżҵĸˡ
ſɲ֪ϱ˼˴ô꣬ԴиģϱޣһŮޣ


226 
Լǲ,ĳ³ԹͬԼҸһűôҵ
ܲʮ꣬,꼶,꣬ͬܲһһ꼶
ӰóܲεԾóѴĶһ,ʣЩˣ
ܲ˴,ͷСˣ
ܲһӰ,,Ӱó³,øȥ˯
Ӱ˯ŵʱԺʲôѹϣ۾ͼߴѹϡ
ˣ
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Ӱΰͷɢ,ͨ,ֱһЩ
ϧ̫󣬰ڵȥһֶ²
±ϡ
Ӱ۵һָͷ㶯ˣֻܵǰˣûԵ,ɴԸȥŪ
ڳ˵ԣղ涼ˣζȻѳԣ治ɫŻط
˻طʱӰϢ˵㣬·ڴϡ
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Щ죬Сû㣿
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ɣڼš
˵˵ţӰеǷȴ뵽ǰЩ췽Ÿ˵ϡ
źƴһ̥ˣǰЩ죬ĸȥŸţŸյ֪˸ŮǵĳĽ
ѵһ죬ʮĽ
ӰȻ֪ȲԸҲûôˡ
˸һ̥ƴӵģϧ˸Ů
ŮҲͦõģȲ֪㡣
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ǰҪŮһֱ˼壬ȲҪŮˣ
ɸղôãӰ۵ĲУæҽҪ˯
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СԺ⣬ܲͳ³ͬǳ³˷ܣɤرСӵڳֱϡ
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Ӱѵʱ򣬾ͼڴߣᣬĿþϲƿ
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ᱳʹⲻһֱڣĲС
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ż٣˻ᣬŵݹȥϱơ
ӰţȻͬȥɶʱпȥڳ¼Ҵ׵£ν¼Ҵײףܲ⺢ôãԺҲţ˭Ҳߡ
ɣ
Ӱˢϴڼ䣬Сӻˣ³զôٻ
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СҪҷ
Һóһԣһ³ԹԱ졣
ܲڲŲ٣
ѽԼϴ£Ӱ΢Цܲͨһˡ
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Ӱʱ򣬳ιڰȥɱ
ɱʱľͰһߴߴ
ջԣҲر𰮳ԡ
ãһĿԷ³ûбԼҲ˷ḻˣÿζԼҵĲˣر⣬Ϊﲻô٣ַ߯ɩ˵̫ỨǮÿ׬ǮҪȻ׶ҪͿˡ
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Ӱûôģʮ
Ȣϱ㲻Ը׬ǮӰĳ³ƿԡ
Ժ׬ǮСҲҪϱʮһĳܲô룬ɰӰжĲС
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³
Էʱ򣬳³رࣺرᣬÿҸڣﶼҪ͹һ棬Ůˡ
Сӱ仯Ҳ죬ǰҪȢϱ˵ŮᣬӰҲʮˣ֪ôỹûиı֮ǰ뷨Ůϴɶ÷İϷӰҲˡ
ӰΪ˺׸ƣԼϴĸŮԶ㡣
֪ˣС
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ɶ
֪Լϱ᲻Ըϱôȡ֣ټӪҵĶҺӵת䣬ΨһĿҲǰޱ͸¶ݣĿġ
Ӱû뵽ôʱɴۡ
˼ڷҲˣǰϱ㶵ĿʵûסһǣƼ۾۴С


227 
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Ȳ,һڳʱ򣬲ûиܲһ档
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˵Ǿ˾ֶŮҪճµŮ֪;˾йϵ,ҶίҰ˵ɵƫԶĴ磿
Ҳе㻳,һأ
˵ǰһֽ,Ҳ֪ܲǣ,ҲͷԼŮͳܲӴˡ
ۿԺǰ;۹ŮܲӴֻòⲻҲΪۼôҪϽ㡭˵ⲻ⼸˲پǰһֽˣʼĽۺˡ
ûбӰиŮˡ
Ӱɲ֪Ľĸ,ӹԣҲ̲裬պڣӰһ
ȵű˿˿̲裬ζˣ³籧´ɱȥҫˡ
ģζɣϱһζرá
ӰȹȣһֱҪȣӰҲͺˣСڳźӲһһڡ
Ⱦ¼Ժţⲻ¼ԺŴ󿪣ƳۣƼһĻ۵ʼɺͲм
ȵ˯ǰȶһˮҪ˷źȣ
ɶˮڲȣȷŰɣ
ɣҪȺȣȻٺȣ˵
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Ⱥһˮ´ɱڴͷȻȻԣ˵ɶʱƴ̥Ӱɣ
һСӣ˵óȻûбϱ˵ڳŽȣȻҲ˵
⼸ȴԽʼӰʼ˽гϢ˸ӣòԽԽƯ˸Ҳãһôʼɡ
ۿ⼸꣬˸ԽԽȶʼɵĸۡ
ȥΨһܱӰľǶһǮôģ
Ӱƴ̥һӣϣƴ̥˵ˣԽԽ
룬Ȼպеʣϰ԰ˮԼֵһ
ⲻƼʣզҺȹˮ
ˮɶȻ˵ǰ˸ٺãҲûôɶҪô
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Ӱ
˵ԼѾĵ籨ȥҲ٣ڵĻɫʱסüͷЩѿ
컹磬ӱҵ棬ܲҵ³ѹûעȫڷСڵĳУܺãɤѧȵƾɶңû㶼ɣ㲻ûӰƯÿôЩɶã˵ггϢô
Ӱ

ܲ
ȥ
³˲˵ĳæʵҪȥ
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ʱƻιȥǰü٣ӰҲӴ·Сӵվ
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վ⣬˾泵ţڽӵԼ϶ҪϢ˾ڸ˼ĲС
ȥǰɶˣԼ϶Ÿһ
쵽ûĳ˾ʾԱЩȲ
ĸҲЩȲ
˾ǲǳţԱС͸ӾͻȻʵ
˾ͳĸⲻҲƣǣæ³
۾ҲƼĸϱӵǰ
֣裡
֣裡
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Ӱóܲͳ³ү̡
ܲԳ˾ͳĸôӡ󣬳³ȫûˣСȻ죬ֵܺү̡ʱɤر³ɤȳܲ
úúá˾һ۾ϳ˳ܲĳ⺢ӱķǳãڳ³⺢ӣ˾ˣȫ͸Լ϶Сʱһģӡġ
˾ͳĸĲУ뱧ˡ
ү̣Һö³һ㲻ӰԴ
Ͻϳ۸Ͻϳؼҳ緹
˳ܲͳ³ߴߴӰԼҹ˵
Ҫ˵Ļ¡
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Сʱ·̾һе˾Ժսȥһǳ¼ҵķӡ
¼ҾķӿɱķӴˣٶƽ
涼ǾԱ
Ϲ˳³ۡ
ۣү̣ҵķӺôҼֻô󣡡³˵ֱȣɰѳ˾ͳĸÿЦá
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ܲȻ
ĸԴЦŵʲôү̼ңԼң
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ѼƬմŽ֭ζԵֻζ
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֪ȻŻû˵ʲô
ЩΪ⺢ˣĸʮָмϱܲıлãĸĸм֪ô˵Լ϶˸һرоʮԼͬ¡
⺢Щòûʲô仯ԽԽ־϶ôϲˡ
ȥʰȻӰ
ͳɣϢϢ


228 
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Ӱóĸζĸ۾ľˣΪԼ϶ȥǳԿ࣬뵽ȥ
ĸϱӡˡ
,Ѿ,ҴҸɲӰʱʡ
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һλصŮͬ־¼Ҵ磬ԵŮͬ־һ㣬ҲȽء
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Ӱ֪ڳĸӡֱҪ̫á
ֻϴ׶󲻴Ըչ˳ܲû˵Ը⣬ĸ̫⡣
˾Գĸ˽ܵҲ̫⡣
˯ʱʺ磬ӰҲզʺ硣
һٷ¼ҴǶûզעСܲ
û˳ܲⱾĽ֣¥ģúĺӣɲٺ̣ˣӰԼ˱ʾӾ˭Ҳߣ¼Ҵ֤ҪˣҲĺӡ
⻰ԭⲻ˵֤ҲܣɺӵüǣӰ
Ҳ˼Լϱ뷨ԼһӲüҸ˵Ļȴŵ⣺ôϲܲ
Ӱգգ˵ԼҺӳƯɰϲŹˡ
ȴżѾСӣҪװ۵СŮʱѹײȥߵͷס˵Ĵ
ֻҪŮʲô롣


229 
,鷿˵Լϱ˼ʾԺܲǣϱ
˾ʵ˼ϱģ
֪ϱ˼Ҳ˼,˾þû,˰죬ŵϱǸõģ
ˣ˭һֱֶӣ
ϴڵ׶Ҳһֱͬܲӣ
ʵ˾Լϰ鲻鷳Сڴܲ,ڷһЩܲҲû˸Ҷ
ϴǱߣҲˡ
ԭΪҸʵĶ󻹳,ڻˡ
˾˼֪֮˾˵£ԼСӿԼ,ʮĸʦ,˾ĵײͣ޺á
ⲻ,űͦɰصĶ,˾ĵޱˬ졣
ʱ򣬳³⴫,³ܲϷ,磬ˣ
ɳɳ,,Ҳˣܲʹ󣬲ôɵϷ˦־ߡ
ʱ򣬳,ƼСӾƳǹ׼ཡ컹û𣬱
Ҳû£˷ܵ۴Уֱó˾𵱳Լ϶СʱҲô
˾⺢üҸ
ү³Ȼ캰ˣɰѳ˾˵ĲУ϶ӰѺӸ
˾ѺӼԼϣЦߣүȥߣ
үһһӰųĸҲھٻ͹䡣
İٻ͹ɱسǵĹͰٻˣӰųĸ˲·ҲԼ˺ͺ˲·Ь
ⲻһԼԱߣǮ̫֣Ӱ
ĸտʼȴϱ̫ʡⲻҲûǮ˿ĵǮǸŮ˻ģģǸгϢģＸǳɵġ
ӰպҲôģ
ϣصңӰʰ·ȸ·
·Դܲͳ³ֵܶʮָˡ
ƼԼֵ˲·Ьӣ˸˵۴С
զô·ǲͿҵĶҺ޸ҵҵ㣬ҪǼ޸ˣ³С󣬻û˵꣬ܲס죬ǡóݣɫǽһڳ
ʲôޣҪ޸˻˵׬Ǯһ˭СӻӰҲСӵƨɾһСӹ
㻨㻨ҵ϶Ը⣬ҵô㣡³ⲻۼԼҵɫﻰ¸ڳˡ˿Цæųܲȥ˾ĸڷ䣬Ǵ·ÿÿ
Լ·Ȼÿˡ
ֻСڣӰⲻԼҶӵ٩ѵеС飬ʵǽ·̫࣬ļ·һ˲
·Ҳ˲٣Ҳ˼˫ЬҪ˻׬ǮͿ˵Ķˡ
ӰգգۣɴҲЬʮϣߴպá
ӰԼ·˼ʣǲǸһҲһỨǮ
Ҫ˸ԣ
ô·û˵ʲôǳʣ޸ˣ
զĻ׶˵ģԼ˵ġ
ӰɿԼæʾһ˼ûУȷǼ޸ˡ
˺ڳɫŻһʾ⼸Ƽϲ·ЬӾġ
⼸꣬ĹʽĽв٣ԼҸࡣ
һỨǮӰ
㻨ǮŬ׬ǮŬϺӣ˳
⡣
·ʱӰ˸Ьɫİȹ۵ƤЬٲ㷢磬ü续ʮƯ
Ӱ˺ÿÿѹסÿÿжС
¼Ҵ׵µûģڶԷֱӲܲһҶҴֱӾܾ˶Է
ҶҴ˵µʱһ߿ϳԷ˾ͳĸҲû˵ֻ˵һɡ֡
ӰҲû˵ҪǿľԵ֣һԺиõģ
ӰĿʮָָм
ڵ֪ϱӣʮָмģҲʮָԼҵܵ˸Ůˣڲĺӡ
һתۼļٴҴҹȥ
ۿҪ˾ͳĸʮ᲻ã᲻ӡ
εǻܲܲûѡӰһ
𳵵سǳվȻ󿪳
ӰʱѾߵࡣ
˼ĳ˯ˣžʱ򣬰˰æ
ӰҺ͸߼Ҹֻբз
ĸ֪ⶫǺöһֻëͦģʮָл
ȴ֪Լ˰˸ӰҵæǽһȻɴȣΪ
߼ҴɩӰբзզԣ˵ԡ
ߴɩҪ˵ߵ⼸췽ûٸȳܣ㳳飬Сڶ֪ɶһ仰̣ܵӹҲǾˡ
żҵҪһʡĺҲǰСڸãߴɩ
ӰҲ𵱳źȸȷʵͦã˵ǰԸҲôţǼ⣬˺Ӻ
Ӱ˸ߴɩզբзզⶫ˵˻Ըߴɩߡ
ϣӰҲ˴բзֻճԾˣεס˳³ܲҲŵС԰ס
ɫҲˣⲻȥҽҲֻ֪ˡ
֪ϱֻˣӲüȫЦ⡣
ҽƲסЦ⣬󣬳ϵЦҲûʧĶӡ
ɶлޣСĳ³֪ɶ˼ǳܲĽˣ³֪Ҫеܻܵˡ
֮ܲǰҪܵܣ˸ܵܣҲҪװá
ֵߴߴֵܳϱȥ˯
ȥ˯˱ϣḧĶ᲻ƿۡ
ϱ˵̥ǹŮǶӣӰش𣬳Ҿ̥϶ǹŮ
ӰҪãһ̥Ƕզ죿
ϱҾⱲȢ˵£ͻȻ


230 
Ӱһ̥´󲿷־ɩǸ֪,ӰʶļɩǶˣٻ޿㲻ס
ⲻ緹ʱҲʦϱһ̥Ů޶,ɶѹ,СӴճ˫Ůո֡
ʦʮسЦ,һƼСӴģʮ֮**Ǹ˵ġ
˵ͻȻ˵ԼңҺǰЩӶϱҲջ,û˵ɶ
ߣ¼ң
˵ʵ̫˷ƶ,Ӱ浣һ̥Ƕӡ
ҪǶҲ֪զ,ֻһ̥,̥,̫Ҳӷ
˸Ƥĳ³Ӱ͸ûɶ뷨ӡ
ĩ,ӰſӰë,ʱʱкöԵĳ³ֵܻʮ⡣
ǳܲ⺢ʹˣ¶,ıȳ³öˡ
³ֻһͲ,Ŀ濴Ӱӣǵܻܵã
Ūɶл޵ĳ³ʡ
һƤĵܵܵĳܲҪһãڳ³ʻ󣬿϶϶á
Ҫ,ҪһỨǮզ죿³ʾҪܵܣӵϷ
ӰСְ⻰˵ỨǮ
ӰûסһСС
³һ㲻ۣЦܲ磬Ǹɶ񾭳ޣۼҪã϶һֱޣۼһҪܵܣҶɰ
СһԿ䣬ӰܲЩᣬҪһװ۵رϲġ
Ҫܺܵöһ޵ŮϲеС˽ģҲҪŮո֣Ȼˣ˳һ˵˼
Ұѵ±ĳȻϸüҵȻڻ
ڣ˴բзкȼĸװһӲʮ֮**ȥڣʮַ߷ߡ
յ֪Ӱһ̥ˣƴһ̥Ůʮֲζ
̲ס˵ӰҵĴբз⣬˭֪ǲǸԸġ
ֵڲۼֻзۼõŻôˣ
ȿһӲʮֲ
Ȳ£ĸɲܲ£ϱҲǾˣԹ϶Ӱæբзûٳԣ˵˼ҹҵĴբз⣿

ȷȻˣ־ᣬ˵ӰҵĴբз⣬к
Ȼѹţֻ£˵ڳŽȣѾʦðĽʼɺޡ
˯ǰι̺󣬻̲סﲻԵ˵һ̥ҪŮСӣ
ûжӵķҲ꣺ŮСӸйϵô˼ѾǸʦ
žó¸ʦϱһ̥Ů޶ɣСӴճ˫Ůո֣¸ʦӦöˣ¸ʦӦҪĻСӣ˭ӶӶడ
ɰѷĽ˽
ƲԼ˵˼Ů޵ɫǽһѿֻӰһ̥ҲһǮһЩ
Ӱɲֹ֪עĶӣһĿڳ˷
ǰӣӰҲ˰ӣԼϡ
³ֵܲЦϰˡ
ҪܵܲҪã³ͻȻ
бСһۣ³ĿڣҪܻܵã
Ӱ˵Ůˡ
ûСӣḧӰӵĴ־ûƿ
һһĿڻݣӰ˵ҵճдҵ
ϱզû£һ̥СģЦ
ڼҴúȺɶ£
ţԺѵպ
ϴϱĸγʵֻչ֡
ֻܴԺ顣
ӰҲ˴̥ͲˣСӻǹŮ
˾þóĬ˵
ҪŮ
Ӱޣûް
㲻̫ˣ
࣬ۼ𣡡
ӰɲȻޣ޶ۣȻٴγĬγĬʱⳤӰеɶ˳ɣ̥Ůҽ
Ӱ


231 
һת͹ȥ,ζ̥Ҳǳ˶΢΢û仯
ݸ첲ϸȣСԽ𪡣
,һɫĴ£һɫë,Ƥְ,ͷ磬Եø⾫Ư
ӰŶСԺ߶,һ֡
ĸ¼СԺʱƼӰģ,ֻ߰ģûզ,ԽԽ־,ֱп
ȴźҲƼ,Ӱģʮֲζ,뵽Էɶˣܵ
Ӱͬĸ˵˻,ĸ߶һ䣬
ӰŮ˿϶Ǻ꾫ģױ˻޶ԽԽզԽԽƯ
ĸøϱ˵
ĸ˵ڵȵǲզˣ˭Ǯ
,˵ӰǶﻳŮ޻ޣôǡŮ,Ůޡû˵𵱳ƶӰСӣ
һ̥ϣӰǮ
ȵ˼,Ӱ֪
ϣԹӰεʱ򣬽žͼůģϱȡ
ȻôҲ࣡³Сһѵö¡
ܲҲʾæ࣬ӰһͿ
дҵȵǵС壩ˡ
дҵӰǻ˯ϱȥϴ衣
ӰԸȥϴ裬Ҫ˱ֺӲڵʱԽԽˡ
Ǳȥϴͷϴ衣
Ȼطϱӣ̫ˡ
Ӱ߲ͷĵɶɶ취
ͷʱ˰뿿ڴҲ˯զ˯
㣡
ӰЩ΢죬ӹëĸͷǲһСʱŽ
ϱô˳ͻȻʡ
ӰɿԼ΢죬ӡ
Ÿһת۾͹ȥӰǶڼҵʱˮƵģߴɩһҺͷĸȥҽҡ
ܲе㾭飬³ΪôˣŵĲС
ߣȵ֪Ӱȥҽǽһһֱ˯
ǱߣӰĻ˳ֻһֱҪĹŮǣմҴҸϻҽĳҲװĹŮ
ǵĻϱ
ûûߴɩҲš
ˣ˸ޣ
ǰһڣֱĳЩ
Һûãиʿ˵һŮޡ
̥̥


232 1
Ӱ̥,ҽԺˡ
Ӱϵʱ֪£۵ֻŮҽԺڱ˾ûô¹,֪˶ϡŮ
Ӱ
ⲻ³еоŮУҲϲã
˵ŮԸϲͳ,ҪСϲɶֻԼ࡮šһûء
³
ܵöó󣡡³еûȫС
ӰССŮòǷǳ,ˡ
ǳܲʾܵöÿ
Ӱůů֪³⺢ûȫУӰɴѵܸܵСӱ,Сܲһ𱧡
Ӳ̫ࡣ
ӱ˺һ,е,Ӱȥ˯
ֻС,Ӱϴι̣˻ŮޣŮ΢һޣʱˡ
˺庢ӻǵһΡ
ֳ³⺢ûȫС
ӰһۣʣŮ󲻳󣿡
װ۵ĹŮ,ڳ۵ϲ,Ҳҡͷ󣬺ÿ
۲ۣ˳ʡ
Һ˻֪۲ۣȻˡ
üͷ,ڴ߳ŵԺˣ
Ӱⲻ뵽˾Ȼˣüۣ
Ҳʱ˼ƽŮе¡
ϴ裡Ӱ
ϴǲɵģѺӷºȥˮԼϱϸ˸ӡ
߼ߣߴɩû뵽ӾȻ˫̥ĸˣ˶֪ˣĸߴɩЩ۲
˯ʱ򣬸ߴɩֱ̥̾Ů޶ˣһֱɸʦС߯иˡ
ЦСڶиģѸߴɩǳ¸ʦԺų˵ġ
ɳɳɣ֪ˣ
Ƴ¸ʦǲеŮǲ֪ӸŮ޻ʿ˵Ů޺󣬳¸ʦιȥ˵ǲǶŮɶߴɩԵ
žòܣ̥ĸ˵¸ʦˣŮ
ҪҲӶӶǡ
߼ۣĸҲͬԼ϶˵۵ĽĺܣӰ̥ĸĽĽ
ĸĽĽȻҲĽĽ
ȵ֪ӰĲǮ̵̥һؿڱŵܵţǰһ󷢺ڣֱ̼ӻȥ


233 32
Ӷ,Ӱӷ˱ģÿ,Ů̫,ŮԶ϶
Ӱ,ûˣƽնʳĲˡ
³ûԼĺó,Ʋϳ԰ͷ,ϳԲˡ
Թ
ӰΪ
ԼԵ̵鷳ߴɩңߴɩҺãڵĻȥ,ڵĻ,ߴɩ͹
ߴɩ᲻ϣζҲһ㡣
Ӱеζ,˵һ㲻,治ɫʣµġ
һЩ,ȵ̫٣Ȱٺһ㣿
ˣȰɣӰûɶθ,ԡ
ӣϧβ,˵Ҫ졣
Ӱһ첻ϴ嶼ζ,˲ζ
һ㲻˯
Ⱥͷ1978Ļ飬1978꣬ЩľʽƸεɵɾ
,źͷŶʮ𾪣ۿЩԽԽߣһݣҲûɶ˵
Ӱһȥǰصȥ˸߼һˡ
־Զֵܿ᲻һˣ־Ȣ˸ϱĲ
Ҳ˶ӰҲһתʱĿ졣
ӹĿǿ죬ߴɩȴתôȥӣģ統һü۶˵顣
ߴɩӰ˵ϰ԰ԡ
ⲻȵ£Ӱ֪ȺͷŸ顣
⻹ǳһֱߣϰ߱ȣǰԼϲˣۿ˶ɾˣԼ˻ųûԹԣЩ꣬ոһҷŵĲ磬ŷܵˣ
Ǹ˶ô󣬷ܲסĸҲܲסⲻһγֱˡ
ⲻȻء
ҵǼԼҹŮϣĸεǼڸ࿴ء
ߴɩ÷űȲϳţҲǸõĶ󣬴ԺԻڵġ
ߣӰͬ߼ҸǱ߳Ҳͬʦ
ܼҵĲỹҶ׽飬ϣʦԼˣƼʦͬ¥
ϢʦȻ˾Ҹֳ˾кһ±𺳡
Ҫ֪֮ǰޱ֮󣬲һΪ粻뾩˾£Ϊ˾һ̫Զ뵽ǳ˾׶ӣӰǳ˾׶ϱ
ôһ룬뵽Ӱ೦ӣӰ̫νɾֱҪĽʼɵ۾ͨ졣
⼸զһֱûִԼСȥ¼ҡ
ۼҪȥôүôʱһҿԲôڻϣĳ³ʡ
ԼұŮ³ͳ³Ȼ˸ۣǵզôŮУһ·ϻ𳵣ǱԼõġ
³ͳ³ȻɴӰʵȥô
³ҺҸȥ
ʮĳܲǸӢĴˣҲǰͷ
ӰͷҲЦ˵ûȵһҾͿԲˣ
ԼҺԼϱģʼղš


234 3
1978,Ӱһڴɵͬ˾ĸԲ
겻˾ͳĸ˲١
һ·ӳվԼұŮ,СӸӰ,ܲҲܵܡ
˳վƼ˾ĸӰæ
֣裡
,裡
ǳȻ˾ĸ֪ϱֻ̥ƬĲ,ڳվƼַˣⲻ˵ʱ͸Ų
ĸû뵽ԼҶϱôи,Ȼϳ¼˫̥
ⲻ,Ƽ˫̥³Ȼͳ³
ĸʮּ
˾ЦӶ,ͣ޺ãúúáúӣ
ӰüӺˡ
ү,̣
Ȼɤű,ɤеС,һ㲻С,գգͺ濴˾ĸɰѳ˾ĸһͿ
ү,ǳ,ǻǵҰɣ³ĴɤţСԴʣɰѳ˾ͳĸЦС
˾ĿӳܲϣüһС߶쵽ؿڸˡ
ĳСر,һ˫۾񣬸ֵһǸԼ϶ӵм
ܲɤҲ󣬺һү̣
úúãǺúӣͺãͺãλͲˣ˾Ȼ֪϶ӵĵǿ
źϱأˣ֣
ǾͺãǾͺã˾ĸ
һҰ˿ϳϳĸԼϱȥϱƺһֱûզ仯
Ƥôѩϸ壬ģҲԽ־Լ϶ôϡˡ
ٿ⺢ӣ⺢ϱðװۣ۾ˮëŨֳƯԽԽϲ
ĸԽԽϡ
ⲻ϶ӣӸղųվھû¹⺢ӣʱʱͷźӱιˮɤҲᣬĸˡ
龰Ӱֲˡ
˶ԼҹŮʮ޲ժժ֡
СҲǼֲ֣ÿҪǵܲþͲȥ
һͱιƽղ˵ĵһþͱر˵
УǵǶƤһӲûС
ܲҲ衣
СӰ̾ɰѳ˾ĸЦĲС
һҰ˿ڻصң˾˼ֻѼӳԡ
ԿѼʱ򣬳ĸƼԼ϶ӶŮᳵ·ιѼιѼʱҲûԼϱ
úóԣ³
ϲԶԵ㣡ԼЩŵӡ
³³Ȼ˳ĸһǰǰɡģӰСӵԴãҲǣ
Сɶ
Ӱôֱ˼մ˽֭ѼСӵ죬Ŷסǵ졣
ллСܲҲһüЦģ㡣
ϣ˾ĸʵϡ˫̥˫̥˯
˫̥˯󣬳˾Ц϶ϱϱ治ѼĺúõģܲҲĺúõģ
ĸ˵ǻм٣ǰ϶Ӷϱ˻ʱܲǾ֪϶ϱǸõġ
һߣ˫̥˾ĸ˯˿ȻŮϱÿÿ˫̥˯˶ɡ
Ӱȴ̲סЦϴ裬ϴ˼ͷɢţͿ¶޳ĲڵƹΪϸ壬˳ˡ
߽ŵһɵŵ㣬ϱͿ¶ϱҰ㣡
ЩҲϱĽҲЩƤûкڣԽϸ壬ô
ӰȻ
ȴ˴ϣûˣĸͿ¶Ӱɣ˻ĸͿҲͷˡ
Ϳ˻ᣬеʣȥˮƿˣסϸסԣ𶯣ұһ£
˵һ£˾þûſ
ӰЩԽԽճˣ뿪һᶼɡ
ҿʣˮӰҲѵ
ⲻӰ˱ˮվɰڻ
Ӱˮ˾ῴ
һֱӰɶ
ϱÿ
ѽ
˻˵ζ黰ˡ
Ӱ΢ЦⲻȤǰȥŸĸⲻ⣬֮ǰûסһ𻹳ɣסһЩˣھ˽˷װƵĵꡣ
Ӱָ˵֪ҵ˭Ҳ
ϼҵ£յɹûˣڿüͷ΢޳ɣＸ
ܵҵ¸ɣڷöˣҲ˹ͶҲûɶûƼ϶˰̯ˣ
Ӱ׼ôɣˮе׼ϴ˯
ˣȥ˯ֻû˵꣬ס°ȶסĴ೤ֱ룬һ㲻Ŀˮ
УӰ֣˸ɴ౧ѹڴϣˣôڶɡ
һӰɱڵȥ󴲸֨˼һϡ


235 4
ӰΪס˻ͬԼĸϱִ,֪һʱȥԼҹʼմԼⲻ,Ų󲮸Ҳ
һ,Ӱ緹緹ǹϡ
ڶ,ҧ滹ŨŨ֭óˡ
Ӱԣ˾ͳĸԡ
ԴӰھ,˾ͳĸ֪ԼҶϱж,Ҳ,һγԵϱĲˣͷҪˡ
ҲǣŵϱĹ,ŨŨ֭ը,ֺóԣƤֱֱҪ̫óԡ
ɶ̫óˣһԡõĳ³ȵ,ֻǵƼʱʱа,˵ģ,³̲סŬŬ,ӰƼ,һӸ¡죬ʾԸԡ
¼ҼӵƹСڶģ̲סЦ
˾ĸԼһʱҲ֪Сڸ,ڸο
϶ԽǹĲϴ߳˾ĸҲͷŲ¡
ϴˣ˾ͳĸҲû취
緹ȥӰȥ
ǰʱ俪˽˶Ƶķװ꣬⻹
ܲһȥ
װھĲԶͳɣӰܲûþȰ顣
Ӱտʼû⣬ֻǵ־ö죬ͷۣŶ˻
ô㣬㻹飿ƶ㲻ŸҴ㡣ҪٸҴ㣬۾Ͻֵȥ
ػ˳ҲƼӰͳܲɫһǳܲ죬ʮֺãݺҧ´
ʱһͣ£Ŵ򿪣³
ԶȥĹƣ۵ŨŨĽͺڣæʵ㵽׿ʲôɶÿģ
ȴ̲ס뵽һ׵ʱʱǸ࿡ݣͥҲرãûϧԸǸӣǲȸ˼޽˾ҡ
طƽF˾Ҳãǰͬտ룬ԽԽڣڵĳӶˡ
ߣܲȻûϳʵСղڳզһֱһλ̣ô
ӰӸղŶԷĴſĳԷӦüˣĲǺܺá
ⲻ𵱳Էͬ󲮸׵ʱ˵ԷΪӵĺܲһô
ӰСһԴ⺢ӸͷѾСˣϡǵúӸոɰģߣû£ȥ
