ͥЭޡ
ߣ˿

İ
ӢʮմʱԭɹɷҪϢĹ
Ӣ˻飬ΪںԭĵܵܺԭŮȥг

ɥżʽֻ޲Ҫ
ҿλӵľ˲Ҷ졢ޣҪҲЭ޾ˣ
ԶսһֱȥפǰΪԭЭŮͬ־ȲֹЭ飬Զ飬
󣬺ԶȥгŮͬ־ЭԼǡ÷Ҫ
ͬӵˣߵӢĸǰ˸񣺡ͬ־Э𣿡
Ӣͷڶ쳶֤ں˼ɹɥżʽӣ
ԺϱͬĺųСϱ¾͵ñƤܣ
ӢûãҺԶ겻ڼң͵͵ÿռޣҪ򵥶ˣ
յפأԶӵŻһŵļӣԶͷʹСϱһܹܺĸ𣿡
»Сϱ˵һ˴ĸ޺ܳ
㲻Ҳûϵһĸðװ֣㻹
Զ
ںԶǰ״
ԶСϱִˡ
ԶӢ޷ԡ
ųϱһˡ
ԶľĻפأĸްװ֣ӢĻ
󣬺ųԽԽεСϱ˵ҪߣЭɣ
һΣһû˽˸ĺųɤ󣬡ʲôҶ𣿡

ݱǩ Խʱ  
ؼ֣ǣӢԶ  ǣ  
һ仰飺Ļ
⣺ĿԽ⿪


1 
ӢԽʱ˷ŹչС
۸С˷ӱһ٣Ѳ
˷ӴС˵Ů˶ûˣڸ˰ɡ
ҴûƯŮˣϧ
һʬ嶼Źô
ЦģϽ˰ɡ
̧ŮˣӵǰںõĿ
СŮ޺׷ȥ衣
кȥҸƴˡ
˷ӶԼСȭߣܿСϣ춪ľ
²Ҫ꣬ɡ
ӢĿڱǱ񣬸մҪܡ
ضɽҡǵˣʮӣһָֻƽ
϶ɵģûôܶˡ
Ӣ˳ӵоδ˷Żȥˡ

հ̣Ůǵãô˵ʧ
𾪵ģհ̵ʱûбϢˣֻˣǼӿķ˳
ţղŵʱűһ£˺ö顣
ӢԽģҶʱ䲻ԭļһ㶼ûм̳УֻܸĸС˵ʧˡ
СӺú壬˵ʧǾȻţ׷װ֪鶼
ӼСӿУӢ˽ƽ磬⼸ʮʷ̲һǰǧ궼һġ
û̳ԭļ䣬ͨ⡣
˲ӲӺܺ£Ӣɿͷ
裬ǲӲӣʧҲŶ
ӢģСѭĵȼ۽ԭռԭ壬Ӧðĺˡ
˳˳˲ӲëڵͷõģҼס
ǻ˸λãѹ֪ϼӢһߡ
裬ҲŮ
Ӣ̲סЦˣʵʲô
պѽ
Ӣָָ˲ӲӣӲչˣպǽãСҪʵûĻְָҸɡ
С.һƲְʿСû
Ӣﲻ̣ԴǺðɣ֮ǰҶ.衣
Сʱʱ䣬ĸ˽˲Ϣ
ͺãикԶСǴӾбģƿҷˡ
ԭŵܹ֪ܵϺŮ˲ӲӣҸոջعɷͷಡ˷װҽԺ;Ѵ˺ӹ˹
Ӣ֮ǰĸԾȣϧûɹ
һദҲĸӽһꡣ
Ҫⳡͻĵ𣬺ʹԽӢĸѾ˷תˡ
ӢץֻҰʱҲˣֻȷָǺͲӲӣֻꡣ
Լһ鼦ҧһڣ۶֭ڸСζĶζóԶˡ
ĸСԵͷ̧һˣˮƽǿԵġ
ʱȽѷС˵Ҹ
ԱϢ˻ᣬĸɽ̾װսʿ
Ϸ𣬲ӷӦѸ٣̰ӵܱѾϰա
Ӣľװİĺܣʶĸӻ
ĲѣӢ˵հ̣ǴľװҶһģǽžˡ
Ҳ沿ӣӢԾĻ⡣
ͷλ˹۲ܵԵĳˣһòŮ˴ĸӣпûҰ
Ӣ˸񣬡ͬ־ϵפӵģô£

ϵפƽմӾǰ߻صԺӢͼȥĶˡ
췢жȵ𣬲ɳȥѾȶӣɽϵĻݣȻ˱˷ӹĸӺʧӢ
ͷô˷ӹľ˹
Ǳ˻ͬ˷ӣԵĴӼֱιߣĿǰѾ
Ƕ庫Զڰ飬֮Ҳϵ
ӢŵܵܺŮϿлɷ˳ɷž۵ġ
ͷʱиŮ˵˳ɷи־ͬϵĳҪӢȫǡ
ӢಡŭĻȥ˷ҵɳ֮ҽԺĽڣͷϰӢӴߡ
ҺöȻˡ
ƽ޴ȥӢżӣʱסڼ
Ϊ˱ӣƽȥ˲ᣬȻϵ˺ԶڵĲӣõȷеĴ𸴣˵ԶŵŽܵϵӺӡ
ҵ䣬ӢǱߺ鷳
ΪӢѾɷ˳ɷ顣
Ǿݸɷʪë
ӢȥסдˣСҪǣҲһȥˣһᾯӻ
ƽӢסд漴һ㶡
˷ץӢİһֻ֤ǮƱϴһգ˷ҧ˵ǮͬߣĿǰ˷ӽͬﻹͨ
Ӣ޷ģʲôסдûǮûƱôԷ
ΪʲôҪסдǲ˵ʲôĻˣ
ûУӢ鷳ǣҪȥסдҾþȥˡ
ƽ﷢ҪӢǡڵѹʱĸӴӷаĸӾΣա
Ĳ˵ҵǺүӵʧһڣүӲΣΡ
ҪǼʱ绰ҽԺү˵ҵˣ˼ҹȲˡ
Ŵ˷ȳǮסд
ҿ϶þٺõѽ
Ǿ⣬ˣӢûʲô취ϵ
ӢǱˣɷ仧ǿģҪ飬Լзʽû취仧
仧ֻܻԭӢֲٻԭܵЦԭҲû˹źӺ
ƽ룬ҪӢһѡ
ץס˷ӣ˱ʿŹ£ͬ־˹ģҴ棬õӢ
ƽǸֱ̹ľˣӢĹģȫǳ˾Źµĸм
ǾﲻϲӢ欵Ůˣ˫βһۣ˵С
ɷӢĹͷﲻʹ졣
æȰӲԤطߣҹĻس֪أӢߺŲʡ
ƽʵʲôð취
ǾʵѾа취ˡ
Ѿð취ˣӢܸϵˣһѻӢҲͬˡ
ƽһҲǸ취вѡ
Զ飬Ӣ׼ɷ飬ӣࡣ
ҺͺӢȻģӢĸദĻг
ӢͺԶûйνˣԶӪһһһĽ㹻һڡ
ƽϴЦ˵ðѺԶܸӢͦġ
Ǿ㲻⣬ӢǶ飬ϺӪ
ƽǸ⣬ôˣԶҲǶ飡
ôһ
ԶãʮӪȳֿＶߵûᣬûǿ
ҪֶŮġ
׼ܸС
ƽͬԧףСҪҸܹӵŮˣֶŮʣͷһؼëҶ㣬һǾͬ־ʡ
Ǿɷ˸ۣҵİţҶˣ˼ԺܰƿӰС޵ĸ顣
˵ӢǱߣҸܵǺڲĶ˾궼ûңǸصˣɽӢˡ
ʮţ磬Ҳ磬ޱ꣬޸϶ʱ򻹴һŮ
һӣ϶ĶӶ쵽ˡ
ƽˣëɣӢʮ꣬Ӣɷҵ
϶ļŮӢɷĴѧͬѧΪ϶ŮĹϵܵͷӢ˴̼Ĺ䵽˷ͷӢ϶ԣ˭أ
ǾҪӢڵɷ򰡡
ƽҿ󱻶ĵֻԼ
ˣԶԲѡӵֶŮӢĻ϶ΪȷʵͿôѡˡ

ͬ־㿪һڵģסš
СεĽӢ͵д
λСͬ־ǿˡǰæס꣬˼ʣӢϵĸл
лл㡣
Сˡ
һָĹվ˵ʮ·վ·ܵлأͬ־ȴ绰
лص㵥λһ˽ȥо¥ǼҲ˳ӡ
СŤŤ󲻿ϳȥ裬Ҳסﲻ
ɽ˵ˣǼû֮ǰӢ衣
Ӣ˵첻Ҫ𣿡
Ǿöдѽ
Ǻòҵһ裬Ųֿ
ӢѺǱλϣ˵һҪȥлأҲӲӵİְȥؼҵǶɡ
ڳӵһߣСʹ֪ϣհǲҪ飿
֪ܣǰɣ
ԺǸ磬Ǹհ̣
Ҳ֪
֪治֪˵øŸ磬СǸӢģӢ㣬вӲӲǽ壬Ǿ˾ˡ
ȻѪԵϸףǸϣǸͲӲӸ׽
̾СһĹ֪ϵļһ˷ӣҲ㻼빲ֵˡ
ֵܣҲģڿлذٺãǵù棬Ժ͸Ҷסڵˡ
֪ϸѹˡ
Ӣʹ֪ϣǵ絥λĵ绰𣿡
֪ϵͷʧʲôǵãعƶǵø糤ʲôӡ
ʵҲǵˣֻǰƬ
Ѹ絥λĵ绰볭˳
Ӣдĵ绰ȥûǱ߽Աˣֻ˵ǹ˳ɷСʱ󵽻أ鷳֪˳ɷһ¡

лǮ
ƱԱųţĿĵغ󣬽ӢƱ
Ӣ˹ŷԼַɵˣûǮ
ﻻﲻһԼͨûңһ̫ϰߣ
˷һ⣬ϵǮƱѹεĸɸɾס֤ǮСģ˿һǮûС
ӢǸ˼ûǮˡ
׼³һλװͬ־ǰӢ˳Ʊ
Ӣͷۣ˶ʮͣݿ㣬İʵһ˰ˣȻڲӴеǡ
һ֮Եһлܻϡ
æлллͬ־
ԶͷתִӺ˳
л˵
10.28ſӵġǧڰعޡղ
˶˵ˣ
ƯСŮҪȥؼعޣ
׵ʱ򣬱˸ˣ
վ飬سܵڻȥ·ϱߣس
ΪսسúˣȢδ޽棬سϲ˹һӵԹ
ոմĽųһ亹ʰȥؼң
թʬس͵ûͽԼˣ
سִʱ˸ΣδأӺõñգգ㱻żϴѪŮ˷ħĻǱ˼ҵĵܵܣ
º׬˺ܶǮԼδ޲ͬ⣬ҪҪ޸
ϲ棬˻һӵԹ£
سˣ˶δıδޣ
δ޲ʶˣس죬һŮӼңһȥʲô
һ£δˣȥعޡ
س
ִ·ſڣ׹òس͵͵ۣðã㱻δ޽ľˣﶼЦ
ھţһعһޣٳ˸񣬡ͬ־س
棺
˴ɥżƵӡ


2 
ԶıӰƱԱ㶼࿴˼۲ջĿ⣬һεˣٻͷղûǮƱСеƲϡ
һˣղųλžͬ־ü˶ԥƱء
ӣûǮƱô£
ӢƱԱ־ֻ̣ܵû
˿лվ³иȳǰڿ۾棬һ˫㲵۾
Ӣáǰȥ֡
Ӣһ£Ӧþԭɷ˳ɷˡ
һϰƱľˣȫһʣɷϣ˶쳣
ǹ˳ɷɣʧˣ˺ܶ飬Ҹط˵ɡ
˳ɷסˣʧ𣬻
Űδȥ˰칫ҡ
Ӣ˳ɷ˵װס
Ҵ֪ϺͲӲӣͷиʮŮˣ˵һ˿˵ίǵġ
һĿǣ˵ǰ˵Ҽ㵱Ѵ㲻òͬҼ׸˵С˵ڴѧŮѵģӲҼҲɢˡ
Щǹ֪ͷţӢһֲ˹˳ɷ硣
뵱ţಡǲܴ̼ģҵƲ˵ĵ£ˣҸӱ˷ӶϣҪѾȵľˣҲû˵ǰˡ
˳ɷڲѣ̲סˡ
ᵽŮͬѧ裬治֪ɥ飬ҸǴѧͬѧû̸ʲôҲ֪ΪʲôҪô˵
ǽеλ˾ȥǵģ·̥ˣ˾޺óȥͷѾˡ
˾˵ӲˣҶˣǣ绰ʱ˾Ҵͷġ
ޱȣӦȥӵģʱиҪĿл飬Ҫڻߣζ߲
֮ҲȥҽԺдˣ˭Ҳû뵽ӢźӣڲӵļԺסһϡ
Ӣ˳ɷʹı鲻װģû˵ѣʲôͬѧʵ
ǻƽʱŮͬ־ദûִ磬˾пɳ֮ȻҸ֮أ
˳ɷ뷴ģûС
˵һסˡ
ͬѧҹţ͵ҽԺæסԺѡ
ͬѧ߱ǰһҾݣ˶ʦ˹ϵӦͬѧȥصĿ
ȴ˺Ӣಡ
ӢҲ֮ͬѧ鵽ʲô̶ȣΪҥɣôأô죿
˳ɷ޵òУôôС
⻰࣬˵Ӣ˳ɷ顣
ߵʱ֪ϲ꣬ǲʲôӣӲӸ˵ֻƬϼ㣬ӹҡ
һ׵ܵܣһǹͬŮóɣҪ֮һĹʣʮְ꣬ɣ
һӢҪ飬˳ɷ۾
ӢãҲ顣
ӢĬһᣬԭĺԭˣ²ȥ֡
ֻҪ΢˳ɷ㣬ĿڶʹԭУԭĺܰˡ
Ҫˡ
˳ɷ治飬һӵʱֲӢҪ룬ô˵ϸı⡣
ϣǷء
ֻǰ˾ϯΪӢ䲻Բûг֤
˳ɷѹӢãʲôǵ𣿡
ǵãǲǾͲˣ
ӢԹ˳ɷʵûʲôԭˣҪ롣
ҡҡͷǵˣҰȥʱ䣬֪ϸҵġ
ĸԼͬ⼴ɡ
˳ɷڵĹʶǰ˼104ָһ뵱ѡ
أǮĵط࣬ϵĻ취ҷݹɣ˹仧
ʵֻҪ˲֤ӢԼݣסлصļԺ
㲻סһ𣬿Э飬иݰ
ǹ˳ɷŲ졣
Ӣҡͷ˵鷳ˣίİˣҽ˸׶׼ȥʵĻٻ顣
˳ɷдֵһ٣ֱʼ߳һīˮЭȾһƬīա
ҲһƬֻдһЭ顣
ЭдãǩְӡӢԭɷƽϵĽޡ
ͦõģ˶á
˳ɷ˵ӢãԺһܼ𣿡
Ӣ˸ѣȻˣҰĩԹ֪ϺͲӲӡ
˳ɷǸмлл
ӢʵˣҪƱƱһ㣬еǮƱ˷ûˡ
š
˳ɷȥһ£ʱһǮƱ
µĸȸ㣬ͬ´˶ƱʮƱš
лл
Ӣļֵ۱׼˳ɷǸеˡ
ֻӢҲԼߣ˳ɷǸԭģ֮
˳ɷ磬úöİɡ
˳ɷ米ȥժ۾෢۾

Ӣߺ󣬹˳ɷ籨˾һͷʵҡ
ָ߹˳ɷ磬ܹͬѧͬ־ˣ˵Ҫļ£سȥһ
˳ɷѾǧعһЧҲҪһԲ
ȴΪಡ˷ӹߡ
Լ޶ź衣
˳ɷ޵ҧгݣȥ쵼ԺҪڻؼţӰʵ飬˭𡣡
ľܹҪ춡ͬ־ˡ
˳ɷ磬ʧ뿪ʵңصİѺ裬׼ƽͬ־
ȣţ˳ɷ翿סðץҵģȥְҰ
ɲţ˳ɷôץΪأ
ٴܵʵңΰŶûҲϽȥͨ
ܹˣæԺͬ־κ飬Ҫͨ

Ӣ˳صд֪Ϻ͹˲Ӳ˵Ѿ˳ɷͬ־ƽԼ
֪ϣҸЭ̺ˣԺ㻹ҺͲӲһѡ
ֿ֪ʧ䣬ʵ㣬Ժȥ𣿡
ȻҺý󣬰ĻͿȥ档
ֿ֪
ҲڽͲӲߣֲʧȥ磬ȥҺͺ
˲Ӳʵ裬°ְֿԱȾɰְָÿ𣿡
ӢЦºѣܺÿְֵ̫ˡ
˳ɷòѾǰμˣ϶ĽգŨüۺǱȹ˳ɷ绹һء
ͻȻǮƱľˡ
ģ˳ɷò£һ־˶еʡ

ƱǮӢϴŹ֪ϺͲӲȥӪԷ
˳һأټһƬ׷һһ
ס޿˼䣬ëһ죬С渶ģǼίҸģǮҪ
ȫס˳ɷʮǮĸѣֻ˳ס¡
ʶƾƱӦзûк㣬ɽºԼ
ҪڵϣĿǰŽ

ͻдӢȥ˲ӼԺѯˡ
Ǳ߶ˣǾʵ
Ӣͷ˳ɷ˻һ¸ʮĸѡ
Ӷˣ
Ȼˣ˳ɷ綼ûӣӸô
ǾԾѣѾʾӢѹ֪Ͻ磬ӢֻҪһСٻ顣
ӢôɵӶҪˡ
϶Ŀǰڼٹ֮ũ磬϶ĿǰӣǲӢӵġ
ڲӴøڲ꣬˵ᣬʵ׻ᣬ϶Ұڶ¥ż䣬Ͼŵ㣬ٵˡ
С
ȵȡǾֽס
ӢͷλҪ
ǾĿӢϸϣ̫֫ˣڲסϸڵһ°ɡ
컻ѡ
ΪɶӢ⡣
Ǿ﷭˸ۣж๴ѵû
̫欣϶ϲء
Ӣͷ˿Լȷ黨ɫֱͲ㣬صĲٱصװˡ
˫һգգҾɡ
Ǿķ꣬һһû˲İɡ
Ӣסдȷģڼ˵Ļˡ
ӢûͺǣʵǸأ
ʳóԷȥˡ
ӢŻȥ㲻ˣ˵ǻͷ鷳θ˵һӲء
ʱ鷿ſһ죬иӰվθߴͦΡ
Ǿæ嵲סӢߡ
鷿ԼӵĶ庫Զ̸ء
֪Ϊʲôǲ鷿˿Ӣ
ǾͲӢϽ뿪
Уþȥ֪ϺͲӲӶдҲȫץȥɣ㡣

Զǡøƽ깤ϵ£ſһŷ죬ͷпˣλŮͬ־ͣס˽Ų
ղǾһƳϳǵݵıӰǽڹŮͬ־
ҹƮļ֣ǾС顣
ԣڳŮǾӵӢͬ־
ҿǾȻˣȻүҲˡ
˾ǰԶ׷ȥлƽͻȻ뵽ҪԶһָ˻
үүظҸÿϱҪ걧ԲԺŪٸʲôЭˣҪȥһˡ
һ׷ϸղǹˡ


3 
Զְֻ鷿ŹϣεүӰӽߣҾͲüϱ
ƽǺЦһԼү˵ȥ
ү岻ãʱ䶼ԴԶôһ˵
ɩĺֻܴߡ
ϵ̡
ԶԺղĨٻӰ̲סʵղŸɩ˵ģǾᵽӢͬ־ɡ
ƽ̾ԭ׼ܸԶ׵أƫͬ⡣
ɲǣں˵æɩϹ֣϶ǹҲԸȥ࿴ɼƵͶ·ˡ
Զͷ϶еĻΪʲôȥ࿴
룬ϾͺˣѾܸ϶ˣƾʲôȥⲻ¡
ƽ˵ɩӸ˸׶㲻ȥɩҪҶ߶һ꣬ȥ࿴һ£ɲɵ˵͵ҡ
ԶӦˣס죬Ұٺþͽв
ƽӽɿ졣
УסһӶУɲٵ

ǾӢԶѾˡ
ˣСͬȥ˰ɣ
ƽڻӵİŲףӦˣҾֶŮɲˣ̫ϣ
ѻ죡
ǾôͲУϱ͵ׯͻݵģѲɻҪӢ欵ĺ꾫𣬿žͲ֡
ƽ
ô˵أӢͬ־ôιˣ
Ǿƣ꾫һʲôó֣˵
Լ˵Ը
ҵİŶʵģƻԶ˻飬Ǿˣ뵽ʱúүӰæİŸɳô
ô
Ĺũѧҵӹȥ
ƽǾˣԲģԲӳ
ԭӴСأԶӵֶŮɲˡ
ֶŮã˽⺫Զ
ǸˣΪһԲܹشϲŮ˵١
ҽ˵ǺԵä֢ͿıʶȺǿǿ˷
飬Լϱǲסˣ׷Ů꣬˹һȥ

ǾֶŮͺԶܺʣҹȥũ
ԶϹ÷ˣģʮСİ꣬ǽ֮ϹøǴӡ
⼸꣬ƿˣͺԶԼĺӡ
ҴˣԶǰЭҲǰ飬֮ûģԶ治ϹҲõˡ
Ǿҵϵ統ֶ֪Ů˵ѺԶڳǿ׶
ȥ࿴һ£˵Ϳأ
ոӻе£ô˵ų䵭ǰ궼û飬Ҹ׾ˣ
ϹãǾұǰòǱǰ޻ṴˣܰѸ䵭ĶҰȥ
Ǿ㣺
˭˵˵ġ
Զǰ޼ųķ£֪Ҫתϵũˡ
ޣԲ˵ġ
ǾԲŶʮɵĴСӻ䵭϶ǺԶǰһΪҥ
ԶԼĺӣҥԾͲѽ
ԺԶӡϱ϶ϵ϶ŮӵȥεʱǺԶ±߰϶֤ݼ̡
϶ǡĸ￪ţС̷ȥչزʱ򣬾˱ũμҿ֪ϱҲ
ֶ֮෽չˣһ⡣
϶ܲ˳¼̳Ų
˺ܶǮ϶ϱģ϶ͷֽǲТӺͶϱ̡
ϱӵľ֮ҪǲҲ
ȥ϶
ʵϹã˵ǸڲĶ˸Сϱ
Ӣ϶ʮţ˳һǣҲʮͷǽӢˡ
һ£϶ôϹòܸҡ
Ǿˣһ䣬ͷ
ٺҲǸˣӢ޵Ļ࣬ʵʵӪȥ

ڶ׵ӣӢĺ磬ԭ·ûпģֻؾģû뵽󣬸Եס
Ӣվӣԭò£Ϊкϵܣıԭ׾ء
ʲô·ﲻأɡ
Ǿ˵ϻᰲž֪ϺͲӲӣȵ˵ʮû
ӢˣС˵һȥᡣ
ȥ᲻Ӱף֪ϵǵʵ
һ㣬֪ӲСƿǺൽʶġ
ӢһԭΪС
Էܺӣǲͬ齨ͥġ
ͬģСϲ׶Ҳؿǡ
ҲδͥһӣӲȨѽ
֪ܳ
Ȼе㵣Ľ׻ΪͲӲӲɹ뿴δ
һ£ǺܿĸӢȥ˲ӵĴá
Žףеʧ䣬֪δĽ᲻ͲӲƿ

ӢС˶Ķ档
˸ƬϿĲ𲻴󣬱ƬҪЩ
˳ˣ˱ͦǲһŨüۿȥȷʵֻʮͷ
Ӣͦġ
Ƕ˾Ȼ˵ʡ
ӢʵΪҳٵʮҸǸ
˸ΰӺӣŸˣųٵ
ŶС˵׶иŮôжʮ߰ˡ
ǰСȥʮ꣬Ͷܸˡ
ôܵƯСⲻϹ
ĳȰ˵ʧˣ㲻̫׵飬кӣ˵һϹƣϸټޣ治ʵġ
ÿӢϵŮӣǲȱ׷ġ
ӢϿңһʱֱ粻ǿԼƳ٣ʵĽ顣
òû⵽ԭò൱̫ƽʢ˸ܾˡ
еƵġ
ȻԷԸ⣬Ӣɲô
˵аɣټ
ΣﲻΪɡ
ʲôʸأֻǲ䣬֪֮ġ
̾˿ѹ˵Ӣѹ˹أҶǸˡ
Ҫʮ꣬ղŹίһټ˵˸л
Һòǳ嶯ͣ粻뵢˼С

ⶼˣһʼ϶ӢףֵĵģΪӢ̫Ưˣ϶ԥĴӦ
Ļѡף϶ڹؼʱ̣϶ԩϱԩ
϶ϱǸ϶Աֱϱôˣ϶ɾ䲻
ⱲϹý绨ӢСһ꣬϶ôͬ⡣
ӦϹᣬûӦҪԶס
ʵϣᣬ϶ġ
ҲźӪˣڵĺӪڿյأ˲ˡ
ƿżţϱϤˣԼ侲󷽷˵ͬ־׵ġ


4 
һⲻμǸϵֶŮ֮ǰΡ
˵ʶҲֶܰŮܸɡ
翼ǵղѾӢСˣԼղžܾĲί̬ġ
ҽʮˡ
Ȼ϶ʲô̬;Լ̫ܵС
ģ϶ˡ
ͬ־ʵ㣬ѴϹú͹øӦ֪һߣ߾ûܱũμҵĶӣһֱңҪҸЭ顣
Ҳ֪ǰĸһֱûģҪӼŮң㲻ͬ⣬ǷҪҰ㵲һҵһľ㿴𣿡
϶ȷʵǰĸһҾķʤϻغȥˮҩ췹ҿˡ
ҲǲУйãȻǸȡЭһһ룬ɾǶˡ
ͲˣȰѽ֤ˣ˳˵
ˣҲҪһҪҾǱ߸˰ٿǮӴȥ޻صģǮȳԺỹġ
ȢϱȻҪǮģ϶л˵
Ǿô˵ˣƤ֮ǰȱţ𣿡
㲻Ϲðɣ϶е㲻ס
ҲҲϲӪϹýҸףݹϵҸܷۣǸʵˡ
϶һҲеԶսһЭһΣүӷɡ
ǣǸ鱨ȥϹ÷Ҳ֪ģô죿
ܣϹ÷ǱԼȥ󡣡

¥żӢ¥󣬿ﲻٲӾٺĹŮǣߴס
᲻ǳеġ
ãûͬ־Ը࿴
ľˣܱͷ˿ɿЩ
ӢԼҪ󲢲߰Ʒ϶Ҫ׼γЩٲܱȸղż϶仧ڣӣûʲôҪˡ
ԼòЩҪְɣôûأ
Ӣܣ͵͵ͬ־٣ûһǰڨġ
Щͬ־Ҳ̫˰ɣ
϶˵ãôûأøƨ϶ƭ
Ӣϣˡ
֪Ͼÿ϶ӲԱ߰ˣŲӲʧ
ͬĺӶµĶ࣬˼.жɣû˵㣬ҸӲȥǱߵ¶̨һᡣ
ӢС˼ЦЩǾ䲻òǰڨǶֱĺˣǵ⡣
˲Ӳ̾˵裬˭㳤ôƯŵˡ
ӢһЦЦÿһ˫ˮβ΢΢ղ͵λˣŤͷǺ
Ӣ֪ⳤ࣬ڳǵ˼ҵ
̫ˣûеĻϲ
Ҳϲ
ôûһأ
һṦﶼĶˡ
ӢҪˡ
ʱ¥ˣȻڹϰƱͬ־
һװſεѴŮŮȫѹȥˡ
ԶӢʱҲ¥ݿڡ
Ӣ뵽Ӳ˵ҪҸȾɰְֻÿ°ְ֣ûסЦһ¡
һЦԭִٲǰˣ˹
Զ߹Ӣкͬ־á
Ӣѵθܵıѡ׶
Ȼô֪ء
뵽ǷǮӢǮóãǷĳƱǮ
ԶʧЦǮҪ˰ɡ
ô㣬һǮҲҪģŰɡ
ӢöһֵӲңĵԽİ𪡣
ԶָʹΣŴӢİöӲҼԼġ
Ѿ͸ˣ΢ʵס˳𣿡
˳˼ҿҡ
ô᣿
Զ죬϶ĪԿǲá
ɶԷǿңˣҲң㿴ûһڨΪҴСɡ
϶ԭ򣬺Զ룬ǴҶ˼ǾӢῴǡ
ԼҲġ
ǾҪҪ׵ѯʿں˵ڡ

վסˣվЩΣҺԶҲߡ
ӢֻʵҲ˳
ţһᣬûˡԶʵش
Ӣ룬ǱŸˡ
ȥ¥żףмǣŴߵģⶼɣ˵ûԵ֡
ͬ־ǿ󲻵á
ӢЩɥ۸治һò̫ÿģ˳
ҪЭͺˣҪ֡
Эޡ
ֺֻ룬ˡ
λվߣ֮ǰʱʱһ۵Щͬ־ҿˡ
ӢýҪʧܣȻȥ
ԶͻȻͷһ䣬ͬ־Э𣿡
ӢתͷһۣԷӢ͸棬ǿЦ
ɻʵҲкҪ
Զͷ
ӢԣֵߡθߣҪһء
ǾĿɡ


5 
Ӣֻص˶¥ż䣬ηڸղŸ϶׵ĸڣԶ·ʱ򣬻˵϶һŮˡ
ӢԶ˵Լ
֮ǰΪ䲻֤ǰֻϯϼѶΪǾǷˣԸǰЭֿ󣬲ȥϵЩԺӵĳɳҲ洦
֪ǰ׵ܵܣʱ꣬⼸궼Ҵģ׵ܵܣӲҹŮҸǰЭˣѣӶҸ
ҸĸȥˣڻԼŶˣһʧճû⣬ǰ˺¼ǲסҵܵ˵ǰвв˹ҲԣգҲҷݹ
ԶѺõĳŶ΢ЦԼ̫ã
ԼŬˣƽʱ鲻࣬ЦҲܽӲ
ʵЦʱ򣬺ů
Ӣö˹ĿЭޣҲѽ
ֱ֪ͦ˼±ϾղڶǱߣûӲӣӦɵġ
ҲöĻеŤŻûǰλʡ
֪᲻ǡ
Ӣ󱳣ģԶ˵ô˵˵ɡ
Զͷ˳Ӣ߼Լ
Զʮ֮ǰйһΪЭѾ˻ϵҲǡƽİɡ
ӣʮСİ꣬øҺͬ꣬ҸɩŹ£кýкǡ
ȵȣǺǵĶ壿
ԶЦŵͷȴܽš
Ӣͬ־֪ǺСͷͺǸСħǵĶ壬֪᲻ùġ
ҲҪģᣬӰ쵽ңûˡ
Ӣ˵أ˿м죬ȷʵķơ
ǺɣӲϻžȥ棬æˣûӡ
Զ쾩Ǿ͸ǣû뵽ϣɰ
ӢѾԸ߰˷֣תͷСҸͥлǲУ
ԶѾֱˣʱ̲סֱͦЩֻ޴š
ﲻȷԸԸ⣬˾ãԼıֲá
ҪǲϲĻӢġ
źղ̫ˣûӡ
ʵˣСݾˣ֪Ҳ⡣
ҽ׶ǺͺǵĶ壬ñȸղλá
ٺ͸Щ
֪ϵ㣬ûġ
Ӣתͷ˲Ӳӣأ
˲ӲͷԶĵͷţƬϵĹ˰ְһÿ⡣
ԶЦ
ӢСԴӣȥ¶̨԰Ƕһȥ
֪϶µǣŲӲˡ
ЩܵСӵ˵ˣӢʵͬ־֮ǰЭޣôЭ鷨³̡
Զˣôᣬסˡ
Ӣ˰첻˵Ҳ̫˵㡣
Ұ£ͼ˯ûС
˵ЭҪҪأ
һʡԵԷĻҶǳˣҲǲϡ
֪ԶǲǱʱ̫ˣ˾Ȼˡ
Ӣ˸⣺һ¶ٽأ
Զ·ձ˴ˮ̳󱳶ˡ
𣺡ʮ߼һһһ顣
Ӣ۵˽⣬ͰʹɣëһһëһԶĽ㹻һˡ
Ӣû뵽ôߣڲӵְλͰ
εɷίһһʮſ飬ξѾĲС
ɼίʮˣԶŶʮء
Щڽǰǰһ¸ʮĸѣһֱʮ꣬ǻ㽻ټã
ԶĶۿɼǺˣѰ˼һ£˵ÿʮǮ㻨ʣµϽ𣿡
ӢǸʵġ
ĲУ󷽵˵ÿ½ʮɣԼ㻨
Զ⣬á
ôӢǾҪҪĻ˺ü飬ںԶĽУǹ˳
ΪӢиýã˸Ļϵսʿ£ͷ£ÿ𴲣ܸԹ˾ʢÿۡ
Ӣɲ
ڷ棬һһаɡ
ϸ̫ƵĻ㿴Ҳⲻס
ͺԶʢֻԼˡ
Զʧ֮£´ɲ豭ˡ
ӢΪЭһΡ
ٶˡ
Զȥɨ㣬ͷϡϵƬɨҧȷԼΣ˵£Ϥ֮˵ɡ
˵Ƥ̫ˣӢüۡ
̸Ķ̸ˣʵʲôʱ飿
Զʱ̧ͷĿᶨͻȥ鱨档


6 
ӢʱǡڵĹҲˡ
毺ãϲɫ϶Ӧɹˡ
λǳɫģ˵˼Ҷûʲô⣬Ӣһӡܺá
֮ǰ϶ǻҰɫģԶǰɫɫΪɫ϶ĻҰףǶһɲľŻֳĺĻɫϢ
أ˵϶ȢϱֻܻҪı䣬ɫҲıġ
λ϶Ҳ׳ɹǴԺǼԺھӡ
Ӣͷ΢ЦǴк
ԷĻ飬ڣӪ𣿡
ӢͷۣԶ϶վżſͬʱ㶣񶼲ԼҪˡ
ӢŤͷ΢΢һЦţ̸ˣ˵ȥ鱨档
Ҳǣɹˡ
飬ҽǾϹá
죬ﾹȻεֶŮԶ˵ӵĹͽ
Զ϶߳һأѡ϶ҪԶӢò˼顣
ʵúֱӣ㲻ҪԶѡ϶𣿡
գգۣЦڣϲ϶Լѡ·ҲҪꡣ
ӢֱˬԸ
䣬Ȼȥҹ֪Ϻ͹˲Ӳӡ
СôӢ˵̸ˣܿסԺԷһϽʮļá
֪˵ǺܶѽǰĹʮһء
˲Ӳ˵ԺҪְ˶԰ɡ
ӢǵģǮǣҪ
ߵſڵʱǡΡ
ӢһԼֶŮô
Ǹ󷽵ŮʱҲ߲ѣͷ½ǣˡ
ӢŮŮ鰮涼ߣֻûɣͺߵĵͷ
ֱʺԶһܼη޹ϵѹֶԷŵİѲ豭顣
ǲʵֱ̫ӣŵԷˡ
Ӣ̲סЦ
οӢϵЦ⣬ʵСأ
ӢҲͷˡ
ǾϹϲЩʧ䡣
϶ãӢˡ
ˣβ׼ǿԸ𣿡
񰡣ȥͦġ
ֻҰ£ۡɢܿమԸһһģӢҲֻ֤ѡ
ͦμӵģû⡣
ϹûΪӢ࿴϶ȥҪˡ
ҪϹ֪ӢͺԶˣеĲ϶Ϲ÷ը˲ɡ
Ϲ÷϶Ļ³ɲˡ
Ҫϵ϶Ľ鱨ͨ˽֤Ͳˡ
Ǿĸ첲Ϲãһ¸߰ɡ
Ӣӻ֣ͬ־ͷ
ؼ
Ӣ˵ʲôղϵٺɫǴŻԵĽ

¥ͺԶ
ⲻΰɣ
Զģȷϵġ
϶˵ʮˡ
ԶҲ֪ˣ˼ҹģЦ㻹ʲôģ
ûҾ;ǼҹԿˡ
Զ뵽Ӣ飬ҪиŮӢʮģȥ̫СˣΪô
ӢͣǺӦģӢû˵Ҳûʡ
˼ҹԸģԺõ㡣
Ȼ
϶ͺԶûԷ˵̸ʵЭ飬һЭһЭޡ
ҿ¥ûˣ˵и¸͸
˵
ǰͷǸŮΪңŶǸĽͬѧӢǰͬ־˲е˼
Ȼȥͷͬ־˵һЩеļٻŵӢಡӢǰ飬λǰͬ־͵ɳȥˡ
Զÿīɫͫױ䣬ԣ飿
Ƕ޴ļŮѧŮΣ˽ȥ
æأҸ˵ҹܲˣ˴ҪܳΣɷ
ԶѸ뵽һ⣬֪Ӣλǰͬ־϶ŮͬѧɰӢܸ϶
˭أ
ȻӢܿϵӣͲɱ۸
Զתͷȥƽ׼ӽߡ

ԶȥƽʱǡǾҲˡ
û뵽Զˣ鲻ѣһᴩ
ò
ǶţҪ赱Ҷ
Ǿ㲻ϲС趼ˣô̫ˣɼҽ̲á
Ǵ󣬰ƿȻֶŮʱԶԼС
˵ǰԺġ
ҲҪ֪Ҷ壬ҾͲסˡ
ĹĵģҲסˡ
ºԶ׵ƣʹɫǾ˵Ϲãǰסȷʵʡ
ǾһҲǣҪٰ켯ˡ
Զ϶˿ʮ꣬иһ˼ֲ׵ġ
û˵ʲôֻǰӴߡ
ˣǾϲ̵˵ȥﱸȥ
Ҳ£ܵҼƽ칫ͨ¡
Ű󣬡Ϲ÷ңһӵ£Ϲ÷һ֮ˡ
ƽ
Ѿͷ˵
˵Ϲ÷򣬵϶鱨棬һ£Ϲ֪
Ϊʲôƽԣæʵѵ㲻ǸԶ
ǣϲ϶ûȥӪףԶӢͬ־ˡ
ƽ
µӵֶŮԶײɹҲû뵽϶
ధ£ƽֻôӦˡ
ܿ죬İͷͶݽ鱨棬ԶӢ϶
ƽͷˡ
뵽ֶŮ޵һѵĿģûİݽ鱨涼ˡ
˸ӽ飬µ顣

ԶʱӰдͿӢסķĸڡ
裬ԭѽ
ҪӢˡ
ӢЦ˵Ҹ飬ֻǶ衣
룬裬ȻѶȢǰְˣ𣿡
Ӣ绹㣿
Ҳ֪
ŤͷʺԶ壬Լ޸裬ȻҰְ𣿡
ԶˣҲ֪
̧ͷ£ɵаְ衣
ֻǲˣ԰軹ǵļ䣬Ǻǲǵˣʱ򣬺ԶĴɩˡ
˫ֵʳָһ㣬ţûϵİְ裬ҲҪϵİְ豧𣿡
˲ӲӾúǺÿڶְˣɰְֺ°ְ֣һְֶûС
˻Ӣĸ첲裬͸ǵɡ
۾ģӲӵԴӲӺùԣԺֶˡ
֪˵ǣӲӱ¡
ǣͲ
ҸӲӰͷȣ˭˭㡣
˲Ӳͬ⣬Ҹߣǽ㡣
ԡ
Ǹ˵磬ԺҪӲһ֪С˾ˣ԰ɡ
ߡŤȥȹ֪ϴ·ݵġ
Ӣ˳ɫ˵Сһըˡ
ûʲôۡ
Цʵ㲻ϲҸ㵱𣿡
ǡƲ֡
ʲôģ˵ҿܲܰ
Ǵ˸Ͳ
ܳд
֪ϸȥ㣬ȥ
Ӣ⣬ʺԶʲô
ԶҲûףҴкӣСʱҪǸˡ
²ڰɣһԼͺˡ
л˵
С


7 
·˷䣬ǺͲӲӸӢסһ䣬Զ͹֪סһ䡣
ɫҲˣԶȥӪ԰ɡ
Ӣͷ¥󣬺д¥ǽأըëĴ⬡
Ӣ˵ȥӪ⣬
һᵽ⣬Сӻ̲סˡ
õģʲôƾƱӦھÿҲͳԼѡ
Ҳ
Ӣ̺ӳԣԶɫһ죬˵ûƱˣҪ¸¡
ӢӶͳ˳ɷƱ˵Уǰġ
ԶһǲܣӦǰսѻƱƱġ
ӢƱǮһ̺⣬һӣǺϺӦֵ࣬Ϻ㡣
һٷƱƱͶùˡ
ʵռﻹһЩʣͺʹ׻ҩƷһʼû£ڿⶼϡȱʡ
Էʱ򺫾Զ鱨ίˣʱ֤
ӢҲ֤û֤֮ǰһжб
֤϶ȫģȥ֤
С
һ̺Ҳʮ飬ӢԶԣһ廨⡣
Զ̧ͷ˵ӳ԰ɡ
Ӣ˵ǲǳǷݡ
ĸСķ׷׿źԶǺǣڴʡ
Զ˭ԶԵƫģѸѡԼԵˡ
ӲŵͷԼġ
ӢԼһĺ⣬ڼ̾ϢҲ̫óˡ
֪ϱӲӳԣֻһ飬ǲˡ
ҽҲǰһˣʧǰ㶼ǰͲӲӳԡ
ڣǴƽųԡ
ýͦõģΪû˲Ⱑ
ͰԼǿˡ
ãǣԡ
ǻסԼ룬磬㲻ҪҸӲõĹϵԼԼԣҲŲҪء
Ҳд
Ӣ佱Ǹý㣬ǶҪ峤ͷԼԼԡ
ǵͦСţǵȻҳñȸߵʱҾͳɽˡ
ΣŮôܱߡ
㲻ĻһҳĸŶ
ʶôˡ
ߺߵİԵˡ
Ȼ࣬Ϻʣ²٣μûãԾİϺϷˡ
ԶϲϣûûͥĸӣӦദõİɡ
Ӣ˵Ͷ£θ϶׵ģεڻΪֶŮĽҡ
ίˣ˵ǰ֪ϣһ¡
Ӣ뵽Ŵĵɫвٸѣ˵ǰûٳԿࡣ
Թ໹ɱֹ㲻ס
Ǿ͵֪װͿɡ

ôɣǾæ꼯£ˣӹӪֳɵĲ˻ȥ
ſӢͺԶĸӳԷвϲǺҪҹ˲Ӳ棬ӢͺԶż档
û֤֮ǰһжбղѾλͬ˵ԶֶŮԺҾء
оһԶӢڸףˡ
̲סܹСհ㶼׶»µŮͬ־ˣٸͬ־ߵ̫ġ
仹ǺͺԶ
Сʲô˼ֶŮ˰ɡ
ĸ˲أȻׯǸӢ꾫ûȣ˫˵һۣûѧ
֪úԶڽǰӢⲻհѺߣ͸Ӣ㵽һˡ
ǾֽѵԶͬ־Ӣʧ˲£ô֪أ
֪ϺͺӶ˼վ
Ӣѹ֪£˵ûǵ¡
Զ˼СʾǲҪ໰
Ȼ˵Σ̫ܵˣǹӪ꣬ң˭Է͸˭Է
û뵽ԶĶˣ֪Ͳܸˡ
Ӫ⣬˻黹أǰǼҪǷڣҲÿ
ӢЦΣҸͬ־⻹ûأɶû𣬾ˣԺĸ˳ԷɷĶܲˣο㡣
ӵһţԶ˵ǰɡ
ԶǸģĸҹ㡣
.Ǿ˸û͹ģŰɡ
Ȱ꼯϶úý̽ϱĹأ
Ǿ˶û򣬻صҺڼҵ˰Сʱļƽʵϳʲô
ǾûԳԳԣ֪ԣҶӢͺԶˡ
ƽ飬ôǣ
ڹӪһԷ̫֪ˣҺǹܵס˵Ը񣬵Ƚ˻飬ҿԶôҸǰס
ƽӺ£ˣ£ҵûӪԼ԰
ʲôһû˵أ϶ú̸̸˵еţܹϱ
ƽУһ˵
ҪˣƽȥڸӰԼˡ

ڶ죬ӢԶȥ˽֤һֽ˺ֽǾܷɱĺϷˡ
Զſݣ΢ȥŽգøүӼĹȥ
֪ӢԸԸ⡣
ϾֻЭޣ˼ûĽա
ӢԶſԥԥֲȥֲߣʵŽ𣿡
Զ۾ЩϣԸ𣿡
ʲôԸģ޹ϵԸУοǽա
Ӣ߽ݣԶæĸӽȥҲգôľôġ
ǡ϶ҲݣǱӢ磬ѾƬˡ
ڵĽصĺܣѡ̾װھͷǰһţˡ
ϵ̾װûӢˬĺܣӢĽʺԶҲܴ𣿡
ԶϴľʽװЦ԰
Ӣĵȥ·
ܴģСӵľװҲУӢĸӶϣһĺա
ŵ黨裬ԶЩŤм仹ȥһˡ
ʦˣǱߵͬ־ȢôƯϱ㵹ǿһ㰡
ӢѾʶ˺Զ˵ĸ첲ʦİ¿š
ӢͺԶһźգȻˡĸһĺգʣµʱ䶼ĸһʮš
˵ʱ򣬺ԶǮϴݳӢ˵ʱүүһݣһݡ
ӢԶܹ֪ͥĸ׻ʵã.Ǳأ
Ǳ߲á
趼ģ˵ĸӹϵ̫ãӢûм׷ˡ
Ҫȥ㶫Զ顣
ӢЭ飬̸»Ͻʵ飬ʲôûҪ
Զⲻȥ
ֻʣ¶ʮѽӢʵ˵ûǮ
Զһ£ӦӢһۣţҪġ
Ӣ򿪴۱һǧһٿ飬ڵĹǱʺܴǮˡ
Ծʵҵģ
ԶЦ԰ôôǮĿǰȫĴˡ
ӢȵôģǰûѸǰ𣿡
Զ֮ͣǰǶЭÿ½һãʣһͶˡ
Ӣ̲סʣһ룬ΪʲôҰʮ
Զ֪ôͣߴߴæ˵ΪҪĸӡ
ӢҲǣԶǸʵˣǸʵеĺˡ
ǮȷʵЩӵļһʲҪãסдҲûطš
Ѵ۱˵պϼ죬Ȼ˷ɡ
ҲС
֮ļ캫ԶסӪӢĸסдԷȥӪꡣ
ʱúܿ죬ǰһ죬˷ĴǣǲμӼļͳһľװĿɺÿˡ
ȵһ죬Զˡ
ϴ˺ӣϻеζ
ӢԽԽۣЭĲ
ԶӢùֲ˼ģ켯кúʰһġ
ͷһԼʵʲô׵ĵط𣿡
л˵
С


8 
ӢæûвףǾǰ컹Ҫ˧ǲָ˵㣬ͣóͷ˰ɡ
Զˣ񴩵ƤЬƤЬиģž͸ôһ㣬ҲĴ
ӢҾ˵ҵĸоģԴ˰ôÿأһÿֲסġ
ԶǰɣҲû̫⣬׵ʱǲų˰ûüȥͷ
Աżҡͷû꣬Ƕˣٵ𣬳ء
ӢȻǶ飬ͷһΣҰɷСƨܵ𣿡
Сλ¶ˣɣŽͱ¶ԣС
ǰĶٻڶǰװװӣһ㶼װ
Ժ϶ദɣ
ǿôˣй֪ϺͲӲӺܺദķϣͲ˵ʲôˡ
񣬲Ӱ˳һԶ˽ӵá
ӢͺԶĸӣӴ˵Сһ˵ֵƽֵһ·˻ͷ
һʮˣֻӢͥʮԶͷ顣
ֻǾ㣬ʱ˽ֵ֣˵˲ˡ
ӢǾ֪϶֤ˣĲ
ôȵ죬֤˼ίľװһֱ۵һš
Ӣۼ⣬ƼƽмʵѪۣһ类ӵġ
ʽ֮ܵӢǰ˵˼䱧ǸĻ
ϹñӪֵǶƬļ¥ʱĵƬˣƬķС㣬ҼҾ߶ȫǱǸͷҸ㻻ɡ
ӢסĵطûʲôҪûҲ֪˰ɣû֣
ǺһЦЦﶼ֪Ҽ޵ǺڲҸ˰˰ٿǸ˻أȰϹñƻҵĻ¡
ϹҲȫΪãףԼɷˡ
˺Զ㺫ʲô׹ϵϹ̲ﰵĺô
Ǿ϶Ҳֻھһˡ
ַļȥԿס
һֱԿ׵ʱӢûǾ㡣
Ǿöˡ
ȻֶŮĻûд󴵴ޣڵλͬ¸ǰֶŮҪ޵ǾΪĺԶ
ڼ϶ԭӢ˺ԶϱǾ֪ʱ򣬲û
ĹԱӢҪҪӣ˵Ҫ㻻أҪȥ𣿡
ӢЦˣǷﰲţҲͦõġ
УллǼ⡣
ļ¥¸ǵģյĻкܶ࣬Ӣҷֵûסˣ߷ǰԺӣԺӺ֣ԼɽȪˮ
ȻСһ㣬ǻȶá
ӢϲСĵ±ǶŶԺӰ
Ĳˡ
ԶǰļҾҲˣżӴһŷʣһľɳһЩӡȡ
Ӣôš
һ߷Ƿ䣬мݣⷿӢһ䶼㹻˯ˣкһ䣬Ůһ䣬ʣһ䣬ȻԶˡ
ӢָŶߵ˵ղɹⶼЩмһ£Ȼݵǽϵţֳ䣬͸ߵ̴´࣬͸ĸס
תͷĸС𣿡
ǺͲӲ˵ǲҪߵ̣ҪһŴһ˯
С
Ӣ꣬ûУҪ󴲻̡
֪Ͽ˿춼ûô˵ĺҲ֪ʲô
ǺӦǲҪ̵ġ
˵㣬Ҫһ׶С²̫㡣
ҲУǵҪһˡ
û⣬ҿдҵæ˵
ãǾҪС
֮ӢеļҾߣĿǰһľ
һ£ͺԶ㶨һĴС˯϶û⣬ݰҲ⣬ٲһ׶СˣڵĴҲȥˣ㿴ء
Զһ£ҪҪݴмҲһ£һ˯һ䣬֪˷־ӣڵϴҲǿԵġ
ھȻд˯˯һŴ
ԶǱҧһڣ
㲻Уûġ
ӢҲ⣬ǾôŰɣȥѴ𣿡
ԶԵҪһȥɣ㿴ҪЩʲôһ
ӢһҲУ飬ĸÿһɡ
뷨˵Ȼ˵ʲôýȥ˽죬ҿɾûôˡ
Ҫ˫Ь𣿡
ѽ
ܹŶҪʮء

ӢȻϲʶǮϲǮΪ֪ͽˣܵʱȻҪʱܡ
屾ҪģҾǮÿһϲĶҶģǾô
ǺãԿѽ
ͷǰĲһ
ˣҲóԿԼҲҪһء

˹磬ӵĶӹư衢ν׶Ҫ򣬿ʳͱϵ꣬¾ûˡ
Ӣ˵ķʽͼͳˡ
ûͺ͵ϣʳĿζۿۣĲ̽һ¿ռĴͲȱĿռﻹʮͰֲͺͶʮͰ͡
СӴģ޵̫񣬵ͺ㣬ǿʡ
ҿռʱǾֹģŶöỵ
ռʣÿԳúԶڵʱ͵͵óá
ƷӢԼ˿ֱ㿴ʱ䣬ĸСﻹûأӢǿ
һ˫İЬûųˡ
ôˣӢʺԶɣһ˫Ьô˵ĸһ
Զ˵ǼҲкӣɩȥҳڲӣǰλЭǰޣȻûӣҲ̸϶ãǳԱůôЬҼǵûǰʱҴӲӻһ˫
Сӳÿ죬ǰЬȥͲٴˡ
Ӣ˶е꣬ŴͷʵҲá
ģԺ󼸸һˮƽҲƫŰ
Զ㣬ҵģҿЩˣ²ù̡ܽ
˵ʵ֮ǰÿδӲ̽׻ܸԹⱧԹǣǰλӲԸֲʱ麢ӣԺӵĽҲǺͷ۵ġ
ӢļС޶ѱʮСкܱȱ޻ѹܡ
ҾûðƤ
ǺͲӲҲѡˣһ·˶ʮǮӢСͦѡģѡʵġ
һ飬˵ûʮǮԼŰɡ
ˣ裬ô󷽡
Ӣ˵һˮƽ绨ʮֻ㻨ʮɡ
С￪ĵ
ãĻǮ
ȥǱӪҵԱ˼Ҹ㻻ɡ
ǣŹ˲Ӳӵ֣ȥڱȽϿеĹ̨һͨ޺˼ҿСʵڿɰ͸ǻǮ
Ӣʹ֪ѡûС
֪һ˫ͨЬֻҪʮ飬ʵ㣬ʮ𣿡
֪ϱ绹ϲͷЩС
Ӣˬʮ
ڵˮǮһţ֣СëһʮС˵Ǳʾ޿ˣ
ǵƷִ˴ʵ㻨Ǯ֪ϺǲӲӣĸˡ
ֻкûõ㻨Ǯ
˸߲ҵֵǣɵˣô㻨Ǯο׼
ԸһֱҪһٶˡ
Ӣұʲôҽ鰡ʱϱһǧҶܡ
ˣҲŲȢϱ
ӢǺǣʮԺҪˡ
ԶһԿͷů
ԴӸɩȥǺܾöûлˡ


9 
궫ҲˣȥʳóԵķһڣվȺĽ㡣
ӢߵǿЩڴڴ򷹵ʱԱ߼Сۡ
ûǸСοõֶŮ
ÿԭҪ޸Ӫģֻί޸϶
Ǳ˵ҿļϣͦ϶ġ
ʲôѽ׿ڸ˵ģίĸʲôƵģ˵Ӣ׶󡣡
ļٵģ
ô˵ġ
㿴ŰɣǸƢ϶ӢСԺԺаԿˡ
ϻصңԶӢ˵мӾ飬ǸǾϵãƫƫŲ˵ģϡ
ӢҲ
ԶͷͷҸϼһ£˵˵ҥ
Ӣ뵽ίϵץۣҡͷ˵˰ɣ˵ҲüίؼҰѵΪˣԼܴá
˵ŻһƬԶվſڿһۣǱ߻ŵƣ߶ͣˡ
ֵͲ˵ߵıѹȡ
ӢϰΪֻлй磬·ԣһȥʮ£ںҹ󲿷¡
ӲУǴеҺú£챧ҡ
ȻܵӢϡ
ӢСһﱧʵҪɡ
ǺٺЦӢ߲˲䣬㣬ԭζ
ںСֹСûģ衣
װûıԹ
ӢҲûм裬иɰֺ͸裬иְų󣬶˵Ǽݳ޵顣
ǽ裬ȺӴˣȻĿڽж
Ƿȥˮÿʮӵʱˢϴ.˯ûɣ
֪ϺǲӲӿٵȥԼ׺衣
ʱǴ˺һһףأС裬ۻԱۣӢϹ
ⱾͲһӵСкŮҪֿãһһף˭ϴ˭ϴ
ֻкҪҪǳʮء
ӢǺһЦ첻ܳķˣҿԸǮԼȥͷųԡ
֪ϺѺҽĺóԵģ㻹ǿϴɡ
ŸɣԱˣҡ
ǿֳ磬㲻С˾˵ĻҪԿģ̫үү˵ҪĻǺúӡ
ըëˣͲҳʳȥ壬ƱǮ
ԶüԸҪǻСʱҪ
ڲ˴ӣ⻹ǴɩŹ£û˰裬ڶﱾ.С
Ǻúø
Զ㶮òļҽأǲǲ̫ã
ӢСͷѹܣСͷһʳƱǮ
Уʳðɣ·ѡģԹŶ
ŲᱧԹ
룬жóԣݵĲûȥܱܲȸ¥Ļó԰ɡ

ûе磬ڵϹֻ˯Ӣ£Զ˵˳ɷ绰д˵ĩ֪ϺͲӲȥסһ죬ͬӡ
֮ǰӢ͹˳ɷЭ̺õģÿܿԼһκӡ
˳ɷ˵ºԶӰǷ޼ĸ顣
Ӣù˳ɷ翼ǵĺܵҪºԶ
Э޵Ļ͵ûزܳá
ԶСﵹϴˮֶһ£ˮһ㡣
Ӣ˵ʵ㲻ͬѽٸ˳ɷ˵
˲ӲСźԶɫСͦȥǸֻƬϼĹ˰ְ֣°ְֲˡ
ְ֣㲻ϲȥ˰ְ֣Ҳȥˣ𣿡
ԶˮˣЦûе£ȥɣͷְȥС˾ˡ
֪˿ʵҲȥ״磬½򲻸ˣһֱûᡣ
ûзԣԽӡֺЩ
ûеλӢС˯˯ݣԶƴһݴպһ
»ľ˸٣ԶڵӪ⣬һҪӡ
ʳ緹˵ͼҾߵĻҽ˺ڲŪǽҾ
Ӣ˿˿εԽϾҪ˯һˡ
ҪǺԶǸ˼ҪҪأ
ܾĻ϶˵ġ
˵ˣôÿˣΪʲôҪܾ
Զˣ˵Ӫضˣˡ
ԶûãżڲӢҸ췿䣬ҲˣС˲ٶڵǶӡ
»Ҳ٣˵ýңҰſʲôҪæġ
Ӣ󷽵ĺܣûڵھʲô⡣
ллл硣
εĲУû˼˵ֻͷɻҪæǲԶҵġ
ǼڲСƺԤĲһӢɩӾȻΣҶϱöæ
ӢǵݣȻһ£ϵһ£иֳһС䷿Ȼݵǽϸıһ䣬һš
϶һ£˵ǽ򵥣ľУе鷳Ҫǽӳȥתᣬȡꡣ
ӢĸȥڿھӣҪҪæ
ôӶᵽˣ
ǱߵķԺӶ١
ʰư裬ЦϹõھӣ˵ˣԺҵҥԽԽ˵Ҷ˵Ҽ϶ǱΣҽͰɣ˵ҪǿţҾҪס㵱ھӣǼ฾۾
ӢЩ޸˲٣ĳ޸϶ĵϲá
ŰҵʸҺãҵĴҴһ󣬶һġ
ʵ϶˯ⴲ𣿡
һ죬ʧŮƤҪһġ
϶Э±˿˯һŴϡ
϶صĺܣ½Ƕġ
ãġ
ӢˣҲһ£ӢӦòİɡ
üѹʵݸãӪǲҪ˯һŴˣ
ӢȻˣȻ㴲˯ء
Ӣֱˬˣʧֱ֮׵
ϱӺԶתҵطϵͳٵǰûٻ飬Ⱳô͸Ӣأ
ԣԺԶ䵭ʱ򣬽ϱӵ˽⣬Ϊˡ
ֱԶȢӢͬҥԲˡ
һ£ѹǸԺںӪķԷûУ
Ӣҡͷôˣô˽
Щ˼ûǸӢ˵һ±ȽϺá
ģӪǰ飬ǰ˺üַʽѺӪ䵭ҥԴ˼ԺȻˣǶ֪ҥԣӪ϶ǡ
ӢЩô˧˾Ȼ䵭ǲƯĻƿֻܿð
Ҳҥԡ
л˵
С


10 
ҳӢĸڼ棬Լȥ˹ˣѾˣа븱ΣҪƱȫҪˡ
һʴ㣬һ軨ʮ
ˮ̯λϻܵġ
ӢʳϿϺʣûһȥԣȻһϺһѿĲˡ
緹ͺܷʢˣԵķӢá
˲׼ؼԺֵסλͬ־ȵȡ
ӢʶλŮͬ־ǳġ
ӢһۣòϵȣǸˣԼǲһء
ŮҲʶԼòȲӢ˲ת˳ɫǴ˼ʺ͹Եġ
ӢȻɫλʲô£˵ҸŻؼ
γıʵеˣ˵ӢɣǺԶǰޣġ
ԶӢЭǰޣμҲñŮ磬͸ŮҶ
ԶţүүԲڴɩĺĺǡ
μҺͺԶ˽´Ӧ˶μҽ׵飬Զӵ֪ͨʱȥˡ
Զ붼û;ܾ
ǶγҵԶЭ飬γĲ磬԰չӡ
Զ֮ͬˡ
ӱ֮ǰγͻȻ飬ԶҲͬ⡣
麫ԶӢ˵Ӵ鱨ʱ򣬺Ǻͺγĵĺѻͬ˷ӣֱӴӼߡ
Ѷʱ˵γķڲˣһʱͿðѺӹߣԶͲٸγķϣһʱʺͿ˴¡
ӢʲôĺԶǲˣͬҪ˽⺫ԶҲԼʰ
γ˻˵ŮˣҾһ£Զ䵭㻹ɡ
һǧ๫Ϊ˸Զ䵭
Ӣź˼£󷽷ļȥ
Զܺðֵ϶ûǰҥǰǳԲ˵𣿡
γϱ죬Ů̫Ҫˣô˼ѷҫ
ҡ̫Ҫˡ
Ӣ˵ʲôңŲҪֱƣָҶɫˡ
ͬǰΣ˳ɷˡ
γĲӢͺԶ˯Զ䣬Э뿿ûԶ½ǣ˰Ⱦߡ
Զͬˣ
Ӣ˸ۣأˣ˵ˣŲŵģ㲻ԼʺԶȥΪʲôԸ㣬ȴԸ˯أ
γҧгݣ治Ҫ
ӢǺЦҪʵģһشˣ˵ҲҪ˭ŲҪԼȥɡ

ôһ󣬵Ӣʱ򣬼ﶼˡ
϶ǽשߣҶɨɾˡ
ѹ˵ʹ˿ɿЩϸڼ˻Ảӡ
Ӣæл磬̫鷳ˡ
Ƿ׵ŮӣӢѹ֪ʲôв˼ںԺǰŮ˵Ŀ
ᵽӢҸڣӢҰæ
æ˻˵ӢһͻԺھأûòٵȵȡ
Ҳֻܴ󷽷˵ſˣȹҸӣˣҰװϡ
õģҪ鷳磬Ҳæ綼ҼҳԷɡ
ЩԶ粻ڼأס·ڶ죬ǰ׶Էܾùֵֹġ
Ƴٵˣڼ˷ղͼҾߵˣ˼СǵҪúˡ
У´ǹԷ
϶Ӣʳ
ԭǰǸ⹫͸ѧҽģΪ׵ҽȥݵĺ˸ѧͽ˼ʦв˹ʹ
ﵶ¯֪࣬˵ʵҲóԡ
ӢΪʳĶ̫ˣշˮƽҲԣյռʳףӦҲѳ԰ɡ
һ׷ѴƬгС飬ʵĴǷǳģƬûд̣ȷŵ͹ըɽĽɫ
ըãСζʹӸڻˡ
裬׼ʲôóԵģſˮ
㼦
Ϊ½ûʺֻ֪˹̴㣬ʵû
㳴ÿܲóԡ
ǽͶը㣬ôͣóҲҪ˵óԡ
ըôӢһ
ܵŹļʼˣ̫˰ɡ
Ӣǰõ׷ȥ˵డ˳ԣһһãѾܽԼˡ
һ£߳ȥˣ治кǰɣ
ĴأһСӼƽϣӺɷŲء
ߣԾͲԡ
𷹺кƱǮʳȥˡ
Ӣֽ˸һ㻨ȻһһըĽĴ㵰Ƶĺܺã롣
֪Щԥ㣬Ĳܺ𣿡
˵õģԼѡʳãͷβ㻹״Ͽ԰ɣϿϺǳԡ
һϻкóԵģǺͲӲͷ
һ보Ե춼ֺͣһ˼ףСĿӡ
̫óˡ
֪϶ãʧսˡ

߳Ե㣬ǱߺһĹĵŶӴ򷹣ǡñɲǾ㿴ˡ
ϾǾס죬æȥСôһʳóԷӢûأ
ͷϣûĵǶţڼԺóԵء
ʲôը㵰ر㣬ûгԹء
ûкԣºڣô˼ڡ

Ǿ㲻֪飬ΪӢǹⲻԣŰСء
̾ڵʦ²ۣ㿴ŵڶͲӷԣΪʲôҲӢܸԶԭʰ
ʦһ˾񳤣ͲͼԺļҳ̣Ȱʲôɣξͱˡ
ˣǾҲֻܸԼҵӣҲùأ˵ģ϶ˣ϶ְλߡʸߣʵѡҲ
˳Ļͣǣ϶һ緹˵˯һᣬʹ֪ˣԺĸܱȵ϶ء
ʵϣԶǸ϶һʳ緹Ųθǰ˵ء
ﰮΣҪŮˣҲѡӪö˧
ǾؼҺ鲻ƽһк⣬ȴϱʲôϲ¡
ǾЦ˵ʳˣĺӣ֪ôǵӢ粻ԣֻȥʳãزӣһҪ¸ߺԶ
ƽأ϶ܺҵġ
˼ҹܺӣ۲ֲ̫ðɡ
ǾˤӣɷӲǱӣ۾۾Ķ˳ۡ
û˵ܰŰСǿ˲װϹܵøС˵һɡ
ƽǲԼϱУҿ϶Զ˵
һֱϣۼϲȥˣƽŰѵϵĺԶй
ί£Զʵ
ƽЦҲǰС״ɩӷҪҸ˵ġ
Ϊ˺Զ϶Ȣϱ£ƽѾ˯˼ˣܲˡ
ԶǸ⣬ί˵
ɩӽ翴һȥʳá
⣿
ԶʧЦͰϺӢ˵ˡ
ƽҲǶӣڵжˣСӣپͺˡ
ҲǸģм£ϱҲҪѺԶ
ǰϵˣڹſڸӢ˵˺һỰȻȥɩӣ˵㣬飬ɩӽ㣬ǰסдȥĻӢ֪ˡ
Զû
Ҹμûϵˡ
ƽźԶҲȥģϾͺΪԶǰ޵ԭ򣬲ű˷ӹߡ
ǰ£ԺǼĶˣ϶ɣôӢ𣿡
ƽ룬ĸŮ˲Դأο»飬ɷǰ޾ʾԶⲻҪ˯ˡ
Զʱ䣬˵±ǱεĲˣȻȥݻٳɰɡ
һأһ죬Ӱ࣬컹һ졣
ƽУôȥָҪ⣬ٻȥ
Զ룬ҹζ࣬ϻȥɡ


11 
ҹе㶯ӢˣǺԶˡ
ͣ磬ֵͲԶԺţⶼҹ˻Ҳǵ˯ǻ°ɡ
û
˵˶ִŵĺܣԶҪƶڣܾ˻᲻𰡣
ȵȣ˻п䵭˵ĵǶġ
Ӣͺܾᡣ
ԶԺŷϣ˵۾ҿȥ˯ɡ
治õ𣿡
ҹ˵еɳƣϴȥ˯õҡ
ӢģǺðɣ䵭Ժһ¡
Զ̵գҺڵϹûӢ
Զ.ʱӢʵ֪ģ΢ĶСĵߣͷһͬԶû
Ӣ΢΢Щϧǧ䵭Эʱ仹ܲܶذɡ
Զĺˡ
ϺԶȻʱӢҲˡ
ô磿Ӣ۾ʵ
ԶŸ첲׼ܿӢ˯ڰǣѪӿæתͷȥ
ţϰˣȥܲ˳緹
緹ˣԼԼͺϡ
۶һӶüӣٶġ
ȢСϱ̫ӡ
ⲻ󣬴˲ǮĽԷǹġ
УݼپͲܲˣҰ緹ɡ
ҲáӢϲи˴֡
ʱӢ캫Զǰ£Ǹ˿ϲ˵ȽϺá
Ȼһ֮ᣬ͵òʧˡ
ڹ˵ʱ򣬿ǰˣǹڹǱߵҡ
ȥǱˣһȲڶҲȵ
˵ЩʲôԶ
ʣǿӢ̫ˣӢҲûᣬŽݼ٣һʱأҵ˵
û뵽ӢԼˡ
˵Щϻ
㻹Ǹ˵˵ɡ
ӢԻ¸Զһ¡
͹۷Ǻ˰ɣ뿴Ȣϱôңɫͱĺѿ
ӢЦҼ仰˵ĿˣҲҪ㡣
ԶѾҹˣǲȥġ
Ӣ̹Ȼ̹Ȼ˿еʧ䣬ΪʲôʧûŪ
ȥҹΣ˵ңҸؾˡ
Ӣ룬ù˳ɷĩӺӣԶҲûԡ
ҪǲȥǰޣԵСˡ
Ӣ̬ȻҪģ󷽵ͼѽûġ

ԶƵģ֪ĵ׵ʧӺζˡ
ί˵˯ʣⴲҲ˯ˣҲ˵ˣί²Ĳһ
˻̹ȻСϱҪǱ˼ҵͦȣ䵽Լͷϣôء
Զ̨ջʵԴ𣿡
ӢѿڶʲôóԴ׵ģǰòȲңȲңҲҺãҪǻԻͷݣϹ
ԶӢ𾪵˼룬漴ͷЦһɨա
緹Ǽ˵лϺϡԵǽһ㡣
ӢţһһţСǹԵģ͹֪Сӣһļûζͳˡ
źϡԲӼſ𡣡
Ӣװ𣬡˶ʮֻʣ¾Ÿˣʵˣ㻹뵱Բɣ
һҲǣǰھгԼҲûôݳ޵ĳԷ
ûԱ
Ӣָָ챳ӵĺ˵ͦóԣԺͿ˳ԣܲ
ԼϴУҪȥʳ򼸸ͷ
ԹˣûúʲôζǮҪȥʳͷ
ˣǳԶ٣
֪˵ٳԶӢСǳԲԣ緹һżܳԵñ
ӢҡͷһҪŶӣԺóԵء
ǺͲӲӱͳԱˣһкóԵģҡͷ˵ˡ
Զкͷ
һܵʳã緹Ҳ٣ʦЦʣôָأ
װͷҡͷ˵ŲǣϳԼûԱ򼸸ͷȥ
㻹뵱ԣ
ҶҲô˵ģǼó԰
ͷؼңӢĿҲˡ
ζûԺӾͲܲˡ
㿾ԣ㿼ǹھӵĸ𣿡
ֻҵĶӣΪʲôҪھӣ
Ӣ˺һǺͲӲӣģһ῾á
óԣǺͲӲͬ˵
е̣ϡãСǲǶ
һ£Ҳ볢ǲӢҪ
Ӣ֣Ҹͷ
𣿡
ӢЦͷм仮˺˼⣬ͷﻹ㳢Ӧû
æҧһڣⱾͷкζͷȻ⻹
ھͳԵһͷ
ӢʣµʣµͷԶ֪ϣʣһ˺
ԶҧһڣȷʵζҪôԷٶҲԵ¡
ʱףӢղ̿㣬ȻΪ˸ͷԵġ
ʵô鷳ģͷѾܺˡ
Ӣ֪ҿǲܣǶˣǵĲ㻹ȥʳ緹ɡ
ͷ¶ǣԼٳǶ϶ˡ
ֹԸÿ춼Ρ
Ӣˣŵϴ룬԰ɣ
ץεķʽź˳
ˣģҡ
Ҫϴ룬ȥʳá
˵ãǰûϴ룬ҪǴҡ
㡣Ӣ˵һ㻨Ǯۡ
˵ǣʵһлõ㻨Ǯ𣿡
ӢֵȻˣгͷнô󷽣Ƕǻ㻨Ǯ
빩£û뵽֪ϵʮ㻨ǮǺͲӲӣÿ˶顣
ĿǰǵǸ˵㻰Ҳˣˣϴȥˡ
ԶվڳſڣۿźϴòɾӢҪȫڷŵ
𾪵İûףǰھУҲѧǰ󡮲Сġҵʮ룬˼ٴҲûãֻ÷񡣡
ӢŵĿźԶǰ£
Զǰȥ궼ʧܡ
ӢС²ˣģһʼ¹أˣԸ񣬳˲ܿϺ󣬾Эˣ㿴Űɣϣ˻
Զô¡
һ٣ѵݼ٣ǻûȥ߰ɣ˳ʱܼٺöأͺǸϺɡ
ӶȥϺ۰Ͱ͵ĿӢ
ӢԣУǸϺȥ
ҪţĹԱι֪ͨң˵ɽϵ֦ˣΪһƬɽͷǲӹϽΧ֯簲ţüɽæժ֦ɽʱһҷ
ֺ£
ӢȻҪȥϺˣкĸȥ
Ǯ˻ҪǵȲһǾԼԡ
ԶеӢɽ󲿶ܡ
ѵ߻ϤɽҰģһ׺ļ˶ƷˣһҪŴ󲿶һ𣬲Ҫܡ
ӢҰðʱҰɱˣ˵Ұײˣܳء
ģҰӦκβ
õģҰһģҰκβҡ
ԶûȥǿɽϻȺɲǿЦģ㲻ܡ
Ⱥе鷳Ӣ벻ôùõĺõģһŴ󲿶Ӻģܡ
л˵
С


12 
ܿļһ룬ΪҶǸհģ˴˻̫Ϥûһա
и⣬Ӣ߹кǸӢǸԶ
ӪҪȥͷɣ
ӢϳǼϵһλˣÿͦÿģûӢ죬ȫĽ㡣
Ӣڣķ羰Ҳᱻǹȥ
ҲӢڼԺ̫ܻӭԭ֮һ
ԶɨһۣϳǹӪİˣ˵仰
ھӣԶ˵ͷ
ʢЦųȥͷʱܰҴҽҲɽûʱء
ӢͷԶЦЦǡ
ԶεĲУ죬»ϱֲ졣
ٿӢżһϷӣúǱ˼ҵˣǸֲ´ľˡ
ʢûкɫɤӣûʱԳʳãϱڳǷ޲𣿡
Ӣ̲סЦ⻰ɲ̵ġ
ͦõģԺԶˡ
ʢΣĲУܿұļȥˡ
ӢʺԶʶ
ԶͣϣԱңͳ˵仰졣
϶ˡ
Զã֣Ӣ⡣
ԶûУǺ;ó
ҪԶôˣֲµصʮȫ¡
Ӣ̾һ£͹Ӫ֮䣬ѡ˹԰ɡ
ǡʢѡԶҲܾġ
ȥᣬȥӢģ֮˰죬ǳòεֶŮ˵塣
ӣ⡣
Զ˿ӢûﷴЩʧ䣬Դʲôģﲻڡ
ʵǺңҪѡôѡ
˲ѡӢҶҪ
ԶԴĸȥϺߵʱ൱ˡ

ӢڼԺûʲôѣʶļֻǾ
һѡɽǾ㱾ȥģӢҲڶͲȥˡ
ȰҲȥϣȥ˻ΪӢء
ǾȰˣֻܶɽʱӢ˵
Ϊʲô
Ųأ˵ھʲô
Ǿɸ֣ڼԺȫҵİԣ㵱ȻҪԶŵ㣬ӣ˵㻹źԶ
ЦǺԶʢɣղŻúԶ㣬ӢҲ⡣
ڿɽˣļļֵĻͦġ
Ǳ߶ס˼ھӣ඼ϤʮӢʢǣһ
ɽ·խļһӢиʮļ
ǿŰɣӢһɽ϶Ҫ
м⣬Ϊʲô
ǣΪ£Ӫνܸģ϶ǸӢ׵Ķ󣬽ӪӢغˣʲᵽԶҸڣҪӢģѽǿӢ߹ȥˣ·ϾҪ
ǻȥȰһ¡󲿷ּǺܲġ
ȰʲôȰҪӢҵˣñȰ𣿡
ԭȰܵɩԥǰ
Ů˵ǻǰԼ˿ãӹȥˡ
ﲻˬŮˣߵӢߣڿֲ´Ůע£סӢĸ첲
ǵ˵Ӣôû׷㡣
Ӣͷ۸ղ˵Ůˣͷʵղ˵лŮʶ𣿡
ûͷ˾ļֻǼҵıķѣɽŹҵĺҲΣգ治֪ôģô׵ıķ
ҪŲǱķأҪǰۣȰסˡ
ߵСкͷ˵ţԺҪ˵˵Ļˣ𣿡
첱Ӵ֣Լӡ
ڵ˻ͦҪģ治˼ǿŰɣ˽϶ĸۼƵġ

ժ֦ʱӢ˵Ů˽£ոӪӵС̡
šҲӣӣڼԺͷһݡ
Ҳֻ֪ոӪҺżҵĹϵá
Ǹϵõúܡ
ΪµԣӢ͹עºɽС
˵СˣӪ.ӸͷϿꡣ
˵ְֵĽͣһӣڸСԲôӪ.أ
Скиǣܹȥܲܳԡ
Ӣڹǣˣ˭û²ڵǶСɡ
Σץ̵ʱҲùͶʳһС
ѵСѣϼ񵽵ĶҪŶӡ
ûϼֲ͵ģƾɶܳԡ
СԶԼܵٵĵط͵͵ڴװ֦
ӢһͷСǰʮף˵ڶǹǵţʱСѾмʮԶˡ
ǰܳһֻССİӣСӿѩ׵̣ɰҪӢ̲סߣӡ
СҲ⣬ǹҪ׷СӾܡ
Ӣüץ̵ֶβࡣ
Сһ㾯ԶûУȻ̫ˣ˺Ӷûоԡ
ҪǱôƭĻҲôࡣ
̣ȥǿÿ˻ģӢҲ⡣
æ׷ȥ

ܿ¾ͷնGӲˣżĴ󺰣ӡӣ˭ˣ
м˵ȥˣҲ˵Ӣ׷˹ȥӦòҪ𼱣ӢӴ
ͿӢĿûˣӢ϶ûģҪҼӡ
⻰ô˵ģĪ
ȥƾʲôô˵
ڱ˵϶ǺˣҲܣҼҪǲƵƤҪ⡣
֯ժ֦ŮĻݾ궼ȥˡ
ǳûݵ鲻Ҫ˵Ժʵľ˼˭ӹȥ˸ϽҺӰɡ
ֹһ䣬ûʵľ˰ɡ
²ǼҺӵĴ󲿶ӡ
ܿҶɽҰĺСӵĲҽУӵĲҽиȻֹ
϶ɫСҰˡ
ޥ꣬ժ֦֯ģҪǳӲ
綼˵˲ܴɽƫޥɫࡣ
ŵڵϰüȥȣ˲ˣӿ϶Ұˣô轻أ
ޥһҪȥ
æסڶߣǱǻȥòҰɡ
һʼܵģôڶأ¸Ӷ϶Ӣ뺦ӡ
ִɽģɱұġ
ǵģǽǰôһܵˣըһ
¿ҶȰסҹȥҺӣ
ʧķ˰ɣӢˣ㳯ҼҺʲô
ɲǳصģ˻ȥǵͲҵĺˣҪȥҰ
²ȥҲ£ǻòҰɡ
ڳĶǾ˼뵽һȥ˵ĿԼˣҲףԹ޵Ķ¡
Ҫɽֲã۴ң۲ӵľˡ
˵ģ˭أҲûš
ޥ꼱ĶţһӺӺӢ͸Σա
ɽŲ죬ȥ֪ͨίɽ˰ɣҪӢ˻ˣýҲ


13 
ԶĸںһСʱȥͷϺ
ҪܣǸܿϺ̫óˡ
ܵʹϺʻһ˵ζ
̫ˣûԹ
Զܣ⣬˵򣬶ȶӣԺпڸˡ
֪Ϲ󼸲ѹʺǲǶ
˷˺Žġ
ΪͥŽһ㣬ˣüˣɶǡ
ûС
ƺԸᣬܼ
СӼìĪ
Զ̤׷࣬ûòС˾ûκ£ΪʲôҪ
ըëˣ£˵һӵĺֵܣȴҪС˾ˣһ󼸸أôܵˡ
һѱƷйһˡ
СԭǱ֣ӵܴ졣
֪׷ȥԶԼ侲侲

쵽ſڵʱ򣬺ĽŲûͣ£ԶҲţܣԼʳȥɡ
ٳ˶ʳֻһתͷվ˼ſڡ
ôɽԶҲȥʦӪӢΪ˾ȸСȥˣȥɡ
ԶĲӵڵϣֶ
ǻдһ㣬ָĸСȵĹ֪ϣĸ˭׼ɽȥҡ
򣬺Զüоٶҹȥ
ѭѪζҵӢʱ򣬿ܴŵһĲԭλ
ȥˣ֪ϲأԶ̶鿴һһСơ

ӢҵӵʱѾҰײιȥܽҰʣȻ޸Сࡣ
Ĺ࣬ӢЩվͱСڵϻָҰڲԶĴ¡
ûָԶ˹
źԶĵǺѯʣӢɲ˵Լһġ
˽Ů˻ûô
룬ָͷҰ˵ײϣˡ
Զ˿µҰƤ˼¡

ӢҰ¾նGӣϹ£ҪӢӣҿôոӪ
СɽȥҽԺ顣
ͷҰٶӵ̧ܱ˻ȥ
Ӣ⣬ʺԶҰҷֵģǼֵܷ𣿡
ԶʵŵĲᣬӢͺȷʵһ̤ķΧ̫Σˡ
Щأ´ܲǵطǽǰϰնӡ
ӢǿϵĸʾƲŽȥģѾСˡ
ʱûҪ
Ҿ˸ӣͷٶҰ㻹ң
סڵĽѧģİǸЦıÿ˵ʱ򣬽һ˾ûˡ
ھ飬˵غʹ
ӢȻûҹ£ѧѽ
ȻԶƤ˼£ԭ򦻺̾ôǵء
Ӣ룬ȫԺҪĵľˡ
ԶӢ׵ɫû͹ʵ𣿡
ӢҡͷЪЪߡղ̫Ѿݽˣûôָ
Զɣұ㡣
˻ӢſʵĺϣĦллˡ
ĦúԶ̲סɲվ
ӢЩˣ̫ˣ̫ˣ
ԶһѱϵСϱУ˵ǣҵһαϱҪϰһ¡

Һ󣬼ӶΧ𣿡
֪ΪӢˣѣ㣬Ķˣ
ӢС˵û£ܵ˾ţ߲·
ĿڣǶˣЪŰɣҸ֪ȥʳ򷹻
ӢʵǿģҪǳܣԺ⼸С;ܣ´ο϶
ԶϺٳ԰ɡ
ǮƱ
Сûãڲ֪ͨȥʳҰ⡣
Ժһٶ໧ٶȥˮһܷһʣµҲҪʳÿ磬Ҷȿ
ӢߴٺԶȥѽȥҪ첻⣬ҾͰˡ
Զɫ̣תߡ
ѾˣһϺõ廨⣬֣Ӣóԡ
֦Ӣҵ֦
ӢƽƽˮһŽ֭ˮû뵽ˮһһóԡ
ӢϲͰԼ֦һ룬϶ģһ˳Բô࣬ҿ°ɡ
ӢһܣԶܣһȥ
ʵҼСأ
Ӣ˵ˣǲȥʳȥˡ
겻ѣϱӺԶһֱԸźͺǣûаС־˷ӣһʱƻ˷ŻҲŰһ
һ֮ԸĲУԶյͱСͷˡ
ⱲӼӢţӦòϱˡ

ûһԶ˶Ϻõ⡣
ӢļĶһ⣬ԶʵǼôһ
Զ㷢ֵҰʳôʦ˵ӦöԵ㡣
Ӣ⻹ࡣ
ҰôײײܰҰʽ飬ҲԵġ
Զһ䣬ʦϧ˵ǸǺöϧĸһ
˵ݸӢ
Ӣɫ䣬˵԰ɡ


14 
Զ˿Ӣɫ糣ģǾ⡣
ԵļӴʳôķˣ緹ӢԶ˵ɽϵͦεģҾɽϳ˼Ӧûˡ
ԶһƬɽͷڲӵĹϽΧ˼ͨһ㲻ȥǱߵɽϡ
ʵô˵
Ӣ˵նGǱǹģһһֻССİӣСԶȺȻֿܵ죬С׷Ҷûϡ
͸о˹ҪСߣҪ˵˷ӣðôգʶ˹ǹƭСԷô֪½Сɽ
˶մҵСҪ޶£ˡ
մûԶ׼ȥί˵һ
ӢȲҪżȲҪᡣ
ΪʲôһҪӲھˡ
ӢӦòôأµ̬ȿһ㶼ûаǹС裬ǹСǸҲʶġ
Զ룬նGӼǹֹӢմһ˸ġ
ӢĽ飬ûȥίӦ
ûʲôԶһ˻·õԺŵ׼ϴˡ
Ӣͷʣʲô
ԶնأΪӢϴ·˵ϴ·һֿϴġ
ӢѺ͹֪ϽгָӵԼ·ϴٸϰΡ
ˣǰĶûϴ·
бķǰʲôϵ
ϴ·ʵ㲻ķ𣿡
ӢǺһЦרķٶʮһ£ⶼʮˣҪʳȥĻʳ˸ϴ·
Ļʳѣɱʳõı׼߶ˣһԵֱܵĻʳѡ
Եıȸ¥ãϴϴɡ
֪ϵϴ·۸˵ҽ㶷ǲӮġ
ţţӮһء

ʢŵʱ򣬿ľӢһСϴѡ
ĲУӪôϴء
Լϴ·кҲϴԵ·
·ڼãҪõӱƯϴԶŵʢ롣
Ͱ꣬ûС
˺ˡ͹֪ϸźԶˡ
Ӣϳվʲô£
ʢһҰ⣬ЦҲ⣬һ㻻֦ô
Ӣʢѡ֪Զݻ٣żԶġ
ϧԶ۷綼
ĻᶼûУȤĺܡ
Ҳ֦
ʢٷְΪܳɵ飬Ӣܾˣͦġ
ĸأ㲻ǶԵ⣿
ӢʵɷѵǿôѸ⻻Լ죬Ҳûమɷ򡣡
ʢ룺
УؼҸԹӢ
ӪǱǸ槼סˣ˾ȻŮϴ·
ԣʲô槼
ʢӢ˽¶˵˫һ۹ˣָǺ꾫ת
ȰǼ̫á
ʢ룺ֲ˵ġ
ʮ˲Ȣϱ֪Ҽұʵģ϶Ϲ塣
ȻԶϱǼƯģȢϱҲĹŻ»ϲĲС
ʢͷ뵽Ӣͷںļֱˡ
ûѡԶ̽ʹԶ˼ѺӴߣʢȴ
ҺԶûĽ֮⡣
óѡ˹
˵ӪҪȢΪӢĺÿԶӢ.ˣŻ׶ء
ҲĻش𣬡ܵģԺǼļˡ
Ϊʲôܣ
ʢҪŪԭʹ˻˷Ҫ˵
Ǹԭ򡣡
ʢһƿˣ֮䱾ûܣң
Ҳʲôܵ£ϱˣֻܽ͵ٺÿŮˣںӪ׶ģģǳûʲô𡣡
ĻǺģ
촴ɵġ
ǰӪһԲܵشһŮʵǰ
Ȼһ£ŮƬˣԶõʬһü죬֮ټǲסκŮ˵ҽ˵ʲô˺֢ѽȢٺÿϱǰ״
ǧ˵ȥȻҪġ
Ҳðء
ʢԼԭԶŮǳ󰡣ΪȲӢò

죬ѵ϶ҵԶ䲻ײ˸
Զվʵܣȥ䳡һ
ȫϣûӮԶ
ŲԶһأǺ棬ڼһϴ·
ԺԶ˽⣬ԶǰҪжӢʮ֮һǰӦò顣
ȻҲжŮһ죬Ŀ֮£ȥӱϴ·˰Ժ
ԶûһүǣҼҵļʲô
˵Ҳ̧Ⱦߡ
ںԶ󣬽ʢȥ⻻֦¡
ϱǺ⣬ĸأǳȱˮʱ򣬲ȥһ֦ҲΪҺܶԿ⣬ϱˣôء
Զת¿۹ûϱ֮ⲻ֦
ûŮԸͷ
ԶٲϱôܺӣôܣԼһܡ


15 
ϻؼҵʱ򣬺ԶһҴСΧݣͷһƬʵ֤ĵƬϴˣ
ȥʵʱûϴء
ţǴġ
øԶԿ䣬һҵֵһһÿھȥдţ׼һЩϵزȻƬһĸүү˼ҿȫҵĺգӦûῪĵġ
ʮƬ󲿷ֶǺǵģӢĺֻһš
յʱӢ첲ĺܽԶǵõʱĶǻˡ
ǳ¹֮κŮˣһתͷǵǿӢᡣ
ӵһڹϸǮĳƱͼס΢Ц
һ۾ԺﶼģҲŮѪģ
ä֢Ȼˡ
Ӣ֮ͬҲûǸجΡ
Ҫһֱȥͺˡ
ڶһ磬Զ˵Ҫ񣬴ŰһȥġʲôûᣬӢĬĺܣҲȥʡ

Զߵ£Ӣڽ̹֪Ϻͺ
ڳշ棬ֱȹ֪ϸ߶ˡ
ҵԽУ֪ϣҺãѧĿûҿ졣
֪ϵţǺģ˵ңѹˣ˵㣬ȥɱ
׵Ĵ󹫼һ£ǿҲɱ
ӢһԿĺЦˣĲ˰ɡ

Ѳ֪ϴӼֻ󹫼ᵽ˲ʳãʦæɱˡ
ٹ¼ӶҪѧӢҲҷݹܵҪҹЩطȥأ
˵Ĺһ㶼Ϲøŵģ˵Ϲòϲ̫ƯŮˣе⣬ܲ㰲Ź
Ӣʵ⻰ô˵ѵϹʱԹƯŮ˵ĿԿҺÿǨŭˣ
ͷ˵ϹøйأϹ÷ͣʱ򳤵ÿɲȺԶ
ӢͬóϹ÷Ǹˡ
˵Ϲ÷û÷֮ʲô䲻ϵ˵ϹϲϹ룬ϹأҲ㣬رܸɣϹ÷ڲӵЩ꣬Ϲϼչ˹ŵãżûвģϹ÷Ҳܰ
ϹûпʱģҽԺиСʿϹɫƽƽ䲻Ϲ÷ŪһʬȻȡ֮Ȼǰ֣ϹܾѲ˫̥ʱһʬˡ
Ӣ˫̥Ϲüڲֻһ𣿡
ɫǸСʿ͸֮࣬˫̥ͶһϹһֱΪǸСʿ͵ģԷϣûˣô궼ûҵϹⱲӣ˳øСʿһ欵Ůˡ
ӢǾ欵Ļˮ
ӢһͦͬģϹҪǼңҿ϶ỹġ
ǿʱֿɺޣ㹤Ұ취ȥΣϻ֯ɽժ֦ΣһӣӦû㰲ŸȽֵϹû֡
Ӣл壬һϹ֪ңҪ˰ɡ
ν£ֲٿ⡣

ȥΣ˵ӢҸλʱС
Ļݾɷǻظ˳ɷɷģһʼĻݾ˵Ӣ
ɷ°ʱɷһ䣬˵ӼԺǱߣ˳ɷǰҵ˵Ҹ
ڸշ¹İѰ˼һ£˵԰Сһ¸ʮĸѣԶĽҲͣĸӴ´࣬СΪʲôҪ
ĻݾһʼΪӢٻмͥìܣ֤˵ӢԶ޹ϵܺãԶȫϽġ
Ļݾ˵ҾǮǮûϵСվиһλȥԼиɾ̫Ҫˣ߼·˵Բԣ
˳ɷֻǰޣڵͬ־ͺӣӢ֪᲻ͷ˳ɷһ
Ƕԣ˵ҪҪС˵һ
Ļݾ˵⹤λѾˣСǰݵĺв˹ùӪҪƸСȥԡ
ھв˹̫ˣʵС˵ӢǰǸ⹫͸׺ѧҽģôȥ˵أ
ĻݾҲ̫˵ӢְҽˣӰСձҵ䣬һ֮ҽˡ
м˳ɷ綼֪Ӣʧˡ
Ļݾ˵ǸʲôֻܵӢָ֪ˡ
̾ǾôŰɡ
ӢȥĻݾ꣬ѯʹ顣
Ӵˣ˵Ӫ껹иĸλʱֻʱһʮǮĹʣӢԸԸ⡣
ӢԸ⣬Ļݾ˵ȺԶ󣬸һٸظ

Զ绰˵Ҫĵ죬ֳ˼С¡
γϵһֱԶ͸Һ˴ţѺƭԺͷȥˡ
ӢϢȥ磬γںƭҪøؾ
Ӣȥƿγģֱ˦һƣγĴһ򣬵˺ü
γĲţᱻԶӴһơ
γˣָӢ֪֪Ҵ˭ԶųԹɣ
Ӣʲôɫء
Ҳմ󡣡
ӢҺԶҶûôΪǸˣжǺӲУһƭСʵڸôǺ໤֮һҷûҺӣͲһƵˡ
γķ˵Χۺ˽Уҧˡ
ӢҺСӴԼǱղǰƸŵѾﵽſڣ׼ܡ
Ӣǳվס
һοӢˣĻǰǿ϶ҲҴ
ȷʵˣתܣһ̴ûˡ
һ·׷һôɣ£ѾˣһĻͦߡ
Ӣվ£ͷ
Ͳˣ󣬡бҾͷ㡣
ɣ׶඼ǹģԺļֻС
Ǿġ
ӢǺЦһβͲѱʦˡ
°̵Ժָսĺ˵ţȥˣʵʵһ١
ӢıЦˡ

Զ񣬱ϲܵҡ
һѾƮһ̶Ȳã͵˼Ժ
ŵԺſڣ𼱻ǵܹϽȥ
ԶæʵҼʲô𣿡
ǲ˼˵ϹòҪٲͺԶǰ޵κ£ƫְγĸ
Ȼݣֲò˵ǰϹˣϹøȻ֪ôľӢ˾˶ϽţȰ
صҪ
ԶͷˤһЦġ
Զȭͷӿ˽Ųֻܷɿĸȥ
Ǿ㻹Ȱð𣬴СԶ͸һкԶϿŪ
ȻҴģ治ҵ¡
Զ̧ͷ˿ӢУ뺫һ׶ߣˣΣյĺܡ
ֵջǾ㣬ΣҼг𣿡
Ǿһ㶣Զ⻰ʲô˼ǰ˵ҪŸҴˣ
ԶԥȷʵˣԺôຢӣͲ÷Ųɵ˽֪γıģã˳⣬㣬ίǣԼҵ˺ӣԺٹܱ˼ҵ¡
ǾĿڱܣӪʲô˼
ʲô˼𣿡
Զ˵һίӳҪΣͰɡ
Ǿ㻹粵䣬ˡ
Զϵ˻ڽϾͷֱ
Լأȥ

Ӣ̫˽ΣյϢˡ
Զˡ
Ӣ̧ͷûĸϷ걧Թˣˡ
Ҳòȥɡ
Ҳˡ
ǲģѹ¡
ӢһۣԼͬͬľѡԼȥ
Ӣϻźȥ
׶ߵʱһԶסˡ
壬ϻôĬһ¾ͽסˡ
Զޱ飬ؼ˵

˼ң˲ӲܳأΡΡĽְ֣
ԶĻ𻯳ǣԴ˾˳ȥ
ʣء
Զأ
һı飬֪ˣҪѵ磬ҿ԰ɣߺˡ
֪ϸϽСǣߣһͷĳȥˡ
ԶԺŹϣص£ǰһһС̾
˵˵ɣô£
Ӣʺƭֲҡ
Զû˵תͷʺ˵˵ΪʲôҪȥǰ㲻˵ҾؾУ͸ź;˾˸
ţ壬㲻᲻֪˾ʲô˰ɣ
֪ҲðˣΪ棬ٰվûи˵ǰôôգϵƭô㣿
һӾͿˡ
ˣ˵ΰ˵ǱаְҵţҲȥģȻ˵ְҸ˶Ҹؾͻңֻǣְ̫ˡ
ұҲûӦ˵ҪؼҸһ£Ȼˡ
ԭô£ӢɵʱΪʲô˵
ΰһƣˣе㺦¡
Ƿ򡣡
Ӣ룬ְҪҲύ̫үүܣǰ㶼ʮˣ벻𣿡

Զ˵ˣ˵ʲôţҸְСʱҲûô
ĸˣȻҲôġ
Ӣ˿ԶǡҲڿжɻ
ӢӦǼٵģԶô绰μ˵£˹һܣȻ´䵽ͲһƵˡ
Զãһμҹͨ
ʺأ
Ϊ֤Լû˵ѣѲڿڴż˳ûüء
Զɨһۣſϣˡ
αģһֱα˵ıʼҿˣûҪٿ
Ӣһ£ƽʱԺ˷˵ģǷݣԶˡ
ѾſˣҧŴԼ޳
ôȷǼٵأ
ҭְˣ뿴ǼٵģҲ뿴

ӢͻȻˣְֻˣ֪ǼٵģҲ뿴߹ȥ
ŵĺˣŶ棬㻹Ҵң
Ӣ˱꣬˵ҪɣҺ㵱һְòã
촽һ񣬾ǿ˵ҲҪְ־ǰְ֣Ƕ壬ôһء
ҲûĻŸһůѹϲö
Ӣͷɼѣаɣ治ôˣԺҪ˽ȥ𣿡
Ǹӵġ
ͷ˵֪ˣԺȥԭ𣿡
ӢҿԣĻԼʰɡ
ΪԼˣûһٹӾͲˣȻԭˡ
Զϴ壬Ҳȥΰ̣Ҳˣ㲻˺𣿡
Զ̾ôһ꣬ǧҪ̽ĵߣҪ˵߾ߵģʱֻܰͻź;˾˼ҡ
һ£ţٻ鰡
ӢԱأԶûпӢǼᶨĸ˵ʲôҲȢˡ

Ӣ벻ڣֲԭԵ⣬ΪС粨ߵġ
ǺԶڽ̺ӣܵˣĬ˵˵
Ȼŵˣϵĺܿ졣
û˰ɣȥˣʲô
㣬㿴ɡ
꺢ӣӢѹԶһ£иҪ˵һ¡
Զ￩һ£ȷʵǺ̫ƤˣӢҪץ
˵Ժ󶼲ܺĽ˰ɣ
Զ˵ӹܽ飬̵ıҺãǾͲ˵˰ɣҾҲûʲô´Ҫעⰲȫ
Ӣ
ʵǡ
ԶڲĻ⣬˵ȻӪҼί㱨һ̸

Զί㱨˹˵˶γͨǾ㣬ڷӵ¡
ƽθʹѾӴӷ
˵СҹϱͶԵĺܣȥʹθϱŵģزԶĹӪİʱһʮ飬С˵Ҫپ
ƽζǵطؽĺܣصĺܶ๤ԱͳԷȥ
Զȷʵ˼룬ԭӢϵĺҪ˵ȥ¡
ظĹӪꡭ
ԶӼƽǳûؼңȥһӪʳҴ°ӡ
żɽ˵а𣿡
Ƿ罨ģΪ˸ǶڳλҲҪһ
ƼոӪϱС¡
Զӵļմûұķʣ
ҲͷۣʵҲ̫ˣҾ˵ģӵļ˾Ĺûʵأǲ֮ì
Զͬϱ֮ǰݺ˼꣬ңҾΪѵĻȥԸԸϰࡣ
ЦĲУѾǸ˵ˣӢƿΣԼ˷ʱ
ʵ˵ϱԼҵǷݹôʹιӣ
ԶЩȣҲǣǷݹص̫ˣ°൥˾ҪСʱη꣬·϶Σա
ûİһۣϢ˼ǰָϱȥǰɣ
ԶͥףӢǰȷʵǸǱڵľְ
ЦãȥϱԸԸʳðĹʮ顣
ԶУһȥʡ
л˵
¾Ҫvлһ·ֵ֧Сʹǣ׶ͦҪģϣСʹ֧׶vǰС


16 
Զʳû, İ緹ãĲһл, ൱
Ϊ޴һֱھΣʱ棬׷˵ϣԺ壬һˡ
Űµʱ, Զǲжóԡ
ǺҪͿ϶ġ
̫үүҪ֪ˣܺһ롣
æ˵㲻˵, Ȼؼҵʱ, Ҫ̫үүľϲ
Զÿ˶ˣȻ, ȻȲӢķ, Ӣɿ޺͹֪ϣ꼤շ, СҲԵĽζ, û;˾ա
ƽõ֮ס

Ӣ׼ѹԶ˵һ, иҪ˵¡
ԶЦôɣҲиҪ˵
Ӣ˵
°иԺз깤飬, ԸԸȥʳϰ, ʱֻʱ, һʮ, ǼҲȱݹʣȻ˼
βǰ𣿡
λʲ࣬ӢȽʳãҽ˼ʹϵ򵥡
ʵҰʰɣ
Զ²ҪȥˣǷìܣӾ˸취쿼һ£ҪԸ⣬ȥԡ
û˼Ӣ;ˣУȥԡ
ԶЦУˣղҪʲô£
ӢԼҲ˷ʱӪİҪӦƸʳõİ﹤ӪǱҾ͸ˡ
ԶܺãУԼа٣ȥɡ
СӶģӢ˵ҲȥҪ˯ϰ˾ûôˣȥɡ
Զûؼңһ˳ȥ
ǾͲȥˣʵҲûʲôùģҴȥͷ㣬һͻ
ҲС
֪ϼһֱû£żˣԶ˵Ҹ˵ҸӲȥһ죬㿴𣿡
ԶͷһӢǰҪ˰
ҪȥʳӦƸȥſڣ𣿡
֪ϵͷȻˡ
Ӣ˿ˣξС

ڶһ磬ԶͺȥԺſڣӢȥʳá
ӹĸλһӢһ£ûӢλµġ
¶Ӣܴ
ģӹҪ棬ָС
ӢûӲ磬ǸʦҪôȣ
˿ԶСϱϸ첲ϸȣȲ¡
͸򵥵㣬ʤһͬ־ͬ־ڰΪʤ
¿ЦˣԺ˭֪˻󰡣Ȱⴶ°ʦǹġ
ӢһսûУ˭ٽﰡ
ձСԭǿٽҲ˵ġ
һʮһ̧ˡ
ʦӢСܳԿӢһأͼӢһؿڼϾˡ

ŷ綼ܴͬ־ܿ°Ͷˡ
Ӣ¶ˣӢÿµ˫һȻӢʤˡ
ζͬ־ôܸɺӪ֪𣿡
Ӣǫֻ㣬̸ʦǵڶʲô

ЦˣԺ˭֪ãǿˮƻϵ񻨵ġ
ӢĵûãһӮ
Ѿ߰˸ƬˣӢµĵҲͨͨɣֻҪŶء
ʦǿ޵ͬ־һֵûʮ
⣬ǣʮ޵عѿʼٳһӵļ󼸸ֶӣˡ
ҪóԣŮҲӡ
ӢҲֿʼͬʱһеƬӢе˿һرӢӮ
ӢҪӮ˵ڶأ¾ͳˡ
ˣƱʦ˵ƬӢ˿Ӯһشƽ֡
ӢЦУǾƽ֣رʲô
²д󣬿Ӣڷ˼в˹ȷʵ죬ʱȫвϣ϶С
µһһ˰ɣԷսʿί˭Ĳȴ꣬˭Ӯ
ӢҲӦˡ

һʵĺ㣬ʦ˵һһ룬ɡ
һʮֳ룬ŵĺܣŮӣϲ㣬㡣
ӢȰⲻǼʳϵھˣһȣôôأ
ʳÿһλ粻ףӢֻǲ˷ôõʳģΪ¡
ʦҲǰĻôҴأ룿
һҲǣǾжκհɣҲóԡ
ʦӢ׼ôӢʳûˡ
ʦ˵ûУܲࡣ
߲ܲҲҳԵĹˡ
ӢܲҲУܲƬɡ
ܲˣζӦò˶١
Ӣٷϻץһص㣬ʮ㶨õˮͷϴһ£סͷµһȥƬһ˿мǸƬ
ɿķ룬ܿƬõһ衢õһ衣
һСʱȫˡ
ûʲôñȵģʮҲӢٶȡ
°ѾĿɿڴ೤ĳʵȹӪĴƬֻзڵʱʦԸһΡ
ΪɶΪƬʵ̫ѴֲСǴ˵Ļʳء
ɫúѿ㣬㵶ôôã·УڷҲ͵˼ѧͽѡ
Ӣֵˡ
һĺ飬һӢܲ㣬ͬʱŵ˴ڣһˣֻѡһʣܲ㡣
һӢӮˡ
һӪʳõͷ׷ԣΪɶΪһɡ
ʦҪͷսʿǺߣʳƽһƽʱҲûǺ԰
սʿЦţƽʱϼ˵ĳҲûôðǲһϻܲ𣿡
ǵĴȥ˭йƬƬ
ҪӢ㵶һٻԲء

Զ֪Ϻ͹˲ӲӣźȥʳóԷ
һݺ顢һһ̰ײ
һ飬죬˵Ƕôôѳԣ
Զһӣȷʵһ㣬ѵӢʳϰ࣬ʧˮ׼
ҲҾûа϶ȲϼС
ʦܹ£ǺһЦ͵ܲƬģŵʱˡ
ĿѹҾ˵㲻ǶˮƽóԣҲˡ
Զ鶼Ƹˣ˷ѣʳ
ղ˵ԣôԣ
ԶСӳ壬Ե㡣
ǱԵĽأ
ϱȫʤ
Զŵ˰ĵĺʳϰ𣿡
̸ˣҽȵһţǶѧ֮ϰࡣ

ȷʳϰ࣬ӢһЩȥμ˵ʳ˹л֮ǰİš
εҲûڹλȱӢȥڸˡ
صңԺͷҲͣͺľͷгһ
Ӣֹ㹻˰˵¡
Ѹͷӵ֪ϾǸͽ
ô˵
ŴӦ岻ҪǶڿǶɩ˵ġ
˵˵׽û׸ãҶԹ֪ϺͲӲãҺһİɣأһμ׸磬ϾͰ׵Ժ˵ϲˣҪ׸Ǳ˯Ҷ徹ȻӦˡ
Ӣ룬ôС°
ʵǲĽ֪ϣĽиѧҸ磿
£Ʊ磬Ųǡ
ӢʵûҪĽΪ˲ź;˾ǵĸȨΪ̫ˣиôõĶ壬ΪʲôҪĽ֪أ
һʱ硣
һҵӡһ㶼á
ȥʱϾҪĸ
żֵܣ汻ߣ϶ûкӹ
ЩǣҶ岻ỹЭɣ
ӢնûС
ǡúԶˣӢ塣
Ųأ˶Ҳʵߣúù۲ġ
ʺԶ壬үүյǼĵƬ𣿡
ԶͷոүӴ˵绰үӻڵ绰ʱһٴӢͺǻؼҡ
ͦΪѵģӢֻЭ飬֪ӢԸԸرء
յˣǸĵĽգүүĲһ룬Ա˵ķ˲١
ӢԶүүĸ񣬱ʵǹʱҪؼ𣿡
Զ⣬Ըһȥ
ӢЭҲǻҲž۵ӡ
⻰ʵҲףѵ㻹ϵꣿ
ԶЩɬ͵ҸǰЭڴȥҼңԵʱүүЭסҽԺ
겻ȥԶøյٵڣôء
û뵽Ӣؼҹꡣ

ڶһ磬˳ɷͻؼԺû
֪ϱһǣŲӲӵֵҵʱ򣬼ڳ緹
Ӣʵ緹ûУ
ţ̣ˮ󼦵
ӢָϵĴͱʵ˱ҪԵ𣿡
֪ҡҡͷӲ˵Ҫһ㣬ſڷ˺ӳԡ
֪ϴó·İ׳ͺڿӣ׿ʽɫȫһСŮȹ
СĹ۲ҵɫֺõȥٻ¥ģһһףûͬҾˡ
˵ɿ쿴ۺԶ
Զ¶οЦ˵۹ⲻѡ·ܺÿ
Ӣͬǰ׳ϴ̾װͿϲˡ
ԶϵЦˡ
ڱŤǰӣ˸˶лл˵㶮ò
뵽˵ǷĶ岻ȹ֪ϸ
帶ô࣬ӦøмԺŶԣܸ嶪
һףһġ
лл
л֪˿
˲Ӳʺǣǣɫɫѡģϲ𣿡
ʵϲɫ͵ĵȻϲ
ȹӶϱȻţת˸ȦȦÿģһ𴩣

Թ緹ܹԼӢһȥϺ·¸⼸ɩӡ
¾ĹǱӢˣ˵ӢҲͬһϺɣطȥ෴ķ򡣡
ӢаҾȥߣȥ߰ɡ
һ˺ͶϵԲͬɫֳı仯תɫ
ֻӢܿ
ÿϺܴ˳ĽʯȺ񵽲ٺΪãʵܿϺɢɫ
ɫԽʰ쵣˵ǴʯȺϺԽࡣ
ɽӣҲǰҰӴŭĳɫܼʱϹȥ
ȻӢҲòϣӢʵãÿθϺջġ
æҪȥߡ
µС˼أ治Ҫ
ӢµµС˼ߵĽʯֻ̲΢ɫһССϺߵĽʯȺɫʰ쵣ߵࡣ
ӢЦδܽĵȥ߿ɡ
ߵĽʯȺĹϺḻϲѣӢ̫ˡ
ӢЦֹôĺܿɫѡ
ǺͲӲӻ˴Ϻ裬дϺֻ
ӢæȥץСֱôأϺóԵġ
ֻӢҪһֻ
Ϻ޸Уûʲô⣬Ϻأϲɡ
Ӣ治Ҫ
۾ðģЦһͷռһ룬βе⣬ϡûȥ
ӢҲУһݸ
ȥ
ãҼҾҸ϶ôԲ
ܹɫĺ㣬ֻϺ
ӢϺԼ
ȥʱſͰ͹̧֪Ͱջ۾Żˡ
ģǼôడ
Ӣصѡģ㿴⼸ɩӸҲ˸ա
ǼɩҲÿʵȥߵģΪ²ܶߣ½һ
֪ӢùϵϺʱеջء

صңСľŴϺǯӣ½ĺûԹ
治ѣʵ裬ϺҪôԣó𣿡
óԵġ
ôҪ
ϲġ
Ӣ˵㣬ϵǳϺ
ӢܲܳԿ㣬ˡ
Ӣѽȥ̿翾һŰ⽣翾⽣ȥ档
ѿҪˢĵϵãüԼ㣬ϣôóԡ
ϵرϺƤϲ˵ζкӶ룬СҲһ롣
ĸһ˰ˡ
ϺȺԶſʼԶ³
ÿǰһ̳ԶǰһС⽡
ԶĸӺӢǰϲϺƤµԵС⽣ǰġ
һС⽣쳣һһڸͣ
ӢٳϺС⽻óԡ
Զûһ͸һ̳ԹˣʻûУӢԼĳһ룬ƣҳԲˣҪҳʣģͳԡ
ԶָӢʣµİ̳Եˡ
ţٺóҲǵΪϺͱȵùڵС⽡
ܡ
˵Ҫǲ԰ѳø𣿡
⣬óԵĻǲῪҪġ
Ųϵء
һϺ۾ȥƽƽĵϺݲζ
ܽϺ𣿡
аӢЦŵǺģԺϱЩ
ˣôжƤĳ
ԶͻȻ˵ʵҲġ
䲻ĴɣûأǱˣ˷ʳġ
ӢͷҲǣ֣δϱпڸˡ
˵ˡ
ˣԺſڳȥˡ
Ǻǲ⣬裬Ϊʲôôøϱ
ӢϱܴӼҾķ֮һˡ
Զ
ķ֮һǣʸûУ
ԶѸٵȥ
úżŤͷ壬ҡ
Զ˭ò˺úóԷˡ
Ӣ̧ͷԶ˿̵Ũĺɫˣ޴йķƣʱ˭˭ùӢǲġ

˽մңնGӰְ֣龫ƻлӢС
ӢݸлĹֳٵģϱװ˴£˭ϡĸлѽ
մҳŻ˼䣬ԶմлҪ˵š
ߵԺ棬ʵʲô˵
մҸԶ֪ͬ꣬ô£Զʱ͸һմ⡣
뵽ؼҵʱϱԹЩ˵μҵСñӢƵĿĺܣȰȰԶ
ҡμҡռµĴ磬һѰͺԶ綼ˡ
ԶЭǻŵĶμҴСãԺΪŮ֮һСͺܳ衣
մҵ磬ϱ˵ϵˣһģҪҪֵô
ЭˣҲûҪֵĸһɣ
ԶһͷаûطҪиŮγͣɧźͺӣǲҲôȣ
Ȱ֮ǰԼܲҼҵĶߣҲϡ
մҴûԶôƢ
ԶԵ޹ʶĳ˵ƫ϶ǶμС˹ֵ飬ȵĵˡ
ǿϱҴϢ󡣡
Զʵô˵ģ
մҰҧͷ֪Զ̬ȣͲˡ
ʵҲĸϱ߿࣬˵ദ꣬иˣǣһִģ뺢ӣӶѡ
ӢԺǽ˰죬޿̣źΧǽֽɻ򺫾Զ
ֽɻںԶűߡ
˵˶̧ͷմֱ˵˻ץ
л˵
vл֧׶Сʹǣ˫


17 
ӢӲҹ, Լ˯žǲñʧߡ
ŲͷǺԶʲôء
סմңվס
մսսĻ, ɩʲôָʾ
ӢߵСմϿΣǣ
վŰʣſΧǽϣԴǵľ, ˣҵǶĻؼҵǮչҵǮıķ, ΰʲôû, һأôҡ
ʱ򣬺͹֪ҲŰǽͷ, һȥ, һСֵߣͬñӵı鿴
մμ, ӢǸԲɩ, һؼҸϱú˵˵, ļ¡
Ӣһôôϲ˵ǹʹأãָĴģְҵ, ҳ̵¶𣿡
մұӢ˵ɫǺ졣
Զѵϵֽɻ, صԺһСǽͷϱ
Ӣ˵ҲǹҪ͵, ˵Ҫֽɻ
˵, ʵҲҪֽɻҾҸ͵
ԶСţɩ軵ˡ
һֳȥˡ
ϳǶΰƭαżֻҪùˣñ
Ӣ̲סۣ˵úƵģҪ㣬ܱץ𣿡
˵ˡ

ԶγαƭСŸմҡ
㿴γαż¶ܸɵóƫִӴ𣿡
մҲɵӣԶżӣҲύγġ
ɫףż治֪
磬ҡ
ԶΪŮӰжϣǾˡ
մҲҲˣҲҲҲǣҡ
ӢӰ𣿡
ԶԥǴԭ򡣡
˵ܾãӢǾԲѵľء
֪Ϻ;ϴԼ·ȴϴװȵ̼ŵ׵ٶװ̵ûһ˿ޡ
Ӣ˵ܿľװȾࡣ
һְҵض˵Ůˣǲְҵͼ֮ͥѵġ
ԶӿӿļĺˣҵӢ
ȻʱֻЭޡ

ϣӢʺԶǸմҸʲôϵôܹȰȡ
Զ漸ҵĹϵ
֮ǰǸ˵Ҵ绹ֵܣΛJѰմҸͬ꣬Ѱ׵ܵܣδޣմҲ˵ķԣִҪȢ
»߸¾ӣղĬѰĺӣռҶĬĻ£֨ˡ
ӢմлͿմҺնGӲ׸ӡ
Ѫףɫһģ͸DNAһԲ
նGӲմӵʱ򣬻ҪҪԶ˵
ڲ˵ˡ
մԸ״ӣӢԭӣԶҲɩӡ
˭ûʸȥ˵̡

ڶһ磬Ӣ˵ڲгȥУӢȥȥ
һСʮһ󼯣ϵĶҪƱ
ȻڲС̯ӣжȡһʱ䣬һЩũԼ㶫ڼϻ򻻻û˹ܣγϰˡ
࣬ûɹɵĸɺܴš
ӢȻҪȥˣڷſŶӵȳ
ÿ󼯶˳ûӣһڳϣʦʺأľòǲˡ
˵һˣڼԺӢܻӭΪ̫ˣ˭ϡ
˶࣬ĶܼԱߵӲСļ첲ü첲أŤһߡ
ӸյУȲ˳
С˵û弯Ϸ̵ʱ䣿
Ӣأ˾Լˡ
ҲģƧļء
ӢЦǾ֪ء
㲻ҲǴ㶼ϰɣ
˵ǲһû¹磬ũ꣬ͷһûԹࡢŶҺɷĽ.С㣬ôܿңмѵġ
˵ѣӢãǰϵĸɴ࣬ӣ
̫ˣôõӰǲúùȻָǰ壬Ҫմ顣
մĻ䣬תҵΣյļһߡ
ǰ󣬶ûкøС

ӢԵϴѧʱи󣬼˷Բŷֿģֿ˼˵İŸմҴ綨˻飬ûȵ飬ѰˣȻմҴСͰ˼˵ķԣҪȢء
ӢǴ氮˰ɣ
ƲƲ죬Ҳմҵ˼Ҹ˵ǰȥתȥũȻմҾ͵ϵ˵ϵãӵкôҪϱûϵ
Ӣʵմ֪ǰڵϵũ𣿡
̫֮ǰ֪ڿ϶Ҳ֪ˡ

Ӣĸӹ伯УӢǸɹɵܲһ㣬һرóԡ
һ㣬ǻȥҡ
ӢҲ˲٣˼֣ԺﻹпյأԶּ߲˹ϹĸأǶҵ¡
ܹӢȥ򼦵˵ԭ
иúÿĸҪѼһëǮһؼҪ򣬶ǾͰļ˰ɡ
ļҲ߷ǮһϼȻҪƱһëһļҲȥ
˵ļĸߣȥ
Ӣ˵ǰ˿ŮҳɹĸȻһС
޺޵˺кָϵġ
ӢЦˣЦʲô
ӢЦӾͱСɣҲ˼ᡣ
һ죬ޣɱ϶ûĵļŮͶˡ
ϱӿɸ϶ˡ
Ǵȥ̫£һʮСﴩŶ̿㣬¶ĸ첲Сϣࡣ
СﳤþϧĽģգһСĿжʮ
ȫҲࡣ
ָǿǿöǲӲӣƯȹӴǺҸġ
ӲæͷţҺҸ
ҧҪǶҽҾͰѼȫϣҪңҪ´ٲҽˡ
Ӣ̲ס̾СѵľۣȷʵʧΪĵİ취
֪ϸе˼飬ôô룬ҽԲ¡
æӢģ裬Ҳ˵Ŷ˵ǰĶãϲˡ
ݺݵһãеԿİ˺ͬġ
ȻӢ𣿡
򡣡
Ϊʲôȫ˲ֲ𡣡
Ӣԭ򣺡ǿ첲ϵ˺ۣĸڱܿĵطҪȡҶͬ顣
ǼǮܾܽҪѣ˷ԼȥⱾϣĸμסﲻ
ҿ˾ȵһʱȲһҪı仹ҪԼĸǸˣСڼǼѵ˵ġ
Բͬ¶˵Щ
ҹ֪Ҫ㻨Ǯ֪ĺΪѣɱ˵Сϵദ
Ҳý˵еģԥԥ
ֲǲ㡣
Ӣˣǳ꣬˵ʹˣ𣿡
֪ϱӢŵһ飬æͷ㣬֪ˡ
ֻкھᡣ

뷵ֻаСʱˣӢȴͻȻһʱȥٵӡ
ʵʲô˲Ӣʲô£ҪǸɫһնGӵףӢԲҪȥġ
ҶΪմҸĺӣմûʸָֻš
ǽⷢӵףʵ̫ˡ
Ǹ֪ǰŮĺ
Ҫ

ӢŸȥĸСȻؼϵ㣬תͷһԭأֱ㶵ĿԶС
Ӣûͷ
Ӣܹȥ򣬡ôˣ
عȻɫɫ𾪡š
Ӣ˳Ŀ⣬ɫת䣬Ǹ߼ۼСйء
Сϵɫ̫߲ˣû롢а
ҲӢСӣ㷢ͬĵԭ֮һ
ûŮӽӴ࣬ӢĺΪ˵ʯ
ǸСãһй˰ӢԲüĸȥʯ
ҲѾջĿ⣬װµӣ˵ѽϵʱ쵽ˣǻȥɡ
Ӣһȥ򼸸ӣĸȥϵ㣬ڷǰ϶ȥ
Уȥء

Ӣߺ󣬺¶أӢ¶һ˸ɣ֪ϸһȥ򼦵
֪ϣǻȥǸõļ˰ɣ̫ˡ
֪ҲǸͦģӢղŵŵ£ðɣᱻġ
ǲǸûؼҾҪ򰥣Ӻʲôϵ
ѹ֪˵ˡ
ͻȻͺıӢһĺס
Ŷ㣬Ӣ۾㻨ǮĶģǴ˸ģбµԼǮٸа尡
ຫĶ䣬ûĵСˣΪʲôҪΪʶɵˣȥûУ
ɵˣôףͼ¶
ܣϴקŪߡ
ϱӣǸСɲңʵ˼ҵ˸бµˡ
ȥң̸ҲǺأǸ̸ŮΪó裬ȥȥ͸ˡ
СŮϱӸ֪Ϻͺо
Сӣ˹֪ϣҲȥ˼ꡣ
ⱲСΪӢ޸˺ԶĳΪһˡ
ΪϱӵŰݣΪӢ˵ϣǼȻʱھˡ
ϱǰ˺üꡣ
һͷϴקϵϵ㣬ĸӵӢ

Ӣڹ涨ʱصϵ㣬ˡ
˾·˸ɩӣüͷÿζôһɩʱ䣬Ҫҵȡ
˾Ȱһ£λɩȥһ¡
˳ٵ߻ȥˣйˡ
˵һڲͷУȡ
˰Сʱ˾ڸ˻
ɫף˾ɫҲЩࡣ
Ӣ˾ҹȥʱ򣬿İȽ.סˡ
ϾӢҲˣ
ǰҪߣŷҪ˵Ǿʱ䳤ˣűҹȥ˾
ĿɣûкʵĿλã˾֪Ϊ˰СʱԹֻȰɩǼһɩڸλðɡ
ʱˣߵʱôҶһɩӱԹ˼䣬ﻹڵĳ
ܼģֻǴҲԸ⡣
ļǿҲˣȥ
С˾æȰסɩӣֱԺĹСʱһȵһ࣬תĻҪתˣ̫鷳ˣسٴһˣҪֵܴġ
Ӣ̾С˾аûʲô
ѲӲӱϣǣȥ
ڳһȽϿλ
Ŵ˳ֱӷʱ򣬲ŵ˵˾䣬лл
һûͲҪ˵˭üء
ҧ˵һ顣
ӢֻǵͷλǲС˾ΪѣͲΪҪĸл

صңӢĶһ£һֻʮһϺЩϹ߲ˡ
׼档
ѾԼɱˣ֪Ժ̼ë
Ӣѻ죬Сʯӵ飬ĸغͼù֪ϲ˺ɼ˿
Ȼк棬ѾˣҲĺܺá
ѰСʱߦɱƤгɾȵϸ棬ˮһ飬㻨顢˿õõĵȥӣܵͣٺòˡ
˲ӲӳԵĶӶԲˣ裬ְһɡ
Ӣ˵м˿
ʺϻߦ𣿡
ҲûԹͷ
Ӣֵһ룬ȥû뵽󣬻Ÿ̫óˣûУҼ϶һ룬档
һ֮ƤҪ̫
˵һأϸ롣
ޣϲˣ϶ߦȻԣˣṩۣ׳ԡ

ڴô

緹Ӣ˯һշ룬ʵԱվԺſʵӢ𣿡
ӢͷʵԱһ£óһżݸͬ־һš
ӢŽӹռȷʵǡӢַҲԵϣļûдȫֻдˡŮʿ
Ӣûԭļ䣬֪ŮʿǺηʥΪʲôţ
ʹ֪֪֪˭
֪˵ߺûյݡ
ǵ
òܣ̸ǰͷǸϵãôд
֮ȢǰͷĶն࣬ȥˣһʼͬ⣬ͬġ
ӢƾǺԶдġ
Զдţд⵹ͦ档
һдҳֽҳдĶʹϧԶһλ˺Զ˰֡
Ȼ˵ʮ³ʮ٣ϣܼӡŮӢڶζϱ
ţӢֲ֧ЦĶᡣ
Ϊܶǿ̫Сˡ
˳־ͰŸ˼СǶɣôһĲֵ
һ̼ĹţûʲôЦģ̲ϲģҪȥμ磬϶Ҫ
ϲң⣬׶ӣΪʲôҲϲأ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ʱҶɣ岻ģ̫үү֤϶̵׶ӣҵ׶壬ҲҪ˼롣
Ӣ룬ýˮиŷºϡ
ֽĸС˵ϺԶԼš
öҪ㣬˵Ҫ˵ء
ӢѽǿǶ壬õôѡòãѵ㲻֪ҪǸļ޵̸Ҫ𣿡
֪ͦģϾ̫үүǽѪԵϵˡ
̲㣬ļˣҪˡ

ϺԶ棬֪СڳſڣֵͲС顣
һĻܰճǰ궼ġ
СǱˣˣ۾ˡ
ǰպã壬ϳŶȥڽ̣˵϶㣬Ǽ϶桯
Զȥǳԡ
ǣǲŶϵùģ˵׳Եġ
ԶҲˣȥȥɡ
ӢǷŽԶ˵յ.дţȻռдңҸû棬ӵĿɡ
ԶӹţּһС׼ȥڽ˵ĺǶߡ
һС˿Ӹ˵Ѿˡ
л˵
ڶµС


18 
Զ΢ɨŵķ, ǲֺϵġ
ȻɣǶˡ
˿ӢӢһĵ㿴Ҹ, ѽ
ĸСĸŸͣѽѽ
ԶЦסˣ̾, ĸСģӢĶڿˡ
Ŷ̸żյˡ
Ӣ˸
Զﲻʲôû, ˡ
Ӣҿǰ, Ȼú
յҲã͵ûõŮʿʮٵʱ, װ֪, 绰ôҲ׼ˡ
Ӣ⼫, ǲӲ, ȥԷ, ˮտˣߦûУ
æңϰ˸˳԰, Ͳæ
Ӣеĵŵ, , һ, Ҷˡ
ˣ֪ǣ㡣
ӢҪʦصң棿ǴŹǣڽ漼ܣʦʦصǻºðɡ
˵ˣ˵ȥҲֻó໤ˣֲ㱣ķĻѵ

ʱ϶ǹˣ룬޺˵á
Ųһף˵Ұϴ˰
϶Ǹʵˣ׼ȥϴ롣
ԶһĺϣòԵȥ˰ɣÿ˷ϴ𣿡
Ӣദһʱ治Լˡ
˵ֲǿˣԺ䷹ӻأ϶ϴȥҸӢӳȥɢɢʳ
Զ
϶
Ů˴źĳţԶ϶
϶񣬡ϴ
ԶãִһӢϲӡ

Ӣʱ򣬺Զϴ˵ϴʱСĴİӣݼһ
ӢеϧҲˣǶ¡
ɣɫĲһҲûϵֻҪεһľˡ
Զ⣬ΪʲôҪ
ӢЦһ԰һ̫µˡ
ԶĪӿ졣
ӢȥϴʵӶϴˣϴţ㲻ȥϴ𣿡
Ӣһֱ£ȥնGӵףǸгˣȷʵ֪ģ˭û˵
Ӣ֪ˣƵҪֲ֪ø˭˵
ܸԶ˵
һ͵ռҵļ£ⶼˡ
ӢܲܿóĿǰֻйDNAҪǲϣ˭ûа취֤Ǻӵĸ˭
ĺ÷Ҫйеơ
ӢкԶ˯ͷȥԺ񣬡ҰЩ˾ȥϴ裬˯ɡ
ԶЩɵۣϵʲôأɡ
ӢҡͷҲ˯ţһ³˺˵˯ˡ
Զֻա
ܿԺ죬˯ˣʶ洲̵Ĺ֪ϣ㻹Ҷ񣿡
֪ۣ˵ҽ㣬ʲôƵ¶ˡ
˸ۣĵĲм㿴Ժеҳı㻹ģưǱ˶ˡ
֪룬벻ףЩСӲġ
ͻȻһ飬ϻͻ˻᲻Эôͳˣ
ʹ֪ϣҶ𣿡
֪룬Ͻؼ񣬽ԽҲûбԹʲô˰ɡ
İɡ
ܾùֵֹģܾѡ

ڶ죬϶ҺԶô£
Сڳ˰ɣϱҪģûãʡϱ
Զأңϱ
϶һ£û뵽Ӣ
һ˵ĳô϶ĴϱҪģժһ¼͸ˣ㿴ʳú¼Ĳϴһȥϱָͺˡ
Զһһֻ¼ӪԺĳ˸䡣
ֱ˿е
УԲС
϶һΣñϱ䡣
ϺԶ׼ؼң϶ԥƬ̺ȥʳã׼°ˡ
Զ¡
¸ֵϵڴ°ԺҪɶѽ
Զ˵Ժ¼̫ïʢˣСϲһȥԡ
ڣϽڣ̫п˵Ҷ뿳ˡ
һء
ԶƤ¼ĸһãŻؼԺһ·ϺüԶ˵ԵԺģûǵİԡ
Һȥ˰£¼ڿǽԡ
ӢѾˣŵлζЬӣܳһԶԻأڵ¼ٻһء
Ӣϲ¼ÿ
ԶЦˣ϶˵öԣŮ˶ϲÿĻ
ص仨ϧֵļڣ֪ܻܲ
϶ܡһ¼ĸͺˡ
ԺˣߺԶȥϴ裬Լ͵͵¼˵ܡ
ڶϣԶˣȥ¼Ļû㣬쳣
Ӣվ¼Աߣ˱ȻҾ˵ܻɡ
쳣ͷںԶһ

ԶӪأһ磬ųԷʱȥӪմҡ
ϱӢǺ֮մҾû˼ȥҺԶ
ԶЩ⣬磬ʲô£
Զҿûˣżɽʵ㣬ô϶ĺӣմģ
Ѱ˽⣬δδе¡
ͻɹմҼǾĺӣϵʼû̬ҾĬˡ
մЩ죬ʲô˼
Զڲ˾һ㱨˵ͼȥϼǰǰޣġ
մһһܿµ˵˵ˣǰ˹ϵȥ껻ϵ硣
ȫٹɽ磬ֶΣѳֵ˴ȥ㿪ġ
Ǳ캮ض̫ˣ˵ֻҪڴͶ겻֣ͬǵĻ£Զûԣѡ˷ӼİŸѰ顣
ǰûз
ҧڴ꣬˹ϵϵѾһˡ
һû棬һȥҳ֮͸մ˵ˡ

մҹɵҲѣӢɩӸǰҲ˵˳ɷ·綼󷽵ˣǰ󣬺Ҳʲô˵°ɡ
Զ
ˣңƾʲô϶մĶӣɱŪң˵ȷ֤ݡ
մҲˣûû˵ɣʲôɵġ
ʱҸ綩˻飬ӲҸĻ˭ģ
׿ڿ϶𣿡Զʵ
մάӣ˵ĻˣƤô˼˵鲻ǰ϶ʲôɵġ
Ů̫ˣǰҲǶӢأôǰź˿ȴҵӺͺӣ
ءԶһŸմ˳ȥ
ͷ࣬Ȼֻƾܲ⣬Ͷ϶Ѱġ
̫ˡ
մҷŭˣҪ֡
Զ˼ȰܵսʿǸӪҪдһء
˭óǺԶڵѪŰմҡ
ܿӪȰܣѺԶˡ
ԶһԲȥίǴ򱨸дȥˡ
Ӫմô£
ԶǸصˣôˣôʹˣ
մĪ֪ܷгһɡ

Ӣ߳緹µϣȪˮϡ
ССϿϵӣȫ֮󣬲ſʼ
ӲӴӱ߱߿ʼԣǴмȳԵ
ϴ·ϴϴ˲ܳϡ
˼ϴõѹӢȻԵãԹԵĸɻĽĺܣǰһš
ڣϳˣѰɡ
ӢƤӻ࣬ر
̶ϣĳѡ
źгͥ̾û޴ôɵġ
Ӣ֪֮ҪŪĸģûڵӹˡ
֪ϰѴõıӷŵСһź죬߰ɣȥǱϴȥ
ӢĶǻˮģעⰲȫ
֪ϴӦˡ
ߵʱ򻹲һ䣬ȥѧӾ֤ô
ﲻмޣԴ꣬˾ԴĹˡ
еᣬԣͼԣӢ˵˸Ϣ
ҼҸ׿յķӣҪھˡ
ӢʵҪ¼ˣ
صЦ¼²˭
Ӣӡ
ոӪҪ
ӢȣΪʲô
ҧ˿ϣȪˮĳžǲһ
ոӪĸˣ̫̫عأ˵ոӪļ𲻹סĴףҪᵽ
Ӣ
̫̫ǸӪ𣿡
أ治ھӣۿˣҶʦһεĸвʦء
˵ѧУ溫͹֪Ϸ
ҪѧˣǸСݣʮһ꣬ѧһ
֪Ϻͺתѧһ꼶ѧú͸еһѧУ
ⱲŪ÷С޲ǻˡ
ڳк͸жƵģŪȥݸУܲμӸոջָĸ߿Ĵ
ϵĸн긴ˣѧУУȫʦ񣬱µ߷ãĺӲŮȰѧУȥȰһһСӶûлҹ֪ϺͺҲһɡ
Ӣ޳ȥһ
׼ȥӱϴӵסǣԸ𣿡
֪ͷʮѧҵˣȻڴѧͣΣǴ˵ˣԶͣȥһѧǻͨ߿߽ѧͨƼȥϴѧ
ӢֿźæҡͷңҲԸ⡣
еĿγ̶ûúϣһҪѳĿγȫϡ
ˣŲɡ

ӢȰиھӴϼҵزݷá
̫̫ȥʮ꣬ɢĶ³֪
̫̫һͺܹ󣬲Ǿеģϵ򲻵ĵģ˵ĸףлӢϴξ
ӢæƴǵոӪϻѾлˡ
лЦлӣҸлͻ
ӢȻԶԣֻˡ
лֵҳ軵ˣȻûеŵлϣǶൣЩ
۾޿֣ʲôԸĶס
Ӣһ˿ᣬԼˡ
Ҹ׷ǹʣƾʲôѽҲǵҲǱ˼ıҲκ˵뵣
лû뵽Ӣôֱӡ
ӦҲܿ죬ҲûЦˡ
лãһԼھ鷳
л㣬żˣ֪лŮʿʲô𣿡
ҹʲôأǼԹӣһ𣿡
޿ҡͷлŮʿǴѧĽڣϵθУ֪Ϻ;ȥμӸһ¼ȡԣôܵлУ
Ӣ
ڣƨá
ûڵô˵أ
˵ģû찡
ӢѾ취ˣ㿴ڹȥǸü𣿡
޿ҡͷǸ̫ˣѧԣȴȥ԰ɡ

ӢûԷϴͻˡ
Զͷԣʵ췢ʲôԡ
Ƿ߷߲ƽΪ硣
ô˵֪ϣֲϸУǹ֪Ҫϡ
ϴ˵Ĺ֪ãȻ̧ͷʲôû˵Ҳֵͷϣ
ǱС˾ôѧԾû⣬Ϻˡ
ԶԽԽͿʹ֪ϣ֪˵⵽ô£
֪ϾͰѽնGӵ˵ˡ
ҽ㲻֪µĸУˣԲĳԲȥ
ԶˣΪ˺ѧ·
ϺǸãԶһݣڴͷϣ￪ŵƣӢſڴװ˯
ԶЦôл̵ģ
Ӣ̾ŮĲ£ıŮûϵƾʲôѽҾֱ˵ﻰȻͲɢˡ
Զ̿л̾ǿһ䣬ҲûҪš
Ӣ˵ˡ
ԶȰ֪Ϻ;СأΪʲôִŵҪһأ
˵Ӣɵˣ˵ڼϿСǽһ
ûˣҾǲúһ𳤴Ļᡣ
ԶȵȣǻСأھ͵ǲ̫ˣ
Ӣú룬÷С޲ѽմΪɵЩ£㻹ⲻзδȻҪǺϵļ໤ˣǲ鷳µġ
Զոմһ٣ͦͷ۵ġ
ҪȥлУ˵˵ҲųģӦòΪѼӡ
Ӣ֣ԼȥԵг⣬ˡ
ڶ죬ӢȥѧУлŮʿѾĴ㣬лŮʿҪҲȥһϡ

ϵĸͣ˺ü꣬긴Σѧǰ׼ڽֵѧУŬ£ټҳͬüﺢѧΪͣεԭЩӵͦġ
׿Ǳزٵġ
ӢѧУʱлУڰһ׸ߵǸҵ˼ҡ
󡣡
Ӣܹȥɰ
ллл
û¶ѧУУ˴ֶѡ
źлʵСʲô£
Ӣ̬ȳϿңģҼʮкӣͦģ˵ſѧüĶԲμѧԣԡ
лŮʿͣĻȵʮѽǰͰɡ
꼶һһһԵúܲˡ
Ӣʵкͦģ֪ϣѾѧ˸еĿγ̣Ӳμѧô
лҡҡͷⲻҪǶҲܰͰһ
ӢҲǸӣ˵ѧУûй涨УԵͣܰѧԵĻᡣ
лŮʿЦЦģҸʲôأѵһ²ʱ䣬͸ҵĸ飿
Ӣʵʵ˵һ£ʲôأֲģǵļ໤ˣδ֮ǰǵδƶ档
Ӣ̹лŮʿĹһ㡣
ûӢĻûƫƫţǲɫ˺ü˴Ӣ
Ů˵ӢϤ˵Ӣĵһӡ󲻺ã˵ллʱȻûиӦûò
ŮȻЩ㣬Ǹֱˡ
ŮԶһ٣пϵ˵˶Ӣӡ˵ӢԸһ䶼ϳԿлŮʿŸлʱ̹ˡ
Ǹ¸˵Ӣݳ񶾵ĺ
˵ӢūСϴԼֻŹһ߿
λﻰ˼˵ӢĻصĺܣֶŮ׶
ֻѧУͨ˽ʦӢͣӢ˺ѡ

лŮʿ͸ӢʵҸˣûи飬ξô̵ͼʲôأ
Ӣλźúõǧɽˮϵʹİɣǧ˵Ȥá
лŮʿþûķˣӢΣҲĻ
̿
ﲻɵ̵ͣǣǾǿη塣
Цðɣ˵㣬μѧԣͨ˿ѧͨĻߺҲС
ӢҪľǸѧᣬ֪ģпܻ⿼ңӢ׼ȥúô
лʵǲǾȥͷϺ
ѽ׼ȥأﺢӶ࣬ͷϺҪƱҪȥ𣿡
л㻹ͦ뿴ϵķ飬˳˽һºԶСϱ
ϾʱŮʿίУæ¶ϱ顣
Ůʿױдţǰ֪ʮ³ʮ٣ĿǰΪֹӡϱûһ˴绰οһ
лһӢԳŲŲʣǲǲ̫ò

лȥʦ˵ӡ
Ӣȥˣһһ䣬һУеĴ
ȵôŮŮס
лЦдҾͲǽˡ
Ӣͬھżӵ꣬Ҿˣְλֻһһɣ
лͣһסҪûãøҪʦ
ӢлŮʿƷĺܡ
ȥͷϺʱлʱˡ
˵ҸС죬֮ǰˣҪĲ˵һţͨ㻺һĸӹϵһֱ绰ûȵҲòˡ
ӢǺˣŮʿȻί˵͡
лŮʿܸУлĳЩ۵ͬ
ӻѧԣӲܡ
ȵյŵţһûüͱԶѽ˵ûûҲÿˡ
ˣлԺԶԸȷʵܸɵĳ
ûиӢͺԶĸ֮ĸңֻǸ̾ĸ֮䲻֪ܺͽ⡣
ӢûӲ磬ͽźأͲøŴ򽻵ˡ

صԺڲڰңͰҸס
ŲӲȥ֣նGӺ
˲ӲӿӢ˻ˣ˵˵裬ھԺǿһ𣿡
ӢЦѽ
СϵǴİ͸ɫ˵˴СѺܹԺ
ӢԼȹնGӣֹӲӸ
ݵɫϻֶһ˿ĺɫ˵˿ڼʡ
˭أʲӲиҸļͥ
ӢֻƾɫС˿΢ļʣǲ֪ڼʲô
̺áŮųĺ
áӢ˸Ѻõ΢Ц
úŮӴҲ˶ˣؼȥ
ӢĲӣϲϺ
ȻתŶСϵɫתֺõĵɫ
ӢСƨҳԷҫһ
ӢһѸ޶ߣ˵ҪѧϺɣӲӸټҪؼҳԷˡ


19 
ȻԼ, Ͳ˻ؼԷˣЩʧ
˲ӲӸСӻ֣ӵܵܡݽټ, 档
˵һͷӢ豧ȿѧ˾Ͳһˡ
ӢߵʱͷһۣǸݵŮ, ϴʵɫֺһ㡣
ʵȷʵǲӲۡ
ʵɫк֣ܶӢ컹ۣ˵
ļʻ, ֮ûб˼
ɫйԵ, СԼûв

ݳڼԺŵ־
ĲɸźѧϺ˷, ȥ, ѧҪõľߣʵǲú͹֪, Сһ硣
.̫, ˲ϸСˡ
, ĸСӶ˾ɫСһҪ飬Ҫ˿顣
ҪʮˣӢǮʡ, Ҫ
ʹ, 㻹, ܱһ롣
Ӣɲ, ҹܺãø겻⣬ƽһһǮҪ
ˣȻÿһױʺͱӡ
궫磬ӢȷǸݵŮڲڼԺȥ䡣
˵ÿ顣
ĸ˸˷ˣ޲
Ҳ˼ȥһ㣬ͷԣǸŮڼ˯ɣ
ﰲĿ飬Ӣ˸û˵ĵطϢ
ӢпǸݵСôң
ݵİΣݰְְͰСӹˡ
㻹ǵϼ°ɣСＦûվֱ̫ӱɹ˹ȥȻˣСİְֽӳее̵Σְڹϣ϶쵼ɺŰŮ
ʦҲϣλ˱棬Ҫ顣
Ѿ˼ˣŮҲԩ˵ֻСﾡ㣬ʵ߰˷һҲУСԼһվ̫ɹιȥģ˵ʲôûˡ
ϱӿǼʶҵɹͥġ
һ·ĸԸΪΡƲǣһǺ
֪δĿƼУ˴ҲǣһʼݣͻȻˣͲͷ򹷻֪ϴһܡ
ԩ
Щϱӵծ˸˵

ӢʵͿСǹģ㿴дӣƫƫ̫²Ųѣ˶ôɵű̫ɹɣ
ͬȷʵġ
Ӣ¸ᶨҪͺȥС
СܹӢ裬ҽ˼£Զһ𣿡
Ӣʲô£
ǵ֪費ϲĽ㣬Խʱƾ°С˾ڼ棬ǳͲӲ̫úˣƨߵܹȥء
ӢЦС飬ҲֻȻἵʣҪǲӲҲ費ƽԺͲҪĽ𣿡
СԴ룬ȫİ취
裬Ƕһ˵ǽӲӵģȻҸӲӾܿ߱ˡ
ӢúСѲˣǹϾܾУԽǮһƿˮӲӷźȡ
ҲС
飬ӢżȥӪƿˮƽӲһһȵˣ򴽣ˮúȡ
ˣҲҪˮ
Ӣ㲻㻨ǮԼȥ
˵ˮǮ㽱ġ
Ӣͷ԰ѧԣҪܴ꣬ҽһǮô
УҲϡ
顣
鰡ǲǸСĿ
ԥһ£԰ɡ
˰ѻ𣬡һҪúÿȻԶС˾˵һ꼶һӵĶ̰塣
仰ʹţʾ϶úÿ

صңǸݵСѾְָˡ
ǶԹˣԶϻӢʲô
ԼȥѧУлУ˳𣿡
Ӣ˵˳֪Ϻͺȥμѧԡ
ԶŪһˣ˵Ҳл̲ΪӣѸϵġ
Ӣÿɷ쿴˵
֮ǰ²ˣ»ʲôɴأ
ãסѧУֵȥˣ¸ᵽĲС
е棬ΪʲôԸ׽ҲԸ׽
ԶΪл̸£һֱãлû֮Լǰ֣һֱûԭл̡
Ӣ룬ʱǿԽʯҪ氮ʤһУȥԺˡ
Զѡ֣Ҫ
ȻһżṩıһԹ޼ĳϰìˡ
˼ҵܲţеǰѡ
Ǹгˣһͦ͵ġ
Զ⣬ӿǳǳ⣬ǰƷ񣬺ԶʵЩģһڴ꣬Ǽ

ȥеʱǡ˼䡣
˵ʲô
˵ԼѾˣʱ֤ˣǸɿŵˣҲʱ֤ˣֻǸ󣬵ܹѵǧС㣬ˣ磬һȥȢޡӣδӺӣҸˡ
޵Ŀɲˡ
˵ǻʱɫŨɫѹֵµɫԶҲֹһΣûйԵġ
֪ΪʲôйӢﾹȻĪĺˬ
Ӣ˵ʱҾ룬ǰ޻ͷ㣬̫ãﲻܳܣԺˡ
Զ
һﶼĥɶң͹˳ɷǲһģӢԺҪǰΣ𡣡
Զ˿̵ɫɫ޴йơ
Ӣæ֤УԺҾǰޡ
ͷϷû˵ء
˳ɷ֪ϴ˵μҼΪ谮γģѾγİ칤ҪϵľҽԺ
γıǻʿǴӾеϵҲ߹ϵʲô¡
Ӣһµģ˻ǲ˵ˡ

ڶһ磬ӢǺͲӲ꣬һȥ˸С
ѧֻĺʹš
һٷֵľӣһСʱ˵㵽ŵ뿼ģʮʮʮʮ
࿼ĶǱУʦݵİְֽҲ࿼
ְߣӢк
հ̺áʦã硢֪ϸ硢λúá
ӢôͶ㲻Сأ
ЦıСﻹ𣬡á
ݺܿĵĸ˲ӲӽܣӲãװְ֣ѧУĽ̵ء
ӲС¶֪ݵҫݽ㣬ְֺѽ
ӢϿҫɫӲҫװְ֡
ӢЦ۾иʦİְãʦְҵǺ𾴵ģҲҪĽǲӲְأһǱľˣһǻظеĴѧңҲŶ
ǻˡ
ԷСӣӢԭеھΣǿСְϣʼתĹʵĺɫϢǵھҲɢˡ
ʱˣй֪Ϻͺ׼ԡ

лУѧУʦļͥʦԽ´ȿѧѧУ
ƽ̱̬˵Ѿˡ
ѧԣѧУĴ£ǵʲôأѾˣǲСһڼңǰ鷳ᣬסѧУУ𣿡
ʶҸɣУܾ
ЦʦΪŮܹ飬Ů֮ѧУţУֻҪһһᣬʦиŮѧס﷽ЩҾûǰøҪʦʦأ
ƽ̵ͷʦ˵öԣҿǷףỹøҪʦ
ԵˣУԼ࿼ӢǺͲӲȻȥ緹
Խһ·Ŵ𰸻ˣӢȳԷ˵Ŀ⻹ʣȰѴ𰸶Գ
֪߼Ǳ׼𰸣ܿ֡
ο֪ϵĴ𰸣ѧʮңеĿ۷ִĻǿʮ֣ոչߡ
һٷֵľӣֻҪܿʮ߾ܱ¼ȡ

ľھһſѧǰɼˡ
֪Ŀ˾ʮˣĿ֣֡
ѧʮˣʮţΪĲһ֣سж
ܹӢӵĳɼĵľ̫ˣ˵ģĶһһֵģܾѧ
ľʦĵģȥУҪľ
ӢһȥǼҳҪľȿѧҪƽͬ£ھָҲãȥ
ľûӢ޻˵
ʦƫ˷磬Ӣ϶Ҫ
νѧͣˣ֪бҵ֮ʲôһһû
˰ɡ
ҵľʦģøոմӺħצ½ų಻װҪְ鲻ãô죿
ӢˣָǺͲӲ˵ãھȻȥܱˣ㣬Ҫúͬʱˮ˭
ûӾȻǸӾġ
Ӣ
ѺﵽӪſڣվС˵ȺԶ緹ʱ鷳֪ͨһ£ˡ
ǸӲͷھӪſڶŴ̫վһ磬ûһ¡

Զ֪ӢѺӷŵӪſڣһֱȵԷĺˣųѺʳȥˡ
Сӱɹշ졢ͷ̣վڵС˵һ綼ûŲӡ
ҵһľǿ
ӢܣǾ۳⣬ҪǺˣӰһӡ
ԶֻһСʱʲôϿ˵ȵҾͲıԹˡ
ͰѴϴοʼѹͲй˳
ϴжõļûϣҪȥѧУݰְ¸ԾⲻΪһ𣿡
ԶӢΪʲôĴ¶ν̬ȣų׼ŭӢ
뵽ĴɩӣǲģǸСͷˣƫԼҵĺӣܲС
Զ㣬ݼҵļˡϺ𣿡
ҡҡͷҿ˾Ҫһ°ֲû
ԶԿǣǮżǮƾʲô˵æĻ
ԶԺҵŮһҪܻܵҪϴôȥ̯أųϼҵŮѧڼҸũһʦŮѣΪʲôֻ
ݰְҺ赼ŰֲɵģʲôԹ
ңҡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһݣ;ӦҪ͸ħһ
Ҳ˵ƵĻȥ
һ˵Ӿһˮˡ
ԶСͷзʡļ󣬼㣬ǺͲӲӸС˳ͻ˭
붼룬ǿ϶ð
ԶͷͺãסֻǺͲӲӣԵ˸ûϵʮĿǰҪĽ׶ѧϰȥɣǸˣǼûӹ
룬һȫȷʵ˵
壬ǮȥֻϳԼ˿档
ԶЦȷܻϣ
˵ģѧҪͨˣͽǮȥѧУҷˣҿ϶ܻ㡣
ʱĳŵ֮ǰӦҲôͼǲסأ
ҲûڣҲ֪һݣ;иְ֣Ҹְֶûˣ˭أ

ӢߵѧУǿҼ£лУͬľ
ʦľӴȷʵϿĿ˾ŷ֣ʵľĻҲûô۸Ǻġ
Ŀ۷ֵȽϴǾ˵ѧУʦԺӡ
Ӱ̫ˡ
ǵʦŮ֮ǰں˲ٿְ࣬ҪٴõķСѧУҪżġ
Ǻȷʵеԩˣһ־ͼˡ
л̾˿϶ʦľĶĿ۷ϣһ֡
ʮ֣żܱ¼ȡ
Ӣлղžɫôһ¡
Ͼ͹֪ϻҪڸд꣬пܻᱻֵʦİ༶ӢþգΪ⼸ָʦϡ
ֻҪúѧС
ƽĳȰӢͬ־ΪʲôҪúǿһеˡ
ӢЦʦԼĿģ̫ƤˣС˾һ༶Լһ£֪ϿѧУܹܵסٲٵġ
⵹Ǹɣƽ˰û˵ʲô
ڼĹ֪ϴ˸磬֪˭ڱ˵ء

Ӣʱܺã·ȥӪſڣѾ뿪ˡ
˼ңĸõûӣѾʿˮˡ
裬ˣҿˡ
ôȳأ
˵粻ȳԡ
˼˼ߦӢᲢ˵ѧУҷֵ£ĺܣһĸ֪ʹɫ
֪֧֧ĵ㣬ļǺȥģӺͼѪأ˵ϸԡ
ӢµԶĽˣʵֻ˭㻨Ǯģ
ֺõ˵Ҷġ
Ӣʲôѽ
ҭסˣôʵİɡ
˵ͨѧԣͽǮ㲻һֶûȡɣ
ǾͲˣϹһֱĸǮ㻨ǮҪծˡ
ңھʵȥͦõģܸ֪һѧϰԺܱһ
ӢЦҰҪһֻһžȥˣοʧˣѹû淸ǰ֧ȡȥĸϴжܰ׳һټ˿棬Ǻܿĵġ
ˣǮҾͲˣֱӻˡ

ǲ֪ΪʲôûﾹȻЩѹ

緹˯һᣬѾˡ
һֻ˵úԡ
Ѿӷ޿κΣٵϰΪˡ
һֻųԹ𣿡
УѼص졣
Ӣӵ£Ӣ˵лУһ֣˳ѧˡ
ľӣĶ˺ü֣УǿǵʦۺϿǸһ֣߶ӡ
ҪǷֵƽİ༶ӵʦԺٸʲôһΪʦΪ֮ģݾͳ˦Сʦˡ
ҵȡ֪Ϻ;ֵҵİ༶
Ӣ˵òˡ
˸ʦصʦ£ǶʦŮСʦãһӡ
Ҳϣ͹֪Ϸֵʦİࡣ
̫ûôɹˣȥϺϰ˾ûʱˡ
Ҳȥ̲ôÿθӢջķᡣ
ˮͰϽЬӢĸȥϺ
Ӣź߿һۣһĽʯȺɫ쵣Ͷࡣ
ѡ˸ɫģһֵϺܶ࣬ټϺкüֻ
ϲЦտӢãÿա
ǺͲӲæֶֻãӢ״ϣЩд̵ģǴץ
˺ܿջ˰Ͱ

ʱ´Ҳˡ
̲˭˽вƲܲܲ
»ݴˣµľն
̲ס򺫾͹֪ϣһһԼҵСãͰߣֹС
Ǹø硢þ˾ˡ
еĴкհ̡ʦãһϢŶ찢̵
Ӣһۣô£СҪкӾ
ʾҲ֪
ӢЦǹϲѽҲ۰ˡ
ݽĺܣţԺѸﵱһТ˳
¸жСԼҲһôƯ¡֪жŮء
˺üֶӡǰǣ뻹ŮТ˳
żµǸǽá
ϵֻ׬⣬СѾͷð
ϱӰ͵˷ԺⱲӶԸҲòȥ
׵ϲŮˡ
¿һʯȺĺ࣬Цúϲ£죬ҸŮǺá
˸ۣӢСʲô¡
ҲòϣСȷʵãõľմ⣬Եûк³ǣһС
ⱩƢСϱûٸǺǵĶ󣬶˵ֵúǻҲûɡ
֪磬ǼܲסǸͷ򹷣ѹ֪ϵУԡ
ⱲĸСյһңǰݡ
Լɿ˺Щ鲻һˣһЩϱӵı硣
ˣӢҪĸӵ
Ӣϣνģʺǣû
Ҳͬ⣬ҲҪ裬ռұˡ
źһѾˣ裬
ǻȸԾҮֶ衣
ͬ⣬ӲӾͬ⡣
֪Ͼ㣬Ҹƽġ
ܣӢԶ˵һҸ϶˵һ£ͬˣϸס
Уؼʡ
ϸףӢֿ˼ʵɫĬĬ̾˿
л˵
Ҫϼ죨8.6ţĸƳٵ2330
лһ·ֵ֧СʹǣµС


20 
ѾܵĸСԱ, ׷ź棬磬ҸܺһϺ𣿡
Ѿ˽ѵ, ҲǵѾ˸Ͳôˡ
תͷ˿Ӣ˵⽸ʯȺǶҵˣҶɡ
ݳڴӢ
Ӣѽ, ֲ̲˭˽еģ˭ܼ񡣡
ллհ̡
ѾһֻϺȲ, ûץϺľ, ϺĴǯӼסָʹȥקϺȴ˿ڸʹ
ݼ˿ȭͷСʯͷܹȥ, е, ַŵʯͷϡ
СʯͷϺֻǯӶҶ, һŰϺߵ˺
, Ϻβء
ݶʯͷ, Ϻû⣬ûóԣһ£ץ㡣
ú, ҲбŮТ˳һ졣
۰, ĳӢҫ, Ӣ, ĸСûҸŮТ˳
ץһص㣬̧ͷһЦҿɻˣԡ
ǾǻҪȥ˼
Ӣһһû
Ϻʱ˸䡣
ӢѾץ˴ͰһҪǳȥˣѼӽϣǲӲӣǻȥˡ
˰еϧһƬкöء
֪Զĺˣ˵һҪǳˣǻȥɡ
к̧ͰӢǣС˽ʯȺ
ͷѣ찢̡ãҲϿ߰ɣǳΣյġ
ҪѴͰװſߣ޲Ӣߣû˸ˡ
֪֪ˣؾͻذɣǡ
֪ϵ찢̣ʮӳˮҪˣǿҪʱ䣬ǳǺܿģ˴ѿʯȺȶѡ
ˣù֪ԼԼһͰͲñ˼ɱѻˡ
ӢŹ֪ϼ򣬡ȰҪĹ߰ɡ

ô˵Ӣ˸ۣϺкָԶĽʯȺ˵Ǳߺܶ࣬ȥǼɣǳˣǧ̰ģȻʹˡ
صԳϫյĲҪ̫׼ȻлӢ֮ϤˮԵͰϽȥˡ
Ӣ˼˹ȥİɡ
Ӣ£һǨŭͷϣˣߵʱҲѣ»£˭ֲˡ
Сӣ찢̲治˳ɣҪҪ˵һҲðɣ
ȻСãһ£Ҳһִˡ
˵ǾҸɶӵģ֪ͨˡ
ӢһᵽҺȥӪմ˵һȻǾͲҪˡ

˼ң·ȥӪˡ
ӢͰĺľƽ֡
ϺֻֻҪһֻﺢӶ࣬㡣
ϺҲһ࣬Ӣ˵ֿŪ̫鷳ˣδϺٸһ룬ʡˡ
Ҳһ͵
ϺһֻһֻϺϺͷ࣬Ƭۣ쳣
ϺϺߣһֻֻεģϺãˡ
Ӣʵմ˵𣿡
˵ˣ˼٣˵ȥ
û˳ȥزꣿϾóԵĶࡣ
ĹϽĺðɣҪΪԷС´ˣǸһݺˡ
ҲС
ӢװһϺһ뺣ŵֽǺͲӲȥõĽϺ

ãԺ³ˡ
ӢҵԺӣӢ˵̰ķҪͰߣǳ߲ڽʯϣ˵ˣͰûˡ
˵ģ洬ҲҿʯմҴӲӵ˳ͧϾ£Ͼιȥȵġ
ºݶ͵ҽԺˡ
ɫˣҿ˵صɩӹȥȻµһңҵ˶Ҫ
Ӣϵˣ۶ѣԴûй
˵ţţŭ壬Ӣҳ¾ڼҵͷڹꡣ
ûӷ財
Ӣȥţ֪ˡ

ոմҽԺҽԺжˣ¶ֵӢͷϣӢʦġ
ӢռҲǺ۸ģǳʿģҺô˺Ӷû£ȻҲŹġ
ʿãһʿӢðɡ
ʿǸв˵ģôˣռҳŻˣΪŴİҲǣİ趼ʿ˵𣿡
УҾ۸ôˣб¿Լ¸Ҵһܰ⿿Ƥвƨá
ĲһҪҺԶ쵼㡣
ӢЦʲô캦£ȷܸӮ𣿡
ӢǼһȥϺΪʲôС̺ݶڽʯȺԼˣСеС̰ģôຣ϶ʱ䣬Ϊʲôһߣ
źأôȻĹͷҲҪذɣǳǻ˵ģ
Ǻǡ
Ӣ̲סЦ˳ͦ˽£֪ıԣ͸òȥϺȥϺ£ôлأ

ȥˣ⾹ȻǸСĽĺͰ׵̡
Ľô̵Ķͺˡ
̣ôô
嵽Ӣĸǰ
£Ǹ˵ǳʱ䣬ǿ߱㣬һȥӪ壬ǣ㻹ûˣ
ģ̣ҸҶҾȥ֤˵һҶ͸ˣ
ɫףҡһ͸ˣ
˵ǻ͸ˣΪʲôӳԱǿĶӣΪʲôӲ棬㿴ңһأҾ͸棬㡣
˼ŵĿźǡ
գӢСģ̸ﷸ
ӢǣǺǻʱ֤һУҪþһ㣬ǽĳɾ͡
תߡ
ЩģˣСѧʦǺͲӲӽҪ꼶ء
Ӣҿǵˣȥ꼶һ꼶ôǺͲӲӣ¡
η壬ڸҿɺˣ̸۸ңҾ۸ӣʹ
࣬ھСɵˣڿǵĸȷ
ǣܴôӶ޹ģ۸ѽҴ˵Ĵƾʲôӳеأ˵Բԣ
ԣծӳ쾭塣
˭⻰ģ
˵ϼʱ򿴵˴ܣġ
Ӣ̫ѨԶСŵ϶ǲǵħͷ
һ仰л޶ĸѾˣͲҪ۸˺òã
ðɡǿӦĻ

ϺԶʱﻹڳ
ӢҶõ
ԶӢǳˣ
Ӣ˵ӦմһʱͿʼ˶аСʱˡ
Զת׼ȥҹȥ
ȥ鷳ˡӢںͷ
Զͣһ£ͷεմˣҲ˵ǲĵܵãһ¡
ӢĬĬ̾ѹֺԶ˯ĺܲȣȥɡ
ԶȥӢܵңԺĸ
ǡÿԺӵǽϣӢһѹӪȥ󣬸ھûˣ˵̫С塣
һᣬȷʵԶ˵ʲô
Ӣ֪մҵ˫̥㣬Ұͨҽ֪ոӪи˫̥㣬˵𣿡
֪ϱ¥Ϲֲˣ˼ƣֱ˥ҽ
̾ոӪ˫̥⣬һ֮ǰʧ¥ϹֲˣһѹļûУѲˡ
ϱӣҲȷʵûѹ
ѹ֣Զ˵մ˫̥ʱ
Ӣʵ˽ǹô
Ϊ˻Ļǿܾһȣܾȵù
ӢմҵĽе⣬߰С࣬ˣǹҲҪĸֵչһӣ˵ԸԼӶģôԴýأ԰ѹҲ粻ء
ӢܰѣȴȲʱֻա

Ӣҳؼϴһᡣ
ûһԶմҼһˡ
˵մҽԮѾһѼıķ˵̣ͬ⣬˳Ĳɿ
ȥǾͲˣ
Զ˵˵ٳͰմҵ߽ȥϢˡ
մҼҵ飬ӢܣˣҪӵ϶ͬˣͬ𣿡
ԶͷʼʹˣҲð˵ͬУǸǵû
Ƕͬģ
Ӣסһ㷴أû뵽ôȣлл
Զˣʹƺһ
Ӣæɿȥѣ˰ҿ
ܺôء
Զæһ£һСˣû£˯ɡ
ӢòԣղŸñģ˶䣬ѵģΪʲô
вҿ
Ȼͬ˯һ𣬵ЭޣԶһֱܱأûӢ滻·
ɫ̣û¡
Ӣѷŷϣһᶯ̫󼸸Сܹ
ԶҷǵÿʲôˣҪң

ԶֲִӢֻܱȥˡ
ԼɴѪѾ˳
Ӣ֪˵ԭǰѧҽģΪ׵ҽ¹ʣ˵ҽˣܵӰ죬Ŷȥķ˼в˹
ԼܣһЩ˻ûġ
Զϵ˿糤ǺǲĻ˵ѵǿȣ˿ڻѿ
ӢʣôûȥҽԺأ
ҽԺӪظֲԶ
ԶһСˣͺˡ
ܣӢ죬Ⱦ鷳ˣ·ȥҽԺ
ԶεͷȥҽԺвУ
ҽԺ˳ɷԶһƬȥ
ӢԶԶ浱ɵӰ
Զȥֻ̹׵ʵȥҽԺˣû뵽ҷǶγģ˵˰ɣʿһ٣˵ҲӦҽԱֻȻˡ
öγĸ룬֫ӴԸˡ

ӢΪʲôӵĻµˣ˷֣С£ʲôġ
Ҿ˵ǰ޼ϵҽԺˡ
Զ죬μھУеӢô֪ģ
ʵô֪ģ
˳ɷҵģᰡǶԺģ˳ҵġ
Զû˵
˳ɷ綼ܴϢϼǱߵܲ͸磬үүΪʲô绰˵һ
ǲ˵μҰγĵʱ˱ܹŵģǡñ˳ɷ֪ˣ
һ룬˵㡣
Ӣ·ϣûҽģȥҽԺҸɡ
Զʵʧ˻ܼǵô룿
Ӣ˸˵ǣǲģһЩרҵ֪ʶҽԺ豸ߣ߰ɡ
Զʵǰ˺𣿡
ӢҡͷʱûС

ҽԺ֮ǰĻʿܶμжԶγΪչˣԶٴιòϱ϶ʱÿ
ϣҲûжٲˣֵҹĻʿ붼ڻʿ̨˵ʲô
ٴηصľ˼ˣҪҲĽడ
ǿ̫µļοղȷʵǻʿΪӪҪǰȥ룬ֲֵûˡ
ⲻӪССʿѾɢˡ
ӢСʿһֺȸԾٻɫֺЦֵ̬һһġ
ֻлʿͶγĵɫһ
ʿǻγ
γĿһսεӢѹ
Ӣһǰȱ仯СϵôǿԽԽףһ㣬㣬ĳ
ֳֻʮŮϿ
Ȼûб䣬ܾӢһǰһˡ
ѵԶûз仯

ǰҽԺϣԸγıĲᣬӢƱĵİͷת˻ȥ
ʿܶμУĻ̣Ӣ˹Ҳģǰȷˡ
ͬ־ԼҪģһС¶ѣ㻹ݼֵҽԺǲ̫Сˣ
ȺԶڣӢһƿľ׮Ƶˡ
ⳡһˣ˵ʲôǴϾݸš
Ӣʲôأɷֻǲǰ޷룬ôˣ㻤ʿ֪飬ǰޣμɣѽ쵼ҺԶ쵼ߣһȥ
ʿӢܡ
ǰôˣǰҽߣ˾͸ô󷽷ģôһ˶֪γĵǰ˾˾ˡ
ֵҹͲãӢ鵽ҽ֡
ʿԼûдǼ˽ֿҪΪһ̸ҽԺҽͲ˵£ʲôǰ޺޵ģԼö𣿡
ӢЦҽ滹ǶγĹأҪ̹ҲǸСˣȫôҽԺѡҪһǧ๫ϵΪʲôҲŻʿû
Զˣ֪ĿĽӽ㻹ȥ룬˭.ȰҴȣҾףɷոҼýãȣԼҴȥ
ԶûʶӢһ棬˵ƤֺһΧϱʿܣվԭز֪Ǻá
ǵӢǾ䡮ˡԶ࣬ӿһ˿ȸԾ

ӢֱװѶγǵ㰵ƣγĳûҽԺ˳ȥ
⻹꣬ӢǹҺţ㰲Ÿɡ
ʿͷˣ˵Ҳԣ˶ˣбԼ찡
߹߸ң
иСʿ׼ƾӡߣսսĵɩӣɣ㲻ҪͶǻʿ𣿡
ӢЦôɰǿҾͲƽˣɣǰѧҽģ롣
СʿסˣӪЦÿʱѽ
ʵνҽԺ˽¾۹žеĴҽԺϵǺˣŲǰ
ǻҪģͷ˭ԭһֱأ

ӢԶ˿˶ָ˿ڸļỬ£͸һܽȥȻʱͲôˡ
СʿĹӢѾˣһ롣
ɩӵŷƯӪüͷûһ¡
С˿ǲҩģǷǺ۵ģ˼ǿüͷһµҲټ
ԶղĴòĴԿհףʶȷʵۡ
ӢЦǣϱ룬ôء
Զ˼ıȥȷʵ۵ģѵ̬йأ
СʿЦɴ˿ڡ
λɩʵܴȣͻʿ̬Ⱥļһֵ쵼
СʿӢͦģǶν㲻ȣȥ͹ȥˣαٸ˼ҷ¡

ҽԺȥ·ϣӢԶģҲ¶γͻְ棬뿪ϵ
š
ҪˣԶӶӢǾֱ׳ġԶˡһûôù
ӢתͷߵˣԶȻǷۺɫССݡ
ɫʲôһﶯˣΰϲ
ԶʮˣôСһأ
ֻЭޣһºԶϲˣⲻɣ
ٴתͷԶϵķۺɫʧˡ
Ӣ顣
ԺԶͼʵ㲻϶á
ģ;Լ֣֪Ϻͺôĸ
Զղŵ̬ƾи˳ԴˣССаɡ
ҿղûʳڣȻˣӢһ·û˵
ߵſڵʱ򣬺ԶͻȻ˵ӢܺӹܵͦõģģһûУܸмǶ˲٣õķı䣬ĹͣͰķȥ̺ǡ
ӢְܳϿˡ
˯ҹܰﺫԶӿָ˿ڣ˿ڰţȲߵʱҲܺãҲᷢ֡

ڶγĹȻ˵ְ棬ҽԺ쵼Ѿ¡
»治ȫּԼ˱ţ˭Ҫ֣οֻҪ󻻸˰
һ²һ£쵼ʹĸγĵĵְˡ
γ֮ǰȥ˾Ӫҵί˵Ҫ»㱨
ίͷۣԶǰҲ֪ô£飬һ̶ܵȣֻͷ£ͼʲôأ
ί̲ס溫Զ˵
Сͬ־Ȼ˾ǰ˲֪ԶǸ̹׹ģǱǸȡЭѾٻ飬ƻ˻ǲµģαؾŲء
γı˵Ϸ죬βΪŮ˽飬Ϊѡվ淢ġ
ίҲǸССģһӢβϵ۲ӢѺԶܿңҲ޷ӽӢǰźʵˣ߹۲֤ɡ

ƽˣԶڴ鱨ʱ֯Ͼ͵Ӣļͥ
⹫ҽ˸ҽݣ㹫˽ӪֻһŮʹͽܵ˸ʵҺģŮҲӢĸס
Ӣ߼⳥ܵգҽֵѧУģӰӢıҵ䣬Ӣҽеġ
ӢĸǹƬСθ׷ﷸʱ
ӢʿŮ
װ׵ļʿγľٱ񣬼ƽβܽܡ
ƽӣγʧķ裬ʲô֤֤Ӣ񣿡
ƽķŭ˶γĵĲʣԶ쵼ƫӢİȫ
ȥˣԵ˷ӵĿڹ˷ӽȷӢѾûˣϳȥģһôֻ˹ѵ𣿡
ƾվסŵɻӢ̫ˡ
ƽ²⣬״̬ҽԺйƵӣ˶̫ƽˣͻȻѹƾ˼񡣡
۾´γģУʲô;֪˷ӵĿڹ
γһʼ˵ʵ磬ݿڹǴ칫ҵĵ͵ġ
˷ӽ˼СǾеģϵĹ˾еĹЭ飬ﾯԱ̸ᵽ˺ǻӢ಻סﵽİ칫ңһ͵ġ
˵ʵȥҸ絥λͬµ̸֪ġ
ƽŰɣ˵绰ҶΛJʵ
ΪӢֹͣȥǲûô۸ġ
㻹ʲô֤ݣ
γĲ˼飬⻹
Ӣʧ䣬һ٣ƫƫǲסˣǹģǾȻҲţҲ˼ٰģȻ󰲲嵽Ժ̽鱨
ƽ亹ˣǳ˵ôҵһģһ
һģһˣǶӢһ£ʸһһ𣿡
ƽЩ仯ʧб仯ǲ
γֱ׳ҪȥˣҲ²֯Ȱźѡû뵽˷ȹˣýŵĻңʬ壬֪滻ԭӢ
ȻĻӢɽΪʲôҪ˳ɷأǵС˵ͺˣӢҪ룬θܵĶ磬ɱȲϹ˳ɷ磬˳ɷѡְ͵ˣⲻǺܿ𣿡

ƽͷҲɣŵֶŮ϶ޣ˵϶൱ԵģҲܻӢ
γļƲӢ׵ʱ϶ʮҪԵ׵Ժ׵ԶȻֶӢϲĵط̫ˣһҪúò顣
֤𣿡
γҡҡͷûˣѵЩ쳣𣿡
ԭûʵ֤ݣȫƾ˷Ӽ仰֤ʾͺƲ⡣
ƽԽ˵Խˣ˼ҪϾ·ͥε֪𣿡
γĿƽϡ࣬ġ
ɵҶгˣҪǲ顢ܣҾϱߵ쵼ȥˣʱίҪܴ
ƽ޵Ķʸвˡ
ĲУγвģܣô.еⱨȥ֪˭ء
ڲ
֮󣬼ƽҲŹñӵĶγġ
ˤһٱϵγĸǰĵͷٱУ벿飬ԼдʵٱţҸ㣬Ҫǰ֤Ӣ׵ģҪģһܸܲ㻹ʵٱ𣿡
γһ壬дʵٱţ֮ٱӢ

ٱӢγίֺ£뵽ĳ谮ʲôףһ㡣
׼һ㣬γĲŸȥҼƽٱġ
ΪҲΪ˼¡
ôţγһ㣬ȥĳɸеĽʦл㡣
γĸ£Ϳ޿˵ˣл̣ҽӢٱˡ
лǿ⼸ӳģԶ費кͰﺫԶμҶŻ£Ǻܿõġ
γĺͺԶżˣ˸Э
ȻǶγģ鲻£ԶȢȢĻǱȶγĸƯĽСϱκһŮ˶ܲˡ
γģǲ޳ɶγľٱӢ
Ӣʲôþٱأ
ǺԶʳõʦӢ˸ԵӮʳõĹǿӢԼı£ٱҲûð
ֻǾٱӢŰСӢСķʽС֮£˹ܲš
ϻŮȥ绰ٱҲûá
л㵹˱ˮγģٱʲôأպԶûʲôʵá
γһ㱣ʶûУ˵ҸղȥҼίˣٱӢί϶Ҫ˰Ӣߣӵ顣
ŴסӢҸڣȥӴõѡˣôί񣬻ء
Ӣ
ʲôЦ
л㲻һ˸ߵڼԺֵ󲿷ּ
ŮǺԶȥ鳤٣ܽô۵㶼ᱻڸһӡ
ĸ쵼ĵһʱͱԼһ
ǼƽҲѡմȥӹ۲
γڵһ仰ܶŮһӵǰ;
лʶԣվǳ⣬ҿǻͷˣôܵҵй¶֪ʲô𣬻Ųӵľߣ
ԶγʧѣĿѹֺԶͷβ㣬Ҳ㡣
Ҿ͵ûû˵Щھߣ

ⱧϵѾһ亹
лУһְ£Уͬѹ֪Ϻͺֵһࡣ
˵ˣû뵽ſôشϢ
ûУˣ¥
Ӣǿ϶ģӢǹ׷֯ģӢϱӢٱЭһش鱨֯
ǿϧϱӵӢȷʵϵǴΣಡˣ˳ɷһӶûٻһƻ˷ŻһԸ˹֪Ϻ͹˲Ӳӡ
ⱲӢûΪԼĺЧӦӢһ𣬿ԴƱӢ
γĺܣǶμҵŮ


21 
֪˷ǳ, ϱҲ֪ġ
ΛJĸಡõʱҲŴԵಡ, û˺
ΛJܲ˴շಡǲҲΣա
˸Ӥ˵ǵŮ
Ǹճû˺ŮüﱣķͳȥҸطúðᡣ
θÿ궼ȥĹؼǸûԵֵŮ
ϱӼ϶ʱ, ǡθŮġ
ϱӵĶγ˲ٳ飬Ƕμ, ĶΛJ֧ӳλ, û취ְϧĺܡ
ⱲӢӢ, , ²ꡣ
أγĲǶμ, ûκ˵, ϾǶθľ, ʱĶγĻǸСӤ
ǶγԽԽ֣۸ѾͲС
ܻؼңдһŵĸţ˵˶ʮǰ, Ϊס, θӤ˸ճûϢŮ
ĸй֧ӵĶΛJӳ, ҲǶγĵĸ硣
Ȼ֪µ˲, ǽҽȥıķ֪ġ
һ֧ӵĶӳҪϵ࣬Ӧúװɣ

һţĸӷֱҪȥСѧ͸бӢҲҪȥʳϰࡣ
ͦȻѹ֪ϺͺҪһࡣ
һȥѧУӢȥСѧ
Զʵ治𣿡
쿪ѧ˰٣ǺӢ˵ò
㿴ⶼźˣæġ
Զˡ
ӢʲӲӣðְȥѧУвУ
ǿ̫ˡ
˵壬㻻װɣ˧㡣
ԶҪࡣˡ
Զ£Ӣ˵ˣҲȥһӪʳϰˡ
ô¼ȡ˰
Ӣ⣬ֻ벻ףʲôʦıһλһ˾ļ
Զմϻس˸ȹ˵ݹʱУ쵼ͬˡ
մڵĽ
Ӣþ˸ӴŵݻʱմĽˡ
쵼ȻͬˣӡҲۿۡ
Զ̾˭˵أͺѧȥϰɣҪǸֲľͱˣǿ
Ӣĵǲڵġ

Ӣôô٣㿴һˡ
ϰܵ⣬ռѧΪģܼ
˿ǰһѾһСˣӢռٸɻ
ָһ˵ӵĻһһ룬ɲ͵
Ӣͷ˵һһܹƽ
ָʦҾµܶԣѽĻһ֣˭˭Ъţ㿴ô
УҾͰѹһ֡
ֺǺǵģȴϰ£ӵʦίŵرҪ۲죬жӢǲ
ôҪ񽻵һ°೤ϣѹܴʧˡ
ԶǰҲ̫ˣƾŲ²͸Ҿٱͬ־񣬻вί飬
Ӣ񣬵γʵٱǿ϶Ҫе鱨棬Ȼô
ʦίˣӢкüв˹Ĵҵ飬ҴС⹫͸׺ѧҽ飬ҽǹ۲ص㡣
֯ʮǰΪ׼ȥաѧҽҲ̫ˡ
ԣֻҪӢĵմﵽҪ󣬻ҽݱдȥϴɡ

ӵôӢݲŲɣǡͷܲܶһʱ̴Ӧˡ
һӣӢ£Եûôۡ
̫ˡ
ʦЦȻˣôʦӢҴ֣в˰ɡ
»ΪƽǴһ£Ƿֿв˶ʦ⹤Ĳƽ
ʦأͶߵ쵼ǣ¡
ûմʲôʱþ㻻˾ʩ
ŵĲ˵ˣһʱѾմҺŮ죬Ϲڡ
Ӣײ˰ӰʦҪк˿ʮ嶹ʦôС
ʦⶹô
г׵ķο飬
ȽϺҪȴмƬһȻٿʼУд飬˿жˣ⻮¡
в˵ĹӢеļ򵥣ʱ䳤ǶͰ˶ˡ
ŷӣʵʦл𣿡
ʦսսݽӴĳӣһ˶˵ٶȣв˴̫ˡ
Ц̫ˣҲûʲô˿ˣҪ°ɣ
Ӣ˿ʱ䣬뻹أھߺ𣿡
ֺùˣ˿ߣͬ־ҪǰĻ꣬Ҳߡ
ǸֻƴļӿٶȣûãӻǲϵģӢֻвˣһߣȴܡ

Ӣߺ³ȥѺԺɨˣȻž˿Ĵϸڱ˼¼˲ͷĺˮϻеˡ
漸죬ֵֽܲӵ쵼ˣӢ˼Сˡ
աȫ۲¼ãʦˣҽҪˣӢʧ䰡е鷳
չ˵ϾòãСգ˵⹫Ͱְֶҽˣûķӣ
Ӣɫˣ飬԰ҩһ¾ܻ⡣
ܸɫֱ没֢ӣҽͨжϲ֢װģ
Ȼ˵ȷʵЩǰشҩҰֵҽߵģҿҩʦҳ𣿡
ΪҧһᣬҿӣҾ͸Һȡ
˰µҩɫˣվһҲʹˣϱı⼫ˡ
Ӣǿʦ¸׶Ҫҩ֮ǰҩҲƼˣҩҪݲ˶죬ҳҩҿɲŶ
ͷ¸׶εҩڿҰɡ

ʦίӢͬ־ĵǾģĳգλԳڿӵ洫ˮƽ˵һЩᣬ˰ҽð
ǴСĿȾ̳еҽ˭ܿóôЧҩأԣҾöӢͬ־ĵͻɿԽˡ
ƽȷϣӢķã
ʮ㣬٩Ҫǲţϱ
ƽһ죬û˼ˣǷӸҡ
ӢĽһһҩɲҳԣҵķӲһʺ㣬СٿһŷӺˡ
ƽĺ˼תͷʦ룬㿴أ
ʦı棬ͷϼѲһ£ͷϱɣöγСַҸ״
УھͰ졣
ƽ˿üͷЦʵӣɵĺܺãôüͷء
ԥʦίиҲ֪ò˵
˵
Ӣͬ־ĵ׼Ĳ˼顣
ô˵ƽ档
еǸóÿһһףӻȥȳӴĻֱ⵶ľ׼ȣҹªţȷʵûһҪҪдȥأ

Ӣϰ˿һˣʦ죬˼СˣʣµʱвˣżἸ䣬ӹû˳ġ
߸˳ģԶǲ鷳ģ֪£ܴСģѧӢֻҪһһ˾С
СϲȫҶޣ˵ƨƨߵġ
˵ȹؾҪ̫үүԣ϶̫үүһԼ붼˷ܵĲˡ
ôݣӢֱǰƬĸоϣǴɡ
ڲӬӻǱȽ϶ģǳ֪˵ԭǰںһ÷Ӭı£˸Сͽء
ⱾӢҲᣬùëϸ룬ʮڣһһӬʮڶڳǽϣüСƽкá
ǺҪ̲ɡ
Զؼңǽ϶ĲӬ˿Ӣв˼顣
Ӣɣ˵֪˵ǰͻ⼼ܣһ£׼ͷǿԵġ
ԶͷҲԺҪڳԣһŲӬŹֶĵġ
ӢӦˡ
۲쵽ԶƵɫʵôؼҰ
Զæû
ӢʲӲӣֽ𣿡
Ӳҡҡͷоְֵܵ䡣
˵岻ˣʲôѽ
ԶεЦ˵ģôС֪ˣסдҸӻˡ
ӢȰ
֪㶵ģļ޺ûˣǰļ䣬˵ʵҲǵˡ
Ӣæʵˣأ

ڵʢڽֵϰ࣬Ӵҵʯ࣬˵Ӣǰţӣʢһĸ߰Ӵ
Ȼ˵ϵӢʾԴԺһӾͷѧˡ
ʯ˵ϾӢڲǹ֪ϵļ໤ˣӢڵóȻŲãȥд˵Ӣ°֮鷳ʢ绰֪һٹ
ȻʢֱӴ绰Զˡ
ʢ绰ԶúԶȥӢǰţ°Ĳ̫
ôȥʳӢأ
ѽӢڣԲŴ绰ȥӪҺӪģֻתϢǺӪԼҪȥӵġ
ʢ뱧ſϷ̬ȣɷ򣬡˵ӢǰѽӶҪҹ᲻Ӣʲô£
ôô룿⡣
;²򵥣ǰӢھȥܵǧ֮ϵֹ˵ͨѽ
ӱ£ˣҴˡ
㲻򵥣¶ҲҴģʯɷƽһλҪ쵼ͨˣôʯǧһˣҲͨ¡

裬֪ϡ
Ӣʯӵٰ޴Ĺ֪ǰһ
ƺӢ֮ǽС衯ʯǼ򵥵ӣһûǰк
ԲʲôԭȰѹϵá
ûм̳ԭļǼ£ʧܽܶ鷳
֮ǰϤ˸ǰװԸЩ仯ҲΪʧɵġ
ʯЦʧԸ仯ǰϽҡ衯ⲻܹǣûһλĸ׵Ρ
ֲֿ֪ʡ
Ϊˡ
ʵǰھҲҹһأǴν⣬˵ȻĲҪӣھͱңٵϣΪĸ׻
ʯ൱ʱûˡ
Ǵι֪ʵͦĸף˵ĸλǳŮˣһȷʵ
겻֪òϣԥĿӢ㡭
Ӣ.裬оͽУҲûϵȵİĿҲУ㡣

ʯϴ·УȥСӱ֮⣬ϵӢӽţα仯ܴ
ҲûָӻҪĿģ϶ӣΪӢġ
һرĲͬ־ҵɷɷ˵֯Ҫһǰϱǲ
¹ϵش󣬲ǰӡӢɷһңʯɷ򶼻ܵӰ졣
֯ϣʯܽ̽ӵɣȥӴ۲Ӣûɵ㣬ųɡ
ʯ࿴ſԼݵСӣЦ˵ý裬ûϵģҾ㣬βʱ䣬ԸĻദһ죬ͬ𣿡
֪ϸˣģ
ͷǵʽͽ򡣡
ӢνϾģСӵ뷨Ҳ˹֪ġ
ʺԶʯͬ־һ죬㿴𣿡
ԶͷаȥӪסʯͬ־סͱȥסдˣڡ
ҲС
ԶС˵ǣ͸øҳȥɢɢ
ʱ֪ϣôˣ֪϶˼˵
ǲŲأС˾˵ḷ̌ˣãҲȥ˵𣿡
ʯЦСɰʵС˾˳ԿԲҪİɡ
Цõѽ
ӢѺڻ˵ǳȥϻԡ
ҲˣˮǷˣӢ
ɡӢ˵źȹˮ
Ҫ͵ġ
͵ĹҲУ÷ųԡ
Ǹһʡ
ϱ۸һġ
ǻͷ֪˵С˾ˣ̣Ǵԡ
ӢǮкȥ
ԶǲʯЩ⣬ʯͬ־ӣǣǿ
ȻǣǿˣӢɻŴ󣬹ѻ⳶
ʵʯ࣬˰ɣ
ţ軹ʯͬ־
Զүү˵ĸõ̫ңʯͬ־ȫſ֣ûиҲر
ĸײǣļ޺Ҫӡ
ԶһλĸûкȥμҶģǴΰүүסԺ

Ӣǻʱ򣬹֪ϵľִѾûˣʯ˵ʲô
Сӣǿ衣
ǰѱǣС˾ˡ̣ǿԡ
ʯóĸ˵һμ棬һһ
˲ӲŤͷӢܲá
Ӣͷʾǿá
ǸС֣ѾѺļ˳һǰ˿˽ǰ˷֣ôĺǵһμʱ򣬳ѹҲ顣
̣ôѽ
ʯЦ㲹ǰѹǮˡ
úǼĵ飬ĸСƽʱ˳ˮȥϴϴ裬Զʰ˻ϴ·ȥӪˡ
ʯ࿴ӢҺԺϴ䣬ɱȳ仹ҪŶʯȥӢ˵οд䣬˼ͼֽúڲæŪġ
ӢһϴģϰڴͷϷһˮ
ʯѾڷˣЦ˵ǺԶ㵹ģɷǸϱġ
Ӣˮһڣ̲ˮĳְߵҩˮǺԶģҩ϶ǺԶŵġ
ܣͨҩЧӢȥˡ

ҹʱʯӢѡ
Ӣһ£װ˯
ĬĬ̾ʯΪģôݱ˰ɣ
Ӧòܵȡ֤׶Σһºˡ
ûһʯ࿪˵ƣӢ󱳵·һҺͿĨϷĵط
Ӣи̥ǣҺӦĳҩˮͿֲ֤̥ǻǺαġ
ŪĺƵģҺǴģԭģ²顣
ԣ˭ɾٱأ
Ӣ룬϶ǺԶ˻ɣϵɫ䡣
ûһʯѺɾ·ص˯ˡ
̥һҲˡ
ѾģӢ룬ҵٱǸˣһʮȥ
ڶһ磬Ҹʲôûһ
ǡĩ˸߲Ҫʯȥͷȥ󺣡
Ӣȥʳ٣˵ǰˣһһ¡
ʦͬˣͺͲٶʯദӢ϶ˣʦҲݣȻʦˡ
ǲ֪ôֿʼ飬ǰŹй۲
˼ٻؼңСѸϺĹߺͰ׼ãſȥ
ʦĩҲϰ࣬Ͱ֣Ҹһȥ
Ǹʯ̣ܵҸ衣
ʯõ̬ȸк
硣
ϱǡ˽һ֪裬Ըر䣬вԼҪ
Ҫ˵ɣҲӵ˽£ºˣӽڣСӿ˼ҿƼ˾ǳǮûҹӡ
ʱ϶Ц˵ʯһҩ޶ָԸ䡣
ʯǧϵǿô򵥣ӦûǸγľٱӢйء
ôܵʯͬ־
ԺԶǰ޵ּˣһҪöμ֪γĲǶμҵŮ

˺ߣӢָһƬĽʯȺȥ󼸸ͦʧģӢǵÿζѽԲԣôջأһȥϺ
쵽ʱӢֱͷ˵ϺǺ֪ϴвˣ̨ջ𣬹˲ӲӸװ⣬ֹװס
ʯ࿴Ӣеһָ㣬Ц꼶ôģһͦģʲô취ĸôأ
ӢʵҲûʲôȱĺӸⶮ°ɡ
ʯ෴Ӣ˵ĶԣĸӶȱĶǺãǻϧ
ʱʯȥؿӡ
ҪˣҪҴ绰ԸҾȥԸߣͲȥˡ
Ӣͷй֪ȥ绰֪ϣǮȥ绰˵ȥڻſڽǡ
֪Ϻܸˣһ·Сȥˡ
ʯΣһͬ棬ѻ˵ôԣΡ
Ӣ˽һ˳ɷ磬ͬġ
Ȼ֪ϻʱ˵ͬģʯ㡣
Ӣ͵վȥˣһȥ𣿡
Ӣ첻ʣ´ΰɣС磬´ǺͺһȥвУ
֪ϵʣҸϻؾ˵ˣֻҪͬ⣬Ƕȥ档

˳ɷҲǰͻȻȥѯ˼⣬ǰʲô仯ûУǰĴ̥ǣ
˳ɷô֪أǰӢû֤ء
֪ӢôˣĬʲôûлشͱŻˣʲôҪ˵
Ȼ͹ˣֱȥԺСӣ˳ɷǳӢȥġ
ĸ׶͵ܸܵļ޵ʱ򣬸̸һΡ
ĸ׵˼ǣ˻ҪΪԼ㣬ŮˣѺȫ׸ӣΪԼһΡ
ܸļ޵ȽϺõһʱΪӷ
ʱĹ˳ɷ粻⣬Ϊĸ׼˽
룬ĸ׸ļ֮ǰеǮƶ͵ܵܣռ׸Ļ£׵֮Ÿļ޵ġ
ûТ˳ĸһ죬ʵҲûʸָʲô
԰ñȽϺãʯι˹˳ɷĲ
ӵʯ࣬ĸ˵ദʱ򣬹˳ɷ̲סʵιм˵һ£ҸӢ÷ֿҵĹϣȥ󣬸ǲҪ˵ӢõĲãȷʵҵϡ
ʯֱۣСӶһ˶Ǻһ㣬ⱲӶء
ǵҲʣȻҲڱ˵˭ģˣҲˣҾ׼ȥˣͣԺҹúܺãҲϣǹúá
˳ɷ˵ʲôζ.軹.裬һ㶼ûб䡣

ӢȥЩزɱ͸ɺΣͷܴ󣬸ɱĸͷģθͷҲ󣬷൫ƷʺãʮǮ׼ʯͬ־ȥƷ
ˣ裬ǸСһľͲûôǮˡ
Ӣ̸ǵѹǮʮˣ軹ʮ
ʱʯ͹֪ϻˣʯЦ˵ʱϾߡ
֪˰˳Ʊϰ˵ģȥվͲڼˡ
Ӣʯͬ־ɣȲҪߣı飬ԼӦϴˡ
õزصزһȥɣȻ˼һϵء
ʯûܾزŵ
֪е᲻ãһ費ǰھ˵飬һ赱Ҫؾᡣ
Դ쵽ڣûнйһ衣
Ǹʯ͵˹վӻ֣ллңټ
ʯҲЦŴӴԻ֡
ŤͷЩѹСӵġ
һվ·ʯ˳Ȼ·һγ˾Żһλͬ־
ʯͬ־һĹ۲죬Ӣͬ־̥𣿡
еġ
ʯλͬ־ӹӺͱʣ滭Ӣϵ̥ͼ֮󽻻
̥ṩҩˮùģǺαģλӢͬ־ҸҵĽȻڷֿˣҲĨ
ߣȷû⣬ֻʧ䣬Ըȷʵе仯ʧû仯Ųɡ
λͬ־Ѹټ¼¶ԻһҪ¡
ʻʱȴͬ־ϵ̥ǣҲԭ֪ʲôԭ𣿡
ϾԼĶӣʯǷǳ.еģԺ󶼻鷳ᱻĬԭ
Цǲ˼ӢϯʱӢû֤ͣԳǰûԲô֪û̥ǣ϶ӢΣ֪ʻĿģΪ˱ӢѡĬġ
λͬ־ʵ¼ϣ֤ʻ˾ţʯǩ֡
ʯǩֺ󻹸ȥ˳վ
³ǰλͬ־˵ʵ֮ǰίѾһݱ棬֤Ӣͬ־û⣬ǶμǸСܵңںүӸǰ˵Ǽίӡ
үסԺ˵һԵкͬ־ǰޱ죬Ȼ᰸Ժ󶼲ͬ־˵¡
ںˣЭ̥ǡ֤ʽȥҲû˵ͬ־ˡ
ʯవ˿ӪǰޣүӲ׷Źɡ
λͬ־˵ͬ־ǰĿǰھԺţôҲ֪

Ǳߣүڲյ˵һֵĵϣˣӢͬ־ĵ鳹׽
ҵСϱ
үǿŵһжֽ˼ҡ
ϢĹȥ
캫ԶصҺ㲣Ӣôˣÿû£ôˡ
Զﷳƣ˵үүһڽμңҽҴ绰ﻰ˼үүһͦڣʱȥ
ƫƫԶ˸񣬳ǱɥȻ벻٣ˡ
ӢܣֻҪǾ֢󲿷ּӻġ
Ҫȥп
ӢϿ쵽ˣҴĸȥп̫үү㿴ô
л˵
¼ˣԺʱ̶000ҪǵˢܾĄ̊́иʮӵӳ٣
ٴθлһ·ֵ֧СʹǣµС


22 
Ӣȥпүү, úԶĶ
־ϲһǧ๫أִ, ҪʮСʱһ˴ĸ𣿡
Ӣ֣ʾԶԣߵǰ
Ӣֵʱ, Զŵˡ
ôһԲͶֲ֣ôԥ䱻Ӣˤ, ˳ƶѹϡ
Զ
Ӣ, һˤԶˤϣѹϹЦô, ȫܵһˤ, ˵ҳŰȫ
Զ١࣬Ҳ, 㡣
ܵĽӴ, úԶӿ, СǶء
ӢʲôӮĹ󡣡
Զ˼
ǶڵϴԶ, ˣŶ
˲Ӳӵ, ְʹʹ, ҪҪҽԺ
, 壬治ţһǹŶİɣ
ڽʵ֪ǲɵģǹýСѧϰֻû뵽ôһǽŵġ
ֻǽ㻹ѹڽء
֪϶ûۿˣ˵ϲҪ˵ɡ
Ӣȫ㲻õģֻҪóصĳѡ
Ǯء
ԶѸϷ̷죬ܵϴ˰Ż
·Ѳ⣬ȥѴϵǮȡҸүү绰ǹȥһܸˡ
Ӣæȱ˵Ҵźӳڲôľϲ˵үүĲܺһ룬˵ǰ绰ʱ
ԶҲǣһ·ſڣȥүүүүϲĵǰ궼ûȥҽԺء

ʱӢǵȥһ˾вף˼٣ȥѧУҲ˼٣ڷżǰ˳Ʊ
ǰһʰӢ˽⾩е򣬾ͽʧ䡣
֪Ϻͺھгģھµףϵ仹ðҪˣ׺ͳҪ
һ˳ʰװڵԲ
֮ǰдΛJǷţһֱҲʼģΪöΛJ֪żǴϵĳȥģҲûȥؼš
ϱͦССڷͽһرץٹ˭ָʹ͵ݵĶС˭û˵
ܲúǰŴҸͰͶݣ
룬СﲻܱܣӢ֪ˣʵϣҲҺ˵ǡ
˵֮ǰġ
˵֮ðա
˸ڣѺǽеԼǣϲڵĶǰĶ
ͷ̰
֪ȻϲڵĶȻΪʲôҪء
ԥһ£Ǿ˵֪γһܣֹ˺.裬д棬Ҫżмĳȥ֪ȻҪùܱ𣿡
һᣬ˵裬뿴š
ǣδϵȫϵѽ
ҿԲֵ䡣
˵裬£Ҫš
룬ˣô龫ֵСء
ż˺ǣָһֵ䣬ϵֻǵ˶γĲǶμġ
ǲֵ䣬治ѣ裬ǰô֪ģ
ģԸĴмĳȥ𣿡
ǵͷİɣ˭˵
ǿ.趼˵ȻҪʣ𣿡
С.˵һԼܣնG˵.ָһгдţҶ˭û˵Ұܸ߸裬ҵˣ˰ɡ
ôź˿
һ꼶һ£ƴûѧȫôϵֵģ档
ǰѡд˵ӰѱȻȻҽֵġ
С
Ǿӱĺܣⷨģһң˵.дű߿ޣҾͽ͵͵ӳóѵһеֱȻʵһСŰء
һαСסˡ
ϱûƼѹֳ˸ŮûݸҪô򹷱ţĲСĶ֡

˳ӣԶһ͸͵ɿڣǧ򽻴
·Ͽ˺ӣû£Ҫ˱ɢˣȫҪֶչǣƱҴսѸˣг˾ģгԱ
ӢԿǶ߶ˣʼ߶˰ٶˣϾͲᶪ
ĴƱġ
ҪҵϵɫɢһôķΧ˸ҳ
Զ׵Ż͵ǶչҶӰˣǰ컹ãҪţ
ӢһҲǣԶֲ֪ģһŮ˴ĸӣ
İɣվ绰ġ
ǶȵòͷˣֲǲŵСиίеġҪء
裬ٲϴҪˣ壬ǹͻŶ̫үүƬ㿴ҪǣҲûá
ԶЦˣûġ
ֶɣˣͷֻԶһ˹¹µģﻹͦʧ䡣
ӢҲȥҳǼҪˣүүӦûϲȢϱɣ
ȻЭޣԶɺ
ֶϣСǺ˷ܵģǺѾͻȻ̫үүǰ˼Ҿϲģ

˼СʱֶɣϰкԶսѿӡ
ӢǰԱƬȷǶҵȥվ壬ŵͷллʢ塣
ʢʮˣתҵӢͺ͵վ˵һҲѽӣȥվ
˵ҲˣⲻҶȥϱľǼҪϵĻ𳵣˵̳ỹء
ϡǵðְλսѣĸȥ꣬ʢս飬ʢҵĿ϶ǵܵˡ
ǵܵܽʲôѽϳȥ
ʢӣûСأңϵġ
Ǿˣã˻𳵣ȥҵܵܡ
վʢѸѵĺոˣվλڳվǣȻȥվ
֪϶μԺʵǱӸˡ
ӢҪѳƱǮʢæ˵á
ְսѣԶģΪ˴Ź£˿ӡ
ҵôƯСϱһ첹ġ
һ·۲ӸӢദķǳгûͻĺѣǳ
ͥףѵá
ǮǮøͷҸԶˡ
Զÿ¾ʮ㻨ǮǮӢϳʱѳƱǮӲڴ
Ѿ鷳ˣǮҴ㹻Ҫû⳵ѣԶǻαһȦء
ʢڳվСϱӢ󣬲Ǯ
˼СʱվʢѣѾǰ̣ȥվ
ҲǲǮǮһͷʢ㡣
Ӣͬķ˵ǣ̵Ǯʢѡ
սʱѪԵ黹Ҫɿ
Զ绰ƽ𳵲ˣõ绰ǰ˺óĶӣŶ
ʢЦѺңϳɣȻصλ򡣡
Ӣлѵ绰
˻𳵾ͺˣֱеĻվ˯һܵ

Ӣϰ˱·̻ʲôһ·϶˽ͣϳҲۡ
ʢһ̡һ̣Ӣй֪Ϻͺ˯̣˯̡
洲λ̫̫ŸСкӢһ˴ĸӣ㻹ͦģĸСİ
Ӣ̵ǡ
䵭̫̫ϵɫǸ̰С˵ģ̫̫йĽӴ
ܾû鷳
ĸӻ˷ܵ״̬˵Ҫȥҵܵܡ
ӢԸܣԸ̳Ϣ˵õʱ䣬ĸȥͳˣҴһݾУȻȥҰɡ
ܿϵֻҪڳ϶ܾ׼λǵλãºܶ
ǵһȥԷɡ
ӢָָϴСС˶˭ء
⵹ǣһһһ涼ϲ·ƷǸǰİСϲ
ӢǣŴϰɣҰ㿴Ųᶪ
æҡͷи轻Ҫء
СŲǰһ㣬ϷŶߴٵһ㣬˷Ҫȥӵܵء
ֲܵܣǮ԰
ϵĲͳҪƱҪȹӪһ㣬㻨ǮüӲ͡

ȳͬСҪһ㣬Ǯ˫.ȴ
̫̫Ск˵磬ҲŶ
͹֪϶ԿһۣһôɣľʢĶӰɣ
Ǻ죬ְֽʲôأ
Ӣæǣʱ˼ͥϢܲòŶ
ǻ˸ʷʵҪҵĵܵܽʢӣҾͲܶ˵ˣҵϢҲҪܵġ
̫̫æ˵ӾͽʢӣǴƳʢׯģҶӽʢҶϱл䣬˵ˣҴȥ죬˵Ϲɶһ¹ʶسƱǮͼô죬Ϲڡ
ӢǾûˣ̫̫Ǻְսѵ裬ȥпС衣
ʢתҵ˳üڼڸϵУӶžۡ
̫̫˾ͰѼ˵̫ˡ
ӢĸӿȥԷܵҵˣǿȥԷ˻ܵ档
λ̫̫æҴźӲܣҹŮҲһ𣿡
˼ҴСܵȷʵ㣬Сƽʱͷһʵĺˡ
Էʢĸ׺Ͷӡ
ʲô
̫̫Сˣ̹֦˵һɣʲôǳʲô
Ʋ죬ҲûǮء

͹֪һǣһȥ˲ͳӢܸǣܿĸͷɫڳᣬ˲ͳ
Ӣ˰ץһˮǸʢӣЦ˵ֻԳһţȻỵŶ
ʢ͵ͷлл̡
̹֦ϲԣӢͥĸӵ֪ӢͥǰΪʲôҪ顣
Ӣ˵ʵĶҼҵ˽ǲ˵ģҽͷҲ˵Щ¡
̹֦Ʋ죬Ͼྣɶ˵ġ
ʮӣĸӳԱ㣬Ӣһ⣬һһ׷
̹֦ͬһݣֻ׷롣
գС۾Ц޺Ŀɰܵܣòóԣ
ʢߣ¹ÿûкС󣬼ʢļܵܽǷӾýţʢĻؼӵǮ󲿷ֶ̫̫Ů
СڼһҲѵóһ⣬Сһ͵ͷóԡ
Сһ죬̣һһëǮŶ
̹֦һЦӢŮ̫ˣֽͣһٷҪǮ
ӰְÿµĽҪһָսѼҵŹ£̶ûǮӳԣɣȵ˾УǮòã
˭ǮֻҪ˾С
Ӣ̹֦ǲΪһķǮȥҺԶսҪ˼·ϰôæء
ЦǣʢǴæܵܳ
Ǳ缸䣬ͺͱģ趼˵ˣҲͲҪˡ
̹֦䣬⻹ࡣ

Ա㣬ǸӲЬ棬ʢѾ˯ˣʱ򣬻𳵵˾еǰһվһСʱܵˡ
ûһһ̫̫ﱧѾ˯Ск̳ᡣ
̫̫Ѽϵŵ̹֦ռϣĸ̹֦λ㣬λҵģ㿴ǲҴˣ
̵̹֦ǸѽԲӲǺ̫ˣſմ̸˯ᣬø㡣
ӢˣŰˣ̫̫ĲƱ
ʢ˵ϱϼһ̵Ǯ̫̫ΪʡǮӲ
СǮΪú·Щ̳԰ȫǮɲǸ̫̫ʡӵġ
Ӣҡͷ˼ҵļ£Ҳùܡ
ϳ̫̫һһСʱĳ̣˻̡
Ǹϳ̫̫Ǻĺܣûнг̹֦뿪
˯ϣŪˣŴպһ£ͱӲˣرźӱŰףӲ˶࣬һô죿
̹֦һĵлҽˣлл˴ӡ
ɴЬȵϣֿʼĸ˼ļҳ̡
ӣһСʱ·զأǲǺܺãȥʲôѽ⺢𣿡
ѽӣҶϱûˣһֱϼңҴСôġ
̫̫˵ջӵλڷֵһķӣ˹ȥҪɥżĶҸϱҸ裬ȻܷĵĻϼˡ
̹֦̫̫ڳҲȥѽгϢˣڳˡ
˯İСӣЦϼһأһȥӡ
̹֦࣬ϼҲӣǸҪгϢǸϣҶתҵַˣҾ͸Ҵס
һһ䣬˵Ķ޹ؽҪϢ̹֦ѼϢˡ
ô˵ת׶ǿǺùС͵ҹǼҡ
ǿɲ̹֦˵ҴӵŮǶԵģĸȥҲܵˣ󻹲ҪͻҴ
ʵôöӵŮ
̹֦νʲôأˣʲôŮҶӻҶӣҶϱֵܽöûУһҲûʲô
Ӣȫˣ˵ʱϵɫҲб仯̹֦ҫ˵Ķ滰
λ˵ʱȫ̶թɫ
ûһ滰
λɫŨ
ɫǴ󲿷˵ĻɫɫбɫȾ˲ųɣ˵һʼֻǸоͨˣ˲ˡУɫŶ.ļˡ
Ӣһϳھ衣

ʱ򻨴ӰóһˮӢˮĵϸƵģӦķߣαװˮ
˸ƻݵ̹֦ǰӣԸƻʡ
Ǹˡ
̹֦ĵƻһ룬ˮ죬һӳԡ
һתͷʶ洲̵ǲӲӣǳԡ
Ǿҡͷ˵治İ˵ݹĶ
лл̣ԼҲƻҸڲԡ
Ǻðɡ
˲ӲС˵㣬ƻ
ͷóһƻӢҪˮû취Ƥ
ɨ˺ۣջĿ⣬Ƥƻ͵Լʳ̹֦
ǰƤƻݸ˲ӲӣŤȣҪϲȥ
Ѿ˳̹֦߶ȥߵ͸͸˵ȥɡ
ҡͷҪҾҪ㡣
¶ࡣú
ӢСȥϲҪ豧ȥ
Ӣǣ̳Щûʲôˡ
ſӢ˵裬Ҹ类ӹ֮װ˯һǸ̫ţ˷˵ҸȥϵȥϳĵܵܣϳһСʱˣҹ۲ˣһ᲻ҸǴһˣ
Сϻ¼ڹʱȷʵ˵˷иͷˣòݵĺͻӲ̫һ
Ӣæʵϻݵòһôϳģ
ϣųġǵйҩζϻŵһ
˷ӣⲻӢһ˳ܵ¡
ϴȥг̳һ˵
ϳҾ;̫̫̫ǿζϳϻع˷нӴһ̳Сǹġ
гڻһҲ֪ҪСģǶһ˷ӻٵļͥ
˷ʵ̫ɶˣ
ӢѣϵˮƵķߣĺܣﻹмӣȸӽг
Ӣгһ£ƶüƻȻذѹ֪Ϻͺ˺ӡ
ȻϼװƱĳ˾Ʒ
֮Ӣ̳ʵʩƻ

أ
Ӣһ˻ȫˡ
ӢЦǰǸ̳أ˵ɲɣ̫үүľԱ£Ҳ˺öóԵģǳԵĶϻҲȥ
Ǹ𣿡۾һ
ѽи԰ɣأôһȥǿȥɡ
̫үүľԱģŹ֪ϣ㣬˺ǸСܰѸĿڴͿա
֪ԥһ£չֲպ
ҾͲȥ˰ɡ
ӢתɻɵİɫﰵżŹ֪˵㲻ȥòŲӲһȥɡ
̹֦һмӣɣ˵ӰְָǰְֻսأҰӽȥ˰ɡ
˵겻ɷ˵ͰʢСѸˡ
ӢͲöӳȥᷴй֪ϰ˯Ժʢӱȥ
̹֦Ȱ˵ӣ㣬ҲŸȥˡ
æСס⺢Ҷӵһ̶뿪ߣ˯ɡ
ֻ̹֦ա
͹֪ϣʢӺͲӲӣǸ̰ȥˡ
ʱгԱƱ̹֦ڰƱˣҪȥһ¡
һĸӣѾûӾ
ų̹֦˵ӲƱɶ˵ұãгԱҲ˵ʲôġ
̹֦ԻӸмĺܣϽ㣬˿ã³͸ϸء

Ӣɷ̹֦һ㾯ԶûУò鳵ƱķҸɣѳ̹֦ʢӸϻӲȥ
̳խһ˾ͶһΣգҺʢСѾȳȥˡ
ƱгԱѾ˸ĳ˾鵽̹֦ûƱʱ򣬳˾Լĳᡣ
ӲƱ̳ģλͬ־鷳ھͻԼλ
̹֦˻Ӹ֧Уֱ׳ֲƱϽ㣬ôˣ
ʱѾȥˮˣӱƻ𡣡
쵽վˣ˿Ͷʱʳˮ
˾Ӣ˸лӵ˷ӣѾԾҪЮˡ
ˡ
˾Ӣлӣͬʱġ
˾ӣɶĳ̹֦֪ŵ󷴶Ӣۣ嵽Ӹǰһٶص壬ײ˾
ͬ־ô£۸˼Ұ
Ͼǳũׯˣһײ˾ԤУײĺһ
˾Ӧܿ죬ƿ̹֦ٴӵʱѾˣõˮתҪЮִϵС
ӢһʼעľǺӣڳ˾̹֦ײʱ̧ȸߵ˰ĲֱϣڻӷӦ֮ǰ˯еĺ˻
ӺӢ˳̳ᣬڳ̹֦᲻ᱻЮ֣ܲˡ
ӷӦܿ죬ȭŹûЮֵӣ˿ңˮѾֵ̹֦Ĳϣв˾
ҳȥȻ汳µظ
˾û뵽̬ᷢչЮ¼Ϊ˱֤ʵİȫֻˡ
гղžڰ棬ʱվ̸У嶯㵽վȥҲ˳վ˳վҲᱻͨȡ
ӻȥˣϱŵץ̣ȻǾƴһѣƴ汳ĺˡ
ܼǶ죬ףھͻĲӡ
ưˮһ̹֦ĲϳһϸߣѪ˳
Ϊʵİȫгֻܺͳ˾һףһʡ
̹֦оϴʹŵ۴С
㷸ʲô¶ˣ˵ܰ㣬Ҷתҵǹҽҹϵ飬˺ҿһѽ
ӲΪ޴ŮˣôõĶӣӾˣǰӰ
л˵
µС


23 
̹֦, ĵĺúõĻɽãôȥأûе
ŵ, 㣬Ҹԩ޳ΪʲôҪЮң
Юų̹֦ӲᣬΧĳ˿ŵüɢг˿Э˾, ³ֶ̹֦һѪۡ
Ϊʵȫϵĳ˾ֻܸǱһľ롣
ӢƤ𳵵ĳģʱվ, ٷ, ˶û뵽ľٶ׼
ǰ̹֦ˣӾͲ޴, Ҳ˺, űԹһӰɡ
˵͵ƿ̹֦Ӵ򿪵ĳȥ, صʱ˳һ, гͳ˾嵽ߵʱ, Ѿӵһȳһյˡ

𳵵վӢĸӣĳо¼ڹ, ͬеĻг˾̹֦ӡ
̹֦ȥҽԺҶϱ, ˵Ѿ˵绰, ͬ־оֵ·ˡ
Ӣܰ˷ӹС, СѾѹˣֻϡǵðְǰСlu mingֲ֪
ְҲˣϸϸѯʲԭСͱӹճɽһ˼ңһֱӹ˳
鷳ˣͬ־в٣յһҲˣƲⲻԭĸġ
ǳ̹֦˵ˣСֵʱ򣬻˵Сյ··ǵ
ĿǰҲûиõİ취Сʱ·֡
ӢһֱܰС·ҩĸãСŸоһߣ뿪ܵİܵĿޣܵĺ裬Ҫ
ӢְֻѺӱڻץʱܸ
СְӢﰲȵĲˡ
ͦͬСܵܵģںӢӢȲţȥС·֣״׵ģ衣
˲ӲѧӢһȣҲ衣
참ĹЦá
ӢΣй֪ϺͺǺͲӲӴһȥˣҪϹ¼ڹ
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񾯰ѵ绰ݸӢͬ־ɷӲӴģһ¡
Ӣ³͸Զ绰˷Юʣĸ¼ڹûüһʱԶ绰
ϳ֮ǰʢѾ˵Զ绰˵κ͵վʱ䣬ⶼȥһСʱԶûȵƽĵ绰Ƽˡ

ԶȷʵˣӢվһСʱûӵ绰Ѿ绰еĻվʰû㣿
վĹԱ˵ǰг׼㵽վǳϳ˷ӣֶˣҲ
Զϰ£ȻܲԸǴ绰ȥоҶΛJû뵽Ӣͺ
Զʵô
ӢͲ˵ҸӶû£ڹ¼ڹϾˡ
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ռùֵĵ绰·̼䱨ƽӢͰѵ绰ˡ
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С·Ӣֹʵ԰·ܴܵүүҡ
Ӣ֮أֲܸһӣǽɣǻᾡܵҵĸġ
Ӣ͹ﶼ⺢ӿҲĸˣǱȥԺȴ
֪󣬺ǵС·㣬ǼҲ𣿡
ӢĲϲ£һӾͶһΣڼ϶ĸˡ
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Ӣο˵ûкӵļͥϣһСÿӵļͥȥɡ
·ر㣬ҲСҵõͥ

Ӣͬ־ɣ˵ˣҶӣлллл
ӢߵſڣһŮ˱ʢӣмʢϱ䡣
Ӣæɩ̫ˣ£˭ҵĺӶһѵġ
һԵĳ̹֦ϵ˿ѾˣɴݺݵӢһۣлʲôѽҪǰҽгȥǸ˷ӾûлЮң˷ܵҪܴεġ
Ӣˣײ˳˾˷ץˣܿöҵİʾ𣿡
ʱڹĳ˾Ҳˣ˷ĲС
ִԵͬ־ܸʢСѴ֤˼ӵİȫѾܲˣСӣײץʱ˷Ӷץסˡ
л䱧ŶӺ²ѣ̹֦Ʊ磬裬ʱԹ˼𣿡
̹֦̾㣬ҪҰѺӴҲҲ˷ӣôʲôǻؼҲͿˡ
л䲻ڹֳӢٴεлͬ־ҾҽԺϰ࣬Ժκ£ҡ
Ӣһ·ԶʢѽͣɩӲÿ
ǣҶӿȰġ̹֦ǿ
ܱ˵𣿡
л䲻涪ۣӢǺ󣬴źͺӻȥˡ

ӢҲĸȥҹվ̨ףſڵľѺˣæӿ켸ùȥ
ſڵСɾӳץ˳ĵζӾһ˾ץˡ
ΛJɷûĵط׵˶ʮСʱڸɷץ
ͷ۹ǰĹվһСӰһһÿ
ͺߴߴÿ֪ǺʧõСһ
ĨϸıӰԼӦþǺԶȢСϱ˰ɡ
ŮյĪеϤǵֱ̾ͱܡ
ܾһʱ벻

Ӣվ̨ͷԷ裬ʺûֱģһ·һվתأ
ҲеΣùǣ㲻ǺųܼסȫһĹ·𣬹ôת
СѳŴڿ·ߵʱܵʮԶʵͰ¿ûעſٰѲСżóˮȥ
һͷöڲԶʵͰԣܹôӵ׵ϸʲôأ
ϰҡ
վϵĻң˵ϰҾҪ֪꣬ô߰ɡ
̧ۣ֪ܲ꣬ͷ֪ˡ
ڸļϣվϵ·ߣȻŴ˹תһ˳үڵܾҽԺ
ҽԺӢóŸʿվĻʿ˵Ǻɽļ̽үү
֤ȫкͺԶĽ֤
κ⻤ʿǶγĵĺѣƾźͺź˵С
Ӣλͬ־Լүү㲻ҽҽԺʲô涨أ
׿˵үӵļķÿҪʵģͺھͿԽȥҪһ°ɡ
ӢСһѾȲˣ¥һ㣬Ҫȥɡ
ҡͷҪһȥ̫үү
ԼõģĻֻܽж
׿ʿǰĶǺѣ裬ĺܡ
˵һ˾ҪһֻҸȥûоϲˡ
׿ľѸСദʱ䣬ûʲô顣
ⲢǺѵĴǺͺ̫ᣬһ㶼ûСѸеĹɺͿɰԺѡ
һ£Ӣʲô취СͷСͷ˵
׿ѳ˵үμңҲİȥҽԺΣɣҸӪ绰ͬĻȥɡ

Ӣ⻤ʿΪ˰γĳӶˡ
ԶҪǲͬ⣬Ҳû취ĸӴؾС
ѺԶӵĵ绰ЦЦɡ
׿ǶγõѣСһ𳤴һʵϰֻ֪ǰ򺫾Զٻ󣬲ŷʵѾϲǰ
ǻ鶼ѾˣȰѷǺѲϣҪѹȥϵ
չȥûϼֻˣǰҽԺ̽ĺүӣ֪ôǵ˼Ҵŭ֮½˼ҡ
үӾȻ֮󣬺Ѿͱȥ˾Ժ˵ǽƣȥ̽
ڻء
Ȼ֪ʲôԭ򣬵øӪλСϱйء
׿ûнڸԶ绰ڷһķϣүɿڣѺѴӾԺų
Ѹûо񲡣治֪ΪʲôҪô飿
ҪʺԶǲǺڵģ˻Ͱǰ

绰ȥǱ߽ͨˣһͳλʲô£
׿е죬ѺͺӪЭ꣬ҲֻԶΡ
ȷʵǸ㵽˹Ŀˡ
ɤӣӪܾҽԺɲĻʿиԳӢͬ־Ҫ̽үүʡ
û˵꣬Ǳ߲֪˵˾ʲô׿ҧŴѵ绰ݸӢ
ͳŶ̹
Զڵ绰ʣӸյҽԺ
Ӣĵŵ绰ߣԶ״ʮˣǰ̨ʿڲݣȥ
Զѵ绰ʿȻȥүү϶ᰲϻؼסе绰˯ǰҴ绰Ҷ㣬ģڲҪռҽԺĵ绰
á
֮ͨӢѵ绰ʿ֤ĸӣͷҲص¥ݿȥ
׿ǳ
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ɽƬĿӼĻĽȫҸϣƬϵϱ
ϱԼѡģܴƬϿĻϲ
ƬϵĸӣϱŵҵСħǣСЦĺӡ
ϱŵǹŮɣְ֣̫ܳϱеųҲǸƯĹ
վڴҺһȵĺӣһϱĵܵܡ
֪ĸദĺòã
⼸Ƭÿ춼Ҫóü顣
ɽᣬص̾ҪǺǴ˿ܳǰͺˡ
ſһӳһСӣɽ۾ԼӻˣͬʱģֻƬϼϱ
˷ܵĴУ̫үү㿴Ǿϲⲻ⣿
˼Һָֻ޷Сϱ̫үү֡
˵ѹ̫үү촭ˡ
Ӣүӵ˥ߵʱܵһһ½Ӷܴ̼ҽܱõĻŻܻһء
߹ȥűǵĻᣬүӵ壬һ˿ܣүү١
ӱ˴ɽʱ˲٣Ϊǿϱ̫ӣ̫˵ԭ
ӢĸͻȻ֣ɽϲĲˣȵ֪ٻ黹Ҫġ
̫үүȻˣ㿴Ҷ´ˡ
´Ȼˬ
ӢһüΣܶˡֲãǳãھҪ죬һܸүΣүӻ괺ڣⲻ
ӢүүԼҵӡ
үү֮ǰдŸܹҵ֪ϣСǲӲӣԸЩ󡣡
ɽĵĲУεϱ;ñϸ̫ˡ
Ӣִٵĺ˵˰
֪Щִ٣Ǻǵ̫үүֻܸŽı֣үүá
˲Ӳʣ裬ҽʲôѽ
ӢЦǵĶаְ֣Ȼһ̫үү
˲Ӳӹɵĵ̫үүá
úã̫үүˣһô˿ڣӲӵ̫үүǰ
ɽĸˣͥͲףѵüദ˺г
һѾϱԺҲ£ɽԼھܳԺˡ
Ǽһᣬ̫үүȥԺһǾͻؼȥ
ӢæȰ裺үүҽԺס۲һ£ھͳԺԶҲѽһᰤġ
ɽЦңСͬ־ö̫һʼҪסС
룬еİ취ɣҽģҽ˵̫үүܳԺǾͳԺҽ̫үүҽԺ

ҽɽѪѹΧڣٿүӾǿ̫ˡ
ҽҲúɽԺסԺ۲켸졣
ɽĴӵۣǺһ仰ס˼ң̫үүҪҽĻߡ
ű֣˵̫үүȻؼҸзȥ
ɽţҪ̫үүζҪЦѣٺҿˡ
ǺͲӲӣļҳ˿ɺóˡ
֤Ƕ̵ŶȻǻϴԼ·ҿ԰̫үүϴ·
˲Ӳӱ̬Ұ̫үүҴĿɺˣְֶ佱ء
ǿ̫үүһ£͵Ӳӻһְ֣ǿлصĴѧңģȻȥҾҪȥʶλѧȥ
ɽֵùЦûͥĺӣǰһôõġ
ϱǰƷȷʵΪǰʱ򣬺ɽԹ˳ɷӡͲ
ͬʱҲԼżλǰͬ־ǸǱڵľְ
úã̫үүþǻؼңųТ˳ķˡ
ԱӢͼӣɽһֱڴ߿һСϳ뿪ſĵĵڲҫȥˡ

ٴλصλѾڲˡ
λǰһźɽ£ĵɫãʲôϲ𣿡
ɽ鱻һ룬ݺݵĵǸʡĵı˰ɣҶ˵ˣھԺʡʲôʱϴˣʲôʱ
ɽǲǸˣʵ̫ˡ
ӵĻ£ϱǶϱ˽ͶŮľЭ⣬˷ʱ䣬갡ϳɴ꣬˵Ƕμʲô𣿡
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֪үҪйԹǾ͹Թй
ҪҲģٻˣôˣǶμۺ켵ǰɣѣݰŮѹϵӺϱܸɳ𣿡
Һϱͨû֣ͥףҪɢˣͷӸǶμû꣡
λ誸ԩŮ£֪ʱѾͬѧˡ
ûֻͣˡ
ɽĳСΰǿ㳤ģҶΛJͺܲô˶γģҽ̾ôأ뿪ϵ֮ǰٱϱвԶίϾٱô.ص⣬ʵٱһҪġ
ãԶӲˣҲʵϱףͣҼսʱܵҲ˵Զ쵼ӣҼսѵ棬˵ô죬ֻٲ顣
ڶβˣ֤ϱ׵ģǶμһ飿

λ
϶μһֵܣ߰˸ֻһŮүү̿ʼ۵Ĳˡ
⺢ӳûµģΪκ£жμҸס
ζסˡ
ԶǱߵ᰸γûõҪĽҽԺѴɽսҪǶݲһ쵼
ܹ˵Զ쵼ӣӢ֯ͬ־ȥϵ顣
ɽĵ˼ҡ
λҽԺүѹǸ˵Ůȥϼӹ̡ܽ
үӲͬˡ
ɽżսѵ棬֯ȥ飬׵׵Ĳ顣
ϱǸϹۣǺһȥ׼û⡭
үӵʱЦǾǶγݣȥ׼ǶμԼʧȥԺɡ
ͱˣѾǶμ˵Ϣˡ
֯˸ӢһףӢĸӤ
ɷһӤȥҽԺ˻ҽ˵Ǻصಡɾ
֮෽֤Ӣǰţ֤ʵӢϵ̥ǣԲǼðġ
ӢɳУҲûгΪĿԡ
᰸һõɽ˦μҸǰѡһҪγץߣҪμȥԺ
μֻܰѶγȥ˾Ժ
ɽγĸϾͻˣСˣ᲻飬㶼㲻Ǹֱˡ
Ƕμֵܣ߰˸ֶΪһ
оԶҵϱϲͷҲĲˣԺ˭۸һһ͸һ죬ǺԶǳСӸ۸һ㣬ͷӶմ󣬺οǶμء
λ誱ѵ࣬ҪĻҲ˻ȥ

λ誻صҺүûУͬͬμҸγĽӻ
ҲҽԺС׿绰˵ԶȢСϱźͺǻ
ɽãɷȥһ
ȥģ״ܲãٲӻҪˡ
С׿ղŴ绰˵ϵ˺ԶȰȰүӷŹģǻ˵ڣԶ˵εݵġ
˲۽ǣԹԶ塣
Э飬ҲۼŮҪҪô飿
λ뻵ˣȥҽԺ֡үνңҶûиǧ֮ĺԶ
үһˡ
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үʹˣĳǼҼסѵ¾ȥˣƫҪֵԶǱȥҿԶβưոݣöμҳԸ
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λҡҡͷӣ㣬ôģ𣿡
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λ誸裬ҶϾ˹ϵ˰Σҵڶû
λ˵ܱӣ䵱ˣʱܸж޷˼޸Ҳȷʵ뱲ˡ
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ˡ

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ķˣһ£³ˡ
ǰɡķºве֡
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ǣǸе̫ˣȥ㣬Ͳϡ
İѶвˣУҽ룬Ȼ̫үүԷʱֻһˡ
֪Ϻ͹˲ӲӸɻȰܡ
֪ȰĴСӰڸеģ裿
Ļ͵ҽԺˣ身ûٶȵģ̫үүˣӢæȥǶޡ
Ӣ߰˽صˡ
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ûһͣ
أҲΪôﻹͦοġ
ʺ壬Զϱҿ治үҸСհŵԶķ䣬㿴𣿡
ڻ룬Զһλȷʵкܶ⡣
γĴںޣҲԶķ䣬֪ԼõģЭҪĸԷ˽
Զ鵽ٻ飬ֻ˰£үôţλЭġ
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Ļû˵ȥүӲУҽίѼүǹȥˡ


24 
Ĳһ, ཷƬͷ峴Ĳˡ˿ؼһ
֪ǲΪؼ˾ͿʼŷɣóҲ̣һҡ
ʰ, ָֻķˡ
ӢԶıķСʱ꣬عѺֻҵķ
˴үӵ±߼С
ӢҲܿ, ̣鷳ʰˡ
俴ӻ˷ˣж, мСöǱķ, õģǺˡ
ʰǿȥҽԺ, үӿ϶Ȳˡ

ӢĸӴŷ˻ҽԺ
үӵĲ, һλͷͬ׵үүԴ׷, żСһ˵
, ұķķܳĳ, ҳķˣȻҿɲ
̼Ŀֻ̫үүķֻܳһ㡣
١Ȳһ, , ֳ, ȷʵǺұķ, ൱ĿɿڣⲻǺСͷһ¾ѧա
ŵĿżӣƭͷӣǴӷֳɵİɣ
侲мƣ˵ԶԣǷģҲϡ԰ɡ
ɽĹЦӶˣɽοˡ
ۿǼģТҲ٣Ǹͷȥ
һ嵭ͣʺϲˣĲһ˻ļҳ˵ζԻĻŵļҵζ
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ǵ⣬С˾˺ãĲС˾ϴģǲӲġ
١ʵ﷢ᣬܾһµʱ䣬ͷӼ̥ǣôͷǶ²١
˼Ҿϲ֣߼ߴߴó֣١˵ԼûͷкȥʳãԼɽųԡ
Ӣڣͽĸڲ˼ңȥҽԺ˷Ȼ·
֪ϻЩִٵģϾǺ̫үүġ
㣬Ҹһȥɡ
ԸˣѽҶ̫үүΧµúã̫үүһ̣֤ҲǴŶ
ӢŤʲô¹˼ҵںһΡ
ԶүүԼ̬һģûвϲүϵɫƭ˵ġ
үүɡ
ֻ֪ˡ

Ӣߺ󣬺ѷһգ̣֪һͶ뵽ĳǷǳģղүӶôӦԡ
١үӶΧ岻ȤԺĸı䵹ǺĲˡ
ʵո˭ѧģ
ǻʣȻǸҶѧġ
칦١ˣ⼸ӶСͬ־ƵƴӣĸԸ֡
ʵôôĻ
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أ١Цĺܡ
뻹ֻˣвǣˡ
ɽЦ١ԶԼҵϱɡ
ЦģοǧЭ

ӢҽԺӼл䣬ŸһԣӢҲû֨
лҽԺƵĴ˵Ӣ뿴С·ѶӽţԴӢȥסԺ
оֵĶζӳСһЩߣСӦ˯ˡ
·ﻹиС񾯣ʮСʱֻţֹܵ˷ӻ⺢֡
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ʿӻŷӢС·ؿи÷״̥ǣر
ĺϣҲиر̥ǡ
Ҳҿ̥ǲŰϴɡ
С·Ӣ溫Զȥմҵ˫̥㡣
Զ˵Сմҡⶼһģһֱͣڼ꺢ӵĽ׶ΣǺԶÿλؼң⻹ҪǼһȥ档
ҲǺԶĽˡ
һǰʧ¥ϹֲˣסҽԺ
Ӣȥܲܰѹ
Ӣл˵ȥˣ֮ǰɷҰѣҲסҽԺ⡣

лЩϧ˵һǲΪӢ£Ӣ欵Ľģһֲʳ˼̻
ϧǹֻСӵ̣ڻǸֲˣ˲֪ܲѹ
лӢⲡſڣվ˸ˣ·ѯʿڹĶΛJ
лӢ˵λǶζӳҲռҵѣȥɣûµġ

ΛJۺԶȢСϱϤĸоˡ
ѹͷɻͬ־ã˷ӻЩ£п𣿡
ӢͷҿһȦĸ˵ɫӢΛJϵ
Ĳɵĵûա
ΛJǾ仰ҭ˻ȥֻʵǵ㿴겡п𣿡
ɡ
Ӣߵǰס˯һ㴿Ͼ֣һ֮ɿ˼
ΛJҪˣĵٴο󣬡ͬ־ȥ̸𣿡
Ӣһۣƣ㿴ҵ鲻ã̸ɡ
ΛJ
Ӣͬ־ǵһμ棬Ӣͬ־ôôĲͷ
Ӧ֪ǺԶǰӣȥϵɧŹСޣ˶Զμҵе⡣
Ҳ⡣
˷ҪץӢЩϸڵ⡣
쿴ȥǲУɡ
ûؾӰ࣬صоſڣֵҹһţʴƬĳģѹһ͵ˡ
֧ӵĶӳյһЩľٱţϰΪ
ص칫ңΛJŷ⣬üͷ
û뵽һ죬ܸ浽Լϡ
˵γĲãǶμұΪٻס

ӢһֱڽϹ䵽ҹĻ٣ϻʱѾˡ
ֻй֪ɳϣһյ̨ƿ
̷飬ȥţӢ˿
֪һֱοң˵ȥǰĵطһһߣôǵûؼҵ·õġ
ʵϣﵣĵҪ
ôŻ
ӢЩǸ⣬ȥ˵Ǽǰĵطߡ
ˣȻȥǰסǱˣ֪Ϸˡ
ʲô𣿡
ӢҡҡͷȻϤû
Ȼеϧǽƽͺá
ҲӷӢһʯͷ˵أϴ˺ü绰ʶˡ
㲻˸Լͨ绰İɣء
Уʹǿȥ˯ɡ

Ӣûȥʱ򣬷
һⱾ˵ģȻֻм̣Ӣġ
һɾɫͲĶΛJɫһģǶΛJãҲԭ
ľɢˣԭӢҲռ壬Լľάɢ
˶϶ռ壬Ǿһֱڻ״̬Ѳ
ȥ˵ľʧǾҲ
ӢסǵֵʱǿҵĸоʶڿӢæøǸŮ
֮ľɢˣʶʧˣǸĹʧǰĸԸøԭӢ
Ӣܽԭľʱ壬ͬʱҲԭ˸ѡĻᡣ
õ屾ԭġ
ԭѡ塢ԼѹͿԭôˡ

֪ԭڣӢû֪԰ѡȨԭ
ʱӢģ᲻磬᲻úԶĸӡ
ôˡ
ﷴ˿
ΨһϧǣЭ޵ļͥȶԭѡԼ壬ѹ֮ӦûӢѡһɣԶ顣
һ룬Զͦ޹ģĸҲҪٷֿ
ԶܻãʱѾˣ˲ñ˵Ŀˡ
ԭѡԼ壬Ӣǻʧġ
ͬģԭѡѹǾҲûصԭ塣
ȻӢȥ˵Ը⡣
ԭȥѡɡ
ҺúͺԶкǲദһ£Ӣ룬ԭѡ뿪ԶͼӣӦܺܿӦİɣ

뵽ʱ򣬼ĵ绰ˣӢǺԶġ
ӢԶֱε绰ͷӢ
ӢæǸҽȥǰסĵط˺ö·ûй·ų˵ģ˼
ʲô𣿡
ûУʲôûȥ⡣
ԶҲ˼£Ӣ˵˶γľٱ¡
γǱҴˣҪΣҪо񲡣¶μҵǨŭ㣬⼸ھУҪӴμҵˡ
ӢıȥμҵˣºԶԣ˵ΛJҪʹҪټһΡ
Уֻİӣıģ㲻
Ӣ绰ǱߺԶսѵЦԶ绰ܴҲϱҲŴ绰ء
Ӣ绰ͦģҹˡ
Զкܶ໰˵أôˣû˭Ŵ绰⼸սϹء
š
˼еûģӢ˵ͳУȻе޷԰Ρ
ͻȻ˵Զеˡ
Զо౻ûһ£ץͲָס
ЭޣǱҪǸ˶֪
Ӣ˵ˣǲζšЩ£
ԶݺԱŲߵսѣԷΪʹĺȷⲻΡ
˵ţ

ԶʧˣӢ˵ģֱš
ͬʧߵĻжΛJ
Ƿžİ칫ϣѾʮˡ
ΛJĸಡǻŴģʱܽĸǳңҲðҪӡ
һֱҪãϸĸǸÿҶкüӣһ⻳Уĸײ˸׵ķԣѺ
ΛJرõĵĸʱһֱڲ棬ǿһ۸ճСãССģֻ΢ĺ
Ӽĸ׻СòһˣΛJ˵òģⲻá
װϳȥһ٣˵С࣬һһӣǾá
ΛJ꣬˸׵Ļ
Խ󣬶ΛJԽɣȥסУˣУҵ乤ֱס˵λᣬЩγĵùϵ衣
ǰ⾯ţֹ˶ΛJĻɡ
һ£дŵ˶ԶμҵӦϸ˽⣬ѡżĵ
γĲãڸƤӵ»СӤģֻǸԼ
ƶ۵ĶΛJסˣ˸ĸҡ

⼸˥ҹ˯ţӻˣʵôΪõ°ɣĻеġ
ȥھԺŮһֱ˵ؼңǺԶִˡ
ԶҪ֯Ӹƽ޹ʱԩ顣
ȻѾ֤ӢôγĿʵٱģóе
һ㣬ܳо񲡣һо񲡵Ůӣôҵżң
ΛJһͷ£ûܶγͱ¨ӣҾγã˺Ҳӡ
ΛJûо񲡣ȥΡ
ѽô˵ءĴ˼¶ӡ
ΛJƽĵ裬˾ٱɱ˷֤ܸưո𣿡
ҿ϶ܷŹҾٱġ
ɷŵİŮϣͿƲˡ
ںúڣӦôӦԶĽ飬Ů磬ͻ޸Զ
˭뵽ˣʲôЭĬĬķ
ЭЭɣֺˣԹԶûٻ顣
ȥ󺫾ԶϱǸӢǸҪʲô⳥ԣŹģǿ𣿡
ΛJ裬ȥ˯ɣҰһ¡
ʵҪһΪص⡣
æúãȥ鷿Ҳǡ

λ誽ܵشүǱ߲ɿڣԶֶθ°ִ󣬱ŶμҶѡһ
鷿ʶʲôء
õ£ǻҪø³̣βһ㲻ҪεģҪ˵о񲡣Ȱ˽ӻ㿴أ
ΛJû˼ٹܾԺŵĶγġ
֣ӽʮˣСӣҾͻȥγĵǲãǣ¾Ҫܳͷǹ㲻ָ˽ɣ
νŶӼᶨ񣬰Żôʱֻõ
ΛJӶ϶ˣʮǰĻɾǶԵġ
ΛJǷóأ֣ʱˣ˵ػȥ飿
νǷϵݣŵһ顣
ҪӽܲˣӤزŮֵĺüȻӦܣӳȥ飬ܿܲ
ЩԼһˣڶγ죬͵͵ȥŮϷأѹּѹˡ
ӴˣҲûҪˡ

λŮʱѲӳ˲ûˡ
ȷʵܰӣѹ֪ûˣಡȥˡ
.ѹܲˣǡҽԺһӤͱ˵á
ǸӤģ񵽵ʱҲճСӤȥ࣬СӤܽʱ.軹ң˵ûŴಡ
֪滻ĶΛJͷһƬʵ㵱ʱȷѾûк𣿡
λ誱ʵܡ
ʱ߲ӿֲݣתΣȻŮ
Ůȷôñķߡ
ΛJеǿȷȹ𣬺ֹͣӶȹ漣ԶӵҲˣи𣿡
λЩңҸҽˣҽ˵ûҲñķߵģҡ
ΛJǰĶˣ
ʲôλƺµҪʲôɤʡ
ΛJûܾûҪ԰ѷڳһ
ҹģȥ˽һɽʮǰڸսţûлᣬԵʱġ
ΛJŸ׵һС㣬ĹûС
ȷϺĹأΛJһ¾ȥ
ҪûʬǣûУûûʬǣ֪ĿǰѾDNAȵԺˣҪһ¡
λ誶ԼݶʮС㱻ڿˣͷڵѪ
СľֻǺܱľƴյķӣ͸ѣľƬֻ鸯õС·ƬûӤʬǡ
λվȣļڵϡ

ڷ̫ʱ·¶ˮʪˡ
λ誱̫Ĺմ۾ǲŻ㣬Ҫ̻ȥʼıķ
ȻǿշأôŮȥ
ñȥûǱķΪʲô˵ŪٷƭңУҪȥʡ
ΛJˣĴ㡣
ִ֣֪ž飬ɵĳѨѱĵƳȥȻԼĵñӣǼҿҲͬ飬侲㣬ݾߡ
Ҫȥҵñߺ󣬾ʲôҪһ

ѷãصλҾֳȥ٣˵е˽Ҫȥ
Ǿֳȴûи٣ͷ۵ĸһֵİӡ
ϴδӻܵ˷ӣۻͷǱУλתҵǾʢͬ־ĶӸˡ
ֳ̫ѨԿ۵ܲסֹֻܳʹƬ⡣
ߣżƹ˵Ʋ˰ҪѺ˭ҲĴɽ
ΛJ׺䶥Ǹ˷ͬʢĶӣ
ԣһ磬̴ʢӵ緹һתĹ򣬺ӲˣȻſڵЬ棬ҵš
ֳǷƹżΛJ˵żӦҹŵģ˷ǹ۲ˣ֪Ϻ̻ӳ緹׼һͶֹպӣǰţ̫ˡ
˷ӶΛJץľв٣ƹǵһμ
ǸջŮ˵ʲô̬һʱ벻ס
ʱ䲻ˣ˷˵ʱ䣬˭֪ǲԾֶΣơ
ΛJֻܰѵõ·һš
ѯʵһңȥӢ˽

ӢһСᣬһѪ
ÿһ춼׬ģ͸ÿġ
л׶ĸ͵ҽԺԶүү˵ԼȥתתɾǿϤĽֵܻܲʲô
ʵ뵥࿴ķ羰
Ժ󿴲ˡ
үӱ濪ĵĴӦǳѣһϱǰ£ǰĺôô죿
˼µ⼸Ӳ˯
Ӣ϶ô٣Ӧͻˡ
Լ˵Ǻ׳ۣȥһΡ
صѾһˣӺܶҲСȥӪ꣬ѻǮ˶ٷʢ緹
ӢĴֱ÷ԱۣŮ̫ˣֻԼܡ
ӢĹô࣬ÿһ춼͵ģҪʱ

ʱʵڷ㣬ӪֻˣһǸյϲ˵ӢһŮˡ
һ첲ʯֻּвˣԵĺܲ㡣
Ů˳ûߣڼ졣
ֱ۴ʯŮʮ꣬Ǹ͵ˣЩ⡣
˵һҶܺ˵ΨСŮԸ̫ź򣬲ڱ͵ԺȥˣҴ⼸Ҳ
Ů˽ǶμҾͲŮھԺ𣿡
˻黹ȥǰȢϱ£̫¼ˣںҸǾ񲡾ܽӻȻΰɣҾð͸γԣóӦˡ
ģСһʱ벻ӦøĻᣬȻ̫ˡ
Ц̫ˣôҲֲǵķȥһ³գĻͰҶ࣬ڼ乤ʹ㡣
лл㣬Сá
ȣҶǱķӦõģˣ˳ȥҵӵûУ
ҡҡͷֻҲˣҲˣȰ㶥࣬ҲҸڵĹֱݡ
ͷͨˣͷһûСŮŮŹҸԺ׼Т˳㣬գȶǿ
ĽҲˣǸŮôҶأʮ˰ɣỹҵĶӰɣҿ˼Ҳģǽˡ
̾ȰˣΛJʮˣϱڶϣμҲܾҿ绹Ϊû飬ٵһ꿴ɡ
˵ž뿪ˡ
Ӣķ˿ʼˣ˲ϳԣ׷ȥ
ԱһסӢʲôȥ
Ӣе㼱ҸǮƱˡ
Աһţ֪㸶ǮˣǮķˣҲҪ
ӢͻȻ£ˣŻͷ𣿡
˵ˣԱںǸ˷ѵŮˡ
Ӣʹѣĺ⡢㰡Һķߵ·ڣȻ·ڷֿһһҡ
Ӣһ㶼ûгɣ·תǸıķסĵطǸ߰˻һĴԺ
л˵
С


25 
һ, ԺھǷ׷Χȥģ̸˳˳ȥԵܺá
Ӣ΢Զһ, ˴
֪ͬ񵫷ʶˣ֪ĵϸ
ӶˣЩÿ궼Ҫȥһˣʵ֪Ҳ, ˵ر̥ǣһҵ, ͦġ

ΪԼĺӶ, ȥ͵˵ĺӣר̥ǵ͵, ҲǸĶˡ
Ӣڻ˷ӻӡ
Ů˵̫, ̬òͷɫȫı䡣
ڻǴУϱĺĸס, ڱıķ
, Ӧþھеʵ, ӣҶӣһһ˵ݡ
ôݣϵɫı䡣
Ӣͨɫϳ, ָԭò, ѹֹҲ
Ӣиûͨ, ˵ЩӺ¹Ŷ, ҪƵߣôȥζӳﵱķأ
˵ζӳĸסһҪȥΡ
̾۹඾Ҳ±ΛJ
˷Ӻš
ÿһε˵Һӣʵǹպӡ
ָݣǸʮŮˣٻмʮûץȥ
Ȼ˻ӵҪҸῴô߶ζӳץ鰸

صҽԺӢүӵĲ˺üˣΛJʢӵл䶼ڡ
ӢΪүӣͷк
ǴɫأĸӲڣ˵Ǳ쵽ȥˡ
л俴Ӣ͸ǣͨӢ
Ӣһæȥɩʲô˵
л䱻˵Сգӱ˷ӹˣǻϵǸӹյģҲû취ˣƽǰ£ʲô©ϸڣܰζӳѺһ
лĻ˵ûͷûβӢˡ
ΛJ˵֮ǰܵĻӣҹлͬ־ЬһţȻһ磬ú̴ӳȥ緹ļ϶ʢӹˣ˵͸ȥƫԶĴɽ
ԴӻܣķڽȻС·ǱߣŻӻǱҽԺٴ͵ߺӡ
Ϊ˾ץסɾûΪӡ
˭벻ӻȥлҵĺӡ
ΛJѾ׼ӢεѣˣֻҪȻṩЩʲôֵˡ
ڰһͷˮӷҲ
˶Ӣڡ
Ӣ˵ǸϾҪȥӳҵķ
⻰ֱ˵ȻԼժȥϴء

ΛJǾ˵
Ӣ˵ҵܲµ˷ΪʲôҪʢСѡ
֪˷ӵĶҲư
ΛJæʵ鷳ͬ־˵Ĳ²⡣
Ӣ˵ֻǲµģĻҪǹжϡ
˵
ϵʱ򣬻Ӻܻˣֵĺƿףó̹֦ϢƻԣӮ˳̹֦Σ̸̹֦ѶӡϱϼӣϢ˼ҡ
һԵĳ̹֦Ӣ˵ҵʲôҶϱѶӵΣֵͷϰɣ
Ӣûô޹ص˻ڲ죬ڵ˵˵أ
˵ȻҪ˵С
л䶪˶ӼĿȥҲûʲô
裬ʲô©ﲻæͱˡ
ΛJʾͬ°ѳ̹֦ȥִϡ
Ӣ˵Юֳ̹֦ʱ˵˼йߵĻ˵̹֦ôõĶӣ֮ǰ˵Ҫʢͬ־衣
룬ǸӵʱҪʢӵĴ㣬ʲô̬ư󣬶ζӳԼʰɡ
л޵ĲУȻ򣬡֪ʲô̬ǰ϶ңŴТ˳ۺˣҪ
л嵽̹֦ѹٴˣ·ϵ͵㣬Ҫİ˵ҼǮƱΪʲôҶӡ

ﳳһţΛJȴߡ
Ѿʳмֵ˷ӵĳǱ̬
ڵӢͬ־ܲ룬ʲôҪϢ©𣿡
Ӣҵʱһ룬ϵζӳ̸ɡ
ΛJ룬ҪȥΪγܵϵҪȥμңһ
ǲС
ʮ𼱣ÿһӣǺӾΣһ֣˭֪ӻ᲻ѺӽͬȻȥأ
Ͽҵͬ־飬ҲֵıǸܲȰ˷ӵİӴˣ飬֮ôԡ
ӢҲ밡ǲȥΛJôһҵ±ķء
ֻȥҡ
ΛJӢžϣĿźүӣүү
ɽҲΪǺż϶ϱû
үӹϱߣҲûʲôмֵˣȥμҳ
ǾڶȻ˶Ҫﻵˡ
ɽ㿴ҲûãǶμҲȣưϱСҪ󶼲Ӧ𣿡
ΛJҧУϼ㣿
ɡӢ˵ұķóԵģзûԣˡ

Ӣ˶ΛJңСĺԺμֺõģѹֳ궼ķ
μ˸˼λ課֪Ůǻ޲ھ͸ıķ͵֣Ƕӻڲ鰸ֻװʲôû
Ӣ飬˴⣬Ӣô裬ţҪš
ͣǶıķģ˲һ⵰Ļأ˱ǣҲˡ
ΛJû趣ΣӢͬ־
˵ǶμǷأҪ
ͬ־ȳԷɡ
ķĳգպܺõģԣеĻһ£ɡ
ӢҲγһڣĿŵμҵıķ
⼦ûǰƣζǲĤûȥ̫ˣμûǮôôأգȲϣ˼μҵסұķ
ӢȻˣμ׼û˵
ǶμҵˣǶλ誺񣬶Ϳ̲סֹһ䣺Ĵζ̫̣˵ټӵΡ
һ㶼ܱǸ֪˵Ŀζȥġ
̬Ⱥõĸû֮ǰһģһ
Ӣ֣ˣ˭֪᲻ᱳŶٶҲҺȡ

񿴲ȥˣ±ķ˼ۣԭ㲻ôҪ̣ʵ̲ȥ
汣ķ˵Сͬ־Ըķ̫ûòˣ˼ƾʲôĳͲ㶮أ
Ӣĸףûʲôо
֮ǰҪǶΛJǶμҼľͺˣÿܻиʲôһæҳ
ϧѽŵɫ֤Ըĸԭĸ
ӢҲȻ֪ʲôأô̱̽Ķγأ˻黹ȥǰӣ治Ǻûò¼Ϊ𣿡
βѣͷ󣬡ǣûܺŮϣԭĲ¡
ӢЦƾʲôԭ°ֲ衣
ʣôſϰݣ
ӢԶڳˣҪΣҪǸ˵γ񾭲ѡһ
ĻಡأλЧ裬ӷȥ
ΛJ֪Ҫ£̲סĹȻ.衣
裬ͬ־Ϊ˸ģΪ̸ӣطϢɡ
öθط䣬ķȻȥ
æҰѲͳʰߣ׼ʱϰࣿ
ΛJͷһ˿ɻⱣķе㲻Ծ
Űɣͷգϲϰ࣬Ұ󣬻𸴵ģȻȥɡ
ˡ
ΛJӢ뵽鷿ʵͬ־ֻΪ˳ҲˣĻûУĲܵҵʱ䣬˷ӣһӰ
ӢҪζӳ±ķ⣬㿴ǹ𣿡

ΛJֱȷʵķе⡣
һ˽ʵȼԭȵıķˮƽҪߣһʼΪӢѱķǹμѿ
˶ƢķҲˣûд£Ҳ˸Ƣõģ̾ҪӲˡ
ûб¶κβ׷ܲ
ΛJ֪ķﲻˡ
Ƣ̫ˣõ
ӢͷԣǸ˷ӻҲڻ϶İ˺õλƻ͸ҪǮһһҵʱģٺ
ʱ̶ַȣǸʮ̫̫ͻݵġ
ΛJҪϢӢû˵ԭġ
μӦòΪ˵ѣҪ
ķйء
ΛJɫأҼұķʲôϵ
ӢڹӪԷʱǡ࣬ҿκͻӺƣˡ
ӱе䣬ʮͷֱôαװЩһģҾͷǳϵĻӡ
ȷ𣿡ΛJæʵ
ӢܿÿɫȻȷǻӡ
Ļɣֻ˵ֻǻɣʱ̽һ±ķǲǣҪζӳȥˡ
ΛJܸмӢṩҪͻƿڡ
ǻӣܵ̾ӳﵱķǳƣ

ӢȥסĴԺһƬԵܺãǰһſϺˣ˺ǻǧе˷ӡ
ӢҵķñܣôݾߣҪᵽΣˣҿɾˡ
УڴԺС䣬ǸǮʢǡⷿӸʢͬһǺúòһɡ
ΛJʹеѣӢһͨŮӣҲĶ⡣
СգĶǿ
Ӣ֪ΛJʲôֿʼˡ
Զүүˣ˭ٻݣưոݡ
ΛJԺЩʲôɣҲҲ¡
ײһΣı
ѵζӳṩģ㲻Ϊҹ۲ڸƲ⣬ͻܹѵԱɡˡ
ΛJæѹסðͷĻɡ
ͻԵŻоְŽĹ˵ôˣȥɡ
ӢҲ鷳ζӳˡ
ŵʱ򣬶λ誳ͣûγ¡
ҵķŰ뿪ţӢ
ᣬҲѹⱾͲĸĸֳԭġ
ҪѹĻҲ׵ʱ򣬶μѹ

ΛJǿӢȥģӢҪϻؾ￪ְ顣
ΛJӢǹϤĸоˣ̲סʵӢͬ־ʵϻصݵʱǾͷʵռģȥĸҿ԰æ
ӢЦܣһμΛJҵ˺
֪ΪʲôȻϣԭ
ҵôأһĸиƷǸѹζӳ˵Ķ𣿡
ΛJ뵽Լӣͷᡣ
ھȥ˷ӵİӸ
ٴβͷӢһֻۣưһĲǶ˵飬Сʱӡһغˡ
ΛJ֪ΪʲôӢˣӳൽԸ񣬶λȥѾõϹ̡
ΛJͻȻʵСգಡЧ𣿡
Ӣ˿ΛJȻһЦ̬ǿ󵽲ΪκˣҪЧ衣

Ӣҵʱ򣬼СΧڿĵ绰Ըͨ绰ڽ绰Ǻ
ڻ˷Ӻò񣬽ʢҵӸˣ뵽İȥˡ
ʶոյҡ
סӢ£㡣
Ӣմ¥ϴ˯ʵʲôûУ
壬ûҪ£ͦ۵ģһͲӵ绰ֻš
ӢһۣСôܰʵ˵
һ䣬ֳɤӵ˵ûʲô£˵Ҳˣԣʲôʱ˵ˣ
Ӣ߹ȥѻͲº£ȥɣҪ˵Ļ
У˭ϡء
һԵ裬ϡ
ӢЦҪ˵ӲҲȥ
绰ѽ¼Եĸ˺Զ֮ҪȥΛJǻǸıķǻӣٴιȥȷһ¡
ڶζӳѾƣʢĶӦһġ
ǸȥαװָݣΪûʶƣֻҪˣⰸӿ϶ơ
Ӣṩ˶ˣƲˣΛJӳҲˡ
ԶӢʢлл㡣
ӢҿʲôѽҪû£Ǿ͹ҵ绰ɡ
ԶϺˣôܰôͨʱ䣬˵һϻ
ĿڵûˣҪǰƱ㶨ʱ䣬ͷþеȥ㡣
Ӣ£ǱҪȥһ£ȥ֮ǰƻԵԭѡѡ
ӢֺǱ߳ʣΛJҲʢӣҪˡ
ҺӶܣͲԭѣԭﰤʱ䡣
ĺܣٵȵȣʢĶҵٻȥ
ԶԶΛJһư
ͣһᣬԶŵΛJĸ׸Ҵ绰˵Ը϶γо񼲲ӳ
Զûи𸴣ӢΪͷ̫ᣬǾöγΡ
Ӣһ㵣ģһԺþ񲡵ڣӱܷƲô죿
Զ͵͵Ц˼ҽԺûг֤ԺٸΥɻҴֻΪٴþ񼲲Ʋãǰһ㡣
ӢȻ
ԶһʼҪμԼȥѽͣγо񼲲ҽԺǱ߲Ժ֤ԼôΪо񲡣γĻþ񲡵
γĶԶҪĶμҡ
μһʼͿԶĿģûӦү
ǺԶܼ֣ϾȥΣöμûѡ
˹Ȼڵĺܡ
ԶЩӢ̫飬ʵӢ᲻Ҷǰ̫ˣ
Ӣͦõİ˳ɷҪγҲʹ죬һͬѡԣͲҪˡ
Ȼ˳ɷ粻ᣬӢ˵ˣԶ̲ס𴽽Цˡ

Ӣ죬ΛJǱ߻ûиʢҵٴҵӢ
ΛJ˵ǶʮСʱ˶ӢΡ
濴ŴȺƣǳ𣬿һᱨ㣬ĿǰյӦһߡ
ѾˣǰһֱûͻԵĽչӢ춼ûȥСĵط
ǺҲҪԺȰζӳǷӦûŻŻš
ӢֱʵԣζӳҪôϣ
ΛJӢ飬ϣ˵
˵ڡ
һǷҪӢֱ˺Ļ˭Ρ

һͬĻʢû뵽תҵĵһӣǵԼӵıհ
뵽·ӢĸȥվӢҪƱǮǷ顣
־˶һΣٴ鶼ˡ
˼ôҲ˵ڣСͬ־ңҡ
ŲһĸӵŮӣһӢи⣬ĸô죬Զô죿
ӢѾµΛJʢĿġ
ǹȫǷΧڣѰʢСѵ䣬ȷİȫ
һʢӱȥ˳⡢£˷ΧҲ
ڶŻĸӶᱻвҪĵһӡ
ʱ̵ǻ˱Σ̫Ҫˡ
ҪǣǱ߲ܵˣ⼸ͱȶȻԭľɢҲûѡĸѹ
֮죬ȥҽԺ⡣
ڲõˣȰǱ߽ɡ
ܣԱû⡣
ӢζӳʢҪһ£ܸܲŻϳ˼ɣ
ΛJҧ˼
ӢͷУ㣬һϵġ
㣬ͬˣ
ΛJʢĵθأûŮºӢ°
ӢӦˣܡ

ӢԱŴӦģܵģӦҲֻһˡ
Ӣԭʵģζӳһ⡣
ʣֻҪ˵һش𡣡
ҪζӳȥնζӳΣյ𣿡
Ӣһ̵̣ĶΛJѪ졣
áӳñϣΣյҪƴġ
ʢˣСգǲֵҪ󣬻бİ취㲻Ҫˡ
Ӣʢ粻ҪھˣҴӦ˵ͻȥ

Ӧ¶ΛJʢίУӢȥг㹻һµʡ
Ѽⶼɱ˶ռȥռĶᱣ־ֹ״̬һҲỵ
ȥӪ꣬㹻ʳ
ԱϵӢ˵ʱð̲ġž졣
ϵܼҵĹϻǮķˣ˵ԾͲˣ˲˷Ѱ
ӢǸžͰһ̺⡢ʮһ̺㡢زˡһ׷ŵ˿ռ䡣
ؼ˼ˮ洢ռ䣬ˮʳﻹҪˮ洢ԭȿռһˮع˹ˮˮֱӺȲУϴûġ
ֻҪʳˮ㹻ûʲôȶΣյ¶ˡ
ΛJĵʲôΣգӦóȻܡ

ӢԸ⣬ɽԸ⡣
ΛJսľү˵˼ƻʱүӰĲ豭ͷΛJ
̫ǶμҼӺùǰɣõѾţ㹫˽õϱðգǸ𣿡
ΛJվûҶ㣬Ҳû⡣
ʢڶΛJǰ棬ΛJһ豭
үӣҵĴȥΛJŴҵСգ뷨ǾͺˣСղϷ˵Ӧˣͻȥǽ˼ȰȰӢȰ
ɽûߣΪʲôϱĳСӱߣɲΪǡ
ү֪ӢôҲ©ӵͬＸҪʱ̵Ǳ
ӢŴӦģΪǼСʢӣûϵ
лҲˣŵ˺ͶζӳʮСʱСգԲ£һи⣬
⣿ʲôãԶϡ𣬼ϡǲϡ
лھΣҪܻԸҵҺӣүӣҲ֪Ҫˣʵû취ˡ
ɽ治üȥһλĺӵĸס
˭ȰӢľ
ȥԶ绰ԼϱģȥӢȻҲͬ⡣
ΛJ뵽ԶƢȷ֪ͬģӢִ֣Ϸ
ΛJֻܸԶ绰˵ǰ
Ҳͬ⡣Զڵ绰ԥ;ܾˡ
ӢǹְԱûΣϸṩ˹ؼѾһ񡣡
ɷкӣļͥͲҪȥðգΛJûУ°
ǰ÷ʣΛJѣϱ㻹ִүүȰ費ˣҸʮСʱţɡ
Զµ绰ȥˡ
ӢЭԶٲ˽£ίһڵļ١
Զ̶ؾǳˡ
˾еĻվΛJͬȥվսľĸӢˡ
л˵
µС


26 
Ӣһɽˡ
иú͵, һŷ۵СϷ
ǱߵʢСѡ
ʢСЩ࣬Ӣ۾С.һƲҪ, ̣ؼңÿ¡
ã̾ؼҵġ
СһѾɽ죬ɽζ, նڵ¶Ⱥʪȣɽ
Ż谵ú͵ƹ۲춴ڵΣɽĿʮƽС, ۼ, ǴʮˣʮԶͨľͷǹ
Ѱһ, , ˮͳʳУˮžͲ̫ɾ, ʳҲӲͷ, ķ, ӢžŻ
ҲգЩڣÿռʵιʢСѣȵȳȥ, ѯʱҲǸ˵ǡ
ǲ֪ΛJǱ, Ҫҵ
Ӣ˳ͨߵ, ɽĳ, ̽ͷ濴Ŀʮףʮ¥ˡ
ûӡߣ壬ҪȥΣա
ӢֻصɽʢӲɾСôƭ
Сһ˵ӻؼ󣬼ⷿӵķүүշ⣬óԡ
˵үүʮ죬û׼ǮҪܸүү˵ҪԶţҪǮߣھӽ˸ˣ̻賳ˣӼⷿӣֻһһôСģǲ
ڶһ磬Ҫϰ̲࣬ҳȥ緹Ǹүүң˵гײˣ·ڣңҾ˹ȥѹɽˡ
СѺڵĿޣ̣ѾСˣٸİߣҲ֪үүǸˡ
ǮʢھĳѧӢϲżӢ·͵ҶмӢһžųҩ
ͷ˵ѣҪӢ򼸸Ӣ֮ǰͻͬֻû뵽Żķ
ڴԺһլͷҲʽλְ޷һһһʢйһ࣬ûַӣһֱסļᡣ
ǰǮʢķӣνӶǴѶߡ
¹ͷйﻹ䷿⣬ѵҪð͵Ҷ
ǲء
ӢҪն֪ĲҶˡ
ҩ̫Ӣɽˡ
ʵӿǮͷôûУ
ʢӵͷһѹɽڶǮͷӢʱſڶڿˡ
ӵġ
˵ʲôûУ
˵ǸظϱǰظĶӣԺһڣⶴˣʱ򣬾ͷǳȥ
ظ
ⶴﻹиĺӣ

ԶҽԺ˸绰ɽ˵ȥо֣ΪӣӢҪܻؼңúүӸĸӰá
ȻԶû˵ɽҲʶˣĸЦСֻװ£ȸӺס
Զߣо֣칫ɾһû˯ˣΛJѰŻԱĻ㱨
ӢΛJȫǺѪ˿Զ촽ҧƵѪۡ
Զ
ԶߵΛJǰԶʱȭͷһȭҵĵĺ˼ΛJͬ¸סһײİ칫ϡ
ǶӳֵǻŸʲôͷҪҺԶɼܣΛJǳסˡ
˸Զסͬ־ǵ㡣
ǣϱȥնҪǣΛJҵаⶼܸ㻹ʲôӳˣְɡ
ΛJķ꣬ҲܵģЭģ
ԶҪڣ˵˵Ӱɣôϱģ
ΛJĹûڵĲС
֮ŲʶпɵˣķǮʢǮʢСҪҶСչҲǮʢ쳣
ӢĲҶˣû߼׾·ϣǮʢ·˵Ůǰ׼õİ峵Ӣһ·˽ɽ¡
ںĶΛJյĺӼܲɽǮʢӢпܽҵư
Ǯʢ֣ɽʱûҸ̫û뵽ɽˡ
֯һֱ˺üСʱҵ׼ɽǮʢӢ֪
Ǯʢ¶ˣһֱܣѾµҵʬ塣
ǮʢܲӦΪ˱ͬ
Ļ¶ûݣĿǰûȷ֤֤ǻӣҲѸ

ԶľڣڵҪϢˣСöֻ࣬һֵܣҸ
ͷû⵽żҵıԴ˸ӣżұýʱýְѺӸˡ
緢ˮżҺ͹ýƵ̵˯ȥֻһ˳ӻĵУ˸ˣ˸ã˹˻
¸֮һֱ±ķÿҶӣҪȥһˣΪԼĺӺһ̥ǣ̥ǵС͵ߡ
ڵڽϸΛJݵĲ棬˥ߵҩ
ΛJ˵Ϊ˹۲Ҽװϱܷ־ӣؼסӶĵһ죬϶ñ±һ轵βҴţ軹ģÿ춼ȥƣϵı±˥ߵԶҩɷ֡
ԶüΪʲôǽ죬أ±¶
ΛJҪ֪ˡ
ôȥץ
ΛJ͵Ѿͬ¹ȥˣֻĸȥԺģʵʩץ
ΪʲôҪ
ԶЦĸܲǰɣǣӢҲಡ֪Ӣಡȥնϱδ֪ȴĵץ.ܲܵˣ
ΛJĲֱˡ
Ժ˶طխǵпЮʣΛJŰŵץ
ΛJھ͹ȥȥȥ
Զ̬ȻȥץˣȥӢ

أٽϱҪн㣬дûӳԡ
㣬㡣
ԣӣһһ룬òã
عɵĵͷ
һǰӢѶڷ϶ĵڶקͷ棬϶۹ͷըëһ˴룬峤ʲô
ƷǷǳˣˮҲǣӢɾӿռ˼ؼ˸Ķ̷ִӿռˮˮŰϴ׾·ϴɾܿɣֽÿ۱ˢϴ˯ǰҲһ
ɾļأļƽϵɫҲǼƽӣǸ˵˫̥жеĸ硣
صĸ첲ϣһ̥ǣƾ̥Ǻͳ࣬㹻ƽϳʧɢĶˡ
ڹӪЩˣŸշŽռ¶ȣѾˣ¼صĳθܲûóڰ׷а衣
Ѽعһְջɽ
ÿʱ򣬹أֻҪܳȥغӶָ
Ӻʹص˵ǰ˵´ʱ򣬻ϱͶӣԺһڶͲµˡ
С·ȷʵɫġӡڻϣ̥ǣʱ͸⣬·һֱиɾָʹǮʢӸ˹
ؽŶʮ꣬ڶʮ꣬ĿǰǸһ
ӢŽڲϱĿڽн㡣

ʱӢܸ֪ϵѾԱ⸽ˡ
һĶͱϷǳΣҪܣӢҪڶźš
ѶȼյĶᵽڣȼһգ̶Ʈȥϣиģܷ쳣̽顣
֪ǲǶΛJϣɡ
Ź˰СʱѾȵѾԱߣͣס۲죬Ȼһ뿪ǻȥ͹Ԯ
Ӣƾܸ֪ǵϳһǺԶ
ԶӢĲ٣ͬʱӺʹأǱȻȥ֮ѯ⼸ʲôô˵
˵Եĺͷ
˵Ǽֵּģᣬͷ
ǳԹ𣿡
ҡͷû
Ҳ̱̬Ҳ˵
ȻӶ̬ӢǲģܰǳӵļĨȥˡ
ĨȥһƬμ䣬ǵӰ졣

ֹһСʱӢʯȥ֧ԮĶǻˣĲ֪˭
Ӷ̽ͷһɽʩȵǺԶ
ӢԶ
ԶӿٶȣȽıʯͷҵ
УżģҺܺãҲܺá
ռʣò
ԶɺܼҵˣԺԶ͸һôӿٶȽڵλãŸղڵ棬͸Ӣסһֱһֶӡ
Ӣ⼸ȷʵˣһ
Զѹûɿ˼ӢϻŸСɿԱСʢĶʢӡ
ԶղעӢϣ֣ŶڵĹ۱ӢȵСģС䡣
⼸켱ĲԲȣҪҲӣʢ޶סˡ
ԶοСְͣ־棬ʹȥ
ӢԶ˲٣ƣﶼǺѪ˿ӦûôϢ
ֵļĸӣ֪ĸðɣ
˵ЭζӳȥˣܻǲӲӺ;ú壬֪̫ˣ˽ңǲǱץˡ
ԶȻ˹֪ϣǺԲţΪ˲Сĵģ֪װ£˵ʱ͵͵Ŀޡ
ӢҲҲƭ
ɽﲻ˵ĵطԶȸȥ㣬һ²£
һ¡
ӢﻹиӣʮˣмأǼίʧɢǸ˫̥ĸ磬ֶˣҽг㿴һۣϻ̥ǣʧɢĶӲġ
أ
ԶԾڵʱǷѵеľˣǵǾѲ棬ɹ˫̥͵ߵģû֤ݣ没ţˡ
ӾȻǱߣֲɽ
Զʮλ£Ǻôˣ
ӢɽȥӢڶڹĵطȡ
ǺҲʮɣڶڵţҰ
ֻú͵ƣֶ㵽ɽķ϶Ӣȥأ˵Ľˣǵȥǽݵһأǳȥòã
ҡͷ
ӢǺðɣҸȥˣһ˴ɣпյʱ㡣
ԥһ£ǲһ£ջǾӢĸ첲󣬸Ӣߵ˶ڡ
Ǻӣ߸ʵͬ˻ҪЩһװңݸݸߵģӢȫԶ˵İˣغµĺܣҿԶ۾
Ӣ̬ᣬأǽ⼸ҽĹغò㲻ᶼ˰ɣ㻹ûӶòŶ
̧ͷĳ֣лл
Զһʱû⼾˵߼
Ӣ͵кȻллǡ
Զ˼صģͼƽٺƣƽһ˫̥ӣһģӿ̳ģ߶ࡣ
ﲻ⵼Ƥ԰ףܼܵݶˣ촽ļûѪɫİ⺢ӱӢ첲ֳ鿪
ԶŻȵȣҰȥǡ
ƺӢϿɵˣصĵͷ
ӢͻȻ뵽£ʺԶжˣ
ֻλͬ־ҵߣΛJżѡʢ򸾶ڣʮˡ
Ӣ˶һܾ
Զͷȥȳˡ
ӵʱʵ⼸ɽôģҿҪá
ʢӣݡɫ󣬾ͷܺá
ӢǣҸǼͷϴĸɸɾﴢʳȵĳԣȻӶˡ
Զѣһ£ﴨϴ衭
ӢšȻôɾ
ûѹ⣬ſأѹϣ˵ֻϱǰ·ǲеġ
Զ˿ðȫʢӰϣҪקŰȫʵǵĺܿ죬ӰԽԽԶ
ӢͷźԶ˵ĸ߶ȣʼأǲǺ
ƺе㼵ʵȻԸصĵͷңϲȥ

Ӣʢӱҵ󣬶ΛJ˳ɽҵ
Щÿ͵һСºӵһƷһռǣϸ¼ÿӴ͵ģȥռϵΛJѾϵ˼صĸĸ·ĸĸнӺӡ
ռӣоѾɳЭ麢Ӻǵļˣͬʱɳ˾ȥǼӡ
Ѷء
ͬţץ죬ΛJͻµǮܱˣﱧŽңǮ˵űץסϾǮŮǮŮ˻˼ҡ
죬ǻ˼ҵıķһû˺СӤʮǮ񵽽ȥﵽĶȥҸСŮӤͰĺӣŵؾĵطߺ󣬴ȥСӤúᡣ
ߵ·ʱСӤȻֿʼˡ
ҵСӤûͻȥҵĺӿ϶ᱻȥԺǸưһб𣬲ģõ۰Ҳޡ
ǣεſڣιһ࣬ϵ˿ڣ˻
ûʲôԥͰҵСӤ˻ĽҰ⡣

ΛJıķ֣׷ΪʲôҪѼķץˣ
ӳŮʿ˵Ͳˡ
ΛJķ꣬û衣
ǻа˸ӵŽȣ˸ļͥһǹҵıķҪҪھʹְؼҸöӣȥ˵ô˵
С̾ɪɪһܳȥˣ˸ζӳʱǰõָ󣬴绰λ誣ŮʿȰߡ
ΛJ豭ռǽѶңѾסЦ˼
ѶλϣѺ˿ڲ裬㵵Цζһһݵжҩ轵β裬ͨѡ
ΛJڷɽռǣͷѡ
ץ⼸죬ΛJѾ׷Ǯҵ˵ɽˣ
ܵİǮ˵ϣ
ֻҪʲô˵Ҳûа취ҵɽŵСǼġ
ռģһԱʼҲȷ
ǶΛJռʮӣôأ
µ˾ΛJռϵݣʵֻҪ㺢ӵסǧöΛJ֪γĲá
ľܼμұӣһʳǡ

ΛJһռǷȥ˺ü飬û¼ӵú󣬴ȥ
ҵӢʢ֮󣬶ΛJȥϹ̳ҵãõľʿбᣬһźڰŮѧõĺգһ༶ʮĸŮѧϹվм䣬Ц绨
ӢϹʱĳ
ֻǺΛJܼµʱϹ̾ͲЦˣĻңʮȥˡ
ӢŴಡϹ̣ɷĵطڽ⣬ȥеĻ޶ǸಡӤ
ΛJҪȷǰˣǶˡ
ˣǶķϵ
ΛJ˵ڽɣռϼ¼ĺӣЩû¼ģȥˣһҪ©
ҡҡͷûˣҾֵĺӣ¼ռǱ档
ҵĺӣжΛJãСϸĸټ¼ǵĸĸͥΛJⱾռǱܰǼһ
ΛJñ˵ѾˣģҲ˵ġ
ǶΛJѾõҪȷϡ
㰲ǮʢŪĸ첲ҼҶڰݵ˹˥ߵҩûȣ̰ģ͵͵һ͵ˣĿǰҽԺơ
֪ŵģˣѾȫˣʮǰʮǮãûǿշأʵȥˣ
һ£ѶΛJõ˵ܷɢΛJעæȥãûоȥĵ
ֻҪμҲ֪ǮŮ˶ʮϣμҲ᲻ĵġ
ڶΛJõ̹ףΛJҵĸʲڣġ
ϾӺӵĵطǻĽҰ⣬һķϵãСӤѾˡ
ǡ·ҽԺȥڣͻʮǮҸˣѺȥˣʰģǸȱǮģҡ
Ҵźߵ·ӻ΢ĺʱҵĳûôӲ֪ӤȥˣҸطˡ

ķϵ档
ȷ𣿡
ȷǶʱʱ֣ʱ·ݣͷĳ̣Ӧӡ
ܿ϶ĵҼԺܺãԲġ
ΛJʮˣʱ䶼ǵãǺܺá
Ӣĸɷ򣬾ڻƻʱֲҩĻڽü񵽵СӤ
ӢŮҪϻضγľٱ泹׵飬Ҳ֪۵籦ŮǼġ

ΛJ˫Ŀķ죬һԲˣҪ٣Ҫȥˡ

죬㲻ˣ
ΛJͣ½Ųתͷʲôʶγĵ㱨棬ŵҸ׾¥ݿ𣿡
㣬ô֪
ΛJڿֻҪ˾һ°ѱұĸ죬ҽԺֵҽʿұϼҵѣǰˡ
б㶪õʱģˣ֮ǰżҺ͹ýңھ̷ˮϣȫ˯ȥİɣʮȫˮߣлýճĶӣһûŹӶ˵쿪ʼûˣ԰ɣ
ԣŪҶӣǱʲôԣңҸһұʲô
ˣҲƱˣ֪μҪô
ζӳҶõʱĲŸճǲΪ񣬾Ǩŭİɣ޹ġ
޹
ΛJҧѪѪζ¶ǡ
ĸε˷ӣã˾ĳлߴׯҶ㻹ôһԡ
ûУûŻв˵ŮͰڻ̵Ľ⣬ûûʲô𣬶һҪ·
ⳡʮĵӤӣ㡢񡢶γģҺҸĸûһ޹ġ
Ҫ˵޹ֻӢ޹ģ֮֡
ΛJ˵ʧϢɣҵˣڶγģһĸ׽Ǯʢĸ׽棬ӽ쿪ʼҪѧԼ·ˡ
˷ִ磬ΛJΛJ㲻úֲϱⱲӵûжհɣΛJĺôã°ɡ
ΛJЦһǧе˷ӣȰ£Ƿ̡

ӢԶ׼ĸӻϵˡ
֮ǰԶȥгյɫӢϲʮǮˡ
վ̨ϣӢְѲյó̫ʸãԶ֤ǧǰҤƷ
ԶЦ˵Ҫӣô˲յ
Ӣ˵һһȥ֮ݲȡ
á
Զͷ飬ơ
վӢϹŮײĺ˼úԶסˣû£Ĳյûסڵˤˡ
úõ豭һֻʣһ¹µԶͷ
ӢǻȻϧ鶼ˣ˫ɶԵССԸ۵ĺܡ
ײǸŮʮңһⲻǣԲ㣬豭Ǯģ㡣
ʮǮһԣһɶˡ
⣬Ҷ㡣
⳥̬ôӢ˼ˡ
Ůȳ׷۵Ĳ鿴ŮûбˣҶ˵׷ϲһˣ˵ˣҽԺйͬ־ʮСʱţٶġ
Ů˺۾֪Ｑ޲÷ɵҽԺȥ
Ů˴óĲʮǮͬ־Ǯ
Զֻ飬һû飬ǻҪġ
Ů˹ֲ˼ģ˸񣬵ȹʱһⲻǡ
ӢͺԶҲҪҽԺʵ˵ҵǵĺӣҪȥĸҽԺ
ٿӢߵ˴žװȻȻθУ˵ȥҽԺӱ߼Ķȥ
ԶѵϵƬͰվҽԺĿǰֻС·˵Ҫ
ҪӵĲС·ɣ
㣬ô֪
ԶָָӢЦˣС·ϱڻϣ˷ġ
ϲһײȻײˣҪȥˣǶˣлҶӣҲھȫˡ
ӢһѣûȥùˣӢϳɣ·ϸ˵


27 
ĸ˶˹һ, Ӣ˵˻ϵľ
ô˵أҪɥĲ͵һС, ķֲǸɽҲռҲû취ǰ˸ĸˡ
ٸмСͬ־Ƕĸлҵ, ﶼģȫҵĶˡ
ſݵ, Ըðյն, ݶҼһӡ
Ӣ˿ֱʵͽˣЦʵ·裬ְ֡
Ҳ, ڵӢ˵, ֮ǰһλ飬, żҿ˷, бϳˡ
Ӣ, ǼӶˣ
Ѿ߹ǶߵӣŶӶ࣬ںģ岮Ըฺ, Ҳû, סҲӡ
ĸ䲻˵, ɩǽҪּ, ֻʣһ·ˡ
ƯҲܸɣ˵Ҫٻ飬Ұ˺ü󣬶鶼ԸٿǮģҪӡ
ǻѾĸˣ᲻öĺӣԼ˳ȥꡣ
ҲǸģСӹߣǵĸˣĸǱҲ˹ϵ
Ϊ﹤ˣȳ˵ֿ⵱Ա˵ϱλ쵼ǸƵģչʵͽһһķӡ
ǻὭٷҪºӣҰ˳޴ȥˣ˰ѷ
ʱһ취ûУ͸ʶȥķӡ
ٵʱļһǻˣƴ
ԳЦˣǸʵˣһеǷǰܺ󣬰ҿ׿úޣǲ֪ʱҥԿˣ˵ͼҵӣͼӡ
ӢϵɫɫģܴʲôʣǸʵĺˡ
ǣʲôϵأȡûԱ˼ҴףҲû˯˼ҵĴ㵱ʱȥûУ
⻰û˸˵ʱͦŶӳţھͬ£к˭ָָ㣬ҸҪ˵벻ͨͼʲô
ͼҸܽܺӵˣúùӡ
ˣżҼ沣Ҳ˼岮˼ʰߥŰߡ
ȰҪˣҪӻ¿ʼÿҪӵͷӶڶһӾ᲻ˡ
Ҿӵʱûˡ
ʱֻҽԺ˸ӣżҵļ沣֮ļ½ĶŮżҾӡ
ҪǴû˿ӣ·Ҳᶪ
ٳ³һҸйԼҵǾͽ飬Ҽ޹ӣҲвм
ӢԾǻû飬ôôã
ûҵӣ겻Ը飬˵˻һ߰¶һ࣬ûҺˣҼ֣Щ߹Һӣȫ·ˡ
ӢܸʮˣȻϵ̥ǣΛJյĶӵ̥һ
ЦܺðȽӵ·ȥǾͽɡ
꺩һЦ˼Ӳ磬Ǵӽűߵķ֮óһµĺɫëΧ
ʮ·ݣе䣬ҲûΧΧļڡ
͵߶ǰ죬ҵΧ͵Χ˵ӻǵá
ٶ֪ﰡ⼸ôûóҿ
㿴Χܴ̼ܵѹǮء
ӢǻΧϰɣΧǺɫģѹǮģ˵ܴ̼
ãǾ˵ġ
˾۾죬˫ΧΧ˵ĲϣֺɣĽܺÿ
ȻΧΧ֣Χǡð겱Ӻ棬ǿӲҴС̥Ǹסˡ
ӢЦһ£Χܺÿ۹ãиԵ֣Ըһҽ˳˳Ĺƽӡ
㼪ˣллһĵл
Զһ·Ĭ˵Ҳ۲ż˵̬겱Ӻ̥ǣǶΛJ߷ò֤󣬾ϼ¼һµ״ɫ
ӢҲˣ󻹹Χϡ
ȥҽԺӵӣͽٻȥо¼ǼǣоֻΧΧġ
ɫëΧֲڵģΛJĻɡ

С·Ѿת˲ˣĺӶൽ¡
ϣ˵ְ裬ָģ⼸һֱ㣬ȻְҪˣҪһ㣬ԹԵĽаְ裬ǲŲŶ
С·ԥԥҲǵˡ
ǾȲУϤ֮ٽҲеġ
֪ĵĳʹǿˣϻȥϵǴΣҲ뷨
ǸӵĽ·㻹аְ裬ҪϧŶ
˲Ӳþ˾ˡͽ˵Ķԣһʱ䲻֪ͬ˭
ԹԵվڼصߣͷ˾ˣ˵һ˵·ҪҪأ
ݿЦ˿ģֻʢСѿӢǰ˭ɣһھǿĲ
ڿɲǣصûɶ飬ġ
ǽ˵Ҫаְ衣
صͷ۲Ӳӣ
صĻֻй֪ϺͺˣĴУ˾ˣ۸Ӳӣġ
˵סأһӢüЭðɣ
ӦˣмأһԭûС
ظĺ̫ˣм˵
ص˫̥ܵھϹũѧ˾ȳĵһͱˣһһģһضԼĲûôܡ
ǸʮСӣǳ죬ѧУſڵĴүѧУżк
˭뵽˫̥磬µĸܴܵк
ɱǮʢĶС
һվڲſڣº͵Ц磬մ˵绰ҽԺ˵»ˣСʱ͵ҪǻԼĲȰɡ
·Ĳ̫ˣһ·Ҫףڼ裬䲡ôˡ
̰ѹ֪ϡ˲ӲӣдϵĺǱȻվһ飬ᶨıԼľģϵ
ƽĵѾ߳ˣ϶ҵߵĺܿ죬λؾ׾Ҫˡ
һ˲ٻϵˡ
ĲҴ̼磬ǵȰ赽
ǲ⣬˾ˣԼİְ裬ܸǻϵǼҾ䷿ס
صĸˣźǵ۾ԽԽ䣬˿˶ᷢë
η壬ֻһ£Ǽ˶Ȧڣ˾ˣǼǶıɲҪʲôƫĻӣõŶһġ
һãصʵǣʲôܡ
˳⣬Ǳ˼ˡ
ǣżص֣ǵȥһ˵ҵģͲˡ
ڵʱ򣬺ǲ裬˭衣
֪ϱӢҪüأ˴̼źǺͼسȥˡ
룬Ǹ龫ֵС˭֪˵ʲôѽȥɡ

ǿˣСգҼһֱ·˼빤ˣС˵Ǳǹã·ȶˡ
л˼٣úһĶӣᱧʢСѣҽԺſڵӢԶ·İ裬ȥ
ߣٽŲԽԽأеӵ˼ûʧ
ҪǶӲʶô죬Ҫǲϸǻȥô죿
ŲϵĺɫΧǾ볤٣ҽԺŶӣȵٻؼң취еģȽȥӡ
С·ڴϣٲſϵ̥ǣʵÿ̥ǣԼĶӣϤĨġ
ӢҪ̫ңô̼СԽǿᣬ֪ˣҽԺӵ̶ֳȵĽ
ӵͷЦѽηֿʱе㳤㻹ǵ𣿡
·ҡҡͷ治ǵˣᣬȻľ׽
˵ЩСʱ£ӶǵˣĲУⲻֺܹӣʱ̫Сˡ
ᣬָһֱĬĬ꣬壬ϵɫëΧѹǮһȥģ㻹ǵ𣿡
ɫĿС·ƺǼǵһģ겱ϵΧ˺üӡ
ǶҴϣС·һᣬ˵Ǯ𣿡
첻Լ޳Ǯ˶һǮѹǮ飬·˵Χ·ȫѹǮġ
ıϲִӰóһͷϻϻĶͷú˸֡
˫Ųϻݵ·ǰΧӦ͸ϻϲ𣿡
·ϻٿΧ룬ˡ
ְ֡·һѲϻӹڻĲˣҾҪһϻ
Ȼ˺ܶ˺ܶ£ǿҵԸûǡ
ٲţղŽʲô
·Ųϻһ£Žٵ裬㻹ǵԼõģҪѡϲĲϻңҾͽְ֣𣿡
ûôǣ·պͬһ£ĸԼãҪѡǲϻ·ͽְ֣ٱպ󣬾͸곶֤ġ
ѹֲУһһұ·ʹޣǺ˳ˡ
Ӣ͹˲Ӳ֣ȥȻϲţʱһڡ
ϣʵ֪Ϻأ
˵غΣհ˭׽Ͷ˭е⣬ǸϿȥˡ
ӢҲˣԴɽ֮һζûмء
Ǻ֪Сѣ˵ʲôĻ˵ȥ

¥ݼϵţһǲģվ⣬ƼӢǹı˸ƣָָڡ
¥Ǻͼ̨ϣ֪Ͽ̨״ϡ
Сһһо٣˵費˭һ˵ģС˾˵Ľ㣬ҵĶӲӵ裬ǶϱҲϲ裬ȻҪӲӡ绹С˾ˣжƽѽ
Դ˾ˣԲ˺ǵ飬˵վڱ¥ƺһеĹ˺ǲģԶˡ
ͷңǡ
֪ΪʲôΪɽ㱧ûбʢӣǳˡ
˵һС˾˵㻨Ǯ̷дĻܳͷ¶Ŷ
֪Ϸ´ϵֱۣΪʲôҵ㻨ǮΪʲôҪñ˵Ǯ
Ƿۣ˭㻨ǮŲã˾˻һ㣬ôС
֪϶ϼεҧ򡣡
ȥ
źվҪߣһͷ͸ϵĲӢĺǣܳޱȣ㣬ϵһ𡣡
ӢҡҡͷһҪˣȻɡ
صĵͷߡ
Ӣ̾ǲܴߵġ
˼аֵܣܴߣҲģ֪ԭҪĸѹأԹ˲Ͼ
ӢԺҪ㸸ĸֵϰ߰ɡ
һϵʧˣУ𣿡
ӢöҲ˵ģ벻а裬㣬оͽУоȵദŰɡ
ԶϰӢ̬ȣϻع֪ӢҲ֪
ֻǼһӢزг裬˵ܿܡ
Զ˿Ӣ
ӢϺԶ۾ֹ˵ٿңҲǿȴϲ飬һƺαǿ
ԶΣҲ˼м仰˵
ӢԶȥһͷ
ԶûӢҲϵ̥ˣп߶ĶӣףȥоӦòΧӵĸɾܱˣ˻ᷢӺ̥ǣ㿴ô
Ӣ룬ɶûʲô
ǾͲȥ˵
Ҫ̹һ
·ߵģһǨŭ꣬òײž۵ļңɢˣԶ̡
Ӣܶ϶ٲᣬ.ҼķۺõɫëӣϵִϺ·ǶǸģҲûǨŭѽ
Զʧɫʲôʱ£ôû˵
ӢЦ.֮ˣһҾͶĻȥͱмˡ
ԶǺ޴룬Ը˵Ӧ
ӢЩС£Ҿͦģ㲻÷ϣĸӻȥȻٿңһȥɡ
СԶ֪Ϣģޱģһ㡣

Ӣص·Ĳٸӹϵ࣬·Ųϻٱڻ
·ǵӢʱ򣬻ܶõ˻⡣
СױƵİѲϻٸ߸ߣŴŴĵְָ̣Ĳϻ
ÿȥɲٸİߣҲܳİ˵Ķ
·ͷǽ㶼̹ˡ
Ѿժ˲ϵĺΧϸ÷Ž˰ͷʱ򣬺ϵ̥һӾͿˡ
˻ȥҪ֤ˣи˳Բļңϲãͽٿѵӽˡ
ͬ־һҶ֪ôм㣬Ժȥǣһǡ
СӢʵҪȥо˰ɣ
ٶӢ˸моֵĳͣǣȰ£СգһҳԸɡ
Ӣ֪ЩҺӣ绨ˣ˵·Ѷǽġ
ӢԷͲˣһи鷳ٽ㣬ܷ񵥶˵
¹ӢҪʲôæٶˣϵɽ»Ҳ岻ݴǡ
Ѻӽ껳ڷҸС˵Ự
Ӣ¸˵ƽԼ̥ǵСƫִִ̬ţߡ
ζӳ鵽ģǸߵĶӵĺϣһ̥ǣ״ϵ̥״һ£ҲԵϣҸɷ²⣬缫пʧĶӡ
Ҳ֪ҪҪ֪ԾȨǸ㡣
ˣϾɵ¡
Ķû꣬˶ӣĶӡ
ڶҵˣȥҪ֤Ҳκһ㲨ˡ
˾СգллңǱԼȥɽȥ
ӢµٲΪôĸףǨŭ
˿Цɺң첻ǴһյһȥгܲԵһģҳ۰ɡ
ǰڲϹ࣬ãҵһĲյϰ˶ˣλͬ־Ǯû˶ţҪãҲǡ
Ӣ˽˵òߣȷǺԶ
꺢ӣȻͬĲ豭¶ȻᱻҪ߼ۡ
Ӣ磬һˡ
ûû¡꺩ʲô˵ʲôͬ־һڱϾ׳ԿҺС㡣
Ӣָϰ˵ҪߺԶɷҾϲϰұܣ˵
ϰһڴӦӻϬ뵽һˣأһиŮͬ־Ĳյ˵ûˣ˵Ǳߵء

ӢصҽԺǱой£Ѿ·ˣӾͻȥӢͨŵĵַźȥվˡ
ӢźԶҪһܵȥƵֵң仹ڣ컹ݼ٣ΪӢĸСҽԺҪ棬ʹӹˡ
׼ӻȥ
Ӣˣֵ˵
ΛJķַʸøʢˣһǲҪΛJϱˣһȰǣ˵λֵһһҲסġ
ΛJĺԺշ࣬Ϊϱ겻УΛJ.߶Ըסϱλֵһһ
ǾҪɡ
ӢȰս֮ĸ飬ǲģͽܰɣԺΛJ£ʢҲ岻ݴǵİæʱǱϺȾС
ӳУʢ粻Լӳͣһվȫ̽ͣӢҲǸʵĳˡ
лǵ⿪ˣǵģȰ۰ǰʢڴסдǳõ£Щծỹġ
˷ӵ£лͷҲɿˣǵ¥ϲס
ίҵײ̫˳Ǻ˵Ҳǲ˵ˡ
ɣܹʱͺˡӢװʲô֪
ϣɡ
лղǾƽӢھжסһʱ䣬ҵĸӸһ棬ƽȥˡ
һʱزѧУӢĸӣζüˡ
ѾҵˣҪ˼Ҹˣ˵ڡ

¥ϵĵ˲ؾĿǰġְ衯һ㶼ǣûаְ裬ǲǾܸǣһϵأ
뵽ǵЩʾ̰ΣյͷĨȥǲԵģýԶ
վڴǰӢԶסԺ¥棬ͣߣ治ˡ
ɲְ衯Ŵ⡣
ʱ򺫾ԶͷڵĴ̻˻֣ǹɵЦݡ
һֱ֪Ƚ˵Ƚ
Զ㹻弾ϵı仯ǺֺãԼϣ˵û
ٴ̾Ӣվڴǰþöûˣ治ͷһۣ
ӢҲţиĸζֲܣ˵Ҳûܡ
֪һȥ󣬻ٿÿ̫
Ųûͣ٣ˣҪϰߵġ
ԶݺģӢϵðȫŰѳҽԺ
ȥռң
Ѿӻ˼ңһ䷿ҽң˻רְչˡ
Ӣͷϲȥˣܸơ
ţȥ⣬ȻͻؼҰɡ

ؾСӣҧÿ֨죬촽䣬ϵĺǾ㶼˸䡣
ƽٴ̼ӣһڵ˲СӲԶȥ˸ϻˡ
ڵ绰˵ȶҲܽʲôʱʼ˵ġ
ĵս˵һϵȻͲ˵ˡ
㼾ƽ⣬ӱɽʮ꣬һľӢӢչӶӢڣ˸ڶԸĸֵܵⶼ
ʵû취Ӣסһʱ뷨
ӢѾĺӣĶ黹ûû취ٿκ
ȶӣЩݡ
ǰĸЩΪֵ̬أԸ磬Σ첻ҪǺ«׷Ǻ«гҲûл
綪֮󣬶²ԭ򣬼ĸ̹׹ҪǺ«粻ᶪ
ƽӵĺڣ˵ҲپǺ«£̥ǣˣҪǼңҸ̥ǵĺԾԲմ磬忪յĸʡ
˵ĶԸ绹Σ֮ǰܸ˵仰ҽȥԡ
Ҳá
ߵſڣϰĿ̷Ǿ㲻ڡ
һȦҽԺﶼûҵˡ
ƽ벻ͨ.޲öʮСʱ磬ȥأ
ҲˣȥԷ
ͻȻ費ȥүүսסЩʱɣ
ԣƽŶȥ׷ôȥ󣬺үӸճԺɲٸҽԺȥ.׷ҸҴ绰

ңķӵƽĵ绰ûоɽ˵ȥԺſڣŰǾȥ
˵үҲûռǾ㣬λ誺ͶΛJţ˵Ҫڶ¥鷿˭Ҳȥš
鷿ΛJ磬ϸ˺ɽ
滳ǮʢĺӣǮʢȥ˴㽨ûѶ㵽͵͵Ѻ˵һ˼ңѺӴҽԺͿǼˡ
ôߣֻϢͶãĺˣǡʱû˺ӣӾͰõ󡣡
δݣҽԺסԺļƽһӰˣΪǾ䲻ϣŪѲֺ˼꣬ûãƽҵ˫̥һ
γѾǾ֢βˣŵʱ򣬱ң˫̥͵һΪãƻôĹӣѾһСˣڽȡ
ɽڰ֣˵飬֪ˣô
λǣǾֲŮ
ɽǺЦ㣬Ǹٵģô죬ߣ
λԥһ£ǶˣҪһ
ΛJ̳֣֪ܲ˴̼Ͳ֪̬ȣಡ
γһҪߣٲμҵţǰƷȫԴߣӽҵֻӢһ
ΛJ̬ȣúɽ⣬Ȼȥɣϲϵģ˵˲㣬ϱ
ȻģΛJֻ̬һá
μҸߣɽ´ɱӣλˣűκ˶ҪҲŲϱȥ
үӣŸճԺɱסԺˡ
ɽԸͺǳΣǣμҸӴһ֤ݣ˵ӢǼҵĺӣΛJСӣҪá
𾪵ĸռ´ɸֵϣ૲֪˵ʲôˣǣҪ𣿡
ϸƨ
ɽһͨţȥվһ෵̵ĻƱϢһϣһ磬ͽоԶӢĸӻȥ
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øүӿŮʿӶϱĸӳϯʮ硣
ǸҪˡ
ɽǡ£˺ˣȥյɡ
һתĸߵʹСſſ̽ͷ̽ԣղŵ̸ȫˡ
ɽЦеģˣҪܣͶȻϵ˵òã
Сˣֻкǹ飬ͷ֤ûϵ֮ǰҿ϶˵
л˵
µС


28 
Եǰͽӻ˼ưá
١Ůʱû, ԸŮϦദʱ䣬ִڼﰲά豸ҹﶼҪü, ͺŮֻصӤʱǰϸչˡ
ŸսӻŮſ١硣
ŮԵ֣ҲҪ̫ǿҪԼӡȰοѡ
֪֪, ü˶Ȱң˵ҲܣȰҷ, , һΪûм֣ѹĻᣬҵô
١Ů, СѼƯŮ, ϧԶͣ˼ꡣ
˼ᣬŻ˯е, ͻȻ˵, ϻؼ, һЩû𣿡
𣿡١˯ŻԵŮ˲ûвʲô仯
Ѿûˡ
ٴġŲϽŮ, ϶, ɫö, ˵Ҫѹء
١Ļŭ, ҲŮǱ֮ǰɫЩ
ôһ˵ǵأģҲһûˣأ
γĿɨջĿ⣬̫ҳʱע⣬š
γΣ̫١˵Ǿˡ
١翴γĵɫûвɫãĵʶҽƾģҪȥ񲡲س̶ȣ翴á
γᣬûо񲡣Զ̫ˡ
п˵ûо񲡣ľҪȥΡ
Ҫʱ㣬ˣҺдŻûУӣǽزꣿ
˵Ӷϱ١Ҳǲ̫ġ
ٵʱķӻס˼죬˵Ͳˡ
ĸѵմ˫̥㶼ѵ˾ͲҪ
١ʹˣϱ˵ʲôˣϾӴˣҪϱһӡ
С֪֤ȸĸ˺Ҫӹչ˽ص
ɶϱ䵭̬ȣ١治ġ
ұôҰѱķˣҸ£Ҳ˲ˡ
ͽһϵž۰ɣҵıķı̣֪֪ܷġ
ı̣ǸµŮˣγ̲ס˸䡣
ٵʱԥҪҪԶЭͺǻûбӹߵʱķӻСסߵ죬ռҿѺӡ
˺üӣſԺţܻţ˵¥ˤˡ
⵹ڿ¥ݿڣкγļҪ绰Ҽȣ°ѵ绰סҪ
մҵ豾Ͳϲûôý㣬ˤˣԺӸѹˣģõѣҪ
γǻʿÿһӣΣһ֡
ļ尾Ҫô
˵õĻƱģһӣҸӳȥվʮӣʮװսţȻٴ绰
ʮӣƲչ˲ܵ
ʮӣҲ˱ļʱ䣬һֱڶûѹ
˵ʧ¥ݵģعĶγһֱ룬Լģ١޵ԸǲǨŭϱġ
ʱ䣬᲻ʵ»ʧ¥ݵأ

󣬶γܵϵҵţʵ飬㲻ңҾ͸١̣˶ʮӲŴ绰оȻ
Ŷ˺üӣ֮ǰﻹ֪ȥ˼ӡ
סֻʵ˵ʧ¥ݵġ
Ϊʲôγİ˼⣬벻ԭ
ɫ԰ףҲܸԭ򣬵ҿԱ֤ΪҺãĵģԵʧ֡
γѡ˼ܡ
е⣬ĵֱˣ֪Ҳֱյ˫ۡ
١γĵȣ뵽һẫԶӢҪ¸Ӵ̼˶γĵ񾭡
Զ˵ҪӢ⣬û˵㣬ȵôأģ㻹Ǹ.ȥϢɣһΡ
γѿڶ١̣Ҳܵģ㲻߰ɣǽѡ
١絶Զγĵǵɢ
ֲ⣬ô֪ҿǾвǻؼҺúЪȥɡ
١ͿͣǸγҲ
磬뷨ǲһˣ˵һʺԶӢǵĽ顣
١ĬһţԶӢվԺ⣬׼š

ԶüΣ˵Сʱ㣬ܰ㻨Ǯմˮȡ
Ӣ١ӹëһһüֱۣۡģȻһ㴫
Բ𰡣ȵһ̣ѹɣĸѹԡ
١źԶĶСϱ٣ͷϵ׺ĻӸǰȻʧɫ
ƯĳֺãΪΛJǴ˷Ż˺üӣ˵ƽҵĶӶһˡ
ôõĹѹֺԶϲ
١翴óԶϲӢģϲһ˵ǲزסģӢͷʱЦ
ϲһ١ǰûҲ溫Զˣ˶Ӣĺø˲١
ʵСգǲǼִˣǿ⣬᲻Ҳ֣ˣ
ӢҡҡͷţҲ֪ô룬ҵĻ
١类϶ˣϲʺԶԶôأȴһ˽㣬ʶô룿
ԶĬ˺һᣬһᣬſֱϣ˺üΡ
Ȼ˵ǵľ
Ӣô⣬ȷѹϴ˾ϸ»ţ˶ŷų
١綼ˣҾǵ̸ⶼ㿴̬ǲǱȸղŸչ
Ӣͷͬûһܿģ١̣Ǿˣټ
ټ⣬ԶټˣҪԭѹĻûرĶҲ޿ɺǡ

ռҳγĻûߣӢ°һ̧Զǰޣһرһ£
á
ԶץӢϸ׵С֣ţߵγĸǰĲԶĵطվ
ʵ㲻ϺãǸ񼲲ߣ˵ʲô
γĺ۾ΪʲôԶú˵ĻᣬǽζҪ˵ȻԺû˵ˡ
ԶҵһεϵдʱΪʲôȥ
ԶЦΪʲôҪȥӢһͷ˿ΪʲôҪΪ㣬Ӣ
⻰˵̫ˣӢоԶ˿ǳãõ
γˣ۲ѣǰȰŮ뿪㣬ҺԶˡ
裬ǰһϲԶ֪ΪʲôҪȴЭ𣿡
Ҳ벻ףԸ˵ˣ
Ϊʡ
γĻڲΪҼ㣬СҼ𣬺ԶֻʱͼʣΪʲôԶɵ棬棬ѵһȲһɵӣ
ȴһˣǸͷһҿ˵ӰƱҾͽҿӰûңʵѾǲӰˣǿԶȥҾ룬ǸɵöбºԶԺȢǸɵӵϱ
ٺףҲ磬Ҿ룬ҾȸԶˣʱٰ˦ʲôȲҪġ
㣬ôܶǶϷ
񶼾Ů˼ƫˣǸɵӣΪʲôҪɵӽϾ
Ҳ֪ҾǼǶԸɵ޵İݡ
ķ벻ɵʱҲŷ֣ԭӺʱҾϲԶˡ
ֻǺԶʼգûϲ

γĲȰ裬źԶӢ׷ȥһԶվס
ԶŲûͣҲͬ˵ʲôûʲôˡ
γĿܼںԶӢĸǰвĺΣܲˡ
ǴȥϵֻҪ˵飬˵ǣǱıķ¥ݵġ
Ҳ֪ô죬֪˭ֻ뵽㣬ûиһ˵ԶûҿڵĻᡣ
γĴŽѵȻƤߵԶűߡ
Ӣ˦һƣҲˣϸ׵ĸ첲ҡϵİγұȺˡ
γĲΪʲôΪʲôң
ΪִֻΛJӳȻǱıķ¥ݵģҺԶúԶջ񾭲ĳͷɣ
Ҫöγĵ֤ʣͲо񼲲
γľҪúԶѡΪ˴Сƫɵӽ㣬ԶôѡӢί

Ӣ˶γĵСϷôúԶѡء
۵ϷҲ
һƿ𾪻ûˣЦ˵ǲΪ˱ǰ޲Σͽװ񼲲ԶδˣװʲôΪҿ𣿡
ûС
ԶӦ죬ӢģҪγĵ֤ʣҪγĽܷɵƲá
ҪְѶγ͵ʶˡʶˣԶˣֻٻСϱģһҪԶǰΡ
Ȼ޿ɺǣεǶγģʱܻĥƽЩ࣬˵˶ã෹󣬴Ҷ˵Ӣ̫̱һ·γ
ԶҡͷӢҪ
ӢЩ޹ؽҪ·ʲôأҪʲôҪǰ޸ϾɱΣھȥֱγľٱװ񲡶ܷɵƲãҪָ˵
𣿡γգ۾һ£ʵȴǺԶ
ӢߣҪΡ
תͷԶȥ֣ȥȥ
ԶӢѾ̾ս֣һɣұ
һת١ܲסǱϱıķ¥ݵģԺŻڵϡ
һͷΛJ֪ʲôʱˣĿǡ
׷õİɣ
ӢЦζӳãγļװ񼲲ҪûУ˾ץ˰ɡ
ΛJȫǿɬ
Ӣ֪ˣ֪ǶμҵŮ˰ɣ
ģһ㶼ϵĶ԰ɣԿԺںڶμ˵Ŀڻӡ
ɣɣμҰѶγ޷죬á
ΛJľȻߵγĸǰľȻĴóľȻĿ϶γĵ˫֡

ˣƿƲһһƵĴڶΛJϡͷϣϡ
ȻãҪģֲϲڻҪûİǲ˰
ΛJ跢й۾ȴӢҪģȴûбһ졣
ΛJҧˡ
Ӣ뿴ֻǴĹ»ѣֲǶμҵŮΛJҲ¡
γͻȻ裬ˣҲŮְִһʼ֪ҲѾ֪ˡ
ĴΛJȻͣ¡
ΛJһڣŷɤɳƵʲôʱ֪ģ
ʲôʱ֪ԼǶμҵŮ
γ룬ʵ룬һֱǵǸجΡ
ʱɣұŮ˹ߣʱҺú£Ϊ˷ӣҲز
ұ۾ʲôطŮ˵Ŀԣ˷˵㣬ҰĴˣ㿴ٱۡȻǸԵŮ˵ԶҪ֪裬ڶμҺúɡǸ˷ӴӦˣֱ֮˻
γıͻضμſڣղˣμΪγֻ߶˾جΣû˷롣
γԼΪ˿µجΡ
ҸԶ֮鲻ãһ˳ţΪҪȥҰ󸴺ϣһͦڴģ͸Űֺ棬ȥ˽ڣ˵ССķŮ
ûţŵܲˣȥϵҺԶߣкԶô
ǺԶˡ

˵һУγľϵҲûôˡ
ͷ죬ƺܰףôÿġޱ޼ʵգټ֮ûʲô̧ͷˡ
ӢЦӢȥԼѡη̵ġ
ծͽˣǷġ
ܲĲŮһڵ̫࣬죬Ҳĵȥ
ΛJû.ҲЧ裬ۿҪˣΛJ嵽ռҴ绰мȳ
ӢߵߣĿԭ衣
ʱծõ壬Թ
ֽһܣѪѹȶΛJ绰ٳ.ȴܶվˡ
Ӣ̫࣬ɫףվȶ
Զ̫ãʵҪȻȥϢ
Ӣȴȥְɡ
ָָµĲ֪ԵಡܵĲУȴվȫ֪ô¡
Ӣζӳ㿴.ɫಡװİɣȻװģǻȻعְ°ɡ
γıռˣⱻƣʵйĶԭĿǰ֪

ӢԶصңͲӲӣбķڳ
͸ĴȷֵģŹӢͺԶŵһܳʣٳȥ˰ɣ
֪㺫ɽڿ壬̧ͷҲģүүƱһġ
Ӣܹĺǣ˵аȥϴ衣
ɽﱻȳҽԺȹģӢǵһκͺԶһ𣬻ص
ԶҲǣӢ죬ͿһᣬңҽԺͷܣһңиž÷ĲС
ԶȥҲȥ
˲ӲСԴ˵ְ裬һϴɣܿ
һġССĻģȫ
ԶŷָղѿڶĻģͣ½Ųת¥ϺɽЦ
үӲ̫ƭԶͣһ£Ϸ췢̣漴ת¥
¥ڼʱķ䣬Ӣʧٵû˽֮ǰסĺۼ˯ʱ˯£˷ͷϡ
ϣ̨λã߶ҲˣӢ￴أд֣
ԶĿܣЩͷӢûж򿪳룬õֱֻӢûǲõֻ֮ǰŵλòһ
ٴһų룬Զһһֺֽȱһ㣬ԭӢǰдˡ
ǵڱɽ֮ǰдģд˭أ
Զ²ֽĳͻȻǷʲǫ̂ſհֽ滹͸ֽıʼ
ԼԼ֣Զ㿴ŵʱ򡭡

ӢϴԶֽӢھʱ򣬾͸Զдţд棬ʧˣԭҪԶ飬žͻ֪ԭ
дˣ˳ɷʱҲû˳ɷʵɡ
ԭѡԶĻҲȨܡ
Ҳû뵽ԶܴµֽϿıʼ
Ӣװµĵϴǳ˷ϴ裿
Զ̧ͷҧºÿıֽдˣ
ӢǳǳһЦдˣˣûʲôҪ£ˡ
뿴Զָֽ΢΢Ĭòãڲܿʮʮ꣬Ҳ뿴
ԶƲס뿴
ϻغǷٵŸƭˣȷʵС̬
ˣϻÿ𺫾ģ뿴ĶһУԶ˼ĺܻҡ
Ӣֽϸһۣıʺۻңֻģ弸޹ؽҪ֡
¹񣬰·ȥϴ裬ղŻ˵ҪһϴûˣԼȥϴɣ¥ˡ
ԶաźϣӢڣһֳſ򣬴ӢĿơ
ϴһΰֲʱ䣬ҰŷҲ˽
Ӣ
ԶڿЦҿɫڵðݣҪӦĻһܾҪ˿ڼϡ
ѵúԶһΣʱ԰
Ӣôίľܾʱ򣬺ԶͻȻѹԴ˼ȵϢڶߣ¶Ȼ
ӢֱԶһҪƿģպġ
ǧһ֮ʣӢܵĲͷʾ⺫Զ㿴ǲ˭ļ͵أ
ԶѹûƶûֻӢߵӢΪʲô˽أ
ţ
ӢͷԶΪѾ˽ôСģ۾ﶼ⣬ô
Զüۺ˼˵ߣŻŵȥӲ±߸ӡ
Զæ岻㣬㡣

ʱ򣬺ԶһԲӢߴߴ˵£Ҳûƽʱ佱ڳϵĽ
ͱϺӢǰ£ʵҶǳ𣿡
ӢʵǣԶղ˸ңҲǳܣͷš
Զͬʱ¿̧ͷûС
ӢԶԶҲ˿ӢͬʱĿڡ
Ӣûܡ
ԶҲá
ɽϵЦ¿ӣԶ鷿
ӢæȰסԶ죬û˯ûԺãүүҪѵȳϲ裬ɤѵ
ϱ飬ɽˣ̲סЦãǾͳ˷ѵ
ӢԶвˣҲ֨ʲôʲôӢǷһծ
Ϊ˻գӢ˵٣ˮƽӵĲа嶼Բˡ
ˣôܣ˲ϣܳθڲòŶ԰ɡ
Ӣ
ѹȫġ
ˡ
ôһպ࣬󣬺Сˢ룬Ӳȥ㣬Զɽȥ鷿ˡ

ӢǲӲӣǿⲻ⣬ϲ
˲赽鷿ʣ̣ʲôʱ򵽵ģ
磬ȥ˾ˡ
Ѿܼ˵ɽԮӯ
ϱĴûһһֱɽǸǮʢ֮룬ıֻܱ˰ɣ
ⱲӽʢӣİѴҵ
ֱӰӢˡ
˵ӢһߣϽܹ˼٣ߣɰһڼң˺óԵģ˸һݡ
˸ۣ֪ˣͷġ
ѽɶûա
˵ȥȥˡ
Ǹ˸ӣ͵裬˾¼һϰ𣿡
ϰǲϰߵģѡһСķ䣬ԼںڰóԷͳԷϴϴ裬˯˯
ǲ˵ֱ˵ӢĺѡھӣǺͲӲӵĸ裬صӲתɡ
ʼգûӢǰἾȥϵģȻϹÿధ󣬵Ӣûչ˴ص˵Ϲ÷ҲҪӢֵ
ǺͲӲӣǴ˾ͦõģھ죬ͻȥǡ
ӲŴŴ飬裬㲻ܽӴ˾ȥﻹһ䷿ѽ
۰Ͱ͵ţôСô˾ҼԷ˯
̬Ƕһ˵ķҲν
֪ߵӢǰ֪Ӣǲȥϵġ
㣬㿴أ
ӢȻܼҵ£Ǽصı㣬ȥ޿ɺǣᷴԣǲ֪ȥʱڲڡ
ˣ̯£ŵ˰ɡ
ӢЦǶҸȥȥ£˯ĲҼҴҪҼҲ䷹Ҫʳѵġ
Ӣôôء
⾪ϲû뵽Сȴ˻ǰ԰Ѵشȥסһʱ䣬ԾٴӢôظĸһһʱ䡣
̲סһѱסӢ˵ӢҰ㵱õѣ϶Ҫأŵڼ
Ӣ
ѳ˵ƴŪţӢͷʼСҪˣǵպûУ
֪ϵ֮ǰպˡ
Ӣʰʱ򣬳鷿ſڿۡ

鷿ɽϱݵն裬ͨСӰǴĹ۲죬ΪѾ˽ӺϱֱŤࡣ
үӺܿĵҪעƣ֪С޷ֿʮ죬ûţļҶӢǺİģȻ˼һûʱ䣬£ղŹ֣СѾܸˡ
ԶĥһүӵĻ˲ϱ죬ڽͣүүĶȥˣ
ˣүүҲǹˣ㾭ġûģүүȻôְ֣˺˻طȥɣȥû¶ȥɡ
Զ

ԶߵſڣСߴߴƿţһСЬڴϣһһΧӢġ
ԶЦʣڴʲôأ
ǾһöӲң˵ҸǴģղžûһϴ裿
ԶпɵĺΣĵлûУ
ҡͷ˵ҶĵûС
˲Ӳ˵ҶĵС
ԶöǮӲңںǵӮˡ
˲ӲɥΪʲôһϴ裬Ҹǽһϴġ
Ǳȹ˲ӲӻɥҵϣӲӮ壬Ҹ£һֿˣҸӲӹС˾˸㣬ôˡ
ӢЦҪС˾ҲҪһأ
Ǻ꣬ĻֻһˣŹĶ壬Ҳ̫ˡ
Ӣû˵ˡ
ԶСһģӢֿ
˵ڡ
С䣬˯ȥҲҪ˯ˡ
Զطŵʱ򣬡ա˳ְŷˣȷ濪
ȥϴˡ
ȥӢͷû̧ӴϼãƾָһӣºѹǸȥˣҿ
˻ûȵӦˮ
ӢӿʰٶȣˮͣЪŲϴˡ
Ӣתϣ˳һɣ̧ʱӿ죬
Զͷ޽ǵ鷢ϻˮӣ˳Žʵļӽ򦴦䣬˳Ÿ
ӢҲ˳ˮӣͣʵϡ
ҿƲסһ¡
Զ
Ӣ˳ƣƶᴦԶԽŵһ£˵£Ҳûҵ
𣬲ڰ£ڰ棬ûҵǹⲻأ
ɫǰӢ߰ģƺԶҲòȥ
Ӣ룬ֻҪΣԶͲ˼Σԣġ
ԣӢ˵ֲ䣬Ҳͱˣ˯ҲС


29 
Զ, ѡλӢý֮ľ벻磬Ӣܸܵ
ӢҲǱء
׼˯, Զ˵Эʱķ׼ˡ
Ӣһ㶼ˣյĲУԶϴô, ԭзġ
缸춼£ؼʱ治ԡ
һɶˣԭѹ, Ȼ߹֪ϺͲӲ, ںԶ˯˵ĸˡ
ֻºԶѹ
Ӣ˺һᣬҧгݵʣΪʲôǽ죿
ţ
Ϊʲôǽ죿
Ӣÿüһ·ʵĸ, һ, ģΪʲô, Ϊ, аȫ𣿡
Զ𣿡
ԡӢʵʵ˵, ̫ˣҪ죿
ԶÿĿϣӢܴɫ, ơ
ѹʧĻ䡣
Ӣһ, Ǿܾһη, ҪҪӦô
Ҳһ, Զ˵ƣŴ¡
û취˲˯ɡ

㲻ӢԶĸӣѾ˻վ
ɽ״ܱȵǰԶ̨ϸ˼˵ʲôɽƵƵͷ
קקӢӣӲϳڣ裬㿴ӵܵܡ
Ӣˣлʢӣ̨ͳ̹֦Ӣûȥк
ʢߣܼᶨı̬裬ҵлҵŮ˻ǼٿǷӣҪãѾӸգлҵӴʢңⲻʡ
̹֦̬ȵתˣֻܼϣӣֻаѺӴȥӲŻǮؼҡ
ŵӸ̻ϼҺòãԡ
ӲԸȥְһ𣬡̣õǳ԰ɣҰְóԵĸҳԵģŰûԣҲġ
лͷһů׶ӵСת̹֦裬ԺϷѣÿ¶㣬ٵġ
һʮǮܹɶ
лЦʮǮʮ⣬ʮף㹻ˣҪǾøˣȥλӣҿɸ˵ˣҪû˹ÿʮǮûˡ
̹֦ӣǶӼҵĻڱϣϱǻӶսлӣǲܰлҵӴˡ
ݺݵĵ˶һۣ±˲֪Ůˡ
˵޺޵˻𳵡
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лɷӢкŻϼҵġ
ӢЦʣˣ
лһЦǿɲлӣڱϵǼǵҲúˡ
ӢҲǸð취ԶԺ˺ӣҲպòã
̨ýÿ͡гԱЦӯӯĿűʻˣӣ϶һڴӦ
ȴӦǺɽֺǺǵĵСֻҪٸСգүүûġ
үӻͷԶҧĽ촽ҲӦϱĿ֮¶һ
ͷҪģɽʲô飬׵ƵģԣˣҪţǴӳ㲻ɣϳúøϱǡ
ʢæԲźԶͷȰĶĺӣ˭ʲôϵأԶû뵽Ҳôظϳúúϱɱˡ
ԶɬǵģΪգΪӸ˭գֻûиȡֵĻˡ
л䲻̫˽⺫ԶֻȰӢӢһصӣϣһСϳܡ
˶Ҫӣͷ˵ӸŮգǸеĶܲˣʢ绹ŮأҲǳ˶£ˣӸյġ
ӢѹΪЩС
²⺫ԶҲǣӦûΪϡ񡯲гɣ
Ǻģ費ҸգҸգǣѺϰ
˲ӲӽĲҲպˣղӲӣ˳Щ
ӢЦˣ𳵻ӷгԱѾߴûǳÿ͡³͸ÿͣץʱϳ
ȥһ·ӢûлָкԶڣҪԷˡҪϲˡҪȥ͸ˣţӢ˯һ·
֪ϲԹɫһ·ͽ㶼ûô˵ȷʵ񳳼ˡ
˽Ӣ㣬ˣҾýͦõģңҲһнˡ
ӢɣˣʹŲӲӸȥ
֪ѹĿˣҪɣôأ㣬ôأ˵ͲӲӸ㣬Ҹ򡣡
ӢԶ΢ϵΪصĺܺãԭˣźǼĹ
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϶ıɰ֣˾˾ˣ㷿׼ûС
米źǣﻹǣŹ˲ӲӣֺǺǵĵ׼ˣ㿴Ĳʵģɰٸġ
Զ֮ǰѼԿ׸ң֪ǻѾǰϹϡ˿ë⡢ټӰ˸ʳôͷ
Ҳһˡ
ÿһڣ˵壬տԵİҹܷء
ھǱߣԼĪůģɰֲôĺӣ˰Ҫġ
ԶûĽж죬̺ӣԼؼȥ
극굽ˢĹ֪ϣСϸ˵˵ôˣ
֪ϲ໨ˣҡͷ˵֪˵Ҳ²š
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ӢĹȥɣˢûɣȥá
ﶼС
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ҲУƷȫġ
ӢҲˣͺԶſڣûǸȥ߼Ĳյ
Ӣеһյѵ͸˵ģ
ͲᣬСġ
һתֻ˷䣬˺Զٻؼңŵ˵Ͳˣˣȥɡ

ڳ۾һֱעˣԶڳſͣһ£꼸Сߡ
ֱ۸ܳȥͶ塣
Ժţ¹⣬Զ˺ֹı飬ûϵģл˵˵ͻȥ
ѵúƢ󣬡Ҫܣ㲻˸յôóԼ˵ˣһǶûӹˣٸˣôأ
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ԣɻ壬ʵҳߣǸˣôСͻɣӺɷȵͷϸô˵˰һȥˡ
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ĵСգǲǼ°¾Ϣ졣
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Ӣѯڵ⼸죬ʲô̼ˣ
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Ӣװη壬㣬Թ˼䣬ܳһֻǾͰȫļɡ
λͬ־ҡ뿪ţҪǵĹ
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½͵ЬǸҵģϢСʱյģûе
˵մһװĴ߸ʮЬӣ˫ЬӲʮһ룬ϡ
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Ӣҡͷһҩ̫ڶ²ٳԸʮ¶ͣҩˣ͵Ҫ벹һ.ҹεˮ׼Ҳʵ
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СսʿӪλðɡ
Զ򷹵ĴɨһۣûӢҲǣӢԼòڴڴ򷹴ˡ
ôҲأ
ԶСսʿҡҡͷŵ˶棬ŵʱԶ˵ԸӪʳõ°ţȫȰ˻ȥ
Сͬ־ҪԼؼȥˡ
Զʧ䣬˵⼸첻ؼңӢʳϰ࣬뵱ʵĻᶼûˡ
Զ˳ƴһԵ¼Ͼһʢ¼һһľĬţ˫
ӿԶժժײԶ˵˫̧ͣʵײʲô
üЦŲţһ.ҹλĴΣ
ʲôԶԡ
װװϱǸϱһ.ҹΣٵİɣ
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˵ҸҲϱƤ˼һܴҽѧĽǶȸգĲΣ㻹˼Ρ
⵹ʵӢⱾ£˾߳ܵʱ򣬿Ƶ̬ȣǶ˼Ρ
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һʮˮ룬ͻһ˲֪ƣҪԿģǵÿϱҩNɪʲôѽ

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ĸӷѧӢͰû˹ǰǼ˵ˡ
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áƨߵĸŹ֪Ϲȥˡ
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ûԶæھӪ˵˶ûС
ǡù˳ɷ绰ʣµĸ͹ù֪ڼԺſڵ
Ӣûˣû¶˵ȥðɣʡһˡ
绰ͷ˳ɷһ£ԴЭֿӢöܶһ档
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ǳԷĵ㣬ⲻ󣬻ظиӪ꣬ڷԣԼ˹˳ɷڹӪ档
ӢȼСѧˣ˵ҪȥأüԼԷõ
Ӣţ¹һ·ӪҵվڵСսʿ˵Ҷ塣
СսʿСܵһûΪӪҳʲô£Ҳͬɱȥ֪ͨԶ
Ƭ̺󣬺Զð˰׳̵ٶȳһѸ̱ڵϵĺﲻɵ˵ʲô£

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ȥҲӲӰְˡ
ܻаٷ֮ʮĸʣ˫Ϊʲô˵ƽƫĲ
С˵Ǹվûо
ԶѾоԼˣɫ԰ֽ˼Сһѷס
ĿŶ壬ѼӲôˣҳߣ첻ؼңΪЭ
֪Ͻȥ׷

˳ɷǸʱˣ׼ʱĹӪſڣ˼ӣûӢʶĴһȦŷӢѾڹӪˡ
˽ȥӢһһĸһ׷Ϻ⣬ۿʪ󣬺۾޺޵İһ׷
߳ԣˮۿ
ʲôίҪԴȣйеί
˳ɷҳһţǿװ򶨴кӢá
Ӣ̧ͷۣǹ˳ɷ磬߸ߴ󣬴źڿ۾Ρ˹ġкһӾͿί˿С
ȺԶǹĶˡ
ԭ˵۹൱
Ӣź׷˰³Էɡ
ĬĬİˣӢɨһ룬˳ɷûԶ١
ǹ˳ɷԽԽľӢòˡԽн˿ҪģϣһڶԣСĳԵҲһ³
ɽӢã˰ӵĿϣĽҲԵˣͺ⼸רųԸġ
˳ɷѹͷĺ˼룬ʵӢã㣬ôˣʲôԸĻԸ˵˵
˵ĹвǼٵģϧǸġ
ΪԭӢ£ԭĸѹᶼҪù˳ɷ֪ҪģһԭǸӢ
Ӣ˳ɷ磬Һѹ
ʲô¶ܹȥģ𼱣˵
ǣҰµǰˣûǮԷˣﻹĸӣ˵ô죿
˳ɷ磺
һӣҪʲôˣ
ӢĵǽٷǮ
˳ɷ˶ˣⲻӢõԸӢþϸ㣬Ӳķ
սľʣô
ԣ¸µĸѣǰҿԸվݡ
˳ɷˣộΪ˶ҪʮǮС£֪˵һͺãڹӪ꣬һȫ.ɵķˣ
˳ɷշĹʣҲȥٴӴȡ˸㡣
Ӣﰵ̾⣬ɺޱһҪ
Ȼ˶Ǳ˼ҵģôһԱȣǸܾӪס˼첻ؼҵĺԶӢ
׳һźÿľΣԶȻһ㶼û

ӢҷԱҪֽͱʣдǰյ¸¸ѵ˳ɷ磬֮ǰûд±ʼ
ԶԭּϻֽıʷϣҲֲܷͬ
˳ɷӹȻӢϣֶøɸһ
Ӣʵģԭıʼϻظӣԭıʼֻǽ첻Ըģˡ
ԶǷѾյţõҲԼıʼ
Ӣ˳ɷ磬Ǹˣкñġ
˳ɷһƬհף˵ˣӢã㡭
ˣ㸶Ǯˣټ
ԭȻ˳ɷ磬һٷ֡

ճӪĴţԶվ·ߣֱ㶵ĿӢ
Ӣ
ĸѻûüأԶôˣ
Ǹ˳ɷ˶ԶɫôԼԼϷһ
Ӣ߹ȥ͵ҹ˳ɷøѵģҪСʱһԷˣûУ
Զеҡͷ
ǻؼҰɣӦûгԵġ
áԶϷص
û߼˳ɷӺ׷˳Ӣá
Ӣͷ˳ɷ罹԰׵ҪʲôµʱһֱϷ״̬ĺԶ֪ʲô裬̧Ÿ˳ɷ߳Զ
㼱ʲôڻϱеѧʶ𣿡
Ӣ
˳ɷ磺
𿴹˳ɷ˹˹ĵģ˼Ҳһװߵĸ߸ģ»ˡ
ѵˣûǮԷˣǮôûǮԷʲôԵģ
Զ
Ӣ
Զ룬۱ˣӾлүүָӢС⣬ԣҽ˳ɷİɣ
˳ɷ룬ǲӢãԷǮûˣԶ⹷䲻
Ӣ룬ǰεִԹؼԺͲӼԺļǣԶˡ
嶯ûǵĹˣһԲִˣȫû·һȭһţһͬ͸һֶݡ
ӢôȰ˭ס֡
ֵԽԽ࣬ӢҪ£Ҫ֣˭ϴǰɡ
ܣ嵽м䣬ֿˣһһ˦ȥԶ
ˣΪŮ˴ܣǶˣôǿõǴ𣬶ҹؼȥ
ˣڻҪټһ뺷ǰޡΣһװ˼嵽ûɽˡ

Զˣ˳ɷҲòȥӢһ·϶ûԶ⹷˵
ſڵʱĸСӭӳǺеر壬绰ˣ˵ⰢˣһҪŶ
ӢһԺǽ˿ԭˣ塣
ԶĬĸӢ˼ţһԲȥԺϴ䣬һ¸ղŴܴ·ˮͷˢ
ֱ۳ϴǽڣͷڸ첲ϣˮʡ
ھһˡ
л˵
Զվȫʳ˵ģʼϱ


30 
Զһϴ˰Сʱ, ȫûƽʱʱѾָƽ
ˮģѪ˿ȥ, ս
صݣĻϴͷķڷſڣҵķŽգŷ͸ů⣬Ӣû˯, ƣϳˡ
Զϴʱ˰׼Ǳ, ûϵġ
Ϊ˹˳ɷ, ڰɣ㻥Źûȫ
ѵΪȶ֣
÷, , Ӣܽ𣿡
û, ĶûС
ԶҧŴ, վſڷʡһ, תݣӼС̽Ŀ⣬ӺԺ˺ǽϵҲ
Ƭ̺Ӣɫ˯, », ѩ׵ļӲһֱ쵽ǰҿ, ӰӰ´¡
ӢƲǰ, ޱ飬Զ뿪ڣӢǣŲһЦ
Цݴࡢ޺ͷ¹⻹ͷ泩ͷеӢҡ
û˵꣬Ӣϸ׵ָŴĶ˿ڣһӣѴ˿Ϸ죬סЦȻ
Զȥˡ
ѹ˵Ӣⴰû˨Ҳûаȫ
Ӣûǰɣ
Ҳûš
ԶѰ˼ӴݡʹӷŽݣֱ𱻴ĸж١
һֹ̫ۣԶϷĴ㡣
صݣĸСŸԵſֻġġСѾȻգűĵС
֪ǺϣѾķ䣬ǽƽо˵汻ͷɨسŵĺԶ˯Ĵ
⼸Ƿպһ°ɣͱӪˡ
ö̲̫ߵӣأֻǽжȥ׷ûӲӰְ֣̫СˣȻ
ʹˣǧ䰡
˭Ӯˣ
ʲôԶס
ܰ
ԶϲŹεĹ򦣬滹ûɢ࣬ô֪ģ
򣬱ĵ֪ϸڹӪ·ϴܣԺ˿ˣͰˣȫԺ֪ˣԣ˭Ӯˣ
Զ˭û𣿡
͹֪϶һۣ׷ѵкĸģǶӮ˻ǹ֪ϸӮˣ˵Ҫˢһڵء
ѵӮ
Զһĵ֪ϸһƽ֡
Ȼ˵ӢҲ֪Ķô󾢣ŭ嵲м䣬ʱ˳ɷ綼ˡ
˳ɷҪģûӢ˵˾仰Ȼ˳ɷͱӢһһӳȥԶ
С쳣Ź˳ɷҲ˵ġ
Ҫǽˣ͸˳ɷ統ִӢĲݡ
ԶĿСϣӢ䣬ʵĳãǨŭ˭ǶǺͲӲӡ
ǲӲӣݿ裬ˣ
ѽӲݿˡ
קõС֣ɵקɵƵĿһһСֲŲҪȥ˯ˡ
Զ
귿䣬ڹ֪̺õоϴպһϣڶһ磬緹ˣӢķŻǽš
Զŵģֶˣͷ˵հѹˣ˯ɡ
Զ˽ŲҴҳ緹һؾӪȥʦǱ߼֡
֪ҧͷֹӵһţŸл˵
ԶͷŹ֪ϣôˣ
֪֧֧ᣬ˵ÿĩ綼ҪԺſڽͲӲӣܼܲȥ
Ҳ֪Ҫȥſڿȵ˵㣬ҪҸӲӾͻ
Զֵ˹˳ɷӺӵӣ֮ǰ͹һء
Ӳȥɡ
ǼӰ緹ˣĨ壬㲻ǰɣԼˣҪӲһȥĹ˰ְ֡
Ҫҹ˰ְȷһ£˴ܵ˭Ӯˡ
ԶУȥɡ
ԶصӪƽѾˣµίûΣʦ̹ϴ󣬡ͷ˴ˡ
ʦϾԼϱˣԶϢˣϱǰڹӪꡢĿ֮³˶ٷѣС׷ϱֳ˵ȥʹһϣߵļԺûв֪ġ
ʦӣɸ֣ϱô𣬵ָǰܣȶֵģϱĶţһݼܲģҸ㣬Ҫ˻쵼ͶߣųԹɡ
ԶǻŹֿɲᣬˡ
ʦЦ˼ǲǻлл㣿ȥдȥ

ģڼҩƣҪɷһȥλ
ڼŹİӰ޸ĳİƷͼֽſڻЬȰȥʲôأСԼܴ
ޥͷʣǻص˱ǾĴˣܾôˣ㵱쵼ģС˳ͷ
ڿɱϱԶˡ
϶ȥҺԶ쵼ͶߣԶȶ֣ǱضҪСͬ־ҪԶӵģֺ˲ãõķʽ䴦
ޥ뷨СȥҪ˵棬ɲܺϡࡣ
ھˣʹˣôȥҶԷ쵼״ǿɶˡ
ҹ˳ɷӢĴ㲻û溫Զ˵ء
ϵĹȻûԼϱҪ׿˳ɷһĻûϰ㣬ȥСоᣬҩƣ˳ʹ˳ɷҪҪ쵼棬ҺԶ쵼Ҫ˵
˳ɷϰһȭ໹ûɢİңæſ˰޵е
ϵּо˰ޣӢõıʼ
һʧ䣬Ըı䣬ζҲ䣬ǱʼԲȫͬıʷ档
Ӣõһճ˱ϱ߼¼εıʼ㣬ϣʷԾѷּҲܿһ˵ԸʧӢãǰӢȫͬԸ
ϣӢǹģĲͬ
ߵʱ˵Ǹˣкñ
ӢǲǰǸӢãǸù
˳ɷˣޥ˾䣺Сˣʲôأ£Ͻġ
˳ɷعʲô
ԶСռҵǸ㿴ȻӣϻûˣȥҽԺȥǾҽԺҵҪԶ벻ˡ
˳ɷæòãϲȫֺͬ־Ҳ嶯ˣǻŹһ룬ûҪֵ˫ĵλңҸҲᣬΪľҪؼɣ۾۸˵ǰɣ
û𣿡ޥһǻŹĲƽϢһ롣
û£ȥԺӺȥ
ӰǺԶԸ⣿
˳ɷ룬ԶǸС۵ˣȥɣӣ˵ӵ¡

˳ɷߵʮ͵˷ſڣߵʮ壬ĸӣǣִӼԺӢͺԶû͡
˳ɷ첽ȥ⻹ǵһμԶҵСأҪԶᵽϵһȭͷ㿪ͺˣʵڲĸӴϱȲϺԶ
ѹ
֪ϵ磬ǽһȥ
˳ɷº͵ЦȻˣϻʲô̫ˮѾ˳ģͣһ𿴿
İ
¶ݵ񣬡ѧҾǲһһΪ˵ǸϴĻ̫ӸҲҪü꣬Ū˰Ҳ̫˰ɡ
˳ɷԽǫ飬ãѵġ
ɣ˵ѹԶ
ˣ˰ְ֣ܰ۾ժ𣿡
ôˣ˳ɷ粻ס
ǽ˵۾òȲҶˣҶһװ˰ˣС˾˵˰һߣ㰫һ磬ٲ˧ԿŶ
˳ɷ磺ûе£ҾһߣЬӸһߵġ
ͷ룬ؼҪʶ壬һ˰ˣǾߣǴЬӵߡ
˳ɷСȥСԴȥĿƼݿչȥӪԷιۿòã
áĸСԽг൱⡣
·ϣҲûзŹ˳ɷѾ˵࣬˰֣Ҷܣ˭Ӯˣ
ô˵
˵ƽ֡
˳ɷ˿˵ţ壬ƽ֡

ԶȥӪǱ˳ɷߣĩӢһڼҡ
һͦӴϷѪ״̬ˣ
ԭѡ壬ζԭ˾޴
ԭЦòȥ˳ɷ磬˹˲Ӳĸ׵ݣ˹ȥʮýĸĸֵܡ
øӢӴֻݻţռҵ˷ܡ
ǹǸĺˣ
Ӣжֿġ
ǰͷһɨգڵˣҪúù滮һ¡
Ҫҷݹ
Ǹ緹ӢҴҳ˼ڣȥĻصλֵ˿ȷʵûжйġ
ĹǷ䡢棬еĴҵ궼Ӣļ׵ľǿλ
Ǿô࣬Ҳ˶ܸҪȻ֮ǰʳҲڳһЩλ¡
ӢڹӪԱ˵ûӣͱһƴѵҵϣӢŻµĲȹϡ
ȹӣŵһ
ӢҪ˹Ȼ̫Nɪɣ;˳õðݣ粻ұ
Ӣһӣѡ
ѾĦȭƣŹʱȥȸӡ
Ӣʱ˱ŭѹͬ־ǸҪ·ҽϱϴɾ
ղŰŮҲί˵Ǹͬ־ŰϴҲС
ӢԷޣ񾭲ɣ
еģִţвɡ
תͷŮˣ㣬㻹ܸ˰ɣ
ίסԺˡ
Ů˸ί.ҹŮˣû㲻ˡ
ǱұҵĶ˵ı㲻Ըˣʲô
һȱ˴ˣн鱧СʵӳӶ𣬸ϽѺӸͻ
֧֧ᣬ˵Ѿͷİָ壬ߡ
ѾͶѾʱҲô˵ģҪˣܵȵ죿
裬밤ǰɣ
ҴңҾͱץ.衣
ܱš
ǽѾͻ
˵Ѿַ塭
Ӣֱӱ˾

ɳ˱¼ǻصĻ㼼ԱŵֻҪŮ˲ٶŶ֣ٴţŮ˲֪ͨ˵쵼ܸ쵼ϸߣҪֵܴġ
Ӣ̾Ϊֹٹమɱķޡ
ż´Ѿһˡ
Ҳˣ˱һңľɫСܸСļͥⲻΥΪ
ЩûеСɴͱȥˣЩСŮӣɽǵͯϱġ
˱ھע⵽ˣй۲졢ٱṩץһҵ֤ץʱǡøѾȻ
֤ڸǰѾȷʵǱأ˳ױˡ
λΪ񣬴ɳͬ־˰ɣ˵Ž״ȥܸ鰲Ÿ
ɳλҪ󣬲ûи׼ȷ𸴣ǿ϶ġ
һǣüСннͷȥʰɣȻǲҴƱǰиΪΪش֣ŵʳƷȥˡ
ӢϻһδʱЭץ˷ӣǾôûܸŹأ
ӢǰʵǸ£ЭץǱʮ˷ӣ˰˸СĻ֯ܿǸŸ𣿡
Ȼ𾴣⿴ȥ겻СȻ´󹦡
˵ǳɳϴǸУ˵ݵݣȱư˳ļСʣͨнֻҪûĻ
漴ɻϵûشİ
Ӣһ£ء
Ȼ򣬡ذĸУȥǵĹ֤ͽʿܸܲŸ
ӢΪɶھеʱ򣬶ûнأ
ǾƷвҪ
ɣ̫Ҫˡ
֪УӢߵ˹磬ѻָǵʱѾ绰ͨ˾йֵĵ绰
ߵʵϰС̾Ӣӡ̣׿ͬ־ΣΪСԸնĸƷ̸٣͵ȻЦͽ˹Ŀ
ͬ־Ʒ񻹸С
ȶ빦ʶûʽˣ̫˾ˣ
ԣӢʵ𡢽ʱʵϰС̾׳һӢ̬ѵĴʡ
ζӰģѾˣһΪ֤顢˰ٿǮ𡣡
ð죬λͬ־󹦵Ӣǽյλҫͬ־ǵ֧𣬷𣿿аֻҪͨĻ
궼仧Уͬ־ǰ˰ٿǮĽʲôʱ죬˰ʲôҪǰ˸ܺͥ
ʵϰС̾վ˸񣬡ͬ־˼̫ˣǰ˸лл㣡
ΛJʢŽֻͬ־֣²µΰʣ嵽̨ʣ˭ģ
Ӣͬ־
ΛJһѸ绰ͲߣеûӳĳȣӢ˵
绰ѾæˣΛJزȥ绰ͷռߡ
Ǹͨ·ˣʮӣȶΛJòײͨӪҵԱ˵ǸƯϴСѾߵĿӰˡ
ΛJϸϸʵϰС̾Ӣ˵ÿһ֣ûᵽң
С̾߶£ûûа˽𡢹ʽܲͨķʽʼģ˵չ涨뱾ȡͬ־˼̫ˣ˵Ǿˣ˰ٿ鶼ء
ΛJӻ֣Сʵϰ˵ˡ
ӢƷе˰ٿ鶼ǲоָ򽻵İɡ
޶μӦòǣֻôһ滻˰ٿ飬鷳

˰ٿ鰡ӢֻǾɥһСͺˣǮ֮׼һ˰ٿʲôأ˾͵ˡ
еϧҪϵΰǲ߿˽͵ɻǻеģͨɫֱ˻ˣЭץˣ󹦣ݹҲǰ취
ӱϾӢֻС͵СռС˵ģûҵʲôĻ
һֱߵũũǱ߻濴նˣһ˵ѾصĿˣϱģֹһ
˹˹ģѷ˾ݵûСǸ˵ȻȽϸ̬Ƥܰףϵˣ̫ǿˣûô׵ġ
ӢһۣҲµɨ·Ӣ˶࿴ۡ
Ӣ˸ۣĵ˾䡰.åм·߿ˡ
ŷʱŮ˶Ḭ̇Ӧ
Ҳֻ̣Աߵĸ߸׺˲˸񣬰̣漴ֱӣޱĶӢӰ
̬ºһЦһ໰СƤҲߵΰãǱߣӣòһ춼
ǡôũ߳ɫ΢ڣΪݣһװͦε
̬̣ӭȥЦС£Ҹ㿼ǵôˣֻҪӦˣ³ɺܸ㷵ܰھз乤ѵ㻹ɽˮһӵƼһ֪ࣿ
ܾ裬ҲڱҲɵ
̬ЦũμСƤͲǿ˯ˣ㻹ܷãҪʹμҵŮҲ·
ûˣעԶ˵ӢĿʼӢıӰϡ
ղȰ۾У漴ЦۣãûǲŽһƯţ̻׾һͲǱˣǻļǾôȤ԰ǽǰ
ջĿ⣬ޱ飬Ҳ֪ôʶģҲ˴򽻵
Цˣ
˵ֱΣգûӶ˼
̬ˡ͡Цˣ˵ǽֻ˳һ䣬㲻ᵱ˰ɣ֪Ǿ˼ôʲô𣬿ͦģӦò߰ɡ
Ӫϵľ˼ߴﵽĳЩ涨ñ
̬ű˱䣬漴мְλ͵ʮʮ˰ɣղСҲͶʮңյ߷ɹ涨Ľɣ
ЦôǽǺڰ治ԣ
촽תũ

Զʳ˲඼ˣŴ˷ˣһӣ߳İ˷һٷٶȣ˹˹ġ첻ĳ͡
ǰʮʮ˶ͬӣˢˢ¡
Զ̧ͷ˸񣬡šš
곤ЩЦĺԶ򣬽¡
żɽһѪʣˣ
С
ϱǰ򰡡
ǰ봦ң
ŹЦſ񣬡ĺãûӶ
θŲ˳һţ͵͵СĻص쵼ͶߣǿصеλרҶǱĶĲںӣû϶ǳԿġ
ԶҲڣûչţڵľ˰ɡ
ŻҪԶͨи뽻㡣
Զֵܼ֣ɫǡ
ǽӵɿ߱֯ͨڹڵĶӣԤıҪһλлصרңǱ֯ڹڵİ׮
Զ֣λרǹ˳ɷ磿
Ŀǣһ׼򣬾Ǳ֤רҵİȫԲܱǰ˰󵽾⣬ˣȻˣǵߣǿ϶
ԶųţϣΪʲôң
飬ǺһЦⲻոһ٣Ҳ磬Ҳ߼һҲɣؼǣŵļǰѵУ˭ȥ
Զ޿Ըս
θŸ˸ܲɣ㱻ѹôõɾͨˣ˳¸תÿ±ڶʮ顣
Ǿһٶʮ˰Զ룬Ǳȹ˳ɷĹʸˡ
˸񣬡֯š
θһϲֲ˳һţҾ˵С˼ߣ϶֯ţϳϽİѡȥ
˷ȥʦ
µίûΣʦϻĲУƢҲе󣬺üѡˣʵʦҪˣǺԶ
㶨Ҳż˯˰ɣ
Զüо飿
ѹûʲô˵ģȣǻǼҳ㷹ͱǰɣɩӽҰ·ϴˣҾһϣڶҲϴˣˣҹƽ˯ʡ
θͬ̾Ůĺ룬ϱǰ׶Ķ˸绰ҾͶһǼɶ£ϱˣ붼ˣ˵ӶˣѾ˯һڵоˣⲻ컹ȥһģһؼˣҵȥˡ
ŵǴ£ȥɡ
ԶԽԽΣŸͦıǣѯʾḻĳţճŵľ飬̶ֳȣҪ˯ʣ
ĿźԶֹֹϷص
ûˣڸӰԼ˰ɣܿģϴϴƽ˻оȣϱϡϡɣ˵û㣬浽һ㡣
ԶԲţԹ
ŵüʱԹ
Զ׷ʣǳɹ𣿡
ͻȻҧгݣƨ£Ͳ㡣
ȻܸߺԶǴƽˣϱ´ֶ˯һڵʣһŵľڶ¡
Ůģ밡ʵû£Իʹĺ

Ӣ˲˻ڳ˽̺²ʽѾԼˡ
ڣ׼Ѽͳȥһȭķã˲һǮֹ˼ҵĺ˳
ݵңмķŴûٿռˣٷһоתѡ
ӢоϵĶﱻյͷûݵĴϣ׼оʱ򣬺Զˡ
Ӣָӿоۺãȥ
Զѹͷ˯һо׼Ϊ첻ȽŵµļɬãȻʵ˯Ķأ
ӢݵӵٿݵĿտͻȻҳߡǰ򡢷־ӣԶǸˣֱŤиȣˡ
ԶǸϳĿ˰ɣ
ӢְѶðɣ˵㻹Ҫ־Ӽ꣬㡣
ԶѶһţӻع·Ǳıĳˣ۲Ϊ
ۺо룬˰װоĹŸˡ
Ȼ˵־ˣһ춼ֿ˯ˡ
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µС죬ʮСʱһ


31 
Զ, Ҫɡ
ã㵽°𡣡
Զ
һֻл桢һôóԵˣͻȻ, ҪĲһʱӢԼԲˡ
ӢǸڳ׷ˣͬʱҲýˣҪĻлҲԡ
ԶڰϰƤгɱƬ, гϸ˿һƤ˿
˵ҵĻһģҴ, ѧҲ, ôˣѧѾҲ, ҿ϶ܸ˿, ˣ, û̶ı׼𣿡
Ӣ̨ͷ, , ƾоν׶ƾо, ʵ, Ӧ, ٷһ, ̵
Ҫ˵˾أӢ̿ڳϵ޴ˡ
享Զģȳխʵˣվ̨ǰݲȵģҪԣܲĶ
㵹ȥƿףźԶȱĿҲܳԵȥ
̫ÿˣӢ룬ѻȻ̵ĳޣȻĻҪҪܣ˯ˣҪһ¡
˿ﵹ׵ĺԶһൽСװ״ס
ӢСգڼ𣿡
ء
°࣬ӢţǴ绰˵ؼԺ¶ӰǿӰٻŸ㣬ǵˡ
ллӡ
ӴǼҺԶ³վڳſڣ˹﷭˿ƮɢĹζЦ׷ŶˣһͲǸϡ
Ӣͷ̨Цߺˣǲԣһ˿ĸƹϣʣµĲ˱ˡ
СԶû֣İ˿װ̡
ˣҽ˵ʱ򿴵ڹŶ⣬͵ʳõĶôˣ
оǱ߶γĵĿڹ˵Ǳ¥ݵģˣΛJѵûд绰ߵɳЭ
µĶЩ
ŲҰմҵߣմҵԸ̾Ҫ¡
ԣĿǰܱˣΪʲôأ
Ӣ棬ѶŵԶǰµ£ʵ𣿡
һϣԶʹʦͳţ⡢͵ʳõĶӢǡöǼ֤ˣȫŷ⡣
Զ˵Ĳ֣͵º滹иߣͨĳĿǰǻûĿģ˼ʱȰʱˣһ¶Էϣõʲôһε
ûʲôмֵģռҵķԷӴ£пͨͼռʲô
е㵭ȳһ˿кһζҲá
ԶѧӢĳԷҲ˿赽ֻʣ
ԶԵһ룬⣬ʵΪţӵָΪףĶҲͣ
Ӣǰ𣿡
Ӣ̧ͷԶŵͷƣʲô飬ǹ⻹⡣
Զĵı飬ǣǰ˽㡮Ӣ𣿡
ӢЦʣôĳƺˣСӢ˳𣿡
ԶʣǰôйӢ𣿡
ӢЦЦ
ңԶļɽХӢӢС˼㵽м
ӢӢǺݣơ裬ȥʲô֣Ͻ
߰˸ѳ嵽ͶصǸСӸǰɼܣ£˭۸ǼҰӢ˭ôǵǴܶһӵϵġ
һСûǺΣյģӢ֪ٲǽǵģЩɰġ谮ЩǣŵķŻӢԲߵģǼˣһ԰ɰӢ
ӢڵеĻش𣺡Եģûйҡ
Զв׾Ц⣬Ժˣ㲻аɣ
Ӣ£Ķˣ̫ˡ
ʣµİʵڳԲˣһƣС
ԶģҲﲻĳ̶ȡ
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ȻȻͺǶķޡ

ǺԶ꣬ӢǰĿȥϴԶ죬յϣɡ
Ӣӣ΢΢Ĩ˼£רעϴ
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ӢĿĲգüǵ򦣬ûһ¡
ôܳôÿ
ԶƺӢڿͷ΢΢һЦʵӢЭ𣿡
ӢƿĿ⣬ģԤĺöˡ
ԶϴٶҲŻˣԺʲôأ
Ӣ룬úù
ǣʵǣ㲻Ǹ˸ˣ
ЭˣĶԸĿ͡Ҳܺɣ
Ӣ㿴Э̫ˣҪ涼㣬ƿ㰮ϱˣǳϹԣҵĸ⣬еǷء
ԶʵڱסûЦ̫ϻһ£ӵڹϣһӣַϵһӡ
ӢѵӵͰʵأңЭ뱲Ӿ͹ȥˣͲǸ˸⣿
˸⣿
Ӣ֮ǰԶû
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ԶĸĸɩǾ˽ܶĻ£ӡɩͦģǴɩŵʱ򣬻ɷӡҵΪѡ
ڸ׻ŵʱҲøĸǶģȥ֮ûþ͸ļˡ
Ǹ׷֮ڵĿ飬ԶûԾͷˡ
һһһ˫˵ԼӢļֵǲмģŵ˱˵ҪԼȱҪӦӢĿǰļֵߣԺԶᶼûᡣ
ŲƣˣԺ˭ء
ǰ˵ҲȢˣģϻҲûԼЭʱ䣬Ȼ⣬ҪҪʱ䣿
Ӣ㶵ʣã
ԶѿڶӢ㿴𣿡
ӢźԶ׾ϺΣۺɫݣµĵ˵ûǲá
ӢͻȻͳģΪһϤİġӢ
ʵԶͦõģÿġϽе㰮Դףⲻʲô⣬˹Ӧû
ߣӢľȻе죬˿ڴ¼Ŀ˺Զ𸴡
ҲС
ûʿӢͱԶקسֵǽߣһֳӢǽŵʹֵӢϡ
˵׽С
Ǿ˵ˣ⡣
Ӣ߰ģȻ˵˾ɷ羰ĻһñҾأ
ԶԴ˳ƻ鷢˼ͬʱʧЦ
ãŨ
ӻڼң˴ţӢݺԶڵݣ²һҪˡ
׾װɣԶз滹ŰֽɣƵסĻ𲻣
ڲ࣬С¶Ӱٱͻ˵㡢ŵ㣬нСʱӵʱ䶼㹻ˡ
ǰֵɷƷӢЩգʱΪʲôòûأȻô죬ٵӣ⼸Σڰ
治پܾˣȻ϶Ҫѹꡣ
ߣ˼𽥽ӲڷǵĦ
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ΣԶƺ̫͸ǰ͸Ӣȷ룬ƽӢ޽Ǹձҵ鷢
߰ɣȥؽӺӡ
ӢССʧ䣬ͦڴġ
ȥ̫ˣǻҪ¶Ӱߵü
ԶЦȥһ𿴵Ӱɡ
ӢԶ˰ԴףûëˣˣˣеСë൱̾ϰˡ

ӪҪȥĶ
ſڣ̽ͷ̽ԣӢԶҪţæܹ׷ʡ
ԶԺŹ£
ԴӱʻȻܵ쵼һʳֽŲɾļȫţ͵ǸԵˣҲֻд˼֡
²ǼֻմҼıķȻı̣ɾ裬ֽŲɾ͵ʳõĶմһڼԺ
ԭ⣬ﶼڶûˡ
֧֧ʵҾ£γʲôʱܻأ
ԶܸȻߣ˵ģڣҲûãųƱԼ뿪ôһߣ϶ÿ
Ǻܻؼˡ
Ӣʵմҵߣһ㻺ʱ䣬ȥ··ǵйϵɣ
ԶεЦô¶ԣҲ˵
Ӣ⣬ߣҪ𣿡
Զ¶ɻӢ͵Ǵ̼Ƹۣġ
Զҧ´һ˵Ǽǵҵģʲôֹܲˡ
ӢȻˡ
ԶȻ˲ӵļճӢ᲻ᱻͶߣԶ˵û¡
øӢ˵Ҳ̵湤㲻Ϲ˽á

˳ɷ翴ӢԶһԺԴһ£ָܿӢͺԶСʡ
ԭڹ˳ɷϥſӫĻĺǣﻬվԶߣĺٺЦźԶš
̫ˣ¡
ΧļͦϲɰĺǣǰλŹλˣ治֪ĳ棬ĲУӰ˲ÿˡ
пֵĲ¶Ǳ޲дϼ֣ѽѽ
Զϴƣͬ־һ˵
˳ɷ˵Զ׾ɢȥǰɣӢԸãȻСᾢע¶ϡ
˳ɷ粻ĵͷʾԵġ
ԶӢվԶСϡ
Ӣʱ̬һٰʮת䣬ˣ֪˵㻰˵ҵŵģôҹͬ־鷳̫Сҵˡ
ӢѹֺԶҪо̫ȼ֮ˣδȰѷ־ӵС
˳ɷĵĲУԶ׸ӣ˻ɣȫķ֮һļҲӶˡ
Զˣˣ뿴ֵĶ˼ǽǡ
˳ɷŵͬ־ûûǰɡ
ԶԶһСıӰջĿ⣬תͷɫͬ־֯ߵĿɷӣȫ
˳ɷ֣תû뵽ġ
Ҫ˵ǻϵɳòӳˣһصһ̶ˡ
ãȻʵڿĩӼӣأʲôñģ
Զǽӵɿ߱һ֯ĸߣ߻ܹ󵽾ȥ
˳ɷǿ򶨣жߣ
ԶԼֵǮû𣿡
Ϊɬĵһ۾Ǳȴ˵Ĺ󡣡
˳ɷɫ𽥷ףҲҲѽӴҡ
ԶͷֻͦãլߣѶͦ󣬵Է֪ϺͲӲӣвԼȥָͷɽ֣ȥǲȥ
˳ɷֶڲǵͺģܱܲ˺ӣ˾͸ң
ԶЦĻ˵ǣ
֪ӢΪʲôҪȥΪ˷ӺŻץＸӲȫ侲һ룬ǻϣǰŻץסǲİȫ
˳ɷĬ˺üӣʵӢ֪𣿡
ԶԹ˳ɷ绻ĳƺֻһͻָ漴ҡͷĿǰ֪

ĸСҲû˼ӰˣߴߴͷͷСۡ
ѹ˸ľ֣˰ְֺͶ𣿡
֪ϲ̫ȷӦòɣҶĲᡣ
ôˣȻӲӰְߵĺԶ߾ܿ
ӦòôƶҲĲᡣ
СʯӣΪС˾ѡӲһڶˡ
û뵽綼ĿŵӰû
ӢӰͦÿģһֱӰԶ͹˳ɷҲû翴ֵļڴǰ
ӢеƣԭԶΪԴҲģҲǣٰԴףҲ᲻ְҵݣᱳֵ¡
˳ɷܣ嶯ˡ
ͬĴ᷸εġ
ѵ˳ɷ±йϵԶ񣬲ò
ӢԶ˵˵С˲˹˲ģӢﺫԶŵ¡
ǼݣԺŮ˴򽻵ܱȺԶһЩ

ӰСһоѾˣͷҲûݵĴ󴲡
ӲӸ˵ĲУȥ˰ֵĵλ尢Сۣ˵Ǽҽ϶ܲϣǲûء
ְֻ˵˰ѺõĽˣǾһ˰ˣǴЬһ˰ˣȻû۳˲ӲӻǺܿġ
»ûȫɢĴζʵϳԵɶζô󡣡
Ӣ˿
ݺľ飬ǿ϶Ƕա
Ӣͷԣķ
ĻӶ֣ͼɢǵΪ⣬ֹҾ֪û־ͲҪ
ӢЦۺԶܵҲʵҿζģϲġ
Զ۾һһԡ
Ӣȥϴɡ
˵ϴ裬Զʲôɫ΢죬תͷΡ
ˣϴ䣬ŶȫϴҲһСʱ
˲ӲӸһϴ˳˵С˾һϴְָһϴͿôԸء
ǣŲҪ
֪ҲñŤȻһºӾһӣǼһϴ䣬ôСĿռ䣬ͺ֡
ӢȰѺߵϴǲӲӽ͵еģǼûŵģҪǱļְ֪һϴ裬ҪЦȫҡ
˲Ӳӱʾ⣬˵Ƕ̫ˣһ㶼˶ߵʱҪǲһߣǾͻ˵㲻Ҫ
ӢԵģ˼
˲Ӳ˵ֲ˵
֪Ѿŵ͵ſˣؼԺߵļԺ˵Ƥǲûиݵġ
ˮľ̿žǣ֪ŨܵͷϣԶʪëԴϣҺû¡
Ӣ֪ϣ㺦ʲôѽͺ֪֪
֪Ϻ͸ٸǸϴɡ
ӢˣҹϴҲ˯ٸǸϴ϶ҪǮ
һ°ɣ̫ܼ֮ͥϴͷˡ
֪ᵽ绹ǺԺģٴߴҸ硣
ˣз̫ҪҪĹ
Ǻðɡ
ԶһʼͦӢ˵ҳת˳ɷϵʱͿʼ̸Ȼźۼİѻӹ˳ɷƿ

ԶһϴģϴһСڼſڣŵС졣
˲Ӳʣݽ㣬ⶼʮˣôؼѽְֲż𣿡
ǳڼңͽ鲻ãҹǡ
ںߣߺؼңԴ˵ӣʹ˰֣ܲҲȥû¶ӰҲҪȥ𣿡
ȥѾǺǵСˣСܺǶ֪
Զյſڣʵ壬֪֪ҽʲôؼѽ
Զ΢ЦմӵĽ̫ˡ
º͵Ҳ֪컹ҪϿΣǲӲӶҪ˯ˣҲĳŲסˣӸϽؼҰɡ
Щʧǣӵֻȥˡ
ԶԺŹϣ΢͵˵Сﲻˡ
ӢСͻط䣬ʣô˵
±鵽ǵһ͵˵˻ˣƽлУ˵ּЩݸ˽´ȥģ֪飬²뵽пòʳõĶҡ
ƽ˵Ĺ㹻Ů治֪µΪϣѧУҲûô黹ЩʺֶûҪд
ƽôּʶأӢʵ
Զǻߡһ
ݣְ֣Ȼְʶ̬أȥУ˵
ôҪˣԶֻ˽ƼҸŮԼժ˳ȥͬʱԸŮõݣռҹҹ
ӢſյʮߵĻƵݣó涼ŹһȦȦ裬һδײϣҲͣ³
תͷĿ⿴򺫾
һĺһÿ£Ҫʲô˵
ЩСӣԽ£Ϊԭһ
Ӣ˵ûʲôҾ;ðɣݺˣÿʱζˣĸûôˡ
룬εĺ壬һһҪ˵ģǼңҲ˵ġ
ӢЦҲŲᱻǼСˣϽ˯ȥ
֪ϵ˼ϸЩӢ㣬ǲǲϲݣ
Ӣô˵أǲǼҵ˸ߵ̫̫ˣõҪõĻܻᵹùĳ̶ȣԶһá
ǽôֱ˵أ
𣿡
֪룬պԸ񣬿϶᲻мһˣᳰЦȰţȻж֤˴ˡ
֮󣬹֪˵㣬һῴġ
ţýʡġ
֪ϱ϶ֱͦš
ԶĲζȷʵ֪̫ˣÿһ˵չ˵ðſǸɵСӡ

ݰӴؼң¸СӺ˯ţݣ㺫˵ʲôʱؼ𣿡
ҡҡͷû˵Ҿú֪ģǲԸǡ
ºҲһ£Щ춼ϵĺܣ˶͸¶ϵݣܵʲôʱߡʲôʱ˶˵
û֪մʲôʱܻˣͲ֪Լ׼ʱжˡ
ץʱȰմ飬ֻҪǱ߾ͻܻصȥ
մƷǹȥģ飬ÿٸһĽӵѣռҿںӵķϣҲؾаźùܼӡ
½ȥ˯ԼȥһһȰ˵¾顣
մһǾɡ
ͣĸֱʣ׵ֽϣд˵һ֣Ű
˺ֵţһţûӦ
¿˯ӣȰֻҪ˵ӣһͷģسǺͻسǵĹ㲻˵ŵƣܰǰ;𣬶ʱˣ㻹ó

վл֮ǰͬϰߣԶӰŴգӢǽߣ˶Ǽɾˣʹ˯Ҳ˭ֽŴԷϵʧ
ӢԶص֮˴Լ幫֡
Ӣס˺¶㲻ˣǼûмƷߵļͥԶʮͣǲʩģ˵˸߲ء
Զһˣڵļջڸ߲Ľ׶ΣҲʲôǰȫںΣڡ
ƽȵĺ֮󣬺ԶٷҵĺӢĺ˼롣
˲ӣȵĺߣСѯʣӢܱ𣿡
Ӣֻ˼ӣ˼붷ͽˣ㱧ɡ
䣬Զǿĸ첲סϸѾĴ漴Դְ˵ļɳ̵Ŀơ
˯ɡ
˵Ħһ£Ŵ
Ӣһӵ˺һᣬ˶ûиһ
Ӣ󱳵ļɣȻʧЦ˵ıֻǱҲ̫ʵˡ
еۣ˲ŸоԶ䵭صЩҩòˡ
죬ȥҽԺƷԱʱ֮衣
˵ĺƽ೤ΪԷѾ˯ˡ
Զںҹ۾ļ϶¹͸ڵשϴһǳǳĹӰ΢Ĺ⣬΢΢ͷۻϤŮ
о˺þãߵߣһȫĽӵڻ
ҵˡԶ룬ֻҪӢͲ뿪ҡ
㹻ˡ
Ůĳ޲Զæ۾ԭӢû˯š
֮󣬾ںԶ׼˯ʱ򣬻ĹＫ΢ƶԴĳ
Զ۾ҲܸܵԽԽĺżˣ֪ڸʲô
ܿ죬Ĵ.۽ϣƶŵҧڴĴ.ӡһ£ַɿӿǿŲֵСԴļͷ
ԶЦˣǵãǵҪսƷ
Զճ޷ƵЦ˲ֹԶû˯Ű
Զɱ۾Цݸʢѣôˣ
ûô˯ɡ
Ӣ˸źԶֱ˻ػ°͵ļͷ
˺þãһСʱȷӢ˯ˣԶȥϴ䣬˸ˮ轵£ٴ.ʱûҰˡ
˯ҹʱ˱顯ѣͬʱѹġ
Զ˵ƣӢ·ԶѾ˷ˣͷˡ
ӢźԶһԺӣԺӪֵҹСܵͷǺԶ˸񣬡Ӫʦٹӡ
ô˵ʲô𣿡
˵ίˣȥأҲȥˡ
Ӣ±룬ҹΣһм£ѹϴ̺õľװԶҳ϶Ǽ£ȥɡ
Ժãҿ֪ϸĵˣһ£û£ӱ¡
ţ֪ģز㶼Ӹš
С
Զ·մҼҵʱռҵԺҲһ졣
Ӣ¿Ժţ̽ͷ̽ԵĿԶȥĺԶһۣ˿վڼſڵӢԥһ£ƺӢ
Ӣ۽ǵ⿴ŵĽŲתңԺŸˡ


32 
˨, һͷӢһһңվڷſ, ĿﶼǺº֪Ҳڵǡ
ӢСɫĹģҲΣ˯, ҲûǽͣԼˣԼ֪ȥʲô, Ҹ֪, ֪Ҳܸ˯ȥɡ
˯, ǵҰְ־ôһҹﱻߵ, Ȼûлˣ岻Ҳزɣ
ӢԿ, ʲô, ΰô, ôΣ񣬱Ϲˡ
ƲסϹ룬ҾǺ£¶, ͸ļˡ
Ӣ뺫Сӵĵ̫ǿ, , Ӧòټ, ˵ԶǸûô
Ҳõˣ˵ʿиܸ˹ҾĸΪʲôҪѽ
ǣ㲻ͷҹ𣿡
Ťͷ۹֪ϣǿû˵粻õ˼Ҿ;ãֻҪᶨߣҶͲ
֪ϲϣ¹µͬҲϣͷʾ
Ӣ棬СԴﵽװЩʲôôô뷨
˵̫֮үү˵û˵ְܻΪ費ˣְҪļǹңûôϧˡ
ԣҪ֪ԶڼĶŻģ԰ɣ
ӢȻⷬ˵ƿԡ
ƺʱǺϧģɵΪ˵ĶѶ֮û˼ǹңҲûôϧˡ
ͻȻˣˣ󣬼Ӧɣ˭ˣ
֪ΪʲôͻȻˣҪһˣȥˡ
ڻ뵱ʱǹһĻûԭһңûкúͰְ衣
ŹҪҸýӻȥûа취ˣڶҪҿ԰ҵǷݸ
̬ʵ⡣
жǲܵģӢĵ׵һСǣѿһ죬ʼ
֣ΪҪæһ£ůͷ
ͷˣůůġ
Ӣϻط䣬˯ȥҪǲ緹ȥʳԡ

Զʦ칫ңείʶĳѰǰ쵼
Զ˸񣬡ί
ԽĺԶ򣬼ʵĲ˿οĵܵܣӵͷ࣬ɱɸһľˡ
ôйɣԶµҪ£Ҳû뵽ص˵ز
ԽܽľļԶͳ½꣬¸˱ȥ
ԶϱϴЭƻ˵ĹһСıȽƫԶƫƧĺڿǺӵʱ򣬶ΛJĿһλǵͬ־
λͬ־ѰһѰˣʧ꣬ȳĵһʱϵңһ㱨˵ɣ쵼㱨
Խ۾죬λͬ־ѰǺͬ־
ԶԸһ㣬еķľܱ棬֪ȥִеʲôⱨ˵ѰǣǱڵز˼ʮ鱨֯Ǵϵµˣڻѳ˵ʱˣѰûסȥҽԺ֮ǰȥˣ˵鱨ʲôط
ʣλׯͬ־Էץ˻ȥ˽úҤĿ̱ƹû͸¶κһϢ
Ȼׯͬ־ǿĬ鱨Ĭд˵һĸѰͬ־ˣֻҪҵһ𣬱룬Ǳڵصľ鱨Աȫƿ
Ѱǰδ
Խܷ鱨ˣͬ־ƴһһģпϡ
ֻϡ
ԶĴ硢Ѱλׯͬ־˽ﱻ̿꣬Ȼסתͷܼ޸Ѱĵܵܣռҵܷۡ
Զ˫Ŀ죬ѣץΪʲôץʣ
ʦίһۣĬĬ̾ԶûǣֻǴ˿ϵĴ˸ǹǡ
ʦǳԶ侲һ㣬ȥ˼ôץ֤ҧ˵Ѱûκʲô취
½Ҳʹ֮ǰѵܵиЩ꺫Զ͸׵ܵһ㡣
⺫ԶʹҲûƵס
˸ɢԶŭ⣬ׯͬ־Ŀǰ״Ρ
Զеķŭͬ־İΣһ룬ʵׯĿǰȫ𣿡
Խܵׯͬ־ȻѾõƵľΣĿǰܰȫʣׯͬ־Ȼż͵ЩѺĲϣ̽ǵСͷĿд˶
֮ǰѾ鵽ˣ˶ĿǰϵڽӴũ֪
ļͥ鵽ǳ¼ңϵļҾƷģ¼ҵһǼҫӹ̡
Ů˵ഺѪģӦøƽˡ
ı£ǳ¼ҵĶϱصŹѣɼҼֶӶԹķϴѣеһֶӣڳ¼ұȽ𾴣˶ҲӴ¡
ʦʱ䣬Сʱˣҵıϲˮ
Ҷһ£˶Ӵһ⣬ƵĽӴΪʲôأָܲ飬ƾԲȻͨȥ̽û鱨
ݶԳĵ飬СҲǸӲͷڴʱ򣬲ΣΣֽŶûһ⣬ûеͷ˵һ
֮ԼҲһ˲
ǸҲһǣԲٻͷʦίҲ벻ͨ˶Ϊʲôô˵
þȥڻĽ䱸հλͬ־鱨׷ȥϳԻͷݣ·Ӿ߲ͨ
˵ˣ˭Ҳû֤һ
ԶЦһǳĶأ
ʦܰɣԶߺ޵ɫȻ뵽ѰΪˣôԭˣδ޻ǰеĻ¡
ʦǰĴӣԼĹ̲ˮ֣ݺڰ칫յűϡ
ѵ죬ȲĽŵվڵСһ£վԶһ
̫۸ˣô۸˵ģץھ͸ץ
ʦеŭ޴йȥίǰĲ豭
ۼŸԼʮĲ豭ҪˣԽæԼıӱ룬㲻Сǳ嶯ˣ侲㡣
ʦ侲ʺԶû֤ݣ֤Ǻǳġ
ǻ֪𣿡
ԶҡҡͷֻҸۺƲģմ磬ܺ˭ģġ
½֮ǰǽӵ߱˵ǰ˽ڰ󵽾ȥ᲻ɢļϢǵʵĿģʵҪǱп䵽ĸ
Խܲжϣܴ⣬һǾһ˫أ˳ɷǱ߲һ̶иڹ۲ģȷŵ¡ͳϡ
ͨˣǼԺģԶȷʵ̫㡣
Խܴ˼ĿںԶϣƺڿʲôƻĿԽԽͺ񺫾ԶʲôưĴؼ
Զܲˣֱûк£һίֱ˵ɡ
ԽܺǺЦģɩ˼ߣأȥӴЭŮ죬ǰɣɩרҵʲӲҾ͵زס£Ūɳ׾й¶ϢҲʵŮѡ
ԽЦԽ㣬źԶ࣬
ϱʿӲ˷治ɫǰ˸ܾȳøлϱ
ʦˣӢЭ참ҪһЭĻӢ϶ʵѡ
ʦЦøƵģСģϱԵЭƻ˷ӣǰ˸ҲҲӣΛJҲԵɺϸׯͬ־ȳȲׯͬ־ǵ֪ܶѰġ
ھͲһˣ㿴ǲҲϱ
Զ
ô˵ûӢ˭˭˰ƾʲôȥðգ˵ģǺúù
εĿЦʦίϱ˰ɣһͨǷŹɡ
ʦ׷Զôܴϱأβˣ˶ܼǹ𶼺̸ʣϱ
ԶŲϵֻܵһˣûоܾĿܣҪܣҪűߡ

緹Ǵʳģ֪Ϸ࣬˲Ӳ˿ӣ˼гǿ飬˺ÿĴл
Ӣһ鼦ڳԵ֮һηĿʣ⼦ܲΪʲôأ
˸İۣʱô༦ǱȻŨűͷˮ׼ˡ
Ӣ̾һ䣬ֳһ飬ǼҼǳԵģôС
ĳҲ֪ι󣬶֪Ǽһ»ҶϹļãһʮ飬µ㻹ʣ٣
Ӣ¿ӣ˱ǰԼһĿʡĵأ
ͷ˼ҳ֮Ķʹ۵ıԹ
Ʊ˾Ͳ⣬ԳⰡܵг⵱Ȼˣ⼦һҪԵʮƽһҪԵ߷ǮһԵĲǮ
ӢҧɿڵļֹлʲôǼ˶࣬ƽÿһ˶̯һܽж𣿡
ʹļף㿴Ժ˭˿ڲడҲû˭һ³Եһٶ̫ݳˣ⼦翪ʼͽɣʵͷĨҲͦóԵġ
ǣôأֵ˭ء
˲ӲӣϽһ鼦ͳԲˡ
֪İԼǷݣǺͲӲӡ
ӢҪЦˣ񲻾֮ǰСӶԽǮһûУԼڴһëûУȥݵĸ߼ۼȫˣʲôȫ˲ǮǮǮ
ӢûԺݵļ㻹ˣ

˵
СӱҲû˭˭ɵ
ӢѺ黹˱ƸԺﻹ˰ɣľ򣬵׿϶ҽĶࡣ
ˣҪβҪˡ
ǣ嶼ӣҪ㵱ңûͿˡ
ǣҪ統ҲУ뱣֤ÿܳ켦
Сʹ֪Ϻ͹˲ӲӣʲôҪ󣿡
֪ҡͷʾûҪ󣬹˲Ӳ룬ʾÿܳһδϺʹĴӦˡ
ӢǼѧȥգ֪Ϻ;͵ѧУſڣǽȥߣ֪𣿡
֪˷ӿɳ֮ġ
ֵˣȥʳ緹ˣ˵ԣ˵˵ûа״ˣ˴ƿ׻
Ӣ
Ц˵ˣ첻ôˣ︺

ӢС͵ſڣǣӵ֣Ѿмˡ
ǳһЦ֪ϸ硢磬Ҫѧһɡ
ӢۿԶ۲£һķӽСһҵļС׼ʲôأ
մһҪɨسԺӦҪ׼ؾĴ㣬ＸСһѧѧǰŮǰ׼÷Ϸ룿
ӢǺЦ
æʵհ̣Цʲôѽ
Ŷе֣ÿϸһȥѧУôأ
˼٣ֵ£ѧȥ
֪ϿӢЦû¶ȣ³ǲԸǸͬеġ
ű֤Ҫź
֪ں֮ǰܾãҸ·ϣôܵãҴ˼ҵĺӣ̫ˣû찢ӣһӸ㶪ҸΡ
ԼչһΣؾһΣ£Ϲ֪ôһ˵ԭݺӵ˼Ϣˡ
ǵģãֻܶԼǸ𣬲ܰӡ
һͷʲôķ̫ˣɡ

ݵûܸ֪ϺͺһȸȥСѧȥС
Ͽλеʱ䣬վѧУſڣݣʱ䣬Ҫؾȥˡ
ݼˣ裬ֳûĺˡ
ͷһûôƵϸ͵ԸҪ㣬ӢҵкӣǼüģҪǵѣ㵱ã÷ĺô㳤˾֪ˡ
ݲ̫֪ϸ̫ϲңҲûôˡ
ĿųСôɡ¡ƯСǲ˲ϲġ
Ӣ϶ݻкߡ
Ҫ취ѽ㡢չ㣬Ҹ˵Ǹ֪Ŷ绹˲õģԺ϶ϢкȻһ㣬ãֻҪץס϶һ˳졣
ƶǶǵͷĻ
οúӡ

ӢûܸͬУתؼʰ꣬Զ˵ҪԷףǸ˿Ͼˡ
ţûȥˣѰһǸ̬˵ũ֡
ӢҵļĵĿ죬ȥũβҪƱļϼļûˣֿ˳򼦵ȥˡ
־ڣҲ򼦵ô٣մҸļã֪ķ˿˶ȥֲҪƱĸ߼۵Źء
°ӢһۣתͷǸ̬΢ֵ˵ܰŪسǵҪǮ
˶ЦǮǮļˣ磬ϣȥͬѧ˵һسû⣬˽ҲʹСˣƺǲԸٸƾԲء
ŵ֮ǰϣȽ̸һ̸˵Ըˡ
մô㣬˶кˣ鰡ã
̾ұҪɢһҪ޸飬˻һ춼ûпĹֻҪͬ⸴ϣ¶ġ
ӢڲԶĴ棬һǺЦֹҪ޸飿ҸѰʲôմǸùʲô
ҪǰθϣΪʲô飬ҪȥǰΣеɷǰθϣǰ׿ϲ飿
ӢǸµģҲ̫ˣٹҳ̸еģ̸еĳ룬ӦӰɡ
ԶˣӢת¡
ûԶһôϣԶĬĬĿ˼ԼϱıӰ¶ɻ󣬱ȥ˶ûӰˣҧҧת˴˶

Ӣ£ȥ˳ʱɫã˵ظǵ˵ʧˣԸĻᡣ
Ӣ˻ʮȥ״׺һǿۣһСˣ粻ˣĳԼ
ؼҰۺãɴ棬ٰƤ˿ˮȺԶֱ
ţӢϡŵĳʵԱֻҪſţѾ絽ˡ
°ɣΪ˴̽ϢֿʼĹͷˡ
Ӣϴ֣Χȹϲһˮӣ߳λİӣﻹһ㡢һֻѼ
СհɣſڵЦҹĸԶйȥҸ͵ز
С˵ίΣλǺԶ쵼ļӢýţ̫ҾɣɲҶãѼȥ
ҺӶ࣬ⶼùģȥֱ߶
ǸûɶɩӣӢѻֶһɹɵĴϺ⺣Ѽر㣬ϺƽʱϺʱͷԼѬƺɹɵģԵʳֱӳԣɩӳһ
ôõϺʳ
һɹɵĴϺϺ͵ҧһСڣϺʵ̽ģнֻϺһˡ
㿴Ӣ˴򵰻ʵ˿զأ
Ӣ͡һЦ˵ԶϾˣҪٳһθ
ҲúЦ̾ʱãָ̾Զ仯
ǰͷǸװ񲡵ǸҼ͵ʱ򶼲ģΪǺ䡣
û뵽Э飬ҪϱļƣԼҵϱӦϲİɡ
ӢæʵɩѵҲźԶģ
ǵҲǣ߰ʱ͵ˣմҸ磬µı
һľĵմùӢ벻ףƾʲô϶ĺѰġ
ɩӣҶһ䰡ҪǾòʿԲ˵ġ
û£ʡ
ӢΪʲôǶĺӣѰأʱǶ黹ûõİɡ
ѽԭģ磬ϵʱѾ˵ˣͣѪĭӣֻ֣Ŀ
̲ס˲۾
ϣ֮ǰûʲôԣҡͷ˵ûУʣ˵ˣҾ統ʱץ֣ʱ򶼱ղ۾һչδ޺ûĺӣҪȢ˭Զ
Ӣ׹ѣѰһδΪʲôҪĿУʲôû
ǰһǺԶ˭ҿ϶ҪҪϢ¸ˣ۱룬¹˽ǮֵǮҩǶø˭ʲôԶûеġ
һλ˼ԼϣǻǣҪͻˣǸ·أҲ֪ͨˣⱲӻ˽Ǯڴ¹߹սǱɷ򶼲֪Ĵ
ͦζģһӢĻ񣬻ص˶ļԺ
ԽܶòУȥʳˣʵ͸ѼӣôôãСպͶԵ
ĵҸˡ
ѸϺóɷӣ˵һ£Ѱû𣿡
ûаⲻǶѯʹܶ˵ûС
ԽҲǣһҧϺβ˼۾ɱʴϺζ
ҲˣͷҾŸϺԸһ١
ʣµĴϺֲСˣô졣
Ҿ밡Ӣ˵Ҳе˶Ҫˣôûǹҵ£ʲôأټ۵롢ϸĶܸҪ߼һɣôʲôûأ᲻̰ƣⲻ˵İ
ԽǰϺͷϣ˶ˡ
ǰô֮ܰıܸԵأѰյʱץδ޵ĿǷŲδ޺ĺӣӣһתƴϢأ

Զʱ򶼿һˣӢҧгݣίԹʣԶ֪ҲܶģҧˣϿ˿ˣȻҾͰˡ
ôȳأԶɫ΢졣
Ŵ˶һ磬˶ڹӪ˷ͻд˯ֱӰͬ־أŴҴһ
ӢΧȹϵϣ˳ʵһѣָпãǴͣС
Ӣµ뷨Զֶֶ൹һװ״ףҭȥˡ
ˣ˿ûˡ
ԶĺϲԴװ
ԶҪʱңҲֶ
㶨
Զװ˿˵Էɣҿĸôͷһȥ
ӢҵԹĿˣǺ˵ӣӼԵ̫ˣ涨ÿֻܳԶʮ
ԶܳԵİɣ
ӢҲģСӵһεҹܻʳѣҪزģܴĻԡ
ҲаɣǾͶ⡣
ŶûУ˵Ժȥг⡣
ΪɶԶ⣬Ҳȥ
Ϊ󣡡
Զ̲סЦˣϡ棬ܴӺ۹ʱ
һʵ켦Ķģͷִġ
ũӢ˵֮ǰҲǴũġ
šԶͷԷûмȥ飬Ӣǲ
ˣи㡣
Զͣ¿ӣ̧ͷ˵
ǡӢһ£ѯʵҪҸɳṩ˻˵𣿡


33 
ԶһӦ, Ӣᵽġˡ᲻ũ򼦵ʱײ˶
˶߹˳ɷ, ֪ϺͲӲҪעⰲȫӢͬҲҪСġ
Ͼ˳ɷǸˣǰΣӢв˳ɷҲЭİɡ
ԶӢһӵ˿, ŵĺܣʲôˣ˵˵
ӢŴζŨ, ˰ͷ˿, Ҳһӣļ͵
ȥŵӲܵطҸ˵ûõİɣ
ҪʲôĽ, ҿ԰οһ¡
Ӣ˵ýݹ, Ҵˣش, ǿԵġ
Ĺ, ǵǶش, һΣա
ԶǳңҪҰ㻻ܱȥյĺá
˵ָ꣬Ӣһ˿
ӢײŰĳ, , ԵԽ, ԶΪԽ, ֱԼԼڿӡ
˿ԶʾԼԹˣŵʵҲ̫ȷҪٹ۲һ¡
ԸĻʲô𣿡
ǿ˵ġ
Ӣũ򼦵ʱģд˶Űװ֣ͰףǸ˰ɣ۾׵ĺܣ˵˾ʲôûŪŵĻׯĿϧˡĻҾ;Ǻˡ
ԶӶˣŵĻׯġǿ϶ָׯ硣
ôӢһϢϢصأвõԤС
Զ ǿ򶨵Żׯأ
̫ԶȷˣžׯɣҿҲ˵˵ݻϰգ㲻
Զ¿ӣɫǸģԶ㣬ﻹĸأǲҪΪǿǣȥЩǿĶˣ
ӢԶ˵Ҳе˶ԶȽϺá
һȥɳٱ𣿡
û֤ݣٱҲûãһݾߣǸ˶ˣһᶢŵġ
Ӣͷаɡ
˷ԶӢȥӢ˵˯˵
Զ˿˷ˣҴ˶

Ӣ˯˰СʱˣһûӦû뷽跨
Զ˵öԣﻹмСǲϹ취ʵڲУԶһ˵ĹʣʵҲңٻһ궼ήƷʡ
ϼиӵСҺͥܽء
ȻܿԴǾ취Ѿþûȥ߼񺣻ˣԺϺٻǮܣϺ⡣
ԺΪãÿθϺܼ񵽺û·ҪͬУӢԸԶһ㣬ȥһƬ̲²ˡ
Сգʲô
¹ڳվɩӡ
Ӣû뵽ﻹʶˣȷˣЦʣɩӣʲô
վ·͵ˡ
㿴ŹվƷΣ˵ȥؿʱĺѣתתͷתӢָ˹ʮ·ˡ
վ·͵ˡ
Һˡɩ϶Ц漴ղǸ⣬ˣʲôأ
Ӣ㲻ȥЦ˵ԼС˼Ҿһ˰ļ񺣻Զһ㣬˰ɣ̫ϰ߸Ϥ˴һ飬֪˵ɶεĺܡ
ʾ⣬ǵģ˵ã񲻵źĺܡ
ӢЦɩô֪ģ
Ҳ󷽣˵ǾһߣոΣҽһϰֹ࣬㣬Ұѵһ١
ллɩִˡ
ӢۿվĹˣɩ׼ϳɡ
ͻȻӢĻϳе˵и㣬ԸԸ⡣
ôйˣӢǺԸģҲҪʲô̫ΣյĲС
ɩӸϸ˵˵
ˣϳվϺҼң˵
С

ӢƬ̲ʯᾣûƽ̹ɳ̲ȥУڽʯķ϶ȷʵϺĺõط
˵ͺܺʣͨϺܾ׼λ
ӢЬڰϣȣŽʯϺɫḻƬʯȺ߹ȥ
һƬʯȺ󣬸ռһһʯߣһһŮ̸Ųߵġ
ûˣ˵ɣնGôˣΪʲôҲڣǺӳ¸ʲôϵ
ڸһ룬Ӣˣӡ
ôղǸд㲻ͷӦþǳˡ
Ӣ˼㵽ǿƬʯŵķ϶ת˸Զ֪ʲôʱģѾǰռĿӣ֪Ŀ
ӢҲͦãģԶ֮ǰڣǸղΪʲôк
ŶǾͲǸ˳Ǹٵͳ
Ӣ漫ˣûʻأԶһקȥ
һ˿ĻŽʵʵʵļϣβûŤͨ䣬˻һ˵ӻش󺣡
ԶȷˣҧӢ˸סֻӢ
Ӣ㲻˵ڼ˯𣿡
ģӢһ£ؿſ˼룬漴Žżҧȥ˵Ӫأôںǽǣ˵
Զҧòֹ
Ŵ˶˶˳ˣӦҸطѻ˵ѡƬ˼Ľʯ̲
Զߵķǰص˭Ӣǡôһ߹
ѹ񰡣֪ģ˵
Ӣ⣬ʱŹ
˵Ķ߶һһʣǲߵķֱ
㲻Ըңǲ˱ˣ˯ҵϣ˵Ⱳֻһˡ
Ӣһ˯Ը˰ˣΪʲôҪֻһúЩûմ˯ô
ȵȡȵȣ
մùȢ˸δޣ⼸궼û˯ɡ
ҲǲܰԶǰЭ꣬½Ƕû
˵Ϊʲô˽³̶ȵˣ̬İ
ĳĬķ񲣬Ҳ¼
ǰɣǸСӢŮ𣿡
˵ʲôڳԺǳ⡣
ôҺ˵ͬѣ˵ҹΣڽСӢӢҰϰ˵ʲôʱӢ
Զ˼עӢ۾ȫˡ
Ӣ㲻˵ǰû˽й㰢Ӣ
ӢֻǸɺϰ
׾룬ֻǴθϼʱżһΣû壬ûмңǿ϶ڴŮǡͬ˸ֶѣôΣεϱ
Զ侲һ룬ȷʵġ
ίӶˣӢûм棬Ȼ϶м¼
ɳڴҲûӢֵŮѰ
Զѹͷɻ󣬲֪ôͣ

һЦôӣҸѰֶûǣǴΣҵֶ߬ʹˡ
㣬һܸ˭˯ǲˣѵԼĶӶ𣿡
ֻҪԸеΣﻹŵƣȥܰ㻻һӵǰ;سǷ乤⣬ֻҪԸ⣬شңҪҪһ׵Σ
Ӣ첲ȻһʹԶҧأ·ָ׼Ӣ첲
Ӣûֱסˣḧ£ʧص
׿ڳնGӵĸǳ
Ķܱǰ;ǵĵƣԶѾдˡ
ƺܲ˲пʵ֪ǽŻǱͱ˸ȵĵȥˡ
ķŭתɾţץҵ֣£㡣
ԶȻ뵽ӾҲᡣ
Ӣ׼Ҫѳ飿
Զٺ޶ƣº˱ضҪ¶һϵеӦܻᾪ˶ݾߡ
ڻѸжϣ׼ȥºˣͳ
Ӣô֪أȥ˵ĲǺԶĶɡ
һѸԶƻȥ۷ʲô£㶼
֮ǰӢһ˻֮ǰߵβһ

ںҲɶλûʲô
ӢǺ˲ٺˮĳһߵߣʯһ۹Ʋ֮ǰ֮أԶͦģ½Ƕûб¶
ŷˣײײĳײײ˵ڿĳϣһĽҪ
Ľ˶ġ
ԼҲöģ֪Ķһƿѹϵ͵ġ
סˣǲʶǰմӺʪˡ
ҲתͷӢҿԣӢ
Ӣɻתͷ᲻ڱ״̬£һСӢŮӰɣпܵġ
մչȥ߳Ҫˣ˵˾ʲôӢɫޱ䣬ԽԽ
Ӣı飬͸ɱȫƵֲĳޡ
ӢӣϵϥĺˮԥԴںˮ
ӢǷ裬
ĴӢץų֣ſſˣӢıɱ𣿡
Ӣһ˦˦ȥ߰˲Զ
һֱˮֹӢ֣ѳϻ˰ϡ

ӢӺ̲߻˼ң·ͱ紵ˣҺûˮˮ˸裬ѡ
ĬĬϴ·ſϦɽ
ץûץǴӺ̳鷳ҲˣӢɩС飬ŵˮš
£ѳѹˮѹûǸӣҪıɱ
֪ҽԺѹûУܱסġ
ȥ˵ʲôĹأ
˻ᣬѰѼӳóˮһƶ㡢Ѽƶĸƹϣ;ͺܷḻˡ
ȻϵţſϽɳϲŴ
ûһᣬϽɳСţӢȥɳ˵˸ıɱҪȥ顣
Ӣ治ɫ˾䣬ȥˣʲôݸ氡Ҫ
ɳҽԺȺȣǰػԵĳٵ߲ɳӢıɱ޴ͻ¼ĳڻֹסĲ
һ㣬ҪӢˡ

Ӹ̹׵һ̣ӱӢײƵһ̣룬û·ˡ
Ѱϣմҿ󣬿ŸӸ˵۸
մǸˣһֱΪŸӣϧǡ
ȻͬմҹصĺܣûԽΪͳΣڼҵʱ䡣
չ˵ǸסǸŸӣӶˡ
մ֪ӲĺӣԼҪ飬Ӹϳȥɣ
ϾƭմҲԭģѾûлͷ·ˡ
ƾԲĲ֪ôźá

Ӣĵķŭûбײƣ鲻һʰ
Դˮֱ˲ֵġ
ӢʵЦҸԩ޳𣬽ǵһ棬ҿڽʯ̲˽ᣬѳƵҾôһң˵ıɱأ
Ӣʣ˵ҪɱأҪıɱһ𣬸Ҫһ١
ƿԣҲ֪ȷʵӺҲȷʵϻȥͷˮ
Ӣϣûأʾˣ㣬з֮ں˽ˣͷôɷͰɡ
࣬ǰʶɷġ
ӢЦų谮޿֣ϧҪ㣬ɷҲҪˣȻҵ£һǺܿĿĽ
Ӣʲô˼
ϵ˼һ¾̫Ҫˡ
ӢҸƴˡ
ùǰѡɷ˼һҲҶ֣ʲô
ۿѶҪɴֳС񾯷µ绰ææ˵ѹˡ

ҽԺˣӻûдӾ޴ĳлָ
ѯǲֱӢˮ
ãȻĻ˲ɳ˵ӵӺİŮ˵Ӣ
ͬ־ͬ־˵Ӣͬ־ְ֮㰴غͼ㣬𣿡
˸񣬡󵨵˵Ҹ֤ʵϣѾȥɳˣֻҪ֤ʣܸ涨Ӣͼıɱ㡣
񾭲һ
ԼģλӢͬ־Ҿ֮һˣѹҽԺһ˵ӵĸףһ˵ҵľҪıɱңﻹһʵ𣿡
Ǳ.˱˵Թ꿽ʡ
ΪʲôҪ̻Ӣҹҹ֣ôͣôͣ
ôܽһʶŮ֣
ڵԶԶ˲룬˵ǽйӢѿ϶ˣҽеǡӣӣӣ
˲ӣֵģֻũμҵĶŮ´ӣ
´ӣϲ׷һ꣬ɳɫ
ôܣμҵĶŮ㲻ô֣
ӣӣеôУš
ֻ뾡˰ָأҪǴȥ涼Ӣͬ־ǳƣļͥɲصѺۡ
ȻԼҲ̫ô£µ£Բ
ô˵أͦᷳμҵŮǳ´ӣͬ־ȫλ΢չˣѾ裬ʶĽм֣ǺģȻˣԺһơԶ´ӣͬ־
ǡôʱΪų亣ԣĸĺ´ӣͬ־ȴ˵ķθ֮ԣжɫ죬Ʋסĳ嵽һ
㻹˵ϲң
´ӣѵóɬ֮⣬ԺǼŮɡ
Ӧڴ
ܡ
Ϊʲôﶼҵ֣û˽йҡӣǵһˣԺרǳƣٸҽҡӣҾʹǡ
λͬ־˵ӵĸףȷʵ˽Ǹϣͬ־ͬӹǶԶһ㣬ûں
´ӣ˵˯Ϊʲô飿
ңΪʲôԸҽ飬ǼҸĿ飬ˣˣô죬ңô죿
Ӣ䶼쳳ˣɳ˸кˮʯ˰ɣ
ֶŮ޿䣬һһǲģ
޿Թ죬ֻ˵ͷǶѡ

ӢĳȱһСαˮļ䣬Ķˣǵ͹
̫ùˣԶһϺһ鷳ײԶִ
Һкõ˺ˣ࣬һѼջƶѾװ÷ŵ˷ϡ
ĸСȫϴ裬дҵߵȴ˻Է
֪ϵˣշѧ˵㱻ȥɳҲ֪ɶ¡
㣬ȥɳɶ°
˸ˣǰҹȥʼ仰һˣûɶ¡
һͲµǸгģ̽٣ȥǸ˰ɡ
ӢֹѳŵȥˣҸ˵Ҫˣ⼸ǶӺõ㣬۸
˲ӲӿǲԵĺòˣȰְֻһԡ
Ӣ˿춼ˣԶӺ߻ȥҪ쵼㱨ҪĹҪӰģøԶ
ʳóԹˣЩҲٳԡ
ĳջԳʦˣ㲻̲֭յĸպã˼ཷȥཷóԡ
ǰѼݷĻƶһãӢ˺ü飬佱֪ǲǽûǮҾøأ˵ǲǣ
СţʹļףٻǼĺѼ͸Ϻġ
ʵѼ㣬ԷġǶȻȫˣˮ󶼲ˡ
룬˵ҲģˣԺ㻹Ǳ˰ɣÿдò˵㣬˵ˣ㿴أ
Ҿÿԣġ
ʱˣӢȥûüʵĹϸڣ·ҵʱ򣬿лŮʿңƺлŮʿͬ顣
ӢͷŤȥͬͬûãմٲ룬ƺԶҪԿ顣

ļԺǵñĴڵƹЬףӢһӵСæ
Ӣ߲ڵҳ˵ԼԺֵģǼҲԲ꣬ɩӸֲˣԺ߲˿ȥҼԺժ裬ġ
ϲӢˣУӦһͻˣһֱ
˵أԽܻˣпˣӢһ¡
æ˵㲻˵йҪӢ˵壬ͽӢֱӸ˵ѽ
Խ֮ǰӢμӵղŻȰԶأϱоҪӢԶ¶
ԽǸԶһӪģæתͷܵſڣԶûԶء
һɤӣԶϱȥ˳˵˵¡
תͷЦݺͰСհҸԶ˵ˣؼ
ºԶƴӢͳţաŹˡ

Ӣеͷԣ·ϾʺԶί˵ĹҸĿǰڽе񣬵Աɣ
Զϱôһ¾Ͳµˡ
֮ǰǲͬӢ룬ǽôɣںˣҪӢڣº˵ľˡ
Զԥһ£ΣգҲ̫Ҫϸ˵ˣ㲻ܶУˡ
ӢԥǺԶҲʲôġ
ҾͲ£ˣ˵ɡ
ӢľĽкԶģȻģϲȴƲס
Ӣһ֪£εĺܣؼ˵ɣˣҵίҪմ飬մʲôʱ
Ӣĵ⣬룬ˣƾԲҿǲԸġ
ӡԶ̾û˵ȥˡ
ΪĻˡ
ӺԶ£ƿȻסӢ˷Ӣһˣ⼸ûң
Զ̱ʾ˿飬ͬ־Ӣܽеģ鷳㻹ǳƺϱ֡
쳣˦ԶĿ飬ƾʲô
Զ۸һ͵ļأ߳ڴηηǰĿģ˵ҪĳƺҼҲ䷹
һкʹҧгݣӪҵĴ׶ԣǸ׾
ͬ־ǺûйĸĿˣӢ˵ϡϡ棬մҵ˫̥ˣ˺̻ˡ
ռҶ˷ˣ˾˵ҿӢûзѺܵܣҲҪͬУһ˸ոյҡ
˷ܵҲʶʶ϶Ҳϲġ
ѾվռſڣӢ֮ʮ׵ľңң
˵գӢõ壬õĲµŮӣĬһЦ˵ͷ
лл㡣
ﶼԷһлл
л˵
С


34 
½С, ϸ˵ʱͰѼƶһСȫһҡ
Ͷ, ͵ļأҲؼңӢҳСԣ˷˳˿Ⱥġ
첻ĳոȶ, Ժˣĺôֳ, ԵŻˡ
ġŶۡĲ, һСôһɨա
ڲ, øѰ
, ǱɰֻϴĻȫˡ
, ĸµľϴ, ϴ⽻, ΪѣаɣʲôǾͳʲô, ޡ
˭, Ժ񺫾͹֪ôк, 񵰡º, ٲԺ棬浽Էĵ㻹üҳԺؼҡ
Ӣҵкӣѧȥãؼϴ£ѾԺļĽˣ˵ӢˣԼҵĺӲۣСӶʹ
׵ĽĿڷᡣ
ͦõģٺѾǮиˣ߼ۼ
Աϱӣ׷ֵֵĺԺΪݵġ롯򵥣õģֻһš˿Ӽְ֮ˡ
ذɣĬĬĳ˷ܻظڣԼһ꼶ĹθӢ
ּ˫ٷ֡
˵ܣ˵úѧϰ˵ǲӲһ飬Ͳסˡ
ؼʱĸ£Ѿһ꼶Ŀαѧˣϵ·ϣȲʼѧϰ꼶Ŀγ̡
Ӣ˼£ݸ֪Ͽ˵֪ϣԺÿһСʱﴨظϰ𣿡
ڴĿŹ֪ϡ
ɼȥ٣ѧУСĸ֮һɼеƫϣͦԺģСѧҵ޷ƵԽС
̡˵ҽ̸Сѧûġ
ϼޱĿһۣޱڴĿŹ֪ϡ
֪ԥһᣬԼص˽⣬Ȼ˵Ƿǳߵģʱ䣬͸һ꼶ĺʹѧ˸֣Сѧ֪ʶѹ
̫ˣԸһѧϰ
ʵǺܴģȵĻ
֪ίѾæˣ̰ɡ
ǹЦҡҰڣ类˾ˡ
ţóԣѧ
ξˣҪ֪ϲΣٸѧ
ҲС˵ԺˣҲͦá
˼رϾѾʮˣȥĸѧУԵø룬±С۸ڼѧ쿴ѧ꼶Ŀγ̣ȥǲӲһ༶
ڣѧУӦû۸˴ء

Զܸ˵ʲô˰ɣ
ϣϴûص䣬Ӣ¶淿СѹʣҪܵеš
£ֻԼãܻһݹ˷˻ᡣ
ԶϸӢɫһ£Ŀǰʵ״Ų̹ףϢͨɲصĺ
ǰȸӢ˵һ顣
ΛJһСѵʱһϢǸúҤĸˣڿһˣ˵ϲżƽŶӲĺܣüˣһֶû͸¶
ΛJ鲻ԣ֯ȥȣŷԼͬ־
飬ׯͬ־ϢĸǰѰˣѰǰһ취ĸϢӴˡ
Ѿ϶ĸ˶ֻҲ²ģϻɽϱǹߣǸǺӵģǴ˶һģûɹľӿĸˡ
˶ҲŮˣ氮ϣеСвȣҪͬھ㻻˸ػصİ취߳·óϢ
ӢΪʲôֱץʣʳˣ
Զðգһҧ˵ûУ˵ˣƼˣƹˤѶ˻߸˴˶ҴմͰˡ
Ŀǰûֱ֤ݣֲ̱ƹҵ֤ݣץˡ
Ӣ⻹򵥣Ը޴ֶ񶾵ģܣ뵽ǱʶѰʱʱ򣬸˵ʲô
ѰǰĸǱʶҲҵضļ䡣
ʱֻҪҸɣߺԶȥѡ
Ѹ٣ûʲôѶȣΨһѶȣҪغܣԼɡ
ʵҪʲô
Ӣȥ̽ȷڲ
ʯ̲׿ڳŵƣȷǶˡ
Ҫ취֪ĸĶˣǱѾѹңûҵֻϵֻǲ²⣬һʲôط߽ѣǲȷ¡
ӢһڴӦһᾡģҾͶһ䣬ҪѲĸĵصҵܻ𣿡
ԶֺֺЦ治֪ҵĸζʲôǴ˶֯ӽ֮ǰͿʼõ鱨硣
ҵˣһ
ṩ˹ؼͨλֻҪᣬǿԵġ
ӢϲǾУĺ£ܰԼ
УҾҿԵġ
ץˣȻԶ֮ǰҵĹˡ

ԶŵԶֹˣǻӵ߱˶ƻ˳ɷ󵽾ȥĶҵǽǡ
ԶԹĿӢ벻ͨӵǽǣ
Ǹ˶ƾų˯йϱСжӢڳķ̽
ӢҲͦģҾðɣ˶̽мģܴ˶ãԸһĻǸ˾ǳ̽ûбŮˣֻңе㳶ˡ
Ӣ˵ԶҲеɻ˾ĵ⡣
Ӣ뾡棬ˣСϵ׽ģԷô
ԶǸʵҶĸմһģǵ㣬㲻Ҫᡣ
Ӣʲô⻥ͨϢ
ӦǺ֪ϺͲӲӣһ˵仰İɡ
ӢҲ̫Сˣôɣ񣬾ͽС浽ĵܵˡ
Զ
ӢҪ⣬˿ͻԵñģֻܺԶȥ
սˣע˿ܵ۾ȥǰӰأԸûô˵ڰɣ
Զ˵ˣҲ֪ܸܲ˵ϻ
ӢյϣѵˮĴһ£ȥֵģȥ
ԶͷΣû취ðɣȥ
Ӣ.̽Զڽڰˣĵȵȣٵȵȡ
ʲôӢ˶زˣʲô㲻ʲôɣ˵ܸΡ
Զɫ죬֧֧ᣬǸ⼸̫æˣûʱȥƷ
Ӣͷ˼Цˣ֪һʱ᲻ӣʵҲԸİ
ԶЭ㻹ԸӣǾڰɡ
ӢæɻȥǵرƷɡ
ΣӢʧ𣿡
ԶȻȻĸҪԸ⣬ԭҲȥģֻҪӣͰƢɣпܻˣҲˡ
ӢЦòУݺݵ˼£ֱüˣҲûƣĨȥϴ䣬˸ˮ裬Ӣ˯ˡ

ڵռңҲû˯š
Ͼûʲô͸ǽѡȥɳӢıɱǰȻҪ͡
һԺļɷ겻ڼңȥεĳ˽ǰ󣬴ķԷ
˵ܶ죬һԺ඼̫Ҫôܱɷ򣬸ǰͷ˽ᡣ
ϾҽԺũĺ´ӣͬ־ڲˡ
̫ˡ
л֣ҪҾԲģ飬
ûȴԹ޵һΣɢҸʱ˵Ҳ⻰㿴ɣһжĽĥ֤ˣǸɿˣҸմңҲûз֮ʵΪʲôҪֹ飿
лȻķ¸첲ҡͷǰ鲻ˣǾͬ⣬ҲԲͷģ˻飬ҲȢ㡣
ţģǸеˣӵĸףḺġ
ӵĶ䣬ܵŵĺͻңѺӺ˯ţϷųü˵С㣬ӡ
ⲻкͣĲ̫ʹ죬ѾմˣҲͲƽˡ
ͻȻѹָ̣ģ׼ǲǵ¡
ûֱӸýĽ̸
лѯʵ㣬ӵĻʲô
ޱ飬ȻռѾ׸˼룬ҵܻܵЩҵܵܰ׳ѣúӵ״Ƿɡ
׶ƵĻ̵ûǣеմĸԸġ
ô侲ĶԾһ
ҪҪƭΪǴĺӣ׺ͺһӣʱ䰡ǿ滯ˣҼģ˽Ķˡ

̬ȣͻԷһ˯
ݻֻķ仹ŵƣͻȻãûжķ䣬Ȼֻܱͻȥܼޡ
ԭȵĿͷռˣֻ˯ķ䡣
ȫԺ֪ӵ鶼ˡ
֪ûҪ¥ȻҪ飬ʲôأ
Ȼڸǰ¼ֱҪˣ˵¥£ææݻؼң˼Ժ
ʵ˵װʧ䣬ʧ䣬治ǵ¥ݵ£
һʼҲΪװģĹ۲죬Ӧ治ǵˡ
Ը仯ģ˵һһ涼ǵã϶ݣʧȥ˲ּ䡣
죬ӻؼҹ٣˼߿࣬ϱǸɵˣӲռҵĺӡ
ɵ˵Ҫ绰ߵܵȥ¼ˣʧָ¥ݡ
»ǵָ䣬Ҫˡ
ߴٵץմ飬˻ǻؾȥ㲻˵ϻűǰ;ĵ𣬸óˡ
»˵Ҹ̸ˣֻҪæ˵ͰѶسǵ͹
뵽̬ôĻ䣬ҶȰãǸմ޵ƾʲôȰ
¶Դݵĺܣ˼ҼȻƱˣ϶а취ģȵ׿ڸ˵ԸʱٰѶڿ϶ǲܸģǵĵƣˣѵƷʲôطˣ
˭˵ģ¶͸¶һȫĵط

ҪͣӢһʹźõİ˲һĲ˵ȥˡ
һˣȥͷʵϺɩ㡣
ͬУ̾ξôļס
һֱҪ飬մʲôʱӪȥңǰ֪ĹôĿأ
ʵ벻ͨ
ӢôʲôأմһȻᴦɩžˣҪ飬Ҳ÷˫С
Ҳǡ
ʵԺûжټͺӣϰϰ࣬ѧѧڼңӢſڣ̫ͻأ
Ӣ߼ԺЦԶ˵ҪԸȥˡ
򴽣һЦЦԶˡ
Ӣô˵ԭһֵļء
Ӣ˳ְԺŸˡ
Ϻõ繩Ĳ˷һЦڼﶼǼСֻҪʳĸþˡ
һ̺ӡ
ͷβ죬̧ͷʱЦˡ
ڵĽѾõˣҪ֪㡢жŶԵǸû覴õĹø
ʵǸ£ǴĶ𣿡
֮ʵûʲôġ
ӢһСëڳСһ߰ëһ˵ŸԵľ
Ӣ粻̫һͺƽз֧Ӱʮǰʼ񻯵ģ󲿷˶ܣԿӵȻҹ֮󣬱ߴ˵ܶҪá
ͷԵʱоˣߵ˵ʲôҶܸоѲҪľҵľǵʶɢˡ
ȥ֮ǰ˵ȻҾ͸оһɷǳӴůߺ죬Ҿѹˡ
ѹӢ֮еģֻǲȷҪĸ塣
գԼøӢݻ
Ӣҵʧʧ䣬һǰļ䶼ûУ㻰˼㻹ܼǵԭǸļ䣿
Ŀˣͷ˺üë
ԭ⡭Ǹõ޷ݵĸɾ꣬ҿļ䣬ȫõĲ֣ЩСܵί۸һǰ㶼ûиҿ
ûиҿǶλ䣬ҵģȫõĲ֣ҸܵģֻãҲѡļ䡣
Щижů˲䣬ĸĹذ͵ܵܶǨͣԶάӵЦ֣õġ
Ǹ֮ǰѡеöѰªߡ
һѺ֣ͽ

ֱβԸϣĸܰ꣬ϣܵҸӣϣֵܽĳ壬ȻҪʵԸ
ӢͬӦõġ
˳Ѷμ׵¼˵ˣμĸң벻ϡ
ܹϵҡͷĸǳãĸĸ
οѾˣµļҪı
ҲܹϵԺӢ⣬μǱɣҵǲϵġ
ӢҲϣͷɿ죬˵μ̫鷳ˣҲϡ
ʵкܶ๲ͬģҽܺãȻȥʱҸҽݵѧͽͷʼ
˴ϣܿϴкãֻȼӻ¹
Ӣʵʲôʱȥ
ҵܵܵҾͻȥȻܲġ
ҲС
Ӣʱ䣬ǣĴûʮ¿½
뵽ǸĹ˳ɷ磬ϱûˣӱӢߣ¼ҹһͦԩġ
ʵҪҪһ˳ɷ簡
ɫ𽥹̣ӿ죬˵ƭ˵ġ
ֺܺ£һ̫ϰߵݣһӵˣڵӣϲˣҲѹ

Ⱒ̣ıˣҵľӶһٷ֡
֪ȻŴӦİ˲һһ۲졢ѧϰ
ǴŲӲ˵
С֮ǰھУֻҪż٣ͻȥռҸϤĺܣҲܿƯⰢ̵̣İˡ
ӣûڱ˵Ⱒɵˡ
ܼǵԭСѣõ˲䣬СɰĺܣǲӲӣӢȸǰգĴ۾Ĵ
᲻ѣŮѾϲˡ
ͬʱҲܿģ˵ӢԺĺãһҲķʽá
˵˵ЦЦ°ˣҶûлأӢſͣгžͺһˣ˭û
ӢЦԽԽԼˣʲôأ
ÿ˶ܣ⡣
˲Ӳ˵裬ϲżѽ
ǳã裬翪ʼˣʲôѽ
õǵ⣬군Ǹϡ֪Ӣա
°·ʱɩ˵͸Ӣģû͵ңŵ磬һʱ²˰࣬æ˸Ӣա
ѵŵݵķϣ˵Ǹģ˵Ҳûʲô˹ص⣬лľ֮
ƺ˵ùȥ
ֻǳ֪Ӣյأ벻ףԲ롣
գӢˣϾԼգǺü˶ǵá
ĸС׼ˣǮӢǶµӢԼˣȳԷʱٰó
յ⣬ԭʮֵľϲҲֻʣˡ
ѾϨ׼Է֪ó㻨ǮѡһֻӢ۸ֱʣԼûá
㣬дôƯһֻñʡ
ӢǹָжģֱֻʴŻС㻨Ǯ㲻ûǮˣȻ˱ʱ򶼾ģԭλıʼ
ĵˣֻ¸ֱأлл
֪Цˣ֪ϲģϻһȥ磬࿴ֱֻʼۡ
ֲ˼ģΪȹ֪ϵľͱ˶ˣҲȫ㻨ǮģһƤʷƤıʼǱó
ӣðɡ
Ӣˣ۵Ķõôõıӡ
дռǰɡ
ӢŲдռǣԺǰѱѽϻǴӦˡ
ǺͲӲСǰ㻨ǮһһȹӣȻˣȹӵĿʽƺԶ˽˲١
ǶǵգӢȻǿĵģȻڸǰҲЦŴȥȹӡ
Ӣ߹ӦõģھӢǵĽ㡢衢

Ӣȹӳϴ̾С۹ⲻ
˲ӲԽԽҪÿÿ
һᣬ漴ȻӰӢ裬Ӧøе˲Ŷԡ
Ҫ𵰸⣬ĸС𿴺ǼҾҲֻԹһζѡ
˰װǸ㵰⣬ǵ滭ֻϹޣ˫ᣬ棬ʹյû֡
ɽޣô˵֡
֪ϸ˿ռĻ汾Ҳҡͷ⼸ʣʵڿʲô񻰶źװ
в׵ģȶٵɣ˵찴ġ
Ӣѵغ˵ǲӲӣǰô˵ģİ͵Ķܳ𣿡
Сæҡͷʾİ˸Ķܳԡ
ӢǵСԵģİ͵Ķܳԣ˭֪⵰ûжϲӣҲǸһ⣬ȫҶˣǸⰢ̡
ڰɡ
⣺ô£ƺԸأ
ĸСɵˣϵİ˲һʵû
ڴҾϧУӢû˿ԥǸϿ˫㵰⣬һԺſڵͰ

ǡúԶʱˣƼӢСѡȹӣЦ漴ſڵͰʵʲôôһ磿
Ӣûֱӻش𣬶ںԶǰʮתһȦЦʵÿ𣿡
ÿ
֪Һÿ·ÿ𣿡
ÿ
ˣ׻˵úãĿ죬̫ˣĬĬ˼£ˣȥ϶ͳԷɡ
ҲЦ֪ΪʲôԭǸŮļ䣬ϣԶѺԶմҶܵܣǺãȻȻο
һȥӴһԷ
ӢźԶĴӣʵʲô
ԶŵĺܣһŮأ˵⣬գҶ˸⡣
˵СĲһ䣬һ˵⡭
ӢβЦ֪ˣǲӲӣеˣû
˲һ⣬ҲףӢգϺԶ˸СĶԵĿġ
սԣȫˣԶʰ׼ȥСˣվſھ˸񣬡Ӫʦί˵м¡
Ӣ»ϵ£󲻵ãźԶţ
ȥɡ
ȥƽǻزˣԶУԺźãҪæˣպϼСʱ
Զ첽ȥӪʦίڣҲйˡ
ɫأߺԶִҪ鱨
ʲô鱨ίֹı飬Զֱ̫ã鱨㲻øߵйء
Զֱû
½ѵĿڣ˴ĿɿϢѾӦ˶ᾡĵ׳Ҳи
ԶԿǡ䡯һ죬еʵʲôأ
½궼˵ڣί˵ȥҪ˶³֮͵ȥ⣬ҪӢͬ־ͬС
ȻǣϱԶǿԼ侲ΪʲôҪ̸أ


35 
Զɶ, 쵼Ҳ֪
һƽ֮ǰϱͬǵûм, ȥ˴нӴĻᣬϱϵ󣬳ڼżһΣϴںߣΪڻ㲻¶, º
ô붼벻ףиɵ㣬ðű¶˽ǰķ, ҲҪȥɳٱӢıɱ, ǼٶٱľģӢ˳֮ʲô˲䶯ŭı, мԶ, °ˮͼ
˶, Լʱ˿ɵԭ
ӢٶĶ, ҵ, ˵֪Ķˡ
ûαˮĶݼ䣬ƺҲû˵ѵıҪʱпǳ˵ʲô̼Ӣ, Ӣ, Ҫ
ˮĹ, Ӣ侲, ΪĿڹУӢֽϰġ
û
ɵ㵱ʱûᣬΪӢͬ־鷳뱳ıɱѶϳǵãάˣҶû
ûûӦɵ֣ͱһɵͻƿڡ
ڳĸֻ֪λ쵼ƤĺԶһʱ˵ڡ
ۿʦͳŶûڵ˼ԽΪɶ˵Ļϡ
ѣѯʣֻ֪ҪڣԶְضʵʵ˵
Ҳں̲Ӣûھָ֮ϵ
ž̫пˣͲɵ㡣
ֻǲᣬɵҲͷŧ壬ܵȥơ

Զ˼صĴ󺣱ߣЮž޴˻˭֪˻˾׵ʲôλҲûڳŵ£ʱ
˵ܼȼ͵ĴĻҲǾʬ塣
ӢԤϵĿˣֱþ׼λݣ֮󣬻ܱвʶ
ԣ̲ϴʱ򣬺Զ۾˵з棬˶䡣
ʲôûҲûп
Զװģʱ±¶ûð̽ͷ۲죬ûпʱĳ޷֤ʵ֤ʡ
λ쵼ͷһɣԶ˵ѵģȻ˵ûǾû
뽩ˣɵֻеܸ𰸡
ҪȥʳҪӢԼ
ԽܵĶλڴ̽ҲܸɵţҵǣԶǲǻؼϱ˵Ǳ
Զ΢쵼ʲô˼滳ϱйϵ
Խ޿κΣĺԶ򣬡ֳ嶯ˣֻǾϱϻۣϢҪʱͨ˵ṩ˼·أ
Զ˼·ϱˣǻֱӸһ٣ֱÿ졣
ϵļӢнֽֽϵļ¼ûдҳ
ɻɳŪ飬ȥסң˯װĻʶ˵λ΢Ͷܿġ
ڵϹģܿɶԽû
Զסӣݶ©ꡢ©硢ûУ£ܿ
ԽܣаɣҲû취еİ취

ϵд˶ϵʵڵĺʵǲǹˣǣʱأ
˶Цʣһ𣿡
ĺӱ׶ڶûǣŮӵ֣һĸ߶ȣǶСĻӲմߡ
ҡҡͷţӻҪ̤ʵأЩûãеľҪǮŮ˺ӳԱůŮҪͻݣչ˺üң˻пȺˣŽзޣŽйӡ
Ҳû˶˸˲һСƤϾľˣֹɫģһۻҪûˣοӴҲ뷽跨ŪߣںӣǲŴЩΪ˹
ĺ˵ǸûҲûвҪİһŮͷϣ˺.ɫͺ.ɫҪŮ̫Ưأ
ɣ쵼һ쵼ξˣȻѹɱͷС
һװĲںӣ.еСĺܣֻؼңźȿͷȥôһ飬Һ֯ϸĻᡣ
ĺྣٺÿҲǱ˼ҵϱ˿žͱȳߣȳÿŮϲԼǿˣҪǹҶѡ
˶ЦĸƵģʲôϵ¾ûڲǽǣڲʹΰߺˡ

Զ֮ǰӢ˵ϲؼҵġ
ãȥǸ
쵼·ռңռڳ֣ƶ顣
ԣҲðϵ齻룬Զ˻
ԼſڣûƣһСѾ˯ˣԶפͣһᣬ룬Ȼ뱧ϱ˯ǵֵ֮ɡ
ȥũ
ũΧǽԺԶһսûУ˳ȥũ֪㣬Ǵ¥ļǧٿ׵ľС¥
֪ǵȷʵ࣬С¥ûסˣֻѷΪũμҵĶŮ´ӣͬ־չˣסСǸ˼䡣
ֻܰžʮֵĴΪ˵λѻķ䣬Զݶ˸¥͸϶Ǹݵˣһ֮Ѿƣ˯ߡ
Զ룬ⲻôլִǰɷʱ򣬻ͬͬסΪ
賿һ㵽㣬һ˯ʱ򣬸ݳѵ֤ʣÿ˵λʱΡ
賿һ룬Զص룬ܳ˵˵λˡ
֨֨¥ݶϴ΢Ĳ̤
Զﰵ˾䣬˭ҹһϾӣΪݶأ
Ǻ´ӣǴ˶
Զ亹ʪ˺󱳵ѣԷ޿ɱܣҪȥˣҪ˴Ρ
˯ѷŷű˸Ӷϡ
Ҳ֪˭أҪȥţضᾪѳʱôͣ
Զûô;ˣǸݶ˴ΰɡ
¥߽ǣܿݶǿܻ촰򿪣һïܵĺ׻βңҹڷһëǰ˵ġ
ҪǺԶӢͷȡŨ̶ܳȡԼõϴˮζϤޱȣҪһֵõԼϱĲˡ
ʱ򣬳Ҳ˼춯ͼſ
ԶеǸ˯Ҫùӵŵˣûݵġ
ԶüٶסӢ죬ߵӢ£ҡ
ӢԶִ񰡣ôͰҹ˵ĸ¥ʧü

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¹ͷ촰˲֪ӣ˭ȿڡ
ӢһֻźԶ󲱾һַͷĺѹϵ
˯ĳĺü
ΣӢźԶĶü͵ʵ𣿡
ԶͬӢĶߣ˵ʱ򣬱ⲻҪУɶˣּСʱ⡣
Щϸ΢Ķֹͣˣ֪Ҫڸ¥èãԶͣ񡭡
Ӣµˣ˰ҹè¥ϣһ˯ԱŵĲؼұϱ˯
֪Ҷû㡣
ԶٴοҧеҧгݵζأӢҹǲ΢Ҹڽһأ
ӢԴ΢˵룬ע˫ۣЦ׾㲻ΪҰҹ˯֪ĸ¥˽İɣҵȻҲ鰸ӣȻ
Զ΢΢ͷ±ӢʵǳԴˣ׵ɥʧжϡ
͸¥ذķ϶ܿüͷշת࣬ƺجΣج˫ڿ裬ţӢӢ
Ӣ
Զ
׶˲ΪеǺ´ӣС
ӢԶ˵﷢޹ңҲ֪ѽҪ֪Ͳ¥϶ˣڼұ˯𣿡
ԶǺһ£޺޵˵ģ˱˯

ʵ˵λȥֻ֣ӢӢ˸.룬òõ鱨
Ǵ
ũһ֦´ӣͬ־ץƵıŭƭȥ̲˽ᣬҹ͵ũ˼ҵĴòҪ
ߵʣʲôΪʲô֣˵ʲô
´ӣ͸ϲ֣˻ߣûȤأ
Ȼֱŭˣ֪Ժ֪඼ѣ·׷ܳȰܣĳţϽװ˯¶
ȻˣֱĴƤϣ޿ĴϢš
ΣŲźĹӣ˨ŭһҹ֪͵ʲô
ʮӺɳˡ
ֵ֪ıȰ컹֡
Ӣڸ¥쳤̾Զʲôʱܳȥ鲻飿
Զڵĵ룬һָ¥ˣҪôͣ
Ӣˣ˵ޣҹҳ鷳Ҽʱ׷ֹ㡣
Զǣ˭أ
ܿ죬ڷӣҪ¥
Ϊָղʱ֨֨춯Ϊ˳İȫ˽ҪȥѲ¥
֢˭Ƶģҹ˼˴ǰλ
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ĺ˼룬ײϥèڸ¥ϡ§Լϱһһ˵λС֮Ȼֹ
ӵСͷʣ¥𣿡
ԶţһֻӢϸһֻֻܻȭÿʹϢִ񡭡
ϾԼͬ־ԶݣȻ§ԼϱڸϱаԴŵ˼Ҹ¥ϣе֣һС
Ӧ죬ÿıʾ⣬ĽӢ©ڷ϶½ǳµ¥ݡ
Ӵ˷䣬ǳôСĸ¥һͷӶûУʲôˡ

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·Ͱ͵ģӢŨڵĵ黨˼鷢ޱߣںͷĶβͷһͬԵ
Զͣ˼̲ͣסڼλ쵼ע£ֽǼ鷢Ӣ
ջ֣£쵼һ㱨¹
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ӿʵٶȣڰСͷʣʱ̹۲żλ쵼ı飬׼ʱشʣֻͷ̫ˣҭ˺üؿڡ
ʦԶ⼸ӣСͬ־ͷģ㿴ġ
Ӣͳ־죬쵼ҳԺˣȥũ֪㣬˯ĸ¥˵λװĻʶģϾһҪƭһŮˣŮͬ־Ǻѵġ
Զ
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ӢųװϾǲԤϵ֮󣬻Ҹ¥ĴûҪһ˵ʱװ
ҿ״Ƿһ˸ҽѧвģ˯˵λӦ˶ĽףӦöһ˸ֵ˸ʱ򣬾Ͳǵø˸˵Ļˡ
⵹һµ˼·ϳľýרȥ
ʦǼٶװģȷʵһ˸ôӺﱻ֮󣬿һ˸ˣǸ˸С˵ʲôСˮйأ
Ӣ˿ԶȻλ쵼Ҳ򺫾Զ
Զͦ޹ģӢΪܵģϻȥҪ˯ˡ
ǳϸ͵ʱ̫󣬺Զ±¶ûпǸĿڹƶϳģϸϣӦû˵ѣڳΪԤУ㵱ʱСշ˵𣿡
Ƿ㡣
ӢͦεģźԶֹҾҼҴ׾ˡ
׾
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ǳŸԶ̨£СεڻϱǰһҵĴء
Զ͸ˣ̹̹Դֲʲô˵¡
˵Ҳ֪˵ʲôһ򲻱Ƽ˾ŵӢ
û¡Զ쵼˵˵ɡ

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ǻ˸Ը񣬿ҵͲ̫ԣ־ڱصõӣˮûǺұļ˵֮
ԶܲµĻ߬
֮ʦ˼ʵ
ݵĳƽжϣеƫִһ϶ĳ飬Ǻѷģĸװԧ죬֪δѾ顢ּ֮ˣڴాһǳŹ֮Լ뿪
Ӣͷô˵ģһʼúЦҪ㷴Юͼ˭ҾˣҾ˵ɷкӣҪı
ô˵أ
˵Ҳ飬ԶܰӣҲܣҾ;úܸЦΪʲôҪһ٣˵
ԽۼźԶѾѹסŪͷˣСͬ־һѻ˵
Ӣ´ʲôûҪ˵
λ쵼θڱϰ£ҧţ˵ˣ˵ʲôԲᴫȥе֪
ԶõԤУ쵼ǵ̬ȣⲻ˵Ҳˡ
ﻢ£ҧ˵ɣһͣˡ
ӢǶ㼱ȵֻ֪࣬˵˳ʱ㵵Ļ
ҷ֮󣬳ЦͦǷģ˵ũءԺ˭֪ɷ䵭ҾͲһˣȻҶӣҲ֤û⣬ܱԶػѵҪã㲻ٿһ£ԣһλҼԺأһֶûмǴ
ȻԶ䵭ҥԣһٶǼ쵼ͬǣû˵档
˺ԶɫףҪʱ⵹˻غ̲ԶһǸ˵
ʦЦʵԣѳ˼ף⶯Ҳ˵ùȥ
ӢʦʦҲ̫СˣҲҪϽѵҪŰ˵Զǲ䵭֪ܲΪΪʲôÿ˯̫üСϵ緹ѹѽôõûоԼغɣԶС壬𣿡
˵겻ĻᣬֱӸʱ䣬ģ˵Ҳøѵ𣿡
칫ѻȸԽ˵Ĵӵϣæżͷļ϶°ͺϡ
ʦƿĿ⣬˼ٸСӣһͣСǰѹһġ
ѹּԺ˱ֹû˸ӢӲܣƤȫλѹ
ȫԺƤȻ̹Ҳסĵز
ҺԼ˰Ȼ˭Ķأʦ̾
½ת泯ŰǽԴڸ첲ϣҶƲסĿЦЦѹֻ嶶ĸɸһ㣬ΣֳԶ˸Ĵָ
Զ͸ˣѾϰˣ෴ĸ˸뱩һٵŭƽˡ
˼ˣ쵼Ƕ֪ˣˡ
Ӣֹ˵ġ

ڴӢΪɶ˵ˡ
ԽԽԽӢܵ
˵Сͬ־۲鱨ǳʱб䣬ݶи˸ĸ˸Ѿ˶ɽף̽ĵ֮󣬼ƻһͬ󵽺ȥ
Ҳ֪ĸ˸ʲôʱǵǣʱҪգ½ǵͬ־졣
Ӣ̫鷳ˣ鷳ҪսپҪ̽ĵƣûܿ
̽ˣ˵úԶǣָ˶һˡ
̱̬쵼Ҳɣʵͦġ
Ϊ֤һʵ쵼ǵĹǣĻץӢǼڣһһҷɵĲӬǽϣһԽܵղȥġ
ǽֻ߰ĲӬԽһ£ڵӢƽʱ򣬾֪ڷ־ֳĦ൱𺳵ġ
ºԶвԸԽܶȡ£ҪܴùԶ
Զί̫ˣܸϱ
ӢȴҡͷԶأӮҲû˼˰ɡ
ʦģӢ⿴ȥεεС˸һС߸ߴ󣬻ûü˽ﶣСģӢҡͷ
զˡ쵼ǲ⡣
ӢСؾѵҵģ󣬴ҶĿãûʵսͬ־ɣȻʤ֮䣬ֲҵ
쵼ǣ
Ӻ˸Сҩȥˣλ쵼ĺԶļ
ʦϱʵͦõġ
Խܣģͦõģǵñϱˡ
ĴºԶ첲㱣ء
ӢеĪʺԶã쵼ǿأأ
ԶɫӵĿǣǴǾ̫ˣĽʺޡ
æһϣ컹ûӢ׼ȥʵҪҪȥ˯
ԶɫӣϰɣǾ̽£Ȼȥɡ

Ӣ컹ţԼҵԺǽŽݣ¶ݵ䣬ĸӻ˯
ֻиСʱȥϴ϶ᾪС·ɴһᣬʱ򣬺Ѿʼϴ·緹ˡ
ӷֹȷӢ緹ˣֱȥϴ˸裬ó緹
Ӣ۵ǳǳ࣬һȥһû˯Ƶġ
Ӣһ£جˣһѧȥٲ
Ȼɣ岻جΣС
ӢǺԶŻج˰ɡ
緹֮ӢͼСſڣ׼ȥ⿴ԺſˣܹһӢήңЦʵһϣǲǳû˯ã
ʵмңٳҲޣӢ㱨ĳ٣Ժʲôʵôˣ
ҹ͵͵ܳȥ׳ҵǽǣк´ӣСҪˣ֪㳳ɳȥء
ҹ½ӵ֪ͨȥɳӻֵϲŸ˯£Ժ緹ʱ䣬˭ء
ҲܺˣҲˣֻʴʲôʱҿ̬ȣһ춼ȣ޲ý飬Ҹ͵ѧУȥġ
Ӣ֣е⻥̹׹֪ǴģѰйأûʲôġ
Ӣѹ˵ʵҾڳĸ¥ϣɢҲߵģұ쵼ίҪ̽һܵ飬˵Ѱйء
Ӣ°ǰѰǰƲ˵һ飬鱨
˶ѾڽǢˣҵǿֱӴѹؼϢŪŪ֮ôߺԶ쵼أ
ҲɣӢԼҲ鷳
ĶˣԭĴĴˣôҪ鱨һ춼Σա
Ҳ˱¶Ӣ
ɫأ˼ȥһ취⹫һӣǰѶ˵ģȥ˻ججʲô˵ʲôºΪ˸ǲجΣҸ㣬쵼֤Ҳ´
ӢôõĶֱò𣿡
͵־΢ᶨģǶã⹫˵ЩѶˣĥ˾ҩȥʮγɹڶ̱ƹⷽӻڷˡ
ҲûԹǸɡ
Ӣ˲òһȥҩ˺üҽԺͰҩãҩҩˮ
⽫ӢԷüʱʱҭ£δɵۡ
ߵйҸദһûӰˣڵϲ˯һʱѲҸţ㿪ʼɣҸͺԶ
Ӣܣ뵽ǱʶĺܼңӢֲĨһμˡ
һСξĶǵļ䣬ǱʶӢˡ

ԶϻؼңСѾ˷ϴ衢ڷ︴ϰΣԶӢа취¾͸ĸӽ̵ķԼȫԺʡĵļҳˡ
ݵĲϣϵɴ棬Ǹķˣ˷ݵġ
ûƣӢѵڼң
˲Ӳ磬ܳ˵ְ֣ȥԷɣ
ȥ𣿡
ǰſȥ᲻ôţ֪÷˵ֻ˯̫ˣȥɣ˷˯
ԶСݣšŰ֣ûƿţĨڸߵԱߣȱſͷ˯Ӣקסˡ
ƣ˰
ԶЩۣЩһԱ˭ôԼ۳
ҲڼϢȥĶˣ
Ӣ϶ֻ꣬ȻϷֱʱ򣬺ԶǾζġþ׼Ͼ̽һ¡
˯ȫޣһ˲Ͽƣȵȣ¸㱨أҴʳˡ
л˵
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36 
ǰ, ڶºڸĶ󳹵׷֣̤˶ȥĻ, ˼˷ԣȥվԼȥİ飬ͷûлء
Ļ䣬˭û˵һȥ, δѰ
ôˣѰڳſڣ˶µδޡ
˵СʶͲ˺ü, Сһ, ˸ǸûСʱϤء
ڼµĻ£Ѱûʲô, ĸġ
㡣벻ͨ, ѰúõΪʲôҪ飬Ϲ
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Ѱţţ˱ˮ, ɥı, ֪͵ܳġ
ѰҲ֪δ޶ʱ, ǰûг׶ϵ
̾, ִѾװһͨڱ﹤˽һ꣬˹ؼϢڹϲܳ
ѰҼӰ಻ˣסһһȥ
Ҳȥ
Ѱ濴۾ȥҲУҪˣݼٵʱǾͰѻ˰ɡ
ʪ
ʱ㣬һ鶹嵽潹ƣһ̰׵ŵͰȥѰĵλ
ϣζʲôأ
ڱſڣѰĶͷ˾׾ˣеģ
Ц͸Ѱġ
ÿͻݣѰСӿˡ
ϵЦȿ޻ѿʲôѽúõıϰ࣬治֪ôġ
ǰĴ˶ûʼǺ˲εĺˣ仰͸֪ȫ׳ˡ
ѰսѼѺ꣬ǰ飬һϹǸ˶ûѰĺֵܣ뱨粻Զĵط˰ˡ
˶еˣСջǺܲģǸеˣⱲб֤
ĬеˣҲܰӡ
˶ƺмҪȰˣЦĺͰСձҰųȥˣңҴȥ칫ҡ
֪ļ仰ѾѰˡ
ߺ󣬴˶򿪱ͰһڣЦһζûţδɹܵġ

ҹ˯ţ¥µС԰¹£ȴѰѪڿ֮󣬳Ųסȥˡ
ŵûɢæܹȥѰץ֣׵Ķһԡ
ߴңáˣҪһǡȥá
ѰĺܱһߣüѪ⼸ſѰؿڣģҡáҪ
磡һϺȣմվһ
ȻҳߣеҾը˹մԼȥ㲻ûȥҴ硣
մҴŴȥϹɣܾôִʲôֱȥҪ£ҹ׷Źȥˡ
վһ
翴ǧѾ˵ˣֻ֣߬Ķͺΰ롣
ѪĭӴڴڴôɾ
֮ͷתãȻŵ⡢ǣ¼ڹμѰмѰͬ־ǰûԣ
ûУʲôû˵ǲҪңʲôû˵
ֱϣմҵһɩӡĻǸˡ
մһƲסʣɩӣҴûһֵ𣿡
ɫ԰ף߶£˫ַСϣһˡ
Ȼû˵˭ģմԶ룬ΪǴŸӡ
ʱΨһִǰ籣ΨһѪ
ɩҸĺһӣ裬ҸЭ飬ӵĸףԺƽ˾ˣƾԲʱ飬ֻѺ
Ǵοˣ֪ǿѰǿȥİ顣
ʲôûͣôմᣬӦմҵ󣬵ͷ˵á
ֱܾԺѰͺ걻׷ΪʿϸϸζѰԣףѰļ仰Ҫ鱨
Լ˵ԭ򣬾ŵԺõϣһֱ

ӢǷҩҩڰ칫ϣںԶͼλ쵼ǰ̽ĵ쾭
Ӣʱ޲Ҳʺϸһѹסˡ
˵˾սˣҪ°뱲ڼζ
޷ܣһصԽܶܲס
̫õıͱǸˡ
ѵ죬ԽܱʮĴӣѵ򴰻֮󣬴Ӧ飬ٳϲսʿǻһ𣬷׷ͣ˶תͷָԱǳ⣬˶ס
ԽŻ˫Ŀ죬޲ðﻹٳĲûôʹ
칫ǰ¼ĳţȭͷֱҧͷܿѪ˿ǡ˳ű
ʦ绰һ쵼Ǳ߻㱨Ǳߵúܶ࣬ǸѰĵص㣬ĻΧܾ׼á
ĻһСʱ֮ϵľܸѰõĸҳ
Խץץʣڡ̾ȥץ
Զ´ѾҧѪֹɾ˸׼ľɳɤӣǣ

Զ㻹ңϱ岻ؼϱɡ
һֱմҵ쵼ھӪſڵһСʱⶼÿĹˡ
սʿǣҪ޶ãڣҪĿ¶ģм˵
Ⱪ꣬ΪѰجˡ
ôͺ췢һ飬ѹͷѡ
˿鲻̫ãԶ˯нӢС
ųеӢġӢֻк´ӣǲҪģŻΪǵΣ´ӣģǳϲ͡
Զ޲˺ڲԣ¶˴մ統Ϣ˶Ѱ
壬ô岻˵
Ǹ⡣
˵ģⱲֻİ˺ͺ⣬ȴӢյ⣬˻û˽˷ף
ԶŭЦһӵģ淴ʡҲȥҳȫ㡣
ǰһһԾĵӦѰУȴûУƭĵܵܣÿһҹ˯𣿡
ֵĵźԶô֪ģ
ѵ͸¶ģ뻻ȡ
²֪ƲĶؼϢġ
βסĻţҪίȥ쵼ҪϢҪϽԶϢҪûʸ񵢸ʱ䣡
ҪҲ֪ϢҪ
дôһģׯ̱ƹմңҲ궼ڻ
ԶֹסЦǰ㲻˵λ鱨Լô
ˡ
ԶҼģ񶾵֮һ
Ҷ񶾣
Ҳ֪
룬˵񶾵ĺǺǣôСĺӣ˵񶾣Ǳ¥ûɵ⣬Ҳ˵ö񶾣ǺԶΪʲôǶ˵񶾡
ĶΪʲôԼûùأ
ӢӰ칫߳ûԼд˵⣬°뱲棬еʱ롣
ץʱʶˣһΣûմ˳ά
ϧûʲôãӪſڣһһҾ͸ƵĲܶӢֱӸ°жˣʡŭĽкΧۡ
ӢںҹվһᣬźԶλ쵼֪ʲôطȥˡ
ҹɫŨ̫ɻġ

Ѷһһϣʲô˵ǼѰûκԡ
ԽߣӢṩ֤ʡҩϢʱ⻹һ֤ˣһ֤֤ʡ
ȻӢҲΪ׳ؼϢĸ˵Ѱ쵼ǱĬ϶˸֪ߡ
һСʱ֮ǰѰǰĸѾҵˡ
˵˵Щ֤ڹܽ°뱲ڼȹ
ϧ˶ǸֵĽãڶûҵ
ԶһͨѶľͿˡ
Զһ仰ױ
Զ˵ĸҵˣմԣǱŴ˶֯ʮ겼ֵ鱨Աҵˣ´ɶȲ㣬ڼźڰɡ

Ǵ˶ûץ֯СͷĿ˶鰸ǰ񶼲Բɣ鱨ԱѾӽ룬Ŀǰֻǰأȴ˶ץ
Ӣֱйμӽ顣
Ѹٵҵĸټɵ˶ӢʱṩĹؼ
˵˿Բ칦Զ֪λ黹ϱΪʲô
Խܣίû˵ʦ˵ûֱȷʵе֣治֪
Ϲˡ½ϱһ֪ˡ
˶ˣԽܸҷһĿǰİȡ
˶ͨ£˽⵽ûлؼңĿǰѾˣ컹ûлؼңֻϺһܡ
ǵĺͬ־Ҳ߱˵˶Ŀǰл룬Ѿĵ׳ϵȻŵƳšơȡھ
˼˶һҪץ鰸ġ
Խܶ˶٣ĿӼһһɨʱȣǶ᷽
ʵĸλ֪ĿǰŵĽĹؼ㣬˵ϣ֮ǰ˶ҪҪӢһߡ
˵˫˸ǸΣյĲȷأô˶ųжͱó˶Ӣ
ӢٱܡһΡ

Ҳ˵ӢԸԸ⣬Զ͵һӦ
ӢսʿְԱһͨϰգŴΣȥ϶鵱ն
ɸ˷ǴνȻͬεĵˣ׼֮ͽ
˶ûп˵ʱһһιȥʧĶץ˶ʱսƵĲС
ӢԶųǵ쵼ɫ࣬촽ʱܱ󣬿ɲ˷ѵġ
żⳡûڵķݣ쵼Ƕ˵⼱ӣȲˡ
Ǹ쵼˵仰𣿡
ԽͷѹֵĺܣСﵽ֪֪Σպͺ£
ףӢͬ־ھҪҳԣʲôõ뷨˵
ӢҾðɣҲѰ죬ȸ㶨ͨǵߣմ޵ѾѵƸʱմ޵ĸڲ
ȻóһӵǰҲߣ˶ʮа.Ҫˮ·ˮ·ðããͧһΧӶûطӣͦõ𣿡
Ӣ뵽İ취Խô벻أ
ֻǴ˶羪֮ҪȡΣóõƶУΪ֤ľģ˶ô˶Ӣ˴ߡ
ǣҪȡô˶Σ㻹ٵһն
Ӣ֪˶ǲŵģʱóһλͬ־һȥɡ
λ쵼ɫӸмԶɫԽԽӢķһָ䣬Զ̲ס
Ӣҳ£

ԶͬӢðգ˵СǽǰΡ
βһ˵˶˷ӻӲһҲȥðա
ӢͻȻĶǣ˵ðӢȥðա
󣬲˭û
ӢҧղˣԶˣʲôҪң
Զڱ
ûУû㣬ô㣬𣿡
Զ̵ĿӣӢҶˣġ
ӢЦԶҵ쵼ӣ֪ˣ֪еĵλˡ
ż⣬ܹ촽ѵˮ
Ҫҳ£ԱŽġ
ԶѹŤͷҴմ뿪ǰҲԱǶûлûҪǳʲô£ԲľԼֻЭûҪӢûҪգνվġľúܶԲ㡣
ӢǲһģѵҪԹۣúְ֡ѰĿ
ںԶϣ˵ûеƴյƬƺѰǿ־ŲƵ壬Ǿԣ磬ĲңѰٶ١
ԶʲôΪʲôմ޵ˣҶ˯þ
Զ§Ӣ·ҪǶԼѪ죬ֱȵŹţԶɿӢ˵˼ǧ֡
лл㣬ҸѰлл㣬Բһһվ
Ӣḧ˱ĺ󱳣һһ£̾
Ҫ˵ԲģӦ
ǴΪγĵľٱ񣬹֪ʯͬ־ǧϵҲΪ˿ӡ
Ӣֺγء
һץ˶ķѳǸ鷳һˣȻǿף˭֪ʲôʱըˡ
С˽ģǡøغϣٺòĻˡ

Ӣͬ־ԶȰˣ
ӢЦŵͷ쵼ҽȥҳ̸УϾŮͬ־ܸԵθС
ԽѸٸʦһӢУϾӢȹľˣܱɸİȥ˵͵ĺá
ֻǵĳĸ˸񣬲֪ʲôʱܳǸ
ھû֤ȥ̸еʱ򣬶ǳĸ˸񣿡
Ӣ͵仰أ˵£иӣóĸ˸Զʧ
쵼ǣҽѧ϶ѽĲһҩ͸㶨ˣ
ԽЩţӢͬ־ҩô𣿡
ҩӵȻ˫˸˵Ĳ֢Ҳһ˸
壬һ˿ľ壬ҩЧӢܣܰ˿ɱ
Ӣ˵⹫ķӣ˵ʮǰи˳⣬ΪˣͣʱͻȻԸ񻹱һˣ⹫˵һηǸһ£κĲ֢ӡ
ǿһԣһ»лᣬԵĻһᶼûС
Ӣѷд˳ʮζҩģԽԽԽľʲô岽ߡЫӴ򼣬ôôôô
Ĵ棬ԽܶŸķӡ
ųһۣˣҩˣԵġ
Сͬ־ҩԲ˰ɣ
Ӣ͡һЦ֪Ұֵҩˣȥģһһ˾ͲʹˣǧҰҵҩԡ

ũ¶Ӱһȥɡ
ɣũ˵յĲˣ֪ǶȥʳüӲͣȻϷ¶ӰȥӰ
һѵüӲͷɵӣ֪ǵУ˳ȫ׼ȥʳá
˵Ϻȹڻʢء
ɫ԰ף࣬Ѿû˯ˣ֡
ˣЩȻȥϢˡ
֪ǿɫ㲣ج˯õӣҲǿˡ
УǵԼŪ㶫ԣ˯
Уһġ
Ѱ˼Żа֪ݺԺп˵أһСˣ˰ɣһ߷ǮѾԹһˣȻҪ֤ӪҲԡ
ǸӡǸ˵ӵĺӣԺ󼫴Ҫ߸ӵĽӪʡԼʡһһְɡ
ִ֨Űϣ׼Կ׿ţԼˡ
ƣ˲侯˳ֳ˸ľ͸ոա֨ѽ͸ŷ죬һ˿Ƶĵƹ͸
ԣԴ֮ũ
´ӣҲǣк¡
ǲǴ˶пܣģҪĵƣζӦġ
Ӣﱧװż롮ءĴҩȵö첻ͷˣ羪֮ˣԭǸ
Ӣ͵㲹ҩ

˵ҪҸ
ϷţϴΨһ͵Ĳ豭־ö˿ڵ̫ûòǸûʹõˢ´ɸףǺ´ӣͬ־ˤףģûù
ϴ˺ü飬˲ҶϿˮػ̼տˮݲ裬õʮһʮ롣
Ӣϲ裬ǳһڣ̣ڻΥĵĿһ䣬Ǹˡ
ЦЦְˣʲôպϣôĻĲ֪ʲô֡
Ӣ²ӣ˭̣պҲ˭ܴպϣһӶѣǰƬӹˮȡ
˵Ǿͻسȥɣ
̸ףũ߲ȥ
ҵȻǰ˵ģ˵ĸܵĹ˳ɣܻسǣһݻĹ˹лַӣܸõչ˳¶GӣȻˣи֮ҲԸκ֡
ҲǸˣӢôƶܰǱ߰ѺҪôϵ¶ͲС
ѵʵ
Ӣͷ϶Ĵ𰸡
Ӳӣ뱲ӣˣأģлŮʿܰΣôչ˵ĺãӻԼ߱ȽϺá
ӢҪɵĹݡ
Ҫģߵ£װѾõ˴˶ںŵơ
˼ãȻѾ֪ݣӦŻᱻͻشð¡
˵Ӣľˣ˸õĻᣬܻسǣȻҪȥȡ
ûԥþʹӦˣҲеģȻץˣ˶һ֪ġ
ӢǰҪץÿһÿһʱ䣬ݸ裬Ѿ˷ʮһʮˡ

Ӣ̸ˣѱ±򿪣ī֭һںɫҩ֭һҩŨ壬Ѿŵʺõ¶ˡ
ѱ±ҩĲ豭˵Уҩ˰ɡ

ǰī֭һҩܲסĲǶҩ
ԥԥĲ¿ڡ
ӢߴٵӦþجΰɣĵΪ֮ǰʹľѳ˵ڶ˸񣬽ڵַٶڶ˸ҡ
ҩڶ˸񣿡ɲֹ
ŵģɵӣĺһҩκ˸ѡ
Ӣ϶ҽԣֲˣûöѣľˣָṩһسǻĻᣬ㻹ң
Ӣ𽥱ƽҶͦæģȰɣȰɡ
ҩ۾ԻϷʣҲӲ豭ƵӢһѶգ۵޹峺۾ϡ
˵̬ʷ˷츲صı仯޹ӢƭҺʮȫ
Ӣȵľڣӳ
һ˹ȥҧгݣˣҪȥ

Զ֪Χ䣬κ˴ŵӢ
̸ǻܵģ޹Ա
ǰ˰ţũĴˣȥӲͺͿ¶Ӱ֪֪ǣ˳ȥˡ
֪㻹ǳ˰µˣ´ӣ˵˿棬˸ļ棬͹ʱ򣬱Զ档
ֲǾӪƾʲôң
´ӣͬ־ڣӵĳİΣӲԶķߣλŮͬ־Ӳһ㲻ȰҲŲߣԶҪ֫Ӵһʱ佩סˡ
ԶĵӢͬ־ͬ־ķ֢ܴŵġ
Ӻ´ӣļ̣м⣬ȥˣҪֹ߽ͻ״ҲüʱӦ
Զˮƣ
´ӣ˸İۣٲҪˡ
ʱ֪Ǽ˫˼䡰ҵһҵ춯Զɫޱ䡣
´ӣŵúܣô£Ǵˣ
ԼͬȾͳסСݳ̡
Զһ߿Žľţ´ӣĳײһײСݡ
˿̣ŷȲɾʮȵĻˣӢѹơ
յı±ײڵأϻһ豭ī֭ҩɢζ
ƺʹ࣬Ｗ֣Ӣ𣿡
Զ𣬱˸ֳĴһƬհףǰæ

ӢĲӢռϷ硣
ֱӽɱǸдľ壬Ȼǡʮȫҩˡ
ؼʱ̺Զͺ´ӣ˽һĹ򣬳ĸ
Ӣɿĸı˼ƻϷҪȫףĬĬ˸ǷԲסˣܵζϵĿ࣬һ¼Σ˵ģĵ㡣
һѺԶĻ˻Զһѹס
Ťͷ´ӣ´ӣͬ־鷳æҩȥȻǸ˸񣬾Զ֧ˡ
⻰ЧϾ´ӣ˸æҩտûιҩأιȥöࡣ
´ӢˣһᣬͷһݵҩŸǯƵĳķʽһ׵ҩιȥˡ
ӢûӿܵĽɱں´ӣιһҩʱ򣬰Ǹľ壬ӳ׽ɱˡ

ؼҵ·ϣԶЩججҩĸڶ˸ĨɱˣĿǰ
ԥſڣӢĵڶ˸᲻ãôأ
Ӣ̫ܣƣҲ֪ѽĵڶ˸ƶˣԻǵİɡ
ǡ
ҽҪ̫ˣЪᡣӢԶʲôʣ̸𣿡
Զ
ҺӢǵķţȥкӽѣ˵ҸҪȥ⼸֪ϣҪúչǣԼ㲻ģȥ⣬𣿡
̽ˣ㣬ǣһ˻ΪʲôҪȥ񣿡
ӢꡱһǲҪѸڵǣպҺʣҲͬ־İɣΣգͻˡ
ֵֺ֪£㣬Ҹչ˺üһҪƽ

ĳƫƧ壬Ӣ˫֣۾С
һշתӢһҴ󴬣Ȼ󱻴ȥ˴ա
ӢСӢͬ־Ǵ˶׼ܳ洬ȸӽ⿪
ˡһ죬ľںϵڽӵĳӦ¡
Ӣ۵ĺڲ˶ľӸ£ָǴĺڲӢЦЦ
˶˵СѾͷΪҿСϷ𣿡


37 
ʱصǰ, ĺȥĸĵһҳǰݣ˶ϵˣĺȥӢ, ĺһַ˵Ǹط졣
󣬲ܳˡ
˶ĵַϣֻһ·ϸ̽, Ӣһ·װҩԵĻױŮӵĳױ̫ŵĺͬ־, ĸŮõ, ȥ̽ס
ֻסʱ˲жαװ
޿Ůװ¡
Ӣ˵Ϊ˴, ˭ȡЦ, Ұ
ĺʵͦÿģҪŮ, ҶȢ, , ʮҪװ̫š
ƵĿĺϣҪɱˣĺ߰˱ˡ
˵Ŷʮ˰Ϊ㶼ʮ, ôϳ, զģ
ֲĺͬ־
, Ӣ˴˶ĵַ, һߵС壬һסĺͬ־ȥϵ˶֮˵ҹ֮˴ȥ
˶𣿡ԶŵСݣʵ
ĺҡͷµУ˵˶ѾںϵĴ洬ϵǣϰ˵Сϡ
˶ȷʵģСֻСܴ˵ںϻнͷתüˣԸڵץס޼¡
ԶӢͷһǣߵԱүǺŤͷţʱӢ
ԶӢߵǵĴ͸Ǻ棬ӢҲµġ
ţ̫һʱҲҪż˴󴬺һ취Żźš
мߵĺѹߴٵˡ
СˣԽԽĽŲԶҧֽӢ˫ţƤ󣬡ҰǻڣͷһקͿˡ
ڷſǰ룬˲ĴݣӺ󴰻Ϸȥˡ
Ӣڲ˫ۣĺе٩СﶼˣڵϹģϱͿ壬ҪҪ۾
Ϊѵ˭˵أ޸罻ģൣҲû취
мȻת˲ͬСͽͷУڱ˴󴬡
Ӣҿ˵˳ٰӦϣȻʹ˶ԸûǵնĻ뿪ˡ
˴󴬱֮󣬳ȸ⿪ϵӣӢ˵ǻۣý⣬ûüųƵûӦ¡
Ӣ۾ϵۺڲõ˶ЦЦĸӵϵŮСѾͷΪҿСϷ𣿡

ĺװһ£ſڼװϣ΢ĺ˶Ҫųãʱް
˶Цﶼƿһж˷ܵĹâʤߵϲá
Ϊںߵ鱨¶𣿡
˶Цʱ򻹺ãһЦһ㣬Եøᡣ
Ҫǻ׻Ӣھ°жЦЦó
ӢѰϵţƤͷʵȻںӦðհҰʲôԼܲ𣿡
˶Ա߼ӣӢ򿪣һֻŶһС
˼棬ڵصĺö̫ˣⶼЩίְģȥ֣õأӶԲꡣ
˶ĴŻȥתͷЦӯӯģΪ֯Ч˶ʮ꣬Ǯˡ·ˣȱˡ
Ӣʲô˼˶Ϊ˳ԼҸѹկˣ
˼飬Ϊ·һ.åͱҪҹߵѹկˣ²Ƿ˰ɣ

ԶûиӢҲҿ̫ûеƻҹɫĺϣԶƬǵĺ
Ӣ˵Ҫȷ˶ǲڴϣȻ취źţٽΧˡ
ǱӽŲ˶ƽȥص߷ãûʲôջбͬ¶Դ˶ۣ쵼Ϊ˺ơ£Ǹѵһĺ쵼
Ѳ˶լʱ򣬳½լÿһש˿һпյĵשҵһЩ˽żһռǡ
˶ȥг·żŮʱӢһ飬ҵͬ־Э̣Ӣʮ֮Ȣ
Ӣʮ쵱ȻԸŮʮ˵ǣֱ˶ǺˣΪ˱Ůֵ˶
һ鲻Ҫ˶Լ鱨Աݱ֣һС죬ͬ־ִʱ뽫ûü֣ͬ־ˡ
˴˶Ѿû֪ˡ
½֣̽ͨ绰㱨Խܡ
ίһɴ˶֮ǰųҪܹ˳ɷ磬Ӣͬ־
ǡóĸ˸񣬸˶ӢϢд˶»ƾͼơ
˶׼ӢΣˡ
ͨ飬˶ҲǸ.ɫ֮ͽڵصʮһֱͬǵ֤ʣ˶.ûУǰ껹ĵĽֵܶ󣬶˶ܾˡ
Խ벻ף˶һ鱨Աһֱ͵ĺܣΪʲôðգԸӢ䣬ҲҪȢһŮôӦ֪Ӣļҳͬġ
½̯ѳЩϣһŷƵĺڰƬƬкܶͷˣŮ໥һӢŮü̬ǳơ
½ѵһ£˶ռ˵ӢòԸ񣬶ȥĳŮѡ

˶Ŀ㳤ĺҵĳʱҴһ£ְְ˸ܹɳĸ߲԰ɣ䲻ֻ˾ƣƿҾ͸˵ȹ˳ɷˣ㵽˽䣬ҾףҪ
ӢŪĳ嶯϶ܾ㡣
˶ͷǵģܾȥңҵݲ㱩¶ãûҵ֤ݣԼˡ
.ҲҼ⣬Һ˳ɷ粢ûԲȻһŪ
ӢЦʧˣҸԶ˯ء
˶ģ˭֪Զ䵭ôԲŲھ飿
һչʾ˼ӵֻȥĲүʮ˻Ȣʮ˵СأҲʮȢʮģҲ֣⼸κһŪⶼȢüˣҽˣЩǷ޹ͬƲ㻹ʲô֪ġ
ӢѾϻˣŶ˷ѿ
Ӵվ۵ͷ˫֣ӣԤˡ
˶û뵽ӢҲ׼ǻۣҲı䲻Ľ֡
Ц֪󣬵Զĸ纫궼ŪˣһŮˣùѵصսʿҵҪж
Ӣˮã㡣
ǰ顯߶˴˶ȹǣһסӣᵽա
ˣģӢŹҲûбҪˡ
˶ɫͣԭСѾͷѾ󵽵һˡ
ԤдˣңŮǸʲô˲˴һһʮصˣ͸ͨʮһɡ
ϱ˵̷ܼ
˶ƴ겼ֵ鱨ɲֹһ飬ǻʳõϢأ㲻ɱҡ
ӢĵôСɫ˭ϡ̹״ӿǵ㶫Լ
СʱӢһЩȼƷõװϣ˸Զźš
е죬ﶼܿûһԶźͧϵˡ

Ӣͬ־ǰѾˣлһУȥúϢ
ϻصϵӢͺԶҶûأֱӸ쵼ǻ㱨˹
޴󰭣ĺѶ˵Ӣ㱨˿ϷĿˡ
˶ũӢһۣͿʼƻܵʱҪӢ
˶ƭˣӢϴ󣬰ĺ˳ҺӢս˫ֵǻۣʱ˼װ巢źš
ӢЩŵʵ˶иݣҲСİˣǸһܴ𣿡
СŵģʦæȰο˶翹ΪԱµġ
Ӣλ쵼ά͹飬ѵΪ˶ûѵԭҪĽ
ΡΡľ֣ԽæʵСͬ־ʲô⣿
Ӣͦ˼ģջʱģǲʻȥ˯ž
ʵ֯˵ҷݹɣ
Խ̲סЦˣ˳ɣӢ˴󹦣һݹʲôأ֯Ȼʳԡ
ЦȻȥúϢĻͷͼݹλȥңѡ
ееѡӢ⾪ϲ߸˵ĳš
ĵӣ뵽Աûϵ֮ǰӢһ˸׼Ĵ˶ˣܴ˶û뵽ƻȻӢ֮£һ
ʦίǰӢṩһʮиҵС쵼ҪλԱ˶ˮʯĹˡ
СṩЩ㿴ɿ𣿡
Խܳһᣬ˵Щ˸СزʶװǯƵ£Ӵ˶׳ҪϢǲܹŬ´˶ӴϢʮȰе飬ԩһҲŹһ
ʦͬ˵˸£ң˸¡
ʲô£
µòǳɳǴ¥Ӧ죬溫ԶӢڻЩղˡ
ɵʲôɣ
ʦЦ˼Ҿأ˵ɳȱƬԸԺṩһӢͬ־ԸԸȥԲΣյġ
ԽܺЦĺܣӢ˷ӡ鱨ն£һƬ˵ʲôΣա
ԶǸ׾ƻǷݹΣա
ԽܼװΪѵĵϱҴкҪСȥɸΣҪ˸˱ĵλ϶Ҫ˯ʡ
ʦЦʲôΣСҪȥҶ֪ôؾء
ֹʲô£ôǼԺأ
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Ȼˣ˵ƽûƭǰɡ

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վˣ˳Ӣɫص֪Ҳȥ֤˵ĿԸ󡣡
Ҳе㲻̫Ծ£߿㡣

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һһģһģԼ⴩ˡ
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ȥˣĵĵҲģռұҵģ㸸ĸҪѼеķʹλɥȫ㣬Ʋ໤ˣȻǺԶǸˡ
մǸɵȻͬˣֻһͻṫ
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ˣһʼͻɣ¸ʧ֣ıɱ
ԸðգҲҪ¸ԵȵĴۡ
Ӣ¶ˣձϰһѱסӢϲ֪¶ᣬͷϻĺˮ㼯һ
Ӣˡ
ʣҪ壬˵ǲǣ
ǣ˵Ķԡ
Ӣ󱳣ĺܰ㻹û꣬ϣ壬úõĹȥ㻹иҪֻһСᣬҪ
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һ𣬸Ѿη׼ȥɳ䲻ӽʯ棬߳һʮС
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Ӣϸ֤ʣµıɱﱻġ
ڴʵհ̣Ķ𣿡
Ӣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôã´ȥ̲ô˵ģ
۷ʲôҧڣ˵ߵʱ⻹úõģڽʯϴ磿
ͻıʣ˭ûԤϵ
Ӣûлش⣬˵ְһ͹ˣɡ
ݱƽߣ⵽ԭס񣬼ȿϣɫҲ֪ϱӣǸ˺õ׻СŮ¼
ԺӻǺģпСŻˣụָ̂ˣ̫֣ô̵ܽ˽С
ݽ
Ӣٴ໥һۣӶԷ۾˷񶨵ζ
ӢܿݵɫղѯʵʱСΪû˵ȫ࣬˺ºεɫ
ϱӣ֤֮ͬСһ·޹Ӯġ
ޣƾʲôɶӸŮҪʯѽƾʲôԸˣûк³ѽ
⣬˼ҵĺӣֲǹܣǺء
ӢҲٻ޵òѾʼˣǲ֣װʽ˸ĸ죬ȵϺܴ󲿷ֵСӶùġ
ȰҲԸˡ
ԳЦЦҲˣ֪ΪʲôһģԾľ뱣һ˵Ҿ͸ˮһ㣬ǰ˼װ֡裬ֲǹܡ

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˽ĿĿšˮˣһ˸ɱ˵̬ͶչʵʲôʱԼõģ
ӢʵҲûǰ͸¶ֻ̫࣬ȥ֮ǰ˵кǴͽȥϻȥǴʯ̲
ʵȥ֮ǰʲôûᣬŸӢĬһἰʱȥ
Ǵɳ˶Ժõ˵ǡ
Զûɣ˼ԼϱϣӢ˷䣬Ϸţᷴϡ
Ӣ𽥱ɫЦҸմӺ̳Ѷšΰˣȥϴ裬ٱòã
ԶȻ¶˾ģǺÿһ
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תЦںԶףңϴٱ
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Ӣϴ裬ԶݵϣĲ֪ʲôúԹ
Ӣôˣ
Զع̧ͷҧ´޿κΣշ֪ͨ˵ڼԺſڣ¶
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˶Ϊ˫˸Ҳ̾һҩκľ֢
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˵ס֣˳ռⲿֵļ䡣

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ȥɽϣ֣ǽ.оʾƣ׵ġ
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˷һ㣬ɽ, Ů
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Ů˶ԼòǺŵ, ô˵ǰȻȻķ֣תͷ׽, ˳ɷ绹ҪΪǰ񲻳ɣ
˿ЦҲ˵׼, λЩɩǣ˳ɷܵĶ, ȫؾ, һ, ĸҸ쵼ܶһֱҲῪڡ
Ů˳Ƭ̣ƺ¶ľģ˳ɷ̫Ҫ, ˶ߵͷ, ֻǿɲ̫, 뵽뵽ߵļƻ, ҪҴżĻᣬֻҪʶˣˮʯܸġ
룬ϴܹ˵ŮҪȥΣλ٣ȥͬļҳܹںˣҪȽӴӣٽӴܹ
Ů۾һ۰Ů˱Ͳ࣬˳ɷŮĸ٣мҵֶŮԼĺӣࡣ
Ȼͺð죬ֻҪϿˣܵõ˳ɷĺøУͼ֮
ȴұķҲС
Ů˵˵Ķԣ취Ӵ
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տʼ˵ĺúõģ˵˴ӰɣͻȻǸСŶҽһҽеĻ˵ģ˭ͻȻ˹ͷƵģŵĸϽܳȥСɫףͷȫǺϥڵϣֻСһ𡣡
ҿ̬ӦǸСָʱ򣬱СոܲˣʹĹġ
ǶأС˵ʲôĻСĳͷأ²²
˵һѣû˵ص㣬û˵Ӣȥˡ
Զˣͻ״̫࣬˾֮ɩӣ֪Ӣȥ𣿡
һӢûؼңҲˣ֪ѽôҲϹˣȥʳɡ
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Զֻ΢˼룬ɩ°ʱﺢӴȻȥũҳȥˡ

Ҳ˾֮ȥӢᾫе㱡
ȥӢʲôţ
ŶˣȥлӢṩһسǲõĻᣬ֯ѾʵܿͿԴ뿪ϵȥˡ
ȥʱ򣬻һɽժĺҰӣͷСرӢƺϲװӵĺɫӶˡ
ֹǺۣۡе֣һʼĵͦõģôŭӢģ
˵ɶˣþôֹǶˡ
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ӢΪǮûеߣ˵ҳҩ˵ġ
һҪǴҰ˵ˣ˵˲ժҰӡ
ʹ֣ʲôʱҲѬĵ˰ȻΪ˿ЦɣҪ͸˵ҰҪ
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ͷʹѣһ̫ѨʹֲòסŵԿס
ȵȣֿⷿˣ˭
Щ˶ôˣк谵ķĺ˵ĺòã
÷Ĺˣ˭Զ϶򲻹
Ųŷ֣ǺԶӢɷ
Զżɽ˵ᣬ˵һ˿ְΪӢԣԽԽڣ˲Žȵȵġ
ĬĬ²һԶԵİɡ
Զ⣬ҲԾˣͰѸղǶΣͷʹѵļ˵˳
ǵСڽǣҲ»Ӣͬ־ҳߣ϶ɽժҰȥˡ
˶٣Ϊôˣҳߣ˵԰ɺͬ־
Զôڣȥϵ·ϣͬͬסü죬㲻Ϥˡ

ԶֻȻؼңյԺſڣﻶЦһƬ
϶ʹڳæӸӢһɫĲúͮͮҰСӡ
һָƬöСӣ㳢
ԶƤôСҰСӣһһǹġ
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ѽȻΪǸŶô𣿡
Ӣÿӷ˼ָʮȻ˵ţüҪǮӣһҩҾ͸ѵȻժӵĵطԸ˵ˣûùҡ
Զڳķ䣬ʹõƷв̶ͬȵĥ𣬺üǴǱߴģͦԼġ
һ뵽ʵϱӣԶȻе㲻ζ
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ڶصغܽǱߵĸнһĹǽؼԺӴļȺļͥףԶңֺá
һǳɳƬӢȥˣǳɳΨһŮԵļ
صڼԺͻм䣬ҲԶΰãʵ̫࣬⹤˵ʵͦġ
ԷĸΡͳɳƬԡ
Զ죬һʱ󲻶һٵʵ㣬ĸʺӢ
뷢һ½ˣϾСĸؾı׼ѵģֻǻܸˡ
ҵĻѡƬѡǿӢ
ӳӢļ򣬿˿ֽϵݹ˵ĹзչԺǼӢܽƽ̨
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ûĸ˺Զۡ
˵ҿӢԸҲʺϸɸĻЩұŵˣӢһأɸ߶ȣˡ
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Զ᲻˵˻ұ϶Сʮ꣬˼˵ϣ϶ϳʲôˣ
ܳ϶֣ȥˡ
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Զе㲻˼͵ûʽļأһжбȷٸġ
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ԶƤûԥУϲĹ֧ġ
ӢˣԶ治Ȼ˵⻰ʱɫǾᵣǺͿܵģ֧֡

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ӵ˭лϾӵţռҳǮģӻء
ӢлŮʿЩǺƫģԶĸҺܴϻ죬лŮʿȰң˵޲ǵĸĸͺԶĸӵĹҸܾˡ
ҲΣ˵ƫܴһֶǸĿȾģȥƫԸô죬ҳҲңӴߡ
ӢӽȽϺãȥϵ·ϣģӽ֤ӳǰٽӡ
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⸹̣ǳʯͷ϶˯ϸĴ

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Ӣѽȵңȥϴ衣
ϴǻˮԶͿݵĺţ̧ͷϵ£ϵǳãϵǣһһţôҲ塣
ٰʮŵʱӢˡ
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ѪҺƷڣյҲʼģԭϲһˣڸǰҲһ㣬޲ӵѪԶٷֿ
һõ׶ѡԵְɣԶ롣
ǰͷӡһǣߵĹͷңŵϣתϷţֻνĶͷ䵽ߣɳƵĲС
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ԶһӢ˵Ըġ
ӢҧĶ䣬ӣٲǺ죬ò
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šҪǰ죬иоģһܹɡ
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ӢǱԶѵġ
ܲʱӢ˯경Ӣ˯ȥӪС֮Ӣ˯
ʵҲ˯̫硣
ѹûô˯ǰļСʱҲǳһᣬǺ֣һ羫رãκʱҪá
̬Ҳ˵仯ദɬţǰӢأҲǸҪĴˤˡ
ǳƬĹΣյģԶǳĶŵġ
ԶڴһᣬӢʵ˯ۣЦݶ֮ǰİǰ޷εİ⡣
Ӣ緹ˡ
Ӣһ۴΢⣬ܹƳʱ䣬ӻûأ˯һᡣ
붯˶ֱӴָֻ
굽ˣ˯ᡣ
ϸ׵Ĳͷ¶Զеʱ䣬Ÿһ˯һ𣿡
Ӣ˯ˣͷĿ⣬ЦЦвһСʱù𣿡
Զһʱ磬ԲǺðɣ񣬽˯
Ӣ۾ĵ
Զû뿪䣬ӢҰ㡣
ŴϷųȥˡ
Ӣɱ۾ֱȻĴ£ϸָһûһµģߵԱ߹Ǹ롣
£ǸɫʼǱģû١
Űɣһ죬вѵԭ뿪ʱҲúԶ֪Ϊʲô뿪
Ҫ֪Ǳ߾ʲôȻɵˣһӶ߲

緹ܷʢϲС
Զõÿӵ֣СܳԵеԾɣǸóԵġ
ڼĵλС𣿡
ԶԣʵĽǼ¡
֪̲סЦһѾ˵æסˡ
ӢҲˣһӹӪͣԶ˵ѺһĲǮһˣϵųͷϡ̲˰ɡ
Զڶ𣿡
ӢΪأţҲֻġ
ãʽһºͿùˣ
Զĳô٣Ǻҵϱġ
ŭĿߣһһӣҵˣǻ⣬Ҳ˺ðɡ
ӢԶȻ԰꣬һ壬ûΪǮᶾģϰǼͬȽһöȣĹͣһǮɡ
ĲмֺҪһǮִŹˣ˵ôͻȻء
ӢǺЦһǮ㻨ǮѾܶˣҪ֪ðɡ
תͷСĩǲҪȥΡ
˲Ӳͷһ༶Ҫҳͬǰ༶ͬѧİְرæŶֻҳȥ𣿡
ԶԾԾԣս뵽٣Ҫȥɣܱǰȫ
ӢЦöȥ
Զ⣬Ϊʲô
Ӣ㿴Ķе¶ͷ̫ãǳȥĿģǻͨҳ㺢ȥɡ
СԹתķɿ죬ù˰ȥɣȥǶ棬ͱֳǿȥԸˡ
ӢԶ̫⣬˵˼ҺӶøˣӻᣬøɣ㿴أ
ԶƳӢĨ޵ĺۣûɵĿڷ飬µĸڣ˵Уġ
˷ҪȥѧӢʱ䣬Զһϰ࣬ȥ㣬ϴ𣿡
֮ǰȥʳϰ಻̲УƬ⹤Ӣֵĺܻϲġ
ԶﶼЦ⣬ãȥɡ

Сգλã⣬⼸Ϥ»ӴȺڵĹ
̫ˣӢͬ־ѡɳĸλмˡ
Ǵܻܲڸ¥ϷµûӢȷʵЭ
ͬ¶ѺãӢ˺棬⼸үǶ˼ԺϤˣȻ˽⡣
ӢСʵϰŸӴչӢ㣬˵ܴ𣿡
ӢͷЦǰ
ͦ˼ͷǸˮšˣܲ鷳㡭
ʱǺšӢڼҰＸӿܶαӣ֪ͨ˻Ǻܷġ
֣ҡ
ʹļףͬ־㻹Ůͬ־šǣҪ𣿡
ӢѾˮšˣæûû£һﺫԶšأˡ
ǺЦŶǷ޶һװġ
ھӪĺԶĳˣѱƵǰûšһ¡
ԶĲУˣҪǿѵǿȰ
ǵǸ˲ߣˮšͻȻƤһ£Ҳ֪˭ڱ˵
Զ룬Ӣһүмϰ࣬ϰ
ʵӢϰߵĺܡ
ӴһϱܴɳģһԷ޾ףȥСӣȥϽѲ飬һλ¹ˣץֻ껨è
СۻèһצӣӢˣܰһ¡
оʱر죬һӾ͵°ʱ䣬ϺԶϰϰߣӦ˸𣿡
ͬǶҶͦõġӢЦҲǾ˵ˣҪѽ
Զ룬ϵΰһֱͦõģɳ꣬ϻЭ˸˷ӰûʲôҪӦòرصİ飬¡
ԹⲻӢˣӸ֪˵Ҫˣ˯ȻӢ˵ЩŮ֮Ļ
ԶͷҲſһҪؿշˡ

֯Ѿ׼ҵˡ
֮е£ӢĵմҽĴ㣬Ҫ߻ôŪ
תҵȥ߾
ǺΣհͬ⣿
϶ǲͬģѾûһˣһһ£ĸܲˡ
մڵ绰˵£˵ΣյĹܵȥҪҵмֵȥԼ̶ֱӴǰ۾
ռɿˡ
ӵİϣлҲɿˣ˵ӸҲУؾȥҰŵҵλϰࡣ
һӿԱ쵼һͷĹʤƽȡ
ûͬ⣬κεĶݡ
Ӣϴ֯ϴӦŸҪ˰ѽ
ͷǼǱ߲֪ȻҼҵĺӣô꣬ҲϣǺӺãҰʹңҲ˻سǵΪѡؾ
ûС
ıʺã֯뽱ʱ˵ȥѾӦˣҪ뿪ϵȥǡ
ݹԼġ
ˣһʮǮĸѣһǧ˰ٿǷҡ
ȥǣһʼʵϰҲʮ飬ΪǺӣռҲ
ϳǸй滮ˣȥ꣬ϵһ꣬ÿӲǮٶ࣬ٿĽ
ٶǮĻ㹻źӣǰ
մҺӶźˣԺķҪڳζ⼸Ҫ뿪ϵؾ
Ӣһ˲ףһ˳ɷɣ֪ﻹǹġ
ôܲǹأûЩ⣬Ѿ֤ˣŹ֪ϺͲӲӣһĿҸһ
ֻͻıʣǴֲڶϵӢϣһ
ģֻһݡģİ˵İˣܡ
ӢЦأǰѾӣ˳ɷ˳Ѿ֪ѾԭǸӢ
ֻǹ˳ɷԭסٴҲ²ġ
ӢҲ֪˳ɷ󣬻᲻ʶĸо
⻹ԥ
ӢҲǸԵģԵֶϲȻټ档
һֱĵҹԶţίѵӢ绹Ҫϰأĵ̫ٵġ
ӢԶؼңȱڵҹû˯ʱĿ飬Զ㶼˵컹Ҫϰģܲͣ˯
˵ɤͣ˯
ӢҪ˯ŲŹ֡
ڶˣʵʵģ˯ṳ́ʵ

һ죬ӢӴȺڵĹͬϽЩҪ
ϸϰ࣬ӢһҪСգȥũһˣи֪Ҫߣ㶢űӡ


39 
Ҫ뿪֪ȥ, ֪ĽģҲ΢΢ʵģ廹ǺѺõĹϲͱ, ˵ƽʱǿԵġ
ҲԼߵƷֱ͸֪֪ǣӾũ棬֪һʰŮ֪ǳ, ̲סɵĺӡ
ֱ¼͡
¼ֵܶ࣬˺´ӣһŮޣ߰˸ø绩ӿ֪Ժ, ͬں´ӣ, ¼ҵøǸ˸ڣѹֺӢάΰ
ԼҵĶ, ס
ø翴滨, ޵һûУԽԵÿ, ôС, ڳܹί, ޵ôҹ
˵ðѻ˵ߡ
֪ǱϾũﰾţû˸ͷ˵
ӵ, ദ, СһѾ׵, ǸŰְ֡

֪Ժô, ͺ´ӣһߣ߰˸¼ֺӢһߣ˵СӢǻ
߰˸ԶӢ룬ΪѾˣͬ־˾񾯣ִ󣬵ͷһһǰ˦ȥԶǰεӶοˡ
ӢҪǹص㣬£ץɳҲհ졣
ݵȻ´ӣͬ־Ҿ֮ѾûбҪټˣҪһεĸ𣬿ԣʲôʰɡ
´ӢǸôˣһ䣬һûһ˲ϲң
˵Ů׷иɴƭˣ׷˳һ꣬޶ԡ
ԾʹһӴһʹϵ̾иһĹСǧ賤׷˵ϲ
һֱڣʵǿܵġ
ûԹ࣬һ㣬˼ҵŮ䵽ܻܵ׵ĵز̫ʺ͹ذ֪ΪÿǮжѡ
Ĺ׾ݵĻϻᱻ˺ѵķ顣
ˮ׼İ飬
뵽죬´ӣȻȻιҩǸſɬǣ
ƽ´ӣͬ־ǸùҪңҲƭ㣬ԺҸ˰ɣһζ׷õĶͰ鲻һδ飬ΣҪӣǸˡ
´ӣ޵úô߰˸Ķˡ
ҲʮƯһ仨׵ģ˵ż̤˰ɣҲﲻġ
ֲǿʸѣ˵滰
øԼӣСӣްԸ⵱ŮеԸ⣬ۻͷϾҸȳõġ
¼ҵļ֣ź´ӣ˽½ӴֻҪͷ¼ԸӣҲҪŮԸ߹ϵǷ޻ؾ
ǶûǣֱӾܾˡ
øߣʲô˵ʲôӳǰȢ޲ӣӾͿܲ
⻰һ´ӣͻȻˣֻСҭ
ӳˡ
ҪأСһܵ´ӣߣż⣬֪͵ǹץһѷں´ӣġ
̸̣˵ı䲻˵飬ٲϲҲҪԽܵѽ̵Ļ°ְ֣ҲҸġ
´ӣҭסˣײˡ
±ӣһڱм䴩ߵӢǰ𣬡Ӣͬ־лл㡣
⼸죬Ӣ⣬ÿ춼ӽӴСʱϤУǸмġ
Ӣóķţּ۵ҲвԾģкĿݣӢɴ£֣ܿ
ŸӣЦ˵֪С壬硢ǺͲӲӽдţһڲһ⣬дһţÿڶڴˡ
Ӻܿģھ򿪵ĳ嶯˵һкֶܶʶôأ
ӢСְдѽֻҪ˵ͺá
תʱˣְ֣𣿡
ͷмĸӢͷлС˵ȻˣȶͿʼǻš

֪ͳͳ¶Gȥͷ
Ϊ¼ҵǻᶯ֣ʵûУ¼ʵͦģãҲΪһϲһܣ͸˼ұһٰɡ
ûġ
Ӣûߣ´ӣһΡ
´ӣԳĿЦӢ˵ս㣬Ժ󣬿Ҳȥϲһкˣ̫ˡ
ˣ鰮֮ǰӢһ޼յĸѣ治δɥʧġ
Ǹеˣ˵۹ⲻ
ˣ´ӣŻѹҡ
ҿδءӢ
´ӣӢΪʲôҪô˵Ǵ˵ӢӢʶˡ
ʵΪʲôأ￴ң
Ӣʵһûкøеˣˣʲôԭ촽ô죿
´ӣһǳѣʶʹ´ǡ
ҴŻ촽Ƥɡ
ӢЦǲͽˣιҩʶ𣿡
ĳ´ӣ£ιһҩ֮󣬳ɫǺ죬һӣûв죬ʶ촽
´ӣﲻ֪ʲôζӢ˵ﻰ
ʵ֪Ǽøȥҹ̸й˵ֻҪҲϲңԸ飬¼һʵӣؾ¼ҿҹϵֻҪϴһȥ
ԥľܾˡ
Ӣܾûëѵϲͷˣ
´ӣҡͷΪˣﷴûʧˡ
ӢЦѽ˵ԺϲأԵɡ

Ȱ˼䣬Ӣ´ӣԣɳ
ʵͦĵģһ겻ᣬֶŮƲסųߡ
СգǼǼСӣû֪Ժɣ
ӢЦûѽӣȥϰˣҿͦȶġ
ŷʵûӦǼСӵԳӡ֡
ǡʱͬ־ѪĶͷˡ
ﲻѣͬ־ӢһţѾˣôǱĹ˲ʣǾ׵ûУϽȥҽԺһ¡
ʵС۵ĶͷͲƤѪĲ࣬ɳмȰѾͬ°˿ˡ
ƾõͷϣ۵ίȰţǲѽҼм䣬࣬ſ̶ȱͲԣ˲ʣٲŶ𣿡
ЦˣСᣬȷʵڴҳ̡
ӢһˣСոСȥֳ¶ͱֳɴܶŹ浽һȫץؼʵˡ
ǡ

˻ҲǺӵĸףôͲȥӵѧУμӻˣ
Ҫûʱ䣬ͱװ۰ӣԼȥñ˴㣬־װʲôȸء
ʵǶ£صһλְʱЭ̺ˣӸǰޣÿ¸֮һʵѣǶӲܸգÿҪӡ
Э̵ĶͦõģҪȥμӶѧУĽλ
ǰ޻ͦ˵ģӻؼ˵ְֲȥôôȥ
ǰ޲ˣǰ飬ܴԭΪǰ򣬶ǸûѪԵϵĽ㣬ȶԼŻãһʵǰϲǸûѪԵϵĸɽ㡣
Ӷˣ˻һ㶼ûģ䱾Ů̲ɷһŮ˱ȵŵĻҪìԽԽ
һζӷյĴҹͶȥҽԺԼȥչĸɽ㣬׼ŭ˷޼ìܣ˼ֱˡ
ӹŮз¸ѴûǷҲûȢɽ㣬ǰ˵㡣
˵øɽ㣬ӵļҳȥμѧУĽΣǰɱ
־ΪҶӺ׼ɣҸΡ
ǼҵìܣҰ㣡
ʲô㰡ǽǼ꣬һٶ죬һʱ°ܣҪ˵ףš
ұ
Ҵˣȹί
֣Ӣһץס˦һȥ
ȸѣԣҲţ֮һᰴѰ£Ƕɳΰ𣿡
˺͸Եݶ֨ˣỻŮ񾯣׷ʽһҪǶˣɳؼ죬Ժô̧ͷˡ
Ӣ˿־һ߰ң㣬Ŀ㣬̬ʣǴ֮ˣǶǸûʲôˡ
ӢṩԶ쵼ģʮеһҲ¸С㡯飬㡯ṩӴ˳ɷˡ
Ӣǰس̶ˣ֪ԶǣûпʼŲ־

׵ìԴͷ㡯ûг֣ĲֺӢֱҡͷ
ѧУ涨ҪСҳȥԽ裬ߣװֲȥԸĻָ߹Ǹʲôɽ㣬𣿡
־ǺҶӣȻܹܱ˽а֣ҳ˸ѵġ
ӢЦĶⳤģСʵֳܷ˭ģ˭Ǽ⣬ֶװֺãʱҲƲ˭а֡
⻰˵־˰أӲˡ
Ӣǰޣɷܳһ㺢ӽܣǰæýȥҲ޿ɺǡ
־ǰһҧҶȥ
Ӣͷд˵飬ǩ֣ǾˣɷȥǰﰲȥҲܷԡ
ǰ̬ȣ־ʲôӽ˳ɷĸɽ㣬ȥˡ

ӢãҪɳľףʵȸǱߵĵðЩ
Ϊ󲿷˶Ҫӣ½ɳ뱻ӢλŮͬ־ȥʱŮͬǶȻøУһִ򲻹Ӣû־ͱӢ˦һȥ
⼸칤ͦ˳ģͬ־ذӢӣÿγڣˬҲûֱӢ׽ˡ
ԴӢûյģҼֱ참ƣ
СܽһóĽۡ
Աߵͬ´Ȥɣ¶û°ˣİӸƣñʲôӣϰնƽƽĲ𣿡
ǰûаƣϰնҵźأﶼġ

ҪؾˣӢСۻ˰࣬Ϣһ죬ΪĩѧϿΣϽֵʱԹӢЦĲУڳԴס
һЩصزҲؼҳԷˣӢظĹӪ꣬ﻹأ˳ɷԵ˵ܼ
˵һѴнһߣ˿Ļͦ롣
ӢЦ壬㻹ǳԲЩ
ѸһнĽ˿һ˵ϰˣ²ȥڡ
Ӣ˵ϻҵŹ˳ɷĽ.ɶһ飬ǷõĲıʼôˣӦòʲôˣҵĳƺˣ֮󣬡ӢáƺҲûйˡ
һµ
㡭㵨ӿ󡣡ҲΡ
ѹͷӵӢĿ޵ƮŤͷۣŮˣͦƯ
һʶӢڹظӪİˣһ
ͷ״ĵʢһǹòм㡣
Ӣǰڻظ֣Ҳ֪˳ɷ᲻
ӢջĿ⣬Цֶˣ壬˳ɷ綼ܲ𣬺οֻǼƣڹ˳ɷ֮
ͷ˵㣬ͻȻ䣬ɫޱ䣬ĶŹӪſڡ

ֵӢͷˣǹ˳ɷ磬λͬ³ԷƺϳӢıӰת׼ء
ӢЦˣ˵֮Եûжء
к˳ɷ磬ʲôѵ²𣿡
˳ɷʧЦ治ӢõԸӢôЦ
˳ɷֻ߹кӢôɰ
Ӣ󷽷⣬ǺԶСʱھӡ㣬⣬Ӳӿϲˡ
ͬ־á˳ɷ̬Ȳײ裬Ҳû׼֣Ӵá
ҵĺܣƤԾ´ͻȻﱻĽ˿æֽסֺ֮ˣĽָ
˳ɷͬ𾪣Ҫļޣļ֮ǰ˵£ȥռҵŮ
һμӢãҲֽסĴнͷָĶ̬˿صһ𡭡
ӢģǴɺϣǡ˳ɷûɵĻҡ
˳ɷͬͦӢģ±Ӣץס
־̬ȹĺܣܹⷹΪǱһǡҰ㣬ȥƴӰɡ
˳ɷ־ġ㡯ƴӣ˵ǰ⣬Ҿһ㣬һ԰ɣҵ⣬ҳһСʱ㽲
־ֻʧȥ㡯һǸмӢŮˣ˼ۡ

Ӣּˣʹ˳ɷ磬ͬܶ𣿡
ֶһ£ϵĴϺֵ
ǰĹǵϣһСϺǣ˳ɷͻȻ뵽ӢǰϺ֣ݣӿϰֻϺϺǣһҧȻϺβԵ
һ֮ӢóԵϺָǵġ
˳ɷܣӢӢãӢĶأ
ʶľ͸Ӣͣǵģûףͬ˵Ҫ̣ԤԷĿոͼϵ⣬û뵽㡣
Ӣ˵ҿ㣬м񣬻Ϊȥء
˳ɷһ£ͷһۣҡͷ˵̬ȫһûһƵĵطҪ˵λͬ־ýء
ӢĳüôҾ˵˳ɷ粻Ϲɡ
˳ɷĪ
ȫûи˳ɷ˵˳ɷȻҲû⿪ڣԷһСᣬӢ
˼ˣ֮ϲߵʱȸԾ˳ɷ磬ҲͷΡ

ϼǡҲԵϺӢǰϺзĺܣ˰ΪʳҾȿֺһҪٳһڣôܵǡ
첻һӢ˵ǰ˳ɷ綼ǸϺͺӳԺˣԼԡ
뻹ͦĽġ
ǿ϶һһϺ޵˵ϺûȥɾʱӢһϺϣѡ
Թ˸£ǼӢôˣ
Ӣæס˼룬ڵҸղŲϺϵĳ嶯ҴˣҾȻڼڡ
һתͷͺ𺫾Զأ϶ҰϺ֪ѧŵ㣬Ҳϱ𣿡
ԶǰҲԹӢҪ˵˷ʱ䡣
ϴֲŻ˸ϺϺȥĸɸɾӢ룬ְֱǺͲӲӡ
²ˣ壬͸ˣҵ˽⣬Ҫ˵Ͷι
Զ㻰ࡣ
ӢСֵÿЦüչΧãҲù֪ϺͲӲӣˡ
ӢͻȻʲôǺͲӲӰ༶ĽΣһҳͬҸԶûʱ䣬ȥͬ𣿡
ҪˣȷʵʱŮദϲӲҲڴĿʹĴӦˣУǼӣֶǽСҪˡ
ԶֹӢӵһź󣬱ˡ
˵ǺŶ
̴ֹ磬ҪϺҰǡ
ϺԼҪ˵ʲôˣ鲻ԸĸüϺѧⰢ̣ѿҧͺ
¾СѶʼ磬ԺȻҲϱ

˷ҪǺͲӲӻظ˯ϴŹȥģӢҧ˵Ļ
裬ǲⰢ̺͹˰ѽ
ӢĲУСԹɫ̫ˡ
ⶼ㷢ˣô֪ѽ
ǵ߶ʱҷˣǼѾиҳȥμˣȥһǶһԣϣⰢ̺͹˰һ𣿡
ӢֻǴᣬڲһҪԵ֣ɲһŶȻ˰ֺⰢܻ̿˲ˡ
ǵͷʾ¡
裬һŶ
ʲô⣿
ⰢԺ˰ֽˣǹ˰־ǶĽ¶᲻أ
ӢǾûʲôģˣܻԽܰɡ
ԺԺ˵ӦǿģӦܽܡ

ڶһ磬СȥѧУΪ˽Σ׼ˮ͹ʳȵʱ˶˸߲ңȥĶܿġ
ӢһߣȵǸ˳ɷһͶҪȥģǹȥģԶ
֪ӢһֱΣҪռ֣Ŷ顣
ôӢأֻϸˡ
ӢӣǲˣôûУ
Ҹѹû˵ѽ
ӢϹָɶ
̲סЦˣǸŮ־룬ɼǺҪģȻһʱûϳңⲻʱɡ
ҪӢ̹ˣ̫⣬ʵ˳ɷ̹ҲУҲһ֪ҵ
ҡҡͷаȫģ˵һؾкܶҪԵֵĻһ죬ϳ

ڶ죬Ӣ⣬ȥ˵λСɫأƲסҲ֪ǼĻŵġ
ӢӢ㣬ˣ
Ӣÿһͻ¼ŵ綼ǴҪĳ̶ȣҪն絭ˡ
ϰǺģСʵϰñ磬ǻûһ˸˱¼
ӢùһǸʧٰʧʱѾʮСʱǿˡ
Էǳˣ᲻ֻȥĶûأ
˽ж٣øӢм񣬳ҭҭ־ʵˣܲкλ٣ʧһġ
־
Ӣָû˼棬΢ġཡöŵһ¡
Ӣ˿ൽñ˺
ְοǻᰲžȥҵģȻȥȣܻؼҲ˵
ûһҲˣʧٰϾ£һˡ
ӣ־ϽϣβԱ֮һӢΪѰһ¡
־ȻڳֻλãһúܾõԺӣӢ֪Ҫô

ΪһСȥ˻أ߷־ͬ£־û쳣ĵط
ǹ˳ɷṩһ־⣬һ䣬˵˸ԺӣҪӵλĵȥˡ
֪ʲôط𣿡Ӣæʵ
˳ɷ绹֪־ַڰ칫ϵⷿԼ飬Ƴ˷ӵĵַ
ѵַӢһ䣬Զؾ˰
ӢЦûȥͷ
š˳ɷͻȻСֹһŮôԶĳ;̫Σˡ
Ӣ࿴һۡ
˳ɷɲǻİŮͬĵˣѵѾʶĸо

ӹ˳ɷõ־ⷿĵַӢܲ鵽ĵַһµġ
ӢȹȥСͬ⣬ȥأֻг˰Сʱŵط
ҵʱӢᵽѪζļӿٶȣѪζҳȥ
ʱʱʵôӣݼţӢ־ˣŹȥ
ֻҪٶȹ죬С֮ǰݣüĻһ¡
гŵķɿ죬ܿͰС˦󣬵ԺſӢײһ£ԺǴ淴ŵģһ߿ݵţǷɱӢ߿
ѪζǴ߷ƮɢģŻǷţֱӢһ߿
ŵţӢԺűӸɴţǰֻʮ롣
ȷű߿־ڵϣԶ˫˿ֹѪ
̧ͷĿԡ
Զ
Ӣ
˵жǿԷ𾪣ҪǣӢѾСԶĽŲ
л˵
ۼС


40 
ӢӦѸ١
Զ϶쵼İ, ŲԱ־Ȼһ·鵽, ײֳ

ŴڵⷴҪôǰڷҪôǴӺԶǸ볨Ĵģֶпܡ
ԶǱܵİ, ǣﲻʣߡ
С۵ĽŲԽԽʯ֮, Ӣ, ʶҪԶߡ
ӴߣӦ
ԶֻǾ, Ӣڵʱ, Ѿ˾ûдߡ
Ӣ, ֻҪ, мѭ, Ҫˣܶ˵ˡ
˵塭
־ˣ˵ˣڰֳ, ־һ, Զ¹ûж, Ҫɳʡ
־űҪ
ӢȨһ, ѾдˣòݾܾкԶתȥ
㱳ȥҲͷ
Զ㶣־˿ڣ־ۿʧѪҪˣӢתȥ
˿̵̬ȣϴ֪㣬ǯƳıһżݷ
Զʶ֣תųĴ
ղǴģڲİˣſñӣ·װΧľ룬ˡ
׷ȥҲӰˡ

ҲͱӢ˼ʮ룬С۱ңűʧ˿־˿ѪӢ㰴˿ڣֹѪ
С۾ȵǣӢɷ򺫾ԶҲһԡ
Ӣϰʱ䲻ͬ־ѾȥɳüΣŽӢ°ࡣ
ɳͬ¶֪ãСﻹĽ
ɺԶڰֳﾪɲԶݣӦòװ϶ûϵ
С۽Ͱͣͬ־ôҲ
ӢѾ΢־ĳѪֻҪѪֹסˣ͵ȵüȥҽԺȡ
ӢеĴڲ˵ʱСۣϽȥҸ绰ͤоȻ
С۱ϾһشֳˣӢΣң⼸죬ͶӢƴӡ
Ӣ䣬Сۺתܳȥ绰оȻ

ҽԺļŴ򿪣ҽժ˿֣ڼſڵ˵ҺûиϴѾȹˡ
С۱иһһǽ˫ֳϥϣҵôĳѪȻûѣ󡣡
ԶɫݣͷȴɽХӢûŵʱģ˿ȺͳѪ
ѵжϴ
Ӣתתʮ϶ʲô֪ģҲӢ֪ġ
ԶͷӢ
ӢȴûпԶ΢ͷ㱨ʲô
ǡʱԽܸҽԺͺԶеȡ
־İֳӢС۷ֵģڳɳϽڣ˵Ķ԰Ҫɳư
ɳ񾯲٣ش󰸼Ӧ䲻ϣǰ󣬴ͦá
Ӣģֲһ£Զ쵼ܻ쵼飬úţ̫ˣ֪Զȥֳ
ûһ¥ݼ䲻֪ʲô˳ԶӢ˵ίȥӢæˣȥ˾Ӫ
ί˵Ҫġ
Ӣͷ
ҽԺߣѾͬ½棬ֶʮСʱأֻҪ־ѹ̰¼

ȥľȥģС۲õûãսսʻλ
ӢţҽԺʱӢѾϸ㱨ˡ
һײžͷֺԶͬʱڡ
˰ͲӵĳЩн棬ί̸ˣͬ־ֳϢʱֻǼ֪Ҫٶɢˡ
СһţʱϨˡ
룬˵ˣͬ־ȳڰֳһʵԭ
ֻҪͬ־ˣǾͺá
С۶߶£˼λûзӡ
ɸ֣ϢӢѧѧһŮͬ־Ѫ򶨶ˡ
Ӣⳡ棬ԱĲпѪȣֻС棬ʵʵС۸ʵϰѾˡ
װֳķӦʵŶԡ
С۱һ𣬸ţսսΡΡ´γɹˡ
·뵽ԶֳͲͨӡ
ί˼ⰸӣ֪˾;ٽӴġ
Ҳ˾صټҿ˸ֻᡣ
ẫԶֳ£齫Ӣȥֵ顣
СǵһֳģСҲҪҪ˭𣿡
Ӣ͵ɢ֮Ķûˡ
ƴǣҲеģҲϰ༸ѽץèŽͥ׻УưҲеģҸûͷѽС۶ǿôǹѧҵء
Сˣ޲õԼˣһʵϰֳõķʽǱ졣
ɳں£ŽĺܣԺäӵΡ
ִ󰸽ӢʵܲȻòţ϶ԭ
ǲ֪Ҳ۵ԭ
ӢƳ٣ҲΪ鷳Ǻ¡
ҶܿΪ۰ʱӢѾǸλãĬĬ֥ǡһˡ
ɢ֮±˿
ܾöûĴӣȻɻȴûв
ҷȰӢСգҪ쵼İǶ֧ġ
ǰư飬ʱͿ
ǣ㼰ʱǰǱʳģ𣬿Ļ˳Щ
ӢɳûйĶǣﻹеж
ƳپԵýˣԶ쵼Ǳߣء
ӢİţȥԣҲ鳤Ʋ˰ҵεġ
ð죬Э㣬С鳤참Уɻĵط
뿪ЦҪ˰ӣĹ;䵽Դͷϣί
Ӣ̬һ˵Ʋ˰ӵģһģԭҶܲµƲŽܵģôڲŽأ
㻹˵
˵ĴҶ̲סЦ΢Щ

Ӣͬ־ˡ
ί칫ԭˣӢˣղ뺫Զˡ
Һײϱ˵ڶˣûôüЭ̣ûúԶĳ֣¶ڹǰ
ֱڣ߲лʱ䣬ͨϢ
ԶӢͳֳԭ
ϴṩһŲˣȷʵûһ޹ģ־һЩϢ˶Ϊл˶˼ֻ־
׷ֻңֻǸͨĻţұûɣǷҲֻһٿǮ´ݾߣʱûжңΪ־ܻὫʣֻ֡
־ֻõǮ˽ֳԺӣûͻȻʧ٣Ż᲻ڳŹȥ̽ġ
Ӣ֪ԶԺӴŷƵݺ󣬼ȻǿŵģӴݣ˵Ѫе־
Ӣ˵˽⵽
־ʱλֵķӸǰ޺ͶӣԼסڵλСᣬһⷿӾڳݳˣⷿӵĵصλΪʲôҪѡأǲ𣿡
Ӣʵ⣬Ǽȴȥɵ㣬Ȼûӣȴ㵽˹ؼڡ
úԶ쵼ǶӢЩ
Ӣ˵һ磬־ĸɽϽɳ˵־Ѿʧһˣȥ־ͬѯӹ˳ɷõ־ַⷿ
麫ԶҲѾ쵼ǣӴȥ־˵ָûãпںͬײģǸݵˡ
˹ͷִñӿ֣ûݡ
ո־ֹѪӢŽˡ
ʱϵľô硣
Ӣ룬ʵǲ˶ʲôݱ
Զڲ飬ĿǰѾ֪Ϣ־˶нӴǶǣŴߵġ
ô˵˶ʶ٣ͨʶ־
Զͷġ

Ϣ֮ͨ󣬺ԶҪ鰸ӢǱҲҪư־ûѣֻȴӶٲ
Խܵǵͬ־ֱӽӴԱϻӢȥѯڶϢ߻ᾡ
ʱѾˣӢûɳֱ°ؼҡ
ʺԶܻؼ𣿡
ԶȻأҹȥ
ӢߺԽʺԶȷǸİ˲ǵϱ𣿡
Զٴλһ£϶Ȼûڱϵָףָ޼ĺ룬ϵˣûа׳ǰϸġ
ôȷһǸأ
Զ쵼һѾкᰡʮҵЬӣûءǱģû.£Щ˵
ԽܣҴһۣ۲Ļͦϸ

Ͻ˰һ첻ʱ䣬Ͼͳ˸۵Ļ⣬ѧУ֪ˡ
־ĶῡǲӲͬͬѧӢҵʱ򣬼Χʡ
ݣСӱϾСӣ˵Ѫ˺ܺ¡
ҿȥ磬ü绰оȻ
ӢȷʵǰһȻ־ںԶǰ̫鷳ˡ
֪϶û˼̼عΣʵ㣬⹤еΣŶҪûߣܻ˺㣬㣬ҪҪ
صͷͬ
룬ģΪʲôҪΪǵĵľͻʲôʲôҪҵĻԺ󲻻Ϊ˱ˣҼֵĶ
ӢЦˣǣΪʲôСԹǸ˲һأ
˵裬Ժǳ˶뿪㣬ڼֵĶᣬ԰ɣϣӵеĶԽԽ࣬Ϊҷʲô裬Һðģ᲻
ӢĲУѺӵĶͷлл㣬Ҳ㣬.裬Ҳ㡣
˲Ӳӱ븽С˾ˣἱæ̬裬֪ˣȥϲɣ֧衣
ӢҲлл㱦
кӲˣ֪ϣͷǸ㣬Բ𣬲øľ
ӢЦǼҲ̫Сˣһˣ¶ģǼԺȢϱҲϲҲѽ
رģҲǽеļˡ
֪Ǻǰֻ˵Ȣϱ£ôҲʼȤˣҵأžһ£Ҹȥ
Զؼҵʱ򣬿һڣûΪӢǣֳúǵǡ
Ӣǿˡ
ӢڳԵԶ˵ڼңҸСԼˣȥټ¼
ȥ
Ӣͷ˵һƣиʱϡ
˵ڶû취Զģһȥ
㻹ڼ㺢ӰɡӢϹƷҲӢˬĻСʱͻ

ӢСԼڶٵλԺſڣߵʱҵš
ٸմҽԺûãţЩš
˿ٶеš
ĺһֱԱ߰οӢѯʵʱʢŷĶ١
һʵӢʻҿԲر㿴̫ˣҲġ
Ӣͷ㣬£ʲôѹϵ
ʢʮǰҸͬһʱ俼Ĺʶģҿˣûб¼ȡɱϵǰҵ˵¼ÿܶģϵܺá
Ӣͷʢϵɫ˵滰
Ӣתʶ٣֮ǰ߷ھӣǵ֤ʣ־һҳԶÿ춼ԣֻǶʮСʱΪʲôƶʧأ
ƺ˵ǣȥλҹû٣ҲûˣѶʱˣ˵ûȥɳġ
СһԷɿļ¼ʱʱ̧ͷһۣҲûŮûѡ
Ӣѯʣͬ־ôʶ˶ģ
ʹָԽƺԸش⡣
ʢ룬Թʵٺǰʶ˶ˣ˶˵Ȣ٣ʹȥϣǼһô꣬һֱ٣ÿһΣǲϽ飬ڵãֱʧˣ
˶ݺ³֪˲࣬ʢˣ֪ѵ.Ѿˡ
֪Ӣ׶ģ־쵽ҽԺ̽˶
ӢͷŶ٣ıȵͬ־㲻˵ǳҲܲȰ˵ѣ˵Ѷ㲻ھ̹ױȽϺá
סˡ
Ҿ˵ˡ
ʮǰ˳Խĸ飬ͼҲ죬ĸײĸҸϳ˼ţұͨĹ뿪磬ϧûϡ
˴˶˷ӣ˹һʼҲ֪Ϊʲôôã޸ʼֻûûֵͬţֱҺãֻΪҳмĳ󡣡
ˣ㻹뿪Ӣʵ
ٻл㱣˵ڡ
ʢںѶߵ˵˼ʲôһᣬѵĵͷ
ʢѣ˵Ӣͬ־ܹϵٵϣǱܣй¶ȥûȥˡ
Ӣǲй¶֤֤ʵģԼҲҪñܡ
ʢͷºֻңܵҲ֪ǿ϶˵
벻˶ǲ룬Ҳǻǡ
˵һԵĶѾͷĳҭˡ
ʢḧѵļοһᣬҧгݵ˶Ǹ˯ţ͵һЩĿƬǰʵˣ¶Ĺɴ˶ͬ⣬Ƭóв١
֮ѵķӣڵŪ˸䱾Ӿĥ١
Ӣüͷò˼飬Ϊʲô
ʢ뻹Ӣʷ˼أֶ飬ôȥҪҪˣ
ڳͱûȥܻʱҲܻԸŴ˶ǸҲԸŹ
ʢû֨ˡ
Ѿ˵£ӢҲ˵ʲô˵ɡ
˶ʧٺپûˣ־˲⵽ǸԺӣȥƬóٵ˭֪⣬ھˣϣ־ƽѹ

ѾĿɿڴˣİ飬ۡ
ϾȻ˶ߵˣŪ۸Ůˣ̫ˣ
ȻӢļ갸ƣԶӳʣˣͬ־Բ˵ݵ顣
Ӣ㣬ǲǵ־ѹһ¿ڹȻǸɷץסưˣ
Ӣϵǣһ£ܾ̫˳ˡ
۵ϣ˳Щ־ֻˣ־ˣһʾˡ
Ӣͷۻ֧ԮȥԺظǸĶڳ
ǱϾǰֳڻϣ۲ĵĺܣӢ㣬Ժȣȴ󲿶ӵһж
С

һСʱŸҵûбԹӰģһ֮ھش֣Ҿܡ
ҲǺܴиϴƬİ÷ʳˮһ治ĿƬǽ
ƬѾ浵⹤Ӣġ
ɨһ۵ƿڴô̫ˡ
ǽϵϰƬŮӣжٸεİйأʶһ⣬˸Ӣм֮
мźڰƬǴѳģǼǰΪӢȫТȥǹͱĸĲա
һǶȣǴ˶ڰ͵͵ġ
ЦҵļŮӣҲ֪氮ɰޣϵƷй
ԻͦӢģ˵Сյĸմ޵Ǹûйϵ
һŮӼȻö˵ݳֶ֣ƭЩδŮӡ
Ӣĵһûʲô飬ʱҲȥȰӢԼƬ᲻ỳɵĸ˶йأ
Ӣ˿ȷʵ£ĸģܸ濪ҩˣյģӦø˶ûֱӵĹϵ
ǱϾǾУ׶˶ĵӻûô
ӢϸϸѲ˵ңϴƬİﻹһֶ̨ܹģҲӰ滹һ
СۣҸϴƬԼˣƬϴ
С⽺ﻹ𺦰ϵƬҴ⣬˵иݣȥѧһ£ȻԼϴ
ھ͵־ѹûп˵
˽ԺӵĶҲҪŲ黹ء
Ӣк˵ȻȥϢ־˺ʱ֪ͨ

Զôѽලǹǲ˵˸һߣȻϢٻ
ͬ¸ӢͷĺԶקߣЦ㲻ܸҹġ
ԶǼ⣬Դί޹أɷؼҵġ
Ӣһͷҧüͷˣ͵͵գߣؼҡ
·ϣԶͨµϢʵٵϣǲô𣿡
Զһβ֪٣Ѿȥˣĸ𶼲Ը⣬ĸų˵ٵҰ˽Ͼϵ涼ٹˡ
־֮ʲô飬Ϊ˶鶼룿
Զ־ǹ¶ԺĹ¶ĸ죬ĸ˵Ӱֲϣ˼˻ȥʢĸҶϾϵ󣬴Ǯһֱ־ѧ
ĸһιڵھͬ²֪ǲŲġ
ں͵͵־ѧ֪˸٣׷鵱Ļŷֵġ

ѾˣӢĸĵƶϨˣȥϴ跿˸衣
Ҷ˽ʱ򣬶û־£Ҳû־죬ͻ˹¶Ժ
Ϊʲô˵أʲôģܲ˶вȸݡ
ǣʲô
һϢ߰ëţֻҪҵǸͷܲš
ͷ־ҺܱסȻŽⲻˡ
ھ͵ͷѹ
ϴ裬Ӣƽڱϣ̾Զ鰸ӺѰ
ԶʼĽߵĽˣ⻹ϽӵϾʹӳ˵ңҵҪͶ֪ڳɳʲôλ𣿡
Ӣ۾һʲôλ
ﰡ
ӢɸǸˣһûУҲⰸӻƲˡ
Զ֪ɣô˸أܶసӣ˶Ų֪ԱУǱˣͷ
ӢôϢŲ鵽Ŀ̫Сˣ־֮󣬿Ǳߵ
̫ˣҵ˯ˡ
Զ᲻˵úϢȥҽԺţ־ʱѹ÷ֹٴ
ӢҪ֮ǰǾѾˣϽá
Զ˵ƣųȥˡ
Ӣһ˯ͣǱѵģС۷һĴţѧȥˣֻл˯Ӣ
Ӣţѹʣ־ˣ
Сһͷĺˣȥء
л˵
¸Ĺ


41 
ӡ˱, 𶹽ҪԵ𣿡
ӢŴӹӪӪͣ˸ʵ־ǰ
סǵ˲, СۻкԶǣȫŵĵһǽ֮һ䲡
־ҲЩ£ΪʲôûֱѶǽλŮҪҪ緹
ӢԼװ˱, ҧ˸ӣ˼ڣ˹˵, ̵Ժ, ˵ĶһٶƬװ䡣
־ڶ, Ƭ, ٽô죿ôˡ
Ϊʲôѷ, ΪʲôûмʱƬ١
־Ļ, һֶûԡ
Ӣ˱ȵ, ̾ɳĵʧ˵ɲɣƲ, ǡøһƬճ˻ҡ
յˣ־, ϣ, ŵʵ, ˣ㲻ƭҰɣ
Ӣ꣬һ־ҪҪԵ㶫̸һȥ־ͷҡ̫ңȷʵѣһ¡
Ӣóһ籨ӵԼɳʧš
־һһֵĶţǽٺĿģһ䣬𣿡
ӢЦмš
־ɫˡ
ӢǼŴӰóݵǰ⼸ңҾͳˡ
˵˶ϵĹֻı£ӹħצ
á־ȥ
Ӣǰ豣ңأڱ˭˵˭ڱ㣿
²ʹ־̧ͷȵĿӢ
Ӣ̵Ĳˣ⣬͵Ĺ˺
ʵɣ¶Ҳ󣬾˼ͨļͼֽҹ˳ɷ˽ˣĹλõ߼ıͼֽûЩܼͼֽ˶˵ڱвȵ״̬£һ֪Ȼĵߡ
ҲʹˣЭư༸ܳ
־㻹̹װɣǲû̹״ӿĻˡ
־û뵽Ѿôˣܺ£ͰͣγҲҲᱻָָ㣬ⱲҲˡ
Ӣڳ﹤ֵܻأ˶㻹жӣѵʾ𣿡
дʱԼľһȷʾĺһ䣬ⱲӶҴɵĺߡ
һᵽӣ־ǵԥҲʧˣҧҧƺ¶˾ġ
ܱ֤ЩƬȫ𣿡
Ӣ뵽ǸڲĽûϴ־ʵǡƬƬȷʵˡ
ͷŵ漰Ұĸ⼸Ƭˡ
־ھˣãʰɣֻҪ֪ģ㡣

־Ͷ٣ϵȷʵ׽ܺá
־˵ʵҸ㣬ҡ
ӢѾµˣȻ־Ϊ˶٣źӶš
һЩ̬ϲһЩݵСкʱ־㡢ԸСк
ʵԣʵõһڶ԰ɣ
־ڻ뻹ǻᾪ֣֧֧˵ࡣ
ұ죬ΪӵһҸļңа衢н㣬ҵʱģһ׸ĸТ˳û죬Ҿͷҵ̫ԣҾֹ̫ˡ
кӣĸΪ⣬Һú£˭˵һĸڼңңƴֳСĶʱܽӱҾܡ
ǴΣڽͷټĳУҲܰĵط
ٰܵ㻨Ǯˣסдһֱס죬ǵǮֻڽͷ
ĸҵǣ־ͻ˸ԺΪٹ.Ͼ˹ϵ
ʱ˶ģʱϲȴû뵽Ǹͷβôˣڽ֮˺üȴɲԸŽɡ
־ڶھ
Ϊ˾ңͲᱻϳȥͷ󻵵˶ɼʹ£Ҷ顣
֮ǰһֱڱңҵˣҲҪ

־ͼֽڴ˶ȥסķӣҵˡ
Ӣ˵˵ɣʲô˴㣿
ʶ֮ǰûгԹ
־ҡͷʾԼ治ʶͻȻõ˷Ϣأȥλ٣÷ӻֱȥ˷׼Ƭ
־ʱԺţ׼ȥҷ°ȥҵڣǸսңһͷײһİˣ˾סˡ
ûüֻ֣һգ۵Ĺ򣬾һҵĲӡ
졢ݡ׼־ûذ׵Ķһû£˹ĵˣ۾ûգһ£ݲԽƿ˳ȥ
֮ˣң治ʶҲ²⣬˶ʶģȥңѰ˶ûʲôй¶ݵĶ
Ӣһ־˵һ£һ£˵Ĳд
־æʵɶд
ӢҧͷҲ֪ûвдʦϵûְҵæĿڣһ˵òҸһò
־˸˲ӣӡ̡
ߴһװң˹˹ĵģݣ۾ģŸˣҶû뵽ֻôݣһԿ϶Ǳˡ

˵Ĳдˣȷʵ־ݵǰ㣬˹˹ĵģӭײỳ˹ˣˮ顣
ӢŲдֽԶ˸пͦÿİ
Զֻһ۾ͼסֽ˵ͷעӢţ˲٣ü۾û㻭ĺÿ
ӢæȵǣٺÿҲǸˣҺ޲ھ͸ץ鰸˵ÿˣΥ£̫ϧˡ
Զ
ԶҪ˵
ӢֿԶһ˵˵ԶˣҼͿˣȹ˳ɷ绹Ϳ
ԶӢߵճҵĲдֽݸԽܡ
һԿۣϧСջĺôСﳤͦÿģκ
Խܲͬÿɶҿͦġ
ǣþûòˣҪҾ벻Ǹܶ֡
Խֱܼ˵
Ȼ˻񣬵ҵҲѣѾȥʮСʱڲϵ˵
־Ӣ˽Զ˵־ͶٵĹϵ
ȷʵûŮ֮飬ټ
Զֵֻ飬ûѪԵϵΪԷһеŮϵƫΪ˰飬Ҳһμ
ɷɾǷɣκһͬʡ

ɳʧ𣬺鲻ͷԶԥһ£ʵɳҵǰѻ𡭡
Ӣ̴ԼƲ壬ͣͣңҺһֱ˯Ͳ𴲣ҿûзŻʱ䡣
Զ֪㣬ܿɳڲԱŵģֻûͷ
ٵ꣬Ӣͬ£ӦòΪ永ˣȥյҡ
ݻ𰸵Ķпͬٵ˲ŻȥģֻһٶƬлûüֵܣԱһѻˣ֮ס
Ӣͬ²֪Լҵĵңȥݻˡ
Զ⣬Ϊʲô㣿
ӢһѾôֽϣȻֻװƬӣûв˵̫аˣ˵ǼԼš
Զ
ӢиҪȥ־˼ٴλص־ĵ˲
־ɳͬ½ϸڣӢʱͣӢΣԱȶԱͬ־ҪһЩ
Ŷ٣Ӣͬ־ܼҽ𣿡
Ӣ⣬ģһиҪ㡣
ͬ־ʰɡ
˶ѾˣΪʲôûзӽ˳ɷ磬Ǵӹ˳ɷõʲô
־ˣ֪Ӣô֪ģ㣬ô֪ģ
ӢнȡμӵĽӣڹӪ꣬Ź˳ɷżͼ̫ˡ
־һ죬ԭΪЩŲᱻԭЩǶ֪
ˣֻ̹ףܹѵһĺˣŮɣ
Ӣͷţ
ҽҲкøУԸáʸߣԺģҽ룬㳤мƣӴˣܹϲҲ˵
˶ˣҽԼҸˣȵĶȹ
뷨ûëġ
Ӣģо棬˳ɷԶ㣬Ѿˡ
֮Ӣصλ׼ȥ鵵ʧ𰸣ͽӵѧУĵ绰
ѧУ˵֪ѧУ˴ܣأӢ̹ȥҪɳ

ͷ˴ܣӢ⣬֪صԸôҲȥˣ
ӢҲ˲ö룬˼ȥ˸С
У칫ǽһĸ߰ݲĺӣȫףŹƷӢæͷ
ƽҲڣͷˣƽмץۣߺߵĸһߡ
Ӣÿô˵ģлУء
лұ˾ģɳô
ӢָָԼϵƷлУҾǾ
л㣺
ƣҲܵԭֱӸӢ
ҵ˵ǲʺв̫С̫׳嶯ӶŹͬѧѧУľȥǻسвɡ
ͻĴú͹֪Ȼ̧ͷ㵵У
ܵҲûвµĻǿľ
ܵ곤һЩкӣҲԾĲˡ
ǴûԷΪԼƣѧУ
ĸǻŹ͹֪ϱ³أ
ķЦлУѧУٸѧܲܵ£ƾʲôصҪ
л޶ԣʦΪʦȻͬѧУҾҲʺϼνˡ
ҲҪ
û˹ڶƽû˹ûô̹ˡ
ЦаҪֻһҸʦһ𿪳Ҿͷ㣡
ƽԭѧǰŮʦûӡ
Ӹʲôء
ƽϢģ»ˣлУҸʦìܣңһͬ־ӦôЩŮͬ־ƽϵģд֣ϣУҪĴʦ
лȷʵûȨһӿλʦìͷָӢҵӡ
Ӣ۾л㼸룬ر
лŮʿĹǨŭͷϡ
ͻȻЦˣлУڹ˽𣿡
лɰһֻǰѧУĹƶȰ¡
ӢлǵʧͷһˣͱԼƭԼ˴㾹Ȼӱ⡣
ĽҲܣһҪһ浽ȥҪ˵

̬֮Ӣкһ⡣
ĸĸʲô֣Ķϰ࣬
ӶӢƷҴֲҰ裬ûϵЩ
ӢޱôûϵУˣҵŲһǼ֮ûìܣûܵĸӰ죬ѧУҲ磬Ҫġ
ӢָָϵˣʮСкֻݡ
ܲԵ޹ʣĸͰѶԷͷ˰ɡ
߸һǺӣ֪ϺͺļҳǹѾˣҪĸŻˡ
ке㺦£̣ܱȥҰ𣿡
Ӣܴ˽ľҲȥң˽
ƾ򴽣ͷʵҾѵһº
Ҿֻ֪ǿңҲȶֵģƾ棬ӺôպòãҪĸһܡ
Ӣǳ죬ѻ˵ꡣ
ʵΪʲôأôˣǵҪѵһ£
ƾĿЩ㣬ҲûеңҾǿ
ʲôֵ㿴أ
ƾ״ʦŮãѧУʳóԷȥ༶ҹ֪ϣһĿѣ֪ϲ̣ǿˣҿȥû˵۸֪ϺƢȶֵģͣʹˡ
ƾøҲ࣬һԼֵܴܣ˵ȥᣬһֱȺ󣬺˼¡
֪ԭȰܣƾøһú̼ȺŹ
ͬѧǿ༶ܴģټӸѧϰõģĸŹҲȥæȥʦ
Ȼ˼ʦǣ鴦ʱʦ͸ʦ֣УҪ

һˣΪ˸СǱУģʹһš
ӢлУˣҼҵĺӣʦǸѧʦŮвĿӦȥְ֡
ʵǸеĿˣ֪ûҾδܵԴͷСϣʦ໨ʱ䣬̽ͬѧɡ
ӢƱȽǿӲҪƹˤĻǴһˤˡ
ƽл㣬˵Ļ
ɽˣһʼԸƽ˵Сӵ˼öŵѧϰϣҴü꼶к棬ƽȻ˵˼࣬ǣ϶
ȻԸˣһԲϾ͸ˡ
ӢǰѴܵﶯ˵ˣлУֿĻǾĸһ𿪳ȻĸҳһȥϷá
ֻǼҵҾѧУſҼ
л㱻ӢƹӵˣһְԱѧУſ
ӢʲôݣҶļ໤ˣݸĲˣлŮʿ´ԼдͲʡһȫȫǸѧġ

ѧУ飬صɳСôӢ˵ûˣѾˡ
˵СͷҲãԡ
ΪļӢ°࣬Ц˵˵
ӢǺôҵ˹ˡ
Ȼ°࣬Ӣı˭졣
ؼԺҪ磬ܵİ㿴ſ֣Сգ
Ӣܹȥôɩӣ
Ӣһŵ绰ֽ˵ģӢظ绰
÷ĵ绰ɡ
Уллɩӡ
Ӣѵ绰ĸӵĵ绰һӢмĲУһȦӢزȥֱѵ绰˹ȥ
Ӣĸ˵Ҫ˵Ļ
Ӣݸڵļͥ飬ԼǸڴġ
ȵ绰Ǳ߰Ӣʵô⣬أʲô£
ѹԵ绰Ҳ
ãȥϵǽ֪ģѾˣѣֲ
Ӣ֪ϺⶼҲǶŮӢͬ꣬Сȵ󣬹ѧҵĿǰѾתˣϵ϶̽׵ġ
ӢʧˣҹҲ
ڵ绰ȥϵǹɵġ
иѰ˵İӣһ˫̥类һ˼һ·Ѱףҵ˵ܵܵԼھм棬ǸܵˬԼˣ˵Ҫȥϵ飬ټ
ӢʵȻûȥ𣿡
ԡ
˫̥ûȵˣȥɳһϵϵˡ
Ӣ˽ǸãӢ˵˻ȥǸý㶷
˫̥糤̫ÿˣһֱԺÿûʲôֿ
Ӣ̲סЦʣжÿδεµ̣СʱĴҲҪϵæˣ
һǸ˵˫̥磬ȷʵòڣǺСﶯĵ͡
͵òǲģȳԸãͷһװˣݵģƤرףǽְ𪣬˾Ц۾رʮ˵ʮСһ۾Ի졣
ӢԽԽԾô־һأ
ϸϸ˱ʱ䣬˫̥ܵʧʱ䣬ݶ˰ص
Ӣ뵽ղ°࣬Ц˵°·˵ͷϣͷƤͷ顣
ҪǿɫȷֻǿЦؼϢΪϵӽǣϤһء
ӢͰ߰ӵ˸ˣ˵пҪҵĵܵܣ־ˡ
ȼǸ˫̥磬ܺϣȷǲǸˬԼ˫̥ܵܡ
ҲĲУСĸѧɳдҵĸҲ֪ٷ˼İӡ
˽һҪǿ
ѾͷƣҲ׼ʲôطţҪȻȥţҪ˫̥ˣ϶ȥ㡣
ĿǰҲֻˡ
˵绰Ӣְڵ绰룬ûвɳĵ绰
ٵȵȣȼ̴Ѱ˵˫̥˵

̫Ѿ䵽ƽϣܿ첻ӰͷҲ
ĴִſڱɹĹ̵ʯϸŻ˺һᡣ
θִϵʱ򣬾Ѿ¿ˣģҪΪôÿСͬ־ҵܵܣԡԲڴƮСʱġ
´ˣھθмѣͬ־㣬㻹ˮһڡ
ӿ죬ôÿˣϡȱΪθ¡
̰ڰ֣ûıӣŲȵأѾöˡ
һᣬ˵ҽ⵺ɳ񾯣ȥҽ˽
˸һųƤǣܺһ㣬ҪҸһȥɣҲҵܵܡ
Ѱ˵飬Ǿܾˡ
ҽ㻹е£ҸдҸҽ㽻Ϣȥ㡣
˺ÿüһ𣬡Щ뵱ңһȥЧʻ᲻һ㣿
ü̲һʹӦˡ
Ǹ㶨еģæɲסǵ
Լİţ˵֪Ҷ֪ȥ㰲ȥдţҾȥ㡣
ÿ۾ģ۾ÿһɾĳˮ
ͦε˵лͬ־ҵ㡣
л˵
ۼС


42 
Ӣҵʱ, ռݷһһңڵд֡
ͷдд, ֲܲд
翪ѧУᣬĸܵĵĵˣҪ̨֣ǶȡģõĽˡ
֪Ѿд, ּ±ʹϣֵļûһͿĵĵط
֪Э̵, дһݳɲ
֪ϹϾܾ, ȻҺܸлңǴܽǸ޴ΪȫУһһ, ͲԵô, ҵļָ壬ʦ𣿡
Ǳ̨ʾ, дˮ׼ļ顣
̾, һȥ, Ա˲дء
ӢһѸҰѼдãĶˡ
ſհ׵ҵ, ҧűͷ, , ӦöԷȶ֣
Ӣĸ, Ϊʲô
ɣΪ¡
Ӣ죬ϣ̳˵㣬Ȼ֪Դͷǡ
Ϊʲôô֪ϡ
һѧУģʲôġ
Ҳ°ˣһͷӢѺϵд֣ѧУôģ
лŮʿΪ˰ɣ
ںʮ壬ȽˣƵĸУҲˣҲ
ӢϹֺˣлŮʿڵľ״̬ܸУ𣿡
˵лѾϼŴ˲˱棬岻ҪؾΪɣ׼ˣҪУ
˶ûилŮʿ
ڻǺ̲ס˵ϡ
СҲ̫ˣ༶ĸкΪһţװָУҲˣҪãţʦ飬ݽӵѧܲܰѼ໤Ȩһ£
ƽͬ𣿡
Ҫͬģ˵Сòãи쵼ŮһˣôɾͿƽԷҲиӣͲ̫Ҫݣںˣ˼Ҫߣƽ¿Ůһߣ׾Ҫˣˣ
ƽÿԵģȻҲ忡Ưĺӡ
Ӣɹܲ˱˼ңߣҪ徻ꡣ
ҲãеС
˭˵أϱӾͼʶˡ
ͦΪݼ̸ҵСﵣǣ̸ҲиһСҪŶҲ̸֪һʲô
ǰӢǲɵˣ˼˺ỻλ˼һЩ¡
һ뵽ǸδıСǸǺͲӲһɰĹû裬ֱͻȻ츸ĸĽ÷ְֵ߰۰Ӣе
ǲӲӣŮ˸ѹ߼ˣһ
ôȷǸͥ󣬾ͻ̸һأ
϶ϱѾһˣⱲѵıԸ񣿲á
ǻ𣬸ǼҵĺӲһѧУΪ㱻Ҫȥ̸ϦദǸС᲻Ӱ𣿡
ǿ϶ҪӰģӢҲ̾

ʱ򺫾ԶˣӢѣƶһ£Ǹڻû¶ãҲҹ˲Ŷԡ
³ɫζȫԶûԵӢķˡ
һĿڸȻǺѧУܣҪдֲûʱЦãѵһСͬĹ֪϶ģֻ۲˵䡣
ӢʺԶˣ·ûʲô£
ԶˣӢ֪ģ
·һ㳤мƵŮӣŤ˽ţҷһѡ
𣿡
ԶӢ԰θʶҡͷȻûС
ֲɵ°ȥʾȥүүĹİимӢĹؾ·ϣҲûй·ˣƫ
ԶйŹ֣·߿ˡ
Ӣû뵽Զˣܶһ֮ӶƵߣ̲סЦ˺һᣬ鶼ࡣ
Զ뻹ˣҪˣԽ˷š
ҵʱǹǴ˶ҵ֮һ֪ӽʲôĿģȳҳȥһ¡
Ӣò飬ǡ
ԶˣΪʲôô϶
ӢЦΪѽ
֪ˣֻԿۣܳӢǲӲӵСˣ
ԶͿˣӢãǹ˲ӲӵùùãⱲҵĺܣСһš
Ӣ͵Ǳãף޵һֵܣӲӰϰҪйùõġ
Ӣָ˵ԴأԿǲ̫ã˵ײѪС̱ȹù׶ˣҪӲӽС̡
֪ϲ˵Ҹ֮̽ҲԹҴ硣
Զ˶̫ˣûУ
֪ҡͷûУҴ˵ɣ˾
Զ˳ɷݡ
ӢЦˣԶ˵̱ץɳѵһ٣־ҪǸƬɳϰһѩǰܣƼ˹ѧ
ԣɹˣ
Ӣͷ̱ҵǸϽƬϵɡ
ֻӢû뵽̸Ӳõģϵһȥڶν
ԶͦɺϵģҲģΪʲôóмأ
ӢɺϰɣΪҸòЩƣЩݣΪҲ衢Ұֵ˽Ůء
ҥԴɶĶУ֤ӢǼġ
׼δҲ㣬Ӣ̰ʧôôأ㣬㡭ѽһûء
ӢкԶȥԺţκ깫ѧȫһ׸ߵΧǽסοڼꤣԺʳζֹסǽͷ
ǽ棬װý㣬ޱϲȷʵǰǸ㣬㲻ʧˡ
̹ȵĺܣֺõЦ̲סҫ㣬תˡ

֪ϣ𣿡
롣
֪ϴҴҰķˣ㣬ȥڽ̴عȥ
˲ӲཱུСӲӣС𣿡
˲ӲСѷǳ̹ϣҶ˻иС̡
ҲħǣС飬㣬ﻹסϰ𣿡
ӢкôߣȥҴһȥ
úԶȥƿ͡
Զûߣﻹнأ˵ҲˣĶɵģһɡ
ҲҿЦˣ㣬̽ˣҾʧƭҳˣ˵۹һҵĵڶνҲ൱ġ
Ӣƶҵ绰˵ǰһ˫̥еĸ磬ܵܵĶ𣿡
ͷһ˴ϵء
˵˴ԭ
ת죬иܵɳΪ̫ÿˣ̱Ҫ°ˣ˽Ӵ̨
˵ܵǹ¶ԺĹ¶ߣ󣬼ĸȥˣȥѰΨһˡ
֪ǲϬܵǡѰҵϵϣм档
дȵԼӣӵܵܵĵ绰˵Ҫϵ˽£ͻȥܵ
һֱ죬ûнӵܵκε绰ﵣģȥϽɳϣܰæϵһϵߵɳһ¡
ϵǳǶɳͬϵѰˡ
ǣıȽϻܣ˵Ĳд֪Ĳ࣬Ƕɳ֪飬̲֪ܵĵܵܣ漰һ˰

Ӣóֽĵ̸ǰ𣿡
۾ɴˣʧ㣬ǲܼܵġ
ôֻܵĵܵܣ
ܳһ񣬲ˣǱߡ
̽Ͱͣ㣬㣬ܵܵ
Ӣˣķ˴ˣĿǰΪֹûҵˡ
̾һ̫ˣоģϵװĽ˵ܵܵˡ
̾ɥĲУô˵أ
ʵʵ˵
ӢͿͣˣ˵ɣһ磬ȥɳҸһݱ¼
̰ſ򲻿ߣ㣬þûˣҹ̸𣿡
ӢҸĴһ˯𣿡
ԶѾ𽥺ˣƤܺһ᲻ʲôûģϱ϶Ӯ
СӲģǺͲӲӴ˳ȥ
Ȼ̺٣ҿڵϴ̣֤ű󴲡
ӢУҶģСӣҪӣСӣ㲻𣿡
̣ȫ෴õǿڣҲϲϲҲϣԽ㣬˵⻰̫ҵˡ
ӢǺһЦֽ͸˵ĻأϲͣܵܿǸݽɫдɣ·Ϻú룬ôһİ˵ܵܵ¡
̻ǱӢȥסдˡ
ԶǵӢãѵ̲ߵĹͷûҲɵ㣬㲻һã
Ӣѡ
Զֻù֪ȰȰ֪ϿŽ򣬶˼˵
̽ƽ¾ҪһһΣԼ˵ģÿˣ͸ϲÿ·ϲֲһҪһҲûҪ󣬸ÿԶһ
Զ
ʵҵñֵܽã׵𣿡
֪ϼѵĵͷҽһˣΪҽһﳤǨ˷أϣܸĸķˮ
𣿡̵ΪֹԶòЧ
֪˵ûˣҽ㼸ϵֵܽãҽٻ飬̸󶼱ⲻ˱˦߱غˣƹˤﲻˡ
Զ֪ϴιڣӢΪʲôһݶˡ
㲻Ը߶
԰֪˵ҽ˵ûһģ㻹أȥݡ
˯ʱӢкԶһɳܵܵܲ硣

һģ̽Ѱ׵ܴ˳ɳ
źϵһ޵𾪵Ϊǰľˡ
ӢֻǿЦ˭뵽š
ۿܵһ̣һڶһ̽񣬴ЩнܣһۣС֣㶨أ
С۱̺Ĺֲ˼ģǸ緹˲óˡ
ӢܴѯңС׼ü¼Ȼʼʡ
ͬ־ãм俪ʼܵйص鶼˵һ顣
Ҫ˵ô֮ǰ𣿡
Ҫ
Ǻðɡ
Ҵм俪ʼ͸ܵڸԺĸԺһСһ۾ͿңĸܵһߣĸҲرãӦˣҵܵܳȥˣһֱû
ĸ죬Ҫȥϰ࣬ʵû취ˣұֻ֤Ҫܻܵһ
Ӣһֱעϵ˵ιʱû˵ѣġ
ʵܵһֱûظԺ
ܵͷЩѹûأĸѹҲҸǰᣬңֲ֪Ӻ𡣡
һֱţĸȥһͻȻӵһ绰Է˵ҵܵܣԼм档
ұԺм¼ĸַģЩ길ĸûҲûңҵܵҵĻҵģڵ绰˵ܵһЩСʱֻ֪£ȷҵܵܣҺܿģԼʱ䣬е
Լʱ䣬ҵܵû˸绰д˵Ҫȥϵ£ܿͻҵ졣
˼죬ܵ˲Ҳûе绰żвõԤУֻȥдϽɳ
̵㣬ͬ־˵ϢѾ绰ȥǸԺĸĹλʵˣʵ
С
ӢˣܵǱӣһϵ׼ȼ죬Ȼϼң㣿
۵ƣ룬ûϢãŻʵҵܵܣ˺˱𣿡
Ӣ˵Ҵȥܺ˼ܵܵ˫̥Ҫһ¡

ܺϣ־ȻŵˣһײԱ
Ǿֵı飬ҪʣҲȷܸܵòϺѷֱ治ͬ
Ӣ־ȷˣڳķľһ
òζһ
־ѾӾƽµŲǵ˰̣˭Լ֣ᾪŵġ
ϸһ£ϸʲһҵĵܵĺܣ۾۾Ҳ˺ůҾӦòһװĿܸԵľһ˫̥ҲֽȻͬԸɡ
ӢúԶܣʣ㿴ˣвͬ𣿡
Զֻñµһ˫۾Į򶨣ոոһİ˵Ĳӣܺ޲ĸ˶ӡ
ܵ۾ͨ˽ӽˣġ
Զ̫ȷĻǲһģҴһۣ̬ܿжϣҿ˴ڰӵֱϣӻһ̺ۣһֱûġ
ܵ˫ָɾ𪣬ûκε˺ۡ
ǻȷ˫̥

ڵɵ㣬ܵܵΪʲôǡڴʱϵ磿
ΪʲôԼʱŸӣȥϵҴ˶ĵңŻĻ˲𣬷Ҫ
ܴܵܵʱӵʲô
ִˣϵ
Ӣöڿ϶ϵˣȴģҪϵ졣
Ӣʵܵ˽ϵ㣬ͬ־֪ͨ𣿡
ңҡ൱ΪѣĸǷطĺСҲں³ġ
ܵͷҲ֪
֮顣
Ȼ˽չҲܻܵܵûãɵˡ
ԶӳȥŲ飬ӢǸԸ°࣬ͬҲû˵ͬӢѾȼͷˡ

ֹ죬ԶӳǱ߻ûʲôջ϶Ӣ䷹
Ϊһתûõ񾯣Ѿ˫̥Ʋ汾ˡ
㣬᲻ѹûʲô˫̥ϸһʱʱǹԵݣϵбϵҵܵܣðԼƲ塣
ʼնֻһһǸ磬һǵܵܣʵǸɻǱҿˣ
ӢˣֻһˣֱܾͺãôһȦΪ˱¶Լ
ҲŶ
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Ӣ̫ƽû֯㲻ҪͷΣֻвУ
Ǻðɡ
̵㣬һܱϵֻҪܸܵϵһץ
ӢЦ㲻Ƕһץܵܣ
̴Ȼɫ壬վ壡
ѾڼҰ׳죬ӢܾܵܵûߣҲѡϵ棬ԣϽȥɡ
̵˵ٵһ죬ȲͻȥһǸ˵ܻܵ·ϸܽӴҸһߡ
ҲС

Ӣ֣üңԵһʱлˡ
лŮʿϾǺԶĳԶڼأӢҲ˵лŮʿš
лŮʿѧУΪӴܵ£Ӳ֪Ϻͺ֮ΪȫУͨ
ԼòΪɣѾȥУְˡ
л㿴˿⻶ֵһӣٶԱԼﲻζ
ǹˣӢԲԲŮ涼л벻ͨǷʲôü˼
ȥ쵼쵼ʺԶԶֻ˵ȡ
лǹӢģ벻ף¥£ץŮҲòҼСգ㣬ңʲôˡУҶȥ
˵ԭģԶ˵£Ӣ
ǻȥɣ˵ϱˣȥӣΪ˺ӺãͲҪϱӣģҪٽİת޵ϣʲô¡
лһ£ˣؾһסͨǸСһеıʹ
Ӣ񿴴ģһˮǵСȫˡ
Ҫӵʱ˵ͬݵĻ˵Ҫİת޵ϣܲˣ뽫ӽҸҲΪˡ
лѾ˸ӶϱͬסȻԴ뷨
ǺԹӢĺö
̲ԸˣýСȵ󣬼һģݲ۸
̫˵ʲô˷£ûط֣ȻҽˣŲһؾȫҲ׵һһΥ¶ûɰɣȻҶǼң
Ӣסẉ̂ˣһиС鷳Ҫ㰲һ㡣
ʲôС鷳
ӢԺͷ̧°ͣһļΪƯŮӣſڵл㣬ҵȴĹ֪Ϻͺ
֪ϸ磬磬׼ȥǣԺܾͼˡ
ˣźأ벻ףǰΪʲôݿ
۲ÿһӴݵˣϲʵһ㶼
֪Ҳе㷳Ҫˣ֪ϻò˵ãʵ㲻ֺκˣԼͿѽ
ԸѣȻѣԸ⣬ҲûҪֺãԲԣ
Сʵ֪ϸ磬Ըȥ֮󣬻Ըд𣿡
¹֪ϴӦҲ֪
Ͼֻ˹֪ϣûд˽ĿŹ֪ϸż
֪룬ǺͲӲӶϲݣǣ˵ᡣ
ҲԸΪˣǲӲ
ͨž˰ɣʵҲǺѵġ
ſǽͷϿ˺ð죬תͷӢɵƯҾϲǵܵˮԸ񡣡
Ӣקˣҵܵܣûϵ
̰Ըֲ̣ҷý㡣
ʱ򣬵һߵл㶼ȥˣ߹ߡ
Ÿ߹㣬㲻˰ɣ˾ôĶԽãԽںòģ޲ðĶʸ㣬߰ɣԺŻ㡣
ӢݾȻл㵱ţȥֶ֮һؼ룬̸ռҵϣҲݺɫġ
Զû뵽⻰ܴл˵ԴС˽¶ôԸĿģ
棬Сﲻˣõһܱȵġ
ӢĴ󲿷ˣݵĵһӡ󶼺ãԾĶ뱣
ֻΪܱѡ
̣ûݿ
ӢĶͷûհ
Ҷʮ˻ûĸΪ򵽲ѧ˭
֪ϣ

֪ʵĿ󣬡̽㣬ؼҰɣٲߣǼµѶҪԳ֧ˡ
̺ǺЦĳŴŽᣬϵô٣˸շĹʹСģȥ˰ɡ
һʹĴЦ֪ϣ˵ҿ٣֪˵ţʲôŭ޿κε̬˰ɡ

̻Ǿˣڶһ죬Ҳûϣˣ߶ϵĹܾܵûߣҲʱֵġ
˵ڶĴƱ׼뿪ϵ
Ӣز˵·ɱ㺣ΣԼɹģڵغôġ
˵ҾͲȥˣ·עⰲȫһܵܵܣǸĺĻǿԼСҪ
̴Ӧˣʵ㣬ؾ𣿡
ԶǱߵļڻûӢҲ֪ɣҾǻȥҲݣĶǶġ
̲ΪȻǼԶ׵ֵܽãԼ۾ô˵ˣҪǻȥһʱҡ
ӢûӦҲûؾɡ
ڶ죬Ӣճȥϰ࣬ԶӳûзϵŲ飬ϣܸܵܵϵ˿ҳ
ӢӴŵûȺڣӢҧ緹ҴҸۡ
СۣĵƬʲôʱϴ
ҸոܶϴƬˣھȥ
С°ѵƬϴˣǿɸΣ϶ᱻԶӺġ
µƬҪܹͷʦϴСֻÿ°࣬ݹԼѧôϴƬ
Ӣȥ֤﷿ǲСȥݡ
Сȥ˵ҵİӢȡ
һΣݵʱ򣬻ԶĽգڣ񾯣˰ӡ
Ӣе㶯ҡѡʱǲǴˡ
Ҫȶɵƺ̫̼ˣ˼궼ӣϰ࣬ҵͷϡ
Ӣ̾Ҫӽɡ
˹ٺԶܿġ

С۴ӰˣһƬӢһ뿪ݡ
һֻһƬǿյġ
С۽ϴõźոӢƬһ˺գʮ굽ʮˣܾ۾Цݡ
мλŮʿ毺ãѵһˡ
мλʮͷŮ紵һƣ¿ŵһ̣ϸ׵ָǡø޽ǵ鷢ϡ
Ц绨С۴ûôÿŮӡ
С۷Ƭÿ˵̬ʣ϶㿴ˣµĸ첲ⶼʵĺܣԶģǵϹУȻôĳ
˵껹ԼŶͷȫûƬǼһ
Ǵ˶ĵôôһŵƬܵĵܵܽңҸƬصӢ㣬ǶƬǲҪܣܵܵǰ֪ﻹһ©ĵƬ
ӢҲʾ˲⣬˵Ƭͷ˵
صڣͬ¿żˡ
߷һ߸ʬʱ죬жҪҵĵܵܣ绰ʬѾߣֱȥǹݰɡ
ӢС۶һۣҲ̫аˣϴƬ˵ͷܵܵܵʬ塣
ӢСȥͷȥúܽлǹݵǡ
ָԶ˸绰ҵˣѾںˣҲϰɡ


43 
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ߺܶһ¡
־ϸʮӺ, ŰȥӢͷȷʬǴˡ
Զ۲ϵ˰̣Խ˵ˡ
ԶӳǱҲ, ǰһ͵ɵ洬ڴûҲû˸ұֱ˵ʬϰ, ֡
ѹĲ, һ𣬡ң, ˵, ڵ绰ﾯһ㣬ֹϵ, ˵, ҡ
ȻȰ, ͣʬòӢź͸˿ʵĿ
ԶűֽܷܵƬСܷŽʿǮС
ʬʱ򣬴ڴҳ, ΪܷıȽϺ, Ƭûнˮ, Ա
ƬǸŮ, 黨ǰޱ鷢΢зΧĻȴ֣һСϪϴ֣ƺǱĶĻͷ
ǿյϤѣŮžͷ¶ů΢Ц
⴩͸Ҷϡϡµɫ⣬Ϫˮ⣬ŮӰ밵ٸ䡣
ϴɫҲͬĿǰκοʽľװǺɫͰľѥžͷЦ绨
СۿѳŮգŵɫ԰ס
ƬŮЦϤΪϴһţźգƬϵŮЦݸŵһ̬ȫͬһˡ
ȥ˶ĵңѵŮƬ
˶ŮҲ񰡣˶ռŮƬʲôأ
УȥˣƬϵŮʲôϵ
ϸıŮƬһںŶԡ
Сһ顣
ӢЩʵԶӣܿƬ𣿡
һʹܵܵ绰ûᵽŮйص£ϧûС
ӢóС۴ϴźգݸԽܱȶԡ
ҸСȥݣСϴģϵŮʬϷֵĵգȥͬһˡ
Ϊ𾪣ԽܶŮء
ôԴ˶ˣ񶼺ҪȻὫƬСı档
Զ㿴ʮ룬üɻѣŮϤ
ԽֺܺЦԴӼǰԶˣ˴Ժ֢ѾǲŮ˵
ŮٴοҲǲ֮ǰģ
Զ˵ԴȢϱϱֱܷҲ˲Թ
ԶӢģȷʵ˿ǳϱ֮⣬Ů˵ʱʱ
ӢæʺԶ
Զһ£ҡͷڶŮͬ־沿֪˵⣬ϤУʱصֺӡ󣬻֪ص˴ɡ
ӢʧΪʶҳ뽩֣ͬת
ԽܱϾǲμӹüս۵ģսҲμӹ
ƬϵĴֺŮϿľװɣƬڹĵģƬʱǻ᲻ھ⣬ûпǾĳӶ˽װŶأ
޴ӲˣĿǰľƣȥѶȱȽϴҲֻƲһ¡

ܳʱɫ԰׵ˣúõĵܾܵˣʬµΨһűƲڿڴƬ
ܵܵƬϵŮйϵ
ܱ˹ȣɳƣҵܵܵƬϵŮֱӻ߼ӵĹϵ𣿡
Զڰû֮ǰ˭¶ۡ
ҵ˵ʬ壬Ȼɵ㣬ǽ᰸ˡ
ܵܵϵƬд˶Ǹϴĺգϵ˭⼸ɵͷֻ֪ʲôʱܸܡ
Ӵ̫ûƵƬɵ㣬⿪ϣ

᰸ܵܵܵȥ𻯣ܴϵܵܵĹǻң˵ҪȥᵽĸԱߵĹѨȽȥˣһ˾žˡ
һӢ̺ȥͷͬ־ƬŮ鷳֪ͨһ𣿡
ӢεҾһС񾯣ⱲӶƬŮԵܵЩ귢ʲôкŮʲôϵǸû취
ܿЦֻ֪ǾãȻǳɳġ˵Ůء
Ӣ
תͷޱ̣˵϶̸ġ
̶ýӣֶɵ壬ܣĥߴ㣡
ܵܵˣ̾ҲûҪҽһ·˼Сʱִͷڻվ˸ĿĵصĻƱ
̻ؾܴܻܵϼǰᡣ
ܼ򣬡ߵʱҽ㻹˵һ˵ûԵ֣㡣
ллѹЦݻůġ
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æ˳ٿȥҪִſɬЦˡ
һ·ŵܵܵĹǻ̳ޱĸ˵Ӳλϣг˿ͺ棬ŵʲô
Ŀȥܶˣһܷ˵ܵܵ顣
̳ҵܵܡ
ܵĳ˿˲죬λĳ˿ͣŲ˵㣬ϲˡ
ܲͷųŴźЦ
Ƕ֪˲ſ£˵ģҲһҰˣ˺κˡ

ܵʣȿȥҪʵˣʮСʱӲ³ʱֱ˿ƣۡ
ȹʱŰѹǻСķŽĵ
˹һţ֮ϳǸˣߡ
ʱûпԷСֻ˫
ӢƬзӦ𣿡
ȻзӦ񾯶԰ӵķӦ
ô˵ǻɵĶ󣿡
ֻ֪ҹ۲쵽ʵǲǣԼжϡ
ܵѹ𣿡ʵ
ܵһûУô޴⣬Ҷûش㣬û³ˡ
⵹ûˣֻðű¶ΣգûԤеջò
ֲôҵҲҲţҪôؼأ
վˣʱûпˣֻһ䡣
һվ³ϵңϵǱߣǵĹңҪ֪ҿǲʶģƵҼſڲá

˼Ժſվ˳صĸµļ¥ھǶܺƣ¥¿ʱΧ˺һܵǱӳ󣬶һͬᡣ
ܰ˸úƵھǣ¥ſڡ
СܣҪڰ
ܵʲôʱᣬǵø˵һȥ͡
ллܴھǵĹػиܵůл
źбȡܵܵĹǻ̳ŵĸյ̨ϣ¯
˼ӣ½ǵĳҵˮտŽȥÿӽ裬ûʲô⿼ɣʲôûţɼꤵθɺ㡣
ʳĲҪ⿼ɣȷʵܺóԡ
һԹ⣬ˢ꣬ĬĬվؿ̨ǰڵܵܵĹǻǰվıֱ
һѶͷᴥǻ̳ϣҵ鲻һõһ㱨𡣡

Զˣʮ죬Ҳζ괺ڵʱ벻ˡ
үǱߣǿһһ꣬Խ϶Ҫؾꡣ
ӢҲʼ٣Ϊļôһӣǰٻؼҹ꣬ͬǶ⣬ļڹϾϵ뾩бȽԶ
Ӣ˵㹻ˣԶʮ٣Ҳûá
СհС˵뻻ͷ
Ӣ֮ǰȷʵй뷨ƽĹѾˡ
ư֮ǰû뵽ưôӣҸı뷨ˣûͷİӶҪӲͷƤϣȻ˭ܺһأ
ͺãʵû׸ɵĹֻϲϲ㿴ΧãһƷȥѽ㹤һֱܺϸģҪԷƱ
ӢЦǵϸɡ

䣬Ҫȥ꣬·Ҫϣ֮ǰ˶ھоסļ·еġ
Ӣë´´ӵóԽԽ䣬·Ҫ·
ĺëӣֻŮʿӢԶսǻᣬĹķ۵ġĽεӣӢҲ˳
Զ˷ۺɫĵĺܡ
ǱǸ㲻ΪȢϱûкҪЩĶµ¡
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Ӣһƥ۵һƥǳģǺͲӲϲĸɫ
Сʵɫϲ˲Ӳϲɫġ
ӢǳĶȥֻ˷ۺģߣøȥ
ʱ϶˷һ·һˣһģһװСףϹϥĺëȹӣ¹˳ɷĺɫƤСƤѥ
Ǹһģһ˫黨裬Сһߡ
ЦԶԶţ˫̥
˫̥ӢĪ뵽ܣһ˫̥һͺܶܣϼǣⱲӿܶټˣ̫ˡ

϶Ҳ뵽˼٣һұӢһңһ
Ӣʹ֪ϣ׼ôꣿ
һԸնðײ˺ĺԶͷϱһۡ
Ӣװû̽ѰĿ⡣
̨֪ջ𣬲֪ؾ꣬ΪʲôҪը±ˣ˭أ
˵ڵλֵ࣬мҵĶˡ
Զ־Լ̫СۣϾһԲĸӶߣЯҴڻؾүݣ˳ɷֻܹµڵλֵࡣ
ֵͷĶڡ
ӢըЩײӡܲӡ±Щ󳦡ͷ⣬Щ׸⡢ͷй֪ȥ˳ɷһݹȥ
ϲģ׸ͷ͹ȥ׸Ҹѧġ
ϡ֪ϿĲѣһȥء
ֻ껹֪Ե׸ʱĸж𾪡
ԶĬĬͷӢһͷ⣬ϲ±ˣ±ĺóԣͷĺóԣ
Զϲϲãһ㡣
Ȼĺóԡ
Ӣһ±˺õ׸⡢ͷ·ϳԣʣһݣȥɩӼҡ
ĹŮϼҹĸž۹꣬ʮˣƯƯľӢϵתͷسڳĿ룬Ӣװӡ
ڶ죬һֶɣȫص·ѣȫһؾһˣȻҪüµѡ
·Ҳ̫ˣҾϸü£ʡǮ·ѡ
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Ӣ˵ǿ̫үүбҪ߶

ֶת𳵣Ӣ̳ᣬżϲȥ
Զƣ˵ȥͳԷȥͳԵȵİɡ
ӢɩӼҸóԼ±ˣȥͳȰɣԸ٣һ˴ڣ·ȷʵ֧ˡ
Զ˵Ҳһٷ
ɲͬ⣬Ǯǲ仨˵ģ±Ѿܺˣǣ֪ȥͳȷȥˡ
ԶʣӢǲ³鷳⣿
Ӣͷǰһ²һ£ȥǣڰ￴
ʵϣһ·Ϻ˳һֱ˼ﶼûг⡣
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Զ֪ΛJãӢԲĸŶΛJ綼ܶͶ㡣
ԺԶί˵ýӣһˣҲ£ǿؼҡ
ΛJʧˣʺԶܴܲϱȥҳԶٷ
ҺɩӼңҡ
ԶҲΪѣҸһ°ɣϣҼܻᰤϱİۡ
һ·ϺԶûҵʵĻᣬһֱңүڴԺſڣүӴɽװž£ͷϵѩվ˵һˡ
ѩϹʱģѩӢôǵһοѩ̫ˡ
һʱ俴Щʧ񣬺ԶӢϲı飬ͷЦӦ´󣬵ſѩźÿء
Ӣͦģ˻ǿѩֵˡ
̫үүǣŹ˲Ӳӵ֣˵ɽ
Χ̫үүתһȦϲ̵ĵ̫үүϻؽҸղһˣ㶼ûлεĺˣҼǰĽ̫үүˡ
ɽõԭ򣬷ڳԵ˯㣬Ҫ˵ȼǰǲЩǱ֮ǰԴ״̬öˡ
ҽһʼڣүӾãܰ˵ܰٸء
ߣߣؼ˵

ںر֣ٵʱСˣڵʱֶ˼ҶϲֵģĸСϱ㺫͸ż٣ﻹ߿ء
֣õŮʿڼ壬ɷҲżˣĥŶô
õ֮ǰɥżӣݶ࣬һ꣬Ǻġ
ؼԲӣõеܲˣԶˣôҲңô˵Ǻ̡
û취㲻ϱ£Ҳʮٵǰһߣһ׵ġ
ٻ鶼˵һѵ֮𣿡
޿κΣһλҲû˼նֱӷٻ鲻飬Ҳпԭ
õҲûϱô
̾ϱķۺɫëӵʱûؾɣô䣬ҪǰĵӲüѣݼһߣҲǶ飬ҿϹҲҵס
õ
һ³ţȥ϶һ˵һʲôȥ
ӣȥȥ
Ȼĸү£Ҳȥ㶼ڼңҽ϶ˣȥңɾ϶ҳԷˡ
õɷĳԷ
ҿӣģɽòǰϱš
õСӣ⼸һΣķһΡ
ϻظڶζϱķɫëӣӾʮٵǰһ뾩ϯ磬Ŀǰʱƽ˾
õŮʿûϱҲӰиʶ꣬үΧ塣
ŮۼүӿˣΧߴߴϹ⣬У岻ӣİ
ֵľõȣҪȥͺˡ
õ´ĲƬ͸ʳӷ׷̧ͷк
ֻй֪ϲ֪ôүӲ̲й֪ϸϽ壬ûѪԵϵú
֪æͷȥ
õϰүӶĿ̱
ȵİѺ̵Ĺӣ벻̣
Ƿ˸ۣŮ̴ûжй
ãҪȻ˿ħצµģͶһˣóһ˳ܺˡ
˳̣ҶʮˣܲܲҪҵСӣ
ʮҲ̵ӣ̵ﻹôСôɰġ
˵ɣҪȥˡ
õ㣬أ
¥˯ء
˯
ǵ·˯һôԷʱȻẰ̫үүû˵ʲôء
ɽĺãǣ̫ˣҪúϢġ
֪ϣ˿үүŶڼ
õܳſڣв⿣Ժ̴ûԹֺТ˳ķˣû뵽ӵĸ˵ôܲ㡣
İĢƬװ̣ཷ˿ȥ
˵̣̫үүԼõģˣԻӣڼ޳Էһ٣Ǻǣҿ̫үү㡣
ȥ̼ҡ
ҡͷǲУǻҵģһݣǶҡ
費Ƕ𣿡
û
̲סˣʣ̲ö£ض
õı仯ǰӴάǰͷǸ
ʵأȥˣ
ûѽ¥˯
õ
ʱ򣬺Сѣ˲ӲСѻϸķۺɫСװ¥ŮʿǰתһȦ
̣㿴ɫÿɣҪȥ͵ĻҾʹ׹ȥ
õ͸ӢķɫӣӢȻ·
Ҫ֪ˣ˵ĶӵСϱ
βѣвУ
ͷ޹Ϊʲôѽⲻ̼ĸǵΪʲôôأ
õŮʿߵʱ򣬱ĲڳѪˡ
Щ̣ǣʵͦõġ
ǰѷɫСˣһӣǶԸãԶҶôãߣҪТ˳ԼТ˳ȥʱٸҸϱ㡣


Ӣһʼ˯ģȻ̣˯ãҾͷ֪үүǾԲ˵ûҽ̣˵˾˯˾ͳԣ͵ԼңҪԼﵱˡ
Ӣߵһѣȥߣ.Ҫˣſڿأ治ȥ
Զڴ߸Ӣ٣ͷû̧ӣֲҵġ
Ӣѻůı̫ˣѩ˯
ǺҪʼըһЩˣ˶࣬Ӣ౸ЩӡѼ⣬Ÿ춼ỵ
ڶʮûСӶ֣³һٷʢҹ
ԶǲӲӳȥ̻֪ëֺãԼдүӿĲ˼ˡ
ҹʼ֮ǰ˵绰ףӢ϶Ҵ
ڵ绰ͷЦ˵ɩˣֻͣŮڼңλ֮ǰ߲١
ػһҲپʲôƫĲƫĵˣԼҪ
ǹ£Ҳòôˣܳһͳһ죬϶̫ɵˣ׼ߣɵӱҼҸռ˱ˡ
շµ绰ĵ绰ҲˣӢȥҡ
˵겻ˣҰ趼ء
Ӣ˵Ҫȥ̺ߣȥҡ
֮ΛJҲ˵绰ӵ绰ĺҪѵ绰ӢӢæҡͷʾӣ˵˯ˡ
˿㣬ˣʮ˭ߵ㲻˯
Զȥѵ绰ӺӹΛJ˵˼䣬֮ҵˡ
ӢѹûʶΛJ˵ʲô̻߽ţӳȥ̻ȥˣøڵСҲ룬Ӣ󷽰ϺԶӣ̻࣬ӢͷָС
ëѩӢӣһСӣڻЦ̻
ɽԶվ£үӺöûֵˣһһٶû˵¾ⷱá

һݣʮûĲ˻࣬һķˡ
ȥӢߵݣΪ̫࣬Ͷ̼žۡ
Һ̼ǸԺӣȻôݶվء
ߴð˴̣ñãӢͳͳ˵ʧ˲ʶӢߵݣֱףӢΧм䣬˴Сϸڡ
ӢһĿǰֻһ˽齨˼ͥĻأӢĵݵڻ𣬶еԼϡ
ñС꣬ĸˣأ㵹Ǹ.Ҹϱ
ӢĶ̷̣ӢֵܣЩԶһ˲ţ۾ﶼĽᡣ
̣Ҳѧѧ㣬ҸģֻҪƷȥ.Ҷˣ㵹Ұ
һֱзӢڼɹԺԹӻԵİ뱥ˡ
ԶӢߵͦõģų֣ʵرŽᡣ
Զı˶ѼһȦ˵ӢһСϰӣȫӢ
ͦõġԶﶼЩĽ
Ӣã̫ˣȳ˷ߣ˵ҪݣȻ³
УԼˣ
Ӣҡͷȥ⣬ǻȥ˯
ԶϺ˺졣
һûܹ廹죬ǲǺöûˣҶʮˡ
֪ܹ˵㣬ĺôƶƲô죿
ӢҪƣҪǱҪ
ǾͱˣǵľţծԺҵû
ʵڱ߶Կۣɶѽ֪ϽˣҶһ޵ĵ
˵ţµĹʼӽ𣬰ĸĸӡ
Ӣ̣ɨѸһ£ģ˵ɶʵءǹĸ𣿡
֣Ӣʵ˼̻

ʣͬ־𣿡
ŰݷõҲУſλῡεˣռҲʶⲢ̵顣
ѽСӣǼ𣬰ǰû㣬ʲôϵѽʲôʱʶģסĶôڲء
ܹˣھг˸ʶŸµͬ£û߶ˣ˴̼ݷá
ߵģκռҵĳмܲסҪз
̣ʵģһ߰ɡ
㲻ʶӢʲôʵģȥ˫
̸̣ӢСֹ㣬˵ܳҼʲô˼
ӢѼ߶㲻Ϊİɣ
̺ǺЦӳ˲Żô룬ҾǺĲѧãҸõĵŮҼҳԾ
Ӣḻҿ.軹ͦġ
Էʱرнʲôʲô
ӢԽԽϲĸˣ̾Ϣ̫ˣûиһת
һ죬ĸûء
ϣҿ㲻󣬱żͷ̰ܸõģˣˣ
ʮꡣ
һ£Ůש
ĸ˵ʲôܲͷʵ
ûûʲô
ӵһţʾſмצӣġ

緹ǣ˵绹Ҫȥͬ¼ݷá
òֺãҲ޸ĸֱǵŮĲѡ
ᣬסͣǼȻǺѣԺ
ӢûϺԶҲҪߣ̣绹мҪأ˰
ƺӢ䣬ϧӢûᣬĸˡ
ؼҺӢ˯˸˯Ѻ˸绰˵ȥ档
Զȥ˯һСʱ磬˯ˣ
Ӣװĵӣ˯ţȥ˵˵
Ҫȥ𣿡
Ӣҡͷ׻һˣүүʱͻˡ
Уǵ

ռңռҰҲַ߽ȥˡ
ǽӵ绰ڼҵӢռ͸Ӣ˵ղŴϢ
ѧҽվǰһͬѧͬ£Ұڻ£Ǹйأ
ӢҧŴԥһ£Ψһ֪ģֻæ
˵һиͬҲˣܵϣҪȥ֤һ£ҲúԶ֪
ףҲù˳ɷ֪һϡ
Χñӣѥӣ˵Ǹվͬѧҵķӣһ㱻ײҾ˵ȥͬѧġ
л˵
С


44 
̼һ, ûطȥķ˯һ
ͬͦõģѼСԺӵĶڿһ, 
ͬҲܺãţһ̰õӹ
ײڵģԹһΣˮóԶ, մϴףǾ˼ζ
ôůĵĵΣ
С, ˮ桢ͷˮҲǸ, ԺӸӣҪǾò˼, 
ллӡЦرů, Ӵϲ
ɶ, ڻŰ, ұֶŮһһҪ, ֮ǰ˵ģйƯһѽ, Ҳ, ô, ӼҳԷɡ
ܵеվ, Ըܶģﲻ
βסˣҡͷܾˣӣȥҵܵܡ
ܵĵܵˣҪȥĹ
̾Ҷ⣬Ҳǿģչ
ȥɣԼ½ӳԡ
ţллӡ
гȥ˽ĹĹջǰѵܴܵߡ
ӢӺɽһǰһߣĹϵգǰһģһԼĺڰƬġ
ĬĬվ˼ӣſڵѵܵΪʲô
ɽ·ϣܲһ·߲֪ҰŵĹǰ͵ԺߵģͰѵܴܵģԼҪôġ
ӢͷޱжαװʵԸɣ
ʵܵôأ洬籩𣿡
תͷЦŷϣǣ֮ǰˣҿԸѽ
͸¶Σգ˵ܵΣա
ӢҲЦҲ
ܱ֮Ĵ𰸸ҭ˻ȥʣ֪㵥ʲô
ӢиĹͬܣֻһЩСʾܲµԷͷŵԼźš
ȥ̼ӢҪġ
ǰÿĩĹܵܣųĹؼˣǸѵ徲̫ɽˣһ˶
ӢȻˣȻܣ
ܷʣԼΪʲô
Ӣֱ۾㣬һԶһ㡣
ӢΪЩԭס񣬾
˺ЦЦֲ֧ЦһᣬӢޱ飬ܲЦˣü
ߴˣ᲻øӢһʼںԭסİΣ
̫˼ˡ
̽ʵΪʲôҪһԶ㣿˶飬һģƾʲô׷Ҹһͦõģͬ־ϿɰΪʲô׷أ
ӢͻȻѣҲѹû㣬ס˲ӡ
ҲôģѭĹ⣬ߵǽģһӣһ˫ˣͲҪȥá
ҲôǣûţǶˣ˵ôأ
Ӣ֪Ļ٣ҪҪŪŪ鷳
鷳϶еģҪܰļ
УΧ֮㲻þҪɸɵˡ
ƺӢĨļ䣬һģ㣬Ӣ㣬л𶯴֡

Ӣԥĵڣͱ˴ˡ
ʲôˣܹĹܶŹ𣿡
Ӣͱסܣͬʱ󷽡
ܿ¶ִ߲еװֱԭһˣϰΣˣȳȥġ
˿̾ͺΣգַӻᱻĨȥ䡣
æȣͬ־
λͬ־ȴûжǳĿӢòãλʶӢƶܲ
Ӣû뵽磬ڽĹĹΛJ
ԣĹʲôأ
ΛJһˣǼһǸТӣ⼸пܻĹݵ裬ֵء
Ĺ׸ˣҲԼãߵ˲ǺԶ
ƣ˷Щ£Ҫûʱ˾ʹˣҺʣûӮ
ΛJʲôأ
ӢȻش𣺡ˣ.åӲˡ
ܶˣ.åĶ֪¹ûе֣һж.åصҪ̵ġ
ֱ˼飬ӢôĺһĽ鶼̫ˡ
ܼæ⣬ͬ־㲻Űɣ㿴ĹϸͬһƬҵܷܵĹǰˣ.å
ΛJŭĳȭûһӳϷ.åҽڽƱ硭

ܰᣬȻӢֹ˵ڶȭҲ˳˸ڽˣǺˣ.åǺǣӢܵģ˭ܶˣ.å
һҧ
ΛJղǳ嶯ˣɥʧǣ˵۸ˣĸĻء
ӢҲû뵽ΛJӳʧǣͶ֣Ѿˣ˸ɽ͹ȥ
ûйĿ󣬡磬ڹĹǵ£ܲܲҪԶ˵
һԺǺЦͿ£ɷ
ΛJɨһۣ̱졣
ΛJ˵ҲǸ㷸ȻпԣҾ͵û
ܣûԭ򰡡
Ӣмлл硣
ΛJɬȻˣֻΪܶѣû׵˼
Ǻ찡
ΛJ̲סʵ׼ߣ
Զֻʮ٣ǳҪȥġ
ΛJʵɩҲ㣬֮ǰʱ䣬ȥҼҳԶٷɣ֤㲻š
ӢץץͷΛJӦĹܣ˼ֻԶٷʱپܾﶼ˼ˡ
ӦˣҪȥңɣ𣿡
ΛJЦУǳһҪҸɩӳĶȥڼҵ

ܸӢһɽģ°ϻˣΛJʧµһȭأӢܰˣûȥھӣý͡
簡ܷߺ޵ʵٵİɣǲǿŮģɥʧǵİ㣿
Ӣ˵ãߵ˻ǺظģҰɣҪڣҪץˡ
ܣ˸ͦõġ
Ӣû֨
ɽµʱԶԶиŮڹĹεĵطµǵӢġ
ǻʱص㣬úİɡ
Ӣ붼ûܾҲܣʲôԣǱҺҵļˡ
Ҳļˣ
㡣
ӵļˣƬˣȻ档
˵Ӣ㣬ĵ͵ҲţƬûʵģ
ûС
һûžҵۿҪ߳Ĺ԰ˣŵаɣҪǸıҡ

ӭӢָǰǸ˵ıӰǾͬǲѣ
ӢҡҡͷѶˣûǾ𿿽ҵļˡ
﷢ӢһǾ˿µ飬Ż˵Ƕˡ
ǵߵ磬ӢɼԼԭԵʱ򣬻ѡȨ
ûˣ룬Ҿѣһ˹¹µģ¶û
֮󣬽ıӢĸ첲ᶨ˵ӢʲôʱҶվߡ
Ӣͦжģߵ̫׽ˣ΢һ㣬Ҫһӵѡ
Ҳ
ؼңռҰ趼ѾؼˣӢ飬Զˣ˵ǽأ˻ûȵȥˡ
վſ˵˾ﻰԶͦõģҾʲôʱһˣԸ˵
Ӣԥһ£ɡ

ҳӢ˻ؼҵĹӦûܸϵüؼҳ
˹ԶڳվѩȻͣˣ滹Ǻģܹȥ䣬ڼҵҺѽ
Զ˫ģãֲ
ԺߣԶ˵ȥѼңʱȥղңģ㶼ûȥĶˣ
Ӣ˹䣬ˣ˶ΛJֺãȥԶٷҶȥˣҪȥɡ
ôˣ
ӢŲ鷳Ͼ˶ΛJظСܣ˼ֻȥԸС飬ʹӦˡ
԰ˣԺҪʲôúһ˵ҾˡӢЦ
Զһ𣿡
ġ

ģɷڼ³СҪүͺӻ
˵СȻû棬Ҳ˲Сӵ¼úͦ
ñǰǸСӺá
ǱߣʵڲԸˣҲ֪ô£֪Сӵݺ󣬶û׵Ĵ㣬ȥ̽ӹζγġ
ĺҲѹСɷ򶼲Ը
ٴθɷǿ첻ͻȻλ߼Ӱ˰ɣ
ΛJԲᣬҸ쵼ͬ´кˣҪµӣҶܵġ
Ǳ߲Ұɣ
ΛJ˵ҸִԤˣҾ͵Ǳ븸ӹϵ
˵
Цɷǻȥˡ
ΛJǿ⣬ôǲǰؼңһܳվȥ˰ɣ
ӢͺԶܸɵĳ¡
ϻغԶʮ٣Զǰһʹϱͺӻϵûгϯ磬ҪҲ޿κΡ
ҾòᣬСԸǸ˵ģӦһڲʮ࣬ٵȰСʱ𼱡

СʱӢԶˣĸӶˡ
˾ˡ衣˲ӲӺͺǣ˼ˡ
֪ϰձ֣һиɩӡ
μұʹС죬϶γĻǰڸŲӲӵı֣о˾˺;衣
ΛJסһһӵλֵķӣ֮ǰԼ÷ֵһøʢ
ȻֻһңȽϴ󣬰˸˼һҲΧ¡
ΛJظˣźԶȾƺȸˣ緹ûΛJͱԶȥˡ
Цɷ򰾽ãȥҼңСôȰƣһûȣˡ
Ӣźһʰ˵Ůʿǰִɩˣ
֮ûвԵģͬ־ΛJҼëƤС¶רӢ벻֪ѡ
һ٣ͦѹģֽⷢӣ˵¡
꣬һֱûùҶʮˣҲûӣôŷѾˡ
ӢΪȻɩԼ£߶ɩԼ𣿡
Լƽ̹СкŮһһģϧôҽҽЩӶû
ӢʵҸʲô
˵ΛJϸҸЦ
ǸˣôûԹһ䣬˵˵˵⣬ɼˣûģȰң˵Ҳģȥ˶˭Ҳ˭
Ǻͬ⣬ɷǵ룬˵ء
ӢɩӣҴС⹫ҰѧҽģҰҰ˼ӣҪ£ԡ
ʲôµģ˾ɲС˻ء
Ӣȥңţֻǻӣܲ̽һ£еʣĲܻС
ܰ赼һ£Ӣд˸ӽȳ԰£ͣҩ£ܼƻҪӵ¡
ɩ̬ƽͣʱԽԽУأҸ繤æɩҪӣҪӣ˻еǼ죬Ҹڼ
Ѿˣ˵СƤ̵ˣС㣬رм
ɩӿǣʵûмǺ޸İɣ
ɷ˸Ҳɷһ¡

ΛJڴСһҳţ㱻һλͻȻ̫̫ײҿӢһѡ
̫̫ɲסһͷˤӲƿڴ˵Ҫ
ΛJúӡ
ԹҪΛJӡ
Ӣüɩô£Ҹץʲô˰ɣ
뵽СʧˣǵЩ߰¶£ߣ̫̫
һֱȥ·ϣ֪ϲŽͣ㣬Ǹ̵Ķϱ˵ǳ˰ְֿҩģְֱҽݿûþգһӡû𣿡
֪ǾԲŰְֵҩҽˡ
ϱһҽſ֣ҽҲû취ͽ۰ֻؼϢ
Զ֪˵ˣɴȫӢ
ΛJ֪֮󣬴һҲҩˣǼҽթҪǮһʱҲ֤ݣͶ̫̫һҡ
һҹȻһˣʲôö̫̫Ṵ̊۹ΛJֱӱλ̣̫̫硣
Ӣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôãϲõԽ࣬˼ɵĶԽࡣ
뵽鷳£ƬԾߵ˶аȫ
һӢ˵ȥĸǶţֻһȥ
ԶӢһȥĹҪһ𣬡һʵڲģɽµɡ
ҲС

֮Ӣ˸绰˵ȥĹĸ
Զңɽ£㣬һ˽ܣ컹ȥȥܵܡ
ˣӢ£Ҫ
񣬡ãȥʣģ֪Ҿ˵ȥͬѧ
֮ǰһֱ缸Сӣռ۰ŮСѧУÿһ׶εǸʲôġ
жǴˣ༶ͬѧܺãһֱչ⣬˸У㣬ͬѧſڽһѧѧ
ȥͬѧңǸҪõ飬ļԭµĺܶõͬѧ顣
ָ̺λͬѧ裬ҪҲͦãĴϹ˶û˼ǱȽҪõͬѧ
ţͬѧһҷҪԷܣûƴǣԷ֮ǰ˸ᣬܴ
Ӣ˵ȥĹǱ߿ĸȥȥһˡ
һǿ򶨵ĵͷ
ĺãҲܰӢˡ
ţ쵽ſڵʱ䲻ת㲵ˣ꣬۾ȫǺѪ˿һ̻ᵹȥ
һ˳ɷ磬ôˣ

ΪҪߣ˺üݣƶƲı˼ԵģߵӢҪߣҵȥҰ衣
ıˣŮϣĹ壬Ͳ£
ӢȥҰʲôµġ
ӢǵһȥĹȰ˼û¡
̣ڰҹʱȥĹҹһΡ
ⶼ¡
ԶϱẦ£أ翴裬ʱüġ
ӢԶҪ¹Ŷ
ԶУȥ
Ը£ĸͻؼңԶ»ûг˳ϱȥĹϵļĸ
ɽ£ӢɼֶɽֻöСʱҪûҾȥ㡣
Ӣ˵ɽСʱɽСʱһСʱù𣿡
ԶжٻһСʱ˵ģ
Ӣ겻һѽҶ˵ôˣСʱɣڰ˵㣬ʮһǰ϶
Զεĺܣϵɽྣֻϱɵĳ
аɣ㣬עⰲȫ
ӢЦȫģҪ¼Ҳ㲻
ԶԽ˵Խףڰ˵֣˷Ӹ۵ʱˡ
ӢƶˣϽɽŲܿ죬ϣܰӸһ

ںɪɪһ磬Ӣɫ´жŭԡ
Ӣ㣬˼ܲеʱ㿴ڼˣзûԣС壬һ׼Ҫ
Ǹ˶̫ˣԸȻûıħצ߲ʲôҸܣ֤첻\'
Ӣס֣ܵǣǺ£ûܣȷʵ
ͦǸ⣬˲ܸܵ£˵㣬жЩ
ӢԶɽµأʮҾ͵ɽʮһˣȻǻץʱ佻Ϣɡ
ܵͷӢҪཻͬϢġ
˵֮Ҳһʷ飬ʮǰǹ䣬Ǹ٣Ҳһ꣬һţʵǸʱܹͨܵ
Ǳߵ˲ܾþ磬ʱȥͻᱩУ磬Ҳûãֻܻȥ
ǿͨʱͨʣȱľʳˮߣϡȱˣһҩĶǶ鵤ҩʩչһܣǾ͵񼣣ǻר˸壬ʳʵ⡣
һʮ꣬ϰļ壬ʱͨʮʱ䣬ӵĻرݣֱǰǸͨͻȻʧЧˡ
Ҳ޿κε£û˾ûˣͻȻһ죬ںϣ·ֻܲʳˮ
Ǿ˵Żڣֻǻ˸طһ˵ʹš
˭ţ˭пܷչһǿĻأϰļѡ˼ѡˣ¹˭ܰŶ˭һμ̳ˡ
ϰأҵǸʱͨСӣֻ̽ͨżһδصʣ಻һڿӼÿߣϰ嶼ˡ
û˵ǣҲӼùԹζһš
óһźգƬСӣŮˡ
Ƭʹ˶ϴͬһš
ܽƬݸӢСӣ߸ˣϰץˣ꣬̿꣬Ůܾ֮ģȴûһ˵ŵڵء
ϰŵֻҪ˵ŵڵأڻҪʲôʲôԸ˵벻ףѵǸţǵҪ𣿡
ӢҲڴᡢᡣ
ΪǸžңʱյģҵܣҵļ˰ػĲŵܣҵܡ
ֵ̧ܾͷöһ˲ˡ
˵Сӣڻػǽϱ޿ɵģֻ֪ļ˲²ǸŮӣ᲻Ϊϰ壬԰СӳԱȫˡ
ȴġ
ʱյӢͬΪػûһ˵һӲͷ
ܼѵʵǳ޳İɣ
ӢͷƮĲԼǰҪѽȻΪҴڻزܣŶĸϰΪʲô
ܣӢ˺ϣǸмЦòõŮ
̾ݣұȲ㡣
л˵
Ůûиߣֻиߣڻ֣ЩһʼͶˣ


45 
Ⱥƻ
ҲǼƻﱻеһ
ʱصʵƿ, ˺üСкŮȥӽǸӶСֶӣڲ, ͼŵ̽
ֻϰɹӮСӵΣܵҲ̫ϰûİϹƬϵŮǸӢ
ܸӢ²⣬Ϊϰ嵱ʱӢ, ܵܵӰ죬޳֮󣬷Լ硣
ĿǰΪֹ, ֻҺϰ, 㴩ˣʱڻصĳͨ޳ӿʱ, Ҳȷʵֻ
Ӣϰȷʵ, ľ屻ˡ
ҲǺ£뵽ӦǸ˵, Ǽѵ˳, , Ĩҵľ壬廹ԭ𣿡
ӢҡҡͷĵһҾͲˣԭѾ, ôʱ, ľ廹, Ҳز, 壬ֻá
ʱľ壬ҪҲиʱ伫ޡ
һʱҵ࣬ҲΣҾİõţˡ

˵ڻи伬ֵ顣
ϰļ壬ߵһ壬Ҳʮˣǲ֧һ֧ڼǰĶҳܵ⣬Ŀǰڹͦõģǵļ˺صĲշתϵϹڵѪףҪһЩҩ
֧ļ֪.ˣȻܲмǱԼ
һҪԭǴǰʼͻȻʧȥԴǱߵϢҲûЧҩ
Ƿǳ£ʧȥԴĻᡣ
ӢĪʵʲôԴǸԴɣ
Ǹ߲ܾôͬģˣȥһҲȥ
ϰļ壬ôǵģ
ܵôƣǸ紵˼ɾó¡
Ӣò˼飬ô׾ӵĻҲţ
ܿӢһѾӢ㣬ҪǵʼʱǸʲôǡϰʧӹ񣬾һֱи֮˵Ļӡ
ʱͻȻ˼ˣӵбûе˼ôأ
ڳȥܾһˣɽģŲš
Ӣаɣ˵˵ǸƬô£
ƬΪ㡣
ܵϰ屻Ūʧ֮ǰ߷֧ĸ˷ָ˵ͨԴϣֻҪҵƬϵˣǾͨţԴ
һֱʮǸ磬ֻҪҵ㣬Ϳȥһ
.ʵ̫ˣʮ䣬ԺķʽһµĴ֣ر˫̥һϣһڰڳ֤ݡ
ǰͦʹģʮƶԽԽƣŶҪ֤סҪţܶͲˡ
Ϊȥǵ翴һۣԸգͨϰ屻Ūʧǰǵƶһļƻ
ҵܴܵ͵Ƭŵ˶Ǹ̽㡣
ҵܱܵǺ²鵽Լϣҵܾܵͳӣ֮ҪãĿڴٷһƬȻ̽û뵽ӢĶôãȻûϵ

˫̥Ƿֿģһֱƻʼʱ֪ܲ壬иܵܡ
ܱܵµԼˣ͵͵һ绰Ҫ취뿪ƿõ
ǵõܵڵ绰˵ɾǷɣ磬ɱˣûлͷ·ˣ㻹ԣѲǣӳȥЩҸ˵㶫㰲ȹһˡ
ܻ˵ʲô绰͹Ҷˡ
ֱô˫̥ܵܣʮһֱǸɾĸš
һϣΪʲôأͬ˫̥ܵܵģû滻Ҫͨ˵
Щܵ˴ûиܵĶ
Ҵǰ׳һʼҵܴܵңȥҵܵûͬ⣬벻ףܻȥôôɵ
Щܱܵöˣǵܵȴȥ
ܵܵԸҲûʵ֣оӼǰͻһˡ

ӢҲͦģһܵܵûץҲ̣øĸɸɾ̬Ӣ⡣
ʣô
簲ȵҪѺܵܵ֯𣬻ðԼժ
Щ£һںˣһ⣬֪һЩټٵܣץ֮ȫҲýܵ飬ҾţӢܲǱץ֮ǰؼĨ
±͸Ӣйأܰõ˵ЩʱɫһֱϣеҪǯơ
һ£֪˲࣬ѾǸ֧֪ҲͷĿ
ʱܲţڵģܸȻӢĨȥؼ䡣

Ӣֱ˿СʱԶɽ¹ƿȷˡ
Уҵɽˣһǰһ̫ԶҰҹڹĹ˽ˣͲ塣
鶨˴£Ҳ죬ЦʣǲǴ̳𣬻ͷҪϵƵˣʲô뷨ɣ
Ӣ㻹йЩ߰ģô֪֯.˶ҳɣˣһˣûܣȥ·עȫ
ЩжûйˣӢôȥ
Ӣ˵ﳵģҲﳵȥ
һ޿ӣȣûﳵûйˣ߻ȥúüСʱ֮ǰ㶼һ½ͨߵ𣿡
ܣô֪˼һٵôã
ӢҲΪû뵽ǣܵھӣôûؼңżƬɳˡ
ͬ־ǸĳӦæˣгһ·ҵĹɽ˺Զںĵĵˡ
гҽ㻹ɽϣ
Զ棬ʲôҹĹȥˣϰѵȾ𣿡
̴ֵ˵ôûؼңھ£ϽɳҾͰңɽȥҪҪһȥҽ㣿
Զʱ䣬ʮ룬ӢҲɽˣ·ϴ
ȥɣ㣬˵ڵأ⣬һĹˣͲ£
η壬ֲǵһˣǽһǴ򲻹ģͱˡ

ӢϣԶֿȣֳܷ˵
ɽʱ𣿡
˰˵ܵģ˵ɽµҵȵĲͷˡ
ûвͷǵġԶʵɽ𣿡
ˣôҲܵܣǻ˵˻ӻأĩ೵Ҫҹôȥ˵ﳵأﳵ̣
ԶҿС壬ôԶ·ԼﳵǺظˣɣ
Ӣͬ⣬ǰ̫ˣҾͿģϲͣҿұҲͦġ
ԶﾹȻĪĸˣӢϲġ

˻ص⾹Ȼڼ˲ٳԵĴģӢϵ
Ӷ˯ȥˣԶˮϺȲ˯ţȵˮɣӢһط㡣
Ӣͷ
ȿûˣС̸ܶ𣿡
Ӣ̸ˣûʲô£ܽ
ͷָ˵˳ɷˣһ̲ס̹ˣû˵ղûʡ
Ӣû뵽߽չô죬æʵôģ
øˣͷ˺һᣬȻ˵ܺãӦ֪㣬ѡȨң˵ƵʱһСڿԶʱ俼ǣһֱԭصңҿ
ʵ̹֮ƽˣ˳ɷҲ˵ˣӢŲµ顣
ʮڼ䣬ѡиú̸̸û뵽Ӣá
Ҹˣ֪ϺͲӲӻС̸ԺӰ죬ԼҲΪҵܶһȹһϹ̸֮һ¡
Ӣ㰲ŵͦõģôȥúԶɡ
˵˳ɷ·ڵأײ˵żһؼңû¶ϢȥɣллΪһС
ӢͦΪ˵ġ

Ҫȥ˸ӢͬһεĻ𳵣ͬһᣬϲŵҡ
ɩѾǰҴɨҲɹҪ˵Զײء
ӢһֻѼǶ̻ȣһȥ㡣
СҪʮѧУſΣӢĽˣ˾͵ϰ࣬ԶҲһһ磬˳Ÿϰࡣ
۸˰ûƵģӢ㣬ǽȥģ
ӢѾдزͬǷһ£Ц껹ûأóھڵλ£ô㻹ϣҪڰ
СۺٺٵЦ̫ˣӢȥܲӡ
С۱칫ͬºһ١
ɣǵԶ̫̫ƽƽġ
Ҳ֪ϣǺõģʵɳ
ʮʱ򣬳ɳӵѾףСӸͱˣһͱ࣬Σյĺܡ
϶ѾҽԺˡ
ɳٳӢɳľϵҽԺ϶ڼ⣬ҧ촽û
СĸӢ˵϶޵ĵܵܣڲĶ˼ҵףǷ˺üٵǷͶ·֮£ҽæ
ӢôΥģǸ¶ׯҪ˵֪Ϊʲô
С̾ЩǲҪģרŵծͨҸǶŸɣٿ飬һ϶һͱ⼸ٿˡ
ҵſˣҽ˵ֹ̫ۣ϶ûжȹΣڣϺܹؼü׼
϶߳޵ˣҲûʲôݣֻսæǰæĽɷѡ顣
ͻȻͱˣӢ״ε˵ʲôĴ϶϶ٲھΪʲôҪǰ϶
ӢüҺٿ죬ֵֻͣһˡ
СϻԶӳץ϶ǰСӣ¥û˵ͤʵô£

϶ҪǰҲ
Ӣϳ״Ρ
Ӣ֪ܵˣҲܣԸã϶ҲûʲôµģҸ˵ģϱӣ϶ݣ໥ϲһ϶ͱ˺Ʊˡ
֮ҵһʱ϶¿ʼ˷һĻᣬû뵽Ϊҵĸı䣬϶ǰ⡣
Ҫǰ϶Ϻ˵Ը񣬼ٿ𣬼Ĵǹģ϶ҲóǰСӡ
Ϊң϶ǣңͲԸСӶծҪȥףǰƭĵץСӼˣʧͱ϶
Һ϶Ӣ˵һΣһˡ
Ӣ
ԭˣ˴ԽԽ𵴣أ
֪Ӣֻ֪Ҫúùӣ϶
Ҫܸˡ
Ӣһ˵ʵܾ϶

ϵʱ϶ˡ
ҽ̾϶־ǿõķչϵʱ϶Ѿܺȵϡˡ
ӢĸӣҽԺ϶ĸӰ㣬Ǹɰû£ܳԶˣ·İɣС˾˴ûȥӰɰϢ
Զϸ˿϶ɫմӹŹһ⣬϶ϾȻ͸ŵ㽡ĺΡ
϶ôо㾫״̬ǰã϶Щˡ
϶ι˿࣬ûԶϹǱӸǶˣûȵĺ𡣡
ӢѴ򿪣кԶȻȥ㿴ǲߣǻȥһᡣ
У㿴ŵʱ䣬û
Զ϶˼䣬˵ǰСѾץˣһʧˡڶĲܲģǰĸҪ飬ɱ
϶汻͸ˣСʱСӳûǣ˵㻹ŵʱȢˣͲˡ
϶֪ǰ˶ټҵ׸ңСӺıϷ˵֮ǰĶͷżǮ͵ˣ϶ʱȻˡ
ٹˣôоôаɡ
ԶߺŵÿոӢȥͷ˵Ļ
û˵ˮһˢͰһѹӢҧ䣬ǸмͿġ
Ӣлл϶ĺÿԸܸҡ
ӢǿɫǸϵĹ
֪Լ죬˵˵˽ѡġ
Ӣû¶Ҳ֪֪ˣǾҵˡ
ϣӢ˵ܾ϶ʱΪǰο
û뵽Ӣϱ˽ǸӢ⡣
ȻӢǰӢԺõˣǰǰأǺأ
ӢҪ𣿡
ֱ׳Ҫ㲻˵һ˯žġ
ӢִҲԡ
ܰ㣬Ҿ;Լûãİ֪ĸӽһծ϶ԺˣҶ㡣
⻹ҪģӢ˵õǲȺģⶼҺѣ֪ҵܣԶ֪أҪԴףҲǸ׾Դס
⵹ǣ¸

صҺ󣬺ԶڵӢϴ裬ȵϣͷиŷ⣬ǹ˳ɷ¸µĸѡ
Ӣ룬ԶĹҲ÷ˡ
ʵˣϻؾ˵Ҫɣ궼ˣôûжأ
ԶϲȥˣֻøӢ˵˵أɵϱѹˣҪٵȵȡ
ϴǸӣɳͺԶǺƵˣ㻹ЩСɵ㣬ҲӰ캫Զɰ
Ӣһ£Ϊɶ
Զ֪ô˵Ӣʲô˵ʲô㻹ʲô˵ǣֱ˵
Զǹɵĵڣܵ쵼ǱߣѼǰʰַ˵ǸûƣôˣȴŮʱٵǲֻѹˡ
Զֵʵ֮Ӧ˺֢ѾúܶˣԵͬ־˺üҶͨˣֻǵǸŮʵʼ벻ʲôӡ
һ쵼Ǳʣ˵ǸӲƣԶɣˣԲȥЩֵܡ
ӢĲУһһ룬Ǽʣھȥʣ᲻˸ɣѵֵ𣿡
ԶæȰӢϱˣʮ˲иӣиܲþţڱȥİ취
Ӣ
ͦģʢ뻹ûԻأ커ŶӣڼԺ԰ڣİʾԶûӢû硣
ӢôҽԺ϶ȻǸ𱬵ƢָҪʢ볳
û͹ˣ˵Ҫչ˶ϱ÷ò˵ź򣬻ʢۣ.¶ϴˡ
¹ΪϹؼҵӻΪɶŵźϱǷݶϵģȫԺûС
Ȼ߶չ˵ȷʵܵҲˣʢͦ⣬ڼԺŵĺãҫ˺ü顣
̫̫ͦˣھӶݷùˣ͵ҲأϼҴĻ÷˸ɣԵ
Դʢ죬ÿ쵽ҩζʢ˵Ÿİ̥ҩ
Ӣųζԣк͵͵˵̫̫ҩ
һһǰ̥ҩж̥ҩġ

ǡúԶˣӢϵҩæʵôˣ˭ˣ
Ӣܹҵ£Сӻûʲô
Զ˵ҩ£̫̫Ҳ֪ŪĲİ̥ҩϱ˵ˣи¡
Զɫˣ֮ǰҫ˵ϱ彡ԺСӿ϶׳ʵҪ԰̥ҩ
Щ˼ңŪЩӵƫеиԣ˵ܸıԱ϶ӡ
ɩһ̥ʱ򣬾
ɩӻʱ費֪ĸŪһҩɩӳԣ˵˰к
Ӣϵһ̾Ͷ˺ӵԱ𣬶˻ҩƨð
ԶҲż˭˵أţƭɩǰ̥ҩĸҴŷֵģɩȥҽԺʱ¾⣬Һýġ
ΪкӣŮʿԼдԶɩڶ̥ʱ򣬲ţ͹Ķǲԡ
ǵʱǸŮŮʿݼ˵Ҫǳķӣǵڶ̥кԶүүҪ
ӢҲ£˵ɩǷΣȥ˵档
УӶгɼǱ棬ȥɩ˵
ǳˣ㻹ûüӹͨʢ۵ܲסȥҽԺûס
ҽԺﳳһţʢŵİ̥ҩ⣬̫̫ͻȻ˵ϱӹǲû̾ûˡ
мӹҺԺڳҩ͵ҽԺ飬ҽ׿˵ģмζ֮ҩи̥ܲ˵ġ
ֵĹУм˵绳ҩˣģھûǰ֪ǡ
ϣ㲵Ӣ˵˺
ҽ˵ˣϱҪ壬ڲҪСͻϼˣ֮£ҹھǸˡ
ҲüԺھģҿûȥֱǣȻأͿǸûĺˡ
Ӣȴ˵ĸӣҲҪĸ˵ǺӲȥǼҡ

һܺ϶˿ڲ߳Ժϸϣ϶ָĺܺá
״̬ȳǰã϶Լú֡
Ӣ׼һӵķˣףɰֳԺ
϶һڵ嵭ʳ˲ˡ
϶ûŻؼң˳ȥɢ
Զ϶̸ĸߣʵʲô˵˵֧֧ĸʲô
϶˼ЦЦͣ˵ЩԵֲԵֵģЩ졣
סԺڼ䣬̹ˣ˵ģϱӲˣⱲŵһʱ
϶ģ˵һ֤
ʵС㣬ԵָԵ֡
ԶɣŰҾҸϱԵ֣ܾúϤ˵ϱӼɡ
Զôһ˵϶Ҳͻˡ
أ⼸ģǲмٵġ
ŤǸҪޡ
Զѵ𣿡
϶һ죬˵Э
һرǰСӣأص°ɣ˵޳ķޣµڿж󣿡
ԶЦ϶Աˣ٩䣬ֲģһˣҪᵶɱ
˵ʵ֮ǰеϣסԺסЩҲʮͷɣ룬ʮˣж˷أһһ𣬱ôࡣ
϶Ķˡ
ȺԶ϶߻ؼԺصңӢԶ˵ίղС㣬˵顣
ʲôʱ򣿡
ʮ֮ǰ
ԶûأС˹Ӣȥһˡ
Ӣ㣬£ȥһˡ
ӢЦŵ٩Զ⹤쵼˵ҪӶҲû˭ˣ˭Ȼؼҡ
ԶЦǿ϶Ȼؼңҵ£ϻǻزġ

ͬʱţһһҡ
ӢСۻ˾ϸʻͦģ֪ɶ¶𣿡
С治֪Ҫ֪ӢҲܴɫ֪֪顣
С˵֪ͦŹֵġ
ӢԶӳҲڣСۣڳļ鶼Ź֡
һӣԶӳǶȥȥǶرܡ
Զӳȥʱ򣬻Ѻǿֽͦʯˣͬ־ůˮڼȥһЩƷꡣ
ϰ칫ҵţɫĶӢ˵Сͬ־Ҫ侲ǧҪ
Ӣ侲İ
ǱȽϼɣҺýţʲô£ֱ˵ɡ
˵ʱ濴Ĳһ࣬Ǹɹģ飬һҪԷ˵Բԣ
ӢЦҲøʲô£Ȼ١ԡķɣ
ԥ¶˾ģڵƬݵӢǰ
侲ƬҲпǼٵء
ƬϣǸһĺԶͷǸˮĹ촽ϣڸ˹
۾ƺѹ¶Ĳգ֮ǰܵܵϵŵգͬһֻᡣ
Ӣסˣһʱ˺
Ӣл㱣Ӷתˣ벻ãӢһҪɱؼҸԶ̡
еȰСգ˵Ҫ侲ģ˵𣿡
л˵
µС


46 
Ӣһ, ⴥġ
СӳԱȥԣʱס޹Ӣɵһֻ, һȺޣ붼ûܡ
ڿ챻ֻͷıҧһ˲䣬Ǳصܾˣ˿ռܣֱӽ˦İˮ
˿̵ӢǲӾ, ΪﺣﶼǸֱޣѹûѧ
ˮˡ
ˣӢԶ
ԶӺ, ֮, ͬˣͬѼ
ĵ, ȥ
Ӣͷת, ллңʲô, ĸص, ҵ, ᱨġ
ԶЩɻ󣬾Ժǿ㲻ǱˣϼĶ, еλĽ, סĸд
ӢҲ, к, ûб޳ûȴһΣûУһһ˵ж
е㻳ɸղͷܴʱͨһռ䣬ˡ
ıܣӢİʱգҪغԼݣԣԥĨ˾һСμ䡣
˳ǣͨ۲ԭס̸Щ˽⣬·һʱ򣬱ȥʷ磬֮ǰʷһġ
ֻڰʮǰ翪ʼͬ淽ﶼʼ죬ʮķչ߳ȫͬƽ硣
һӢһСӴƷ˶סۡһɫ߲ˣӢüֱ̫ˡ
ʳﱾζЩ㹻ӶһֻСһܵʱˡ
ӢЩʴĶԱѾˡ
ƽƽʣҶ쳣ġ
ӢصʣͨģӢСӿ϶
ֱӢʣСӳԱ֪֮ǰ˳ǻطϡȱʺˮȻǴƽŪġ
ѹ˳ǻصĵλ޷ʱܴͨһ磬ԴԴϵĲɹʣƿȱʳˮ˻Ȩ
һٱ޵˷ұ߳Աġ
˳ǻطչôСÿʮףҶ߲ˣ˵˳ǻжܿţ
֪Ҳȥ̽ͨ漫٣߲Ǿˣһ˳ǻܿŵ˱ٻ߳ˣӢռܣñܣ֪
ӳһҴ˸䡣
˳Ƕڻ֮⣬ʮˣΪ׳õֶͦӢЩеߵ˷С
˳ǻص֪Ӣпռܣ϶鷳᲻ֶ
ⲢǴϣĽӢÿֻȡٵһʣԼСʹá
ûв͸ǽջǱ˳ǻز˿
ӢΪ˳ͬܿռܵˣ˳ǻΪӢСӣһͨš


ӢʱĬˣһƬ˵ʲôȥС̹ϵһģãСûҪ˵ӰǷ֮ĸ顣
Ȱ仰ʱԼš
Զڸ֮ǰͼƬŮ˹ȻǾû취£Ҳ㹻к˽黳İɣ
Ҳ֮ǰܵܵϣͬŮĵգԶ˵Ȼװʶ
ǿ
ʲô²̯˵ģſ϶в˵ԭ
СգСգ˵仰
ӢعƬ·أǾн㵱ʱǡ¼ôϵɳ
ѵʵƬĶģ
ƬѾŲˣڽɷ磬֮Ϊɷ⣬˼ңίᣬίˣֿ⣬ֽ챨ϵõûؼ͸ݡ
ִϵ֪ܲã͵
ʦĽҪҪϴϴƬҪǮֲԼյģ˾˵Ҫˡ
ʦ᲻öԼϴ˳ЩƬѹ̨Ĳ£ǡñԶӳ̴˻ʦҪ˵
ӢƬʱ֣̫ɺϡ
Ƭϵʮ꣬һ磬ԭ˺棬ѺԶںߣ˹ļĨˡ
ʵƬ⼸֪ɣ
ҸԴǶؼԼϱᣬ϶ܣԶǱߣ׼ôأ
ӢôʣԶѹǵѽ
֮ǰڵǸ֧ģ̽
ӢƬϺԶͣǺüǰˣǰ˽ҺԶ֮ǰУͷܹˣҲ˵ϣܰұܣԼ𣿡
ԭӢԴףԶ֣ӢǣοôͺãƬûȥ
Ӣȥ±С˰칫ҵĳ

һߣԶǰҲһƬ
ƬϣԶʻ״̬Ǳ˺ö죬նݰȥһĹﱳڱϡ
㺫ԶʱѾݵΣҲһٶǹﱳ෴ɣƺǲͷ򣬻ͷһۣһ˲䣬ͷ׽Ĳգ˲䰴¿š
ƬϱĵŻԵĺԶģܵܵϷֵĵգͬһŮ
Զǰҵʱ򣬾ѺĵطһңԶѾǲôģǸŮʱƬõǲˡ
ôŮ᲻һأ
Ҳ˵ͨǣڷֵǾŮʵʬ壬Ҳʬϵ̥ǡȥˡ
ίɫ࣬дṩȺڣֻԸ湵ͨǵͬ־ȥӴܿܣǳųⲢҾܾϣ㿴ô죬ȥԺôϱͣ
ԶѾȫˣʱܵܵŵյʱ򣬾;Ů졣
ԭƬֹһţȻŮһͬͬһƬ
ʲôˣһֱڰй۲첢ռ¼ʲôĿģ
ѡʱƬһһıһڼƻʲô
ԶʵίƬ£Ҫϱ𣿡
ίȻϱ񾯣ǸǰûйϵҪܵġ
Զȡһ£ⶼһǣͬƬûнǸ˵İӣϱƵء
Խܣֻ˵ɳϽĹ˰ǰйֵͬƬ˵ϱǰйأҪһ㣬ϱǣ˵ǲǣ
ǰ񣬺Զ˹ؼϢŮʵǲһֱͷһ˰̡
ÿһΣ˿ھҪһΡ
鲻û취ܺ߼˿Զûϡ
Զ˵ɳ˵ϱǡ֮ǰ˶¼ίϱնΪʲôֲأ
ԽΣҵϱ룬ظӪ㶼ԣͬϱ𣿡
ʲô£Զθˡ
Խʾ侲˵ӪõսôûʸὨˣ
ʵϣѾ쵼񣬲ҼԺԶμӡ
ԽܵѾ˱棬ִΪṩƬˣ˵ֻԸƬĵˣĹһʱҲԸܼģֻ㡣
룬ǰӽ𣿡
ԶҵΣҴ򱨸룬ҵԼȥ

ϣԺԶִܵ
ϻѾҹһΣôֵܣƾʲôȥ
ԽҲֻܰṩƬˣֻԸƬĵˣб°ƬŮҳҾȥҳ𣿡
ҵʱ䣬ҿ϶ҳ
Խܺǳ⣬ȫôôңڲڹڶ˵Ҫ˵Ļ
ԽԽٷκԶһȥˡ
룬ԶһִҲҪϡ
ԽôܷԸͬ־һȥִ񣬲󣬡֣ʣսʿ÷ϼ
쵼ƫģΪʲôͬ⣬ҵУ
ԽܣǱܾԲߣԶ˵µ֪ϰ붼û룬͸ϱˣ㵱ʱôģ
ֹⲻܰɣв˶֪ģҲ˵ϱҲܴӱĵط
ԽЦⲻǽڣǺԶ֪ϰ£пǻ£ϱʣӳһ飬͸¶һ˿˿Ŀڷ磬þսֵܣ㲻ǺԶ磬մҴôİɣ
亹򣬺²ֹƬ̣Խܾ˸񣬡ί֪ˣҼ֣ҵòμӡ

Ӣڰ칫˺һᡣ
ܴ֮󣬶߷չĴ˼壬֪Ĳ̫࣬ٺĵ쵼ˣʱϡ
ǸļҪͷĿǸ̫ʱϵѾȲˣԲһŵķųƬϣƬϵˣ֡
ֻҲû뵽ƬϵŮǸӢĳϵ壬Ӣ
ֻӢܸĶڰ
ںԶƬе㸴ӡ
ӢֻԶһΡ
һߣ֮Ĩȥ˺Զйļ䡣
ڶǰײ˺Զա
ûסԶ˳ͬĨⲿֵļ䡣
ߣͺǵĶкԶӢĵһӦǸ鷳Զһ㡣
ʧȥˣֻİһһ죬ûд㰮ˣҲûȥҺԶ
ԶǮĳƱӢ룬նϵԵ֡
첻ôʴȵģ̫ɺϵ顢עĻԵӢҲζŻгɶѵ鷳
ʱ룬޲ɱ˽ܵ׶ԶôͲټԶ鷳
ſɣϾҲͦϲġ
Ȼ鷳ǡ
Ӣֱ̫ϵܣϾܻǸ֯ˣ˸ڲĻ顣
Ӣ˸绰⣬ҸȥܣҴ仰𣿡
С
Ӣԥ⣬ԥʲôѽ˵֮ˡ
Ӣе㱧ǸҪƵӴܣ᲻ù˳ɷ᣿
ЦӢ̫࣬ԴףԻҵģѾϲ̸Ը˴Σƶ¼лᷢ
Ǿͺá
˵绰Ӣص˼ҡ

Զ˵Ͽܲû뵽ıӢ磬Ӷû˯һ
ӢһǾΧͻȻߣˣû°ɣ
ӢЦû£иӣ𣬺Ҫʼæˡ
֪ͦĵģ㣬ʲôӰΣ𣿡
ӢǱܵģܸǼ˵ʡǳȥϹ£ҪģΣյġ
컹ҪѧӢѼСȥ˯ԶʶȤûǸҪܵİӡ
ֻһ£˵Ҫˡ
ӢʱܻȽϳ
ӢЭʱ򣬾׼ʵʲôʱߣ
ߣͺٴһϣ쵼ͬٳ
Ӣ㻹Ÿʲôô磬ϿʰȻ˯
ԶȴסӢһѸקߣӢĲȣԶ
̧ͷῡԽھΡ
Ĩȥ˺Զιļ䣬ȴʲô֪ڵʱҪһ
ǶǿҵִԸıòϤĺøУӢͲ塣
ԱӣЦʵô᲻ˣ
ԶĪЩɬѿڶӢҰ㣬֪ʲôʱʼġ
Ӣգ֪㰮ҡ
϶ŲԵ֣˵ţܾϱӾʶ㻻ʲôòϳ㣬ңⱲӶٰϳˡ
Ӣͦжģ;ͷ̫ãϽϡ
ĺƵģò
ԶЩǸ⣬ԲҾ֪Ұ㡣
Ӣһã֪ˡ
ͻȻ𺫾ǰ˵Ǿ仰.ûְ˼ǹңһŻؼң˵Ͳˡ
Ӣһء
ԶҲ㣬ԺΪָԭֿˣҶټˣģҲõˣԣ㲻һˣչĸһŻؼңòã
ԶﶼǿƲסϲ֣صĵͷãҾһӡ

ûͱһֻ˹ȥͬѧܣͬ־ܲܰҿֻĹܣԲ¶
Ժס˺üңھӲûͱѣҲп߶һֻһģ˱Թֹ
˹ʲôÿģȻҲ˷ʳ
ǽڣʵڨܵİɡ
ڰɣǹãƯҲö󡣡
ǲСϲǰ㿡˹ĵС꣬ұŮϲĲˣ˵ýء
Ǽ쿴ֵȥַѲǼҵǮʳҾԸˣǹܵ𣿡
ͬѧͦõģֵھȰȥ
ܿųӢĺѴԸͦõģģתס
ûмģȥվɡ
Угģ㱧Źǣÿ졣
ܣ
ͷʵͦߵģֳŹȲŲأҵгϣھͬĿУһŽ̤壬ȵһһٸȥվ

ԶҲûߵģӢ۵û治֪ôôá
ϺԶӢ
Ӣ̲סЦСļе˱˳ǸóǱռǱŽȥȻس¡
۾Ƿ׼ˢʱ򣬲ŷӢѾ緹ˣ̯ļ
óǺóԣ̫Ǯˡ
ȥ̨˰Ѳʵʲôʱߵģ緹𣿡
ÿϧô³أûڸˡ
Ӣ˯̫ˣҲ֪ʲô̯ҵˡ
Ӣ̯õļ˼飬·ҵʱ򣬿ӣſᡣ
ӦҲҪ
ʢ۾Źţ᲻÷ߣһ׷ˡ
㵽׳ʲôѽߵ˵ʲôʱҿǸСһڼ
Ϊˣʲôû͸¶԰ҪѸĹˣúӣ㡣
ӢƤ񣬼ӿ˽ŲǶԷԶ㡣

߳Ժպó꣬¹ûߵɳſڣͱɳקߡ
С̫ˣҪʡ
Ӣתͷָ˹ȥؼԺ
ϣθ˵иеĸϱСˣҴż˵еĲǹģ⣬ͬ־ڵ⡣
κ»Ҹ񾯹ȥŵ⣬ڣǲ׶Ź
ӢӣΣҿҴˣ˱¹⻹⣬Ŷ֣ȥֻǴСء
С۲ðסӡ
Ҳ̾ǼҶȰöΣŮĲ飬˵麢ӻᱻƲ𣬻õλˣ˵Ӱͥ룬ŮһҪӣ˵һ̥ŮҪֵܼҵĶˡ
ȥأǷֹҺżҴ⡣
ӢɳҪҪģ͹ȥɡ

ؼԺǼſΧ˲ھӣʢոС˼ͻص˸λȰǸŮˡ
ûչ˵ĺãźֶúжɷ鼱֮һ£ǹģҺźֶȻˣȻôճأ
ŮҲίֶûˣҶĺûˣô㣬ּңּң
Ӣˣ̶ȣŮľȻǷּҶ顣
ȰȰͲôȻͿԸɳúýѵѵ
ʢȰ̥ŮҲϧҲҲһŸҳҩҶĺûסҲǸεŮ̥źЩѽˣҪôʹ˵ĸקǵھΣԹĹ⡣
Ů˱Ȱû֨ˡ
ӢѾɪɪⶼʲô
ָҵţ˼Ļݾ꣬ΣǰŮͯģ㲻Ůӵ˵ģܷڸ
ĻݾҲĿѪˣҵøˣ
ŶʢĵûдЭһ£ƺÿ˶Уõ㡣
ɷĴΣżҲ̣Ů׼ңŮ£ɷģΪ̵ּ档
ʢ뻹ĵ⣬ԼĹɵĺܺá
ӢЦ˶ںԼ岻ֵ

صɳС۶еżˣûӢ
Ӣ㣬ô
Ӣϱνеشףȥڵ
𣿡
ӢãôܲãһⱨӦ
СῴӢŭˣŵҲ飬˵Ҫء
һģӢ㾩еĽ绰ˣҿм㣬ظɡ
⣬ÿ죬磬ʹǱ̸׻ˡ
Ӣæعȥ
Ϊ˰ӢҪ£ڼңӢǴġ
ڵ绰Աߣһʱͽ
Ӣܶ˵ˣ˵Ҫǲ㣬ͲöԻ
Ӣãأ˵ɡ
ֻһˣü͵˵ϰļ壬иҪˣǼȥ¼ңȲҪܿŵˣƬһŽһŵķųôЩԽüƬڲ顣
ϰ߰ЧĶϰ壬ϰ壬ָľ磬Ǹ壬ڵصķ֧
⣬֪ʲôʣʲôʣ˵ˣֻҪԭתӢס
ӢüҳǰߣӴ˶һ¹ӣʼ
תܻҸ˵һҪ߾裬Ҫβ˵ģǿƣǵİְ֣βԩթգҲũߵ
ӢһҪǲѣ벻һ㡣
ƣβ
Ӣ˲뵽Ǹڵʢ룬᲻һ֪Ÿҩ⣬ÿأ
˵ʵ֪飬Ǳ˸ƭأ
пܣӢ̲ס˸䣬е谡
л˵
С


47 
ӢΪһƾһ֮, ޽˳ǻ̤ƽĴ˶ʶˣָĺܿ졣
ĩĸӱ˳ɷӵȥ, ϶ȥ￴ӰӢһȥ
Ӣѵһ죬һ𿴵Ӱȥɡ
ӢŲȥݣҪȥ, Ҫ϶ȥԼѡ
Ϊѣ϶, ҪŮȥ档
ӢЦ, ЦģҪͲˣֵһ, ǿȥɡ
˵, ׼˯ʢܹྡ
ȻǸھ, Ѿܾû, ǹ쵼, ӵºԶɱѹ
ӢΪӻҪģٲţʢ뻹ˣ͸ͨھӴһȻ
ʢ뿿ݵſ, ӢɾԺ, һȾļҾ, ͦĽ, ЩĸСӸɵģ涮¡
˵ҪҲ˵ȥĶӪû˰ɣ
ӢͷЦЦԶߵǸһ˯أô֪ʲôʱߵģ
ʢ죬͵˵ģҿŹŵĶˣԶôʲôȥ𣬲֪ǲȥִͬء
ӢҲ֪ҲʣģҪҴ˵ԾҪеģ˵԰ɡ
Ҳǡ
ʢЩʧ˵һ⣬˵ǰѧҽģӣС֮¶һֱεδŪɾҪҺ¡
ӢЩ⣬вȥҽԺֲǿ𲡡
Ҷҽüˣ㿪ҩ㻹ϴҽԺɡ
ӢҲһֱ׻ʵȻ岻ڼЪţǿȥϰأ
ʢпԣöӢ˵ֻҸڡ
ĹҪģⶼΪŮͬ飬ǰҵǼң˸лĽأӺͺˣżҲͣˣûߵһ
ʢ֪ӢƲɵ⹤˼ӶԸ飬ֻȰ͡
ӢЦЦʵĺûˣľûϵģҰһĶӣٻˡ
ʢе˭Ҫˣ
Ӣ˵кŮһģǱûдģΪƫ˶ˣЩŮӳͼѣ治һ·ˣȥɡ
ǡʱҹСʢе绰ء
ʢӿڻص绰ˡ
棬ʢԴϻرԶͲӢҴˡ
ôˣ
ӢСûҸ
㶣ɱ¡
֪ɩӡ

ĩûʲôˣʢ˵Ǻ
绰ͷ˵ھӰҲ֪ʲôȥˣ֪ô£ͻȻýôʣ˵ϵ¡
绰ͷ˺µ˵Ҳ
㣬Ǹ
ʢˣб
˲֪˵Щʲôʢ밲š
ǲͬҽӢҿһ¸Ʋ˵ˣ˿ҩˣΪʲôҪִȥ⹫ҿ˿ڣ˵Ҳͬġ
һ̤磬ǡ⹫֣ʵСʢ˭绰أ⹫綼ȥ𣿡
ʢѵ绰ϣͣõ⹫ͬĸá

һߣʢǸͬĸѦܿҲ˵绰ʮͣȥ
ķ˵зÿͣպͦģ˵ء
ѦܿЦ棬ˡ
뵽鷿һݴɣһ͵·
ʮӺ󣬺ԶڿޱĿŶɳϵŮˣûȥ鷿Ǹķ˵йŮڷ˵壬ڿ̸̸̸ߡ
ǶԷҪſ˵ˣҪʲô
ѦܿԶĶ˵Ҹҽ㳤ͦģ㿴һ㶼Ծ𣿡
Զֻ˵ʢ볤öףʲôֵġ
ѦܿȴҪ⡣
Ҫǿĸò϶ҲҳףҰ־Ϊúÿű迴ϣϧ磬ⲻҰٻˣĵҰֺڼס˵ôȵģ˰ɡ
Զ·ûεϢ˵Լĸ׵ģҿҽҲô
Ѧܿеأʮ٣Ȼǰһˣˡ
Զֱ˶ϵĶĸУҲȥˣôǵҼѡ
ѦܿЦ裬ָҼĸ趼ɺˣһԵĶӣȻˣҼĸļӣҲ׸硣
㻹и磿
Զ֮ǰõѦҵĻϣûѦܿи硣
ѦܿҸǰ͸Ͼϵ϶ˡ
ѦܿŮ׵ģֻд˶Ůûᵽ磬⹫кϵǾ˴󲿷ּҲӴһʣӴرʾλʿ
Ѧܿĸգװ׸ʱѾǶ飬ĿǰίǸС쵼ȥٻ飬Ѧҿ޷⣬Ůӣסڼ
Ŵȣϸͦ
ԻԽԽƫԶĮҲļͥϵƬô£
ƬǴҶ棬ΪʲôԶƬϵŮͬ򣬹ƺԶҲͬԹ
ѦܿܲƬĵƣҲֻó˵ˡ
ҰίṤ⼸ί鳭˲ڲֿ⣬һ滹н˼ƬȥϴƬõ֣һŲĵģһӾϳ㣬벻֪ôϳģ
Զһ֪˵ǡ
Сö֮ѣȫҶҪ򵥣⻹ϷˣŪйص˺£ԣļҲɣ
ԶͷˣʣЩأҴ򱨸ǵֱȥã
Ѧܿһ㶼£׼
߾ߣЩҶˣûǸŮƬ
ҪĿģҲʵ˵˰ɣҽ׵ʱʵǿģ㶼û࿴һۣѡǸƿŮˣҽһδ꣬Ϊʲôѡˣ
Զ׳ɹԶͳѦҵŮܶ׶ˡ
ԶѾȷȥҲ˷ʱ䡣
һת絶û˱ȵϣʮ֮һٷ֮һԴҲԼͨˡ
Ѧܿʵ̫ˣ˾ǸϹӡ
ѹҽ˵ᡣ
ԶһȦҪſ˵ƬȫͱõĻԣ˷ǵʱ;һļġ

ѦܿİְʵڼŮͺԶĶԻ¥϶ˡ
鷿Ѧܿº¼ҳ𱸣ּԼûСĽָŰѵ
ʢ±ʵŮģȷʵûˣһأû뵽ŮƺԶ
ԶǸ趼ܺҪ
ѦܿҧŴҶΪ⹫ĲĲˡ
ҵڻǾãƬϵǸŮ϶Ϊ˺Զ֣ҲֻܿúԶΣʱŮǻֵġ
Ѧܿһ㽣ֻҪҵܿţʱҾҪ⹫һȥԴ

磬Ӣ˲˻ŵ˵ȥλڡ
ڵʱ򣬿иʮŮˣݺͣϵҲܺƣӢӸ߳ѺõĴк
Ӣ룬ʢȥ׻ﲻȥʢ׻ء
Ӣת˷ߵʢſڣЦʵӺãǣ
ī˵ʢ裬֪ŮСˣչŮ
ǳǸ⣬ŮŮӢǸ˵Ů쵼״Ӱɣ̫Ǹˡ
ӢǸ̬ͦϣǶЩƫ̻ŮĸĸѾٱл롣
Ϊ̫۰Ů󣬻ǻ᲻ֶԴվԼһߡ
ΛJĸף֪Ů֮󣬴ϵסϴȥüζγˡ
ӢͺҺôûԭĸĸϣ²۲ѹ
ɷɱѹǾ˵ظӪǴڵģûҪŮǸˣҿʢװǱߵļãϵͦõģе棬һΪʲôԭɷ𣿡
Щͥϣʢʱ϶Ѵ
īҲû˵˺֮ӣˣҪӣѡ飬ǸεĸףЩһֱ飬Ҳ
ӢͷþۺɢҲûʲôǰתͷ͸˵ŮĺӶŮա
ԣһʲôӣһڽӴ˼ˣ.

ʢӢˣŸҳԹ費øӢļĳ¡
裬˵ôѽ
īֵھ֮ҪùϵģŮҪȥӪСʱ֪֪
֪ʢһŮȥأʮˣȺԶǿƾʲôɡ
īǿ϶ƾ˼᲻ɣҲֲǼңĸ쵼ϲСΪǰŮǺ
ûôذɣ
īŮԺٹŮϵ¡
ֺкͰѶĺӸŪûˣôöĺȥðգǿŮĵһѽ
˵⣬ʢȷʵеѹôģ˵Ӣѧҽ϶ѣ˵ҩԼû£ҲǸǺûԵֻ֣ǸŮ˰ɡ
Ůĵ̬ȣīʼˣӦýǰİŮǰѧ̫ˡ
īģΪ˸˼ҵŮܸ̫ͿˣǼˣһŲ

ĩλֻСֵ࣬ӢҸڽС۳ȥɹ칫ƷȻ׼ܵλ绰Ǳ߸ϰ˼ʹϵôˡ
ûȥԶĵ绰ˡ
ӢЦʣĩô֪һڵλ
Զᣬ˵Ǵ򵽷磬ɩ˵λˣĩӰࣿ
ţǲڼң϶ȥ￴Ӱȥˣ˯û¹¾ڣأôʱҴ绰
ԶдѾѦҸѦ̸ܿݣ绰ԽܷΪСˣˣûһʵ
ԽѾ¸Ѧҵļͥϵһ飬µĵ鱨ǰԶֻдȴһָʾ
ȴḶ́ԽܲûвúԶϱ绰
ԶǺòãǱߣûʲôֵˣ
Ӣ˵ֵûʢԺˣ˵չСӵģΪʲôǰ飬˵ǰҪӣ岻źƽġ
еֶ԰ɣԸҲҪӵˣȻûã͸˵Ůˡ
ԶҲ֣֪ͦӢ֪֪ʢװ֣ŮĵڶŮǸṩƬС

˵绰Ӣеվ˹ȥܹ桢Ƣãֵûͥĩͻ״Ӱ¶Ըȥ
ĩվҲֻһ
ѴŴ򿪣˾ԶŲ
Ӣ㣬ҴǱߣ鵽ϰļͥˣֵһһδȢһһŮǸ磬ŶӳŮ̸ܵܣ˸ŮһŮŶʮ꣬Ŀǰδ飬ҼһΣһǸѸԸ񡣡
вʷ͵ܵĿǰзΰҲ¾֢Ǽŵԭ֮һ
ӢҵҲβþ֢ȥĸ졣
Цɲǣ˼ѽ֮ǰϰ壬Ǳ޵⣬ȷʵǿʣǶ˱֮ܿĸ죬ƭҪܿţҶ뿪һˡ
Ӣǰɣ
ģҿЦģӢҶڵǳ⣬һ㣬ʣ֪ͷĿλ
ӢڰԼҰæģ㵹ˡ
ǣӢڰҡ
Ӣ׼ҵ绰ˣæӢһ£иҪ˵һ¡
˵
ɷ򺫾Զȥϰңڲͬһ°ɣ

ӢƺԶȥ¸Ƭйϵе뽩ˡ
ˣ°ɡ
ҵʱ϶Ѿˣڳ
ӢͻȻ뵽ѽ֪ܶ˲֪飬
Ӣ취Уе棬ģ£ڻûģǶԽҪ
ĲУܰӢˣ֪һЩ飬Ǳ˶ûеơ
Уʡ
л˵
С


48 
Ӣ֪֪Ѧ궫һҺǸʲô³
Ӣ, ҳԶ˱ĺĳԱܻ֮ͣԽԽ, вĶ񻯣ûĻ⵽ɳɲӡ
ճͨرն˱ĹѦЩԹģк³ġ
Ѧ궫
Լ, Ӣ˶ֵ֡ᡢĿǰΣȷӡеǸѦҡ
Ѧңʮʮ󸻺֮һ, ͵, ˵һкܶ͵Ĳҵ˲֪ġ
ҽҩҵĿҩõר, ׬
˺, Ӣô³Ѧң
ӢҲе, ³, ѲѦϱӻĺܺã
Ӧð, ѵѦһܵסԱ⣬һٻ˲Ƶģ
Ѧҵĵϵ˻ʮ𣿡
ˣæԼ֪ĶӢ
ѦҵϵֻһһŮ, Ѧܿ, Ѧܿȷʵʮ귢, úõú, δȢ˸ŮӰˣ˵ŮòãѵһͳǮ˼ҵļ̳ˣ׼һ󡣡
ӢǸѦܿҲԹ޵⣬˺ü꣬ܲסˣǸûԡ
ĲɵʵѦƵĸѦʲô
粻ѦͼϾϵĸգһȥҲûոĻȥ

Ӣ˼ƮƮģֻصǸΪ˿ռܣСӻʳȻһԪһΣðŷգȫСӴƽ磬һСǳͨõĽӣƽĵгʮ⡢һͷֻһס
ǴС˸ɽ֣ںʹʹϴ˸裬ܹǴѧӾ
Ǹɽס죬гкȣ˯õĻбޣⰡ
ǵʣǲܳʱƽģͳų⣬Ըеƣ롢ص״̬ʧˡ
Ǵλȥ˵һСͻر޹ƣһ·Ͽöѵ񣬶ӳ·һȥһ⣬ˮġ
ӳȥġꡯһţʲô֣
һͷʱͶιɾȴǡ
˵ĸգиܵܺãɢˣֻһˡ
ӳ̾漴Цһ£ͷӢЦӢÿڶòã
ӢۣзͽţЩ˵תͷ
ҲҪ
ܾһ˲䣬ǰӺǸ̽ˣ˵кԶ
Ӣʱ룬ֺ˳ùֺÿġ
СԵĵط棬ĶһӢӢȵҡ
ӢӢ
ӢڷôСӢزֻܼӴӢӢˡ
ʣ㲻ʶǸɣ
Ӣ˵ֻͬͬգͷҪˡ
æٸ˵Ϣո˵Ů׼ѦŮݣҲеСǮպøǸȦһ̫̫˻˵֮Աϰ忴ΪСЦʱһϰˡ¹⡣
ӢмѪɫ¹⻹࣬ⱲӱҲ˵ûǸټһɽˡ

绰Ϣ˵ڲ̽ؼϢӢĵȼ죬Ҫ
ӢÿӴ̫ƽڶˣСÿ̾Ϣƽӵʱ򣬶ᱻ崷һ١
ڵʢˣӢԶûиϵϹҲǵģʲôôܣ绰ʱ䶼ûҺӪأ绰𣿡
ӢҼҵǴ˼绰
ʵûУӢ˵ģʢΪͺԶбȥִͬһĿܡ
ʢһ£ͻȥˡ
Сˣ֪ϲ㣬㲻˵û绰𣿡
ƭġӢЦʣ㿴׻𣿡
֪ϳԾҡͷ濴ͲӲҲûִֻӵݣôˡ
ģֻкСѣҪڲˡ
ʣôأ
Ӣɵųȥ찡ǰһʮء
СӢôһ˵־ͦģĩù˰ְִȥĶ棬˵ģϵĵط˳ɷ綼ȥˡ
ĩʱ򣬹˳ɷ˵ȥũͶһ죬СӾȻԸ⣬ڶܻ
ӢҲӵԴĵ绰ֿܣܲȥ˾У
Ӣ㣬Ҳɫ࣬ҵĹؼϢΪ˸¡ԶԣΪ˸£ײûأúãھ˵ҵʣµЩƬˡ
ʲôƬÿߵʱ򣬱̬ĵƬӢʱÿڸÿø̻ҵȻϲڵӢ㡭ұ죬ʲôƬˣֲܼģ̫Ӣ㣬Ĳһ𣿡
Ӣû뵽鱾ܸʣµƬҳȥ봺ڹȥûãֲͬǣºƵؾ˵ȥ
ûкɾܻؾ̫ˡ
ʼĹʵһ֣鷳
Լûϵ
뿴ƬûӢ鲻ãûֲڣôȥУ
ԥȫҪҰƬˣ
Żãܲٴһ£ôĵЩƬģ
ڴءܲý֪һôߡ
Ϣԥһ£ǾӢ˵¡
Ӣ㣬Ǹ⣬鷳ˣŻǸ˵һ£
ҽʵϰʲôˣ
ܵҽƾףв˳ҩ񻯣Һ͵ҽԺ˻ְͣڼңˡ
հְֵһӢüô£û˵
ȰôԶأ˵Ҳﲻæ㵣ģԻұء
㻹˵ˡ
ܡЦǰҴթģǵթհְֵǼң̫ŵһϱ˵ǳհְֿҩģڶϱǳҩҽԺģӢ㣬ڵŶ
Ӣ£Ϊʲô˵ǵҵأͲǼ˹ʼʩǡöթĶΪʲôң
ܵΪһϱĵ裬·ŵĵطձתȥϵȻ߾ͳ㱻թ£ɺ𣿡
ǾͲɺϣûôɺϡ
Ӣĺܣɺ϶˺пǶ塣
߼޶ŶӺȷŸ޳նο̸߼ء
ӢҲϻ̫ǰϱĵ裬תĸũˣûУ
ܵӢˣǰ֪Ǹũ

Ӣ㣬ǰǸţһϷޣŸʮĶӣûãĺܡ
ũðЩ·ŵ֪ʶӣǺŴˡ
´ӣǸҩܾ¿ηΣ߷߲ƽҲӱ͹ȥҩɹҲ֪˭أ
ӢŷҰɡ
´ӣ
Ӣһǰ
أиŮ޵Ľ𻨼ңĽ̫Ÿһ׵ģеҰ֣ȻҰ׸Ҽң̫ŸҼҾһֱԸ˸ӣҡң˵ġ
̫ڶϿɵˣȢĶϱ޻̫࣬ŸǵĲУþû׼ұˣҪ·ţϱˣҹ͵ҽݣǡҰֵҹࡣ
ҰָĽ̫ǲ˵ģΪһְҸϱû𣬾͸˷ӣڵҩһҩȥ۲һϣЩˣֿһڵҩ˲Żȥ
ϱֳ˼ҩͻȻˣ˵Ұֵҩˣ˵ҩûҰҲǸӹҽҩû˶ϱĲ飬ֵ֣ҽݶûţҰְ뱲ӵˣиڼա
ҽ˽ˣ̸кǧ飬൱һͨ˽ʮĹʣĽ̫Ŵͣȥ˵ҽǮհְֿҩЭ
´ӣҪ²̫ţԼϱˣȻǮİɣ
Ӣ˭֪أòµġ
֮ҲܴĽֻ࣬಻֤ܵݡ
ǿܴܲϷҵЩ֤ݡ

ţｩסˣ֪ȰǸӺҩϷŲá
⼸ĵ֪࿴ռˣȥǮ˸ݵĴӺҩҲˣǶϷžǲøӺȣЩۺӵˣʵҪǶӡ
ӢҲϻк´ӣ֪ǰϷסҩ룬Ժĺιҩ
յôأʵҽԺˮЧ죬ϷûǮûǮӢܸӻ֢״
س򸾹ӢŮԩĲǣҶӸûϵ𱨸ӡ
´ӣһ⻰֪ôˣҲ֪׼Ҳ⣬ԩհְֶǮ
ӢһֱȺӺҩŵֲɵҲôᵱô˵¶ӣ֮ǰôģ
سǸ֪ʶӣӢĻûǿŵġ
ڣ˵ͨϵ͵ϵˣҲʶ˵ˣֻҪҺúøͲᱨǡ
Ӣһ˳ʲôݹسݣȻеΛJ
үġ
ΛJһֱӢհְֱܸ£鵽ϷޣӲĺܣ·ź˭ţΛJ˵˵ǻõĵط游ϴԩĻӢ
Ӣ󵼣Ϊϰ尲ŵģԣɺˣҲɺϣǶΛJһֱûհְƽԩٴ
Ӣ˵Ҹ磬ʲô֤óԩͷծҲ鷳ġ
ӢܣСЩӲתùسˡ
ʵǵҲɹҩ⣬Ϊҩм䣬ŮҿһΣ͵͵ʮǮɻȥû죬׼Ҿ֪ͨңŮҩˡ
ҸϰϹȥϰ޻ˣҰҩҳҵһûҩ쵹ҩҲڻ͵͵ߡ
ΪʱϰĴѾ˺ɱʲţٱһñӡ
ϣϰͱ·ţһֱ˺üֱ꣬ΛJȥڲȼһŮϣ
سϰһް֣ǿľһɵҩģкڵķֲʲôҩһҩס
Ϊҩ浵ҩʧĽ𻨷ҧһڣ˵ҩˡ
հְֿҩǳһ꣬Բˡ
ΪĽ𻨶ϱûֻǵĸĸŭĲŲɢһ¾ͺˡ
ˣͺΡ
ӢȥɳС۽йһ¼˿ڹϷǩֻѺ
س˵ϵܺãũҲܺãװͰ͵ĺ´ӣ˸ãԷĳҩʵڲУҺ´ӣǮҽԺȥ
´ӣ
Ӣں´ӣ˵سǳĸаΡ
´ӣ̰ż֣СȥҽԺ顣

Ӣ˵հְֵİнչȺԶٻȥһ˰һ¡
СۿˣӢһȥӢ㣬ңܰȡ
ӢЦ·Ѷ󰡣һ˿Եġ
ʵ̫Ӣһ˻ȥ참ӣ̽ױϾһ£˶֡
Ȱ֤֤ϵȡ֤ģС۸һȥɣ㹫ɳġ
СڴӢȥҲû̫ϵöˣһ£һá
ӢؼҺСһ£հְֱܸ棬µҵǶٻؾһ¡
֪ϺܵȲӢھȥ㣬Ƕôˣиɰֺ͸裬ȥɣ
ĸڼҲġ
ɰָڸأûϵĶҲǰˣῴǵġ
Ӣհְֵ£һҪ£Ӣ֤סڼһģİɡ
Ӣ룬Ҳá
ϵºԶϵϣǰΛJ˸绰˵кȥоֱհְֱܸİӡ
ȥУ˻𳵣ӢСȥд÷˵ַСȥҽԺĽסԺĶϱ
ûϵ㣬ȹȥ̽һ£ܴܲʲô飬ȥҿȻд㡣
ϣ档
С۷ȥҽԺӢȥңſܡ
ܼӭӢ㣬ˡ
Ƭ𣿡
ĸҴĴϣѾһǰˡ
ӢţģɫЩ㲣Ǿ״̬ŻУ
ԺŸչϣһ·֮ĺԶûüȥкЩµһԵĶΛJղϱɣ
л˵
С


49 
ΛJһ֪, ϲ̵˵ѽ졣
Զ֪ӢкӣܰѺиھ, ȻУ˵е鲻С
⼸Ϊԭȷʵûϵ׵øգûüҴ绰, Ϳϱǰ
־ϲֵġ
ھǰȥӢסˣǹʱ, йҪȥ
ΛJ˼, ֪飬ҿΛJ̬ȣЦó, Ӧòʲô̫顣
Զʵ֪ϱΪʲôУ
ΛJԶקһԾ, һȥȻհְܸ永ӵĹ̸Զ˵ˡ
񲻾ٹٲ, Ľ𻨶ϱ, żȥ, ȥҽֵģҽô磬ͷӣ˽, ߺҵ, ҾȥĽ𻨵׼, ˵׼ҺŮ, ˲ޡ
س⼸걻ˣ˭ţ̸Ҳ֤ݵģǲó룬˸ȥϵǱũĻõ㣬ÿ϶а취˿ڣ㿴죬ʳˣŮӰүǣϰΡ
Զ˵ǣҲ㳤ɷ
ʵΛJòãǳһ߰참˪̫أйһվȷʵܽ﷢
ΛJֹһ䣺ѦǸΪʲôҪϾϵϾ˹ϵΪʲôҪؼң
Զ⼸춼ڲѦңȻһ˲飬Ϣ͸Ŀ졣
˵߲鵽ϢΪĸȥչߣ־ٻ飬ŸϾϵĸա
ΛJĳѾͣѦſڣ̴̵ͣ·ߣҲ˿
°ϵĺӣѦ궫Ů׵ģŮٻûԣҸգ㲻Υ𣿡
ԶͦҪǸѦҶƵˣҲһ£²¡
Ҫǲأ
ԶЦǾ͸ˡ

˵Żиݸ㲵ˣǰ湫վȻݲ԰ףƤ༫ãŨصͳܶһ͵ӡ
˹·ʱ򣬻ͷһ·ߵľ͸ǰ˳Բ˼롣
ޱŤͷû߽ͣǶֵƵĺԺ˼´ţ·Ժܲ
ΛJֻ÷ֹһ䣺ǰӢϲ͡
˵ʲôΛJΪԼˡ
ǾǼÿŮĶӡ
Զ˵ҥ˵ʵѦαǴעûжӣһ˶ӣҲҪѦҶϾϵ
˵⹫Ҳף˺Ӻ󣬲øŮգԼӺŮԼѦŮıߣҪıҲء
⴫Ծе㳶ˡ
ΛJ˵Ѧ궫ǹ¶ֻй¶
ΪŮֱϵѪ׸ߣίʵ˵ȥ
Ƿ仹иҥԣ˵ʱ˫̥һѦҲϡ
Զƿţ߰ɣȥѦҰݷһ¡

ѦңѦܿڼ﷢СƢ
⹫գװգַˣ⹫Ҳװ֣˸գҲǸһֱף⹫ҪǣѦ
ԵҲңѾѦȫȡˣΪŶȥˣټǵõҡ
ѵѦܿ˸ƿ
ĹŶƿڼ˵ˤҲˤˣ߰ʮ䣬ܵһ룬һ룬ֻֵǮİһˤϧ
ֿﻹиõġ
˭Ƭ͵ߵģ
ʢ±ŮҪˣһ԰Ƭǣһ쵽תСľݵȻױ͵ôģڸˣҲҵõġ
Ѧܿ˼˵ǹŵǱߣƬϵ飬ƫƫҪʱ̶š
ںˣƬ͵ˡ
˭Ȼܵ͵ˡ
ķʱ˸˽˵үˡ
˵ǡүүᣬƺͺ֡
ü֪Ҳ˵ʲôˡ

鷿ֻʣ¸ˣ˭ûпڣʢ±ûסŮѦܿʹ˸ɫ
˼˵磬ᡣ
Ѧܿ˸ۣڻأ⻹أô˵
ݵĴСһ֮·𶼺ѦҶϾϵ
ʢ±󿪿ˣӳóһУǽ˿ľģƵ̵ĺܷȥЩͷˡ
⹫ĲˣҪٳһҩԿܸܲӦ
Ƶǰ¶ĵı飬ûҲû𻰡
ѦܿĶûôã̲סѺӴ򿪣ںӴ򿪵һɲǣ͵ı۾
Ѧܿ˵磬⹫ҩʡһŸԣɲҪ֪ô
ӢڳһϳǱ޵ľˣȼԽߣԽ죬ƽͨ˳˻ʲôЧʲôãֻѦ֪ˡ
⾧Ҳ󣬲ÿһֻ޶Уƽʮһıɣÿʱ˥ʮͷܶһʱ߰ͷڳö
ʱ򣬱ķţ˵ϻǸպˣִ˸
Ѧܿͺܷǹ
ķΪѣպ˵ˣүԸڼ̸ȥʻ
ҶģѦܿһ㶡
ûʲô飬Ѧܿ˵ʹ뵽ɣһݴ
ķݲȥˡ

ĸˣԶΛJһߣѦܿƺҿ׸磬ΛJһ㡣
Զͬ־õһƬϷˣӵͬ־Դôأ
Ѧܿˣû뵽Զʱ˺񾭲ɡ
ۺԶŵ輸ϵƬƬĵģһеĿʼΪ¿ŵһ̡
Įı鶼û䣬ŶС˭Ϸˣ֣ӰǣǿھͰץѶ
ΛJ׸
Զץ߲ڣͬ־֪֪Ƭأ
Ҳ֪
˵ƵƬʮš
ʮš
ԶѦܿ԰ֽǹģԹѦҡ
ʮƬͬ־֪𣿡
ͷ֪֮ǰһֱǣƬѣҾͷųǰ커ƬһЩƷһ͵ˡ
㲻ΛJѡ
תͷ˿ΛJܻ͵ģ˵ģ永ͳͼǮľëɹɴ𣿡

ΛJͺԶȥڰɽĻСݣڼõȫֹ֯Ʒ붼ȱ˿ڵĴִɴ룬ɵģͷ˻ƣܾµǲֵǮ
ԼƷԲǮС͵ŶᱻΡ
ΛJԱѦҵĺԺլľļҾߣСݺĶܿ
ô죿ΛJʡ
ԶЩɽͷ߸ɽ·ͻᷢһСƬǰҲɢġ
ΪʲôܾãҪأ
ȥϱԶ˵ʾίˣͬġ

ӢҶ¥Ļ￴ʮƬȫÿһߵĵص㣬ͺǱǰµƬ
ѹÿһζûзֳˣԭǰغˡ
ӢʵƬʲôĵ𣿡
˵ϰĵġ
Ѧܿĸ磬ǸϾϵսģ
ǣе㸴ӡ
ܿ˹֣ʵǸ죬ҪӢ̽Ϣϸڶ
ϰǸͲСر𰮱佱һһĴС㣬ãҾͱȽΡ
˼죬Сͷһ£ͻ˽ҽԺϷ룬СҵˣҵԼˡ
ӢѾͷˣ˵ص㡣
úã˵ص㡣
죬СȥɽĻݣܵһοѦܿĸ磬ʵһСĸ磬ϰ壬һģһ
ֶһ
Сĸǣ̸𣿡
ҡͷûУֻǰСȶѣϴС㡣
ƺôˣûʲôֻ˵ˣС
Ѧܿȴϲʵ磬ûٸ㴫Ϣ𣿡
˵ûУûУһȥҲûá

Ӣɻ󣬡̸㣬㵽ôӮǵΣӢ۾ɲ
ҳˣ޵⡣
жҲǺüǰˣǿʣƽ磬õߵ壬˭֪ȥʲôá
Ѧܿ˵⣬Լˣԣͳȥš
ûѡֻܳˡ
رʲô޵⣬ܲļϣٴһ˳Ե𣬲ӵϲóԵİɣ
ܸŻ˼£˵Ҫԭ֭ԭζͰˮ󿪣Ӣ֪ģصϣܰ˶οôá
ּŻ˼£æԼĳƤǰһŸ
ǡˮһĻЦ
⣺裬ҶˣôҲأ
裺Уסˣ´һţǼġ
ܣհǲʲô
ӢǺһЦֹ裬ұ̶ͲץأԶ˵֮أ

˵мԥ˱֮󣬾ͳѦܿεԼˡ
Ҳ㲻̫Ϊʲô˱⣬ǾͶΣѦңʸģǼٵ¡
һǰˮ⣬ŻҴԣͬ־ܿˡ
˵˵ΪӢ㡭
ٱӢ߶ȹ֮ʵˣƶˡ
˵Ѧ֮ܿ󣬸һܣ˵ʵ磬һ˫̥һ£һںڰֻһšѧ˴òϰߣʵ̫ˡ
ˣ֪ŵһ
Ѧܿ˵ǰԴ˵ԸѦҽˣѦʵҲ£ѦܿĴȹȥûøԴзʽȫϵԴǱߣҲûˡ
Ѧһˣֵһʱ䣬ԴϵǣֻһӣԴ͵Чҩܼǿҩ֮˵Ӧ˫̥֪ͨԷ˼ά
Ӣ벻ףЧҩôû˵˳ǻзģ
ܿѦܿóҫЧҩһѾʲôЧҩǱ޵ľˡ
Ӣ
ͨĳִԲźŹͨжģߵͨ˳ˣܲĳϵ˫̥
ѦܿĶ˾֮ȷʵã˵ȥĴ磬˯ߵʱ򣬽ξξܿԷ飬˵ĵƬϵŮǿŵĹؼţһһ׼ȥʱ͵ص㣬ͨξǰȥء
Щ˵ĿӢӢ㣬һιʱ򣬱ˣֵǿӦǸŻȥӽСӡ
Խܡ
Ӣ˵ԣңһжɵġ
ȰӢ㣬ǧ룬컯Ūˣʱ챻ˣռԶģ㱻ʱ򶼿ˣôܲˣ˾ˣҲ֪ɫܹ㣬㲻Ҫˣ컯Ūˡ
ӢţǼСȰӢϺܶ鶼עõģǰı䲻ˣǻôıԺɡ
עõġ
ԣ˵ϱѦҷˣҽҩ˾˷ΰѦ궫Ƕʮ꣬˵ޡ
ƾʲôء
Ӣ˵ˣҲǴľ˿˰ɡ
ɲǣԵȲҪ
һɬӢȣ㣬Ǹ޵ѳԣȻ˼ҹٳܶоһ㣬ÿɵþҡ
Ӣܰǵ㸱ãʵߵʲôط
Ӣȥ˫̥жͬһ֡
ܵžǰӢСȫԱʧ٣ûһ֮Ͼϵգһֹ
СӢƬɽֵĳصɽȣӢһδռܣĺĵԶƬ
һУǴ¿ŵһ̿ʼġ

ӢĬ˺һᣬܺ⻥࿴ֿҳ
˵Ļû
šŰ֣Ц˰ɣԷԶˡ
裬Ͼͳȥ
⣬ӢȤһ㣬㿴ǰŵԶгϵԵ֡
ƬغãӢȴͻȻסˡ
㣬ƬҴŰɣһ£Ƭϵ£ǸԶ˵һ±ȽϺá
һϲӢ¾𣬡̹ˣ
Ӣ˵ܿԶȥѦңԶҲƬѦѾ˺Զ
ϢҪͨģҪô˵ɡ

ӢԶҳ˷ȥдСۡ
СۻûõλĽţ˸䣬ǰ̨˵Ҫ301סͬ־鷳һ
˵ͽ302
䣬û֮ǰӢӿܴ͵ʮƬóںԶӣһţдϡ
յʱڷŵģʼһţǺԶӺˮ˹
ȻڵĺԶ֪ƬϵŮһòվǰ¡ƽ˵һ˵¡
л˵
Сʹǿ̫ǰ͸ﻹǽһ£
ŮھΪΪ类ĵŻᵼСӱ¶ʵ滹и⿪ģ
ûô˫̥֮һ͸պô
µС


50 
ȥǸѦҺ, ܸ̹ˣ˫̥ܵܣǱѦҼ, иѵ£ܹߣûǰһˣѵ˫̥, ԽԽѲ䡣
ܵĵܸܵѦܿ磬һԱѵ˫̥Ϊ˼, ѦҾʱûȥ
ܸ˵, ܸܵѦ˽ףٰһ£ѦҾͻ, ܵܵܺܿ, ܴ˵绰Լھ, ׼ѦնϹϵ, ϡ
˲, ˣץ϶ҪΣѦҲܱܵܵץסͰץ˴, ŵܵɱ˸, Ȼøϴ, »ȥ
Ĵһⶼû, 죬ûҲûǣֺڡ
Ѧҵõܵܵѡɱ˸߸ɱ˵ܻܵصǰԱ߻¼ڻƵֵͲ㡣
ôѡ񣬱ɱˣ֤ѦһӵİѱҲûлͷ·ѡ
˶Ը⶯֣Ѧҵ˲ͷˣ㽫Ƕӽ
ܸӢ˵ʱΪԼˣҵʱ룬ռ˼Ҹ壬ҪɱܵܣôôػĻᣬǿҲһա
ʱܵĵܵ˵Ȼźȴ˿ΪҲ޿ɺǣϣǲõܵɱǸ硣
ʱܵȴѵˣѦҵ˵ɣҪ˿ڵĻɱǰٰʬӵǳ̲Ҹʬɱܽ᰸ܰҸɾժȥΪ£ҵ飬ŵķˡ
ûعܷܵ˴ϰŵӣѦ˵
˹ȥУҵܻܵţ
ѦҵһŸ߿ߴߴᣬȥαװҲ鷳ģҪ治ˣ͸ܵȥˣͱ졣
ܺ۾ָӢ˵ҵʱңôôɵԼŲΪʲôѡöԷţһȥ𣿡
仰ӢûԶ˵
Ӣ˵ܶܵܵһֱڻӦѦȥϵʬתͷϵңҪѦҵ֤Ϊܱܵ𡣡
ӢָָʮƬϳֵͬһŮӵĲƬˣϲĲ
ŮӣѦرҪΪƬϻܵܵȥ˶ķӵĵңΪ˷ھͷƬ뿴ܲܰŮ־Ǹùߵģǡײܵܵܣűˡ
ЩƬܴ̽ĻС͵ġ

ԣǸ˵С͵ʵܣ͵ëΪƬ
ԶЩϢǲ˺üûӢϹĲĶ࡭
ҽӢ˵𾪵Ϣ
ЩƬأȫĵģƬ˹ʱڲԶ󣬾Ŀء
ԶǸ˸ӣʻʱ򣬾ȻܵĸһμƵġ
һ˿ɬӢ⼸Ƭûʲô뷨
Ӣһ£˼˹ţǻԺǹﱳߵţ
ԶѵĵͷѵûһԴ𣿡
ӢܸܲԼԴװɡ
ͷһƬ⣬ǻȥѦΪʲôһҪҵŮԭģԺ˵أ
ҲСԶȥ绰ί㱨ԺҲԵץʱ򣬰ץˣ׼ʲôȥ
ӢƬԶóس޵Ĺʺ֤˵ȥоҶΛJ
˳ŵʱ򣬺Զʣסһд
ӢЦſ㣬ҪסҾסд
ԶЦ⣬д㡣

дӢȥоҶΛJ֮ǰϵ˵ģΛJھ֤֤ʣֱ˶Ľ𻨵Ĵ
Ľ𻨲ڼңھӴһ£ھһмֿǹľصĲ²˳ȥռҪ˽ˣҪ˵ѽ治˽ˣĽǸӣ˽ǮҲˣ϶Ҫҫ˵ռҩǮ¡
ӢΛJ˳̸ȥҡ
ͣռſڣѾΧ˲ھӣȺǱϳĽ𻨣賳ܡ
Ӣȥվһߣô£
Ľ𻨱Ͼյףβסŭ
ӢͣĽҪ˽ˣҸ˵ˣⱲӶѧҽˣ˽Эġ
һհְûЭҽ˽ĽЭģεҽݸӲǲͬ˽ˣĽ𻨲衣
Ӣһ£˵Ѿ֤ˣ˹سṩ֤֤ʣҸѾ˴͸ץߡ
Ľ𻨽ʮˣĲȥֻʮ꣬ʱ򣬻ģسһֱǼңĿڹţҲ
ΛJǹֻռ֤ƣģڷͥϸгȥɡ
ΛJĽ𻨴ˣӢΧھӽͣҥԲⲻ
Ľ𻨵ǰ׼ңŮͣ죬ҩûҩʱһûɹس򸾱ˣ·ŵĵطԶȻлɣһֱϵ죬ŸҸ˵Ұְֵȷʵݵģҩû⡣
Ȼҩû⣬ǰϱôģ
Ǽǲ񾭲Ūһϱֻڶͼʲôأ
ӢЩɵ㣬ͽȥ飬϶һжġ
е֤ݻԸĽ𻨶ǰϱ򻹲֪أӢڼϢ죬ȥ顣
ھΣȴҪ鷳Ӣȥϴˢ
תһ룬ӢĹϵѾʤ׽ˣӢôҲȫĵӢ
ⵥӢһߣ˵ӢҰֵһͽܣĽ𻨺ùҰֵ֪ʦֲٸĽҰȥ֮ȥҹʦ֣ǲҽݵҩ浵ˣʦֹģ˵ûС
ӢȵĲУʦֶˣôῴϸͬĽ𻨣
ʦҰֵĴͽܣĽСʮ꣬ĽᣬʦָһʱĽ𻨸ʮͷȥҲʮ꣬ʦеϣʮ꿴ȥʮˣǹ¶֪ôϲʹģ˸Ľ𻨺ˡ
Ұַ֮󣬱ĸĽ𻨶ˣҰ˵Ϸ⽨Ľ𻨵ĶӶȢϱˣĽôҪӵһˣǲټ˵ģοǼ޸ԼСôСӣҪĽ˵ޣҰֲԣܵһ겻֡
ҪǱļ˺֪ʦֿ϶ҪʦֵʱǴӦ˵ģûãͳĽ𻨶ϱҰֿҩе顣
ҽͷӣܱ⣬ˣԼٵġ
һɹʦֵģ䷢ģ˵ôУҲû취ˡ
ӢƨãǸʦΥĵ£ǷҲÿԡ

Ӣȥʦ̸֣˿һСʱթȫթˣӢˣͷȥҽԺСۡ
Ӣ㣬ˡ
СأĽ𻨶ϱȻˣһֱߡ
סǵ˲ڷԷмͣ˴粽ţ꺮ůػûеʻĻᡣ
СۿյζӳʹˣûʳõϢҹ۲ŮˣºԥУ϶֪ʲôģƺǿɷ񣬺⼸΢չˣԥˡ
Ӣ룬ݴʦǱթϢѾƶϳˡ
ʵҸͬ»𣿡
أû취Ūȥʻ
ûҪȥѹͬ־ʣ¼
Сӿ죬Ӣаյģ

ղŲ˵ʲô֪ʲôӰϱϢˡ
Ӣʾϵɳ֤ʼ仰㲻Ҫ񡣡
ҫҲǼҲܺߣǲȥ鰸ӣϱϵ㣬ְֺǰϱڵϱҹȥ
Ӣϻһ߹ȥҫӦأҫµĲӣõϵļû취˵
Ȼɷи飬ˣ㣬ˣſɷҿȰ㡣
ӢɫǸͨŮ弸䣬š
ôƶϵĹ£Ҳŵġ
Ӣ⻰˵̫ˣ֪ǰôģı⡣
ӢŵµҫĸˣӢûҫ²ȱȥ
÷ұıȥҽݣ˼ҩѾָңǳ涼ʣ׵ܽžҪ·ţ÷ϵʮǮ˰裬ֻؼҴǮȥˡ
ԭţЩĹʶɷܣһǧˣټϽʱҸѹ׵ٿ飬Ǿһһǧÿ½Ӽð衣
Ӣʵɲң÷ĸĸûŮŮܺõģֻҪһٰʮ˵ĲȴٵޣѣŮĸһѣְɣ
ͬܣò˵ϱ۹һףѡĶŮƽȡŮܺõļͥ
˵ǿ϶ҪģҵĹǶҰְֵģżû˸Ҹܣ£Ҳһѵġ
Ӣ۵ϵͦÿģǰͷûӣԶ黹Ȣ
Ӣ˵÷ؼҸɷҪǮ˭֪⹷һûУ.Ľۣͬ⣬Ҫ÷ҶϾϵҡ
÷Ը⣬˵Ȼֻͬʣܹ࣬Ǿ飬Щ׬ǮǡĽҪѾϱһ£ͰѶϱɨسţûͬ⡣
ô磬ҪžȻŸ˽ᣬ˹֮󣬱÷ֳˣв˵ܺþۺɢͰӵȥ
ϴ꣬±ھͷ÷ˡ
һܲԵ޹ʾ˰ɣ˿϶Ҫ⽻ģĽ򶨵ĺܣ.˺ͶӰæΣǿл𻯶ϱȻѶϱﵽҰְͷϡ
㣬ô֪Щģ
ţɷ˵ȫһ
ӢЦΪĽǸͷʦְʮСӣϲʮͷĹѸǱݵģʦһֱھΣ˵ҲˣͬļҺ͸̹ˡ
ֱǵģɷ˵ǰ޸ʦֺˣ飬ҪļȫĲƲʧ֮²Űģǵ˭˵Ĳģ
ӢаˣȥʦְɣĺɷΪĸ׵УԼϱãһֵϵʱ裬վͷѰɡ
޿䣬״εɷӢ˵ܣʹҫ˵滰
ѽعѣϱѾˣһô죬ҵȻҪˡ

һ仰ҲķӢһȥҫµľֻ˵滰һ͹ˡ
ˣ˭ܲɷΪ˱ˣԼĿǸ衣
˭ܱ֤һԩĲء
ȫ˵ˣŸϹĶԻ˵س˰ŵϵũӢũһռûҪӹسǱ˵ҩͷӣ϶ǹس͵ߵģ˵÷
Ҿǵô£ҫ˵ǰ͵ˣ͵ĻӢʦ֣ںҪԸļңҲҪ˵
ҵʱܾᣬϾһϾͷܱ͵ҽԺȻɷҹչˣҿڷϣʲô˵ˣʲô£Ĳ֪

ҫ±ϾҪؾָ.飬¼ڹΛJͬºСǰȥӢʦֵסûҵˡ
ھ˵Ӣʦ֣֪˵ʲô˵˿һСʱӢߺʦֹ˺ðųϣȻھӼң͵͵Ԫ˵Ҫȥʦ
ƳЩɲھӼǰĴһЩ
﷢飬ϸ˵ôĽĽ𻨣ʦȰ⣬ĽԹʦ͵͵ᣬĽ𻨵ĵһϱײƣԴҪЮ飬Ľͷ
ϳ˵һʼĽ˵ˣʦֻǶϱ򱻲ĽҪ̡
û뵽һߵҽƾףʦľѸٿôȥˡ
һֱܺڣۿĽҪԵڶϱ֣װ˯ˡ
֮󣬶ΛJȥӢĸķǰչԪĺۼûҵӢʦ׶༪ˡ
СۻЩһһʮӢʵӢ㣬ôʦֿڵģ
ӢĬƬ̣˵õսڲ˵Ľ𻨵ĵڶϱȫˣ˵źɷĶԻҰ׶ӣΪʲôҪĽ𻨺Ұ֣ûˡ
Ϊʦδ齻ǰһģеҽͷӡ

Ӣȥ⣬ԭԭԭ˰
ԭȰʦȥ׵ģû뵽飬⣬Ҳͬǵû취ͬ
úޣʱȻ˵ûɣҲֵͬ顣
ǸʦûɣûˮڱǵʱַˣԼص˰ʹޣ˷ֺ˾

æհְֵİӣϵȻϴˣˣҪȥˣӢڼԷ
ӢհְֵİӰĿ죬ٴҪȥѦǱߣܵϢء
˵ţˣ迴ŮԽԽϲĿ⣬ӲͷƤ¥ϡ
ĵȵǹӺͲ趼ϣŰŹϡ
Ӣܣ߽չôˣҿûʱ䣬ҪǱ߲Ѿ鵽Ǽļɡ
һ÷֭Ĩ˵Ӣ㣬ô鷳ˣѦҼµģҪѦ궫ĲڿᣬҪҪѴģðȥҽԺһǵļˣ
ּҡ롢ɲķŻȷʵͦģ´ȫԱĻ᲻һС
ӢȷϣϢɿΪʲôͻȻҪ뿪᣿
ϢɿѦܿ˵ģ˵ǱԴҪҪ϶ڳſ˵
ܵģӢ᲻尡
Ӣ룬ҽԺô˫۾岻ᶨҽԺһСĵġ
ˣѦܿȻС֪ȴ࣬ҲȥܸѦ֪ȫĨȥؼ䣬ͳˡ
ֽܼţӢ㣬Ҫȥ𣿡
ȻˣսپĨǵļ䣬ǾͳɵĻҺҽѧ޷͵Ĳ֢֢һҲ͵ˡ
˵ϵĻ鶨ߵ㣬һ̽ʲ˵ʱ䣬˶ңȥҲȽϷ㡣
ӢȻдС˵һԶ͸˵Ҫȥסдˡ
ǡúԶд绰˵
Ӣ춼ãȥأ˯

Զ¹Ӫǰ̨ĵ绰ߵЦŵͷʾ԰ŷˡ
Զʮֲ⣬Լ棬㲻±˿
ҲûϵǻΪں㣬ƭԶԶģϾûʱȥҽԺҡ
Զı飬ŶȱȽϸߣʵѦҾǺ⹫Ϊʲô޵ҪһͽһѡҺ
Ȼԭġ˵ȸ˵°ɡ
Զʱ䣬ֱһ̣ȥдϱģȻͱš
˵ЩƬĵģȻӢѾ˵׶ϣǹ𺳵ġ
òҪʱ䡣
֪㲻ƭ˵Ŀ϶滰
˵ʱ乻Ҳӣе֪ˣİɣ£ҴȥҽԺ
⣬»Ҫ游˵𣬰ʮǰиյ˼ңӿ˸̣˼׬˲ӣûжӣֻ˸ŮŮ۵籦ӳ˸ʵֵģŮ
Ů游һڿҿңʮ䣬ֻ˸Ů
游ԼŮӼĳ˸ŮϲŮ˵òӣͷһĺӿԸзա
Ů⹫Զʵ
ԣſеľѦ궫游ʼѼƽŮŮҸǣܴһǸԴġ
Դ
Զͼᱳģܱ߼ûнԴĵطģǸ⣬Ҳ̫Զ
ʵԴʲôطҴûииԴĵط
»мƵԶԴ˰£˵ǸطԴһһ磬˵ˣ
˺ԶԽԽı飬ԳЦˡ
ҲǰȻͻͲЩ䣬ԶʱҾĽ㣬Ľּʣƾʲôأʱ̣㻹ǹš
ԶԴ죬֪ԼôߵǰģҲ֪ԼʲôʱסڣеǵʱȭͷѾҵϡ
˵˵Ǹ˭
㲻Ѿµ𣬾ƬϵŮģȴˡ
л˵
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51 
Զһȭ, ȭͷ˺ѵ򦣬Цֹ
ĵģͿʼܲ, Ҫ״̬ǺĻҲ˵ˡ
ӵĵӿʵ඼ѿˣͷѡ
ʲô
Զӿʲô, ѵǵã
Բ̸⣬ǽ˵°ɣ㶼û, Ҳס
ҵĹʮ, ҵĩʱڵϣȷʵѲ飬˵, Ψһܻȡϵ;, Զû
˵˵⹫Ѧ궫游ӹ, ʼԴ˴򽻵, Ǹ, ηУԴ˶ǳԸ˵ԴǱߵ
Խǲ˵Ѧ궫Խ, Դÿɹʳ, ʵ߲˹ϹжҪ, ֻ, ȫûƽ㣬⹫һ벻ףǲɹ洦ɼʣѹۣ˵ȥûʲô󡣡
Ѧ궫游ԴʲôĶôƽĲ𣿡
游˵Ҳ֪Դ˵ֻںܶǰ±꣬游ڳסһֱ˺þƺòдһºˣԳԴˣ游⣬嵥游׼Ҷ˹أｻ֮󣬲ʻȥˡ
游ʼһֱѦ궫Դ˶ûлɹ̣游˵ϸԴƶıܹ򣬷׬ǮûѶȵ⣬类ˣѦ궫Ҳ붪ôĿͻ˺ıַ֣Щ꣬Դ⣬ȷʵһ˴Ƹ
ĸ׳һ꣬Żˣ游Ѧ궫ܸˣֱ˶˫̥Ů
һϣû˫̥Ѧ궫ʼĥˣǻ᲻֧Ѫй˫̥Ļ򣿡
У˫̥ĻôѦҾͻѪϣͲǹ¶ϣ˼ġ
ҲûףЩĺ֣Ѧ궫ȢϱĳҵĶңеһж游ģĲԼճŮȻ˼ûѦҡ
ԶȻǹ¶ôôȷѦأ
ŶѦ궫иӡ̺õպˣȻȥġ
ԶѦ궫Ȼǳ˴ʣ˲ӡԱԺϡ
ֵܽãǵҲӡԶѾܲµѦ궫ҵѦҵѪס

˵游͵ˣϣȫѦ궫ôǮʼѰףǹôֲ̫ƽҵѪף룬Ǯ˲٣һûҵ
ԽҲԽңѾ˲跹˼ĵزԴ˿ˣиѦ궫˺üԴˣǮҲˣȨҲˣӶһʲôģ
Ѧ궫ͰԼĿ˵˵ٳɹôڡܹҫ棬ȥ¼ڡ
Դ˹Цͬ뷨ǳںԭ뿴Ѧ궫ҵѪ׺󣬻ᷢʲôı䣬Դ˴Ӧˡ
ԶĻԴ˵ţ˼飬Ϊʲôҵ⹫Ѫף
ɰɡ
Զʱ㻹Ϲ
ЦѦ궫ţΪڶ죬Դ˾ͰѪõҵˣַ˦ŽɵѦ궫Դ˴һˡ
Ѧ궫Žɣ游ʱᲡŶ˲ϣһҵĸ磬Ѧ궫ֱ꣬ʱˣ˵Ѧԭǹٻ֮ң̯űüʹܣһֱȥѰҵܵãɸҹӴƶ˵䣬һǮûУʹѦ궫ҹȥʱѾȥһ࣬ʮֳ䵽ؽֵ֣ͷʹޡ
Զķһ¼լ
ЦңѦҿ˶
Ѧ궫ֳһȥãߵǸͣڶûԵ£ӣְҤҵʱø˸ӣ׵֪ĸͣ
ŹĹ⣬ʺԶ²£ֵôõģ
ĻѦ궫ôǮˣȻҪô񣬺Զֲȷˡ
˵㲻µģѦ궫ֵΪ䵽̻̫ˣûͥѦҪؽáҫ棬۵ûʸ׵ģǻΪʴȣ˵ֻҪԲãͰӴߣﺢӱһĸףõֽϣĶӽһ֪ĸ˲ľ
Զҧˣ⹫ֵҪҲҪȥɡ
ЦЦʱĶˡ
˭˵أǿãΪడϴʲô취Щҳǰ飬Һ޵Ҫͽ

˫̥Ů֮ǰԼѦӣѦ궫ѪˣѪҲˣֿʼĥĶ
ָԴЩ꣬Դòû游ĸ룬ǸҵõԴˣǲˣҪ鵤ҩפഺ
ԴֹЦĶѦ궫ȤȷʵҩǺֻܹ⹫֧
Զ룬Ѧ궫ѾôǮˣֻҪԴ˵ⲻϣǮԴҪģӦòǮɣ
Ͼÿν㶼ûƽԴ˲ȱǮȱǱĶ
˿Զһ˼ѡ
Դ⹫Ҫģ˫̥֮һ
ԶȣΪʲôֻҪһӤǸӾһΪʲôҪҵģ
˵ΪԴҪԣǸѦҴ˼ʮĽҪܿƵļѡ
ϾǸճŮѦ궫ЩԥԴǸʲôĵطǱߵܳ𣿡
Դûлش⣬ǸѦ궫һöϵҩȥĳεľʯɫݲƯȱʯ󣬳һöЧҩһӲ֪ʲô⡣
Դ˵Чҩӻòϵ˥ϣ˱øЩҲǺöȻѳԣǿǿʣǿãκβҩãЧҩܹһ£ЩҲܳһ£ǸѦ궫һµĿʱ䡣
Ѧ궫ŽɰѾʯ״Чҩˣϣ;˼άݣԭҪ˱ĺЩ쳣ѳԣιóԵĳ̶ȣѦ궫ҧһһ٣ֻ˼ʱ䣬ЩͶЧˡ
Ѧ궫ûоһڵҹδҹưؼҵʱٵģһȭʹ򵽽ٷѪ
Ѧ궫Ļŭţһ֮ԴȴûЧҩЧˣȵڶµʱҩЧȫʧѦ궫ĲУеĿԴٸҩȻʮ꣬ԴκûУ֪ôȥңǵĲ跹˼
µʱԴڳˣ˶Ѧ궫ǵô
ʱ˵ҪӣҪţԥĴӦ˸ӣԴΪʲôҪ˫ֿ̥Ҫʲôԣ
Դû˵Դ˲ܳʱ䶺ߣߴȥԴˣֲһ¾ͻʵ飬ճӤȥСþʯã
⾧ʯиãǿ˫̥֮Ӧ˫̥֮һȥҲҪһ£һʱգ˫̥ûиӦˡ

ԶʱףеԴˣѹģѹ֮ǰһֱҪ󵼣ǱĬԴɡ
ԶʵԴˣʲôƽ˰ɣ
ֵˣҶʾôˣһӦΪʲôɻأ
ԶĶʲôɽ硢硢ħ磬㲻ǳǵЧҩԵӲ˰ɣҪħ¼ǧʷܵȵ֣
ҭ˵Ļֹһ䣬Ҳ벻ƽɡ
ԶĽ͵ŶϱǰǸĴѧңӴ֪ʶȽϹ㣬ÿܶӼȥǱߣСϲһЩѧ֪ʶҫңʲôƽۡۡڶըԵϱǰ֪ʶԨҸäƵģǷĺܡ
أΪܸӶЩ⣬ҾһЩ·ŵϵũĽڣ˵˵ЩϿѧƽһʱյˣʲôŵɽ磬Ҫ֣ʳҪͨмɳ𣿡
ԶԣҪѦ궫Ҳ룬ûкһˡ
Զͷߴٵ˵
ʱ̲´Ѧ궫յŮԴ˴ȥź游˵˫̥һ游µѦ궫ĹˣҲܲ˫̥һĴˡ
ӣû˹ܵѦ궫̸Ѧ̣ʼιԾʯ
Զû뵽⹫޳ܵǸزյŮߣѦյģװռ̣һѪû˼
գĵ̵ա
ȻŭԶûд̸˵ȥ

˵Դ˲һΣÿöЧҩһӵĲ⣬ǸѦ궫˵밴ʱڸЧҩȵ´һζЩʯз䡣
һأǸѦ궫ʵĽǿʵģҪÿ춼ԣһڳһؾܴﵽǿЧѦ궫ڷ֮ðûйĴżаȥͷ󺹣һ֮ڣȢ̫̫
ԶѦ궫жãǱܵĶ֮ͣضиá
Ƕ˫̥ĸ׺ʹ̡
ʵǺأĸ׺ʹ̣Ĳ˾Ӧ𣿡
ͷ֮ĸ׾ξε̾£ͬģҴӦҲεĸ׵ľԴҲˡ
Զ֮ô˵ǵʵɹˣ̵Ǳ֮󣬱ˡ
ĬһᣬѻյѦҡ
ֹʮ꣬ĸеŮĺӸѦգҲ˫̥ҵĴͱԴ˴ߣĸ׽ܲˣΪ˷Ѧ궫͵͵ͣҩ
ͣҩ֮ĸ÷ǳĸһȲ˻þܰҴ̵ľԼģ˵С䣬뿴磬Ȼĸһδε͵ܳȥѦ궫ֻܰԺֻĸڼ
һҹĸ״Ӿﾪѣй׷ݶʧݼˤһֱ룬ھǷӡ񾭲
ʱѾˣļǵãĸ׸յʱû͸
ҹڴĸСĸ׵ĸ첲һδδﻬ䣬һֱ˵ʲôſߣ˺üңͣ˵ţҪҩҪҩҪǸҩǿϧҴӳͿʼˣСʱ򲢲ףԴһ㣬֪СЩجΣһֵܣһľ
֪ǲȥҽԺĸһСʱѦ궫ͣǸϣֻʧ˵˾䣬Ķ
Ҹĸףֻ䵱õĶѦ궫һ볤˽ֻԼˡ
˫Ŀ죬֪˰ɣΪʲôһҪѦ궫һ͵ȥ̫ˣܣһֻᱻܿصĵطͨ˶Ӵǻǵ³

ľȷʵǳܵģѦ궫Ѿԡ
ԶǸǸ䲻ľһҪһ£ΪʲôƬЩֳ
ıЩӣԽԽ棬𽥿ʼͣҩͣҩĸȷʵܣ쳣ңεһЩرΣһʼΪⶼֵƽľ
ǰɣεиŮ˺һ˾˹Ҿǿֵƽ翴£û̫⡣
ԶֹסķûƲĻǵһƬϼ¼£Ƕαļ䡣
ȻźһѾı顣
һڴϣȻǸŮˣ㲻Ҫңԣ㣬ҵʱҲܺµĺòã
Ҳ֪ʱ䣬ֻ֪̫ϣһеӰӶḷ́ܶǾǽӽ磬ԣҾ͵͵㡭ҲҪңûҺҴСʲôʲӵЧҩбǿˣĺԶһֱ㷢Ǹɽεĺ
֮أÿ춼ǰ뿴᲻ᷢŵ˰ңȥһɽ档
ҵʱý϶ҪȻ˼Сʱʮ֮ԭƽĺˮͻȻȻ벻ôȥģ޷˵ȥˡ
˹ʱƬҵʱûаѦ궫֮ξʾ½½ʮţƬģֻΣһǾһ㡣
ȻˣεһֱǹＴҪ£ֻǡóֶѡ
һֱŵģǰͻȻʧˣҴξƬϵĹ㱻ŵĵطǻ˺ܶ취ȥ̽Ѧ궫ѹֻ֪Լ͵͵ȥ飬ŵ֪ʧġ
ԶײſסѾ֪ƬϵĹǸˣҹѺĵطʧģôҲͻɣұ˭ȥƽ磬ǲ̫˼ˣ
ܷ꣬⣬Ҳ֪ô£ֱһεǸŮ֮󻹻һΣǱġ
ǰ˺ü죬ȻֵȵһΣȥĺѹߵʱ򣬻ϵѪ
ȻŮʱ·ߣʧںڰȫס벻׵ʱѦ궫ˡ
ԴѾаûˣˣԼҲƭѦ궫ŴҷѳƬѵѦܿĲϣвҲ˵ʵһƬƬƬȥι
Զ˲ȥԼôᱻԴ£֮ʲô
ţҲţܸɳɥ£
ľ֪ΪЭˣЭ֮󣬲ŷƬѦֲܿ״ģºҳϣ⹫ݵĿơ
֮Ͳٳҩˣգ˸ֹһ죬Ǹﻹӵһγֵĺ

ԶôĹ£ʲôûУǲѾµƬϵĹģ˵˵ϢҪͨŶ
ԶҪɣ֪Ҳ㣬⹫˵ҪһѾŪǹ䣬Ҫ˵
֪Զ֣ƭǵģѦ궫һֱţҵǹȥԴܳҲƭǣôǰϼһһ𣿡
֪Դ˶ȥѦ궫ĲᣬϽȥ׼¼豸ǵ̸¼Ȼռ֤ݸǼϼһȫץ
ԶͲǣһ磬Ҳøץ
ںҸǺԵңһܺأ˳ҩΣҲûʲô£ʲôҵŮа취֮˵ǻܷɱԴǸֲء
ԶˣôԴ˸²ŹһʣһʲôƵģԼ˵Ѿûˡ
Ѿ˸СʱͷƺȲˣš
Ĳҹȥѵһ죬˷ĩ
ͷϢ
Զ۵⹫ڲǼ̬û𣿡
Ҳֵþʧһ㣬Ƿҡ
ˣȥƸ·˦ǵĵ̣׼ãʮ֮ǰҪҽԺһȡʮӵʱòţǰȥðɣܴѦ궫֪Ļء
Զ±Ѿˣ͵ֻʮӵʱ䣬Ҫ·û㱨ƶѾǹġ
ЦĺΣˬܾˣǹġ
ԶҧУʮ׼ʱңʱܶģ
ģܶĶͶĶʵڲУͨܵˡ

ӢѾҽԺͣʬˣضһ˲
˵Ӣ㣬ҵʸǲμӽĻ飬ҾҽԺӦ㡣
Ӣȥɣñ˿˲ý͡
ЩģӢ˵ûµģ£ûܵģҲ׸Ӱ·ٶȡ
ܣ
ЩԥӢ㣬ܾЩһ˿ʵЩŵġ
ӢЦ۾Щʲô
ܴ˸䣬һ뱻ӢĨȥ˼䣬ûûʲôʲôˣڼҵ㡣
˼ӣлӵлһҴҸϹҽԺҽһ׻ʿ
ѣѰ򿪣ϿʿϣҴȥѦ궫Ĳ
ӢһѸٻ·һ߸лɩӣллˡ
Ҹ˵ͲѦⲡĹŹ֣һ˵ǲ鰸ӣҿ϶ϰ㡣
ʱ䣬ʮ֣ѦıӴȥˣҰ㿴ˣ¹ܲˣ¹ȥ
Уץɡ
ӢѾ·źҽԺʿһķͣϿֺͻʿñºԶ˿վǰƶϲ
ҽͻʿװ磬һ·ûע⡣
ȻûˣӢ¹񣬱׸һ£ͣ˼룬˽ȥϹš
Ƭ̺΢ĽŲ
Ӣסҳ¾ˡ
л˵
۵С죬ʮСʱ̨һ


52 
¹ϲһбľҶ, ܿϵⲿռ䣬濴¹档
ӢϴƵݣʹ, Ҫٿڶۡ
Ǹȥº޺ˣڶӳʲôֵʱ˵С
ڿģֵܰɣһģһ
ͷ۰ɫ¹, Ӣŵú󱳵Ź壬һ̾Ҫţŵҳ
л˵, Ѧ궫סԺʱ¹, ˵ײģɹײǺŶԡ
˭Ҳᷴ˺ü䵥˲, Ѧ궫, ߵһ׷˷һ׺ɫ·¹, 
¹, ǲ˵Ѧ궫򿪵ġ
ھͲ˵, Ѧ궫ȥˣ˿̲ڲӢû뵽Т䵥ܻ
ӢŵеʱǽĲ˼ߵ
Ƕȿ, ǵ׼䶼ڶ¥, סԺ¥, Ǵ¥ģ
ڴ¹ջĿ, СЧҩڳˣžͷ¹΢ĺˡ
첽ߵߣ򿪴Զϴ̨ýԾ
̽ͷ¿ۣԶǴ¥ģûֲϣҲûעסԺǽѴغá
ԶŻмӵļ϶
һס˲ٲˣѦ궫ѡڲĻܻ飬±Ҹڲ͵𣬻һôˣ治ע𣿡
ҷЦֻܱţĻ
ҸڵĲѦ˰ԲˣѦ궫סԺ£½סģѦˡ
ԶҽԺһװǲܵģᶼвɣ
סԺЩˣѦҵĺȫԹЧҩԴϵѦ궫ϵĴˣһһöһöٵһö翪ʼˣƵסԺҽԺĳͣ֡
۰ɫ¹Цܰʱҩÿ˵ĸòһͱңμƬǹδ飬Ҳкóʱûεˣǹʲô£
Ѧ궫Ƕɫ֪⣬Ѱɫɺɫɫɰɫ˵¹ǺɫģײģԣҲʲôͨܵˣ¹ŰɣѦ궫ǰ¹ġ
¹񱻺ԶĵһӢ
Ӣûü˵ǣһ¹űһ˫ˣĿԣ¹˺ͷ˶ͦεġ

ԶȻ俴ϱһ¹𾪹Ӧ죬¹ֻһ룬סߣ¹ֱ¹ǵռȫռˣ˳ֻ˹š
ͷ
治ǺԶϱûгȻȲļȥɣ
¹ʾ⺫Զ׼ãϷųȥˡ
¹ĿռСӢ˼ֻӲͷƤкôɰҲأ
Զ˵õ˯أ
Ӣ˵Ĳ񣬾Ƕ¹ҺôǱԱ㶼˵ʵ
ԶЩǸһǷֱʱһûί㱨ͻȻңҽ㱨쵼Ѿ֪ͨˡ
Ӣ֪Ǹ壬Զ˵˶Ѧҵ
ӦϸԶ¹Ѧҵܻ飬ӦǽѦҸԴ׵¶˵ˡ
˫̥֮һȥԴ¶˵ˣûҪĨȥѦ궫ǼˣԴؼˡ
ӢԶ㶵ҶԶһɤʣʲôء
Ӣ˵жˣҿʲô
Զ
ӢڴöѤľ˳ղ͸֪Զϣб޾˵
谵¹ﻹܿһģһ޾ˣ͵ȵģõǾżԴǱ߹Ҳ᲻øѦҺõģˣǵҲܲˡ
ӢʣĶⶫ
Զ͵͵˵ģ˵Դ˸ЧҩҲһЩ˵ҩָܻ䡣
Ӣ㲻Űɣ㿴ѦһסԺǳҩĺ֢
Զûԡ꣬ˡ
ӢҲ˽Ų
͸¹бդܿһˣӢǱ߿ƬԶҲṩƬֱͷ˵ݡ
ǸϰʮαƽѦ궫εǸʮ긾ˣ˵֪ʲô˶ãʮѦҵӶˣȹѦ궫ܵΡ
СѦܿնʮͷμļ飬ٱѦ궫۰
ʣµһһŮʮҵˣеѦ궫õĶӣŮѦ궫ŮѦ궫ֶŮ
ˣĿǰѦ֪Դĺˡ
ӢֻҪԴļĨ´󼪣Ȼϵӡ
֪ȫ˺ԶûҪһˡ

ѦȨѦҵıķ˾ˣôһķμôҪĻأ
Ѧ궫ϵ͸˥ܵ
˵þŮһЧҩЧЩ궼ܷ䣬һδ©ûУԸ˶ҪڼչңҪûʸ񡭡
Ѧ궫һڳѦѪǶûʸ񡣡
ѦȨֹһ䣬ѦѦˣŵù
Ѧ÷æѻӦʣµҩⶼˣԴǱߵʲôʱܿˣ
Ѧ궫˼£ø˼º󱳣һ¿ˮȡһ̴ľСӣóһöʯ״ҩѦ궫¡
ִ֮򿪱ͰһѦ궫ȥ
ȫûһ˸˵
һֱѦ궫⣬ѦȨСԹ˾ˣûʱأôǰҩˣ
Ѧ궫ƺָЩ˵ΪдҪȥûø˵ɡ
˱죬ҪҪҩĴ£þȻǰ֪ӣùϵȽϺõѦ÷鶼
Щʲô顢ʲô̬ȣԶޱ飬˿
ĵƺֻѦ궫
õ濴ֳľѾȷƬǸŮȷʵѾߡ
ϢѦѲµѦȨ֪ʲôã˺ö취Ҳ
ֿʼԼֵ񶨵ķ
ŮðմԴŰôںպģǰպĸˣͺá
һ̸ƬϵŮӢ͸оߵڼơ
˿߬ľʯӢ̯û˾ʯѳֲסˡ
ԶΣӢд֣Ұ㡯֮Ӣͷ̲סЦˡ

̸ڼ
Ѧ궫ٴηԶ⣬ѦҶ𣿡
ѦȨʲôأҲſ֮ȫȥԴӡ
Ѧ궫еڣõĶӴȻҰ־Ұ֣á
ʱ˵ξѾƽ룬ֻҪԴǱߴݵҪͺãҪ֦ˡ
ʲôϢ
ԴѾҵ취ٿһţֻһ˹ҵƬŮĸŵӺ͵ص㶼ȷˣĸǵġ
һĸѣĿϳѦȨš
˵Դ˵һģѵǲԴˣ
ڳĶԴäĿĳݣǱ˵ǿ϶ԡ
ѦȨȲˣ֪ƬŮĸʲô
ñľҶһֻ۾ûʲôرġ
ԶݹԴǺܵģƬϵŮȴɼĸС
ǸǸˮŮ˰ɣ
첲ͻȻʹԶͷӢͷϣ첲ƺûʶ
ԶĬĬ̾סϱķӢꡣ

Ѧ궫ܽ˵ʱصȵӣûԴȥָصˡ
ѦȨЦһ֪ǵ棬Ƕ˼Ϣġ
Ѧ÷ԥ壬ҪϾ
ѦȨˣѦ÷֦
СӻǷǣŲģҪȻĻ˾Ҳ᲻μӡ

ͷһᣬѾֹͣˡ
ӢҪôȥʱѦ궫Եҩˣ״̬˺ܶ࣬˵ҪԺ
ӦȥԴͳ֮ǰָЧҩ
Ѧ궫ҪԺζ䲡գӢԶлȥ
˸˿Ѧܿ˵⹫ﻹѣҿ°ɡ
ֱӿţҪʾѦ궫
Ѧ궫ҩɫ֪Ѿָһ㣬Ĭǰɫ¹֮ûͬҲûԡ
Ѧܿ¹
ӢѾ˾ҪǱˣֻܸѦˣһȫˡ
ȻܴѦ궫ѽ˵ʱ͵صڳ
ʱǸޱĻͻȻڵŵ·ǴµģĶҪؼˡ
˵꣬ҲѦܿķӦֱѦ궫ȥˡ
Ѧܿ˲¹ס¡æ׷ȥ
ֻʣѦ궫ֶŮ˻࿴˿Է˳ۡ
ѦȨԼжܾøѦ÷һͷѦ÷˵ѦȨƲҰ֡
ѦȨղŸҪ̨һŮģѵӼ𣿡
ʵѦȨȥԴѦ궫Щ˶ȥԴӺѦҵķӺͲƲˡ
Ѧ÷ǸѦȨͬĿģɱˣҲѦˣ¸գˡ
ƨҿǾ˾һģ˾˵ļҵȻҪˡ
Ѧ÷ûأǶ׵
ѦȨЦѦˣȰ㻹ǲҪѺ֧ңԺֵܷȡ

ͷ壬ˣӢԶ¹һӢкԶ㳷
㻹Ӵߣ
Զͷأ
ӢָָԼһĻʿ˵ҵȻӴߣ㣬һùشǸɱģƺġ
Զܰɣ
ӢҪǸˣðƬӷѳܴƬ͵ˣԴѦҵˣüܵϢƭڣ㲻ỹǶɵӱлɣ
ԶһʣȻԶԡ
УҽԺ㡣
ã΢Զһ㣬ȥһվ̨Ǳߵȡ
Զ뿪Ӣ˴¥µһ㣬Ȼȥл仹·ҽԺȥҺԶ
ʱ򣬺ԶѾվ̨ˣӢ֮ǰ¹ʱ򣬾˲е¼ʣʵ¼𣿡
Զ˵·ϼˣͦġ
ίϵɣô죿Ӣʵ
Զ˵ԽѾˣߵĹʱƽ֣ʱرС飬ίֹһȥʱָӲ
Ӣûޣ벻ȥûɣϳʱ򣬲ŷֶûǮԶЦǮĩ๫ĳƱ

Զί㱨ʱӢһֱû˵ƽΪӢΪǾԵʣ
ӢӣôظĸӣϵǱ߹ͬ˿꣬ʱ򣬴ؿ࣬˳ȥ飬ȻϵͬѧЩȡЦǴػóɼѹ
ûӢԶҲӡ
ƽӢǸмΣԲӢκһΪ
ɫʵСͬ־ʲôҪֻҪᣬ룬Ҫ󡣡
Ӣعæ˵л֯ʲôˣûʲôҪ󣬾£εİӸһǵĶֱϾͨˣͻ״֯ʧ£Ӧ𣿡
ƽʧֻӦˡ
Ӣͷã֪ˡ
ԶίǱƶļƻӢһԴ˯ſϢ
ƽӢߣǰλӷ̫ˣѹʺԶǣƽˣϱŻ˰ɣ
ԶҲֻǾ鷳ɡ
ӢˣҲûӦΪ˯źˡ

ֵ̫ˣӢ˯ˣԶѵʱѾ΢΢ˡ
Զ緹Ӣ緹ˣд˯ɡ
ӢͷŶʵǶֺˣ
ԶʱأдϢȥǸ塣
ѦǱô죿ڲ֪ʱص㣬϶Ҫ˶š
ͬ½涢ء
ӢҲҪȥܣ˴ָӲȻдСѾſڵˡ
Ӣ㣬ˡ
ôˣӢС۽ͻϵȥС۲벻ˡ
ȥӪ緹ʱиŮ˸һţת㣬ҲҪ໰˵ˣҪܡ
С۽ˣͷһȦȷû˸٣Żдû¥緹ſڡ
ص䣬С۰ŽӢĺŷûдκ֡
ӢһǸŮ˵ߺòС۵ݣڲĵѦ궫εĻá
С˵ȥƱȻϵ˵һһھд졣
Сͷųȥˡ
ӢţԶ˵ǻøӢģĵһԵӢŸꡣ
˵ʲô
Ӣò˼飬ҪǺԼȥĹϸ̸
ԶǹĹҲĵضˣ
ΪݵԭǣҰɣ
ӢżݸԶԼжϣҾòᣬǻΪʲôҲҪѦҲúأ
Զ²֮Ϲȥ֪ˡ


53 
Ӣ˸绰֮, ȥ˵ܡ
ֱȥܣѦҵľ
ûж, ȥվ˵ϻ˹ֲˣȥ￴
°ȥǡӢҲ, ˵ҲһԷ
У˰ȥ
ȻѦҿ֮, Ѧܿر, ˵дչˣܻأôõĻ, ӢôҲûǵؼĨ, ϶бͻ
ͬüȤС, ǿ, ûûµһ, 㣬Ůˡ
ܣǺǡǺǡ
˰ֱңûſڽ˵ȥҳ¾ȥˡ
ϳʲôɵ㶵ġ
Ц, Ǵ, Ҳó, ǲܶ, ԱҪ
˿棬һڰɡ
һ⣬Ѿ൱ˡ
⻹˼ɰһߵĵӢԵһָһͣԵ㡣
˯һ綼ûԣҹҪɽԵ㡣
ܣĸɰӢԵʣһӢʣøġ
ҧ˿ĺɰ㼫ˣʵӢ㣬ʲôͻ¼ôûѦҵأ
Ӣ˿εǸ壬֪ȫ˺ԶԶҴһ¹쵼˸ʱӦС飬ǵļƻҲҪĸġ
ͷ󣬡զ죬Ҫɣ
ᣬǻ֪Ǵ£˵ΪܵܵҵңҪϵߣѾͬˣѦҵİӽ㻹ء
ǻͦõģܾҲ
ллӢ㣬Ǹʲôÿ𣬻᲻ƭǣ
Ӣ룬ֽ죬ҾòᣬϹȥ֪Ҳһȥ
ʱ䶨ҹصڽĹĹܾԼϻذҹԼӢȥĹ棬ȷʵͦġ
ֹ񾭲ɣȥĹҪҹӯ}ûŰ
ӢЦ㵨ӱСŶ
ܲ˼ͷΣûУֻǿʼϰߵѡ
ܸؼ֮ǰͻȥˣӢ˷ʱ仹磬ԶҲû绰˯˻ᣬʮʱ˹
̨¿飬ŤͷЦҪҪҹ
ӢЦõҴţҹ¶ˣһܳԡ
һڴɣɿ˵ŵӵʱ򺫾Զ绰˵˯ˣ˵˯ͷɽ档
Ӣͷ¥ʱ򣬿հְֺ跿ûеƣ˯ˣųţгŵġ
ﳵĹҪһСʱʮӵӣ˶ʮӣܵٶȾ
Ӣһ£ܣ̫ˣҪǿ
ܣ㣬·ҴΪ·ûܣ·ˣȻˡ
ӢҪˣȥ
ܣﳵˣ֪˻Դ𣿡
ᡣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ֪Ҳϲ̫ģ㲻ϲͣԴҲġ
ܣ

ҹĹĹʵͦɭģӢܶģС滹ں¡
ԶѾڵˣԶ˵ɽµɽָĻص㣬Ѿأ£Ҳ˴
ӢתͷϤףȻһģһȴһ
ǸαװǴ塣
Ӣ˭Ҳ̫ˣܵϢ

֪ΪʲôܾúԶϱϤĸоԾͻ뵽ǸüεĹ
һǸ˵ϸϸĹ
ӢһڣȫƻеıȽϣװͰ²ŮˣƬĹ
ûôֵ֪ܣƭأ
һߵָص㣬һĹǰͣ
Ĺ޵ͦõģֻˡϡ֡
ĹΧͦɾģӦ˶ڴɨ
Ӣʵ˭ҵĹ
˶ҡͷʾֻ֪кԶ֪˭Ĺ˲һ£Ѧ궫ÿ궼Ĺǰݡ
Ӣ᲻Ѧ궫Ǹ乴ֱã
ˣܰɣô֪
Ӣ治˵岻֪֪˲ء
ˡ
ǸлõʲôʱŮˣŴ
ʮһʮ֣ԶûԼʱ䣬ٵȵȡ

ʮʱ򣬹ȻһͷȫᵽԺٲһӵŮˣźɫȹӣʽеӣϻſײ
ɭɭֲֿҪ¹»ӰӣܺҪŻȥˡ
˻త׳ȷԼʶǸá
Ĺȹǵġ
ͬ⣬Ѧ궫ߴ˵ģ̬
Ѧҵµʱ䲻̣Ϊ˲Ц߽ЩҸյҵ˵ɶˡ
ĹǰһȦϵı鶼û䣬ɤеɳɳƸУӢЩε˰
һԶһиսѣϵ
Ӣʣ˭
ԶֵͲԶһ£ǹ
ӢҲûɶ˵ģһֱԵӪʺͺԶ۽ȥսѵ¹ڻĻᣬضҪʻá
ȹҲˣӢʻã˵Ҫ˺ҲҺԶŶԣΪʲôдŸң
ýҿϵİ鲼ó¯ٵ˰ݣƵҲˣĻǿһ¡
Ӣ̲סҲѽѦ궫εˣȹҲ㵱Ůô֪ⲻµȦأ
ÿӢ˵仯Сģǣ
ĳ⣬ȴ˵⻰ŻˣΪʱ͵ص㣬ҹĹĹ
Ǽǳ
ϸĹǣ֪Ĺ棬ʲô𣿡
Ӣͷµһ㣬Ѧ궫ǸãʲôϵңĹйϵСʱȹ㣿
˵ʱҾߣѦ궫࣬һ·һ·ҪҪѦſڣѦ궫ҳмΣһ뷹ԡ
Ӣ
õͣѦ궫ǸѦѦȨҪ߰꣬Ҳ˵Ѧ궫ãСͱȻûþ˸ӡ
ص̾ΪʲôҪȵڲűѦ궫ߣеǻŪ
˵һʼҲģҸˣڵһᣬѦ궫ϣ䵽ĻᣬǵĽ룬ҿϣҾѦ궫

ÿ˿ޱЩ仯Ѧһ߻ħ񾭲Ҳˣ⺢̫ˣһˣת
ٿԶҲ¹ҪҰڣȥ
Զ

Ӣɲҹڷص￪дᣬʵ˵ƬŮĸĴ̣˵˵ɡ
Ҵ̣ôͳŮĸˣ
ӢڲҪ⣬û˵
õ´ʱ򣬾ͱԴ֪ǱߵˣôʵߵӤ𣿡
˶ЩҲ²⣬ֻкԶ֣ϱ΢΢ͷ
Ҳӣ˵ιЧҩÿ¶ӤһѪһԴ˵Ѫͨ˿϶ܲˣЧҩͿԣѪü֮棬˲˼ǲͣҩһͣиá
桭ģ̵ִûгϡ
֣
õ̺ĸ˫̥ҳмǣѦ궫̬Ҹ˱ߵĴŮ֣ҵŮ㵽ο壬ֻԼ
˵̸Դ˻Σ͵͵ˣ˳ܵĺѣ˵ԴץһЩи˹ǵѪԻѪЧЩ˿಻ԣɣҲҪ޹֮˵Ѫˣͼƻܡ
һڶʮǰһҸ˵ȥͻԺٹˣһϵСӤûˣȴ˵סĴԣֻҪûȥܾȡ
ҲƬϵСȥȻӤ
˶ܾȣѦҺԴһֱѰҵŮˣôҲСѪ󣬲л᳤ô
˭ѪЩʹ࣬ѳܵİɣ
뵽ԼǸֵܣӤʱڴⳤô࣬һʱͷĺҲЩ
ֻкԶע⵽Լϱͫûо۽ϱڴó׼ıɣ˺װ͵Ӣ
˰ɣ
Ӣգ۾С
Զʻã벻ףǰѦ˸ϵ·㣬ȻûüץŮһֳѦֱŪңһ𣿡
ý͵Ѧ궫Ǹˣ¶Լ·ʱûץŮôںһá
ʱһֱû˵ĹҰʣǸԶһŮأô£ĺȡ
Ϊ˾ˣǿ˵رսѵ
ˣЩ˴߻ԵĺԶŮʣһֱ֮󣬲ҵ˵طѺ쾫ĺԶ
ŮѾˣѾˡ
Զȴ˹ؼļ䣬ôģʧȥ˭Ѻʱʲôȫǵá
ִΪԶӱβżװʧ䣬ټλսѣһֱڻҪŪࡣ
ЩĿͣ
ǸŮѦ궫ϲһ.ˣѦ궫ֶŮƽʱȻԸһȨһŽᣬǸŮףŹȥܵ顣
ƫƫϵѦ궫ôǰŮ˴ߣй¶ܣϲҲֻ֣Ϊʡ
˸طѺѦ궫Ϊ˲ϳŮˣá
ʵѦ궫ֶŮµԴеãѦ궫ħˣ̫ˣ˭Ҳ赲볤ϵġ

ڹĹֵúӦǸŮĸѦȳ
ĸǴƽ类ͻģܶӦöܽ
ʱ䣬Ӣٻһϵ
ӢԶ˵֮ǰϵӡ
Զ治Ӣðգʵȥһܸܸ̾Ȼھеžͺá
ӢеֺԶ̬ȣЦŵҿǳɳġ㿴Ҳİӣ쳣˳һˣҿ϶Ҫȥġ
ԶȰӢֹ˺һᣬ˵Ҹһϵ
ʱ򺫾Զʱ£ˣùӢ˵һ
վ̨ϣ̬ȱ֮ǰúܶˣӢڲϵ͸¶Լ٣ȥ͸Һܺãһؼҡ
Ӣۣʵʢ׵Ѧ궫ŮѦ궫ŮȻûŮĵܣʢЭǴ̽Ϣ
ͷ˵쵼Ѿˣ֪ģвëһ򱨸תҵɷһ
Ҳаɣɻ˸ĹµĻᣬӢ޻˵
ǣҵĻŬԼȥŵԵİɣ
ӢܾˣɣԼȥ˵ɡ

͹֪ϣѧûؼңһмʮԶʱ򣬿ĴƮ
᲻Ƕˣ
֪Ҳûǰ绰֪ͨء
ôһǣһСģɿܻؼңѾĲһǰԵķˡ
裬裬
ǿݷϵķˣֱ۷һ˵ӢĻ
Ӣ˸˳ƱСߣ쵽ˡ
Сӳ죬ŷֱʮ죬ȴокüˡ
ˣһһˡ
аҪѽ˲ӲҲܵӢְأְôû
˸һ
ߴߴӢ˵⼸ĸڼҷ£޾ϸ
˵Ҳ֪ǼΪǺã岻ڵʱҲԼչԼ⼸ǹͦõġ
ӢЦô룬ҲͷˣȻһֱչ˵ܵãҲչ˺Լ֪𣿡
ÿҶú£ú񽻴ƵģԸҼ䡣
Ӣѻ˵϶°һԷ
ǡøڵʢţⶼʮˣû绰ҺӪϵûϵأ
Ӣĵ˭֪أʧˣˣ֪֯ͨ¡
ʢ룺Ӣ⻰ʲô˼
ӢЦ˼ܶνС飬пɲص
Űҩû˸ԺزģҲĺˣܶãֻܵ»Ұˣ˵˵ⲻǵµ򣬲ŵµĶ𣿡
ʢɫҰףӢ

ûһ°ˣʹıӢˣϸ˯ȥ
Ǻ͹˲Ӳӿɲɣã֪ΪʲôҪӢ˯
ӢСｲ£һңԶ磬һЩˣӵһֱ˫ޣϲץЩˣץȥͬͬͻ޵ͬ࡭
Сĳ񣬺֪˯ˣӢ˵ܣС˯ĸ
Ȼͷ񣬰ǱռǱóȥ
϶类ȥἷһϣӢء
Ӣ˵һ⼸ھз飬ȻռǱ
еҪ´λز鷳ռǸԶ𣿡
ﾯֱ̫ãӢڽء
ҡͷҲӦ͵Լˡ
Ӣοҿ϶ֻԷһ
ǲϣ룬ǣҵĻһԼŵԡ
ӣӢͻԼ졣
˵Ӣ㲻
ӢΣֽᡣ
û£ҾϸգҪӵ棬ĸ˳ǻصĲ໹ܿţǿһ˹һɣҵڷʬ壬ڸʲôʵ飬ӵĸ֮ұ롭ûȥһˣ֮󣬿ռʵһֱڡ
Ӣ˵˵ϱѦ궫ޣֶʮ꣬ҿ״ˣϱΪʲôޣ
Ǹ˸һǮˣҽӴǸ壬Ǹϣǻ᲻ֿܣԴҵʬ壬ЩܿŵƷӴĸҲˡ
ɴ۾ǿˣܰɣǸռĴ󻵵ǱĨ𣿡
Ӣ˵ֻĨˣԴǸ緢ʲôҪӵĸ֪ҵûȥһ˵׼ҵáԼʬٵ׼ҲϱӿѦңܵյٷ
л˵
1-2ᣬҲ»
µС


54 
ڼס, Ӣ϶˵¡
м俪ʼ͸ĸƶ, ĸǸʦŸһЩССʹҲĸŮ
ҷ֣һЩĸƵ˴ķָǼһ, ˵ʵıĺѳԣ, Ϊ˾ͻ, ٺǻһЩʯĸס
أС岻̫, ĸÿ¶Ѫһָ, ҾͻܣҲҪ, ĸ˵, һֺܺĲ, ϣһ£
ʵѪʹ, ǲϣĸÿ¶ΪʧѪ
ֹ˼, ĸ׵ԽԽ, ȻǰĸƵĸ, ʼĸףǵѪһָҡ
һѪһˣǵѪĸ׵ѪˣҴǿ󣬻˸ĸһܣĸ׵ãҲܿԼˡ
ĸҸЩӣǸŶһ߸ˡ
СܶʱĸͲȥˣ͵ȥҲУĸһأƶߣѾ΢ԼҪҷģԲȥ
ĸʱҲ֪ô£ֻܸҵСӳԱΪ߸ˣһһ˭Ҳֿܷġ
ѾˣЩӢǽͷˣӢĸȹˡ
ػĲӢĿռܣӢӢĸ䡣
ػܣػƽ⣬ԴЩˣͨ˺ˡ
ˣӢζҪȥһˡ
һ뵽ԴˣӢ֮ǰ壬ʲôʵ飬޲øӢһȥǣС壬ȥȫӵս츳ЩһƵġ
ӢԶ˵ɣ˵ɣһ취һ˰Ǻõġ
Ӣ룬ãȥ֮ǰҿ϶˵ռأ紩ϵʱдģһزҽԶ
ͷŴıʼǱͷ֣ص˵һû

Ӣ׼ǰһϣԶˡ
ڶһҪػڵġ
˵ֱĿĵػ𣿡Ӣʵ
ڳʱ䣬Ҹ쵼룬һ
Ӣָָڣʢ뿴Զڼſⲽʹȥˡ
ԶҲûڣӢ˵ȥӼСѧ
ҪԶȥɢӲҲȥǿĵĴӦˡ
ӢºСԶ˵ǰϣǽ˯ǰ£ԶôƻµʲôǲӲҲһȥӦþֻɢ
ûˡ
壬һ𣿡
СѾͷûʲô£Զ˵
Ҫȥʲôطȥòã
Զﾾˣôôʣ
˵ҲСˣ֪ҪȥҪ£˵Ҫȥĵط̫Զ˵Ļȥɣߵʱ̫ãҸͻȥ̫үүסӲӺС˾ˣȥҹ˰ְ֣ǲǷҪչˣǶֻġ
ԶɤЩʣ˺һ˵лл㰡ǡ
˵壬Ǿô˵ˣҸչ̫үүҪչ˺öŶ
˲Ӳһֱû˵ֻǽǣŽ֣쵽ҵʱ˵ְ֣Ҳع˰ְǱˣҸһҲýһ˵ġ
˵ҿģȫκ
Ӣ˿˵룬ʵСʲôġ
ߣӢ˭ûͣԶִתĿĵظһСسǣ˸дס
Լʱ仹죬Զʵûû֪ͨ˹ǰĿĵפģӢܸΪʲôҪô𣿡
ӢˮƿǿյģкԶȥˮ㿪ˮ
ȥϴ裬꿪ˮȥʳ߳Ա˵
ԶһϣˣӢ˵ı߳Ա˵Ҫ̹׵˼
꿪ˮӢϴ裬ȥʳô򷹣ɫôһݺͺ⣬˿档
ŷ˻ط䣬Ӣͷˡ
˾ڿǽϣ꣬ŴԷܿдǰ·ʲôһܿ塣
Ӣܲһ£Ѧ궫ɫдʮ·ˡ
ʱպùԶٷ
Ӣ˿Ӻ⣬ּ˿ǣʳõСˣͦõģʵôʳóԡ
ҪȻ˳ǻأͨ͹ȥʳ߲ˣҲͨĵز
ǡ滷ܶʮҲû˼뿴Ѧ궫ȥ֮󣬺ʹģ
ӢԶûӣʵô԰
Զ㲻ԡ
ӢЦҪ飬һѷ˳ˡ
ԶְʰˣҰ껹ȥ¡
ӢٵȥѦ궫ҪˣǺԶ֣ٻѷŷϣǰ
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ӢǰװɵԶҲǣװȥˡ
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İԣӲӣְиĹŶűǴ˼ֲ꣬ҪҺ˰ɣ
˲ӲͻȻͺᣬԲᣬֻһ裬ְҪǸҺ裬ҾͲҪˡ
ͣ˽ŲôܻӲҺ裬ڵ⼸꣬κŮû׵ġ
ͻȻ棬Ӳӣˡ
˲Ӳסˣһ룬ŮӰ񱼡

ӢһߵС˵һ
ǺͲӲӣŮʮ˱䣬ԽԽƯˡ
ûУĵСްУſھͱ衯һ⻹ǹ˲ӲǸ˵üûĹɾĸװ
Ҳ̫ˡ
̫ˣһᣬҸӲȥһؼҡ
ԶæǶʲô٣ĩǴ˾ҪͳԷͱˡ
˲ӲͬŻĵǰְ֣ǶɣȥǱ˯кö໰Ҫ˵ء
ԶЩĿӢϣϱҪھͲȻûϱˡ
ӢЦ˵˰ɡ
֪ϺͺǱߣֱӴ绰֪ͨģԶڵ绰˵ٻҲûãϱûпռǣһỹҪȥź̫үү
壬סķӻ׬Ǯء
Զ㻹׬Ǯء
֪ϱȽģȰԺжˣˡ

˵绰Ӣȥҽݿ档
˼ǰ°࣬Ҫȥүӿ·˵
⼸һֱʣܣүӵ壬ӢܿүӲʵ塣
·˵ЩǱߵ£Ҳʳ߲ˡļݡܿƲ죬ο
үӼӢԶүӼңȥ˸ա
ֲ˼ϴүϢһԺݷá
үЦŽͣһ˾ȥгȥˣ˵ΛJôˣǾȥǱ߳ԡ
ţԶǹҪһ˰ռҼӢ
ֵҲЦá

ѧУݰģĸӻˣ϶˳ɷ硢̺СۣŶӣ·ǡ´ӣһ
ΛJϱûӣֻԼһ˹ﲻζóԲĲ롣
ôӦˣ»󣬵ȥﲹһ١
һҪȥ£ܲμС۵ĻǸʹͲܵȼ죬ҸС۽飬ҽжá
Զܾĺܸɴ࣬һ㶼ã˭ƿ
ûˣ㣬㣬ʹˣϯĲˣͽнȼܲμҵĻ񡣡
ӢóһκУľʯģһԶһ
͸Ľһ޶ŶҲҲͬˡ
̸Ŀڣʵ⵽˾ͺãף¿֣Ŀĵ㣬ĵƬ
ϣԶ˸Ϣ˵ѾϵĻƱ֮УҲҪǹңҪɵĵ»
ͲۺԶͷϣ϶סˡ
˷ק϶ؼңȻʰ
ЦԶһ벻ѾӢʺ˳κĿĵأæ⼸꣬ʱŸ٣ӳȥһ£ô
϶ȻԸģɺԶԸ⡣
Զ᲻˰ɣҿֻǶ͸ˡ

ԶȻüƻ֮бš
緹Ҷɢ֮󣬺ԶʰõڼһǵţȻϱȥվ
Ӣϰ˵ĳȥ̫˰ɣ
Զ˵û¶Ըǩģߣ˯һõһվȻһ£Ҳû֪ε·ߣû˴ţô
ҾᱻǴ
ӢǿĵĸԶǩƱȥˡ
һ̣ӢͺԶû˴ŵĵг֮ó


56 
ԶҪһµĶ,һվḷ̌Ӣ£ƱסͦǮġ
ĽһվӲ,ʡһĳأһܿ˯,ö̵ġ
Զ˵ҼƻˣСʱӲ,Сʱ,ǮĻõ,ҲǧĹʣˡ
Ӣ㲻ˣ
ԶЦ֪϶ʼ׬Ǯ,ҪǴűǺͲӲӵĻǸС˾˳,ܺԼС
Ӣ໤˵Ļɡ
ԶȫĹ,֮ǰ̵ĺá
̳ᣬֻԶͦˣ˵˳˻ͦٵġ
Ʊĸ,Զ̴£һֱǰӣȷû˿ϳˣɿ
ϱ,ʲô¶³ɣֻ̳ϱ,ԸȻҲʵˡ
ڿ췢ʱ,վ̨һŴ˫һ·,ȵϳһ·̳ᡣ
ˣЦ㣬øˡ
Զôˣ
еã㵽һվ£
һ˫ǳֱʣȻǸһվˡ
Զô֪һվ£
ͻȻвõԤУ㲻˰ɣ
ͷô뵽ˣʵӢ֮ǰҾΣεϳûǮƱƱԱں˵ģˣҪٸߣһվ³
Զˣ˵˵ᷢΪϡ𣿡
ӢЦʵ˵ɣεʲô
ûˣѹżεӢ;Уȥһµƽ硭
Զû׷תͷԼϱѯʺɻ
ӢѾʼˣ;иԶһϲƻˡ
ˣ㻹εʲôˣ
ӣһ˵һû
ԶûǸһ棬Ըպһ£˵ȥͳԳˡ
Ҳˣһȥͳԣһ԰￴ļһ顣
ǸƽʱߣʮǰӢȥǸƽ磬ֵ˵˻ء
Զһ˲ͣˣӢӢ㲻һ𣿡
Ӣû취˵ˣǱߵʱһ⣬ȥһµƽ磬һιȥʱϳУʱҾ֪ǲĹȥһƽ㡣
ֹȥ˼ΣľһǾ˵δᷢ飬ӸԤĻҲһⱲĽѰҲŸʱ߿쵽֮ǰ׼һȥǸ磬Ϊ顣
Ӣǿ˵Ǹ粻ĹȥıǵĹ켣Ҳû취ıĹȥ룬ǸĴѰܻҲܿİɣԭǰأǰ˵һ㾪ϲûˡ
Ӣ³޺޵ұԶһϲģںˣϲ˾ţ˵ʲô
˵õͿҪġ
Ӣ㣬ǺϢԵȣͷʲôصźԲŸϹ֪ͨǵġ
ӢҲûޣˣͷҪΣʱҡ
Զȥͳȥˣһ͹ȥ
սսʳб׼𣿡
Զ㣬ֻҪϴӰʧ
ϡ
һߣԶӢ⼸һȥǱ߼Σ
Ӣ֪һԴˣҲ߰˴ΰɡ
Զ
ΪԹĵӢһζûлңǱ߸ҪȥôΣ᲻ᡭ
Ӣæסĺ˼룬ЦϹʲôأҹȥʱǸʮ꣬ҷֵ˭˭ϲֻ㡣

ӢԶˣΪǰߵţ׽ûȫ˳ǻصĲ֮ǰ˻ؽҪŻֹ˳ǻصڿŵ˲䣬ը㶨ʱͨ
ӢҲģһ⣬ȥһµƽ磬˭ûߣֻԼ˼ΣȷˣǲǺԶĹȥ
˿̣ӢͺԶˣغһ塣
վ⣬˳ѾѰλ绰ڵѰ
Զó棬Ӣܳ棬ܷˡ
Ӣǿ˰ɣٸظһ飬ȻһѰҪǰ嵽ǰװǳѣ򱧲ƽǰѵĺӣѣʲôģ
żˣװá
Ӣ룬㻻λ˼һ£ϾҪˣ˱˵ĺӣΪŸӣĸ𡢼̳Ųģ
̫˰ɣộ
ԶѾѰӰˣȻ֪磬ѰʹѾˣɵһģһݺʵ˻ģ̲סͷⲻĹȥҲϣźҪ
ԶߴѰѾˣϿ㡣
˲ˣһ嵽ǰߴߴĿʼ
ӢԶԶǵ̸ܿѰʮԶתǴվ߳ȥѰ棬ҵĿ˼֮󣬷ɱˡ
ԼĽԭûҪô죬ڱͻȻðˣѰУǲٸѰȥˡ
ҧ˵ûҪֵģؾǾͽӴԼɡ
ѰλŵδޣΣѾ˱˵ĺӣᣬѰҲҪԼġ
ҪѰûʱλС飬˷̵ĳƱ̨Ż𳵷ųеҴ˵绰˵νͣѰᶨ˵Ȼȥ֮Լ
ڳվظβй¶Ѱݣ۵ꡣ
ӢʺԶҪҪȥ磬ȥҰμͿˡ

ЭѰѾаˣܵ飬跴ԣ˵Ӳһߡ
⻰˵ú궼ţļ꣬Ѿϳˡ
׶豧Թ˵ܵĲʱ򣬸ŷֶһһֱܵСѧŸļޡ
Թܵܵõ껪
û˵ĸТɶԵܵܲϲһֱìܣƿһС
ܴܵ绰
ڵ绰ߵܵܣѾǸˣԼ⣬Ϊȷ£ͲҪ˵ң·Ե衣
ܵĻѾ⣬֮࣬˵˸¡
ܵ˵ʮ꿪ʼиƯĽһֱػܹ۸ĸ꼶ӵʱ͸Ѿһûٳˡ
磬˵ǲǾ⣬ô궼ģҶˣǳʱģ˵ǸѣػҵģһǷ˲Ųþİɣ
û취ܲ˵ܵˡ
Ҳϱӵļ䣬ñů˾ͺãҪȥ׷Ѱࡣ
һ·£ڿһһߴӰ̾
ĪϤ߽Ȼ˾裬𾪵գˡ
ܵܣһģһֻ۾µķ˪Բһʮ˸е۾
˾վţŶϤİ
Զ۾ɬȿڵģ磬ȣܵܣ·㣬УȥɩˣͦõģѾˣȥء
һ㿴˺һᣬɤ˵ҵܵܣֲ֪һҵĵܵܣ˵˸ܸңǴ𣿡
Զ΢΢Цһĵܵܣ㣬ǸԺҶٳˡ
ĿͻȻۣס㣬һ磬úɣǴûչ˺üңһ˿̫˶𣿡
Զæһʼһ㣬Ȣ˸ܺõϱҲͲÿࡣ
ԶӰ֣Ӣ˳ǣϱ˵磬ϱںҸҲҸġ
꿴ӢģͷǵܵǸʮ꣬ͳֵƯ㣬Ǵһģ
ǣԽԽԶ׷ȴȣ뿴壬־۾Ѳ
ֱһ󼱴ٵ˯оѣ𣬷Լڳⷿ
ոյһж
˲ϸ룬ѰѾżˡ
ţѰһͷĺһĸׯǱҲõϣˡ
˶˿
Ѱ󱳶ʪ͸ˣЦʵ㶼ˣܱجŵ𣬻Ϊʲô¶ˣҲ׼Ž
ʧ˻ᣬ˵ε˭˵ϱΣѹҵܵ˵˸ܺõϱҸ
Ѱ̲סЦҶûϱأʲô˵εɩˣǸͷȥ쵼㱨㱨꣬ô绰ȥҽԺɩӵ
׼ҵطҽԺ绰ȷһ£ֻҪѹ;Ƕͷˡ
ˣ˵㻹ûϱ
Ѱѳվ¸˵һ£ˣңôҵģǸǰİɣҸҴ绰ˣȻؾͰѻˡ
Ҳҵ飬쵼㱨
һֱæӵҽԺ˸绰Ǳߵֵ໤ʿ˵ӼСʱǰ˹һ仰ɷͺӺòãѾ绰ӿ裬űͻȥ

ӢԶһֱȵ죬˳Ѱͺ϶ɺظЦڿԻؼˡ
ӢͺԶҲҪؼˣţЦ´Ҫٿš
ԶǸͼȫصĸ磬ҡҡͷ˵ҵԸѾˣˣԺ󶼲ˡ
ǵһƽ磬ûͦӦģ̲ס̵磬ʵӢȥһɣϾ˼ұʮꡭ
ԶȻصǵ磬͹ȥɣҪٴҸϱ
˵磬ʵҵͦСģѵóһţҸһΰɣһˣܼʱ㡣
ԶɲԼļڶ壬ƽ󣬹ϸ˷̵ĳƱ
ģس̵ʱ˸ΣεԶ֪Ӣˣûಡ
ˣһ뺫Զûಡˡ
ǰ˵ˣȻҪ˵ûоϲˡ

µж˳һ¹úܿ죬ӢȥƽǱ˼λ㱨Զ
ίҶԹʲôҪ˵мλѡ
ԶǼŮΡֵɲɳ񾯡йָɾһϱȥ
Żһ£üһֱº̣Ҿͦġ
𣿡Ӣԥһ£Ҳѽ
ԶӢºٽĹĶģ֪ʲô׬㲻ϲǮҾºͦʺġ
Ӣ˵Ķˣ˵ϲ㣬ڶǮ
Զıģô׶ԹϷţϲԷŻ¡
İ£Ӣö¹˾ҵΧҩױҩ֪ʶӢʵֳԭϣȳԵҩױЧ
⼸һֱģԱ˾ͷǱ߳ȥҽ棬˵һҩױ¡
裬ʱзвѽ
УҿûʲôǲǺԶ̫ˣ
ӢƵΣҲ֪˵ľΪʲôôãеԲ
Ұס죿
ֺЦҸѰ
ӢԹԵĸ
żΣϵıܷḻȷ˵㻳ˡ
Ӣ
裬ûŴɣ
浹ǵĺܣǧȷ֮ǰһԶ˵û׼ãż죬ô׼ˣ
ӢҲе£ǲ;ǴΣ鵽ŨʱûмƷ˵˾䣬ֻҪԶӣԸһźһ𳤴
˭ˡ
о˰ɣӢûй˵Զ˵ӣҪǲҾͻסҡ衢лãӦܰѺӴðɣ
ӢӢȥġ
ʲôѵģ㶼ûˣ趼ܸо顣
Ӣ裬ҪȥŮ𣿡
ʲô𣿡
ӢЦòУھӽ˵⺢Ǽġ
Ųں˵Ŀ˼˵ʲôǺͲӲӵʱ˼һ˵Ƕ񶾺ء
ҲǣĸܣӢһҲˣѾܣʮܾˣҲ졣

Զ°ĸߣΪϱ˵ĸʱӡ
׼°࣬һ£Ӣˣһ¡
û˵꣬ͷֺԶɫ׵ĳȥ
ĪʧӣҲĻܾš
һߣΛJڿᣬԶصλϻذ칫ңɫ԰ףӢˣҪʧ١
ΛJԶвɣϺûʧ٣治ˣǾǲ磬ҲҲţɹģ˵ٲ𡣡
Զˡ
ΛJˣ˸ʧʲôϵҳ߰ɣ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôҲɫףǸӲģ
ԶȻҵģҾܲˣϾǼƻʱڵģһ벻ܵǸô죿
ΛJŵĲᣬ֯Աʼˡ

ӢЩʳɣȥо֣Сۼһı顣
Ӣʵѵų
С۽Ͱͣ㣬Ӣ㣬ǴĶ
ӢĪʳԵİԵ֮ǰ˰ٻ¥ҪȥӤƷġ
㣬㻳֪𣡡
ӢҵȻ֪ô֪ģ
ʮ֮ӢףԶ̫ţܲͻȻУҵطоڵλͬ£ųȥȥˡ
Ӣʶʶģ֪ˡ

һжãӢѲƷзŶˣڻʲôƷǵĹŮ
һ֪ŮӣӢԼҲϲʺԶϲкŮ
ԶشĺɣֻҪĶϲ
ӢʮܵʱģԶڲⲽŵҪ
ܵ˵̥һ㣬Ӧú˳ģŮҪȥ˽㡣
ԶֻǽվţͣİѹĻѹ
Ӣ֪ʲôͬʱģи̥ĺ˳һͷһ̥̫ŵԵʣʹ
Ӣ֪ǲӦмʹ
ʹܹܶΣÿλѪʱҲӵ̶ֳȵʹ͵ġ
ܹԣȥֻСʱ˳˺ӡ
ӱʿȥϴأӢͻ񻹺ãԼھµء
Զϸϸëͷĺ飬۵ԺҾȥǲˣòá
ӢľֻٸһͬˣҲеġ
ʿͻˣճˮĺܣ۾ģƯҫ۾
ŻӢߣǡôͷŵһȫʢˡ
ʿϲĸӢ˵С︣ãʱ⻨Ƕ仹û껨ȫʢˡ
ӢЦﱧ˱
ȻʿˣСֹܲõŶȻְֲҴȥˣҪ֪֪ܲ


57 ͵͵ϲ
ԶŮλ,ܰӣ׶԰ʦܶλʦλ,ĸ˰ְ֣ϲСʦ˿ڽһ
Զ̰ӪȣȻӢ˸绰°оֽӹŮ
ǰ,ԶŮ,úӲѣһˣҪ̹֪𣿡
Űְֵ,İ,֪ܣҪģְȥżסա
̫СÿĹȶӢÿθƺ,Ӧĳͷ
Ӣһֱ,ļʦ鲻Խ֮ǰλʦλá
ԶĲУĸ˸绰˵ϻزĸܹܲŮ
һ֪һһСַӢĽ,ڵ绰ϾܾС,ԼԼ,ûá
ԶЦãͬ°æӣȥȥˡ
ӢʵҲżСʦεûСйֵȽ
ԶǱٶȺܿ죬ϰֻһˣͼƲͼֻ氵ѵһ½ȻԽȹûʲô
СͰ˶˾֡

СļѾϵˣûϵϣǼĸͼ̽㡣
˰һƣͬʱǽ͡
ԼΪʲôҪŮڣΪж𣬲ֻ㡣
ڽȻ߿޵ĲУһ߿һ߸츸ĸý͡
û뵽ܾ֮ȥйߣԲ𡣡
ȻĮ˦ֲ֣ҵļˣʲô
ݱ̽ѰĿ⿴βѡ
ԶСͣӵѧУ֮Ǹ㸸״˵绰ûһʱϵĸȹ绰ó㸸׵ĽܵİΣ
ȻͷٴθĹǵлȴûиĸͼ̽˵һ仰
ӢôסȻԸؼң˵صλס

ؼҵ·ϣӢʺԶϷһİܣô£
ԶһֱŹŮһ§ϱϸ߱˵
ǸкӸݱʧܺ󣬾ͰСʦˣҲûˣͨķʽСʦ˦Ӹ̽㡢ĸ
ⶼǵһˣ֮ǰΪݣһܣϽɳûҸ˵
ӢͲǸˣôܴ
ԶҲΣǰݱҵĹҪȥ֪Ϻ;Ĺ˾ӦƸǡþڹ˾ֱӿڽݱ˵Ĳ̫
ίĸʲôƵģĽǸ˿ί򱧲ƽ
һԲϣ˾ʹɳ
Ӣͦģôˣ㲻ƵС
Զ͸£ǼǣǱСǣӰġ

ӢһܰݵӰƵͣ˾ûôˡ
ȥ׶԰ŮѧСģӢôˡ
׶԰ǺСѻӭ
СָͷģСʦû裬Сʦˡ
Ӣҵ԰˽
԰ҲΣ˵мҳѧУͶߣ˵СʦԸƫ۸̽ŵ±ܣԸʺ׶԰Сѡ
ǿ˵һΪԸ׶԰СѾˡ
԰̾Сʦܺߣֶܵ˺ҳв˵СʦϾٱ˺üӣСʦ֮´ְˡ
Ӣȥ˵£̾ݻӰ쵽ߵˡ
Ҳڵļ㿴֪Ϻ;Ȼξ֮һΪɵˡ
һʼͲϲǹҵĽ벻Ҫƫȥ֪Ϻ;Ĺ˾ӦƸ겻ɢ
̸˾֢Լʱ̸ѴҵĹ˾Ҫ˶ùҪȥˣǲǶԶɡ
ӢҲ˼ڼкӣڶͬı֮

ϾؼҿãίʲôƵģСʦ뿪׶԰˸磬˼ᣬۻˡ
ñ֤һСʦҸù
죬ؼ֧֧˵ýȻȥ֪ϵ¹˾ǰ̨
ȴǰ̨Ϥ¹˾ҵ֮ٿűĸλ
Ӣ˿ǳǳķɫЦŵͦõġ
ڼкӶиԵסǺͲӲҪ߿ѡסУֻĩ
ͻȥˣԶˢ룬ӢŮϴ裬ԼһᣬܳԶ˵Ҳᰵˡ
ԶֻǳԾһ£漴СӶʮͷ̸
ϲļҵĹ
ӢЦСʦ
ӽӴĲɣ
ԶٸʰãȥŮһСѾſͷ˯ˡ
ְֵĸŮ˸С˸ӣϵƴţת͸ϱҡ
˺һᣬӢĲУ˾񵹺ãղϱûشǸ⡣
ҲͽüСʦɣôϲأ
Ӣ˯ˣתͷ۾ûԵⶫ˵׼ģ㿴ҵĵһۣҲϲˣ
Զ룬Ҳǡ
ϱ§˵СʦЮ֣ǸȥȣѾһӵͣǹﺦ°˵ȼ˱ˣԼΣգǽ֮ǰͬھСǸԸ۱˵Ըҵʱ;ã㵹еء
ԺԶСʦĺøֶЩ
Ӣ˵ҿСʦԸȥĹ˾ҲϲģȥĹ˾Сʦϵɫȷһɡ
Ӹ㲻ö͵͵ϲԷ֪˭˵ڣ


58 ġǲӲ
ӢκĹ˾,ǰ̨һСϵӢһοӢʱ򣬻ΪϰĽ㣬֪ϰʧ˺üĶ
ϰڹ˾˵һ,Ӹǰر
Сǰ̨ҵ,æӭ,˵Ȼϰȥˣһͻ
֮ǰ绰,˵Сʦ°ʱ˳ȥ׶԰ãӢȡ
ڻҿֽʱֽһλŮʿ,źܵ壬ɫͦ㲵ġ
ǻ꣬ݵ衣
ӢͦģԭΪСʦСǰ̨˵ŮʿҺġ
Ӣ±ֽ,ʵҺʲô𣿡
걾Ӣ˵ģԴλ̬,Ǽܱȵ衣
˭Ļ,Ҫġ
˵Ůʿ,ʵأЩҸ˵Ҳһġ
Ӣ˵
߿費õ,Щ겻ôԽȻ,治ġ
ӢЦ治ȾͲҪ,ͦõѰְøŮôòΪʲôҪأ
걻ʵ˵˵ھЩû壬ǲ뿴ŽȻһٴϲݣȻܺϰ࣬Ϊ˱ϲ
ӢԼܿɫǲϲһ۾֪
ٺ͵͵Ȼ
ЦһѵǸ˶ӦϲŮҲ̫ˣ˭Ĵ
꾪һ£˵û˸˵Ҵݵ̸ģᰡݲϲǲΪüìܣúˡ
ӢСϾŮôܣؼҹܽȥɣǼҺӲġ
ԼǺ⣬Ӣ飬ҲûҪ˵ȥ
ţֺģԱվŽȻ
Ȼױ˷ͣһǳɫȹƯ۾ôһȻȻǹݵ
ƽȻѾ˸ղŵ̸ýȻؼҵĻ˵ˡ

һߣϳģʦȣ󱧱Сʦ
ȻرΣСԣȥ.ǱߣʦҪ°ˡ
˵һԷίȥק½ǣԷ
ȻĳסӢк󣬾Ҫߡ
һѸҵŹϣҲӢֱʸǰŮ
˵Ϊݲϰ𣿡
Ȼˣֱ˴ְ
Ǹ鷳ˡ
ƺŭְܴ
˵ֱҪ˲ֹһƫƫ㲻һҲԭϲ㣬ŻߣأŮ˵ⱨ̽𣿡
Ȼ˵ǣȻ뵽Щ꣬ݳϹϵ˶ûʲô³
ǺͰѲԭͥ
ľݵİĽܰҲ˺׽ˡ
Ȼͦģ뿪ˣȻѲݵӰ졣
ƹˤǾǰɡ

Ӣǿˣһܣһԭأϵҡ
Сıҧ½ǣ磬Сʦ׷
ãǵʱʲôǼӤһִġ
ѹСʦϲ磬ԺҲˣ˺òá
á
ҡͷСʦ˵ˣ˵ʱзۺɫŶ˵ɫݴϲ翴СʦҲзɫء
˲ˡ
пӿ죬ֿӢ
˵𣿡
Сȭͷ˵ѵģȻġ
ӢҲСʦǺһңΪܵݵӰܵģҾò£ҪҪ׷ԼŰ졣
Ū˽Ȼ⣬ûԥ׷˳ȥ

⼸ǺͲӲҪμӸ߿ˣӢûȥܺ
ǰһΣǶһӵĻûط˵˰죬˵СԿȥ
ûҪˣҲ¸ǳԻӡ
û֨
ȸ߿ˣһ־ԸĸѧУ
ӲӺЦǲǶ˵һѽҸҽĹֳɼˣⲻ󡣡
ŴЦһ룬ЦݽϣΪһ˵ǲӲӴӦͶѧУ㵱УѣҿûӦ
¶Gӣ˵õ㡭ǵġ
ǵģûӦвӲȥ㻹𣿡
¶GߵʱӢɫǺĶˡ
֮ǰǺͲӲӸѧҵΪأӢһֱû˵ʲôʱǺͲӲȥˡ
ڼѹСȴ֪˿ڻϣ˸߲ҵסʲôƵ꣬ЩóԵġ
ŶһĹ֪ϣرС˾ˣҸӲӶˣǵСʱ𣿡
֪ôܷСȥǣǱ߿ɲڵأĸ￪źü꣬߻ӡ
гǲҪܣȥȥ
Ц˵鷳С˾˰Լһ½İְ֡
ʲô֪ϲ⡣
ǵ㶼ɩˣҵȻܿԿܣԼˡ
˲Ӳӵ֣㿴ϲ㣬ôӴС󣬶͵͵ϲأ
ϲǽֲұףÿεԼ㣬ȥӶŻΪѵżӦһΡ
ӲӶżӺ׵ȵ߿ûüףȥ־Ը֮ǰǽֱӸ׵ĺá
ý㱨˱ѧУ־Ը׷Ī


59 塿Ӳӵ
մҽԺõ鱨,ΰڣʱ䲻ˡ
Ϊ˸ŮиļͥȢһ,ý˽ܵʱȷ˵ŮĺӸǰ,ŴӦȥ࿴ġ
һʼȻȻദĻ,Ҳ,,˵ںĥӹ
˺þ,һͬˡ
˭֪ݽӻ,ȻȻԽԽѣ˳ȥ
ÿЦֿɱ
ºǮŮõŮֵˡ
ܶΪʲôأ
ڹ˾һֱ°࣬û뵽Ůӡ
ȥۣŮҲޡ
ǹŮɣ
ٹ֪ϵ,ǴӼŮǱģʮͿ˴ѧ,ѧҵܽ˷Ĺº˹˾,Ϊ
ŮǰĽ֪ϣ˵Ǹккϲݡ
Ȼ֮ǰȥ֪ϺͺϿĹ˾,Ϊ˱̽㡣
⼸֮ǰĹϵ,붼нͷۡ
ʲô£ʵ
ǵҸ̸,Ҿ͹һ,ǼⲻǲãǾͶϾϵԺҪģѹģΪԺ󽭽ǣֻҪǲ
죬ӵ绰˵Ϊ˶Žӽ磬ǼҶ𣿡
ЦҸͽǻϲ㲻źõģΪʲôҪȥŻģ
˵
ֵʱҪ֪˭ĹԼԸ⣬ԼװƲȥԿ˭ߣܵһ̣ܿɣǼ˶ĿŸͽǻϲ
Ǹݰȷʵܶ˶ϲϧǼȫ
С뿪󣬽һû˯ڶʦ˷

ǺͲӲӴҪȥѧУ־Ը
Ӣ˵£ҪȥӰɡ
ǰϴѧ󣬳ͺ´ӣˣӼְס˵ǲӲӶҲеɿռ䡣
óѧУСĺԺ˵ԺǵطķֵǮӵűˡ
ӲӻС˼㣬ҽе£ȥӡ
һı飬Կǲˡ
ȥҪԼȥӰɡ
Ӣִ֮ˡ
Źϣ̹ϵǣΪʲôȥӵѧУʵͦϲѽ
죬ʲôѾŬĿˣǱ
˵ʱɫ䡣
״Σ˵ҪӲӣûܱҼ˸ҪԺ󻹻ϲˣĲҪģҲڣҾԲΪһˣӰǽõĸ顣
ӢĵһƬСѾͷҪ˵Ӣء
û˵ϲʵأ
Ƕˣܰɣ
ӢЦʣΪʲôܣ
ӲԸѽֹֿɰϲѽҾӣϲҵġ
ǲһŶСʱɳˣְȥأдŹѽ͵͵ϲҲ֣ҿӸǽһɫİľ㡣
ǳסˣֵǲӲ֪ô죬Ҫˣ
ӢЦҲӲӵֻ飬ʼģֻŶ
ʱһֱŶĹ˲ӲŽ
Ц㣬Ҳϲܵ͵ģӲҸקҸ⣬˵̫ˣа뱨ѧɲѽ
ǵ˼ˣٴȷһ飬Ӳӣûòõģ治ϲӰ
Ӳ֤ȥӰɣҾͲȥˡ
ǵõ֣ȥ־Ըȥӡ

ӢúɣС¼ȡ֪ͨ鶼ˣǿ󣬳ӵСѧãӲһȥϴѧС˾˶ģӲӷҪԼȥɣǲ͡
ӢͺԶģͲӲȥѧУ
һֱ͵ᣬӲȲӭӶĴѧߴٵְ裬ǿȥվɣܸϵüĻء
ѿԶӢݣȲѣôôİְ裬ΪǸء
˲ӲֵЦҰʮûϹ
ӢͺԶżȥ죬μ˲ӲӵĿѧ
´ǵϵλ֪ŵŮʿ̨ʱӢײ˼
λŮʿǸ˼λͬѧûײɣ
ӢȻģЦָָߵĹ˲Ӳ˵ŮģѧУѧѧ
ᡣ
ӢλϵεɫΪ˺ֱֻһѷ죬˵жȴʹ
ϻд󣬺ԶԼϱǸϵʲô㻹Ӳȥ̨¸ż
Ӣ̾ӲԼҪѧѧУţڤڤעõģҲԤˣѧأǻ᲻ϳ
мʲô£ӢòӲԼȥѰҡ
һֱԵֵģԵ֣ǲӲԼҵġ

صк󣬺˵ȻؼҳԶٷ
Ҫҳ˼ˡ
ȻҳӢģԼɹƯϲ̵ǲǿҪˣѽ治ϰء
ӢЦĲУȥɣҲҪ
͹˳ɷҪͺ´ӣҲ䷹뿴ӸŮһʲô
Ǹڸտѧæĩûؼҡ
ôֵļͥۻᣬ϶ٲ̺СۣΛJϱӹŮһ֡
ʵҶ뿴ʽȷϵŮѡ
ӢεĺܣСʦǶѽ
ҶЦǲһǰʦǾĶˡ

ȻѾ˼ſڣԺУȻˣ˼ȥ
ͷЦֲûʲôѽ
Ȼɬǲһ
ҼԸʲôֲǲ֪ȥɡ
ܳ˽Ȼ󣬻ﱧСɬȻŽ˼š
Էʱ򣬽ȻҼ˵Ǳߵ顣
ҰַΰڣûˣƲֳ֣һֽͷƽ֣һݣĸһݣ˾ĿǰڽвٴתҺ費뱳ծ񣬷˾ҰֽҰѪ
ЩȻҼңĸȨװ֣Ųûķݡ
ȰҰѹ˾˵ծҲ£ҶףҲȰҽӣҲԼƴһѰɡ

˷㽭ȻȥҽԺ֣µĽ˾Ĺ⹫á
Ӣ˵ҼǵϱӽʱȻȻѾַˣ˾ҲȫݣⱲӽôأ
ӢͰȥҽ˵ˡ
ǽнװƲȫ˵̬ȣծͬΰڵı棬Ѽ˽һȻȻ˵֮ǰǷӣ˸βծ
ǻ̬أ
ӢЦЦ˵ΪŮǣ飬Ůŵ˲ᱻծۣȻȻȥˡ
ͬ飬ʦǮƷڷ޹ͬƲһӣһȻȻ˾Ȼծ񣬵ڣѹ˾ȫȻȻˡ
ͻȻЦˣӢ˵ȻȻ֪Ҳһ֣˾дծ񣬵̸ûûǩԼĺͬڿܸеĴˡ
֪ϴǻʱ򣬾͸Ӣ˵ˡ
Ľ˾չĺܺãؾ֮ǰѼͬǩԼ˼졣
пһóۡ
Ӣûз֣ǹĺˣƺҲûôˣҾѽͻȻ˸൱˵ˣǲܰӰ죬Ҿ˵ѽ㡣

ϱӱɵݣܿʹһҵûټ
ĳ캫Զһ¼ԺӵǽǣӢ£ԻӣĶ
ԶЩ仯ʵӢ仯Ҳ
ϱڿԼԶ̧ͷ˸⡣
Ӣ㴩һ죬Ӿҵ֣ûҪأ


60 Ǳռ
Ӣմʱ,мСʱһƬհףʲô벻
ǰĸСģǴӺͽ,ó֮ǰˮƽܺá
дһкӽ㣬иС,һҵġ
һкӺСŮ
СʱӢĸСӵŪǰиϯûг֤ɷ
Ǹкк˵հ̣ҶкԶ,ɽص,ܰǸ绰𣿡
Ǳһ,ɲǼհ׵ĴԱ
ԶԶ
ӢˣǴģûԭļ,ȴܼǵеľ
Ķ壬ʶǸԶ,ôǵһ
ȻûԵ޹ʵĴԽ,,ġ
塭˰
̫ϲ,,ñӹߣӶΪ
,Ҹñ֮ǰ,Ҫ顣
Ӣûȥ,Ͼֱʱ,ΪⱲӶټ棬ļˡ

Ӧ˺ɽȥ绰ߵפӷӦ죬СʱѾȵɽϡ
Ӣմ˺СĹ⣬ίŵļ
βǺܸˣȼί뿪ӢȥסͻȻСȥдס޵Ǯ
Ӣ޷ģϵΨһȥҵģֻϵɷ˳ɷˡ
ڹ֪ϵǸĵˣֻҪӢԸ⣬Ϻȥӣܽµ
Ӣ¡
ܲľ廹ûȫɢһʱҲ
һԭİ˸ռǸǶ
Ӣˣʹʹȥԭɷȷֿ˵
Сָ·˹ΣĹͨջҵģ³Ӣ˺Զ
վںŴȥ׼³ģȴǰţӢ߶ϵһ̣Щɻ
ܾϤ벻
Ӣ³ǰߵǰŰųƱӢǰ˳
ӢһֱıӰ˼ӣתͷ
תͷһ̣µͣס˽ŲҲתһֱŷĹֻÿնۡ

ӹ˳ɷǱ߻Ӣ˸ѺƱŹ֪ϺͲӲӣҲĻǵġ
ӢѾӦΣȥλжͬ־档
ںԶӢϾڶȫһ
ڶ¥ż䣬϶Ǹʵˣٶĸߴ󣬿ȥҲʮͷ
Ӣܽܣ⣬϶Բ룬ЩԱ
Сͬ־˵ӡ
ԣһǰĵܵܣҴСģһСҸǰ񵽺ġ
϶˵̫ˣ˵ӴĶʮˣû뵽㿴ȥС治ʡ
ʾͲʰɣӢӲǿ󣬵ͷ׼ˡ
϶ܱǸҸ൱ģ¥´Ǽףͬ־Ҫȥ࿴࿴
С
Ӣŵʱ¥ݿڿ̽ͷ̽ԵĹϷۺɫƺǿ˰϶
ӢЦЦҲѺõ΢Цһ¥һ¥
ڴ˻ᣬֿ˺ԶӶ¥Ҳÿ
ӢҲ׵ģôѾ˰ɡ
ҵĺܣ˺ֱܶ࣬Զ߹ҪҪЭޡ
һ̣Ӣﶯˡ

Ӣ㴩ʱȥ𣿡Զִʵ
ӢĺܣѸղŵĻȫȻȥ㣬ֻÿ죬ˣԵְɡ
Զ΢
Ӣ棬ǱռǣΪʲôһֱ
ԶЦЦ֪Ѿ֪ˣһ˵ӽȥ˽Ĺȥ
ӢռǸңȥ˵뿴µռǡ
Զ˵̫ˣˡ
Ӣ
˼죬ӢȥˣԶóǱռǣˡ
룬ӢҪǿһۣ
֮ǰԶڴռǣ
˳ǻصĹ߷ˣѰӢĶȫڳǽϣз֣ԭӢûвʲôµĿռͨԼǸͨ
ûκˣֱһ죬ðӢѪһпռܵƷֻܹһ˽ͨôɣǸкԶˣ󴳽
ƭӢ˵ԶǱץģðӢҺ´һµ˳ǻӢҪȥǸкԶˣҴȥˣ˵ʵһ㼵Ǹ˵ġ

Զû뵽ռǡ
ռһǶμ䡣
Զ磬ͱ߹˽Ǹʲô硣
һƬڰֻƾожʱ䣬һڣãֱǸŮ˳ȥŵһο硣
ȷʵǸԼȫͬ磬ԶܾŮϤŮǰǲǼ
ŮȫˣԶ֪ڼǰͼֻǼ䱻Ĩȥˡ
һ죬Ůҵüٵھʹȥ
ദԶѾȷԼ⣬Ů˵ȥˣʲôһ𡣡
ӢֻǿЦЦЩ˸С
ΪģŮ˵ˣﻹиЭӰɣô˵ǲǲ̫׵
ԶȻľ磬ļ俪ʼңŮѣżԭ绹Ρ
ǵһȥˣٻ㣡
Ӣɫģã߰ףҹȥ㡣
һ
һ
ʵ棬ķܣһУһĴ翴
Ĵռ˵ﻮһбΪٽһ˳ǻأҪȥصǸ磬һȥӢ
֪һвˣΪںǰǸӺӢˣס
Ѿûλøˡ
ٺӢѺԶ˻ȥٴĨȥļ䣬̤ƽ˳ǻء
ĴҲŴ˹һгϣżƿʱдЩռǡ
ռ˵ҪûǸкԶ˾ͺˡ
˵ӢΪ˵СӳԱֻ᲻᲻һ
ԶռǱӵˡ

ӢλѺӸ֣Լϴ.
ԶŮֱ˯ŻݿԼϱ
Ӣڴϱ۾Ҳû˯ţԶݵ۾ʣ˯ˣ
ţ˵ҪȥɩӼңҴ˵绰С
죬ˣ֪ǱߣиŮ׷Ŀǰûȷϵ
СǱߣǺӸȶӲӽ˵̨ʵϰ鷽ܵĺܣ˭ʶ˵ҵΪ
Ӣһ𿪵ҩױ˾չܺãӢֺֻּĵԭϣŶӸзÿ²Ʒһ򶼿ǰܻӭ
ҲܺãϱӵһûӢ㡣
˯ǰ䲻Զһ䣬ӢǴûʶĴ磬Ķǣϲ𣿡
Ӣ̲סЦԶǿռǣֳԴء
Ӣҡͷᣬ൱Ƕѡ
Цǿϲ㣬ֻͣ㣬𣿡
ˡԶ̤ʵԺ󶼲ɵˡ
һЦһжõİš


61 ߡ
,ϹѾˣΰܵǸкԶ׶󣬸ǰЭ,Ѿˡ
ӣӲģȹӳˣһԼĺ,Ϲõû,Ȼλͬ־Ҳõˡ
οȰԼֶŮҲ֪ղŵĻȥ˶١
׻,һҪȥ
ʶĴϹ,һȥġ
Ѿüˣһֱ룬ôõ,ܼһƾʲô䵽ͷأ
һĻᣬҪԼãҲҪϱЩź,Ųôõ
һҪ,Ȼ϶
ԹϹ˵æ϶,Ϲøһѵͬ⡣
Ϊ˽,˵Ѿ϶ܸһӢŮͬ־
ϱ˵Ӣ,Ҫɷ̫,еĴѧңظ飬Ӣ󣬹˳ɷδȢ
ӢûȻûĻûʲôҪ˳ɷֿأ
ʵ棬ۿλ϶׵Ӣͬ־

ڶ׻᳡͵ˣ϶Ҳ磬Ⱥһ۾Ϳ϶
ϱӹ¶µķ˪ڵ϶ͦΡ
ʵ϶ľǰϹüﻹأ㲻ʶ
ǰкͿһλƯĹ׻᳡û˱ۡ
϶׵Ӣͬ־ӣһкʮ꣬иСһŮ
Ӣһ̣ˣŮ̫Ưˣòܾܾˡ
ЩҲıˣ϶ӦûԸİɡ
϶Ӣͬ־׳ɹˣҲͦõġ
϶ҵ֪֪ȵŮ˹°뱲ӣĬĬףġ
϶ȻܾӢͬ־϶˵̫ӢҵõĶ
޹ģϱ϶ӣ϶Ҳ˵ģ˵ܵ
أ϶ˣʱ룬֪ˣ͸ϧһӡ
Ӣźż䣬϶Э
˵ԼѴ֪ĿǰҲнѴԼͬʱҲңϣͬ־úÿһ¡
οǣ϶ͬˡ
ͷһʯأͬʱڸż׵һԡ
ӢͺԶϱӺԶǰһֱʮˡ
ֶӺֶŮкͺǣӶһݵģ۵ûк³
ŵʱ򣬸Ҳų϶Զʶĸ˵ͷǴк
˵ı飬֪׳ɹˡ
ⱲӶ˸Ӣ⼸˵Ҳıİɣ롣

֮󣬷ʮ˾ٰ˼񣬻϶ֵķϹԭָԶģڶӱȽϴ󣬰϶ְ񣬳ˡ
϶סĲ̤ʵҲסϹúϹ÷ڣ϶黻ӡ
Ҫǰᵽȥ㿴ô
϶֮ã㲻ίС
һסﶼĵġⶺˡ
϶һ죬ǿЭ顭
ѾһˣӢҸ׿ŵģҾͦãǰȥھӣ㿴ô
϶һ£ǣҸͬ־ף㲻𣿡
Ӣ漫ˣ˽ء
ʲôýģϹ֮ǰҽܸԶء
ᵽӢҸڣĹϹðڸջָĸеʦʱû£ӢҲûйϤˣƢͶ˺ѡ
һ˸ĳȥУ⿴ϱǸݵС
ǣӢȻûжݲøУοӢᱻСӰ쵽
ΪӢСûʲôøУҵĸӣҲԶݡ
ûüģ϶ˡ
ϱû磬ҽ˵϶пܳŲ
ˣû϶϶ô磬ϱӻ硣
֮£ԼȫӢҵĴҾͲΪʲôҪ
û뵽ΪӢðűֵķգȻ϶
ϣ֪ӢѾԭǸӢˣǴһġ
ԭˡ
֮Ӣõѣ޻̸ػŶԷСܡ

ӢͺԶʮգٰģʵҲ϶ʮ꣬ͷŵһˡ
ֻһЩ׺ѣϢȦﱻȥЩӦ̡˺ֻʱּ˺ü
ʮϣȻ⿴˻еݡ
ܵӢߣѺԶָָݵķ
Ӣ㿴ǸͦơƶǵˣĶɷǵһӦ̡
ӢĲɫȵݶô˸һֻҵǮˣ
ЩһֱйעݣɧԼļɶӸŮ˶Ƚ˽⡣
Ӣ˵ȻȻְַָĲƲȥͶʿˣżǮżֻͨͥǸֵ֮ݻټ˸ǮĶˡ
ָָǸʮСȥ޺ӣһǰݡ
СɷŮһʼиĸףСܻװ˵̸ֶţһ֮£ͰѺӵĸȨҪˡ
Ӣ˿СʱаǸ֪ԼҪʲôĹ
Ӣ˵ֻء
ڲˡ
Թ˲ϾûôõӰӢںЩˡ
˾ȳ֮Ӣĸ첲ЦװĽãǵȥ˵ɡ

ݴ̨ϱӢԽԽɬܡ
벻ף˶ϲӢ֮ǰÿ³ɡ
ӢʹԸͷ
Ӣϲ֪Ϻͺá
ǵСʱһʼõġ
ֻԽȻá
᳡ǰţȻڸߴӢĺߣôҸ
أֻ㲵ĴżŮڻ᳡һš
й֪ϣĿƼ˾ͷѾɷȫң֪ϻǻʵϣ֪Į־ͻü߿
ܾһжʵġ
Ǹվ̨ϣ˾ĽػŮ˲ӢӦŶѽ
εҸĳ
񺫾ΪΣЩϲȫᣬѡ˱ȹ֪ϲƸˡ
Ϊεĳʵ
ʱߵļŮĽĿǴ̼ų̛̣Ǹհ̺ҸѽϣԺҲҸ
ǵģСӶóӢҸ
ݾԼΪƲסŻƿŮС˳ƺˣײ˼߽ű첲Ƭ˼Сӡ
Сﺦ¼ˣԱߵĴ˵ҲãҲ˵ģ軳鲻ãҶ죬Ժøõģ
ݿɷ̵ŭһѣΣżŮ·𿴵ʮǰԼ
ͼŮһԼҪʲôһޡ
亹

Ӣʮ֮Ⱥ߳˺ҵľ¥
¥ǺӪģͶʵģȴСϾ¥͸Ӣġ
ʱ򣬶ϵĸӤݿǰ§ͬеӣӢüᣬ˵˵ЦЦѡӤƷ
˵ǰѾְ˷ӣĸӵչˣżҷǳͨЩͲ˹ȥһڡ
ҸģûҪ
ԼѡĶɷ򣬽żŮȻؼңﶼӦҪӦͲؼˣڼҰѺչ˺á
ݵûֻּõͷ
תӾ¥߳ģһ˫˫һԶԣϵЦݣǰϵЦһޡ
ݾ;ЩЦݺܴۣ

Զȥͣѳ¥ſڣӢ˵üˣ£㹻ٳȥһΡ
ںԶÿθӢ֮ǰкΪʾ˷ŭ
ԶҸ϶Ҳʱ䣬ʮ갡ҽһȥζ࿪ġ
ԶһЦԷ飬ҸӢҪȥĵطرǡ
˲Ҫȥȼٵʲôطˡ


62 ˡ
˺ü,һֱԥҪҪȥϵӢ
裬裬Զ»Ӹ𣿡
ֻŮĵǴСһ𳤴ĵܵ,˵ϱԼѡģ϶ϲģǹͦõģԵʱ˼ü,Ȱұء
ϵ,ܼܵҾסӢڵĸڡ
ҵʱܵܳȥˣֻͱķ¡
˿Խš
Ϊڸ,°¥ݣ˹,Ӧøе¡
û֤ݣҪ׿ڳϷʵ,͵
ӢʱղĶһۣӢȥ
Ӣ⿴˲Ӳ,СڸӢĸá
ֿ,ϲӢ˵Ժĺá
˳̸һ,֪ӢǴһˡ
Ӣᵽ˹˳ɷ,Ҽӵĸ߹˳ɷ,ѾԭǸ,˳ɷôˣ϶ˣҪҪȥ
⺦¹˳ɷѾϲڵģҡҡͷ˵ԺɣԵ֣ټġ
ᣬӢˡ
ڻظĹӪ⿴˼δĹ˳ɷ硣
ϵɬ.ȥ࣬ͷҲȷֱʱҪߡ
ͷɬĺܣϲ˰ɣ
Ӣ˳ɷһԷ˳ɷ綢ǵĴнæֽˡ
Ϊ⣬˳ɷͻȻ˵ͬ־ǰһϰߣҲԴн⡣
ڳԽӢͲԴнͬʱ̧ͷ
εʱǿʵⰢ̣ǰǳԽѽΪʲôڲˣ
ӲС˵ǰĽڷϲԣ˵ʽţҪⲻǲԣûˡ
˳ŲӲӵĻ˵Ӳ˵ĶԣҲʳˡ
СӺú壬֪˳ɷô룿
ߵʱⱾĿһ۹˳ɷ磬ǡҲ˶תͷ

ǺͲӲӵѧУ֯ΣӢίУͬһû뵽ٴ˳ɷ硣
һ˱һСλϡ
ͳλ󣬹˳ɷȳζʱ֫Ӵżʱ˾ࡣ
һСĶܿģ̵ʱʦüҳǩ֣˳ɷ˵ͬ־ָղ׷ǵʱ򣬲СŤˣܲ鷳ǩһ£
һţǩֵʱȻѾı䣬ɻܿЩǰıʼ
ǩ۲˹˳ɷ磬۾Ĺâһ¡
ͻȻͲˣЩˡ
ڶһ磬ֲ֪Ķȥˣȥҳ˰ɡ
װģʲôʱؾЦֱӰѻ
֪ӲռҵĺӣǸİɣôڳҲϸƾԲżˣ
»ţ˵ʲô
ϽƱ磬ŵĲУӢ˸ţȻһȥƫƧĺߣ֪¸ں档

̲ϣӢѾˣ£Ӿ㲻ռҵĺӣͺˣΪʲôҪң˵ʧ֣ʵǹİɣ
Ѿٴηˡ
Ҹ̸ʱǣҲܺڣǴѾˣֻܽʹ
ٴ⡣
ֻһǰ׼ˮԷǳãԼ
Ӣû¶Ӿ©º
ͬеĻҲˡ
Ӣ֤ʣټµڶεıɱһᱻ̡
ֻ˹
ܵҲˣҲãԳԹһµ

˳ɷûö೤ʱͽ˳̸֮󣬾Ľ
ָ߿֮󣬹˳ɷѹؾУ˼Ĵˡ
һ迴˳ɷؼңǳѣ⣬Ӣǰɣ֪㣬ԺӢˣҪôأ
ӢѾ뿪ˣӢ
˵裬Ҹ˳ɷ绹ӢǣŴ߽ܵģΪ̸йͬ⣬ǲžģϣְܽ
豾ͶԹ˳ɷкøУֻǽӢǰ
˹ǣЦ˲⣬Ǿ̸ɣ費ϹŶǾúʾС

⿼ҽѧԺӢҲˣҵ˳ɷˡ
ӢͺԶʮ䣬͹˳ɷһμӣʱջĸ¡
˸Σѵʱ򣬹˳ɷҲˣҲ˸Ρ
˵ƣ˳ɷ˸˵ε¡
Ǹκã˳ɷ˵εһ绹úõĻţá
˳ɷκˣ󱳶ʪˣ¡
Ҳ˸Σˣ֪ϺͲӲӵĸ鶼̫˳ÿÿҹ㣬뵽ͷˣǸ̫ˡ
˳ɷϱСϣöıһ¡
ޱңҺѹڡ


63 šƽ
Ӣ۾,С庰ȥ˻Ŷӡ
Ӣ˻ضʳ߲ˣ۸ֻ˳ǻʮ֮һ,ȥŶ,Ȼˡ
Ӣո˸ج,εû˯ѵʱ,СӵԱȥˡ
ʱıѴҵͷͻȻȥһ硣
ξʱˡ
ȷʵϾõ,Ӣûѹʵǽ첻Ҫȥ𣿡
ʲôѽ,˻ͻȻȫƵ֪ͨ,ȥŶӹʳ߲ˣ
ѾȲ,Ӣ򵽴ף޸ǽԡ
ӳЦѾȥŶ,ü,۸Ǳˣǲ֪û˳ǻصƷʺã
Ӣ²һ㣬۸Ļ,ﳬֵ
ȥһ
أ˻ز֪ĶӣҪŪӻ,ӢԳһ¡
㼱æ,,Ӣñ֪ȻǴ¡
̴ŪӻԼֵ뷨

ӢǵʱǰѾʳ߲ˣҲûС
һһŮ˴׺ŮҧһڸʵƷʱϻ˳ǻô
Ů˵˳ǻһ㡣
˵Ž͵ߣ˳ҧһСڡ
ϻ˳ǻǸҲֻóһСڡ
Ц˵˳ǻصҪһʯһһʯܻʮҾѾﳬֵˡ
ŮҲ˵ǣ˳ǻֻʳ߲Ѿ򲻵ˣǵʳҲԽԽƽ۵ʳԺӺùˡ
ͬɲǣҲΪǵʳ˳ǻˡ
˻Ѿļڲ˵ҪµСȰԺ󣬼͹нˡ
һڴģ¼۸񣬶ֻ˳ǻǱߵʮ֮һ
۸ôֻͣµʱ

ֵӢʱ򣬻عԱϲ˵ˣǽĵھʮλ˿ͣԽصũιۡ
ӢԱĽҪʵܴһι𣿡
ԱźǳǸֻнԼιۣתã㲻ι۵ĻȨ
æȰӢӢǣȥʶʶѧһġ
ӢڴĽĿУ˻صũ

ӢιũǺڣǳᣬӢĹ۲£·壬Ǹսʿ˵˻Щʳ߲ˣġ
Զͣ½Ų΢΢ͷӢߵŵλãЦʵǲǾúϤʵҲһۿ㣬;
Ӣǿ
ǰˡ
ֻһ磬һԼһкԶˡ
Щ˵Ӣͷת˹ȥ
ԶһƬƬɫĵ⾰￴ǸҲУ಻ĵӣЩʳҶöˡ
ԶӢܣʵ˽Щǻмʮ߲˹ϹƷִĿǰܴģģֻ߲ˡ
Ӣ뼸ʮʲôܸı滷ˡ
̲סʵЩ˵ˮó𣿡
Զ̲סЦ˵Ҵмʮ֣ϧĿǰĹӺɬʵѾ֪һЩ֪ԸԸ룬߻Щأ
ӢźԶ춼û˵
Զõġ
º͵ʵǺǰ֪ǲûȥֻڸƿֻæ
㲻Ը⣬ҲǿеЩʳ߲ˣҲάֻ
˾ԶЩݮƻӡ桢âѡ
ȵȡȵȡ
ӢѾˣҪǴӦˣʲôô
ԶһӵĸֹӣЦЭзһӵȻȳԣЩҴģȥȻپҪҪ롣

صʱıѴСӳԱֳԵһˮʱӢѾҪˡ
Щӣÿһֶóԣֻǰյʱ򣬶ӳûؽ𣬴˳ǻһʡ
ο˳ǻѾϻܾˡ
ָҵ죬ҪֲһļˮԳˣ
ӢЩСܣСӳԱΪܣӲκλأβһ
Ӣ˵˻Ѿ֪ˣֳЩʳԺƶҲܵõƣֻҪȽ±һ죬Щƶ߻ȥԼʲô
һӳͻȻʵӢûʹڣЩģ
ûʣˣҹҲ˵İɣ
ӳĬһᣬ˵ȥһ¡
濴ÿˮһСƬ֮󣬲²λڣӦҺͰӢǸ磬ӢлܸȥԺ󶼲ҪѪųʹˡ

˻Ӣļ룬ܸӣܿӦߵ
ûкũＸȫ궼Բ֣ȥסСƷʺͲܣõ˼ڸи˳ǻصѾûвˡ
Ҽ۸Ϊܵߣ²˵㡣
˻صҲõ˼ߡ
ӢũѾһˣλؽڵ治ѡ
ڣܸңЩɹӣ𣿡
ԶҪǿϽֵĻҾ͸㡣
Ӣʲôëأ
ԶӢ룬ֻ
ԶЦΪҲ֪²ʲô
ӢǼˡ
Զ˵ЩӣǴӼġ
ӢȵĿߵûЩӣ˵ļ磬ǺԶͲˡ
Ӣ˵⼸һֱһ϶ΣǸطûбޣ˰ҵѧйԳƵԴˣǸط𣿡
ԶͷĿƵʵûΣǱ߲ĵطص磬ͲĶԱѪȥ𣿡
ӢҪˡ
һҪѪ֪ܶ
תͷҪܣȴԶһס
˵һ֫Ӵһ˲䣬˵ͬʱӿ졣
ԶЩ˵ĵҲˣһֱȥ᲻뿪㣬ӢҪҪһȥ
Ӣǲʶһ࣬Ҫ˸ߣÿ𣿡
ԶĿᶨҲ֪ʲôʱϲˣȥĶѡĸ𣿡

Ӣû뵽ĸȥԶ̸һΣ󷴶ȰԶȥ
ǺԶҽռǣ˵Ľרдģûпȿռپɡ
Ӣһϵʱ䣬Ǳռǡ
һʱգһԼдš
ǸʱһԼ̫࣬ʧȥ˶ѣǰ׼ӢӵЩˡ
ҲҺãһջҸ
ӢռǣǸĸһȥҺԶ
һԼǵ
һţһȿԻؼҵš
ȫ᡿
