¡
:ʯͷˮ

İ
£Ըһƽϲ֡

ݱǩǿǿж֮ϳɳ
ؼ֣ǣٟRǣ
һ仰飺ĳɳʷ
⣺ΪŮǿ

VIPǿƽ£
عڣｭɽʮ켹Ӷ齡£ٹ߷űƵĹâСʱϲ飬ڴǰ˪ѩֳȻ󣬴һš˵Сʱʲôɵõ뿵£ˣɽĽ¡
¸չֻʼҵĸ֡¡ִӸչֳõĽ𣬶ȥζŮĳɳһ̽ıϸ壬履չʧΪһƪ


1 ɴ
RҲ
ɴһҲֻƥ˻ʺʣµĶˡ
ҲΨɴޣǵµ󡣡
Ĺ滨Сһ߷ٟRԴΪƳɵ£һ˵ЦССٟRСƵ̾ˣĪҪ˵ԵÿֻһֲЩɫĸĸңŴ͸ҵġ
˾кЦעССĹΪޱһ֧ССΣй̧¾ٟRžн̻Ի͵Ļɴ£¶ЩͯĿ˾ǵ£ȥ̫￴
šٟRͷߣߵƫſڣһͷӰҴҶûע⵽ƫſڵٟRͨһƿˣֱӴ˽ȥ
ٟRеЦѾȥĸ
ôǳʲô
ٟRվƫſڣܿĿǱߴٟRٴЩͻǱӶ㿪ǹȥһʵ̫Сʱ𾪵һʱסˡ
˾΢΢ٟR˵£ͷȣȻصЪһЪɡ
ٟRع˾ǵССдŵǣ裬ȥЩĸôæ϶д¡
ǡ˾̾ȥٟR˻ƫϢ
õĹ˲˵Цֻ߸ߵ͵͵Ŀ϶⴫ٟRЩԹ˵ҶЩ
ٟRٹ֣̫ϥ£ӵģٹƫĸ֣̫
Ҳ֣̫꣬ȥ㿪ʼʰƫƫʰãղٟRᵽƫס
˾ٟRŮ٣һֱٟRߡ
ߵĹˣҲ֣̫ѡģСõģʹЩģ˵Цƶġ
Ҳֻ˵ЦƣοٟRȷſģסһ֪ʲô£뷨ӡ
ٟRͷ
꼫СۣѾףþӹλĸʧ̬޵ٹ£ȻС¡
ٟܰRҵ
ĿûгãٟRһû꣬˾Ǳˡ˾һ񣬡£游ˡոյ֪£̫ߡ
游С΢ôôͻȻȥˣʲôʱȥģôû˵ĸң游ڳ߾λǹҲǳд£ȻҪ۵СٟRס֣̫ߣ϶֪Ķ硣
˵ţٟRüëĸ߶ûŶĸô֪ģ
ǲܵ£
˾ŵĺᣬ£վ͹ˡ̫˵СΪ񣬲ø
ٟRȳԾҲ⣬Ϊʲô㲻ңôĸ֪أ
ƫƺϡԵĹ˶˾ɳˮ֪ū澱㶶˵ˡ̫ﲢδ˾µǣոҲعϢٹ밲
ٟRĬһû֪ССʲôã˵ֲãܾûĸˡĸЩ죬϶ҾȻһû߸˵׼ء
£Ϊ֮ŮӼǳҲûءοͻС·񡣡˾ǵ
游ţ𣿡ٟRʡ
˾˫ֽȻĴСǰվ˰̬Ҳ˾ǵ֪֯һƥɴҪٵô
˾ǵʮ֯ͳһƥֱȾɫɣһ覴ãҲΪƷʧ˽ϵʸ񡣡
£ɴˣοˣ游˽Ϊݵ𣿡˾ǵ£ʼ󣬶ҪصĹأ֪ǻʼңҲ
ҲҪ游ԩٟR˵ҾͻȻ֪游ţܳԾЩңҾͲԾˡ
е£Ȼ׵ġٟR֣̫ߣĿȾƢҲ֣̫ơ˿̣峺˾ǣٟRһθܵ˵Σ˾ǵ˭ŴһúõĲźء
裬ǹȥĸɡ
ʵٟRǸԵĺӡ
֣̫ϲ׵ֳǸɵΨһĻӣĸйҲǽй֮µĹԺޱȡ
ԡ
˵ʲôԭ
ۣˡ
ſڵС̼ٟRǰӭˡǰΪٟRٟRסٹȻǲͨġ
ȻĹҲӭ
֣̫Ͽ£ٟRҲܸˣһЦѹȻ˾Ƶġ
ҲϲٟRһȹڣǰ֣̫ϣոԺãͿĸˡ͵˵ȡ
ٟRûлرܸոߵ£˵趼˵ˡĸԺ£Ҫҡ֪ôԭġҪǲԭҾͶˡ
֣̫µһЦˣ޼СΣף㵹Ǳĸ
ٟR룬游ĸԣǸסҲ۶ԴҪĸէ游һ㱯ûУǲְɣ
˵ĺܶԡ֣̫ȿ϶ٟRĻӹ֮λҪһ㣬ʱ֮ƣȻй֪㵱ȷ̬ȡҲ˸֮ȴƫƫøߣʧȴ棬ʲô˼أ
ǵϮپλҲҰõɷ򡣵꣬Ҳй֣ǹЩǹЩԼס֣̫΢䣬СС飬ѭ˽ֻһ֡ڴϣѭ˽ѭ˽׼ѭ˽
֣̫ٟRȵգԶԶĲУ֣̫齵ķɷ֣Ͻ񣬡Rὥ󣬻ףҿܲеӡҸ㣬ΪҪһ壬һǶԴ


2 ѵ뱮
˵֣̫£˾ǸٟR˵һ˵ٟR׼ÿ궼гģɵϥһһŮٟRá
곤ЩѾʮһ꣬ǻʳӣӦùЩ
ʼҲֻٟRһλټ֣̫Ը֣̫ƫŮҲٟRȴһǵջ졣
˵ȳֵҪʢһЩ
ڣٟRǹŮλУ֣̫ƫҲۡĸľϲŮôˣ
ֲӡ
ٟR˾ϵĵӣĬĬȥԱȣŸʢһЩ
Щˣȥͦá
¾Ҫʽ顣̫˵ǰˡ˾ΪٟR͡
ٟRǸĺӡʱڣԵıֱֻӣƩ磬ӻϣرԴϣõĳ谮
ٟRȴ˵ǰҵͱȰֵĻҪֱ֣飬ҲҴҵǸҪ𣿡
㲻һֱ˵£зȹءԭȣҵӦʲôأ
磬ǰջӵٰġӵ磬ӵйأ磬Ҫȴӵѷɡ˾ǵ
ٟRûֳ̱ãǲ˾ǣҸһĸͬΪʲôҾҪѷڰ֣
˾Ǿڹƶȣѧʶ༫ѣ̫.ʵ۵Ĺ涨̫.иǰ˸֮£Ϊ¶𱰡£һǹһǱ¹⣬й涨Ůɡ
۾ԲǳȣΪʲôбΪҪõ񷨡ΪʲôŮҲҪҲΪ𣿡
ٟRʣ밢֣ѵһһĸʣһĸΪʲôҵҪѷڰ֣
£ֻ̫.ӹġ˾ǵ
̫.ʵۿ϶ܲϲŮӡٟRóһۡ
ԡ˾ѡ
ֻ˵ٟRۣȻڱǰ˵ĻٟR˻Сȣĸϲңÿ궼˾ĵĸ׼硣СҲûﲻ簢֡
£ԵķԸô˾ʡ
ССһһµĸ˾ϵĵӣٟRʣ裬ƷŮ٣Ʒ̹٣ǵٺһ𣿡
˾ףǡ
ǰʱŮʲôأٟRʣĸҽ̫Ĺ£ﳯ1ʵۺϲѲ£ʵ۲ڵ۶ʱʵ۵ĸ̫ƹܳҪʩʱʵ۶ѯĸ׵̫ҲǰŮӣ𣿡
˾ǵŮٺãи֮ӣҲͲ˰ɡ
ٟRȻ˵Ҿĸ¡
˾ǵĿЩ»ûʱǷԭһ޴ѵ뱮ǷǽڹĹţʯһ̫.ʵۡ˲øʣһԵ»ʺġҾ
ٟRĲ׽˾ǻеص㣬ԭУû𣿡
̫˽ѵ뱮̫.ǰʹ˱̫.ʵۣʾ󱲲̫.ʵԵ»ʺѵ̵֮⡣
ٟRꡱЦˡ
˾ǵĴҲ̣ܿ¹ڳ
ٟRЦһĸĸ϶Ǻʲôѵ뱮ģϲĶ϶.տźء
ֻвϲĶŻ۲Ϊ
ٟR¸˾ʣµ磬ҪҪھͷԸ˾Ȼ۳͵ˣǰ׼š
ٟR鶯˶Ħ˾ĵ˵£ȵʱ򣬰ѵϷĴȥһȥ౸Щʱ߹ϹӲźá
Ͱ𣿡˾ٴʡ
ٟRۺõĵӵݸ˾ǣͰ
֪ΪʲôȻ֮䣬ͲԸˡ


3 ֺ

Ĳ
ʦһ񣬡£ڿξݵ˰ɡ
ֱܿʦذ繦ζǵΪֹʦˡ
ĿʦˣС̽Ϊ鰸ʳнһ̧εС̡ΰڷ̴ͣʳУϸɵİ䣬伸򵭵ӡ
繦νòϰߡ
£ιף׵һλǰ֣գ׵λţλҴλһ֭ӣңʺӣҳɫķۣԵɫɿɰ
ָָ֣֭ӣ˵ӣңҲǳӣҵĽ³
ֻҰԣұҲӣңҲ˼ˡҴȥ˵޴󰭣ֻδ󰲣ܽԽ̵ȡһ֭ӣңұȥ
ɫ糣ӦһǡūͷԸȥ졣
λĿ֣һۣ֣ɫֻ´
ʳԵĹأù㣬λһ˳
ȥٹĸ밲һˣȥٹȥĸֺ

й֣̫ɫʽʦЩΣЩ㣬õ㡣
һһˡ
һϣϰż£ãRѧˣ
ţҽѧ˺ü֡
ٟRʱ֣̫ż̹ʫʣͷŮСӴǽܻģٟRǹѵõǣڶǵáʣɻᡣ
֣̫ٟRֵʱ򣬶пֻйĿ֮£׼ˡ
֣̫ҲǿʶûйĿ֮ܡ
ԣٟRСǧֻ֡ٲñʣûϰְˡѰһЩ鱾Ҳ米ˡ
֣̫ʱҲᷭһ֣вʶֻĸ˾ǡ
ЦŸ֣̫˵ĸҲͰRǹҪͷӣ϶ܿ״Ԫ
֣̫ļ磬ȥ㸸ʰɡĸӲʣȥͳ¡
ǡ˵ĸײʣȥˡ
ٟRֱӰæ뿪ʶĸ˵ɼҲ֪游֮¡
༱ȥĸף·ϱߵļЩ̽ϣʣô
ǡ±𼱡΢϶̫ҽˡʲôҩУϸġ
Ҫĸܷġ
ǹĸףŸɫЩ˵ĻްҲֻΪǵĸסµ˵ʷģĸд󰭵ġȥĸ밲̷ҩ
ɵ˼ֻ˵һ䣬úøĸ˵˵ĸ˵
ɵ۵ĻȻסһɫʵʣҪĸ˵ʲô
̧յĸ첲ȥɵ˼֣˵úýָһ̧򷢶ȥˡ
ĴֺﶼǻЦַǳȴƺ壬ĲģԺﶼûˡ
ֱֱȥ˶ӣһɴǽȥˡ
һصϣͷȫޣһѺ˿ίǰӲ԰ף۾̴ס
ͨһˡ
ѿ첽һĸݣＱʣĸôˣѱǰվǰϸʣĸ˭㲻ˣ
ȦȻһ죬ǿˮû£˭ҲˡǴ㸸ǶѧЩΣʦѧɡ
ְһʷԣ˵˵
ҶͦõģʦҲ̵ĺá˵Һúÿĸģ˵£΢΢ףͬĸ˵ĸΪʲôأ
㡭нˮǲͣǿ̻ȥȴûסˮ̰ӿһ䣬нסˮ
ĸĸĸ׵Ӽֵ֣ۿҲʪˣǿ̱ʹ࣬£游ˣչˡ
𾪼ˡ
СҲ֪޳ĵңٵ֪游͵ȷԳ֮Ϊˡ
ţҲûӵ°ɡ
ʣ游ʲôǰҲ˵游Щ̹ôͻȻȥˣ
ԶӴɵ۾ȥٹ֣̫ȴǲѳ͢Щ߰¸߶ӡ
ǿȥˮͣҲ˵׼ġҲһʱ˸Уʲô󰭡ģû¡
ථµĿĸףҪĸײģʹĸ;˾ǣҲҵһݵô
뵽ҾŵͷããĻ
ڰοĸף̳ʱӲͷƤ£ȥٹ̫ˡ
ȥĸ˵Ҹĸ˵һٹȥڵ
̫ֹ֣ǰȰ޵¸õˡ
û¡ĲᣬŶӵ˵ҾЩܡҲˣҾɻͺˡ
ǰ£ȥ̫Ǳ߶ɡ´ˣѧΪ̫ǰֵ
һʲôϵܲĸס
û¡Щͬ˵ȥɡǽҺú÷ɢɢ˵ڣʲôĵء
Ȱţ෽͹ȥĸҹĸš
áȥɡǧᣬǴ򷢶ӹȥһۣףȥֵ໰ٹТõֺ¡
ԶսﲻӰַۻڵͶʪֽ²˼ڣҪСʱС䣬С̫˵˵û
޵鷢ۣ۾һ̫̾һϲRɰRǸСӣܶʲô첻ô¡
ҲԵ£¹ڼһ̫ȡӣԺ⹬Ҫ»صǹλˡֵֻҪȥ˵׼ĺģ׼磬̫᲻أ
һ˼Ƭ̣ҡЦѵǵһʶ̫ôʱ򰢟RСӵһ仰㳯Ϧġ
ֵ̫ӲϦġ̫ҪģȲҲǷǹ̫Ҫ˵֪£ڻ˵㡣
꣬ӷǹߺ֮ȨҲɽ֮Ȩ´ͻǹôΪʲôڷǹϲֵĸûغ֮Ȩʱﱸأ
ǹףнΪ̫̫͡ԴͻջءķǹжôĻ֣̫̿ǰͻжô˳
̫ͬģ̫


4 Ūɳ׾
ǹ
˾ܹܹ˵ĵӸĺˡŮٽ˾ĵӳϡ
֣ʺ󷭿Ȼ繫Ըǰ㣬ֻһʣµĶʱʹߣӡ
ԻСϸ±ˣ٣ʡ
֣ʺŮٵҿⵥӸĵĲ˾ܹܵĸRɻ⡣ֱӷԸ˾̸ˡ
Ůһȥ¡
ʱŮٻعҲ˵ĵĲͰεĵӰˡ
֣ʺЦЦʣRɱˣ
ŮŹȡһ񵥣˵󣬹ҪʽˡūȥЩī
ϼʺСŮ黨ΣҲ˾ƵĹװϣбī飬ʮȫͺܺá
ŮʮԥʽǰйػһԵ»ʺġҴʾԹİء
֣ʺüһֹĸ󲢲ϲҴ顣
Ůڹж꣬ԴȻҲΪѵǣʵʮŮ۪ι鲻˳һֱδԵ»ʺ´飬ֻһƷԶڱ겻ûȵλʱ˳᳤㱻ȵջ͡ҴҲƽ֣ķ˳ᡣΪЦ꣬ҲǽźЩ
ٟR֣̫Ӱ̫ϲϲ飬ҹȴܵйʹΪ١
֣ʺʱʱǻʺ֣̫ҲֶŮ´顣
ֻǡ
⣬ɳȡ
һƬٴ鰸ϡ
飬ƳӰӡ
ʱ֣ʺ󲢲ǽڵģòá۲ѧ㡣
ġҴãҲΪ˳ڵ۶
µ˴ͣ˶˵ĸйѡǳ㡣ʥּʱ֣ʺ̼ǵؼҾ°͵ģԼҲǲʥּˣĶ⡣
ǲܵ¡
ʥּλ
ĶҲû⡣
¶Ľ˻ʺ
ġҴҲãѧҲֹܱаˡ
һ飬¼ȤĲѰŮעͶд屾ྫ塣
ܳһʱ䣬֣ʺ󶼲⣬ΪʲôѡΪйСʱܴСұֵͷ
£곤ףŵԵ˼ҾЩѡ
ǻ֣ʺ¼޵׼
˭֪ʺ
֣ʺŮٵЩ̸꣬Ҵ˽ˡĸҲûر𽫴͸ļҹŮ׼
°Ҵԣĸ಻Ƴ£
Ů΢΢ţ츮ТꡣʱİµÿճһλˡдµİҲҪһλ
ĸ밲ʱĸ˼ɡۻӰǹ֣ŮһݣпȱҲ֣ҵĺӡ˭ҺӲϣ֣ʺǲֵġ
֣ʺȥ鷿һԼʱ飬ڸڡ
ٹ밲֣ʺδɵۣϲã򷢹˵ǹǰ˼١
֣̫֣ʺһţʱ֣ʺ˵˻ӹ¡
֣̫۪ι겻ͱݣҲǻʼҶһˡ۶סЩӣﺢӴҲ
֣ʺҸ֪⣬̵۪ιЩ궼ڼأҼǵҳӴǰ۶ְĸҲԼˣʹ۪͡ιһֱڷأ۶õľ١ĸǲ˾һ¹
֣̫ףĺܵôɡ
ٟR֣̫һѾұճİλĸ۪ιĺ󱲲ϡ
ٟRǵһ˵λ۪ιȿٟR룬һ۪ι¡Ҫĸĸἰ֪ʼһһλġ
ڶϣ֣ʺٹ֣̫˵֣ɵ³֣ʺˡ
ٟRŸɫǺܺãƵ۶һֺܰĸо
ͬĸ˵һȥֺĸ밲ˡ˵ҪȥֺǶһ䣬úĸ˵˵
ǣʡٟRСʲôʱڵģСƵķһ䣬Ҳúĸ˵Ŷ
ɵ۱⻰Цȥɡ
ٟRЦˣҲ𴽽ǣ˾һֺȥˡ
ֺڡ
ǰ׼ʳģٟRһٟRѾùţùˣĸõʲôûкһ㣿
㲣صԱٟRϻȹԵû£ŶЩ
һ࣬⣬򲻴ҳһ顣
ͷɼ㡣
ĸõʲôٟRҲܹĸס
ִΪش𣬡Ĺ磬ֻһ嵭ࡣ
ⲻõİ˾ĵҶˣͦõġٟR˵
־ȣô˾ĵˣ
ĸҿҪĵطҾͿ¡ٟRţ˾飬ĵͦͦãͦ⡣
ɻ⣿

̫ϲ˾ǲŪġɹǴ£ǰͿʼٳֻ֣ǲϾġȻ
ٟR٣ֻΪĸǵ񣬴˵һĶڵõģ˾ô᲻أ
֪ͷŵءͬλݣͬõõĶҲöһ
ٟRδܹ˭ҿԣûԼ룬ʣ˾ûĸõõĸ𣿻ǸĴһȵģ£ȥĸ˵
ٟR
ǡ´οŵĸŮǾῴίġ٣δز̫ǰ˵ϻ
ֵ˼磬ǵԼ˶Ųźá
ٟRˣһֱĸΪֵô
˵Ҫϣ֪̫̾ûʺƹˡ
ʱ˿̣ٟRʲô˼
û˵ί˵ﲢҪʺǹ磬ܲġ
ٟRǸӣǱִĴ֪¹Ŀ
ٟRСټܳ裬źͯ棬ƽǺˬ顣ոΪĸ˾ίͻֱ˵ȥĸ˵
ֵĻٟRģģоиĺ壬ͼʶһʱ˵ֱģûһӦ¡
ٟRߴֵƵĸϣ˵游չţĸҲصΪ游ĵġ͵ˣĸЩ֮ܺô
һϵⲻΪ˹ô
ٟRı˵ҵĶˣʲôȶŮ¸Ҫء
ĸ׵ĸٟRܣѪԵ׽οĸףĸͷİɡĸҲܾĵģ˵һǰĸĸڣ˾ѵŪ
ǲܵġٟRóԼĽۡ
Ķ˾õа㺬
ԣٟRΪ绻˻ʺ־ͻܵ
ٟRϣЩһٟR˵ôˣģ˵ƣӹô
ٟRƵһᣬĸŮܵĽӴȻֿٟRһ˲ѹͬʱĸ׵Ļҽĸ׵˼
ĸײǵ磬ǲûʺƣԣĸҪڻʺƹʱȨ
ٟRһֱõķŭ
֣̫˾ֱ֣̫ͬ˵Ժ˾ĸ
һֱΪǳ׽ĸ׾ȻҪ
ֱ˵ĸٟR˵£ٟRûŭֻΪѡϾⲻܹܵ¡
װģε磬¶Ŀ
ٟRŸܵƭ
ԭǰĹĶǼٵģװģƭģ
ٟRССеһܵƭĻǰٟRѾ裡裡
򷢵ò˾͵ֱ嵽ҡٟRͼ⺢ӣôôˣ
ūɡ˾ǰȴסЦ˵һͺˣһͺˣǸء
˾һֱָӿס󣬡ſ
ԭסĴٟRٟRһ˾ǣֻСץס˾ǵ½󣬴ޣ裡裡
ٟR¾ͱ͵ٹ֣̫֣̫Ҫܹʱ䣬ٟR˾չˡ
˾ϳȵʱٟRСС˫ֱסֻ˵һۣʱѾٟRֺ߳Զˣ


5 
ٟRһ·޻ٹ
ֱӾ֣̫
ٟR׳󣬹ȻǺܰ˵Ц飬ȴҲӲǰ޵ĺӡʱͷǳչˣֻҪʱι̡򲼣ޡˣ£⺢׳ԶȫƻʼҹŮ㽿Ҳûʲôر޲ϲʳʶãƽʱҲ
֣̫ڵھй˼豧ٟRѾǰӡй˽ˡ
˻δ֣̫꣬Ѿȥˡ
˾ǻָ侲·һ·ٟRڿ޵ѺЩֽ֣̫ӹʣǰRôǣ
ٟRСС첲סĸĲӣٴθ߰ĸĸ
֣̫ḧźӵļٟRƽ
˾׵ɫҲָ
ٟRĸʱ˾Ƕһյ֣̫ıˣǳòúȡ
ٟRգҿʣĸһ˵Ťӣĸ֣̫ιӿ޵ʪģƤͷ΢΢ź죬ʱʱҪһȴżδֱ˾ǡ
ٟRһС֣̫ҪҪٺһЩ
ٟRҡҡͷ֣̫ˣ˭ǰRôİ
ĸһʣٟRЩޣˮۿת֣̫ˣ̫û۾޻ġ
ٟR۾޻ǿţŬȥ
ٟRǸӣٟRı൱͸ĸ˵ˣԭΪĸĵҵ첻áһοõģ˾ͦĵġҲ֪һһͣΪĸĸˡҸĸ˵ĸҵ硣
ٟR˸еһΪĸĹңԭǴŹҵ壬ҰĸҪȨ
ĸ˵ĸôôα
֣̫ᣬΪް
šҾ̫ѹˡٟRԼСظ޺۾ǳϴľ棬ûһ˿֣̫˵һ飬̫ѹˡ
֣̫ҵһαƭʱҲѹ
ٟRĸĸġ˭ƭ㣬ȥѵ
֣̫Цβһ˿ϸƣٟR˵ԣǵúúö飬ЩƭʱԽѵƭǵˡ
ٟRСԴ֣̫ñ£ĸһ£ҿֶʶû
ٟRܿ챻תעùţٟR˯ϰߣ˯죬˾ǵ֣̫ǰūʵ뿪°벽
ƷºȲ裬Υ棿֣̫һнٺҵһּܲСκγأκ뿪㶼ɲᣬҪڹߡҪ¡
ǡū澽ǡ
˾ֶʮӡ
ǡ
һÿж洦ġ
ǡ
˾Ǽֽ̣ʵʵʮ壬ƳֺˡҲûҽԩŹʰã׼
ٟR˯˾ͬ˵˴£ٟRߺû˵ʲô
ʺߣҪҪȥƣ˾ͬ˵һ¡
ĸʲôʱģ
˯ûŵ¡ʺʱ¼ǵøʺл
ţ֪
ʺһֱܺãΪٟR֣̫߳춼Ҫʺ⡣ٟRҲŻʺǻˣʺǵĸҲӦ𾴵ĳ
ٟR͸߸˿ȥˡ
ߵȷ֣ʺٟRֺһ·޻ٹ£򷢹ġ֣ʺ밲ٟRʺл
ʺЦϲͺá
ٹùţ֣ʺ˻ع
ǹڣŮ裬ڷģֶ
ԭñӵģֻⲢ˽ģ۰R⺢Ӱˡ֣ʺ֪Ůǵʱ߸Եǽ£Ƶġ⺢ӣʱЩ
ū澵ţͶԵճǻ첻̫ȥ⡣ŮٵЩ꣬ٹҲÿ棬òҲ񡣡
RòƱ£أĸĸ׹ֶȻˡĻ飬֣ʺȴᣬ¶ֲԵЦ⡣
Ůٽһԣʵйλ˱ýȢޡ⹬۶ٻӹĺӡذԼĺӣԭӦġ
֣ʺڰ֣ǵĸӹԼĸԭЩС֣ŪҸҪƵġûҪ
칬
С̫صϢüֹΪRˣĸĸֵô
ūҲ֪ǲԵʣū˵﹬޵Ŀˡ磬־𷣡
У֪ˡ
繦νٹ밲ĸղȥֺĸ˵ĸҪ޷𣬲ȥš
С̫ͷ
㣬ãʲôԵʡ


6 
ڶѧٹٟRһʱٟRܷ¡
ٟRо̧ͷ˵ֿɻˡĸҲα
ôô˵ĸ˵ãŮģ˵ǺܲΪ
ٟRǸвԵĵطҲҪô˵ءĸĲԣΪʲô˵ˣ
Ҳ˼ĸǶðȥʺůֻίš
ٟRͰĸ׺һһ͵˸磬ڳҲãԴԴô£ѧһ˵ٟ꣬Rʸ磬ѵĸαôֱӸ˵ΪʲôҪŹҵƭңƭˣα
ϾٟR꣬ѾһЩ򵥵ʡ˵ĸܾٳ磬㲻֪ǰĸ˾ˡϲԵĶȵӣϲˣϷ˾׼ˡֻǣĸһ룬Щġ
ǵġĸ׿ڸ˵ģҪǽ˵ƣûҵĺӹٟR˵ʵڣĸڹ¡
΢ȣĸǱ游ţһʱ˵û񡣡
ٟRһҰæҲֱ˵ҪĨŵġ
ŵͣȻۼû£˵ĸӹĸĸǵ˻Сɡ
ôܰʾ͸һӣһŮ˭Сĺӣ㶮һĸ׵ͬø׽ĵ
⣬ȴɵΨŮ˭Ҷð
˵ͷż£ۼȻûеġ
Ǹ˵ʲôн𻷶Ȼһ֣ٟR˵ľ翴ҷֿˣ
ЦտģҲЦˣӹ졣
磬ȥԺﵴǧɡ
࿴⣬ͷ£дģ˵ֻһҲ̫ߡ
֪
ٟRһ֣͸߸Ժﵴǧȥˡ
֪ĸǷ˹ɻ䣬ȻҲĸãɰ˵ĸйʺԭ¾͸ĸܡ
ʱĸǷףĸƹ
ĸ󰲣ԭҲðѹ񻹸ĸ
ֻǣ˭û˽ء
ĸ˵ĸҪ𣬲ȥĸ಻Υĸ˼ǸТ˳ĺӣÿĸȥĸ밲Ҳĸģĺܺá
Ȼĸˣٴĸĸ飬ĸĸ
ⷬοݲᣬҲٟR
Ůϵ⣬һۡҪ˵һ۰RһЩСŮܾèƵģˡ
һ߶ţˮðϸϸСݣ㽫õĳ˽ȥˮΣ̳ϸɴڣϸˡʢһڵĸ̵ͣ
õ档ҪҲܹȥRȥ߸˵ĹԽǺã水óԣֺٹҲһξ룬㽫ֿš͵ٹԵʱڣ治磬ζҲġ
ֳ㽫ʹԼĸŮ١
İɡĸŮĶбĸŮ׽ءŮٽʳУΪ˸棬ˡū͹ȥܸϵţڵЪһЪɡ
Ǿ뾢ȥˡRʱףҵǰƽ÷汣á
Ůʱȥ֣̫ҪŵʱʳԹ棬Ůٳϡ
Ůǹĳ棬ţҲԸһ磬׼ˡҲһ˰ģʮʱŨ
֣̫Ǿͳɡ
ʳԽֳݣٟRĸ棬˳ζһ˿Ҳɢˡĳ棬ðɡҲˡ
Ůɫһɡ
֣̫ٟRСƵģ̲סЦ֣̫һŵ֣ʺҲ˳Ƶĸ󣬰RĺӣȻҲһμӵģɡ˵ЦҲ֡
֣̫ٟRR˵أ
ٟR룬ȴû֣̫ͬĻ˵ĸ㲻ǸҽϦľ˵㻰˼ô㻹˵Խǹܵ˶࣬Խ˵㡣ǲǣ
ţ˵֣̫λ죬װȻĵ˵ͷ
ԣĸҪңҾŵĸµľɡʱ䲻̣ȽϺʡ
֣̫Ҳ֣صĵͷţУͰR˵İɡ
Ůæлл̫лʺл¡
ٟRŮٷԸ˵ȥҪĸ˵ĸĸ˵ûġĸð
ܻĳ֣ʺգۣĸ󣬵ϯҲĸһϯɡ
ԭͷԸ˵ġ֣ʺЦ
ĸĸãʱ㹬ȥͰɡĸ϶رм
áʱ˾ȥ͡
ллĸ󡣡ٟR۾Ц
ٟRţĸ϶ĸ󲢲۸ҲͲЩĨŵ˼ˡ
֣ʺľţR⺢Ĳ


7 ѧ
źŮʳлع
ŮٽʱΣʺΪʱһЦʺã˳˵û
ٟRĽڶΪ£ҲЩ֣̫ٟR˼ˣٟR׹Ů˳Ƹ̫˵̫ͷȥˡ
ԭֻҲû޵ĺá
ǿǸϢ
Ͼ̫ǻϣҪǻϣô˵ġ
ҲûȥţR׼Σ
ū澻ع·ԶԶ˳᳤Ǽٹȥ˾ܹҲһ͹ȥˡŮٵİɣع˭֪̫ǹ˭ίء
ͺáŮȻģҲ׹Ů
ٹ
˳ỹӢˬ֣̫Ȥķᡣ
˳᳤ӹ˷Ĳ裬ֹ¶Ĺװдྶͥһխ乬װ
ŮӺխˣԳȻΪֿխ䣬ʱխ¡
˳᳤ЦлĸҽйԳ
ʵ۲ϲԣʺڹбҲûдԵı졣ԳţʱȥܰҹһҲʹи֣̫кЦοҿ»ܴԵĸҲһˣڣ˽ΪǸ˼ֻЩ廨Ů֮ء
˭ã̫.ʵڡҪǰʱŮΪΪѰӡ˳᳤ѮòӲ˵ĻòӲҲĸЩ꣬һɿ
سǣ㡣
ĸֻܷԸвӦ
ⲻǰRҲˣˣǶѧ͡ʦѾźˣ鲻н̰RŮ滭֮ˡ
˳᳤΢΢ףǹѧĸΣʱʦǵ۶ٲдΪʦ
дǽ̵ӵġ
ΪRһλʦҲǿ塣֣̫˳᳤·ĪֻһͲܳסˡ
˳᳤ٟRٟR۷ŹĿԼĸĸӣ˵ʣôĸһִָĴôǵѧˣǲҲܳȥˣ
֣̫Цѧ˲ȥ
ҿ϶ѧûᣡҿѵģٟRаʮֻ棬Լ˳᳤ˣͽ̽ҰɣҺܴģ϶ѧֺֿã
֣̫ЦôԼţǫ㡣
ҶЦ
˳᳤Ϊˬ죬һӦ£ٟRɣĸ׼Ñɡ
±㶨ˡ
۫һе۫ʵ۵ĵܵܣҲǻ屲۫зأ̫.桢ƫ;δǰأڵ۶һ׽
֣ʺĽ㣬ֶ֣̫Ů۫
۫Ůϱһ֣̫֣̫Դλһ˵һʱ֣̫
ţڼɥˡ֣̫ɩ֣ϷΪףܵٹΰݵģƷƷ׵ģͷ
ٟR磬˼൱ŮȴҼ񣬿ٟ֮RҲеطӴԼСѡ
֣̫ĻúԼȥߣˡ
һգȻǼʢġ
ɵҲ
ֻǣ֪۫γ̺вɵۣĽԭ̫ʺԸϳ졣ֻǣϳΪһ˿ף֪Ǽ٣
ɵ۵˵ʲô£
۫һԵ»ʺд͡Ů淶дĻŮӦʲô飬ӦѧϰεǡԵ»ʺ涨ŮѧһҪıǡҴŮвϰġοҳŮ꾲ΪҪô˵Ҫ˳̹Եģ
ֱƣ۫Ӷһһģʼҳһ˳ỹĪҪٳڶ
壡ɵ۴۫Ļһԡ
۫̾ҾһֱżϥҲֻйһŮȻϳΪءϳţ̫Ҫʥ¡
ŮܲᡣŮӻǰɼУĽ˼ңŮӻǰӲ¥뷿Ǻε˳۫пݲǰȣҲٰܻȥ¡


8 Ҵ
۫ĵǴɵ۵ǳڶȨᣬԸ׶Ů۰
ֶεȨ
ȨıĸͣТ
ɵ۲ԸŮΪڶĸ
۫˺ɾȥٹ밲
ٹҶԣٹڵ׽ִ۾ɵЩʵۡ
ٹ̫޹ԭٹΪ̫꣬ĸɱȵµڸ׸࣬콫˹ٹ
ԡٹջأɵ߽ٹ
̽ȥͨʣɵ۵ڵʱ֣ʺ˳᳤ٟRɵ֣̫󣬶ɵ
ɵº͵˵ɡ
ϸʵôˣ֣̫ʡ
ҶȻ𰢟RҪʽѧ飬˾ȡ¿ġҴ谢Rһףʱá
֣̫һЦʲôľˣЩ꣬Ҷû͹ŮǾ鲻ʱˡRССѧĳ飬ѧظˡ
оĺôŴ䣬һǾأɵۿĸϣһɰŮĸ׵Ե»ʺ̫.淢ޣҳĶûġ
Ե»ʺˣ֣̫͵ݻҽԵ»ʺ⻰Ҳˡ
䲻ܼ̫.ʵͣҹŮҪϰҴΪŮӱʡֻRһŮҲԻʼҹŮķ緶ɵۼ
ʵ˵ģҴͲ緶ˣ֣̫˹ǣԵ»ʺʱҲû飬ҲԵ¶ô²ŽԱŮӶˣԵ֮ǰûСҴҲûЩŮʷʵ̫ˣһѡ
¹ذRأǶΪ֮ġɵۿ󣬡ĸ¶Ƭİɡ
˵һ飬ɵ֣ƺֲһ¡֣ʺ˳᳤һʱ˵
֣̫ɵۣɵĿᶨʱˣЩ΢㣬ӭĸ׵עӡ
֣̫һһ£ĸŷ齷֣ʣʵۻԵô
ɵ۵ţĸҪ˳ʽ̰R֮£Rͻ̫СЩ־Ȥ˵֮²١
֣̫˵ٟRѾ¶ŨŨʧѧôʣȻСҲСǰѧʱȥСңҲǺСʱѧʣҲھѧһСˣѾǴˣ
˵ţ·齣׸ǰŸ׵ɵŮͷͯľȤĶˣôġ
ʱҲһ󣬴ѧҵȻҲѧٟR˵
ôһкӡ
˳ҲŮӰٟRǶ˵ˣѧ˳ʹȥԡһͷϻʡ
ɵۼȲϲŮ赶ŪǹָжŮТģ鲻ԽƽƽģúóԷԹʾͺܸˡ
УһҪһͷϻ͸ʡٟRοʷİɡ˳費ˤŵģҿ϶ѧĺܺá
Ůӻ˳꾲ΪR࣬кܶ೾ġ
Ҳ¿ࡣҲ£һϴɾġ
ҪСӵĿڲţɵ˵ʲ뿴ôࡣ
ͷİɡҾЪһЪȲѧˡٟR󣬡ʹӦ˰ɡ
ɵۿԼŤŤȥҲΣѧҴҲҪһѧ
аٟRһӦ£ʣҴҲɣ
ţԵ»ʺΪŮΪ淶ǸΨһŮǴٳĹһҪΪŮɵ۵
û⡣ڶ飬ٟRû¹˵ͷİɡ
ɵִ֣̫ٟRֱڿĴӦա
֣̫Ҳûٷԡ
ɵ۾ţ䣬ǶҴΪҪҲûٷٟRѧϰ䡣
ɳȴͬĸ飬ĸǲΪRһ̡Ҵʦ
ʵ˭
Ҳˡ۫ڹʱ㾫д飬ڵ۶вĸֶŮҲǶı㣬ʺĳ㣬ˡ̵۫RҴΣ
ѡȷ㵽
֣̫ףá


9 ٫h
۫밲ҲŮһ
۫ң֣֣̫׵ֶŮһ׽ɴֱסڹҲ˳̫ǰڹŮǰҲкô
ٟRλhýʶǰٟR٫hһɰ͸
ٟR٫hܸˣ٫h֣̫֣ͬʺ˵ĸĸ裬Ҵhhȥӡ
ȥɡ֣̫СԼȥ
֣ʺͬͷʰˣǶסһRǰзǰԤ°޾ߣȫhhǱ߶ֳʰ
֣ϱҲǺܹŮģԵhh⼸ڼҳ쿴飬˵죬¶¡
֣̫СʲôҪ
֣ЦҲ˵ŮӼңҴҲˡ
⻰˵ģ֣̫ûҭš
֣ʺ㣬ѧ죬ʲôѧҲұ顣
Ҳǡ֣£ֹֻ֣̫ûƼЩҳ磬ֻ֣̫һţ֣ϵʺȥ˵˵˽ɡ֣ȥ֣ʺˡ
֣̫ϲӣ٫hĸ˵hhЩ춼ڼҶġ
ǡְѡҴ顣٫hٟR꣬Ҳ׶ʶ֣ĿȾҴıȽ졣
֣̫˵㲻СͶǸÿҲԵ飬Ҳֻһ顣
٫h⣬ĸ˵ŮӶҴʶ˳壬ҲͰˡ
֣̫ĵĸʲôʶ
ٟRѾ٫h˵hh㣬ĸ⻰ԣĸͶ˿ɶˡȳ극Ҵȥĸ鷿һӵ顣⻹ֻĸģĻӡʵҲ֪ж飬ںӾǺܶܶˡ
٫hȵĵɴ۾ôడ
ɲôٟRֵԼСԲý˵һ֪ˣҪѧĶɶˡҸ㣬˼ľʷ飬ͷһһĹ£˯ǰҽʷ£˯ž
˵Ů˵飬н˻Ƶĵ
ٟR֪˵ŮǸɶССȴͦģһԼС֣ܱȣԶˣ
٫hǸʵڵĹ̾ѣ
ǰٟRţȥˣԽƶ
ǣ٫hҲ̾
֣̫Ц˵
٫h뵽ʲôĿ֣̫һۣ۾СӣǰĻϲҲˡٟR֣ôͻȻͲˣ
ҲûС٫h֣̫ٟRһţˡ
֣̫󲢲ϲӵĺӣ٫hͻС֣̫ǲ游ĸڼ˵һˣ
٫hǾ°͵˵һС
ٟRʣ۫桢ĸ˵ĸ˵ʲôˣ
ûûж̫ﲻڼң游˵̹飬ãТ˳٫hû˵ǣ游˵Ҫȥ齲Σܽʲôõأ
٫hͺΪ˷ǸģȻǹѧʲôһѧʲôôܹȥѧѧģ
֣̫û˵ٟRͬ٫h˵ǲܵġ͢ѡιԱѡܣhh룬߷̵ˣҲÿƷԺûƷ߹٣ѡĸ߹٣вƷеģҪƷвУܽôĹ٣
٫hһǰôû뵽ءʵϣ游˵ˣܴĸλ˽Ρ٫hСֻΨΨӦŵȲ˵ģҲ˵ġ
ԣͷİɡ룬ǶĸܲõĸôٟRһСظĵhhͷİɡû׼鲻Ըʷ˵ˣֽС
еˣǳһ˴˶˵˴˵ĺû
٫hһصǣܸ游жô
ȻˡǵҪѧðı¶ѧ֡룬Ժѽһ죬ҵ˵Ůѧȥˣôѽ
٫hڳüչЦЦʱձУġ
ٟR֣ԼҲˡ
٫hٟR˵ѧı죬Ҳ˵ؾʦǸʦѧһ죬ҲҪʦ𾴾ġ
ð
Сߴߴ˵żʽ£ҪٟR࣬٫hǺӣ˵ǲġ
һʱٹš
С֣̫һţǶ٫hʹЩֹѾŮССׯ
ǹڡ
֣Ҳڸ˵ԼĵǣڼҾʱ߶˵̹鲻׵Ҳ˵Ҽǵô鵱꣬Щš
Ƕ֮ǰˣʮ˰ɡ֣ʺͷİɡ̰Rˣܲãǹġ
Ȼסһ£ŹҪѧ䣿
˳ṫ̡
ôh¡֣һǣǱ°ŮСҲΪġ
ˣ˳ṫһǹ
ôһ֮ڣҲ˳ṫһΨ˰ˡ
ͷİɡһǾ仰RѧhͲˣ֣ʺ֣һĸͬȴ졣
֣ʺһ䣬֣ڲ˵ʲôˡ
磬֣ϴŮǳ
ŮڳС˵ͬ˵ˣ£֣Ҳ¶Ц⣬ãŮľһ𣬵ʺʱˡ
ǰӺɴ뵽ѵĳᣬ뵽Ů£֣Ȼ̾˿


10 С
٫hصңĸڹˣ֪һаã֣Ϊ٫h׼ĶˡʵҲôԵģƽʱӳõСЩСҲ٫hңӵճŮ֮ƷƣϹйء
֣ٷ˻⵽һˣŮЩҲŮʰһݡ
֣ȻԺգҷͷ
֣ٷÿμԼСӾͷùŮŮ٫hһȥ֣˵˵˽
֣ϹΡ
֣Ц˭ίҡĸ׷İɣﾡõġh۳Ҫֻϲе᲻á
ʲô᲻õģƽʱҲҪ밲һܼˣο㻹ǹָŮѰҶˡ֣ٷΪ˵ҲƵģˡ
ǰʺҲ˵˶ȥ
Ͷȥ׹ãֲˡ
ĸסĸӿɺãǰ׹ţĸҲһת
áá߶㣬˵Щûȥˡ
Ҳȥ⼸ĸܴ칫Ͷǰһȥһءĸ˵칫ɥҲҪ·֣ϱϾЩҪԳġ
칫£֣ٷ˾Ͳö˵ˡ
ǰϹүţڸΪҸźλҰ̫֮ʹԹ飬˵̫סٹ񲻺ϣýٹΪٹ
ǵ֣Ҷףǽ̫Ķһɶ
ʡ
˵ʺ֪װѲĸϵ
۫칫۫ȫܻ䣬ѹ̫۫ʵȱֻһְ֮ˡ
֣ʴɩɩӣۼҸ칫Ҳס˵ֻǴ˷ݵǣδ
ⲻûô֣ٷ̾Ϣүڸ£ĸ׶˵ʮаŵġ˯̫үʱµļҹ棬ʲôʣµҼǿӣһȥˣûΣֲڵ۶Сһģڶ飬û͡Ůĸ̫̫ͣ˵ĸҸϱ˵Щ£˾Ҫġ
ҲţСӻáɥϼɥҲƽˡٷ˵
Ҳǡ֣ϵСࡣ
ܲô
Ź֮ĸͷʺ֮ĸġ
ٷ˲˵ɨ£֣ͬϴ٫hҪĶ֣ϰԼĵӸɩٷϸϸ߿˵ǸϸˣǰţҲЩˡ
ŮӼҵĶ롣Ҵhhȥ˽סӣʰˡٹԺ̫鷿Ժӡ֣׳ٹر죬Ժ滨ã˳᳤ʱժ滨ơ
˵ιڹ̺䡣
ǰʺ˵Ѿڴɨˡ
ԭ˳᳤δʱӹ˳᳤ʵѵ⣬塣Ϊˣ˳᳤δٽϻָ˳ʹͣ˳᳤Ҳδ޹С
ôţλص۶鲻ʲôʱȥ밲
ȥֻȥ֣Ͽɩ¶ԥ찲οɩɩİɡһһ룬£ôҲǨŭ
Թ
˳᳤Ҳˣٷ˵ֳ
ԴʵҲûôżңǹ񣬾Ҳõȥ
¼һֱսսģ³ʲôʱ¸ɶġ
ϾٹǢ
ʱٟR˾ϵС
˾ģѵõġܹԵģСĲӡԸһλʮŮ
ŮһͨȹվڳҪ˵òδγֻѰʹŮͬȹϣЩˬɡ
СǰһƥСĲӣԣУСչԴصĲСơСøܲݸССС֣Ŀܲ
ٟR״̵裬ҲҪιС
ҲܲͨԣãͶá
˾ŮװźٟܲRǰٟR˸ˮÿģȥιһƥɫС
ͷһ죬ûٟRǸ֣ʺٹ˵˵˾ѾʮƥСŮѡ
ٟRЩȲʽѧȿʹСˡ
ιСԸСССУһȦ
ٟRڱ߶ϿСһԾϣСܶСҲŽӯζٟRʹСƣ˵СĿá
ȻˡСС͸ߣԶһѺ֡
ǿ̫ˡ
УСܿһȦ򳤹ٟR
ٟR˵Ŀ̫ˡС㣬˵˵£ûʲôš
СٟRǸĬŮشˡ
СرٟRȡϰСȻ༫׼ͷ
ٟRȥһС֣Ĵִֵġ
ٟRͷСԲһ˵С汾µˡ
ССҲֻѧЩƤë˳᳤
ٟRСôб£ЩĽŻ˳СŮӡٟR˳᳤ҲܿСûø˳᳤Ҫˣת˸˳᳤СôôĹ̡
˳᳤ʮˬ죬ҪϲСߣΣ
ҲǶİ֮ô
ʡߴߴңСǸ
Ҿ͹ٟRͦǻ
˳᳤һЦñ˻Ե
֣̫֪Ҳû˵ʲôٟRһ䣬СİŮĪѰһ
ĸİɡСңСҴ꣬ҵСһ㣬ԺרŸңĶĶ


11 ѧ
ٷ˻ظŮ׼ĵӻȥ룬ԭѾҲֻһ
֣ˢˢľöƷ̲ס˵۫Ҳ͸hhô㶫
⻰˵ģ񡣡ɹŮһۣٷ˵ֲ۫õңܶģҲļױҪӲ̫ʺ󣬼ױý˺ƭȥ
ٷ̾͵ҲáС棬ɲڼƵĽ񡣡
ֲɵ֣ĸǰͰŵý˳᳤ĵôҲӴĶ٣һǹĸ̫ۼŮҲ̫ˣԵۼҲȴǰƵġ
۫ԼŮʱεԺ¡ءŮһëΣ
ҲǾ۫߯α֣һ
ٷΣұϾңףhhƽʱãȥķͷ
ǲܡ
ٷ˶䣬ҪúദhhҲģСúúദ
ĸİɡԭҪá֣ͻȻ˵˾䣬ҪǹǻʺĺӾͺˣҲʡĸǧĲġ
⻰ƫٷ˵̫ǰӶ繫ܳ衣˵ס˵ߵĺӣһġ
Źĸ϶Ǵ˵£С޹ء˵ʺǹĵĸ̫ۼҵϹ̫̫ӹͬۼѪԵϵǴҪãԶ
ԭ͸ͦõİ֣˵ֺü꣬Ҷߣʲôϵ
⻰סٷŮͷ˹ܳϦ̫ǰҪѧ̫һɵķ緶һò
ٷ˽õĵӸſ֣˵ͷҲˡⵥӸฮһݡ
Ѵܺˣ̫̫ſУʹȥ
ռҹҲѡΪ۫Ϊշ֣ͬ˴к֣õӸһݡһĶҲ²źá
ٟRԼʽΪģȥһأӿӣϼ軨ݣ裬ÿ׼Ĳ衢κԵĵģԿ˾ĵӣЩ΢ŵͷ
λļգʽѧ
ٟRù˺üͷһѧһͿȥˡչ£ǿʲôѽ
ٟRԼС˵ҲϰɣһǾҪȥѧˡ
֣ͷ죬ǵȥ̫밲Ȼùţȥɡڲʲôʱոî
٫hЦеص˵Rġȷ°ɣǵȥ̫밲ˡ
ٟR᲻÷£֣˵ѧҲñŮñīġ
ԼôһأٟR֣ôҪ£ȻԼˡ
֪٫hǶûٟRܴ󷽵İԼһ˽һ֣ѧٟRҲϣ˵ǣǺˡôԽԽٶˡ
ôʥĶôģͣͲáҿ᲻ã
ٟRͿԼССǣͷͦصСӹȥĸǱ߶밲ˡ
֣̫һѿСЦ˵
ٟR֣̫߶Ҳʡ֣̫˯ô˵˯㡣ٟR˵Сû˯ţһ뵽Ҫʽ飬Ҿһ費ҽˣǸ𾭣˵ģҸˡٟR䡣
˾һһۣԼһ˯ˡ
֣̫Ůı⼱ʲôԺһӶܶ顣
һġٟRҲ˵ﲻһ˵˾䣬һһӣǽ졣
ùţ֣ʺɹٹ밲ٟRҲʺ밲٫hһλ
ǽԳԹ壬ƽʱнԹйǼġ
֣ʺúøRһ顣
Ӧǡ
ɵ³ʱһЩ֪Ůͷһ飬ɵһʹһҴͬ˵ԵĲҴԵ»ʺ飬һû
ٟRлʹͣʱ˵ʣǾȥˡͷһ飬ܳٵ
ãȥɡСģɵҲһЦ򷢼ŮӶȥˡ
˾ǵŮűīʳв֮Ҫѧ鱾ٟRԼСԼŵġ
ٹڣŹո͵
ٟRԶԶһһϣ۰Ʈǰſ˵ð޷ѩ׼һ˫۾º΢΢Ц˶ٟRʩһ񣬡뿵¡
ٟRһ˫è۵Բǳ͢߹٣ٟRԭţ϶Ǹһѡѧʶһʦ
ƳƳ°ͣɫϵһĨ룬˵Ų̫ѧʵŶ
ڰ֣˲ض񡣡һָţȽȥɡ
Сǰƿ£š
µˮľųٟRһֻСǻ롣
뿵΢΢룬֮󡣡
˿һʦأٟRСӵǰ뿵˰벽ٟR뿵֮٫h˶ûס뿵һۣ˵ǵ۶ģһſ鰡


12 һڿ
ͷһ飬󣬴ұ˴Ȼ̫ᣬٟRЩѧʶĺȣٟR˰ʦ֮黹
٫hҲйʦͿʼѧˡ
ڵʷȽʷȻӱ
ǰĩ󣬼ġߡԱ̰ʵۻ̫.ʵʿҸͶ
ռϣ̫.ʵߵʮʿ֮һΪ̫.ʵ۳ݣ̫.ʵ׿䣬֮Ҳ˵ľչ游幫ˡ
˵εʣչڼѾ˲һٶʮ飬ʱȴ΢죬۾һΪٹ⡣չǫѷԳӦΪҲ
ٟRͷ飬̧ͷ飬ôʮһʿļ
ϧ˵ʮһ̫.̫.ʵ۵Ķ䣬ǽᵳӪ˽գв壬øӦˬ³ͳһ泼¼ˡ
ٟRʮһȫˣ
ͷ
ٟRʣʮˣʮһΪʲôˣ
⻰ʵĺá
ٟR⣬һʧЩԳռңЩʮһλ泼¼ʿܣ꼻һ֣粻֪Ʈη
ڲŲ渶ʷ鱾͹ǿ黹ܴЩС£Ǵ泼¼޿ȡ֮ÿ˶ƶ˫档
ٟRС齲ʱŮЪһЪԼҲҪȲ˳ʹûв׵ĵط
ٟRûĶ׵ģٟRͦ£飬ʦͿ콲ɣһۣҲϢȻ齲Ĳе㰮Ϣͦģе㲻á
еѩײյֻ˵㡣
Ԩ˸ҽ飬ôиأٟRһҲӲԼǹ͸߸ϡ
˵ĻӺ˵͸Ц黹һ鱾ǳͼˡ
黹άԼʱʱϢһΣһʱѧۡ
ٟR˵ţ˸˶ƵģͬҲƵġ
Щζף⻰ô
ʦ㿴̫.ʵ۵Ȼʥˣ幫ܼӣΪ˺ǫѷμҲϽٺºܹЩд泼¼ģǣ̰ī񡢽ᵳı
ٟRָ٫hˣǲǣ
˶ͷ٫hСС˵Źֿµġ
hh㣬£ⶼǹȥˡٟRο٫h֣Ҳ˵ʷ϶Ƿ˵¡
٫h˵ĸ˵ŮӣЩɱɱ¡
ٟRĸͣСᣬǴˣȻĸˡ㿴ĸͺеĸ;ʷ顣
٫hǸûʲôĹٟRһ˵ҲͦеٟRŲ˾ģ٫hhh˵ĸмʶĸмʶ
Ȼ̫٫h붼ûˡ
ˡòʱ򣬾͸ŶԵǿ϶ǶԵġ
仰˵٫h٫h񣬿ٟRԼС꣬ȴοԼģ٫hRģţӿ϶ġ
϶ܵġٟRܿ϶Ĺhh㡣
ۿһŮӼ꣬ǿſĳ嶯ŮǰáٟRο٫hǵ֮ǰ⣬λ˵Ǽʦոյɡ
٫hźˣɶ۵㶼ûС
֣ˬ죬˵Щﳼ̫.ʵ۵Ķ£ҲӦá
չ˵ҾţΪҪдЩ־׷̫.ʵΪԺ߹ٺ˵׷ҲǸϼӸϼӹ󡣶ûоͷġ˵־ҡ־ƽ£ԱҡΪΣ㲻ΪȨۣҲͲ׷ɡ
ͷ˵Ķʰ̲ģĿξ͵ɡ
ٟRźأͽˣ
Ľˣһ绹ǳĿΡ
ٟRͷһϿΣش飬ʦֻʲô뷨㽲ʷʲôһĿû
飬ߣһƷƴα񣬶һ
ȰûȵضٟRһ񣬡£нĿΣˡ
ٟRʣǻ˵ˣ
ͷˡ
ôػٟR˵
ݸǳٲһ䣬ÿʷ¼ʱ뵽ԼʱԼҸԸζȹһһʲôأ
ٟR϶Ǹʷɡ
鿴ͷһۣŹɰ΢̣£Ըһʲôأ
ٟR̹ףĸһʹ
ٟR峺Ŀ⣬黺ЦҪܶ࣬ܶŬǿɲһ׵ĵ·
ǹüӱùˡ


13 
ǺٟRһֿΣѧʶף͵Ϣʱ䡣
ǣСͿСѧٰˡ
ٰ
⴫Ϥ˵֣̫£תͷ⡣ȻͼСˡǰͷľٟRСҲ·ɴˡ
СԴĸ߸ߵģСӲڵϣһָֻŪߵֿȡ
֣̫¶Ц⣬Ůٵ
һ͹ӭ˳ȥվڵǰٟR񣬡·ѧˡ
֣ˣٟR˵ǰѾٟRһӾ˵ֻֱ٫h⣬ͱٟRȥˡ
֣̫Ц˵ôа
ˡٟRĸй֣˰ɣó˾Ÿĺ쵾ףû
лµū澶ˡֵһ²³ࡣ
ǰɡٟR˵ҶѧˣԺҾǴˣ
֣̫ߵ˶ԭ֣̫޽Ůһֱ֣̫ߡǰЩ֣̫ʱͶȥٟRҲи飬Ҳ׼ùһȥ
ȬعٟRرˡ
۲ۣȵɡԸµġԽ˹ݸٟRٟR˫źС˵ҲǺܶмҸ⣬һȡ
ҶкЦ٫hȻҲȡ
ȹ֣̫ʣٟRһһ̵İͷһѧͬĸ˵ˡܵ˵һ仰λʦܺá
ˣ֣̫ҲЦˡ
ʱƽʱҲûٳԡ٫hˣԼǺȹԵʣԵЩ
֣̫򷢹˸Ǳʱˣͬ˵˵ȣعлȰѧٹһġ
ʳȥˡ
ź糤ҹȣǶ˯ʱ䡣ٟRԼݣһѧĸ˯
֣̫֪˯ڴϣֻİ㣬ְԼһѧĸ˵һ顣
֣̫ı˯ɣԺÿ춼ö顣
һ
ǽ˾
Ķǽҳ԰ɢġ
֣̫ЦԼ˯ǳ԰ɢ˯
Լ˯
ٟR֣̫ﹰ˹ССȺģ֣̫ﲢȡ˵һٟR˯ˡ
֣̫ͷ鰫ϣϴԼҲĿϢ
λطҲû̾˯ͷһڹ飬дͦ
֣ڴ䣬Ļ鿡ò
һչв۶Ժ˼ң̹ʶֵ˼ҲϾҶ֪̫ϲѧʶŮӡ
ֻǣڼҶʱŮ̵
չǵһ֪ԭŮҲԸѧʶʦѧϰѧʡ
е㲻񲻺ϡ
չǹŮӣҲŹĲʮô֮ףſ
˽Լѧʣչ־ʮҡ
٫h͸ԼѾ˵ֲĸ˵ǼܳʶġѧĶҲﲻһ
ǰᵯ٣ҪŹѧһˡ
¹֪٫hЩĸףĸ׾ֻһ÷ˡ
ͷİɡڹúõģ˲ܷİ
٫hȻĵͷ
ٟRûͲ٫h·£٫hǲǲϰסڹΪѵ¡
٫h˵ûУٟRͿʼ²²£ԵĲθڣ˱۸ˣˣ
٫hǸʵӣٟRµĹֲ˼͸ٟR˵ˣǰһ÷ڣʣһ˳Էˡ
٫hĵģٟR˵ţý˾ѣҳŹġҸ˵͸һЩҲ֣Ҳĸշ˶һЩ
ٟRڹУĿȾ֪ͶһӵΪ˵hhҪʲô˵дһţһȥ
٫hæ˵ôܴӹ⴫żأǾԲеġ
ٟR٫h֣Ϲ軹ϲʲôˮ٫h˵˲棬Եˮ
ٟR˾ҡ
ºٟRͬ˾ǵֻԼˣҲûhhÿ飬͵뿪ԼļҸסڹҪ뿪ĸҵöĸǿ϶ҡ
˾ǿƵģο˵¶飬֮õҡ
ٟR̫ͣ⻰˼˾ǡ˾ȵ´˾ͶˡολԸһϸҲƫhһ˼ҵġ
˾ǵʾٟR֣չȷ˳ʱонܿӦڹҲҵӡ
ٟRࡣ
˺ü죬ӡ͢ʮһ壬մǱɲϳڼϢٟRĸ˵ǶҲҪϢÿʮϢһ죬Ϣ죬٫hǻؼҿڶٻعһС
֣ӦģϢҲϲãο٫hˡһлٟR֣ڳΪ˵ʵڹãףǵרΪǼĶ䡣лл¡
֣˵ţһٟRһٟRֲ˼ģС˵
չҲЦ˵¾лһлɡ
Сܿ˵ЦһǶٟR곤ǰǵüǧһúúøദڼҲǽٟRദΪ㲻ݸߵͣ˭᲻Ըͬദأ
ڼٟRҲʵʵڵĵ˸


14 
ٟR
ԣ֣̫ƫȫٰԵʡ
˺£ٟRԼҲܸˣֳҪҪһÿʮżһ죬ҲðؼҼˡ
Ҳһ˵ӵϢ̫.ʵλʱ涨ģһ÷żμٶõġ
ٟR˵ĶͲܱˡдʮ컹һģҾͲţѧһ¶ٹβɣ
Ǳøķˡ˵
ʲôķٟRʡÿ춼ܼףҲŸɫá
С಻Щ¸˵ͬõѧҪǾŶۣϢҲʹá
ҲٟۡRСԲһĸš
ÿѧ¶ѧɣвģֻҪʣĸ͸
Զµ࣬ѹŵһ׮¡
游ҪɥˣԲʹκεǡ
ţǲǸĸ˵һϾ游ɥǣģǲǸԱ⡣
ٟRֳ֪£ոСǶ٣õСĸл˽˵һ䣬ٟRе̡Сϲ˿
ԣٟRĥţҪһ£һǺö
Ҫĺ£Ҫ棬ҪĿޡ
ǵģһĵġ
ƽֿ佱ٟRСĲˡ
ò˵겻ͦġ
ٟRҺ˾ǵĶͷ˾ǹѰ̫¹ȥ˵
ٟRվԣСʣĸʲô£
ٟRٰǵŮٶǳġʣй¶̫ߵ£ٟR޷ġ˾Ǹ˵֮¡µ˼ô˵Ҳ칫òʾһ
ٟRǵɫʣĸ˼أ
ǸһͷĲɫƮ͸ū澹ȥɣڵءܹȥˡܹٹܹܡ
ķҶӣ¶Ҷɫµ档ٟRڿԺȥ·£һ;ղã̫ˡ
ĸ׵̫ʦУɫء
ٟRЩǣһԲĸٿףȥλ밲
ɵɫԻͣRˡ
ʡٟRʣʺĸǳ
ûʣһ˫۾д벻ɵۿ۵СεĶĸ׵ĸ󣬰Rż꣬ɶʲô
Ҫĵ綮֣̫Ҳ˻ٟRͷʲôˣ
ٟR˼˵Щ˵ҿϵˣ졣
֣̫ɵ⺢ӻЦˣɵ˵棬˾Ͼǡ
һôԺ档ٟRĸ׶ɫת˵ԼĹ۲죬֪˶ˣżһС԰ĺɻлˣҶҲʼˣ˼죬ܳˡ
ĲٹԶʶЩ
룬֣̫˵뷢ɥ֮¡Ǹ˵ǱϾҲ游ӦԱ֮⣬µǡô
һЩһֱΪշתǲ游ɥ̫򱡡ֻǣĸͬ
ԥԼ뷨˵ĸȻΪʧ˵ףҲסѾţӹʹֻͣԼʹͣҲҲȫ֡
֣̫ٟRR˵أ
ٟRǰС벻̫ӵ¡Ҳ֪游ˣ游¶Գһֱûʹ͵ǡ
游Ĳ࣬ͣڻͷϡ޷Ǿĸĸ
֮£ٟRĸĸһЩ
ĻǳϦһĸ
ٟR˵游Ҳĸ÷ҲĸݣĸҲѹİɣ
һá֣̫
ٟRĥԼҪҪװɵǱԼĿСüͷ˵磬ⷨһý
ûֳʣٟR˵ԼǣҪǸôֻ֪ܽԼ⣬ǹʹأǻӹʹ͵дϣʹӹҲûðǱǻӹʹС
ٟRʣ˵ֻд֣
Ҳûá˭֪˭ٟR˵
ȷǸ⣬Ҳ
ɵ۲ڵӹҲ飬游ţôͲȥһˣ
˿˽˽飬Ҳԡ֣̫˱ֱɵۣһһд񷨡һﳼֻΪݶݣΪ͢ĽĳĺңԼҶǻףǲǶݣݣǧң͢Ⱥδ棿Ȳ棬ٰܻ
ʼңС˽С黹գǴϣֻжԴ˽ۣ
֣̫˵ɵƿߣĬ֣̫תٟRãɫҲҪסʼû˽ݵģǵУʹӹСϣҪԴˣʹ߷
ˡ
ɵ򴽽ǣҲû˵ʲô


15 
̤ٹεɵЩΣۣ󲽿ȥû߼ͱ˾סߣҪˡ
ɵŷٟR
ٟRСÿ죬СԲŸסɵͷôˣ
㸸˵˵
ɵۿٟR۾Ĺģӵ۾ǳǳˮʲôεһס
û¡
Ҳ㸸˵˵
ӵСԲ¶ЦݣɵϥֻһһŮͳձԶӼҪϸ񣬶Ůɡ
ɵ΢ů۾¶ζӼΪУٟRץסźţССһ׿ƣʣȥҵĻ
ٹС԰֣̫ź󶼻ڴ˴ɢٟRҲΪ԰С̸Ľˮ
ʱСеĺɻһֻǺҶʼƿݰܡ
ٟRŸ׵;õСָͤ׿ϲǾޱʯ¿ľջ
ǾޱһֱϲֻȻд̣ٴͿʼһĿܾãҲֺÿ
ٟRʣʣϲʲô
ʲôϲиĺô
ٟRװģܶӵͷȻ˾˵裬ҸʶյҿãʺϺ
ɵ̿Ȱɡ
ȣҲʺϺٟRͷѸɡҡõ廨¶һֺúȡ㳢ɣ϶һؾˣ
źӵͯɵҲ٣ٟR˵ѧ۲ۣûҪĶ
˾׼յ㣬嵭ģƫģһֻССϸƿڹһ֧õĺɫǾޱ
ٟR̾븸һƷֵָױ׽˽ĸ׽⣬ʣζȡ
УԼɡɵۺЦĳһڣǺӿζƫһЩĹӸ
ٟRҲιԼҨСһһڳԵʱĹĵģˡ
ɵзƶʱȥ룬Ҳ˼ڡ
Ů͹ԹġٟRſʼοףŸ׵֣صʣʣĸǲǳˣ
ﻰûе¡
ҾǳˡٟRСԴŸףʣǲ游˴°
ɵ۷һ䣬£ѵͲ游ˣ
ǿ϶ǡٟR˵ٴĴ£Ҳ游
Ҿǲ游̫
ܸ游ףҲ游ٟRе㲻̣ϸ˵ʣ游Ĵ£֪Ҫ˲֪Ҳװ֪Ұĸ˵˵ܲܿЩ
ɵһʱԣϤ֪ɵҲڱĸѵƿԡٟRɫ˶֪˰
Ȼһ䣬ˡ
˵ˡٟRһϳɿǣҪû֪¶ܰ졣
СװǻͶ֣֮¶ϷһգɵҲףôȥˣȫ档
Ҫ棬ҲֻΪĹδûиĸ׽Ͼ˼
ɵ۵ôŰɡ
ٟRһ游ɶˣ
㻹Сˡ
Ǹʲ˰ɣ
ɵЦҺʱˣ
ոհҲ븸գٟRֱˣֱС׵üģͫӳЩݵݣ븸ÿ춼߸˵ġ
һ߸˵ġɵ̲ס§סСŮǱһŻʧܺĶů
ɵ۵츸пգô
ðʣٟR˵ԼԸʣȥɣ︸ִָĿʴңҾͲˣҲûΣգ
ܱܾɶ뵽ˡ
ɵ۶ЦˣУǾȥ
ɵ۵ƤëޱȵĿ棬硣ٟRø״СʱﲻУСС
ƺзŶȥ˲١
磬ٟR⣬ͬһĲֳȻһȥĸԷ
Ҳɵм䣬ö󣬹ŮǰšˣŮȥٹ
ɵƽǳ˼ߣٹͷһ⡣
Цӭһ񣬡ˡ
ɵüһ¶ɫĸ䷹ֵýŷˡ
ǰǣסȱŸ׵֮ɵ۱ٟR
ϲЦտǡūȥ졣
ɵʾã֣̫Ȼˡɵ֮֮Ͼĸӣ֣̫Ҳֻɵһӣĸ׵ģûвԸ׽ġ
ֵͬˣһʨͷ
ɵ۰ԵĲˡ
ɵ뵽ĸЩΪλѪ²һĸ󻹼ǵá
ô֣̫ҲСͲϲʳĶЩˮȽϺãþ嵭̲δ빬ǰϲˡҲϲֶ˵ĸӿζ񡣡
ĸĬĬ˱˴˼壬ȻҲõڡ
ϵͣĪ˵󹬣ǰҲһ
ֻǣɵӶµĻδἰʧ֣̫ܺ¸ԤҲΪղʵ
ĻϲֻٟRһˣϲҶ߸˵ģĸ߸˵ģҲ߸˵ġ
ʱпƽµİӿΣв׷ƽ˾µĸ˽


16 
칫ɥǰ壬ûκαʾ칫ݣûбʾһֱʾ
֣̻ؼİŮڹֻƬû
ÿ㹫飬һˣĶ֪֣ȿҰ̫ǰҲ˵Щƪ
֣˵ӣ֪ЩŮп㣬ͬŮһ㹫ˣԵıʲôҲ˽̫ϲѧʵŮӡ
ʹŮô
֣Ǽֽ׶λС
֣ӶЦˣʲôֽ׶λУ
ڸն飬ҡhh㡢չﶼڼҾͶüˣ˵hhЩǰ˸۫˵ӽӣǶҴѧľʷûôѧչô롣֣ϸС̣̾ҿԺ󶼱Ȳǲ֪жãһ飬ܼǵð˾Ųʮ
˵ܴ֣ٷ˳š̫ŽֻǹŮȥЩȻԵòĹŮƵġ
ôտʼѧʷѧѧô֣Ҳ׶飬Щ׹Ůγ̰š
ѧǼ飬米ˡֶϵãͲѧˡ֣˵ˬСʲô¶Ըͬĸhh㲻ʶֱȽ϶࣬ҲûϵʶĻþܸסhhտʼСʦĿ϶˵ŽˡhhŮͺܺãʶƷģ嶫Ҳĺãرɡе
֣ӵչ˫hhЩ
û¶İɣhh㻹ίǫhhչǶЩhhнķ緶ˡϷһ˵ٳţǴŷ硣
֣ͬӸпǰڼʱֵãĵġ
֣ٷҲСӼ۫£棬ǵʵݲ࣬ҲЩϧСˡ
֣ٷ˵ȱ˵ˣС̫̫Ǳ߶칫ɥǵȥȥ·
ҳˡ֣ӵǰȥѴýӻؼסգЩ
Ҿ͵۫ģ˵칫Ǳ߷ɥôû
۫Դϣ۫ʶʱװϺͿҲ֪ڸվıߡ֣Ӳм
֣࣬һ룬˵ǹүӹȥ
֣Ӽڽʣµķ꣬ŮõڣٷҪ̣Ӱڰֻ֣ԣҹȥƣࡣ
Ҵڣ鷿ȥˡ
÷ææģ֣˵⵹Ǹæˡ
ɲôûеʱ⻹ؼңոһԸٷ˵ۼûһеġ
ôи壬ģҲõ
ⲻֵôٷ˵յֵҲվͶؼЪšڸҲµֵĴˡ
ٷʣڹû
ûСӶ絽ٹȥ밲󣬴ӾҪ̫߷̱īӶ£ôðһȥء
ٷü֣ʣôˣҲֻҶһ˲ȥаȥٹġ
ڹڻزҲšҾ͵ı£Զ硣
ġҾͺܺá
Ͼף˵̫︧ġôһ
İɡҿԸƽͣʱǼ棬߸Ҳһһݣ˵Ҳʱһ
ٷףǾͺá
Ͼ֣زҲǶݡ֣ƣȻӣڹֻҪ֣̫󵱼ң֣Ҳܵ˺
ٷдʣȫǳһĸ׶Զӵĵǡ
ٷĸŮռҹhh㻹ðɣ
ͦõѽ֣Ҳ͵Ц˵۫ʵİջ᲻ϲhh㡣ղhhҲദĺܺá
Ǿͺá
ฮ
Ůؼ壬ȻҲܹĹŮڹе
빬Ӷ̣ʵҲûʵġ
֪٫hԸദշ˻˿Ͼǵ£ڹߣСﻹԸǾͲˡ
չ˵ѵٹΪˣϸ£ϧ˵۫û
շ˵˵ٹĸףڹʱǳ硣
ٹ϶ĸס
ľ۫
ȷе˵۫
٫hظ۫ͽĹ޾ϸ˸飬ʷѧξȻʦңξȫñ۫һģ٫hн飬Ϊβñ
٫hʵʵ˵˵ȣñƣϲñ
ôУ񷨡۫𱸵ĿŮ͸ɣŮӼУҪڵ沿н˼ңŮǴӲеġ
۫٫hЩ֣̿ҿ̫Ҳû˵ʲô
۫Ȼ˵̫ﲻȫƳһߵĴŮģͲǸܸɵġ۫ҽ̫һ䣬̫һЩС¡
ŮռǹŮû۸ɣһˣƷ⡣
ûС٫hԭһ䡰չͦáĸɫû˵ڡ
ĸĸ׻ȥ˵
٫h˵ҿչﲻֲദˣһֲʶչﻹˡ
֣ЦǺǵأĸϻ游βô˵ģ㲻չúദˡ۲۸ˣ۸㣬͸̫󡣡
٫hͷڹѧ˺Щ¶ڼҶ𣿡
ð֣˵Ѿ½ڿε׼ˡ֮ǰĹͼҲˡﻹмϲ£ˣҪˡ
٫hҲ̵ԸҲǸϢ
ң٫hеܵöλġС
٫hܹĸףȥ󣬵
ӺæģοҲҪչˣҶȥǶ֣ϺЦһ裬ŮһҲʮˣȻǰͷü̥ײȶʮꡣӶԺöΪ￪֦ɢҶ
Ҳֻһգڶһ磬λҪ𴲣빬㹫顣
ݵʱ٫hٟR˵ñ£ĸ˵ΪУǶôñ
εʱʮ̵ŮҲй̣⻹ʲôص²ɣ֣hh㣬ʵڶˡ
չҲ˵ڲǰˣҿҲиŮ߶˵ȸһ̣˸˵ơ
֣ǳԾôô
ֹ˶Ҫųӡ˵õĲˣչϧϧϾ͵ýȻȸʱܿˡ
ٟR£ʲôʱпգǳ֣
٫hҲ棬°ĸ˵ŮӶܼеġ
ٟR˵ǵöĻŰ
۫Ҳ˵ˡ
ڶ֣̫밲˳¶γ̣ŮӴñ۫ҼưҲʷ飬Ҫ˵ŮǽʷҲͰˡ
ư۫Ů
֣ʺѻطǹ˳᳤ϣһͷӰ
ñǼǰ¶ˡ۫˵֣̫꣬󷽵ΪЩģӾһλһλС㲢һλѾûʼңŮٹˣӣٰڣʲôط񲻺ˣ
㣬ЩӣпնȰȰ۫Ƕ꣬ԣƽ̩ԵĶǿ
۫һƬ⣬û뵽ôһ䡣
۫²ζ뵱ĸʱγ۫ϵʧ䣬֣̫ǿ룬ĸڣҲͬҵ뷨˵أã
۫ƲˣæЦǵȻ
֣̫һЦת˵ԵĻ


17 
ָ۫ûȤδٹˡ
֣̫Ҳδ
ٹԻ͵غʯ׶£ֲùɵͥԺӰƺЩɪ۫ͷһ֮ϵΡңٹԡ
۫һɬ촽Ů뿪
֣̫沣˴˼仹˽⡣֣Ůȱ˳֣̫֮Ȩˡ
۫ϲ˵ǼƲġ
֣˶Ȩƺ󹬣۫Ʋ֣ϡ
ԭ㣬֣̫һκ֣̫ʶġˣ۫Ҳ⣬ģ
ʱ۫ԭ㣬֣̫ɣŮǴñŮҲˡ
Ȼ֣̫һУ۫ɲЩΣҵŮҪԵ»ʺ֮ѵġ
٫hŮ۫ԭֱӴ٫hؼҵġ
Ҳա
ֻǣҲ֪֣̫Ժεȵ߿Ϊ٫hڹУҲ⹬֮¡
Ϊֻ֣⺢ˡ
۫ĬĬ롣
۫ʧ뿪ٹɵݹ
ɵͣ۫ǰɵſ΢΢ֱǰ㣬Եضôˣĸ˵˵
۫ɵĹ۫ĸ˵Ͷߣʡĸá
ɵ۴ǺЦﻰ沰첻ɣʲô£ް˵һ
۫㽫ǵ˵ˣҲǵĹ񷨣Ҳʲô˽ģhˣöĵСʱѧˡǵСʱûŮʶѵ곤ѧ𣿡
۫˵ȥɵһֱЦţֱüͷδһ¡۫˵ԹĽ˵꣬ɵ۵ҵʲô£Ҳֵð졣£ĪգԭһƬ⣬ĸﶼסֻҹʷ飬ҲডҲ˵̵ѧʣǰʱŮӲξʷᣬΪ̸
Ե»ʺġҴн̻֮⡣Ůⲻ˵ҲҪеġ¶һȣ̲ͷİɣޣĸֻܰġɵ۷Ը̣ˣȡ黨
ýͶԵ
֣̫۫ǶЩԸ
Щ۫ɢ˲٣ټ۫ɵĹ۫ҲɵΪ׽
ͬǱܾ֣̫۫Ͱӿɵ˵۫üЦģЦͣҲ߶߶²ˣĶҪµ顣
鲻̣ˡ
۫һЦŰݱȥ
۫ߺɵ۵ЦҲˡ߽ٹԺйϤɵ۽ȥĸ밲
˳᳤ɵۣ֪Ǹ糯Ҫ˵£ĸ󡢱£һЩ£ȸˡ
ɵ۵˾¹飬Ҵ˸ʽЩȥ
ö˶˵ģô飿˳᳤ʡ
ʽҹŮôܲЩÑ
һ仰ĴҶЦˡ
ҾʹˡԺÑֻ˴á˳᳤һЦǡ
ʵ۽ôôˣ
ʱʧܣȰûڣ־ĸҲЩûӡɵѵ̹ϣѡûӡĻ˵ˣĸвŸɵˣǲƽӹ˵Ŀյġ
СǻʱȨ۸ʱҿСֻĸ󱣻ҡˣôʣҲΪһĸҲѣҴС͸ĸѧģԼһ־ʲôûɣʹسҲƭռˡԽգԽԼܣҪŻ
ɵĸǰ˵ǰˣʵףҲ֪ĸöӣĸ
һθ֮ԣ֣̫ҲΪ飬ֲڶӼϣףƬľû׷ѡĸӣŻҲһʱ޷ǾǿҶŮˡ
ǲСĸﻹǵҲС
֣̫Ц㶼ˣǳԴײɡ
ǳԴײԴ׵¶Ҿ;ţĸҪ
ǰĸӹźɵĸǷ½٣عںáɵ˵Щ糯£ĸд£˵ƪʱɵ۲ἰٰ۫£˵Ҳ˼̫Ȱ䣬ظȥˡ
֣̫һˣ߳˵Щʵһģ˭װģ
ɱô˵Ե»ʺҲˡɵۻǺעġ
˵˵ֺηԵ̫.淢ޣչ
ٟRѧͼĸʮָˣŸ׵˵һš
ùŮҡɵ۶Ůǲ֪ĸֲ⣿
ٟRС棬̸ĸ˵ĸһ緹ɡֹ緹Ҳһԣȴѧһְ
֣̫ͷðɡǰRϡ
ٟRʱʮֿġ
ɵϲӣ˹ŮѧЩΣӴ٫hҲɵ˳˼䡣СҲ
ǣСڶλؼ壬ˣ̫ＫΪʵ֤


18 
۫ɵʹ͵ظϸ˼ڼҶɷпٲ̫ͬЩģΪŮߣԵ硢꾲ԳΪҪĪ˵Ķ飬ǶҲؿЩʷ飬ֻԵ»ʺҴˡ
۫̾ͬңҲǲ˵ġ
չ֮£۫ʱҲû鶺ˣ̾һɼ֮Զ˸ǻ֮ס
Ϸп֣̫ŪȨܿձ¡
ⲻ֪ڹٟRԿԹ緹ĸ˯ʱԼԺӣҲʱ֣̫һ˯ٟRˣĸ۫ĸû
Ϣͨ
Ϣͨhh˵۫ĸڼҾ˵ˣҪ
֣̫ͷ鶯ЩЦⶺٟRҾţ۫ĸ˵ҲǸôñ
ʲôٟRǵöưһɣĸ˵͸ҶҪˣ
ĸɲܴӦ˵ǴñҲǴʦˡ
ôģˣ۫˵ǴñǵǱпȥò
òΪʲôܿ
̰ɡԵ»ʺ˵ŮҲҪٳš
ѵڼҿɽͼϣŮ
ʱȽϼУûȫ
ñҲǲȫֲǲܼˣҪ棿˵ȸֶеƵŮӣõĲˡɼͷҲŮ¡ٟRɴʴƿƶ˵ɼԵ»ʺЩʱˡ
ԣ۫ĸǴģĸģɲġ
˭ģ
˭˭¡ٟRСӵĽƻ֣̫󣬡ĸ˭˵ĶԡȻһ˫۾ڴ֣̫󣬾Ͳûֱ˵ҶԣȻҵˣ
֣̫һҾŰR˵Ķԡ
ĸӢٟRĸĴָӢˣ
֣̫ĨƵķһͨСĴ齣ĸ£ĸͷͷĸҪǿˣҸ˲ȡ
֣̫ܱٟRЦһСŶ°ɡԭҲûӦ۫
ٟRԲһ˫èۣԭġͨһµͷˣһԼȻûĸڶԼеյľͷ߶һЦſ֣̫˵Ҿ˵ĸô϶ĸס
ԼͦԼԲ
֣̫£ٟRʹյĸߣĸԼϲ׽
ϿΣͰĸûдӦ۫ñ顱ĺϢһ˵ˡٟRһܶӣȻĸĻǹʱģڶûЩˡǶİɣñεġ
ٟRԼֵѧϰģ׸ĸǢÿѧͶһĸš
ڳϣɵҲֳ֣̫֧֡
һϲҳ
ϲԲᣬּ
Ͼɵǻ֮ʮ֣̫꣬ΪִƳҶִ֣̫ͦϤҲͦӦ
ǳδ˾Ȩ䡣
۫Ϊ
Ҫ˵ǰñ¼С£ڽϹԱѡϣ֣̫ùߵռϷ硣
۫˼⣬ɵΪκȻ֣̫ͺˡ
Ľʱ۫磬֮ǰȰңñ̫񲻱Ȱ¾֪
Ļλ͵ӣ˵޷Ұף֮òϸֲߡ
һյ۫ǲôүȰȻˡ
ʲô
ˣϾĸӡ̫ã»赣ٹ⡣ٹֻһӣĸӼŻеģȴɸ¡Żͺáٰ̫ԵϾҲʮϵˡ˵󲻾Ļѵܻȥ⽭ɽǱµġ

ִյһڲ裬򵥣ףܷµļӣ֪Ҳһһˡ
۫Ůѣüͷٹʮ꣬⽭ɽݱ˵ô
үˡֻ¾ƣȿ°ɡʶЩʱ񣬱ʵ˵Եģ¸̫ϵã뱣ȫ˭ֱ̫ܻ档µ£ӳա
ʧܣ̫һ¶Ȩٲʶʱ񣬲ϸô
οƬ̣¶һ˿Ц⣬۱ΪӢү֮ϡ
ôٹͽ⣬λ¾Ͳɵϡ
˭бλ뺷ĸء
֣ҷǵԺգ֣̫ŸҲǳڣ궼ûȫճáʧܺ󣬸һصǰ
۫ԡҴԼٹλҲԶ˳ȫµĸ塣
ʧЦүƷӡֻˣʱ˵ֻ˵ģ
㲻ãٹλİǰ̫д̫ǰʵĸǢ֪İ֣̫۫ʶ֣̫꣬ϲһ˽⣬ϸ·ġ
ǰԻʱھѷڽ񳯣ʵ۸һˣĻʵӣĻʵ۵ֶӡĻʵλʵ۵ǻǻ֮³ŵʮػλĻʵ֮֮󣬹Ȼ鲻ãɺ󹬡ʮʵճŵʢ괫λĻʵ֮
дʷʵû˻ʵ۵ǻĶҪǴλ˵Եģʵۿ϶ԼӰ
λ̫󣬱ʵ۵裬һŸ׿Ȼһ
ʵ̫ʷѵģĸӡ
ʷ飬ȻҲ֪̫ʵ۵ĵʣһЦү˵˿ɲ̫λʵۡʷأʵλ̫ɾӹУ
ʼգ̫δ˹ʵ۫С
۫Ĭû뵽Щֻ̫Լ֣̫ˡ۫ٹ˳ã
콵ٹȻʱûκΰ취ʧܣ̫һϵƸʢ౻٣ִ̫Ƴ̫Գ־Ӫжʮꡣ̫.ʵۡʵλʱδŮӸ֮£̫ٹִֻ֮𡣡
̾һжˣʮ꾭Ӫٹƿءʵˡģһ̫Ѫˣʳĸٳ֣ϣ±̫᣻ģ˳һ֮
ֶοãֻˮĥĸ֮ٹĳñ´Ը½̫һ̫꣬߰꣬ȥ̫һȻѰµˡµѵ𣿼֣µϾ֣Ѫ¾˼ңαҪԶأ
ֻ½ʱ֮⳯ˡ
үˡ²ҷʱ֮ˣүʼնԱĹϳ˭أǣһǣǣǿ۫˽ģοκʱڱ£ûġ
۫Ѱ˼Σҵȿɻ֮
С˶٣һ˻ǳҪ
˭

˳᣿
ǱµĳŮ̫ԸλЩ̫꣬ΪִƳǵ̫.̫Ƿŵѵ뱮ŷ̹أŮӼΪݡ̫Ϊѧ֮£ɼ̫λǳء
ϤĽߵĺӣοŮӣλһΪ̫ܿصˡ
ԣүעһ¹ΪȻܳΪһӰٹˡ


19 
ϵŮˣѲ֣̫۫Ҳǳıӵġ
һֺİ۲Ÿɣ۫ѷ֣̫ӣȴǱ֣̫ġ
ӡ
Ϊ֣̫Ȩ̫ȱŮӦе˳¡
ԣ²ŻԾ㲻֣̫۫ҲƲ
Ȼ꾲硶ҴڵĶϱ֣ϣ۫Ҳһ䣬ǸŮӡ

ᷢ۫۫ҲһǵһȵĴڡ
ŮͲˡ
ͱ˱Щ
Ůˡ
۫Ůӵռ۵㡣
ԣĻ۫ҪٟRʱ۫еһӦǣǲǸնСѾͷô
̫ͦϲѾͷ̫̫Ůˡ
֮⣬ʲô
ѵ̧֣̫Ѿͷڶ֣̫

֣̫ȨΪǻʼҵϱƾʲôҪ޵ģ
δйȨģ
۫¶һ˿̱ĿⲶ׽絭үţֻơ
Ҳǲš⹫ѣҼҴŮھڹÿʮһ壬վܻؼҡٹСӲ£ÿһ𣬿϶ġ
۫ʣҪǺʲô𣿲磬ǴŮʵϡ̫ѵ¹ư첻ˡ
ʲôôΪĺѣ㹻ˡүҪǣҪôĻ
ⲻӦôİɡŮҴТ˳ر
δٶԡ
٫hȷؼңɶ˵ɶ
ֻǣҲСǶѧ¶
ٶġ
ûˡ
ûˡ
ٟRСڵҪǶ顣
У޷Ǿһ̫ˡ
ٹĶͣеĻᡣٟRһ飬֣̫ϲ֣һš
ʱ´ӹǷϯ
۫磬ӹţݷϯҲ׵ۼҡ֣նŮ⳼֮Ů
٫h֪ĸأĸİɡ̫ͱ¶׼ġ
۫ûٶԣת
٫hÿؼңᱻĸһʱңĸĸףڹôǲģĸһƽʱʲôʵϸ٫hʵеۡ
Ը˳Ҳ˵ܾĻ
ҲЩףܰѹ˵
ǣعЩƵġ
ٟRǲǼ£٫hٟR꣬ԴӽٟRΪĹǡΪٟR࣬ܰ뷨ӣ٫hĸٟR˵ˣ˵ڹҪϣʲô˵ĸңŶԲס̫Ƕôá
ٟR٫hhhʵڡҲĸʲô˵ʲôҪ˵ģͱؾᣬ֧Ӧ䡣
Ҫô֧Ӧ
͡ţͦáСҾŻСԵĺãסҲáβѡ˵ٟR㲻˵̫ϸͲҪ˵̫ϸһ͹ȥˡҪĸʵĺϸƩ磬ϲʲôĸϲʲôͱһƩ磬ϲӣ˵Rϲ档ˡ
٫hⱲӵһӦ֮ߣʹӼǣ´©һ
ٟRȻЦһ󣬸٫hУҪϲĸ߶ҪϸĹ۲졣ϲʲôȻ۵ʱ򣬾ϲ˵һͷˣͲˡ
٫hĿ࣬ôǲǲТ
ᣡǴТ˳ٟRһͨ룬ܽʵơƾҪҪ塣˵ʲô
٫hʵЩ£¶ͷٟR
ٟRһϢ巢֮ĸһˣТ֮ʼҲ˵Т
ٟRǵڲźãѧϰҲ٫hһЩʥ˴óһڣ٫hʱˡ
ԣ۫ίʵЩ
Ҫ֪ˣֻĻ˭Ļġ


20 
hh˸⣬hh¶ЦݣٟRҲܸˡرϲˡ
ܸٟR֡
֣һˣعҲزȤš
ٟRù˶ˮģٟR˵
֣˵ڼһ̫̫Ϸȡֵ£˵˼ı仯֪ڹʷ飬ҵҲҼ˸ѧʵѧϰʷ顣ҾͰǵѧϰȸˣ˵Ȼûͬһ飬ڼҲһѧ
ٟRſǸ⣬ҧһڸ⣬һڲˮ˵Ȼûһ飬ȹãڹͻ磬һ
ǿɺáҪؼһ˵ǻ֪θˡ֣ǸֵԸԾܽ档ȻƽʱĸĸҲԽܹ֮񲻸ӡ
ٟR棬ƽʱڼҶʲôģ
֣˵ǡҴѧЩѧЩʫʣ黭ָŮ죬Ҫѧһ㡣
չͷϸϸƷŲ裬֣˵꣬¶룬ڼжһЩʷȴǸ̵ֽġͷûϽŮѧһŮǲϽŮӵġ
ٟRˣʲôҿʦͺѧʡңŮǲؿƾٵģ˵ͷ˶Ķ࣬ôǻԸʦˣ
ǲԸʦǲԸŮʦչǿŮʦһ飬һֻɫСյٟͬR˵ΪܶΪŮ޲űǵ¡Ҳ˾ţŮӶ飬ʧ꾲֮¡Խ̵ŮӶΪܡ
ٟRԲཱུСͶſˣģ£
ǰչҪźϡ棬ѵ֪ѧǰָ̫ʷ̫ģʷ̫ƲӲ˵ԼͣۻĹΡ㺲ѧʿѧʿĲᣬҵȥѧ顣ҵԭţҪûԸ⣬ǵġû뵽ʦӦˡ
£ٟRչٿ֣֣ͷ̫ﲻû㡣
٫hҲ֣ͬĿٟR˼ʣhhҲ֪£
٫hͷ֪游šû˵ȥչ֣۫϶ûʲôû˵
ٟRҲµˣ۫ĸͺܹʱ۫游ҲòĶȥ
ٟR˵ҿҸһҲûӣôҾ͸ҪƵģ
ôһءеİ˶ȡιƽ£쾭°֣
ŮҲùܹ񣬹ٟܳR˵ĸҲǴæġĸҪÿӡ
֣&չ
˶̫ӪΪ͵ԭټϼ̫󵳺ĳԱ֮ǰ֮ٶе˽⡣
չί˵ʵͷҲпɶ˶̫²ˡ
ΪʲôٟR˵ĸܵĲ𣿡
ǡΪ̫ŮӡŮӸ£ǲá
ٟRСüëôеΡòãӦôµĽôãǸɵĺáǸɵĲá
˳˼·˸򵥵ıȷƩ磬һѹ߰㡣Ʃ磬һܸɵŮӣѹľߣĸأ
չǵȻǾźߺãɲ˶ô
֣ҲŵͷҸٹϢϢء
٫hҲ˼ܵĽŮӱRһ˵ȷǣѵûµҲбµŮӳͷô
ٟRѾóԼĽۣС˵ҲܱôһˡҲŲҪˡҲŮ˸ûΪߵ͡
ҵҲ˵һʯͷһ֬һԶ𡣵ýˣ񡣼ѰʯڸߴڽŵףʯҲԶĹ
չ˵ٟ꣬Rֱ£չմʲô˼
չЩ˼٫hһۣҵ۫ʱ˵Ļҵգ۫ԺŻʯɽˡ
ٟRĵմ˷ǵܻԿ䣬Ҳܻġ
չæ٫hǸhĪϣʱţ⻰ʵ˼·Ҳ˲˼
٫hڰ֣ʵϵıʾû¶游ڼҲ
չ
֣ЦŴԲоȻԳƶ˶ʥ飬ʫ˹ˣ˵ϻ˺ܵġ
Ҳ˵л¡
ۣôʣٟR棬˵˵
ȻĸСͰд
ٟRͷһľȤ
ٟRԣҲû˰ʷӵĶϹӣȻܾ
û۹ļһ
ǣڵڶĻٟRϻϵȱīҲûҴţҪ˵Ҷ֪ôϹӣŮʦΪܡʦ۹ãЩīģ͸ʦ
뿵Цһ䣬ӹ˾ǵϵıīǳлˡ
лӦõġ۹õˣк󸣡
뿵һЦЯīȥS


21 
ٟRʦͨ黭˸ľȤٟRʹͻŰ칫ȥˡ
СٟRмԡ
һʮ壬밲ԴӶٟRԾǸˣԣĸһд밲ķǡ
ԣÿ죬ǲѧġ
죬٫h֣չҲԼˡ
ٟRصǰ밲ķˣʦ۹ãҲùһķ˲źáо˼ҵķϣŹ˳Ӳûˡ
Ǽʷ̫ˣԺѧʿķ˶ˡٟRʷͣȹֻЩˣھشµĴ硣
ʷ̫ǳи߹٣ʷȻҲٹи밲ŮҪڵ£ٟRͣԸˣʷЩ
ʷŅ̀ͯͷһƣ֣̫ߵŮӣعҲеڶæл¹ա
ٟRЦЦȻʷ̫ǸϹӣϲСҲ̱ʷˡ෴ͦͬʷˣʷ̫λٸߣôϹӹһӣҲʷ˵Ĳˡ
֮£ӷᣬʮĸˣϸ£𪣬񵭰Ȼ
ٟRһۣʲôû˵
֣̫ЩǶģ˵Ļ͸ʱ䲻̫й˵仰Ϳˡ
ݻйŮɵģʱȥŮ˵˵֣̫ưʹŮˡ
ư۫ŮΪ˻磬һٰϵĹŮıȥɡڼҲһֱ˵һô
֣̫ٟRͷ㻪ȥ԰䡣
ưٟR˸֣̫꣬һ񣬱ٟRȥ԰ˡ
ЩΣٟR֣㣬ôˣ
ͷһٹ򣬴սٟRĸҧ䣬е㵣
ưùͦõѽ
㲻֪ԴТͿˡڼ߶˵ҰͽˡС˵϶ڰͽ̫ˡ
ٟR˵ưùðŵͦȫ
ֱ̾
ٟRССҧ䣬ⲻӦôô˵ˣ
ҿﷳˡյ־ҶӣͦõģŪģҶ֪ôˡһ㣬;ǲڰͽ㡣
˵Ҳ
ٟR˵Ͳ
ٟR֣Ǻýúѡ
ͷ
ٟR˵ӣʱҲһ顣
˼İ֣ⲻС߾ĸλãȻҹﲻ˵̫ƽ󳤹ҵĺӡҪˣǼλô
û¶㶼ʲôˣڹڶ飬ڹ飬һ飬Ҳ͸һƵġ
ٟRʹ͸˵ԼĿγ̱ˣ˵ԭΰ
ȻˡھС޴üȦȻǣһרٟRСˤġ
ٟR˵С书ˢˢˢè߶צƵıȻ£Ҽƻѧ书
ã
ǸѵŮӣɶ˵ɶĸԾ֪ưȫϺˡ
ٟR˵⻹ƻʲôϽ
һȻؼҾ͸˵RҲҪѧ书ģҲʦ
ﻮһٟR㻹ѧʲôˣ˵˵
˾һؼңҾ
һȥС߲Ķվˮߣ̧СڴϻвٟR¼֦ƿõŷȥ
ư񣬰ͽ֣̫գ֣̫Ҳûɿڰ£ʱòơ󣬵Ϲòơ
ﳤ֪̾¶ûáο¶Ͳףͱ̾ˡ
Ǳ߶ôưʡ
RŶҲ¶˵ҰѰRڶĹζˡ
ʲôã
ôûãRɶҾͶɶҲʡԺһ˵ɿ
ư룬ҲЩ
ʱٟRҲڹ֣̫ĸôûʦķ˽
֣̫δȢĶ÷ˣ
ٟRΪȣʦôˣûȢ˰
˸־˶ᰴͰȢӵġ
ȹٟRϢ뿵ڲͬ
뵽˵ĻٟRͬĸ˵컪ҶЩ飬Ҷ߻ˡ
Ǻܺð
ٟRҲźܺãλСȣĸĸ˵ǶҲˣҲǰڹ
ĸŮӡ
Ůӣ
ţҵŮǡ뿴Ƕʲô顣ٟR˵ʷ̫ҡѧʿҵŮǣҿǲҲģ
֣̫㲻˼ҳʦȥ˼Ұɣ
ĶٟܰRһҲŲϹһʶһĺ¡
ٟRĸԼͼ񰢽㡢㣬Ըһ飬ǼҲҶһ顣ţŮӿ϶ֻһ
ô飬ܲһֻһҴҶߴңҪǴԸһͦõġ
Ը⣬Ҳû¶
ҾǵģԸһģΪҲ죬˼ҲͲ֪Ƕϧѽ
ٟRȻѾǰ˼£ԣ˵ϹӼҵŮǣҲһͬʵĸǵġ
Ǽܺõ¡֣̫۾һЦôģ
˺üġٟRͬ覵ıʯҲǲ֪ԭŮӶ顣ʲ˵ʼôҾţʲøߴôС


22 
ٟR˼ƻҵõĸ֣̫֧֣ǰԼļƻơ
СҲһ⡣
֣˵ҲõһͶ´밲ӣλ˴ԼŮһµƷᡢͻᣬһĶ¡
Сˮ٫hһһյһյȻȸٟR
չСյ˵һε񶨺ѡһβҪ̫ˣҲȰѿγ̵׼ʱһһʹȥҲǵµĶ¡
ʲô¡Ҿ룬ԸǶһ顣ٟRЩɬˣҪ˱ã˼ǵĶ¡ССŮ봿¶ѡ
չȴ鼮ǧ麣ģʲôǿɶأ¶飬ʷһ඼ǳдԱѡⶨġŮ졢֣ǵҽڡĹҪѡ鼮ĹҲҪôʡ˴¡
аңҪˡٟR˵ͷһôѡҡݡŮɱ˱ˡ
֣ǾȸҲһˮƽ
չ룬ݻΪ󣬹ݴ֮ٴ֮
٫hңæ˵ҾŴҶһġȷ٫hƢ
֣ݣҲæչ˵ڸ֮ףҼǹ۹λҲ֮¡
չЦҲ˼һ˭ҲûҪǿҾǵģǰԵʣҾ밢h죬δ
Ҳǡ֣Ӳܿչ˼ٟR˵Ҳ˵Ҳǲһģ֮ȻȽ׽ҲȦӡ
֣ε˵ֺõľݣû˵ǳзģĺ˵ȫǿʼҵףرˡ
٫h֣ĿԣΪȻҲ˵ǿѪԵϵŵõʹġ
ٟRĳʶЩԵʡ
չЦⶼԵʡҡݲؿƾٱйλʮ꺮ġʵлһо˼ңӵܶ·ߣҲпƾٽģͲһˡ
֣Ų䣬һ࣬ѫ˼ҵŮҲԼȦӡ
ٟR֪ԭд󳼻̶ི뵽ĸΪѡİhhңݼҵĹڰգԭѫ֮ңǿƾٽڼѫˡ
ţ۶ļƽ󳤹Ǽƽصؽ佫֮ҡ
ٟRСȡֽʣֲ٣Сδϰд֡Сī٫hǰͷһذԼᣬ̫࣬ʮ˾Сͷ˼ңǱ죬ѡѡá
Ͷ󣬵Թ󣬱ŮӣƽʱĿȾҲ֪ٵ۶¡ټСƳ˼ɡ
Ҿ˵һһңֱסݡԹ佫֮ңѡˣ׼ٟRеСᡣ
٫h˵﹫Ĺô﹫Ե»ʺңͬҲ۫ҡƽʱ۫﹫ıȽ϶࣬ݣԺյľ֣ˡ
֣һҾüûŮhh㣬˵ŮһֻһҴԵǿġ
չҲҲִţǲ֪ǲģɼչҲ١Ҳѹ֣ѫȴԿƾٽݼȻٽ
٫hұȽ˽⣬ͷġҲˣҵŮӶ
Ҿ͵ˣ˵Щɨ˵Ļ֣Ҹңǲһ˵ĲԸԹӡ֣Ǽϲ˵ġ
չ￴٫hһۣЩ꣬ΨһһǼŮӵĽ̵ˡδӵƺҲûر
һ㣬֣Ҳݣȴ˲żüá
ٟRǾݶ٫h˵ǵһ 죬صÿͷŮӶˣҹҲЩı䣬ʱǽ˵
٫hԭᣬȻᷴԡ


23 
ɢȥ֣ʵûסٟR²һ٫hhhǺģ˵
ٟRЦеģĳõˣ˭á۫Ǻ׵ݡ
֣ССһԼŮҴΪ٣ʱ򣬶ԡҴͺмأ׵ѹһͷҿû˵õĺû
ٟRЩ⣬Ҳû˵Ժգһ˵Ļ
ûᡣ֣
Ȼ֣ϲٟR裬ڶԴҵϣ֣ŸٟRӦһµġԵ»ʺ󣬵꣬Ե»ʺδ̫.ʵѪ.ʵТȻʺ֮ӣТȻʺ빬ǻʹ֮λ
Ե»ʺ֪ں˼ý۫
ʷʷļزȣʷ֮ǷĹ£㲻ٟR֣֪ˡ
֣ТȻʺʺʵ
ҵûԵ»ʺްűעˡ
֣̫Ҳϲҡ
ԣڹ˽֣벻ͨ٫hôΪ˵˻˳᳤ģ˵ô
ٟRһΰᣬѡѡɿģЩѡԺ˵١
ٟR֪֣⣬룬ҿֻǣҲƽƽ
֣ЦŵͷҲˡ
ٟRЦʵhhҲˡ
ɣhhĳã˭áΪhhǸˣ֣ŶԴΪƽĳҲЩʹG
㲻ţȥʡ
궼ǾʱٟR֣ȥ٫hһȥչӡչж黨ûüٟͨR͹ˡ
չӭǰôһˣ
ٟRȸ˾˵裬Ǿ˵仰òˮģЪȥɡ
˾ҲǴСģ֪СʱһһܵģһЦūȥšɫ磬±̫
֪
֣ˬˣٟRŪЩΣ¶˽˵ãһۺôͼٟRѾ˵ˣչգΪʲôϲҰ
֣٫hɫȻ٫hûоȣ²ԭhhҲղϲˡ
ٿٟRһۣҾ簢Rϸ
κʱչﶼǼΪģ˹˹ĵ˵ҲûвϲҼҸҲҾǾţһֻŮ֧ٲֵƳ硣
ٟRףҲǡܲһûУɺûвأ
٫hֱ֣ڿĿڣ˵ˡ£үҲҫ
²֪˼ŮﶼᾫIϸõĸŮѡ¡ҲһЩŮףѡʲôƷҶ˵µĶ䡣
ٟRһȦչﻹǵ٫hѾ˲̵ɫٟRǶ֪Ǿ˵˵¡
֣öһ䣬ɱ̫˵㻹Сԭ˵ġ
ٟR֤ʵˡ
֣˵ˡָ֣һŵڲӵ˵ģһƸ񳬼أŵڵ΢ģһ֣ȥҴԶ޸˵
ٟR˵ⱲҲѽԵ»ʺ̫.淢ޣ﹫ĴҲԵ»ʺﱲ˰ɡ
չﶼ޿̣ľΪʳ£̸ͬһ汲ŮǶѫ
Ҳ⼸λļ˽˵Ҷ˵
̫.ʵͬˣݣصġ
ڼС￴߰ʮˣ游ͻļ۹Ů˼ܰѹŮ޸ͷ
֣չԴΪܵġ
֣ܽһأ˼ңΨһĹͬǣƸ񶼼ء
٫h̾ҾǾţҹ̫ˡҼҳ߶ģҴǸϸµˣҲ֪ôˡ
֣˵ҼŮ֮ʱٟRͺܱһˡͬģҲܿҵŮӡٟRѾ٫hΪʲôҪˣ̫ˡĶ˵װʲô
Ҫӹȥ˼ңͶ·Ůпԭ
Ҳǹڣ£ѫ
ٟRͬ٫hǷÿ¶밲ӣĸ밲ôдģ֪ˡ
֣ĵĶ٫hһhh㣬ɱĸǰ¶ϧ֪׮£۫ٳɵġ
٫hЩһֱİ
֣
٫h˵Ҳ˵Ҵÿϧ
չ&֣
ٟRЦеģܺá
٫hͷ˵ǲǴˣԣҲȥı£ͰԼıĻһ̹̹£Ҳˡ
֣˵þ̫ˡ
٫hûɶƢţչȴ٫hһ־أƽʱֻ٫hЩĳпɾ֮


24 
ٟRǸԺܺõĺӣ϶»᣶һű۾˯
ڶõĵӸĸ֣̫ӹϸƣڵ۶Ҳ࣬۫һң˳᳤λѡĶǿҵˣЩ۫ˡ
hh㲻һֱҶôҶʲô飬hhˣûʲôã۫ĸ˵ˣɶ鶼ûãŮӰѡҴͨˡٟRûֱ˵۫Ʒ⡣۫Ͼǳ
֣̫ϻؽصظγţ㲻Ҳô
ٟRҸϵѽ
֣̫ʧЦ⻹ϵԶ
ȻÿˡģһôġģȻѡҾźõġ
۫ˣ
ٟRҲûţͰѾ۫Ʒõ˵ˣǰֻ￴ֻĵĵطŮ¡۫ĸҹ˵£ҲãԣҾûѡ۫ûѡҡ
ҵҲǾ͢ͻģ˵²ã˵ּ˺Ϳô֣̫
Ը⣬ѵĸǻŲǽף
֣̫ЦЦ㻹С鲻ֻͣǳƷھŮһҲûе󡣳ңʮĹŮѵҪȥ̫̫ͬ
ٟRЩЦ˵ܾеϧ
ûʲôϧġÿˣÿ忴еĶһϣõĶҲһ֣̫͹ۣ׮£Ҫ۫ʹҶһʵϡ
ɳܰüŮӻ󡣡
˵һ㡣ɳܡ֣̫һָٟRΪʲôҴ˾ٿɳܣΪΪüŮӻȡ󡣡
ٟRͷ
֣̫ȴǼʣô֪ҹǲأ
ô⣿ٟRССĸ˵߰ʮˡ
֣̫ҲͿϳأ
ܵġhh˵ҹһˡҲ߯˵
֣̫ڱϣ֪ҪһŮԸ⣬ܾܻķӶĺܡ
̫.ʵ۵ս£ӺǺӺǰ֮ܽޣòˣ˽̫֮.档֮޵̫.ȡ·ϽΣԻݣȻɷ̫.ʵۣһΪ֮ޣһΪ֮ޡ̫.ң֮޹ҡΪпдޣ֪ȻƷʣȴ˵Աȫ
֣̫˶޵ıҵ飬ǣйеųҲõķƩ󲡡ֲûŮӣﲻԸ⣬ж
֣̫ٟRǾϧ䣬ΪҹﲻƽҲûпҹκβԸıʾ
ٟRСЩ£Բһ˫۾ȷʣѵԸⰡ
֣̫ףΪ
Ȼ˵ܾţ˺ܴ
ΪǵĿûҲһԸ⡣֣̫һĲԸ⣬ųԲܴӦ¡ɸҲӦġûóһ£ΪԸġ
ҲһԸ⡣
ǣĸ㲻ţЩϧô
֣̫˵ΪÿشǰȻ֮վ·ڣȻҪѡһ·ʱѾ˼֮꣬ΪӦѡԼ·ǡʲôϧأ㲻ϵжϡ
˵ҸŮ˵ףͼͼر
۶ǡ֣̫ΪȻңʮ֮˾˼ҽˡ
ٟRȣɣ
̾ͺܺãռҲܺá
Ҳ͸٫h˱Ƚ죬٫hų⣬ٟRҲ֪٫hһѵã۫ӵĲġ
ңĸŵԵأ֣̫ĸףҲ֣ӣλ̳ˡĸһ塣࣬˵޶ʱ£ʱ㶨£
룬ġٟR˵
ò䣬£ܽȻǺá֪Ҳл¡΢ǮһЩòƽòڣͼòͼҼʡ£Ҳ
֣̫󲻼ٟRΪƯƶһϧ𣿡
˼ٟRҡͷֻҪǱ˴⣬Ҳϧ
ôףһĵ֣̫Ϊ⡣
ٟRһʱԱ粵֣̫˼ң
ͦ˼ҡٟRֱܡ˼ҡ
֪ôҲŮϡġкӵҲһԴѡŵڣŵڲɱѡٲɱѡʡ֣̫Ҹɵ°ѫ󲻳ܣмųҪӲǻĺúõġ
ٟRĿɿڴһȻ˵ĸԭҲϲҰ
ôϲҡҽϸи淽ʽϣ˭ǸϲĶ
Ҫס²ҪֻϵĶö˼롣ҪģһЩ


25 
֣̫ϲӵĵὫٟRɲµԸֻ֣̫кͯ۾ǴĺڰɫǣɫȴǶ˶ӵġ
ֻкڰ׶ɫѤõɫʡ
ĸѣٟRҲԼҪ¾뵱Ȼ
ȻſϧҲ˲
ûֿܡ
ҲſϧٟRͬ
Ͽζ飬ٟRǴС׼ӡ
Ȼ򷢹˷Ըһɡ
ٟR
ѧϰӵϰףйҪдӵϵֽţȻдõ٫hдġ
ٟR滨Ժ˽ӡ
дӲ뵽˽ӡ£ס滨ԺԺӡ
дӵֽҲٟRѡģʱ¹ϹֽٟRϲлʮɫõֽѡһﺣĻ㡣
ܶʱ
ٟR˽ǰһ塣
Ѿȥˣ٫h˻ؼңһءô£˵˲ˡ
˵ģҲ۫ˡ
֣ҡռңյӵġ
֣Լؼңϴĸ֣Ϸ˵ʺ壬֣Ϸ˿Ůɫ֪ڹĲ
Щҳ֣˾˵£Ȼӵӣ˵µýͻ硣Ҹʱ˵̫˵ǹ˽硣٣ˣ
֣ŸƳγεĽӣȴû˵ÿ밲ھķǡЩµĹһ˵˵
֣ٷЦ˵ĻŪҿ˵ˣ಻Ҳʮݡ佫ӵܣһһ٣ֵĿɾȡ
ôܲһȫдȥ͵ǲôֵģʡ˵˱ˡ֣ӵĹ㣬ʵҽһ¶¡ⲻǸնôͷϡ
֣˵Ѿڹߵģôҵķݶ
֣ۼҸϵ¡̫̫мʶۼҵĹξ͸ĳɸһˡϲ飬ξһ飬Ҷ˼
֣֣ýã֣ĸף֣ҲЦڷܡ
֣˺Ц˵̫ﵽ£ǰԸ񣬿ɼѧǼõ¡ۼǶùκʱ򶼲ġ
֣Ҽλﶼɫˡ
ո
ռҵ֣£չѾǰٟRǵһλռҹ
չ˵ĺҷԼĶγ̡ڹޡٴҽһ˵˵Ǹ߸֪
ն˵Ҹһô
Ǿͳǿˡ²û˼ֻ룬ϾǾϸѡģеĹŮ棬Ըߴ֪
ն˵ۼ֪ģ֪¡
˼չЦŵͷΪ˺ðɣ
նͬĻʷ̫ҶҪ벩ѧҹʷˡ
ϡ档չһüëʷ̫Ųġ
ն͵Цĸ˵˵ʷ̫ԭ⣬ʷ˷ŭˡ
չҲ̲סЦ
۫
˼ʣ۫٫h˵֣ռҶӣôۼûУ
٫h˵ûյôдģġư۫ĹŮ٫hյ׵Ĺ衣
۫裬ۼۼҡҴˣӣһŸһŸøۼңôƽŮۼҽ
۫٫h
ǹãҴʵġ٫hֱ˵˼ҵӡɲզء˵ĸİ٫hĳǲĸĸġ
ڹߣŶӣöȰȰǣҲû۫٫hΪĸõԭ򣬲ԸЯáɿ٫h̹ףŮױȽϱҲûЩ˼
̶۫뵽һ£ۼһˡңҲƽƽϡݵӣ֣ңôûҵģ
٫hųų˵
۫˵öΪΪ˵
˵ˡûӦҲû취ˡ٫hΪ˵ġ٫hȽʵڣٟRڿˡ
İ˻¡ʵ٫hҲ֪¶ܸ˵ǲô
۫٫hųܵģ³̾һӢôô޲ŵŮ
ǰûУƫá
ŮãͲڳˡ
ܸ۫٫hƢĽ󣬹Ŷ˶пվ͸˵ۼҺãй׽ۼҡ˹ϵԺû
٫h˵Ҹͦõѽ
кð֣ռҶӣۼûСкãûͽ˺ȥɵɵòõÿʵ¡۫䲻ŭ䲻ý̵٫h
٫hԹԵͷҲ֪ûУǿ۫һơ
ôŮѹּʲôô̲š
۫ԳٟRΪĿɲôƫ
ҸһҵʰRôˣ߯ˡ
٫hĸЩġ
ȵĸҲٟR
Ȼ˵ĵĵ٫hֱоĸٟRɶǺ˵ˡ
صĸԺ٫hѵǸĸ˵ˡ֣ȫ޳ŮգַԸŮȥɵĸŮ˵ĸ£޹ء
Ҿе˺
һ˺˵ɢˡ֣ϵڹúһˡ
٫hĸʵ棬Ҳ˵ʲôˡڶһ磬٫hͳĸһ빬
ʱ磬߳δЩƮδɢ
۫ʹ̶ͦһ·ְ۫ڹԼˢøеļɸ٫hظһ飬٫hؼΣв·硣
٫h֣̫񣬼ٟRǸ֣̫ϣҲûٟR͸ŶЩǵĿٟRһۡ
ٟRЩ֣hh㵣ʲôأ
۫Ѿ֣̫ٟ꣬Rͻ¡֪֣̫󻤶̣ûֱ˵ԼĲh˵ӵܣݣѫλ˵֣ҹռҹôûҼҺӣһˮƽ
ٟR֪Ϊ٫hһǵĿˣ۫ҲġٟRͷһͻ磬ôƫе
ϲģһû롣
ٟR֣Լᣬ˭˭ѵĸᣬҪЩˣ
ֻһ䷴ʣ۫ԼҴͷԵŮǺŪٟRѾͷ겻˵
۫Ͼһͣ٣һּٟRģٟRҸϲѰңҪǹ֪ҵԸǱ°Ůһһʼңɲô
ĸ˵ҪôأٟRûֱ˵Ҿ㣬ҾͲ㡣⻰ȽϺٟRԾǸˣǣ˳۫Ļȥ
۫룬Сðա۫ЦȺ֣̫ͣ󣬡ĸҲһģǻʼ£
˲ôٟRʡ
ô˵ءһ룬ڹϵȻǵ۶һһ˼ҡȻŵҾ͵һ䣬ô֣ռҶڹϣ۫ѡأ۫⻰ʵģ
°ٟR΢ȷҸóһʹṩѡգ˭ȥǸѵ󣬴󳼻ҪΪʲô𣿡
Ҳгʵġ˽£Ȼ¿ʡ۫
ʣӿɴҲɲ𡣡ٟR΢΢°ͣСȴĸߣĶЩơ۫ҲǸʣһġĸΪʲôûǸϵĹ磬ĸԴһΪʲô
۫ԼѵǶһ߶۫
ٟR翴ף۫ƽġҪǽ۫סԺ󻹲¶ҪʡٟR˵ùҪǽзסҪСơǣ˵˾䣬ǡҾǿ˭Ҫҡ
۫˵ⲻвô
ٟRЦߣһ䣬ĸǵһ
۫ȻϵΪٟRⲼµļıרΪϹɵĦһ·֣ңҾǲףһ䡣
˶ʣʡٟRʤ׷
ⲻĹô
ʲôĸвףĸܲңʦ֣̫ͨóӿŶȡ
Ȼ۫ŲɣԼĵٟRڵĿˡ˵ӻ֣̫ٟRڵġѡ۫ԼҪ˵ʱٸԼ²̨ʱֻ۫ԳһƬģˡ
ٟRɲףٶʯͷٵ۫һƬ˽ģҲԩ
ٟ۫Rһһ䶥ĲģӲһٷ˳ЩٟR˲һӵ۶һԱȣ־٫hʵкʵĺôˡ
۫ǱʱȽ磬֣չҲû۫٫hĸٟRR֪˽㰡
ٟRҲ˵ǹ۫˵hh㣬룬˼˵޵һ޵ڶŵڼͷҲࡣңҾͿܾţҼҲҲôûҼң
Ҳ룬ʵҸǰģĸһ˵ɵɵ
ٟRôһ˵٫hҲĸ¶еɵ
ԭĿܡĸҲǴǻ۵İ
٫hµ֪
һ鷳۫ɵӡıǩٟRһ٫h֣ߣǻ԰ȥʯߵľջ˺ü䡣


26 
û֣̫˵һ仰ٟRͰʦ۫ʰˡ֣̫ĴãٟRзȡ
֣̫һϲʳзÿ궼ԵٟRٟRܿģΪֹֻ֪зɶζзз֣̫࣬亮һԡ
רһƢԣʲôóԣǾ
ٟR֣ǰĴɵҲֻзǯյҲһֻЫhhǶĴзٟR쳤ֿ٫hǰзһۣર죬ſӸпһͳ󡣡
֣̫ûٟR֣ն˵ͶСȹʮʳзҲҪʳԳЩз޷ġ
˶ɵӦˡ
֣ǿЦǵһοٟRô
ٟRһĶз˾ǣ裬ɵýԼЩ˷һ˿
ū֪ġ˾ǽѩ׵зŵһֻɫĴɵڣյݹȥٟRˢˢӣѸݵأŽ֭ͳԹˡ
ȻܲзҲֻźĶ࿴ĸۣҪԡ
ɵ۵ٹ밲ضµʣʣзûзرʣر㡣
ˣСٳǶ
ҾͳзǯûɶζûˡٟRź˵
һ㻰˴ɵ۾͵űŮҪзˡٟRȴ˵ĸ͸˵Ҳ˵õȹʮܳһֻзʵĻ
ɵЦſŮǹǶ¡
ǵȻˡ񸸻ʣҲ˶˵Ů׵ĶࡣٟRֱֱ߶豭űӲ̣ڵ˵ʣȲɡˡ
ɵɻ󣬡ⶮ°
춼¡ٟR
ٟR㼿ɵۡɵۿĸף֣̫Цҿɲй©R¡
ڱ߶Ŷ棬ʲô°
ȻҶ֪ٟRʹ󷽷ĸ˵ˣµҪٰͻ磬ѾȥˣʮλͲ롣ʣҵһΰᣬñʾɡ
ԭˡ
ɵЦҪʲôֻ˵
Եġ׳׳ƾУµ죬߹̵Щʱˮ˵֪ǰͻ磬ǵġô
ɵ۹֣Сһ׮
ɵüסˡ
ٲġɵľȤССͻͦҪӣ̷Ը̼´£йֺú׼һӦҪϺõġ
ǡæӦ¡
ٟRӦɵǻͲĺ档
ǵɵۣ֣ʺҲû¡
ʵ֣̫ɵ۶ʹ֣ͣʺȻҲһЩٟR֣ذ֣ʺǶԵĸء
֣ʺ֣̫ͬԭţRЩۼҵĹҲҪѧŹЩ񿴰RʮִȲᣬͻ£ҷԸй׼RȺ⣬ҲܶƵСϤ
á׼ˣðRһ͵ɡ
ӱ棬ԭаµëͻȫﱸٟRͷˡ֣ҲܸˣٟR⣬ľչҲڹﱸᣬĻɲѰеġ
٫hǸɴСһ׼ˮȥˡ
ΪǵһξٰԼ˽ᣬٟRȫ˾ǵµΡ
ʵڲ磬ٟR׼ص㣬ãڳ⣻꣬ڳڡˮġӡɹǰȷ࣬⣬ٟR׼ͶϷߡ
׼Ŀȫˡ
ЩյӵŹǣһҲΪٹĸĸףǰڵ£Źµӣȥµͻ硣


27 
һκѰͻ硣
ΪʢСҴĽ죬ͻ硢ͲҲѰ
һβѰͻ硣
ľУŮ˷֮¡
Źǵҵķˡ̫̫ޡ
ڹУٹǹ֣۶ôܳ裬ΪҲ˵ڹʽᡣ
̫ʺô
˳᳤δʱҲڽϵõѽǶڹ£롣
ٟRǵһ˵Ҫͻ磬Ҫ뼸Ĺһͻ
ԭ밲ٰ죬Ϊ˷ļλʵȫԴٰ̳ȥ仰̫ҹȻʹˡ
ٟRǣй٫hдӣ˰ͳȥԣᡣ
ȻٹеС磬ٟRͻ硣ǽ֣̫壬ٳŮٟR˵ˣ
ٟRû࣬۶ٟR˼ңûһѰ˼ҡû룬˼ҿɶˡ
ٟRСҲǣ̫µǼ谮µġ
Ůӵõ룬ȻǺ¡
˵ԵģٟRõлʮɫúļ㣬ڶ˵۶ŮС
ȵٹ밲֣̫Ҳ˳˿ЩŮӡҼҵĺӣ֣̫󶼼س֮ŮͱȽˡ
ٟRҲǸŮȽ죬ưҵǴСʶģƽŮ棬Ҳʶġ
ͬĻãȽϹԡܶʱһ˵żŻһ䣬ȫûдŮɷ
ԸٟRοͻ⣬氮ǳģĸȡ˸ºšӡ
⣬֣ã֣ءԼݣҲͼ
ΪٟRϲˣԣݾֻ֣һ
ԣ£ӵӵĹˡ
ʣµļλ䡢佫ҵĹٟRͲϵˡ֣չﶼϵãܸٟRʶ
á
ҵС԰ĳ˵
ҶľģٵģҲеһνոٟRʶ˼ԵġһλòֹǽἫˡ
ٟRò˼飬˵ôô
ˮΣӴڳϣ˿εε˵սɱǵ£ƽʱһҪɪɪֱ̫ˡŮңԵˮһᡣ
ٟR˵ͦġ
ｿһЦ
һλ佫ҵĹ۽һһģٟRС۾⣬ĵʣ׹۾ôˣǲǲˣ
׹ǿԼߴӳǶƿشŮᣬԱġ
ٟRȤЦ
λҲЦˡ
һ̩ȻĽģȫܴЦӰ졣
ҵʷӹﶼ֮ҵʣǴ粻Һҫֹۣŵڵ˹֡
չɪҹﶼٟRԼøУϾ˶ͬļ塣
ٟRͬɪǽõ˼չﵥһ֣ɼ޶
ͬ˵ǣᴵӲ
ǰһһԺ˼ң۶Ҳʮ֮Ҹⲻͬϣ治һԺգ˵ϸй顣
¶˵ʷʵݵġ
Żɵһ֧ѡ
ԣٟRдʡ
ҡͷҶ츳ƽƽֻѧһ㸧١
˵ٟRҶʲô顣˼ҶŮӵĽµģƽرֲ;ģŮЩѧ̵ԶҴΪָŮ黭Ҳѧѧѧǳ˿ˡ
ģԸģҲ顣
Ҫƾٻ߶ѧֵһ㣬Ҫƾٽ֮顣ŮӶȽ⣬˵ƫμ֮ࡣ
Ҽб¼ݵҲܲ
иƫϲá
첢δ䳡ʵЩɰͰͣϾҶǵһνӵ룬Щнġ
ԭٟRţĻ죬ϤһϷıȽϺáʵЩɰͰͣŵģ֣̫ɵ֣ۡʺ£˶̹˹Ͷ
ֻһнգнˡ
ٟRɴ˵ȥջڿʼˣɺÿˡ
͹⻨κãЩ׻ٟRÿ궼˵ЩͻС˵ɻвƽʱٟR߷еˡ
ͻٟR⣬Ϸǰ
ŴȥͶ
һϷҹȻȻҶٟRЩٟRͶ̫ãǴҽΪϷ׳գȻôʤˡ
ǣұɷˡ
һԲšݡеκһҡ
Ҳʤ֮ġ
ݸǡǸʼҽף㱻ỰԺ֣ңΪ˲ޡ
ңУʼѪڴˣҪ˵öûӰ
ǣͨ
ٟRЩ⣬ͶõľȻԸˬҲ佫ͥİ׹ǽĳ
Ƿ̬ôһݵĻһߣͶȥˡ
ûһ֧յġ
ΪѶȣͶ
ŤäͶ
ǳεͷ
ٟR˵˵Ͷ
һЦ¹ˡ֣ƽʱͶҲ٣ͶС
׹˵ֱƲ죬ٟRЦеذοûϵ㿴Ƕ簢ھֻһ󲿷ֶͨˡ
ٟR׼ϷƷҶзݣͶõģ˴Ҷеһһ׵ķıеһ֧˾Ŀȸÿȸβˡ
ǹھеĽƷ
Ϸ֮Է࣬˵ƽʱлǵ۶һЩȤ¡ʱٟRʶ۶ŮǵԼǲһġ
ȻҶڶҴҲĸȤ̰塣
ٟRһֻɣԼ飬Ŀγ̷ҵ뷨ǲһֶأ
ʱĻٟܿRһЩġ
˵еµĸҲ˸ʦҲһƥСɫģˡ
׹¿ӣ̽⻰ͷ˵ѧģԭţģ
⻹мٵģٟRʡ
£ǹеŮӣδѧϰ䡣ڡҴע͵ģһΪӲܴµĻ׹Լɻ
ٟR˵Ҳעͣעдע˶ԡҴ⣬ҵĿһգ֡䡢顢Ҫյ֪ʶܡԵ»ʺѵԵǲܵġ
ңҵĿγ̲ĸǸʡĸ󶼺ͬѵǻд
׹æƲҡ
ٟRЦûϵвľҪ˵
׹ҾΪЩģҪ׿˵治šȻ¶Ҫѧϰ䣬ҲҪһ𡣡
׹ͶԵǡҪǵѧôܴӦʦġ
ٟRٳϰĺôܺáÿСʱܶ԰롣ҪϲҲѧҸĸ˵ˣ괺ȥׯ̤࣬ʱͬΣ
СңûһԸġ
ͿԻؼˣͻĺһֱ°ΣŴ˹Ÿʹͳؼȥˡ


28 
Ůؼңصʹ͸ĸҶľٹ⡣ʷңƾٽƳī
ѧ£ŹݡҹŮʲô£ؼһ˵ѧǵȻøŹһ˵ˣ껹Ҫȥׯ̤࣬ѵʱǷʧô
һĥ
˭ԸŮùϵĪ˵Ͼһλٶ༸λܸϹϵڼŮҲǼġ
ǣҳ׷һ֣ȥ
ʷҸЩ˹˼ңƽҲͼȴҲѱĸŮӼңľЩá
ʷҲǷѧɣҾǲĹҸӣҶƽʱǲǵģͶ˭ûΡٲ䣬Ȼ佫ĹǱˣѵʱ˵вô
ͰǿѪԵǿڣǿȹƾʵѧ
ʶʷһϼƣ
ܲμͻ˵ǼСѡģǽԳԺ֮ң׶ĿȾ۽綼һһ
ǲûпʲôģֻƽʱ֪ģģõóһ˵ǵ۶ϵ˼ҡ
ԣЩǻؼʦĹ֪ˣ˹ЩŮӶȤ󣬵ҲлӵĻؼĥ˼˭˭˭ѧڵ۶㶼ѧѵһ˲ѧᣬԺż˼Ҷ˵¶岻ȥ
磬Ժ˼һҲᣬͲܲμӡ
ǣŶ˼ҲŮð˳ƥ
Ĳֻ۶ٻ˼ң̼֮ҡ
һЩ̣ϢؼŮǰγ̡
һʱ֮䣬۶󣬾ɷУϴ˵ǡ
۫ڼҸĻ߶ü⣬£ĲŰ¶Թ谮̫
Ǳ¶Թ̫ƫȼһ¯㣬ſһ˿ڡ
ٹı̫¡֪ΪŮӵطְӡ
۫̾ҳ룬֣ϵϽȨֻһʱ֣֮
֣̫۫ΪٟRסٹϾף۫ôҲ˵ٟRĲǡ
ٟRΪףҲ֣̫ʧ
۫£¶ԹĹأ֮ף֮£ˣ񲻺Ī
۫ԴͷŮϰ֮룬үҪҲ˵ⲻ֮£ֵֵϱһϱٸڸ֪˶ˣʧ棿Ǹӣ˵ҪѧĽŮٰǱ߶أ
үҪˣٰ̫.ʵ۵ѵ뱮ƳڹЩ겻ϵԵ»ʺ顶ҴٰĿĺԣҪ˾ҪƴȨѧ䣬Ȼٰ׿ϵġ
ٰոպү֣ἰ£ʵ䷴
үʵڵģ˽¸赭дһ仹գı㲻Ҫ˵ˡ
ƽʱö˶˵Ĵҹ㣬񶼷ߵߵȥѧ䣬񲻺˹أ˷ס۫Ե»ʺʱŮݶпȥġⶼʲô¶
ֱ۫˦֣ľŮϰ񷨲ϡ
ͬ¹⣬˵УŮڹУճŶ٣֪ն߶ࡣƵƵӴУǵк񷨣ǻҪв֮·
۫üĸ
ͳɤ뺮ҹʱүĻ͵ˡŮӲңʷ̨ҲȫӰɡ
۫üȻһɣҲߴһ˿ãǱ͵ȵȿ


29 
ٟR֪Сǽ˻ػгЩ£಻֪˻ų¶
ٟRӹͦãСսѧβࡣһ»գһʮաԽ۶ϰ߱ÿ밲ӣͻǺȲǳԵĵģһϯС磬
ǽ˵˵ЦЦϷֻ˵ΣٟRܲҾн
۫Ҳ˽ɵ˵һ乫ϰ֮£۶Ч¹ϳܾͣЩƵġϳģ߶һ䡣
ɵˡRСӻúöҲǸѧǸ˳ʽѧ
۫ɳ䣬Щ㣬˵ѧ䣬һѷĸ硣ж˼ŮʦأʼʣС£Ҳɲġ
ɵ۾۫ЩС֣Ůѧѡɵ۵ĵǣ޶֪ˡİɣ۶ҸҲйأ嵣֮µġ
۫£Լ˵ҲΪͣԽС
ҲΪ޿ǡ
۫ɵ۸ǰģؼһҪ۫߶
۫ǳϴαٟRưȳٟRС磬ҲûŮķݶ
۫ıԹûƫĵġ
۫˵Ȼãײhǵճ
϶ҵİ飬ѵǵճ۫ϥһŮ٫hǳӣҲ۫ӵĵճŮ
۫Ҳ𼱣ʲô²ܺú˵ôģ첻¡ʲôΣѵ㲻ϹڣҪǹյİhҵԸǽ
ԭҲҾǲƫ򡣡۫
۫ҲûӣͲ֣̫ϲٟRҲúŪϴν˵һΣѵٽȥ˵ٹӦĶ飿
۫ĥ󣬸ɴŮ߶һء
ưٹϵưŮҲַμٟRᡣ
ҲǷǽкȥɣɵ۶ҶˣҲǺôֲϸأ۫һӻ
ư˵ƾĸ̫ĹϵhҲȫɩӡ
¶ʲôʹʲô˼
ⲻǶôư뷨޸һ¸̫ĹϵֻҪ̫ˣʲôġ
۫Ҫ˵û֣̫Ҳܡ֣̫ϾʺҲü̫꣬ǴȨʱ˵Źǲ޵ġ
۫Ĳ޺ܿõһͷŵĻᡣ
Ӧ۫ѻ죬۶һ¡
һ˼ҵС㣬׷ѧϰʷ䡣
ЩĹضĿҴͣڵ۶ѰһλѧʶŮҲףᡣ
ƫйŮҪѧŮλ
ûѧ£С˽ȥˡ
ϵ۶µڳۡ
Ůӽ԰ңѧϰʷ䣬ʶк׵ĳ·
ԹٶԴ˶ϱ
һЩ߹٣ԴҲһЩġ
ɵ˳ȥٹ밲˵£ҪðR֮ͣһͣ
֣̫ҭʳ
RѧѧкҪҵѧ£񲻺Ůһ
⻰Ҳˡ֣̫ȻʷԴۣʰR˼
ɵģ֪Ů״ƣֻǵĹŮ£δģһʱЩԥ֣̫ʮָɴ࣬ӳᾭ£֪СҪ̵Ȼʱһ֪ͷԣʧִ硣
֣̫Ҳû˵£ⲻһС¡
ĸЩҪ£ʱ֣̫׮Լʷϱ֮£˵ġ
֣̫пӸٟR˵ѧѧʷͷѧɣˡ
ɵ۵ĹŮھΣ˵밢R㲻ɡ
ٟRջΪС˽¾Ų˼飬һ¾ǣϣ𾪵ͬʱйôڶѧŮӿɶˣ˵ˣðأյðɪﶼѧ
ʷ̫ҵŮѧʿҵǧҲѧѵˣ
ٟRȫûκھΣǸ˵ʣʷǲ⣬﹬ϰأǼС϶ϵãС㲻ˣʷͷϣ
ѧʱ佥ٟR
ʷҲ˼ɵۺţ̽˽ڴơ
ֱ֣̫˵ƣʷ˼ҪͷҲû˸Ч£д£
ٟRʷûмһ£ÿ۶жٺӱգô˵кӳţͲᱻˣ
֣̫һü۽¶һ˿Ц⣬пյһʷ
֣ʱڹһ䣬˵ԪڵƻᣬͶӣҲ֪۶ûһء
⼸ʷȥңҿǺܻٟRʷʮֲĹĵ˵
ɵ۵ʷôҲǹǾͷԹҪ˵˵ǶԻǲԣ˵Ҫһ죬Թٶ˵ˣ͢Σˡ
˵Ҳÿ˵ʲôô˵ٟRʣʣⰸӿɲˣ
µ۶ѰλߵĹ
Ǿˡ¾ֻǱ˵һ֮ԣ鵽õѰ˲֪ٟRԼѰһ˿ʱܵΪԼȡʱ䣬ӻͺ˵˵ɲС
ùţٟRʹСǻȥˡ
֣ѾʼǣǺá±빫˸Ӵţ۹
չֻҪô
һûʲô٫h˵˸ӣϻعʷǧôҲҲ˵˵ͷĵؼͬ׽һԼһЩСʷûˡ
һ˽ٟRķ䣬ٟRЬ齣ҲΧ˾ǴСˮٟR˵hhⷨãʷ̨Ƶġⷨãڻûⲽ
ٟR˵Сȥȡ
Сհķıһϣ٫hʣٟR˵Ҫ͵ѡ
ߣЩ೤ʷԽ˵ԽҪ
ǵðѧײɣ


30 
ı֮һ١
ͬڳѧڣһϵıָΪֱӡ
ٟRϲ˿
û˵ͷһأʷˡ
٫hдãٟRͶС˵ǶõģзһЩࡢǵʷ
֣㲻Ҫʷҵǧнһٰɣ
ܸ¶𣿡
֣һٟRŵСȭͷʵٟR˽нֱӸɼšٟRע⵽֣ߣɿԼСȭͷװûƵİڰ֣Ͽβѧô˵¶ʷ̨Ѱ鷳ʲôϵ
ʷ̨ͷʷշʷҵǧҲġ
ٟR˵ʷǺܴȵıʾھЩļһһҲ롣һǸԸ˵ġ
չ⻰סʷӲˣȲܽķڷȥһȭΪ٣ʾԼηȨ겻
չȰǧ֣ܶǾͳȫʷﻹûϲأԼǵԭռҲòռˡ
İɷİɣҲᶯֵġǰȥǹ뷨ӡٟR秵˵м˼档
ٟRѷʷǧйﱨҲġ
ҹԻطϢ
ٟRɴϣͷСѣ˾˵Щ˵һĻǣ裬˵ҸʶǣǸ˵һ
˾ڴߣٟRڱС첲ȥʵҲԩ޳𣬲ǲԵɵġǡҪһᣬ²ʳ£ֻһС£أͳһ¼
ΪʲôأٟRţ۾⣬ʳңֻΪ˽·Ŵ󡣰·ŴĿʲôأ
˵Ĳһԡ
˵˵
ٟR֧ͷ˾ǡ˾ٸñӣΪõֹͣĿγ̡
ʲôأٟR˵ѧʲôΣһϵûС
ֻԼѧûκιϵɵ²ֻԼѧ»ٵ۶һѧϰ䡣
ôˣ
Ϊǲ꾲ϣŮܰ˳լ
ûѧǰѵ۶͸˳ˣ˵ˣͺܻáҲ˳
ⲻһǸ˵ģĲģܴĵԸ񡣵õ۶Ч£ðǡ
ðʲôˣٟR˵ǾţȥŮӾͲ˳ô
ٟR߼ǳã˾ǵĻشܽᡣ
˾ǵͷΪ
ϻ£
۫Ļǰ㣬ٟR׳֣̫ϥ£ű֣̫ԣٟRûŮӦع˵Ĺ
һֶĿȾ֪ԣٟR»
ٟRҴ˵Ůӵӣ꾲ءߣڽ泯񡣡
ԺܺãҴҲʲôʥʷٟR䣬ͬ˾ǵ˵ʵǻʱͺС游µĸ󳼺۸ˡûĸǾҪȨвˡ
˾ǵ
ʶҴϵĻҲȫšĸȫܳڻ֪ôٟRһת˾ǣҲȨʱ򣬳ĸ͸ʷȻҹң
˾Ǻһ˲ĸоٟR۾һ˲ٟRһ˲˾ͻȻеһƿ־
ǲǿ־壬˾չٟRˣٟRߵʱ֣̫һԶʤٟRĸ
˾۰ٟRٟRҲ
ٟRе־塣
ΪٟRĳֶ𺶡
˾ǣҲٟR䡰ҲȨʱ򣬳ĸ͸ʷȻҹң˲侯ѡ
ǵġ
̫ʷڸصˣûʷڸĬ¿¸ᵽٹİͷ
ʷķӡ
ôΪʲô»ᱻų
Ϊʲô»ΪĻ⣿
裬һ˯ɡٟRСܿ׿Щ£˾ĥ
˾Ц˵ˣԼԺӾǴˣѧԼ˯
첻һҽһӣȻ˯š
˾ֻСȡԼı죬ٟRù˰æűӾȥˡ˾ǰúñӣͷֻһյ⣬£᣺ٟRһꤾ͹˾Ǳȥˡ
˾ֻ§Сӣ¶ӣЩû
ûûС¡
£û
Ǻˣұ
ץץ
ˡ裬ҽ°ɣҾҵŹ²˯š
ֻһͲ˵ˣԹ˯
ðɡ
˾ǽ£ƾٟRô߶߶˾ֻܱ۾˵ٟRھûȤԹԵĺ۾ʱ˯ˡ
ٟRȵĺ˾лϲζӳ¡ҹУ̲ס̾Ϣ£ҵС¡


31 
ڶһ磬ٟR˾ǰӽٹ̣֣̫̳ͬһˣĸңͻ
֣̫Ҷ㣬ҶտٟRʲô
ʱ붬ٟRŴµëë£һָͷˮɣˮ÷ġ
֣̫һ֣ٟRȥޡ
ùţٟRСһȥ顣֣ϵġҴĿΣٟR뵽һ£ͬ˾ǵ裬ȥĸ˵˵˵ģʷЩ¶ûףʦһˡ
˾ԳɣٟRһ飬ƽﲻ֪ٴҪ
˶ٹȥĸ˵оУҲû¶ٟRҲǿ
˾ǰźٟRϿʱĲˮԸϸ̣ȥ¡
֣̫ɵ鳯˾ǵĻɵһ˼֪ǺԵʣЦͬĸ׵ʷǳ鷳
ʷٟRѧ۶ٟRͺҰġ֣̫Ҳһ֣ɵ۵ѡѰĲ뿵پ飬Ҫ˵Ƥܲѷʷ̨ģһ̡ﱸشǡֿƾ١ѡ˲ŵˡ
ɵ۵ôһС£ѵʷ䣬ͣЩգġ
¹ϵһӣⰸˣѵʷףϾðͷ֣̫氢Rȥɡ
Rǹ⳼Ƿ׵ɵ˵
ңóȻ⳼Ȼס˾ǹǾͬ⣬Ҳˡ
ɵδٷԣֻ˵һ䣬ʷ
֣̫ȥڸ󴫻뿵
ӵ̫;ЩͿ̫ȻǵٹǹĵطǹӣûĿγ̣ô̫ȥ
ЩΣʱǰȥJ
ȵٹ֣̫밲֣̫ǰR˵Ѱ㡣ʦѧЩ⣬㡣
鿴֣̫ûԵķԸǳȹȥ¡
ȥɡ
֣̫ûаԵķԸɼٟRҪٟR񲻹ոն飬λȻʳڣ뿵ԼǿƣһһĿţ뿵Ҳ˵ԼʾʤٟR
ٟRС飬㹦в̫֮ΪɺҪԼ
֪٣ΪĲѧϵ¡
뿵һʱ²͸ٟR⣬ǳٹȥˡ
ʱٟRڸ֣ѧϰҴ
ѧЩˣҴ֣콲һʱԣҲŽ˴롣JS
ٟR֣һ£裬˵۶ԡҴߵġ
ɲô˵ˡҶԡҴҲֻͨһˡ֣϶˭ģ뺢˵Ҳģаġ
˵ڶġҴעͱʱע͡
ǰЩЩĵãȴûõע͡ʱҲȥˡ
Ҿţ⡣ٟRƩԵ»ʺ˵ŮԵ꣬˳ΪҪ裬Ϊ˳
˳Ȼ˳֮⡣
˳˭˼أٟRʡ
ڼ˳˳򣬷˳ӡ
Ȼã룬һ㣬˳˳Ӧ⡣ٟRƩ統̫.˳Ӧ⡣Ե»ʺΪ̫.淢ޣŮӲйȰɷ֮ô̫.Ϊǰ֮Ե»ʺΪβȰȻ֪̫.˾˳Ӧ⡣
˳֮˲û磬ο֣ϻٟR˵Ĳûе
ٟRУҸʵǻȨĸ硶Ҵԣ£ҪȨѿô
ĸʱͦɱȨ˳Ӧ֮١
ٟRŮӵ£˳꾲룬и塣
֣ϵͷǡһѣȷ˼
ٟR֣ͬ˵ЦЦУҴ˵ŮӵľǹŪΪ£ָŮΪ֡J
⻰ΪŮӾ͵ѧϰָŮʦʷ飬̫.ʵ۱ݣТȻʺʱ̫.ʱТȻʺ󲻶书䣬ܾ̫.Σأ
ٟRЩѧϰɻѧʷ˳˵Ϊ£Ӧǲҫ书֮⡣ָŮΪ֣ΪΪڵ֮ǰָŮСֵһ
ԣ裬ȾҴЩĵãβʹ飬Ů֪Ե»ʺأ
ٟRĽ飬֣һʱס
ٟRݺݵ˵Щʷ˵ѧ䲻ϡҴôǶʲôҴ
Щװļһ
վڴ⣬ͭС¯뿵ˣָʶû£Ŀܹ֮⣬Զʡ


32 
֣ϱǸûɶԸ,ٟR˵˵ġ֣ϵڼҲУпע͡
±иˡٟR,ҴŮӵĹж,صʱ²źá費չʷעҴҾ͸ĸ˵һ,ĸ¸ͣ˳
֣ЦӦ,ð
ٟRעҴ¸֣,¿εʱҲ͵ˡ
֣ϻҪٹ֣̫,һڿǳ˵Ŀ,
˵ʱҲڴȣЩ,ĿΣĿΡ
Գ΢΢ףȥһϵůȺ
֣Ͽγ̽,ٟRһϢʱ,һ⹦򣬾ǼӺˮԵģ˵
ݰݼ,ٟR˵˵ʦ,
˰Ӹ,,,ʲôԸ
ǷԸ,ʦĿ
뽲
ٟR㽫ʷ˵,ٟRߣ治֪ʷôģŮѧʦ˽ӣѧĹʧŮӴӴ˲ϰ䣬㲻£ǻԴ⡣
Ϊڸ֮һȻ֪ġ
ʣǵ볼ʲô
ҶԳ͢Ҳ̫˽⣬ʦδȽϺá
ԭʲߡ
˵
ٟRͣȻĽʽʣ̫ͱô˵
˵ʷ⻰ǣǿʷ̨֣ܲʷ˵ĸҲû˵ʲô
ʣǵôģ
¹ʷ֪Ǹؿˣˡ
ٟRһ˵⻰߶֣׷׵ͷʦ˵ý֪ʷķڷźá
Ц̶ǵ´ˣ
ĥţʷȻǴ׮մͷ¶ôӲź˵ٟRԲ鰸ȫ˽ģҪиԵ£ҵĵǣҲ˵ͲģãοǸˡ׷鰸ӵʱڣ߶߶£ʦҰЩѹȥ
Ѿ˴µ⡣
ȷҪСæG
һӦ£·ģδ֮ʱʷۣδƫġΪ֮ȻΪ˵
ˣһлʦ
¿ˡԭҲǳı֡
ٟRҪϿΣ°и飬ͼˡ
ĵʣ£ҪҪ´Űȣʱ֪¡
ٟR˵¶ͷʦֻҪɵӣջƲⰸҲϡˡ
һ֣ǳˡ
ٟR˾ȥ
ٟR¶䣬û˵ΡνҲͿˣٟRʣˣǴʲôģ
ȸӪ
ȸӪҪʲô
ȸӪǽӪҪаȫȸŵפء
ǲưˡٟRӰͷ΢΢ٟR˵۶׮ʦմŮӵİӣ˵ô
˵˼䡣
ѾûٟR߿æˡ
Ĳʹ׽ð޹أҪʲôݣǸͷĻᡣٟR˸ɫǰٟRִˣĸ͸ʶ֪ˡȻǳд󳼣Ҳ֪ƽֻд²ܵĸ͸ʸǰ
СС飬ڸ㴦ˡⰸӰ򵥣˭Ҫǲ壬̾һĸʸǰϺš
ҵʦȸ˵һ
ʷʲô⣬׽ûˣưӣ˭Ҳġ
ǣˡ˵ӹĸΪæ˵л㡣
ٟRЦЦûʲôҶ߰ǣ˹ϿΣȸ˵
˵ٰظȥˣٟR־ȹӳԵ磬С뼦
ĸϻüӣ㡣
á
ٟRᵽ£ٟR˵˵ʷ˵ҾţܺáǣʷҲý֡δ˵ʲôƶϡҲɽ˵ʷҲӦʵǵĵвء
֪ˡ˵
õĸ϶ٟRԺܸˡ
֣̫۫ͬ˵ˣ㽨עҴ¡
ٟRͷҴʮǰڸǰһˡǰ£Ե»ʺŮӰΣŮٳţԭǺ⡣ʷʢ̩񰲣˲ɳأ
ٟRհ㳣˵ⷱϵ̣ҲŮӴҲһЩ⣬ǰδܷģעͣҲʡʷԹٲᡣ
֣̫ⷨӲֻǣע͡Ҵһ֮λееŮһ۫ȽϺá
Ҳǡ˶໹ܿЩעáٟRţĸܵ
֣̫˵ĥѡʱңţ¶á
áٟRϲֱءĶԴ߸һӦ¡
ź֣̫ٟR˯
˾ǺٟR˯죬ٹ
찢R˵ʲôûУ֣̫ŷ齣˾ǡ
˾ʵЩգݺʷ䣬ٹдӡҿ蹬Թ֮ӡ
ٟR˵ĻһһʮĽˡ
֣̫󴽽һ̣ȷǸͷĻᡣƽصôҪֵֹ̲մŮӵİӣֹ̲
Ҫ޲Ҫķǣڶసİӣ۹ͣ䵽ͷϵĲࡣ
۶մ򵥵и߹һҲ泶ƤȥȷǵƷԱͷĺûᡣ
עҴ⣬˭߰Rģ֣̫ʡ
û˸˵۫ᵽʱūҲһ
ǰRԼģ֣̫üһŮ֣
˾˵һ仰ٟR˵Ǿ䣬ҲȨʱ򣬳ĸ͸ʷȻҹңʵ֣̫
֣̫ĳĬ
ˮůھţУ֣̫еˣôһ˲䣬ͻ֪
ͻ֪ˣźֲʡ
֣̫˾ǵ㽫Rչ˵ĺܺãԺҲҪһֱ׷ߡ⺢ʣ£Ҳػ⺢ӵһλӡ


33 
ʷ,
Խӵٹ˱ֲ֮̿С
ЩֵĴĸȡӣչ,Ϥּӳ,ǳһʮһǽ˵ģ,ǰʮӣӲ,ҲЩ
캮ض,籨١˺Ȼ˵
ΪʲôҪƲٟR,ֻμӹһ,ܺദ˵Ϸ,˼бҹһ֡
￴ĸϵΪѣĵ,ĸ,ôˣ
ŮٴС£㲻֪ʷ̨ͳ⽼һ׮մϱġ
ⰸôˣʷ,ӵ²ϡ档
׮ǣ
ĸ˵ЦɣŶÿڹ,ŶûһΡ
,㲻֪
ǵĸ,Ϣͨ,˶֪,û˲á˽ȥŮ˵һ,㸸Ҳûͷʷ˵ȷǹϰ䣬㲻õ۶Ч£಻ܳк绯֮¡
ôӾǣҲ̫ͨˡ
Ҳô˵ɱѹʷϱǲѹġ֪£ܲ㻹Ǳȥˡ
ĸûӵ˵ҲĹӡһ˽ȥѵǣѵҪΧۣˡۼңȽٳƲ顣
ҽ˹Ϊױ׵ĻᣬҪʵ߹ûУҲܿɫΡ
һҪСģٶ֮
ĸ׷ģ֪ġʱҽ˵ҲʲôԸҡ
ĸףʷıӡûΪһ磬۶ÿСмѵûԵ漰Ůӵİӣôƫ¶˵⳶֮£ѧŮӶˣıԹһŶ󰡣Ȿϵģȱ¡
Щƽ
ҲûϳҲ֪ǰŮӶǲģէһˣЩŲԴϡ
ĸףϸ׻ʸףô£ʷıӲѹɸʷ£Ӹò飬Ӳϳɲء

Ϸ˻ؼңĸŮõһϢ˶˲һڣҵʱͳСʷֱ֪νⰸӹȻɺޣʳϾ̫Ӧˡ
ףˣ
۶ץư˵۶׷ѧϰ䣬нӴȷҲСЩ֮£ָ˵ᡣ
ʣ˵ô죿ýҲ߹
⣬ôǳһʮ壬ʱһȥ𣿡
Ϊʷӵ¡
һŮ֪ʲô˵ף̫󡢱´áȥ˵ùصġ
ףɱСƹܺõģ˵ҲҪʣܲ˵Ҹ˵ˣõġѵôش𣿡
͢£ôءȻ˽ٟRԼƽʱжϡ
Ȱɷ򣬡ԽСԽ¡ٹŮǾ͵ԤЩҪƵ˵þۼСġ
һ빫䣬ȷں׶Ρ
˵˵ɴ˵ССʷҲȫ޵֮ԳϹΪùӣ𵱳ע⡣
Ůʱڹ곤ޣ꽥Ȼ¡ҪҪ䣬ͱⲻнӴŮأ֪ԼҲǱҪġ
ЩգҲ͵۶һ
֪ܲ˼Ȼ£ƽʱмҷ̵ŮӶ飬Ѿ뱸ġǲ˼ңټ֮ҽ̲ϣ¡
Ҫô˵
ҪѧŮӶ÷ҲǺܱҪġƩ⻧˽ӵŮӣڼңߣѼǴ˼ҵū澣Ҳмڲᡣģˣūװסһūȫϡҡͷ̾һЩɵŮӰ
ٹ
ɵǰ밲ʱ֣̫˵עҴ֮¡ɵЩ⣬˼άȴ죬²ѣ򽻴񲿣вسڵ֣ԡֻǣĸôȻ뵽עҴģ
ĶҰǰR뵽ġ
ɵһ򣬹ŮѾһ佱ģˡɵЦдżȣ⻹û飬Ҫע͡Ҵˣ
ʷ˵ѧ䲻ϡҴѵ֮ô˵ѵǶԵģǸҴҿǲע͵ġٟR˵עͺãʷ̨һ˷һʡٲס
ɵףĸ
࣬㿴עҴºĶɵʶӡ
룬õ˼ǣͨעҴϰ±ɷϹ֮£ʷ޻˵
ⱾͺϺǡҴﲢû˵ŮӲϰ䣬ֻǡҴһζ˵ŮҪ꾲£˲һִ֪ٟRʥ˵鲻Ҳиָעͣ磬˵ΪʲôҪעʥ˵飿
Ϊ˱ڽѧϰ
һԭʥ˳Ǽǧǰˣڵ˶ʥµ⡣
Ц˵Ҳ
ʱעʱ¡ٟR˵
֮£븸µͱɣαע鷳
ǹô󣬸ʵּǧ򻧣϶ûܳʱ䡣鿯Уãʱջؾ飬ط飬ǵɽ̻ˣԺˣһȫ֪ν̵Ůˡ
ţҲ಩ѧ壬ע֮ʣҲὫ鿯ӡ̵ˣô֮飬Ҳ״塣

һһ˵ʮҪʷ̫ѧʶãҪҪʷ̫һע
ǾǸϹӡٟRʷ̫ܾʦ¶ģ˵ĸԭҾѧʷ̫˵岻ãң磬˵Ϲʲô𣡡
࣬£
ɲôϹģϹϹۣϹġ
ЦŰοã۲۲ѧʿѧʶҲܺá
ٟRۣϹӵڶ
ྪѧʿҲܾʦ
ٟRصĺһ
˳˵˭˭ɡ
һ룬ø˵һҪóǺܶ˶ܰơ
ǲ˽ⰢR㣬һġҪ֪ʧôѧ֪ôġøˡ
Ҳû취˭ϹأȥɡٟRš
˵֣̫ɵ۶¶οɫ


34 
˻ؼ·ϰٟRѷȥĥ,ٟRȻܰ˽ŮӿЩѰصġ
˵ٟRˡκе¸е,ϣŮܱѰء
Ҫԧ,Գ˵˽ӵŮӻٶΣաĵ,ǵÿ˵ǸˣŮӻεȾ,ʵ
ϳ˰ٟR˵Ļͬɷ,Ҫⰸ,ܳͷ
ʰԼһ,ףпܡС,̲ܲԴȥץҾǰ¼̰Ҳ̫й͵Ǹ,϶Ҫȥġ
ȸҲϽЩ,һءG
Ҳţ׼һ͡,ǶСԧԭڽģĿԲ󡣡
ⰸӦòѲɣ
ܰһ,ǾһҪҲ,ҲҲˡ
ڶ,ٟRһյĿοճ,´밲ӡ
ʮ,ҡš佫,ȫˡ˵ľʷϱ£ٟRʣǶ˵û
涼ǳңһǿ֮Ůһǿ֮ŮҶûȴ𣬻ҪҡҲ죬˵ˣ˵һߵģԭѾ֪ˡ
Ҳ̬ӰӰ´µ˵ˡ
ٟRʣǸô˵ġ
ȴ𣬡˵Ǹʲô˵
ҸѧҸĸ˵ˣܱô˵ѾʼѧˣҪѧȥ
ǸܰĹȤϷơ֮࣬ʵȤҶѧҲѧˡ
ҵĻشҲ֣ѧţҪ˼Ҫʷѹȥȵѧϰ䶼Ҫʷ룬ʼϺڣ޺淨ͣǿ塣ԭǿϰɲϰ֮£ùʷԶϰ
ٟRصͷǰ¾СǿƵĶ࣬ҲСᶨ
ʷ̫Ůʷҹ游˵а浾ʷѵ۶ⰸϣҲίʵǣǿԭӦǼ˽Ů֮ʡ
ӹҵҲ˵ʷ
ٟR˵ţʷӴ˹ȻˡµϹһϹӶҲȫȻͿ
ʷҵǧ𷽹ڰ಻סѼ︸׵̬ȣԼ׵ĵ˵˳ʷ̨Ųһţ¹ԱӣȾϹٹĿвףϹپѹʷ̨ĻҸֻͷʷ¶ô˵ԣʷҲѹӣֻˡ
Ҹ˵ǹ˽ӣԺΣˡ˵ŮнӴ٣Ҫз֮Ĳǡ£ǹûʲô취̵ŮӶЩˣԼİ취
ԭ룬ʷ̨ǲǶϱʷԼ˼˵ĵҲеٟRɿЦŵһҪֲǷʷ顣ǵڼʷ²һһ˵
¶ǶġٟRһָǰôţԺôš
ȻڶָУʦϿΣǰ˵ˡٸǽһ飬ǸᡣǸܲ彼׮˽Ӱģֻȥ飬ҪǸĸ˹ٽʱǸ˵һҼ֣ڸʡĸǰ˵ʹ͡
ֻҪʡĸ֪ôˣйͣûٵĻô
¶ԺյĶ壬ףǰ¶ǲ׵ġ
ȷǸᡣ
˭һӵܶء
䶼󣬴ҲȽʵϣ׷˵ؼǾ͸˵
һ¡˵ҪӣҲ֪ɵŮӡǻȥ룬Ҫô̸ЩɵŮһףĶи˽ӵİ鲻ýȢô˽ʲôѽ
ٟRû뵽һ㣬ȷǷĻٟR˵Ҳһ룬Ҳһ룬´νһӣдֽϴһ
ҷ׷Ӧˡ
ԭʱĲٟRĶȡСȵĻ˼ҡ
û죬Ҳǵ죬˽ӱյŮӾͱҵҲһ׽ûص۶ⰸȴҲٟRǰ˽ӡ
ŮǻϵŮʵֻŮǻȴҲʲôˣԭЩСѾͷţŮӴЩдЩӸ̡
Ȼ¥һ
Ůӣ¥ҪЩ
Ůм⣬ϵǮˡûǮĲ˼棬˽⡣
ֱǣ۶֪ôˡ
ʷ޲ԽƤԳ͡
󣬵۶˴ʮӣûҲơֵŵŮǣǴԼ˽ȫ˽Ůӣȥˡ
Ů˽ӵӣԸ˽Ϊһٰ£δ̡
ٟRһ۶е龭˵˾䣬ʲô¶
֣̫ɵҲд˸С
ٟR£ӵˣֻ˵ˡ۶㲻һȺù١
Ѱأʹǲˡɵ۵
ٟR£ҪҵĻҵðЩŮǵİ׵ӡ룬Щ˸ܸʲôôʮϸһܹܵôˣϸ϶аֵġ
ҾţβյĲã̫ʲˡ
֣̫ʣҪĿЩŮӸΰãʵٟRá
˼Ƭ̣Ѱá˵ңҲȫȻҡͷҲ޸ĸֵܣӦÿԵŮǶҲЩʢ̫ƽֻҪҲߵģֻҪࡣ
֣̫ٟRٟRˬ˵Ҳ֪ҽе۶ȥ죬ͳٺ»ôҪǰ첻ãѵһ٣ٺ»٣
ɵĴЦĥˡ
ɵ֣̫ͬĸⰸӻˣ£ðఢRһ£ҲЩʶ
֣̫ЦҿС


35 
ٟR˵,Ҹдɡ
˵žͰӿĸ͸׵˼ǰֻ,ʡĸӰ,дǲ̫ͻˡ
ͻӾĸʵ˼ֻҪ˼,ֲдٟR磬ĸ˵ô,дɡ
ɵЦ,޷,ⰸӻ,дѡ
ֶī̵С,ٟRյ߶ϸ⣬дЩܵϺˡ
д£,δӡŮŮ,ΰã䣬ʧ֮𡣴׵,پϱ
ٟRͷҸǺˡҪ,Ҿд,³˷绯İ,񶼲֪ܺŮӰź,ǵ,ô
ٟRһ˵,һ߻ڳС顣
Цڵ۶鰸ӻϣӦò֮ˣֻǷ˼Ҹɡ
磬Ӧøл㡣
ѹٵãлˡ
ʣĸʣ۶ļˣǷҲһЩá
һ룬Ҫʹ͡۶ЩŮӰúãһʹͲ١ɵҲ㽫ʹ͵Ĳʹ˶ӡ
·󣬵۶Ҳ䣬ܿЩŮŮǵ˼ǰõͬһ
ӵǮǴӷûġ
ϻ˵ʱŮ˾ȥкѣŻŽ
ڸʹʱЩѣⰸƵĿ죬ȴȫǵ۶֮۶ȻҲˣȥ׷˻񣬲ȥ۶Ͷӡ
곤Ҳʮ꣬ʣһʮ꣬һʮꡣڵ۶ЩլӪ˽ӵԧ죬˽ǵԺӣȻôء
Ҫ̼֣Ҳð죬ЩǮǡ
˻̼֣һڶѡƷ죬һ޾ӵܣһ˶ͯ
ٟR˵еǧٹ֡
ڶѡƷģʮ꣬︸ˣ⽫Ϯģ׷̫.ʵ츮ϣ۶·Ѷǽģ۶Ǯ⣬ҲûǮٶ·֪ôʶλʮ޾ӵܡ
оǲ뿪صģ޾Ĳһߡ
λǳһӵĲ¼ˣ˵ðҶΪ磬׵һ£ڼҳͷ۶ˡ
ˣǶԧӣǳڵ۶һ˽լС͵ȡǮġ
λ˶ͯϣ٣Ҳʽ·˵Ƕ˼ңĸ˫۶ġ
û飬ٶûٶֱҡͷЩ𲯱ɣ⼸ˣС޸ĸ̵һζ𲯣ǲܷġ
Rʲôûá
ٟR÷ҧһڣһһĵģǸʮģٵġʮҲܵٶˣһĲʹܸͻС͸ʲôģÿ¶ס
ʣȥѧ顣ٟR˵ѧǽ̵ģûĸʦǸĸˡ
ⲻ⣬ЩǲԣȻҲ͡
ٟRûʲô
ʹ͵´ãٟR˵ĸٳˣǵùȥĸͷЩ
Ҽġ
ĸ׼ûʡ
ĸû׼Ҳûá
׼ţĸٸȥ
ٟRСԴʾԼ֪ˡ
ᣬʹͰ£±ȥˡ
밲ӣٟRˡ³СٟRЩɵۣҲ˵ǻȥһһ취һôǶûд
˵ǰӲôԭЩŮĲ£ʲôİϵûС
͸Ӫģһ㲻ϡ档
ⰸӸȫɣҲ˵Ҹ׺ݺѵӵʷ
ʣ¼ҲǼֽģٟRһȦ˵Ҳ͸۶һΡ
չ۲ٟRɫ˵д˼
˵¹ʣҲд˼
˵⻹дʲô¶ôʵء˵۵ġļٶҪǨƧؽȥˡ
аաϸˣٟRλֵı㣬ҲǸȻӽˣҲءʷĵǻǺеġǣţзδȻһױŮأӣ̸ЩŮ֪Ͳױƭˡ
ɦɦͷһȥ롣
ţȥ롣ûƭļҲ֤
û»һٟRǼۡ
ҲûٟRǽǾ۰հķӡ
չóһ￴һǱӻմ͵ģ־͸߹ŮٶƸΪޣΪ檡һ˽ֻΪҡԺŮҲֻ
õĽбӹ߷ģЩı˼Ϊū檣ҵ벻֮أǼƶ֮صӣǳҡ
ҪԤƭ֣Ҳû̫õİ취ǵ취֪Ҫ˽ӡȢˣȻΪŮӿǡЩЯŮ˽ӣŮһΪ檵ģء
һҵ˵һἯ׷˱֮¡ֳּϣһʧױеӶϣ߷ÿᣬи˺ͯʧ١չ֣˵۶ǿѲӣҲûԵķӡϾһǼ졣ŮٳţѰ˼ҵĸˣһͣҲմ֡СҲ֡
ٟRף棬˼
˵Ͽһ˷ӹ˿ڣǰȹ㣬׼ġװɻɣװϹӣͬװͶޣĲľ°ȥ
˷ӵַǧٹ֣Ҫ˵ԤҲУЩ޷ǾǺЩʱѪ֪Ƚѣ취һǼᣬӡȥøҥϷȷʽϾʶֵҥϷȽҲͨ׶
չģٟRԸпҺаհ氡


36 
ٟRûжԳ͢Ȩһ׵֪ʱ,͢ϢһСµ
ϣʷ̨ϱʷԼϹµļ,ƫԶ,ȻµĹԱ档
ٟRԴ˲֪飬Ҳֻпյʱ֣̫¡
,֪ٟRѵͬЩ
ġ
ֻ,⼸˵ĵ۫ʹ
ɵ,ʾ⼸ʷ̨,ȻҲλ,¡ȻǵЩǺõġ
ȷʷʱ˰,۶ҲôѰˡ
⻰˵ģҲǵ۶ڳȻǸ۫һ粻ɡô,ûʷǻƲ˰ˣ
ǰҲʷ۶Ƶģ
ɵ۶۫,λ¡ҪĶԵ£ǰδ֮ǰⷢ,ϰǶҪָ,Ժǲ޳Լ뷹,ҲҪ˵һˣ
۫ʱ,۫·һֱ衶Ҵѹٹϰ۫,ʷ,ֻһԽָָٹĻ,ٟR˰еƷ
۫δϵǣǵ֣̫ܳ谮ɵҲԸ⿴ԼŮΪνһöӡ
ԹȡʤɵڴЩӳ֣ٟRĴüѡһӣҪѧ䣬Ҳǳġ
Թپʹ˷ѣٟRףҲȻӰ졣ɵϥ½һһŮ뿴ֳ֡
ɵۿֻ۫ȡ裬ʵµԹ٣ȷѰȥ
۫ѶҪ̫
ĸѵЩֻ֪ⷢӵСˣɵ΢壬ĸΨһӣĸвŸɣӦĸ̣ٳʧ֮¡
۫һҭֻȻ¡
۫ظղ跹˼۫ɷ壬ȴҲ֪ĶȰҽҽ˵ᣬ˷ɢķӣת۫ڽС
ôҪߣ۫ûɷ˵£ɷһֱλĻвŸɡ
ɷҲܼλĻš۫͵ĸˣһӵѾӣҲûٱܻ䣬һ仰
䣬⴩һӣ޷Ұף߸ݵĸɾ˹ģ
ڲʹйʧү̳үʴȣηǳүүʰϲȥһ⣬תү
ôˡүӹһֱţ˼̫ҽãҪ뿪۫ûţ̾Ҳʮ꣬ҵļ졣үЩĽ飬˵Եģôүʱȥ
үˣ֪¡
ɲô̫ҽֻ˵ģɳҩֲá۫ǵүҲ͵ˣôȥҶ֪ҪǺˡ
ҹȥү˵˵
ðһүģ⣬үܺ
۫Դ鷿ûȥϡ
۫ůɫݲϣŴ̨һ迪õĺ÷÷ӳ۫԰ף£ֻЩˡ
ϣ˵үԹɫҲ²ⲻ»ؾүĺ⡣
۫Ժ÷ջأĿֱɫ˵ʧߣδϵ°Ů֮ȭȭΪŭүܿˡ
ܿôûܹࣿ۫˸е̾˿
»˵үĵĻô
˵Ҫ̫Ҫ̫ͬѧϰҿǰûжس֮ˡ۫˵ҲϾ̫ĸӣ費ףһ廹˵ʲôأ
۫һôɵ۵ı̬ӦǷǳᶨˡ̫عںã޸ĸ֮飬ѵּүζɥأ
۫ûһʸҭսͣ߷ߵĿһۡΪǰǶΪضȨļıû뵽»̫ͺá
үƭѵƭ̫ô
˼ǣ۫͵һ񣬾⼸գ˷ҩʳһʱ˥ߣһֵ˻ȥ
ʱס۫۫۫סĸ첲˼ǣǹ̬Ի̫󣿡
Ҳܿ϶µĸѾǰ̩룬̫ͺãǱٶȡȨ;ԭ蹫ϰ֮£̵͢ӣŮ̫ԾˡȴϷٹãһЩƫүԹ٣ٹıᣬĵ
үǰı£񾡿ɷˡ
۫һɣ磬ף˵ĶԡҶţ̫Ҳš
תЩɥֻǣٹ
۱˭үģ±˭ҪˣҲػĵˡ
£ΪЩʲôأ
үȡľĵүүݣǶԱ֧֡¸ʲôʹʲôʹãٹǡүʱĻ֮ʱʲôԱأ
۫ĸĻţһͨ۫ĲҩͽЩ嵭ʳڶ޴޴ˡ
Ĵ֮£Ҳᡣ
۫ң£ĵ˲̫ࡣ
ŹƼ︸ָѰЩŮİҪǼҪ֬ˮۡͷεĶϡ棬զҪֲֿ
һʣ˵ҵģһҪ´νҪһۣηЩմŮӵĻˡ
ʷЩͷΣСŮʲô
۳˵İ취øͷĹǣҪϵ˵ҿɲˡS
ʷˣǽЩ£
ǵѣǰӶˣû˵Щ˵˵ĶԣͷȷһЩˣר˹մ֪ŮӵġҪͷˣܰ˵ĵطһҪæ
˵ⶫ˵ģͻСȴЩٽӴЩźðɡ
һܱȹС˵£Ҳ¡
˵Ϊ£Ҫܱܺеıʾ
ʷһڴӦŮУİɣңһһͷ
ллüЦ׸һ˵ϲԵңȵûؼҺȡ
ãҾ͵ҹŮĺˡ
ĶԻֻڷʷһңҳţСҼҵģͦǹ
ٟRҵ˽С磬ǹǹµʱٟR߿ճĵλλãˡ
۶δعʡ׵ļƽ󳤹ԼҶ֣̫ɵ֮ص۶ǡ


37 
ƽ󳤹ͽ֣̫ҪС,࿴βЩ,Ըֲ,ǹӲ۶Ĺȫͬġ
˵ʵ벻ģƽ󳤹ѶŮﱲȫ
׾Ǵų,ƽ󳤹ϥһŮŮѳ,ĸҲвʹ,ھСμƽ󳤹˳Ϊͽ,ϱĸ,ĸӼҵŮϤ
Ů벻,ǹŮŶŮһġ
ԭгӦøЩǼµˣ֣̫ʡ
һӵɩӺͱµּ⣬ҾͿʼװˡԭҲЩ,,µԵ»ʺļգǰǾͲԸ粻,ҲһЩڵ۶ꡣ
ɵЦ,Ĺĸ˾,Ը,ԸԺ󳤾ӵ۶
ʱ,ҵԸһڵ۶,,һѰ۵ˡƽ󳤹һָ߶ŮЦ벻Сġ
Ͷ벻ġ֣̫ͬС
ɩһü꣬ҿɿˡƽ󳤹ǸпĽֱ˵Ľɫ
֣̫ӵݸƽ󳤹㳢˵ƽãɳǵøȥ
ʱȥƽأҲǱӡƽ󳤹һ۽ۣÿɩ˸ҰԵĶҲûҡ
ƽ󳤹ɵ۵µǻ󣬶ϹҲʹ͡Ҹĸ˵ǰ£̫.ʵ۵꣬սʱҲ˲ЩŮһҲֺǡƽ£¶ɾˣԵ»ʺ˵˭Ҫ˵֣Ǿʧ塣
ʥд飬Ҳ˵ǣʥ׶ġϵͲãҴɴȥ˼ƽأ۲Ϊƽ󳤹ĸȥ磬ڹʱТȻʺչҡҴȥ˼ƽأТȻʺԵƵЩ񷨣ÿ˾ҵʹͣ͵ƽʱûˡҵȱǵʹͣҡͶĸ㸸ʵ壬Ͷ
ǻֻûǻԵǵĸ紵ƬҶǡƽ󳤹Ʋ죬ʵֱҲûع۶
ƽ󳤹пٟR棬ˣĸΪʲôЩҲûص۶أ
游ǻǻģвͬǸֱڿˣϵ۶뻹ǻؼƽصĺá
ٟRˣλĸǵԵ»ʺʵҲ϶Ȼλʮֱڿĳ
˳᳤ڴʱ˾䣬趼Ϊ˵乫ʱˡ˵˹衣
ûɣҼŲƽ¾Ҫ˵ģ˵Ļšƽ󳤹ڹʮ꣬鼫ΪˬֱӵпڽǣҲáִδңֻˣմ˸̫.һƢЩС
ٟRЩֹ˼ǲԸƽ󳤹˵游ĲǡۼҲЩѰٟRͲ˾䣬ĸ˵游ûɼ˼غܲ
ѧʷ飬ʦ˵ֻʥŻҳȰɡ
ƽ󳤹ͣеɫȻУһ֣Ҹ游ϵãҪ͸ߡ׽˵ľͻЩ̱Ҹﲻ˵أ˸ûϵ
ƽ󳤹ԼˣҲˣҪ游ͷ϶Ҳ˵ƽǸˣʲôã컵
˵ĴҶЦ
ɵĿŮһۣϵȻȤ
ȫȤšƽ󳤹ˬʡJ
֣̫Цȥˡ
ɩ˵ǡƽ󳤹ȡ֣̫󣬡ƽǱ߶ԵľϸһûУǲëƤרŸһеĴ̼Ѱģɩ¿ȡá
š
ǰƽ󳤹Ƕ꣬ú
⻰ǡ
Ҳ֡
֣̫ƽ󳤹˵ЩñطĻҲ˵ٟR٫hдԶݡ
æˣ绹æ
Ҳ࣬һʣ˵ƽغöǣǲҪŹ
һʣǹǣûϻӣӣҰ
ʡú䳡
ٟRƽ󳤹Ů֣ڴȥı룬ٟRͷˣȻƽص䡣
Ǳ߶˶˵۶ŮӶţ𣿡
ǰˡڽϵ̶ŮƹֻǲࡣҲѧ䡣֪˳ɣ˳辭ȥԣرãݵģûһաͦʦͨСţλСС书Ҳرá
۶ĸ˵Ĳһ
ĸܶûˣѾˡ
ƽ󳤹ͷĵȻĺǣĸ֣̫˵R澢ɩʱһģһòҲ񡣡
֣̫ЦҲ˳Ӧʱơ¿๦Ѱˣ֮Rһ츳
ƽ󳤹զࡣ
ҲҾͲ˭ˡ֣̫ٱöڵ۶סЩʱգкô
ǵöסЩӡ˾Ʊһһ죬δĹɩ˹ͬ¶һ΢ЦͷⱭơ


38 
ƽ󳤹ڶ,ʶδڹС
˴ɣͷһ۶ȸڹð,ٽɩú˵
,Ҳĸˣѵ֪ΰãƽ󳤹Ůڱ߶Ϸĸ,Ц˵
֣̫ĸ׵,ܵۿ,ܷġ
ƽ󳤹,ɩ,ҾȻˡ
ȥɡǰǰʽģЩûص۶,Щϰ߱˵ģﲻˣֱӷԸ±á
ƽ󳤹֣̫ɵ۸˸,ɵ۵,Ī񡣡
Ŵ֮ʮסֻҶδ飬صȫáƽ󳤹ٴһ,ŶŮظ
ٟRҲʶıֻܻ,һ
ƽ󳤹ص۶ʡ,ͷһļ,ҪһʽΪӭʽ,ƽ󳤹Щ,֣̫˼,ô󳤹Ϣ죬پٰ칬粻١
Ȼ֣ʺٳ֡G
ڵ۶Ҳ࣬Ҳ۫һӣǼڵ۶ļλȻҪ֮еġ
֣ʺòǣҪҪ۫򸾣ǰĸ˵ƺ󳤹ڹʱ۫ƢͶڵ۶Ҳ۫һңҲЩۡǰ̫۫ҽ˵۫ǲˬ
˵죬캮ضģ۫Ҫչ۫ͷǡ״󳤹δһ̫ҽҪ۫Ӳ硣ʵ֧ŲסҲǿ֣̫ü۫򸾣ɼ۫ƲĺɣҲûá
֣ʺĬĬסٟRϿŰС֣ʺˣЦ⹭ˣ
šĸ㿴ӢˬٟRС֣ʺ
֣ʺЩ䵭Ҳֻصĸ֣ȡٟRЩ֣ʺ֣ǵĵͷرˬҿ⹭
ġٟR֣ʺСǵҲˣǻܿˡ
⼸죬֣̫ûüƽ󳤹ڸкúϢ˵ٟRţƽǸĵؽ󳤹ҵıǶϰģҲֵܱĲˣŰѹƺãĹҲճ̡
¶˾ǴǰļȿҺáշԸȥ͵¹
֣ʺ˵ó챳ţЪһЪҲʹá
ȱĸĸ󿴿˵Լͦɣܹȥĸ
Ӵ滹ˡ
ţԭ˾ڹϿҵ֣˾˵ңֻ̹ܿáǶûȤҾǿ̡滨Ժʹˡ
Ҳ¡
ֱֻôĸ㿴һΪġתȦȫλĸĸչʾԼ·
ڵ۶ӵװһ°ڲóĿգٟRҲõģһľǣ׹һȦѩ׵Сëգرɰ
֣̫ʹһأٟR͸ˣֱ緹ûѣ˯ʱûС˯˾ǵȰ˵ȡġ
ٟRɴϷ˻ΣϧҼУҲǳѧȻţˢһ£һͷǣˢһ£һͷǡ
˾ǰŵȷ¡ƽ߸ٟRСӱ˵ԲġȺú˯ε
ٟRһЦſ˾ǣ裬ǲ˵ε
ҿûô˵
˼ٟRƽҲʵɣֻС첲Ժ󣬸˾˵Լ룬ԺҴˣҾ͸ĸ˵һȥĸʲôġʱȥˡƽؿɶˣž
Ҳ̵ĵطûǵģҲûСJ
裬ô֪ȥƽô
ûȥҲ֪ܳ˵ģ˽ˣ϶ɱԣ˺Զġ
šٟRСԴ˳˵ۼҵԳҲ۶ЩԶҲ߰ܵ
̫ˣҪůӣʸʣҪҪȥԡҪǸȥĻҲһȥܿԳʲôģˡ
תۻʹӴ˵Գ˾ǲٸ˵࣬ȻͲ˯ˡ
ٟR˯ʱ޳澫˯ҲһӵģҲڴţ̾СװְСˡ
Сͱһ죬ϼƽ󳤹⣬˽¸ĸĸ˵סôעҴѡټϹĸһ
ȻǸ⣬֣̫ʣĸ᲻ʹˡ
ĸǿеϣʵͷͦáӲô࣬˵ֱӣٟR˵ĸôģעҴʮҪͷĵѡáĸ㱲ߣͷĸǹﱲߵģټϹĸ⣬ĸ˳裬۶Ŀаhĸףһ˷һڣÿ˰ԼԡҴļóһʱעĸⷨô
֣̫ͦãķӣٟRҲһʱһ̱ȫġ⺢Ӷã֣̫ͷҲһݹͣôԼˣ
һ̫СĲ̫ҾŮӿҵϾٟR棬Ҵ˵ŮпոöϰŮߣĸ̵˳Ϊ˵Ҳû˵ҶҲˣĸĵá
秵˵֣̫ǿЦװӣʲôĵãĸ˵˵
Ҳ˷ʥ˴ЩҪƾٵ鱾ǲҪѧģŮҲؿƾ١ٟR˵ҾţŮӶ飬ӦЧ¹ѧϰգ֡䡢顢
ãǹշǵ㣬һ£ԺרעʲôͶˡ
ĺܺá֣̫һ䡣
õĸĿ϶ٟRҲܸˣĸ˵پһ£նӦ鼮Щּ򵥡еȡرѣѶȣгһЩ鵥
͸ȫˡ
ٟR˵ЩתȦȦ֣̫עҴԺ᲻ҲһעҴأ
֣̫ԸעҴԸ⵱ͷˣֻǣ֣̫񣬸֪һһϢעġҴǷܰٴݼŮأ
϶еġٟR֣̫ͯ˸УٟR˵ĸ밡Ժ϶бǸӴ˳ʱšҴʱˣ϶ע͵ġ
ٟRûκγ˼һ峺֣̫̲ס§ڻ£Ӵ
֮аRĺӣR֮أҲ簢Rһģӳڵĺӣ
˿ˣѹסҵСˣ
Դƽ󳤹빬СͳٟRĵһ󱦱
ٟRƵǣڶ٫hع⼸˼СҲٟͬRлֻǼôӦٟRһСϣ٫hĻ˵е㲻˼
ٟRֹʲô˼ÿܱ˱ٟRԼһ죬ƽ󳤹ٴνμӹŰա


39 
ƽ󳤹һص۶,ӵšЩݣȻҪ߶ġƽ󳤹ɷ۶ְҲ߶㶼ȥӦ,ƽ󳤹·̫,ЪһЪġ
Ҳ˼ңϾ,ͶٵĻû̫ﶼ綨֮ô
ƽ󳤹˳õ԰תת,ŮŮǡ
֣̫ٟR,ƽ󳤹Ҳ⺢ӵȷ,ʶ,ǾŹΣ
е˵óĺÿ,۾ЦģһӶûУرá
е˵,رϲ⡣S
к˵,ͦõġ
ŮҾŹͦϸĵģ˵һպ,ҵģǻڵĵط
,ôˣ
ôô,ϰ˾ǹ,ڿ϶ֲڵġ
㲻лú˵ô
˵Ҳõɡ
ô
СЩĻ졣
ƽ󳤹Це,ɼûʶˡ
Ůͷ
ȥˣ,Ů϶ˮ,ֶŮӱĸߣЦӱôûȥ԰ůҿǶǱ߶ſġ
裬Ҷˣڳ档ӱӹḶ́ƳγεĽӰǽ㡣
ϺЦʮģ;žСˡ
ðӱҡ̫˼ǼЩڼƽأ۶̫ԶˡԭӦĸһλۼҳһƽ󳤹УӱҲء
ӱǸ֪£ȵͬʱʣĸǸô
ɱŹСĴǽն飬ѧǲѧģ̫̻ˡڸѧʶ飬е۶һƷˣԲЩĶϸ
ĸҲ˼ߵİҲҲ롣룬ѰõĽӵݸĸҲͦദҾǲ뿪ĸ
Ҳ޷Ҳߡ˵㣬㰢ҲҪ
ӱ㲻ˣֳΪԺֳϮϮλ㡣
ϵĸףڵ۶ôǲǵи£
Գʷ¡û¶ƽʱסҲûظƽ󳤹ʮѡǴ󳤹ʹңҺ۶ססȻ
ƽţӱЩ᲻ĸˣֳһڵ۶ԾѾǸˣﲢû֮СǾ˴ˣҪһҵ
οӱгҲʮףȲĸǴ󳤹ݣ̫ｻãİҲһֵԺգ֡
ϵĸףм£Ҹư˵˵ƺҪޡҴ
ļƽ󳤹ʶ㣬Ҳ˫һУʣҾ˵˵
ϸ뿤ɿҲֻ˵ֻôŶ
Ѩ磬Ȼ¶ϡ档
ϵЩһֱ̫Ҫ£ҿҲϡ档
ϡϡڣɩͷһôҪޡҴˣ
ǲǱ̫Ĺϵ
ƽ󳤹̧һ⻰˵ɵܻɩôɩϥ¾ͱһӣǾԵ˼ġ
ҲΣҲû͸
ٽлһʻɩҪ£ұҪһšƽ󳤹֣ЦȻû׻ǧ겻Ĵϲ¡
ٟRĥüƽ󳤹뵽עҴҵģֻǣôƽ󳤹˵һ¡
ĺӣǾֱ˵¡
Ӷɶ˵ɶ
ٟRһ⺢ڲͬѰƽʱҲûҲƯ
ĥţʲôʱƽ󳤹ô˵ܽмƽ󳤹߸˵Ľܡ
⻹жģȫȻ֪󳤹Ҳͦһ
˴˼Ͳͱ㴰ֽˡ
ڼ
ٟRĥţùʱ򣬸ƽ󳤹׽Ūӡ
Թһתһж֣ʺεʱĸһһһһ
ٟRǹƽʱܳ谮簴ݱȻûȣֻŵ˳᳤֮¡
֣ʺĸ󣬰ӱҪһôðӱĸһýҲȡJ
֣ʺϺȲ裬ȴǲѣֻΪʲôôţ
ٟRĸ֣ʺĴ˵ˣעҴ¶ԽԽãעͳ͸ȫˡƽĸôĳμӿϧ
ֱӸ󳤹˵һ󳤹϶Ըġ
ĸ½Ұ죬ȸĸ׽Щ¡ȻͻȻ˵עҴĸþûͷûԵġ
֣ʺ˵ƽ󳤹ȵ۷϶Ҵ𡣾ݴԵ»ʺȵ۵ǻ󣬼ƽ󳤹һֱߥȵ۷Ҵȵ۲Ը϶
á¶㡣֣ʺּٟRƽ󳤹׽һЦӦʡ
лĸ󡣡ٟR˵֣ͬʺл
֣ʺٟR㶼ѰЩ˰¶
ٟRг֣ʺ֪֣̫֣ʺٟRˣټڵ۶Ϊʵ֣ϡ
ǱҲ֪һźá
Ѿˡ
ٟR˸ӡ
ԣⳡ磬ٟRî˾ƽ󳤹ӡ󡣼ƽ󳤹ԭҲоͽ۲ٟR˼˾ͬӵľʶһ㣬ĵǽһȻ졣J
ٟRɴŮӰᵽƽ󳤹ͬ
ٟ۫RԳֺƽ󳤹ƣ˵ǸƽͶԵļһһˡ
ٟRԼʢСͬƽ󳤹Цеĸ۫˵ǰǰһ;׽Ҳ֪ô¶ϱӱʶ
ƽ󳤹۫Ըӷᣬ˵ٟRʵϺӣôû۫ǳԴء
ԴףٟRԺĿο۫ĸĸЩŻǶŹĸеģԴװ
̸˾˵裬ĸʢһֶ۫һЦȵʲôˡ
۫Ѿˣ뷴ƽ󳤹Ļκβ۷Ӧ˵ûٟR죬۫˵ûе¡
ٟRѾ˵ˣ˾һ۫ϣûе£ҲżƽģôԼƽĴף
û¶û¶˵ûоûУٟRǳƽ⣬Ҳ֪ҪӣԣҲ۫һаȰ۫𼱣˵
Ϊ˲ٶ۫ڱ졣
ƽ󳤹ңһ۫ѪҲٱ˴ˡ
ٟRһСƣԴ˵ѽ~


40 
,۫Խ
ٟRŪ˸п˵׹Ůư⣬Ƕϱ֣ȻһŽë,ҲЩЦ
Ȼ,Ҳ˻ٟRǲǹ۫ѿġ
ɿٟRǰͷڰ׷۾,ż꣬Са
ӿɲô,ɶ˵ɶġ
µĹʱ,ܾ۫ٸٟR˵,϶ٟRǹģѾͷС֣̫󳤴,ѧһ֣̫Ļ۶
ſ֣̫˫΢е϶ﲻ֪εģ
,ҷ׷׸Ƕȥƽ󳤹ųﳤŮסٹ
򷢵ʳǱ߶ȥŮӱһٹ
ʱ,ƽ󳤹ҲϢ,ɩ˵ƽ󳤹ᵽޡҴ£ɩ,¿ģ
Ȼġ
ôͻȻ뵽ޡҴˣϵ˶ʵֱӡ
뵽ģRġ,ຬ,Ǳ,±ע
ƽ󳤹Բ۾,,ҵ,Rż꣬뵽ޡҴСܶȴˣ
ɱСӡֻСʱ˵Ļȴ˶ߡ
ƽ󳤹սЩ¶ûʼɣɵһݶûɩӦ֣Σ
ңҽRˡ
Ĵ¡ƽ󳤹ٟRСϾڻֻҪ˼ҵŮӣֱźǳ
ƽ󳤹ʶԶ֪עŮӵӰ죬Ը⿴ע¡
û¶쿴첻ãô
ɩٰû֮£ȻðR죬϶ĵ
֣̫ЦЦ
ٟRŽӱӱʰӣӱ㣬ڼƽصʲôģ
Ƕ䣬˯ӱĿ̴ľϣҲ˼Ҷ˯ģǱ̫ˣ翻ʵá
û¶ҲСٟRָָٴСҲһƽʱСϿԵġ
۶ůͣҴ˯
ٟRֱ֣ѽӱҪõ鱾ѧϰþ߶׼ˣһݿγ̱ӱһγ̰ŵҲͦܣڣһڡһϢ죬壬עС硣
ӱ֣ÿ³һʮ嶼Ҫô
ҵС磬һʮ밲ӣҲдҵѡ׼һŮӷƭѾռ˰ݰʼбдˡðӱˣƽйմŮӵô
УŮӣ˺ӣġӱǷģڼƽأץǿͷм֪鲻ģҲһ
Ǳ߶˷ӣôմ˿ڵģٟRʡ
մӱ֣մֱ˾ߡ
ٟRյϣ˾ߣûô
ӱ͸ƽشĮԭعϡЩԦ׳·϶Уŷ඼ܱߣһˡ۸Ůӡ
ֲüƽ䡣
ǰǱ߱ǸŮӶǿΪҲ׵֣ǴӶΪ˷˵ġҳŶǽ飬ŷǹˣһ˭˭
ٟR˵ɼá书Ҫ
ȻˡҪ˵¶ǿȭͷġӱڼƽس游ǼƽϴĸǴ󳤹Ҳǵ۶Ը񣬺ܸ˵ƩСµһС죬֪ʲôС첻
֪Ǿʮ˵С١
ԡиС죬ԭȢ˸ϱϱܲáϱ͸浽ˣ˺롣ͱ˴˲ˡӱȻСĸ׾ýŸС˵һ£ſǡ
׵ȥ
Ǳ˰
ǰȢϱһĺȭţ򲻹ʲôãϱ̧־һᣬʵʵģƨҷš
ٟRĹЦ
ӱҲЦˣٟܽR㿴ǰϱ˵ôΪ򲻹еģӹĲáͷϱһǰͷĺôɾֺãԿӱܹȥ
ٟRΪͬһĥټһ书Ρ
ѧ书ûġӱٟRͬԼĿҲܸˣٟRСȴǸмʶڿŵˡӱٟR˵ϰ䲻Ϊ۸ˣҪΪ˷Ҳǿ塣ڼƽأǻġ
ӱĵΪٟRעһȵոϢ


41 
ڶһ,֣ʺŸٹ밲ʱ֣̫ýӱ˸ϾԺӱҪڹﳤٹǷ֮,󹬸һǽ,Ҳλ棬,ȴ
밲֣ʺع,ɻع١
,ǵĻЩ,Ҳûĸֳרɵƺûʲôرƫ,ƫϡ
ٟRԴӱȥλй񣬾ʽʶˡ
ӱ,ٟRɵĹϵҲ
תһ룬ٟRǹĸǳ,Сٹ,ǹʻʳӣݼʵٟRҲСܶࡣ
˭ԹأɵӶôɡ
û̳Ȩ
Ȼ,ӱ͸ٟRһˡ
ׯϻȻǼƽصĹɱȣýӱĻǵ۶￡,ǵһ ε,ĺ
ӱǶ࿴,ĵ,λǿ㡣
鿴һλѧ,Ҳ,ʽӱڼûѧʷӱ˵Ҵѧһ飬ֻٸϰˡ
㲻ĽӱϽˡ
ٟR٫h˵һ书ʱ٫hЩòģ٫hɵ˵𣿲˵ŮӶ˹˹ô˵󣬶˵Ƿ˳ŮӳǹŪ۶ټġ
֣ǵ˵ѧ书ʲôģۣˡҼǵСʱҸһˣӣˣԼˣЩס
չҲԡҼǵһӣһӷڽǣӴˡϼأӼҪӻ书书¾û¶ˡ
٫hСȻҲдŮӷƭÿμసӣе㺦¡С˵ǻ书Ҳܴ˰ɡɷ򣬿һ֮
Ҫ书˴ˣ벻ЩձƭŮӵİӣΪʲôƭĶŮӺͯ彿СĶƿءչοТȻʺоȼ֮£ʷġ
ТȻʺ֮ĸ̫.ĵڶλʺҲǵ֣̫Ĺ衣
չﲻ׸֮Ů֮޿ޣ֣ӵԼĹ۵㣬͵ĸ˵ТȻʺʱ˫ȫһֱ̫.ʵߣ۴תս¡ɡ
ӱչһӶЦҲĸ˵ТȻʺ书ǳã˵һ̫.΢ɽһͤЪţǰ̿ҡЩ̿ͷǳ׺ݣһһĺ֣̫.΢ޣ̿ɱǰТȻʺˣΪ̫.ˡ
ݵС٫hҲٟR˵
ǰ书õʱ򲻻ܶ࣬һãΣ֮ʱʱᣬ͵ᣬɥ
ˣϰ֮ͨ˹飬ٟRȥ֣̫ͬġ
֣̫һٟR˳Եʺ󣬱ˡֻʦѡһ۶Ůϰ䣬˳᳤Ҳֻ䣬С书ͬ˳᳤ѧġ
֣̫йһ飬¼˾ӡʵҿŮϰĹ
ʲôʲô²ֵ֣̫һʣ¼˾ݻҲ̻شУرõĹ¾һ
¼˾ӡҲ˵ϰŮˣʦǶɽޡ
ѧϰһЩ书˹
¼˾ӡӦǣȥѡᡣ
¶ɮ¼˾ĺ֪ĽĲᣬͺȥ֣̫˵ҲʺŮϰ书ġ
ٟܶR˵Լʱʱɻ˵Сʱ򣬷еģС
ٟRϰ£ɵҲûзԡ
ڵ۶Ժ˼ģ̫ޡҴһ£ĵ۫ʱɵҲ˿϶𸴣֪ģ̫󽻸Rˡ
۫ķԣôɣ˵Ҫ£ܽ䡣
輱ŷԣԭͰRἰģҲû
۫ʱ˵ǵСĴ½һӣǶϷɵ۵Ȼ޲ɫ۫뵽Ȱ룬ֹסڵĻ΢΢Ҳϳңб¿ţȻްġ
İɡңҪ񡣡
¾ҪףҵӸշȥҲϱ밲
ɼ۫ϢˣעҴû֣۫۫ķ
ּ֣̫֣̫ܲΪף֣ʺ󡢼ƽ󳤹˳᳤ڵ۶λУٟRССͣҲ֮ϣΪ֮һΨû۫
ֱ۫ɷ
ʱͰڼҾСҴ֣ϽйԵɣ֣Щ£Ҳ֪̫˵Һиĺ塣
ǵģϱ֣ϣҲû
۫ŭôע͡ҴҾͲˣ
֣ϲ˵ˡ
۫νûúö޲ŵ֣Ϸ¾ôѻ֣Լܣƫʮ۫Ҳ̫۸֣ϣһǹ￴ңҲȥ
֣ϵ͵ݸ٣̫ˡ
۫ԭͷϣ֣ϴô۫ʱ͸²ˡ֣һȥдˡ
۫ڼҺһ
ڶ죬֣̫һ֣ϵĲӣֵ򷢸̫ҽȥ۫һȻϲˬҲͲͷ֣Ϸ˽
û֣ⲡȬ۫ͱ֣Ϸ˶ˡ
٫hǸʵ飬˵ĸײˣ֣̫٣ؼ̼֣̫̫ҽˣֻ˵ĸЩƣ룬޴󰭡
٫hɫȲĸʵڲأôȴעҴ֮£٫hҲ֪һҪ£Ҳһٹ¡
ְ֣̫֣ϵĲ٫h٫hͷĸ׵Ĳдأ֧Ҫ̫أ顶Ҵע֮¡ѡܣעҴ
٫hһ֮ʮֽ϶ǲĳˡ
ٟRչȥ쳤һָۣ٫hһ£٫hĲʹɫhh㣬ϲ˵飬㿴ⲡϵּ֣һġ
٫h̾㶣æͷؿһ顣ּ
ĸղ˵̫ҽôٟRѾ³֣Ͽ϶ûο٫hġûʲô¡
ôдϲҴˣԴ̫͹ʹؼңİͷšҴ֪Լ󣬻ϹʷһرģʼǶˡ
٫h棬˵Ļһʵϵ滰
ٟR˵¶üһȾ֪ˡ
ȣ٫hס
ٟRͷ
٫h䲻ףȴʮŷٟRǻۣ֪ĸްûκԥĽٟRĽ顣


42 
٫hĸ֣ϵĸǼõ,ӳƺͿԿ˼ϰ߳ƺĸΪүֻ̫̫򡰸סĸס,٫h֣ϵĳƺ,
һصۡ
٫hŷٟRжϣ̫ҽҲ,ȷް٫hʼһ˼,Ȼúõ,ΪʲôҪƲأ
Ǵѵġ
,עҴҲù
϶ʲô,Ųòѵġ
ǣոշµ,
֪ǲڼ¡
٫hŬ֣̫ǰֳʰRR˺ܴ,ܰһ롣
ٟR٫h,ʲôôģɵ۾ʹˡ
˵𻰣ٟRû٫h
٫hԼɫ糣ˣ,һ磬ֻҪϹܿʱ,໹,h,ǲǲ,Ϊѵ£
ûûС٫h˵,û,һ¶ûС
ɵ۵Ҫֻ˵
٫hɴ۾Ҳˣ
תһ룬ӶܿµȻܿ
Ҷ
٫hһô¶šһ飬̫ʺ֣游ҹϵǺܽģŸ²ˡ
٫hͰѵ˵˳˵ѵģҵڼ¡
ǰڹʱ򣬱һ˵Ѿ졣֣ϸ˳᳤ɵҲʶ
֣ϵô˳Ŵϣɵ֪ġ
ɵ۵ֻܷġ룬Լĸײµġ
٫hһ룬⻰Ҳڼңĸ˵٫hˣû׼ĸĸѵģǰؼңĸʹעҴ¡
Ȼ˵ǣhţĸЩС۶ġĸڹRҲù￴ء
٫hɵһЦл¿οûˡ
ɵҲ٫hɰɣ˵ͺˡ
۫
۫Թ֣ϣοѺö˶˵Ĳʹˡִ̫ʣǿ㡣
֣ʵͽ˵ĸ˵ﲻμעҴ£ҲҲȥĸ׵ķԸôܲأ
۫ӵĸͣҲЩӡ
֣ǴĿӣӣҷҲֱˣĸͣѵͣķԸͲΪӣôس
Ҳ˼˵񲻹̫һ⡣
ûϵעҴҪТ˳ĸҲҪˣעҴ˺ܶ࣬ûң̫ٵһλ²ż汸Ҳס֣ϰο۫ӣϾעҴ£ֲֻġڳ֪£̫һңвĽҡ¶ҶŸɵġ
۫ûο۫ӸˣҲ֪ʹ棬ȥⲻɵô
֣ϵǿͷضС
֣ϵֻҪĸ׷ԸٺõĲʹҴǣҲû
۫ûҭ
˵ĸ׿Т˳ˣ
ʱ۫Ҳ۫һͨԹ֣̫̫ҽ֣£ؼҶ֪֣ϲˡ
۫һܿϱһϸʣ֪֨֨ϱװΪ˴ȥעҴĲʹװĲ
֣һʵ˳۫һԵʣ۫Ҳգ֣ϼֱǸɵӣһͰʹˡ
ֱѰ۶ҲѰĴɵӣ
۫յĸ۫ԹһͨصڣҾôһ˵ƽʱҲûôҲ֪أĲˣתͷ˲ӡⲻʹҲûˡ
ֹʱʹ֣̫֣ͣϰҴ¾Ͳͷˡ
۫۫޶꣬һ˵Ƶ壬ɸе治ܶȻ۫ιδעҴ֮жǨŭ֣ء
񵹺ã֣ϰѲʹһǡ
أ۫ûˡ
۫һôˡ
֣˳ûʲôӣˣôȥĺòʹ۫Թޣһףٹ䵭䲻мٹɶϱǲˣϻ̳Ͽֵķ㣬Լֻһ仰ܲ棿
۫Ǿʹǣôš
۫˵񻰣ԭû㣬ۼҹŮϱУ˼˭˵һڵġ㲻ڣ˼Ҳֻ˵ϧꡣô룿
۫Ŀۣǻڵ˲ãܲ˵䣡
۫յ²裬Ҳ˵Σ´ҪЩϱù￴أѵǺ£
ԼÿأôͲ֪Щ棿
ھ棡һԣ棡۫ɫϱ̫󡢻ʺˣ£ʶıܡôˣ
۫ڲ˵Ųյһڡ
Щ˾ôãĲУȴʲô¶롣̫áʺãʵȨԹһ䣬˶֪ôʵ˳ɵˡ
Ķϱ̱۫ȥһ
۫ӻ֣עҴ¿ɷػᡣ
֣ܾҿΪĸƴǲʹȴΪûزʹѡ
۫ӹ磬ĸǺڣ뻹ӦԲʹΪأⲻҲΪĸ׿ģТ˳ĸô
̧֣ۿĸҪѵСˣˡҲܴҲĸҵĹʧԵãǶȥ
۫һ飬æĻҲһ˵Ƿ޶꣬⻰̫ûˡ
ոڼٴĸ׵Ļ𣿡
Цǿĸл⡣
ԺҪЦĸ׺ڣӦȥĸףԺ˵ءҲֱܷʲôĻĸ׻ڣʲôĻڡ֣˵ȥɣҽ鲻ãˡ
۫ǳ鴤ʣ㡣


43 
۫,ư˻ؿڷ磬֪޻Ҳֻȥġ
۫ǻڵ˲,ƫԼĴ,Թ֣ϣƽʱ˵,ûһһ䣬תˡһ֪,ǹѿ
ưɲ,ֱ˵,,۸ʵˡ
۸ʵˣ
˭ưҴɩ,ʶ˭˵ĸ֪ɡҴɩĳ̱Ϳ̱ҾǲҼƽϣ밲,̫ʺ²̨,ɾйˣ
۫˵ʲôӽ˵̵֣ˣ˵ġ
۫Щͷ,Ůȥ֣̰,൱,˵һ˵Ҳ,Ͳˡ
ư,֪Լ˰ɡ͸øȢ֣ڳ,ĸҲͰٲȫˡ
ȥȥȥ۫ˡ
֣ԭû,̴֣СĴŲӵҩĹͺܲ˼֣֣̿ɫ󣬲۸ģҲû˵Ļ
ֻǵҽҲͬh˵һǺӵǡ
֣æ˵ٷɩˡ
֣̾Ҳ֪ôģҪʹʹѵã
֣ư㾪ֱ֣˳ɩô֪
֣Σʲô֪ġ˵ɩЩ꣬ǴСʶʲôƢǶưһۣư˵ֱ
ưҲ̾Ҳġͣǽ˵ʵҲڡ
ư̾˿
ʵǱ˴̫ˣ˳һһͬڵ۶ǳȻСϵá̫Ľǣʱţ׻˵Ŷ١
µʲôԵɣǲ֣Լ˵֣̿һ۾ס
ڶ죬٫h˾Ŷ֣ĸͣ˾ͺͿû¶˵һ飬䣬ڼ￴顣
ҪǿˣЪһЪ٫h˵
֣ĺ󲱾ǰҿǰܽʵںãһˮıϲˡ
٫hԣ˵˵ǻŪġ
٫hŮ򷢳ȥʾ裬ĸûΪɣ
ûСģģܽԿ֣ϧһƬТģҲ֪⺢˼ף٫hĸͣЩͿˣ㲻üƽڹֻרĶ顣
٫hͷ
ɵĺӡ
¶ȥٟRټСݶůϿᣬĴѾռһٶʮŮӺͯİӣǲ٣ţǸÿʼдˡ
Щ죬ÿٟRⶼռŮӱհӡȻЩӣռӵĹУٟRͷ֣ĲŮӣຢͯԣһˡ
ӾڶгߣҪʼд飬ҶЩ˷ܡ٫hСһϣǰķıѩֽ㣬¼Ե˵ԺѧʿѧʣҪкѧʿд
֣˵Ժ˶еѲŰѧУǲ֪ԸԸ⣿
չҪǸʦ
ӱڵ۶Ա죬ٟR˵ԺһϹӣҲŲԸǡˣѧʿʦ⣡
˵ˣԼ飬ҪдռӶ಻װæĸ²ã
ٟR⻰һѴһˣӱɴ۾ʹٟR˲䣬˵Լд飿
٫hҲˢˢٟRšJ
ٟRҲֵĿǣǰռģǶÿӶۣﲻд
ҶٟRˡ֣˵дĶǺһѵɵ¶
չҲ֤Ǻѧʿ̫ᣬдҲǻЦġʷϲʫţҲֻʫģ
٫hֱӸٟR⻰ĲдˣӱȻ󣬺һԼĲѧʵϵıʾҾţҶе̣ģҲдɡ
ûдô֪дɣٟRǾϰдøֵϹӵģʣӱ㣬飿
ӱʱ򣬸Ҹѧ֣ʽ꣬ꡣ
٫h˵Ҳࡣ
֣չˣΪͶ£Զʱ¡УչǶıȽϺõġ
ٟRһ㣬ÿ꣬ʮꡣʮдô
İɣҶˣ
ϻ˵ĺãţ»
ţΪɶ»ҪΪûʶ
гʶĶٟRдĴƻˡûʶƫһ͵ôɵ
ٟR˵ÿ˰Ͳͬһ˷һ̯д˵ģдһ𿴣޸ġ
Щû⡣
ӱԱӴֱӣ˵㲻ǻдֶôôд
ֻǲдֲǲ֡ҿ˵¼ٟRЩ˵ĥ˵ǣû־ɶ鲻ǱԼ𣿡
ÿӶ۹ηƭҲ۹۵дȥС
ģôġ
ӱ˵㶼д飬Ҳд
֣Ҳ˺󣬡ǣѵġұݣ궼ٟRݸߣҹһ˵Ҳнˡ
չ￴٫h٫hûɶʾչȱ̬Ҳԡ
٫hҶҪд飬Щû⣬ȻЩûаRҲ֪ܲдĺá
ٟRȲοҲȰ°취в󷨣hҪԸ⣬Ҿѡˡ
٫hһûü룬˵˭˵ҲԸ⣬Ը⣡
٫hϲѡĻ˵ٟRϵֱ㻹ġ
ãȻҶͬ⣬ǽͰѰڷˣٟRȴЩڳ˽ӱⶼһͱ˲ͬǩӡְڵĹ̷ǳƽһֳݶȻץΣץķķݡ
Դӷ䵽дΣæģ嶼ôŹؼҡһԵʣǼɬֲ˼Ȼһֲ˵ҲֲϵСͷʲôдġ
⻰չ඼һͷ״Ԫ׸Ҳûġ


44 
д飿
ΪԼˡ
ͼڳŮߵСŮ˵,д顣ǹýдģֹŮӶͯƭ顣
ǰЩһֱҰҰ,Ϊд飿ǰȡŮд,СŮһߴͣ,ֻҽһдаh㡢֣ҽ㡢󳤹Ů,ҲһдҽǷ˵,һдһ,ϳһ顣
նС,ΪеҲΪԼһ,Ҳ﹫ҹӡ
չ곤꣬еľ㵣׿д,չ,㿴дô
ԹŮȽί,ͣǲġ˵,ء
չе,ƸԸ׵ۡ˵,ԭǶԥ,ϾǸ,ɹ˵,дǰԼ֪ĵддסҾţҪд׻ġ
ҲܾܾҶӦˡ
˵š
ǡû̴Ӧ˵û־չȡԼ£ҰڹдһڸСÿˣС˵ܿס
ಢûֹŮҪ£ǵǾͼдҲʥ飬ʵʵڵͨܺߵľóĽѵˣҲǺʵõġ
չЦˣ˵Ҳô롣Ҳдǧŵ飬дʵõģһ׵ġҪ˿ˣܷЩҲͲдһˡ
ɺøԶ̤ʵƽʵҪ
չܵĹ֣ӱһѳȵģ֣Ůᵽ֣Ҫд¶ҲЦȤر֧֣ÿ˶һﺬЦ͹ģ֣;źܼ١
չҪҪд֣Ĳᡣ
֣ʵҲæɶǼ͹һ˭ʲôҶġ˶Լдʹдҿɶˣ
֣̺˵дġ
ܡ˵ˣֶңܱͣȵϺ֣
ǡҪúֿ֣Ӧǵô̵֣ͣЩӣԺǵ˵ȥҲ档
֣˵Сһ۾ܿ
عú˵˵С»ûѧã˵˼ʹʣҲдġ֣Խǳ
֣˽ٟR˵İɡҪԼдġͷֽīĸңҵøϽдҿɲǼ
ӱûг⣬һѵܵ˵Ҫд飬ЩЦƶƤ
ӱڼǳĲ飬Ҳдһ㣬룬ȻҪд飬ѹˡ
ӱӻһȺܡ
ؼֱܵķ٫h֣˵ŮҪд飬ǳˣԵ裬ŮһһյĸŮɽ軨ϵ̴ľů˵ҵʼעҴҲǰhͣĸŮ鱾Ե
ĸˣ٫hŲյ˵Լ£һдġ
õİһʫһһ£ижԼĸдȥˡ֣ϰԼľһĶŮעҴʱġǿˣ˵á
֣Ůļ磬ģ˵ģ׼û
֪ŮҪд飬֣ϺܸˣŮ˻ƾƣĸŮžС˶ѣʮֿ
ĸ׵ĹңĸҲʮע͡Ҵ٫hţԼ۴òԸ񣬶ĸס
˵ĸעǻۣҲԼġ
ǣ˼룬٫h߷ţʼԼд̡
ٟRҲûţѾԼƪһƪĸԼģһƪԼģһƪǸԼġ
һǫѷд£вС
ٟR˵̫ǫ飬ҪǧŵģȺһȵľһӵ
ҪˣдҶ˼˼
õİͷвʫǰRģ̸
ٟRƽ֪ǫΪСȭͷ˵
ĴҶЦ


45 
,ӱعϼСһٟRǻؼûܵЦ
֣ӱһ˵еɫ,ٟR,ӱ˵ˣҵ֧,Ҳ֧ңȺ,ɸй˻,ҰǴһ,Ͷʵˡ
֣û,ʹʵ˵Щ,ڻûɹǿСǲΡ
٫hЩ,ôӱ֣Ķడ٫hʵʵ˵,Һܵдã˵ֻҪԼ뷨һһʮдȥˡһעҴʱôģʱ,͸ǲꡣ
֣֣׹ֶ˵,Ǿ,ĸ˵,ע͡Ҵ,۶ǡ
չ,ӷ˵ĻҵҲ˵,ֻҪ̤ʵƽʵдһ˺顣
ٟRø͹ȻƵĴ۽ۣˢˢ°ԼԼƪĺϢߴҡһָֽţ֣ҵշ죬˵ǿɵʹúд
ӴǰûúдٟR۰Ц֣
֣һôǰʮڵʮ֣Լļ򣬡ôһֵӸصĸоء
϶ӱ⣬¡̫д°дǵдãλ϶ǵһģҪдãɾͶˡ
ӱ⻰ֱ˵ĿٟRɶˣôûס
ٟRһŰӣһſһ߶ĸʡ֡ࡢ裬һ߶ǰӱҵƤССáаҹ߰ĵĳһԱȻɶ
֧ǵĶʲôˣǵĶʲôˣ
ⲻŵģ
ٟRһţҲԼܰ¶áΪ⡣
ٟRΪűvÿŬд⣬ͬҪд顣ӵһܺõ£ҲΪȫ˶Ϊ
Ϊƽ󳤹ص۶Եʣټڽиٟ֡RǸĺӣദĺܲ
ɢˣȥһ͡
Ǵģ͵ƽٟRվڵӰưŮ˵˵ȻҪд飬
޷̫ͱһ幫˰ˡ
ôǰһռڵʱ򣬹Ҳ鼯дĻ˵ҿ˵ĺƶҪд
ϼѧ黹ûдˣùˡ
ưЯǳԶȥ
ٟRЦ˫ѾҲû̾˵ʲôǶȥʱҲˡĸ˵һٟRϢ
ݽŵʱٟRĹĵͬ˾ǵưûʶ
˾СѾ£ٟRЦҽģֺҲ꣬ӴҽűҲ
⡣
˽ֹһưٟRδ̫ϡ𽥷֣ư뷨Ȼ
ٟRЩˣȥ֣̫˵¶桢д飬Ϊʲôö˶ţĸ͸ںҸˣһ㣿
֣̫һӲٟRкǰСӣҿӹĹĵģǲһ
ٟRӣɲôˡ
챾ʹĶ࣬С·̣ٟRϲëëװѶ׺ܶëסƫ֣̫ĺܺãԵԲԲġ
֣̫˵ƩһõĹԱԼĳɾͣҲ˵ųиõôƩһƶĹԱ˳ɼ˵һУٲܽͷƩ磬ȢһŸԣ踾ԺЩҲԣջˮģԻڡ
ٟRˣЩֻ֪ǻ๥˵ǸңǸ鳼Щǰĸʱġ
֣̫ˣĴƫġҪ£ͰרעϡЩԣֻҪް£ɲ
㲻ˣͳԼ̹ˣͺˡ
ҿЩ˱άﲻΪȻҾơЩ˿αҲûԵɵľ͸ѿٟRԼǳ
ԣѧЩ޹ؽҪӰ㡣
Ҫôѧ
֣̫Լİ취ֻҪ¡ҰҪˣԽԽˡ
ٟRСüë˼һ֣ص˵ڻûԼİ취ĸȽķһ𡣡ΪҪĸķӣٟRĸ
ǣ֣̫֣ͬصĴӦСʱá


46 
Ȼĸİ취,ٟRʹȰĸİ취ЩûʶļһǡӶҲףư,,ôܵء
ΪٟRڲưûϲŭɫ,ǾͶư䵭ʱ͵͵ưۡ
ưֵͷ,Ҳ֪ĶٟR
ư˽ʹŮ,ȥμٟR,ٟRŮ̬Σ
Ȼ,ܺð˵д,ǵҲӡͷ˵Ҳռڣ࣬Ҫлر
дˡưСɶ档˼żȻٟRôд¶,ֿ˼,ٟRĿŤ˽¶˾˵ҿ֪ʲôαˣ
,ССٟRУưͳΪϵһαˡ
ٟRÿî˾Ķѧϰдϰ,ͨϰ,ҲʼԼС,ӱ˵ʵ
ʮĺӸĺ,Ͳһ
٫h칭,ҲٟRԶ
ٟRС,еʤģĲҲһܲģŬ˺þɸϽӱˣȥĸĸûзӣҳĸhһߣһ󣿡
֣̫ЦҲģһûųôġ
̳ô󣡡
⼱Ҳûķӡ
ٟRԲһ˫è۶һ飬ûķô
ţġ
ʧٟ̾Rĸ˵ĺԶңֻô롣˵ţС첲Ȼһ¡
֣̫ЦʲôϵͣҲֻôԶ㳤ˣһԶˡ
ǰhǲҲô
Сh꣬ڰһͷ㿴ҳ󳤹꣬СʱҲұߣٿڣӲ߰ɡҴһ㡣
ٟRķնƬ̣뵽ԺܲȰhǲٟRҲͲˡ
ͯʱиֵֹ⣬֣̫󶼻ĵĻش𣬸ٟRסƽ󳤹ϲٟRԸŮٟR˺üƽطȹٟRôԶʳ
ѣ٫hҲС
󳤹
ٵڣȹ࣬䣬۶˼ѩ֣̫ԭţʮŮǵĿαͣˡýӱ˻ؼҹڣ꣬Ԫں빬顣
ٟRеĸ˵ʵ¶ʮŷӡĸ¶ʮС꣬¶ʮżپˡ¶ʮһʮЪ죬ʮҾܰæˡ
֣̫˵ͷͷǵ˵ҲСĵط䲻䣬̿ɹ
ġŪĿůˡٟRĸ˵ĸǽεʱǵĸλʦһЩʹ͡
λʦʹ͹ͳһţҪԼͶʰ࣬ʹͱһͣҲֳ
ٟRͷ
ӻŮʦҲкôģ棬ǵܶһףǶı̿ҲһݡٟRĵѧʹ͡
ٟRȻûţŹķԼЩ͵ĶǺʵõķıԼϡ
ٟR书λãԸӣӲŽٟRϸĵĻ˾ϸ޲Խʹ͡
Ҷæµ׼꣬ɵุӱһ׮£ĽڣҪµײܷųġ
ɵ۶ϵһǻ飬ʱ䣬ֲû˿ˡ
Ҳ˼ĸס
ϳһԲŹꡣ
ٟRÿСݣйҪҪд̫æҲû˼ϡƽ󳤹ҲҪǰصһꡣ
ٟRżƽ󳤹˵ĸȹҾȥٻǻסһ
ƽ󳤹ЦðRȥӣԼͻˡ
ǲСҿ϶Ҫȥӳ޹̵ģϻ˵ɡٟRڽ֪ĶҲһ棬ǵļƽ󳤹һ֡
ƽ󳤹Ȼعӱȵżٻء
ӱڼѧϰˣڹî˾ܲӡչõԲᣬ֣٫hһ㣬Ҳܿ졣ٟRСѧ죬Ŀһģܼ̾ֱ˳ĹǺ
ӱûüԣҲƫѧѧĿƼֱҪϳд飬õư͵ĸϰԤϰⱻ¡
ԣһڿζҵ顣
ٟR˼٣ŸܲĸĸǰųꡣȻĸһֺ꣬Ҳ̫ˡ
ٟR㣬Ҳˡ
ǰҿĸѾ֪ˡ
ٟR˵ǰĸųܸһôϻ游Тô
ĸڹ游ǣĶڹΪ游Т˵ңٟͬRţǲǸĸЩ񡣡
Ҫĸǰͱ¶ٟR¶̫ԣ˵游Ƿ¶ηޡһûʹ͡
⿪ŶҲһ𿪣ܰһͲٟR˵ҿĸþ͸ˣɻˣʵϡ
˭ûʱԭĸһذɡĸ˵û
˵ʵˣôĸʵأ
ٟR飬ԭôĸᡣٟR˵ĸֲˣֱ˵ˡ
ֱȥĸҲ֪ĸǲķʡˣĸдӣĸҪǿĸϣٷĸ
˵ĸȥĸ밲ʱĸ˵һʱϣЩһֱڷʡҲܺڵΪ
֣̫Ҳաдӡ
ĸӦʣϲллĸĸ͸ĸһ
ٟR磬𼱡ĸӣȥĸ밲١
侲һЩЩ˼Ŀĸǡ
֣̫ٟRһۣٟRȻ뵽¶ôãĸɵġ
ɶ
ٟRգʵҲ
ѽôĸ˵ءȫûбĸ˼ĸˣ


47 
ٟRԼô¶,æȥĸ̸֣̫һĪٟRϽյˣѽĸȻѽ~
ֳ,ٟRҲû취ĸһ¡׵ù,ʴ綼ˣٟR˵ɶ,ĸ˵ҲطϢɡ
ٟR¶û˵ġ
Ǹ溢,֪Ҫѡõʱ,Ƚ°빦ĸ󿪻,Ϊĸˡ
ٟR˵,hһߣԺһ,Ҹĸ˯
ˣ˵Ҫѧһ˯ġ
УҾҪĸ˯ٟRܵ˵,ĸ,һһݽѾҸĸ򣬺òã
֣̫,п,󰡡
ûûҾТ˳ĸ
֣̫Ҳ,ٟRͿ,һ˲ĸ,ĸ㳢,ˡ
֣̫һ,ٟRʣĸ㲻㣿
аɡ
һøСȥ򻨣˵ڼ򻨣Ӹãĸ鲻۾һʱִչȥĸˣϷ۾Ҹɡ
һݹѾٟRãĸĸһһʣĸزأɴˡ
С
ĸ۾̹ӣٟRѴô¸ĸ˵һ˵֣̫ȴһٟRС֣ˣ˯ɡ
ٟRһӻû˵ͽбȥˣһʱûӦ㶵ģ˯
ţˡ֣̫ƱӾޡ
ٟRץӸΣɶĸ¶û˵ģ
֣̫һ飬ϱӣ˯ɡ
ֵҹϨֻ⡣
˵¶û˵ɣĸҪ˯ˣٟRģĸ˵
˵ʮ־ˣ˭Ҫ߶߶û꣬ɲð
ٟR̾ͱˣ֣̫Ҳ˯R˯ţԽԽԣĸ˵⻰ô֪߶߶¶Ƶġ
ĸǲѾµҪ˵ɶˣ
ٟRĥţͲʵ˯ˣСĸߣỽĸ˯𣿡
Ϣ絽߶ĺܡ֣̫󲻴ٟR΢⣬͵͵ĸӵůڶֹĸ˯϶ûô˯ţ϶װġ
֣̫ίʵܲסЦŰ§˯Ҳ㳳ˡ
Ҿ֪û˯ţĶһ۾˯ŵģٟR˵
֣̫ԼٟRһһģҪĸﹰ֣̫ס棬ٟR꣬ס棬мڡֽûһСӲ㻳һ֣̫Ķ˵
ٟRЦſĸĸǲ³Ҫ˵¶ҵģ
ҿɲ²ʲô¶
϶³ˡӵֱٟR˵˵ĸ¡
ٟRĹϵǢʵҲб˴ͬԵʡϲոʮ䣬ٟRһ䣬ɶ˵ɶ۾ȫ˵ˡ
ºЩԲסĸ鶼˵ˣٟR붼ƣĸ˵ҪӦ磬ĸûƵġɸһĸ飬־ǱƵġͷþ
ͬ㡣֣̫˵
ҲͬԼٟRʣĸûҵɣ
ʼе㶼ԭԭˣҾͲˡ
ٟR˵˵Ҿ֪ĸ϶ҡ˵̾ĸҪĸͨͺˡ
ССͣ̾ʲô
˭ûաԴӶ飬ٟRһ˿˵֣̫˵ܾ⡣
ô˵˭ⰡٟR˵ĸһҸ꣬Ҹ⣬ҵˮ
㻹֪ˮˣ
Ȼ֪֪¶ɶˡ
һٟRֹ˵ԼСգ֣̫żӦһ䣬ܿһ˯ˡ
ڶ죬ٟRһֱԪڣҪĸһ˯
֣̫ЦŸôһ飬ճˡ
ⲻճˣҪͽТ˳ĸٟRܻԼ⣬˾˵裬ҵĶɡһԹ緹Ͱᣬˡ
˾ЦӦǡ
ٟRں˵Σϲĸһ˯Ҳϲ֣һסһԺӡ
Ȼǲߣ֣̫Ҳֻ


48 
һ,Ӿ͵ˣ֣̫зſ˿ݸ֣ʺ,㿴Ρ
֣ʺӹ,һ,֪ˡ۳Ҫ꣬,ҲԲꡣ
,ںҲ,˵ײһҡû,ǶԲꡣ֣̫ģй浵
ǱȻδ,Ҳ쵽ˡڲţ˽ڣҲҪŵġ֣ʺǰ֮һֱ׼,,ûϵ֣̫˵ҡ֡
ͬο̫Ϊѡ,ǱԼеġ㣬Ҳʱдѯ,ٟRҲ
ҡ,ʵ,ٟR档֣ʺٟRһƫ,δʲô
ٟR֣̫,Сһһ,üۼһ峺˿û档ĸǹǲҰ
䣬Ҿͽҡ
ٟRֲǵһ֪Լ
ٟR˵ĸ̺ĸ󹬵һȥһˣҲĸ֪ǵĶ¡
֣̫ϻ˻֣ʺˡôŰɡֻ֪ЩôҲʡٽ˲ġ
Ȼڹˡ֣ʺййּȻּĽӡ˹ȥֺ̻͡ͱҪ÷档
֣ʺŸ֣̫С֮£ºɵʹͣʹ͡
Լģ֣̫밲һءʱ֣ʺѾطǹٟRĸһɹױ࣬ҲЩۡĸ׸ĸٟRȥĸ
ٟRԲգȦ΢죬֣Ƕˡ֪̫Ȼáۼˣ͸ӷˡ
ĸӦøˣްٟRָĸײᣬ§Ҳޡ
ٟR˵ҸֻЦ
⺢ӻЦǰӦЦġ
˵֣̫˴񣬡ҺͿ裬֪ˣڸˡ
֪Ӧк󸣡ڹǻʵ۹ĪĽˣǽ̫ɡ֣̫һ̧֣ǰ
ͷɫ԰׼֣Ӧǣ൱ȥǹʺ밲
Ӧġȥɡ֣̫ȥˡ
ĸ밢RδЩӣRҲɻʺչˣڸм㣬ðRһȥɡ
֣̫ȴδʣʺΪĸչŮΣRлȥʺлӦ
ҿǲܡŹԼȥˡ
ٟRĸıӰ͸ǣŤͷĸ˵ĸ˺ܶࡣĸ̫ҽĸȥɡ
ⲻģʺᰲŵġ
ŷĸ͹ȥòã
ٟRоǴĶĸ׵Ĺģ֣̫ⲻС
Ϊʲôŷû𣿡ٟRʡĸСˡ
ŷе⡣ǣҪסٹһһҵ־һֻӲʲôٹȥʹҵʹͣҹϲˡԣ͡
ٟRһνӴΣףԭһֻССȻຬ塣ȻǰҲĸʡĸСʱͶȥֹٟRһĵġֱľٶ
һΡ
ٟR˲Ϥĸĸ̬ȣʣĸǲǻûԭĸ
޷Ҳ̸ԭ²ԭ¡ֻʲôֵϲĵطô
ٟRϸ룬Ҳίʵ벻ĸʲôŵ㡣ٟRĸľܾţǾɡĸǰ͸ĸɡĸЩæġ
֣̫ɫһҲáֵʵǱӡ
֣̫ٟRСͬٹЩҲһԼסҲҪסһһ̬ȡ
ٟRСԴ˵ҲԼסԶĸһס
֣̫Цûϵȴˣ͵ѧԼңˡ
Ҳ˰ɡ
֣̫һ֣СԳһЩ
ٟR齣ѧ·֣̫Ŀɿڴʲô
ܳˡ
֣̫֡
ҲЦٟR֣ЦʲôѽʲôЦģ
֣̫ͬһٳ²ĵٟRϧʱ⡣
һʱ¼һӦ׼ãٟR԰˻ᣬ˸βͣʣĸʲô
ʦ㽲һ
ǣԭ飬´ӳ̣һֱĸǡٟR˵˵ͷˣ껹ᡣĸȥһ档
΢ȣЦŽͣ£˿ɵġǼׯϵ£֡
ҿԷׯ֮ȥٟ֡R˵
꣬Ȼ֪ô˵˼࣬ƣУһӦųй涨ġ֮Ҫֵʹͨް룬ֵĵطһȥΪİȫҲټˡ
û¶Ҳôų΢Уͬ֡
򲻿ɡ̫.ʵ΢ɽ·ѷˣТȻʺȼݣ롣̫.ʵТȻʺȴ̫.ʵˣ̾΢ҳɻ䡣
ٟRҲһεʣ룬ȥܿ԰ɣ
ǲɡδѧƣƣ޸ŮӼ֮¡
ٟR⣬Ϊʲô
ǧ涨ġ
ٟRŤͷ֣̫󣬡ĸĹ涨
ȷĹ涨ʱ㸸ʻֹȥǲȥģĸҲǲȥģ󳤹Ҳȥ
Ҫûб㣬ٟRֻΪ˵ƢԣǹɵΨһŮٹɲûƢĺӡ
ٟRܲ˵˵ҵҪȥֻǵŮӲȥʵգ
΢΢ٟRҲ֪鷢ûǿѹвãͬ˵ҲǸʦ˵
ˣûˣʦȥæɡ
鿴ָ֣̫֣̫һӣ鹪¡
֣̫ٟRõĵٟRźˣǸ֣̫Ҫȥݡ
֣̫Цʣļݣ
ȥӱңƽĸꡣٟR˵ҳô󣬻ûġ
ĸҲҪġ
ĸǽȥݼȥݼҡٟRѾ㽲ˣҾҪȥҾҪȥ
úãʱʰã˾ȥΣ
ٟRüЦţɣ
֣̫ЦİͷٟRѼԺȥˡ


49 
ٟR,ǵûķݶԼҲûķݶJ
£ٟRԼֵġ
Сһ,֣ʺ֮¡ٟR⵱Ȼ,춼Ǹ֣̫߶װæ,ʵǴ֡
֣̫鳯绹ĸ,񲿵ݵ,ǹڼִͼ,ٟR֪ԭִͼི
س,ҹף͡
˳᳤ƽ󳤹,֮С
ٟR˵˳ϵãΪʲôҪ⣿
¼ǹڡ
¼ֲûԵ,ĸ,ٴͳΪ빫ʹչ,ľͲ񡣲ʹãԼ⣿
ٟRһ䡣
֣̫һ,Ҳˡ
ٟR˵,ұͷһڵ۶,Ǹøһݡֻ,Ϊû˳衢ƽĸʹͣڵ۶ĿҲûУ
ٟRͷĸ,ǿɷɷУ
ƹ涨,ִҡس䣬Ҳá
ٟRɴ۾ô˵ĸңԼˣ
֣̫ǼʲôóԵģ㽲Ϊ˱ּʱţⶼ֮У̫׿ãʼοʳܶŵϣЩΰͣζ֪
Ҫԣŷķͷ㳢
ٟR˵ⲻǸڳԵĶôôɶ϶Ű
ΪڵĲףúϧڵĪ˵ζãǼõľƣҲΪƣѰġ
֣̫һٟͣRԼƵζǰ㲻ˣ˵Ҳԣǲܳ¶Ų
͸֣̫һٟRĸĸ㲻ôô
֣̫˵ʺײ񣬽ʱ׹Ů棬Ҳһȥɡ
˵¶ٟRСĲúŪңԽСԽǽ
֣̫㣬ΪײֻŮμأ
ҲԲμӰҾ˶ܲμӣӦ÷ֳŮ֮𡣡
֣̫˭ܲμӲҪ˭ܲμҲҪ
ʲôҪٟR档
ơҪ
ٟRˡ֣̫ƣйء˹أ䷽̫ƽʲôƩСֻţؾ֧ƽƽȵġ
ٟR룬˲μײŮӲμӼ룬Ͳ̫ƽˣֲǴ̣Ҷʷ飬ʷϲ̫ƽʱ򣬶Ǵ̵ʱֲǴ̡
˵⻰ɼû׶֣̫յˮݸٟRٟRӣÿڿʣĸֺ˰յĸ˵⵹ڴ̣ҪĴ£񲿡ʷ̨Ҫϱǻȳءο䰡Ѹĵľϰߵ¡
ϰ棬ּ⡣էȻǸˣԸô
ٟR˵ʲôԸģȥڣָѡС¡
ȷΪڸ׸ˣɡԸôûбڸ׸ٴĹٶġ
㹻ԭɣȻ㴦ô󳼡
ԡͬĵûԵɵģͻȻҪأ룬ϰЩصˣʸΪʲôɣ
ǣе¡
ֻе
ĸ㲻Ҳеô
ֻеǲеġ֣̫ȥڿͷһּѣŶС£Ǵ¡ţ󹬲øǶԻǴ
ȻǴġĸҲ°
̫.ʵֹġ
̫.ʵ۵Ĳԡ
벻û򵥡ƳǰѾʩ˼ʮꡣƫңͼҴ񣬹ʶ˼ŶԡҪ룬̫.ʵΪʲôҪأ
ΪɶٟR´۾ϺͿ¡ҿʷأ̫.ʵ۵ǻʱͿʮܴ꣬ˡ
˼Ҳ
֣̫󱻶ЦٟRüһǣøˣ̫.ʵ˿֮ˣ˭
ٟRҲЦˣزԡʵλʱܸܲǹϵʵ۵ǻʱҲ׳꣬ϵ಻󡣿Ҹʵǻʱ͡ոѧ϶񣬸ֲģҪûпɿ˰æôأ
ĸǸʵĸף϶ȸ󳼿ɿһٱֹ
Ҳ˵زԣҿɲǰ˵ġ˼ֵ֤֧ġ
סڵ꣬ķۡ־󣬻λָĸ󳼡鵯־ĹԱб۶˾Ͳߣָ㳯ҡ֪Щʲô𣿡
ٰɡٟR˵
ԱΪڶ־ңȡǶ֮
ٟRɴ۾ࡢʦҲǰյĸףʦǽʷʦŶǺˡ
֣̫ǳЦǻûġ
ٟRŷĵؿڣæʣǺôˣѻ˶𣿡
ûǵóѡڳΪ٣˭ûҰءֻҪлᣬ˶Ϊ־ĿƵģǷëǡԵٴЩĪ˵־λӣʵ۵λӣҲûФ롣
֣̫赭дٟRĶǣתһ룬̫.ʵ۾ǰʵ۵λӣ˻ʵ۵ġ
λˣολ
ٟRһͷ
ֵ֣̫Ծˡ
ʲôġʷϸĳʵĸĻʵۣ˳ӦŵϵĻʵٟۡR˵ʦǽ
ûһ˳ѵͲܿô̫.浱ΪûΪǰ˳
û취ʱң˳ң̫.ҲΪ˾Ȳˮ𡣡ٟR˵
֣̫˵ʮ·˵Ϊ˾Ȳˮ𡣡
Ǽٵģֻ̫.ġ
ô֪ģ
ôдġңģôʵ۵ĲǣٟRдǡ
㣬ôģ
ʷʷдġ
ڶʷ飬ɱʷдġ
ⲻһô
֪̫.ʵ۵ǻʷٵʲô𣿡ٟRԲ֪֣̫һʷ޿ʷʷǰʷ
͸֮һ۾ץסҪٟR˵ǰûʷôǲǰĩ۵ʷĲִ٣ʷ¼̫.ʵҳʷٰ¼һ¡
ǰʷ޶
ǰûʷٰ
ǰȻʷٵġҳҪǰʷ룬ʲôԵʣ
ٟR벻ˡ֣̫󲢲𰸣ⲻҪˣҪԼ룬ˣд档


50 
ٟRǸõĺ,ĸԼ룬ûˣƶԼ롣
һʱ벻,ȴչ۵ˡ
ٟRȥҪȹ,֣ʺ´ĵӣԼﲻ͵۶
ٟR뵽ĸ˵Ļ,һıλ֮ģһ߶䱦һ,Ԥİ
ֽϳ˵Ķ֣̫Ŀ,֣̫кٟRı,ϵһеķ,֣̫Ц׵,ɲ׵áɫСá˾ٟRΡ
ٟRԸԤĶĸ֣̫˵Ҫ֣̫ɵĶôǺü,Ǻܸӵġ䱦ѵкûɣ
ٟR,㿴룬ʳ
Զˡ֣̫첻飬Ƕ,˭Ը
ַ֣̫뱲ӣ֪֣̫ټɻ,ִĻӦ,Ц˵,,,õ,û
ȻҺõġ
Ƕõأûã
ҵùġ
ǹ͵ûĺúõģرáһõģãˡЩģıǶãԼˡ
ٟRһЦҲ߸˶˾Щʵλ
֣̫ȡӣٟRĸʼһιף̫׻ͷ˵ص㣬ԭԳϥΨһŮ֮¡
ӰٟR˵žˣֲ񵥸أ¸ĸѹӵ°ס
֣̫Ը֣ȥʣʷ궼ļˡ
ȥŴ¡ٟR룬Īˣţ϶УĸҲһС񣬷۶񣬴ͳһͣǸֿġ
ѵԴ
ţдԱ
ٟR֪¶ĸ͸ʵ׻᲻ӦʣĸѾڿ񵥣û˵¶˼ٟRֻðס棬ĸ񵥡
񵥣ٟRֵðݺô
Щ˾ǽţٟR˽ԣ¿ٟRС˽ǲ١
ٟR׳ڹУ׹Ҫʩµ˼Ҳѧ˾˵˾׼һЩɰϺãùȥС
˾ȥĸʹ͹̵ģ֪Ƕ෢ǮٟRߵĹ˶ٹ¼ϣ룬ÿһǮ˵Ĺʹ͡
ֻ֣̫֪һЦ˵ӳ졣
ǹݶ͸Ҳû˭ˡЦŷϲ裬ū˵Ŷū֪һҪ
֣̫üëһֻͷŽβġ
Ϊ֣̫ĸˣС£ӦٟRް¹׾λĴ£Ҫ֣̫һȷ̬ȣū澿ۣСʱ򡣡
֣̫һۣ⻰л
ūʱһ˼ĵ⻶ϲŹӣū澼棬Ժǰ̡ū澸Щ꣬ǼȻϲֵǡ֣̫ĸеĸ֣̫һ𳤴֣̫̫ʺ̫󣬴Ӻ֮֮Ͷ˾衣
ʣҲΨ˵⻰ˡ
ʱܾţܸıܶ¡Ǿţһˣܸıģֻ΢һЩ¡ⱲӣÿԵǽ̳ģǴΣ֮ʱƳġܳҲ鱾жʥ鵹ģܳ˹Ҫġ
֣̫ģֻʱúö飬úˣԱѴʱӦ֮ܡ
ѵΪRʺãǷûʧʲôʱŮвŸҲˣ֣̫̫.ʵ۾ţܹ᳹ʼաʵҲʮ꣬ұڷŵѵ뱮
˶ţŮӣʶŮƫģŪȨ֮ӡʵأ޹Ůأ˵ֻһϣӹ¡
һʱңջˡ
֣̫Ը֣ȻRԸ㣬ͼЩ
΢һǡūˡ


51 
ֵĽ,еڴӳϦʼٟR绻һ£ʱ,ɵۻ,ʱˣ֣ʺʹ,֣̫ɵ
Ȼ󣬹ظ,ŷʹ͵ķˡ
֣ʺһš
ɵƫ,һһŮ,֣̫Ҳ,¡սɵƫ֮,Ҳÿ֣̫顣
ĸû˼ɵҲû˵ʲô
᲼ãɵЦ,նһ,ǸRԤˡţǰRҲǴˡ
ٟRϲɴ˶Դ˵ĵͷ,԰ҶѧˣԺǴˡ
,ʿ
ٟR㵽ǰ,ɵۿһԲɰĵģ,мϲ,Ц,ȻǸˡ
,㿴ұȥ곤û
ñһȡɵվһȣȻˣȥ껹ûѾˡ
ǣٟRˡ
ʱٟRװģľԼСӣһĸһסĸֳ˺üյ
йи裬ٟRҲĽζǸȻСģЦҲСŮӣ¶ɫҪѵˡ
ո裬ҹɫٟRŸ絽յϿ̷̻ٹľƽٹǲŵġ
ľɵ۳ӣʦǽ̵ϳɳأƽվֹҲׯصĺܡţҲЩá
˵ֹһͨæң̻ĵطٟRСޣ۾գĿñڱš
ٟRع·ϻֹˣС޶ȷƨ˶١಻Ŵġ
ͷըٟRĶѧЩٵ׻òף
ô˼ٟR˵֣Со
˵ҷǸĸɡ
ѽôС£ɲ״ٟRȥ״Ÿ֣ʼ˵ĺû֪ǵңȻԹ䣬㿴˵ĻľǲģĻˣ
⻹Ҫȥ̻ǲģͷǻҩһӾˣ
֪֪ˣٟRֳن£ԶԶһٟR˵ǽֵҹô
ͷ
ٟR˵ҹ䣬öЩ̿𡣡S
ǵǣȻȥˡ
ٟRסΧȴֹٹһĶࡣѲҹǣһʣǻӹæǰ밲
ӳҹɫ΢ȴҲôٟRֻͷһ˫ҹǰӣһѸ¸ɤžλ¡Ȼ󣬸ͰӰһ
мд
Ŵ˲ضǼѲӰɣҲҪȥˡ˵
ٟRʱˣⲻ֮ǰæȰ˵˽ԧ쵽۶׵֮һôž٣۶٣λԵţ˰
ٟRһߣǾ̾㲻ʮôôô߰
žңһʱֲ֪δٟR⣬ֻӲͷƤҲã˵ҸʱΰԼҸ
ٟRͷ֪ˣôС͵ˡžߵ˵Ŵ˵£ȴ󣬶Ŵˡ
ǡ
ȻٟRͬˡ
ߵԶЩʣRʶ
ôˣʱ۶Ů˽ӰŵġŴ˽
ٟRһ˵̾ˣҿɵĲ
ţôҲû
˵ԶٟR˵ƽĸҰ£ʴҪҪһȥ˵Ҳûʲô£һȥ
صٹ˵˷̻£൱ȻٟR״ٟRҲ˵£ͦģ䣬ҿ¼룬˵ֹܲһû
ĻɵҲ⣬ǳʱŴͽֵÿ̳
ٟR˼ڹϣʹͣҲˡõڶһ𴲣һȸĸ֣̫꣬
ʱٸֳһٸĸһ꣬ٵø
ٟRĸܣǲõġ
Ȼɵ֣ۡʺҲ׼ǵѹǮ
ԹŵĽӣҲ㵽ˣһ밲꣬ԸʹͲᡣʱҲҪĸԼλָߵ꣬ҲյһС
ȻǸ๬
ٟRǸ֣̫ߣһֱֵ壬֣̫ҲҪЪһЪٟRӣ׼ˡ
˵һȥ֣̫ɵ۶֪£˽Բԣֻɵ˵⵽Ұɲܿȥ
ٟR˵ָ׼϶ӡƹƷ
ãǱˡɵֵüŮ׽
ͬһӳ˹ţٟRĲӾͺ޲ȥһ߶ͷ䣬ӡ
ô¯㡣ٟRͷؽ¯ֳϳԴ̫ãǺ˷硣
ģһ䡣˵ͷҲû硣
ûô
зҲС磬һС硣ŵĳ֣Ҳµĺܣֱ֣ȸ֣ʱ
⴩͸̴ûпţϳﲻ·˶˽ֱ߶ϡٟRʵǾװĸһ·ˣҲøˡ
˵Ϊ˰ȫ
ֵĲȤ˱ϣٟRȤӣسڡ
ƽ󳤹ĸ빬вԶܿ͵ˡ
ٟR⣬ûǰ֪󳤹էȻݵѹŷĲᣬһ߻ţһŷҪɽȥ໽ס˵ĸ꣬ǹ꣬򲻿Ͷĸǡ
ŷӦһŷɱȥ빫Ǵ󳤹ˣ
۶Ҽ¶ûмƽ󳤹Ӵ
󳤹ͣŮٻҪŮϱӭӣŮ˵ԸͶ
ŮҲȰĸȥӭô빫Ժ󼴱Ҳˣ¾ġ
ϱĸ׷ģһȥӭӺ͹
ӱ˵ĸַԸŮ֪ŷ׼ϲ
˶䣬·ɺãƽ󳤹ҲͰڵˡ
󳤹δãҲǾ긮ڣݴ󳤹ڵ۶Ҳм˿أм־¿ֻͣǵ۶̫䣬ľ㣬Ψɽʯֵһۡ
ô󣬻ͷһݼңǹϳɵҲ˼ȸԾֻΪ֣ǻʳӣ֪Ϊɳȡ
ұֶܿӭ˴˶һ׼Цֻ߶̫ˡ
ţǽҳϱһˣӵŵ󳤹סңһˡ
ȸ󳤹ʺãƽ󳤹Цãá
񵥣ƽ󳤹Ц벻ǹˣͱʲôء
һЩҳ
ƽ󳤹ҳĲźá
ٟR̲סһ䣬ĸûôҵѹǮġ
һ仰ļƽ󳤹Ц󳤹ЦУȻУ
ȻԤֻٟܶ࣬R˲ͬǵݸߣҲסƽ󳤹ĸһ˵Ƕֻһһֶһ˸
ԼǸˣεˡٟR߸˽ӹ˵ллĸĸ
ôһ֡
ӱǰٟR֣Цͬ˵ϲº͹ġ
ǰ͸ĸ˵ˣֻû㣬ҪĸϲٟRϲϲ˵
ƽ󳤹ǵůʴͷ䲻䣬֣·ٟRС񣬡һġ˾뷿̫ˡ
͵úʵźáƽ󳤹ˣδص۶һֶֶŮ׽˰
ĸİɣһ䡣Ҳ¯¯ᣬ˼ҷġ
һŵ˵ʵ˵޷ǹĻһǾȤٟR˵·бǲ֪Ķŵġ
󳤹ЦǵĳݻûͰЩͯɢˡο׾Ȼ꣬ﳣкͯűڵġ
Żô
ҪСĵ㡣ÿ궼ʧ˼ҾˡⲻˣƫǸ£æһ꣬Ըϲһ
󳤹׼˷ʢϯҵشƽأ׽ϵ۶ΪţԤˣϷӵһԾƣỮȭȡ֡
¶ٟRͷһӴɶ飬һѧˣı˶𾢡
ֻСܳԾƣҲֻܺȵĴһơ
һʱһͶ󳤹ͶҲٟRֱ֣ӹϹڣп˵ĸҵĿģ
ƽ󳤹Ц˵ٟRźá
ٟRһȥú»Ӯ˹ĸ
ʱٟͬR˵ˣǸûˡ
ٟRͷ⣬õĺܣһδģ󳤹ҲϲǶͷһسҲûвǵġ
󳤹˵ס²źãֵ̫ڹ»ٱøˣǹΣ
ٟRǸ˵ӣĺܿģĸﲻ⴦ĸġǻȥȻһ·Ϸʱĸֵõ
ƽ󳤹ЦٟRͷѾȡ⴩Ķñһϡƽ󳤹͵ſڣͲ˼ˡ
ҲˣһһΣֱӾţ˹ֱӾͻعȥˡ
ֻڳ£ٟR磬ôˣ
಻ãĸ˵ǽճ˵ǳĸȥ칫ĸ
ɫǲЩˣ
ٟR֪ع˽ģٟRԭģֹ磬ô˵
˵˵һôܲȥĸңȥĸҡûȥȥ
˵˵ͲڻˣĸҶ˼
Ҫȥĸҿɣҿĸͦǹҵġ
ȰȥĸТģȥô£ôų˿ô룿ٟRһ㲻ȥң̫˵ĸôһΪ밡
˭ǹԼĸıġ
ٟR˵ĸ˵ǵһһǵ̬ȣԵء
ݡѪԵѵǼٵģ
Ҳȥȥĸһ׼ˡ
Լȥ
һȥôܲȥأٟRԼ⣬磬ô˵
û˵
ʸ¡
ֱҲǲףԸ񱾾ƫºͣº͵ȡ˵ٟRƫƫܸᶨˡ
룬õĻҲһعĸ¸鲻١


52 



ĵʮ 
Ϊûȥ,ؼҵʱǡǡãû絽Թ緹ͻص֣Ҳûóǣ
֣̫˾ͷ,Цڴ󳤹ЩǴ,ĸ˵ź,ˣҲСϷһԾ˵Ц,˼J
ٟR˵,ȭӮ˺üء
Ӵ,ȭˡ֣̫Ц
ҲͶˡĸ,㲻֪ĸͶҶȲ˼ҡٟR˵,ĸҸһóõĺĸ
Ҳ˼˳˵ٟRһ䣬ԺҪ,಻˼
ʲô˼ġֻСʱѹǮ,Ǵˣʣ¸˷ǮķݶˡСöЩŲ
ѵ̼ô,ġ
ɨˡ͵ѹǮǹǻбɱ̼֮ӡٟR˵
˵̼
ֱ̼ģʲôԣ
֪,Ҳ˵ˡǸջ,ȥĸ밲,ýиĸġ
ٟRһ֪ʵȥĸ,ɲȥֺٟRװģĴ,ȥһ,۵Ķ߲·ˡ
֣̫һաģɿЩ˹ȥ˵һ߻ʵۻʺǻˣٹģҲˡ
һʱ˵ԵĻ
ٹǳȥһֺĸ˵ûȥ츮¡
˵룬Rڻĸߣ֪ĸ⡣ĪóȻȥˣֻĸһʱͷΣչûա׼ȥĸʱɢ磬һҺ֡
̾ҲĲܵġ
ɫϧı˱ļ磬ҵĶĻ伫ĸΪüƣȷ͡ʵҲǵͷǹңȥơ
ĸ⣬룬ТУ¼áТ¶ϼ꣬ĸҲͼ֮
Ҳ
ɵǳ谮ֻǣɵҲ޷Υ֣̫⡣
ս˽㣬಻Ըٴŭ֣̫Ҳֻˡ
ٟRûн¸ĸ˵Լĸ׵Ĳǣͬǳ꣬治֪ĸôġ
ҷ˴͸úú÷ʡֲǼƽĸʮûص۶һؼƽйһдТеļ壬Ȼûӹȥǡ
ٟRʣզôأ
ٟRΪϲȵ֮£
οմӴ󳤹ǣתͷȥ
ʲô¶ء
ǽд󳤹֪ҲҪн٣ǰҸһ㿴
ȥҲȥ˳踮ϡ
ٟR±û˵ºǱԹһء
ĸһΪǿǡ
ڶ󳤹˵ϵ£ĶЦû뵽ȥġ׼ҳȥӭʱҲ׼ͳ⡣ﰡů͵ĲС
֣̫Цǰ˵Ҫȥݣ߶ޣҪ˳ȥء
˳᳤ЦŶʣɲֻǶһݣβҸȥҲȣŵڶ˰ɣ
ٟRһ۷Ź⣬ԸȥԸȥ裬ĸ˵˵ȥ㸮ϰɡ
ֱ֣̫ͷۣҸR˹涨׼ȥһΡ
Ҳ̫ˣҾһ³ȥһáٟR˵
ǰȥһΣ֣̫ʡ
ٟRɶûˣǾ°ɡ
Ҷһ֡
˳᳤˵£ǰ̫æˣĸҲæ覷Ҿûͬĸ˵ǰ򷢳ʷ񣬻д˷Ÿң˵ͣϲãϥһŮס˼֮¡
ƽ󳤹һСʮֵ꣬ܽУᣬôȲˣ
ǰʵҲ˴£ʱ̫꣬ҽȥˣȴҽտ̫ҽȥ𿴿ᣬ֧š֣̫Ƕˣ̫.ʵ۵Ķӣ޼֮ˣ
ٟRϸֻǸпһû˵ʲôٟRʣĸùöˣ
ߣίʵʮˡ
ٟR˵ҼǵҿǼ;岻ãβǰ;һˣ˵һ롣
ƽ󳤹˳᳤ٟR;˴£ۣ
ǹŮҾλܴУϵ
˿ٟR֣̫ҲáԭҲ뵽㣬ֻǴ;Ҫ˸ţЩʱգǿȰּ⣬ġ


53 



ĵʮ 
ǵһ,ʵٟܵR֣̫Ӱ
ƽ󳤹˳᳤ǶˣǿٟRĿĸ֣ء
ٟRȻδ֪һεҪ֮£ƶһλλķ͡һߵ,˵,ȻдŸҵùùãҪ,¶ġ
֣̫Цð̫ҽȥʱ,һȥ
ٟR˵ĵͷ
ɵ۹,֣̫ɵ˵֮Ů;֮,ԭô֮,飬ٴ;Ӳ,ǺҲǵճΨһŮǰ;ҲΪ
һ,ɵҲ,ļ֮£ĸ˼ء
ͽ֣̫ɵ¶,֣̫࣬˵˵
ĸ,ٿ,Ҳ,Ĵ,û̫á
뵽Ķ˵Ķ֣̫ӡ
ɵҲ˵,Լ,˵Ҳ޷ǽѧġ
ٟRҲװģСȶĸϣÿеĺϣҧһڣ
룬ӣ֮󣬵ҿдģֺ֪ӣԵ˼̫ʵ֮ӣܹ˭أ̣ǳ͢ӶʣҲɷС
ô֣̫ʡ
ûáʵʵ˵
ǰţ¶˵ٟRѳʣһǹƤŵɵڣҲٟͬR˵ѾӶСùˣͷ¶ȵ£ֲġȸȽҪ
ͷ
Ǵ¡ɵҲûھʹãݾôŰɡ̫ҽȥȳἸʮ꣬תΣΪ
ɵ۶һȴ£ϲ
ǵˡ
ٟR˵Ҫ뵽ĸ͸ҵСùõġŮԭ͸ôͿġ
ôһ룬ٟRҲͷˡֻͼ꣬ȻڲͣСùõͣҲ;ġ
ٟRţʵλԶû򵥡
ɵ֣̫£ؽϹԱ⡣
ʮɵۿӡų͢ٽ͢ʼϳ֣˲ӣ˵˷纮һʱ𲻵
֣̫̫ҽȥԭҲʲô󲡣ֻ֣Ҳͣһʱ䵹
֣̫ǣֳ֣Ůʱ֣̫дѯҩ
Ԫڣ͹еУԹԪ磬ӱععٟRҲʼһĶѧϰ
³ٟR˾Ͱдˡ
һĳ壬Ȼ󣬽˾ǰУԣУԺãٟR˽ܳķݣһݸĸһݸʣһݸ֣ʺһݸ顣
֪д£ֻΪдٶȸеˣдˣ
šͷĵдˡķݣǸʦģʦǿҪʲôܸǽҪҲ޸ġٟRֱı״ԪˣŻġɼԼš
չ٫hܲ˼ˡӱ֣Ըкգӱ˵ǾŬдģʦǿ
չ಻֮ʦҪЦźá
һ д飬٫h֣ҲеûסٟRŵĲˣҾдĺܺá
Цҵúúÿ
ɵÿҪûʲô⣬¾͸ӡˢˡ
ãȥͿ
Ŵ˼Ҫ񣬾ͷλŮд顣۹⣬ľţ̹Щ
ǵģͨƪ׻뱾õ䶼ûУǶҲ°Σ鿴ˡ
дĺףﻹа߶Щƭη
ĲɣȴǱ顣
е᲻
׶ѧʶ˿ǳѰˣδŮӶԣǳʵáͷǵ¼һЩоĹմƭгѣӦѣĸĸԱ
ȻЩ򵥵֪ʶطٵľ֪µطЩ򵥵֪ʶȴҲ֪ġ
ңдĲ£ð֣Ҳ˷롣
뼸ŮӵܱͣһҲĵġ
ĿҲ֣̫ɵ۵Ŀ֣ʺҲдĲʵá
ˣٟRʹֱӡˡ
֣̫Ը˾ã˾ܹĹԾĹٟRԸʲôֽʲôģٟRҪġ
ǼСѾã˾ܹٟܺRȱſӡҹĿ˵ӡ¡
˾ܹܵһ˼õϵѩֽ鲢ÿ鹤Լһҡ
ٟRףˣӡٲᡣ
˾ܹӦǣ¡
˾ܹԶӱ˵ֻӡٲᣬǲˣ
١ͷһӡϡΪӡЩѡٟR
٫hˣ㲻˵дŮӵôֻӡٲᣬҲ
չҲٟRٟR˵ŮӺֹǧ򣬾ӡҲο㱾飬濴ô
٫hͷᰡ
񰢫hô˺ٵġٟR룬мhʵˡٟRãҲûߺȡдĴˣǿɲܹ顣
ȻٟRصĲ϶˵ˡ


54 
ٟRµĲʹ,ߴ٣˾ҲǷͷһȥġǣٲܿ쿯ӡáʱ,ʵī㡣
˾ܹ,ܹҲʱ䣬ٟRѧʱٟRϵ,ͬ˾ǵ,һһ,һ,Ҳһһ,ӡΡ
˾ǴŹȡӱһġٟR·˷,۷滹ҳӡˢľǰ޶,ʽӱ,ǿӡΣ
˼Լд鿯ӡչﶼ΢¶ϲɫӱֱ,Цͦá˵һģһ,ĻҪЩȻ˾,ɱȡ
֣Ҳ˵ܺá
ٟR˾ܹܵ,ɼǵΪ˾ǿ,Ҳٱ֮ġ
˾̵ܹ,ԭǳı,ɸҷܹԹȷΪ֮Ϊ֮
ٟRЦܻ˵ҲáǳƫͷԸһȡҵӡ
ȡٟR˽ӡٟRҳһӡҳ¡ٟRܹܣпŮ
ܹܻصһСŮ
λܹţٟRҪֽʣд֣Ů
ȻݸˣתܹܣٟR͸ҹɡ
лʹ͡˾ܹ˫ֽӹٟR͵飬ǡ
ֱٹŵӲŸֱ˾ܵǹöȣʼϵܡ뵽ոٟR˵Ļûٱܣܹܾо֮С˵ûаͽõ˼ҪΪٟR֣̫谮סٹܹܲи׼֣ʹǳġ
ٟRǸӣܹܶкηأ
ܹľͬʱԼСʻ괬ļѵ
СС˵¾ȴ¸ɡ
䵱ֱӳᣬòʹģȻвǣ͵ðˣ
һʹ磬ᣬҳ죬ʱҳӡܹ꣬ԺĲʹһĽа
Ȼ󣬽һţؼҾ͸Ů̫󡢱¡ʺ󡢻ӹͬ򣬹ױʴ͸Ů飡
Ůô飬ȵκνʹͶٱ
ֻʹ˵ˮ׼ԺֻܰͽЩһ׼ûġ
ܹ°롣
滨ԺУΧһŸӡ飬жϲӱ˵ǸϽȥ̫Ĳźã
ǣٟRӣŴһ͵֣̫ȥˡ
Ӵӡˡ֣̫ӹ顣
ţܹܲʹͦ죬ĸӡô
֣̫˷治ֽҲõĺá
õѩֽһӡĲ࣬úõֽٟR⻬˿ҳСС׳˽Щο˼æ˴ģûæ
ףһ¡֣̫˵
Ķȵõ죬ףٟRϲ¾ţţǫѷ븸ĸһšӱ㡢ǶƵģҲǣòã
㡣֣̫һЦӦˡ
ٟR̾ҪְȥˣȥţŷҲҪЩƲ˲źáٟR˵ظʣ¸裬ҲʱȤ
ظ˾֮£㶼ǹݡٟRϲ裬С綼Ҫظ̷
֣̫Ҳˡ
ٟRߴߴĸӱ´С磬ѰǶǴһɵģҲǴһдɡ
ٟRԼС磬ʱСһ۰ˣ㵥֣ҲҪи֣֮ԼС顣J
֣̫ߴߴ˵ȤӱҲУԣൽʱЦһ̣Ҳ
Ҽൽˣ֣̫⣬վȸ֣̫֣̫Ц磬ô
˵ǵӡˣ಻סȹ򣬹δ١˵Ű˰֣ʾҲض
ٟRȡһ͸翴ҲӡĺãǵӡĺãҲӣĪ˵ҶѰʶֵĶҲ档
ٟRǱûࡣ
ʱɵ֣ʺһˣһٟͨRԼ֪ͨˣĸסʡĸһģٟRҲͷˡ
һ͹ٟR飬ԿһͨĽӱ˹ֲ˼ģСǶ֪ȻǾд飬ǶʱޣҲû˵á
ٟRûԼµһá
˵ҶʱƽƽRȴ¡
ŮФɵ۰ûǫ佱ӦˣŹŮ鶯˫ŹŮȷԼ
ٟR˵һдġֻдеɣһдġеİǰǰæһҵģ˰ʮసűɵ顣ʣǴһһĹ͡
ٟRĹǵӲԽԲӱ˵ǹ飬ǹҲ벻дһ顣
٫hҲ˵ǰʼһеûףһҡ
֣տʼҶдɣõҶƮƮģоġ
չﺬЦٟRǵĹǶ
ٟRڸĲ˼ˡ
ҶһЦ
ɵ֣̫ͬ˵Ǻúӡ
֣̫ǰҲû뵽Ͱдˡ
Ƕ࣬Ҳ֣ˣһֱֵɢˡ
ߵʱٟRһһϡ
ٟRǸĸһ˯ģԡ󣬻˽£һ¯㣬ڰڣȡһ飬ҳдһ֣׸Ļĸ
Լ֣ٟR
Լ˽ӡ滨Ժ
ȻٟR֣صĽ͸ĸ
֣̫֣¡


55 



ĵʮ 
ҹ,ɵڡ
·黷ɵڵ·ٟR飬һ˿ȥ,ɵһ,ֻRСڳд,û뵽ڳˡ
ǰɵ۵Rд,洦
Ըд,Ȼ洦ˡЦ,Ѫ,̫ʺ࣬д,Ͷûдݣǲǹ󣬟R,Ů
һ뵽ٟR׽ٹһϵ,˵ƣ
˼ҵĹŮǸףô͸ⲻһģ
趼ˣ
ɵ۷ٟRԼдС,R⺢ӣһ컯ġ
ǱµŮ,Ȼ컯
ɵۺ,,춼ĸ鰢,к,Щ޷Ҳ࿴˰RЩ
,Ķ˰RˡʲôаľаRģҶһˮƽRСҲǺġ
ѽɵһ£ǲСʱѧϰ̫ѧϰõĲڡ
ңĶţͱ´Ƶģ˵ѧϰƲˡ
ɵ۾ϲݽα飬ЦҿɲƲ㡣
ĸ£ɵס˫һ޾ࡣ
һôΪ˵ȷһңκλͶ̥ӲԴ̰ģҲʼ¤ͳײ֣̫ˡ
ʮɵ۵Ļ
ɵ࿴ٟRﻹǶҪɵ۵ĻʱʱټĸŮԣҲģȱٟRڶݶӣϾ׹ŮοŮ֣̫ߺܿء
ûɵ׹Ůĵز
ԣڶˣٟRֽʡ
˵̹ʣʱһ㣬R඼ǰġĸȻȱҺ׼ģҵ⡣R㰮д飬ȥáԺҲҪ飬㸸ʺĸѧۼеǺʦʦ汾춼ѧҡ
ٟRյҲˡ
°첻Ʃˡ廨ЩСʲôģȻҲҲùŮָŽǾġ
ǣʱŪЩĵĶŮǡ
ٟRţĸ׼ȲĨŵȥæҪʹҲʹʲôаϹڣĺˡ
ٟRæ׼ԼС硣
εӣΪĹǶ
ĲƷƷϵĸ衢ϷٟRӱһöġ
ٟRд飬ⶼӡˣ͸˾ܹܵһᣬҲ֣̫ɵ֣ۡʵۡࡢÿһᣬģ滨Ժ鷿ƽ󳤹ٟRûһᡣ
ƽ󳤹˳᳤ŶٟRٟR˵Ѿӡˣֻڻ͹ĸ͹ĸ
˳᳤Цôذ
ء˻ĸʡĸĸл֣ҵȿһС硣ʮһдģҵȸһһ𿴹ȻʽԱҾ졣
ٟR˵ʽƽ󳤹˳᳤˵Ǿٵȵȡ
ٟRעҴҲץʱҴעãһӡһŮӿ洦ġ
ٟR棬ʲô¶ԼģҾ;ţٟR˵˻ٟRС˶
滨ԺСӣ滨ʢһ滨һ濴ӡᡣ޹Щռڵˣû뵽ԼҲһ
ֱӣҲͰռЩڣҲûд飬ôء
ٟRЦռڣÿξۻᶼѾڵİһ۹ȥǴһЭĽԴҶˡ
Ȼˣӵ¡
Ī˵ǵ۶ŮٶˣҲΪġ
СʮڰϣٟRǣǵ˽ӡ˰ɣ
ˣġ
˶ˡ
ٟRȡԼ˽ӡһҳӡӡм䣬ȻݸߵĽӱǰԼӡϣȻⱾǵļԺʹӡٶ飬ҲûиһġһŬе飬Զš
ǣٟRĴ£ҶԼ˽ӡȥ
ٟRȡһ٫h˵hдϣԪʥʮ壬滨Ժ
ҲθȡһǴһӵļʱļ
ЩǱӡĸסĸĸʱԻẬЦ˵ʱ⣬Сʱд˱顣


56 
ٟRʽ,ҽĳСȡ
һ裬ڳСģԭٟR׼Ͷ,,ҶʾǸ,ǵ۵£
ƩôʹͷٟRмƻ,׼, һȸ۶оŮ,ھˡ
ھ,Ʒ涨ģƷھ,ſɳƷˡƷԳƷˣơ
ƽ֮Ů,۶ھʹ,Ա֮ޣھƷҲϺ,Ҫʹͣ
δԱҲлص۶ְʱ,ֻһɢɢˡ
ٟR,ҵû뵽һ㡣
ұһ뷨,ʷ̫ҵĹŮ˵,˵͢,,Ȼ͢Ĺôɷȥأ
չһ֣ԣҲ뵽ˡһ취͢ÿ¶Ҫۡɷط飬ۡ
ЩĳûۡһͷǸ÷ӡ
Ȼ󣬴ߴߴһأͰⷨӶˡ
ǵʱ򣬴ҶٟR˵£ʲô£ֻܽǶԸ׷£һܰá
ٟRҲ˵һʹʲô¶ܰá
Ħ飬ٟͬR⻰
ؼҪĸһԼ飬ɱ¡̫ʺӵһԼֻһġ
ԽԺŵԽλԺǵȻÿһˡοȥŮŸָҰڵ£Ƕġҷȸп̫ʵ۱µʥȻҵԼŮ֣ݵģ˲á
̫ˣ
ҲмʣҲûд飬ôҲߣ
˵ǴһռģÿӶһ۵ģԴҶߣǵֱҲ档
䷽ʷҵĹŮĸ˵ǰʷ̨˻еϹĸ㿴˶ðǹǣҲ˵ԵϾǲִдˡɹûǵ࣬Ƕˡ
ٟRܰдɱ˾ȣʱٟRģٟR϶ҴʵģҲˡ
¶߯ף˭˶ӡҲֻдɵݣһȺȺ顣
һ˰£ǲŵġôһ룬ȷдɵġ
ŮؼңЩŮ˶ţ°ĹƯԭǾٟRе㰮ڣͳһı뷨Ǹµ˰
ǣٟRûʼ۶ٻ˼ҾͶˣд˱飬̫ʵ۱¡ʺһģ»ǽ밲һ
˲ã߯档
֣ڼ
ͣȾϷ纮һֱ϶󰲡ŮؼҴص飬ҲȤһء
һҳٟRʹһӡ£ӡ״ͬзġԲġģٟRӡм䣬ǵӡ±㶼ΧٟRӡ¡
֣ҫĸ游˵˼ֻһȴܴһۼҾ
֣档
š϶ڵģΪûǣС˵ǴһһŬдɵ飬ԣһֶͷ֣Ȼ뵽һ£ĸ˵ĸ´³밲ڡĸסһȥ˵ˣʹ͵۶ھƷϵھǵһʹ͵ģʱۼһܵı
֣Цǵһȥ
ţһõģѩֽҳлʮõ滨ֽﻹбǣٹ滨Ժơ˵͵һôӡģûˡָ֣游ĸ
ȻⱾرģΨʮᣡ˭ģԼһţ
֣ŮС˼ЦⱾȽٻ㡣
֣˵á游㿴ʲôʱҶС
Ҫ֣Ҫġ
֣Ӻʱ῿ϼҳӵıʷֱףҲ񡣿ɾһ飬֣ȥ˼顣
ڡ
ٟRĸһֵʹͣ۶Ʒھÿһھ밲ʱұã⣬صľ泯ۡ͢¡
ٟRⲻΪУҲϸ£Ʃ磬͢ƷھҪҳڵ۶ģصġַֺϺӱϽַλһطһͣɽʡ
УǴͷ
ҹŮˣǲٵˡ
֣̫ٟRҿٱһ֡
ٟR˵Ҿһ㡣
㻹ʵɣ˭ģͲˡ֣̫Լȥ죬˳ٴ顣
ٟRʹİţߵ߶йҪԼҹŮˡˡ


57 



ĵʮ 
ٟRͳƳڵ۶оŮĿ,Ȼǵ۶ھĿȰһȡͽʹȥ
صͳƳ,ȷǲ,üӡٲᡣٟRĥţЩźá
һ¼ӡ
Ȼ,ٟR˳㽫µģƷƷھ,Ҳͳһء
,Ʒ֮ھ֮,Լ۶Ѯ˼ҵĿһҪ۶ṩ
ٟR˵,ɵ֪˵۶һõ۶
Щȫ,ٟRһ˾ʹ͵ƷײֽͬšӡˢҲǲͬġ
,۶Ȱ졣
ů,Ҷ˴ƽ󳤹飬Ц,ԭǰЩӾͻؼƽأ͵ŰR顣
ĸŻؼƽ,סЩӡ
һڼƽ,Щġ
ж塢СҲܶ,֡游ûչ˵ġ
ٟRС,޼ǣҡ
֣̫Լƽ󳤹,ԭҴ޺ú,ٻء
лɩţˡʱЩڼƽشˣҲʡ̹ŮѺӽɵˡ
ƽ󳤹˵ֱҡͷٟR棬ӱ˵ƽ翪ţŮҲܸɣƵ۶߶ضࡣ
ġЩϹģҽ̵ƽϺŹŮܣӹҲá̫ǺӦƽġƽ󳤹ŮֻҪ֪ǣǺúӡ
ٟRߵͷǡĸ⻰
ƽ󳤹ÿÿٟRСģЦ۾RڻСˣĸ˵һҹ㣬ĸȥƽΣ
ۿ˵ˣɲܱģٟRھϲȥݼҴӣܳϧ֣̫ϸ涨²һΡ
ƽ󳤹Ц˵ˣ
ҵ˵ƽֺܽȥܼô
ܡûʲôÿģҲһЩ̼֡ʲôʱ꾰꾰ˣҪߴϼ̡
Ҳ£й游ô˵游̿ˣ
ƽ󳤹Цȷؾǡ
ƽ󳤹ϲٟRۻʼҹ͵ɡżȻٟR䣬־ٟRͻСοӳҲ죬Ȼס
ؼƽǰƽ󳤹ԼĹס˼գҲҪڵ۶ĳﳤŮӻظ˺һ
ڹҲסС꣬ӱöͦӦԼİġٟRöǺദģƽ󳤹ʷ£ƽҲʲô£ʷ顣ҲûԵĶǶǶµģڻӹߣͺúõúö顣۶Ǽƽض࣬ѧһѧʣǿûš
˶Цˡ
˵ĸİɣڹ̫ʺﶼչǣڼһġ
Ǿͺáƽ󳤹û˵ʲôܸұȡĻԭļңЩҲЩͷ۶Ҳܡƽ󳤹ΪʲôΣյĵط
ʹҲסĵؽĶôһ
ƽ󳤹úǺúϢ϶ĵĹĸ᲻úӣοĸס
ÿÿĸ׽飬ûаã˭ϵǰһĹݸ߹СЩءȫûС˵ݣС˼ŮӽҲĺ飬ǰӱҲáϷµģӵԸ񣬿űȹº񡣡
ӹȻǺõġƽ󳤹
ĸ׻ʲôɵǵģϿĸµģ
ƽ󳤹⻰⴫
ĸ׻֪ôҺʱǶˡǼƽ󳤹ĳŮء
ƽ󳤹ӣáʺá
⻰һǱΨһӣЩ꣬ԵĻӹմ˿Ժǻʴλ̳ߡ
Ȼá
ʹˣҲ˽֪¡
۶ʱж̶ٟܿRô
ĸôͻȻ˵ô仰Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ĸ⻰ʲô˼
ҲǺд˸п


58 



ĵʮ 
ȥѵ¹ʡ·,ٟRȼƽĸ뿪۶գһȥͼƽĸ
˵,㲻ɣ
ôҾȥ͹ĸٟRԼ˽,ָ署,ĸʮŻص۶һˣһ,ֲ֪ʲôʱܼ
ය,ȥ,ͻС,Ͳȥˡ
вУĸֲһ˵ģҵȥ
ǰͷ,ٟRںͷ׷꣬Ҳû̫죬Ӹ,ҲٟRСȶ,ڵڵͦ죬׷ϴ硣
ЦסС֡
ѵ¹˾͸˵ȥ͹ĸ,ɵ۵밢˵,󳤹ݸ,Գ,²ڡʹ󳤹ǰɡ
,ҡ,ҲҪȥٟR˵,ĸҿɺˣ˵ԺȥƽҲҪȥ͡
ٟRһ˵һ߻ʹɫʾ˵ɵۿ۾һգһգģºЦʣ⻹˰
ӱڹҺʣʱҡRٴϰӱһҲѲ˼ĸҲ
ǾǡٟR̸Ÿ͡
ɵۼȫ⣬ٟRŶģ͹Թϣɲܡ󳤹ͻ
֪ġʲôʱܹɲԩˡ
ɵЦǲġ
ֻܷģôˣôȥôٟR
ɵ밢RֻǻЩǲµĺӣҲûٶԡ˵ʹ˸ףǻȥֺʡ
ֺһһϣĵġǹʱģãڡ
ǹλݣԼСˮҪ㡣
಻ϲ֮죬ٟRθڣиң滹׺ӣңָָĸҳҡ
ŵǰٟRԼСӣһһڣԵʶӣҲңóԵġ
̫ˡ
һֲ𡣡
̫ˡ
̸ⲻ͡
йζ
⹦ٟRѾһСҼˡ˵̸ⲻȰһԼˣǲ̫𡣡
˵»СЩǡ
ٟRͷһ׼óԡ
ٟRԲԲСҪƵĺƢθͺˡ
ҸСͲٟRû⣬ٳԾ¡
ʸ֣ԵĿɺãһͶЩҲһչٟR˾ǡ
˶ʵˡ
ʳû⣬Ҳͷˡ
ĸŮһ˵ֱˣ˾һϡҲû˭ǰƣ֣̫¹׼˾뿪ٟRߡ
˳㽫ʱȥʹ󳤹˵ˣ󳤹ѵû˴λؼƽأȷȥ˼ҡ
󳤹˵˼пֻٻӱڹҲǶһӣڹڼƽһġ
ĸģõġ
ЦĦգοҶˡ
ʮ꣬Ѿĸ˱ܡһЦ뵽ܳǳһ̾ʣĸôˣ
ûʲô˾ڲ࣬ܲ˵ˡǸпҶת۾Ǵˣ㸸ʰˡ
뵽ʹ󳤹һοʲôŮġͲţһֺ
úðѲʹã㸸⣡
룬ҲǼС¡ĸ֣أĸİɡ
ο
ٟRСӵıںͷصһңʱٟR˵Ҳһȥġ
ǰ֪ǰRҲһȥɵĻԹԵģ֪
ٟRôĸ˵ĸһĻǹˣ
ˣЦҲڶһˡ
ٟRˣǧҾڶ
ЦôССˣô껰
ٟRϲ˿ԵģҪӣͲϲ˵õĻֱصٹٟRĸ˵һأĸƫ۶Լû˵˵ꡣ
һڳҲãѧѧİ㲻ٟRѧһ飬ĸĸ˵ľ仰ǵģ
֣̫ûС
Ҿ˵û˵ҵ꣬ҲŲġٟR˵˵ĸΪʲôô˵ң
֣̫һֳʽİݸߣʹ󣬶Сӣָ˵ʵ˵ûϸ롣ߣʱĻףˣֻ׵
ٟR룬ΪȻ
ƽ󳤹ؼƽأٹٰһᣬлʳſڣųƽ󳤹ȻԳ͢мλص۶̫ʵ۶ʮ׽ﳤŮҲڵ۶Ϊӹ룬ŮԺǰд洦ġ
ƽ󳤹ߺ󣬽ӱصԼİġٟRﵹм£ǰܾʷ̫ȻҪʦ顣
ٟRϢʮ𾪣ʷ̫һ䣬Ӵ˼ʧˣ
ʷ̫


59 
ٟRֱڿ,⻰հʸǺš
֣̫ҲһĿ鴤ģ
ʷ̫µٟRǾ䡰ʧĺ壬ֻǲţڻʼң⾹дͯ
ٟR㲻,ʷ̫Ļشġǰô,ôͻȻô,ëԼˣ
ɵ𱸣R,ʦò
ٟR˵,ڻûаʦ,ʷ̫ҶֻǴ󳼡
ʷ̫,⻰ΪڼҶ˹ֱдġŮӷƭйʲŸ,ԼΪѧ
Ϳҵ飬ͳˣٟR룬֪ҵ黹ҩ,ۼ
ʷ̫΢΢,ǰ̫óΪ½ѧʱʹæּŴ½ѧ֮,½ѧ֮£ʶǡ
пˣ
ǡʷ̫ӲͷƤ,ܲ˵ǰǹ,㽲
ٟRĨЦ,ԭһΪ,ǰʷΪǹ,Ʋ,Źȴġ
ʷ̫ҲǶĻºƤĺ񣬡ϳˡ
ɼ֮ͣѧʿҪǿЩġٟRȻʷԼҽʲôγ̣
Ӿѧ֣徭˶Ҫʥ˴壬ϳĵá
Ǿʹӡɡ
ʷѧ֮£ӡŵѾѡ챳ѧҲɡ
ʵҡҲԼˣȴⱾٟRûʷ̫ıǹȻ˵ĶʹĶҶҪɸˣʷȻȥΣýȽһԡҲÿƢԺϲϣ˵ǲǣ
ʷ̫޲ܳѺҩٲٟR¡ʷ̫Щ꣬û֪ǴĶ˵ġ
⻹򵥡СʱĶ飿
ڼҡ
ô
ǡش𵽴˴ʷ̫ѾٟR˼ˡĲãҲҪ˵ġ
ֻǣʷ̫״Ԫѧ壬ѧ˶ɽĶ࣬ͷһţоʹˣĵѧ
ƾλ˭Ҵ
ƾѧʶΪʦ
ʷ̫ŭ̫£
ɵҲ˵Ů䣬Դ󳼻Ҫģ򲻿ֱ˵
ٟRѾƳʷ̫ţĺɰӣʲôġʥ˻ʱҲȰô
ʷ̫˲ɢɸұʥˡҲûֻǳ˽⾭ʷ֮ѧԡѧ𡣡
ֻ˽⾭ѧ˽ҡԺѧ˽˽ˡٟR˵ʹӡʼ
ʷ̫ɵ֣̫ۡλҳɵ룬ϡɲú͡ҹŮö⣬͵øʷͷЩɫ
ɵ۰͸ϡʦͽ˵£Լ
֣̫Ҳװ˭ʷ̫ǰӵġ
ʷ̫λҳƫģҲֻգȥ
ʷ̫ߺɵ۲˵ʦԺҪЩġ
֣̫ף
ٟRǰƶ󹧣
ǰƺ󹧡
⻰Щ
⻰Щ̱ʷ̫Ҳҡɵ۵̫񲻻תôǹȽܣԵػ㣬ð
ҵöٟR׸״Ȳӡ
Ӵôǰô˵˵Ұ
ƲңһƲģٟRһС֣̬ȱʷ̫߰ٱǰû
ɵЦ㲻ǹôԭһͷ¡
ţԭһˡ
ɵʧЦ⻹һ˵
Ȼˡһٹ۲۲죬Ҫʷ̫ĸǰ̬ȣҾԭҪǻƲˣߡٟRһȻʷ̫Ǿʷ̫ùġ
ɵ۵㲻ѧǧǵĵôԵС˶˵á
ٟRпǶãǲ˵Ҳ
ʿôɵ˵
ˣǰˣ˼ҲûƵô
ɵۿڲŶ˵ٟRɵùŮŶһǣʷ̫ѧǼõģ̫ô²̨
֪ˡ
ɵ˵ҿʷͷġĥĲᡣ


60 
ʷ̫ٻ,ʹˣƾ˳죬ɵ֣̫󶼿ϰ,˵һ˳˳ӻס
ƽͯ,һٟRȡ
뵽ٟR˵ؼҺú׼ٵѧʷ̫һӱ,һ뵽ٟRǵ,ȻҪϲʣ
ʳӽѧ,ʳӶĽѧʶ
һ,Ȼ
ϾӡˢġŮӷƭ,ʷ̫һĬ,͵Ϊ˳͢ҵ
ʷ̫̫Ȼֹѧ򵥣,ÿζƵĺǵط,ߵײͷͷһ⡣
ʷ̫ǳٟRľ߲Ÿɵģˣʷ̫Ϊ,ӦöٟRһЩŮȨ̫̫Ȩ˵ùȥ,Ͼĸӹ
,ΪŮӱʱá
ٟRʱ֮,˵Ժ᲻泯
Ů,ٟRǹ,,Ÿ
Ҳʷ̫ëԼٟRѧԭ򣬾ͽƷԣ飬Ժ棬Ҳһˡ
ʷ̫һٟRĵӲóʱ״Ԫľ񱸿ΣҪٟRʶ
ȻҲٟRʲôë
Žһ˴˺ϲʣ
ʷĳԽѧ»ӡаٹ٣ûһ˵ʵģ
ʷ̫Ӳ߷߿׼˴ޡ
ٟRǺƽĸԼС˵ʷ̫Ҫҽѧ£֣٫h¶ɫչ￴ٟRһۣҶ֣֡˵ˣʷ̫ǲǽѧôͻȻֿˣ
ӱ֪ǰ򣬺˵
ٟRЦ˵ǿд飬Ȼ͸ˡ
֣Ц٫hչûסҲЦˡ٫h߽ӱԵʣӱҲȤЦ˵ǰϿЩơ
ʷ̫һͣӣĲŽвӡǸүүٟR˾յĲ롣
˾ǵ˽˵˵Ͱգͷɲ˵ܲӻǲүү档
ٟR䵱ҭʷ̫ü䣬ʷ̫ѧٟRûΪʷ̫ҲûйҲ硣ֻʷ̫ĲС
ٟRָſα˵ͰѿαϵĽ׾ˣˡѧһߣˡ
ʷ̫Ŀɿڴö໹вˣ
ˣɫȰˡٟRԴϵİͷмλϵʻλԼϵ˯⣬ˡ
ʷ̫߰ЩԼСЩǿʶˡٟRͷ֪ˡҪѧѣֻܸ˵
ھЩ˳鱾ͺܺãĺһͳ̫ԶٟRʴһӱ㣬˵ǲǣ
ӱѧϰģ˵Ժð׻ǽɡ֮ҲҧĽˣѶġ
ʷ̫ʣ˵Ļô
˵׻ȫöһ֮ҲҾˡ仹Щʣ͸ˡӱҲʵڡ
֣٫hѧϰǳѧߵĽȡ
չѧϰãڼҲл⣬ʷ̫ĿҲ
ʷ̫˵û뵽ǻô֪ˡ´ҵһ¡
ӱ˵ӱ˵ʦĿΣĺסʦҽ죬һǧ
ʷ̫ΪͬŮӼңƭǣҪӵˣ
ʷ̫þǺãþǲãʵѧ֪ŮѧҲʵʵ˵ȥ
Ϊʦ֮
ӱȴսʷ̫⻰ţʦ䣬ƭˣ
ʷ̫֪СƤܴȵĺǺһЦԼձ㼫һ룬޷Ҹѧѧʶ֮ʱ
ӱǿŲûۡ
ʷ̫ͣҶǺġٟR˵Ǿôţʷʦ»ɱôԶˡ
ţ»ǳｲ
һȺնС
Ϊܵ𾴣Ϊõѧʶϵţʷ̫ԵõĲӵٹͷһ콲ѧȻҪȥٹһ
֣̫˼䣬ʷ̫뼸λﶼã档ֻͷһ콲ѧЩˡ뼸λЩˣ´αܽͨ׶
֣̫ͺá⼸ҲǼĽ̫ѧʶģֻʱ̫˺ǵġʲôãҲԼȥɡ
ûûУûеġʷ̫ԼҲЦˡ
֣̫Ц֪ϲī˾¹īŲ˼
ʷ̫æл֣̫ͣīʹͣ˳
֪ǲǵʹ֮ͣǰܹٟRĵѣԭΪϿҪܵѣȴʮ˳죬Եʣ̫˾ȻʮĿ
ů촵ʷ̫۰ڣ鲻Խ룬ЩҲͦɰ


61 



ĵʮһ 
ʷ̫鶼ǽٟRʷѧ֪ʶ,ʷ̫߶߶۵䣬Ŀξ;ʶˡ
ʷ½һֺ鿪ʼǰʷ,ʷΪ,֪˥
ǰʷʳ̶ȫѷڹʷ
ٟRϲ,齲ǰ̫濪ĺңٟR˵,Ҳ,ôʱúõ,,Ӫ˽ס֮
ǹ,ͬѡ
пĳ𣿡
²ӦȽϣʹ̫ƽʢҲһһĻ,⻰𣿡
˵¾ԸԼ׽ϲ,˼ɡ
˵ĺܶԡҲ֮飬˭¶ԸԼ˽εˡ˵ſ³õ,ʵֻǶΪһʱܣֿϧ,˸̫̾ƽʢ,һ,ҳ˽
,ϧѽٟR˵
֣,,̫ˡʲôϧģǷ֮£ȻҪܹʹ
ٟR˵һ£֪꣬˵Ǿ֣ʵһ㡣ʼգ񲻿ϧ
Щ۸ĿҲͲϧˡ֣
ٟR˽ģŹݲſϧġ˵ﻰ²һʶȴ˶ľ顣
֣˵ⲻͬЩô
ҾǺͬ鰡ϣҶúõġٟR˵Ҫҵд̾Ҫһӵĺѡ
˵ʷû򵥣СаۣҲΪȤٟRʦЩյˡûоãʼյӣǽ
ȻеġŸ߰˶ǰʱĲɷ¡
Ҷһ򲻰٫h̾˵ǰŮڳΪ٣Ů٣͢Ĺٶ𣿡
ȻġŮΪٵ࣬ڽְŮŮ򹦴;֮¡ʵ۵ĽϮλƹ񡣡
ٟRʣܹܵ£ʵ۵ĽҲܹܰɣ
ȻG
ٟR룬ʵҲûʲôȤ۫Ҳ͹ܹҵĻɥ޾ۣͷϵҲûʲôǹܣжСеطԱ
ȻǲͬġҪ֪ʹڣƹ˵ĵ̶ңǳʵ۽ĺˡһӦ˵㡣
ǲ͸С͢Ƶġ
ԭˡ
ٟRͷζ
ҵʱαܻӱϣϳƳ
ٟRɣҸ˵
鼱æ£ûõ¸´˼ս˴£ǳ¿Եġ
ҾͦõİҲţŪ̶ð
Ͳ󣬻ͦս
ƹ깣شƫƧδԭ˹ȥвʵġҲǵؽã̫ûϡҲ֣ͦһ¶ˣ˲Ʋ˵սֵöѪ
һ뵽ʱȥġٟRλС첲Ҳϰһա
飺
ٟRӱ˵áҴû޺ãǸĸ˵˵ǰءԺ٣̹
ӱ˵ҪȴЩҾıʹ
֣Ƕȥ٣¶ô죬û˹ˡ
չ˵һѵ£¶û˹ô
Ҳǡ֣˵ȥĹٸɸɡ
չѧʱȽŮӲܿƾٰɡҿǰҲûŮӿƾٵ
ٟR飬Ѿ۳һͷ亹ûС⻹бģŮҲǲͬġ
Ϊ٣Ůǣ˷
ǰЩΪٵŮӣͲˣٟRڷʡ
кģǰĩ꣬ҲŮŪȨ𡣡
ٟRüչ̲סˣǰĩ꣬Ϊ׵ģӶ࣬ŮӶࣿ
Ȼӡ
Ǿˡʵ۵ӣΪ׵Ҳӣˣˣ㶼ŮӵĲǡҲ֪˭޵飬ô
չԴ絶ٟRİƳޣ˵ĺã
һİƣ٫hҲСĹƣչ˵رԣ
ȴһϧĿչǰʷĲˣպһ壬Ĳѧʿעǰʷܲù٣˳Ĳմˡ
ոĵС͵չʱһΣĲˣչ游
ҵ֪
ٟRֱ˵ʦ̫ˡ
ǣⲻðѿô֣ӱͬչ
٫hҲͬĿչ밲οչＸ䣬ֵչѹ
Цģⲻô
ٟRʹҲƲĶɡˣǹģɿû֤ݡٟR˵ʦҲֱ˵¿κĸǵġ
ǣǣ֣ӱΪٟR
΢΢һЦŵȡյһ裬Ƶֱֱǿɲա
˶թļһҭĲᣬڽƱ粻飬Ҳʵûչ˵Ǽ游֮飬ҲΪԣƫ֮
˵ǣ
βչԼ磬ٟRչ˵ˣǾ¡ʥ˶гʱ򣬺οˡд˵ˣѧϰӦø㼺ҪǶеĻһζɵѧ֪˼Ӧʲô𣿡
ӱ֣׵վٟR߶
٫hһԥͱ鿴˳ٹ϶롣ٹ֪ľҪӳķԸ̵ΪŮӣҪ˳磬ΪŮӵġ
֣֪٫hһʵû٫h黹ƫ٫hʹɫƳ֣һۣ֣۾ˣ
û
ûգûꡣ
֣һۣɴ಻գˣֱӶ٫hhһ߶
˼в˽ۡһׯϡ
٫hԥΣ˵ʦ˵ǰĵˡڡҴעͣԺǵµ
˵ǰҴҲ˵ŮӦ˳ΪҪҲû˵ŲԵ²˵٫hǰġҴļֵλ͡Ҵţʦ˽Ȿ顣
ֻõðɡǾɡ
ٟRˣʲôС'ǰ˵Ļû˵꣬ʦ˵˵û
ֻε¶˵ˣȻǶԵġ
˵ġǰյţΪ˵ĶԡٟRһȦԼС飬ǶΪԡŶԣǲԣ
ƫġһһ֮ʣ֮¹ŮͷϣǷʡȻˣȥúÿ»ؾͽŽǰ֮ʧ
һȥî˾ԤϰǱŵ½ڿΰ鲵ٟRҲомƣϸϸĥһأ¸пȻʷʦᣬʦ꣬ʷʦֱʵĲ񻰡
֮յٟRͺһö


62 



ĵʮ 
ٟR۶顢¶оͷ
ǳùο,ֻĲˡľȤľͷ
ÿ춼ٱġ
˶飬ʹͼƻǰ,ƷھʹͶȥˡٟRյҹŮ󳼼Ҿдӡ
ݴ,һǸٟR밲Ǹл鼮,ǿٟRдĺá
Ůھϵӣǵݵٹġ
ٟRСһ,Ҷܸˡ
,½ʷ̫֪,ʷ̫˵,£ó뵽һƪ¡
ʲô£ٟRʡ
޼ɷɡʷ̫˵ƪһ,Ǳ칫
ƪ޼ǣ޼ǵʱ,,˵Ǳ칫޼ɾ檣ſͣͳǱ칫˭
Ȼ,Ҷ˵칫Ķࡣ
޼ɼ칫,Ϊ칫ò㵹,硣
޼ɻȥѰ˼,ΪʲôſͶ˵ұ챱أ
Ȼ,޼ɵó,˵,ƫҵԵʡ˵ηҵԵʡſ˵ҵԵʡ
ٟRǰ֣̫ʷʦ˵ٟRЩˣ˵ҿǷңľҺã
ʷ̫²ǹֻƽŮӣдô飬˼Щ֮ô
ٟRû˵ʷ̫ʥ飬ٲд飬дֻռһС֣ɴҵĿ޴󶼼ڵϣΪʲôԵأ
֣ٟRˣ˵ǵ´ͷһɣдġ
ӱҲ˵Ȼдĸһģ׹ǵĪ
٫hҲΪٟR˵ûоĵŮӣһƬġS
ǰһдʱΪҪ˿ǡǾ룬ˣûдչ˵
С֧֣ٟRڴʷ̫Ĵл˹СȴҲûʷ̫
ٟRҲԼģЦЦ˵˭ûءǴ˵ҵдҲΪ˱˿ޡ˿ңҲˡ˼ҶףЩûͷġ
ʷ̫ЦʣҲһЦϳΪµѵµΡɣҲϳ֮
ⲻʲôֻҪǶԵĽ飬ҶġٟRܴȵıʾ
ʷ̫룬»Ǻġ
۳ٟRٟRûд죬Ǽ˻һ˸С磬֮⣬ٟRڹѡ
ҲǰٟR˽Сĵ۶㣬μ硣
ļ˶ţӱԼġûǣҪǲ죬ﺢ졣
Ҳ˸񣬳˼׼ģԼģߣֻ֮࣬ҲǴҵĸ⡣
ˣһ߸˵һա
ڶ죬٫hŸٟR˵¡
ƽ֮ŮμٟRС硣ϢģٟRͰ٫h٫hڶٸٟR
ٟRһʱûףʲôͷд飿
š˵ġ
ӱҲΧ٫h˵˵飬ӿġʣӴű壬Ŀɻˡ
˭ӣ۹ġ
٫hʡ
ΪʲôԭдΪ˿ġǰʹ͸ھҲΪôҶ࿴ȥٺòˡٟR⣬˵ʹƷƷھ翪ҲЩʡ
֣Ҳ˵ǰҲõȹˡ˭ӣòأ
ӱ˵ͷ仰顣ȵˣ٣
չ˵ҲҪ̫˵仰ͷͬһꡣҿҲû̫Ϊǵҵ˼ԵʣòźáȻִ󣬵ȹʹͽͷ̼Ҿڴ˴ε£ӡˢˡ
ٟR룬¼ڵ۶Ȼɵ۶ǵ۶ܸɵӣѲʹ۶ٟRЩġ
ٟRС˵Ҹĸ˵һһµĳûáһȥƣôһ£
ӱ˽٣ȻԸ⡣
ٟRȥ֣̫˵֣̫ҲӦˣֻǵðźеˡٟR˵ˣǻܿʲôѽҲڹųǴͷ˵ѣıǾˡ
֣̫˾ǵĻҾʹӦ
һһٟRӦУĸ룬˵ĻĻزˣ
ĸ˵Լļƻϳţȥӱţͻ
ͼӵˣȥʲôͲ׵
ȥ˳ңûɡ
аɡҴȥ˳˵һ֣̫̳һˣ˳᳤Сı·ͷ˽ӡٟR£֣̫һû
ΪٟRÿһĳȣҲȥ⣬ƽƽģٟRǻӡټٟRӱһȥûһ
ӣҶãΪ˶ٟ࣬R٫hӱһ֣չһ
ͶС̵Ůһû⡣⻹СҲǸŮԼһЩƷʳ
ٟRļ̣ʲôλá֪ٟRҪưҵǰ̵ٟRһС
ٟRһӭ̣ͷԼŮŮһϣƹһӦˡ
ƹԲϵٟRݣżѡ飬֪޹ϵıʶҲ֪ݣ֮ˣȻ޹СҪӭģĺ޲ܰȥ
֮ˣݾСġ
ǡſС
ٟRСͷȴǱҴӵм䡣
ƹڵǰٟRݸӣ˵ٟR߶ղȥ֪˹ض࣬Ҳ㲻ǰ
ٟRһģһġ
ٟRһֽѰЩ
ٟRʣǮһ
濴һƹƹԶԶС˵Ļɵһ
ٟRһ˼ֽϳˣ۸ҲʹáһۣƹЩ˵
İƹѼһ飬ƹǰٟRΣɺáƹصй˵ĸǼõġС궼ǵӡˣĿˣ˶ҪһֻĵۼãҲ׷Ч£Ͳǰˡ
ٟRôˡҪһ⣬ȤͬУ˼
ƹӦǡ
ٟR飬ֻһҲףԭǹģҲûӡôӡأ
ƹĵ׶ʱ飬㻰ʵʵ˵ǡ
ƹСصҲֻСһӡҶӡġ
һͷһҴͷӡģ㣡
ƹ̲Ƕҵ飬СİӡƵġʵҲʵãļõģ
ҶλٟRʣĶ飬ǰֻ͹Ʒϵھˡ
ƹ£Ҷ˵Ҳ˽ӡ˹µ׼ӡġ
ٟRλƽĸѾؼƽأѵ˳裿
ƹ˵ҲͲˣλдĹ°滨ԺĿǹµıơ
漸뿴ٟRƹһ˽ͷ˵Ƕǹµˣ⣬ҲǶ湫´ġ
ҲǶҺԶҪˣӡӡôʲôϵǹдģλƹһǶͬԹ߶˵ƣƽתĵؿ㣬Ʒȡ
ƹתٟRҲΨѪģĹͣǶĸôʶ
˭
ʲôʱ˳ӡˣ
ⲻӦթƭô


63 



ĵʮ 
ҵȻڵ,ٟRƹȥҡƹܲҵϾ޹ﶼҪСˡ
ƹʱҲҪ£ĵĸٟR,Ƕڶ,ȥѰҲСʱܵ,ҪСȺȿڲЪЪ
ǶСһڶ,ٟR͸Ծˡ
ƹŵ̧ͷٟRһ,˵,Ҫüġ
ٟRҲ,ɴ˾ǵ,Ƕҵˣֱӻ踮ȥҵҪ,˭ôӣ
˾ǰ
ٟRδҵ,м£ȥȥõ۶ŵǼλӹΡ
ȻҲͬһȥֻҲٟR˵˲֪⼸λԵʡ
˾ȫ,ٟRȥˣϾǼŮǰֻǿҡҲȥ,򷢸ȥ,ʵϸЩ,Ҳʲôˡ
ҪȻ,ȥ,ʲôĵġ
ٟR˵,ҲƣΧҸ徲ؽòĸ˴֪ʲô
ȻٟR˵˾Ҳû
ұһȥˡ
ߣխˣ಻ȸúݡҲһоһͷһٟR£Դ⿴ӱСڼƽأԭû۶Щأӱ˵߱ȳǶã֡
٫hԭǸׯֻСӰ죬Ҳ͸һˣ߿ߵͷȻͬӱĻ
Ѱ˼ҹӵģɡٟR˵
˾뵹ԣƫ·һֱΣֻգ˭Ҷһͣ޷Ǵ˼澶ЩλЩ
ٟR˵оһ
˾ЦĶһ
Լ˴ʱ֬ӲԶһ¥˾ȶ˰䣬ٟRڰϢٷԸŮȡ㣬üСһЩʳ
ٟR˵ˣͷĳʳҲ
˾ݣԲС
ٟRҲֻõðɺðɡǿ¥˳Եͦ㡣
˵޷ǼƵģǳˣҲԲߡ
ǡҲ˵ǳ棬ҲǴԼҵĵġʲôա
ٟR˵ղһãͳԵҰȤ
˾Ǽ׼ͷĶҲû֡
ĿǼôٟR˾ǣ˾ǵⲻصģš
˾Ѱ⸽ĹٸʱýŹýżӣý˵һ˵Ȥ¶
ý⣬ڸǰ¥Ĳ㣬Ħӣֻһɼݵ˵
ϱ⻹ŵӣӰӰ´¿壬Ҳ֪Ů졣
ƣҲ֪Ѱ˼ҡ
ӣýû˵ЩҰֻԼƽŵ˵Ҫ˵⼸ӣҲ֪Щġ䲻ǹסĵؽҲǱ籾ʵ˼Ҷ
ʹӶҹŮϱļҼҷãļӵ˵ĻȤٟRڹĶ˾˵裬ӡ
űиòŮ߳ӵݸýšýһϲæ˫ֽˣлл
ٟR䣬˵Ȥģ㡣
ýһҲûЩճɣһ⻰î˾ҪĹ̷̹
Ҫ˵߶ȥɳ˼¡˵Ǹ԰ŹģҲ˵ǰЩ׵ġãڽӣЩ֬ˮۡ⣬ҲáԭǶ˶һ㣬˼Ȣġֻǣûû׵ģ˵ĸˣҲûˡ͹µЩ
ϵ˼ҾЩޣµ˼Ҷɣò飬ҲϡýӸпһأҿ׬ǵýǮˡ
ٟR˵Ķ
Զ̡֬ý죬Ҫ˵ഺٵĴܲһӲˡҪˣ͵ڳıк˼ҿɲܴ
û۸ǣΪǣ
ûСʱʱŮ˾Ҳ֪ңӦЩˣҼϾ֬Ҽ˾ͼ޵ĸӵϳ¼ҡһƬҶ죬òҲЩϵˮҲ١˵ЩлУĶôǿǿءֲǻϵ¶
ٟR˵Ժ˵þи˵ЩϴƣƵӣˣһʱźã˵þ͵˻
ýһľ˵ҲңС򲻸ҡҲˣҲ죬Сӣ˵ӲĵһðӵϲҲˡ
ýС˷ġСҲޣܼӦĵطһӦ
ٟRˡ˾ȡʮýţȥˡ
ǰٟR˳ȥ֬ǰ˿δֱͣضǣ˳᳤ȥˡ
˳᳤ӵĻ׼ˣٟRصġһֱȵ磬Ҳû
Сӹ˵ǹǴһҪʻ˳᳤Եʣպ⼸СٽٟR⣬⼸ͶСһٰӾܴģ˰⼸˴ӹš
һֱûٟR˳᳤˳ȥѰһѰ·
ٟRһеҲ˳᳤˵ĶȥˣȵģΪǶġ
Ķᶪߣ²ܳһ죬ö䡣ٟRЦأ費ͷԶҶˡ
㱸ˡ
˳᳤Ըš
ŷٟRͰ˵ˡ˳᳤Ҳ̫ϸˡǼŮӣǳӻȻĶİﻹȥòõģӶԼġܱӻһʱܱӻһɣ
Ҳ˳ŵ¶ֲ鷳ܰʱͰһ¡ӴٟRʹڰˡЩ޹ˣҲ˼ҹĺá
˳᳤һЦʳҲû׷һƬġ
Լ
ٟR뵽ӵ£ʣ裬̶ҹ
Ҹź˵СͼСӡҲûϸʡ
ùţǡ
ٟRһ⼸Ҳһǣ̵Ķң
ˣһıɫۣ֯ͷŹڣͣҲʮһɣ߶һţʮһ궼ûУʮꡣ
ڼģٟRǣǽʲô֣˭ҵģ
мǸߵкӣҲ棬һ¶һͻЦһ˿ͽֺõζĻǳҵġ游٣һ֡
԰ЩǸ˵£Ȼ
ĵǸ磬ҲشˣҽžӢ
˳᳤ٟRȻгڣô£
ٟRȴѲµһǣ֪˭
¶һЦݣҪӶϵãڳ볤ƽƽҪٲ²Ǿװɵˡ
һ°ھ͹ˣ£밲ˡ
ȻžӢҲһ񣬵ӶɿȻȻҲµٟRݣžӢһƬãȻ¶η循ŵɫɼδϵ
ٟRǣǸҪðҵ⡣
ЩˣȻƤٟR͹ŸٟRͣ¶ǼĲԡб¶飬Ƕ˹ѧ飬Ҳʹ͡Ϊ۶Ǽӣǰլӣ²ǳˡŴСźͲĸ۶һţǵиƵķš
űµʹͣ˼Щ鱾⡣ڵ۶бǮᾭӪɣó죬Ų۸˼ȥѧͬҲÿ˭ȥŴ˵ƣڹ˻
ǲҾ룬Ҳ£ǱֵַĿ׬㻨Ӧ˹
ٟR˵ǵͦ㡣
Ȼ˵ҲͶû·Ҳ
̵ͷǣ
ٟR󾪣Ӧ׬Ӳ㣬⻹ˣ
εĺ޲Ҹطȥɶ˵Ҳֱ̫ˡɶǾôġ


64 



ĵʮ 
ٟRͷһƤС,Ȼʱȫˣ˼һҪС
ٟRͲ,һԲ,Ȼǳҵˣóž,ҵţ
һ⣬,ڷ,۶۫,в졣Ӧų,˼Ҳ֪ǹ´ɶԶˮⲻ˽,ûɶá
ˡ
ٟRһò˹ģȴʮֹԵȻ
ҵѵãٟR⣬,ҳڹ,ܴ˳Ӫأ
ȻĶǣҲ֪ô󣬵Żͦáʵʵ˵,ҲӲ磬һ˵ļҳ,Ӵû鷳¶
ã
ٟRǳ,,ļôӲ,Ӷ
δ,ʲô,ĸ⣬﹫˴š
ٟR棬Ǳһô
±ᡣֻ֪游ҵ£ĸţҶûϵԺи񣬲֪˭ұҲ˵۶ӿ֪ԭĸҲи̡ɵ۶̵ĶˣѾˣѵܹţʵ˵
ӴǾʹˣٟRʡ
Щ˼ǵ˵ͷ˵ĵƣǽԸΪ¼ҳ
ң⻰ɲ˵
£游ŮʮӣҸ׶ŮҲʮüΪֵܼ⣬ҸȡֱӾͽˡҲǸݣҪڳػãҲ۶ȫûҺ飬ֱ̹ʵҪȫ˵Լʧ档
෴˵ʱɫ̹ʱԲ˳һЩ
ҲУǶһڣҳأٟRʣǴžˣ
һͷ
˵䣬̴ӽ˵λС¡
ٟRЦãһ˵˵
žһɫᣬȴݣΣٲͷݣžǧꡣ
Ŵãýһ
ȻžӢ˶ĿžмҲеǣɼƽռȷϵ׽
žҲʮ˵ǳԵʣϼأ£ʮƶΪ˴ո۶·ѣѽʣˮҲˡ۶䣬ǵʵȱ˹ѧҲǼгӣǹҼйĸã㻨ھ֣ؽĸסù
ƽʱҲҪǮټĸ׵ùĿ֧ǱţﻹлǮӣЩ⣬Ҳнžһһʮ˵û뵽⣬Сʱ޷ôˣпɽӲۡǼҪȭŴܲ£ڵ۶ʵȨơҹѲʱż£¶ԳʮֹػмˣŵƣȲ֮
ǵοʣòһһĺãʱһ˫ĿǲٴȥͷأԲס¡
ٟRҲƲףлʣž㵱£û·ô죿Բ˻ô죿
ž̾ʱֻ룬һһ
ٟR̾Ҳǡ⻰ʵĶˡҪǻԵķӣ⼸Ҳڼٽ塣
˶٣ٟRʣŴˣڽΣ˶ʲôȼ
صµĻȥҶϵȣ괺ѾҲϵȡ
ٟRˣǶô
ѧž˵ʽصµĻҲСѧǵڶ
ȻصµĻңѧ飬λ
žӢһۣ˵صµĻңûѧһλү飬˵ܶ鲻ףһҪùѧ
žϵȲ֣žģ֪ǸģθеˡȻɼôãǳϡ
һԲ治ôġλȻ˵ŵڣġ
ٟRΣҪֳȥǾˡδϧ
žӢСž˺γ֪˼һľս
ǼȽҵ壬㲻ܰ׽衣
ž⻰Ļ̵ۣ·Ը
һܸΥ¡
Ȼ򲻸ҵġ
Ҳܸʧ¡
Ʋᡣž
УڹﲻǽҵĶ磬⣬пɻ˽ҵ£
ž˵δд¡ƤδܱĶ£蹫
˵ˣһҪҡ
ǡžص·ԸҲ⡣
ٟRƣǾ⼸ʮֲףССͣвѧԺһΪڴϣδϧ
ٟRôŰɡѣ׬ЩǮ֮٣ҲͲˡԺǰĸѧϰϣ˺ɷ򣬳ͭʲôȤ
һǣٸٟR˸ʵĴͷٟRһ֣ȥɡ
Ůǳȥ
˳᳤ʼնû˵ʲôº󣬷Щˡ
ٟR˵Сʮ꣬ʣ¼Ҳʮһ꣬ˣôţҪʮĸôɣǲܰݵġ
⻰ô˵˳᳤Цʡ
ʮǿɹƭʮһͶ·ٟR޿Ĺ¶׾ֻøڷжʮһ꣬޸ĸԼڣҲ޿ɹƭʡٸ͢¡Ҳˡǰɡ
С˰˵ƫԼһ˳ṫ㲻ٶԡ
ȻٟRҲǶ˶ô
һ뿪Ī˵ˣžĺ˿֣һ߶Ŷϸһ߶˵ԣС
žǣѽĵܸܵϣ֮ԷǶԵ£Ҳ֮ˡڵ¿̹ϣˡǡ
žӢϣиߣɫתãҲ̫ˡ˵磬ԺǾǹµļҳô
žӵƹŶͬԼֵԲŹЩȻ¶Ҳˣ
Ȼ˵˼ûͬ⡣
ǰҳԵʣȷǲҳġ
ž⣬磬Ϊʲô
Ҳӵܣǹ֡ǵۣôֵʹ̾һҰģҲʣˡƫݣ಻ˡ
ǰǶŶݻġȻֵǰЩ΢΢һЦ˹ĹԵ׶ʱ˼˵£ҿ²Ϊҳһ˼ڽǶѧԺҲҪıְ˾ȥΪҳԺǨ
Եʣʡ
Ȼͷżѧ۹ٳʮֽ١ңиĽ
ϹеԲϦһơҪǵҪҵЧңҲԸġ
˵ԳΪǵʵ࣬˽ݵһһܡ׵ûΪǹ
ȻϦͬһɫı߶
ž޼ҳ֮ŵµĺãԺгϢܱµһա
С˶˴Լһãǡ
һͷССϵžӢҲţίʵǸĺˣûдǣǵĹΣܹǡ
ؼҺĸӹ³ʲôʱžӢĻǣҾͿһۣû̫壬ǾţȻϵŮÿࡣJ
ӷ𡣡
ĸڷǰٟR㣬лٟRĿ


65 



ĵʮ 
һ,£ٟRǲ
ع·ϣӱٟRӵȥ,˵ͷҵĺ,ӱԼҲңҲˡֻǵøǸ,Ժ¹黹û꣬Ǿˢˢˢȫ͵ӡˡ
ǵ,¡ٟRʮִ,һЦ֮,,ƷϵھҲ͹ˡ´ͬǽɡ
عɵҲٹ,Ůеǰȥ˳ṫЩʳ
ٟR˵ˡ
ٟR˵,˾ϸ²䡣
ž˵,֣̫ͷδ˵ٟRĲԣ˵,⼸ͦлԵ
ٟR˵ǳܽΪ͢Ѫ,,ˡͷͦ׵ġ
׬Щ޷żҲҪһ,һ,˽¡֣̫,Ǳȫһ,ҲǱȫǡ
š֪ġٟR˵ǸﳼƵģʼա
֣̫һЦʷû׶
һɡҪʦ̵ĺáʦܽϻٟRӲ˵ʦ
ɵʣʷ̫Σ
ҲСȻе㲻ʵãǶԵġ
ɵЦͷһؼ˵ʥ˵鲻ʵõġ
ǶԵģҲ̫ˡٟR˵ʥǽҾţƫ˽ġʲô¶̫ûζˡ
һʱ̫ҽԺԺй֣ٟRձ߶һ𿴣СС¶ǣǿ˵Ϲӹתôôֲˣ
ͣӹǶˡ֣̫˿֣̫ҽˡ
ٟR˵Ϲúˣ̲ļڡ
֣̫һЦǰ
ٟRֻһεĳȣ߶ƽ£޷Ǿǲҡ
ҲˣﱲТھ¼δּ⡣ͼǹңٟRȥ밲ʱٟR߶ǸǾʮëҲٟRˣ۶ֱ˵ģٟRŴﱲܲ𸴡
ٟR˵ʳĸʸʲ͵ˣ
㸸ʻĸġԵƫġ
ʾͲƫˣһƫô
㸸ǻʵۣҹŮһôΪģƫ
ôҸ磿
黹棬ĸĸʱʡ
ٟRʵܲ߶߶ֻʡ
¶ôȥٟRʵĸףܲĸ߶ûԵˡ
֣̫Ҳһ
ҪôͺˡٟRҲĸױģָʹʣǸԼʲôһ
֣̫ٟR̾ģЦҲֵ
ҾͳĸƫҵٟRÿǸҧһڣɳʲô͢Ҳûּ˵ıʹֻûͲʹˡԼѰ·Ҹʹˣ⻹ô
֣̫Соȣô뵽ģ
ŵѽ游ȥĲʣȥǶûͣôܶͲʹ͢ͿҲûǾԼȥı¡ģŪʹ¡
ٟR˵߳Ǹ⣬򵥵ĵôء
ֱ֣̫Ӹĸ˵ˣαң
Ҫʾ˵Ǽٽĸ壬Ƕ಻áٟRе㶪ˣǻҹҲңҲͲˡ
֣̫˵ˡ
ȥֺ밲ٟR¸ĸ˵ˣĸ׹Ȼʮֻϲ˫ֺʲ𣬡㸸ʹ͹ְֻҪԼı٣Ҳˡ
죬ٟRʲôʱĸʵģô֪
㹦æĸ߶߶һǧ˰ٻء
ЦĶô⣬Ҳʮ⡣
Ķ䶼ˡٟR˵Ż䡣
õĸԣ̸⣬ġÿӣǸģȲҲûζ
ָ⣿ٟR棬չȥ磬ҳһڡ
ģġãѾݵߣٟRҧһڣɫŹֵȥôɶŵƵġ
ҧһڣǡ
ٟRЦ֧˭ģвšǲ̣ⲻôĶǵİ
ҲЦ
ԼһڣǡŲסҲЦˣٟRƫ˵»سǰ˵һЩĸҿ˼Һòá
ٟRæþհɡҪҰڳ̼츮ĸʱͺÿˣıɶʹɶʹ
ޣ˵һ룬ıʹҪٟRĻ˵ǾԺ˵
ĸ˵ˣԺʲôֱҰ
ҲǷôֲ㣬̫ϲҲ֪֪
ٟRչˣ⣬ⲻͦչˣƽʱЩЩˮ͹ȥĸҲ˰
̫ԱŷĶ
ǾЩߣЩġ
룬ݶŮģǸк󸣵ģɴ˼ʻǵٹá⻰Ҳеͳ
ĵóϡĳ顣
ܲô룬ҲԼбʴʧ˷ִ磬ٹȻСС¶ҪùŮΪѯء
ٹ֮飬ҲΡ
º͵һϣĸ׺˵˶Ƥһ·˵ٴ죬ֿȤ
ٟR⻹治֣̫ɲ䲻ȣҲ˵ЩߣЩԼľģ֣̫ɲϲҲЩ
ûãһС¡
ǰ֣̫õֵڸ󳼣ֵȸ󽫾й֡ʡһ𣬳鵱ֵ
֣̫ͻȻĳ飬Ҳû֣̫Ƴһܵó켸ΣҲǹнֵԵ֮һ
ȴǲ鵽нơJ
ݵǣƵĽСͷ첻ˣ֣ĳ֣⡣
ѰûƷ׵ĽҲơ
ڸ󳼡󽫾顢̶ˣ¶Ȼá
ڶգ³ʱ֣̫
ɵۿĸɫã˵ᣬҹ˵ֻСͱˡ֣Ӳã֪ô£вյģοա
²ϺǹҲúѧЩ֣̫˵
ɵ۱δԡ
ѧٹ֣̫µʱ䣬СҲÿʼѧϰ֮¡
ٟR֣Ҳһ
֣̫˵£ӵĿ֪֣ĸĸ壬Ҳ˵ⲻˣд׶ۣС
δ֣̫ʡ
ĸ˼ѵ⼸䣬Щٺ»
ٟRţֳԵ֣̫ʣR˵أ
ٟR˵ǱĲʹϵаΣԵЩˣڸ󡢴󽫾й֡ʡһץסҪôУ
˵ôϣ֣̫ʡ
ǶˡɷôžôšٟRԵֵ֮·ǳڽֵƣⲻɵô
ɵ˵Ͼݡ
ٟRɲʣݶˡѵݣĵˣݽ飬ѭ˽ﶼûˣ
ɵ˵ʱ˵Ҫζô
ôһأҪ˽¿ɵ㼸ˣҲû֪ڸ󡢽й֡ʡˣ⻹ôƫٟRĸĸ˵ǲǣ
ɵ۸հգҲ˵㡣
֣̫˵֮£ѭ˽
æӦˡ
ɵۿĸףӻСһǵһǡ
֣̫簢RףǷɵ
ɴá


66 



ĵʮ 
֣,ٟR˽»֣ͬ˵һôôɵֵơG
֣է⻰ʮ,ô游ĸڼ˵,ڽҪĲС
ûȥĸùеֵڸ󳼡ĳййʡһ쵱ֵ,ץšٟRҲ֣ͬĸ,֪ͳˡҲȥ,Ҳ㷸¶
֣,Ҹô,ڼҶپƺȲã
˭˵ء
֣ٟRɫ顣ٟRҲƳ,˵ô飿ڹٶ֪ˡ˵żѭ˽,½ҹȥ
֣,ҲϾаΣ¡
֣˵游һֱ,֪»Ҫ
Ҳ̫ʱʲôԺĺ,˼һ˵ӻͷٟRҪ֣еɵ,Ȼ,ܳһǵһ,Ҳ֣Լĸڿ,Щ竵ġ
֣Щ,ٟRðΡ
ٹǶԼɵҲҪȥϢµģͬ˰ɡ
븸ĸ׽ǰ̸ϳ֮ҲŰʵȥɵλڱ߶ɵ˵ǲǴĲĸ⣬Щա
˵̶Σ˵Ҫʰ룬֣ţĸҲ֣ͣ£ЩãǸ֣ҵĶ䡣ɶĸȫѭ˽Ҳû֡
ûʲôɵµһ仰
º̸ͣԳϣС˵ģһģҲԸ֣Ҷ䡣
˵ûָ֣ݶ䣬ûдᴦ֣⣿
ͷ
ɵ۵ǽ̵Ĳûд˶ϣһʰľοһʰľʲôأ
ǣʰһζòʰһ
಻ףɵ۵˾ǰȻĪ˵֣ӣǻ˽ĲʹвҲǸôôȻû˵ǰΣˡ
½Կˡ²ˡ
ˣǸΪʲôҪ˵ᴦ
ΪʰΪҲ֣ҹѫĸҲΪ֪Ͳȥġ
˵֪ĸá
ɵ۵Ȼ֪أĸֱ˵س֣⣬ĸܺùأ˼ұκ˶ף²ݹϢ
һʣҪǻĸϢأJ
ɵ۵Rһ仰˵ĺܶԣǱ󳼡󽫾й֡ʡһģǸǲסġѭ˽䴦ˡʹĸҪѭ˽Ҳѭ˽ΪʷйֱĴ󳼡
ЩסЩl븸ͬӦԣɸ֪ôŶԣ¡
ɵͷ㻹СӦԲ޲Ϊߣʰ¡ֻҪ£֮ܳɡ
˵֣ջ˼ңҲӴЩȥĪ֣֪У֣ⲻˣֻʵ˺ˣʹ
ɵۼһͨοá
ձǰɴõģ֣ⱻ˰Ӹ˲ʹؼҡϹҲһƷףٺһ꣬λ󽫾Ҳ˷ٺꡣ
֣ӹǲˣ̫ҽҲ֪֣սĻûС֣̫Ҳ֣ҩ֣˽˵
˵õĸһֱǣ֣Ĳ飬ĸߵʱ䳤οĸЩ
֪ٟR˵
˵֣µȱ֣ӵܣкʵģ֣ӵܶˣҲһġ
ٟR˵ඪ
ʲôĺòʹҲ֣ңݣĶ衣Ǻ⡣
ٟR˵ﷸɵ˲ʹ֣ӣٸһҾͦҪңʹйϵҲñ¹ˣС
֪ҪǿЦĶ˸ƵġĹٶ͵ġӵΪ٣࿿񣬲Ϊ档
㣬ڻĸǰ˵֣ˣ˼Ҷء
ɶģֶѣֲӡĸġ
Ц죬˵㡣˵ģĸˡG
ٟRСԴ˵֣Ӳ֣ȱ¶ĸ˵˵ɡû׼á
һȥĸ˵֣̫󣬡Ҳˡδרŵĸ֣ӣ֣Ƽӵܡ
ٟRĸ֣ңҲԼһŴ֣⣬ǲЩ᲻档ȥü⣬Լû¡
ԭΣһһĴ£ΪϷ
ȷ¸ȫ
ٟR¼Щ顣


67 



ĵʮ 
֣֮¾ʹ˽ҹ
֣ؼ,ﻹһأ֣֮µ̬ȡ֣̫ĸ,ʲô
֣ٷ˵,Ҳǣ̫ÿٴæ,ôС£Ҳ͹۰ˡ
֣,֣ٷ,˵ʲôûУҹ̫ߡ
֣,˵,Ҹ紿ⷸɵҲûô
֣ٷϡ棬⻹ʲôôɣû游֪,̫ҽ֣˵,ⷸɵë,ҲǸʱѵָһȥ᷸дгһǵһǡ
֣ٷ˿Ц,ǴȤġ
ǡԸ˵ʱ˵ģǰοҡ֣ٟRϵһֱܺ,ٟRϹ,˽¸˵¡
ͻС,ǿ໰
˵ʲôˣ֣׷ĸס
֣ٷ˴˵˵,˵º,Ȼơ
ͦƵġ֣ڹʱʳӼ,˵ֹºƽ׽ˡ
֣ٷ˵ڹ£ұˡ
ʲô°е㶪֣̲ס²Լ磬Ҹ¶ɵģ˶ɲ¡
Ҳù䣬յδԡ
캮ഩëѣ˶ԣ³Ծơ֣ҲۼңȻˣҪǰġ
Ҳƽ̫ɷ֣ٷ˰Ůԣ㸸׷˺ݣҪǰЧ
ĸǰ
ء
˵Ǳ߶ֺͷô۶ҹҸ綼ܲסܵ˱صϺ֣Ծң֣ʱڱڱص֣һҡ
游㸸飬Ҳûӡ֣ٷȻ᲻óӣԺζҪгӼϣҲûηԡ
ȥҲ꿪ɡ
Ҳô˵游Ҳȡ
֣ȥ游밲ʱ游Ҳڹòá֣ͦõģ游µõΡ
̫ĸµõĺ챦ʯ˵Ҳ׸ţ͸ǴΡĽˡ
Ľʲô֣齼ʡ
Ľܴҡ游ⲽҡÿ̫СʹҲֻ˫ߣֻСĻΣҡҲס֣Ц۾䣬̫ҽԺûͷİ취̫ҽԺҲûķӣƺü졣
֣ҲȤ𴽽ǡ
ûٳ
ûһֻܳһ졣
ֵĹڣת붬ˡ
ٟRһͻ϶ëë߶ȹ׼ٴγÿĳȣõҪ֣̫׼͸֧ƵðѺʮĶ͸֧ꡣ
ٟRѡ˸ӣ֣˶ؼңӱظȤһֱٟRڹסţʱΪ顣
ٟRҲûضĿĵأϲֵؽڵ۶֪˾鲻ȥ㣬ٟR˵Ǻãʲôÿġֲᡣ
ᣬҲȥ˾Цƽʱᣬ߶̼Ķ࣬Ǹֵؽݷ˳ȥҪȥͷ֡
ٟR¡
ӱҲ˵˵ǼƽزࡣƽҲǣ±߶ϿˡǶԵĶһĿ꣬Ǳ߳ӵտɺˡ
ٟR棬ôͷˣû𣿡
û¶ӱ˵ǳд±߶ϲݶ֣ԵƫƧС£Ҳġ
ٟRʣ裬϶֪ĸ±߶ְɡ
ĵ¡ǧʷҲǻʼƽܵǻʼ𡣱߶Ǽֵġ˾ǰٟR˵ãɲܣȥ̿Ҳء
ͷİɡ⼸سĻܹٟRظƱ
˾һЦǰ˵áΧ壬Ȼֵġ
ٟRԽ
ڶ죬ùţȲĴĸŽӱ˾ǵһȥˡ
ٟRͿϧҲż٣ȻҲܽһȥ
¾ȸָڵϣٟRֱȥ۶˶࣬ŮһѣЩۣɵ۶Ҳ߹˳У˶࿴ۣΪ档
ٟRǼʶ˵۶֣磬ɽϵĵѷ׷Ӹֵ˲á
ʳһǿ꣬ʼȣٟRԹӲǱ̻𹴳Щʳ
һҵ꽫̯֧⣬ŵƿǣڵˮһ֬ɢ
ٟRֱ߶ϿҲûͷʣʲôʳģ˾˵Ӧļͷ
ź㣬ȥ
ճԹš
һζͶˡٟR˵ţӣʽӱӱ˲
ӱҲǸְģֳܶԵģ볢J
Ǿǡ
ٟR˵Σǽԡ
˾˵ǵŲྻ
ٟRݣӦýߵĺܣҲӦĶི޲ǣƫ֪Ķһִַš벻⣬û¶ͷôܸǼءһڣûȥѰȥĵ̡
ӱĿ˵裬޷ġڼƽأҲͷʳԶ
˾ǵһû˵ꡣѵǶûͷ÷Ķô
ٟRζû⡣
ٟR˵ϻȥǼҵҲ޷
ϻز¥а䣬ǿ롣аģ
ΪʲôŮλӣٟR˵ΪҴϵĻŮӲͷ¶ô
˾ǵʮķͱˡҪǰĶŮ죬ǵʳ̯ŮҲһĶ࣬γηηϼʲôŮ졣
ٟRԭҲһҪһ⻰˾˵ǽҾһס˵ͳȥ
˾º͵˫ͬ˱⣬ٟR󣬡ˣҵȶ׷С㡣
ٟRһЦСĸ𾢶ѧо˵ţ
Ů̴һѣ㶼ٟR߽ȥ


68 



ʮ 
һڵ۶˵ƽƽʳ,ⲻȴҲֺּţָˮ׼һһĵ̡
ֶܼ,ϰƹ,żҳʳ̡
ٟRһжʮӣһ,дļƶЩز񣬲֪ޡڵ۶߷ǸĹ,ҲͰо̻,ֻ,δŮ㡣
˾ٟRŶ,иϳǰǧҪСòô
òѵۣ˾ǵ,ѰŸɾӣ˶ࡣҼСԵĸˣġ
ٟRС,һļʽ
ǻæ,ŵɾĨȡҪٸΣ˾һ֣ȫæ,ѩ׵ĽŮһ,ٟܿRʰɾ,ٟR
ٟRôһ
,Ƿɢ,γɹ֮,֤ٟRİȫ
ٟRʻ,ʲôԵģ
ƹ˵ۼҵСҸȡۼҵͷͷͷзͷͷͷͷмľٺ֦ԲͰСʮ
ٟR˵Щ
СûԵķԸλСС㣨ٟRߵ곤Ůʹ˾ǣҲû˵æһ䣬תȥˡ
߶Ķпͣ˶Ůǿߵģ֮ǰҲһЩŮӣ䡣
ٟRųίʵǣҲֻҭ°̾䣬֮
ƺܿ콫ڵϣ˾һȳٸٟRԡ
ĳʳȻûйｲ
й֣̻Ҳϲ
ٟRԵĲ࣬ÿһڰˡ
ӱͰĴͷˣһСͷ
÷ͼǶС۾⣬һкˣʷʦʦҲԳʳ
ֻ΢΢һ㶣Ӽ̶¶֮ɫ
ʷֱ̫ӣ۵˵ϡ
ʷ̫ͷЩûһӲͬʯͷᷴӦ죬ٲǰЦһ֣СҲ÷
ţҽ·߶Һ֣ȻʳĲٟRʮ֣λʦһã͡
ʷ̫һҲ˹ѹô÷
ʦǳԵãҾͳԲˣٟRЦأ߶λŮѾָָʦ
ʷ̫һĵطϽذɡ
ҸڵļͷվųԣٟRǵҪ˭ֱпھ
һЦʷ̫һ£Ҹʷ·ģһˡС۹涾һֵĳʳӣŵʵݡ
ٟRһ䣬ͦ˾ǵ裬ٽлЩµģʦǳȺġ䣬óȵĲůͦ͡
ʷ̫飬㻹Եȥ
ЦͣһǮȺ£ܳԲȥٟRЦʷ̫ùЦģôһţ
ƹ»꣬Ȳˮ̿ӼҲʷ̫һˡٟRͣҲθڴĳϢһ˳ӼͷһС˿ɡ
ȣʷ̫ǾںдϣɶԲ¡
ٟRҲǿԼյȿڲ裬΢΢һУʷ̫ʷʦ֪λô
ʲôö˶˵ģ
ٟRƳʷ̫ŽӲЦȥǲҪˣҪ˼ôüչġ
ʷ̫⻰ĲᣬΪ˭
˭֪Ϊ˭ԼΪļͷϿζٟR˿Ӳ飬ʦͷɣ
ţ佴ͷǿθԵ㡣
ٟR˵ʷ̫ʷʦ졣
ңң죡ʷ̫ٟR磬յ˵ͷʱô
Ͻ裬õװһϻӼͷСˣʷʦͻؼȥɱˡõװýʷ̫Сˣ˵͸ʦʷġ
ԹʳٟRҪ䡣
˵ȥӣСҪҪһȥƣԵ˵
ҲȥҼҺĺܡٟR˵ҵһߡ
Ȼû˵ٟRҲֱ𣬱ϾٟR٣Ů٣ڹг뻹ˣͷ²һ֪
мأ⸮򵼣Σ
⻰ͶٟR⣬á
ʷ̫ðòأȰЩعŹˣ
˾Ǹʳ͵СֱѵϲĲ֪Ǻã۰ͰٟRֲҽǰԶԶĹ¸ٟRͷ
ٟRĵغãæ˵ʲô⳯ʳȷĲ
ٟRӱ˵Ц߳ʳӣʷ̫ڱ߶ɥĵؿٟRɨˡ
ʷ̫ҲһٟRɴ˵ҪߣҪͿɥʲô
ʷִֵ̫أǧ֮طȥǼªط÷иô
ʷ̫Ļû˵㱻ٟRһߴϣٟRЦվضҼҵģȥıˣҲȥģªǺݣҸҲ֮ͦأ֮ҳŶкôȽӦ
ٟRһ𾴣ͻȻ֮䱩СƢʷ̫ŸᡣٟRлҪС̶ƵĶʷ̫һͨ磬Щ¾ظĻͬҽҿɲ˽Ϲ
ʷ̫һֱͣӽٟRѵҭ˸ͷ
鳭վһϣͬʷ̫ϰǽ̹˴ºɣ֪λСƢ
Ŷ


69 



ĵʮ 
ٟRʷ̫һͨ,ʷ̫չʾڳ߹ٵɫѾ׽ӵתΪƽٟR꣬ŵľ,ֱ˵,ˮˡ
⻰ҲٟRҭһͷ
ٟRϣҲûôԶ
ʷ̧̧̫,ʣʲô
ٟRһ,
,Ժۡʷ̫,ٟR߶,Ѿ˺ٟR߸·,Сһкʦߣ
ԭǳͬʷ̫ٟRһк,ԭԽеȻ޴,ӭʷ̫Ǵߣָ˼ҹӵĴ
ʷ̫ʮ꣬˹λ,ɼᣬȴʷ̫
ƯĴ΢΢һ,ʷ̫Ȼһ,ߵٟR,عȵ˾,СȥĶϻû,ߡ
С
ٟRǰ,ʷ̫ҲӡңٟRȥĶȥĶ
ٟRϲʣ㻹Ͻȥ״
ʷ̫΢lҲ߯СϷôС£ֵϷϱ
״ɼƷٟR˵ҲøңҸʦȥõطȥ
ʷ̫ɶطʦȥãҾȥãȻͷˣȥĶȥĶھͻظȻǸ˵ġ
ٟR˵ǰûʷʦôͻȻҪˣѧƤˡ
ʷ̫ӲأүȻҪСߡ
ٟR첻ʷ̫ǻһӾˣ߶ְɫˡ
ʷ̫ϣû壬ׯϡ
ٟR飬ʦ˵ʷʦû壿
նˣڻš
ʷ̫һѪûϣȰСһˣ̫ƽʢģϾͿ¡
ٟR͸Ͻߡ
ʷ̫ƽͷһ⣬ҪǶ֣̫ɵۣ˵裬ԵǶٟRͷϻС黨Сǹ㻹ܸôĹˣƢ
ʷ̫εȺ죬Ц÷ģĶǿЦġ
ٟRһ֣˵ͱҡϲ˸߸˵ġ
ٟR˵ʱʷ̫ӲĴһȻִֵ¶һΪЦݵɫ
ٟRĵɴ˫è۶ǲ˼顣ʷ̫һָݣ˰ɣ
ٟR𱸵˵ⲻͦӦġ㱾ǸظˣظĿءسŵʷ̫һȥˡ
ٟRҲĻˣǵ⣬ݼȥǳϳ£ݼһߡһ ڽһߣɶ棬ģϸĵʸļ۸
Ҳ⣬׾ɫƷֵĲͬ࣬ʹͬףҲоס֮֡ͣͣ͡͡͡ҲͷһS
ʷ̫һز׼ۣͬ˵׼ۻƽȣȥ롣
Ҳ˵һЩҲ⼸꾰ãׯڲճɡ
ʷ̫ϵ¶ϣϾ֪ˣ飬һζųͬϵȵģѰģˮҵģ˵ͷͷǵ
黹μۡ
ٟRĵʣûʲôɣ
ɡ˵ҪһΪףΪ
ʷ̫ٟR˵ĸͨףͷÿæµͼ±ԵΣ˲ǼûƽģҲʮҪ
Ҳĺ棬¾ţʷֻ̫Ҫظ˻пȡ֮ġ
ҲٟRͣѰĵطľ¥ʳļΪ¡˾ǵ㿴˵ӣС㰮ʲôʲôС͡
ٟRǺԸͣʱֱԩͷĸо˵ҪʦͣҲӡ
ʮָɴ࣬ûǮҲǽС㶫磬ĵ¥һ١
ٟRʷ̫ʮþȣƤǽͲˣֻ˵ϲʲôЩ񫡣
Ի˵зӣзз̡
ٟRĿˮֱ۷Ź⣬оֱз֪
˾ǿٟRһۣܳ
ٟRźĳ飬û¶ҲԣҾζʦԡ
ʷ̫ͨҽ˵̫Сȷܶʳзࡣ
ʷ̫ͷ˵ӡ¾òٟͬR˵Ҳܳԣƾġ
Ȼ˵ʵҲóԣζһ㡣
ٟRֹʮֻʷʦϹŰǹڲ
Ϊʷ̫ܵ졣
ٟRʣʷʦ֪Ϊʳԣ
ʷ̫ٟRʰģȫſˣЦǺǵԳһ壬ַʥˡѹ˵ǣݵһζϡ
ٟRҲԼԵ򣬻صٟRҲ÷ʲôʲôƼĸззûϣԵĶõˡ
ٟRǲӲ˳ԡ
鿴겻󣬳Զͦ㣬˾Է̣ȫЩųùٟRЩˣ˵Ϊٵ£ǺѡȺ˾ʱѲҰҲûԵĳʳ͵Ѱʯͷһ֧ɱͷ򣬰Ƥա쳣ȫ
ĵ¥򣬱һɫĺ򡣡
ҳǲٟR˵յҲá
ӱٟR˵ʲôʱȥҼ򡣡
ţǿ˵ˡٟRǰһзӣ飬зóԣ
ǵˡ
ٟR˾ԺȥӱҿĸԹȥתһתһݵз
ҿɣӱⲻ
ʷ̫˵£أĶȥ͵ô۶
뵽ʷ̫ĬĬ⻰£ʶȤĲɨٟRˡСŮ쿪
ù緹ʷ̫˼ٟR䵽һֱٟRǳعݽ˹ſڣ˷۷ؼҡ
ٟRعʱЩˣɵ඼ٹɵɫÿ˵޶ҪɽȥѰˡ
֣̫ʣŻ
ٟRˣͬǼ˵ʲõģҽʷʦʦһ𣬿ǳ˲ټʶѧ˲ٱ¡
ɵۺ棬ôһ𣿡
ŵģλʦ˳ʳʳ򵼡ٟRЦеأõ˰ɡɺˣҽ๬ûеѧʡ
ţҶٟRһľʳʲôͷһݳʳǮ͵۸붬۶Ľʲôģ಻ࡣ͸סĸֳ
ٟR˵磬»һȥɣͷ˼ˡǶ飬Ϊѧô
ЩĶǵÿĸ˼
ɵ֣̫󽻻ɵЦհգԺðһšȻ밢ӱŮӣ˼ǹҡ
˵ͬסĸлٟR˵Ժһ¾ҪһΡ
֣̫ôͻȻôˣ
ٟR˵ĸʣǶ֪ͷǺܺáڽϣֻżŮӡ̫ƽʢֲǰңŮӲҳŵʱ򡣡
ԣҾҪţŴҸһĵ۶ķٟR˵øߴһͷ̫ƽˣŮҲܳˡ
ɵۻɣȥɣ
ٟR棬ʣΪӦ¡вõķǾҪͷȥʷ̸̫ҵģʼҵΪ±ʵĵ


70 



ĵʮ 
ʲô,ٟRԶɳ֣ңЩûʵ۶
ı۶ʲô,ɵ۾Ͳ,ͷûĳɷ֡
ڶ糯ʷ̫ɵ۵,Գ»ɵƽʱסѵ¹ƫϳط,պҲлʷ̫
,ɵʷ̫Բ,ȥ滻˳,ʷ̫¡
ʷ̫²յվ,Ŀׯϣһڱǹ˵ǧ֮ãֱ߶߶һյĹ,˵ùй䲻׵
һݹ,ȳ⣬ʱ֮ӡ
ɵ֣㹫˽龭֮ô˵,ദĲ
ʷ̫һӵĿˮҲȰعš,Ȱ,ֵĹΣ,ڹ߻,һ·͹˹,鷽۷ؼҡ
ʷ̫ľ߼ʶ,Ǵ£ͽҲмءϰǳż˽Щ龭ãڵѧϰ档
ɵۺЦʦͽ˵Ļһһġ
ʷ̫ɵۺ⣬Ϳɵۣɵ۵ع˵鳤˲ټʶ˵Ժÿ¶ҪһΣʶʶ񲻶ǵĹͣ
вɴӦʷ̫ŮӼңˡϳ죬ŮӼңǶׯľΪϡ
ʲôż꣬СӶǻõġɵ۵ҲֲޣѾӦ˹ܳϦġǹͺ
⻰뱲˳˳ˮʷ̫ͷһԼ˻ɣûʲôĵأΪ
ɵۺЦôˣû񡣡
ʷ̫ٟRĶиɵ۸һ״κΣʵСο˹ݡʷ̫һֱɽɾǣϲԹǷǡ
ðɣɵҲǿȥˡ
ٟR֪ʷ̫״£µĿꡪı۶ľɷ
ٟR´͵ŸɣѣмƻǺһ
ڶ٫h˻عʱٟRͰԼҪ¸٫h˵ˡS
٫hЩ£ǣŮӱͲܳŵİ
h㣬һʱһʱٟR˵ǰǲ۹ôŮǰţǰңΣգųٵġ㻹ǲǵã
ǵá٫hԲȥĿ˵ġ
԰ȻˣΪʲôܳġٟRظǷİɡҸʺĸ˵Ҳ˵
֣˵ǿɺã´Ҹ߼żҲܳ
չĶ࣬Ǻ⣬ֻŮ꾲ؼǶϰףʹףҲһʱܸı䡣
ʲôֻҪģͲ¸ĲˡٟR˵Ѿĸ˵ˣԺһ³һΡǻؼңҿǳ˲ټʶ
ʷ̫һֵ˵ˣףʲôѧõĵˡ
ȻٟRٿԼСʱͻ˸طڹˡĸȥС硣J
֣̫ʣȥʲôط
Ҫ羰ãůͣһ̸ȡֵĵط
֣̫˳Сѩʲôͣ
ٟR˵ҾͲţôĵ۶ǣûþ¡
֣̫Ȳ֧ҲԣҪٟRҺõطС硣ټСһؽ
֣˵Ҽ԰ﵹм÷÷ˡ£ȥҼ÷ɡұ׼ŵ׵ġ
Сһֱţȥˣ˵˲Ҫ˼ңҲֵǼҲٟRڰ֣ǼԺȥȥͷԵĵطкþ£
סˣ𿴼˶ǵ۶һһĹŮҲùŮǰҪ¥񾭲˼ңƽʱĽҲǸĸסĸһĳ֮ңȫŮżڼС磬һͶԵĹ㡣
ԣҪǵ۶˭԰Ӿã˵üҪ˵ź֮⣬Ͷˡ
չ˵˵ǸֵؽȥˣΣ
źҪ֪ȥ¹䣬ͲؼˡҲȥ£˵ˡ
ǰô˵⣬¿£ĸ˷ơ֣Ҳ
٫hҲܺ档Ϊĺ
ٟR˵ҪǾͽĵطѡ¡ǶǻʼԺôǳԵʳģҲ䡣
֣˵ǾٺòˡǶûȥǿ϶һҲûȥ
ðɡǾȥ¡ٟRſ϶ҲûȥԶԶΡܷɽǣýĻᣬúù䡣
ٟRλʦ˵£ٟͬR֪۵ķ羰ҲǼõġǧŻ̫ʵۻʫ̣Ҳ顣
ٟRҲλŮʦӣֻǡûҲ̫ˡ
ӭŵĵطҲɰػܡ
һ㡣ٟRпϣҪʰãȥ١
λŮһ룬ҲС۵ȷׯЩ²Ϲķԡ˱ǡ֪ƹʦ֣һʰá
ٟRǸϸ飬˵Ǽʦͽ㲻ˡ˵һ䣬вɴأ˷ѡԺҾȥġ
˽Ե·ģǽ֮ˣϲġ书ڹǳӲ̸Щֻ˵Ҫȥ£ҲԼҵЩ档ܸӣʮֻϲ
Ͼף棬̹书Ŀǵҵӡ
ٟRû뵽ȥ°ڸС磬λʦʤ֮ġٟR˵ԭҲͦʤѽ
ٟRһ߸ӣһɮ¼˾ɮ˵ȥ֮¡ɮȻ֮ãٟR羰á
ɮԺм÷͡УիصģҲĵĻʥǰԼ֮ز̴ľʮ귽÷ݣڣ֮飬֪
ٟRЦУǲǫ顣
ɮЦķ֮ˣֻ֪ƶɮ
㵽ʱʰһԺӣǰ˹ȥ̿ůůġʱٲý徻֮һա˵
ɮ˫ֺʲһţ·ˣƶɮ͡
ٟRĵƾƨ˵ȤԼԴ޵Ĺ۳ŮʦȲһˡ
֪ǣŮ˲࣬οҪ书ϳ˵Ůټǵ¼˾˾֪Ĺˡ
ɮصڣ߶СгȥһأСл˵ֻ˵Ǳ߶ľֲɮ΢΢һЦǱߣҲ̫ЩѹֹҪͷ£
ǣ´СдʮʼΪµ׼


71 



ĵʮһ 
ʵ,ٟRӻûɢȥڵ۶ʹΧĳ˸С
Ǵִһڳʳóʳ¶־ʹ,иĹĳĳӡ¥ò͡
ǵ,Ůӳŵģʳòˣ
ҪôȸдƷ,ŮƱɵ۶ء
ԣ¶оĺܹܿ,˶,к,ûһǳʳ޴,ϣóʳŮǡ
´Χ֮㣬۫֪۫ͷԷٟR,ڼ߶䣬£Ĳˡ
ַܿо
ʱ,ٟRɷȥ,ڸҶһССۡ
ڼһֱĳﶼŮϽҩˡ佫֮ңκЩ֢֮Ҫ
С,ĳﶼҩˡ
ӱԼ˵,ҳ,ѰҲûض,óŵʱ򴩡
˷,˵㻹Ǳ,ȥ١
û,ҲƲﾫͷˣҾ˵ر֣ȥ㣬û׼㣬ⲡȬġ
û˵ܰѲպõġ˵ɣ
һأͷҲû˵ȥǰƵģŮӼС硣
ǰڹô˵
ƵģڼƵĻš˵̫ﶼһһΣһһҲûͷȥء
Ҳݼȥ㲻Ҳȥݼô
Ƚϡ
ЦˣȻҶȥҲǹǹȥǾȥһա
ʱҵôӣȥ㲻Ǯô
Щɢ޷ֻҲֲǮˡ
ȥƣûʲôȤĶʱҲơ
ֲǴϡ
˵Ƭؽֵ˲ô
ȥѵȥϲɣ
С˵첻һȺŮͷʳӳԳʳôСǳŮԴȤżʱЩȤŽơ
룬ԭţעġҴһ䡣Ӧܴ·
ǣǰĶȥȥء
ԽǺżҵŮӣʹƽʱĶҵгȥΰݵҲûеġ
ĸпʹ˴ӵٟRӵĹǣȥӵƽҵ棬ưҵǰҲûȥ¡
˶Ѫͳڶջĸĸ׽ԸٟRȷȥ£Ҳ¶Цݣ˵ҸϽȹóʱ
Ҷͦˣʷ̫Ӻ˵Ůյӣȥ㣬ֻһ˼δ
ϾͬǸ徻ؽ
ʷ̫Ҳֹ䣬Ůӣõȥ飬㹫һͬȥҲ÷̹
ʷ˵ҵԸ⣬ֻǹﲢּ⡣
ʷֱ̫̫̾ԹЩˡ
ʷȰﻰǰۼͷҲǣ߯񣬹緹ˣ̡˹룬ͱЩҿͦáJ
֪ʲôŮ̫ǿ⸣⣬δ֪Ҳ
ʷɫһ࣬үԣ
ʷ̫Ҳ֪˻ףҡҡͷ㲻á
ʷʣҲʲô
ʷ̫̾һٳٲܿڡ
ʷ˸յ裬㵽ٵʲôʹЩСŮ˵ĻȥҪ˹ô
ʷ̫̾ĵ
ʵʮи֮ңƾһ·˳죬ǿƺȢҲ֪ʷ̫Ʒλе֮˸
˶Ļţʷ̫Ҳʦүʵϣﶼʷ˰⡣
֮£ʷ̫Դѯɼ˲ظʷ̫㲻ã湫ڽߣСŮңǶ֬ˮۡθȤͣЩ̣ݲһҿ֮¡
к֣С̫ﳤ̫һ䣬Сͼסˡ̫ٹټ󳼣ҲǼߵġĿȾȻ⡣
ֻˡ˵ãŮӽУҪһʷ̫üչ˵˵ǺεĿֺһСһȥܷأ
Ȼк㻹ĹжĹʷ˵
ʷ̫ҡͷ֮һеġҲǴµľѧʦºͣ빫֮
ĬΣʷ̫½һӣǷ޼䣬˵䷸ɻĻľ֮ˡ
Եʵศ֮
㵣ʲôʷ˶Щˡ
ʷ̫ûһ˿飬ҷɵѩƬаԾ
ʷ𾪵ɷһֱɷڹٳߣʮŷɷжϡʱʷ̫ȴ˵˾䣬ϣҿˡСɰ֮


72 



ĵʮ 
Ϊʲôе֮,֮
Ϊʲôأ
˵ףΪ˺ƽ
ʵʵ۶Դ󳼶治ϡ,и,дл,Ȼ¡
Ǹںǣλƽȡ
,¿ʷ̫ظŰ,ʵ,ʷ̫ĵĲٟRԺ浱ʵۻʷ̫ĵ,ٟR᲻ᵼ³ö
Ȩλĸѡ
Ȩλѡ
ʷ˫УתЦοɷ,Ҳ̫Զˡ룬żꣿ˹ӣûԵĻӻŮ,ͬĸҲ˵ӹּ,ҪλСӣ㵣ǵˡǻŮ㵣ǵĶûӰ¡
ǰɡ
ȻٟRֵĻͷ,ʷ̫ҲԸԼŮѧοʷ̫ﲻԸ,̵ʱ,ӸǸʦصĺѧ֮,ٟRϲŭ޳,,ֱˡ,ٟRǿĸԣܸ˸̵ӡ
ʷ̫ʮԺȥˡ
ʷ̫ڼǳٟRѾʼ׼ȥСˡ
ٟRְѻʼԺԺΪɵ۱ʾÿ궼ͺЩǮ
ɵۻٟRһ䣬ȥɵЩǮ
ٟR˵˵Ը²ǮҲͿͶٺʣ
ɵ۵㻹Сһǧ㹻ˡ
ٟR㣬һʯףһǧǧʯסĵ¥ӲˣҲŻʮƵĴ͡Ҳ߯ˡ
ɵ۸˱ĹЦ̲Ĳ޵ĹһᣬЩǮҲΪ
ʷʦ˵ƶҪ͢ľȼùӡһʯ׹һӰˡ룬¶Ц֪ôˡˣ˾Ұ¶
ɵۿһҲȥ
ٟRסٹٹں󹬣˷ǳ㣬һ̾ȥ˾ܹ
ٟRҲôʹºʣͷԸܹܣҪȥ棬ʹ͵ӳ
ܹ֪ܵ¶ʹЩʲô
ٟRҪѶкˣʲô
ܹܶʱͷһͣǣȥ졣
ЩҼȡٟRתֵ򼱣ҲϹȥڣ⼸Ӹҿĸĸĵ˷ѡ
ܹܱףҪʡǮֺÿ
ǰٟRʲܹ̲סٴθпǸˡ
֣̫֪ټܹܵ£ЦٟRԽųˣʲô¶ֱ˾ܹˣ
ٟR˵һǧǮҲ̫ˡ˾ŪŽء
ĸ˵һ֪
סٟRͷ
˾ǲġ
ӣһʲôù緹Բ̫Щ֣̫ۺӣ˵ҿãپۡ
գһŽţû¶Щѡ˵һͻοˡ
رȥ
֣ӱҲһڴȫģ
֣̫ҲǹʱģУǾȥɡ
˾ǵѴȫû
ˡͷ면һЩһġ
֣̫ȥˡ
٫hӱٟRͬ⳵ͦ
ٟRһ··ʮྲ·ߵ̻˼ҵĴܿڴǸżСķ϶еĶ顣
ٟRϲ˵ԺܽˣҲΪҪߣͰ˹ȥ
˾ǵþͰ˹ȥˣҲʱģǹˣȻͳˡҸ˵ŵգܸ֡
Ķ˵ٟRһֱţڳ̳㲻ã
˾ǵݸ͵һΪʲô͵Ŷ뿴е̣ҲΪ˳šǿһ⣬ܻؼ˵ϰ¡ѽŹС
˾ǰֿҫĿѧΩΩФٟRЦ
Ȼ
ٟR٫hӱô
٫hʵҳ٣֪
ӱġڼƽأй˳ҲΪǰȫʵҲǳ֣࣬߶϶ǿֵˣ׷̤£ʱġ
ٟR㰲Ķˡ
Լи˴㡣
ٟRһкƺƵ¶ȥ
ĹǣҲǰʮµĿʼ׼ѡ¯ĵӡѬѬ㣬̵Ů׳͡ɣܵģÿ˶š
ĸףʮ棬һ̹¡κι²Ƿ̣Ҳ֮Ǹҵ⡣
ٟR£λŮǰһˣµĸɮһӭӹ¡
ٟRɮǹͣǴ徻ˡ
ɮ¼ݵǷˡǴţɼԵһ롣
ˣٟRǰ¸ɮŮ档
ɮٟR׼õԺϢԺʰļã˾ƹһжǰٟRϰ߰ţԺ÷ţݼˡ
ٟRһϲԺӺá
ɮ򵼣ٟRϢ㷿ʹҪϢٵΰݷ档
ٟR˵ҲáʦģԴʱȥΰݡ
ˣɮˡJS
ҲԶȥ
ڴԺЪŵϷݾӣʱԸ
һߣұ㻶֣찮˵Բᣬ֣¿治ְɡ
˵ǻûȥķΡĲˡ
˵˵ȵˣһȥȿ죬ߵ߶ȥ
ЦԼʯס
ٟRӵŴ멣ɫЩ΢ףĵʣǲӲ
˵ܳ͸͸Ѿˡ
ͬ佫İ׹ٟͬR˵껹治ҿͷҲҲ˵ܸš
ǲڼţȥ޷ǾݼҡʽңСȥ󣬶ûʲôʵˡеµĸǽܳۡ
չͷһѵôľµĵط
٫hŵͷ
ٟR˵ҾڹﲻóžͦĻţû뵽סҲĶûȥ
һ˲䣬ٟRԽоˣһԸġٟR˵ⲻʲô£õطһǣΣ
ҷ׷ЦǾͳе¶ˡ
˾ЦŴЩǵ˵˵վˡ
ٟRŻ񣬡ѽҶˣ
ҶЦ׷˵ҲֻˣҲ˵ˡ
ŮһݵĽ
ٟR⣬£ȥɡҲһԺ
ð
ٟRٽɮʦɴʦţȵݹʥȷǼׯϡٟRڷǰԸ㡣
ԵĹҲиԸĵͬ潲ˡ
Ȼɮ죬ȥԵķкԺʮ÷Ժй÷ϵǧʷСЩҲϰˡ
ٟRʣЩ÷ɮֵô
ɮָϵµĿɽʦֲǰʵֲ֮ǰʵ۶ֲһ÷ֱǰĩʱҲֲ÷֪ʲôԭ÷޹ʿĩֲΣδܳɻ
ٟR˵ɼ顣
ٟRָһ÷Ȼǻʵôһʵĸףׯֵ̫÷
ɮҲԵʵġ̫峯λʥѫ˼ʵֲۣһ÷ԣ˶Ҳĸ
ٟRϸһ갤ĲԶĸߴ÷ͷʷϼأʵ̫ĸТΪ̸
ǡɮ˫ֺʲһš
һ𿴹÷ͷʼƮѩӣҾͻЪ˵Цȥˡ
ҲɮһϷ̣ɮʦֻԼæȥµСɳֱáԵԼ
Ҫ˾ǵǴĶʦ
ɮһ⣬ֻ¡
ɮи񣬡лʹ͡
˾ǵλҲٹ
ٟRЦһʦɡ
ɮٴлͣˡ
ﱸྫ͹ӣˮٟRҲ̵ľ齣ǸֵӣٴһСɴŮС̧ƴһŴȻǼʮӵĹӡˮƵСϣҶȥΧһ˾أŮڵվỵ̂ʵỤ̊˾Ƕϲֻˡ
ů֡
ٟRߣҶʮͣСġ໹ݣǣ㶼ӦٟRĻչ˹˵Եӵ·Ը
֣ˬǣã
ΧˣٟR˵ϴγԼʶ¶ǳԾѣԭ۶ڴģڳʳӳԳʳĹǵ°
ٟRЦŵͷʷһõװһʳм游ӴȥǳûζΣ
ʷȻƺãǼõġ벻ʹͼĸôһһԵģ¼Ľƣʱӵǽģڶ̵ģĸһ˾ͳ
Ҳ˺üٟR˵
չ˵£ôͷʳóʳأ
ٟRҪһ۶˵˳ԭҲǵţֻϰ׷ˡôŮӾͲܳųԶˣַǲԵģԣұҪʣߴһ̫ƽˣŮӵģҲܳŹһˡ
ٟRرŵĸһ˵ʲôȥĵطֻܸ˵һʱСǲ˼ţ͸˵ǣĶȥġ
ΣͲˡŮӳγɷ˵£ʲôطȥ
ٟRĻƽʵȴһ˵ļ𶯣мշΣȴǳһ˵ҪôţŶҡĶҲûȥĶȥ
Ӻҷ׷˵ǵúϼƺϼƣ˵۶ȥʵ١
˵ҲĶȥ
ǣұֵ۶ЩȥҪǳߣһ³Σһξ㡣
һβУ³һҲа
һƵôܣٟRɴһ³εĶȶˡԺÿ³Σһڵ۶
ǣôϡͿģסٟRСӵ򵼡


73 



ĵʮ 
,ѩѩƬڴֽϣɳɳ졣
Ӵ,ѩˡٟRӿվ,ȥѩж󡣡
˾æ湫ȥ,ͱˡ
У㿴ҿ¡ٟRƹߵ٫hӱ,͸ŮҪЬ,Ҫȥѩ
˾,ٟR,ѴЬöñܳȥӹŮϵЬٟRϡ
ٟR¿,վ˾ǸСëӣϺʵĴ멡
ԵĹҲиŮŴѣҪһȥѩġٟRϸĵĶԳ˵,,ȥ㲡պã˷,㿴ˡ
Ҳȥⶼˡ
Ҫ,»سɾ͸ϲˡƽʱİ׹ҲȰ
Ҷô˵,ֻ˵,ǺðɡҾڴ߶վվ,Ŵֽ,ϸ
ǳ,ҶٟRȥԺпѩŮǳɡҴĺʵС¯ʶ䡣
÷ѩУ㶼һ˿庮һڣ͸ˡ
һѩ÷˾ǱȰһˡ
ٟRָһ֧εģͬ˾˵֧ȡȥ͸
իµϺԿ䣬˼իȷĲؼѼζŨȹ󿪣ʢһźˣȵë׶ſˡ
ٟRһС룬һ䣬裬ͷҲʳ˰ɣʲôʱ÷
˾ǵ²õģҲһŵġһ÷
ұ߳Իۣĵá
ĩˣˣһʾһ±ض죬زˣȴĺܣζ⡣
ٟRիöʮӣλʦģλʦӡ
ʹǺУõĿʹͣҲľҡ
ѩƸ󣬸ܳȥˣұһֻǶڵ磬ͷѩҲܻȥ̫
ԺСΣȰٟRͼλ̧Ժ⣬ϳһ·ͨĵ·ҲСɳɨĸɸɾûдѩ
ٟRǱһǹȻС
ڵƣůƵĵƹӳŽ׵ĳź˵ϧﲻܳ⣬Ȼѩ쿾ˡ
ӱ⣬ҪѩǾͿԡһյľһһأٺʲ
٫hҲŵģ˵徻ؿڸ֮ôﻹóԵʳӹ˵ǽ˾ӵζ±ض죬ûȻġ
ٟR룬±ȽƽʱдԹдԹġ
ӱ٫hѧٟR²
˾Цֻһһԭµիⰴϯ۵ģʮǰһϯϵիͶʮˡ
˾Ŵͣӱ˵⣿
ô˾ʣʱ·Ե̿û
ǿˡҪǳŵע󣬽ӱðԴ쵽⿴ġ
˾ǵΧ̣ܶ඼µĲҵҾӪȡ𡣡
һַģĶͬһ£渻
ٟRп˲òࡣ
˾ǵֻͷһ˵
ٟRع·ϾͿĽʵعʱ䲢ֻǽѩЩ󡣺عʱûϻѩ϶·Ҳƽƽ˹
ٟRȥ˺멣ٴ̴ľϻЬȡǼЬٟR˵ȡҵ¹ƤСѥ
֣̫ʲô¹Ƥѥ
Ҫѩˣ͵ôѥٟRĸ˵Ҫ֪ѩҾʹҵ¹Ƥѥˡ
ӱҲҪѥӣٟRһ٫hǸˣЬڵڴ
ĸʣٟR͸ĸ˵ĸȤ¡
µիκóԣԼµի⣬ͷ̡ٟR˵ǰֻ֪ǺУڲ֪ԭǲ
֣̫Цһҵķġ
ǻصҲһˣõ÷ƿͣҵģһ˵ˡ
Ϸ˳˳ٷˣǳˣ⻨ÿٷ˴ѾСӳԣʣõģ
šǳȥѩҲȥָ֧÷ң˵Ҳܿˡ˵˵¸»һȥ
һ˵Ժ󶼲ڼˣ˵ڵķãֲǱҵͷö˶˵ŮӣοڼţԺҪţһɷ׵ġ
һϢؼҵĻλʷҲҵģĸ˵ңòóԣԭۼң˼ҶûСһ˵ĹĽˡ
ʷ̫ûؼң˵˹Ʒ׵ĺͼΰҵ²һٳֹ࣬䡰ŮӼһٳšĻ
ʷֻֿοһʲôٳŵ£ʷ˿ɲֹŮšԵĹû޲Ѱô׽Ů⸣ﲻȥҪĹˡ
ʷ̫̬ͬȵı۫ˣ֪۫ıȽ٫hƽʱס۫ԵŮٟRȦȥ
ԣ۫Ǵ۫˵ģ۫ǴӹŮưġưһңŹŮܸٟRǳ档
۫ףܴ֮һСﵽȥһ·ϣƼǺã񲻰װƷͷ㣿ۣк塣
ĸ⻰˵ĶȥˣŽ˼кˣ˳᳤ȥׯϴأô˵ưĺܿ۷¾͸ŻʼߡưȰĸףǴǰˣĸЩɿҲøĸˣ
ģ
۫۫־ͬˡ
˵Ŀǰһ£ǾǣΪֱ̫ʧˣ
۫۵ȫ෴֣֣Ů֣˵ٟRһδ֣ʣǺܺãɷһʱܸĵģ
ⲻ¡˵ˣȴͷԭҲķսҸֵģ̫ƽˣʱţʡһʱĲˣÿ˻ʮ꣬ڣҰ꣬ʮꡣСһ꣬ʮꡣǼֲи£Ǳ۵ʱ򣬷϶Ͳͬˡ
֣˵游ǲֻΪԼҲΪŮӡҲֻΪŮӣҲΪ˳͢ơ
֣Цˣ͸񣬡ָ͢ʲôϵ
֣˵Ȼйˡжˣ͸ôжŮӡ£ŮԼҲǿġȷ׬һӣŮѷЩҲӦ׬ҪŮӳ£˰ɡ
֣ʣҲǹ˵ģ
֣ͷɴˡ˵Ҷ벻
¿ɲס֣
û¡˵ˣһɣ˶ˮܴʯֻܷġ֣˵֣һЦ


74 



ĵʮ 
һ,¿ϳ³ع·ߣԼҲǻȽϴʱٟRθڶá
,ֳһµʾů,ʿڣֳлȥҲ
Ц,԰ڵġ
Ĳ϶ûȥ£ѾȥˡֱĲС
Ӵ,ҵȥûȥĵط,ò㡣
ȥȥٟRڰܵ,Լ,һҲһγĻᣬȥĶ
˵,ûȥĵط
ʱҡԼͷţǸŸţͦ⡣
࿴һ,,̬Ȱɡ
⻹ÿٟRùֻɾɵֻϺŽȥ˵,磬ԡͽ硣
˽Ϻ͹ȥ,࿴ϺֱЦ,ð,ʱһȥ
ȥĶٟRĴ
Ŷ͵ˡ
ٟRɵСƮȥ,㲻ỹûðɡ,Ƽ㼸ط
ʲôط
гرõı԰,ͷıˡܽسأȻܽػѩҲرá
ⶼȥĵطɣ
⻹һ
˵ӹҲѩǹҲа
ͷͷζٟRˣһоģģЦ
ɵͷʲôζ
оζٟR¿ӣָָΪʢһ롣ٟR˵ʣÿϳǸ۳дôдʲô£֪ô

ɵ۶˵˵
ǰյ°ٟR˵дźܴ󣬰źСʵһ¡
⻰е˼ɵ˵
ȻˡٟRܴϻۣǳɣ˶ڹʣԣӲ֪ʲôǲ¶ǣ躹ޡǰԼ˵е£ǿ϶顣գϵ˻䡣
ԣòãҪ⿴һ
ٟR࣬˵Ŀڸɣڡ
඼˵ʲôRôһ͸е
ΪеٟRҪӡ
ɵۿŮ绨գҲóϣ޵ŮǸš
ٟRʣʶ˶ܿõٟRûŵԾÿææ߶߶ģû
ңʹкܶ˿ֻԼȽϴ
Ϊʷ̫Ǳ칫ĵˡ
ٟR۶Źȥ£¿ˣȻã³ݽµĵ۶࣬ʱ湫һµҹ㣬Ƕǵ۶һһų
Դһȣֲµ
Ѿع빫±ȽԶ밲Ҳܵġ»ڰ
°ݵҲȥһݡ
͵÷Ҳȥһ͡
У³Թʾ±ض죬ڸˣǶô˵õľӹζ±ض졭
˵Ķˣͳ˹ȹض졭
֪ĻΪǿʳ̵ġ
УµĺͼӴ׵ģ˵һׯϡµ鲻ƣרΪ˹ƽ顣
ơ
ƳĽƷ
Ϊйļӳ֣һԾӵ۶ڽ̳۶֮ڣ
гٟRʱرϢ¿Ǿӹ±ض죬˴
ףŵ½£ҵĵҲ׷ҼҲµ˼յơ
ٟRΨһܾǣЩУֱĹͷ
ϻ˵׬ӣбԶˣ
ٟRǸСˣ˺ôҲˡˮģб棬ɮ
ʦٟRһָʡ
ɮ˫ֺʲţ£٣·Ը
û£졣ٟRҧĽֵأʥ˵бʦЩʣ㡣
˵ı֪޲ԡɮǺϲġ
ٟR˵ˣ˵ʮǮЩǮôõġ
ɮ𷨾ҲٟRʵһ㵣֪ĻΪٟRҪǮ
ٟRһֱ׺شģ
ɮɫӴ㵱شȱ˫ֺʲһţȴЩ֮ҲǴЩ£ʩ˼䡣
ϸ˵˵ٟRģʵġ
ɮƽģٟRϸϸ˵ǮһΪ࣬һ֧һЩϡٵССھȼƶգɮڿ֧Ϊá
ģҲûˡ
ٟRͷ⻹治Ҳȼðա
аռɮڱṺʩաƶѧͶޣҲɡÿ¶ʮˡڣж޳ʩҩԺ֣֮಻֡ɮ˫ֺʮն
ʦɮ֮ҵѽ⡣ٟRף˵Ŵʦˣ캮ضרŽΪҽ󡣡
ɮЦΪ½󣬽Ϊָ
ٟRЦǷ𷨷𷨵ģֲǳˡ
ĿзԵSG
ҿɲҡ
зԵ˲һңӱڷһͨΪԵ
Ҳû𷨡ô˵ͦԵҪûԵôȥء
ٟR˵ɰ֮ҲϡŹ֮Ҷɮʦʶ㣬ԲӦԡ
ʹУٟRһˮƽ¼˾ĵʣʵǿʵǿ
˵ԴͬƶǵˣȻΪá
´ʦ£ǲҲһ
⣬ʲôˣ
ٟRʩʩҩ°˼һǮ

µȻҲдһ㲻ͺ¿٣ǲҵϵװ
аСĹҲ֪Լ࣬׵Ҳܽ
ǣҲĸһԼҿڱȷǮÿ¾Ĳȷ١
ٟR㣬϶Ҳ١
ٟR⿪ԼԷҵɻĵطҲȷҪȥ
ֳľٟR˫֧֣ţҲûȥǳ͢ţҲ֪ʲôģøֳһȥƣ۽硣


75 



ĵʮ 
ȻҪȥ,չͶٟR飬ţоһ,ǴʲôѲׯأ
Ҫȥ,ǶǹİȻҪһȥġ
ٟR˵,̫ˣûдǡСҲгȹ,߲㡣
,ƽѾˡûٷ
٫hЩ,ʷʦ˵,һһҪϺǡ
Ҳ˵,ʷ¶رࡣ֣
õģҲû涨ȥʲôٟR˵ǹ,ְߡҹȥҼҵ,ĶͲʧ񡣡
һ룬⻰ûë
ǣ,Žӱ˴ã༸˹ٹ,ǳ,ȥˡ
ٟRֳһ,ٟRֳ,,Ϊʲôȥ
˵,ʷʦ˵ѩ󣬳ϵĳǽһǣǳǽˣһֱ˵ûǮҾȥ
ʷʦ۶࣬ԼŪǮ㱧ԹġٟRЦ
ȻҲЩһˡǸΣȻðԼĹأ˽һ
ٟRͷ¶ʸĸ϶֪
ڻʳ⣬Ǹճոˡ
ǰʯٟRһʯЦЦ࣬óӭעӡҪסҪ飬ôЦһ䣬RЦʲô
ٟRЦһһʱϲֳʹɫ֣ѧϰģ˲ض񡣡
ͷ𻧲飬񡣡
ٟRվֳϣƳһۣûĻͷ˵ǡȼ¡û
ȻҲٟRЩӲʵ֪ҪٱһʱҲû׼
û¶ҿ㡣ٟR
һ֮ףȻĵѻƽ˵Ǳ֮֮͢˱»ŮҳҲƿ͡
ŶԭٟR˵㿴Ǵعȥſ
󣬵ڹа١
ٟRһ̣֪Լǳ͵ף㻹ҵ
ɫһٟRֳ˵֣ǽȥɡ
鿴ȫûٟR˼ҲֻɥվһϣٟRһ뻧ѪǣٟR󻹸һȺŻεСԼһȺŮٹˡ
ֱͳ
ٟRҲǶమûʷʦһÿҲѧʷʦɥǰۣٟR³򣬲м˵һΪʲôģԸҽԭҲ
һΣٟRûվڵ˵õġ
޲̰ٟRͳȥ˳Ա԰ٲã񻧲ԽҵֻԸҵҵѲʹãԵģܴպϾʹպţЩʲôǵطףΨί˹¡
Ͳίһ֣
ǻӣΪ¾ңЩ£ҲǴҪѧϰġһʱҲ֪ҪҲû׼ϳίʵⲻ
ٟR˵ôƻô޳ǽӶòѲɽƻˣ
Ǹλδܹ裬ʱĲᣬ£˳͢ҹ֮кƾݣȻﳼƷ
㵱û㲻ԸҽҲ뷽跨ߡ治ʷʦʷʦлֱ˵㣬ĨŲʵڣٟRܱ飬㣬Ҫֱ˵һ˾Ͳˡƫ˵ҾרһԲԣ
ٟRһ׻ֱѵƤﵽ˼¡
ߵ֣յ˶ЦֻǿŰˡ
鱻ٟR˵Ĵʧ棬ɫͺ죬ŭ٣Ҳͨ
˵˺ˣ˵һ䡣R٣ֱڿ죬ЩƤЦĪ档˵ãҲʵ
ٟRһҲŲϡƵطˣ˵űߡ
æסҪȥĶ
ȥ񲿿ʦѧʶãмʶؿĳˡ˵ĳˡʱ䳯һߣֱߵ߷ٟR˵ȥʦһȥʷʦٟR룬ùȥ°Ϻи˳ʲôˡҲ۰Ͱ͵ȥȱôƵطô
˵ĪٟRߣ˾ǣǵЩعĸǹҡ
ֶȥĪҪϷŪʷʦ
ôأǰʷʦġ
ٟRͺƺƵ뿪˻ͷЦСƤһЩǺ棬ŸҹġҲǣοڳôſйˡ
鱯ίأϳϳҲû
࿴Ҳû߸˵ӭ
ħߣʰ飬֪ҪϳѾ׼üˡ
һٟR˳˻ְ񲿾ڻڣ͵ٟRҲûֱӾ͹ȥˡ
ǰҲû÷Ըǹصأƽʱи߹Թ飬Ҳ֪ջʳҪȥڸɢ磬ҸţǱŻʳӻ᲻˳ȥԵſΪһ٣ҲýӴ
ſڵֵٟRݣ²һ˽ȥͨһǰ·Բ裬˵ˣñӭ
ݿţЩ¾ɵԺᶼԶԶٟR麬Цһ֣Ц֪½٣ʧԶӭ
Ҽʱû֪ᣬܹδӭοʦҵʦ˶񡣡ٟŖֻа񣬡¼ݵҲԡ
ٟRûȻǿĶȥţͷͦġ
һЦٟR˵
òúãƽʱҲ񲿱ʣɣȴʰĸɾ룬й֮硣
ٟRһе칫ȥҲ֪Ҫɲܹû׼˾ŰŰɣӲ¯¯ֻóί˹
ҲҲȣ
˾ǸٟR棬ٟR˵һĻɺöˡ
⻰˵ġĶ˵ǳҲͭĻôҶЦ
ӱ˵ʦ㲻֪ͷˣԸȥʹǵˡ
˵ԭûÿS
֣ٟR˵Ȼܰ׳ԿʱƼӶҪˡS
СﶼЦ˵ٟRⲻһԱô
ٟR˵Ȳӵģҵ
һ֣ԺһӭȥĶֻ˵
ٟRСĺ棬һǵһεʦȥ񲿶ЩԱǶʲô
룬ðɡ˳ÿΣ񲿹Ƹǽһ
Ҷ
ѧʶԨʷԨԶżһֱ˵񲿵ķչ˼룬лʵѡ٣󵽿ƾ١񲿵ְ˾Լ룬תΪ¿ƾ֮£ⲿԼм䣬Ҳְ˾Χ֮ڡ
˵Ǵ֮꣬񶬾͵ÿʼ޹Ժ䡢ᣬ©©ĶҪ޺áн͵۶ѧǣѵģҲᡣйӼࡢԺĿˣѧĿˣҲǰҪɵ¡
ҴȥɡСԱǵĵط򵼣ٟRһвι񲿡ôҸٟRæЩ£ٟRв׵ģԱҪΪ½
ٟR濪ۣԭɮ¼˾¼˾񲿹Ͻģ
Ȼɮҵң񲿹ܡ
磬黹ٟ֮RһгԷ
˵ղҸȣҲѰʳĪⶼˣͬ֡
ֱٟRüЦٟR˵ҾϲʦˣҲһдˡ
蹫ԸҶźˡ
ճԷЦٟRӴһ³һƵݣˡ
Цġ
ٟRеûӵĵͷ˶ˮٟRڣԼСϴɾˡ˵û¶˭û˵Ҫˡ
ٟRСӰԼϣ
˵

ţعӷϡ
ΪʲôҪӷٟRʡ
Ҫӷ
ٟR棬˵
Ȼˡ
ô죿
ǽǡ
ıôдģ
дģ˵
˵ٟRξ͹ȥˡٟRˣ³񲿵⣬Ҵţ˻Խ̸ųӵġ
ٟRյڲãеĶˡ˵Ũζ֬ڼٟRЦóԡ
ǡԿ䣬ֻҪģû˵õġ
ٟR˵˿Խ򡣡
ƵĲᣬ˶鷨ãֻѳң
ǲǡʦǵָ⣬ĵҲãƷá
ҲˡЦ
չԼÿ£Цеض¶˵ˣʦĳǿٱ
Ȼչﻹ֣ȻûҹӦס
֣˵ֻҪɵס
ٟRңһ
ٟRЦأһʦ㲻̫жģҲʵʵ˵
˵˵ĿãԭҸ͹ϵһ㡣
ôˡʦ㲻ҪҸԣҴкҽÿٟRһʦһĿǡ
鸧飬˽泯񡣡
ʦ㻹ֱ
⻰˵ģɶʱٹ
ǡٟRп⣬Կ⡣
Ҳھ飬ӹе⣬ٟRһǣҿ֪ǰôҵˡ˵ţһ
ٟRڨЦᣬᡣ
ŷٟRʲôƻٟR˵ȥʷʦǶ˵ڿˣ޳ǽӶûУȥ뷨ӡ
⻰ûѪô뷨ӣҲûӣĺܣ
˵ٟRⱳ˵һ˶˽۸ˣʦˣһк£ͰʦԺˣ
ʦɽıԹǻٟR


76 



ĵʮ 
ٟRһ,Լ¹󣬴޲ɶԵġ
ԣʦ,ʵ˵ˡ
ôʦô಻ˣ
Ҫ,ʦôһеԲסʦ
ܰ
ٟRæ˵,ҿ϶ʦˣҶð,ڽϹ,ҽõѧʶȻҲϷŪ,ϵ,˵ʦѽ
һٟR,ʦѵģôԼˣˡ
û˵ȱǮٟR˵
ѵʷ̫˵ȱǮˣ鲻ʷ̫ǿ̰һܸ˵¶
ûС˵ġǽ,ʷʦҪǮ,һʱòٟRǸʵˣοǽҲʲôܣͰԭɸʦˡ
ĸŻûʮǮĵط,֪Ĳʡ
ȻǻǹǮġٟR˵
主,ȴ˾Ӫ,ˮµһࡣ,֪Ĳ
ٟRƳһֺ˵깤ʦ,˵,ⲻʰ,϶ʦˡ
ǡ˾ơ¹٣ĿûһƵĲʹ˵һģȥˮ󻧡˵൱ڼƭˡ
㿴ʷʦǻ̰ܻߵˣ
ʷ̫ȻԳ֣ⲻʲô£˰ȻȲ޳ǽ
ôǴ£ǽˣ൱Χǽһأ˯˯ţٟR죬ܰѸָߴϵ˵ļ׶
Ҳˣѩ󣬵ضˣô
Ҳ֪޲ˡԵóڰӡ꿪һⶳˡ
鿴ͦȫٟRһ£޳ǽķȻǹĲʹеˣҾһ䣬ĶŪ
ٟRһۣ󾪣ҵ⣬ҿûǮ
ٟRЦĶܴʦŪǮʷʦʹأҲĴˡˣûе¡п⣬еĸȰԵ⣬̲ˡʦƽʹæɵñ塣
ֱгһļƤ˵ҿҪҵ⡣
Ҫô˵Ҳ극˵
ٟRûϣ֪ٟRôģʱԼͷĥһͨһŵٟRܶĶŪǮأJ
鶼ˡ
ù緹ٟRΪթţ˵ʦ֪Ҳ޷ɮʦܣҲʦҲıı
ٟRһ˵ɣʦӡ
ǣٟR뵥ʦչʹ˸ɫչ֣˵񲿵ĲҲûüϸȥƣء
֣Ϊ˻飬չĻаҲǵһε
ӱһ٫hӣұһȥιȥˡ
˾ٟRߣҲн̡ٟR㽫ԼĴ˵ˣҿǹ¸ģ϶òǮġܵ飬ǽ²²õ顣ȻûǮǮľˡ
ĶǮǮ
ôˣû˵ŪǮٟRʦ˵϶ûǮܵǮ
ԼԾˣĸô֪
ٟR˵̫¡Цʦǵºڣû
㵽˵˭ʡ
ɮ¼˾¼˾ٟR˵ǰȥҲ֪ԭôǮͷ̶ǺĲҵԼﻹӪ⣬ڵģҲȫѷ¡
龪Ҫеʿ⣿
ɮʦ˵ƽʱҲʩҩȼƶѧգ¡޳ǽҲǴ°
˵ǿɲô򽻵㲼ʩУǲʩ㣬¶ܳɣ
ȸٟR˵Ҫ˵ǳǮ˵ǻ᲻
ǹ㻰˵ڣܲôǵ㡣ŪǮ¶ܿܰǵˡ
ҪµˣǾɶҲˡٟRµˣѼǽ޺á
룬¶֮䣬ҪǮ͵ûԤҪӣźø˿ڡȻ㹫ӣҪǸ޵׶Ҳ
ȻáٟR˵
ȥʷ̫ʣöǮȻҺеʿʣǳǮˡ
Ҿôˡ
ôɡ˵Ҳø湤¡һƬģȰʷ̫üĿŪʹôɣҪǮ˹Уعû̫󡢱һ̫ȥȥ
֪ǾʮҪæġ
¶סʱ֪ȤˡЦʦͽ֮ϣһ䡣
ٟRѧ㾭飬Ǿһ¡
ܰѴ𰸶дô˵ˣԭɮ¼˾¼˾ҹܣҲ°Ӿǰˡ
ٟRµذӰ
Ų˳۵ĻȫȻչʾһԼС۶
ٟR֪ʦС۶֪ôС۶˵ʦԺҪٿ˭˳ۣ˵Ұʰ
鱻һ֣ٟRҲЦˣ˵ôţҾȥʷʦ¶ܳɣҲʷʦǷʦ顣
ٟRʦǾй⣬ֻվԼСȥˡ
ǵſڣ񲿰ţٟRŷβĺɫ멣˵ĴӵȥĦĺ壬¶һĨЦ⡣


77 



ĵʮ 
ʷ̫Ҳ,ٟRݵ¶һֻй,ûдô
,͹ˣ߸๬
ʷ̫ݵĳȥٟR,ڸɢ,Ҿǻŵȴӵġ˭ȹ,Ҳû˵Ҫ,Ҫʷ̫֪ٟR,һ׼ȰȰӣ̫Ź,صأɲġ
һţʷ̫Ц֣,֣ɱȭʷ̫һҾ,¹Źˡ
ǰҲҪȥӭӹʡٲѰ㡣ʷ̫һϳ,һ˵Ҳһˡ
λ֣֣ĳ,֣ĸ,֣,֣ˡ
֣Ц,ȹ,ǼȻҪԷ̡
ʷ̫˵,Цø仨Ƶģ֣Ҽ֣Ůǻʺ̫˼ҵȻŮʲôס
ʷ̫ǰ֣˰벽档ЩϢͨĴСԱҲˣʷ̫ߵǰٟRҲһ˵ĵſڣʷ̫񣬱ٟŖ£ʷʦض񡣡
ɨ֣ɣٟR˵˾Ҳض񡣡
ʷ̫Ҳûǰ棬㲻֮ˡ
ʷ̫Ͽ׵ֻ£²ϵ⡣
ٟRˣ˵һ仰ԣһóٟR˵ǿѣѵģҪӭҾߡ
ʷִ̫֣ײȫʶȤˣʷ̫ĶܲӭҾǳԾҲû˵ˣҲûǰ׼ЩԵģֻί˹
ٟR˵ֲģ˵ǽѵġ
չʷ̫Ҳ˵˵ͷġʣϳֻ֪½ȥʲôʱģĶţԵʲô
ʦǶԵġ񲿵յáٟRڵŵĲö룬ԸһЩ
ʷ̫빫һеԼȥ֣ɾˡٟRűԹʷ̫Һĺʷʦʲôɫһ˵ĻȸԾûС
ٟRֻڽϹ䣬Ź䣬Ůĵطʷ̫ˣĶȸԾ˵ͣȸҲֻ͵ȸˣϸ첲ȶģôԾ
ٟR⻰ЦʷʦͦĬ
ʷ̫С˼ôϳĬš
ٟRϲʷ̫һԲԻֱ˵ģʣʷʦ²£ʲôģ
ղ˵ϳǽѵô
ʦֻܰѸңи⡣
ʷ̫ûףûʲôѰ
ûУظٟRԻˣһ˵ǽˣ޳ǽûô
¶¶ʲôӣʷ̫۾һѵ̫Ҫ˽ӳȸ޳ǽ
ǡĶȥˡĸҪӣóˡٟR˵Ҹķӣٺú룿
ʷ̫ûǮ
⻰ٟRҭĲᣬٟRָԼԹ˵ֻҪǻۣûǮôʷʦ㣬ӷ⣬֪Ǯ
ҾȱǮʷ̫˵ð⣬Һ޲ԴҲð⡣
ٟRչＸ˵һһ ֺġ
չＸ˶ЦһСЦʷ̫￴£ĲţϷһ飬Ȼ䵽һȺСЦľء
չЦʷʦżˣҪк⣬ʷʦ˵˵
ٟRʷ̫˵ҿֳбµˣҪȻӣ֪ȵʲôʱ֪Ҵ󻧣Ը£ǽҪôޣҪǮҸĿҰʣܲܳﵽӡ
ʷ̫벻͸ٟR˵˭۶Ĵ󻧣
ɮ¼˾¼˾ٟR˵
ʷ̫üǲϽµСţÿ곯͢ǧ˰ٵǮʲôǮ
¡ۣǮʹɮʦÿҲܶ£޳ǽҲ°
ٟRһ¡ۣʷ̫ʱˡȷеʿǮĺܡֻǣǮ²Ū
ʷ̫˵ʩҩⲻ޳ǽԸô
ٟRأʣҲ빤޸ɣҲʷʦӡ
ʷ̫Ҳ͢ӣǱ°ŮҪҪôزˣ
ٟR˵ΪӴġҪ㣬ҹһʣҿ϶˵ûǮ
ʷ̫
⻰ٟRû˵
չＸҲǸ֪ٟRӷŪǮвֻ֮һٟRʷ̫ۡ
ʷ̫ŲӣվٟR׵λӣ˵Ե£ǲġǽܵ飬֮ǽãǺͳοǽǷ£ΪҪ޳ǽļƻˣôҲʮӡ
ٟR˵Ѽƻøңһ¡ۣҲ³̡
ʷ̫Щط̣ЩطĲˣʱȫٟRǹø泯͢ģ̾ȡ¸ٟRٟR˵첻ʺ޽ǽǰＯϣ꿪ⶳԵ£ͷǽԹǴ£Ըæʵ¡
ٟRʱţʷʦٶôõҵʱǰԭûˡ
ٟRչӴԿ˿ףٟRУҲԵģʷ̫ҪԵķѣʷʦֻܸ˵
ûˣһԵܽģʷ̫ҲͷٟR
ٟRӣ˾˵裬ȥʣָԵ˵ûʲôʱع
˾ȥ졣ʷ̫ٟR֮󳼣˸˵ʧˡ
ܲôˡһ뵽ԵһٟR˵ʷʦ㻹˵ûʮ޳ǽǮôĻ飡
ԭǮԽҲȫ顣ʷ̫ΪͬԲһ䡣
˵ɨ˵ˡٟR˵ʷʦոʦкɮ¼˾¼˾Ͼ¡
ʷ̫뵽飬ţ۸лġʷ̫ھѳǽ¶ȰˣοٟRǺ⡣ʷ̫ԭͬΪͬڸ˵ſǺĲѧġ
ٟR⻰ĸʶҲ˶ˡǰûʷʦʦ
ʷ̫˼ŪǮϺòãͱܳͬŹϵˡ
һʱ˻˵¹ӹˡ
ʷ̫һ˵ˣ̾ȥӭٟRֳϵܺãҲԳĲŪĺܲˬ̲סʷ̫ϽʷʦϽɹȥ
ʷ̫ú˵ʱҲһġ
ٟRһһģۡһȶԾܿȻʦܽƻʦڼʶǿġ
ʷ̫ԽȥٟRԽŲֱͬʷ̫ĹǺҲûӡ
ʷ̫żʱѾ֣ŽˡٟRվЦ˵̸֣ۺˡ
šҲˡͱʷʦˡסʷ̫ٟRҲ޳ǽ£˵Ǿͻعɡ
ߣٟRȻת˵֣ʷʦʦ˼ͣͷ캮ʷʦǣȻǵöʷʦ
ᣬܵʷ̫ʷʦ֣͡Ҿ˾Ǿˡ
ʷ̫ôɣµһϳдˣܲ͵µſء
ٟRһ⣬ĸʷ̫˵ʷʦסҪôԶӽ͵ģǲڣԺҲ´ŵˡ
ͳȫֵĵ֮İɡͷͣƫͣ
ʷ̫ٟRϷŪղŭǣƫҪٟR죬ʷ̫ıߣôôƤŮӰ


78 



ĵʮ 
ڳ,ٟR磬һ죬ڻʲôˣ۾ͷ,,ô໰Ҫô
Ϊ˺ܺ޾ϸ,Ҳϸ¡õĻ
ٟRۣĶԵĶ˲
Цͱ,ΪЩŰ,,ͻʧǲԵġ
㿴ǻ׵ôٟRӷǳ,Ų˵ľˡ
֪һʱ,⣬ôȥˣ
Ҹʷʦ˸⡣˵ţٟRͰôʷʦŪӵ¸署ˡ
ü,޳ǽǳ͢,ɮǳ͢ţҪӣôų͢ǽƵġ˵,ԽҶҲǽ,ʶ۴¡͢δ,αظɮڡ
ҿʷʦͦ,ʷʦ˼,Ȱϱ
಻ͬ,ȥʡĸ,ٰ²١
ٟR˵ֳ磬źûƵġҲûɶҿеʿǮĺܡ
ЦǮĶˣ͢˰޳ǽǳ͢ΣҴҪǮʲôˣʱЩСơ
ٟRСǣ磬յѵǮģ
󾪣ʲô
Щ˾ǵڵƣƹӳףٟRѵǰĩޱʧ£JG
Ϊʧ£ΪطҸͶۼΪε£Ϊ̫ү۶ǡٟR˵
ɫʣѵ̫ñϧգϧ£
ٟR˵û벻֮˵̫үսձս֮Щܱܽѵǰǲģ̫үбģֻΪǰˣ͵Ͷ
ٟR΢ɼ˼˵£ӦõġҲ尡ңɮɾ費˰ǵʡӰҲ̫ˡ
֣ɮɾ˰ô
ǰ
Ķ֪ģ
ʦʷʱġٟRԸֳ˵̫ү꣬͵õɮ
Ҳʷ飬ôû಻õԱ㡣
ٟR˵̫ʵۿдвô̫ʿɮ׷Ӧ
䣬Ҳʷôˣ
ٟR˵Ϊʲôʿɮ׷ӦôӦģ
иһֱ𰸣̽˵Ǯ
ٟRͷҪôʷдһء
ͬѧĿʷ
ãô֪ɮɾ˰ģ
ҲʦôеʿôǮʦ͸˵ˣƽʱյܶǮңɮ˰ɾ衣ٟR˵ԭţǮҲޣ˵˼ġǻسҲ֪û⣬ңǲֻǮԼի⡢⡢⣬ͷ̡Щ׬ӵӪ϶Ҳǲ˰ġ
̾ƽˣҪǳЩҲΪ
ǣֳͬԼĿٟR
˵ʦβס
ȻˡΪйͬʷʦٟRԼĸ˵ֳʷʦѧʶҲԨʷʦЩ࣬˵ʥΡ룬ʥ˿мľͲʦƽʵ
ص
֣̫ɵۼ϶Ц⣬֪ͦ˳졣֪СвٟۡRѧǿ˵ľѧΩΩФôɥվߣһ۾ͿǲӭҡҾ͹⵽תתС۶ߵģ
ɵŹŮССӣЦ飬ҵ˵䡣ȥС
ֻСûʶ
ٟRԼĺĸ׷࿴סĸҲûзԣɵĸ׽ٟRǽһǣȷÿǳ͢£ԸǮȻǵġǲԸҲǿֻһҪǳ͢޳ǽ
ٟRͷס˵ɮǮ޳ǽصԳ͢죡
˵ĸҲɮЩġ
໹һ£ǾǣҪҪʷʦѧʿʷԶסѧʿԼֵ꣬Ĵ˾ѧʿ档


79 



ĵʮ 
ɵ,ŮͷһĴ£Ůָ㼸䡣
ٟRôɮ˵ô
ٟRһ̹,ֱ˵¡
ɵۣ
ٟRл붣,ʣ,лҪҡ
ɵ۵,ˡҲҪһЩôġ
ٟR˼,Ҹ»µĻ,ǻҸҪô
ٟRһֱ׳,ɵ۶һǲ߼ˡ
߼
Ůǿ߼
ɵ˵,ֿܡ
ٟRܵġɮʦȱĺܣҪǸҪô,ƭҵ,Ǽٴȱ
ٟR˵˭Ҫƭңҿ϶Ź
ɵۿԲ֣ģ,ЦˣҾ͸ѡ
İɡġٟR˵,ҿǺܻ,˵,ͷѵǻΪżʮӵң
ɵ˵,ġ
šٟR֪ǲС
ٟRȽ,Ҫɡ
չＸΪ,൱ڸ˽Ǯ˽ǮҪοأ
ٟRȫ޴˷գ뷨ֱӣҲֱӡ
ֱӰɮ¼˾˾˵ھǣϴμ棬֪ǶǴȱˣһŴȱģƽʱ»ۣû¡ǰȥʷʦ׮£ϵĳǽһǣ֮أɲÿƫӽţӡ룬ǹµģ㿴ܲܳӡ
Թ΢΢һף˽øɮ˿
ٟRѻ˵ףȫΪٟRĶˣɮʦ£תݸ˾
˶ˣ˴˶һۣ±㶼Ȩ⣬ʮĿ󡣲ƽƽ׾ٵóʮͺ¶һ㣬ԺٲҪ硣ǲǮҪ﹫
˶ףٟR֣̫ϣλзĻҳԱ
¶ɲð졣
ҲǶ·Ըڹڳ֮£ƶɮƶǣҲҪΪ³Ｏ
˵ô¡ʮͽǷˣǸɴˡٟR˵ҿûǡ
ƶףǽ˷֮һƽ֮Ҳ˳͢档Ҳ˵ƶΪ̫ΪΪΪ͢ĵĻᣬ޴˻ᣬƶҲ뾡ĵġ
ֻЩ¿ˡƶֱԡ
ֻ˵ٟR
ɮʦһۣ³£ƶʦѾˡ޳ǽҪ޵ģƶҲһЩ֮̽£ἰãƶ룬ҲҵȺ֮빤顣¿Σ
ٟR̾ˣǵĿʵ
ȸҳʵǰȻĿϽ
ǵʲô
£ƶҲһЩ񣬱˵˵ŴףϵŴµŴףǲһļ۸񡣻ɳʯƷ಻ͬ۸Ҳ⣬ڹӦļ۸мɢۣȻֲͬߣдƷƷ˲鿴֤һһȥֲ֪Ǯװ̰īߵĿڴ
ɮʦҲһ΢΢ףǳˣִֿ̰壬䣬ж¿ȳＯϡҵȽԸΪֻϸϵÆһЩˡͲ֪ʲʣ
øϵУ
Ҳǻ¡
ٟR΢΢ЦȻǼõġҸʷʦкԼʱ䣬ʹ̶ϸ³̡ǼԸҲҲǼõġҿǾǹԱ
˽ǫѷ֮ˣɸ빤Ტۡ
ٟR룬ɮ¼˾¼˾ҲƷţЩһƣҲ󽫹ϣ˿﹤
˼ؽдˡ
ʱ䣬ҲԵʱ䣬磬ٟR¿Σٽʷ̫һ޳ǽ¡
յŶʷ̫ûϵٟR°ô죬ٟRȸʷ̸̫ģҪǰѺеʿĻתһ¸ʷ̫
ʷ̫ЩģҪʷ̫˼ֻܳǮãǽֻҲ
ٟR˼Ҷˣ޷ǾǼȳӣҪѲʹƯʱϸôôţҲóıǿ
ʷ̫ңЩɮʷ̫Щƽﲻ֯ϳ˼ȫýǻףôôá
ٟR˵޳ǽ¡
ðɡֻҲý֪ǹĲʹԹΪ׼
Ȼ
˫ûֵ̫ҪԣҵһҶܽܵƽ㲢ѡ
󣬹ɮҪලصԣùϣһ֮ǡʷ̫ȻҲǱŰѳǽ޺ȥġ
⣬ɮͽ޳ǵ£ʷ̫Ȼܾʷ̫ƲӵʱѼ˼ңԸ޳ǽÿո蹤ǮҲܲǵļáȶͽǰǵȷʡӣЩҼƼ֮ˣûӪҪιء
ʷ̫һƬ֮ģɮ˵ҵԭ룬ҲǻСʷԣĳ
ʷ̫ˡҪɮҳӣʷ̫ûó˵ĵҪȱʱǳһ׼ǷǮ
˴˶ãܿһ¡
¾ͽٟRһǣһŵİˡ
ʷ̫ǴлٟRһأٟR˵ܿտڰлҪҵҲӵġ
ʷ̫ǹ¸ԼǽԭóҪʲô
ٟR˵ǰ֪ʷʦṆ̀Ǹٶ
ʷ̫Ҳٟܳ࣬RŪ޳ǽӣ⵱ȻǺ¡һٟRСС;ܸɣʷֲ̫ˡ
ɵֱۣ˹Ů顣
ܰϸʵæٟRҲܸˣǣͣһ죬˾֣ŽӱˣһգżϿΡ
ʷ̫˵ٟR͸ȡ֣ǾţôСС;ͺͰ֣ɲɡתһ룬֣ܳǹڡ
ǣʷ̫ٟRϿʱ˵ϲˣҲްġ
ٟR;ˣ⻰ʦ˵ΪʦЩʷʦͬʷʦŰӣ˵Ļ
ٟR˼


80 



ĵڰʮ 
ʷ̫Ϊ,ٟR
Ҫǣʷ̫ԶֱʾˣԼҪͺܸ,λ׷ǰĴ󳼡
,ɼ˵,ô֡

ٟRġ
һĲҪٟRֺܶ⡣
Ʃ,ʷ̫Ά,ٟRӱ˾,ǳｲ,Ҫ۵䡢⣬ʷ̫,вģǣκ󻹻ῪĿ,ٟR˻ȥĶ
,ûˡ
ңǰζ;Ա,ҲһˡھȻ˵֮˹Ȼ,Ҫһ͡,̸ס,ʱҲҲ,ʱ,ѰѰһ,ƽȴҲĲۿ
ٟRˣʷʦѰӾûвۿô
ҲУЩ΢桢С£ƽƽҲͶȹȥˡ
ٟRǹΪʷ̫˼˵ȻʷʦΪʲôҪμƽ£񲻻ۣ٣ƽƽһǸô
ʷ̫־ˡ
ٟRͷҾʷʦ˵Ĳԡ
Ķԣ뽲ʷ̫ͦϲٟRϿΡ
ٟRʷʦŵڣ顢ѧ٣ûйѰӣô֪Ӻأ
ӱҲ˵ӷ㣬֪֮֡
ԣٟRʷ̫
ʷ̫ЦڳΪͷտĽⲻ֪ҵÿҪ׼ϳ£ϳҪҹϢÿˣˣзֺи߹λǲ˽ֻΪٹʣ٣֪ͷأΪٲװ
ٟR˵ƽյӾôҾҲףҳʱȻ࣬ɿǴŶΪһ࣬ͨҲ֪ͨӼѡ
ǰҲаյĲס˭йĸ֡ʷ̫գڻʼңҲ£Ժصֻܰٱɣڳд󸣷֮ˡ
ٟR棬δʷ̫⣬ľʷ̫ôأҲҪ
ʷ̫ʣʲô
һҵٟR˵
ʷ̫һҪѴ¸ģЩЦ˼ٟRʣҵ
šٟRͷҴ²õķ׸һģһʡ˵ţʷ̫һۣΪ룬ԺҲʡǽǶûˡ
ʷ̫ĽǸʲôҵǲˡ
ٟR֣ʷʦ˵һ˵ǵҵɡ
֣ͰѹҪıŮӹؼ״Ĵҵʷ̫ˣٟRĹ۵㣬Ů߳ţһôӳ͢롣
Ҵδ˵ʷ̫顣
֣׬һӣŮ׬Ҳܸڹһ˵ʷ̫֪
ʷ̫Ů⣬Ǽ˭˭չˣ
һʣֱӰ֣סˡ
ٟRʷ̫һۣʷʦ˵ѵʷ˻ԴӣҲô˿Щеǹˡ
ʷ̫Цƶ˼أ
ʷʦѵûɽͼôͼϣŮڼҷ֯ǰźͯˣֻҪ̱ﶯˣ֣ҾѾƶѵȶ̣
ٟR˵ʷʦǲ˽Ѱ˼ôӵġ
ʵٟRҲ˽⣬رŵı죬ͼҲܸ߶߶һƪ˰Сġ
ٟR˵һϿķǸĺӺܳɼǸˣ˻ܷġ
ڵ۶ľӣǼӲãŮӳάơչ˵ʱǼҾƷܲ
ʷ̫Ҳһζ̣ѣܵΪȣ⻹ˡпɣŮϸ£Ů֮𣬻լȡ
ʷʦǰ뿪ġٟR˵ֻǻһȽ
ʷ̫ӲЦ²˵Լһ˵
ǰٟRֻС£һźĶʷ̫Ȼһ£ʷʦҰôխҵҰôԣҵĻһʱ᲻⡣
Ҳ㡣ؼ˼˼ꡢֻʮ꣬Ӧþҵ
һڿΣͱΪҰխʷ̫ŻѪ
ڣʷ̫أٟRδɵСѾͷһƽϡ
ΪٟRĲᣬʷ̫ѭ򽥽֮ܵ谭һʱûܼȥ
ٟRȴˣ֣ʦֵʦȻһͬһʦƩʷʦҵҲһ
ʷʦǰ˵ȥȴκҵֽͬκҵÿ춼еġ
ٟRֳǲǱʦҲпκҵ˵ǰС
ٟR˵Ϊʲôûҵ
ûҵðÿдһʱ
ٟRŷ֣ǵûҵҶҪҲߣҪ壬˵壬˭û
Ҫ裬˵ͿγֱƣʦҲû
粻һ
ҵࡣ
ҪҲߡ
塣
һһεĳȣٟR飬еġ
ٟRûҵɺÿĵĺӣĸԼ뵽ˣʵֳ
Ϊֳкӡ
ΪûбĶӣֳܴԣδĴδĻʵۡS
ԣҸֳ
ٟRֳĹϵܺãһĸֳͬҲչٟRɲϲּе֪ܵ谮ӱ߱ɱԡ
һʱٟR߷ߵ룬ѵȻֲôȻСң
ǣȻ֮䣬ٟRͷ
һܵǿµģȸܵ顢ʷ̫ˣ鵹ûʲôѧù֮á
ʷ̫ˮȣӴĽѧʲô⣬ûŹ٣ôѹǿʤĸˣ
Ӵ⵽ôӴ


81 



ĵڰʮһ 
ٟRһù,ʷ̫޴룬Σ˶ʵѧ,Ӧȿɡ
ߵǽӱ֣٫h,ǰҹλУ޷ʦô̴һôѧ,ϻۣҲǹθЩڹ,һǧ,׷Ļ𼱻ǵ,Щ׷ϡ
ǵ,á׶չﶼ
ӱ˵ҿɳԲסˡٟR,Ů塢䡢׵µĿҵͣˣ⼸ſεĹҵϣܸϽȡ
֣٫hҲȡᡣ
չÿѧһ,ܸš
ٟRԴҲֵ֧,ٟR˵ѧϰ޷ǾǸȤġҪѧһѧ⼸,˻һ¡
֣ٟRǼҵͦ,,ʲô£
ѧĶ,˼
ٟR⻰һ,֣ȿ,٣
Ȼٵġһ,գǶѧһ룬̹͢ǿ͢Ϊ
ӱ˵̫࣬ദñȽףҲ
ѽָ˷򡣡ٟRǿɲѰС˼ҵŮӣһͱáǹԺҲھ񰢫h㣬ԼľλԺҲμ֮£ʶҲѧЩԵı죬ܸμҲд
ٟR˵Ѱ˼գЩ£ǹ˵ģûֳɹΡǹǮģҲѧƣһֱѧģݸ԰ްӣмемҡҲֻ˽ɡصҪѧһǱ£ǳ͢ɷ
ٟR⻰ȻӱͷǵѧѧڼҾ͸ѧһЩ
չɷ˽һЩҲûǰ˵һλԱΪپҲȴĸ˺ϻﾭӪ׬ȡǮʷǵ٣ٳҲͷˡɷĹ涨Ա׼̡ԱֱϵҲ̡
֣˵˵Աôĸ¶֪
չô˵֪Եأжͷɳ̼ĸҲδ֪
٫hЩ£ԭǸСӣٟRߵʱ䳤ˣ٫hҲ˵ˡ٫h˵ЩɷӦ˵ôŮӵ¡ҿڼҲһѧЩ
ٟRϵ£˼ļûʲôӦˣӦŮ˵ģ
hh룬Ͱ˵£ǹԱĸף뷢ƣ֪ٳգΪȥ۶ӵأ
٫hױ˵룬ٟRĻ˵ѧһѧɷҾͲѧˣҶԴ̵£ûȤ
ûϵϲʲôѧʲôãҸĸѡʦٟR˵
չٟRͷϣ˵⼫ãҿЩγ̣һѧһˡǲѧ̫Щ
ٟRû⣬˼Ƭ̷һӵ£ĸҲÿʱ顣ͻСȻͨ޷Ǿÿѧһ㣬ȴ¸ԺѧҲס
չҲһЦǣǵĿγ̣ˡ
ٟR֣̫ġ֣̫᲻̫ۣ˵ӱ˺üſγ̡
ûϵֻܰǸȤĿҪѧһѧ޴£ҲɲѧһѧҲֵһ̵ġٟRɶѧ
֣̫ЦӦٟRôͻȻôùˣǰٟRҲ˵ù¿δӲ飬ѧѧ֡
ٟRԲԲС˵ҵúúѧϰʹСơ
֣̫Ц˭С㡣
ֻҡеŮӣСơٟRԼ۲쵽ĵøĸϺʲôÿˣҲԡʵϣƲ˵ġ
⻰ǳȴЩ⡣֣̫ô룿
ΪʷʦƲҡٟR˵ʷʦЩ첻֪ôˣҶ飬˵ΪټɡʷʦԴȫöҵҪرϡS
ƲôٟR˵
Ҳʷ̫Сš
СʱпҵٟRСһȫҶʹˡ
ٟR࣬Ҫĸ㿴ĸ󳼣϶ҪʹѵĲʹⲻһô
֣̫ΪٵĶˣŮӲضЩƾٵ顣ŮӶǣʶŮҪΪԹ
ҾţǺǳĿٟRĸ㣬ڹŶٳд¡
֣̫ʣм̫أ
ٟR˵ǹݱȴҪߡ룬Ҷѧ㶫Ͳױ˺Ū
Ҫձʷʦһֱĸˡ
֣̫أӱh٣ҪѧЩô
ȻҪˡԺ٣ӱԺҲΪһǲǸͨŮӣѧʶҲǻ¡룬۸ʱ֪ĸšٟR˵һ㲻ұӲ
֣̫ЦԺɵúúѧ
϶ġٟR˵ҲȫǺõģݸߣҪû汾£ǵɵˣ
ңȫǵĻ濼ǣŶԵԵľͲ
֣̫䣬øʷ̫Ϳҡ
ʲôң
ͿлϽҡ
ٟR˵ҹʷʦƻˣڿˣˡ
ơ
ٟRЦҲáܲܰ׽ʷʦһأȻûкƳɹ
ǣĳյҵʷ̫


82 



ĵڰʮ 
Ҳ˵ʷ̫յٟR͵Ѫ,֣̫Ů뷨ķһ¡
ңΪʢƾѧΪʶ,ѧǶѧҲҾΪ
Ҫ˵Ƴ編ҿɳһҵ,֣̫뵽ǰڸ׸ˡ
λǰ׸׸Ժη֮͸Լĸ,Ҳ࣬Լؼȥˡ
ʵ,ίʵ,֣̫ͬ,Ҳ֪֮ꡣ
,ʵйڳ͢ԣǹٺ,֣̫䣬ų͢нٺ
˵ϼңСӹĲ
֣̫붼û,ɵ,ɵ۵ҲãѧʶԨ,Ҳ̹ޡðҲһ
֣̫,ⲻ
֣̫󻹵һλ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ,һ洫ּʹּ,岻,ʹ̫ҽͽΡ,֣̫һ,۶Ρ̫ҽסڶңտŶ࣬۶ǰ
ٟRһڣҰм𶯣ЩԲĻΪ̫಻ٶ໹ء
ٟRҪ󿪵ıΣ֣̫յ˳󽫾
ﻹ˫࣬˵ףúý̹Ρ˵ʷ游̵̹ĺã˰ʷ游һҡϻң˵ʷˡ
󽫾Цã̫յʹɸҲġֻѧʶʷ̫µòҡ
˵ʷ̫ƽʱʥ˴ԭΪƫűµģʷ̫Ǹ̫ﰡ
ٟR²ĿʼϾ¿Σֿʼ̾
ǶٟRĹʲô飬ȻŮӶЩҲûɶãٟRѾǹԺһٻеġ
̾ΪԵģΪҵ¡
ԴӵٟR㲦ʱʱٹТ֣̫࣬ҲƽϣֻҪ֣֣̫ҲΪ
֣ʺҲǿ̱ˣԣͦ˳
ģǹ̫˳ӵġ
ٟRżӹ֣̫ǰ׸Ҫ۶ֺ밲߶߶ҵ¡
ֶǰ飬Դ游ТıʹҲ˼£ֻıڸְ
ٟR˵ڸôˣڸҲǽ֮һ
̾С֪ڸζѣѫ󳼼ӵܣжߣ佫ҵĺӱһڸ
ٟRǾȣﻹΣ
˽ƣͬ˵ʱڸѫҵӵְ֮ܵȵ۳ʱڸڸͳѫӵȽĵطĹӵҲڸɲ֪ʱЩٻӵܽ˿ҵڸһͷƷΣÿЩװˡ
˵㡣ǺŪô
˶еĺϣٟRһЦˣĸ̫ůЩϵĺá
Ц֪㰮ϰģùţһԡ
ʱڣźҲЩϲһ֪ĸããԼһƬ಻ãһƬɡ
ٟRǣٟRƬ
ӣԻ˶ӡ
ĸ㿴ʲôʱֹţ
ҲǡٟRСЦ˵ҲٳЩҿЩˡ
ٟRͦӣ֣˵һࡣ
ЦǣһࡣŮССʱӹãһӣ˾
һعϣ˵ҵ£Ҳ˵ԵģҲΪٶɵ׵иµλãСҲܹܲҸοţбµˣôҲùҷˡ
˵ҴкȸְŸʵȱ
Ȼ⣬ʹŮţĸΣ
ٟRĸѵᶢұ֣ûڳôְʵȱأ
һ֪ˡʦ֮һ
ֲʲôλʵʵµĲʹС
̽ʣҲֻһ֣кü˵͡
ĸ⻰º඼ЩΪˡ
ٟRֱӵɴ۾⻹ҪҸȫǰˣҸֲ飡ĸ˵ʲôأ
ⲻǵô
㲻õģڹﰲȵģͱʲôǿٟRֳ֣ĸ˵ֶֶҲҸѴһ˺ðţҪ߰˿ӣôţ
ǹˣҪǹû˵ģ˼ҾͲˣٟRܲĸףغһ
ȻҲ۶ӣ˵ҾʣҪǲðţȰһҲʹáͬӵСһ飬ܲû䡣
లοĸףĸİɣһϵġ
ָŮ˵Ҫ̫ã˵õġĸ̫ãϣ鲻Ǽٵġ
ٟRͿҵģҾһ䶼˵
ղǣЦˣǶĵ
ٟRߵҲ֪鲻á
ٟR޷ֻ̾治֪ô˸ħǳ
ĸף·ʱ˵Ҳ֪뵱ʲôʹ
ٟR»ʹɣȻǸʲôʲô¡
Ҹ˰һѵʱ룬ַܽԺҲи֧ŻˣһͿء
ٟRҲûи飬룬ôţ磬»ǳһ֣ʲô㡣
˵ǰһĸĸҪģ
Ȱñĸ֪ٟR˵
ʲôĸͦǹĸģҲ֮顣
ٟRĸ˴¡ҪңҸ˵Ҳǹѵôô
˵㲻֪ԽǸ߹˼ңһǣѰ˼ҶȲϡ
ٟRҲãƴǧ
ЩС¡ٟRϣҪǲĸ߶߶ٟRʣ磬Ͼˣ׼û
һֱţСһοֵܣܱǿࡣѣһѣģԺ۰СҲһЦ磬ת˳ٟRĻ˵Ļ


83 



ĵڰʮ 
ǰһγ,ٟRԭ͵͵ʲôʱᣬ˳ᡣ¶ûɡ
С˼ͱ˾ǿ͸,˾˵,ҪٟRȥᣬ͸̫ȥ
ٟR˾ǰ,˵Ҿ,Ķȥˡ,ˡȻҺȥ,Ҿǹ,һҪȥˣһô,öҰǲǣ
ٟRͽ͸,˵Ļ,ġ
˾˵Ҫô룬һʲôɵĵء
ٟRԼҲ֪¶ѳ,ֻðˡŵԺ󳤴ȥ᲻١
Ϊұֵ,ٟRγûԼС,Ҳûȥ,,ٟR,ſɵ,Լۡ
Լ˵£ҲٟRСģ٫hؼʱ٫h˸Ҵţ۫칫һ׽
ùŴ˳ͳȥˡ
빬ҲԶֻ£һһǶڽǷ֮ء
۵ĹһŶʣϵľͳӭ
ٟR΢Уδôųһ綣ʶҲֻǰ۴ɨɾδ˽δ
Ҳһ㵽ˣһģҵϷԼϷߵϱŮǡ
ҽȥ
ٟRλǲϷģǵĸ೤ƽй񣬻۹ǰ
ضǽմŹ󱦵徲ˡ
һ𡱣˼ݵС֮ҡ
ٟR˵Ϊ׼ȫǾòĸĸ𼸾׽ȥݼʦõ·
ǡ˱⹧¡£ֻܴԸʶȤ¡
ºбٟRˣţж˵̹ˡ£ֻһ߷̵С̡
ٟRҲû̫ˣù̲ˮ˾Ǿͺá
ϷֻϸмȻϲֱˣǿŲˡҲһϲģƣοǸ˵£Ҷźá
ҲǰȰοĸףǰĸףλ£ĸҲɷˡ
ҲŮϱǰȰ
ٟR˵ĸͱˣô˸У»زˡ
ϷᣬҲϲλ¿ɺá
һжãֻǹĸ˾ǡ
ٟRĸڹܼǹĸ˵˺ܶΣĸӶҲֻʱʣǹҪ˾ңû
ٟRСЩҵĸʵĸסֳһ˵ĻᣬҲԼ
˵ͷҶף⣬һжãҲǹǹλ¡ֻҪǺãǱ㶼ˡ
Ϊ˼ҵһĸжϾ¶
ٟRȫûŸжǾŴ˾⻰ףڹֻҪɵĵءٟR¶ɼδһȴͨ
¡
Ϸ˽һǰˡͱ֣̫ҪСһЩ޷Ұף۽üҵȥ¶ƣȥˡ
ʵϷ˵úŵ֪֮ꡣ
λҲûɷСģ
˵ЩñطĻ޷ǾٟRˣǿٟ꣬RҲź٣ǰͯģ
Ϸ̾˼ǹǹλ£Ҳʱʱǹ̫֪̫ɰã
˵ĸһжá
Ϸ˿ٟRٟRͷĸͦõġ
Ϸһ飬ףǱãұİˡ
ٟR룬ĸܿңǲչɫɫءɴÿҲȥĸ밲ѵ绹˵ٻɣ
ٟR˵ĸڹʱʱ߶ĸǰָҺͻ˵ֲĲʹãֻõġ
һϷݵ򲻿ɣ£򲻿ɣ
Ϸ˵ʹвͬӵģ͢ʲôʹǾʲôʹûвõĲʹֻòʹˣ
ҵݣ򹫷˽һ⳼ЦҲλµӵܣϷ˵˾ǻТУѿ𸴣Ҷıʹб͵첻ĥñ˵ְʹ¡
ҴҲƴǣٲλѭ˽
ҲǺæû뵽˽ٟRһգͬҵ̬Ҫˣȷڴʱʼݡ
ٟRһˣĸˣǱģҲһ仰¡ҲǸıʲô߹λʵȱѡҲ˵ѭ˽
򲻿ɡϷ˼Ӧÿƶ͸Ӳ±ҪģвΪѭ˽
ǿģλ¼ǹĸǹңһůģǵĹ֡㹻ˡͬǼǹĸһǹŵǼǹΪݣҪΪ棬õСС;Ϊҵǲ͡
Ϸ˵ѭ˽֮ҹѰԵº񰮡
æ˵ĸԸҲˡҹȻз֮ҡ
ٟRһƽ飬ʣ֣ʲô㣿
¾ͺúõ
ڸʲôٟRʡ
ſڣֻǵЩɢƽʱʹЩ
ٟR˵ûʹô
ڸԭǵ۶ʮ֮⣬̫үߵֵӵɣ̫ʵǰ֮ȵ䣬ڸԱ꣬ǰ֮Ҳȡ֮
Ҳڸţֻ˶в롣SG
ƽʱʲôٟRʡ
ͣȥʱ٣мλҲ겻Сᣬܹͷ£ʹ͸ҷһ֡
ûѲ֮ôҲˡ
˶룬Ǹ˲ʹҲû
˵ɢһˡȥʽ顣
ţԾѫӵܵĵطٟRͷط
ҲĿٟRֻ΢оȣָܿƽ࣬ãô˵S
ٟRԭ룬͢ôзٵĵطίʵֳ뵽ǰ˵⻰ʡһԽ죬˵طɹ˿ءȻ󣬺һ죬Ǹõط룬ͷǲµϹٶͷҲûˡڸɢֻ֪ҪģҶõ
ôһ˵ٟRԼĻ
ֻ²ס
ٟRһ䣬þͺڣǳɲˣҲû˵ǡ
ͷ죺£⻰ʵڵҲ̹߯ˡ


84 



ĵڰʮ 
ٟRԽڸǸλ,ǲĿӶţٟRΪбµ,ո¶ͷǵĻᡣ״,͵һЩδǺ¡
ңĸ˵ı̬,Ҳһ㡣
ֻǣȻ,οĸ²,߶ûꣿ
ȻҲûҪֻʹ˼,Ҳûʲôˡ˵,ٟR͸ֳ飬˵,м¿ͣʦҲׯ£,ǲȥһʦ,Ҳһ
Ҳá
һ˵вιۡ
ȻΡ룬Сϸ,ûǧ÷֣Ҳ͡ϧֵ϶,ֻ֦,ʣ¼ƬСƿҶ֦ͷķɪɪٟRŮϰ,Ц˵,¹,֦,˵֡
Цǡͷֱ˵½֡
ԭˡ˵ô½֣ԵʡͷָϹҵԼָĺ첼滹׺ӣڷһһΣͦÿʣʲôҿ滹д֣
͵Ըǹ飬ԸдڼϣֻҪĳϣԸʵ֡
ٟRЦƣ۱мƣǳ޳ǽ治ԩ
ٟRֵøüкüԸҪд
´ϲ۽üҶ˳ӦǡϵʱʱԤţȡ
ٟRʶ֣Сѧձдֳ֣дٟR˵֣Ҳд
Ҳ꣬ЦҲá
̧ںñīֽ̺дһԸ̩񰲣ԸĸԸĸǧꡣ
ٟRڱ߶ֳдã˵ѾлдˣٸдһԸ⡣
ЦĪȤҡ
ʵġٟRָͱֳ첲һ£дд
дԸ˳졣
ٟR˵ƽ̩
ƤϱԼףԼ
ôˣѵԼõģٟR󷽷˵
ˣдĸƣˣȻ䣬Ѱ˼鷽λϡ
ţϷ˵Ҳд˼ƹϣ˵Ǳġ
Ϸ²Ҳӱдˡ˵ǰĸ˵ĸ鼫ãȻڸաݡ
ٟRҲͷ֡
˿ֵ֪ĸЩӹǶǲġ
Ϸ˵Ҳûʲôϡ棬дöˣҲˡ
ٟRĸҲ˵¹ڼ֡
ٟRȻһ조ĸϷ˱ʷһ٣Щдᡣ
ٟRֵĿĸϷ˼æ뵽ʱ̫Ҳ˵⻰
⻰֪ǰϽ鲻ٟRΪĸĸĽѸеϧS
д꼪ƣ͵ŵʱ
ٟR˵ϻкüիʲôõģֻҸһ
ҲŸһϸµ˼ЦֹҲмɳիλƷ
ҷϯҲϣԣŽ⡣
ϸ£ŹۣҲͷдɨԤ֮£ʶԹǼģʳԲҲչ˵ĸⷹζΡ
Ϸ˵ͣͷҲˣ͵ĵܳڡ
ǣʿڵģĸڡ
ٟRǣٟRֱӣŶԿڵģһ䣬ŲϲģֱӾ˷һϡѡϲĲˣһըӣһ񷹣һǰ趹Ķذװ׵һ裬ǳԲڣһѩɰһ쳣
ٟR˵ⶹҲԵĵζ
ʵҲζ˹ϵֹ֭ͣʡ
ٟRһȥŷĳӣҲѧ
˼򵥣һϵ¡
ҾͲˡ
ϵϷ£ʵ˱֮
ٟRΪĸϧĸζˣЩڵĲ²ʡСˣͰˣĸһЩͬĸŨͳུζ㣬ĸ϶ϲ
Ϸ˸С꣬ˡµ⣬ʲôϲ
ٟRһЦҪŲʣĸֻ˵ǲˣ
Ϸ˵ڼңҲŹΪйƳף˵ǳ幫ЩǣҲܾ
ٟRЩûëҪҵһǲУҪŮվж֪ˣʢˣŮҲɳˡ
컷йĸǰЩӣҲһˡ
컷ԭѶٟR֮λ컷ûؼ游Т֮ʧٹ컷ʹТҲٸٟRˡ
ҲǴСʶģ棬Ҳмȡ
컷˵˵ȥһҳʳӣҸʱҲȥ˳ȻζйȥϷ԰Ҳȥˡĵ¥ĽзζãֻзƫҶá
⼸ٟRȥĵطϻһӱˣ컷²˵
μ˴˶ͦ죬ùźһδϷ˱عˣ޲ܶλ˵˵ֻ캮ͷҲ̣λ»ЩعҲ⹬е
Ϸ˻м£дһӣϳ֣̫
֣ؽӹΪĸ
֮ǰϷһһö˵֣ȴϷҪǰǳֱ̣ȥԼĸվڹǰԶạ̇̄ߵһߵţͣ£Ŵ򿪣ͷŵ̵Сɽȥĸ˵ҲˣĸͣҪڷо
̼̹ȥ
ٟRסСɽһȡ
ֳҪֳ磬ݸСɽĸȥ˵ֳģҲĸء
Сɽӹ磬˹ȥ
ǰУƽȵĻصС
Ҳ˵Ϸ˼һϲӣصУĸӡ
֣̫ˣǽг̣໰٣ֻٟR࣬˵Ҳ˵۵ļƺµƣԼЦĲᡣ֣̫ɵ۽¶Ц⡣
۹׸ʳٟR˾ǽŷŷѧҪġ
಻֪ĸĸӵ̬ȣЩǣҵǡٟRδ·ϣѾתˣҪôܹܵģٟR˵˰ճȤ£Ŷð뷹
ҹ
ϷշתߣˮԾźɡ
⣬ʲôŨͳུζ㣬ֲܷ˹ĺ⣬ʱ;̵Ҫֻǲ¶ٟRҪζãθڡ
뵽ӵ̬ȣҶ׽Ϊ˸غ񣬹Ź־飬СǺõġ
ҹ
֣̫裬δϷ˳ϵӣֱڡ̿ĽУ˲ð̽ζת۱棬ӳ֣̫۾ûʱոɾ


85 S



ĵڰʮ 
ǵڶȥֺʡ,ĸ˵ĸ¡
ҲʮֹУ˵ˣ˵ĸ,ֻıǰοҡĸ˵˵,ĸɻ
Щ,Ǽģһȥ,ֹ,ҿĸɫ,
ٟRҲ˵,ĸͦõģͷİɡĸ˵,ûָֻʹڸ
ǳĸף̾,ڸǾǸвĵطĸǵ۰,žܾġ
ٟRø£ƤҪĸ㲻,ȥʡĸ˵Ż,,ȥ,Σ
ǹ,ײɵ,æ,˵һԱ˭ģҲ黻ʵڲʹ
ͱ߶߶ˣĸü⣬ܾˡٟR˭ﴫŶ
ʲôʡ
ʲôٟR˵֪ȥ
ٟRΪȽɵ֪ͷЩ£ڹҲܰȹӡٟRС˵йһȦ۾ʳü£ҽͷ¶ģҾͻĸһ˾ȥ˭ôϢͨͨ⣡
ŵĹǶͷȥʳа㶯
סٟR֣ʲô磡Ժ˾ҵˣ޵Ůвǹҵġ
ٟR˵Ǿһ䡣
ٟRĸ׵ĸĸ˾ˡ綼ûҪʹ˼û˭µ˾͸ţ˵Ҵ
ٟRǸעԼȨԸȻССƭٟRͬĸ׵ԭΪ˷㣬ɱ㣡
ġԭҲĸǡȥĸܺáǸǰ֪һкЩһȥ
˰ɡĸ˵͵Щ
ţȥӡͷĸ˵ĸúùӣüǹͷ
̾⣬ܲǹء֪ǺãҲͷˡ
Ǳĸףٹ·ϣ˵ٟR˵˵Ǽ仰Ҳ̫ˡ
ٟRҿʳɵġ
ĸ֣ĸʳֵֶŮ
ٟRСȭͷ»ٸĸҷǰ¶ʰˣ
Цôôѽ
¶ٟR˵룬ⲻôû¶ǵôĸġ
ЦþȫУҿĸһ档
ٟRֹģǲһ
ôһأЩ͸ҸҲS
ٟRǵļңԼѵ᲻ã
ٟR̾ĸⲻǵǵңǵİɡ
δ벻˽ģǰůǢ˵ʵҲͦĸң㲻ô
ٟRûֱӻش𣬶˵Ҳûð͢ҪʲôãǱҲŹɷѵ͢˾飬ܸıʲôƵġ
˵Ϊ顣
ٟR˵ǻ翴ּôġȷǴ͢ѵᴦһȹڣȻˣΪ飬ܵ˺أǵԩҪôأ
һʱٟRסˣϸ£ȻҲԩ֮ˡ˵µѰˡҪ㣬ô죿
ѭС˽ĵطѭС˽Ҳ㾡⡣ٟR˵Ͻɡ̫ʵڣҿĸͦ˽ġ
࿴ĿⴿֿõͷһЦδԡ
ٟRĿֳ֣˵ͷҵĹˡ
ҿĶˣ
ٟR˸Сٺ٣һȦСĺܡûš
ٟRԼ
ЦûᣬرÿS
ٟRŲ˵Сˡ
ºЦû뵽ûְġ


86 



ĵڰʮ 
ʵ֪ͦҵʧĸ,ٟR֪ҵ׷ʲôʧô
ٟRܸɴ֪࣬
ٟRϽ,ӾǴͷСƵ,ɵС÷һһ,ɺÿˡ
ٟRʣÿĸ,,òŪڳ,Ҳûˡ
ϼŷһ֭,ٟRһζٟRĸסֳ,ѳԹģͷҳű۸һЩ
֣̫ɵ۶˵ˬƷ,ٟRͦ,˵ĳӣ˵,ְҼţһҪ,ŷһ,ĸǱ߶ȥ,ҸТĸġ
ֵ,,ūˡ
֣ʺٟRТ,֪ǳѧĲˣһȷ۵ա֣ʺǵСʱĸ۰ɳԹһء
˰ŲˣϲЩ
֣ʺǵͬŷԸһ䣬Ǳ߶ӡ̰Rʦˡ
ЦӦ£֪˱ǹТģҲ˵ƽʱæƽҲǹ׽ǹ
һˡ
Ҳæµ֣ʺ֣̫ٟRͽһѧЩ
֣̫˵Ҳм¸˵
ĸԸ֣ʺ裬һڡ
ǰR飬ѡ˼µĺʱ룬СסһԺӣΪúǾϤҲ֣̫֡񶼴ЩˣӱҲ빬ˣ⹬ԵļԺʰRӱһһԺӡǾԼԼԺӵ¡
֣ʺȽ˾ůˣͿʼʰЩĩܰᣬЩʱҲصõġ
²иá֣̫ԭðRӹԼ¿ʼѧ£¹񷳶࣬һ⣬һģúõ³̣ĸﶯЩ񡣡
֣ʺϸͷˣȲаRܡ룬µļµðR죬С棬ǴļһиִС񣬵ðR
֣̫ͷǡѧͬ˵ͺø֣Ȼ⡣
ЩҲˡ
Ȼ䲻ü죬棬ҶСЩ׼ɸŮ֣֡ʺСʱҲĸסĸѧԹŮӣСҪӴݡ
֣ʺΪĸٟRϵҲ¡
ٟRѧ֣̫˵£ٟRȻԸ⣬ǽЩż٣hҲûؼҰæ
⻹û£ٟRС󣬴˺ͷż١
ڶ죬ûٟRݶġ춼ɵ۴ȥٟRԴǲȻԲμ괺ļũ񣬿ɼ첻ȥǲ̫⡣
Ҳ֪ʲô
ΪֻлʼҿԾеʽڼǰ죬ɵ۾ڹԡի䣬໹Ҫ飬ʽûɵ۵֣أҲʳء
ٟRü죬ԣóأǰԿЩϻ֣̫Щ嵭İܻҲ٣ÿϾʹС鵽ǹſĸ׼Ʒ
ʽǷǳӵģ׼ĶҲǳࡣ
кܶһּƷ֣Ʃ磬ʱõλԼֲֶӵȣЩ׼
Ҳһ֣ƩʱõľơȵȴƷ˾׼
һ֣Ҫ֣ʺĵġ
ٟR˾ϵĵӣľơȼжӱҲſ˻ٟۡR˵µ档ĸȥ𣿡
֣ʺ˵ʲôܵģܹܣȥơ
ܹܵ˻ҵģȥʰɾ˹Ьȹ
ٟR֣¶ԽԽúáѲǱ߻߰ģһõġ
ܹܣ
ܹæҲࡣ
ٟRǫѷĲǵطˡ
ܹܵҪѲӣ򵼡
֣ʺ󴽽һ䣬ٟRסٟR˵ðɡҾʹĸȥƣҲܹܵΪ
Сܹȥ˾׼Ʒĵط
ǹУ湬̸Цȥ롣׼Ʒⲻ֮£ζЩš
ٟRǿûӣͷϣŵļƷٟRȥԲ鿴һϸĳߴ磬ϵС׼ȥóӱһȣԲԡ
ܹܶߺڱ߶ϻص·ģһߡ
ٟRǴ¡֪ȻģֻҲҪ࿴ͷĿӣȻҲͲ
ǡܹ˵ССͣɱȴźˡ
Ȼ׼ľˮɹٟRһһƹŲӣСǻˡ
Ȼطǹĸ֣ʺ˵˼ùóһȣȻĳߴǹġٟR˵ܹ»ȫ
˾׼飬ʹڼ֮£׼ˡҽҲæڴ¡ȥѲǱߵ׼
ٟR飬ѧչõʵвУʦһΣҲȥƣ۽硣
鿴֣̫󣬡¶ɲ̫ġ
ٟR۰Ͱ͵Ŀĸ֣̫ЦȥȥҲûΡСҪùǱȥɱĵط֣̫Ųྻ
鹪ӦǡȥǱߣһ
ٟRԼʱ䣬ڶźӹ¡
ʱ٫h˵ҪȥĵطҪҪҲիһ١
ٟRʳƫ嵭ֻܺȵһ⻰˵òãɱĵطɱģֲ죬ǹȥæի䡣
٫hһ룬Ҳ
Ҷû뵽ȥ֮ؿ۽磬쳣
ǼֱһһҲֵˡ
ڶ죬ٟR黹˳Թгһֱĵ·ƽϽ񹬣ٟR³ڽ
УļвҪҵĵһϸ¿
ٟRۼ˲֪ʱҵƱ˻ߣŵҲٟR˵ɡ
ЦǹͷƸϵģÿƸ˸߾ɾų߾Ŵ磬Ҳصôźá
ٟRӨ˵Ҳá
ǵ۶ҵҲмĹϣȼʱϨԼ䣬˳ٟR񹬴СһŰپʮյϾž֮
ٟRͷһؼƣģտա󣡡
麬ЦҲǳĵˡ
̫࣬ͳȥɡҴµǱȥٟRߣٟRСŽЩ
Ʒ࣬Ҳ룬ֻǲ֪ͻȻڹʲôй˼У󣡡
٫h֣ٟRûع񣬾͸оʲôӽ´ڹٟRⱲӻûһײϡ
˾ǷӦ죬һٟRûٟR
˵û¶Ѿܳȥˡ
ɾڴʱᣬĵϣžһ죬ֻ޴̮һ롣Ҷһ
ٟRҲһ񣬿飬ôʵģ˵Ҫϸߵĸϵô
ݣԭӦʵġȥѥͲȡһذףˢˢƵ¶ϴš
̹ԱһԸ飬һóƼ飬Ƽҵļ
ٟRͬʦڼǰˡ
ʦǳĸǡ
ٟRЩ˼İڰ֣øлֻ󡣡ط٣ٟRʣԵǲҲҪ¼һ飿
ȥˣܽ˶ֽţҲˡ
عٟRͬĸ˵ˡ
÷ˣҪʱǻ˻Ϩˣ಻
֣̫в뿵Ͳλϴˡ
ٟRЩԾҲǸ¡룬ȼʧ󣬱Ȼ񲿸ʦֱ׵壬ٟR˵Ҳ֪˭ôҪʦ


87 



ĵڰʮ 
γ,Ǿִ̼ʦԤһıٟRСܽ,ɼǺõġ
ӱ˵,֪ʦ˭˳һӾҪʦ
٫hŵͷ,٫h뽪ӱѪͳԼ֮Ǻܿص,Ҳ֪Ҫԡ
һʦ,֣,ɲ˵,ʦĳҰǶɽ
չҲһͬ
ٟRһ,ʦô
ǰ֣˵ûʦЯذ׷ô
ٟR˵,һ佫Ҳ,ʦ䰡
ǡǳҶࡣ֣˵˵ּҰ,ʦְ̲˵һ,ʦҪһشɱʱ,̫ﲻ,רŴʦһӽȫ
ٟR˵,̿;Ȼôţʦʱ϶ûڹְ,ʦ,ô
ڡ֣٫hչһ죬ˣһ۫һ࣬һ游
ٟR˵ǵöٴ̿Ͱʦ󣬾Ͱôɱģø˴ɱ
ǵûС֣ȺĲյҪʦȽкޡͷ²˵
ٟRĶкޣҿʦͦõġ
֣¶ΪģչٟRĿ֣֣ǿɱ˵ȥ¶Ҳܶˡտ϶Ҳ֪ġ
չͷʦ¶ֵ֮£ֵܰʦӹΰ
ٟRҪʦǴ󹦳ˡ
׹չ
ʦҲʮֵʮǰ¶ˣʱʦᣬôĹٟRɳʵס
ӣչﶼЩΪˡ
ӱ˵չ֣£ⶼ˵ͷˣʹ˵˵¡ôˣ޷ǾСŲ֪Щ͵ĹԱ϶֪
ٟRһЩ֪ʲô˵Ļô
֣Ѳյһ̣ɴ˵ˣҲǲ˵ǿɲʦǰ͸ʲôⲻõġ
˵ţ֣չһۡ
չͷ¹ʦļ¡
֣ʵ˵Ҳʦ
չΪͬʦҪã˵̫
˵˵ӱӱȽϼ
ٟRҲ˵Ҫġ
֣㲻ҴŲţ¶˵ôǰǰε˵ˡһ˵ȵȥˡ
һ괺ǣһ״Ԫܣһ״Ԫٳɵ۶Ĳӡǵǣ״Ԫʮ꣬ῡţͷһʱ
ܿ죬״ԪκԺѧʿΪλѧʿպࡣ
״Ԫ׺󣬷޶˺ͨһʱΪٳ̸ֻϧܷһŮ״ԪϥӡܷΪ״ԪңҲֻŮֱ״Ԫ󣬹پ֮λӡ
֣̾һ꣬ǴǴ֮꣬ؾӷ۶ǣһ˷ͷʢ룬ʦˡ˵ʦͷ֮ʢŮ˭Ҫûùʦʫ䣬Ŷû̸ʡ
ңһԭȵ飬֪ιʣĵ㶡Ϊ
չ˾䣬˵ʦдţӡȵۣȵ۲Ÿĵ㶡ġ
٫hףΪʲô
ӱ϶йϵ˵ڿƾУݹϵľҪӡ
ٟRͷʣѲʦĶӣ
֣µˣ
԰㶼˵жȱˡ֮λʦĶӣȻ˭ôٟRСĿȾҲ֪Ƕôλã
ٟR֣ôȱӣ檣Ϊʲôϻʦò۲ѧһһ״Ԫ
˵֣Ҳ˵˴һ׮֮ˡͷŮӣֲˡʦɲʦϼԭճӡ
ٟR󾪣ȢŮ֮ǰϼҳɹˣ
ӱҲǲ˼飬侹£
չŰɣȷʵ
٫hɡҾ϶˵ƶ󸻹ǲ㿷֮޵ġ
԰԰ӱ˵״ԪѵôɷҲʵġ
չ￴ٟRٟR˼Ƭ̣˵ее˵Ȼ£ɷҲ¡Ů룬ڴУɷҲ׼
չͷǣʱ¹ڦ߼࣬óΪ֤Ҳֻܱ졣
ٟRѾףΪʲôּҵӹΰˡӱչǽʲô£ʦˣҿʦ̰ƺƵˡ
ûСǺ϶ӣʦչ˵Ҳ
֣Ҳ˵˵꣬ץӸΡ룬üʮûӵ棬Ȼ䣬콵ôϢӡʦҲһһĹˣ״Ԫʮ꣬״ԪͻҪꡣ˵ûģǼһٸӵ˼ңҲõɻ
Ϊ϶ӣ֪˶ȥ˵֣͡գ游֮ȥǰɣJG
չЩûӣ˵֣游Ҳȥô
֣游ʵȴּҵӡ
չ˵ҼҲһ
ٟRɫЦ϶ûʦĺû
֣ЦͲˡʱּܼ֮е˺ܶ࣬ûһʦġ
ӱʣǺأ
Ƕޣ˵ʦĸǰĺܿ࣬ûʦ͹ȥˡҲûˣʦȫˣţʿݸѧ顣ʱνѲĶ࿴ʦ£ʦӣʦݸ˾˺󣬵ڶ۶ǣһٶ֣˵ֻҪǸˣ뵽Լĸôô
ӱնܡɵʱּ֪ϼȢ޵ô
֣֪֪ģּҲ֪Ҫ˵Ҳ֪ѰջȢҲŮҵôҲҸŮҴŮƷɣּ֪ʾɱ£Ҫ˵ʲô´ûɹ׶ּҼ޵ĿǵŮ
ӱʣǽôˣΪʦˣҲʦɣ
ۣȵ۷ʦ顣֣˵
ٟRһ֪ô˵ɫȵ¶ģ治զء
Ҳʦ뻢ѨȻּҰѳֳ˵һĶô׾Ѱּּ֤ء֣
ȥٟRˣѹֵôʦôˣ
֣ϵԾˡ
ҶЩꡣٟRȴ˵ĺáˣԾֺʦ˵ʦҪвţҪòòҲ֪
ɲôΪʦֵӱҲͬʦ֣ѵôֵ꣬Ҫʦ
ҲŹȥʮô˵ʦĳҲֵֻ˳ܼ˶ϴһ飬ʮһܵġ֣˵ƽʱ̱ٳϵҲ١
٫hΪʦôңô
ٟRҲпôңʦλϣɼʦı졣
֣ؿǶ˹
֣˵Ƶ¡
ٟRǺʦԼ˵룬Ҫǻ˻ϹٶƷܴȥҲʦмʶǹȥҲԼһ١
ʦôֲһҲûףô׵ܺúûŶˡ
ʦӵģٟR룬ʦĵӣԺǵչʦЩʦúùӡ


88 



ĵڰʮ 
ʦܿܵ˹µĹذ,죬ɵճǰ߿̾ҪϽ񹬣سҪ,ֱһû˯
Ȼ,󣬻񲿵˸ʰ,ĹţƷİڷԼšʳƷ,ɵ۶ʹͽ,Щʹ;񲿰æš
漰еʹ,˾ӵ⡣
,һֱæظ
һظͽӵ˹͵ůӭ,ϴһ˵ˣ´÷⡢ҡ,۽,˵Ǵ˽࣬˳Եġ
˫Ž΢ˮУ̾
ԴӸʷѧʦ,ĵʵݣ,˫ʹ,һǳ͢,Ʒеġһٹ͵,ӹʦǶеġ
,,СʦǶ𾴣ڹ˵ϻʲôöǣ㻹һݡ
ǰҲʱʹϹ޳Сīֽڵĵģû͹S
ⶫźܽˡ
ȻǹʷѧʦҲ׽
׽ֱʹ͵ķ˻ǲһ׽
Ҳǹĸָо̫Щ
Ҳ֪ҽࡣʹҲûãɢȥ˾С
Ц𣬡Ķܲһء
ˮ˻ţһòŮСӽǰϥ̿һѩײһ˫ݵķ۰׵ĽţɺͿһ࣬ҽѨλصõİ
ֱݹţֻ˯ǰһյȺ̣Ϣȥˡ
ȥｲΣⱻһƵ£ҲߴҴԵɣ˵ЦƵƵǼҽ˴
ԭǳգӣ˶Ķӡ룬⺢Ӻ󣬳̫̫УλӱЩΡ
ʱôӣҲӡɳ˽ģ봫ԼҶӡ
ɴֳ¹ʡ
Ӻˣһȫץ˴Ҳؽմˡ
չԭ£ǲѶˡ
ٟRܱһˣ治һӣǸƵĲҵǴҲǣͶСĺܡҲë߳ƣĶѰƵٴĲҵһˣһš
ΪôС£һӽˡ
Ц˵û˼ɣǴ
ܵͷβȻüǹҺЩӡ
¾㷭һҳ
ȹ࣬ŮǱżˡ
ٟRҪڹ֣ʺҲ٫h˻ؼңҲѧϰ񡣽ӱûأסٟRһ֣ʺѧϰ
ʱٟRһСʦʦֿģ۰
յٟR࣬ȷˣһǷʲô£զô
ѲǹͻȻҰĲң
ԣʷ̫ûöࡣ
Ҳûֻʷ̫ʷ̫ĵλһ͡
ͻȻΪʲôôð
ƾǻۣӲû뵽֪Ǽʷ󣬶Ĺذ
֪ԴףԸ׵籣Ȼ󣬸һѧǣ֪׵ĸˣ
ѴñҲ군ˡJ
ԣ飬Ḷ̌Ӳʦλöû
ԣһԵ飬û뵽»ͬػ
鵹̽˹һأٟRģһر⡢ر㡱Сûͬ
룬ԴƾٸУû˸ͬ
ολ
ɹǲǸ϶ˣô
ɿ˻Ĺػ⣬ʱͦ
ʵ벻ͨɴ಻ˡ
˭֪Сʲôأ
ǶãֲǶ
ҪΪҲȫܵΡ
СɵҲҪӡ׼ˡ
ֵĹԱҲؼҹꡣ
Сڶ죬յ͵˼Ѽ⡢Ʒߣ޹УЬࡣG
ЬֱӰŸᣬ뵱ʱ˵һ䣬£ʡʵ۱£Ҳûʹ͹ܳ
ڹٟRĸ˵أǰҶ֪ʦ£֪ʦĸԵǳ˵ôסʦʲôӣڻһġͲܽʦһҵøչЩ
֣̫ף£ӷ͡㼴һʦҲĺ⡣֪׵һôͬģRǵһ
ٟRϧһʦȥʦ꣬ʦ˸ˣȻ尡
ʦ


89 



ĵڰʮ 
ٟRĥŴʦ,ӱ˵ûգ,й,Ҫдڵ۶Ĺǡ
Ŷǳ޹Ůҵ,Ҳ⣬Ҫмġ
,ٟRԽܿ,Ǿȥ˳衣
ӱǸ,ҹؼ,ҲҸҸһȥӵģԵóŮ󡣡
ӱ˵,ʲôʱʦȥ
ٟRָӣУǳ,Ҫ˷ڽǵġĶȥ,Ǿͳɡҿ˵Сꡣ
š岻꣬ܽйꡣӱҲͬʱ䡣
ſС,һһţǽٹ֡һʱ,ֽ,˵˴ŵʱ,Ц,,ù١
֣̫,ǰæôˣJ
ţˡٟR˵ĸ˵Сûʲôˡȥ׼´磬ᡣ
ӱǵڶڵ۶꣬ҾŸع궼࣬ᣬֵĹ
ٟRʣӱ㣬ڼƽûرķף
ӱԱҲһ£ҲûС޷ھǼƽ䣬ѩ󣬶ˣǻƹڴ⣬ɺÿˡ
ٟR˵Ҳͦģ԰Сﶼ˱
ӱ˵һ飬ҿܲУ
˵ЩĻһȥůš
ҪԵůڲźãٟR͸ǳǳΣƶϹҵķɫС׹һӨɰ
࣬˶ڻʺæڶϣùžǹȥˣʱҲûޱƵ¡
һعĸöȣ֪пж
ٟRӱľ󳤼ʶ
֣ʺ˵ģ˾Ԥ۶ĸʹٟ͡R棬ĸ귪Ҫ۶ô
ǰÿ궼۶밲֣ʺ˳Ը˾⻹ϹʹڣҲ͵ˣҲҪ׼ᡣ
ܹ֣ʺԸϣȥ
֣ʺٟRϹǻʹá
ٟR˵ǰû˵Ϲʹǰ
ǱЩ겻̫ƽ˵ʮ任һǰʹûߣͷһͷǲֱӰǰͷˡΪģǰͷǲǸްɵģ˵˲㡣
ٟRЦˣ£
ǰ֣ʺλǻأӦǰˡ
ĸ󣬵ʹˣһҲơٟRͰʡ
С֣ʺһӦ£תŮȡ񲿵һɵ۳г
ٟRӱһ߶һһ𿴡
ٟR߿˵һôЩˣĳ佫ģҾͲһȥʲôģûķݶ
֣ʺ˵캮ضģ䰡
ഩˡٟR䣬ңñ˵ȥã䲻ȥɲһ¡
֣ʺӣųӵ£¡µĺܣȥˣҲſȤ
ٟRɼĹ۵㣬ⲻȥȥ¡
СӣͰЩ˲øɵ¡
ٟRԽμӵĻԽȤ
ο٣ʲôȤ
֣ʺ˵¶ûӣ͢й񷨣ôЩ궼Ǳ´ŻӳȥûҪȥȻ
ٟR˵Ҳ֪˭Щء
֣ʺ˵ƽЩԼ˵¡轫ʱ˷ЩԼ֮ϣ
ٟR룬Ҳ
ȴһ˿ǣ֣ʺЦŮ˳Ƴ칬İš˴һæµЩ³ӣбԪڵĴ硣
߱µĸʹˡ
ٟRС֣ʺҲԤһʹ͹˵ĶӰСɰ֮ġ
ӱҲһݣֻҪٟR١
ЩΪ˷㡣
ٟRĸܾ壬ԼǸˣҲĸźá
ٟRڷǹʶٹĹȥٟRʣʲô£
Ц𣬡ƽ޹̫밲޹¸˵̫˵ǹ£ùȥø⡣
ٟRŲǻ£Ҳ֣ʲô£֣ʺ˵ĸȻȥƣһٹ
ãȥɡ
ӱ˵Ҳȥ
ȥɡ
˾ǸٟRȹϵö񣬽ӱŮҲú磬Ŵ֣ʺһλٹ
ٟRƽĸˣ̫̫λֻǿݸߣٟRֱһƽ֣
ҼٟR˵˵¡
֣̫ƽЦеģٟR͸ˣ档˵ǵô̵Ǹ
ǵãǽֵܣôˣ
˵ⲻô˵ܹշ׼ֻݵ΢ûȥ뵽̼ңҵǼܼҲҵ飬æ¸Ҵ磬ҴҲ֪飬ƭӣң룬ȷô¡˹Ķݣб֮ģ֪ұĸһ¸֪ҴҲˡ
ʵٟRû̵·ϣǼ˶ˣͦסҶ֪Ͻ꣬û뵽һ⼸˻ǵá
ٟRҲͦˣΪšҲǲ£Ʊϻϲҡ
ƽ⻰ЦٟRݣ˰ͽֻû·⼸С⣬Ȳ飬ҲǸԼıǰ̡
øٟRٟRƣѼ֮һЩƤӣǺʵϵĶ
ٟRĸΪš
֣̫дĲôҲţٟRʹеĶһɰ
ٟRͷ˾ǣɰżСӣ֪ǲԣġ
ͷҰѶȥ
Цֵȡ
ٟRԳ̥ûȱиʹͣеģȫУʱҪࡣǣǵһһ˵
ָоȫͬġ
ٟRţԼӴ˾ǸĴˣ磬Ҳûô˾ģ


90 



ĵھʮ 
Դյ,ٟR·ƶһˣÿ춼Сӣ,ˡ
յһ,ζǷͻɫ¨渲ź첼,żֱֽȻһϢٟRͷСԴ,ϲġ
ÿһ涼ĸ,ϵź,˫ᡣ
һЩƤӶ,ģٟR,Ǵ۶
ٟR󣬺ܴ󷽵Тĸʡĸĸ,ֳ,ԼûǸĸһŵġ
ٟRСʵƽʱԵĲ,⼴ʹˣɱȽϷ,á
زһ,һֻѼ,ѼʱȻҾ,һɾ,ٟRζյТ,ζζΣҶЦ˵ãٟRͿɸˡ
ͬʱҲٟRʹ͡
ֳ޴򷢳ž͵ȥ࣬ʤڹģ棡
ž⵱ֵڼң¶˹ѧǷżˣֻǰæȥ̫̫Ѿ׼ĲȣžӢѧѷż٣ڼҿ׼ڶ괺ѧԡ
޸ţѾȥţ˵⣬æ½˵
̫̫ɬϾһլŮӣýӴСԴɷСΪ˼ҼƣӲͷƤҲˡ
̫̫ƣµѾСӳһ͡
´ССլԺɵʮ䣬һСԺԺһҶ֦⻹мȸĿյӿǣ£λεĹ֦ͷ
һʱžӢСԺλ¼
½ϻСӹ˫ַ̫̫ЦϴүҼ׸µ񣬹յˡ˵Ϊšǹʹ͸ϵģ̫̫¡
̫̫翴СõĽϻֻ벻ǹ¸ʹͣ¼Ⱦϲһʱ֪ηӦ
̫̫ȷƷְڹٳҲֻǵƷٽףĪ˵ݣǼʵȨ̫үҲôġ
ǹʹ̫̫ͣæվŶӾ͹ˣϻݣ˫ֺʲ˼ڶӵĲ¸һæ񣬡Ҳң̫ˡ
̫̫ˣ۶ûϵĴ󸣷֡ʵмշˣ뾡һ˵ĳֲ֪ξççײײ󵽸ϡҲ͸˼ңǴֱȻĶĴ󸣡
˫ֲĽӹĽϻ˸
µҲǸϼλү빫µۣǳТ£⸣֡
ǣǡ̫̫ϻǰ֣ǵݸСӣҲմһմĸ֡
Ѿȥǵůůӣġ
Ҳ˳̫̫Ӧ۶Ѵȹǵƣ̫̫ݳһСڴʣҪùûȥ
ʵȴˡ
ߺ̫̫ҲβˡžӢ˵ܿϻʲô
̫̫Ҳ뿴Ľ˵²ܿûͷŶǩôǻ磬ֱӿ
žӢĽҲ֪ʲôˣ
ʲôѵõ档ֲ̫̫ڵļΪϧĸĽϻɷһӹٶҲûùĴ棡
̫̫Сӣиٸ˵˵³ʲô
žӢرÿȻϵŮÿ⻰Դһ棬Ѿͬ˵һٶʮزֹˡ
̫̫ɰ̫̫ʹͷ˵Ҳǣ϶Ůÿ
ǣĸһֱȵȻȻؼңҲǾϲû뵽ʹˡ
Ȼ٣Ҳһ˿ϲɫ
žӢæʣ磬ҲôǵĶܴ򿪲
Ȼˡôʲô
žӢʣҪҪ㰸ǰҵ˵ӻʵүʥּҪ㰸ġ
ҲЩȷˣȻӦòðɡҲǽʥּ
Ȼʹ룬Ӧǲõġ
˭Ҳû顣
ʱžˣѾž嵶žԼϵѩӣȻ˵磬ͷѩˡ
·ϿʼѩӣЩˣҪгѩ
ϵžӢֳȲݹȥžŲ裬ҲϷŵĽϻԼϻϵĶǩĶ
̫̫һϲɫ޹ĹǣѾյˣ˵ţǸʹ͡
žڽʱʹͶȥ굱ֵһ̳ƣǵֵ˶еģ빫µʹ͵Ȼһ
ž˲úȲ裬Цˣ벻档
Ц޹壬ǰѶȥˡ
žӢǼĲˣʣ磬ϻܴ򿪲
ܰ
žӢʳ⣬ϻǰҪҪа㰸ʽ⻰žҲסˣž˵⵹û˵λܣҲ֪
žǾҾɣҲǶԹµĸл
¶ðڹﵱֵ͸չǽ蹫屣ƽҲû֡ĸм޹ϣһӣ⣬ʵ滨٣͸ԶƲϹأ»ʹ͡
ԣžҾ飬Ҷͬ⡣
ǣ˶Źʹ͵ĽϻׯصҾһҾȻž¶ǩ֣صĴ򿪽ϻ
׵Ķżĺɰ
ž²豭֣ѽȥϴϴ֡
ǸȥȻһϵͷ
žתȥϴ֣ʣµˣһһȡЦžЦˣðġ
ӹŮͶˮӲɾ֣æһ𿴹µʹ͡
̫̫ŴĶͰʶӣǹдôá
žҲչȥһ𿴣ǰɡ
Ȼ˳һۣܵġǰѧձϰ֣С϶ûѧд֡ǹѧʿдģרΪԤõġ
ȻɰϻһüӡžӢ˰ʣµĺɰ˶ʮСӡ
⼸˽͸ˣҪ˵ʱֻǸмʱһضܵùʹȻٹ⣬ǹʲôͣǵ񣬾Īҡ
û뵽ˣʹ͡
棬ӾʵʵǮǲԣġ
ֻΪ⣬ߴ
žԵ֮ˡ


91 



ĵھʮһ 
ž͵Ƥ,ٟR˼ӣ˽ӱ֣̫ɵ֣ۡʺﶼТ
ɵҲ֪ž,ɼ֪ĺӡ
ʵ,ٟRƽʱòӣϾô,Ҳٺöõı١,ʱá
ǵ,ٟRҲ㡣
ȻǸһȥ,Ǹȥ,ûϵʸ
ٟRǸӡ
Ҫܵĸ֣ʺĸ֣̫Ӱ,˵J
ΪŵĸѧϰٟRʵҲûʲô£Ǹſ,в,֣ʺ󶼻Ľ⡣
Ҳʶ˵ĸµԣÿ춼Щ񣬽жҪǰ׼һĶŮڵкá
Ȼ,ЩᶼЩ˲μӣЩǵĸҪϯ,Ҫʲô,ǰźõг̡
ٟR,ĸǱ߶ʵҲࡣֻǹ¶ĸ,ĸĸǳ͢¡¹,ĸŮҲǰѸ׼á
ٟRѧ,ĸĸˡ
ȥĸμӹ¡Ҳʮļ磬гһԲ磬ҲûԵˡ
ĸ̫٣߱ɱԡ
ٟRٹԼ˾꣬ûг׼˾ǵ޷ǾǸ̫ţгҪһȥ˳᳤гҪȥҰꡣİɣū澶ġҪ·ҲԤˡ
ٟRӱһۣʣӱг̸ͬ
ٟRӱ˵ǶˣСʱһʲôǸųǵһԼĹг̲С
ӱ˵ǱǸ̫İ
ĸĸģǵǵģһģҲԼġ
ٟRֱӰѽӱ˵ˣӱ˵Щˡ
¡ȥʦ£ܸ˺ͷٟRԸβ͡
ؽӱˣӱҲٟRһ룬캮ضģҲȥԡӱǰڼƽдԵľ顣
ӱ˵Ҫǿճһ죬ר밢ӱգаǽԾơ
ⲻٟR˵ҲҪƽǳ۵ͷЩ˼ҵĹ㣬ģҲǽ֡
ٟR˵裬ȡֽǱ˵߼ǣ
˾ȡķıӱźñīֽ㣬˱дٟR˵ڳԺ󡣡
и⣬ʱɢһС˵ˣӱ㣬ǳһȥɣ⻰һȻ泩
㣿ʲô㣿ӱʡ
񸸻㡣ٟR˵
ɱǴٹ٣ȥ㡣ѵڳӺͷȱ꣬գӱãⲻ˼ʣµô
ǡٟR˫ȥ£ȥҲŲϺţЩ󳼆¡
ٟR˵ǲȥ£۶Ҳһȥۡ
¶һٟͨRֱУ˶ҲֻȥǶ尡ǶЩˡÿһعﶼй磬ǸͬҲû͹涨ֻǾᣬǻˡ
ȥĸ˵ĸҲһ磬Щ󳼵ӶٽٹҲһġ
ٟRС첲Լľ󣬡ʱһϣЩ𴲣㣬һȥ㡣һĸĸھ㣬ٹȡ֣񲻺ã
ٟRǸɰֵƢӱҲ¶ɣ˵ã
ӱ״꣬Ϳ˾ǣ˵ǰҲû裬¶ô
˾ǵɲɵģ̫ڸڣһ֪ˡ
ٟRƱ϶ɵġҲʲô£˵ҲΪĸ϶ӦġS
̾ҪŽӱȥٹ˾ЦɼʲôͷѡλﴩĴѣٟRѾС첲ȴˣһ߸˾˵Ǽ¡裬¶Ժǳˡ
ӱĸڼҲ˵ŮҪ¡
˴ѣٟR˵裬Ҳúѡ
Ҳеġİɡ¶ȸߣԣ˾Ů٣ԼڵĹˣҲʱĺ硣
˾ǴŴС˴ӵٟRӱ˵꣬ɵѷʣ֣̫ҲæٟRЦˣһ˵ôֺǱ߶æʲôء
Ҹӱճһ¡ٟR뽪ӱˣһ֣̫ңһұߡ֣̫һٟR˵̲ס֣ɼǴ
رҪٟRİİԼ뽪ӱոԭԭĸĸˡ
ٟRܽһ䣬ҲһȥҴŸҹ㵥ȥҲȥ£ȥۣûɣ
֣̫˵¶ǲֻϳЩ䣬ССͣٶš
Ҳ䣡Ҵܶѣһӣʱ¯һ䣡ٟRԼͬ˾ӱӱ㣬ô
¡ӱ˵ƽرȵ۶Ķࡣ
Ƕ䡣
Ҳúú룬¶ô³̡֣̫ҪİѱŮš
롣۳꣬ʲôֱˡٟR˵ĸӦˣҾͰĵһдǲȺУʱҲʡ·ϳӵ¡Ȼ󣬾ǳһʱĸҲٹ磬ǰһҲھһ֡
֣̫˵ҲҪȴȥ֪һӭ׼УĽҲðźá
ĸҰš
֣̫Ц㵹ͦʹˡ
ҾҪȥٟRһ֣̫Ҳ޷㶼ӦˡٟRŽӱ֣̫ߴߴһ¡
Ȼǵ磬ٟRȽ׽ģٟRʶʮλ㶼յٟRӣǴһϵżϣһȥ㣬Ϊ
յӵĹǶңֻǹǵĵֱŤоǰȥ㣬ŮǺűҲ湫ȥô붼֡
¶֣̫Ĺ඼д˸С
Ʃʷͷӷʷ·ʣ͢ż٣ʱһת룬ϱҲиɡ˵ʲôأ²ܳ㣿
⻰˵ȥġ
οԼҹŮһ²ǰҲûĸףһǲȥݣǵý硣
Ҳľٹ⣬ǰֻ㸸׽ݣû뵽ٹҲ硣湫ȥۣǵ÷ʱФ㣬ٴһѾ֣ص£Ѿӵ
ĸŮôߣʷʶȤİѶڶֻ˵һ䣬죬ǧ壬ٶš
˵ͷİɡ̫ﲻǸ۹УȻɫɫ뱸ġ
Ҳ˵Ҳ캮ûšǰĸ¶øȥһء㲻õģǸȫˡ
ǰĶŮӳţΪҿҲŮӳˡ˵
˵ͷ⻰ǡϵ֬ӡׯʱŮţΪдŮͣЩӻרŮƹ񡣡֪ĸЩ
пЩǹĶ¡
ɵ۵֪ʱٟRӶɳȥˡɵۿ䲻۾ҪŸɣֱЦ֪̾۲ˡ
Ҳ¡
Ȼ˵£ɵ۱Ҳ
ΨһˣڼתȦת˰ʱնݺݵһˤٟRӣΪʲôʱ㲻ãǵôһűµгһδ̫֡
볤ӳϱhȥź֣
ⷢŭĲˣ۫
ӵҲԥȥҲá͸h١
٫h游˵ʱʧĸס
ӷ֣һŴҲΥ湫ɷֻСȥȥģԭҲֻǣλ󡣸ûƾʵݣ˵ġ
ûƾʵݣ۫ŭûƾʵݣ
ǰ֣һСҾĽԳϣϳϿҿҵ˵ûȥ㣬֪̣ô˵Ǳձµгأûʵ˵ù֪ص˵J
۫ײǲӣҾҪô㷨ͽаhȥhһ֪
٫hһϲ
֣ȴЩ£ŹҲ̫ƱЩո˵аhȥô
ֽ۫ҭһӣӻ棬ӵⲻһðhȥƣΥ֮
Ǻðɡ֣϶Ůhڹãú÷̹
٫hͷĸİɣ֪ġ
۫˵Щ£ˣҡ
٫h˵ⲻȥϸô
ԭͦ˵ģʱȤͷʲôû˵
游ûԵĽĸױԼԺȥˡ٫h˵ĸҲȥˣ֪游ҪץĴҪѹô
֣˵˾ǱƹǵŮ٣ôʧ֮أ
٫hһ仰ĸ׸סˡ
֣϶Ů˵µö˼ŮӣϲסԣöදԽοӦ游⹫ֹȴûдӦ⹫¸߹빫ģҲӰ빫塣
٫hĿɿڴⲻǰ游ȥô
游Ǿӣ²ɶأ
Ҫ游ô죿٫hʡ
ֻȷ¡ΪҪȷԣ͵µˡ
٫hʱĸ׳壬ã
֣ЦСʱҲЩǺġ


92 



ĵھʮ 
콵ϲ
ۼֱ붼ûϲѶ
ʦ
֪۲һʵ۱¼ҫˣ,ߣǧ꣡
û뵽İ
¼ֱ۵Ĵǰ
ֱ붼벻붼Ĵ
ǡʱЩ
,Ҳ¡
۵õּ,Ƿ˵ۣݲӴˡȻСһɨ,ĴۣȻû⡣
,½,ʱ,¼Ϣĳ,ȻôضΪ
ڣнӴľ,֪׼
ֻǿϧ²ܾд²跹
һпţȻµݲʵ۱,йµĽ,ǹＸꡢʮꡢϰҫ
ɱȲ£ӴˣҲֵ
ʵ۱ûǵ,ѽ
۹һ뵽ȫݡ󿪵ĵϲھ̸Ūܽ
,¾ǵҵĸǰ
ٟRͻȻ֮ôһ,ʵզæ,æ֣ʺ󡣹,΢ҲҪŲ۵Ҫȫι̵̵Ľˡ
֣ءĳ,ĳˡ,йеϡԹϡǶ䡢ƽʷﻨɡȡȸȣɡЩҪ˫ɶԡзӡۡˮȣǹ֮
ؼǣһЩڹʮԤȫˡ
ٟRСҲòϯҪϣԣһû׼
֣ʺ룬˵ӽеһֱɡؼеЩ֣ʺԼҲԹ֮ֻǻʺõĸõвͬ
֣ʺɴԼĸ˵˳᳤ȥһˣ˳˳᳤ƽʱֻǲǰٟRڳһ֡
˳᳤֧ٟR£ŮٵҳڹųģƽʱҲóRԼƵĳô
Ůٵʺ˵һֱûãȥͷƵģݸҲá
鷳ߣʹȥ֮ǵĻҲͬʷۣûʺԹ˳᳤ҳݰɡ
Ů룬ȻǺãֻǣһҲҪģʲôأ
˳᳤ҸˣҲǾͷҪƵĳRҪˡ
ŮһЦ񳤹·Ը
ٟRʵûҪȫȥ룬ŪЩţƺƵģԵɡԣʮæµ֣һϣùţŸʴֳʱٟRһƹױС룬˸ССβڣмķͷڶ䣬ӳٟRüĵ֬ޡ
ٟRرʽŽӱǹĸ֣̫󣬡Ůͷĸ֮ΪȥˡΨԸ̩񰲡ɽ̣ĸ念̩޽
֣̫ҲʽЦһͷţȥɡ
ٟRֵ˷ǹǹĸĸֻһ״Ǳ֣ʺû뵽ʽҲرʽĶڷϣЦ˵ȥɡǾڼҵһ硣
ٟRȥȥͻء
ȻʹŽӱ˾һȥˡ
֣ʺĴһֱ͵ǹſڣٟRΣȥЦ˵ǹɡ
֣ʺֱ߶ů軺һڣһ͵ˡ
ٟRֻɣؼ־Ȼ֣ʺҲľΪޡ
ٟRһֱůεǷţԷŻεǳ˳᳤һϳٟRͷ˳ĳǰ˾ǣ裬ҵĳأ
˾ǵ΢УõǹҲιȴǹơ˴γҪΪź󣬱㽫Ҳǳġ
С¯ȡŵٟRٟR¯ô鷳ǰС˹ʲôأ
˾ɫ˹֮ȻΪҪ뱸ԹģԹءǳڴ˵ȿǲŽ빫ֻҪ⣬ǻر˳Ľ賵֮顣
˵鷳֡ŮӱʣŮӶġ˾ǵ
ٟR˵˵Ҷˡ
˾Ц˵
ٟRһС죬ͷãٟR˵㿴춼ڰǡ
˾Ц˵ǡ
ٟRĳݵſڣ٫h˵ҲѵˣѾһСˡĹǿã㶼³̫ߴߴ˵
һݵ˳ƸٟR̽ͷһӻ֣Ҫ³˵˵˾˵ȥ۰ɣʱ
ٟRҪ³˵仰Ĺʲôѽ
˾޷ֻÿ˳ţٟR³һӵٟRʶġٟRʣʲôʱ򵽵ģɰˣ
٫h˵ǶǸյһ̫ô󣬿ůˡ
ǣһ䡣
һ¯ů¯òϡ
С˵ȺٟR˫ֳǷģɫȴǲҲ˵䡣
ãǾϳˡ˵
һͷٟRϳȻλϸϣ֮㰴оλְֹĴ򣬸ϹµǺƺƵȥˡ
۶궼ܼʵ۱³⣬㰡찡갡мΡ³пͷһ⡣
ǵһμʶ˳᳤ˡSG
ϲûɽ˺ϾʼҳУҪ֡ϵĵҶĴ˴죬ҽŴ϶ι۹еɣľ۽硣
۸һýӼ׼ССĵʿϴµۣжӶۣ֪̿ͨӭݡ
ͽͽǰԶԶ½ӲӵƵǿס飬ͣ£ǰ³һӭӹµļ١
ٟRǵһα¡ԴҲѰСС룬ȻĻǶԵģᳵӹʹҲ۴ңֻǵײ֣ء
Ҳض񡣡ٟRʾƽԹŹʢշĸĸ֮ǰ㣬̩񰲣͵ˡ
һ𡱣С֮롣ó̵Ĵë̺һ㡣
ҶٟR󣬶٫hнţԴ£һֱûжʱ䣬ôߵ£游ӵµϸ¶
ǳˡ


93 



ĵھʮ 
ٟR̤ɺ̺,ʰ׶ϣһ·Ҳ˾,ٟRİλ˰λ̰λĽ,֮ųе߹ٹŮǣԼжĽ
۴Ѵ,ٟR·ԴĽٟR֪,нһ,ȻΪ˱İΣ,Ȼ,Ҳеɡ
ǰһٟR΢΢,λЩȴҲЩƣû´,Ӧǳֶ
СٟR档
ٟR,ǵһҪ֮¡
ʦǰѾںöưݵ棬ٟRǰվҲչ㣬,ǲŵġ֪ЩɶܵģȻ,۵ϵ̴ľƶ,Ҳľͷ,ֲɡ
,֮,ٟRоҲޱ
,ȼȻ󣬹תٟRٟRӹ˾һϺ򡪡
ٟR㣬˶ڰݵϣҲһƬ˾ٺһݡݡݡ
ٟRٰݡ
Ȼе˶裬СĵģٟRķŵ֮ˣˡ
˾ǷٟRͷĹҲվ
ʱǰ캮²Ϳ࣬Ϊƶѱ裬ǷȵϢ
ٟRд⡣
ٟRùﰲŸԺӣС˵ͬ㰲ƫ
ƫһݣɨĺܸɾ̿յů棬ٴС̳Ÿɸɾĺɫ棬ȷ˵ķ緶
СϰŲ㣬˾ȷٟR£ٟRҲԵĹǶˡ
ٟR׽ٟRһݣıϢ
ϴ裬ٟRݽһɫ÷ãޣ⻨治һ·ʰҲͦϲ졣Ŵйա
Цϴι¼٣Ů춼Ըֹ㡣Ǿӭ£ҲմЩʱϲ
ٟRȿڲ裬кҶٟRýӱ٫h߶ճЩطԵС
˶࣬һӾվˡ
ٟRֽӵݸ˾ǣһſվˡ
˾ǴľˣȴͷһؼվϽǵģٟRлҪ
٫h˼ٟRվأû˼Ҳվȥܵ͵һվڿ¡ٟRʴһ۲ۣ
Ҷ˵ۡ
ײǳйӦԵϺǣС궼󣬼ʹ˵湫УҵĪ󸣷֣ɸҳۡ·
ҲУһ·϶ǳ˳ҲŸ߼ۡ׽ּҳĻش
˹ػʣ£۲ۣ
ǿ۵ģٟRɤִЦ۾ͺãĸ˵ò£
ҲҪ壬ȻԺôһءٟRǰЩ죬ΪڽҿһֱæµҾ룬ʲôһֵأ
뵽Ϊ¡˴˴֮С
ٟR˵ḷ̌룬Ļ̫ˡǲͬƶС֮ŮʳвȫƽҪæµҲǳѰ˼ңڼҾʶޡǽԳԺգȲʳҲжѧϰĻᡣôǵʹʲôأ
ٟRߴ٫hӱֱ֣չʣh㣬ʲô
Ȼ٫hЩ֪룬ʹʲôģоرΰĶ٫hʵС˵Ҳ֪룬ţҲû̫ڵʣ룬ˡ
ٟRûжƲ𰢫h㣬ͷǳ϶h뷨ţˣҲߣҲߣ˺㰮֮hҪеǷ豹Ĵ
ٟRʣӱ㣬ʲô
ӱ˵ҼƽأԺ书ܰ︸ֵæҲΪ͢һ
ٟRͷ֣㣬أ
֣˵־治٫hӱȷ־ˣ֣ǳѾڶѸһ˵ȶԺЩ˵¾ٺòˡ
չ־ǣԨֱˡ£
Ҷ˵ãЩҾʹʹĹӡ
Ҳܺá
ƽŮΪ顣
ٟRͷ涨ɵġ
ʷ̫ŮʷЩɬϲʷ顣
ٟRʷʹǣѹְʷдĺá
Ժѧʿҵİ˵̤̤ʵʵЩʵ¡
ٟRۣ̤ʵأԶΪ
ﳭӱС¯ϻнϻâ䣬ϻݼ
ٟRȻǰΪˡ
һͬ佫İ׹Ҳ˵ְıκ鲻ࡣ׹˵ҵ˵Ϊ˵ҡ
ٟRףǰ׽顣λ۶
Ҳһ˵һҲƣĸ˵ΪŮӣΪҪ룬ܰãҲǲˡ
ٟRܺáĪ˵ŮӣһҲϵ
ЦٟRҲЦѵǣӣֹе¡Ϊѵϵ
Цеһ˵ǡ
˵ٟ꣬R˵Ҳǽ¡°չǺġҾţܰչôΪЩʲôأ
ԣ̩񰲡Ұ̩հȡԸˣҲˡ
ʻ˵ĳϣһġ
ٟRеԡ
ͬһǷǵҪҲҪҲֻҪڵ۶һһŮӣ䲻һҪιҪҲǵһݶȻСһҲǿЩµģ
ա
СգǳˡİԼѧ֪ʶڸˣϰҲ߳ǡǶ飬ʹԺھиеͣҲʼռţ򣬴ˣƼˡ
ʱһЩС£ÿһ㣬һҲͶˡ
ȻٟRһƣ˵Щůˣǳȥ͹ͻعȥˣ
˵Լÿλ㣬СŹЩ˵ƽʵϿңǳ
С룬öԹƳ籸£ǵ緶
ڣ˾ǷٟRӿض˵عɵúúø˵˵Ͳȿضġ
Źۡ
ʱȴ벻ŵ£ﶼůڵģ룬һ繫ԣʵʵڵЩ£Ǽġ
ô£С£һܻٳɶࡣ
ȻԺÿ궼湫Ϊ
һ뵽ԼҲΪ棬ٹ⣬͵ﶼģ
ǣһȺСֳȥϹļơգ׼һĶɫļƣ빫ϵϣΪļơ
׼֣ܽǵС˰ľƽݣٟRȥϵˡ
ٟRϵáJG
عǰ۹ִŹдСʿǰֱٟRϹԶͽͽعϢ
ҹۼ²Ϊصдһ֣
գ·ٵۡٵף֮Ʋƫ־
󣬹ϵ


94 



ĵھʮ 
ٟR,һҹŮھҲ̸⡣۫Լϱ֣ϡ
۫߻ŸʮꡢüС֣̫ͬǼŮ,Ҳʮ,ѧЩأ,Ӧô̫밲ʺ,Ҳ档
Сԭվ۫,Ŵǰһ,˶֣̫֣̫һ,޵⺢á
۫Ц,Ҷ˵ֱִģ簢hϲ
̫ǫˡ֣̫Цͬ۫˵ҿüЩʱ򡣡
۫û֣̫⻰ҭ,Ůȷʵٶ,ĸ۫ʵʵͬ塣
֣ʺЦЩ,üۼϣͬФƵġ
۫ϲ¶,ľľġ
絽˳᳤_۫һ,,û˵ʲô
֣̫Ըһ,ǰõǶȵ÷Ӳ,ŮӴͬٶ,ȥɡ
ٶæл͡
֣ʺ˵Ҳĸȼ硣ùȡƥУλٶ
ٶлһء
֣ڱ߶ûûε˵Ӧõۣ˰ɡ
֣̫ʱӦǵˡ
·ϣڳаۣ˵Ǽι˳ǣ㳤˴ʶ֣Ͽңǹ裬ô뵽¡ǰֻ˵ΣһأҲ档
֣̫ʱֶŮͷۣʱ־ţͦ˵֣̫ЦRТ˳һֱΪʵ۷ǡԵܼġ
۫ǺٟܿRģЦ죬ί˹
֣Ϻֱ˵ĸ⻰ԡ֮𣬶Ҫ󣬹󲻹¡¶䣬ôأҪ̰ͼݵԸ񣬸Ͳȥ˵ǹˡ
֣ϸпⶼǹТТηѩ
۫ϱûһս˳ĵġõĻһûУûõİɰɰûꡣ
۫ҪǶ˹ôģ̫ʺҲİ
֣˵ôܶŹǳŶһܶŲɣ֣Ͼ⻰ʮֺЦԭǸˣϱ㲻εЦ˳
֣̫ҲЩЦƳһ۫
һʱƽưˣλҿҲкٟR㣬ͬ۫λǼͬµġ
ƽ۫£ЦԴӵӣɾվסˣѼйƵҳ࣬鹫Ĺء˵Ҳδ£üС񲿵ͬһЩ
ưľҼǸ˵ҾǺõġеƥͷվԣء
ưĸ۫ΪͬΪˬ죬Լ˵űЦ֣̫ǸúӣҾϲԿ
ңûļƣ֪ɵ֡ưЦҵϲ棬ľвѧ
ƽ˵һпվͶ飬˵ɸӣһƣӮˣա
ƽЦǰhǺӣᶮ£ˡ
۫ǫѷhʤʵ
֣ϵͷҲh˵ҪƷԣҪˣһӵҪ¡
ƽ֣ף⻰ǡͣͷˡ
ư룬ҪͶ̥ɩӾ֪Ÿ治ҪֻҪͶú̥ɶˡ
ģиھ
Լʱ֣ٟRʹԼĻŻعˡȵٹͬĸĸ֣̫ʣһ·˳죿
ܺáŮһ·Ͻֵʦǰ㵻ִŴһȥϵ˼ơҵĻĸĸǹңûͣȻعĸĸ
á֣̫˵һģܸˣٟRԺʰһٹ˵ֽͷǶ˵
ˣٟRȻԺﻻѡһ·٫h׼ʱٟRٟͬRRл˵
ٟRһͷ٫hһȥˡ
ٟRŴǹĴ幤㹻ֻ̫ЩһԾƣͨ
٫hģٟRѹ˶򷢳ȥֻ˾ȡҪ٫h֪˾κʱٟRߣҲѹ游ϸٟͬR˵ˡ
٫h˵游ЩŰ壬ҿû֮Ҿ볯пб游ŰĴ󳼣СЩץס
ٟR룬hã۫ðh㵱ϸ£h㶼ȸҡٟR˵㶼˵ˣ֪۫ô죿
񴦣һؼҲֻʵʵ˵٫h̹˵ˣ˵ѵ¶Ϊ游ҲһƬ⣬ǹҲҪ߹⹫ʧ֮ҿǹİѹΡ
ٟR˵ոһߵСģ֪hʵϣǶh㣬ȥ۫ôʣô˵ͬ˵۫עҵ£۫ˣ˼ͣٲЩĵĺá
٫hͷţ֪ˡ˾һٟRѵصĴͷϷҲժˣһ֧ɵķ鲽ҡ
Ȼһȥ˵
ٟRһ֣̫ϣչ磬ҡھˣ˳᳤֮£֮۫ϵλӡ
ٟR˳˳᳤ллҳ
˳᳤ЦΪǻʼҹ˵ۡ㶼С
ǻòٟR˵裬Һͻȥ빬ǵİɣ
ǵáԼҲһĸ󡢻֡ɩҪӶңұˡ˳᳤жЦ⣬ԼġմٟRĹ⣬ٟRġ֣̫ˡ˳᳤ϻҪл֣̫ɵ֣ۡʺ󣬲лٟR
ڻң󡣳޵ĹҲԶеλ÷˵˳᳤ֻʮأ۫ǧ
񲻹ʲôԭ򣬻ҼӶ棬˳᳤ȻЦɡ
۫ڱ߶һʣһ·䲻䣬۲ۣ
ٟR˵֪۫û۶h㶼ˣٟRЦеأ۫ĸǹңΪΪǣһ¶ʹľȲҲۣ껹һȥ
СѾͷզô׳۫ƤЦⲻЦ껹ȥ
ţٟRѾһ˵˵ģ
ֻۣ֣̫۫ȨαڣٹҶԣֻЦ˵ðá
ٟR֣̫翪ǰСѣ֣̫ɴƫԺһ磬дԼСǡ
ٟRǰ˾׼˸裬Сһһ͸裬ֿ
罪ӱЩˣùЩƣٟRСܺȣ˶ǺȵĹƣֻٟRĹǺ
ֵ˴ӱνˣһν衣״˻ƿ﹩һ֦÷ȥ뽪ӱһһһһˣҷ׷׽кá
һνٶǿĿת̾ѡ
ٟRǸǿŵĺܣһİһ߽кáϣٟR˳ϱӣһ˸һƣ̾ѣ̫ˣӱ书󿪴ϡ书Ҳôðҿģۻҵģ
ӹյЦⶼǻȭȡ
ӱһյҼ佫
˸һյƣЦŸҼ˵Ц
ٟR飬ˣаӱ㰢轣и⣬ʫ䣬ջ֡
Ҷ˵á˵ʫ̫С
һһ䣬˭ҪϣԷһյٟR˵
á
ʫȻٟRͷٟR¿йĿ֮ţʫȴһ㣬ΪţΪԼʫµһĺáչдѣչִʣˣٟR˵˵һ䣬Ŵұһһ䣬ֱϰپȥ
չҲѡ
չͦǫѷ࣬۾Ӳ繫ɡ
Ҳ˵ľӣһһ䣬Ǽõġ
ٟR˵ұû¶οģƽˡĴҶЦնҲЦˣǵĹбȥˡ
̹Ĵ˹ĸ׻ؼȥˡ
ҶˣʰϯٟRȥϢȡϵʫ뽪ӱʫ˵ֶ˾ǰʫպãҪˡ


95 



ĵھʮ 
ڶ,ٟRֳź͵ǳӳعμӼ硣
ε᲻ھŮ¡أһ˵ǢмλݽϸߵҲһμ,⻹нӱֳİ,һֱߣҲڹ,ɵ۳ꡢҲһμӡ
ҳһ,ߴߴ˵,ٟRʽ,,ǰͷ˳Ծ,ʲô
ϴǱ˴˵,ʫ֮ࡣ
ǿ϶û˼,ӱͰһ轣֪Ӣ䡣ǻʫٟRһ԰ڵСģ
Ц,ͦ˼ġ
Ǽг֣º,һ֪չ˵ܵáֻô׾͸,ֱٟRһɾ͸жû,ĸӱֹ,Ҹֱһģһ
,һģһá
ǶȤٟRų,żȹһһ̵ģӦøҾȻٷǣΪʲôǵĸ˼Ȼʵ˵ǣٳϲ˼źð
һǲвٟRһۣŵ
˳᳤ӳţһһů˵
лӼʽȴŴһй˾ǴŹ˷СȥͷĴѣ¶ո¹װŮ裬˳᳤䲻䣬ʱģŶʲô
˵Ҳ˽¯һ䡣
ٟRͷ˳᳤֣裬㿴Ķˡ
˳᳤Цǡ¹ٟ꣬RȻһ£˾빬Ҳ£ĺɫƯֶԽھ
˳᳤ĿСỬѾӱ˵ϽмڶҸģַʡ
˳᳤ЦʣԵͭǮûУ
ԵˣٟR˵ҳԵӱԵԵһҸ˵ãԵ
ٟRЦе˵
˵һػǰʰˣǰĹңҲǰ̿Ѭůġ費ڹȥסһһҲ֡
˳᳤룬Ҳûȴڹⷴ룬ͻعסЩʱա
ٟRʣ裬ôˣ
һЩĵˣᣬɨˡ
ٟRûˡ
˳᳤еŮ٣˳᳤ݣʰͣװ˳᳤һȥˡ
һרΪ˳᳤УɵΨһãøһֱ֣ǻ֡
˳᳤ʹס˹
繬ٟRȻðͷĸ˵ȥ֣͡
֣̫ôȥ֣ˣ㣬㲻ô
ǰǵȥ˴֣ⶼһˣҿ֣ȻǶ϶ĲӹǵסٟR˵˵Ҳȥ֣ĸĸơ
֣̫ЦЩͨʲô
ˣ޵ŮֻҪҽģҳԾƣˡٟRĿ峺ԼԭԭĸǼҲһҴûĸĸȥǿ϶Ҳ޵ŮһҲҵġȻǲܻأҾ͵ǵʹߣǻȥ
֣̫ٟRͷôģ
Ҳ֪ͻȻ뵽ˡٟR˵һȥҲȥԺÿһ궼ȥ
Ǹӡ
֣̫ͣܶ꣬ʵҵĸ鲢˵ȳϡЦЦðǾҺͻʺȥơҴ˵֣˵һҲЩ׼
ٟRͷʣҪҪҲһȥ
ǲˡҫ
ٟR˵ǾҸӱȥ
á֣̫ͬ˵ȥʻʺ󣬿ʹͣһȥ
ٟRСԴ̽Žӱȥ˷ǹ
֣ʺҲܾٟR뷨ٟRǺ⡣֣ʺŮˮĸ˳ԣ룬ǰѾ͹ˡͬŮٵǵǰֽ֯ϵļƥӣЩĹۣ³ŵˬ
޷Ǿ֣̫֣ʺЩʹͣԤٟRĳг̡ӵּ֣ôٟR֣׽ΪٟRҲû֣
ۼˡ
ôˣͻȻҪ֣
֣ŮһЩڹϲãΪӭӹ׼
˵ٟRҪ֣ľٹ⣬ͬĸ˵ϲһЩĶζҪ̫ؾˡˣ衣
֣˵⵹ףԭҲϷӡۼҵĳʳ䲻ҸȣҲЩ۵ġ
֣ٷʹŮǰҲû˵Ҫû
Ҫˣĸĸס֣һû˵϶ͻȻġ
֣Լ˵ǰ빫˵˴游ǴڹҲ˵游úñĪҪ游Ȼʧ˹⡣
֣˶벻ͨôͻȻҪң֣ٷѰ˼ǲҪ֣ҵĻᣬҰꡣ
¶û룬Ҫ֣湫ˡ
ٟRֹգҲЩٟRʱңҲϷΡ
ٟR˵ʲôʱĸԭĸʲôʱȥ
˵ĸ粻ˡ
ô칫ڳ͢ʹϣٟRһ仰Ͱ˸ƿڡÿ֣̫һǰĸ֣ʺѧ񣬹ǰ׹󳯳ʹ͵ӣٟRǿģû칫
ٟRȰʵʵıðͷʲôǿ
˵̫ߣҲĸ˵Щû׽ãĶء
ٟRõ˵ˡҪʲôĸر£ĸѵԶãٟRС͸ĸĸ׽ġҲƫĸ
ָٟRֹ֪ǹ㲻üţǲ׹⣬˭ܱء
ҵүٟRǿס۵ĳ嶯ĸ˵Ľʲôѽûһˮ׼ģ


96 



ĵھʮ 
֣¶һһҹҲû³ͻȻļ֣к,֣Դ˺̹ȻǶ⡣
Ŷ󣬳͢ʲô,ѵĹ죿
֣Ϸ˶֣˵,̫Ը˲ͬ
֣,ԳӵĽǣС,ȴǸ־ˡвٶ
֣ӵ,Ϲۼ,˻,Ķҵأ
֣ҡͷΪеĹŮ,ιҲǵ
֣ӵ׵˼ǡһЩ,ȷϲЩͷ,С˶Ƶġ
ǲͷ£ǶǻʼӦùܵ¡֣˵̫︧,СĿȾǳ͢¡
ԣ˶Թܰӹ΢,,ȷֲù,,Ŀ,ǳ֣,ȻԳģܹڻûȷʶѾôˡ
ȶ֣ʾãǱ㲻װͿ
֣ԥչ׽һЩ
㲻ܽ빫Ϊһ̸֣Ǵ£ǹԶ֮𣬹вһ
֣ӵ԰Ǻ׽ĸ׽ʺ밲ʺҲ˵ǹȥ
֣Ҳ֪ЩģȻӦ̫ʺ۹⡣
׽еùѪô֣ʼЩԥ߸дĶԹһЩͶ¡
֣ЦЦˣҲǹ֮ס
֣Ӳ˵ˣ⣬Թһ׽˵ڴռ븮ꡣʷ̫ЩŤҲ˹Ķݡ
ˣۼҲҪ̫١µĳˣ͵š
뿵һթ䣬޽ڲٿԡʷ̫ǹ߻Ųֺá
ûȫ޷յѡ񡣴һ۶ƱȻٱ䡣
֣ҲǼʮˣҲԼ۹⣬һͷˡãϧѡ̫࣬һ׽֣Ϊµʦ֮һһֱͬûø׽С
СŮӣ治ǺõͶʶƫʳڣ֣ҸĬϵʵ˼˹Ŀ࿴¡
ѡһλŮԣҪðž޴յġŮѡ˲֣࣬ţƾĲŸɣԺҪΪԮ
ԣٟR֣ܵ¡ػӭ
ȻǴĸ͵ĸģȻҪڿŹĳݶȻЩȴǹݣҲ֣档
֣ϴ멣ԴŶﵽſӭӡٟRһ֣ˣæס֣˵Ҳ˵ˣϷ˶ͣвͶǡĿԺ󶼲ҹˡ
֣࣬ɫпɣЦǺࡣͷãųġʮ֧ŲסҪ˵µġ
ٟRϸ˳֣ɫͷԺҲˡֲˣҪӭңӴ󰲣ʲôʱӭáʱһˣ²
֣ͣҲٟRĻЦˣȤ͸׽֣ЦһӦ˵µĻ
Ǳǵġ˵ˡٟR֣ͬϷ˵Ϸ˾壬ٟRҲܸˡٟRΣȻ󣬸ϽΣԼʱ䣬㵽֣Ϸӵĳá
Ժһ뱸գԺʻҶͣý˻֦ϣҲֿɰ
ҴӵٟRůůͺ͵ģϷٟRϣٟR˵ҶɣĪҪʧݼڡ
ˣϷ֣֣Ůˡ
ٟR֣㡢㶼ôԶ
һЦȥϷϡ
ٟR̰ʹͣվ;ˣͷһףûЩųٟR˵ǰҲû˳ҺȻ뵽ĸĸ޽꣬ڹ񷨲ܻؼʡסҾ룬ɴĸĸȻȥܸǣڼʲôˡ
֣⻰ҲΪжʵڶԲסСһһ޲²СΪɶҪûµ⡣
ϷһУ֪˵ʲôˡλйТ˳ĺ飬ʵҲλĸ֡
ĸĸҲҰٟRҪҲлĸİûеĸһ£档
֪ٟR֣¸ӻϲ֣ϷԽŮϱܸٟRʶ֣Ůھ֣ˡ֣ٷˣٟRʶ֣֣ãٟR졣Ҫ֣Ů죬֣⵱Щкڵ۶ѧ
ٟRҲ֣ҳ֣գ֣Ǹġ
ٟRʣûڼô
֣۶̫ݻҴȥˡ
ٟRͷǸõطǰĸ˵ĵ¡һصü֪ʶࡣ
֣˶ǵһٟR̸֣ʶ㣬ҲΪٟRĻԾ˵ֵǰ˵ϻۣԭΪؿǫǡ
ٟRʵʶ̸Щ飬ʷԼϹܽˡ
ǹ꣬ұ˵ЩĻ
ٟR֣ͬ˵ҸӱŪֻƣȹԪȥɣɺÿˡ
ʲôѵǱģ֣ûľϡ档
ȻҪôбơ
֣˵Ҫȥʦô
š˵ʦٟRһͬ飬ʦҲûгףԼһ˹꣬尡һͲ̣ţȥʦ
֣ʦҲͬУ˵Ҳһȥʦϴ롣
ðٟRٴʰաh㣬ȥȥ
һȥġ֣ǸܵˣʣҪҪȥʷʦ
áʷʦһˣֲ塣

ŹºԼҹŮֿĿ˵ʦʦϧС֣߹ŮƭˣĶ
ٟRȫǹģ֣Ϸ˴ǰĸĸڼʱʲôӡ
ò˵ٟR˵Ŀˡ
һϾͰǰ
֣ϷƽʱͰҼһ˵ţʣϷ˸޾ϸ˵
֣Ϸ֣̫֣ĸףҲТһʺɩӡԣ˼Ҿ¿ɶˡ
֣Ϸ˵Ķ˵أ仯ġ
ʱ˵ʱҡٟRһ
ǵ̫Сʱˣ¸ո̫ƽɲʲôȫ̫Сʱ̣򲻵̫ʵ֪£ŷǲʱ򣬿ûв̵ĸؼͷŪͷ
ٟRţģڵ۶
մ̣֣ϷЦʲôûСҼǵ۶ĵһ꣬Ǻ˼ˣҲ⡢⣬Щӡʹʲ˵ģһżڶ궬죬ųԵӡ֣ϴ󻹼ǲǵã
֣Цܲǵãڹμӹ磬һǸĸġĸ᲻óԣҡһҲζƤһֵġ
ٟRһֱ˵̫ˣ̫ˣ
Ϸ˺Ц˵˵пӵζ
ٟRǸ汦ʣǺأ
ʷ϶ٶ࣬ҲϷ̻
Ϸ֣򲹳䣬ٟRĿɹˡţ֣Ҳ׼˷ʢϯ棬ٟRһԼԵġ֪ǰĹٟͣRҲһֱϷˣ֬ĸԵİɣ
ĺ񡣡
֣Ц
ùţԭ֣Ҳ׼ˣϷٟRһˣҪϷ˽ġ
׸ĸԵʣٟRܻ͵ദǷܵ˵ĵطϷһЦѹģͰ̾иˡ
ҪǵûعٟR֣ס£ҹϷ˼ǽ֣ϷˣҲǽֻ̩¼ֱԼ֪С֪
Žڽ䣬ٟRĸϷ˵˵пٹϷҽĿ̫ˡ
ϷٟR֣ʱϾֻҲ밲
һֱٟRزϷͣϷȴһҪ͵ǰٟRǳٟR̽ͷϷ˻˻֣³̡
ϷٟRĳԶȥҲЩᣬίʵ͸Ƣѽ


97 



ĵھʮ 
˾ǵڵ,ڳϡ
ٟR˵е˰
˾ǵعһϵšҴٟR֣Ҵʱ̫
ٟR˵,ǺϲϷ˽Ĺ°,˼첲ײӱһ£ӱ˵ǲǣ
ӱЦ,϶ĸҲϵĸҲ˵ܾǰ¡
ĸ˵ЩʲôٟR档
˵ǰĲס
,֣̫ɫ,,,ȥ֣ôû
ȥˡ
ֻ²,ĸˣһʱʱ
ҪڹŰɡֱ֣̫ĻţٟRСʱǸٵĺӡָ֣̫ЩĹ,ˣ˺Ȼת,ܲ˵ذš
Цᡣ,һģġ
˵ţٟRͻˡ
֣̫һ,һΪסء
ⲻǽ,һʱʱô֣̫,ٟRͰѽ֣˵,ĸ,ԭʱôѰ,ĸСʱ̶ȲϣӶûĳԡ
֣̫Цã̫̫˵ʲôˡ
ӱ˵˵˺ЩͷǻϷ˸˵ʵ۰ʱ¶
ٟRԸппһȥϷ˵һˡ
֣̫󸧶ⶼʲô¶
Ϊ֪ĸСʱľʱٟRТ˳ĸˣԸĸˡ֣̫˵Ҽ⣬ϲ⡣
ͳһĸ㲻ǳ˵ôСʱ˿͵öಹһ
Ҳûô࣬ƽʳСǸϸմ̣֣żЩ֣̫˵
ǻ¹ˣ֪ꡣ
֣̫ЦŸп⣬ǸϺӣͱ𹼸ˣԵ㡣
ٟRͷԵĸˡ
ùţӱĸ˵һʱ˾ǽ£ȥ۫ฮˡ
ٟRڸĸӣʣô˵hͰȥİɣ
˾ฮ˹˼չ̾Ӧˣ˵ձص۫۫˵Ϊˣ٫hǾȥġ
ٟRûϵС»ܳ˵۫ʦѵǹٳͷ
˾ǹū澲֪
ٟRΪ۫滹ʦΪˣкι֮ʦǳ͢Ḷ̌治֪˭
ٟRΪ̬۫Ȳĸ˵۫˵ģʲô
֣̫۫ԭͲŸޡֻҲףд󳼲߶ӣΪ̫ƫԼ׽ˡ
ҲŲƫ۶ġٟR˵ѪԵ۫ףʦҵͲϲ˵⻰
Ҫʦﲻã󷽷ָһ֤ûУֱӾ˵ƷáٟRƷõģû컵Ҳ֪˭⡣
ӱ˵۫Ļ˵ǰhȥˡǶ౸һ񣬾͸ʦ˵ǰh⣬ֻǰh£ûȥҲȫ˰hӡ
ٟR˾˵裬ͱŰӱ˽
ǡūȥš
Ϊ۫ԼӣٟRĸ˵۫
ǲϲ֣̫۫¶ţֵ˶˵ͷ˲ãR߶߶ģȻ۫ˡ
ʵ۫ڼҲĲᡣ
ٟRģٟRɵʱ۫۫˵һٟRŮȥ꣬ϴǾܾŵû۫˵һ˵ˡ
ԭҲС£۫һֱͶٟRٟR֪˳գռ۶ӡ
Ҫİ꣬ƷҲ˰꣡
û뵽ոһƲʵͽĳŮˡ
٫h˵ʦǹκģǶȥôܲȥأ
۫ŭ˵ȥͲȥҾͽ˵£
٫hǸĺӣҪĸһľӣЩͷ߶£ձӴһ㣬ܵиԵʣûԵʣôܲõȥʦأ
۫ˣû˵ôԲã
٫h£Ҫʦãôڳ٣ô̵ܽأ
۫⻰ʵһҭ̶߳ŭҲСԻסˣ
٫hٟRദˣٟRӰ죬˼άһԼ𾴵ʦһͬصĳ٫hоķ·һֻεĴֽ߬ס̧ͷԼ游ʣ游ЩʦԲõ֤ݣңһҾͽ̫͹£
٫hɫ̫һ֮ĸҲǵˣҲһġΪӣΪˣ̫빫ɱ֣Ů£游֤øҿҹܳһݣһȥٹ£
٫h游У游һȥٹ游ȥѵµǾܵ˿ɱΣΪҳΪӦ£


98 



ĵھʮ 
٫hѾط,һ·϶Ƕµġĸһס֣Ͽɫףæ,ôˣ
游һЩ٫h,Ůˮӹ,Σ˵,ûˡ
٫hȥĸ,Ϊ游ȷ֤,һ˿֤Ҳ,游һͨ,ˡҿ游û֤ݵġȥʦꡣ
֣ϹŮöԡǲ,𳤵Ļ,ҲĴĦȻ,ԼóۡԷ飬ǾͲһ,Ȼˡ
٫h˵,游ΪʲôҪ˵ʦƷأû֤,˵,಻ð
͢кܶͬ,ʵ˴˲޳Թ,֮ҲһġҪôء
ʦۼУҪﱣͬô٫hʡ
֣ЦŮһ⣬ҪۼҸ⹫ͬվʲôأ
٫hסˣǵжʱ䣬ĸͲϲȥĸңʲôԵʣҲܲ³мǳʲô¡
٫hĸףôģ
վҵġ֣˵˭ǶԵģҾվ˭ɵģ˲ǼĿܡ
٫h˵ĺܶԣصͷ˵ĶԡҲ
ĸŮ˵Ự٫h˯ǰ˻飬߳Ъʱ㰲Ъˡ
븮ȴǵƻͨҵ´ѾСΰѸڸⶼѲһ飬ó̵Ӹ˶һ顣
齣һϣⶼ˰ٻˣôŰɡ
ѾЦⲻǸͷһӭӹˣǲȴ˼ʶ㣬ûףô˰۲С
Ъ˰ɡоͷʹ
ū澻û꣬ϵĲƷӡ
˵Ķ˾ͳɡ
ǰū㣬ʮ˵Ʒ룬ټһǩʮŵˣ񲻸
Ȼƽ˼ҳԷҲܾȻʽǸϣͱܿΪáƿ¶һֻ۾ͬŮҲʮ˵ˣȥ˵ʮҲ㹻ˡ
ѾӦ£ŵȥԸˡԼѾ·ģĵһҼѾͷģ¹ѪƵġ
ڶһ磬ùţ㱻ŮߴŻ˹۹ѥ׼ӭݡʱҪȥȥ⻹ģ뻹ðʱģҵůů
һ絽ءŮȡС¯ºǿɲʧ񰡡
ģȳȥţһͳȥ
ūȥţ˿ɼǵó
ȥȥɡ
˽ٟR֪һʱǰһӳȥ㲻١תѾֻˣˣ۫ٹﵽˡ
hȻҲˣ˵밢h
٫hòȸʦȻʦͽ˵֣游֪ô
֪٫h룬ʦȷ游ϡ
ǾȣʿյĿ࿴۫ؼ
٫hЩ˼Ц޷۫£Сһ޹ء
٫h˵ɼʦҪЩģΪ游ûʦ֮ռϷɡ
Ůóʹ٫hԣ˹˹ĵͬ˵û֣չ͵ˣʱҿҲˣһӭӭ밢٣ſڵһȹĳݡ
٫hʦȥ
ʦͽſʱٟRһ۷㰴źãվſӭӹ
ٟRԶǾӵģ³˴ҵ񣬼٫hʱĳԾֺܸˣЦͬ٫h˵ǵĿ硣
٫h˵Ҳûȹ٣ҲǸյ
ġ֣Ц˵Ҹո³ûȥʦhͳˡ
ٟRһ븮ɵĴţ΢΢ףһƷԱɡžٲߣΣ˽Ρ
ôã˽ʲô޴޴ҲιһʦҡٟRȥ֣鸮в⸮ͦɾľĶֻ࣬Ƕգľ֣Եˡ
Ժãһݣļ£һѩҹͼ¹£Ǽȵķѩҹ⾳ٟRޣ⻭
º۹⡣빫ʱĵ֮
ٟRпʱ˵ţҾţұʦһġ
û¶Ŭһյ
Ů裬ԽһյٟRٟRڲ裬ʦȻСһЩҲ󸻹󣬳ԵĲ軹ǲġ
һʱٟR׼͸ʦٟRرʦ궼ʲôгԽӣʲôڶģУʦǲǹ궼û£ôٷ
ʱ꣬ʦϸ¹ػЩþҲ֪СǺ⣬СԲһ֣عУʦŹаĲرϲػˡ
ʦӣҼҹѵ˲ͬ˼ҶԽӣҼҺ಻ɣ
ⲻǹٟRҲգЦǺǵʦ˵ĽζٟRţܱȹĻóԣ
ֻиãûá
ǽƱ磬Ҳе
ǵ
˶죬˵ԼٷԵʣⲻŹݵΪ֣أŻ˹ٷJ
Ժô鷳ҳġٟRܲԼ˵˵
飺ҵĶ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
Ҳһƫģʷ̫ǣϲ˵϶Դ׵ġ
ҲȥǼңҾʦٟR˵
չǰʦӹûѣʦ˵ģ񲻻ӭƵġ
ᡣ¼ݵܲӭôҼѾ£ҵһû˯ֱǵŵ¹١
ٟRⰮûļһЦǾǹʦꡣʦ˶ô
аɡ
ǾͺáʦλҪûŰ꣬Ǿ߯ˡ
֪ٟRʲôԻ·϶ʦµһң˹ػ֡꣬븮׼ȫֻҪٟRԵĺõģҪָʦ仹رʦĸܣǿˣϷҲҪʦЩ
ֹػѱ߶Ϸ̵ŮжĲᣬԼҴ˹Ȼܳ¸ǸĺˣҴ˶衣
ùţˣϷٟRգҲ׼عˡعǰһ£ʹ˸һ
չʦӵŮԼе£ٟR˿˵ʦƽг͢ʹҪϰΣǺæġҾͰʦˣˣǵø¡ҪؼˣǵýԷŶӡʳסУĵطšʦչ˺ãжˡ
һȺŮˢˢ£ڳƣū澣СˣǱؾȫˣ֮
̫ˡ
ʲô˵ġʦĵӣȻҪʦٟRЦʦͲÿˡ
飺治ǿ˵ҪҰɣö˶˵ķҼҰ꣬˻ӲڣԳ޾ϸĹģ˵һ˻Ҫңɸ۲ƣײģ
ֱٟRǳǣ鶼벻ͨµǷʲô


99 



ĵھʮ 
ذ¶ʦ,ٟRع·ϻһױʿŸͷֶ
ٟRĳ,á
һλױʿǰ,ٟRŷ־Ȼ֡
ٟRЦһ˵˭,Ƕһ·ûϳ,Ķȥ
ϱȭ,Ǹմӻ̶Ǳ߶,һʱ,ŵ³ݣܻرˡ
ٟR˵,ûȫǲ·ǹҲѵô
ȥˡǱҴˣڸûԵĲʹ,˸ҵĲʹ,ߣܿˡ
ôù˵ýĲͷ͵ǵġ
е¼ԡ
Ҹ˵仰,ٟRعˡ
һٹҲ,ٟR첽ǰ,ȸ׸һ,˵˵,,ôˣ
첻ˣ
һǰÿ춼һ,Щ춼й磬ûٟRŸ׵֣սᣬûԾơ
ɵЦҲÿ춼Ծư
ӱйɵǸմһ
šٟRù˰ʣڸϣʦҲнӳԡ
ɵЦ˵ģҲǵһƷ
ٴĹ٣Ҳ鰡ٟR˵㲻֪ȥˣ黹Щġ˵ƽʱѣǱŤŤġ
¶棬ȥҲǺ⡣
ʡٟRëһ£۾ͬ飬ֻкٱػˣԹػʱŻ޴밡
ӱҲ˵ʦͦġҪȥ˼ͣŮ㡣ʦңѾ͸͵Ů춼ûУġ
һ˵ɵҲŵԱЩ¶ͬĸĸ֪Ůý
ýǲҿ뿵ȢȻóˡ
ٟRĳĸѧʦ˵ء
ʰɡ
ٟRְѰhҲһȥʦ߶һأ˳㻹˵һ۫жСûÿʣҲ֪hôġ
۫ǿͷϰˣⲻðhȥˡɵ۵
ҪֻǿͷϣԺܽ
ɵ̿
ٟRԼŵ߶߶һأɫ磬ֳͬһȥֺĸ˻ذ뵽ңҲ֪ôأ
˵һТڣԼЩġ
ٟRһû㣬˵鸮ȥˣ
ţȥʦꡣ
ýһȥƷΣֻҪλ͢һѧʿĶ䣬㶼һƷˡ
ʦûҸ硣
ȥ˻˵Щѧʣд¡ǼСѾͷȥʲô
ģżˣ˭ȥ˵ѧʰٟRЦǳԳԺȺȣϷ
˵ͦ֡
ǡٟR˵ǱҴˡĸñҴϴ·û
Ȼõġ꽭ֽ֯ϵӸȥ룬ûʲô⡣
Ҳÿ幤÷ա
⵹ǡ
ܿ֡һع·ˣִڸҸջؼҡ
Ӵôɡæô黹Ұ
һãÿ궼ҵ͵ġٟR˵ûͣҲ˵˾ȫһɢɳˡ
ô֪ܲͣǺ֪Ͻġ
ٟRĸɱֹҪ͡
ûϵйŮ˼̷ϣˣ
һǡ
ЦҪٟR䣬Ҳ˵ĸ͵ô±ɡÿҴ䶼Ǹ˾ѵݣҪ˽á²λ־ͰŬˡ
ӵĻǺܿġҲȫɵ֣̫ͷҲѣֶи¶Ҳˡ
ˣˬӦ£֪ˡ¡
ЦҲһ䡣
ٟRֱ²ۣ˵
ĸŮ˵Сö˴ǹĸٹȥˡ
ٟRǹűҴ£ʽ󣬡磬ƽزǱȵ۶ôﶬбұ
ûУƽؾбñҵıʿ϶ûе۶ıҴɡ
ٟR棬磬ô
Զһ㡣
ӱ㣬᲻᣿
ᰡӱֳǰǫѷ˵ڼƽصʱ򣬶бұ򣬵۶ûУ
Сÿ궼СٟR˵ȥûٰ졣Ǻúơ
ٟR֣γ߿ҡߣŰӱĸͬһۿұݡ
ҵıұݽĿܶ࣬и˾ıݣбҼߵĵ˱ݡٟR˾ǵ׼ǰĪ˽һӵ˽ģȸʱٟRͰͳһ룬кã
󽫾λÿǰЩ˼ȥҲûڿΣҲ߯˵㡣
ȴңңͷٟRҲͷյ
󽫾ʱˣҹŮ߹·˰ɣ
ڸҲݵģĴȣȻǱ˾ҲѷЩҲǲܿó
̶̼ѵЧɼֲ֮ˡٟR°롣
͹ңڸԷù硣
ɵЯ֣̫֣ʺŮھٟͬRԼһС顣Ǹ׳޹λµıҶӣûһư֮ŮĸٟRҧ䣬˱Ьȥͷңȥȥ
ٟR˵ʲôʱıЬ
û죬ЩŴӦġ˵ҰСҸȥˡر򵥣ˤӾѧˡ
ֹգٟR͸ĸ˵ҪЬ֣̫Ƴһۣ翴ֹҾ֪¡
ĸ㶼ˣ
ֲϹ֣̫˵䣬ҲûΣֻȥ͵ø߸ˡֵĲźá
ٟR˼ˣĸһͨᡣ֣̫Цˡ
塣˵£ֱ֣̫֡
ǡýӱϱ֮£֣̫ͰѽٟRҵ񽻸˽ӱ
ٟRԭֳͬϹʹҪˣԼһաż٣ɵ۾ȥķݰСʹ
ٟRЩϧ˵Ҳû취£ϵأʹ£æɡ
Цпһҡ
ڶûգԺֻԽԽûյġٟRܿ磬Ŀնû
Ϊʼңԭ͸ΪŲɽհ
Ҳô档ٟR˸͵ˣ˵ķţ϶øʦк˿˼ˡ
Ҳʱ顣ã˵鼫вѧΪԿ̱ǲģ
ǡʦΪرϡٟRѧʽףһѪ
񲿵Ҳرóԣ˳
ЦȥģֲȥԷġ
ҲóԷѽ
ΪֳвʹٟRԼСˡ
ա
ȥ۫ݼ˵ձҡڴףûϺΣǲЩʧ䣿
ǵڡ٣οٹλûúεǺ¡˵۫Ϊıʹ
ʲôʹĦӣ顣
ʲôʹС˵ڸûʹɸɣֻҪڸܸɵģЩЩûʲô׾ۼ֣ûʹֻտţܿ͵ɢˡ
ҷĪ±лᡣ
δǰʲô飬ʱıȥˡ


100 



ĵһ 
۫,ؼҺ󣬼һҵ¡ΣȴҲĩβ,ԭ,Ǻܲˡ
Ϸ˵ȥһ۫,úøѧǸʵѧġ
,Сʳڹ,мʶЩ,⼸ѧ,ѧʶѷдԱҿҲ,Ϊûȡ
ûԣӰסϷﱧС¯,̾,ֻǳ˱ʣûܵԡ
ˣĲѧ,ҲӦȥƾٰٿ,Ҳذͷ,㲻Ѱѧ,ٿ,ҲظС
,ʲô˻ѧƾأϷӡ
˼,ĪǼ˴˾֮󡣡
ֻһ룬ȷ˹˾Ϸ˵ǷʧS
ףҿɲ֮ˣ˭ɣ
Լˡ
͵һԼˣǺεޣܽ⴦;ֵĲһʱʢĻͷ;
Ϸûټӣ˵볤֪Ҳʮǰľˡ̼Ҳǵ۶˼ңȲһȺţŵҲЩŮңŮһġ
̼꣬һŮǲ̻ԪͬáλŮ˵˻ûţ׵ɷȥˡɴˣŮŹѡ
ʱķڲͬ籣أŮӽΪԭҲֻһС£ǡ괺ǣ̻Ԫǻʿף˽۲̼ӡֻǣ˭Ҳûϵճʿ񣬲̼Ů㵽۶ԩԳ¼Ҫɱ
ʱ̼ӿûԪͷŮԩ۶ҲװƣҴ£ɣָ治մЩ߶Ůȥٸ游ĸأ
۶Լֻϱɴ˾ٹٹһŮؽڣҪһ˾¡
Ϸ˵˾һ֣û±Ůûѣ̼ŮңùԵ»ʺּܲνŮҲȷǣҵԸѵŮԸﻹܱɱô
һ̼ɨأѧʿҲְؼҡ
꣬ǶΪ̻Ԫеϧ游ٹϣ͢ڲ̻Ԫѧᣬ볯Чϣò̻Ԫƾ١
ʣٹûӦ
ǴӦˣ粻볯ΪôϷ˵꣬ҲΪ˵顣ٹ˵Ϊӣţʮ꣩˵ɱõ£˿ţɼŸӹµֵΪ֪£ֻ֪֪Աӣһ丸ĸˣΪٵǳ͢¡
ɫһǰ⻰Ҳǲ
ٹ˵Ļұֻ֪ܷԣӴδƾٹϷ˵̼ҵ֪ƾ·̷˾Ծת̴ۣҲաعĸТڣ۫ΪĻ
֪̼ҾҾ鲻΢¶ͬ飬ʱϾᣬһãһǸĸʹ֪Ҳȫ
ǰҲ˵ٹҪҪôӣһƵɷ޻תء
̲סʣ̼ǲŮˣ
Ϸҡͷٹõ۶ŲŮ뿪˵۶Ӵ˾Ͳ֪ȥˡ
Ҫ˵ŮҲֻ֮ͬǣһ״ֳ;Ͼĸ˫ҲίʵЩ
̾һⶼʲô°
²ؿһʱ޹ɲѧġۼҡ۫ԨԴͬúѧЩ汾졣
ǡ
Ϸ˼ɫԼһͬţź󣬷óȥϢ


101 



ĵһһ 
ٟRûԹ,Ҳûϼ帴˵ص߸˿˾ӼͰӱıЬ͸߸˴Žӱ˾һ,һȥˡ
ϹʹöûܴٟRԱҵŨȤ,عһͨĳ԰ڣˤƨղѧı,ˤͻˡ
֣̫Ц,ҿ,ûˤװɡ
ûûСҴĺ軹,ԼˤšٟR˵,ҲûѧĿ졣
˾Ҵ,ˡ֣̫нС׷Ϲ
ӱҲ˵,ѧĺܿ졣ĸ,ûţĿɺˡڹʱ䳤ˣӱֱӺ֣̫ĸˡ
Ķõţ֣̫ʡ
hҡ
֣̫㲻۫һӵô
ͼٟR°,ȥhһȥҵġĸ㲻֪ʱ۫ɫ,ˢ,߶߶ŮҪΡ˵,µġҾϾӡ,ʱһ,Ҳѧϰѧϰڵ·
ٟRҡͷСԴ,һ۫ǲǴţ֪ͷ¶
ͷɲǰˡŮӳУںң߶ϺЩŮӿе˱߶СıЬһ
ٟR˵ǻȥٴҶ
ӱ˵ǴһֱϣʱңƮɺÿˡ
ٟRһ߳ã
ֵ˵ҵ£ɵ۾ʹࡢԺЦ˵ʲôأôˡ
Ц϶ǰRӱóҵ¡
ٟRӱɵۼɵЦһ֣׵̫ʦ£ĸЦRѧˣĺܺá
ٟR˵ҴϣҲμӡʣҪһĺãɵöЩʹ͡
ɵЦһ͡
֣̫࣬ʣϹʹúˣ
ҿǶĲᣬݶЩ̿𡣡
ٟR棬ûô
ЦҲУֻϹǱůͣû۶죬һʱӦ
ǿɳʶˡǵ۶ĶٟRʣǿ϶ûҰɣ֣ǣҪҪң
һɡ
ٟR֣ʹʲôòһ
òֻ࣬ǴԲͬζһЩҲ󽲾
ٟRûɶȤˡ
ǽ˵Ϲط֣Ů˵ȻʹŮġ
ٟR۾ԲŮʹӴϹŮŮӰ
˵Ҳ֡ķݵϴ˵ϹشƫƧײԭһǱ߻רȺŮӵġϹʷϣŮҲټ
ٟRͷ֪ࡣ
ЦҲʱķݵϴѧġ
ٟR˵Ůӣ䣬ЩŴ״Բ֮²ʳݶǴˣɸŮٹȥʹʲôҪģһŮӣӲһÿڡ
ྪȣǳˣȫ
ٟRЦǲʵҲڹŮõ̲ٟRĶȻܼס
һ֣ĸ򷢸Ů٣˳ʹ͵ĶȥŮʹкҪ
ٟRʹһСڽĺϷü죬٫hʵģڴҵĴѧ˱ҡ
ǻţͻһҡ
ѵһϯҡ
ĸư໶ϲٱдٟRٟR룬ư۫򸾼ֱ˰
ưãʲôʱпһȰȰ۫򸾣Ҳۿͷ
ΪٟRÿһССᳵӣһ߶ҲŮοֹ
ҵڰϿţĶһ
ǹŮò̬ᣬһУ찶Χǧ˰˹ۿɴ˻š
ҲԵŮ۲ٟRǲˣҲŪ˱Ь
вᴩЬģҲб
ټ۶޴ʢ¡
пֵ˽ٟRΪӡ֮ĺܡ
һ죬ٟRɫˣҪعǳ֮ʣ˵нļˣ밲
ٟR˳ָķ򣬲ԶԶһ۵СС꣬߶ϻиɫȹĸӡٟRãСܰ
ȥһʱžӢžӢﱧŸССľϻ顣
ľϻظϣžӢȥˡžӢϥҪٟRͷ˶Ͷģ
žӢͷµط󶮹أŹ˵ҼסԶҾӱ߶ԶԶ£óȻϡŸȷϣҼûԵĺöһƶ֮ǵ⡣
ٟRʣʲô
ǹϡ
šʾŮ£ٟRһµģֻֻϵӣ׹ȡϹҵһ񣬵ݸˣͬžӢ˵ȥ˵Ҫѧ˹ѧͲؼˡǰ
塣
žӢСǺ죬֣вУҹ밲ôࡣôչĶ
ٟRģЦ˵ǰҪǿϹѧһҪġ
žӢɻķ̣ͦͦСţɫһܿϵġңҲῼϡ˫ֽӹ壬ٴл
ٟRٶ˵žӢؼҺú飬Ůֵǳعȥˡ
ԪǰٟR㲻ٳˡһԪڵĹμӡԪںҲÿʼˡ
ٟR˲ٳܱ߶Χ۵źܱߵ̣޲ȥ¡ֻ㣬ٰŮŮǲڣֱɲֹ
ٟR˵Ӱ죬ٻ˼ҵŮӶϳĳˡȻ¡ŹŮᣬǲᣬʱˣ乲ͬԶûС
еȹٻ֮ҵŮһͷžСٻ֮ҵŮϡ
ٻ֮ҵŮӶˣִ󻧸ȱǮǣһʱ䣬Ůӱҵɵ۶һ
˽ԪȻ⡣
ٟR֮ģȴͷﵽЧ
ȻҲб˼ҲŮӳŵġһŮӣǰҰ
ֻǣٟRͷ֣ӱ٫hչȴŲμӡϣ͢ϳǰĳ佫ԱҵŮǶμˡ
в۫ߣڼұҲ˵ҵĲǣȻŮŮô¡ѾͷٟRʵ׷ߡ
ǣһʱ䣬һ޴¡
ڣ侹̸
֣̫֮Ԫڷ˾¿ӡġҾ


102 



ĵһ 
ٟRױǰ,˾ǰѹ㴢˾͵ʵСٟR޼䣬ٟRͷһϵİӱ㣬߿Ľ,ӱ,ӿ߰
ӱҲǸմãٟͬRǿɰ͵Ĵ,ӱʮ꣬ѾͤͤŮӱЦ,㳤,Ȼˡô,˵ıһߡ
ٟRͷ,ĸҲ˵ȳ϶ܳ߸ӡ
ӱЦſٟR,촽ò֬ͺģ˾ִٟ֬Rüĵ÷ͼÿˡ
˶ʰ,һȥ֣̫Ǳ,ԪڣǵʼҪѽڣҲףء
ٟRҪһӼ
˳᳤Գһֱסڹ,ʱ֣ʺһ֣̫˵ȼƷ׸ߵҲһϷС
ٟRӱһ,ڱˡȸǼһȦ,֣̫ٟRǰ,,Ц,Сҡÿ
ٟRЦ,Ҳźܺÿͷˣһֱţ͵Ԫá
֣ʺ˵ǶԽھ
Ҷ֪֣̫䰮ٟRǣ׷׿ٟRһ⡣ٟRҿϲЦտȻҲ֪һã˭ûٟRϲ
üЦĸ˵仰͵˳᳤ȥˡ
ʵǰٟRǸĸһϣСô飬ѧǣԼˣҪ󰴹Լλӡ
ԭȵӦң⣬Ϲʹ㵽ˡ
εʹŮӣǣѵ¹ɵй񣬵Ϲٵٹ֣̫밲
֣̫ʹٟRͼͷһλ߰˳ߣٷ֮˰һλԱ档
۹Ա׹飬ŹٷȴҲóλŮӡ
ٷʹǰ񣬡Ϲʹӽ̫ʺλ밲Ըλǧǧǧꡣ
һڣǼǻ
ԭ⾹ҲһλŮӡ
ٟRӢòΪǸء
֣̫ˣΪǴԶĹô죬λʹӿɴˣ
ӽһҪлػȥ̫ҽʳѾˡ
۹Աˬֻп˵۶ڼ֮أնѩǶߵɽҲѩżҲѩһЩϴ˵۶Ǽģʱһţû뵽ˡ¶ǰˡ
˵ţˬЦ
ٟRԲһ˫è۶֪ʲôҲֻǣʮ˽ܵ£ó˵İɡ
ȻλӶĿɿڴ֪ηӦˡ
֣̫Ϊ⣬Ц˱á˵ŮǻŮףء
λʹл֣̫ףأҲ˵ҹŮ̫жʮֻ벻Ů£ǴҶ¡̫ʺ밲
˵ţ񵥡
֣̫ǵһ۶ɺúù䡣
ӽǼʶ࿪۽硣ǰŮԸóһ£ɷݳȥ¼һǰ÷
Ҳ֪ҹϽǰѪ֮⡣ֻҹǰԨԭ׼
⻰˵ĺ̹ϣ֣̫кηǰͳǰʵ֮꣬ɴҳڶǴ񲿼롣˼ǰԨԴȥһǰʵ꣬ҲδΪɡ
λʹʮֻϲлһ֣̫
֣̫һУ˵ٟRԪڵӣʹ߶߶߶˵һͨǰɶɶɶеûɫ鶯˶˵ʹŮ𣿡
ӽףǡSG
ҿһЩϹļأԭǰأǰӵΣֱʵ۵ĽϮǵһŮʵ۵Ľ㽫λԼĶӡλĸգշֱҳ̽ϸΪ
֪ԭʵ۽޷ϡǼϮϾɶɺθϣ˶أ
ٟR˵죬ȴǽϹʷ˵Ҳʵװס
һǵʹ¶ɫ֣̫֣ʺҲɫŹ֣˳᳤ٟRʹ˸ɫ
ٟRû׹ӽѾָݣ£ҹĻգ̫ʵ֮
ٟRJ
ٟRƽһᵽ˵ġҸطȥʲôĸܡ
ڣǹָ֣̫ĿȾģʮֱסٟRװһ¶ʣΪʲôѽΪʲôҪǸأ
ӽס裬̫ʵ˵Ϊ޸٣Ůӷգԭҳұ㵱ġԵ»ʺҹһҾŹŮӶ޲Ϊ١
ʵ̲ˣĸҲǼʹ¡ٟRƨû飬Լ͢ʷá
ٟRһͬʹ˵ˡҳŮǽڲŻ֮ϣǲ顣
϶˵££¡קģʾԼǶġٟRһС֣ͬʹܣҾѳɹȥҳŮӶǡҾˡٟRӲͦһźƤԼԲ˳ĸĸǵġҾ͸ʹһ͸ŮһҲǵ⡣
֣̫һۣ㻹ܸԼѰ̨סŮȡӡõġҾᣬʹ


103 



ĵһ 
,λʹȥѵµǱ
ٟRЩ󣬺Ƥûŵ㣬Ůھ,ٟR͸ûƵ,ֻõһ˵
۫ϱͦ磬۫һ˵,ˣһߴ,һ,Ŷ׹,Ů,ĪϹʹ۶Ȥ¶࣬۫ҲϹŮʹ¡
֣̫,ǰ
٫h˵ĸҿŮʹ
Ķ,ʲô,Ǹָ׳ģ۵ģŮ,һ󺺡۫˵٫hСС,ôͲˡ
٫hʱһ,ѵˣ
֣˵,ĸ,ҿҲŮӡ
۫˵,,Ӵͷúúһ
֣̫۫Լã˵ġɲŮô㾹ûϳ
٫hˡ
۫ɴ۾ܰɣˣ֣˸Ůӣ
ټ֣̫֡Խӱ۫ƽŮʲôģ
ӱЦǲȺ۾ӣȲ̳в䣬ƹܲˡ۫ĸûȥƽأŮӶлġ
ҵظԹԣֲ˵ҰˣŮģɲҰô۫ظǲܽ仹Ůӡ
֣ʺ˼ҾǵشƫƧ浶ǹһ۫һٸࡣ
۫û֣ʺ⻰ҭſڽΣ۫Ұǳ͢ǿܽҰ˴ˣ
Ҿһȷˡ֣ʺɫڣҳҲŮսǸߴͣϸֻ׳彡ֻҪƷԸУ㶼ǺŮӣҵȻңòȡˣҰ˳֮ǶҳƳҳҲ̫ӡ
۫ԼֻҪ²ۣ֣ʺȴǻƣڹΪ֣ϰѳ֣û
£òͷֻ۫һأȻ˵ʺ˵ǡ
֣ʺһۣûٶ˵
֣ϺͬõĻ֣ص˵Ļٲġһλʹ⣬Ҳ֪ϷǴͬġ
٫hҲͬʺĻ˵Ǹ߸ʹߣ϶ܴ󡣡
ӱ˵ʹǻ书ġٟRСʣС˵أ
Сף书͡
ٟRк٫hһ٫h͵ٟR߶ȥŮһߴ
ưŹŮƽŮ棬гھһˡ֣ΪףٹΪҵŮٟRѡ
ٟR˽࣬ˣɴСȥƫ˵֣̫ͬʱ֣̫Цǹ߳һ溢ȥɣƫڡ
ٟRŴһƫȥˣƫһӦͬһҲǵյů棬ȷ⡣
һƫչʣ˵ϹʹҲףˡ
ǰϧҲǸȥѵ¹û
Ҳ£˵Ůʹ
ٟRǵģŮʹ
ӱ䣬һܸһܿΣٷơ
ҶϧûһٟR˵ϵ۵̨۵ƾܼҪʱҴȥ
չ˵ҪûŮΪ١
˵ײͬһҲѵһ
֮Ҷ뿴
֣֣òΪ⣬٫h㲻뿴Ůʹô
ǵʹ֪֣Ϲⲻȥ֣
֣˵ˣ̫ʵ֮ӱϣҼүүϽ飬ҳԭշģ̫ʵ۲ԸǰϣǸĻԭϡ
ĸ˵޺ãز黳ġ
֣ЦҲһʹϹ׵ȷͬüŮҲŮ
չ˵һŮλͷѪû뵽λŮλɼй֮
ʣλӶˣ
λȺλܿԭšŮڳӵµǻʣµλӶԸ⳼λ㡣پ׸ϹһЩǺġСҸվңಢ̫ϣ쵱ʰ˵Ů
佫İ׹ǲΪŮλʹŮģ
һĿڣȺ塣ﵥŮӵȺŮӲޣף¶Ůĸգ̳ĸΪϹǶ˳Ǹ峤ڴְŮ峤һйְġһЩ壬峤ʱ̳ףĸ׽ιְJ
׹ʣô֪Щģ
Ƴһ彡İ׹һ䣬鰡
׹ͣѧ˲𰡣
һϹʹ£͵ʱˣʳˮɫƷ˵ǰԶڵģٟRĽӲãٟRܹ
ʵǸĸǰţһ
ȳһؾƣһһؾƣ۷ƫԼ֣͸衣
˵ɫͰˡʱɵԴŰٹٹĸһ𵽹۵̨ơ
ѱɵ֣ʺһһ֣̫ȵΣɵ۵Ȼ֣ʺǻӡɡھٹٵȵȡJ
ʸģǻʼһӣԼңԼ֣ܵ۳ݣھٹֻܲСɵж䣬ʮǰԱھɳ˻ˡ
ٟRѳԼͬˣл¹ػӺöˡ
ٟRҲСЩʱ򡣡
˼ŮŮߣﶼɿµĹ磬ǲҴŮģ͵Ĺ̫ۣŮӹǶŲ
ǹŮҪӷ𣬹ίʵϸƣչŮֵŮҲʮҪá
˹۵̨ٟR³Žӱ˵֣̫ϣʼȻռݹ۵̨õĹ۾㡣
۵̨ʵڻʵ۶ϴ̨̨¶װ˸ɫƣǵߴʳ֮ȸǵƻգַڡ
Ԫ
Ҳǰյļѽڡ
ٟR̲ס˵ͷҲ֡
֣̫ЦȻˡ
۫ʢд˾
֣̫ʢƽʵ֮
ɵǫȫĸѵ
֣̫ЦЦʵǫˡԲǻʼҲǴԲһ͵Ʋźá
Ȼڹ۵̨硣
˴磬зһģǷͬϯŮģ޷ٶӸλӡ
֣̫ٟRͬӱùҲǶһϹʹλҲһ
¶Ī˳᳤ڣ˳᳤ȥչԼĸӦϷˣͬ
ӣҲһ˶
ˣԲ۫ۡǸӲӣ۫ЦǺǵ˵Ӧ⹬еǹˣТĸǺ£ȴҲҪ˳ᡣһ񲻺á
ӦȻźãԴӸ˳᳤ʱãϮûӵʲôʹӦϷҲ˳Цү⻰ǣԸ
ϣ˳᳤Ƴ۫һۣ۫óλͬҵ£۫֡
۫ʱŪû۫л飬֣̫һƵʱ˰ɡ
ɵҲɨˣЦĸ˵ǣα˾䱦£֮񡢼֮֮꣬飬֮ʯϸɡ
˫һ̱˾ܹܴ䱦ƣȻҫͬѰҿ˶˵ãɵۻʫأȻҲһףٟRҲһףиʫŵĴǸ͡
ʱ
ѵõǣϹλʹҲĲţҲдʫԺء
ʹӽ£ҹҲ񣬴˴νױ̫Уϵϵ񣬴˽ҹѡ¡ﲻ
˵Уɵ֣̫Ȼ⡣
۫ƽḾŮצţǵ֣̫޷ġҾѾӡãީСŮੲݣҸ˳裬۫һʱûסǳ˾䣬죬ŮΪ١
ӽʱĲᣬԶԭ޺֮⡣絽ٹŸûĻСոշŻʵ̫ӽҲӣү֪ҹǵŮΪ٣ҹӵҲŮӡ
ۡ
ۡ
ͬʱ˿оƣһһƵģһСٟRһǹʦ顪
һ˿Ķǣ治ʦͽ
ƺ󻹶ЦţЦٟRŵĶ࣬ЦֱЦǰϣʹʹȤϲλʹ̬ȣԼ̸£Цʣʹһյƣⷽһʹķɰ
ɵЦ⻰ǡ̽ƴ͸ʹ
ӽٷлɵʹ͡
˿̣֪Ķͬһ£ⷴӦҲ̫˰ɣ


104 



ĵһ 
ٟRֻҪһ뵽ʹҭ۫ĻҪЦ,Ҳ֪ǴЦǱŤ͵͵ЦЦСһһ,֪ĻΪµɹ֢ء
֣̫ɵ۽Σɽˡ
ٟRС,̫Ҳ˵,ЦȥɡҪܱȥͲЦˡ
ٟRЦ,ʱӦϺǶˣԭźЦ,ŲʲôٻӦķӦ
۫,ԪԲɹ
ع·ٟRչȥĸͬ,·ϻЦģ̫,ʹǻ˵۫ҭģҿ°뱲Ӷٸʹˡ
֣̫ЦĿٟR˵,ôЦ
ҹӵﶼŮӡٟRһ,⻰ྭ䰡۫Ҳͬ
ӱҲЦˣӱ˵ýƲŮӵ˶⻰
˼۫ûʹڶг,ΪСʹ쳣ؼҸʹʹʱ뵱길,۶ݼ,Ϊ,Ϊ,﹧ǳ,ǲǶӦΪ֮£ǵóóȻŮӹſ,һ˿֮⣬ֱҪ췴ҷǱݼ꣬ɣС񣡡
ɷ裬۫Ҳ쳣ŮϵĲ趼δһڣǸRܲ񻰣ô˭Զ˭֪ˣ־Լ磡J
Ǹ飬ͻȻЦְ֮۫߷·һڱѾõ棬²죡
ĸᣡ
޶˴˼ģһԹ˴ޣ߲Ϣᡣ
Ǿţ¹ܹǻǴɣϹʹʧ֮Ҳ޹˼ҡ
ԪڣٟRʽѧˡ
м˽£γ̽һˣҪʦ̸
ʰ鱾ʣʲô²˵
Ҫ¡һʷʦĿΣ˵
հ鱾ʰãͼʷ̫ϺЦһͷðɡȤʷ̫һ䣬̫ϴϲϲ¡
ʷ̫ЦҲʲôϲ£һйʾǰμӡ
ǽôٟR۾һʡ
ǰʷ̫ϲãæ϶½ˣ־ܿ
ٟR˵졣
ǰϳͳﻮģͶʷ̫߶߶ٟͬR˵֮ͨ£̰ӣٟR˵ЩɼĻϲ
ٟRʣ¡۵Ӷλˣ
һʮѾˡʷ̫С˵һ䣬ǳˣϸģӰ׻Ǹ˳ż๤ϣҲʹӰãҲˡ
ٟRһ֣ʷʦһһۣʵͨ
ǽΣʥ˴սս³ġٟR˵һһۣ뵽ٟRֻ꣬û£ʷ̫Ƴһϵ飬ô͵ҹ񣿡
飬û˵ǻܣҪ˵ҳŶ䣬ܲô
ʷ̫һ䣬ƣͷҵĿΡĶȥĶȥ
ҲҪߣֱʷ̫סʷ̫û˼㵽ǰҿСʹЩ񣬻Ҫǰۣô˵
´ʷ̫һۣ񲿵£͹ġ
ʷ̫һҭһ˦䣬Ȼ߿ˡ
ʷ̫۶һǣٟR˵С۶
ٟRܽᣬ˭۶󡣡
ʷ̫˳죬㱡һԴ𾴣£ôء
ӱ˵ʷʦǰôˣ
֣չҲʷ̫
ʷ̫룬Сң֪Ϊǽ˵ҲխϹҳǰҲ޷ôҲȰҳ׵
ٟRÿ۸ҧһڣʹôˣ벻
ʷ̫ߣ˼ұСëܶźá
ҪҪģٟR顣
ʷ̫𾪵ĿٟR֪Ĳ֮µģǲǹѧЩϰ
ٟRǿס۵ĳ嶯֣ЦˣʷʦĲǲҲܿϷǶĲô
ʷ̫¶ɿģǾͺá̬ȼͬ˵ʹ֪ҲЩ˼ң˭ĲοǶ˼ҵĺӣ򣬸ԵĹʡ
ǣĬİһۻƵԲܸʷʦ
δģʹ͵ݽȥݻɵ׼ӣ㡣
ٟRһ˼飬ﲻʦҿʷôû̫ʵյ£
֪ģ˵ʷϹϹһʡСұûϸ
֪ʦҵĹβġٟRʷд٣Ϲʹˣ͸һЩϹʷϣҲһÿΡ
鲻⣬ҲʲôҪ£ôˣʲô²ɣ
ٟR˵ն󡣡˾ͬ齲
˾ǿڳ˵ˡҲ̶õĿٟRпⴿ˼ҸԼȿ˽Ű
뵽Ԫ磬ʹӵģҲԲ˹ȥδ󡣡
Ҫ󣬾Ͳ˵ˡٟRͣ¶ҾͿˣʦĲ
ԩĶҲģãڵĸණ˵ȥꡣҪģǻôڲһٟRĺ˵֤
ٟRһ۾˵ξˡ½ڿ֮ǰϹһЩҪʷҽԺ£ǰͷȻٶ㣡
֪ˡЩЩЦӦ£ٟͬRͣû뵽Ķ뵽Ҳ׵ˡ
ٟRǺܴȵģؾˣҾͲʦˡ
Цлԭ³
һٺ»
˵ԭ³ôôٺ»
ԭԭ£ٺ»ϵ¡
ԭ»һ
ȻˡٟRһСԲǾپ˼Ҫˣʲôӣ
ûϵ˵ҶԩˡĶ뵽ô滹˵˼Ҹյ¶
ɡҿǲܣҸһ㲹
ʲôѵҪ
Ϲʹҹ̫꣬ѾӦˣɴӴʹһȥҳǱȻҪȥǰʵ꣬ʱ±Ȼһȥġʹ
Ϊʲô
ʵΪʲôôǰꣿ
šҲûϵɡǰһʥȥҲ޷ٟR
³˵һô㡣ҲҪѳˡ
ͺܽġٟRرϲˣ߶߶ԵʱŲҴ
Ķϲλʹţǰس˵ϹǱ֮أĹӱǰ˽һЩʲôأ
Ȼãҽлһȥ
ٟRǻ·ӴӳУǳ˽һ˭ȥͲǳˡ


105 



ĵһ 
ٟR,ʦǺܻ㷶ʥġ
ȻֳϹʹһꡣ
ٟR֪Լȥ꣬Ȼ¶ȥȥ,Ҳûʲôϵ,ȥܡһֱٟRЩá
ٟRС,ʣҲȥ
ͷġ˵,Ů,ð,ɵ۵
Ū,֪͢񷨹涨ŮܼꡣٟRСԴ,һģɵۺЦȻˣˡ
綮ˣҲǿ󡣵и
Ӵ,ΪٟR۶,ɵһ֪
ٟRҲ¸׿˵Ҳȥ,ʹǼǰꡢȥ¼ݣҪȥ
ȥǶʲôǰǰʵ,ʲôȥأɵʵڲСŮ˼,ɶطȥ
ԹݰٟR˵,ǰѾûˡĻҲۼٸչ,ȥ,
㲻ˣ
ҹοһû¶
ɵ۲ԸùŮȥֵط,ɾģȥˡˣҸõطˣ
ȥٟRˣĶȥţɵˣ
ȰҪȥʲôأۼһ꣬Ǽ档ǰ꣬ҲûϵûȣҲá
һ꣬ȥҪ񷨣ٟR˵ʱҵĹ˴ѳͷɨѡǰвݣųһɨһɨˡ
ɵۿĸ֣̫֣̫ӾԽȥԽȥȥˣǻ£ԺٲȥˡٟRȥɡ
ٟR˵磬Ҳһȥɡ½ϹʷС񳤵ĺܡǸʹģǲʲôܡ
˵ҪܣϹҲôǰᴫǣ
ѽ͵͵
Ұ߶߶Ļ
治ȥ
ҵøʷʦȥǽ¡
ڻ磬Ǹô
ʷʦ˵ҶһѧѧȻչ̸ֽJ
ٟRĸ븸˵ʷ̫Ļǿʷʦƫ۶ģҰ뷨Ūӡ¶ֻҸ磬ң
֣̫ɵ̿ɵ۵ʲôʱʷ̫
Ժĸ¸¿ʷʦһнٺٟRǵ˵ġ
֣̫Ц⣬˵С¾Ϳ۹Աٺ»
ٟR֪ģʷʦķٺ»һ̫ٺһٺлʦٺŮʦٺҹܲţҵǷݶٺʦҲҪһµġ
ɵۿЦãôҲˣ
ΪûиϸµĽϹʷЩѾʦ˵ˣҲͬˡٟR˵۵ٺҡ
֣̫˵㵱ʦɲס
ȻҶʦҪɸˡٟRʹҧһСҼʷʦҷǸɣ
˵ãһδһٺ»ҪǷΣǰ¶ûˡ
ǰٟR෸Σһ׸ɡ
Цɵ۸Ůп⣬ʡˡ
ٟRŲЦԼĿɶˣֱһûС
ʹǱ߶꣬ǰʱµףʼůӱˮ֦ûѿ֦ܿЩǳɫ
ٟRûаڿֻǳһʵ̵ĹʹǶٟRһǳûԼСҲǻġ
ʹǾţٟRĸһ㣬ټңҲλС֪ȥһꡣ
Ƕôΰĵ
ǰΪȥʵ۵ĻԻʷѫ£
ٟR򿪳һſŴӿͷ羰нӱ˾һ˵˳ǣ·㲻ˣʵȴҲһЩ΢΢ҡٟRͺ˾µӣƮ⣬ʹǿûۣվСеʶȥ꣬衣
ӱ곤ָָʹˣ۳ˣͱظˡ
ٟRûע⣬ʹǸ۶ˣʹϣʹҿ˵ʵѣСڡʹţ˼Ȫ֪ԸǸ߸˵ȥǿɥȥ
ʹҲûɥš֣񲻸𾴣
ʵӣ֪ÿĵģ֣²˾ֻҪȥʽٟR˵˵ʵۼλ󳯹˵ʲô
ʹ⳼ô֪
˵֪սѾȥ̫ƽոǸ˼䡣
糿΢΢ϣһ˫è۶еЦƺҲ⡣ʹţʵλĺ˷ѰգҲܴ¡˵ϿڡԶʹߴԶĹ飬֮ˣԶɽˮֻԸ۶
ٟRЦ⼱ʲô˼ҲͻȻеġȻͳк˼ġ
ʹ̱˵ôȥأ
վʵʥٟR˵Ҳǹ
ʹЩٟRϣٟRһֿЦԡʹ꣬ǹЩȻֻͷ˶Ĵ壬ˡСֱԣҲ޶˲²⡣
ٟRΪҳǻӼλ˵ǻӼλܾȡ
̹ʡʹҹҲϮλǹҷҲֹҲλJS
һֱӵô
ʹ˵
ֵܣΪʲôأٟR˵
ʹָԶʵĻɽ¼ȶǰʵ۵ʷ͸֪ʵֶ̲λλľʵۣҲʵŵλʵһˣΪεʵ۲ΪҪǵλأ
ǰҲź֡ǰʵĺܹ֣ʵ˵Ҫ˵ıɵǵλ󣬲鲻󹬲ãʮʢ꣬ŵλھʵﱲѪ
˵˽ô
ɼ˽ģҲһ
ʹٟRɻ󲻽ӣǲһĵ¡ܹǲãʹΪܹ⶯ֻеǻΪ˳¡οҹԶʤӵǻۣΪҪ֮أ
ʹ֪ΪǰʵҲһʥô
ʵĺá
ͳ˵ʹϹʷ¼кļ£ΪʵλʵۣɾһʥɾһʢҲɾһ̸ΪԼɾһ
£ԭӦǲŸɳߵ֮
ǰʵ۵ΰ֮J
ʹǷһЦ⣬ʢٴ⣬ٟͬRʵ۵飬񳯻ɳһΪճ͢ȡõĳɾϲá
Ϊʥϧ


106 



ĵһ 
ǰʵʵûԼĵ,ΪʵʮУԺ֮磬,еͬ,ʵ۵ǻû޽ԼĻꡣ
⴦ʵĸ̫Ĺ˵ʵ,ĸͬᡣҲ˵ֻʵ۵¹,ʵ۾,˭Ҳ֪
˵Ǻ,󺣵ġҲ˵һ,Ӵ˲ѵġ
һ,ִ˵С
Ϊʵʵ̫ǰҴžţûط첻ǻ¡ټ̫жʮִ,̫޵Ĺ񼫸,ǰұֱ޳ɵ񣬰ʷϺպĸӶˡ
սңǰʮſ,꣬еĹ,ȴҵĹڡ˵Ҿڴפ,򿪴Ѱᱦ,˵֮,Ȼ,ļ,һʱţʱҾ˶Ҿ첻аͷˢ˵أʱһ£Ҿͷ˲䱻׻УѪ
ٟRڲݵϵ̺ϣɫĽŴ䴫˵˵Ѫʱ߹˶ڴ
ʱҾһšԭǷȻǵӴġʱнԱСͷһ죬ͷȥֻϡꡯһһѩͬһЯ֮ƣͷ䣬ֻһ˴ͷͱ
ģģģֻʹҲĿٟR
ٟRͷȻˡ¶Ҳûʮġһָǿֲôֻʣˣǵ꽵Ǵʱմ˱߶
ʥ֮ϲԱӣǲµġٟRȻѲ棬ֻʯп̣Ҳû˵ļ̨ǾʹɨһƬɾյأʵ̫ۡλ˼ˣҲһġĴ澴⣬񼴿֪
ҲٟRûϵģԭΪǰ꣬͢Ҳά˭ϵһƬ£ҪЩµûҪĲʯĲ֪ĺպյꡣ
ʹﵱȻùҲ¶
ٟRԿǰ꣬ȻҲһǾţǰѳɹȥʥᾴصġ
ǣȸҽһ﷢£ͬʹ˵ٹ꣬߾ͳɲɿĵؽˡ˵Ҳʥ֮ʷ飬ޣ˴ء
ңޱʡݣʹף˵ǡ
һ֣ʰһɾƽĵؽٟRǹͷ˵˵ŰСͷ£ʵϣʹⲻȥˣ˵вˣСʰˡͶĴֻ
ⲻɶÿ껹ġ˵֣ʺֵײȥٟ꣬RҲһμӡĻȥϵϱ󣬸ϱιɣҶٟRųͷ£ʹίʵܲסٟRĳͷһϢ
ºʵϣʵ۱²۶ġҪ֪ΪʵǰݣǨŭͷϡ
˾ҲȰٟRЪţ¿Ǹɣﲻʵģָˡ
ٟRҲųͷЩأ˳ƴӦˡ
ʵģٟR˵컨׹ʹжһӣʵûùͷóͷʲôо
ȻʥͷݣҲ⡣
Ҷܿ죬ҼԭҲ̫ĵطӲݳȥƽʹϴձȻ󣬰ֽ
ʵǰʹֻҪϹ˼Ϳˡ
ٟRδǿ˵һ¯㣬ŵһϣë̺ϣĿдʡ
ӱҲѧٟRģˡ
СŹһϡ
û˽ؼһƬϸϸĴᴩϸܵ룬ƺСֻոѵСȹϲݼҶʱ͵в֪ģǷģϪˮ
ϢԶ紵ɢ
ľţĴݡ֮䣬ٟR·𿴵λ塢̤ףĿһλѷڵĿƥ۳Զȥ
ƺͷڵŮӲڱݽ֮ϣµѥͷ׺ͷ۴飬鷢õĹâٹ޲
תۼ䣬һɢȥ
£¡˾ǲҴУ¾ٟR˸ٟRĶͷٟR˾ǵ۾˵Һʵ̫ˡ
Ҷһ
˾СĿٟR¿ʲôˣ
һˣ߶һˡһŷڵŮվڳϣѥӼ׺飬Ưˡºܶ˵
˾ǲٶʣ״⣬ˣͻعɡ
ˣٟRĵطȻվٟRվʹҪҪٶ
ʹɫŹ֣ȴ̵ˣͻȥɡ
ҰҲ޾ٟͣRʹٶЩʱ仳˫ֺʮķݣ˵Ĵӵµǳع
ع·ϣٟR˵û󹤷ôˡ
˾̽ʣŹ򲻴󣿡
Ҿ͸ձٟۡR˵ţе裬ÿڷ۸⡣
ӱ³ϵ˾ǽȥָٟRҲյˮٟRʣӱ㣬㲻ô
ӱҲ˿⣬˵ҶŵĲ֪ˡ
ôˣ
㶼֪ӱ˵ʹͼˣʼΪҪһһֱûͽˣһӦûСŵĲ֪Ǻãʹ˵Ϲɡ˵˵żɣȥ˵˵вƶ
Ҫٲѣ͵Žعʿˡ
ӱһظˡ
ٟR£룬ֵ˵ɽ䷽һգǧꡣ˵ҿʵۺ̫˰ɡһΪһ˲䣬û뵽ôð
ӱʣǳʲô
ʵرʡ̫رǡ
ӱٟRͬͬһͬѧϰٟR飬ҲʱٟRĻŲɡӱף˵ģ
ٟRȻ£ӱ֣Ҳһˣôûʵۺ̫أ
ٟR˵ҲҪԵ˰ɡ
ǡӱЦû뵽С񡯵¡
ٟRЩСģڶһǫĵˣ˵Ҳࡣ
϶డҳôʶôˣֻһ컯ӱٟRúãȻܼǰʥ
ʹٟRһһԵٹ֣̫ʾм֮飬ͬʱҲ˽ٟR
Ҳֻڼеһ϶һЩֻƬǱ̫Ϊʢ̫ƽд˻Եüǰʥʹ
֣̫ŮͷٟRһ˫鶯ӣɼûš֣̫ҲƽˣףԼ˵ġʹҲˣȥϢɡ
ʹ£֣̫žô¡ٟR;һһۣɶûСӱ˵ĻɫˣٟRȫûӦȴɫȻɫϸµ˵ˡ
ȫһһΪڸҿЦװҽһû
˾ǵū澵ǿѹ˹͵һŹˡ
֣̫̫ҽٟR˿ٟRģȷûһĲʡ֣̫󷽴̫ҽȥϢ
ϹʹŪҲû취ŪھͰRһСο̫ҽҲ᲻¶μ
Ǳˡ
侹д£
֣̫ûסٟRʵ̫ǺģٟRʵ˵ˣʵֿ缫ˡ̫ϼˣվڸ߸ߵĵ֮ϣкܶ˵
֣̫ǳЦҲһˡ
ʵ߻һˣѣһٟR˵ζУϵķ硢ߵһڵġ
ٟRȻ˵һ䣬ʵ۾Ҫʵ̫ۡһ󣬻ĸԸĵǵǰ죬źð
֣̫Ц˭֪ΪΪΪΪͳֻ˿οҼѱ档ԣ˵ףѡ
ٟR˵ʲôѵģҾĸͲ̫ҸҲʵ۲
֣̫⺢ӻЦʣ
ǰٟRն
֣̫һЦЦƮ⣬


107 



ĵһ 
ٟR,ֳ˵ˣȻΧʸٟͣRеСģ,ɵȥĹ֮ĵط,ٟRСС,ȥΪá
Ҳ͹ȥˡ
˽ٟͬRһأʵǺòٟRʵͬ齲,Ľ,ٟR˵,ʦҪпҲȥ,Ҳʵ۵Ӣ顣
˰ɡ˶ġ˵»æ
Ȼʦнٺ,Ҳ֪ʦæ֮¡ٟRһģҪʲôܰæģֻ˵,һ㡣
Ц,⣬ˡҪæ£һῪڵġ
⻰,ٟRʮָˣһˡ
鿴ɰģ,Ҳһ֡
ʹȥ÷,ٟRҲһȥˡ֪,ʹر𹧾,ص˵ٟRټһдġŮӷƭ,ʹ,ǳʵáصزɹһٲȥҲҪӡˢҹŮӷá
ٟR˵ҳ±ġҾû
Ǽطǳʹɫǵһȴ졢봫еĴͬɼΪ飬ۼΪʵ
ˡ
ʹи󣬡Сᣬڷǰգ빫¸СǩһѺС룬ȥȻء
û⡣ٟRһӦ¡
ܲʮ꣬ǰĵģһİաٟRأʹϹʲôȻŮΪ٣ҪŮһˣ
ʹҹһŮӲķסƽŮ٣Բ֡졢ƺŮݷ
Ҳ
Ҳˡʹ˵Ƿչ˵ġ޲֮£޲֮Ҳ˵Ů۲ŸɲӣǶ֮ˣ϶ۣǱ֮⣬ֲֿ֪ʼǴŮ
ϹŰ˴գ榡u棡ҦԴŮ֡ɼʱ򣬼ŮΪġ˽ͤϳӭϣֻ۷ڲۣʹһִڹϣʱ񷨣ڴͬġ
ٟRʹ״ӱѧʶҲʹв硣Ծ˵ôڵˣ
ܼ򵥡ŮΪʱάŮӡΪģάıӡ
áٟR˵ҾӦһġȲ˭Ҳֱ˭
ʹףҹˣŮҷܽĻᡣ
ٟRʣǹҵĺҲ뷨ô
ˣ죬Ǻˡ
ٟRһlԼЦˣһûע⡣
Ǻˣͨ顣ĸױǵ壬ĸ븸׳ףޱǧʹ黳Ѫͳ֮£ҳʱĸҲǧ
ʵ̫ˡԭʹ˫ȫٟR
ֵһᡣĸ購û̳мҵҼҵǳĸƹܡʹҿжʱŲӯӦҲϰ䡣
ţƽʱǵĿγҲбһ
ʹǳͬӦġǹҲ˵ŮŮӵĳȴҲҪʹ˾Լڼլǣ߳ȥһؿ㲻ᱻ֮ĥԡ
ٟR˵Ρ
ҹСݸ㼣̤ÿһأҹհɼʹľ
ٟRʣǹڰˣҲӭҳáǼΪ֮㲻
ұº⡣ʹί˵ֻǽǲУǻд֮Ҫæ
ٟRͦԣǹûô
Ĺӵʵ̫࣬ԭڴǵģκֳţҪ̳֮λ߲û˷̣ҪΪѡһλ֪ˡ
ٟRһҲԹعʱҲĿɿڴðβ˵ʲôϵأǷô
Ȼǵġ
Ϊѡˣʲôϵ
̷򡣡
ٟRૣҳ¡ҳһӶҡ
룬ҹһ֮м̷Ҳ֮С
ҲǡٟRСǿ
ٟRʣǶҾõŮӣҲü˳ô
Ҹĸ㣬һһһ˫˵ġʹٟRͣҲ֪ŮѪΣȻҪѡΪӣܵ¸Ϊǿĺ
գѩ׵ƶ䣬̫ůʱ˿̣ٟR·ң޵ʴһտ˺ѿһ϶֮϶һư׳ǿ⡪
֮һա


108 



ĵһ 
ٟRʹŸĸ,֣̫ĹЦ
ٟRԼҲЦҪʹ˵Ҷ֪ϻĵط,ķס
ӱ˵,ԭҾżƽ־ͺرˡ
ٟR֣óʹ,ĸд仰֣̫дʲô
ٟR,˹ǧ,Ϊá
֣̫,дˡٟRӡԼ滨Ժӡ,źԼϰ֣ȻԼͿдˡ
ӱ˶⻰дĺ,չǵֺãԢҲá
黹ʹ,ʹٟRһ˫ӨӨ,ȻŹ͢ǣ׼ع
ٟRȥʹ֣̫,ϹСķͨǱˡȥ,̫ʢæǵ,Ķó
,鲻֮
ٟRһ,ΪЩ,,ҲðڹҲôʱĹװƽѡҴŰӱ㡢hǣȥ˵仰Ͷʦġ
аɡ͵˽ƣȥһ͡
˼
ӱ٫hʲôҪӱڼƽؾ뱱ֲ򽻵ӭ֮ƽ٫hǾţŮôһҲûɶ
֣֣չ֣ңһʹʹҲҪ볯͢ķݼ¼еġ
ʹҲû뵽ٟRܺã΢ʹ֣һ񣬡˷ǰ졢밲СĹ㣬´֮顣ݹأȥҹ͵һգֻлᣬ졢밲
ٟR˵ãˣʹֻ
ʹ˷ʽٟR֣ذݱ𣬴ʹ뿪
ǵʹٟRӡãŮҲٟRλСͱǡ
ҪٟRعٟR˵ʦȥæɡһȥǽ￴ȥ
뵽ͬнٺʷ̫ٟͬR뷨ȥҲá¹˴æƽʱڹ伲࣬ԺҾ񡣡
٫h˵øʷʦ˵һȥȽϺðɡ
Ҫ뿴ʵģ˭֪ᣬֱȥá
չҲ˵ͷĹҪ֪ͷȥǰ׼
ٟR룬ȷ
ǣٟRȥæԼȥǽǱ߶СһȫԽٟRǽŻصȥ
ٟRǽ߳æµȻ죬ʹӭĹͷʲôʱʼɻ
ͷ˵Ϳʼˡ
ʲôʱЪ
ڵ磬ϳġʱˣٶЩ
ٟR߱߿ʣǮô㣿
ͷ˵ҲһϵһʮǽĶЩÿʮǮ
ٟRͲߵʣԵô
׳ÿ洶һˡ
ٟRǿשϵӣѹˣʹͷܳԱ
ԱԲģãһ칩ٷģҲͳ͢Ĺˡ
ٟRϳǽשǽȥһǽɻľ͸ˡٟRʣ̽ô
Ǹɾ㣬б޺á
ٟRͷ֣ȥÿĹϼ¼ơ
ͷʵ̲סˣܹİ˰ӣˣǼ¼ϹšˡСֱԣСȥȡ¼ôϹ˵أ
ٟRϹ˵ʷ̫ĵӣơ
ͷҲ֪ʷ̫˭֪ʷͷȥȡϼ¼ţ˾ǲ̫שʯ˵ٟR
ٟRȥһذŴɰľ۽硣
ͷȽźܿ죬һλ߹ǹ˴޳ǽӪʹôС١ٟRŮμ򵥣òֹȴ˲ͬ˸󣬽׳ýݡ
ӪʹȭһҾˡ
ٟRһ֣ͷ񡣹ϼ¼ҿ
ӪʹҲʶٟRǰЩʳӵ¸ԶԶŷһء˴μСҲҵϹ˲
ٟRԷ˷ÿשʯŴ׳м¼ֻǲ꾡ٟR˵˼Ǹӣѣôûȡ˻˵ļ¼
ӪʹԻˣع˵ĻǵġȡϵľǸɻĹ£ϵľǹ
ٟR˵⹤̲٣ŸɻĹ¿϶Ҳһ˭ȡ٣ʲôʱȡģȻҪ
ӪʹɿġָٟR뿴ͷȦһĹ¡ЩȦǶġ񼦵ģġÿ춫ǩԼдֻͼʡ£ͻȦ
ٟRĿɿڴ
˿ٟRûˣζãٟRҲû˽ͬ˵ҿɾ
ҶٟͬR⻰٫h˵֪˻᲻˵Ҫϴɾ˻ġ
˾ǵҲǧ˵ķʳˣĶСƵģǲˡ
չ˵ˣͷͲġҼϵѾӣҪһָףϵϲͿ֭ҪϴһͷʮԡһΡ
ٟR˾ǣĹ涨ô
˾˵ûУԼġ
ٟR¶ģͬչＸ˵ʷʦƽʱæвܵĵط⼸أһʷʦ
ǣû죬շٺ»ƫ۶Ĺһ£ȥ
ٟRµݸʷ̫ȥǽˣǹɣңζţˡʮʳ͵øɸɾźá
ʷ̫ʹզȥ޳ǽǶɲŮӸȥĵطҲ˵ҲȫשʯǺá
УʼҹôҹʹɲáⲻŮӸ¡
ӹ£ʷ̫ܼ򵥾ʮЩϴͷϴָ׵¡Щ£ȷŮӸϸģʷ̫ʱɢͷһɣлٟRл¹ģһ
Уʳ㡣޳ǽİЩÿÿټܳԱˡԵıɻ϶ģܸʡʳ
ʳʷ̫ǸյģһҾĴգлˡ
ٟRüһ䣬ЦеأлǷٺ»ӣЩסûһͭ塣Ұ׵һ
ʷ̫
չﻹһͼӴףٟRҲǺкñ
ʷ̫ǻˡ


109 



ĵһ 
ٟR¾ͺ޲֪,ʷ̫ʳ¶ûš
ȻҶеٟRһȴСģ,ɵֻЦһ,Ҳ֮ˡJ
Ҳ˵ͦáȫʷʦ档
ʷʦôˣٟR˵,ҾğRʳʷʦʲôϵűٺ»ûˣ
࿴°,ܲĿ,˵,ʷʦѧ,Ⱳǵһαοٺ»
ƫ۶д˽١ٟR㲻ͬʷ̫
Ц˵㲻Ҳȥǽô
Լȥ,ȥһôٟR˵㲻֪ҿʷʦٺ»,Ҳ֪Ĺ
ࣺʷʦȥһ޳ǽôˣ
ͼСԲ,һررɶɫ˵Ҳʷ̫ƽ,һסʦ˵ĳ
ࣺ̫ˡ
ٟRһͨĹ۵,͵ŵʱ,һ,ϲըϺ,ʱϲЦտǿСϺ,ըҴ,ֻǳԶϻٟRֻһС񫡣
ùţ㸸˵仰ٟRʹĸ֣Сǻȥˡ
ԱٟR²۵ʷ̫¡
ڰŴ֮£ɵۣԻʳ곤ѧϰһЩʵ֣̫ɵ۶ˣҲûٟRһѧϰ
ǰ֣̫ɵۣҲ֪һ򲻻ѶҪǲ빫ҪǹʦҲ̹ܴί
֣̫ЦRһȥɡСʲô¶棬ҲԸѧϰ
ɵȥɡ޷
ٟRӵ룬̩һ䣬Ǵ£ʦҲҸ磬ҸҲһȥ
̫£һȥѧϰġ
ٟR޵ʦ¼ȫ
ٟRѴӦ£ʱ䣬׼ȥĿγһšչ֣˶ˣչﶼһ䣬ʱʦǡʲôܰæģʦǧǻЩµġ
֣һƴ֣˵ÿ궼ЩӣǸʦЩӰɡ
ӱ̱ʾͬ٫hҲû٫hҲʦԼܵ˲һء
յ˺⣬Ц죬ﶼźˡǸſƾ̣ǹأҲǳʶ¡Ҫѧϰʲô׵ģֻʣʲôҲֻᣬѵõĻᡣ
ҶЦӦˡ
ٟRʦٟRȻ
ʷ̫˵龹ȻٟRһѧϰºЩ˼ҪҪ˽Ȱ鼸䡣
Ϊǡ
ȻٟRȻ׼
ʷ̫ڼұԹ󣬻Ȱ˼䡣ʷ˵Ҫ˵Ҳǹʦӣһˮƽĺá
ƫˣϹ˵
δȫ޵ʷ˵˵Եģ޳ǽӲǹ뷨Ūġ
ʷ̫˰Ůб𡣹øعҪùףʲôӦǹŮΪ
ʷʵϲԣŪ޳ǽŮΪ
ʷ̫Ȼ޳ǽǴ£¼Ȩ
ʷֱӲ˵
ʷ̫ڼұԹݼʱɵһ죬ɵЦСӺأȥȥɣҲֻȥ˽˽ˡ
ɵ˵ʷ̫˵ʲô
۫ûʷֱ̫۫ӵ飬谮̫޻Ů񲿸Ԥƾ֮£ջسҲ빫عΪŮӱʡ
ɵ۲ãʳӵѧϰ׿ϡ޵ּ⣬ǲعˡָ۫޽Ů޷ô
ѧϰ̻壬ûλ׼Ů񲿣۫ĪҪҳݸԤ޵ļ£
ɵհ۫Ѫ
ɵ۷ʱԡ
˽Ŀбӣׯվڳ֮ϣĺשӳ۫Ұ׵ݣɵ۱һֱ۫˫ģģеݻغϡ
ֱΪһˡ
ֳʵۣ


110 



ĵһһ 
۫һ,հѶӿɵ
Ҳһ㱣۫ⱬ˳һձȥλ۫˳᳤æס۫,еĻ,үү
۫˫Ŀգ۫Ӽ״Ҳܵ,ɵۡ
ɵ۵۫ƫ,̫ҽ,Ȼ岻,ӱ̼ɡ
۫ظ,۫ӵĲʹҲݽɸָ
ڳۣϾ,۫һֱɵ۵֧ߡ꣬ɵ۸մ飬֣̫۫ʧܺ,ԱͶЧ֣̫,۫ɶɵĹ
Ȼ۫ҲһֱǡŮӲɸļᶨ֧ߡ
û뵽һԼС,ɵۡ
ԹƫһʱꡣϾ,ʵ۱¸һǻ̫ĸӶȥġ
ֵ׹Ů,ʵ۱¾ȫȻˡ
вٴ󳼴յ,򰵵ĴС,ȻٟR޲ڡ
,ϵЩٟRǲ֪ġ
֣̫Ҳû˵ʲô,翴۫˳ۡ
ٟRֻܵӻ£߸˵ֳСһȥ񲿣ʦѧϰʵȥˡ
ǨϽӹɣǿⶼɵǰãһշ͸ֳ֪⣬й¶⡣
УҲȫľ⿼ٴ˽
칱ԺֵĹٱǴӽԶž˽֮¡
ţףϸ񣬿Ȼɾ
ٟRŶǿ飬ÿ춼֮ˡ
Ϊ𾪡
£ǱԾŵǵšԳջв㣬뷽跨ҲҪԾȥġ
ʣץסˣ
áݶṦɿƾ١
ϲЩ֮ˣͷԵˡ
黹ö˵ԺֳԵĵطվڹԺſڣ˵Ե죬ӱŶȡơĲ쵽ļ䣬ȥļ䡣
ٟRʣǿôֵģ
˳һššȥ
ٟR붼û˵ʦûڿףûʱ򣬾ͨԺۡȻŶӵţƩ磬ŵһһţˡ
Ҳзڿǰһ죬ֽһοļ顣
ûˣ
СǹԺŲ飬鵽֮ֱսջ١Ϊಢͼ׵ľӶƽ񡣡
Ҳûӵˡ
ԺۣڼԺеô
˹
һ˽˹ԺٟRһμԺ䣬ķС䣬ɲ̫
дҲˡ
ͬ˵ԼǧˣòСȻĶŵ¡
ٟRףҲǡ
һγУҶԴǵϽϸ´۽硣ţٟR֣صֳʦˡ⡣
ЦԿã£ͳԹһء
ΪóҲżסİٟR˵㿴ʦѧʺããղ˶˵ȫţɲˡ
Ҫ˳䣬ٟܲRĿзղĻ䣿
ٟRЦ˵ղ˶ͨɼ޾ϸѧʶԨ
Цȷ¸
ǫ飬ҲǶġ
ٟR˵㲻֪ʦʲô±عףȻεʦǾ󲿷¶ʦȥͿʼٳˡ
Ҳϲĸдܳ
λ¹ˡ
Ʒ񲿻ʳȻ񲿵ĴʳҲܵһº಻ٟRⲻʳ嵭Щ
ֱö˷˳ع˵֮Уǳ⡣
ת۴ҿƾȡˣ죬ٟRֳţ˳һؾŶӡԴǰȡ⣬ǵʱٟRߥ޸ԵԺѲӣһƳɡ
ɵһۿС˼ȥ˵ȥߥʲô
Լȥˡʦ˵һأصôǽܿҾͲŸʲȥ֮£Ķбѡ˲ŸҪءٟRĸ򣬶ɵֱЦˣȥ㡣
Ҹ硣
ţһ𡣡ɵ۵ӱǾͱȥˡ
ӱҲûԼȥӱ˵ȹ˵˵һҲʶ
ٟRǷģʱ۾ĴģϸϸĿϸϸĽ֪
ʵʲôÿ޷ûȥûȥ˼ҲǸٟRĻ˵һͷд£ЩƼǵģǿһ۱ͷȥֱӾÿ
԰һԺǽֿ١»֮ʢ¡
ٟRŴһ֣ȥϰϺðλÿֿ٣״Ԫۡ̽ˣͺܴ಻ʡ
һأʧ
ٟRɴȥ֣֣Ϸ˵˻ػ緽عȥ
תУĺȥ԰ӻáٟRȡ壬˵͸Сܵģôڰ
Ȼ˵ǹСѧĺ񡣲Сӹѧʧûܿϣҽ廹
ٟRЩ⣬ҿСܺİôûϣ
˵ѧÿֻһٸѧͦ׵ġ
£׹ٟRָһһΣٟR˵⻹ʲôѽŬˡ
빫ڹ֪ʡ΢΢ǰٟR£룬ǲǻб⣿
ٟR⣬ʲô⣿
ֹٟR˵һˬ죬л˵
һ򴽣ͣѵ棬˴οʧ֣ŬҲһɺҪ˻أǲСԮ֮⣿
ҰǣٟRʡ
֣ⲻʲô£˵һˡ
һ˵˾㲻˵Ҳô˼˵Ȼڹѧһһ˲ţѧ˵ȻԺȥҼһ棬Ӫ֮ˡҾЩ֣Խ˵ġ
ٟR˵֣ѧѧ϶Ҳ¼ȡ仹ˡҲܸ䣬ӵݻ˶ˣͼռвѧӵܵ
֣˵СӲǹôǵȻðԼˡ
ٟRЦҲԼҪԼû£Ҳ᲻
ٟR»سҼһ棬һʼ֪
ٟRδ·£ȥׯԵ£һ⡣˼Ǹ˹ˣ˵ҪȥׯԣҲСмСǻˣ¹֮ĴС
٫hС¹ҲǴЩҰӾС
ӱͬ⣬¹˳Ҫûʲô𡣡
չǳȥԣһ϶زס¡ʱסĶǰźá
СӻߴߴԵĸ³֪Ķһӻ䣬մʪޡ


111 



ĵһһһ 
ٟRԵĸ³̶,ˣĶȥΧԣŸĸ֣̫¡֪ԼС,ʶһϲԵ˳᳤ӡ
ٟR˵,Ҷ˳ġʱǾס˳ׯϣڹׯӡĸ,˵òã
֣̫Ҵⶼźˡһ˳᳤,˵Ҳ,Һòã
Ķ˵Ͱ,ĸ˵ˡٟR,ĸķ
⻰˵֣̫˳᳤Цˡ
ֻҪٟRźóһӦ£֣̫ƾȥ
˳᳤ԭҲ֮,ȻԸٟR˳
ɵЩģŹŮ̫Слʽ,ʽ㵹Ǹ׵ġɵٟR,һȥ͵üգ㹦ô죿
ٟR˵ҿ˵,ݽϣǷŸ̼١
ɵ۵,㿴,żô
Ҹһȥġͦз
粻ȥ
û,ô֪ҪҸ,Ҿȥ
,ٟRһ,Ȼ粻ȥʷʦһֱ˵ΪѧʶҪ㣬֮Ժ㡣
ٟRľͲ졣һӺüʮ꣬ѵϢնûУ
ĶûУȥգÿ¶һ졣಻ٟRΨһӣǰֻ֣̫ǧ֣ʺǧɵԼ١ٟRҪÿһӣǵǻӣҲҪ˽ЩҲలÿ³һա඼Ϊż١
ҲϢٟRСüëͼ˵磬δҲҪ̫ۡ˵ųߣ㡣ãܶɻȥҲǶ塣
ֱЦͷһ˵ųߵôõġ
ҲЦˡ
๦æҪȥѧϰûʱ䡣
ٟRҲͲǿˡ
ٟRȥûпգ
ңҲȥЩ췪гǧͷ
ٟRСпΪ˲֣ʵҲû˼
ɵЦ⣬˵˵ʵΪ֣
񸸻Ҳϲ裬ҲϲԡٟRʣʣϲʲô
ɵ۵̫ƽҾϲˡ
Ҳϲһϲ裬ϲԣϲˣƯѡٟRָһϲ㡢ϲ⣬ϲϷϲ顭
ٟRһ̯֣ʮָ
ɵ֣̿ٽʮָ
ҲϲĶ̫ˡٟR䣬ɵ۱߶ͰŸˡٟRŸ׵֣Ÿ׵ӣȵ˵ҲϲʡҸӢð
ɵ۽ٟRЦĸŮĶӽ裬˾ǶЩ˷̣ʵļϸ£ȻģֲɨŮˡ
ٟRһ߶Тģͷϻʳԡ
ɵһʲôҪԻ
ûС˵̫ΣˣǶŮӣȴӼ¹𡣡ٟRź˵ϻõҴ˲ܴ򡣡
Ҳܴ򡣾ӲΣǽ֮£ѵûѧ
ʣǲǸʷ̫飿
ʲô
ٟRۺĶɤӣѧΩΩФʥ˴ˡ
뵽ʷ̫˵ʱģ׷ЦɵЦѵʦ㶼ȡЦ
ʷʦ㿴Ҹȥûҡҵٿһٺ»
ЦҶ죬ոһ䡣
ٟRأԺֻĸң֪һؿʷʦһءٺ»֣ҷһ롣
ҲҪͬˡ
ҪҪٟR˵ʷ̫ʣ㿴ʷʦߵۡʣЩֺáررѵ£͸ʷʦ
ɵۿЦã۶Ҳ󡣡
ұʷʦǿЩġ
ٟR׼֮£˽ʷ̫һ䣬밢RһأȻҪٺ»ˡھεġ
ʷ̫˽ǹѳнٺȫ۹⣬ҲýسǡҲҪǵãŮб𣬸˾ְⲢǳŮӣŮ̷ĸԭĸְ⽨ҵְҺ
ûʦ˵أϴΰR͸˲ô
֮ԭҲŮְ֮㿴Եķ棬кθ߼
RҲȥ
̫֮ϣששߣҽǴˣಲ̻أ񲻾˹
һಲ̻ء̵ʦ⻰ǣǳġ
һȥȰһȰRٿʦٺ»ˡ
뵽нٺ£ʷ̫ľ湫⣬ĵ˽൨ģ
ٟRͳǽŲʷʦٟRɲúŪ˵ʷʦԹ˵ΪԵʲûҡֲ˵Ҳû˵һ϶ȫûҵ˼Ƕ˵ģҲŲ⵱
ûȰãпһģĺܡ
ٟR裬ҸǸߵĶ񣿣
𿴸ʷ̫ԸٟRʷһʷһΪҪʷ̫ٺ»֮⡣
ʷŹֶԲסģǲٟRǰοʷʷ٣Ҫʷ̫뷨鶼ӵ¡ʷ̫ңһܷнٺʷͱȽϲң游ġ
ԺҪʵ룬ҪܵԼ˵㲻⣬ҲҪ£ֲǵӦ档ѵʷ̫˵ľȫǶԵģŮӽʷ̫ԣǣһӶ˵Ļʷϱ㲻ЩΰŮԡ
ŮӲ£𣬲һλһλܳŮӡԣʷҪԼ룬ԺҲҪ˵İ
ٟRֱǻ£ʷǹһٟRʷｻãٟRЩԼС۶
Ϊʷӡ
鲻һʷ֮ˣֻҪдĺãʷٵֱԼ֮飬һҫǧš
ʷ̫ϹŰ壬һĥҲʷ
ǿŮôٟRǽʷľŮӲɡ
ʱҲʷ̫
ʷٟRʹһȺ۶㡢ԼȸĽ˾ֶӣֱ˳᳤Էȥˡ


112 



ĵһһ 
˳᳤Էɽ,һγٟRԼСʱʵʵĳ˳һ̾͸ˡ
˾ǵҲͶų,ΪٟRͿʼϰ,߹Ҳѧϰ,Ҳ׷ٟRϡ
ӱȻҲ,ٟR֮еĹ,Ҳ,ȸ֮ϡ
,Ҳմŷ촰￴۶Ůʢ̾겻ѡ̾,˿̫ˡ
ǣ£Ĳ,ŮҲҡڵڽˣ
ٟRԼС,²ĹߵĵľǺӳһƬ,ˡ
ǵ·Ҳܿ·˼ٱ,Եͷ˱һ,ٟRԶɽ,΢ľ,̶Ƭũӳ,ũæµ,һƬƬé׺䡣
˳᳤ָٟR߶϶ǵ
ٟRҲʱˣڳڣʱٟRϡ棬˵һ䣬͵ġ
ֿߵܾӶࡣֲɣ˼ҡ
ٟRʣ裬ʳֵʲô
˳᳤˵ֵɣ˿֯ɳС
Ҳϲϡ
ţǡʺײǰ˶ǰϣԱײʹáٟR棬ҲԼֻϱŵ٫hҽˡ٫h³ӡ
һٟR˵裬㿴򣡡
һӴţɣˮţ
·߿һֻĸһȺԲС·ʳٟR߲ˣ˾ȥѼҪ
˾˵Ķ˼ĸŮģѼߣĸԼһˡ
ǰĸҲһιԺõġٟR˵ͷ˹Ӳףҿ˵˼ҵļ˵Ҳ᲻óԵģȥǮ裬ʮӸ⼦ңҪʹ˳Կ
ǣ˾ǰ˸ٟR򼦣ٟRŴǰС
ũһ˵ʮӣֲ߶Ӧļ
˳᳤ԷҲѽ硣
ǰʰ˳᳤ȻԺٟR͸ͬһңԺﶫӱ٫h֣չＸסһԺоҶ˳᳤ԺԶ
ԷԤʳ񳤹һԸһܳϡ
˾ǴŹ볤ߵŮٹŮʰٟRԺͷ羰Ժ꼫һӭš
ٟRޣһ
˵ΣJ
ԺѾ滨ˡٟRתſһȦһ֦Ҷ䣬Ҳܴ֣ʣ裬ˣ
ԭڹʱֲ֣Ϲһָ֣ϣһֲġ
ٟRһ֣ϣЦʣ裬ôˣ۫ĲЩûٟR֣̫ĸ֣ʺ˵۫ҽ֮£˳һ䡣
Ѿû󰭣̫ҽþӷүԷȥˡ
ٟR۫ϵƽƽδٶʡ
֣ԭڼע飬֮У٫hҲһ֣ϡ֣Ц˵ϻҸ֡볤ʱʶƹ˹ųϰ߳ƹ
ٟRսϸˡ
һùţϢٳԡ
ʵҲвԣΧǳأ˷ЩãŮ֡
ٟRǹ䣬ˢһƨûУﻹҪ˵Ҳ̫ƻˡ
ӱС̧һûܶԶӱٟRˡ
ٟR۹ֽУӱ㣬á
ӱָ۶ۿĶĶ
ŮҲԼС׹ﶼǺյģҲЩܿ͸ã
˶ٟRһˣôǣ٫hȻһˡ٫hС˶ȡ䣬ҡ֣һϻϻţ㿴Ƕ䲻УϹ䣬ܸ䲻Уʲôѽ
٫hһ룬Ҳһݵһһ
֣ɴ۾Ҳ̫˰ɣ
٫h֪ϲ£չֳһָ˵ֱͣ䣬ˣ
㵰չ״Ҳ׼hôô׼
Ҳ֪Ϲġ٫hãȻ
ӱٟRˣ˵ƽʱhͺܺðͬ٫hhһ
һΣһɱӱҲЩ٫hһһá档
չʲôϣ٫h룬һȻҲ֪Ҿ;С
ľĿŹԶԶ˵϶Ǵ˵е֡ҵ˵оˣٷУС
ﻹʰ׹ף˵û
׹ͷ֤ȷ¡
ұ㶼٫h֣٫hһ
һ죬Ҷϰ䡪
ֱٟRҲûܴԼ㵰¼Ҳ٣ģҲ˶ѣʣµĴҶ¼
ȻԲ٣ҲȤ˱ԡЪһЪٟR˸ԡҩİǵŵطϰһݣͨƣͣˡ
ϴұԵĶ
ٟRºã˾ŵĸ裬ҳַ֣ǳ
ٟRԵˣԵһֻССҲðÿڷϰζεԼһɽ
ڣ첻
ڵ죬ٟRԵһֻҰ䵽ҰϣҰʹһӷٟR㲻ţˢٲһҰһѪ죬ȥš
ٟR˵һССٟRΧԳһȦʴңûûˣˣ
ҶΪٟRˣӱЦҿ״ԪҪˡ
ǵȻˣһеˣ֪òе飡⻰ֱֱһڲĿ
ֱĳҲһãӭԲβ
ٟRԭԼԵɽҰôȥĸʡֳãκ̫ůұ㶼ڱԷˡ
ٟRԼС͸ĸʡֳΪ˴γе
ΪСرɰٟR᲻öͣÿֻ
ع·ϣٟRһϲֻ˳᳤źô伸裬ŶûȤ
˳᳤ǰãǵʼԳǲ˼
ܸȤٟRš
˳᳤ȡСһֻӹ˳᳤ŹʸƿֱϣɫһҽУ׹µ
ٟR𾪵գĳٟR졣
˼شĿٟRһüǣ䡣
ٟRર죬ֻʣһпҵĸ죡


113 



ĵһһ 
˳᳤ӴٵΪٟRһݶ
λ㲢ûٟRһع,Ǹظң٫hչ֣ٟRҲǷż١ؼϢ,˳һǴԵ硣
ع,ٟRͬһɫĽԼʱĳҾĿ׼,ˢһż,һġ
ѧСһ,ֱ֡Ȼ,ٟRվ,ˡһֱӱ㻹ҽ,۾ߣÿζôģÿζաĸʡĸ󡢸硢а,Ƕ֪,һأͲôһ
ָһľ룬ҵļֱǲżȥ,˵ƵģҾ˸Σε׷һֻһҹ,ҽ,Ҳѵġ
,ȥһ,ɶûԵ¡
˵ٟRһͦС,˵ȥ,ʱôȥˣȻʲôûԵһ١˵죬֮ڱľжˣ
ٟRŽż⣬ŵǰͻȻһֻҰа˸ߣɰһ죬β⡣ֻˣ·ġ
ͦ£ѾЦ̵Ļ£Ҳͷ֡
ٟRһ⼦;ţ֮
ɵЦʲô֮
עҪԵļٟRһԼʣһ䵽ľʣһҵֻݵһҵļһɺХֻʣӰȻˢһӣûҰҰʱʹһ⿺ʹУķһȡ
ֻС첲һһĵıȻţޱ棬ϵĳγ߸ߣҰųҷҾͻȻµһźơʱ򶨼ˣһ£ˢĴӼϻһ֧ڹһȻҵıǼһǼһҽУѪ죬žĴӰأֻĵ£վһ˫С۾ȴĿң·Ҵһ仰λֵ䲻ʣȴҲı졣ȻǼһգˡ
ٟRһܽᣬԵĵһֻĸ˵粻
֣̫ף硣ҿʵϻԼҲ˼־ʡ
ɵ۵ͷɲôϻҲûҴʲô
ٟRɵĿλǲЦҰɡ
ɵʵ̲סЦҶЦǰϣ֣ʺ󶼾ţٟRСʱǸȽĺӣÿ춼һС˵ر档͵˴ˣҲԽɰ
ٟR˵ʲôЦġûϻͨҸҵļͨˡ
һ˵ͨɵһЦٟRͣǰ۾ɵЦİٟRЦһͣ۵ЦŮİͷԭһէһ빬Ӧͦá
ûʲôӦġҸһ˯һԣаӱǣѶһԭѴ򵽵ļͻǳԵģˣ͵ͻˣڱԷһһˡǲ֪Ǽʿˡ
ɵЦ޷ǳһġҷĸǴһһȥԳʱٳǰR
ģǿ̫ˣٟRִһΧ֮¡
ٟR˵컨׹ʵȥһˣֻһһáӱԸ֣⼸ԵҪǽӱСԵġ
ٟRҪ˵һ٫hh׼ͷرãһһһһ
ӱ˵hֵӡҵѧҲϰܾòҵָУ֣ǿˡhָкá
ӱٟͬR˵ļҲ׼
׼Ҳûáࡣһѣһ޴գüͷģְҲһ
ٟRԼָңһС
ٟRСչʾɰȻϵĿɰһٱֹҰСһҶˣһֻ
֣̫&amp;ɵ&amp;֣ʺ&amp;&amp;˳᳤&amp;󣺡
󣬴һ±ʾһĸŮ룬RǾȼɡ
ٟR룬Ҳͬˡ
ٟRұ֤һú
ǣ˾ܹܽӵٟRҪµСһҽסĵط
׳ơѡ
ٟRԻϢһգͶ뵽ҵȥˡ
˼Ĳᡣ
Ȼⲽ˵ɰɡż꣬˵֪ͷ£֪Ҳܲˡ
ĪСҿ˵Ҳܻ˼ȥͺֻܴиġȻȴ̾һСӶ̰һԣɶˡ
ҿù̶ҾͲţҲǾӢ
ҪǸңôӢˡȻҧһȭұصøϼһÿ
ѲݸȻ
žǰյֵؼҺֵֹһϣҲû̫õķӡϾݹѧƷѧʿ׶ġ
зӰѲݹŪҲܺ
ֵΪ½ʾ֭˾ǸٟRʰʱٟRôٟR϶ģͣҲвĿ¼һֽһʽȥ
ٟRǰҴġˣˡ裬ȥȸһžտɵֵҡ
˾̵ȸͣȸֵСΪĸ׽ڹգҲμӹľۻᡣ־ڳң⹫ԣҲС˻
ͣСҲ֪žˣǱ䵽ģƷΣ٣𣬴Ҳ
˵ż֪һ
żҽӵϹٴţֵܶʱ˾λػ¡žҵȼҪڹϹΪ㵱Թ̹ԴȻҪԴԴ߹ġ


114 



ĵһһ 
ֵܶһº̹,ǱͶ˹ġͷͶϹٸ¹ٳ¹ٸϹپҡ
žҲϢʱ,ҲûԾ͵ٹȴټ
ٟR¿,٫hĲսٹſ,ͼվžͦ,עĿ
ٟRԲ,ɼǵžࡣžҲǵٟR,æǰݼ,ٟRһ֣ضɡ
ٟRֱӵԼԺ,£֮ģٟR,˲,ž˵Ȼа壬Ҽˡ˵ӢСûйѧ,һͦ⣬ںӱ߶ӢСʱ,ͦġҿǺѧ֮,ôûϹѧѧѧԺô
žһΪ,ٟR,뵥,Ҳ֪²ܡž,Ӣѧϰпɣؼ˵ˣпɡǳ΢ʲ㣬ʶӢ䡣
ٟRһΪ𾪣£
ǡž£ӢԺǲݹС˽ѧÿҪʮѧǰԺвϰΣһʮڣÿҪʮӡѧǰɽ̫̫Ǵţ񡣽Ժ󣬰ӢȻ䡣ʵķ
ٟRһѰ˼èžѴ˽ѧвݹ壬ƫǲݹԿġ
˼һǮ顢ϲϰΡɽ̫̫Ϊ£
ƫžģ˿ҲֱѰ㲩ݹĴ©ǡ
ٟRʣ֤ݣ
žֱ֤ûСݹȸֱ̣лңʮ⡣
ٟR˼άתĺܿ죬ǹֲ̲ù٣µ֤ݡٟR֪ˡһġӢСڼҺúö飬С±ġ
žǰõֵֻܷ֮Ը
֮صġ
ٟRĥĥùžİͬĸˡ֣̫֤ܵݡƾ֤ƾһƷһ֮ǣѵѧѧʿ
ˡٟR˫ѧôһԼ֪
Ҫôԣ֣̫ʡ
ԡٟRѧΪҪѧԣΪѡвŸɵӵͨˮ׼֪
֣̫ǰֻСһ׮֣̫ҲϣٟRⲻ֣̫ʣ˭⣬ʲô⣿
ĸ½ңһ׼
֣̫ЦԵ±㽻㣬°ã˵
ٟRʹ˵ѧĸŹܣѧǹ麲ԺܵġѧĹݳУ顢ʿŴǺԺѡɡ
ٟR˵Ϣ˵ѧл¸֮£ʹŲʵ֮˽ѧ飬ЩùĿҸĸ˵ˣ׼¡
ȵǹ񡣡˵£顣¸ӦҴ¡ʷ̨̲
񲿿ɲܲ鰸ӡ
˵Ҳ鰸ӣˣµǼ٣ѧˮƽξ֪ˡٟRʦ񲿣񲿲ǹſԵôȸ͸ףԺѧ׶ѧЩΣÿſѧ˶٣ѧϰΧڳ⡣Ҫһѧ
ʣ±֪𣿡
ĸѾ½Ұ죬Ҹ˵һͳɡ
·ԸJ
ٟRԵȣ˾ȥٺԺƬӹȥ̹ٿɥūŹȥͣԺūźһ˵úԺܺ٣ūŲ£˵ĿٟRһ̹߷ߵ˵ùѧһѧƣùǣ̫ʺ󡣱ǰ֮£ҲӦ»ߴ
鿴һٟRɫվ
ٟRԭǻȳû뵽һʺᡣٟR̹٣˵£ʲôޣͽôƸҲˣ
̹ٶʱһԴ£ɫūţūѧޣһʱû뵽
ȥٟR̹ٴȥܲСȭͷԭΪʷʦϹŰ͵ͷˣԭϻԺˡ
ȰԺǸִˣػαһƽϡ
ҪƽϣûˣٟRŭûУƢСѧܵĸùʺһҳҷͣ
Ҳû˵ԵˣٟRʦȻذɣʰӵģ
ˡ
ҶΪߣ֣ЩٶصöϲʾǲȨ
ӱȥĸ˵ûĸ
չȰٟRһ¾ˣºú˵ԭԭʲôʲô̫ͱ¸µּ⣬ԺҲ
٫h֡ѧ֮֡ĳ󶮣ףڹ˽ٟRöԣԺ
ɵ۵ٹʡٟRٟRͰĸ͸ףɵʣ뿼Թѧӵˮ׼
š׽ѧΣѧѧӵˮ׼Σһֻǲܽйѧѧ⣬ҲľѧѧʶܺãǱܸ档ǿ䣬ɼѧ⣬Ҳ뷨ӽܲܳ͢ӣһȺֻ֪ռֵӵܡ
ɵףǸð취ٟR¾ô졣Ҵȥ˵һúԺ㡣
ӱϣٟRδԺ״ֻ˵һ䣬ӵĹЩҿɲڶ⡣
ɵΣԺȷᣬܺԺܵĲR
Ҫŵллء
ڶ죬ٟRʷ̨ʷ顢ʷ̫ٺԺѧʿ㵽ٟRǰһƲѱģٟRͷβΣŹ֮ϣѧʿһ񣬡֮¡
ٟRһ飬СѧĲȫ˾񲿣ҽӦʲô
ʷʷ̫ѧʿʱɫ΢䣬ص»͢أʽд񡣡
ٟRעѧʿʷʷʷʷ̨緽ʷ̵һѧʿҿƲףΪʧ֮
ʷѾڸѧʿʹɫѧʿҲȫɵϥ°ݣߵ񣬿ڳƣԺӵ££ǧǧǧꡣ
ʷΪѧʿ飬£ѧʿһЩٻ²ҪJ
ٟRһߴǣԲǰҪ¡ĸҸѧһ¡Ժѧѧ롢ѧѧĿʵ֪񲿣˴οĿ࿼񲿡ʷ̨һ𡣿ʱһȥѲʷ̫˾ְ̫ҲһȥƣԺϽѧǺεȳڡ
ٟRעѧʿѧʿѧˣз㿴Ժν̻ѧӵܵġ
Ҫ⣬ڴСʷ̨Ե³µٟRɫ䣬ȫƽ˵ЦɫԸϺ󣬡Щ£ȥɡ
ʼգδѧʿ


115 



ĵһһ 
ٟRȻ䲻,ʷ̫ɫûҶԣһ˳,ѧʿòߡɵº,һ񣬼ϳ,Ҳֻ빪й֮¡д,֣,ҲҪйݴġ
ƽٟRҲЩ,̹ٱ,ѧʿһһƹôҪƸӵĺÿ
˽Ѱ,ͷһ
ʷ̫æס¶ͻȻ,,֪飿ö˶˵ģ̫ôҪУѧ
ʷҲ飬ǰ,룬͸Ŷ,Ҳ
,˵ǹŹѧ,,¶֤ݡѧû,һͷôѧʿ,Ϊ¡ѧʿҲǣѰͷѹ̹Ѫͷ
ѧʿŲӣûб̫ѵһ٣ұԺ󣬷ѧҪҪȥ
ºú˵Ҫô˵ѵ㣿Ǹѿҡͷģɲѧʿеĵùˡ
²ֻҪùô򵥡
Ŀǰ̽ǣ
̸Źѧ֮£ڸɢˡ
ʷô³¡࿼棬ʷ̨ģ񲿸
˫úٹͨȻյݸ¡
ʷ̫˽ȰѧʿһأҪ빫ײԺʵͦ
ѧʿٟRɨӣƵȴҲ֪ʷ̫⡣ѧʿֻǵĹССͣ˵Ժ롣
ⵣҲЩ²ŵ¼汸빫á
²ŵ¶ãҲŵǡѧʿüѹĸͣҲֶΣº飬ҹĶ֡
ʷ̫ձҹ桱Ǻţ˵˰ٺ»ĳ㣬ö˶˵ķǵǹƽʱӵ£С
ʷ̫һѧʿãҸ½ѧͬ˵˵´Ϊһ
ѧʿҲû뵽ٟRǿӲǣлʷԮ֣ȥݿ
˷ֵС
ƣýѧʿѵ̹٣ѧʿвʷ̫һͨðѧʿѵһ֪ˣαص
ѧʿ֪ˡˣЩʵûġҲ֪һǶ˭Ĳơ˵䣬̹پˡʷ̫ʵѧʿ˼ǹŮ⳼ֲҵڹְ㹫٣ҲӦġб֮
֪̫ѹѧĲʹȻϲʧ㿴գһټ
ϾѧʿҲʦ֮һðɣһͬ˵Եʡ̫ͨʷʦҲȰȰʦøǰʧǰ
ǡ·ģֻᡣ
ʣΣ
ʷ̫üƽʱȥҲ١
ǰһ£룬һ֪
Ҷڷ죬ʷ̫ü⣬˵ǹŹѧЩҪУѧƽﲢѧ֮¡
˽ģ˵ѧɣʧ档
ʷ̫˵㿼ԣʷ̨࿼ҲһѲ
ʦȥҲǿƾǰѧСRвȫģʦһ
ͦȫľ׼Ժ֣˾Ḷ̌ٴĿƿ˴αܿѧʵˮ׼
ѧʿݣȥ֪ͨУ顢ʿˣѧʿֱӵѧңվڽ⣬ӾΡǰļѧ߲ڵ½ͷӶ˽һλǿյġ
ѧʿվڴ⣬һѧ֮
񲿳ѧ̳ܽʲôѧӣѧʿ߷ߵɫһף¸ף¹ѧ繫ԣС񻰡֮£
ݹӭѧʿŭ㷢֮ѧʿָŲݹǴＷһ䣬ĳУ㵱ĺòʹ
һֱȥ
ѧʿûŹһףԸ̰ѧȣ
ĳû뵽Ժ˾ȻԼ٣˿飬֪Ķ⣬ʱ˿̣а㵢飬Դȥ˰Ҳ죬ԼСʱ㽫ϹϾһֵ̿ķѧʿ
ѧʿʣѧĶ
ĳҳϡ
ѧʿһԱȣĳеȥݼ
ĳжʱŵսսɫҰףžڹ£ˣСģ¹¹
ѧʿȥ
ºĸѧʿʱ˿̣Ψһ
ĳвҲȥѧʿȥˡѧʿɣݱڹڣ·;̫Զһѵµѧʿ¹ֱֱѵµǰ
ĳм״ŵĶɸ޲̻ȥ¡
ʱ˿̣̬Ѳ˵㣬ΨһıѧʿΡΡĹ£Ωһ;


116 



ĵһһ 
ѧ,Ѵ̣ѧʿһͷߵڵϣγ֮
ɵԭ룬ԼѧЩ⡣ϾĶǹԱӵ,ЩӻƤ,ҲǱ¡
ɵ۶ǰĹѧڶԼѧӵ,ûϵѧиˡ
ǰûȥѧѲӹôɵӵ¡
ӵɫÿ¶ȥ,һȥһΡʱ,ӵҲ,ԼȥѧʱǱ,ƽʱȥ֪ϰ,ǰ׼
ʱݹĳѾ̱ѵµڡѧʿϾֱӹϽݣ,ҲǱ۵һ,ͬ˵ʬλزͶġ
ɵƳ̱ķĳһۣ,һԺھ,ƽϾ,ֲƲ,㻹һһ׼
ӵ,ʵ,ʿһ,ʱ顣ѧѧСˡ
ôһȺСѧȲʿԹǹӼѡزӡʣѧʿ󽫹ѧ񵹲ˡ
ӵ²۹Ժھ֮£Ĳĺɵ⡣ֻɵҲﻢ¡
ٟRѾӹܴ£ңٟRŪˡȺʷ̨ʷ̫һѲʱѧֲѧҪչڹ컯֮¡
ιѧɵ۲ԡ
ֻһɵ۵ӵϣҲǣҪ޵Ĺ㲻﹫ҲûŸ޵س֪
ʱ˿̣ɵٟRǵҪϹѧҪӵһĺÿɵ۵֪ѧΣǿһ㲻ãҲ֪õʲôزܲķϡ﷽ѧݹְ֮Уݴɿԣ£Ժۡ
ӵûΪԼһ䣬һ䣬ֻ£ߵף¡
λ֮پӺѧԺ֮λ߹٣ʱԼˡ
ٟRһѧ飬ɵ۹ͬĸ˵һ˵ѧԵĽȣΰŵġ
ɵ˵ôʷ̨ˡ
ʷǴ˽Ǽ࿼ٟRʷʦҲѧʣҸʷʦ˵ˣʱҲʷʦͬһѲǰʮһҪʷʦѧʿʷʦһĹ͡
Ĺ͡ŮѧʿֶΡɵ۵ӵ¸ȥˣȥѲӹѧܲͳֻûʲôĿ͡
ƽʱѲӣ˵ҪԣŻŵȥѲʲôãٟRм
ɵ˵ƽʱҲѲÿʮȥǽ֪ȥɱ
ٟRЦҪǸţ벻ÿͬһȥױɣпԭѧʿ˭һƷĴѧʿźԺѧӣھ֮ˡˣѵ벻Ҳš޷Ǿǲģûܰˡ
ܹܺúֵˣܲùѧ⻰˵ţ
æ˵㲻֪ѧʿ˼ԭǹΪ⳼˽ֻ˵·Ǻˣ̹ٹҲСˡ
Ҳ˵ҿʦͦڵģŲʧ㡣
ҲûͰٟR˵㲻˽ûס󹬣Ͳٹĸ밲ԭô
˵ԭҺ޹ӣҲÿԺ˵Һ۸ٟRȫԼ˽ģҪȫûһ˿©ץҲץšԼʹãܹ˭
ٟRʱһҪ̲æ̯ȫ͢
ٟRȻӵ˵
ɵ̵Ķܰǰѹѧڵ֪һҲ
Ҳæ˵£¡һٸѧʿҲȲ˰R㰡
ٟR۾һɵ죬һȽʮʮһǾʹ˸
ɵĿɿڴཪ󶼲⡣ٟR˵Ժٰҳ˵»ط
Լԩˣȫʷʦ֮УңѧʿҲʦŰŽһ֮¡
ɵҲ˵RʿǾ£˵ĶʵѧΣȻҪġ
Ҳæ˵˵Ķѧʿ£ɲǰ˵
ٟRСǳúŪǰѧʿｲܲûԩҲûƾûݾøʷ˵ʲôʧڴ󳼵ĵط°£ֹûꡣһӸȻ첻ǣ
ɵĸ֣̫󣬡ĸҲ˵仰
֣̫ûﰢRҪƲƺͺá
ɵЦðɺðɣǰRͷһع£ôŰɣRġ
Ҳֻýõ¡
һ²RôҪ̲æԻûУûʵݣÿʹѧԱġ
ȱܡٟR˵֪һ͸ʷʦǣʷʦѧʿϵã¾й¶ȥˡ
Σֻ˵һ䣬R汣ܡ
ǵȻˣ
ϻصԼԺӣӸȥ̾ȥֵô
Ͼͱˡȥû׼RǮ
ֱΪ֣δ룬ֻǳƺӣ򷢴Ըȥ
ǷݶҲһˡ
л࣬Ҳۡ
Цûͦġ
˵ҪҪӣʦҲǣ˳RǡҿʦҪҡ
˵ѧ治¹Ҳ
ͷ
֣յȼסһ˼ʺཪûټ⡣
ٟRҲõһ֪ˣķĸĪ磬Ҳ֪ôģΪôͿܵѧʿѵֵ˽ɣ


117 



ĵһһ 
ʷҲǳдԱ,ڸ֮һܿѧʿѵµϢ£,࿼ûУ
µ,׼⣬ǰܳʵݸˡ
ͷ·һ,ѧ£ʷʷ̨ͷͷ,˿Ѿ,ΪιҪʷ̨
ѧɢ,ڹٳ¡
ٳ˿,ѧǸټӵܽύãѧϰ,ڴϯ
ʷԴǷǳ֮ԱǵģȻҲϹٳӵܡ
ҪУѧȴǽ񲿡ʷ̨Լʷ̫,Ҫҿѧ߲
Ҫҹѧ,ѧӹԱȻ׵壬ԭѧֻǺԺְµһСְ,ùѧѧʿ˹,ȻŹѧʿ
ֻҪѧѧ֮ʵ,ѧʿΪԺ,Ѵ̡
һƷ,ٴ˾,ʧܶûǣѧʿ,ȴСˮݡ
ʷֻһʱ͸ǹ˼ٹ˼
ʷٹʰѧʿһ乫֡
ǹԼļıǿɾ̫ˡ
ʷϸһʷ̨ʷ๫£ԼһԼҹŮ빫µ꣬ķƽ
£ʷ¿˷Яȥ񲿡ʷ˵⣬٩һ䣬ѧԣʷ̨ô񲿻
·Ըʷ̨࿼ǲǣƿϱУҵøȡȡ롣ʷµݸ飬øҰѰѹء
Ȼʷ࿼ǾͰѼ࿼°Ư
Ƿʷһ׼áģԺ˵
仹δѧĿӣǿԵڣһѧСһ
տµɫóǵͬʷβÿʱЩ飬Լμ࿼
ʷûֹԣһҲ죬ٴǲ
ԱͲ롣
һأҪȷʷ̨ټ࿼ÿλ࿼Щ򡣱ϾѧҲˡ
ʷʣѧҲ
飬û˵
ڹ˳˶ûǹ˼
Ĭһͷٿʷ㰴ٿļ࿼׼࿼ˡʷΪ࿼ѭ˽ץξ࿼򡣡
ףҪ¸ɴȫʷǸ̳
ſԵ£´ӹѧѧĿγ̽ڷΧȡ˻Ҫõġ
ʷſһۣۿγãǽڽȣ
ϾǺԺƶĿγ̡
ʷҾȻȥż࿼£Ҳֳˡ
ͷʷš
ѧѧЩΧ󣬱㰴꼶ſúʱ䣬ٹ¡
ٟRУȥݼ֣̫˳̫ͬｲ˽׼ĹѧУ֮¡֣̫ðRɡ
ʱٟR뽪ӱ˱С飬ٟRȡСݸ˾ǣЦʣʦôˣ
һҾѾˣ¹Ŀ
ٟRȶˣԺҲڣ͸ĸ˵һ򷢸ȥңҾͻˡ
ϰҲҪ˱ص彡ܵ¡οѾ⣬һġ
˵ţȡһõĿ⣬ݸٟR
˽ӹ⣬תٟRٟRҿֽ±㿴Ҳ꣬ѧʶ˵ԨǺѧ̵ݣҲûٟRѧĸ
ٟR¿Ҳв󶮵ĵطҲף꼶Ľȣ⣬ΪѡСȡ
ȻʦٟRĸ֣̫ûȽ㣬
ٟR˵ǾͰʦ⿼
ѡףǰӡơ
ٟRѡͰʦԾӡһסֲ࣬£ֻһģһܿꡣ
ȡ·ֽķã˾ȡٟR˽ӡٟRӹӡڷڴӡ¡滨Ժ˽£ʱٟRرܣҪ˽
סר˸ӡƣӡ䣬ֱѧԽǷɹң䲻潻
ʣ£ԱڹѧҪǰ׼
ǹѧԣӦ߽ԹѧӵܣҲ࣬һּѵµǰĹ㳡ӦԣһĿȻ
ǳ׼ߡ
ٟRͷȥš
ɵ۵ٹٟRͰùѧѵµǰ㳡Ե˵ˡɵ˵ҲɡϾǹѧӵܡ
ٟR˵ʣҪпգҲȥ࿼
ѧԣҪ޼࿼ɵۺЦ
ѧҪѽͷǹԱҵĺӣЩԺҲᵱ٣һĸһԺҲĳӣǰŵ
ٟRһ˵ɵҲðɡ
׼һ룬һ
׼ˣ
̲֪һ̲ˡ
̲ʲô
òѧ飬òԷ濼
񲿾ר˾µĹԱ
񲿹ܵǿƾ٣ƾ׼֡죬ִæġʱһаա
ٟRɳ֣ɵ۱ˡ
ٟRɴ࣬ڶ̲鵽ٹҹʾٟRҪ׼̲֡գǿԵӡ
ѵµǰſΣīԴ빬ʱ㾾ü濼ģϴСģ񲿶Դ˾ḻУٵֿѺ
ѧӴűį̄ƾ׼Ӧ
Ϊǽԣɾ˱ͦ
ѧʿʷվѵµǰĹ㳡Уӭٹ¡
֪ٟRҪȥѲ֣ʺٹƬ̣Լļ߽ٟRʹȥ£صЩ
ٟRرˣлĸҾȴ֮ˡ
ٟRʣĸļߣĸôغأ
֣ʺЦһûȥɣֻȥ¡ѧӼࡢԺȣû˷ѧҪʵѷߣٻŵڵӵܣмǲٵģܰѹѧܺãΪ츣ˡ
֣ʺһ£ʱЦ⣬ɼˡٟRƬ̣ȥɣˡ
ٟRǹĸĸŽӱһȥ˿
ʱͼٟRβСڣŹķ멻ԶԶĳ˷߶
緽ʷȸƫ֣̫ĳӣʱٟRһҫ۹װԶ뵽ٟRѧʿֶΣҲơʢ˥ĸпJ
ѧʿкθܣ㲻ˡ
Ƿķ֮УйٹЦкλͬţȥӭһӭ°ɡ
ѧʿƳһ۹ǺƺƵ㳵ƣ¼ǲỹ̡ɣ
麬Цͣʱ̡ͻؼˡ

ҵ̫һ䡣
ʷʵܲȶԻӣȥӭӭ͵ˡ
ǣһȥӭӹ¡
λ˹ٟRδضΪ֮»Ƿġ͹ȥɡ
ٟR絽ԼһյĹĵطѾ׼ãŻɡʹáٟRһƬѧӣװģĵͷ
һʱʱ
һ¹ԱһС࣬£һϿʼྲ
ԭֱͦĹѧֱŷʷѧʿϻٟRҿϻϵķֽȡҪԾԾַֽ棬ȡֱ򿪷ֽ
Ȼʦȥ
ѧǽ˾ӱͷ⣬࿼ʷѲԼٟRͷʵûʲô£ҲװģѲһأһ磬Ѳء
֣ʺطǹʱԶԶѵµǰһƬԵĹѧԼͷ¶ɫɡʡ
פƬ̣֣ʺ󴽽ǴһĨ޵Ц⣬˲нǷš


118 



ĵһһ 
ÿʱ,ٟRʹС³Ѳһءѵµ㳡Ĵ󳼿һٟRĸССŮѲӹѧһۡ
ʷ̫ҲһأҪǹ,뿴ѧˮ׼,˼˾ܲס,ٟRعȥˡ
ίʵѣ
ٟRɫֻֿԡһʱ,Խͭ,ȫѧ±,ȴվ
վ,ֱ¿ϻϷ,ӡٟR˽ӡһСӽĻ£񲿹Աſϻ뿪
ٟRҲٹϢ,뿪ʱ˵,ŷ׼ͣһ͵񲿡ҺúϢ绹һ
鼸л,Ŀ͹˷뿪
ʷʵر뽨鹫ٹЪţǿž,빫Ƣ,ûȥ졣
֣̫,,翼Σ
ͦõ,Ա,Ҳͦ濼ģץ˼Ѻʮ벡ٵģвӵٟRСһĸȥˡһԷһü࿼ġ
֣̫Цһͷȥɡ
ٟRŽӱ˻ԼԺӣٟRǴŹվڣֱ첲˾Ǹ˴ϼҳĴ
ٟR٫hh㣬㲻˰ɣ
٫hͷţտʼҶܽţĳŵҲû
ġǾǿǿԡٟRʽӱǾΣ
ӱ˵ͦáһͷһؼ࿼
֣ʣЩСģ˴ģҪô죿
չӦúо顣
ٟR˵ûġ˵ˣ裬ȥʦ˵һ˵˸׵ͷԡҪʲô÷һӲӟRͷˮ
٫hףΪʲôЩ
ٟR˵жҲܽǺܡ
֣ЦչҲ
ùţСƬ̣ٟRְʱĹȥ࿼ɵ뵽ŮֵĿԣϣҪȥѧԣȲͬ
˼ǰӭ
ٟRȻǰɵ۾ͼŮССӣȴǰͦǰλ΢䣬ǰȵض񡣡
ٟRģ˵ţѧѧСӣ˹ѧ֮
ɵ۵ˣ
糡տʼջһٟR׽ܣͶҲƿƾٶȣһҪãһʱһվܻؼҡ
ٟRŸѲһس׽ĸǸ꼶ĸǸѧģЩǶһѧġ
ɵվվ˼ѧģԼдΣ֪ѧѧϰˡԿһɵٟRúü࿼żλ뿪ˡ
ǰĿһվڹϵԼŮ
ǡһҲûһŮڿꡣ
չﵹûɶ޽ǣ΢΢ףڹߵˡ
ࣺ
ɵۻصѵµʷ̫֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣȥƹġһؾһأʵǡJ
ôôȥСС͵ġ
ʷ̫£˼Ž飬СЩǺģ紵ɹģûĽй͡ԺƵ£ô½֡
ɵ۵ǹֹѧЩˣ鿼һ
Ҳ۹ôԱΪ·Ǹɻģϲ͡ʷ̫ʼΪͷ¾Ӧ
ɵ۲ÿɷ
ţůˣ˰ɡˣαȻأҲûЩʱˡ
˵࣬ɵҲһ䣬ڵ۶լʰˣ
ʷ̫һۣûȥӦǶʰˣլ븮ʱȥһߡ
࣬Ҳаʦ֮ꡣɵס
࿼һʱ䣬ٟRֳһʱÿ춼׼ʱȥٻٹԽľٟRָƽʱѧϰġ
ϼСпһ˵չٟRѧҪô죬³û
ٟRҪңϸȫؼңкϸѧ
֣ڹϣӵӰ֣֣˵¶Ǹô죬ֻ²ס㲻֪ȥѧģԼҵǼݵٹԱĹϵ⿼ˣ֪ж˵ġ
ӱڵһ鼦Ѫʯ˵Ҳȫãкõġ
ٟRǣ˼ӵܲ˵գֵܶѧô
ҡͷҼֵܴҪ߿ƾٵģԺӼࡣҪǶ鲻ɣƾģѧ꣬ѧǶΪ٣뷨Ӿ
ٟR֣֣˵Ҽ٣游ڵ۶Ϊ٣岮ֵܣȥ߶Ϊ٣Ҳڵطٵģͺˡ
ӱҼؼƽء
٫hң˵һ䣬ҲƿƽʱҲѧ
ٟRҲûʲô⣬ӣȻҪܹѧհ˵¶ƺװ졣
ٟRȻѣ˶˵׵£ҲΪס
ٟRһ֣²˵
ǣţٟR˷ӵȺ
СɽһٟRʾ
̫Ϊ˰


119 



ĵһһ 
ٟRеһʶԱ
տʼھǸٟR밲,ٟRûϣƽʱҲʺãܿ,ٟRʶ,աﲻһ
Ϊ
̫ˡ
̫ˡ
͵Ҳ̫ˡ
աٟRյЩСŮΡ֮,ԾȤȡʤִŶ䱦
Եʡ
ٟR룬ǰҲûɶ仯,Ψһͬľ¹ѧˡ
ٟRʮֳס,,ֻաĸпһ,ǰҶʷ飬Щ̰Ǯ,ʮֲ⡣ֵң֪ʢȴ
֣̫⻰,֪,⻹Ҫ¡
ٟRСԴĸ˼һƬ,ʵþǧ֮⡣
֣̫Щһ¾ΪҲͬһЩˡ֣̫,,͵˰¡
ٟR˵,²ȵ˵
̫,ٟRȵȿ,Ȱꡣ
ٟR²ʱ,ڴȥĩȥҽЯ۶ǡص۶ȻȽݼ
ɵ۶ԶಢϤʵ۵ڸ೼أڸ֣֣̫۫ϣ٣ϡ
±ϣԲϣؼȥˡ
ʵϣλ治ϣչ֪֮ꡣԶ볯٣Щ걣õһͷڷټ˿жһ˿ҰȻͶ㶼˵
ǹʱ޻䣬Ϊ͢Ϊޣ´󹦣ʼռ
¹ˣΪҪϣǳı֣ʲô˲õ¡˫ɵۣЩ꣬Ұ̫ƽ︻㣬֪ȵۣȻʢ̫ƽ
˿һɵ۾˵Լһ˫Ů֪̿ùڽסʮַĵġRŹ־飬ֻһλЩƫ޴꣬RʳڣԶʤˡ
꣬޵ӹһΣ飬Ӱټңиݽ겵ļʶ֪ࡣɵ۵ʹӹ֮ġ
һ񣬡ּ
ɵԴŶൽٹ밲֣̫ҲЩϲȤһΪ㲻ˡ
ҡʵȥĩ¼ѩ·УҲЩİ飬Ͷൢ˼աЦҲǳ֪̫¿ʣҷ
һ˵Ҳ˵Եˡ֣̫һЦʣʵ۸˵ӵô
˵ףʳڡ
أRϻۡͬҲиĳҲţģ˷ѹӽΣԺɽնл㡣
ЦɸҲּ̫ܲ
յ۶գҲڼϢգ˾ɵլӿɻ⡣Ͽΰɡ
֣̫䣬ֱӰ鶨
оĽҲˣЧһĿĿԣܿӾˣ׵ȵģÿ꼶ˣҵȵģҲʮˣ߽Բ
˵£ɵٟR£⣿
ٟR´򻨴ϣһţҷ²
ɵĸŮ˵˲
šٟR˵㲻֪ܶھ˸밲Ǽӵܻݼӵڹѧġ
ٟR˵һӡ
ɵۣ
żǵǶġƭˣ
ǲڡٟR˵磬ôšȻû˵¡ǷǵﲻաG
ཪʿʱĿɿڴ
ţѾˡѧ£ǵýй顣̲»ʷ̨ǲ鰸ӵٟ֡R׳⣬ʣͽ˾ȥ顣
ɵۿУӣأ
ݹȻҪһģѧʿͬô˼·ҲӿȲ飬ؼǣڹѧҪô죿
ôѧϰһͿĹѧѧĹѧˮƽǲᡣ
ٟRŪСѧ£ó͢飬ôһ⣬˼ô
ǳУЩ¸ߺŽĹѧҪΣ
Ҳµ֤ݣ磬ҰЩھ㣬ܽģܸģǾԼҶӲڹѧҲݼҺڹѧ߹հƣйٟR˵Ҫû֤ݣ˵ǼҺߺŽĹѧǹҲķ
Ҳоѹ˵֤µһʱõ
֤ǰܴЩˡ
ѵôţ
ҲвϵķӡٟR˵Ѿˡ֤Ҳʱ䣬ĥĥȥЩӹ˹٣Ժ󻹲֪λա
ǼȻˣǴšѧҵڹ١ʱҵ⣬˭ҵ˭ȥ١ϲҵģһֱڹѧǶһӡ
ͷһУһʱ֪ۡһķȱˣѧÿ겻ҪУѧӷ򲻶࣬Ҳ֬࣬˵ˣۡ
¶ףԺ޲ÿ˵㡣úõģвģȡʵڲģǵûӲܼѧۻ׬Щ
һֱʱҲţԸѧЩѧӵܣֱǡǡã
ЩѧһǰģáѧЩҲ죿ЩǼĿ̫ƽˡ
ţҲϣ;֪ٟRֿ˵Ŵѧ׼Ժǻǵѡ񡣡
ѧ׼򣿡
šҴһ׻˵ûйأɷԲʷʦҲ˵ˣҪѭ;ޡʦ˵±Ҫͷͷ˲ſϾľٟRҾҪһĺ£츣ѧ
ݵ䣬µĴ꣬ǳ鴤ʣѧ׼򣿡
ٟRףš



120 



ĵһ 
ڼϢһ,ݷʱλѧ
ֻ̹ʷԴµĹβ̫˽⡣
˵˵˽,˾ŶƵС,ġ
Ĺβ̫ģһ鶼ܼסƽʱһЩ³,ƩʹãҪʱһʷϰߡ,żٺ»,ԵҲûˡ
û˾,ʦٺ»
ʹͷ
,㱻۶٣
һãֻһ¡ʷ̫Ƚϲ,Ѿˡ
ʹ˿ٺ»ûԵĺô˵ôǲõĵط
Ķûôʷ̫ȱ޳ǽ,͸Ū˼ʮ,ҳ޵Ĳ
ˣСƣĶŪ,̫˽ģ
ǡƣ¡ļġ
,ҹԹԾͳˣ
ס
,пһ,ɽ˲ų
,ûӵڹѧ飿
ôˣ
ѧտ,Ƕ,ɽ˵ƷӣͼҪӵڹѧͶǧȥ񡣡
ʲôϵ
ȷֹѧѧϰϡãͳУѧҲǹ֣оڶ֪ѧҪһ
ĥѧһݣ׷Ҳ޷ǾǹУһʦ޷ǺԺԺơѵ׷ѧϣ
֪ˡˣһԶֶڹѧؿ˸˵£鱶޹⡣Ȳ붡аʦ֮꣬ϲ˽
ӿѰʲôϵţѵԼԶٳվãӹβãҪɣ
п˿ƣ֪ˡڹѧԵԾٟRҪġ⻵ͷϣֵÿ֣ƫԼҲԶڹѧ
ϽһԼҺӳɼѣֱӱࡣ˭Ҷмܺӣ綡ӵж֣Ȼ߿ƾһ;޵ģͰѧ꣬ҲύЩѧپٻ߶ܲӵš
ԼӣĬĬϢռҪ
鰲ο࣬˭ҶС
꾡һعµĲ֮ڴ࣬鲢δᡣֲѧ
ġ
ѵõգ֣ҲڼϢ
֣ûţ֪ݸѧ¡ʹ֣뵽ķԸֻ˵͵ĶյˡǾͷİɣºεȴȱĳǻӹѧֻŹѧԽԽáǻʲô
ⲻǺӿĲôӲͷƤЦ
֣ҲЩѧϰõݺûӣ˵ǣغýкúѧ˼ҲûĺõġҪۼ˿һһⲻһӾԳˡ
ѧ϶ѧ˺ÿѧؼһϰ˵ˣٲúѧƤǵģ
չڼҵҲ֣࣬չֵܵûڹѧϼܴҲӵڹѧ顣
ռұǿЩĵطڣһм׵ȵӵܡչǼݵڼ׵ȵ֣¶ܳ¼ڰֻڼҵţǵĺô
ǼϲЦտҲүү̧٣ȻĶСӶѧĻᡣ
ڼǼ峤λߣ峤ҲָᲢãӵܵѧģȾ忼ԣÿǰټѧȴҪƼġ
ռһһ룬һɼڣһӵܡ
ڹѧҲ㻹ɵġ
٫hؼҪ游ѯʣ׼ѧô죿
٫hԳɼճҲû˵Եģֻ˵ӽйѧɲĲźá
۫һӣѵúһѧ͸ˣ
뿴ѧ֡
֪۫ںε˼Ȼ٫hϲʲôһ㣬ٟRҲн٫hٟR˵ģ游ϲʯƽ𡣡
۫ľССͣѵǰġS
˵ϲЩ٫h˵ԽعԽϲ
۫۾̰ƣ
٫hٟRϵãٟRӰ죬ټ游ʱѵ٫hҲССķ֮ģЩŵ˵ɴˡòֵǮ幫һ۾Ƴˡ
۫٫h˵תͷѰһϻӺ챦ʯ̱ʯЩӣøйǶͷΣ֣̫밲͸ٟRһֱĥ䵽ٟRѧҪһٟR
۫һͷ˵Rѧ£ѵССͱ֪Ϊǣ˵ҲΪǻʼĺӸˡѰҲẢǵ£Rʵڶ£
ٟRѧ۫Ϊ۫һؾ͸ͷˡ۫ȻʽֱʵϣֵǮ
ٟRҲ£˾Ǽ¼ڲᡣ
ϿΣٟRĿ硣
ٟR֪Ҫʦ˾ǰűݼ
ིΣȤǿľѧҲĸȤٟRһڿЦüΣ¿κٟR˵ʦãмҪ
ٟRͬ˾ǵ裬ѶֶԾҸʦ̸һ̸
ٟRýӱȻٹ˵ɣϹѧԡ㣬ĺܲ⵱ȻҲȫֹѧݵһɹУ鶼̲ȥˣɹѧҲǵ⡣룬˼棬¹棬ʦЩѧɲġ
ٟR˵ߵĲ£ڹϣʾⶡһ¡ٟR˵ʦǴӿƾģ˫ȫҲһ롣
ʣҪĸ˼棬ǹѧǿγá
СٟR˵ѧ֮ǸԱĶͣнܳӵܣѧ顣ʶһӦöãȴЩɡ
һ֪Щ꾹˳͢⡣ٟRżһһ̣Ь׺ҲһһΣٟR˵Ӳõģӡ̰治ѧͶϸƶȡʵѧϰϵģԵĳ֮ˣ
ٟR˾ȡԾ˾ǵݳʶ࣬ˣٟR˵ʦûȥ⣬˵
ˣȸǡ
ٟR붡һĲ󣬲ٟRٹؼҡ
Ҳһļ޷ķı֮ĶķǲͬǣٟRīīǶһСãϲī֮㡣
֪Ǵϲá
һīȻ˶࣬˽ףοԸԼﱲǹʺһĿԾ룬ҪⲻĹѧ£ΪҼȫʺﱲһ˰
ǣʮ󣬶಻òֿʼҵҵĵġ


121 



ĵһһ 
ٟR,ٹܹ̫ӵܵԾࡣ
ٟRĻ˵ռ,ӵܲ,ҳӵܣҾϵҰաЩ,Ծʶˡ
ࣺ
ٟRο,Ҳ̫,,Ǽ׵ȡ,˼һǿЩ
ԼԾɨء
ٟRĲ,ڸˣдԱԹѧ֮ͳһ֪֮,δԱҵӵ,ٟRóۡ͢ĿһЩԱȥдţԾ,Ϊ𾪣굱ƾ,ֵ֮֮ͬסΪӵܲ,ιѧ,ѧ,и߼,ϡҪдһʹ۶Ľֹڡ
һδԱջǵĸ͢д,ӵܲʮԻʵ۱£޲һӲĻ˶
Ȼ󣬾ͱʾѧһҪϴٲЩ˺£ոʶ
űǶڹѧһ¡
һԱģ˾е˾֪´ãԼұгӵܣҲҪЩھǰ۵ļһۡ
ǣóֶΣӣ³⣬Ҫѧܶӵܳɲţ
У͸ʵ۱¡̫ТԼº͹
˸ӣϾɵֻһλӡ
ٟR޷ھ밲˳Щ
βͬδԱУٟRԼλõġ
Ҳ£ڴٟRιԱϢ۶ԱѸݣʵڲ⣬ΪιѧҪ»һĹ
΢ѩ滨Ҷ죬ʱ̲µĹ£ЩٟRô
֪̲󣿡ٟRü̲飬շǰݹҲշǲͬѭ˽ɣ
̺ԩ˻ݷңѧǵ۶ң޹һʼ֪
˵Щ㹷飬治һˮ׼ٟR÷£ѧСӵ⿪˽ѧ˽ѧѧТʦ֮¶ң֪
³ҲɣѾԸͷӽʱ飬صõȷ֤ݲźá
ٟR̲ʣӲǷץ
ѧ岻ƷλԸȥġ·ģˮʯٟͬR̲ͣڸ˸̹˾н·˽ΰϽŰ󰸡ԣѧİӣ¸ˡ
ٟRвҲ̲Ѵ
֪æǾɡӣһǵĵӡ
̲δٟR⻰̫ϣͱٟR
ٟR½ž죬žûֵȻ⣬Сܰڹ֤ݵ֡
ٟRžȻĸѾѷѧСӼҵڼйµĵ̶һ
ȻҲ漰ЩĻŵ
ٟRĸĸˣ֣̫εʶ֤һ۱֪Ǽ١⼸ӵܸɡ
ȻˡٟRҪ²࣬ҿ̲¶ǣĥҪ
ٟR˵̲̫æת¡
֣̫תҲǹٳɻ䡣
ܹˣ˭̲ܡٟRȫЩٳأ黹Ҹĥ󣬲ӿ
֣̫ѴȫûܾǸȥй֤֤ݣּ⵽̲ȥ̲ӹܹѧһ˷
ˣٟR˵λŲ
㲻Ӵˣ࿴ûġ
ٟRĸ֣̫ˮһڡ


122 



ĵһ 
һִ˰,գ㽫֤ﷸϤ,ѧ̰,װס
Ͼžˣרҵеרҵ
,֣̫øٟRٟRп,ΪǲҲ,˵޿ײ롣ѧס޻ʳ,̰īװס
ѧĴǼõ,סһһݣôŪǮٟRҲǿѧĲ,ԭѧӷŵȣһװݻǽϹҵĶĴ,Ӳ,һӦԺľҾ㡣
סӣһͶӡ
εǽҲǴһȵӲľ,һһ
дδεȵģǳعƤֽǽ,ɼ֮ľơ,һʮ
ȵ,ס,ڰǽש,ɴһ,ҲǸɾˬġ
ȻЩҲǹѧֱգ˹ѧԼѰ˹װꡱ
ıֱףѧסʱһ㶼ǲȵӣѧȻסӣԼװ衣JG
ֻѰѵѧ
ʱѧɹȥҹѧͨѧӣصùѧָᡣ
Ƕһʮĵȼװȼ
ӣ˼ҹ⡣
йѧʳԭҲϸ涨ϵĴҪһ±Ϊڼ֮Ƕ԰̰֡
ҴҲļΪѧй̶ɹʳ֮أֱӼǮм۹һԴͷ̰ˣҲ¶μϾԹĹѧмѧʳÿնǴСȥͷ¥˾Ʋá
ѧĻʳӣԭҲòЩ
Щ̰˵ηֳɣ֦֦Ϊϸ¡
Ҳ꾡дڡ
ٟR㿴һӣµӿꡣйѧɽ裬Сīֽ⣬û첻ֵĵطѧõ̿Ūһȥˡ
ⲻһ̰һ̰ٟRп
֣̫ٟRҪδã
ٟR˵áֻҿѧӹѧЩ꣬޷ǾΪӡˣ׷̰īӣ̰ĿϷһҲǳѵпȥѧҪɵĵطֱˣʡûٲӡ
ٟRӸӱ˿ٟRĻ˵һ𳤳ʶ
ӱ˵ҪǼƽأ̰īˣȥƤʾڡ
٫hһҲ̫ѪЩѧ̰īҲίʵ֣٫h˵ûֲĵط룬ȷ׷֣ѧȻʳֽʽȥã϶ûùѧֽʡڹѧԷġ
֣Щ죬hhô֪
ΪѧҲҰܣ鶼Ǽ緹ֽҲǼﱸõģҲѧס˵ѧסĺܲãǽʯͿģһ档٫hЩ˵ѧֻмҾõѧӵܣŻѧԷҰܺ³ӣûͿǽ档
٫hܽһ䣬ѧѧã϶ѧӵܸ
ٟRЩ⣬ѧѧˣ
϶ġѧﶼǹԱĺӣҶڷأʹڳҲɢְ˾Ӷࡣ٫hŮұȽ˽⡣
չ˵ӦǴµģֻѧ࣬ȹѧ١J
٫h⣬𣿿Ұ˵ѧʳɲˣûƬ⡣׷ҲӲһζ֪ǰסʯͷһ
ٟRһ̣ãȥѧȻѧơ
ٟR˵ǶϢ©ȥһ뼸мʶĴͬС
ٟRչջӣһ£ࡢʦʷ̫࣬ԼٟR۵Ĵ䡣⻹۫˸¹һ
ѧٹٟRѴµӸֳҲǴ۽磬̾Ϊֹѧ̰īˡ
ٟRۼ˭ţ
صسͣԽˡ
ⲻг͢ȹš磬ȥѧƣһȥѧʲôԺѧطȣҲ
˵ԭ³ȥġ
ʲôʱȥѧغԺһе͹ٽ׹ԱƷ⣬ǿɲ޷ǾӡĿʲôʱпգȥٻʻҲһġ
ٟR绹ԥ˵һ䣬ࡢʦʷ̫жʦһȥ
㻹ˣ
ȻˡҲкڹѧ飬ϳʵĹڹѧӣҲˣ׿ʵز鿴Աء
Ӧˡ
ٟR˵ѧ£Ӧ֪۫һ
Ǿʹݾˣǵȥ㶲Ǳ߶û뵽ǻȥǸǰһǲܿѧģ
⻰ȻҾ͵ѧвĵط۫涪Ͼ
˾С±ȶҪ
ٟRȽϼ֣Ҳõˡ
գö˴Ÿ԰˳ѧĸЩյӵ۫Ҳ絽ˣΪ⣬ŸٟRıʯûͣСӺúŪⲻѧ£ٟRλ棬Ҫһ
Ƕˣ۫¸һ˵ԽСѽйԱҲˣһССѧŪڣɸӡ
۫ԶǺܿģоɽ顣ļ䣬Ϊ֡
λ͵ıƷ䡣
ö˶ʱĺϰߣԶԶݳζͬүǵˣȥӭӭ
Ӧ
ȴһҽ۫Ϊȣ֮ڵλһȥӭöˡ
һѣ٣ЩֻǼ򵥼䡣ٟRֱӣҪˣȽȥ
ȻβݴΪ򵼣һι۹ѧӶĽ𣬹ѧԺЩĹѧˣࡣ
ѧ竾ˣʹڿãҲʵ
нͷӶ˵ģֽģʦ棬ֻǶԿü̫ˡ
ʷ̫¾ͺһ롣
ѧŽשȵѧס޵ᣬɺӵɼӣεȵӿδ齽԰ɣҲĸɾʡ
йѧݣ鼫࣬ǿѸѧѧϰġ
ʦҲһӦöȽɺԺš
ιѧ̰ī鵽һֱ鵽̶ѧʿͷϡ
û˹գѧҲ̰ī
ѧʿΪ޹ء
ѧѧᣬѧҲ׼дλλˣٟR֪ǣ֪ǱȻġͲˣǻҪæ
ٟRֳһۣ˵Щѧ´Ҷ֪ˣ˱ʹѾԭίѧѧ硣˵ѧҲ뵽ѧѵпգȥѧơ
۫ɫһȵδŵҪȥѧѧҲûǰ׼ֻίλ¡
ٟRЦʲôʸˣ͢ѧѧһģÿ궼ǲһӣһֱȥͳɣѵҪѧǰɨͥԺĵӭǣ
ٟ̽RĻλ±Ȼˡƽ׽ˣ񼲿ࡣ
ʦ֪ҡٟRʦͽһһ̧ͣӻ۫һѪӿ
۫ɼԼ۵㣬ѧ֣ضΪ
۫棬ǾȥУѧٴ죬ʧ밢Rı⡣
۫⣬ɲ˵ԵģǰԱ֤°ȫ֮أ
֪۫һƬģٟRںͷİɣ˲úˡ
۫ʣô֪
ʼ֪ܽҪһйܣģٟRֱʵ۫ƿԡ
˵ǰ˵ǰԤãǿģٟRͷ΢΢̧𣬴۫˸¹٣ⲻ֪Ϊ˲ѧ׼Ļᣬҵÿʵѧɶġ
˸¹ٷӦ죬˵Ӣȥɡ
ٟRЦ˾ǵ˳ҲһǳȻˣ۫ҲֻѧĪ˿ǡ
Ȼѧճ
ʱйԱֵüѧҲһس


123 



ĵһ 
,ӯϺݻ񡢰˴Ųߵ𡭡ٟR˼ֻϺ,˵,Ϻ
ҪһС֭,嵭ߣһ롣ù緹,ٟR˵,տ۫Ʋ,һΪѧʲô⡣Ȼô,ôͣĪǹš
ֱ۫Ц,Ǽֵѧªίǡ
Ķ,ⷹʳ֪ٟR,ͬѧݣѧͱȹѧǿôֵ࣬ö˼
,ѧݳùݳѧȡ,Ҳѧһѧѧ顣
۫Ц,ҲˡԺѧ,ཻˡ
˶,ѧݳ,ԷٟR,۫ܣ裬ȥȡɢͨ磬á̫ʵ۵˲衣
ٟRɫݣٳʴظʣͷ費
Ҳ˵á
ȹ裬۫ҵѧݿһ۫˵ѧؿƾ٣̵ѧҲǳЩ
ٟR֣Ϊʲôѧƾ٣ƾ٣޾ӵƽʱʲô
۫˵æ񣬻ԼҲҵ
˶вҵô
пڷԣѰˡ
ͬλ½ͣҲǼġƩ緪طһأǸ㰲ǷΡоңλҲԼ޾Ҳ뷪˸æһ񡣡
ȶ۫Ǹмҵþ۫үӵܽԿɿƾ٣ûɷҿƾ١ǰҲҲμӿƾٵļ¼
ٟRʣĸ
ǳҵĺӣֻԡŵĻش
۫ΪЩ߳ƾٵ˱ȡ
Ϊβܣǿƾ٣Եһͬʡ
Ҳ˵ҽϺӵܸơҶ鲻ǮӵܹÑһʲ֧
۫鲻Ծһ䣬˵Ҳ㲻úӵܡ
۫үǶʮ꺮ʵѧĶͶ̥ʲôˡ⻰̱۫
Ȳ⻰ԸºֻͣüٟRԲ۾֣˵ʦ⻰Ƶһ㡣
Բѵλ¼ѧǶλͱˣ³ȥҲ˽˽ѧ
ʦ˵ǡ
ٟR۫۫棬ǳԵѧһô
۫ѧ涨ÿÿأСһ࣬أһٵġ
ʳٟRùŵˡ
۫ͣҲ̫ʵ۵˽ģ̫ʵ۵˵Ժһ˶оλмҼƼѵģѧ飬ҲʹʳȫˣҲıʹơ
ٟRͷѧֻӶ飬Ůأ
۫˵ŮӲض飬ʶ֣֪͵±ɡ
ٟRƳһۣĵʦǻǰ۫Ҳ̥Ͷĺã˵⻰ʶޡ
ٟRֳһߣѧʳãѧӵòͣͼſڹؿһӭ˳
ڰ֣ض񡣡
ɤӲôٟRʹ¡
һ㶣ٟR㻰ء
æ𣬡Сɤû¶
ʲôٟŖŽʳãѧӽѷ¿Ҫæ˵һضŰɡ㿴
ٟRƳǹһۣ۫ͻˡ
µɵۣ۫Ҳ⣬ʣ֪Ķ˹
ٟRѧͶĶӵܣۼҵݣһڵֹǻû˵ŪֻԲ
µ뺿һɤϴģѾǰ˶˳ȥ룬⵹ʲô£ֻҲϹԣĬٟRΪ
ٟR˵ҽų԰ɡѧ£ҺͻֵѧĴһҲί͹ơֻܼţˣƺȥ
۫ƽΪɣ£Զҳ¿գĶõȥǵȵش
ٟRԶҳѵӲţ۫İɣʱҶȥ
۫Ůӣȥȥ޷ǻӣȥֵط
ٟR¼۫һʣ磬ǻȥˣȥơ
һЦĶôི
µҲ࣬˽ԳΪĳʮ˹ڵأμӹλˡ
ٟRתһȦζԲţҲɡǰٟRָָ۫ûŵͿ֭ģ⼸˲ףɾʵ
۫̾Щϸ£ŮӸ
ٟRƳ۫Ȼ۫ĸӣעҪҵʷġ
۫ȫûٟRķ̣ЦѾˣ̫ƽʢü´£ǧҡ
⻰ζĽ
ѧʳʱһţʳãʳϡٟRȻͣסŲµʳȥ
˵ڿʲô
ٟR磬֣㿴ʲôľϴӣľ
۫ЦǺѧԭǰĽЩľԭľϣһһĺľġŮӼңƽʱΡҾġ
ҡͷĺľҾ㲻һ
ٟR˵ǲϹ
۫˾۶ѧҲ˾ܣ۫ǳȥϹûϣֻɫ빤ˡ
ٟRⲽȥָʳܾЩ֡Ҳ˵Ķ֡ü룬ҾľЩ󡣡
ʷ̫һƣˣⲻƺľľɫĶ⡣ָ׹һ£һõᣬϵȺľᣬƤġ˳ٟRͣľأϱƤðġټҾҲѱ棬ǿľӲʵľѰľ϶ӲľľˮȹȥľͣƬ̣Ƥ٣ʱŵ콺ȳˡ
۫ƹѧⲻܣ˭ܻѧӣ
ʷ̫Ҳں˵ⶼӲľġһ̧㽫̧
ٟR۫۫ŭһϵѧݳô£
ݳһҰףģ˵û£˭ŵġ
ҲŭˣʳõӶܻ
ٟRĪգͷһؼѧݣҲͷһؼǣձͣտΣǸ˵˵ίֻһ
ѧ֮£ԭ۫ܵĲֻϹ⣬ͷ͸ģ
ҲŻعһͷ˵ǡҵҪʲô˾Ļ˿ӵܣ


124 



ĵһ 
۶ѧӵܲ,ҲͰ˵ӡ
һҵȻŲٟRѧĴԺϯ,Լ,һ˵˵
ٟRλӰǰ棬ٟR۫ȥ߶Ϣ,վָӣ㡣ðڵôƽֱ,Щ,߶Ҳˡ
Žӱ˰ٟRѧͷߵ͸Ƿ꼶λ,˼,֣յҲһæƬ,㶼ŵ׵
ΧΣһ
໹ǵһϣٟRȻһ,˾ǡӱ,۫ϣ֮ࡣ顢ࡣ
СŽά򣬸ȫˡ
λһͬǰ¹,ѧһӦ뿪Ժӡ
ٟRɫĳ,Ȼ˵࿴ŵµѧ,ʮµ,Ҳ߰ѧġʱ,Ǹ,Ǻ,εٟRá
ңȴмӹġ
ңʱûģʳҲ಻֮ƽʱʲôίֻ˵
ұ˴˿࣬ٵͷѰ˼һأһʱû˿ڡ
£ֻ˵ңһ
½ͷӶ֮ڡ
ٟRϥȹڣ˵ͷһ£ҾţʳΣ˵ٟRʣ۫ɣ
پΪˣ£ǡ
࿴òٶƣͷʣŽʳΣ
پͦõġ
Եʲô
پֱڼòͣõģ˼Ѽըȡѿģһ⣬һǸ⣬ÿ˻һӣҡѧͻؼˡ
˭֪ͳʲôٟRʡ
һλѧٟRݣһָˣ˵
˵⽡ࡣ㡢⡢ˡӣһݻ
ٟRʣһǰʳΣ
û˿ԥһࡢ̲⼸ĭ̲ϱһˡ
һͷģ̱˸ͣǰɲڵĺӡǰӲʯͷʱԳӣҲʲô˳ʲô
һԳʯӡ
һػ
۫⣬ǣǲ˵˵Ҳûðֻ֪ѵǲܳԿࡣ
ǶǳСֲǵĳʳ
϶Ǹһߡ
Сѧߴߴ˵ٟR¶һ֪ˣǷģ̱Ρ˵ѧÿշ˶й涨ģ㣬ʳأһصǴ硣ء͢ÿ²ӣΪôһԱԺáǰǲ֪ڼ֪ҵĿӾͽˡ
Сѧһ󻶺
ٟRֳգգۣͷӹõĻʴңƽʱһûԵ£ıīɻã
īɬʻֽֽҲǺֵֽܴдݡ︻ģѧ﷢ĶҲ£ͻȻǷ˺ܺõıīֽ⣬ԭ᲻ã˵ˣ赽ѧãȻ¾Ͳˡиٵ˵
еҶ
һϼ¼ĽҲϡ
ʣҿеĴѧѣеԼѣѧ﷢Σ
ѧǺʵϣѻɣֻҲֻһʱϴˣڶղɣǾʹԵѡ
ŭӿȴǺܺĸߴңѧÿÿ׻ϴѡСëѣǴëѡǺѣ
иѧԼӣǰҸ˵ʱڶˣ£ֻѰ޲ﶬǼ£ȥĶ£һ¶ƣõĶǾޣûҴ
۫ŭڣЩӣô˵
ҶĬˡ
۫棬Ҳֲǣطһ֮ЩӴͣͬѧһĹѧмڹѧţⶩĺ÷ʳԼġѧʲôͬأ
̫ʵ۽ѧѧӦӵʳ֮£ǹǲҶоλѧЩ汾£ԺЧ͢
һǳͬЩСѧԴҵԵ£ֻ˵Ҷ˼һǽ
Ҽȳϻ֮ǰĲ֮¶˵ˣҲٶ˵һЩ״ηܣҲ̵ʾ
ܣǱƪӡ
һֱ˵սбӸ״תϣ˵ǰûλ£ǰģǿ϶Ǹ߸ϣԭԭرСŵǺŸ˵
㻹Сǰر졣ԵСѧҴϵס
˵ֺǺǵ˵ٟR״Ĳһ䣬ǿô
ҵûС
ҵҲûС
࿴һλʮ꣬ͽϴѧǸѧҵҲû
ٟR˵ʳõĲԭǺľǲ飬ľǱ˻˵ġľֵǮ˲ֵǮӡ
λ˵ݵѧӵܵҸ˵˵ǵ껻ġҸҲѧ飬Լ¿̹һڡ֣һ죬Ӳԣͷȥͷûˡ
㸸׻˵ʲôٟR׷ʡ
ӻ˵˲٣Ҹ׻ͬ˽۹ҲʹֻǺҲû˵ˡ
ٟRһ
ٟRߵʱٟRһֳ䣬΢֣ٟRＸ䡣ѧҪѧ¼
ٟR۫ѧˣ۫棬ȻѧܣԺҲֻʡҶ˵ʵҪѧĸ£ҾʡҪ˭ܵҲʣ
û뵽ͻȻźݻæϲڴˡ
ա۫Ҳᣬں޲ܰЩۼ˸ӰƤ
ٟR۫һۣǾͺãҿɲǻƵӣѧٳ©۫㵽ѧ£ã
ඡ඼ͷһٟRֺᵶвΪԾ룬治̫ʵ۵ȻңѪͳɰ


125 



ĵһ 
۫˻Ҫö˻ع,ٟRûʲôҿ˵۫ѧ,ѧºúòһ,ֺڹ۫Ŷ
۫ģҷǵÿŶλ½˹ŷܰġ
ⲻʦС,ʲôĵġ
Ҳº͵˵ѧɡոʻѧ֮,һ,ҲиӦԡõİΣ,治ص,ôЩˣίɣ
ʵ,һ˼ٟRһϲŭģѧίʵ,Ҳû۫ɫ಻һ,۫ͣҳʶ۫ɿ
۫Ҳ֮,¶ͣȿ,Ƿ,ǳ֮͢,֮
·ʱ,ٟRûס,˵,Ƕ
ţѧ£ԾáҪǣˡ
ѧЩҲܣҲò顣ѧܰڲ׵ѧҲڻ¡
̾򵥡
عٟRҲûѧţѧɵ¶ĸ˵ˣȥѧԭŻͦãأζɡû뵽ΪӦ׼һǰǲѧʱѧ͸ˣһͶ͹涨һıīֽҲΪϳˣЩԤ͢˹ȥ
滵ѽѹѧԭĲ͵˳ȥ˱˵ľֵ߲Ǯľ
ڱ߶ϲ伸䣬عǰǰѧ½۫渺飬ʱ༸Ҳڣʷ˷Լϱ
ŷʷְǿ϶顣֣̫󲻽˷ϣٟRôӲԾġ
ر󰡣кܶľȫһٟRλСȣȫû¡
˵Ҿûע⡣
̫ڲϣյұһ£ȥӵġٟR˵飬ǡ
мºܺ棬ʣãô֪ٵģ֮ǰ֪ѧĲǺľô
֪ٟRѧ˽ⲻࡣ
˵ʳʱҾͿӿƤ٣ѧӱˣûж롣
ྪȣҲˡ
ˣҳ佫֮ңƽʱͻ
һЦϸ΢
ٟRٟRͷ룬˼Ҳõľϣѧôأ
һЦ֪ٟRײƹþţ˼Ҷúľġ
ٟRЦʣЦʲô
ûʲô
϶ЦҡٟRʡ
治ǡֻøٟRԺյؽźľֻͨءʵǷǳصľϡµ˼ҶһмľҾ㡣Ժֵطܶ඼ľȥʱ϶࣬Σһɫľ
ľ֪ҲľٟRѧ֪ʶԭľôأ
Ȼˡ̴涼ϵȺľ
˵ŻһʱٟRȥֺĸ밲ٟRһȥˣٹ
ʱѾ׼ˮģ͵ö˹밲˵
֪ҪȥѲӹѧӽοˣźһͨʳʶ̣ȥɻ˳ĶõţЩʳɻɿڡ
༫ĵһһˣٟR򲹳һ˵ѧҲҪӵβĲһˣ
Ȼ
츮۫鼫ãţ۫Լɵ졣ʣѧ£ǹ˸ܣ۫үˣ
ͷ
ͬӵ۫ǼвŸɵģ˽ϸ۫Ҳҳûġ
ٟR̲סѧҲܣѧ©ٳ͢Ҳٲ۫һݶҸʲô
˵ƤŮֲ۫ѧݳҲֱӹѧĶĸ͹ûµųжȣҲԼŵ˲С
º͵ĸףûӦǣҲû˵ǡ
ٟRһ̬˵䡢£ĸΪΪ־ңȻܸɵáȻģȴǷʲôã
߰ӣ˵һ㶥һ䣬㶮ʲôССͣʲôٟRָǵ֭ˮԽ䣬붼ϵ֪жѣǿԼˣ峯
Լʶˣ̫úͿʱͺͿЩúʱͺЩֲ̰۫ӵ£ٲãԳ͢ĵġ
ٟRǳ뾭˵ģٟR˵ˮ಻CǵðԴͷסˮԵܿˡԺ£ֻдϲܴӿ
Ц˵ģһ㣬ĺܡ
ٟRɫѧΪԼڴ̰ɵĵطԺԱǵֻʣһƤѧȥ٣ʲôĹ٣գ
ٟRĸֳ͢ǰٹٵģۼҵģɽԺǰٹٵģۼҵģԣҪ֪ʲôˣ̰ٶܵĳͷԺŻ׷
ɫ


126 



ĵһ 
ѧ֮Ȼͷ,ɵŲ顣
ٟRҲ綢ºãǵҸ죬۫ſϾġ
ɵ۵,ƽʱҲ,۫ͣ©
ⲻ©,۫Ӿѧ飬ѧʲô,˲֪,ֲ֪ܲư,ѵ游ٟRֵܷ,˵⽭ɽֲҵ,ҵȻġ
ɵһ֣ĸ֣̫Ц⻰,ȴʵ
⵱ȻʵˡٟR,磬ѽӻԾ˵˼ǽ˵ʵ,Ǿ͵ñǣܵ˵ơ
,İ,Ҷġ
۳ٟR,֣̫ô,ٟR,,ǶһҪһ졣
֣̫ЦǾô׼
ɵ۵ʱԽܸЩ
ٟR֣˵ôⶼҪˡ
ͣСһƳʱ䡣
ٟR֪ˡ
֣̫˵ӱǼӶʰˣᣬվͰȥɡ
ӱ˵һסˣֲġ
֣Ҳ˵һסȡ
٫h䣬յѧʱѧãʳʲôҲƵܵ˵ΪǵܸܵԼ˵˻ѣ˹
û뵽ѧȴǱܵ˵Ļ
˵һӵ£ԭٟRС֣̫Ҳ뼸һϤϤסͬһԺٹȻȱӣٟRҲˣһһԺӣҲѧŹԼԺ
ҹ۫Ҳƽ
۫ȾѧʱҪѧۣ˿Цԭ۫Щûٿѧֵ֣Լͷϣȹѧ
ѧû͵
ȻٲҲǺľġ
۫Թ꣬пҶѧĲʹڴٽйˣǲʹŽѵ
ûѧ֪档۫һٟRٟR¶మէֱµķ͡
ȻٟRôէǹѧʹˣѧʹȻҪ֡
԰ҹǾޱҷȥһƻоһȼĸв鴦ѧǰүע鰸ʱ䣬ʹȹѧҲܹǴֵĵһʹйٲ±ţǱصΪ¾ġ
Ȼ۫˵ҽѧݳһӦ£ѧͣտΣҽʦѡʹ鰸ӣҲܵǵĹΡ
һҹɫɫ磬үȥѧݳˣ׽Ҳĸ֡
ôˣ˵ɡ۫Ļ
ʳ֮ٺȻ֮ǡЩүҲø´˵һ˵ѧ֮µ
һֱæɫû˼˲дֱ۫һϳ·˵ͷֻĿҪ顣
۫ȲʣѧӣĶȥ˭Ŀڴ
۫ЩΪѡ۫׷ʣôˣ
һ򴽣йء
۫ɫһͣѾûˡ
۫ûͿ˵ķݶϣԵ򵥸˵˵
ѧ£޷ǾǴƤεҪ׷ݵʮǰҲۡѧӣ˸Ⱦ¹ٵ֣¹ֱȥһͲ߲Ĺ£¹ٵֶīֽ⡢ļѣѧݹݳɸ̸֣ͬ˴εȵĸѧѧѧѧĿҵ̿ıҲѧݹݳ˴롣Ľϰ޷ǾǵЩСǮСЩޡѧ¡
۫ţʣǸǡ
ڿӭͬиլլ˶⼸һɡ
۫Σʱûסһ䣬ûĻӣ
۫ͣóѺͷĳӽе˵һϣͷӭһǴ͡
Ӳûҵ۳Ҫϣ£үϢŭӶҪϳүЩ档
۫ŭָӣһ仰ӭͬլѧأ
Դѧ·ӱһʣɫףָ۫һӣĶۼҵ㶪ˣ
˳ƾڳˣҲǱ¹ƣһʱͷɴ
⿴۫ӣֱ˵ӵø⡣
ۣô죿۫ҧгݣɸ֣ʳӣԼ˵ô죿Ҹ㣬һʵλó
һ֪¹ѧİӣǣԺѧʿ˵ѧһ᰸ѧʿ۶ˡ
ʱٹ˲ӭͬĸζץס°ڣ󣬡øң
Ҫô㣡۫޲һƳӣӭͬѱҪô㣡
Ӽͷ󺹣Ų·ҲǸƽʱǴˣӲδϡ
泵֪࣬۫²ϣһǣӣ˾͵̰ӣҲ㲻׵ʵһǮӶṵ̂
۫շǳƫܷһֻۣҧһ䣬µլΪֹ˶ȴҲȱס˶
һͷȸ³ظٰԵȥġ


127 



ĵһ 
ѧӸտʼ,Ǳ߶ѧ̰ī֮µĽ᰸ڵݳ̲̲ݼѧ֮ʼĩ
ɺʱʼ,̰ī,Լ永ԱĿ
СССѧ̰īװ׷ֱʵĩ,ЩԱѲ֤ȷ,̰ī׷,ӱ,永ԱҲ永Сش
ûһ˿档
ɵЩΪѵ,񻧲Ҳڶʮǰڹѧιݳֻٸλ,֮飬ɵּѯһ顣
,ɵĸ,֣̫Ƭ̣ʹԭǽRһR
RͻС,Щ档¹һ飬ο,ȥԶ,ǷҪ׷ݵʮǰ,ɵδÿɷ
治һǻ¡֣̫,һʰR˼
ɵҲûоܾ
ѧ,ù,֣̫󵥶ٟR£Ѵ¾ڵݸ˿ĺϸ˵λֻһΣ˵Ǵ䣬Ҳᣬȴϵ
ٟRҲ˵ͦáӶϵҲпϡ
永Աɷδã涼ɷҶǸٟR˵ģ˫
˿ڣ֣̫ٵö˽ˣǰ׷ʵ꣬ǣҲ̫ˡ
ٟRʣô̫󡯷
飬κܶιѧݳ
ٟRһ飬ԺܶҲ죬һ˼ףȻͷλѧǰˡ
֣̫бŷ齵СǣԱҪ粨
¡ٟR˵粨޷Ǿ˼аӲ鵽ܶͷϣΪ϶ɳˣҪ侮ʯ
Ե¶ɲƽϣҾ鵽ͷϣҲһǶصƾλ¹λسҲ˽ǡٟRĺ½Կˡѧݵ£а㺬Ҫ˭ǲɾֲñˣ
ٟRһҪġ
һֱû˵룬ʵմڵλˡܵλӣ볯͢йġ
磬㲻ֻ롣߹ٺ»ӣ͢ѵǣٟR˵
ɵۺЦһһᣬҪܸᲢþ͸ˡ
תͷĸף֣̫߲ûаԥٟR飬顢ܶƷƷױЩˡ
ٟR˵Ǿ͸һƷס
ɵ۶˵ٶнģΪ鰸óȻǨ⻰ȥʷ̨һ͵ը
Ҳ˼ٟRڲǴôдѧʿɢȴһΣ͸һּ⣬Ϊʹ鰸ˣݴƷѧʿְ֮Ӳ壬ٰѴְȥˡ
ռ͢һ̲ͬ顣
ٟR˼Ƭ̣ҡͷá磬룬ΣҲְƷ̲Ʒ¸ݴƷѧʿڷǰҲðһͷ
ⲻǺô಻ѧʲô⣬ң̲һ飬ҲͲظݴһƷѧʿְλˡ
ǣȨ͵˷ٟRԼĿһһ룬Ϊ㲻ܰѺͷ½̲һ¶ףҲ׳
ڴԱİӣ̲¼ܶɴһ󣬱Ͳʡ
ػ˶ġءΪеĹԱ͸ǵġءŸ޿ٟ֡R۾ԲԲ촽˵ҾҪһȫϡء£˶²ǵš
ΪѧİٟRԣ͢ӵһϵּ⡣ڴְλһѧʿһƷΣȻɴ³ѧּ⡣
ּһ£񲿾ˣʵȱʵְٻ򲡻鲿ְѧʿΣǸԱ棬û˵ѧʿСֵġG
Ȼµľ̲ˣһΪԼڵ֮ԹѧİӺҪǰ׷ݣ顢ܶȻҪת̲ġ
Ѿ׼ˡ
볯ȴȸһѧʿΣžͽȫ
µı䣬ҲΪڶ֮棬Ͼġ
Ҳû뵽ôͻȻ͵䣬һӡѧʿεһƷžҪȥܶ
䡱֮λҲǵС
ּʹµ˽⵱ιѧݳ֮¡ΪԶҲǲ塣
ܹپһ飬ǵСǫѷ˵ǲ壬ѧмλУ鼸λʿԼѧбȽϳڵĹѧӵܣ鶼˵һ
ѧʳף鶼ǵüζڵĲˣǵιݳʱǸϳӣطζĲ˶Щͷá
˶ۼɰͷãţҵţһڸСϸ룬ѧĹֶ
˿˼飬鱾Գǿ٣ݴһҹʷڶձĿĬУԭĲҲʮദ
֣ǰֽʿΪλᵽѧְ
ķɡҲܵʱʢùٳǰ
˽Ķһ飬̬ȷǳϿң佫˽⵽һֽϣֻףûһ˿©Ѱ
ΪѧݳʱѧͬͬסĻҼΪݳѧȻҲ͵ĿµҲҪ˷ᷢȥ
˵һʱףʳסޣҶйĿܹȥġ
ʣѧĽҵԾԷ˷
ɸӰɡʱѧյѧࡣѧģԳԸ߹Թ֮ңһһм˭ѧǼ˼ЩѧпɣҲЩѰġ
ֿҵˮ©ϣ䶼֮ڡ


128 



ĵһ 
ʮǰ,ʵްţǻȨ,̫֮,ţһ
ʱ,仹ڹӼ顣
ˡ
ű죬ƿ,ùߵֶ,Ավ񲿵˾,˾һٷ,Ǹ͹ٷġ
Ͼ¡ѧʿ,ҲһƷ۷һƷ档
ģֶ,,˾ȥԲ衣
佫ı¼ȥ飬Ժϣñ,˫ĿأƬ,ȡ,ʮѧĹѧְѧ,Щѧĵӳ
ѧĿȻʲô,Ҳ,İķ,ʶ
Ըˣİ취ǡñ
Щҵ˶ŶЩɫ룬ʵ˵Ǯʵϵ󣬱ϼѧޡ
˵ɾ䷴϶һ⡣
ĸһŲ顣
Ŀ֮ϣһãͳ˳鸮ȥˡ
ѹʱ⣬ûظڻ£Ů˵䵽ˡ
µǾޱ԰ͤһ͹ȥ䣬¡
ʱ˶మ÷գƫǾޱĵŨ޻ܣ޸Ǿޱ԰񻨿ãҷ
ͤҲֲٵǾޱ˳ѶϣϦ»ɫޣзڻæµ衣
Ůѹˡ
Ѱ飬һڣ԰ʢпӡ
Ӽ಩ʿ̹书Ρ˽¹ϵѣ㳣֮
ôӲãһ°׳ЦЩҵѣһȣģͤڣȤ䣬ڿǳеһˡ
ӭһҾסְֲ񡣡
֪ŴЩȽڣҲûټ֣ˣԼ£ڻϿˡ
ǵȻô졣Цһ䣬ٴȤ䣬Ǻ£ա
⿪ٵͷһġѧʿʹﱯߣ¡̫󣬶Ʋϼڵġ
Ҽѧһͷвҡһ٣䲢飬ѧ򵥣λ˶ǹٳǰʹⰸӲҽҲ䲻úá
ⰸʲôʡ
ԭҲİӣ½ҵȻҪӡ£㲻¡ڶ֮ꡰ䡱ְȻ֮ҹҲΨɢһɢ
˵Ѳ¶ȼ֡
ѧݳʱڹӼ˾ҵӼ˵ҲǹѧңӼ񲿹ܣѧ麲֣ͬɣʹѧԴΪͬҲһЩӼĴšغֵұġ
һϮɷ£ȣʱҲڹӼ࣬ѵûһЩĴţ
ʱѧﴫԺܶ࣬ʱ˹򣬴Ҿͻ˽˵ǳ¿˿ˡԵģ޷ǾһЩ¶ȣҲѧʿ̡ڻ¸¡
ԼǻҼһ¸ôϵף信һ죬ѧ֪
ͦõġ°ͣʮֻ걻¸£ϧ䲻¸ܶꡣ
Ϊӽͷöһģ֪˼Զ֪δȥˡ̲סһֱۣ
ѽ𼱣ġ̬ƽʱҲǹڷЩ
ǹӼˣ㣬û˸񣿡
ȻСѵ˭գֻǵ񡣡˲ȡ
˵ġʣͷЩС٣ҿͦ棬ÿڹӼòͣžİͽ̾ȥָӳӸС
ӰѲãС̶ڵĶȥ
Щ£ΪӼǰͷһġ
ûвǺţʮֱ˵ǡعѧ˿ѧʳСأЩûݳ͡
ŻץŰѱһӣͷһؼŹѧݳȥ̰ӵġ
䲻ΪȻϲ裬һûŴ¿ɲϡ档ѧҲһ˵ȹѧǿĶȥ
˵꣬ĥζæԣṵ̂ѧӣ
ٵˣӵģˣ¡ӵĹԱҲע߲áҪ˽һˣֻĹ˾
˵Ҳ˵飬ʱҰ˵ҳ鸮ڵ۶լӲҵƽʱڻҲ
Լǰͷµëƽ忡˹ĵˣ˼̲ס̧ƨɰЩһƨ£ѧݳǰںʮ꣬һֱ飬ιѧݳ󣬱ıѧ֮񲿣¡ɣֱԺλ顣
Ȼ֮˺ֱͨơ
Щɬ˵һ˳˲ιѧݳݳһǨģ߳ɹԱƽβݹݳ̵±˲ݡ
㲻ֻǰ˶ʮ꣬൱βݹݳǰʮꡣ
˳˷ǰͷԱԵö̵ү
ҿҲɵסҸڣôͷȥݷһϲˡ
ǲСֲҪͽү֪ǣµԲ鰸Ϊȡ
ⰸʵѵĺܣ̸Щιѧݳ̸һ̸״ˡеȷ֤ݣȻǾ̹ġ
ϴ
ܶѧģûвġͷԹѧṩʳģɲѵÿ춼ȫԱ׼ʳ
ǹ˹ҲʹЩ¡ǽģڹѧ÷ѧܳԵĲ˵ϣֹҵС㲻ȥһԹõķõķζһ
Ȼһر𡣡
鴽һ䣬ҲЩù٣ôסʹɽ亣ζʼȣҲǺúɵɵɫζȫЩСӣѧԣÿյ׼ٷʳ
ĿɿڴѵѳԣΪ˰ߣȥͷ
һЦ˫䣬һ֣첻һȳԱȺȣûɵӣӼʡǮ
䰸ӻûͷѪ
ʹ¸꣬Ϊ߹٣ٻ䵱ǸԼ䶼ػഺɵӵԼͣ
ôôɵ


129 



ĵһ 
İ취,ܶǸְڼңֻλƽƽֻҪιѧݳ,ķ,ĿһӦʿ,Ϥһ鵱ꡣ
ݵңԶЩĿƵ,Ķû˵ǲһ»˵ǲһµء
Ϊ˳ϰ֡
,ʹ̫½,ʮ,ҪΡ
ٟR˽ⲻ࣬ѧҲʶٟRƢ,ĶŵĴ£СȴȴҪ֡
Īһ,,⡮ѧʿ⣬Īǹµ˼㳯и߹٣дûСѧʿĹ֡ӵʥּǰ,δԴݼ˰
˻αвˮҾͲˡ,ʹһֱǹڹ,޹,أ
з,ЦЦһ,ǿ
ס,֤ݣҴƲ⣬ҲֻεĲ㡣ѧܵһЩôԼǹѧԼ׳ɡһɣһɰ룬ɣͷɡɣģʮȥȻһ飬¶ȲҪ˵˭Ҳûһġ
ѧʿһҲֻܲĽ
˲ӣ䣬ԶܰҲԶСˡ
⻰䲻⣬ĶˣС˭
İӣƶϵİȫһġ̲ùٶѵȴѷɫⰸΪʲôתʡ
˵ǹ̲Ľȡ
Ϣͦ׼ȷ̲ǿģط𣿰ףҪףҪǣ޾ϸ㶼ΪװסΪµĲֻǹ̫󣬻б¡
ʹȷѰ죬׿ȴǱһ亹ϮϵĹٳ£⡣
ȻһѣҲ֪أ鰸δء
ЦЦƵ˵˾䣬̫˵̫Ļ
һ˰׷ֺһģģģԵĻ̣ڹԹ٣ڲʹԲʹҲˡ
Ϊ䣬ΣĻ£ҲǺȵסڣһλʦ䶨һ鸮ǣؼҺĥ¡
סÿձȥٹʹչʹƽʱûգղҲҪȥġ
˵£ҲЩ䣬䵱Ȼ֪Уѧɹģ֪ѧ֮ͻȻΪǰιѧݳǸ۵ϹӣȻڹѧ¼ȡУʮϹĽµĵܵ䡣
ƹǾŶ棬Ϊʶѧ׷˸ס
λ㿡ŵĹԱڲ಻ܰѿİӽĸΪҪ鼸ʮǰµĽչ죬빫鰸˼·ЩĹѧְѧ֣ӳ˲βҵ֮ˣÿ˵ĿڹҪԱȣвͬĵطµ顣
ȻѧһЩèҲĵ¶˳
ѧ̫ʵ۵ǻģѧģһ˼ҵӵܣڹѧν̵ģԵ塣
ѧһӦϤӻš
ʼȻû˸֡
ģڹѧΣ˲ĹԱ֣һ˼ҵӵܣλǰ·ҶʢһЩӵܲмڹѧʳÿշʣࡣ
Щ˷ˡ
Ǽٲ򣬵ûɵЩӣѧòһȣĲˡ
̫ʵۻ¿ͼν͢ʡӵĲݹݳЩڹѧļ¼С
ָԭеĶȡԭҲעĺ͵ļǮǡʱ䣬ָԭĶȡ
Ժֻ޼
ʼг֣˵ģ˲
ǣе˼ҵӵҲڹѧòˡ
мҾѰģݳѰҲڹѧ÷
ܹѧӵգɼЩӵܼҾжôѰѧһЩƽ£ҲΪ
ϾĹѧԣϹѧȻס
ѧĹ¡ԱʿУ飬Ǵѡ
ɱһǧ˰١
𣬼ҾѰĹѧġ
ˣ˵ôߡ
ǣ˸¡
伫ѧ˹ѧݳķ
ѧԲˣ
һһ꣬һһˡ
ѧԹѧҵ;ΡԼֽѧ;һȣ֪ѧ»εȳ̶ȡ
˾վһϣٟRս£һչıʼǣһ˵Щѧ䡣
ǿϧٟRпԭѧù
ʱٟRǰľнҲɢЩ˵Ƿӣ¸ǵķӣשߣƽֱƯʡ¾ˣש߾ˣҪעάӲһĽʵá
ٟR˫ϣָЩݣؽ
û뵽ٟR˵ĻָС־ίʵҹŮ˼ꡣôһСͼдһ˿Ц⣬ϾֻǷƾˣƤǵġؽؽ
⻰ԵֱӣҲͷˣ˳ٟRĻ룬ǺٟͬRĻ½Ȼá
ٟRʣѧʿеĹѧʲôģ
ûѧӼࡣԳԣѧΣҪһλ̵ܽԼʦ
Ҫ˵һٟRǾˣ֪ܶܿ࣬Լһ֪ʶԨĺʦ˵Եͷûʲô飿
ӸλڿƾٳҲšʦͽҪÿչɣÿпУ겻ʦҪгͷʦҪϵһԺ
ٟR룬ȷǸʵɵˡ
ϸ£˵Ҳʵϡʷʦڵ£տڹأҪ
ٟR̸࣬ѧһСţСҲȸСȫ޾ϸĽ⣬ٟR˽⵽ϸ
һʱ֣̫Ǳ߶ֹѰٟR˵ٟRˣٟRȥƣٟR۾һˡ
뿪ٹûñʷ̫ʷ̫ƾʱʦʷ̫һķŸͬ½̸ѧİӣ˳˵һ䣬´¸ѧĲʹҲʱѯѧһ£пգȥ밲¼ѧϰ
½֪ΨһһŮǻŮԺûԵԭ򣬱ڵµǻܲɵѵù㣬ʷ̫΢΢һҾЩнģ˵ҲʦΪ½ڹΣ⳼ûб¿ͣûд٣ĸóȻ
ʷ̫ЦкηпգҴȥ¡
ܣʦҲ֪ĲʹչȥˣҲûʲôܻġ
ʷ̫ȫٟRĿ̰壬һףǲ˽°ݼӡʷ̫Ϊ˴ţҲСģ׼µȷͻ
ʹܰæģֻ˵
ʷ̫ݼһ£мʧ̹ʦģҸܿ𣿡
ʷ̫ҲһЦл佥Զȥ
ٟRٹԼȹһ۾ͱԹôǷɴ
ɴÿô֣̫ҲֻЦ
ÿǺÿҲ괩
ǾͿԵȹӡ
ٟRǻֳͣ˾׼ʮ׻һ״߷˵ȹλѵһӡ
̫Щˣеשʯ·ϣʷ̫ܹĹĲʹ
ʦѧԭǹµĲʹ
ǰѧ¹³̡ʷ̫˵ȻԵġ
ǰ۵ĹƤ˵һ䣬ʦʱ鹫ңѧ
ǲһʷ̫
Լʦʷ̫˵ԼĵǣѧҲڲ飬˵Щĵطѧѧ˵׶ǳ͢ĹѧҪ³̣һĵĺá
Ҳ뵽£ӵѧʹǰȹȸѧ¹أضĺãȻǹĹ͡Ǻͷ¸ѧȹãҲǱǿˡ
Ȼ᲻
뵽Ǿ䡰Ƥۼңظһ·ǡĿ볬²ס


130 



ĵһ 
ʦʷ̫˼,Ȼס
֪֪
ʷ̫ĳسһȸ߹,Ա,ֻѧ빫׽˹ѧ,䲻κйصۡ
οԱҪƶ¹,,ѧ³,Ǳּ̫⡣ʹѧĲʹ,Ҳɹ³̵ġѧҲͬ
Ҳʷ̫ΨһŰοĵطˣǰ
ⷬ,ȴֱԡʹһƬΪӣȽĵ˵֪Ҳŭġ
ö˸鼫,,Сö˶벻˴
ʷ̫ҲֻǺһᣬ京һ
˾ְΪµ׼ٟRŽӱ˽ѧ¹ƶȵĳһ,˾ûɶˣٟRԺﱸò,ֳİСǹ,ֳ˿,
ٟRùﶮīĹ˳˺ü,һһ,һ𿴡
ĸ˵,ų壬㲻Ҫǰ³̣⻹üô
ü嶨ˣ޷һϸڡٟR磬쿴쿴
ͷԺüȱǣѧҪǮѧһֱѵģǵѧѻʳסȫ⣬ÿλڹѧѧÿ»жӵĲ
ⲻһѧϰõģǮӻǵѧϰһģҲǮȡѧϰܲĲǮٟR˵ԺѧϰĵطصѧϰȻǿѧϰҪˡ
յеࡣÿѧѡʳѡס޷ѣ͵߰
ٟRͷǰӶԲϡ
ǿõˣѧ顣
ǰѧΪڲ裬ͳƲݡѧҲһСģܵõʮߡʮıʹٽҵʹ󵽹ѧ飬Ҳ¶
ٟR涨˿ѧʱ䣬ԣʮ겻׼ѧ
⣬ѧѧһڹѧסޣһεգ׼ޡޱйݳʿߵ׼ƾ֤Ȼһɰҹޡ˽Կѧá
ʳѧڹѧ÷һɽֹ
Уѧͳһۣ׼ٴԼҵۡ
ǹѧһһεĿԣһһεĴ󿼣һһεտԡЩԣý̲סпȿšˡʿĿԻġ
ӱ磬ʱʱԣ֪ѧϰĺû
о͹ѧγ˸ϸµĻ֣ΪĿΣ˱ҪѧĹʷ֡䡢顢⣬ĿθƫػҾ䣬崸̵黭һٵѡ޿γ̡
ÿſγ̶רҵʦοΣÿ¡꣬ӦĿԡ
༸ͷؿЩ³̣⿼ԾͿԴΡ
ٟR⿴Ϊѧ趨Ŀγ̣һ߰ôҪͷӵܣ˵߰٣ǧ
֮⣬߰ѧŻݡ
⣬ÿÿ꼶·ְࡣ
бǶԹѧʦĸֽҪ֪۶ǺܹģѧݹݳƷΡĲʿУ飬ְ͸ˡ
һһլӱȽѣٟRÿÿ²סʮ
ǵԸסѧģṩסޡ
УѧʦҲҪѧһͬʳõķˣ׼ݳʦǳС
ʦУֵƶȣÿÿ춼Ҫʦֵڣޣѧ˯й涨ʱȻֵҲֵڵĲ
֣տһ۹ѧڲշѣ֪ѧʦǵĲĶˡ
༸ûɶᣬǾţ̫ˡΪµĸϿĹ֮⣬Ķѧѧºĳͷ
ȫأ巣ѧн𷣡Ҳǿ
涨֮ϸ£ǳʲôƶȡ
ָ涨һϵй涨̫ˡãģ
ʦġ
ףȻǶʦ궡ʦειѧݳ
ٟRҲ˵ʦݳʱ򣬴ҶΪѧͷǻѧ֮ʢӼ඼в
ٟR翴˵ҿͦãҪܰЩγ̤̤ʵʵѧ꣬Ҳѧʡ
֣Ҳ˵ͱȹӼ໹ˡ
ûʲô⣬ٟRøĸ׿֮⣬һݸĸ֣ʺ
ٟRСͿĸûŮӲܸʶҲڹܹѧ¡ԣȻ;ţӦøĸ֪ýеĸһ
֣ʺЩ⣬Ҳˡ
Ϊˣ֪һ˵ٟRôҲٟRЩû̫˼ҲһݸĸٟR˵һֱ֬ˮۣȹεģҲûĹѧ
ɿ㿴ĸʶˣҽ飬ûͰ䲼ȥˡ
֪֪ǰҲû˸ҿҲѰѹءٟRɵҲġ
֪ٟR˵ѵ֪Լ˭
ҲĸڰָĸٟRٰ֣ʺӴܶ࣬ĸһֱֶ񷨣Ȼڵĸǰʧ
ѧʿǰյٟRµĹѧ³̳壬ĬĬʰΪŮӸǼףҲݳˮ׼
ѧմ˽У̵ܽһڵĹٻӵܡ
룬ѧʿԼʼСڵ۶һѧöһ¹ѧ³̵Ρ
ٟRݹѧڵ۶ٳȽϴۣΪӼĹҲûо͹ѧշһ£ҲԱǲ޳ɵġ
ʷ̫Ҳһ޳һ벻޳ɡ
ٟRЩǣ龹Ȼ޳ɣϵһݹڹѧշѺ󣬼ѧӡ
ٟRĸ֣̫ӣʱӺϡ
ٟRĻ˵ǮҪRöȥ򣬿ɲרĹģѧݳֱǹݳĳ裡
˽½˸Ѫͷ
ٟRϵڿٟRĹѧ³̺󣬾è˵ȫ˾ųɾţҲϽĹӼһӼ³̵ӵȥ
ٟRЦеͬ˵Ҫ˵棬ܼʦ
ͬЦУһ֣ټǫѷʦͽеº踣
ٟRֱ֣һʦ³̣ͦˣõĶҪ
ٟR˵ȹǹѧ죬ùѧӼ࿼ͬһ׾ӣ໥һȣ˭ѧĸá
ͬһǸá
黹ٟRѧ³̺ĹӼ³̡
ٟRǰιѧѧԴڴģΪҪѧĹѧ¿ԣؿɼΪ¼ȡ׼
⣬꼶ѧǰιпԳɼΪ׼СշĻ֣Լ¿γ̵Ľ̵ѧϰйѧסУ׼
ѥԱۡ޾ߡīԹѧɷΪ׼׼˽˽á
УѧԸѧͨ
ٟRһȭķˡԱǼֱǳɽûʸ˾йӦֽлңΪһõ滨㣬лҶԹТ
⣬ܹĨŰͽˡ
Щͽ᲻ˣ˶̾ϢҲûԵķˡ


131 



ĵһһ 
ٟRķ,һԭ͸ٹǹϵھˣһŹѧͽٟRַ,һǾŹ¸ѧƶ¹пȡ֮,Ҫôѧ϶ܳɲšһǺӲ,¸ùϵ
ٟRǺĿģֻҪ,յȫա
ݴ,ι¹յ񵥾һߺ
ѧιݳѧʿƼ,ǳһλʷʷ,תβݹݳʷϱԸ
ٟRϲѧʿڿʷĹٳ,ִʷϳɾƽΪ˺󣬽λ̽ʷ
⣬ѧԵ֪ӡ
гֵ,г񲿵,нְĽ죬ԼҰ׵ĲӣٟR˶һݺ,öÿȥѧĴοΣ,ö⸶һٺ»
ŴӦˡ
ѧĿγ̱ϵοʦֶ,ڵĹѧõƽϢλٳǰǹϵĲѧ,λѧʶ,ǵһ,۵,͵ö˼һ
С컵ٹ۫ιѧĽ֮һҲЯݷö࣬öÿҲѧοΣö࣬ξС
ȴˡ
ٟR˹Сǡѧʿ֮ŮӹҲٟR֮ڣӹĸףɲȥ
ӷ˵Ȼˣܵٹղţ׼һҲꡣ
ӹС˵ԭһĹۼҵ˵̬Ȳõ˹¡
ⲻɡǳе¡ӷŮͷ빫֣ǵ֣Եɡ
ӹͷЩ¶ЩЦ⣬ȥ׼
ȥɡ
ŮŮԶӷһ̾뵽ɷִ֣ɾӷ˵ٹǻʵ۱µǻʵ۱µ׹ŮѰ˼ңҲ費ףˣɺθҹ֮¡
̤̤ʵʵԼĲʹͺá
ȸ⣬һλڵȴǵĳУȸǵ۶ţҲֻйٻ˼ҡټʹֻ͢ʹĳš
ԣŵӲʡΪһϮ°׾װΪۣһȽüĿԳĿ˶²⣬ļҵ佫ӵܡ
УΪһǡ
ȸֳæµӽǺû߶ٱȵſȥ˾ӡţҲҪԾβݹݳ֮׼
ǰεĽϵʷǼεĲݹݳһƷһƷƷԱ
ԭһ˾¾ͺãû뵽ɴټJS
¶⣬·ʷο֪ܲѧȴǰոչѧ̰٣Ҳ˲ǡ
⵹ǡйأƷǱյ㡣ƷڸѡɡƷ±ˡ
ѧιٳ˹ݳƷ֮£ѰȻҪܵһЩǨŭ
ҴûιԺɽ
λʷɴ˵ţԵ˵Ĳʹǹյ㡣ѧǰĲ棬Ǵ˲С֪˾һ˵Ȼһ
ˣյ㣿
ʷЦҲڵ۶֪ѧǰİӣҲǹ֪ġڲ飬ֻǲܵѧ飬ʶȰ䲼³̡ѧĹݳʿУ顢£ˡ
λߣѲʷʿҵĵһݲʹ񲻹ʮ꣬˵һῡšٻңԵ˽⣬㣬ҼǵùСѧ²󣬵ôһܡ
ʷãҲηݳϹڹмţһλŵĵܵܿѧˡֱӰѹѧ׳졣
͸ϡˣż꣬;ڹţ
ʷܣשмשǰЩ¹꣬ˮƹˮӣʷ̲סпһ䣬̵שأɾ˵µˮܵµģ㲻ˮ
ղ̰޲ݣӶջҲսɻ
˵ǹ½ԣ˵Ƿ˫ԭǲݵģõϣ빤ԺӡʷЩĽ
ǰתΪƽλµȷڲͬСС﹫
г֪򳬹Լ֪㵱Ųڡ
ɴ˵ӲԶҲδôʷȥͨʱȥ˵
鰸飬֮󣬿İ䣬Цض
䣬
ȥڵĽϣˣסɵβʹǰͬԭ붣㼸䡣һϢÆˡϱԭݹݳѧ̰׼̣ÿƾ١
ΪʷԭҲĺ̰٣һ˽⡣Ѱֻ̰߹˾̣οÿƾٵط
һݣ˸ֱ²ʹȷͬһ㣡


132 



ĵһ 
,ԼбҲѧʣֻҪ˵̫϶Ľǰ̡
ɶ԰Ҳж
,,ȻȥϢص۶Ҫȥġ,±Ȼټ
̲ס˵һ䣬¹λְ,Ʒ⼸Ŀ,ϰƷûġƽص۶,,۶λһΪΰƷҲ൱ˡ
Ʒڵ۶Сһö,ƽʱݼõȴ󳯻ŰԶԶһա
ɵԹѧʮӡѧ³һۡȥ·ûһݡ
˵ܵȡһ,ݸ,滹йѧ¿ҵһԾкô
лɴ,ۡɵ,ؼҿɡ
ָۡ,ǡл,¹ȸˡ
Ժڵ۶,ٲüʱ򡣡ɵ,ݲʹյ,úøɣǺ
룬Ͼٲȥѧʿϰݷһء
λͣؼҺϴɾĸѾŮںڵ뼸Сˡ
ԤģζΡ
ۡչĹѧССţȻռһ档иӣ߳Է߿̫̫ۡĶͲ㹦ȳԷɡ
ûʳ޲ĹأһԣֻҪ񣬶ôô
Ϊѧ֮ְѧ¹¡
ͨƪûһϻ¹ϽǳҵµĽ̹濴óָ㡣ο˼򵥽ܡ
ͷһλȻǹѧ¹ݳʮ갸ףʮԪʮ̽ʿʿһ꣬תνϵѲʷǨݹݳ
űǲʿУĽܣÿԼοĿڵĽ
ҲƸʿп˶֡
ѹѧ¹һ飬ΪɶԼһƪĶˡʹɲãºԺֲúãԼǰˡ
ȣ˴Сˣ뼸ڽȾ˵ĸףұԵҰฮһˡ
СЪš̫̫ȥš
ٹ
ٟRڸԺʦ񣬰ѹԱƷϴԱͼӰҵȥ⻹йѧιĻҲҪȥ
ȻЩȻÿȥݳ
ЩŪĹ˹ɣ佫һģģʲôͻʲôȤٟR
ʦٟ꣬Rʱ涨һ¾ҪƷŪĻʦֽŵġĥŹɵĲʹŵöҼԺͬ
ٟRϲ֪ص۶ϢԸٹ̫࣬һȥҵĻð״м仰붣
ʱӸݷѧʿ
ѧʿӺþҪΣְܹͣҲǰиѧʿҲû˵Եģֻ˵ѧ£ѧҪһĹصģǰҲҵͣصһλؽǿֶειݳһĹѧƣѧ
˼ȥ뵽㡣ϣҶԣѧڽΣĪ
˹ˡȻλΣ¹ٸҲȫ
ûġ¾ǹѧؿ¼ȡԣûϵȻҪһùѧԼġе
ǡ
˵һ˵ѧ֮£ѧʿѰضԹٟRʾ֮Թ̫ʮӰҲϲŮӸݹݳƷѧЩӵܶгԹģһˣ塣£ѧǹĲʹܽʱҲؿףλԱҲҽͷϡˣԹĳ谮Ҳܻס
ѧʿĻ벻ѧʿʧڹűŵġ
Ȼѧʿһ׽¡
ֻǣŮƣѧʿΪãҲЩмˡ
ѧʿ㲮Ҳһֱǹ㣬пչȥǱϾǳ
京ӦһȻؼһ¹ѧ¹棬ŹֳģȥѧΣҲ˽һ¹ѧڵ
Ҳáѧʿ֪⻰Ҳ㲻˵ˣšˣ뿪
û̻⣬ȥ˾˼ҡ״󽫾ϡJG
ԭհףĸա
游磬Ѱ˸¿ƽʿס䷸壬ĸĸ׼˳ۣ˵ԭиõģĸֵļ棬׼ȻùŮһ̣˺ùŮ롣
˵ʵϻʱͷҲǰ׼ҵŵڣŮܻȥ̵ܽӳɲšʱѾ£ںˣڰ׼ӵ²ϰݣֵѧȥһŭ֮£ɴհףԴ븸
ʱķԷﲻ٣ŰƾٸУʷ̫һ£˭Ҫٸ˽ֹ£塣
˵ˡ
׵ʷ̫ҵСõܣ̫˵ġ󲮡ˣʷ̫Ļͷ£ʷ̫Ŀ̰嶼ǻ͡ԼҶĶӾôˣ
䵽󽫾ʱ״󽫾ùţùˡ˵ڼù
״󽫾ʣǴĶ
ȥӸ
״󽫾֪ˣͷǵллѧʿѵʹĹٵ£һ佫˵ϻԴǰ÷׼ǳװĹپʷҵˡ
ʷҲеȹٻ֮ңʷ̫ʷѾһĹټ塣жпƾٽӵܡ
ʷɣ׼Ӷϲס
׾˾˰״󽫾ûнҽһԴڹִţʹ˻̿ϡ
صѰĲʹԳΪ״󽫾Ӳ£һŨüҲƸҪȥѧΣÿа˽ڿΡ
ˡۡϿˡ
״󽫾ЦǺǵͬԺ󻹵λݳչ
䣺
ʣˣ֪Σ
״󽫾ͦõġܰ£Ǹɿˡ
״󽫾һ룬ҽа죬﹬ģʱ鹫
״󽫾ѹŮг׹Ҳܸˣ߸˵ĸ˵ѾҽʹֵˣҶ˵ˡģ˵ֻҪúøɣԺ϶㡣
䣺
ԭѾĵˡ


133 



ĵһ 
ڶ,仹ţٹ̫㵽ˡ
̫̫ס˿ӣȥӭһӭɡ
,ȥơ
ߵ,´̫Сһ,̫ҲδЦӭȱһ,롣
̫ǸЦӯӯ,ͽū,һūûƬ̵,ֻ´Ű״緹ˡ
͹һ,֪кηԸ
˾βݹݳ˵
СԺ԰̫ൽò衣˵仰,ݳһ֮̽̫˵,λ״ЩȴǶģ㼸,Թѧ·ǳģټͼԺԺ,ҪѧλͼӰ,߹ø󡣡
ûߺ,˵,ͼӰ,ҲӦΪΪһ,ݲƷѧͼӰοҪ߹øһߺ졣
ǹ٣Ҳ飬л㣬ǽԵƬ̣ȥ˹ٷ湫
ⲻȥá̫ʹͷʲôʱټʲôʱ²һ⽻Щ֪һ繫ö飬пС
ϸʹʱ䣬̫Ҳ˰䣬֮ˡ価͵ţ̫಻ôδ͡
ݣ̫̫˵ǹ٣¶Ц⣬ĻĵǸˡ
ЩˣŮȲˣ÷Ӿ˼һҲĸ˵һЩ£֪ڹȦĶۡ
ϲˣ׼ҡ
ҲԹüˣΪвͬľֹƩ棬Щ˵˵󰲾˳
ΪԵʣ˽ĸ࣬й޳ǽæļӵ¡ԼǰδŴѧʿ¡
仹뵽̫ģҪѹѧͼӰǽϡ
䣬ôһһɹίʵЩ˼
ù緹任ۺñѧȥˡͷһΣҲûʲô˵ģ޷Ǽһһж³̰졣
㣬ԼʷڹѧתһȦµש·ȷԣƽֱɾʵ㲻ˮÿһ·ĵ񻨣Ĵӡ
̵˶ӣʡ
ʷҲѡģǰĹݳʷһǰݳȥˡʷͷʮǮ֡
ĥ֪˴γ͢ŭѧڸɸɾû˸ˡ
ѧĶӳıƴﴫפ㿴ȥѧǴһɫƵۣԼ鰸󣬴顣÷ΧɣûڵҸСġ
ֻȣЩȵѧʱʱҪֲ̧һȳĺ
俴һ̧뿪ʷҼǵùѧб̿Ӧġ
Ѿˡʷ˵ѧ䣬δ빩Ӧ̫йءıһȡ̿
ʷ˵ѧ巿ȣȥ巿ԡ
ûѧǰбֵжѧģҲȷǰвͬˣѧƷ׵ĶԹٷԵûƷĹµˣɫºؿŲ֣һʷҲǹѧͳһġڹѧְģ
ᣬʷܣѧԼҾŪεģڶĻԭÿݶδ齸һһһܡҾ㶼ܻľ׼ӲľҾ㡣
ʣܽȥ𣿡
ʷʹ̵£˭ӣ
Ҳˣǰȥηλľܸɣؿӱ㱨Ǽװ־ġԺȥҿ־һԿס
俴һۣ⵹ãǶϿΡŰ¶һԺԿ׸ѧһѣһѡҪʱ顣УǣвĶӳȥҪǽҲô죬ѧ³϶дġ
ǡæӦ¡
ȥʳãʳߡߡʳʣֲͬеʳʳԱ£Χȹñֺܸɾָ׼ƽ
ԭڹѧ÷ģټʷ˵һһԸ
ʷӦǣˣѧ¹涨ҶҪѧһ÷һķʳ
֪ѧʲôǾͳʲôǾһۣµȻͻ˹ء俴λʷһۣǸġ
룬ȥˡ
ڹӡţٹڹ⣬ѵµԶ䵽ٹӣȴʱ䲻һСдżЦԶ
վڴ£ͷε¹뼸λȹ޵ĹΧһλЩŮ룬ǹˡ
ٟRȵٹĸ󣬾滨Ժ·ȥˡ˾ٟͬR£ٟR·ð״˹ɡ
·̵滨Ժſڣ㻻¹Ŀһ꼫󼫺õҶ׹֦ͷСȭͷС
ϻżɫ̵ΪԺ˼֡
һڱеһ˿ŹŹ䣬ٟR״ɡ
һ£СҲŮ죬ع񣬲̧ͷٟRϰ߶Źñ˵Ժٲ˴򽻵ͦģؾн̧ͷ˵
ǡ̧ͷֳ佫ҵȻˣʣٟRСȴһʵ֮̽Ҳѹְ׸Ҵ꣬˵Ҫ֣̽ܰѹѧܵס
ҲٟRòٟRͻСԲԲģһ¿ǣ۾峺дӡ
״˸ջѧ³̿𣿡ٟRʡ
վͿˡһ糼ȥѧ˿Ҳֻһ֮ǰиĹۡ
ٟRʣ״˿϶ûѧɼѧ
ǰȥ
㿴¹ѧΣ
ǰǿڼԶ
ٟR˵ˡǰҾͰѹѧɻϵĵطһӲݰı˹ְǲĵġ
ѧһµٟRг԰˹ѧ͵ðѧĹء
Ժǽ֮أһ˻ˣԺӰĿǧǧˡԺˣӰıһˡˡԣѧٟRǰιݳѧٟR䵭Ŀ˿˿񣬰ʱţسͷѧȻ빫µԸء
ҲѧʿԣΪ谮ʲô˼
ԸѾԾһλԱо
ţȷӰѧ
ǡִһ
ٟRѧ£㣬Ϊˡ㣬ҪĵˣҲҪȥܡ֪ѧǳԹģֻܷģʲô£ֻҪöԣһ֧㡣
խˣѧԶûκһλݳ׸֮λ
⻰͵һ
ŹЩȻǰҪģֻǣǰ룬Ҳûϵ˵Ļ
ѧݳĳдԱڹ˶࣬˶ǰ·խġ
ν̹ѧĹеõôɲ빫ۡ
·ģȫԸ֪ܡҲ̬ȡ
ٟRҺܷġ
˵˽ѧ¸ѧỻ£͵кӣ˺Щ֮Ƕѧϰĵطһ±˽˽ء
ðû뵽ġٟRȫԣ֧֣ͦ԰ҪѴĴͷֻܸҡ
ǡ룬һ£ɹ
˵
˵ͼԺĻҪѧͼӰ֮߸󡣡
°˵㼴ȻΣͽɡٟRһϵ˾ǣ裬ҳ״ˡ
ܳס˾ȡһĶ֡±㽫ĻѹȥԭǽγѧƷϡǰѵĴԼѧݳ
ҪЩͼӰ
ϸµķΪãá
ǹȥˡ
ˡ
Ȼ׹⣬ĻΪЩǰѧS
ǰ˰߷ԶǰиҲڵĹѧ֪жǹѧĸ߹ٺù١ٟR˵áãʦãѡطڹѧӣֱӽˡͼԺҲЩһ»ý
ٟRʵʵ֧֣Ҳ뾡ľѧ
ܽѧܺãùĻ˵ʵʵܸıһġ
ˡм¡ٟRĻ˸ʢ뽲
˸Ҿ飬ⶨõģҲ˵ġٟR˾ȡһֽݸ䣬ȥˣѧġ
û뵽Լݳüְűһѧģ
ٟRͷЩ簮ӵġ뻨Ǯͻ£ɶɶظզզ
һμ棬˶⡣
Ϊй̨ѧܹһܡ
ٟRҲΪ۰ֹȷǸˡ


134 



ĵһ 
βݹݳͷ,ԵĿֲûмѡݾ֮ŭſؽڶˡ
ϵӣǿԣ
ʱ䲻,һ,ǾǣǮð¡
Ǯ,Ͷ뵽ѧ¹ȥ
Щ죬ֺҲ,˵ġﻰ޷Ǿǹѧ,ЩھǶ,ٟRȥ밲,͸ٟR˵ԷҲһƷھ,Ͱ͵ģ˵ȵĺܣ̫̫ۺ,˱,˵Ǳûõϣǽ¹ݳˡ
ᣬ˺Ūˡȥ顣ԹŮ
Թѧ±ĸ֪ĸ,Է˰ɡѧıǰRȡġ
,Ϊʲô
ЦЦ,áٟR,ѧ֮Զ,Ϊ̫ݡȵô,˭ĶŰ
,˭첻ñǵöȡ
ӵܣԷ˵ģĶǮñٟR飬֪ƽˣӹĺܿࡣʦʱⶼԲ̫ʵСʱЩҪ˷
źЦǼƶҪǼǮĸ뺢ӹ̹̹ġ
̹ͻؼ£̹ٟR൱˽
˵һ֪ͨԶŮ׻׻̻壬ѧֲͷЩ˽Ժ˽ԺõҲб̿ǹѧҲǹٻ˼ӵܣ׽γԵ˿֮ȣǽıģڲñܵס
಻ųЩǴ£ҲΪѧףʵ࿴ֻһ޿޲ɵС¡
ü֣˹ѧıҲδΪɡ
ٟRĸܣҪءôܸҲ̨֮ǰ߶߶ѧĹ̫ˣҪˣȡ
֪ʲô˭ԼҺӣҪݵıˣȵĸƵģô¸ĸģһͣ߶߶ҵģʱ͸˸飬֮ɲô㾴ߣ˻һɡ
ⶼ˵ʲôҪĸƵģ˵ƾƣԺôȡˡٟRѵû̾ľΪһŵǧĹ¡
ֲ̾˵̾ٴʲôãֶҰ
ĸ⻰ͲͬˡĸһҵصԶŲСRǶԵģܳϦġ
õֳ֧֣ٟR̸ĸɣҸҲô˵
ǿɶʲôⶼͷʡźӻС档
ٟR˵ĸѰɣԷĸǶֹѧûˣҸ˻ȥġʹˡ
˵ʲôġʵҲ̫̱Щۺ۵Ľ㲻ɣǻԹ˭ϣ㶯룿
˭ϣĸ¡ȰȰŰ²
ûҭͷЦٟRʲôҲΪ˭£ǸѶ£̫ǿûôۡ
ѧأܹܺôĸˡ
ƾĥƤӣٟRҲûӦҲЩٟRȲ˰£˼Щ
ٟRһ޹ǿû˵Ǹѧģ˵͸ҵġҪǸӡôǻҪȥɣ
ǣǵҲҪȥ
ǣɵɵǹȱ˱ɵ˼㣬Ǹѧģ
»ؿɵ˵ף˵ףô֪Ѿа״˰ѱˣҲѧġ
ҲҪٲٟRǹװɵҲ׻ʮꡣ
֮ţҲǵһٟR񲻰£յһʱ࣬˵
ٟRµĹأﶼ˵ָΪɵ߶߶ɵǰǲ𣬹ŮҲǲ𣬸ɴԼ
˵ƤӶˣҲûٟR˵
ɵֱ֣ЦǰRȷʷҪ氡ʷʷ̨ϴ档
㻹ЦҲ֪ô߳ôβ
ٟRɹһֵ硣
ٟRʷţתֱܶҲǼڵĵλá
ٟRټһӹһϻ滨ٟRֱ۶ԶǴб˳˳ġ
лʹ͡ӹû뵽Ǿ͸ٟRȤôΪһӴ˵Ǩŭ㣬ѹ⼸ν㻰ˣ
֪ûСӹæ˵۾ٟRȥŶԲס
¶޹ءٟR˵һپ٣һѧʿŮɰҲԼҵĽ¡
ٟRٰС԰˽ͤ˿ӹǱȽϵѧʿ飬ͦƲŮӵġвдĺãһ鷨ҡ
ٟR۾ģŹ⣬ӹЩ˼ġ
Ȼǵãǰ־򡣡ٟR˵
ӹӦһ۾Լ֣Ҳ֪ܲܳɡʱ룬ҲҸ˵˼Цҿ
ҲòŸܶ˵鷨ǿģֲǿ˵ġοѧʿƲŮӵܹģ˵ЦٟRӹָ֣ϵı룬Ҿ˵־ܳɡ
ٟRҲӹʲô£ֻдŸҡ͵̾С
ӹܸмĴӦˡ
ӼҸڼٟRҲûӹؼȥˡ
ٟRƽȡ֡Ͱ࣬ԽλҲӡ۶ݼ
ݹݳյ۶λ˾ı飬ط˵ףǾѧڹѧǱ
û뵽ǺľݹݳȴǿӲͷ
䣬գ


135 



ĵһ 
ǾӲǱβݹݳˣ
ڵ۶Ϊ,˵Ҫ컻˰Ҳ¹ݳǸͷ࣬ͳ˵ļʽ,ܳõġ
,˵ɶĶС
Ҳвȥ˵ģԱݡ
ٟRŸסĸԽ,ԽᣬҲް߰סͷ,,ϰòĳ,˵˼άݡ
ԭȥ,Ȱң˵·,˵۶ȳů͡˵ǵ̫ү۶ʱǻǺ¡ߣʿ϶Ǽе,ǻô,һšΣһȺˣ߶,Ҿ۶ߡƫɣ̰ѩ,,һȥ,͵鵽ʱ򡣡
֣̫,ֿɵ,Цο,⼸ڷأÿ¶밲ӵ¹ٵݸΣҲ֪ﶼãҲǷĵġɵײۼţҵٸ˵žҪ
̧֣̫ʾ̷סҲųһֱֻۣ֣̫ЦĪˡҸʵҲܼǹǣǳ㣬ͣҶ˵ֻڷ۶ݼ£Ǿˡ
Ҳ˵˵ɡ˭Ҳ治˭治ˣȻ»һĳ֣Сǲҡ
˭ܷģ˵ǳȥׯתתȥׯԡܵ죬˵ġ
Цڵ۶ûŵС㲻֪꣬˵Ǿˣ̫ʵ۱СׯȥҾȱ֣ң˰֣̫үʮˣһ£ʱ͵֣֣ã⻰һʺ󣬿ᵶǾһСׯȼȥˡ
Ծ;ôˡûꡣ
˵ϸϸᣬ֪ӹǺãⲻô
ٟRһۣٿһۣųҲ̬¡ӣɸȣҲʵ游ˡ
Խһʣ˵ϻԻš
ҲϹ˵Ϲǿϻȥ˺Щ죬ëûһƵһ
ɵ۵ûϻȻǵöൣġ
ԭ룬Եϻ۶׸¡ûԵҲˡ
ԻٟR˵ЩӣҸ˵ȥʱ϶Եϻ
ɵŮҲԽһֻ˶꣬ƽʱԱΪء
ٟR٣ٟR˵ʣҿ彡ʣʮ仢Ҳϡ档ֻͬһҲͰ꣬û˼
ôֱ֣ٟR˵Ķԣ֣̫ɵĸӶ˵Сȴ
ɵдų磬˹ΣˣҲǡ
ԽƷ뵽һʺ󡣡һʺ֣ϣʵ֮ĸĸ
ٟR˵ڿ϶ȲһʺԽ񣬿ѪԵϵԵʡ
ԽЦ̫ϥ£ġ
ٟRʵһ˵ԭ֣ҾкüѪԵϵټٟR֣ҽ鲻ҲȽϲһʺټһʵϣֱֱ
⻰Ͷˣλ붼룬Ǻܻ˵䲻ǵճ⻰˵ĶС
칫ȻҲϵĵ۶ţ֣֮ң̻Ҫѷһġ
λյ۶Ҷͣٹ˸СС磬÷ǻظϢȥˡ
ܿ۶±㴫ҷĶȥģҪλֶﱲڹѧ飬ܹѧ¹Ӱ죬ûٸ߿ࡣ
˵ľǣѧܵϣҲΪǺãǶ⡣ҾͲףñôӰѧϰˣյģ˭ҲñۼҺֲǺСĴĥ
˵ıԹתͷͬ߶䣬ԽǰҲţطԱӵ͢ѯѧ³̣˵ǰѧܲ񻰡
Ҫҽʱ̫һģɩӵ˼ڹѧԹСԽ˵
Խһ֣ᡣǷѧ޹ءοһص۶ʺڵ۶ʲô˼Ҳһ㡣ȥڣʲô¸տʼ춼ѡþΪ¡
ãѧݳաԽʮֿ϶
Խյȿڲ裬ôףܱ£͵ùܷ£͵ùˮܲˡ
ʱ䳤ˣ˭ܶԹѧָֻšԽôˣ
˭ҶԹָֻţڹѧǹڹܡҲʵۺӣԼѧáҪԵ£˭һְ䣿ԽԵЩ㲻֪ܳ谮˵Ժѧʿ˹ùùѧ̰ߵŪˡ
룬˭ҵ﹫Խ֪꣬Ǹ̾Ŷ󣬹ѧ䲻Ҫţû뵽潻ܡ
ⲻǸϾôԽ˵
ѽ˭Һ˭ۡ˵˵ֶҹǽˤȣ̧ؼȥˡ
ǸϹ͡ԽһĥףĲҪڴҲǹѧ¹ܷʩеĽ
ĶԻ£һӵڹѧҲԹˣҲ£˵Ǹɴ侢Ī٣ⲻǸĹ
ٟRҲ֪һЩھѧܵ£ǳͬ
̬չҲԶٟRԤϣѧȻ֯һ飬߹ݳְȨΪ
ϴȭһֱ˵Ϩƣӹѧ¹棬һֱҵãӽƶ˵ǵ˸裬׼ֱ͵Ժʷ̨ݿûͳѧţڰ
ֻǣ̬
Ĺѧڹѧ޵СУоƾʦѵ⣬Ҳ˿
Щһ˿ɢȣϯȻһѩӳ·ͷһưôת˲
ѧͷϡϡϣ˳Ŵʪͷ£󹦷򣬱㽫һѧܵʪ͸
ѧݵļλʱˣ˵ǺãǺãɱѺܻˣ
ǻǻݳһ˵
ҲڴǰɫȻ
ݳݰĴ죬͸꣬Լɼݳɫٷ
վڱ괰ǰУʪܵѧɫʯ
һʱλɫٷУɡȥѧ˵Щʲôһʱקѧ䣬ѧ̵˻ȥ
λУһ˦ˮܵ䣬űܻУᡣ
ʷˣУУ

λʪܵУѥӲשһʪܵĽӡˮ˳°۽ǵʪתۻһСˮݡУüͷż٣ˣøϽ⣬̫ˡôһ궼ҪοЩĺǣ
תãã꣬ɫûа㽹ȡϵ飬λУȥ˵˵ģҶӦǻϢ̫ҽѧ
Уһϲǣ㼱ܳȥ֪ᾲѧȥˡڰδõʷ¶ֽɫŰȴҲԽӦѧЩЩ˵Ѫ񲻰׷ˣ
ʷᣬ̲ס˵˾䣬ˣЩģҲֻѧһ룡ʣµĹѧԸ¹ġ
׼ߣҪ


136 



һ 
ͻһ,·߶˶ɼϡɡŭǰ,ʱ,ˮʪٷ°ڣɫˮ,ķѪɫ
ףٟRڿס,ȥش,ٟR˵,ر,ɫవһҪ,ҵꡣ
鿴ȫûϿεˣҲˣڴ,Ȼһ,ҶһٟRЦ,ʦû
ܽţ˵,,Ѿ,,ׯڻٴһء
ٟRҲǰ,žžյڵ,˲俪һƬˮתˮãã졣
ȵĵˮӿ£ˮٟRӣζš
ӱҲǰһ꣬٫hǰȥо¡
٫hҲٟܵRǣмСȥһٟRӣǻǻȥɡ˵վڴǰͻȻױͷϣˡ಻ȫ
ٟRס٫h֣һ꣬hh㣬Ҳǻˡһ׼ˣҲģ㿴µĶãʦ˵ⳡ꣬ׯھͳĸˣܶ嶷
Ǻܺá˶࣬٫hҲˡ
ҲмҾݵƶ˼ң͵õ©ˡ
٫hʣҪô죿
ô죿©ͽ¡룬Ķ©Ķ⻹ǺõġΣǲʵĲݣһȥӻҲǵС
ٟRѾԹٸ˽⣬ͷѣﲻʱ͵øͷæȼãٽ鱨ʦǲ
ףȻ١
ʦǽġмģһæŻҪŰæ
ҿ˵һػѧʱ֣ɲСʦʰ鱾׼Ű칫ٹܹ̫̹ߣٟRʦ˰ѽʵĺɡҲˣʦ񲿻Щ·̣һȥٹţСЩٻ񲿡
鲢ƴǣãǾлˡ
ⲻӦô
ٟRС顢ʦһٹյٹſڣдһʵ¡
͸ܼ罣ߣٟRһϮ۵İ䡣
ɡǰδٟRȵ״˲ضǽȥ˵
ٟRֱӵԼԺӡ
ǵٹ֣̫밲
ӱ˶ԼԺӣ滨ԺٟRһ˶ӣٟRϣ˾ǵ裬ȥѰɡɡţԼմʪһӡ
˾Ǳȥ½̹˷̡
ٟRʣʲô£
ȡѧǷ飬Ĭǰ˫ֵݳʡ
ȡϣٟRһĿʮпһЦһߣϵһϱвģ治١
һ磬Ҫֺʷ̨飬ЩѧУͻȻⳡꡣļѧ٣Ӧ롣
ӦˣٟRһߣֱ㽫ֱ߶Сϣʰ䣬㶼ܴӦ
Ӧˡƽ˵Ǵо¾ֻʳԲС飬Щѧҵķԣս¹УҲؽڸ
ǰʷˣڸٟRŰ䡣
Ȼ¡ΪʷԼа֮Щѧ竷ŵҲˡԶԴ˵ķʽԴѧ
һòǵ¹ҪǰٟRϵҲǿӲԶԵ׼üŰ˿ɫû˰˵Ӧ֮кֱ˵ˡһģⲻżô
ȵ¶һ˿Ц⣬ҲӦЩ׼ԭΪҡȲܵͣҲֻһˡ
䲻֮̽ǣй⣬ǰϳµ£Ȼѧʷ̬֮һѧҪþһѧԸӦ¹棬ˣѧһΪþڲݶ飬¹顣طƧЩҲԸǰȥӦְ
ٟR۾һ⻰ѡǰѧǹѧӵܣЩġųٟRʵҲԸǡ
ٟRһӦˣã͸ȥĸǽͶȻЩĺͿԸܣ˹Ǻˡ˼þȥɣ
ڸ֣̫˵ͼٟRŰٟRʦɡٸ״˰Լߵ֣̫ϣĸ߶ֱӾͰѹѧ¶˵һ顣
ٟRʮӾģҪңգһۣ˵£ʲô˼ǵУв˭ģҪ״ƣһƽϡĸҸ״ȻвʶôģǼڲþȥɡѰطѧЩԸѧ¹ѧ顣
ҲǵһμٟR̫˵ֱҪô˵ʽҲðʶٟRǺεܳ衣
Ҫ͵
ֻܳĺӲŻ룬˵
֣̫ǣεʹģƤһƤͳˣ
֣̫ɨ䣬䱻һɨ֣̫תٟRͷð״ϸӣĶ¹ݣ¼ѧο¹ݳãѧᡢᡢᡢУþߣñܣֵöٹȥڼ䣬ѧΰãѵؼң
ٟRĿ䣬״˿϶׼ǲǣ
䶼һͷ亹Լ׼ȡһӣϳʷϣѧѧ棬֪¹Уһ֮׼
֣̫û£ŵٟRٟRһ𿴡Դʵ¹ѧѡַѧãӲݴЩƸЩ˳׼ļ۸ʵ󣬰׼ʱ䣬£ʮ죬ܽ¹ѧ׼á
ٟR˵״˹Ȼ׼֡
֣̫ҲˣٟͬRӸڸһ飬𸴡
ٟRļʦһڸȥɡ
ܾ£ѧǺͷţ飬񲿹ܵǹӼࡣѧڷ˼⣬Ҫӣֱڸɡ
ٟRܻ֮ˣ
ҪҸֲԸ
ΪʲôЩѧʿʿǴѡô
¡
ٟRĸϲ֣̫ٟRһΪµѧҪô죿
ٟRóѧǵĿ飬Լ״ѾӦˣұҲӦͰ˵ĸģǰԼĹ顣ÿ꣬ѧͬһĿԣμӹҵԵˣȡùѧĽҵ飬ܾݴıְ


137 



ĵһ 
ѧһΪ,ڸпͬһΪСûҪһΪ޿޲,,Ҳûٻѣǧӵ¡۵Ϊ,ӦٸݹѧͨһʱͿ,ѵ˾֮ˣ
ݳɲǽ˵ô֮Դ˹۵,ܿЩ˶ĺڹѧ顣
,շǴ,꾡ǧ,ЩְˡӿĽĻ飬Ҳû
תͷ˹˾סǰʰ,¹ѧУᡣ
ԭ⹺δ,Ҳ⹺ˡɼҵĶڹѧ飬Դ¹ʩ,гݴһ룬ιѧ,ɵĹûμ,رܽ¹ѧġ
ЩĳƢԶʧ,ö,ɴ̱,춫͵,Ÿڷͣȫ
¹ѧʦҲܿȫһǰԲݴģһġٟRӽĽͷ
ʮ֮ڰͣЩδμӾʾǩԸתѧĹѧת¹ѧ飬ʣµĹѧþɹơ
һӣйٷżˣҲɵ֪Ȩƣɵ׵ѧЩ汾£Ժ;ߵԶ¹ѧ߶ԼҺת¹ѧȥ
Ǳ롣
ǵǱƾоݣٟRҲżµھ˵ҲѧԸǺʩ¹棬Ҳ˶ӦǱϾƶ˼ҵĺӣ׽ʵԸþɹ棬ҲӦϾǰ˵ģҲһӦ¹ģӦɹġ
ԺչΪѧѧѧʶĸ³̣ѧģǺ³̡
Է˵ǰҲ롣¹Ҳ޿ȡ֮Ҳһֱþɹ档
շ˵ҪΣٟRһаԷˡ
¹̱ĵطһģҲͳˡԷ˵¹γƶĻǲġ
ٟR˵һ²ѧµò顢ƶӣʹҾͽˡԷ˼֮㡢ʶ֮صðá
ʱԷһЩһæĺܣɸ๹ѧ֮¡ҲֻЩǳʶԲԵģͰ߶
ҿʵŮߡٟŖָ֣һѹʾԷ£ı£ο׾ʮη˵ġ˷ģҵţֻܸȥ
ԷƴǣٟRһ壬ĪǷ˿٣ң˵ǰ˵Ļڿң
Է޷ֻýӹɽ
ԷϴûٟRѰܴԷߵ㷿£һ£ּҪҪȥѯԷˡ
ٟRϵĿڹ˵翴ԷǴզģû뵽Ȿ¡
Է˳丸ǰ̲飬£丸ǰԶ¡Է˾¼ޣʶĴ
ӹѧŪǮ£Է㷿ɵġַ಻ϡ棬㷿ŪŪǮԷ˳߹ŵڣ㷿Ҳһ㷿ԼݵͷԷһ޵۶Ľõ˿ڡ
ͻƿڣϼ¼Ҷ׽£ʳ಻£Ʃ磬Է˵Ҳӣٻӵܽѧ顣ԷӸݣͽûǧԷĿ
ٟRһӣڹݻ䣬ڹ鿴飬ܲһԷˡ永Աµ顣

ٟRͰ¸˵ˡٟRĻиɫʣҸһȥϳҽǿŮӵΪμҶģԭҲˡ
ǳسɵ۵˵ͷʹæ±ˡ
ѵ¾ͲˣǻкãŶ壬ֻǲԣôٟR
򽻵϶࣬ڲʹҿļʧ졣
ٟRµĵɡ޸ɣ˭˸ԩ
鸮
ԷһݵİѹѧĲʹؼңհѺⲻѻ´ô
ʲô취ǸҽҰ죿Է˾дһ˿Сү˵᲻ǹʵҰŸĸĹѧ³̣
˭н飿㣡齫Сڿһţ͵һԷͷϽôյôͻȥ˵ؼϸϸȣ֪¹⣬һܸġ
λߣԷҲֻаɡҾ͸ͻȥԭ˵䣬˭ùǽҰ졣
ĪҪٲֹѧ£ҲĪֶڹѧ¡¹ѧѧˣԺ˭þɹѧ£ƹѧԭǺ⣬һͨڣֶ˾ɹѧ˺ǰ̣
֪ˣ
ҲûԭѧЩԷԩ
õžвݳԴ˺ܿߡ
Է˸ԩˣ˭Ҳû
ˮҲмֶֶﱲɹѧˡԷ˵ٰѺת¹ѧȥ
ǲɵ¹ѧһʾ
ûԼҰ¶䣬ٴε飬ʵ֤龲ĬƬ̣һ֣ŻвʹҽҲͨ£һЩ±¡
˰ɡ
Ϊ޸ɡȲҵΪ٣λ̰µĻᡣ
Ҳ㲻
ءʹ׵Դӵ˵
ɵĽɸɣ֮ݣʥɵ˵ƾʵݣ䲻ʵǰʧб֮ѲʺΪһ飬ʳǹ١
ɵ֪ԷЩ£ǹ٣԰οһһ룬ѧһ֤ݶ׾۳س
Ҫǹ٣ɵֻݻؼϢһʱ䡣
ŷ˵˴½ѯԷ൱ϣڼ˿Ϲѧ׬ӵ£Է˲ϡݳȥõһλУѧѧ߹ϵ
УԷҲչӡ
Ŀ಻٣
⣬ûˡ
Ϊȱڣܶص۶ְ²ѧ֪ѧЩè壬ûáҼеӣǷǷݶҽֻܷȥܶǽд󻧣޾˵а֮ȷϹѧСǮ
ܶٹ밲ʱ˳˸֣ϸѧһЩ򣬡과ѧݳʱڣʱѧģƷϼҵӵܡû˭ڹѧ÷Ǽ͢ѧЩ࣬һֱôģѧݳУ顢ܵЩЩ£ְǰС
Ų󣬿ɳЩ¶ˣǳҲڹѧˡܶ繫㽫ѧ
ܶѧݳʹ˵õҲõ˵ѵҲѵѧĶ࣬٣ǰͣҼá˿Եķӣܻ¾Ͷˡÿѧпǰܵһɸߡǻģ뷽跨̫³⡣ԲĹѧ¼ιѧݳǼ꣬⿼Уġܰһѧż
ܶʵϣҪ˵񣬳ûչӣֻչһЩ֮ࡣ
ٟRһЦôˣҲ֮顣о仰лѳʱˣĹЩ֮ϣȴĵȷȷڵġҶ֪ʦҽÿŶԼС⣬ڵģ£Щ񣬶ͷߣҲǹٳ
ܶ΢˵뵽ͣǺڼףû뵽ͨܶ˳Ʊ˵˾䣬
Ҿ֪ѧôһһ㸯õģܶ˵㵱ݳʱѧҾףõġٟRʵ˵ܶ˲˵滰
޵ˡܶҲ沨άֹѧ棬֪ѧоɼȴҲδı䡣
һ˻ҪǿЩġ
ٟRĳ֪ܶҪôӻˣ˼пܣֻǱȳҪҪǿЩ
ðɣ빫Ƕ࡭ۣҲһֿ϶ɡ
Ͼ˭붡ιѧݳĹء
ܶʵѧְֻغܶȥˡǰ׼СŮϲ͵ٹТµġ
ڹѧ˵û©δ޶еѯ飬ֱܶĵ
Էձھ˫̰⣬永һѺС
ʧ죬ٺ»ɻػ١
ԼҰɹѧ泹׳ҲûܾɹѧѧԼβݹݳ
ɹѧĿҵñ⣬ƶ»ָͬ¾ɹѧһԵĹأҲʹȷ
⣬ɹѧڲԱֻٟRٟR˵Ҫܾɹѧģ
½ѧʱѿ쵶ն顣ɹѧЩˣ䲻ùܣһΪݳҲܷβܡĿѧȥĻᣬΪס
ٟRûԵĻһ䣬ֻȥԵҡ
һҾز
뿪ٟRµĸ֣̫Զ־ѧݳλӣʺ
û뵽ѧʿͦ۹⡣ѧʿƼġ
֣̫ЦԶѧʿĲ㣬ҲСһԺѧʿǿɲλá
ٟR˵ֻǺǸƲ˵СѧʿҲðιѧݳ
룬ٟRѧʿ֪ҪһʲôĹݳ
Ȼܸټʵѡ֣̫˲ֱ޳Ҷӡ
ٟRͦģ˵ĸ˵йԱᵳ˵׹ݳѧʿһô
ĳҶ΢΢ڶ֣̫ʣ˵أ
ҾŲǡҲ״˵ĸͦ׵ģһʷʦʷʦһ״˾Ͱ̾״׽Ĺ٣ֱӸʷҺͺãʷֲ״˸ĹϵʦһϲʷңȴҲûʲôޡٟRȥģ֣̫һ£æ˻Ҿû뵽ѧʿȻ˽ƼˣԼңһҵõ
֣̫ЦԱʲôģǱȻҪĥǵϲ񡣡
Ҿϲ¸µˡٟR˵
㻹һЩ
ж
һʱͬʱҪһĶ֡
ٟRĸΪʲôҪ֣֣̫Ļش֮𣬡񣬹ѧΪơӼ¡
֣̫ٟRٟR۾ʢϸ⣬·ʲôֲʲô
ãٟRգ۾ǹ۾иεյô
Ҫѳӵô֣̫ʡ
ҾŰ״ǺܺõˣȻ£ϲˡĸһϲˣ̲סǽ̸һЩ飬ʱѵҲ뵽ǡٟR˵ҾţõľϵҪһġ
ã塣
ٟRն˵
֣̫ЦЦܺá
ĸ˵ãٟRüһ䣬ҲЦˡ


138 



ĵһ 
ѧһʽ᰸
ͷϵĴȥ,ʽƷ䡣ͬʱɵ۶Ʒɢȴ󳼵Ρˣϵٷ㲻˻,Լˡ
ٟRҲʮѧı仯
ʼȫΪٻӵܽһԺ,ʽǳ͢̰īһֱ,ֻǳʱСС֣һǹѧӵܳ,ϹѧʳѧĶ,ЩĹԱܴͷòٺô
ѧΪɼ¼ȡ
ʩΪĵطˡ˭û˽ģС
ֻ˽,ǰ涼Ҫġ
Ĳ̰īӶ,طڣѧϰ,ܶԣһǱڵĹ򡣳ܶȱӣڹѧҲûȤ,谭˵Ĳ·
µĵط
ѧĬǿԴŵõһЩ˽˺ôġ
Щôù,ȴǶĬĹ
ٟRϹѧڡ
һЩֵֹĹԱԴ
أˡġٟRҲ˿ˡ
ٟRһֱǸﲻɳӵ,ɿѧ£Ǵ˼֮,ܶ,Ҳȷܳ
,ٟR˽Ϊٺίʵ,ԷΪһ֪
ٟRĸ˵,㵽ɵС,̫ˡ
ô˵и˵Ŀԣţһ㣬ţڡ֪Ҳ̫̫ܲ
ٟRһƲ죬ѧ²Ҳڡ
ǡѹסýͣǸ
ٟRü˵ļ紫ԺԷԼ
⻰͹ˡüһʣССЩӰӣͬõﴧȴ󳼣׵ġ
ٟRƣ˭ãһСЩԵʣ˲ﴧҪû¶˭޶˻룿
ǽ鳤ӣӸο顣˽ͬ˵ģԼҳ£Ȼ֮λɼĸ㸸ʶмӡҪǰظм㡣
ºЦĸ׵ݸҽ˽鱾ദ
Ҿͷˡ
һң͵ĸߡЦƣСģԵġ
ɾӣֻóһڣˣ԰ɡ⺢ӣТģСʲôų
ഹ۾һף͵ĸߡ_Եġ
ĸ׳ԡ
ôһһ׵ĽһҶιĸˣùң޹ٳһ룬ߴٶӣ㳢ûǡ
ŽԣһڣףζôģĸңԺҲԸѧ
ǰɡ˵ҵָ¡
صԼʱ磬ó۫ϵĹѧӵĵڣ·һڡ˸¹ԾּϣüͷٴβԾ
һĨˮڣ̧ͷ˿ϸ֯ԻҰ䣬ڵϣһСС
뵽ýȥˣ̣ȥٹһˣû
ȥ
ٟRȥ¹ѧ¹ѧĻѧϰΧʲôġʱ컹磬û뵽Ҳڹѧ԰Ϊ׵۹ѧѧϰ⣬Լ¹ѧ⡣
¹ѧĶûμӾǩԸĹѧٶȽͬѧٵ¹棬ΧҲȽϺá
ҪֻһЩ΢С
¹ѧ֣佨鿼Σһǹѧ⣬һٟR⡣
ٟRҳⲻãʱ븸ʺĸ⣬񲻸档
Ҷܻϲ
˵ѧĴС£΢΢ǰһ£¿ɻǵ⣿
ǵãǸʶȻڹѧġٟRȻǵá
ѧҲ١ҳ£Ӧѧ顣˸ѧѯ飬ҪѧͶ
ٟRδÿɷ񣬶˵˼أ
ڹѧ
ΣٟRʡ
λǰСƽҲ֪̿ࡣλУ顢ʿ
ѧ̺üѧɼּѣȻѧ
ٟR˵ɣһع븸˵һ븸һҲˡû࣬˸üûûҪˣ˶ҪгϢˣҪˣǺܲɵ
΢Уһ˿Ц⣬ͣ˵ǡ
ֹ͸һ˿ϼӰɫӳˮ˼䣬Ⱦٟ֬RͣҲĹǹңұȻˡ
ٟRûֻͣð棬滨ľⳡˮһϴҲ˼־񡣰ٟRһǱߣҲ߶³ˡ
šһͬʰɡ
߳ҰǾޱԲţԶͼȻһվ·ԣŻï
жʱ䲻ƺִڸһأ˳ڵϸòһӢͦһ˹ģ˵ഺϢϲ
һֱԺſڣٟRһг۾£¹¿ǡ
һٟRɨ˵ӭϣȻһҾǰ밲
ٟRָһ̧δˣٟR⣬۶ˣûڸǰ̣
عĻ游߷̣һǾТ
ٟRһۣ֮ǰǺƤȻûȥ߰ͽһϴЦ£и¶
ٟRбһۣʲô£˸ѧ£ţ˵ˡӦˡ
ʱ˫ԲһƨŻģЦһҪϷأϹġ
ⷴӦ죬ٟRЦЦģԼҲЦˣûţ˵˾䣬һΪ¡ڹѧٺò
ѧôãٟRЦʡ
ȻѧڰӸտͷ˸¹پСϾҳһ۶Ϣ֮ͨһֿϷ˷ܣתٟRһҾлԮ֡
ٟR𵱳ȥѧʱλ¹ǰ۫ϵģֹ³ƵϸȻǲǸö
ǸöڳܲŻࡣ
ˣȻˣ
ٟRǣ𴽽ǣ˳⣬ôģ
˵ηԾ
ٟRһ벻ˣಽٟRϣӲſʼηʲôﰡһöϿۣҲð˵˸°ɡ
ٟR˸м۫£عĸ˵һʹ飬ⱻͷɱΡ
˸ĲʹָٟRعȸѶֻǣٟRûϵǣ¶ûй۫ѣ֪۫ԴʲôҩץסӵܵݣҪѧ顣
ٟRҲ۫ԺŮ첻ҹΪٟRٹĶ֮£
ٟR޶˰ڻ˵¶ʱˣĸ۫ǲǳԴҩˣҿû
֣̫˷裬ƵƷһڣһò衣


139 



ĵһ 
ٟR,̶ܴ۫ȵʧķ裬ߥĸ۫ɸ̫ҽȥΡ
֣̫̫ҽҲɵ,۫û˵Լò,ڳ˵˲ͬĻ̫ҽ,Եƫˡ
˵¶вٟR۫һ,ⶼڹѧ,˸͸ϹƵ,Ųʡʲô,ҲѧҵΣԹѧʾл,費Ҫ
ѧĿǰӵܽѧ˵ӵܾѧ,ҪѧˣٟRܲм۫Ϊ
⻰,Ҳе֣̫
ȻˡٟRΪԼĻǵֱ
ٟRתף˵ǲ
ɵ۵,,۫˵Ҳȫ޵,ǹԱӵܽѧ,ӵܽѧġ۫Ҳǰڵ۶ӵܹղ,,ȥͬ˲,⵽ѧͶ
ǰɲô˵ġٟRǰոͬڹѧ£ҲӦ˵ġ
²󡣲˵Ҳе˵ǸѧͶġɵ۵ѧٵĽڹϣѧҲƴǰˣ⵽ѧδزڹѧ
ٟRû뵽׾Ȼ֧۫Ĺ۵㣬Բ۾ףɵܲסǴСЦǰҴӦRڹѧ飬ѧͦҪֵ֧ģǾ֧һ¹ѧòã
ѧȻҪ֧֡µȷѧٵĽڹ۶ϣʱӦ۫룬ļơٟRҲڳУҲ˵¹Ծ£Ǹ¹ҼһΣǻҺͻȥѧѧٸǿǴε٣۫ǲ֪ģ¹һ֪顣
˵¹ѧһˣͻȻˣ붼Ρѧİǽ۫ģһ²ٲ˵ġٟR˵۫©ܷİѧ½
¡
һ¡ٟRǳԭ򣬡һ룬ѧԺѧ£ѧʿ̴ȥʹѧԭ˸ܣ˸ԶûԺæҲû۫ȴӶ鲻壬ʹҪ֤С
ɵףֱ۫ӽìͷ׼ٟRǰٟRˡ
ٟRʣʣ糯˭˵һˣ
ʲô㻹Ҫ˵ɵʡ
ҲˡٟRرҾ֪˭ңҵʲôûϳû˵˵Һһͽ͡
޷Ǿô£֪ǶǺ⡣ɵۿȦƺЦ̫⡣
ٟR˵΢֪СҲӵܣ۫ôͿ˹ţͿ¶ˣͷԹ
һѧĲʹ֧۫穲ҵ֪ܲءٟRпһ̸۫Ļ⡣
˽£ٟRǸ٫h߶һأ٫h˵游ͣ϶ӾתЩ̰ġ
ڼҲٟR档
٫hͷǰ˵˸һģ꣬ת㲻ʱˡҲˣͣͲʱӻ
٫h˵游ܴˣ벻ȫġҪˣ齻϶졣
ٟR٫hִΪпһˣͬңǻզء
٫h۾䣬빫һ𣬹ǹңҲһġ
۫ҲڽܵĹע˴ѧѧ֮ΪٟR飬Ҫһǽнһ硣
һգо޶
۫ڴ
ĽչҲʧֻǣǸӲƨɵ÷ʽҲûϵΪ󻼾Ȼ¹Ūˡ
ֱǡ
ԭŮӳȥ¹ҧҲƾ֤˵˵ʧķ衣һⲻѧһиĻָʹô
֮ƣΨнˮ롣
ɰˮҲиɣҵɾˡ
ⲻǸ⣬ȴסʥĵľٴ롣
ۼٟRûڶգԺԺѧʿ飬ѧˣ빫˳ѧԺѧɹ麲ԺѧһӦҲӦɹѧݳԺ
Ǹ޵飬ԺѧʿҲΪ̹¶ιѧĹףڳйأѧĹȨȻһöԹѧԺֶԹǺ¡
ѧʿĴ빫˳ѧĻҲ˵ޱίޱȸм
ٟRҲûѧĹȨֻǣµЩֱ˵ˣҾǾŹѧ̫񻰣ŹһܡѧҲȷù麲
ԼĿڣٟRɻ󣬡ѵǹܵľˣͲˣ
ӱȲѧȫ֧֣˵컨׹޷Ǿժӡ
ٟR˵ѧ͹麲Ժܵġ
֣£ôݲͬѧȷǹ麲ֹܣǹѧȫѵܹʹѧ֮ˣ
չ˵˼֣·չ£ҸҸĲ飬ҲûĲְڸ׸²ʡΪȻ¿ʡⱾϵģҴ
˵ģٟRĵǽЦһţǼ⡣ѧʿ˵С۶Ҳ˵սˡ
չһˣ߻ŮӴñ¡࣬˵ɽ֣һ仰Ůɶ¶ͣ
⻰ĴҶЦˣӱ֣չƽкã⻰˵ϡ
٫hҲЦͬչԣ˵ֵΪֻˡ
ٟR˵һ溲飬ǣѧ麲ܣʼնδġʧ죬¹ѧ䡢̰ߴҪʱѧв֮£Ҫﺲ֡
չн壬һ˼дһƪ֡ĲȻȲú֣Ҳ˵顣
ٟR˾ȡԼ˽ӡ·
ٟ֮RٹܹܣŴܹһ磬⡶溲顷ȥڸ󣬽ָԺ֪
֣סٟRٟR⣬²׹׹Դµ
ӱ˵Ҫǰ׹ģص٣¡ǵЯġ
չͷ
׹ȻٟRٟRö飬緽ÿաһٟRԼϣһֱעѧֹ֧ѧġ
˵ʵڣǳҲԼ˽ġԹѧ˽һιѧ̵ܽܳѧӵģҲ̫¡λˡ
ٟRǳοԼЩеˣϣ֧Լġ
ٟRɫİɡΪȻ¿ʡѧ¹涼ƶģѧݶԨԴʼڵġѴֻҡΪģһΪвҲһΪ㾡
ٴһҾл֧֡


140 



ĵһ 
ٟRֻԼ,Եģ
ԣٟRҲںڶٰܹܴĹּڸʱ,ʲôĿ
鶼վһͷ,źۼƳµκԺԺѧʿһۡ
ѧʿѮѮ֪,Ӳǽ⹫ּһһ󡣴ٰܹ꣬ǰּѧʿǰ,ѧʿ,ѧʿ,µĻشͷˡ˵,ּѧʿ,ѧʿвֻ£»ѧʿ͡
ѧʿǿԼ˫,¹ּ,ɤҲʣµ˼Ѿˡ
ܹ΢΢һЦ,һ˦С̻ع
ڸ˷׷,ʷ̫ѧʿһ,ѧʿ,ѧ,,ίʵûа˽ġ
ʷ̫Ϊľѧ,ѧʿݸ̨ף٣˵ЩԵġ
ѧʿһ̾ţѧʿӲٟRûԵʣ¾Ĺǰ̣ͬ˺󹬹ŮɷֱӰּڸѵʾֻһŮкãԺй£ǽЧڸӦԣʾ
಻£Īּ˵ѧԺ£˵㺲ֵ¡֮ǰӦ빫˵ֻ飬ȻҲֻ黹ˡ
ͲᣬȴҲȻЩУ࣬һ⳼󹬹Ů
ֲס󹬣̫סٰٰڸԶ̫ﰲ˳ݼҲ᲻ǲ̫Ҳǰ˵ˡʷ˲ˮȡһյ˵ţͷ
ѧʿҳ⹬ءܰݼˣ
Ȼܵġһ빫Ū޼˸һֱ˵ǮԽûǮʷ̫޳ǽҲǹŪӡ
ʷ̫ΣҪҼǧȻ¶ҹû׼⻧Ҳ㣬йˡ
Υ˴ˣĻúֻĳԸʰϼҡ
һѧʿûм˵ȥ
ù緹ڸҲɢˣѧʿغԺ̲һȰѧʿʱڳ֮١󳼵ģϾӮ˲ӮһŮӡûп˵
ѧʿǸûģҲȷһӿ˵Ը࣬˦ֵҾķףΪ׸Ҳɹѵڸͷϣ빫ںλѵǺ⣿
˵ԭ̲ƵĴ󰸣Ūǰ޹˵ġѧʿҪ°졣Ҫϰλܹܵѧ¶
Ǻ⣬ѧʿһ䣬ţҸȥţҲɢˡ
ѧʿκԺͷͷȴٟRͷһκԺǽٟRɨɾһ֣⺲Ժɴˡ
ѧʿʮֲٟRŪһ˽ӡּٹܹڸ֮٣ٟRҪʹѧ֮¡
ѧʿɶ¶ûддҹڶ糯ٟRһ
ɲңٟRĹ϶ҲٟRѵڸһ죬ٟRΪǹ֮ģҲҪŮбְ˾ͬΪ㵱󹬸ΪŮӱʡ
Щȹѧ֮¸Ҫٱ
ǵѧʿϱʷ̨ҲٟRѵʾڸ֮ЩٟRʷʷŮ˽ʷ̨Դͬ൱ºͣʷĿѧʿһ£Ϊ٣ӦרѧҵΪģѧɣΪңΪТ
⼸¹ȫ˻ʼ棬жͬߡ
Ҳͬġ
ò˵乫ѧ֮£ȫۻӲ鰸ѧؽѾѪҪں٣鰸ʱô˵ѧؽʱ˵¶ˣ棬ģҪ˵ǰͷǮ뷨ˣҪ˳Ӵ˲ʹѧ¹˵Ķ¶ģӲţ߯ûġ
ѧʿҺ£֪顣
鲻м֪飬Ǿ͵ж˸ñƷҿûǺа㱨ٶ
ѧʿĲᣬԣָα
鳤üһѧ¹棬Թռʶ֮ʿٰⶨѪȨƹܹѧԣں󹬣ԹѧŲʡ
ѧʿҴδŹƹѧ֮
û۶֮ǰҲûŹܲ鰸참ѧ硣ªŲǲߡ졢ͶܿɾǲˣĿڲſʷ̨ͬڸҲûѧʿ˿档
ѧʿתһҾʥƹܹѧʥּʾ£Ժ޲ּ
žһ䣬Ǿּ䷢ΪŮ޹ȨǷҪں󹬣ƾΣֻܰʼҸɡ
ѧʿʵ̲飬飬ΪŮӱкβã
ΪŮӱʣѵֻеڸٻǸĹأŮӱʣϴ۳̫ͦ鳼٣Ůӱʣǵһʺ̫ʵ۲ŮӱʣչΪǺؽѧŮӱʣʣǲŮӱʣʱ㺲Ժ˵㣿
ѧʿʮ갾ڸĴԱȫ޷Ӣţʮڸȣѧʿɽһ׷ʣѧʿɫס
ʱһƽ͵ԺңƾЩ꣬ƾĶۣҲϣΪһƷѧʶԨ͵ĹΪҵĵ䷶
۫ҲΪԹļѧأزϵΡ¹٣ѧҵΪǶ˶ΪãֻǷͬˣ꣬ùԼѡ񡣡
ֲ۫һ䣬Ǵ£ҲѧҵΪ
ҶԴµĿҵ˽⣬ŴҲѳ泯񡣼ѧʲôҲϹһѧ
۫ĲͬôУŮӣһӵΣŮŮӵĳԹ黭ϾָŮ죬ҲһŮӣӵᣬ˵Ǹλλĸֲ͸أûؼңĸȥĸ밲ʺãĸ׵ѵءǱ£ҲТ£Ϊ±ʣ̫Т˳ġ
۫ոջ˵ùԼѡ͵Թ黭ָŮˡĹȻ̫㲻ǹˡ鲻۫۫뿪ҽΪ˵乫ѧ£ʵˡдѯѧ͵ţΪǹȨ
˭Ҫ˵Ȩʹѧ˭ҪɣֹŮĻҲܡΪ̫һŮ죬ҵվڴ˵أΪң̫֮
۫һ֣̫־ͷۣ˼ɱƽͣѣ飬мŪˣ̫Ǳ֮ĸֻǱ֮Ů⻹ǲһġ
ûʲôһ۫ϣǱµѪ̫֮󣬹Ա¡֮ͬǹԱ¡۫кβͬ
۫ӲǱʵ
йԱ¶һ̫Ǽ޽ңҪ޳ȥ䣬֮֮Ů
ԣŮˡ
⻰û˸ڳᡣ
ɫɵۣұµΪʷѧҪΪһҲ£ĪҪ׷ѣĪҪһƬ֮ġ
ѧʿҲٴּ£ͷ±֤ػϹܹѧѪѡҲϧ빫ѧҵΪ𽫹һλ겻Сб¡̫аٹ٣³ҪùģҵίʵѰ
ɵһʱҲѣ˼ʣڹԱĩβУһнĻ𣬡ѧݳ䣬ʳ»йعѧ¹ѧ¹ٷϴˣ蹫ѵʾָ㣡
֤ŵҵ಻ʹΪѧ񡣡ѧнգΪܰﵽѧ
һϮƷɫٷվСβˣĹ񻨹룬ճΡ
ɵ䱳ΣԤڴ飬Ц˵ǾôŰɡҲǺ⣬׹ݳҲ뽫ѧãԹѧչҲʮֹģѧͶģӵܡ޷Ǿٺ棬ʲô¶뿴һйعѧĲʹ׹ݳҪġȥһҲûʲô
ȻŮӵİϧ֮⣬Ҳ֪ˡɵµΪֹ顣
ѧʿû£ͬ˵һȻ󣬵ڸּģҲΨб̫ˡ
޻̸ͬġ
һ񣬡ʥ
ĬĬ˻ԼĶУڳ۵񣬼Ĭ


141 



ĵһһ 
ڳôǹལ֮ʱ,ٟRٰ޵СУСǳ
֣̫ٟRĺϰߣٟRСʱԻ·ĸײײĵСУ,һļϡ
˶λ,һֱԷҲ㡣,ٟRϰߴԼСǡ
ϴһ㶼ʦ̵ĽȭϢϴ,š
ź㿪ʼһѧϰ,һ֬,ٟR,ͼٹܹܽ,Ժѧʿ
ٟRĸܹܣѧʿҵģĸ
ܹٹ,Ҳϵ,һЦūûԴȷ¡
ٟR,ͬĸĸ,˵ѧʿ,ҲЩ,ǰйѧ»,ʲô
Ե,ٹϵٹܹܡ̫ࡢŮ,һĥҲסƫٟRʼٸ߲֣̫ʲôһʱ֪ˡ
ٟRѧʿ˵
˳ȥʳٟRҲĸ
ѧʿԵ룬ȸ֣̫밲ٟRٟRǵһμѧʿҲ˹ĸɾҲһ˿ѧʿҲһָ߶ʣѧʿɣһ£
ѧʿԼûѧʿǹȫ̵Ĵ֪ﻹлأ۶ǰΪ
ٟRѾЩѧʿζˣװβǵһ䣬⻰Ӻ˵𣿡
ʱΣҲӦ֮ΪѧЩǳص۶κԺԭµл޵£ѧٲн󡣵¶Թѧٽ֮ѧʿзǳЩ£ﶼסظžŮб𣬹һֱδ֪شʽǰ£һΪΪл
˵꣬ٴ֣
ٟR˵ôܹȥڸּѧʿҲûôˣѲλĵ㻯ͻȻˣ
ٟRδϲŭɫͣһ򶨣鶯˶˲ض˵
ѧʿ£ٟRüĿֻܶŵש˵⻹ǸˡٟRѧ˵ֹϽҲǳ͢š͢ǻʼҵĳ֪͢ѧףȻҪĵġΪΣͬҲǺֵΣԣл
ˡѵκԺûҵлھҪû˵ǶΪ˹ѧС˵˭ܹѧҲùܣǻʼҲùܡ
ٟRĻѧʿľѧʿ½ԭӦõΪ͢·ģ˵ѧҵιȥ
ѧڰʱһûֹģοڹѧ죬а׹ݳģ͸ҷˡٟRѧʿ׹ݳ˰ɣ
糯ܰ׹ݳһѧʿֹ
ٟR˵׹ݳǸµˡѧƹܣֻܷġ
ѧʿֻΨΨǡ
ڹѧˣٟRʡ
ѧʿá
װľѧѧĶˣٟRʡ
ѧʿһʱٟR⣬ţѧҪĽĵط
һʱѧʿҲͨ䣬ǰȥ˹ѧŲѧҪɢЩѧЩ
ٟRû˵ʲôѧʿȥģȥĲݣڴУ齲ΣļʵóƵڲõķʳĲһأͦʵڵġͷʳ»ûˣѧѧУ÷絽ѧѧϽЩѧҪȲݿЩҪЩ
ٟR࣬ѧ½׹ݳãϾܣҲǶϤ
˵꣬ѧʿûȥɣҲҪѧȥˡJ
ѧʿ¡
ٟRλѧʿ۲ߣ뵽һ£ĸĸѧʿߺѧʿƺ֣ѧʿһλֵô
ô뵽ˣ
ҿѧʿѰʦȥֽʷʦĿɺˡٟRһᣬȴ֣̫Ŀ֣̫Ҳ㸸ʡֵ˼
˾ʱˣδٶԣĸиͬ˾һȥˡ
һ ʷ̫ĿΣʷ̫ڿλǰƽȡݵӡһӵϢȲʱ䣬ʷ̫Ϊȫ޴˱Ҫ
ٟRë̫࣬ʲôҲˡ
ٟR˺ȲԵ֮ʷ̫Ͻݣʷ̫Ҳȥ԰վվм˽ٟRȴЩ顣
ŲӻãΧ٫hͷϵ˵Цʷ̫³̾һȺСѾͷҵɶ
ʷ̫ԼλãûǾͼϿΡ
ٟRһɳ©ʦ⻹ûʱġ
ǲҲûô˵˵ݵʱ仹顣
ЪЪЪһӡ
ͯʷָ̫ٟR˸塣
ٟRҪĥһٿʼ飬ʷ̫Ҳûֱֻڶ νʷ̫ʰԶԶŵһ󵭵ǾޱǾޱŨϮˣý٣Ǿޱı뿵ˡ
ţȷʷѧΡ
ãʷ̫һ˫ַٟRеǽһ¼ʵ³ſϾλһͬμӳǽľʽ
ٟR˽ӹʷʦ˵ҵпաûգʷʦӣҲȳ
ʷ̫ʵٟRȥɿٟRϲã˵Ҳ˰һŰҲ¶ů⣬ŰʱɡǽɶԮ֣޺ˣҲ빫ȥһ
ҶȥġٟRЦӦ£ʷ̫˵ֵ˵֪ܸģĪɡȻϲҡ
ʷ̫ɶ֪ܸģҲǰֻûС˼ôٺ»ۺüأһ֪ܸˣ
ʷ̫һŵ䣬Ǿޱǰʷ̫ûøٟRһ¡
ʦˡٟRʾ鲻ضʷ̫Ե£΢΢ףǴ˸кٟͬRˡ
ٟRȻ̸ӽ˾ţʦǷʲô𣿡
Լ˷裬ºдʡ
һ磬ѧʿ밲ˡʷʦҲȥμӳǽľʽٟR˵
赭дҲûԵ£糯٣ٲֹѧ£ȥˡ
һΧ˹ȷѧʿظߵҲʷ̫²ԸٟR顣ｫ糯йٟR¸ٟR
ٟR˵ûﺲ֣Ǹң
˵ڸּ˺棬ɲô
ѧʿϱ˳ѧҲдּٟR˵һ磬ⲻǡ
ҪԼԣʲôǰٟRѧʿһŪͿˣϲûγɣ̾ˣ
ٟRѧʿ˸૵ǰѧʿĸ¿һӲá
иͺá
ٟRʣʦû˰˵
ţ׹ݳؼʱ̬ȡ͹ۣǵηηβģ
ٟRˣ׹ݳǸˡ
⻰вˬٟRҲֹ֧˺òãͰƷС٣ʲôѧʿӲܡ
ǣٟR˵ҪʦңҵóԸ
Ұɲװ
ôװٟRЦʡ
֡
ٟRɴ۾ûס֡ɶ˼ȣӼ಻һֱŹѧҲ޸ôûǮҪлǹӼǧӾԹˡ
ٟR
ٟR²ʶ˼̻Ҳţʦ˵ͦġ


142 



ĵһĶ 
ʦҪǧ,ٟRСˣֻܾﲻԡչ֣ҲǴ۵Сۣ٫h̫,˵,˲ߣԲ̸ô٫hеĶ
٫hֱ˵дĿ,֣˵Ǿ,ʦ,ϵ,ôӱǮ,ɲʦݡ
ʲôݣһҡȣ,ǵʷѧʦ
֣ͷǰֲ,ʦ湫˵Ӧô,ôҪӰ
ң̹ѧѧѧģϳʦ,Ҳѵ,ô湫˵鷴,а㸸,λڸ߹,ô湫˵
֣ʦʸͷ,ֱϻ,ǰҲϳģô湫˵乫
֣չչҲЩ˼Ƕǳãʲô¶ǡڣеʹ͸ǡƽʱӰ룬˵ǰҲԼСԺӣҲСʹ˵ԽĻǼãҲû顣
ڳܵڵǸԼоȻû湫ڳ˵乫
ڣչһչ˵µؼңһʸ׵ġԼ뷨ҲסҸôԼ˵κʱҶǸվһġ⻰Ҹ˵ڱĵطһ˵
̸֣ϣҲǡһؼҲҵҲԶվһ
ӱԶû֣˵ΣȻҲǸٟRһġ
٫hãȻ޴ĿٟRۿתΪǶԵģ游վ棬ԺѧʿһġٟRȥ٫h˵hh㣬ôˣаٹٸи뷨۫һܹŰ壬Ůӣ֧Ҳйġ
٫hԽҪһЩһ֣࣬٫hŷӦ游˼֣˼ҲðοٟR˵룬ȷ游ͣһЩͿġ
٫hĵطڣ游ǵŰ壬˵ͨ˷ǳִ϶Щ£Ȱһأһ١֪Լռɲ֪ô£游һңԴͰѵˣź¡
٫hԼԼûãٟܵRĸٟR˵ÿ춼ŬӣԺ϶ܰѵס˵游Ҿ͸˵
۫ôȥhhԺ϶սȺ塣ٟR֪٫hС㾭
սȺȽѣŬ٫hر˵
šٟRͷ
飬ٟRʶʦվڳ֧ԼжôѵˡٟR˵ʦҪҲΪԼΪ˹ӼࡣӼҲǹѧһͬʣǧôʦ㲻˵˵ֻҪУҶġ
ⲻԩͷô͢ûȱӵţ㵹ƣжǮٟRĲһ²ۣȻǸ˭˭ˡ
ٟR˵ҲҼҵİ
Ц㿴̫£˭˽óˣ
ٟRһҭ飬϶Եʵġ
пղ룬ʲôԵʡһҡӣɳ©Ҳ¿ʱˣʲôʱӡˡ
Сһһٹø㡣
һֱڲ˾ǲòٟR£ǧ߰ٶûǧӡ
ٟR󾪣ҲüⶫôôǧӶûУ
˾ٟRͣ£͢ٺİ̫ƫ£̫ڿٲÿٺꡣԵ궼Уһǧ˰ƽʱżдͣһǧǧ߰ҡģǵµΡ鱦ϵӡ
ٟRƽһʶԭԼô
һ䣬¼ѣѾӦˡҳ˵ǰͷһֲ١
ٟR۾Ƴһ׷ծ飬пʦ˷ѣƾҪծı£ְǡ
麬ЦǫѷлʶǸϲ񲿡
ȻǮٟRҲûˣǸʦˡٟRҲû뵽Ӳ뷨ӣٸɡ
ǵиʱڣȻʮ뵽ӡʮʦҪϻˡ
ǲܣƾʦŻøɵʮ塣ٟR˵ɡҾͰӸ㡣
ɡ˵ұˣͲõдǷˡ
ٟR˵ʦ¿òųؽϡٟRֻڱ֤úãһ͸ʦ
Ȼ£ҲµҪ̫Щӣ
ٟR⻹ò°ҵʦ裬Ҳܽ衣
Ȼ衣ҪҪġб鰸βһؼЦֱŲߵĺ꣬һǧҶ̫Ǯ¡
ܡҪĶĸûвҵģٟRţĸ᲻Ǯ
Цһ£ӣָչＸ֤±ˡҪܴ̫ǶǮҾһǧ
֣죬һǧľͶǧҪ̫ӣǧӵʦᶼᣬԼӣ㹫Ӽģ
ЦٟRû⣬¸Ҳң
ٟRȻңչһ䣬ʦżٟR֣ԶһЩĵطӱ٫hҲȥСǴһСֹչ˵ʦɲɵͻȻģаա
֣˵֣Ǻ⣬ʦ׷ծƵҪǮҿ¶أͶһǧġ
֣ƽѰ˼˵̫Թð˵ǧӣҲãô᲻ء
ٟRҲģģĸ϶ҵġ
չʽӱ٫h˵أ
ӱ˵ǧҲǴĿ̫϶ġ
٫hʦǱ߶ȥʦЦ߶ƶʤӾͱˡ٫hС˵ҿʦ˵ҪСˡǸصӣС˵ҪٶЩ
֣ӱչ٫h22
ٟRˣչ٫hģҲҪʦǮǸѵӵģ֪ӡֲҪҲǸʦŴռˡ


143 
ٟRƶ˶Լ,ҲѧˣȥӼ,Ҿ͵ȵµˡ
ٟRԼĶԼҲ,طҪʦ,ô
ײ£Լ,ٟR˵Ц뿪ѧ,ٹſ,ʦ˻һ,ٟR˽ȥ鷽Լȥ
ԴԼСԺ,ٟRȻСԺϴϴ֣ĸȥҲ⡣
֣̫˵,Щ
¡ٟRĸ,ĸȫ˵ˣʦ˵糯ϵˣԭѧʿһ,ҿʦף˵˹
Ȼ֣̫֣̫Ц,뿵һֱ,Ҳ,ҳ˵
֣̲ס,ĸ,ɶ,ʦҪġΪҲס֣̫ߣҲ㶼Ŀڣһлĸˡ
֣̫⣬Ϊڳ氢R˵£
һͷӱ˵ʦ˵ˣҪлֱ֣಻٣ǧҪȥӼá
֣̫̿ʣôˣ
ٟR̾ԭţǧҲ࣬ʦֲԼãΪӼ࣬ҾʹӦˡû뵽˵ҿӲֻǧ߰һǧĸһǧӰɡӣٻ
ٟRţ¶ʮþȣҲǰҪĸӣ˾ܻġ
֣ҲΪֲʲô£һǧҲǴĿ˵һǧˣһʮ̫Ҳø
û뵽֣̫ϵĲ裬˵˾䣬Ҫ㿴ʲôΡȹӣҪж١Ҫӳл뿵뿵£ҲأҲǮ
ٟRĲᣬ裿ĸ治Ұ
֣̫ףԼ¡뿵˵ǧáˣٷȱҲϲԼӡ
ٟR˵ⲻǲĸô
Ҳ衣֣̫Լܾ࣬ĸɴ䡣
ٟRƤĺӣĸ裬ĸ
֣ӱһ߶˵飬ǰĸͽ°ɣһǧҲܶࡣͽһء
֣̫ԭ򣬡Լ˽Լ˽ԼǮûİ
֣ģҪ裬ɶɶʦǧǲǸʦô⻰ֲ˵˵ΥԼˡ
֣̫ȴһƳػй£˵Ҳô£Ҫ͹Ӽ࣬ԼҲһǰRҪʹ͹Ӽ࣬Լȥ취ﲻ衣
ĸ治裬ٟRȵ˵ɽʦ˵ˣһǧرһˡ
ӱѴĵ¶֣̫󣬽ӱֱ֣ĸ˵ʦ໵ѽҪģǿ϶벻ⲻֽӹǧôһˡ
֣̫˪ӵٟRЦ˵Ҳ룬뿵ģѵܰӸ㣿Ȼаա
ҲаհٟRܱߣջȰ˵һǧͺãҾĸһܽӣҲŶǧġ˵ǴԵĳĸ֣̫
֣̫һǸӦöԽ룬뿵پ飬δܾ֮꣬Ӵ˸λй֮
ٟRֻСһ̯˵ɶˣһǧǧŹˡ
֣̫һ˵Լļġ
ֺЦǰҲ𼱣ţԱ뷨ӡ
֣ûҰԵ㣿Ȼ˶ԼԽԽٟRһᣬˣ
ЦȻˡȥŷųģһɽȪˮ˽һ㣬ˡ
ٟR˵۾ֵ֣̫ͬ㴫Űɡ
綼ûٳԣٟRһθںãӱҲӵͣС̬ٟRһϰ佡ϰߣθڶͬҪáٟRһ̹ʣ˵Լϲʲôϲʲô
ڲ˲֮Ĺأ֣̫ûеġ
ҲˣĶûƫϲá
ùţٟRûԼСԺĸһ˯֣̫ͷֵۣҡS
˭㲻ӸҡٟRһǮģĿֱ׳Ķֱ࣬һ˵ĸϣ֣̫󳯺£Ǻһ
ĸٟRϴ£ֻ֣̫ñȥ˾ǣôҲûѧ˹
ô˹ˣͷ˹ˡٟR˵ĸСʱ򲻻ô
Сʱô
ԶСʱ򡣡
Ҳû·֣̫һţٟR֣̫ȹһţ£㸸Сʱ򶼲㡣
˯ȹٟRʣҸСʱʲô
֣̫룬˵˹ġ
Ҳ˹ġٟR˾ǰ͵ȹӣһĶɫϸȹԼ˹ĵĲˡ
֣̫ҲȥλٟRһ˯
ַɴʣŽ˳ȥ
ٟRڴ࣬Ҳ£Ķĸ˵ĸӣҾǴġ
֣̫֪粻Ҫ߶߶£ָָٟRĸڴͷ֣̫㿿ٟR˵Ķˣ
ĸ밡ֲȥʦ˽ãǸӼཨõģ¡ȻýˣԺỹġĸɲСˡ
֣̫֧ͷٟRһСԲѧŽõʱ񲿾ϹˡõģûӣҪҲûС걱ѾҪɽֻŴ룬ϸƫ֡ԭʵŽţǧͷܲ֡˵˵ļõҪ
ٟRסٹЩҲ䣬ٟR˵ҪǻӲ֣ԸӾ
˵ļò˴£ѵһǮᣬҪûʼ˽⣿֣̫ʵѾ˽Ⲧӣ㣬˽Բô죿
ٟR룬޷Ǿӵĵطȼֵĵط
ûأ֣̫ʡ
ܲȫ¶ְɣٟR˵Ҫֵĵط̫࣬ټһ취ýڼڼ󣬸ȥæȥæ
ǶԵģԾ񣬾͵иӦԵķӡУֻӣӵĹҲ뷨ӵĹֱ̡֣̫˵˽óҲԵİ취
ʲô취
͢Եطط˰ἰʱ鵱ĶĶ̲Ҳãطٻ뵱ʿЩǮնɹѹء֣̫ķӡ
ٟRͦ棬ĸҪӸҡ
֣̫ûסЦҶӦѾӸ㣿Ű죬Ͻΰɡ
ٟRӼ⣬ЦҾʡҪ裬ȰҸʸִǾء
ǾǾ裬Ҳ
ٟRָֹƻûǮġʶǿĸ㣬㶼ңһǧĸʣĸٟRܽ˻һ顣
֣̫߶һ飬һӾͰѺͷʮȥˡ
˵ǰ¡ٟRûɶ˵ĸ˳һҲֻô
ǲǡ֣̫˳ڹʱÿİЩӲǸõġƽʱڹһӦй﹩ӦĶùԼӡǰׯ̸ۡ⣬дģֻǲܸӱȡÿһٺ룬ǧ
ٟRƾɶͼ밡
֣̫Ҫأÿ٣İ١
ٟRʲôƹأǸʵĶŮզҾٶ١
ⲻ㲹ô
¡ٟRЩ¸鶯£ͺһûգˣҷǸĸƹزɣ
֣̫ͬ⻰ǰ˵һӵļôɡ


144 



ĵһ 
,ٟRǮƻҲûܳɹ֣ĸȻǮ
ɵ˵Ůǧļ,ǹЦ,ʾԵ˵,ӲʲôһԼҪл飬ǴˡĲ,Ҳ㡣
ʲôĲٟRԼǶĲ,࿴ȥ,˵,˵ĶԡﻹģĲǶϰ°Ҳԡ
˵˲ǶĲ,ǴģһٟRǿ
һǧ⻹ǶĲܲͬöǮ¡
ٟR,ֲ,˵ҡ˭˵ң˭ͽӡ
ɵ֣߳Բ˵,ҿɲ˵ˣ⻰߯󡣡
ٟRһ,ֳһȥֺ밲,Ҳûܽ,ĸһ˵Ҫһ,ʱ缦,ü䡣ҪٟRҪ,ƻ߶߶
ȻĸҲһӶûеġ
ٟR˵һôôٰ
СߣչĹĵģС֪ΪӷС˵ӦԺȥˣҾͰӸ㲹ϡ
˵ǲǶˡٟRϰԵķ۾͵һʴ磬磬ϽӸң
ãʲô費ģӦ飬ȻҪӸġ༫źҾְӸ͹ȥJG
磬Ҳǧأôô
ͷ˵СĿȴҲǺܴ󡣡
ٟR磬һҲӵȻҴ꣬ҲͱҶǧҪңƽʱʲô
һЩ˼ܻе˽
⻰Щ壬ٟRǸ汦͸ɶ˽㻹˽
˵ˡ
֪ٟRһʣһãס͸˵ˣĸһЩ
ٟR˵ƽʱӲô
ġڹҲòӣһ곣г͸Щ
ٟRǼֳɺˣٟRҪĸƫ۶˵ôֻܸ㣬Ұ
ҶǴˣ㻹Сġǣõ֣֮ΪˣĸȻҲġ
ǿ˵׼ĸƫ۶ˡٟR͸ͷЩŮĸһ
˵ĻعȥĸǱһӵĺóʳҰԵģҲ㰮Եģ㰮ԵĶࡣ
죬ⲻԣǲԵģɶԡ
źģ˭㲻
ǡֳ
źԼָٟRƱһƱٟR˵ְӸңô
λһԲܺЦ·ʹɣǵﻹЩá
ٟR˾ˣһˣٟR˾ǴȥԲ衣
䣬ٟRҲͷˡ֣˶ٟR˵ԭһ˴˽һӻкüǧĲࡣ֣룬Ҫǹʵڴղӣ֣ʹӳʹ
Ȼⷨû˵
½Ӹ˶ģ֣˵ȸʦһǵһǣ£ڹòӣԶ㣬ͷѰЩ׬Ǯơ
չҲͬ⻰ȻҪƾʮܻµ
٫h˵Ҫô׬Ǯأ˵ͷ׬Ǯׯճ֮ࡣ
ӱͷˡ
ٟR棬ׯ֪񸮾Ҫׯ
֣˵ׯׯͷÿʳճɣóȥʳǮ˸ׯϵ軧ģʣµıҵճɡ
ٟRҲʶԼȽȱǮ˵һĸһǧӦһЩأׯճôɡ
˵ʱǣԼԺϢߺ˾ǷٟRϴٟRҪݸ裬˵ˮ£빫¹ȥԡ
ٟRĶིСԡͰҲкüʮõֻģٟRԡͰ˾Ǹϴܶ࣬Ц߶㣬Ӵ
Ķ

һ
˾һ趹һ飬ͷҲϴĸɸɾ˴ԡͰ̳ɾϸɣͷٸٟR࣬һۣģٟRҲ˯ڴϻҪһ߶ͷһ߶˾Ǹ˯ǰ¡
ٟRҲ˾ǣ˵ĸƫ۶Ȼ͵͵ӣҡ
ô˵µöΪѰԭǵղӣóµġ˾СٟRͷ
֪Ҳû˵ٟRһĸǸƫ۶֪ƫ֣ƫӡ
ָгж̣ıƫġ˾ǲû˵Щ԰οٟRǵ˵һ䡣
ôƫأһĶŮ
ڻʼң֪¡˾ǵͷƶ˼ңһãŮӡԺЩ˼ңҲȹӶ飬ŵڣҲвʶֵŮٴļ壬ûжӣʮŮҲо󡣼ʹŮٳТ˳ҲȲһ˶ӣ𡣡
ͷٟRһ
󲿷֡˾˵ڿŮģǼﲻȱġ
ٟR𾪵˵ǿ̫ˡ
˾Ǵһǧ궼
ٟRŤͷ˾ǣ˾Ǵ۾ٟRͷٟRʣ裬Ҳ𣿡
˾ǵͷй֮޲
ٟRһ˾Ǿ͸չ˾ٟRߵʱҪٟRҲһֱ˾ǵԼİĸף˾˵ʱٟۡR˵裬ѹǴ㲻ãҴáһӶһ𣬵ˣҸϡ
˾ݸüٟRҲѹǶҲãҵˣҲǹƨһ㡣
ٟRꡱЦˣͷСԴ˵Ķԣ͸
˾һ֡
˾һٟRҲͰĸֳ˽ԺȥˡĸǺƫģĸðҲãҲһˮƽġ
ٟR㣬ĸһƽϡ
ڶϿΣٟRƱ顣
˵㣬ȷһ׵һ񣬡лʹͣӼýɣ٣ҲйӼʦ֪
һ˵ٟRӶʦıԹûˣٟRһ֣Ӳ࣬ҪУһܶʹЩġ
һٟR˵Ӽ״۶ļ£ǶסԼʵ·ԶģסڹӼࡣѧʵЩƶģӹĺܲסǹѧ³̸ѣҲЧ¹ѧÿ꿼һأɼõѧЩ
ⷨǺõġٟRѾˣӲ֣ǰɣ
鴽һ̣ȭһӢˡ
֣̲סһ䣬ԭʦֻҪǧһӣôҲܽʡǧɼõļɣ
ߥޣǧӣ֣ھεģִ⣬
Ӽмһǧ룬ÿ꿼ǰʮȥʳ޷áȻÿ¶ӵĲǧӣͷһǹģֻΪ̡ȫ֣̬ȣֻٟR飬Ե£ᡣӼ಻һҲǹѧѧ˲ŵĵطŴΪֻǳ͢ҲѣӣҲġ˵űǳһ̾
ٟR屡죬˵ٟRʱ͵ҲһͶӣһʦȥáţʲôʱҸƻÿöӣҪǲ࣬Ұ뷨ӡ
ԴϲָٟRҾһҾл£ͰѼƻӼãͲˡ
ٟRһӦ£Уֻ
֣չﶼûüٟRͰӦˡ֣һⲻǸʦһأԺҪӼӰһӵĶŪЩӰٟRż
չëһգ򴽣ʦ
ʦһƣѶ𣬡ˣ˵ͿʼϿΰɣճ͸½һǰĩƶȡ


145 



ĵһ S
ʵ,Ӧÿǧľ
֣һΪ·
һ
Ͽ棬¿˵Ц,ٹ˵,ҲЦأ֣ʵ̲ס,һϲľƴ㶼û£˵,ʦǿ,С,
ٟRҨһ׽,֪ʦҲΪ˹ӼѧǣΪԼ,ҾʹӦˡ
ӦףӴĶأÿǧٺ֣ǵʵ֣,ǧҲСĿ
ⲻõ,зӡٟRֻƶҧһڣûĸ֣̫,Ҳû¶Եʮء
ð,ٟRѧ,ûֳ,һѧ˵,ĸ,¸ĸ,ȥĸ밲ˡ
֣̫֪ٟR˵ӴĶģ֣̫Ҳƣֻȥɡ˾ǸٟRϣ֣̫ûʲôĵġ
ٟRȥĸ֣ʺǶʡ˵仰ģٟRǹ֣ʺȥĸסֺ
ٟRʱٟRһˣôô磬ûһ𣿡
¸ĸ˵
һԸŮȥСҽĵûЩ
Ůȥģʣʲô£
ٟRڴ˰ڰ֣ʾ£Цôصģףˡ
ٟRߵĴҲ˳ȥ˾ٟRϡٟR¶裬͸ĸ˵ˣ˶࣬ĸ޹⣿
ʲô°һ޹⣿ʡ
Ȼƽʱڿ˵ۻֻҪңأԭǼٵģٟR죬˵
Ļ˵˵ĶˣСֻиģƽʱʲôöͷһģٟRָ
˽ǮͲͷһҵģȻֻһˣѵĸĺӣٟRߵ˵
ӴӴô֪ģæٟR˵ô£ֳʱʱҪɲȹǮĵط࣬һǹʲôٲҵòһЩ
ǰRðĸڹ㹬Ǯĵط§ٟRЦеĺ
ȻСֶپ͵øҶ٣ٟRȻƫ۶
ҪǮʲôѽ
ʲôҾҲҪеҾ͵УҪңҾ͸ʸ״ĸ״ٟRС첲˵ôҪǮûˣѵͲˣһ³һ죬Ҳһ³һ졣
ôӲʩʵĥû˷ӡҲʵǣٟRһ򲻱ºͶ£Ҫ¶óȥ¾ͲˡͷۣˣлˡҲûôǮ
ٺŪҡҾͲĸû˽
ʲôͣʲôͰ
ٟR˵üʮ갡㶼ʮ˰ɡ
ƣӣ֪ˣң֪ҪǮôѧѧôТ˳ң
ĶТ˳ˡÿ춼Ǹһĸ밲춼û¡ĸ㣬ƫ۶
ĸŮָһأίʵٟRŮĲģ˵˭ҹŮƵģֵܱȼ硣
ﲻȰҸʲô𰡣
ġֲõƽʱԺ־ˡ
һʷʦ޳ǽģѧĲʹҲҹܵģһӼһӡļʹٟRϲСƣ°Լ׮׮˳
ʣһˡ
ٟRüëһĵͷ
Ѿͨˣģ
ǰҪô֪ôƫ۶ġٟRۣصĺһ
ѽôùӼĻᣬҲǣʲôãðȥ裬Ҳø
ҾúٟRֳĸǼõģȴʮֲĸ˵Ļ
㶮ʲôѽԺأЩǣǺòģðøԺҲǴ򽻵ٟ̾RԭϴģͲСǰԺˣаȫ
ĸ˵ʲôٟRĸֱߵù󳼣ѧʿԵٹĲǡûǣǸˡ
ǱߵĲ񻰡ݸߣʵڹ޳ĪЩڳϣʲôǲܵġźռ룬ǺԺŵϺŵĹ٣ֳġŲϺŵģǶɽⲻǰѶ˵ͷӶô
ʦһǺֳģʦռߡ˵һζҪСƵġٟRԵӴ󣬡Ƕ˵ͷ¶ˣҲΪʼµġϰգҡ
˵㣬ʲôʱײͷѪ֪ˡ
붫˵˽¶
ϱǷѾͷεһٟRŶȥȡǮϻһӸٟRһŲƣӴġ
ʣˡǮϻ˵ٟRǮҲΪĸҾġڵѲǵĲʹϸģֻڳ˵ϻǨˡ
ֹʱûʹģǵҲС꣬˭ҵСٶٟRƱ˾Ǳܣͬĸ˵ĸҵģֲĸҵĻ¸ôҵ˽ðĸٲɣ
ڹٺޣƽʱ޷ĸҡȻΪĶġ
ٟRЦҲĸĹŮĸ֪㣬Ͳ֪ҡҪҪⱲҲӡ
ٷϻҵǮڿҡѪżȳǮ͵ٟR֪ж§ٟR˵ҵļ
Ҳû߶߶䣬ٟRѰͷߵʱˡ
ŶӣҲԹ䡣֪ٟRĸһˮƽЦ˵Ӧÿǧӵľ
š
Ǻ¡࿴ĸ¶ɻ󣬱ͬĸ˵˵ѧÿҲԹκõѧнӼѰռҵĺӣÿһЩȻǺõġ
󣬡¶ظȥٟͬRҵģʹ֡
ʦֲʶٟ֡Rҽʶѵʦһ͸˵ÿӼǧӰɣ¶Ρ
ʲôεģǻӣӦĹѧѧô֪ʩѧĺô
Ȳ˼ĸѧ»æӼ¾ðRȥɣҾǸ˵һӲRҪ£ŸҪӵġ
Ҳø㡣
ٟRҪˣЦ鲢˽ҲδӼ֮£óȻ֣Ρ
δ֮⣬ȨһǵǾˡ˵ҲĺõѧʣлʶҪʶһµġ
ٟR˵齻лʶ
еǻᡣѧʿˣֿ϶ҪѡʷѧʦѧʣʦʷѧΣ
˵ѧʿκԺѧʿĲ
ѧʿˣƷԲãԶѧʿٟR磬磬㻹ʦʹѡʦҲѡһλƷѧŵ
൹û˵ѧʿƷϾҲ֪ѧʿٟR˳ѧ֮¡࿴ͻ˵»ûʱR˵ѧʶãпҲҽһΡ
ʱͬʽɡʦĺܺá
࣬ţð
ٟRֳԼҲüһ䣬Ц
ʱŹ֪ǳһһĴ󳼣óٹĴ󳼽ãּ֮¡
ŮǰҶǰ̹ŮҲܰæ´󳩣ҲƽϱٟRҪߵ˽˵Ů˵


146 



ĵһ 
һʱ,ɵᵽʷѧ£ĥţԶѧʶ,ѧЩ˷ѡöಹʷѧȱ
࿴ٟRһ,ѧʼ,Ӷû뵽
ٟR˵ԭһʦܸҸġ,ʦҲܺáҲٟRѧ,β
ɵ۵,ѧʶҲ,ֻǲء
ٟR˵ǵȻ,ʦʱ򣬻ʦѧġֻҪѧʿͺá
ɵۺЦѧʿӵ¶ġ
Ǿѧʿ̫Բ,û,ѧʿˡΪ˱ԼأٟRѧʿһ˵ѧʿֻ۹ⲻ,ѧʿƷ⡣
Ķáɵ۴Ȥ
Ƕȱ㡣ȻѧʿڳԼٟRҲѧʿһ,Ϊ̹,Ǿ¡ֵ,ȻòС
ɵһЦ,Ҳˡĸ,ûֱӵڸּɵ۵,¿ɲٸˣʷ̨΢顣
ҲǸڸּǸѧʿġǲ˵ѧôҸ죬Ҳֱǰ˵ֻдûظ͹ȥˡٟRܻԼΪ͡
£һǸĸ
ʣİɣ֪ġ
ٟRûѧʿ·ϣ̸ۡǣڳԣǽΨһӣƷڳпڽԱ֪λ´ºѧϰ̿࣬ܳΪǳвٴ֮õ
ѧʿѧʿӹԺѧʿĲʹȴûܼ̳ѧʿµĻʦλãɵյ㶡ʥּһ£ѧʿҲֻܽź֪Լ˲๫һµǣ
˺󻰣Ҳᡣ
ת۱գչＸ˶Ҫؼ壬ٟR֮Ӽιۡ
ٟRܸ˵Ľ롣
һ㵽ٹ֣̫ҲٟRȥӼࡣڣ֣̫ܷģԶˡ
ӼģĴ󣬾˵ѧһǧˡ
ãٟRû˳ԼСйӵСҲȫͻ
һƥɫߵٟR˵ʹӡٟRĲʦǲǹġ
֪㲻˳ǵ鴹һٟRİ̿
͵ЦٟRΪĺһ
鰲ο㻹СģȻССʱĶСҶ򡣡
ٟRܾȣʣʦҲô
ȻˡҼļ磬ֻǣţǻҪͷ۵糸
Ҳô磿ٟRţСġ
Ҽҵһ˵ʱҲ󡣡
ʦ䣬㵽˹Ӽࡣ
ӼȸֲԶڹԺ߶ϡԺſʱ黹ָԺָٟR⣬ʱܿš
ٟRһ۹ԺšͭŶͷԺдɡ
ӼſΪ֣ѧӳﲻЩ֧̯С̷ſ⡣ʱѻĹӳ룬Ҳдڽѧӣ⵱ˣҲнеġ
ٟRſſؽȻϵ飬Сǰ̡ȴһ֣ȵٟRߣٟRָָԺá
æӦˡ
򵼣ٟRӼιۡ
ٟRһӣɫСȹӣͷŮͯĴ٣һֻµķˮգЩСŮĽΡ滹˾ǵŮٹˣҲѰ磬ӼǵһôŮ͵áĶעĿ
ٟRǹ߳עĿݣΪ⡣ٟR󷽷ȥˣĿǹӼп˼һΪϲĽ·ϽֵãѰ˼ȴֲãһȹ֮ҷֲ
ӼЩͷȡ伪֮⡣
⻱úü˰ɣ
ٶˡ˽¹ǻʱֶǻ㡣
ǵöÿٟRڸĻп
˵䣬ӼƴҴҸǵһμٟRһҾҾȥӼ
ٟR˵ͬʦ壬ƴôûؼϢ
ʵش𣬡֮ǰ˸¹˵ҪӼֲ࣬˶룬¹پǰˡԾһˣûйӼ˾ҵʿһȺ
ܺãǾ㿴ٟR˵ƴ˿϶ϤӼ࣬ǹ䡣
Ȼ׼
ʵԺ룬Ӽ޷ҲѧĽң⻹дݣķᣬӼѧԹ飬ҲԹ顣һһ¹黹Աֽī
бѧԷʳã޵ᡣ
벩£֮ͬڹӼѧ࣬ط
УӼļһģѧǳˡ
ԣӼķΧѧвͬ
壬ҲֻǼˡԺѧǺһŵģʳеСˡ
Щ˻ϵϵ飬ԶԶһעĿĻٟRƶ˶ٟRΪģٟR˵ʱԹ̬֣ء
ܽӼĶив¶ȡ
ٟRõĵط˿Ѿī׼ˡ
ҪᣬҵĻҲơٟR˵ҿӼѧôʦ㻹˵ƶѧӣ
֪Ӽѧ֣һһǸѧʶѵšŭѧԭǹٻӵܣҾȽϺá˵ٟR֪
ٟRЩ⣬һΪ涼Ǹѧءԭ
ǰѧƣƼҲ˵˹Ӽ⡣鵱ҲڹӼְԹӼϤٟRƼƵ˵
ӼԭΪָѧʶڵžġ¶˶࣬޵ġѰطϣͯΪʦţͨűȥѧͶɵѧͶ
ܺðĺܵ
ǰƶǺõġֻʵͬͽڶþ˹ɵΣµسǣһҲֻһһڡЩأֻһˣȼּڡһ¶ȥաѧľһЩֻгɼõȥѧƿɴգ۶֮⣬ٺųѧӣһλð
ӼԭΪáӼĽڡʿѡεĹԱǽʿʦõģԣ˶ӼͶꡣ򣬸ţҲɵѡƼӼͶꡣ
ٟRΪӼãǼѧӵġʣʦоٺҲӼô
ûСǰѧ⣬Ӽ໹еѧԹٻ³г㣬͢ӣ䵽ӼͶԭҲǺ⣬ֻļùӼѧøӡҵ󼴿ıȱƷСٶȴɴ˲;ǲؾڿƾ٣õĳҲ뺮ѧвͬҪǣӼ໹еѧͶġ
ҵоʱӼͲˡΥӼĳԡһԺŪûƼǰѧܣƼƶһȭ
ٟR󾪣˸Ҵƣ
ڰ֣ȥܵʱӦˡ
ҲУЩļûٟRʡ
Ѿȥˡ
ٟRȥǰ˵˵ôģǵعٸٷ顣ƼĹӼ࣬Ƽ֮һɿϼһʡǾӱȡ丸϶Ҫһʡ
ٽײߣֻŹٟRӣ˵н֮룬ٟRˡ£ҲЩĹģһůǡԺ󶼰˵İ졣
Ժ²Ͱ˵ٟRԹ飬ӼȹϽʦƼƳôƼί
æʵֲˡ֪һѧ游ǽϴԱȷΪӼҲסʵǹӼ֮ǰ³̲޴ݣԳʹסҲ˾ֻѧĴܣرѧˡ
Ҳʶ£ݶܸģӼôͲܸء
¹˶±ףŹѧƵĶ磬Ҳһġ
ţƣܾͲݸƵĶ磬ӼҲһĹأ֪Ǹʵɡ
ٟR˵Ϳɣôҹ
飬΢΢ףʾлֻ˵̹˵ˣ£ơսپȫ°æӼĲʹ˵󲻴˵СС¹Ӽмǧռһ롣СְͣҲÿ춼ŹӼ¡£ɽ˲ӣ˭Ҳء
ٟRЦ㻹ͦⰡ
Ҳҡǵ˵£ǵպǰ̣Ҳû߹١룬ҪɣáӼǺӵܵͨԸΪ·ˡ


147 



ĵһ 
,ݣεò˹͡û뵽ȴ˵ԸΪ·˵Ļ
ƾ⻰,ٟRһ
,չҲ˼ҡ
չ׼Ҹ̸һ̸뺲Ժѧʿ֮
ԭѧ˭ܣֻҪѧԽԽ,˭ܣѧǳ͢ġչ,ѧʿ̫,Ϊѧ˶Ѫ,ѧʿл,һ仰ûоֱ飬빫˳ѧ,ֱͨ顣
ҡйɵҡ˫Ŀ΢أϥϵè,ĵ˵,Ҳ˵ǲͨ飬ڷۣѧԭϽ,ѧʿʧ飬ȴ˵д
ο,ڹٵڸּ,Ҳѧʿ
Ҳѧʿʧǰչǿ
ˮ,˿˿⡣,̫.ʵۿ,񳯳̫,ǵһּµڸˡ
˵ˣڸǸѧʿĻظչ˵룬ѧʿһֻԸ빫Իˣô죿ϴιѧʿ˵һӻңĶٺѧʿ
⻰ǿˡ۾ŮǰּӡŹ˽ӡּּǸ˭ģѵǰûµʥּּ̫ܲͿ
չһʱƿڡ
ǹİʧǷ̹
չﱻ˵ͷһҵʱҲˡʵڲߡ
²ߣʡ
£ȫ˽ģΪ˰ˡɴΪŮӣԹӡչǺԸͬͨģ̹˵вȥʷʦҪ޳ǽûӣļӣ޳ǽʱʷʦֻ¹ȥѲӣлʶûʹһ䡣ѧʿᣬԭ˵ѧЩͳѧʿŮӣѧʿһܴüӣѹǴȥ̹˸Ѫͷѧʿûѹ
ԹҪּʱһûֱƱۡӹȹ񣬷ã񲻸ˣ
չϣһ£ֻһãҲᱻ˳ЦԽǲ֮ˣһ£Ҳᱻ˽ֵзâôȰأ
ഽһ̣ʵʣ롣
Ǹ㽲һѴҺܺãԵҲ𾴣ңԸֻҪŮӶӹ֪ǶôвŻˡڳеĴǺܼѵġ˵ѧʿʷ̨۫ڳ˵ĲǣȴֻȼΪ˵乫ôأ
ڹߣ֪͢ϵ£ʡ
ʦ˵ġչʦ˵ãһ仰Ϊ
ΪƱҪΪ֪ȷӡһûһĸèƤëèĹң㡣ˣȻвͬ
ʲôչɦɦСè°͡
ʵԸ񣬳йڹ̫пġ
ǵԼôչ׷ʡ
ĲŸӹɵġ˻һչﲻ¶ϲɫҾ֪Ҳ͹ĲŻ
ɡ
չüëʸףŮ֮
ֻˡݣϣһ˲ƵĴǾǣϣӹ¡Żζڸǲ˵ġһ˲ŻҪôŻˡţһҵ
ǣشС񷨱ףΪʲôڵ״˵ĹͬѡҲ˵Ըѡ񷨵ռġ
ڵģһǶԵġ
෴ʣ֤ģǶԵ𣿡
չô֪
ȻĬƬ̺󷽵ǮȨС֮Դ֪֮ʲô𣿡
չ˵вҲвͬҲҪµġ
ִȡһһ棬֮˶ߡãҺãõģõģӳȥ
Դ֪ʲô𣿡ཫֻŵĹҤڵϣһһأɢһأĵǡ
ԴϥϰèҲ˳ϣצӲŪŵϵĹ
֪Ķķ磬չȻЩ䡣ƶס̫ĲƺͣˣͤˮʡչſճһǵĲ輸˵ˮժҲõ룬˵ǴɵģǽͭҲû겻ġˮǰԶԶߣ滹µˮⲻ֮ҲǶ֮ʱ
ʱ䲻һˣǶһ񷨡͹ΰţش͹ΰҵ
չɫׯأ⡣


148 



ĵһİ 
ʱ,Ҳ˵󻰡Щ˵һ仰,Ӣ,ʱ
չҪڰ,ҲҪ㣬ֻһ,˵,ӦòҪҷ񻰵İɣ
չһ,,ԭȡֵ֧ġһʼͱ״ƫȻ޷˵ȡֵ֧Ļ,չ˶ΣҾ˵˵,֪,ڿˡ
ҿͦоġ
˵ף¶ղáչ˵սսġ
Ҫ
ǲ,ҸҲüĸ顣
ɣֲ,ǾͱпࡣֱӸŮһ׼,Ҫ,Ҳ,ҲҪͼ˵ҡ
֪㲻Թչ۾˵
Ҳһ͢,յľٴ롣̧Ҫ,չæסӣһ
Լͦ⡣
ȵԶ
һ¡Թû£ߡ
չҲǿ󣬸è̻һèͷҸСһ
Σ֣ūң¿˵
չèŮӹصˮ˵չ˵ǹӼ£ʦӹǶŪһӣùÿ궼Ӽǧ
Ǻ¡
ܾû򵥡ʦĵλȱӣԵ޹ʵģ͹飿չЩ벻ͨ
ɦɦū°ͣӼһĹأһΪһһһ
չһͨǺ°
һǮһƣŵͶֻһԣ֪ǷӼ񲿹ϽԼļƣҲʱʱŹӼࡣҪһ̫˵ϻˣ˷ǹĪ
չе˵ĵطȴǹڵǧá
ףҸһ顣
ֻ˵
ڹѧһϳͷӼ£һ
չлѧĲʹܹܳӼ£
һаѧӼҲûʲôֱξͳ鲻ˣζǳٶ࣬һԡŶûУͱʲôΰΰҵĻ
չС˼׵ƣЩ⣬빫켸£õϿɡ
㵣ǵĹˡΨд빫Ź¸鼫á٣رȲŻҪ˽ģףͬã˵׽Զ֮ϡһԵʱԼֳˣԸ𣿡
û롣չﲻˣ˵Դ£ҿ϶Ϊǡ
㿼ǵ̫ˡӼĸӣԶڹѧѧ֮ϡ³е£֪±ȹеλġдڣ¸ɡ⣬ףô˽⹫ĹģԹδкô
ţ˵Ķԣǰ뷨̫Щȫչﱻ׵˼䣬򡣲ĵǣ֧ô
֧֡򵥻ش
ΪʲôողҲΪǼ£չﲻ⡣
̫ӼٵӦǷֱĽôظ֮ģټϷֿѧʹǿǿӼԺ⻰˵̫룬ɽѧԭ͵нࡣ
ôأչ档
һЦ˵֧֣Ҳû˵ԡ֮иԿѡ
˵˵ԼĿôչˡ
һѧ֡Ƚͳɼµļһ𣬷ѧ򣬾ž˵ĲӦǲͬġУӼ޷ǾЩݳ޳ɷ磬ɣרѧʣܻӼǱϹ棬سΣһ꣬ܺת
չｫַʽ˶ԱȣȷѷֳӣȻиĺá
΢΢ǳЦڸΪ࣬Ҳ
ʦУչعҰѵת
ʹΪԼܹӰ죬Ů⻰Ƿ˿˿οֻҵһǳڹӼ࣬ȻˡʹܱɣֻҪӼܸãҶ޷ġ
֣
֣ڼҲĸױԹû£ʦմײʵģڳа﹫˵Ҳð﹫˵乫ôѧʿڵأ
֣ɿЦãڹֲʷ̨ںԺѧҲǽ̹Խ͢ء
ʦ˵û֣
ʷ̫Ҳûڳ﹫˵ǣ
ʷʦûǶ֪ġٺ»֣˵´Σɲܸվţ˵˵ɲˡ
֣̫̫Ůǲ͢ˡʷ˵ŲɵĿɲСڹôܸ溲Ժأ
סٹǸĸһģۼҵȻռ߶ˡ֣Ȼ˵
֣̫̫Ц£ͲۡⲻС£ڳϣһ˵Ǳһѷд£ۼȻǸ̫һġ
֣룬Ҳеǵһع߹ۼҿɲû˼ҡ
֣Ҳ˵ʦӹӵ£ԲסҪҸ飬Ҳܶǧ
ο˹ŮһJ
֣ɽӼ¸˸ף֣ӼڱС
֣ɵзԹӼһΪ˲٣ǰ֮ڸٲֹӼƣʷ͵ж˾٣濴ˡ
¼򵥡شģֻ蹫ֹ̫֧Ӽ͹ˡ֣ùȴѹȲˡ
ʱ֣Ҳͨ£ֵùӼӣÿ껹ҪӼǧʩӼ
֣ͻȻ϶̫Ӱ
䣬ǳԴöȣҲֻС¡ǲͬģ֣ҲпǰݵĲʹֿȫӼƣĻȻҪһġ
ʱ
ӼŵٟRҲȻӦ룬Ըֹ֧ӼĸƼƻ
ѵóһΣ黹ٟR˹䣬㡣꣬ȥļ۸ΰ͵ļǮȥͬĵ
ٟR˵ƼƣҲʳǮϰߡ
Ƽʵش𣬡Ӽѧһ겻һ꣬ȴһһ࣬ʴ¼۸ٴһ֪Ƿèˡ
ٟR룬ƼƵǸʵµˡ


149 



ĵһ 
ٟR治ס¶,ع˵𵽹Ӽ£ĸӼǲǺѣʦҰӼ˵
»û,Աԡ
ٟRͲ,ΪʲôҾⲻǻ¡
룬ȥӼ,ʦûùӼӭ׼ڹӼǰ,Ҿͼŭļ,ͷ¥Ŵʳ;ʳ,ѧǼˡеǰĹѧ
֣̫˵,ǰѾŵȥҲֿѧ,һûطǨ˰Զ˴һ,ҲȡԷŵ㡣Ƿֿ,˵ɼ»ĸ
ٟR˵ѵѾŵֳȥʣµϾûŵˣ˵,ѧϰҪԼùʦָ㣬֮ѧĽⶼһ,Ҳûжá
֣̫,,ҲйԱϱ,˵Ӽѧ粻,ѧΡϾӼ಻ǹѧѧСӶĵط,ǳˣֻҪϽѧ󶯸ɸꡣ
ٟRʣԵķô
գعʱҲ磬ǸӶһͬٹٟR˵Ӽ£֣̫ȡۣһ𿴣˵˵
ٟRƼϸӼٿ£дҲ룬ݸʵƼоԻԵĿһһ»һЩ֮صĸѧίʵ
ֱ֧뷴ɣԼмɵ£ҵ˵Ӽѧһ㡣
֣ô֪ģ
˵ġӼǮܾһǮģͲˡ˵Ҫ˵ȸðѾͣˡ
ٟR֣Ӽġ
뵽ӸӼ£ҲǮɡ
ٟR˵϶㲻ã鲻ᾭӪͰͣǲʹͻȻ˾ЩӾ͵û֣ϵãȥ˵˵ȳӲҪȳܰѾͣˡ
һӦ£ɣҰʡ
¶ֻ˵һ룬ٟRõֺʡٹţ±ûᡣ֣̫˽ɵ۵Ļ²ͽӣҲѧϰһ
ɵ۵Ҳã»飬һȡ
ϣӱٟR˵ĻʹҸˣӼȷãʱȳɷ磬ͷҲʲôõģ˵ҪûǮģڹӼͷ粽СҪǮģƽʱĴμ
ٟRйѧľ飬ʣҪǴμμӣҪġ
Ӿ濼ҲûˣӱȴǺܻܵѹ˵ר³ڵ濼׬ӼĽ
£Ϊ񲿣ٟRԿƾٺ˽⣬ԻԵϸ̶ԲᣬҪܲμӣһ֮£šӼྐྵ£
ӱС˵˵ǰ¼κ¼ݲһأ˲ٰӣˡ˵¼Ǹˡ
ҿƼϺˡٟR˵̵ġ
ӱЦ˲¶ࡣھУߵĺӣһ͡˹ɵģʤˡ
ٟRҲЦˣҲǡ
һ˵һ¡ӱƼƸյξкݵģӼĳţʷ̨в࣬Ƽƻš
¶ôܹƼƣҲǸյΡ
ǰסҲ˵£Ƽƾ˵ˣԺҪӼ࣬Ӧʣͼ١²ʣʹǹ١
⸸ôܲʣٟRһЦƼΪӼൽز黬̥ǿɲס
ҿȹѧǿĶȥӱҡͷ
ٟRʣͰȥԾƣ϶ְɣӱýȥ͡
˵£ӱԽһҲˡҴţҿ˼Ҳȥֻ죬óȻ
㿴ٟRʡ
ͳһؾƣҸҸȥȻȫ
ҲǡٟRüӱ˵Ҷϲ﹫Ů
ӱǾͲȥǹҪ˭ӣǱϲ㲻οҲ˵ϲӣƷͬǻҹȷҪЩġ
ݵ¶ܾűŤ
ǾͲҪȥӱСٟRĸҲϲ﹫
ٟRһ֣֪
ӱҲЦˣٟRмСŮҲһ۶ˣԽǱ߶Ҳ࣬ҿҲ۶ĻŮ⡣
ºмΪϸ񣬾ǷþλҲÿƩλãڹѧĳ⣬ΪӵӣⱲǱ뿿̵λġ
ڣǳӣ
һգţǸңֵܷۣҲǼ޵ġ
֮ŮͬŮӲУοؾľλҲֻŮһ˶ѡ
ʶ͢ŮľλǱȽϿɵġ
ӱֻǰ˵ٟR֪ٟRȻ˵˵ƽĸؼƽܸ֮Ů⿤ĶŮûλС
ӱҲû취£ĶŮңĶŮѾѽ
ٟRӱ˵ȰӱˣҶĸ˵Ҳ͸λ
ӱЦҲáĸ˵о仰квԷּҷŮʱ¡⻰˼˵ԼܶԼܿ
£ӱͷٟR۾Ц⣬ʲô¶ңҾ֪ˡǵ壬ȾλҪ󡣡
ٟR⣬ҲŽӱ˵Ժ˵ӱ㣬Ժˣһ˯ɡ
а
˾˵ҪһЪҲû˵ʲôֻǵҹﲻ׼߶߶̫á
ٟR˵Ҷһͷ˯ġ
˾ƳٟRֻøĿڣһ߶߶һ߶߶
ӱڱ߶ֱ֡


150 



ĵһ 
ڶһ,չＸ˾ͶԼعˡչ֣ӣ٫hЩƵģͷ,ٟRΪûϢ,ţ٫h˵,游ڹﶼЩʲô˵㹫顣游˵ŮӼ,öô,Ȱ١
Ҿ⻰,Ҫǲ,ĸôܰűأҾע,Ҫﲻ飬Ķעء٫hʵ˵ѧڻû,ͽ游ʱѧĹ˾,游˵ҽĶ̣һ
֣룬hh̫ʵ,⻰ȷ̰۫
ٟR٫h˵h˵ĺܶ԰,ҲǺ⡣ѧİӲĶ찡,Ҳûˡѧ¶,һ¹ٲ˵,Ҳû˵ѧ²
٫h˵,·,ҵ߶һأٹͷ¡ʵûܹҲΪͷ롣
٫h̾˵ĶԣȹܺԼ˵ҪûʣͲҪڡ游͸׶곤ҷḻٱ϶ıԶ
⻰֣ʮ۫hhڼҰhhʵˣһĴˣۡ
֣hh㣬룬游ʮ굱飬ĶѧôСӶ᲻ءͷİɡ˼ҾͣЩŰ壬ܲϽڵǰһˡ
٫hͷţ
٫hСοü䣬˼ͷҲˣԼ˹ľʵڵӴˣǰ游˵Ҷ˵Լ뷨Ҹ˵ˡ
ٟRЦġhh㣬Ժʲô뷨Ҳֻ˵ĸֻǲ㰤óȻ˵ġҪ˵ԼļҪ˵˵ˣԺӦĻǾ֪ʱǴˡû˵ԣҲǺ⣬Ҳ˾顣±þ
֣æ˵㲻֪hhҵ¡ʱҲ˵ϻģ۫۫ܰԵ
ٟRƾΰԵܲ˵
ٟRڻʹɵѪϡֻһһŮٟR֣̫ǰȻɳʵʮֵ֣˵ļҶ˵ɼڼ˵ҲЩ˵ЩͲ˵
ٟRʣʲôǵ˵ģʲôǲ˵ģ
֣ϴ󣬱ٟRһͷٟRİӣ뵽ٟRͣ˵˾֪ˡ
ھͺܴˡ
ڻСġ֣ЦȥϿΰɣˡһ ʷʦĿΣ߶
ٟRǺ汦ǵ¿ٸ˵
չ˽¸ٟRһعӼ£֪̫ｫʹºչﰵ룬̫¶Ը⹫ʹһġ
Ȼ׿ıԶ
չ°Ժд»Ҫһ
磬ٟR֣ͨ˽һ۫լĸӳ̶ȣ۫۫ԵĲ檣ӵŮŮ֮࣬Ůˣǳ׺˿ټ۫ԼԺҲңŮҲˡԵֵܼҵ˿ڣЩ۫ﱲжʮ֮ࡣ
ⶼһүүŮ˷˵˼Ļ£٫hܲСģء
˵˵
ȻǸЩõǿЦ
ٟR󲻽пԭ׵ģˡ
˭˵ǡ
ٟRʣ㣬Ҳô
ȻˡҼмҹ棬ӣʮ檡֣оٟRⷽȽɵٟRֲö˵
ٟR˭ôԶĲ
ԭҼҾġ֣Ҳɡ
ٟRź˵ϧҼǲˡ
֣æʼ볼ӼҲֽͬͣҼأԭҲϧ֮⡣ʼ֮ԵԺǻʼɡ
ٟRϻۣ֪֣ˣһЦ˵ᣬغá䲻ĸҲĸŮһ㡣ʱҾ໰ǸĸͶοӸۣһѪԵ֮ס
֣ٟRദü꣬ҲһҪãҲЦˣҲһֱǰѹһ㡣
ţҲͰ㣬ҪĴңܽ˵ô͸ȲңҶ֪hӡٟRҿ֣ĸͦ򵥵ˡ
֣Ҳ̲סЦҴǴ򡣡룬ϺˣҲɽɵײɵȻҲûӡ
ٟRֳ򻧲ˣ׿ɷЩӸӼࡣ֪ͼǹҴ£ʹˡ˵ԵûУҪǹӼ¸˾ӲʹùӼֻܷģЩӱеġ
ٟRΪ⣬龹
һЦҾ˵ˣֻЩ࣬ʵǸܳ
ٟRͷ¶ϣǲġ
ӴӴ֪ˡЦҽ˶ʦʦҲ˵ø˾ճЩӼѧϰ
ǰ֣ƼϢһģҲ׼֮ˡ
࿴ĸף¶Ⱦͬ͢аɣ
ٟR֣첻ǰʹô
ɵۿٟRǿ¡
ٟR˵⿴²жҲûð
ɵ۵룬˾оţԺŵԽԽࡣǽշֱԺ񲻶һ٣
ף
ٟRпʣҿƼƵ£˵ˣԻԿеһֱ½Ҫ˵ԺãԺγɾԺӼԱˣ¾ŵĳɲ㡣˭µѧԻԵ࣬ǽѧĵģ֮ǲĵġȻԱḶ̌Ҳϸ񡣡
෴Ӧܿ죬Ӽ˾ҵˣԺһλ˾ҵһԺáֻǼةˡ
ٟRԹԱñ㲻ʣ֣ةǼƷ
һƷ£һƷ¡
С٣һҲѲ˶ס
һһģ㽫˵˸߰˰ˣ֣̫״Цɵ۵ʹͽɡʹЩԭ͸ѧŵRŴ֡
ӼзԵ˲٣ȴҲʹɵ۷ԸˣǾͺúģR¼ǵøš
ӽĸʷԸ
ٟRһ°ͣʷİɡҸһ𣬾û⡣һ¶׵棡ǲǣ֣
治ã־ٟRŹͷԸ˵¶ûģȱ˵󻰡
ⲻǴ󻰣˵Ķʵϻ
࿴˵Цģ¶ʮûȰRŵˡ
Ȱ˵ɡŮ°ͣͦСӵģɵ̲סЦ
֣̫ҲǵЦ
ٟRŲôЦ²ѡ


151 



ĵһһ 
ټ,໹Щʿ˼ŹӼҲϾС֮һѰԱ
ٟRȫû뷨,ֱӴٹִ̫һ,Ͱ˽ˡ
ԺԺѧʿٟRʰ,û˸ҲӦ١οͨ߹ٟR·һټ
û,һλʮ빫ͬ,Ҳ֪Ǵӵ¡æ,º,һ̧֣ƴ˲ض,Ҳ˵˵Ӽ֮¡
һӵȥС,۴,ʱ׼šȻ鲻ٟRæ⻰ϲ,æ˵ûӵּ,λµ˼,̫Ӧ׼ˣ
ٟR˵,,е,Ҹֶˡ˼ȡ,뵱ӼĳԣȷҪһĹأһ·ʹĸ͸ʽֺˡ
ӶλµķԸȻʮܸɣдȻ±롣
ٟRһۣ֣ģƼ˵ɡ
Ц˭˵һ
ôһء϶ĸȫ
ҲδٟRףͬ˵˴Ӵ˲о£ڹӼĻˣԺٲܸǮˡ
Ҳ´ԭͲ󿴵Щļ⣬Ŀĵһˣӵ㲻صǣͬ˵ˣ겻оҲܰӲǡ
ϲ˹ӼĶˡ
ЦŰڰ֣ίʵˡҲżȻ뵽һᣬԵϣ㶨ġԸ˵һãѹӼƵϸó˴ϵ٣ϸҲϸá
λ£ϸ۳Ҳˣֻǰûһ£ճؼٸһģվͿɵϡ
ҲϲĴ󳼣Ǹ˼ϸµģ糯ݸʣǱܿԺΪ֮£ҲУҹҲһ
ȻһȿţҲող֮꣬С֮λڳҲ֪ܳ½ĺʱȴûһĻֻǼ򵥵һ仰ظλ
£ٟRƼƲ
ٟRͷţãҲܼ֡
Ƽƣһٹĸ֣̫һõš
໹ͬĸϸոռƼƵ£ͷ֣̫һ֣ʹžͳɣʵòҡԵһŲܡ
ٟRйӸʱܸˣ˵ЩȣԵġ
֣̫ⶼҪˣĶȡ
ȵģ̫󡣡
ԭţӼ಻ͬڹѧѧԺѧҲӼĶࡣνΪ
ĸȥҲࡣ
ֽĽ򿪣硣J
ٟR˾Ƿ̡
ҲԼ֡
˾ǸʢӸθ뵽һ£һˬˣԽ˵ҶĶﱲRԽһ۾ۡҪҪҵŮ˵
ԭ²󡣡ٟRҨһ׹ӸҲ졣ӡҾҲˡҲǽ˵˵ǱߵŮӽ̻ġ
Ҳ˻һѧ
֣̫˵ǰϯͣԸȥŷ׼
˶Ӧˡ
ٟRŮ̬ȵȷ磬ӵӵŮ˸ˣٹ⣬ǹµԼ
ϡΪˡ
ʵڻңλԺաӼƽ󳤹˳᳤˵ĵλ֣̫ܿδٹǰҲֻǻʼҳ޹ѡ
ƿɲͬˡ
ٟRСܻ̫ɵ۳谮Ϣ紫˾֪˵ƷĺԺ˹˵۶ǡ
˵ҵŮӣǷԴٟRҲʮ֣ء
Խһĺÿ˱һǽʱ͸
ȻǱ߶ҲڣºͣпڽԱǸദˡ
ÿæµ£ÿŮŮü飬͸̫Ҳ˺ü飬˽¶˵Ҳ̫æµףˡ
ųֱ£үҲ֪Щ꣬ҲûʲôõóֵġòģȴܿġǺüһ⣬ù￴ǵ⣬ҲЩ
ӣһеġǱˣ̫.ʵͬˡ
Ц֪ճĺԲòģɻأһǵĹ⡣ŮӼңλ룬иСλ̸ۼʱҲġ
ͣϲɫˣϲͻȫǰ㲻˵۶ѧѽֶӶûϡǻطأֶӴϣǸҲк뺢һ飬ȹѧ
ϲˣȴлүˡ
ĳ֣Ƿޣл


152 



ĵһ 
ٟRΪ۶ȦƳ,Ϊ״򲻶ÿʮ壬ٟR۶㵽и硣
ȻżȨƵλ,һֱ,Ʃ磬۶֪Ů,õŮӣٟRҲ롣
ÿ¶,ʱһ,ɵ۶ʢ¡
񽫵µ,ٟR뷪ҵŮ,ͣһգٿһ硣
о,ʱȣ԰Ҳﾰ,䲻ȴհٻ,Ҳо¿͡
ٟRҲ٫hӱ˰һдŮ
ỹû۫ͽ,ٟRֻԽҵŮӣ۫Ů,ʵеƫġ
ٟR,֣̫۫ԼٟR˵Ҫ۫ǿƵıﲻ,ٟRֱӾܰȥ
֪ʲôԵ,۫ת,ӻʱʱĨ,ٟRⲻǣ˵ǼŮӵ˹ơٟRֿܲߣ˵ǲһֱڵ۶ôƽʱģԽԶҾûҡ
۫ҵϻʱʱܽ밲ԵĺӣĶĸܵüһ̻壬ⱲҲû׹
߯ˡٟRϲ߿ĨᣬˣұһӣҲ֡
۫תΪϲϲ˵һؼһ˵ǻ֪Ҫθˡ
ٟRڰ֣ɱh嶼ؼң۫ҲŮӽֻҹæһֻܼҪ֪ҵŮǶúõģǾˡ
ͳЩٟRҲ˵ЩϵĿ׻ˡ
۫ŮҪ䣬ãЦhʮŻؼһգҲͣײͬ˸л˵
ٟR˵仰磬Ҳò۫šٟR֣۫ǵת˷̬ȶˣĸǰû˳ÿ仰˳ĸ˵ڷĸ
ٟRҲδ룬ùţԼЪȥˡ
۫ŮٟR٫h۫Ůӣ٫hʵ˵ˣ۫ŮҲ٣ҲʮˣٟRһӡ
ŮӽӵӺ󣬲εһͨޣ۫ЩٟRҲǣճӻˣЩʲôӣζǿ
Ӷˣ۫ܲŮƲֻ˳˽ȡ޸ȥ
ٟR˴֡
ŮǼҲжʮˣټϸԵŮ̵ĹˣĻŽأⰻȻ
ٟRϲҲܸˣڻ԰дҡ
ٟRȰ٫hӱչ֣ܸңҽܣ˵ݶٟ࣬Rһﶼͷһμ
ԽŮҲܹء
ٟRǿ͹۶ķ⣬гҵŮ˵ĸ״ȥ㣬ȥϵơ
ԽҵŮҲȥ۫ҵŮ˵˵۵ļر顣
ٟR棬ǳ۶Ķȥôûȥ
ŮЩɬŮء
ٟR˵ֲǰˣͷŮæӪģĶҪڼŵġ
һ˵Ů˵޴ҲЩ΢졣ٟRΣʣ϶ûҾɣ
ŮӲ˼ҡҡͷٟRûϵһһûؼҶһŮӶϲ㲻ʢڼǵΪʢһǡ
ٟRԵŮӣǶҾô
ԽŮǶͷ͢鷢ŮˡҲ˵д飬˺ܶʶ
Ů˵֪Ļˡ
ٟRЦҲȫǻˣֻз֮ġȻǱͳ٣ױƭ
ٟRڼҶʲô飬ЩǴŮ˵ƽʱǶŮ롷ŮЩŮߣ㳤˵Ǵ
ԽҲ룬ǰнգϷȡ֡ҾҲܳһߣȥ㡣
ҺǫѷҲʣڶʲô飿
ٟRͶˣγҲ࣬ͬһ˵Ҷ˵¶öడ
ٟRⲻడƽʱϿҪѧġڼҲܶŮ롷ŮиһҲѧˡпնһʷʷҲ˼
Ҿʣûк飬Ƽģ
ٟR˵һԼ飬ٟR˵ǲˣҪƾΪ٣ԣǶ㲻ؾࡣϲʲôͶʲôЩǺõġ
˵㽥ˡãٟRһʫһʫͿˣ˼˵ڼֻŮ롷Ůģǫ顣˼ʫǲ
Ҫ˵˵ģ۫ҵŮǣʫźõĲ࣬һġ
ٟRǿǣȡЦҽʫһְˡ
ʱٟŖŷƴճһŴƼʱˮһ䡣ȻȵĶ̵Ĺơ
йǰʫľ飬ҲٟRΪ˴󷽣ݸ߱ǿбǿʫԼʫˡ
չ֣ʫ䶼ٟRٟRҲ㲻⣬ЩŮҲ㽥ſپн
磬һͶˮߵϢ
֮Ǽֵһ죬ҸʱٟRҲ׼λ֣̫Ҳʹһأ֮档
ٟRʱЩᣬ˵ڵ۶סģ»پۡ
Ҷ˵ڹ⣬Ҳʱʱŵ¡
ԽദĺܺãЦ˵Ժлپ۵ġ
֣̫ˣһġ
۫ҲܸˣȤǡ̫ĻһӵĽá֣̫ǼЩӣǸˡ
֣̫ЦҺγġ
ǱҪɢЩٟRһɢλźǸǳˡ
ٟRܽһ治ʲôطпԽطŮӶǶʶܶʶ£ĸд飬Ҳѧ۫ҡ
ٟRΪҡͷ٫h˵h㵱ʱѧʶҲôˣûôƵġ
٫h˵ǰڼңǾͶ飬Ů롷Ů͡ҾƽʱﻹҶԵ顣ãҲ͵͵ģҲвġ
ʵҸսʱѧҲƽ٫h˵ǸŹſ۽磬˺ܶ顣
ٟRȲ˵Եģĸ۫ŮһһҾһѧʺûôţÿЩ˼ûǮ˼ңҹǮӶġͶ飬˵ȥ˶š
٫hĵƣѧ飬ҲгʹҼһ¡
ٟRһЦ¾Ӧˣа
Ҳ˵۫ӵٹʹʱ飬ٟRŮ󣬵ͷͬĸ˵ĸ³ڵ۶Ůƽʱôӵġ
֣̫Цڵ۶䲻࣬Ҳ١δ˵ŮҲðˣиƻ
ٟRͷֿˡ
Ҷֲ۫ŮӶ⣬ͨҵʲôأ
ٟRе֪


153 



ĵһ 
һͨҵŮӺ,ٟRбڹ͢ŮһЩŮӴ㲻£Ҳɸɾ޻á̬ЩӲ,Ҳܿ,ǹĴ
ٟRʣÿ¶,֪˲ȫǸĺӡ˵ʹһ,Խ̸,ٟRʫ黭ĻһŲ,ٟRҾн,ȴŴڻ԰;Щ,˰ͶһͶ
ԲˬϷﶼϲ
Ȼ,ЩŮɿ
˵㲻ͷŵשˡ
ٟR˵Լľ,ҳԹһ㣬ͷģζ,ҳĸһࡣ
֪Ǽҵ,Դӹȥ,Ǽҵͳ,ɶȥˡһǼû緹,ȥǼҳԵġҾζá
зͷҲһ˵
,ϻ˺ü,һ棬رθ
ϳһרĵ꣬жʮʳԣƤ棬ʼˡ
ٟRʣʲô֣
Сݡ
Ҽϲ£׷׸˵ǶԵ۶о˽չＸҪ
Ķʲộָɾóԡ
е۶ǷһЩ£ʲôӣ˵ͷͷǵٟR˵ɼǳŵġ
ҲйĸǰֻݣȥѼʱŮӶЧ¹ǵȻҲ󡣡ӣһ˫ۣ˵Ҳ󷽣Ƕ˹ʹ͵ġҾҷȥ飬Ȼҵҵܶˡֱ˵и
Ҳ׷˵ҾдĺãҶܳˡ
⻰ٟRȻϲЦɼˣôܳһߣƼ̫ƽʢ͸ֵġ
ҷ׷׳ǡ
ٟRʴƽʱڼʲôŮӻǼаŹܼҵģв廨ŮģһλϸüϸۣƤ𪣬˹ĵŮС˵˾䣬֡
ٟRЦ֡ġ
ٟͬRܣͷѧʵˣĲŮ
ĶʱߺҾǺдһд
ǿɲǣдĿɺˡ
ĵһۣЦŲˡ
ٟRһֱһ֪˽غãҲЦЦûټ⡣ҵʵܷḻڹӵ£̤̤ʵʵġ
ӵϸ´ٟRǵһ˵ѶŮԼʡ²÷ǮһЩܼҵ£ܼҵģٻӶ¡ģӲ˵Ҳ첻á
⻹ׯľӿ˽һЩ飬˵Сׯӵ£ҰʱҴ̼ˣҵ󣬸һǶСԺӣԼܡһֻӣЩڵ˺ҰԺջˢ׷£һ¾ˡӣڽһ߶ϵʮĶأ˹ȥ֣ѧϰÿʳҲճɣҲǮ
ٟRͷᾭӪJ
ҲǸѧģҲĳ˵ӵþϸ㡣Ӱ㲻ⶡС»᲻빫ۣȻʣȻ֪ġ
ӴͷŮҲ˵Լҵ¡ЩӸͷе̵ġҲЩѰͨģ˵ϼ䡣
ÿһĶ˰أǿ⣬Ѱ̼һ˰
ң۵ġ
˵˼ҪۣҶС
Ӧܹá
ٟRҲдɳȹŮֻܴɳȹŮ˵Ҳ٣֪ҾȻ
ٟRûеʣۻɢˣŮǱŹʹ͸ǳٟRӴһԸˬʣŮҲӦǸԵõġ
һʱ˻ٟR˵ŮӸţĸعѴĸӣͲס
˵˸иٟ࣬RҲܾȵˣҲʼվţܰһһˡɫٟR˾˵裬һӣ͵ŮӼȥٿҿʲôѣҡ
˾ӦǣѾ̫ﶨʡҲȥɡJ
ŶҶûע⡣ٟRʣֻû𣿡
ûС
ˡٟR˾ȥٹĸ׼ɵʣ˵˲Ů
ţһ졣ٟRظʣֻĻݺһߴߴİѽݸ˸ףǰҶǵ;˵֪ͷˡ
ɵЦʲô档
ٟRΪʣʣôֻû
ʷ˹Ӽһ˵а֮£ȥ飬ȷд¡
ٟR֣ƼƵˣǸ߹𣿡
ǵǡJ
ΪʲôҪȥ飬ҪͨյĹ˾ŵ۶ȥ鲻ôٟR⡣
ɵ۵㲻֪йأιԱصԼˣȲ̹ԱƣЩθѹ̤ˣ
⻰Ȼ
ٟRǵǣӼƵ¸ոտʼʣӰ쵽ƼƵĹְô
ҿСΰɡ
ٟR뵽ĲͬѰ˵Ӽ಻ƣҲû¡Ӽոƣ˾ռˣ
ɵ۵Ҳðȥ顣Ƽף̱ɻסʵȷ䣬Rף¶Уزֱȥġд£ҪƼΪ˸𡣡
ٟR˵ҪĹӼƸտʼزۡ
ɵ۵˵ǡ͢ˣõˣ͢е˲šRΪߣΪЮ
ٟRһЩӲƢʱȴͻȻ˵˾䣬Щ˲Ǻѵõġ
ɵһЦˣٟRͷЩˡ
ٟRףֿĸ֣̫΢΢ͷ˼ٟR룬϶Ҳһ뷨
˲Ŷѵð
Ǹµˡ


154 



ĵһ 
عʱ,ŶùˣûٟRǹֳ˵,ĸ,ȥôֻ
֣̫,⻰ǡҪٹܹ̫
ɵߴˡк,̫,ܾ͵ˡ
ٟR˵,ǾͲ̸ͷȥ,Ҳ˳ȥơ
ɵ̲ס֣ô,֪ܲţ
ⲻǣһôٟR⣬춼͸ˡ
֣̫ܹ̫ȥ˵ɵ,Ҫ,һġ
ɵΣҲˡ
˵䣬ͻˡ
ȸĸ,֣̫ѵضˡֵ,Ǵš
ȻԤķʳ,,Ըһ,̱ˡ
֣̫ʸļ,˵ͷ,ôһš
ٟR಻ס֣ǳȥϰô
ţʷ飬ҿ·ڵ۶ǽϵʷ۶ʴ˰
ٟRʰӵʲô˵ѱ÷ˣ뵽ֱֳδţٟRͰԼȱţֻҲвס̵Ĺˣȸʢ䣬ů͡
֣̫ɵۿС˰㣬Ȥ
һ˵õͷŰȥˡ
ֳȥţٟRùЩʵˮһֳԡɵЦ˵Rˣֳ
ٟRСæһһͨ˵˭ûôԼأҵȻöˡ
ùŹ˵ҽʷڵ۶Ĵ˰
ٟRʣƼƵռ˰ô
ռء
ٟRûӼءӼҪó࣬еľڹӼ飬Ժٲܾࡣǰ֪ϢƼˣһĶأ⻹һǧǾӡûɣƼ˼ȲǮҲ˵أ˼ҼˣѴ½˳
ûСٟRʣ֣ôеģ
˵أƼʮӡ
ٟRʣƼƵʲôݰ
ס
˵֮ⲻףⶼԶĹϵˡٟRľƼЩù
Ǽͬ壬ƼƹŹӼ࣬¡ʷҲ˵д
Ƽ˿ڿɹģˡ
Ĵ壬ضϡ
ٟR뵽һ£˿࣬񲻺׳£ЩΪʲôأ
ͷһ˵䶼˿ڶΪ٣˶࣬˭һȥڣ
ռ˵ʱȻǺ¡һ˻£ĴҪˣʱٟR뷨ô֡
һӱס֣̫ӹٟRԹмܱģ
ߡ֣̫Ҫ˭ܱ壬ҲǸ
ٟRһҲЦ
Ҳûʴ»᲻۵Ƽƣɵ˼ƼƽУ¶ϲᱬƼǸˣΪٺɡ
ٟRҲƼ˵аٹ٣˭ûǧ˰ٵˣҪǼҼ˷±ݶԱְλԴ˷磬Ǻ¡ο²أҲֵͬٺˡ
ɵͬĸ׵Ǿɡ
֣̫Ҳû
ɵ۸ĸ׵ʷ̫˵ĹΣ˵Ĺβ
æ˵ӻԶ
֣̫ӵĹҲйעۼҺӶ֪ù
ɵ۵룬Ҳʮˡ⼸꣬ҲӴһЩ񡣲ЩС¡Ժ͸Ϊ飬ѧϤ񡣡
ٟRһֳԺֻҪ飬ʣ°ձܴ£ʱĽ۷Ź⣬ֱ˵̫ˡ֣ԺͲֻ飬Ҳܰĵϵð
඼ûüǫһ£ͱٟRЦٟRҿRҲһҪҪһ𣿡
ǵãйӼ͹æˡٟR˵ֲƵģԺֻʵۡҪﲻȥԳôһóʱѹú֪ʲôԵʣر𽾰һ̧С°ͣʾԼǸæˡ
֣̫󸧶˭æ
ǵȻˡٟRԼʱ仹á
ɵЦŶǸʾ͵ŰRԳϴˡ
ⲻ˵ġٟRʮ㣬˵ʣһѣʱԣҪҵѡ
ȻŮϺʣɵۻǸԸ⿴ٟRȤ㷺ȻӦʣʱֻܰңһԡ
ţٟR״ӦԼҲܸˡ
ƼδȻ󲨣ڶ첻ĿΣǶĿΡٟR˳̶ܾ࣬е̫ɣҲϸ顣鷴ԹӼƣʵڲЩôģǺܺõ顣
ŹԻС񣬶ֻҪǷԵ˼һˡ
ЩԵĹԱ޷Ǿ˵ҲΪļļףߣ¸󣬹Ӽò㣬ҪӻٟRɻҲ˵ˣǸ࣬Ӽ㣬Ըе
ʣ֪ôʼ𣿡
֪ȵ۹ţϹűߣҲ̫ƽݽţʰտ࣬ԭΪ˳ļſ
Ǽĺôģ֪𣿡
ӹӼҵûŹļֱӲμԣͨ͢ˣȥطΪ٣ְߡ
һ㡣ǾԸԺԵŹÿ¿ʯˡɴ峤ѧҲ·ɼٲ򣬼̯Ϲ˾Ҳ̡
ٟRĥóǧӾ࣬Ȼʳ·ٲ򡢲̣Ҳʲô̫°ɣ
²̫˽ͷо˼ҵӡ˵ԵģƫƧطű··Ҫ֪ʲô𣿡
Ȼ֪ѧӼҲУŶаɣС١
¿Ƿ΢
ٟR˵Щӵ¡
£ССְ΢ȴСţ¹ټϹ٣ϹߵҲǿͿġ
ٟRһףѧʿѧʿĴĹѪͷٟRʧ档
⻹ֻǵ۶µطǹһ¡ةҲǳ͢ǴعԱǵˣְ꣬Ϥ飬ϤתѰգײҵǡЩˣڵҲܳһү
һйˣ㲻תΪѡܿ˽ʿҲҪཻʽʵһġⶡ⸳ıְΣ⣬ش·ԱҲڹ֮¡
ƶ˼Ȼ費࣬ЩǮĸΪӵܣɻǮҲԸӾġ
ٟR͸ˣǶҪӵܾõŵȨôӰ쵽йԱأ
С⻰ȴǲԡȥ໺£ĿɲֹйԱжʵڿҲӵܵĳ·
ЦǳҲ޹ġ
ٟRɴ۾ʣʦҲͬࡣ
ͬġºͣӼ໹һԭ򣬾ǵײԱáҵپ͢ԣɵЩС٣Ŵ񡣵ƽվãйžӽͲˡ
ߣ͢Ҫʱɿ֮һ£͢һеĸֻг͢ã̫ƽĹԱգܺӹȽ͢ŪʹС˵־鳼ڳ͢ڹԱڰգЩϴСǣҲġ
ԣҪʹóһ棬ҲҪ׶ˡΪ͢ҲΪ
ֲĸġٟRķڷҾöʦĽ̵ʷ̸̨һ̸
༫ΪҪ̸ʲô
ٟRɫӼҪ֧֡ҲϣƼܵڵ֪İȰѴɴǲѹӼҲ񲿣Ҳǻʷ̨඼
ֱ㵣Ϊµ
òþͰ׸ʷ̸¶֪֮ǰûһλ¸ôɵġ
ȻҲûλסٹûλԼּ䵽ڸ
»̫һ׵
ٟRá±صҳ棬Ȼĸ߸ʣǲͬʷڸ׸˵Ļڸˣôƫѡˡڸ֮ˣ˭ֻ˵ǲֹ֧Ӽأɾͳɣ뷨ӡ
룬ȷѧʿĽѵǰ巴
಻ڸ׸֮ˣΪ£𡣹Լ£Ҳ᳼֡
ҲáȻԵǶʦڱҳˡٟRֻ̰ʦ֮
ǫʶ˶ֻǵС볼̸𣬷һ߶ˡ
ҲǶʦҵѽ
ٟR۾ģûһ˿ʡôһ˫۾ҲһЦǳף쿪ʤɡ


155 



ĵһ 
ٟR,Ϊףȸչ顣չ֮Ů϶˽⡣
ٟRͬչｲ,չ˼Ƭ,ϴλؼңҾͬ׽Ӽ֮¡,Ҹ׶ԹӼƵһЩȫͬ
ٟRʣ಻ͬЩ
չٟRϸ½,ΪӼӦѧ,ǽŷֿ,ĻᵼһĶ䡣
Ҳ֪Ӽѧ粻֮¡
չЩ˼,£ҼҲڹӼġ
ҲٰٟR,ѧҲУӼҲУƾٵҲС
չϰΪ,ҼҶ
ٟRȴ,ʲô
кʱ鿪ɣʺãڼҶˡһ,ȥѧгҲûõģȥӼ,໹Ǿ,ҲıСʹչ,Ĺټӵ,Ҫ,
ٟRͷ,չҸ㸸̸̸ܸΪֹ֧Ӽô
չһЦ£ҸȻȫͬӼĸƷҲΪӼӦøһĹˡӼֻǷͬʵӼá
Ҿ˵˵
뷽ʷ֮ǰٟRҲ뷽˵Ӽ֮¡£ﻹ˵ˣֻ˽ĲٟRϸ
ٟR˵˵ʷʷڼҿἰӼ£
ʱμٟRСۻᣬٟR֮һǸǰᳯе¡
Ǿˡ
¿·ԸΪʷǰٟRٟRؿδƽϣܺáһֱЩǷ֮⣬ʱæһ䡣
뷽ʷ̸һ̸Ӽ֮£³ŲʮҪȴغʮδٟR򷽹ϣ㸸׷ʷֹ֧Ӽĸơ
ȻڹϴҶо֮Ƿеһֱ泯񡣷һʱЩ޴룬ڣǸ򶨵ģ̱һؼתµ˼
ãһͬʷ̸ٟRһüëǰ㣬ʱµ¹ע̫ˡ
˵ƽʱҲЩ¡
ƽʱҲҪ飬żġǸͨ˼ҵŮӿɲһ˵гǶǳ԰չˣƽʱȻö԰յ¶ˡٟRȻȥԺ㡣
Ի󣬡£ʲô
һû˵Ѿ˵ˣһһȥ
ǷĹٳҲһϲٟRһû˵ǵһ֪ġ
Цһ֪˵˲á
ٟR˵˻ؼȥˡ
ؼҺ󣬷ĸ˵ټ⣬̫̫֪Щµģ㸸׻ؼңͬ㸸˵һǹҪټҲЩ׼
ﲻ⣬ĸףӼ£ΪҪټأ˵ȡø׵֧֡
̫̫ڹӼƼƣǰ˽ջУʷˡѾȥˡ
̫̫ٟR֪λƷԺȥʹŮ㿴ͬ˵ʱΣ
ͦõġ˵ݡ
̫̫һˣһЩǳǹݸҵľơ
ϷʷûظŮ˵չҪټ£ʱĲᡣҲ֪Сʲôëôôϲټ󳼣
ҲܲȥϾѧʿѵǰҶԸСµٟRʷȥҲǡ
ĸоҲڱټ֮ʱᡣ
ٟRٹܹܴλԱ˵ģܹɵͦ죬һ֣̫ټҲˡ
ܹһ˵ǹټ
ʱȫڸ߶뷽ʷϡ
Զǰ˷粻̩ȻģλǫƵ׸䣬źۼĿһۡҲһ㵣֪ټӦ޸ɡͬʷ˵Ҫ÷ˡˣ͹ȥɡ
ʷƣǡ
еש·ҹһ΢ʪ̫һˮЩȡǰĹ㳡ש·С̣ǳйԱ඼΢΢
ܹǰ·ٹڸѵµǰĹ㳡ţٹˡ
ٟRշѧ߸٫hˣǷŮ٣ĹˣԼ̡ǰٟRЦܹ˵ҷѧʱܹܹȻ׼ʱ
༸˹ٟRضࡢʷǾҽɡͬ٫h˵˾䣬h㣬ȥĸҸЩҪ̸
á
ٹ٫h˱ȥ֣̫ٟRࡢʷԼСԺ촩˼Ȼխ䳤ȹصĹ˼ˮ̹ϴ
ٟRһϴһ˵裬ŷŰɡҶˡתͷࡢʷҲ˰ɣ
ʷ˵ǶҲСǰ˵
º͵Ļ˾䣬ҲЩˡ
ţ˵¡ٟRϵˮȥйŰǰһλϸĵĴ򿪸ӣٟRڿ࿪˽ܣΪдʷŷֵġͬհ˵ϲá
ʳ
ʷҲܲȻԽڣԽ¶ð졣˵˾䣬ƶʲôԡ²Ϊġ
ǲУ׻˵ͶáٟRЦеء
£ԸһȱؾĽ
ٟRзԸŷȻ׼ǷԸһ˱ڴҷְʷԷЩ
ǰϲĹѼţʷ롢Ȳˡ
˱֪ԼҹŮ͸¶ġ
ٟR˵绹пҪϣҲҪǾͲԾˡɻʿڡ
ٟRȡ꿪磬շҲ㿪ʼš˶һϱźŵı죬ȻٟRôλСǰšֻٟRǳĲǣ乫ССͣڸԱ׵ô
׵׵ˣҲܶš
ȳԷɡ
ٟRⰲŵʳͦշ˿ζڸȻʢȴҲԶԶġ
ٟRԼϰտΣҲѰףȰѳԱӡٵƫշ̸Ӽ¡
һºͣʷͷԹķҲûôˡ裬һذıݴһǷʷϲ
ٟRٴ̴ľС齣ǶλǰΪģΪӼ¡
˾Ҫ²յػٟRڰ֣Ȼشࡣ֮ŷֿΪ˸һҩ
Ӽൽϵ·ݳɵ£Ǳѧʵ֮١ӼǰѧпɣڹӼʱһˡ⻹С¡˶ѣ־ͬһû⡣ӼӪȫ˽˹ٳڳ͢ڰգǺ¡
ٟRԣȰѹӼһΪʵѧģع·ģҲҪǿϽҵʶͬӼʱΡ
²裬ͻǴӻ޷ΪͬĿġ£ֹ֧ӼƵġ
ٟRףʷʷų޿ƾ٣гչλҲֹ֧Ӽơ
ǿƼΣٟRʡ
ºͣȴҲֶΣǸµˡ
ʷμҲ֮
ٟRʷʷʷҲм˿ڣұ֤˸ף
ʷһ񣬡Ȼұ֤
Ƿʷܹܲܵҳ˼£
ʷˡ
Щûʲô˼Ҳͷ̣ɼʼңҲѧ֮ܡٟRЩʼҿĵط֪жûڵˡ
ϺγˣٟRƼƲȥһλԱҪϤӼ࣬¿ʼ֮¡Աг˹ʧٻһλǹӼƾͻһϣϵ޼աߣϸʮأɡ
ʷʷ̨ǹܼٹ֮£ɸˣ泯͢ŹӼƣòãʱҲʹӼ༰ʱҲΣ
ʷﻳٟRǲҪˮ뵽ӼһСٟRʷ̨ȷмٹ֮𣬹ӼƣԭҲʷ̨֮С
ʷⱾǳ֮¡
ǾͺáٟRһ䣬ǷʷҿһӼǸʲôΣΪѵ£㲻Ըң߰ðͬ˵Ҹѣ档
ʷأӼв֮£Ի¡
ҲһġٟR֪ЩŰһֱܳ£ڷʷͬʷһʼѧϰһֽҲԡ
ʷһǡ
á˽ӦңҴӲ˵ʲôҪʵж˺ŪңҵɵϣҲܴ衣


156 



ĵһ 
Թ滨ԺǶ,෽ʷ˵֣̫밲֣̫Ȥ˵԰Rˡ
Ǹڹſ,Ը,밲ˡ
ʷҲ
޷ԭҲû֣̫鲻
ʷʷ̨ͷĿ,,ͬ˵ˡ
ʷĻδ˵,㱻ִ֣̫,Ҳղ֪Ҫ˵,û룬ôҲͬҽ
ʷûҭ,˵ҲԹ밡ؼ,вǺü䡣˵Ҫæ,ҪǺÿ
֣̫·ȫûʷһֹ༸ڽв˾£ˡ
ٹ,ʷͬ²ۣ¼ֱ̫洫
ȻŲ,ϥ,ЩҲ
ʷֱѪ
ٟRΪͼӰ,ԭӼһΪ,Ҳеطֳܷȥڳӵ,ƼҲûڳѰط,ǵһǰ԰
˵ǰΪȾլӣź󣬳լҲչ˾
Ƽطɵ۶Ӧˣ˾ȴܲԸġ
ԭеĹ˾˵˾仰˾ԹԱլӸ˹ӼࡣͷһӦþߣҲ˵ֻҪլʰһ֮ڸ뵱
ƼƾţĪүۡ
˲˵ӣȥ飬֪Եʡ
߹·Ź٣żܰٹ˵û㡣ȴδ뵽ܰﵽࡣ
ԴҲ⣬ٹ֣̫밲ʱոٟRʸ˳¡
ٟRժӣ˾ӣٟRժӡˣٟRϣһ֦һֻ˻ӣкʦôˡ
Цָһ㣬Ժˣֹӳԡ
ɡٟR˵ʦҸժġ
鿴Ҫæ˵СľУСҲ𣬹ɡ
СġٟRЩСӵԲȴֽƤСѥȵĲĺ֦ϣժ棬һһӸʦʦţ
һ̧ͱˣһľս㵹һַ
˵û¡
ٟRˣ²ϣ滹׵ʱˢˡ
˵ˤž֪ˡ
ôˤţһ߾ͻˡٟRţ
ͷţ֪߾ͻֻкӡ
ٟR֡
˾ǹӣϴɾ˱²ˮɫ磬ѵ޷磬¶ůǰһΡ
ٟRһΣһѡ
鷽˵£ллæӼʡȥ顣
ٟRҲΪƲ֪Ը񣬲˾ӹҪȽð˸ӴŵµƼƣ»æġʱ򣬴ӦðƼƲŶ԰
̴ٟRƨǣǣ˵Ķԡ
һ䣬ٟRҲе̡
ٟRϰæȻǸɵǸˡ͵屡죬壬صñ
ٟRЦҾƼ˳ЩЩ£ҲΪʦ㱨ҡ
ǹ塣ѾҪαˣ
ٟRôţ
ţżּ£ҿûԼĽӡǱΨһŮЩҲ֮ڡ
ӦƷ׵ģٟRδСҲǹֻδ⣬ûйʽӡٟRּȶԣ˽ӡϹأĽӡɡ
ٟRС޲⣬޽ӡ
ģΪٟRǰ⡣
⣬Ӵ;Щ£ܡ
ٟRף˽壬ԴҲԣ⼱ʲôҼʱȻͲ˰S
һ񲻺á
ٟRףȴԼΪʶԭʦҪٟRԲûȤ˵ʦҪ鰡ˣǷʲôʱҪ㻹ٻҡ
Ҽ¡
Цղ˵󱨴ô
ǰұƼ͵ȥ£ʦҪңҾҼס¶¡
ٟRһݵĴ࣬ҲЦˣǹɵüǺˣüʱ֣Ȼһ쳼Ҳ˵
˾ǶƷٟRø棬˵ҾŪô棬£ˡ
˵Űִֺãʦԡ
ٟR峺۾鲻¶ЦݣСȻżҲϲطġЦŽӹл£㲻ˡ
ÿٟRԼҲִֻģʦͽһ
ٟͬR˵˹ӼƵḶ̌Ӻʰ԰ʰΰʵİڷ뵱ɽǨȥˡ
ӦЩˡٟR˵ѧҲոս
˵Ǳ߱Զ¹ݵĶࡣ¶ڵ۶ЦĹѧкЩ·߹ϵѺת¹Ǳȥκε㾲ֵ̫ѧݳ״ˣҵ̾Ͱѵó˿ֱȤؼҲֻܳԼǲĻ˶
ٟRѾеĹѧ״˻Ǻܹġ
ٟRʣǨ¹Ӽ࣬зԵ˶ô
ȵӷԹӼƵ˸ˡһ䣬£ܵšӹģΪмǺųأ
ٟRǳ˼
Ϊʲôģ
ٟR룬Ҿͨûٵ˼ҡ
鴽΢䣬˵Ķԣеĺžͨûٵˣѿɳƺš˼ң빩һžӶǺѵġӼľǣ߳ɳٻ֮ҡ
ٟRܾȣ
ףŵڣСٻ֮ңܹﱡмʡŵڵռ룬Ӽ֮һӵҪزйӵܡǲᷴԵġ
ٟRС鲻ԥᣬת˵׼ˡ
š˾Ѿͷ׼ˣҪҪ
԰ڣӵȻͷǳҪ۽ˡ
ٟRܸ˵ȡԼĹԼС嵶ٟRõĶǾµ˲ãҶڻ¼ˣʸ϶滨ģС嵶һңش󷽡С嵶΢ף⵶
Ȼˡĸ͸ҵģһʺСʱõġ
ʽţٺʲ
ʦͽţԼһ䡣
ۼɫ磬ǣٟRʦһŰɡ
ˣ緹
аٟRǸˣѡط͡ҲͲˣʦ
֪
ٟR͵ſڣŵĸ˵


157 



ĵһ 
ڶһ,ٟRڳͽˡ
µƬ̣ͼٟR֣̫˵Ц߹,˽һװ,ٟRԼС嵶С˵,΢ʪǼϸϸ,ǳµһС顣
ǰ,ٟR˵ĸĸ˵,ʦȻá
֣̫ڰ,ʾ鲻ضٟR,ȥѰɡ
ʦһ£һѾ
ǡ²ؼ
֣̫˵,ԭǵٟRԼ,˵ĻϣһȾǰʱ
ԭŮӰ,ҲŮѻ鸾,ٟRôСŮҲ㰮
ͷϵĵСŤɻ,黨,ҲһɴСȹ,׹,Ϲ,СŮ޻ûͿ֬۵꣬üļ˻䣬µĺܡ
ٲҪֿ̫ڷˡ
ҲЩˡҪùٳţٟRгϰߣְ࣬Ҫԡͽ˺ü
֣̫ǿ⡣
˸ɴ֣̫ţٟRֵ̿һкһ룬ʦϲʱʦţ֪ʦϲáٟRϸ£ϵõ⡣
ֺЦӦū澼ǵˡȥԸᡣ
£͸³Թһ棬¾ͼǵˡ
ȻʦʱɫԱĶһ
̹Ȼѧʱﶬ캮ůӣһֱˡ
Ҳ⡣ųԳųųԣóԡٟRһͨĿ
ˮţ֣̫ٟRһ䣬ţ߶߶ˡ
ٟRԷĥ󣬺ܿúţڣʹ˾ǵһͬȥˡ
˾ԼȥӼ԰ӣʰˡ
ٟRСգϸٟ֡Rϲֵģˡ޹ͣ£һǣ治ֱٟRΪ£㻽˾һ衣
˾Ѱȥ棬תٟRһ
ٟRֿ֣ҲʱڽоͲٟͬRȥҲŮ³޼һͷҲ޼ӵܡ
޹һ³ȥãˣϵٟRʶ飬ٟRվڴ֮λϵٟṞ֪ٟ꣬Rˡ
ǰһסҪٟRͱˡ
ٟRû΢΢޹һ֣ⲻض񡣡棬ʲôȥ
Щɬʷ˵ȥҵĹ裬Ҷпգȥźù
⻰ǣǰʷҸԭǾۻʱһǽϢͨ
°ʷĶ̵סǡ䣬Ц⣬ٟRҪȥҲ˵͵ˣʦȻ¡
УҲȥɡ
ٟRһԶ޹ŷϳԼͯתüϳС˵棬Ǿǹ°
Ȼˡ㲻֪ɡ
֪Ҳһȷ޹꣬ոٟRΣп¹Ȼ˷£ˡ
ĺôֻϡ
ٟRһкܿ쵽ڳǳſڣˣ֮ǰǶ㣬һ˵³ˣôû
ʣ룬곤ꡣ˵ǱСģ˳͢ҲðȫӺòܶ磬Ҫȥ
šСǹ䡣ϲ̫һʱٟRʱܸѣŮӡ
ٟRλ̫һףСˡĸ￴̫ĵǶĳӡ
ò붡಻ơ
Ů쳵̸ӹѯЦӵ̫̫˵ˡðһ
һʱͷ߰꣬ò游ֹҲ˹վڸͷ붡˵£һ֪ġһתۣôˡ
ǰ˺õģ
ٟͬRŮӣҲ游ĵӡӴô㣿
ٟRһЦ۸ľСȡһݸȻϲһμɡ
뵽游ڸ˭ٟRʹ̬λ벮ܱ벮ΪŮӵ˭
ҲӦܻ֪ٟR΢ܿͷ񣬱㶼΢΢˾䣬С㡣
˫ֽӹ壬л͡
ס붡ʦһ㡣
ҲܲŮ¶ˣͬӵĸ׽㽲йͣ͡
ٟRˣųԺеǼᡣ֪زȵ۶翪ţطŮǲ¶ġ
ٟRżȥ԰ӣʦ߰ɣҲöǻؼң϶Ҳġ
ǡ
붡һҸǣٟRȳȥˡ
Ůʱһǣ¶һ˫
ڳǣǡ
ҲǼģ˿ٟRһʲô˵ʲô뵽ոյĶˣͬϽ϶ͲԶˡ
۹̫ߡ
ôٟRб飬ףҲʦɡ
ûʵʲô룬㿴ȵģ
Щࡢࡢ֣ʵʷʦҲȽϱۺǲʦġ
鱻ٟRԱȵ̩ɹˡ
ʵʵ˵
л䵽԰ӣòסˣ˾ҲһֱάƼҲ԰ڣ԰ӵװȡ
԰ǿ̨ͤ¥ȫдϷ̨
Ƽ׼ΪʥãʥԺڴ˽羭Ҳѧá
԰󻨻ܣƼмۣ˱˺֡⣬԰йľһű֣ʵ˵ľϣⷢѧ͵͵ε£߯
ٟR̾Ƽƣϳɵ˼ңӡƼҲǼԺ˼ңԵ˼иӸλڲһƼϳĲ߹٣ǻɡ
˼ɸͨɲһ˵ɺƼ˴Ӳʵ߶;·ӡ
ƼЦ𣬡ϵˡȼǷӣ͵ý
ٟRݾ֮£ƼƣӼڿɻȣ
ȻԸֻǴҲɲǡƼƵ·ģ
ٟRס
԰ӼǰУƽι̣ٟRֵ̾ʷ˵Т꣬书һ
ʷ˵Т̫.漫ΪǢô԰ӵڽ⣿
Ų߲̋ϵ㽫̨۶ڷӵأĶôؽТڳڣصҪ˴԰ӣͼ
ٟRԶŵТڴ˵УģпТ벻ʮﾹ¹Ӽࡣ
Ľ̨ľûʲôǲġ
ôô˵ҶʦľԶ䰡ٟR
ٟRͯЦʲôʱţĳ˲ˡʱ򣬵Ҳͳˡ
ٟRͣȻͻСѾˡ
ǳЩ˸ˡ¶һЦ⡣
ʦ˸ʲôٟRͷվϣԽСӣԽϲ˵¡
ûʲôֻǵĹӼ»᲻˳
ôܣҿ԰¾޺ˣʱӼһΪ¹ʩС
ϣӦ˹⻰ڳ꣬Ӽƣϣһ˿
ٟRҲܸоʦԹӼƵӣοʦʦͷİɡ㡢ҡƼƣ϶˳˳ġ
紵ɢȣٟRеµ֧֣һ˳


158 



ĵһ 
ڶ,ԭĿΣȴʷ̫ǰٟRЩ֣Ϊʷ̫Ǵ,Ҫ,ʷ̫ѾٟR,ʷʦضôˡ
ӼǱ,鲻,볼˿Ρʷ̫
ʲô£ٟRʡ
ֲ,ŵʷ̫ڿ鰸,ʷ̫л٣ٟͬR,£öˡ
ٟRһף,ǲ,¿Ҳ֪ʦεģС£
ѽ
ʷ̫ÿÿٟRϿζҪٟRŹ־ĥʱ,ʷ̫Ҳĥ
һӦ֮ߡΪ㷲ٟRĿҵΪ,,ǲ֪,ֻǵĵ¶Բ,Ĵ,Ҫιˡ
ġѾ,𾪣Ҳı䲻ʵˡĸǰͽ̹ңҪΪ飬Ҫڵ¡ٟR˵ʷʦĿΣǶû鱾Ź˻ȥȡ
ٟR֤ģҵȷȡ鱾Ҳʱ䣬ʷ̫ٟRˣ˾˸԰ʧ𣬷ǵ԰ûˣ˵صĲʹ
ٟR˫͵ĵɴ٫hǷһ֣ʣôʧģ
չｪӱǷ׷׿ʷ̫
ٟRҲڵʷ̫Ļش
ʷ̫ҡͷĲ³ϹȥˡģҲѱͷ˲ġ
Ҳ̫ˡ֣˵
ٟRü壬չＸ˵ҸʦȥǱ¾ȻأˣҲңôͻȻŻˣ
չʧ𣬱ȻҪ̲¶ֹȥʧԵɣΣµձ֪
ٟRһʧ𣬹Ӽ֮Ҫˡ
֣οٟRҲûӵ£˭뵽ʧء
ǰ
ʷ̫ģϿΰɡ
ٟRΪӼеϧԵܰæʧֻȵˡٟRԼλȡҪõ鱾ٟRϿˡ
磬㵽ٹ֣̫󣬴˵˹԰ʧĵ顣
ڷѼһ飬صҲˡ򻹵ʬȷȼպĺۼĵطοֵһ
֣̫ʣʲôʱģ
˻⣬ԭ԰յ˵زƫһ޵Ķ磬̷ƣ԰յľʣЩͺͺſ򷿿ˡ
̲һ飬ؽ²
ǡ
ίʵûʲôϢ
԰ʧƼ޸ɣƹӼ࣬ҲõЩΡ˵԰ʧ֮£ٟRĸ˵û˱ƼƸѹˣһĶ˹Ӽϣնȥ԰š
ɵ۵ƽʱƼƵҲġ
ǰɡٟRҲͬԼ۵㣬ʣѡլӸӼ࣬԰ճʱòˡ
ɵ۵԰ոʧܵȲԵɣ˵լԺ֮¡
ٟR⣬Ϊʲô
RƼƽʱ԰İҲòס
԰ʧܲƼƸɵİٟRˣܵǰ
ȣ԰ʧƼƱ²֮ƼһûãͷϤĵܱʧӼҲһһϦ֮£ͣδӡ಻ͬٴ͹ӼլԺ
ֳ⻰Ҳ
ٟR޻ɱ磬ͷҲǡ
Ψһҵľǣʷ̨Ҳû²Ƽơ
ƼƵҲС
ڶϿΣٟR԰İӣһжõ֪
ٟRʣƼƻðɣ
õ̾
ȰӲġҲһ¹Ӽ࣬Щʬλز͵ʲݵģ綼ȥٟR
СƵ˵¶΢΢Ц⣬Ƽ̫ͱ¸ǰ˵ûˡ
ʵʵ˵Ƽﻹ֪ôѹԸӼµľˡ
±Ƽ˵ˡ
ٟRüëĿ飬Ƽλ˶ˡ
ġʡĸûƼƵ
˵Ȼʥգһ˳ûƼƴӹӼ𡣡
ǲЩϣӼƵˣٟRʡ
ȫǡϣӼƵˡ
ΪʲôٟR룬Ǿų԰£ƼƲŸǷȱùӼ֮£
鴽̣û˵
٫h̲סС˵ѽ
֣hh㣬⣬ɹӼô£Ƽƿ϶ҲҪЩεġ
չﳤһգüͷһֺܿɿƼƿϧ
ٟRɫӼƵ׹¾ٴ룬Ƽġ԰֮£ƼҪҲŻбƼƸʺֹӼƵѡ
¸߿ƼƣҲͿ˳аٹ١
ٟRЩŭ飬ʦô£ܸй
ͬ˵ʵһƼƲǲڶӼ¹ѳ˲żüãѵûһպ«ưģҲ߯ˡ
ƼģҲһֱƼޡƼδдôܻأ
´ȡ֮֮ˣʱ뾡һа취Ƽ
ٟR飬Ͼˣ
ٟRһ棬ֻϸĿͻˡ
ʲôأ
ٟRк棬ȴû׷ʡоõʦԼᡣ
֪ǲѻЧû죬ϵѲʷϱӰϣ֮¡
ʷϱɵ۱ҪƼơ
ʷһֱڵ۶Ϊ٣Ҳڵ۶ϼµĶѪԶˣƼ֪Щ¡
ƼƵòϼңȷд£±ϰ졣
ɵعٸ¡
δ壬ӼǱ֮£ڴۣҪ鳯͢Ƽһѹ¡ɴ˾ټǵǿҷڼ֮£ȰĽةͻ
бԱ飬԰ʧ֮δ壬Ƕв͸֮ݻԺʱǡͼ֮
ٟRЩӣ֪Լ顣԰ʧûһ춯ص£ɺȻ䣬Ӽһ¾ˡ
ǲòãϾ԰ˡ
ƼһǹӼ࣬ų£Ƽڼڲʹƿڼ½
һֱ֧ƼƵٟRЩķƼƵҲЩ㡣
ÿ˼ʣǾ䡰ֻϸĿͻˡٟRͷٟRӺ£Ż鰸ĸĸӼҪô죿
֣̫īƼӼ񣬽Ӽãٸƣ°빦
ٟRͷϾ԰ʧ¡ֻҪûƼƸְ߱٣Ƽƣлᡣ
ֻǣڹѧ˳ĸƣŵӼ࣬ȻôزۣٟRжЩź
һ
ٟR롣


159 



ĵһ 
㳢档
̵֧ԲԲС,СΣƼǫİ˫ֽӹµݸĴ档
԰,һˡٟRԼҲӹø,ҧһڣ֭ӿ,ٟR۾
ƼҲҧ˿Լ棬ȷִɿ,𡣡ƼƵ,ҳֱѩ档
۹⡣ٟRָָͷĴ,ѩ,ǵĹӺóԣ쿪ʱ,ѽһ滨¹¿,һѩʱ,ԺӶġ
񡣡Ƽ˳ٟRĻ˵ȴ룬ö˶˵,ҳʲô˼Ҫ뿪۶뿪ӼƵλã
ٳʧƼ𵭵ᡣ,Ȼڹǰ¶
Ƽʱ,ٟR,Ƽ,ʲô㣿
Ƽһʱ,㣿
ǰʱʧ,ôģٟRʵĸ
ӼʧܣǳĹʧƼȻ
ֲʹʧġѾˣ˻ǵǰ
ƼЩţϾ¸ջ档
ƼŻش𣬡ʱܽУɳ룬¹ǶԵģ³μְ֮Ӽ̥ǣһգ¹Ͻиơ
ݲܽԺΣ㣬żɼ·ְࡣѧʶɼµķΪһ࣬Ҳ㲩ʿҵϸӼأԺЩ޹ˣʲôСС¥СҶ棬ԲԽࡣӼǶĵطǾͶ顣
ƼһԼĴ˵ȴмӹԱϹ
ٟR룬
ĶԡٟRƼƣӼ˵ǳ͢ԺԺרѧʡ
ҲͬԼ뷨Ƽ԰ȣɡڼ֮λ˾֮
ٟRЦûǷϾ̫ˡ
ƼƼ⣬Ϊ棬֮⡣ѵˣǹ
ٟR˵ͦġ
⼸죬Ұͷβһ飬ܾźٟ֡R벻ͨĵطڹӼжģҷǳӶҪȥ԰ţ԰ʧ֪ܵĿ¾㡣Ҳûй㣬ɽ˱Σͻûй㣬ȴҲ룬ǲ㲻ְ
ٟRüͬƼƵ㣬еָоỳﻹһ⼸£ļƴأģȴֵͷϡ
ʲôԵʣٟRɻ󣬡Ҹоҵ˲ݡ
Ƽ´Ȼ£
ٟRҡҡͷûһ顣
ٟR峺ж˿㣬Ҿᱻݡ֪һѣֻҪ㲻٣ֻҪԴ׳־㣬Զ֧㡣
һ˲ĸжƼȻۿ촽ʶĲȴһʱ֪˵ʲô߲ʲôĻԱµ顣
ƼһҾֻһ¡ɬ˵


160 



ĵһ 
ƼͳĿƾٹԱ,ڼΣӦǾġ˲ɡ˲áĿ϶ӦǡʿΪ֪ʶ֪
˹Ѫе롣
ƼƵĹλ,Ҳλ֪ü
ֻ,ƼҲ벻һԸͿԱĶ󲢲Ǿ,һλССģ¡
ٟR,СŮԲ,͸,ɫ֣ء
ССĹ,ҲǺõġ
Ƽ롣
ڹºĹٳϣһ֧,㣬ƼƱһ˿ů⡣
ƼٴһҾм,л¡
ٟR·,ƼƻŲףʼգһֱ֧,ҲʼٟR
ƼһҾҾٟRЩ˼,ڰС,,Ҿǰﻰ,
Ƽ,˵,Ҳֻĸм
˲ɣ˲áٟRҲƼǸ֪жĺˣָָΣƼ£ٟRһ䣬ڼȻҪУ㲻Ҹʱ䣬͹Ӽ̸ͬһ̸ºһЩµļƻıϡ
ʱܵõ֧֣ƼƶǺ¡
ƼƵǡȥฮ̡
˵ЩٟRƼѩ棬ƼüȥԡƼлµʹͣŹ¿϶ǲ֪֮ˮ
ôѣƽʱͶûѽ
ƼֱֵԽùûӡ
һʱ飬ʹѩ뿪ٹ
ٟRƼ̸̸ԼҲֱչǰ˵ˣհԶ
չҪǫ䣬ٟRʣգ˵ǰ˵ΣǲǿҪģ
£ҵֲ㡣չ˵һֱŻƼƵļƻã쵶ն顣ڼһΪҵԭ룬ضȻʧ㡣û뵽⣬ӼƲòݻ
ҲƼƵķӺáٟRСݣܷУѧʶһ𾴣ԼҲٟR˵ܿĺô϶óóĽ෴˵ǿľգѰĵطΪӼƲ̫
չҲˣʲôأ
ٟRеͬؼңࡣ
ҾҵҡҵΪˣȷ֤ݣӲǷǡչһҵô˵ɡ
С
ٟRƽδ׹е⣬չ鶨󣬻ĸ֣̫ἰ֣̫ϳɣƼǶԵġ벻һȡ֣RҲҪסһ㡣
ܾţӰӰ´µĲʣ԰µôˡ
ȥʰɣͷҲҽһ
ٟͬRԨԴȻһټ
һѺ֣Ѿ²µҪʲô˾
¼ƽˣϸڣ¼ĺ
ٟRչϸֱˣ׵۶幫Ĳʹһ˾͵˵۶˾ͨˣһʵʵĹӣֻ׶ӡ׹ź˸׵Ĳʹ
ͬദò
ĸҲѹţôһͨˡ
ٟRžڣǸͨˡ
ӰˣҪͨˣĸӶѹţԼϥ¿տգҪ̸ߵġĹӣѾʮˡ
ٟRԣæ׷ʣǲ鵽ʲôû
ҡͷһ񡣰ˣҲദͬ˵֮£˵Ů⣬ǿ󡣡
⻰ܿѽٟR֪Ӷںܶ壬ǱҪġҪһûӣ̣ҲҪһжġ
һϥ¿տʮ꣬˵ĻͺܲѰ
Ҳһ˵˼ƺ쳾Ҳ˶ҪӵģʦͲɼңҲûӣúõġ
䴽ǳ飬£븮澣˵۶̸һȡ
˵һ˶ҪӡٟRҲĻԣúò飬Ǹʵˣô֮ܵҹ֡
ǡҲɡ
Ϣ˵һ
ǡ
㱨ˡ
ٟRĥţǰһ죬չؼҵʱٟR˾׼ϵˮչһȥͬչ˵֪йԱй񱣬ԸⱻʹͣȻˣؼңǸģһȥ
չ֣л
ؼңȼŮټˮŮ¶壬УʱͷҲ
ڹỤ̊ƣ»Բһ˲˿ҩ򲻵ѣ転֮ҩ
ⲻΪ˿Щá
𣿡෴ʡ
չҡͷҾͺôµ¼ġ
ڳҲʮ꣬Ӽƶ͸ʲô׸
ϸ˵˵Ҳס
⿿Ǿ飬ˣȻжϡ
չɵĿԼףģ
ţΪλҡū⻬ƤëԳŮ
ûţҾǾãƾжϵıͦġƽҾʦҲһȣǵ
΢ǣ鼱ˡ


161 



ĵһһ 
,ٟRҲûš
ź˾׼֣̫һ˳ȥ
,,Сһ
ԼͬУ
ҽȥѧѲӡٟRеͬĸĸ,΢˽ãǼ,һ
ٟR˵ģ,֣̫Ц,Ǿȥ,úÿ
ٟRС浶ĸһȭ,ǶȥˡԵ⵶ٟR춼УӼ£ŸҪš
Ϊ⵶,ٟR⻻ˬװ,ͷҲֻ˸٣򵥵÷ţȫٟRƽʱС黨СĻ硣
,ҲǼĵģ⵶,ô,Ҳͬɫ,СɰǾµ˫塣
˵Ҳ֪һɰ˫,ֻܹٟRĳˡ
ѧʹܽ,ԭǹһԷ,Ϊѧ
ٟR³Ҫȴѧǰ£ٟRССڶ࣬ܿһ֣ʣСӲԺѧӣʲôˣǹѧйأǱԺѧӣҪнϰڡ
ӴˡٟR֮ǰֳһа׹ݳţȻû˸ҸҪ
ٟR˾һۣ˾ȡƣݸӹһٹ֣һ˾Ʒ̱֪ǹƷŮ٣æһ˫ַƣСùˡСͽȥͨ
ٟRסأҾǹ壬ؾ׹ݳ
ݳϾ˹ѧ
ӴˡٟRһЦͬ˾ǵʮӡͬʹϸ£ԺҲҪ
ԭĸոǲǵ˹ˣϷʹͣͷʯ˲أֵ˫͸ŨŨϲãҾлʹ͡˫ֽӹ
ԶԶٟRݺػصǰһ񣬼
ٟRڹѧתתգѧҲϿΡڵ۶ģܻؼһաڵ۶ģҲͬȥ档
ȻҲоڹѧϳġ
ٟR˵ϱ̾Ҫȥ֡˾һ˵Ѳӵô
˵һ߶֪ȫ裬ҲѲӵһְٟR
˾һ֣ٟRȥϳ
ϳУ߶ϣԶԶһȲʺٟRӿŲȥͼϳΧˣΪ˿ȵϣߣұ߶ϴϣҰá
ٟRôСӣֻΧתȥ
ڳӸҰãٟRԺͷ˸Ļͷԣʮģһ˫Ĵ۾ٟRٟͬRõܣгСŪ˼λӡ
΢֪ƽʱЩʹҲֳ֪С̵ıһλˡ
߶ϻʮλŮòһλ곤ׯϼõĹùãȶٟRȭһ񣬡Сϣǣ̫ˣСҹùáҲλá
ȥͬļ磬ͬó·
ͷѧŮæãлõĻ˵㻹ýˣ
øǱݵʱ
ٟRȥԭһȦģмſΣһ֪ǳġñ߶ͬóʮѣٟRŮ
ŮҶкӳд𣬡úǱˣҼͰܽг￴Ц
һ̣ܲ˼ٟR
ٟRûó˷һţǴۣٶ֮죬𳾷ϲʴٟRһʣ
߶ȴˣ̽µǶӡۼҶͷ
̽ǰһԱͷһһײϱ˳ļ绬£һߣϴ߶ͬӯƯٟRֺһʡ
ͷܶ˸źȲʡ
˾˿ӲһϽ棬ٟR¡
ߵȻ죬гϢһӡ
ԱϢʱٟRҲȲЪһЪù˰Ѵŵĵɢҳԣ油油
̽ӵĶԱҳһĴ򷨡ٟR֪ԭϻоʦ
ԱսͼӺü˹һͣǰɶ
޽Ǵδɵĺӡ۽Ƴġת۱㻻һЦٟRǰҾôˣô߶ǺӡȥǱ߶ɡһָǱ߶Ѿڳˡ
һˣ̵ǰɶ˰
ɶϵģǰ벽˼رǶԱǣͬͷƾеʨۿҪһܵӡ
ٟR濴Ҫôû˴ġ
һ˰벽˹˹ĵĻشٟRĻûȥġ
Ȼڱϸŵͷ˶죬ģ
߶ϻһһûμӱžӢҲŵСԴ͸ǵĻ
ҶˣͲȥˡȥɣúߣҿ߶ߵͦáٟR˵
źȻʣߣվӮɣ
ǲǣֻܶʹ汾£˭Ӯˣһͷһӣ͸ʤĶ顣ٟRǡ
ȻףٟRһ񣬡Ǿȹȥˡ
׹ݳʱ򣬱е°볡ٟRͷϣδš
̽·ʤȲʻ쳹ϳٟRҲվкùƣ׹ݳŹȥٟR
ٟRЦһ̧֣̫Ȥˡ׹ݳһΪڿϱ㾹ڣ
Ҹڰõ¡׹ݳȫƶȤ˼ٟRһǸʤ佱ͬһΣ
ȻˡٟRһӦ¡
ѧ׼ýƷʤһɵͣܵһǰһ룬ҪܳͷĨϡ
߶ѧЦˣٟRԪæ˫ֽˣӮϲãҲбٟR佱ٹ⡣
ɵݳҪλȰ佱ֻ粽ػϣ֪ݡ
¸룬ٟR˵ߵĺܺá
æǫѷ˵ǴһһŬĽ
׹ݳнͷܱѧǶ
ٟRοûʤȻˣ٣´Ӯͺˡ
˶һף⻰ˣҵ٣ѵùûӮ
ôߵĺܺá̽ҲֻʤһѡٟRЦǺǵء
׹ݳȫ£˵˼ҵĳ滰ٟRȥáͼԺѽѧĴԱʿԼĹԱĻ˳񶼹Һˣ׹ݳٟRιۡ
ǽϻٟRҲЩ⣬ǰѧʺһ뾹Ҳ
ɼѧ˲ŵǺܾĵġ


162 



ĵһ 
ѧ˵̥ǲΪ,ȻҲѧβ޹ϵԸ¹ѧ¹ѧһѧùҲ֮ˣ,ѧܹ,ȻиĹۡ
ٟRлϰ죬򢡢뼰ءϷΧߵɸ߹,û°ͣǶࣿ
೤ٟRԲ۾,Ҳڵ۶,ûɣɲ,,ϸ߹ţ,Ҳ
Σ࣬ԭͼԺĻʦŶò,ļá֪ѧҪùĻ,ƴΣ¹룬ʵסȥ,˵Ļ¹Ҳû취
ٟRЦ,˶޲ܰԼÿ,൹һ,û񡣡
̾,˵⻭㻨˶ӡ
ٟRһЦ
ι۹,ǰû뵽,ѧҲٳǰ˵˲űҲΪ
䲢δǫѷǽ裬˹ѧٹ⡣ִƹѧƶѧ׼гѧӣǸٻӵܣѧ併ͣʮʮѡγԾʷҲԺ֡ѡʮΪޣгɲ֮ˡ
ⲽԺйľ£ٟR˳űʯϣָָλӣйٟRף˵Ĺѧ±𿴹ѧ˲Ӽ࣬ѧҫʱȫѷڹӼࡣ
ٟRʣˣ
䴽һЦ֪ѧôģҪ߶ͬͬϦĿɲá
ٟRֱЦ֣սЩʰ䣬ؽɣӹѧоѧƣƵİûӣֻѰ·ᣬѧһΪ
һЩİҲЦˣ˰ϲߣӹһյٟRѧ󣬽һ֧֡
ͬͬĽٟRӹһٱĶͷ˰衣
æһ롣
ٟRһָ֣̾ϧӼûܳȴһ͡²룬ٟRпһ䣬̫ϧˡ
ӼǧԷǹѧɱȡ
ԺôٟRΪͬС졣
һ
ٟRкβͬ
£ѧһСѧԵĶȥӼǧǵӣʮ֮˾ŽԳˡ
ҲΪҺá
ѧѵΪҺãһ˷ԡ˵£ѧġɹӼ࣬ǰҲҽɽ
ٟRģзԵˣӦռ֪Ǽڵǧĺ¡
һ㵡ٟR˵Ӽ൹ǰЩߵų⡭ͼ伸ƵϾ㤵ɫһ״ˣ
ҲгǸᣬܲȻĻָƽٟRʣôˣո˵Ĳԣ
£ôѽĹ٣֮ʣԼĸʷ˼佫֮ңټϰ飬һ׳ΪҲǿɣЩ꣬ڹٳε⡣
ǻԵɺϣõٟRڵ۶ո¶ͷǵĻᡣ
ٟRϣɫ£ĵسϣó˵Ǽڵǧĺ£Ÿס
ΪΣٟRǺ£Ȼܵõ˵֧֡
˶еµĹġ£Ӽ水ĸƳɹôӼཫΪ˵ʥءֹӼƵˣõǶԱı룬궡ιѧݳƾһ֮ѧʢΪ˳ƵοӼ࣬ģλԶʤѧٱ
ٟRЩףȴѵ£ɵĺô
£ֻǺôҲ뵽
ٟRЩã̶룬Ҫ˴˽ͷҲ֮顣
ٟR˵Ϊ裬ԼҲһ롣ٟRģߴ٣׹ݳ˵ѽ
˵ʲôزʲôףҪ˵ʲô
ٟR峺ޱȵĿ⣬䷢֣¡治ף
ģ治ף
ոյĻƺЩɣ˵˵ˣ޻ڣδϵµˣ
ڹµ֧ɹѧƣ
ҲǳԼϹĥģ֪Բԣ
ⶼ˵һˣ˵£ûͬ˵Щ˽ٟRͦԸ
˵ˣ£õĶõ£룬ӼƵĲʹٴѡ
ѾƼѽ

ٟRü˵ģ
˴¡
Ǽ͵һ仰ٟRȴƽؾף޵Ĳʸ͵һ޴ڵɢˡ
һֱ԰ʧƼ˱̫ɣɵ񼡣
ԣǡ
˹Ƶġ
ٟRʣ֪˭ɵĲ
ʧЦ⳼áǸոյĻҲû֤ݣֻϹ¶Ȱˡ
ӼȻˣٟRѹ£䣬׹ݳƽʱͦĥġ
ӼĴ£ֻҪǳϹԱעġ
Ҿ˵һٟRǣ֧ƴˣ֪Щƴ޸ɣƴ˺ԩҲƴȥġ
䱻ٟRԺˣʲôףʳЩףҲûСӰ졣
˵Щû뵽ٟR˵Ҳ֪ô¡
壬´˳ϡӼδɣܵõΣƼƶ¶顣
ǼļƼأҵȻƼơٟRΪѰ֪ڳʱм˷£۵Աǰ̡ȻֲһԩԱˣŹԱλ
RԾΪ룬ƼƲˡ
ٟRʰ䣬׹ݳ˵Ϊʲôôأ
вɡ
ʲôش
䲻мһڣٟRвô֮£ܶ˲ţ
ٟRЦ


163 



ĵһ 
ǰٟRŰƫ,˵ʹȤ
ٟRһˣҪͳԷ
׹ݳ,緹ʱ,˵Ҫռ棬,һҼеļ档
ٟRԭϲͣܰ׹ݳ,ȥ׸š
,ϸ,еĲ졣ȸһ·,ֵת,Լһʱ䣬͵һƬݼĸڡ
ٳ,ż׵ľ佫ſڰڷŵҲսʯʨ,¡
ٟRȥʣĶ,佫ס߶ô
׹ݳڳУٟR,˵һ,ʨӷ,һ佫ס߶ǰ׽լ,һҪԶһЩ
ٟRϸ,ǰ׼Ұ׹ʶü,ƽʱ˽綼׹μӣǺܺõѡ
ٟR˵ѽ׹ݳⲻ˾˼ôô׽׽ģ֡
׹ݳһһۣڵǰȻҪƹְ
ԻСݸٟRʣСҲ⸽ô
ٟRССϻصصµĻ뷻ʨӷһһЩԶ
׽ڣԼһ֮أ㵽һɫŵլԺʢʨӷԺǰڷ˼ҵķŶա
׹ݳСܹȥţŷǴүؼңǰӭг˳Ŀˣæȡż˳š
׹ݳŷһﲻ̣ȥ̫̫һй͵
ŷСܽȥˡ
׼һӦöĹٸۡͬűķһԺᣬԸᣬԺлȣԶ㴻дУ˿⡣
ٟR˾ǵһ³
̫̫ѾСʱ΢΢ףСˡڱӵмٟRϡ
̫̫˾ǣٟRݣæ첽ǰ
ٟRЦŷס̫̫ض񣬽͵ġ
׹ݳһ壬ͬĸ׵ȥѧѲӣԭȥͷ÷ĸ˵ҪԼ棬µгۼҵķζ
̫̫ܻϲ̫ˡֻǼҳգί˵¡
ٟRͱǫˣ׹ݳ˵ҼҪƵڶû˸ҳƵһ
̫̫ӣǫѷڵǰڡ
׹ݳæ˵£ҿû˵
ٟRЦʱţҲ˼
̫̫˫׹ݳҲЦˣҼҵļ汾Ҳζһ
׼ҵҲʰĿ£ϸߵʹֲܶ񣬲һ䣬⻨ĺá
Ժ̫ˣŨҾͰѻڡ̫̫ٟRŮò
ٟRôҶ˵
̫̫ţⶼҪˣöСٟR˵ȥ׼緹׼ҳѾԤֻͣûϵüʮӡ
̫̫壬ܹĸѵҽӵһˣЩæֶŮ㹫¡
׹˵ڹң̾Ҫѹȥ׼Ů춼ڰ׼Ϸ˸ǰ˵ϷŮȥ´磬ٷԸŮСҽĲ˶ȸǹ̫̫ǱȥнʵĹߣҲõ̧ȥ
ͬ׷˵Ȼ档Ǳ٣ʮѾʮСӣҲ͹̵ˡ
׷̵˸֣̹ȥСǱ߰ģʣĸףǲҲԤȥ밲߶没ֶŮϱϷˡ
Ϸ˵֪µ˼ֻҲԤšӽ죬ӽȥ⣬٣Ǳȥ밲ֻ˽ãǾͲҪš
˵꣬ŮϱȸԻȥ׼ˡ
׹ܿ컻ȹϷ˿ŮһʯȹҲ´ʯСһЦÿ
׹˵ЩæȻܸÿ
ϷЦۣŮ֣ȥɡ٣빫죬ȥ㹫˵˵
šĸȥˡ׹ʹѾӣȥˡ
ٟR׹ҲͦˣŰ׹˵ôˣ
ҼҸҾ͸һ֣˸ҵģ밲С˵ĸ˵Ҳ밲ֵĴŵ¡
ûʲôŵġֻⶼҪˣЩȣα˼ҡ˵˵ͺá
ٟRϲʽ٣ų̫ٟRņ£û׼Ů졣
ãȥѧǾٰϱ㶼֪жÿٟR׹˵
׹ҵһͳȥˣ˵Ǹ꼶ϱǺЩͬԼȥơҲȥˣҪ֪ȥҲȥ
Ҳ֪ǵ˹ѧ˵ٟR²һָССĵܵ̽ӵľʦر̽ӮˣҸ׹ݳһǰĽƷ
ٟR²ۣ㲻֪׹ݳ佱ʱӣ޲ܰѱ
ٟRһ룬첲Զӵݸ׹еǿ̵ģİ׹ЦСĹ𴽽ǡ
俹飬£ίʵԩû
ġٟRŤͷ˵̽ӵͷһ㻹źۼüˣҶġ
׹ӹĲŻȥұܰɾģڻöˣ㲻֪ǰǴûҪ
Ϊɶ
죬Ǿ죬ҪڹԺгģҲûϴ衣ڼңÿҪԡΡֵ˼˵ʥ˹ԴǺ˵Լƺ쳾ˡ׹ߴ˵Լұֵ¡
ٟR׹һЦ
һ޿ģĵ˵ⶼɶɶֱûһԵģȫԣ
俴׹ۣôãӽ࣬Ҵͣɶ˵ؼ˵ԣ
ٟRۼ̸߰׹ף׹ݳոտˣء
׹ŤͷԼұһۣȻٟR£ǲģ̧ۿٟRһۣ۾һ򴽣̧ۿٟRһء
ٟRͷԶԶԣ
û£ұС˭ñˣͻ˭ӡ׹Ц
ٟR֪İ׹ݳСϰߣЦʰ׹Ҫ˵۸ô
ǰر𻵣ǻһСͽңӽ㽲£ȻҽرµĹ£ŵ϶˯׹粻ˣڴͷ϶˱
ٟR棬ʲôʽô
ǰǹ׳ֵĵطҵ˵ϱͲҳˡ
ٟR˵ףŻǻ°
ΪԼףǿ㵨С㿴ڵ˰ɡ
׹ǰʲô£ҽ½ģҵӱСöࡣ
һʱ£֪ˣΪ˳η塣ӽٴη嵽ηʱˡ
һΪֳģٟR˵׹ݳ治ǹС֣ƪģֱš
Сʵܲ⻰пǰʱ׹ݳ壬񿴣ѧʸǴǡ
̴ССۣ侮ʯǵڹѧǳʤŰǽӣ
Сɫ˵ʤ˱ҳ£οҵʱǳʤʤ˵ģ
ҪҵùĲȵʺӰ췢ӣӮ
ų£Ȳȹʺܳ
ۼС׹ݳ͵ʱϱǹལٟRӶͻݵ˴ӹѧҵʱ䣬Ҳʮǰ˰ɣ
Ȼڶû¡
۶ġ
ٟRŴȤ壬˵˵զ£
ֵĸƵģ֪÷նôá˾ǵҲܵܵд
ٟRڰ׼Ъ˸ΣŻصĹ
ٟRһ춼ֺǺǣ˯ʱ˾ǣ裬׹ݳҲƷ٣ĸûھ밲ʱôû̫̫
˾ǸٟRźͷ£͢йأ븾ʧ£ܴھ
ٟRһʧʲô°ǷܼһӣŻôŮĲھ˻ܼ𣿡
ǿԵġ
е㲻ѽ
ϲкܶ࣬һʱҲ˯ɡ
ٟR˵ֲð׹ݳȥҳԷȥĸװɡ


164 



ĵһʮ 
ٟRĥһذ̫̫ھ,ô붼¶⣬Ҫ˵˷ףŮھ,ǺоͲ˷ˣ
˯, ڶϣٟRû˸ĸ˵,¶ԣӦƽȶԴޡ
֣̫,Ҳϻ,Ҫ,Ҷ벻
ҲǼŰ̫̫֪ٟRøС,ҾҲ̫ƽˡ
֣̫ٟͬRĻǲЩֻҪЩ
ʲôģ׹ݳƷѾԸĸھ,ϷӣĸˣھˡٟR˵
ûôס֣̫İ,ûǴ,дڳ͢ɷġҪ̫̫ھȸɷɷȵþڸ,پ飬޸ġ
ٟRɴ۾,ô鷳
Ȼأ
ĸ㲻رµּ,Ͱ̫̫ھôٟR,¶󡣰׹ݳƷ,ְ,̫̫ҲǸƷھ
⵱ȻǿԵġ֣̫,ֻǣʶ̫̫ʶ̫̫ݶ䡣ûУж㲻ʶŮӣҲɨءжŮӣںţڿͼ尾
⻰ʵٟRĬˡ
ٟR룬ͷҲŶû뵽
֣̫¶Цݣûϵ뵽Ҳǹһһˣ˺βء
ٟRԭͺθУĸ˵ӦġٟR˵ʦʡҪôⲻʵɷȡ¶ɣð׹ݳ̫̫ھ
֣̫Цá
ٟRùţϻعСһĲȥˡ
ϵһ ʷ̫ĿΣٟR֪ʷ̫ǰ׹ݳĴ󲮣׹ݳףʷ̫õܣѪԵϵ൱
ʷ̫һ߿̰壬뵽ʷ˽̸ֹԼʷ̫Ůʷʵ벻ʷ̫õǸʲôˡ
ʷ̫üۣţҲѿʱӦҲͦ
׹ݳӦûЩġ
ʷ̫غٟRջ˼Ρ
һڿһʱмϢһ֣ٟRԵĺȲˮɶġҲǽٟRеɢءʷ̫̹ѧṵ̂ġ
ʳ飬һʱϢһӡ
ٟRǹ
裬ʷ̫㣬˵ĲǼġ
ȿڲ裬ʷ̫һڴٟRʣܿ
ٟR˵ҿʷʦü۲֪е׹ݳ
ٟRһ䣬ʷ̫ɫЩѿ²յҪ˵ҲϷ򡣡
֣죬ٟͬR˵ǰ׹ݳ϶ʷʦеģǱݡ
ʷ̫ͬ塣
֣ʷ̫æ졣
ٟRʷ̫ŸڳһĳģܳϿҵ˵ȥ¹ѧŰ׹ݳͻȻ;ͦġ˵׹ݳڣɲ͸ʷʦһģӿ̳ġ
˵ʷ̫ԺԺϾԼӵܣǰһʷǼ״󲮣Ҳһ¹ģ
ʷ̫԰䲻û⣬Ӳ˵㲻ǡʷ̫׹ݳѧϣǺгЧġ
ٟRû뵽ʷ̫԰ôߣ˵һ̫ˡһ϶Ӱ佱˼ͷһԴĺ޲˼Ұ˰ԶҿʹŰѽꡣ
ʷ̵̫ôǰɾġʥ϶˵һݲɨɨ¡£ҲЩýࡣ
ٟR˵˵ð׹ݳëҿ׼Ҷ佫ýġ
׼ңʷ̫ḧϵ΢ޣǿ̲ϳ۰׽ֻһˡ
Լ֮֮ˡ
˵ıʵʷ̫ߡ
ٟR⻰̱¶˵ԼѧʶԨƾгɣͿ佫佫ǹͨҲء
佫ҲӲˣӵƶӡоʷ̫԰׼ɧӶò֮ܺ١
ʷ̫̬ȣٟRֱ̾ԭһ׹ݳ˵˵ͣ¶ɲס
ʷ̫˲һĶ԰׼ҵ̬ɫ׹ݳԭѪԵˣ֮϶󵼲ֵġ
춼ԼٟRʷʦ԰׼ҵ̬ȣϾʷʦǹ飬ȸɷµþڸۣʷʦҪһƱٟRԺȰʷʦ˵Եģ׹ݳ಻ѽǴѵµģѵģݼڣ԰׹ݳһƬȳԵ˸ϱӳƵģܸô
ֻҪף֪ûһǹʷ̫ĵ
һʷ̫Ƿ·ףٟR棬ʷʦŵġҴƱһӣҲ
ʷ̫ɸߵĵʱйһ룬ΪԲڵ̾˿ȥ£αᡣ
ٟRֱЦԭҲ֪Ҳȫ
ʷ̫ΪԼұףٟRһ֣ˣ֪̬ȾˡʼϿΰɣЪˡ
ʷ̫ʱҭᣬ˵֪̬ȣǸɶ˼׻ﲻҸ˵˵Ͱ˵ϵͦõģ
ٟRҪϿΣʷֻ̫ðһ˵ĻȥٟRϿˡ


ڶ Ŀˡ
鱧ÿʷֹ̫ٟRٟR飬˵˵ʦˣض񡣡
һ֣á
ʷ̫ͬǰ˵Լ˽£ʰᣬٟRĿγ̽Ҫ֪ˣԺ밲˵Ҫֶ˵ͣǼס˵ġ
ٟRʷʦпֻܹ˾ǵʷʦ
зЩ죬ʷ̫ǾԶ֮ģôˣҪ밲
źã鿪ʼϿΡ
γٟ̽Rȥ滨Ժţ˵ƽصķַʣϳʱҷԸŷɿڳʳʦһͬ
麬Цлǳпڸˡ
֪ʦ㰮⣬Ѿͼͷ񲿣Աˡ
лʹ͡

īйʰٟRͬٹ·Ͼͬ齲һҪºʦ顣
ɣһ¸˵˵ܸ°ģ޶
¶ɲףЩ¡
֣棬ʲô£ܲܰ
һҸ˵һ⣬Ǽ¡
ٟR˵չＸҲ
ٹȥ֣̫밲֪ٟRţ֣̫ٟRС밲ԸҲȽϲۣЦڳһĺɫȥɡ
ǡ˵һ·Ը
ٟRĸգգۣ֣̫Ʋסһ£ţ޷
ٟRĸȻԺˡ
ȥɡãůͣҤﻹвصĺϣ˸͹ȥֻǷſʳá
ð֪ġ
뵽кϳԣٟR˵۾
滨ԺٟR̫رãһ˿綼ûУ°š
խûôõСһ˶ҲǴӴʢţǾСʳڼϣ㹻ˡ
ٟRϴ֣ӹֲɣ̫̫˵ˡ
ǲ֪븾˲ھ£Ҳ̫׵ˡٟRʰռˣ֪²
չ֪ġֻߺ֮¼٣ǺܲҲܶŮӵĴѵûˣ
ǰûǰ֣Ҳ˵
ӱͷһŴµģӱľ˼飬¶Ǽƽز󽲾Ҳû˵ĹءǱߣһ壬峤ܲ峤˾Ͱ峤ˣ峤첿˿ţӹĺǲ
ǼչҲͷһŴ˵£ٟRǾ˲ãĿӱӱ㣬£
ǰӱͷǶҪӣ˳Ĳź롣ȽǿӲģλŮ峤һԼˡ룬뻹÷˿ڷţ򣬲룬ǲȫԼô


165 



ĵһ 
ٟR͹ںĳ͢ɷͬһ,ӱ뺷ش𣬵վ°͡
⻹е̫ˡٟRɷԺŮӵĲҲŮӾѹ,źɱ,Ҳֵ
ӱڵ۶꣬Ҳ˽ԭĻ,Ц˵ǡҾǸ˵,иָ¡
٫hС,Щɱɱ,˵,ܸڵɷͺܺá룬Ҫû,˭ȥءӱͺܲùˡ
ٟRһhҲ֪£
٫hС˵׹ݳĸ׺Ǻѡ
˵,,ǿɱ˵ﶼǳȥ⹫ҵʱ͵͵ո,Ұ׼Ҳĸ˵ġ
֣ô͵ȥȥص۶˭֪ǰ׼Ҵ̫̫Ϲ,żʷҡ
٫hܲ,һΪѡ
ٟR֣˵,϶̰۫,̫̫
֣˵һ,۫ܵĻͦ
һ۫õĹhh游,˼ܡ
٫hССңǿһұѽ
֪ˡ֣Ӧ£٫h˵þǴ󷽷ȥ۫Ҳô
٫hҡͷУһС
֣
֣ĴС٫h͹裬˵Ҵòңɵ󵨡ǳ˳ҲһһǾҪʱѵġ
ԭ֣̫ųĽӱ֣Ļһ룬ɲô֣ϵСڰ̫̫ڸʱ֣Ҳһֱ̫̫ͬѡ
չҲѧ٫hĸǸĳ
ٟRףס٫hҴעû
ˣעѾдˣУ˵ע飬٫hǺΪĸԺġ
ٟR˵Уùĸ
٫hӦ¡
˾ǽݻѰٟͣRЦߣȥţ߳Ա˵
Ϊ绹йΣҲҪ񲿵δþơٟR˵£һŮôھĹأʦ룬¶ô׵
ʱٟR˵ı˵Ѳѣ˵ײס
ٟRϸʣĶ
ʣô
չв˵΢΢һ٣̧ۿ顣
ûϾ͸˵
ͷ̫浱µĹأװдɵġ£ױ˹Դ˵УŰ׹ݳĸ׵ͬ飬ǵ¿϶֪׼ʷҵ´ֱֵ֣ǰʷ߶꣬׹ݳǸСְ΢ֵһᣬ˭±ȳ
ֻҪڳһ飬ʷ̫л˵
Ѵڡ
ٟRʣ״أ
һ£ֲɾҪ񣬰Ҹ˵Ѵˣġ֭һڣҵһֵ֧¡
ٟRͶұʱ¶ˣһĸʦĸ׷ھ
һ֣лº⣬ĸ׷ھѾھ
ٟR֣ɶŮھô
鳤üһйڳ̫͢׷ĸھ
ٟRȻʦ
̾δҵǿƣĸˣײȰ̫̫и
ô˵ʦĸ˼Ҳֻȥˣ껹ڵġܷҲһġ
֪ٟR⣬˵ǡҲһʱп
ٟR֪ˣ˵ʦ㳢⣬ˡ
ұ㽫תɫʳϣ̶˵ٟRȥ¹ѧϱٟR׼˾ʹ͸ѧʤ̽ӡ
뵽һ£Ӽļ쵽ˣϲҪҪȥ
аٟRʣʲôʱ򣿡
Ѯ²죬ٰʣҪҪѲӹӼ༾
ٟRһӦ¡
磬ٟRټһ˾ܹܣ˾ƣǸ¹ѧ̽ӵģߵرáһŪϣһдϣף̽Ӷ߶滨֦дٹ滨󡣡
ץ㣬ҵҪ
˾ܹܱ֤һá
ٹ밲ٟRֳ˵ȥӼѲ£ûӦˡٟR߶߶Ÿֳ˹ںŮɷ⡣
ٟRҲЩȻᳫ޺룬ԵʡҲϤŮͷϡ
˭˵ġٟR˵ɾɷ˵òøһġ
ಢη£ͬõĿĹأĸҲ޷
˵ɵ۱㵽ˣһɵЦʱͼͷͷ˵˵ʲôġ
˵Ů¡ٟRԭҲҪûһ븸׽ˡ
ɵ룬ô
еġѧİ׹ݳĸױ²ھ
ܰɡҼǵĸ׷ھġɵۿĸס
֣̫ǻ㻹С뿵йڳ͢׷ʱҲԹ䡣
ԭˡɵٟͬRҿ׹ݳҲв֮ˣϱش͡
룬شҲãͳûظһġأð׹ݳ飬а̫̫Ҳ֪Ӵؾ͸ˡ
ٟR˵ͷͷǵɵһӦ£ҲС˼µ飬ڸһ飬ٟRͬʷ̫к׼оԹڸִڣͲˡ
ҽʹʷʦԸ׹ݳͺáҪϰ׹ݳֶӣͲ¶Ͽ׹ݳġ
ٟR
ɵЦУȥɡ


166 



ĵһ 
ٟR,Ϊ¶һ˵һ׼ɡ
οʷ̫ҵ
ʱٟR˵ʷ̫׹ݳ˵͵£ʷ̫ǼˡٟRĴ,,ٟR밲ΪٟR¡
ٟR˳޸ġŮھλһ¡
ȴ,տھͽʷ̫ǸڼҷᶯǻҭĲᡣ
ٟR,Щǻϵ˵,⻰,Ǵɷ,ڼҷմߡŪñӻˡ
²֪ɷǰûе,̫.ʵϵġҲΪԼǰǻɲˡʷ̫߳һ
ǰ,ġ˵,ҲǰٟR֪ʷ̫ʹĹԱӣͺĵĸʷ̫˵ù˶ʷ̫ϲ衣
ʷ̫л´Ͳ,ȿڲ裬ʷ̫,ʱǲ,Ŷиȥ۶״,ܻĿʼ
ٟR˵,˭Ҫ,ȥ״룿Ǻ,ӹȥġ
֣ȥˣһ䣬ʷʦûʲôϵѽ
ӱҲ˵ȥ룬粻áȥ룬ˣ
ʷ̫ｿڰ֣ҲŮ룬ǲáɼһңѣҲ뷨ӹȥⷽǶˡ
չ򴽣ʣǹС롯֮벻Ϊʵڹȥķ׼ĵ·ô
չһҪʷ̫ȴǵңռңԼ޷֮Сټ֮Ů۶
ռңӺټΪܡչ˵
дԼ֮·֮١ʷ̫ȿڲ裬һˮ̣ˡh˵ǲ
٫h˵رʷ̫ʣ˭˵٫hϰԵͷϰߵ˵ǰ
һ䣬˵ӱ֣չﶼ𾪲ѣٟRҲֱֱĿ˵hôѱˣ
٫hͷӦǣŷӦԼӦˡ
ЩҲǸʵˣһһۣŴŴ˵˵ĶʷʦĻҲţиȫķӲźá
ʷ̫Ǿʹȫķӣ²١
٫hСиӣʷʦ˵ô
ʷ̫ϲ٫hº͵ӣ˵Ҳϸʦصʷ̧̫ʾ⣬hֻ˵
٫hҲ飬ոġ룬ʷʦĵҲȻػøģǲһ
Ҫϼӽ
ʷ̫ԭͲæʣҪʲô
٫h̹ϵ˵ǺŮھλټһвΪ𣬲;λˡ
٫hʳָһȣȸ룬˵ͶԵ˰ǲõ£ֻҪˣǵŮӣŮҲҪܵͷⲻô
٫hܲͬʷ̫ʷʦͶԵˣ
ٟRûסֱӹЦ
֣ӱҲǻˣӱֱ٫hĴָh˵ĺã
֣Ҳһʷ̫ҲŰhõĲˣʷʦأ
һ򵭶չ䴽ǣٟRЦ´󳩣°Ƹʷ̫㲻ͬ⣬Ҿͽ˼һҪ˵ʷʦһоģ˶֪ʷʦĹ͡
ʷ̫ĲҲˣһ̲յϳ˵ˡϳ񣬸ˣˡ
ʷ̫ߵԺڴЦֱЦʷ̫ȷʥ˵ĻٲܴȻΨŮСҲ
οŮСˣ
ֱͯ
ʷ̫ߣ¶Ҳû̸ɣȴǳЦһء
֣ʷ̫ոյλϣѧʷ̫̲յģɤӣϳ񣬸ˣһ˦ӣˣ
ĴЦһء
չҲľ
٫hߺˣһЦģ֪Լ˵Ķǲˣʷʦģ٫h²Լǰʷʦˡ
һƬġ
ԭеɷøģټһ͸ȫô
˻ܸЩ
ٟRЦ٫h֣h㣬Ƕá
ôҲ˵Ȼˡ٫h磬ʷʦɣͻȻˡ
ʲôˡôŮӲ÷ھ;Ӿһ¶ûУͬǺˣԴʲô֣˵hرãٟRʷʦҪǸ°ӣǾͰ¶ȥ
ӱҲǸ´ģʱʷʦͶ
չҲʷ̫õ̫󣬲չһǣҲŪˡȻʷʦݶ棬ǵ¶Ҳѳˡ
ٟRףȻ٫hĽܽչֻǽ顣ҪһͷУӦ綨ˡɽأܳͷֻǺŮ
ٟRĿȷҪıԺŮӵĲȻʷ̫˵ٟRıҸˣʷʦġ
죬ٟRʷ̫̫ʷ˵


167 



ĵһ 
ٟRС͸ĸ֣̫һӼ,ʶʷˡ飬ͬʷҲ졣
ҲСĿȾĸھ˴򽻵
ٻص۶ְ,ĸҲǵķ˽˵,ʾ׽
ԣٟRǿڹ,Ͷ߷·ߡ
οٟR֪һЩʷ,֪ʷڼ˵ġ
ʷҳӵʷ,ʷ˵Ļǵһ⡣ʷ￴ӻ˵,Ҳ,ôͻȻǸ磿
ʷ֣̫ϵȻ,ٟRϵҲáٟR׽Ůʷ˵ʲôԵ,ֻܰʱȥ
,ʷ̫ؼңʷûһ䡣
ʷ̫ۣ鴤,ǽġ
Ļʷ˰Ѳݸ
ˡһһ˵Ҫ޸ġŮھô;ɷ
ʷɷ˵꣬¾,үǲͬ¡
ö˶˵,ʲôʷ̫
޶,ּȺáʷ֪ɷһЩ,ҲʲôҪ¡ֻһ,ҼǵðҲǴƷ˰ɡ
ʷ̫ɫһľ,²룬
¶ҲšʷԹø۽ۣҪ޸ɷصȾڸ顣ͷġܳɣضҲм㡣
мֻҪǸˣͲܲϼ塣ʷ̫һӲ
ʷ˰ѰõĽ۰ݸɷ򣬡㶼ǰôõܡӵˡ
һһ롣дǱ߶ѵȫԣϲ˳Ҳʵʷ̫ߣƬ۰
Ѷϼ¡˭вǣҪ˵˭ҲɰĲǡ
ʷ̫Щȫ𱸵飬Ҫ˵Ҳ׵Ļ׷ѵ˭ð֧ļͥǶõܡΪ˺Ϳۼȫ޴ϱ㲻ܴ߰䡣
ʷ̫̾ϾǺˡʷ̫ŤŤ˵һ䣬Ҿ͵ģҼͷҲ֪ҵ顣
ʷµС۶˵ⲻȥٹ磬ίĸ͸үⲻȫǿôôҲð֪ү顣
ʷ̫Ըƫ֪֪Ҫֻģ̿ģⲻ֪ɷ̰ͬӣÿհ
ʷ˰ƨ̰ӣ
ʷ̫߶˵ͬʦţ񲿷ġҵһٷҲȱͷҾ˵¶
ʷ˵룬ͬĶͬ
ʷ̫Ҳķӭˡ
ʷΣһӲ˵Ҳˡ
϶˵ͨڶգʷ˾ʹųŮȹΣ߸˽ȥˡ
ٟRѧͼʷĸǱ˵ڰ֣˻й񣬷ڡٟRȥĸͬ齣˵Ͽѧϰ£ȥ滨Ժ˵ȥˡ
֣̫СԴͦСظСӣźƺƵһȺ˵ıľȤٟRȥ˵ǹ⾫á
٫hӱٟRԺ󣬱ȴԼԺϴºٹ
ٟRȰͬʷ˽ˣҿʷʦЩĨӣѽеԼСֱֲۣ˵øˣ壬ҸʷҲ־ͬϵѣԣ˵˵¡
ʷѽ¸ٟRˣЦҾҼͷ߶߶һˣǵ˽ģ¶ˡ
˭ٟܿR֣˵ʷʦ˭Ӳĺܣ˵׹ݳ˶
֪ΪѰ׹ݳҲˡͬ׹ݳ׽ģҲϲµȥˮٟRڣͬ׷˵һ֣ᣬѶŮӲĹһơɶ԰׹ݳ·ͨʦǰԺ׹ݳˣΪʦѱΪ׹ݳֻһԭʷʦ׹ݳ޶Թģ񲻽Թ
Ҷסʷʦġ
ʷٟRĸʷ˵ôܲף޷ǾҪӡȰ·ģѽȰÿ˰˾ŷ֡
ٟRû뵽ʷƽ⣬»ϲЦʣǻһ֣֪ʷʦԥ
ʷ˲˼׹ݳҼͷӣ׹ݳ׽
ٟR˵¶ɲף˵׹ݳĸ׸ĸƷһ㡣
ʷ˸ٟRֱֱֵϷ̣ʷֱӺʷ˵ҲݵҲǸ˵˽£ҼλҲûͿ
ٟRһ֣·𿴵ʷֹ̫ģ
ʷ˵׹ݳ϶пԭ˵ǰ׹ݳĸҲǺҪõġҼǼ峤һֱǹŰ׹ݳϾһʷҹ⡣Ǵ󲮵ģ㲻һңԻЩҲá
ʷ˵˼׹ݳϲ϶ҪܽƱܻһ֪㡣
ֻǻͣп֮
ٟRѡŮⲻ½׹ݳ˵ؽʷʦ顣
ʷ˻ϲˣӱ´
Ҳ㲻ϴֻܻһԺ󵽵ΣÿԼٟRȣԼʲôز˵װף˻
ʷ˸̾Ǽѵˡǵǳ棬ӻ֪Ҫȵʱ
ٟRҲ̾һ䣬ʷʦһֱΨһѭ˽ǰ׹ݳˡ
ʷʦνľѧγ̣֪˲ŲٟRҪֹԼϳŮɷʷʦ峤ģȰ׹ݳ׵塣
׹ݳ񲻹ƷʷʦһƷ߹٣ô˵ʷʦʰ׹ݳ


168 



ĵһ 
,ʷ滨ԺǵԵʷֹ̫ķ򣬻ʳٟRԸã˵Ц,ܺദ,ʶһͷ
ź,ʷ˴Ůȥ
ؼҵ·ϣʷĸ,ĸ,游ڸ̸
ǰʷΡ
û游ʷ,¿Ǻܸ߹ɵġ
ǹؿ,ۼӡ˵Եģȥ游޳ǽ,üʮӻǹ뷨ӳġʷ˶ɷΪСвȷɷ˻޸ϵʷ˵ͷӲʶôˡ
ʷ˵,صˡŮ˵,ΪΪԼΪŮӡ
ʷͷ
,ٟR̵񲿰й޸ĹڡŮھλ౾,Ѿʷ̫˵ͨˡ
,°䡣
ʷʦֻС΢,Ǵ׵ġ
ʮָɴ,,͵ȥ
С
,ٟRͬĸһᣬ˶Ӧˡ
¶ڸûۣȫƱͨ
ʵϣڸվõࡢʷ̫Ըи̾ǾҲ߯ˣⲻʮǰϹһεô
Ŀ񻹼ǵá
ʷ̫ȻҲԲûס˵һ䣬黹ġ
̥Ҥյһ裬Ц֮⣬δڡҲôˡ
ӵĴԼʷ̫û
빫ĬȻܷԡ
ЦЦͬǵ峩ЩɹأȷҲøĸġ
ҶԸ޸ɽҪϵٹ㶼ǰ޶˺룬ҲֻǸ֮Ⱥ룬㵱˵Ļᡣ£ǼȲҲѹˡ
ҶûдƱ
˱ٹѵµҲ˳ͨ±ǹˡ
ٟRٰͬ˵һðĸھû뵽ֻȥһˣΪɷ£¸жĶ֪Ǻá
ٟRǰվϥףͷء
ٟR֣һ
֣أٟRŪĲ˼
ٟR֣ҲֻΪĸףҲǼĸףҲ֪Щ£¶ɲͰ¶ˡҾǽ㣬ϱ
Ҳûزɫĸ¶¡
ΪΰٟR˵ҵξǰϵĲɹҾרˡ
һ£ٟRҲгɾ͸Уͷ֪٣Ժ֪ЩģҲֻܸҡǲģ
ǡ俴Ҳ¶Ц⣬е°°빦
ٟRҲûͬ˵ʷ̫£ҿʷʦġҵȰͺãֻε°˳ҲʷʦĹ͡ǿӡ
ü΢΢һʷ̫ԩ޳ֻǣʷn𣬶ϲݡ
ʷΣ˽¡˵ʷ̫׽㡣ٟRֿˣʷֲ̫ɵѵ£
ˡ
ٟRʷ̫⴫ﵽҲʷ̫ĽסͳӲʷ̫ٟRȻϲİ䣬Ҳί˵ʷ̫кõĵطҸ㡣Ҳûȱ㣬۸㣬ֻܸңͷ
ĸ׹ӣܾ˼ԺգҲûꡣһǼж߳Ϊڷ絲꣬էٟRĻһЦ֪ҲǺ۸ģϲܽ۸¶
ѽٟRͰӲˡ
˱¿Щ࣬˵ͶЩͬԡ
ڶգϱΪĸھ
ھ񲿷֮£Ȿһϡ˾ˣ׹ݳٹѳ͢ɷˣ
˴Ŷ롣
ϸ׹ݳʱٹ٣ϸһã׹ݳϵĲٹ滨Ժ
͸˲ܣʸĲ̫󣬾ǹ
ֻǣССͲ飬Ÿɶɷ
˳᳤ٟR˺ܶٟRǾˣֻǲףö˶˵ģ˳ôණ
˳᳤ЦҼûˣкö˭ֻžǡ
ٟRͦʵڣˡ
ٟRĻֻ˳᳤׼Ϸ˴Ű̫̫ҲǺݺݵĸٟR˺
벻ģʴȰ
ð׹˽¸߰ןRĻĸͷûôˣ˵Ҫ˽Ϸƣף
Ǹף̫̫಻װΪˡٟR˵̫̫Ը治һ׹Ǻˬʵˡ
׹пĸ˵ҹ׾ϲ飬Сʱͺʫʣɲ˴ù
Ҫ˵Ƶķʷ̫ĪԴ޸ɷ·˼ˣ˴˼棬ҲͿĿбӵӡ
ʷ̫䵽÷ɾܾˡ
Ҳûʲôдʣ˵ǰҲû֪󲮵ĺ⣬ҵʱ䣬и׼
ʷ̫֣ҳԷˣҪʲô׼
һСʱʮعѧſҪҵ¡
ʷ̫
ʷ̫Ȼһʱŵʱ⣬ۼˣܲô
Ͳ˵ˡ
ʷ̫Σ׼׼ɣұۣҲ׼á
˵Ҳôá
ʷ̫˵Ļ
ڰ䲻˵˻ʷ̫ؼָ߶߶һأʷ˴֣Ӵǰҭˣҿɼ˰ҭˡ
ǵ㲻ͬͷӣֳƿ죬ֱʷ̫һء
ʷҲЦٳⲻ˵˭
˭
ԼվӾ֪ˡʷ˵ӣ㻹е񡣡
ʷ̫Щ⻰һ룬ײֶȻġ
϶ë˳ʷҲͲˡ


169 



ĵһ 
˳˳ˮİ׺Ůھ,ٟRеС⡣
ҲĥĥİɵӲ˳һھ,ٟRĻ,ٲӲҪȥˡ
ɵۺЦ,⼱ʲôܵȹȥ,ˬ,ԡ
ҿɼˡٟR˵,ҵ嵶װʰ,͵ȳˡ
û˵۾Ҳ͸ȸԾĹ⡣
ɵͬĸ׵,ӣͳ
֣̫,С
ٟR,ٟRĵõģϼһ£ͬһ˵,һ׼һС
⿼ǵҪҾƶӵܡ
,ӵĲ,޷Ǿ硢ٽ
ٟRԺ,һӾ뵽⼸ѧ,ʱֳѧ,ѧٺŪ,ʱͦ˵ѧľˡٟR˳ʣѧӲôˣû˵ˡ
¹ٵȷηԾͨԣ̰˲кѽҲƳû¹١ѧȥ⣬κ󣬵ȷܶࡣ
ٟRʣӵ¶أ˵ѧζ͵˴Ʒ
Ǽʮĳˣ۫ϸ£һֱ鵽̫.ʵ۵壬ƹѧģѹţѳݹӡٲȥҲ֪ڵ¶ֻðˡҲΡ
ٟR룬ϻڹѧ˵ѧʱαġҲ׶ʱ򣬶ǰʮ꣬ǻѧ
ٟRʱܣɲ˵꾭ֵˣµģҲ󶼽
ٟRʣǻ˭ѧ
һ۫档ҲʱҲᡣ
ٟRһͲϡˡ˵ʮǰҲŪĸϹƵġѧܸϡá֣ûһ
۫Ͼǳꡣѧ£ҿܲù˽ȥѧľѧȥӵίһ
ٟR˵֣ǸˡҪңߡ
ЦҲһЩ۫ϾѸĹԼݣòٸᡣ
˵A붡ݡ
ţҲûڳְӹҲӲɣ붡ٟͬR뵽۶£ٽ϶ӣϻ·߼һ棬жҿЩ񡣡
ٟRһ󷽣Ǹѵ飬˼ҲŮһ˵۶ֻû
֣̫ٶǡ
ûաٟR˵ҪAҹæġ
ɵ۾ͰС˰˵ȤҿRҶæ
ٟRһﲱӣҿæˣرࡣ
ɵ۹Ц֣̫ҲЦˡ
ٟRԼǸæˡ
ڶ磬˾ܹܴ°õϽ̧滨Ժ¹ĿٟR⽱磬ӲľĵϻСˣƸ죬ȴмǶһ޳п̺̰ӵʤ̣ٹ滨Ժ͡϶һԲϣ˾ܹܽܣǽͭġ
ǵٟR˵ã٫h˶⽱߯ɡ
ٟRʹ˵¹ѧʹ͸̰ӡ
˾ܹӦǡ
չʹֻͣͣβһּܹһȥּƣ̰ӿһղء
ٟR뵽ѧ϶ӿɿرʤˣ˵˵ǡܹܵһּ㡣
ܹܿ¶Խ⣬Ŵ¹ˡ
Χ⽱һأٟRǡ뵽˵Ů£չＸˣʦҵŮ۶ˣ֪ô
٫hң˹ţޣδŴ¡ӱǸٟRһؼң˱佫ʶҲ֪
֣˵˵ˡϴλؼҾ˵Ҳ˵ģ˵òãΪҲܺ
չǸŸĸĵ۶񶡴ι»䡣˵ҽܶǺܳڵˣҹӽ˹ѧڹѧ顣Ǹյ۶ﻹû߶
ٟRŵճ϶һͬйؿʣ뵽ֹ飬ûĶﲻֺ档
ٟRAǶȥͰѶһҲʶʶͶֶѡ
չʦҲﱲ̣һ˫á
Ҷⲻ౾Ҳǽǵ֮һŮλڵŮӣչＸ˶ԸĹύ


170 



ĵһ 
Aڼ,۶ŵĳAǹµˡ
ٟRÿĹﶼһ
ĳ׹ˣ,֪ҪȥA,ӵҲܸˣ˵,̫ˡ
ٟRʶãŮӵ,,δϵܲμAҫ,ǸҶֻиСλ,ûھҡ
AҫĪ˵,ǵĸҲ롣
ǣ,ֳҲ,ţײڣĸҲڡ
иֶ֮,ǿݹµġ
̫ҫˣ
Ҳ벻ҫ
һʱ䣬Źк,ǼԺ,ﶼ֮ˡ
ڵ۶Ҳ,۶밲ĸط,ȸ,ûвݵĵ
Щһ۵С,һը˹
ҷ׷״ҹŮӵµû
ԺҵֶŮյ˹µ
Ӵ˲ã
ӷıյĸ㣬զô
ǺżҲ˵ˣ˵Ҳ˺üλҼҵĹ
Ҳֹңо˼ңԱҵĺüλǧҲݹ¡
ԱϢҲͨ࣬ݴ󻧣Ůϣֻ಻ݣص۶
ʷ̫ӵ¡µľѧʦһְʷ̫ӡŮҲϡ
Щ޹ھˣϲ֣Ҫݷ̫ʺǵŮ㣬Ȼйµĸ
һ֣дҵĻһңǱǶ࣬ǵ򸾶ŮҲϡ
Ҹ߹Ĺˣ͸ϲãԭһ游游ݣ߶иϸ˷游źá
¸ĸ۶ԵĵطͬҶû£¾Щ̿֡
ŮһأѵϲҲ˫Цÿ¶ٰᣬ۶㣬ʱܵ硣Ǹ۶Ӧǵ֪£һA
˵벻ġ
Цʱþ֪ˣܽġ
̫̫Ȳʣ̫̫¸ǰˣĸҪҪŰ謽л
ⲻá˰ڰ֣µӣӵԼС
̫̫ϲüңӣ˲ԼŮѵõ棬˹ΪﻹмʶΪﻹûġ
˵۶һʮҲҪĸһ밲˵¾͸̫סٹĸ׻ûĻᡣ
̫̫һ룬ҲЦˡ
ֻǣڵ۶еھضƹŮ㣬õµȥ밲ء
ඡ˻ظ֪£Ҳͦˡ
ڵ۶µĹ㡣
ǶԿ䣬ŮǼµġ
ŮҪС㼸꣬ȴǸϻ֮ˣ빫ѧܶࡣ
ҿд飬ףʵá
˵Ůӻǵ˳ΪҪʶַŮӷ֮¡
￴游Ȼ游üڼһѧʶûãôа謶ģ
˽࣬ңҲụ̂Լͻˡ
ࡰŶһŲѣԭǱǿ㻹ҪɡĿ
֪Լ⻰ϸ⣬ԡȴŹɵ´塢ŵڣмĿʶģЩѧ棿ʶûã̫۶
ģˡѧһɡ
ࡰߡһٽ
֤ٲ˵ˡ
˶аЦСЦЩǰѧ㿼Σ
Σڰλӵڶ
üëһһ˭
Ȼͬ˵
ˣ
ͬ䡣

ƽƽǿ˸ˣиõҲ˳˳ƷӲһĶӡСʲô飬飬ȿĬС˵Ҳֻһ߰ˡ
ĶӣСѧδŹڶ
вģһЩ곤ѧȡ
ϣбӸڵͬˡ
һʱ䣬ǲš
һ룬ܾ֮ϣ㵱Ȼˡ
ͷͬѧʵȷʤҡ
̲סʣҲ֪ѧ
ÿ¶ȥѧΣȻ֪಻Ϊ⣬ΪӸˣеʱ䣬οˣ䳣ѵ£ѧʶµͬ͸Ѱ
ҲЩˣͬ游˵ұѡ϶ˡ
һϲѡϵģ
ţصͷѧϰȻҪ٣Ž϶ҲǼҪ¡˵Ԥѡѡһ
˲𱸣ֲֻõڶùˡ
˵ͬҲѧϳҲûβá
˼˼ұŸӦùǡ
˵ҿǰڶֻǽͬһ߶ѡ
㲻Ͻ˸ˣ״Ԫɾһ
˵ǵÿ״Ԫۡ̽Ҳܺð֮ڲһô
һ⻰յѪŭӣ⺢ӣϽ
Ƴһ۶֣ڨڨæִͣҲǶ㡣
֪㲻ǶңֻмҺ֡ԼӣһСڶûˣô͸Ҷżڶָ㽭ɽأ
ʣ˵ģ
˸ϵʵɫһ˵ӶѰѰһֱзȡ֮ģֻʣФˡ
ͷ׶̹ˣ̾ǰư͵Ǿͽзȡ뿵㻹С꣬ۼסʱı磬˯ı
ҲǸϵˣ˵ǵ˵ģϢã±롣
Ǹ˵ôǿ뿵ù̫뿵˵ġûȥڱ߶һ䣬ǼǴӡá
ֻʾ˵ÿ仰Ҷĵġ
ߣǾͱϹָӡѧʶ֮£ɿƾ٣ȴҲҪġ˶飬ΪΪ־Ϊʵ뱧ͨԿȡֻΪ³ˡ
ӵһǼģ£ĿɹۻҪ¹ۻҲһҪһֻ֪Ϊٶ֣ôȤ


171 



ĵһһ 
ٟRС嵶һٶʮʱ,ѾõAڿʼˡٟRҲԼ˾ǰĹƨõġ
ٟRСһʽ֣̫ͬ,ٟR˻Ҳ,ʱǽ˳᳤ݣ˾۾,ǰ׼˵ݡ
Aɲóˡ
ٟRһ,Ȼϲ,Ŀ˾ܹһ,ܹܻ¡
ܹܻѹװεĻ,Ҷڹ֮ڣƯ,ܹʵ
ҲףٟRŴһ￴ԼĳֲĵĶ˴ĻͷٟRϲͷ,С,СʱСͷЩǴЩĻͷ
˾ǵ,ǵˡūѾǰѹϲı졢޹㡢Ρ裬ʰˡ
ҵ
Ȼйӡѥ,ʸ,ˡ
ٟRŵСԴ,,ӱҲô
ӱЦ,ﲻù,Ҳ׼ˡ
أʵǽӱĸ罪󣬽һֱߡ
ҸǶصģд¹ʲôȫġ
ٟR֪٫h֣˱ҲණҪ׼ռ٣רΪؼ׼AĶ
ٟRָͷȵӣ֣ʺŹٹ밲ɵ糯۵ٹĸһA
ɵûֻ֣ʺˡ
ӻŮȻҪġ
ɵۿһٟRǷڡ汦СģЦۣһ䣬Rպ硣
ٟRǫ棬ǿɡ
Ծ΢΢ƫ֪û˵ĵضȴ̲סֹֻ֣̫֪ߺӣŮôˣҲ֪̹ŮЩ
ش󳡺ϣ˭ǰŵģοңöʶ塣ŮӺô粻ǻ£ҲܹϹ硣
һɵѾЦĸ׵ÿǰRĹ
֣̫ҲЦɵ۵֣Aεˡ
ǶˣϲԺȥ
ɵ֣ʺһһ̷֣̫ϷٟRԼǸϲĸһһˡ
ѵµǰĹ㳡ڵ۶ٹٴѹѹһأɵ˵仰̷ӳ˻ʳǣǷԵǳĵǳԼŰ칫ĻŰ칫
ٟRſڴ߿⣬߶ǳﳵڰִкѽ
һ֣ǡҴ£ֻܷԸ
û¶ٟRγУǳȫ𣿡
Ļش𣬡Ӣǳ¡
ٟRͷһԶУʲôʣʶɡ
ǳֶӡ
ߵĿɺˡ
ǺӺöЩ
СҲÿҳǿ浱ˡ
Ӧ֮ҵ³ޡ
ΣҲǰģе㵣ģ˵һһʱ򣬰ٟRһ굽ͷ綼ˣһ򰮹ĸ˵ģǹʾͺչ˱һصĳ
Դʱɵ٣һһáɿݱҲһײ̹⼸ԽԽˡͳ˼գһֱúõġÿڼСУȦϰΪ׼
ٟRЦǲġ
д󽫾Բϲ
ٟR˭߶߶СƵ˵û꣬ѳһӴ飬޺棬ĹԱټϷ̵ˣټһж˰
Լǧˡ
ۣҲ̫ˡٟRҲ޷ж١˵ҵóȥ
æȰǸճͷжûǳû²ٿܿˡ
ҲСٟRǺȰġ
ĵĬĬĨùСȰ
һʱٽ£ٟRһǸˣž
žҲſڵٟRæȭ밲ٟRЦеأöʲô¶͸˵ɡ
ž˴󽫾ŵ¡Ǳ߶Լλ˵ˣнԵӷף¼Ǳ˷
ԭҲϵͽʾ̫˼
֣̫ȻλүǣǾ˵İɡ
žȥˡ
֣̫ڳԸ֮£Ҳȥʵۻһ
һ񣬹ȥɵۡ
ɵҲûԼ࣬Է۶·ҲAӣȻġ
磬ٟRվڳԯϻɡҡԶԶѲȸͳһںսڳ·ĻߣȼճƺƵĵơ
ٟRĻ󷢸пֵӳΪĺ
ٟRͷĸһ𿴣ĸ㿴񣿡
ֹ֣̫ȥ˳ٟRָķ򣬳ڵ·ػУȷ֣̫ЦףЩ񡣡
ٟR˵˳Ƕϲģ͵Ҹʳвɡ
֣̫Ц̵ȥĻ߻ʵۣҲûʵۿ⾰¡
̹ȥ֣̫ĻɵЯһЦ˵ĸ밲ĸ󰲺á
á
ʡ֣ҲĺٟRкһ𿴣ڱ߶ϸ⣬ָߵɡģվĵطͷԶβͻڿĸԶ·ϡ
ĶЦ
ӵĻּ飬ɵϲζҪRһͷͻ
ٟRһС֣ӭСʣҴʮͷϻĸһͷһͷĸһͷĸһͷһҪ͸һͷ˳һͷʣµͷţһͷԶڼƽصĹĸһͷʦٸʦһͷʣһͷԼӡ
ɵûЦ磬ɲʷ̫Ҳʦôûʷ̫ķݶ
ʷʦһС۶ƫĻ֣ҲŲġٟRط
æ˵ʷʦ㣬˵һ֪ʮرѧʲô졣
ǲܵġٟRбһۣͲøʷʦ軭ˣʲôһ
ٟRʮͷͻɺã·һͣϱ㵽˳йٟRǴСͬĸһס⣬ɶ¶Ҫģĸöȣһֱĵ˾ǵŮٹ˵ʳ޾ϸµ¶衣
ƺ׶ΣٟRСǰѹŮסĵطһ顣һ컹ãٟRֻĹе£գ־·ģɴѳĻţֱѳĥĹǺ
£ⶼ»ܰ


172 



ĵһ߶ 
ӽ,Сѹ,,ǻ£̫׼,½⡣
ȴ֣̫Ը
ٟR֪Լлһ,鶯˶,װģͬĸ˵,ĸ,Ҿ˵󽫾ʹܣѭ˽,ϡȻǴ󽫾鴫
֣̫һۣҲ,ٟR˵,޷ģֲˡĸ,˵ǰɣѵõѧϰᡣ
֣̫Ը̣ȥѰ,һ󽫾оİš
ٟR,żظո˵,󽫾о¡
ֱȫ
ʷ̫·Ͼؾ,,ȴǹ̫,ĸ
˴˼ãӻȡͼͬö˽оš·ʱΰŻݣϵоñ·йͬȸľ²ȻҲһԳйжԳİţϸµÿλߵĻЩˣҪǰźõġ
һͽ죬õԳһûš
ö˶󳤼ʶٟR˵֣Ȼϻٲ鲻·ųܳʶˡ
ǰл󽫾Ϳ࣬Ϊý⡣
æ˳֮£ɸҳͳƿࡣ
ٟRֳ˵С͸һϸµĲˡ
֪ǳʱС裬ȷǸϸˡҲϵС
佫صϸȫ
ѧﻹгߵرá֣ȹѧһȥ
ƺá
ҲԼֶ̫Ϻţ¾ŹΪ
˵ѧٟR˳ʣҲڹѧν̣ѧųڵѧ
кӶӻãҲԸҲʮѧĲֻСҲû¶̸ֽԼڹѧֶûƼ
ҲĹѧٟR˵ʰ׹ݳѧܷЩѧһЩھʱ䡣
ٟRһ룬вŸɳڵģ͢Եǡ
ٟRֳͬһص۶Ǿ͸׹ݳ
ʥݵԳй
ٟRѾ಻ס޲ܴӴȥվڷϣ̽ӣֵĵһȰЩȥ
ôܵȥСġ
˾ŮСһһվڴߣʱһٟRӴڵȥʱܼʱק׼
ԶԶƬĺзŴ󣬿ǻľζٟRѽԳйǵ۶ȫһ
֣̫ȿڲ裬ٟRпԼĿ
ǰУߴʹĺӣȸų缲й޴йƽͫȫͬڵ۶̻Ի͵Ĺ
;йӺ󣬸ΰ
Ƶ۶ǵķӺ׳Գйչׯأˬ
ĹҲżԼӣٟRͬĸ˵ϲ
йֱӾͰ֣̫߶ϵĵָٟRٟRСһסٟRļŮҲٟRͬס
Ӽ˻м־нһ·ǵסҲٟRţദˣҲſࡣ
ֱٟRԼĹóʱŷ֣Ӽˣ񶼲䡣
ٟR˿ԼС嵶ϧοǣҲ޷ʱǾЪţҴԻһá
˵£ôСֶֻˣ
Ȼˡϰ䡣ٟRС嵶ʼԼСĳװͬ˵Ͽ˵ŮӹӺܲסҳһǲס밡ôˣȻѧϰ䣬೤졣
˵¶ʲô飿
ʷ
ûʷ
һŮǶġ˵Ҳʷ֪˵ǹʷһ£
ܶ°ӵһ ˵ǻǰĩ˵öطǱǿ࣬Щ˵ٲŮӡ˵ҪŮӻ书ˢˢˢǿͲᱻˡ书һЩ򲻹ҲܵġٟRϸϸĴŷТһʺ󣬷ǵ书껹ʱȹΧ̫.ʵۡ
ٟRôһ˵Ҷ
˵ҶʷʱôͲƵ
ǰǶǡҴҴ˵Ůӵ꾲ᣬɤŴ󣬻߶͸ϰ¡˵佫Һãû˸۸
佫佫û˸۸佫ҵĹŮӣ˱ܲ۸ٟRҲϸţҪԼб죬Ͳ˱ˡ
һ·ҶЩ۳ƣʶϲδ磬ҶúЪһЪվͿʼԡ
ٟRСҲظݣϢٟRĻ˵˯ú㾫Ҫϳˣ
Aã˷ܹȣӲ˯ţϻڴϴƵתȦһ˾˵Լյ׼˾˵ٲ˯͵ϴ˯ˡ
ҽ£Ҿ˯ˡJ
˾ٟRû˯⣬˾ǸٟR˸ǰи֣ǰٷУٲһ죬ҪֱٰҶţ״Ԫ϶ֵģԼҲΪôţ
˾ٟRٟR죬϶ûú˯ڶûõ״Ԫ¡
ǻʵ˯˾ı
һ˯ɡ
˾ֻô죬һֱٟRֹ˾ֻĿֻ˵һٟRȣ֪˯ˡ
¹ӱɴ룬ӳٟR΢΢գǺЦ뵽ٟRˣ˾Ҳ¶Ц⣬¶ĸ첲ȥ˾Ҳ˯ȥ


173 



ĵһ 
ϰ޷˯,һˡ
Ӿ棬˾ǿҲûٟRкȦٟRϴٟR,ˢ,ϴͿ֬Ȼʵʵױǰ˾ǸСӡ
ٟR˵,裬ҽȥ,Ͳ黨ˡ
ūá˾ǸΧ鷢һ,׺ű췢,볤ͷһ,һ˿ڣ,жˡòã
ٟR⣬ϻҲһͷ
˾Ц,Գׯ,޶࣬˵ҲҪС,űţū澾ͱȵϻˡ
,ͷİɡû˵ô,ȲΧ,߶϶ǵ,м,ôΣء
ٟRʰ,ȥнӱˣˡ
ȻӱҲѵ硣ʰù˵ǻĽ羪ŵ£Ҳ硣
ô˯ţһͷһԳԡٟRˣʹһһĸ밲ȥˡ
ٟRס֣̫ţűǡ
ԺϻҶɳɳ죬֦ȸѾʼʳ֪ĻľϮ΢΢ˮˬˡٟRɫգһǸ
֣̫Ϣʱ䣬ӱųԲ裬ٟR޴޴ľȽȥˡ
ٟRһȥһĸȻҲһװٟRæʣĸҲô
δҲ֪ܲն񡣡ԣ֣̫Ҳ򵥵Ľ١
ĸֻܷġһԵʱҰԵ͸ĸ͸ĸԵһģٟR˵ΧĸתһȦϵСӣĸ㿴һ
֣̫ĸٟRǿRȹÿ߷רѧġ
ٟR͸ˡϲĸһ˵ǵȻعҲҪĸһģĸһʱ
֣̫Цǻġ
ʲôȴš
֣̫ʰ׵Ůǽ밲֣̫ŮӸȣܻϲһš
ź֣ʺһ֣̫밲һʱɵҲˡ
Եӣи򵥵A䡣
ٟR֣ʺ˳᳤̷֣̫ϣɵһ࣬ҷҹŮԱٟRĹǣʵɵ۽仰Ҿܿʼˡ
ɵһٟRԦ֮ϣ峿£ʸƿХAĿʼ
˽ӱˣ׹ҲٟRߣٟRԭƻԿʼʹСֱȻӵνˢˢˢŪ
סˢˢˢĳ嶯ĵĸߣĸҽȸһ԰ɡĸܶ겻ԣѡԣٟRĸߣĸ
֣̫ЦҲСһޣһͷ쿥Լȥ
ŮǱ֣̫ȥ
յݱ˵µһ¹֣̫ϲã֣ʺ˳᳤ɵ䡣
ٟRǸʵˣЩ޲ҲһȰοĸĸ𼱣һǰѻǶһ⡣
֣̫쳤ܵĲ죬ٟRۼ⣬ĸӣ
ˡ֣̫Ӧһʸһһá
ԭٟRĸ䲻һҰãٟR־ϲֱİƣĸĿ׼
ҲЩû֣̫֣֡ʺ˳᳤ǲңȥֲźá
֣ʺ˳᳤֣̫ϵãҲһ񣬴֣̫󣬡ĸǶǱȥˡ
ȥɡһԿ⡣֣̫Ǽá
ٟRͱ֣ʺ˳᳤ˣҲѰסβɨһֻʰ쵵ҰٟRԼСҲݵľһ
Ǽһĳ򣬷ɵҲߣȴǷԶЩݴԡ
֣̫״һûݣҰ£û˶ܹȥһ
ٟRƣĸûˣ
֣̫󣬡ǰмʮˡ
ٟR˵㼸ʮûԵģĶ׼
֣̲ס˵£ĸʱǰٷУ游˵ĸ
ʱˡ֣̫ٟͬRһָоҪȥļںδĻ֪ġ
ȻģɵģС֣̫˵ţŹһ
ٟRΣɶûС
֣̫󲻼죬֪оˡҲֻܷſˣ
･ҲͲˡ
ЩýģǳġԽҵŮѧģҲ֣̫ǰˢøеġ
µľٟRӱ׹ˣչԵ¶ܺá
ٟRͣӴҲȥ䡣ĶˣҲն
õ٫h٫hºͣ²ȣԵĹ￴е㲻䣬ÿŹ
٫hļҲ֣̫ܵĿ϶
֣̫ʱѧưh㡣ȫûٟR߰һͨ䣬вȫʲôѵãŹ֪вУ
ôܲУ
֣̫֣Ǻ˵ļˮ׼ġ
֣̫˳ָ٫hʱ׼۾ͷ̶ȱƤӵ
٫h˼Σֱٟܿ֡RĽᡣ
ٟR𿴲ˣߡ
ԼСܵСˣʪһ˫ԲÿиССѼģܻϰա
ٟRСǰԷǰ潫ĸ̽·
ĸһһͷ¹¶֣̫ǳϵģԭ¹Ѵ۶ٟR۹ֽУצҲһ¹ƨ.ɣúһ¹Ƥǽˡ
ͦ˵˵ĸ㿴һһ¹
ȥս⻰Ǻţ̫ļǰǼһλáһǳѧϹġ
ȫ·˾С
֣̫ٟRôˣҲЦˣǰ
ҸĸƤӣ¹Ƥ
ǣҷ׷ƨϣ¶̫һƬТģҵȾ
ٟRܴҿĹģǫ˵ӦġһҪһͷϻ͸ĸ
ŮǶͷһԣ¶ܸߣߵٟRһֱΣ֣̫ЩˣٟRۣ²
ĸҪȥϢһСǵɫٟRҲһȥˡ
ŷĳá
ٟRԸԵҰ˿⣬档֣̫ѣ֣̫Щȣʺϳ棬Щ״ףˬθ
˵棬ɵ۴˾ͻˡ
֣̫󿪿ڣٟRѾǰӭӸ֣ʣֶԵʲôˣҸĸ˺Щ
ɵһָ̧ͻǰٟR۵һ̾žͱ˹ȥֱΧϻתȦĽ۷Ź⣬תͷͬ׵ʣôԵϻ˰ѽôô찡ҽϻһëû
ɵۿŮɰЦϻ͸㡣
ٟR˵ԭͷϻ͸ʵġ
Ե͸һġ
ٟR߸ӦˣתͷȥʻֶЩʲô˵һЩ¹֮
ٟR㽾˵ҲԵЩ
ǵ֣̫նķᣬ֣ʺǲ˳᳤˵ǹʣŮߵﲢ١
ᣬٟRŮ
ò붡˹Ųͬһֳ͵޴󷽣ٟRһͺϲȵ˵㣬ƫɣǰһֱæA£ûپٰᡣ۶ǲǻ䣿
ͷ֪ŮҲԡ
û¶ŮӶᣬҲ죬ͻˡٟR룬AӣﲻͨҲһԣµͽĽܸʶӰҲûһ˵Ҳ֡
ԭ룬֮ŮСʵδϵϸģѸʶæл
ˣʽ۶Ȧ
ԴӽӵµҲйлμӹ磬ڻʼҹҲйԼһׯ¡ݻ˹
һģƺͬ
ٟRȾžյˮƣĸһĸļ̫ˡ
֣̫ҲյھǵAͷһգҹյ
ǣһһյơ
ղٟ࣬Rǽǰ֣ͬʺĸ˳᳤˵ĸļԭɣ˵Ļ֡
˵һʱԵ£ٟR˳ͬĸпĸ㲻̫ͨϧˣԿ˼ˡ
֣̫꣬ǰһ͵ﲻͬŮϰ䣬ȴǵҿɲɣһͺ£ﻹȥ
ĸǵ̫СٟRĸź
ٟRǸĳΪõ£޲֪ܶʷ˶Ȱһ⣬ĸ£ҿƽʱ·ҪųɣҲ䣬AǾһˡ
ʷЦϰʱҲɣˡ
кηһȥûʷ˺üֻӺͼ
Ҳй춼ٟͬRĹ۵㣬۫һƾƣŮΪ۫ƣ۫ԭ룬ٹƴܲ˵ʱ㲻ڡ
ٟR٫hļ
h֣裬ΣôûͬһȥԳ
٫hĸĸһģ֣԰ЦҿǲɵģҶһϲͨh̫ͨϣôѧѧᡣ
۫Ŵ̲סh㵨һСɱô
٫h˵ʼе£һһͲˡ
涼к֮£ŮӼңοɱɱɱ۫ˣһ˳Ķϱ֣ϣʣϱ˵ǲ
֣ϵĸҪɱƽʱԵţ⣬ĶĸϲĺζҲûŲ̲ʡ
۫ãһô
֣ϲ⣬ѵǣĸü˵ɱܼ峴ը
ƽ֣˳۫˵һ֣ϲ˵˳ߵˣԽݲһ˿档۫˵ﲻŮӸó۳֮أԳ˵ġŮӼңǵ꾲˳ΪҪ
֣۫˼Ǹʵˣ˵ĸǰڲˣ¹ˡ
۫´ڻ𣬡ʲô¹أ
֣˵ǰŮӲɴԣڿˡԣԳҲŮӿԳ۳ҵĵط˰
۫û֣֣ûעɫ֣ϵĹŮţתͷЦǺǵĸŮ˵û£ûġ
֣ϸٟRϵҲӺã˭Ľ˵ǲ졢ϸϸٟR˵ԽĻŵ´ŰhȵĹԵ£Ľϲ
ٟRո֣Ͽ
٫hӸһģӿ̳˿Ļֱ˵٫hĿ٫hٟR֣ĸ˵ҸҪһӺýõġƽʱرչңҲϲ¡
֣ϲõ˫ֺʲǰҸҲҪá˵˳᳤֡
ԽţֻǶ֣˽ⲻ֣ǰλЦݣԥҪҪ۫źҪʹȥ


174 



ĵһ 
۫,Լû֣
֣̫ϣ۫ҷصԺ,֣۫ͷһͨѵ,h˵ĶЩʲô
֣ϲﲻˣ۫Ҳһ,۫ŭ۫æ,ĸײã
֣ɻ,ǲ,ûСʱ,̫ﻹҽŮзһԶ౦
Ů̫֮,ǰӿҲˣ۫ڰ֣Ӷϱ,ĸЩ,ȥϢɡ
֣Ͽһۣͬһɷȥˡ
۫һ,Ҳˣ³Բ,˵,οԳͷϱ
㲻֪,h˵ЩĻ,񰢫hҰƵ,ﻹаҹŮͳ۫,̫Ķŵģ
۫Ҳܿף̾һλAγŮ졣ֻТѹű£ʲô취ء
۫ǣТﶨµĹأ˵ľ͸ģŮӶߵߵģɸӣҴԭΪТȻʺһΪо䣬ȴǱ֣̫ĵ䣬ĿȫǡТȻʺ۫׹裬ǹʣ۫Ǳһֻǣ֣̫ƴ۫㲻ҲûӡֻͰЩȴҲҵ֣̫˵
֣ȴֶ֣̫Ůһ뵽֣ϣ۫ܵһ̿ؿڵٹװ˳㶣ҷ
Կģϱˡ֪۫ϱģһ˳ֻǵСˡ
ôǣ㲻֪ôЩˣֻ֪ȥٹĻģ벻ŵķһ뵽֣ȫȻûŵ۫ĸۡ
۫ԽЩٹǶϱĹ衣
۫ľһ֣Ժǵ£ߵͲȢ֣ġ
۫ٲ֣ƴҲֻܱԹһͨ¡
ʵ˽»вĽ۫ٷҲ۫ĹŮ빬ͬһ顣棬ȫ۫ӷ˶ô
ң۫ӷص۶õ¡
۫ϾƲӷһ㡣
ǹʣ۫Լʵû֣Ϻá
֣ʱע͡ҴĲ׼ˣҲ֪Ϊ˲ʣǳ
۫ӷһط֣Ů̫͵ӷױϻҲò
۫ӿοӣĸͣ͸СƵģһʱһʱյģϡ
ὫС·ϡ֣Ůȥ磬ױ̨ǰжױ̫ܲĸ׻ϲ
ֵܹ㡣
֣꣬пնĸװɣҿ㻹
۫ٲ֣˵ο֮֣Щۣ۫Ӵ򷢵ͨϢˡ
ڶգǺ¡
ٟRʷһ𣬼㲻ԣ޴޴ҲǿʷЩֹͣ䣬ҲһӢˡ
ٟRǴΪ̾Ӣˬɷ
ʷЦл³ޣǾţͷãݳնտ
ǰҲĲһٟRһڣһ鶯صζ
ʷ˵ߵǡ
ǣٟR⻰ֱ˵Ŀ
СС˵˻ʷ̿Цۡ
֣̫ŴҴԣ֣̫٫hӱСֲᣬֵľҲ˽ٟRԵһֻӡ
˵Ҳ֧صȣٟRԣ˲ĽΪֹٟRԵ
ٟR˵ģԼСΧתȦкʷʷҼţԵⱲӵĵһֻӡ
ʷǣҼǵˡ
Ժдʷ飬ʡ
ʷһλʷ٣˵˵»šʷĦżϵСЩɬĵͷһ
ӱһԻܼʷϣҲʷ˵ʷһͷͷֻҲһϡǸһԣϹһ˶µġ
׹ԣҲͬʷﱨԼҪǴԾܸһʷ飬Ҳ¡
٫hĸССǻȥҲӸʷɡС˳᳤͸ٟRŮǳڡ
Сԥū澲ˡ
ôˣСı죬֪ԺûΪˣٟRûңԺҪԵ¹ģͶ߰ʷðʷǵȥССõĲ㣬Ȼһǵʷ飬ۼã̫簡
Ҷǡ
֣һ㣬һҶпɼǵģԼȴֻЩ֮Ƚûӣ̿ʼһ˼ֻģҲýаʷϡ
չҲٵģסһźۼȻֵҴ
һϲ಻ԵĳҲкԼŮѹҡ
ʷٟR£̫ģҲܼô
ȻˡٟRĸߣȽȥĸ˳Ǳ߶ΣҲɰʷǡ
ʷﱶҫһúддˣҽ
ٟRЦӦð
֣̫ʷдˣҲҿһ
ʷﵱϲǺش𣬡ǣŮؼҾдд̳ʸ˵־ôߵˡ
֣̫һЦҾ͵ˡ
ǡʷƵĻָƽʱ
ٟRٳһӣǡ
繬磬֣̫ʷܲйʹķᡣ֣ʺ״Ҳʹʷһ
̵ھ״Ľǳ˵ʷ˲̫ֻ̫ǲý̫
й˵˴򵽴ﻹܺ͹һдĽѡӼ̾ϢڼʱҾѧǲϡҪѧϼգݵˡ
ҲϧҲ
ĸ˵Aô²ŻöѧҵŶ¿Ҽҵ¿˳Գ࣬ǲ°æûжҲѧѧ
ҲǸģɣҿУ͸˵ȥ
ߣֹȥʶĺ£ܲ
һЦҲǣһʱˡ
ΪٟRԽĸʶദĲĽжһ𣬶ЦҲԸѧЩ죬ǵ¶̫鷳ˡ
ҳ˵ЩԶˣҲҡ鷳鷳ģȥʣҪǲɣˡһҲǾ֡ѧܸһˡ˵ҲܸһʷĻᣬöٹⰡ
ҲĶǸоϵĹ±áһȥ˵S
һȥٟRٟRӦˣ˰˳ƥڵĽ
˿ĵAŮӵɵøϽмŮ죬ὡ׳ģѧһѧҲΪ
۫ӻرԺһ죬⻰պû۫ҭ


175 



ĵһ 
û뵽,ؼӶѱ䡱ˣ
۫ţٶһ̶÷裡
ɳŰɣֶһɫġ̫Ӣˡ²Ŷ,䵱˵á,ִӭ۫ʡ
۫,̧Ƕ˵ȥˡ
䣬Ҳ,ÿҲĵ¡۫һ,˻йͬԡ
۫泩,,仹˵ġ
Ȼһֻ֡
֣̫,ЩˣϢٟRɲۣ,
,ҪС۵ģԼϢ
˳Ҷ,ϢɸٟRԡ
ڼż,Ҳȥ,ʲôʱԵ
ϷЦŰοŮ,⼱ʲô,ĥ󿳲,Ϣ,±룬һԵˡ
ԲҲһԵÿ˵Բ꣬ҿ̫µ¶ܸߣҲġ
˵⻰һԲǽ⻰˵ġﻹ
ЦˣúЪһЪ
ٟRСɴԼٟRǿСҲǼ϶ࡣŮǵļ˻ٶ
㡣
ٟRԵһͷӣţͼԶгһͷɫܵķɿ죬ͬһɫ磬ת۾͵ٟRŹ䣬ʸһ䣬չȣݣ
ٟRҲףⶫƤ񣬹ʶļû͸Ƥ롣
ŮЩңӦǳѸ٣һԦŮǰ׵Сǰұǹ͵˳ȥǹȥƸ죬̵һ죬һҽУһͣ
СȴǷǰסϵǹȻһΣʱѪɽһ޺
ҰܴشȴδǰһԣС㹰ͷײͬʱСǹһԾǹǹͷչ⣬ʹ̣ǹᾱ£Ұڵϣ
Ѫɢ
ҲֻСһ䣬ȴǽŮӿɵˡ
ҲŮܲŨѪֺܣһͷˡٟRû£ҲֱۣСγǹֲ˲ͷٟRٟRǰСϥأܾˣһͷҰ
ԭҰٟRҰȵС𡣡
СٟR˵ҵȥֻڻϼ
ʳͽ衣
ٟRûԡ
ٟRǰҲ׳ŵһȥ¶ȥôܲȥȻе㺦¡
ͽѪء
⼸մԣͷһؼֳԼҲԹҰҰãҲѪʶµСģҲ֧š
ٟRǲ£ںļһΣʣƽʱͳһô뵽Ƥļ䲻ٟR֣ҳͦģһƤôô񰡣
ԨչҲ޷ش⡣
С£ǳҰҰƤڣǺѳԵġнϵ⣬Ұ⣬ҲСҰ⡣
ŶԭٟRˣпԭô͡
СͷҰЩ󣬵İٽˡ
СҲʮ䣬㣬ҲܰĴԡٟRҲûСĹ͡
£ԭǳ֮𡣡
ٟR˵ͷҰ͸㣬С
лʹ͡
ٟRҰûȤЩ˼СҿҰĺܲڣƤҲܲڣ˵Ҳ֣ˣʲôأ
СҰƤܣҰҩŽθ飬ͷҰ׳֣ݲԣ͵ͷѰգҲĺö
ǾͺáٟRͷˣЩ֮
Сһӣǰ̧Ұ
ٟRоһҰŴˣߡٟRʣСͷһشʲôʱ򣿡
껹ǰʱɡҲǲˡJG
ͷһشʲôоǵô
С⵹ˡʱѾʼϰ䣬һ뵽Ҫȥԣͷһ͸˵˯žǵõһԵһֻӣ̴ӰӼȸˣһ㲻˵ڵĿ־塣
СҲ־壿
һδԣẦ¡
һδҰʱ²£
µʱǴǡСţʮһʱȥ̽ף·Ⱥʱ¹ˡͻȻǣ£ȶˡֻûӣǿ꣬ǾͶýǳˡ
Сü͸һͨɱǰǳˡ
֮ˣ
Ӵˣη塣
ٟRĹƣûߵС˵СӢ£ҲģġҶ£ǲó⣬˭ûԹһ룬ҰҲǵв͡
翴СŰٟRûаοǣǽСĻҽ
СҲϵ׹µ⡣
ٟRСͷͶĿ⣬С΢΢һЦڹϣȴλó㹫˵
չ￴ĵ治ڵ֮ڴĦϣȫĹѷɫ


176 



ĵһ 
Ұ͸С,ٟRԣ˼ֻãչﻹԵһͷ,ٟRΪչ,գҲԵˡ
չջؽ,ҲܸˣԵһͷġ
Ͷ뵽,ʱ,ٟRСйʱ,ָ˵Ц
й,Ϣ׼õķʢϯ
ٟR˹и,ˣ˵֮Уʮֻ֡
ֻûвμԵĹǾֻ˵ˡJ
Ӽк,ļҾƽ,ѰҲЩʶֻĽҲ޷֮ǰĸ,ױأʹδ֮¡
ɳԽĹŮǲͬ,ƽʱڷҲǶ˵۶,ҲҪ̹µ׼,ֻȫͬ
ǰŹϲ,Ҳ䴫šǶû,²Ŷ,ƿСôСѵ䣿
ǶΪǴţһΪ档
ٟRÿСССģĳȥÿ춼ܴ
ԭ䡭
ԽһϵŮˡ
ֱڶЩ
ڹҲûǣᣬǲμӡ
ɾǡ
ζ
ǶŮԭڹ߰ݣڣǲ䣬湫Ҳû취档
ٟRǴŴҳԳԺȺȣӺޣʹ죬ʫ͡
ʫǶϷ
ҶٟRͷ˵ЦȥֻǣԵӣʫʣҲݡ
ûԵģҲŹµԷ䣬Щ湫ԵĹǵĸоһأ
ǣ󣬳ԽҵĹŮǰ಻סظˣҲѧ䡣
Խ룬Ҳáҿڵȷ·ˣС䣬Ҳѧɡ
ԽظԽͬɷ˵£ԽЩ֣Ůοǽ׽Ī˵ˣܲ£һˤˣǺã
ԽҿСһƥСĸҲĺ׵Źն񡣡
ۼҺӣͬȡŮŮʦţüˡǽĥǹҲУˡԽ䲻һʱ¡
ԽҲҵĹжŮһѧ
Խܶ£ԽҵĹ
һξҵĹһǷξҵĹڵ۶СˡԽЩ춼֣̫ߣҲʶġ
Խü΢壬Щļһ
Խ⻰֪Եʣɷ򣬡ʲô˼
Խû˵
Խһ£㵹˵ѽ
Խһ̾ûʲô˼
Խҷ޻ʲô˵ġ㲻ãݵĹǶһЩ䣬Щ죬ÿ湫ԣҵŮӣǰҲûѧɲͱˡҲЩŸ˵ѧ䡣ҲǴ£ʹӦ˺ǡ
ԽһۣǽᷢޣԽϥ±һŮּáԽ˵ˣЩ湫Ĺ㣬ǵ۶ųس֮Ůңûһѵʲô¶ٹ˵ľ͸ģ
ԽһҲǼС¡
СɲСԽɫ信ż꣬Ҵ½⡣ǰ껹֣ɵϣ֣ҵδ̫Щ
ԽȻ֪£ǰʧܣϹԱе֣ҺüλӵܶȥΪ١ԽΪԽԽû֣ͬŮ򽻵
ɱ˵¶Խҿ¶̫ܹТ˳ϻ˵費ס
Բ˵ֻҵĹأҲشٹ
ԽֻѰͷͬŮ˵һʱõģҲûʵʦؼҺٸǰš
ǱҲû
۫ԽλҲദļáżλ鵽Ƕ˵
Ȼڲʧڻʺǰ¡
ٟR֪Щ˽·ƶģ˰ġչ˽ٟRҪ˳ԽŮ
Դ£ٟRҲΣʱҹ˭ǲԣǴʱҲһ
չ֪һֱһ棬ǼȲᣬβǰ㣬ǺҼ죬ҲˡJ
ٟRǲ֪ԸԸѧġ
չЦ£˽ǣѧ£¿ɵðǡ޴ȤҲǿ
ãٟRһӦ£һϲˣҲӲǿˡ
ٟR׿ϣչȥ¶ˡ
ԽҵŮѧˣֻǰڼгʡɳ˼ǲҵŮӶ̹ϣԽҵ˵ĸ˵ѧͦѵģй⼸Ҳѧᣬ˵ؼҺٸʦ
չЦûôѡҸѧʱһʼߣվˡǵرѵ˳ˡοǰѧ͸ˡȥǣżգǶǣԼˡ
ҵŮ˵ĸ˵游ͣˡ
ⲻصģͱǶС̫۹Ҳùѧ䡣Ҳѵãһε۶βһԣ⣬Ͳ֪ʲôʱˡ
Ůû뵽ԼܸжοҲѧʱ׷״Ӧ
ȳԽ֪󣬹Ѿʦ뿥ûһɣҲܰѹ˻ȥ
ǣҲֻôˡ
ֻǣ֪չȰ˵ŮӣԽǨŭͷϣ˵治ٹͷŹӵ׹ŮŮһУһӵĻˮ


177 



ĵһ 
ԽҵŮѧ,٫h֪ٟR˼٣
٫hҲŮ۫ճճ,ӳͺܸԽŮ˵ɿȥѵ,٫háӲȣ,ҲϼѣЩѧ߱,٫hӲҫ
ַĵ׵Ĳҫ,ϸĵչ˵ÿˡ
ľҪЪһЪ,ҪˡԸϰ,һҲ޷ʵ,ѱõģСһ·ûʲô
ϷЩˣ٫h֯һ,,Ѱһ羰ĵؽ緹羰
µŮһ,ҵͬԡ
ദĶ٫hύһλˬʵ,ٿɡ
ٿǳҵŮ,٫h,Ѿǡÿ,Ȱ˵Цȥ½,̤,Ҿ;ͷ࣬ǸˡԳ֪ء
˰ЦٿûʶԳͼ
٫hЦ⻰ʵϣֱ˵٫hæɲôҲš·ߵʱҾһĴӳ⿴һһҾͿһһǵһγԶţҲǵһμĺ
Ůѡ˺ò͡
ʵҶǵһεԳ٫hҲ˵׷˵ԼļһλҵŮӾ˵һε۶ʱҲʱҾѾܴˣһ۶֪ǰھ
Ц˵۶ЩⷪŮЩĽ
٫h˵ǣǺõط˵Եģ˿ҶǱ߶Ƕġ
ҲǣضǸأֻۼɣ۶ˡ
٫hh㣬˵۶ڶŮͷ¶ˣǲģ
Ҳ˵ˣйƵģпׯġ˵۶ϾŮӳС
⻹˵ǳŲǾôٿɲһ䡣
ôܿǳŶﰡ˵Ůӽ飬顣
ٿɵƿܿˡ
飬˵
ٿɵ͵͵һû¶
ţҲûһ˿иǲŮӸеĹ淶
ٿɽ񵽵СʯһһںˮУ˵ãڵġ
ֲ㣬ô֪ˣʡ
ڣڵġٿɶһʯӡ
ЦǽƱ硣
ǽƱ硣ٿɷ
ٿɴӸϰ絹ոյĻ⣬˵ڣڶˣĶͳ쿪⿴һ
룬ǿˡ㲻˵ôʹ󷽷Ŀִ򿪳αҪ͵͵
ٿɸʲô㶼ë
⣬Ϊұԡ
ٿվұһô
ڸ֣ٿɡҲȣȲҪȡ
ػٿɵˣٿһ°֪ͣȲС
ŵĳ˳鴽ǣŵıۣȥٿǸ
٫hЦеظԱߵ˵ɽ㰢á
飺h۾ô
Ҷˣڶվ͸湫һˣȻҲȴմ֡
һȣҿº۶һһССĶԵһЩҰζҲٿɵҪ˹ֳһɶҲûԵٿҲ´ǣֱ˵̫˼ˣ
ٟRЦ˼ɡԲҲ𼱣ҵһδԣռԵһֻҰͷˡ
٫hֵҼһ㣬һͨҼⲻ֪Խ˵ͷԽء
ʶŮÿ춼ǻֳţ߸˻ؼҡ
ԽǱ߻̵̵Ůӹ꾲£κٿǣַ°ġ
һ䣬̸Ÿı䡣
ǣԽֻҰοŮӵ£ԭҲʮҪ
οŮӱ͵ôãȥɡ
ԳԣԵĻ
Ʃ磺䡣
ɵȥ֣̫밲ʱ˵𣬡ܴҲЩչܡճڵģʹ͡
֣̫ž˼
ٟRҲ˾񣬡ʣɵóͷ
ɵЦȻ
˵ʣǵȣиҲһȡ
ٟRƣã˶֣Ҳ˼ʣʱЩλҪҵһ𿴱
ɵף֪Rѿǲٵġ
ȻٟRÿ֣˵ѿɶ
ɶ£ٟRһ
ֻǣŮμӣμô裬ס˾ܹܡϾ̫.ʵʽŮֿġ
˵̫.ʵ۳ڣżм̫.Яʺ󡢻ʹ֣ҲǿڶഫĴ˵ˡ
˾ܹ˾ʮ꣬ûŮһֵġ
Ҫôأ
ܹò⣬ֻ˼ַʽȻʺְţʺϽ
֣ʺ˾³̣޳ҳ磬ȣһͿˡ
ǡ
ͰµЯӶŮһμӣ˾ȫˡٸȥѶ࣬ûǱߵˡ֣ʺԸܹܡ
ܹȥǱ߻
ٟR󣬾źܺãҲˣûʲôܹܵġ
ֻȥĸ밲ʱ˵£ȥٟRΪź˼ĸ岻ôﲻȥ
޷ֻСЩɱɱġ
ֻǱԣֲսɱ
Ҳãǹꪵġ֪ٟRҰüԲͣѰЪһЪŮӼңûڼҿ飬廨飬̫Ұܹǲõġ
һۣҪǸʾйһüġٟR˵ҸԵ˺Щ¹Щӣڶ֪Ҹ书رٟRΪֳˡ
ЦҲࡣ
ԵˣϾŮӡŹŮ֣۴ˡ
ô֣ٟRĸȫ˼·ź˵ĸ㲻ȥ̫ϧˡ
ֻǣҲûٟRȤ
ɵʮ֣ңһҳʮΪһ䣬Ǳ䡣
ӦúܼҲǣÿνһ䣬ͷ׷׳ƺãɵƨŻ˯ۣȸ⺢Ӽá
ԽҲ˵ٲҲˡ
۫½֮
ɵЦеţǫѷ䡣
ٟR֣ʺףԽԣһٟRҳĸ溬΢ЦĸҲòׯ˳ٟRҵ֪յ˳᳤ߣ˵裬զûҶҪ˯ˡ
˳᳤һ̣͵ˡ
ٟRԭ㿴һսҡ˱ϢıǱһ˵á
ٟRŤͷʽӱӱ㣬ǼƽرҲô
ӱҡͷӱ£ǫѷҲǺ¡ģΪѵӮµô
ٟRǻõͣɲԸ⿴ֺŪ˵ı鶯˶˵ˣʣҿսңЩȤ
ɵۺЦʣŶȤ
ٟRվ䱸ͷǸӮҵġ˱ģ÷Щʲôźá
ɵʣ˵ʲô
ٟRͷЩÿαΣǼңóǧӡ˭ҪҲǰȥ֣һǧڶһǧ壬١
λһЩˡ
ǲøʵ۱ȣѵһøǹ⻹Ҫ
ͼٟRһЦҪвԵģǵҪøһһӣȻдۡУ·ͬ͡
˵䣬ٟRɨλɫķ
ʱλû˵һСѾͷʺ˵ôʱҷ׷ǣѾͷ߯ˡ
֪ǲӮ£ǽһϾ
ǰӮҲʮҪһ͵óǧӣҲǴѽ
ǲȱӣ˱ǮҪдۡͬ͡еûˡ
ɶⰡ
λҪ֣̫ⲻ񡣡
֣̫˵ˣɵȻӦʣλҲӵͷҲӷ̫ܣ𴽽ǡ
ؼȸģս̲ͬ
˵ףҷ˭Ҳøһӡ
һʱ䣬ս
ԭɢĶࡢˣźۼֱ壬ע


178 



ĵһ߰ 
Գ,ҲԵøĩˣȳֶˣҲ,ҲƢġ
˵ûϼƸһƽ,ٟRӻˮϷģ˽,СѾͷл
Уξͺ,̬ͬˡߴӢͦŹۼ,ʸѸ,ХŴ͸,졣
ÿʮ֧
Ȳ˵ĺû,Ӣ˾пͷ
ٟRĵͷ˳᳤޵ⷽۼɣ
ɵ׳
ǰʮ
ǰʮ,,Խһˣ۫ˡ
ǰʮٽи
һʮ
ٟRţǴڵġ
ս֮,˶Ǽü͸,Ѿʤ
ɵ۵,һһĺü֡
ЦŹάɵ,,,μġµλ,ֻͨеһˡ
ǫˡɵԼνѷʤ㲢ͷɡ
µġ
ǰлͣɵ۲ϵž
ɵһЦˣǰ㻹Ϊ۶ܽسűˡ
һֱϸۣЩЩǰơ
žɵۣɵ΢΢ͷžǰڳǰϥ¡ϸžһףüۡ
Ҳϵű󽫾
̫ߣűĸͬ׳ʿ̫һġսɳűսأ١һ̾ļ磬ʣ㸸׻ô
žҸѾţñ¹ذڽ
ۼҵĺöɡͼᣬ÷ԳۣüĿ㣬һֺüʮϲ޵պܹҫ棬ҫ鹡һ赡
ӱĸٟRҧ䣬ҿҪ
ٟRʶž뽪ӱҲǿԼ죬ѵޡ
ӱҡͷ²֪ʱи˵ţ
ٟRһͷݺĳʣʲô˲õţ
˳ƿڱС
չҲսЩЩҰչҲ֪ġ
ٟR£⻰ô˵㡣
Ҳࡣӱĸ˵̫.ʵбг磬˵ǻסʱС˵ҵˣ𡣴Ӽ͵һ͸̫.ʵۡ
ٟRɴ۾£
ǰʱʴӱʦǰʿʮʱʦţĴڳ̫.ʵ۵ľӣ͸̫.ʵ۴ɽӱĽ£̫.ʵ۱˾Χǳȥ֣ң֣Ԯ֣Тһʺ̫.ʵ۵¡
ýٟRߵͷ˵ĵֳּ֣޹Ů¶ɵĹȻľˮ׼
ֲóԼһѪԶȴԵ÷磬й
ýԳûɶϵѽٟR˵
һ£±Ȼûӱ֪ɣ
֪Ǹˡ
ӱԭԵ»ʺĸ׾ټ̫.ʵ۵ģʱڣ̫.ʵԭû̫ϣֻʼ䣬Դ̫.ǳϲһѰ½ȥֺֿã̫.⡣̫.ʵ۾˵Ϊҵʯ
³ô˵
ѵ˵ԺᱻٟR
ǵûС˵Ż٣ϧʵڿϧϧ
⻰еº˵ģġٟR˵
ʱŷ𷨣ʱ˽˵Ҳ˵û¡ڹٳƽƣȴܡʱ֮ԣУӱ
ٟRĥһţͦȼ֮ÿ뵽ĳٟR֪Σм˵ĸо
ٟRС˵ûоţȢЩ֣
չѣ£俪ʼˡ
䡢ıԣܾͬʣʱ䲻Ƶ硣
ùţٟRȻԼϢӱչﶼٟRһĻԼݺչﵥ£ǧٟR˵˵޷²ͷ̸۷֮¡ȻЩ۵ȥڵ²
ٟRҲ֪Щչ֣Ҿһֱоֵֹģû˵˳
չʲô֣
ʲôˣŶ󣬲Ǻܹ֣
չͼˡ
Ǻܹٟ֡Rͣ⻰öˡ
չٟܲRĳٶۣ£ԭ֣оɣ֣ңһʺҡ̫ʺҡԵ»ʺҡ࣬˰ǰ̫.ʵ۸ǰ¶ͷʱ˵ԺҪùԵ»ʺĸףϳжټġ֪ʱҲͻȻһȢŮΪȻűŤˡ
һϱƣٟRȻʣŶԭˡ˵ܾĶŤŤġ
Ŷңĸͦңô֮ӭȢ֮ŮΪأ
ţ˵ĸ͸
չҲٟRѧʲô죬ҲܴʱһЩԶ׼·벻ףϻûš
չٟR¿ɱҵĻ˵ȥ
İɣͿˡ
չﻹ治ģȴҲ֪ٟR˵ˡҶڷƮ䣬ٟRٴСȣ֧Сһ֣ҪʲôҪĸо


179 



ĵһ߾ S
ٟRһַ¥ĸо,һ׿Խ֣ڵʶ
ٟR۲һ,Ҳûﲻԡ
ٟRиŵ,벻͸£̡Ϊչǧ˵,ٟRĥţ¹Ե»ʺ,ҷ,Ҳûͬĸ,ʦ,ʦ̡
ԳҲ̫๫,ͬŪЩҰζԣµ̹پˣ˵,ͬǽЦ,ȥʱҪЩҰζ,һڣȻеġ
麬Ц,ҵöЩ,öǵ졣
ʷ̫˵,Գ,Ҳˡȥ,Ҳʵ,ÿչģǲҲҪһЩҵ
׳һأʲô鰡һñӣ˵Ļʷ̫üδʷ̫˵䣬̧̹ȥˡ
ֵʣʲô£
Ҫ¡̹Ҳʮˣˣһ˫ЦۣܺģŹ̸±
Ҳ²£ѵһԣ
һٟR˰ѸĺòºЦҪæصϲԵĵǻ
ʦٟRЦеأʦԵġ
黹üûԵϵȵģ˿ֳˡٟRҲԵģÿѩ⣬ѩҲóԡ
ʦͽȺȲԵģԺȹٟRŰвͬʦˣ˵ʦڸ֣ǲǹϵˣ
ºγԣԭǹڳ¡
ⲻôĸرϲң֣ҸҹϵҲãǰһʺ̫.ʵ۵£ǳϵġɼǰ֣ҺܺãȢŮɼƫ߶ġٟRԼķ˵
˵ٹٻϲĵϲ׾崿ۣۡ㲻ô
ǰҪҵѸˣҿ϶ˡٟRͦƼˡ
£Сӵ뷨ٟRһ䣬´嶼롣
ô룿ٟR׷ʡ
ݣҵĽˡûġĽѧҪ
ӱ˵ʱر˲𣬿ҿ˵ͣҲûϹͷϹԵʱġٟR˵ҪϺͿҽף˵üҺܶ˵¡
¶˵ʲôˣʡ
ٟR˵ӵܶûɶϢŮӽ׶ֻûǮرۡ
Щûɶõġһ壬ҪǿңЩȷûгӵܣҲܵһЩڸңǹڣԵ»ʺҡʵ»ʺ̫.ʵ۵ԭ䡣̫.ޣһʺ餰ڷŵλҲҪѷԵ»ʺ󡣡
һ٣ȿڲ裬У۫ĸŮ۫Ҳ﹫۫еӵŮѴӾŮҲҿҡ
οԵ»ʺŮӽԶġҴһΪŮӹѵԡЩҵǿ£ҼһʱǣҲѰŵܼġô˵ϹͷϹԣ۾Ҷá
ٟR룬Ե»ʺԭλǹϣһʺǰ̫.ͷģﻹһ׮ѪԺۡ۫һ﹫Ҳʵ
ٟR˵Ե»ʺͻ֮컹Ҳ
⻰һ⻰ͱ컹ˡԵ»ʺϾǵ³ô˵ء
вǣҲָТٟRԵ»ʺСơҴ飬дĶʲôѽٟRأЩԼļʶǰŮʲô̡̡ʷжôʡڣʵĲˡʱŮӵƣΪŹ̸
ٟRһ̾Ե»ʺݣд͡Ҵ飬סŮӡԵ֮ڵ£ǧǧ֮󣬱Ϊܡ
˵Ǹ˹۸С˵У˭ǧ꣬˭ǿǰ
ٟRҲ̫̼˰ɣ
ǰ㲻ʧƾҪˣĶǧꡣ˵ûţ־ʵ֡
ٟRǶʷˣпʷĲпᣬʦʵٟRЩʡ
Ʃѧʿ뿪۶ʹһʧơ
Լʹûá
Ҳֵ¡ѧʿڣҪƹѧû׵ġѧָʹ庮ѩ۾һ˿Ц⣬£ѧʿʱ˵ûһ˿ɣ
ٟR˼ЦЦҲҪӣеطʸʵû뵽ѧʿš
šٳȡ֮ĴڣıĴڣƽռҪǣѧʿȷʹȻᱻŵġJ
ٟRѧʿԺ˵ɳˣΪʲôأҪŮλ½Ŀɲá
òҪȨгĿ
ɶٟRֹһ䣬ͬʦʦҶЩҪиռ˵
棬´ô
ûáǾԲġٟRɫƽʱ۫һĳǻҪҵƣ۫Ե»ʺƷҸĸǰȥ
ٟRûһ˿ԥվĸдиı䣬ʱ򣬶ϲ¡
ʦǰ£ε˾ˣɵҾġ
֣Ӧʣ·ģػᾡĵġJS
ٟRС֣ƵĶ
Ҳ֣ơ
ٟRףСȭͷҲոȭȭͷ
ȭʽٟRʦͨĸʦʦ¶ɣԺǧŮӶøл㡣
òãл¾ˡʦǫ顣
ǲУҲʦĹٟ͡Rر塣
޷޷ƶģģ׹
ѽ˭˭ҵľʦġ
ʦп㿴¶ûɳɣȰѹͷˡ
ٟRĹЦ
ЩٟRĻ˵Ҹʦ㣬ûɲɵ£
΢ЦӦ֮ԡ
Լʹ˽ɣJ


180 



ĵһ 
Ҫ°иʦ,ٟRԼˡ
ÿϣٟRһСװԼĶ,ŻŶ,Сһع
ɵ۶ĹŮţЪ޷,Ҫϲ
,ǿ˵,괺컹ٟR˵,һ,ԽԽ񡣡
Ůȷ档
ŵģ͸ôӳ
ٟRÿԣθڸ,ݸ˾ǣ裬ٸ롣
ٟRֳ,,ôȥˣ
Ҳüˣö顣ʷʦ,ҪҪЩΣ
Aʲô鰡ٟRһԻ򲻹ģ
˵Aô,ѵͲˣ
ٟRͷ,Ȼˡʦ˵,Ⱳӳĺ,,־֡
ĸ۾Ĳ,˵ʦʱùˡ
ǰʦ˵˲ãûͶֻ̥ԼӰѾٟRȰ磬֣ʱĶ͵顣ɻũ򣬻иũϢʱġ
⻰ЦֲũʱҲи
ٟRп⣬ҡҡͷп۵ĶǻôġҾͲô롣
Цˡ
ٟRôԿʿţСǵ似ҲһǧĽ綡ŮЩĥǹģҲʼСն
䵽һֻβ쵵Ұʱû˫С̲סģȻˣ
ٟR˵⼦ɸʦҰʲˡ
ϲüңβʰɾƿҲÿ
ٟRĹأ˭ԵĹ˭ûȥԼսչȼδݵģٟRζص۶ٸǴؼҡ
Ҫ˵¹Ұζ˭ԹԼԵôһء
ҲǴ¸߰ԭ֮һ
ʷ̫Ϳյʣʷ˸һӣͶЩҳζҲá
ʷüЦԵĻҲΪֹԵˡ
ʷ̫ʣָȥˡ
ţһͷһͷӡ
ԣʷ̫ľףŮѰȰһȰȡ֣ҲӦʵ˵һղĿⶼ첻ˡ
ҪȰ¶鰡ʷʱŷˡ
ôˣѵ»ϷȰɣ
ǵǡʷﻹǵһ游ǰֱܣЩ󣬡游Ҳûġ
ʷ̫
ͼһŶׯĴŮ˵Ҳϲԣ游ղôҽԵĻҰζǲһɣʿڡ
ʷ̫Ī㤣ⶼ˲ϳˣѾͷ㲻ʷٵôʷٿĹ١
ʷﲻ˼˵̫˵ĸˬ
ŮӼңľĶáû廨飬డҰܣҳһһʷ̫ƽƽȤҲ
û¶ǰ˵ҲĹټҵĹһʷ˵˵ˣҪ˫ȫˡǱȲϹģˣŸѧϰҲԵҰ
ʷ̫ʣҵŮ
šʷͷ
ڹٳǰʷ̫Ǻ𾴵ģ˵һ䣬ãżҲ̫ЩǶĵ飬һѾ
ʷ˸ɷЩˣҽŶҵӣ˹˹ĵһӣüФࡣ
ʷ̫߳ޣҲã֪ʶġ
ʷ˵Ҳá
ʷҲ˵Ǹׯӡ
ʷ̫˵ǴɱɱĲãŮӼңҪԶׯ꾲Ϊѡ
ʷ˸һˣ̫˵Ҫȥԡ
ʷ̫˵̫ĲǣҲҹ̫ȹԼҺӡ
̫ѫţϾǴ̵ģ书Ϊ档ۼҿͳŵڣʫۼҵɡԣ¿ʷ̫ЩŰǻʷ̫ŮӶ顣ʷ˵ʷãɣġȻ˼Ҷܳƣûʲô飬Լʶְˡ
ʷ˼ˣ˵ۼѪͳҲк
˵ôܡʷ̫һ˹ˡ
ǰǸҽһĸ׹·ϣһϪˮϢȻֻϻ˶ˣӳгֳԲһ߳Ͱϻˡ
ʷ̫æɲ˵ȥ
ʷЦԼ˵˵кη
ʷ̫̾׸ЩŮӣҪͷ֪ϻܣĶҸףӰŮ˵׵ġ
ʷͷһϹ̫̫£ΪҼǵϹ̫̫ӹرãԵĶ죬ϻ
ʷ̫Ҫ˾廢ⲻ֪Ҳˡ
Ů٣ʷ̫ɲ˵ȥ
游İɣһ׼˭˵
ʷ̫ˣ߸𷹣ͷһ򣬰ˣ
ʷ̫ϲԵľˣɰˡƫּ˷ʳҲϰӵֻԼм⣬һˡ
鲻Ůﻹ˼䣬Ҳ˵Ŀ졣Ĳˡ
ЦҲԳ࣬ײϵġ
ٶ࣬ҲԵõ˵ĺϲԡ⼸Ҫ飬ȥˡǴӵİֻɻĸȥ̫밲š¾ͺϲԡ
ǰµļҲܺãڹԵһĴˡԸ񾲣ϲʫ飬ϰڹݣû뵽ҲȤ䳤ٟRٟ꣬RǺġ
뵽ͱСĹ£ȻϹ룬ɵúѧϰ䣬ȻԺŮӶ죬ӺҲ¡
ĽʣǴԴһô
ҲûСξͻˣй磬һȡ֡
ĶһĽµĻĺ÷ḻ
ʵµĻ࣬޷ǾǴԡֻǣÿÿ»ϲ֣иʣǣÿֲϡ
֣̫֣ʺ˳᳤ϲμٟRᡣ
һͷҪиֵģһӶⰮֵĴٟRÿᣬ֣̫Ъ˼գ˵ȥԡ
֣ʺ˳᳤ˣ㶼֣̫һȥ¶Ȼ䲻ٟRɵԭĸף֣̫˵һ󳼵ĶҪ㣬ŮԼȡ֡
ٟR˵ͷİɣҷĸʲôǵء
ɵЦǾͰѷĸ½ˡ
ֻܷģһ׼ĸչ˵ġٟRظ֤ΪǰҪʷ̫ȥһ飬ʶҲδ̫
֣̫УŮеĶеģֻھж̫٣֣ʺ˳᳤⣬һʷˣһưư۫Ůû䣬Գѧᣬģģ֣̫ǰ۫档
󲿶ٟRĵ۶ҹŮ
֣̫ЩŮҲϲЦʺ󡢳ϻ˵źǣԺǱǶҪõġ
֣ʺ߿СŮǣͷһһáӦˡ
֣̫ȴҲࡣûٟRһһ¹˵ľС˺ü£ĸͳ¹
ֻ֣̫бٟRģЦһȳ¹
ٟRЩ԰ڵë¹Ե̫ˣ׼ϼͷǡ
֣̫ˮƽȰ¹˵ɡǡ
ĸСˡٟRԼļǺŵġ
Ũͼ̿۵ֻñӶˣ˹ӪǱ߱ͻϮݱܡЩʿȥԮͷͻӪ㡣
ԣǰȻعӪųʮ˹ȥԮ
֣̫¿һۣûϻóһ˹ȥ
ʮ㹻ˡ˵
ָ֣̫һӣĪ¡
̷ֳһָӣСʽʿȥפӪԮ
ٟR˵ĸȥҽӪǱ߶϶ˡӪԭ׼ŮϢŵĵطǹŷˣĽʿ࣬ȻҲ̿Ԯ
֣̫⻰ǡһر̫ҽ
ӪϮҲûԵ¡
Ȼعɡ
ԶԶӥֻӥԶ֣̫ȡ³һӥ׹ءһֻӥӣڶ
ӥ׹أֻԴض
˽̫ü
ٟRþûʵĸпͷϻûǣҪײǸǰĸˢˢܸ̾ûˡ
֣̫󴽽һ̣ҵձȴعԣ


181 



ĵһһ 
֣̫һлûԳ,ɵѴŽʿĸ׹Ůû£ɿ
֣̫ɵԷɫ,һЦ,г,ϻҲްġ
ɵһ񣬡ܵۼĸ,޲ܷġĸ,ٟRԼλó,ٟRЩ
ɵʺĸ,Ůɾģһ,Rû°ɣ
ʷģһ¶ûСݴ飬ٟRգգ,һЦ
һر,ھڱ𹬵ˣȻǵĴȼݰΣ
ٟRˣǳԾ֣̫,һС£赣ǡ,ôˡ
ӵ,֮,СĶΪϳһ˵ϮӪ,ﻹסֻ,һͬȥԳӭȼݡ
ˡڶ,һͷҲҡοԭȥԵģŲɡ֣̫ΪȻ̸Цӹַϵ²ڡ
ٟRҲЩС֣ǰûһĸļˢˢֻӥϻʲôµģҸͷһһͷ
٣Ů죬СΪϡ
ʲôµġôС£˿϶ˡ˶һɵ󵨡
ٟR⻰һﻹŵŮҲеǰôС£ǸԳ
һʱ䣬ﵹࡣ
Խǧ֮壬áܹ黹СΪϡ
ٟR˵ʼ֮ˣ̫ϧ뵱̫꣬.ʵΪˮ𣬵ɽ𺣣ս̫ƽɽǲӢ䰡
˵ǽ̫.ʵ֮ѵ¼ͷޡٟRӢܽᾭ飬ӪϮҲѣԺҪЩӪʡһǵһǣ֮ʧδزΪ֮á
ٟRͰѾסˣ۫ģ̫ƽʢõ´ȡаǶǰ֮
ٟRЩ۫⵨С˵۫棬Ҳ̫.ʵ۵Ķӣ㵨ӿСҴء
۫ո۫ŭⲻǹ˵Ļ
˵͸ָоӹСġٟRһظҸʿԻˣ˵游Ҳ书ڣʱԳÿλǣնǼ˵Ӷ󡣡
Ҳ֪ٟRǲǹװɵٟ۫RǷ۫㵨Сɫ۫ʧ档٫hţԼ⵨СӣԼ游ġ
ոӪʱͻϮ٫hҲеµġ
ŴĵСֻˡ
˵䣬СֻͻɱӪǱ˶ʮˣˣ
֣̫̫ҽΣǰˡ˵ֻܷţˣԭ
ŮȥԱʣ̫Գ֮ǰûѲӹôô޳֡
ɵҲæճУξԴѲ̫ԳѾˣҲ֪Ϊλͻ֡
ٟRɴ۾ȻǰѲӹԳѴ޶ˣ
ٟR뵽ԼԳССãֲԼԳȥǼ¹ԭõĶиˣ
̫صˣ
ٟRųĺһ
һߣһ
а빫Ȼˣ
﹫ܾµǣ
СҲڸϣһ
ɵۿ֣̫֣̫Ҳû£ݣȫСּʱɱͻˣٺ»ǡ
ٟRҲ̫ˣҲԡ
ɵۣRٹ٣ף̫⡣
֣̫¶ӣЦٟRʷͷһ˵ҷˣĶĲԣ
ٟRŲеġӪʶЩǴϻҲܽϻߡĸܾͲʵҶûܾѵĸܾǷû£ΪʲôҪ˵ܾˡǵһԡ
֣̫ı齷֣еڶ
ǰм´󽫾ûʶٟRΪȻǵԳѲӹ֮ǰԳôһͷҰ
ԭΪͦ˳ۣ뾹Ȼˣ
ٟRʳҰ㲻ޣ
Һ񣬴𣬡ġ
ѵԳûǰѲӹ
ѲˡԼԱԳܵԳȥġ
Ϊλܹȥ
Σ£ԳֻǷܱҲûΧǽżһֻܵԳҲġ
Ӵԭ֪ǳȵİٟR˵ǻϹѲʲôѲӵģԳʣЩССˣҴ˺Щ죬ͷǻӰӶһ
ٟR˵ⲻôҪһȥ˳ׯϣǶССáųӵġ
ٟRСһӣŪٵĶŪ˭ġ
ٟR˵ǰͷĲǣٺ»ǸûϵҲûҡŪˣ˵㡣Ҫһǧӣ¶ˡ
ЦãǡϷ
ɵ۵ҲǷҵѧ䣬޾СӼҡôˣ
ǸҲһǧӸҡٟR죬Ҷ˵ٻأһͷϻʾ͹Цԭ֪ûϻ
ɵ۹һЦǵһҡ
ٟRһ
ɵ۰ڰ֣óҸδ𱸣תͷ֣̫ĸ˰ɡʹȥĸҲЪһЪ
֣̫˵ֻȥգۡ
ٟR⣬ʣĸδܾˣǾڹţ˾˺ø裬ͬ֡
ɵۿĸ׹Ůȷ񼫺ãĸҲӦһЦˡ
Ե״󳼣Զûܳڣ˳һμӹȥˡٟR֣Ů춼֣̫ߣҿŸ裬˵˵ЦЦܿӪԺȥˡ
̫﹫¶ɫ糣ʲôµأ
׳ǱҲûʲô˵ģʱͷͱĶ˻ȥ̫빫һûУ۫˵䣬ΪС
ֱ
º˽ºǸʷ̫齿嶯ȰŹЩʱѲŮԳȭȭģؿɼ⻹йһǧӡӳ£ѲԳû޿ԡ
ֱ͹꣬ޣ֪ųʲô
ʷ̫մ̫¼ƽĻͬУСЩ׵ġ
ţôҲ÷һǧ˽ء
ʷ̫˵ˡǰΪʦнٺֱӰӷߵ֡黹Ǽʶǳɶģĳ
ʱûһǧӸٟRֻǷţص۶ٽӡ
Ҳһǧӣ෴ﻹͦмٟR²ƴڻģҶ֪³ԩ
ϸͷϻһֻҲûܲʲô
֣̫δϣһмϮӪʣֻ㵨ӣҲûʲôֵĵط


182 



ĵһ˶ 
˴ӪϮ,֣̫ȥԣɵ඼ݣ֣̫Ҳԡڻص۶ǰ,־һδԻ,Ҳʱ붬׼سˡ
ٟRҲ׺ŷëļ,ÿС󲿶ӻص۶ǵ,A,ٟRоͲ,ÿ춼Сայĸĸݡ
֣̫,ֻǿ밲µĴ󳼣̫֮ǰ,ȵø
ٟRرϲɫϲĴ󳼾üЦģʦض,Ǹ͢µ,ͷûЩء
ϲģƩ,ϵйټټٵһ,񡣡
Ƶ,ǰ,һķǰ,,ϵ¡
ҲϡٟR,ٟRֵİڳѪ
·գݻص۶ȰٹǰڹеȺĸӶЯʺӻŮѵµǰĹ㳡˰ٹ٣󣬱ٹٸţݵҲؼٽ˵ݵĹԱҲؼϢٵŵ
ˣɵ۷ĸ׻ٹ
ٹŵصļλɣʺ̫A£֣ʺи˵
ɵ۶кԣҲǹˣ£ʵûʲô¡ɼףһ糣
֣̫ɵ۶˵䣬ɵ۵ҲعЪ˰ɡ
һͨҲͿˡ֣̫ɵ֣ۡʺ඼ԼȥϢٟRֳ߳Ҳ뽪ӱԼԺﻻѡ
һ߾һ£ϽԺʲô仯û
ҶѾûˣٟR˾˵ǻع·ϣ·߶ҶҲ˴롣
˾ǵҪ붬ˡ
ǰԺҲû̫仯ԺصĹ̶Ÿˡ
齻ԭģϹʵĹ𻨣ٟRһڣ㡣
صĴ˵ǻһġ
⻨á
ٟRбϣصĹǰ밲ٟRߵЩԺûԵ£
ⲻҲ֪õģ˭ҿɣ
˵ƽūǶǸ˾ְֻǵ²ڣԺࡣ߷¸¸ˣµģ͵йȥģ֪¿ɼˣ
ҴľǡٟRŷ˵ĴͷϵβСΣٟR̲ס˵ѷȸȡصġ
˾ǰٟRСȡ˵ǻعӣϺÿū˾˻ȥЩĶôϣ׺ĻšJ
ٟRΪȻһ˵Գ˺ЩûʰʰҶзݶ
̷׷Цлͣǰ̵¸¡ϴ
ǵγҲᡣٟRпӹǶãҪһ͵ģ̱ˡ
Ҷ⻰ˡ
˾Ǹаȹϴ֬й˴Ȥʣ£Գ϶ܴɣ
ǲ˵дƬƬĲݳкɽϱŹֻҪȡһӣʹˣٟRеСţëһӰ£˵һ֡
ӱʱԶԶԺſھԺЦߵţٟR˵СӢɱҰԵ¼ӱˣٟR˵ҵĹãȰӱ㻹ǲһЩġӱһ˾
ۣ𾪲ѣæ뽪ӱһƨ
ӱЦСϰģڼƽѰĺܡٟRҪŵʱˣ͹ȥɣ˵ĸǡڹվãӱĿڣֱӺĸˡ
ٟRЦһͬٹȥ
һA˲ƤӣٟRȻǴͷҲ֣ʺ֮£ֳƽĸﻹҪʤһͷ
ٟRһ˴ò󷽣ӽӱչＸˣ̵Լļλʦ书λŮʦҲУٟRϵŮ۶㣬͡
ʦǵĶ߷ɳ£˵ıֱ͵Ƥӡ
ٟRƫ۶ģʦϵãʦһ
۶Ķܣ¶ģʷ̫˽ºǴһءϱģA飬ʷ̫ʦְ𣬽һءû飬ʷ̫ȴΪԼʦ֮
Ķ飬֪Ź
ǰʲôʱС˸þϲ
ڴ£ٟRƽˣһѸп˵ҹ¼ҹˣʶҶչˡ
⻰ȥһ룬ҲǡӣһչЩҲ֮顣
˽»ٟRһأʷ̫ǵµʦ۹ٳߣʷ̫ڳ֮ϡʦҲигΪимֻǣǵµʦ»һˮƽĺá
ٟR˵ʦáж㡣һˮƽڸ׸θģһô
ʧЦٟRЩҾ粻¡
Ϊ˵ٟRе⡣
֮⣬ٟRʹƼƺͰ׹ݳ
׹ݳѧӼЩӣٟR֪ӼʧܣƼڹٳҪ䣬һƼơ
ڲУڼ̼δݵٟRʹ۶һġ
յʹͣȻҪѰӽлǣһ֡
ֻǣ֣ĲԽã̫ҽ֣̫ĬƬ̣Լ֣ɵ֪º󣬵ĸһȥ˾ˡ
Ҳá֣̫ϻʺûвǹҵġ
֣̫ɵ۶ǰ˵ˣһ֣˻һ絽ǰӭ֣Ϸһͣͷȫˣ֣̫͵ĳľȣΡΡĻæǰһϷˣɵȷĸ³֣̫ĸҲ̫ˣֲˡͣ䣬Գӭ
֣Ϸ˵¶ȴϡ
ɵĸʣĸ˾ˣ
ţԺЩ֣Ϸ볤ţ·
֣̫ȵʱ빬ǵһλʡסƽʱˣһ׽֣̫ʺĸĸȥ˵˵ŮһŲط̣ʵȥ
Ҷ֣̫ķԸ
֣ƲҲĹʱδ֣ӿˣ̣һ˫֣̫ФƵ
֣̫ɵ֣æ˷
ɵˣ˾˲ضĸ޵ǡ
֣ȡͷ׿󣬴һϡ֣ҲϲίʵѰ
Ѱ˼ݳˣҲǱǹףֳĪġ̰ڵ̫ʦΣ֣̫֣ϣԭԼʵ˵ҲҪһ㡣
öˡ֣ᴭϢɵۣʢü˳֮¡
ɵ۵Զǵþ˾Щķ֡
֣£ΪҾǱ̸֣Ϸ֡
ףɵ֣ĸʵһ㡣Ⲣ˫䵭ԵԵʡܾĲͶԵ֣֣̫࣬մȨʱɵۻС
ɵ۲ûвǶξκ˵£ɵ۳ڳ׽ĵһθƲδɹɵ۲òĸЭӶľơ
ɵۿο֣䣬뿪ĸ֣˵ˡ
֣̾˿֣̫ʣֳвĵ£
֮£Ҳ¡֣֣̫
ö⼸ʮ겻֪˶ٵ⽣Ӱ˿Ҳ˵ʲô׻
֣̫ܹһڡ
ڣ֣ǵġ֣Թ֣Ů빬Ϊ֣ңЩ꣬ΪϳţȻ֣Ī棬ʵҲ֣Ů빬
ʹˣҼҺӣǳڣҲ䡣
֣̫ǺӵǺȵ
Ҳźãһʼƽ󳤹˼Եͻ顣
֣̫кϢֳֻôͬҽڹ⼸꣬ҵŮһġ
Ҳ˵빫Ҳ׽һ㡣֣һ£⡣
ֳֻ˵
Ϊй֣ƽ֣̫
֣̫üļһ£ֳ֣˵ԵģҲˡ
Եȡ֣ԴǿУǳ֮˽ģҲǳ֮ġҲϲ˽ЮҪ֣ҵġ֣ңҲҪ
֣̫Ҳóϣȷһ׮ѵٟRˣ֣ѫ֮ףٟR֣ôٟR˳µõľѫŵ֧֣֡ҲԱڵĳλ֣ܵõһλŸɷǷļ
֣̫׮ҡ밢R֣ңáһŮףҲҪǷϡǿʵʺҲá
֣ʺ󲻵ɵۻĻΣ֣ҽƵǣ֣ʺϥ¿տգΨеĻӻŮС
֣ңʳ׽ĸ
ٟRٟͬR֣ҹϵ׽ڹ֣ͬʺҲá
칫Ѿ֣ˣʮǻ칫δزܶɽ֣ұδѡ
Ҳ֣̫ԣҪƵ䷴
֣ðɡǰڵ۶һӣҲһг
֣̫ͬ⽫֣ٻص۶ãҲһ⡣
ҵӣٳŰ¡֣
֣̫̫ҽҲֳһţתΣΪ
֣¶һ˿Ц⣬ҲӦĻֻǣһһﰲš
֣̫סֳ֣һᾡܡ
֣סãһоиˡ


183 



ĵһ 
֣̫֣,֣ʺˡ
֣ʺ䣬ʱײݣҲȦһ졣֣ŮĿ,,˭һ⣬رˡ
֣ǿ˸,õı,øײù˵
֣ʺ,,ݸ,ϸУŮҲֻ̽һ,⸻ʲô˼أ
һʮа˾ǲġ֣,ܳһʱֻ,Ѱѫѵһ򸾺ôһֻʱŻϣʮȫʮ;֪,û
֣ʺѰ˼,ֵѰ߶,,񡭡
Թ,λӷ,Ҳá֣,λҵĹĸġ
̫.ʵۺ飬תսʱ֣ս̩룬ǻȴŵҹĸΪΪϽѫȵǳӣȴ۫ȵʱҪѡŮΪ̫.ҹĸ˶šˣʵĿΣ׷ʺҡ
֣̫˲ܳΪȵҡҵҲޱգң粻Ҫ֣ңѫ֮ңԭҲطʸҲɡ̫˵ĸһµȨλѵҪã
֣ã˵һͣ΢΢Ϣ
֣ʺ㵵ס֣˫ľˣ֣ҡǲǿĻҵõȨλ֣ңΪ⽭ɽѪᣬǵˣΪ⽭ɽ
Ѱ˼ĸͺõô㣬֪ˡʺ˶ǰ
ֻһ仰֣估ǰ£̲ס˵䣬Ҳû¡
˵֣ʺɫ
ϲ
RǺӣȷϲΨһĻʳ֣ʺȷϲٟR
ﲻͽԼĺӡ֣
֣ʺ븸Уһ΢ĬڸŮתƬ̣֣ʺ󷽵ԭҲ밢RͶԵĸȻҵĺӡ
֣ףˣұˡ
ײصңӡ鲽ҡڶ֣ʺڹһжá
һδ֣пݵݺȻ¶һ˿ΪõЦ⣬˥ϵϾһ˿ʱ緢
Ů룬֣Ѷ֣ʺδ;ƿݵĵزЩ̫عɡ
֣ʺ׺
֣ǰģҡ
֣ʺŴ˸ף֣ó˸׵ķ䣬֣ʺԺֳ򱱾ô˵
ٰص۶
֣ҵĸȫڳ͢󹬣̫.֣ұ򱱾ͳ˧
֣ʺͷ΢ᣬ׵֧ˡһʣȻжְص۶Т
֣ʺֳ֣ĽΪճȢͬ˵ˡ
֣ʺɫһɣں󹬾ӪٟR֣ҶٟRǲѡ
ʲôʱ򡭡ʲôʱٟRˣ
Ĺն˭õ֣΢¶ɣֻǿĸ˼ʮ׼
֣ʺں󹬶꣬ת˲׹֣̫ںδRС޺⡣׮£ܱ˴˺ϼѡ£ܵõж٣
֣ӵˣҲЩǡ
֣ʺRһ˽ѣ밢ͺܺãĸҲ˵뵽ٟRԼĸ֣Ϸ˺йͬԣ֣ʺȤֻҪƷڣRദ
˵ӣ֣࣬⼸꣬ز٣Ѳǰģ
Ǿͺá֣ʺҲԸиڵֶӡ
֣ӵڶࡣֵ꣬մ֣ٟRˣ֣⿰乫֣ʺ֣̫󣬶ϣ֮ǵճ֣⡣
Ȼ֣ҳҪλද
ݷ紩׳Ļȣ֣ʺǡ֣ʺðնؼ̼ɡ
֣һ̾ɢУҲá
һĸӵɺԺ֣̫ǹĸ֣Ϸ˵ĸֻܰģҿֳ֧š
ֻӦ⻰֣Ϸ˲ΡΡҪ֣̫ĸͣˡҲʵۡʺعˡ
֣ϷɷŶϱվ¡̫ʺѶο꣬ҲǼһһˡ׼Ժš
֣ʺĸ⻰̲סẠ֣̫̇ºģĸв˸С
ġ֣Ϸ˵ᣬɳ㲡أĸ׵ܺܡ֣ҸѼѪ顣֣Ϸһķ粨ˣ˵¡
֣Ϸһֱ˹ŮŮԺſڣɵ˼ˣĪ˵ǵ׵ĸǵ۶͵ĸˣɵҲҪ
˼ң
ɵ֣̾ʺһһҷĸ׵ǳȥ
عʱѽ磬ɵĸϢع·ϣʺ˵ðջؼ̼¡룬Ҳ֮顣۳磬ûúؼҵɣ˾ɳǻȥ
Ҳá֣̫ȿڲ裬һ£ҡ
֣ʺ衣
ɵһֻ¶ۼ˾ףõһ֣ĸֻ˵
۶⼸꣬һʼƽ󳤹˼֣̫ʵҲ֪밢¡
ɵΪԼˣһ飬밢ǰ⣬ĸˣ֣ڹΪԼĳӰҲ
֣̫Цһûĵز
ҡɵ۴ϲ֮¾ԳơޡЦβءӶǿųģ˾˼ҲѫңΪ͢ߡͦʡǸúӣƽһġοԼҲ֣ҶԻ˳
֣̫ЦЦűϵ̣ϲĻʵ۶ӵȻʵҲźãù󳤹һ£дԵ֣ٲõûʵ۴ͻ顣
ϲ£Ī˵һ׮ʮ׮׮Ҳ⡣
ˣҷˣҲæգԻȥϢɡ֣̫򷢻ʵۻʺԼҡ
ɵãʺͲĸˡֶֺĸףʺһ¡
֣ʺ֣̫û֮£ԼҲ¶ڷ硣
磬ٟRѧ֣Ĳ顣֣䵣ģҲš֣̫ž񻹺á
ˣΣ밢һظ游ġ
֣æͷҲܹ游
ٟRο֣İɣϹһûµģо仰˵࣬˵Ϲġ
֣ĶǶ游ĵǣͷ
֣̫ùţ֣ȴŮԺʰˣչＸҲ˸ԺӣٟRĸһ˯Ҳʵ˯̾ûꡣ
֣̫̾Ҳ˯ţò̾ʲô
һ뵽Ϲ岻ãͺܲܡٟR۾λεĵǣԲԲСſĸĸʡĸȥϹ϶ǲĺˡĸҲ
֣̫ķһҽԲ⡣
֪Ϊʲô˶ˡٟR˵ҶúõģԶúõġ
ֻкӲܷĸп
ڶһ磬֣֣˾õؼȥˡ˼ŻؼңҲûж빬˸ٟRԼСĿ빬ظ
էȻ֣֣ƽﰮ˵ЦٟRչＸӦٟRû̾˸⣬Ӵ̸¡ȥһǸ֣ƽ
ʱ̫ҽԺѾûɶ÷ӣֻܼϣƮ֮ˡ
֣̫ɵ֣ʺδʹ˵ʲôлʱһѡٟRǹ¿ԣϣӳ£ˡ
֪ûŻһѪٟRĶӣǰúüǧȥ飬Ǯˣ
СǮеġٟRûӵ¡
ôǮԺҿ칫ǣ԰֣֣ͣˡ֣Ҳ׾˾ˣҲȲװ
ٟRüһ̧ø˺ͼǧӵ£Уƫ۶ɣֱֻҡ
ٟR֪֮޴˵ǣתͷ˼ĵ£ٟR£Ե̽ȥˡ
ѹİٳ֮Ҳܳ¼ֱۼͶԵ
³ģҲзգֲ˺ѻӵһ
Ҳ⹫һ۶ѫ֮׵Ϲƣֳӽзȥ̽ģӵǲҲһ
еĽѧµ̵ӵĿֱ֣ȥ


184 



ĵһ 
ʵ,˵ѡνԴ
֣ǰͲ׽ͻȻ֮׽ҲעĿ
ο,⼸,ʳӵȷ
෢ǣ,ѫң˵׶ǳ,,ֻһ֮
֣̫ʺĸ,µ׾˼,ѫ֮ףǰ׽,ʱҲʺһ
ΪߣԳֳܱ̫Եƫġ
иٟRϿ,ٟRʶ,ʱݲܳҲ˰˰,ɻгٷţ
˵Ҫⷨ,ˡ
ٟRһ,ҿʦܻŰꡣ
л¼,ϳûҰġ࿴С֣ͬЩ,˵,֮,˳Ȼȿɡ
ʦ㲻һôҿһˣԶԶĻšٟR˵
ϲ뺢˵ȻҲģ˳ϧĺӰʱ⣿ҵϲ಻̴꣬٣ǰ֮ˡ֮֣Ϊʱ죬ݵһ£͹ȥˡ
ٟRҲţǼ⣬Ҳ
෭飬ٟRԼдӼǡ
ʮǰݹһΣûúӴʫ֮ˣ˶д飬д˲١
ٟRΣαԼ顣
ིһȤοѧʶԨ£ѹʽ࣬εغкε£ٟRÿÿÿλһʱһڿΣĿΣٟRöÿζʱ
ҪһΡ
˵ʱѧȤ£е·СЩ·߲ˣ͵·ߣжǰǿһɽ·߹ȥͷϣܼߡ
ٟRʣͷôģ
һǵܵģͷСʱ˱ȥġ
Ӵ̫ˡ
ǰ
·ôգʦ㻹ܿ羰٫h˵Ҫңһ׼ȫ񶼿µ·Ȼȥô죿
ǻ˭Ŀ羰սսµȥմʪڣ·е̫ˡɵȹմٻͷ÷羰;һжֵˡ
ҶЦˡ
˵ʳСʳɵأ˲ˮûһǲġտʼԲߣȴҲԵĳ伢ѧųԣҲƷЩζ
ٟR˵ҲϲҰġ
ٟR֣Ҳ˵˺㣬ϲʳǽ֮Բ˶ġҴûԹĲˡ
ٟR£ŷ˳ʦҲߣһ𳢳ǲڡ
ſΣ緹¡
Цһ֣ǳл´ͷˡ

ٟRİͳԷһѧͰѶʦٹȥˣҲڣٟR͸ˡ˵붡ʦһŵ£֣֣ŷռ˵£Ұû
ֽõĻ¶ٟRܲôūһµķԸ˸˵ˡ
ллٟ֡Rܸˣͷһյ¶ȹ⣬˵ʦĸ˵ȥѣһ
㡣
񡣡ٟR붡˵ʹ٫h˻Ժȥˡ
֣̫Ǿɽɵ۵ʦ밢RͶԵ
ǡʳףģ볢һطζ
Ҳ¾Եʡ֣̫Σǰţ˸ͷǳϡ漫ˣǶûԹġ
ЦʳҲǵһγԡ
ɵ۵޳ζ
֣̫ҡͷʮַ塣ɵ۵RԶζʵۡ
ɵЦȷĸ󣬷ʵĲԣĲãҶ˵Щˡ
ƢԣĶ͸ǸŮʲôԡ֣̫
пڸ
֣̫뵽ʣѰйһţ֡
ȥˣ»û
Ǿˡ
˵ӣɵ۵ͬĸ󡢶ʦ
ʲô£
ɵ۵ʼѧϰ߾Ͱ󼸸ţͲѡһϳɳصĳ߸ࡣ
ɵ˵ſ࣬ȥҾжʦˡ
֣̫ҲŸи˽̵ʦŵһ֮Ϊһ֮ʱʱߡ
֣̫ףʵ۹ⲻǻʦ˼˵ſࡣ
ⲻǼܾܾ£û˿ԥһ񣬡ɱϳҰ֮ˣϳؾĽ¡
ɵǰ࣬ɫ֣أޱ㽫ʳиˡ
֣̫ǺЦĿˣٴ񣬡زС
ɵ۷£˵ǳڿεĲʹ
վɱáŮĿһΣռ̫ʱ䡣ɵҲܸ븨ͰѹŮĿͣˡ
ٟR¹һš
ɵ۷ԸʳŮ٣ˣһϯʳˣϲġ
лʹٟͣRЦʦ漮ݣʦĸôˣôʶģ
ܶׯȻǸĸ֮ý֮ԡ
֣̫󴽽һ̣治ɫȣæ˵¿ͱ㣬ˡֻЩʱСڳͬ˾ǵ±Щˮڡ
ٟRעڲˣ˼㸹⣬޵ٷŵٟRǰٟRһСڷʱĲᡣ
죬͵ĳһ׷ζٽ⣬ַŴĴ׷˵ĺʡٟRȥţЩóԡ
ʵö˵ǷŵЩˣٟRС֣̫Ҳƫ嵭ʳŷȻЩζ
ҷְ֣̫Գڱ˳ȥɵ۳ŻáϲľٟRӱˣӱҨЩ֭׷ϣζ㣬˵˶ﻰЩ͸óˡ
٫hպˮæ˵ѾĲˣҪ
ţҾЩóԡӱʳ֡
ٟRѾڸ˰뷹Է죬̫·ˡٟRҳŸպáʦأ
Թˣ΢
ٟR˵ԺӱĶǡJ
֮ζ⿪θٟRƽʱҲҪһ뷹ģһ롣˿˿ڣͻǺģԵ³ʳܸˣ˯ǰ˾˵裬ϻ
Զϻ嵭Щز˶ĺܣҲһ
Ǻðɡ
ٟRڴϴ˵ŷһ㡣
ʲô
һһҲĺܺóԡ
˾ǸٟRͷлʹ͡˯ɣ绹пΡ
ٟR˯ʱɵ۵˵˼仰С֮ǰһֱ飬ʣۡ㿴δ㣬ֻ
ǡ
˾Ҳʶ˾⼸һֱڲС氢ȥһ˾ˣ˵˵
ɵֱӰ׮ˣˣҲ֪Ժķ渨ʳˣһҾּ


185 



ĵһ 
ԭҲҪȥ֣֣,⣬æŵ顣һ,ڶվ붡һȥˡ
Ҳᳵӵϰ,ο̽,״ųŵĲҲ,˵Ц,ս־ͼ֣ǰ,п
ôˣҪС
,Īðȥߵ,ǰ
Ҳá࿴һ̴ۣ˿ȥ
աǬǰ,ȻѰˡ
ȥȥͻ,ǰ£칫Ϸ˵⡣
칫Ϸ,ǲԼĸ
̴ȥҪ,쵽һ,ԦСܹȥˡ˲,뽪Ҳֻܴϡ
Ϸ֣,Ҳ֣̫,,ϷԶһɷΪϷˡ
ʱϷȳǰŵʹӣһƷھȾֱд
ʱϷɫѩסҲο޷߰׵˼ңĪ˵ԼĸǲʶİˣҲǼͬġ
첽ȥĸôˣ
Ϸ˵ǳӣ֮λᣬҳТ͢ҲûϮּ⡣
һ࣬£ôˣ
Ϸ˼£һϵæӸᣬ̫̫ͣɱġ
֣˼ӵˣæüʣô£
һλǼϷ˷Ը˻ظ
Ϸʵ״粡ˣһԼҿ硣ĸŮкβãҲǵ£ɸңJ
ֻ£СҲԸ¡Ϸ֮С˲Υ档
֪֣ЩԸģҲû뵽˾أʮֲĸǰʹޡ
ոոϵһϵ£Ϸȥ֣ͷٴͬϷ˵һ˵֣ϷҲͲˡ
ԭ˵һȴҲ֪ʱЩˣһ⣬Ϸˣĸɺã
ϷʵҾȥֳһۡ꣬£˵䲻˵Ļܼء
ȰϷ˵飬Ҹͬܡֻ֣ţϷҲ벡˵顣˲ڣΥϷ̽ˣ
΢һͷӷĸ׻ذɡ˼ͣɴ󱯴ʹ
תͷ֣ǰһ̧֣ƣ
ʹӵһϣ࿴ĸһۣЯһȥˡͷŶӭ֣࣬һֱϸ̼ɫ㲣࣬һ°ڱҪ¹򣬡֪½٣ʧˡ
֣ӣ˾˲ҪҼûǰ֪ᣬ˾㵱Ȼ֪
֣붡
֣ӵ˾ˣظ游ͺáĸͣҹȥĸźá
ǣ֣Ժܸ¶֣ʧ񡣡
游ˣʡ
֣̾Щ쾫һղһա
ʣ游ţ
š
˾ȴȥ游
ǡ
ҲһȥˣڳΪ٣֣н顣֣࣬ϱȭ񣬡ôˣϳãá
֣֧룬ҲЩܣǰ̫ʦУ游
ϳ¡
ɴ䣬ӳ֣׷ϡ裬֣࣬²ʹ¿Уп֮ڵߡ
֣˵ֲλͻȻϣһۡ
ȴ֪ɵ۰š
úҩȻ󽫴ʹͰ£ҩĲƷ֮˵ˮǰRҴ游ʵġ˵Ҫûζˮ⿪θ
֣иһ˿Цлϳϳȥлϳˣһȥл
ٟRɺãʵ۱̫ʺɺá
˵á
˵ЩʺĻҲûô֣ƣ롣
֣ȥ̶֣˵ЩοĻ̼֣ٽһѧϰ
֣յµġ
Ȼȥ֣Ϸˣ֣ҵˡ
֣Ϸ˵ɫ˼δϷ֮¡ǹ֣Ϸˣ뿪·ϣ෽֣Ӽ䣬ҿϷǰޣҲǳ
֣ľ֪Ϸĸǿ̶ĽͣǶҾ̫̫һţٰ̫̫ôǼ͡
֣˵ŵ
֣ҲȰ˵Ҳú˵ſڣ˿Ц
˵ǡ
֣ţϷӻǰģ֣ӵɡʣµ졣
಻ģͬϷ˵ĸȻذɣ游á
ƺĶ඼еӦҾݹϵӡ
Ϸ˺ͷл¸֪ͻˡ²õ
ҵÿĸϳܷġ
Ȱţĸױõµģҷĸϳ
ǰ֣ͬӵĸ׾ǵĴˣա
֣ӵǣǵ£ԭҲû๵ء
һĸ׵ǳǰ֣һǹλ˾ˡĸ˼ңȼЯ˻عȥˡ
඼֣һأӵٵĶ䣬Ӳ˶¡
治Ϯˡ


186 



ĵһ 
һֱص,˶£෽ʣ½ճ,ǰ֪칫ôϳ,ûС
΢ȣȻûСôʣǲǾĸЩˣ
˲,һȷ
ɫɣ,Щˡ
಻Ը,,ܾǴɰɡ
οĶʱҭĲ,ǧ֮,żĸûʲô̫.ʵ΢Уż˴̿͡ĸһʺƴȣ̫.ʵ,һʺȴزˡ
౻ɵһ,һ񣬡ˡ
඼Ϊ룬ס
,˳֮S
˸ĲʹǽĶһ,Ȼġжй¶,Ҳ̫ĳ˷ˡ
ĴԸ,,ʴȲǻ,ȴҲ̫
ˡ
ȥ֣ڹﲻ,ɹ£״档´ĶȥģЩ롣
游Тڶˣûо˾Ϯּ⣬ĸͬ߶ΡЩ඼֪ġ
ţĸҲû⣬޷Ǿ֣ɸΪ񲯡
Ҫ飬ĸΪѣ
Ҫ顭
붡˵ĻҪġ
֣ǲʲô£ٟRͷֳ
ȥǹֺʡϦϼٟRûΣһС˵û¡
ҿ㶼üĴˡٟR׷ʣʲô°
ֺãҲǳ˵ˡٟRⲻʣ϶ĸﰢ˵ģֵֶŮĸߵĺܽϻҾ;ٹܲϣҾ͸ϡ
ҲҲ㲻֪ĸĽŶȥ
ٟR˵ʲôģ
ĸôˣͷ棬Ҷزã
Եʡ룬Ҫö˶˵ģĸҲԸŮȥٟR˵Ҳܣ˵꽭в˾İӣ֣緭ˡ㲻ȥ˰ɣ
ûҾ֣ӣԵû˵ʵŲô¡ĸô͵˼ʹޡ
й̫˭ٟRҸ鲻Ҳûֳ㱯ˡ
ٟR˵ΪС£Ҳֵûüչ
Ϊ˽ɡɴ˰ĸˣҲĸġ
˵ģûйزɷԲҪưƵİǳеµ˵ͳɸӵġߣ˿⴫ϢܳʹԺѧ˭ǷٟR翴˳ۡ
УҪ°ˣʦ룬һƬɣȴɡ
ǡΪ˷
ٟRҩҪ½ĸ֪ĸ죬ĸ¸ûӡ
ɱĸǰĸܹѵ⣬˹ΡΪˣǣĸͲˡ
ԽĸԼŻٟRǲ˵Ҳסʲôʱľ߶߶
࿴ٟRһаģ
ҿҲϡ
ǵ÷ʲô¡ΪŸйܵĹˣһҪܣˣĸҲǻ
ĸ֪Щĸҵ¡
Ϲˣû£æġ
ԭҲݣܰﻹҪġ
ǵÿʲô¡λС£صþ飬ĸһ仰ܶģٟRҲĸ߶Σ䶼ˡ
ҿҲ·ĸ㣬ĵݾ仰Ѱؽú˵οҪ֣ǰ޿䣬˼Ҽвˣᰡ
ٟRһⳡķ
ĸǿ϶ҲһͿޡ
ûôµġٟR˶ۣ̫ˣǽҲ˵
ǲܡȻãĸ˾ʲôˣ
ٟRΪ⣬ҵȻҲϣ˺ãɿǰ¶治־˼Ұġ
˵ţ͵˷ǹȥ֣֣Ҳ֣֪ĸ游кãĸ󲻱صǡ游˵ˣ˵
Ǿͺá֣ʺö˵˼仰ֺȥˡ
ҲŶŮùӲ㣬ŶŮˣ򷢹Ƕȥ˾ҪٟRߵģЦͷ˹㣬˾ҲȥЪһЪĸŮЩ˽Ҫ˵
˾ǵ̫ԸūԶ빫ϡ
ϵЦ̵Ľһ˲R׹Ů۲R˾ЪЪɡ
ٟRҲҵҪĸף˵裬ȥԲ裬ҽ㡣
˾һȥ
ֱ˵˾ǣʲôã̫Űˣ֪ͨ
踺𡣡ٟRɲԸ˵Ļ趼С
ˣ֪˵˾ǣŶʣ࣬ĸ˰ɣ
ٟRۣҲôɣΪĸ׿ˡüʣĸ򷢰ĸ͵ţ֪ҽȥ֣𣿡
ǰ֣ˣĸãȥ״磬βܳС룬ȥ֣ҿӣܻĸһȥġʣ֣ĸȥû
ͷΣĸôܰҵٸ֪ĸң
ֲˣ׵ĸ㻹£˳ôԼͦıһ˵һˣ֣״ˣĸ״磬ˡ
ӲǸ߼˵ٟRڳݱٟR˵ĸĲ¶һȲ֪Ѿɣ˵й¶٣¸ɻְΣءJ
ѽûǰ˵ҵԵʡɵӵ˶࣬˵Ҳˡ
ͷۣŶǣǾǸ߶࣬ĸڹڹͨ٣㲻ĸ֪Ͳ֪ܲʡ
Ǿٸ㸸˵һˡܳ裬ҲǴ¡
Ҫô˵û£Сһ׮⡣ܵѧصʷ̫˷֮ˡڹͨ٣ǻʼҼɻ䡣㸸ʲϣѵסߵ̣ĸϹģ
ݿ˭˵ǾҥŶӵ֣ҵĶϣ˭Ƕһ²һ£û˻˵ġ
㻹С֪ϵ£ҶϡͿġο֪ȥ֣˶ȥĶȷй¶ģֻҪǲϣû¶
ڹж꣬ȻĹأҲԼһ׹
໹ǵ»ǣĸףٟR̲ס䣬ɲôϹϹ˵϶ɵġһ˵칫˭벻ĸ
⻹Ҫˣ칫Ĳ⣬˭ҴϢһֺˣٟRȤ֪ʲôˡ
ٺ˵ԭҲǼС£˭Ҳ
ٟRָĸĸ󡢸ʣ˭Ҳ㰡޷Ǹװƣֻ֪ĸĸǶأ
֣̫Դζȥˣڻûȥ鼸䣬ҾͲţΪôС£̫Ҫҡ
˵С£ٟRø˵ԼƨҲ״ԼѰ˼ɣ¶ٺڿɾˡ
ٟRҪߣæץסĸ첲ⲻһʱĽôʵҲ֣һһ
ٟRþ͸ˆ£ĸҪû£ͰԼˣʱ˵ǹ˲ƣҲи
ôУЩ꣬ҵĽһ㡣᲻ã빬ģСһŮҲĸ顣
Լɡ¶ǰҲ²ץϹ㲻ȥ͵ðԼȥˡ
øǣԼĸ׵ģ±Ժĸ£ӽ˵ù̴Ǵʷ֪ĸ㻹ڹ㣡
Ҳһ£ѳҲ֪Ϊõǰýʷۣˡ
룬롣һһ˵ģҲòˡ
ٟRû׷ʣÿڹһҲϢȥȻߡĸã¶ԲĽëС
ڳŮҲٹ˵ϻû⣬ֻܸŮϾԶһۣܱٹǹסѱõĺá
Ҳ˶ŮŮֺỵ̂ивһλ̹٣Ϣȥġ
ԥҿ££˵١
·ñˡٟRĸסôϢٲͨţҪ鳭Ա磿
æȡţҪ̿裬һѻոɾ
ࣺ
̿ӳĸŮ˵ףٟRԭʰŮ٣û뵽ĸ׾кüϻӵš
ˣٟRҲ֣鶯£ϣ˶ԺÿڹǶ֪ȤЩ
ӡ
ֹⲻô
Ҳ֪ʵ˽ͨĸˡ
ҧûֹ
ĸŮ׵˾ǽ˵ҪٹţٟRĸףλٹȥˡ
ڶգ֣̫֣ʺԳ¶Թ˹̲֮ܽ
һģûŶġൽҹﶨʡ˵ھ˾˼ǰĸף˵Ҳ߯ɡҲŲԣһʣɲǰģŷʱл䣬˵˰Ҫ¡Ҳ˵ͬϵ˵ˣʹ˹⡣ĸ˵ҪҲȥˣһJS
ٴ񣬡ⶼҵȽд֪⡣ҾһӣҪиôҲܻˡ
˵Ȧһ죬
֣ʺĸ㿴Ҫôã
֣̫࣬ҲЩûˡҲ̶˾˲꣬ٺһꡣɨһۣȥɡ
Ҷԣٸ˾ݾ仰ʱ˴ٰӣķųա
ȴ룬˾һͨѶ˶й
Ҳʡٵݻģ˾ֱϯһ˳ȥ
֪Ѷǿһأƫڽ㣬ɵۻǶŮֻԼգСһҲ֮
ԹΪСºΪ֮ĸ
֣̫ö˵һ⹴Ī˵Ϣҩʲôܴʶд£ܹϢ
˶֣Ӧˡ
ҾλҲزˣּڽϣְջع½棬аá


187 ֣



ĵһ 
,¡
ǰּ̹˾˵լӡ
ȻҲøҰҵʱ䡣ٟR,Ͼʵ۱¾ΨĻӻŮ,ʶ˾̱ʮİʱ䡣
Ķȥ,ðլӸڳ
ܳԾȥҿ,Ҫæĵط
Ȱ,Ҳǵ۶,,ް֮·ģȥ,ʰдءҶŪãٴȥ
УҲȰ,֪칫,±߶լӣլģÿ׼ֵʮ
,ô֪
һϼҵʱƽط̼˵ġ˵,ëƤ,ɺ,Ϊװ԰ӡǡ,Լϵĺ챦ʯȡ,׸¡һ챦ʯ辰,͸װլӡò裬˵Լ֪ĵʣ˵ǻ칫լΪ԰˵辰󣬳Ϊ֮Ϊ档
һλ︸˵ǿź챦СȭͷСҹԣǲ
λҦҲ˵۶ⱦҹ춼ӳˣΪʧˡȥʲ֪Ǳ֮⡣
Ҷ⵱ȥʺң͢շּȥ꺮ůйôء
칫һլӰá
ȿڲ裬룬бʯ辰¡ʱСԼĸ˵
ȻҼʲˣȻҲͲزˡ
ƽ󳤹Ļźܿ죬Ǳ̫ýҶ׮ҲǼġ֣أɵۿƽ󳤹ºͬĸ󣬾˴ͻּ⡣
ڵ˽֣һ䣬Ű󣨰Σ
䲻˵СһҲڹһס꣬ûԲ㣬Ҳദĺӡ֮ŮˣûԲͣ˫ŵԣˡ
Ǳһϲһɵ۸䣬ԺǴˣúŬΪ͢Ч
ֶʱ׼ΪɱС
ããɵĽ󼹱Ҳǻϲ
ٟRü£˵Ҷû뵽һҡ磬ÿʼ׼Ƹ˰ɣ㶮ҪЩæ
ҲǸմͻ꣬мɬ֣飬㲻㡣
ٟRֵĲɣңҵðæ
֣̫Цɵ֣ۡʺ󰢽ԼҺӣ󳤹Ȼ׼Ҳӱһݶ
ɵЦһƣźá
˵ʱͬóףҸӭʹ
ЦͶ£ʱԱˮƣҾͻϲˡ
㲻ңҶҪȥġ潪ϲ׮ºܲСʶˣദ
ٟRʽӱӱ㣬Ȱףڰ߶ŴͰɡ
Ȼˡ
ٟR٫hh㣬ʱڰ߶ȥǱߣ
٫h˵ҵȻȥǱˡҸμӹüδ񣬴ʱҵĶӣʱҪ׾顣
ٟRȫķӣǵʱȥһ㰢㡣Ȼٵҳϲƣһ㰢㡣
ٟRͬӱ٫hչʱǶôţͷһܣð
ӱ곤Щ֪ıٟR࣬һˬ죬̲ס²ٟR߰⣬û˵ҸףСǰɩӼɩӵġҪ֪ģΪҼɩˣǰȥš
ôЦ
Цһء
ڶ֣֣ӷ˷޴ŮлгأҲû˵Щˡ
֣סҳϦദҲܶƬ̣֪֣޺ת
Ҳҩ￴һ֣Ժ̫ɡ
֣гڵ۶Ҳ֪裬˵׮Ըģο
һѧٟRʦչ˻ٹսͼһĸ֣̫ףӣ米ýֹš
һͨˡ
ٟRһУٟR۾Բøߵĸӣ
ףЩ죡
ٟRȸĸ񣬹ȥĸһˣͽ߿ЩԻ󣬡ĸ˭졣
֣̫Цѹ㶼ϵˣһҲһ
ٟR󾪣±齵֣ǰ磿ôôô׳ˣ
֣ٟRһ񣬡ʱδ£°á
ҶáǰǴˣҼǵǰһָݵģڱǰˡٟRַ֣⣬ϸ֣һЦ˵ڲӣһˡ
֣һЦҲࡣ
ǵȻˡٟRÿ궼߿ſϣȥȣǳߺܶ࣬ɰչＸ˶Ǳģûҵơ
֣hҲˡ
ٟR࣬٫hʱŸ֣к硣٫h֣ñá
ٟRչｪӱܸ֣ʶǵ۶ѫ󣬼˴˼䲻ʶ汲Ҳʶġӱ֣Ҳݡ
ҶݣٟRʣʲôʱ򵽵ĵ۶һ·˳죿
絽ģ游¡ĸù밲֣˵·϶á
ǾͺáٟR˵ҿ游ϲ˵ͦġ򱱹صĶһҲðɣ
ʼݶ࣬򱱾֣ҶҲֵ֣Ķ塣ٟRλ򱱴󽫾ȫӡҲʺˡ
֣ⶼĴˡ
ֶ֣̫ڹţź֣ǳٟR̸пǴ
֣̫۶һ
ͦ˵ģһ񻻸ˡٟR˵˯ˡ
֣ؼұ游̼֣žͷã볤ٟR㿴Σ
ͦõġУò٣ҼǵùСʱܶׯÿ춼һĸ߶
СʱѧЩŻԳԼ顣֣ۼҷǳ׽
֣Ⲣ⣬ڹĸ߳Ȼۼֲͬ
֣ĸˣ
֣һҴ꣬ôʣڡ˵ݣƽʱ֣Ҳǿõ۹⡣
ʲô֣Ƴһۡ
ʮĻҲټ֣һʱӦ뵽뽪ҵĴͻ飬֣ʣĸûӦ
С᲻ʡ̫˼˼ʽʱϵΪǴͻ顣֣
֣⵱Ȼ˵²ãԴ¿ˣΨһŮͬã֪µ
֮⣬ž޴档
ٹԹİ֪ʧܺ೯д¶Ҫ̫⡣̫ս̫еȨᴫ˭
һȫõɹ̫ϲ̫󲻻᲻Ϊǡ
֣̫Ȩʱѽ̫.ʵۡŮӲøѵ뱮͵̫.ǰ̫.Ӣҹͼ
ԣٟRƼƽ󳤹¼佫õȨҲ˳᳤ںܾˡ
ٟR̫.ʱĹοңҲȻϵ
Ҫ֪ٟRǱ̫һģƷѾ̫顣
һȶģ̫ϥµģΨһ¼ޣʲô

ѫôѫűܽڳվڸȣһ
佫佫ӵи໰Ȩ
ͬ¼зɢ˲䳯£ѫ͸
֣һ֣̫֣һǹ֮λӣԼ֣̫ЩѪ飬Ļᡣ֣ⲻʣ֣̻ɸѡ֣ӡ
ֻҪԸ¼ޣ֣һٳ
֮λˣȶһη֮١
콥ת۱һëѩӳڸá÷ĸ⽿ޣůڣ֣̾ڵͣһ֪´ôȨ⡣
㲻ӦСӹ֣ڻңȨڡ᳤ܿ󣬻ᳬԽһȥˣΪ¾ص
֣ĳԻ᲻СŮӲøĴ뷨֣ⴽ΢̣游˵ģû
֣ЦЦֻǸѣȢĺô޾ģͬø飬Ĵ
֣¶ЩϢȡùᡣ
ô
ǵûС֣ҡͷڲ£һֱѹáȹ˰ɡҵ빫ۣҲɣðԡ
ֻǳһһ䣬⻰Ҫ˵Ϊйܡ
ס֣ʮ游ˣܸô¡֣룬游ϱӿ϶Ṇ̫̀ˡ
֣û͸ĵı죬ȻǴӲɡ


188 ֣



ĵһ˰ 
빬﹵ͨĹ±˾ץ,űǶոƨûҷһһսսʰլӣ뷨Ӵһ¹Ϣ
,нˡ
ԭҪҪһߴӵ·,ȲңҲ,дۡ
һû㴫֣ɥ,,ǰˡ
֣,ֳ֣̫,֣ʺ׵ɵ,ʱ˭ҪãǾк³ġ
ڹǵ棬ֱ֣̫ӸҽҸɾ
׼,֣̫󿴵ˮ,Ÿ۵֣ʱҲƬ̣һʱ˷Ӧ
ɵæˮݸĸףȰο,ĸȿڲ衣
֣̫˰,֣,,㸸ʲôʱȥģ
ҹʱ
֣̫,⼸,һֱ,ǶТ˳ӡһΨȱһ㣬Ҳвˡ֣˫ۺףѪ˿֣̫ǿҲҪʹ̫ˣѸġ
֣ɫҰף첽ǰĸڰ
꣬ɵһⶼΨһһοĸᡣһֱΪĸʯһˣʯһֶΣʯһĳ
ԭĸҲǻġ
ɵ۽ݸĸף֣̫գŷԼˡӹӣȥᣬԻʵ۵˫֣ɥǣ㡣
ǡȻĸãɵȻĸ
ɵ۵˾һȥλϮоλJ
ʵȫ֣̫ͱأ򱱽򱱾źãسɥ
ĸġ
´£֣̫Щƣ룬ɵ֣ۡȥˣⶣ֣һ䣬չ˺̫̫̫̫˱̫
ǡúֶϱŮҹĸ
ɵ֣Ӳٶ֣̫¡ٹɵ˼ɥ׼Ļౣҩĸ֣Ϸˡ
Ϸ֣ͣӣ׷ͺڷˣ֪ġ
ٟRѧ˵֣ˣĸĵŶûԣԼҲЩģܵĺ֣
٫h游ţʱͿˣ˵ؼĸס
֣̫h˵źؼҡҸĸ˵ˣҿģĪҪʹ̫
٫hӦˡ
鲻ãٟRҲûö٣ֻһ뷹Ͳˡ
٫hûʰʹŮǹ֣̫ٟRСǻؼȥˡ
ٟR˯͸ĸһҲң˯棬ˮĸȡ
磬ٟRҲѧȴСǵǹĸ֣ʺ
֣ʺ׵ġ
ٟRرĵȰĸĸˣ游϶ǶúõġҪ֪ģö಻İ
֣̫Ƥۺ죬Ȼǿ޹ˣֻ̾뵽ȥܲء
Ҳû취£ʹҽˣûгҩҿ˵ȥֻǲ˼䣬棬ȴȥȪڻȪˡٟR߼ԣֻǿ游游ȴܿǵġ
ٟR֣ʺ˵˺ܾõĻ˶࣬һ˵һҲЩﺢ٣֣ʺÿմ񣬷ǹ֣й˶һ˵˵ܷɢ֣ʺЩˡ
ǱĸٟR·ϸһϹҵĳǵѣĸȥҲһǵ⡣
ӱ˵ǣϹسҲǻףʴ£ǲһȥ
չҲͬ¡
ϸֵĸһţٟR˵ˣɵ۵Ǿһȥǻĸޡлʺһ游
ڶûִɥǣϷҲȥˡ
Ϸ˲򲡹ȻӹţϷҲЩ̹˯йȥġ
Ϸ˵ͣ˵ϲɥΪֻ֣չȥʱ֣һ׮ɥ£Ҳꡣ
룬ٴȨƸΣյֲסˡ
֣̫Թ졣
֣̫ȻҪȥɵ֣ʺȻҪڲࡣд󳼾ǹأ⵱ڣ˭Ҳ˵֣̫ȥԼ衣
ǣǳ߶
񲿣֮£ܡ
Ҳ顣̫ȥԼĸףкβء
ǣҷ׷׽ת飬˵ֻȫԭҲߵĲҷͣд˼ģһӦ֮¶׼׵
ٟRҲųһȥˡ
һʧȥλ֣ظʹڼ˶࣬ʶ˶࣬񶼾˿ңɼ̡
֣¹Ĵ£ظӭ
йسһݣ֣̫ǰΪĸ㡣ĬƬ̣ȡ㣬ΪֳҲһ
ȳϹ㣬ٟRҲ㡣
Сһμ£Ϲ죬ϷͦϲģǰϷ˽š
뵽Ϸ˹ȥԺֱȪܼˣٟRͺѹᣬ
鿴ųવŮӣʪĴ۾ʵˮ¸пҼҵ尡
ٟR֣̫ߣһޣ֣̫ù
֣ʺҲŤͷᡣ
ٳţ̫ʺĻˣ˼Ҷ׵ġֲ游游ʲôѽ
¹ǰȰҲһ֣ǰķṦΰҪ֣ǲ̣治̫˸С
Ȼǲ˵뷨
˵ͼ̴ҴҽŻ£򱱴󽫾ˣ
֣̫
ͼһλطã˼ȳߴˣ߼·ɱķѩɱ
۶ȫͬǡ
ҲٟRеһμ󽫡
򱱴󽫾֣磬֣֮


189 



ĵһʮ 
֣ȸ֣̫ɵ֣ۡʺ,̧ͷʱ˫ᡣ
֣̫Ҳж飬ͬȸĸɡ
,֣糣פɱ,һλص۶ݼ걾Ǳݼ,ȴҲǸĸɥ
֣糤֣|֣֣|Գ,ʮģ,֣Ҫ԰ֳһ,طĵķɫ,üФ֣磬ɫȱ,һֲͬڵ۶ӵܵʡG
֣ɵ۽ͣļЩJ
λҲȼ,Ȼ㡣
֮,ݾҲֻ˵ЩڰĻˡ
ο֣̫ɵ۲ܶ˵Щ,֣˵̺еعˡٟRҵ֣٫hοǺü䡣֣˵,µ,Ҷסʱ,ĸϳɡ
٫h֣,һͬͱѡ
֣ӱ¹Ϊ,֣֮,Ϊ֣֣|ֵܰ򣬹֣̫ɵۻع
֣ɥ´죬ȥĶȥˡ
ٟR͵ļ֣û֣̫֣ͬʺһ
ɥǹȥҲˡ
֣̫󲢲ǻ᳤óʹӣٟRҲָγֻ̣֣ɥǣٟRͣС硣
٫h游ɥǺͼٟRһ飬֣ȴˣоŸµ游ТТǵˡ
֣Ľ֮꣬ǲ˵ġ
ٟRû࣬ԵʲôϲĶʲôϡ̳֣һݡ
ʱȥ֣ҿعܸĸĸ֣ڵ״
֣ʺ֪ٟR⣬֣̫˵ɥңôȥ
ǿôˣѾߡٟRøҲԣǼⶥŽӵҿöˡǰһȦŲ
֣̫͸ʹһ졣ϳȥڲŻ˵̣֣̫ҲٟRһžʹһı졣
Ȼˡҿ簢|ˡٟR˵ڶТ˾˵ܳţǾʹˣָУϰȭšĸûǣžžžžž
ٟRС첲СȵϹȻĸ˵˴žž죬ҿȭͷôˢĴȥ|ȭͷôžҲȥͷһײֶۡ
ٟR֡
㶶ʲôְ֣̫󲻽⡣
žٟۡRɫĸȭͷžľ͸ײɢˡ𿴰ʹһ㣬ȭ򲻹|硣
֣̫|СͬɱھУʤⲻΪ档
Ҳ˵ٟR˵Ҵס£һԿ⡣û̸ǣͻˡźġ
֣̫Цãû˵סʹסݼҵġ
ʦʦ˵ݶụסЩӵġ㲻ҲۼסüꡣٟRػһ
¡ҪסڹʰԺ䣬׼ʹŮǶʱܱõģ֣̫οڵ۶û˵ȥסӼҵġֻоѲżв㣬޳ϲԿ⣬ТǽԾǡ
ⲻһġٟR˵õǸգȤ
֣̫ٟR˵˼Ѽˣ̸ˣѩ£¯ȷ˵Ŀ⡣
ٟRⰮԼԼ˵ƢҲפɱ֣⣬֣ÿ۶ͽ񣬶ᵥٟRһݡΪٟRٹԵʣ֣ˣٹТͣԤٟRĶ
֣Ҳἰȴ֪׽
֣ĸʱĸ˵һ
֣⻰ģؼգٟRᡣٟRͣǲװҲûҪװġ
֣ҲٟRøУƣѵദô
㾡ɱ⼸꣬۶Ҳб仯֣ܵ˵ı仯ĶᵽٟR֮
ӵҲмȥѧģѧڰĺ֮ܲ
֣⣬Сˡѧ麲ֹܣܴӺԺѹѧŪ֣ⱾɲѰ
ҿ˽ģһƬ⣬ѹѧá֣ȿڲ裬ֻϧӼûɣҿƼǨˡ
ֳ֣ϲ裬⣬ȥӼࣿǿ̡
ʲô̵̲ģöο֧Ҳûɡ
Ӽܡ
֣紽һ̣Լ˲ڣûסֻҪ뿵ɳ£Ǿˡ
˵£֣Ҳ̿
֣ʣ뿵ⲻùô
㲻ϡ鱾ǹʷѧͬϵѣۼңǵ븮ȥ֣ڣʹͶõģԶʤʦǶҲǹʦʹϣҲǲġ
֣뿵п̱Զʤˣʦѡĺá
²յֳͬҿͬа֣ۼԶȴҪ׽
֣̾¸һЩ
֣ӥ΢УɲǺͷԴӵ¹ýţ֣һϢʷ̫
ʷ̫
֪ͷ


190 



ĵһ 
иϲƫ,
ӷҲˣΪ档
֣ҾŴӲ׽ңСɰ˼Ŵ¶ׯ,Ʒ,ڹ£ֹ볳,ȫ֮¡
ԣ˵һ㶼Ƭġ
ٟR֣,ԭҲʲô˲õ¡֣ұ,ʼѪ׽,,ԽЩ˭Ҳë
ʵ,ٟRΪΣһˡ
ڽ
һ£ʼұиּ
ͷȸڹ,źù갡
ͽ,ɵ۶һûٟRķݶٟRտʼǺܲ,Ҳϰˡ
ٟRԼӡ
֣ʺҲڹ׼ⶼٟR,ѧϤٟRЩ²,ԼѰ¡
ȥ¡Ϊ͢
ҿʡôҲЪ,ȥ,ҲΪʷֵô,,øĸȥҾǴһȥۡѾǴˣֻȥۣҲһȥ
϶ٟͬRϵĹ㣬֣̫Уȥɡȶӣǰ֪¹ۣһ񲿣Ǹ졣ȥ͵ģ
ţȥʦ˵
ɵ۹˵ŮҪŮǵԺ۸͢СŮǳΣҲˡ
ٟR£ֱǣ£ǰкʲôݡȥ¹·¹Щʹͣʲô񣬻ĵģҪ׼һ˵޲͸á
ٟRҲ֪Լ¶Щִ٣ЦеʦȲ裬ʦȺȲ裬ȥȥ𡣿㼱ģҪ󲻸ߡԼĳ˾׼ˡ·ٺ߾Ƿ治̫ʢҪĳϡҲ÷£ĵ֪дһƪУҲ
ȥͶա
˵ͶӡٟRֹ۵ʦ㿴ôһ¶ͦ򵥲ǣ
Σµ£ǲ򵥣ưҲøװ
ٟRˣҪʦ㣬Ҿ͸־ͬϡ
Цб¼£ҵԶǲͬȥۡ
޷ԭҴżһȥ
µðǰţʱվҲҪнġ
ٟR籸ˣ˾ȡݸʦJ
һĿʮпٟR飬۶ֻһλ˳᳤ǵµĳΪβͬУ
ٟR˵ȥǼСһȥġ
ҪʽҪ׼ģɼ֣ء䲻þ̫ʺԵ볤Ϊףڵ۶ؾоŮоŮ۶Ů㣬һͬϸׯء
ٟRųͦϲֻԭյģŪôˣɾˡ
һ۾ͿٟR̰˽ģһ壬Ҫǵ¼ٹ˽ΪʵΪˣˡܷ
ûе£ٟRϣΪԼ⣬Ҹ룬һӶˣʱų̫ʦǲðš
鲻мش䶼ŵùȥģŲһ˵Ц
ٟRȻʦô˵Ǿôɡÿʦ䣬ʦⲻ
ЦЦ±ֳ¾ͺá
ˡٟR˵ҵʦģһġ
ٟR˵Ļ飬һ̣ٟR°ܸźá
Ǻչпʦʶ㣬ĸȫ
ٟRС˵ˣҲˡ
չЦȰ棬ʲôʱȥ۶ɨӭ£һֻһΣǰѶԺŰˡ
ӱҲ˵ҲǸŵ£ǲȥΪ͢ʲôȲ˵ġ
٫hҲ˵붼룬ʦдġ£ʦ״Ԫ
ôٟRҲͰССԺ󣬸߸˵Сµ
˶룬Ī˵£˭᲻ٟRء
˳᳤Ц˵մRĹ⣬׵һжR㰢ˡ
ٟRԽԽ𣬡׹Ůе۶㣬͵ùңȻûס
˳᳤ֵЩҲָٟRһŮгŮʱλ˵Ҫһˮƽ
ƫģҲƽš
ϣȣ˭
ٟRһ˳죬עЩЩ
Ȼˡ˳᳤ѫ佫ңͬΪҲиĽ
ٟR֪ͬŮҲЩͬ
˳᳤⣬һ䣬ƩİչĹ֮Ůӱ佫ŵڣ֣ѫ壬h˵ҡ
ٟR·𱻴ͨζЩ
Ȼ˳᳤ЦѵΪģ
Ϊǹϵã׽һˡ
ϵá׽⻰û涼ÿǵ˳᳤ͷϵС񲻾͸ˡ


191 



ĵһһ 
ٟRһɳȥ,ǽгԽҷ۽硣
򷪵·ңɵҷٻطء
Ƕͷһ˵ܴŮ۶ŮȥΪģ£
ۼš
δٹ̫,ǵ,ҸûٟR롣ٟR٣϶ٹ⡣
ҶЩϲ,ǲϲ±ɵ,ٹɲȫ˳,ԴЩǡ
ǹ,Ů֮,ǱĶࡣ
ɿżŮӻϲϲ׼Уֲ˵мﺢȥҪҲֻҵĺ,Եĵ۶ѫ֮ŮҲܵ롣㲻úȥѰ˲ϣ±ûκӰ졣
ô𵶵˵,²ס
˭˵йȥΪ͢ءΪĸΪ,ܲùȥⲻֹТ֮ô
ʵҪ򲻵ѣûԸ﹫
λ޸,ʶλѣö˶˵,﹫ʲôͦϲ
,Ժǰ˵㻵ʥ,,ֲܳڵ۶ס,ڹ,Ҫһյ˵㻵˭ܵˣ
ǣٟRųĴ󣬳Ҳ๡
æҲܸʽ׼ļȲ̫Ҳׯ£߳ޡ
û㣬ǲ˾и¡
˾빫칵ͨȻһȥ׼ĸ̡ˣ񲿡֣ٟͨRļգȥۣٵ¡
ŮҲʮӣоĽԼľλ޾Ҳׯصѡ
˴̣ȥȥ۰ݰݣֱûıȡ
һ磬˾׾ʹŹԱٹǳٟRһ˵ȹӣСΡ
طθĵĺãˡٟRǹɴβΡСʱһ㲻Ԥ̫Ρⲻ˾Źٟ࣬Rϲǰˡ֮ǰԳٟRӳȥ
ٟRã˳᳤ִǹ֣̫֣ʺ󣬱ŵǳ񲿹Աķ£ȥ
Ůǰˣʱ԰񲿹涨˳򣬸ԵǳݶС
Ҳ֣ҳƽʮ꣬ӿˣǵ۶ӯ˼ңҲԸ۶һ䣬۽硣
ʹǰֵʱڣȫðջرҲܣǰִ졢ơɡȡϴ̵Ḷ́ݣ˳᳤ķﳵǰٟR֮оŮݹŮ
ٟRʹ򿪳£ɺĽ⿴ȥȻֵֵĽ·Ůӵ˼ٟR⿴ϲߺ£Ӵǹ£
˺ǧ꣡
ٟRʱʽڷﳵʱ򲢲࣬˼ҸкҲǻӻ֡
ȺһӾͼ˶˵¸ǻģ
ҿҿĶģ
ѽң
ǧ꣡
ٟR飬ô뿴ߣ󷽷ĸҴкһֱȸٟ꣬Rδĸ˾˵裬һ顣
˾ЦǰĶüأƽ׽ˣǼһ棬ؼ˵ꡣ
Ҳ˵꣬˵ʮꡣȡߣٟRȡ
ٟRŲյҿɵ˳Ҷ˳˳ġһҲԺ
˾ǵðʱǶһ
ٟRͺܸˡ
ۣһʵȥ£һٰ죬ְ࣬оͺܲһˡ
ٟR˳᳤һ棬̩񰲡
۹׼֮ŮϢвáмһһùĻ˵ϸƣϵϼƣһƽ飬೤
黰һ˵ֱҶС
ٟRȥ¹۾ӣҲ֪¶Щľ°Цһ˵ȥϵ˼ƣȻͦ˳
¸壬Ȼӣȫһģһ룬Ͱѹµˡ
ٟRƽӹд˸ŵĸ֣˹¡
ڼдԼԸ⼪Ҫҵǰϵġ
ȥҵġ
˳᳤ЩҲдˡ
ϢٟR˳᳤ȥ¡µ£Ȱ¹ּʹ͡Ȼ񲿹Աסһݹ۱ϺסҲ빫˸ƣȻ㹫һһµ÷ѽ硣
ԤիٟR˳ṫԾõի
ÿիٟRҪһɮ˳ղʹɮһ׾顣
ܵ˵г̷ǳ˳λعٟR˵Ҳ߸˵ġ
Ƶȴ£ʼʹûڼۡιȴȥۣ¡
˵ʹͶһ»ñիع
Ǳư
֪ɮŮ棬˵ǹʦ
ͷɮ¾ʮֲˡҲо񹦣ܲɮȥ̹书
סֵҿԵպ֪𷨾ԶѰܼԺзҷᣬμӣԴӷԵ
ٟRһӾʹˡ
۶˰֣Ȼʵ۱µݸ磬ɻʵ۱Ҳա²һ¸ǻģ
ǣٟRһֱʮʮٵԪڣоĻⶼǣ
Ӵǹ³Ϊû
û
ӴģûģӴ٢𣬵һɣһĸҵģ˫Ϲû׳ü£˵˵Ƕĸ֣

벻룡Ķܼģ
Ӵһɣй۹ҵǵƣϵƣӴû˵Ҳȥˣ
һӣ¾ͳ˵۶ˣ
֮󣬴֮㣬湫ŮҲų
һ˵ȥˣʱ̬ȾͲһĽ


192 ѧ



ĵһŶ 
ĺö˹,ҪǣٟRڵ۶ƷԱ֪ﲻǸ߹ġ֡ĿڿഫУ,ò
껭ϹµŮ,󣬸
µӹ,ѵһĸϡ
ԺӵԲϸΪ,ҽˮ׼Ѱ,ԲЩ,ϲ
Ϊĺ,彡ʲôְ,Ҳƽɹ
ٟRӲҲûθߵʱԲ,һӤ,Բĺӡ˵ǹѰСҲϲĳࡣ
Ԫ,ٟRյ׹ݳ룬ѧٰϱ,빫͡
,׹ݳһ¹ٷ,㡣
ϴε¼,ѧ޲ϲҪٰ쿪,Ͼ,ѧߵ½١
ппաٟRӣǰ׹ݳ壬Цź£֪֣һҪЩһȥ
׹ݳЦǻڼӿ
ٟRʣΪȥ׾͵þٰأôˡ
βмĩǹϵѧĴ£ҿѧƴѧϰ˵ĵ׹ݳһɷֹµһ꣬һͷҲͶ뵽ѧϰȥ
׹ݳһе¡
˵
׹ݳȡһͬ˫ϳʡ˽ӹתٟR׹ݳǸµġ²죬Ϊգ֪¿пУǰȻϲ
СٟRһӦ£Ұʻ֡
͹׹ݳٟRȥĩѧɼȡǰʮԾ׹빫ϾƷġ
ȻѧĳɼǷֿġ
׹ݳһͬʣȡǰʮϣ˱ˡ
׹ݳһٟͬR˵򱱽ӣҲ뵽ѧ顣ǰӹҪһźðš
ܺáٟR|簢书˾˲ɱô
׹ݳƣĸɥŮТꡣʱҪضʮ߸µġ
פ佫ϵΣٟR˵һΪ˾˽ͻ򱱾
׹ݳô⻰
ж׹ݳٟRһ䣬£սʱû취̫ƽ֣ڵ۶ТԼްġ
⻰ֻٟRܾﲻԣ΢΢üҪ˵Щ񡣡
ٟRһТ֮һ£ĲСԱǲɣǸɥ꣬ĸɥ꣬游ɥһ꣬ĸɥһꡣôһ㣬ȥˡмꡣҪ͵ģҪˣôһأֱӾˡ
úø͢Чá
ٟRĸۣ׹ݳæɲҪ˵Т£²ԹΪǵµĸʱҪñ취ġ
֪ٟR֪׹ݳ⣬ҲʲôԹΪҪǾţ͢ٺ»ɶҪùԱڼТȫɻ
ٟRӦȥ£׹ݳˡҪȥԺԺ㱨ѧĩ¡
ٟRѹѧӵݸ磬ͬ࿴ʱ壬ʷʦһͬ커ǺӣǲÿգҸ׹ݳ˵һɡ
Ǻʲôʱ򿴲Сһȥɡ
Цʷʦһֱ˵˽Ϲ̰֣ҶӦˡ
Ҹ⣬ʷʦһȥϣʷʦһ׼ȥ
ʷʦϲЩ֮¡
ĵطֲȥѧܲȥٟR磬㲻֪ʷʦǰ׹ݳ״ô
໹治֪ǲͬգôײֶ
ٟR֪İԸֳֳͬ˵ʷʦɹİ׹ݳˣʷʦһȥҲܴٽǲֶ顣
һҪЩѣѰǶϡˣгԽҵ׽ãѵһص۶Ҳһǵ۶ɡٟR֣߰ɶǺ顣
֣ҪһȥҲЩһǳ¾ҪطأҲ֡
ƣһ˵ҲмĶУʷʦ
ɣ¾Ͷ˰ٟR˵ɿ㣬дˡˣ˵һжˣð׹ݳǰ׼
á
ɵۼãٟͬRмµǰR·
ٟR׶ĿЦԲѣʲô°˵
ɵЦ֣˾λݵѧ飬Тڻѧҵӣãÿԡ
ྪĿãѧôô
֣̫ȿڲ裬ɵ˵ǲˣѧ˵һĸãͰİࡣ
ٟR˵֪׹ݳ˵ˡ⵱ȻÿԣÿĽνȲһÿһλֵĿҵʲôˮƽܰźʵİ༶ôܲϹأ
ͦ
ԭԵʰɵҲеҲ׹ݳ˵һⶼۼݣչЩ
ⲻ˵׹ݳһϸҪ󡣰׹ݳܹѧܵĿɺˣڹѧȥ˼Ҷһ˲ġٟRʦͨĸ׹ݳСţ
ɵ۵ܹѧУΪ˴Կ̰壬֪ͨ
źáǰǸѧɲͻĹͷһɳȥˡ
ɵ̿ǰRʲôʱ
ĸЦٟRŲЦŵĺܣһСţΪұ


193 



ĵһ 
ʷ̫һȥѧ,ѧԣʷ̫ԥӦˣűһѶ,˵Ϸϵʱ,ѧĲ,Ժǣ¹ȥ,Ҳ١
Щ,˵,Ҳ˵׹ݳѧܵͦá
òõ,Ҫԭ򡣼ȶ¹أ㵱һͬ,һϻǿԵġ֮ѧ£ʷ̫߿ޣС,ɼһߡ
ѵʷʦҲֱ׿,ЦǰR˵,ڹѧͷҲǳޡ
ɲ˵ʷ̫ʷ̫,ɫ,Ժѧ,пҵ,ҲѰġʥ֮,нࡣĽ,ѧѧҲˡ
һЦʦ˵ǡ
±㶨ˡ
Ҫ˿ûٟR࣬ҪٟRƽվͺ֣ԣȥչＸԼݣһֳ֮ŮٟR֮ѣٟRãҲܵ롣
ٟRֳݸ׹ݳ׹ݳһֱҽ˴˿̨֮ǰµĲˮ
ٟRҲûţ˾Ƴһȥͬƣֻǽдһ֣˾ֵֿϣöֲ
죬ʣա
ٟRһװ汦ŲƤѥ£ǽһӢ˲඼õĴ磬ֲǳԣR㴩װʲô
簡ٟRԼüĽ䣬ģֳ㿴ÿѻ䶼ġ
Ц硣
ٟRͺܵСչＸҲһɫװȻٟRͬһ硣
ΪװٟR㲻Ҫȥ඼ֻǵѧЩɵۣӭӵİ׹ݳʷʦࡢԼӵܶ磬ùٷĹٷóĳٟRŮŮǣһɫװ
Ҫ֪ģΪѧҪеĲˡ
¸пţһٟۡRü̧ͦͷһ֣ܽ㿴Ƕװ
ȻŮǰԼõģֻ˵ðȻҲض
ʷʦ඼ߣ׹ݳӦٟRϵģȴ󡣹ڸԼѴк㣬ˡװ桢㡭
Ůһ˵Χ
֮£ǣϻѧһˡʷʦѧû
ʷ̫¹ѧǵһΡ
ǳģְڹѧ
ŮǱѾǣӵͷм÷뿪˿˿Ƶģмֿ֮
⻨û˾ʽɡ
ѧͦġ
Ҳ

Ůǻýεʷ̫̫кѵˡʷ̫Ҳģһҵĸ죬ʮλС
˵ģѧĵطСͲء
ԼŮҲ֮Уʷ̫Ŀ
ʵʷ̫ۻҲûʮλٟRһʮˡֻŮӳűỤ̊ӭӹ£ûŮһ˴һҲʮˡʶԵЩ
׹ݳλǷϢ࿴õ˼ٟR˵ǳʱͲˣۿҪʼա֣Ǿֱȥٲι۹ѧ
Цá׹ݳķԸ졣
׹ݳλֱȥ
Ҳǰ׼ҲǾλϿɵġ
̨мҰõλȻö˵ģ߱ǹԱӵܡٟͬRѡ̴Ůվһţ˷Ը
շǵӹλ٣СǱ¼䣬ûʼɱڣսⰻȻ
ٟRҲǼĲУֳȥıȥǺӮˣ겻֪ʤΡ̽ӿŬѵˡ
֮£򶨶ˣһȾ֪ˡ
ţţٟRͷһ죬괩ŸԶӷ
ǵȷߵľʣƸڳΪ٣ǡѧȫʵǹٻӵܣǸ߹٣ҵҲͰ
ҵٲߣҼҲԺա
ԣȫ޹ǣǱȸߵ͡
඼мֺÿٟR˵˵ĲҲ˲ϺȣҲ˲ϳԣȫĶϣʱ̣кáźʱͰ̾
ʷ̫ĥĲᣬٟRüۣѹע̬ٟRûȫĶڿģ
³ϰ볡ʤһ
˸ԼϢ°볡սսҪѹԷ
ٟRҲϢʱϰ볡ʶ࣬ʦҲ϶Ӱ
ЦǰԴ꣬ÿѰϣΪ׼ġ
ߵͦáٟR˵ͻСͷͬ׼ͷߣá
¹ɼûǺЦϣԼҲصʱˡ
ʦҲϡٟRŶӣʵ˵ͷˣҲġ
ʷ̫ԴףСҾòȡˣں
ٟRҲûʷ̫Ȱʷ̫ʷʦҲҪע壬ʷʦ㵱棬ܵʮꡣ
ʷ̫ʱϲûסһ̣ԣϳԸΪ͢Ч
˵Ȼʷʦƫۣ߶ٟRҲǺʷʦٺ»Ը
ɪ֮£ٟRпһ䣬׹ݳ⵱ϾЩ㡣
ʷ̫һ⻰ֱʱβЦ׹ݳ𳼵꣬ʤһ
ЦʷʦǾͲˡ
ٟR׹ݳޱ飬û˵ֶĻ·ţһԲϾͳ飬Щ
תͷ밢ռϰ볡¡
ϰ볡ľ˶°볡˻ˡ綡Сͨģ
Ϊȷֽţ°볡ҲҵҪұȷʼѷ£һӣ̽Ȼһλ˻ᣬ֣|ֵ֣ϳ
ٟRɴ۾|ǻ϶Ӱ
Ҳųб
ֵ֣죬ⲻΪ档˴۽ǣ֣|ӵϺһŷɳ׹أʱεܱ߲ʴ𣬺ǰŶԱûҽ򣬱ͷԱǰüͷһײײɣҲײĺ˳ء
ٟR͵վ𣬴һã
Ȳʳ쳹
ʷ̫̲סˣ˵һſɡ
æ£ٟRأߵ̫ˣ֣㿴ûһߵĺã
Σ˿ˡ
ֵ֣ĬѣȻ̽׼̽ʤ֣ùھ
ϰ볡ȵĺȻʧ䣬жԱ
ΪӼ͵ѧҲܵ䡣
£̽Ǳ߶һһĻڣԱǱ˴ӵȭЦǺˮЦԡ
ٟRһʱЦųޣߵá
˵ߵĺܺá
˻Ϣǰ佱ˡ
ǰ佱ƣǶʤߵҫٟRѰ佱Ĺʱøֳڱ߶ϸţЦеĸ˵̫ˡĶԱٟRʶȻ⡢ֵ֣ܡҲвʶģһһʹʾףء
ٟRҲ˺һأϵãа״󽫾ҵĺӣģҲٽ
бʵʱ̣ٟRͶ룬ǵá
ٟRУһ֣ƣͬҵ綼һţ֣
绹Ҫڹѧһһš
ԭȥģһޣȥˡ
ֻøһˣ


194 ˲



ĵһ 
ٟRʳҪ󲻸,ǵĶͳĶڹѧȥʳã׹ݳ輸,һ,Ȳʳ÷ѧ̫ţҲеǽ̸Ŀռ䡣
ٟRرָȻ,Ȼ̽ӵͷȻͬϯ
Ȼѻ˹ѧѧӷ,ͳһ,ԽĵȻ,оò,ʸɾ,ֹȻ˵ҲڳûԳ,ϯ,ӹ͢ศְ͵ľǰ׹ݳҲ̽ƷȻı֣˹Ŀ࿴
ٟRֳͬ,ȻҵҲܺãȥ꼾ĩͬ༶һ
Ц,һǿš
Կ,Ȼ΢΢Ƿ,Ȼ֮,λ¹ѧȫ,ʵѰ
ϲκõ,ǫѷҵǺ£ùȱһɡ
ٟRЦ㲻֪ǰȻǺεģôǵһѧȻȻ˻صڶбȥҿǼ£ǰȻһ֧㡣žİͬºԶ׹ݳ˵ǽһ
ЦȻ۽޴£ɫЩΣలο˰Զ־ͬϵͬѵԵ
ǡȻͷ˵оȻʹӾˡ
ôһ֡
綡ʷ̫׹ݳˣ׿Խе֣Ȼ˵ģͻȻԼµѼֵָо
ѧķҲٟR䲻ζҲڡ޵ӣʶһϯţҶԵͦˡ
ڼ仹кͷżԱλ¾ƣϯҲ˹һأ㶼̸Цòˡ
ùţϢƬ̣ٟRð׹ݳȻΪ򵼣Ҳι˹ѧѧĽңϰУԽĲԼʦǰ칤ĵطйѧڵѰľ£ľΧľƻʯݾͣɾ˶Ŀ泩
ͷޣϴĸˡ
׹ݳȫͬģѧҲ̡ܽ
ôʱڱùѧ̥ǣ׹ݳû
лǳ֮𡣡
һЦٶ˵
ٟR飬ȳعѧΣ
ǳŮ¿סˡûȥعѧûе۶ɡ
ٟRҡͷ޵һ޵ڶ˳أҲͬһȥѧʱдŸҡ
ðЦӦˡ
ٟRʣѧȥô
ҡͷǶڼŮ顣
Цã֪ѧûһֱ֪Ҳﱲ̨ݡ
һаĳҵصҵǷĿΣĿϰ徭ʷһࡣ
ٟRʣƽռʳΣ
ٰͽй绹һٵġ
ͷҲпɡ
ٟRǰô
ٰ˵ֲѧ飬ⶼǵ;˵
ڷѧģһüۻ磬ֵòʱ˵Ҳֱӣ˵ǶѧЩ벻ӵȥģйҲеģǶܴ֡һػྻҽŴһһأźˡѧĿγҲ˵һֻǽĶЩӵÿȥ߶߶߶һڿΣѧͷô͸һġ
˵ȥǶĺܶǼãȥ췹ġģҲû
ٰ⣬⣬ô˳͢ѧӣǸﻹжġ
⿴λճĿЩû˵
ٰҲ䲻׽ɶһģûҪҥĨڷѧ
ֽٰŷ֪壬˵¡
࿴ö𣬡кأ޷ͷŪǡóȥϼٱǡ
⣬ֱԣ츣ӵܡԸ̣Ͱһ˫ӵܵδҶ㣬ֱɣ䷽á
ҽӦˣǡ
жĸдζӣɲЩ߸»ӵµĿޣһƨǿʢֱ֮
ٟRҲ⣬Ǹ˵滰ġ
ֻԼĻӵµƨֱӰԼ游ȥˡʹٰ֪¡
ٰΪ𣬡Ҳȥѧ֪ѧҳء
ڰ֣ôܹء޷вĵףͬˡ
ߣȥһ񣬼ﾹ˸˲š


195 һ



ĵһ 
ٟRһ,ǵ˳ʵ˵۶ڵŮʽװ¶ôˣЩûͬһװĹ,Ҳڼü,Ŵˡ
,³ź
ǣвٹŮЧ,Ҳš
Ȼ,ѧҲһ¥
ʳӵ빫һͬȥѧι,⻹˵,ֱӵ½ѧ
ٟRͦãڶ,ӣԳΪز,˷ѧ,ʧ֮ߵף볯͢
ǲϳ,ǣͲΡΡٹˡ
֣̫ɵ۶˵,Ҳʲô,𡣡οٻ
ʵȷǴ,۶ѧġοصѧɵԭҲûԷѧкμ
һ,䷵طڼ,˵,磬֣̫ţһš
ǣٟRѧͿҲͦˣкȻԼԺѣѲŴչＸ˹綼ǸĸһţȻһݡ
ٟRлٟRһأǹӢҲڹۼҺ񲻶Ҫʬλز͵ĸô
ٟRһ֣лǾһʣҲ˭ûͿʱģ۫滹ġ
˳ǿ䣬֪ٟRʵڣһл浱档
ңֱʣǣɶ˵ɶ
ʲôͿʲô۫滹
ûѪ
ңҾͷѧûܺáͺͿˣ
Уֵ۫ʱ˵ãе㲻ϰ
ɵ۽ֱ飬Ц֪̫.ʵսµķɡ
ٟR˵֪ڹʷѧ
ٟR֪˵ҪӣЦŴһǵһǣ϶ܰѧܺõģ
ȻʣûҸǰֱֱɰɡ
һЦǵխСˡ£ҼҺӶ࣬ﱲһ壬ﱲͲˡǴ£в֪ﱲаĺúӡôᷣ
ٟRͷʷ˵ʶŹ㡢ġ
ȻŹͦ˵
Ц¹ϳҲһƽӡ
ٟRЦǫˡ
˵ͦƽġǰ˵˲𣬷ѧ¶֪
ùţٟRʹǹĸףԼչＸ˻ԼԺ˯ȥˣ绹ҪϿΡ
ٷٟRϲ֮ģ˵ãѹ¸ӰϳôŮŮģҲһϲ
ɵ뵽Ů̿Сһ޻æ
֣̫ͣǰ¶ʱ򡣰ʮʱҿ£ÿοգҸʵۻ
ɵۻ룬Цĳӣ
Щ˼Ҷܵİܿࡣ
ɫ޵֮ģ֮ࡣ
൹ܹԱƨⶼӦģˡ
̫.ʵ۵ΪҶȰϢʱϢʱҿġ̫.ʵ˵нɽܿ࣬ܿϢءп˵ʵȴҲࡢѡ
⻰ֱ˵ɵĿ
֣̫ЦΪΪΣ𣬸֣̫ƽӡ
˵ʵ¹ԵΪΣȻѵƨܣ
ٟRջԺ˾ºġ
ٟRܹͦ죬ܹһϻӵ˾ˣЦʣܹܣˣ
ܹЦһҾ˾¹ľˣпգ
У˵
ٟRչＸ˵һ𿴣Ҳǵġ
¹ϵľ⻨һţиԻ㡣
ٟR֧һɴɫã·һ㡣
˾ܹܣϻЩľû
ѾˡܹܴӹϻӣԴ򿪣ǰ¿ܣ£ϻʮصġ
ٟRˣһã˾ǰ͸֣֣Тڣ޵ΡǰڹʱļѣΣҶеġٟRҲ˾һݣ֣ԼҲãָҲá
˵֣ӱϧТУȻһϣֵġ
ǰ죬ȥҰҲȥٟR飬Ҷ˵á
չſЩٟR£ԽҪطأºβҲŮЩǵ⣬ҲǸ롣
ҲǡٟR󷽣˾ȡŮݵʹٟͣRϤٿɸһϻǳҵŮ
Ŀܹܱ²ʹ
ٟRʣܹܣĹû
ܹ̱ʾԼʹģĹµĶҪ¹Ŀȥá
²ٟRͬ˾ǵ裬˴һϯʳܹ͵˾ȥ
ܹæл´š
ٟRЦЦȥԷˡ
ظϢƬ̱ʷһ۶ЩӣҲûӹТҪطأӲͰܵ˵˵
ʷԼʱС泤ʷ˵ѧСүϿΣС˵ѧͻءʷڹѧСүѧ˵һѧͽСүظ
ףˡ
ɿСˣСүԼѾơ
ð
Żصĳʵͬĳʷ˵游٣Ҹ̾ͻصġκǹѧҵҪ游ʷɵԲ˵һ
ʷٵүΪѧҵү֪Ҳֻиһѧġ
ǾͺǾͺá游һȥʲô˵ʵ˼Ҳ˰ɣ
үڸﶼֱԣͬеĿģ
ٺٺһЦټǫ飬ģҵҪǹʵңҲѣ˼ͺá
ϰտΣЩˣ·ϼа̣ȥʮӣָʷһԡ
ʷôǣҧһڵζ治
ǵȻˡСĵЩ֭۶ǵ۶ǳҲҵɾԶ۶ˡ
·Ϸֳʮӣʷʣ߸ˡӵʱ򣬺׶
ڹ߳ϢȻůʣĴ黨ܣŪݣ⵽ʱ򣬳ڸˮ
˻һүСүˡ
ͼݸ߸Ƶĸ˸Ҿ游ˡ
ˣԼˣ񡣡ˮưݸŮǰ˵ԭţҡ٣㵹ûһǵҴ㣬׶ͦ󡣡
ĶĻʱ޿̲ǹ游һڳ˵֣̿ϹҲŲġĴ۾߱ԭǸòڣڸӲ⣬٬һֻҲ޷ƫ͸ôоͻǣһɶģԲˡ
϶ͷŶ˹ıˡ
Ƭ̣˸ۣӡ
ɶûأڨڨ°ϸϡ賤ļëͷ˷ңʱ˵үһģӿ̳ġ
⻰ֱûгЦ⣬ٸԼ𡣡
ҲЦˡ
Ů裬ȽһյԼȡһյ˵ǸлԵĺӡЩУҿǸͷҾҪطأҪҰæĵطôֱӸҡ
Ǿѳѧʵ֪λ£ȻġѾˣǰֲ׼Լıǰô
ʣȻҪ˵ʵ
ǲǶܹô
ԭºŪȥˣû뵽游Ҫô
⵱ȻŹᣬ̾˵Ҫæĵطǲ٣游ɶȱȱǮ

һ󣬳Ҫ٣
һǧǧ٣ʮӶࡣ游٣Ҫ١֪۶ӣסǰڹѧֻסеᡣں¹ѧظˣʳ޶ǮˡͬţҲһЩӦꡣҹѧɼԺıʹҲø㡣һ룬Ǯĵط˵ǲǣҪһɣͶһЩ
˵ŻһС۵ĸֺãЦͦԶ
ԶǣнôЦء
Ǿ֮սˣλѼҲҳ̸ǮǷëǡ
ͳƤСԺҲˡ
ðɡҿǸг㣬͸ʮ򡣡
룬ʮǰݵĶ౦ôû˵游˸ҾϲЦտôҵˣҲ游ˡСԶǵ游ҵĺá
Ҫ˵Ѫģ游˴ĸӣǡô˵ء
ҪƵĽడ
ҰʷΣ
뵽ĳʷ˵ҪǷ۶˾ˡ߲ȱˡ
ţʲô£ֻܹʣЩӣʲô
˵ǮɽտɲУҴóһǮм֣ڵ۶ЩС⡣ǮǮԺ󵱲ͲóÿҪŪˡ
۷ĵ⻹Ǹԡ㣬ԶٷΪõ游ʱǰ游źܵģƨַġ
ڹѧĶ˼飬ΪҲڹʷиƪµųĹʱ̷Уǳֺ֪ãҲĵ̩һû׻ĸо
źʱóȡϻݸ⣬ȥˡ
߸л游ĸӹϻȥǱӰûж˵ҲûжĲᣬ޶Ǯ̰
ЩȻµһ˳ˡ


196 



ĵһ 
֣ڼТ,ƽ֮أҲֻܸ˵˵ˡʱʱյٟRĶ,ҲС,һˣзݡ
֣Ҳ¾,˵С,ȫ,ĵҲ,һ׼ġ
ҲǸһˡ,ʵǸǴҵģֻǽӦˡ֣Ҳܻ׬
ҲǹŽ,ݼڣҲһ档
˵֣˴Ůùȥ,ö˱һȥĸ
֣Ʒ,֣棬ۼТڣĸײʲô
֣˵,ôˣhļ쵽ˡ
֣,,ϧhļ,Ƕȥ
֣Ů,˼,Ӻ,游һ꣬öТҲһȥءʱҲЩ
ŮǲТģֻ׵ţزТģŮܡ
֣ŮŮ׼ļ٫h۫ӵճԺط⿤ĸһһԺڹٟRͬ˼Ҳ׽ļ֣Ȼᱡˡ
֣Ҳh㱸һݡ
á֣ЦҲǽ֮ꡣ
֣˵ۼТڣԼףһ¾ˡ
֣˼ϻбӯӯ飬ôУŮһҲһ񣬵뷨ӣصøġ
֣˵ĸף갢ӱҲء˲ڵ۶ļۼҲñ񡣡
ġ֣ʣ㿴֣ƽʱϲʲô
ӱϲѤõĶָָ֣ϵĺ챦ʯϲ飬˵̫ˡ
ǸhģhǺ˳ⶫһ
ʱٟRŽӱͬչ٫hһ֣ҿ֣ʱ֣¶ϰ߹µ̽ˡ
ٟRֻͬŮˣҲ֣λ˾˵֣빫ȥԼ²԰ڻ԰ٵһطɶûУѾʩ÷ʣůֲˡ
ˣ³
ٟR£һʣϵ˵ҹʮֻһع͸˾ֻв裬м͸԰ҰȤˡ
˵ٟ꣬R֣̾˿˾ǰܻ˲ţҲֲܳѽⲻó͢ٺ»ô
֣ҲֻТʱһЩ䲻ܽ®ĹҲҪڼма˼
ТⰧ˼ͺǳˡٟRػὲǵü̳Ϲ־ⲻȳֲ˼İ˼ǿ
֣˵ܱȵø˼ҡ
ԲŸŬٟR˵һУЩȻǲЩƵģ˵ⶫǸҪ¡˾ˣԭͱȲϹˣô꣬ҿԺȲϡ
ʮǡ
ֵ֣ܸٟRǵЩ£ٟRѾԽΪǣһ¾иòʹ
ֵ֣𾪲ѣ֣òڵ۶ТѰʹô
֣٫hŮҲµģȻ˶ù˵ɶòʹ
ͼٟRһ֣䲻ڳҲšҺȻ뵽мʮʺλ˾ˡ
ֵܶ˶һֻۣ˵˵ǣ
ѧٟRľãڹѧкܶγ̹ѧϰ˾֮ǰڻǮ֮ºҪ϶ȺԺĺּʶƸ㵽ѧΣרǮ֮¡
˾ĲʹҲˡ׽ڹѧְһܽĽڿΣǶǵ۶죬϶߽첻ͬУȥѧνΣѧٟRеĸƣǹʣԹѧǳ˽⡣ٟRֵܶһ򰢏|簢綼ڹѧ飬ܾͽǡҲǵ۶Ĺѧ˲ſɶˣģǿ۽硣
ֵ벻Ѱˡ²ʹ˶ЦӦ¡֣û֮£΢ĩѧ֮ܿأ֮á
ٟRӦЦ̫ǫˡ
˵£һʱܿŲԣõֻ̹һգѧǣ˵һ˴˼ˣҲһʦ֡
֣ѫңѫǵ죬ǼӶûʦ¡ɾٟRһѣ⻹ǼĲʹ
ѧﶼǹٻӵܣңѧٺ֮
Ȼ֣ҲܰӰŵѧ顣
ȷһЩӣ֣û
֣˵°æ֮УǼǹǣ볼ֶУһĽ̵
ҷġ
֣λ˾ŪɻĲʹٟRҲͦˣ֣һգعͰѸ֣λ˾˰Ųʹ˵ˡ
ɵ۵֣򱱽ТУԸȥô
Ը⡣ôԸٟR˵ҿ֣˾˶ֲˣ룬˾׳꣬ÿֲ˶˷Ѱ̽Ҳá˾Ҳţ˵̵ıʮТʱڣѱҲһԺгϢѧӣȫǸʵô
㵹ͦ㡣ɵЦѧ޺
ǵȻˡ˲ţŲá
ɵͬĸ飬Rңѧıβ糯͢Ҳһó׽ǣ򱱣Щʱ䣬ڵĵͽ׽콲һ
֣̫ⷨӲֻǵźʩС
ǹһ
֣̫ûзԡ
ӵɵۿͽ֣Իʵ۱µʾͬԼļ⡣
ʱѽ磬µչⲢǿҡ֣һǴů͡üǾսۻϰߣ
֣ɱӪʮ֣꣬ص۶ǰȻ׵Тڣ֣ȵֻǣֵڼÿϧʵ۱͸¶ѸţЩˡ


197 ȨJ



ĵһ 
۶Ĵһز̶ˮ,ƽȴЩղĪĶ
ٟR٣һ
,˶¶̧ͷ,Խλطأɵ,ʳӳ͡
ٟR֣Ҳһء
ٟRر˵,,ƽ˳Ļֶ˵,Ϊ↪,ҾͲ˵ˡǳѧ£ɵüͷ
ͷһͱɨ˵,ڣʳ̵R,ⲻ,Ҳġ
ɫٟRʱʱͷ,ٲ
ǾͺáٟR꣬춣һ,,ֵЩ
ҲֻܹӦŵ,ﵹǺԸ游׷ֵ
ٟRתͷ,ѧƺ,ȥ,Ǳãĺáٸ˺Ūˣʱдţ֪Ҳŷġ
ٿɵֻܷģܸĺõġ
ٟRԽԽҷҲѲЩԼˣ϶˿ɿ
ԽίʵЩٟRСС˶ϳ˵ԼҷûѰ©ʱҲӦ·ģȱȻġ
ȻٟRձ㰲ԽŮԼļ٣ǻطȥȻԼдš
λ¶죬ԼҺӼġ
ССŮޣ˲¶١
µɣ񣬼ƽ󳤹£ص۶밲֣̫ɵȻӦʣٟRŴ£ĸ˵ĸĸùҵĲʹͽҰɡĸüûҸúòãʱùĸҲڹסա
֣̫ЦУǾͽˡ
ٟRĳӱ۾ӱҲϲҲûԼĸˡļ֮꣬ĸ϶ġ
֣̫ȻҲ뵽ˣ֣ʺȻ󳤹عӱļЩʱգ󳤹ˣһٰ졣
֣ʺҲͬĸ˵¡
֣̫һ¡ҲǰĽ֮꣬¾ͳТˣǻТУǲޣ򷢸˹ȥ˵ڹ졣
֣ʺǿɺáԭ㻹˵ޣð밢hһ졣ֲ̫Ϲأ۫ϾǷ֣д󣬾ûӦ
ⲻطգȽһĸޡ
ƽ󳤹λص۶˸Ůӱ켰񣬻гｪ¡Ѿͻ飬ұҪչС
ⲻϹع󳤹һӶأС¾͵
֣һТúˣʱ֣ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ס
֣ﱲТڶ̣Ÿ³Т
Ҳ֣ļ֮꣬ƽ󳤹ӣǴɣҲһո֡нӱ£ҲҪиﻮˡ
΢εĳУ󳤹ۡ
֣ոյٹҪΪٰ֣켰Ŷ½ǻϲ֣Ҳɿʱĸ죬ǺģֻǼ۫⼸겻ʮֶԸ۫磬ĸˡ
Ҳ˿ԸΪٳ֣ȴղ档
ֵ֣֣̫ܶĴģ֣˽ͬɷ飬˼ͱٽˡ
ΪΣСǶѳТꡣŮ겻󣬹ʮߣøŮס
⼸궼ڹ룬ڼͬѧŵ¡ۼЩݹʾɵģ߶ТóţаڼңҲҵһ۰򡣡֣˿Լͬϵι̣ŮҪޣϰƼҼˡ
֣ͷͬ⣬ɡǾͱðȥˡ
еԼ˽ġ֣ѴŮͬɷ룬ȥܲܽ۰ȥŮ
֣ҲͦôŮȥס֣һҡָĸǣػ¡ҲŮһ㡣Ϊ֮ĸšǼȾðٽù¿λӵȰأȹ˹ĸǵģҲ˹ġ
֣ҲףԭҲӦ̧ҡҾ㡣
ֻĸ׵ģƫ
ɷò⡣Ȼɷ˵֣˱Ǿдýʱĸ˵һùٿŰλӣбĹʣѡԵĹ㲹ȱɡ
ţôɡS
۫ӷ֣Ͻ˵˴£֣̫ٟR˼ٟRźģ㲻˰
£ڼѧŵˡ
ڹﲻѧôٟRʡ
⻹иԵʣҲڼҷֵЩҲ޷ǡοֳţԺʲôȤ£Ҳܸ˵˵
ٟR䲻⣬Ҳûǿһת»ҳаȥľ¥ԷҪ㶨ף㻹ڹһסġ
ҶЦˡ
֣̫ʣͲһλ벹ѡûУ
ٟRԭҪ֣ģûѡ°£һʱüѡĥţ˵㲻䶡Ůôѡҹͬĸ׵ҵĺӣܲ
֣̫۵һ˿Ĺâб齿ɵһۣٟRЩԥһRԼ˼
ٟR˵ʣԭţѫҰǲҲҸѫҵŮӣǹ˳᳤ѹ£ǸԳҲвͬɱ𡣾ٟRнõѫĹ㣬ݲ֣µİȱ
ɵһ֣¡ǻʼңֻ˭˭áõĺʵˡ
ٟRЩ£˵ҲҲСˣҲܿͶġ
ôԶд󹦣˵ˣֻس̵ãҲǼӶࡣ
Ȼ˵ٟRӦˡ
֣̫ЩɺǾͰѰסʰס
ȲҪ֣ٟRİǲһģ£ТһҪСסġùʰһСԺˡ
֣̫Ůٰš
ڶգɵ۵ټ࣬߶ŮΪ֮¡༫Ϊ⣬ھȣǫ飬ŮҰ֮أ빬Ϊ
ɵ۰֣಻ضʱĸ꣬Σʱ޵ʱСɶĹһֱϡ
˳֮𡣡ת֮ŮΪΪֵһλ֮ŮΪ
ȻߵλӲҪ
ɶӲκϸ΢С¡
ΣؼȰŮ¶
£ɵѵҳŮ£ݲҪ
ѸϮһɼõֱ¶һ˿֣̿һ񣬡̿֡
ػ̿֡ɵ¶Ц⣬ǰ࣬Ķȴɱͦļͷļ米𢣬Σѣǳۡ͢ŮҲǼõĺӡ
ϻ̳Ͽֵѵµ˳룬ٹ밲ȥˡ
ձԼһֱ˵ԼսսѧģΪģǫѷСºӲΪ
֣̫ձŮҿǺҲʫҲдĺã밢Rһ顣ģҽŮ
֣̫ﲻ¶ֺڷ磬Ҳ֪ʵ۱⣬̫ﵽֱ֪֪ˡ
֣򱱲ûؾУϹǰѽ֮λó󳤹֮֮λŮ˼ȿɶݰ֣ңϾˡ֣ŮãҲʹƴЧ۶ˣǸͿزΪ
ȻӲֻһλ
ԸŮΪҡ
񣬻ʵ۱¶ֱ˵ˣҲܷԡ
ƾŮΪ࣬ҲƷס
ٻɹطӲñС˼ڡ
ڶⱲӷ˼öˣȻʼҪŮϤһ¹͢Ҳá


198 ֮һ



ĵһŰ 
ظѹŮ˵,謼Ⱦϲ游ĸġ
ҲǼ١
ѾݵĲ,謽˷游࿴ŮֻǸ,һ̾ϲ¶,ֻº̫׿ͬ˵,⻹мٲɡ
,ʮֳס¿ϲ,Ҳδʧ̬,ǵǰܹ,߶λԼҪ֣Тٽġ游ôͻȻҽ
,Ůǵĺ,Ҳϻۡ
൱ȻҳŮίҡ¾ʹһӣ֣ʺӣȻ,ԺλҲǴµġ
µĲңҲسš
൥ǲҽ,¶ֶġ
б,˿,˵㿿ȹϵ
û,١
֮,ڶ࿴,Ǽûΰ¡
Լ֣ﲻˡ
أʱ಻ţԥ˵ȻǼ¡Ҽν빫Ҳദ۶ǳڵ۶кܶѣ඼ҽôѡأ
Ǳ̫ﶨģԭҲŹض࣬ڼڡȿãʹţкηΪʱҲǳҳ಻ѷ㣬ֻܷĽÿ¶ҪȥΣҲĪԷƱ
游˵֪游׸ԼҼҲ͡
ЩףҲԷЩġ
̫̫ŹŮҪϲɫæͬŴҪĶ
æʱŮٹ̫ͣŮʮϸ£һЩأдĶָ㵽ˡ
ԼãӶ
϶˻ؼңǻϲ
ֻжΪˣԺÿ̾
謿СƵ̾û꣬ԵԵĴ˼˼ˬζԭҵս˹Ż㣬רóԵģھͿʼˡ
ЦŸܵܲˣֲǲʮһͻġ
˵Ҳÿһð
Ͻö↪¾һ壬Է²죬Է
ֻܱ죬ͷԷˡ
Ƴһۣܵʩɶ˼
һӣҲæͷԷˡ
ڶգ謱һλԼŮЩƽճõŹˣȥˡ
ٟRһ˲չＸҲǺദĹ㣬Ҵһ󷽣ѧʶѣΪ˲µģܿˡ
Ψвٵ۶ŷ˶ǶҲЩ֣ҹﲻٽŶЩӶԼŮ̫밲ģòʹ˶ҹͷϡ
˼źĽ
Ƕ࣬ǵн̵ӻŮĲʹкҲŽˮ¥̨մ⡣
ٟRЩҲ⡣
Ͼ٫hļٟRŴҲ£ʱȥ٫hĴҲǹģٟRԼķ˽˰hһƥðh
٫hƴǣ̫ˡĸ˵˽йƷֻǹġ϶ǻʺͣôܸء
ôˡhⱲҲһμֲƽͼʱһΡٟR˵Ҫȥĸ϶Ҳͬҵġ
٫hҡͷײףǺ⣬ҲŲذ
ٟR֪hС㲻ϵĸĸﶨʡʱٟRͬĸ𣬡h㵣أ룬һΣôˡĸh˵˵
٫hĿٟRСô˵S
ٟR˵ܲӦô
٫h˵ͦ˼ģôС£Ӧ͹ΪҲġ
ôСء֣ʺŮӵĴ¡һͬż֣̫ĸ󣬰ط˽򲻴ͳ֮ңhĵҲhһĸעҴ֮ݼŮӣһҲ޷
֣̫Цʣ⻰ǡ
֣ʺ٫hĸ֮㣬˾йģͷĽܰɡ
٫hæл֣ʺ͡
ͷ˽٫hȻ۫ѵõ棬ֻ´ԭ۫Щţ˵ĸо
ȷ۫ΪҲ͡ҲԵش֮۫ԭ򡣶۫ӷ֣ע⡶ҴŮ
֪Ľ֣۫ע飬Т˳Ķϱ
ưңİѴɩһ֣ͨϽСӿߺҲֻаһãԵĶɡ
˲áңһͷۡưһֱͦϲ֣ϣºͣҲӲֶŮ٫hļưҲܹģʣɩh˭
ϣҪصһ²ż汸ŮԳɡ
֣ľ˳
áưôɩ֣hг治
۫˵۰h˭ɩ⣬Ͷ˳
ưĸ⻰˵ģǹˣҲԶ󡣡
ͳӣۿص۶˭۫˵겻ͣ⼰гļصһλ²ż汸ã޶˲źá
֣ϵǺѣϲ˵֣ʣĸǾų²Ų棬ã
֣۫ϾҸӣ¾ŭˣʲôص۶˭֪ųݣϣżҳҲҪѰ˼ң˭
֣ϵͷһӣ˫ַ˰죬һ仰˵
֣Ȼһ仰˵Ѿˡ
ưæ׷ȥȰ֣ϣɩĪգĸ˵񡣡
֣Դ˵ģư˵ʲô壬ֻܷŮߡưȰ䣬˵һߣҲûӣֻڨڨԺ
۫ճ˿ڶڳԲ裬Ů˵Ů㻹ȥȰûô˵ģҲҳ쿴鰡ҿТֶûס
ưҲЩĸҲǣٲãҲȾ߹һǧֹ˭뵽ãȥù˵ģôⲻģ
۫ձϱˣֽйŮҲˣһӣⲻ֣ľ˵ˣ˭볤
˴ɩн飬ΪҪȥ룬Ӧ㣡ưҲҴˣ˵ʲôݵĻ˵ǺɳӰ˵ɩҪڹܼ޸ҸҪټҵݣ
ưһЩȴôԼˣֱǻҵĸJG
۫
ưһ˦ӣ緹ҲûԣԼȥˣ
ưԭ֣ҲͻԼһû뵽֣ˣҲûңТŻȥһֵܵӼͲˡ
֣Ѳ࣬Ҳû𴦺ȥͿŽȥˡ
ãڹ


199 ֮



ĵһž 
֣ˡ
˵,Ҫĸ˵ңžǡҵѣȻҵ˵Ļٲ̵ġ
֣̫۾,,ô죿
Ҳ֪ڹס죬ʱȥ֣˵,ʹҡüңС͸,ڹסܶꡣ˿ܾŹض,н,֣ȫûо
֣̫˵,͸hһסɡ
֣ϴӦ
֣̫˵۫Ƿִ,ҲһաαΪȻ뻰գûԼӡ
֣ϺʵڵأһͿƲס,ͺ
ȥʺ,ʺ˵˵
֣ϾȥԼˡ
֣ʺû飬Ͱѳ۫˵,֣ϵĽŮһһʮѧˡ̾ɵҺö˶˵,ûĵط,һ͸˵ң¹ܲ,,Ҳ,Ҳȥͷۣ
ɵֻȽ,Ͼӵá
ɵ۫۫µɶҲ֪Ķ֪ϱܰѶϱһӶˡ
۫ƫ۫Ҳ˵۫⻰Ͷԣⱳ˵ˣ֪ʹشˡ
۫ݣεĿɵۣ˵ûֶŮĲԣͷҽⲻǡͿϣͿ˼ƽϡҪͬΪһͿ㣬ֵġ
˳᳤˵ݣǻʼҵ룬۸ңҿ֣游ΪʱҲûϵһ۵ǹͷˣ
˳᳤ϰݣűĸصøҸңòþ͵ֵRֵƽ裡
۫ͷȻҲʮֲϲҿ߳ռ䲻ظµɣԸ͸
ʼҹسλȻɵۣҲԸԼñ۫˵
۫񣬾ǽܻϿˡֵͬⲻǡǸͿˣĪƽϡ
һֿɵۡ
ɵۿĸף֣̫¼˳йأҲ۫ӷйأãδҪ˵ƫŮƫֶŮʵɡ
ɵ룬һһãһȻƫõġ
ԭҲҪЩȻҲҪ۫Ӧ𷣡
ɵ۵Ǿ۫ٺ꣬ڼҷʡÿΣ
⣬Ҷֵġ
֣̫֣ʺû
۫ţܾʹ˽ҹҲˡ
۫ȭ񣬡£ϳͻظѵǿ಻ŪǷǵϸȥ
ɵ۵ͷ
֣۫ϣϱҲһؼҰɡ
֣ҡҡͷСҾͲȥˡԺǱ߶϶̡ĸҲ϶İɡ
۫δԸ֣϶£Ҫ֣߿࣬Ҳֲһ֣ϲأ۫Щʲôֻǲ檣ȡĸֻһʱͿ㡣ģؼұظصôãί
֣ϼҡͷһһ½ϡǷǵˣƽЩҲǲƽϵġ
ʶ֣ᣬɵ۶ϧ˴ίҲж۫
۫æ˵˭ҹҲиĿһǸصģĸͣĪƽϲǡ
ӸʲôίֻܸǡʲôãǿϹۣҲںˡ
֣ϵԽԽ࣬˵ҾǾ̫ûˡĸǹ˵ģ˵ҡǰ˵ңܽЩڶˣ֪ΪҸ׹ԵʡҪңǲġҼ޸ʮˣҽʮĸӼ޸ÿ쳿趨ѣδԭĸҴûһģΪҪң۵ҵѡ
Ҳȥˡʮ궼ů͸ģҾúĮ


200 ֮



ĵڶ 
ɵ۵˲,ϲ֣ң㲻ϲȨɵҲһֱһ֣ҵȨȨ֮ǣ,ζͿ۸ŮֶΡ
ֱ
ɵ۫,۫΢΢߳亹Ҫ,ͱ֣̫оɫĴϣˡ۫°ɡ
۫Ҫԩ,֣̫ɵָһ,ʵ,Ƕ,Щˡ
ɵ۶һ򷢳ٹ
ɵ֤ĸ,ڣû˸۸˼ҡ
֪Тģȥɡ֣̫ЩĻ˻,ɵҲʹ˳
ؽ׶ʱͰοı㼸,ģޡڹסЩӣֻܵԼһġ
֣۾׵ĵͷ,Ҹhһס
ɵ۽֣ʺ󣬡չ˺ñ㡣
ɵһһź,û۫һۡɵ۳˲ȥʱ,۫첽׷,Ľ,,ϳһ,ϳûС
۫Ҳߵ˵ڣţ¿ϳЩ꣬ظУУϳıСˣ
ɵһĲ֣ͣ£۫׷ɵ۵ĿǴ˱û˿飬۫ú÷ʡҲ˵Ѱ֪ˣҲ֮£Ϊܣ
˵꣬ɵһ̧֣ǰУ۫ڷɪã۫ҧҧŭ⣬˸ˣ
̧ŴҴҳ
ŹͰ۫μҲԷٺ̱꣬۫Էٺʮ꣬սβΣʡʥּ
۫һӡҩһʥֱּ۫˹ȥ
۫ðɵĻظŭ۫ŭ֮»֣˼̫æŴŸӣ˻
۫ҲĲᣬ˿ϱȢôҸˡ
۫ȵʾô£˵Ҳû˵
¶߯ˣ۫˵ڣͬӽˡ˵۫в۫ˣȫ۶֪ĺ顣
ʱʱյıī֮
֣Ůȫ֣ӰԵ˵顣ͻݡ
ĳǲͻݣ㲻Ҳô
˼ĳˮǾͻݡ
֣Σţ˻ûȣȲȡ
ĺ۫Ϊˣ壬̱ѶŶĺ
ֻ֣Тδ֣ұȨ֣̫֣ʺҲö˶˵һٹһǹסġ
£޹̲ˣ߿ȥˡ
۫ҲǸҶǵϳ£ܱܷȴھ֮£ظߡ
۫̾Ҳǣʲôίܵһ߿ȥ
ĬĬһۣ۫Ѵŭָųӵʲô˻Ƿǲ֣ҲǷǲô
ʲôһˣۣԼ˶ҪԼˣŽһˣԼ˷Լˣ𣿡۫ʹӣЩ겻⣬ҿо͵ĸñͷȥãոչţϱûɥ֮ʹ͵ѿ̱ϱֶϱĺҶĺв֮ʱҪױļˣǷǲ֣֮λ
۫ϥһֱӹڸǰָĵΪĸױףĸ꣬ѧʣʶЩĸ׼޸Щ꣬״ﶼһһ⡣Щſϱޣ֪Ĵ¡֪в죬Ҳ޶ϱġ
׷ģͽ񣬸ϱ񣬶ѶϱӻҲó׿ڶǺõϣˡĸɡ
Ҫ۫ᣬ˵𣬴۫񣬶Ů˫ȫﱲãӣҲΪ￼ǡ
һˣ۫ģڰ֣˵סԭۼ볤ҲûϵԩϱۼˡĸͿһ֣϶ϱҲĺⶼˣʥּһ£ۼҸ˵۶Цĸġǰظ涼ˡ
۫ݵλȻһС
Ҳףĸξʧķ˼ҳҪŮģ¶ֺÿġ
۫ӲͷƤӣЩ׷ģǻСһ꣬µˣҲӰ첻Ķȥ
˵ſæȰһȰס
۫Ϊ̾Ϊֹԭ۫жү˻ЪһЪүҳЩֻڵġοһ룬˽үĶ֪ĸɡ
һ֣ƱҪ֣ҵġ̾ǺͿ˻¡
۫Ҳ˼Ϊŭ
۳Ҫ֣ұȨʱ̧֣һɺҺͿӾڴʱҿ̱ϱϱֲֻɵһߣ֣ܲѣ
ɺ޵ӣ
ͻỵ£
պޣҲ³̡
ûԵķӣֻø񣬸̫ʺ񣬻֣Ҳ߶ǰ۫ϹЩԸҲδ˺ϻǺõġ
Щ£۫ȥ졣
۫ӻ棬ĴһҲ˲ͬѴýлͷһȥµòʲô档ʱ̫ʺﳤϵСٲҪð˵
˵Ǵư
۫һ뵽ӶۣȫҶ޵ĹŮҪΪȥЦһһĵۡ
ûȥưϢͨϸٺĸֱӽйսΨβΣʱһвԤУæԸ˱æȥˡ
һ¶ư͵ǲͬɩ½й֪ˡؼҼүԲ齣ֳݣһ¡
ưΪ֤֮һȥģһ̾УҸסɩġҲ˵ĸ䣬ЩͿͷɩЩû뵽ɩŭˡ
ĸǰɩ͸ġ۫üģ֪ĵΪؼҶǵˡ
ǲǡҲˣĸǷŲǵ㵱ŵưҲûԵķӣ޷ǾǶ̫ﻶϲڽ̫ʺ˵˵ٸױףֲЦ
۫ĹŮ֣ο
Ůæ˵οĻҲ벻¡ɷźͿӣŮźͿĸôأ
Ȼ֣ϵĳҲʵӲĹ֡
۫Ӹ˵ɩƽҲûôƢ
ưֳ˽ɩɩһ͹ȥ״ġ;ţ˵һ˵
۫û⻰ҭͨͨô
ưһУֳ룬±ֳ˸ͷԹԹصģúôʱô˵ˣЩ꣬ص۶ķ˹Ůĸƴɩڹ棡մʱûлɩ̾ĸ̾ȥǵӣ
ҽŻh˵ϻưǸˬӣֳ䣬ֿʼ⣬İɣɩɮ濴棬ֻҪɩˣʼһˡ
۫Ӹ÷ۼŮҪΪҵ³Ҳ֪һΪҺãһء
ɫưδٶؼȥˡ
ư̴ĲŮһµʼգ¾ܾҲŲȥġô찡
ʲôģ˵ĸ֪ˣڶĺˡ
⻰ô˵͢һּĸ̾ͳˣ
ҲȥhƽʱðίhﶨҲù
Ǹȥһ˵ǰͷҿɲĸ˵顣
ˣȥ˵顣ȥưhh˵˵ġ
ĸŮ۫ȴܵȵ죬ͽٹ밲ȴŶûܽſŵ̿Ϳ˵үǲͨͷ紫˵ˣȻȥG
۫׼ʱ㲻գº͵̵ֻּͬܲӵġҾſڸ밲ˡ
˵һ۰ڣڹǰͷҲΪѣĹͷˡ
ٹڣٟRѧŴ£Ǽֱӵߡ٫hĸףǹĸȥĸˡ
֣ѹ˴գԺЩŮݣ֣ϸŮıпҲģһ£һǡҲ֪ĸˣէһʱʹҲǿЩТİ׷ˡҲܱһӻǿҲˣ˸Сϲÿ˶ֵǸ塣
٫hкᣬҾǾĸ̫ûˣĸôТ˳Ȼ㡣
Ҳû뵽֣ıΪֵ춼ѧʲôˣ˵һ˵
ĸŮ˵𻰣٫hĸ޴󰭣ҲͰûĵĸһ߶ȥˡ
ĸ˵ĶԣֵΪЩû


201 ֮



ĵڶһ 
ڶ,۫ӵΪĸǸԭΪƢһΪѡ,û۫ѿ
էЩ˻,ʵһأöˡվ,ŮУϰתͷ۫ӵ,ǿĳ,䲻ĸ,ȴҲûʮꡢʮ,˵Ļһԭʱ仹,׵ĻᡣҲʮˣԵǰҲڹе̬ȡذɣҲԭ,,ҲǨŭˡ
ƽͣ۫ӸЩ˼볤,ʱҲơ۫Ӳ̾˿ĸǸ,
۫Щ˵¹,ȭ򳤹һ,ػ,ֳл㡣
һ,,߰߰ɣҲûȫ
۫ʧЦм£ðҲ顣
֣㲻øᡣӣҲ߯۸ʵˡ
۫۫Ѵ֣ǾϵϺˣЩ꣬һױżҵ½֣֪˻֣ϻٰ㻤ŷҡЩֱ꣬û˵һ䲻á
ȷǰʵˡ
۫ӵЩķ֣֪ġҸˣԺĸСƽʱŮﱲһŲܴ˼ޡ
۫һʵ˵ĳֿģЩֻᷳû¶΢ķңһһĴˣ֣һһıˡѽߡ
ҡͷЦЦԳ࿴꣬㵹⡣Ҹ֣׽һ㣬ѵһ˵飿Щ񱦶ߣҲҪ
͸õģ޸¡
Ҳϲ˵۶˼ʮƥŪƥ
۫һҾ
ʱҲûнȥţʵá
Ů£Ҳûϡ뵽۫ЩСǲмһˣӵˣȢ˰֣ӣǵпʮ궼̲ʵȱֻ´ת
ΪԼģ
Ѳ׷۫Ӿһ˼ר֣֣̫̤ٹţ۫Ӿڹſ
ÿ
֣˵󣬴۫ʱ򣬵ſͬ۫ӵ˿˵ĸƫˡ
۫һǸģǰȥ֣ϵ֣֣϶㿪֣⣬ʧ񣡡J
ʵҲ㣬ֻÿ۫¶ֺõЦݡ
֣ǸʵˣЩСֺõĻϲ˵ƽҲղʱҾĸסЩӣ¡
ؼ벻һô
ôؼ룿
ʲô£˵Ұ졣Ϊ֣ڳûҪ۫ˣ֣κӦ
֪ɡ
ʲô£
۫׷ʸû֣꣬Ͼ˵ˣ룬ǲɡ
۫ǰһڣյʹȥ˹ȥס֣ϵ֣ʲôǷ޶꣬ûĸԣ룬û㲻ðɣ
֣ȥ֣ȴֻһ̾Ǿͬӵһӵġ
֣ɫҪ壬Ҫ塣ĸˣҲ̷ҵĸϾĸף֮㶼ö벻ϣǲٵһġŤĸ֣շֿɣ˴Ҳܹ̹
ô̹Ҳ̹۫Ӵ֣ܣʱ֣£û˿۫ӷǻ֣ϵ֣ĸҲΪͶ̥ʱүôŵģһͶ̥ĸĶӡҲίͬ˵ˣԺĸ徻ԣǲȥĸޣĸúС
۫ӣķʥ壬ĸ÷֣֮徲Ĺӣ㿴ɺã
ôءĸϲըִСˡ֣ϺΪɷǣǲʳȵġ
ĸӱ꣬δʳȹԵʡʳġ
ʳĵ˵Ҳеġ
Ϊ۫ӽ֣۫Ϻɾûˣٰ֣۫˵Ȼذɡһڹסգʺ˵ðhڹ켰ҵðЩ׼
۫Ҳ֪֮ܲ˳Ļ㡣
ڼҷ̸ǰɡҲò׼ǵð˼ڳϡҲã㻹Ǻܺõġ֣ͨ˵
ʱ۫Ӷ֣ϵޱװġ˵⻰ⲻĸô
ɷЩദ֪֣۫ϲЩĻˡ
ֻ˵ʵ˿ӡ
ݲһ˿١
۫ӦˣУҶġ
ذɡ֣ϵ
ҿȽȥߡ
֣ܲճ˻Ƥ񣬱Ȼˡ۫ӿԶתȥ


202 ֮



ĵڶ 
ٟR,۫Щߡ
ͬʱҲǸ˼ĺӡ
һĥ;Щ²ԡ
⼸,ʱĸ,ٟRѡٟRϹ,۫۸衣۫϶ǾϹһߣû˱ˡҿƽʱͦ,û뵽,ﻹ,ǹҲλ˾ġ
ε,뷨Ͳԡһ˾Ͳ룬һӦͬʹࡣ
˵ȻƵġҾ˵۫,ûʱ򡣡ٟRһ䣬Ҳǲۡ
ͬ,˭˵ѽ
ٟR,Ҳɶ֪
ٟRֱֱ飬ܵ˼ֻ,Ҳ֪ҪôȰ
չｪﶼϰߵģ,һ,
,ٟRиš
,۫ġ
۫е,ǱȻġ
,ٟRҲΪ۫Ǹӡ
ٟRϹȻţλѾд˾˳Ϯ˾˹λҲڣλ˾ТûʲôӰ졣
Ϊʲô۫Ϊ֣ѾʧƵѹĵزأ
ٟRû֣ʧơ
֣ǰһ
ԣ۫Ȼһжϱ׼
۫ôóĽأ
ٟRҪ
ֻǣ¶ܸ˵Ҳȥ衣ĸ⼸ҲϲٟR̽һɶҲ֪
ٟRѶ࣬⡣
ȵʦĿΣ¿ξҪˣٟRչＸȻȥϢлҪʦ
չＸЩ⣬ҲٟRӱЦҪʦ˵ĻɣȻˣҲ𵢸̫
֪ģͼ仰ٟRصġ
չＸߺѹ̶򷢳ȥ˾š
ʰԼ鱾ٟRʲôҪʳ
ٟRָȥǰٟRС֣ʧô
龪ȵһüôʣ
ȱ˵˵ٟRߴ١
̹ϣ̹ϰ鲻ЦӣٟRǰ档
֪ʦѲٟRֻðʵͬʦˣҪ϶֣ʧƣ̱۫裿
Ŷԭ۫¡
֪¹ңŮ죬Ƕûᡣ
ٟR˵꣬͵ʦشˡ´ǣԭ¡¶ˣڳ֣һǰ
۫ΪλΪ֣Ʋǰأ
Ӧ֣֣ТԵʰɡ
ΪΣٟRˣТȻɼٰ
ҡͷǳЦǳġλһܲһӣĸɥҪТʮ߸£ͽʱ䡣ԱТܵɹλϵĲʹǲ˵ġʶҪίˡ
ɴТһôٟRʡ
ҪˡʱкʹȱܵһòûʹλҪˡ
ٟRλ˾˸ɶϵû˭ȱҲûȱ
ȷ¾ųͬ¹ϵΣ
⻹˵ٟRնʦ׽صľʦ㡣
֣Ĺλˡ֣𸴣óٰѹλ֣ôʡ
⵱Ȼǲܵ£ʦĹ٣ְܵ
ʦ˼ٟRˡ
ٟRҸλˡ

ôʵһٟRСüë
һ˶һЩƫһ
ٟR˵ϾСС۾ˡ
ЦĶƵŨüء
ٟR鶺Ц̹άһ䣬ʦ㣬Ҳв֮
˰ɡʣ¾Ҫʳ
ǰܾΡ۫ǱȽϱƽʱЩСһһѵġٟR˵ӦʷЩرʹһŶԡҾ֣ǼǹɷóĽۡ
µ̫Ҳ˹ʡ
鲻ֱͬ˵Ȩλ֮˸˵޳ơˮ޳Σʹ治Со֮з򣬲˳ǴֻжԴһˣŻյʤߡ
ٟRߴʷʦ࣬ʦɶǴ
ѧһûʴ
ǲǽ˵ĵٟRпʦʲôãʱ˵ֱ̫˵ˡ
ֱˡѵûɵǳ
ٟRһЦҲ硣̫ࡣҪ˵ʲô¶Щá
鵫Ц
ٟRգʹʦعȥˡ
ſڣȥԼ̴ˡ޷磬ӰӶ̣ܶһڹеʯϣߵ֮ȡ


203 ֮



ĵڶ 
ٟRصٹ,ԶԶӵ¾Ц߼ſڹ˶ûüӣٟRԼ,˽ȥ
˴Ҵͨһ,»ˡ
ٟRһƣ,ֵ֡
ֳڣ֣λ˾ˡ֣趼,ĸ֣̫ĸ,˵˵ЦЦġ
ɵ۵,޻˵,ôѧ߯ùˡ
ٟR,˵˵Ҳ֪֣Ҫ֪˾˶˾,ˡ
ұ˴˼,֣̫ٹ
ٟR˳ȻԼԺˡ
չＸѻٟRԺ,ٟRһȥٟRһ,֡ǸԸ,,,˾ôûһ,кüûˡ
֣,ٳȽ˵Я˽ڼҲʱ£г´˶
ֲˣ»ֻܴһʾġٟR͸׽ʸףʣǲǣ
ɵЦǡнǲͬˡͬһ𳤴ģͬRҲһ𳤴ġ
֣ǫѷ¶Ҫأܻر¡
ɵ֣־̫һһˡ
Ҳִ˾˽СٟRһоģҪʷࡣǰʷιңкԺͷرŪˡ˾ǵСЩ
ɵǺüǰ¶ˡ
ʣô롣ùǶ˾˲ӣǸҥˡٟRװģĸп
֣ٳ꣬ЩǶԵˣֻҪµˣ˽£׵´ϻơĻ̹гһףΪԼյġ
ҶǼƽϵġٟRؿҪгʱͱˡ
ٟRȸ˾˵仰תʶ˾ˣ˾ˣѧɣ
֣һϿ¶˿ů⣬ͷһ֮ġ
ٟRʡ
ֹ֣ˣ
˾˿˵˵ٟR׷ʡ
𩡢Ȼ⡢žӢ⼸˶֣
ٟRЦϻϱǶˣ˵ÿƴϣ͵ȼıӮ
֣ҲʿǵЭս
⻰ٟRǶ˾̫ǫˣֻ˵˺ã|簢ѵãҿ书Ҳܲġ
֣ǳţСĿȾг֮顣
þǺãضĿȾʲô£ܶĿȾȱǵѪսġ˾˵ΪҪǫ顣
֣Цѵž˵ΣЩ޵̵ıк𣿡
Ȼˡ޵̵ıҫϣûĿ䡣еĿ䣬ﲻ䡣ٟR˵Ҷʷʱÿÿ̫.ʵƽµӢ¾ͽסѪڡ
ٟRһСȭͷҾ˼ʮ꣬ûϡ
֣̫ÿÿٟRг̲סЦͦźġ
ȻˡٟRۣ̾ӮԺҡ񣬶ˡ
ɵ۵ͷȿڲ衣
֣ʺRʷѧĲ
ٟR°ͣĸȻԶ
ɱôǫ飬۳ˡ֣̫ЦŴȤٟR
ٟRһűⶼĸ̵ĺð
ôҶЦ
ڿ硣
֣һТУֻؾơ
ٟRĸ֣̫һϯԼѩɫ̥Сյʣ˾ˣǳТаھô
֣СԸֱһգı㲻ˡ
ٟRǵʱҴѹȥͬһա°ֳ֣һȥոТܼߵˡ
ǡס
ɵʣ|СĲʹǿ
֣ɱ
ɵЦǰûһ룿
вʹ¿ʱʣϲ˽ĺ١
⻰ˡҶӣһòʹɵͬĸ飬ҼǵðТǰƷȵǧ
ʮеһ
֣̫ףʵۿźãһǺõġ
Ǿôˡ
֣ұݣ˵ﻰ֣ҵѪף֮۫Զ
ɵٹλָ֣Т֣һʵȨƷְ֣ļ񶼽֣ʺٳ֣Ǻֵ֣ܡ
£˶֪¿֣ҡ
𾪵ǣ֣Т֮գɵ۷ǵ¹ְ֮ͬһ֣⡣
֣Ҹм㡣
۫۫ȥһء
֣۫عںõУԼƽǧļƽ󳤹һУƺƵĻص˵۶ǡ


204 ֮



ĵڶ 
֪ƽ󳤹ص۶ʱ,ٟRѹͣһգСǵӭӴ󳤹
ԭͬȥʷ̫ûʷ̫Ϊ˻ɵ,˵ӹҪ,ⵢ顣
ɣֻʷ̫ġ
ٟRڵ,ֱбʷ̫ͷ˵,ǹ,˵ôžô,Ҫ¡
ʷ̫ǰһ,͸֣̫ٟRһ״
ƽչãҵڻ,ϳһƬģȫΪ롣
֣̫û˵ٟRк,Ͻϲϵ,ʷʦϡ
⸱ʷ̫޶һʥ֮ΨŮСҲ
ʷֻ̫֣̫̫⡣
֣̫󲻼,ȿڲ裬ʷ̫,ѧϰҲҪʵ,ٸһҪ󳤹й,ðRһȥӭӭԼҳ,޷ġ
ʷ̫ɫ,ӹ,ûйŮд棬⣬ҪӦ̡󳤹λʹҲˡʷô󳤹֮
ǱʷģðRӱˣ΢ֻӭҲˡ֣̫ȿڲ衣
֣̫ûûӳӭĻʷ̫ҲòûٷٟR¡
ʷ̫Ǻ󣬽ӱЩ˽¸ٟR˵ĸᳵӣųҿʷʦر𷴶ԣȻ¾ͱȥˡȥӭһӭĸµҲһġ
ʷʦٟRɵˣ塣󳤹ǻعʡף޵Ϲ̻ң˵ȻӦԶԶȥӭˡ
ٟR˵顣
˵ӱθж٫hչˣůġ
ٟRиëɶԽɣɵԽ𾢡
ԭֻܴŰӱ㼸ˣٴϹŮŮȥӭӴ󳤹ˡΪʷ̫ʵԣ죬ٟRŪų
ٟRͬĸ˵Ҫó£С˾ˣʱųС׵ĻӦȡ±
ȻٟR˳᳤Ȼֲͽгһȥ
˳᳤ٟRϵãٟR⣬ӭӼƽ裬Ҫ֣ЩԳ͢ӡһȥλھλҸһ
󣬶ѡ
ھˣһλʷˣٟRС۶ǽʷʦĵġ
һλ޹Ĺˡ
λӦٺǸԵĺҲմ˹⣬۶ٟRͽˣһʷһ޹
ڸˣٟR֣۫һλҵĹ档
Ů̹ˣԲᡣ
֮һޣ򵥵Ūϰ˵ų
ٟRֳаӭӰ֮飬һ𴲣ҴùţʽʹŽӱ볤һӣ̣ƺƵ˹
ϳĹԱˣԷ֪λ³Уһ֪һӭӴ󳤹
һء
ڹȫëұҲֻŰɵ˵һ䣬ϵģµࡣ
磬ҹĻǳ˸ϳ¿ϳĴ󳼣޶ˡʶ·ʮ˳
һ·ȸֳȸţʮʮͤӱͣ
ʱǳû֮УңĶĻϣƱȾǳǳõ죬ú̫ǾͻƲԾҫء
಻֪ߴߴĳ裬֦ͤѳѿӭȾų¶ԶЪĵұʰڵʱʱֵֻ̿߶ϼۡ
Щũ˻СһϸԶԶ׻·Ϣġ
˷ź棬λϢٟR·Ϣ˵ǶͤϢġ
˳᳤ͤԭǳ͢ЪŵģռԵ֡ǴĵķһЩҲˡ
ٟRͬá
˾ǰںòд˽ĵСʳóȥָ·߰աЩս˶ͤߵݡ
ٟRȴЩ˼æ˵ġ
˳᳤ͺܵȻٟRǿƽĶЩһӶѵõġ԰˵Щ΢оܸǵ
ϢƬ̾ˣǻǽ֮ķССǰͤһ񣬷ȥ
ٟR˵ʲôоЩֲȥİգ˵˾䣬ҪÿնܳԵĺãͺˡ
˳᳤ƽʱܳԱ⣬ʢˡ
ٟRʦʦ䣬֪һЩ飬ʶҲ֪˳Է飬̾˿
˳᳤Ц̾ʲô
ͷ˹̫ˡ
ֵͤƬ̣ǰȥ̽λµĻһӣ󳤹ݾ͵ˡ
ٟRվͤڻɶ
ӱҲϳһ𿴣ϧٵֻĳĸĳݡȰٟRȥţһĸҾ͸㡣
ٟR밢ӱ϶Ǻ󳤹ˣͷţá
󳤹͵Ŷ֪ٟR˳᳤Ҫӭ󳤹Ǻܸ˵ģ۶ңңȻԸȡֵġ
󳤹Ҳûϵųʢ󣬻ھҸŮӭ
󳤹ٟR볤ֶ󳤹нжŮλ¡
󳤹һһס˳᳤ٟRЦ۾˵ʱܲؾһϳӭҡ
˳᳤Ц֪վһˣR˼٣˵ǧʡصóӭǻʼҵɡ
ٟRЦеأ͸ĸӱˡ
ѰӱƵĸߡ
󳤹Ůͷʷλˡλҷ˵࣬˴˸ٟRýӱ󳤹һ٫h˵Ȼ󣬳Դ󳤹Ϊȡٟ֮RŵλҺƺƵֱʳǶȥ
֣̫֣ʺٹ˵˳᳤ٟR˴󳤹ֻϲһʱɵ۵Ŷڹ磬ӭӴ󳤹
﹬סѰ׵һص۶󳤹ЪڹĹӱ󶼵˼٣ĸһסȥˡ
ӱ˵լ̫˾ģڵĵٟRһʰġ
󳤹ϢҲʱ˳ͰR̫ˡ
ԭһӭĸʷʦ˵֮ӣ¾ûһӱһߣӸĸԡ
󳤹³ѣôͶءȰŹЩԭҲ
Ųʷʦģ˵ʷʦѧԴһ㲻顣˵ĸŹʡһΣ͸ֵģ˶֪͢𾴣ôҶʼҵĺʡӱЦҿ˵ıʷʦ
󳤹ЦR⺢ӣһ
ѮķɳȾ޽ǣüϡɼʱĿҲٟRкøУֵͬ˵в֮
ǡ󳤹ǶˣԺ󻹵ÿġܴٟRСС;еҹɡ
ǻʼˣҪ¶Щѧģǻ˷


205 ֮



ĵڶ 
ƽ󳤹ص۶,Ҳ֡
òŵ۫ȥλһ⣬ƽ󳤹뷢ҰףƵģ,,С꣬Ҳ,ʹҪҲöı
۫Ц̾,Ҳ뱣Щ,ֻʡġ
ж︣ƽ󳤹ʱ۫׽,,ԹҲˡƽ󳤹˵ҵ£˽,߿˷̡
ҲеġҲܵ۫Ϊٲ˲ҡ
ϵģȫ۫ʧ֮ʣʵǼҳ󲻿
۫ط,˽,֣ڹסŲȥ۫öϱҹܼҡ
ͷ۫۫ӵ˽ģϱ﹫Ĺ,ܲί۫
λϽ˲û,ͳƲˡ
ûܡ
һˡ
Ľ,Ȼî
ϲϱ,оλ޹,ҲԼ˽С
,һͲԡ
ԼҲмױ,ױﲻеȣճɾϵȵػ࣬һ֪è塣
⻹ֻǴַ˲ĵ̵棬ԼӪ޳ȥ⣬ҲֻЩ롣
ϲ˵Ҳʣֻòˡ
۫Ϳ׶ϱܼҵĲ֪Եʡ۫ʶҲûʳֱ߹Ļеˣãһ۫ҲҲû۫
﹫겻⣬֪۫ġ
Щ۫һ۱һۡ
ĲܰҰ
۫Ȱ۫ߵŮʣЩӳҺ䵽ׯͷ
۫˽ɾ󣬰ѷⶼˣֻ۫ܰ
дģׯЩ棬۫Ҳûǡ
ԣЩ죬۫ڴ¡
﹫Ĺϵ˲١
⴦øɾ۫ųӰѳϱӻϱҲ˽ģϱȴǸٹӡ
Ҫ֣ϵ飬б˽ңƶᡣ
۫Եô󳤹һ󣬡ʽ㣬ǴŮhǰӱͬ꣬h£ȰӱЩǺǼ֮꣬ǰǴĴ£ʽh֪ʽԸ⣿
ƽ󳤹ЦԶڼƽûӣȸϣȻ⡣һص۶ǰŰhļˣһ
۫лʽ㡣
д󳤹֣ʺԲٳ֣٫h۫ĵճŮĸѫ󣬸Ҳӣļѫ۶ңΪʢ
죬֣̫٫hһĹŮλ
Ƕͣȴ
۫۫Ϯ㽵ȣҲǿճŮһеġ
۫ӵϮ٫hǿ
ԣ͸޷
Ů;г
ٹ͵ôʹ죬ȥԽλ۶ݼ밲ʱŸŮ;Ȼвͬ
ٟRǣһΪ٫hףȡ֡
ҲѴȤ٫hΪ٫h΢̣æ˵ôǰһˣԺǵʹͣҲһȤǡ
ٟܵRǰģ
٫hĽΪϲдҲֳиֲǻ£οǸ¸ûϵе˵ԺҲоλ
һʱ䣬֡
֣˼յƣϷȣŮȡˮŮڣ޼˸ʱ⣬ϸĺ֣Ķ΢΢ϸ·һ㡣
ڹҲǶһ޶
Ҿõģ챦ɴУҶôô
֣謵֣謣ߣȥ
ҲǹŮǳϷ
謿ڸ󳤹˵ٟRһȹô
û¶ȹȥҲó徲˵˵
謱֣ȥˡ
£ʱݻʢ磬еĴ֮飬Ů꾲͵¡Ҫ󣬼ֱ㸲񲻳ĳ
ٟRȥƽ󳤹ƣ󳤹ЦŶٟRRĪ
ٟRһ֣ԶĸҾ㡣һҪ˵
£յſɡ
û⡣ٟRһ򰮳Թƣһյڱ߶ϳ̸ֺһյٟRֺˡ
󳤹ЦžٱҲյҲˬĺˡٟRʲô£
ĸҿh㼰ίʵɡҼʱҲĸòã
󳤹֣һӦ£ⲻ˵ôˡ
˵ЦƬ̣󳤹ҿӱǶȥˣȥˡ
ٟRһ򣬿ɲôЩһ鶼ߣȥϷˣٟR¾ס־󳤹һĸҲȥˡ
󳤹ͷȥɡ
ٟRæСȥˣǴǼ䣬ȻԼ
ЦһٟRܶϷأһǳǩӶȺ
٫hļ񣬴Һһգ¾ǽӱļ֣СҪʮˡ
ȱᣬеʱ
٫hչؼһˣٻعʹ˸ϢҪˣ


206 ֮



ĵڶ 
չ٫hӱ֣ҪС,ײżǣû뵽ȴڴǰ档
ٟRѰ಻סչ,žһչ,ļҹӣô֮ǰû˵գ⻹,̫
չЦ±𼱡֮ǰҲ֪,ؼ,ҸײŸҵġ
ӱ׷,˭ǿʶ
٫hҲĿչ
϶ʶġչ󷽷ĸߴ,ǽʿճ,һ֡ȥǣյؽԪ
ԭǸӡٟRѧľ飬һϲѧʶ,չ,ǳ¹۶˰ɣ
ˡһ棬ѾͶüȶס
¹ӳʲôٟRʡ
չ˵,ӸҸ׸߰룬е,ò˹,ѧʶ,еߡ
ٟRЦ,㻹߰
չͷ,һ仰û˵,ͷ졣
ľȤɼƽǸ˷Գֵˡ
չҸ˵¼ŷ紾ƷҲܲ
ٟRȻڵ۶´һˣҲǼ
аչһӦ¡
ٟRӣǰաλ¹ӽӵȥԼһ⡣ʶδǹµİ
ཫӿ󻹸Լ㡣ؽţֻܴ󷽷ġ
Ȼؽţ¹ӻǺ֣صĲʮ¡
ٟRȻ˳УȻֻг¹һλӣ֣֣֣|֣λ֣н뽪λ󳤹һ۶ӵܣһͬС
ݡ
֣˼ӣԸеѡϹǰİţ֣ɷ¹Զ̸޵ʱ򣬿ǰЩԵ񲻸ô
֣ģεԭҺúõģһ£ҹֲ˼ġ
ʲô˼ͶǶ󣬳ŶչЩҪչ˺ùС
Ūúͼһ
֣Ц˶ʽɴڸӣô˵˭᲻ڹǰúñأ˽ģҲ֮顣㲻֪ڵ۶ĹӵܣѧϰϣΪϲϱô
֣ڹƻҧһڣͷϣǿ塣
ҲϢô֣˵СǴµİƽնǸڴ̷
ţ㣬϶ǲеġ֣Ҫ˵ǶģЩ£ҲüҲ󣬺αԿ࣬ϾϢˣҲǴһ
Ϊ˶ϲЦ֣˰ѳҪ¹׼ã״
ײ˴յġ
֣ѡҰ˿ɴڵĴ䣬֣ûһ򵥵೤ۣͬɫˣ֣ûһپ͵õʱܲùǷȥĳˡ
֣ŵ۶ȥ
ٟRľۼأͷȻȥһ䡣
¹ӵĻЩӵҲ˲ʶ¹ӿǳҲſڵȣһǰȥк
ҺΪ׵ǽõܽڣ¹Աţݳܣܹ֮ǰϡ֪λͬҲܹǰģ
Ҳʮ꣬ϳС꣬Ҳ԰ƤԺڣ͸뺷Ӣ֮һȭǡȻҲԱ˼š
ں棬ô³Ҳڵȹ£
¹һָǵĳߴýĿ۶ҲֻżǵҲ۶ͬǰЩ󳤹ʢ£гһ
ЦʱһֻǸֵǰ˵۶ˡ
ҵҵ
˾ǰ
һʱ֣˵ˣ֣ҵĺʶģڽܸ֣ܳʶ֣|֣뻹ڶ飬֣֣Ϣ֣ͨźۼĶ࿴ۣ֣ˬ죬Цһֱճҵϲ£ռöʶġһ֣Ȼ鴫
¹һոµɫۣŸɾǶˣǸն£м⡣
Ҽ״㲻˵ת˵۵ľ¡
¹Ҳͺˡ
ٟRһо͵ˡ
ٟR˾ǵ³ҷ׷ǰٟRڰ֣ͷɲҪǾͷˡ
ұ㶼Ц˵Ƕµġ
֣ҶģٟRһ۾ϳվڱ߶ϵĳ¹ӡ
¹ӲԶµĳ¹òһһĿҲѿƤ𪣬޳ٶôһ쳾ӡʣʫ߳˵һ㡣
ٟRչų¹һ䣬治ݽԪûȥݣһ½Ԫͷ·𿴵˽ϵɽˮϵԡ
¹ԭǸ׺ߵˣٟRôһޣֻ䣬նˣҵޣ˵Ӣűأڵ۶ѧҲֻǿĩѡ
㻹ôᣬظЩ㸸˱ȡٟRҲǴ͹ġ
ٟRϳɵ˵˼䣬Сӭ˳һӷ𡣲֪¼ݵСδԶӭˡ
Ҿǲųû㡣ٟRŮѧ书ʶ죬ȥæԼǴǡ
ЦСȥ裬Ҳǹ۵ĵ衣
˼ȥˡ
ٟR۵ĴãȽǸԶɶģ㲻ۡҲˣ;鶼
һֱߵĳ¹ӣ͵ճһֹۣ»ֻǸСŮ˵治ôСġ
¹ţĿ׷浽δ޵ıӰʱЩ̡
СоȤ˶ô
֣뽪ʶǸǴͻδޣ˻ʱʱ˵仰̬ȶ̹дһ˿˿ۡ
¹ĽڽǶȻûδŮԼ֮µġȻ۶ԹɣѰؽܼ
ۣƷ˹ƼĴ裬ȥ½ֵ»ԸһרŮϷ԰֮أƵҲãٟRǰ˰˳
иҲãٟRҲͬϲ֡
ùţһֱ浽磬˾ǿʱ磬ȰٟRЩع
ٟR룬Ҳ㾡ˡ
¥»Ըſڣͼһгǰ⳵أ޿֮ƫصĶҪԯѹ䣬ٟRĿָۣʣ⳵صôô
٣ͯࡣǰһλԻͷЦСɱֵǮ
ֵǮѵǽӣٟR˵ǽӣһƥ
˴ЦһȹȻǸĹС档˲ԣɨȺĳ¹ʱͣܣ
¹ҲЩȣǰ񣬿ü񣬳¹ʣŷ壬ôǸ۶ô
ҷǰƹӼһְȥ˽ԪΪˡʲôʱĵ۶
꿪¹˵ԼľŷΪܹˡ
ŷس¹ӽܣѲ³ٟRݡΧЩֻСŮУɼСŮߡ
ֻǿֶ֮Ҳ
ٟRֱŷ˵񣬡ͷҪעĿˡ
ٟRǺ棬⳵װʲôôֵǮ
ŷˬһЦײ˵佫ġĹ٣ǳЩռϻбô
ٟRЦ⻰
֣ŷ۶ƹӼ࣬ôԭƼҪתְô


207 ֮ʮ



ĵڶ 
ٟRŷȥ,ȻҲҷֱ𣬸ԻؼҡȻҪٟRһͬعģ,ٟR,磬˵ж,ȥȡһ¡
ղ𴽽ǣǡ
֣Ƴ۽Цģ,ôһЩɵɵ,ǰԹ,ϳɡ
ȷٟRǳ,ٟRһߣ˷Իǳ,׼ؼҡ
˽࣬ҳߵ֣ͬ¹ӵǳҲһͬΪ,Сڽ,ǷʶʶˣԺˣֻܶ߶
¹ӵͷ,ġ
֣˵˹ģҲѡĺá֣ڸ˭,Լڵ۶Ӧ
¼Ҳ֮,˵֣˳¹Ҳճ,,¹ӵĳ¡¹Ӽ,һˮĹ١游,岮ֵҲι١
¹ӵԭסլģ游ţ۶լ˾ӣЩһֱ޳ȥҾͽסլӡҰǶȥ׺ٰᡣȶ˶׵ӣڼҶְĶ޶񡣡
¹ӸԶΪ٣ĸ游ϣ·ԶУǾͽΪٳ֡ڴʮֳ
֣㶨ףֻ֮˵
¹Цص밢ҵƵġ
֣һӦ¡
½ͷתȸ֣һͬԼһӵ·̡üȴ˴ңĻ״ȥˡ
֣ȥһѫ۾֮
¹ߣ֮سڳլ
¹һǸˣоܳģְߣҲԺչ¹ӸֻƷ֪ݡ
մδ޵Ĺ⣬ǵü£빫ӵܡ󳤹֮
¹룬ֵҵ˵ͬŮһѧʶѣ츳Ʒһ£ֻҪ˼񣬱ᱻ˿𾴡
ſҳԵķࡣܵ԰ŮѵҿнԪô
ӷϵĻٲġ
¹Ӻ֣ܵøУ֣һóϣ£뿪һһ⣬˵Ц
֣ⳤ̾ڼңҵöðѰѹء
˼ҳ¹ӣׯصˡ
󲻵ô˸Եȴܵĸϲĸ֣ˣһŮң̷ԸŮϲ⣬ó±ϡ뽪кþƣϸԼյ
Цĸҡ
֣֣ʽ󣬡һնʲôˣ
ۣҿͦϲ۵Ĳ裬ҹҪ˼ޣТĸģ޸óԡ˼ҽûˡ
֣ûע⣬㵹ϸġ
ǫѷҲŵˡ
֣⿴˵նΧŰãɵ÷˵ϵġͬĸ׵İ½Ԫ
֣˹Ȼʣֻ˵һλϾӣģչһΡ
Ӵܵ࿴УƷʮֳء
֣ף߳ޣ࿴أΪ˹֪ǫǫӣĪǡ
۹⣬ܲˣ֣ĿŮŮҲ
Ѳ˸ĸ¹ͦáǿ¹ӳգҲûչ˵ϼ仰ͦͬ
ٟRعʱ䲢ռ˵۷羰ֿ˰յϷ˶Ǹ߸˵ġ
·Ͼ̲סչ˵ҿ¹ǲ
չһЦֵأаɡ
ӱ˵Ҳ߯ǫ飬໹֪ϸ¿乫ӣǧѡĶ³¹ġ
չ˵Ļ˼乫ֲˣ˭ѡɣ
ӱЦôˡ˭˵׶һŮΪŮӿǣȻöáмҲһ˭Ҷǿһ˾Ͷ˵ġѡȽϣ󶨸õġ
չһ룬ҲЦˣҲ
ٟRʽӱˣӱ㣬h㡢謣ͱȰնǲҲҪʼ˵ˡ
٫hɬ֣Ķʵġ
ӱܴ󷽣ǰҲҪǺŮǼǰףġҼûġ
ȥ׸չ˼Ķɫ糣ȴ뵽ߵİʮһʱ鹫ġ˼ȴΪ
ǸϸŮӣ游˵Ǳ游֮ɶܾţǰ͸˿˿ƶ
عٟR˾׼һǳ̣͸ƼƵġ
ƼƶԹӼĸƲδɹһ࣬ӼƼƵϸ
񴺴ǣӼϰѡǰơ
ƼܼΣٟRţǱĬģƼҲɵƵĸ֮¡
û뵽ƼƾȻҪˣ
ٟRĸΪβƼΣҿڼʮģңһΣδܽӼܺá
ڣȥ͢ҪǨġ֣̫Ҳǰ¡
ٟRŷ۶ʮεŷˣŵҲǸѧʶˡ
ŷԭѧ٣ԭǻƧ֮أ⼸ְƾѧӵ˻ư񣬿ɼѧٲʹϳƵġ֣̫ٟRѡˣǾγ֮ģ޷ѰԱҪ͢ѡκʹԱ̫ѭ˽ʼżѭ˽֮顣̫ѭ˽ͻƹƽһ˹أʧͻС˷ӵ㻶ϲӶõȨơҲв֮ûʩչλãҲϧ
ٟRƼƾЩʱ˲á
꣬ʱ˺ˣʱ˺ͣٻص۶١
ٟRͷû˵Ƽ¡
Ƽǰһ棬С
ٟRʣҪŵ
ݣνʹ
ʹ˾οΣʮҪٟRģ˾ȡƼƵʹͣǽ˾ϵ±ī֪ڹӼྡӼ꿼ҲãӼ̥ǣµ¹£ҲΪİ취
Ƽͷһȣѹסڹǰʧ̬
ٟRϣҲֻܺʲô£дŸңһ뷨û£Ϸ۶ͬҲϣϢ
Ƽŷʲ֪öĽƼĴȻؼҪ֮λ
ƼƸм񣬵ǵ·Ը
Ƽƾʹ뿪۶Զзݾȥˡ

滨ʢϸѩٟRٴķ̾˿Ƽ㲻þγ֮ţԸƼһᡣ
Ͼ괺ǣӼĳɼĴн


208 ֮ʮһ



ĵڶ 
Ƽû,һֱڹסŵ֣Ҳؼȥˡ۫ӼҲܴˣ֣Ͼʹȥ
٫h,չ,ﵨС
ģܲ۫ӿſŮ,֮Ů÷⿤,ҲŮһݶˡ
֣Ҫ,Ȼû
ظ,֣ȥԷ,ֵܽþһҲܸˡ
֣,˵үӶܼңôˣ
֣һյаͦõġҲҹ,Ҹһ𡣡
֣֪۫һЩµ,СӸռȥûվСӹܼңܵСټױ˵ܸɵģһ,Ͱȥļױˡ
֣˽ûüױаɣ
ûСҵðǮhġ֣˼ĺ,ɩ,ǰҡ
ǵþͺá֣˷,Сӵ,ҪǮƲ,͸˵׬ǮŮ˼,ǲ̰еĶǲۼҵɣ۵ĶԼŮģܲ׵ľˡ
֪ġ
֣ʣǸﻹԣ
ͦԣġ֣ҲȫȻ£޵Ů˿ڣ֣ӵˣĵĺܡ֣ϵ˵ڹЩӣүǰѸһܶฮĹ¶ȥˣ׷زӡ
֣ҲһЩ˵﹫Ϸ˵İʮ٣۫Ʋδȥ֣ʣ۫ûΪɣ
ûС˼ڷү˷Ը˭׼С֣̾ϢǸУҿ˵۶Ժ˵Ҫܿġ
֣Цǰ𷨹
֣Ϻƶɩӣʲôʱпգһȥ㣬Щûȥˡ
а
ɩԼһС
֣ϻżҹͦã֣Ҳͷˡ
֣׼żҡ֣ʹ㡣
֣ס㣬ⲻаôûؼҵĳʹû
֣Ҳ˵ðҾˡ֪ܵ𱬣֣ϵĵܵܵܡ
֣ΣҶˣѵȥܣ
֣ЦеأĶܵļ米ûˡ
֣ѵڵ۶ô
Ҳǡ֣ϵǾͶңջڼЪһЪɡ
֣粻ǵİ嶯֣꣬ί֣һֱĬĬģʲôûǲΪ֣ϳͷֻǵƣĬȳָȡ
֣Ŵϳһ·ĬĬʹ㵽۫
۫۫Ӷûظ֣ϱܵܵԼԺ֣ס۫򸾵Ժ䣬һԺлľҲŽï޼ڵģ
֣һƫͣܵˣܵܵǽͨĴܣ飬鷿ҲʱĹ뷿
֣绷ܣ㻹ϲ顣
Ȼˡ֣Ůȥݲ裬
ŮЦ⻹ūóүԵĺòˣͬүҲú˵˵
ã
֣㻹ӣʲôġ
֣õܵ˵ǰлµ¶ҡ
裬ʹСѾȥˡ֣ȿڲ裬Ǵ֪ͷô
֣ϵԲ۾֣㲻֪
룬˵ļ
֣㣬Ǵ㻹
֣ϲЦЦܣŮǲͬġۼԺգҲȥ֮µġһҲǿϵ£һ˳ƣһ߳Ƶһ߳ƵĹ˭һֶɵġ˿ŵõĶ࣬ʵûС
һֱҪԼһ
֣ܵܿĻãܶһͬ÷֣糢ţһǴĿζ֪Ļڡ
Եһʱ۫ӻظһ֣ϯ棬֣ϣβȥѰң֪ܹһġ
ֲˣǽ˵Щ˽һǡȥȥ˵֣ϴ۫ӣȥ㸸˵ˣЩó˻ңȥõĿ㡣
֣Ҳü۫ӣ򲻱ؼ֣˵һġ
۫ЦҾͲˡ֪Сӿ˳ۣЦȥˡ
ͣͣùǱ֣Ϻ֣۫Ǳ˸˵仰ؼȥˡ
۫Ѱ֣򱱹һΪ˵ɱȨ£һδᡣ
ҡͷ֣ɱӪ֣꣬򱱱ǲᣬٹҲҪΪ뷨ӵġ
۫غһ֪˵ʵ


209 ֮ʮ



ĵڶ 
֣ϻ,սɫһƽ
֣̫֣ʺûʲôĵˡ
ٟRκ»ٟRʦһ˵üģ,,ʦʲôҰæô
ĶȥˡֲԾüǹӼεŷ,ͬ밲
ٟRʮ⣬ŷֻ·ϴҴһ,ͬ,ʲôģ
һְƫ,ŮΪӡ
ٟRΪ,ԸҲ٣£Ҳ롣
Ƽƻˡ
ŷ۶Ҫʮ鼮,Ԩҿ̰壬밲أ
ŷӼĹ¶ǵⶨģǴŸ,ͬ˵밲,֪׵ʵ֪ٟRҲó͢٣˵Ӽ񲿹Ͻ,Ҫ˭밲ιܵסҴΪһʵµ˼
ٟRŷƵĿû,ŵǸ֪жˡ
ٟRһ˵,ͼʦ˵üٟR̲ס,ʦǲǲϲŷƣ
ü,ôô
ٟRͷ,дˡ
ȫ,ҡͷҲ֪Ϊʲô˵ŷƻͬƣɴʶͲϲ
ٟRһܶӣͶԵɡģһʦͺϲ·ϼŷˣ;źѰ
ǣ¼ŷƣ
ٟRûʲô£˰ɡûգͦæġ
ʦͽ֪ٟ꣬RҪٟRˣɶææģŲܡҪٲҪջġ
ңٟR飬ͦдһ˵˵ɶġ
죬ŷҲѧ峵֮ˣѧֹӼӦӼһ¥
ҾͲбҸƼƶĹ¸áٟRҡͷҪǸˣ޷档
治ټŷӣٴʡ
˵ûյġ
²Ҫ뷨밲ȥˡ
ȥȥ¡д󳼶˵ϻ
ŷԵʡ鲻ϲŷӣȴϾ£ٟRƼһ¹²ûЧҲ֣Ƕ˵֮ŷӣ˶ܸĻؾɹءŷǲԸģֻǣӼ࣬Ҫ֧⣬ҪȥҴˡ
ٟRˣӦһֲŶѽٟRţȴҲӹߣֳɶʦѧϰ񣬶ңֳѯʲôģЩһֵƨƨߵġһ䣬һͰڳⲻǹ¸ùʡ
Ƥһ̧ٟR⻰ŷֲɵ֪ǵƼⶨ³̣ãȻѰ¡¸ͽºòã
һ⻰ٟRЦλŷƻЩ汾µġȥɡ˵á
ŷĴ⣬Źľ߲Ÿɣһ˹ѧӼĸơ
ѧķɣ˶õ
Ӽĸȴȫĳɹ
ŷ蹫֮ģû뵽ټ
ŷӼӼƼƣԷǷ֮ʷ̫Ϊ࣬ŷӳ̸һ󣬶ŷ޲ڡ
໹ãŷ㣬Rôأ
ٟR˵Ҷæ˳ȥͻĸҲҪȥԿ⣬Ķпգ
ΣֻЦˣ㣬֮ǰӦŵÿӼӣô
ٟRԲ˫˼飬ŷлҪӰɣ
Ц˵ŷ˵лҵľ㣬˵ܶݣӼлҡ
ٟRֱŷˢۣп¾ȻΪôƤˡ
Цⲻʲôûʷʦʱй̣ÿػʷʦƽռ˹˶ҵʱ
Ȼĸ˵ҪһˮƽĿд󳼣ٟRɲˣǱȽϰεƼƣŷƺƽ
ǣٟRնľֳܾʣûУԺ󶼲ܹӼˣ
û
գɱ˻ߵϢɵĸ󣬾֣ɱֻǳ󳼷ԡ˻أڶҳڲТ֮ء
Ķֻ࣬ܰ顣
ٟRƽʱסٹЩµȻ֣ԼҲٹǣóΪТ
ٟRˬ죬мƲƲ죬˾Щ
֣ɫТ֮ɱפĸϾТʮֲТڣұҪΪΪĸúõТ꣡
˾ˣТҪҲһҪغùذһƽϷϹȪ֪οѡٟR̾
ɵףR⻰
ٟRĵ⣬Ȼ
֣һ񣬡˵ǡΣѣΪݴǡκʱֻҪ٣һټ
ɵǰ֣磬Ÿжε֣ʵֱۣаΪʯޱĺȡ
ɵվţ֣ظֵܶ˵鷿¡
֣ǰԴ֣̾û뵽ۼˡ
֣ߣ׵µЩû֮ҡزˡ
ܡ֣ѣΪӣӦԾԲѱ
֣Ӣз𵭵ɭ⣬ĸʵǽ±̫ˣ


210 ֮ʮ



ĵڶһ 
ؼ,аݷõŷ򸾡
ͬŮܣŷĸǰŷү游ͬΪ,ұ㽻õġ
ŷ̫̫ò϶ׯ,±ʮϲ̲ס˶謵ֳ,ϴμ滹ǰѧʱһת,謶ôˡǴˡ
,⺢ӣŷ̫̫̾,붡̫̫,գ謱㵱껹Ҫ֡
̫̫Цļ,謲ңü۸̫̫
Ůλŷĸ,,ƽιŮ˭ҹŮ˲á
ŷ̫̫Цʵ,һؼҾСӣζ߶иŴĹŮźá
˼޷Ǿ˵ЩŮ֮¡
ŷ붡ҵȷƵԨԴ,ǵϱͬΪٵԵ,궡Ǵ,ŷ˻ûһʦ
ŷ۶ְ,ȻҪҰݷá
Ǳ˵ı;,Ȥˡ
ŷҵڱ߶,˵
ŷ˵ɷ޴źţܽԺ飬ɻСŰҲڹѧ飬㶼ڹѧν̣ѧ󶨷ǱȴǰҲȥһ
ǾҪˡѧԭһֻһѧѧɫ;۶εĹԱҲѧҪ󣬹ѧΪһΡ
ŷ˲Ըڼҵʣܷǰѧ
ҵĿΣҰһʹѧطǳϣʱ˵鶼ʹ
Դ˵۶ƵǹӼ࣬ŷ乫µķṦΰֻսֱżһι˵ãδк֮
ŷ˾棬£J
ڹѧ飬Դ֪Ϊŷġ򱱽ҵĹҪѧҲǵȿ˵ԭֱ֣ҹӽѧģ˵»˹أصÿԲܽűµӣδ֣ҹӵȵڶĴУùݳϹɼϸǽġ
ŷɺܶ£Ǽҿû֣ҵȨƣүүǵѧҲ޷ġ
ŷڱ߶ϵͷСŸΣҲŹ֣ҵ
֣Ժ˼ңߺţֻһ룬ǼҶϲ֣ұȵġ
ŷҲʣӦʦΪѡ൹⣬Цһ޷ûһӦ㣬Եʡ³̣˵˱ɹѧеƣҲ³
ȽƹӼ࣬Ӽ³̣Ҳв롣
ŷ˼ΪͬҿӼĹأƵϷϽֻǣǰƼܹչˣΪ䵭
ºǶڣŷ˱δ˵
ŷڸš
˶ҷ粻ҲΪ֡
ŷ̫̫ϲ謣жӶ࣬о˹δȢɷ̸֮ʱŷ˺ΣʦŮȻֻǰڹиǲס
ŷ̫̫ҲֻǼŮһ졣
ڶգκ˵ŷҺѧ¡ϱٟRܾˣٟR˵ҪǰҵܵһǿֱӿԵġŷƼҵĹӲɡ
⻰Цˣֻϸϳ·
Ȼˡʦֲˣҵʦ볯͢д󹦡ٟR˽Ҳ˽ĺܷҡͷŷΪӼƶˣôùѧΪӵȥӼźá
ŷƲˡ൹ٟRĪӰƼƣŷ޲źá
²ˡŷƳЩĿҹΪˣˡ
һЦʥˣŮзġѵˣȫˡ
ҲŲŷǿٟRϲʦʦˣʷʦ̰ĸľƵģҲ˾֮
ʵŷҲֻǽѰʦԽЩˣ׽ѧ顣ʶٟR۴󳼣Ҳϰˡ
չô˵ʷʦʷʦֵ˵ƫġ
ҵҲô˵ٟRһʮֱ̹ʵġ
ӱЦ¾ֱ̫ˡ
ٟRΪ⡣
ҲʱٟR󳼣ǳ񲻴ϰߡЩһһĸ߹٣ⶼҪĳһ岮ڱۡͺƣڹﶼֻѰͨ˶ӡ
δɣŷҲ׼
Կڶ棬ôñ½ڣȻ·ǶȻ߲ͨġ
ŷȻ֣ңһûôӡ
չܳ¹ӵĶˡ
ˬ죬ȡ˳¹ӵɮһϣģ¶ʮա
ٟRѾչĶ׼ˣչ٣Ҳûʲô£չﶨ׺󻹻ٟR
ֻǣ¶¡
нɱ˷˲ӣɵڳӦ֮иɱĲݣﱸ
֣򱱶飬ɱֽ˷֮¡ȴͬ⣬˵˻С£ТȴغУСݴڲТ֮ء
ר˾񲿣ТТĻ˵㣬ʱ˱ǰ
̲Ĵ󽫾ֱ²ȥɱ˷ˡ鶼ҪЦˣֲãȥѵսǸǾֵģ
ٹֱӳһࡣ
࿴ٿǸ࣬Щż
ɵһ֣߶һֱδ佫֣㿴սΣ
֣ϿǴ˻ɱ˻Ҫã㣬˻١֣ҪѰƵġ
ܸɴ࣬ɱ֪֮֮٣Ҷԡ
׽һۣɱ֮£
ɵ۱֣磬Ҫδã
֣ս˲Ϣ䣬˳˵ҲҪڲڲǿҲǳñ⡣
ɵĸף֣̫ʣ˵أ
ԥ룬˵ɱפʮ򣬽԰սз˻ɧţʱڴ޷ֵɱ˲ǿɡ
֣̫ʣ㿴˭˵е
ţиҵɡ
ٟRѧ˵ڸ뼸λ£͵͵ű߶͵һչＸȰֻԶԶģٟRһۣͬ͵͵Ķ¡
֣̫ױ֮ϣ翴ˣ͵͵ʲôأ
ҷѧˡҳôףûýٟRģĹȥæʹ֣̫б·λá
ٟRº֣̫ʼΪһԲ
ڱ̸ֻֽ顣
£佫תְǶ̸ֽֽҲ̸һ̸
һ񣬡ս²ʧת֣򱱴ТǶ֪ġս½ηΪТΪңТȫǴҴТ
Ȼɵ۵¶飬򱱽̱ϣɱս¡
ͬ⣬ٷ¶ѣ˱򱱽Т֮飿Ժбڸ򱱽̰ĽȨʧТ
̵֣ĸ֮ɥս֮ġѰ˲żüãһܳƽɱ˿ܣС¶
̸̲ϣ󽫾Ҳǵɱƽѷ˻
󽫾ûȥһҧ̲飬ƿڴ֪ţֻҪ֮ˣҲʱ˺͵ĵҾڵ۶δɱɱһŲ֪˵ʧοҴδɱ֪֪кγкβ㣬ǵɱ֪ġ˺ʧʧȥ͸ұʤ̸ֽ̣ģû̸û̸׵ģ
Ҳܾó󽫾ͷ졣Ȼһʱʱǻһ
󽫾ӢºۿڲʵڲЩĹٶ֣Ĳᡣ
ٟRʱЩˡͷʲôôС»óô
ٟRվָָԶˣţ򱱽󽫾˭ʤĻ󣿡
˶ٟRйССĦǼС֮¡ֻǣ˶ԸشٟRĻٟRһ̣Ӵǲ֪˳ɫá
ٟRһתѧĸӵţ飬Ǳ飬˵˵
ȽʶȤ֣ɱ࣬Ȼ֣򱱸ʺɱս¡
ٟRվ£߾̫ƽ˭˹ţø˼а˼ʱ䡣Ҫˣʿ͸ɱн˷ˣǽʿְ𣡱Т˵£̫.ʵڶǣ̫.ʵѵТҪʱս²ܣûнգ
ǶҶ࣬Եǳ֣սûɽ˭ʾ˭ٟRɨԶˣԽԽ鳼
ٟR֣ϣģ򱱽ƴǣɱǳ͢ڱϣǶʮĽʿҲ֣򱱵ȥһգһս˻һһˡһТֳٲǰǵˣεģ
ҪˡٟRתͷĸ˵ĸʣ֪νĴ¡ö˾𸴣˭Ҫͬ⣬˭һȥɱ˷ˣ
ֱӷˣ޿̣ͷ⣬£Ů죬ֳ񣡡
󽫾⽣ӰһԴˣ̫ҲŮ졣
ɫһף֣̫ɲѾɨ˹亹乣ɵ۳Խˣȥ
Ұ˳ȥ
Ž½שᣬ˵
ɵɫ糣ͬĸ飬RǺӻȴϳɳأ޿𸴡ɱս£ˣҲġ
֣̫ףʵ⻰ǡ
ɵۿ֣磬Ըο磬¼Ȩ֪һƬТģ뵱˾ʱǣҵľǳаΣĸ˼ңͨĳΪ͢Ѷ飬ΪޡˣΪɱ̫ƽƣ𸴰ɣ
֣һƬж£ּ
ٟRڱ߶ϲһ䣬˾ˣ㵽ɱһ㣬ɱǶˣǾҪɱǶˡǶٲҪֻܶ಻٣
⻰֣µķԸסˣ


211 ֮ʮ



ĵڶһһ 
֣֮¼,ȥɱˡ
ɵ֣ţ鱻,ɢˡ
չＸ˼״,й񣬻ԼԺš
ʳ,ٟRѾˡ
ǣ֣֮,Ҳ,ֻڷϽ֭,Ե˫չĹ,Ĳˡ
Թһ뷹˾Ǹһ롣
ٟRͲˡ
ֳ,˾ˣʲôʱ̣
֣ս,ԽԽáؼұ,ƥУһɱ
ͷһ·Ϳ,ɱս£ûԵĿ,ﻹЩҩ,˾ȥ,ò,õ,Ҳ⴦ˡ
ƽӹ,ĵص˵ϻ
֣֣л
ٟRûҩͣ˾ֻܷȥġˣ˾ҪҪ|簢һȥ
ɵ΢
в˵ĶЩ
ֱӿ£ĵǺ⣿֣̽򱱣տͦά֣򱱵İ
֣սҲݲˡսƽϢǵɱһ޷
ҲٟRͷ˾̣ɱƽˣʱҲȥơ
龪̫߶ջأǺ⣡
Ҳͣꡣ
ɵЦ⣬ⶼ˵Ķȥˡ
֪˵ɱɺˣطر󣬶ر䣬ѩһ¾ߺ񡣳ŶҪŹĲˡٟR֣˵˾ˣʱɵдҡ
֣ЦддֻҪͱʵȥһ׼úд¡
ͷİɡѾĸ˵ˣ껹Ҫȥơ
֣̫ʽҪ߸鰡
ôġٟRЦأյã۷Ҷࡢ飬ĪнǶˣ٣ҲǾˡ˽³ĸ¾䣬¶ǰľ
̹ٟRֱʡķλ飬ֶٟR̸չ˹룬δƽٟRȻƽ׽˵ܳ΢΢Ƿޣ˽Գ֮𡣡
ٟRѾԵĲ࣬ɻкˣϧ˵ϧҪæ񣬲ʺơپƾǷţ˾˿ףʱѸصĺþóÿ˺ʮ룡
֣̫˫Цڶʲô飿
ڶʷٟR̫.ʵ۴ʤ̾ףġ
Цޣͨˡ
һɡҪ˲ƽӹʶʥٟ͡RǫƤ˵Ҫ˲ƽӹȷ˾ƽӹ㲻ˡ
ɵ۾յΪʥ͸һ
ЦŹؾơ
ٟRȤ˵һͷõĻȤ
Ҫ֣𸴣ѹС˲١
ͷɢȥ󽫾ˣҲͷм󽫾ǰǺˣ˸ӣȻȥɱ֣ҵλӣ
տٶҲˣ󽫾ĥţôԵĹ
ɫһ֣𸴣ɱػ֣֣̫֮ɱɽӣ̸ף
鵣ǵǣССҲ¶飬²ٹѧҪˣ
һϵ̬ʣţ붡˵Ц
͢ǰδԵʷ̫繫µĽ⣬¡Сòһʴʰ
ʷ̫û˵
۳ɱս£ȻӦ֣𸴡󽫾һֱƽȥɱȲ֣򱱺ʡ
ʷ̫Ҫ˽¸̸̫һ̸µ⡣
٫h˾һ÷ڵ¶һЩٟRԣ٣㣬ִ࣬˲ѡ
ӱޣûܽȥµĻ
٫hҲĿ¶ľٟRþϵˡ
չŮΪʢҲĸн˵ǵµķɣɣܳΪŮӵİܸıʱŮӵ
ҲΨɣĸԸ׷棡JG
Щ󲻶ʣǰҲô
黹бģӱ´СҲСʱͳ̫ӣұȹü꣬ʱϵһ㶼١
٫hҲ˵ǰҲֺֿá
չ￴в⣬ȿ˵ĴˣôͷЩסƩҵȶٻ֮ңԺҲؼٻ֮ҡŮ죬ѵԺڼТ˹ãŮ߶ô
ȻǵġѾչ˼
չﴽһЩ˲øĻǴҪͬѼҵŮѵǻ᲻֪ҲȷжһŵŮӣ۵ŮӣûдҴԸƸϱϱġ
٫hһҲ˲óԣȷʡԼǲֶһŵŮӡ
չΣhסڹͷνı޷Ȩ»бȻʼиȨô
٫h˼һû
h鴿ƣˡչ٫hϵܺã٫hңֶ̫ŮߡhѹˣƽҲᣬǳǫá
謵ǵĳδԹ顣
ӱΪ⣬ƾʲôԹ飬͢ǻʼҵģ͢±ǻʼ£кβʲ˵أѵǲԼҵ£
ҲǶ鼫ģȻһ˽¡
չЦ鲻飬ⶼǺŪ˵Ĺ˽£ʲôҲǼҡǱµŮǴµãŮòܹʼ£Ϊʲô¹Ӧ¡һˣٹ裬ʵ


212 ֮ʮ



ĵڶһ 
Ϊ¹,Ӧ¡
չĻ
룬£ΪŮӱ,ҲǱô
뵽ս˶Թ̬,ûм̸⡣ΪȻʶŮӲԶȨ,Ǳؽǡ
ſӵ΢΢Ǳؽһ
εš
Ҫȥ붡ֱ,үҪȥôʳ
Ȼ
鴺,ү롣
ü,⣿
ǰ,ڶʵʦָ,ΪӣԶʤӸλø֮ŶʦԹʵշ֪ʦȫȻġ
̿,滳ʱӲƼʯģ
,̫Զʦ̵ˡĲΣʦΣ
಻,
ɷ
ЦҸǰС,ҹҲ۵ɵģ
Щ,ʵ,Ϊεǹٹ,Ǵ£֡
ҡͷ,ٹ֮,̫⳼֪ҵȶŲ
΢΢̾Ϣ
ˣ˽Ҳ
һһᣬҲɻ
γءαİοһ¶ʦġƳһۣ֮תߡ
׷ڶϣҸʦĸ˵ˣϹȥԷ
ˡӴ
û£Ҹʦĸԡ
㡣ЦŰѵߡ
ʦͽ˽ԷǾ̰֮ˣǵһս̵ʳӡʳѧɣڳۼߡ
ףǲġ
ߣҺʣҪġ
ҪǣҪоϡ
ǣ٣нռ䡣
֣ظȥټ֣׼տϸɱ
ֵܶ˵鷿˵֣罫ǰ֮´˵ˣԭ룬»ҪٵЩӡ
˵˶˵Щ
ϲǡ֣еģҲ˵˭ָʹ˹ĸԭ𸴣ٶһ١οسˣҪѧģѱ¶
֣˵ż¶ЩͬТ˼
֣Ҳпǽ˹Ĺ⡣
ۼҲͶ
ֳ֣׵۹⣬
֣ס
ڶһ磬֣ɱȥˡ
ٟRûԼ˼£ӶѧϷˣԼ׼μչĶ
ٟRҪԲμӣŮȻҲҪһ֡շ˼λܸɵı̫̫æصýŮĶ档
г¼ң¹ӵ۶Ϊ޶֮£ԭֶӽ׸УͰһҵĲˡ
ҪμӶ񣬰ѳܼģֶ½ģ̫ˣ
¹λͬԼ֣֣|нֵһ𣬵ʱһͶ񣬳ԾʱҲҪ𵲾ƣѳ¹ӹ
շ˵ٹ밲ʱҲŮ˼٣ǰӹŮظ׼ˡ
֣̫ˬˣһݶչ
Ϊ׺ҪչδʰǹٟR٫hˣֻŮظ
ֻԿա
¸ҪټŮ׼һˡֱӽйˣ˵ЩһӦ׼治
¾ͲˡٟRСüëԭһǸϸˣҪҲֲܰмŮأһ𣿰һܶףһһ֪ģ̫Ӱˡ
һ٣ؼػ
ֱBģԭһϱţ͹źġ
ѵҪţ
Ҳ޷۶ܽйϸ¹յģŮͷһݡ
ǣ촦֮£ϻؼһøӴŮ׼õڶȥ
չĸ˵£Ц
շҲЦǼǹġ
ѵ¶ϡ
շųŮĵݣѹΪô
Ȼˡĸףһôãֻӱ˴ΪŮǲ̫ô


213 ֮ʮ



ĵڶһ 
շ˺볤Ůһбĵ,ųŮĵ˫Ȼȥ
ֻо񷨣ȷҲ̫Ȥˡ
չĶַǳ,ٟRһͻķɴ,ԼСڣŽӱȥո
ո˷Ը,չ½٣ϱ·ں,Ǽ,ܻظšżдС˿ڳӭ,ٟR³ͿոſһƬˡŹ˵³,һ࣬һչ,գ֪ԸųôظˣҲ˵һдӼô
չվĸ,Ц,µһҼңǲǹųʵǼ˵Ҫ,κüˡ
ٟRǳ͢ʯ,𾴵ĳ,ԺĪˡ
Ц,ˡܴ½,ϲ,ܰסڸеȺء
,ٟRշ˸졣շΪһʮ嶼ȥٹ밲ٟR˭䣬շ˵ɼ˷ϲ¾ˬ඼Ȥ
˵䣬ҴӵٟRŽ
ϼӵܶ뿴ĺεݣ٣Ҳߣֱӵм䣬վΧӵżµͷ
֪٣ֻ棬ҲǴţʮˡ
ֱӵչԺӣٟR͸չлеĸ֣̫ĸʹٟͣRһˡ
չлͣٟRͺܴ󷽵Ķ޵Ǹææȥ˵ջѣ໹ҪŮݡ㰢վˡ
ǳȱ£ֻܷԸǡ
ȥɡ
򸾶ȥٟRɪһչֻһǾޱ޷һЦ
չ_кοЦģ
Ϊ˰ٟRչ֣˵ʱҪżҳΪһûġ
¿ɼɣҲֵˡ
һĺܡٟRĸչ˵˵¹˰˸Ϊơ
չЦҼҶĹ٣岮ҲĹ٣ҶˣƵġ
ӱԭѵõĴϲ£Ȼöȼˡ
٫hۺϲõչչ￴ĶЩˡ
ӱ⼸նڼʲôģ
Ҳûʲôĸ׸ҽһʱĹأĸЩ׼
ٟR棬⻹ʲôزɣ
ӱͬ棬ɪŽ㣬ǲʲô˵ĹɶģչΣûʲôģҪǳǵ£ֻҪ뷿ˡ
ٟRʡ
Ȼչ￴ӱˣûףҲ˼ҽ㶨ǲǣ룬ǲ
ǡ٫h룬˵Ҹȥμþ˾˼ұĶʱšȻݽű㣬зãŮзｻзű÷ͷһԾƣҲŮ
游ΣҲĸײμӹ񡣴̾ˡ
ٟR˵Ǿ㰢ţҲ֡
һʱ֣˶ˡƽǾĹ㣬չĺӣȻҪһ
չӿȴҲˡ
¼ҲĲԭǳ¼ӹ۶¹ֶ¹벻ıˣѲĳүӲϣϷ˸ɷĺ£ǵ֣Դ
Ϸӹǽʵɴ˵۶
ֶϱޣ˳棬Եø֣ء
ϷŹ¶μϱĶ񣬸Լˡ
ٟRȻ棬ֻǳϷ׼̫̫ûϱȵøٟRٟRһ̧֣й˷ס˳ϷˡٟR˼겻ˣ˵ֳ¹밢յĶһ·˳죿
ϷҵĲˣæصµĻͦá
ǾͺáٟRģĶϷ˼䣬ҸСһͬҵĽһ¹Ҽˣ֪ʶˣɼҼҷǺõġõ˼ңĪ۰ϱ˼ˡ
ٟR˵һ䣬ϷӦһ䡣
ٟR˵꣬Ϸףϱ빫¹ȻѰ顣˼ⱲҲԼļʶΪϱˣɫٟR֤ҲŮŮģǣϱ
ȻǸ˼ҡٟRţֵ¹ŲҲ
ϷǰϱôˣչٟR߶߶߶ĶʱͺܸжˡٟR߶߶꣬շ˶ţǳŮ빫֣ŮҲ塣
ٟR˵ʢװˣС֣̫ϥ£жĸӰ죬ôƵģͰ˼ݳȥˡϷ˽ź챦ʯĽչͷϣռҽ׼õĸүĶҲ¼ңⶨˡ
ͷųŮһ׾ѣʱȻûٳԾơڳ¹ǰ˰֣ûԼϲʧ̬
ٟRһֱηǣȻһšٟRһڹٿÿ͵ֻܼ֡Լյƣ񲻰ˡ
ҶЦ
ٟR˾ǵķµǳع
ع󣬰ȥֺ밲ʱĸһչĶ֣ȥЩ˵Ļ
ٟܵRǰޣٟR˵˵ֳ֣ͬԼ˰|ճˣҲһȥɡ
һ֣Ҿü붼ӻؾˣÿռ»æĶпոСһˣҲôˣ̰
ⲻǶ˾˶ɱȥôǲöչչ˰ôٟR˵
ûըΣ˵Ů׶ʹûУôȥչչˣ
ٟR˵ʹĶ治ģȻǸʰʲôʲôĸҪŶ˵Ĳʹãиʸһˡ
Ҫܻͺˣ
һܲһӣòʹռ
ҲȷûգȳæʮȫݡٟRֻԼȥˡ


214 ֮ʮ



ĵڶһ 
֣|ֵ֣,ٟRϲ
ңٟRƽ⣬˽
ƽæ,ҪҲһٟRԽ˵,ǶĲʹûģ͵ЪһЪ
Ц,ҵöлٳ
ٟRԼ˴¡밢Ҫ޵ģ޵,öദ,֣,ͻѽϡ
õҲܳɫ,֣Ҳһ
ٟRǰҲܿ,ǿ֣|֣ûɶٟRʣôû˯ô
Ҳ˵
֣Ц,ȥɱû,Щ춼˪ѹһ㡣
ٟR˵,˾ǵΣղûǡ
֣Σղôһô,뻹ܶ֡
ٟR˵,һر,˵˻óֱǡǿɼʲô,ñ,ûȥɱʱ
֣|,ӭ֦̱ʤϣཫ춼Ǵһδεյġϰ֮ˣһܵӣܾա
ǡֱ֣ͦСţֳ
֣˵ڹѧˣμꡣɱսްǹȥ
磡ģģ
磬ҿɼ˰㰢磬ãǶ֤˵ˣμ꣬ȥɱģ
ֵ˵Χתģֱͽĵ˼㣡
ٟRҲͬ£ȷѧ̻ǵȥս¶ĵط
֣˵ǰôüģôû뵽һ磿
ֲ֪ܰǰ¡֣ܵĴߣͽ˵Ҫ֪ˡ
֣|곤ЩȽ֪ҪӣٟͬRҵߵر𼱣ɼս½šȥ¸鷳һֱû˵
û¶ȥʹ󷽷˵㿴һ˵Ͱ취ˡٟR˵Ȱϧڵ۶ʱ⣬Ժһʱɱڵ۶ʱ䷴١
֣ЦĶһˣ
϶˾ɱ̣Ժ˾˴򲻶ˣ|Ǿ͵ýšٟRֵǴԵģȫ͸|簢磡
ٟRͬɵ׳ǵöԲܳ׳ʵ׳ʵˣ书ãԺ˾ˣ
֣ٺЦ˵ԣ
֣|ѶЩΣ빫Сȴʶס
֣ٟRõߴߴ˵Խ˵ԽͶ׳Ҵ֣̾˵֪ѰҸǿǰã㣬ҼֱѰ֪ãǽݰɣ
ٟRͷ۷Źʣ˵֣նͷջֽΪã
Զԣ֣뵱¾ҪСȥҹֽ
ððͰ죡ðǵ֤
֣룬ҽ֤Ե֣ǱǱã˼ûѪԵĲŽݣʲôݣ
ٟR֣һۣҲǰ
֣˵Ҿţݸס
ٟRȻҲ롣
ûô롣
Цһء
֣֣|ָһӣ֣|˴ߣ
һ·˵Цׯ԰ЩʳԵıģһزѰһůĵطĶ
֣|֣ͲӱҲһ㣬ٟRȴǸ֣֣ƼҲãӮ֮䡣
֣䲻ӮҲһѶӮ֣ϵƣĬĬ㣬ٟR˵㣬㼰Ķĸ󶼱׵ˡĸ˵ˣʱٹ죬hһ
֣ҿɲܸhȣhǿ
ֲ־λߵٟ͡Rơ
֣˵Ҹ㵽һ룡
ٟRЦŽһڣˣ
֣⿴һٟRƣתͷ˵֣ܳôǳԾǺⶼҲ֪
֣Լưڸ翴㿴ƲʲôѾˣһܵô
Ҳܳţ
ֱ֣ۣȥɣ
ٟRСֶָӣ
Ҷ
̫Ҫ֣һЩ֣˵ƼɰһѶûӮɡ
ٟRЦ磬簢Ǯˡ
Ǵġ֣һߴǡ
ٟRһЦɲôɲô
֣ӣο֣䷿أû¶ġ
֣ʼŷˮУ϶Ƿˮ⡣ǻλ
ٟRû컵һ߶߶˵ԭƾʹĺã㻻Ķûõġ
Ҳ˵ҷˮģ
С
ٟRһλף磬ȥףԼҡ
ٟRһ۽󣬡治ѧģһܳƣƺܾĺòã
Цϼң͸ƻƵģҲ߯ûѶˡƷ֡
֣մһ£˭ƻ
ƢһЦԵĹֱ߶֣üһ䣬֣ٟRһ֣ҿɲð
ٟRбã
һƶԲϣٟRƵģƱ۾Ͳԣʳ
һλӣ֣˽ϼңƳԵĲֺӮ˺üѡ
־Ǹ֡
֣۹·˷ȫٟRӮ֣ⲻ١֣Цĸ仨ƵģÿӮǮһǷĵóϣĳֺˣ
Цļ۵ٟR̲סп磬ӮӾǸ㰡
֣Цǻ׬ǮȻ㡣
ٟR䲻ǿ߰磬Цˣ
֣Ц£⻹ܲЦô
˵һ游游ʱô˷˼ҰٟR˵
֣裬ֵĳһڣлޡ
ɲ㡣ٟR˵˵ö游ѧѧ
֣ƳװģӣٟͬR£֪ҸƼ游̵ְֽġ
ٟRĿ֣⣬֣ԲΪ񣬡
ٟṞۡ
ºٟRӱ̾ɵʱǸϹӣҲ뿴
ĽӱһЦ


215 ֮ʮ



ĵڶһ 
ٟRĿƼ,´ƱҪɱ仨ˮģ
ȻٟR·Ը
ع֣̫󣬡ĸ,ʲô֮û
֣̫Ц,ôв֮أ
϶СٟRĸֱĸ,㴫Ұɡ
֣̫ʣˣ
š
ˣ
šٟR̲סĸ˵еС,ûǵ,°̵ô,޲ܰԴȥ
ٟR˵߿ŵѧ֣ɪ,һ֣ʺ󶼱Цƽ󳤹ᣬЦŮ,û氢RӮ
ӱҲ죬ĸӮҸҲˣ
֣̫,Ļô󡣡
֣ʺ,СٟR˶٣
ٟRҡ硢,Ӷ䰢ˡһǷġǷ,һ,ٰʮΪ밢Ҫ޵,,ծ,һˡ
֣̫,Ӵ»ؼüŻծծǲǷġ
»صðӮٟRģʵĸĸûе游洫
֣ʺ󸧶СͲϲơ
ͦ˼İٟRϲϷ
ٟRһҪĸѲؼ֣̫ѵͷʦƵģԼһ֣ϾЩ
ôӮ˰磿
֣̫治˵ƼҲ̵ֳġ
ƽ󳤹뵽£֣̫ЦҼǵð֣СʱҲһпվŴƣǶ
֣̫Ҹ׾öĺüΡ
ȻĸƱϹǲЩİ
ٟRѰһ֡
ȻĸﲻɣٟR
ûˣʦʵġ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣֣ţҵ֪һ
˭ٟRԲ۾ϴ
һָԼԶߣǰ
ٟR𾪲ѣʦ㻹Ƶ֣
ҳƸ֡ӮӦû⡣
ٟRʱҪһԣЦ⼱ʲôܲˡⶼˣµЪҲһʱĿΡȵһʱΣ
ôˣ
ٟRҲҪʦƼǳ
һԣʦ治Կ䡣
ǣģٟRҪʦһơʦر˽Ĵ༼ɣƩôɫӣҡɫӡôƣԼһЩ·
ͷоһЩַɫˮ֮ࡣ
ʦױ죬ٟRΪ̾ϣʦҲ״Ԫˮ׼ˡ
Ц⻰¶˶ҵƴ
ô°УĲȻáҲΨж󡣡ٟR棬ʦô״Ԫƽʱ϶ùĶʱѧư
ĸͨƼ
ٟRԾˡ
Ц游ʱ⣬˼ö࣬Ҳ֪Ķѧġմ˸֣Ҳܵ߰˰ˡ
ĸ׻ƣ
ĸ׳˵ЩϷɣ֪ЩûֻǲҪȥľˣҲرӰܵ˲Żᱻơ
ٟRϰƼ֣ļˡ
֣뽪Ѷƽ󳤹Ȼֵ
֣һ˶Тý֣ļҲ棬֣һֵöˡ֣ƽĺõѣҲ
ڳй󸾣ֶ̫ŮʺֶŮļ񣬴ֻĹϴȤʸ񡣹ʶģˡ
֣ڼŮ˵һʱû˵곤Ůϵ֣ϵЦûϹ֣ԼҲܸˣȡĸ׿ǻĸ˾Ƶģϵϣһݡ
֣չȥһ𿴣ʱʯǶĸ»Σʯﶼԡ
֣ƫΣء
ٟR
ٟRֵ֣»ʳӵʮʮϵ֮֮꣬ͯꡣ˵ʮ弴
ʮԭǴ
οɵּ곤۶ٻ֮Ů֮ϣ֮£˶㣬ݺǣ֮ߣ٭֮УƷѡ£淡
˼ǣҪʳѡˣ
ʥһ£ٷ۶֮Ů֪ٴڻʳӺıһϯ֮ء


216 ֮ʮ



ĵڶһ 
ʳѡʥּһ,۶Ȩ֮ҵĿ⣬Ϥ۵ʳһϡ
ٟRӰ죬˵ֳҪȢɩɩ,Ȼġ⵽ֳȥֳ,Ƿѡ
Ȼֳֻϴǳˡ˵,ƽ﹦βʹæ˵,ܱĸ˽飿Դʲô
һǺ⡣ٟR,ֲľͷ,ѵûϲҪϲ,ȥ߻ĸĸ󣬴ѡʱ,ѡԼϲô
˵ǹ֮£иƫ˽ֻϣλ²ż汸Ů,ԺТĸʡĸĸ,ܹ㣬ΪҸʡ
û˵ʲôһٟR²ۣ޵޲ŵ,Ҳѡģ
ǾˡֻҪƷкãʲദ,Ȼٰܾü,ྴ
ٟR,綼ɷʥˡ
ٟR,˶Լƫ,,ûƫã
ҵ¹Ϊ±ʡƫþǵгڵŮӡ
ٟR޻˵ˣҲûԾͻԼȥˡ
սţС˸ͨ籨ţ£˽ˡ
ٟR֣Ҳ밲ӣʲôҰ謻ǰӱ㣿
С˵λѾȥˡ
ٟRֱȥ
Ȼƽ󳤹Ķϱڣ謽ӱһš
ٟRһٟR֣ôˣô
謽ӱ¶ɬλЦһ̫밲Ҳ¸١
ʲô٣ٟRġ
˵·ּ̫⣬۶Ʒ֮ҵŮҪμӳ͢ѡ㡣ӱҲ֮УڼѧЩأԱѡ֮á
Ҳ˼
ٟRգ۾ĿƵׯĶԼˬĽӱϣ˵ӱͰ謲ҵİô
İѡ
룬һ飬񰢽ТҲҪﱸ£ͲһסˡȹٟRʾ£ǾȻؼѧϰѡĹذɡҸʹ֣ϲ²ż汸ġ
謶ʱߵĲУһ󷽵ĽӱҲЩϷաλ޵ֹڣйŷ硣
֣̫Цºͣȷû˵á
ٟR󾪣ǵһμĸˡ
ǻѡĹؼʱ̣ٟRҲæСԴͬĸĻȻżΪҪʣҲñʵʲô鱾
λŮ٣ٟRȻҪ׼ǰ˽ٟͬRһءٟRЩԹҲǰҴк
ɬҲ֪Ҫѡ
ӱҲ˵ǰ˭ϵõһһģ
ˡҲ¡ٟR˵ҹƻҲӦѡ֮УЩ칬ˡ
ѡȻǴ£οΨһλӡҲмƽϣ˵˼仰ǹٟRĸ׻ؼȥˡ
ٟRĸһһ롣
չǶ׵ģδǣӦѡ֮С٫hŮȻҲμѡ㡣
ٟRֵֹֹĸо
ҡɫӵȤСࡣ
չƿɫӣôˣ
ٟRЩҪһһͺˡ
չЦȴ´֮ѵͲиһˣ
ô˵ٟRҶסһ𡣡
٫hԺҲٸסһ˰
ٟRʮʱҿȥסһס
٫hݸ⵹ҲСҲҵǱȥ
չʵڲϵòã
չͷðɡǾ˵ˡԺסһ𣡡
ٟRʣǰҳ¹ô죿
ʱ¾ͻؼҿƽ¾͸ڹ
ٟR쿪СһӣʱҶཨ棬һסһס¾ͽǹҲԴǸš
٫hչﶼ˵ãٟR¸
չߴ٣츶ǮϾˡ
ٟRϸһƣȻԼĵûаյĴİ˶ģ㻹Ӯӡ
һһ롣ӮʱҲû᲻ӾͲġ
ٟRӣ˫ѣϰҴˣ
ٟR㣬ѡĵ治١
ּ䷢ھ˶Ÿָͷ밲ٹǹֺǷÿͲϡ
˴ѡ㣬֣ϵ֧ŮѾָ飬֣Ůңô֮λҲһ֮ˣ
˼Ҷô룡
Ȼ֮λֻһҲƷ֮λ
ٟR֮λǣ֪֮λǱ룬ص̫µ顣ԭλǻʳӵһλɣ
ǣȥֺ밲߶߶ֶŮ
߶Ĵٟ֮࣬Rü⡣
Σ֮£ȻǳΪԼѡĵ
֪ţ޿ģչ˵ʱǺβչһء
ٟRͱȽ͸ƾ칫ǲĸľĸǰæһĸ⻰Ҳ˲þٟR̲ס˵ĸ󷽣ΪչֶŮ׶һȥ
òҪðۼҽɽһչ˸ȥ
˵˵ЦŮΪˣŪ˵ģ
ңҲƷҡ˼ǰѡ淵Ҫֱˡ˵ȥö˲
ⲻ˽ôΪ
಻ܴӦġɫѡѡ͵£Ӧǹ֮£˽鶨᣿ĸΪʺ󹬣ǿвףˡԼ񷨶ȣ£
ԶӵĹֱĿ࣬ң
ٟRûЦֳĴָ
ֳĹֱִĸһ˽˽


217 ֮ʮ



ĵڶһ 
԰߿󷨾ȻʧЧ
۾͸Ĳź˵,⻹ҵĶô
һôŰɡˣĸЪϢõݸɫ,һǡ
ΪеһαӾܾ𾪹,ֱߵſڲŷӦ,У˵˵
Ժ˵ɡҶ,ҵûȥˡ
ٟR,ֱˡ
,ȵЩҲſ첽ˡ
Ķ,Ҳ޷ӡ
ֺٟRЦ
Ҳ̿
տЩ޷,ѡĴ£֣ѡ󷽷ѡ,ѡδѡֱڶ
ǻѡʲô
,ֱꡣ
ٟRҪĸһյΪռ̨ȫѪԵƫ˽ʱ˻෴С
ٹţѡ㱾,ٟRʵȤҲ˭ԼĻɩ,û˭˼
˭,ǹ
ٟRĥѡ,ѡ,ֱӸĸ˵ġ
ƽŮ֣̫֪,Ҽǵѧ
ǰʮ,òμѡ㡣ٟR˵
ֻ֣̫һô߻ȱɡ
ӱ˵ͻؼҴոѡϣѡٻٟR謽ʮˣҲû˵Ҫٻѡϣ϶ҲÿʼˡҾҰ油ϡ
֣̫ûֻٟRʲôӱĻ˵
֣̫ѡѡ㣬дһ˵ҲԸӱѡ󳤹˵ˡǲѡͲǴӦѡ
ٟR˵ҪǰӱӦѡǻѡġ
⻰֣ôͲѡˣ֣̫Цʡ
ѽӱֲЩ֪׵ˡڹ⼸꣬Ƕ֪ĵؿˬ죬ü꣬δʧ֮꣬Ϳ๦ߡǼƽĸŮǹϵٟR˵
֣̫оݵġ
ӱǰ˵̣Ϊǵġ
֣̫ڵ۶䲻ܴ̣һս£ǰ棬ҲҪкݱеĹӦսȤؾڳУҲûΪһҡ
ҲǡҪǰӱܳþڵ۶Ǿܼʮ궼һˡ
֣̫⺢ӻֻЦٟRѡһλɡ
ٟRĥѡǼõģӲʵÿҪһ⡣׺ܺˬӦѡ֮Сʷô
֣̫ͷ⺢Ӻأֲʷ̫̰塣
ȫʷ˽̵
֣̫Ц
ٟR˵ĸȱǽҵȸӱ˵һԵʣٰʷ
С
ٟRΪ˳ȥĴ󳤹󳤹˵󣬾Žӱһ󹾡ӱЩû񣬡ţĸҲ˵ˣҰѡ㡣
ôˣԸ޸һô
˵ʲôġӱٟRǰһ飬Ҳֳֻô֮¡
ҲٟRЩýʣӱ˵ʶģ㿴磬Ҳһʶġ
ӱЦҲǡ
ǰϲ˵ô׾ǽ֮áң׽ġοǻһʶǴСڹһסģĸĸ󣬴Ҷġ˵һ֣ƷòҲһһ֪֪ף϶ԵͬӶáٟRŽӱ֣˵仹еСӣ㿴Ҳꡣ
ӱĴЦ㻹ģ
ٟRЦ߶㣬ѽ۸Сˡ
ӱȥ죬Цһ󡣽ӱֻǾţ۶ض࣬ҪǼ޴ӣԺһӶҪڹˡСڼƽأϲʱʱܳԣӡJG
ĸ˵ҲڼƽأˣйкԵĶδ޵ĹңĹҲûϾˣġ
οһʶģ㲻۳ƷòҲϳˡ
ӱٟR˭ȱٟR˵ѡӱЦ
Ҳ̫壬ҽһǲҲ׵ġ
ôУܵԸ㰡
ӱһЦˣҲܳţһ˵˵
ڼҲûʲôغѧСĸ󣬹ؾͲڹסüֹ꣬ڹ
ӱٹʽƽʷЯλ˵
޹ӵٹĿͣƽʹǸѡ£кǻϲ֣ٽճİλӣ޹û뵽ûȼ̫ǰһͶ˶Ů
ҼҶæӦѡ£޹֧ûŮӣ֧мƽ˽ŮΣߵȥ̹̽ء£Ҳû׼ͷϾδҪΪѡĻ
ңҲæŻʳѡ֮¡
û뵽ûȥٹ밲̫ۼҺӡ
Ȼƽ¶ЩԵãŮ磬
ŮƵ׼һĸ˵ҸʷҲġ
ƽףְѣҲ档޹ǲģŹͣЩСǱ˴˼Ҳˡ
ѡ˵þǹԼѡġ
Щʷ̫ûؼŴ£ҲЩϲⶣŮҪ̹飬ԾȰ֮𣬲Ź
ʷЦ游ͷİɡãҲĶ࣬Ҳ飬һ黹ôء
ʷ̫ԼŮҪĹǰֻǰʴʣ˵ƣѽССͣеֵͷˡ
ʷ̫Ҫ˽¸̫һɣɲаϷҲҪʵ򲻿ɳ䡣
ʷ̫롣
ʷ̫׶һͨ
ŮһѮգѧüĲţ
ŮЩɴؼҴڸŮ˵ʷ̫ģͷûըˡƫƫӻкһ
ʷ̫ûǮ
޷д
ʷ̫һˣʷЦеͬŮ游ӣʱƾûӮ
Ů̾ϢҲ̫ˡ
ͷ
ɷӦ־ιƽºòã
ʲôԭɥ־֮£
Ͳģ
ңư
б¸ȶԶд°
£
йƵ£Ȼǲ̵ģ
ˣأ


218 ֮ʮһ



ĵڶһ 
ʷ̫ܱС״,ٟRﶼʷ̫и״ٟR״ûȥĲСưˡ
,аʷİ,ٟRӰʷ֪ʷ̫ҲûǡٟRͰʷ˽,ʷ˻ؼҽѵʷ̫
˵ʷ̫Ƶġ
ʷ̫ѧ峵ڲҲ,ƫ粻ӡ
ÿÿʰ,ơ
ʷ˶֪Ƹɶ,սǵصġ
ʷ̫ӵĿݲ,ʽʼѡǾ¡ѡŮּݾĵ,Ϣٽʽѡ̡
ԴŮһɾסˡ
ٟRһѧ,ͼֺĹڵ,˵˿ɿڵĵģ빫¹ȥƷ
ٟRʶ֪ĸΪĺ£,컷ҲŮӦѡ֮С
ٟR˵Ķͼһڵ,ȥĸǶ˵һ,ٹȥĸǱߡ
ٟRȴչＸ˻ٹϴ,Ų,Ѿ׼ԵĵˡٟRŵ˵,ĸ,ŮǲǶˣ
֣̫ȥͷļλﶼ죬һȥԵñĹˡ
֪˵ĲڼҲȫģĸҲǣĸʹµôһأٟRȿ򻨲裬ŷʹЩȥɡ
֣̫ЦȻˣ¸ȫˡ
ǻ˵ٟRе⡣
Թģһһֱֳٹ밲ʱһȥֺʡ
ֺĹ˵ٟRȵˡ
һֺһͨԹٟRôȥ㣬ⶼһʱˣô
ĸ䣬ŷŮ˵ȥٟR˵һ֪ΪɶġŮսҹȥãұ㹬Ƶġ˲ųڣ˼Ҳ˵ǿĸԵˡ
ôˣҵֻܣչ˲ֶŮ˵Żӵ˵۽ǣһ˸Թ԰ģ
ҲŸĸ˵ŮЩȥҶУұҲԵϡ
̾ŮСãⲻġݲǰҲȱԴֲ㣬֪Եġ
ٟRϰˣֳ˵㿴ĸ⻹Ұģ֪˵ĺҡ
Ц⣬ĸŮЩļٵǳȻҪ˵
֪Ҳ⣬οĸףĸģŮǱĸϡĸ״һʣ˵ұڣ˸赣ǣֻʽѡóˡ
ҵĶɱɵˡҸʺҲӦѡǱеġ
಻֪£һʱЩסѵѡ㻹飿
ٟR죬ѧĸ׵ĿǣĽзҵ㲻Сʱĳôǽʲôǰ밲ǲ밲ҲҪ
ָٟRЦһƤ˵ġ
Ůʵǿи֮ˣǶӿɿЦˣӵ£
Ϊʷ̫ͽ˾ӲġɫĸֻܷİɡĸĸòӲġÿҪҪѧϰвʹʷʦ˵֮£Ӳ֡
ûжһҭ
һһŮҲû˺С
һƴڻοһ˽ӦУ޷ֻ¹һ£ҪֶŮλӡ
ɵ⼸춼Ъ˷ǹֱƵľü
ѡգҲˡ
б֣̫֣ʺӴףס
ٟRҲѧˣȻ֣̫ȷʾѡ²ģٟRѡҲûʲô֪Ƽһ°ͣ޲ܹСС£ŲͲͣǣ˼٣Ŵһһѡ㡣
ٟRرʽĴԼβСΣĶ˶۾һŮ
չＸҲ˶վٟR
˴ѡҪѡƷϹ˼ĵ۶ŮҲܶࡣһʮλ
ʮ鰸ǰʮλǰ֣̫˽Ŀ£һ⣬ֱĬдһ£Ŀһʫһ⡣
ʱ
ٟRͿưҵٟR϶ʫòãϲʫˡҪǱ书϶ǰ֮С
Ҳ¶գǷʫģǷÿͶƷ֣׶
һ󣬵ڶһֱŮĿ
ٟRͿüŮɫףԼĲãûס
翼ԽŮعţݺĿԡ
翼ϵߡ
Ŀѣߣɰԡ
ĺɰ꣬ŮǱԻĵϢˡ
ٟRһԽĿɼڵĹﻹ١Ȼʫûд󳼱ȣҲƽ󣬶ͦ˳ڡ
ȻҲʫĻ߲ڵģٟRҲвʫߣⲢãû֡
֣̫һȣйñʼ¼
ٟRҪ׹㶼֣ʺؼ컹пϡ
ĸҪʲô
֣ʺЦӣ֪ˡ
ʵҲ֪ǰԺλʧܺͺƽˡûʣٴ䵽ŮʫĺɰϣֶŮʫ߶ܳ
򷢹ĵ˻ˮֶŮ׼տϡ
컷ڴϣþδߡ֪׹λѸҲδϮ˵ʱдѯɴСҲ̧ٲҡڼ˵µġ
ڹףȴ
Ī˵֮λ롭
̵Ĺ˾䣬컷ڱɵıֱ۽һᡣ
ڶ翼ϵ䡣
һɫ˳СΪŮƵģٟRƽʱõССɵĺܡ
СҲ˺üλŮ
һλʵСճֱɫף˹ȥ
⼸λȻǲɵġ
ѰŮɣҲްڹ˷£ܴŵȥɹǣСУһȦ
Ҳ綡謶ģ˵仹ԳɵġΪٟRÿγ̣Ҳˡֻϧֻһ˰С
ڹŮǳˡ
컷Ҳֻɡ
ڵǽӱ׹ˣ˶ڡ׼ͷõľǽӱаģεͷ
ӱʱĲӣϧСЩŲ硣
һУ֡
ЩҶϰٶһЩ
ĳУųΡ
֣̫ɵ飬ʵϥֻһӣ£ص֣ءЩҿˣѡ˰μ
ݸɵۡ
ɵ۽ɨŮţӱǶ֪Ҳǿ󣬺ܶµĹ׼ҵĹŮҲʱư޼ǵǹŮҲɴˬŮҲ볯͢йŮҲ̵ĺá
ɵʣĸ˼أ
Ȼǽ֮áҿӱλҲͦá֣̫٣Ƕ£ҲҪźá
Ҳ롣ʮҲǰˡ
ɵ۵ӱҿҲһֱӶڶ࣬ߣλ淵λӡһλ淣ӱˣһΪһΪ淡
֣̫ʣ˭˭淣
꣬мƽӣӱΪΪĸΣ
֣̫Цףʵ۵ġ
ɵЦĸ͡


219 ֮ʮ



ĵڶһ 
ʳӵһ,Ȼһȫ
һһӡ
˽Գţ䲼ʥּ,˼΢ĩС˽˵๦,ŮΪδΪɣġ
ѡ,׿
ȻߣȻ֮Ʒ̫䡣ӱ֮Ʒ߹ش,ĸƽ󳤹֮,ӱ֮λ,Ҳ顣
ҽӵʥּ
Ϊϲá
֮λ,ۼҲûʵǱɸҲ޷,ǲôЩĹҲûѡô
ѡҲйصĵطλ,Ŷ֮,жʳӵĲʹлʳΪºƣⲻֻ˵,ԼҲʳӣǴ,о֮硣
Ʒ淡
ݼѰ֮,Ҳþ˳졣
ҽʥּ,˶̫̫,Ҳϲ̫̫һ,ͺĵ
̫̫ŹŮ,ԭţѡĹۼ鹸ߵĺܶ࣬ѡСҵĶֵСеʿ˵и
ɬ˵Ҳû뵽
˵Ǻ¡ó¶ռˣһӳԾҲֺֺǡ
̫̫˵ĸףǵ׼謽˰ɣ
ؼÿļաҲ֪ǲλӣһ뵽ŮͷϻиҲȫǻϲ
⣬ΨЩźҪǽѰ˼ңίһܴȥ
ӣʲôƨС£֮˶Ͳ˵伪Ҹ˸ˣ
Դӽ˹ѧһõˣ˶Զвϸӣֲҷȥܣֻżϼ䣬ùֹ
ЦųһҾ⻰˵ˡѧҲ˵Ʒ˹ģѧʶѡ
謵⵹ǼٻǰٹҲ񡣡
̫̫Цۣ̫ʺҲ񷨵ġ
謲Ľ£ǵֻһʳӵĸֺ
ٹӧҲŹ칫ûĴԣѡ㣬ҲֶŮԭӧ¶ȣ֣δѡӦһλá
û뵽ﾹȻѡˡ
ӧԣҲ֪ڱǶǼܳġ
ң빫
޷ÿǸ¡
ʱظϲ
ƽ󳤹ңȻԸŮǽ档Ůܳһλ˵Һӽڣӡ
ӱԼҲ⣬Ȼٻزȥƽأ۶Ҳ죬ÿԳҲܹ񫡣
ƽ󳤹ţּҪȥл
˵ȥ֮ǰҲû뵽ҪΪѡû뵽ǰӱѡϣûðӱһ
ӱ˵游ҪѡȻѡˡ
Цǰ˵Լոô
֮ǰûӱѰ˵ݸ游ԣĸʺôãݣֲ˲ѡȻѡϣ
Ϸ޶˶Ц
ƽ󳤹Ůԣۼҵɡ
ǽڹҲ˳˴һͨϲ
ȻҪϲǴӡ
¶ȻҲϲɫھƣǶ
Ц°֮ãȻҪ
ֺؽ󣬡ֶһɾ֮ϲ
ǫʵû뵽һ񣬡Ժûõ¶ൣ
ﻰӱúܺá
СʶһڹﳤಢȫȻԼ£ӱǳŵͻݹ
鿪ʣ󷽣ԭǺܺѡ
Լãϲá
Ψһӣ£Ҳûиõˡ
۶˼ŻѡҲǷĶࡣ
֣ңּ¡
֣˶ͬɷ˵ҿӱǺҲǼõġ
֣Цǵ㿴źã衢￴Ÿáӵ׼һݼðⰢȥףһҲԴ
籸ˡ
֣Ȥȼ֮
֣ЦƷ裬Ҳǰӱ
֣˼
׼ѡģҲûΣѡۼŵ䲻ҲûԸһ޶ĵز
ƾŮ˵ź²ѡ
Ҫ˵įģĩҡ
ԴȻʺ֮ڻΨһλ۫﹫߼ң˳۫ϱң߶Ӳλ
ѡ㣬ǿա
кӻŲˣڳҩ
ûιȥģŮ
һλģ츮ˡ
컷ѡ
յѡɣٿ⾰Ϸֳһʲôζӳ¡
ظԺɫкãȰˡ
컷յ裬һյݸֳֻѡˣѡҲ֮СֻûΪﾡ
Ų裬ѡлӹĹҲʲôοأѡѡѰһʵ˼ңƽƽӣҲһͱȹ
ǰ
һȹ
Ҳһȹá
Ǽг£ѡΪӦһϯ֮ءôƾ鹣ƾ빬еĹϵѡ֮λģδ
ˡ


220 ֮ʮ



ĵڶ 
ԭٟRȥ󳤹һذӱ,֣ʺ⻰Цȥ󳤹Ҫ,ӱҲһ
ôٟRʡ
֣ʺ,Ҫл
ԭˡٟRͬ˵ŷһ,ռĸͰӱ㰮ԵĲˡĸԾӣӱ㰮Կ⡣
ЦŴӦ
ٟRæʵĸ,ĸ,ǽҪٰ춨İɣǻ
ǰһλ¸صٳ,󳤹ɲ,㼪գɼЩ¡֣ʺ֣̫,ĸ˭ٳִºأ
֣̫ڵ۶,۫Ϊס
ٟRϲ۫,˵۫ͣۻ
֣̫Ц,ʣ˭ʣ
ʦͦʡٟRͲ,ʦϵá
֣̫,۹λƷ,һ,δסѰһλɹ׵,õĲźá
ٟRѡ,ʷʦҲʷ˷޶жҲ࣬ʷ˵ĸ裬ֵܽñֵܽüʮ˶ס˶ˡ
ʷãƼԼ游Щ˼ҵȷ˶常Ϊ٣ҲͷֻСںֵСһڵ۶ġ
֣̫룬֣ʺҲáʷ̫ѧʶԨǰʦʦһ׽Ǣý˲ʹɡ
֣ʺ󣬡ǡ
ʷ̫ѡɵҲû
ڶ磬ƽ󳤹һ˽ˡ
ӱһɬڹסü꣬첻ģ˵仰ӱָյ󷽡
ִ֣̫󳤹ѡʱһһҲ꣬㻹
ƽ󳤹ЦӱҲŮ֮һɩҲ֪ˣԼҺƫԵñС
ֻ㿴ŰӱãŶá֣̫˵⺢Ӹס⼸꣬׵ˬʴ󷽣ϲ鿪ĺӡ
֮һԼҺӡ
ƽ󳤹Ҳǵǫѷ䣬ãҲû뵽档
ʵֻаһλӣҲֻһλΪѡȻǼƷõĺӡ֣̫Ҳˣڵ۶꣬ٳְӱ¡ҸʵˣЩҲꡣգͶꡣ
ƽ󳤹ҵ޷ƽﻹñš
ġҲˣ֮ǰƾƱˡ
ƽ󳤹ͷɩġ
ȻŮҪ޴ӣƽ󳤹Ҳڵ۶һΪٳŮ֮£ߣʹʱϮ󽫾¶ˡԺǷ޾Ϳڵ۶ˣһ۶ļңŮҲҳ̵ָ
Ȼй磬ɵҲԵˡ
ཪӱһ棬˶ɬдϲáǼˣ°ϲ
׮֮ãϼסûģ񿴺Ǳ˴ãٺòġ
⾴󳤹Լˣ˶ЦˡٟR֣Ҳþһɡ
ഽ¾յ⻰棬㾴֣Ҫ־㣿
ٟRΪȰҴãԺСӰ
ׯصˣδ飬ִܲȤæһپյϽɡ
ĴһЦ
ٹΪֺ֣ǽ˫۶ˡ
յ׵ֶŮȻѡȥˡ
磬ƽ󳤹һ˸ǡ֣̫͡
ٹӱ˵ʲôĸģһ£û˵һֱ˼ңĸĸǲȥֺô
ƽ󳤹ӹϱĲ裬ŮӣʱǸʤôߵӡһҪ͵ˡƽ󳤹ȿڲ裬ǲǸˡ̫ر־͹ˡ
ӱڹü꣬治ࡣ
Ȼĸ˵ͼ
ʷ̫ǱҲɵί˴Ӵǹ٣ֱɷһͬš
ٟRҲûʷ̫ڶκ͸ʷ̫˵ƽʱܸ״кһġ
ʷ̫˵´ãҪԵϸҪŶԵ¶ԳĿء
ʷʦƽʱٸ״ǱҵĿˡ
ʷ̫ЦǲУǳΪˡ
ٟR죬ˡ
ʷ̫¶Ц⣬Ŀķ·ڿԼﱲ˵ǵõ´ĺá
ٟRۣǲģʲôá
ʷ̫Ц
ٟRҲЦˡ
Ҳûнʷʦܸ״·ϣʷʦ׽к¾ʷʦˡ


221 ֮ʮ



ĵڶһ 
¶δ,ɱǱҲݱ
ⳡսмּѡ
ߵ˵ǹˣͨĽϣɱĴ󽫱㻳ǲ߾ٽ巸ߡ,ֻع,ŲΪҡ±ܵ͢Ļɡ
֣,ȷһ롣

Ѱı߾,֣Ǵ,ûǿ
ǲؽ,Ҳ֣,֧δġ֣ʾս,ǽһ桪
ɱѩУɫƤΧΧסĴü֮,һ˫ķ
ɱ֣һΣδȫ
֣սǹ,սһǽһӣЩŸɫƤë糱ˮ㻤Ὣȥ
֣羭ϵ¾жϳ,ǲһὫ졣
һ֧λȻݹء
д˵,ɱҪ׼,͢Ҫ׼
ٟRΪĸ,Լͷ,ѽ,ȻҴСЩС,ǾȻö˾˶˲Ű
֣̫⻰ֱ飬˵Ӵ⻹С⻰վ˵ġ
ٟRЦⲻ.ϰô
ɵ̿
磬¿η
ǰҲܳǱ߾ߡٟR˾Ҳûȷ֤ݡ
ɵʳӣ࣬Ϊµδã
룬ɱǱ߷ЩڼǺ¶β͵һաУԳ͢򲳺һ飬ǣǲб߾ðɧҹ߾ɺϣҲһ־ʾ
ɵףĸףӦԳƵϽˡ
֣̫Ҳ⡣
ٟRЦ֣̫ˡ
˸УȲϺٷһ飬ͷӴޣҪ޳һ޶˵˵ĴڣǲһȺﰡ
˵϶ʶһһ䡣ǼʶƣıͲˡ
ٟRʱ֪ǼıҲɻϵҪôмͶĴأ
Ƕ෢һ£ûþûãҪãš
һЦҲ
ٟRӣɱ̫ƽˡްģʡĸǽϺú̺ƣҲ
ɱƽɵҲɲ٣⻰ǡ㻹Сֻ׼ȹơ
ĻزǺȹƵġٟR˵
ɵۣ֪ŷһҲù
ٟRͿ飬ǻܽôģ
ɵ۰οŮٴЩܳԾˣҲõ񫡣
ǵöܳԣ
˼ɡ
ٟRһ㣬ǵú°˵Ȼ뼰еԶҵѾôˡ
֪ڳɵ۶ᱻٟRĹЦ
ɵ۾Ͳټԭ򣬡ֻ
ðɡٟRӦԼˢЩʣʣ㿴Ҷһ˵Ҿˡ
ɵЦ޿̣ҪҲԣŽ
ΥԵġٟR˵ʵСʱϲԾƣҲҳԣҲҳԣҾرˡһӸҳԸҾٲء
÷ϵĲݸףСèӶ䣬ʣҪҪ취
ɵͷۣĸ˵ǳû鳼ԵʣԽRԽ鳼
ӣ඼ŲסЦˡ
ٟRСͺøӣֻݳĲ赱ջأСȰȰȵĸ׽ֱɵģ˺ˣջǰǼ鳼ϲС
ٟRһҪϼ鳼ĵغãؿ︸ʷǡǼ鳼Ӵ˾˼
ٟ֮Rŵĺܡ˵ĸȻɱ˻ƽ򷢸˵һɱս£ǣңǹˡ
֣̫˽Ȼ֪ˣ֪ᡣ
죬ôһءٟR
֣̫󣬡͢зȡ
Ҳ
ɵ۵ǰĸ󣬲˵Եģãɱﻹ֪ǣҡ
֣̫¶Ц⣬ǲԡ
ɵһˣùġ
ٟR˾˵裬Ҳȥĸ˵һĸһ˸ˡ
֣ʺǹô˼ʮϲá


222 ֮ʮ



ĵڶ 
ת۱,һɹæµ֡
ٟRСᣬŵĸ֣ʺС泤ǡʱ,ȥеһᡣ
ﵱȻӦȥ,˶ĵطǺã
ٟR˺ü,ͷ
ǸһȥģǸʦһȥġ
ʵʦҲæ,,岿,񲿵䷱Щ,ҲæٟRǰʦ˵ˣʱתת
˵,ǰ¹ѩ캮ضģڹ￾á˵,񲿹æ,¼棬Ҷöš
ֲҾǿųȥģ֮ǰϿ,۶˵ѩ󣬵۶ַƶ,ҵȥ,ʳ淢ûУٟRһǹģ,һȥ׼,ǲǸдһ
һЦ,ѬϷůһů,Ͳ󣬻ǰյ¡
ⲻʦҵô㲻ǳ˵ΪҪռࡣҶǼġٟR˵ô䣬ǳԵıģůůģ˰հʦ˵ǲ
۽һ̧ƳٟRҪ˵ǣǻô
ٟRЦҾ֪ʦ㲻ܾҡ㲻ô߾ָֺʵů͵磬ʺ϶쵲ˡ
ɣٟRǳתתôô¸ˣ
ôǻ¸ҸʦӣҵĹģٟRߵ㲻ҪҾջ
ܲҪô鿴ͷйҶӦˣҪӣ񲻸
ٟRת_Ϊϲҵ⡣
ᣬŮԴԲСŮģ꣬òټôϲŭ޳˵죬治֪˭ܽס
˵
ٟR⴩һɫۣͷһĵ٣ٟRվӣù˰ϲСӵĲ˿óϣҳ򣬻λζС״׹ӣˡ
ʱеΣѾǺ«Ҫ˫ϲ֡ϲȸ񡢷֮󼪴ĶٟRˣԼϲСӣҪֻڵѩ׷ëɰ
ҲСһϣٟRһӡ
֣̫˵֣̫ҿR֪ڴʲô⣬⼸ģͷʲô
˵˵ˡǰմ˳һҸõĶ񣬰ѳˡ
֣̫һ֣Ҳġ
ǫѷǷǷЦţԼģѽСǶЩˣȥ˶ĵطҲײ
֣̫ס
СʱͦĺӣԽԽƤСӻȻƵһɵˡ
ٟRϣ˵ǹĸͬʦһˡ
ȥ۶ʩĵطʩࡣٟRû˵ĺӣЩյĴȻãģҲ͸źࡣ
ʵģ£϶ǴŲľɰ£ѱůԲǾΧĸʵ¶۾ɪֻмӺֵӵĴٟRһС
ٟRһУƺƵĹٱû
ٟRһ۹ڹཹðݵ࣬۳ɫͦģ˵Ҫ겻ٟRҪһԣȻЩᣬȷû
ζͬʦζܹ֣еš
ΪϸĽͣС㣬ǳףȻЩ¾ζġ
ⲻǻôٟRлɾ
߶һŽɫһϡ˵˷ģǰջӵСȱصýాãܼƶա£Сȴ˿
ٟRͷˡ
ãСԸ¡
Ҳаð컵ܵЩ£Щյʳ񶬣ǰˡ¼϶øһС
ȻǱûġ
ȻٟR͵תת׼ֻԹһЩȴҲߡ
תһȦٟRˣҲˣʦ˵ϣÿ춼ܳԵıģůӡ
ҵȳӱԸ
֣ʵɱСս£Գ͢Ӱ첻׼ۻǣΪӺˡ׼ȻҲų
ٟR۾峺ΪʲôӺˣôŶӳİأ
ٟR´ֻͬ񡣳ܾ͢ȼ࣬ܰķȣʢģˡ
ٟR̾
ϲңϣ˶úõġ
鿴СС;ŸСüͷ·֧Ǻ«ԣǮϺҡϺϲǧлһľӵǺ«͸顣
Լȡ֧Ҷɳģʣµӷָҳԡ
ٟR֧ɽ髵ģҧһڣմǽɽǵǲ
Ǻ«Ȼоĺóԣȴûоƽʻζ
ٟR٣ԹǺ«ʹ񣬸ʦ۳ˣҲܰ׳ʦǺ«Σ
ҵõ͡
ٟRЦӲմָϵǣ˵طʦ㡣
ʦʣĶ
ͷĵ꣬˵ձٟRڳһģҴʦȥ
ʦԭᡣ
ٟR˵ⲻôⱲӵһιᣬʦһ䣬¶ҵüһӣԶˡ
ֱ˵ˡ
ֱ˵ٟRԼִ̹󷽡
СӶҪӵô
ȸٟRԼã˶࣬ߡ
㿴ʲôʱ߹ҾҪһᶼû
⻰˵ģûĶˡ
Ҿ
ûٟRȷţοҲʲô¡Ӧˡ
Ǳּˣ·ԶŸʽ̯λԵõģģһӦСٟRҲͳԷˣÿ̯λҪۣϲı
ֱ߶ջ˵ҪʦԺóԵģˡ
ʦ
ٟRԹôģָָ̫ٟR˵ҪҳԷġʵۻģֹˣҶҪιȥˡ
ٟR֪ʦôֻҵطʦԷ
鲻ߣҴղ˵мõĵ꣬Ķأ
ѽҲ˵ġٟR˰æĹ۲췹˶˹ѣѰһҿĵ꣬ұ϶رóԡ㿴ģֽġ
Цҡͷҵ㿴˴ĽǶ̴˵Ŀ˶Ƿ䣬ɼҵıȻʵݿɿڡĵûżģǽȥ¾͵ϱĿˡ
ٟRһ徻¥ٟRûϲƷͣ˵ģѵնǳԲ裿
ʱڣҲͲ¥徻
ֱӰ²¥ȥЩصĺòˣٟRոָıС˾ǵ˵緹Ҳһȫˡ
Ͷ㶼ŵ£ٟRʢԡɼʲôأᣬ´ͬΣ
ģٟR˵ĸʦп⣬ǿ˵ˣ
˵˵ҨЩ֭ѩ׵ľ׷ϣǹӦö࿴䡣㵣Űʹ֪֮࣬а֮أ


223 ֮ʮ



ĵڶ 
ٟR,ɫ˵عʱв,Ҳˡ
ʦ˵,շԺ
ٟRʦһ,ͷһľƲߡѰҲྫ,û,ȴһ׾֮
ٟRһ۾,͸ʦ
齫ͻٹ,֮д֣̫󣬡ģ,ȥ˵۶ļط֧𣬵ϳϨ𡣳ాͦŨ,õĳҲȥǰӹ,۶˵˿ܣʹıҪá
һȥҲѧʣʳ,ζеšֻףزŵˡ
֣̫,̸ֽ,ٶ,Ҳȥ,֪ôһˡ
ΪȻ
ٟRͬ⻰,Сİ㸽,Զԣ͵ö࿴У
֣̫Ц֣
ֵĲˣٟR˵˱ƽʱϻ࣬ʲôĶУȻĶһ㣬ҿҶͦˡҲТĸ
֣̫ΰ
ٟR˵е۶ĹٱѲġٱǴ룬ųꪣųһУеġ
˵䣬ɵ۴ųˡҲڣ˵ٟRȻȥᣬɵ۵˶ĺܣһײǺã
ٟRġʣһС衢ʦʮߣ˭ܳײҰ˵ҲΪǿ۶ΰڹˣ˺ܶġ
ΰ
šٟRֵĻǶõġ
˵ŷȥӼѲҪҪͬȥ
ҵöˡƼһߣٟRԹӼûɶȤˡʣŷƸɵĻɰɣ
಻ӼЩªϰˣŷÿһɼλ棬꿼ͻؼǵļҡڿŬˡ
ٟRЦۣⷨӲ
ʱˡ
ڿɵɵҲ۶ӣʹȥ졣дּڴˣǴµĲʹľİָ㡣
֮£ٟRжˣֳȥᡣȻ󣬾˵һ׮𾪵۶İӡ
ⰸӲ󣬵Ӱ
һ׮޸İӡ
æܽᡣѰ˼һҲҪðҸҳô˻Щùꡣ
ʶҲǵ۶һֵʱڡ
ⰸӵĴΧʹȥˣ
չԼһعһĿΣͿʼѩѳʷ֮ơ
չﱧԼ˿С¯˵ػؼң˵һ𶯵۶İӡʷh棬˵û
ʷ￴չ˵Ƶİӣ
кˮ㣬ٟRѾĲˣʲôʲôӣ
ŶǸӰҲ˵ˡ٫hٟRЬȺůţӹϵС棬һ˵رҲ֪ҪôС
˵¶ңҿеҲвʲô𡣡
ʲô°ٟR׷ʡ
ͷչģҲչｲ
ǰ˵ģ۶λ˵Ƶ£»ǲǵã
ǵð˵Ǿ⻹ͦôǾ̳ˣ
ȫǡչ˵ǹĸܸͦɵģԭҾһСӣĴ̣˵¥ҲԽԽáıף룬˿סҲ⡣
ٟRǲмģӣֻȥ׬Ǯˡ
м
ʷûҭš
٫h꣬Ǹмġ
ٟRģչգ˵
չ̾Щˣ޸ܵˣܸɵӣϱո㡣ǸʵˣжŮʸԣӶá˵ԴӾԽԽ˾Ϳ˲˳ˡǰ죬õڸϿһ˵˲࣡⸾ӳңֱӸ浽˵۶˵ԩŰҪ˺룡ȫ۶Ƕ֪ˣ
ٟRԲ۾Ȼ£
չɲô
޹ѰõĽӸٟRֲ룬еҲǣ˵£д飬˼Ͽһ룬öĺģ
ٟRŽʣ۶ôеģ
ⰸҲ󣬿֪߯࣬游˵۶Щ顣ʷﻹ游ʷ̫˵˳
ٟRѰ˼һǼӡ
˵밡ԡҴӡд˷򸾲гɺ롣ȻҲųΪ޵¾õĹӡйõģ롣
ٟRתͷ˾˵裬ŵ㣬̹ٵ۶ȥߵ۶ǾŮƹİ˵ˡ
˾һ񣬡ǡһū澾̹ȥµĻ
˵˵е⻰۶ɶУɷϲί˭
ǰⰸӶܶϵװ׵ġ٫hҲ˵
ʷҲܸˡ
˳ߣ£ֻܸп䣬ɹһλڻңϵ£ֻҪʣܹʣ


224 ֮ʮ



ĵڶ 
۶ֱˡ
ԭҲʮͷ,긻ǿ
۶һü꣬ɼλٳ֡
ɾһλٳͷ,ͷҪˡ
´̹˵,Ůƹİӣ֪ˡ
ɶ˼
СС;֪ٳζ
ģɵĻ˵ġ
־,⼸ʮ׻ˣ
˼ҵǸɶ˼ɶ˵Щ
ԽĹҵĺɰ̹,,ǵµ˼ǣ
̹ٵɰ,¶Щ,ʵΪôĻ,ʲô˼ūҲ
̹ĺһ,Ҳ֪,߶ֹùǷ̣רܴġǹӢ˭Ū˵ġǸ,׹µ˼
˹ֵллָ㡣
Ϳ̹,˾Ϳʼ׸ɶվһ߶ģ
˵ϸ߾ӻʳ,ôעоСʲôѽ
Ļ,˵֪,Ƿк⣿˵ⰸɶ뷨
Ļһ,ա
ӹΪѧ,ԼµرԺһۣˣⰸСɵ鰡ز©һ˿ҪʵʵĻԭ
Ȼǰȥٹ밲ʹһҪǵûɶȷԸ۾ͰУ
޹޹
Ȼͷзֺף񲻽Сͱ֪
һ֪ƾ̫ԱµӰλʥ˻οأ
˽¿һͷô죡
ٟR֪һ仰۶ľüգδȫ˽ȨʱѾʼJ
ٟRڹǰʱѧϰһգЯŮ밲ҹٟRȥѲʷʷš
ԽٟR˵Ƽڵ۶ְߣ밲ǱѺοӵĹԱģⶣĸףҪԽ¡
ٟRӹ˳˵ƴ˾˰
ǰǼĽˡҲٟRСĳ֮һ
ٟRûſţ㸸׵ĲЩôòʱ˽밲ĸʹЩҩġ
г𣬡ҽ˵ܹ죬ްˡ
ٟRοģϸнģصɱӣһƽƽġ
¼ԣ
ȡ񵶲ÿŷ⣬ٟR¿дƴЯ˰Ϸ鴫Ȼǲʹϵ£˳ģٟRܷġ˽ҲµġҴĴ罥ԽŮҲʱҴϽͷгиơ
ٟRܿ쿴꣬ͷŻŷ⣬豣ܡ
˳ͺá
Ҳ¶󡣱˸ĸ׵˵ݣѲ֣֧Ѳ˱޽飬һ˵֪˱ܵأѲ˶Ա˶չˡ
⻰ȻϲٟRȴǻû顣֣ңǰһһԺ˼ˡ˵֣Ժʱ̣ǰû飬һۣҲнˡ
ٟR˵֪ƴ˵Ա죬ѲҲˣƴ˶չˡ
ǡ
ǰٟRȡѪȻȱǲģǸġţĸ꣬͵øҪغ壬︸ĸǡ˵Ȧʪ֣һ񣬡µĹػҶ
ȥ
ٟR̾ѴԺġɶã˵ʱҲһһĿţʮ͹ɣιܶѲʮ顣
һ׶ϥ¿տա
ҪݵλǸˣ뷢÷֣ϥҲС˵ӣȻСӣСҲõģҷ֡
˵Ҳһʮ˺Ȼǰ򸾵Ů
Ҫ˵ζӣҲܡ
ݴţ˼ŮʱͿˡοӣŮһĶŮ䱦ң˻ܿء
Żϲ
˹ʮ꣬ʮҲʮˣȻС
ʮ˵ĸҲϡ棬ϻ˵аʮ̫ӵġ
ϣʵ±Ͼࡣ
СıʮºΪҵһӡ
֪εĻϲãĺӣŮ˫ȫοļƫӹǲˣвʹˣڼҰ
ƼƱŽѲʷʦ˽˵ȰƼƲڴˡ
п£ٟRյ۶ݵ밲ӡ
ǹĹأ󳼵£Ҫȵӣ̹ͳһš
۶Ǹ٣λڵ۶Ҳϳʸƽʱѵ¹ӵĻᶼ࣬ٹˡ
Ҫٹ̫Ҳϡ棬ϡǣٹ̹ټ۶ӣһأ밲ģ
̹ٲҵ飬Ȼ̫֪
֣̫֪ΪʲôٟRⰸӲ֣̫󲻹ܣֱ̹ٟRķԸ
̹ٟܵRĲ̹֮⣬Ȼŵ۶
ΪٟRһ棬۶һ磬·һ¶ţųһ·װξӣй˷裬۶
Լһʱ䣬й˹˵۶ƫ˵
۶Źˣӣһƫҡ¾λ۶밲·ǳºͣ˵ɡ
ʵ˵ˣӵȥѲ壬׼տ빫µʾ¡
˵ǲͦ졣ʲôʱ󣿡
캮ȲҲˣС
Уҹȥ
һ
ѵȥɡ
ɹţƫ˳ȥ
ʼҲû̧ͷúεݣֻǵõϽשķ⣬йڹƷ㡣
һֱٹ̫ůůϣɹЩݵġ
Щ
ոգİݼ˹
Ǳ£̫󣬲Ǵ£ǣ


225 ֮ʮS



ĵڶ 
ĵײ,۶ȻֻٟRһˡҪעⰸӣҲùɶ˼,ȴҲø߱һ
Ͼ,¶֪̫ױ²֮ˡ
̫Ҳǧꡭ

̫,ʹѵ
۶ѵµȥһưĻʳЯӶ۶æ,ǰЩӸѲӹ۶,ϵõ۶,Ųһ,¸ʱˡ
,մӹǱ߶ȥ밲
³Ǻ£ӵİӽˣ
ûС۶һ,½¹·,ͺӦˡ֤ˣտ󡣹¹ע˰˵һ˵,ȥ󰸡
࿴¸ЩӦԹ󰸣,,ĵ,Ҳءúöϰȥɡ
ǡ
¸ʳһߺ,ѵµȥ
Ƴ¸һ,
¸ѵµԼݼµ˵һ,ɵ۱ʾ֪ˣȥˡ
صѹδ¸ڿտգ³ʱȽŷ飬ųֲվˡùʳδ
³꣬¸³̾۶治ģ
ҲӵܣǲµֶӰѳˣظǰ̶żѣ
̾Ϣһأ¸˽Ӿ¿һ飬Աʱ֮á
¾ڣ¸ԴųȥʰǰúãԱռ֮á
̶̰գʰúӴ
¸һ
µ֪ӵհѳ¸ʮꡣ
ΪӣٟRѿγ̵ճʱ
ùţʹչＸ˳ˡ٫hеţڳϻ˵ǵһνţ֪ǲ񻰱д
ٟR˵ĶǵһνŰhˣ֮ǰȥ񲿡
Ŷ٫hЦоһ󰸶ϰģܾЩɱ
û¶ȥһξ֪ˡ
ٟRһе۶ʱſɨһȾλŸɾģĸùٱ浶ĿбӡлСڴϺţһƺƵĳݹȾܣϽ֪ԼҴˣµĳݵˣ
Զкۼ˵ҪϾӵİӣֵġ
ٸ˺üΣκЩǽϺйģ£Ͱ֣ߵġ
Աڶ󰸣ǿġÿãʰΧۡ
ٟRһЩкϵǽ¸ǰӭ۶³ЯСӭݣ½𰲡
ٟRųʣ˾ǵ³һҶɣض񡣡
߳˳ʷҲٟR˵ͽȥɡ
Ȼ󣬽·˴ӵٟRȥ
ſֵİգһӣ
ġġ
ǹ£

ŶġҼˣ
󰸵ô
˭֪ѽˡ
ٟRۣϣջͬҲ˼һġ
¸ǰ򵼣׼ˣȵϢúΰ뼸λﰲ
չһ˾仰¸رǵģԭǷ̵һġϱӱɡ
¸Щżһʱ𱰣λĳĸǺġǶǧС㣬վգί˿ɲҵô
ٟRߴչ¸Ѿչ˼Գ¸󰸶ϰ֮أͰ˵İ졣
¸ټ֣ɾõ˼λǧС㣬ЩأǴ֪񷨡Ҳ
¸·롣
Щɾ¾ɣ硢ƫΡУƽΧһɫɽɽϸ֧ʣһ֧Ϊ죬һ֧ΪڡɽҲһƹ̨˶̨ǶϰǩͲǩͲһŵϼܡ
ٟRףţþӦôط
¸ٟRʾ£µһã۶ܵǵ۶Ͻ°յľװ£նǲͨǵġд⼸գϴҲྻ£Ҳһӡ徻ЩҲһƫ󰸣зԸŹŮ֪᳼һס
ٟRһͨ㻹Ϊǵһγһμհһ١ܿʲôҾá
¸æ
ٟRͦϰС;ĸٹϣȥ£ƫһָ¸лȥˣȴۣ۽永֮˴
ٟR˵󰸲аôôа
¸æ˵ǧ֮壬˵µǺã
ٟRһң͵ε۶׸ɵġԼŻԼôۣܾң
¸ûֻøŰսȻǰ
ܿ죬Χ˺ѹѹˣƽִлһˣʱ֪йڣֻǺĿŵĹ¡
ȣ¿겻󰡣
Ȼˣȥ깫µΪСģ
˵ˡ
ٟRԭˣŮϰ̺۽бֱ£ģɼ˺֡
ٟRⱲӻǵһμµ˺ۣӴ󣬾ο£·ЩϧŮһǽˡ
ٟRӣվ£ͷеȣЩ֣ɫϸⷺƣһŮӣʱĿ¶׹⣬׹ȴһ˿ײĵ⡣
ⰸӷǳ򵥡
Ƿ޶ִе˵Ů͵ˣŮ˵еŰŮҪ룬з롣
¸˵Ű£º󣬡ŮϳϵˣҲо˺ۡˣƽռ䣬ǲǳ
˵︾˲ͬС㣬举мҲģ޴ܣͷβϣԽԽá
¸Ϊٶ꣬һݣѰ쳳޷ľ˶ɼʱѰ֣ϣ
˲Ӳϳʱᣬִ磬֪ˡǲǷ޼ͷ¶޸£ȴʵ˸Сֹ
¸⸾ˣϣɷ˵˽ͨϣ
˽Уң
¸˫֤ã˵֤˾̫̫֮䣬ϼȥ̣˵Цÿضǲͬˣⲻβʲô
ϵ⣬˿ˣѵԿüۣ
˭֪Ǿˮ⻹Ե⣡̫۾һᣬͷϽ⡣
߷֣˵˵ӿϣҲ
˵һˣЩùֶΣܰҲҶʵƭ̫˵Ż
ɫǺ죬Ļ
¸ľһģྲ
̫ܴһţʱҿˣ¹á
¸˽ͨ˭һ˵ģʲô¶֤ݣȻҽַˣ˵С檶
ˣַ˵乫ˣЩһ˵֪иֶϱûȥʱҶҪլˡϴģͷϴģֶϱ׬ġ֪ĺҲˣܳˮ˵Եģһ㶼ˣ
ʾ޴£
ϵɩҲ˵ԼСӱƷϾԽΪ޲֮£
¸ǣ˵СҲ˵ĸ˿񣬽Ժã֮ͨ¡
ĴС檣ʶʹӣҸʱӾլҸĸȻϣ
¸ŭȫģȫƵġרҲüѵ˺Ϳ治ɣ
ٟR˾ȻǼ
¸ġ
ӱɫ࣬²ϵףֶϱӸĹ˵Ժӳźÿ
ϵ֪нգҰӻǺҶ˻һ֣
һǼòɣ
Ļ̫ˣҪϡԭվķδõסȴŵĳϻӸ첲Ҵⲻ͸ˣͽ̽أ
ٟR۽磬ϾĶš
¸ŭãϸôĵӣ
ǰֱӰϸǽֱϸҲвһ
ʡԵ֪ϸ塣
¸ʣҲ㲢û˽֤ͨݣ֤ݶװףǳֶ֣ޣһϲ
ѧϱϾһһŮΪŶŮѧԸԭһΡֻҪؼңѧԸһ񡣴ӴҶ˷޶ܰͷϡ
ˣѾ񸾾СޣǺ룡
¸ʣϣҿǰΪɷΪһһŮЩ꣬Ҳжӣ㲻ٿô
ϵֻǲңӣⶼûʲôͨӹĲãҲûʲô񸾲ƶ֮ˣֻҪͬģͶᣬŬиͷҿˣʼȥƣֻѿδ˵ʲôЩǮͿʼл죬ҪԽԽʹԽ֪ԵʣΪԱΪŲˣҪңȭͷ֤ǿ
ҴƲƲˡ
ѻ٣Ҫ°뱲ټҲסƴһӲˣҲٸޣ˹ӣӣ
˵Ʋˣ¸ҲƲ𣬱ſֵҲ಻ס
ǰ˶硣
˵Ƶģı죿
ûУҲϱ
Ҫôӵϱ칩ҶԸ⡣
˵߷ѵɫһʱͺһʱףƲסŭ𣬡㲻ͷõģʶʹҺ룡룬Ҹ㣬Ӷúɣ
Ͽ¸˺룬ŶŮҸĲ֮ˣúӣ
¸ţȥˣЩΪѡ
˵ģҵĺӰ
¸ٟR£ԶѾǿҲǲֻӣе֮ˣɵ׺Ҳס
զô֪ͨ
ٟRʣӿ˸ã
¸ͷ˽ǴˡΪҪ׼֡
ٟRѺǴ
궼к߰꣬ŮСЩŸɾϸްŸٟ֡Rڰ֣ӲùˡǣԸǸ׹ӣǸĸ׹ӣ
ӶĸǱ߳˼Ľжӣиɵ˲ɣ˭Ÿ˹ӣ
кûףһ࣬ߵĸߡҲĸİˣǸ
̧ͷһôϴˣС㰡
ٟRЦ¸Լ֪˭á
¸ҲⷨӺãԼѡģԺ´Ů˾ȥӵӣãϹ
ϴϲߵͷлл
Ǻ޵ڻڹ֮ϣ¾Ҫ޶ˡ
мҲ֣ûʲô˵ģ¸ѾǰҼҵ˵׬Ǯ
ԭֻʣһլʮĶءϿƷ꣬ڼǧĶһլԺǽһլ棬ϿľƷһ
¸ҵԹҡðĲҵǷޣҲҪɷЩԸ⣿
ʮˬ죬һƾ
¸˵Ǹĸˡ
¸Ƿֵģһһ룬լԺϣϾӣլӱЩǽլңչ˽һңϣоƷҲϡ
¸ͣҪӣʶһ
˼ˣԵѧ飬Ʒԭҷ޶˵ģܶϣ
¸ʮƴ˲𣬳Գѧ͸֪Լݣɾ̣ҪƷкã
ãѧҲϣ
¸ˣԺǲǷޣҲйԵһָϣҲ㺢ӵĸףЩôˣӺɷɺûؽ󣡡
˱˫ճ죬伫᲻þƷֻĸȴ˵
¸ӡƲ˷ָãľԲ£޷ԸⰸӾˡ
ٟRյ¸ʾѳ¸ϣݻҪôУ
¸һ⻹ҪУ
Χ۵ɢ˵⻹Ҫ
ٟR¸ʱŹδ棬Ȼعܡϸˣ֮ʵΪĸ٣ܲأ


226 ֮ʮ



ĵڶ 
һ
¸Ϊٶ,ɷϤ
Էޣ˵ǿ
ֻˣǿҲ㲻ˡ
ҲŹƫϾͺа,иϸǰ޵·Ů,ˡ
зѭ
޷ѭƣ
¸бǩǰ,˵µѴ,,,ۡ
ٟRԴɱɷ,¸ȷһ۷,˷֮ѾܻԷ޶ۣ
˼ǣɷ涨ɷ,ֻҪĽ۶,ͲǶǷˣѵɷۣ
¸һڹٳ,ҲϹɰǧİӣȴҲΪµƶľ
¸ʱ,˵,,˼涮ɷ
¸æһǫ,˵ǡ
ƫμ
غð,¸ָ·¸,϶Ϊİ·ˣѪɣʮ
Ǽ̡͢Ĺ涨и֮Уɸ书񱾸ȸ㹦ٴӡ
ʧƲʧӣˡ
ɫҰףɥϥģ˿ѧǱһʱ嶯ϵϣˡѧɡ
ʱҲͦżˣڵϿధҪϥйȥϣϴĶ㿪
ٟRϾֹĶΪ¸¸һͬ顣չվٟR󣬼״һ֮ϣɱа֮ߣɷɽĵģ
չʮ壬ҲߣֻǹµŮ١˵ǰקˣѹڵءͽСŮŵĿ§ڻСšչﻺһȰѺӴȥչˣҪίǡ
¸ʱѻæ˵ԣȥɡ
ûָྲ
ٟRƳ¸¸ɫһǩͲȡǩӾҪ̡ſһ𣬡лҪ˵
¸ȥλͷ׵ߡ߲˶ʮ̵ﳤ壬ҲϸףлΪ顣
ˡ
һ
ſڿֵкϺΪ鰡
û˵ɣ
ģѵȷϵп

ٟRҲһĿѸɨɩӣԭΪˣԲ۸ꡣ
ˡ
׵
ۼδӽȥˡ
һǰݵʱ档
ɩҲָ򶨡
ﳤһŮٿһŮһ̾ϣ˵ԨԴ밢˵ĸѣҼұҼҺùҼֵö࣬סĵطԣͽȥ˯ʱģҲҳԡһزһһҩʮźáҼûǮҵţ͵͵˸ҩжġԣҽؽ֮áˣҶϣŮɡ
Ҫգ¸϶ġ
ŵϺŵȷλʿ
ʱĲĵÿµ˼
¸ٟRٟRʣϣԸ½ô
ʹĵ̣ҧŭˣŮ½ˣ
ﳤŮʯʱŭָⲻТŮҾ˵˼ͷ¶ģһϹޣŮģϰַڴӣڻһӺͺ㲻ظ£н֮£
ȫޱȴڵ۶ټˣһƢûС⣬ѵŶô˵ĸõغãһҵһڷһŮͷ¶治֣Ӹ÷õʱ㲻ҲϲҲűôӸ㵱ﳤʱ㲻Ҳֵ˯ЦôϴºģͷϵĽҲҸõģʲôʱŴϸ޲Ьҳͷ¶Ժ󣡡
ŮôТʱôأôҪأ𣬡Ҫҵ飬ԼȥԼ޸ңլضˣԼȥ
ñ˵ĿȥԼĶǱ͸ˣ
˵ּֿ죬ֱӽﳤϵסﳤ˵ʱ䲻ʶ˵ӡ񱻽ϵףɫͺ죬Ҫȥϣȴһ仰ûһ壬˹ȥ
꺺һѽסϵϺ˵䣡
Цڷܾί˭ҳŹô˾岮ַﶼԸΪ˵乫أ˴ɩһͷƵĶŲүҪ˰ʱֳ¶ˣǲΪңΪ˸飡
ΪʲôҪ˵п࣬ΪʲôҪ˵
˫ʡ
ٟRοˣԷûǮʱǮʱͭͭĺôָñѹ㡣Խ޲ŵˣԽˡˣĶлŵļֵ
ٟRȻʾ½⣬ɣʮ塣ǩͲгһ֧ǩžȥ
ƻĳˮǰһ˱ϣӦһˮѹס˵ıһѹšǰһˣչžžžžžʮת˲ꡣ
ʱеĲң꣬ˡ
ٟRȻʳ¸ոոǷָҲϵļױôû᣿
¸£ϵļױĵʣֺˡ
ٟRһ˵ﳤ˻ЩԵһŮһϱˣһԡ
¸ٰձ⻰Цſڿֵû¸ĶЦ
ٟRףϵϣⰸӽˡǰ˵ǷѣôͿŮּ˸ˡǰԵˣǰ壬ԺʹŶŮӰɡ
Ҫ˵мľٟRͷڵϣǡл˹ϡ
ʲô£۶ҳ¸ٟRԳ¸Ǹĸ٣ˣͷǵļҲƾָ£ϵġ
ǡ±ǲԸҲǷָġ
ٟRҾȻعˡ


227 ֮ʮ



ĵڶ 
,۶治СٟRҡͷҧӣĸ˵,ĺ,һ֪ͨϹͬ顣˵Ŀ,¸һƲģͨһϰǸ,ȥͬˡҡڲ,һûС
֣̫ٟR²,¸ڸλҲǵڶ,ɼûӡ
ٟR,ܳҲ
֣̫ȱΪ¸ˣҿҪд鷳
ٟRԲһ˫è۶,ʲô鷳ոջһһ׮
֣̫Ц,ڲ˵֪
ٟRţܡ
֣̫,ȿڲ裬Ǿ͵һȡ
Ⱦ͵ȡ
ʲôµġ
ٟR°˵
ٟRͦ,Լһ¡
ȥһ,չԼЪ,չҲоǵõ³,ⰸӶϵĶ,о,ʹ
ƾ˭Ҳ
ţӲĻҲһ
㲻ôˡ
Ϊ׸֮ŮչСС顣
ڶ糯ʷ̨飬ǹ˵Բֵ۶ƫƫϣڰպԩ
ϻ˵Ϊ°Ůףͬѧϰͣò
ңֻһʷ顣
ɵ䵱ʷ³ֱʷ̫һϳ̸ﻰñԼ˼
ʷ̫ͷɣٹ밲֣̫˵˴¡
۫ʾԹΪĲͬ
ʷ̨ʷʷȻҲڿ֮Сʷѳ¸ˣⰢСˣ
¸ɫ͸˻һ㡣
⸮֮λͷˣ
֣̫Ұѹͬ˵һ˵еĵ˽ϿεٟR
ٟR϶ĿΣҲһˡ
ٟRͦأͬʤ̵Ľ㡣ȹؾصĸĸй񣬴ĸʷ̫ȸٟRװİڰ֣ض񡣡
ȥԼλˣ˵¡
棡
۫üͷܼӬΪ۫˵ǧ壬󣬸߾ӹڣҪΪŮӱʣαҪȥţﲻ⣬ԸһҲˡ
ٟR۾ɨʷ̫ʷʷʦʷҲΪ¶ģ
ʷֱ̫ӣ£۶е۶ְӦֵ۶ϰ֮£Խ޴ҡ
ʷˡԼְ𣬵۶Ҳе۶ְ𡣹ʵ۶ӣǲҲҪʴ£̲
ʲô𣿡ٟRʣΪܹʴ£ܹ̲
ʷȻܣ²֮ҵȳΨ֮گʣǲҲʣǲҲʣ
ٟRУ۫ԼķأܹʵԼص¡ҿԣΪǹҸǻʵۡҸ׵ģһҸ׵񣬵Ȼԡ
ʷʮ̥꣬һĿ񻰣±ǰһڣֱۣǱΨһŮʮ˸ѵʣ
ȻٟRʣ㣬ʷʷ̨ʷʷְ̨ΪΣ
ʷٹ٣ȡ´˾뷨пֱԽɡ
ʷ̨ΪʲôҪٹ٣ȣǲǵİٹٵʧʧԱʧݺݺһ͢աٟRѧƣ֪ÿλְ򶨵˵Գ͢ʷ̨ľͰٹʧҵĵ۶ʧȥѵڷп𣿡
µĵ۶ʧʷ̨̲󣬱ӣ˾ͬҲף
ʷԽ㲻ٟRɫһ𣿡
ʷе˵Ϸȡ
ٟRδ˹涨ԣϲϷȲء
ٟRֱӷʷǿԷԿԲͬԸһǵⲢζҪܡΪǹ
ʼʷ̨˾ΪȷȹƽǶǳ͢ҳǿȰɻʼҽڼе£ȰɻʼĻǿԴʼ¡ǲܶ˵ܲ񡣹ɣΡ
ʷҵû˽ġƻʼҵĻԺ˵ΪʼҿǸʼҿףֱ־ǻʼҵģҲǻʼҵȨ
ǴҸ׼£ҲһѵʵŮģͲӵôٟR˵ҪȰĶŮˣΪõΪĹ¼ҹˡ˲ţѵͿţ
ʷһ⻰̲ס磬ȴٟŖѹ£ٟR˵ҪʼҵľżʲôλãӸʲôλãΡʼԼĹ񷨣ԶľżΪΪĽܣֻΪ˹һǧꡣ
ҿƽҪ˵йĵ¾ҪʣﲻףһҪָΪΡ
ʷ뱲ӵܵRĻ̫Ҫ˵ùڹа֣Ҫһʼҵ
ʷپ˾ֱ˵ⰸӣϵĲѽ
ٟRüһﲻԣ˵˵


228 ֮һ



ĵڶ 
ٟRȫΪⰸеʲô⡣
,ڷʷɣҲ
Ϊķȡ
ʷԭ˫,ڻڷִ,˸ˡǺΪʣһΪ˶ϣ,ʱδ롣ɷװд,Է,ۡ
ٟR˵,ʦҽһɱ޵İӡ,һɷ潣,ɷŭ֮´֣ӡɣɱ,Ȱʮǧʱ,ظҲôеġ֪˰˵ףɷ潣ʧ֮,ʵɱ۴
̲,̲ϳȵ,ȵ۳,ɱ֮
ʮǰİ,Ȼ֪
ʷ,Ů˵ѧʶ,ȷǶ˲顣
ʷǼѰҵҲɱ䲻ΪˡǵΣ£ǵ飬ȴ˵ߵ䣬ʵСʧ󣬵òʧ
ٟR㣬ΪΣ
Ȼء
ʲôģ
淶ֹԼ
ҪģΪ񡣡
ٟRɷΪĵߣɷĴھҪˣΪУߡΪֻԼ˲ܸ̫ƽ̫ƽ䣬ܻˣʹ˻ĺá
ɷ塣
ɵⲻԼ˹أ
ãھ˵˵ʷٟ֮RΪԷŹΪС£㣬㿴ϵĵ𣿡
մæδü
ǷʷҲŮˣıˣԺ󰢷һˣҲϿһǣòʷҪУ
ʷɫĸմӷӳƵģӲͷƤպˣɳΪʷҪɡ
Ҿٸ㽲ɵ¡ٟRҼǵʷʦҽƳ£ʷʦ꿡ţʮţʮμǣΪһʱѻ
ʷ̫ѰٟR鷳ģԣ̲סһǫǾ²ˡʦƨʦҲǸ˵ġ
ҼǵʷʦͬҽǱǰҪи¼Ӧŵòòּұĵȣʷʦ֮òõǼ׵ȡ
ʷ̫֪ٟRҪ˵ʲôҲô𣬡⵹ġ
ٟRһķʷʣʷ㵱Ǽȣ
ʷ䲻ʷ̫ţҲò˷һţ׵ȡ
һӦϴ˵̣ܵüȣòĩȡŮͬ˵òҪŮĵ£ԹòƷ֮¡һɷпڽִȷûнϹۣżֱһ㲻ءһٱòˣʲôݣĵ֮Ϊ֮񣬲ϳͲƽߡ
ٟRԣҶ϶ʱѵȻ޴档һ̣Ͳɷ򡣹ʣԳо
ʷ̾УԺѧʣֻҪ޼䷢һִһٺ룬۴ˡ
ãִȴҪˡ׮ͬϸɿзʷΪŮˣмҶϰΪзˣһʱ⣬侲벻Թҡ֮ԶµƤŻݺˣȢһޣɶôеĹԱεġ
ݶˣǶĲٟRʷ£ĲߣҪǡǡΪ֮ˡ
ʷӦˡҪĿŵĸԶǽؾ˻Ůˡ˲ŮֻҪǶ֮ʷ̨Ρ
ʷĵǣдһԺҪˡ
ٟRΪ⣬޲ЭͲǿظܺ룬ɱţټޣ˵ԺЩӻΪ˿ڣҪǿ͵˶ࡣ
ٟRĵɨ۫һۣ˵ϰ¶ϣǱȳһЩ
۫⺬ɳӰ֮ûΡ


229 ֮



ĵڶ 
ٟ۫RɳӰĻһ,һɫӭٟRߣȻ޳֮ͣɳҲо仰Ҫ˵,͢¹,¾ﲻﲻãȻʿ˵,¸ߴ±һһΪ´,ԼŮ,,˼Ů,ŮͬȻͬ
ٟR,ͬ۫Ļȷ۫ԣǲһ񸸻ʾҪÿϳ,ĸڹ,ӴĸҡԱھ񸸻ÿ괺ũ紺ĸҲײȷǲһġ
ʷʷ̫һٟR빪,Ӣˡ
ٟR˵,ְ۫˾˾,۫,۫һˡ
۫ɫ΢,ýޡ
ֹ,ѧҲѿٟRָ
۫߷߽,ɴ䲻ɵģ˾ѧ㸺й֮۫ѿǣ޲š
ٟRԼְ˾ĺһ㡣
ţǷ޶һ㡣ٟRּһ϶
۫Ⱳͷһⱻĺ޲Ҹطȥ
ٟRתͷʷ̫ʷʦʷ˵Ӣ
ʷ̵̫վٟRߵĳŮڼҲǧ²⴫ô
ʷ죬ôӵ£Ϊʲô˵һˣŮӢ䣬ֲǻ¡
ٟRʷ̫ϵףŵʷʦ٣ĸ״ʡס·;ԶȣһСӱϢ߳һͷͻʱʹŵɢݣҲŻˡֳͦԲһϻ𣿡
ʷ̫ǡ
ʷ˶˷˶̲סʷ̫һۣʷҲʷҵô
ʷʦ󣿡
ţŵֽӢ¡
ٟRתʷ˵Ϸ˵ʹ֮ʮ귽ϷعѣֵܣҾƶʮֲס
ʷǸТӣݿ۫ʷ̫Ⱥʷʮֵľ裬ʱٟRἰĸףҲһǡ
ԭҲЩأ㸸ǰǷ˲ծծǰҪֻ֡ĸΪֵܶ飬ļ֯Ů塣۾ˣ˽ϴֲգʮ͡
ʷۿ΢ȡ
ǣĸһΪֵܳԾͷ
ٟRڵ۶ǣŮҪͷ¶ЩǮƶף֪Ҫܶĸ׵꣬ظӲס
ٟRӻ֣°ɡ
ҲûټٟR۶֮£ŵ۶˳ٹ
۶ۺ᣺治֪Ĺ°񿴵ٳ֮;ϣ
չＸһֱû˵˵ģ˵ġ
в׵£ƾʲôܹܲʰ
Ůб
ߣʷ̫̫ʷ̫ҪϻԵˡзʷܼҵ˭ҵ˭㿿˭нģ
壡
չٟR¿˰ɣȵ裬ɤӡ
ٟR⣬˵Ļɰɣ
رáֱ˵ǵ
ʷ˵رе游ҲϹ̵¸ң˵ҪϹ̰ϻܣûɡ
٫h˵˵ĶԡĶǺ£˵¾Ǻ£ٶ˵ֻ٣¾Ǻ¡
ٟR˵h̫۫Ϳˡ
٫hҲΣ游òˣ˵˲ܲġ
ٟRС԰һȦ԰裬ȥĸĸ㿴˵ô
֣̫¶Ůͷǹ
֣̫ȻףRϥ³ӰĶ࣬밢RվǼͬġ
RڻңһȨѪоǻȨ
ԣRǿҵθУͬʱҲȡ
ɵĳسRû˿⡢ŭԸݳӵ뷴ԣͬʱ취˵ǣͼָǡ
ֻдδȨ˲ӵеǿԵ
ҽһݲɨɨ¡
ʼ˲룬ΪǶԣҾ¡
֣̫ٟRССף룬ӻᳬԽҡ


230 ֮



ĵڶ 
֣̫,Ȼ֣̫顣Լĳﶡָоǵõξ޴ĳɾ,ǴẢϿ,Լ
ٟRתȦĵһȥ,ʦվ,Ҳ˵
Ͼ,,óȻ,ǲµĹô
ʦ֧ҵİɣ
Ȼն,ɷͲһζҪκ񣬱صûеĳ߶ȷִ硣
ٟR,ʦ֮ˡ
ȻǾ,ٹ˶ţ絽ߵٟRķ˹Ĵݡ
˵ж׮ӵ鰸,ಢ⣬˵,ίʵ,ԼϳҲӦġʷǹڵ,ѵӶǲһ㣿±ؾ
,ֻǼ΢ĩС¡
Գ͢,ƽʱ,Ǽ̲۲񰸡
˰ٟRڵ۶֮İӣľ޴˳ڳ֮ϡ
ڹѧĶ˵ˣ綡ڼﱸ޵ҲĹϱ˵Ȥ°˵һء
̫̫ڿڵУӶŮǹƵŮӿкԨԴ֪֪
ЦôʶƵŮƹ񣿡
룬˵ⰸеǰ޹ˣʵڽ
̫̫ԿǲףһŮӣڶ̶ټҵѰ˶ûı졣ˣ˼ɺޡҲǸģºóϱô׬ǮڼҽӣһӺкӲѹǴ
˵ҲŮ˵˾֡
˭˵ġ̫̫࣬ˣ˺áԴ򵽵۶ҿʹһء
˺Ц֮أ㻹ʹˡ
̫̫ˮţЦĸף˵ǰҸүϣطСٶҲ١ĸףϱСطһһˡ˵۶ٶľ͸Ƶģ·񷨣Ҫĸָң治ҳӦ꣬ʧĸ׵ӡ
˸ֱЦˡ
˵ĶĻɵ۶ҲСطûеĺôǴطдǰŶҪñԴ˵۶ñӿȥˡһͣҲѧ̫̫˵ЩΣİӣСطٲеģҲӦ۶Ͳһ۽Ҳ
ⰸۼ޸ɣҲʹ찡
˵ͷȷ˵ԭ۶ɲģȷҲ˾ˡ
̫̫˵ĸףóºúռСˣ
˴֣Ƴޣá
϶ؼң游ɷΣ˵˰׼գϿν硣
ȻҲ׮˾һ⻹ñôⰸһʧƫġӾȻиŮô˵Ҳðкӣ˼ҵѪ
̵˵ףӲߣһǸ׵ĶӰѪǸĲ˵ġ
ɶǸˣҲ̫ˡ˵ӱͶзġ
ףӸˣܹ𣿡ʡ
˵ۣûôѵ˲Ǹ˻׬ӣŮ㲻ϸˣ
׬׬ǮС¡˵˻õˣϱױˡϱļҵʵķһ룬ûỹϱױ¡ףѵƷһŵģ
ǵǰƷУһȻǸеСˡ
ĵСظˣһΪ֧ء
λ֧޵Сˣ˵ӲҲĸӸĸҲһġ
˵ĸĲƫԼʤӵġŸĸ㻹Ǹң
˱ӣ˵Ϸ֮
˿һԼľӣɫ䰮
һʱߺ죬˼֣ĸףǶġ
ʲôĶҲ˵˵Ķ˸ɬˡǵģĸ׾ӡ˭Ҳ̫̫ģƫҲһ
ɬ̫һʱپӵ˼룬ĵԭҲȵ֮ˣд³Ҳ˱Ӧ
ûܵĶϱױã
࿴ｫΣľȤ˵ԲӲת䡣׼Ҿ̫ãɸа顣


231 ֮



ĵڶһ 
ֻҪ˵׮ӵŮ,ٟͬRĿ
ȻҲа̾﹫ġ
﹫һֱԵ»ʺĽ̵ԼŮĽ̵˳ΪҪ,﹫ĹŶñ,ϴѡ㱻СĸεҲŮӡ
վٟRΪȴãǵͷ¶,ǲŹ˾а֮¡
﹫ǿûдһ
֣۫ϵ沣Ҳǳ﹫,˵۫ӵǽ,λ̫̫벻ɡ۫еҲϱ,۫еһλֶŮ,Ǻɣǵճ
̫̫,Сצ
Ƕˣų,λ,ȻɲȢ
ȨҲʹӦˡ
̫̫޽ȫ޸۫ĳ˳ͻ,۫λŵҲͦУǶΪ˴۫ںô
ѡͷ,ɶҲ
,ڸͲճ,ξЩĶ,ױ಻
ɩǸ,ʱ
̫̫Ǹ,ɩе߯ã۸ʵˣʱҹſǿ޻زٺö
۫˷𣬿̫̫ҲǸսʱˡŮ˫ȫиʶɷͨûС
̫̫ôȤ£֪죬ɩһʱ˵̫̫ɩ֣˵ѵǸ˻еùһգⶨڵԵʣȻЩٶ֪ģƽȣɲ¶ͷҲ뱻ѰǡҪУĹɩﱸǶЩŮӳͷ־
֣ԭٟRϵã沿ٟRüЦҲǣⰸӵȷҴ˵ˣҪྴȱ˴˽Թһɡ
̫̫е棬ԼɩǸˡǰԡҴһһ޲ԡҴҲģ޲飬ȫ෴ѽ
̫̫㳴ʸˣɩʱŷҴˣ˵ľ͸ģҲġ
ûʲô֣˵࿴ͼסˡ
̫̫鲻ѣѵת硢ɬı졣
Ѹֺϼһ飬һôеĹȥˡ
ٟRӺķ̫̫ʵ٣̫̫룬ŹⰸӶϵƯ
Ȼ·ǹٹھҲʹ͡
ǰٟR£ǹ˵ûʹھʸ񣬿һڣģʹֻܷͣǹٹ
ٟ꣬Rģһģʹ˷ʷĸ׷Ϸˡ
ʹͻᣬ⣬йнʮԡ
ҽӵʹͣǸϷ˵ġ
ϷһʱЩ⣬ۣɻ˵ƽʱҽ밲̫ʺҶãȴǲࡣණƽʱǸǴ
Ҳ֮⣬˵ȸ׻ʸף˵Ǹ˹ʹĸ
ϷߣȴͿҾҲ㸸ףӴġָոģӶϱûС
ʷûظĸԺﶨʡǴӶŮһӸ˵ʹ̫̫£ʷ֪ĸױҪʣԼȥĸǱߡ
ȻϷ˵¡
ʷĸТĸҲ²̸㽫ȥ˵ˡ
Ϸ꣬̾˿˵ӣԵ±Թ㲻޳ɹΪȴʹҡɼķֱɲ޹а֮⡣
ʷĸǰȫڳʱǿӲ˵ȫƾġ
㸸޵£ֵܽʱʱԼƷУǺ¡Ϸ˵۾Ϳ̫ˣ֮£ӳķϷһ˫ͫ財˵ϴĺܶ࣬ҲЩ鱾ûеǻۡ
ѵ֪㸸ܼô֪Ϊޣ׶ֵԽ̵Щֻ˵ЩҲˡ
Ϸƽ˵ȷʱĿ̸һֻӬڵĿҲЩ꣬һĴֵ룬徻Ĺӡ
û룬ΪͷЩƨ£ΪҲӰ캢ӵǰ̡׬ЩͻΪ濴ЩΪЩܸܸǴô
ʷ𾪵ĸףϷû˿رܣҵﻰˣ²졣


232 ֮



ĵڶ 
ʷǳ,̼ǵʱĸżпڽǣ׹ʱոհꡣǸ͵ڳ֮ȴ,ȴһֱǵøĸĿڽǡ
,𽥳
ĸãæµ,ÿ³һʮ嶼ȥ׷ӨϵϸݡԣЩ,ȫӨɾġ
,г,͵ĺ,ĸŲʮǮ˾ש,ΪɷӨ޵ĸ档
ĸ׻ڼ峤ʱ˵ǮƻŸɶ,˾שԺǳϢ,ҫڣǽ׬õǮשǸ׽޵ĸ¸档
,⣬û˵ĸһ֡
ʷͻΰĸ׸е
˾,֪,Ҳһ,ؼҡĸױȥש,ոµש,ŵܵ,˰æ׵ķ޳ȫȫƯķӨ
ƿУ»磬ĸ׵ܵܵ۶
ǰĸ׻һλҼƶ壬һӣΪչܸ׵ķӨ
صóһʮɨʱһźá
ԣһֱΪЩиĸ׵ĿڽǣҲֻ޼һЩڽǰˡ
ĸʮһյ˴ǰףҼ׶䣬ĸȴʼһԹԡ
Թĸֵܳ
ĸعѡɴ֯µЩӲù
ҧ˹
ĸỵ̂׹źĸ׾ѰһС֣ڼ˾ʿ
ĸ׶겻ʳ⣬ΪĸŷԵʣҾˣĸһݸϴĸΣϴ˵ĸ̫Ҫ̲Ȱ֮£ĸ׷ʼʳȡ
֪ΪΣʷȻ뵽£ʣĸʳȵ¡
ǻۼӱҲԲѽŪʿǵʺҵݣѧ˭ɥȥǮȥһˣҲѳͱҶﾫͣؼֵܾܳԶٺõġ
Ǻ
㶼ϢˣѵһҪأϷ˾ţˣĺãȴ治ö⡣
ʷûԼĸоҲЦҲǿҲϲǣ˵ϴ򲻻ĸ㴮ͨõİɣ
װǸˣû㻹ңϷ볤ӵǻģϼҵطƫҲûʱ˸ҿͷˣ˼ҹǱµ׹Ů˵ͱ۴ﻹС㼸ʮˣȥŮСĹ˵㻹û˵˼ҡ͹ģؼ㻹û˵Ӯȶ
ĸףҲΪ͢롣
ûԵطϴ󡣡Ϸ˵ûĶ࣬ϵĵҲһЩ˵Щɷ֣
ɶǹǺ˵úôⱨӦǹˡ
ĸף㲻ССͣŴβⲻϹء
Ϸ˺ȻһЦӣֵ񣬴Ķ
ʷЩȻĸ׶ûִֵЦˡұĸ˵ˡ
Ϸ˼Ʋ˵ǰҰ巻ȣ׬ЩǮ˿׬Ǯͻ˰˵һ˼ңĴȥʲôӡ
ʷɫͺ죬Ϸ˵ҪǸˣⷢƣÿܸɡǸˣǸѸԣЩۡ
Ҽǵã㻹Щ˴ܡϷ̾ϢʱվĸߵĴɣĸ׵һŮӣôأ
ĸףǱϾۼҵ¡޵£ĸ͡ϣ¿ʡº񣬲ҪԳ
ϷΪܽᣬ˵˵ãŮ˾ɶҲܡܣŮٳ¡
ʷ
˼ɣ
ϷɫȻһİ𣬡ǳΪҵĹ⣬ΪշǸİܵµ˵ĹѪǲɵЩƨĹأŮӾӪ֣Լֻ·ҾͲûѪЩõ֮ϣ֪ǵӻ׶٣
Ϊұ迿˲ܹӣڼҿף޿ɷϿӡҸ㣬Ϲ游Ҽ޸㸸ļˡĸΪ׼Ů˾̲׼Ů٣ΪˣΪһ㹩㷢ʲôΣ
ĸףĸףǶӵĴŭʷæǰסĸףϴ
Ϸ˴ŭ֮£ֽƵĺϷָųӣΪҪЩӹµһɪӣ㾹ȻɵŮӵ˵زвŸɣͬһ£ǴĸáǸģԣԼӣ£Ҫˣ˱ӻ
ˣ޴𣿡
Ϸʡ


233 ֮



ĵ 
Ϸعһ,Ӷڳɲģ;ǵ֮Ƕ˼ҵͻ͵֮ʣɾֻӵˡ
˼ҵвŭ,һŭ֮,ʷľս
ʷһĸŭ˸Σ岻,ĸָĲζʲǸΪģŮҲж,Ҳ,ܹͬųЦ
ڳлв鲻õĴ,ֻҪ,ҲͲ檵ºܹˡ
ʷؽͣĸ,ҲͣѵἵʹвŸɣǵǹ̫аٳٳȻϾ,,ǰ׸ٳģһٳߵҵĸ߹,ֻҪԸӣܱȫˡв,ܺǰա
Ϸŭ,ϾʮĶ,޺޵ĴӼһ,˵,Щ,ܾƫͲ̧ͷءԼ˵ģٳˡڴ˸ٳ֮£Ĺâ׶Уĩ㲻ֻٳҪǿϣһ举ˣƾԼһ΢ĩұ𣿡
ʷҡͷҴӲĸס
ѵͬĵҶڹٳƴƴǿԹƴǿ˵ĸٳ֮£㶼ǹĶֻ֣˵һ£ǿ
ϷŭĿԲٳܿԶߣǱٳɵ˵ġ㣬ʷ̫ٸߣͬȥģʷ̫ôͲһ㣬˵ûꣿ
ʷҿʷ̫ûüڣͽйµûˡ
ǲá˵ʤܣܣαʧȡϷ֣¼ʹңӦҲʹʷ̫ĳ㡣
ʷĸ׵ǡдˡ䡯֣ʷ̫̫
Ϸ˴Ц
ʷľŭ˸βãϲġϷ˲ЩƴЦĶӵļ磬˵
ʷŴӵĸߵ
ϷģĳüʮĶӣֲܲɵСӣ˵ۼҴҲǸ߹֮ŮڼҺαҪѧҹ£ͳԳԺȺ񲻺ãҿⰮµԺˣ˵ҲҵġΪʲô֣ΪҲļңĸĸԼļңԼĵˡ
Ϸ˵Ժޣ޵˳죬ۼҾͶһס㡢ӡӡҡϱǶһˡദĺãԺܻﻥ˴˶۰ŮΪĺôҸϱຢӣǼ˺֮ܽãżվסšĶôϲ⣬Ѻӽ̵ЩԺ𣿻᲻ᱻ۸
ҽıģŮһסԼ壬ŮȴҪ޵˼ҡ߸ϣߴʤΪλǺôҽдҶʷϵЩ£˵ʵһ㶼м鳼
ԼϵһĶֵضûܺã͸ҶԹָֹ㣬ʲôԽִ֪磡
Ϸ˲ѣһ̾Ͱѷʷ̳亹ķʷͷ̧
Ϸʣ˵⻰
ʷ˵ĸܸҴӽ޶ۣӶһ룬ͨġ
Ǹö룬Ұǻ̫ãԵ٣֪ͨ˵ļࡣϷ˵ҴδԸ߹֮ĸΪ٣ΨԸһ֪񼲿Ϊĺùٵĸס
ʷۿһȣʱʱĸ״ѵ
ˣˣҲȥϢɡҼͣ͵ȥлҵü£Ҳܸ˵˵
ڶ죬Ϸ˾ϱŮķ½ȥˡ
ڽٟRҪĸԿγ̾ͣˡϷʱٟRٹٟRʷĳŮͦ죬û뵽˵Ϸ˸ӱȷʷȤٱ
ٟR˵Ϸ˲Ϊ٣ҿȷʷ׶ˡ
ϷЦӸߴСЩֱҪ벻ͨǴ治סģȫ˵ڣһôһתɻоӸߣʷ֡
ٟRֱЦʷϷƽʱǴϷ˺ǫ飬û飬Ӹ۶Ȣ޺󣬼ҲҲģҾѧ˼֡۾ղɣпվôҶϵС¡´µġҴҲôһһˣдãûбˡһڼʮ֮Ǵ
ٟR˵ЩˣԵ󡣹ӵİӣҾŮŮӺӣڿҿҵģȻһݹ
Ϸ̾Ӹ˵ҵ䣬ҪǸڣҲôࡣǰǲףȫһйȻŲ񡣡
ٟRҲϧλ˼ҵĲף˷ʷϷϲʲôϷЩɬϱТ˳Ҳʵ˸ⲻʵ˵˼ЦңҾʵ˵ˣⱲӣԵĲͰ
Ҳϲ½һ̣Ĳˣ
Ϸδϵһ举ˣʳϸϬͨæʣ˵ǲɽ̣
ԶԶԣǼңرóԣͷͼִ࣬ͷ˴ڣҧһڣ꣬ðٟ͡RĵãǲܳԿ죬Կ졣
ԶԣССڣʱְ಻סԽԽԡ

ǣ˶γչһۡJ
˶ûϵ˾޴žȻܸ˵ɿֵŮ˵ˬʣܺദ
ȻٟRϷ˶ҾͳԵ
ϻصңϷ˲п̩ɽ֪ɽ֮ߣϪ֪֮񣬲֪Ϊ֮Σ


234 ֮



ĵڶ 
Ϸ˽л,ʷ˽»Щģ˵رԸģѧʿʧ,㱻˵۶
,ƽʱ˳һʮ밲нġ
˹,͵ĸǣۡ
ʷǲѵûؼңĸԺǻ,üɫ˵,ǰѷʷȵĲ֪ҪηӦˡ
Ϸ˵,ɽ,ȥĶʳͣĶ뵽ȻҲҵӻ뱲,벻ܸ³һȥϲɶһ˵йЦġ
ôءʷһ,,˭أѵ͸߼ˡ˵ˡȻǰѧʿ۶,ʷʼΪǻᳰЦѵˡ
Ϸʮֻϲ,Ҳ˵,ֻǴҴҼһ,빫̸Ǵ˵û,ˬ,Ҳֿܳ
,ȻˡһϷʱ򣬸ôôӲѹˣǶ
ʷӹŮһԹӵģ룬һ˹Ͷй˰
ҶͦˣʷҲԼŸǣֻһͬ˵Цȥ
Ǹлĸġ
ϷƳһۣӰܸ治ԩ˵Ǿͷ˵ʵ˵Ǿǣ˭ôҸɰ
٣ܲܳ£˵ϼ仰֪ţ
ٟRܳʱϷһңţǶԷϷ˺ϲͦæģڵĹΧѾԼ滨ԺˣĸѾٹĹ̸
ɶˣٟRĵĸСƵģææٟRĻ˵Ǽֱûеʱ
Ϊˣɵۻ˲˹ŮٺйŮ±̫ۣû¶ಹ
ٟRʾڹ˾ЪЪʣȥ꣬ɵöഩ㣬šȻŽΡٹܹܡʸߵĴˣѿɱˣ¯ɱˣ̿ɱˣļ
ͦ͹ǵСģͱˡ
ɵǿ̲ЦÿٟRԽȫˣˡ
ǣٟR͸ˡ
ٟRôܵߵ߷ֵˣ֣̫֣ʺࡣæµĸ߷壬Ҳǹæµĸ߷壬ԱæԱǾҪ밲
Ʒھ֣̫֣ʺ㶼ٟRˡ
ЩھƽʱҲֻƫĸͷ̫󡢻ʺš
Щˣڵ۶Ҳеȹٽˡ
ŮٽӴ껻˵٣ֻҪϢͨģù¶ô̫ʺϲ
ֲУⲻȸŮٴ򽻵һǧô
һЩʱ˵ЦҹŮ̫ʺ󲻵УͽٟRٟRʱ٣ԽԽ췢չң˭ĵ
֣̫֣ʺ󣬾ٟRȱǻֶۣ׽ܵıǶŮĽ黭徭Ϸģ֪һЩ
Ϸ½ֵֶǻͻҲ
ٟR޴ϰ
һ˲ı졣
ȻٟRȫʲô˲Ͱ
ٟR𵣴Ʒھͷһ֪ܼµĽ棬Ȼ̫ҲйһݶǷһġ
ͷ֪ܼ׷׽񵥶׸¡
ٟRյģЦеġ
ٟRһھɷĹְ֪ʲôĹ٣ͻ˳ϼ䣬ĳĳ˽ʹææʲôҪʲôΪѵ¶ֻܸңҸʡĸ˵
һ»ܴ
䶼ù´;Ÿ׽Ӵ߯áЩ֪ģͳ䣬æϺڲŻÿ궼Ҳˡ
Щ֪ģ˵ڻһˣɲæĽŲմء
ڳʵְġ
о˼ҵķˣٹǹģͶٟRˡЩ˼Ҷϴ˻ɣ˾ûɶϢھλ׹ʾɣҲġ
Щ˸ҽ϶йͣ񣬱ȽϸҿڡؼܸԿ䣬ҿʫĲƽʱҲдãҲá
ٟRʣǲҺҪʹ
ҲңţΪ͢ЧģҪǵ¿ǿɿʹǹǣ׹ţҲǵ档
ٟR˵ÿڹ飬ǣ׹Ҳġ㣬ʵʵıȱȱ
Ķ䣬¶䣬ʲôظ¸м
ٟRͬ˾˵һ裬ǽҵ¡
ٟRûвӣλ˳겻ԣ治ŵϽȵΣƹȸ󽫾Ĳʹ
ٟRԽ˵ǲˣ׿ˣҸӡ˵ǰͷԼ˵ģҺҲеҲеãֻҪ˵㣬زûĲŸɡҪǸ˵ѣţʲô롣
æ˵ٲҵġ·ģ̵ͷǼĵġ
Уȥɣ꿪Կ
л˺󼱺ؼңŶȥˡ¶ᣬɲܴ
Що˼ңһӱȹ顣̸͸µȻ֪˭˭ѧģףع꽫ͿʼԼҺӣǸ˫ȫĹ
ٟRͳһظУؼҺú׼ɡȻ¸÷䣬Լ÷˶Զӵ֮ʡ
͢ʷϢͨʷ̵֪Ҫѫӵܵ£طʷûֱ㶵ӣȥɵۣ˵£ţѫ֮Ҷ֪ˡ£ʹôһ£ΪҪѫӵܣУ֮أǲҪٸְɲС¡
ɵۻ治֪£ÿȥٹ趨ʡûŮ˵
ŮⲻɶҪ¡
ɵ۵֪°ɡ
ɵ۰ٹţٟR£ٟR˵ܶھ˵Һ˫ȫʫõ˲ã书ҲѧĺܺãûʹֻڼҸСͳǵȻôûʹɣֺвѧˣⲻ˷ôͳˣͽʡĸ׼һԣɸѡ֮ˡ
ɵЩ֣ô˵
ҲûġٟR˵ʣ¶ô
ǲãֻǸϵ󡣡ɵۿŮСЩҲеģʣҪοУ
ܼ򵥰񲿳⣬һ׶ԱȽʿԣڶ׶ԱȾԣ׶ԱԡǿġĻñ⣬ͬסһӾܿǵʲôε˲ţʹв߱䡣
ɵ˵Ҫпƾٵı죬øеôʱҹŮֱţʱ־ţզô棡
˵䲻ҪΪβμӿƾأ
ɵ۽һ
ٟR˵ûϵһв׺飬׬ˣܶµġǿĶۣҲǶԼҪɲţҲܰǡҪû˼ͽŻؼҴȥ¡ܹҲǻѽ
Ŀ࣬ҪһõĶûС
ǾһáٟRˬ˵ȻЩʮꡢʮԿJ
ɵۿĸףô죬һã᲻ѫ
֣̫󲻼죬ҿ£˭޵˭ɡ
ٟRϵĿˣⲻðɣһ븸ʡֳ棬лĸԵƣ
ɵ඼ʾǾͲˡRԼУ
ɵûѻ˵Ҫһ书пɵģҪߣܹһصģ˸ңټǡ
ðɺðɡٟR˲μĿԴƣߺǲ϶ڵģ˺ö෨ӣ˼ˡ
ɵۺЦȳѡѡˣȥ󡣡
ٟR֣æ˵Ҳ˼
ٟRǵźȥɡʣɵ֪һʱҪñԵ⡣
һ֪ᡣԸ֪飬ʲôԸֻܸ
С
¼ȹ·֪ˡйԱڹҪУѫӵܱʾ¡²μӿ֮£ҲͲˡ
Щįѫ֮Щʧ䣬ڣҪɵ֣̫ǰ˵ϻҲٟRͷϡ
¿ϸᣬȥײײ˵ģ͵ȥײײģ
һأ


235 ֮



ĵڶ 
,æĽŲմأ۶ӡ
СӼСС,ֻ۱ֻˡȻ۳µ,Ըȥҹ˵ʷ̨󶼷ʷ,ȥԿ
ˣⲻʹˡ
ͣͣɡ
֣ŵ,ҲԸٟRһ,׸µ񡣡
˾ǰӹ,ٟRЦе˵,簢Ҳ̫ˡҲ׼˸ǵ
֣|֣ʣ,ǵû
Ȼѵһ˱ˣٟR˵һ׼һ,һǴȥ
лٟR
˵˵ѫӵܿУ,֣˵ѧͬ˵Ҳ,
ٟR˵ܡڹѧͳɼͦ,ٴЩ,ȥ򱱾ְ,αأ
֣˵,ȻΪڹǰ¶¶
ٟR˵,ʶ,ҪңҲˡ
֣Ц˼ǣѫӵܶڵǰչš
ԭٟRͦˣҶְû£ԸμӾͲμӡ
֣˵Ҫٰ죬ҸҸҲһμӡ
ôٟR⡣
֣˵ĿһۣٟR˵괺ůȥɱ֡
֣|곤Щ˵֣أɱüս£ԺҪ佫ģѧѧ˱飬չҪУưˣǾȥɱܰæġ
ٟR룬ã̫ˡȥҲã˵ڲһСҲܳڡǱ߶֮ˣҲ˵Ķ֡
֣֣̫ͣԴӶȥɱҿͲľСɱ̫ˣ·ԶС꿪ǹȥҲ
֣̫ͷ
֣ʺ˵ҲߣҲůЩ
֣Ӧǡ
֣ٟR˵£ɶ˵ҼȥɶҼҲӵһ䷶Χ̫󣬴Ҷ֪ô׼
ٟR˵Ҳ׼ĵľž˽ʿ׼ľʿˡ
֣ľЩͿǾŻǾ˻ǽʿ
㣬Ҷˣˮ׼Ҳвβ룬Բ䣬ҪȻԳˮ׼ˡ
֣ûƾ٣ҲףǴǶҲΪ֣˵⿼Կɲס
ȻˡٟR˵ɳӸһ𣬵ùɸ֪˭ɳ˭ǽӰ
ٟRܴ󷽣㣬ʵǺˡΪ͢ѡ˲ţɲǺŪ¶ġ
֣ЦſٟRҶ֪ôЩ⡣
⻹򵥣èǹѧйӼࡢǿżġ
ҶţٟRżĸߣҲǺá
Ҳܿҹ±ѯʹ³¡Ǹʮ꣬һЦ꣬òúҲܺԲڵġ
̹µķԸٟR˵ǰʮ꣬ѵ۶š١ʿĿⶼңȻٸҸµľСǵñܣһй¶Ҿ㣬ɵġ
֣ɲҡһã¡ʣʲôʱҪ
ⲻ¹Ҳæ곯͢һӡˣѳҾСǰҡ
ȥվͽ¡
ٟRͦ⣬Уôšѡһ֮ˣ㵱׹
ңҡǵ·Ըӡ
鿴ûԵķԸ¡
ҲǰѫӵܿУ֮£ٟR˵ˡһӦ£סʱ࿼ľ£һΪ°źá
ʦҵġٟRʦϵãҲļٹ˽ʦʰʹͣǸʦġ
±ͲѡֻǵµһγĴ£δ˼ǲܡ
ٟRüһ⻰ô˵ü죬ͦȫİ
֪ѫԸǸУĻᡣ⻰ᣬڸµ˽ͶѣǲƳԡЦɫڵ۶ûʹֹѫɢӵܡҲ֪жˣǳҽ֧øʹҲǼ׵ġݣӣƫֱһ㣬޿ɰã㶼ţЩӡ
ҪУѫڵ۶ɢƽأһҪͷĻᡣŰɣ˸죬Ҿ͵¶ģ˱ˡ
ٟRЩ£ңû˵Ҳ뿼԰
𼱣ҿղ˵ձصֻһЦɶЦһۣԼ뷨Ӱɣȸˡ


236 ֮



ĵڶ 
ٟR˵,ӵҪԸһһҲûɶʮǿҲǿ,һ׾,޷ǾЩˡ
Ҳһġ
ʦ,»ԵԵʡ
ʦҲǰŪ飬ɶ²ϲһ˵,ԵƵġ
ǵ,Ȼ֪Ҳ뿼,ô˵һ
ð,ûʦ
ٟRĥһӣ̫æ,û·ϡ
ҵ۫۫Ҳ˵ٟRҪУѫӵܣڵ۶Ҳҵ,ϣһμӿϡ
ﺢӳɲɵ,棬һ˵ԵҲǸ֡ǲ,Ҳûɶ
۫һ¡ǿУҲǸ¿У,ڴ¸ǰ¶,ʲô,ԭǹٹԽ
,۫Ƚɵ,˵ѫӵ,ǷҲôһͬӵܣҲӵܵı졣
ɵ۵Щ޷û¼ϲʹӵܣӵҲμӿϣ˾Ͷˣȥһæȥ֡
۫ԥʮȰѵڹ빫϶⻰˵ˣ湫״Ƶģ۫ûᣬѰȥˡ
۫˵Ǹ׵˼۫ȥͳԸμӿϵӵܵٹʱ˵ӵһμӵ˼
ٟR֪۫ȥһģţ֪۫ҹѫӵܵ£ƫȥһ֣Ȼָ
Ҳ룬Ҹͬãһǧ
С۶
ŸûУС۶һһѵġ
ٟRؿûƽֳ۫˵۫ʱ޷Ƕӡžӡǵʱʱɵܹһ
ЦһҰ󡣡
Եø磡ٟRֳ˵ˣʱѵµǰĹ㳡ϣ˾ʰ쵵ĴɡһһųΣͷͿǿѡҶˣԵģʽĵǰ٣ɤã
һ뵽ðŵʰ쵴ɡЩ˼æҲ̫ųˡ
͵磡ٟR֡
ɵڱ߶ֱЦ˵Уʱõǰٹȥ֧Ӧ
ҪǸҲһ͸ˣҸŪ˫ɡ𲭣һÿġ
òãͲˡɵԾò˫ƽɡ
֣̫ЦǺţѡһõģҲΪ͢
Ӧˡ
ѫ󣬻ڹŮӵֺʡʱ˶Ůһ칫˲ѡҪӦһ
ٟRͷ·˻Ķɵӣʵϵ˵ĸģһϸҪ󡣡
һοĸĸİɣ˵ĸ˾˽̵ӵϣʱϣҲҪ񲿱оѵĸ¾˼ӵ־죿
̾˵ˣ֣ⶼˣҲֻ˰Ʒ
ԱǨˣǨ˳죬ƷɼֲʹĺãȻء
ҲֻǸƷС١
ٟRҸֳӣҲǴƷġ
֣ȸأǸѲǹ١˵ֶӣۣ֣Ҳ׿ѧ
ٟR˵Ϊβأ
ۣùֻǵճӣʲô
ٟR±Ƚʵ˵ھλûӰͲٶ˹ļӣҪ뿼һֺη
˵Ǳ־͵жϹְ˼п
ǡǿȡ״ԪڹٲƷⲻԽԽô˵ѫңƶѧ롣һ߼
ٟRδ㻹ԹʲôѽҪѲǵĹٶãʲôٶã
ţɣѲá
ɴ۾ĸ˵ʲôأ鸱֣Ѳһʡ֮ףĶδʮ;Ѳλģ
һҲףЦҾôһ˵ֺõ˼㲻֪ġ
ĸЩǮְ֮£ĸײ˵ȥĸָԼĹ٣һĸ⻰˵ǿġ
Ц֪֪ˡչЩ
˽úãҲûǡãԼûʲôչˡ
ֺǣٟR·Ͼ̲ס磬˵ãĸģһ붼ҡ
໹˵ãĸ˼ң٣ʶҲͰˡǲ˵ĸĲǡ
û˵ѽǿġٟRһ࣬ЦͷҶÿס
һͬҶ䣬ӵܡʵȱʵʱѫӵܶҪѡҾմϵĹ⣬ǰɣŪʵȱһѫȨգ׿⣬ŪɵйҲ鷳
˵ı죬Ҳûˡ
Ȼ͢ϣͷģȻҪʼ׼
չﻹ̽˻ٟRĿڷ磬Һüֵܣ֣֧ӵ˵ٻӵμӣҲԱеڹѧ飬еڼҶ飬֪Ŷ׼׼ţʣһȥǸ׼ǰ׼һ
ٟR룬ѡ˲ŵĺ£һӣʡùԱ˵Һͻƫģ׼ѫӵܲμӣҲӵܲμӣȻҲ׼ٻӵܲο
׼ˡ
չﺬЦ飬ˣºβͣһЩ֪˼ңʦ֣ء
ٟRһ룬Ҳɡ󣬾ͷ͡
չΪ°ݼٻؼңٺңҲһֱǹҵµ£ּһ⣬¿׼ο˵ȡԼּ¡
ٟRӹԾ˵ⶼˣһ濴չּ
չǫһЦҸͬͬסЩ֪꣬ɰٴظٻӵ䣬ȻҪΪ·ǡ
ٟRչĲ˵൱Ժдگһǳɣųһֲġ
ٟRѵʾڸּչġ
ٟRЦޣԺҿʱһĺá
չɲҵּҪͳõģ븸׿
ţ
ٟRԼԿԵһЩƻչˣ֪æչﲢδţ£չ˳ȥˡ
ܽʸ׼ŶռɩţûװѴ͹ڹǰ˵ϻˣ¶Ҳɴ䣬ȻǼδ


237 ֮



ĵڶ 
,ಢԡ
ţĶЩ۶˽üﺢӱŬ,,ҪѫɱƬײҲλ¿ʲôвʲô㣡
ѫЩò׼,ۼҺҪ,²ӵĶְ
ѫҽٟR߶߶,,ֲǿ,ۿѪͳİ
ԭһٟRӦµС£ôѩƵԽԽ,һ
ǣͰٹԲߡ
,ѫҡٻ֮,ܿ콫Կϡһ࣬ʮһ,곤ʮġ
عԱϢͨź,ԼӵҲοġ
⻹Ҫ,ҪطϢǲ,ҪԼӵ,ϣ۶μӿԡ
ɵ۲Щ,һ̧ȥ,˼ʮ⣬ͷͣŶǣߵģһһ
ٟRЩ˵ǣ㿴дģģϵڶڰ͵ŵ۶ڷġ
೤̾һҲμӣڱҪӺµӣǶġҪίһң͢ԴԶһ·ϵʳޣ۶ԣҪˢˣԭ·ȥ
ûȻȥٹ밲һʣѡ˲ţѡγЩ˲ţΰã
͢ûôλӡ
֣̫ƸʼٸߣǰఢRڹܣȥɣ
һöˣҲѰ˼£ԭٟRͷͿϸѫӵܣгߣﶼȥ
۳ģ濼˼вţҲá
Ҫ˵ôţ໹ûá
Ҳͦ⣬ʼƣ£ˡã뷨ӣҸΪ·
ٟR̯ԽԽ󣬲Ūˡ
ࣺԭҲ֪
ԭֻ뿼ѫסٻӵܶѫӵٵģٻӵǴͷ˵صһ·ѱ㲻СǶƻϾҪλ밲ˡ
ٟRΪּ಻Ҳ
ǵĵǶ̫Ź밲ϸµ¶еļᶨң¼ڲǧˣǧ࣬ȥʮ£ʮϵģʢҲǧƽʱδگ뷪أһҪ۶ԣһȵĴǶҪοĹٻҲ٣͢ڲԱ࣬ЩжӵܣһҲʮڡЩҪ۶ԣöǴ¡
һʮ֣д˸ٟRնͽּڵ۶ͷȲǡ
лǰԭֻѫ󣬲̫뿼ͿЩοһ꣬ϸµĹҲûŪáҴ²ɶֻһԡοԾ£صҹԱӵܣҲȿ۶ġ
ģԺ±Ҫ˼飬ʩ
񣬡Ӣϡ
ˣһѸС˵࣬ϳıȫ
ٟRҲţ»ǺϸµģȻһһյӦˣЩǮС£Ҫˡ
ԭʦ˵鷳
ٟRĹĵģʦȻ˵ЩյȥˡٟRģͰʦԹһأ඼֪ңʦµȻ˵ף
ҡһҡȣ⻹˵ףһ͸֪͢ѡٶ߿ƾٵġż͢ӶҲǼӶƣû˵ֱӳѫӵܵġ
Ҿǲ˵ѵ벻б죬ƾٿʡõ²¼ʰţ
һϣӱԹȥ
ٟR˵նˡ
Цġ಻ͱƴֽҲס
ٟR룬ĻҲЩ˵ֻо۶ǣƾٸĻƣ·ϲſסվЩûģѵҲվ
ⲻǲܵġĸٶĲܸԼӵܿ㣬Ӧ¹ȻסˡΪٟRеè壬˵ףõһǳ͢
ٟR΢УٻӵܻãǱϾָﶼŵڡֻҲģ˶һڷأҲͦġ
£вŸɵ˲ԶûֻǲأһԿƾ١κˣԿƾ١ʰ֮Ǻ£ҲҪֹעЩɸȥˣдѿʮ귽ո¶ͷǵˣϣõµ
ٟR˵Ķʦ۹ģɸ߰ˣԸҶ
ˡ
ΪΣ
µ£ʰţҳ١
ٟRЦôܣ
Ҳ̲סЦƾ׵Ľ·ٰܾ쿼ԣڿƾѡ˲ϣ³ΪԣŻԳֹҲڵ档
ΪΣ
Ϊ׸ϸᣬת䲻̫죬룬ԣҪᣬҲҪ
ұҲųС۶Զ
΢ЦǾͺá
ҪûأٟRϲ顣
ֻܾ£ǸˣҲɡ
ϣá΢ˡ


238 ֮һ



ĵڶ 
˴οϷΧڵ۶,ൣǻؾסعԱģؾʷתЩ
ٟRѾĿϣĶ,ɵúš
ڻؾתת,ٟRʷһ,񡣾ˡ
ʧЦô,Ҫ¿ġ
øǆ,ǲġٟR˵,ô,ԻãͷԱصڷų,ȻҪ˶ġJ
룬ҹԺ輸Ӱɡ
ٟRҲ˼Ҹʦ˵
ѫԼҪοĹٻӵܶĿû´,ٟR鰲ź,Ԫ֮ʦһȥȸֿơ
쵱ϻҪӰ࣬ڳʮ,µĶӦʩڣʷ̫Ҳϣܵµ롣
ٟR˵,ʷ̫϶ʷ,ȥ,ʦû,Ҿ㲹Ԫڰɡ
оԼ
,շگμӹ,ԪڣҲڣѵˣ
ǵûСڹôһأٟR飬ʦôŲ˵ӣ
鳭֣ԭһԾµģ·ǽг
ٟR˵ʦеûƷζһԪڣڼҺȡֺá
˾Ƴ顣
Цǳ³֥ԲƷζһ
лڶģҲϲԻԲ
ðɺðɡ
ٟRԪӣȻ㻤СѱٟRľḻ˶ൽеĵƻϣҲаŵ׵ȫ룬ȻŮٹˣǻ
ٟRȥӮ˺üգ³һ˼һյƣӮĿɴˡʦһյʦŻƿһ϶ãٟRһСװãһЦ
ʵЩղѣٟRӮͲӮˣҪȽϲֵķΧһյСһյٟRڷֻƣ˽Rãư
ٟRЩ죬̧ͷ֣һˣٟRæкǹҲơ
üû۶ƻˡ֣|˵û뵽ճˡ
ٟRкüյƣһһյҸӮġ
Rã֣ŻƣٟRѣҲÿӦ㿴ϻôչʾԼǶŰͭͷ硣
ÿôģҲ߾ָôһ
֣СٟR˾Ϻ˵ɿȥ
һ磬֣Ҳ˸ء
ǳԷûҴȥԵԲ˵кóԵԲ
ҲԲš
ãһ𡣡
ٟRʵͷԵС̯ϳԣҲܣҲ˵СЩ̯ҲЩˡ
Ԥ¾°䣬ŵľĿˡ
Բ黹ͷһЩ嵭СˡٟRԲͷ֣ôһе˼ûС
֣˵ⲻʮ˾ǿԵôҶڼģĶܳư
ٟR֣|֣룬ǲҲҪôڼҲΡ
֣|ƽʱۣƽʱǴӲиҲüֱӿˡ
֣˵ʵҲﲻáֵİ磬ƻˣܳˣùӴ˻ȥ
ٟRЦҲ
Ǿǡ֣ͷп鿾۾
֣˵ʫģҲ书ҿľ죬뵽Ӫ˾ıʹ˵棬ıĲʹҲȥ
ٟRӪ˾Ͳ棬˵ʥ˶˵ʩ̣Ӫ˾ôˣӪ˾ҲƷڹӪ˾ľ޽֮£á
֣ҪΪ٣ֻӪ֮±ϲԱ񡣡
Ǿȥ֮¡
֣ϣɡ˸䣬Ҳ츳һó֮£δ
ѽٟRͬе۶ˡ
鿴֣һۣѫһˡ


239 ֮Ķ



ĵڶ 
Ԫ,ǵ۶ѫ׹ٻӵܿϵӡ
Ŀ䶼ԣԸģǡ
Ȼ,Ҫӵġ
ٟR,ΪǶ񲿡ٟRĻ˵,ܲôҰࡣοӡƿſ,׼εȽ
ǹ,һλʮ
յĻ͡
ȡʱ֧,쿼,Ϊϡ
ⱨѣٟRһӡJ
ֲ˼,üҪգһӲݵĲֻܴӦˡ
Ŀǰ,俼ں
Ŀ,俼졣
ĿڹԺΪʾ֣أٟRȥѲ,춼ȥˡˣҲѲ졣
Ͼ,Ŀ񲿸,ӹ,λȻҲҪڳ
봺ǲͬ,Ա,Ӧֻϳ,繱ԺṩĲʳվ١
վ󼴿ɻؼңڶ죬׾ӿꡣ
Ŀ󣬱ԡ
ҲԵݣƫ򵥣ҪĬд飬Ҳ׳Ƶ̸ֽαͷ䣬ͼµĿԡ
ҲԲӣ׼żء
ֻأܲμӲ䡣
вˣֱӻؼˡ
ǰʮżɼμѡΣ뵽»ڡ
·һΪְ˸ʮʮС
Ϊ赶Ϊ80100120ѡһҪˣʲôǰһС
Ϊʯ200250300ѡһʹʯһߣͨ
ԾѲٟR׽˹䳡ԡ
ȻһˣСǶˣмƽ󳤹˳᳤λԲڵˣȸĳ󽫾İ״󽫾ԼҴ۫
ҲŰǵˡ
ٟRƻǰ㣬һһʰ쵵Ĵɡں츤Уǽһ֡
۫ԼǰİϰڵĹϹ㣬²ۣǿԣǲ軰ᰡ
һСѾͷߴߴġ
ٟRȻվһվ˼ƽ󳤹˳᳤۫⣬վˡ
ٟRߵм˵ɻĸ͸ʶ䣬֪Ǹвӵܣʶִ˴οԣΪʰŲڡͽܡ俼ӣֹ˵䡣
ƳãⲻʱϷô
ǻӣߴ棬治ɶҲȥٟRͬ˵ѵãҼˣĿԡвžչԺΪ͢ЧΪ¾ҡ
۫ףǴ£⻰˵Ķ׵
˵ٟ꣬RٟRԵǰһͷǰһ㺰֣
俼ʽʼ
Ծ׼֣̫ҽԺ̫ҽСͽܱŽҩڱ߶Ϻţ俼ʱпˡ
˵ĿУǣ˵ķʽ治档
һдˤģٟRĿɿڴȦżżаӣء
ô򵥵£Ȼܴˤ
ԵЩǾ˾ѵģǸԱ߷Сޣᾪξˤ
ѵûٲţ̧
ֱͺˣٟRȽֱӣпҲ̫˰ɡ
׹ˬ͵ģٟR⻰ֱЦӱ˵Ҳѧġ
ٟRö಻а
&amp;󽫾&amp;״󽫾Ǹֱˬˡ
ЩԺЩģ޷Ǿ䲻ŰӣڲˤԭٟRţżô򵥣㶼ܹܹĵٮٮߡ
ȻҲĿߣƶƯһȥŹƯС
ٟRžһĲ輸һǲв䣡
ֱһɤӺģûˤҴ칭һ
ɫҲܲÿȰãϢŭϢŭ
&amp;׶λ󽫾Ƣе㱩
ٟRתͷ˾˵ҰСӵּ
СӾżģأԲμӲˡ
翼磬ֻһܲμӲ䡣
ٟRĸ¿ˮһģ֪ʲôܰ˹һȦ֧£ˢˡ
ӲʹģĸȸһӭŷϹ䣬Ҳ֪俼ڿ
ɵϵǲĶࡣ˵ЩġȰãοදŭҲֵ
һطʹڻ𡣻㲻ڻ𣿡
汾µıʵȱȥˣʣµЩġԣǣ괺ǣǳ͢ղŴ䡣
֣̫΢΢ס
ٟRҿһᣬп֮Ҳȥá
Щһһȳĵģ֣|ֵ֣ܵٮٮڵĻгҵꡣЩͶСԺȻҲʹ
䣬ˢ˶ʮˣʣʮ˲μӵļ¡赶ɡʯ߾ͲҪμˣδɣͷŽʵ俼ĳҲûܱ200ʯ̵ġ
ѡεģҲʮˡ
ٳٲصģʣʮˡ
˵俼ЦϰٳɣĿǿĶࡣ
ĿǿٟRԼ˵ԺǵĹҾǸɵӣ֪дţģ֪иҴôģ
Ҳ˵ǲÿˮ׼ģǷëǡ
ëˡٟRֱӷͨԣתʣԼԴΣ
֣֣˵֣Ȳ಻䣬֮¡ʶٟRмһԼԣóʲôдʲô࣬䡣
񲿶˾Ͳˣ˽ࡢӪ˾䱸Ժ̫£˰ſˣдҲмġ
˵ţ
⼸Ǹģýģϲģаӵģһˣǿġ
һˣϲƥҽ
˵̫˼ƥû͸˸߰˰ˡ̫˵Ǹ֡
ΪشˣٟRôһˣʤˡ
˲ûٟR˵ſ˳ǽ֧ӵܡ
Щϧ˵ʱѲ⺢ӳͲ棬û飬һֱɼһλŹѵĹĸֶסڱԺٻص۶ȥˣ徭ͨ볣졣ׯ׽Եʻôҽı졣
̫ϲˡ
ٟRҪҸȥ


240 ֮



ĵڶһ 
ٟRҲټλĹ,Σһ֡
ȡʵʵ
֮,Щͨ
òͨ,̸Ҳһ㣬ٟRʱ־н,Ҳ˵١Ī˵ٟRƽɷ飬˷ʷ̫,ѰߵĹҲԸиص,,,˵ûвȫġ
θιӣͨ
࿴,˵ģһ˵˵ĽĹӡ
ٟRҲЩͨˣ,ʦ۹,Ƴιӣθֲڵ˫ϣɫ˵,˵ܶҲмƥ,,ҿ
ٟR,ιӵԼСУ
չＸ뽪档
һ,ٟR֪,˼ҿֻǶûȤιһٟR,̾ͽƥĲ˵˳Ǵİƥãã۸Ҳ̼Ҫɽ·ʵõƥСģʵͺ˵Сʵĺȡ
ƥɽͷƫС۾ִͷߣ֫׳
ǲԭԭϵĲƥɫȲԭҪ׳

ιͷͷǵ˶ᷢ⣬˳Сʳ⡣
ٟR棬ôѧҽ
ιԼרҵţҲˣ˵ҴСϲżҹ趮һҽϸĵĹ۲ҳԭٶ֢ҩѧҲͶһҽİ취ѧġׯϵڹܣʱϵҲȥǵ
㿴̫µٟRеϲιˣ±˱ιȥ̫¿
ι˵ȥѽһرµ̫¾ȥι̫½ĺܺã̫ˣӦöȥһܡ
չͷһؼô˵ġ
ٟR⣬˵̫µ۶ûĵطʵð⡣
ιͬ
ٟRιӽһƥĲ֢עιӽʱֻһС롣ٟRɴţұ߳Աġ
ٟRǻ죬ɵϣֻ˵ԭֽ
Ȼιӱ˵ȻŴΪٟRԭ
Ĳ죬ǳ󷹲˶ˣֻٻ²ˡٟRϲιӣҲʵɵ˳øУչû׷ѣĲŸɣصиĿռ䣬뵱ʲôʹֻܸ˵
ιӺ̹ʣҲɲ˱ģҿãͳɡ
ٟRɱιӻʱĸ׽ιӵĲŸɣҲ˵ι˲ѵá˵ϱԼģ¶ޱȾͨʹôٶô棬ιӲһι˵ɲ˱ģ
Ǹʵںʵɵˡ
ɵЦǱȥǾܽãҲǴһ
֣̫ȽҲֹ˵¤ֽġҿƽƽθȥ¤Ⱥ֮¡
ɵ۵ͷǱ̫ة¤Ⱥ
֣̫ͬ⡣
ٟRЩǣҿιһͨ
֣̫Ц㲻صġֲûˣȻЩϳɼ˸Ϊı
ɵ˵Ůѡ˲ûеõģֻܸĸ
кüҺͻּǣٸĸ˵
ɵҲˡ֣֧֣ϲ죬ȥӪ˾С١аģܳɵġǿģȥɡǰεģ˾𵱲
ǿҲˡ
ʹõľǽθֱӴƷ̫ة¤Ⱥˣ˵¤Զ۶࣬ȴʵʵʵȱ
ʮ俼صģЩҹأʶ֣۱ȸû⡣
ٟRλ󽫾һ˵޶ֲǸЩı٣Ƚȥðš
ٟRĺ⣬û˿ȥ
иɣ˵вģµġ
ٟR˵ȥȥǰˡ
㱾£ʲôʹɡ
ȻٟRеС۶˲ȥԣˣĿȸСӣĲȥ
ٟR룬ҽ
ٟRˣʱ˵һó󽫾úõ.Сӣʲôʹʲôʹۣȫϡ
˾Ƕ˽ٟRȰ˵ƹƼƵĳӣ䲻أ²ؿƼô
ٟR󾪣ȸȻƼƵĶӣƼƲǴӶȥô
ڵ۶顣
ٟRоˣƼô˹ôº͵ˣôӳȸ
˾ЦӶ鲻Фġ
ٟR˾׶ӣ˾ָƹӵһ֣俼Ҽֵģ»ǲǵã
ţһпպúʰʰСӡٟRƳδǣ׼ԡ
ٟR˵ⲻôȻҪţȥμʲô俼
ˣƼƵϡ
밲ٟR֪׽̲ס²ۣƼƵĳӸʵڰ񡣡
˵λ֣ҲԾΣ׾볣˲ͬ˵ˣҲѸġûģڵǰ֣Ϊ俼ʮӡ
ٟR
ôʲôǹ򻹲书ЩҿҪæųĸ׼Щ
ڳڣʵ쿪ĴΡһɤӡӺú䣡ָʱɶζɢˡ
ٟRʣΣ
ǰû⡣
ٟRôţ
ͷһ˵ģ


241 ֮



ĵڶĶ 
Ƽ,ٟRûټƽϿȸ¡
̯ٟ꣬R㳤˽ѵԺĿ,ȫ,ż߯ߣֱԼ,ѡһ֮ˡ
Щ´ãѵ³
ٟRʱ֣,ð,˸,Ҳ뵽һԼ,ѡ
֣ǫѷһ,ǵ½ѡ˲ŵ·ϡǳҲ÷ôѡԼԼӵá
Ҳ̫ǫ飬ֲˡٟR,,ԺֱӸ˵J
֣⵹ǹ׾ֻѡ֮£ѫӵܲôֲ,뵽Ȼߵ¡
֣ҲٟR,ů,|˵ѧ,ɱӦ,ôů,һյׯ,ûˣҼֵܽãа|ѧｻõͬѧпգһׯϿ⡣
ðʱѰ簢ӱ㶼ȥٟRر룬ҪҸ粻ȥţҲһȥɷɡûеʱ岻Ϣġ
֣æʹ״š
û¡öӱ档Ȼǰڹÿⶨףóʱ䲻
֣⿴Ͳ󣬻˵ͷͷǵľȤ¶Ц⡣
ٟRҲ֣ͦⲻٲʹϵ¡
ĲʹʵЩģ̶ܵӣٟR˵ƽʱѵô
Ȼеġ
ʲôʱ
ôȥ
ҾȥҲ㣬ҪͻȥǾͲ׼õŪҡٟRͦ·
֣Цһͷø󽫾˵һʱʱ׼ȡӡ󡣡
˵˵
֣⣬ðɣǳͲ˵ˡ
ٟRƽʱʹæһ൹ǵֵУѵȸǱƵĽʮϱ۶б׼Ҳûȸָǿˡ
ô
֣ͷȻ
ٟRʣǽ֮򱱾Σ
֣򱱾ɱʵսϾḻװʵսдسһ֧
۶..̫ƽĶдĻᡣ
ʢ̫ƽǸ
žˣҪ⡣
£ļ˲롣
磬֣̫֣⻹ûߣһˣ˵ʲô˵գ
ٟRĸ£һ䣬Ҹ˵񡣡
֣ûٟRǺţ£Ǿ˵Щ¡
ⲻôٟRԼáر߼رġ
֣ţƤҰȥ
ٟRƤҲԼЦԭûû⡣
֣̫ⱹ
ź֣ˣٟRѱ񲿳ϵ㣬ͻ׼俼ĹԱⲻ˰æ
ٟRÿ˶һٺ»Ȼȥġ
Ӿʹһı
æ̫ҽҲ͡
ôһ㣬Ҳû⣬ʣǧٟRɴһѧˡ
ȻһμӹԱ֣ҵĿᣬûȥˡ˵Ǻϴԣ򿪴ûͣȥæֵ£ԼŰӱ㡢hһȥˡ
֣|ֵ֣ߺ󣬱ԡ
ڵ۶ֻһССĿԣƾѡ˿ˣûʲô˹ע
ȴΪͬ°һʱ˰۶
ԭϰĶꡣ
ǿƾ㣬ѶҲסѰţʮ㿡š鵱ʮ갸ףʮԪʮ״Ԫеš
ʮ״Ԫʮ꣬а׹ݳٴξ֮ٵ״Ԫ֮λ
ԣž㿼ϰġ
ε԰һǰǶʮµˡңһǹѧѧٟRʶġ
һȻ

⡣
ڶţٟRҲİȸƳ
˼˵ȡǰ治Ǵţ
˿񵥣֪ѧóķͷˡ˵׹ݳڳеõеٟͣRҲй⣬׹ݳȷǸ˲š
ԺԺ󣬺ͷб䶯ǰʱͬ
ʷ̫İ֮ˣѼ˵Ծ̲סź̾ǹδడ
ʷ˵˻ʱ֪ΪΣٟR̸һֻɫĻȸ۵ģɹЦ
չＸ˲֪ٟRΪηЦ׷׿ٟRڰװΪ͢һӿԾôڵ˲Ÿˡ
ȸ汾Ρ
ٟRЦ롣
ȡЩϵȱīֽţ͸ȻˣǼúö顣
žӢҲμԣλڰϣοǶʮͲȻ⡣žӢͱȻҪСΪˡ


242 ֮



ĵڶ 
ɶʷҪˣ
ع,ʷʹһ𾪵Ϣ
ʷЩɬĵͷչʣļҹӣ
ʷﴽ΢΢,Ƕϵ,ǽ괺ǰףȻ¹ӡ
ٟRͶϲ£,÷ʷʦҲ̫˰ɡ
ʷܲ˼,游˵,¹ӲŻڡλؼǼһ,ҿ¹Ӳ,ĸҲ˵¹ʹˣԺ,ʱͷˡ
٫h䣬¹Ӽ˿ǵ۶ˡܶкܶ˴,ڵ۶,˴Ҽȥ游˵ҪԸ⣬Ͱ˵ź¡
ٟR˵,һ㲻ǴǺŻᱻô
ʷʦ˵ģδࡣЦ,ʷʦ۹ٴ,¹ӱȻ׿,ǳ˿ɼ
ʷ˵,Ҳ¹д,,ѵûʵ
ٟRذԣʣʦҵİ˴û
һһ˼ңȻŲٷȤ¡չʦѾ˵ˣͻС°Ķ飬Ǽ¡
˵ӵȷЩСûʮءǹٻӵܣףȻ׵Ҳ١
٫h˵˵Ҳ˴ƹӡ
Ҳǰ״ƹӱȻǸ׵ġͨͨӣһ룬ָʷһ롣
ٟR£⣬ҿ˵ƹӣû˵Ҫװ
ţǹ϶࣬ã⼸겻ʵƹһֱסŴ񡣶ң˰ûܵǳ
չҲŹƹӴ˵ƹѷлƲϴˮıӶɫǳˣſáѵģ
εͷСɳˡ˵ƷУǰεһֻʻĿȸײ뻳ڡǶ˵ϱӶֻȸ
ٟRпԸŻֱϵûС
еʵͦáһҺţ·ˣƫɻ꣬ҺԭͷӼһպȻؼҡƼҵƹӽǣȥ·߱ꡣʱµķʽ˲һĺܺã˹ά˵ǱնҲ֪ǫ飬ֱӾ˵ǣҲǰ֮С
չ￴棬Ҳ˵ģ
ͷȫǿ˵ǰǾǰİա
ٟRܹʣҪ˵ûʵ֣дţҪ˼ܿУţ
˾ǵҼţǣȸλǰҾһͷţ
ĴҶЦ
ôһССԣйע
ӼҲͦ죬̾ǰʮ¼ȡ飬ǵӼҵԱƾ֮·нϻ
Ȼ˲ȥӼ飬һֱڹѧģԹѧͬϤʶڹѧͶ
ŷʮֲȥ˵¡ĶһôǼԸڹѧڹѧҲ޷ÿճȥӼ
ŷƵ͢أҪӼͶġ
ʷ̫˵ʲôδ࣬¿ŶˣһˣˣˡǹӼƣͩԺãû
ŷҪؼǰ˭Ҳ̫߰ˡ
һյ˵ܰǿһĶǹѧڶƼСûգ˵һ¾˺üҽ
ŷƲ趼Եûζɳ֪̾ƼڣӦԣ
˵ҪƼô⡣
ô׹ݳԲƲ磬Сˣܽȥ
ŷҵͬˣΪѧɡԭ׹ݳڳĹԮ֣ɽ׹ݳ״ʷ̫ϵͣ°ֱʷ̫ΪŮһҪڹѧ飬ŷƼֱһ취ûС
ͬʧĻ۫۫ԿĺãȥѧͶҲѧЩɶġ
Ȼ󣬲ıܾ
Դ룬ĸоֻһ۫Īвɡ
Կű۶жֲ٣ѧ֮ʤ
ٟRżȻʷ̫𣬾ԼһȥУûȥġ
Ǳ߶黭ŶĶ࣬ҷʮ̯⣬ʱˣǱǱΪСпճȥȻȥǾһƹҸ˵Ѱһǰ±ҹȥͼ
ٟR¼ߣҲһͼͼ
ʦ˻Լһȥеӳ㣬ʶʱ硣
ļǿҲ磬ˬ鼫ѣ÷ҲֻȥׯżãǴûڽֱ̯λϳԹ
û˵ϻҴ²ɾٟRͦԣҿ˶ֱ̯ϣӦҲû¡
˾˵ʱССûȻ׵ЩѰɾط޷ġ
ٟR˵ȥʦȥ̾С
˵֪һըͱӣըıࡢǸ⣬óˡͣС㳢
ʦͽ˵ȥӾͿи棬ר㡣ԶԶŵըӵһͼ͹֧ſڣ͹һ֧Ű壬Ǵը棬һܴӣڷŸճըͲӲӵͱࡢǸȣһɫ룬ðŰͷıǰɡ
һƽ׵ĴԲǳ׹ӱģǱӵļ磬ٟRԺĸ׿һ
ͣһƹԹкͷҸˡ
ˡͷʰŸɾ
ƹЦӦˣԽֲһ飬ٟRһٟR£ͼһ˵ЦǽЩϻˣ඼ˡ
һп꣬ഺЦ⣬ٟRһǣˣȻžӢһС
˳ΪԼۻŹϲ΢ͻȻ·̯Ĺ£һʱš
ٟR˻ӻ֣˹˲㣬æǰʺ򣬡ôˣԷ
ʦٟ͡Rذ֣˵粻ɣҲİɣһԡ
ٟRͬľ顢˾ǡСͦټҲ
ٟRȻǾףҷֱ˾ǡ飬С˾ףͽСףžӢм䣬ףȻ
ȻӢ٣ױážӢλá
žӢĶ΢΢һ֧ͷȻһڣ˵°治ʷ̫ӰĶ
ȻǷл˿佱
䰮У㰸ףŶ˾֮ϣ촫ȥͳЦˡѧû̹ǣΪ飬ǲһΡ
⻰һžӢεҪȻԭ̫һ־ǧ֮ı䣬ʱɫѩһ㡣
ģˬ
ʵٟR⣬šʦ˵Ҳʶδڡ
鶼˵ˣλȻûɣȻԭİϡ
ȻҲвĴ𵶣Ȼ겻δɣ꣬ĩǣҲպϡ
ĺһѲ裬ֱһţǲ᲻صģ͵һȻüһɫϸɲΪһѡ
Ƭ̣ͷȻжɣ
ȻɫѩףǺ£ġȥѣ齫ӻ֣ɵסȻ
ȻŭڣҺȸ˿
ݸЦٻɵ˵ôˣЦˡ˵һѵʷ̫裬Ȼúá
ٟR˵ʷʦ֪ôϷŪȻ϶ƴ
ֲȻ˵ѵǸ׾裿


243 ֮



ĵڶ 
ƹըͱ,Ǹ⣬İӣӵ,нһ֭ˮ
̸ٟRѴͱ̯ƽ,ÿͿһ⽴Ȼһͱ,ٷŰ࣬ԡ԰һݸٟR,С㳢,رóԡ
ٟRҧһ,ȷ,ͱ⽴㻹ͱĽԼ࣬ٻǵһñų,ԵչĹģͷóԡ
˾ǽٟRǰ,ź,ſڸɡJ
鿴ٟRԵĿģһЦͷƳȻһۣȻҲմӹ¿ɰĳջ,鿴Լһ,Ϊ̱ܿ,ֻѧ,һŴ,Ĩ⽴ͱ,úŵ,á
ף°ף𡣡
Ȼ˵̴ܷˣѧҡ
鴽һͬҲΪ
ٟRʦҲ̫ǫ˰ɡS
ðɣʦҲûǫ
ٟRʣʦôôóԵķģ
Цͷϡ棬Ҷʱͳԣ٣ִҶ·Щ˳ˡոá㳢Ǹ⣬ǺඹɳڶġиǸŵٟRĵ
ǸⲻССԲԲըɫҧһڣƤִඹɳڶȵʵе̣ȴֺóԼˡ
ٟRһ̲סֳһ˵Ҷˡ
ţˡһƳһȻȻ̽ඹɴڶǸ
žӢһѾѧͬദܺãŰһҲССЩͷ֪͢ԱദҪڷ̡
ǰ׹ݳҲǳ͢Աûôͷ
ðɣ׹ݳƷһƷ
棬Բⶼ˵ˣԼߵСûڹټ̡žӢֻͷԶһ붹顣
Ȼ෴̺裬ĵɶûȥ
ٟRĵغã˵ȻҲԵ㣬ͱҲóԡĸʦʹɫ۸Ű
Ȼѩһ¶Ц⣬ллС㡣
ȻռиͱӲָһΪ°ǲء
ѧԵԴΪȡȻϵЦ˲Ϣ˵
ӿɽ̡ȡҡ£̬ٺõˡСһůԱپ͸Ƿ˰ٵƵġ
ٟRǿ̲ûЦ
ٟR֪ЩȻ飬ʦ˵ȻЦӮҲЦġҶ˵Ͱ׹ݳֽϲðˡ
Ŷԭ°ˡһΪⲻġ
ƾ˵ٟRҲȻոջλЩ֡һź϶˭᲻ϲʦģʦòĲ緶ȣҶʮ꣬ʶ㡣
Цٺҡ
ⶼĻٟRҲЦ
ĸ֪ˡ
һˣٟRûȻ
ȻҴҳͱ˰붹飬ٟR̫Ҫˣȥӿ顣
ٟRȻȻ΢ɲͷٟR͹ȥ
СһֱٟRĻѾϰٟR׽֪˼ʦͽĹϵá
žӢЩȣȻ֪ǹȴ벻ʦͽϵ֮ʦˡ
ȻٟR̲Զ·㵽
ƹԸģѰǰᡣƹһ¥żȻԻһĻᡣ̲ס˵ҵүϷҲˣôɴധˡ
ƹЦҪܴȥҾʹˡ˫ǰŵϣȻִ򿪣һ˵ҵĹˣҵĴˣϷⱲܼⱦһ棬û׻
ٟR˵ĵԲ۾ϹϻҲǧصóŻҿǼٵġ
ǻǴۣһġƹЦŽҿһǣ¶һɫᣬƣǰʵ漣
򿪣ٟRһ𿴣ǰָ尡
Ǻƹͣ깫ױʫഫ깫˶ǳʫֹд˵ġ
ףһ漣
˺
ӣʫڼá
ƹ񲻼ЦδУ޷ʫôһۣҲԵο׼ƷСԺ͸ˡ
ЦǸ̡
˵ıɫƹЦ
ٟR˵ҿָͦãӣҰɡ
ٟRˡ
˵Ҳü깫ָôⶫϡڹɲϡ
ǰҺϲ깫ƶȴ֮־ѧΪһ˵ʦЩ񡣡ٟRƹ񣬡ˡ
ƹǸұ۵ģٟRЩԥˡ¥ʱͼٟRΪȣͲµλݼĹٟRΪʦƹǸϢͨģ¾֪Լµûǹˡ
ƹѵʫС˵ۣʱ˰Ұ˰ӱǡ
ٟR˵һĲ׬
ƹһۣƹЦǺǵأڶ֪Сһ֣ҲסˡĶǼ档
ٟRԼݻûг֪⣿
淶ƹ񲹳ףϷţģһû
ٟRˣЦ޷ƹ񣬡ֵ¡ǻ⡣
ƹҾֵһᡣ
ٟRһЦžӢȻǷָ壬콫ָݸǣȥҼﻹмҼǵȻ־Ʈݣ깫ЩƣǿٻҾǡ
Ȼ¼ֻϲ˫ָֽʱЩ΢΢̫ˣллС㡣
˼飬֪ѧʶҪ¾˵С㣬ͣԺóԵġ
ðٟR˵֪ţ游дҿҲϲá
Ҳյ游ˣ˼ӡ游Ǹʵˣһӣۣ˵оˣ򡣸ѧϰͷ͵ĺܡ
ǵˡٟRҲδžӢžӢСҲţ϶Ķġ
žӢЦ˵áĿѡǾͲˡȻ簢ҲҪμǡ
ٟR˵϶ûġ
һ飬ⶼó
ٟR˵Ȼˡÿѧ׹ݳὫǰĿȥҿȻҶҲҪãȻȻзâЩţܻﳤ̣ܶĵطͰʥ֮ԡ
Ȼû뵽¾˽Լȵͬʱһ˵ůΪڵ۶㣬Ƥͽṫ蹫ͷƵ֧˸̯ӡ˵ڸ񣬿ʵޣҲֻЩ
ÿζлͣ͵ĶǺʵõϱī֮ࡣ
ѧҲܽģǳѰŹʹ͵ıīѧͬͲСǡ
û뵽һֱעǵѧҵ
Բⶼ̲ס˵´ãҪβܻرأ
ٟRһ֣ԺΪ츣գΪ͢Ϊ䷶Ǳˡ
緶ƹ񣬼һĻţ⾭̶꣬мţ֪ԼǾ֮ܡ
߻ɨλ꣬¶޵Ц⣬ⷭ˷е飬Էƹ鲻Ұ


244 ֮



ĵڶ 
ٟRȥܵıź,źȪˮŴŴģžˮȹʱʹѺ۽,ٽһŨĺ֭,ȱ𣬽ˡ
ʱ䲻,ٟRعȻžӢҲ͵ſڡǲܽ,վڹſڿ˵빬,Ȼ,ؼҡJ
صҺ,žӢֳҲˣ˵Ĺȥкžֵ,ܵܵͷȻ⣬ĸ˵ǳȥһ졣
žӢ˵,Ǹ͹»ع,磬ǽŹˡ
ĸԺµľйϹæ,ʲôʱŵģ³ˣ
Цϳȥ,û뵽Ҳ̯ϳԵ,ɲˡ
ĸ̾,,С̯ϳ緹
žӢ˵,,ƽ׽ˣҲܺá
žȻû˵Ȼ㲻ڹǰҲɣ
ڹǰɸˣǽʹġϣȵݸĸԼһ飬һڣ˵ȻҲǣö˶˵ģϸҪӢλӡˣһߣ֪ôϲģ
Ȼ»ػߡ
ЦҪҰҾͰ鵱׵һͷ̵ţĻϲϲġȻ˵ٳ¹Ϲ٣ǵһġ
Ȼ˵Ʒв
ڹѧ飬ԹٳϢҲ˽⡣ڷȷһ㣬Ÿɹɱ׵¡ȻٴɣϾһ߹٣۵㡣˵ֻã̱ϡЩ˭ЦŵģֲΣġ
ĸԵʣ֪ȻǱΪˡȻ£ݸһϣԵϡҪǲദģԺദˡ
žӢҲദ࣬ҪżŹ£·ϣҲûʸ˵ġ
ȻмӢϲ˵ô
žӢҡͷֱ֣զ̫࣬ˡֻǸĹ٣һüһ˵Ҹ䵶ʱ¡
žܻģ˲Ǽƽϵġ
žʣǷ̵̹Ŀɺã
ĸ˵дɵú̹
ȻЦ磬Ƿģ˶ֲ࣬ǣ빫Աźǻȥ㷻ζǶ飬һֱζԹģȫ޲ֻᡣ
Ҳǻϻ߼Ůٹˣнˣ̱ҲѡµģǺ׼ǣһٵУ±Ȼˡ
ȻҲ룬صټӰѾǵǣ괺ҲҪһڳ͢㣬Ҫ顣
»عҲֺǺǵأһֱ͵ٹԽ̫˷˳
ٟRпûбʦϸȫˡ
һЦֻҡ
㡣
鲻ԣһ񣬾͸ˡ
ٟR߶߶һؽг̣˵ĸ³ҪТˣ㻹ǲǵã
֣̫ܲǵѣҪҾˡ
ģҸ˾˸òʹٟR˵
֣̫Цôĥ֣𸴵Ĳʹȥˣĸȱˣ
ٟR˵һĺȱ
ûӣֱ˵һָӱĴ鶨ڰĩ֣ҲТˣִʹʷ̫˾һæǰͷӭʱһʹ൥ʹô˾ʹɡ
֣̫˼Ӵ飬ֻһʹġֻҪʵ۴飬Żһʹʹ
̫ӳ׿϶иʹѽٟR˽⹬ƣ󷽷˵ˣʾͻһӣδᶫɳĸѵӣȻԺСҲҪѷֵġβΪһλʹԵô˾ָ׽
֣̫Ǹʵӣһ˼Цˣ⵹
ٟRĻλδͷ֣̫򳤸Щ˵Сʱ뵽ģ
뵽ˡٟR˵ǾݼܲӸġ߶߶ľӣٟRȴ֮ѪԵҲһβƵϵɿܸɵݣȻúúöԴˡ
֣̫Ц뵽ˣôڲ˵
ϲǽʱ˺ôõȴ˾˳Т߿Тʱ˵ʱĵ
֣̫󣬡ӴĲ
аɡһӵ⣬ٟRαǫ˼䡣ֻüۼ¶ĵֱ֣̫Цá
¸ɵһ˵ɵҲ⣬Ůãһʱû뵽
ٟR˵С£Ҫæǳ͢£Сžͳɡ
Щƴǵĸʣ⵽Щˡ
ٟRȰ磬֣Ҫ˲ͬ⣬ءҪǴҶͬ⣬ͲءɶػǲҶô
࣬͡
֣̫ģ֮£ĸ֮ĸǶԵġĸ֪Ҳͬ¡
ɵ˵ǰʷ̫ѧˣʷ̫ҲͬġS
Ȱţ෽ٷԡ
ڶհĸ֣ʺڻĸ˵˵£ҲȰ࣬ãǣ˭ҪͬҾǡ
Ӧˡ
Ȼ֣Тɵ֣ΪʳӭʹŰʷ̫֪δԡ
͢ĬܣʳӴ飬ӭʹ棬ȶ
ʷڲᲾ϶һʣɣ̫¡ʺʡ
ҲٟRԳڶʽмڵעļء


245 ֮İ



ĵڶ 
ٟRеһζԼν顣
ڲ޴ʶ
ΪԼֻһС,ǰҲԼĹ۵㣬ɶֻҪ֪,ûԸ߶߶ġ
ǺڳɳжᾭĹ,׳ƣ¡
,ֻǶֳ¼ֿ
һΣٳһ¼γɡ
ȻֻǺСһ,ڳ͢δ,ڻʳ,,ɵۣ֣̫֣ʺ,ڳ͢еĺ۵ǣһȫһ
ѾĬ,˭ûϵ,ƶĬٟR
鷢˶Ϊٺʲѡ
ȷ,ٟR֣̫ϲ֣ʺϵҲ,Ҫ,֣ߵĺܽ
ƶһ,,ƶ
,˻,Ӧ˽˹֡
ʵûһˣٟRԼġ
ʼգٟRδһ¡
õޣʷ̫Ŀ̰һﶼӱۣʤ
ٟRʮֲм
ȥֺʡʱĸҲóԵģҵĶԽԽ£ԽԽ˵ˡٟRĺãߥٟRʲôʱ֣̫˵˵̫ӵҲźá
Ҳ֪³ɹʲߣҲûᡣ
ٟRԸһֱ֣˵ģҺֱӡȥҲϣֶپ͵øҶ١
Ů飬û뵽ٟRпͨףЦùһͭζ
˵ɣ˵ЩġٟRѣҿǸʵˡ

ɶǸģǵģ˭ܸףҳġ
ٟR⻰㤣߼˵С߸²Żѵĸʱͻˣ˵
Ҿ˼ģøײǡ˵
ƫۣÿ궼ҪŸӣѵҲҪŸģٽڣŲʹսæµٟRԼֺʡ
ִˣͷӦ꣬Ǯĵط࣬ҲŲġ
ҲӦ꣬ǮطҲ١
У㣬û˵
ŮȡƱٟRۣƱԺҪʱ˳˸ȥ
ֳ˵㶫ʹƱȥˡ
ٟRЩƲֲ֣ΪЩ˳⣬ȫΪҺãԻֶԴҶã֣Ҿ˾Ҳʹ
ȫĳ⣬ЩôģΪһʷ̫ĸʲôϵѽ
ҪĸСʵܣ϶ԺСʵ
ϸĸ˯ʻĸˣĸĸСʵô
֣̫ͻȻԵ뷨Ѿϰߣôˣ
ٟR˵ҾĺøӣĸСʵܣܼ򵥲١
֣̫һֱӣڽ񣬲򡣡
ٟR˵һģߣ
޷׼ȷ飬ٟR
֣̫ЦҲܺáJ
Ҳ˵֣ӡ˵ЩɵˣһģߣҸǸʲô¶һ㡣
֣̫㲦ٟRǾܵʲôôɡ
ٟRûɵߣɶôһĲ˼ϡ
ĹһأٟR㲦ûյͷ˯ˡ
֣̫󣺡
ٟRʱ̣ܶڶѰ׹ݳֺҪƱ˰׹ݳð׹ݳȥڹѧϡ
׹ݳ˫ֽӹƱ·ģؽѧܺá
ѧǣǽĿųԶصĻ£˲гϢܶЩСС飬չ޵ġ
׹ݳ֪ɺ˸пǹӦˡ
˰½ڣҴҳ±ཪӱĴ
ٟR˼ֳ밢ӱĴϣ͸ˡ֮⣬ʱʱֳĹתȦ·ʰΡȻ󳤹ƣӱš
СŸƵġ
ЩӽӱڼҾǱޣнãСңǴľǼҪ޸ӣڼ˼ֱ˳Ĺ֣ӱƵĹǺٟRչＸ˹Ҳ˵˵֡
ӱĸĸҲǰ۶ﱸӱĴ顣
ٟRԼŮҪãľͷһ룬ϱСӺԺżӱù
ٟR˵찢ӱױѾĸ˵ˣҴĸ
󳤹ЦⶼҪ޹ȥ̫ʺҪױ񲻳ɣ
Ȼˡһһ롣ϼףҲ÷ֿ㡣ٟRһܶӣҲӱ׼ױ񡣡
󳤹Цˣ֣ɲáȰӱСױǳױõģ
ٟR˵Ǿ͵ҸӱĴһӱͻ׼һݣѾˣӭգҾȥǰ·
ӱʣʲôôأ
ڲ˵Ǵ֪ˡٟRصĿˡ
չǶ֪¸˾˵ˣ˭׼ߡ
ٟRʮ㣬һرررõ
ӱױԲ˵˳᳤ٟR֣۫ϡ֣Լ۶ܸ󳤹Ϲϵĺҵķ˶ˣһշա
Щˣûһģױ󣬽ӱļױַɡ
ױǴ
ƽ󳤹˼Ů˵˼仰һ޹ȥǻˡҿʺ񣬺ܺദ빬ڣӻùġ
ֻǻм仰Ҫ㡣
ĸ˵ӱڹ꣬ڼ빬е£ǱȽɳڵġΪ󳤹ŮȻͬ
ƽ󳤹Ŀƽ͢ӵȨλĵطˣ˶ڶŻʼеȨ
˵Ҳ򵥣ֻһӣԣһж˳Ȼ
ӱͷ롣
Ҳ֪Ķӡ£̫ʺġ󣬰ĶҲҪˡ֣ҵĹϵܽҲ̫ʺｻá
ǣ󣬲ҪЩԶ衣Ǽ޸Ϊ޵ģҪķڴϣ˽չҪ޹ĸһҲҪĶϡҲ㡣ԼȤԼţҪģҪñԼ
ӱ˵ĸĶףҵʲô
ͻᶮˡƽ󳤹Ҹʵǻ󣬲ϲŮӸҼ游󣬾ƽȥˡʼҵŮʮģͬʱۻʼһǳ͢ԻʼҵŮִŹΪŮӦ͢٣Ӧֳ񡣡
ǣ͢ǰ͢󣬺ʱأڼƽأĳ͢ʵֻҪھͻӰƽصľơһص۶̫ʵ۶йؼƽصľʱ˵ŮӲɸĻ
ƽ󳤹ԽӱȼңΪʳݾмصķܶʱ仹׼ྭЩ£ԼͲױ˲ݡһʲô£Զ־Ǿ
ţһı沨ø֡ϣܳΪˣٻǾ̫Ȥˡ


246 ֮ľ



ĵڶ 
ʱӭ,ϲҲͬһ㣬ǰʮ¾ͿʼæµסĹװһ£֣̫Яɵ֣ʺȥһء
ٟRȻҲһȥ,˾ֳܹĴ,ǸĴ۵ķϻӣŵʲô,ɵ۶ûҲǿģΪϻн,ε,Կ׷ٟRϹҵСӵСɰ
ʳӴ·,˾Ȼϧ,Ժﻨľһٵľ¡
·һϻ
֣̫ޣϻϻ,ϻֵĺá
ٟR˵Ҹ˾˵ģһϻ,ڻС,ȹܶ꣬ܳɺܸߺܴ󣬹ڸͤͤģʱ,ֺͰӱܴһȺŮǽԼ׵¡
ɵ֣ʺЦ,⻰༪鰡
Щ˼,Rڶ,ҲࡣŮ,»顣
ҿ,Ժשʯɾ,ᣬľϵĻµģ֣̫ͷȥ
඼ʰ׵·ЩգΪ·ҪӼױװεġ
ٟRиżܣܹܽ͵ĺ
ٟRȡԿףԴϻҺȥƣ滹ź֣̫̲ס²ۣɶɹġ
ѽٟRƿ汦΢ҷ׷ȥͼϻһģյģһģյǽӱģ
ٟRȡ񽻸˰ڷţ˵ҿ˰䣬˵ͯŮҾ˾ŻֺͰӱһԶͯŮ͸
ٟRǼ
ɵͷ͵ĺá
֣ʺҲ˵ǵԢ⼪飬Ǽ᲻ɴ֮ఢӱȻ޺Ƚ
˷ϲ£Ҳϲ͵̲סõͷٟRæĵ֣Թҵ黨Ūˡ
æûûңÿġ
ٟRùоգ⡣
ЦŰRͲ󣬻Щġ
֣̫ɵͰϲ֧󳤹ҵļױҲҪˡ
ɵ˾׼ˡ
ܹ米Ĺ죬ο¶û׼ãͿԻؼҳԼˡ
ٟRʵģĻϸƩٹμӻ磬ÿм̵Ḷ́˭ʲôεˣ⣬ΰţˣĶصůĲźá
ܹ׼֣ýסˡ⣬ҲǱʳһȺ
ɵЦRۼҵСܼҡ
ĸҵġед磬֣ʺ󶼻ٟR߶ѧʱãȻѧ
ɵ۶֣ʺĹˮƽǺͬģʺ̵ĺá
˽ҷ֮𡣡
ٟRܹܣܹܣҵȹû
ܹܵվܵˡԸ
㣬æִ¾У߾;ǡٟRȹӣһȥӭס˵ӭ׿ˣø˼ҲýŶ
֣̫һ㣬Ӧ֣̫Цû˵ֳӭ׻õģŮһӴŮСӣǻ׼ҹ׼ĸһ
׼ҹ׼ĸɵ֣ʺ׷ױʾǲȥ
ٟRһĸû¶ҪȥǾһȥ
ɵ֣ʺ룬治ȥ
֣̫ңȢҲû¡ֱȥˣй񣬾ܽˡ
ٟRЩʧױʫû
֣̫ҡͷ
ٟRʧ͸ǲô
ɵ۵ʼׯأȻ䲻ͬҪ뿴֣밢ʱеġ
֣ʺٟR˵һмҪиR㣬ӭȥ
ٟRر£ʣĸʲô£ֻ˵ұ֤á
֣ʺգи׵ڰ๬Ƕܹȥ͵ðR㣬ȥӴصҷˡھཫӱҲչ˺ɩӡ
Ӵ飬ʵۻʺǵڶյ»򸾹밲ȥӹ
ӹ򽻸ҳ֡
֣ʺ˳᳤æдŮбǱ۫
ٟR˵Щ²˳ô
ҲҪ۰ģǰRĪ
Ϊ˵ҲֿƣٟRټֳָȥɩӡңֳ飬ȻҪĸ֤ĸͷİɣҸһѹףصķھչ˺á
Ҫȥӭף°һ
ҲܹĶӵ¶ӵ׷ֺʡʱ˵ĸģһжá
̾ⲻۿֻС˵ǿɶʲôȻźá
ٟR˵ĸʡĸ󡢻ֺңǶźãܲã˵ĸ㲻ľȥﰦ̾ģ
Դӵ֣̫ڹ˵ϻˣ˵ҵȥ̫ﲻʡ
ȥȥ£û˽ĸ㣿ٟRͦ򵥵£ĸΪη
ȥƶӵ·ں󹬣ÿȥٹ밲ûлʺ׼ٲܳǷš
ٟR˵Ǹĸ˵һͳˡ
ᵽ֣ʺҲƣ£ʺҲҪ̫ġ
밲ʱֱӸĸ˵ͳˣٟRŹ𻨸⣬ĸһۣĸôԥԥĸ
˵ҲǷٹ򽻵ֲ˵֣̫ǣ̾ĸǸǵˣҵСˣ˼¶ࡣ
Ҹ⣬ôóԵĵģĸЩТһᣬһ׼ɡٟRûɶ£ĸ᲻ĸ׵ء
ίʵĶӴ׼ٶ˸뱸ҲǵƼܷġ
Ϊ˶ӣӲͷƤ֣̫ģսսϸȥӻ鷿ơֱ֣̫Ӿˡ
ɿŹ̹ȥϸϸһأȻһأʵҲû˵Ҫġ͸裬ͻֺˡ
˵ףķ
Ȱ׾ͺˡ
󳤹һٹãŮܲһô
ණ֮λˣҲܳװˡ
Ůˣ׵ÿӣóӲС
΢ɲһߣתͷˣҳ׼ģϱĴʹһء


247 ֮



ĵڶ 
Ĵʢ¡,񲿺Ժ˾ӭǰһգļױͺƺƵ̧ԤȲá
ٟRȥһ,ӱ仹δ,·ʲôʽʲôߴ磬˾ܹʹͼֽȥ󳤹ˡ󳤹ҵļױͰ·,д󳤹ߵŮָŰڷţҾһӦȫ,಻ذڳ,ʱڻĿⷿ
ڶ,ӭա
ʱӭڰ,գԡ´ĺ,æĶˡ
˳᳤ưƽ֣۫ϡ֣˵Щ׻ݣ޲һ̫ʺ˵
ٟRȻҲż,չ桢ʷһдĸסĸŮٻ֮ҵŮ,٫hڹٟR٫hȥ˴󳤹ٟRĻ˵,ȥһ㰢ӱ㣬˵׵ŮҪСҪӵܶڼƽ,ڵ۶Ķ֧,٫h,뽪ӱϵ,ٺʲ
,٫hȥ˴󳤹
ʵ,ʼ׺Щߡ
ص˵󳤹Ҳݲ٣ѹɹؼǣ󳤹ݣͬǻʼҵݡҵѣǻʼҵĳӡ
ҵȻҲ󳤹һ֣ҪԱ϶ȥ
󳤹ϲˣױգԽһΡ
Ҳûӵ¡
٫hҲû£ڽӱ뽪ҽһ˵Ҳ˵Եģ٫hͰ̧ױӵ˵һ˵͹̸ˡ
ӱźʼԡϴͷҲǵ۶ȫϷˣĸסϷ󳤹ʱ󳤹İʱ󳤹ڹĲ˳ĸԵ»ʺײ̫.ʵۣף˱죬ڹ治޵ĺõġ
Ϸ󳤹ڳɣڼ岻͡Ϸ˼ռҡ
ʱռҿԺգ̫үҲǵ۶ӵܣֳҺãƽûɶϢҲ͡
̫үһô֪ڵ۶˸ƷСٶмӻİȣҷ޶
̫үǵ۶Ĺˣ檡ʱϷɷС̫үһֳһ߿¡
Ϊ۶š
Ȼ̫ү˸˵Ķӡ
ʱչ¶ʣռ峤״󲮣һֶӳϢԴص磬괺ǣͬ죬״ԪӰۡ
ռҾ֧֮࣬Ƕڸռԭеȼ壬һԾΪٻ´塣
գ󳤹ϷŮͷ
ҲŮϷһ㣬ʱ޶ʱŮɲš
Ϸ˽βȵĴڽӱõķϣ촹ӳŽӱüĵķ˻䣬ӳɻԡ
á
˸Ǽϲò뽻ӣЦŵģȴۿ
󳤹ŴŮο
Ҳ绻ϲ˾ܹԿʱѴҪȥӭˡ໹ֱȥȴǹĸʡĸȻܴʷ̫֣λʹԼʮλѫٻӵܵ࣬а˰ٻӭס
ٟRĲɣ˵裬ȥֹɣһӱҪˡ׼ţȥ֡
˳᳤Ҳһ֬ϲ磬Ц⻰ǡ֣̫֣ʺһ񣬡ĸ󡢻ɩǾȹȥˡ
֣̫ŮǶһȥˣϲӣȻԽԽá
ŴҶȥˣȴٹ¶ֺҲȻذɡ
ȥɡ֣̫δٶԡ
һֱﵽعһ֮λλ׶ӳףûμӻ硣
ɣγί
˼æǰȰϲӣݻϲҲд֪õˡ
Ҳ֪ǶӴϲӣǿᣬʣ˵ĶԡఢӱĶơ
æȥַĵĻŽԺЩ
һе󳤹󳤹ѱдʹľ磬ֻѡ󳤹й񣬾Ϳȥ·ˡ
ʼһϲжׯء
Աóţһֱ͵߱𽳵ϡӱȣĸˣͬ游ĸ͵ſڣǣҲᡣӱһʱҲ᲻á
йڶѣҪˡ
ӱ˶٣ŷӦڽ
ǿӱĲᣬЩȣǰû¶Ǿͻ
߶⻰ĶЦҶ֣ЦĶ²˼

Ǿˡ
ӱ΢ĵ˵ͷֳ඼ڳϣĸǰֱͦ¶پޱȡŹ˵ڳбϣǰ³һݡݻƶӱûɵĸһʧ䣺ˡ
ˣӴ뿪ĵط
һطȥ
ٻͲǹṇ̀
ӱ룬ԭһֱΪļңעҪ뿪ĵط
뿪һ̣ͻΪһʣҡ
ˬ罪ӱҲмˡ
ڣֲܿǼǧԶءĸ˵ˣԺͬ游һס۶ң̫¡ʺﻹйġ
Ҳһʶġ
ꤡ
Žϴ˷̾
߱𽳵Դ󳤹˴ڳǣֻصȸţׯϵʻͻͻʳǡ


248 ֮һ



ĵڶİ 
й,ʶƽʱЩȴҲ˸
ٟRں㽪ӱùţӱûʲôϰߵ,ͽŸµȥˡӱٟR,Ϥչｻɫ,չҳȥ
ӱͷ,ٟRͷ,ҪȥͷƵġ
չڸſڵȵٟR,Ȼ,ٟR֣,ȥƹǡĸҲˡ
ںš
չ˵뿴ͿЩɡ
ٟRɫ,иɲԵôùȥȡһ׾Ʊƾ
չһЦ,һȥˡ
ǵһԾƣ裬ֵĺܡٟRģ,ȾűӾ֮λ˳᳤Цһյ,ٟRڻ,㱭ʲôƣ
ơҽܳ,ҵչ˴һġ
Ц,,ùˣ
ùˡа氢ʷŰӱ,ҳ˵˵ٟRʣϯɲ
Ҫɣ˾ܹܾ͸̴ְˡ
ٟR㳤˵ȥƽư֣֣ˣھˡҹ󸾼׷˵˵Цһء
ٟRʹ˳ȥˡ
ŮٟRȥٟR˵ѵʶ·յߣȥǰơ
ЦʲôƵģ
û
ȥɡỤ̊ѹչ˺ˡ
ٹǷ⣬Ĺ󹬡ٟRٹǰ󹬵ķҰͲء
ȥǰ·£ŵҲ
ٟRȥ׼ͨſ￴
۫Ȼϯ۶Ҳ࣬۫ʹλ֣дλˡڸΪףӴϯԳλΪ׵佫֮ѫ󡢳پλϯζ
ҳԾƣĹٶƫţʫ½մ֮ϲ佫Ǳ߾ͲһˣܰžŹơ
һºʺʾˣ˵ס佫ҲͲֵ̫
ٟRչ˵գ㿴ʷʦЦĴ¶ˡ
չЦʷʦΪ¸ġ
˭ˣҲΪָˡԴʷ̫ٟRӻһλʹٟRٟRͶʷ̫˳ۣʷʦЦô
չʣҪҪȥǲһֱſſڰ
һΪʲôأԭٟRǼѬģûɶÿǻذɡ
ٟRûȥֱӻؽӱӱ˵һǰҳԾƵ£ʦͨ飬ҿֱ಻پƣһý̧
ӱԸŮ٣ó±ЩѾ
ٟRЦӱ㣬㻹ͦĻֵİ
ӱڼƽسɬд߷̹ǷޣȻ
ҶЦ
ӱǱЦңͳȳסǳףҲա
ӱҲǴ󷽷ĹģŮٵһüȥµĽ˵ҹ纮ϣº
󷽣ҷЦˣﶼŽӱϸȫºá
ɢȥʹ£Ȼǳ
ٟRֻҲ͸ˡ
صٹٟRȥĸһϢ˵ҹٟ֮R˵ҿȹ֡
˵ӱԻֵĹػĸǺӱðĻֳԶ˾ƣù˱Ѿ˸硣
֣̫Ҳ⣬ЦǺܺá
ٟRͷҾ͵ˡ
֣̫֮ﶺĴЦٟR֣˵˳׺ҪСˡ
֣̫§ǰҰR˵Ķԡ
ڶ˹ΰݣ֣̫һһׯü䶼»򸾵ϲã˼Ҳֻϲ
֣̫ޣһһǶͷϡ
˶ЩɬӦˡ
֣̫԰ʹͣ񵥾˰ӡ
ٟRʽɩӱȻ׼˸ٟRһ׵ǾޱΣҷۡס졢̸ɫʯǶҡ׹ȣ
ٟR˵ÿллɩ
ӱٟRϲҲܸˣһϲ̫ŵĲʺ㣬һ;Ǽ䡣
ٹ˵³ʱ䣬λ˾ѵµݼȥˡJ
ɵ۵ʹֻѷ֣̫һߡ
ǹ֣ʺʹҲܷȥֺ
źֶŮûѡҲֶ֪ŮѡҲԽӱǺģй󣬾һһ£Ȧ΢΢죬ҿεһˡ
ҵĶԺǾһˡĽӱ֣ɺã
ӱͷһճס
ӱɬһۡһЦĸճף۸ϱɣ
ԼҲЦˣҾô˼ǶǺúӣԺ̧˾ģûвõġҾǵģһذˡ
룬һȢϱڹҲµˡŽӱ˵û๬£ҾͽˡȥܣвԸģңұزԿָ˵ӱĸģڹ⼸꣬ᶮ£ׯ󷽣Ҫúദһӵĺ÷ޡ
ӱ룬䲻ʺϣ˵Ҳͦůġ
ʱûǣŵģɽǳ׵ͷһ죬ǵûԼȥҾͲˡͻذɣ𵢸š
˴ǹͻԼȥˡ
Ѵ飬ʷ̫飬Ҳˣţǲϸӣʽ볯
ʷһȥˣҲ¡һ顣
ʵûʲôģǰɵ۾ÿյѧϰʹ´飬ֻһӣ볯Ӧ
ϣ֣̫ɵۼӦʡ
ɴˣʽ볯


249 ֮



ĵڶľ 
ʽҵ,볯
ӱҲʼѧϰ񣬺֮ݲ޹,ӹӴŮ,Ȼɽӱ֡
񣬽ӱ˵п,Ҷڹסü֪꣬Щ,ǹŮܹܻ
󳤹,ϰ߾ͺá۳,ǵ񱸵ˣ
ӱ,Сұ˼񵥸ˡǹҲûȶ,Ҹ⡣óĸĸۡ
󳤹ͷ,С,Ǿƽչ˵ϲãͲ
ӱ˵Ҿˡ
󳤹ˬ,֪ŮĲ
˻ŹŮЩ˽£ӱͦ˼,ദ,ʲôõġ
Ц,ϱ,ǰɲһ
Ҳ˵,ǰаӱ,ڽлɩЩϰߡ
Ĵ󳤹ϱЦˣҪ˵˷ĵľǣŮɩϵá
˵ﰲ㸸ҲҪؼƽˡ
ӱⲻᣬʣĸ׺ʱ
ˣǴߣȻʱƽû˲ɡ˵꿪Ͱס׵£Ҳٵˡ
ӱͷˣҸӦǰͷġõģֳ
ôô˵ÿļաļնǰ꣬ţǴТ֣Ҳί˰
ӱʣ游ĸڵ۶ɣؼƽ˰ɣ
󳤹ǾͲˡգ㸸׼δ󽫾ʥּͻԺҾڵ۶ǳסJS
ӱЩϲɲ֪ΪΣʱһڼƽֵĳ֮ԶǵɱȣֻǣӴ˼ط룬ֵøй鴦ؾˡ
ǰҲܵϸдСڴ󳤹ùţЪЪǻع
ˣʽ
˻ؼƽǰɵ磬Լּ׼ҡ
ת۹ˡ
һĵ۶룬ֻɱƽ޴̣Сɷ಻ϣ֣˻ࡣ
֣̫ٟRӣٟR˵|˵ɱĲˣˮɱѩִ󣬵û˳ţôô˰
ԹԷĪճɲãûԵģ˶ܲסˣ
֣̫󣬡ôô˽˰
ٟR˵Žͬ˶Щûճɵļһֻ֪ҽᣬԵһ˵ͷ档
䣬ٟRѽд層ģЩǲڣҪڣһȫץǣ
۶ٟ꣬R˵ô죿ö˾ӣЩȫץ
֣̫ʣʲôʱѧˣ
ٟRϹɪҳʱô˵ģйгˣСӣ˵Ļر磡
֣̫һۣʲôѧѧЩõġ
ĸ֪ʲôǻģܶԺõĸᡣٟRһʣɱôôû͢װӶʧܵˣôһ層أ
֣̫ɱɽ֣Щ鷸ƵɽһӣٴʶôģۼɷˡĲɱӣɽܣ·ࡣʱ˺ˡ
ٟRɴ۾һˣԣﻹɽСġ̫ƽʢô
̫ƽ˵ɽ󲿷ǾƽġֻǱ߹˵ĵ£ΪȨǮƣһУġ
֣̫ɫݣ֮ͬΪΪ˰գһУҲ񡣡
ٟRۣʣĸҪôأ
֣򱱱ãפɱ꣬зִ硣ָ֣̫΢̧һ
ٟRģЩ˵İգҪôأ
ֻˡͽ֮ڷǵԩҲܱˡ
ǲɱ層ǿ
Ϊɱǵ۶֣̫ɱ뺷Ѱ˶ġĴ層ΧǽǳжУŷͽҲսһɷ࣬ؼƺԶʤѰˣǲȱǮġ
ѵǲٱٰģٟRʡ
ǰݼٰ࣬Ҳűߣûɱƽľٶ֣̫ҡͷⲻͬһˡ
˵ͻȻı⣿
֣̫սĹ꣬ս˽⡣֣̫RҪ֪ǰٱðűߣǶὫ鲻棬ֲ׿սʶðϼһ
ɱƽһһ£սӰ켫СҲ𲻵ĥáѵȱʳҪɱһСС層֣̫֣ǲȱǮġȱҲֲķӡ
ǷΪΪֻˣŻֶӱӵ¡
֣̫ʣûɱʹӡ
ٟRңѰĸ֣´ٟR˵˾˷ǰǲˣһûС
ٟR˵ĸһɣ
֣̫ԭе⻰Цʣֻ˵һأҪˡ
ͻȻٟR󣬡һɣдĺܺˡʷʦǰտҡ
㲻ʷֱ̫Ť
ҲһʶѾԭˡٟRĸֱһ¡
ɣд
֪ٟRīӶˣдǣ˭˭һӣҾҪˣ
úøĸ֣̫󣺡
ٟRһĺðɣԺֺŪ¶ģĸͽңұһؾͰʰˡ
֣̫ŬҪ໰ĳ嶯˸ƨ
ٟRѾķõӣµģһТĸţҼ


250 ֮



ĵڶ 
ɵۿŮ,ǿ̰ջЦ
չȥЦãRдʲôǴµ,
ôٟRֳָ,,ģһ
ʱ䳤,Ϊ˽,ͬý͵,ط,ȹؾֹ񣬿϶Ǳ߾Ѳһ,Ʋ֡
ͬһ£߾߷ΣѲط򱱾,д,߷ҰȣδѲдͲʣط,ѲҲйٱ죬,ӦӦϵľٴ,ơٟRָָɱѲ,,ɶɶûС׳Էġ
,ٿ,ͨ׶һеģֱҪʩԼһͨ
ҲдЩʷʦһŴдģоٵ㡣
ΪɱѲܵҵϡٟRƲ죬ǶԵĺõĴ˵ģд߰ģҪʲôģ
ٟRԼĿɶˣʸףʣ㿴Σ
ɵЦ
ٟR⣬ֳ°͡಻޳ɵĿףôܶõʧӶأ
ɵ۶ĸ׵ǰʺӡ
ƣǿô
Ȼɵ۴΢䣬ӣҲһ
ī
ֻȡɱѲӣ߲輸ƽд£δа֮١
˳ƽ̵ã㿴Ͱѻ˵ˡּ򵥡ɱѲӣҲԼĲ֮ˡ
ٟRͷǲҲͦϣҹɱѲһ亹
ֻҪˣܼιٵġ
ٟR˵ôҲҪֿɿ
࿴۾ﶼĽ֮飬ЦRҲͦáȻеСĶвġ
ɵۿĸף֣̫΢΢һЦ
Ƕˡ
ڶ̹ͽڸڸûһɵġ壬Ҷʶºصķ񣬴ҶϤ
һ֪Ǵġ
䡰˭˭һӣҾҪˣ
鲻òӸ
һʷ̫ͬ飬üһ䣬ʷ̫һ飬ૣֱ̫ˡ£ôùд
̲黧£Ҳһͬۡ
ˣʷ̫˵ǹ֣ǹдġ
ü䣬д£
ʷ̫˵ÿҪ飬̫߼ˣ׼дġ
ⲻô̫ͣΪдҲˡʱ̫ĻǹԼ⡣
ӣЦһأҿĲɱѲ¹㣬һѲ֣򱱵Ӧ档طϾǴɣҲǽȥӦѽǰ˵ô
һһ롣ûȨ
ҾͲ֪ˡ޴˹涨̷̲дޣ׼³ʡ̲顣
飬飬䷨޴ޣɴϽ̫.ʵۿ޴
һ֣ҾͲˡ¶ҿɲܡ˭ŲףԼ˵
뿴࣬پһ׶Ŷˡ
಻һ£˵¡
⣬ҷ׷׵
ɵøº˵˵ⲻͳ
ǰ٣Ҳ̫ߡ
³ǹ֮£򱱽ɱѲһյȫɵۡ
Ǵ£Ķضȫ
ǰ¿ɲܸ
൭Ȼ꣬ףǵ˼֪ˡ
Լλϣ²ůĽ¯ǵЦӳ³ůʷŵĹΪһȲ衣


251 ֮



ĵڶһ 
׸ְ,ݼʱἰ֮£ί飬ѧϰ,ڹЩˡȼ,ʮ𾪡£ùѧϰΪ,ڹͣҲרĶġ
ɵ۵,ⲻżȻˡȲؽ黳
ഫﵽڸ,δٶԡ
ʷ̫ٟRϿʱ,˽,ٟR˵һøѧġ
ʷ̫,£ȸ飬ֱӾд,һ
ʲôŵģʷʦ,㵨ӿС
ʷ̫ҵС´̫¡»Ȼ,ܲˡ
˲ϵҵ֣㻹ϵã
ϵáҲ˽ѵ,ɱд,ҲѧŴü,ڲſʼѧµġ
ٟR˵,ʷʦ,֪Ϊֻ,׸
ʷ̫һʲô
̫ˡٟR˵쾾Сߴߴߴ¶ҪѰ³ʣٸһ飬ڸ󸨳ðҰ򿪣򿪣
ٟRƴӵĶ׸
ңңҿû׸
ҲɰٟRֱӰʷ̫ѪJ
ʷ̫𣬡ΪߣΪι£ںλλ
ٟRķǡ㲻ãʦʵϡʦͺ׸
ʷ̫ɴ۾£
ǰɲֻˡٟRʷ̫ʷʦӰѾϡ
ʷ̫һ飬ҰģҲûٟRΣ˵ĵĲ
㣬ڸ˵ҵʱûΪ˵
Ȼ˵ˡǺģҲǾ̫ͬġ
Ĳá˵ǺôٟRޣʣʦô˵ģ
ʷ̫ҿɲ飬֪Źҵñۡ
ɶ˵ִλʹôȥ˵޴أٟRʵʷ̫˽ģͲʦǰΪ˵Ҳڸ侮ʯ㵱ʱӦ̬ҵʦҹϵۡ
ٟRЩӵѧ㣬ʹҡͲңҾͲţΪûҵʱ򣿱ʱҹµģ㣡
ôô˵أǿɶһƬĿɶµˡʷ̫
ٽ֪˵㲻ģЩ˵ҵһһɢӴ˸ɣ
£ⶼĶȥˡһǺ⣬ָժ
ٲо仰ôΪ٣²Ρҿǹ˵ٟRµģ۾΢Уʷֻ̫ǲվҶȥ
ϳûСѵϳʹԣʷ̫һƬ⣬ϳӣŲ׵Ҫ˵䡣ѵǲɵˣڼô
˵ף¼ۣ顣
վ߶ˡ鲻ùܣзӡ
ʲôӣ
㡣ٟRʣ˵Ļʷʦסû
ʷ̫ʱʱ̿վһ߶¡
ԡ
˼ҿûԭԺҵΪ˵ҲûǳԹˡ
˵ѵǳԹġ
ʷ̫⻰һ£һ̣ɫÿԽԹģ벻ţԼ֪ġ
ٟR棬ʣƾۣΣ
񲻺ϣʷ̫˶٣ɨһֻۣ˾ǻԶԶվţٟRֱЩȴĽ
ٟRһ֣ʷ̫ҲɱѲ²ˬ
ʷ̫ߣȫĳڡ
ٟRѲ߾Ⱥַ룬˴Ϊܣһƽ˿ڣطǽȥ򱱾µġ
ٟRЩڸ˵𣿡
ʷ̫һҭ
ٟRʣʷʦΪβ˵㲻ֱйĵô
ʷ̶̫̣ͨ죬δɣ¡J


252 ֮



ĵڶ 
ʷֻ̫Ѱ,ʵǧֽٟR⡣
һ̫ҲֻѰţǱǳ͢ҵıˡ
ʷ̫˼뿪ʹûлڸع,,Ŀ˲֪ãֻһ仰ڳΪһĿӹµĹԱ
ꡣ
ʱµ־,
ʷＸ˶ϿΣ,ʷ̫빬ϢٟRҲû뵽һ仰,,ƽʱʷʦֹֹû,Ϊʥ֮Եû뵽,ʷʦЩİ
ٟRʷʦһʷʦʱ£Լɡ
չЩ,ʷ̫ιľѧ,裬żٵΣʷʦ¶,Źѧϰù
ʲô£ʷʦٰ
٫h,ǾԼ顣϶͢д,ʷʦεġ
Ҷһ,ٟRôȥˡ
ʷ̫ȴֱӸ͢ռ,˵,Ҫʡ
Ҷ,ʷ̫ȻҪʡĵز˵ڸУ඼Щ棬ĥҪҪ˲εʷһ
Ϊ׸Ͼ֡ǣڳŮżٻؼʱʼ¡˵ʷ̫ԭҪȥѧѧδɱ빬ȥʲôԵʣ
չﲻʣ׵˼ǣ
֪ŮҪýһ鱨ֻε֮ʷ̫ռ٣ػڸ󵱲ȴմͬ
ͬչϴνκ󣬾ûϹʷʦĿˡϿε꣬ףôͬ
٣ȴׯˡ
ׯۡ
չʱôеİۡ룬Ǻ֣ʷʦճȥˣûԼˡ
ɲᱻŪȥ⵱бй¡
ʲôҲûᡣʷʦڽñ߶ϵı˵Ļֻ˾ţǶûǰչһٟRЩԴпǹǻʷʦͻȻӴ˴󾳽硣
ǿûۣϥϴ˯İèʷ̫ķȷ빫ء
ָè󳤵ëϰԵĸèëʮ˽ʷ̫빫ڱ˵ţǹȰµ¡
飬ûʷ̫ʷ̫ѣǺˡ
ôʷ̫ͻȻʡ
ѵǻ۰ʷ̫ˣ
÷ţɢŵ㡣۾гϸ״Ǻ£ʷ̫Щϳˡ
ߵֱ·ߣ빫ϵֱʹôʷ̫㻯ˡ
ٟRƽе԰ڣûȺã֪أ˵֮£˵飬Ļ
ǰʷͷúŪڲˣҿȥʷ̨һĸòʱҰѺܲƳüΡ
ٟRЦʷʦ˵ά裬Ϊϡʦѵ
ֱ̾ҵһ߿һ߶ϵıѩϵļģˡ
ٟRһֱĸпλ˾صĳ߰
ƳٟRеֱٟܰRûˡٟRЦ˰ƢԣĶܶһʷʦӡ
鿴ûĵҲЦˣʣʷҹӦЩл
ֻҪ棬ûҲ˰ٟRֻҪʷ̫߶߶ˣԵģʷ̫ܽĶڳϣȻò
ɶûƶٟRʷ̫
ǰʷͷЩɵöԸһʱظֱ·ߣҪˡ
æҲûʱٟR죬Ŷδǳȥ
ҲæµٟRֹȥÿӴھŮӡµ׵ʱ۫ӷ֣ϽΪ밲һ׮ϲ֣̫֣ʺԼٟRh£Ϊˡ
٫hߵ΢졣֣Цν˸衢밲׮ϲ¡
֣̫ʣļҶɣ
֣ʺҲϢ֣ϵڴ壬ң֪ҴҵءhҾѰһ򵥵ģ֪֪׵˼ҡ
֣ʺ˵㻹ʶ˼ң
֪֪׵Ĺʽ٣һǴҴ塣
֣Ц⺢ӹöϵãҲ֪
ٟRӣ˵˭
֣Цˣڹѧİ׹ݳ䡣
֣ˣ֣̫󶼳ԾС
֣ϼ˵밢ĸʶЩҲû⺢ӣŸǴҶ֪ġδȢĸҲĲСʵûˣǰص۶ҲżΡҿòã˵ӦòȰh꣬кЩءϸ˼ܺã͸ĸᣬĸһھӦˡ
֣ʺ󣬡׹ݳĸģ
֣ϵͷҼа׹ݳȻѯ
٫hߵС˵ĸףýʰɣ
ûϵǳʣа׹ݳҲá㲻ɣĵģҲЦǡ֣Ͻ̵Ů˹һ֣гг⣬ֵþԴ
֣̫ǿüĵĳ嶯ף²δ飬񲻹ʮꡣ⼸ѹѧܵҲ
ο׼ʷҶһһĴ壬ƫǵ²ס
ȷƵϡȼ򵥣֪ס
֣ʱ֣̫ʱ٫hϣ֣̫ҪһΪѡʵ
֣ЦҲѡ˺üֱ꣬žź⡣ϸĿ꣬ȷǸúӡ
ٟRʮ裬hѡºϸ񰡡
֣˵ǵȻˣһӵĴ¡ҿóע͡Ҵ棬hѡġ
٫hɬů
ٟR̾Ǹĸס
٫hƴͷǵģɺˡ
֣ЦеأѵӦô
ٟR˵ǰôûhҲȫû˵ͻȻġ
֣ϵ»δɣ˵hҲǷżٻؼңҸᵽ׹ݳҲŰ׹ݳͦãǾȰ¶Ž衢áйϲ
ٟRżٲŲ༸죬֣ϣ١
ȻŮ¶֣Ϻܿģ䲻Ҳ䡣


253 ֮



ĵڶ 
ô˵أ
һ׮˶벻ȴҲȫ¡
۳,˵䲻٫h
οټһ̽;ѧҲ˳ƵڳҲһһſ
ӰҲ档
ԭʷ,ĸ,һֱĸ˼
佫׼ұЯ,ƫǿǡ
ʷ̫ĹϵҲǽ귽ͣ׵ͬİ·,ʷҲ졣Ŀ״̬,۳ǿȸ׵ƵǿЩ
,Ĺϵͳļѡ
Ȼ,Ż磬ò,ഺĹټ壬ص
ҡ
̫.ʵʼ,ڸس,һҡ
ôˡ
ϣҶţ׹ݳⱲǸڸԵˡ
Ҫ˵²á
̫׵ֶŮ,۫ĵճŮ۫ΨһճŮ,۶֪۫ӷ,Ǽ
,ֻ䲻,γ䲻ϵġ
ɵ֣λ׺,׮,ɴֱּͻ飬һҫ֣ʺhףĿɵñݺ񡣡
֣ʺЦɵĶô˵ˣҾͲˡ
ɵ۴Ц
۫ӵͻʥּ۫۫ͷǹɻ֮ȥΥ͸вɢһЩ
׮²á
֣ἰ׹ݳ֮ǰ۫Ǿûǹ˵ġ
٫hǼеճλġ
۫һֱŮѰһ׮Ժ£и߹֮һ飬۫еģֻǻûȷѡĹټãټá
֣Ͼ˰䡣
֣ϵĻ˵׹ݳ̽ѧԲԡ˾ǰ״󽫾ھ˼Ҳ˵ˬ˫ȫҺϲ
֣һ˵ϲ۫Ҳ֣
֣Ͼ٫hһŮŮҲҲǲ٫h£֣ͬǲܵġ
֣ϱıûУһҪˡ
˵˭͵Դ
ϸһ룬ȷǸѡ
֣ԣһϵĴڡ
ĿСٶˣʷʷ̫ʷ̫ϵС
׼Ҹ˵䳤󣬰䶼հˡ˵Ҫʷ̫ϵв״󽫾ҪԼϡ
ҪǣСԼܸɡ
ο֣ϾŮ۫۫һĥҲɣ
ּͻ飬͸ˡ
ֻǰһ׮£֣۫ϵϱͬĸǱ߶ʷ̫棬ǰ״󽫾أ
иԳȻô
֣ϵУȥʡ
ڼҽӵͻ飬úɰ˴ּ̣º䵭Ҳ˼ϲɫ
ʶ٫h
࣬ó֣һŮӡ
Щ꣬һֱڹ鹫飬żʱ
һֱδ飬ʲôëĽᡣ
һֱûʵġ
Ҫ˵ʲôǺʵģҲģģ˵
ټʱȫĶڿȡϣûϡƾٸУܵĵҲ٣ԭҲ˻Ѱһλͻ۵ӡ
ɺ޵ǣǸ֮ʱƣͷعʷҡ
һŭ֮׷ûռűˣΪЩԭĺü嶼⣬Ǿ鼤ƫִֵز䡣
ʣ»Ը׵ģŮŮʲôģʢһˡ
Ϊ٣һȥ͵ˡ
ԣҲȢ
ڣ𽥳һҪŴ֮ŮҲϾźʵŮӲźá
ȻӣԹż
ȫûФһԳ꣬ӵĵճŮ;Ե
û뵽֣边Ȼ
ֲɵĸ֣豾Ͷ꽻飬Ҳ֪ĺáϵµĺԵȽס
Ͻʥּ˾ˣǾ󽫾ýˡ
ûҹȥԸ˵һھ˼ң佫Ϥ
ұ˼һȥ
Ӧ
£ʷ̫֪Գ١
Ҳûʷ̫˵һʷ̫һֱΪֶӵ²ģûӰæ⡣
ʷ˳Ӧ꣬࿴Щ㣬κʷ̫ҪߣԼֶ̽ò˫ȫһҪֶѰһȹ㡣
κһȹûģǣⶼѰˣûѰġ
Ȼֶ˵۫ӵճŮʷ̫ʣʲôʱ£ô˵͢ͻһҲ⣬ɱ´ͻ飬Щ档
ǰ졣
ˣʷ̫ʱ͸֪ġ
һ֣ңĸġĸǰء
ʷ̫٫hü꣬٫hĸߣҪ˵Թڡѵ˳ȷһһĺù㡣ֻأ
䲻⣬кη
ʷֶֻ̫̾СûԼЩ̵ǰ̡ʷָ̫ȥڸ೼һλҵģ
仹¡
⣬һЦܲ󣬿Ǳ£ѵȢ˭ӲɣһֱΪڸ˭ܰڸϳȥɣ
ʷ̫ƽϲı飬д־ұˡ
ʷ̫˼ֶֺӣ²ģ㲮ĸȥæʣý˭
ʵ󽫾
ʷ̫µ佫һ룬һýĹýˡ
αģҲǰų֮ˡ
¶ԴͻˣǸ֣Դʷ̫˵ųҲÿʲôʱʹʱվ˻Ϊʷء
ʷ̫һ֣ôˡ
ӣһв
ֻ˵
䵭ҳ׵ʱ򣬲Ǹˡ
ʷ̫һȰ˵㸸ס
ллɿ
ʷ̫Ȱ۳Ҳǳɼҵˣβ˻عںأ£ɡ
볤ɣҵǱƷԸ֮
ʷ̫ӲֶƬ̣ǲǿðɡȻֶӵļ򣬡ɼҵǴˡ
䣬Ǵˡ
ǲһġʷ̫ų֡ڷġЦݣһůҲ¶Щ΢Ц⡣


254 ֮



ĵڶ 
һ,Ϊ˴֡
ӱӹľһ,Ҳǵһ,ӹʽʹˡ
Ƿʮ꿪ʼÿ,Ÿѧϰ⼸꣬ûȥ˽,,ûʽ볯ǰ,ӡ
,಻شڳ£ֻĸʡĸĸԼͿˡ
Щ๬Ů,ĿϲûйֻིעٹΪΪأɵ֣ʺ֮,ĸٴ֮ɡ
˭ë
׺ͬ,۶ӻŮӣҪϵת䡣ԣ,ʷ̫ô볯˷ԡ
Ӵ,ҪΪڹ͢á
,һҲһŶۡ
ͬϴ,ӹλͱ֣,Ҳӽʱ,ӱ֣̫,ʹʹʦ񣬻иݵڻ
ӳ׺͸ĽҲͬ
Ƕ˳׺ĵһ꣬ӱİšͺܲ٣н̾ѧнʷѧģнֵģн̽ģܼʮλ
⵹ʲô£ӱٟRʱٟRҲ
ӱҲԼһÿҲͣݲͬȻҪЩ
ӱٟRλ񵥣ľţûɶοֵ
ӱ˵еƫ۶ʦô࣬ʦļࡣ
ʦһʦһˣǵȻöչʦˡ
ӱٟR˼Ϊʦϵðɡ
ǰΪϵãŸҪչٟR˵ӱ㣬ҲʹʦһЩָʦ࣬£ʦ
ӱЦǰûʽȻ٣Ժġ˵£ܳã־ͬϲС¸ʦɰ⣬ҸʦȻҵ⡣
ӱҲϲʦҲƫʦҲٟR˸
ΪӱΪԼĴɩ·żٺ٫h˶ԼңٟR¾ͰŰӱһS
Ӽ£ٟRŰӱһаӱ㲻ʶģٟRȸȥٟ꣬RĶǲóѫ˻߹ٽ׵͵ھͬ
ͬǣеλڼ֣̫֣ʺûмٟRҲ⵽滨Ժȥ밲
ԭһ˼ţҲȥ
滨Ժˣʡһδӹ
ٟRͼ֣֣֣ĸŮҶףЩ׻ࡣٟRʣոһֱڻ֪ģ壬ôûһ
֣ЦǰǸ˴ѩ￴˿ѩѹӲᣬЩׯϣ򷢳ȥˣ˵ׯѹ˺üӡҴȥׯͷæ壬ⲻģԴ˹ȥ
ٟR˵±عס
֣˵Щ䣬սϲֽţͣׯϡ
ӱЩˡ
ǰ֣˲Ԥ˵Щ£ٟRʣжˣ
֣˵ǧˡ
ٟRһЩ£˵͢ûиǰô
֣ڹ빫Ծ·ǳϱͣʱ͢һɱս¶࣬սıʿҲܶࡣս²еģҲģξ֮ǰмңǴؼȥˡһЩɱȢ޺˾Щʵڲе޴ȥģɱ̫Ϻ㽫Ǵׯϣڷԡ
ٟRϸʣ
֣˵Ѱʿۣģսģ屶²еģıΣ飬˰ҲӦ⡣һھУĸ֮˰޶֮˰֮սĸ˰ȫ⣬ڼؽڣ˰ȫ⣬Ů˰δɶǰ⣬ɶա²ߣ˰ھһ£عٸÿչ
ٟRͷӦġǶΪ͢͢Ӧ
˵˾䣬費Ǽҽĺ
֣˵˼ǫڼҲ͹ܹЩ֪һЩ
ٟRʣӱ㣬ƽҲ°ɣ
ӱͷս²У߹ضС
ǺãһȥЩ䡣ٟRһаģʵе㰮ı޲ܹػȫ硣ǲѽ
֣˶ˣ£ǧ֮ѩأ·ԶСҪʹЩ⣬Ǵůȥ
ٟRһ֣õģҾšңЩȥһԣҲֺꡣ
¶ˡ
֣Уô죬ѹſǺã֣ЦұżׯԶҸȥһһضׯЪһաĸܷġ빫»ĸ׵ģȴ¾⣬ůͣͻһȥ
֣ɫһɣٟR֣ôԶô
֣СׯݲˣǴׯӣ쵽ˡ꼽ݴѩҸ粻ģȥƵġǰĵֵ˵ˡҪԾԸȥֹ¶Ҳһġ
ٟRѧƣֻѧʱ˳ѧģʣѡսʿôҲǾ֮һȡӾ֮ɳ͢ѵֹ¶
־
Ĵ֮һƽ﹩סÿ겹ı䲢ࡣ
֣Ȼ״󽫾αϸ񣬴ǰѡ䣬ѵ
ٟRԼҵһ׮£뽪ӱ˵ӱ㣬ȸϾһȥơ
ӱҲ뿴߾Ĳͬð
֣ٵݣھУҲûǰŶٟR뽪ӱˣůΣɹиֵȸڲҪĹҲϡɡϾֱɢݣٟRĻ˵ҲλĴ
ٟR˵򲻱ˣټĻҶûôģֱӰϱĴ󽫾ǰиʥ
״󽫾ȸ󽫾ľԼƽʱѵʿиȻչƾǺԼϵġ
״󽫾˽֣˵ɱֻˣʲô¶ڴЩϻعһΣ֣ǰ״󽫾͸Ŷ˿©ûУ˹ޡĵ֮ңؼβϱУЩС覴Ҳˡ
֣ЦãҲû뵽Ѳӽ
ʵ´ӵѲӣšΪǳĿʴȣɶ״̸ָġ
¸ǸĻᡣ
һСС˵ȵӻ
ؼϲ
йһ䣬С¹ְѱߣ嶼Ҫܡ
ϱõǾҲλĴ
׳˼ֱ룬ǵôۣ˵;Ǽֱߵ˾ͷ
£ֱ̫ˣ


255 ֮



ĵڶ 
ԭͶ,ӻҵ͢޲ǧͷӦӲϾҾŵúϢ,,ٟRӲϱ¡
ٟRѵϱλ󽫾ָĸ˵,ֱ񻰣ɢĸһɳƵġͷ,䳡ĵˡ
֣̫ɵ۶ѽӵϱλ󽫾,ʱľ,,ðϱ¡
ʼ˿ڲࡣ
¶֣̫ٹ
ɵü,춼ի䣬׼ճǼꡣ
R㿴ϱףôĸ,ѵλ󽫾
ٟR,ҿϱʵڲϾ죬ѱͷƭҸӱ㡣˵ɺޣرû̸ƽϣһϾ,ֱһ繷ʺƷУ»,⻹̣
ɵ۵,Ǵ,и³̡
֣̫,˵˵
,ڸһ,ͷϱ黯һ֮£ҪüΡ
ٟRֱ˵Ȱѱ顢顢һ٣ȥ뷨ӡ÷ǽҪ벻ꣿߣ
ٟRһߣߵ֣̫ɵĸӻһۣۼҹҪ
룬ʧ죬ϡ
ٟRбͷֳǲǣϾǲϱϱвһѲ˸ϵ
£ͬĸλĸ˵˵ڸ顣ϱǱߣµģְֵϱλ󽫾˭ϡϱҪĪ粨źá
ٟRͬĿ֮£̩ɽؿɲѡ
֣̫Ǿô졣ηԸǣ¶סֱӰ½ٟRá
ɵ۾ŹŮСŮһοֵģֲѧ϶Ҫ顣
δĸ顣
顢顢࣬ⶼǹԱе̳һϱܵѵ⣬ңǻ˵ģһ͢ʮꡣ
˽ϵٹҪϱ֮¡
Ҳǰ˸壬ӦԾϴѯ
ǶģŵٹʱǧйڳϱһǸһ䣬ְ뱲ѱ
ֻǣǶԹԸ˽⣬ڴͻϮѲӽϱסϱ϶Ҫֵġ
סٹˮ¥̨¡
һˣĶǶʹ
ĽģоĽҹŮ䣬ü⽻飬ƹ϶øֱ档
ҹŮˣŮ깫̫ңŮĹŮǻ׸֮Ůʤһ
ڶգ˴룬һɫ糺ٷ糯ٹ̧ͷһƣ̫ʵ۱¡ӡԼ̫׵һС۵Ĺ¡
֣̫ɣϱ£Ҳ˵ˡ˵˵ɣôġ
֮УְͣҲλ֮ϯȲ಻Ϊڸ֮סʶǰʹļףʧ֮
ٟRһ⻰̲סۣ˵ǵҲŲ㲻֪ǲֱϱ˽¸߸һϱ黯ˡ㲻Ǵ󽫾͸ûֱӹϵˡ֣ڸศܸ޸ɣ
ȻͬһͬԹ䡣
࣬׸ͷβַ¶Ҳ㣬£ҲӲ
๪ѵ
飬ϱڵĿȫ˭ĿˣöϹô
ྭ򽻵ÿ⣬λΪĶס˵СƵģģλӦԡ
˸ձٟRѵĹѪͷʱµĻܻһ
ΪϹӡҲû롰ʧ֮һ£֪ٿ˵Ӧ̫̰壬ҹٿ̣Σֲʧ˵ŵ౾ϱڵĿˣͷȥձϳ¡λ¡ϱᡢǨİһҪһգҲɳϡ
ٟRϢԻ֪ˣ֪͸ĵĳ⡣
˵ϱ֮£ҪвöϡĲȡλ󽫾ǴǸְ죬дʾ
ԹԸƷϹԱѷϽΧοǽ󽫾⣬඼ƼѡһнԾϲö
ɵۿĸף֣̫󽫾ϱ״󽫾ܱϱˣʵҪټϱľղȥ顣ǰҪ¡
˹ǡ
ٟRЩģܲɣ
ɵۣRԳв죬ࡢ顢鶼һһܳʹǣֻܷġ
˵ٟR㲻˵ʲô
ģ˴űһͷȺٹˡ
˵Rλ̫Ͽˣ֪ƽʱġǽԳйţҪһЩֱ档
ٟRΪ⣬֣ҵıԣҳ㳪ǲ¡
ɴ˫⻹ıˣҿͦеġ
ıԣҲҵıԡöٟ꣬Rҿɲǻ㣬ӡ˭ҪҲ⣬ұص˵㿴໥ĺ֣ǰ֣ϣ޷졣
Цõʱ䳤ˣ˵а
ٟRЦɲǻ̫.ʵѹôཾټɽôЩõĻƭˣǽ̻յġΪңԭ͸ġ
֣ԺѰ¾͸ҡʵŪҲں
۱ŲٟRҡͷЦŪģһһУΪǵ̤̤ʵʵ£ؽ̻Ȼк
һʷʦĿǡ
ٟRֳ⣬֣ɴȥˣ⼸첻ǵϱϱ
Ǵ£ܵ顣ףǷҪ¹˼ңǵĵ
֪ûȥҲ½ġΪŮûмʸٟRزЩҪȥҸӱȥ
ɵףжӣǹɩ˹ȥƱǡ֪ôô
ٟRϸ˫ǲģ˭Ҫô飬Ҿôɵ׸ġ
ɵۣ
ЦҿRȳдѲˡʣɩȥɡӱڼƽأԾвİRһȥǵоͷ
ɵƽһζԼĸЩͬ飬пǿ϶оͷ


256 ֮



ĵڶ 
ٟRȾȥϱ,λŹȥһȥϱ
ռյµż㣬չ￴,ݸס,Ҫȥϱǲ鰸Ůһȥ
չĸоȫͬ,Щ˷ܣ,,Ҫ׼ʲô
ͷصѹ̩ɽ,ūëĶû,ż㻹Ůȥ˾͸ڹ,׼
չ˵ɵúúõ಻װ,ĲϢ,ȥѲϱɵپ׸ص,϶Ҫѽ
˵ҲضûС
ǵʲôʱ,չﵹˮݸס
ϵ,ȥʲô
ǹİ,,Ȼˡչ˵,˵,Ĵ£϶ҵģΪǹĵһɽһųʶ
չｫٟRµķֺ
϶Ҳϰhǡչ˵
չ¿϶Ҳȥġ£ɲС¡
ȿˮº..Ҫ³ꡣ
չ˵ҲǺˡ
ǣԭڼҸĸ׼ױ٫hڼѧϰµ桢ʷͷ£׼ڶ㹫ȥϱ鰸
޷ĸƽ޹ԭǵ۶һѫ㹫²鰸϶ڼҪ
٫hң۫ŮҪȥϱ鰸ͷûֱû˹أһŮȻҪֽ֮£
۫ӲҪըȥŲ鵹ˣôĵϳãЩɶɶСѾͷǸϹ͡
κ۫Ƶ꣬۫ˣ۫ԹҲ٫hȥ
Ϊ֣˵˾䣬´˳Ŷ̫±Ȼ֪ġ
۫ҲδˣʣȥѰĻ˵ȥˡ
ʷҵα۫ҪЩʷ̫ҲΪŮӲ־񡣵ΪĹٵʷ̫ܺϱĶϸڣȻŮΪ٣ʷ̫Ů¶⣬̺ù¡
ʷö飬иʷٵ룬ܵµĹ裬ʷʷࡣ֪Ļжѵã֪֮жҪ游ʷĴ¶סʷɫ游ģұظѧϰ
ڶ죬
ٟRδŹװһĽۣڹױٷ֮䣬ûйױķȹٷѾʮһ꣬ʼӣСʱԲģճϸݵѩ׵ķëɨŮգ۵ü۴ʱڶе
ӱʽҲٟRơӱ곤ˬڣʱһ
һɩ밲ٟR֣ôˣ
ռ¸ٵţ֪ҪȥϱҲҪȥˣ³»ϡ󽫾״󽫾Ǳߣ֪ǣȥϱȵ¡
ٟRµȷܵ밢պ񣬡Уһȥչ١
ǣٟRӱͬ˵ǳ٫hչԼĳӣҲԼ
ֻϣ޿飬ٟRȻǰλӦ٫hչＸ˶ǹ̹ģ˵Ǽλ׸ѵС׹
ǣĸ湫֮Ȼࡢ顢
ϱžڻʳǸƬӱ㵽ˡ
ϾһȸžǣȥϾš󽫾Ѿˣ״󽫾Ҳڡλ󽫾󣬳󽫾·֪ҪûǰʰίˡٟR󽫾İ칫
ٟŖͷһɨǽϹһİ쵻Ƥѩ׵ĺƤ棬ΰڷűīֽǰźƤΣƤӾʹһȡٴһСϵһײߡ
ٟRôӣ˾ǴŹ˽еĺƤѸٻְһ̫ʦιúλŮٷֱٟR뽪ӱ̫ʦˡ
չˣٟRϡ
ʱ衣
ӱһʽ볯£ǻбҪڡٟRÿЩǣֱһָǰӣɡ
лǰˡ
ٟRʣô飿
ûϻûٟRҪô顣ٟRСԾȻ졣ִѶ󽫾֮轫ˣÿλɽˣξУξ˾סк˾ꡢִꪳ˲ȡһͬʣڹԱȣвأѲϱ˲黯̰ḭ̄īĿһԣϱǸʲôΣҲ֪ˡ
ϱ֮£ͬСɡ˾ͬ顣
ٟRǾͰ̲¡ʷ̨һ顣ߵٹܹ̹ٵڹһˣ̲顢䡢ʷһ
ܹȥ
£˾ͬҪּ̫á
ٟR뵽ĸ븸Ҳ뵽һعȻּ¾ͱƽЩȽˡüĿô죬ÿ˸һ̯¶ס񲻹ʲôʱ򶼲οǽ֮¡
Գ󽫾󽫾״󽫾Ǿ֣ϱﲻӰ䣬⣬ǴһЩؿɿĽϱĽͨʿ䰲ġ
ٟRȻнԵҪ󣬱ҲСгԾ˵Ů깫β鰸֮뵽ģȷмֲġ
ܹٹĴܹܣȥˣû̫Ŀּܲǹ½룬λسٱŤҲû˿ĥ۶˵˴鹲ϱǹȥҪ鰸ˡ
ǣ˷ͷʹ̱˳ˡ
Ķ
ᣬλҲٟRˡʶʱ仹ְѧ̰īӲʽ䡣
ٟR顣
֪ǲǹȵĹϵһٳϻûУ˾̽ϱ⣬Իֳ룬鰸ʱҲ顣
ǽǰ참ϵģңذҪᵽǵİͷ
ʶϱ˾ȴû˿šɵϣִʣᣬְͣѸٽԣϳʹ¡
ٟRӹ濴ˣҲֻдܣٟRҪɵ֮˹
Ӧǡ
ٟRµݸӱ֮࣬࣬ƣ֮
顢ոһ۵ģٽ´λ鿴˶ţûɶ⡣
ٟR飨̲飩ʷʷ䣬ھͻŰ֡Ҫ˾˽פϱ
ת飬λҽּ
ֶԳ׶˵˹ϱ񣬰ģвأͷ
ǡ
ٟRϹҲֻһյ裬綼û㽫۵ףꡣλжţƽ͢¶ûôЧʡ


257 ֮



ĵڶ 
֣̫󶼱ٟRĹЧһ,ϵӣ֣̫Ͱּɡ
͡
ٟR뵽ѧİ,ҪȻ´,㲹һ䣬רϲԾġǸ˾,ǸŹѺķˣҪĸҲηԲ,ĸԲĸŸ
༸ɵ,׷,Źмʦ,Īǵҹˡûֱ˵
ձٟṞĲ,Сλ׷ԡ
Ϊ٣òһ,·,˾Ȼİǣܸ
ٟRƳһۣͷզеɵ,Ŷ͸,ܸǾԼ
ԭڷ̡
ûҧԼͷ,Լ졣
ľĵѹ,,,ȥּ
ɵ۵ּ⵱㴫˾ϱ,λ󽫾пսϸϱľ
вĶǽ٣ְûʲôġ
ȱԱɣʮˡS
ǵ۶ѮҪ飬ɵľзۡ
׶˳£ɵɫѿһļǺôĵӣ
ܳȱԱΪÿ궼ᶨļѡβ֣ңһһѰ˼Һ޲ܰѺ͵Ī˵һְٰ޹ְͨ䣬Ҳܲá
Կûˣ˲ܵĻ̰ī֮¡
󽫾Ͼּ⴫У淢£Ҳ򳼳ӹϾֻյʮݾٱδϸµ˾飬֪¡
״󽫾ǱҲƾٱǿ˿۾ãһþгټϲ£±Ҫշӡ
ܷŭֱ޳ܡ
ٟRεƤεҲ߯ˡ
׶ͬξ֣󽫾λϣʵûҪѹǼ
αʽвͬ˵׽ԭ档
ٟRĸ˵ϱİӹȻҪܵ飬ӿ࣬Ӷôɴˡĸλ󽫾Э˾²
ŶѧϰҲ֪伲࣬ǰȸҲϣҲùꡣ
֣̫⿼ϣ̰ñطһգ۳꣬ǰѲ
˵ÿ궼ҪʹͽεʹͱҪÿλʿһһ塣Щ̰īҲ߽ʿػһĲĸ׷
ٟR⣬֣ʱȥοοı䡣
ûá
ɵͬʱŭɢ룬¾ô졣
ٟRʳ׶ˣϱôЩˣҲһõĶûС֪ŵĲʹҲ֮˵ĲʹһûзϺõġҼá
˹ٰݴ󽫾Թ֮ȴǴ׶˿֣̫ɵۣ֣̫ʣЩʲô
ٟR˭ǰѿ˳۵Ƨط顣ϱ£ԼϤҼ˵˵ܶԱ˾ûĲ顣
׶ˣͲ۶治١
ɵҲǺЦ˵ȻҪǱҼٟR㻹йҪææĹô
ٟRһڣСһ
ɵסЦ⣬Щ磬ɡ
ٟRʣµͣгϱʹ͡
ɵ۵ÿѳˡ
ǾͰʱ䶨ں죬û׼ּͰ¶ٟR䣬
ɵͬ⡣
ٟRԳ׶˵ϱҲˣͨίʵǰһʹͣؾǣǱԴװԴ˵Ŷ֮Ƴ
׶˽й˵Цˣ࣬Ҳͬϱı䡣ƴ䣬ȸͬܣ
ٟRͳƳϱûµӲӡ
ǡ
ٟRп֣Ҫ˶Ƴ󽫾״󽫾ͺˡ
ЦǡλһձͳƳϱʵбĿʵڰ˴æ
˽ԵųȼϱԵġ
ٟRҪ˵˵꣬ûɶ˵ˡĸףɵ۵ϱڰ飬ĲʹȸֵֶһЩ

֣̫Ħŷϵķ˵񻨣ܾûУ佫ˣȸƷ죬ξм⣿²Ҫÿ˶дӣҿг
ɵۿĸףٟR۾һĸԶǰϱҪԤͳϱ½ˡ
׶ǡձ֪ȫ
ٟRϸ˫ۣţĸѣҲи⡣


258 ֮һ



ĵڶ 
ٟR˵Сһ,˼ȫû
ûϱµʱ͸Ų͹¡бȹҪģˡϾͰѵڶĹ񶼰׵, ڶһ,̵󳤹Ѵ󳤹
ٟRĸ֣̫˵ĸڼƽ,϶֪£ĸ˵˵,ͷоϡ
ӱչ,ɷϸ˵ϱһЩ,Ц,ϾÿɿˡȻ̰ī±áñ,Ȼܽãʤ̡
Ҳ֪ôѡɿĽأ
ӱҲ̸ֻܷˡ
ƽ󳤹ƽʱҲ,ڽ,æҲˡ
ٟR,ЦˡٟRһ󳤹ˣȥŴ󳤹,ĸ,˵εӴ,
ߵıȽӱ,ӱ,סĸһֱۡ󳤹Ц,Rʲô£
¡ԼԭĺƤø󳤹ٟRһ䣬رҪĴ¡
ӱдЦĸְӹٟRָӹˣҷŹĸҰŹĸ
󳤹Ųյ֣̫˵ɩ̷ģôϰµġ
֣̫Цˣ㡣
󳤹ͷˣٟRڴ󳤹߶ȵ˵ϱ£ĸ˵û
һǰ㡣ҲûϵѽϱǽƽǱ߾
ٟR㽫ϱĶ֪˴󳤹ҸӱȥϾһˣⰸӽ˾졣
󳤹ףһʧԻٳǡ˾ǶԵġ
ĸѾѡ½졣ĸԾͰ˵˵ƽصľ¡ƽû£
󳤹ЦкӲ͵͵ģ
ٟR𾪣ѵƽҲ̰֮£
Ȼ󳤹ΪʲôҪξξָʵд񲢲ֱء෴󲿷־ְԣξܴһǿйԱٿ汾£ԱǷ̰īǷְЩξ
ٟR׷ʣһ㶼Щʲô£
󳤹мֲΪȻЩµģΪǮΪȨҪǰ壬ǣûԵġ
ٟRʣǮô
󳤹ʣǮжǹˣǣҲҪ̰һ𣬶Ǯ
ĸƽʱôģҿƽ²ࡣ
ҸյƽصʱƷ죬ȴǼƽش󽫾ʱоɢ½ģҲƽ󳤹ȫһһĥȰסô£µʱ䡣
϶Ҳ³Կãǡ
ǰ󳤹ֻҪһĥҲĥá㿴λ󽫾һܰϱŪɼ͢ϱƿǿ̫ǡ
ٟRܻ⣬ʱ͢Լƽصƿô
󳤹ȿڲ裬˵ù͢ȥƱ±Ҫ֮ã˵ƿûƿʱƽرμ˵㡣
ٟRʷҼǵ幫س̫ξ̫ξϲˡô˵幫ŪȨ֮
󳤹ҡͷ˵Ҳǡ̸ְһǸƽδáƽرμһִģһ֧μҶ꣬Ȼ̫.ʵǶйˡ
̻ܶˣʱֵܡӶŮսм屻μ˵幫ԭֵˣֵʮˣ̫.꣬幫ǴжֻʣȢĴΣǰλҶսȥֶսˡ幫ĳӾΪ̫.ʵ
󳤹Щ£ʷϼ¼û֪ϸ
ٟRμҲд󹦵ġ
Ȼ󳤹ºƽμҲʱ̫ˡˡͬšսѡ˶սȥˡ׽ɽƽ̫.ʵ۵ǻȻίֵܡ֮ҷ⹫Ȩһұ㸻ˡ
͢ίǣҲίˡܻģ޲ǾһߵϽϱĸһʹ̫ƽˣùˡ󳤹ʲôǺӣǶ٣ŸǺӡɸ޼Ҳһˡ
͢幫ߵϣġٟR
󳤹һҵʱյƽأ˽⵽һЩ£ҲߡּȰңһһμҲμҵѴЩ죬û¶٣ҲһɱˡμҲϻˡ
ģôϻסμҴӻƽ
ٟRͲˣойĸǶԵģΪηսսѵμҸı
󳤹ʧЦ˵ġR߾ιһִģǶμҸǶԳ͢
ٟRĬƬ̣ĸһʣûˡ
ɼǸˡ󳤹ο̣ǻûʲôҸԷ󽫾ιǶҸ½죬ǶƺġұʱֵܽμҺӶǶһġϾͲһ
μڱ߾ߣⲢŪȨһһǹƴɱģ֮飬֮߾Ľʿǣҳաƽȣ;սˡȻͳԼɱԼա
ԣμѣһһĥƽƽģȴ̺á
󳤹Цǹ̵ģңҲûϷ˵۵糸е¡Щɣ
ûСٟR˵ҿ游ֹ˹ģ彫緶˵˼ʱ̼ͣԭԡ
󳤹ЦԹˣüëʱҪġ
ٟRֱ֣̫֡ĺôҾ˵һһ䣬һһȻʡJSG
󳤹һַĵ׵ͬɩ׼
ƽصϱͬ󳤹ҲȤٟRŴ󳤹һֱ˵źɵุӼعɫ磬󳤹ǳȥ


259 ֮



ĵڶ 
ɵۼسǺ,ٟRټ˽һ׽бµ,͸,һһ游ţϰӱ,αĹ¡
ᣬԺӸ,Ҳǲ֡
̫.ʵΪʲôȥƽأٟR,Ǽʮǰľ,ɼ,ҳбó⣬һҳòҶֵƥһƷʼ,в̫.ʵһ۱㿴´ŭ,̫¡ƽв˾Ա뽫카,ӳó׶Ի˴һȵ
ٟR˽ⲻӱ,ҪͨĴһҲ
ԡֻ̰,±Ч֮,Ҳе,㻻ٴһȵ˽,Ū֮¡˵
ٟRͷ,֮ǰʷ̨ûвƽصô
֮ǰЩС¡ƥϵ,ʧ
ٟR˵̫.ʵ۾ɹ游ȥļƽذɣ
ǰףõƻһΪģٟRӱƷ
ٟRʣ游㵱ʱʲôо
ȻǷּС
˵һǿʹĸ˵ǳƽؿɲˡٟRܶģвʹзʲҲпһǿ㵱ʱɶоӴʵһչԼˣʹѰ죬û
ӱһЦӹø۸̣Ƥ۸㡣
ҳѰټ壬Ҹ׵̫.ʵ۵÷Ʒ졣ҲھУԾ˽һЩȻ֪ʹס̫.ʵּ֮ǰټңʹҵ˼һؼҿȥݼ˵ҶԼƽصһЩ⡣̫.ʵ۱ȥˡ
⼸ٟ꣬RȻ̫.ʵӢĹͬҲ̫.ʵ۶ŮӽĽٟRǺϲλڣʱҲóϣ̫.ʵۻǺ·ģҲʶ֮
ºŵϸ˿˿ǳЦǶٟRССʹԲѵݡ
游ξѵʲôٟRʡ
ۡ
ϸ˵˵
ҼҳѰʱսңǻ̫СǸĸշתڱȽƽĳ򡣺̫.Ǿͱ۶ʱԸÿܳԱܰĶ顣˲Ҳʳڵˣһʱ֪жڶµط̬ҲźÿҶʣֻ˽Ŭϰ
һͻᣬһؼҿҪʮܼסǴҲãƯҾĬĬѧϰ֪ΪʲôͻȻ˵Ȼõȵ̫.ʵԹ˿и
ᣬǣұָǹĸԸҽ˺Ȼ֮ࡣҳԷʱ֪ҪӦԡ֣˵ϲͽţϲؾ̫࣬˷ա
֣˭ٟRʡ
֣µ游۾䣬ʶа֣ϰˡ
Ǹִˣ˵ɼˣҶĻŬ˵
ٟRɴ۾񣿡
ǰ֣ڵ۶ʶĵһѣǣҵʱܴˣ룬۶˶ôȴƯôѽﶼԱˡ˵Ҳ֪֣Ǽ󲿷ֶͨˡ
ΪŬ׷ҾͻһĻҵիÿ۵ʱͿܴŬˡ
ӱ֣ôû游鷿￴񣿡
ĸ֣ϲҰѻˡЩźʵϣƽųݻ첻ͻ𻯡
ٟRЦѽ仹Ȥ°
ٟR˵ĸĸҪá
ǰ̫ƽڹʱϵͺܺˡ⣬ƽ֣ܾ̰ɡ
ٟRߴ٣游˵
ҸƽףҾͶԽԽˣ˿òвŸɶǰδĿ޷׷ӿҪûһ㡣լ͵أұӻϼҵԶҲˡǸûжˣл˵ϲáÿҹʱ涼˯ˣҾͻĿʡЩôʱԸҴδ츻ҵԸǳԱ飬һˡ
ҵȻ֪иõĲʹҲñϲʹаҾ취ҵİĵ
ҵԸʵˡǷƽ͵Ц⣬Ϊ˵ãҳʱѴ뾸ƽԴҲ֮ģ׬ġÿḡ֮ʣͻһԸлᣬҲ˵ܶһ¡Ҳÿ¶ãҲüûþͼӱŬﲻﲹ
Ҿƽƽġ
ЩǸ⣬̫ƽˣûܰﵽĵط
ôءҪ˶游ʢͲԶˡٟRɫ
ҡͷõĽӷڸɾĵҵŵº֣ʱǶһĿȻˣĽ֣ҲעҪ£еΡ
ٟRţǫ飬ԽĿޣȴѵõǫѷһͼЦĿдŹǼȼ־ʵ


260 ֮



ĵڶ 
ǫѷ
ּټٵϵǫѷ,ܸоĵǫѷ
游ϲ
ٟR롣
ǵٟRϲڻҵһпڽԱɵŽ,š
л,´ףﻶϲ,ǹżƽڹ,ϼƽҪһˡ
ɵЦ,,޾Ͳˡ˾ʹ,ɴȥͬ
лʹ͡
ˡ
ӱĸ,游
ٟRҲϲλ游һͬͣǿûȥðӱ游ദ,Ӧøðɡ
ٟR롣
ȻٟRҲΪӱ游ʱټ,ָоӱӦԼȥͰɡ
ٟRڰ֣游,пնһ㽲¡
ü,õġ,Ҳ͵°
ر
ȡ,,ȫع˷,Լϵáӱ游߳ٹ,ϦûϼͣӳЩФƵüۡ
ԶԶ׺
ϸ緢ʣӱڹĺô
ӱ¼δãЩ£ģĸĸ󡢰RҺܺãҲǿӣҲദҾе˵ĸо
˵˵
ǰڹRһˣҲͦáڰRҲҺףҪ¶ҡ¹ͦģС꣬ٹ£ϾͰѵڶķɺˡæһЩҪĳ񡣡ӱЩйǰֻ죬ڣѹãҲһ£Щ˲
ӱյ游ͷأ
ŲĲģһͷһͷȹͷ
Ȱѹ˳
Ǿѧϰ񡣡Լġ
ӱ˵RҪ¶һ֪Ҳ֪Ще¡᲻Ṽĺ⣿
ʣ¶ֱ˵Ϊʲôֱͬ˵أ
ӱˣҲͣ
ҲͣŮұָĸʱҲǻûʧ˺һӣʱ涼֪ദʱ䳤ˣ֪ΪҲһѪˡһ飬ʱûѪԵҲΪˡο빫ѪˡJ
ӱõ˿̹ʲôֱԱɡ
ӱЩ˼Сʣ游ǲ̫̹ˣ
ᰡҪˣỼûʧ֣صĶԴԶްݡ
ӱһֱ游ͷǰܿΡѵ¹ˣ游Ҿ㵽ˡ
áذɡŮӻ֣ʹ̷ߵˡ
ӱվһԶԶһٹ࣬פƬ̡ˣȻࡣ
סӱ֣Щˣôվ
ӱסɷ֣Ҹ游Զ£͵һ
ô˼ڹţ
ˣ游ĸһڸæȥˡ
Цۣλʵ
һٹȥӱ˳ʣǴϱôÿ˳
Ҫˡ
ôҪ죿ԭǽ찡
ҪңӻµʮһĹ͵󣬽Ҫȥһܷÿʿ
ӱ˽ⲻѧϰ񣬲湻ĥġ
һӣ껧æÿæҹ
ӱüæҹʹҲû갡
ӵ֣궼æ°ɡ
ӱûٶԡ
ֻǵٹٟRҲǹҴ£ž򻧲ûˣҲԹ˻һءȥ磬ӱӹԣ˵ͺˡ
ٟR˵ҸһȥҪǻҾ͸̸̸ġ
֪϶֣ɡ
ǻִ̫áһµòǿƣæٟR˵
뽪ӱӱ㣬һȥ
ӱϰԵҪӦ뵽游Ļ̹ʵٟͬR˵£Ȼ׵ҾͲȥˡҼ޸µĵһ꣬ҵúԤǹ£ʱýһ˵³׾ǸǰһˣǰãС
ӱ˵ĴҶЦ
ɵ̲סͬĸһ䣬Ȼ¸Ųһźá
֣̫Ҳοӱڴӹ߳ˣǻɡ֣̫󲢲⽪ӱϲ񣬻ǸעⶼûϵҪǣӱҪ׻λãӱҪԦֶݡӱİͲϸˡ
֣̫¶ĵϲãи
СЩ˼
һǹҲǴá
һʼԺ󻹻áӱ
̹ʵ˵ĵ뷨ӱ˶һչִݵĸоٟRȻ뱻ܾδϡɩ׽ֹȻȻӿһͷԺҪӱлɩˡ


261 ֮ʮ



ĵڶһ 
ڶһ,ٟRͰԼʱСӴˣ³˾һһŽϾפš
ö˵,Ҳ,Уӳ֮Զ,ÿվһλʿдš⡱װϱ˫һһ̵ɢŵϡ
󽫾𵶵վУ,˾׼
ԶԶ,󽫾ǰӭ
,󽫾º,򹬳ԸĶӣ֪ǹɡ
ȥ³
󽫾Ȼһͬȥ
ݳ̷³,λ³˾ǡ˾ǴŹվڳϣٟR,ཫֵݸ,ٟRһֳ֣óʣֱӾˡ
ϰԵһֻֻ,Ц֣ˤš
л,ôˤٟRɵ,Ĵ󽫾ڰ,ʾض,Уһ,,ʲôʱģ
󽫾һˡϾˡ
ٟRʣҲһ͹ȥû
󽫾ĻԱ˵Ҳ͹ȥˡ
ٟRһŲ˵ʲô
ຬЦʣ󽫾֪Ὣʿ˰ɣ
ǰ˵ˣҶŵ¸Ƿġ󽫾ͷ캮£׼ůݣ¸ȥůů͡
٣ŮӣŲźá
ٟR˵һ·ϳ¯¯һ䡣ģ䲻䣿
ҵϲ񡣡
ǾͲŽȥˡ󽫾ڽʿôһɡٟR£ٹٳϵĆ飬ֱص㡣
󽫾Ϊٶ꣬λ²ȼһô
ʱһҲ޷ٟRȥټաʹˣһּ߰㣬һּ
󽫾µѹϱܽйֵġ͹ɳ飬Щ˵ˬֱ
ЦǺǵأRֱ󽫾֡ǾȷãҲʿȡʱ˲ίкܾԲסҡ
󽫾οⶼЩﳼʥºθɡһ˵¸Ƿȫãֹﶼм¡
ٟRһüǸտʼ˾ӲףְЩ˿۱̰īıö׷ʼٿ࣬Ҳ䡣ʿǶԻʼģʼҾҡ
ɫӦġ䲻ף׬ЩҺڣô̰Щء
˵ǡҲƲˣֱǸ˧
˵䣬һ˹¡¡󽫾Ѿá
ٟRһֱŰڷһƷٷΣĿһֱԶ߽ģٟRû̫⡣ǰ£΢΢˹ϸģ
ٟRĳＫ࣬ۿ԰׹ݳȻΪţʦҲ壬ֳеķȣٟRһΪʦں¶ʦϣۡ
ֻδϵڽп֮ˡ
ٟR棬λǡ
󽫾ܣǳ˾⣬Ͼ˾Ĳʹ
ƷSG
ְߡ
󽫾ҳӹϾȷ˿⸮ȡ⸮Ŀ̵㡣һ˿ĿҲһһʺ˾ˡ
⣬ѵϾĸɲš
ٟRѸٻϵԱļ΢΢һЦ֣λ˾ѧԨԴûǴ˾Ӧǳ¹
Ȼ򣬡ԭˣǽ֮󡣡
˾ⲻСţǳ¹֧
ٟRᣬ˳᳤¹ǿࡣ¹겻⣬ӵܶѰε۶ĳ¸Ӻ밸ǳٟRǶ߶ֻô߶ͳ¸ŸɣٟRµĻᶼ֪ô
λ˾⣬̸ֹŲ
ѵ˻̰Ⱦ
˵仰½ҲŸ½ʿУϾнӣƽֱһУҲ
һΣ춼ҲڣΪϽཫ챻ȥ˾Э飬󽫾òһЩϽ֮¡
ϽСΪУԱˣСԱʮˡ
Ͻ޲þ֮£ӦԱֻǽһȥЩ½ʮ˰ˡ
ǿŭ𣬳˾̣ཫ÷һСһ仰û˵ǽӦõÿһλУвٱۿ
ϽǧʵҲǧҡ
ཫһһλ
ƣҲۿ΢ʪ׷׶ݣٟR״ˢһӣ̧žͲȥʱ󽫾һˡߡ
ٟRһֱվȥˣȫߣȳ󽫾߳һأֱӰɵˡ
üǧˢˢŲӿٟR
ٟRСʱ岻ãɤ㣬˵̵ʱһܰٹϵĶ
ձŮ˵һʱٟRǸɤŶˡ
ʱĴɤŷҪãͼٟRʶңҲʶңҾҽһ£ǻʵ۱µŮҵĹոոҷģҵĻ֣ʵ۱µĻʳӡܵĿ࣬ܵ۸һĸҸѾ֪ˣߴһҵĿ಻ܣܵ۸Ҳܣ
ھָ˵䣡ٟRֱһֳ˸ơȻӣֳվȥ
󽫾֪ҪվߴҲû´̨ӣӵеªˡ
ϽѾ˽̸֪ЩĲ࣬ҲδЩ秵֮Ҳı䣬໰ٶһָһӴԺٲп˿۾֮£˭ٸҿ˿۾ãն
һ󻶺
ڶָڶʱ˿۵ıģһҲһĲٵĸҲ
졣
͢͢
󽫾̴ͷߺǧǧǧ꣡
½ʿߺǧꡣ
ٟRվߵֳҲЦ۾һߣ¶СЦеֳվԽӲӢˡƽһܵİЩ˼ֻΣΪһʳӣٲ¶߾ֻ̬ܱ֮΢ЦܴҵĻ


262 ֮



ĵڶ 
Ͼ,˵ЩĵĻȻ˾˳Ͻõš
ϯЩû׼,ǰ֪Ҳһݵֻд,󽫾зԸʱڽΧŴһ,ܸ׽һ
Ҳһˡ
ǼͣҲҪֹٿÿ͵,ٿڶϯ,ÿڶڰھơ
,ŹǷְϯ,ϾֻҲ֪зְʳΰڡ
Ū䵥һϯֱס
Ǵ󽫾ǹµʦ,ۼҹﾭܵµȥи磬ۼҹǹµ
г㣬Ե,ĩ쳷һλ֮λǴµ,αǹµģΪʾ˴θ·Ǵ󽫾뼸λ߽׽ġ
ú,ӹصĲң˹Ů㡣Ů˺ܲ,ȥ˾Ǵˡ
˾ȥΰ,˵,ǹùõλ,ù÷̹š
˾ǹ,һǴ,һϱλŮˡ˾ǵҲƷŮ٣빫ͬڹ̱ɡصǣƷλɡ
νˡνȸƷ죬һ󽫾Ͻ
˾Ƕİ顣
ŮٹŮǵʳҲһȫڲҸҾʱֻš
ȻʱٟRΰҲͦϲұֳȸνǺνЩţڸոռʶվϽķɣνοԼͦƽ׽˵ġ
мªίλˡ󽫾λ
ͺܺá
ٟRֳһ£ɨϯ䲻£Ҳȫˡº󣬳󽫾ȷˣһӦͽ׽Ҳڴϯٴϯˡ
ٟRҪǸϱأҿ̰ɣѱʳᾫڲϸʲôζĶҪž͵ҦԶˡͬλϯˡԺеģҲھдų
佫ǹ󽫾õģȻӹġཫ춼ǵһμٟRãٟR᲻ַ·̩ɽѹһϯжһݣǹȻһһ⡣
ٟRĸ֣̫ߣδµʱ֣̫ͱӼسĿȾ֣̫ϲŭɫķ緶Գ󽫾ºͣϸɫʵĥ͸
˭ٟRһתԻɿǣȻھУҼȵ٣ھоҪʡ⣬׬ٺ»·Ըôôá
󽫾Ϊϸ£ҪϽ춼ˣҲݸҰġʶͽ˾⣬Ҳſи
ٟR˵㣬Ҳһ
˾ⴹŲ˵ϱ̰֮ҲǹѲʱֵġ
ʱŹµѵٟR󽫿ɣһʱҲɲǰӣʷΪѻ
󽫾ţһһ͵ģ̫ˡ
࿴һֱ߾յƺԹʽ֪ǹԴĹƣٱǳһ
һٱԹƣɡ
ٟRνЩнʺνʲôƣ
νƨɶˣٟRڰ֣˵
νع棬ף⣬ƣ嵭ԣЩ
ٟRƽһμйԱ˵ųӵģٟRν˶Ҽˣ㲻˵ֽš
ǵģ˵˵ʲôɽŵģ
ȥ̻һ£ͬȻ뱱˵˻δűعˡ
ٹʱҲѰٟR˵֮Уüɫ裬Ҫ֣ʡĸɩûһվϸҽķɣֽ󣬴ҶǧǧǧꡱҶ죬ڹû
֣̫ЦδҲĵ
ɵ۲⣬˵ôվȥˣ
Ӹ߰ҾܿˡȻôཫʿֻǰܿžͿˡٟR˵
˵Ҳǰ˵ͻȻͽȥһ׼ûС
Ҳû׼ѽҾǾ̫ˣһĲķһҶмġ㷢ǰͷĿˡٟR˵ͨʿ㰡ǾÿҺھˡʱҾ룬ǿɲܹǣܽд֪ʼҵƣҲñǡ֣϶Ҳİɡ
һЦȻ
ٟR˵֣Ժÿ¾ȥһôܸܵǻʼҵĶ䣬ǰѴҷϵġ
ɫӦ£пһȥ
ٟRȿˮҪпҲȥҪǻиΥˣСϷģǳԲ˶ߡ
ɵЦRôҿһ㶼Сġ
ЦеĿãֹ֣ϽţRѵʾĻѵ껰ҶҶӳԷˡ
ٟR۾գһ£ΪԺϡ֣ûôǹչʾһϡ
ûΪٳӵġ
ҲࡣٟR˵ҿͨʿܴӣ֪ж룬ϱǻĶأͷˣ²ŸŻԶԹԱҪ
ϱȸĽ٣ûְ˵
֮㡣ٟRԶɳ֣ѳ˵ǰͷҲʡϱ
ȻٟRЩʧĸĸױԹһ䣬ӳ󽫾״󽫾һЩС٣־˵ЦҲƽ׽ˣ˵һ͸ƵģҲ֪Ϲʲô֣ѵӲãӶð˹ˣ
֣̫ɵǿ̱ЦɵۻðοŮǾǹϲ㣬ǺߣҸ˵
ٟRţʣշ죬ף˵һһģƵġ
ɵЦ޷ϲѽ
ٟRСüëƲѣͬ֡
ɵۣú㡣
ҲôҶ
ٟRΪԼֱֺǸʶʵ벻ͨЩͶµļһôһ£


263 ֮



ĵڶ 
ϱعĵڶ,֣̫ٟRڸСддӱһй˽,˾̡ܹܴ
ӱ,Ҹĸ˾׼ļлҷֽˣܹһ
ٟRϲлƵֽ,ٟRʽ꣬лΪ,һʮɫĻϡٟRϲ,Դ˶лֽ
Դ,ÿ,лҶعĻϣʱñ
ܹ,ٟRһϲɫÿѵ嵭ŵ,ˮһ㡣
ܹЦŽ,Ŀأһ۱㿴͸ˡ⻨д¡
£ôд£
괺,ǰӭ´ʶлұ׻,д¡
µŵĴˮѹϸϸ֦,Ǵȷ⻨֦,ٟR˵,Һϲ˾ȡһ׻,ܹܵ,ױʾ͸׻ˣ˲ɣĸɡ
ܹллͣҲõֻ͡žϸ
ܹ̫ǫˡٟRʱͬ˾򽻵ܹܣ֣ʹͰȥû
ܹܵһʹȥˡֱ͵֣ׯϣǹʹǵľ⣬мĲˣ¿ͷ
ˣǶΪ͢սµĲм͢ûǡٟRϲûľ͹ͷˡ⣬ǹЩõĺЩõģ֪͢ɼǡ
ԭǰͽȥˣǲѩ·ôټϾ࣬ҲҪʱ׼㵢鵽ڡ
˾Ҳæܹ±ٟRʹ͸лҵĻˡ
˰ƵĽ۱ӱһٟRζǰһ˵ŷ»˷ӡ
˾Ǹ²裬ɩŲˮԽ۱ӱϰڵ񵥣дźƤã°׺Ҹ磬ڵ֣ʣǸ˭ģ
游ѽٟRԽкøУԾҪ游һݺ񣬡游ڼƽض꣬Ϊ͢ҡ׻˵۶ҵúúչ˼ҡ
ӱϸƳٟRһۣұĻ񡣡
ٟRĶйأƱ˵ɩֲһֵ´飬һȽϣǹҵĶ࣬ǸĶࡣԣǵýЩҲһǹһǿ˭þչ˭˭þͲġ
ӱЦã񵥸ٟR£ʹ֣񶼺񡣡
Ҹ˾ֲ죬Ҫ游ڣһҲ游ٟR˵ϷҲͶԵҿɰϷ˽ˡ
˵ţٟR˾˵裬˽öӣһһǸϷ˺游S
˾ȥˡ
ӱѾӦٟRһĴ·ʽٟRȫǱˣָŵ֣֣Ϸ£Ҳ֣̫ɵ۵˼ɾ͸ɡ
֣̫һҲΪٟRٟRһ˵˼֣̫ʹͣôɵ֣ʺ࣬Ҫʹ͡
۱ٟRĹ游ɩ游߿϶кܶ͵ɣ
ӱǰǸ游꣬ϼҽˡ游ص۶ǾһҲ˵۶
ٟRʴԼжˣӱһʮеġ
ٟR˵Ǽǹ游߽̣Щ̴Ҳûøһְٰô
ӱ̾͢й涨ԲмĲΪ١ǶǴ̸˻ġ
ҵ񡣡
ӱЦҶ佫Ǳ߾϶ġ۶¡
ٟR˳ʹ͵ӣ˾׼⣬ʹЩ䡣J
ӱЦǰڼˣ
Ҳȫǡ֮ǰʹͰʱ룬游ĸڵ۶ЩսеӦǰڼƽء
ǰ游ҾˣԶʹ̫ˣʹ͹游ߵ˶ҲǺĵġû뵽游ߡ
ٟR˺ʱǾԺõĲˣջ˾˵裬ŷЩ۱游Щȥ˼Ʒ
ӱһ䣬˵游ĸġٟRôֻһˣĸһŶԭֻ游һ˳԰
ٟRһʱˣû⡣
ӱŲһʱˡ
ƽ󳤹ҲٟRҵĶЦã۱ĳʳǼ˲Ż͵ģƽ󳤹кٟRһֱܺá
ţٟR˽һѶĴ멵ͷڣװһͷһĸĶûС
ڶգƽ󳤹ʱԹٟR˶ǸԼϹ̫̫ףôѽ
ٟRٺЦⲻۼҶϹүô
֣лٟR߼ҽʹٟͣRæס游̫ˡˣͣǱǱϡҲӦõġҶ˰ɣ
Ե˵;⣬⻹ǴһԣƾͲˣһĶ˵һڶȤĬĴһ֡
ţ֣ǰлٟRԼʹ͡
֣ˣٟRʣ統߲ôûһ
֣˵ˣѧŹܼҡ¶࣬һ
ˣ˳᳤Ҳǽս˳᳤ƽ󳤹뽪֮ε׽Ĭֻ󳤹һ˳ֽݸӡ
֣Թԣ֣Ǻ
»Ĵӱ
˳᳤Ȼվ׵֣̫һ񣬡ĸм繣ںӡʧͣСҴв޺룬롣˵űϥ˹ݴ񣬡ĸΪ
˳᳤֣̫һġٟRŹڵϵĹ裬ǰ˳᳤˳Ȱ裬ɣֲʲô¡ҪʵڹˣҲֻֿܷˡ
ٟRȫɶã举˺пʳο˳ǳҪݣҪλеλֱɶó
Ψ֣ɫأ֣ˣ˳᳤ˣ׵ܵܡ
ͷ۵ľ֣̫ˣϱ°˳᳤Ҫ룬ǹ˻أ
俴Ҷɫ֣أٟRһɻ벻ģ֣̫ͷּʣϻĿġ
ҪԼģ֣̫󶼲ţ


264 ֮



ĵڶʮ 
ٟRܸо˳Ƚ䵭,Ϊƽʱ˳Խй罫˰һ˳ҲҪһ
ֻйϵòŻ
,ٟRͲ֪ˡ
С,ûԷֹϵȤʱ
ٟRԷ޵ļ˽ǣ˫ͦ,ͳˡĲãҲްҪ롱Ĵڻʲôأ
ٟRļʱ̬˳᳤ο,ͬʱ˽ڵˡ,ٟR,˶֣̫
֣̫˳᳤,˵
˳᳤Լλ֣֮ϡ֣̫,ȵ۶ģҲǺõġȳ¹ķɣҲʱ,Ҳǵ۶ſ,˳൱
˾޳ŶãҲ밲,δ˵Ը⡣˳¼֮Ϸȥҩ,ż¶׽֣̫˵,˳,֪ġ
֣ɫ,,֪顣
ǳ˳ġ֣̫,м裬ֻҪ˳᲻⣬ʼҲЩ¡˳ᲡУ밮檾˳ߴΣв֮
ٟRǸӣʱŭ£ôңҪ֪Ȱˣ
ǻû֣̫
ٟRǲҲ˳룬׵Щꡣ
֣̫̾Ϣƽ󳤹ĶôףȵǻɲڣĪ˵룬Ǹ˱ˣҲңֻڷҵġధ˵˳Სˣ˳Ҳֻˡ
˳᳤ȵ֮زҺ룬Ҳ߹Ҿ֮ദһң
ĸ岻ԣҲǹ¹ңӻʼҡʱʱҪȵʵ¼Ҿ˲Ůȵ۹ţҾʱʱѽϣĵĳӰʼ¼޹ȥ̽Ϊ˯죬밮檲¶ӣͽ檷Ϊһˣͽ檷˳᳤ݣ¼Ҹ빫δˣ
֣ɫҰף͸˳᳤ˣ˽Գ¹ʱͿð¼ģϲв֮٣
¼ǲң¹İ檲úõĻ𣿳¹Ҳ˳˳Ϯˣ˵ǶĲˣӶŮ֪ϽˣѰ檷ЩŮҲմϵյ֡˳᳤ЦˣҶþõĻšһ߳¹ҾۣҲҪۣʼ֮Ӽ¡
ҪôϮ
˳᳤ŭ¼޳¼һǧ檣Ըֱӵ˵һѵʼҹ޲ȥô
׶Ǽ˵㣬ǳ¼ҾͨҵŮ٣Ҳˣ¸ʮ꣬˳᳤˵Ļҵ޴ԣȻһͷײ
ǰݳ¹ͣҷ֪ƴù˶Ҫǵ۸лл¼ңͻݾǹƨѧˣΪȨرϲ¹밲ǰ檹˵˵ڰǰ󺰡Ҫɱɱҡ⻰˵ģôɱأҵҲϲ񡢵ǡۡȴֺް취ˡ
ǵĸҼһ棬վԣһ紵ӻƮմȾڵޱߡҲѮѾ޽ǰ߰ף΢ա˳᳤Լīķ˿̫ˡЩûк룬Ҳĺܺáôΰ壬ÿỨĶǵ۶һһĹ㡣Ҿͬǽһ¹񷨹أǧģ˭ó¼ûԼİأ
¼ҳӰ˳᳤ݳһĨ伫ɷЦ⣬Ůӵλٱ΢ҲŮ˼ҡҲйͬѪι̰ù˽֣ǳ¼ҵĻơ
˳᳤䶢֣ˣ֣˼ѳޣαٹҵ¡ңһδ룬һվǳ¹ĸ꣬¼Ҳ׹۸ȳ¹Ϸˡ˽ңǰѵҵŮٵһһʮǿͷҲϡ
֪޷ǻҡ
֣һᣬȷòֳ¼£ֻǳ⻰ˡȸǰȸѻںΪ֮ŭȸ֮гдȵۡԳʧ£֮λȵʹ
Ů֮£¼ȵȷ֪顣ŭŲи״´J
Щ꣬Ҫ˵¼ûֻһʱ֮ŭһܻתҲǼٻ
һ޿ɾȡЩ꣬¼ֵֶûһԹֶף˼ҶҪá¼ӵ˲ʹŮ֮£˾Ͷ¼ӹ
ɣ˵ԵҲ޾¡Ըȥ¼ңó˵࣬ס
֣˳᳤֣һ񣬶֣̫󣬡䡣ʧȣ˵ʧ֮ˣȻ֮λ
֣̫뿴Ľ֣ʮǰˣ˳᳤׮ɣɳۣҲ˳͢ڡ
֣̫¾ͽ㡣
֣лиˡ
֣ԼۣҲһˡ


265 ֮



ĵڶ 
ٟR,޲ܵѳгɰ˶Σ˳裬Ź,Ĺı˵,ѹˣҿܰסȸʹ,Ҹ˵иʿ˳¹Դ
СС˶ĵ,˳᳤Ȧһ,§ٟR˵,°ɼ,¹ȷɶ񣬾ɱһǧ˰ٴҲͷ֮ޡֻǻɷ,ҲΥ
ٟRһ룬ȷҲܿԴĶɷ,˵,ͨŮ﹫Ǵﲻֵ,
ƽ󳤹֮ˣͬ,R˵ĺãӹ
ٟR˵,˳,ڹס°,عˡ
ô,۳Ҫˡ
ôˡļѽ
˳᳤˱ٟR,סҲãȻ۫ҪȥҸ룬߶
ƽ󳤹˵۫ȥ񲿡ʷ̨˵ǹ߻ѹ˵ġ
ٟRĸģʦͨʦ˵϶ԡʷ̨ʷЩִٷϷ˵˵Ϸ˺
ƽ󳤹ϲά֣̫󣬡ȻǻɩĽ̵ǰRǧģŶ󣬾ܰˡ
ٟRͦףĸԶġҵѧġĸ˵ǲǣ
֣̫б֧ͷǹ֮ͱϹˡ
˵ĴҶЦˡ
֣̫󵱼ܹɵ۹¡
ɵ۶Գ¹ӡ󱾾һ㣬˳᳤¼Ҿòڵ۶ܣ˳᳤뺷鲻÷¼Ҳǳе¡
ˣ˳᳤¸
񳤹Ҫ룬֣̫Ѿ֣ȥˣɵ˳׶£¼Ҳɶ񣬻ʽܿˣ¹ӣޱǺ롣
õֻǻʽǸʱģĸ͢˵ʷҪμһأ
ƽ󳤹ҲЩΪˡ֣̫ףѵȵ۴ͻʥּջأõȵȵλǰˣȵ˵һ˵µȥʵԵǿҲȵзֻͣᣬͬ͡ʣֻ˵ҵ˼
˳᳤˵ĸҵǣԵţ˭Ҫ飬ֻܸҽ
֣̫ڰ֣޷ԭҲҴӦġ
ɵβѣ͵Ҳ˼ĸʽ⣬ˡģһ飬Ҳ¡
УУʣʷϾ˵ǰʵ۳˲磬Ϊ˺Ϳʵǻûʵۣһ¾ŭˣ³ŰשȥˣһӰøٟRЩźȽţҿҲɲ˳ש˵¡ˣǾͺĺˡ
ɵ۸п޾ƽɲźá
ֻܵˣǷǷƽӹˡ
ٟR˵游Ƿëǡ
ȻٟRУ˵̫.ʵ۹Ҳȵۺá
ɵ⣬R鳤
ֲǱĳȵ۾ǻţҲ˵Լ̫.ʵǿٟR˵
⻰ɵۻ沵ãֻ˵ۣܽС
ٟRŸЩˡ
ⲻص㣬ٟR˵ʣɵúúóγѵҲ˳ЩĿࡣ
ɵ۵ȰѺ°ˡɶСȻƫŻʽ㣬ֻ²̫ȻԵǻʼҲʽģҿ¹ǸˣЩ겻˼ݰˡ
˳᳤µġ
ʼ³̣¹ȴһƬ࣬¹ڼ֮λþû
֣ڴе¸߳ζӣɫ֣أ¡
ԸӣҲԸ볤롣¹һľĶ۸УЩ˳᳤۵鱨¹սû䡣ʱĴԸʧΪ߰߰׷Ⱦ޽ǡ
¹ҲԸþУǰ
гǵϤڳ¹ϣ¹ȴų㣬Ϯǲף½ϮҲԸ⡣
֣صԹߣ֣ƾʲôϮǵôӣǼ㵽ΪʲôӳΪѪͳǼ˲ļ澣Ͷ̥һǧҲͶ˻̥
㵽Ϊʲôӳ׷ѾѪΪĺ£ʱѾ㵽Ϊ
ǳ¼ԭӦӵлʼѪĹѪ֪޴Ϊһ澣ţ
ȥǰͬ˵̫Ժ޴⻰̫ˡһӣʲôλҲġǼ˶Ů˫ȫΪȺϮô붼ģ֣ŭ¹ûȰ㣬ȱǼˣǸ߼ȫǲɢӣȰ춼ˣ𣿡
ǼǴĺ⣬Ϊ˶Ӿܳм̹ҵǷΣΪ˶Ůڵ۶㣿
㲻ϲ㲻ôĶŮ뿪¼ңָԴˣ޹ϸ𣡡
һػ¹ɫҰףŤ˫ʹһдﲻˣ


266 ֮



ĵڶ 
֣,³Ϸ˳ְ֣һ֣ǿϷ˲á
¹İ뼸,¶ĻᶼûС
֣˵˼,ԹԺܶЩҲ,ϰ¹峤֮λ
ڳ¹֣λ,Щܱס֮λ
֣˲ȫ,ƾ¹Ļ,ܱסʲô
¹ˮ,֣ˣǱȥ
ҪиѪ,ҵӣ¼ѫң֣Ǽѫ֮壬ŭ˵㲻ˡ
,¹дӡ
֣ϽžͰ峤λ,Ȼ֣ڣļҲȻǳ¹ġֻЩɳ¹ˡ
˷˳¹ȥ,ǳĸ֣ҲС,,Ϲµľλô˵أ
֣ҵ·Ͼ,͢һߣ,ȴҲҪý׼ˡ
и,жԳ¹Թ,Ҫһ˸Си֧֣ˣֶŮ뷨ôۼϴϷλƴѽ
֣£֮ŭԺӵгϢδûи֮ʱҪôλ޹жʮδ۶Աˡ˵棬볤룬˵¼̷ܣʷҪʣ¼Ҿرȵ۴ͻ֮ô
ĶζȴҲ֪֣ʵ
̾û뵽ܼǺЩꡣ
¼ʵûٳԳĿͷδЩ꣬˳᳤еģʮһյİܻ¹ƫ¹ûоž޵ӵ֣ܳټϳڹ˵¼ҵĲǣ¼ӵܽ;ƽƽ޶ܵӰ졣
ԣ֣ó¹дӣ볤롣Ƕûԡ
ʣ峤֮λôأ
¹ǵ֧ϳ¹һӣµ֧壬͵ѡ峤»֣⣬¼սʽ΢Ժٲ֣λ̫̫
ֻǣѡ峤֣ѪԶˡ
֣ܶûС
峤͵֧֧
֣˲Ըٶմ£ұϾ޶֮꣬²ˣ´¹һ£֮»λ
˵ֶŮֶŮɱ˵⻰ǲһڰҺƤ˵һ䣬볤룬ۼ»Ҫһ·ԺٲôֶŮġǶ񲱹ˣҲֶ֮ŮǵӣͿǵһڵӡֻʣһϹͷлСССŮʱɤ༫ˣĻҲȱҹŮ
뵽ЩǣǶճµѽһڴ֡˵˼ҹӣһ֪Ѫ׵ĽҪ£ײġֶŮһڵϣɲܲ۳¼ѽ
˵֣һҾ
ѧҲ֣һҾء
֣æ𳤱ǣ̾ĳŮйµ
˵ҲǰˣҴ϶˵ݳŮҲм̳ҲҵȨǶǵȲˣֶŮǼʶĻһ׼̾¾һԸôܽмѡΪ峤ָڣʮꡢʮ꣬ٳ˲ţ¼ٻָ档Ǽ϶˵£Ҳܼˡ
Ů飬Ůȴ顣
֣ȻҲҼһܵף֣ǫãĶкǲ죬岮ѡšҪѰһλᡢء֪ôԡܰס峤ȲҪܽ£ôҲҪèġֻҪģȥһա
⻰˵ǵ
ǹȻ˽ģһͣܲˡϹʱ¼ʲô⾰ʲô
δûΣҪܳͷͷˡ
֣֧ǵеһλҲ˵ҡġĻɼ֣˲Ǽѡ
á
ܵס
س¼ȫ֮峤ȥ
ܰһõ
ºó
¹µȥ˳᳤Ҳ˺¡
Ȼ𾪡
ٟRǰкҴ䷢ǰҲǰ
æʱǳ¹ݵۣԳ¶ԲסԸ빫롣鲻˵ʷ̨ʷĸһ䡰ĸЩĿࡱ˵±ʣЩ˵ڣɥġ
۫мƽ󳤹ѹסˣܾף֪¹ģЩͿҲѽ̫ʼһûĹ
Ҫ䣬аô롣
۫ţȰ˳᳤䣬ȴûгҭ
۫һ˦ӣҲǶá˰ˣ˴˺룬Ҳʡóܿࡣ
˳᳤⻰Ļŭ۫ٲҲǿʧ¾ܺƤ˾Ҫ㣬ҲߵĵݴǱˣJS
۫ðǡ
˳᳤һݣܲãѧŪ߰㣬̰īҲûɣʧ£㻹˵ңĶô
۫ðǡ
۫ǰһڣͷϽһ˰ˣƴҪҲò
˳᳤ŭóƽףѡŷѵ̲ɣ
ٟRվ˳᳤İƣ˵ĺãָ۫۫ǺͿǸѵһˣΪ˵Ĳǣƫˣ
۫ţӼֱûˣ
۫ŭڣ䣬°ɶУ˵ǹױƫ˭
ٟRĿɿڴһģת˳᳤ѵԼŽһ𣬹ô
˳᳤ٟRһЦһģЩͷԡһƵģ߰˵£תͷ۫Ц
ٟRӱ˳᳤ͣȰοĶ۫˵۫ûϽȥʡʡɡҿ۶ûϡ
Ȱ˳裬Ҳԭ۫ɣͻͿǺͿһѽġҵģⲻ׻üʮô̫ˡ
ٟ۫Rܲסǰһڣ˹ȥ


267 ֮



ĵڶ 
۫һ˹ȥ,ٟRȣ̻ȡˮ첽ǰ۫ǰ,ͷϽ,۫оʹһӣ۫Ӵһ,ӻ
ȡ裬ٟRӹˮ,һֳ۫󲱾,۫Դ,ι۫ˮ,ϲʵȰ۫뿪㣬ѽ,Ȼˡ۫Ҳ̫ģʥ˶˵,ŵ,ϦӡŵǺõġ̫ǿˣԼӢ䲻дȴǸشô˵,רŪǿˡ
ֹ۫Ȱģֱˣ
ǿڲ,۫ŵ,ԼŮӳ,е㶪ˡ۫Ķֶ˵,Ҳ͸û˵,Ժᡣ˳,ǹҪʷˡ㣬Ҫô᣿磬Ǳһλ빫Ժɡ
˳᳤ͲˡҼȸҺ룬Ͳ˵
۫˵죬˵ˤĽڣ۫ȡڣȥ
ٟR۫ȥıӰ̾һΪ۫ˣԭû򡣡
˳᳤öƳ۫һۣߣҪܿ϶ǸɮˣЩͿˣߣȥһʺ⼸칻æģǰæȥ
ٟR۫ڤ粻飬ҲֻҰն·£ȥĸæȥˡ
ʼ˿ڲ࣬һϵ
֣ʺҲֵ˰æ
֣˳᳤֮£Ůϲ˳᳤һءů֣ͣʺиһԣĩѴĹϹ֣ЦԹϹãյůůģϹģȥر
֣ʺ˵żһΰˣܳá
֣۾Ц
٫h׸ĸףҲϲԡ
֣ùϸ˳᳤Ĺϲ˳᳤Ժ͸ˡ
˳᳤ѣҧںϣĸעҴһɨʱҷԸ
֣ϵйǰϵ䰸Ҳܺá
γء˳᳤οĿٟRӶܺ룬ΪͲˣ
ٟRǫ飬ӹãԹԵġкʣӦΪƽ¡ƽĸҲֹ֧衣
˳᳤Ĺ¶ҪŽһҲ˵̾Ҳҵģ۸ꡣ
ٟRܹʵ˵ⲻֹ裬ǵáȵ۰ҲͿٰس¼ңҲý˵˭ƫԼġȵ۾Ͳ۫ͦġ
˳᳤ꡱЦ˳˵ģ׵˳᳤ȵҲûʲôøС֭˵еһŮ˵ġǰ˼޹ȥˣǻ㣬ǰܵġ
ٟRΪȻпҶhģҪ۫϶ֱӿŵڣԵɶܡ
٫hģġ
֣ʺŮǰŮõ밲ʺ׹ݳȥû
٫hͷȥˡǰѧż٣ȥˡ
ٟR̰ԣ϶h˰ɡ
٫hЩɬָָϽΣٟRܹȥϸ֧Σ۾ǵĺ챦ʯҲСĺ챦ʯҶƯ٫hҲָ˵ġ׼軹Լȥ㡣
ٟRhһۣΪ˳ĳʣ裬ˣ벻ٴ飬иѡܸ㡣
˳᳤ҡִЦǾҲҪᡣһᣬƽ˾ڸ˯˱㿪ỨᣬֱϷˣͽ㡣ѵҪһأҸ˲ġҿûô벻
ҶЦ
ٟRЩź
һգ£ٟRʦźĸʦ˵ԭ룬˳ѵõĺŮӣʦҲѵõĺӣǻûףý˳ȫûٻ˼ֻðˡ
ûһȲǺæҵķ²յǧлƽʱʲôһ룬ҲѽҪг׵ģˡ¸մӿ£
ҲǿǶͦôٟR˵
ͦõˣʺϳסЦҲøŮӴģҿ׽Ҹѣۡ˵۫ԴĲֻͬǰ̫ƫ̻òӦˡ
ٟRԿ𲻴Ӧʲôϵѵܹ룿
ȻܵáС˼ҳҲ֪ڳ峤Ҳɷͷȥɣ˾ܴ¡
ٟRЩף¼ȲΥ񷨣ֲΥɷ¼˳ҲԸ⡣
ĵͬͣŲ˿к֮¡кΥ񷨡
ٟR뵽ڤ粻۫ͬô¡۫˵¶֪˵ƯܿĲS
ٟR뵽ʦô˵
ڹ˲ϣæ㡣ܲˡ޳Ī°Ҹ㶨
ٟR뵽۫䣬ϸ˫۫һ̡ҹܵƽƽԴһ㲻֪ͨ
ȷ۫λЩۡ
ٟRĥôô۫ˡ
²ף۶ң۫ΨһҲߣҪɡ
۫ҲǸܸˣ˿⸸ѧ֪ܵˡҪ˵ʱֻ©ѧô򵥰Ӷ鲻
ɡ
ٟR˳ȥ
Ҹܸɵģ˳ƽʱҲûɶҪ˵ƽĸҲãɹĸͣûЩϸˡJ
͹ĸģ˳϶ܰҹܺá
ٟR㡣


268 ֮һ



ĵڶ 
ٟRһʦԼ,Ǵˣ赽ţĸʦ˵Լ㡣
ʦԼûڳԲ,ȻˮúҭʦػصĴٟR,զô,ɳŮٵǹŮ١ֱӰٟRҪĻˡ
ٟR,ʦǰ˵,پѡ,˭вܾ˭
ѡܵǰˡ͢Ůô
ǰô
Ҳ֪ǰˡ,ǰ߰ʮˡ̫޵ǡҴſꣿ붼Сʮˣڲźɡ뷨̫ǰˡS
ٟR˵,а
ڰ첻ɡ
ٟRͦ⣬ںϼƺϼƣ㲻֪,Ҹ˲Ҳס
ֻǸٟR,β⡣ǻвܴȥ֪,鷳ˡ
ٟRЦɶ鷳ǰֲû£޷Ǿ̫.ʵЩƹأʷ֪,ǰûʢ,ǰʢʱ,Ҳܱȵġ
,,컹󡣡
ǵȻˡҿǹ,ȻҪػ¡ٟRһֻʦ
ʦ˵¶ɣٟR̲ģĸҪĸһ˯ָ̱죬˯ͷĸҪҪˮģؽˣĸˡ
ڸ֣̫ͨͷӾ￴æµٟͣRЦۣǹТ˳
ǵȻˡٟRͷŰһ𣬡ĸŵһλġ
ȻҲĸԣĸ裬Ҳͨͨͷɡ
˾ǲĹٟRͷЦ˵ͷãֶֺ񡣡
ⶼĸٟRչȥĸһĸ㿴üë۾һҲ񡣰ѽҲĸֱһģӿ̳ѽ
֣̫ЦƳСʱû롣
СʱҲ˵ٟRʮһ꣬Ȼ˵ԼСʱǵôҶ۴Ц⡣ǳ˲Ű˵ġ
ٟRžӣգգ۾Լ۾ˡֻԼҲܺÿ
ͷԼСӶ׹
ٟRеС˯ǰſϰѶ׹ժ
ٟR룬֣̫ԾЦ
ҲͨͷĸͨãԼҲͲͨˡĸݽҲһݣһݵ˼ǣһľֻСֽţһĸһ£һֲһ¡
֣̫˵ʵ
ĸôôݰٟRʼ԰Ľţ㿴ҵĽţˡ⵹ǣٟR󣬸ӳҲСʱԲԲΪֽ⣬ʵе㱿׾ٟRȻ룬ԼĶãѾĶܺá
֣̫Сһ£Ǻ
ȻˡٟRܴ󷽵ıʾٲһ¡
֣̫˵ֵܱܲĺваֻСô
ʰãϴϢٟRͽϤȥ֣̫µ£˵ֹĲ֪ʲô£˾ǸġG
ٟR£յĸ߽˳ɵ˵ˡ
ôϲ۫ô˵Ҳǰh游
˵ģĸҾðhɶ۫ǿٟRſĸͷ߶˵h֪Դ۫ǺͿ档
˼Ҹ㿴һͺͿ棿
ȻˡٟRָĸ㣬ĸ˵۫ɹ¡˵עҴֹûꡣѧܵ߰㣬֪̰˶ӡ¶˦ѾóͷϣĶĶҲͻָӣ׷ˡ˳룬ⲻ֣˵˳Ĳǡǲɵ˳ǵˣǾ͸ͳһھܽ˳ܿࡣĶ۫Ƶģ⣬¼վһ߶ˡ
Ҫ˳ûҲ۸ˡ˳˺ܶ࣬˺ܶίĶġ
ٟRĸ⣬ˣܰµ
˳ҲɣǳְûŮڳιٵġ
ĸͲٟܿR£ҿǰºѰ
ڲǰ֣̫ʵµý̤ʵأƾշΡ
ĸҲ첻ôٟRʡĸµˡ
֣̫ҡҡָǲɵġᡣ
ĸʲôʱܳɰ
֣̫ٟRԲԲ۾峺Ĺâοһǲɵˡ
йԱôôΪʲôͬ⣬Ҳ̫ˡٟR˵
ǧŮӶӵĸƷףһʱ֮һ֮ǿƴŮ֮ܣڼŮʵ޲ǡ޴ǣӽŮΪӹŮӵĵλŮӵ֣̫̫Ըʵ̫.ʵ۰䲼ҴŮҲԼ漼ɡ
Ҹ㽲һ¡¡
ٟRգգ۾ɰˡ
֣̫󻺻̫.ʵ۵Ķӣ³̫.ʵ۰䲼ҴΪŮӱ޹ΣԼ¡Ϊͬ
ԭǰһλҽٵŮΪˬʵ顣ԭǼõģµʱҲûЩ¡Ȼйˡƫսжɥʵˡ÷˰ͽУ檡ʱһ֣͡Ե»ʺҲен̵ʱˣ㲻˵ˡԭһӣǺ硣檣λλϵĶˣֵĲҲ֪ж١
֣̫̫.ʵްţȵ۵ǻȵǸ񷨵ˣûеӣ֮¾ЩۡĻŽ飬㽫ӹϥ¡Ҳͬˣ˵ҪϯơȻûڰھգɱİ˸ӣֻСĶӲƣӹһ١ҲԾ
ٟR󾪣£ʷϿɲдģ
ʷȻдǱģʷдߡ֣̫̣Ҳ֪ôô׼ֻ
էȲ£ٟRþòܻ񡣺׸ĸÿ̲ذ̵ӣ֣̫ҲῴٟRʶ㣬˵϶ܺɣ
Ȼ޵ѪҪնɱ֣̫㿴Ůû
̫ˣ޹ˡ
ҪˣĻ˵ࡣ֣̫ͷ˫ۣʶһΪŮӳ岻ͬ𡣡
ҲǡٟRҲӲԼͱֳ
ᡣ
ǰ
ҲûġϵȲԴҲбŮ֣̫תͷٟRһۣһ㣬ҲҪҰŵĸ
ͦѽٟR˵Ҽ˻һġ
˸ᶼᡣ֣̫ЦҪаգ
֪еѣ˳۫ǿˡ
°첻ô죿֣̫
ٟRţǼӣô찡Ƕ˵ɣǾ뷨ӻɵ¡
ٟRǾĲ۫Ӱѳ˾ˣ˵˲٣þûµģֻǲ˳׽ĸ²˳Ҳ˳ල
Ҳ룬ֻҪǳ͢λܸŮҲһ㣬Ҳһֱ֣̫˵˵
֪֪ٟRȻ¶ͷԵЦݣôˡιٲְ͹ë˰ɣҵ£Ҫ˾Ĳõģܲܲ˵ɣ
ලְңɼලĻٺ»ð
ٟR۾֣̫ûסЦˣٟR⣬㿴ĸҲźðɣ
֣̫Ц_˵Ḷ́ҿɲ֪
ðɺðɣĸ㵱Լ˵λˡٟRĸһǣӲȥĸһѡ
֣̫Цã㶼ˣ߲ˡ
ʲôߵġٟRȫߣȵıĸС˵ԺʱˣҾͰѹҾͲˣ֮£У
ССĺһֹδ֮£˵ҲУҿǹ
֣̫ЦҶ󡣡
ⲻɶӦġ


269 ֮߶



ĵڶ 
ٟR,һøɵɶ
ڶ͸˳᳤߶գٟRĻ˵,ʦ,۫˲ЩŰļһǶˣһ߶߶,ԭռ£Ҳɲռˡ۫˾,,þ,Ըǵ,ǸС۶˵ðﻹҪǵĻǡ
˳᳤һü,ѵϲֻ죬ѵưͣ
˳᳤˲ڣҲ˾,ƽʱ֡е鷳
ٟRİԼ˳᳤¸˳,˳᳤Ц룡ֲǰҳ,Һ붼ǽĸĶ硣
¶һʱף,ǻ,ѽٟR˵
Դӱ¹۸,˳᳤СʮҲû׻,ü˼һ,Ҳмҽõ,ֻС΢
ҲٟRޣˣҲûﻮǰҲŮӴڲһͼƽĸǵ۶ߵĹˡ۶ң۫ݣҲǵݡ۫һ¸½̰壬вŸɵ˲ϲġŮУкõңҾͲû˲ˡ
۫ģ־ͬϵġҪҸ־ͬϵġٟR۫˾һãֻҪӰ˵㣬ҲǴ䡣
˳᳤ٟRĶ⶯˳᳤ĸ΢˳ݣ̵ĺ٣ȨҪ˳᳤ȴҲȨ֮ˣ֣ѣʵ¹ǰ˳᳤ǸŴ̶֣µӡ򱻳¼۸ˣ䣬һʱŴǿӲɡ
˳᳤νǳԹЩ¡Ŀദģ֪ʲôûʲôŮRֻһǾǿߡǿǲŮġ
ٟR۾ϻǽģǷǶԴ
ҪһǿվڸߴǲܻܽʱǷǶԴ˳᳤ٟRϲ÷ݸRҪˡ
ٟRӹǩӣס÷۾ţˡҲܽ
˳᳤һɳξ棬ЦЦٟR׻¶УҪٟRˡ
ֶã˳᳤ڶձ֣̫֣ʺȥˣ˵ظҪðĶҲ׼ᡣ
ٟRڹд֣⣬˰²㣬ٟR˵æҴȥѰ㣬ݶڼҡ
֣ЦæҲϹæ
㶼æʲôģ
¼ҵ¡֣ڲ裬Ҿ˾˳¼Ҫѡ峤һ鶼˵ꡣ
ٟRʣôˡ
ܲ˳¼е飬ҪܰɣǻҸɴˣǿ쵶ն顣Ķô࿼ûܹһǧĿءѡ峤ʲô׿ƷΪճ£ξ峤ˣ֣Ұ˺°ˡ
ٟRͰԣ֣˵㻹ɴһ档
⻰˵ġ÷ʲô¶֣ЦʣҺ£
ڲܱôһٟR˵
֣벻ǾЦ⣬ķģ
ԽԽáٟRϱӣȻҪĸ˵ȸְ춼£һξĿô˻ѧһѧξ£ǰ̸ֽˡ
֣һЦСЩ˵Ҳ򵥣˵ҲӡʵξҪֻһα
˵ĸ˵һ
ɼ¶ô¶֣Ц۾º棬Ц֮⣬̸ֽΪûƹܾſһɴƵġ
ԶԶԣٟRСԴ
֣룬¹¶˲ϡ꣬Ҹ󽫾˵һ¹Ŀ㿴ٽڼܵǲֱĿһ㣬ٶԱȱǰһ֪ô˵ġ
ʱĶ֪ģֻҡұ֪޲ԣԶ
ٟRӦ£ʣڱˣ
֣˵϶Щʧ
˵ɡֻҪ滰ҾͲʧ
֣̫Ķ䣬λµĶ䣬֪ġԴ˾룬ٽ١٣山ֻʱ⡣
ٟRͷ֮С
ֻǣЩѵɳڣ೬䡣ѵٱ亰ۡ٣ЩͿ캰ءԹص˽¸Ϲٵġ¾Ͷˡ֣뱱ָսһʱ֮ѽ
뵽ʱõΣٟRüëʣôŵģ
֣ΣŴҲġͿϳ
ٟRȻһЦҵȥơ
֣Ȥ˾û˼ˡ˵ѪܵģɱӺ
סû
֣ͷסˡҲֻݹܱ廹ÿԺʽӹܵĽ졣
磬벻±
ɵĺúõģ¶죬Ҳȥ±֣ٟR㿴вģ
ٟRֱӽ⻰ҭͷԲ۱ԹͲɵս¶
֣ᶨֱӣȫ롣
ٟR˵
ƽԸֱ֣ƽ
ٟRô
ôоģ֣档
ٟR⻹ôҿǹ¹㵱츣¡ǿɲܹһҲһǹӣܷôµȥģ
֣пЩͱɿˡ
ٟR⣬ʲôɿ˾͸̫ˡˣұһƵּһɡ
ֵ֣Ѫˡ
ֱ֣ٟRǧ󣬡һãҪȥˣ˾ŵģ
Ҳ죬ȰˡٟRһȴͰѰɵȥôı磬æһæ
֣·𿴴ٟR㣬ٟR˵£²֪һ¡
ʲô£
߾ļ壬
㲻ɵͦõģ¶죬ҲٟRΩΩФѧ֣ǡ
֣ӲͷƤҲǧվվڣŰ࣬ٶˡ
û¶ʱҲ͸㰲ǧˡֲ󽫾ʲô󽫾Ʒ㵹ͦ
֣⸧Ķ󽫾£˵ǧˣˣģҲѴòã
û£֣ҿͦαŸɡٟR˵Ҫּɻ䣬ˣĸ߲ˡ
֣˵Ҳ׸ô
ֱٸٟR̸ȥΪٟRܽһЩ̨µĻ˵ȻҲԼ׳ɣȴҲ֣䵽Ѫ
תһ룬֣ȻЦˣٺòG


270 ֮



ĵڶ 
ٟRϱ,Ӳ춼ʱһ׮ϱĳ£беߣϾҲзҹ֮¡
۶ɴá
׶,ԽΥ,Ӧɱ
˵ϱ,ҵϼѵ̣Ҳ©֮㡣·,˶˱,±֤,ֿ󡣡
۶˶˽ɽá
׹Ȼϸ񰴽ɴ,ߵ˴˰ʮûҲƽѺϸǰ,زֻһߡS
ⷸҹĴʮȣ
ٟR֪£ǵ۶¸밲ʱ˵ġ
ԴӺ밸,¸ͽٟRɿɽͽ,Ƿھ밲ٟR㱨
ٟR񵥣,ⲻ̰İɣ
¸һ£æ˵,СĶġ˵,ڵ۶λ̰,СֲǲҪˡⲻСǫ,,˭߶߶мź,С˭ȥڳ¹겻⣬¸治
ǣǰ峤ˣ˵йǱסˣ֣һһ֧С峤¸ţҪ棬ǰѹ°ͽá˹ٶܼҲá
лһ¸Ϳʼ㱨Ҫΰ˾᰸нڵ۶¡
¸˵ӣٟR۶ץˣô׽ˣ
֪ǱʶΥɣԽɽԼãҲˡ¸ƽƽΪҲûɶƢοǴԷԸģԵӡ
ٟRʲô˵¸⸮ңˣһ룬ЩҪĶǻǵ۶ǵ򡣵۶˭ܣķ£Щ̻˭ǲ㣿зҹģȲ鵽ģǱǵ۶ץţΪηҹȥ͵˻ȥˣûʣ
ֱӰѳ¸ʵԴȥٟR˵ҿ㻹Ǳˣ¸ְԴӰ˳Ŭ˵С֪ˡ⣬Сһ˵ĴáٸСһᡣ
ٟRһͿͰ͵Լм˵ֱͦõ۶ôҡ
¸ʤƤ񣬲˵С⣬һֱҲûָ㡣Ȼֵǵ˵£зԸˣСôӦأ
ٟRһļѵֻн죿Ҫǽڲ֮£ȻǽԼáǽգܰյĹٶ㲻Ŀ˭Ŀܸȥ˵ѵûе۶ȥ£һֿɲƫƫ֮ˣģֻܰѵ۶ܺãı֣
¸Ĩһѱĺӣޱȵ˵С֪ˡд˵£ֻܷģС֪ôˣ
ٟRҾ͵ſԺ֣
¸æ֤õ⣡
ٟR۶ʲô¶û
¸ЦʵľСˡ
峤ʲô¡¶ٟR֪ˣ˵Ƕ˳ʲô΢ǣ
ǲܣ¸ģҶǰ峤˵ǳ¼ҶԲסػ峤İ䲼˼棬ȫ۶ˣǳ¼Сʮûô䶯ˡ
ٟR£ʲô棿
¸峤˵ˣʮӷ檣Υߣ塣
ٟRӴһǺλ峤ǳ¼ҲһǵһǡҪλǰ˳ӣ¼ұض¹⾰
¸̾⵹ǡѧһһҪϼӿ̡
Ǻ°̾ʲô
ԭнѧλϣһλСĸף峤ؼˡ峤˵ʿǽΡСױԹգ峤ҲΪǺãֻܿ͸ױԹ¸䣬ɼ²ֻ˱Թ
ٟRЦ峤ͦİ
ˡǰմ˰Ѻһλ޵ֶŮӷˣ˷Ҹ۶ȥˡһⰸСܽӡǾ͸̲ȥˡ峤ҲǼ˸ˣŰˣСòҪ롣¸ĲˣкüҪ׵ĹŮ£¶˴ˡСˡ
ʲôŮޡ
ǰ峤Ҳô˵˵겦һѧר̼ŮӶ顣¸ͷۣǼҿڵ۶ˡ
ٟRһЦҿ峤ѡĲ߶߶գټ֪Ͻ˵ɣʲô֣ĸŵ
¸ԼǵС˼һƣһ죬ƤС꣬ȫÿָ㣬ԺɾҲޡСǿ峤ᣬȴ̲סܸʶ
һѣ峤һְͯ֡ߣڱΰƷ˾⣬С꣬ʵɵˡٽ춼˾ˣҼ峤״󽫾޵Ŀȥס
ٟRԳ˾Щӡ󣬵ϴȥǵ˹ģµС
ɲôǰ£ҹ鲻꣬峤£ʱ³ˡ¸ѵûһʵǵףֻлײһգɶ£ҪˣڸҲһˡұޣҲܸ˵ϻƼ峤й峤Ļ̫Ϊ档
ٟR˵ѵó¸ҲΪʱ


271 ֮



ĵڶһ 
¼ҳ׳Ϊ۶ڼ̸ʡ
ٟRھ˻Ц򳰵ἰ,Ϊ¼峤ųг¼Ůڷܿ,ֻܸ,峤Ҫֻع
Щ꣬¼,ӵܻѣŮԵҲӰ졣ʶ,¼ҽ̵Ů˳,¼кӲüޡ
Ҫ֪,¼Ѿһ޵Ĺ,̲з˾ġ
ٶֱ
Ȼ,峤Ҳֻһᡣ峤Ҳ˵ˣ¼ҳ޵ĹŮԺ󶼿¼ӵһѧ,ѧѻʳȫ,нʿʦܿϹѧгѧѡ
,峤˽óһǧĶعרѧ
¼ҺسΪ۶,Щ,о˼ҵĴ,Ҫǰµġ
¼ʱǹ,ǰ볤,ʷϱԳʧ,ΪλҲʷΪʧ£Ҳ
ǰ¹ڼҴλ»û˵
漰ٲɵ۵˼ɵĸ¼ģʷ峤죬ЩС£峤ľλöˡ
֣̫ʣʵ۵˼أ
ɵ۵ҿλ峤Щ˵ĳ˵Ҳᣬնʮͷѵܵһֻ֮ڸҲû鵽£Ҹá
Ҳá֣̫ͬ⡣
ˣ¼Ҵͣ
Ϸ˵ʹҲ
Щ£ٟRֻһ䣬ôСһ¹Ϊġ
μƽ󳤹ڵ۶ٟR󳤹һȥٟRĻ˵ǹΪҵ
˳᳤飬λŮĿ
ңӵķʽȤٟRʶģ˳᳤Ϥģ˳᳤ԼĹһοԡ
ȫԡ
ݲʲô黭˳᳤ԡѡ¾䣬ϰ䣬ŮӲ°䡣ҪĬдĳݡ
ȡǰһȥΪ
Ҫ˵Ƶľ۫ӣ٫hÿ궼ȥģⶼÿǿ٫hü飬Ҳܿ
۫ƵǣֶŮѡˣŮһûѡϡ
ǳΪѣĿѡϣһŷŮ޲űǵ£ﵹҲʶֻ֣ʶޣż۫ƽʫּ֣̫۫ǣŮӼңϼְˣҪ
ҲŮġ
ܾ۫Ůġ
֣ǸŴӣ٫hСʱҲ飬֣ҲǿŮ٫hɶ٫hãٟRѡ٫hһλá
ϻ˵ĺãԶ˰ƷԸߣ٫hӴ˿ƪ¡
۫Ӱ֮Ҳһֶ۫Ůλ۫ԯ޵ˣϿŮԼǮŮŮ
۫Ƚ־ͬϣŮŮ֡
۫Ů䲻࣬ȴŮԽ̡

۫Ӹ֣ϱԹһǵýкȥûϾͽܡ
֣ϷġҴ̾˿ŮҪҪúһѧﲻжĹȥѧĸҲ˵ϹڡҪٸĹŮ˵δҲǶ֣ӵܼܵҳŮü
۫̾ǶˣѧҲˡ£
ӿļˣ֣ʡ
۫ӵ˼﹫ĵճ
֣룬ǺҼΣͦҲáˣٲܴġﻹһңŲҲһĸףҾͶһ䡣
֣۫ϵĽȦæǵĸȻ˵˵ļң
¼ҡ
۫ӵüҽ¶ǲ١
֣бҪ˵ǰͲɡȣ棬Ӳʮ׼С˲Щ֮£ۼҶȻҲɩ˵ѡ峤ǸΪˣӺβȥһ
һ֣ǳ¼峤۫£Щǣ˵깬ͣ˳¼Ҵҿ¼ҾλǺ
֣ϺЦӣǸѰżңСƷֻҪƷ˷ԼϽԺкǰ̣޾λҪ
۫Щ˼ЦЦⲻ۷˵ôǺʵãҲԸġ
֣һ⻰Ͳµ˼ҳϮģ¼峤޾Ϯ۫ʣǺμƷ٣
ϾΰƷ˾⡣
Щˡ
ҸhѰżʱҲ˼ŵ൱˼ңʮȫʮС¼峤ҲѴ¼Ҿ볤֮£Ȼǲǰġ峤ף̫̫ȻҲҪΪæµ
ǰҲ˴Ƕ¼ֻⵣӡ۫ӻǸԸҵճôоϮ
֣ϲɷܾԼټѡŭãһߵˮȷ̫.ʵۿԵ»ʺҴּ֮ҳжϮǶңԺ޹ȥϤҲȻչˡҵĺô
۫ͷ
Ҳ֪֣ϵ飬֣ϵҲһΪ￼ǡ峤ҲǸܸɵˡ
֣ϺʵϣҲ峤ɱҸ׳˵ΪҪɱ
۫Ӹ䣬תͷ˵յв裬û¡
Ƕλͷһи湫ңеСţý٫hĹأ촩ʲôѴʲôΡ
٫hᣬܻչãԼôһѴһΣգһȥＯϣ٫hǽܸٟRʶ
ٟR˵ǶˣԺˣֻܸh
˶СӦˡ
һ·˳ȸֵۣ£ׯص£ǰΪһβμʽŮӶѡ
۫͸ĸ˵ܲμһأҲֵˡ
ϣ۫ӵܵȢϣЦ⻰˵߯Ժú飬껹ȥ
һаյġҸ徭ѧˡ
۫ӵܵٶŮĵģĵȻһɽϵ㵱˵ĶԣЩûġJ
ЦۣǣҾԺˣǺҲܶ೤Щʶ
˵ĸףʴˣ˵궨Ҳȥġ
Ĺŵǰ֮ǰҲȥü꣬ԺȻҲһġ
˫ֺʲˣٺò
򳤹Ů˾ٳӮŮ֮ġҶֻͽ飬ֻҪþܲμӣһʱ䣬ӻԾ
ڹٟRʢ£ûԼڵ۶ֵдʫģճۡ͢͸һһݡ


272 ֮J



ĵڶ߶ 
һʮˡ
ٟRļ˾ϵĽΡ
Ůʮ,Ҳƽ֮ꡣ
˵ʮܴˡ
ʵٟRнΣСα㶼СŮСΡ,ٟR,ɶڶҲࡣټ̷˾ר˾ǽ̵,ⷽҲϸ¡˾ѣ˾ǵĶͷϹһ֣ʺ,˾ʮ֧,Ǹʮ֮
ٟRɰ,ǽ˽֮ĵ,˾ǰϻƶ,ʮ֧ӲӵĸʽĽΡ
ÿٟRһ֧ĵΣ˾⼸˾㿪,֪ЩÿˡٟRһֱ˾βʽϾǲ,ֱ˾ܹܳĲᡣٟR⼸˾ڲʹϵǰٳ߸ͷһ
ٟRøĸĸ㿴,òÿ
֣̫ĵ漸ƬѿʼţǺģ,ΩΩФ,¼ˡ֣̫Ц,
ĸ,ʮĽʲôģٟRʡ
ǵһʺ,һԷΡ
ڲڣơٟR
֣̫Ц,hĸʮ꣬͸ˡҼǵüh
ٟR룬ȷǼhΡ
ٟRִк˼¸˾˵裬ԺСˣҴˣҲҺúôšԺҲҪѧĸһ͸
˾ЦӦ£ūһúš
ǵԭ˾ʮ֧Σ˾˶ʮ֧һǻΣһױﻹʮ֧¿ϲ
˾ǽϲȡȻ²Ҳʮ֧ӲӵĽΣ
һǸʽΣһǷΡʯεȼԢĽΡ
ٟRһأЩѣ֧κأ
ҴȤ⣬ٟR˵һΣǹŮԷ˴ָ֧ĵΣǱ໨ľʯΡ
ٟRһͨţ˾ǣ׼ûJ
˾Ǵ𣬡ˡ
ǵͷ
ʮҲʼż٣һҲǻԼԲ硣ٟR˵ǣ쵥һѾǴˣĸˡ
ǿ̫ﲻԣЦӦǡ
ƹ͢ǣԹȻȻģİϯڱ»ʺף±ԣ̫ףΣ
ٟRͦ⣬ͬĸ˵ĸȻֿˣҲҪįȻһ£ҲһԶ
֣̫һԶį
ĴҶЦˡ
⼸գٟRͲԼԺ˶Żĸӡ
ϿŮԺȼ֦ʽҪһ֦Рٲļ֮⡣
ٟRӻȥĿɺˣû֦յңٟRΪʽǳ飬Ϊһ굽ͷرáõ֤
ٟRǣܱܲһ߶ˮƵġ
ٟRкһֵӭ꣬Щ˿ܲʽϲˡʮһգٟRıƽЩһ𴲣͸Ͻϴͷʰ׵ͽĸһȥſ֥գҪȵž죬֥鿪ڽڸߡ
ٟRȵĿģȵСŮڱ߶ϸкãͣ˵ǹȵĿãǹҲû˭ˣ
ÿʱٟRͲȵˡ
֣̫кЦһ֥ߵſڣ౶Ȥ
ʽӱȴǰٟRϰ߸ٟRһ֥գʽ࣬һȣýӱĻ˵ˣ͵ôźá
಻ɨ£һˡ
֣̫һͨ顣СԼšɵ֣ʺһʲôǹأùٽӲһ綼ڵԼǰ
ʮˡ
ոŽ԰У֣̫űʮˣѼȹƻʼ֮Ĳˡ
֣̫ʳ嵭ŷ౸֣̫ϲСˡ
ٟRϲʳȣʶЩҲ˰衣θھͼãָ裬裬ҼиѼȡ
ÿʱ֣̫Ҫ¸пټҵѪRʳϲáݴ̫.ʵ۵һܳţ⣬ʱȵҲϲȡ
ٟRѼ׷ԣӹѧĳԷٟR˵ҾԽˡ
ƽʱҲûϲʳӡ
ţҾϲһĽӡٟRϲ̵سԿѼ跹Ȼټпذܲӧ
ǲڣٟRô񲪵ĺţ¶ƽζ
ź֣ʺŹ֣̫밲ӱҲһ˵ٽ꣬ȻǼ黰
Բ磬ϵĺ󹬶Բμӣ䲻࣬иˣϲá
ȻһǸдھᣬٟRҲ˼ݡƽ󳤹˳᳤鸮˳Ҳ֣һء
ʮ壬ԹԪ͹ƣڱʽ
ʾѾʮ꣬Ƿֹӡ
ҲǹгСʱĸסʮһʱͻᵥһùԼס
ƽ󳤹˳᳤СʱˡǾʱסĹ֣̫й˿ʱʱɨš
ٟR볤һ֣̫ٹ󹬡ٹڷ⣬ɵϳѵµԶԣٟRҲͲס󹬡
ҲΪٳ˱˵ԭ
۶¸ѧ׹ݳ밲˵ԭ
ؾŵ󹬣ٹǰԱܽģ˳ȶط㡣
ְʾٟRǣʷ̨ʷ飬곤ӦʹЧ󳤹֮ڹٹס
ٟRɲ뿪ĸԼ˵ˣҺüǰԼסˣ滨ԺҵԺӣ
֣̫¸ʷ˼ǣں󹬵һȥס
ҲҪٟR˵Ǿĸ̫Զˣڶðÿһţҷѧܿĸ
ٟRĸнӹ£Լʴĸˣһ䣺ŮپϾǰΪϡ
ٟR󣬲ʱµһ䣬͢£ʷ̨Ҳ졣Ҳ̫ˣߣ
ڸ»мٟR壬ⲻʡ֮ǰٟRһΣţڸӦһЩ
ȻҲܲʸиǿ
ΪźԺҲкϱ˵ӻӱٹ֮ӦɶҲʡ
ٟRûǆ£ֱӽתǣǹ£ǹܻ⳯͢
ֻǴƷŮȴǾֶ꣬͢ɲ˵̲Ҳʮֲ֮͢͢£ٟRǾ仰̫ˣ
ŭ֮£ǴйȻֱ͢ŮϹ
Ϲһ˾Ů󣬴ǹ飬⳯͢͢͢Ů٣͢ɣʺϽ⳯͢
֣ʺӡּܲڸʱڸ߹ٷʶԽˡ
֣ʺ⳯͢񣬵ԴǷּܲ꣬Ϲֽעʷ٣ʷټ¼鵵
̫.ʵ𣬴δлʺּѵ֮⳯¡⳯߹Ҳϰӷڵķǹǻʺ󹬵
ƺһθܵӡ
Ҳ֣ʺǹһȷĶ̬⳯ȣ͢ǵĵ̣


273 ֮



ĵڶ 
˭ûϵǹһ,Ҵ̵ݡ
඼Ҫй
ʷ̨ԺҪбԼȫûСûи֮͢⣡
ڸ,֦µĺ,ʱ·ڷǹּܲѵͣˣ
λڸͬŵǰɵδ鷿,ȥ˷ǹ
ɵ۸ŻʺּܲѵڸǴ󾪡
Ϊ̫.ʵδ֮¡
ʺǻʵ۵,һ֮ĸ,ӡһֱΪϵڡΪʺʽͷͷ,ʱ򶼲ᶯ÷ӡ
ʽĴͷͷǻʵ۵ľ⳯ľʵƷ,⳯˺ʹ͹ԱĸھЩһ㲻ɻʺ
ʺְֻЩϸϷӡѡ
,ӡҲֻ˳Ĺߡ
оɷͻףûзӡ㲻߱ɷͬͬ,ûзӡھ뷷,گ㲻ּķ͡
ɭ統ҲҪϻʺʵ۱ȼվޡ
,ӡһô񷨡
,Ե»ʺ롶ҴΪŮӱ鼮ʱ,֮еġ
,һλʵ۵,µѵ뱮ڷڵ̫.ʵ,ҲҪ֮͢½ǹ
Ϊξǿ,ܼ֮¡
ǲΪҲʵҲ
ʥʵо仰˵ĺܶԣһݲɨɨ¡
һݽƺСɶɨ£ȴɨһݡʷȴһͿ
ǺԵʣ
ʵܼ򵥣ɨףɨһѡ
ܾųɾŵ˻෴
̫.ʵ۹涨󹬲ǰ֣ʺά͢ءɵ˵֣ʺѵڸ£ͻȻ󶯸λ𣿡
ϲ裬ɵ۽˷һϵĺļϣɲˡ
Ե£ҲᡣϹ˾һֵŮϱҷ֪¡ֱдƲƹ⳯ҲҲ֣֣ʺ׾Ͳ˵ЦһƢԣἰ·ǳܹҪܵʺˣ
ڴˡɵæȰҪŭŭ˸Ρ
֣ʺûҲѣ⳯͢зҰҲǻ⳯ģ͢͢ⲻйϵ⳯ɸ͢񣡲Ȼ͢ҲǹˣôҾͻΪԱ
ϳڸ󣡡
ɵ۵ɫҲ࣬õʷ̨һ򰮶Թ²ģҲǲġ
֣ʺ¾ͷþһġңûģ⳯ԽʵҪ͢һ
ĬԺ͢½⳯
ﻰɵ۳͢Ȼǻʺ
ԡ¿ίκι檡Ů٣ǻǴ󳼲֣֡ʺ
ۺ£ڸӱ˽ɵۿ֣ʺ󣬶̹ٵǽ˵
⳯ԱҪ󹬲׵£طҲһڷӣӾһһŵļ¼ܵݵǹٴǹţСʱȥ
Ҷǵһǹ䲻ҿҲ࣬ʤǰ
˽ȥͨ˵
ۺͬ׷齣ҲǻʺȨǾͬһ齵ģʺԣΪʺޡ
ֱɵºдһ˿䵭ЩԽˡ͢йƣ֮͢£ҲʺԽ͢Ů֮£
ȫǱۡʷ̨ͷʱ跽ʷӦԡʷе޸֮͢⡣ʮƹʽ⳯סµҲʮʽƹѵ¹ס󳤹ʱʮǨĸ񹬵ס룬йƣʶʷ飬δֹ
Ժ˼¡
ɵеĴ𰸣Ҳʷеݡ
ɵۿ֣ʺ֣ʺôˡ
֣ʺһ䣬Ҳ֪ǰ£йƣ飿Уóƣҿô˵ģ
ʷѧʿԶԣܴղ빫ϵܣڳжԹлػȻ顣
ֻǣ½ᣬ˭Ҳ̨˵
Ϊ˵ˣҪͣҪó֤ݡ
Ȼ黹ǹǺģ
οշӡ֣ʺΣҪ˵ŮǣΪĸҪˡ
ʮָɴ࣬ڸ²ףǳΪ׸ʧְʳȥ׸֮λʧְ֮
ʷԭҲǸֱ֮ˣʣ˽ġȴû뵽ֱʷ£һȡ
ѧʿڸĩβŹ¡
ôµĵԺܴ󣬿ɴС
֣ʺּѵ⣬ɵȻҪ֣ʺ˼֣ʺҲܸɴ࣬Ҳ֪ǰ£Ҳ֪δô󳼣˽ɱЩ²졣
ɵ۵ʺ˵
ȹ
֣ʺ¹ˣ͢Υɷ֮£ǰǵı֣಻ƫ˽͢ǰɣǾҪ͢ǾǰʩչһҪ͢ҲҪô
д
ûͷҶʱʷϲ⹴ᣬȻٿػȨ¡˭ٷ֮͢磬ҾΪͷ֣ʺµļ䣬⻰ֻ˵һ飬üΡ
˽ɫҰס
֣ʺδãһ󹬸˲
ɵ۳ˣڳ෣ٺ꽵һãʷѧʿٺ꣬áز顣
ģְ죬á
ضûУΪķˡ
췣ºɵ۰ο֣ʺãۺһٹʡɵĸ˵µĴãҳʱδ̫⣬ǻʺѣȷҪϽˡ
ٟRסĶû˹ˡ
ԭҲһ׮С£ǰСȡ裬һвǵ۽˸ʷĴ
ٟR֣ʺּܲѵǰʮлĸΪ
֣ʺܵȻΪʺ󣬹͢ҵְҵķ֮¡ǲ⳯͢ġ
֣ʺ뽪ӱӱҲҪסһ㣬۶ĳǲ֡͢ⲻʼҾΣˡ
ӱ֣ʺֶλ֣һ񣬡ǡĸҼסˡ
֣ʺ΢΢ףٶԡ


274 ֮



ĵڶ 
չﶼЩǲҪ̴ְ,࣬ʷ̨Ժ»ˣڸĶ̫ˡ
,ؼʱ,չﻹǸ̸һأйع౾,չĻ˵ڹÿǶ,ʲô¶ֵùԱϱܹЩ,ò㶼ˡ
ԩ
׸ְǵ,ǹ֮²ᵽ׸̨,ЩСԹСֵ౾һҲڸٰ¶¶档¶û,ǣ
วϥϰè֪̾,ϲܷǰ
ҲµҲǲ֪
ഹһ,ô˵
չû¡ʺŭ
΢ԴϮųů,̴һ˿⡣
ʷ̨Ժ,ѵǡ´ˡ
չ￴¯ϵˮ,², һյ,Щɻ˵,Ժһ,ѰǵĲ֡ʷ̨Ϊʲôܸȥأ
ǲйȥŮôʣʷɼٹ٣ɼ׹ݡʷ̨вףȴǳڴ⡣
չ˵ǹʷ̨ҲҪģ
ǲһġŽǰ󹬸ٹڷ֮⣬ǰǻŮʼŮ죬Ӻ󹬡̫ϥ£̫һͬٹˡ
ٹ̫ľ൭ȻҲŮ̫̫ݵ£̫סٹҲްɵҪһġҪ֪Ů죬Ψ̫Ӵǰ
̫ǰǻʺʱǾסں󹬷ǹġ
˵ٹڵĵطǰĵطչȥˮϵҶƬʡ
ԡҳʱԵλʺ̫.ʵǰšȵ۵ǻٹǰĴȵްź̫⴦ǰ̫ڷ⣬ҳѭҲˡ˵֣̫סٹԨԴ
ٹͦãͦġչȿڲ衣
һӣ̫㣬ʷ̨Ժ౾ġ
Ҳóϣؿʮָ
չﴽһ̣عѵ
òҼεٹ£Եüֻתˡ
չҲ˵Сʱÿμ˵ãͿɲˣǵҲɡڹˣһ¶̫ƽϡʷ̨ڶϱƲ¡
и֮ڴ˽ڣ¹أʷ̨һϱдȫû׷˼
ʷ̨飬ûˡ
󣬽˵ˣҲ˵Ĳǡ
չŸ˵ͷѯڼô
չƴȥǼõˣЦ
Сʮк˵Цһﻹҳ£ҼҲڣ׷񣬺庰үүүүǱСĺӡ
ʣˣ
Щ˼ͷĺӵͷǿ
ͷǳЦѻ˵Ұٵġչ١ҲŸĿ˵ҡ
پ׸ʵͲֻԳꡣңãǵ³ǰҲ˵ЦкЦ˵ǲ֪ڼҡǹѧĿҵҪǾһдһдԼĿͽˣǿɡ
Ƿ׷װѿҵ˵ǣҲġ
˵Ҫ㲻ڼңȻǿڼҾȿ㣬Ҳһ𣬿ǿҵгû
ƫͷʳŮѧôҵǰ̫ｻȸְĲʹ
չ׹ݳùѧҲĿѧҲоԿγ̣Ҳչ۽磬ѧЩʵ񡣡
湻ƫĵġһһ£ҵ룬һĿʮп
Ķٶȼ죬һƪһƪƬ̹㽫߰ƪ½꣬кǻȥˡ
չߣͷ׶˲ԡչ˵ǲ趼˰ɡ
޷ಢЩСڣ볤ŮŹÿ껹ѧӡ
ţһǧչȡ߸յвв裬ػյµĵݹȥ
һһƫŹѧġ˵
չ˵ڹӼѧҲиƣŷƵҲȥû̫ᡣ
ǰͷƼƻŷƣǳ͢ĳӡѧ׹ݳһġӼѧӣѧѧ.Ҫ͢Чġϲ֮飬Ӧ֮ͬ
չҲЩٟRһ㣬˵Ȱ˵ӼҲûȤˣϲ
Դ˻ش
㱨ڸ֮ˡܹء
²ڹӼϣĸһȸְϵξӡ
ٟRƽʱҪϿζ飬رùǳʱ䣬ĸӸţѧ
ٟRѣСһʣû
֣̫ʣôҪģ
Ҵ硣ٟRӾ;۾֣м䣬дҲʵ֣ҶαȻһ֡ҲԵĽдĲģžҲܺãԴǿУ͸ôһ̤ʵ⣬ҲԵõó˴󹦷ġ
гھְӵܣԼҾǹģα⣬ԽĹҲж⡣
ٟRԼԾԵ˽ⷴٵģ˵ҿ˶дĺܺá
Ҳûʲôôֻ˵һ䣬ĸ㿴ϱЩεĲʹȥ졣
֣̫֪£Цʣôˣ
ǵûС̫ˣҵٟR˵ҵ¶Ȼۼٺ»񲻰׷ˡ
֣̫Ц㵹Կ
ǵȻˡٟR˵ĸٸƼһ˲š
֣̫ʣ˭
˾Ŀ£࣬һ֡
ҵԼǵôˣôϵģ¿ϡ档
ٟRȥϱô£ϱЩĿ˱һõͷμҾͲ˾ԱѵϹӣҾͰѿ˱ϸϸһ飬ֻλ¿ϱһλƷʱĿ˽µȣ¼λ̰ī£λ챻١
֮ûٿ˹ϱµĿ˱óһ飬п۶ԱľҲпپĿҲܹʡٟR˵ҿǸµˡʮ꣬׳µ͡
ˡҼǵǼԪʮĽʿ
ԡ
пƣǸõģá
͵ö༸ϵ˵滰ġ˵ƾϱ£˾еһͲϸ˾ô
ٟR֣̫ϥ³Ǹ߶߶ģʱԱЩ֪ߵغ񡣲ټԱǵһΡҲûĸԼټˣ²Ÿĸ֪ġ
û뵽ʱ䲻˾а⣬ֱӱԽΣ˿˾С
ٟRûϵټô͵õĸͬЩСϲң˵ĸŪѲʹ£ĸҲˡ֣ⱻʽϾλһֻԭദǢ£һδѱıǡ
֣ͷ۵ģٟRͷݴ񣬿ٟRܲͨһһ
ֱûУ


275 ֮߰



ĵڶ 
ֻ֣ⷢ²ʹ¡һ䵽ܵϾ,֣֣ʳӿǲʹʲô֪ıʷ
֣üۣб,϶ǹĹ
ǵ﹫ˣ֣ʡʱ,һƵô϶ǳӮӮˡ
֣˵ĶǵǰҶϱĿ,Ҿ˵˵ȻԸԸ⵽ϱֲɵ,Ըȥô㲻֪Ƥ,ҲԸȥ˵,˵һŪѵĲʹҵĸҲ,⳯͢¾Ҳģ
֣ûƣ,㻹ұԹ̫
Ȼ˵ӣҿ˵ĺܶԣǽˣ,Ͼ,úõ֪͵ĺã
вˡ
֣û˵
֣,֣ûš֣ٟRϵã˵ʱ,ĸٟR˵,ҸڳĶ,ԭְ
ٟRֱЦ,ԭְǲܵ,Ҫֻ͡
֣⻰ظ,֣ͷ۱ԹŮֱһܶزס
ֲʲôܡ֣˵㲻֪ŻĲʹġ
֣ҡԱңʣҪ˭ãǸǰ׵Ĳʹˣ𣿡
м׵Ĳʹ֣ʡ
ԭΪеġ֣źҡҡͷڿûˡ
֣øС˵ĥţǸ״󽫾񣬰ǵ治ѵ׵ĺòʹ
УҪϾҲ̫û
ǳˡ
֣ģȴҲõġ
ϱУвȸƽ鲢ڵ֮ϡ
ЩʧȴҲԤ֮С
ٟRһ뵽͢ĸĿ϶ԳȤ
һЩسеġ
Ǩ֮£۾ΪٟRҪɶԹԱĿ
ٟR֣̫ڳϵӰԱǣǽһپЩ˵ʷ̫Ҳ˼
ɵȷƵǼˣʷ̫룬֪ͳ̫һ䣬ҲΪ
콫·¡
ʱٟRת£ÿæŸh׼
ǵģ٫hҪʽˡ
ڰ׹ݳԳ׵Ӷˣڽ¡
ٟRһhҪãҪh׼һݳĶ٫hоλڹ⼸ֱ꣬ͨҹŮ֣̫֣ͬʺʹ͡
Ҳһ٫hܺã٫h׼һݶ
ȻཪӱҲ£һġ
ٟRӱţʱ٫hףɩҪԹȥףء
۫۫һºҲЩ䣬ɵ۴Ϊͬȥɡһĺýã㰢hһǸӣֵĲźá֣ʺhݶ񡣡
˵Ҷˡ
ɵЦҲ˵ӱĸҲСh⺢ӲһССʱRһ飬ҿҲŮһ㡣
֣̫֣ʺҲϲ٫h㶼ɵԣӱʹȥ
һʱ䣬۫
۫ԵãŮûȥ⼸飬Եµġ
׹ݳǱߵĶ׼Ҳ˳죬ǣǵýˣƸʹԱưˡ
ʷ̫׼ұžƵģԵûֶͣһĽլԸ׹ݳ˵hǺӴãɲŮòûʲôɵĵġһhϾլЩСˣ׻ܴպһ׺ѵӸ㼷⴦СլҶ㱸ˣ׾סͨôǶԶ߶϶Ĺ٣Ҳ˲ǡ
׹ݳ˵˾ҲһլӣûС
ãۼҺöɣʷֶ̫зǡ
׹ݳʷ̫󲮵լӣҲҪѾڻլӣ䲻ͨôֵضκãҲǷСլãסˣίh
ʷ̫㻹ҿ
׹ݳô˵ҲöĶɣܸҪ
׹ݳգʷֲ̫ӣֶһ䣬ֱľѧδףֱŮ
׹ݳŲЦ׺ǷޣѵĽУ衣
ǡ
˲
ʷ̫Ƶһ룬ѵҺϣڹٳ׳ꡣ
׹ݳ˵̫ϡ
ʷ̫_ء
׹ݳЦЦ˵
֪٫hĶж֣٫h˼ǵ۶һţ۫Ҳǵ۶һң׵ϱİ׹ݳ٫hڹﻹһѡ
ǵٟRӱչ桢ʷﶼˣ˳᳤أƽ󳤹ҲԵˣƽ۫ͬܣƢԶʱҲɻڣһֵܽҲûʣԵ׽
۫ӭӭģ춼ҪЦˡ
ѵôѣ۫;δһ˿ӡ
ٟR󣬾٫h٫hһ˵ӱͬݳ˵Ц׹ݳƸˣӱŮ֪ٟRһٟR֣ܳͼ׹ݳһϲۣ￡ı۫ĸ
Ȼϵĳĸд󳤹Щƣ׹ݳٲһһ
󳤹ޣ⺢úá
裬ò˫ȫ׹ݳ̽
ӱ˵Ҳá
ٟRҪƷá
ڰ׹ݳ۸廹ĸ嶼Ǵ壬ЩҲ߹Ůӿֻ̣ܴǺЦĹԹš
һƣǴɣչĺܡ
ýƸ
ٟR󽫾һƸֵ׹ݳôһýģ
ýԼΣ˲֪еٟRһʣ֡ǰǵýˣһһ䣬λдԱ
֣ϿŮ׹ݳͣ˵³˫곤Щƾʹί
ڴЦǸĳ˹ӵĺӡ
Ҷ˵ýĺãýˣȷ³˫
ٟRŰ׹ݳҲͦã׹ݳ͹Ƹĸʽ͸˳ȥˣڶٿǱ÷
ٟRֻСŸ룬Ѱ׹ݳƸ´h֪٫hЩ⣬ٟRʵϵ˵h㣬㶼֪׹ݳôǵĶһýˣ˵к³˫
٫hҲ֪׼£ٟR˵٫hɬ׳׶ϲ
˰׹ݳҵ£Ҳܳȥ£ʶҶ֪һٟR˵׼ģԴµ̬Ҳ֣ء
ɰ׹ݳ⡰³˫ĽԴŮ˫ý
۫ⶨ񣬱˼ҵĳҲʲôˡ
Ҷֵ緽ȥٟRع߶߶գ˵hĶô֣׹ݳôģԼ׹ݳϲģô㣬밢h㻹Ǻܰġ
٫h棬֣̫֣ʺ󶼺ϲãɵۻ֣ʺ˵һ䣬hĳҲһźá
߿ֻ˲ݵ۫òŮŶ⣬ĥŮͬﱲóޣҪޣɡ
٫hףٟRҪԵǣֵѡһλˡ


276 ֮߾



ĵڶ 
׺,hҪڼ׼׵ˡ
ٟRҪʼѡһλ㣬ѡһλڵģ¡
Ȼ,Ҳ۶Ժմ忴ߵİȱ,ʼ߶ϣŮѡ
ٟR,ѧؼǴ˺áҶϣŮٟܵRԵ,ѡ̶֮λ
ٟRǲԸѡǼŮ,ֻٟRཻһǱŮ,Ĺ,궼٫h֣ΣǶ׾׼ס
ҲٟRٶȹ,ٟRҸԼµġ
ٟRѡĸ׽ڿĸ״żٟRΪǸٟRţ˲δġ
ٟRźټ˳
ҲٟRõĹ֮һ,ٟRϸģ,ɫ˶յ²裬յƮŵζٟRǽ괺,Цʣʲô£ֻ˵л
˫,Щ֢,һֱ,ÿνĲ趼ǲѪĹԲ衢һࡣһ,֣صĿ,,öˣȥҲֻĴΡ
ٟR⻰ͷԣͳܺðҿҲǿܶࡣǰѩ׵ģ˵ûʲôģȷǺöˣ䶼
ɫʣ֪µ°ѡȷ𣿡
ٟR˵ûС
£ԼΪ°
ٟRЩȣɰͼѽҲô
̹ϵ˵ԼʵǰͿʼˡҵЩ⣬ӲãСʱܳҩﶼ֪ġ
˵ʵˣŵԵ˼£ŵڣҲҪŮǷ׳ϾغԺ֮¡˵֮ƽͣȫûѰĺߡ˵УΪһĸǴСǳԲġĸҲΪҲģֻ˵һŵԵ͡ƷҺ˼ҡ
ٟRٲȻһܶӣǳ󽫾㰡
ǰ̾˿ƣĺ㴹еĲ裬żƣܲڳޡ±˴ܵͼЩʲôһҪҼЯӣԲҶҲáҲܽӹȥֻһ룬ܾζ
ǵͼ۳ĲдƷЦ
˵ٟRǸŹʣӣԼѸáųҪͼްҿѰ˶䲻ϰ㣡
ЦͬҺãȻҴá
ǡ㱾ͺãҲſáٟR׳ëԼԭˬ˵Ҫұѡ˭ЩĽ飬һ仰¡ʲôʱؼٻأҲüҪҸԼģͷӣϵȱʯģοѡɷȻҲҪһһġҪ㶨ˣһƲġ
ԭյʱųʣ²ٿһ
⿼ɶٟR˵㲻˵ҶЩաЩҡ
ҲһʱġҲûãܾű˶ҲҲͰ׼ˡе㲻ģʼֻһ㣬ʱ䳤ˣһͳ˺ܲġ
ڼãѡĻᣬˣҪǵͬ⣬ҾԺ´飬Ҿ͸Ů١
ٟRͬãǾܳþһˣ
ٟRͬǸ⡣
ıٟRȲҪԺŮٵ˵ȥȻҵҪ롣
ٟRɶ¶󣬺ǲ⣬Ҳ֪
ＫаգСʱڵְ˾ҲΨнһ·ˡ
ٟR۽磬ͷ޵ⲻɣǾ
ٟR¾ųﵽĸǱ߶°£ȣٟRڰǺĸ˵ġ
󽫾ǽ֮һٟR֣̫û˵һ䣬ҿҲ˵׵ˣ˵ô
ٟRĵİѰļѴĸ˵ˣҿܿ岻ҲܹѾˣϸԵøƵġ¶òһȡҲףɡ
֣̫ЩЦþͳɡ
ٟRرܵļһ䣬ĸɱѰ˵ȥ
֣̫󣬡⻹˵ôڼǵͽҲҪġ
ǲ˵ҴӦҪܵġ
ܻ治١
Ȼ
λѡɵҲû
ڳң˵ĸףѧʶţҲݡ˵ˣҼҲǼһһӡȻɲˡ
ǸŮҲɳڼ˵ӲҪôţǾ͵ôš
ȫ֪ͨĸһ
󽫾ŹŮ־丸׶ǾŹŮǻӶõġֻ˷ĶŮһһȥֻ˻ڣ˵ˡ
ҲףŮкôġҲûŮޣɡ
ϼԴҲ֧̬ȣ𿴳û䣬µ˵ףֶһ̸ʣۼҽڹġ
ܳļ壬˵Ůڡ
ȻЩԼۣϼǾֳ֧ܵõ֮λġ
Ųܼô룬˵ˣּܲһʹʰõļȥˣ


277 ֮



ĵڶ 
԰Ӧܿ,ԭʹǿڹġңչＸ˽ʶѧʶ಻ٟRһֱж⹫ԼĶ,Щ,һһ
һ׵Ҳݻ
ֻ,಻֪˼ʧ䣬ԭ깫°任Ƶ,ιӦûСĹ,ȴѡ˳꽫ǵǧ
ǧӲѵԼҲǺ,Ȼ,ƾٵãҲѡһλ岻ѵĹ
ڻ,Ժ֦Ҳ⣬ѿ㴦ʼСС͹ź,Ժɹ̫˵
ٟR˵,Ҳ֪ϱٵˣ
չ˵½հ£Ӧòſʼɡ
ʷ,ȥ겻ϱô
ͷǸŹһסٹ,Գд¶֪һЩȷȥϱˡ
Ҿƽ,̫ɹЩ,,ɲô,ȥֻȸϱȸֽԭԼһ̯ʹ,ϱǼܣǰʿ»ν죬˳
ٟR˵ȥϱưɣ뿴½ٵΡ
չȥ湫ȥһϽţ洫Ĺ٣غٵ¡ʣʲôʱȥ
г󽫾ľ¿ΣǰĿεһ£ճһҲô󽫾࣬һϱѲӣȨϿˡ
ұҳγ̱ε¡
ǣϿεĳ󽫾µҪ̲סŮһۣǸпŮ԰ݵͶ룬¾Ȼǰ˵һ
ٟRЦѽ󽫾ѵְû͸Ŷ
Ȼǵµİûеô͸¶µ¡Ҽ佫ңػˣǲǣ󽫾
ˡ
󽫾ǸпŮĴ˽¼οֽΪԵذ֡󽫾ɫףǣ
ٟR̾һ佫ɡ
󽫾ʣ̫֪Ҫô
ĸͬˡ
´ĸȥ
ȥ
󽫾򵼣ԴŹȥãٟRδ˳ǰһͻװӡȸϣעĿ˿ٟRͬ˻֡
һ׷׻ֻӦ˵λ˳а
ȸλصĹˡ
¡ǰȥҼ¡
ô¿϶ﳵģѵкˣ
ǰѳ򿪵ģǻģҼģ϶ǹ£
ѽǷһ󰡣
⻹˵
³ܶడǰҲҼʱСһˡ

󽫾⡣
ٟRǴЦ˵϶˺ܶŮӡ
󽫾ٟRٟRСʱҵһγȫŮӡʱŮҪءҴĹأҲҪñ˵ЩñֱŵףŮӱñɴ¡
󽫾ΪԸ߹٣Щ鲻˵ֻš
޴Ĺ涨սɵ˰УŮӳţôӪ˿ڡٟRЩŮӳţи͢ϸ˰𡣳͢ӣܸõҡ
󽫾ɫתΪ֣ءΪٟRֻǷɧ˵һ˵Ҵĺôû뵽ٟRվĸߣܴ˰ιķ⣬Ƶϸݽˡ
ҾԼϲҲʡٟRȴƷײǼ׵£һģҪһ𡣡
˵ţٟRһϵչչ¶һĬЦ⡣
Լ̸Ĺ£󽫾侪ȣҲ̬ͬȶԴѪΨ¡ˣԸ⿴һǿΪϧյĻҡ
ѵڳ⡣
ֱ֦˿˿⣬˹ٵֱͨѵӪĵ·Ҳܿȴࡣ󽫾Сһ·Σ
ٟRһд⡣
΢ٟRĲ
ԶԶһӳ۶ǰѯ󽫾ؽǰ
һǹ¼ݵ̴Ӫţ빫һн롣
ٟRڰ˷б浱ֵЩˡ
Ӫڣӭһ¡
ͣб̧䣬ЩԵı䱻ȻодӶǰҽΡ
ٟR󽫾뾪˵ô¡
˼ʣα󽫾δ󽫾½ǰδ󽫾װ屦ȭһ񣬡ˡ
޷й涨ּдٟRһ֣ҵľԿΣϱ
ν롣
νվְɻӦ
ڼƽΪ٣ƽ½ʿҪ˴ӦνʣҪҪϢٿʿѵ
Ҳۡ
νܸɴֱ࣬빫һеѵȥ
ٟRǰ֣ϱˣѵ£̤УٟRͼ̫µһŲ±Ѫܵı䡣
ٟR˫ĿԲô£
Ĺٳʷﺦµıߣչ򴽣ɫ治۶黹˽ս֮£֪ɭϣξϵĽ죬ȷǲġ
üȡ
νͣЩǽѵٵġ
ٟR˵˿ɹţڻָɡ
޷д򡣡νѰ˵
ٟRбѵе£̧ȥģʣ˴ѵô
νǳòӦѵǿʹȥġ
֪ΣٟR̲ס̿ˮųƴѵĽʿƽؾѵô
ν¶δƽѵһ롣Щʵ̫ˣӦȫ䵽߹شַˡ
ٟRͣ͸νϸа
ν΢΢Ƿǫѷһ䣬лΡɳ̫ãҪѵӿ»Ҫʱ䡣
޷
ٟRЩνѵҼǵǰѵǷֿģǹģģġ
ν̫ѵܣһº·ѡӪ
ٟRʣЧá
Ҫл̫ƽ£ȻЩ˱ȫЦˡ
νٟRѲѵٟR͸ѵ⣬س̣ʯѵؼѵȡٟR棬׽ײС
̸ֽǳġνӪԶпֻܹгӴڣҲԵĽ졣
⣬ٟRһˬĸƷԱΪ죬ǿ˵ˡ
νϿҵ˵ʱӭ¼١
ٟRһˣʣνսֽʲôѴֻܸңתĸ
Ѵ治١ʿоͣе֮ЩսǹơСľ඼Ҫ滻ӵȥˣȴ˵ȥѾҪĿ̫ࡣڿҲûõģǱ貹ϵġνҲ뻧ƤҪǱ£ǰ˱æ
ٟRˬˣһӦ£¾Ͱϣ
νȭһ񣬡л°æ
󽫾ν󹦷ͰѾе½ˣ´Ϊ̾һʤˣԺСﱱˡ
磬νʳҲֻǼϯ棬ٟR֪ͣ¼ݵҲûǰԤóӪʳıһҲ볢Ӫлʳûȥð졣
ٟRͺܺáЩѱˣұȳɽ亣ζˡһͿǰʴ۵ϯԤҲʳ֮ζ
νȻһЦƣ


278 ֮һ



ĵڶ߰ 
ν˵ϯª,ĿȥȷɫѰʢŷ˵ҲǾõĴִɡ֪,һ߰ڴִڱ־β²ǹɫ˸С
ٟR,вƣٿЮһ,ζ̵࣬ʿ,ϸ׽еĻظ
Ƿǵ,ǲ߱
ٟR׳ŷ,Ʒ,һ֪ǰͣɻûĺաٟR,Ӳ
νƽùߵļҳ
ٟRϸνŴֺ,ҪһȦ˿üּۡװ²ȴ͸һɫ,ٟR룬λνȻ
ٟRԵ۶Ų˵ָƣҲ֪߰˰,ֻǵ۶û佫û˵εġٟRʷ۶μҲѫ,νǳι
ν,,޾Ϯ
Ȼμˡ
ٟR,ν幫ô
ν̹,ǡҸĸʡ
ٟRЩϧ,ѹƽʱûˡֻĸڣ游ĸҲˡ
ٟRһϳˢĶյνѹǸյ裬ԺҾˡ
²յˣνҲǸСڵģյһ޵Ӣ
ٟRЦŽһ
νҲȾ
󽫾ǰݰô
νѰ佫вͬĻչˣù²ˣòֹ˹ţǶչＸҲºͣԳơհо𾴡
ָоٟRʦ̸ʱеĸо
ٟRùһͷȥϽ
Ͻ󽫾ҲΣش󽫾
ؽѮڣüĿӢͦΪԲڣٟRѵʿġ
ٟR˵ен
ؽϵĿɿʣĪȸžŽЩ
뵽ڱһ˿ѵ֣⣬ٟRݸ⻹Ǳ潫ˡ
ٟRعѲӵĽĸʣҲڣٟR˵ҿ»λ󽫾൱סʣȱѵе˵ûԤ㡣˵˵ȥҪ»õӡ¶ûʣӣѱеǲȫˡ
ɵЦЦǱƤġѰ˼ӣ࣬ȥ졣ϱජЩ
Ӧ¡
ٟR˵Ҫ겹еٱе֮ǰЩȥĶأ
ٟRĻüģǴ֣̫ɵĸӵ£ɵ۵˾ء
˵ǡеʧǱȹԱ̰īص״ٟR˵֣ܻãҪ̲ϱıе
ͷⲻ˵Ȱ¡
֣̫ģ֮£ʧЦЩ⣬ɲ
ɵ۵²裬һĸ󡣡
֣̫Ȳѹѹɵ˵̫ҽһɡ
֣̫ڰ֣£żԵʡ
ٟRսʣĸǲɤӷŸɲɣôٟRԼǰԵ֢״˵һĸ
ҲܹеĿĸ֣̫ЦʱÿҲ׿̫ҽһƽҩûˡ
˵ĸ̫ҽ̫ҽԺֵգھ̫ҽǰ
ٟRͷϵѽҲĸ˼ֱӷԸٹܹܣڹȥ̫ҽԺһˣԺS
֣̫޴󰭣ԺһأҲ˵ʱУҩڶ֣̫תãûټˡ
ϱıеĹºܿ
˳᳤Խҿţ֣̫Ǵȥʽ˵ҲμӹһΣ׼ǲġҸĸҲڷΪ֪ɲԣҪУǾʽĸӣǲУҲҸظŶͲˡ
ٟR˵ĺ£ĸʵġ
֣̫Цɴˡ
ٟRһŹͷȫĸڷƤӦУС£ĸҲ޷
֣̫Цˣ֪£ȥĸһĸӦóԽλӡ
ٟR⻹ʱ̸˾١
ⲻؼͰģһһ֣̫󲻼졣
ٟRס£ﻹԹҪңʾˣǲμӹ۶Ŵ
˳᳤˵ҲߣǰҲԥһһûӦСƤûӵġ
ʲôûӣӦͲӦ¡ٟR˵ô᲻Ӧأ
˳᳤ЩпٟͬRںʱҪҺͼƽƵʮ԰ɡŮ£ᶼû˸ᡣ
ȷٟRΪ˳¡Ȼ£ٟRԼ顣Ϊףֻĸ˵һ£ȴŮŬĽ
ֻǣʱٟRв˳᳤еĸ̾
֣ʺɵۺ󣬺ܿͬԽҿ˳᳤ҿźʽۡŮӣǿӣδ˾ֱӵݵڹϹ֣ʺǰ
֣ʺһ׼֣·ӡƷŮǣȻʽڷ˾٣ԱŮ֮á
ֻһС£ȴ۫
۫ɵۣɵ۵Сǰȥռ㣬˳̫ƽʲôõġ
۫˳ʵ£̫ƽ;ҲоȺ輸СŮӲ͡ŮҲѧʺɣϣ˳̩񰲵£òǡ
ɵüģƽﺢӵȥ̫ƽҲǺӵ⡣岻صǹʺѾӡˣ¾ôɡ
۫̾гԽҿ֮һһЧ¡
ɵ۸۫̾Щǰס飬ҲС¡
۫һ֪̾ɵ۲ЩСٹ϶һ׼S
˵
ңҴС£Ӷȵ˾ͬҲŮ죬Ů۶ֱ͵ʺǱ߶ġ۫»ǶԺŮҲ͵˾иС飬֪ҲɸΪЧ
ɵڵ۾۫ĵĹɵۺƽ˵д⣬ۡʺδʧ֮ҹŮ۶ǻʺãͻȻƽ˾ҹŮΪۣôһңѵԺǵҲȵݵ˾
۫ɵʵ࣬ǣǵȻǡ
ɵ۵ˣݸáԺ۫бĿֲ̽١
Ĳ鲻Ը۫Ӧǡ
ɵۼȻԽҿּ߷Ůմҷ޻ûʺּܲŮ岻ͽ
۫δϵǵַ֮Ȩδɣɵ۷Ҫ֮Ȩ͸ŮʱΪļȰɵ˼̧ͷȴɵԨ޴ɵ۵Ҫ˳ʩС
˫̫۫估Լ֣Ȼʱ¡۫˼ּ


279 ֮˶



ĵڶ߾ 
ٟRһֱעϱ̰ī,Щеȥ
ٟRע˾صھе׷ϡ
Ͼе֪,ô,ȥ򡣾еͬڱƷڳ͢ƿ֮еľеη,ҪЩеĻʲôأ
õһĹµٟR⣬˾,,,ȻǾ๴ϱ˽ãJG
еַɾƹ,һеɽ󽫾,Ȼ󾭱׼תɻ㣬֮ɷࡣеɾ,ȻٷŸ
±ٟRеļһǧ,Ǿ೤ϱıҰһ֣еû
ٟR̾,Ҳ̫˰ɡ
֣̫Цͷһؼӹ˾򵥵ġJG
ٟR£·ϥ,ʵϵ˵,һΪ˽еԱıġ
֣̫,˾Ҳܵ˽е,ֲ,ȷǾϱ̰īá
ٟRɿ,Ҳá̰ܱıס
¶Ҳ֡ϱһֱûΣٟR˵
֣̫ӳɵгһݵݸٟR㿴ЩµĹԱһ㲻ˡ
ٟRϱ׼ʱһٸ󽫾ٵƷС죬漰̰īĹԱԱߴʮٟRૣǴͷõˡ
ٟR𾪲ѣǻ۶ľӣܶˣ
֣̫˾ռߣξһʱ͵һ顣
ٟRʧϣ۶Ľ춼ڸĸô
֣̫⣬RΪʲô˵
ٟRڰ׷۾ﵹӳ֣̫ӺݣٟRعԱ۶ԶܸܵĸĶ£ڼʶ׷Ĺ٣׷ȨǮⲻΪ档
ɵ۶ĹԱλԺ󽫾˵װȫ֮ף󽫾ӦǸĸصĳӡĳȴҪ̰īеڽ֣֮˿ûб־ⲻǺܿɱô
ٟR˵ĸ͸ʽ۶İΣػǸ޴Σû׷͸ʡ
ٟRޱ棬ĸ븸Ӧѡҳϵĳ۶
֣̫ٟRԱŶĵģǲҪܾò֤ʵȷϡ
ٟRʣûһһ׸ңһһ£־ùңǧŵô
֣̫ʧЦСëǶӡ
ٟR˵Ϊ͢ĴھҪҵˣινˡ˺٣Ҫ̵ԱΪˡ
档֣̫˵ٳѾ˲õʢˡ
ٟRٳҪӵ۶ʼΪδԱǵ۶Աίɣ۶Աˣεıˡ
̸ֽĶס֣̫ЦٟR
ٟRҹѧ͹ܵĺܺáĸȥڶϹѧ׹ݳصĿˡ
ἰѧ֣̫Ҳóϰ׹ݳһɲţסˡ
ٟRһü֣̫λƷְߣȴǸʮҪְ˾ҿ׹ݳתν൱
ٟR˵ǹѧɵҸ׹ݳµ˲ŽΡȻǸûԭģ⼸Ͱ׷ˡ
֣̫ЦٟR㲻˵Ա׵ĺôѧҲһֱڹܣһˡ
ٟR˵ʶĶʦʷʦǣҲʶԵĹԱ
˳Դʲôģ֣̫Цÿָ㽭ɽƷĹѧݳͼˣͲᶯӣ
ٟR룬һҸո˵ĸĽ첻ҳĻĸסˣɣ̾ͱˡ
ٟRģϲĸ⣬ӦаɣҾͽĸҵ
֣̫ЦЦƳõģģܸɵģԭġȻԱԺܲãɶû˵Եʡ
ٟRĳĸĸҾĸôС۶ַˡ
֣̫Ц⣬
˵С۶Ӹޣ֮ڣҪѡ
ٟR޲ܰԼϣ
ȽʹȻҪԴüˣȻĸСƻС£ѧĴþ档
ٟRһǸС涼佫ѫ֮ңĹٲϤﲻæʷ˵游ʶĹ٣ֻǻĸҪѡ»ûʱҲز˼ҡҪ游Ͽεʱ򣬵һ游ʶĹ١
ǸӡչҲһʦа׹ݳ˼׹ݳ˭˽ѧ
Ȼչһѡ£֮ǰһԱУ˵棬֮ǰϱʹһУ˾Ʒ¹ԱǨڹԱϣʤԵš
ǰôиˡٟRһţټС


280 ֮



ĵڶ 
ٹĴ,ʷһϲΪɻ²ߵˣµĴġ
ɶ,Ŀʷ,ô˷ʲô
ˣѵû˵,¿̫ߵĵһˡʷ²Ϊ˾йٳա
˼ܲôȿڲ衣
ֹ˵ǰԺԺǵ˹,ͱˡйѧ׹ݳ,˵Ǹ¹ϵ,ڹѧƿɲһ㡣
ɾ,뷴˰ɡ׹ݳҪûŸɣ͹ƾŸϵ,ܰѹѧܺˣѵѧǹܵģ
ŶҲŶʷǸɵ˶ˣϹٸ,˺ú׼,ȥɱ﹫ٶ಻ף϶ȥյˡʷ˫ֺʲ,ֹһأҼҴƽ˳,һҪֵùϲ
ҹȥ¡ܲµ˼롣
ʷȷһҪ,غ׼,ͳȥˡ
ɹλ,ֲý֮,һֻ׹,ͻȻͱεƷС
һʱ䣬Ϲأͬźϲ
Ǩĸ⡣
ҲϹͻȻЯºȻ٣ѵǹЯңѧ׹ݳһ
׹ݳιѧݳʱ˾¡׹ݳϹֱӵҪ뱸ѡģɶ԰׹ݳЩȴֲò䱾˽⣬ٴο׹ݳĽѡͬѡ
ֻѡ˭λͷ˵㡣
ʱѧ˺ܴţݴƹѧĹ񣬺˰׹ݳһ¡
ɴ˿֪׹ݳǵõѡתιѧݳְ֮
׹ݳĹԱƯЯǰλص۶Ϊ档
ôͻȻ˹أ
ɰ˼⡣
ڶգɰ˵ʱһӵٹݼÿҪ飬ʶӼԱ硣
ٹйԱרӹѧȡ
̵ֵͼһλٳͬšG
صطġ׹ݳ
ɣ׹ݳԾȣ󴽽һ̣βһĨЦ⡣
򰵰ۣУλǽϰ׹ݳѷ뼶ֻǰ񣬡׹ݳ
׹ݳαޱȵİڰ֣˲ضǱͬţס
ֱӽ۷ˣѰ׹ݳûҰ񡣡
ֲɹٶㆪ¡ο˾£ûһָϵģѧҪһԵġ
ȫΰ׹ݳƷܵĵǲǱ¹ҩ׹ݳ֣㣬ͬš˿֣ţŲˮϸŵĳɼ״ҲٿÿǸá
׹ݳͻȻսͲǸҩ
ɶݺݵأҪ⹷Ҿ㡣
׹ݳԴ˲
ɵٸҳͷˡ
һʱ⴫˵Сӣ׹ݳжô
šáȵһȣȥĸһʹǡЩ㣬Ƕš
ܿԶȥ
̲סһۣһ
ٟRĸѣټ׹ݳ׹ݳλиߣʶʱ䳤Ұ׹ݳǫhhδȻһ׽
ٟRһ׹ݳͨٵĺϢ׹ݳҪξ˾ˣ⣬διְ
ųġٟRȸ㣬и
˾ҲǳҪְֻιѧ⼸꣬׹ݳԹѧͶѪЩ᲻ùѧ
ѧĸضˣԺ涼ӡֻҲǽѧͷ̫ʢʱãǻ¹ݳû˽ǺѧҪ˰ܻٟR˵ǡ
׹ݳ뵽УټУҪټ¹ݳѡô
ԡҿǸĵˣټõġ
׹ݳһɣǱˡȻԲʹ𣬿˹Ա˽ټһˡ
ٟR˽ⲻ˳ʵ׹ݳҲ֪С
׹ݳΣڽʷ齭ο֮£˾طԱһ㶼ǰԱϹٽ¹ԱһĹȻϽɻûԱװ˽η˹Աġ
ٟRĿɿڴǺ棬̲ס׷ʣǺˣ
ûΡ˲Ÿɳڣ˽֯ƽƣ˹Ǹǳ뽭Ͻץ˽ηʱһץˡ
ٟRĹЦȤ¡
׹ݳһƣԱȫûһ˹ϰ˶紮ͨõġģҲĿӵĲòã
ʱλͣĺݺѵһ٣²꣬ʷ̨ˮ׼
׹ݳĹѪͷֱ
Ȼ׹ݳǳΪΪץ˸˽η˵кҩ˲ʳ֮ʡ˭»ȥ˽ηӰ
뵽éĳԵ׹ݳŭˡ
ٟRһع£´ãټʱģ
ϽܹйµķԸټѧѡʱһ˼ѧͶĶǹٻӵܣҪѰһλ־˿ƵĹԱơ
ԣԣ͵ġ
һĿϧǳͻȥѡ
ѡ˭ٟRʡ
ʵ£һλ١
ٟR΢ȣл˲ţ
ɵԭϽ˾⣬Ʒ£Ͻ󽫾¡꿼˽ʱƵϳȾˡֻǹְЩͣڹѧݳǴƷ޹ƸΣ޴
ٟR뵽λ¼峤ĸҲܸ׶ˣϽְ˳ɹԱ±ף治¡J
״󽫾Ҳ޹
ٟRף֪ˡѳ˾Ŀңѡ˵

ٟRʣڵɻӦ
áɾžæЩҲ޷лֱԣ£޹ΪλƸΣԭ£ǨҲԱɣи֡۶ԱǨһףοֱԽԱɣС
㵱ģǹٟRҲı֡׿˾ٹٿ͢ǸԱǨáغ֣Ϊ͢ס
Ҫĵ˽µĹԱʹĺãͻᱻΡҵٟ֮Rƽ˵룬˿˹Աʱԭһġ
ͷһǰ˹ԱҲӲ룬ֻԱΪûΪãģ
Գˡ
ٟRɣһԶùԱ
ͬŵһĻ̲סпһĻڵ
ٟRһüǿң
ϣһҾԵµ֮óϷ
ֻóϷ¶ؽôӦиΰǵ۹⡣


281 ֮



ĵڶһ 
оŹС,ȴлŮɣŸɷǷܱĹΣиеҡ
лһ,ҵοС
лѧݳѡ,ٟRЩ˾⣬,´£ƷƷ,´Ҳǰ׹ݳƾȡ˵ĹԱ,ƸһȽ,ֱεƷ
,δű
ʷҡͷʱڲųвѧ֮ʿԼڹ,ܵʶƽơûеġ
͢ǨԽϡ¡ο´¸մӰƷ˾⵽Ʒ,ƸǨٴԾ,Ҳͬ⣬οʷ̨ٹ١ûгɣڸֱӲ
пަ,תͷ棬,ŵ¼̫.ʵ,쳣,ΰٻʱɱǰƷ,̫.ʵƸ,Ӵƽ,ºպսд£
޼һңԸѫҵʷΪ˽⣬ףȷд¡̫.ʵۿϹ٣齨ӪʹϹ¼ϹսУӪ֣ͳ죬ڵɱ߾
˵峤˵hҪ峤ˡ
չһæʣ۫Ĺô
ţ˵۫ӼҵŮ佫壬࣬ǸϢͨŵġ
Ҷáĸң۫Щ
λٟRǵǰʱ۫λ
Ѿ۫ӴŮ﹫£峤¾ʽ
˵¼ڲͬˣҪ˳ų峤ûһ졣
ٟR˳˾˵裬Ҽţ׵ʱ򣬰ұݺ񡣡
˾Ӧ£ʣ۫ӴŮ﹫ףҪҪҲ¼񣿡
áٟR˵
Цͬҽãֶ۫ŮǺ˱ˣ
Ҳϲ﹫Ҳϲ۫ӵĲҡٟR󷽷˵аhã˵ǽӵģһʵϲ
۫ӴŮҲ죬ȻٟRϲ㶼δԡ
չ΢üͷһɣ¿ӵиķӣ֪ɲɣ
ٟRæ˼԰תʣʲôӣ
չ￴ңҼǵãǰڳиˣҲˣ¾λδʹ
һᣬ˵ó峤Ϯ
˫һϣ⵹ǿԡѫӵְߵͿռܴоѫ󣬸ҪЩĲʹҲûʲôǲ֪ĹǲҲһ˵ſʷˡ
ʷ˵ĹߵĶֻڽӼһ;ֱιٵġĹٽԿƾ볯ȻԺӵ̫ˡ
չףӦġȻȽܶΪ٣¿ƾٷϳۣΰܻ
ѧƫֹ麲ԺϽչ
ٟR⣬أӼϽ£ʦҲûܹӼƵְѡ
ְѡʷ֪ĹٽٟͬRͣ£ѧ̿ζǺֹԱѫзҰѫԹѫΪԿƾΪ峤ְϮѫѫȥϹ٣»Όġ
չ˵ѧݳӼƣ׹ݳ׳ӺԺȥġڵĹӼƣҲںְ
ٟR˵⽲治١
չٳˡ
ٟR⣬ڹѧһѫӵܰ
ֿɽѫӵܣȴΪѫơչĽ
ٟRⲻ׳ˡ
չЦ޾֮·ƾƶǧѣԺһϵӲɳ峤۫¾Ͳһˣ۫ϵǳá
ʷͷ
ٟRɰգ֮ǰ˵۫ǻڳϻô
չЦҸ׵ȷ۫ѰҼҲӲ۫۫﹫ΪܣҿййŷΪӵļ塣Ե»ʺҴ֮ҾλϮ
Щ꣬СҴĶ֮ͷҲвٲߡҲһֱԹŷ̵Ůǲ֪ŮһЩ̰Уһһĺù㡣
չЦνҲҪѳ¼Ҿλȷó峤ϮȻ󽫰hٽðhѵ峤ƹѧȴ񷨲ݵϢ۫۫ƶ£ܳɡ
ʵҶûգٟRоϣİ壬Ǿ;£峤Ϊˣһλǵõġ
ó峤Ϯ


282 ֮



ĵڶ˶ 
ٟRŸСƲĸ,ڰβ͵ͣʹҡڵĸĸ˵ˡ
֣̫ڻµ裬ٟRɪ˵,׷,ĸ㿴ҼƻΣ
ϲİյ,֣̫ʣΪηǳ峤أд󳼺ܶడ,۶,ε,ڹλΪϱȳ峤ʵĴڡο,ûѡ㣬ʲôأ
ٟR˵,峤ֱϾʵģһ˵峤Ҳʷǳ
֣̫,ȿڲ,ڳ͢ѡٶֱˣ
ǡʱָоͻȻͻţ˺ʺλӡٟR˵,ų͢ѡƶȣҲֱ
ٟRŵ,ʲô¶ܴ󷽷˵,ѡôһʵˡ,ǶԳ͢ѡƶȶ,ǶٟR˶ԡ
ٟRֱΪ峤,δ˼Ϊλֱ,ֱ֣̫֡
֣̫һҸ棬Ƴ峤ѡǰһ顣
ٟR˵ĸѡĲô
˵ΥԭĻأ
ٟRһӡ
οƶ¼ҲҪٟRʦȲ裬չＸҲڡչ˱˼ʦԵĵġ
鵹ҲԸɰŮ죬ֻǳϲ㣬пһ޹»費׳ԡ
׳׳ԡٟRЦŷʱĸ㣬ʦ㲻ѩôõģȺġԸʦһ顣
ʦЩڵģչѲʦʦڲ裬ֱʣʲô£
ٟRͽ׹ݳǨ࣬ѧݳҪ˵¸ʦٟRҲûԼг峤£ֱӷ񶨣ܡ³峤ϮҲܽƹѧݳ֮λ
չ۫ƼҲô
飬ⲻ˭ټ¡̫յʷ̨Ҳͬ⡣Ϊϵ͢ѡƶȡ
˽ͣǨд󹦣ƸΡ峤ڹλкΪûУƾʲôƷƷֱЦ޹ǨڹλϾҵҵĹԱ룿
ɫҪ֪ЩһӹҲƷõ۾ƽƣЩʵʵΪٵĹԱ룿
֪͢ΪϸѡƶôԷЮŪȨ֮£˵ɨչЩ԰׵ݣ˵һ۫ƶҲɥȫޡ
չĴӺһ亹
ʷﶼһμ˵
ٟRګɣ򽻵ƤҲ˵򲻶ЩŸʦ̵ġȻУǾˡǵöлʦָǣֳǻˡ˵ÿ黨ǵʦߣԵģ𡣡
ٟRһۣӹǣǶġ
ˡҪʦָ㣬һûôࡣʶĹԱ٣ֺѧѡʵļιݳ峤λЩѡٿܲʣҿ׼ԺٟRڲʾˡʵǺ⣬ǻһô
һҲȡˡοʶĹԱǲ࣬ð׹ݳ֮ǰѵʶ׹ݳѵã
ٟRİ£ҲŶ
ɫϱʧʵȫǷͰѧ˽ƣɵѧѾǹʺһ磬Ѱȹţٻѧȣص˼ȷġ˽ϲƫãһ˽Ľ֣֮顣£˲ܾ࣬˱ǿ̰塣ǣø̵ȥ˽ƶȵļֵУҪܽĿʶ˽ϣ¹Աǵ³ӡعܿ󽭴ӡ
ڽٟR˵ĬĬһҾ

ٟRµĴ̣ҡͷһͿԭһС£ҪһʲôĹѧߡҲźѡһλأ
ٟRԼĿվ̫ߵˣԵײȱ˽⡣ǿ˾£ר˾ѧ²ѧи˽⣬ʡ
鲻ȥУ֣ȴȻǷȱΪ֮ûӦеݡ鲿ϟR˼·ָټ飬̹ϵ̸ͬһ̸ÿһλдԱԵͽһһġ£Ҫһ顣
ٟRЩ˼ҲġһҵȻҲûһ¡
Цָر
˶ɡٟRǿǿദһºˡ
ͷۣһһĹͷǸƫƫŵĴ֣߻һȺġ
ٟR˵ʦ峤ҲǵŶ
üܹѧˣô
ٟRͷ¼ڳ͢йοԭǹǰ峤ҲδΪĵزЩͬļ壬бпȡ֮Ӧ顣
ףСóпգȰˡ


283 ֮



ĵڶ 
ٟRŵ,ȴҲ˵
ԣƽ
ֱˣƽʱͦ,һ־ȫܿǰׯ,ֱǽײ
ٟRһŵ𣬻˵ʶԼ޴,ǲҪǮʦƨʦӢ,ֱǵָ·ư
ʦԳԲ,ٟRԼͻԼŲ̄,Ҫ˵δ,Ҳˡ
ʷﶼƤչԳڳصĴ,ǳ佫ˬ죬ǡʦмʶԺֻʦ,˵ļס֪Ķ,ԺͲٷˡ
ʷ˷æʦ
ʦ룬Ҳ޿ɾҩ
ʦԹ,ǡչ˵ʦ
ʦ治,ҲþܾŮӡ
ĳů,չɫѾת,Ů׺,չ,ûôࡣ
洫Լôʦ,ⲻûô࣬Ӳá
ǰսԨ
߿Լˡ޷չһµµ֪޴
չĬĬʦķ̣˵Ҫʲô볰ҵģһ˵
̡
Ҫ˵̵ĻһĲչ̡
ĲδͣչһֱࡣڸԻ֮ˣͻŪȨǵġΪĻᡣҪףҪǹĸҪףŪȨȨ¡
ĸһԱݵϢƶ¡Ľؼҵȼˡ
Ҷסˡչƽٴѩ׵¶˿вƽ
һʾչﲻͣԼȥ
չųصĲӻ滨ԺʱٟRڸʿûɵģҲʦ˵ʦһֱԲ䡣ⲻЩֻ˵úúáϺǺһǧôһǵһ̫棬ǰʦţ˵ɵģ
ٟR׽ʦЦ֮࣬ȫϡ˵ԼҲܿģȫûӡʱԱЩ΢ͻá
չٟRչ֣ϡ
չǿЦЦԵٟR䣬ٟRϴٟR˵˭ܲһӣûɶ˵¶ûɣǸˣԭƻҲ۫ͷ
չӲرԼʧ۫ڳ꣬Գľ϶Ƿḻ۫ףǲϹġ
Ҳ޷˵ˣ޷ǾǸ˽½ЦһЦҲŲ±Ц峤ȷǸ˲ţ˴ηǲѧιݳܳͷٟRġ
ٟRԼʧҲΪԼжȫǴģԼļ֡ɢչеǸΣչ˵ԺҪΪص½ɡ
ٟRסչ֣һ˵ٟR˵Ҳȿг峤Žʾ֭ġΪҵԸ
ⲻɵԸİ취³󡣵øӽȫСչ£飬ܲ˸ǽѡƶȣ
Ҳ¡ٟR˵ֻѡƶȣʷ̨Ҫ죬ѧһѧôءÿ·Щٺ»ҼҵǮöòŲ׻ӡ
չ̿ͷԡþҪá
ʦȰѵ⣩£ٟR߻;ټ顣
ƽĽ٣⼸ڸǳƺϰ˹µżټ
٣ֻ
귽Ѯ޷ᣬòʵԵĸһЩ󣬹ϲ裬ٟRҲûϻѣ鲻죬ûɶúѵġٟR˵ѧ׹ݳҪξ֮£֪ô
̫ѾԸ׹ݳվ͵˹ƣˡѧݳδѡãʶѧʹδжΣ˾˵ˣιѧݳˣӡ
ǰټУ˵˵ѧݳѡѧн첻ףңԺԵĵطͬҪһλֲнԭļιԱæһѹء
˵Ϊˣԭûð
ԺЩٟR֣иԭ˾Ա֮£һЩѧ˽еġᣬϳͰѡһѧݳŲʹԸæ
ٟR¾ͽˡ
鱣֤زС
ڽټУٟRδ齲ѡƶȵ£ҵʷ̨ʷ뷽ʷһʷ̨˰ٹٵƶȡ
ʷʹæ뵽¶ٹӰ죬ΪµȷбҪ˽һʷ̨ƶȣ֣


284 ֮



ĵڶ 
ʷһ򷴶ԻŮ볯,ʶ̨ԺԹ곤ϱϣܻغ󹬾סʷδ
ǴٟRȺ׼ķʷ,ٟR߱һ
ٟRǲɵ,ôҪٟRǿĹƳʶǹ,ֻǲģҪ۹,Ҫиε˽⡣
벻Ϲָ㡣
,ʷ㱸׼
һҪùʷ̨˽,Ҫʷ̨ϱ;Ͼһˡ
Ʒ,ʷ̸ۡ
ӳŰһɫżʷа㽫ǶԶ,ʷ̨Ҳ˵飬Ͼʷ̨и鲻µġ
ڶգʷԼʱ׼ʱٹ,̫,͵滨Ժ½Ρ
ʷʹ¹ѧʲô̶ȣٟR˵͢Աö˽ʷ̨,پʷҶʷ,иʷݶʷ,и,Ѳʷְ񡣡
ʷͷ,֪ġҲֻ˽⡣ֻ⽲ԱĹλְ,,ʵûġΪһԱôޣֻеԱλ˴Эʱܲ޴Ŵڵԭ򡣡
ٟR˵Ǿ뷽ʷҽһʷ̨á
ʷ̰ûнʷ̨ķչʷʷ̨̨ԺԺԺְ̨𣬽ְ̨ķҰأе۶ʷ̨ط̨͸˾ãԼʷ֮Ļƶȡ
һֱ糿硣ٟRʷ滨Ժţʷ̨Ӧ˽⣬ֻһֱû˶ȫ
ʷʵѧ֮ˣǵʷָ̨ƣԳ͢Ҳ˽⡣佲ǳ˾׼ٟRпҿ̲
ʷ΢΢һӣ⻰Գ˵ɲ佱
ٟRҲЩԴ˵ʷ̨ư֮£̷о̲֮ϡ
ʷȻü¶һĨƣغԽ͢ƶҪʷ룬̲ⶨ̲Ϊ֮ˡ񣬱ȫķҲʷ̨̲̲Ƶģ̷ˡ
Ӵʷ̨˲𡣡ٟRò˵
ʷףǵʷ̨ˡԹ񣬳ʷ飬̫ƽʢ޲ʷ̨а
ٟR˵ǰҿʷ̨ǳ͢ҽ죬ٹٷЧ
⻰зʷģʷʲãʷְ̨ڡ
ٟR˵ˣǵϱ֮£ûвأ
ʷĬƬ̷ڣ⻰Ʊ磬Ҳʵ顣ʣֱˡ
ʷٟR˵££ʷ̨Ļʷפ룬ר˾ʷǵְܲߣΪ˱Ǩӳ֮õġԽʷ̨ǲǴʷġ
ǻҵרӣֱɱƹܡʷ˾ٹپ죬ǣƶȣڲԼСʷ̨̲۶ܲ֡ʷ̨ǳסΪӼȥҲֻύɽԼáʷ̾ҲȷʵǳʧӦȫİ취
Ծأ
һ϶ǱĻܣ׸⣬ǱּŲ๡
ٟR棬Լôܵģ
ʷڲ죬²ʷ̨𡣡
ڲ˰
ʷ˵ʬλز͡
ٟRûסЦ˳㻹š
ʷȻ
ˣҷְʳٟRԵĸҲ룬һѡҵķʳҲһٟR׼ʳȫ׺װ嵭Ͳʲôȡ
ʷķʳȻҲ׼зϷ˰Ե
ٟRǰҲһƴӵĽ
ٟRȿʣΪʲô٣С־ôѧˣ
ʷСʱסԺȣ޳ܡЩȨ󣬵ȨƵȴ衣ӣǷգԴ߱ƴǽ˼ӡʷѲӵժɴҲܵΣ͢˸˰ҲŵԴϢ
ʱҾ־ҪʷҪЩյĹٶץݺݳΣʷ˵ĺʵʵҵܵҲʷұһʷ̨͢лرƶȣֻΪˡ
ٟRʷʷʱ־ʵô
ʷҡͷһаδһղ˵ʵ־򡣡
ٟR뷽ʷҲɰ֮
ʷٶȺܿ죬ùţԹ裬ʷʣҪϢô
ٟR˵ûʢģҲۡ
ǾͽŽɡճ½Щѧʶ
ٟR⻰˵ģҺǷȱѧʶһ
ʷͬ⣬Ƿȱҳʲô
ٟRԾǰƨӣʱҲ̲סʷԶ΢ίЩġ
ʷʷί񣬳͢Σˡοֱ£ǵµݡ
ٟRԼҪʷͷҭˡ
ʷ򿪽̰ٟRΡ
ֱ£ٟRҲֱˣʷֻڲ죬᲻и֮·
ȻҲ١
ûбķأ
ʷûƶȡʷ̨һŲͬ£ʷ̨Ҷʷƽ𣿡
֪ʷǷʷҪܵ۶ʷ̨Ҷʷ󲿷ʱѲӾҲƹܵطļ죬ΪġٟR˵Щѧ
˵ǣûĸλٵġʷΪҲʷ̨ƶϵһǣơƩ糼Ҷʷʱ޿̶ȡҲѹꡣ
ٟRЦ÷ʷ˷֮ˣһΪġ
ٟRЦʷ̨㣬ϲˡ
ʷɫ£ô˵Ļ
ٟRŷʷЦҲû
ʷ룬ּٹ˽ĻǾ˵ڵġʷΪٶ꣬ҲȫֱҲѣεּҲ˴ڡ
ٟRһɫʷٟRпҽ飬µϲʵķºͷ硣
ٟR˵Ƿʷֲºͷ硣
ʷǹô˵ʷ̨°ɣ
ٟRȤСģʷȻºͷ磿J
չＸ¶Ц⡣չЦе˵ԭʷԼоôᰡ
ʷ
ٟRһƣ߷ʷ࣬ʷźһ顣ȻܷʷǺηӦСۣ֪Ҷʷǲůһ
Ϊůݣ鲻ϵİɣ
ʷˣǳûԡ׼̰ޣѹ¡
𵽵Ƿá
ͬãȫͬ
ʷԼЩʧߡ
ٟRСǵЦУʷγ̽
ʷ뿪󣬻ڴٟR²϶ҶʷҪسˣҿʷĲᡣհҼţһҶʷسϢ͸ңҪټһ÷ʷԱķӡ
££ʷûԶģС˵зʷ
ţС
ʷŲôƽȵĲӣֻһ뷨ͯҲ


285 ֮˰



ĵڶ 
峿,齫ѧ¹ݳݽٟR
ٟRѸٿԱ伮һǳݣƽ֪,Ŀǡ,־
ٟRҼǵƽս¡λ֪壡SG
ǡ˹ܿ˺,λ֪䣬ս½϶ĵطΪ,ǿ˾ְ,һ
ٟRͷ,,ѧĿҲԣȷҪһЩ,֪֮ǰһ֮£᲻Źѧ̫ˡ
û뵽ٟR»·,ѧһСһЩ,ˣܳһӢţ֮,꣬ʤһ
֪ġ
ٟR˵ڶѡԱ,ܱټ,ӦⲻҶһˮƾٳ
ٟRݾټ,˵˾鿴ˮ׼Ļ,ҽⵥӽĸ͸,һд
,ӵ¶ᡣ֪ѧݳһ±ٟR˵㣬ֱ̬ҲοȻֱӸָһȥ̫󡢱¹ͨŲˡԼˣҸ׼Ŷհͳɡ
ٟR˵һ䣬ˡ
̱̬˽Գ֮𡣡
Ȳ衣ٟRװģȿڲ裬˵ҶʷҪسˡ
鵱һڲҭӾһ˲ŤٟR飬²裬沿Ȼָµ˼ǡ
ǲٟRѧĸƽȵϲõĿ˵
ͷûĵϲˣҶʷѲӵطسʱҲ̫ƽʱпҵҪæӦǴˡ
ҶʷǸʲôˣٟRʡ
뵽иյİżŻĺëҶʷ˽˽ۡ
ǿ˰ٹٵ飬Ա˰ɡ
ƽпҵҶʷһλܳ
˵˵
ǼԪԪĶʿԶʮԺȴδѧϰֱȥʷ̨ԴƷʷһ·ǨҶʷÿÿΪϣǹϵܳ
ǶܳУӦúнǡ
ŵ˫ֱҡ£ֻͬΪĽ顣
һ˵ôʲô飬˳٣һƷҶʷ󶼷ʷҲƽ۽
ǷҲܲп˵ֱûһġһȶǸˡ
ٟRЦʦѵǻˣ
ҲˣͬΪ٣Ϊ˳öС
ٟR飬ˡ
Ŀɿڴ
ٟRѧضӣƽʱ˵ڶ˿ɷġڶð̶رɰ
һαɰޱƵĿ飬û˵̶ɰģѧǷȱö顣
ѽˡ
ٟRЦеĺ⣬ҲøСƽϣٟR±ˡ
ٟRϵѡĸ˱Ƚ֪֣̫ȻҲ֪֪ˣˡ
ٟRʷ̫Ͽζ˿κ£¿ξߣһæӡٟRԭʷʦƶȵ£ҲʷʦӺˡ
ٟRʣڹæô
ʷ̫Ǹʵˣֱ˵Ҫسˡ˵Ļ̡̻
ٟRֱ˵Ҷʷô
˭ʷ̫һƽյģɹ˶࣬ץ©һðܹ⡣
۶ʷ̨û©ػľץ
ʷ̫ͷۣϽΧ֮󣬸Ǳȫҵڵ۶Ϊ٣Գ֮ģ۶ĲʹҲֻίѲӲ鿴ġ
Ҳõģʷ̨ԼҲѱ©˵ʷƾ¡д©ǻ¡
벻ͨ˴ֻǳҶ棬û£Ҳ˵ʲôһ£ûͶԾʷ̫ŭһλӲѧʷ̨꣬Ŀޣ˵ˡ˵ǣĥѧ£˸ǳʷ̨
ٟRĵѧ̫Ӳġ
ʷ̫ٟR˵˰복Ҷʷ£ܽһ䣬֪˾ˡǹõͷߣһ⼸ʮ꣬ǵһμĪͶ̥
ȻæٟRҲͲŸѧˡûʦһˬ켫ˣǰҶҪˡǶյİϾʾ
ٟRĲˣʲôаϾʾ
İɫżò˵Ҷһ缴ǷȱҪ˵ӦͺɫżǣɫѪɫ
ô£
ǳҶϰߡǶǼԪԪĽʿʷ̨͸ÿ˼һⰵżʲôûдҲ²ʲô˼ڵ۶ͬƣμϼҵľ͸ߴʮˡҵͬ̽ݸ﹦ֱԾˡ
Ƿʲô£
ŪŮӣʹŮͶԾ
ٟRգ۾ǱӦҶǸˡ
Ҳϴص۶˿ĹЦ绨³һޱȵૣҪ鷳ҾֱӰĹˣ


286 ֮ʮ



ĵڶ 
չ˻ؼҲйҶʷķ䴫˵,չҵҵֻ˵һ,˳Ҷ,϶á
ʷ游ÿæҹ
,ҰҶʷҪسһ˵游ҵܺ,ƽʱСЩ
,Ҽ佫,Ĺٴ򽻵ࡣҵ˵Ҫ,ư죬Ҹ˹ܺˡ
֮ҶʷֱٟRСǵĸ߸ߵĺлص۶,ȻλҲҪͷҶʷص۶ĵһ±ǲ֮£
,Ҷʷõĵػȷ֤ݡ
ԼôƬ,Բݵۣ׬ȡǮ¶׮׮֤ȷ䡣
ͬҶʷ֤ݵĻһ,볯̲͢ʷ̨ͬ˰
ݴ鵱ͻؼʡ׼Աȥˡ
Ȼ̲¡ʷ̨ùٲϽٹ,౻ȥһѧϰ,Ȼ,ûͰɫס
û˵ɶ,ӱ˵,鱻ʷ̨,˵²ʵ֤СοԱڸ󸨳ƾݱ
ǺһʡɾͳɣɾˡǶ²Ҷʷ˵ʲô
˵ʲôٟRǲǽлˣֱ˵С
ҪҲ˵󳼡ӱر̵Ŀ˵ɲôԼʮǰҪ˷ԴΪ٣ҵˡĶˡ⵱Ȼ޹أڵ۶٣ֲܻôܸйأԼȫôλƣκģɶû飬ڸ󸨳ȻһӾ˰Ķ˵治֣
Ҫ˵Լ֣ٟRЦ
Ŀʣô˵ˣ
û˵ģӱһֱ߷ߵ˵¸˭ѧһ棿
ӱİŷʷ顢Ķ飿
ٟRһӣʱ͸ǲǳԵĴ࣬лú˵ôҪʲôøѧô˵ĺʷɶƵģô㵹Ǹҽһŵô
ӱ
ӱ𾪵һ仰˵
˾Ƕɵˣŵ˵£⻰еš
˵Ųţʱ͵ðһٟRĲᡣҲ飬Ͳ鵹ҶȥֱٟR֮⡣ǣֲɣ
ٟRһߣӣĸ˵ĸҲҪȥҪճ̵ĸ۸֣ҷǽ֪ɣ
֣̫һٟRսӦ´£˵ǰͷܲп࣬Ǿʤڸ£͢͵ˡ
ŰɣҷǸų죡ٟRһҪֳѪģ
һȥ⵽Ҷ
Ǿֱӽ̫ظһ飬ŹԼＰذ˵ǹǰҲǹŮ⣬ĸ̵ˡָſһ˺ͷҪҡ
ٟRû˵ʲôֱ˾ǴͷȣչＸ롣
ˣʼ䡣
ٟRϵã˰Σںò㣬Ϣʵڼªίˡʲô£ֻܷԸȡ
ȥæܺáþĿ¼ٸĹСﰸľڡٟR˵
ٟRǱŸֱģ᲻֮ˡڻͦʱ֮£һЩİսڴ¡ǿ˰ģƩһĶ˰Ǯ͸󻧣ȻǩһԵЭ飬ÿĶظĶǮٽǮ˰󻧰׬Ǯ͢ԶʧǮ˰
Ǹ¡
Σȴ
ʵ²ò顣
ΪͶİĴ󻧸Ȼھһ¡
ʷôŪЩ֤ݵأ
ٟRֱҪŲʳʷ
ţҲʣ
ڻҪæͼʷ̨һλʷӵݸʷˣڸģ⸮࣬ʷ̨濪⸮ĴŵӣǱ߶ķз˵Ҫռҳɷ磬ѲȥǱҲŶӶӣҷֱ̫ࡣѲ¼䣬˿࣡
ʷǾǾһߣⶼû취Ѳǰ׳ô
̲һ̿ģٵͣҶԣǾκۡ
Ǿת࣬кθ߼
˹ȥ
Ǿʣʲô˹ȥ
ĵӣųǾҲĲŵˣ̧ȥһӣҲɢˡ
ǾתٟR¿и߼
ٟR⣬˵ʷĸ߼
Ǿ°Ͷʷһ̧ѩ׾һĵѪɼ߰·ңԶѩԭҷɱѵ۶ĴŵĵǣҲʲô취ǰѺϵŰסҲԼҵӣҪں䣬ҾǵʷǵƤ
ʷȥǰػĴŵĵԸϽ¡
ٟRѲˣ˼Ҳ뵽һ¶ˡ


287 ֮



ĵڶ 
ٟRʷ̨ѧʶ,ʶ˻ʷ̨š
һһ
⵹ϡ棬Ҳְߵͣ޷ǾǶٸ˵¡ٟR,˶,ʷȽĲһʳζ,㹻Ա˷ѡ
ǡ
ԷٶҲ̫˰ɡ
ٟRһû꣬ͼǾһ,,λʳ,,ȥæˡ
Ȼϰˣ,̴ֻȥæ
ٟRɴ۾һǾѳԵ߰˰ˣ˻Ǹ,΢һǷ,תҪȥˡ
ٟR˵Ҳ̫ˡ
治Ǿƾ˵һ,ͷһʷţҲԾС
ʷ䡢÷ٶҲ,Այ趼ȾҪæȥˡ
ŶڹҪ,˵,,ԡȥơ
ٟR׳Է,ڹｲʳͷԷ,Ҳû˸ҴѽҶٶȣͷһ⣬ٟRųһ룬˾߹ˡ
Ҳá
ٟRпǳԵҲ߯ˣ
չＸҲһһڹϡչ˵æʱ޲õ鰸á£ǲЩСɽһߣҪѧϰδ󰸶ϰ˾ְϸǸ𣬵°մɡ
ɿҸոλһţЩ
ʷ˵ϡ
ﵹŻãȿҿǳʷϣǰʷҲһţҲûʲôʷڣͲһˡ
ҲǰڿΣǴӡ
ͷҲ
ٟR£Ǻ°Ҫʱ˹ɽߵİ飬ʲôʱȥ
ٟRԳǾĶеȥһЩᣬµȷ档
ٟRùţԹ裬ҪʱʷԼڵ۶Ĳҵӳϡʷϳ࣬Ŀ
˵ǵӣһ顣
಻һһĿʷʣ£ΪʧҪȲԼڵ۶ҵ
Ȳɡ
˾ٰ참ḻȻҪδáʷ֮ʾ࣬ľ˼·
ٟRһ䣬ΪʲôڲŲ⣬Ҫ⣬ӦʱһģݾߣһԼһ²Ǯô죿
ףҲе˵ſ򷽳̶ˡȻǵʷ̨͡
⻰ʷһӣδ
Ǿһص۶ʷԼҡ֮飬ٲ⣬ǸԼܵĻᡣʱ򶯵ģǻ۷Ƿİ׳աֲ֮˾ϤԼҲǸݳŲܵģԸĸЩһץѶͻƿڡ
伥ڽĿɨ飬ٲԭ̲Ҳ֪鲻лѧ೤ٲÑ
ܴ䣬ʱŭҲһʣʷ
ǾһЦֱٟRҪһô
ٟRɵҪʣҲʵ߼ģɶɶԺﴫĹô
ܸǾԸٟRҲ˵ķǵĻٟRָ飬˾ͬв£Ȼ˾̲飬֪ͽ͸㲻֪Ϳվñ˵
ýô
ĿĴѵûһƫܣ
ƫܵĽô
˵óǾѿ
ٟR΢΢УǾҿ£
ٟRĴޱȵƿߡ
һΣΪԲƫǾʱʷԼĲЩѣׯԺһɲ⡣
ʷյָʾ첽뿪
ҼͶ밸֮У˻ס
ǵһ졣
Լﰸһ׮󰸣ʵȴСɡЩﻧ;һСĿԼ̡Źᣬٿ۵İӡ򣬻ԼϼҺϺ绽꣬ȻγɵĹУжټ⵽ѹ衢ƲӶԼӲƸ
ӹҹĻ٣ٟRùŲֳһعġ
ʷ˽ſڣٟRʷ̨ʣҲϢô
ʷдʱǣ̫һ永İաҾһջص
ҲҪ̫ۡ巽Ϊ͢Ч
ķŲ֪δĻ㡣ٟR˵ⰸǸѡزɼ沢ߣ߹һ飬־ȤΪضǮ̫ˡ
·һΨ֪ΪԼ﷽ϲٟRվʷ̨ǰϼϼ⣬ٟRǹ˹λٹ
һٟRȰϳԼϳ
úƵȥʷ˷תػҪҼæӡ


288 ֮һ



ĵڶ˰ 
ٟRԳǾûʲôĹ,Ҳϴһλܳеܳ
ٟRعĸ˵ġ
֣̫һ֣ûɡ
費ٟRһڣʷһ˼ڲ鰸ϡֲ᲻ȥܡ,ǲáʷǶۻ,ҿһ۾Ͱ鿴ˡŪ²̨̲أ涪ˣ
ʷ̨ǻʵ۵Ĵ,ȻǿЩ
ٟRһ˵ǳ,ѵŵĹԱǸʵĴ󳼡
˼˹,Ʈɢ֣̫,ʷ̨ٹ,ֱʵ۵ġƩƷ¹ԱΣѡͿɾʷ̨Ŀѡǲ,ʷ̨ԼѡȻɻʵԿ죬֮ٵʷ̨ι١ʷ̨а굽һ벻ȵĿ,ϸְʷ̨
,Ψʷ̨ǲڸֱʵǰġ֣̫ԣʷҲΪĳӡ
ٟR뵽ǰ,ô˵ϻʷϱҰ󹬵¶,ǱǨˡ
Ҳ㡣ʷ̨ϵ,ϱ,ˡ֣̫,Щɢˡ
ÿæʲôѲйԼҰ,ֱӽƽʷ̨,ʷ̨⡣ٟRӡֲӡǸº͵Ĵ󳼡
֣̫󲢲£Ȼʷ̨Ĺ˾ºϹţȻҪʷ̨³̡ڸóȻ֣ܻӰʷ̨ںϵĲá
ٟRڽ꣬Сһţ˾ǰ׼ԡ׼ŵĶԼЩģʷ̨ĵ̫ˡ
֣̫ЦʣҪȥ
ȻˡٟRĸߣҵðⰸӸꡣͷβĸ̵ҪͷβôJ
֣̫Ц˵ôٟRɵûͷûβ¶ˡ޷ǾͷϣҪ࿴
ٟRԡ͸ĸ˯ģûԼԺڶҲٱȥʷ̨һյʷ̨ɸɾʮ㣬ֻڸ˸ӹȥ
Ϊʷ̨Լ˽ڣҪ֪黹ûǰǵ۶һһĸ߹٣ԼҵʾɣԺ˼ҡ
ԼҪز˸ׯӲģѼˡ
Լҵѣǹٻ˼ҡ
ʷ̨һ⣬糯йԱʷ̨ԼҴţϳʷ̨ʷѼȫֱд
漰ĻֻԱס
۫ϱ׼ҲԵ޹ʵıʷ̨˴ţ˶ãʮֲ㡣
ԸЭʷ̨참ʷ̨Եʮ۸ˡ
ؼϳ״󳼣вϳɮ¼˾¼˾飬˵ʷ̨ŹŸˡ
е۶飬ʷ̨Χ̣зַ̼ǳģֵ̼۶ԸЭ飬翪̣ʹʧ
Щ鶼ڸڸʷ̨𸴡
Ӿ߸ߣһʱЩż
һվɰϷģο࣬·ģʷ̨жԲߡ
ʷ侲ˣ˵ҪЭʷ̨ó촽һ˵Эʷ̨ʵϣʵʱ־ͷŰɡ
ǾҲȫû˼һ¾̯˵λҪǲæЩӴˣҲܰЩæȸǿ
ʷ˵Щλѧϰģʲôи
ǾѧһλԸϰһ´ʵġ
ǾڵٟͫRɫǵҪɴľǵĺֱӻظհԸһô
ٟRʱӦǿԼֳԸæֻڻֻѧϰⲻҪô
ٟRȰֳ֣ûϵһֵıȻǷǳҪ񣬶ӣ©Ҳвȴʩ
Ǿһ̧°ͣ¸λ±ȥ
ѧϰмʱ䣬С֮ǰδѧ»ǲ͹·ˡ
ٟRƽЩĻԭͦ˵˲ʱ΢΢̧°ͣõĿ顣ǾԷҪѧôȻԡ·ҪѧôˤȻߡдѧô֮ȻġҪѧôȻҵһټͬùһֽȥһһô
޶ۡǾһۺٟRΪأ
ٟRһ̵ĸܣǱȳ˲ιҪ泩ȴľԹƳ޶۲һۣҿʷĻ
ǿӲվҷԣ̲ݣԴ£ʷҪ֪̬ȡҪ֪ҶʷǴ̬𣿡
δϵңʱһΪѡ
һֱͷڵ̷±ʣ̬Ϊ䣬λλˣΪ˾֮һȱ̬̫ＴŹѧϰιµ޳ɳʷ顣
ɫѿı̬õʷһƱҲֻƴȶ
ʷķδÿɷתʣλµ˼أ
յõĿ⣬ҲԽԼͬãలĿһۣʱĸ£ҿϣвĵطҿԽ̸ҲΪ빫󡣡
ʱȵס
ҲԼɼ֣ҷԹСϷ°ӷæûʱָ㹫ѧϰЩ½վҪĺãԱѧϰ²У
ʷ˵Ҫ͸
Ǿʴһģŵһī鷳ĵҲΪŮҲΪϵյ档԰ɡ
ǾȻĿڣ˽ԾǾĿ⣬˵ЩӽҪĺãԱǰɣ
䣬ǡ
Щ೤ʱã
ܵһʱ
أ
࣬Щ򵥣òһʱɡ
أ
һ˽ģµǾ⣬˵Щȡʱ䡣Ǿ絶ĿɨͷһɺϮѿڶһʱJ
ǱΪޡ½ЩáۼҪԣǾһֹ̧סˡǾٟR²԰æµȻҲܺģӴáǳ緹ʱʱ޸ģԺ°ЩСæ˭룡·¾˳Ҫңٵʷ̨
˻һ鶼û
Ǿ䵭޲ɫϲ·¹غĲǹǺѰˡ
ٟRδش̲ס顣ʷǽԵˣְ˾ţḻһʱЩû⡣δй飬ôùһҪ󣿡
ʷʷЩˡ
Ǿƽ˵Ұʱã⻹Ƕġ
ҪͬһۡǾɨʷ䣬󶨸ٟRĵһ޴ŮӣŮȻƣƩĴˣһŮͬסӵѼһµĻ
ǱŮӣҪ󡣵ոմ˵ˣʱ̫¡ҾȻλֻҪǱĿȾҲȳ˶öࡣֵõ̫׼˾Ҫԣһ
ǣֻѰܣ˳ӣ˻عϰ黭ԺڵԹ淢Ӧеá
ܴﵽҪ󣬾ЩɻĲŸӶϣǿ֮ġԸʷ̨ѧϰ˳ЩСæ
ϡͬͽܣͬͼƯ辰һŰɡ
ǾĿ⼸ĴٟR
ǳģůůڷ·ȻӰ뿪Ĵӿ˼Ҳֻʬһ㣬ȴٟRĻش
һǣʷɫѱ磬ֹS
ٟRɫѾųǾѪԽ侲鲻ѣҲܰʱá
ǾޱףǾͽԼʱ̣Ļ԰ʱΪޡ
䵱һ˵ҧͷģһĨ죬ճ̵ȫ˽Ⱑ
˵ʷõʱ仹ô
Ǿ֣ǳ빫ԼֻҪԾˣ޹ء
ⲻѶ𣿡
ǾԼ˵İʱس¡
໹Ҫ˵ٟRסֳַģаա
Ǿپʹ£Ըʷȡɳ©Źߣʱ䡣
ţ°ڵٟRǰҪٟRûٟRд㣬һңգҷࡣԱҵģ׵ģ̵ģԼ۵ġ
һӸ߹٣ʵʲ쿴ֻһ仰֪ٟRҶ·ӡ֪ʲô
ʷ̾һʵʴʵһٶ࣬һܻЩšʷʵҲͬ࣬òϣȷϼֲŸɡ
䳹ɿ°ڶ˼ɡ֪Я֮ʮԸ⹫µĲŻΪ֪
ǾװڣԴ˺⡣
ɵúþͼɣɲþֱӻعҡ


289 ֮Ŷ



ĵڶʮ 
ٟR¾İ,ⶫٹˮһȻСʱ򾭳ڴߵ̴ľ˯ĸһߴ¡ʱٟR֣Դͷ˯һ
,ٟRӲʥ
ⲻҪô
ʷṈ̀,ò˵൱ͬʷǾ仰Ҫѧô鷳½ͺˣ
չＸ˵Щ,ƽһνӴ¡ŵ£ʱ,˷ڽϣ
չ,ȱһԼСǰ,Ѹ,ٟRࡣ
ٟRԼһд㡣ʷ̨˵ԷΪɽЩڵ̶,ʱǲ׵ġֻҪЩһʵʵϣʷ̨ҲԸһ˵
ģѲʲ˽
Լн,˲
ô£
ٟRһ֪,ԭۻŴҵͷԼҵǮ
ٟRǸɴ,ׯˣ
ôS
ͷ֧°ٟͣRһɸǰ̵,йԼҵ˲,,͸ǽ⡣
Щӵ,ٟRʱ,Ա,ŵ˵ϵ顣̼޺գڲ
ʲôѵġ
Ӧˡ
ٟR壬д˻
չＸ˽۷ϣٟRѴĲԽ̸ǣǰŻһһէѼӣչＸҲҪ֣ʱˣ޹Ů¡
ٟRߵʷʲôõģʷҾͲˣܳĶҲҪԼô
飬Ҫ𣿡ٟR䶢飬ѹһͣૣ޹ְʷǳд£Ҫ¼ԸԵʷɡԸ⽫ʷʹá
ҲҪٟRҪס˵ʱ򣬶죬ҡΪǹǳӣû˼ҵλϣ
ٟR˫һɨչＸˣҵ˼⡣
չＸٲķԣֱд
ϳֳŭǡίֻ࣬һһէеãδ
ȻʱٟRۡ
Ǿ˿·δЩ֡
ٟRʱھͶˡһɳ©ԳǾ˵ʷѾˡ
Ǿȷʱŷʷ䣬ʱϸ񡣡
Ǿһ𿴿©
ʷ䶼ԣϾɹĵ£һ©ǵȥףΪͬ˵ġ
ǾֻǸȡһݿ˿ٟRĻǳдţѡ񡣵һｻղ֮ˣȷϺ⡣ڶϣ˾븮֤һ֤ȷ䣬һȡ
ȻϽʱ䡣S
˼
ǾŻϵĴӡRӡ
Яӡ׼ô
Ǿһ䣬δܷ⣬ôйӡ
ٟRΪҸΪΣĸʾʡĸ˾Ƶġ
ࣺġ
ǾüΪ
ʷһ»ŵ۶㵽㣬̩񰲡
ôܸԼӡأ
Ĳҵӡѵӡ
ǾƳ飬ǲɵ˾ӡ¾͵˾Լӡ¹Լ
ŭʳǾʷһٶð٣Ǻ⣿
Ǿ⣬ľ仰ðˡ
Ļ㣬㣬㡭ո˵ʲôţô˵ҲƷΪ࣬Ʒ㻹
Ǿɵɵλߵûֱӹϵ׸ô˵
龾ŷʷ㵽׹ܲܣ㵽׹ܲܣ
ʷ˵Ǿʷ˵Щ
Ǿ·ŻذϣͰķ
ʷҲſ˼Ϊû⡣ʷ飬ǸϽ°ɡ
鴭һѽǾʬϣ֣ǽЩٷ١
ǾѾԭλţΪû⣬ҲҪٿȴʣ㿴ȥԱ
ʷ䶼û鴵ëõ˼ﰸӻæαطǸϾֲĲá
Ǿαÿ鰸ϵǸˣȻҲͱˡʼգȶ̯¶ͶǹϽ˲ҲҪ¼ģ´ʷ°ˡԸʷʷ
鵹ûʲôֻܾôˣٟRЩССˬ
Ǿȿڲ裬еĹζҪ˽˾참ڻҪҴǼˣͷõĶˡЩС󣬻ʼǷȱǶԵײ˽⡣ʼƶˣԱǺϵˮ֣Ҵˮ°ա
ˮƽ˾ǺеıסӿǾͻܼѡӦȥ˽顣ԣŵµȥһ¾Ųףջ顣
ٟṞ⣬ҲáֻҪѵ˵ףǺܽġ
Ǿףʼɣǳ֮ҡ
ʷҴҸ
һλĹԱŶʮ·ǳۣһ˫ӵ۾ʻʷһء
ǾٟRܣʷ̨ſʷʷЩԼҲ˼һ֤ԼЩˡԼصĵ̻Ͻ˲㸺𡣡
ʷǡ
»Э㡣Ǿ
ʷһ˿ϲãǰٟR֣һ񣬡л
ٟRﲻ˵ʷض񡣡
ٟRǾһֱۣ±è塣³Ǿǲ²ġʣճ̵ֻֿ̱˵죬һ˵ʵ
ˣٟRٶ룬ʮָɴһʷ߰ɣҽһ°Ҫôǳʷһ۶Ļģ϶Ҫҵġ
ΪĵſҲǿԸǷ޴ģѵǸô
ٟRʷıã׷ΪԸΪ¶ܵá
ٟRеʱǾ³֣ɡ
ٟRһǾ²ۣ΢С빫Ҫ˵ҪΪһòãĻƤˡ
ٟRҧгݣ˫սСȭͷ۶ųǾ𣬡ʷܱĳ𣡡
СΪʷ̫£˰ٹ٣ң˳֡
ٟRɲĺӣȻ˸ڮķȣٟRŭڣһ죬Ҫöʮ״󵶰⽴
㡣Ǿȫνſһ°ͣʷŵء
ٟRһʷˡ
Ҫڣþš


290 ֮



ĵڶ 
˵,ѱŻġ
㿴ճ̵ǺµôٟR˹˺ˮ
Ǵ»عɵ۾˹Ůöʮ״󵶸Ҷʷв¡ٟRŭδ֪Ǹʷɶ,˵,˵ɡ¾һƵġ
ɵ۶Դӵ̬һ£ﲻ,׻˵˵㲻,̱,ⲻĲô
ҺҲ,ӦȲĻҵʱ̫,ֱˣҾû뵽£ٟRʵϵĸ¶
ɵ̿,޷ʷǳ컵
ҿΪʲôҶ˱ˡٟR뵽֡ꡱЦסĸ˵ģ,ŷʷ״,ʷܲʷܲĺз
ҶûסЦ,֣̫ҿҲǺ
ٟRʮź,ҪǸѳʷƿ,ľͺˡ
ٟRԸ,һ,ҶıʾǸ롣
ٟRССеһܴ˴,ϸĸһ˯
ɴ,ȴǽϣСѾһ²ǽϺѵĽС֣̫˵Ϩ˰
ٟRʣĸҺô
֣̫֪ʵǳǾ˵Ǿ仰֣̫ٟR㵱ʱΪʲôҪ˵ԸΪ±áĻ
ҵʱͿʷҪҵݴʲôĿġҲûʲôҲԸæɼȻǰæҾֵĴ˽Щ
⵹ǡСЩ
ٟRſĸߣĸҲ⻰ôҾ˵ͦõѽʱʷԳȾɫ
㿴ͬһ仰㣬Ц㡣֣̫㹢ڻΪ֪ʷǵ֮ƷѲʷЦȴƷҶʷ
԰ȻϣʵٟR˵ʲôЦģJ
RΪʲôǻʼأ֣̫ʡ
ٟR˵ʼҾǻʼҰǹĸ̫󣬸ǻʵۣǻӣĸǻʺǻʼҰ
֣̫ΪʲôԼ˵۱ݣ˳ҡʵۡʺ󡢰࣬㡣ݣҲӦǻʵۡҡʺ󡢰࣬㡣ȴԼ˵ȣ
ʲôϵٟRֻһ˵
֣̫Ŀӳ𣬡ʼҾԶԼλļ塣
ٟRĸ֣̫Ūɢĳо仰ϰգڵҡǵҪõģԣʿ䡢졢ĳѫ¡
áʹҲá
ɻʼһΪ²ġ
ʼ¹Ȩλ֣̫۾䣬ٟRȵۣҲЩ̫.ʵۡ
ҿɲϲ̫.ʵۣЩġ
ԡ˽ˣʲôĳŵԴƣʲô˵Ķ֮ŹΪĿģʲô¶ɵó¶עɪɪ֣̫ٟRô̫.ʵʲôˣ
ٟR˵ᣬƷҲá
ʱԻҡĳֵѣ˰Ԯһ֧ӲŰաɱֵܣﾡҲսǣҲ
Ǳɹ𣿡
ֻǳΪ˵
ʷҲʺľ
ʺ㸸ʺô
Ȼˡ
úÿǣͻΪʲôʷ˵ˡ
ʷѾ˳ĵزٟRǼÿȥʷ̨ʷԼҪȥæ
ͬڳʷĿ̱ʷԵÿɰˡ
°æսɲ˳ʷʵʵĸлٟR
ҲûʲôæٟRټٵǫѷţȻ֪Լá
ڳϣͰ˴æʷΪʷ̨ſٟR̷۶ĸ߹ٴǺܰģҪʹ콻ɲһ׵¡ƾһˣáеڣͲˡ
ʷ̹ȻʵĻٟRе⣬ʷҲ˵Ļ乫ºܴڼӣЩ˹˼ңٟR˾ǹȥ˵һ䣬ųСԵˣֻɸʹӹˣǲˡ
Ȼ󣬼;ͱŵƨĻȥˡ
ǵģҲ޷Ǿҷֱ漸䣬Ȼؼȥˡ
һв۶Թٻ˼һҶʮֺʹ
ٟRر죬ֻҪǱĹˣʵʵѲｻˡǺϻ⣬ٟR˵Ұѻ£һݣû˸ҶԼҵһݣҲˡ
Լͬݣǣϴô
˵Э참ղ˵ףͬıͬ
һ¡ۣҲЯ˲иĵԼҵķǮ̹ڵ˵
ɹȥ밲³ȥ˴˻ͦ졣
ٟRЦҿɳ˼ʶ徻֮ػŴӪ
ɫǷŴǵǮҲֻɡʩʵڼѣ¹۴Ӳ׷֡ǮҲǾڷ¡֮ϡ
Ϊʲôأǵ÷Ŵ
£޳гڳֱ𡣵ǣз֮˿ŷŴһ޳ǮֳȥЩˣǵƾȫˡ
뵽ˡԹҺܸˣɼз֮Уڷ⡣Щ˼ҡٟRʣ飬ǻбҵķô
һ·ɵĴ¿ʩǩԼԼ͸¶ǵ
ٟRͣģǳ֮˾̰ƻ֮ġֻһЩ׹زòˣգ»Ų鴦УǱ
ٟܽRڵ˿ɲࡣٟRδŭҲûôºȥٟR˲ͬʶҾ޷һˮƽҪǲġǵķ𷨵ܾͨҲҳڳ͢ҳ޵ĵһ£ϣǼסҲҲա
֤Ǿ̰֮ˡ
֤Ϊ֤ף¸ϵһЩʱ䣬ϵŹۿ˻Աز
·ɲĸϣԸͬá
ɱǵҲٟ֡R˵
˵ֱʤϾųɾŹԱ̱ʾǵ·ԸҶܵµ㻯ԸΪ֮
ٟRǵı̬Щ⣬ãȥɡ
ߺ󣬻ûҪٟRˡʷ׼ȷѸ٣õֵĲϣԹͬл
ٟR۷ŴĹģж󡣡
ʷûо֣Ҳò֡۶ѲʷóֵĳĴžǵҡ
ٟRἰҳŵ˻ԱǮ֮£ʷ֮⣿
ϣļ⡣
ǵҪ滰ˡ
ϻѵһٻ
Сֱԡ¹˻Ա¿ɲĿռֻܴҪԱǱһǱ޹ص˳Щɡʷ֣߿ɿˣװ쵽ԣŵڳûκ塣
ѹ;Щ̫ˡ
¹б̬ٟR׷
á֪ļˡٟRѲʷû
Ϲٽ̵
ٟRһЦΪʷƽô˵⽴Ļ
Ҫᡣǳġڳ̴ˣǵ÷˶˵Ҫϡ
ٟRЦҾȻ뷽Ϭһա


291 ֮



ĵڶһ 
ʷʵٟRЩ,٣ȴʷڹµͣûĴϻۡG
ԼĻشҲš
¿Ҳģ,˾䷽˵Ц֪,˵ǾЦͳ
ٟRԼǱ¹Сˡ
Ȼ,¹۲ܵİ취Ӧ
¹ۻشѸƶϣ׼
ΪٟRǹ,۽Իʼ¹,ʼҵĹϵ̫,,֪ٟR뵽ԼҰʱ;һҪһٟRӦԡ
ٟRͼʶ,ΪӦٟRĽܡ
Ӧ
Ҳʱ
Ҷԣ㹻
¹ڹʵ̬ȡ
ٟRάһߵĴݡ
ʵİеʵɡ
ٟR롣
ٟRûյľϱӸָǣ
Ա¹̼ۡ,ȫͬȺ,ȻŴҵȥ
֪ٟRüϲԼܿƺ۵İĶأҲϲЩʷ޲ߵĴšḻ¹ҡ
ٟRֱе
,Ϊʲô񲻰أ
ڼ沢ᵼ°ʧҲӰ˰
ԭ֮һ

ٟRԼġ
ǵġ
һӴļ塣
ǿʢӰһص,ȨڻȨ
,ļ塣
Ҳڴ,͢һֱȷķƶȡ
֣ҡһ塣
ôûأ
Ϊ˽,Ϊҹϵã
աʷ,һ,Ҳϲǡ
ΪʲôԼأ
ٟR˼
Ȼԭ͹ϵܲ̫̫ǰѧ̰īǣ
ô
ǵġ
ԼǰĶ
Ծݰ֮£
ԼҰѳ͢˰ʲô
ֱд
ٟR룬Ҳ壬ֻЩȡ͢Ƹ͢ȷĴ塣
ɻ
ٟR̽ԼģΪʲô˽еǮ
ֵֻ̼Ǯֻ¹۵ǮҲ˽⡣
ǣйԱǮ
ԱӦǹصļලʩߣԱлȡ档
ôǳ¡
Ҫαأ
𰸼ȼּ򵥡
Ρ
ʼ޷Թ£ʼʹȨάַȵĴڡ
ҵɿĳӣЩеˣά͢ʾգʾԱ
ٟR뵽Ψһ취
ǹὫ¹Ǽӷ¹۶ĵٟRĵëȻľ
ʷЩĿչＸˣȫףΪʲôղŻúõĹͻȻͳһˣ
üչģʲô¶أ
չٟRʱ֪ٟRϰߡʷڰָָ֣ſڣʾʷ¿ȥæ
ʷûж
ʹҪְæȷ£뿪
̫ķҲҶײ·ʱ䶼Źĳ˼ֹ̡
ٟR룬ΪʲôʷڳӸλˡ
һٽҿԼĴ󰸣˾ͬĹԱ컵Ҳݵİ
ٟRգ۾ָ⶯˶˲ŵԾٟRһߵɡ
չһյ²ƽʲôʷġ
εҪٟRӹˮһڣʣʷΪʲô٣
⣬ʷشնΪλΪ¡
ٟRʣֻ٣뷢ô
ʱԼһǵεʷٟRΪλ˵ո֮ˡ¹۷Ŵ֮¾ˡ
ʷ£ʱһηǳѵ¡ĸĸǱҵˣ֪ƶζʱϼҸԸ䰮Ů볼ˡоʱݸ嶼Ը볼ס򲻿ܳϵŮıҾԳ¡
׷ĲǲϵĿ̼֡ѵüǮݳô̫СˡʷǣһĨЦţ֮ԡֿ֮Զʤ̼Ǯݵ
֮
ԡ֮
ٟR룬ʷ̨˵ҭ˵ģ˵ġ
ٟRЦʷ룬ʷֻƷС٣ɫףҾ͵㽨ҵ
ʷ΢΢Ƿ
һʱʷ빫¹ȥšٟRȥ˻ҪԱߵķ˶ڵ
һգٟRҲޣûʳһֱǣҪ˵Σ˭֪ѡܵĵ
βѡͳܳأJ
ֲд֡
ȻԱԳܡ
ЩǮŵ¹۷ŴģҲǿڿԳܵĹԱô
ڰԼҰȲܣһλôϣĸ븸ܵƭô
ٟR綼ڻҪҿڣʮֺԳڸҪСһҵĽŲܲٶȡ
ٟŖͷˣڸ󼱼
ʷ±ʣ
ڸʷ߱ıȭϸͻΧѲҹ뷽ʷ顢ʷ̽£
鵹һٟRĿǾ
ǾֻǵȻĸ±ʣ£һĹģûһ˿㵻ǽģŶǾȽɡ


292 ֮



ĵڶŶ 
ٟR,˽
ʷ̨ڻʳ⣬ܿ졣
µصٹ
֣̫齣ɵб·λ,ѴڸٟRһͬ,˸ںչＸ˲ܽ,档
ʽϰڸϵλӡΪٟRһԲ,Եġ֣̫λϡ
Ѳڼ´һ,дķǳǺЩͶԼҵİ,Ҫ黹,Ȼǽʧȥƣ֪Ҫι
ΪѲİն,ϹԱһùٱֱӵ¼ʧأɼ䣬Ѳʹ֪,òմ̸С
ٟRĩ,һԡ
ѲǷֱ㵣ûС
ٟRµݸʷ
һ飬֣̫,˵˵ɣҪδã
࿴˾,һϸ,˾ӦԵġ֮,ҲԼҰ,˾Ӧ֮
ʷ,ȻǺѲʹ֪Ĺͬж,ҲǰյǿҪԼҰҪãҲðû˻·ʧֻҪṩͶ֤ݣٸ԰յԸΪȡ
ʷûͶ֤ݣṩԼޡԼԣա
ʱм֮£һӵ۶ȥͺˡΰɣϲȣ£űȥάϵΰ
˾֮һݲμǰ飬鲻ǰλУҲιپ飬˵ֻҪյõأΧӦܽ⡣
ɣЩͶգԼҰδãȴӦǵԺư飬ѵô
ʷͶ֤ݣҲҪ˻أдã򷣽ۣ˰ǧϷ̡ûͶ֤ݣб䶯ҲҪʱǩԼΪȡⲢΥ֮
ʣ˭ȥִ£
ʷѲʧ䣬ǼңΧŸʷΪʹȫȨ¡
˵̲һͬϸϣЭ¡
۸ʷ̲ɣٶȴҪߡֱɴ಻ʷֱ̨̲֮˵ֽţֻܸ۶ߵİ
༸Ҳ޳ʹ֮£Ѳܣٽȥ֪Ūʲô¡
ֻǣʷ̨ʷΪʹ̲Ϊʹڸ顣
˵ʹԺôǶԺǫ飬˵ѲǷҿϰʹҲûĶѲǿߣǲô̲ȥ˷ġ
ʷ̫£ԼҰǳʷҿģȻʷ̨Ϥʹ©ɸû©ȥˡ
ʷ̫ʷ̨
ֻѲʹϽʲôԵģΧѲǰϽѵһ˿ţ£һһ֮ܡ
۶֧ȥøЩѹסϽ
Žɡڵ۶ϵعҽǿ׳з㡣ǧ㹻
飬û˷ԡ
ɵĸʹѡ֣̫࣬Ϊ˭ʣ
һֱҵۣԴΪ۸ʷ̲ɣǴӾḻˡĵǣ۶Աط참ȻҪõطٵԮոλۣЩѲʹǡ
ͣ£ҪɽЭʹԭ򡣡
磬ϹԱӦúܵĳ͢ǵĴðɡǶȻǳҾӦһλðʹȥ
ٟRһüë΢΢
ԼĴ󰸱Ȼǣط٣ԼҰʱ֪жٺϹԱǱȻġ
ľ棬ҪӦԣ
ʼҪӦԴΧĹԱʧְѡɳʵĹԱ£
˾ҪѡٱʼԼ
ٟR򴽽ǣҼǵ̲λºĹԱ
ʷ̨ǳֱ½֪ʷ̨׵ĸԡǲ鰸һѺ֣ڰաЦЦƳ˷λʷһۡ
⻰õʷ̫ͬ
֣̫δ¾RΪѡʲôΪʹ
ٟRٟRû뵽Լʦٹڸ֮ʱôǰٟRȻ֪ôشʦˣΥԼжϣΪԼж׼ȷġ
ӿһ˿ǸΣٟRһλʷµĹԱȥߺϸ£ʧְʧǽ˭Ҫڻ⳶͢ȣͼɱʥ͢ˡ̵Ѳʹ°ʹ½ѡѲűΧҹѵȫ𣿡
ٟRľټѡһڸ𾪡
˭֪Ĺϵжã˵ڣõĹʹʷֹ̫
ңһļ¶͸顣
õȣ˵ǹġ
û뵽Ȼѡʷ̨
ʷ̨Ҳھ㵡
ʷ̨ٹ֮ʣŵȻ׵ǣҲζţʷ̨ڳٵġ
ϵ¶һһʧգۣ·Ŵһĺȱ̾Ϣʣʷ̨⡣
Ϊʷ̨ʡ
ʷ̨Ƶǰ㣬ôںϷ¼ʱӦѡΪʷ̨ʧߵѲűΧ¼
ȹǳ°ͣʳǾʷܽҿԼҵİӣôԺϵһԺѲʹӦ׼ȷжϣѾ˶ǵĵ£ûȷ֤ǰܰ͢ǡǣϼ¼ʱΪʲôûиһΪֻǰѼȥϴ¡ǻ֮
ǾΪҪжϺϵıױʴεȵز
ѲӸʱֵ״ݸ뵱ǣ֮䣬ƺ󡣡Ǿʱ͢ûгϸ߼Ա˼ɽԮϣֻҲ𲻵̫á
дޱȵķ̣ǿôѲʹҶʷǧƽϢϸ¼ô
Ǿͷ
ҶŵĿԣͷûߵļֵתٟR¾ټʷ̨ʷΪʹʷûʹãḺʲôأ
ٟR룬ʦرȫ档
RҲ벻ҪγеֲǹԱѵְܽٺҲʵֳ˵Ц
鿴ٟR׷ʣγеѵе
ɵ䣬Сسе¡
֮;ΪҲҪＺگδıдСͲسеεĵ粽ãԹΪ湫жΣôҪԹΪ빫˳µ
ٟRɫһ˵Ҫô죿ҰԴ
Ҳءʷ̨ʧ빫Ӵ˳񡣳ټ˵ίʵǷѣ
»Ҿټһ顣
ֹۿţ»أЦ˼ԣ㶼˹أ
ٟRֱӸЦˣŭֹۿôˣܺù
ˡֻǶΡɫΪڸ󸨳ڳζԹɶѡǳϲɣһб֮ǳͨ͢еĵе֪ŵڸǰټȨ
Ȼ̫ǰΪ֮һҲɹѡ
ٟRȻ־ʦǺô£
ٟRУ֣ؽ顣µµĸǣŵǾ˼ľټ棬û˽ġΪʷ̨̲ʺΪ͢ʹ¡
ҾټĳλԱʱһҵݳΪλӵĶףԣרĲʹκκ֮ǣΪһζֱӳе֤ҵľټʧӴˣһ˳ڸ£ҵĳŵ
ٟR򷽳̶ˣҵľټʷ̨
ڸ󣺻ΪʦͽˣMD뿵ˣɴù뵽ڸˣ
ص۶ĳǾһۣ뿵빫ʦǱݻˮ©
ʵûй֧֣ǾҲаõʹ
ǣʷֳ̨εȷʷ̨ᡣ
ԹΡ
ʷ̨Թλҳϣʷǰ񣬡ʷ̨زṼµΡ
ƺܲùټѡˡ
˵ǲ鲻Ը໹иѡ
ʷ̨㹻ˡº͵ڸ飬˵һ½ѡɡ


293 ֮



ĵڶ 
Ϊǰ֣سŵ,ٟR˳ȻĲ뵽ѡϡ
˲ųڵĽ죬Ȼò󽫾֧Ĵ󽫾ʵսĽ졣
ѡһλɡ
Ծټ
صĽ,Ϊȡ
ٟR˵,ѡȸžС,б֣⡣
Ϊ߼Ĺ٣Խе˶˽,鲻,ͬ,ǻںжѡأ
ٟR˵,ΪҶ졣
,ⲻѡˣѡĽ졣
֪˵ٟRԼķ,ž,ΪʲôĲʹĵɡһܶΪֺóϵĽ졣Ҳ޹,ǲǣ
ľٟRḻ̫࣬ԽҲϤ,ͷ,Žȷǿ֮ġ
С,Դʹһ˿,ɿȫ֣ѫ,ǱͻϵһȺˡȸǿƸֵ,ɱкܺá͵ûʲô״ҲΣõúÿסֵֽš
ٟRĺôڣԼѡ˻»˵ңһʡ
Ҳ˵̹磬дǡ
ȱĹٶԾһ㶼ȽǳɱƼžѡ
Ҷû
ڸ½
ٟR齻ɫ˳ٹδһͬ뿪ֱȥٟRԺӡ
ʷƳһۣ֣ȥĶˣ
ʷǹԺӵķǻл˵
ʷЦһҪǺ¶Ǽҵûǰͨõġ
ʷͨܡһԼŮӲһתԹŮӵ顣Ҫ˵ϣҲǵǰˡ
˶˵ôʲôʷıԹʷ˻˻ˣµĻˣ
ʷҲеûȡ
ðɡġ
ʷллңԺˡ
ٟRҲԼԺʦ۵һβμڸµ¡˶㣬ٟRЦһΪʦء
ڡҲû뵽㾹ȻҲһƷٟRĺò衣S
Ϊľʷ̨̲ʺϡҲʷ̨˽⣬ʦôƼ̲أ
ֲǲ֪ҸǾϵܲȻҪƼ̲ˡˬ˵
ٟRһľʦԺ÷˽ԹԹΪء
سŵͷֲʥˡ˵̲һɵ¡СС۵˳Ƶһ顣
ʲôƺš
˵йͶģζġ
ôģ
ΪһְҪû£ҲûȥǸΪٸ֡л̲λ֪ˣˣһһΪĸɽ
˵һл鲻ٟR㲻Ǿôôô˽
ȻԹΪˡٟRɫ
鿿αٟRĿһֿĳγ⼸ǲڶԱϵ
ҲӦܸܵѶˡ
ðɡٟRûźѣǾټ˵øΰɡ
̾Ϊֹ󷿵ĴôôٶۣղͦģǼ为ĻҲ˵Ĳ
ǿô˵Ҿ˵˰ҲǵġʵٟR˵˵Ҳûʲô¡
ٟRһ䣬ҴҲٶۣͦġ
ŵǼٵġʷ̨ˣҪ˳µ𣿡
ٟRŶһǰû£˵˵ֱӸĸ͸ʡ˵˰
̫󡢱¡¶ϣҪ̸۹أʣϣԺע黭Թأ
ٟRסˣǵһĻٟR˵ɳ͢ҼңѵܹԼҵ£
룬ʼ뷨ǲһ
ٟRҪɶɶĹȫΪʲô˵£ⰮͰ͵ĸԣֹ̫߲֪صء
ָʼǰ˳᳤ûвȨ̫︨ǰ̫.ʵڷŵѵ뱮дţ󹬲ɸ
ĸŽǿ޴ıʯٟR˵
û̸˳᳤֮£֪ǻΪԼ˳᳤ˡ
£ֵķǳá׽ҪԣϣԶ׵һ졣ҶԴ˻ϣ̫ﲻԶӻ̫ΪڵʱΪһСػĻʯ
ϣԶؾ֮꣬ʣҲҪҾҪסգȫ׽֮أһܽԼĹ
ǿΪڵĵط


294 ֮



ĵڶ 
Ƿ뿪
ٟRͷ˼һ,ʦЩۡʦһֱܺãӦǶڴɡ
ٟRҲϣܰ,Ϊڷ絲ꡣ
ĵҹЩ,ǹ͸ӳڣٟRڴ˯¡
ҹǿӫӫƻǳ,˾ǹеıʲôʱڵ϶δɫҰףֹ,־ͬ޴ڵҹɫû
Ӱ볨Ĵ,ǰڡǾѹסɾľ,̧ͷ,׶ࡣ
Ƭ̣ǿջ,ڸʷصļһ֣ě
󣬳ǾŶ,ͥ
ǼԱ,һ׵˳Ǿע⣬һޱǳɫĹâǿжѷɫ
νĳǾ,ڿʱͷ಻һ˿ϲ
ڶ,ӫĵ¡
͢𶯡
ɵ۶¹۾ʽ,ԼҲȥꡣٟRʷҲ,ӫǴսҡ,Լʧ׶ࡣ
ֺĸ߶߶ÿ㡣
˽ٟR,Ͱ󶨵İĩ,վɰô
ٟR֣Ϊʲô찡ò䲻ȣʺϰϲˡ
ô⻹벻ͨˣӫǼ࣬ſɲá˵㰢ԭҲĽף࣬ҰƳˡ
ٟR඼ˣҲû취ӰӫǲߣҲֻϴˡ
ĶĶ¡
ҲܲȥǾϻ£ô
ô¡
ٟR˵ʥ˶˵Զ֮ιĽۣήֶġĸɶţҪŪԷѵԷ˰ǲˡ
û˵вԷġ
ĸͰĹӰɡû¶ġ
ư죬Ǿͷá
Ҳ¡иʡĸĸ󡢻ֺңҵġֶҲȵù
˵ôûŵģ˵㼪
ٟRû࣬ȥʷ̨ѧϰҪ׼븸׼£òաžٹٟR밲ٟRʷ̨ʹˡ
ٟRҲÿȥʷ̨
ڿģҰˡ
֣뽪Ļڽˣ˹аʹٟͣRԼ׼˺ܶ͸ǡ
֣ױգٟR
κһλױĶࡣ
֣ҶԹµĺȻϲΡ֣˶ùŮȰȰ׽ɹߵݰֻһˣ㣬ԺԱİݳףҪʹء
˸˵ֲһҲܶһˮƽġ֣˵ϲرáڸ˵ЩɨˡҸݺˡ
֣룬Լ֣ŮжȻ׼ȷһЦҲá
֣ǹճŮ޵Ǵ󳤹ҵĵճڹ꣬ȻӺ֡
ٟRڴ󳤹ʱ˵ϲġ
󳤹Ц׵ϲ£ܲϲ󡣴ĸиСǰRǸϲ
󳤹ڼƽض꣬˵Ϻš
ٟRԸˬɣȫߣ˵ⲻ˵϶ϱ˴µ˲ˡ
󳤹ȴЦɲô
֣̫ЦãRĶԼ˵ġ
Ҿǲ˵Ҳʵĸҿǹѵʲô˶ôǹһһĲſСٟRš
󳤹RҪʲô
򵥡ò䡢ƷУȫС
Ӵô˵׼ˣԼɣӱЦеʡ
ǰҿӱǲǶ׾ǳ׵ģҾеһ¡ٟRֹ̹̬ȺЩɵɰ
󳤹ڻǹĸ⣬ļҿĺꡣ
ðǹĸമӣұѡ
֣̫Цƽˡ
ôǶءѡŮҲǰü࿴οǻʼң󳤹ϲٟR̹󷽵飬ʼҹô͵ô󷽷ģ̸۸˾ŤĸʲôƵġ
ٟR󳤹˵ĸҪй游ǰʵģҲܸʶ
ӱڴЦۡ
󳤹ٟRȻ۹⡣
֣̫۰RҲ
ٟRԸΪ˲ģĸп˳裬Ҫ⣬ѡҵ¶̣ȸ˳
󳤹ҲԸΪĵͣӦ£ɡ˳˳ᡣ
󳤹˳˵أмӵܲμԣҲûһ
ٟR˵Ҽǵѧǻġ̵Ĳãѧ۲أ
˳һȥѧΣ۫RҪҪһȥ󳤹ٟRһ
ĸȥɣȥʷ̨
УȥΡôЩˣҲһ˲ŶûС
ٟRװģҿ۫ƽʱ٣Щϸ֦ĩ͹˲ϣĸҪǷǷȱֻǸˣӵкô
󳤹ЦĬǰ
֣̫Щ۶
󳤹ˣٟR͵ٹſڣʣµľðӱˡ
ӱʵЩ£ֻⲻ̸۵ĵط󳤹ӭŹаů磬ΪԵģһǶԵġԼģ֮ǶԵġ
ӱһ㶣˿
޸ӴˣĸʹǷе£ĸĸĸһûӱ»飬ǻλӣҲеá
Ҳǿġ
ʷʱʹ岢û⡣Ҳ彡ûӴԼ⡣
ĸ͸һЩѡ˵˼ӱǼʣɰ¶謾ͽˡʱѡ˷̴£ŸʱƵġ
ӱûûҪúӰĵز
һӲӣδӶġ
ӱֻЩãعжȹһأ
Ѱ˼ҵѰ£ڹжᱻ޷Ŵ
Ȩλ֮أҪԴأ
ǻţǲġ
ӱĳ࣬Ҫĺãϡ
ɼ罪ӱҲԸ
ôҪȡ᣿
󳤹Ůլ֮ڲǰŪŮ̻ʳӣڲǰȻһݣﵱѡ
һգ
˴иԺֺõĸ
ƺ֮ߣȨƺպաꡣ
׼ĹģʽȡʤҲĥ롣
󳤹
ҲӲϿ
ŮѾˣŮѡ񣬵ϣܼгߣҲϵѡ


295 ֮Ű



ĵڶ 
謽Ҳڰ¡
ӱǰ˲ø謾סԺ,ٟRʱٟRȥƣٟRŲõͦá
ԺиӰ,񸸻
ҵ˶кܶ,ٟRӳǿŷǹĵĸźٹ밲ġ
û˱ٟRϰá
RΪⲻ߼Ļʽ
ϲ˵һһһ˫,һֻһˣĻŸ¡
˵ϻȨҲһܵõĶ,־һ֡
ֵҪ檼볼ӵϵ,ǹ,ʷϺüλ檵,Ҳû˭ĽɽͲˡ
ٟRҡҡͷ
ʱ߹ȥ񲿿ǵ׼,ٟRʷ̨۽硣ΪԼȷ䷸֤ݵ˷Ѻ⵽۶ٟR֪һļڵطΪΪεȵز
ԼҰ֮ʷע⣬Եһ׮С
⸮״˹ɱԼɷ,Ѳеɱ,񸾲浽ʹţⰸӰʹЩΪ,ϳʷѲӺϣʹɴʷ
ѲȻҲǺа
ⰸ,ɱӿԼص,һ,ŭ,߶ɱӡ
Գ²,Լҵĵ,ҲԸԼƴ衣ɷǽӵԼŵģպԼҷصԼһҪصǮѽݰռȥͶ·װؤӵݸ浽ѲšѲץɱ˵ӣҲжɱˡ
ѲΪҲŭ֮£ʧԣűɱˡ
ɱ
ԼҲԸһӣϤ黹
Ҳ˶ǮһӶҪϸ档ʹʹȥԼҷصˣȷǱһãҲԼطΪ֤
֤ԼˣŶȱȽϵ͡
߶Ҳò֤ݣ֤ǹɱɷ
ⰸӶԳʷֱֵһᣬʷûԳʷȥġûͲܸ࣬ɳµˣȴһֵҲụ̂ʹ˾һ󣬱Ͳʲô˵ˡ
ɳɱ˶֮µģԼҵֻһ΢ĩ֧档
ʵڹʷ
˰᰸Լҵֳޱȵ˳ӣڿ⸮ĵϵԵ񸾼Ǹϴ⳥ԴҵвڸӸĸ޶֮áң֧ɱ˷ûһ˿飬ףźһᡣ
ȻλԵݸԳ¹ʧһӹݸ·Σ
ΪֳһƷʣϾµ֧氲ǵϵ
ԼҸĴԸƽݸŭȴʷɻ
ʷǵ۶߹٣ʷ̨ڶĸ߹٣ԱĳЩ˽⡣ҪҡΪµңϼɲΪ棬Ҷĵ
ɻ㺮ų˵Ի£˼ԻǰѹŮ㣬ֲǰѼҲ㡣
˵ͷءҫ̬Ҳ˵㡣
ʷһ黧أԼҲˣĶ͡
ԣԼҰ鸴Ӳֻϣɱ˶İӣѵʹһ׮ǷֵĽһ׮
ٟR룬һֱɶ޷ǾҡȻԼ̫̫ҲΪ̰RҲȫ˾ΪĶȥɱˣ
Ҫ˵˲ƣʮǰԼֻѰũʱô˶ɱأ
ҪΪĶʮĶɱˣҲһʴơ
ΪĶؾɱˡ
ƽʱ޷쵽εȵز
ٟR̾Ϣ
һ磬ǰŸСǰ̾̾鶼ˡ鲻òʣʲô£
ٟRðڣڿԼҵİӣԽԽôΪĶؾ͸ɱ˵ˣ
΢΢Цţ»٣˵ĶأΪһĶɱ˵ĶС
ٟRɴ۾
飬ǹĶȻͨũңһ˿ҲֻʮĶءֵܶģҷĶб񣬱ᷢסΪĶԹȫˣǱҪĲƸ
ٟRһ룬Ҳ
ת飬˵Ǯ
һǫѷûûС
ֲǮѵҲԼҵ£
ɱ˵Ҽ鼫ͣһðµġ
ܺðļҲơ㣬ôԼ˵ģ
Ҽ˻ҾֲԺȣȥ˵ϼ峤ҵǵġ
ٟR棬㻹ֳڼеڼ
϶ʷͻȻ
ʷ㻹ͦ˽ġٟR
򾯾ĿʷСӲᱳɣ
ʷõľڽʷݵ鰸ϣĸسӣ谮ӣһе϶͸
ŭճ̵ģҿû㣡
ǲҶʵʷüѵ㲻
ŭ϶һ˼˿Ʒ˺񡢻ʶ飬ɶɶеǮô
ʷ빫ֳ峤һλ˷ӣȫȻͬˡ
һΪֳԺһֱʷըץŷʷʣ㵽׹ܲճ̵ų죬㵽׹ܲܣ
صķʷĳĽҪȥһܡ
ٟR˾񣬡ҳʮѺʷӮ
һӣڣʲô⣡˹ٳǰӮҲ˵۸󱲡
οӮ˵ġʷһע͡
鷭ڣһĿʮпдһпҿӫǾʷ̨Ϸ˵ʷǰŻص۶ӫǾˡ˵ǾӦʷµĳϡ
ʷ˵Ҫȥ̲칫ϵ˯ȡ벻
ۿڲŲУӣǱͶ֤ݵĻ˵޷ǷӲ˰黹أû֤ݵֻܰԼߣðšҪôã
ʷգЩԼ޸ɵأû֤ݵģϤûУΪܶǩǰ¼̣Ӵ˰˰ⳤֻǸԼãսϤ䵱˰ɡ
¾ͳԿˡǹһ֣ڻңذɲؽ˰Ҫڿġ˰ǹڻ
ʷʥ;ز⡣οԭ˰𻻸ѡ
ʷƤһ̧ٟR϶Ҫæе»عʱ̫һᡣ
ٟR֪ǻʼҵأʼҵׯ԰ǲ˰ġʷһͨ飬Ҳطûʼң˰գ˳͢ġ
ٟR˽δ࿼ǣһӦ£аû⡣Ҿ͸׼Ŷ
¶ɫٟR鶼޵ǰǲæ
ʷ֪ʶ񡣡
һĳʷҲٟRһۣ΢΢ס
ٟRʣһЩͶ֤ݵ˼ңҲȡˡΪý˰ЩģҲǽ˰ָǰò𡣡
ʷǹټҵģ˽ǿġ
ٟRˡЩ֤ݽȡصģȡصصȨЩû֤Ҫǩģ䲻زЩ˰ҲԳҲ˰ߣȴӴʧȥȨӴֻĵ軧ˡ
ʷЩ辭ʷ˾ɰԭգŪһжǰáÿط˰ֱ˰ˡ뵱عٸҲʡٶʷ˾
ⷨӺáʷ˾Ǹݸרܹţ£Ҳͬʷ顣
鿴һ۴ӺǱ߿ݻص֣ȥЩʣʮĶЩҪôţǹڹﻹǹڻׯ
۹ںδÿ˰ɲ١Լһʣ⼸ʮ˶˰ʮĶ³Ų࣬¾һʾ޿ʷ
ʷʣкθ߼
һڴĿٟR
ͷٟRܣϵشƽԭط֣ʮĶɶϵ˾ϵׯӱȶҪѷɫġ
ٟR˵ȫչׯУ£Թ˽ĹΪù뿪ʷ̨
Ҿͷ·û黰֮⣬ȴٟRĻش
ٟRҲȫȻûе̽ԭҲǻׯҪû˰Ȼɡ˵Щðո֣룬˵ճɾںϸѧũĹȽ衣
ʷһûϣԭ˽
ʷһļǲ飬һ顣
ʷɫôСһһʮĶɾһǮ˾ˡǲѹһɲá
ƾʹɫ۳ʷϹһһۡ
ڳʷ˵һ䣬ⲻȻͼ칫ˡ
ģžһˣ
ѵʮĶһ㲻˾
аĳϣ̽鷴Щⲻȥ˾ù²˽£ڿƭ˹£
һǵķ̶ˣ޳ܰ


296 ֮ž



ĵڶ 
𶼾ŻʵۼҾʹ,ʵۼҲпŵʱ
ٟRĵʷ̨æҲʷ̨ÿ춼ĸʻ㱨̡಻,ٟR˵׮
ɵЦ,ӣǵǰ︳˰
֣̫ЦٟR,㵹ͦ󷽡ûǹˡЩյﲻ,ǲʮĶ,˵־͸ˡ
ٟR˵,ԭûʮĶ,ҲûɶţǴȡЩ˰,Ҳսɵڰϡʣµľ͹طڸѧ߸޹,ҲǺ°
,Rǰĳã´ͶЧˡ
ٟRС,һ֣ν,ûɶ¶ۼҵ,أҪȱǮ,ֱӾͷɻʼ˽ͳˣ
ٟRûǮǴ¡
ֲ⴦
֣̫û뵽ٟRǸɵ,˵,˾㽲һͷĵ
˾ר˾ʼ
ΪʼҹƲ
һлׯ̡ݳɽء䡢鱦ɹղ,˾
ٟRû´˾һ֪½г͢ӳƭˡ˾ֱܹܼˣʮĶʲôĿ˾Ҳ߯˾ˣ
٣ͺƭֱӻطʮĶôһû˾
ֱ̫
ٟRÿȥʷ̨ѧܹ̫ܽɵĲʹһ˲׼ΪһЩʼҲ׼N¿̱ʵ֤߹£ù²Ҫƭ
ܹδʩչ졣
ǼԤʾʲôٟR˯бѣһ׶ѵ˯߱ߵߵߵѡ
޵ţʹεڵȼĿУٟRĸѾӹ˾Ƿϵҩڡ
˾ڸ࣬⸮ض鵱ֵּ
֣̫ʣ֪ʵ𣿡
Ѿܹȥˡ
֣̫ŵֵڸԼ̫ҽԺԺʹԺУ¡
̹ǰ֣̫£ٟRҲ֣̫궼þ֣Ҷϰˡģ˯ɡ
ٟRɢͷϣҲ˯ˡ
Ҳһɡ֣̫Ůգ͵͵üΪߣɲԺգҲöΡ
ٟRĸԼͷˣĸҲ̫ģҿڸ˻ܸɣǶġ
֣̫ճյķ˿۵ЦӦ£У֪ˡ
ǵĸۡʳǲԶҲҪЩʱ䡣˾ϣ֣̫ʱɵ۾͹ˣҲųһյ
ǵ룬޵֮¡
ںϸԱȱȥҶʷԼȸŽҲдĺ⸮ԱϽ֯Ԯ˴εضзʮо
ԭѲڵضѡ
ң죬ԱĻߣ۶ɳҽҩԼԸչʳ
Ҷʷ󿪷źϵĳƽ֣֡
ƽǳ͢ƽʱڴʳĲֿ⣬ǵۣá
༸˶Ǵ֣Ӧʿźϳƽ֡ǳҩģԼϾԮߵҽŶӡ
УҪһλʹ͢ҽҩӹȥ
ʷԼȥɣأ־ˣкã̻Ҳ顣
֣̫Ҳáʵ˵أ
ɵ۵ͷɡ
ʷǷ񣬡ݳȸˣ׼֮¡
ʷҪ˵ʱǰ񣬡಻֣ʩп콵ֻʳȥְοϲԡ
ʷʱֹסŲ
һƬţɵۿĸס
ΪǼžҹһᱻ޷ŴٟRڴһµЬ´ߵ޵ſڡ
˾ǲҴȡ˼۸ϡ
ҡΡ
ٟR˻ػСĺҲ
ʷѧΪ˸Ӧв࣬˼سشʧʶÿʱҪǹ٣Ϊ˸
Щ£ٟRһֱźܻ
ҹǿż֮Ƕ۾ɢźĹâŵһС
֣̫󲻶ɫɵۣʵ˵أ
ɵ㷶ĸ׵˼ο࣬ˡ಻ΪǣҪǺ顣һ⣬ЩлȻɢȥ㲻طϡ
ٟRףʹȻ׸Ǿġ
ĸ϶Ҳ˼
ٟRƶ
ķ϶УٟRĸвǰԸࡣĸɫֻܿĸһֱļԼĸŵ
Գ׸һʩɰ׿ϵģйʧҲĹʧǰҵĹʧϲԽң޹䡣
֣̫Ŀĳ㻺λ󳼣һɳʹǣ˭سʼǳ̣Ҫη࣬ΪʮأĽи
ҵĳһΪ͢ҵҵʮأݲұʧ֮˵֣̫ڵϵͣǿңԴ˴죡
ʱ˿̣и֧ɵ۵ĸ󳼣Ҳ֣̫һ۷
ʱ򣬵ȷҪ̫ȶġ


297 ֮һ



ĵڶ 
ٟRԶסĸ֣̫Լʱά׸ıֱˡ
֧
Ϊ˱ĸĳ,ٟRĸɾͿ˲һٱ飬п˵ԺҲҪĸ,͢ҳ
֣̫,ⶼʾ֪͵ˡ
ԼңĶܽ͵ءҪǾ·û,Ҿ͹ȥˡٟRſĸ߶ӽ̾,ĸôôôأĸ,㲻֪,˱ƯˣûбĸӢˡ
֣̫Ц,ΪߣȻҪѡ
ٟR˷ܾȥ,ֲһ𴲺ٟRùţ͸ĸ˵,ĸ,ͻȻôĵضͲˡȡԼһԶٳˡ
֣̫,ۼҹɡ
ȻٟRֵ,ȥƷʷǱ߶׼,̫ҽԺ̫ҽйĹ,л͵Ľ,ҿû
֣̫ٟRȥˡ
ʱ,ٟRչɫ,չԼͬգôˣ
չٟRһ󣬲ٟRǰЩͲãֳ˺ϵض£ʱж˺һҸ׸ˡ
Ҫ׸֮λĸˡٟRİɣĸ˵˾س֪ģҴӲЩĸҲţҲţ
չ£ҪҪҲȥ¹̩񰲡
ǰЩ츸ʡָȥȥԵ̫ƵˡٟRչ֣İɡ϶ûµġǾ¶󣬿ĸǣֵļǴأʲôģǳ
ٟRʷ̨ʱ඼ˡʡ֣һһȵλ뷽ʷһЩʩΣʷװˡ
ŷʷ֣֣иһоͰˡ
ʷز¡λ
ٟRʷ˺ϣ߰գǶǹǡǲҪ£ᵹˣ͢Ǹǡׯڻˣ̫֡ҽҩġǣһжг͢ڡ
ҲߺϹԱ˼Ǆ֮ͬʱйԱ³ɼľ顣ʷ̨˾ٹ٣ϣܿʷ̨ԺϹԱƵΥ
ٟRһЪҲ¡
ʷȭסˡλʷͷʷš
ٟRδ磬ĵú
ٟR۫Ҳ˵Щⶮˡ
۫Ĺ£кϵض׼²һ¡Ȼڳжæž֣Ҳôٴ졣
׼Ҳû
ѧµεƹݳ۶ְߣδݼʸȵȻǵ׹ݳӹѧ
ĺģָƹݳȥݼ
׹ݳ棬񽻽Ӻ󣬰׹ݳҲһҪʱȥݼ
ƹݳι٣ҲͬŵͨŹѧڹܽѧ˵̶ֳȣƹݳ塣
ٹ밲ӣٟRճʱƹݳ
ټ֮ˣλƹݳҪȰ׹ݳԳǰƽ֪ƽ߳ǣ뺷ս£ԭΪǸԴ֮ˣƹݳ̺ȴֻԶ˽֮С
һ֪ܿɿ
ٟRƹݳǣ˵ѧ׹ݳҸ⼸꣬ѧѽҪ¶֪㡣
ټܳûвĵġѧͽ㣬㲻ֻңͷ
ƹݳƽΪأҲϰǵĺһ⻰֪Ǹɿ֮ˣ̬·ģĹѧѰ֮£Ҫ°æġ
ͦƢ
ٟRȡķıƹݳ
ƹݳ룬ѧȻûԭģٳЩŵһ
ʽѧΣƹݳͰڰϣͬżˣ֪ùأǾǿ֮ˣ֮Ĳǰΰ׹ݳһʱ䣬ͬŽķ
ѧʹ˳ӡ
ѧһ¡
ƽ󳤹˳᳤۫ѧΣѧȥգίʵе
䶼ǺֽΣһһȻҲ̫ˡ
ƽ󳤹˵⺲ָҲһ۫ܣҳ׽Ԫ˲ţҲòѽ
˳᳤
Ȼƽ󳤹˳᳤֣̫߶߶۫ɵ۹ͨɵ뺲Э̡
۫ѹѧȥ⻰һᣬ̽ƹݳܾˡǹѧҲȥѧʸãǰһĹٻӵܣЩӼмԺܿȡʦҲй⡣
ѧǱ߲ӵܣҳȥݬЩ
Σֻ۫ѡ
˳᳤ⶣʱƽһѧõġ
ܿ죬ǱҲӣյض󣬺ַ˼Сģĵض˴Σ⸮ǳЩӻС£ضҲ࣬ͳƵ߲
ضΧԳеũ壬պ꣬Ծֲ
ʷ־֣һ¾ǽ񣬵½½İʷܱݸԮҩģҽߡ
Ǻϵƹε۶۶Ҳɫ
ںϵıδ̫ãͣЪǵˮȥ¶ཬ֮ĸǡ
֮ǱɹǰЩµˮڳǧǳء
ʷźϵĹԱٱգʼĴɨԼյҽչˡ
µľ߲
ֱ³Ϣ죬ɵĽСڳʱڣڿʼСΧ߲
ʷϣýׯ԰ĲͳһŲׯ԰ҽΣԸŲģͷ˼ţÿɸҩֵҩȥ
⣬ҼʯңһЩõȽⶾɢȵҩġ
ǵشԭأ࣬³أ㣬ȥСˮ·ͨʮַҩ˼ı
³һ߲
ֻСĹ۲켴ɡ
ȷǷʷϣʵĴ󸮳һӿǺε
ֻǣ͢δһʷĲˡ
ڿĸʷ֧Ԯ̫ҽԺԺۣķʷĲ飬ʷԼ˼볯͢µʹ
԰ġ
ʷ̫ƴ۲ģβĵڣв˻ǵ߲вҪĴն˼ˣɲԱҲлɡ
·ʷϧ߳οԼõ߲
ʷҲû취
ʷøʷдн飬Ĺɸʷ־ͳɣҪһ˹
ˣǻס
ʵڸ˭ܸɽĻǣе˷ѣΪѾסˡ
ײøɻֻҪڡ
ֺ̻̲İٿ⸮ĪġЩֿʹİվţʼûǣʼǽǷϵģ
ڴ˿ܾѵĿǣǱȻƽҪĶ
ʷܳжϲ
ͻص۶ڸҪٵģԱޣ̫ﲻȥϡ
µǿȥҲԸȥؼǣǻʵ۱ΨһãڸҶôðһķգ
ʵ۱µѪǹˡ
ڸԼݣ֮ǰԹ¶ڸԱ
ڸ۫
۫壬ȵ֮ܣ̫.֮ӣ˾˾ҡ
۫Ը£ɣ۫ϻؼ˯һڶͲˣյ۫ŲҲҪȥ۫ȴܿϵͣԸΪԶ⡣
ڸֱ۫
ʷֱ˵۫ݾͺǿˣ۫ʲôһܣӡҲ֪ĸУ
۫ӱĲᣬɫͺ죬Ҳףһɸң
ʷʹҪҪȥ
˵Ȼˡһٽ󣬶˳֮͢ǰʷ̨Թ漰ġȻ۫ȥûкʻʼףΪ׸Ӧȥġ
ⲻԴ̴ƼԹű˲ž۾֮ءвٹԱϣ˵Եģ֣ϼҾǺ̶ǡ
ʧģͬʧġ
ҲǷʷΪԭ
ʷ̫ǹ֮һһȽҪ뵽ԼҲηԹС¹ǺѡֻǴ춼˵ùȥĻ
̲ư죬ȥݵġ飬治١ֻǣҲЩ˵ùȥĻ
οͬ⹫ȥ⣬Ժ˭๹֮£
һһأԺѧʿǻƣ·һľ׮Ӿĩϯ
ʷûһҲҿ԰պܹģʱù֮ǲУġ
۫ӱ̵ĺ괭
ʱ˶˲
ȥΪֳգ
ʷǻӣֳҪȥͲ۫ǱΨһӣֱ˵ˣɺϷʮεضԸ˿ʧһëᶯ
⻰ֱ˵ɵҲ˶һ԰ɫ
򴽣û˵
ʷֿһۣתƿ¾ϣ
ɵۼֱͷΪѣӲȥ߲սΨһӣʷԣӵʧȡ
ɹŮһܱɵ٣һһŮԣ¹ŮҪԶӣɵҲ۰Ů
ҲԸùŮȥ
ԭ˿ʮĴǣ۶ҲȲǿҪĸǣʷҲּ׹ȥ
ʱ˼ʣɵɲǣҲŮաS
ֻ˵Եûûεˡ
治÷ʷôô£
ɵۿĸף֣̫Ը֣ȥѹ
ٟRϿΣϵضԼҵİֻͣͣһЩ֤ȷ䡢ѹյİˣĴ󰸵Ժˡ
ԣͼѧˡ
ٟRε飬ֽԵʣٟRٺҾ͸ĸ˵۫ȥȥġ
飬ºԤ԰ѵԤ۫Ҫ
۫һֱѧİӸŪ˸ͷβҽܵģһóֵ˲ŶûСҲ˵ⲡ˵ûȥҲܰ¶á
¹ʰαþߣٟRչＸʦһ¡
ٟR£֣̫밢R˵˵ɡ
ʷʹ½ˣٟR˵ڸ󣬡Ǹɵ¶Ӳ۫ŲˡǸ۫ҩǮ
۫ѪŭʳУҸ̫.ʵӣ̰֮۫
û˵װģ˵ڸ󲻻ѡˡٟRû˿ԥĥ󣬡ȥû⣬
ɵ۵ֻ˵
ĹҪУҪСٟR
ɵһӦ£û⡣
ٟRİ壬࣬ͳ
ɴ䣬඼ˬǡվͽ֮׼׵
۫ӿɵۣ湫ͬУ
ɵ۱̬ٟRȻܾ۫ӸһָҪ


298 ֮һһ



ĵڶŰ 
ٟRСӾʹ,ûȥ⸮Σβ˵¡
ʷ˵Ѿˡ
Ǽ˶ġ
ɵ۵ԺС
ٟRû˵,ʻȥɡRôС,ŮӣҲûҽʵ
ٟRһҲȥ,̴󷽱ʾ,Ҫȥ,һȥ
ɵ۵,ڸϲӦ
ٟRڸȫΪ,Ǻ޲һӾڻʳǶźáʷ˵Ѿûôʷʵ׵ˣҪް,˵ʼ׹ȥġ
Ҳ˵ǰȥɡ
ҲŻӦȥҪһ,ڸȫҲҪס㡣,žžžžžǰһһͶˡٟRɵ˵ǵҲ,ԺҪ̳дͳˣȷС޴ȥ,,˵ʡҲ,Ƕš
ɵͻȻŮһ,ǿЦ,תĸ,ĸҼǵ֣ҲǺϴ壬Ҫ֣氢Rһȥ⡣
֣̫Щҡ֣ûô̶ס֣һвϼҵġҲá
ٟRһڣĸʣ֣ȥ⣬¶ѣܸɵˡʾǻʼɵʱкϹԱɣ塣
ɵȻҲ뵽㣬Ů٣Ͱٰ㲻ģʶҲ֣ܶҵһЩ϶ἰ֣ҡ
Ůƽʱ֣׽ĻԼһġɵʣɵˣ
ʲôѵġͬУ޷ǾǼعԱʿ˵ЩĻˡǵĹ֪ͣ͢ĳĳĳ֮󡣹Ȼ𡣡˵ЩģһǣٰϯơȻһߣָΡ£ġ
ٟRһͨţѴҶЦˡ
֣̫ףţ⵹ɡ
ɵ۵ʷ£԰ΪȡҲˣΪʹ֡ʷ̨һǿӲ¼Ȩѱ岻ֻҪйģ͢캱
ҼǵˡҵʱЩ˵˵ǱԹԹٟRʷǸ˺£һԹ
Ժ֪ˡûвԹġ֣̫ͷһγԶţҪи곤ŮţϹͬȥ
ٟR˵ġ
Ҳ
ٟRδپܾ
ãƫԼͬȥعӰ׼ЩRҩģ˵ȥġ
ӱǵʱ¾͸øڸ˵J
ڸΨһ֮ʣȥΣաѵRȥûΣˣRŶһſǺá
ӱԶѣҲܾšR϶˵ĺܣɰˣǲǣ
Σˣ˵һ빬Ϳʼġ
ӱЦġ˵Ҳڿޡ¾ͷİɡR˵ܸ
࣬ɲȥġѣҵЩRذ֣ſɵ⣬˺ȥȻȥ԰R
뵽ŵעҪֽдƪ׼͸ãóŶ
ӱ״ԸŮȥ׼ӦҩĲᡣ
ٟR˾ǿʰչＸ˴ҪƷУҪһһСǹҲ湫һС
ʼ¼·ٟRδ̣ɵʥּſݳ͸أѲӿ⣬Ϳǣ;ٸӼݡ
ٟRԵǣʥּһ⣬йʷ˵ߣ߲иĴ̵õơ
ӵĶף߲Уʵ۱¾ɹǰ
㷲Ҳ࣬ɼ͢ûзǡߣҲ¡
ʷǿܵľֶλǸǴССİճ˿Ŷġ
¶Ҫˣʲôɵĵأ
ǲûб͢
ǺϹٳˣʱҲ˲ùŮӵݣǶԹļٱʾԵĻӭ
Ψеķʷ֪Ϣ̾һΪĻǴ¡
ڸ˶ִΪΨһӣաʷҲͬʷԶǵʱǸʹ̰ٵʷ󳼣Զǵĵ׵ľˮһĻ
ԣӸλʷҲӲηηա
Ϊ٣Ҫˮ𣬽ڵ
ԣǱ˵Ҳãص
һӴµİΣ֪µҪ¿Ѿȥϣܳġ
ڿǵİշǳҪ
ŷһŻҰ
Ҳá
뵽ܰСͰͰ˵ͣĹ£Щ˵̱Ĺǿ۰ɡǾ֪ϷǶôĴȰˣ
һͷ˿ķʷûʱ˿̣ԼǺεа


299 ֮һ



ĵڶž 
֣̫ӲΪԼǸ᳦ǧصԸ,ٟRȵС֣̫ǧᡣ
ԼȥҲ뺢ȥ
뷨ʵ,ͷƲסð
뵽˷ܵ߶߶һϴ㵽˺ôٟR,֣̫ЩԱҲû,Ѿͷȫûвᰡ
֣̫ľӵշתδߣڶ𴲾Ͳ,ٟRһ缴ȡ
ʱ˵,˵ϻ¿,ȥҲʲôζ
֣̫,ҲУֲûȹ
ⲻһġҿҪȥԵӴٟR,ϧ˵ϧܴĸһȥҾĸೢɡ
֣̫󶼲ٟRԴ,,ȥ˺ϣʲôģ
ĸҿȥӴٟRҧһС,˵ԺһҪȥӱ,ȥ,ȥ,ȥ,ȫضҪһ顣
˭ǲܳ,ҾǶ࿴¡˵ŻһɪĿɶЦ
ǰٟRرϲֳ֮,ڲһˣٟRȻ֣۸ʻǻ֣ĸԭǶõˡ
Ƕڻʳǡ
Լһ
ȥĶУ
ٟRпϲԴ蹫ɰҪϲԣϲԻ᲻˵ġ
֣̫ĵٟRɪûˡ
Ͻţ˳ʱ
ٟRġ
ϳԵıģǵĸĸӱ㻹кüĸණҩһࡣȻ󸸻ʡ³ҲֱӹˣҲ
ҪٟR̫Ըֱ޲ܲɺȥǸһˮɡ
ٟRЦеأģȥȥͻأ
ҵ壬˵Ҵţһ綼ģǵã书ߣ
书ʲôģȴҲٟͬR岻
󳤹ŶҲǷġ
һϳдݻһҴŸճš
Ĵ̿
һӦԱٟRʹǹһǳԶȥˡ
󳤹ɩ۲ᣬЦŷɩݣ˵һ갢ӱǳԣһ߾С£˵ҵǵģǳȺ˼һϲصġ
ӱЦкܶһѽ
󳤹ЩСģ֪ġ
֣̫ǹҺӣȴǶŮ鳤ӣЦ͸˻ˣ߶߶ޡ
͵ľ񣬲ۼҹ˳᳤һٟR
ٟRУмʮ񣬵ãٟRԼͬչＸˣٟRߵĹҲЩǽε͡
ֻһෳգ׳꣬Ҳδ˳ٟRٟR۫һֱ³ݡȰӻȥӼֲϡ
ٟR۫ӵļֻ֣Ҫɵӣ϶ء
ȻٟRССΡͻص۶
СٟR꣬ȥ졣
º͵˫ҲЦ⡣׼ǶԹµˬһЩеľ㵡
̰ңٟRԭ£
ռôⲻ˰ȨӻӵԺöȣһ֮֬࣬ǰŴӦͲˣ
ҪٟRĲ˲Ҳóš
ΪְǻӦΣ
˵Ѿȥֱûȥ֣ȥҲȥ
ռλãΣ
۫Ӵ֣ദˣ˴ȥһһԭ
Ϊ˶֣ĺԣ
ٟRг̲ٵУЪɽй
йյõ֪ͨýӼ׼
ʳȻ޷빬ȣɽɽЩҰζӣ׼Ҳȫ
ٟRиĸϸĽԼռţԼйסԺһǳƯͩһ磬ҶӾͻ
йԵҰӣζ
ȻҲĸһҪ۫
һ죬ٟR·羰ʵ羰ҲɽɽˮˮũԼ·ԵľշɹȸԼƮŵƶ䡣
羰Ѱ򵼺á
ֱ֪·ţ򣬶˵ͷͷǵеزʳɫԼ飬ɽٟRȦʱ־ڿл
ٟRóϷѧڳҲһ
¹곤꣬ʱѧҲΣȻ֪һЩҲԸС˵С۳羴һЩĳŮ¶е㽾ɫľżʮûࡣ
ٟR˵֪Ҳ֪ļҺļԹɣ
ʣ֪޲ԡ
ϷЦޱȰģٟR̹ǵϣҲΰɡ

һʱ䣬²μӽӷô
ǵһԶУٰ֣ͦϲμ;ԱŵĽӷ硣ָ͸ˡ
ҿǶǧƪһɣΪȡ밲˵˵ǵʳźãˡ


300 ֮һ



ĵ 
ٟRȡ;,ʱڵ֮ǰĿҵ׼ϡ
ֺѧͷ죬ΪҪѧʲôҪ׼ЩѾƻҲװ,ǲװļ,Ǻĸ㣬
־ȷֱӵĿ,׼ǰУ˲Ϊȡ
뿵߶߶߶߶ĸһ߶߶,ð,ҲϹĳڡ
ܳΪ,һλ̶ǵ֣,֣ͳ̳֣ϡоңԼҡ
ԼҾôٟRʡ
鷢δ,ܳ塣˵ңǰ϶мӵΪٵĺϵش塣߰,Լ峤Լֱϵմ,Ŀƿǳ볼ͬƣλжߡ,ϲΪ٣ںִһԻؼҵ峤֮ʴǹˡ
ٟR,Ǵ,Ȼͷֳ,Ϊβֳ峤
,ʱԼҵճѾ,ι١ʵǸԼ峤ڻ,ؼӲǰ峤峤֮λԼ峤
ٟRĿɿڴչＸҲ·֮£һ˼ģ
ٟRʣʱԼҷʲôô
ʲô¶ûУܾ͵ϼҡ
Ǹ˰ٟRʣԼҳԸõܵ峤ô˵峤ǳӡ
ǵԼҳԸ⣬ԼҲϲءЩԼ˲Ųϣ޵۶߹٣˽ʿίʵ˲١
峤ǻϼ˲ˡʷ˵ҲǸԼĵ峤
ʷĻ룬һ峤ֻǰںԺʱ߹ǵѧʿ͸ѧʿѧʿ飬ѧʿԼˡ
ȻԼߣѵǸ峤һǧֻСЬúһ
¶Ц⣬Լİ취ɡ
˵壬϶˿ڶ࣬һλǿɵ峤ǵϼҵ棬ٵҲܰġذնġ
ס
ٟR˵£嶼ϲڡΪи߹٣ԼҲδڣɼҵȷһ㡣
ٟRڹг󣬶ңʼҶѪͳüأмϸĹٟR˽ףʣʲôڣ
ǰͬ壬ʶˣһ׷ݣԭ˰ǰһڡȻҡͽڡ
ٟR۽硣
֮ͬΪ׽һ
۾𣬡˵ʱԼ峤ԭ֮⡣»û죬ͱ峤ؼ峤֮λˡеʿҲٳִ£峤һۻ˾䡮ƨ¡Ȼ¾ͳûˡ
ٟRĹЦչＸҲЦ
ٟRʣ࣬㾹Ȼ峤۵¶֪һ졣
ǫѷ峤顣ǰںһԲϾͻ磬Ȼ󻥷ۣ˾˭۷ĺá
ٟRһЦ
Цٟ꣬RʣΪʲôûһڳأ
£䲻Ψһ;٣ҲֻǺԺʱһ𣬺ֽҵͷɵŸطȥˡϺ
ҲǡٟRҲ⡣
ٟRҿԮ߲ͷͱȥˣ˹ԱشҲг
Ȼ
ٟRȤ˵˵ҡ
ң̶֣Ҳᣬ¶֪֣Ǻϵһ壬ӹɵġҡ佫ңһ峤ɣδرܳӵܡʷǣ˵˶йء
⻹ϡӥϣǶ˼塣˾ܹܣ¿϶졣
ԭܹܼҡ˵Ҫҽһׯ£һûüġ
΢Цżӵܶ˾߻ʼҡ˾ְһϣżұȻҪ밲ġ
ӥӵְ̫̣ӵдƬƥ⣬ռɡ
ֻƥôҲϡ棬ڶǴ̼֣ǰеġϵˣ񣬱֮
ѣУһأ⡣
ٟRͷҲ⡣
ǰܣٟRиеףʣǺϹԱأҪЩԱ
˽ӼݹԱѲʹ֪һЩͽ׹ԱȫܲܵõԵһλӥ֪شˡǹٳǰǱµ֮һʱ飬ε׸ʩΪط١
ӴɶһӴ׸Ϊ֪ٟRп˵
ʵչＸ˶ӰӰ´˵һЩֻǣ඼û취ٟͬR¡ɵ˵һ˭Ҳܱ֤Ͳʧһᱻʹصġ
λش°ٟRʡ
ʩ
أ
£׸ĳ鲻һ׸ҪʩĴ󳼡ʩȷͬʱָӹ˷սҲͽ޹
ٟRŶһͷ˵˵ء
ƩѧĹѧشóѧö񡣡
Ϊʲô
ΪҪؿƾ١ѧԹٻӵܣЩӼԺգƾٲУҲз١ʱڹѧ½飬Ժѱ˽Ϊ̡شΪӦһͬʣԿƾٽ
뷨伫ЩҲĵڡʵ޷ģٻӵԭȻļơûйѧƾɽĹϵһʾɱ鲼ٳٟRҲΪžʹУٻ¾ʹ䡣ⲻǹٳ⣬⡣
ȻЩ棬»ôأ
ңٟR۾ӳ룬ҵĻҸϲ̹ˡҲǺŻǹٻ³ʦǺţ壬ʷʦ֮ңѫ󣬰佫塣Ҳ̫ЩҵĵҾҾǻʵҵԸЧ־ͬϵĳӣȻһ¡
ѧ£˵϶ԴңҲֱһ͸ѧǸѧƵġҵĻȽһ۶Ժɽʺõѧ޹񡣰ԺһȻһ˥˵ٻ֮Ϣͨ˭Ҳɵ˭ǰѺԺ͡ϼ꣬ѧˣּóȻС
ٟRһǿƣѧ˿ѧ¹̫ϣٟRһŲǰ۫Ӵӻص۶¡û뵽ػ͵
ڶ£ڵȷࡣٟR˵
ףҲʱش˵ʩ
ʵ֮顣ٟRЦЦͺñҺͰǣǽãԺ˶Ůӵ˵ͣҪƾٲɡƾ˽ܲ뷨ӸŪٶ
¶˵ģ⡣ٟRЦģЦ
̫࣬ͻἷռƾٹԱλӡٳԲ㣬ֱ׶ˡ
ǰƶˡٟRʵƾپΪ˴ƹԹٳ¢ϣΪ͢µˮ²ɹҲˡ
û뵽ٟRƽΪ˼ֱر
ٟRλΪӥɽ֪شҲʧȥ£º棬Թٳ̬ȺԲڡٟRϲڼҵֶΡ


301 һ



ĵһ 
ǰ,ٟRһиսϾ˾ܹܹܵļѾڽ籮߶ӭӹˡ
ǻԶԶٟR˵
,С˾Ͻ¹ϻׯ,ǵ¼ҳ˵¼ٺϣСȻҪԶԶӭӡ
ٟRҽ,ʣܹʲôˣ
ܹǼ֡ҲǧС,СһҪ̵¡
ٟRò,ȷܹЩ
˾ȷ׽,ٟR߻м,ʣǶ˭
λׯͷ,ǻׯģУй,ԼׯͷĶӡׯͷ,ҲʮͷҲСʮꡣ
ٟR,ϻׯΣ
ׯͷȪׯ,⽼ׯ԰˴,ǿաС,׼һˡ
Ҳûӵ¡εض,軧˿ڿ
ׯӵҹ¶ڵضɥ,軧˰ʮˡСİŹظ˸,Űˡÿ˰軧ÿ˶ʮǸҶѡһλӵܵׯıʹׯͷŵһˣҲ˴ҩׯϳڼš
ٟR΢΢ףΣ
޴󰭣뿪Զض궼û
鲻СׯаæԮô
ˡׯͷǿׯҲʧĵ軧ܷŲܡСԴȥġ
ׯͷϵĳӴһ̣ûаһ￪Ǿ֡
ׯͷһס㱵ģ
Źü䣬²ˡҸɣҾȰҵǵȻȾׯĵ軧ҲһܱˡҵȻ󣬿ׯֶйٸˡ
˳ƽָׯҵ⸮˾أӳƽָʳãʧ
ׯͷǿ̷ŭٟR£Ǳ˼ʧׯʳԭǴŴ۸ʱģǺӣƽָĶǾһһԶȥʷ̨Ķǳ͢ԱֱǶҲʳֱ
ٟRﶼЦˣһ˵˵˭ʳ
ׯͷ̸״ěʷ
Ŷѽ֪ٟRʣǵʧ٣
ʳӡпׯһճɡʮסׯͷ
֣ҲûӡٟRׯͷ֪㾡ˣĺܺã
ׯͷʱжȦһ졣
ŹҲ΢Ц
ׯͷݺݵĳһӣٟR˵˾ͺãСпɽˣ¿ɵüţʧʳҪ
ҲҪ򣬿ջܰѳƽֵʳǾˡ鲻ᰡǶˣ͢Ѿ˰ʥּɰһôأٟR˵ķᣬյأȥˣĶ졣
ٟR̾˿ׯͷׯͷҲһ̾ǰ
ŹӳƵڵǰ罫ȪׯׯʳЩɱ˵ĳ⸮һЩҲþȼƶա
ׯͷĿһݣպݴһǡֻǵŵµܼСӡׯͷĸٟR˵£ʧͦġ
ٟRЦǲˣ㸸Ӷ˲һȥɡ
ׯͷʱϲϱȭ񣬡ǣ
żѾճլӭӹ£ٟRҲ˳סżҡʶҲżҡ
ż˶˾ְԹ͢˽ԶͨԱ֮ϡٟRһ·ЩԱ밲һϾͳĲᡣ
Ů죬ԱԼ鹫Ůأ
Ǹ⡣
Ա׼ƾ١
żҶԣȫΪѡһӳŮһ밲ϼҵĴ峤۶峤˵·ˣŮһԳţ¸·еĳˡ˵󳼣¶ԹҲܲμۣȥѡҲ졣
ԣΪҷе˾壬żҵҲתΪšŮڶĳˡҴǹµƽʱߵ۶Ůǵ鵥
ǵģܹ˾Ϣͨʱʱ¼þʹͻϼңϼҵĺһŹ¶顣
ܹܵĻϣǶѧϰѧһҲʶ
֪մżҵĹ⣬ŮһͬΰݣҲһһ˵ķְʳٟRǵ֪һаãδܿӰ졣ǱէȻ֣ӵ⸮Ԯ飬ƽ֧Ԯʮҩֳﱸҩһȥ֧Ԯ
Ҳˡ
ͬΪ٣飬Եֻ֪ǳСƶ񤣬ٶҲûС̷ǳ壬˿ʳ˵Ͱž֡Ż֪
Ȼ̡ٟRʣ̿ڣ
֪ûϵҪ̣ݵ΢֪Ҫټδǰ
ҲˣͰˡٟRһҳǰǹҪһǡ
֪æӦ¡
ٟR֪˵ףֻһŮҹŮˣƽʱڼкǴ
֪ϸЦݣϥֻһŮƽʱҽ顣ο֣ȥæչ˻ⲻȥׯŮӡҵԺдҽ飬ڼ쿴顣
ŮЩֵĶԸ˵Ҵɡܲ˼ĸ½ͣС
ٟR˵ûСٟR
ͱٟRԳԼǼ̬󷽣һЦR¡
ٟRʣֿʲô
ɿף֪Ϊϲֱ߽࣬η과У벻۶Ůǵһ֡
ֺáٟR˸á
ɵˣԭҽ߱֡ŮԶЩȻԹۡ
ٟR˵вҽ飬֪سңҽ㵽Ĳ¥ϲģ泭һߡ
ɴϲл¡
֪̫̫ΪŮˣȻ󣬻ׯͷĹӣλڸǰЦԵ꣬ʱҲ¶Ļϲżдɬñ׾˵˾䣬Ӣҽ
ٟR֣۾ҲϹŹպģȴŮ¶֮飬Ǻʵڵ˾䣬ôôˣJ
ഽһ̡
ׯͷûǺ˾ơ
Źӵˣګګ˵˾䣬Ȳȡ
չԭڹ󷽵λӣ״ǰڹʣֻ˵£Źʶǰɬ죬ȡ
ٟR̬󷽵СС˵ҿﲻŹӵģ
չ΢΢ף²Ҫ˵ơ
ٟR֪ˡ
ٟR⣬֪һ˵ض飬Ƕ֮ȥ֪Ͳô
֪ǳ鴤˶ٷ˵ﻰźҫųŮһǧģɳţһġΪйԱһŮѧҽҽߵһֹȥβأ
֪һβɼƽҲءʱ߹ٟRҲ֮顣
ٟRǵ顢֮ࡣ֪˵¸أͷͷǵɼƽʱġ
֮һ



ĵ 
żҲ׼˸,ǵҡ
ٟRһŶˣֻ֪ȹԱһ˵֪ܵء´ѲӺ,һϾԸȡ,ǵϻڸ֪Լδ,ͬϵǣ֪ΪعԱ,ϣ͢Ժء
,ǵλλżҡٟRźǰټ,֪˵,ǶǺʺ̼֣֡ƽȥ˵ڵذ֡
λ̼־Сط,ֱζû뵽ܵµټ¿ʺ񣬼˶ʱֽŴ֪Ǻáͷλͷ׵,λ,Ͱ͵˵,СǸã,ġ
ѽ,ɲܽй֪,ǰȥ,ͽǿˡǴǵԼ¿,¿Ÿʹ,Ĳµġ
ٟRͷ׵̣ôͣô·Ϻɣ
͵ɫһֵܻ̿Ļش𣬡СĳӣʱСڼҰٳ֡
ٟR֪͵ĶǶңûٟRѺݵô
͵̴СǳӾš
̼ҲֶȥģҲֻûٟRǲܽʣᶫԼѺȥġ
ٟR㽫˶ٟRе˵˻ǵʱǵΡ
Ǿֵļ£෿ᶼˣǰŰ˲ߵˣ͵ҽҩľ㡣
ÿ춼һ˾ʱЩһһҩ
ţǾˣЪ˼գͣ˾ͼˡ
ȹģҲûȹġ
⸮Ĵ˵ѰСӵ˾ǮʹóķáʳǮСǵתԺ⣬ˡǿСûҪ
ǰû¶޷ǾͳЩ֣ܴһ˭֡
˵أǸ˵ͬϵ
ˡٟR˵꣬ɫ֣صʱ϶˵ĸࡣǾ˺ܶˣиΪΪηաĳİնеϲáϣԺƷԾΪˣΪֱ̼ʡ
ȻٟR˸ƥϻи㣬ˡ
ٟṚҲӭ׼
ѴתõķʷĴſǴСԱԼʿ𣬺ڳ⣬ȴ¼١
ٟRҲδǰڳọ̈̄ڷﳵ֮ϡ
׵Ľ࣬Źķ˸ųɫĹâ
ӭݶΪ׵ȻȿµųȻ󣬷ʷĿ࣬վڷʷϵǷ̾һЦ̾鴫۽磡
ɡ֮һװĹ֣װͬ·ȿıҲչŮӵΡֻѰˣʱ϶ԵӢˬڲͬ
صĳֻܷʷܼм¼ǰŮˡ
˼ŮҲʼ顢ţδεȻɷ硣УȻй棬һ㹬˶ǲڷﳵǰ··ģǵһ⡣
ʷһۣ
Ӻ⣬аŪһ̵֧ѣǰʾ⣬ȥӭһӭ°ɡ
ʷʵվţһͷҲҪɢˣ
Ӵһ̣һԴģŷﳵԶֱͣפǰʷǰ밲ٟRڣϹ
ﳵǰУǰӭ˽βﳵ֮
˳УҪ֣׼ΧٟۡRûϰߣȴ֪أһǴʰΧۡ
ǹʣǽ֡
ͷάΰվڽϣܿ´Ѳӿֺ֡ĿעһµĻµ̸ʡ
ٟRӳľ֧ŵķݣеؽᣬԼ¿Ӫҵĵ̣վΧ۵İա
ֱӽѲ
ٟR£ٴν˵ʽ
ʷŵعԱ˴ŵʿ밲
ٟRʷܹ࣬ĵʷʷˣ
ʷѴãл¹ػ
ǾͺáٟRģһ·͵ķʷû̫ˡǳжʹæҲҪ塣ֻҪӺãԺɶٲʹûС
ʷܹеĹģҲһůǡǰҲǲ񣬳Ѻˡ
ȻٟRˣһԼҡ
ԫ
ٟR˼֣ٿһۣԼ۸ֵòһ˫䷼ѩ׼ߴǻʡʿ𣬿ǵʿǵʿ𣬼ֱ֮
ٟRеĲţ峤ο飬ģƽȹ䣬ȴǹ֮ġЩʿǿ֮ҡ
лޣǲӦġ
˵׻ٟRֻʷԫ˶ݽ¡
һ峡ٟRԫ峤ĸࡢʦͬƣ
ԫ΢΢һЦ۽ü¶Щ˵ĵ⣬ɫԵϱ٬˲
ǡͬ䡣
ҵġ㿴ֱʦǵֶٟR̾Ҳ̫ˣŷ·ʮˡ
ԫϵЦһ
෽ʷЦʷ˵˾䣬ɲôһسţ˶ΪҶӡ
ԫҲЦˣȴǸЦġĶԷʷ˸ĴۣռұˡԳڣǷҲһֲ١
ʷݣ¸ϢٴЩ񲻳١ôҲʿؽˣ
ҵؽϣȸߵһñ
⻰賯дԱ֮ӡ
ʵ
ٟRһԻ֪ʷǷծضСǴ˵ЩǸɵáرáر֮Ļͻص۶ġ
û뵽Ȼծ⣬˵ʷôͨӭݵҲƯԭǷ˾޶ծ񡣡
ʷѵ飬ʱҲǲѡһΪգ򡭡бԫһۣ˽»
ԫ¶ˮǳЦȭһ񣬡ǲ񲻴ŷ˵˽»ˡ£иˡзԸʱȴ١
Ȼ¡


303 ֮һ



ĵ 
װһ޿κ,ٟRʵһϷ˷ܸУӴۣ߰鷳ķʷ,Ȼˣ
Ĳᣡ
ٟRС۶,»ʷ̨üص¶ģ
ʷп˵ʹ졣
ٟRֵչＸȥ,࣬ʷʷ,ô£
¶˵ͻ,ʷ򵥵˵,Ҫ,ãгƽǱ߶,Ҳиʳ֮⣬ҩĵĹӦֵҩԶ,ٸҩġ
ٟRɫͷ,ǶԵġûдҩģ߲Ҳôѹȥ
ʷ֮,ֺ԰յľȼáˣ,ʳˡѰ,൱ڼҵûˡٸ,Ůˡ
ٟR,Ǻôˣ
ʷ˵,ʱ,ԫҳ˸⡣
ٟRɴ۾ʷɫӼֱǰ޽ӣ˵շŽһӣϢ֮ڻ塣
ٟR࣬ô붼ǸһĺⰡڵ۶¹۷ŴҪġ
Ҳ˵ͷȷĽ顣
ʷףǰͳƵְյĻյԸΪ˷ֹùϢְյĽơ
ٟR˵ȫġ
һĨЦȥ
ʷҧţǵķһҹ֮䱩𣬸صʳڡľġשʯԼӿ뿪ķе̡ҪҪڸأҪľשʯᣬҪԤӡ
ٟRȻƣⷨֲʱ򣬽֣
ʷҧĿ죬Ӷ£һǽճɶ̼ҵǮô
ٟR˼Ƭ̣ʷʷμ۸ô
Ҳʷܳμ۸ȻעһʯǮǮ֡ˡμÿһ塣
ЩڡľġשʯӣҲ۸񡣡ٟR˼Ҽ۸ʷûռ䣬һģ
ٟRҲ°ļʷʷŴ˶ӳȥ
ʷаҩĻжʮ򡣡
Ҳǲ಻ٵӡٟRһĥ֪⸮òôǽģ
ʷͷ
ĴŵӰɣܲǮ
ʿճġ
ٟRˣЦǽӸ㣬Ȼ⿪СС̰ľİӰڰƴǵ⡣
ʷһı顣
ٟRЦһ󣬡˭ƵģԫƵôŰ
ʷûնడô֡ûȼ˰գһȺʿǳ֮
Ҿ¶ŲٟR˵ʷ峤Ҳͬôǹϵźܺã
ʷ·ȵʺףôܸǻ˶ͬƣһ졣
಻һ䣬ںʿʱʷںޡǵõʱϷԫˡʱӵܣҲܺ棬ôȡ
ʷһ̾Ҳʶ˲
ʷǸϵĸԣԫʿҵϼˣԫ鲢ʵϲԫΪˡ
ʷ԰Ϊϣʶյ⣬Ϊֵ£ԫЩ졣
˹ϵתҲھֹУʷÿѲӣηΣգϳˡʱʱС𣬷ʷѲʩʱȻضʩԼ裬ԫҲڣʱԫһƾͽʷƳ⣬ȻԼѹ¡
ֻ˸첲޴󰭡
˵ԫ˷ʷ
ʷȥлʱԫһ߷һ˵ҪˣһǧҲ࿴һ۵ġһֳƿģΪ˿ĸףֻˣõлֲΪ㡣
ʷʱһƬι˹
Դˣ˹ϵ׽Ҳǡ
Լǵʿ֮ףǳкʷżᣬҲƫգȴҲǲˡټԫĸ»Լֶ飬ʱ޳óԼұԺռá
һж÷ʷΪԫƷԻǲġ
Ȼ󣬵ʷֺؽʱԫ͸˸⡣
ʷǰӣҲûóΪר֧ģ㶼ǷƱƱľĵľƱƱӣƱȥʳľġȻ̼ƱŽ㡣
ٟR˼ʲôʱӣ
պҪɣعٸһɰ룬͢һɰ롣ʷպ󣬰Ҫһɡǵ֣ծȫøóеĳе𡣳룬︮͢÷ֵһЩʹˡ
⵹޷ٟRĦգ̼ڳʳľĳڳӣĳһҪҧ˵ʲô
ʷҪ񣬾ʵЩ٣һٶʮͷҲǮִѸǰ׬Щأ
Ҫº̺Ŷ㣬ʹ˼Ǯܳ˼ҲصѽּۻۣôٟR˵ʷ̬Ⱥõǲǣ
ʷʮּթ
¶Ǽ£ֻ뻹ûٟRܽᣬû¶Ҳ𷢳ⲻҺôһ뷨ӡûӣѵܽ͢аӸš
ʷȸ߹٣ҲþûӡǾţŸ͢ծⲻȥ
ٟRͬҿ峤ؽϵˡ
°ͣʷʷô
ʷ춼ûڶ֡
ӣٟRˡٟRߴٵ˵ǲ֢ܶҩȻȫ֪ôʷ峤¶ġ
ͰΣʷ˵ˣ¶˵Ǹ뿵ǽˣ
ٟRʦԶüأô㰡
ʷĲᣬǰһԼҵң˵Լǿ壬ҹҪõشЭ
⻰ûٟRҲӲʿˡ
ʷһ̾ĸ˵ԫиëش档
ٟRɲ⣬ôˣ
ĿɿڴЦϷӦ֪뿵ԫһ򰮰죬ô뿵һ˵ˣ
Ҿ֪죬Ҳŵģ˽ԷĿ϶Ƕְʷûסһ顣
ٟRп⵱ϵҲԩ
ʷһƣ㲻õʱֶѣûٴûʥͣǲܿƽ֡ոյض·٣ͷʳҲ˲ܿŰնҾ͸ʿǾЩʳʿҲЩЩҲŲ˼죬ҾЩ
ٟR衱֣ʣԼȥ衯ˣ
ʷδϣٟRʾ⣬¼ȨҲû취ѵȥ˼Ҵˣ
һ˳ԼҾ˵ӡʷԼΪн֪ͣģܵӲܰ¡
ٟRľˣȻʦĴµ¶
ʷԴð̣Ҳ֪뿵ôң
ٟRԲ˫漫ˣҳʲôˣ
±ˣǲ֮ʷ˵ڡ
ʷֱ޷Լ飬ĳĸٟR˵ܾ뿵Ǻˣɻˡǿɺ޵ĵطǲ֪
ٟRҲţʦ¶ģ


304 ֮һ



ĵ 
ٟRΪѷʷһ,˭зʷǰѰ鷳ʷݺòٟR뷽ʷ,·ʷ㲻ز,Ȼ֪ˣ졣
ʷǳ,ң,ĵ˵,¿ˣҪ֮,ֻܷԸ
Ҹ֪¶,⡣²ǵαҺҪãп,ľͷһˡٟR˵ſࡣ
ףǰ᲻Щ
ٟR֪,С㶼,һ˵˵⣬ʷǳԼ,ڶʿļң
֣ҡ֣漮̶,ڿ֣֧,˲ܶࡣ
šҪ΢,Ѳ֪аʹ,,ȫװ,һٷĹ峤֣˳һЩ͹ˡ
ҪȥĶǷҪǰ׼
㿴оٟRѺϵͼ׼һݣֵľЩǽ
̾СʷѵһأԶҪҪϢٸ
ٟRлصͬ˵ҵүϲԿۣʷע⵽ֱˮû˵Ϻȵ¶
ʷֱӸˣǸӣ¼¡
Ц¿Цġˮкȵġǳиˣʱ١
ٟRЦһǣϹ޷ȥˡ
ò˵һʷһ
ͬãһϵֵ˵ʷʹһ·ΣΪǴ¹
׷ʷָǶôõĵط˽Ļᡣɣֻһλӣʮڸô˿ա
ʷһ̾ԭڸΪ࣬ȻǹڸڸǾͬ³еġǣ֮ǵ£˵ڸ˵£׸ѲӺϡ
ڻӶԣѲӵطĻǼѵõġ
̾һʷʣôǹ£ԭ룬ݴ²ܳУҲ۫
ͷһӦúõģڶͲˡ
ʷƿڴзģ¶أмӶرµģ
ɡ˵¶ǳǵʱ۫׺ͷҪֱýθӻص۶ˡ
ʷ˹ȻʮֽûסҲĺô
ҲǴһ̡
һʱʷʷҪĵͼڡ
ٟRʱ˱һͬȥʷֵľչＸҲٟRϣͷβ
ٟRѲһõġ
ʽӰʼ
ǰٟRЩ峤ҵ鱨ʷ̫̫ǸʮͨͻݸˣҲ̵̫̫֪ʶԹҲǸùǰ˲ŮԹ쿪ǵĸˣӷҩģչ˲ˣ˴æ
ʷпҲ֣峤ôܿ˵Щŵ㣬ԹԻЩġ
ٟRĵ⻰˵ģҲϷǰ㿪׿ʷôɸֳӲĹִͷģ
ԱʿǶӶŮˣǴ󸮳ǣʶѲĿĻӳ·ٟRŵʽһһ
ϹԱҲͷһزμֹÿͬҵᣬ¹ϰϰߣ˵ǵ۶·С
Ҷ¶ģһɫ
ЯŮˣȸ밲
ҶʷѲʹ֪֪ͨͬѧѲʷ
ʿԼҴͷ峤ĻòҹɫԻ֣̫̫֮òЩ峤ԱȵԵʡ̫̫ǼʮĸˣէһۣůĻ㣬ֻҪܸͣܵеůҷվòڵһ˫Ů
Թò·丸˸Ӱ
ǣ峤òȻʮ㿡ȴ˿Ů
òԹϣƽŮӳɻԣ˳ޡ
Թǳòվڸ֮ϣͲˡ
峤ʱ̲ɷĿȸٟR̫̫ͬһֱ棬峤ĵķʲôи˲𡣡
̫̫һЦ˵ˣˡ񲻹ѰˣڷԣմȾĹԡ
峤һ⵽ҪģٟRЦʣ峤ô
峤͵һۣһǼҵ£˵㡣
ٟRֱЦ峤ûκηۣĺᰡ뿵ŮӡʼҵĹ¡
ԹüۺЦŸĸһԹ죬ٟRʣԹӶͣѾô
ԹӶصѧʮ꣬վͲμݸ١
ٟRףȻ丸ӡϣڴʱ֡
ǡѧزԹĻش
һλӡ
ٟRʹԹԹʮˣռǡ
ٟRʣƽʱڼҶʲôǴ
ѧϰвҵѲӵ̡ׯ԰֮ࡣԺĿҲҹܡһۻᡣ
п㵽һ˵˵
ǡŮȺ١
ٟRԼ˺׽֣Ҳ
֣ҹһλӣڳ֣ҵ巿֧֣ʷԽ֣ڴ˴ξо˶ʳҩģԼ˳һֵ¡
ٟRδû֣һص۶һ˾˵ġ
֣ǫѷܹⶼǲӦġȻŪ׹˵Ĵ˾ָ˭
ٟRӪһݸ˾֣һڶ顣ҲֺԮٟR˵СӣΪ㻹ڶ飬Ҳһ顣
֣ѧɽǣһæ
ٟR̾ʦиͽ
֣ԲԵǷǡ
⻹лҩֵĴ򣬴ӹԺС̫ҽ
ٟRλһһÿ˶˵˼仰
Ϲ˾һһҷϣʷ;ٟRҪҪϢٟRⲻ󣬾ֱһȫ꣬෽ʷкȥˡ
ߺ󣬳ԸŹ˳˵Ĳ㡣ȵ油ЩЪһЪ
ҵûáٟRӹˮڣкϹ˾һЩ
ع棬ϹðɣǶȻȥõġ»С̫ء
ǰ˾һ԰¶ȣݸٟRʳã³
ٟR˴ѰкüģЪϢƬ̣ʱٟRʹʽСȹɹ̷Źȥˡ
һ¼ݵ׷ݣλһ밲
ٟRŮʼν룬ʼϲˡ
˾ǽɫעŷĽյڣϹյ蹫¡ٟRžյ
ưٟRб෽ࡢʷĹԱʿҲ׷׾ٱ
ٟRСչʮȻӽͬҪһЩǸССŮǹٟRһϣȥЦɨȫʱ˶Цɵ̬Ѹٱ֣ء
ٟRɫշʡĸ֮Ѳӿ⣬ǵĵض飬ĸʱ޿̲ǹġһ·Ҳдһƣⳡȥİաϲֶô;ܳԾشϲԣ֮ŮݣԸⳡֵİհȻ
˵ţһյƽڽ¡
ڶյƣǰֵĴһǷÿһʱֺİաɳÿһƥֺʱĴݳȻƽϢǾÿһʳÿһҩݣʱЩܵ벡ʹĥĸס
ÿһˡԱʿҽߡɽѧӣԼÿһֺûֵİգǴӵķ¾ȳÿһˣǵᣬ԰ϢڣǰǶδ԰ܡ
ϵĵ·ѾָͨУķҲؽ֮Уٻļ԰ҲλЭµʧȥĸĹ¶ʧȥŮá
һУ鹦λ¾ͬ£
Ըлǣ
Эǣ
һƣʡĸ۶ĳ͢λ
ʧȥ˺ܶˣǾ˸ˣ
ͬ˱
ٟR֣صĿɨڳÿһˣҵĿٟRĿӴʱͻ̺֣ܵл⡣
ƽ˽ˣ˼ʻⳡոնȹȴַ·ѹʱĵһ˿ӵζ۵׶ӿһ޵ĸо
ĹԱʿ˵䡰ҵȷ֮𡱵ĿĬĬٱ빫ͬ
ơǹͬĿǣ
ӴԺ󣬹̩񰲣



305 ֮һ



ĵ 
Ⱦ,ڴ
ٟRҲŬƽԼ顣ɲ뽫ɸмʹᣬٟRŵ,һûʳ
ٟR־ı,˾̾
ȷʷĶӳڡ
Ⲣ˵ٟR̬ζ˹󣬻Ӧξ,ƿϣܴϢԼϲķΧ,ϣƿнС
ʵżȻҲɼһЩɬ,ⲢӰΧ
ҪĶ,Ѿڳÿ˽յˡ
峤,ǵ۶Ļʵ۱٣һйȷ緶
,һܾһôԹвĽʸס
峤ףһȥ
ԹЦŵͷ
ѲԼŸʷһ,෽ʷʾ,һ·۱ӵ۶¹뾴һ֪ϲʣ
ˡ
Ǹ߹Ѳʷ,ƽҲǵһβμɹֵᡣʺ,ո˵ȺǾ뾴һ,ʾϹ١
ʷüͷ,,ɲùˡ
Ц,빫Բƾˡѵȫ,Ҷ˲źá˵ԺԹȥȷϣù˲ˮʾǰ
ǰƣٟRЦոոֹʲôأ
ٟR̬ɣʷЩ¾ƣЩ֪룬ʶʾ뷽ˡ
ѵʷ̨׿ɿˣʱǷ˳̴ͷΡٟR˵Ц
£Ƿ˾ڱ߶ϡ
ô
ҪǾء
ٟR̾һɡԲԵҲס
ʷ
ٟRˮմʷһյٟRͣŬϷϳ̸ȥҿӴ
ʷСԹôġ
ĻٟRգ۾
ʷЦ¡
ѲϣٟR㲻ףξô¶Ϊܳȫ
¹ٶˡָ㣬ʿģġ
֪ǸǫѷˡԺ¾ͽˡ
ǡز
ֻǿʼͷβɲ١
Ȼ󣬰ʹϽ֪žҲǰơٟRЩֹı죬˭˵䡣
ԱǾ꣬ʿǹȥơ
֣ԭ峤һ峤Ҫ˽˵һ߶㡣
֣Īͻ¡
ȥȥȥҪܡ
֣ԺٲԵ˵
峤ٱǰǣδ˵ʲôЦһ䣬յüɣƽ¡Դ˾ףƽ˳졣
峤ͻȻȸˣЩϰߡ峤оƣٟRյ裬峤峤Ļӭݰ٣ǵʷԶǽա
ٟRɫ֣سֿһ𣬲ͿǵĽա
峤΢΢һЦδٶԣŸˡ
ʿ꣬ԹﵨӴǰƣٟRҲ߸˵ĳˡ
Թﾴֵ˵£ոս̫ˡپһյյ
߱ҹ״ԼǰСľһǰȥ˵
Сһߴߴģ˵ľ¡
ʿҵСǻԹ˻ҩֵİæԱҵĹҲûţǸĸȥʩæ
Ұŷš
ҿˡ಻̫ϡϡû
ǰһ࣬ҲҪЩҩΪʡҩģ
ǵġ֮ҩľͳˡ
Ұܵ˽Ǯȥˡ
ţҲ˺üΡ
·ô䣬˼ҷˣ·û
ҲеӱȽСĹ㣬ͣʼ˵͸ҿˡ
ԱʿǼЩɵۣԺżŮȷæ֣͹˲ʲô벻Сˡ
е׳͵ҲɳȥݰգҲڵضʧȥˡ
Ҷⳡиı˺ܶࡣ
Щ˼ؾûŮģδҲϧ֮СðѹŮҲܸ˵ϻء
֪ӻô֣ʱ̫̫һ𡢹Сһ𣬹Աʿһ𣬴һ̸˵Ц
ٟRϵİٴɶ˶ġ
ȻٟRչＸ˶ܸЩ̫̫ǣµİ۶ŹŮһ˾֮Ů
ʱֳվͱˣõĲˡŹŮҲŪзһ㣬̸Ц
ʷ˵ĶǾֵ¡
ʷΪپҲԹµֶαʾ̾üһɳĶǰ׵ĸ鱨̽Ӱ
ʷĥţͱ˹ȥ롣һͬȥĻ࣬˶ЩԺɶ£
ٟRֵʲô¶˰ɣ
෽ʷԳһһԱǴ꣬ʱ˭ûĿı죬ӸλҲ½ᶪĵʲô顣
ʷ⣬Ժ£
ٟRָһһϲյһЦ񣬡ǳˡ
ʷ֣ͷ뷽ʷϷǻûġ
ʷ˷ʧһŶЦˡˡû⡣Ҳǵһβμӹֵᣬ湫٣˾Ҫһʱˡ
Ц¶ãԷ⡣
ʷû
ٟRһ̣⻹ࡣһˣʷ
ʷƣôԴⲻƫô
˭ǰ鷳ҿɶġͦǳ
ʷ죬Ϊ˵ؽ󣬺οǹġ
˵ûؽټӷһ
ʷұ֤¿϶ҲǸûƵ¡ˣ׽Ūһ
ջͦͦйɵģզģ
ٟRʷԿһıƣЦþƲˣרϲʷԱӡ
ʷҲֻһģٺ٣¿϶֪ϷǺ


306 ֮һ



ĵ 
һ,˰ʼʱٟRЩɢȥʱ졣
ҹԲ,ٟRסһ,ҹɫ
һȦ߲»ɲѰܼľ¡
෽ʷ޺,ٟRͷࡢʷ,ҲȥЪ˰ɡҲҪˡ
෽ʷŮٹ,,ЩϢ,һ·Ȼˡ
ʵжΪٟRľͷ̾һ·Զ,֪ģ·ߵĲ죬ȴҲͣ뿪,ӼԱʿʷֺһϵе,ɵĶܺã˵֧ס
ɼƽʱϰ佡ǶԵġ
˵J
ؼʱ̻ǵã
෽ʷĿ͹һԶȥ,ҲȥϢˡ
ٟRҺ󣬹׼ϴ֮,ٟR,˱ֽ,øĸдġ
ٟRŵϰ,дš
,дֳ
ƽʱ絽·дƪ,ôųٟRһдʮƪӡݶԼģνǣνӼʿᣬпǵ״ԼٟRȤˣƩ峤
ʹ͸ɵĲһԿ䣬ǼֱԼдһ㡣
ٹٟRѾ˹зУֻǵԼ֪Լ
˾ǿˢһƪˢһƪд̾ҿ״Ԫ¶ûдĳ
ٟR⣬״ԪñȡҲижʵУͣͣ׻˵ǧԾˡ
ĸ̫ˡÿͳԷ˯⼸дһⶼûСԴһǣٟRͲһˣԼɳʶˡ˿ǣǸǣ͵Ŀԡ
һȥĸҸĸһ䡣ͲˣҲԶ³ȥơиʺͻٟ֡Rһ˱ɣһ߶߶˵ľǸʸˣĶȥ

ٟRǷͣ±ʣδ˵һ䣬ЩЩ㡣
ϹѲˡ
Ϲһ˿ͻȥ
ǣ·ġ
дţٟRݸ˯ˡ
һٟRȷˣϻСڶԳ١ͷʱһʻԼ峤͸µġ
ٟRͷһأƯĻɡ
ϴãҲˡٟR峤˵һл͵ĻҺϲ
ʷĿɿڴ峤СӾȻͻ
ȻչＸҲ׷峤л
ҼеĻãͬ͡峤һɷ棬ֱķʷۣ䷽ʷǸʶҲһգһ֧ûյģ
ƤļһⲻСϲô
Ҫ˵յĻǿǵڶʿ֣֣ʿ֣ڲҲлû뵽ͼλͣ
Եһһᰡ
ٟR˵Ҫһ緹ʴҶնӵš
ٟRҪȥͷԣĻ˵ҪصĿζ峤Ŀˣ֣Ҳ游Ͱᵽסˣǽܸصӡ
֣ӻѽҪȥͷţⰲȫôҪʲôôǺãҪСطζϹζǺã
ǣԴ˵ġ
峤üһ䣬¶ð죬óԵӿ̫ˡȥһصصӡ
ٟR±ӦˣʣԶԶҪǲԶ޴ȥ
߶ǹøۡ̽١
ٟR˵ҽ
ʷ䣬ƩЩ»ůơ峤ѵãҲġڲ䲻ȵģò˵»ܿһǵķ
˼
ٟRˣټûһ̬¡ӵģǣ
ʱɿһڿǵشˮ½֮طҪЩѼµĳݣԼӢˬĹˣʱŮųΪǹгŮˣ࿴ۡ
峿źϷҶӷ䡣峤һΪٟR⿪ǵķзֲ˹ڣǼı߶ǹۡı߶ӣı߶ǷУı߶פ
ı߶ĵضؽĵط̫࣬ȥƲŲ¡£ǽȥаɣǱ֣óԵĶҲࡣ
ð򵼡£ٟR۾·ϵˡŸֻĳɫæµĵ̣ӣ泩
غϴֵʺţнֻϸɫ̲УשߵĴ佻֯£ֳо
峤Ҵһ̡
ƹٶԶԶкһҾأڳƸ밲峤ٟRٟRһ̧֣ɴ˵Ҫ󣬡ض񡣸ѰſҪҳ㡣
峤ֵ㣬ǿϡ
Ȼ峤Ӹߣ΢΢ٟͬRܣһ¥֣¥á
һ¥λӲ࣬ȥ¥ɡ
Ҫһ¥ã˿ռӾǡ
ˡ˶ˡ
峤۾Цġ
¥Ҳ١
ٟRûλпáûطǻٵİɡ
峤ü۴ЦģƹȼˣһţͣԵȣеط
ͼƹһϿˣӭЩ꣬߹ԻҲ۳۶һƷʷ˶СŲͷһλǳһһүҲõͷͬС˵ֻҪϹɵҲµóλС˵ݣ
ҪйûԷˣ㿪ĵһѽΡ̵ͷô
ƹƬ̹ٴӣǹ¼ݵ׷ױȭעĿȥٟRЦеذ֣ˡ
ҼȾеܳнһˣӴЩĻƼǳ˵ʱڣ˼ζã
õġ
ˡ
ŵЩдݵǼԻǻرܰûˣǾͼ£
ָ޹ء
ڵļڣȷǳ˵ʱʵ˸մˮڳĺܡ
ҳ˸ʽϵļмǡʳɫСҲЩ
ٟR˳ϲĳ˼ͷһС棬ԵıǼðС˵ġ
ҡҲЩˡ
ٟR˵һţΪȥѲ㹫ţͦɹҲŹǸദˡǣûڼþ͵Ѳˡ
ԭǵϳԡ
򣬶ˡ
ǣҲζ
ٟRпǶʵˣǰڹʱܶ˶մԵġСʱΪǳԵٻ߲֪ڼҳԹŽġ
ãǳԷǳԷ
඼û⻰ҭš
ѲЩĽԭôûμӹء˵湫ţҲǴ
峤˵Ӳɣ
رáٟR߿ޡ
˵Ҫͷ㣬ҵһ뵽ľͷҡҸ֣Сʱ򾭳ԡ
֣ͷĳôѧζǲһߡ
ζҲ̫һٟRˬ˵óԾˡ
ٟR˵ҿ߷ݶ¾ɲΰ룬ضʱҲ𻵲٣ǵĹġǷӵשʯҪƵôשʯأ
峤ⱾȻûеģֺҲһЩõġµľǸĸġ
һӾֳɵôٟR֪˾ģð춫ǰһء
峤ͣͨ˴½·ˮ·ɳͨ
ԭˡٟRʣǴˮ·Ҫബɡûô
峤ΪٟRЩˮֻ輸СغӵѿҪؽҪשʯϢɢȥשʯǱӵˡ
ٟRЦⷨӺáשʯˣҲһˡ
Ȼ
ٟRҪ˿УλԽ仹δȫָֺؽڼҲһæµ
ֻҪæơ
ٟRŵһ롣
ڶգȥҩ֡׾ȥ˿֣ҩֳ˴׾¶˵ĵط
졢ȥĶǵضصĽСЩ᳹ױٵİգڷӸǵôˣסʲôط
һʱ䣬Ƕ̸΢˽ȤšļҵԵʲôȵʲôˮԼʲôģε磬ûģбۡ
ң̶ʳʳѡ
һʱ䣬ֺݳ˲֡
Ȼ󣬵ţٟR߿ԩġһȺ˹ǰߵĻ׮ڰ참ٟRͦ졣
˵Ǵͷģ˵ǿ࣬Сһʱİ˴£С֤ݣݼԼ¡ʱԼġһ֣鱻ص£Ҳˡ
ٟRһţɨЩˣдɾģҲòֲʵͽģǰĶ䡣
ٟRĽëѸٵգһ£ȻƽռЩ˵ЦȻʧˡ̬ͬתΪһֵڸ෽ʷͷһоֱ̫ˡ
ٟRͷ˵Ļһ飬˵Ͷ֤Ҳˣ˼ɣ
ߵͷӢ
û¶ٟRػοˣҲͰҲİ졣뷽ʷû֤ݵģ֤ݶ˵ģһΪԼ߿ĵɼ⡣ģ͢ҲԿͰԼ˵ģ汲ءҪˣ֡ˣӽ֡ҪûӣŮ֣ҲǿԵġ˲ǰһġ
أͲСǵѽ
ĸȨԶǡͬʱиô룬ԺǼ˰ܼҲ°ܼˣǲǣĶôء
ٟRһ˼Ҽܼӵ¶ǵˡٟR뷽ʷɣ졣
ʷǡ
ʾ½˴ȥ
Щ˾Ȼߣ۵Ŀͷڳƣˡذɣ￪ѵػǰɣ
ٟRޱĲͷˣǾΧƵѲô


307 ֮һһ



ĵ 
ٟRƳʮһ,ԺѲȻˣѲǻ,ô֪ġ
ٟRϲŭ,Ѳͬʱ͵һ۹µɫţҲϲŭ
Ȼ,ٟR峤Ǽһߡ
ҶܸоٟRȻ,,Ǽְгհŵ·ѲS
ֻࡢʷʷ˵
˾Ǹȥ⴩ĺ,ˮ,ٟRϴϴ֣ˮ,ʸʷǰѲô̸
ʷصǰѲӦ,ֻҪԼ֤ǩͶ,˽ҲϡҪ֪й֮,˽ٸǲϵġ
ٟR䷿ߴڲƻ,Ҫ,ԼܳʽҪһЩ˰䳣Ϊʡ˰,Ǳֻ˽,һ,ٸҪö
Ͷֹ֮,˽ҲΥҪˣ
ܵǰѲͣҵǰѲҲӦˣ
ֳ۶ӣ
ʷ£¶ǰѲӦûãͷ֣һֱæž֣ԼҰӾҸˡǰЩ֪ԼҼͷ˵ضС漰ӱѺƽ۶ţǾ벹˽ҲûضˡѰ˼ԼԵʣڡ
ٟRֵֽĽӽһҪá
ʷɫǡ
ȥһ£¿ʼ˶ԼҵĿʾһòͶ֤ݵģһɰ޴á
ǡ
УҼɤŴģʾĵԼء
ǡ
⣬ԼصİҲҪͣһ
ʷµģٟRͬ࣬°һǵг̡
ǡҲ롣ཨ飬²Ϣ죬һ¡
ٟR۾ǺЦһԴҷʱӡ
²裬Խ˷ٟRһḶ۵ġ
಻ٟRŬƽ飬ӹյʷʷʷںʲôʧ𣿡
ʷĻشֱӣûС
ٟRʣô
ʷ֪ĲᣬĳֻҪǼˣ롣
Ϊʲô
ʷһΪѣˡ޷뷨
ٟRȻЦ˳Цһ󣬷ͬλ󳼵ҽ챻ˡ
˵˳ʷҲЩ飬ɫԸƢɽѲӣķǳá
ӦҲʱȷӦý½ɺѲãƲסƢߵʱ׵õѡǽسӣΪиḻľ飬Լ׵ӦԣҲ˿ռ䡣
ٟRɫڻͣںҿô
ʷ˵໹пܣ֪Ϸҵģٲ˵һٻ
ƣһʲô˼
ʵʵ˵ʷٟR˵Ҳ滰
ȷϣʷܴ󡣡
ңʵѡ
ٟRתãλ̣εʱҲĵطɣ
˾¶һЩЦ⣬ʷ˲ٸԿ
ֲʶʱģʵͦʵطϡ
ٟRü⻹طϣ
ѾȴĴͣļ壬ǳò˵ġ
ʷûŭ£ƾԼûٸЩǰɽһ಻ͻᱻٸʰ
£ԱѰʿ鷳ͬʿҲҪع
Щ˵µȷطϡ֣ʿǿǲ۲žΣӵҲطӵܣǲӵġ
ٟRʣôֱ֣ۣ峤ɲֱĸԡ
ʷ޹ֱȷѡ񡣡
ٟR˵˶˽İɡ
ʷԼ¶һ˿Ц⣬ԡȷѡ˽ĵѡƩ糼ǵعԱ峤֮£̾ͻץסİѱԼҽдܱ֤ʱԼҸĴۣԶá
ಹһ䣬£ǵطʿĹϵܱ˴˳ɾͣҲ˴˽ȷǵˣҲѡ
Ҳй𹴽֮°ɣ
κκεطСʷʷٹ٣ľ˽ʬλز͡ξΪ˹Ա
ٟRɿЩ
ʷʣѲǱ߾ͻϢ´δã
ٟR룬Щŭǵɴá
ʷཻ񣬾ǻе㵣ĹֱӽȥԴ
շ£֣Щ硣ûԼңֱӸ峤ԼȥˡԼ鷿һӵǵﰦ̾ҿǽˣһ綼²ߡ
峤˵Ҳûӡ˭֪ǼǲǷˣӵĶ˴ʣЩûӵģɵ¶湻ġ
֣ʣô찡
峤֣ʲôϵѵ¶йأ
ޣ֣ĳڣɥ˵ºĺˣɨ¶
ֲʲô¡ʶ㣬ϵġ
Щҿǵͷˡ֣վȦǿʿɣ
ǲᡣеΣ
ңңôҲǺĽµġ
ÿͻ͹ʲô
֣
֣İһ£ңܲҲͻɡǲʰô
ԻһôˮҶƷ֮࣬峤֣ġզɶ͹ǰûô٣
ǿ٣ûǺƤ˵⡣֣峤ȻҲϲŹǸˣɵǰͱﲻˡ
֣Сһۣ֣ص˵һʺǿǵ׼һ͸ͺʹʱ˵ûȡùܿ͹۹Ŀǿʿ𡣡
Сһ˿峤һ̣иȭ񣬡ǣ֣ˡ


308 ֮һһһ



ĵ 
,ٟRյ֣
ˮܽҶԼʯӵٟRЩ,ö˶˵,֣ʲôԵʣʲô£J
ѵǸ飿
Ӧòᡣ
֣òҿңֲɵ
,һ忡壺
񰲡
ǿⶼϲ£Իӭµļ١
,
Ըǧƽ
֣
ٟR¶Ц,ԭ֣ǿղ,֣ò̸¶峤˵,ΪǵĵڶٟRй֮
,ȷˡ
˶̤ʵҿʡ
ٟR˾ǣ֣ô
˾ǵ֣峤ˡ
ǽ˵
峤һҫ۵,֣Ƕĺ,˸ͷ£Ҳ룬峤,ظоͲ֣ʱ·֣ΪƵġ
й,ٟR,ض
,ٟRЦ,Ѿˡ
峤üһ,Ҿ˵²µ,ƫģ߶ãֵĵľΡ
֣˵ͷһǿ⣬ǵģû¡ΪˣźܶԲס¡
ĵǹҲ¶һ˿ĵĻϲ̫ܲˡ
Ǹο˵ʵˡ
ٟRпͦϲλ֣𣬸۶֣ȫ֣ͬġٟR˵ʲôطôߵˡǰ𣿡
֣Ҳǽźܲ񻰵ġ
ǸҺˣ˵˻峤޴˹ҰŪѵǰһãԴһڸ˾һƵģܲ񻰣
֣ǺˣС˵ҿ֣Ҳһ֪ϼЩ¡
֪֪ģ̵ƣ峤ü˵峤ʲôǹ˵ôҪܲˣĵķڣѻȥܲкôͷһ¾ɶ֪ɣ
ٟR˽ⲻԭ峤Ҫµġ
Ȼ峤֮ڽһҡѰ˼һã˿ڶļ壬ٵģȻҪԼáҲУԼȥڣԴ˼ԲأԴҲ㡣ɼҪմĹ⣬ȻҪܼĹܡ
ٟRţ
ٟRҪ峤λԾͺˡ
֣ǫѷҲԶ
ٟRǫѷ飬ҿͼˡ
Ǻõкܶࡣ
峤Ҳǫѷ̫Ҿǲ
֣̫Դģ峤Զ
峤죬ܱܲõıȰ
ⲢǸõıȣÿԴʱҪһ峤֪ҵȻŬС
峤ͷۡ
ٟRȤʣλ峤
֣Ƽҡǵ۶Ҵ壬ӦҲ˵ġǰϳɡ
˵ƼƼҰٟRȻֻ֪ǣٟRƼƼ˳µģŪƼƶŻͷ
֣˾¶ģ峤һ£
ٟRͷʷһ
֣Ųɫ峤峤Ƽ漮УǾ壬峤塣Ҹȥѧʱ峤ǿǸ˵ˡǲǣ
֣ͷӺݣ̸·Ų˵ؽѧʶˡҵ峤ǰԲλࡣȻֲһ䣬ҵһμǰ˳ڵĳߡ
峤ƣʲôʱôʵһң
֣ʵػһ䣬ҾŲȻ̸£峤ǿ
ٟR˵ܱ峤ǿ
֣ԥĵͷ϶ˣ峤ʱ쵼ؾӣ˼硣
ݴս֮ңѪˮȾ˫֣峤иţ˳Ѫֽ峤˵һι¡J
峤ڳְô
ʹǹˡ峤˵꽻൹̨ͻϼȥˡ
ٟR룬ʣǸʲôˣ
峤һȻ֮ˡ
⻰˵ûζٟRֲдʷ飬䣬ֱ˵ͳɡһ֮ԡ
峤һ̾Ҫֱ˵ҵǿʱǸ󳼡ҾںԺһ꣬Ĳ࣬Ҵǵܱ߰˰ˣ£ǻͷˣôáľˡ
Ϊʲôܲðɣ
ԼҲĿòá峤νЩЩȻͥͩһֱ֪ա
ͩҶ졣峤Ҳ˵͢оʧִȨִ¡ҵĴ۵ȫͬгоӲܴΡŸɳȺȫҲûʲôá


309 ֮һһ



ĵ 
峤Ȼ,⣬˵ʲôҴӸɡ
ٟR⣬ǵӲǰ谡
峤Ҫᴵ,ҳŪӹϣ
Ȼ,ٟR峤ȡµ,վдһһӯ,ֻҪ,¶Цݰɡ
빫ԺԶ෽ʷ˳˼,ʷ̾,⹦ɵ¶á
ЦŸʷ裬ԫӻǴá
ϼЩ,û¹ⴵˡʷ߳һȿڲڡ
Цʷ,ҿȱ첲ȴഺ껪,ϼôţϹһʥ飬˼ΪЧڷʷױԶ־,ǾԲԫͶġʷһΪιƽ,ɷǡ,вŸɵ˸ӦΪЧJS
,˸־ôҲǿ󲻵á
˲˷,׸ʧְ
в˲šཫõľһ,Ц,οʯԭҰҲʯһǵǶھӹ֮ϡ
Ȳ˼ΪЧΪοƾ٣ʷָ
࣬ȥԫ˭֪ġ뿼Ҳ˵
ʷʵ
ԫܸɳ£
λлѲҴҸ֮ȥɡ
ʷһȥˡ
峤֣Ҫ£ٟRڰ֣޷Ҳʲô£һ
ʷЩ⣬Ǵ£ȴ¡
Ȼ˵ʷҲδԡ
Ѳʽϣ˻
ʵܼ򵥣⼸չͣЪѲӿǸڳдΪѻǱһ֣ܰǩ˽֤Ͷڵضˣʷּ̨Լһ¡
оиģôӣǰԩȥ
ǰΧѲŸǵšλЩͨڽѲݾѣнϰɶҴţȻѰٟRг̣һڿǺţһŶ̾ͺһȺ˺ԩȥˡ
ԭŹСŮӣ֮ǰѲүöԸ
ôһ¡
Ѳ˽Թг֮ˣѵǴȥץˡ
ٟRĳʶЩҲСư
ٟRȻʱòͣгһܣǵ˵ҪȥԼһѰˣͨһЩ۵е׷
ٟRԺѲЩ˾úһʡϽҲɳô˻һЩˣǰµ̯ӣǽˡǶİɡôǧٿ׵ģⲻɸƵġҵг̶©ȥԺѲšʲôܿԣ
ѲΪȻɫӦǡ
Ҳ룬ЩĿ޾Ķȥпˡ
ٟRͷǺǡ
ڴоѾץһȻǲѱЩͷ´ʣµĶġ
ص½Լ԰˽гۣ֮ͬȥְű߹
ϰɶɢ˺ü
һӣ½սս˽¶һ䡣
ٟRѲг̣ԺȻص۶ԺжڿǣٟR˲ˡԺԼҩֵĴ򣬵صĴ߷Ѳӡ
ҩֵĴ⼸أһ¹һˣһҩѾͼѲϡ
ÿһΣٟRһ׼ۣ¶˿ڡ
ʣ˭֪˭ǺŪһ۾ƳиΪ˶˹٣ٟR˵֪˵֪죡ܽˣţ뷽ʷúòһֱ֪νǶʲôˣʲôʱ򣬻ôһ֪
ٟRͦġ
鿪һҲͺˡ
Щط߷һ飬ٟR෽ʷ˵ԼļƻҪڿһ鱮
һЩᣬʷʣ¿Ҫο飬ʯԼǡ
ԡдƪģʷξֵԱʿ̼֣ǮģҪڣʱڱʯϣԶס
ʷͬǸ÷ӡȥ졣̫࣬һ鱮д
ǾͶ顣
ʷЦѵøЦݣǡ
ٟRշ˵æȥɡ峤ҵĹŮ˵Լǧһ
ԹЩɬֺܻϲҲ֣ܿ
ȻæֵĶҪϡ
ԹΪ££дϣдұҵһ֡
С϶ҲбĹԣҪдϣɾͷֲ˭˭ˡ
Թ˵ҾдԼ֡
ٟRͬţȷĳĳϺáһ֪ǰ㡣
Թ˵ھͻȥ¡£ЩáӴҶġֻּǵòϸòȫҰãϳʵ¡
ãȥɡ
Թµ䡣
ٻ¼ҹȻٟ֮ͬRͷˣȥ
һ˵Ҫ˵ʯԼǣ˶»ϲȫΪǾͦ˵ġ
ҸæģٟRˣдļ飬ĥҵٟRͻ룬չＸ飬ȥլơ
չ˵ԼѾ鳭Ҳûʲôʣˡ
ǻǲǵ˵Լլݻȹ֮ȥ۽硣ٟRǿɱСƵطϵļ壬ҵŵ۶ദ½ǵط¡
ɽϻӳƴǾȥƣҲŻܱȹɡ
ȻٟR˸ʷ򵼣СŽһ˾ͱլȥˡ
˵ﻰ֪һ濪۽硣
涫в鳭ˣ滨ľڣ˴Ļ裬̿ᵽ֪δһ˿㡣ңһƷԱƵĴź󣬵ء
ԲԣԺǰ߼ã߼żܣ߼߼ܣٟRլۡǹˡ
ʷ⻹ʲô泼ٟRһԺ䣬ϻĽ֣á
ٟR伴ɳԵӡҾѾ㱻ʷ̨⣬ʣµǰ᲻ߵķǽϵǽ壬ЩǽؼŽģٟRɴ۾ǽ˿ľ
ǡʷĸ׵ӡ
չＸҲˣǶû뵽ԼҾˡҪ֪˿ľΪרá
ٟRð񣬲ʣⶫôôӣҪŪôŴ̫̫˯öġ
ٟRý˿ľļҾǾ̫ˣƳγŪĸһĸҲý˿ľļҾ㣬Ǹʵ˵ǽ˿ľĥġ
ʷ̲۵Ĳ֪֮ȷɡ
ʱ⣬ЩôģٟRһ̾λ˳λȱǲŪЩ֮Ҳܹĺ̹ܳá
ʷʷ̨ʱ̴˵һ仰Щ
ʷ˵ʲô
˵ҪǸιƽµ롣߹٣󸻹󣬶Ҫһе־򡣲ȻԺܿҪʷ̨ˡ
ٟRһ䣬̿ѵóʷ˵ôеĻ
ԼլҲΪͷˡ
ٟRһЦת߳Լլ


310 ֮һһ



ĵһ 
ٟRȥԼլͳ׷,ÿдţͬŮ˵ŮһŹ֡
شˮ½ͨť,ػƼٟRͰ,СŮңʱһȥЩŴŴĸԡ
ٟRԹûԹĸ,ֻҪմ߶ܷ̾ȫǡ
෽ʷˣյµĸ
ʷһ߳ճĵ,һип,,ŮӼҼҵľͰЩ½ŽҲ,ʹȥЩط
ȥĵطҲޣ޷Ǿǽһ,һƣһо֮ࡣ
ԳĵطҲû˸Ҹᡣ
ʷͷˡ
һҪʯõĹԱʿʷȥ
ٟRԺչＸ,ʷͣ,ӹ˵ϵһǼϸˣ
ǡĿʷ
ٟRӹϸѲŵ֪,нõ˶ȫˡ۶ʷŶ,ҩֵˡǳʿ,Ҳܵдʮҡʿ̼֮֡
ǵļ,ݸ
ʷ¼꾡
ٟR˵,õ˶꾡ʿ̼־ʹ֮,ǱҲһֻһ,Ҳ˹»С˶ֵģ¸ǣǳϸݸҲǣæĶǾЩˣЩ˰˼֪Զǵ֡
ǡҪ鼸ա
޷ȻٟRǲֵŮͳƳݸŮæҲһͬʡ
ʷڲ죬ȴû˿Ӧ£ǡʱٸҲæ֪ǧҲеҩְæλҽߴģΣգա
һ֮ϡ⣬⼸ӣĸݸ֮գǿпУпգǰμʽ
ٟRϸ£䲻޹ְͨա
һ㣬ʷа塣
⼸գƳһµҲʽС
¸ٟRѣٟRչＸϸѧһ⣬ȥƸѧģ˾żҹ򵼡
ŹǸµ⣬ƽʱûɶõĵطȥѧˡ
ׯŹҲûţȥׯƽʱйعʳö֮¡
Ǵ󸮳ǣѧҲĲ
ٟRŹӣƽʱļ顣
Ź֪ˣæͣ£Ҳڸѧ顣һǣźѧͶڻԺ
ļԺ
ԺŹӵɽҲټġ
ɽ˵峤ԫٟRŹɫĺѽȸһ峤Ժɽ뵽һ
Ź˵ԼɽԳ羴֮
ضգǻ˯ҶԺɽһʹŴԺȥˣִɽ֡Źӵ˵Ժûһţðæȥˡ
峤Ǯæֵ£ٟR֪ġ
ٟRҲ˵ԼЩ꿼ȡ˲١ٟRһΪ峤ֻѧء
Ժԭ峤ѧŹӵɽдѧʵˡԼѧ֮ǰͺ˵ԭѼҺ븽ѧ˽ɽһѰ˼ԺԺˡ
ٟRǴѧԺơ
ŹϲӦ¡
ԺҲɵĺۼǵضܵ𺦡ѧŲ࣬ȥˡ
ѧԱӭٟRǽܸѧصĿγ̣мλйٟRйѧľ飬Ƴһ
Ҫ˵õıȣǿ϶вࡣ
Ҫ˵ģҲûĳ̶ȡ
ٟR˸Ա䣬뿪ˡ
·ϣٟRŹӣŲѧԺѧô
ⲢûʲôŹӵֻҪʱȥμӼ꿼СΪźҲѧڿ⣬ź㲻ȥԺˣõѧͶ
ٟRһЦ峤ѧͦء
ԺڳһؽأٟRġ˵Ҳϡ棬Ժȴֺδ
ȷе˵ԺڵֶδӰ졣
⻹¡ٟR
Źɣ˵ڵĽַ˵ɽΪƣʶϲԶԸǹѧ
ٟRЦ⣬û뵽峤˰
Ź˵ѧĹ£Ҷɽѧ飬ɽѧڳǱ϶ƶ˼ҾӶ࣬ɽҪԺԭڳǱַɽڳѡ˵ؽԺһݷС̯СˡΪ˶ڸլģҲڸⷿġ߶ϻкü˽ǽСӵģͨԺѧԣܵԺ顣
ٟRףⷨӺá
Źӵ˵ѧɽȥ飬ɽˡ
ٟR˵ƾɽĿƾٳɼΪ٣±ȺѲҪٸߡ
ԺŽգֻһſš
Źӽͣڼ䣬ŶŵġԺȥš
ŽпŷսսͷٟRһֶˡٟRû峤˳ӭӣֱ˽ȥ
ĿǿԺ䣬ԺʱֱɰأдգӳŲʣٟRµһãͼһ۵峤Ц峤ѹһ񣬡΢Ӽ٣ˡˡ
ٟRЦ㶼˵΢ˣδǰ֪ᣬܹ٣
һµù㣬ôõԺιһҲǫѷġ
峤ƣŹ򵼣ҲǸĵؽ
ط֪ûˡ
ٟRѧͳһװһɫۡСЩʮģҲдЩŹģ峤ʱ͸׽Щѧ峤ɽɵÿЩ⣬㲻ЩŶӣҪˡ
峤˵ȥŸλ
ҲҪģ˵ѧͷȥʳȥˡ
峤ʦҪʦ
ѧЦܿ
峤ٟRԹкӴ󶼵Ƥһɡ
ٟR˵ɽҪŶӰ
峤ʹ˵ұŵġһٶɽȨа֣ˡ
峤εĿٟRҪǳȥԣԴͣӻ
ٟRѾʳ÷ԾԾԣСһûŹġҵȥſ
峤治ŶɶóԵģٟRһҪȥţҲֻȥˡԺɽѧһʳãҲһŶӡ˭ǰ˭źľͺ
ٟRվ峤ǰͷŮӣվǰСѧ΢죬ŤͷС˵λ㣬ɡ
û£ǰͷӦȡһŶӣȻ˸λٟR漫ˡ
ҲȡСѧոЩ
峤۴䳭֣ҪȰɡ
СѧԼɽһۣ֣ص˵ɽӦλλȣ󡣡
ʲô߰㣬Ҿ
ɽǿˣǵÿȡ
峤°һ̧Ѿඡ
λСѧλȵСӺǰŵԼǽλóٟRһȡ
ٟR˻Ŷӵ񫣬Ե˴ڵˣѧ߲ѧϲԼûزǣǮѵġ
ٟRв˶һ飬峤ŵ÷
˿ζȻ빬бȣȴҲٟRǰѲӣũ÷峤̾ĵط峤ʳᾫڲϸٟ̾RǳһӦԡ
ǲѰװģװġ
Ժù緹ٟRϸ²ιۣ˸༶ȥһڿΡȻٟR¶ģһҪ峤Ūص۶ٸԼҸɻĥȥ
˵Ϊ͢Ч


311 ֮һһ



ĵһһ 
ٟRǸ˵ɾ͸ɵӡ
ȻҪ峤Ūس,һѲͿʼ뷨ӣ¡
ٟR˵ҪԫŪ۶ٵĴ㣬ȱʾ,ƽʱм,ԭǶ˼
ٟR˵,ʷ˵|ǮϢŴյ£Ҿ,ⷨӵǸš
뵽ʱ繫ԫ˵,ʱδ,ԭ򶯹Ҳ뷨,ϢǮյ°ɡ
ٟRǲͬôҲ,ֶںʿ峤Ϊûڳ͢أƾôá
ٟRʼղһ㡣
š뷨볣Щͬġ˵
ʲôطͬ
ĿͣһЩˡ
ҾͰ¡
²һ,콲,ԫͬСģҲ֪òڡĲѧòԭ̽Ӧʵ
ǾԵ𡣡峤¶ʮһò,ٟRʦ˵ǿƵ̽гҶεͶԾˡǸ̽ѵò峤ã
Զˡ,͢صԺδǰ,ǰʮܵټ,ɴ˾סʱδ,ʵ࿼Уҵʱ,ԫֱ˵,ʲôζУ̽
Ϊɶ̽£ͷѷ״Ԫ
ΪԸŸɣƫ˶òгޡԫǼòġ
ٟRЦãǲɵ°
Ƕ⣬ĲˡΪɲ̽
ٟR²ۣÿ춼ȸƵġ
ݣ¾ʹˡûԫʱʱϲɫֻҪǱ贩ٷ߹ʿĳϣǴۣǲŽоʱ뿵촩зʵԫϲãϲɫƽʱȻɫ
ôˣ
Ӧ곤ľ仯˰ɡǵԫ˵ʮʹɫ
ٟRпһΪΪҶϵã˶ء
ĿɿڴæٟRǧԫô˵
ѵҶڿôİӣȫܲ͸磬ٟRΪΪʿ֮׵峤Ȼ֪˻ͬƣ˵峤Ҷء
ѵ
ʮּѵĵٟRݳ֪ǵĹϵȫǵǰ㡣
ٟRҶſ̱죬ˡ
ٟRʣͬУ˭峤ϵã
ЦºָָͣԼȴ˵ӳõ۷ԫİ취ҲΪ
ٟR˵Ҳ峤ַȤƽʱź˵ӣ־һЩӦ˵ˡ
Ȼ˵ЩģоǶԵġ
ٟRʣܸҵ㽨ô
ȸߵһ°ɡ
ĦŲյԵ֪ԫʲô𣿡
ʲô
֡Ŀһɽһļ㣬̫̫Ů
£峤Ŵǹٻô
൹̨ԫǹ֮¡ʵԫ£ԫ䵭
峤˵˵ࡣ
ǰҪ֪ȨգۣܵǶ֮¡Ϊ֮⣬ȫǴǹٻˡ
ΪλȢŮ
º͢Ůԫź۶˵ŮлԼȢŮҲڵ̫̫ˡ
ٟRʹ˼ôƵ⣬һ̷ԭ˼ҪŮҪǹˡ˼ҳ£Ȣ˼Ů˵ǰЩŮ棬ǶŮĸܸӰ
΢΢һЦԡ
ǵ̫̫ݣּҰӹô꣬͢˵׷ŮĸҲƽЩСµġٟR˵ҿֲЩġ
ԡ۷ѡ
㶼ûôٟRʡ
ٟRֲɽ¶ˮҲºͣ緽ʷ컵ҶԼЩ۵ʦС飬Ƚ˿ǳ飬Щ˾Ȼ֮¡ɼй֮
ԫ˽ѡڳΪ٣ǻΪϵͬšϲ߱͢ΪٵĶ
ҪʲôУҶŪٟRĺԫŸɡ
ٟR˫ľ߱ԫڼƷʣʱĹעõԫġ
ʣҪôȥԫʱȽϺأ
ٟRΣ˵Ҷ˼ˡ
ü¶Ц⣬Ե֪޲ԣ㳼ҲԵκ档Ҷܻԫ۳Ϊǡ֣š
˵ҵĶ̲סˡٟR˵ͣδõһˡ
Ծȥ޷
㶼ףҿ飬ûģٟRսࡣȥ峤̸̸͢ٵ¡
ٟR˫鶯Ĵۣ಻΢Ц˵ٻ
͵ŰɣĿ࿴Rʮ㣡
ٰţҲûпĿռ䡣峤ĲŸɣϾӿδ˷ѡٟRţ͢иĻأ峤鷢š
峤κΪ֮£
ˣĸ͸ġ


312 ֮һһ



ĵһ 
,ٟRд˷ӣ͵Լҡ
ڶһ磬ʹչＸԼȥˡٟRѾСǼƻ,ʱԸ峤̸,չＸ˾͸̫̫Թ˵Ҫڵĵ۶,ԹоҲҪ۶ǵġ
峤ٟRҲмƻ
ϸ峤
Ȼ,ʿ,йΪٴ㣡
ٟRſԼ,峤ѴŮֶſӭԼƷٸۡ,Ϊ峤ֳƷطٵԵʡ
øڣҪ˵󲻼լ,¾ϸԶʤ֮լһһľһשһ߶͸ĵŹ󣬲˵ٟRסѲĶࡣ
ٟRһŲ峤,峤ʱҲ㾫ϸүģ,ЦȻլˡ
峤ǵ¿϶ϲҴ硣߶,߶ҵլӡ
һϱķȣ¹,һԺǰ,ɽʯˮɳصľȫȻ,ĿһƽԺ,ԺгһϱֵĴ޻ľ,Ŷ޵ĸ,ⲻСԺָϡ
峤ܣҵ鷿
ٟR٣ƴǰ԰лٽ⣬ǸֱӵӣչＸ˵գֻܸ̫̫˵峤顣
չＸӦǣ̫̫΢һ񣬡һͲ
ˡٟRס
峤鷿Ժһ࣬鷿ıڶǶصĴܣİ²ɵ顣ٴһСʰĺܸɾ߽ǰɵģɼ峤õ֮
峤
ٟR֣ӿĴڸСһ£Ҳ
峤ֶӶ㣬ˡ
峤ŵٟRǰİںãµӣ˵д̡һ޹ٶְ±дҲѰ鰡벻ͨ
ǵһѧȥһҡ˵ȷǴ°ٟRУҲ˲óԣս峤˵ҿŸɲ㵽۶٣Ϊ͢Ч
峤ĿЩЦ̶תΪıȭһ񣬡лӣΪ١
ΪʲôٟR⡣
峤δ𣬷ʣûʹsô
ٟR룬뵽s˵˭࣬Ԩֳs
ˡ˵ȽϺáٟR̹ϵʼ벻ͨ־뺲ʿΪδǹٻأ
峤ҿյŲЩįЦЦҲΪʲôȻͻˡ
ܵиɡٟRп峤ЦеļįֻЦƽˬʣȤѵ˵ײɣ㡣
ճs˵ġ峤Цһ£ܿʧˣҡͷּŮֲǼ޲ȥҲˡҾǾú룬ͻˡ
ܵиԵʣΪʲô룿ʲô£ʲôˣ
峤ĬƬ̣̾˿ںʵܽӴ೯͢ϢʱոջͬΪ󳼵Ĵθֵ࣬⡣ʱһ£½곤̫Ҫ¿ʼѧϰڸͬ¡µǳس̫뵽ʿмģҼѧʿ顣ճsңУᵽѵ¹ѧϰ
һΣڸøµӣڸ෢İּǲǱµģ峤ٟR̫¡
ٟRȫûӦ峤Ϊ
ΪʲôٟR⣬ڣĸҲӰ
峤䵭ʱڡ̫ʵ۵ȵʱ޺󹬸֮¡̫꣬ܿʵڷŵѵ뱮һ仰󹬲ø
ҵ˵ĸѾƱ̫ʵǰȥˡٟRüһ䣬ǿûЦ
峤˴󶯸ɸ̫꣬ѵΪɣҪ̫󲻵ø񡣡
ٟRüëһ°ͣʲôԼ£Լѵܹܣʱ٣ĸôʶһˣ
˵ǡ峤ʱһΪ̫󲻷ޡ
ٟRĿ峤峤ߣб֧Ÿ첲ʱ粻ڣŮӼֱûһλһΪ̫ʵۼѹŮӵλֱ޴ȵȥ̫磬ǻȵȴ֣ųڸ֮⣬ȻᵼȨ
ҲΪ̫ˣʱᣬһŭ֮¾ԴȶǺࡣ
ȶĶJS
ԭٹ̫סȶĺָĻٹ
ŶٟRһ벻Цˣȷٹڷ⣬λò֮С峤ʱôˡ
峤Գʱֱͷ࣬ϹַĹѪͷ
ѽ
˵ʲôء峤ٟRһۣʱͷ࣬ܽô
ٟRһ֣ߵ˵Ľζ
ûʲôˡȻЩ޴ʼΪ٣̫вŸɣΪֹ΢̫оȨ޲ס
ĺܶѽٟR˵ĸҸһ׼ϲ㡣ɴȥ۶ɣ
峤ҡͷһĺܲ˳Ⱥ󺵣źӶƽ֣ԡط㣬лд˵콵ֶ˳ӦⲻᡣȲЩ£ͣ͢ɳʹ֡
ֲ͢㣬볯ʿҲʱȥŰæ֪˭ңҷŵڸǴһֱæ붬ųͦ͢˹ճɼ͢սӣӶҲʱƽʮ֮˿ڶڻжˡ
յµʱҶֱ治ʲôζ
һ൱ֵվǰҿᡣ
ٟR¶죬峤̾ЦԭҲΪǼһѪˣһ˲䣬ҺȻףȨ԰նԽɽķϡ
ٟR˿
ڶʿҾʹǹˡ
ٟRŴͣΪʲô
񿴵ĩ·峤֣Ҳǵ̫֣֮Ÿɣ̫󲻻ӵ˥䣬಻ȨһʧܡȨ³ãҺܲҿǹһ档ҺʶҶĽеʱҾ;ǹˡ
峤ü۶࣬òϲԼ
峤׵˫֣Ҵǹٵԭ򡣡


313 ֮һһ



ĵһ 
ٟR,峤ǸƸеĺġ
ס峤˫Ͼ֣ڸǰһˡܲ,ҶЭ,ֻҪ÷֮£ԵһŲعܡʢΪ,ʱΪأ
ٟR˫峺޹ĳγ峤λǲ˵Ϲ,ǵƤˡ
Rһɳֿ,峤Ц,ԭбʱ֮ġ
ٟRҶΪɡ,ʶԡ桱ָУЩ,ʲô˼ҿǳ㡣
峤һΪ˲,ҲǱһϳĻǸΪѵõƷʡ

ԭ峤ǿҵ˼
ٟRЩ˼,ǽгҶǼһ̼ˡ
峤£ǻļһ˵ʲôˣ
ɡ
ţҵжһ¡峤ٟR,Ͽҵ˵д޹֮,Żֿ,˲Ը˵һЩﻰġ
ҵġ
ͬĻ,ӳҶ˵ɱˡ峤˵ֻжˡٟRп,ѿڶ,ΪЩҶĻ˺,峤Ҳõ۶ȥ
峤̲סЦҶÿæУҲƽȥ˺˭»еӣ϶зİɡ
ٟR̾ҽǶûˡһ
Ҳ˵·ŻҪ⽴
ٟRɴ۾һʱ˵ʷ̨Ҫ˵ģ峤λ֪
峤ȥЦ⣬ߵµ¡ڵµ֮ǰˡԵ²ء
ٟRü˼˭ôȻ˵һ
ĺܺáԺٰգȥңǶµĶݣЩȻûˡ
ٟRɫʣ峤Ҳ֪˭ҥô
峤ҡͷԴȻļƺһֱһϳ̡޴Ĳ˼顣
ƫϴ˼࣬ʸ˺ܶࡣǴǣٸšʿ̼֡СһԣѾԴͷ
οŵµĵɢӰ١J
ٟRǱ˵ˣǲ˵ҡұͷ˵ģңûѳҶôţ֪õ˲š
⽴ҲΪ峤ǻ˶Ҳ˵һ
ٟR֣ۺܸ߰
һҾ˵ѽ㻹һһɰ峤ѧųҶǣȻٟRۺܸߣʱҾһӰص۶ȥ
ٟRһСͬ飬鰡㵱ʱ͸óģ
ǻ˶˵òˣҵѡֻ˺Ȼ˵⶯˰ɣȻæ
峤΢΢ǳЦĿٟRٟRҲЦˡ
ʱǺܿɶºܻԼԼȻԭǰɣ
峤һЦ
ǰֿɶѡ
Ȼȫܹ⡣
ٟR˵治ȥ۶ôһ£ǵţǼԪԪһƵʢǡ
ָƽ峤Ҳȥġ
Ϊʲôಢûôĸɣ㵱ʱôǹ٣Ķ飬㲻Ӧôǹ٣Ӧڳƴ⣬Ѱһ˿Ǿ뿪ˣ㲻Ϊ˽ϧΪ뿪͢ĽڡٟRһѪ峤Ļԡ
ٟRĿᶨȫΪ
侲峤ݣ֪ҵʷѧ˭̵𣿡
峤䣬ٟR߽㣬ԡʦ̸ҵĵһ ξǣؿ˵ʲôֻʲô
ҶҲидػ񣬱пɾ֮ô¸ľɡ
㴺ǺܵͣΪܾ㻹ڳ͢Ϊĸִԡֲ͢㣬Ϊʿɵڸӡڵǰ£㻹ƽƽʿҵȻѸٴǹ뿪۶
ңһΪΪǰڳΪ̫˵ּܾżòǹ١
룬ʱ֧ĸĹԱ⡣
ƽص⣬ƽ꣬͵̨ˡʱ֣سһƽơ
㲢û볯Ϊ٣㷴ȢŮ
Ȼٴ뿪۶
㵱ּܾ£λлԼ֮ɴŮԼҪģõĳô
ûǶδģ
ּĴ󰸣˭ڱʱΪ㿪ķ֮ţ
ĸ
ĸͷ
ʵҷԴ֮ײֻһε̾͵¡㶼ܾˡΪʲô
һΪذܽ֡
ڶΪҪŮ
Ƕּ⣬ҲšԶһ˿ϧ֮⣬ô𣬲Ҫ㲻˵Ľڣ
ĳ͢Ҳһ㲻ɡ
ʵϣҲȫû˵ȥ۶
ҲܴŪ
ٟRס峤˫覵֣㾹ȻĽңЭҶһٲڸ໧һ峤̫ûҷԸΪĻԾͿԺƭң


314 ֮һһ



ĵһ 
Ȼˡ
峤亹һӾˡ
Ȼ뿵дҫŮӰ
峤Ȼ,£ȷſְɡ˹˹ĵ˵ãѲĲѽ
˭ƭţƭˣ
ˡ峤,ж,֮ΪôҲɡ
¡ٟRɲᱻҲ峤ȷûж⡣
ɿ峤֡
峤ջ˫,ݸٟR³ǿĲ,ߵ¡ϣ²Ҫ˾ûϢźá
ٟR㲻峤ʾ,Ӳ,˵
ʵԭûɶٵԸ
￼ƾ٣
Ҳ顣˽ԪҶȥ,Ҿȥˡ峤ٟRץ֣˫,˵йȽϷ㣬Ҳȥ۶
۶¸ӣۡʼ,Ȼʿ,ͻҵ峤ҵȷද֮ģǾԩҸʱ֪ʹ,û϶ܾĶˡ
ٟRȿڲ,˵,װģ˵ʱһһ,ڲ˼,ͳ϶ˡ峤ƷҲզء
峤Լ,ڸȵĸ,ҵʱ΢ĩС٣ҲԳ˽⡣̫֣ұȻʤ̫ľǿɣ͢ҲתĲ̫ƽʢ֮ʱҪð԰աҾʹǹٻؼˡ
ٟRۣô򵥣
ǰ峤˵ұҲϲ١СʥͶΪ׵ġ
㿴ҼңҲŵڡҴֶǶ٣ְߣҲڼȻˡҶΪϲ飬̫õʱ򣬼ɹůůĶʱڴҳܽһСѧɡ
ҵļңҵ˶ҲԸػ
ٟR۽峤вŻ㵱ʱǹĸûô
ˡ־ڴˣв˲ţ̫Ըȫɢ񡣡
ȻԳ⣬Ϊλ񣬶ģ
񣿡峤ٟRһ֪ǰ£˶ɣ
ΪٟRҲʷǷ࣬룬ͷҲǡ
ﻹеˣ϶ܸˣ治һ֪ǰ¡
ٟR˵ô
Ϊҽӵš
峤̫ԣٟRһӾ峤˵ġ衱˭ˣЦЦһ峤ʦ֪ȡ֣һдѵġ
峤İۣ
ʦд𣿡
峤һѾǽȡϻӣϻӽŵݸٟRٟRŷȡչȻ
Ͼɷ͸ֽ֣ҵŮӡ
ּϾܿʦдʱж⡣ٟRЩϲЦˣ֣ͨźֶ֣дôô
Ż峤
峤طϻС
ٟR֪٣˼ȴһ㲻١Ȼʦ㲻ҲΪģΪݻ
ٟRůůģ峤Ȼ²ߣΪνʿأ
ΪѰ峤¶ůЦ⣬Ȼ۶ҲţҲʶ˺üѡǶȰҿʿҾȥˡ
Ƕˣôûأ
ûȤҶٵûȤ峤̹ʻش
ϾȻˣ
ٟRʣ꣬ûһλӢ׾£һӳⷽ¡ǵǺεţ
峤ǳЦȻش𣬡ûС
һٟR֦ҶïĴƶϧԼļ磬ϧԺĺӣ϶Ϊ¾һǲǿһˮǸ¡ػ
ٟR۾峤ɲ̹Դô
峤ʧЦ¿һƺ˰ɡ
ٟR峤ĻشJ
Ц峤һʧٟͬRʱǰٟRʣôʲôĻ˵»߳ŭҲһ
ٟRһüǣֻ˵Ҫ滰
峤˿Ϊά̫󣬵ҲԸ⸨ڵľ
ٟRΪΣ峤ѵҲ׾֮ˣҵģֵǡ
Ը׷ˣҲ̷ġ
Ϊʲôǹٻԭ
̫󶼲̷ľ
ٟRʷʱһЩѱĲʿʵУһδ˿Ļ
Ը׷ˣǲ̷ģ
նĻش
ٟR羴ĳȴڴС
һ˲䣬ŭյٟR۾죬ĴҲ˵һ˼䷢ٟRţŷŭȡ
峤û˵
ٟRƽ
峤뵽Ǿ仰š
ǵġ
ٟRû峤ˡ
Ȼ˲
ٟRܿƽ
֪Լ̰壬ǹƽʱΧΪӭŸ¡
ʷе峤֮ˡ
Ϊ˼˵滰ô˼ҡ
ο峤˲ȥ٣ɽĺܺá
ٟRڳ׻ָƽǣ˵ĺźĸȻ޷۷λʿϿ㣬ΪļһСӵڿΪ٣ɼ㲢ûаԼ̬ǿˡ
͢ûܵõλʿʵڿϧ
ѡ䲻ϿɣȴԻء
Һ滰
˵
ɡ
㲻ԸΪ͢ĳӣôԸĻ԰Ϊѿ䣬ԹҰ
۷ʿֲܹʿ߰ɼǾв֮ɡ
ô㻹ʲô˵ô
ԫʵѱ˴򶯣ȻŲദԸųڣܶһ۾ܿ͸
ٟRССͣؽԫĬĬĵݳһذȲɡ
ٟRŷ֣ԭԼȻˡ
ҿɲǱ޵ġٟR˵ԭͲޣͲˡ
֪


315 ֮һһ



ĵһ 
ղ۾ʪ,ԫѵĵһ˿ǸΣѽǸСŮ,ҾȻѸСŮŪˡ
ԫֲ,ſڣҺܸм¶ҵĿء
˵ƯʲôáٟRһ˿,ŲױƯŪء
ҸһҸɡ
ҲʲôҸ涼ܵ,˵
ԫһ˿Ц,Ҿŵʱ,ǶСһ·˳졣,괿Ľ׶Ժܳ
֪γ𣿵ʶеҲǷʱ,ҾͿʼˡJ
ζǳѹ㯡ŭʧ䡢ʹڣһʧȥ,˹
ʵʵĻһ,ȲҲÿ
Ǿʵģ
־ˣҸߵһ仰Լ־ҪԼ˫ʵ,κʱԸˣǷǳ޴
ԫ˵,ٟR,ôڵġ
Ϊÿ˵ͬ,ֻǰԼľ,Ҳһء
Ŷ,ҽᾭܶ಻ҵ°
ҿɲ˼ÿ˳󶼻ᾭѵ,߲ȥŽвң߹ȥģ
ٟR˵ý⼸ҲʱԡǲЩѵġ
ٟRԫĺ⣬ͷ֪ˡѵ£Ҳ¡
ԫָֻģһЦѵСؽȡһλܵϲĹ¡
ֻǣҲע໰ֱ˵
䣬ĳ͵ĲŸɡ
ͬˮʯĹ£ٹļ̳ˣϣƽ˳ĳ󡣵Բĳԣʱϣگҡ
һġ
ٟR΢ʲôôͻȻʦҡ
ȻٟRԭԫˡ
ʿԼҲ˰ɡ˼ҲҲûӡǿԵҲԹż
ٟRһ뿪ԼҺúǴһգ磽ơ
ãԼҲ׼ɫƼӦоУˣˡٟR̾ЩæˣЩӲˡ
ԫЦýյҲϢһ
ǡ
ٟRֱ緽ǣԫżŮһֱ͵ſڣٟRԹֳ괺ǣпղͬ۶ʱңҴ㵽ˣ˵ȡȣִӵĳϰߣٟRӰҲѧ۳Ҫˣء
չһʫʫΪ棬һ֣ϸӡ֣࣬ʦ
ԫƳʫһֱۣӸ˻Ƥ
ٟRѿʼӣʦҵӡڰӸ㡣㵽۶ӵ鸮ϣʦͻᰲҵġ˵ŽӵݸԹJ
Թ˫ֽӹӣǡҸȥ۶һһȥʱһȥ밲
ٟRף˳Թʦʦҵʷѧ飬һλ²ż汸ĳ
Թ뵽괺Ǵȣƾƹܣ½תԼȻҲйֳ֮⣬ָмǡ
Ů뿵ϧѣԫǿ̲ûۡ
ٟRˣʱԫӹŮյ۶ȥһڿŰɣ
ۼֱߣͼ֮ˡԫֺЦɡͷã͸ˡ
ٟR㵣ġҳôͷһذݷѱ˸ϵġ
ԫƣΪ롣˵ŵģôܸϵߡһƬľ⣬˸С˵һ˸į
ٟR⵱
ǣٟRƯķԫһüԫҼסˡ
ԫЦ֣¡
ٟRһ̣ѧԫӷۣˬһЦȥ
ʱ쪣ãһкտĸ߿շɹG


316 ֮һһ



ĵһ 
ٟRһѲ,͹ˡ
ٟRһֱ֣˵ˡһ,ϵİɡ
ǵĵ,ԫšඨٟRٟR,ǰһЦ,صˡ
ܽСšٟRҴ,ѹͬ˵,ʱ˵Ҷ컵,ԫȻǲһصġ
лһ˿Ц⣬,ʼҪ֮Ϊ֮¿Ͷˣʵ¡Ȼл,һ,õȥˡ
ٟR룬Ǹϸˡ͸¶һ㣬û,˺ֵġԺ͵ưɡ
ഽ΢º͵һС
,⼸ݸپҪˡǵ,밲,¿Ҫһ
ٟR,Ȼݸ,οҲδ,˵ˣҰһ¡
ʣʿ»Ҫô
ļСľˡʱӾˡ
죬ĴŸ⸮ʮֺҪһô
ٟRһĥֶˣǲžӡֵʱûɶ
˵ʱշңӶҳȥˣʵΪ黺⣬˹ˣҲԸΪǳһ
ٟRߣ⻰ţ
΢ЦٟRΪӾҰĿǳľҿǽҲޣ
գٟRǳŹ䣬ǹһʷ̨İԼѲĹɶġǾֵļλݸҲ̵ˣٟRһһ
֪ǴŮʿһˣٟRɴԼߡ
λݸ٣ڵĪӥֶ֪˷ļӲʣٟRҲ̾ʱ˵˵η;ԴӥǵľԮ⡣
֪ʱֻ˵֣ӥǳﱸʳҩƥҿûסְʱֹˣԴһ̡һҲ֪ôˡ
ٟRɲôĳָ߳һعԱ֮ξֶӥɳƥʳҩģӥأǰȴͬͬ£Эдؽ߲
¹ˡأҲǳ֮֮͢١׵ضֵӥǣҲһʩԮ֡
ٟR޽ǻҰףȴԱηգԴǫѷһλȹ˵ĹԱ
ڵ۶ٵģ֪͸ȫȺѲҪǿࡣ
ٟR޹֪˽ľӥǵ飬ν׵ļ۸ӥ˵䲻Ϊ
ٟR룬ǵ۽翪Ϊܳеܳ
̸˴ʱ֪ȥЪϢˡ
֪λͣٳȴߣƾʱǵ١ͰѲӶʰġ
Щ֪վſڣһЦҪӭôһȡ
֪ЦϷȥء
ҪôţҲסݣ֪ϽʦλȴͣóλԼѧ
תһȦƫλ֪գգۣصý˵Źٳô󲻿ɡ
֪Ҳ׸ء
£ֵʮ겻ˣô̹ôɡ
Լ̹
Ȼ
໰ӵȻûҭ֪֪Цŵյ裬ȡһյһ·ðɣ
ûʲôõġǿ˳ԾһжˣյľҲˡJ
Э
֪Ҳ˳Ծ޵Ҷ˼ˡ˵մһ˿Ц⣬ʱŹҪһЩġ
Ұݣкε֮
Ϊ¼ٿǡֱָ֪Ϊڴˣ𣿳s
ĬƬ̣Ҳ˵ôĻⲻдǣҵ̬ȡҪҲʾ˷ԡ
̫
ڸǳ͢ôðһ˿ա²Ҫһڴߡ²ҲԽܡǽĴҪѧʹԼĳӣԼá
֪̾ޱϧʵǸûᡣһŮӶãȴ٣̫ϧˡ
ֺԮľ飬ԽӴطյľ飬Ǻԭ֮أĴ
ȿڲ裬бĹ಻ΪȻɫ䣬һ˿٬»ᣬʢ꣬Ժеǻᡣ
˵̫ˡ
ȱұ׸ְ֮Ҳ˵Խ׸ݵĻ࿴ʦ۾һ˵ݹزգʵƷ˵ҵľһҪȥ
֪֪˵Ļǲʦ뿼ʦϵʵ˴ཻ꣬ҲΪ˽⡣
ճsһֱˣòֹԶºͣޱǿӲΪ͵ҲǿӲ֮ˡ
൥ֳͷֻ׽ǰſ¶һ˿ɢԭΪܳ಻Ϣһʱ䡣
޷Ⱦ˪мڴˡ֪һҲ˵»ᣬοΪߣҪ黳ȣ
ºѵǳӵĸô
ϣ߽Եá
߼õķ£㲻Ҳδµô
ʷ̫ôϲɡ
Ϊ׸֪ӲЦԼѧʷ̫ճsĺˣɶܸͷ
֪㶼ʲôˣ
ڸһ˾͹۵ġһ棬ʷ̨һѸͷ뿵֣һ̫ĸһҡڵĻͷʣµģѾˣⲻᡣԺһѾиʷ̫ŸͬƣƽʱڸǰԾӡ
һȦԼĶʦ㾹ȻҶʲôˣ
֪̿Ц
һ̾ϢҲ֪Ϊ˵ı䷨ɹԱ̫ﲻ׸
Ի˰ɡ
һ֧ҵš
ҲΪ㵱Ķԡ̹ʵ˵㵱ôĽ̫֮⣬һ𵴡
̫ˡ
ѵ㲻ϣ
֪ЦʵҲòϡ
֪յʣأ
Ӹóӱ־͹ˡĻشһǰû˿ԥʦѵΪұˣ
֪һڽȾҵϣܱһ䡣
Զ룬Զǡ
۽̶Ҿĵһֱ̬ȡ
óӱ־͹ˡ
ԣ֪ܲ·ʱΨڵĵûм롣
ҲΨڸ
Ϊ֮׸


317 ֮һ



ĵһ 
ٟRſỬĲ,¡ٟܲRһιԡ
˳ȥٟR֣ٟRֱЦ,ͷ峤˵,áлǵ⡣
ӥļ,峤ǫµ,ǲĸ֡
ҵܺ,ҪĵҲáٟR,˵֯æʳҩġ
ͬϵ,ƽʱҲû⣬֪ûֵĵԵ,峤˵͸һӺˬٟRϲˬˣ෽ʷ,ǿ峤ҵΣ
Ȼƺá
ȷͷͻ֫һһĿ
֪,ƺԱǳţ,ҳƵһ
Ȥ²һ
д⡣
࿴峤һ,峤ϲǰ,ΪٟRǣ֪Щ,ǲЩˡ
Ӧû⡣
ʷҲȹƽʱҪԸЩ,ЩŵĶŹ,޲ܳǰ䡰ǧ֮尲ΣΪϡĻ,˵˹ҲûɨٟR¡ϾŮҲ
ٟRƯ峤нӹСУȦ峤̾ڳŹ˫ȫȻ鴫꣬տܺ
ʷƳ峤ۣǻ˵ͦġ֪Ц˰
峤ЦĺܰҼŮ죬ڻĶˡеؿ֮磬źܿڿϿŮӢˡ
ʱ޿̲ҵƥⰡ
ǲΪ⡣ҲԸðܵһ
峤û߶ԼæСǰΪסٟ֡R˵Ҳ
峤ޣǶ֮ˡ
ҵáˬٟR࣬Ҳﲻ˵ſշˣзݡ෽ʷÿƥ֪㸮˺ƥģ̻һĳ¡
֪һ񣬡л´
ѽ񡣡ٟRƽ˵һ⡣
峤׵תͳдԱǻϲǳ
ʮƥٟRٟRǸˣ˵ʱ͵ʹ͵շ⣬˴βֵѲ֪֪ݽõٟRʹ͵Ŀ
˲ǧ֮ƣʶԱԴһ¶ϲ
չＸ˲ᣬȻзݡߣҽɡ峤ҵǧ𣬶õٟRͿ
⻹ʼҹׯŹ£ҲõһƥŹ¼С
̶ǵ֣Ҳ˺üԼ峤ҲǰǶæģٟR
ʽʽգǸĺ
в֡ԮֵĹԱʿѧӡ̼֡ɮˣԼָĴˡ⻹ֵİǡ
ɰӳ£һֵʯг֡
ٟRվڴõĸ̨ϣԺѲʼÿھֹг˶˶£һڸļ䣬Ǳף˽Ǹ˶١
ǰÿʱֵ˲ῼǵճ͢ıá͢ǵǵĸǱĵ׾ãůͣһжֵõġ
Ϊ׸ϣһ
һУ֪֪͢
ӹԱʼһһúʿѧӡ̼֡ɮˡÿҪõִ֣Щ£ٟRĸ嶼ã˵һ˿©
٣װ賤ĵİൽòֿ꣬һ˿αǿԴݵģͣÿ˶յ
ΪҪڹòμӵĹԱҲյŹӡ˿滨ǩдй⣺
XXX
лμӿǵľա
ǹӡ
ҲвŮ죬һԾɹٸĿڼյǩ
ÿһٵֶʯҵʽٟRŹԱȥﶼá
ڴˣѰԼ֣һ廳Щ빲Яֻ¡һգԶļ䣬ΪǴòļ䡣
ٟRҪ̻ص۶ˡ
뿪һգǸ־ٟRеСٵġǵиԱںѲϽĴͣʿ̼֡ѧӡɮˣʿֵ̼˵½վҪص۶ҲûŻؼңҪһ͹£ٸæȥ
ӿϽͷٟRһʽֻ޴ҲܳȥҴкʹӴ򿪵ĳЦųһ֡
Ƕʱ˺Ժ
Ҳкǧƽ
£㼣߱鿪ÿصĴأ˵¶ȥˡ
ժ˸̫үĹñӡ
⣬¶ǿʳƷó׵ȶ͡
ȥ˰һ˰
ǿԺӡ
С
ǵԿڱ֮ϡ
׷ŹµǼݣһֱͳԶٹȥأǷסŲ
¸֪ٟRٟRҲָжأǣ͸ҪúõҡȻԲסյ
ʷŴԴͬ´˻ǡӲ
ʷҲˬٳǰǵţյǮ⣬ʮӵҩǮǵ⣬͢ˡ
˼ǣ˶ʮծ
ʵʷԭٶЩģȥٟRֹˡٟR˵ˡֲ̾ͻǮǾһܻģĴŲʮôһ㣬ʣµծޡҲЩء
ʷû󹾡
޷뵽ȥԫϰݷ֮¡
ԫӭ鷿Ϊ㲻ˡ
ܵȹ˽
ʵѲ֪ٴΣֻ˵ˡѶԲʹԫǳһ㡣ȡߣݲ裬Ҫ̫æҪ
ӹ裬һ䣬һΪЦء
ڣȫԺЦˡԫЦ
ڵ֪ҪٿʱЦһˣȻڸһ¡Ԩ׸ݽ̫һԫ
ԨиϰߣҪʲôȴܲõСȦ׻߷Ųܹĵط
ԭΪ»ߴ̾͵̨õ
߸Ϊε̨Ǹ׼ģԨĻѡӦǱ²ŶԣǱѡ
ѡǹS
һ뵽ԫֱЦСꡣ
˸Ц֮£յڱֽǳҶĿһЦͲŹˡ
ЦǵöлΪֳǡ
л
ֺ޳ܵġлҲֻԫӦȻ
ûȥݷ
Ҹȥݷһʦ֡
˵ӵŶд˰
ԫֱۣ㲻Ȳôϧò衣
ɨֻѲյԫͷϣ
ԫЦҶ֣õκϢŶ
ֻö˲ڣ̾ǻǧġ
ԫδõȣϻȡһݵݸѣûʲôõĽԼһ̵Զ˹ĶԼˣǲŻŹٺ˵ȥΧ¹ö䡣ԼҾӦû˸ңҲûðͷˡǸ̵ʬӵ֣ĶӦǳ˿¡
ӹڣһĿʮпΧ¹ʱ;¿²򵥡ڿǲԫ㣬ԫŲ˲顣
ٳ鲢ټ
ãѿġϴΰΧѲűǰ֮
õ൱á
Ѽ䲻л
ص۶
Ŷ
ǰｫ΢΢ϸ˫


318 ֮һһ



ĵһ 
á
ָŹ˽µıóɹ,滨ԺǱߵҲʻʹѬһѬ
϶Ǹ̫һЪǱ߶ʱҲòϡ
йϲĹ,ǰԸŷԤ,˵ˣرĵ,˵Ҳȥûζá
йԺ,ʵ,һûժ,ȹժġ
ָƵæͣ,֣̫ղܵ۶,⼱ʲôӶɹʮˡ
ūⲻǵôֱȻͷСôСūǸǰû뿪һ߾һ,ܲĻš
֣̫۽Ц,ŵϻͨϻװٟRţÿ춼ӻһôš
ͷԴ޵,˺Ц
˻ûѻ¶źˡ
عҪɶɶ,ɶġ
˾¸衣
ֹʲôʱ²,ҲּįġЦ˵ߵľǹ,,Ҫ˾֡,˾һֱ빫ϵ
֣̫ҲһЦ
ʵ,ٟRҲٹɵҲͦŮʱʱҪ߶һҲŮһֱţ͢ʹǴ󳼵¶ʷҲǶ¶ϵʲôû£ѹŮŪȥˡ
ǣûٴͷ˵ʷ
ûʱ䣬ȥá
ӱҲ˵RϽɣڹĸǱ߶ԵЩ塣
⵹ǡƽRһܶʮӡ
ӱЦҲఢRˣû뵽ôá
˵RͷһسţʹȻôȫһһ⣬йһȥڴ¡ǺϵһǰԼҵİӣⳡ֡Rһȥǰסˡ
˵ȥġЩź
ӱԼСˬ˵ǶһˣңҸ²㣬ҴΪҲûʲôѽ˵£Ǳز¹׵ģֻҪƿŰãˡ
ҿRͦ˵ģдֶֺܱԹдĻ̫ġ
ҲЦ˭ƵģҲ֪໰˵
Rһɾдġ
ƽʱҲൽС
ֻҪ뵽ãͿЦ˼ֵǣҲ֪ǲͷԵĲãһԵĶ
˵Ǵڼſ϶һġ
ٟRص۶գ糯ʹ̴ȥˡյͼﳵġ
ٟRֳȻϲʷغһԺٲһ
ʷһҲϳ֮ˡ
һϵ¶ֿЦõɫǵĺ΢һ񣬡Ҫǣʷ˵ʽص۶Ӧﳵһֱڣ¸Ͻɡ
̽յ뷽ʷ˫ϣĿ⣬˶ԼϣġǣһܲƫҺãʷƶϲǷǲ֣
ռһźȿãôˣ
Ǳʷġ
һͣûݵ¶ϳ
ߣһ·ô㡣ڿ࣬۵ֺݣһȡҿҵĺȫûϣ
ϳػϳҪԣʷһ뵽µȷʷô÷ﳵԼءһﳵˣΪء
Ҳڱ߶ôٟR϶ܶڽϿϷմк
ô࣬˭ϳءʷ
һ֪õĳëˣһ˵ڷﳵҿ϶ȫﳵҲŮҲվֱ߶Զġȵ
ٟRЩԥ࣬ô
ףȻǷﳵ硣ԺܸĸķﳵĳĳѳӴЩմк
⻰ֱٟRĿٟR⣬ǾôŰɡֲ׸أ˵Ļô
ٟRͬﳵǡ
ʷɿͬʱҲźԼ̫ӲûЦϲ
˳֮½ٟR磬ֳʳʶ̣ˣô䲻䣬ûҡ֮Ļ˵˰복
ڳߴߴ˵һֱ̰̣Щˣͷһĺá
һǣٟRͲ˵ׯãһ·صĽ빬š
ʷ඼ֱӸŵٹٟRСȽſĲУҲշ˶ᣬȻ滻͵ϳġ
̽Ŷ̾ڹǰţԶԶһлܻعﱨŶ
ƽ󳤹˳᳤һͽģ֣ʺ󡢽ӱҲˡ̻˳᳤˫ֺʲˡЩסȥR
ɵЦһͽˡ
ҵȲȰȥơ˳᳤˵ӱ˵Ҹһȥ
ɱ𶯡˳᳤æ
ӱЦס֣Ķһܶˡ
˳ȥٟRýԺٟRһɩһӾ˹ȥ˫סˣ衢ɩô
Цǰλˡ
ӱҲ˵Ҷġ죬ǽȥ
һݣһˡٟRһ񣬾ͱĸǶȥˡ
֣̫ſ˫۱סŮЦǻˡ
ٟRĸһϣΪ෽ʷڵټٟRûзſԼĸĸ飬ƨĹĸһ£֣̫Цס֡
ƽ󳤹¸п곹׽壬Ҳɩ㿪
ɵ෽ʷ룬ɵ۵ǵ£ĸ󶼿ˣһˡ
Բҵٟ࣬R˵ˣôǫ顣ȻתͷԸĸ˵ʡĸҸൽʱ򣬷ʷֺݵģһܴ۵ġɰۻˣҳҲôʹҾúЪϢҲвס
ൽˣʷܴҲ±عףڣѲ֪סáǰµ̯ӣɲˡ
Ȼο֮Уϲ˳졣
ǸոٟRķʷҲŹ¡壡ޣڹٳ֪ġ
ɫҲºͣǫѸٵõƣʷġµ󣬵¶ְռΪУÿֵķ¶ȥ߷صĴ򣬵Ҳη࣬ȥοգŻҩֵĴÿȥֵĴߴұĶ䡣ʿվԸлһָܻ
ʷԻŮѲ⣬ǹ޲ġ
Ҷ¶ϲ֮ɫ֣̫ɵĸӸˬּʱðչģûбõĽˡ
֣̫˴οѸƽϢȫһġ䲻ϧղŽΌ֡٣а֮ģǸҲϲܽʹԲ
Щˡҹȥÿ˷ż죬ٻس͢
˸٣ǳȥ
ٹ˴˶һۣ¶Цݡ
ʹ࣬Բ඼ֵˡ


319 ֮һ



ĵһ 
ٹ,Ǳȹ궼ٟ֡RǸɵ¶ҫ컨׹ؼȥ˲ٵطʿʲô,Ѱռʲô,µɶ˵ģ
Ǵ˵,߶߶ޣֱӰ֣̫ʧ߶κˡΪ֣̫,ٟR߶߶ûġ
ĸӦ,ٟRſһ߶ĸ۾,ֹ,˯ôĸ˯
ֻ֣̫ȺСִԼקȥ,۾ʵˡ˯˯˵
һġ
Ҳ˯
֣̫󶼲֪ٟRʲôʱ˯,ڶˡ
ִŹ˸֣ʺǰϲ,ЦŴ֣̫ͣ˵˯ǹǾͷ治Ѱܱȵġ̫˵밲,ȥЪ˰ա
֣ʺȿڲ裬ǾȻˡһR˵,ںҲѵͷȤ,пչȥ,Ƕ˵
Ҳ˵,ǰǹ˵,һͻϲ
˵Цһ,ɢˡ
ٟRȥһˣ࿪ǸϸĵĺӣѶǹģͬҲеġ
ٟRĸദĲҲȫ̫ϲҪǺ٣ǻӣʱֺĸƵģǲö׽ҲٟܳRһٟRǹСٹÿ̫밲ܿСʱС˶˵ر棬˾ͱˣϲ
Ƕϲ
ùţٟRûɱģȰѴصһ֡ǵȻйȥͣĻĸĲͣĸֱӾܿ˺üƥĸӥҵҿĺܲ
֣̫һ
ĸҲ֪ٟRϲ˵ҵҲο֣֯ʳҩġ
֣̫кЦٟRÿĸ㿴ǿĴ壬ƽʱõЩһҲѿ
ǿʿġ
ĸⶼµõٟR죬׷ʣĸ²£ĸʿ͵ģ
ʿԼΪףɡ
ԫ롣
ٟRŴͣⶼܲµĸˣ
֣̫һЦȻҪԵʿ˽⡣ο뵱ʿҼǵƾٳɼǲҲ忡ɰ
ٟRֹòû˵ɰдȶ
֣̫пߣο˳죬ʿֳ̼ϡΪ˱һˣ
ǵûСһԺǧӡԺرáٟR˵طĺ顣
͢٣ûӦٟRûԫЩ˵ȥͼһᡣ
֣̫Ϊ⣬ЩġĳĴпʿؽ黳
ҪŸɲٟRǰǿĶࡣ
ֻŸǿƷҲǿ֣̫˵
ٟRԼڣĸĸ㵱ʱôû峤
֣̫յڲ裬˵Ը⸨ҡ
ٟRɴ۾ȻֱӸĸ˵ˣ
֣̫ݸôԾʲôѲųֻ˵Щǧĺ
ǵҲûСٟRĹ˫գҲ̫ðʧˡֻڸȣ֪ĸӢء
ҲǽԵġ֣̫ȫ⣬ҲֻԵʻ᲻òִˡǿʧ⡣ӣ۷ĺǡ
ĸʾˡٟRؿ϶˵
֣̫Цʲôʱ룬ͳˡ
ٟR죬Ȿʵ
֣̫ЦٟRҲJG
ĸ̫ǫѷˡ
ǫѷůڣ֣̫Ц⣬һ˫۾ˮҾ̫ܳĲ˶ӡ
ˣٟRɡ
֣̫ĸߣЦʣ룿
㡢ʻа̫ʵۡ
㸸ʲ˵˵һ˵̫ʵ
̫ʵǿ֮ӢȻӢģҾŮ̫ɵˡǰȻҲлǰİ֮ãӿֲٽܳŮӣŮԱŮŮѧʿ̫󣬼ǽŮӽլֱǴ
ŮȻӣŮԽһͱӲοŮӳ׬Ǯ˿ɡɻ˶࣬Ȼ࣬ܶո˰͢˰ˣȻܰѹĸá
ҶΪο֮ΪλᷢСҴִ顣
˵˼ֻ
ٟRȻͦ
֣̫ףʣȵأ
̡̫λʱҲûѫο֮ңȻҲûסٟR͵͵ĸ˵ҾŻ游е㱿ġްô磬ôСֲйҲˡﲻֱĸأµģ͢ҲµģˣּɵҲں֮¡
ٟRȵ۾ڻûףҲûźõ͡
ġ
ٟRŮĶô
ٟR˵游ر͵ڰԼĳӸˡ
֣̫ǿûЦᣬִ࿴۰ɡ
ٟRһ֡
֣̫󴽽˿ڲ衣
ӢľܷΣʱ֣̫̫µ磬ٟRÿҧһڣĸ˵ǣСҴڣʿ֣ջ̻̣ͻ̽ʶ֮ʿ콭ɽڵȲˮ𡣡
ٟRŲˮµģȻ
ǺõġΣмʯ֮ģеǰ֮ս𡢾âʹѪᣬЩʹٱľЩޱҲҪľһеһУֻΪɾ;ΰҵҪ⽭ɽҪΪǧｭɽ
Ϊֻнɽ̩ƽƬİգ̫ƽĶȹ
һеľѪȻȣ
ˣɳ
ٟRһ̫ˡ
֣̫ͷƲס֮λ֣֮֮ࡣ


320 ֮һ



ĵ 
ɶɩСˣ
ٟRɾ滵ˣ
ھ˻,ӹĹĵģСˣ
ٟRҿʹԼĶ,ֵ,ɩҲûĹĵİ
ӱЦһ£ٟRȥӱϰԵὫַԼСλ,˵Ҳ̾͹ڻġ
ٟR,СֶӻСֶŮ
ڲ֪,¡
СֶСֶŮáʱɩС,Ұæһ,һ顣
а
ٟR۾һ˲˲Ķ뿿ֺ֣ܽģ,ӱݸٟRַԼСϣһûµġ
ٟRż,ַڻɩС,ٟRϸоһŤͷĸ˵Сû,
֣̫ӱЦ֣̫˵,ӻС,жҲʱ,ͻᶯˡ
ԭٟRֳ֪ʶ,ĶԽӱ˵,˵СҪرС,㶯ɩɱš۵¶ͽͷ˰죬Ҫ͸ңҰ졣
ҲۡÿҲҪ߶߶ҲеġӱЦеġ
̥Ĳ첻еȻǺ¡ӱľƽȣ֣̫ͬ˵謽İš
֣̫ǡ
ӱҲûٶᡣ
ٟRһعﶼ֡
һҲҪ￴ģοյٟRӿص³Զġ
ɼû׽һ
֣˴֣֣ŮС۫ӷ֣ϻڹſˣ֣ϴŹŮ٫hˣٹ֣ʺ󡢽ӱڣһ˵Ц
лٟR񣬶˵á
ٟR˵Բ۶ɣҲˮ½յĸ֮أҵõ۶ҿЩҲʹЩһá
֣Цڵ۶Ҳ˵˵²ܼգرڽ
֣Ҳ˵ǰ˵ն̵¶¡
ٟRȻţعüҲЩۣǫ˵ⶼӦġʵȥʱˡҾȥƣǲʹô͢Ķûʵʵڰϡ
ͺܲˡ֣ǺٟRģС³Ѳ⡣˵ҳҲٟRԼȻܸɵҳŷҲûá
֣ЦͰҲյˡ˵Ͼͬл͡ҾͲлˡ
ٟR˵͸ðԼѲɵлģֲöԶҲ밢|ƥ˸ȥ
֣˶֣̫˵еˡ
֣̫ơ
ҪŰ˺öȻǴһˡٟR󷽣⻰ĴҶЦ
ٟR٫hĻڣhƴǵʲôʱˣû
٫hЩɬˣ°롣
áhױʲôʱҸ׼ױ
ˡ
ԭһΪǰhȳģаȡ
ôȣԭҾͶİµס֣˵ˣ߷úöط˵˵䲻ȥҲʶ
ٟRͰ˵ʮġʶ˵һ飬ĺôڲǼ򵥵ظÿζܴӲͬǶȽ˵ͬһ£˵Ȥζʮ㡣
ƩôֹܵĹԱôֱԱܳǷٟRˡ
ݣǰѧݳ˾˾ٰ䣬ιѧƹݳҲյٟRǡĲҶ
û뵽Լѧݳˣ»Լ
ƹݳЩܳԼӵĲ񻹰ˣع˲ʹԼǰ
յʹͣȻҪȥл
ٟR˵ĲʹûԵĻ
оʦٹʱٟRʦԺƷԲ衣
ͷһ˵Ʒġ
˵ЦĿһֱٟRҪȷŮӵĹ
ûʶ˰ɡٟR˵ǸժģϤһŽĹӣִ𣬿ɲܳԵ档
ǺЦĸٟRȥСԺ֧̺ýаϲ㣬мһٟR棬ִֻƵİ档
ٟRõǿŵʦЦʦ˰ɣ
ҧ棬롣ʲôģS
ٟRʦӲֱЦʦ˵ҿˡ
⻰˭ţ㲻ȥ
ʦǹ񲿵ģǻˣϾǣҲ벻𣿡ٟRЦʦ㻹дŸ峤չġ
û֭ǺţٟRæӵݸڴǶܷżĵزˣ
ֲǱ˵šٟRȤʦ㻹ͦϸĵġ
Ǿһд˵㣬Ц⣬ҵ˼ǣ뷲ϵ¡Ѳ֪ΣȫȨƿؿٳʱ͵ʿϾµһΰĴʹ
ҲдţڣҲǲʶˡ
ôһǹʦ˽СٟR˵
鴽۽üҾԺβʹĺܺá
ٟRŤӣЦ
ʦĿ϶ЩûԭĿ޿ǲһģʶҲϲáٟRһСɪŬװǫѷ˵ǾȫǲҲˡ
鿴װģǿ̲Ц
ʦͽܰ໰Ѳضԡ
ؿǳ˴ʶٟRγ˫ʦ顣
ٟR˵顣
ƽʱżȫͬģٳʿ̼֡մ򽻵Żʵ׹ٳĸӣʵʵ̤⽭ɽϵġ
ֽ̤ʵصĸо
ʲôǹٳʲô䡣
ʦͽ˲ٻֱʦǣٟR˵Ҵ˺ܶʦġ˵ƥ̸ͼȥˣ峤ҲҴ㡣
ٟRӹȡһʵһϻӣҲ֪ʲôŹֹصġ
˵϶ʲôö
⻰ٟRģɣ峤ôףʦ򿪿ҪǶ㲻òĶý˻峤ó
飺ŮӽԵĲᡣ
ԫҲûʲôˣ
ʦͽ
ͼϻڵ룬׺ֵķ棬ӡšŽʫʾࡷ֣
ʦͽǲᣬҳīƮɢȻʫ
ٟRĶȡһ׹ʮᣬǹŽʫ
ٟRˣȻԫ˵ǲ峤Լһףء
㷭˷ԫĺˡ
϶ٟRԼƲ⣬峤ѧıҲǲġ
̸ͬʫʵô
ûСæĲУĶпдʫʰ
֡
һʱ벻ͨԵΪʲôʫԲˣǼһ˲һ
ٟRԹӿƾٵ£峤ĶӽǣûĻҲ۶ǡҸҹŮãʦҵת˰ۡǰӵ㸮ϣʦ㰲Ű۽ҵѡ

ʱˣ
ӦٟRиѽԫһǧٱ飬ǳʫã
Ÿʫ
˶
ߵļһȻЦ״Ԫ
ʦȹǰǰ졣ðɣʫȷǻ
ҡ£ѵԫæģԺЩ²ġ
ԵĿԲǸʦ͸ҵȻ㰡
һɳֿŮӣпҼҵǸʵˡ
ǣؼҡ
ڶ糯ͻ˹ͬݼٹϳࡢʷˣ˿ʷ̫Ϊѧȴʱˣ
ǸŹ·ŵõ
Сӣƨ¶ûɣڵ۶ˣȻҲù
£ѵǹܲţڸզأǿй֮
ǣķʷһº͵࣬ƳһȻĬƿߣĬһղĶûɷ顪
Уʲô
ǿ͵õ
ȫǿ˽õģ
ǹҪô˼أ
ߣ


321 ֮һ



ĵһ 
ٟR֣⿥,Ķ౧Թ
£ٟRǹΨһĹҲĸ졣ٟRȥĸ׶ʡʱ,ĸûиǡ
ٟR˵,аҶȥˡ
һϲ¶Ц,ʣҲˣ
ûС
Ͳ,ô֣,㰢ûУⲻһǱ磿Ҫ,ǰġ
ĸŮΪִ̬,ٟRѾѪԵǽ,ҵĸĸûԭҡʹǿĸӣԵͱˡҸĸ,˭Ȳˡ
ҭؿ,ǳ£кɡ
ǲɣվĸ߶,¶ĸϲΪȡٟR˵
̾Ҳһһ,ܸԼ⡣
ҵ⡣ͣĹӰɡû¶ĹĻֻɩ,۳ĸҲҪĸˡ
ǰҾŰӱС˫ֺʲ߶,ٟRġ˲˵Ůô,Ҳ֪صͷˡ
б,ӹ,߶һءָɵһ⡣
ƾβҲûãٟRģٟRԸ˭͸˭ȫơ
ҹ
۫
Ͼڣ鿴С¯ϵˮˣһ衣ҹ΢ĴϮ룬ɢ㣬齫ݸһյ
вʧ
һ£ʧЦԭҼҲ׽
͸֣ƥҲûһƥ庮¯Щ㵵ġһСŮܻЩġ
ɼҲǹǧ
ɼʹڣٹҲû˿ļ󡣡½ԲҹǿŲɹڰգ֮ӳݵӣٹ˿͸Զԭ£ȴҲûôš
鴹ɰյеǳɫû
ʣʲô
̾һҪƳһꡣ
һ˼ЦǺ°
Դҹճּ࣬˶ΪӦ̫ϡμӹѡ㣬Ȼͨٹиһƾں󹬵ٳ裬ûٹѹƵȫԽʳӵĹ
ҡͷҲԸн빬ǡ
ǿżַĺȻһ˿ûɵķԴ£óֻ˵˵ˡ
ദѾ¶Щ£һܣûҵġ
ЦֲĲɡ
¶ģҪ
һüëˡ⣬ԺѡҪ뿪Ǹҡ
䲻ףȴǼ¡
ˮ²ȸˡ
գ֣ٟR밲л͡
л´
һ²ŵǳˡ
ǣҾǳˡٟRǿȻ˵Ҳΰˡ
ΰС
һҹ꣬㹬˳ɨ԰洦ɼҶﾰٟR΢ʪĻҶЦʣνӣ
˵黹ܸô֣Σ빫һС԰İ˽ͤ¡
ɢ⣬ʱֵԾƱڸν£νϿơҪǣνҪ󽫹ÿҪʿһѵ
֣ʽתΪ˵ͦξɡ
ңν˵ıֱ̾Ϊֹ֣ʱˡ֣˵л´ҵҵɡ
мҡ
ҺôҲ佫ûУ֣Цһ£ʣڿ⣬ɻ˳죿
СЩСۣûϵٟRͤӵ˿ա
֣ĲҲ룬ص۶ĶǺϢܹ֮ͨ£вףȻסƵݱɼвۣҲݵġϾڸ෽ʷڿ⡣
ԭΪ»ΪҼ漮Ǻ̶뿪ܽ
ҿǹ뻹ˡҪȥƾںϵȻʿҸסҾͿǸʵòˣһʲôƵġٟR̹ʵ˵
ĵеࡣʿҲϷ䣬ΪοëͷСӣֲҸȥ
ٟR뿪ʿҲЦˣ⵹ҲǡǰôϤϣҲûǰʲôġ
߷ʱϲľ˻߷ɵûҾƳˣȻ¡οƾµõ֣ˣһа취ǡ
ٟRһ˼ѵЩ˼ѽа翴ˡ
֣ⲢδһٟR˼˵ƣٟR棬еʱڸ֮ʣҲ׽һ˼
׸
ŮǹٟRȫ˽ڳҲһ
ٟ֮RλѫΪΪٟRҪλͷĿദ
ҲٟRĵףվһߵġ
λޱȽƻĵ¡
ƻǡôͻ鲻Խ֮ġ
֣˫עٟRһԶЧҵ¡
ٟR¶Ц⣬šһԶǵá


322 ֮һ



ĵ 
,æ׼μ֣Ĵˡ
ٟRѾƻˣ,ȥ֣Ű,Ȼϻκ󳤹ϲơ
ٟRһԾԼװ,һĸ˵ԼĴ㡣
֣̫ЦССŮͤͤ,⵹,ϯ֣һ,󳤹һ,Ҳ񡣡
Ҫ㰢˵˵ٟRŴ¾תһȦ,ĸȹΣ
֣̫ë߶СĳȹŮڶڲס,ÿ,ơ
ǰ飬ҾʹٟR߽˸ĸʮŮ,紺ˮ,һ˫ˮƵͫ,ϲ_Ŀ,Ծϲ
֣̫Ůʱ,ÿ
ٟR,ҲŲҶ,Ҫһ㡣
ֶŷĵģǹüֱۣһģһ
֣̫˵ǼòɫRˮִֻۣá
ٟRòȷĸ֣̫󣬲۾һЩԸ׺ͣ˵ľ롣
ȫͬüۼǳƣ⺢ӳԼڴģ
ٟR˵ҸҲĸĸȱȸߣҾҾ͸ˡ
ĸȸӡ
֣̫Цһ˱ȡ
֣δ۶һ춯صĴšǰ칫ҵճ飬Ȼ뿪ңԼѰլӾס
Ҫ˵סҲʲô¡
ҲС
ЩǼгصģи涼ڵ۶ǵճȴլӣ˵۶һݶɣҲܺ
ҪֻլԼҲڳΪ𾪵۶¡
黹к˵峹׷үȥؼңֱߣӣӸ첲ϸһ⻹׵
ν⻹޹ǻĸҲˡ
ݴʱү߻ؼҵģ
Ȼٹľ㣬Ҷ֣̫ǣǣ벻Ҳٳĺӡ
¶ٟRǵڶˣٟR˵ҲΪ𾪡Ǿ˼ұ֣ǰֵİٟRʱͳؼȥˡ
ĸ˵СʱһֻٟRλֵӡĲ
ǰֻλ˹ĵı֣ȫٵʱû¹ڹְҴ˾˻ҪЩ
ȴ벻ĺˡ
ٟ֮࣬R˾˵̫ҽԺ仰Ժйȥƣ٣Źͷ
˾ȥ̫ҽԺٟRûͬ˾ǵҲôѺ˸Ƽء
˾˵˵Ǹˡ
ûֲѰ
һʱۻԺ˵ϴ¾ȥˣ콫ֹۣѪҩԼиСˡ
˵ٟRͷȥˡ
Ŵºݺ˿׵ĸһ㣬ŮʡʱֿʼᣬٟRȰĸ㿴Щɡ
ʶӣ֪Ƿʲôʧķ裬ôֳˡ
Ҳֱ̾Ҵ˹ȥʣҲû˵ʲô
ٟR˵飬ڳġ
ʲôʲôҸʲô󣡡⻰ٟRۡ
㵱û˵ɡٟRֳչһЩɣҲס
ޣϱûһʡĵġ
ٟRεķۣľĸֱûһ˵ϵġҪǲ̵£ճܼôҪǲ˵£ܱտڲô
ĸȰãֺŸãʷ̨ԴТ˰һ
ûʷεġٟR⣬Ҳʲô£ҴûٸֲТʷ˵Ҳ㡣
˵Ӱʹˡ
㶼顣
̾˿һû˵£ʲôʱпգȥȰȰ顣
֣˵ʲôٟRסֳ䣬ҪȰ뿪ЩҲˣǧ˵ͺõĻ
Ϊʲôһġ
ҪֻǰңпȰ֮Ȼ⻹Ҿ˾ˣҲͺõġٟR浣ֳȱ̫ȥ˵໰˵Ȱȥͺã񲻸ܣҲ
Һγ֪Ǿ̫ϧˡһҲֻһһĸˡ˵һ̾
ٟR˵̾ˣҶҪ̾ˡ
Ц
ͻȻݣʵŵĲᡣһ뺷Ϸ˿ӵɫû˵ʲô֪Ǻá
Ǿǿ಻ã˵ҪӦٹġֻҪٹڣ빬׾١ǶˣСӲǸš
пׯǰΪҪȥӰ
һҪõǰҪ
ֱԶô
οֲҪڻ飬ֻǶһˡ
Ҳá
ԭͲʺϳװ¡
ٹް»ҲӰ첻ʲôѽ飡
ɵСĪ࣬浱Щ¶
ⶼӰ첻䡣
ھ˲٣ѹʱﾰԺгһҶ価
˶Ƭ̣ѷ߽ϣƣӣĿֱϣڿ˴Ѧסѩ׵֣ȱ䣬Ǻαء
ҲΪ㣬ΪԼɫȥյģ¶Լĵɫ
Ѧ´ǣΪѣף㡣
ͫﷺһ˿ˮɫˮ˳䡣汧Ǹܵ衣ǸǸĻտԭ¡
ǣ˵¶Ҷë㡣㼰ʱԭίЩѿɼҵѡǣѡѦƱнţٽûЪվδҪ¿ѡ
ĵ㡣Ҹᡣ
ѦȡҪᣬֻӿһࡣǰܶ
Ѧһȥ飬㻹ǿҳܲݰ
ǰѵáѦ۾Цҷ緶ͬˣƽʱһһж񱻾ϸһ㣬Զ侲ݣ˵ץʱ˿ҶҪ̵ȥѦ񣬲ֻһһʧ̬ʱ֪ʲô
ԭԼͬѪᡣ
Ҵ˼ΪʹˣȻΪѱѡ
Ѧ룬ôɵļһﲻ̫ϧˡ
ѦʣҲôɡô󣬳ôãٹ»ܰѹ˳죬ҲͰһˡ
ֻ˵һ䣬ķʯתҲ
¶ģѦ㳹׷ˡ治ô˽˼Ĺʮֲ꣬һ˵ģ˵ġ⿿һˣҪοĲļ弴ʵˣкأ


323 ֮һ



ĵ 
ȫδϵ»Լ⺮ᡣ
Ѿ̫ҽ,Ҳ˶οѾʼµɲ֮ϲ,Ӧ鲻
,£ôˡ
ľ,Цôˡ
߻и߿Ϣ,,Ѧ,⼸һֱ
ѰҲô
ѦЩ,ѧǰʱ٣¸ٽ
º,ԭ˫ȫ
Ѧƽһα˿˫ȫЩܳƽѶ˵ëĹٵȷ
ӭ,ߵСԺ,ʵӲխ࿴ֱĽ
Сȥ裬ⲻȥ,ίˡ
ʲôίġ࿴飬׵ǰɡ
Ц
￴,ҾЩª,ϵİɻƿ,,ʲôľ,
¶ǵһμ,ľ
ͷR˵ѰռҶôľҾġ
תһȦֻɫЩ԰ףۣܶްС˶裬ӹԷ࣬¼ˣҲĴֲ衣
Ũǣಢ⣬ڣ˵ͷԴ󡣡
鸡ǳЦôпչˣȥô
Ҫȥ㡣࿴Цⶼڲȥƣ㲣жŻ֮ȥľ⡣ɫо仰ͬ˵
뽲
ȻҲὲԶ֧ľ
ȫû뵽Ҫ˵仰ģΪȰ͵ġ飬ϣҶá
ȫ⣬׾ĺĳ
ˣһ̸Ȱͻ׼
ֱ˿ֱ̣ʱףֻһ䡪֧㡣
ǵģֻҪ˵һͺá
ۿһĺ죬Щס򣬡ȥˡѦ˼ϸҲ˼أǼѣչ
ѦȻ𾴣ǡ²ԸѧҲ᲻벻
ָˣиѡ
񣬲ܶǡ
Ѧţſڣѵο࣬û¡ֻܷģЩٻؽˣ²üǹҡǵµɲ֮ϲܲμˣǰһص¡
ǱֵܣʱҲͬͬԣֱưܣ鷽ظʱһͬɳǲһģҸҲȫĸʱʱ߶Եʡ
ⲻС¡˵ȥˣп㡣
û¡Ϊȡ
࣬ͷһؼӭҵġ
ڴȤҰɡ
Ǻ㿪ġһЦǶȥ
ԶȥıӰ룬Ҳ˰
Ѧ̲סпż˵ºԭ
ǵȻˡЩε׾ͺĳСʱֵ飬ѹĳԲ·
һλʴ֮
Ҷ˵
ʲôѦѴ˵бģҲ˵
˵ʲôбһнͷת䣬ӰҲתԺѦôʴΪŶ󣬾Ͳб
û˵ô˵ҶʷŻҪöʮ״󵶰Ҷʷ⽴
һ
Ҳµġ
ˡ
ûšѦŹ°⣬˵ϧλĹ¡㲻ô˽ɣ
빬ʱС⼸Ĵޡ
˵һ˵
ܴʲô鿴һۡ
㲻Źرڲͬôһ˵ֹ۶󰸣д飬ÿ궼ŵ۶Ů¹ΪвӶƷ߹٣Ѳ򡣡ѦŶ˵
ʲôϵ
ƳһĶȣѦ̷¡
ҾźְΪʲôǴѲӿ⣬ǹȥ
ֻһλӣ͢ô³Ѳġ
Ѧ⣬ɷ˵һŮӶȥã¾ȥô
Щ˵ܲпᡣʵ󣬳͢ùðһЩգΪܳ͢ʧȥʧ
Ҳ̫˰ɣҲҼҶӰ
˵£һĶֵءиôģ£漰ҲһĶֵص¡Ǵһô
ðɺðɣÿɵϵвУףˡѦ˫Ͷ
ͷһؾŹЩ
˵λôȻҲҪ񡣹ܵΣȻҪȥˡҵʳ֮»֮ǲһô
Ѧĵûôӵ;ſͦġ
棬򲻸˵ġѦõͷͣǰǰ
ƳһۣȻžһѦ󱳣ֱ
Ѧ
Ȼٹִ£ôһŲš
ҾʡҲ֪ҼϰǣûġҸĸһֱţٹȹҪ¡
Сʱÿ춼ͬһȥٹʱ̫ͬĸһƿס
ǲǱȹ²˵ֽʤٹ档
Ѧࡣ
ѹֹҲ
Ȼ󣬵ڶյ˾ȫ¼Ҿ㣬˵Ǵ·ԸֻЦŽܣҷҵļοլһ㣬ʵضβ
УҲȥµл
ԺɣԺлġ
ɲ֮Ҫ֣죬ΪǲңǺܼ򵥣ٟRȥصһԾ˵Ц
⵽·ȥ˶һأԭòǺ껪˼ҫ֮£Ŀ
謼ٟRҪٟRæӲµصģš
󷽣ŴҲЩɬ
ٟRûЩ֮ĻֻܰģҲ֪ˣ±ӸõĹûС
謴һ̣ٟRԴҲЩ˽⣬ȷλĵ¡
ɩҲģǶһ顣ԺǺýá
빬ǰиĸ̸ĸΪˣƷһӶƷھġ۾ȥˣƽʱҲȱô۾ôš
۲£㾴¿ҲĺദԺҲб檣ŮģŮҪԼҲҪô̹ôS
Ÿô游㸸׶ԼʹܵҲڿﲻġ
͹ԼӾˡϲʲô鶼УֻܿȫΪͣõӰϱġզû⸣
죬Ҫ⸣±Ͷ̥ˡ
游Ҳ˵ȶաǾͶˡ
һнõӮ󣬱߼ӱߵŮżҸǵҵԼˡ
ҲԣʹΪңҲ޶ٵǡ
һһһ˫֮࣬ûĸŮɣиҲͨء
ϣ̫밲ʱ̫Ҳܺ󹬣Ҳ
ӱУɸܸɵĹָ謣ǹˣʲôģֻȥ£㶼ˣԺ»Լܡ㿴Σ
ġˬӦ¡ǸˣȻûֳפԺ˼Ǿָˡ
ӱһЦ¾ôˡ
ž֣εĴˣԭӱûȥμӣֻǰúˡȴǸĸˣȥĸһա
ɵˬӦֻȥƽҲ⴦
֣̫ҲԣаӱžС
ӱ̥ͲЦʱĸҪǾ۾ȥèһĸģǿŵġ
֣̫󣬡Ǿͺá
ӱٟRR㻹ȥǱ߶ô
ٟRţȥ㰢㣬ٵĸǱ߶ϲơ
ԣ󳤹ֻӵӴʼ£֪ȥ֣ңԾơ󳤹ˣ
˵Ķæӱֳһϲ໶ϲޣɵö׼ЩR׼ƪҪΪġ
״䶼ˡǰսһ¸ⲻ׻¸𡣡
ĴҶЦ


324 ֮һ



ĵ 
ͻŵô顣
֪Դڴ
˴ӭ,Ҳȫ׼ġͨ£Ͽӭʹ󣬾׼ʱĶԡ
з,ǲµġ佫,ǹá
ٟRҲû׼ƪ⣬һƪ,ңԶʲô,׶,ٟRȻ,һϲĽ,ֵ,ҽȥɡ˵
𼱱𼱣һġ
ٟRһ,˫һ,ͼױʹŮһܿȸ¡ٟRָţȸѡ̸վԶЩ,Ԥˣпȸ۲㡣
ʱ˵,ҡ
ȥĻҪɣٟRվһ,,ǲİٲ
ЦٟR,ҳ⡣S
Ȼ,Ϊô׽ȢֵģٟRߴ,ɡչ㣬ϲֻȸûһֻȸ
Ǵ֪ǰׯЩɴϲӣȤɰЦ
֣ⱧվٟRϣ֣ܵ׸ʱѳһλӢ֣ͦ꣬սݸ
һԼǿ
֣ϲЦ˼ǳѵĴϲ֮գüۼȾϼϲ⣬ԽʮΡ
Ժ˺ٲҽΧڱ߶Ͽ칭ϢٟR΢Ȼڽž˫һģö룬̫ˡֱ˿δȫȻӰ죬ͼǰһɳпȸۡ
ŵڶҲļ׼
ԺжʱֵĻ
ٟRҲŹƣ鴫
ЦƳ֣գʵ̲סָٟRͷ˸ġٟR۽ʹŲ첽֣뷿£ܵγˮˡ뿪š
Ŵڴ򿪡
ȥ֣ҲһϲڴͷȰڽգֱۡ
㣬ɩ濡һӭ׵ĽܽμˬʵĴ֣̾ɬѣЦ
ǰԺĸϿ״Ԫɽֱ޼ֻ˿ӣȡɢһȦӵãקһ½䣬Ͻּȫְӱϲġ
СҲһλӭʹѡ
֣˫ֱվһϣͷٟR⣬³֪̾ı߶Ĳҿױְðɣ֣ҲǱ֡
ͼ֣ǣΪֵͬ˵ԭҲЩȽڣΪʾ֣أȷܷĺ⡣
Ů̫ʦΣҡ£ܽһ
ƽʱƽ۽ġ
֣⻹һĶԸǻͬġ
ǡ
Ա
ٟRڱ߶͵֡
ֵ֣ʱ֣أ뽪һ񣬻¶ǳЦ
󻹵ö֣Ⱨȭ;ˡ
֣ǰɱáһ·ɽ·ٟR棬֣͵ҵϲϡ֣ڳͬõİɡٿɿ
ٟR˵㣬һҾ͵
ͷһؼΪѹĶٵɼҳϲƵġ
󲻷³УǾһɡ
Ҳһǵȸ֣ҵƳһȦ߽·
֣뽪˵ģġȥɣ𵢸鼪ʱ
㲻ٵ飬һȭЦӭ¸ظȥˡ
ʱ˳ףϲӶҪƺôһȦ·ң·߲һ£Ԣⲻ߻ͷ·ٟRϲһǶԵģԼŹ˻ܿ͵󳤹˵γĿУ
ΪȢ㣬ó汾ˣģˢˢȸۡ
⣬ȫ۶Ҳû˳᳤ЦR߶ģøġ
˻ô󳤹֮ģǡ
ٟR˵ǸСһģԺ󰢫hʱҲҪһϰ׹ݳġ
٫hûǺ˲裬۫ӷ֣ЦеأҿɵøŮ˵һǰ׼
šҪġٟRԺҵѳףҶҪ˿Уص˫ȫС
ӱЦ˵ô˾˵üȸء
ٟRƣ࣬ʮ
˱ʾ
룬Ȣ¶ϿɵĹŮҾµĿУôȵˣJ
ٟRڳŵ졣Կȸĵ¶ٿǱߣã˶ԽĽڳޣຬЦִյѵƤҲ˸⡣
ȷʵѧ
ڵ۶֮ãҶżȷȤ
Ҫ˵ѹľǰ׹ݳˣ׹ݳھµףĸԣϷ㲻£վͲˡJS
׹ݳа֣Ը񣬶ľ·
˵׹ݳľϵжߣϵ־жá
Ҳ
״󽫾׼еոǿӵܣӵڼϰȸۣһ׼ˣ˳˳İϱȢ
չδܳ¾ˣʷδȻ½ԪһȻףǾΪҵĵ۶ٵ½Ԫˡ
¿ƽԪԴ˵йС÷ϸУҲѹ


325 ֮һ



ĵ 
Ҵû˵,ٟRװģŵĶѹɤŤŤѧ,,ˣ뿪š
һ᲻Ц֣ʺЦ,ɵֱӹЦΪ,˭ײ˰ʱ
ٟR,ȥӻɩʱνŵģ
,,Ͼû㲻¡
һġɩ˵
ӱЦʼҹһһжǲд,㵽ʱԼȥǲ֪ˡʼҹȻϲ¾ׯضˡ
ٟRҿǻϲ˲áҲ,̧ȥ,˵Ҫȸѡ鰢ļԹûǰ͸Ŷðǰϰһ˵ȸ۾С,˵ҴȥС۾ȸ
֣̫Цֱ£вյ,á˭ġ
ܺð,һֱ˵ǰٲĺü,Ȼ鴫
ⳡ,֣յҲ
֣˽ʱ˵,ƼҵϵǧƼҹ۶,ȥ裬ŮǸȫĺӣż⺢ӵ˲࣬ȸնˡ
֣̫ףƼҼҽһ򲻴ѵ۶һΪһӶ̤۶ء
֣ڨЦ
ٟRʣĹɣ˵Ƽ峤ô
ǡҲ˵Ƽҹɣ
š˵磬˳Ѫֽ
µ沩ʶʮǰ¶֪
ԭƼһݡٟRĸ˵ĸƷ˽˵˵
ҲաҲЩûˡ֣̫ɼҪۣʲôãǷ
֣˶֪Ҫ˵ʲôԲˡ
ٟRֱ֣֣˵ٿĸôһˡɼ峤й֮
֣̫󣬡ţҲ֮ĻǷ켫ˡ
ٟRЦ
ٟRЩֵ֣ˣ裬Ϊȸո綨ףǸ綨أǳ֣ǰҲðΪȵġ
ֱ֣ӱסˣܲ˵óϾ٣ܻùźס
֣ó˵Ҳȸ˵׵ģǰռ²ܼɮ˵Щ׷Ե
ԭٟRΪ֣ϧÿٹ꣬ҪϹˡ
֣̫֣ʺ֣뾪㵵˵ٟRΪǲϹ˼ĵΪǽͣ˵ָͺܴûȢϱˣͽϹ
Ϊ֣һ뵽Ϲûǰ;ĴԼܸɵĳϣ֣˶ɴֱȥˡ
֣̫Խ⡣J
֣ʺ˵Rǹ˵ţǺ˵Ļ룬۳ŵܵöˣû䣬ͺѹˣ㻹˵͸ѹô
ġŲҪѹĻ裬ңҿһ°磬һ׼ͺˡ
֣˾ٱӦ£ð
ʱŹв⣬ʱ־ӹϵ
˳Ļš
֣˲˵Լˣæ⣬˵¸¾ӣƼҹһͷţ
ǰҲ֪ˡ
Ѵȫˡ֣˲⣬ƼҹֲǽԪΪθţأ
ٟRЦе˵еʣΪȥƹźͷŻ˵ǱذҿŷǷ˵Ҫˣһͷţ
֣˾㵹Ц
֣ʺ˲Ÿ࣬ǰҲһӵڰǳҵﱲ
⡣ٟRǳĵ߸ӣ֮ǰڹѧ飬ɼһֱõĻȻ
֣˼ٟRԹ˽⣬·ǳ塣
ٟRѳԣһλ¾ˣѦһ֮֡ǰڽС٣λڰϣһʱ佼̫ƽξִǹٿԣ˳ϰ񡣽ŶʮꡣЩңҵ٣һλʿ
֣̫ҿ괺ǳɼɡ
֣˻ؼңѹǡϹ۸֪˳ӣ֣Ц֣˱ִȫޣ㻹Цġ
ڿЦ䰮˵Цȴһзִ磬Ϊλ˵Ļأ֣˼㶮ˣΣĸαسѣռ
ǲȻô˵أ
˵Եʣˡ
ǺԵʣҪô𣿡
Ǿʵ߹ڲ˵׷ʵġ֣ɱٳˣǿˡ

ڶ죬ٟRյ֣Ŀţ˶ԡϹһʵĿ⣬̹˵öǰбԭ򣬵ռԽ밲̹档
֣̯ϣٟRһ˿ľζЦӳŴôǻġٟRĸ˵ɱȾʵˡ
֣̫һ£¼˶ĻǼģʱ̹Դ
գ֣밲
ٟR˵ԴӿһûȥġݼҲҪںпգǳȥ䡣
֣²ȥĶԸ㡣սһΪ밲Ҳ뽫ǰĸ֮£̹档
ٟRˣ˵ɡ
˽¸ߵ¡
ȥͷ԰䣬ǱʯѰջ;ա
˱ȥٹС԰ãҲůůġ˾ǴŹԶԶ׺ں棬Щ¶ٟRĶͷ޳ĿüԼü˫ۡ
յʵͻȻĸһң˵˵ó˵ˣһʱͿˡ
ٟRһЦ
֣ҲЦˣɫľջ辰ʯţ֣ٟRʵȫɡ游ʱҴ򱱹ظϻص۶游˵һŮ˵ŮǳáʱŮСҲһ㣬ͻ֮⡣
游δһֱڵҲǱ˴⣬Ҳ޴Եһֱûס
֣Ŀ̫֣أٟRҲûЦ֮ġĿͻͻ£°͹֣ɵŬˡȻҲܳڣĽҵ˿϶ɽʤа
֣⿴һűҺû˵ĽŮǹɡ
˵һѾȻңٟRȭҲһȭɣ
֣ЦٟRҲЦ˴˵Щɬ
⻨治
Ȼˡ㿴̾գÿ
ʲôʱģ֣ϴδ¶ۼ
ⲻǺѰɡٟRʣǰ㣬λᣬһֱ̹¶ô
ǵûС֣̹ϣߵ¼ǰɣȻҶԵ´Ľ֮⣬ػʵ棬֣ؿһңѡݡ
Ҳֱ̫˵㡣
֣˶Ľ֮˶ֱӣҲҳϡֿ֣ҲǶԵĴСӦ֪֣ϵϵӴɲ֮¡
ٟRһ룬
֣ӵܽԵճҲû˵֣Ҿ˾в檡
Ҷδ⣬ιʣļҹô
ļҹ棬ˣ֣˶Ը鶼ꡣң֣Ů֣Ӹ߲Ÿ緶
ٟR̿ˬֱӰ
Ȿʵ


326 ֮һ



ĵ 
Ѿ֪ˡ
š֣Щ,Ǻľܾɡ
ǡֿ⣬յˡٟRһ̹ϵĿ֣⣬ڻܴӦ,ҶҪǺܸߵġΪҷǳӻԼ,һһ⣬ҲͬԴ,һǳء
ٟR˵֣,ӦġȻ,Ҳסֵ,һбҸѡأµȻѡǲǣ
ֱ֣ӿٟRеС̡
ٟRȫ,Ǵ£һҪ˼ڱϿ񰢺ȽϳԿ,ʵǲʶҵ⣬ѾȷϺһʱˡҵҲҪһʱ˼
֪Լ̴Ӧ,ǵǶôʵľ
֣,¶ûôһ˿øУ
ٟRǳЦЦԣǴСʶ,⻹ôҪǺϲӦúɡ
һǺ,ô֪أ
ܼ򵥰
ϴ
,ܸ㡣ٟRЦ
³ԺóԵġ
Խ,ǲ˵ġ
ôˣ
ô֪,ҾͲ,ͽܡٟR֣Цһء
ǹŪɡ
򵥵һ۾ܿ
ܡ֣˼ᱻһۿ,¶ԷٟR
ٟRЦ֣ϵϵȷʵص㡣G
˵ˡҪҳԺóԵôȥĶȥ󳤹ܿ㡣
㲻ȥˡ밢ȥׯˣ˵ȥԡ
ĺ¾Ȼң
°ĸ˹ȥŮŮ쵽гԷþܾˡ
ٟRЦ
˳ȥﾰŶõġ֮ǰ֣ԽٟRͻعŸ˻ؼҡ
ٟRǲµӣͲסĸĸ֪֪ҵ£
֣̫󷭹һҳ飬ϹǰйʣϣĻ
ôѽٟRĸʡ
ʲô˵ġͻСҵٿ˵ϹãˣûӦ֣̫һҲٟR˿ɱȣȻŮΪһ
ٟRĸĸ찢˵ˡ
װװɵ
԰ֿ⣬ôװɵأ
̧֣̫ͷʣ㲻Ӧʲôɣ
ûС˵Ҫһʱ䡣
Ǿͺá֣̫ȽѡУһԺиøͶԵģȻѡõġ
⻰еˡ
Ӧñ˭
ĸ㻹ġ
ʵ
ڶ죬֣̫̫̫ЯŮƿ
֣ʺٟRμμ档
̫̫ճ£֣̫ĹкѣҲ֣˵׵Ĺ衣ƼңЩһֱɷؾס
̫̫ɷε۶Ʒ죬ϼ峤
̫̫һٟRʹΪԾλĸµ̫̫֣Ҿ·˸Ӱһ㣬ˣһ֪һˡ
ƹһ֪̫̫Ů
ٟR̲סпֲþ̾ҪƹȥϱǼֱĸŮһ񰡡
̫̫ƹﶼЦˣƹһЩصˬҵһμ;ŸУû񣬲Ҷ˵
ر񡣾ʱ϶һٹʮʮ꣬ĸòˡ
̫̫˵滺һֲţһ֣˲ͬ
ﻹһǵһμɰ̫̫λƽ׽ֲʧС£۶ĴŹµȴеĸá
ٟR֣Ǵعôڴ˵ҵأ
̫̫£ǿǱԣϿؽĺ֮ءˮϵϢĿɿˣǳغһͶ˵ˡ
ٟRǫѷǶӦΡֻҪǿָǰԪҾͷˡ
̫̫覵ıԣ¶Цݡ
֣̫Ǿɽѣδ˴໰˵ٟRһƹﵽ԰ȥˡ
һס
ƹԴǣشϣһȵ۶šƹﻹͨ񣬾ѧϰĶһЩС£۶ģׯˮھ
Ҽһʾˮɲ׵¡ˮһǳ͢Ĵ£˵ׯ볯дȣҲ಻֮
տʼŮҲ߻أǳˮͼֽȥвоˣĶ鼮Ūˡƹ˵軧ֱҪͰǡҲõڶ⸶ǮȻõˮ̷ָ軧άÿЩӣҲԸ⡣
ƹ˵ʵѣǶ࿼һЩÿպҪѲһˮȻӽάѲӣҲ͵иġ
ƹ˵ˬ˵ʱĸ̫̫һ㣬һɵĴݵķ緶
ֲþ˼ôŶϱ
ٟR˵Ƽҵļҷô
ƹɬѣŮֻһЩ΢С£ô˵Ƽҵļҷأ
ߡ˵ֳҲһ۶׼괺ǣ游Ƽ峤Ҳ۶ˡ
ǡ֪
ǰιӼʱʮĲŸɣˡٟRЩпȻӼԭûɣ¹Ӽе¹󲿷ǵⶨ
Ҳ游峤μΪ֮·ǳ
ƹҪǫѷһٟR˰֣㲻ãнһ׮󰸣ǰ̰̫Ѿ˴ΪΪȻɱɿɺޣ룬˱زһʼͱ仵ġ˿ȡ֮ײףҪı˵뷨Ҳ⡣ҸпΪ岻ܾóأ
Ӽ壬ӵܵİ취ӦԼĵáٟRʮ峤̸һ̸ܷѧϰһҲ̸֪ãԺڼӵܶ棬ܽӵܣΪ͢Ч񲻸ô
ƹЩֶٟܳR̵ɫĵ壬ݵŮؼңؽ֮ת游
á
ƹһɻ󣬿ֱʵô
ֻʡ
ΪҪŮת֮⣬Ůĸ̫Ǳ߶˵
ĸǻĸѣ룬£δҲǿѵġ
ƹ΢΢º񰮣Ů֮º⣬ŮΪת
ƹĸһ𱻴ٹţأȫѷ۶ŮؼҺ游˼ĸ
̫̫۶ţۼӳЩҲԵЩôˡ
ĸҿʮֿУǳ̣ԡ
̫̫뵽նԹӹŮ²裬Եһλ֮


327 ֮һһ
S


ĵ 
ٟR֪ĸ񲻴ϲƼ峤,峤»Ǹĸһ䡣
̵̽˵£֣̫㵵Ķ˳ԣĶ˵̵˵ģ
ʱ֣˵ģ峤Ҳ˵峤̵з
Ǳƭѽ֣̫ҡͷ̾,˻Ǻױƭġ
ҰѶʮĴǰ񵥿˿,Ƽҿƾٳ˵ӵܾʮˣɼҵȷ˲Ųϡ
峤,־Ϊ˲ϼ顣ֱ֣̫Ӷԣϻȫֵһ,ˡ
ôأҿ̫̫밢Ϊ˺ܺá
Ǹʲôϵأ
Ҫ峤,̫̫ô޸أ
ѱһʱͿ,ʶ˲塣
ٟRЦ,ҿ̫̫Ƿ޺ܶģҲܸǫѷˡ
Ҫ֪R,ҪǼиɲĵˣ˾͵ƴŬˡ
ٟRЦͣĸĸ,ĸô峤µӰ൱,ôûΪأ
ұͲϲֳֺļһҲ֪Ķֳ棬ˣɫ,ѰȢˡ
ɼɷ֣̫ȫ¡
峤϶Ҳŵİɣ
һ
֣̫ͬ峤ۣ峤˵ϵзǹʹ,п,һ뵽ٹ,зˡ
Ҫ,ٳ̫̫,һ,Ƕڣ°ɡ
ʵ¡
Լ游£ƿԭΪʮþȣû뵽游Ȼ̫ｻô
Ÿ游һᣬ游ܾҲŲȥ
ΪΣƿ游̺õľɺˣرɣ游ر
峤ţ㲻йƭ˰ɣɵѾͷ㻹СٹĻһ䶼š
ҿ̫ºִơ
ƭ˰ɣ
游Ĳ̫ǹ°
ٹһģ϶һģһ峤ҡͷûٹζˡ㾹ȻദĲ
ôãң游رߡ˵μзееĳߡ
ֹάڹж㲻ġ
һֱĬĬзĳȻ˵ΪҪά游أҪ˵μз²ѷۼҵĿ϶кܶࡣ
ڵУ춼ѡ
ã²;˵˰ɣ
źװһȣ峤ŭ游ѵμзееĳߣ
࣬Щ·ܼ˵ĸġٴΰһҪŬ飬ҪУ游ԶԶġ
ƿЦ磬ܶ˶ϲ游ġҿ۶УزҲһϯ֮ء游ǲ̫о϶
̸ϣǾǱ˴˲ϲ
Ҫһˡ̫ｫһ㡣밡Ҫ¾±̫ǰ˵ûƿ游ߣ游黹ʮ˽ģ΢΢һЦĻ̫͵ôϲĺɽֹһۣһϲ̫˵϶Ƶˡ
ĿɿڴĿãʲô
ͼ游Цһյƣ˻
峤ƿ֪游Щ񱣬Ȱֻ빫µˡƼҵҹǹϱ빫죬ƿ̹ڼұþ磬д¡
ٟRͦԸȥѼͣ峤ԣйطþҰ裬¿񲻼ƽϣȴΩֲܾ⣬ʧ֮顣ڼұƣԴ¼١
ٟRĸ峤ţⲻͦġ
ǲ񡣡
ĸɴ峤ͷ
һûôС
ٟRЦĸҪ⣬Ҿȥơ
ǹƭҲ
ѾԸҵǸˣ˵ڼȰ游峤Ը˵֪ԵʣƺǱ˴˲ͶԷ
ٟRЦеغ峤ţίģʲôвͰǱ˴鲻Ͷ
˭Ͷ
̫̫ѽ
ϱǷծ
ٟRæµȥƸƼȻظӭٟR峤ʱ澪һӡ
峤Ͳᣬ̫̫׷峤ǷīΰƣԨȣȫһ˿̬
ٹǺõˣ֪ʱһλڵӡ
ѹĸ˵ɫ
ٟRֱӾ˵Ҷ峤ĽѾãռ밢峤ǺεȷɣȻǱһá
峤Եɪλµĸ۹Ķ࣬ǫѷ¹Ƥˡ빫С
ٟR̤ƼҴš
Ƽڵ۶լӣƼʷ֣֮ϣٟRдĺݲͬլ侫̣ȴ
ңѰ˼ΪԺ䲼ֲͬƼһ԰Ժͤ԰
Ȳ衢;ٟR峤ڻʯԵĳ˵峤ѾŪ׹ǴĶˣСӰţӵһ֣СӸȤ˵һȻǸӡ
֣ǾӣƷڡ
峤һ̣ȿڲ裬ţ֧Եʡ
ʲô˼ٟR֣һҪã֣ҵ֧ѵã
Ķ˵ãֲǲҪˡ峤֣²Ϊ˶Һܺðɣ
ɰǸ밢նôҹϵӦòǡ
Ҹ֣ҹϵһ㡣峤ӵľǲ֣׵ġ
Ǻţڼ
ţҼЩ¶ӾңƺҲԡ峤ҡͷҲðɡʱֻ
ٟRԲ۾ʲô˼ʲôʱѵԺ󻹴ٻ飿
峤ôҶ֣ҵۡ
⻹ô϶ǺûٟR˵Ҳʶ֣Һܶ꣬Ƶ˵꣬Ҿȫٸ˵ˡԻʱʵĺá
峤Ц
ٟRҲЦˣѵ
ðɣȻܹһ֣ҡ
峤ף̬Ϊѯʹ£ô
šҿƼ꣬йٟ֮RҲֻӲתƻ⡣
Ҳûʲô֮ʵƼҲк֧ܶû䣬Ҳ˲Ф¾ҼҺƼ壬ʵ֧ͶϾʮϣӻǱ֧ڣϡ

ǰ峤ЦѲΪƼɱӣԵļ岻ͬ
ʶƼ˶
Ϊǹ۵ģЩ˴ͺñ··ĵ鲻ԽӲݣ˭أ
峤꣬ûʲôĵã
ĵð峤˼ڤ룬˵ЩûʵƯϧǸ˵ѵˣֻõһ㲻̫ǣԼٻģҪһģ԰ѧźãͲˡ
ûأ
ȻСһ鵽ͳ壬ٸǹٸ¡ǹһ£ԼǾŻĲࡣ
ûбİ취أ
ôأԼƣж񡣶ǲܱģ˿СССͣ͡峤ֻҪ֤ǼǿҵĹ͹ˡ
˵ĺܼ򵥣ֺô򵥡
򡣡
ɽƵʥ֮ԣٟRǲܵġʣ˶٣
֮һǧ࣬ڵľͲˣϾ˼Ҳҹܡ
ٶˡ
͢أ֮Ҫڵģѵ֪
ҲʷرôһΪôҲһġ
˶鷳ûչôЩˡ
Ϊ۶ٟRź֣˵峤ʮǰǹٺ󣬾ܼӵһֱпƾٽԼȴδ̤۶һ
βá峤ԶڽϣдŸңϣڵ۶ꡣ
شѳٟR֮⣬ɸ֮Ϊʲôꣿ
òĸʹҩģٟRһ㡣ãϥһһŮʶģǰĶӣףûƾҽ飬޼ӲΪ档
ΪʲôҪ峤ڵ۶أ
峤۾΢΢ϸЩٟRκܲƺϹꡣκμ壬һϵ֧ͻл֮ˡοһ漰λСҺܿһ׮֮Ů֮ӾҪˡ
ٟRԾȣҵû˵
̫ãҲ죬˳˵ˡ
ǳ֮¡
ٟR밲࣬˵ˣͲ֮λ£һعĸһᡣй񰲹С֮͢󡣡
лԮ֮⡣²Ҫ֡峤΢ůҲǰ˼λҫĵλҲӦΡӳˣǿ֮ģԿϮӲԾǾ֮ˡ
ΪӲ齶ٟ꣬RֻЩŹ£ǲ̫졣Ȼ˺޲Ϊľ»˵žͷţɼЩ֮ġ
ٟR֣صǴ±ȼ¡ʼҴӲлŴ£ΪԼһ󣬻ʼһҵĻᡣ
峤ĴָʶĦָһؽڣ֮⣬ػת
ٟRǺ̫̫ŮȥЪϢԼɷҲطȥˡ
̫̫һ裬ɷĦָʣΪ֮ô
峤ӹˮһ̾Ȼٹȫͬˡ
Ȼˣѵһˣ
ҵ˼峤齣˵ȫֹ֣˵ӡ
·޶̫̫꣬Ҳȫɷ֣梵ĲʱͲ̡ɷཻĪ棬ȴҲԥվ֣һ
һϵת֣ɷҲԡ
֣˿ԼֶŮ뵽ҹλֶܵŪûˣ̫̫ѽֶǰ¹ˣֶŮϵܺãɷ˵ҿ˼ðġ֣С
ֻҪϹܿɡ
̫̫ɷֱһǣΣ
̸ֵô峤вûϵҿ֣빫ϵܺãڹռһϯ֮λⲻҪٱ
Ǹ׽ô
һ֣ұҪٱ峤ȿˮ֣Ұܶ˿Ϊ֣ŪȨҵ֣˵ĲŸɣʵõ֮š֪ʱ˲ûʲôԵʣһֱûܹȫԦǵľȨɣ͢䵹ˣȴ˻ʣѸ͢ŪɸͷΡ
ߵˣ֣ҪĲҪܼԦǣǣʹǡ
ô
ٹ֮ϡ
峤ۡ


328 ֮һ



ĵ 
ĸαȥԼ,ٟRع֣̫ϾЩ,Ծˣ
ƻǲġٟRս,ƽЩƻƾƣ֣̫һ㶼ܡ,ȥƼң֣̫˵,Ƶ,һҲ֪ʲôء˵ٟR,ĪļһԾ,һҲȾζͲˡ
ôءٟRЦеشյĸߣȥ,ȥȥƳ
ٟR˵о㣬ѣִȥĸ˵,ҿ峤,֮ˣǺܿ׵ĳĸ֪峤Ϊ۶ô
дŸ޼,ġ֣̫ˡ
㶼֪ٟR˵,ɼ峤Ǹֵиˡ,ƼֻȸҲҪˡȰʱ,ȥո,ˡ
˵һͨ,Ҳһġ
;ʳз,չＸݼٽع빫һ顣٫hױʱһȥٟRһˮƽ٫h֣ӱһġ
٫hлҵ͵еĶٟRʱһ°׹ݳ˾˼ұǧٟRҪǿ๫ȸۣǾ䲻еġ
׹ݳĹ٣ҵȻȸˣڸĥ̴İӣвٟRԭ㽵Ѷȡ
ȫ¡٫hĸٟR˵˵ֻķġ
ôСģ
٫hĬĬͷΪԼδ⣬Ĺٶģ
ǾˣҶֿɡ
ֻܳ٫hŷɣü۶ڷ⣬ʲôϷѲס
ЩĻٟR뿪۫԰ʱԶԶ֣ڳ˵J
̴ٟRһУǰ֣⣬֣һǰ
էǳɫ֮ˣٟRЩȻϲЦ磬ҲˡӿɺЩˣ
޴ˡhõĺӣпգ͹ûлǰҩ֮ڴһлˡЩԵЦűȭһ
л⻹ӦôٟRӸ˲٣밢£šٟRҲ׽ȴҲϲľϣ㱣أҪȥˡԺ£ֻŸҡ
á
磬ˡ
֣ͷ߻мλŮһȭͱٟR
ٟRȥ뵽ٟRո¶׽õĶ֪ٹ谮һֱƴǰ׽ңΪˣĸûٷա
¶һ˿Ц
ƹ翴Ҵ̣һֱ׽İɡ
֣ԣġ
ҡͷЦֽ㿴Цˡ
һ˿㲻֪δ֣⣬ҿǺġġ
鿴֣⣬Сʱ򾭳һ𣬺˶ѡ˻ʳӰͱС꣬׿֣ΪСݣʳӵı֣ʳദĺܺá
֪ιʣ֣ȻͲˡ
֣һ֣ա
㣬Ҹоϰɡ
һ֣°ͣ˵ҲܱϣʹС
鱻̱ɫ֣࣬Ӧû˵ɡӦԼνĵѹեã֪ȷѡȴȡѻãͼĳɾ͸סĳɾ͸ѳɡ
֣⣬ˣûѪôҧʡ
ֲʯͷĳģһҲΪƴҵѪסҺͰǴҵѪ޳ˡ֣ͷѪ״ʲôأֻǧϵеһ֣ѵͱѸ߹ôĻȫضѦеΰ
ιǺûֵһ£Щ±ɡҿɲӸҵ֡
Ѧڶ䣬վϡ
ҵΪ֪ǷһδεŬͼǱף;ѪӦ¡ֱ֪ӿѪҪѣ췸̱㿪ˣôӦûаɡĸ߹أ
ѦԲѷ֣Ŀ̱
֣¶ĵͣиܺõѰ
ⲻԡϲӬһ㣬
̧֣Ҫߣֻסһ¡
֣ͣ¿ԺҲǰĿбӵ̬ȡ
ԴҶϽ֣û˵ˡʵǰŬûЧҲֻܰˡû뵽Ͼϵ֣Ȼͬˡ
ǰװʶء
֣ϾܾСѾŻصҵˡҪʲôʱҺȻ£˵
ҿû㵱ѡ
¡֣ת뿪
Ѧ֣ⱳӰ˵ǰж֣ҴүЦŭƽ׽ˣô񻻸Ƶġ
⻹˵ôαװʵʿɻˣƭˡһקѦӣ

hõĺӣȫˣ
ºٟR֣˵أǰȫһˡ
ǰǰǱûڿϴ̶Ȼɰˡ
ҲͺôٟRʡ
֣¶ϧįɫֻҵΪѣǲϰҵѵġ׿ڸ˵ġ

ɲô
ʲôԵأ
ǡ
֣һͨƪܸ֣
֣įһʣ˵ȥݷƼ峤ˣ
ӹ˾ǶĲ裬ȷһյٟRǰκ̫ܲƽݵġ
⻰ô˵ҵŹ峤ձ£Ҳʮǰ˰ɡû˵ز̫ƽ
֣ͬϹӣǱ߶ӣΪ⺷ս볯͢Ƴͷ塣峤ȫǰѪսǵ֮սбפأ峤ʿάֱ̫ƽҲǷǳҪġ
ԭ֪˳峤һ˵ˡ
⵹峤֣Ц˾Ĺ
ٟRĲ֪˵ʲôˣģô֪
֪˲ࡣ֣ĸٟR˵ǶʱأߵϣһУ䵽կ
ٟRԲ۾סͣ۾Ц⣬֣⣬Ϸ羰ôΪʲôҪȥ˵سΪ
֣Ц⵱ȻԵʵġ
ʲôԵʣ˵
֣ⲻĶյڣƳٟRֱ߶һۣٟR̶˸ԣ˵׼˵صθڣ
֣ԿǸ⣬ֺһز裬ŲĸٟRŵͷ쿴еĲǶ࣬Ͼಢˡ
ǿе˭𰸺ٟ֮R·һѹѵ峤
ǡͷͻϮسǣԭΪʮþȣӲ硣ùسǲ£Ԯһֻ³կԵʱǸվڳǽʰսӡ󣬾ǸӢۣ׼͢ŪկŮֻ֤Ҫ͢Ӧ£ͰֵַĹ˳͢Ϊ͢á
ܴӦ峤ôɼ¶ûɣ
ֻ˵һ롣ʱ峤峤أֻ峤ӣοֲǻʼңһͨգܰˣֶΪء͢ʵͦĶ峤ս͢۶͡
һе˫ȫ˼Ǽ޵կɺΡ
ƼҲǼˣ˵峤ĸײԸ⣬峤ҲԸȵʮֿ׮ǣд󳼷׷ȥƼȰ˵
ǺǶȢ˶أ
𼱣˵峤ͻȻɿˣǵˣرϳ͢ý˹Ϊ͢Чȵ۶ͣж͡
Ȼ峤ųҪΰš
Ҳ֪Ƽҵ峤˵ͷͷǵ͢Ӧˡ
ţ峤˵Ƹһȥѳ˵۶ӵܣ綡µǿƵĽʿ£ϸ֮ˡ˵峤˼ǣôҸһ𿴿ϵΣҲΪ֮͢սǡ
֣ٟRҪ㣬𲻴Ӧ
϶Ӧ峤ͦȫġ
ǰҶţƼҶԳ͢Ĺ֣̾飬ɶ벻ķչ峤һѶȥկȻԭѡկȻ鶡࣬Ƕ಻ˡ㲻ȢҲɣҲߡƸ£˿ˡ
ٟRɴ۾ôȢ˶ô
š֣ͷ
Ƕôûկ
˵峤壬ͷͬöس١֣ⶼ̲ס꣬游򱱹ض꣬Ҳٶ̣һ֮Уƽաÿÿ亹͸ǡ
峤ǹİɣϹǵһȥկðԼ
֣ݸ峤ϵġ
ҿϹʱҲһȣңϹ佫Ӣ쪡峤ҲسӢ˱ͷУΪβϹǶأ
峤ԭͷ죬жĿǶˡ֣أŶ൱η֬۳͡ѧʶһߺѧկ˼ҹѧϰвվ֮
ٟR̲סЦ
֣ҲЦ
ҿͦģɲ֪ΪʲôһرЦٟRЦһ󣬡峤ôô
иɥĲġ
ʲôٟRֱҪ
֣һȥկģŵϳ¹Ĵ֡
ٟRûЦŶʣǺ̫̫ɵģ
ȫƤӳĺá֣룬һ˴կص۶ʲô顣游ϳ¹˵Ҫǰü޸峤˶ҲӰϳ¹ҲųƼסӲûס峤Ľ
ȫ峤Ȼôթһֱͦɶ˵ɶġ
ǶıҪôˣؾս£סسһô
Ϊ峤񲻴ϲҵӣϹսѽ
Լ游֯˰ɡ˵û峤Կͷ峤һֱԩڵġ
ʱҲȤġ
ٟR˵
ʶϹʱǶѾǾصسȫ벻ʱȤ
Ȼˡ˵ǵڵ۶ҲǹӣȴܲͲһ·峤կȥկɽ游˵·СʿգԸһͬǰȥʱһҵĺ顣
пҵ̶ʦһ
ٟRЦ֣ͣ˵ɱ´Ȥ࣬Ҳǵ¸صĳ
Ҳ֮¡룬ܵ붡Ҳһٳ϶˽¡ǱϹǰЩûġϴϹǴʹǼǰˣҼǵǵʹľǿɡҪǵĹҲˣǿɾҪСˡ
ҼǵúһλŮ
ǰʱŮյǻǴʹǻ϶ڻû˳ںüˣû˳ĵطҲ˳ˡ
ٟRЦǱС죬ȴҲпɰ֮
Ȼ
֣⿴ٟR̹ĵЦҲ֮¶Цݡ


329 ֮һ



ĵ 
,ǰٟRϿΡ
ٟRԭûЦģһ뵽֣ЩȤ£ֲЦ,ֱһ͹Ц
౻ЦĪ,չＸҲ⣬¶ɻɫؼȥ,֪˽ڡ
ºιʷЦ鱾̰ŵĴһ˿Цʡ
ûʲôûʲôٟRЦͣ,һ̲סЦ
Ц,м˵Ȥ¡
ٟRЦһ,ͣ,Цʦ㽲ΰɡ
Цˡ
ٟRЦ,ڰ֣òá
ĪǳЦЦˡ
ٟRֽЦ
չ˵ʦ𶺵,ǱЦѨˡ
ٟRЦ,˰ѲԺЩ
಻֪ǵ֪εȤЦȥ̰Ρض,רΪʣ涼һЩ
տγ̽,ٟR˵,ʦ,»ؽһطס
ðٟRһŬЦ,֪ٟRЦɶ,˵,ŵȥݷƼĶˡ
ٟRЦŸ˵ͣǲʶô
ǿɲѡవϼһﲻ֪ôºұŵЦģʲô
һɫ·µö˼ơǲǣ
ǡٟR˵ʵ룬峤˵ýˣô
¸ʮ꣬ྐྵ޳ܻû³һѪŭ㳼ٳ⻰ҲʮɥĲ񣡡
úúã˵˲˵ˡٟRʹŲûЦûҰ֮ϲġ
˵ӣԺЩǷһЦķıﻶϲĺܣ˵ҪдлӡҪдĻ̫࣬ڼġ
ٟRЦֻ񣬲ҿΰĶ꿡ţ괺Ǳŵĺͷ
ǰ͡
𼸾䣬ʷ̫͵ˡ
ʷ̫ǵڶ Ρ
ʷ̫ȵ׼ˡ
ʷ̫Ҫߣæˣ࣬ѽɷˣġ
ཫźãЦǺ£
ʷ̫ѻ鱾£ʣҰڼ
һЦСҲȤĽ
ȤɶѽǾǰĶܲרĹԱ󿼣ʷֵ̫ĿٟR˵ⶼǵ֮ʡ
ʲô¶ģ̫ԩٟR˵ſʷʷȻ游Ҫ˵ʲôʱһɫСѼ˵
ộҪʱ򣡡ʷ̫ɧ˵ĩ
ԭ֣ʱٟR˸ȸѡĶ⣬ǽȫ۶ķ糱ˡ
ʷ̫佫Ȼٲ²֪ɵڳڼưӣǶϹģⲻ᱾ĩô
ʷ̫еġɵȻȥ۶Ժ㱻˼һʶؼģȥĵ۶ŰףǽԪȻ½Ԫô
˵ʷ̫
Ȼڵ۶ٵнԪ괺ǰ˾Ųʮġ
Ҫʷ̫˼ɶ룬͹ţһ˼鱸ˡǣˣڽйģ۶ٻ¹ӵܣȫڼ²ΪȢϱҲõϲǡ
벻ܽЦ
ԭʷ̫ŴҲһЦСӣҲͦɰû뵽ԼҸнԪıҲʼˡ
ʷ̫֪û԰ȻмԷȰһء
˭Ȼ˹ĿĴģû뵽ǸȰġ
ֱʷ̫Ĳᡣ
ЦеأҲǳҪʱҿӲθڶˡ
ҪÿʱҲͲ˵ˡСӣһʱһʱ⻹пնôʷֱ̫ΪɵӲ֪أʮŲˣͲһ£զʱ
ҿ½ԪֻҪˮ׼֮С
²ʿӣܵġ
ʷ̫붡඼״ԪǰȻһһɵҲǺģ֪֮ѡٿмԪԪ֮סһҲǲʿ׸ࡢ뿵ҶʷģǼԪԪĽʿ
δԱУˡ
֪괺Ǿж༤ҡ
൱ʱõ֮ţ궼ûǰʮ
ԣƾҲǺܽ˵ġ
ʷ̫괺ǱǼԪԪһ¾ǽԪҲǰ㲻иġ
ʷ̫Ȱãͷȥģȥ¶ԴͷٟR
Ҳ֪զôС˼ҴףܷŪȸѡ¶
ٟRҲˣЦʷʷôôû˵ѽ
ôһС¡ʷС˵ҿ¹ͦõģ˵Ҳƣгڣݽϡ
ʷ̫̾ôȫأ
ʷ鿪ȫ游ǵأ¹ֲС϶ġ游ͷİɣҲãԺ󵱲о
ʷ̫Ůûƽϣǣ꿼ףڶûضȥ
඼ʷ̫һۣٟRչＸ˸뿴ʷ̫ٟRпʷʦĺ
ʷ̫һŷԼһﻰ˵ˡ
ԭɶ¶Ϲǫѷһµ飬ͻȻŴ˿񻰣ԼȲ˼ڨڨһЦ˵ġ²֪ģСԽԽõġ㿴࣬϶Ҳ
ٟR࣬Ц٣Ҳǰʮûס
ٟRͶϲ£λϴŶǴġ
佫ԿƾپǸɽ˵˿һŶġ
ƾ£ϾѧˡдҲŵġ
˵ţʷ̫һߵͷһ˼S
ʷ̫ϳ¡
ʷʦֻ˵
갢溴飬ŪˡӦңһͷһ˵СɵҲͲڼҿˡ
游˵ʲôأʷĹĵأ¹ӶĲˣһ㣬ô˵ɥ
ٟR飬װģʷôð
ǰر̿ࡣҿ¹Ӿ˫ȫ
Ȿˣû԰ڣɨ˰
ٟRЦ۾гһߣʷֹŸʷʦֱһģһ
ʷ̫ＱɵѾͷ˫ȫԼ֪ˣôֱӴͥڵء
ο⻰Լ˵ýб˵źã
Ѿͷ̫ᣬǫѷ֮ѽ
չﺬЦʷҲѭ򽥽¹Ƕˣվôã
СʱѧЩǳȭţ۶˹ѧѧĿҲΣ¹γɼҲǼ׵ϡʷеС˵
ף׵ֻ㣬׵Ͼͺѵˡ
Сġʷ̫αǫš
ٟRҪЦˡʹʹЦɡŲܣ
ʷ̫һ£ջأͰӲʲôЦġġ
ٟR̾Ҿʷʦӿķǵľ
ҶЦ
ʷ̫ҲŲסЦˣġϳûķǡѽ治֪ǿҪˡһһôǵģЦϷǲ֪ࡣ
˵Цһأʦ͸ˡ
ʷ̫ʼΡ
ʱٟRչҳ¾Ҳڼô
չп⣬Ȼˡڵ۶˫ȫ˵ɸ֣䶼ҪһЩźá
֤ڼõʦÑǮϷһ
һǺ¡ҲǽЩ꣬˲Ų¡˵ǰʦιʱ½˷սء
£ٟR֪¡
ǧȷףҸ˵ġ
չ뵽һȤ£ţ˵ʦѧһ˵һկӡٱȥץʱɽ˱֪˵Ⱥԩ˵ʦǵǮ
ٟRʣ˵ģ
չͷȻ˵뿵һȣɽ˶ԵšĻչͲ˵ˡ
֣ʦһͻ书
ٟR󾪣ⶼܿ
ǰǲʦ·̬ȫٵô
˳ûá
˼Ƭ̾ЦˣˡǼĹٱȽ϶࣬Ҽ︸ֶ佫书˾ֹһ
˵һ䣬ҶҲ书
ԴˣٟR׽ܣһڣӼиϸµͷ׵ⲻ֡Ҿ㲻ῴҲ˼ͳҶ죬Ҫ书ڡ

Цչѣ£˵ʷص۶ˣǰİӾͿβˡ˸ʷ̨͸Ŷʱȥ
ţǱҪȥġ
ͷβٟRһ̬ȡ
ο˰ͷġ


330 ֮һ



ĵ 
ʷ̨յµĴ,Ҷ֪ǱԹǸ̾²ǽæŲμӻôôʷ̨¶أ
֮,ʷٟRӡĹ,Ȼ֧ٟRǹע񣬲ٟR˽,ǰ֣,ʼյġʱҲ֪һ,»Ҳ
Ҷһϸմӿǻص۶ĸʷ,򱡴,ÿϳȻ֪ʷص۶,Ϣȹͨȴδ˴ҪĻ
˾Ĵû죬ǰ尸ʮˡ
,ٟRμ顣
һȻ٫h,ױ󣬾µף٫hڴ顣ӭʱ־Ͳ,󲮣ʷ̫ˣ״󽫾۶ǰļ,ڰʱ,ٿͶμ
˸ӭʹ,ĸͬ,ĸѫӵܡ
Ȼ,״󽫾Ժ,ȸ۵¿ӵܴģȻҲӮһº
Ĺ٣ûǿ˳˳ľͽϲӡ
ظĸʱֻ̫̫һ뵽⿲Ϊ֮ϲˣĸӵ治ס
ĸй񣬰˴˴Ҳ
״󽫾ĳһӣ΢΢ʪۿ׷ҲЦдᣬ˫Уúӣ
಻ѽ
СӻʧܣȻܽСӳԿҲ
ɵⲻ˷Է
ȫ˳Ϣ
Ա߼ʷ̫رɲҲӣԭʷҵĺӡֻ޼ﶼǹŪˣúõĺӾôˣ

ðɡ
ڱӡ
ûѺ
ٟRõĸһɨͣϲǰ״һƽַɡ
ɲŮò衣չӻ
ǰǰ
ҷ׷Ϊİס٫hƤ̺ͮͮɬЦһݣл¶лλҵȰ·ȥȥվҪˡ
ôЦ
˵ϽȥɸϽȥɡ
˵ɹٶã֪ϱ

ϲ¶룬һ֡
٫h飬۫һĲٟRΪȻ׼ȥϲˡȻļҳļҶ⣬ɹ׼Ҽֱ˸ӴŵĹϵѪˣ
۫¶ٟR費֡ⲻľٶֱµĲᡣ
ƫǰѲӿ£ʧٹɵۣڳһǧɣʱķգ˸ӹŮԹ䣬Ҳ޴ˡ
֣ϵƽЦǺǵ˵hСŮٵԵʣŰǶȥһֵġ
ˡ
֣ĿѲûԼҳŮ֪빫һ׼ȥˡ˵ϡ棬ϸȴ밢hкô
ҵȷһλĸף̫̫Ҳǳ֪ʶ顣ͬʱݹϵӣ˼Ҵ󲮼ҶԺմ塣
˴˼Ҳࡣ
hԼоλ빫ãԴСһȥ׼ҳԾơ
Ժݾ˼ҲҳhҲҪֵġ
٫hźҲĸһ̫ʺ밲
ٟRĻ˵hɫ֪ˡ
٫h󣬾ǰճŮĴʮѮٰ졣
򰲹ò⼸갲Ҳʲ۶ѾɽҲǲ١
ٟR٫h֣ʱһƽʱദõС飬˵ǶҪõģĺӣǱҲҪȥһءҲ𾪶Լ밢ĽҲˡ
٫h֣Ҳǵ۶һţҪѷһЩٟR˼СһȥˣǸԼУ⡣нȥû鲻ȥ
ٟRСֳ룬һ𵽰ʱһڰԾƣһŰh㵽ƼҳԾơ
ʵŮҲǸദĺܺãǶŮӣٟܵRǰģڼҲǧٳ裬ƽżҲ죬ʤš
˼ʴҶС
ص´ҶڴҴ壬ʢ˥֮ʱ룬´塣
ҲʶõҲཻһ
ԭٟRԶֱӹ׼һݡ
ٟRŸ֪ӹһݸĺ񣬻һݸµġţһдģһǸӰġ
򰲹أ»ǰ֡
ɽʵٶЩùžǰǰŮޡȻ˲ܴӰ죬һλٟRٟRŷ²ô࣬ϲӣͶϲϲġ
һλǰİƹˡ
ƹӻǷȸʵһֱڰסţһգԴƼƵϾΣͰᰲסˡ
ƹӵĻ˵һ˼į˶֡
ҪĲƣǻиͷ
ƹӿɲǵ˴顣
ʵҲûɶ¡
ܵķ֮ˡ
ƹ֪²μӻֱӿűסٟRȵ˸Ծƹ䰡
ƹȡ±ȻˡĳҲ˫ȫˡ
ٟRǿûۣϽɡ⻰ࡣȴ󷽣Ȼֳѵļһ˷ޡ
ƹ治ʮڹ¸ǰչʾ䡢ΡȻٟRһɤŵˣ൱ȶ´칭ȸۡ
ٟR죬ⳤɲ١
ǣƹӵĽбϣͷʻһһȲһȭȻһ۰ڣͥԺֱ뷿ţĵɽ죬ڣ쿪ţ㿴ĶƯ
һϵܼӭʹ֮һֱȰЩЩ
ЩŰɣҶȢϱˣԺͲˣ
⻰ֱǷĲС
ЦŽ˹뷿
һλֵܱϲ
ٟRȥıӰ˲òࡣ
֣Ц۽˰ɡ
ţȻȸɿˡٟR֣⣬Ҳϲơ
ǹʾɡ
֣ڶĹٿȺ˵䣬ٟR͵ÿǱϯȥˡ
ʱǱ˴ϳ˥¼񣬵ؿزϳϳΩԸǧƽ
ٟRЦӵܵȥ˵յˡֻܰĵ󰲣ұҪš
ǡӵܹ˳Ӧһ
ٟRͣһڵĽ͵⡣
֣ţ뼸λԹٟR͵⡣ٟRǣʦȻҲ˰Ծơ
ʦͽδԣڶٟRʦ˵ʦ밲ҲǾɽ
갲ƽ̿ͣһ
ԭˡ
ٟR룬˵ʦ书Ҳţʦʣҿ¸֣ߵĺܽ
ٟR¶һЦʦһ۾Ƴˣʣɣ
ٟR΢΢ףѯʦʦŰô
ͦáλϡʦԼ֣࣬ҲһһĲſΪ˲㱿ദ˵
ʦΪ괺æµʦͽл䣬ʦȥ
ʮУʷ̨ǱŹ˵ǰ֮빫ݰ١ǣٟRױʹչＸʷ̨ȥˣ


331 ֮һ



ĵһ 
Ϊ˾,ٟR⴩һׯصСƽʱٴСҲˡչＸҲͳһװ֪Ҷ¶,˾õֻ,һС
Ǳ߶зʷ֪ͨҲȥˡ
һͬʱ,˾Ҳˣһλʷ,һλ̲,һλ䡣
˴˼,ʷָ˾ϸɴ,λ󣬳豦,󡣡
ףáͷˡ
ȷ֮¡
ٟRһžͿűû,ʷ̨Ӹ˵,ʹҪ߳ǰλӣϻ˲輸Ϲ
ͷûɶʲô簡ڿ,ģģģҴҲһϰ
鿴ʷ,ʷԽ,,һʱ˿,󷽱㹬̷
롣ĸ,˵,Ҹģ̷ֲġˣҾʲôˡ
ٟRСһӣչＸǰ̧һߣ̧֮󣬶ʱޱȳ
ٟR·ȫûʷһԱƣá
ʷֱ̾¾ûһϳġ
˵ĶȻġԸҪٟRյͬˣֿ϶Ҳ˼ǲǣ
ʷСɽľڣԲǹȥɣ𵢸󰸡
ٟRԷʷ㿴ֶΪ룬ֱ˵
ʷ¾̫ˡ
˰죬ùȥ˾ԱλҶ뼸λϣ̿¼
ǰ鰸
İӲΪûֱ֤ݡ
л¶Ǳ˸ɵģӣŮܼңѧѣסǱ˵Ĺһ޸ɡ
̫̫ٲڣ飬Ǽֱ޲ʳѪ˵úùܽǸֻ֣һζݣۼţԼԼȥҵĶŮ
̫̫Ϊ˰ѶŮֱӽϵˡ»顣
ԭʱҲȶһŮ飬ƾ˳죬У̲Ϊ
ŮڼȵɸС׸߹ٵ׮ϲѶҲ˵ңֳȥ˵۶
Сᣬ˵᳦ۡ
ŮӲýȢ֮λֻΪһģУΪɰֳ֣һ뿪۶
һӡ
˵ʮǰǸ缫˱ءŮܵϽֵһδŮ˽ᰵ̥ܲ͸磬;һ㱾졣
ٳƽƣ⺢Ӿͳ˴Ůһıϣͬ˼ҶżȮ졣
ԭ˽Ūٵģλ˽ίʵϣ˽ӵĳ˼¼ڻأֻһʱ򲡹ҡ
ⲡҲˣ˽ӵϷش֮ŮҹԵ֮ƶûܸ˽ӳֻ˽ӻϼˡ
˽ӹȻϼҸ׵Ū˰Ķ
ȻⲢ˵Լҵ¶˽Ӹġ
ƾٶܽı죬ҪܸϵŪĶأĹٳҲܸտͷزۡ
ϼ£˽ӵľ˼ϼ屾ġ
ǣ棬˽ӵ˴ͷͷһ룬ͨԼҹ¸̫̫
ͷȻûβ˵޸ɣ
̫̫ȫ壬ɵǰҲû˵Ҫ
̫̫̰ܽƷԹ˵ĶŮŮѧΪ϶̰ߣŮżҲָɷơ
ʱһѪĿġ
鲻ϣһ޹أȫȻ֪
˽ҲϣⲻĶӣϵĵ
֤˵⺢ô
Ѫףһ֪
һʱ˹ɣǿӲޱȣ䣬ѪףˮѪڡˮѪɢһԡ
ϵ䣬ٸһ׮ڣιҲĪ֮¡һܵѪǹѪһֳ
ⷨӲŪ֪գŪ٣㻹̫ˡ
Ҳ㵱ſ䵱±ҭɫףŭĿӡ
鲻죬˵Ŀһ̥ǣλͬλҲһ̥ǡ
鲻мɺ֮¶ˡⲻǿ̥ͬſʥòһģһأ˵ѪԵϵ
ǼԵôã
鲻̲Ļһ䣬Ҷ˭áˡ
ȫȻ
ٟRһۣǸġ
ʷòõġһ£ʵλûѪԵϵϲӺֵǾסǶ·Ⱦ˷纮Ǻʮվزˡ̼ԭûʳ⣬Ǵ̶ӵβһӡĿ̥Ϊ棬Ŀ̥Ϊ١ǲǲ˽ȾϴѪȾȥġ
ʱͬһԡҼǵǰ̥ѪӦ֪̥ɫҪ࣬ΪȾϻʱ䵭Եʡ
һ˲ͣȻĿ˷ʷһۣϲޱӦһŶǲϵ£кɡ
ϵó˽飬˵첲ϵӡȻԼҸ첲ϵӡ֤˽飬ǲϡ
ٟRĲУ첲˵⻥ӡҲûɶðȢȢ󻧣Ҫ˵ˣ־ͬϵ֪˵ʲôˣƷͷҲʦͬţˡ
ϾҪĬԡ
ϲϷˣŮˣµʵֹӡǻС£Сˣһӡʱ񸾻ָѪһѪƱͬյ
ֻȲҷϣҪЩϢġ
ҲǣƾĲǣα⸺ĺϾԼҸһһ񲻺áٟRͦȰ˵
Цλ˵ɣֲ߸ϡһһӣҼŷͷã
ɺʱ仧ҸӹѧٵУҸΪǰ£Ҫ湦ӣһ۾Ϳǵ˼JG
ˣҲϣ
ֻԼµһµһۣЩ˶롣ˣβƾͼƣʲô̫̫ƫƭͬʱǺֻ˵ˡ
ֻҪǮƣῡҪж٣ѵҷƯ֪ȤСӲϲϲͷӲɣ
Ҳֻ˲ԸŮ˷ǲɣߣ
ǿЦ
ⲻֵ֪òΪزھСź̰޳ܵ
۶СֶκãûһͰӴ򷢻ؿϼˣ
ɰɣһøоΣ
ͦʹ죬Ϊ˸ʹʹһⱲҲû
ĿֻǴ̲ס΢΢鶯
ʷŭ⣬ϣҲǸˣЩܣ
Ҳ˵ⲻǸ˸ýĻ
ٟRˡҲʲô˵ġ˵ҲԵ޹ʶϽŵԼҪ˵оˣ̼Ҷ£ٺȢһһĶԴϡ
ֲͲãûˡ
ٟRĴ󷢣תͷϵϰһʱխϾǸСطö۶ӣҲûĵġ
˵ˣ˵ķʷλһ㲻ͣڸƷȣҪЩʷҲƶǹĸǵʦ֮ŮĶʦλߣʱپƷ
ʷ֪жǵɪ׶ҲɲС
˵ĳʷҲƷ߹١ʷش壬Ȣ޺Ҳһһ⡣
ԣƷûλֱӹϵ
˵ãˡ
ϵƷ֮ˣ͹ȻǸ߾λ
µƷضˡ
һȷ˸㣬ҲˡֻҲΪϧƾǣԭڲΥ͵ǰȡ棬ֺαҪأ
Ͽ£ոɸɾվһͿأ񲻸գ
һ£̶ɫϲãЦǣ
Խ˾٣ٟRЦȻһǼʶǳϴխ·Ȼ֮زԻСļʶ񸾷ˣ
ԽԽľþⷸˣǵĿãСЩ£õĶ䣡
ٟRݸֳһЩʷﳣĺܣ
̫ʵ۵꣬Ϊ˴ܵзùмƹ˼ҷģ
ⲻʲô
ʼ
һֱ糿磬ܶô֤ȷ䣬ûһϵġ
Ҷžڣô˵Բû޹أ
޹ء
Բ̶ֲݿۣ޹أ
޹ء
дѹǰ֪̰߰޹أ
޹ء
һҪӣֲ̫㡢Ŀ˹ʵߣһӾҪ壬޴˼ۣѲ£֪ǲ֪
֪

Ҷ׮׮ͷβһ飬һϡ
ҶҲգǱһЦһȻ徻׵һҿ㲻ҪˣƾƷԣа׾գԺɴͽ԰׾հɡ
Ǿԣֱ̱˹
õϵ׼Ҳ̱Ĳᡣҧ˭֪ʱٟRﲻסһЦ
ԭҶĿ̱죬û뵽ڱʱЦ
ٟRЦ
˲ЦҲ̿緽ʷΪάϣȥЦ
̼ܲͻȻһ죬һѪڵϣһƲϵӾĵȥ


332 ֮һ



ĵ 
ȻѪء
˵Ǵ֮,˵壬ҲܷŲܡǾһԸ,иǰ,һ̽龱,Էʷ˵һʱŭ,Ӧ޴󰭡
ٟRȿ,֪ʱҲǰ,˵,ѹѪһ,Ⱳӵȷˡ
˵ҲᣬжԼϵأ޷ǾǳԴöȽЩ,ЩҲֵ˶Ǯ
,ơ
ϼˣģҲڹ,òܼ̼רĶ顣
ǶŮмǷĵĸмأ
ճŮƫ̻˽,˽ҲҪ˵׸Я,ֻϼŶա
鼫,°뱲Ӵ󸣵ĸ,ʷĸһ,Ӷ顣ΪǮ
˵,˶˶մĹ⣬ȴ˺Թ
Ĵˣʲô͸أ
ֻ鰡ȿ͸ˣܽЩ˳Ը
Խ㣬㵱Խ߹ֱΪã
Яͣ㵱̵ΪʲôضҲˣ
˼Ҳӹ飬ǧٱΣ
кοЯ֮һȺǣ
ĸףҲûŻѪĹ㣬ĸףҲӣͺô
飬־ΪЩˣȻ³
Ҫ㣬ҲѪ
ֵ̫ˣ
ٟRıһ۵һѪֱٟRһ
Ǿæȥ飬ֻɫףɫƽһֳŵŬĨȥѪۣЦ˵ʹʹ죡治ֵ治ֵ
Ȼϣʣϣҵʵ˵̼ҵǰޡҴ˳죬ٻ£ǰ̱ƽƣذٱҵΣ
ɫЩǵҼҾ̣棬ܺ㲻Ը಻ǿ󡣡
鳤̾ԭ˰
ԭֻҪ˵ĻĻ˵ܡ
ԭֻҪʵ˵ֻҪԸԼʵģҲһ·
겢ϣ²òܾŲ̼ҵǮͼ۶޸òȴİ轿ݡЯòڹٳҡ
ԭŹٳˡ
ٳף˵Ĺٳˡ
̾һ߽ݾ˺󡣵ԶԶ˺ˡ
겻ӪӪ̤ʵأȣĶ²λ򵥵֪֪أȢһͻӣһŮݼʲᣬĺʱҲ˵˵ﻰŮɼҵﱲϥ
һ˽֡
ʹգ
գ
һˣʹʣ꣬ͷһѪ
ʹںˣͬƵķʷ̲סվɳƣ֣ѽ
ͬʷ֡ҽ֪ڸ֮ߵǺεȷɣ³һʱĬ
ãῪڣҵϡ
齫һ׮׮ӽ־ǳɼȷʷãļѡ
ʶЩ°¹ȥ꣬꾭ֵ˭ôģ˭յӡ˵˿
лôֵģ˵֣ںδҲס
黹ָ˾еĲԻԱеɶףһȥЯĸӲͷ˭ܾںλƵָһ
ûǳ͢ˡ
һֱ糿ҹ֮£㽫Щ̰֮ס
齻֮ɣڵҹйȥʡһͷ֮ࡣ
永ˣȻϣȥ
ٟRƵǣӦ˷ȥģٟR˵ҲõġƾɵЩ£Ҳһ
ҥ˵˵ġ
ԴŻҪáʮ״󵶿ҶٟRرעضƾ޴¡ңٟRƶϣӦǱҶ̱ģǲ֪Ҷ˵
Ҷǫѷ󰸣ȫһȰ󳹴ơ
ʵǾҲЩ⹫µĳӣʵٟR˵Щ˭˵˾ˣ᲻Ϊϵĵ
Ҫ˵ʲôͬ
ǾǣЩ˵ˡ
ǾԼֻչֶΡ
㲻Ϊϧֲɵ̰ôЩӣѵˣֵͬˣǾֻ¡
ٟRһֶϤĵı졣ң˵УΪϧ
û˻Ϊϧ
˶ŮЩܻˣһ˿Ķĺá
δûһ˿һ˿ϧ
Լġ
ԣˣˣһûһ׽˵˶ԡһǱ¶Ϊ޿ˡ֮ʱϧί˵һ䣺
ΪЩˣ治ֵ
ĵһ仰
ǵģΪЩˣֵ̫ˡ
֣û˽̰ªˡ
ĻԼһɡ
һ׹Ԩɡ
ɡ
Ϊɡ
ߣⲢɣʵ
̰˽ֽƻһɵأ
ȻǷʷǿˣΪûзϷһλǿĸס
ҲֻһûиܹһˣᱻһĻ򶯰ɡ
Ǹȫֵͬġ
ʣȻЩͼ̰֮֡
Щֵõ˹ʱĸһǧɣ׹Ԩ
ϦбӰ͸ɫĹڳǾӲϡǾµ۽ޣϾڣԹ˵Ļ
ﳼһ£֪ܷﳼĹһ仰
ٟRԭҪ뿪ĽŲͣ˶٣۾ûаϤôķܡ˶ӣĶ˵һ仰һ̰٣Ķࡣ֪ˡ
ǳǾʷΪߵĿǿʹڣҲʹеĽѡ
ҲǳǾһٟRĲŻ
λĴ²ͬλٹĹ£ЩŸϵġ


333 ֮һ



ĵ 
֮,ȻǣپɰСЩ˾
ϰдĿ֮
˾ܸ,˰ԵĲ˵,׷ص永жأô˵,ɵֱӽ⸮ǷļĸˣѺѲжлӡ
ʣµϤչ⡣
л֮λ,ɵ֣̫,˴ǳҶ׹,Ϊֱ,вɳߪΪ,
۹ȻǹˡǾ˼ɣҿһϲȥ
ȷʷ̨,Ҳ˼
ʵǳҶ,ܲ͡
ʵҲóҶʷɹؼʷ,ʷҲйǰЩÿĲʹҲɵĲ
ͳйְ,˵ʷһ鶼ͬλ,ʵʷ鶼Ҫ岿һЩġ
ƩǾ,Ҷʷ,ʵλ뷽ʷλʷֻͬǳйΪ,ʷ,ѷʷһ
Ҳֻʷ̨ѣͷû岿ƽƽ
Ӵ˼ɼʷ̨ڳȨ֮ء
ɵʳǾλ֮£ǾȻˡˣɵΪӷѧʿΣһƷؽʹͲᡣ
Ȼ󣬿ճĻ֮λһֱֱܶܶأλ顣
ѧʿٟRűѧ̰ܴ߰˰ۣ뿪࣬ȥֱɵ֮лյɵ̾ͰİĳŪˡ
ڿճֱܶɺܶΣѡܳκ֮ܶλ
֮ԱͷĺȱȱƷҪ̫׼Ʒµģȫȥˡ
ֲ֪ҪϲְĹˡ
ԹӣδתЩů£յůڣһʱվЩˡ
ڳУɴֱߵ鸲ϵֵ⡣
ߴĽŲֳ̹ѵɣǿᣬ˭һ飬һº𣿳Ӧδ˯ţɹ̫
游ˡЦӭְסֻƽҸһˡ˵ڻǴ
˳µ˿ϣùĸӱ˵Щѻһٹȥ
ǰǸ˼ЩԼСܡ
ºͣͶʣѪԵϵɵԵϵһֱάֵ൱á
ǿƹĸƽ󳤹иϲλ游
ûһ
Ҳ֪СӣԴ밢ףׯ԰ȥٲ˵ġЦ֣ʱǿЩֲ˵
̹裬ʲ㡣
˵游ʱĸҲɪ޶ǻʼ̸
⻰飬̫ʵ۵ļŮǼƽ󳤹ʱ޵͵Ҳλ󳤹Ϊ޾ȫ¼޷λ
޺ΪģҲλ󳤹
̫ʵۻȵ۶Խгޡ
ʱɬĺܣСط󣬸Ӧ۶ɾͱָ鹫мȼֻ֣̿ڹ͵˵̫ʵ۶˵ңǰҲ˵һͳɴˡ
Ȥ˵ʱ£̲סЦǹĸʱϵĽ
ɲôСƵġ
ڶгĿ˵λĹĸ಻Ц
˵ЦЩ£Ȼ̾˿º͵̣뽪ܾԼǷȱŸɡ
Щ⣬ǹΨһӣϵĻλ̳ߡδɴ֮λ໹˭أ
ʣΪʲôأ
ಢ˾˽밢Rһ𳤴С꣬Сʱ򰢟Rͺܻ档ǰֻҪչ˵áռ۷飬齫Ϥ;
ʶʱãദҲ࣬Ȱҿܲûİա
R˵Ǿ䡮һλ̰٣Ķࡣ֪ˡһɲҾףҵĲŸɲR
Ŀм㯡ʧ䡢ǶԼİġʱѲλصĻʳӣֻһλ˵յˡ
R翴͸£Ǻ֪
˵Ļ˵ġ
Ҳ˵ЩҲŸɲ˴ʲ
ѵõĺͷͥԺûһ˿磬˵󣬽΢΢ףȷжϤĵı죬һˣѧʲô죬Ҫѧʮµģ˼ҿ۾ͼסˡǻڿʽ˼ˢˢ±ȻˡÿˣҪɥþء
ʧЦڰοҰɡ
ǵǡΪҲʣ¿ѧʶΣ
Ż磬ѧ峵
ǵ¿붡˭ѧʶã
ѧʶȻʦҪЩ
ֻǺЩǺࡣҵѧʶ붡ȣʱޣ۶ʶ˼λѣѧʶõġ书Ҫ֣Ϊȣ۵ű󣬶̾Ϊֹδھڼ˵ĽѾŵϳ¹һݺı죬޷ݡҲ֪ôģ˼˵͸ⲻһ
֪Сطңദĸоô
ͬܣܰɡǲǾԼѡΪֳȴá
ǰԲλ඼ݡСƷս΢ЦȻѡ
ΪһλѸңߵҪߵߡһĿȻһ֪ĿϤĶǲ˵֣˭˵Ǹ˲أ
񿴳Ͷ࣬Ϊ綡ô
Ȼᡣɫ游Ϊ͢߹ʮ꣬սպա
ѽҲ˱˳һǰ͡ĿǴˮóͷĺΪʱķտϧʵûֵ˰䲻ܹĿɳܶ࿴飬һǵס书ʼҲãǾڼϰҲܽԭлսǡ
ûпӵı죬ֻҪϣĻ⡣ӵǸͳ˳ѡ
£ԼĽŲ߾㹻ˡ
ʺ͡ݡ̹ԼΪֳԹĹذǱһνĲŻŸɸҪĶ
ӵʯƷԣʣ󡣹ʯһ⣬򡣿ɵҪ֪ӡ֮ʯ
Ϊµĳڼʯһ
һǫѷĲ˼æ˵оŵ£һԶJ
½δڣŬһʱӦ֮ԣʱ¾ʹͳһΣʱˣ±˽ķӨǰиУ֪Լ
ижѣۿЩ΢΢̣˵ޣԸ游˵ֲиһֱŬ
ͷҲҪصء
ţʲôϲô
ĲŸɣµһܳϲ£
æ˵Rҵѽ
˶ǵµĳ񣬹಻⡣Це࣬£ʵŶ
Ŀࡣ
ңҴû
ǾʹڿʼɡǳҲãðһĳӿҳ϶ˡܣսԺʲôѰѿеĹͷֳɵİ֡
ĸ⡣⻰ЦðR֪˵ƫˡ
ϵˣԾͰӲͷ̫ƽȤ顣
ͬõۡÿڿڳҶ
¡J
š
е۵ĻżͣЪһЪҲҪġº͵Ŀ࣬ڿԼĿаͣҲһ˿ôǳؾ
š
ҲסЦˡ


334 ֮һ



ĵ 
һڴӹõ,Ǻ֡
δ̫ӵķշϣӽ귽ʮ꣬ڳɳܻ,ʶԼв֮Ѱ¡
ʵ,Ϊ빫ֺѵõãƿ,ż֮ӣɱϣʱǷȱݡ
鶼иǷȱ,ϵõڳ档
Ҫ˵ЩƲֵľǽĶܽμˡ
μ۶μֳ,ƽؾ·ѩ,ʶ,󳤹ûСߣڵ۶,꿪ٻؼƽء
μ游ĸҪҲææŽԭΪܼá,óȥ,ѽμźĲС
Ǹٟ꣬R£ǳһ֪,ʵеźֻᶺ˷Ц
μͰѴﶼٹ̫ĸת͡
֣̫ЦŶ,,RͰ복,׼ʲôû
μ˵,ĸ,ҸδСһľһľ
õ,óȥˡ
࿴Ȥ˽ʽӱμǲϲR
ӱЦҲˡ
˵۾Ķܿɡ
ӱҲǿЦãĸ˵Ҹ׺ĵڶ죬ܹǿ䰢RƯɰĻ߶߶졣
ϲμμɰ
ýд䣬캩ͷԵġ
ǳǰٽμҲһһѡ
ӱĸɷ򣬡㲻ŰR֣ߵĺܽô
ڵ֣ӱһ곤ġ
Ҳ˸񡣡ӱ룬֣ӶҲδ¡Ҳ㰢Rġ
ཥüǣӱ㣬ʣǲ⣿
ûСǴδRСġ
ǿɵÿʼˡRʮˣڵ밲ھǣֻҪжµģûвԼġ
ǣⶼʲôѽЩھҲ̫Զˡ
ӱֱЦ
ෳյıתȦ֣иӣR±ǸʡĸҪǻĸпеѡĸңʷȥϸϸһϸźá
ӱĿ࣬ѡҪʷϸ
㿴˳裬õˣǵʱû壬һӡǾͰRһãȻҪġ
ѡһλ²ż汸ΪֳΡ
ңҲһλΪѰһλ游˾ͺˡ
ӱЦ
游ͺܺá
һǳ׵һꡣ
ʮһУ˷ǳѪ¼
칷û칷ȥʱһѪϰգӳ
ٟRԺдŮֵʱûϢ̵ǰƴһϵѪɫͬһֻѪɫһ㣬ɢűаĹâɫһ򵨴ٟRҲͷһŨŨĲ֮С
Ůٺȳ˹ŮٟRüһתͷ˾˵裬򷢼ӴĹˣһ飬ȥǼԺ￴ǲҪ¡裬ȥĸĸû£Ҳһ£ĸҪġ
ٹһзҺܿ
˾ǸճԺž֣ٟRģ˵仰˾ȥ޵֣̫밲֣̫֪ٟRδܾҲͷˡ
ֵ滨ԺٟRźԺŵĲᣬæǰʣҵСڣôԺģ
ⶫĶšٟRָָĻϵĺһЩҲ
ɶɿģ͸ϲʱϲһôæݣϷš
糯ȻһۣⶫҲֻˡ
ǵ۶ӵ𱨰С಻ԣ˼ֻźºûעȥһգ쵽۶
Ȼûգ̫ҽԺԺ˵ˡ
Ժ˵ѽ
֣̫ԺУֱЩҩʹͰٟR뵽ոճûգҪš˵Ҳû׼Ǽ˸е¡
һķģѰһأ˼Ұ˸һ⣬Ȼ˵ɴȥ˳ҩĴöѹ
֣̫ȥɡʲôѴһǡ
ٟRʹٹȥ̽һز
־ѣֻ˺ˣǸл̫Ķ䣬л̽Ķ顣
̫ϧˡδ󣬳ȴСЩһֱڲУҲδܹЧ͢
˵еأԼ룬÷롣ŸճףܱˡСҲСҪ㿴ءˣе˵ûᱨ͢ô͢Ҫ˲ŵţġ
жٟRĻЦֻЦҲ
ǰػӦ⻰ġĿƽǰ¶Ƽ常˵Ļ常תˡ£ܽһ˫Ůиô
ٟRԥӦû⡣ҽ׮иİɣԺ¾ҵ£ǲһġСҲܷģ󣬳͢ظĻᡣв㣬һúý̵һˡ
λ
ӽ
¶ЦģʵźΪʲôʱλأ°
ٟRߺ󣬰峤ҲһԻ
Ҳ⼸ۿţ̫ѪȫڹϡôˣΨ׵飬Ҷλ뿵񲿶꣬ѵʱ𻧲֮λô
ˣٲٵİɡ
ܲİԪԪӢűѾΪһ괺ǴȣǶΪǻΪĸ¾ãʢ
ϧԨΪ׸δġ
ڼɺü꣬ⶼ֪ڳ̽͢˰ɣ峤ޱȡ
ЦĻСܷȱЦô
峤շ죬档
㲻۶֪ԨֶΡȫЧұ£ٹȨڡ
ô
΢΢ף̾λ£ȲѫҲ̫صˡЩˣƺ빫Ͷ
ʮ꣬ҲԸΪЧ
ƺ͸ǲΥֺ֮һǰı򼴶Զ
ƺͱĳ־޴ˣõĶ׻áĽܳȾ˴ĵԸЧ
ڵĹ»ɡ
ڻܶࡣһף̫Ϊڱ˶ٷꡣ࣬ϻۡǡıܶ˵ˡС壬ڵ۶ɡǵĹѾ̫ûһλӢˡδСɡ
ں۾һɲǣƺһӦ
á
˵˼άΪ𣬶ڼʷƾõңŮȫǲܽܵ¡
ҵļʷԣŮԵҲȫϡ
պ󣬰š
͢񲿹ȥ죬˵ٟRҲȥ˼Űӹ̫ˣҲϣôȥˡ
еϧ
ҪǸӲˣ뻹Ϊ͢ɸʮꡣ
ԣǰѪ࣬¾Ӧڰϡ
˻δ֣̫弱ܻǿԣŷգʱĻ˯ѡٟRƽһο־嵽ÿÿĸ粽룬ȫд顣
ɵҲ£⸳˰۶¹ɮΪĸԪʥĸ尲
һжû֣̫ת
ڣֻҪ֣̫ǾѸѡֻ֣̫ץסԼС֣һΪ˱ˡ
ĸҲ㲻Ҫ˳չֻҪһ뵽ĸܻµĲˡҪĸ
ɵӣ˵и˵ˣҵ˾ֻܻ㵽ˡ·Լˡ
ҪˣЪһЪ
ǵչ˺Լ
۸㡣
Ұ㻤ȫûԹһࡣǶԻǴأ
ǣһûõһЩʵ޹İһкȤأ
Rס
ҲˣκѡҶԶ֧㡣
ĸһϲҲ㡣
ӱв̫Ĳͣ󳤹סһΪչ֣̫Ĳ飬򳤹ٟR̫ŲסɴסԺ
֣̫ѽϤɵۣɵۣȵȥ꣬ҲٴҵҲ޽ˣҾԼްɡ֮ĵӣǰˣմ˾ͿɡµģҪһдӼ
ЩµĶҪ͸˵ģҲֺˡʣµģһRһࡣ
ɵ۴Ӧ¡
֣̫̾˿ĲϲӣҲϲʱʵۣʵ˵˵ô
ѵͷҲûʲôʵģ֣̫ˣʵۣΪô
ɵ۴󾪣֣̫ЦЦûʲô˵ġ˵˵Ļɡ
ɵ۲ŵĿĸףĸѵŶǵȲТ֮ˣ
һֱϲµТʲôТӵТТôТ֣ׯġȪʵ֣̫ĿƽĿɵۣϲʹ˺ʹ˺Цʹޡˣڳ޳ģصĻϲ
ɵɫ䣬ʧĸ㣡
ûʲô˵ġûˣĸӡ֣̫ᣬʱʱĿԣûϵ㲻ҶԹһɣ
ңҲûС
СİʦɢȥΪĵĳӣõ㲻ϲˡΪĸףһҵոˣȡȨû𣿡
ɵû˵
ĵӳĪͫףĸΪʲôҪ˵Щ
Ȼ˵˵ˡ
֪ĸʼд󹦡ҲΪȨԼĸȨһġɵҲƽԼĸףҲȫͬĸ׶ԳĴãĸף鲻ͬ·Ҳͬ
ĻɵԼʶԹߡ
֣̫󶼽յˣףԺ󣬾Ϳˡ
ĬƬ̣ɵʣĸ׻лҪӵô
֣̫ҡͷΨһĶӣֻԸԶҪңҪҵĺá
ɵ¶ŭ֣̫ЦΪҵĺãѷ´Ż룬ĸھͺˡ
аٹ٣ҲǲҪҡ
ǧҪһգǶţҪ̫ھͺˡ
ɵ𴽽ǣָ֣̫ס֣ｭɽԺִˡ
ɵжȻһϮƲסʪۿȴԸĸ׿ȥĸе΢΢Ц⡣
ֱα
Ҳϲͬϲҡ
ǣҵĺӡ
ҹһֱն໮ĻһѤùѸʧ
Ԫʮ궬һʺ֣ϣްٹʮꡣ


335 ֮һ



ĵ 
ٟRһʹ,̫ҽĸްŵһ̣ǱʶѾĸŵ£ܲסıʹһ,,Ȼֹڴһ,ȥˣȥˣ̫ҽ̫ҽ
Ժȹ,˷,ٟRʱǿ졣
ٟRȫܲ,һֱĸľ޴ʹпᡣ
޵,ˣ²Ļ֣̫,ҲԼ˶
ٟRʹȣȻǰ
ɵ඼,ÿ춼ȥٟRӱ,̫ҲʱʱٟR
ҹŮ͢Ů죬ٹ,ܹĹ¡
ֻٟRĶⳡʹ͸ˣһʱ˲Եġ
֣ʺԭտ,ֺ󹬹Ҫ,볤,֣ʺ볤רչٟR
͢Ա˵,һٟRĴвĹԱҲҪпһµТ֮顣
Ը̾,Щ̵,޷һ֣һТ֣Ƕȥˡ
⻰ϡ棬ԣݴ׵Ͱ籵¸飬Ȼ᳤Т֮ˣ˶Щǲ顣
һϵʷ̫⻰ˬĵµʦֲֻ뿵һѵû˹ˣô̵ģϷҲûٳӰ죿ƴµʺͿ񣬾֪λʦӰˣ
ġʷ̫ϲѹȫˣ̾Ҳ˵ҽ̹ʱ׽̡Тѧĺܺá
̾ͶˣŶԭТʷ̵̫ġ
ѹˡ
̫ʱТ˳ĸѰֵܵĵ䷶
Ҳʷ̫ʷ̫׹ţʹ⣬ֻҲܰٹ壬̫ȪµǡʷˣҽԹ֮ʦȥҲһΪʦ֮⡣
ʷ̫ҲЩǹͷӦ⻰ǡ
ΪþٹٟRס滨ԺȥҲ㡣񳤹ٟRͬסĴˣٟRҪȥǰоĸڡ
ȻҲ˻ĸ֮ÿ쿴ٟRܡ
λǶ󣬳ȰȰRҲãǺˡ
˵ٹ޵ſûȥʷ̫һٟR͵ˣٟRһ޵Ĵϣ߷һڻԼߵӡ
Ҳ£޵ֲ̫ﲻģң˵žͱŴǰһϵ̫ʦ
ʷ̫֮ᣬĿɿڴ飺ʲôΣʲôΣô֪
ٟRһᵽĸ۾Ӵڳӵͣԭùͤϵⶼȥֻһ˫ۣȺҴ󣬿ʱֱ·
ܵĸŵĴٟRʼ֮˵ԣ˯ĸĸ
̶һεĻ̾ˡ
ĸ𣿡
ָơ
ǰճ˯£ٹһ̫ǰǰϡ룬ﲻô
ն̫˵սΪ£񷲳ˣگ죬ְͥΨİRȥǰR¾иΪ׵
Ȼ̫͸ңߵ£̫˸С˼ǳˣֻҪ¾찮񣬺Կͥ
ٟRһ뵽ĸҪޣʣΪĸֱңȥʦ˵
ʷ̫ʵĺã
Ҳʹ̫̫ڳܾҪϵ죬ȻʱŹرգֲظֻɢˡҲµģֻǵΪ֮Ů˼ˣڵ£ڵаʲܽ
ĸ¶ҡٟR
˭˵ءиţ¸ĸ֮ģĪڴˡ
˵ɡ
Ƿ֮ˣǿӦ̫֮٣һ룬̫ŹȻʹɵ룬ֻҪ̫˵ģ찮񣬺ԺҲȥ칬칬޼Ϳ̫ԶԶһˡ
ĸ˵ģ
ָΪģаԣóú
ʷ̫һΪ뿵ں࣬Ѳɾģ
ٟRһʦҪãæ˵÷ĶģʦĻŵġ
Ǿͺá¿ɵô̫ﲻ㿴ģ̫ﻹδܵء
ٟRŵ˵ͷ
ĸи˵κιְԺҵͥ
̫й𢣬˵๬ɹȥˡгɣͻģﻹȥء
һȰοʷ̫Ҳ˵˲ҪТĻٟR˲١
ʷ̫ؼҺӵǰһֱŹЩΪ̫Ҳ߹̫ʧΪТ֮ˡ
ǲĵûǣϲᱻ뿵εĻŪס
뵽¶̫˼һ͵ʷ̫ʪۿǴһ˽ĵģû뵽̳ѧТТС
ɵ۵֪ʷ˰ѹŮȰЩټˣǡ
ʷ̫ӹҪǣȰס˹
ɵ飬̫ˣ
ƣĸ߱£ǿ̫ڱġ±ܣ󣬵Լ׹ʱҲްˡ
һֱϲ뿵ʱɵ۶Ȼǡ
ʷ̫ҲǼ٣ڶģͲӦģɶ˵
鲻Ϊ⣬飬Ҳ֪ǻ֮ز飬Ӧģ
ʷ̫Ļܵ
ô˵ֹסЩģ޻ӣⶼǼ¡
֣̫ʱź¡£ٟRԸ˵һ仰ĸ޴ѰһѨԺһĸߣĸ
֣ʺ󡢴󳤹ӱ˶۫룬Ǹи˵֣ٹˣҲ㻳
⻰ȥҶΪ壬治ҳŮģ


336 ֮



ĵ 
֣̫ް,Ĵɥ¡
һգ⽻Ǵ,¹,ɣڴա
֣̫˼,ɥҲӼ
ִ,˵ΰ,Ͼ볯д󹦡ɵȻĸɥϴӼ,֣̫ĳҲ̫´Ӽ
ʶΪ¡ء
֣̫ǰּ,ʮߣɽ顣
һּ,̵ġ
ӱÿǰ죬֣̫ǰĻͲÿտ顣̥ǻﱲĵһ,ɵ֣ʺж,һҪ˼ڼɡJS
ҲҺģ˵ӡ
֣ı߹ش,̫ްţּص۶Ϊ̫ɥ
ɥǽ,,
Խһİ,Ȱɵ,ºһڰ,㲵Ķˡ
֮Щ,Ҳܹ֣̫ǰûòѵ⡣֣̫һȥֻɣһĶɷŮϣǹŮ
ɵۺŨ˵ʵܲסˣȥưRݵֻʣѹͷˣǵһ㡣
ؿڣܵĲС
ЩƫĶӣŹŮģɹŮ׹ŮŮˣﳣŮɵ޿޾£ĶôʵϰԼӶ޻ġ
̫ҽԺڸRˡ뵽Ůɵһ̾
ĸһ򲻴׽Ůлĸϥ£ʱŮа̿ʱֵŮĸԴ̣Ҳ¡
ʺǺ⣬ɻʺÿҪܣаRҪտÿ춼ţĶͺȫؼиʺأɵۣǺӸ¾ͱߣÿ뺢ĸζۡǰΪ˸̫ﾡТܸչҵĺ˰ɡ
ֱһ̶Ȳã£ҪѰRҹ
ɵۺ£RڲУʱƶ
ҾҪʮ»̥ģĶ֪ҵģܵĽÿ췢ᷢͣһ뵽ŮҾޡ˵ţ͹
ˣȰR˵
ǵȰR󰲣ҹ
Сɵεͷ
̻ϲԸˣÿ춼ܽƫѬһ⣬סġ
ɵ۵R׸ĸһϲѬ㣬ʻʹҲˡ
СǾͻʻʹɵ۱ֻ֤ܷģRӹһİװ֣ôˣٺһ룡
ҿɺȲˡ
ǿʳųС˰ަ嵭ֿθ
ǹвֺ֪㣬֣ʺٟRͷȶЩٟR˯죬֣ʺ뿪Լз˾ǵRܾûú˯һˡЪһЪɣٺҩ
˾ǹӦ£Ǳū澣ֻܷġҲЪһЪɣū澿Ҳˡ
֣ʺ̾
ǵĸɥǽٟR̫ãʹۣЩʡ
ٹ̫󣬺ο飬ٟRһ˶ӡٟRɵۣ֣ʺ㽫Ƶǹչˡ
⼸ƵƵֺ밲ûЪһЪʱˡ
ٟRУһģҲٟ̽RԼԵã͢ھҲй밲ʺ
չＸ̫ʱǾȻؼȥˡ
ˣһʱҲòŷ飬һ飬Ҫǹţ㹫˵˵Ҫǹ˯ҲŹ
ھҵĹ˵ˣҲǿҪ롣
ջص۶Ļҵİӣ游źü꣬һֱ빫żܲȥ̽ء
ڴҶѣչ󣬱·飬̽
֣ҲĸһΣٟR󹬣֣ͺܲˡǳӣ󹬽ɵۺˣҲܶ
ƫĺܲɣʱٟRڻ˯
֣⿴ٟRССڴ䣬СʱǸԲĺͯǰǸʵĹϵ
ڵĹȴκʱ˾
֣Щ˸Уڽְĸɥڼ䣬ָϴǰ󣬽嶼ʡˣѲӵ۶ⰲǰһ㶼δԸ
ĸҲûйĸ顣
ۺʱĸ顣
ĸ龹ڻҡ
֣ٟRЩССףоһԼ΢΢սļ¶
Щɣ¡
֣Ը
ٟR٣ţҲչˣȻ뵽ĸɺѹǽ
ǽӭŵʱٟRڸ֣ʺ¶ˡ
ٟRԼǰԺӶ飬֣ʺ˵ǲˡּٹΪá
ٟRһ£ٹͦõģҪô
µ˼üĸ
ٟRŶһЩʧ䣬ʣǰĸĶô
ʹ˵ģҶˡ֣ʺ̫ǰзԸµĶһ룬һ롣
ٟRд£ĲҲҪô
ûּ⡣Ĳٹ߶ϣٹ﹤ִִӵģֵĺܣǶҲ徲ڷǹ߶ĺµҲ԰羰ѡ
ЩʦʷʦǣмλʦǽڹڿΣ᲻Ų㣿
ģҶˡĿγ̵Žǽǣµ̹١Ů٣γ̾ǳʲôأ
ٟR룬Ǿɡ
֣ʺЦͷ󹬹طЩɡʮܳˣʱԸססԸסס
ԭһΪôܳء
ǰĹ棬͸µˡ
ٟRռ˵ס֣ʺٟR֣ȻԸǶסµ˼ˣչġ˵ˣҲӣಷ˸Ǩļա
ٟRҲûֳʲôرĻϲҲû˵ģֻǴӦ
ԴӴ󰲣Щ᲻
ٟR֪ĸչͣȥֺգ֣ĸйлĸչˡ
֣ʺ֣ʲôҪʵȥһԸһֱչġֺǹҲԶ˾͹
ٟRͷ
֣ʺûԹȥϹٟR
ڷǹĲᣬֺȫǻϲصģٟRסƫһʰˡΪˣ˾ǰŲã󴦴ϹŮ⡣
ٟRĸˣͿĸŵͷһϲϷˣŹŮ֣֪ĸһͽˡĸ˵ĸˣüûˣ֪㳤ʲôģˡ
ٟRϷһۣһ֣ĸͣؼˡ
Ϸ΢΢Ƿлˡ
⺢ӡֵЦţٟR£Ūգˡʲʣ֣Сĵû
˺ˡ˵䣬һֶ쳣ķʵġɵĽķŵٟRǰ۷⣬ü겻¶ôˡ
ٟR֣һЦԭ֣ʲôʱعģ
Ц𣬡嶣ūϸ»ġ
ٟR˵ëû
Цһæ˵˸ˣūٲˡ
ٟRЦһָһ̧æ£ٟRǰۡS
ֵˣԭ֣ٟRٟRŪĴޣ֣̫һ֮°ȥˡ
ٟR֣ǣĸһȥЩƽʱýģȥģͶȿֺͷܻˡ
ٟRˣϷҲûʲôУһôôۡ
һڵϲٟRֽڣеۣȥϢˡ
ǣ֣̫źٟRĻƢȫλˡ


337 ֮



ĵ 
ʵӷǹ߹֮,˻ֻĥһ֣ʵʵġ
Ϊһֱ̫ǹΪĸ,ռ񷨴ġ
±¾͹һλŮ,ĸ뱻檸,һô
Ȼ֣Ҳ˽ġ
̫ǰҲû¶,,һЩմ˿Ǻã
ͦġ
֣⵹˵,Ҳ
֣Ӳ⻰Ц,Ķһڸ밲ʱȥֺ,⻹ôȥء
һֱĸ˵󰲺Щû񡣹ȫ˵Ҳá
֣üһ,ʲôƨȫѵã
ȫȫĺ,ֻûͻ˥ż˥޷ʱ̫ÿɲǺ¡
ֺ֣ҲþͲȫ
ǹĸһ,ܾǹĸ˲áĸʱͲùĸϲ,ѵþ빫ദǢ֣ҡͷ,ƾһӵ˽,Ҳòġ,ˡһҪǨֺ,Ҫ˵,治һǺ¡
ʵֺǱ£޷õΪǲǹˡ
ȻǻҲûοŮĴ㡣
֣Ľֻһ£ֻ̫ûжѡۼ˽ģδûа
֣ŵҲǴ¡S
֣£ĸֻܷġĸǰ°ŵ׵ȻԴţ˵Ҫָ顣
֣˲⣬ʲô˼
ĸΪνΪ֮أҵΪ߹Ÿɸ֮ϡ֣ѡֻԹԼ־ĸײҪ̫С˭˭׽˭ܵõĸ׽Ϊʲôˣ
ǿ׷湫ΪṩòҪͼ־ڹ֮ϡͼõ벻³
֣ⲻ㵽ֺΣϹҲû뵽һֺͰ׽˸ˡ
СķٟRƫϢźۼӹа裬ַ˻ز裬ٟR˲˵ܺãϹĸɣҪġ
ǡϹū澾ȸˡ
ٟR΢΢ףϹ¡
Ϲ֣ʺ󶼲ֻˣϹĻ֣ʺǸҵ֪ǰRϷаRˣ
ūҲûƳҪ˵Ϸ˼ͦ˵ģЦĸƵġ˵˴Ͷˡ
֣ʺ̾RǸĺӡ
Ϲͬ
ͬɵ۱ԹҲ֪ĶˣĸһĵӽͰ͵ĵû˵һ䣬˵ۣϢȥˡ̫̫ǻϲ͸ǿû
ٟRʱ⻰˻ܻϢˣǽͣû˵˶ЦҾҪԱЦϷĸҲھҲѾĳ֮ôҪôţЦӭίߣǺЦĹĵ
ٟR׼񣬶ĸ׵ǰˣţ˻ء
⣬ǰô˵Ŀĸ
ⲻǰҲǹٟRҸĸײһĸ죬ҿ١ټңûңѵΪǣ
ɵ֣Ц죬󰡡
ٟRۣһֻҪΥǣ˭ҵĲǡʼݶˣߴð˴еǣǶЦӭˣҿɲҪ
ο׽չţһϲ㵸ģĸǰϲиֻ֣֪ڹǹҲأ
ٟRĿæе£ûеģĸҲĵĲɣǰЩ컹Сһ
ûеģҲܲţñҸǰۣҿûʲôɫ
⺢ӣһ߶ġ
ٟR鲻ãִһƽʱ˵ЦС˶ýС΢Ҳҷ˵Цµ̫δñްݵ
ԭͲܣǸ˵Ц飬ٟRֵģֱĲС
չＸ˽ٟR飬ƣٟܳRµʱ˵ЦƬ̡
ÿ뼰ˣ𣬡ұӵԩҡ
֪գȰҲϾСҲͺˡ
һġԹ
ô
˵ӱҲ⼸ˣЩȥûļ󡣡
ǡ
ȥ͵ģչٟR֮¡
̫ʦ
̫ʦ˭ûˡ
һ˵¾֪ˡϻȥ⣬λӥ֪ԭǱµ֮һʱᣬ
ʷｫԼľ߰ڷ룬˳̫ʦ游ҲǾɽ˵ǰ㸸׵Ķʦ
ǡ˵ʱ̫ʦ飬ʱ̫ʦδˡ
ٟRʣ̫ʦ̫Σֻӷ̫ʦѵûʵְ
ʷæ˵游̫ǸΣӷʾ裬̫ʦ̫ʦʵְλڸ֮ϡ
չҸԭ˼׸ģ̫ʦʣ±Ϊӷ̫ʦǰߡ
̫ʦڸ֮ϣѾڸ̫꣬ʦڸ֮ϣǱڸĵλ
ڸѵкιʧ
޹ᣬǺεأ
Ǹ̫ʦӸְţӢĶȥ
ֲǱλڹ٣ǰɵͦã̫ʦΣէص۶¶죬ο̫ʦҲܳҿйŸɵˡٟRϹʲô
Ҹ˵̫ʦŸԶʤ׸ԭ͸в߾֮
ôû̫ʦŸԶʤడܸʮ֮һǺõġ
뿴ٟRԭ¶֮ߣչﶼ˼ˣʶҸŸǼҸңҲ̫ˡ̫ʦĺ
ʲôʱͬˡһλæ̡µĽ鷿䣬䲼Ϊ¡
ʦˡʦٟRܲչＸҲ˵ͬʦк
ȸй񣬼ٟRɫָһЩҲܸˡ
ٟRʣʦڸûʲô°ɣ
ڸʲô££˷裬ƵһڣҪ˵£ǰ˵׸ûóȥˡ
񸸻ţҲٟRȲҲɵûȤڸǰ
游׵ıˣֲǻʵۣ޹أɡ
ٟRܾûϿˣ鷭ͰĽϰ
ֻ˭ҲûϵʦȻתͰ˼˴£컯ڸλǰϲ࣬˵̫ʦǿʮֹ
뿴࣬͸ȥһ˿ǣѵͽĽ飿
ٴ˵ʱҲסķɫ˵һ䣬̫ˡ
ɦɦ°ͣӦûʮ˵ģģŹܵʮ֮һǺõġף϶ԣ˵ġ
ĿתĶ飬⣬Ц
³̾뿵ˣ


338 ֮



ĵ 
˸СС,ûȴްڸ˶Թ֮԰ͬ
þͶƳ磬Ϊ׸,ദǢǶĻʱҲ,ܹѧ̰߰ǣཨǨΪֱܶ
ֱܶʵȨеʵȨ,۶Ҳ
ⲻû,ֱ,ǻڸҪְ
,ʱⱻ,Ȼе﹫Եʡɹ⼸һֱҹŮʱʮֲɵ,ʱŮڼŮ԰һѹٹԡ
ô˵Ǹ,Ȼ˹ͷ,ܾǷ˹һЩ
ο̫ʦλڸ֮ϣڸ˷ʷ,΢ǡ
ʷ̫ʱַ̫ʦһ,ʷ̫Ҳµء,һĵʦ,˼̫ʦʵ,̫Ρ
ǰ̫,ڸʵȨ̫ʦһ,С
ʷ̫˽ûٸӱԹ
Ůӹ˵⻰ʷ̫Ҳͬģ
ǹٳ۲Ÿأǲ̫ʦ
׸֮λΪʲô
Ϊڸ
ɽ׸̫ʦҲԸһ˾ڸ֮ϡԼλάڸĵλƾһ㣬͵׸֮λ
룬ʷ̫Ϊģ
ʷ̫Χ飬ӺЩô
ûʲôˡ³Բ裬Ͽͦá̫ţصˡҵΪӵҲ˺Щӣοءɡ
ʷ̫΢΢ףǰТ֮ˡ
ʷҲͬʷ̫ϿɹТġ̲ëʣһԵ£Ȱ⡣֮ʹҲֻܿԼŹȥˡ
³о׼ǵʿӣ֣β빫Ǵһⷱܿһ
÷ļ򣬡ٹɣŹȥˣ˰ɡ
ʱҶ˵ҲȤһ䣬д󳤹ңǹףȥݼһߣʼҲ޷ġ
Ǵ˵Ļˮһڣǣ˽˽ģ£ڿ߯Եˡ
յãճڸ̫ʦԺϻµˡһ̫ʦǣ̫ʦЦǰ࣬Ҹﱸ˺þơԾƵģ
˵˵ã۹񡣡
۹˭ԾơݵÆ£ߣɷ˵ˡ
̾ⲻԾƣǰƱ
̫ʦһЦ
ظط¾ƲˣͷϳʱͽˣұСˣ˵sԷ
ʦĸæǴҳԾƵҹ칫ġǲٺֻܾƷİ׹
̫ʦЦҲһ׸˵Ļ
׸Ҳģ
طһЦȥ޾Ʋˡ
Ůˮ̫ʦͷԣʣڸ󻹺ðɣ
㣬ĸ棬Ҳôʵô֪ʲô
ٸװɵƸߪΣڸ֮ϣڸѵû
ڸ󵹻ãʲôҲš浱øͿңһԱȣҶŹǸˡ
̫ʦһЦ
ҲЦˡ
Ʋ£ط˹ˣȥůǱ߶ԣлвҲůͣҶˣҲ̺ˡ
̫ʦ̧žߣлʦ
طЦݴȺͣs񡣡
ӵ¡
̫ʦҪˣһˣô¸
ҪΪ˽ż
طЦǿȥɡ
ط˰ݣĶʰ޵ĺܺã÷׺ܼ䣬ܰ£ƽҲ鷿
Լˣƣʦͽһյ̫ʦϷǷ뻨׵ͣЩԹԣҲ˲ˡ
ЩС¡ڸҲеģһйƶΪ˱£Ϊ°ȡԭ½֮λֱ˵̫ʦ֮λ̫ɥʩչȭţҾûɨˡ
̫ʦЦִ£룿
ʲôġ˼ң׸ʵ⵹Ҳãڸ¹ªĶ࣬һǰ˳ű󣬱ػҪѹǡΪ̫ʦʡһڡ
˵뿵ҡ
̫ˡⲻΪ档
Σ
ǰ飿С޷뿵ʲô£ͻġ˴αΪ٣һʥԪʧ󣬾ҵ޹⡣
̫ʦ뵽뿵ɱ֮£Ҳɵȷû׵Ķʲô¶ġ
ǽˣþλǶ¶˵衣
뿵ĳǳӣ޷Ǿǳ͢ʧЩࡣͶˡ
һΪǽ鲻
ĲŸκ˶ܷϵġһʣʷʷ̨꣬Ҳûֺܺƾģɲ̫ĳš
̫ʦҲֻ̾̾вȴ޵¡
Ϊ͢þˡҪ²ż汸δȫСΪβΪأڸʧδѰ
δţֻϵɲҡҹɫ̫ʦ¶һ˿⣬ŮµߵģҳٳһλŮأ
ͣ˼⼸Թۣ¸Ů١Ҳڿأ
̫ʦҲͣ˱յüɻ֮¡֣ȨȴϡҾڹϿ˽ġ
ʦԼͬĳĬˡ
һȨ֮ˣԵ
û˼ȥǴΣҲǹҪȥڸƼѡ۫ѣò빫ϡJ
൱ڿδӹԱسʡĸĹ͡
̫ʦһɵŮģҲû֤ݵ¹Ůûɣûʧȥġ
Ժ˵м
ֻܷԸ
سְ
֪ȥ·ϼڹٳ󱲣ʦá
κְأ
ӼΣ
ŷҪΰţд㣿
ŷȥ񲿣ɼֻǴƷɾǿˡ
ȥҲ뿵ģȥԺΣѧʿڽŷƷ̶ѧʿѧʿȥΣճԺ֮λš
̫ʦ֮⣬ƴЦsѧʿв
ֱǸ
̫ʦһЦѧʻǲġ
ȥѧʰɡ
̫ʦ˼ֻسԺѧʿ
Ĵ´ࡣһϳˣڶǰι顣ҼǵĴͱҪԳЩЩһֱڶΪ٣Ͻ̻Ĵ֮
ʲôΪģĶΪЧ̫ʦߣҲֻ֣˽أȻƾ֮ţи
ҼǵĴ˳͵ҲǲŻ֮ˣ֪һٻ
̫ʦû£˾һڣκְأ
Ϊʦƣ۶Σ
̫ʦ´󳩣ٱǵ˱
ຬЦ
ʣ֣Ҫΰţ
̫ʦɫ㲻ҲҪ顣֣οפɱйֻ֣Ȩλ̫֣Ȩˡ֣򱱻̫ξһְ֣򱱵Ρ
ãɱô죿ô
ɱ꣬ЩҲսպգ󽫾һְס򱱹أԺδ󽫾
͡ૣ˵Ѹйһ顣ٳһֱɱƷ֮λ֮ʦͣʣʦмְգ
Ҫ˵գһ԰ɡ򱱹оʮ֣ܲ򱱲ھʹһһԻ޷ġS
žյˡҴ²ʦ
̫ʦü⼫һΪʲô
޸ڸ֮ΪТӡ̫ˡҪ֣򱱣֣ҵĸһ֣ҾΪβ֣ΧӵܣڣΧˣͼ֮أ
ڣ֣ҾͲᾯô
ᡣ֣ףѲ̫󵱳߼ӵܣóЩλӣⲻʲô¹⽥ڣһͬӳϾݣοɱ֣ҵģɱǳ͢ġҲϧ֣򱱣֣ؼҽڵ۶һǧȥ̫ξҲǺõģ̫ˡΪβɹԱã͢һ飬ٵ֣ء
¾յⲻıԡ
㡣̫ʦҲЩΣǱ¡²Ըٿ֣ҼƱȨ
̫ʦѴ̫ʦȱڸ֮ϣڸԼķ̫ʦ̫ʦõµ֧֣̫ʦ֮λ
Ȼ֣ұȨ֮£̫ʦû˵¡
ߣû˵ء
sʦ֣֣ңҲȫʰס̫ʦ͸ϣ
ֻϣжʧñֱּɡڸ飬Ҳͬ¡
̫ʦЦǴΪʦʿ
Ϊƣôײǽͷ
㲻֧֣Ҳô
Ǳµ£Ҫָ㽭ɽ֮С
ˣҪԣΣ
ٱǵøʷкѱʥּⲵȥʷ̨зⲵʥּ֮Ȩ
ȻΪܵģ̫ʦʵ᲻ӣ治ٿһ£
⵹ӳٱֻСյһ죬Ծưɣ
Թƣ໹ƽѰ̳ųؼȥ˵ǵнٺֱ̫ʦЦá


339 ֮



ĵ 
ظ,շϾЩɺȥ,е²˳ô
ӦҪǹ˰ɡ
շûϵϾ,΢¶ݡ
ȥԡˡ
ϰߣ۶,ÿ춼ԡϰߡ
ȥɣѾ׼ˡշ˻ָƽ,ɷ,ʲô
Ӽͷһ,ȥԡ
ԡѱЩˮ,ĿˮУˮпɫǲƿڸּ,Ҳ̫ųˡ
ô׸ѡ˭أ
Ӧʷ̫ɡ
ڶǰ鲢δϣ̫ʦεɫ,ɵѾἰ̫ξ֮¡
ڸ˶Щ¡
,ʣ̫ξƱȨľɹְˡҪ̫ξǳԺĲʹ̫ξ,׸˻أ
ɵ۵̫ξ̫ξ,Ǳ,ôŻôš
,ˡΪ˾,鲻òһ,˵ְأ
ɵһĨЦ,֣ڹйɳ޽ϱԣ̫ξְ֮俴Σ
ɺ£̫ʦǱµ̫ʦ̫ξ֮£˶Ϊһλʵ۱ϳƱȨϱѡ֣򱱡
ʷ̫ʣ֣̫ξ򱱴󽫾һְ˭ƣ
򱱵ĸͣоҲݴ󽫾֮λƣһƱʵΡ
ʷ̫ƹڸؽͲϤ˵ּΣʵڲ˽ˣͲˡ
Ϊ飬ʷ̫󣬡ʿ۹Ʒ佫ʮ꣬׳ꡣŮ֣󽫾ĳӣ˻ġ
ˡɵЦҲˣһԡɣ򱱻ȥˡ
̲Ҳһضһؾڱ߽ԣίʵ˵Ͼͨδԡ
ʷ࣬׸һֱû˵
ɵʣ䣬Σ
ʷһʵϣƱԣ۾
ɵЦ˵˵
ڲ˽£ʷһõĽ߽߹غƽģֻҪס߹أ֣ԡҳıؽغˮҲᣬԵؾ塣ı߾Ǽƽ򱱹֧߾ΪЯ֣򱱣׳ΪߡҪ˵ƷףڳĽ۾λ۹Ҫʤ֣򱱡̫ξһְټ
̲ǰһѽǱ֣򱱸ʵѡ
ɵ׼ˣҲ룬ʹˣޡ
ʷӲĺܣΪ͢ЧֻҪһͲȴ
ɵҡֶЦҪƽӡ
ʷҲ޻ˡ
ԾһĨ޶Ц⣬Ҳûӵˡ
ɵ۷һδ࣬࣬Ϊأ
Ϊ̫ξ֮Ҫӳ飬򱱹֮Լ࣬û̫ξȨڳ͢ڱ£ÿһս£дսΪɱСܶƴס򱱹ֳɵѡΪҪ˶أ
ƴĻᣬԶܶƴعصĻᣬͲ֪ûعصһģ͢ӦøᣬûлᣬͲɵ۵Щ꣬Ҳδûаܼ
֣򱱵ȻаܼСܣʤǴʤЩ꣬ûòһνЩ˵򱱹⣡̬ͬһºͼᶨû˿ҳ벳ѳƽʮ֮ãûдս£⼸겳һֱαװɱ߹غɧű߾£¶ϲС
˵ҳ˵ǶԼսģս²׿ΪҪȴΪҳ򱱹صʮ򾫱ǰ裡
ʱҳ󽫣ֳɸԷϻᡣ
£û˻Źʱġ
һдս
ɵƽᷳ޷һ֣֣Ͷ꣬ײˣ˾һɣ¶٬߳һ˵Ҳܻ֣ˣ
ԻڣҲʹˡΪϿʤ㡣Ϊ׸Աµ֣֮ߡ
ڸ꣬ºͣҵı̬飬ڸ˶ɵˡɵ۸˵ʱĻ࣬Ϊ׸ҲǱ֮㵱ȻԷԱµ飬ҲֱԸɣǱµĳ͢µڸ󣬵֮ˣǱ¡
Цɵۣ̬˳֮£зߺǵ׸ֱ֧£Ϊ¿ȫõõĿԶʧΪʥ֮ơ
£֧
Ҫ˵ڸɵľ뿵һֱϲ࿴һۡʶ뿵һֱû˵ɵҲû
ɵδϵ뿵ʾ֧֡
ֻɵۣǰ뿴뿵ࡣ
ͬǣֻƳһ۱ƿߣ۶ʱİգ뿵֮ϵ˰ɡ
˵гţ뿵㲻̫һô
ôͻȻ֧ˣĪǵĹλͶˣ˵ڵͶ״
ɵ۶뿵ǲ޵
뿵˳ɵ۵˼׾ٵȡǰȨȵСһС֮֡Ƶ̲飬飬ֱ֧ô
ͣ˵ֳܱ󳼵λַϱȴֲ֮Ϊԡԣ֣󽫾ڳɱ£ʱȥ֧Ԯңֻ󽫾֮λϲʵģÿʵ
ɵɿ޾Ǵ⡣
뿵ʣ飬ֱ֧ô
ȻҲڱıϣ뿵Ͷϣɴ࣬ҲΪһԡ
뿵еĺԺѧʿѧʿأ
ѧʿԴǰڹ֮һֱڸС͸ʱæԣ
뿵ʣ飬˵أ
λջֱسֻ࣬ƹֱ񣬱߷֮£Ҷԡ
⼸ᶨģ뿵ѵƱռʤ֮֡ʣʷ˼أ
ʷɲλ̫ξ֮޷δûеǶ֪ಢΣ֮ˡ
ȷΪ׸Щ꣬һȡ̫ȨʱԷʷʷ̫Щִͬһлػ
Ҫǣ໹һеĴºţ᷸׸
˵׸Щ꣬жϴδ
ҲȾ׸֮λԭΪʵ֮ϡ
뿵λڸ֮ϵ̫ʦ̫ʦһʷİɡ
̫ʦҲϲ뿵ʱҪ̫ʦһ򱱹ѹգȽ֮Ǿݹذ֮գӳǳ֮ᣬعصס֣򱱣Ϊ٣ʮҲҪεġμ½죬Ҳ֣ڳιٵ˼Ҫ˷ǵľԲŸɣ򱱹Ƶ򱱱ڳͳ±ƽƽ
̫ʦ˵棬ο̫ξְ֮ȷٸٺҵ۶壬Զɱຮܱȡ˭Ҳ˵İί֣ҡ
ʷ̫ʦľ֮ϣȻ̫ʦ˵Ȩ⣬ףǲһԡֻǳΪ򱱹عΪҪвð
̫ʦǡ
ʷĸֱ֮˶Ͷ޳ƱʣµֻԼְ˾֮ڵı̬ǳãǨԾΪ׼Զսġ
ɵۣ֮¡
̫ˣ˼أ뿵ʷ̫
ʷ̫ȻҶͬ⣬򱱹ǱؽСЩҲˡJ
뿵ɵǰĻ̌࣬°ͣӸµ࣬Ǵҵ඼ˡڣأ
Ȼɵ۹һ񣬡ʳǹ١
ûϵ༤ˣʷֱ̫ʧȰ࣬ڴˣ
ʷҲ˵ҲͬҵСĿţ̫ʦϳı֮ˣ򱱹󰭡
лͬŹػɫɵۣĿƽո˵Ҫȥ׸֮λ˲׸ִбŵˣϸӣ˳ģ׸գʹԱλ֮١׸Ǳµĸеĸģʣ׸Ҫһͬģɱµ־
񳼷Ա¶Գţвɵ͵ķ硣Ǹ˹ִ֮ˣͬǲҲõġ
ΪΪ룬Ҫȥλ
Ǹʧ̬ˣҪȥλ·ɵ۵ţҲҵķԡһºͲйžӷ֮ˣɵ鲻ԽһЩ֮ġ
뿵ͬ¾ͳȫģ׸֮λ±̩ɽһ㲻ɺ־ɣ
Ȼǰ£ɵоϣʱ飬뿵Ц̫ˡ£ֻкòõķֱ𣬼࣬õʱҲԥɡΪһõˣֻᵢ鳯աᣬЩƽأ̣ͱִʢȻ°뱲Ӷںжȹɡ
ȻҲڰɣ
Ȳ뿴һء
Ҷ뿵Ȼǰ˵˼ԼֱĿɿڴʲôƽء̡°뱲ںжȹȲ뿴һաҲֱ̫˰ɣ
̫ʦȴǲ뿴İ뿪ãƳ뿵һۣĻడ
ǰԡ뿵̫ʦ˽ģ̫ʦΪһڸ౳˻ͳԦڸɣ˽ƣ񣬻˽Щء
㻹Ǽ˭ҧ˭
Ҳǡʵ̫ʦ¹¹е㲻мġ뿵ֲãӲ̫ʦ¸ǰ̫ʦעɡ£ľأ
ɵۻָƽ̫ξ֮¾Ͱּڳй׼ǹ٣޻ҪĸJ
ĬȻ
뿵¶ζЦ⣬ôһ˼ˡ׸ǹپ̫ˣиӦʰ
ʮĵֶֻô
һʧ
ǰڸ¡
һֱĴ൥˵뿵ҡ뿪ʷ̫סʷ̫ƽʱҲܿ뿵ʱʣ飬ʲô˼Ҫǹô
ʷҲͣ׷׿顣
뿵νǰ
ʷ̫ʱĲᣬͬ꣬ƽʱ㲻£
Ұʲôʲôʲôϵǹ񲿣ѵ޳ǹ٣뿵һЦڸˣѵ֪̫ٶ˰ɣ
ʷ̫޳СЦ㻹˵׸ѵҲģ
뿵󾪣Ȼˡѵһ˵Ѱڸ׸ôܿճأ׸ճ׸أĺûᣬѵһ
һڸԱ׸Ļ˵ûʣ˲ܡʷ̫ǰһڣһΣǷʷʱһѣܱ뿵Ρʷָ̫뿵޳СˣΪ˽ıҪࡣԼվӣô
ÿվӣλ֮ϡ뿵ʲݵһȭλ͡
ˣʷ̫ͷͣȫޣ˹ȥҪ뿵һȭ뿵书ģɱܹЦ뿪
ʷסʷ̫Ȱ̫˺αСֵġ
߽ͬ飬ǣ̫Ȼ⡣
ʵڵ֣̫ξ֮£ﶼЩûס
°Щˡ
֣Ȩ̫Ҳʵ²Ը֣ǯƣλ֣Ҳί֣ҡ
ʷصʷ̨ʼĽڵ۶ĳҶнڣҶ˵֣Ϊ̫ξ֮£ҶJ
ԭҲҪ֣ҵϵڵ۶һ仰£֣вԸҲҪġʷŨüšδҵķԹǸϸȫ֮ˣҲֵȶ
ⴰ͸룬ʷŹ⣬ɿǾ෴ʱëȻһ£Ҷĸоһġ
ǾǶԵġǿҷԣǾӦ֮ĶԴ֪жϴδңα߿٣аƽɱսµжֵԴġ
ҪôǹԣǾΣˡ
²δǹ֮롣
һȥ׸֮λġǾͬͬţཻ꣬˽ⲻڷʷ֮¡
Ǿϸֺĵ֮ɫʷһֹ뿵Ⲣ뿵ĸ⿴أ뿵ҲΪսĹ٣Ĵμֱϲأˡ
ĳ֮£˾෴жϣ
ھֻдⴺ绺
ǲᱳΪ׸εġ뿵ͬ뿵ϣ͢Ǿ˵Լۡ
ʷʧɫôܣ⻰Ȼֹʷ˵һ䣬ôң
ǾĿʷǱ˴˶ף뿵ȫóΪ뿵ʱЧҵ̫뿵²޶پ֣Եģ빫ʦƣ֪
͢뿵޷ƹλ
ֻг͢ң뿵пѰٵĻᡣ
һ˫֮ƿеţʷȻʣȫˣ
뿵жһµģ˾ΪͲƿ򱱹ءͬǣڹģɴǹҲҪԵס
뿵ҪƲҪ´Դڳ͢Ϊִľ档
նԱµĸͲǳԶԱµͬĻֺãʼգ뿵ҪЧҵĶǱ¡
ʷͷʹѣŭʧȥˣ૵˶
Ǿ̫ʦã۸֪̫ʦˡ
ʷҡͷΪˣһ˽ģ뿵ϴʲôãǶŮЩƫ̫ȥδãһ£պЩο¸Ů˴˴϶ȥ˵Ļ
ʷݺݵҧгݣ޲ܽ뿵ļ鳼̻ĥźֻҪС˹ƻǧƣҲùϵ
Ǿıӹһ΢ɲЦӰ뿵ǼѶԸġҲڵ۶СЩ
ȥ
ϡǾ۶ȨֻԱְɾѵñԼ֣ҵЩٹ£֣ӵܱ鲼ϱǳ͢˰صأ֣ǹһѫҲһˡ
Ҳ֣̫Ϊڸ֮ҹ̡
֣̫֣ӵܵΪ٣ʷ˴ŭѫбҪġ½ǾٺʲʷǽϾͽˡ
زС
Ǿ뿪۶ǰȥɵۣɵۻ̫ʦмӡ̫ʦԳǾͣǾº̶ɵ۵˳֮
ɵҲԳǾǳ⣬רĸɻԵĹ³ϵ⡣ɵԵǰֻγж༸ҶĹԱ
ҲǵΪγҶܻ֮λɵ֣̫ĬԭΪҶ̫ʺʷְ֮ˡ
̫ʦ뵽һ׮£ڿʱŹһЩҪɱҶĻ
ɵЦЦЦ
һ㳼ҪһɱˡŮ죬Ҷ⳼˴бԺԶЩЦҲ˵ġ
֪ˡ
ʷ˽Ȱ⣬ϱǹ١ǹٺɵ޹Ҳֻȥˡ
Ϊٶ꣬ڳɵۺʹׯ԰֮ͬĴǹ롣
ˣ͢Ϊ֮һ࣬ɵ۵
뿵ǹٵչݷãҡռҡԼİȣ־Ķһ෢ʩ֪񣬻˼񡣡
ǰ뿵¶һٺƲ΢Ц뿵ʱමȻһȭ뿵
Ȼȫ뿵Ѫ룬೤һһŵĸ뿵ܾˡ


340 ֮



ĵ 
ְ˽ֹ˱Ѫ,뿵ĳʹı,ҿǺһѡ㿴,ô𱨵ġ
޹أǵ㡣
뿵һ,һЦ˰,þûҾͲ֪ƽˡ
ֿʼ,뿵ӵ,ٶҿɲˡ
,ϽҲơ
¶һ˫Ц,һۣѹס֣Ҫ,˳Ҳ档
̾˿
뿵,֪㲻׸֮λʵҲ򱱹ص׻Ρѽ˳̵,ԭĳ
һۣ뿵ͷ,,ҪǱ޴סˡ
಻˵
뿵Ц,Ҳû뵽ô,ˡ
ʱúЪһЪ,ʱɻ˵ۡ뿵,
໽סҺ
뿵ײ͸¶һĨ࿴ټ򵥲Ц⣬á
ٟR֪Щ»ʷ̫µѧʱٟRʷʦ²裬էŴ£¾²նŲյá
ྐྵȻǹˣ
У˾˱򱱹أ̫ξһְ
ЩȫȻ֪
һֱڹٟRչէȻ֪״ǹٵ£Ҳסˡ
׾Ȼǹˣ
ʷʦʲôʱ£
ǰ졣ʷ̫ꡣ
˾عصĺúõģΪʲôҪڵ۶̫ξ
ʷ̫ǲԸٟR£һߣڸʧĹǣ⼸ʷ̫Щ˼֪ΪξµĿ
Ҫʷ̫˵Ͳ֣عִƱȨȨĵ˵ˣҿ̫ʦ˼֣ڵ۶򱱹Ҳһ½졣ǲɣ֣򱱹ȥ
ʲôأ佫֮ԭ佫ļҷ磬ΪʷʦΪĹٵļʵһġǱ첻㳷ҲˣΪ͵߷ҪأٟRǵ̫ƽ
ʷ̫ҲֻЩ˷˵Сս¡
뵽ʷʦ٣ٟRû˵߷֮£תʣ˾ô˵أ
֣̫ξ˱µJ
˵򱱹ػ£λδ󽫾ܳŵ򱱱߷ô
ʷ̫֣Ҳû飬ްġ£̫ʦ϶Ҫһ֣̫ξġ
ٟRֻݽ·£һչнƣʣδǹ٣
ʷ̫´˵˵ٟRྐྵΪԵ֣򱱴ǹ٣Ȼһ𣬡ȻԣΪβôأ
ʷ̫Ͷ޳Ʊ⼸һֱЩò׼ԭ򱱹Щ̫ͦƽӦ޴󰭣û뵽ң޻ء
ʦô˵أ
Ļͷǹ١ʷ̫ܲм뿵
ٟRǳԾָܿ򶨣ⲻΪ棬ʦ˵ȥԼ׸ĻᣬǲŹġ
ʷ̫̲ס뿵֪˵Щȫ֮ͬꡣ
ЩС¡࿴ţûʲôƢһǸˡǵõƼƹӼ࣬æ൱ʱͬҲδ⡣Ӽ֮¹Ȼûɡ
ٟR뵽£࣬ǸʦҪˡǲɴǹҲͬεΣôͲõΡ
ٟRһϯչɫɽתΪƽ
ΪͬҸ׵ġ
ʷ̫ô
ԡ
ʷ̫üδչٟRʣʷʦ㻹з°ɣ
йˡһȥڸס
ٟRһʷʦ׸
ʷ̫ףǡ
Ҫʷ̫㵵Ŀ⣬ٟR֪ʷʦֱѵõ̫֮ʵˣ׸֮λ߷б䣬׸Ҫ渺Ϊδǹ٣Ϊжλ£಻ͬδԲŻǹ١
׸ҪΪġ
ٟRΪ͢ÿǾڸµģô͢һشʧ׸Ҫ׵Ϊʧ𡣡
ʷ̫ҲҲ뿵ǻ˶ҪˡǾ뿵С˵־ģ
˭˵ʦҪ׸ģ
Լ˵ġʷ̫˵ͻðɣڸ󣬾һϴӣ
ֲϲʦܵġ㲻ᱻƭ˰ɣٟRʵϵʷʦĴĵͬλʦŪȥ
ʷ̫һ뵽ֿܾͲɫ࣬޺һꡣǹĹԱǿô죿˱ᣬʷֻʷ̨ƻ¶æءʣµľҡ̲顢顢뿵ǻˡ
ʷֻʷ̨棬ȴһǸǱˡ
ٟRüһǶʣ̫ʦ
̫ʦ
ѽٟRһ뵽̫ʦӰ𣬡һ߷׸Σó͢Ĳɣ˭ɣѵ򱱹ػ²ţ̫ʦڸ֮ϣǽô
׸֮ϻ̫ʦǻ׸ʲô
˵໹ʦҲʦ£ڸʧȴ޹ʱΪ̫ʦ֮µĻ׸Ҫ̫ʦֻҪԵĶǹ٣
˭׸̫ʦڸ£Ȼλ̫ʦ˵š
ٟRʷ̫ܱסڸĵλ
ʷ̫ļһĵһǿƣʪۿЩơƺ仰ơ
ǵġ
Դӱ̫ʦس̫ʦ֮λڸ֮ϡڸ˶һֽŵյĲ̤ʵУʲôרģĵ׶͸Ų
ϲ˵вҲףڸҪԱˡ
űͻΣӾֲա
Ҫ̫ʱ׸ʷ̫϶ǫѷĵ׸߸˵ĽΡJ
̫ʦ˽̸ҲΪµ׸ȴʼն׸֮λԥ
ǾţƺҲûô׸ˡ
סڸĵλ
ԣǱ׸Ҫ£
ڸΪȻҪڸ̫֮ʦ
Ȼһж̫ʦţô̫ʦ׸ɣ
յһɨ壬ʷ̫ʣ֪ٟRϢߵ¡
Ҿ͵ʷʦĺϢˡ


341 ֮



ĵһ 
캮,ͷҲ̣⺬µʰľ£ٟRСӶ,ʶٟRһͲֺ,ںµţźϢ,Ŀγˡ
ٟRЩзĴ,ǰһšʡĸ˵,Ҳûʹ
׸ֵ˼,Ȼ˵,ǲ֪
Ĵ£غ˾ת̫ξ¡Ҳÿȥĸ,ȴҲûĸ˵
Ը£ҲûȤ
඼ɴǹҲҪԵ׵£治øΪҪһУJ
ɽѵټҵĽɽ
֣Ʊ,Ʊʮ,ֻҪĵãǾ͸ã
Ϊ֣أ
ĸţһʥͱ㽫˾ٻص۶,ѵõ֤ô
ٟRкһ̫ʦȴҲ˵ƾһ̫ʦĴ¡˵ǸԼ˼,Ǹʲ֣ң
СʱҲżĸ븸ϵʱ,ǢķΧ
ԭʴӸĸз
ЩֵĹ,αװô
ɼ,ĸѾȥ,˳ɸ,ֺأ˾һټصĽ춼ҪģԺĸӲǼأ
ߣ󽫡׸ǹٶ£µģܳŵסһۣ˻⣬ʼҾҪˣ
һˣٟRȻԴ
ټ֪޾ˣ
ʮһؼҴЩͷϢԶԶģҪõĸİ
ĸʲôɲЩ£Ҫ˵ĸ󣬵õĸϿɣ
Ĺ͸룬ɴһ죬ӿ룬ٟR
ֶܸôԸ£Ҫ
ȲҲϹȻԴõģƾʲôҪ˳ǵ˼S
䣬ʷ̫Ҳһ
緹ڸһɢˣԱԼŴ
գʷ̫ס˴ң顣
Ƴһۣ¿ߡ
ҿС᣿ƨεģߣһģҷǲˡ
ʵңʷ̫䣬빫ʦƣսƭȥʷ̫ʷǶȥԼվɫм£λ顣죬̫ʦ˵׸֮£Ҽ׸
죬̹ϲȴǱʷִ̫ϡʷ̫ûаҪ׸˼Ҳûа˿ϲ֮⣬ɫڸ¶꣬˭֪˭ʷǸʵˡʵ˵ˣҾ׸һ£̫ʦڸ󡣡
ʷ̫˻һ䣬˲˵ȡסһʷͷȻûӵ⡣̲龪Ｋˣ̫ʦڸ󣿡
ԣ̫ʦ֡ʷ̫ԼĹ۵㣬ȻСĳ룬ȡһոµӴݸңǿĿ׵
Ƚˣ̫ʦڸݣʷ̫޶Ծǣʷ̫ƽʱɲôӣôˣоΪٵһӾˣ
鿴ݸʷʷԭ;̫ʦȥ
Ҷһ飬㻬Ҳû˵Щ׵ĹϲĻΪﶼ̫ʦڸ֮ϣ̫ʦڸ֮ϵ˼
ǹ٣˲޳ɵ֣⣬»˼ɡ
̫ʦڸôڸͻڸ
ֻǣڸ򣬶
̫ʦս֮ϣĪ˵ǷķȴֻˡG
ʷ̫ѾǩԼ֣Ҷͬʷͷӣһͬ
翴̫ʦ˳ۣӦȻʷģҾͲ˵ЩͷԵĻˡȡëʣʷֺ̫ǩԼ֡
򱱹ص£඼˵ף̫ʦһƽǾ͸̫ʦԼʷ׸֮λ汳ʷ࿴˰ɡ
ڸˣҲ̫Ŀˣ
ͷǩãǷʷʷδ̫ʦǰͼ򵥵Ϊ̫ʦ̫ʦڸҲ
Ȼ󣬴
ֵʱ֧ʣʷ̫üһЩźĽԼɷдȥ
ѧʿд֣µݻʷ̫ʷ̫˫£֣صĿңҽվ͵ȥдѯλʷĳͬġ
ʷģֽ˭̫ʦʺڸء
ҷ׷׵ͷ
鱡һ¶ɭɭݣ·Ҫѵʷ̫˸⣬̫ʦǫã̫˲ֱ˵򱱹صһԼšôԺκְ˾ڸһͨΪ̫ʦ˲ҿǲڶεġ
鷴ӦΪѸ٣࣬㲻ͬ򱱻ô
ΪµĳӣµʥҶͬʴңֲģ̫ʦšȻ˭ţ˭ɻѲȥ򱱹ص£ҪԽ޴ô񲿿ɲ£˵Ҫ̫ʦȥ£
æƲ壬飬Բģ죬ôأȻ̫ʦ˵ķԸ
ǰ̫ʦ˵
ԺȻҲ̫ʦ˵ҵ̫ʦ֮

ǣΪۣҶ̫ʦ
ǵ̫ʦһ̫ʦڸ֮ϣԺ̫ʦڳ֣̫ʦ˵βŽʼա
˰
԰򱱹ֻǿ˸ͷ֣򱱹أȻ֣򱱼ܿգѱ֣Ҳᷴ
ɲǵ¡
ССģû¸֣ȥ
̫ʦԼ֧̯ӣԼذɡ
ʷпÿʱ;Լ治ʺڸ󣬲Щһľϴˣ
ʷ̫û飬ֱӴӵѵ¹ݼ
ҸɴûɢԼʱʷ̫ˣͬŵĿ⣬ʷ̫ͷˡ
ҲԼͬ¶ǳЦ⡣
õ׼ź󣬸ɢȥ
ʷ̫Ҳȥ·ϣʯѰ߲ᾣ̫⽫Ӱʷ̫һʯϣֻһ£
Ȼ̫ʦϽ׸ְ֮ǵ̫ʦ̸ΪԵڸ֮𣬻һ̫ʦӦ𡢵εĿأ
ǹԹ壬ʱ׸֮λô˽ηأ
һ紩عϮʷ̫۰ڣʷ̫˽磬ܾûŹеķˡ
ٟRѧȥķǹ
ǹںµڣÿѧٟRȹ֣ʺ׼ÿɿڸ㣬ٟRζ˵Ƕˡ
԰ɣȺġ֣ʺЦҸٟRǰƣչＸ˶Уһһݡ
ҶЩˣٟRԱ˵գȥʳлͬĸ󽲡
˾չＸˣϹڹ˱һ˳ȥ
֣ʺ֣أЩԤС
ٟRĸֱ˵֪˾˱Ϊ̫ξˡ
֣ʺȻţȻŵĵ
Ҳ˵ĸԴҰ󹬣ͷ¾֪ˡĸһ˽ģʡҲͬ˵Ҳң֪ľͺˡ
¡֣ʺȻܴǰʱ밲֪һЩ¡
֮û㣬룬ʵһᡣ
նǰϵĻᡣ
RǸˡȻ֪¶˵£Ǿףǿܲϣ볯
֣ʺûٟRпԥ߶ҡ֪ѿǹɵҲԼľϡ֣ʺԴ˷ǳͣһֱ룬ҲǿѡһʽǰûҲӦһ£
ҲҪˡǱװԶһЩ綼ֻҪѱ˳ĽǰŵһУǵԸһҲӡ
ɼ֪ͷ£ôأ
û롣ҲʲôˣҲһ㣬һô֪أĸĶԻٟRԽĸԸΪҵĺôҷǳҪİ
ô᲻Ըأ֣ʺ¶ڴ񣬡ֻҪҶæܻ㸸ʲá
ٟR򴽽ǣŻԼ䵭߰ɡ˭֪ءȫҵԸҲͦõġ
ԭRŭ
⺢ԭǲ׶ŭģЩЦı졣
֣߱ģ˶صĲƴڻı죬ǰϹʱִˮڣ˭֮ദ崺ʡ
֣ʺδϹŭ̬J
ٟRʵҲı죬ʱֵĮɫФ֣ˡ
֣ʺԺһὫ֪ĳ㣬ʲôҪҲֱ
ĸҰһ£գҪȥ󳤹͡ö˾˺Ͱ綼ȥҪǡ
ٟRɴֱӵ˵ԼİţҪֱӼ֣һ档
֣⡣
У֪ˡ졣
˶٣֣ʺ飬ҲԸ̸һ̸Ҫá
Ը̸һ̸ʱӭκˣ֣߸ʡٟRĳּӲޱȵĶĵ̬һ־ǿӲۡ


342 ֮



ĵ 
鷿ӳ硣
֣翴ֳ,֣ϴһοɫԭΪҪٵһʱ乫ָܻû뵽졣ٺòϢ
֣һ򲻹ЦͫҲ͡
̫źõϢˡ
ްţӾǰٻ,һнԤ֮,ɵ۶֣ĳ֣
ǰҶ£˵Ҳ֪ǳ˭ȥġ
ܲסް֮ʹ,󹬣Ӵ˸á
û뵽ָܻ졣
֣ĸ,廹ðɣ
ʱһ,ͦõ,Щ,ˡǰ㰮˵Цʻ,˿˵ζ֣˵ѲǰٟR˵Ц
֣Щ⣬ôֻٶܺͰ,ûүء
֣,ٶܣȻҪ򱱹ص¡ٰͬ,˵ɿ顣ʲôڱ,һء
֣һ,Ҳǡ
֮,Ǻ¡
֣ԭ빫,ڴ龳,,֪Щûп
󳤹
ٟRã󳤹ȻӭֻٟRⲻģǽ֣ģͬ˵˵ͷǲԵ£֣϶˱ȨRһ֣ҪãѲµģ
ʲôǺǵ£Ǿͱˡ
ôܲأĴ¡󳤹ܾŶ֣Ȩ̫ˡ
ʢĪԡ۶֣Ȩ̫ʦǹ٣¶ܼ
¹ڹﴦ㣬ŻᵽǸ֣
ŷ׼ԵĲˣһֱ˵ǺЩô
ǰ󳤹ؿҲپᳯ£תϱ֣빫֮¡
޴ﵽ鷿Ŀ˼
ûظʣЩ죬빫ദΣ
ͦõİɡǰЩӻ˵ˣϿˡǸǰ죬Ҳûӵ£Ͱ졣
֪ĳôʡ
Щȣ˵ֲٹֺֻƬӦҲޡ¹ǸȰãԺءĸǹ塣
ѾôڲУù֪ҲҪ߹ٹʱʲôͬأǹô
游Ҳӹ˼˵ں󹬣Ҳû˸˵ЩֲáҲæÿڱߴ񣬽ȥã»ûعء
ӱô
ͦõġżô
⺢ʱţܼģ缸춼
˵һŮѳźʵʱίѴһвŸɣж£빫˵һ˵
ףǰҲͦЩ£󹬹Ҳơ游ģһѴµġ
ˣ
ϲˣԸ䣬ɼǴˡҲһ㹫˵Ự
һۣҪ֣򱱣а⡣
ϵϲɫɳȡһ£ǲǾöس²׵
ûô֪أ
̾ǰͺˡҲǰ֣ңǸϼף׵˼G
棬˽Ҳйġһƹ밢ദͦá֣壬Ҳ֣Һã֣й½ƾ˭˵֣͢ұˡ
ⲻܾ¡Ϊ׮£ֻǿֱ²޴⡣
ɫ游ģһתµġ佫֣򱱱Ȩ֣ɾ֮ףʵûԵҲ¶ͦܡ
Ǳµľǲ˵µĲǡ
һ֣ҽãܰס֣ңٺòġ
һȫû뵽˴
Ѵµġ
ù֣ǹ밲ҲҪ֣ǰ׽źá
һţЦ̾ұ游ҲͻʮǧɡܾԼ㱿漰Ȩ˷ִ磬·ûˡ
Ц޷԰סʱҿһڣԶ㡣
游޵Ĳ˼
յļ˳졣
󳤹׼ˣٟR˸ҵ֣УٟR΢΢Իӣʣ᲻£
͸վʱ£û¶ˡ֣ٟRƽʱҪ飬ŷǹʱ
֣ٟRɫϺãҲ
֣ٟRǼӭģʱһֱţҲãҵķ²ȥŹȻйвġˣȻɴ֣ʡ
ٟRֶԴ󳤹뽪ĸ游Ҳģɩڹһжãһһ԰޴ȦЩĵģ˵ҲŪĽ⣬һоѲɻڴţֲɾ˷û
󳤹ЦҲ̰ӱܶͶһ·ſģ˳˳ġҿRɫҲöˡ
ѾûˡһЪ˲¡ٟR֣磬ʵû뵽˾˻ڳ̫ξ˾˹Ҳ뵥һ
ȥ鷿ɣ徲
ٟRͶԴ󳤹һĸ˵
󳤹ٟRƫֵ㵽ΪֹȫʱٹĻ̵ãȥɡ
ٟR˵游ҲǾһ̸̸JS
Цµġ
·ԴٟRֶ֣֣ȥ鷿
ö飬鷿Ҳʰ徲¡˷¡ٟRȻ֮λȿڲ跽Ҳ󶮣ǰѧƣ̫ξԭµĹְ˾һֱ򱱹Ϊƽص㶮ô
֣治֪
ǰǵƽأǶˮ۶Ҳ̫ξʵ
֣⺬ЦٟR
ΪδϵٟR̫ξһ˷УȻֱ˵֣粻˾̫ξְ֣֮ҲЩ£̫ξΣԭɵ˿ġ
ٟRҪ˵˾㲻ֻɱ񡣸ѯĽɣΪ֡Եľ㲢ʮֶҲóȻȥɡ
ʹȰһʱҲû룬ðʧĽ̫ξȻд󡣡ڽλɳǰ֣Щ߳ܣƱ꣬δ̫ξ֮λ˺󱲣Һվ֮ҸҪݺѵҡJ
ҡֵⲻɡسҪλӡǵˣͷδ˼롣̫ξ֮λΪ룬һƬģؽ֪
ֻ֣ǻޣȫ
֣壬ɱ˳ӣ֣ҵģ֪ٴ̫ξλô͢Ҳ֪ǵˡ
ǰ֣млѡ
ݲ˵Ҳ뵽ֻǼģͲûˣʶҪݲ˵ٹ֪ݼҪ˴׵ġ
ٟR˵֣֣һů֣ͣʧȥȨδ¶ʲôԼѾ
Ļɻʼ˵֣ο
ǽҲ壬ʵΪ֣ҿǡ
ɵ۲һ֣ҵ飬֣һֽگٻأһ仰ϽȨó󽫾֮λ
ģٟRġ
֣֮ãٟRڽǰ֣ģɵεľǰǹݣڳءڽǰ˵˵ףɵǰ˵ƣڹ佫ǰ˵ơ
һ;֣޿ޡ
ٟRλ󽫾ֻͣǵм֣Դһ֪»ȥλ͸ˡɱ֮£û˱ȶ˾˸졣˾˿˿ɿ󽫾֮λ
˵ɱ֣ģ͵ȷѵ·ģȫۻƷ졣͵Ĺ֮سǡسǣҲ˵еġս³棬Ҳˮ׼д֮ˣɱû⡣
ǵ׶˾˵һ䡮û⡯ҲܷġٟR¶΢΢ϲ⣬˼Ѱ޷ġСЩиӾһáⲢǲнղף͢һףʶϧĪ𡣡
ٟR˵ģ֣ͷһůһὫµ˼ġ
Ƕ֮ˣɿ佫̬ȣٶԱһɵۣ֣綼ˡɵÿÿ֣ҲҳɵЩ£ҳܸ͸
ٟRʣ|뻹ô
Ҳһһˣڽı˸ʹڵ۶ҲܳЩʶ
ٟRڽ˼ն񣬴ԺǸ統ֵܼ˴Ӧ
½ɵΣǴµİ֣֣ҼЩ£֣ҲԼ
Ϊ֣İţ֣ص۶Сɢ˴룬ѧǻµġ
ҲЦˡ
ߵһ֪
ԭŹôָѵãû뵽뿪̫󣬹ǵʣ̬ᡢࡣ
ҵĹʶλˡ
ΪSG
ٟRҪһɱ£ʹɫ֣뽪ȸˣ֣һٟR
ãӳٟRմɰס֣
ٟR֣еĵů⣬ٟRһ̾˵Чң˾˵Ҳﲻæ
֣һЦﻰԭͲܱġ
ٟRɫһֱûԭļɵ֣ҡ
ԡСο
ٟR͸֣Щ׻ʲô¶ֱͬ½Щ£֪Ҫοڡ
ǰҪô˵ء
˵㸸ʸҼҾ֣˵㸸ʸֳô
Ī˵˸˵һʲõ£ٟRŭ
Щ£Уǲ׵ġ
ȲĽٹ
ٟRʱȥٹ˿ֻйæµԺͩ·ȥĹһξ
ʱɢˡ
ٟR˻ʪģ̰˳Ŵɰ׵չ
£
ٟRҡͷ¡ҾǾ̫ʧˡ
ǰλʵ۱£ʵۣףӣ̫ʧˣ


343 ֮



ĵ 
ûʲô֪Ʒʧ°ɡ
繫,ǰ·ڲʵеˡ
¹۶о飬ʶն񡢳͢ǧۣЩڹĵλǻ,ǿԽ¡
Ե,һֱĻΪĸТһ˵మ,ǸģڱسҸΡһĸεĹ,̫ްź,ҪԵʵ䡣
лʺ󻤳,ɱȲ,ƫǸ첻顣
ҪշתŻ˵ֻǾźʧĻ
û˵ҹ
Щ,ڲʹʵ
Ʒá
ֶҲǷ
֣˵ڿ±عף԰չػ¡һĹԱп̬,Թ,ǾʵʵڵĹġ
Žµÿһأÿһλ
ˡ
ΪΣİ,޲ָܷÿһˡϣ˶ãϣԼΪ⽭ɽЩʲô
һλϧŽɽĹ
ʵ,ɵɵȨ֮,Ҳ,ѾȨЩģʶ,Ȩû̫
෴,һֱȨ̰ĲǱ,Ȳɵۡ
ԣɵ۵ĳѿ
Ŀ
֣Ⲣû˵ȰοĻ㹫һ֪λļįʱʹֻ
ٟRҲûп̫ãȥᣬ֣޳ͺˡ
ٟRͷʣҪ˵𣿡
С֣»֣ңӶɡ
ٟR֣⣬֣ǰЩҶȥˡ£֣ӵڽΪ١Ҳ޷֤ÿӵܶءطȥǳҶһ֤˵ġԣЩ¿һͺá
ǳҶҲ޻˵ٟRǾųҶ֣ӵȥô
ǿ϶ġڸԭͶ֣Щ֣ˣ˵¶ʷ϶ҲӵܶΪ£ʱһ٣˵ģȻóӵܶϰ䣬ʶͬʣ֮ӵܾܸչ¶ͷǡһ˵ӻֻܵҪµģòʹֲСʹҲܰһڽǶš
Ǽˡ
̫ʱӣҶء֣ԺգڸѷһաԳᣬҪһλġ
ڸ֣ҵôٟRʡ
֣ס
ɼ൱ǾˡٟR֣ҹϵƽƽȴҲϾ֣֮ҹֱԡ
˵֣࣬Ǿ壬Ҳû뵽ֱ֮ա
صİѳֳҶһΪ˿ȱصĻὫԼһȫЯȥ
ûˣ̫ʦҲֻڸǰ˵㣬عԱһָӵĶ
ôٟRɫִЯһԼѣִЯһѣⲻɵˣ·Ͳ׳𣬵Щ棬һΪĹԱϣĹԱططˣ³͢ô
ǡΪûʴ˵ǳˡ
֣֪ٟRйģʵЩ֣ˣΪβ֣һأɵ۵ǵʳâڱ
ٟR۵Ҹﵣ֣󰡣û۾û䣬һԼԼ
˵ţٟRС̾ҲѫһѫΪѪģͬ˵ǼԵǾ֮䣬ҲϾеĽ顣Ѱ˼Ҽ֮ҲѵõģѫʼҲӦһĲŶԡ
ʼ֮ǻʼңΪһµУʼҵõҵӵԷڡֻҪ֮磬ʼҾͲ˥䡣Ҳ˥ξѫΪأ
ʼҾѫһȨ󽫣ʱе֮ҲѲߵ֮ʵˡٟRҡͷתֳϣ֣ͬ˵ʼҲ뽫书ĳĲɣʼǸһǵĵطΪңѵ峼ӹߣӹԽ˵Խ࣬ʼٺ»ԽֵҳнٺԱƨ¶ûɣǲŽġ
֣Ц»Ȥ
ٟR֣Цû꣬Ҿͨ׵Ļ˵ѡ
֣⻹ЦٟR˵˵ʱأû֪ҲĽҪ
֣⿪ЦٟRˣ㻹û
Ц˲Цˡ֣ЦŰ֡
ٟRüֹۣסЦ
֣ͣҪµĻų졣ĳ죬ŵһ֮ؽ󰡣
ٟRǿĽ͡
֣ûԶԺУ֣Цţ˵һ
֣ٟR˵˵ĳ䶯ͦġ̫ʦһڸ󣬾ͽѧʿˣҪһλϳس۶ҲҪˡ
¸ҪĶȥ
ϱΰʹ֣⣬Ҽҿһ
¸ЩҲǵȾǿɵĹԱڵ۶ûӣɼΪһסЩԺҲܵЩΡٟR룬Ҽǵܶ峤ĶӣƼҼҽ̻ܷĵġ
֣кЦû¶²õġ߳һͣû¾Ͱ͸Ƿ°ŪùҹܶǸﲻɳˣȥܴɡ
˵²ܵ밲ҴʺãԸǧ갲
ٟR뵽λƨĳ¸ҲһЦ
۶˾Դ˳¸ÿھ͵ٹȥ밲߶Щ۶˼¡ͦϲΪG
ǰʹҹ¸䡣˵ⲻڵ۶ԶҲչ˲ֻƾԼˡ
˶Ȼϲ
Ǿ͵ſ̫ʦֱʰɡ
֪صĴ󽫾λɿţٟRܽ󲿷˼ڳˡ
ǰ
֣Ҳ뿴̫ʦһ
뵽ڸ֣˵һ䣬²ġ
ʦͦõѽ
֣⿴ٟRٟRգ۾֣һ˵ڶԱ°˳ˡ
ԭ̫ĸ빫ʦ֣Ϊ˾ǿɣǹ˵ϵµȨ౻ȴǹ٣С͸ѧʿֱɣװ׵̫ĸȾڸ
֣⿴ϱ£϶ϲһֱ׽ƣ˳ƹĪˡ
£ʲô¶óģûûڲ١
ܶسݼҪλ飬ռţλߵĴˡֱӰλ˸ɻϼңԼ֮λ
˵һ䣬걻ɻϼҵλˣǼسԺѧʿĴˡ
Ҫ֣˵ƾսҲܺ顣
ٟRûк˼ҲΪʦʾã˸һ·
ʦȷܹ֣ǹٵ¾Ȼʷʦġ
ʦĽѵʷʦ֮ϣ


344 ֮ʮ



ĵ 
ա
ѵ徲,ҲڳֺԼİβūֻè͹ˮοһ,һϥͷ,ʱʱ˦β͡
չﶢҿһ߿һ߷ɻ,಻òʲô£
ҵû¡ǵ,һ͵ڼҳзˡչɫ,Ҳ鿪Ц
ȥȥȥԽˡวūƤë,ĸ,пմĸȥׯסһʱգ´ͱˡҲûˡ
ȥȥɡչڸ,βӱ߶һɫɫ·һֻʶββĴչһ,۾˯Ҿڹ㹫
չ,֪˵ǹٹ˵ʲôô
൹һԼۣչδӣѧŹĿ,ʷʦ˵ģ಻˽⡣ǵõƼԹӼи,˵Щ,Ҳδ,æ¹Ȼûɡ˵,ʦ֮,,Ӧؿǵġ
δϵӼ֮ɹڹͷһ£
ôʷ̫ǵģ뿵
ʦᶼûᡣչ˵ʦܾò˵ˣҲ֪Ϊʲô
һ
չ˵ŴӻȡһţλؼңдҴ㡣
Щ⣬˫ֽˡϷ⣬չ񵶸סţֽۣչǹ鶯īʮ֣
֮ģؿɼ
աJ
չչȥһ𿴣̾ĺϲ㡣
Ӹλ꣬費ʱŵȴҲ¶Ц⣬빫ޣίʵ̫ˡ
չϵõľʦԵۿʦ֮ϡ
ףһ㣬ع⻰뿵֪
칫ȥ󳤹ϣҪ֣󽫾֣̫ξһ򱱹ص£Դ˵ǿҷɱͺܵ򱱹ء
̫ǣ󽫾֮
ǵΪִⷴɱأ
̾ҵǵĲ󽫾ı졣
㵣ʲô֣˶ڵ۶Ҳ赣ǡչ˼תȻ󽫾֣ҶõģǸ׵֮Զ׼Ѳĳ͢
Ҳ˵á
˵ɡҲ͹Ը˵ˡ
⻰ˣҲʵ
ֻܽ˵Ըˣ̫ʦ̫ˡŻŵڸļУԼ־Ҫʵ֣Ҫʵ־򣬾Ҫ־ͬϵ֡
ǣǲܼ¡
ڸһӰˡ
ԣڸһҪƽȡ
󽫾һλڵؽ򱱹أʮʮ̫ƽذа̫ƽؽơ
ⲻܺô
󽫾ϣ̫ʦôҲἱŹڸڳǰĵλ
ҪСǵشƫԶຮնս⼸һֱ򱱹ɧŲϣⲻǺͷ˵ԾԾԡ
֮ǰ򱱹صУ֣򱱼ἰ߹ؽԳڣ׶Ը
֣һλѵùؼ汸Ĵ󽫣϶ѶԸĽ죬һλ
籦зâ
ǻͨսҵ
Ҳǲ󽫾ľǵ֮͢ѡ
ѣǰֻ鱾ϡ
һ̾ϣҿ
չؼ޹һǰ׸׵񣬳Ǹܵ˴
棬ĸƽ£ôضɽҡģɶ
˵ÿѧϰ¡
⻰ŪҡƽЩ꣬Щ̫ȥжĴƽҲòЩһĳֲͬ˵
ûʲô˵ǹپͦϧ
ƽȻ֪£Ҳһ̾ǰ׸꣬һˣʵ̫ϧˡչͬΪƽʱҲǺѣչһЩ
ҿû¡
Ǿͺáҳƽ֣س£û˵ʲô
һ°ΪɱŴǹٵġ
ǹҲ޳֣سˣ
˵ڸ꣬ḻɴǹҲҪֵ׵͢Ӧ֮һ˹ĵüЩ֣أ䲻񣬿ҲŹ⻰̫ʦ뿪۶꣬ѵо飿
ƽü룬ͷЩҲ̫㸸游ǰ߶һءɱѾּ֣Ҳ̫ξôأ
װ飬Լжϣ˭˭򱱹ǷȾ֪ˡ
ƽüͷһɣ
涣ĸɱ˵۳£²⴫Ȼﲻˡ
ұƽѹ⻰ͷýֻ˽˵ЩˣϾ̫ʱǾͶ㹫¿ŹЩҪʲôѣؼʱֻܸ˵²ӦУһЩСۼҲ
ɣǴһعĸ֪
ƽЦֻ˵С
ܲã
ܸ˼ı̬
ڼҵľ£ҵҪ޼ΣĶࡣ󽫾ν죬Ȼ̫ء
֣ص۶ְǹٹ󽫾Ҳʱתְ׼
һ㣬ҵ̬ȵˡ
֪Ѿ񣬳Ҳͷˡ
ǳû׳󽫾˽¸ĸ˵øףĵĻҪʰһġûøıʾ׵λõġ¼޷Զĸ׻ǵиϡڵߣ֪²Ÿɣ֡һظ磬ظ׵ġ
Լģĸױ롣
ǻ¡
ű²ʶ֮ˣˣ빫ཻ
ֻʷؼǴģɶʷָ̫㣬ʷ̫һӣһ޳ɹʷ̫ܹ˵߶߶ëò¾Ͱҹ߶߶
ǡ
ֺһգŮ밲ٟRûعĸ߶գĸ衢㣬ǶġϧûţԺټɡм¸
ʲô£ٟRʡ
㻷˵ɺãƹŮǰǳġ
ٟRֲ˵Ȳ˵ҰءҴ꣬Ƕôô
ˡ಻ϣˡ
಻ϣǰûϰ֣۳ҪײŲ಻ϣǶǰôϵģٟR¡
û࣬˰֡Դⲡʹģ˶ҩãже˵һ࣬һ㣬ɲͳôҲûӵ£ֻܽˡ
˵̾˿
ǽøϽ˵˰ɡ
˵ײҾʸΣ
ûλðҾĸλӣĶ
չﻹعô֣಻ǰչô
ĸ˵ﻰǴǹ٣ֲպúõģﲻһýģ
ǹҲ׸˰ǿϲѡġ
ҿû˵ԵʡٟRĶȥȰճõĹŮеǣѡΪղãáĸôô۰
ҲˣٟRԼƫȥˡ
ҲЩ²ܹάûסͬĸֱԹһԲϾͳˣ治֪˭ߵë
ЦŸ²裬ĪգСģչһĺáէһᣬɲôū׮Σ
ʲôӣ˵ɡ
ֻǵ͸һص⣬Ѳڳڣ֪ܵģԼͻؼˡչﰡҲ̫ʵЩ˵һ㣬ͻˡ
ָ΢΢ЩĶ¶Ĳźۼǡ
ͷİɡ
ֲǶıĴ˰Ʊ


345 ֮ʮһ



ĵ 
ٟRʱŵĸȥ,Ǹʽǲȥġ
ɵۼŮͦˣ󳤹,ٟR˵,ͦõġ緹ǻһ˻ƣ游ĸʦ,ĸһϻӡ
ɵЦǽ˭Ӯˣ
Ȼǰ,ƼáҲӮһ,,͸̵ˡ
ɵЦе,ʣôҲڣ
ȥ,ж˾ˣ¸˵
׷ʣʲô£
Ҳ˵˾˻س̫ξôҾ,˵һֱƱɱ,Ҳƽص£Ҳ϶ϵľ񣬸طˡȻֻ֪ɱ,ܾ̫ξ̫ξ֪ȫ֮ġٟRˬ˵,Ҿ̫ξ,Ȱǹ,θ֪ɱĹְҲˡ
ɵԾ,,Rһֱ֣Һܺô
˻һ,ֱ˵ˣǲ֪ܸ̫ξô֣һҪãǳʲô⡣
ѵǺġŲλְŻǳġҲŸ˾ȥ˵ģ̫ξٶЩˡ
ɵ۵ʲôǳ͢£ô˽¸˵ȥ߹ٶ͵λأ
Ǻģѵ˵ʵ˾˱Ҳֻɱ񣬸̫ξѽ
߶꣬ڳйȻسι٣ȻҪǨ
߱ǽְ𣬸ʼ֮һʵĹλǡʹͽأôŪôߵĹأϹʱҲûι̫ξѽ
ˡ˵㡣Ϲˣⶼʲô¡ּǹ٣ĲǡɵЦһ䡣
Ϊ˾˺ãǸʹ̫
ֳ޵Ĳˡ

ɵпǰRǳ
֪Ů󳤹ԭȰ֣ǹȥˣϲ⣬ϲЦտ˵ɲôĽ˳
ٟRغһɵЦٟRҲٰ¶Щ΢Ц⡣
ڶգ֣Ȼǹ٣ɵδʡ
Ȼ֣ӣ˵²ʣίʵϳɵֻôӦΪ֪£ʹͽء
Ҳ±ԹٟRһأ˽˵Rֱ̫ڿˡ
RһֱҲûʲôʲʹͽô
֪µײ̫ξ档
棬ӱŽظʵϡ֣Ҳȱʵ֣Ժգϵӵȥߵļ岢ࡣ
ȻҲΪ֣ȨƹʢԵɡ
ֻǣһԱһ󽫣ҪһȨѽ
ӱʣôˣ
ûʲô¡ȷ˰లЩѲӾǡ
ʲôԵʣ
벻ľͶǺӡ
ӱˣ̿
չＸعԼ˵˹֪ٟRƽı̬Щ⣬밢һֱãƽ͸ĸ룬ٟR˽
ȥĸǰͽᣬٟRЩģû뵽ƽʾá
չظ׸ĸлţٟR򿪣Ҳʮ֣ص
Ϊ֮ų塣
е£֮ա
ų壬ǳӵı֡
Ϊе£ôұҰ
ٟR΢̣ȱദ࣬ȴһϧ֮С
㸸ʵڹˡٟRһ޵дã֮ǳûĹ
⵹ǡҵҲֵϰߡ
չ˳׶򱱹صĵϸϸ˹ٟRΪ򱱻ˡ
࿴ñǶԶٟRп
Ķ󽫾ܲصס˼ȴֹɱڳãڸǰ
չ游ЩأҵҲһ˵ľͶԡҲɱȻҲͬ󽫾ı죬󽫾Ծ۹ҲǼڵġ
ңڲǱߣɱһַ̽ؽı졣ſɣɱս±࣬Ǿǲ󽫾ǳ
ٟRȰԼ˵ˣҲûãҲˡ
أ
ֲĸ˳Ÿʵ˼ȻȰġʵ⣬ʿ֪
ٟR룬ʦ̸̸ġ
ûȵʦϿΣͳ˼ٟR¼
¶ֱͻٟRίʵţ侹д˴
չ˵ġ
һҷѧչԵٟRƫٟͬR˵ģԭҲǼС£ûʲôӰ졣ţߵ£δС˺˹
ٟRʲô¡
չʵ˵ˣ㣬һõһѩ⡣ĺ⣬͸аС͹Ҵֹ˵ѾչôλôڹҲؼȥÿͶҪǶһˣҲûǮѵĽ˵Ļ
ٟRȾŭվ£
ǧȷʱҷﰢȸ඼ڣǶˣ²޾ҪȥѵС䣬˵ˣҲʲô£ҶЪţֳһֵһҲ˶롣ͽѹȥŰٸ˵չƽ͵ٟR£ҲΪûʶСա
⻹˵ãȻֻ˶ֱ˵ҲµǺԵʣĸǰ˵컷İ
һ뵽ĸ⣬ٟRͺˡ
ǵҲüˣĴƣȥʸڷϣһݣҧһڡչٟR⣬²Ľ½ܹϹϹǡ
ٟRˣҲã˽Ϲ¸Ϲ
չﳤУֻܷģĻػٽ
Ϲչ񣬡о£ΪʵڶԲסչ
ﻰһ鷸֮ˣͷʹ˺ԩҲˡһлϹڣǲпи֮ˡ
ϹٟRֻ֤ܽСˣ²زģС˱رá
Ϲ֣ڶվ֤ȷ佫С˾С˵ϣδʹҧԼϣ˵ǹ٣չեЩʹͣ˵Щ
һٰӺȥ͵ȿۡ
Сֺģ֣ʺȻɵֽۣأܵ˹İ
ǳŮ嶼볯йġο㰢RⲻԼҺһôǶġǹپ裬̫Ӧˡ
ңǽӶΪRһģƽʱʹͶаRǵġЩ´Ҷ֪Ҳ֪ģǲǣĿɵۡ
ɵ̫̾ЩС˹ߵĲԺù͹ȻЩС˰ˡ
ǡϹ˸ﲢò¹˲
֣ʺҲ෣㡣ͷٺɡ
ֻǳĿɵһۣɵ۲ͬڴȵ˼͹ԹӦˡ
عչﵽǰͣ˵չ⺢ҲǣίֻܸңұܽС㡣
ٟR󷽷ĸĸףո˵ˣߵϹϹ¡
Ŀ࣬ƹ񣬻ΪǷǹҪĴʶ˶ײС˵¡ȴδ뵽ٟRϹġ
ûըһӴϹ
˵¶ϹܣȻҪϹˣٟR֣ͺñȹ˷Ҫ֪۶ʲôԵġ
ǵ۶𣿡ֱҪˡ
ٟR۾ĸףһҪ˭Ѱռߣ³˵ٟ꣬RıԹֱӴˡ
ٟRף븸̸˰յ¡
ûҲпͣմǹٹ˼ҰգҪȥôǻʼңٟRԴ˷ǳڹﳤĺӱͲ࣬ȲңǻʼҵֲǼٵģ
ȱСˣǹ٣˵ģﲻۼҶǹ£
һȥЦˣ
ҵ棬ʵ棬ôʼң
ĸҴ£Ĵ㣡ֱӰĸаջؼҵ¸˸ס
¶Ҫָʹģ˭ڹܸʰæˣа빬˿˵ǹٵǣۡ
Ǹʵʹ񲻰׷ô
ɵ۵治֪ⳡ¼ıٟRһ˵֤ݣɵҲȷ±ָʹ
Ǳġ
ɵŶǣҡ
˭˵ǡ
֣ңɵ۶ļɵûôࡣ׸Щ꣬ǰһֱδģɵ۶ӡʵһֱ
ȻԶ̫ʦˡ
µйְѾǹ٣ˣ͢Ҫʩġ
һٟR˵ĺܶԣչٟRߵİ⺢Ҳɵۿų󡣱˵һӣһ軨ʱ䳤ˣҲи顣S
ĻУɵ۲òȣٟRɡʱҲԼҺһǹ٣ΪССշҲǻʼҶ͵Ķ䡣
ٟRһϲ㣬ٺòˡʼӶգǼӶô඼ݣ˭óϷء
ٟRһôŮӣиλҲ¡
ɵһ֣֪ˡ
ǣվô˸֮
ǹŮʵǹŮСľλŮľλŮȴʼʶĵ档
չô˾˽ºǳݣл⻵Ҳûһء


346 ֮ʮ



ĵ 
չ׵һλ,˽ɵһͨѵ⣬Ҳʵࡣ
ڸ֣鷳,һʹ,ľּ֣,ֲãҲûôš
ٟR,⽫ִ,ʺѵ⡣
Ĳ,Ϸ˱Թ,ĸŮأƫ⡣
ϷҲٟRŹ֣˵,ֻȰŮ¶ҲЩһλӹĸ,ֶŮסЩҲûʲô»ʺ˵һ,αҪȥߵأ
Ҳðи˳λôԭ͸ǰRİҪǼ£ˡ̾,Ҳˣ˵ɡ
ⲻֻҪﰲ,Ͱȡ
Ϸ˽Ůס,ùŮڹԵĹ,ɱٶٟRˡ̨,ռҿûռë,׽ô
ĸСĽ,ΪĸռҷʲôٹķˣбڣҲûֽţ̹ˡ
׻˵úҲ˰Ǳ£ҲҳϷŹŮ֣ѹֻλôиأ
ϷĸŮ˵ѻٟRҲںµʦϿΣܸʦ̸һ̸ˡ
ǰæǵ£ʦʷʦһڿΣһϣֱϰ졣
ٟRֹʦģ˸ʦ˲β裬Ͻһɣʦ㶼ˡ
Ǵȣѡţְڣصķ˲ڣлٟRĲ衣
ٟRʦЩһˣǰɲһ˵Ϳڳơģʣ¾æ˰ɣٟRʡ
еġԼ򵥣޷Ǿ׼Щαīʹáȹ裬ͿʼϿΰɡ
ǰϿҲԼ٣˾ǽΡ
ٟRͷ飬а
ٟR飬ÿʱҪЪһӵģмϢᵽ£ʦƹȥˡ
ڶ ΣٟRչＸʹɫչ˵Ժӻ쿪ˣȥ
˴Ź˳ȥٟR鵥˵
Ҳȥӻ
ʵŰɣл㡣
ʦĽٟR鰸ףٟRһ̧ž͵ǰˣҲ˵սˣʦ
ʦ˿ԼӦñӣٟRСˣ˵ʦӢ˲üĿݣҲܶųƸûġ
ٟRЦٶЦ㶼һˣ˵Ÿʲӣͱȸʻġ
鵱ţλʱˣڸĸ󳼣⻹еһ˵ϣʱĲᡣ
ٟRüۺЦഺεģ
ðɣȵȷеϵġ
еģ޾ɣ˵ɣʲô£
û¾Ͳ˵˵
˴򷢳ȥһ¡Ҫûȥӻˡ
¡ٟR˵ЦָƽɫʣʦΪβٸ˵еˣ
°ܣԭͲø˵ġҲƽ
ǰ˵ġ
ǰǰڡ̹ʵĽ͸ٟRǰ̫Ĭҿû˼ȻͲͬ˵ˡ
˶ۡԴٟRϣʦ˵ĻٟRЩѹ
ůɢٟR꣬ŲʦˣǿɲѰϵѵĸˣʦͶҲˣ
¡鵥ٟRҶ˶ܺãѵ˵
ϣʦ˵Ҫе¸ҡԼ£ٟRû˿Ρ
۾΢΢ԵϸЩıһ˿޵Ц⣬ЦЩ޵Ĺʲôأ
ʦ
λôͣȻֻйһӣ׼ǽӿûʸ񡣡
ȻӲУٟRûʣǹأ
󳤹һǹģǲǾҪʺˣ鵱ʲôˣ
УٟRЩ޼ƿʩʦһֱ񣬲ȫܾӣ͸Щڴ
ٟRе˵ɼǹǵӵģһɣʦ㻹һģһѵҵĽ飿
ǹûеġ
ǹǵӵҪİľܾô
鲻죬Ȼʵô
ǡ
Ҿܾ
ΪʲôٟRɴ۾
ȻȻ󣬴𲻴ӦҡҵȻԾܾˡ
ٟRһʱأ
ҡͷپӴһƷƷ飬󳼣ӦÿԾܾʵɡ
ֱܾˣ
ٟRܾһˡ
ٟRδ٣˼εġϴεġ󡱣ܾҪίһЩ
ٟRϬһ۾ɫЧҡЧأ
Щɢɫ֣Ŀƽ޲ԨݵӺȻųһĨЦ⡣Ű΢΢ͷٟRһλԼĺӣҲһλسԼľڵǵµľҪЧңԴӦԸЧ͡
İٟ֮R鲻ԽķۿȣһɲǼ䣬ȫΪʦЩδ
ʦһֱڵȴվϰɡ
ӴԺ󣬳ܵõ鱨
ӴԺҪԼľˡ
ζӡ
סٟRЩļͷ¿ҪϧЧҰĸδùĶ
õʦ׿˵ЧңٟRûпġеɬ֮ⷴǸʢı֤ĵ׸еʹ
ĸźһУٹĸĽصЩûˡ
Ҫʲôأ
ٟRۿ΢΢ʪʦȴЦˣҲҪܶ˶ЧңҲҪʦЧҡֻʦҲֻǳӡ
۶ʥԪĴУ뿵ٟR˵ҵˡ


347 ֮ʮ



ĵ 
뿵,˵ĳ֮İɡ
ԣ£ֻ˿ɡ
ʦ,ʲôҪҵ𣿡
Ȼȷ˴,ٟRҲû
úÿ,úѧȻΪȷľͿˡ鿴ٟR˫峺۾,֮,ϣԶһݳ֮,Ȼ,̫Ȥˡ
ٟRû̫ඣ̣Ҫ̵,ͽ̹ˡ
ʦǼ򵥵Ϊѧ鱾⣬Ҫǽ̸ѧ
ٟRһֱѧĺܺá
ȽҪģǿ,,ֳڿʹԼϡиΪϡģʼ˵塭
,鲻ΪٟRʲôϡ
Ļֻǻʵ۱µһòĸף֮вֺϵѺ,Ҳʶ볯ҪԼ
Ҳֻ볯һɡ
Ҫ,Ҫ֣,㻹ཻõѡ,㿪ʼʶ£Щ,Ȼ,̫ǵȨ֮󣬻кܴһ㿿£
ǲܾġ
Ϊ̫ƿˡ
ЩڻеĴ㽫ӵǿ㸸׵ĻȨ࿹
ʱʲôľأ
ҪյĲһѷذףҲһıҶڴڴ֮ϡ
뿵õӭǹĽĻٟRڹҲ񵥡ʵĸȥģ֪ǹҴ¡
չＸҲһ𿴣ٟRһۣ˵ʷ¹ͷ
չʷﻻ˸λӣʷϲϲ
ʷȻףȥǣȻǵ۶ĹԪ񹱰ٵõһʵѧԶҲ
ʷЦǳ¹ӡ
չ¶ıʷ磬¹ǽϽԪǰ۶УΪ
չһЦǿĶ
ȸȻǵԺ̽ɡλƹȥ밲ճŮףǰιӼƣƽοΣڵ۶ǳٟR˽½ȸұһ
Ҫ̽һͷţٟR˵
Цϻص˵С˵ҲС
ٟR֮ﶡӵ壬Ҳĺܺãͱ˶С϶ǰСĹˡ
ΪȻ
ٟR˵裬ȡһķı͸СɩӦ֪ϲѶҲҺһ
ǣūȥ˾ȥˡ
Ҳڰֻ㿿ǰвλá
س֪ôġ̫ʵӵܵһڿƾдն񡣡ǳӡ
˵ʱǰš
֣ʺżСŹ񵥣¶΢΢Ц⡣
˾ȥͶһʱûܻѹԤڰµĽӱڸ˵ͻȻͷˡ
ڴӹʲôǱõģѹԤڣÿ춼ŻŶסˣȫ
˷ɱ֣ʺ֣ʺ̹ȥ
ٟRҲವĸڵĸߣ֣ʺȥⲻŮȥĵطڹţӱ·㣬Ȼġ
ȥҲܰæ
֣ʺݸٟR¶ɰﲻæһԸȥ̫ҽԺԺλԺйȥȥֺ֪һԼֱȥ˻ʳӹ
ٟRҲûʿˣűȻӹ˻ţ޴һ˵Ҳ֪ɩСֶӻСֶŮ
һ˵Ҳ֪û
˵±𼱣СûôġҼɩСֶӣ˰죬˶˵ġ
ţ²õģƽʱͺã϶˳һλС
ҶȰٟR𼱡
ٟRȻ뵽ø߻һ̹ȥ߻ֻɩҪС¡
ٟRԼת˼ȦһҲ׵ˣﲻæˣҲ
ٟRʹչＸڷǹõţʱҲһֱǹŽӱ֮¡ڽӱ治㲻˳ˣδʱֲһӣϲ˵С޵ĿˣǴɤŶ¶˵䡣С࣬üۣͥظԲһģӿ̳ġ˵ľͺۼһ㡣
ٟR˸ˣ˱ϲСӣʣǹȥ󳤹ϲ
ʺȥˡ
У֪ˡȥɡ
ٟRʱȥƸһģӿ̳Сֶӳɶչ˵ʺȥ١£ʺһȥգƣĺܣ±ϲʳ
ǡٟRûȥ빬˵С嵭ʿڵķˣҪģߵĸعٳʴóԡ
ȥ
֣ʺĻҪЩüԶ׼ƣɫ˶ˮٟRݸĸĸЪЪɣǲǺˣ
á֣ʺڲˮͦ˳ģӱҲҲãİɡ
ϲ˵ˡٟR˵ĸϴһ£Щʳô
֣ʺͷٟRõʲô
ϴֻ˳ʳҲںˣ֣ʺһϻСˣʳ̣߱ζջҪ嵭ЩЩˡ
˵Ĺ˵Ըعɫʿڡ
ٟR˵ҪԵ۵Ĳ˲źá
֣ʺٟRԼһЩùʳ֣ʺȥϢˡٟRŴŰռȥӹӱС
ʱӱѾ˯ˣǼ֮¡
ɵҲֺһɵģٟR˵ҡ
ٟRȥСҲ˯
ССһУĸ۵ţڰˡٟRϸһ˯С˳ȥʵ˵ΥĻʣҰɣ
ٟR˵ͷͦڵġ
رڡҶ˵ͷŨܵĿɲЩԺͬý
ٟRʹСֶ˸ŵ㣬üҲͦڡ
ǰɡҶ˵üëǺܺġԼӣƨп̥ǣô󡣡Ȼÿ˵Щͻȥġ
ôһۣٟRţǳСӵСеɰ֮ˡ
ôô찡ҿССܺ졣
㲻֪죬Ժųİס˵RСʱҲ˵ģͱĿɰˡ
ٟR󾪣СʱҲ
ʲôҲСӶġϸ䣬СʱҪСһЩǵȥ㣬оȲϻͷҪС
ʲôԱȡٟRЩʣСֶȡû
ȻҪȡ࣬ȡ˸С̩ϣ⺢ƽ̩
ֺã֮Ϊ̩̫ƽ֮⡣Ժ⺢Ӷܴһ̫ƽ
Цùõļˡ
һġٟRҲֳȡĺãշǰ̩ͽˣûбõͷˡ
࿪ĵЦ
µճⲻǻʼҵϲ£Ҳµϲ¡
ֻ֣̫ȥδһ꣬вô硣
ʶϴֻᣬ޸֡
ˣٳ£ҲǾϲá
ɵ۸ʹֱӰջӵĹģڻ֣ɵ۾̩־ͺܺãؼ飬ֱ˾뺡
£ԽһһڣƲǳڵ꼫࣬ƥмԪԪĴȡ
ΪʥԪ꣬Ǳ㽫񵥳ΪʥԪ
Ű£
빱ʿͬжû䡣
״ԪȻ
ۣܡ
̽Ƴ
ǹʿŵĶһӵ͡
峤֮Էλе塣
Ƽһһλӵϰ峤ĳ죬λеߡ
ƳӵܣҲ˹ʱ˫
ҳԺδΪڶʮ
⼸˶ٟRģƳ⣬һһķıƳٟR˸һͷţ
ƳʵǳܱܲţˣЩͬƶţ̽
ȥȢϱȻƾȱ˴µţⱲȢ׶ˡ
޵ǹ٣˵Ĳ֮ס


348 ֮ʮ



ĵİ 
κԺѧʿһĴǿ,ǼֱЦ˻
أֱֻ뺲֣ʣµ¿ƽʿҪμһֿ,ǰʮּѧϰ,Ϊʿ
ῡڶ࣬ѧʿ,ȡǰʮ뺲֣ȻʣµĽʿٿ,ʮλΪʿ
Ҫ˵¿ƺָʿʲôأ
ֱ͢,ͨ˵ڸλϴӡ
ʿҪѧϰ,ٿ,ԽúóΪ֣Ҳ͢Ļᡣ
͢ĺ,ҲɵĻᣬǶᱻΪѧһĹְЩְ𲻶,Ʒ
ְ˾֮,һѲܶƽƽ
ԣԾš
Ȼͷ˿
ʷ̫͸ٟRԹ,ܵøѧϰʱ䣬ЩŹλ,ȫ޹ٳǰ緶,һָ֪ĵڸŪˡ
ٟRһӲ,ֻʷʦ,˵˭ѽ
˭뿵ʷ̫Լ뿵Űֲϡ
ʷʦΪ˭ͷأٟRʡ
Ϊ˭ͷ˵ʷ̫Ƶĳڲ,ⲻºֵ͢ô
¶֪,˵ǰʮ˺֡ǵ͢۸ˣ뵽ʷʦʷδ״ԪҲκ֣ٟRʣǲ۸״Ԫˣⲻܰɡ״Ԫʷʦ
±ô˵ϳɲѭ˽֮ˣϳҲӦǸôžôšʷ̫Ĳ֮꣬ǶᣬӲʮ꣬곤ģˡ
ʷ̫ɪ¶ֳ࣬ϸϸ˵ºֵ͢ǸæûӴ񣬴ȻˣЩѽǼǡ
ͦõģǳ˵ܽӴٟRƶͦá
ǺùأͼܲסҰڼӣֱʹûӡʷ̫ʵܲ棬ѧӣûôţ״Ԫˮ׼״ԪҲһһ
ҪȻǡҪҲʲôʱҪʷ̫ŭ˵ٶ񶾵ĵҲûôʹģ
ٟRĿɿڴȻʷʦá񶾵͡ʦ״Ԫ̲סЦ
չＸ״ԪδʷЦãҶ¶̿ģ
ʲôֵģʷֱ̫ˣֹ˵뿵СӹǶҲƽղҶҷȫͷȥˡҴǺӰ
ٟRЦ϶ǡʦƽʱѽСƢЦʵ֪ʷʦƷׯλ˾صĹٳǰ
ʷ̫ԺЩҲ뿵Ʒе⣬ȴҲλٳɽ
ٟRʣֻ״Ԫô
״Ԫܵļ࣬ºҲ̲źá°۳ʹüŸݲĲʹ̽ԭǸˣÿ峿ĥīĻˡС˸ࡣԺʵˣʹԷĹûˡ
֪ڸ棬ֱˣ
ʷֱ̫ؿڡ
ٟRЦչＸ˵ʦ¡
չǰ˵ºڸҪһʱ䡣
ʷ̫ǳֻҲû뿵ˣڸĹǲܴȥģºֻÿסڸ嶼ʡˡ
ٟRҲЩͬº֣Щ֣ҿ״ԪǶǲǿʶһһĿšһʼڹ죬¿϶ѰҪ졣ѹ񲿻๫Ҫôǰĺֶ۵סڸɡûôæɣ
ʷ̫ŵ¡
ٟRʣʷʦǵ¶಻ࣿ
ʷ̫һİ˽ֻ͢ûõģʵÿһС¡ʲôɣºĶжĻء
ٟRô˵ĲʹҲһ㲻ʦ١
ʷ̫üëһ
ٟRƬ̣תͷʷʷʦûԼҲŪһºͷϣ;Լġ
ʷ
ʷ̫ǿҴӲº˵ĻҲʹ޹ص¡
ٟR˵ҿͷ£ĶôõʷʦϹأۺ󱲵ĳȻҲʦֱ޲͵ġڸ˹ǧƪһɲû˼ģڸԱ͵ˣи顣һ꣬Ǵ⣬ԺҲ˷Ĳǣ
ٟR⻰˵ûʷ̫Լļ֣Ժ󱲣ҪЯġ
ЯˡʦԽźһϿᣬԽĵºͷĳ߷緶ôԺ˵ڸʷ̫á
⻰ʷ̫Цˣʷ̫Ц̾һҲءֻҪΪĺù٣ҲͲǵĽ̵ġϵҲΪȻЩ
ٟRһ䣬ȥڿʱҼԺ֡ĸ׵ҲǺ֣ʷʦʶ
ʶұʱյص۶ɣר˾ԱˡԺֵǵ۶ˣϲɫܰ۶й䣬֪ĻΪǳ͢߹١˵ͬƣĿ˻ģϵȡë᲻֪ΪЧȻǹٻˣʷ̫Ϊ
ٟRʣλСԺΣ
丸ֱˡʷ̫СԺֵԱ˵ܵף£񣬶Ҳѵ˷ػԶ־ʱգǳж
ٟRЦеţʷʦʦܳΪѵԭɡ
Ҳ˰
ºֵˮȣٟRϾʱ˿峤ŮԻۡ
֣˴Ի۽밲ġ
ٟRЩ֣ôʶģѵ֣ܵģ
֣һ֧ˣ֣ΪףԻ֮ԫֿѡٟRȥ굽ʱʶġ
֣Цֵ²֪Ҳǽ񴺲֪ģ峤ܸӶ£ڰ֣ҵϱˡ˵Ҷܶ磬Ȼǰ۵Ʒò۶˲ż
֣ʺҲ˵Թò˫ȫڹҲ֮ɫ֮ʱʤ֡Ҳѹ峤ҪŮ۶ǰ¶
ԻФ丸֮ɫֻǴ󷽷ǫѷһ䣬ĸ̫ˡ
ٟRʣ֣ſһˣ
Ի۵ͷ֣һģ¾סڹҲסĲԶ
֣˵ԭ밢һҸϾǣϲֵģĶҸġ
ٟRЦҲʦ
ǡ˵鶼Ҫ˱ġ֣˰˵ЦԻۼ׽ٟRԻڿʶʱĵ۶ϰߵ۶
Ի۵ͦõġǾſǸɵط֣˹Ӽ飬Ҹÿڸѧŵ׼￪ӣԺճҲЩ
Ǹ⡣Ѱˣ
һȸֵӡ
ǲֻʦʲôġҪھ֮¾̾裬Ҳʲô
֣ЦͦϲԻۣĶ󷽣ڵ۶ҲδۣǰͰĹԼӡ
Ǹȵסĺù
СԼĻ˵ٟRܿͰԻ۴ԼǰסӣչＸˣһ˵
ǹڣ֣ʺȴһ׮ɩ顣
̫ǰ֮еҪʹ˵ģʣµЩһ밢Rһ롣
Ҳ˵
֮ǰRţѡӱҲӡµĶҲҪҾûᡣ֣ʺｵRҲˡ¸˵һ˵ˡ
֣˵ͷȫ
֣ʺĬƬ̣˵зѣҵĵǣһ䲻RС
֣˵̫ǰָġ
ϵҺ˽⡣֣ʺ˵һ仰ǲһСĿ
ȻСĿ
֣̫ȵýȢķޣǹճСʼױͷǳȻʺ̫һֱȨա
ڸأ߹֣ʺҲҪ˵һ䡰ǲһСĿ
ֹһСĿ
һʱ䣬֣ҲΪˡ
ǵġ
̫Сˣδ
˼һδޣȱ˵һ䡰Сƣؾͺܿ˴ܡ
֣ʺһΪٟR룬Ҳϣʵȫ֮ߣɩ顣
֣Ҳûʲô⣬һؼһʹ
֣ʺ΢΢ס
ʱɩĶͬһ£һҪһŬΪסӦõĶ


349 ֮ʮ



ĵľ 
֣˻ؼ¡
ӳ֣΢ü,ѾڲףʺһƬ⣬ȴֱ˵
Ҷûʵ۱ǸʲôƷ
̫ǰ˽һûɵ,ƽָ빫ƾµĹϵ,ԼΨһӵݣѾ,õ̫ѡ
һ
һҶ̾
ң˽Ķ,䳣ֳԹĳ谮,̫֮Զˡ̫ȥ,ƹġ
¹Լ,Żڴ󳤹֣硢֣档
ɸŮ꣬׸״ûбֳ,ȴҲһԸ˵㸸ʿܻĸ⡣
֣Ϊˣûᰡ
ʺҲΪ˷֣˵
֣ϱ,⵹ѵõùĿĺûᡣһϻ,ܲھǮûðɣο̫ġ
֣Щò׼ܻ治ôǮ֮¡
֣˿ɷС,жӣҪʲô,˵һСǸʺѧ,ڹ˴,ҲûǮĵط
֣ɫ,ĸ˵ǮǶԵ,,еǮĵطÿ궼͹ѧǧӣɼûǰҾƶѧҿ󷽣ܻǮ
֣еˣҪ˽ȸ˵һ˵¶䲻ºֺҲù֪Ƕô޴һǮơãȻԼյġ
ҲáжǶԵģòǮġ֣²湫ƹܣ뻹ϡŰɡ
֣ĵľ֣˵Ǽˣñ´ΪܡҪܲ˼̹˽
ܡ֣УǣһЦΪȱ»Ҫ޴ţһ̲סʲġ
ֻҪ֣֣з÷
⻹ΣҪǣԽλĸĸʲôĻɫ
Ҫٴл룬ҪǸ侲Ұ
֣ңɵɳ͢ĹԱû
ֱ̫Ŀˣ
ѵ̫һȥͿ޼ɵĴѹЩΪɽѪļôа֮顢֮嶼飡
Ȼɵ۰治֣ǾԲģ
֣ùֻܱĵȥ䵽ҲһٸǹĶ֡ǹｵ谮»һƷס
һġ
֣˶֪¡
֣̫һȥ±ȻƷס
ֻһʺĴͻЩˡ
Ķ˹˽
ѹͷʯȻᣬߵĿԡ
֣Ҽ˶ͷ΢ɣ֣سҶ£֣ҶԶ֣ͣʺ֮λܶ
Ϊһλʧ֣ʺõĽҲֻƹŷˡ
ǲ䵽Ľ֡
ֳ֣Ȼ˵ҪȾָʹ֮λ
֣׶壬ֻܷģһ
ϻܷУõ̫˽Ƕˡλݣû˵Ųһ꣬ͼŸСλݵģ
ʵ۱ļҲù̫˵
ڶ֣ϵǹ밲Ľ֣ʺ֣ʺףҲá
ֻܷģһмϿλݵҲ֣ʺ˵ˣ֣ʺΪ⣬׼
֣˿֣ʺ󣬡ۼҲ׼
֣ʺɩӵ˼򴽡
ڻʳʢ֮󣬽ӱʽӣҲܳ͸͸ˡ΢ԷɫãŶ謵ǹ˵
ദĲԭʶ˵ԽӱУ·ݴʱͽӹһЩ½˶謰æϸȫ͵ᣬ¶ԽӱΪȣӱȻҲҪġ
ǰ밲ɴȥ֣ʺӱ˵м£ҵȸ͸Ŷ
ĸֻ˵ӱ֪Ǻ¡G
̫¡֣ʺ˵׮̫ǰźˣĶ¸һһ롣
ӱǫǣĸǹʲôУҲлĸ͡RСЩRɡ
⻰ǿ׻֣ʺҲοЦRԼǷݶĪƴǣĸŮ˼ǰ½Ұ죬ҲӦ˵ġ
֣ʺϸϸ뽪ӱ˼ްţæһʱ͹˲ϡЩ죬ϹŮǶŲˣȷǣĲ˼ǣңҲǰఢRˡ밢˵һҹһϯ磬Ƕһ˵˵
ӱӦˡ
Ҳ֪֮ǰ֣̫ɥǣӱҪ̥֣ʺ˵ģҲ˲
ǻʺἰӱ˻عɷˡ
֮ϣRǵãRɡ
ҵʱ˵ˡĸ˵ĸǰнǣҵľǵ¸R
뵽ĸ಻һ̾
ĸջǹԼء
Щĸ˵ǹȥԷ
ɡ
¼ǰ֪࣬ûв֪ٟRĵ
ٟR뵽ĸЩġܿʣĸĸ˺ܶණô
֣ʺܸٟRʣֵģࡣׯ԰̡ʯ鱦ŶֻϰڼҪ֪ÿϸˡ
ٟRͷΪ뵽ĸһʱҲûἮġٟR˵Ժٿɡ
뵽Ϊĸ֣ٟR˵Ҳůˡ˾˸Щϵ棬ĸһӵİ飬Ҳĸָĸ塣
֣ʺǿ⣬Ҿ˾ȥ˳һסӻãɸ̫ҽһ
ĬĬ֣̫һٟRڷǹõš
ڶ֣ʺ磬ԭֻɵۡཪӱޣٟR
Ҳɵһˡ
һ칬ױĵüĿ续ЦأҲԵʺĪ֡
˾ɡ֣ʺδϲҲδ񣬾ƽն̬ȣټӰӡ
صˣǷʢ
ɵ֣ʺףɵףཪӱ֣ʺסǣٟRĸϡ
ٟͣRˣٟRԡ
˵СĻ⣬ܻ֡ıʾССҲ˵ȴµӡһǱֱޣһͺáٽֿ֣һֺˡ
ٟRҲܵ⣬ǰȥһ̩Цˡһ̩ˮˡ
㲻̩ˮ͵Сƨǲǣ
Ϊְཱུģǿָ򲼣ƨɷཱུģҾһ¡޻һ֣ͣûôر͡
ЦãðɣҲ͵ӷʷʵģȷܺ
˵ЦĽһ͡
ź֣ʺἰ̫˽ָ֮¡
һãٟRǴ󷽷ģ֣ǻĸģǾһһ롣ҲƴǣԺ󴫸̩СֶŮҲĸĶԺҲᴫԼ
⻰ԶĶˡ
֣ʺҲĸ˼Īˡ
ѵ֣ͬʺĻӵǰǰ̫ʺġ
֣ʺɵ۵Ϲʱ¸÷ֿˡƽ֣Ķٲ룬ۼҺҲַֽﲦƽϵģһΪ¿Σ
ɵҲëʺȫ
֣ʺöˣ㣬һһ롣ǶˣǾԼԼġĸ㹬ȥRҲɰR˵㡣
æ˵׵ˣԼҲͰˡRСĶԼܹЩ¡񰢟Rҹסţ͵Ǳ߶š
ٟR⻰һܶˣҲԼ˽⣬ܵĺúõġ
ô˵ɲ˽ô㶫㿴ţҲ׵
ҿһĸҿġٟRǲôĸ׵ģĸ߾Сˣܲס
֣ʺЩȣû뵽ٟRԼΡ
ؼǣٟR⻰һ˵ΪԼ֣ʺ֣ʺ֣ʺǰҲ˼˵ԼٟRȻ֣ʺλĸɿ
ԼķӣĿɵۣ¸R˵˵ǲǺ⡣
ɵЦԹŮĸܰɡʺƽйҪ͹æˡĸģݷŵĸʲôȡõҲ㲻ǡ
ٟRֱͲ⣬Ҳ˵ˡٟRҪѳ˵ǰͷģǵڽĸףҪ͆¸û꣡
ǲܣ̫ģġҪã˵һǡɵۿ޲ظǰҾǰ㿴šҪһǰ㣬ҲġҪ֪ˣ͵öģܱصܡҪãȻá
ٟRģĸ㲻͵ŽҵĶ͸ְɣ
ͷûըཪӱĿɿڴ࣬ﻰ
ӱҲ˵Rֿɲˡ
ҵȻĻˣǲĸٟR˵㲻֪ĸƫ۶ˡǰ͵͵ӣͲҡҷ֣Ųˡ
ɵ۴Цţ£
ɲôƫ۶Ů
ԼԩˣǲֱôͷҲ벹һġûǮ
ҾûǮҲһˮƽ
ɵ˵е⡣
ίԽѾͷ֪һػһˮƽİ
ɵ۸ٟRĸˡ
ٟR˵Ȼиĸ˵飬ǾҵӦˡһĸҵĶȡöңĸֹܸڶȻĸҪұܣûҵĸԼ˭˽ҵĶǻĸҵģһͭ嶼˵ģ
ĶǹŮϱӵԩңҲ֪ĶѧЩ۶ٟRֻӦ£ɣġ
֣ʺɵۣɵͷôɡ
֣ʺЦԽɵ۶ٟRƣɫׯϣǾգ󳤹֤۫ҷֺˣʱðఢRץΣԼץķݶķݶˣĸǰһ׮ԸҲˡҲ㲻ĸС
Ҫ󳤹۫
Ȼ֣ʺ֣أĸǰĽ˶֪ġĸ֮ﲻ٣Ѱ˼ĲָҲҪΪ֤ġ
󳤹ۼҵϹ̫̫ۼҵףӱˡ۫ǹ̫̫ҲҪ֤
ٟRܶһףԸֵġҪǷִڵĶҪٸʣۼ䲻飬ҲҪҳ֤⣬ϹҲҪ¼С
֣ʺͬˡ
ɵۣǾôɡ


350 ֮ʮ



ĵ 
Ϊʾ֣,֣ʺ԰˳磬˴󳤹۫μӡ
˰ֻ䣬һҼ,һŷ֡
֣ʺ˵ԭɺ,󳤹ףӦġѰ֮,νһɩǰ֮⣬صð׵,ܲɩǰС
֣۫ʺС,󳤹,ȻҲ˵ԵĻ
,ˡ
һ֤޻˵
֣ʺȡī,һ󳤹ǰһ۫ǰ֣ʺΪʾ,ץΡ۫һдҼ,һд
󳤹Ц⵹Ȥʾд
۫ڴ,һ־ǣҲ밢R
󳤹˵۫,Ī˵⻰,Ҳһ,ּ,ָ˭˭,ԺѱԹ׵
ۼЩССһ
󳤹ӱд,ζԺŮֶҲ֡
۫Ǹ飬㲻ͨҲдˡ
֣ʺΣöץȡֳץٟRûһȡһ
ö˴򿪣ٟRдŷ֣Ҽ֡
֣ʺ˽Ҽ̧ʳӹֺ󳤹˵¸˼ѾǴˣݶɰԼðɡRףRĶæƹܡ
ɵ۵ǰ̫࣬ǵиȵ氢Rһܡ
󳤹΢⻰ɲ̫ȵˣѵȵˣ̫ʱٻءҪ˵ȵ˭֣ʺȵ
۫ȴͬ˵ǣСġ
ٟR⻰۫һۣ۫˵ģȥһģǻС
۫ûҭһα졣
ٟR󳤹Ҫĸ̫æҾĸҹˡ¶ҲףׯԼʣµ޷Ǿǿܲĸġ
󳤹Цɵ۵ǰRСܸɡ
ɲô
źãԺ󼴱Ҳ۸
ɵ۶֪Ҫ˵ɶˡ
ٟRܻᰲοˣ裬Ժڵ¼ȵۣͺúñԹһͨʲô̫.ʵôĸѡģ游˭˵ء
Цǫлϳܳ
ԭʵٟRһϲ̫.ʵ۹һһĺá
˵˵ЦЦҲܺá
ٟRԼׯ԰̵£Щ⣬˵ٟRСܲáٟRɶ͹ܲðҽ궼ʮˣѵܲ˼ׯ԰̣Ҫҹܣͱҹˡ
ٟR˾ǣ⼸ҲԵģŮٹ˸ĸһȥŲׯ԰̵ֱù̧ӣô
æʣʲôҪôЩǮ
ÿ궼ѧǮġǰûɶǮپ衣ǮͶ㡣
ٟRѧӵ£֪ġҲòžɡ۵ģ˵ٟRѧг͢ġĶġҵģӱ𶯣Ҹš
ٟRֱӷԸ˾ǣӱˣڿŰɡĸ˸ҿţҿĸȡá
û衣
ҲûãٟRǴ֣ʺšׯ԰ԼܣˡĽ񱦡ŶֻΡҾڼЩĸܡ
ҪãٟRֱ˵ˣҪԸҾʲôˡұʹˣĸҹҲʱ̫ôʲôﲻûͣҾͲסˡԭҴ˾͸Լҵġ
˽¸ɵۿɵҲûӣٟRǿڲűҪãһһ׵ġʱӦܣ˵ڸˣɵҲû㷨ӡ
ΪٟR˽һܸ֮ܲŮ˽Ͼ
Ҫȥʲôˡ
ߣۣ֣ʺǺ֮ӻŮĵĸŮ˽ĸܣ˵ȥ˳
ɵֻ̾ҲǡԭǰRģҪʲô͸ʲôˡ↪ȥģ·˰ɡ
ٟRׯ̵Ĳӣ˾ܹܣͷЩׯ̶˭ڹܡܹ̫ܵ˽ҽ˹ܣǳˣĿ㵽ġ
Ȼ˳ٟRĵӣ˵˸ׯֲге̵Ĺ룬ÿׯĸˣÿ̵ƹܹܽȻġ
ܹܵԵķԸֻܽ
Ҳû¡иԺͷճɣֱӸЩׯ̣ǰôţԺôšǸȵˣˣȻҲȵ
ܹ´ʯأ̫͵Լܹ̫˽ֱ빫ܹܻλзԸ׼ʱ̱̬ΪЧ
Сľͺáһ˵¸ÿ˶෢Ǯô˼Ǻúÿ
ܹæлµʹ͡
ǱߵĶһս˽ӱӱ½֣Ҳδʲôı䣬һ˾š˵ٟRǮҲǮ
⣬ٟRʹ͹ѧһ
ڸһ
ѧɼõѧԼҾƶѧ
Ϊѧ͸ʺҲѧԣ⼮ѧڵ۶Ϊ٣۶᰺ԱھסӿѧֻҪɼãʳޱīóǮЩǵǳɼһһѧ
ҲѧûõʣȴҲѧҪѧѵġ
ЩѧѧУҪJ
ʹڸ¶ʵڸܳ
ǰǷּѵǣզͻȻģ
ӵ˵ԵʴҲõģǸڸҹӡ˵ڸֵ࣬ϼӲҹЩˮֵĹԱ
ɵʵ£ٟR˵ʷʦ˵½ĺͦģ϶ûջؼңסֵǶˣġʹ٣͵öЩóԵĸǡðİģΪ͢ţѽ
ɵ̲סЦⶼôġ
ٟR˵ҲҪǣҸɻо㲻֪ʦר״Ԫȥ״Ԫʷʦıʷʦűˣ˽ʦǻšʷʦֲ˵ʹҼֻܱţĿˡ
ɵ۷Ц¡
Ҳû˲衣
ٟRĸﶨʡֳ϶Ҳ֪
Цû˵ôţҾżʷʦһ졣
ʷʦʵڱﲻסˡȻҪġٟRҡͷҲûӡº͢ǳ״Ԫ״ԪȻӾЩԵˣЩӣϽǳԺЩ
ԺЩˣαӡĸģԼţԺԼ˽ɵ˵
ǰҲġ˵
ٟRҪǻӣһΣԺ˼ôҿֻºֳģºǳвʹҾͲˡʱڸ󼴱ǸҸҪҲҭǣ
ٟRֳĳĸƵģһ߿͵깩Ӧ
⵹ҲǡѵٟͬRĻӵҲû٣Rͳ˰ɡ
룬ҲǣҲһ¡
ȻٟRʦһӣʦţһ°칫
ǰٟRȥ񲿣˵ģЩƾɡ
⵹ԵԵʣ˹ٳ
Ҫ˵ŲûǮйٲõ˵ҲΪ˼ӽԼŶͦӷ硣
ȥڿ⸮⸮Ҳͦɡ
ٟRɲƢԣûǮˣһǮԼˡ
ʦҲ빤֣Ȱѿӿݵľשˡǽˢס£λƵľڲһޣȫľҾ㡣
ż񲿲ι۵ʷ̫ûǹʦôֻ񲿣ǹҲҪɵĺòã
ʷ̫ɲǸɵųԿ飬ȥҹ˵ٟR˵Ҳܶҳʷʦȥһ֣һ߶һ׼Ӹš
ʷ̫ȻȥġɳҲǵµµһˮƽܺ˱ˡȻϲķ
ǰɲ
ǰ̫ʵˣܳԿ
ðɣʵʷ̫ǰԣӲӹҪһȻ󣬴ǱҲû䣬ҲҪһ
˼ҾΪλµһѹ޵ı񲿸ɸƯ
˭뿵Ǽһ


351 ֮ʮ



ĵһ 
Ĵ,Ȼһ죬ҹڴȻ,ʳųʪĲľƮ뷿ڡ
Ȼͷ̧,ֱдƳǰ಻ס,̶ʣҹС,Ǽô㡣
ǡҹ,һһʳ,ҹ겻С,ʪѥ°ڡĴʳУƳγεĽ˿,żϸлл뼦ҲӨӨ
ĽҹλүϣƳкȻ,Ъù
ҹζһǿ,ȻҲЩˣ˱ʰ顣
ҲһڸֵæĳܡԷšҲæ£ҹ
һһڵļ,嵭˵Сˣ໹ζ,ġ
˰ϲʳ,ָλ˻˲ˮ
Ȼ,ϴǶ˰ɡ
ǡ͵ϴ
Ȼͷ,ٶԡ
ڵֵǻ,ڸ,ȻЩºֶȡֵǸɰûĻ鲻һֵȻһݡ
ڸ˹Ͼһҹ
Ƴһ򻰶࣬ȺƽʱǸˡ
ҲԹӡ󼫺ãǰҸȥԳԡڸˮȵӣļǹǡ
δչǹߺˣҲżδ˵ʥԷӺã빫ڿ
ҵ˵ҡ
ϳɣһ򲻶ࡣм벻ͨʣǹµô
һᵽ飬ҵľһ¡
Ȼһö˶˵ĳԷɨ˼һ
ҺͬȻһۣ֪ô£Ƕܹ䳰ȷûȻĶࡣ
ƳеȻǲǰ鰡
ȻƲųˡ
˵ƳӦذȻÿθȻ¶ġ
ܵͷɲô࣬ûһزëġ
ʶԶλǶλоɣܲ氢Ȼ˵ûǻһ
ͷָָԼԷţ㿴Ҹĸٰˡ
ԷźӣЦеأҸи˵ֻҪܴﵽı׼ԺĶΪٶ¡
⵹ǡȻΪȻ֪ϱСۣ̱ûƷҲȷ
ȥ游ĵ۶Ե۶֪֮룬˿ǹصɹ֪֮й֮
ҽ˵˵ĶԣҿǲʹϸЩѰǸˡ
Ƴпļ⣬ǲŹô˶
Ȼ̷һءϻ˵Ͷ̥һٴҲϲ֡
Ƴ뵽Լʱ곯͢¼ʰſѫٻӵܣƳҲȥˣʱ٣Щ˼Ϊڹǰ¶ʮ
ΪչʾԼʱһɤû
ʱƳŵģ˼һɨ⣬Ӵ˶̬ȣ飬ٲݾ
ȻЩԲ˵
Ӵˣ¾͸Ƴһӡ
Ȼǲһġ
Ȼ۶žλʶʱ˽Բ־ڵ۶ûԵĴ㣬޷ǾѰһ֮ء
Եɺϰ͢һ׮մŮİӡ
ԭ˹ٸæ޷ǾʹЩ
ʹһֲ١
֮⣬۶ٵž˽ʵСֱӱѧ顣
ڵ۶ǲף˵ĵĻڹ֪»Ź⿪ӣάơ
ÿƽϡ
ǽֵܵĽա
Щ꣬ȻδһǹĶ顣
ò˵ȻĹ۸УҶţҲȻϾ˰
ſ̱
Ȼ˽²ۡ
Ͷզأ
ÿҹůһºֵġ
컵ֻҪ뵽ǹʦôľţԼʦ緶ɡ
ڸҹһ顣
⼸꣬ľ仯ĴԹٴɫ⻵飬š
ڳŹҹŴнζļ¶ǣ˶ů
мֺڵģ̫ᣬð˹
Ȼ񲿹ŪţҲʷ֮ѽ
ĥţ빫ίʵû飬ûˣǹȡ
ǰġ
Ϊ˻룬ţºƤҲҪײײӣһս顣ܲ˼񲿹޵ƯƯǻİɡ
ڣ鷳ա
񹤶ųĲʷ̨ԺĽʵСصġ̫ʦɴɵ߶һأɵ۴˽óǮÿӣ֮ʡ
Ȼǰ޹񹤶ûˡ
ӣλԱ⣬ǳ˻ʵ۱һ
ɵЦҪ̫ܲʦ
ҶЦˡ
ֻ鲻ֻùһصٸһɵ۵㲻޺ô
Ǯ󹻣ֻޣв㡣²ܺ˱ˣǶ򣬳ҲҪ򡣡
ɵۿЦãֻ鲹һ
˷㡣
ɵֱͳȥʮӣ¡
ЩԱһԼţǸл
ǹʹ飬ҲŪӲǡ
Ҫ˵ʱ¶ͦ
ֻϧڹסȥˣٹ˳žȥ˵˵͹󷽵ľŪӳ
ԣ¿˵ȥڸ೼ƽһϳɳֹ̬ʵЩһܴ㡣
ٟRĻ˵һӳɾƵġ
ۼ󷽵Ҳֹڸ೼繫ˣŴ£ҲԹ̾
٫h밲ٟR˵๫ŵ£ڼҾ͸̾ٻءĽʦʷʦи˵񲿹޵Ŀɺˡ˵еµĸ
ƽ¡ٟRڰ֣ǫѷ
չ΢䣬ʱǼģżҲЩطԳٶۡ
ǰҲô๫˵٫hɫã˵һֱкǼǹŴһ
Ӧõġ
๫ĽĲС٫hЩգٟRߣҿģļĽʦǣҾǲǱе˾ЩƾɣҲš˵ǣһֱ߶߶Ҳ֪治ǣǼٲǡ
ٟRĿɿڴ
չ̲סЦ˳漸ҲЦˡ
ٟRΣչＸ˵ǰҿ׹ݳƵһˣôѧĨˡ
٫hɴ۾
չЦ״ǹѧݳܣʲô¹ѧͷһݶչˡڰ״ȥ˱е˾Ľȴø¿ڣŸh߶ġ
٫hȷɷţӼ򵥣Цֱ˵ˣֲˣɻþá
ٟRȤû뵽׹ݳͦҪӡ
٫hûסۣǲ֪߶߶˶ٻءѧɷӣԷʱ˵޵áȲʱҲ޵ĲǰҽŶҪһˡΪ߶߶һûá
ˣûвЦġ
ٟRӲز֮ˣȻе˾ҲһٟRǺüľɽ˱е˾ǧ
˵н׹ԱУ˹ѧݳдңǶһݡ
ʹ̰ͣѱе˾޵޸ûĻ޲ţǴⱾ죬ûĽ
ʷĴţСܵôģҲǱе˾ˡ
Ҫ˵ľѧǲҸĴűȣҲе˾ȡܸѧһȰɡ
ѧûѧҪѧǰմ޹ࡢνʵûɶ޵ġ
ҹѧÿ궼дֻǧ깫ֱʣֱһ
Ӽ࣬Ҳдµʹ͡
ѧֱûû۵ĺӡ۫ҲѧŪʵݣκȥûȥ֣ɵ۸ǰʧ˳衣
۫ĥţķӲǡ
ظ飬һЦסԶߣǰ
۫һʱ͸ָ
ңңһָЦ˵֣
۫Ȼ
δ۫ǰἰ˾졣
ң˾˾ʾǣճ޹òסˣЩķˡ¿Ƿɶ
ܹһᣬ۫ļƻգΪ˵˼ˡ
ǰ
ʳ곤˻ʳ
ӣ̫δ̫֮꣬£һ޶ǿԵ
ǣ顣
ʷ̫Ҫʱɣ˾ֲ㣬Ҳܹɽɹʹ
ܹܴû⹦ͣʱٲùæ
ʷ̫ܹܵı̬
ţҲǻ¡
Ҳһã㣬ɶ֮Ȼƣ˵ûҪ
̱̬ɶӻеġ
ȻҶûɵ۱׼˴¡˾֮³౨ۡ
ҲδϵԼƻգվڴǰͥԺӳڣϸüܹ˾꣬Ȼ̫ˡ
δܹļʶȻ˾ܹܵλһѶꡣ
ҳϣϸ£ȴҲʵ֪֪
ܹܵжϡ
ԣ˾ܹλò̤ʵ
ܸܹܳ˭أ
˼
Σ¶һԵЦ⣺˭һ̫Ӫĸ֡
̫ˣֺñΪβԼ棬ǽôܹأ
ܳ档
Ҳ档
ǰһֵĲ²⣬ܹܱ֮˴ԼԼΪĻֻܹλĻţΪ塣
һ
紽΢̫òˣҲ˻߼壬ص۶ֻһҡ̫ĸ塣
֣ҡ
֣ҳɶҲǵ顣
¶֣Ҳһֱ䵭
֣ҶԴ֪Խ½ܹ졣¹飬ӦÿԱסܹܵλӡ
±̫ȫȡڱ⡣
ܹһᣬ̫֮°϶
һΪλӱȻһģ֣ʺ
ô֣ΪʲôҪأ
üšһʱĥ͸֣ҵ⡣


352 ֮ʮ



ĵ 
ɶ֮һʱɳš
ۡ
Ȼ,ɵֻһλӣ͢еڶѡ񡣹ʶ۵Ļ˲˵ģ롣
˵,ͬӵ,ͽӱ˵,ɵסֻ޶ҶǴ,һδ,һղԽ͵ǫѷһЩ,޻
ƽ󳤹,⻰ǡ
ҲһأóίѴ,ǫѷ֮ʱ
󵹲ûбȴ¸ʺǫѷˡ
Ҳ״ºͣڴ˹ؼ֮ʱ,֪˻Χڴ߰ͽֺá,νΪ
֪µ飬аӱ,ᣬȴȵġĵĲ,ȴϤϤء
,游˵˭
,ۺŮ,ǴĸǸֱ,ĸ׵,гϢһ治סġ
󣬡Ҫ˵ﲻϲҲܣŮ˼޷ǾǲѴΣ֮λݿҲһҲĸƾӹʲôأ
һҲ֪ʲôߵ£밢ӱȵˣҲǻỵµˡߵĸǳдԱû˻᲻ġ¶Դһ۰ּáȥΨһ̰ĸ
α̫𷣡
ԣò˼һЩ
ĸӹĸ
ҪʱǧҪκβ
ò˵ĵǻǺеġ
ཪӱȥĸжʡ֣ʺ˵˵˾ɶʱȥЩﲻʣֱӸǡ
˾͹ģӦûҪĵġĸԸҲ⡣
֣ʺ΢΢ף˵˼仰ȥֺ
һֺϲ
˻ˣȥӭסĸףĸʲô
ⲻǸôϲӯŶӵ־Ͳˡ
ٟRǿûۣŽӱ£޿κεĸֳ˵޶ĸˡ
ЦãҲڰ
ôڡҵɵӣѶ޺ýžˡŶӵ֣ο·ڶǴӡ
ӱĿɷһۣ˵ҲûˣϾλδ˵Ļɲá
ǫѷһĽϣⴢ֮λȰĸףĸ㲻Ҫֻ޶û֮¡˵ô
ôˡ⻹ôΪȻ
ٟRȴȥǻңʼлʼµĽû·
ֱӵ˵ûˣ»ǴĴˡĸñЩʾͻһӣλǻ֡ô޲ĵߺȣţ͵˵֮ϲɫ
Ǵϲ£˸ˡ
ٟRֳ㲻ãҲǷѧ֪ĸͷ޶£Ŷû˵óԾͰܹܽһͨķԸԸ˾Ҫޣ²⡣
ӱ㵵ֿɷ
ɫ΢䣬뵽ڷǹĸ˵ĻȥЩոδ룬ԭĸһͨԸĸ˵ġ
ʱĲᣬԹĸףиĸʲôġ
ֱ׳ǵ޵Ĳ⣬Ŷඣ䡣
ǴľӵĹм칬͢δ鴢ĸԽ޴Ҹ涫֮£
ٟRһ˵ĸָָ㣬Ϊֻ˵ĳ֪ΪԶѡȻǶ˵ġ
ӱΪȻ
ͼɷɫ࣬һԲһ䣬Ȼˡʱһ֣޶ǡ
Ѹڵþûع
û
ֻǹŮģôҲ
ɵ۰ţһߣǹŮųԲ裬Ϊְˡ˲֪ԵʣٟRĸӻѵһ˼񸸻͢ÿ˲ʹûԵ¡޶£ȥ룬ĸĸϽ˾һͨ
֪ΪǻּŰᶫȥġ
һίҾ֪಻ЩģҲŰĵġ
ɵ۰οԭҲ޶ĲʹԺͱ˾ֱིͬһ
ģҲͱװˡ
ٟRƳĸһۣᡣ
ɵ̿ȥԵǡ
ĸúýɣϹֺ¡
ɵۣĸҲǺġ
İ컵¡ġ
ɵЦ⻰ҲЩĶͻˡܸ˭ס޷ס̹ЩûЩذˡ
ҲͱһƬġ
ٟRףĸҾ˾˰æɶ֮ء
ǰѻӹɵ۵޶Ǵ£صиĵ˿ţ׵ҴҲ֪ģΪʵ֣Ҫʲô½ѽֻܷһٸġ
뵽жľ֣ɵ۵Ҳá£ȷҪиˡ
ٟRĸоһ쫷кХһ˲䣬Ĵ𾪵޷˼
ɶ˾ĲʹǹĲʹһɡ
Ҿ˾ʲôʹأ
Բ˳Բ˳²ɡ
οԭ˾빤ĹͣڱҾ˾˽ȥǶ˾ǹô
ٟR˵Ҿ˾ĸŵøݲźù¡
ջŲĹŮզˣ˵£ǰ£ܲܽд¡
ɵ۵Ѳȱܹ˾꣬ȥһԺسҲá־ݹ˾ɡ
ϲʤɵӯӯһݣֳл¡
ɵЦŷһˣĪҪˡ
ٟRɲǸ⡣
ɶܹģ۳ǰͻȻܹܻˡȻԱǸʵȨ
Ѳ˾ܹȣǽְܹܵ
ȥ꿪ʱٟRżˣ˵ﻰͦͦϽһӡ
ܹڻʼҷˣͽ׵Ļ˾ĿһСģ˵һ˾ˣܹܵɴᵽΣʮ˾ܹܡ
ûйҲп͡
ο˾ɶԭҲ˾ְɴʱἰԸ
ܹܲ޹ʧȻҪˡ
Ҫĸõˣһ۶ô
ٟR۾
Ļô볯̩سΪе׼ô
ûĸسĸԸ뿪λӣеȨ
Եսʤľ
ľô


353 ֮ʮ



ĵ 
ԲΪְ˾Ŀ,Ȩְá
ĵ֮ǰٟR֪Ըı丸׵⡣˵һ,Ҿ˾ǰйܹ˾ô
,̵ûܹ,˾ڽϣ֪ܸɡ
Ϊβ˵ȥأϲǸϤ
ⶼ벻ͨ,˾ǹǻʼ˵,Ȼ׽ɿˡ
ٟR̲סһ,⻰ܹ,öĺ䲻ۼݣ˾,ѵͲɿˣ
ô˵ɵ۵ܹģ޲һֱ˾,ת,ûɾ顣Žμ꣬ȻиõĲʹ
׵Ļˮ¶,Է
ٟRԵ»,ɿɵġ
,Ҳһŵġ
ٟR˵,⻹ôйҾ˾,ѵȥɿйȫ˾˵,в׹
ʷʦС۶ľ,ܴӦ£
ٟRܹЩĹͣڶϣڽӱСﰢ̩ǹ밲ʱͬӱ˵ĸ԰ӻˣӱ㣬һȥ
֣ʺ֪ԵʣЦȥɣŰ̩Сһͷá
ӱٟRһȥ˺԰仨¶δɢҲŵˮϢٟR˵ɩߵ磬ȥˣ˵һ£ŲסæҲҪ飬ɩ˵˵
ӱæʣʲô£
ٟRͽ˾Ϊ˾ܹܵ˵ˣӱ΢΢üȲ˾˽˾ΪǶܹἰɶ²ء
˵ܹܣʶպáٟRĸҲ֪һ˼ƫҡ룬ܹɶ˾ķ£δûõ˼
ǾҲһԼС˼
룬Ǻ⡣
ҲǺ¡J
ֻһᣬͰˡ
˶֪ɶǰĹͣԺ󴢾ȥס뵽ط˭޵ģ˵Ĺ͡
αʱܹأⲻǰܹĹøԼҾ˾ô
˽ģٟRûϿô
ӱһף˵ǰɲãҪܹܣٵ񲻸ã
ٟRףҲ롣ܹܰѶ꣬ʵʵĹͣģû˸ģʼֻ֪Ҫس˳¡
ӱٟRһ󣬽á֪ٟRһ£ӱʣ⻰ô
ٟRҲѹЩ˾˿˾飬ĸ˵˾˵ڽܸɡʿ·ö⡣
ӱȵعţ˵¡ܹܼɶĺ⣬ڶҪǫѷܹܵĺȴװƣ˵ʱһҪ˵Ųġ
ٟRùЩ֦ͷĻɫĺˮУ¸ٟR˵ܾʵŶ̫ˡһûˣǻ֡иģ͸иġ
ٟRºͣʱţ¾ļ̫䣬ͻӭ컺һ̫ͻȵĹֻӭ硣ܹø˸Ӧ̣ҪˣҲҪżůͼա
ٟRһϲ۳½ӱ֪ǶԾ峯ۣܹ֮һŲʣٟR˵Լɡ
ٟRûж򷢱ԼĿ
ӱЩȣRǶԸִϿôٻ֣󽫾ܹܡУǹ١
Ҿ͸˵ӱοٟRR㲻̫ģ˵ɱǱͦõģ󽫾Сʤ
Ҳ˵ˡٟRǿЦЦҪ˵ʲôͼ˿첽Ц󳤹ˣǶ˵˵͹¹ȥ
ٟRЦĸˡӱ㣬ǸϽȥɡ
ɩöһȥ
ٟRҪ飬󳤹˵˻ʱ䣬Űռȥ˺µ
󳤹ӱڷǹ֣ʺһ͵칬ȥˡ
󳤹ɷĶվΪġӱմٟRܹܵ£뵽֮£̾һûŶĸˡ
󳤹δϵ̶һҹ£ôʱǰR˵ģ¶Դ¿ɲá
ǰ˾һ޶˾˾Ͷܹܵλãôأ
󳤹ȫ˵һ˵¿϶סܹܣΪ˵鱣ܲмء
RҲ˼ӱаRǡҾ͵ĵȰסʡ
һ뵽ɵۣ󳤹ҲüֶƽʱҲϲ֣ң֣ٻص۶ҲͰˡѵ˾ң˾ԵģС궼ȵأ
˾вͱˡ
Ѱֻš
ʵۿɲǻʼҲýء
οܹ¶ôأ
˵ƫ˽ˣ
Ҳ̫ģǸþľġֻҪģ˾ͲԹ󳤹¶Ȱס£ֻ뷨ӣǴ¡įЩ꣬Ҫиƽϣ鶼ƴڡۼᣬǻø˷ˣǵġҲû
ӱΣҲֻˡ
󳤹ֿ˿С̩δ칬ţͳȥˡ
촺Ĵ󳤹ֻ̾ϢʲôãôһŲ֪˵ĸ塣
Ҫ˵ңǶôԲˣ˵ıȨ֮ı̫ɱҲһ
ĺ˳飬ʣôЩĶ
󳤹ظ˼ҳѣ֪ɷ򣬡һ˵޶ʲô£û뵽һ죬
ɵĲǽҲûɶ÷ӡַǳº͵飬˾ڰͽɵ۴¸ӣ͵˾մɵһƽ˳ȥˡ
Σӵģ¶Ǿôء
Ҫ˵ȰȵİѶ޺ãȻ˳˳¹˵²٣̲ס˵һ䣬Ϊء
󳤹һ䣬Ǳɩѹĺˡ
Ͳˣǻôֻ̫һѪҲڱϵġ
ɶϡΪ̫ͱһӣĸӼ϶̫Ҳ档̫ȥֲ治̫һֱѳֳ
һ佫ҲЩӿȴҲţ͢Χۼпûֻαһֱ˳˳ġ
൹˵Ȱɣӱһ˵ӦˡҲûȰססɵӲҪԡáܹ֮ܣܹܲȥأ
ǵҪȥøмȥ
ϾѲҲƷԱͬƷ
ܹҪΣҲвʹӵʱ䣬ҲҪʰеĶ⣬˾꣬ȫȵǹ˻ʺֳ絽µ
ٟR˵ҪΣЩ˸УҸɩ˵Щ꾡ľһƬġȰʣҪȰһȰġţˣͽ˻ؿһЩξ鲻ǻ¡ʧ֪ǸءͷѴţҲίˣֻܴŻ֪Ϊ
ܹܸսɵ۷䵽ȥⷬĸмҲΪԼ飬ԭǹĴ¡
ǿССһŮ޳ڶׯŮмим־һҾµĻסˡԺˣ¶ౣء
壬ܹҲ֮ˣͷĲҵµĶǿɿˡֻܷǡ
С֪ˡٟRҲҪСġһ˲ס
ٟRҪֽʣдӣϰԼĹӡݸܹܡ
ܹһǸе̵ģԭ̫˽ָд̼֧Ӹܹܡ
ܹܶʱ֣̿ȴҽӡٟRŰɡЩ⣬ٲ˵ġȥѲԼʦүĻܵ伸ʹҲС֪㲻Ǹˣȫ˾ѲԲڻ¡ֻСЩûȥˣΪΪܾܾ飬ӸλĲף
ٟRܹܣͫܹܵ۾ϲ㲻ҲƷ֮ˣҲϲΪһ츣һĹԱʧ
ܹۿᣬһݣס˵ԵĻǡ˫ֽӹ
ٟR֪ΪֳûȰסˡɱִѼɱ˷й󽫾˲Ľ
緢ģٟRټģٟR룬Ǹ׵ʵģɡΪһ֮Լǵĳսķʢ١
Ҫ֣ңҲҪ࣬ҪܹܡҪĸ⳯еĸִʣҪԼĳ͢Լĳӡ
ҪԼ¡
ٟRҲϣһӢ緢ĸףǣûгԽĸĲܣΪʲôƿس͢ĸS
ʱп˵Ҫأ
ٟRм׾ǳľٟRһֱΪ׵еƷʣ֪ǲ̰ˡ
ɳ꣬α֮⣬ײûʲô˾޵١
ֻθ׵ִ縸εɹٟRϡ
Ҳĸ߸ϰǣ¹ߣһʧұؽ׵壡
˥䣬Χĺ塢Ȩ󽫣ĸ᳼ܵĻңǻ¶ɭɭݣҵ˺ķ飬ӶȷµȨ
ǿֻӸǿˡ
޹ҳϣǿ˵ԡ
ҪΪԼҲΪңһߣ


354 ֮ʮ



ĵ 
ܹһȥ,˾ΣҲٟRδ,ֺĹӦոʤһꡣ
ٟR,ܹȫӲᵡֺ,ȴҲûķʢٟR˵ôĸĶȻˡ
˻áϲԽ,ҲǶࡣ㸸ʽ˾,˵ǹ˶,ٷίˡ˾Ǹʵ,Ҷ˵˶ġ
ٟRŶһҲû˵ԵĻ
ʷ̫Ͽʱ,˾˽˾֮вʷ̫ƾȡˣԼ״Ԫ,Ʋݡ
ݽ˾,ǰܹء
˽û˾ֶɵԵʣʷ̫û˵
ʷ̫ɧٟR˵,ֹܸʲôãø̫ʦȥ˵ڸ֮,,һӸ,¶ûһɡ
ʷ̫,˾ܵǻʼ˽,볯޸ɡ̫ʦҲ֪Ķġ
ٟR,ɶô˵
ôţȻ˾Ĳʹѷһʷ̫Ҳû˾ɴ˳ɶ֮¡
˾ֻҪɵͲùվٟRʷ̫⣬ʷʦôǾʹһǣ˾㡣һӦӦ
һٟR⻵⣬ʷ̫ʱ̩Цʣذ
Ȼ
ʷ̫ԭ˼һȥģϾ޶ȫ˾ʷ̫Щ᲻á
ٟRʷʦǲֵ̲ססһأ˼ǾͿͷһ˵أ˵ЩģĲࡣأʵʵ裬Ҳ˵˾Ǹˡ۹ʱûЩץ¡
ʷ̫Ҳǹٳ꣬ͷĵܲסҲ˳Թһû뵽ŮӵһźԼûǱ߶׾˾˾ƫ۶
ʷ̫ףǺðɣµġ
ʷ̫ڸԱĸ߰㵱˾ء˾ͦ£ԵʷҰݷãһƬ빤һɶ
룬ʷ̫ΡӦˡ
룬ҵҲͦϵ֪ٳء
˾µȷµʹϺܿϾģ˾վסš
поѳӽлؼңˣ߾ٸ۰
ֻǣ˾ȥ⣬ľܾˡ
ίʵ޷˾ֶֻ࣬ܰȰմסŲȥˡ
Ϸ˽˵飬һһϣֱĲᡣΪĸǣëԼȰһȰ飬Ǻ£һ˵׵ġ
ҪܰȰĻͷҲĸǲܣҲϷ˵Ҳµĺܡ壬ĵܵܡϷ˵Ĵ
ĸ׷İɣһġ
Ϸ˲˵ĵĳתٟRǹļ֮꣬ôġɱϾ̫δһ꣬ôġ
R˵겻죬ٰ졣
Ϸ˾ǳŲŲ°Ҳа
Ҳ˼κٟRӦǵ졣ɣꡣ
뵽ٟRһԲϾͳƢϷû˵Եģ˵ôžôšҲã̫ˡܸܲչ̫꣬͸켰񡣵ȷá
Ϸ˻һ׮£ĶԹŮ۳ʹˡ⻰ͷ˵ôҲù̫ᣬиŮ󣬾͸ˡ
ûģһ˼ƫңκٟRֻúӦ䣬ʱ˵ɡҲ֪ôġ
ŮӼң¶ѵйԼ룿ǹĸףǷǹҲôһءɵи˭ײǰ࿴Ѳµͷѡǲ֪׵ģ񲻵һ
֪ܲĸ׵˼ĳҵԸֳףɰϼҡȰ黹вģ˵ôţ
ֱӰϷסˡ
ȷǵճʱŵһ̵ֽġ£Ҳûᣬû䣬ڽҲûʲôòʹĻҲ䲻ֻҪദģû˵һֵġ
ԼĲ书ϳˣȻҲ뷽跨ҪŪؼȥ
ٟR֪Ҿ֮⣬ͰĶӡ
ɱʱнݱ󽫾֮Ϊ֪˵һλѷ֣򱱵
֮Ҳܿ쿪˾Э̽չѸٷǳ
һֱʮ£붬һСѩԹ֣˽ٟRһ£˵ûĿΣ沮ĸߵһ£ڵ۶ƹ񡢻ׯׯͷˡԭƹׯͷ˾˱Ĳʹǲ֪Ǻãҵҡ˵²ܣȴҲò֪
ٟRüһ壬ɰθߣˣ
Թ￴ЦȻһҵ飬æͷ
ٟRһ˾ǵ裬ɸȥ˾ܹܸҽ
˾ǾҪˣ֣ʺҹ̹һ˾ǡ
Ůȥ֪̹ͨٴ¡
֣ʺȰٟRҲС£αΪ¶ŭ
С£ͬ˵һͶҵˣûҷٟRһҪӣ˲֪ͶˣͷٟRļɻ䡣
֣˻ǵһμٟRŭǸ˵ЦԸ񣬴ʱҲ˵ԵĻֻðĵ˾ܹܹ͡
ܹһǹ̹پһ뵽¡ԭף÷ҪԼˡ
ѵûͬ˵£
ܹ˵ٟRƢԵģһҲ׽ǶĸҲ˵ɫ͸ɫܹûŵԼһ˿Կ¹ŭ򷢽ȥֺţԼ̹ȥˡ
Ȼ
һŭɫܹԽƶԼĲ²⡣
й֣ʺٟRͷʣ֪ׯ˷ʲô¾ȫˣ
ܹﷺֻ࣬εǰֺԸóЩϳɳص˹ȥ¾ӪճʴǷҪ£˵ͬ˵ġ
ٟRԭϵĸйأȴûĸͷŭɶҵ£ĸǲҪңңʣҲûֻĸĵѵ⹬ûлʺ󣬷Ҫ檶ô
ϵ֣ˣٟRѵҲľ
ԹҲľսɫס
֣ʺһƽ޲ȴҲһԡ
ܹɫһףߵף򲻸ң
ϲңȴôġٟR䶢ΪҲ֪ʲô˾ܹܣֺܹܣ֮ҵ˻زԭλԼлһ㣬ıȡҵĲҵʲô֣
ܹܡͨһ͸ٟRˣճ죬Ŀɸıȡ˽˵ó֮ˣ
ȶң˵֮أЦսƵû֮زǣ
ٟR׳ߣһ˸ԡʱһҴҽŲһӰ˽ڣܹܹٟRǰʱˣֳŭٟR˾ˣʲôҪ˾˸ô񣡡
ٟRɫ˿ѩվһ񣬡ù˾ܹôͲܸˣ˵Ҿ˾ˣ֣Ҿ˾ǰһҪô˾ﲻһܸô
һʱҭסϾҲǳˡ
ôܹܣٟRʡ
ܹܹ£عأΥ񡣡
ٟR΢°ܹͣܣˡ㻹𱰡
Ļʲô˼Ҳˣ
ĸϣĸΪ檣ĸһʹСУδĸ񡣡
շ·˺ݺݵһǴ⣬ĲᣬֱܲסһŤˡ
ٟRûԸܹܣ˵Ҫ
ܹæ
ٟRٻֺҲûסǹֱںµסˡ
ɵ۰ֺ޵˫ۺף֪¡һίٟRռٟRֺˣɵֻõǹ֣ʺ˵¡
֣ʺΪʺ󣬻ӻŮҵĺӣRˣҲ㣬֪˾һͰˡȷûйûƼûаܳȥˡҲ֪һܲܵ󹬡
ɵ۴Բ֪ģôëӡȣҪƽϡ
֣ʺЦһ¾ֱ˵ɣʲô
ȰȰRҲʲô¡
һȰģֻ԰RƢҪϼա
ٟRٻֺܹܴ裬ؼҲһģϷ˵֪£빫ԣŴθѿۼơ
˼Ҵս˸⣬ǹɵˣ˴Щׯ԰ȫ˾ѵܲı£
ٟRģɴͽ¸ɵ˵ˡ
ɵһ룬ҲãʡΪЩׯӵ
ٟRͬ⣬ٟR˵Ժ˾ҹܣѡˡȸɵ˺ʵĶ࣡
ɵ۲ţˣ
ȻҲ޷˾ˣҩҵ˿ֳѰ˾Աܱȵģ
ɵʣ˭ѽŵĹԱ
⸮ԫǰں٣괺ǵ壬ѧƷŵĹҲŸѡܱá
ɵ۶ԫӡ󣬵ǸĿεĺ֣಻ϡֱԣ±Ĳᣬʹǹˡ
൹̨˱綾Ыص۶ȢŮҲûس١
Ǹеֵˡ
ɵʣǴǹô
ҽ۶ҲٟRһ˿ǡ
ɵۿЦãٟRԼĹѡңɵҲֳ㣬ֺɡĸء
ҲȥˡҾסµˡҾ͸óˡøַ˰ɣ
ɵһ
ǰʮҪˣ㲻֪ô
ɵȻõģֻûɵۿŹŮԼۣ㻹Сءҿ᲻ô
סԶͺءٟRߡ
˵˵ĸǴ㡣
û۶Եطԭƹׯͷвﰡ˵˵һͰ˻ˡٟRǲ
ȥˣȥ˰
ЩɡȲҵĶѵֵֻģЩɩҲһ¶ûᣬɴ಻ᡣĸɲɵɴѼ칬ֺܰɡ
ɵ۵ٟRĸҲֵˣ
Ķ֪⼸ˡ򷢸ϸȥʰɡѲΪһݵˣ
ɵûٟR˵Ҵ뿪
ٟRۣʲôףֻ۸Ƶµģ
ٟRԫдţ֣
Ҫİ
ϻ
۶
ǩԼ֣ٟRϹӡ
ԫԸԸЧЩ£ٟRûٽЩ

ҲŮӶҪϣ


355 ֮һ



ĵ 
˼ǳĵͳ
,é®ʲôġ

־Ҫȥ
ԭΪиųء
ðɣճsǼһﶼǫ̫̀һȥ,۶ƾ䣡
ԫȻϲճ,ţ϶ܲȥ˵,ȥƣҪƲ,ҾʹŰŰ۸ϽؼҡҪ,
,㻹׼
ǿ϶˭֪ǲҪԫֹš
ϸɴ಻, ڶʰóеô,ԫһ˴۶ȥˡ
ԫ۶סռңʮֻӭͥ,ԸľЩˡ
ԫʮ־,ոϤľ£ֲΪ棬ϡ,ûϡҪڵ۶ҵü
,뿵һпվ
ԫһ,Ц
ࣺһпվЦ
һշ̫̫˵ŶطĻ,ȥ갢Ű۶,ԭźסǸ,١ү,˸顣
մֻҪڳ͢ѹһͷϵ
һ뵽뿵Ͷġ
ּҵ̨뿵׹ֻǼҳϲԹޣг͵ñ뿵бֶΣּ˾͵ϡ
뿵Ľ㵱޸뿵Ϊޡ
ּҵּ̨ѱȴδŮΪԫȣԭ²뿵ͷȥѰʱѲ֪ȥ
Ҳиȫʬء
뿵ֻ˵ȥһŲ֪
϶Ӵû䣬˱뿵⣬ҲûԵİ취
ԫһ̣´һۣϧһƬĿոճsΪ׸ڹڵ
һƬĲᵳճsȻһ뿪á
λ¸Ϲʲô
λııġ
ɼûԵطԫһһ˽լԫȥݼุĸ˴˼ҲһҪS
Ϸ֪Ǿɽл˵˵ȥˡ
ʱŵģѡ
ɲ飬ʲôΣԫ֪ҲˣռֶŮǹȻ顣
һԲһѽ̫źеı仯¸շ˾ܹнٺ
͹Լ˽ҪסˣҪ̧ңΪȥε˾ܹܣԫ䲻ڼڽ
Ϊͷ̫µĲҵҲҪ˴ܡ󳤹ɲǳصģô󳤹ûֻܹܸﶥˡҲΪҡͷ˵£治ñµϲһ㡣
ԫԼֲûӣԼģ֪ΪΣͰָӡʱģڣˣ
ֻϷˡ˵Ϸ˸ıߡ
ԫпֵŪ֣ңǴʱʱȻɳڡ֣ȴôͷӼ޸Ҷ֣ҵ겻Ϊ˵ǽ֮˽Ҳ˵
Ц졣
Ϸ֣Ů֣̫֣İáλϷ˲֪ô£ȫû֮õôǣҲȫûѰŮӶҵϷⱲӶֽѹȥ
ɵ񣬳ֽ㣬Ҳûкξ춯صΪ
ԫڴʱ۶Щȣԭ룬ҪһЩ
ƺ٣ŶǴơǴƣʲ׶áԺڣţ﹫Щɢ£һ£ҲÿҶ˽ҹƹϲܰݣһƾ͸ˡԫ˵ȻûҴ˾ٷ
ЩС¡
̫ĶҪĶ
뿪¾ܾˡ
ԫ˿ͬѵڻؿ⻹ü
Ͷ״ˣȥ
ɶͶ״
Ű۰һƵĽ͸ԫȥ깫ˣǰڸӲӦʱ͸˵˺֡Ȱ۶ǣҲ˰һһͿڵ۶㲻
ԫȻһЦŪѣеˡ
ʱŹĴϻۣҲеʶʱ־ţȫıԡʲôÿۼһˣЩıԩǣôģ
أէһȨ׸󽫣̫֮һһ롣λխİأ֪Ůӵƫò͡
ڹÿ쿴ܷġ
һһλڽύ󳼵Ĺ׸ŮҲģ
ԫȵ۶Ի۵븸ĸҲһˣԫδԫһۺЦӭ˵ǿٱ˹˫Ҫ˵ñطĻԫһ˵˾䣬ôϳˡ
пһģ㵱ͷS
ҿɲҶͷԫǫײϵļһԶˡ
˻̼䣬Ѽ磬һֲᡣ
Ի븸ĸžۣոס
ڿºԷţʹ֪ĸ۶Ҳûտĸ½æЩС־ڸϴǴĵѾЩĲʹ
ǣøæˡ
Ի۸ĸ˵۶ʵѴдĸ˵һ飬˵ΪЧ湫ӵġ
Ի£칫˺ôĻҴûɵúΪҵ̫ĶɿˡS
ţšԫĲɵӦ
ԫ⳼ס
ɴ͵ٟRڴ󳤹
Ĺ㣬¿ԫˡԫǿƵʱ򣬽Ǳ߽󽫣Ȩһ
Ӳʶ
ԫеԫͬ󳤹ܣ̼ǵص۶ʱ⡣ǼԪԪĽʿСѧȴֲѷˡǻȻ˹ˡS
󳤹ʶ㣬ҲҪΪԫ֮￡̾ǳǰ㣬˵ص۶۽硣͢½ʿδܼģҲˡ
λ¹򲻸ҵ
ЦǹŸʶ㣬ĿԿһ·ɺãԫ¡
ԫȿִһ˿׽ĴˣáһֱоҰ˼̫ƽ˻ɸʤ
ٟR٣ԫǳˣ˵Ҿ֪峤Ǹˡ
ԫ¶Ц⣬٣ĶҲ
˵ʵɣûֹڼұԹңٟRЦʡ
ңŵ°һ˫ŮΪƱ񻹸ҲϹô
ٟRЦഺˡһ̯£Ҳûչȥҹܰɡ
ԫȵ۶̬֮ˡˬǳֱӵԸ
ãȥ鷿ϸ̸
ٟR󳤹Խ鷿Ҳ·񶼲·ˡ
£㣬ٟR㽫˴ȥԫ˵µѴҿЩЩׯ̵˶ϵģҽֺһֱû㿴ôܾôܣÿ
鷿ڻ¯յԫ΢΢ףϸЩҪܵʲô̶ȣ׬ǮĻûʲôġ
ҪֻΪ׬Ǯɸ̼־ǡٟRƽͣϲЩзšȨڸߴĺûֻڵʹܿҵĲҵУׯо
ԫһ˿죬ʣûõ
һֹסˡ
ٟR⣬ʲô
ԫ̫Ϣķǳͨģ¡£ûλȨֻ֪¡
ٟRü˼ǣĸԼ̽
ԫʣûаɣ̫ʮ꣬ȻӣҲңɳ֮⣬̫ȻԼ
ܡҴСĸߣҶ̽࣬ôûأ˵ĸϲңкõѵĸ᲻ңô˵ţٟRҲЩò׼̽һҡ¹ϵش󣬸Ҳʡ
䣬ԫյۣתϼҵĳ嶯ԫɫֻ̫ὫޱҪ֮ｻΡأܼ̳̫󡢳Խ̫ˡ
ԫĿƣָ̫ԡٟR죬ɶûõҪңҶ֪¡
ǵҪúˡ
¶һʱҲ벻ͷĸû͸ŶٟRҲλģһŵ㣬Ǿɥʱ̣ܶԶ۵£ǰ
ٟR˵ȹ°ɡҽá
ԫֻܴӦǡ
㾫Ҵ˵ģٟRԫŽĸԫ˸
ԫ浣һӢҹ
죬Զ˽Ѻû棬󳤹磬Ҿɢ


356 ֮



ĵ 
ٟRԫ,û뵽ֻ̫һ˽
Ҫȴһ֪
ȻٟRửԫкס,ϲٟRϵˬ
Ȼ澳,Ųһ꣬ѲȥǸ浽ЩðɵСˡ
ʵ,ɵҲܿɰܶˡ
Ҫ,ԶԶġ
ڱȽϺ,ѾҪԼ,ҪռоϢ
ûӳ,ֻо
˽սȥȴӵǹJ
µĹϵпɡ
ٟRԫ,ҲáѩڳٟRõĺС˾Цŵһյ²裬ġ
ȻˡٟRӲ,ŵݹȥҲ,ⲻ£峤͵˵۶ɼһӵҵ,˵ˡƾ֪峤ǸԽύˡ
۵ʱ,ٟRһֹ,Ҳÿ,˭,˭Ǽ⡣
˾΢΢ǳЦ,˵ǡ
ٟRعʱ䲢,ѩʶɫԳɫİ磬һñӭĹ˴ɡѩƬźһ壬񣬼ѩë£һѩá
²ҪվѩҲһ
˵ǡ
ٟRӵŲȥˡ
յůѱˮٟRȥ磬ϣصĴ˶ȺٟRʣҳȥһգǵ£
ԴĸҪı˽ٟRʹֺᵽµԼסˡٹʱеͷԼˣǼֱų
ЦûԵ¡Ǹոջʺһ»ûոյ»عūȥǹ»ع֮¡
ٟRףٴ򷢸˹ȥĸһȥšõѩһȤ
ǡ
Сȥȴ
һʱֺҲٟRǷع
ѻǹ˰˵˺һͨǹҹĻ˵ŷϺõӣ͵ȵ¹ȥһƷ
ȥĸ˵ֻһ룬һûˣ˵ӵ°ɡٟR˴ˡ
ֺĻظҪ˵Ҳ档ٟRһֱСͰһɺģֳ򷢿ɿ֡ûðá
¶˵ӼȢ޾Ǵˣֳܲ˽
ǵġ
˵Ȣޣǰʮ꣬ҲӲǣ
ʺ˽֮¡˵Ƕϱ⣬֪ء
Ǳ£ҲøϹ̫̫ӡ
㸡ůң°̾ƽʱŶϱҲТ˳׸һ㣬Т˳ֻϡŲ򷢼ˣͲˣ¸ǰ
ԸֱͬǣѵԸֺø£ǵᱻ˺ƭô
ϴӦʹֶΡ
ԽӱĴκΣƴһʱҲǲƽ󳤹ֻ̡
Ůģϱһ۶ɷÿͷ»æ߰ίʵٸˡ
ĥһȦ˵ʰЩ̲ƷϷȥϷ˵̫꣬ðߺȱ֪֪ȵĺӡ
ЦǡˣҲЩūǰƫʰ
㿴ŰɡʰľЩаί
İɡ
Ͷ˵Ļ֣ʺķǹҲЦϡµڷǹ߶ϣ̧ž͵ٟRѾ͹ˣϹҰԺȹӣû
ϹЦǳʱڣ֪°ڣԸˡ
СܲСײСģұϡһþƣĸ
֣ʺ鲻ٟͬRͣһ;Ź˶ʮ˲ֹǹ
֣ʺҲЦǽ˳ġ
˳ĺܡ峤ǰЩӵģߵʿĸ֪ȥҳĳԵ˵ĻӦ˵ҪæһˣɼΪֿ
ţǸѵ֮ˡ
ٟRͷЦһ󣬡а㣬ȥ˵峤òڣšۣŸ˵峤òŮȷλڵӡһ峤ǷˣȥԲ顣
֣ʺ峤Ҳˣĺòô
ĸʶ峤
ʶż֣ʺʱף峤º֣۶ˣżȻһ⣬ȷΪˡ
ȸʤٟR߿ޡ
һʱཪӱǰʡ峤۶֮£˵ȥR˵Ǹĳʿֳ۶Ϊ͢Ч֮⡣
ûʡǽҹҵġпղһ峤ھһ;侫ͨ
ף˲ţá
ӱ֮£ٟR˵֣Ҳ۴Ц⣬ͬһ硣
޶˻Ҫȥֺ֣ʺδˡ
뿪ǹ޶ͬ˹뵽þͷRϵĸȥɼδ
ȰRˡ˵Ҫһ²ӱֻϸɵĻͭ¯˵
Цãһʱô
RɡӱһĨЦֻЦδ۵סĸõ£δ⡣
ֺ˵ٟRڷǹţһͨԹԹŮ밲ʡҲԷơ
ӱȰģЩʱĶˣЩڣֻǾɷϸĿţδ
ֶӱɫ°ҡͷҲǸˣ㷳գȻȥȰһȻġ
ӱʣ֣ʲôô
һæ˵ū¡
һΪءȻôܶҡӱһֻۣǿƽ޲ǳѲ⣬Щϲŭɫǡ
æͷȥūҡ
û¶һˡӱһЦǿ˼룬תͬĸطգٹ°RˡʱĸŮТǰһģһ
̾һƬģҶûꡣ
ҲְRRСңҲ˰̩ĸԵµġӱЦе˵·ոյĳĬδڹRЩĸˡ
ҵ˷𡣡
ӱһЦĸǷȤ
ҲЦˣȴŽӱЦЩԵζ
ò˵ֱǳ
ӱҪһӲҧάŲ¶׽
һжӵˣȴӶӣĸ׻ֶ˽֮£
ʱӱ˵ɷׯ԰̶֣صˣʱ˵һðβܻ˼
¾ٟRͱƣӱҲ̣
д
ҪԸܣֱ˵Ӧܣׯȫֺĸׯ̳£ϵ˶ף
Ҫ˵ңѰԿϽ˼ңҲûĻ£
ӱʼҶȫδʧȴ˵˵һȥĲҵֱȫȻλ
ӱҪʲô
ҹ
µ
ٟRųԵıСյůͣڴҲ䡣˾Ǹ̺ůٟRȸ£ĸֽ
˾˵һֵ˼
˵ǵиϳ˹¡ƽʱҪߣҪæٟRٻ峤һϵõ飬ֿ϶ġ
˾ЦҲáһƬģǱߵ׺Щ˶ֹ࣬һ£ͷˡ
ǰٟR˵裬һ˯ɡ
ٟRСʱҪһ˯ϻҪ¡⼸ٟRˣҲֻ࣬żҪ
˾ǴӦСȡԼıٟR߶ϡ
ϨٟRǹűǱ߶˼ȻһֲֻʵĴӱıѡ˾׽סֻʵС֣ٟR͵Цɴ˶˽ȥ
˾ֻܱ֣ˣôСʱһ
һСġٟR軳Ｗ˼ϲϵ㣬ҲϲůĻ
ȻٟRһĶ䣬ʣ裬֪ĸ̽ô
ٟRڵϢ˾Ƕ෢˾ǺȻ뵽˵뿵˷ˣмƣڱ㶨˷˰ͷӵŮˣȻӦϣһٽ
ٟR󣬶ٟRһʱҲһʱ˵Ĺͷ¸뿵ȷЩʦԵġ
ʦϲڱ۴°


357 ֮



ĵ 
˾Ǻܾ,̽
Ҳ֪ٟRҲǣҪ֪ˡ
˾,ʲôʱ£
ǽ찡,峤ͬҽģ˵ĸԼ̽㲻ô,ûô
¿ܸ峤˵Щ£ԶЩ,ȥǡ
ֱҪ,ҿ϶͵
˾,һüʮ,ͷһؾšֱܵۡ
ٟRЦĻֱ䰡,ĵġľֱȻ˳һ
ֻˣ֡
ٟR˼άֱ,ĸ̽,϶߽ˡֶãٟRͲٴˡ
̽ɶģֻǱȽϺ档
͢,ǵܳ
ݸͷٟRָ󹾵߶߶Ļ,ҹ˯ȥ
֣̫ǰ,ط˵۶,Ϊɵ밲,ҲΪ֣̫ٟRľǳԽ
ɵ֣ʺ,ҷ
ҳ˵Щ̫Ļ,̵۶ɡɵιз
ٟR֣ʺ󡢴󳤹һŮ콻̸ֹ˹󷽣޵ż겻ѳɴˡ
ٟRǳ壬ûϲأһλĽʿҲ˵ʷ̨ܵ÷ʷС
ʮǫѷǱ¡ڳأҲûɶ֮Ǳѧ飬ҾҲεнհⶼǱµĶ¡
Ҹ˵ˣĹΪµТ˳ˡ
˵⣬Ҫһġ
Ϊ˼ƾеĽʿٟRԣͷһݡ
ɵҲ˵ǺǴӱ͸꣬صá
ٟRЦûȥкǶ飬ʲôȱȱ˲šҲûƫãǰš
ҷ׷ЦӦƨ糱ʥҲ
ϯ֣˵ЦҲ֡
ٟRһԲһпҿǴ죬Ҫֺȥˡ
ոոˣɵҲûߣһ֣ʺԲ裬һ֣ҿͦá
ǿһӵĵضزס˵ٟRĸ߸ףƳôзӹΰڳزܴҲû˹ĵ۶Ȼö˶˵ģزĵضгϢˣһĺô˿ϡ
ɵֱЦڳֹ᲻ֹ㣿
ٟR⣬˵˵ǵġ
ɵһ֡
֣̫Ҫȥˣڵ۶ۡһڵ۶ꡣ
תٟR˴ë磬֣յҶԽϼİż֣Ľģȸ֣ʺ͸ڷ磬ϵһ⡣ܷʲô£ﶼҪΪﵣǣҪ˵顣ֻ豣ؼԵһǹҡ
֣ʺɫƽǰοĳ֣ˣɩҲ̫ģϱ߶Ķ֧޷Ҫ֮¡û˵֧ͷġ
ٟR֣ʺ˵µģԳҶ˼ŵ£ٟRҲֻ˵ܸܸɣҲᡣ¶˵¶ʲôģôٶأѵ͹һյˣ
Ҳǡ֣ʺһ¯㣬¯Ʈ߰˼Ӷյˡ˵ڶæݷ𣬾͵׵ͷϡ
ʱʲôáٟRϻڸÿ˶յҶţȻ·ˡ˼յţɼϱд󰸡
ٟRǹ֣֣ڽǧĪҪܴ˾ӣȥ󳤹֣һ⣬أҪΪЩ²ķ
򰢫hҲУ٫h峤ҵŮƿιӼ֮Ůɶȥ󳤹֣˽˵ЩͷҲһȤ
˵ӼƣŷƸκѧʿ֪ص۶μһְ֪ĶŮٟRÿʱʶɺҽ֣ǻҩֵĴ򵽿μӾԮ֮¡
游ĸ۶ٟRǰ밲
ٟRǿģյԼɵвĹء
Ҽҷʵ֪Ҳķ緶Ӽ࣬󣬹Ӽǳ
˵ٟRϵܺõǰڽ٣ٟRͬƿȻƼҲյ˳Ҷš
¡δѩݺݵ˼Ҷķ籩¡ѩȾѪɫ
ԱƷϵĶˣ⻹յġ
У֣ҳռʮˡ
֣ҹĨѪԵϵģжʮˡ
û⣺ռءܻ¸ϡա
һࡣ
һ˽ǣ浽֣֣ǳƷҶɵ֣Э鰸
ɵ۵֣˼֣ȻӦ
֣Ĳֺܺò飬޷Т֣ȱǮûҪ˵Т˴ŵȷмԹ¿һӡ
֣ȫ֪¡
ҶգжһΪ֣޹ء
ɵǨŭڷǹ֣ͬʺԹһıʹҲ÷ֱûŪôЩȥ񶼽вλˣҪô죡
֣ʺϺݺݷŭɵۣɵ۷йϣҪңҲ볯мзȣԷ۴ǡ
ɵ͢أ̰īһǧ
˷ôУ֣ȻҲһ֪ҵģѵƫˡǷǲôҷǵƫǣұȱ¸ǣĿ޷͡иʥ֮£·ģµĿģҶס·ſȥɡֳһǹٴǾʡ
ɵһʧ֮ʧҲˡ
Ϊ峤о಻Фˣ峤ʧ֮𡣱һ񣬲ֳҲҪΡ²ض˵ˡ
֣ʺԼ˵ıɵ۸ݣɵһʱûܷ
գ֣ʺȻ֣빬ݺѵ֣һ٣֣ȥ峤֮λȥְȥλڼʡ
֣һһհ죬ѸٴǹٴǾ֣ⶼ˴ȥ֮λ¡
֣ʺзټ峤ٽĽһɭϣ衣±Ҫϳͷ٣ΪھΪңҪΪ顣
˵ˣ̰īǧߣɣ
Ҫ֪̫.꣬ǧǱʾ޿
ǻҶ
ɵڣһǧѰһҲĴڹٳίʵʲôĿǧ̰īҪͷǱ㶼ˣ
֣Һݵģÿ嶼ݵġ
οЩ֣ģ壬кš
̫ʦЩԥ
üλʽѵĶҲڷ֮еġһλֶҲڷ֮С
һʱ䣬߲
һѧֳѧС˵ҲһһĿţһ˴νϹٳ
ίʵѧοѧõĲࡣ
ѧ˱ڡ
Щأ˽ɵۣ˵⻰˽ġֻ̫ɱءЩԱ̰ī̫ǧЩɿˡԱ¡
ɵۺɱ֣һˣǣ֣ҵϵ֧ȥһȥ֣Ҳ˥
ɱ֣ҷ٣͵ɱԵķ١
ܲһٶŷֻɱ֣ġ
˽ģҲ뿵˽ֵ֧ģ뿵̫ڳи棬֮ʱһаöȣý½֪Ӣ̱ʥ£ԱηС֮ԥԱ񣬱ԴЮôߣֻ¸ټͰܻѻػ
޿ЩԱ̰īҲǺܶࡣ
£ǧȷࡣգҲ档ɽⲻ̫ͬǰ̫ƫңʹ֣ڹٳ޿ײ롣δĸݼ֣Ժա£Ϊ֮Ϊڸˣ˵⻰֣Ϊ˵˰ɣϣ֣ҵõѹϣ·֣֮λ
ɵⷬҲľ뿵ɫʹ⣬޵û˼ĸǰء
̫ǰ֣ӵܵιʱֱԹ̫ҰعԿľ鵽ֻ̫ﲻԣһУ񻼣
ɵǳм̱֮ʧΪ֮ˡ
ɵ̫ʦ飬̫ʦֱ˽ɵʦͬģĶɱ֣һˡ֣̰īٵĹԱҲһǧҪˣҲҪ֣ҷ١
ֻΪɱʮ֣ˣɱʮˣָое㲻㡣
תһ룬ҪΣ
Щ٣ĸ֤ȷ
̫ʦһģɱ
޿嶡
ɱ
ǣ̫ǰͷ׷ء
ɵ׼֣֣⸸ӴǾ֮룬֣ҳƷ֣֮֮׼֣ǹ֮룬֣ĹҲܼ۶ˡ
ʷ顢ʷ̫̲顢顢ԼҶΪ֣飬Լ֣̼ܽ޷˶Ҳǣ
֣Ӳ޹ʧټɣء
Уɵ۲δᡣ
֣״Լ岻ФռΪ٣ֶ֣ա֣롢֣|һǹ١J
ʥԪԪ궬ɱݶһݱɵ׼֣ӡ
Դˣ֣ϵϵŰװ壬;ھʥּعƽݡ
ʼգһ֣ҽõĹδΪ֣Ҷһ䡣
תۣ֣̫Ҷ


358 ֮



ĵ 
ɵ彭Ϲٳѹ֣ҵֶ,ǵ彭Ϲٳ䣬۶μ֣̫ķҲľɵ۹쳣,ɵ۲,Ҳ֣̫
ԽĽһֱãԽڳŻ,пĴ˴֣׸ÿЩ顣
¯,֧ˮ,ԿһĲ,ˮһ,ʱŨ㣬Ʈɢ
㵹˵仰Խߴ١
˵ʲôϡüȩ̧̈,Խôû֣Ϣô
ʱô鰡ƾ˭ܿ,ǱҪѹ֣ҡԽ˵,㲻飬Ҳÿʱ䣬Ͼǻɩˡǵʱ֣,ⲻɩô
ǸһĨЦǰ˵̫Եô
ͦԵûôԵ,Ҳ̫ƽЩꡣԽֶյ,ᴵյϸҶ,һȲ衣ˮƶ,ӳüۼ,ǧ,Ҳкõĵطɩһӣɽ𢲻ǱµôҪôܸɶܣƽһӿ
Цĺֱ
ǰ˭֪֣̫Ϊס˽ɽ
ֵ֪֣̫ľǱˡ
źӣúǶ㹫һ֣ҽá֣ѣزùġ
Խ֣ôعǲǸСѾͷô
¯ɫĻ̿˵˾䣬ĪС
ĿǷ׷İףٟRվڳϣǰǵޣ·𿴵ĸǰģ
ϣĸѻ磬Ȼĳò֪Ҫŭء
ׯ϶أٟRٵһǼݣǰмطĸס
ʲôĸأ
ٟR롣

ڽ֣Ϥϳá
壬̫ƽ
ٟRЩν֣ҵĺТ֮µģҲԼʱٶ޴δֺ
չʱٟR𾪵ܶ
ʥͱŨٟR಻ʣһּŻֺĸо˺ܾõؿڷЩ
ٟRףǲֻǶԹģǸǶĸġ
ޡ
ʲôĺĸǰ˼ȥ٣Ϊ
ǹĸɾι뽭Ϲٳʻῴĸһô
ġ
һٶѪܵͷ֤
ٟRǰףӳѩ׵ĲǼ̫ףԳһ˵Ȼ
ԭҴ˽⸸ʡҲҼеǸˡJ
ٟR롣
ׯɵ۽Աд͵ĴļͶ֮ڣһܿ콫ûȼԾĻ̱㻯ΪһƬĺڻң򼸵һһӳżȼպӡ۵ɰӡǵӡ
ĸС
ĵ֮
ػеĵ֮
ɵ۾ţΪĸȨ֡
ȨµζֻҪˣ֡
£վټҵġ
ĸն꣬Ҳ֣ҵģ
ղܣԺ޿ܣ
ɵ۴׹ٹٻع
عʱ䲢δ硣͵ۺǹ֣ʺȻ£Ҫ¡
˰հ޽֯ĸףɵ۴شʮĴЩˣڵʺ£ع˵
¹غңغٹ٣˵ɡ
ٹٵ£޹أʺܺú±ǡ
ɫķ˸Ĺâ촹ӳ֣ʺɫ֣ʺ߲࣬ͣȴҲ㹻ýǰس
£ҵҷشʧ˼ȥѲ˻ʺ֮λվǣҴȥλУΪ
˵ţ֣ʺȡͷϲһֻΣԽɵȻ˺λɵ۷Ը
ɵֻ֣ʺŷΣû˵
ǰ಻סǵϷĦСⲽ춯ʷûзֺԥǰ£򲻿ɣ
뿵ٶȷֺһЦкβɣʺ֪ܣµȫϣ˳⣬ľ㰲ƽաǱ¶һƬ֮鰡
ʷŭ뿵Сˣʺ£˱Ԫ䣬֮⳯ǨŭԪ䷢ޣʷ絶μһʣҪӢô
ʷʱңֻҪĵʷ٣ػױ¶İ֮顣ֲǱ·ϺǻʺԼ֪֪͡Ҳһ˲°뿵дǣϸ֣ʺĲǣʺ޸¶꣬һֱδΪµáǻʺʧ¿ʣƽϡʺ巸پʮɼŷʮбĳﻹܷأֺò¹е֣֮֮λɡ
λʺѡѡˡ
˽ֺ֪ǻʳĸñ³谮
һʱ䣬Ϊ֣ʺƽȴҲðȻǰԡȻԺ¼Ǻޣﶼ䲻ˡ
Լԥˡ
ĸҲܺãĸϾĸ
ӱĿɷֻѣδŮеӡ
ٟRֳ֪̲סǰһʦԲӣĸͣвһ䣬ʷʷ̨ƹǣŮ˵
ʷӲţο½֪ܼǣѣʺûϵ
ٟR˵֣ǧʮ٣ϡôȥҴõĲФӵʮˣʦ˵ΪҵĵǲҲҪ֪أ
뿵ԴҲФ˾ܣ͵˾˾
۫޶˱յϣ̱Ǹеү棬Լ£Һ£
ٟRû۫˵ʦ˵ĸδΪʵã⻰治˵ġĸǸʵޣлӻŮҪĸһĸסĸذʳסСȣĸûһĵġ־ĸĺӣ˵ĸã
뿵죬£ǵýг˵ôǹȴ
ٟRûַʣ̫ʵ۵ķԵ»ʺһ̫ʵ۷Ϻ𣿡
Ե»ʺҿûôķ١
Ե»ʺֳ̫£˽ƥ´̫.ʵսй׮˽УǣԱ٣дС˹ʮһλ永Ե»ʺֳǧ߽ɴ
뿵ͣʷѧĺá
ʦ̻塣ٟRûзֺЦ⣬ֻҪʮ֮ҴδǣŮ˵
ο񷨣顣
ĸ˽ᷢޣ٣
̫.ʵ۴δǨŭԵ»ʺ󣬽ոѵǨŭĸ󣿡
ٲ֣ˣĸֳڳΪٶ꣬δó͢һǮĸĶΪ߶꣬һƽһЩǧ￪˷Ҫǣʺĳ񷨣
һǲǧ￪ˣ֮ڵѪԵˡڶλ֣˵ȷڳ͢ѵûһǾӸ߹»͢ѳͣÿڳݣҲ˵ĺ͢ǷһвУ
Щˣ˵õĸʲôƵô뿵ѵǹˣٹϲġ
ѲɣͶ˱¡
ʦˣ
͢ǷǵġʦΪÿһǧнٺ𣿷ʷΪһǧнٺŻѪ𣿳ҶΪнٺǧﱼͿ
ڸԱĸǲŸ߰˶ѧʶѵΪнٺΪ˳𣿡
ʷ̫ǰһ֧Ůӣǲ֪ǲΪнٺΪ٣ΪģΪҾ𢣬Ϊ²һౡ֮
ǣʷʦԣ־Ļ·˵һǧһʮ򡢰򶼲Ժ֮ʯļֵΪ͢ΪΪվģʮꡢʮꡢʮꡢһΪ͢Ч͢Ҫ֪ǵ飬ʼұҪ֪ǵ顣
鲻Ǹмǹʢѹ֮顣
Ǿ֮飡
ǿʷʦҾͻ뵽Ųϲ졣ѵ֪ʲô˻Ϊʲô˵ЩϲĻҪһδεӣ
飬˶˵Բһҿ㣬ͻ뵽ˣõĶͷµʵˣЯǣǣǰ£ز
㵱ңǲ֪ĸϲǲ֪һ˽˵㻵أ
飬һ˵˿ǳҲʱηȨ󣬱ٱ߳Сأ߳Ǹ漱չʹ˽ӶŮ㶼Ӧ߳аΪݣ𲻶ϡ
Ѹϻ磬Ҷ˽ⲻ࣬뵽Բģ۶֪ӵܣﶼСһλԱʶĸ棬һҪú٣ù١ΪһĶһ۶ʼ
ǻʼҵ塣
ǶԳӣ壡
Զ˵Ҹнٺ˸λӴ˾ˡ
֪ѧʶѪؽ׳־вĹֱԵϲˣ
ദôãôܲһأ
ˣοޣ
ѵǸʿ빲֮ĸѵʱΪɷ򣬵ĵѵǰοӣãƹŷô
ҵĸ£ǵľҲ£
ټң̫ʵ𣬴δзϺ֮£
ҲҪʦĵΪʦᵽֺǵĴʱĸԵ֡Ҹǣ־ˣ
бڸԱܵϣΪЩһĻ˽˵黵¶˵ˡ
ȴ㲻ðЩɬɫԼδĸж
ٟRĿڳݡٴԼֿĿеڴÿ˶ϺĶոеһ˿ů
Ϊ塣
ᵽ塣
ǰʮһյĲͣѵΪ߹ٺ»ôѵЩȫƾ˽ôЩ꣬ЩʱǰȵѪѵ
ûС
ճһù٣ʼ˵һ壬;ţ⼸ʮû׻
ÿ˶ܷϣҪһľҲϲĻʼҡ
ٟR·ûֳǰǣֳ֣ߵ֣ʺǰϥ£ڵ֣֮£ĸɡĸĪҪ˼밢RĸĶŮԺĸ̵ָĸջ롣
ٟRҲ˵Ծ롣ĸջ롣
󳤹һۣһͬǰͬɵ۵£ʺТο֮£ʺɡ
׹ڸҪΪʺ飬ɵۺһЦˬޱȵ˵֪ܲһʱʺĻסˡ
ٲǰס֣ʺ֣ʺĪҪ˼ǣ˽޷ޣҪ֮ˡǾҲ˲Ф˵ǣһǰ
Դｫβ֣ʺ޼䡣ɵɫ֮ᣡ
ɽ̱꣬ʥ
У˵߻л޵ٟRϣλϻ¸ҵġСıס֣ҵĺλ
룬ǰâ¶ģöˡ
ʼҵĹˡ


359 ֮



ĵ 
ɵֱӽ֣ʺͻطǹ,ϸﰲοΣ֣ʺϢĪҪ˼ǡS
֣ʺһһӦ¡
ɵƹܹ,ֻȴǲˡһƺ󹬵Ϣ,ʵ޷
˵ɡ
úЪţ޾Ͳˡɵס֣ʺĶ,úҾˡ
ɵЩαİοٟRӱ͸ġΡ֣ʺ΢΢,Ϲ,ѹ,ͷءӱҲô,з紵š
ٟRŸ߳ǹ,ҰɫУʱʱϸѩٟR۾ɵʰ׶,һֱǹſ,ͣסţRԺл˽ͬʽ
ٟR䵭Ĳ,ʣʻϵĸô
ɵϰԵһЦ,ʲôأôܣʺ޵ķ,޹ʧ
ǸΪʲôû̲ĸ룿
˵ôһʱлʺסˡɵظԼڷǰĽ,ϵЦЩ,û뵽
û뵽ĸ,û뵽ĸΪ
ɵϵĵЦ˲ʧӰ,һ΢ٟR
ٟRϵɫûа㶯ҡϲĻɵ۵۾ʣû̲ĸ룬ͻᴧǷзϺ֮⡣ǾͬϺ֮µģҲͬТ£ΪӻŮһάĸ´βҪԥΪĸɷ򣬲κʱ򣬶Ϊɷ塣
˵ٟ꣬Rɵ΢һǷҪѩˣ߰ɡ
ɵҲЩʧߣҪȥĸҪҪһȥ
ЩˡĸźҾͻԼϢˡȻȥĸǶ¸ĸĸΪ檣λ֮أٟRĸǾû˼ġ
Ȼĸͻۣһֱ
ɵǰߣǿȵ̧ϣɵ۾ӸµĿٟRһۣRˡһļ߷̧֣żֺȥˡ
ٟRཪӱ΢ѩйɵ뿪
عЩӱοĸ¡
˵Ӧ񰢟Rվάĸġ
ӱҲΣǰȷ˽ģʱҲҪԥάĸǻӸ¡
ഹԼ˫֣ľƣҵʱ뵽ĸԥˡӱ˽ĵġ
ӱס֣Ҳ֮ġ
RΪʲôվĸأ
ӱĪЩɷǲŬǲʺ񣬵վԣұֻܿŵĹâӱ£RϾǸĸֲи⡣
˵
²ٰջ١ӱǵµİһҪáܼӰ췽ǹٵġ֣ҳӣߣҲʾĸҵô
һֱ˺ã֣ҵǰ岻֣ȷáղӣҪٻذӦ޷
Щ񣬡͸˵
ӱͷ
һգĺܡ
ȴ
̫ʦ΢ѩжжȥ뿵б治ǳ
ʷһûһص̫ʦͬУȫȻ޾ѩϵĳҶ£ʷ̨ͽˡ
Ҷڵգһ£ѩЩƲס˷ܣðҺһµ۶ˡ
ʷ֮ж̲סΪ۶ͬĬƬ̡Ҷײһ£һߣʷ̨ɾҵˡҿɲ㣬ôЩɽ
ʷ̾ڣ֪ȴδΪְ˾ΪѲʷ̨
ȷ̫ʦЩƨʷ̨ϴӦʷ̨ΪһҪĳڲӦάȡѩƬҶȶѩ䣬ʧʷ֡
ʷɫһף˵ǡ
ɱǣȴʧְ뿪ʷ̨ҶĿǰᱻƽ֮˵ʷ̨
ʷؿ˰ᣬ˵ζʯͷһĸӲŷѩһѩԼĽӡҶʣ㻹Ϊ˽𣿡
޿ܡʷֱͦͷ­ѩȴ䡣Ŀǰûʱ̫ʦľףΪ͢ԱԼְ˾Σ⣬뾴޹أ޸ɡ
λףģôصá
ڶգ뿵˽ɵۣʷ뿪ʷ̨
ɵ۶շʷδ½֪֣֮ҲĴ٣ⷽʷǲʶȤĵҲ֪ʷ˽ݲϲҲܶӹ
޲ܲʷ˵û֮
£뷽ʷͬΪ٣Ҳ֪ʷǸֱˡʷִ֣Ұֻһ磬Ӵ֡ʷ̨˾֮ףʶȤڱ´аȵҲպаȣǡ
ɵЩĶʷĶأ
ܶΣ뿵пȱһλܶسճܶλ÷ʷȥܶǴһƷְ֮ί
һɡܲ⵱ڵ뷽ʷԵ֮Ƶġ
뿵⣬֮ôˣ֣֮ȨѵԼ̫ݻʺǰἰкηʺΪȺλΪ֣ṩ֧š²ùЩ˵ꡣҲ޷Ϊ֣˵͹ˡЩ˱žˣһǴɢģܵء
ᵽٟRɵҲЩաҪ˵Ϻ֮²ٟͨR˵ģΪŮһάĸ
Ϊⲻ˽飬¹񷨡
¹Т
ٟRڲ̫ã֮ǰɵ۲ٟܲR˵Ϊûʵ۵ȨٟRǾ˵ɵˡJ
ЩһɰR˵ЩĻ
ɵ۲Ůӽ볯ٟR£Ҳ֮ңɵʵЩ׼ٟRά֣ҵʲô̶ȡ
֣ʱٟRδ顣
֣ʺ֮£ٟRҲȵվ񷨵Ľ֮ڣɵ۷á
ɵ۵Ůӣ޺ա
ɵ̧ۿ뿵޿ĿڲŶѹưR
뿵֣Ұչȥȥ˹һ֣һϣһҲûˡԣʷڸʧ˷㣬кأ
ɵ뿵ﶼɵ뿵΢΢һЦֻ±᲻÷ʷˣ˽ģų켺ˡ
ѵû˽ģ
С˽˽´ҵϣкκأ
뿵ûɵ۽һ¡¶࿪£տɫкο֮ԭӣֲƹٹΪӣԵΪĸȡ档ֻλǣ²˳ĵճӡô±ƫˣǱͲһ
ɵҲЩ̫뿵ӣ뿵Ϊѱ档뿵ҪСģ»ǲ뿵ˡ
֪ˡĵشʺҲȷ
뿵δٶԣˡ
ǰ뿵˵󣬡Ҫ뷽ʷҶʷ̨ȷʷҪһǧֹ
뿵ߺɵѰ˼࣬Щ׼뿵̷Լ밢RӦϣ˴˳Ϸ
뿵ȷ̫ˡ
Щ̫ʦ˵Ļ뿵˵
˵ɵȻĶ
գɵ۲δʷɣʷǨα飬ʷ̨ҶʷǾʷʽ󣬳Ϊ֮һ
ɵҲ׼ˣ֣ջصߵ
ʹ͵ʱ򣬸֣ʹҲ졣
ΨһͬľǣٟRʦѷʷʷֱ̨ӽʦԼϻȥ
븮ķ񣬽ëûУ
뿵⣬ֱԼ빫ƢʧΪɣ˹ʦݣң飬ʮ꣬ӦٳæڹΣӦѧЩŮӵ£׼ˡ
ң뿵飬鹫ٹĳ񣬰ڹ廨Ůӱ֡
˳᳤ԣڹҹֱӴ˽ȥƥҪ˻ȥҪѽʹ͸񲿵һҪ뿵ëΣݣÿ̵ծ
ɵû취񲿻ӡ
ɵ˵ٟRԺ˶ˣôҪأ
ٟRԭֻǻʦѱ䣬ȷ뿵⼸в档ٟRҲˣŭֱ֮Ǩŭɵۣ㻹˵ңְŵĶʲôʦҰŵʲôʦֵʦǾӣҵʦͳСˣԺԶһ㣬ʥ˵ĻûͳԶСˣ
ɵۣǰõĸʲôƵģҲ֪˭һһʦ
ٟR챻ˣɵЩЦû˵


360 ֮



ĵ 
ʲô̫ʦڸԱ,뿵빫ʦͽ֮սоΪС͸
뿵һֱӸ׵ˣΪ뿵ѧȻҲսˡٟRڵ۶ŮӵмΪ㷺ĺ,,ھԹ·ǳкøС
չؼҶø׸Ϊǰ,˵ΪŮ죬ÿ´һŮӵ,,ȡ¡
Ůһһȵʢ,л,ǰ¾Ͳúȹ׼Ϊʱġ
Ȼ鲻ȥ,Ůܸ˵ģ
˵ŮˣŮмʶŮԳ⡣
ȥĺúõģôͻȻȥˣⲻɨǵô
ŮӼ,ƽʱҲȥݷ,һĵķԡ
ٟR鷭˳ʷʦʷ̫ͶЩ,ͬϺ֮ʷ̫ͳ׽Ϊа֮ˡ
ʵʷ̫ԭ޳ɹ,ȶٟR,ԭ̵֣̫,ܾˡĳֿ,ëԼٟRΡ
ദ,ݹϵǰǢ,ʷ̫빫Ҳ˽Ϊʦꡣ
֣ʺ֮ϣʷ̫վٟRߵġ
ʺ޹ɷ
뿵ʷ̫ٟRǶӻػ
뿵Թ곤Ϊɣٵιʷѧʵʷ̫ҲԽʷ̫û¡
ɵѯʷ̫ʱʷ̫йδ꣬ʳʼգΪڿΡ
ʷ̫Ϊѧ
ٟRţʷʦǸֱˡ
Ϊ֮£ٟR˵ʷʦԭС£һҪﲻÿɷ֮ˣҲʷʦˡ
ʷ̫ûжѯػΪ˵ʷ̫ҲŮ㲻Ǵ¡
ʷʦ֪̫ʦԴµôٟRʷʦ˼·
˵̫ʦʷ̫ü̫ʦԭͬƣʱ鲻ƢԶв̫ͬʦļʷ̫ʼնƽɣԣʷ̫һֱϵ
൱׸ٲʷ̫֧֡
̫ʦسʷ̫ԭҲƽ̫ͣʦջͱ࣬հ˿ӡʷ̫оʹ˽٣һֱ̫ʦ׽
ʷ̫̫ʦҲæǽ١
ٟRʣڸԾ֮⣬Ƕáǰ˵ʷᣬͬƣʷ½ڸǹϵΣ
Ҷսʷ̨ҿϾҪ۶ٳˡʷֳ̫ܷ˼ڸϡ
ʷתα飬ôĲʹɻӵȵ
˵ÿæҹôҪϤһʱ䡣ʷ̫ٟRһ£ҿ̫ʦˡ˵ԭŷҪţ̫ʦػԼľɽƱû뵽µ˷˽Ʊ
̫ʦڸһλѣ
ʷ̫Ц¶̫ʦμ̫ʦѡ
˶Ҫѣ׸⡣ٟR΢УʷӶԼĴ㡣̫ʦ£ľ顢̲顢ˡҲϲ̫ʦǳ˽Թڸĳ˵һãôǹҲĳһô
Ӧþҵ·ͨ·ͨ𢰲ġ
γ˰
Դˣʷ̫Ǽͬġ
ϲ̫ʦĵطҲڴˣ̫ƫ̫ʦֻ̫ʦһ˵ģĽϰɱ¾̫
ԱϰٿԴǣǧ̡
Ϲٳ񶯵
ʷʦ֪ԺãǲᵳӪ˽ҹԸ񡣡ٟR˵ڸһɢɳˡǹ٣ڸĻɢ̫ʦƷпܷڣʱҪи¸صͨͨͺˡ
¸أʷ̫㹻
ʷ̫ȱݣֱֱ̫ӣңԵúӲŽʵֶζ࣬Ҳƽ棬ʷ̫Ǿϡ
б䣬ֻʷʦˡ
ٟRʷʦ⣬ýᵳӪ˽Ͷ졢ӡ˶ͨĸһڸվһϯ֮ء
ʷ̫Ѱ˼ţڸеƫ裬뿵Ϊ۳ɽ̫ƽȷԹۡʷ̫һǻෲ±ۣԵġ
ٟRҪʷʦˣĹģЩͿɡ²ҳǡ
ʷ̫ݳ֦ܿ챻˽ӵʷ̫ߣǸֱˣ¶Ķۣǰ鵽һһ飬鲻ģǾھǰ˵Ĳͬ
ķʽ̹ͬʱҲ˼׽
ڷ궯ڸ󣬷ǵһȥ̫ʦǿ֡
̫ʦҲû£⼸λһʷ̫ƢԲͬܽģǰͷʮ罻ˡȻû̫׽ɼ鲻Ͷ̫ʦսڸ󣬴ҽвʵҲֱӵ飬ҲûҪͶ̫ʦ˼
˵СĶԼá
ʷ̫׽̫ʦġ
̫ʦֻ˶νڽϹٳϣϳĴ£ܶѲпȱ̫ʦԻԼɽƷ¹λ޷ֱӲ֣ȴҲټ˲ˡ
ⱲӶһаƶѡΣϸߣһ䡣ͬģʱϣ¡
˵̫ʦټˣʾɽ֮ͬ
鹫̫ʦ˱̫ʦѡ̣û˵һ֡
ʷ̫һٶ޵ϴΣز칫֮¡
۵ݣһЦǫԷ֮𡣡
ԭҲʷ̫һ飬Ըģ󲽲СģϺҲǼᶨվʷ̫һߵġ룬ڸʹϱҪ죬Ҷ˵ķǡ
ǣʷ̫򷽳̶˿£ͷڻϡ
ڸһСֵ飬ԭЩ̫ʦ£ġϾ̫ʦñٵģǵÿɫ
̫ʦҲߵ׽Ҫ֪ʹ֮һᶨ
ϸһƣⲻѽʷ졢бŲʷ̫û̫ʦãҲһݡһ룬Ҳܰǰ̶صģǣֻ̤
ԭ˲ܵġ
κ̫ʦʧ˷һڸƵ£ǣǽͷҲֻܴպˡ
ʷ̫ںǲҡڲûᵳģȡʱȡһذˡ
᲻һ£ʷ̫⡣
һʱ䣬ڸˣΪɡ
̫ʦԺΪᶨ̫ʦɡ
顢ʷΪᶨֻԼ£ɨǰѩɡȻǹ֮£ҲԼΡ͢
һٶͷأ̫ʦǵõ˷ɵ֧֡
̫֮ʦ֣ҹپҲԡ
оʷ졢ӵɢɡ˶ڶԳ񷢱⣬δһȷģ۵ʱҲһ£˽Ǹ׽Ҫ뵥Ըһˣ˶֡
֮ǲ£Ҳɡ
飬Գһɡ
ƼɡСɵȵȡ
Ȼ͸Ǿϵġ
ͳһڸΪں֮ɡ
̫ʦѹԼ̫Ѩԭ÷ʷΣʷ̨鶼ԻԼˡ¸ⷽʷתα飬ҶΪʷ
ĵҲ˵ã̫ʦһá
̫ʦǣ¶뿵սһյĳ谮
뿵ʲôԭ̫ĹûˣβһҡͰ˱£̫ʦ˴ָȻڸûλ뿵ȥô
뿵öԸ
˸Ϊ±ģֱӸˡֻǣһ׵Ūˣмֵأ
̫ʦ뿵ȥµΣ̫ʦ˽½ʱɵۣǶԹѣҲ֪ܲܰɣвɣк͢ô
ɵΪ֮·գ̫ʦôĻδ죬󳤹ͣŶǺã
̫ʦɵǲùȥģǰ¾ѲǹͷǴ󳤹ͷˡ
̫ʦѾغ˽¸˵һˡ׵ĹŮ˼¡Դ󳤹ȴֱܵһʴ󳤹˼󳤹һͷãǻȥġ
ɵ΢΢ü̫ʦ跳գ鷴ԣн֮
ҲգӣɡɵҲ󳤹
ɵð¡
鵱Ӧ£ˡ󵨣һá
ɵһæô󳤹ܡ
󳤹һԵ˵ʱϳǽս˼ҸǰҴһ󳤹ԸܣڳʱʶȤˡ̹ϵ£ҪŮ֮ȨȻ󳤹ϡó˵ĻǸûᡣһּ˵Ĺ壬󳤹ѵ˵ǿּô
֮ٳºʹ󳤹Ҳô꣬ЩµŮȻɢˡ
費ô
ʳСĶ䣬󳤹˭أЦ¶ӸοЯӵ۶ְ󳤹ŶǣҲġ
ɵͷһ׮£ֻǴ˼ȴ鿪ڡѣѯ¿Ѵ˵Ϊ½ǡ
ɵԥƬ̣ʳӴ꣬һλŮΪʳƸΪ淡
һ˼Цˣҹ
ɵ̾˼ƽʱҲͲЩҳ̵¡
ҡͷ¿ɲǺʱ£ֻѰң졣ң˼ҹ߳ģֶ˶ϱֻŵĻƫġ󳤹ܲء
ǵǸͻݹҲϲƫĵˡɵǺ̧ҵġǰϹԱȱɵ۾Ͱ˺üλˡ
ϧûиἰ£Ҳ֪д⣬µȷ󳤹֮⡣෴øЩǡ
ɵΪȻǰ
Ǳɡʴ󳤹֮£󳤹ȻҪȥģʱ˵ൣ󳤹һҪȥʡ͸˴󳤹ӣɲ࣬󳤹Ҳ˵ʲô
һҪúøο󳤹ǴɲҲϲɹڳ谮Խ
ԲԲᡣ
һ˿ʣ²һôƸһģ
ɵ¶ɫ㲻ˣұܣ©ң͵ЩȻд󳤹֪¾ʧʩȻ
İɡ
жɺã֮һ̫̾ӵ¡µ㽪Ϊʹʾ䡣һ󳤹ҲûʲôԹˡ
һܹͨĵİţɵ۴Ϊ⣬Ц⡣
΢΢ǳˡ
ǣ֮վɡ
ֻҪ¶μ˾һλϳѺһϵ˿۶͵Ҹϡ
˻߲֪˾żҡ
ܹܱɵѲֶСŹһ۶Ӽ顣żҳݸŽᣬСŹӵŶ͵Ϊ峤
峤һ֪Щ˿ʲôģ峤ЦˣֱԴ˶벻
ǻʵ۱£˵ܱ³谮֮£¶ܡ
ưܣػ֣֮֡
ˣ峤㽫Ϣ͸֣ҡ
һΣҲһ
峤еŶ÷չٶʲôģ֣Ȼҿǰ㲻ִ¾
ǸᣬѽӪɣ
ⲻǵ֮һô
峤ǲùһζ򽪼ʾõģҲ̫߰ЩΪĸ壬ڹһ·ôǵ⣡


361 ֮



ĵһ 
֣Ϣʵ峤ҪһЩ,峤⽫Ϣݸ֣ʲô˼أ
Ϊµˡ
ܴ˼
ԫ۶æȻΪʶ,ҪԼҪԼ,ҪԼˡ
ԫǹϿɵԼˡ
ԫ޹ְ,Լһֻܵȹʱ빫档
֣ⲻΪԸԫһЩϢ֣ҡ
ӦԫԼľ
ԫ۶,ԫĶӶǺ,ԫȻ,㲻þΪλá
ô,ԫĿԼһġ
ֽ֣Ϣǩۣˡ
и,ǻ¡
Ǽᶨѡ
ڶգ֣ȥ˴󳤹
֣ǰӣ֣ⲻҸƷ,Դһʲ˼ѹ,ų
֣ɣֻǶЩмȸ,к󳤵ġɶûã㿴,𴫺ϲźá
ⲻܡĸ˵,ʱ,ϳһ,㿴аߡ,꺢Ӱ߻ȥġ
ʱͲ֣˵
Ҳв֣ͬЦ
ֳ֣ɫ,˳ʼˣ֪˶ãŷġ
˵ߣ̫ĸһȥȫ飬ɶëƤС¶ѰƵͷϡˣûˣٶҲûˣҲʹˡ
֣ʣ粻ֽдٻȥô˸ʲôʹ
˲٣Ҳûλ˸вÿҲæнٺ
¡вҲãױ
ǰ
˵֣ᣬˣ£
šмµø˵һ˳㡣
ʲô£֣Ҳװ͡
֣룬Ҳʲô£ͬ˵ˣ¶ɣ֪˲١˭Ҳ߸ϣȻǸô
ʲô£֣档
֣´ɫ˵ҹҪӲ
֣Ŀɿڴģ
֣ͷĳһ˿츮¶۶˿жˣרŲԤġ
֣ģžһڼϣŭֱд
֣ۼֿס룬εҲֵŭ
дǾ;;׵ӣҹһǻ˵ķݶô֣뽪ӱǹɩǺѣȻһΪӱǡ
֣̾⻰ҲЩޣл˭Ҳλáֻ¶һҵ˽ģҼȻ֪ûв֪һ
ĵ£²ûת徵ء
ֱ֣̾˸첻¡µˣת御˵Եģӱλ淵Ҫֶ̧Ůñ³谮ҪôᷴأҲ֪жң˾ܹܶˡ
Ǹ˵ʲôأң淣
֣ǴԼԸأ
ֳֻ֣֣Ҫ²ɿڣ˭ǿƴ淣
֣ü˼һ¶Т˳ˣһºͣһޣҾ͵Ĵ³Ųס
Ҳ̫Сƴˡǳӣѧϰ꣬ȻТ˳ҲԼǡ֣ҲãǸϲ÷͵֪ͺˡ˽ͬһ䣬ԵģһŲùܣҲܲˡ
֣ͷüչ
ָ֣ᵯüһǣЦŵĶֵ
֣ҲЦˣһЦɢڻģҿǴˡ
кοɳġ֣üһָΪڣ֪ǰ·ȷĿ꣬һһĿ߹ȥͲˡ
֣⿴öãȥ鷿ݼ򵥵˵£Ҫǡ
ס֣⣬üģˣҲʥˣ˵ɲ檶ֲָ㣬ǸƫԼŮġ
֣Ҳ֮顣
Щ׮ϼǳʵںӦԻʼָӵĻ״ʮֻȥŵϹ̲ס˵ֳ֣ڣͬˡ
ڽ⻰ǻ֣Ҳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ֳ֣ţֳ֣ļ̳ߣ˵µӦԣ
֣˵Լ˵ĻӦԡ˳Ȼ
֣⣬֣ĴҶס̫޸ȵȵΪʱһгԺյ̣ǽ񷨵ĵطڻޣҪȡ
ӱȻݶȻԵĲ֮ڵ£ܴá֮ҪôأᣬڶԴҲ˵ﻰʼ£Ҳǽ⡣
֣òҲ˹һɣƽʱȻ֪ΪΣżܻ¶һ˿֣˵Ѫͳеᡣ֣üëûһ֮⣬Լ
һ̾
֣ǰ뽪ʲôѽңʲôҪ
Ϊûһһϲһס
ұŮԴҲҪ֡
ǵҪ֣֪Ҳֳܱһ˿Ĳá
֣ԣڻΪҵȡ
ôڻңһҪȡ
ֻǡ
¸ս֣Ҷȥ٣Ϊƽ񣬾ҪԴ֧Ľô
ҪԵ檣ĵǣʲô˼ң²һֱ뽫Ϊʺô
ܲɻʺ󣬵ֻҪţȻֶ̧Ů
ͻȻ˲źá
鲻Խ롣
ȻܳﻮŽֶŮŪ淣ɼʮֻ
ʹŮ»ٵԽǼΪӵľơ
Ȼ֣½Ů˳˳ģԺҲһ֣ҡ֣ҵĴһǰ֣⡣
⺢۲Ҳһһ±ʱδ󽫾Ϊ⺢飬ֱ֣⵱вίʵϧ
δ׼ɶȥְΪ¡
ң
ɱίʵ̫ɡ̫ˡ


362 ֮



ĵ 
,ҲδŴ󳤹
󳤹֪ˤһֻİյҲûʲôֻǵɨ˹¡
ٟRڹ,峤֣ⶼĬûнϢС
Ϊ,չＸ˷żٻؼңٟRڹ֣ʺһЩ񡣳֮,Ҳİš
ǰʹͣϷ롣
,̬Ϊ,ڵ۶ķÿҶٟR,ʱ䶼Ǵġ
ٟR,ɵ֣ʺлֵļ칬Ҳյӡ
ǣרе,̬ȻٟR˵ġ˵ĸֻɩһȥԼȥ
󳤹ҲϷ
ͷ峤ҲŮƿٟR,ٟRҲ,Ƽҵš
ٟRҲͽƼҷԼǰʹڣߣ꽫ʦ,ѾϾϵˡٟRࡢ峤ȥ
֣ҵʹҲһǰS
ʷʦҲҪЩ,ʷʦһĲס
,ǰ˵Ļ,Ҳһݰɡ
֣,ٟRӱͨ˸Ŷ,֣Ҿǰ,ҲʵʵݡţûЩأҲһɩ˶࣬¶˶ࡣҾ͸˵һǸʲô㣿
ӱҲ£㲻ңҲ˵£˵Ͼǽϰͷһ꣬Ͳʹˡǹ˵ǷӺЩţҲԵµʹͣǹҲøһ¡Լʹ֣Ů죬ҿ񵥡
ٟR񵥵ݸӱӱʹһķ񣬲֣ƽ񣬹еĴﶼ˸ƽʵĶӱЦҲǰRˣҸ˵֣Ҳ࣬ͷ˶춥ףð壬ܳҵҪѷЩ
ûʲôǴԼ̫Ҳá
ٟRҪ˵ίʵ¶ŸʵĲЩֱЩ
˵ӱΣ㻹֪ôҲ˽ȰѰСνһЩд£඼ͬ
ٟRһЦת˵ңǰûɩǰθģ
ฮϵұˡӱȡ񵥸ٟRοϻһݸ̫ʦģ̫ʦڸ׸ҪЩҲ׸ˣһͬʡ
ٟRͬԵˡ
ӱĸٟR˵ҵϲ̫ʦˡ
ٟRЦ˵Ķ࣬ǹ򽻵ٲ˵ġͲãҸ񡣡
ӱҲ͵͵Ц
ɩţս˿Ҳյһݣʹ͹Ůķ
ⷪĹŮҲ淪ڵ۶ģзݵľһʹٟͣRȶŽӱ񵥣Լ֡
߾ٟRԼѣ۶Ķ࣬зݣµ۶Ƽҵǧɡȥ۶峤Ůƿ峤İŮԻ۵ȣзݡ
ô˼
оǵ۶ŮٟRļˣҲյ
ٟRõ佫Сžмλº֣Ҳ͡
ׯ̵ׯͷƹƣЩ˶ͷһҲܱˡЩ峤ٟRġ
ֻٟRµ֪ҵæµ⣬ƽ󳤹˳᳤ҶٟRĳٟRǰ̽
ǰҪ֣⡢峤һ档
ţ󳤹ѾٟRıԺ󳤹ɶģҲڴ󳤹
󳤹Ҷģ֣˵ٟRҪ׼Ҳһô󳤹
󳤹һٟRƢͶܻӭٟR֮ж̲ס룺RǸж밢RҲշתˡ
֣峤ţ˶һӢһӺݻǽһ󳤹һǣۣиĹۡ
ԻҲ븸һˣѾ֣ʶʱ˵֣ұᣬȻ޵󳤹ɵ۶ٹۿ˵͵ļһɶָָ㡣֣Щˣټ·ݴҲ٣Ի۲Ǹ۵ˣ֣˵ʶʶʱ䲻ϵȴܺá
Իǰ֣θ֮¡Ҳյ񣬲֪Ҫλ˵ñȹ궫Ҹʹͣûء
Ի˵Ȼ׳ȥ˽˲ʵԻϲûΪ£ģܲأ
Ȼ֣нġ֣ЦŸһĵ۶Ůǻᵥʹġ
ֻйѣŻõʹ͡ʹҵˣҲλŮһݵ͵˵ʹء
Իһ룬Ȼˡ븸׵ʹǷֿġ
ʶոԻҲһˣ뵱лл
ٟRʱ䲢·ûаʱӰ죬ЯһһĿˬʣֱӳĴ󳤹ů
ٟRȸ󳤹뽪Ц˵ķףǰҪȥⲻˡ
󳤹Ц֣סٟR֣û˵ףȴǸ÷ס
ԾȥףٟRڴ󳤹ߣ游Ͱѹĸøһհɡ
Цȥɡ
֣峤ǰٟRһ֣ûŮôûȡ֣Ի۶˵ǲö񣬰㡢ۣǶҵ¸ҿͷ
ٟR˵һЦ
֣峤׷ͷ죬峤޷¶ꡣֱԣ֣ѹ
֣⣬ѹѽеЦˣҪѹ½ðЦ
˾Ҫͷ밲ٟRǰһһסЦ˵۶鱡˿ˡ峤޹ְ۶鸴ӣ֮ҲԶڿ̹ǵﲻܣȿЦùΣͬ˽ѣֲͬǵݽѡ
֪֮ˣ˵¶Цݡ
󳤹ŴవͷٟR⻰˵塣
л䣬ٟRȥ鷿Լ峤ׯ԰̵̵㣬⻹׸˷ֺİţԼ˵һЩ
֣̫µĶϵȲҵЩ֮󣬻һʽࡣ峤һӦʣµĸٟRͶˡ
·ӤøԺǮģׯ԰Ԥ⣬ʣµĶͶ
ٟRп峤ҸҰϲҪʡ໨ЩҲûʲô
峤ЦӦСͷһ¹ո˳껹ϸЩ
ٟRʣε۶ΣӸǲÿÿ嶼ˣ·ǮӤøԺЩǾ۶ġһ۶ЩϤҲҪ۶ļϡ
ܸɡ峤ĸҲǸΣµ۶֣ץʮ·ܿײյĺū˵Ҵ½ץ۶ʮӣȥҪˣӡ
ٟR̾ǸǿˡҿѧʿĬģλĸѧʿĶôǸ춯صˡ
ǰ峤ЦԭĸٻºţһҶʰԹԵĽˣûš
ٟRֱЦʹ죡
峤Ҳʹ죬ӤøԺӣĸҲˡ˵ǾӲ٣۶ڸ¸¼ѹ¶ĿһָЩˡҲ£ĸˡ
ԡӦġٟR泩Ǹù١
³¶࣬åĸο쳵֮ˣа·˵ǰűײǮġЩץһҿ۶ΰ࣬ǲ
ٟRߵѵ̫ʦ˽ģҲܸ͢ù١
²Ҫ˵˽ۡ峤Ҳϲ̫ʦ˵ȴܹÿԱԼ롣Ҫʵ룬Ҫһ־֮ͬ˵ġ̫ʦ֮£ÿڸ׸¡
ٟRͲ
峤΢ЦΪβţ֮ǰڸľ̬أ
ٟRü΢룬ԼЦˣ˵ҲûҶʱ׸ˡ
ٟRʣʲô̬ȣ
ڵ¡峤ҡš塢ѫʹ·ͨƾٳͨβؼ沢ҪҲˡ
ٟRǸ֣̫󳤴ĺӣԾ鰸֪ؼ沢ź׵Щˡ
ٟRʣ̫ʦ־ʲô
峤΢΢¶Щм֮Ӿ֮ʢ̫ƽ
⻰̫ˣ˵㡣ǰֹô
֮ҡТ塢ؾΡũɣ䱸ۡ
ٟRǰͷĲǺ˳ֹһ䣬ôôϾ֮ĸڣ̫ڣۣǻû׸ٶģǲҪ̨
ٟRһڣˣƢԲͣ˵ǰܴӷصĳأ
峤Ц⻰ǡ
ٟRҳЩ̫ʦ϶ҪҪŶ˵ģЩĸܸɵģҼšصĲǰҿҪꡣЩõĸһˣùٲ׵á
峤ףһ£ԥҪҪߵ¡
˵ݶˣԥʲô˵ɡ
峤ҪŮΪ淵¸ٟRٟRüëд£
Ĺ׿˵ģҪ
ⲻôٟRֻɩ׷꣬аڣαŮ
峤̾Ǵ¡£˵ˣ¼ߵ£ҲҪΪѵġߵ£ʧ˶Եµ塣
ٟRʣĸ֪ô
˸֣ӣ֣ף֣ӱػߴ󳤹ġ
ٟR߰ʲô
峤֣ӹ£Ұ
ٟR֣ͣҵǱ̫Ĭġ¶֣ұһߣ򽪼ҵĹϵԽϣ֣Ůּ뽪ңֻҪԺգ֣ҾͻжɽĻᡣ
ң໥Ӱ졣
Ϊµ壬ǴȻ̡ºǱΨһĻӣ´ʲô˶
Ӧ֪ߵ֮λνΡ
ǹ߱ȨԻŮӰγȨģҪĸࡣ
ҪõĵλǳѡñøòС
뽪н飬һԽŮϢ߽ҡûУֻ֣
ӿˮĪƣĲܣ棬һˮһϡ
ٟRһܽı˵֪̾峤Ǻ⡣ȫаʲô°Ǻ⣬ҲȰ־ܾ׮µģ
峤ûа㽹ֻκʱһ壬֪˲Ȱ£ǾͲˡ
ٟRЩǸΣеԲס㣬ıˡ
峤ЦȰס£ǸɡǲȰ¿ЩȻǺ⣬Ҳ϶½סµȰ˵
ٟRĬ
ףֻǸԸʵĻ
ɸʵĻȫǶԵ
¶֣ҵʹ˵֣ܽϰǣʷ˵֣οѱȥ׻ĸ֮ңһ㲻ʹأ
־֪Ÿ£㲻Ϊĸǡ
ٟRСǰҸĸ˵£һ˵һ׼
峤Ŀᣬ̫ٳɽ֣ΪʼҿǣҲΪ֣ҡҿǣ֪̫Ϊǵأ
ٟRЦֲȢӱ㡣
̫󽫽֣ҽΪһңһ˼˭õǣ˭ܵõɽǿı֧֡峤ٟR£ĳǵòȨġ
ԱΨһõݶ޷õ֣ҵЧң룬̫δ֮ʲôӦװɡ
뵽ĸٟRһ˸ӿǿ⣬һĸµĽɽµĳáµĹҪ˷˰


363 ֮



ĵ363 
,ٟR峤˵¿֮¡
ֻǼҸ̣Ҳ⡣󻧵Ǯɣ޴Ŀ,Ȼص,ġ˽һЩ
峤ףŵҵ֪һЩ,ⲻһʱ˵ġ¿ǱûʲôͬǵµݲҪҲͷ˵,ֻȫ¡صµ,µ¡۸ǧ,Ƕʩʩҩá
ٟR뵽ľ޶ʾ¿ǣ,⻹һң֪Щط֮
Ȼ峤˵,ٟRҲ˲ǣͷӦˡ
峤¾뿪ˣ֣
ȱ˴˴һ,ٟRָָСԵλ,֣Ƿ£°ãҾͷˡ
ʲôõģ
˵ºһѡ
뵽,ٟRü̶ҡҡͷ,ˡûԿתЦ,Σ
㿴񲻺õģ֣Ц,øлһ,Ѽֲǿô
ġٟRо,ЩС,ЩǵСЩ§§ʣµľˡ
֣һЦǻҾȣҼҵʹͷǳ񡣡
ٟR֣⣬ԭɩٶʹЩֻڹϱģڣʹЩ
Ƿ֣Ժʱ칬ʹҲˡ֣Լʹͣᱻްɣ
˭ް֮仹߶ˣٟRЩΨ׵ëϲˣƫģȫûа㲻ס
֣ⲻò¸ҼҵʹҲðһ䣬ʹǷҲһأ
ٟRһ㲻֪ǸɵĻ£һëûǣ
֣⾪ľ
ɶ
һëûͣ
֣⻳Լ
¸֣ǰϵûУٟRôҪָժģ֣ⲻòǸʲôµˣ
ٟRϻ˾ׯϵûɣϷ˾͸ĸ⣬˵ɴø˰ҹܲҵ˵˵⻵ˮðģһ񣿡
֣ȫ޺øУɴٟRаʣô֪Ϸ˳⣿
ҵĹ˵ġ
˵֮£ܹͷ˵ȥҪһ˵ĸ䲻ǡ֣֪ٟR״Ȱαضù˱һȥˣ͵Ǯ
ǮĶġ
һʱ֮
ٟRпС˵־
֣Ц
ٟRʵЩⲻȥ峤⽫ŮϢ߰磬ðҴ硣ٟRвǸΣ˵峤ΪҴ㣬Ϊ˰ɡ˵£Ƶġ
ұҲ֮ġ֣̹ʣҲˣ¶ҼȫȻ飬̫գǵֱԣ֮λͱסˡҲǷˣ֣ԭ͸½á֣ҶԣϣܱвŸɵáҶԣԭڵ£ˡ
ᣬ峤˵֪ҲŹ
֣ҵףϣ֮Ҽһ¡֮顣󳤹ס
ٟRƽһᵽε΢һս֣һЩ˵ð
֣ЦġԼļ⣬ҲΪ¡ǳʲôˣ˵ҲĪС֣ҵŮһжǿ
ҲһſԿƵģʵĳˡ
ҲԺơ
ƾơ
ٟRµİŸ֣⣬ʮ֣Ұ꣬˳һա֣ұض׵ȴ¼١
֣ʣһ֣ô
ٟR֣⣬֣⣬ţ֧ˡ
Щ˼ҲôеݡҪԸһ˵ĻһŵǸˡ
⻹þţұǴˡ
ǣǴˡ֣ٟRƨٟRͷһЦʮá
֣̲ס²ۣⰮûëһհ
ٟRҪרֿڲĻӲҪǿ˵ġ
֣̿ҲⰮá
˵ЩѰ£һʱЯȥ˴󳤹󳤹˽òվһԣȴһ˿Ȼ֣޾RȴǼ֮꣬»˭ңίʵϡ
ɩȣ겡ƣΪûRأ
ٟRعϱڷǹõš
źصµٟR˳ůݽʱ˾Ů¡˾Ҳھȣ⵹û˵
ǰٟRѾӲˮĸǱ߶ûв֪ǱߵϢˡ
˾һϣϥϷٟRĲŽ˹£Ͳˡ
ٟRüë˾ǵµ֪ﲻͬҲԼĳڵСʱǴʺƹ󹬵ġ
ҼǵáٟR뵽Сʱĸôĸǰԣ˶غ֮ȨǴٟRģԼǵĸ
ÿ뵽£ٟRͲʹ죬ֹһ䣬б²ϡ
žϿ˯ˡ
ٟRŮ֮£ô붼¼ֱĻͷԣֳһ˶û¸֪
Щ֣ʲô£أ
Ǽ¡ٟRֳ£ֱ˵ȥĸ峤˵ҴѹŮͽ֪ô
ʮ־죬£ɲܺ˵
Һ˵ҹ˵ģ˵ҹҪٟRֳɫЩģҪһĸɡҵ£ĸһ¶ֱ˶벻ӱҲ꣬謽ҲͦãؿˣҾ;ţƾĸƫҵҪȢŮĸĵƫȥҪȢ淣Ȣ˼ҵҲȾ˼ұҪðɡ
һңⲻùܵ¡һ䡣
һΪáٟRһһ͸Ͻ㣬㣬˭û˵ġ
峤֪ˣعĸҲ֪ˡ
ûʡҾʣйĸôأٟR˵ҪΪ㻶ϲɣ˶˽ġˣȻҲ˵ԵĻ
һ̾ĸ
һ䣬㲻Ҫ˵ȴķзұ¾ˡ
֪ġҾֻġ
ЦЦõͷˡ
컷ûʲôŮ֮飬ҲǺŮɫ֮ˣƢ类ĸͨ͸˽ӱȥʽӱӱէ£ʮ־㵣ĶԴʮĸ֪Ҷ֪¡ɲȻϲ£ͻȥΪʰԺ
¶Ц⣬ŽӱֵúӣҾ֪ǸõġԺҾͰѰˣԺǾ׽á
ӱЦЦĸġ
ֿ˽ӱΣ˽ӱһױʯͷ棬ýӱؼ칬ʰԺȥˡ
ӱ֪ôصļ칬ԼӶģðŻ񡣴عӱ£üĸ˵ˣ
Ҳʲô£ôҲɣӱϢգһ¾ĺ󱳷顣
Ҳ˼ԭҸĸ˵ǹﲻȱˣĸҿãҲȰҾ͵Тĸĸģǽᷢޣ˭Ȳõġ
ȻáɵԺ²Ҫңĸһᣬͷˮһ㶼֪
࿴ӱû̫ŭáģҲûǸˣǹﲻˡ
ӱ²ǰڹȫȻδŶ
¼Ȼԣ˳ƹ·
ٟRֳ֪̾ܣôŮ˶ܲˣ֪ͬӱģĽӱˣԹȥӱ
ӱ뿪Ц˵ٟRʱɫֱӴӿվȻ
ɩԭů˵ӱըˣҲվûʲôġҲ֪ôĸҲ˵һ
ٟRֻֽû㣬ǲķû־׮¡СӵĲòɩ£ֲͬСһ𳤴ҲֻлһֳȻܳþáĸƫңһ淽ĸܲô
ӱһ˿⣬ŤͷǿסǿЦҾ֪ҵģŲΪ˶ŭľѳۣҲֻˡ˵Ҳ֮ˡ
ٟRӱʧĵɫҲޱʧ̾Ϣ̫ˡûҪ淵˼ȴֲĸĿӦ¡λӭһλ֪ʶ淣컷ԭһ׮£˵಻סĻܺŪ֪ˣǰֲŵġ
ıѾá
ֻϧ֣ǰҳĸƫǰĽûˣТ˳ƶӡĸûֵʲôǶӣͨ򸻹أ
ĸ޼ɵֱӽ˽ӱȥ֪¡
ʲô
ԭ˵ܺ޹˼ɣһֶ룬׵Ķϱǽĸꡢ»ʳˣ
ˣλ
ֱλ䣡
ٟR롣
ǲ䣡


364 ֮



ĵ364 
ٟR¼ֱ,ɲΪ
ٟRأô˵㻹ûĸҴء
ٟRѽ
,ʲôʱ͵ģ
ǰʹˡ
ȥ,ĸ֪
֪ϡ棬û,Ǹġ󳵣ǸġٟR˵
Ŀɿڴ,ȫˣ
ǰұȽϲ,Ͱˡ
ٟRҲǸ,Ҵ,ɶҵġ֣Ȱ͵ΪԭٟRҪʹ,ƫɳ£ͰҵĶȥˡ
ôܶأ֣ðһݸĸȥ
ҲŲġҸ˭þ˭ҹϵõ,ҸҪͣ
˭ãҿǸ֣ҺãߡŮ,ȴңǶʲô·ӵҺõĲˡٹʱԲ˵,ɲˣ
֣ôˣȵ۵ĸ֣ʵĸ֣,ĸҲ֣,֣ôĸʹˣٟRЦЦʡ
һҭ,Щѹ,Ҹ,ʹ֣Ҷ,͵ʹҶ٣һɣ
ٟRվϡ档һδǵĹԭͲʽ޷Ҹ˭þ˭ʽҲԼĹأĸԸô̧ң¡ҵ¾Ͳˡ
ٟR˵ߣֱĲУҪٟR۳̡ٟRŲٟRϰ䣬һʹŹˡ
Ĳᣬɵ۹Ҫͬɵ۱Թ
ɵû߿࣬ǱԹ˵淵ҪĲģէէģôŪ˾֪
ôˣϲ£˭ϲ²Ǵĵİ졣ɵ۳Բ裬ʣôˣ
ɵ۵ʦ˵²ס
Ҳôˣӭʲô׵ģǼ£̫ʦǹܳôôۼҼ¶ҪܰǲǰҪ̣Ҫֽ̣´Ȩ֣ҵľȨˣʲôҪ̵ģ
ô˵ġʦҲǺ⣬˵˹ף䲻ϰĲ֮λ
²ãʲôʲôʱˣǰŮӶҲ׵ڳܺ룬׾Ͳˣ˵ҲԵʵģⲻ಻ô
ɵ̾ʦ˵ˣǲһ˵֮¡
û£΢΢һЦɵϣ¼򣬡Ͼͺ¸˵һ໹ܲʣ
ӱҪЩǸͻݺӣмƽӡ淽в䰢ӱӱǰޡ
ܲáǰҸո˰ӱһͷ档
ɵķû˵ٟR֮¡
ٟRҲûϵԼ̫ʦϧʱ̫ʦŻʳҪŮΪ֮£ס
Ҫֵ£ʳΪ֮м檲ʲô
Ů̫С
¸ն֣ұȨʱһҪάֺ뽪ҵĹϵΪʳɲ࣬۶ŮѡãôƫҪѡŮ
µĺ󹬣֣ʺʧƣ
еճɵճףҪʩңҲҪʱŮ
治Ǹʱ
καö⣬̫ʦҲ޷ֻȺϰ࣬˵ɲ֮¡
Ա¸ǰ˺̫ʦٟRǰ㣬ҵ̸£ϣܴ¡һĸ֮Υɫ̫ʦ³̾޷ǲ뽪󣬿ɴҿ壡һ˽Ķûа
ʵ²ֻ̫ʦϣ۶Ŷûϵ
ȻϢͨӰӰ´˵ˣʵӹﴫϢҶЩһʱ֪ԺڼҪ潪ҵǽĵλֻԽҵһ޼ɵĳЦ
ǽҿɲҪΪһ֣ң
ְ֮ӿ
չﶼǰֽһι£ٟR˰գˡҲ޻˵
չ潪ӱϧȴ־Žұػ֣ԵӱҲѣչΪԼӵе
ܿ
ǴҪŮǱҪٳ¡Ϊ²ٿһ֣ңԣ뽪ͬʱڰӱµճҲҪְӱĳ衣
չü΢Ҳûӵ¡
ǰٟR̾˿
չ±̫ͳˣҪѹˡֲֻһ¡׼Щѣһ˵˵
Ǻ¡ٟR˵׼ʮһȥݸꡣ
չʮ־ϲҰʱճ֪һܳ
ǰȥҲȱ֣ҸҲû쵽ݶϡٟRЦͬչЩʵ֣Ǹȡ
չͷ΢΢ţȸεĴҡͷЦٟR˵ǡ
ֻŸɣȫȫЧҹ֣Ż빫һЩʲôɾЩʲô
Ѿˣ깫ֻܲμӻ׵ᣬչǡչ︺ߣռǵ۶һһĴ󻧣嶼н飬չԼҲʶĹŮùҲһۡ
͸о˼ҵѫ
Ȼʷ֮ҵĹŮ佫ŵڡ
ҹ궼ţеֵܽãоɽݼҵǣƽʱڹʱӶ࣬ʱҪ
չﻹмٟR飬¼Ҵ¹ӳס
ףٟRǾȣ̶ܿȻҲǡҴ꣬Ǹóˡ
һ䵽ˡ²ܹˡչڹ£ϢͲͨǰްڵ²ĹϵҪӪҸɢ˵һ˶ǳʹĺ١ⱲҼֵܽÿɲ٣ԻõĲѡͷҲܰ⡣
ٟRжڰմԼģ̾Ҫ⿪ͺˡ
йĺô빬ʺ̫µˡչڹɡΪ˻ĸҲҪסʺĵλ
ţٟRصͷ뵽ʷչʷͬ䣬Ҳ綨׵ġºûʲôˣ꣬һʰʷ˼Ը⣬ҲסҲٰˣð氢ҾС
չ룬һŮʮǰףʮˣȷٰ
չµ£һȡ
ٟR˵ͳЩ£Ҳûµġ
չݸ
˵˰ջйæúչٟRӱһ⣬֮ȥˡ
ٟRǰΨһϲ¾ֻعˡ
ٟRǰ˾˵ȥţ˵ԼҪȻ־ͻˡ
ٟRΪ˸⻶ϲϺȶƣ֮κأһ˯


365 ֮һ



ĵ 
ֵĵֱӸı˺µǿӲ·
λ֣̫,֣̫ȫͬĵ͵ԼΪֵ,ĵ,ȴδйԽ
ٟRʹ־Це˵,ֻ֪Ժ²ϲ,ū澰ͺá
Ÿ֣ҵʹͻҪ,
֪˵,ֵǸ֪ġ
Ϊǰ˵,֣̫ĸˣҲ˵ĲǡȰٟR,һϻΡ
лͣر𹧾ʡ
,˾ÿҪٟR,־ͽ˺µĹ֮ǰĴƹܣ,ɹ,͸
ֻ˵ֹˡ
ʵ,ٟR˵,ָҲˡ
Ǻӡ
æ߶߶ĵ,Ҳһɷ,˸ּ,ҹһž֡ʼ䲻٣ɵۻ¸߰ɵ˺üʫҲʫ͡
ʫҲٟRƫ֣С̩Цһ۾ֱˣﻳֻС첲ŤСƨɣôЦٟRǻϲ˵̩ңСͶ赸
ɵЦľƶˣе񰡡
ȻٟRٱɩֻɩ謽㣬Ҿף걦ٶ༸Сһǲģ
һֱٟRԸ˼⻰ҲϲޣԶԣһһ
֣ʺҲٱһˡ
ڶջʼм磬ҷڵ۶д󳤹㶼һȡ֡
ǾϺֵ꣬ľһãҼ֡
һվͬ֡
գɵԴ֣ʺԼӻŮٴ󳤹μӴ󳤹Ϸơ
󳤹˳᳤ڵ۶㣬ԡ
ģɵ۾ͲٳٟRԼȥ߶뼸ҷһȥġѼң˱ֿˡٟRȥ֣ңȥҡ⣬󳼸ϣԵؼҿ̫ʦٟRȥฮڡ
һЩμˡ
ٟRȥʡʱٟRôһȥңĸ˾Ƕġ
⣬ǰԤϻǰ𰸡ٟRЦе˵֣ٽҲȸĸĹϵҵľ˼ң֣Һγĸľ˼أҲǴȥľ˼Ұˡ
֣һľ˼ңһ˷ٟRȥͷ멣ٟR˵֣Ҿ˾˻˵ʱһˣ¡
һЦ˵ǶĸµˡҲңǵʱɰ벻
ɵۿЦãﻰ
ɵһ䣬ٟRԺȥ֣ҡ㸸ڷǣһһ˵ȥⲻ㸸ʶŸ𣿡
ҵǸʶŸɡʰ͸ĸΪβңٟR˵ԼĲֻѻߡҪңڸҹϵȻֻãĸβң
ɫ΢䣬æ̫ô˵ĸŮҲǳ
ɵҲ˵ⲻϲôĸϲŮһϲĲˡ
ٟR֣ǲͷĸҸ֣ұȣķˣ˵仰һĸôɫ
ٟR´ɫִٵĻָû˵վȻˡ
һŰɡٟR
ٟR˵ˡһðɡ
ʹˡ
ٟRߺЩ˸еĺۿԸRġձ͵ٹǻҼĲˡ
֪֪ɵļϸϸο
ٟRգøĸʲôǷȱʵͦĸҪǸĸ˵᳤ĸĻͷ
ʱȷһ˵ĿǺϲĸϲĸЦϲĸ˵ϲĸһ𡭡
ֿɴڣֻǵá
Ǳ³ˢʣ޼
ٟRҡҡͷ뵽羹Ȼ˸ɷʷÿȥ֣˽Ц
⣬ҲͰó
Ķ㲹Ķˡ
֣ǿʢ̫ãҲаһǻ
ڶฮҲٟRĴ󲮣λʱʳڱֶӵĴ󲮡
մ⻨ף˹š̿ɼһ˿ģҲˡ
˻е㲻ٟͬRƵ飬մüһ˿ͬ΢Цǵ飬ģɨµˡ˵ǲǣ
մû÷ԣٟRʣ峤᲻ƣ
մ󲮵ʲôġֻƽʱӵܣ򲻿ɵ֣֮£ɳ硣
ุЦ磬ľͳˡ
ٟRЦһλ֡
ุ֣ҿɲðɡ
ٟRЩ֣մһǶ˷ͣԵģุΪͣһ;ǰϷˣ飬Ȼһ
ٟRǿ󣬡ƼҲáƼҲ
մ󲮵Ԩѣīߺˡ
ุ䡣
ٟR棬ʲôīڵģ
մ󲮵ͲɨµˡJ
˵˵˵˵ûʲô
뿵顣մȻвͬ͵˶Щ߶ʳڵմҲ⣬Щ˫½ƣԨǰ㲻մġʶӰ죬֪ˡҳ˵Ҫء
ٟRЦеţȻܸԣٟRɲΪմ˵׶˷ӣϷһŲ
˷ͳڸꣿ
̫ʦҲ׸һˣڸһλ̫ʦЯԺ˷ΪҲûͶ̫ʦ
ڸʱڸһźȵ
鷳ٟRͬմˣصͷɲôһ˵ǵ۶һָĲӡҪ󽻻ѣ괺ǵ״Ԫôȥɼѵȷ֮С
⻰ֱմĿ
մⱲĲƽֶӾȻû״ԪסԪһ·ģ״Ԫۼҵ֮ﰡĿȥ
մ̾һ˵ʱҲҲɡ
ں׸ܸɣҲȲడ
մǵʱٟRߣ뵽ֶѴǹ٣մǫԨŸеģֱ̫۲Ƣ
Ϊ׸ߣ͵۲ĸԡ
մ󲮵Ϊ֪
࿴ԼҴ󲮿йɵˣ΢΢һЦʰˡ
չһٟR˵ҿû
޷ԸһͬͣÿҶʮһʮӣҪòҵģˡ
á
ƼͬԱؾӵմҲǫǰֻ֪һմԲƼеˣǸеĸ֡
ٟRп͡huʱ򣬰ոմ󲮼ֱҵĲˣ·ڻ壬ȿֺĸҵڡ
ٟRǸˣƣƣմȥһ̯ˡ
չѪҲš
ڹ¼ңȺңٺ㡣΢΢һЦ档
ٟRһۣĬĬֱߵڣʴ󲮣ҪҪҲԵģĲԡ
һͶûմŭҲò
ٟRǺҲǡҲǣֻ࣬㿴òòԡ
ЦƵػشٟRҪרģһߴƣǸģ˵ǲǣ
ٟRԼƵĽ࿴˳̱졣
һֱδĩʱ̣Щعɡ
ٟRͷϣ
ָʱڣٟRԭСӮȫӮ⡣࿴Ƶʣ»عҪ
ٟRӣҪմ󲮸գĳĶ˵ܿѽ
ֻʦһӻˮĺģʦϣ࣬Զɫģ㶼֪ʲôʱˡ
ٟR֪ղعҪŲһȫҵӮˣ
ʱ˿̣ٟRĻ߶ʷʦ
ٟRıҵմ󲮺ͰգӲͦΪʣ˰ɣ
ѾΪˡޱȣ˰٣١ûӣǷŰɡ󲮡٣ô˵
մ󲮵ţ˰١
չҼױٰɡ
ٟRûЦ°ȻĿ
෴ǿʣҪҪ۵
ٟRȽҪӣûУҴ˸
пˣˣթˣжķ硣
մ󲮡չʵܲ˵һ͸㣨㣩
پԲ֪ܸģĪɡ˳ϲҡ
մ󲮡չĺѪ
һ͹ţٟRǶ˷մ󲮣ұǻõࡣվոſڣٟRմุףոǰǰ˵ĻٟRԵҿ˼ҲǸġֲһģǶˡ
ոһ֪ģС˵СӺɣ
ٟRһ֣С
ոп
ٟRһЦռ˸ǣǳع
ոľŹǸˣȫФĶӮȻûаյ˼ԴˣĽǣǿ󲮸ıңͲŲ˰ɡ
մ٣
մɫ˵ˣŪЩϷ֮ɥ־档
ո˵Ǵ㻹ÿζԨһ㶼ˣҶۡ
һմֵЩȴǸĻȡ׿ɾ֮ˡ
ٸ׻²裬˵֣ǰ
ѵ½汸Ҫǣ׻Ȩôһ¡
ǲǾڵλƿصĶ
λֻ˵ӵƻȨʸ
ղյסղյȣղյĺãǾ޴Ŀˡ


366 ֮



ĵ 
ʮ,֣һӡ
ԪڣȡСԪ
ٟR֪Ϣĸƽ,ϸӳʲô٫hЦ,üЩ񰢽󳤹˵üë,ү˵ܹˣ϶ġ
ٟR٫h,hôϲû
٫hḧƽ̹С,һ㺦ϲĸоû,Ƿǰһ뷹,Ҫ롣ֳԵı๫ࡣ
ٟRЦܱȳԲ·ǿ˵˻С,ÿ°µģһڡ
⵹ǡĸ˵껳๫ʱ˵һ,ԺӱȻɡ٫h˵˵
϶ġٟR˴󳤹ϴ¾Ƶİ,չＸ˵籸˺ӵϴ񣬾͵Ųμˡ
٫h˵,ʱһȥȻ֡
󳤹,ȻǴϲ¡ɵ˵ҲΪ,ǹĵһλ,ǵճ,ɵ۱˸ᳵξְ
Եдл͡
ϴʱ,ǵָ,֣ڷչʾԼӣ価ǳΪĸĽ˵ճСеƤģǱڻÿһ¾ͱƯˡ
Ҷ˵Ҳͦÿ
֣űɲĳӣǺʵϵ˵˾䣬һɡ
ٟRо˵̩ճʱҲҵһμ̩ûĴ֣զôͰ͵ġ͹һ£ͱְۣ˫ƤҲˣҲˣСĹĵģݡ
֣˵ԪҲݡ£żܿ
˵ԪͷҲǿܺѽ˵Сûͷġ
óԺңܶԣһңͷܡ֣٫hhгԺҰɣ
ÿ춼ԡ٫hǰͺעעռÿ๫úңЭҪͷı
ŮǶ˳׵ͣΧűչ⡣
ٟRļ£ůʱڣ䲻ȵ˾ٰᡣ֣ЦǻҾͳˡ
٫h뵽һ£ʣR㼰ɶˣ
ٟR˵hˣ㼰ʱҾ͸ĸ˵ġ
ǰ٫hЦ㿴ԡٟRұ곤ü꣬ҲǼǰˡ㼰ڵǰٸ󳤹ʺﶼ˵һ
ٟRû룬Ҳǡ
չ￴٫hһۣ٫hƤգһ£һʱ˽ȥ¡٫hĸչҲ˵ģ˵Ϸ˸¶ͦģ˵˾ĸһҲֳȥֻҪһ󳤹˭ҲԽ˼ȥ
չͷ
ҵôߣȻҲþգԼ䲻
󳤹ϲ²ϣռҲ˳۰ֻ඼ϴ󼪣֮ϲߴɵ۸ϽּŮ
ɵּ´һա
ͨ飬ӣڶ³
ȥͿʼ׼Ȼɫɫ뱸Ե칬컷ʰԺӣְ趼ǱսӱһĲǶŽӱֵúӣҾ֪Ǹõġ
ӱǫĸˡ
һϵĶ謵ǺúദҪðźá
æŹϲȣܼ֮һĸˡ
ҲǸµġЦŵͷ
ӱ謶⻰лĶģȥ˶һۣڱ˴пԼΣЦˡ
ҪԼֶŮֻԼȥϲϲȴҲ¡
˽ԳԺգľֹΪм
̫յů󣬶깫Ŀγ̣ƻĲӻؼҡ
Զһ¹֮ڸ߳λ೼Ĳʹȥ
Ƿ֮ˣ̫ʦ붡ͬ꣬˵Ƕ࣬ǵһȰɡ
Ϊ˵͵㻹Ҳֻڻʳ߸ȥ泯֮⡣ҶԶ඼ܾأפһȡ
ЦһвʹͲˡλǡһ֣ﳤȥ
̫ʦԶȥӰŭһϵСˣ
Ʒǹ١̫ʦΪ˼ǲм
߽ҽԿкȻһȥʵſҲɢˣ̫ʦԼ࣬ϸܾûһԾƣϵǶΣ
ЦҴǹپӣ飬ƳԵáԵģҿɲȥ
̫ʦЦ黹
ʵ̫ʦپĳˡջ붡ԾƣʱٳԣƱζ
ؼҵʱ䲢˷飬ϴڴ䣬෽ӵ˵˵
ء
밢˵ʱĪС
ŵļͣڶ˶ȴ·ըס˰֧⻰ô˵Ů̫ô³谮ŮЩзá
ఴӵļ磬ʾ˵
оƲͷûʲôϴְͣҵǵΨа謡ڻ˵ã⻰ǡ
뵽ϣʣǱ߿£
²ûУҵĸоܲá
ϴɷ˵оܲʱһʱպฮûþͱˡ
û룬̵һҾ͵ӽ
˿
뿵ǰƣ̫ʦѾʧ⡣̫ʦҪͳͲܶҼԴɫ뿵ԭΪݣ뿵Ҳ̬ȡ뿵ʼǣá
ʵ̫ˡ
˲ںںףֻ£ɡ
ҪǣᵳѶ䡣
֣̫̲꣬ס
¸̲ס
뿵ǲŹ̫ʦĻģ뿵Ŀ겢̫ʦ
ϻûаԥв֮£ٳ£뿵Ī
뵽ΪĳŮҹУ򴽽ǣǲŮΪκģ


367 ֮



ĵ 
˰û, ڶվͽȥˡȵǹʺ밲ٵ칬ͬӱ˵ӱΪ˿,ƽ붡ദǲ,ЦҲ,ֻ밢˵ȥ붡謵ó¶Щ,һŲźá
ӱı,öЩʱ˵
ЦӦ,ġ
һŮ˵,ǸˣҲദ,˭֪˵㡣
һȥ˲ԺԺһǵӭѾˣƳγεм֡謷,鰸ϻ̯ż,ȥ˵
ǲҲƷʱѾ,Ƕ͡ʱǴȥˣ˵Щѻ
İɷĶ,Щ,ΪΣ,Ȼ֮ϡҲûὪӱķͷ,οʱӱˡ̫ް,²֮,ʳﶼҪˣҲ̫ԭ׼µġ
游û˵ǼΪǣҽͬ˵ĻͬŮѰ֮Ҳų޵ĺӸϽŮȲʮҪ游˵Ļ
謵ʣǲ淽֮£
һ֣ûҷĿôУ
룬Ϊأ
ĸҲ˵壬游ĶȻ濼ǡ謵ͷ֪ˡĸпʲô£
Ҫ˵£ҲûСҡͷû£游泯񣬰ҲСǵĵľˡ
Ҳá˵
Ůô
Ҳͦõġڹ׼ļ³ٰ졣謳Ƴһۣҵ˵ԭϷ¶ûɡ󳤹ҪֺĸΪЩˡ
ʲô˵ģ󳤹Ϸ˸߹ٱ˭˵Ǵ󳤹ʡĲϲŮ淽ԶЩȴҲҪ۸ˡ
һЦĸİɣֻҲǸ⫣ѵ˭Ҫ˭һӡ
˵ϣǸʡЩġ
ˬ죬Ҫ¸ŮͲˡת˵£ӳķɿ죬ñȥ곤磬ȥѶˣµġҲΣ͢ôٷ
͢ô
ҿȥЩʮµܻؼһˣҲųˡ˵¾Ҫ·ˣҲ֪зֵĸţ
ҼǵðȽϲɡ
ǰҲÿ̲ʷ̨˼
謶Եܼܵģĳɼⲻ󡣡
ЦҲǡ
˵๬£磬÷ߵķ˱Ͳӱ˼ˣʶǷʢ
뵽ӱΪ֮ϧ˵˾䣬Ǹõˡ
ûĸеϧĸߺ˾飬бڳ齼˼ڵ۶˵һ֮ң游Ҳʱˡӱĳ˵󳤹ĸƽؽĸף۶ܱȽҸԺյ˼ңûС
Ϊʲô游Ҫĸͬ˵Ļأ
謴ûҪΪʲôλҰģѾлʳˣ»ӻǹԻʳв
ǱΨһĻӣ˵ϣǶ˵񻰣³˴»˭أ
ܲǷİɣ
Ҳֲǡ
Ϊʲô游˵أ
游Ϊ칬λǡ
˴µĹѪӻΪ׸鷳
ôأ
ʼõۻﻹǻŮ༸ܲǻ£󣬶ң֪Ϊ˿ʺͣһλĻӡ
ԴҲ벻ʲôΣ
ɼȻ游ˣȨ֮󣬾СġĸĻǸоƷǳ游ǲ游Ļġ
ˡ
ҲԺӸʳЩҲദ
ö󣬶ùҳļ˹ϵ謴׼ľЩڹ⼸翴ˣʺ࣬ɱ㡣ϣ
ܴкΣйģܻΪġ
謾Ժüǿϵ
淽֮£۽ӱǶ謶û̫ϣλǶţһӦ˾𣬸ϵ
ǵ˴࣬ÿæڳҲû˼ֵܷ淽ŵϡ
ĵĵľ͵칬ƣһʣֶŮ׼ˡ
Ū˶ЩΣ˾ܲ׼ô
Ĵ֣Ҿ͸ѣôˣ
ܵõĻϲҲЦˣǲ⡣ҰͲÿ춼˵˵ͷİɣЩСһġ
ɲС¡ŮһҲһءĵ׵ĸϸ֡
˻ؼ˵ϷЦþôӡڹЩ꣬˱£ûиˡǰ缸꣬ǲ֮λ
˵ĸף˵˵ҲܺദֶŮӲſȥӵģɲȥ̵ġ
áҾĸ˽һ˵
Ϸ֪Ǹʵͷ첻˵ơһ׮£ҲˣҸϱ۫ӵŮ˵Ҳ֪۫ͰhһŮ۫ӵĶŮԺ۫ľλǵ䵽ӵͷϡ
˵Ȼĸ׺϶ǺӣǸõġ
ﻹиѡưҵĹŮҲӸߣˬϷЩԥʳӣĸЩ
룬ҶŮĲࡣư۫ǵãۼҲˡʱ۫ã˵Կº۫ʧڱˡѫңЩ겻Ҳġ
Ϸ˴ݳһ˿ЦƤϸϸл˵۫С٣ҲԵʵġ
ţǻҺЩ
Ҳô롣Ϸ˵ǵÿһư˼
Ϸԭʮþȣưĥţ̫һȥұҪҶ׮Ҳܿãκ˵Ը⡣
ٟRĺѣʶ֪һЩ¡˵궼ֻ䣬Ҫﲻɣʹҳô󣬴ûʲôڲŸɡ˶£ȸۣҲôʲôҲԸ⣡
ưǲɵ۶˭֪ҵ֮£۳ˣֺڣӻûǰЩȸۡģҲûʼǣǲΪ
⣬Ӧ
ŽףŵԣԸ⣬뵱˲̫СģӦײɷ𣬾Ͳˡ
ưûӣֻŮһЩӺֺ߼ˣܲܰĸųءҲغüˡ
𾪣ĸҪĸųʲôأųдĺӹ޻һˣôģ
˭ܰô죿ĸҲʮˣѵص
ҡͷȰĸ̫ˡ
֪֣̾ҾҲû˹ٶҲûˣ˵˼ͻŵĶĸ룬֣ҶˣڿǾͲҵ£һܶɽأ
ĸ۾Ҫ㣬Ҿ͵ȼꡣ
ư˵֣أǿԾԾԵƽЩü˼֣һộ֪²ϲǼңҲ׽ҡ
ôأ
ʲôڿɲٹʱˡ
ڷ⣬ǹһϯס˻ʺĺλٟRã˴˲˵˽жϱĸ׸˽⹫㲻ӦС﹫֣ң֣һǰ۾˶ῴ壬ĸף˼ңѵõĵٻ󣬷塣ҪŹֵþأͲΪʱ۸صˣǾŹġ
ưһ
;ٟRٟRһ㶼ٟܵRı
ưƲ죬Ҿһ˵¶ûġҲġ
ĸչ˺ãĸڣĸԺȣпնȥ˵˵˾Ҳίĸġ
ˣ֪ˡҲˣܵɡ
ƷڵѡҳҲϲҡ
֪֪ˡư̾ʲô¶ʲôʱŮԼ˵ģǰǸĸ֮ԡý֮ģ
ĸ磬ⲻǸϺʱøĸҲĸҾϸѡҲǸԵڣһƷ졣Ʒģ˴бģ޶
ưһ֣ϸɡ
ưίؾңҲңŮﲻ̫סҲǼٻСʱ׮ףҲǺʮʱ˷纮ˡҲ̾͸ףŵˡ
ҷͷʢδҵܷϣӦ۫¡
۫׮½Ĳ۫˵ûɵλģʹԼᵨӣ֮µҲȫ۫۫ҲЩ
֣㷭֣ҵʱѹ̧ͷҵ⣬ȻҲû֣ҵĺùӳԡ
Ϸ˵۫ӲϣΪ۫ŮЩ꣬ûҲп͡ҲûƷף˵Ҳ
Ҹ֪⣬촽𣬡ʲôѵġҸ˵һôҲ͸Ʒźá
Ժͷл
ЦôˡЩ۫ۼҲ벻ҼȻˣȻҪر
ǡϷҲ㣬۫˾۫ԺҲһ
ʵҲЩԼ˽ġ
Ϊ۫ŮΪŮһġ
۫ӵ֣µҲ֣
Щ֮ͬ⡣
ȷܰɴ¡۫飬Ϊھⲻʲô£ɵ۵ϧ֣λ㣬ڸһλƷھͬʱҲ֣ϡ
ٟR֪˴£ΪھҪ֣ʺ׿ϣӸǷ
£ƢûõġٟRҲû취ıɵ۵ľһξԼ˵ܡ
չȰ²صǣ֣ӷ˲ûв֮ˣοаhڡ
Ҳǵ裬Ǿ֣Ŀ湻ġװҲװˡٟRϴЩ⡣
˿ǸصСˡ
˵û˵ڸʷסʷ˵ȥ괺⣬ûֵܽ͢ǿʷ̨ڶΪʷ
ļңٟRʡ
˵﹫ҡõӣҲ֪ǳﱲڵһҶٳ׮
ҼǵûѡʱҲŮѡһιȥˡŮҲô
ЦҼ٣
ٟRСģɹǺ⾫ǿɣҲܲɵǷ;ϰﲻ⣬϶ѰһЯҵġ
˵謴˸͸Ĺ˵Ҳ֮ʳˣŻãҲһݡ
ٟRЦ謽㣬лšʣ謽æʲôأ
ҲûʲôæģԺӭĺã⼸춼ڱʳ㡣
謽˵пֻܹ
˴⹬˳Բȥˡ
˾ǽȡװڣҳˣȻζܲ
ʵЩ֣Ϊ謳ٟRͶǸЩֺ
ٟRŸ˵ֺСˣ謽ôˣ
ʷ˵ҿЩˣԭǵµİ׽Ҳ֮а
Ҳ˵謽Ǿе֡
չҲ˵е֡
Ҫ˵淽ҲڣǰҲѹͷϡ
䣬Ҳ謲Ը񣬼Ȼ׽ȻǺ¡
½Ҳĸߵദ൱˳Ǿֹ㲻ǡԽӱܹǶԶ謣˵ǰҪһ㡣
ֺҲԽӱΪȣԼֶŮԸԴ
Ķ£Ⱦ̹ιҲгƵģһЩ˶˵ֺвͬ
չ˽޳ʷ˵ҪǿǿԲϡԽǵ󷽣ԽС
ǰҪ֮ˣΪٻ飡
֮ٻҲҪмͼı
ҵͼıʵһĿȻ
¸̾δλӶڹ֮λѾᵽҵĵز
ʷĸӳԶı󣬽콪ұһ
˼ʣ뿵ʽ飬̫綨
뿵ֲڸϱΪĿʱôʰ뿵ΪҪǣһ̫ӣ
ѽⲻµ֣ٲ˺
ٟRļ̫ӵĺбҴҴ·һʱᱻӵСѡ
䡢ٹٵĿⶼۼͬһط
λ˵û
ʥԪʮ壬ɵʰٹ룬񲿡˾ͬﱸˡ⣬Ϊʹ̫۫ʦΪʹһﱸ֮¡
ĻУƺϲԶԻʳͳչƫ
ȥţǰδң޷֮


368 ֮



ĵ 
йزɱؽ󽫾س,̫Ӳ£󽫾Ϊرߴ󽫣ٻسμ̫ӵĲ
ڸۺ,ǾɱعΪҪ
Ϊڸ󰮺úƽ,ڲ֮ʣһֺܻܿתƲĴõľ,²һ¶⡣
ڸĴǣòԼ,ԽԽ,,ڱȻļ󡣵ʱٸ۳̡
,ʵ͢ԲȤ
ǹƶ,һаʱҪֵطǴΪ͢Ҳޡ
ѵ滷Ҳα׳Ժս,һӢսĹ,Ǹλλڼ䣬̲ܱߵС䣬Ѹǿ,·֮١
ʷ̫Ļ˵ҳķֱߡ
ʷ̫ڸƶĲԸٟR,ٟRͦⲳ,ı,˭Ҫط֡˵ĵط
ǵط𣿾͸죡ʷ̫ܿûɶĻĲ,һȺֻ֪ɱӵҰˡ
˵λὫ켫Ϊ,ʷʦ֪ô
ʷ̫˼,˵ӦǲСӰɣ˵λСսģ˲һط
λĸ
˷ֱԳ˭Ҳ˭ҪۣռǴӡʷ̫ҡͷЩ̵Ұˣûйؾ¶
ٟRǰѧʷ˵ҼǵòҲĹأôû
ǼӶвĵطʷ̫һƲ죬ȺҰȥɡԽԽá
ҲǡٟRͬʷ̫Ĺ۵㣬ͬڸľ飬ΪҲʵġٟR˻⣬ʣʷļնû
˵Ů׵£ʷ̫Цºȥգһµģһµģһʮһµġ̫ȣʮһ̫䣬ã䲻ȻǼѹӯʱڣͶ˰¡
ʱ´鶼ˣз˫ֵ⼪գҪգŮѡŮҶӣзͿԿʼ׼ˡ
ٟRȤŮˣººֵġʷʦ̫ˡ
ڹȻҪٳƵġʷ̫һĽ񷨣ԼҲЦˣ˵ƳԴ£ʱҪȥһźá
ͲҲҪȥġ
չʷٟRͳȥˣ˽綨£ǸٟRƳ׵ӻҪЩ
ٟRмʷ̫ڸôѡ˵ģ¸ߣ̫ʦλߣ۫ı߶ģ۲Ÿɱݣȵ˳ôʹóȥ
ʷ̫û뵽ٟRᵽ̫Ӳʹһ㶣įǱµġǶ˵۫Щʣ˵ͣŲסˣҲֻˡ
ٟRʷʦɫʷʦʧ䣬̫ӲһʹʹҲֵʷʦһġ
ʷʦǻֵмûκжϣһ̵ֱִǰͣ˿γ̡
ңʷʦڸ֣ʹλ̲ʹҲһ
һûС
ٟRһֱԿûסﻰ˵˳Ӧʷʦһλõġ
ʷʦȦһȣǿûʷʦǿЦֻ̾Ҫ˳˳ģ͸ˡ
ҲûʲôܰοʷʦģϧҼûɶųȻʷʦϯ
ʷʦһЦůůģڼӽˣûȥμӣҲΪ¸ˡǾǴˣ˼ط飬ϲĴ
Ӫʼҹǹְ֮һʷʦһֱ·ϡ˼ϵȵؽ磬ֳɵĽϣһܸһĸۡ
ٟRæʵطʷʦû۶ͼֽ˳ֽϻ˴λãڹ꣬Ե۶ҲϤ⼸طʷʦԿģһһĺõؽ
Ǻõؽ㶼˼ҵġ
ٟR˵ӪҪñ˰ˡⲻá
ʷʦ͢Ȼиۡͽǡ
롣ٟRţ˼Ҷסߵļң˼˵Ͱᣬ治á
ʷʦЦǹ룬Ҳ
ٟRȷųҲĶ£ʵҲӪۡ
û죬ϢʹУɵ֣ʺҩԹ
칬ҲʹͳҩģĲûãҲûһֱš
ٟRŴ²Цﲻ⣬Цʲô
ЦⲡǲĺٟRЦⲻϵĲĲ˵ˣҪңҲò
˵һЦ
ִһӹģһ濴Ź˰ڷŲ㣬˳캬ЦʵⲡʲôԵʲɣ
˼Ҳһ̡J
˵Ѳɳⲡװġ
װġٟRǸ⣬ζ֪һЦġ
ΧһԸ㣬ֵյõ¶ٟRǰٟR˵밡Ǻελݣ̫ʵ۵ѽ˵ѪԵɵѪ̫ʵ۴ɽˡĸʱҪһġ̫Ǳʣˡ˵¸زΪ
ٟRһתֲм۫ʲôˣȵ۵ܵܣѰˡضûȥһֱڵ۶ҰɣܵһͿɣŲˡҪ˵ȣȣ۫Ҳв
ɻֵĲ۫ʹ⽫ںεأ
᲻
еԵ˶òҲˣ
˵񲻸ʵӲãܵʹ֮λô
ٟRŽĵĸóԣ˿˵˻ô
ٟRֵҲǣʲôҪң̽ʸʣ۫Ŀôܱȵҵ¸ءĳֻҪһʣҲ۫ȥʹ
ЦݸߣĶ˼ôֶӱء
ʲô˼ģؼʱϹҪӡ
ٟRЦһس
Ǹͣ˵¶ʱҲûˡٟR⻰ڹﴫ￪̶ӡǲɵһ¶ĵ˼ǻĲҩνɵǣطȥ
ɵ̫Ӵٻطز١
˼йˣڵ۶ʳ롣
ɵҲ֪ٟR˵ɶæ˵Сӣںԣ治طϡ
߲ѵϻۣ£ȷļˡ˵ű
ڲļѣԵ̫ʵתսµļѣȵ̫ʱǸʹǻѣһֱ˵ڣԭųһͻټôҲΪᶫ³Щġû뵽ϳֻϳšϳѹһֱ᲻ϳ۶Слֲ֪ô½ڴšϳС۶йˣϳڵ۶ʳسȥɡ
ɵ۶ʱͷȰˣԭ꣬ţ۫ġ
һĨᣬֱͦűʾϳӹǶɣǹҲⲻ󣡸˴ڱ¸ǰϳֱ˵ˣϳ̫ӵʹˣ
ǵģ
ԵĻһŲʹ
Űɣ
ɵ۴ĵ׺ڵĻ۫ʹȷʳġ
ôһˣңλȷһֱģĸʱ˽ʾġ
οͷ׷ôԸ
ɵ۵ɡȻȥҲڴˣ޵ġ
վĸɵۿ˸ͷˡ
ô⣬ɵҲֱ۫۫óʹ֮λҪҳɣڸģҲ˵зߡ
£ɵҲûˣ飬Ǿȥ졣Թʮˣʹͣ𣿡
вУǵøɣ˵˵ƾ۱ݣܸ۫𣿡
ⶼˡ
۫Ʋ
䲻ԸҲλҳֻýĸٽĸ׽ˣϷ˵ԺҪطأ۫ʱࡣ
˵Ҫʹôţ
Ϸ˺޳ңϲģ鷳
ĸ飬ܴܲ﹫Ǳ͸ŶˡҸҶŪλΣ
ϷһѰ˼ȿԡ
ͷĸЩһţĲ˿
á
Ϸȥ﹫Ҳ˵Ӿͳ﹫﹫һֱұϢϷ˰ţȥҳˣЦһ˵
ЦڵǽȡλҾˣ
үαЩգˡÿɳô˻ؾ顣Ҿ˵үңҲᣬҲظҰɡ
ĳ֣ί㡣
ʲôίġҴӲЩƽᡣʱҲΪǻ𺣣û뵽һˡ
ֻεңԺܿࡣ
˲ԶǣȴҲҪ˼̫ġ
ס
ûκصĻؾҵΣת۫Ʋ۫ȴ֪Լǰ裬Ϥ֮Ҳֻܷ߷߳Ʋ˵²ĸʹְ֮
ɵ֮
һΪʹ̴ʹְ֮˵ļΪϿңǷеĳߣҲǳеĳ߰ų׷̫ʵ۵Ĺ³󣬳ױ֮⡣±ҪԳΪΪźá
ĶΪɵۿǣΪԼʾӸλ
ɵ¸п罪㣬޾޷ˡȷȽʹУƾıֻΪ
ɵ۵ȻɳҪãǾôɡ뽪ͣɶЩ
·ģᶫ˹ʢ¡ֻܷԸؽ߾ȫ
ɵָпһعɵǸõˣýˡ
ˣΪʹ̫ʦΪʹ
ڽʹ֮£Щ˼뽪ûʲôϵʵɵҪ罪ңΪġ
ɵ罪Һ飬ֶΣɵ۲õ۫ʹС
ΪзΪʹӱ
ɵλҳʹ鵽ⲽء
ӵʹּ⣬򷢵ּ̣Խʥּƫš
⴩ҫʥ;֮ϣȴǰ̾ǹ֧ŻãȴƫŸ֮ԣ֮ǲ֣̫ʮǧ
ߴᣬĵط̫Ӽಽĸɵ۵Ĳʶ֮Ҳûҫ۵ν
ɹʲôأ
񽫹гƬƬһֱ쵽صϣϡڱɫչһ۾Ϳ͸µǹ͸ϡ棬µ˾֪
һ߿ԿȴէէԸ˵贫֮Ʒ۫²ʹ֮λġ
ȻΪ˰޽顣˵۫һܹǵϲ۫Ź۫ѿ
Ƥֿһ۹ϵʥּᡣ죬׸޹Ϊⶨ޹


369 ֮



ĵ 
ܳԴ,ƽҲû̴ӦôҲҪһʺӵ˼
Ҳûǵ޹Ŷ,ƽ˵˲ٵ,ؽͷźݿһͨƽҲǸԲˣǳͬ,Щܲ˳ͷ
ƽʷ⺢,Ҳ,ͼǱ¿ڵ۶û,üӵѧġǲǣ
⺢ǲ,ɳǳ,ȴӵӡҪڳܳ裬ҲСС۶˹ѧͽϹ,޹ӵܽ,ʱ޹
ƽҲҳٵģͶĶӦ
ҲǳƤ޹Ϊ׵ԭ
ƽ⻰лĻ,ЦɲôƽҲ֪,ҸﺢӶ,˵ʵڻ,ӱһӦӱ,,Լ游ľ,⺢ѽҪ˵ĺҲ࣬ڱӣ⻹е˵Լ۶ǰ̡
㲻֪žͰһ˽¶˺ü㣬Īүүͷĺã⺢զôϢ
£벻
ԭžͶˣ⺢ӣһӿ˽ʿ
˵˵ֲԺȣɶʿҶûҲʵ۵ĺӣһĺѧⲻͽô
˵нʿ£һͨЦ
ȻҲû̫ӹôʿҲίʵӡ
ƽϸյƵȿ裬ô˵˵о˸ʮнʿʮ򣿡
ЦȻ̶ֹһЦЦŵͷⶼ֪ˡɼͦͶԵ
ƽҲ޳ܶЦˣЦҪʮʿӣٻʮ򡣡
Բͬյĸɢʱˬ˵ģҵϲ̹ϾԭҲദĲ࣬ҶӾʮӺüʮ˲Ͼ͵Լ뷨ӡб£ˡҲ˵ȱʲôֱӿڣгϢܸҶһҲТ˳Ⱳӣôôһĸζǲ˼ģJ
˵ﱲΣɷ
ƽҲЦˡ
ʱҲ˵Ȼ̫Ӳʹ¡
˱ڣû취ֻܰ۫ȥɵۣ׷Դһĥ¶ٟR졣G
͸ɵ߶һأҲ֪զô໰£͸װġٿ͸˶˵ģࡣ
ɵ۶ٟRĸһֱЩӣʱҲ˵乫Rһʲô˵ʲôֲܱסˡ
ٟRֺʡʱ˵Ժʲô£һ˵ƾ͸㸸˵һͣǵʹܲôΪ£۫óƲ游ʹø㲻Ǹ󳤹Ҫô£
ʲôϵٟRӣȴҲûϵܺƤֵزĸԣͬʵôôƤ游ǾһãӰ
һͬɷʡĽӱæ˵Ҳ˵ˣ游棬ãá
ǹ游ǫ飬ⳬƤļһٟRҲ̫ˣ游ܱù游ʹй游սݸߵԭҲйĸԭ򡣹ĸΪʼҳ游ڼƽضꡣʵʵĹ͡ʲôѽ
⸸׵ѴҲǵ̫ʵµġ
̫ʵ۲ֵܣսҲģѪԵϵͷǺεȺܸͣĸôĸ̫ʵ۵ֱϵǸʵĹ裬Ƕġ
謰ͷ⻰
ٟRʮֿյ˵֣ʡ֣ǲ޻ģһ߿࣬ǾʹͶˣȻʹʱڳҾҪĸ𣿰մմʹһ£
Ծ˵ҵģζ밢R㾹ʱ򡣡ҲԳʹ
ȻٟRԭȫͬⲢΪٟRǹͬսߡ
ٟRɲԸĿޣεĿĸ˵ĺƵġ˭֪۫ڼ۫ɸʹ£϶ͷ硣ʵʵĵİɣҪһ٣ܺøΪѣгռ˱
㲻ǳϸɣ
ڽӱ׵컷һ֮۫£κⳡʵֲڡ
ЦãЦžǸˡҪ࣬ڻġ
ܹңʼٸĸ㡣
ĸŮɵ۵ϲֵգЦŰڰ֣˺ˣҲʲô£ôŰɡ
ٟRزԿҿɲôˣ
æʣҪʲô
ⲻܸ㡣Ȼͻֵ߶߶ңٟR˭˵Ȼ˼ʮ¡
д˷ţýȥ
δ룬Ҫ͵ϣ͵ġ
һƣЦ
˿ʣǹдʲôȤ£ү˿
ݸ㿴
һƣϾ;Ÿ֣飺
ⳬƤ
󣺹͵ɶţ
ռ˱ˣŲ±˽кƤġ̫ӲʹĲʹģȻе󳤹Ѿ󳤹Ѿʮüˣûûˣʹ
ظһ˵󳤹ؿڣR˵Ļ˵ˣҿʹʹ죡
֣ϥϱԪҲ˿ǰƤ̫ˡ游ãҪƤ˶ܽѽ
ǺЦĲЩôˡϾǳʹʹģһΪ͢Чô
󳤹
̱졣
Ȼһ¾Ǿ͵֪¡
ˣʹһ³䶨ʹʵݣҲ˵űݾԵóʹõǫѷɵҲõȱ
Ǹá


370 ֮



ĵ 
ׯ¡,ٟRں󹬣ǰΪֳϲ
ֻǲȥ,Щź
ٟRһ۽ӱ,˵Ҳȥ,ôɩҲȥ
ӱ,Ҳûӡ
֣ʺ,̫Ĳ,Ůˡ
ٟR˵,ĸಷû
֣ʺ,ñ·Ըһźռ
ٟR˵˼ڲⶫ,ѻɩ,Ҳû
ӱЦǹ֮ҪԵûϵ
˵е,з͵ޡһʸʣҲμӵ,ʱҲŪֵ,Ȳ̫ӻȤ
ӱݸ,ɱ˵,಻˼ġ
ûɶ˼ֲ˵,Լͽˡ
²顣
жĹ,綼ڷǹõšµĳӶȥﱸˡ
ٟRʷʦ˵Ǽɵġ
ٟRֳһЩεı仯ָࡢ˻ؼҺûɶ仯ڳпɲˣʽӦĶ൱ȫ
ţپ֮ң̫ʦڸ׸̫ղ⣬ʷʦû϶󴺷֮λϧ飬ӵλӣְֻ֮
ٟRˣʷʦƾɶѽֺ𣿲˵̫ʦϵҲô̫ʦǸҲһ
ʷ̫̾ãһ꣬ñء̫ʦҲġ
ڸأ۸ô
ʷ̫Ҳ֪ôɫƻı£ǹ槼뿵
ٟR⻰ֱ飬ʷʦ˰ɣ˵ɶ񣬵槼е㲻ߵġ
ĵó裬ٟRҲûӡרָǰ˵黵־һпȡ֮Ļ
ҲǰٟRĲᡣ
Ҹ㸸˵ûã˵ã
ٟR󾪣ĸͷ綼
ȥȥȥ᲻˵
ٟR֣ʣĸǰֲҸˣôˣ
ҾͿǿ
ֲ󹬣Ҳȥǰզ
ٟRϸϸ׷ʣΪҡݼڣʼ
ٟRʦͽ꣬˽飬һĥͲµɣĸ£û£ɡ
üһʲô£ǿ
ٟRٺЦ⻰ܴ졣Ҫܽĸ£ȥƷ֮λҸɰеӵ˶øŸʲ긻󣡡
ٟR˵ףҲûӵѹ飬ֻգת˼̫Ĳϡ¶ûٟRᣬɵ۾㼪ˡ
ʹ¶Щίɣɵ۴̫ϸҲ
ؼ壬ͬ׵¡
֪ˣǰûʱ⼸˾޹ֵǽáйڣ͹񣬶ͽģʶΪ˽⡣
û뵽ȻΪף룬ǰЩ컹˵ģƤرƤҲ׺
ƽһпվ˵ʷ̨ɣϹ˵˵ʲôġ
ĸʷҪ̸̸
ƽţŮˣչǷԺܰĵطޡǾλҲֲ
ҪϮһϲء沢ؾλеĵڳզĳȲҲ÷ּңֵֶҲûɶ飬⻹ÿʱԼŪӣɼͷҲͦ
ǱŪǮϲźá
ϲϵĸоڴбȽϺԼҲ壬Ҳδ
Ͽ˵ҪǲУҲЩţʡõʷ
ƽͷҲ
޹Ŷ⣬⵱͹ˡ
޹鷿ĵģûѾҲ֪ĵʲô˶⡣űӦ¡
ڶջع潫˵µ¸֪
ٟRЩȣǼһﰡ̶ЦˣҲС
˽ޣߺֻ֪ÿ궼ͽ񣬹ʱҲ
Ҳ˵ʷ˵һص۶ڽ£ʷ·Ȱǣʷ̨ϡǰӾʷ̨öȵġ
ٟRҲ˵ʷֻѲʷϽвΰҵ˲а֮ˡ
ЦҲǿǵСηµˣҲǵ֪Ҳ£ʹӦҵס
ٟRʣǳطǰðɣ
ĸҾǵıɡʷ˵ˣʹҲæȶ׵޷¿ٴ飬ʱ¸ϴҲ㡣
ţҵøʷʦĶӪˡٟR˵
ӪǴ󹤳̣ɵֻһһŮȢϱʱͦŮޣɵ۲
ûء
ǺƼֶӣٟRԸ⣬ҲǿԵġ˵ˣһ졣
ٟR⣬Ϊ˻еģЩҲϡ
ʣ㿴ΣҶֶӣ塣
ٟR˵ֱӰһŤӣˣ㲻Ͳ⡣
󽫾ɱǰ֣ҽǵ¸ˡٟR֣ҽã⣬ȥ֣ҳϲơ
λׯŮӣ丸Ҳλ򶨳ȵĴ󽫡
ٟRں󹬣ЩǰԱҲԽˡ
󽫾ߺ󣬱̫Ĳ
ɵ˾׼һĳׯǡΪٟR˳᳤֮󣬴һ׶̫ӱ
̫󣬶컷淳ƺͲͣڿͷϣʽּܲ˱ˡ
ûգ컷ƽʱϲţֺϲŮڶս˵
ǹʹ͡
ӱҲ컷һӦ
ⲻڶڻҶϲ£ֻһֵٟRȻ;ţϲ̫࣬Щ᲻
hʱ˵۫Ҳڹˡ٫h·ݴˣĸ׽ӹȥչ
֣ϵǾǸ޷֮ˣܸɴ˵ҲǶ֣ǹþãӱǷޣֻҪˣұ㻶ϲ
ٟR̲סпУ벻Ҳš
֣ʺʣ˽˭ģ
֣һЦѾȫhˡ
ٟRľ֣֣ۡЦеأhܸɣұҲЩҵϻ˵߶ͣҾͶ͸hˡ
ٟRɴ۾ףµĺܴ
֣ʺףҲáðhѧŴɡ
Ѯʷ顣
£ⶨסǱɵۣطء
ʮ£չ顣
ʮУ٫hһӡ
ʮµףҵĲʹ飬¹Լҳ졢ϰƽҵ
Դǫһһʸʷ̫Ⱦüвм
ٟRҲЦǰĹӲˡϳӣǱؾǲͼôһСôǵ̲󣬿С
ʷ̫ߣɲˣҰˣ֪ߵغ񡣡
ٟRʣڸô˵
˭ġ
͢δŲּڶ飬ŵֻ͢ҪƽңΪ֮͢פȻڹ߾óҲмò
͢Ķˡ
ɱפףοǳԲ롣פڲǵһٽɱ߻ڳ͢иĶô
ʷ̫Դ˳̬ȣȻƲ߰С˼ûĻҲǺսӡʷ̫ƶ񤣬ռˣõЩʷ̫ҲЩϡ
ɵǿĹڸ֮׵̫ʦҲԼڸڼΪ
һûᡣ
οⲻǽҵĻᡣ
ǽ뿵ֲĻᡣ
ǵģ̫ʦֳ֧͢פزĴ󳼶ˣ뿵
뿵ַ
ķǣȲ㣬Ҳпǲı
гλã֮أһǺֻһҲûʲôرĲֵطռڳ͢洦Ҳ
Ǿˡ
ٴϿ˵ӡѾսʣµϴĶƲ硣ҳӶԲ·ϤȥˣȦףҪλػ
Լ£˭λʱսģȻƣߣҳٳûʩѹҪʲôõ¡
ο۳Ҫ붬ˣɱǱʹѩ·ɽ֮棬河ȥɡ
ڸʷ졢ӡˣսǵ˼Ҳǲٵȵȡģɵۼ뿪Ҳ˱ֻüȡ
꿪ʹԼĵճΪʡ
ӣ鶼˵ıˡ
ɲͬͱ˲ƣ㡣
εĹУһٟRע⣬ǲƯıʼдţӢñ񣬶ıƶϣӵڡͬıһù֮λ򸸻ʳƳ
ٟR֣ʻ֣Ӣ˭ҼǵòӽгһǳӣһӢӢڳǰͷɼӢĵλӦڳġ
ڸǰҲ̫۶ĲС̫Ӳãǲã˵ǸӢս֮ˡ
ٟRĿ࣬𾪵ã
ǰէҲܾ档ʷеҲŮǣ׶֪Ǿϡ档Ц
ٟR˵ˡǿС
ڱ߶Ʋ죬һѾͷƬӣǿĶȥ
ٟRмͣȴҲûʶϹ⡣ٟRŮӱͲһأλŮ书ıѹ֮ϣòΪɵɼǿһǿ϶ǱǿһصǿҿӶɲġ
ЦR⻰̫ʦ¡
ҸɲһٟR˵ҿɲ޳ɳͬ׵̫ʦġмǿˣһܱܿλŮá͵ɷʴס
ɵЦҷҲɵӡ̫ʦĵҲеһǿ̨ͲÿˣҹһѡֻȾλסԵһǵġ
ٟRǫϵĹ鷭飬ҲǸиţǹҵġԹհжǫûָٟR˵Ҳ忪ѽ
忪ɲֹɵ۵ҳǿ׳һսƣġ˵ҳǸǷȣҲܲ
ٟR˵ţˡ
ɵЦû£ҿҸɸ󳼽һͻˡ
ٟR棬˭
˵ԭ̫ʦƼģ鷴Գȥ
ٟRһǸȥຮ֮صĲʾͲʣֱһʥͣѵҲȥ
ɵЦΪ߿ɲ
棬˭ȥ󳼰
֮ǰɵ۴ίʵϲҲûٟR󽫾
ٟRζ벻ѡǲ⣬󽫾һֱνͳ죬δȥɱѽ
󽫾ḻҲͨƵ˫ȫǸϳˣӣصҪ󽫾ϽӦ䣬ıȫ
ٟR˵ǻö˾ˣɱ꣬Բ϶ȳ󽫾ϤĶࡣ
ɵζĿŮһۣ֣Ͷ꣬ЪһЪġ
Ҳ˵ǳ͢£㲻ˣˡ
ٟR˵£к˲ãģⲻɵôɲС£̶֮¡
ٟR֪ҪǬٶϣ˳Ｘռ٣óؼ͸ֳٟRȥ֣ң̸֣֮¡
ٟR˵ǸӢûڶ˾˵мӢսܲͻȻðģ֮ǰΪûἰأ
֣˫ǣһֱΪڱ߾սӳӦ鱨ʧһֱսǹӢ
ٟR鱨ʧ
֣ףӢٽ賿ݣ֣Ƿڲİ̽ܡӢûмٽ賿ݣһֱûеõй鱨ǰ̽⡣
ٟRĵһʱ񲻸Σˡ
֣˿ǳΣա
ٟRҪô죿
֣۾̾˿˸󽫾ţҵƶϸ²ƣڶӱߣʱɱݡ󽫾ɽʱɱϵͳҪ󽫾ȽΣգƻеĸΪѣǧΣգһд΢Ĺأ
ٟRʣó󽫾յİ취
֣ҡͷûСֻܿı˵ˡ
ٟRʱȥҲһ
ٟR˵ҵǼ˾ȥģûӦ
֣֮ж̲סЦˣԺü¡
ԺҲ˵ٟRǾ֣ڵ֮꣬˷ѡϧ˵˲㣬Ҳû׼ܸ֣ҡ
ٟRʮֵǳ󽫾ڳΪ󽫾ֲܴȥɱ죬Ҫʱƽѡһǳ֮󽫣Ҳ᲻ɱһǴöɡ
ٟRҡͷһعȰȰʡJ
֣缸˸һ֣һֶҪ
ٟR֣磬֣Ȱס£ͲǳˡȰסġ²Ҫù¾Թۣѧϰ顣ѵһôĿδһְ
֣ڱǺ£²һ֮ɱжϡ£Խ֮ӡ
ٟRû뵽֣ĻҲǹҵǳջдɣ
ֻԼĵģѵ²ôҲֻԼжϣڸٹٸе²֪鱨µжѵͲ׼ȷô֣˵£⵱ȻǺ£Բ˳ǹԶԱ˵ԼǷĽ飬ǱԼ¡
֣΢һǷˡ˽Բ֮Ӳһǵµɡ
ٟRܴǵսʧ
֣ףԹ۰ɡ˵ֵ֣ܱ꣬ȸǳȥˡ
֣ڣٟR˵Ǻ⡣˾ôˣҲ˵
֣º侲˵ĻҲͬҲΥµ⡣
֪Ǵҵ⣬һսʧٟRѹǿǻ
֣ɫٟR۾£ģѣȷΡ֡λˡ
ٟR̾ǵ˼ֻǲ뿴ô
ʾľȷʼΪҵжϸ׼ȷ˹ģٟRͬʱҲǿš
ǾĿԴɡ֣Ҳ̫ս£
Ϊʱ
֣ˣҲˡ
֣£֣ҪЧҵˡ֪ȰGʱҪǵѡȻףȷľɡ
̫һֱġ
ĸ
ĸĸôأ
ĸôʵľ
ĸҵλãĸôأ
ĸɱ֪࣬Թߵ£ֱơ
ĸһֱȨԵ¡Щ̫ƽ
ⲻȰģԼ˵㣬ԼɽеҲĸ͵Ľ
ٟR룬Ҫô
Ըڸ֮λɲ۸ʻֳûҵ
ӵ˱ʰչ֮㴦ơ
Ҫô죿
ҪһλϽϤʿȥϤڹƽѣһУŵس˽
Ҫô죿
ٟR·𿴵ǰ޾սȼղѪˮĿɱӿ۶ǡ
ȷľ
ĵԱҪʹľ񣬵ǻȷľ
ĸ˵
ȷľ
ٟRüһ˿գǶ֣һԼжϣ˵ĶԣӦɸʾϡ
󽫾һҪȫ
ս⣬޿κΡд˽֮˶ܵӦ
һڹеȴĻᣬҲñ߹ĵķʽĲܣҪó͢ҵ
ǲҪ׶԰󽫾Ҫ͢
һգȥ٣Ժͻ
ЩųһɨգٟRֻľοգؿʹޱȣҵ־Ҳ¡
֣⹧һǷشǼޱȡǡ


371 ֮



ĵһ 
ع,ٟRûټõıԼڳԭ뵽ฮһˣ밢հʷӦûûٳ
ʵҲٟRԤ, ڶ,չˡ
չһĻ԰,Īԡ
֪ģ䵣ս,Ҳ״˵Ⱦµɳ͢ɸĵѽԼжϸ֪,㹻ˡ
ٟRɫƽ,ȫչеļǡչϸµĴٟR,鹫֪꣬жơ
ٟRЦ,ʲô֪Ϊ㲻ΪѵҪͣ߶߶Ǹķһ¸㽲,϶Ԥϵ˵˲¡
Ȼ,չҸҲ˵Ƚӳ֮,ɼǾСľУҳǰһ,ɱƱԤлҪϾ
,,ԤеΣܸ֪󽫾󽫾һȥ,,ҵ伫,ΪҲЩˡ
·ģұת游ס
չ̲סһ̾ȰٟRҲۡ¾ӵΨбµʥ͡
ٟRǹ˹ת˵ҵжתº֡
չٟR⣬ס
ʷҪǵĹ̫ս£·֮£δԴ£ʷ﷽
ʷ游ҲܵǣֻǱˣҲû취
ٟRʣºô˵
๫˵ڸǲͬģֻ̫ʦѧʿһų˽Ҳ۹ɹ͢ҲӡǸ֮أĻϵĺôЩҲСӲӵġγʵǸӲӴ̡
ʷɻ仰˵ӲȨػӱߡֻӲӱ̫Ӳ󽫾ʰס򷽽ԺáʰסҳҪɱսµ׼ˡ
ٟR޵ºֹȻмʶ
ԭȥȥвᶫ䣬Ҳû˵ǡæ󽫾£֮ܵٸºַšʷ°ģҳ󽫾ı죬ƽġ
Ҳˡ
ٟR˾ǵֺĸȡ˿ףȥҡ
ɵ۶ڳ󽫾֮Ҳʹ֣ͣʺʹ˳ҩģֺʹ͡
Ҳһʹ͡
󽫾ʽڰ֮󣬴󽫾ߺ󣬳ͻعٟRЩɫӲкá
󽫾ȸһλصĳ̴󽫾
µף״󽫾ǹٹɵ޹ֻ˰״󽫾ĴǱһλĴ󽫾
£ºڽ˸ŵķɡǽһſտУ͢ʵְ
ֵһǣȻºֵտУϯ̫ʦ̫͢ʦѧϰ
񲿣ǳ꣬ȻҲܺã˵ڸСڸ£Ҫźá
謾ŵܵⵣǱ߶մǴµĲܱܵĽҲġ
ȻˣҲֻһĽ˶Ľġ
ʣ𣿡
ȻˡҲˣ뵽ǰ裬Ļ̲סҪ¶һġ
һҲЦˣݻòϵȡĽ£ʶʱ򣬹СǱʶ;ŹСûⷽ
ʵҲʮء
һ˿죺һֱû˵Ҫ׵Ϣ
δ˼붡һΪҵвһӡֺϲʹͷ񣬻ʼҴϲ
ɵ۾һλݣң̫Ӿ˼ңҲӦͲǡ
ɵ顣
λݣˡڲᶫʱ򣬳뵽ˡʹֵĲɿ¾ʹˡ·ģλΣ
ɵ⣬ǵ޶꣬ǲףس֮
Ȱ£һ˵ʹδΪɣڳУ֮λҲΪԵģһΪɽƣ֣Ҳһ䣻ƾĸݣġϴʧ˷ʺĻᣬ̫ʦֶԳ񣬳ʹ֮λ̫ʦҪԻʹ֮λ淸յ»˽˽ģʹҲһġ£Ҫ󳤹ӡίһɡ
ɵ뵽ңΪǫѷȷҪ˼ɹ⡣
Цǳձϱ
ɵףˡ
ϲ£һʮԸ⡣ֻ￴ڳ鱣ϣҪƽϳҵ˽Թźá
ɵݸ˵Ϲġؿ㣬ˡ
ǳͶ˵һΣ
ɵۺЦʲô£
̾ԭǳ֮£Ҳֻ˵ѡŶд̼˾߶ֻĪ֮¡ұϾǶĸ壬Ϊƣˡ
ɵʣǲ˾ͻġ˾Ҳίֲ̼ɹ
Ҳϣˡ΢΢Ƿ뿪
ҷ֮±һɵ۾ûᡣѯ˵Щֲ̼ãµġǸЩ裬ֵİ˲˳͢£˾ߵЩ
ɵ۱δʡ
ڶգϱֺΪĸֺ֮λݡ
λһǺ󹬵£ǰۡΪһ飬Ȼı֮¡̫֮ĸҲܡ
Ƕĸһʱ䣬˿̫Ҳ˵̫Ļ
̫ʦ˵˾䣬˺£ǹ
˽¡˾ƣ̫ĸͬУƣԹλ𶫹֮ĸ
ɵ׼ࡣ
ǣС¾δӭĽ
һʱͷ
ֻλɵһӦȴǰʹǹҲֻһ߶ѡ
С¾ƣʼҰʢ⺢ӻ᳤ɵ۷·˸ӰɵԲμС¾ƣп뵽갢ʱ¡
ɵϣ⺢ӱȰĺã¡
߶˷׷׵ǰ̫ˡ
üë۾һģӿ̳ġ
˵Ҳ
ʵٟRòɵԵģФĸЩġɵ۵Ҳƫ˹ģʶ˵ĸо
ٟRٿƸɵۣͬǣٟR϶䣬鶯ʱУڸƫˡ
ٟRСһۣСʱô
Ц㲻¾ˣи׳ʵССɵȡģи
Ҳ˵ССһǻܵġԽԽ׳ʵˣڹð
ٟRԵһЦ
С¾ƺɵ֮ġ°ܵ鶼סˣ£ʲôأܲС塣ǰʳｵҲֻǴʹ󳤹𲯶ѡ
֪ɵ̾꣬Щԩġ
һЦºð졣Һԩ̲֮ʵԩҪΪƽƽ󣬾λɴͻ
ɵЩΪѣɵİĸնġ
ҲöԩԵ൱ˡҳԩأ
ȻҲͬ¾ôˡ
׼úԩ֤ݡ
ɵһ㶣֤ݣ
鿴ɵ۵Ϊѣü΢û֤𣿡
ɵۺϾ鶼ȥˡ
ǳ԰ݲҪἰ¡ɫ˾˰˾ڶڸ󣬾Ƿ顢顢ˡһ˵ǵһ׮ԩ䶼ûȷ֤ݣôһӳȥأ
ɵһ˵޿ûҪλ˼
źˣ²Ҫô
Ȼˡɵף뿵ãҲܸɣȴ˽أų켺ɳ͢ҪһЩֱˣɵ۵ֻʹҰˡ
Щû񣬡Ǳ¾ӵЩʵȱϷ˸ھֻҪС壬ôͶС
ɵۿ޾ɵ̲סЦҲøͬźͻһǶǳж
շϣǺͻôͻ²ȰˣЩѻΪ飡
ɵΣ˰ˣҲǿ㡣
ΪɵûиڸѪ˼ʧ䣬ǳ͸ˡ
ҶʵȱգɵϷΪĸ壬ӷⳬƷھJ
Ǹм㡣
ɵ۶ҵƫΣҲԵ͹ȷԺգʤ
˼ʣһС͵԰
ⰸӺСҲӣһ㣬Ϊһöл֮δĹб꼣
ңݲܳ裬öҲһ۾ʹǲдпǵǹнǹٹ֮
ʶһ׮󰸣
δţ֣׷ӰȻǣһ׮ӦϵƷĴ
Уֵ֣̫֮أ𾪳Ұ
صٟR֪£ҲʮŭҪʷ̨˾һ˰Ŀ¼ȫֺΪܵĿ
аأп֮ˣᡢģ


372 ֮



ĵ߶ 
ٟRǸС,϶¶ͦ󷽣ڸѧӼӣߵ,ÿҲʹ͡
˵Ǯû,෴ٟRԼĶĺ,̫ţϤٟR̫,ֻõصıȨ,ΪٟRԸԼܡ
,˸ҶĶ
ĸģ
ٟR,ʱ㽫֮ϤץȻǱȶĿ¼,ױ͵˶١
ȰٟRϢһϢŭﶫҲжоɵ۵ĶҲʧԡٟRֱ˵,Ҳô,ҵĶô׵Ĳĸҵģһ鵽ףͶԲĸ֮飡
ٟRҪ飬һ,ûΣ˺ö࣡
,Լٻ,ɵӵģ
ɵ۹˲Լ˽ʧ¼,ȵĸ,ٟRŭԸ׵,˽Ķƽױ͵ȥ͵,˽˶ʲôҩǺã±Ҫس͡
ɵһҲ֣ʷ̨˾ϸ飬ҪЩĹ֮ڷ
ľһޣڰסļ尾Ѷİͬӽˡ󾪣ĸôðRĶʹңǻĸRģ
ӣ㲻֪˾ĸЩļѡҲ벹Щжٶ̫µĻǻʼҵôҲǸˣҲҲ׾˾ô
軹Ƿֵģ˼ҹȻһáգҲöRĶ㲻˵ﻹЩ
㶼ȢϱˣлҪҲࡣRʲôǮĵطٶͷׯҲ룬һʱҲòЩ
ͷΣɴĸףô죿ΪĶǱ͵ģ֪
֪ҪΣŽһ뷨ӡҲܷٟRƢüչ̾Ѿͷ֪ôġ
ʲôӣ²ŸʣǸ˵ɡ
û㸸ʡôܽаRŲźá
Σȥ˵˵²ð졣
ȥҸ˵׮£ɵþҲǰ̾ĸҲǹǰ˺͵͵£Rְܷ
ɵһ̾ʲô°ϱ͵͵ѹŮĶңΪʧԣֵ֪
Ҫд֪ʼûˣ
Ÿһ̾ɲôʲô°
ɵҲٟRŭһۣҪȥR˵˵ްѶϡ
룬ԵRһô⣬ЩĸġҲĸµĶRɡ
ɵ۵ôŶУǧִȥʷ̨˵һ˵¹عǣ˰ƽ˾ȫȨ顣J
֪أǶȥʷ̨
ȥɡ
ʷ̨ӵ̫״Ļʵ۱µĿͣҲֻʷΪǰһ飬Ȼ˾𣬳ʷ̨йعľڽӡ
ˡ
֮֡ʷ̫ӳš
󰸷Ŵȥʷ˲ôˣⰸӶһˣôܽ˾֮ǰĹ򲻰׷ˣ
ʷ֣²һֱ˾ô±Ͳأ˴βǹڷ˾ͬ󡣼ȻҪֿǾͷֿ¡Ӱⷸ
ɿԭ¹ٻΪӶƽ˾ء
˾ƹ£ܲȥɣץ
ǡȥæˡ
ʷһͷ칫
ȥµ·ϾͷܵûᱬҲ˾ֻ֣ȥ
ûµͱС̴¿ȥֺɡﳳˣ»ʺȥˣ
һ֪鲻ãǽаR֪ˣһ°ڣֺȥ
ȻֺһƬң̹˹һء
ٟRûըֽ棬ҽͰѻ£ĸҵĶ˭ܶҼЩԭҾ˾ȥң˭Ҫ˵ҰѶ˭ǵ֤ݣҴûĸĶ͹κˣ춫ز˭ҷ֣Ǿߣ
˭ȰҲҪ׷ǾȥĸǰĸǻʼҵТģ
ٟR˵ʹˡ
ûغµٹȥˡٹΪã͵סˡƣĸѶиңȴûػãʹĸ֮ﱻԣίʵ˸Уڷøĸ
ٟRߺ֣ʺҲˡ
ɵۡˣɵۿʵʹ˶٣һĻһ
һתϿʲôôĵСԩң
Ҫɵ˵Ҳˡ
°οĸֻ֮ƣ˰õĶʵҲûԵķӡ
ֻ˽ֳͬˡ˵֪ʹңȴ֪ЩǱŹõģ˵Ĳˣôܶù˽ʲôˣ
ʣĸҲЩ꣬ĸ׵㻹֪ôҪЩ̫Ҳʲô£RкЩģͼĸ׿ôˣûĵѾͷΪЩײˡ
ͨ죬˵ˣͻؼң̽
̻ظ֪¶ϲţˣ˽ĸ׽ġϷߣʲô̫Ķ̫ѵǹģǹģ͵ãＴ͵ãյã
޼ľ֣̫ǰİһֻ
֪¶ϲĸѵҪΪУóȥ˱Ƿǣĸⶫס
ϷüǱٹ̵ⲻ֣Լң֣ϡôҪĸ
ĸ׸Ͻյӻȥɡô»ûֵãȽаٹ֪ҵ滹ҪҪø˹ѵҪ´ô
ϷЦʳﲻɣڲ壬ǲТ
˼ѵ˼ңĸԺ󶼲ˣҲڳˣ¹Укκô
ϷһӣնˣͻȥҲ̫ˣ
ĸף˲ˣ
ϷҲ֪ٟRңٟRëˣҲ̲ôؼǹŮڻֻǹպ̫ӵǻһܰôţ
Ϸǣ룬ʹࡣȰѵҳ
ϷӲͦ졣
ؼЩǺöղصͦáֻǶ˺Щӣ񻹻ȥίʵ᲻á
ɲҲУӻظʱѾϢ˵̫֮ʧԣԾܣػ̫֮ѵٹȥˡ
ټٹ٣һʰٹ٣ǵĸĸź󣬶ҪǶˣҪθĸԸο֮顣
ŵĶûȵڶ죬㶼ͻֺˡ
üһʮĶ
ٟRһû˯Ϳ˾Ϲ֡˾ǵ˱һһĶԱȣԱ֮󣬻ʧˡٟRɵۣ˵һ߲Ͻ
ɵ۴˳ӣԽ࣬ŰRȥĸһ٣ٟRȥɡġ
ٟRŸֳȥѵµĴǼ̫ӹԹ񡣶˵ԶԶģʷ̫Цֲ͵ģôԶ
ŲǰŹԶȥıӰпģҵı㡣
⻹ǡͬ⻰ۿ˳ִĵͷϼ㣬һ⣬ⲻҲװ棬֪Զ㡣
ףۻƱ䣬Ƕ顣
ҺǷһԸɣЦҲȷǷ
̳λ󳼽λڸеѵµǰ
ֺ
ҲԩУ˽ʹ͸ҵ񵥶ҳٟRȥԣԼȥ԰ɡҾô࣡˵Ҫ㣬Ǿǻ㣡˭¼ɣJSG
ٟRӽ˾˾ȥ죬˾ǶԲϣǾȥǣ
˵Ҳɫתߡ
ȣҲٟR޷
˾ԹĿƷʶˣʣµĿֺĹ͵Եġ˾Թ˵ʣҲܶԵϡ
˲͵ĶĶҲ͵ࡣ
ɵǱҲһ
ʷ̨æ׷Ҳи۶׷ˡ
£Ҳ˷
Ҷ̾Ϊֹ¶͸һ˼ҲôܰѹĶ˽ʹ͸أ
һŮ۶ʱһǧɡ
ŮȢš˵żҵĶ׹Ů˽ҵڡ
⻹ֻǸ檣ȢҪĸġ
üһٴҲܲסѽ
ԭ̸õļ׮·׷׸洵ԺգҲմ⣬øڵȥġ
ڹ淣˻Ȼ˸۸ɴҲţ淲ҲѶĶ⵹ڹɣ
ӱĶʧ֮£ҲŮһ¶˽⣬͵֮¡
ò˵ӱܼһǺһֵģ޴¡
һͨ죬ίʵձп˵
ٟR߶أٟRûٟRĻ˵־ķҡ
淵Ͳȥ
ٟRѸֺĶغµҪԼšأɵ۶ûˡ
໹ȥĸףʷ̨׷ʧ԰ֱӲ鵽ĸּҡһأ͵󻧡
Ҳ֪һЩСС̣ĵӣҲò˽Կףû·ӽ˽˳
иʹġ
˲ˣֺˡ
ּ˽ᣬׯ԰̣ﱲ˹٣Ѱٻ˼Ҷ֡
͵
ָ鼫֣̫֣̫͢ź̰˻˴ΰӲ鵽֣ľε᲻ĸ
ɴίʵ̫͵̫֮ɵĸײȴøТֱӴ֡
Ҷˡ
ٵϻ̰֮£һǧֱӿͷ
ǣ͵·ߣǣҲ͡ҲӲͲڸڣҾϽˡ
ʷֱӰҴŸˣдѲﷸ֮ҡ
𣬻Сһһͭ࣬ĵǰ֡
ִҪɢССһ˰һ£ԭɵŹʷ̨참ٱ
һˣ̻Ÿ״ǵ˱ҴˡǾһۣʣǷ𣿡
ʷ̨꣬Ƥʵ¹Ƶ£úܲס˶ġ
Ǿֱ֣Ӵ˿츮ŷٱǰ˵ŷߣԲŽȥҴţʱ롣
ʱ˶ȥˣҲѧѧʣЩŮ澣һٱţʱһš
ֱסܹܣϸ䣬ܹܱ㽫͵Ķصص㶼⵱ˡ
õ˺̳ˣûҶŴš
ɾҲŵĲᡣ
̫̫ˣҲڶ糯Ǵʷ̨Ů֮¡ʷһҪ£ҷǵѲذŹʷ̨ٱ֤˳ܹһְʷ̨ٱʹӣһץˡҪҪҲΪǺԩɺԩ֤ݣ𣿡
ʷʷ̨˾֮ףа֮𡣵¸֣һ֣ʷ̨ϵ飬֣Ҳû˵ȥңѲذܲ˵ʷţǻ˺ʷ̨ʷ̨ٱٲ鰸꣬ʼŵļ尡
ܵ۶ܳһǾ͵ҵ֪ʲô˵Ĺأ
ٺѪˣJS
ȲǣΪι磬˷
ʷ˲֪ٸ߹ԹŸɹʷ̨֮׵Ĵ󳼣ûȹ֮
۲ŸۿڳƷף˶Զ
һʱʷ˵ƿԡ
ɵͷۣʣ޲˾ô
˵ǹ֮½˾֮Ȼʷ̨졣ʷйعǰڱ·ԸձϤ˾ǹ߰
ɵ˵ȫ˾ɡ
Ҳ֪ʷزܴӦɵ۵참참Ī޹Ůǡ
·ģʷûҶţ׽ˣðֺ˵ҲܾŵŮ죬ǳƽռŮ첻ڶڣڶšǲŵġ
ɵֻܵǾͺá
ʷ̨֮ǿƣĵޣ䲻ηݣҲʷеٮٮΪ˳Ƶ
һҲĿʷ̫п֮оҲпܡ
۫˸Ӳܴŵ˾Ҳϴ£޲ѡ
ڴһֱûȵʷ̨ǸϷ˵ֱӴӴȴܣžʹھװҹŮȥˡ


373 ֮



ĵ 
йص,Ѱ˵žҪ³빬ϷŮó裬ɵʹͳƷھʱ,˼,ʱɳӡS
Ϸ˾ڹŻ̧Ľӣǰ,ٹׯϵϷ˱ʣٹзô
߶ϰε̴,ǹµĸɮ,аġ
ʲôаϷʡ
̵,˵ʱĶһ,׾˵֣ɾˡ¸ɮа,ػظɾ
˵֡
ɾˡ
а
Ϸһһһߴ̧ε,Щ,ȼˡ
ٹоԶȥϷ˵ԺЩ
ξţ,ԼƬӣϷ˾͵ֵֺģͬ,ԺеĻ͸,ӭϷ˵ĹҲЩ,Ҳ,͵¼,ֺ,ǣȥ˺ЩˡߵõģûһɾģԱȥ
֣ʺʣԼû͵ˣϹѡʵ͵ֺ
һĸϷҲݺᣬĸŮִ࿴ۣ˵Ϸżղôݳⷬģˡ
ҲޣҲܣĸ
ﻰҲң̫˼㣬ﶼΪҲŷĹʧ
ĸŮЯϣϷ˺˵ԼԽ֣̫ǼֱԽһֱ˵ᣬԽεĴ߸εʹ࣬ܽǿ̫ģͼľ˼֮顣ⶼҰ
ðɣĸŮαɡ
Ķ˴ˣûһЦġϷ˽һŮ״޺á
񿴣ƶˡ
Ϸ˸ıԣץסҪ£»𣿡
´һãûˡ
ֱⶼĸŮĹϷ۾ʪȥ˸еᣬĺᣬ˵ףҲֻһ㡣ֳҶȥʱ룬ʱûܺúദǴĵ׺ڡ
Ϸ˽գĸŮ˵˺ЩѻȥµκνٟRһ춼ٹıྻ£ûغ󹬣Ϸ˾·ϣ˽ͣŴµýһ£۳ٹͷ
Ȼγȥˡ
ٟRϵ֪£һЦûԴ˷κۡ
ɵ֪ͷһ̧ȥֺ֪˵˶ٶ黰һˣһֱ˵ϷˣҲ֪ĸˣ˵С۶ɣ̫Ҳ顣һ̫ǰԼһСʱĽ֣Ҫһ˵ҲһһЦġ
ԭ룬R׹ŮĲҵôʲôҲ˵͸ġ
Ķ֪ôġҪ֪ĶҶֺ
׹ŮĲҵô
⻰˵ɵ۲һš˵ɵŵġ
ӣ˵ûļҲã˵Ҳãˣ顣
Ȼܶ˲ϲ飬ûִ磬ûƽϡ
ɵϲϲ޼ûִУҲϲϴֺá˵һᱡϲϲģϲǳĻҲϲĵĺڵ顣
ֶׯϲŭɫǸʱ޿̶货ƺ⡭̫ˡ
ԣϲɣҲϲĻЦյĽԼżСӡϲ
ɵ۵ԺˡRɿĸĶԵһƽϣЩܲƽô
̾⺢ӣһ㲻ҡ
ԣɵ۲һЦ⵹ǡ
һۣЦʲôЦ
ɵЦ
һǣɵס֣ûסҲЦˡ
ĸٹۿͷ£ҲЩ̣ȥ淵ƫ
ڶգɫࡣ
ӱûˣĵˡӱ쿴ٟR¿˰գ˶ǮúǺú䡣
ȥٟRٟRģ˵ۿͷģǰԴ
ӱϷ˲ãϷֲϹĸĶ˾ıǲ˵ٶпзƣѰеģ
ӱǲ̫ҲƷ£
۰ɷ߿ࡣӱ֪ʼٸĶô࣬ǣɷһۡ
淰һ˵ЩĻӱ룬ҴͶ̥Ҳ˵ΥĻû˰οǱίˡ
Ҳ룬ֻ´񣬵ûͿ
Ҫһ޾½Ժͱ˭޾ˡ
ޣɹһİ
乫ɲã˵ǸˣڶԴϣҲ̫Ƿˡ
Ҫ빫ô
һ뵽ɷģжȻޱߵĻ̿
ȥʱʱĹȥٟRϵᶯߣӡСɶ͸ٟR
ûֶĨı죬ԺҲǵôϧǸˣǸϲְµ顣
Ҳע뽪ӱĹϵάҵĺ淵ֻҪ۾Ķܿ¸ϲЩŮӣ謵Ҳ罿ܲо
ֲǰˣˣŮӸﻹҪ֪״
ߣศ֮ҲԼİأίʵмΪ顣J
ɡھٟRǣŴ¶οٟR˳оģ̫ˣ
Ȼ͵Ķ
ʷ̫˽ɵ۽ԣø
ɵɫһңֻܺ䣬ʷ̫
Եģʷ̫ԹТĴΪƳ磺̫֮飬̫֮ϧȫ˹̫Тģ
һٟR̫ʦڴҲվٟRߵġɵϽ𣬶ЩСȱСãң»£ҪǺã
ɵҲ֪⻰ԭ֣ʺǣλ¡
֮Բᡣ
ٺ󹬣Ҳֻ֣ʺˡ
ɵû˴͵֮³󣬺󹬳֣й·Ҳɵܸоġ
鷴Уĵİοɵۣͼ̫ôֲֻйУѵûУ·ˣϷ˵ķھ̫Ψһã̫ãֻʣ·ˡʹͼ̫֮ô롣󣬺趯ĶƵģܰըҶĶⲻϸŰըô
Ҳǣ²֪Ūзӯ졣ҲǣİѶҪͰˣʲô෨¡ŪóڸٹϺ˵
бΪ˰ɡ
۵ɵۡ
ɵԩһˣº޲Ҳһίһʱֻܳ̾Ҳ֪İˡ
ԺЩĪҪٸĻᡣʵҲʲô£޷Ǿ˰߶߶һСҲҪʥ˴黳ιΪСڡ
ɵ鲻Խ룬ĸϲ飬ȷǸˡ
һϮۣɵǰɵǧпĿ⣬촽䣬΢΢һЦ


374 ֮



ĵ 
ʷ̫ʹ곤,ҪҪʼΪӪ
ɵ۸ձ鰲οԺЩó߼ԼϣӦ,׼ʹĵضΡ
ȥµٟR,׼ʺϹĵطٟRֻԼϲġۡʲô,ҲȫٟR⡣
ٟR˵Žʲô,ҳȥҲİܵÿﰲ˵,²,˵ɡ
ɵ۵,Ҳ׼ġ˵Ե,Ͳܸ˵ˣͬĸɡ뵽ŮҪˣɵмֲᡣ
Ůѡ,ɵҲûá
ٟRһ,Щɺǵôʲô˵ġ
ɵЦ,ⲻŮԼġRģʻõġ
ܵߡϲܽк,µľͲɡ
Ӵ,ⶼˡ˵˵ɵЦʡ
ٟR,ҵѼ,ȸ۵,ܽġǹ,ܱѲʾ׼ѡҪŻߣҲҪã˵˫ȫŵҾͲˣ壬֮ңѫţɡ
ɵҲʶһЩܴ꣬ﵽŮ׼ģɵƲסƣϵûġ
ٟRɵ۾͵ð׼ѡһַΪ׼һųȥҪΪ׼Ҳˣ
˵󲢲⣬¾һλľ߲ŸɣȻҪһһ˲ŷ
էһܸߣ治ûˡ
붡˵游ѡб
࿴ӣȥѡ
һûϵѦҲȥѾ˵۶ϵȲ÷̣ϵӣȥˡƴ磬˵ڻؼҼֶˡ
ȼ֮ȸ֮ʱͿʼˣڼǲԾ˱׼ѡ
࿴ģһϼƵսһʱ°ɡ
ЦǾ游ˡŶңкüλͬƶĽ
ɲõ
ϻֺۣܶ壬Тġǹ˭ȢŮΪء󷽣ԹǳڶŮӵлᵱȻҪȡһɹأ
²ɹҲûϵȡ
һЦҲǡ
գ˳һ䣬ĽĿӵڶ࣬ҪΪѡأǲǾһ
ɵʡ
ǰվϳ˵ͬӣһȥ£һȥˡЦǺǵأ£ϳҲμѡΡ
ɵЦȷһһĿš
ҲɡҪǱ¿ͲѡˣͶɡ
ɵһЦ¿ɷһ˵ġһٸ׼Ŷ
ǡ͵űµĺϢˡ
ķǶһˣ󳤹۫ʡǽԽιԼӵܲȴѣѼгӵܣ빫·𣬱á
֪ò˫ȫֹΪҶԡ
Ͼǰͷɫ겻
֪ĺôˣ꽪ҲֻѰ佫ݸĺܡһйã񽪼Ǻ
ʶǵŴԾԾԣЩе˼ңҲüгӵȥײײӣһ˴ˣйء
ʷ̫ӽиǰУºܵ˫ȫźá
Ѿˣ⼸СĻûǣϵáǣʷ̫һŬ˫ȫһøεʱڹǰˢøСظ֤ӶһֱƷ
ٟR˵ǲʷʦһ߶߶ô
ʷֱֱ̫˶ʵҪ˵ġ
һЩ⣬ʷ̸̫ĿڣʵҲǰ߶߶ǶԵߡ£ƷοƷ糼볼ͬɳˡ
˵ǵöį
ǲ޹˵־ͬϵģɰ˵ˡ
ٟRЦпռˣҿɵö࿼쿼졣
ֻֻܿܲ죡
ʷ̫ȸڹˢţʣµľͿԼıˡڶֻ࣬һܱȻǴϲѡҲûɶ˵ġˣ˴׼һ֮λģԵ۶һһǡ
ȴͷȥҲ١
ܲʢ£ʵ֤
Ĳμѡʱʷ̨˾ץ߹ɣоͰҵŮһλְҩĹԱ
Ůҿߣʷ̨˴ĵط˵Ǻ˽ȥҲܸ㳶һʮ׮
һδԲʱͬԺйԱʷ̨ɴУҲλӵܡ
˵ʷٰ̨ţԭǷְ֮ʷʷжʱˣһΪ˰ԵҪ۶ٳˡ
Ϸ˼˵ЩʲôãۼҺӿɽȥĲ٣㵹ӣܿǽȥ˵ģ
Ҳܼɼʲôãʷ̨ˣȻ֤ȷ䣬ܵլˣЩץǣûһģŵ೤ʱ䰡
˵Ѵȥʷ̨ˣĸĪ
ܲôϷ˺˵ճ̵ļǺǰ£ץۼ
ץаٶˣۼ˲ռ
ǲɵʷ̨Ϸ֮һҪɫģҲ֪̫Ӿ˼ңǿ̫ϣҲöۼң
ɬ⳯ĸ㣿ʵϣһֱƲݣλʷĿ޳߸ϡ
һʱ˴Ϣʷ̨ʷǶڰ참ҲԵġСλүЩ֮ȥˡ˵ûӶûãʷţίʵһ㡣
˴ȥϷٵȲã˼ݵһӣҾͽ
ֳд£һ˽õġ
ȸü˾ȻҲǣ永Уŵ೤ʱ䣬ûɣ
ԩġˣҪ˵ŸɲţϾˡ˵طȣҲţˡһʷ̨ô£ĪҪԩ˲źá
ѧϰ꣬ѾڸŸ״£ǳ˽ʷ̨İ참򣬡ȷ֤ݣʷ̨ǲֱץ˵ġǸ飬ܳ˼ȻûųȻ永
ۼܸһô
ʲôһ෴ʡ
ţ׶ˣܸ޹һô
ЩãĸҲ֪׶ءʷ̨ûӶȻ֤ȷ䣬ǲźÿġ
ʮֱΪߺšͲĸ׵Ŀ󣬴ӦЩ֮ȥ
ڴ̫û˼ýӱ׼Щ׼ġ˵徹Ȼʷ̨ץˣҲǳԾˣŷԺԺר˾ʼ԰֡й£ܳʲôأ
˵ЩˣЩȥҲʡĸġҲ²ܹ԰ֻׯܳʲô½ʷ̨˽ȥ
ùʰԵĽЩ״ŵĵģõľϴ֮ͨ飬빬˵ʰ̫õģϸ޲ľУǵط˿ʵá
׼ͣȥ
ԼʱôȥôصģʷĻ̴˵Щʷ̨УصµġүİӼ򵥣һ·ģһ
̲ס˵Ķʷ̨գ
ǡ̵
ڰ֣ˣ֪ˣȥɡ
̹¡
淿࣬ʷ̨Ҳ̫ˣ
ʷ˽һ飬ˡ
̫ӣ
̫ӣҪݵ֮Ȼ˵һǱһнصģʷ̵̨ġ
ڶ죬Ŵ£糯ҵ࣬£µвҪ֡д˴ѯҲһʷ̨һбá
һůҲ˵ˡ
ǰ£Ҫκʷ̨Ⱦʷ̨ʵһɰɴáûʲô˵ģҲɹϢ١
һ̫άңЩӵͻѰҵ̫ӵ㣬ǻַͶ̫ãҲ̫ӵƿ̫ӣ̫ӡ
ʷ̨Ҳڵڶ͸̫ӵ˽
ȷʲô
Ժׯ԰йҲʲôȻֱʲСһ࣬ͰѱµԳˣܱߴ棬Գ˲١
ܻԼգò࣬Ҳʮӡ
Ͼ˻ʼԳʼһ԰֣й
Ůİӣʷ̨ĶǣңҲһˡλŮܵҩɵҲ򵥣һӣҩùߵҩ̣Ȼ󣬹λҩҩֲиϾλҩ̫ҽԺ̫ҽԿż壬ҩĺû̫ҽһ۾ܿ
Եҩ˴εȡ
λŮҲ࣬ʮѡ
ʷ̬ģԽڽؿòʣ»йעûУֻܸ߳ͷǣҲõ·ġ
סڣ֪ܲסʷα̬ȣǱҸģɫ࣬ˡ̴˰ػɣ
ȥ꽭ϰ̰īǧ
ضûС
ε۶һйԱҶĿŵϡȥ¿ûԽϷ飬Ϳʵ۱Ҫδˣ
˰಻סֵ˵ĵǣ飬ֻȥ˳顣
ջؼңڵȣʼȵôǹٵ׼ɡ
һ齫¹ҵľʩϣԼյ²裬µҾȥ֣ңȥΧ֣ҵģҶһġ
ײҪñΪѣмŮھһȥǰɡ
ɫף̱У÷˵ְھϧɣѵˣ
ȥ꽭ϹԱеǱ̰ٵġʱĴڣˡȥ겻ģѵҪģңͺ˱¡ñǧƫ˽֮
գʷ̨Ӱӵ㣬ʳ£Ա׷׽᰸ʷ̨ʾڽɵд
ɵһŵ֣ȥ֧þڣ֪ΪΣȴص䡣
ҧһҧɵ۸˱ʣ顣
ɵ۵ȥǾȰޣЩٹȻɶЩĻڸģҲøǸĹµĻᡣ
ûȰ¡
ɵһ룬ǡ
ȥĹ۵һֱǣɱ֮ӹٳ
ɵ۵ʵڲģûԵİ취
θ֮ԣȥУһ֪˷ǲľ۵ˡ½ڸҪƫ֮ģڱ𡣱κʱ򶼲֮¡ٰ뷨ӡ
ʲôӣɵ׷ʡ
ôˣѹն֮ʱնˡ⻹һʱ䣬Ѱµͷġ
ɵǰһ̲סЦˣ˿Ҳ
ҲЦ¿Ī¸֪ˣȻǴˡ
֪֮ġ
Цǳٶ˵һ䣬⣬²ɶʩ̫ܼɣǸ¶ġ
뵽Щ۵ļһɵҲľˡ
ǣɵ۴һӣ׼ʷ̨ࡣ
жʱһƬ֮ڶϱŮĿ֪ŮԱϷˣʱ֧Ųסһ˹ȥ
ʷ̨ٴϱ˶̰ɲΪɣ˾ܹܹ˾ʷҲ֣ܳȥ֣Ҿôġ
ͬʱʷϱھ
ȥʱ֣Ҳôġ
ɵᵽܻյζ£ɵҧ֣ǹ֮ݣ֮壬һŶۡ
ʷ̫ңңѰ֮塣һʺҶԶԴ֮ѵܿˡ¶ϸ˴׷飬ҷ̰ī˿۵ʹϣµʧԹƣļܹԼҲûٹ˾˰ɡ
ھѺдǹٵ׼ʱĳУǹ١
̶֮ڣһ֣޴ݼϳãˬ
ǵ۶ٳʷ̨һ٣Ҳսսʡ±ʷ̨ץѱ
ٟRŴ£ҲǴʷ̨ƯƳʷ֮ʯǵˣٳηܻ
ʷ̫ΪȻ
֣ڼҵ֪ɵͬ⽫һ˷ϤնϢ𾪡
λ
ܡ
ƾ̫ţɵ۶ϴЩܾ̫ŵĿ϶ǻģͼģ̫ŵΣԼѡΣ
Լѡһ
Ϊʲô»ͬ⴦նһɷأ
һҷٿҪͷصİ

ԭ
֣ױ»ͬ⴦նԭʱ䡣
նԹ껹һ꣬һͷҰɡ
ϸѩƮ䣬֣ίʵ̾¶ҵġ
ֻٲûʵ۱µóԸġ
ֺŶҪնĵĲˣһӱ˱Ҫȥ̼ҲģÿҪԵֺĸס
ٟR㲻ͬңŸپ͸ҰѻʼҵԳ԰޳ȥԼ׬ӣԴҲԩ
ΪƣҲܲȥ̼
ɵ۰˽ĽķӸʣģ
ĪҪ˵ȥΨˡ
иʥԭΪ顣¶ǲģһǶԲס£Ժٲǳıǰˡ
ɵӵסɣ罡
ɷԼСм֮£ɷɷͷ޳
֪зӾȶ÷Ȼĸף˼ͣܵĵǾ塣˿ɿˣĸףĸ׿ġ
ڵ֪ﲡȬֵ֪̫̫֣ķų˵ͬ⴦նҷ٣뵽նǰ£ӵһģ
һʮʮ١
ؼļ߲ԣʷ̨רŵ˾ɹ٣˾ɹٷ£˵ԣʱ¿д¡ɵ۱ʵһ࣬
һ˦ӣ³ˣ


375 ֮һ



ĵ 
ɵ۴ŭ,㽫˾ɹٱصߵȥˡ
̫ʦȰȰס
˾ɹְλߣƷ
Ҳа˾ʷ˾ɹٰ˸ƷĵطѲʷ,Ϊ١
˵,ɹٱ֮𣬱ŭعԱ,Ҫܵڸġ²°˾ɹ١
λ˾ɹҲߣû,ʸǷҴ˱ȫ˽ģ˾ɹ֮,ԱԾǷҲо֮֮,Ҫ̧ɣһûĹ,ûֻ۲Ϊ,⻹ǸʵĿʴô
Թǳ͢ѽ
ҲûԶ㡣,Ծȫ,ɹл֮ȨҲ̫ˡ
ܾ˾ɹ١
ٟR֪ҪЩʷ̫ϿʱŵġҲ˵,ɲã˾ɹ˵ǲȻ,˾ɼʵҲǱ֮ڡ
ͷ˵,˵Щͽֱ,һζӭıΪ
ٟRһĥ֪ǽ˾ɹ˵,߳ŭ˾ɹ١΢΢𴽽,ʷ̫,ӵĻǳӲ£ֻҪ˷֮Ǿ͵ðʴһŭ֮²űصģԺ󸸻ʻת϶ڵġ
ʷ̫룬ҿ¿ɲڵģͿ˾ɹ٣ҲǴ껪һȥͲ֪ʱܻˣ
۵۶ǽɽһ֡泯͢һأҲѵõʷʦǣĸûεľء
ǰ
λ˾ɹʲô
ģě
Ŷ֪ʷ˾ɹѽٟRЦѲʷʱܸͦɵġ
ֽ̿룬д¡ֱɾ֣ݸ˾ǣ˳ӡȡһӣһ͵ʷϡ
˾ǰٟR֣¿ʲôҪͬʷ˵ģ
֮ˡ
˾ȥ£ʷ̫Եõ±ӻʷҲ˳Щ
ʷ־С²ʲôٟRк˿˿ʷ̨Ҫķǡÿ춼˵У˺ûէһǲģȷˣԵݵλƷþ滰Ժڵ⡣
ʷ̫ǾٟRؽ
ٟRǴЦʻܣ˾ɹٵĶһ֮ȥЩ˼Ž֪ˣʱֱһ䡰ⲻ⡱ƽϢ¡
ߣʰҲòôǹ
ʷλܳȥطһҲáˣжһܳɣǾǲŸޣ˭Ҳֲˡ
µ̹ٵʷʱʷѾʰ׼ˡ̹ٷϹ͵Լһ𶧣˵ԽԸʷһ·˳
ʷδϵܵùʹͣûϼҵ׼ˣû뵽ֱӰǧ֮ȥˡ
ͼ١
¹ͣʷ̹ٳԹ裬¹ǰ̫ǰ̵ġ
ūԭٹ̫ܹܣ͸˹¡̹Цʷ̫˵ʷ£˵λֻܳһʱգꡣ
ʷΪ˾ɹٵְҲǲʹͬǶ͸֮ˡ
̹ٺȹ裬ָǡ
ʷ͵Ժ⡣
ʷԱᣬֱӾͳˡʶĶæͱ𣬵֪дˡֱɾִ͸ʷʱԹΪ̾̾ؿ㣬֮ʶ֮SG
һ빫ϵŤĳʷ֪£ҲΪһ˽ĵĻʵ۱׵Ķࡣ
ɵۼ˾ɹٵҲͲϵĳ̶ȸеΣֲԸɱ˶ֿ֣ƼӣûٟRĵľٶ
˽¸˵˾ɹﻹԺ񲻸Ǳˣ
ǿʶû͵ѽٟRɹپ˵ġ˵ĻȹʺҲűһŭ֮°˱ˣǾ͵ҲҲ㶫Եأƽʧô
ǲġȫʷֱ
ٟRЦԱµġҪǵı죬У̬ȣҲŲںء
ĿڲǶȻ˵ٟRģҲֻա
̾һȥ֮Уѫλ
ٟRעһǣҲǰ˵ѫҲѹˡԭԻ֮ţ˵Ҳǿƾٽ౾´塣
ųһȥźų̫ʦȡ´ĴࡣJ
ڸֻʣʷ̫顢λʵʷҲţʷһ˽ԼΥ۾գд
ʷǿվ뺮֮ϡ
ͬųҲһλĴڡûĸƿڳӵмӰ
ƾٟR˽⣬ʲôĻ⣬϶ʳġ
壬ѫį
ٟR˵㽫ֵ¡
ǰ׽ܵıǵ֣һȥѫλΪ˰ѫЯΪ̡
ٟR˵Ѿˡ
࿴ãΪû˵ҵĻ⡣ٟRûң֪󽫾ˣ
ȫ̸ֵʱŵһη֣ѾκηʵٟRĿɱ¶˳Ӧⲻ󡣡
ٟR˵󽫾ϣ״󽫾ˣĴ죬Ψδ󽫾ѫ֮塣ʵľҿʼûףҪš
ֻҪõģڳ͢˲ţʶõġ
ǲһġٟRһǣɼҪţΪҪʷأ
ʷԹ٣ڶ£ȫ
һ֮Ҳ̫ݡ
ٟR˵ʲôݡ
ٟRɱɡ
ɵ۶ʷıóްɵ۲ɡԼݵƫĸеڳõ˳ѫڳгʧȥԱλãѫǿʼԲ
߿ƾٵ·Ĵǹʱʧȥ˶ڸƿأٷѡ
̫ʦ󳤴һʱ䶼޷ɶڸ飬ΪڸԱƺֻھǰĻȨԼ
һУγһ΢ƽ⡣
ѵ޷ƿسãѫ󡢴в
̫Яѫ󣬵Ѿ壬ڳõ˳ҲζʧȥӰ
ȫ԰ѫ
ʹͱصʷʾá
ʵϣһֱû֣ң֪֣ʺλӾǹġڣ֣ҵʹһǰ
ڹĸԣǵԱصʷԳңԴǹٵ֮࣬
̫ʦƼһλ˾ܹܣɵ׼
ٟRҲоԽԽѫķ˽밲ٟRʱڷǹЩҲ׸
ٟR糣˽εĶɱ֮⡣
գɱĿڴĽݱ󽫾˳ﲳɵگ󽫾Ϊ󳼼פ󽫡
ɵ۴ϲŵĲһӡ
͢ϲ
ڲפƲӴ˳׽ɱڲã涼ûĹ
Ըοڵʢ£
ϲ֮£ɵ۾ο棡
ٹӦ׷棬ɾϲ֮ʱּΪסʳ
ߣ˾֮
ʳǶΪǾӹ޵Żήʳ档
ɵĻϲȥˣǸˣ͵ʳӦ£򲳺޵𡣡
ðɣϲӣ˭Ըɨɵ۵ˡ
Ҽ棬һͨ֡
ԭǰ䲼µĺʱɵ뵽뵽˾ɹ٣û˵Ļ
ֵĹ˸ϲꡣ
۶ϲ˶ţɵ۴֮ϵġ
һĴڣһ߶֣ҳ˼׾ѣǼδе塣ٟR֣ҵʹ֣꣬ҳƵҲ޲
ȥΣΡ
ࡢ峤峤Ҳһ
ͬǣ󽫾⣬ٟRֳһͬȥ˳ҳơ
⣬ٟRҲ˵İ״󽫾һݷ͡
һֱ£ûյ󽫾¡
⵹Ϊ棬شѩϽͨͨѡ
ֱ£ûҾ֪ǳˣ
˵Ĳ¶б𽥲͵ɵ۴ɿ򱱹ѯʱ󽫾ս󽫾սԼǻµǻĲʮ򱱹أֱƵ۶
յҾ֮Уʴ̤˶ٳգɼ
ɵõݼʱ˫ֶڷԴֻ˵һʲôˣ
̫ʦɫҰףֱ±£
鼱֮¹˲þ֮ǰסɵֱۣݺݵҡһ£ٻ£
ɵ̫ʦݱ̫ʦҰףң̫ʦʦ
ʷ̫в̣ǰһ±塣ٴ볯֮¡
ɵ۽񣬡ʷʦ˵ʱʷ̫ҲΪѧʡʶһֱʷʦ
ѣٶǰ
£֣ҷɱ꣬ɱΪϤ֣ǰ£
ɵһ㶣ڸˡ
̲鰴಻ס£˲ôꡣð
黧ҲһͬزĳʷԼ͵ԵԺ޳֣볯
仰Ҫɵ˵ڡ
ãɵڵ͵˵˾䣬ֵ֣볯
һУɵʶ˸΢΢׵Ķڿ˭ѯ˭̫ʦѧʿԲԣ֮⣬˶ף̫λá
̫ʱɵ۾ĸ׵Ҳ࣬ĸ׵ոŲ̫ͬεͳĽɽȡʢ̫ƽ


376 ֮Ķ



ĵ 
ɱս֮ʱ,ٟR뽪ӱ謣λڷǹ˵˵¾ǹʹף
ٟR̫,뽫ŵٰ졣
ҵǾЩ,ҲǼģҲá,ȷȰˬ
˵䣬ϹҴҶ,Ѹٵʩһ,û,ǿ첽ǰ,֣ʺߵＸ䡣
֣ʺŲյɫ,вյ䣬žڵϽשˤѼ,ˮҶý
Ҷɫ΢,֣ʺ֣ʺȴֱӿǰﲢ֪,ĵȴһɼΪԤС첽ǰ,
֣ʺס,֣ʺ΢,֣ʺ,֣ʺɫ,,̰ųھͻؼȥҪš
֣ʺŮȡǹƣʱ˵ȥɡ
̲סʣҼҳˣ
Ȼȥڻû׼š
ɫҰףٟRѾվ˵ĸҸһȥ󽫾
֣ʺϹ㰢ȥ£¡
ٟRҲ߽ӱȶѰվ
δ飬ϴǱңϹϻؼȥ
ߺ֣ʺһˣɱսˡ
׼էϢɫ䡣ٟRæʣսܵεȳ̶ȣ
󽫾սˣѾ̤򱱹أ۶֣ʺۿ΢ʪ˵ȸԻع²Ҫҳӱչ˺û
ӱѫ֮ң֪ԽǴʱԽҡû京ĸȻˡĸ󲻱صģڣһʧ
á
潪ӱҴȥ
Ҳ£֣ʺеˮڵٟRоԼ˶ģֽűǰ֣ʺԣ÷򱱹ʮ߾͢ɱʮľӪһ
߾սɱЩ޴İջٟR롣
ٟRҲûпޣһˮûС˵ĸѺ󹬹ܺãȥǰͷ
R
ȥ鷿ٟR˵꣬˾ȥ鷿
֣ʺϢͨʶٟRε鷿ʱ֣δ鷿ڣֻɵڸԼյֵĳ̴󽫾ȥȸҳ˽Уһģ
̸ջݵٟRѾ̤鷿Ŀбӣȶɵ΢һ񣬡ɱսܣеǣ
ɫ䣬Ƴһ̹٣
̰ԼóѰɡ
ɡҲġ
̹ٶûˣԼΪӷףࡣĵʣRôˣ
ĸѾú๬̫Ҳضˣ赣ǡٟR£˵Ҫ򵽵۶ǹĸʱҾͲҲ͢⡣ҹһڳ͢Уʰɱսܵľ档
ٟRҡڵ鷿̫ʦֹɱսܣ֧󽫾滻֣ˣֳ֧󽫾ΪסٟRâ
̫ʦźۼƳһۣҲ첻ԣҲĬ
ٟRʣ˭
󽫾ֵ֣ܡ
ٟRɨڸˣɵ۵븸볯һģ˵ʱԵԺۡ
ɵףµһҪǱסɽӦʣҲá
нϽԼݣһ볯
ɵҲˣٟRԴּ̹ٵ˴󳤹󳤹˵ټ۫鲢ס۶ҡҪҡһ۶ʧ˻򻹿ɻٵǾл·ģʵʵģӣ
̹æȥ졣
֣էɱսҲΪ𾪣֣羪ʴּ̣սˣʲôʱ£
̵սλ˽¡
֣زСܡֻС£ɵɻֵܽ飬֣粻ںɵۣɱս£׷̣սô˵ģ
̿ˣС֪ս¶ˣС˾ͷ˵ɱսܣλ˽£
ֵ֣ܻһۣ֣࣬ҲЩסס壬ͽȥɡҿɱսĲá
ֵ֣ûе飬
˵ʱ䲢ٟRڣһɵ۵λֲضɡ
˵λ֮ϣ֣򲻸ҾӴλĩɡ
ֵ֣볯ʱɵ׼˼Ȱǰ޵ĲǡһʱգǨŭ˹ǵ׵ĹþֵܣĪԭЩ֪˵ۡǻָپǹˡ
򲻸ҡ
ɵ۵Ǳ㼴λֹپɣ⼸ˣҲ٣Ϊ͢
ʷ̫ҲһȰǰ£Ƕǰί˹һֱΪƽǵҲһġ
༫ֿλ˾˶ǹˡ
ֵ֣ܸǳɲֱ֣ʣɱˣ
ٟRʾⷽ飬սλ˾˿ɡ
齫սݸ֣磬֣ɨ˶һ˲ĴΣĿѣţʲô򱱹ˣ
֣æӵܵȡսһ֮Ҳɫףֿһ飬ȷԼûп૵ôܣ
ɱʮ򾫱ģ
ɵɫҰܣⶼ޵ιʧ
֣˫ѪŭҪڡ֣סֱۣܵܵȵĪ
֣һ˦ֳ֣׺ݵĿƵɵһͣɱʮ߾ʮգ̫ʵ͢ʮѪӪ񳯱߾ʣ͢λش𣡡
֣ŭʷݶҪɪɪҽԱʹԡ
ܣ֣סֱ֣ۣȻŤԼǰȻ⧲Ľסܵܡ֣зһ׷ֳͷ
֣Ҳ⡣
˼ڣ˴ᣬŵĲ̹Ҳƫͷȥеˮ


377 ֮



ĵ 
̫ʦ,ǰɱ֮ܣԳ֮γ
˵,ߵײ
ɵ۵,ܹʦ֮
ٟRһ,˿̲סɵ۵Ļ,󲻺,׸Ҫ,οɱս,λս߽ʿѼƣ̫ʦΪ׸,ȻĹ֪ܣԲãлؼȥɣ
ɵʦٟ֮R֮ŭ,ٟRƢ,ֻûɱĴ£û̫ʦǺ
̫ʦѪɫ,ҪʡȻй,ֻ̬,δ۹֮ʱ¡,س֮¡й,ɳ֮͢,ʱ,¶һˣҲһʤġ
ٟRٵˣ飬ѧʿԭ̫ʦһ״̸ϡʷ̫һ̾Ҫȷس֮£Ҳ飬£ƣɱսܣػսдľֻҪҳЩҰ˸ϳɱոɽָտɴ
Ҳ˵ǰ£ɱ֮˰նãҪ۶գؾųǳţάз£һܶһ
ٟRֵػȶֵ֣ܵλ˾˵һ֣æǰʦʦУס
ٟRһרĽ̡
սƳǷģƳǳǽ̣פƳǽԳƺسǳأδòҰԽһ
ʵϹǴûӮͱŲλȻҲȫǲݰѳסˣõս鱨ʮƥЯս۶š
ƲҲƳ˷ʱ䣬ɴƹƳǣֱ۶
֣Ͻһսܲ¸˾Ųʮ벳϶ͷ˵ʮ򾫱ģ԰룬ѵá
ԭƳѹǼõľս֮أɼȻѾƹƳǣֻڵ۶սˡ
֣̿ǷͼԵ۶Ƿź֣粢㽫սصڵ۶ǡ
֣ڵ۶⻮һطս
ʣԼʮǷҪϡɽı
Եˡ֣ǵĽ죬Ӧ˵ǹλһǰ򷨣ڲϮ뺷쳣
Ƿس֮սסɽıһҳ㣬Ҳܸγѹǿҷơ
سǱǱӵһõսسսһ㶼ϳɳ־սԷ¶Ϯ֮ٿôսһγΧǣǱػֱ½ӣʱľǺɽȵءطսһⲳӣҪָܻϢأ֣羴巽Ʒ󶮾ԣĽ͸λ
ߣ˶Կǻ轫Ǹϻɱϳ򱱹أĥľʱûһ֧ǿû취ոɱģ
΢΢ףɵۣɵۼʱ˴У԰Ϊ˧۶н죬֣˧Ը
λ󽫾
֣Բãڸ°š
ڸԱ˼·ʷ̫ѲǽĲʹƳҩ̣ϳбеݣ񲿰סӼ࣬ѧ춯̲ʷ̨ΰþսǱѣõص㡣
⣬лҩֵĴҽԺ̫ҽҪԱս¡
ٟR֣࣬˧òڳ㸨ս°š̫ʦڸȣԼ֪δ
ȻٟRˣѵǰǰӣ꣡⣬֪ԽΣ֮ʱԽηսսڸǵСˣηս֮ˣɱɢߣɱгߣɱлߣɱ
ٟRɱ֮£˽ԹӦǣ
ʷ̫ЩѾϤƢԵڸԱãλµƽĴ󽫣ݣٟRദϱ󽫶Ǻպգ겻ˡ
Űģս֮ʣҲ˲ˡʣδֹ
ɵ۴Ƕ˶ֻ˵֣ôɡ
Ҳĸʱ˵Ļˡ
ּ


378 ֮



ĵ߰ 
ս±ĸ,˵еݾ͵طٻ٣ٟRվڳǽϣʿ׳ս
սڷƮ,Ÿ˵̤Ŵص,ԼŨɱ֮
ʿǺ󣬾ų,ֱȡʤٻῪ
֣Ҫ
ٟRս,Ҫ
һս,ԭǿԱġ
ֱ,ٟRڳǽվ˺ܾ,ƺᵽƮѪ뵶ײ
£ǻذɡ˵
ٟR,ڳתתʱڣĸ
ٟRûг˳,,ϴйֲ̿ĽֵǰĻֳַ죬ռ֪ǹС
ٟRѼֶһ鷽ع
ûסغµٹоҪ,ٹѵµ鷿
ٟRĻĺ٣,糣ÿѲ,ǿķ׻һڳ,͢ᱣǡ
ʱ,Ҫ,ôһ㰲ġ
۶Ȼ,˵޾ٟ࣬Rһ̫ʦ϶һѺ֡
ʱͨϣûϡ
ڳбѵİʳźãֵģͷƬ߾ܹ
ңս³ʱҲ
졣
ɽϵıû˱ˡ֣ȴ׷ոɱɵЩԥˣϾҲɱռ죬ĻԺ²ʱʱҪ۶ˡ
󽫾ʧɴ󽫽ʱ䣬Ҵ˴֮ս״󽫾Я󣬰׼Ҳս֮ϡ
ɵ۱ð״󽫾ܰ״󽫾ܣɵ۵ٶͼհɡ
̫ҽԺΪΡ
󽫾ʧⲡҲա
ǽвŵġ
ٟRҲս½òȻǹǻ˵λսպգھϹţ֮ǰλȻҪı볯
ŭֱʴɱ
ֱӾͽˣӵµλΪ
λǻĹµǻƭ򱱹أɱ򱱹شܡЯڽһ·£
󽫾ν󽫣ȻҲһλսĽ죬ΪȻһŮ֮ǿǿĶȥ
Ҫȷ棬׼ͷ֣ˡ
һڽɫ׵Ĳǧɱʱ󽫾ھˡ
ûѺʧǡ
ϧ
սҲ֧ġ
Ҫ˵ܴδ󽫾ıδ󽫾мƽش飬ǿҲСλ
֣籱Ҳǵ˱ȸı˵ȸĳ̴󽫾Ҳ˲ˣٳɵֻ֣ʱȸ
˱ţ֣绹ɵ׼ھв޾ƽƽһ·ݱеĲ䣬æ
οɱ󰲸գ£ս䣬ֲ֪жš֣缱۰
ɵ̴ˡ
컹ţ˵˲ٻ
ɵ۵ʦ޾ټ˰䡣
˴֮սӡǰ£˭Ҳûϵɱعϡ˴ǰУи֮롣
ֻ˵
ɱ󣬳͢ȻҪɱϢɱʹѾΪɱʹɱա
ɵ۾ԭʦ׸
׸ʹΪµ˵֮սݣɽиսʿʿսнЩսʧʧҵİգҲҪչ˵Щ¶ϸ£ɲɡ֣ⷽԶ볯֮ãûĺá
ӣؽ纣ǹ٣ҲЩͣ˳鲻Ϊ׸ڸͳ
ɵЦ˵仹ͬءҿ컵һ㣬ԵĵҲá
Ǳ뿴ڸ졣
ɵЦ⻹ǡ
ԭûΪ׸˼ʵϣɵ۶Ҳ⡣λԶº¡˹˵׸Զ׸ɵ۾ûֽĵĸо
׽оǷһ㡣
˵
վڹӰˣɵ۶ûаա
ɵҪȷʲô࣬£Щͷۡ
ʣʲôñ·ա
˵Ϸաɵ۰ڰ֣ո˵ͷۡ˲һ㡣ɵ۵ҲˣŸɹˣĸʱҲҳûй
֣Ҷɽѳɶ֣ɵ۲òϣٟRһ֧ȫЧľӡ֧ӻԶפɱֻҪ֣ٟRɵ۱㲻òٟRڳ͢ķ
οڸУʦѧʿҲû˷Թ
ɫ¶е֣أ꣬ɫûΪʱգΪ̫õĸ
ҲǰɵЦԲˡ
⵽Ϊֹ
һ̾λɵĵҪˣⲻ֪ġ˭赲أ
οĲŸɡ
ٹ滨Ժ
֣⸺ϵĻƳγεӣĿѲȷĲժ£һһԼԡ
Χ³棬ٟRʣʲôʱߣոɱ֣˶˾Զں̶˵Ҳ۶Ҫһȥո򱱹ء˵֣ҵϵڵ۶֣һְ֣Ҳ뵽֮УݺڡS
һͳ֣ҧڴ棬ˮ۱Ĺڣ֣һá
ٟRͷҲҧڴ棬۾
˽֣ٟ꣬R޵ӣƽͫףͲ¸ˡ
ٟRס
֣Ȼȡһ֧ͷȾЩ죬Ϊˡ֣¼ʱ͸£ɱʱ㣬͵ˡ
ٟR뵽һЦü΢֣⣬üȾЦΪ޼䡣ɱµ赣ǣʱȺµٻ
ҵ̫á
ٟR˵J
֣˳ٟR˵㽫ٹ˺µ
ò˵ٶɵ۷Ĳ١


379 ֮



ĵ߾ 
ǰȥ̫ʦ
̫ʦԭֻǻҰ׵ͷ,һս£ֱȫˡ
豣ӲǡȰ
̫ʦҡͷΪ³ҲЩʱաԺеϢʱ䡣
̫ʦԼĵ,ǳsҿˡɱ谲,ȥΰʹСˡ
,ɱƣܵۿ֪
һϷǹٺ,׸˭أ̫ʦ
,һܳһܵ˵ĳ,ȴҲ¡̫ʦԭڸ,밲ɱ̫ʦĲá
,ҿµ⣬ǲԤǹٵġ
̫ʦ΢,֪¼ΪҲΪʦ,ͬӡҵ˽,Ըʹ˴ǹ٣ȥø,ʦĸң,ա
ôС̫ʦ,ǧͷ,æµʱ򡣡
,,ɽ𢿴ء
ƥ𡣺οҵ̫ʦs㲻ãҲĹ̫ƽϧȥɱ˵ȴܻ˾˽顣
𢣬Ȼ
˵̫ʦһЦһ˿ɻ̫ƽҲ޺
ʱҶԹĿ
̫ʦһ£̶Цͬġ
ףʵû֣ңҲԹ
ҲδԹ̫һ̫ʦ̾Ϣ
Ǳ죬Ůƽ˵̫ȨרȨô
ɹ̫ǲһġ̫ʦ̫գ޵ʼǾǻʼˡ
ޣŮȢΪλʼҹȴҪأ
̫ʦȻѰŮ첻ͬ
ɼʼ󣬾Ҳϸһĵġ
̫ʦЦs˫
ֻǾãûҪЩϻ˼Խȹ̣µĺôԽ󡣹ӹţΪҪ֮ã
sڹ𣿡̫ʦʡ
Цˣⲻ֪ôȻ󣬲ŸҲڣҲЧҹ
ڱô̫ʦʡ
ҶҪȥɱΪʰ̯ӣ˵ô
ΪҪڴʱ뿪۶ȰҴǹٻأ̫ʦʡ
˹顣ʵҲ뱻УҲȰ
̫ʦĬΣĻ
գ̫ʦҲûаѺ˵꣬δ֮⣬Լ̫ʦѡԲѲ²⡣
ҲȰԭ
Ȼʱ˳įһοȫ˵Ļᡣ
ֺ
˷ʢȣҲûˣǶһңٟRԼɵˡ
ҷְʳٟRסJ
̫ƽˣһҲһԳԷ˵˵ǰЩŸûݷ𣬺ڲ챣ӣЩҰˡ
λЦü䣬ʣ̩ҪҪĸ
̩ЩѾ˵˵죬˵ʱ˼ˣ̵ģ~
ʵе˽ģƫ컷ĸ̩һӣͷһӣƽʱҲǺܿذ̩ģÿ춼Ҫһ
˼ڣ̩ͲİĸŰ̩ȥֺ׼˻רʳ
̩ܳԵ⣬ԭ̵ͣԵĵûԹ˵ЦĳԶԼﻳɶԲţʱ໽С
ɵЦСһɤ㡣
ЦǸӡȥιι
ﱧŸһ񣬱ȥιˡ
鲻öǣ¸඼ˣٶ࣬Ҳӡ⼦ͽг¿ʼԤˡRҲζΣ
˵ЩѰ£ʱǰ˴ԸһƽƽԸǳˡ£һԸġ
ɵ֣ԸôҪһ
һƽֻҪԸʵ֣һڣ»˰ֹͣ¡˵
ԸҲִġɵ۵
Եĸ˰ҲҪġǵ˰֮ػҪ¿࣬ա
ϲɵۣǴǶ˰ɣ
ɵۿһٟRٟRҲĸĴΣҨһ˵Щɱ¾Ҳáʣ罫ķٹѺһ꣬괦ãҲǳ͢䡣
һͼˣ컷ĿҲ¶Щ֮⣬ǰˮ˵Ȼû˵ĵطôУҸԸɲģ
ǡԸҲᵱ档ٟR˼´ʦĸúýһ
Щԥܴ⣬ҶȻڴ֮Сһ⣬Ӧȥ˾ɹٵĻƵģһ꣬Ϊ⡣
ɵףҲס
ɵ۰ǳԺ鲻١
鲻ԸӦһٟRװɵ˵ǽ׾˾·ϱơ
ֺùţٟRȻˡ
ĥɵҲûӦ´¡
ɵٟRĹǣҷٺ⣬һҷ٣Ϲƽ
ɱô཭ϹԱ棬һ塢кšйٻ֮ҵʾɡӵܣ֧Ҳǵˡ
ɱˣֵҡ
ɣ
ɵȱ֣һϷ٣ıǽϰڵĳġ
ٟR˵ﴦ˽ġ
ٟRغµʱ΢ҹüңٟRҡͷʲô¡ҲңѶϣȥ̽һɷٴĥĥûⲻǽгô
΢ҡһҡͷٟRϢ
в֮£ٟRû졣֣ʺ󡢽ӱΪٳ֣޷ǾǴ󳤹ЩõѼ񣬴һڷǹΧԲ˵ˡ
ٟR˽óһӣ˲Щʿвһ⡣
֪ǮƽʱٟRʹԼ£һóһ򣬱Ǹ湫ıԾС
۶ĸǸϢ֮ͨˣ빫ֱ㽻鶼ûСǵû飬ԺǸ̫ʦһģ֪ļڹеˡ
ĸҲû·ȥͨϵĸӲƾټƤҵ峤֪峤ڹ湫ҵˡ峤ӤáԺ·ģûΪƣǾ۶ġ
ĸ˼ش̣ҲʧĴ䳯͢˰ʰҼףĸ󻧴ͷЩ
峤δؾʣĴҪ٣
Ÿһٲ٣һӶ࣬ġЩҲ޵ģٸһѣǾ͵Ůˡ
峤ʣ˴ô
ǽг͢˰Ķ䣬غиһ꣬Ҳͻָˡ
ôأӸ˰գһӰûΣ
ĸطٶ꣬ḻʵУȴࡣ
꿪ˮǵһʼҲֱӷӷסְգӸշȥթƭɶЩաŵּʱƭձز١
ĸ峤ʶʱ̣ȴһ峤ѧʶΪˣȻῪʼ峤
ĸ̣ļʶµΣ
峤ֱӰѿľֲûпˮǴأҪķΧҲСֻø̻˵һʱľשʯ̻ȥŽ㡣
ֻҪѿ̻ƷʣǳԿɡ
ǵķдСģöϣԶЩգȴҲ˸
ˣ峤̻Ҳ죬ǣͷ죬ĸͳְյļͥĿ䣬ʾɱ˴֧ᣬЩ͢ȼãӾܰȥ
ĸ峤Ǻף㿴·ҲߣҪðǸ귿û˳·ޡ
ջЩ·һٶð
峤˵Ǹα̵ͷӣ治һ
εЩӯ࣬񲻶Ҫȥˡ
ҿӰΪ֪Ҳͬ⡣
峤󷽣ҲӦˡ̻Ŵ£ҲԸʣ¡峤һ˵ϢĲˡնǾˡ
ƾ٣֪ˡ
ǰƵ£Щûġ
֣ұ۶ոɱ峤Ҳ
ֵ̼ĺ⣬峤Цɡ
һսȻǮԽȻĸһ١ٶ뷨ӡܰŵ۶ѽհúãٺò
峤ڹĿ⾭ӪٟRߡ


380 ֮



ĵ 
ٟR¡,̫ʦɵ顣ԱȱԷǰֵ֧۶ǵĺɽ֧иѡһ
Ǹ顣
ɵ̫ʦĽ,½̫ʦ
ͬʱ,Ҳѳ͢ع֮,ػǴʹͣó,볯͢ǰ׼
Ҳǰ֮䳣е,,֮,еóҪС
ʱ䡣
̲ʾɵ,ɵԽ겻ɱ¾ΪɣһƳٵնJ
ɱܣԼݸسǱ֮,ʧء˰ֱӽɡ
ѩ˪,˰ļٶӦǸӣǰԽĸСɱո,֣罻ϵɱǴͷеĴͷ
ԼɱؽЩҪ޶֧
׽⡣
ô߹°,˼ȴǱֵĽͷö
ıеսҪ,ս,һܿ͢,ľҪ򡣶е,Ҫʵʵóġ
ҲҪ,Ϊһֱеǹģ׼ҪΪ
ҳǮ󻧣ŵĵ¿֧ҲСĿ
½۶ԴĺϱɽҲҪװáһʱ˲ϣû硣
ҲûǮı죬ֻɵԮɵ˽Ⲧ飬̫֪Ҳ˽Ⲧһ֧֧
Ϊˣʥĵ
Щӣǿ֧ܰ͢Ӧѵʱ䡣
ٵӣһֲģǾ
Ʃ磬ʷ̨ĳ׶ûˡ
˵ǽѣʷ̨Լ취
̲µ۶һĴ𸴡
ԭһ԰׷ģȡˡ
ʷǸˣƽʱΪֽ͢ꡢţѵҪΪ˳ɶġʷֱȥɵҪ˳Եĳס
̲鿴ЩĽûʷӣǰŲ졣ǰҲûʷ棬еطޣϵá
ӹǶǧ
ʱĲᡣ
ͺģ˶˵á˺ѽⲻͷô
ڵ۶ĸǰѰϣԣҲûͷķա
͢Ͳ£зŪǮ
ȷе˵лŪǮˡ峤
ĸƤĺԴ峤ѽշһѣֵİǣôڷ絲ĵطˡ
ڻȥ·ÿܷ˵㡣
һĻԿɸˡ
ĸţ峤治ͬƣȻд֮ġ˵˼ڲˣʵĺү
ĸЩŸܸɵˣ޶ĸƿԼ׾ţ峤Ǯķӡ
ܽⲻǳ˵ɣʷ̨̲£˼طԺգλ˹λҲߣͨģ۱Ȳˡǵ۶ķˣһҲûɶ춯صĴ󰸣ôѺţҲܷšǰã޷ǾǳЩ곯͢ίʵˡûķӡĸһͨ࣬ǿǰǲ·ķ롣
峤Ц˵ôˣԭ²š
Ҳȫ£ԭҲЩҵľ֮ĵġĸʵ˵СʱϼҳҼһãʳܲ֪Ѱ˼ʲôӣѰʲôġǷͷԴ󣬾Ͳ֪Ʒ˼ҵݶ
Щ٣Ҿ룬̤̤ʵʵЩʵ¡ҲޣŪЩУ¾ǷȱЩJ
ʶһĳ޲ѧϰġ
峤ǷθǴĻƤ񣬡ʲô°ɣ
ĸһ峤ٱòԼ紵ɹףЦǺǵأΪʦΪʦ
Ĵǵط۶ǿĴ˹˽ӵıԡ
ĸ֣ҲǸҸһ̫ʦЯôS
Ĵˡ
ĸתһ룬ЦЦҲǡҽӵʱ˺һӣ븸׵ࡣǼҸҲƫܡҶû۶١
л䣬ĸ˵¡峤룬ɡׯҪͨˮ㿴Ǳж֣ʱ߰һͣ۶
ĸʱϲʤʲôۻֻܿڣķˣǸĳԿͻ¡
ǵܽһܸͣŴաûɸɵʱڣҲΪ˵ˡн࣬ܲš
Űɹͨ
סˣһͷվǽǱ˫һֲǳʷ飬ûͷ
ڼѰ˼ãҲûó׼⡣
ǡ
ǰ̫̫󣬼׸۾ܹӡˣû
۳ˣɹûλ̳Ȩ
ҪǸӾͺˡ
²ǵճӣֻҪǻӣƾһƴҲվ߶
ƫλ
վվ̫ӡ
̫Ӹûվ̫ӻվء
վ£±Ѫ߹ػʱͲ֪ûнպ˵ˡ
ֱΪվӵ³ᡣ
ǵģ̲ҪĿСƨϡ̲ӶûС
ǽǰ̡
һ淢һռϢȻͷֵǰɹͨ۶ǵûﲹ۶ķ˻Ǯš
֪ĸǸ˲ţȴδĸͦ۹⡣ͷעµĺò˳
һĥõǰģڹס󹬣ֲǹʦٹ˳ž
ǣȫʰۣ峤ҲǾʶ
ֻͬưˡ
ĥţ̲ҲţҲȥѰܷؽҲȥ峤ˡ
峤ӵӣòӴ峤Ϊˣίʵûɶ־ͬϵĻ⡣Ϊһ飬峤ڳΪʱ̹λٳǰİ硣
οҪ̲֧֡
̸峤˵ׯ԰ˮĻѾ۶ˣҪׯϵ·һͲߣ붼޳ӲģԺҲ㹫ȥ档һͣƷѣֿΣ
һĴȣУ̲ˣ
ǵķʳ䣬ܸίĴϹϵֱһ˫á
ǵ峤飬˳峤ҶŮĻԼҺӻ綨鶼Ҫ峤Ů׼ɶġ
ׯ԰ȡѰ˼һҪһɣׯ԰Ĺµ軧ӺùЩ峤Զ˳ȥ
˹ǮЩ÷׵ķӣҵ峤˵ԨԴ뽻飬Ȼίʣû÷ĻƣǴҲзˣҲǹţȥÿشǿ
峤ܴ󷽵ıʾׯ
ȫ۶ķ˶ȥɻˣ±Ѳʷ֪ȥΪ¹عʷɵۡ
ɵĿɿڴʷ̲¡۶˵ʪ䣬һ򵽻ɻԷ棬Ҳܽ˵ķʳҲû÷ȥ˸ɻǲù֪֪¡
ɵ۵һʹɡ
£ٟR֪ġ
˵۽˵ˡڳ͢Ŷܼѣ仹ǧ硣ٶųԽҪ磬Ҳһ¡һпܣЩطҪǲȥġЩӽģûģܳȥǳЩׯϳЩףԸ⼾Ҳͺˡ
ɵ۵ôû˵J
ʼ͵۶ļˣҲ֪̲Ҳ֡˵ֲʲô£ҿÿΪӷĲˡ
뵽͢ǮԽɵһٟ̾R£Ҫ˵һȻʷ̨ʵҸǰһ֪Ҳá
֪ˡٟRʹӦ¡


381 ֮



ĵһ 
ٟRĳԮ峤ڹ,¶ʷ̫Ҳ˵ˣʷ̫ûϡûȥ,˵,ǵҲʷ̫ĳ¡
ʷ̫һӡ
ǵġ
衣
ʷ̫ĥţһóһʿ,϶ӡҪģ衣
,ٻ
ʵ,Ǻٶ,迣,ǵˮǻˮ͵۶컹ǳζѬˡ
,ս£ʷ̫ΪǺżΪҪĻǹ,
Ҫǳǽ޵ĺ,ڳ㰲ĵġ
ԣʷ̫ö󣬳ŸϿεʱ,е㲻˼ĸˡ
ٟRû˵裬ԵƵ,Ҳʷʦĸ顣ʷʦһ˼Ϊǽɽ,ֲΪ˽ġ
,ٟRҲûֱӾʹӦ,üʮ˵,ø²ա
ٟR˵,ҵǻһٶ
ʷ̫۾һл¿ˡ
ȵȵȵȣٟRۼֿסʷʦҪдĵضͳ͢;ҿûʮ꣬һġ
ʷ̫ظǲܣ껧һӣȰѹӸһֲ٣
ٟRû̴Ӧ˵ʷʦһǷĵġ룬ǰѺֻ֣ǲóҵɡһֲ٣Ҳܰ׸迣ӵҿҪУ̾ͰӸ㡣ҪǲУҿɲġ
׼ʷ̫Цĸ仨Ƶģû⡣ϳ͸
ðɡʲôʱ򷽱㶼С
żӵʷ̫˼ڵͺܷ㣬ͺܷ㡣
ǣʷ̫ΪΣһЪع緹ûȡӾ͸͹ˡ
Ҫ˵⳼󹬣ǹ빫һкοɱܻģ
ʷ̫ӣʣ½ܿɣ
ɡ
ϳ밲
ðɺðɡ
ͷһֺǵĸˣٟRЦ
ٟRʵ̵£Ҳ㿴滻ʱٟRӷ棬ЦȻ裬ΪλҪʷʦ
ٟRӹڣ죬Щ֣ǿʷʦſһأŽʮСɶ
翴ʷʦȻӣȴѵӵĻӽӵĽ٣ЦֲϢôʷʦˣ
ȻˡٟR˵ʮḶ́ܶһһˣ̤ũ﷿ᣬٻׯأһʡĵսװеҩĹ͢ķˮһȥ͢Ѿ벻ˡ
͢أ
ٟR̾Զݹ˲ϣ˵ġܰȥҵĵͷֻһƬߵѰ˼ҡ͢м迣ӵĲʹЩٵİգһ͡
ơǵҪʷʦô
ҵ㿴ʷʦдģҲûдյĹǮĴм룬ûյĹǮϵģѵǽа׹ٟRӵݸ档
ϸЦˣ֪迣ӵ£۵ġҲΪһ㶼ˡ
ԭٟRϸ룬üһǻ峤ɻķˣ˻һͣġ
һ㶣Ȼͬۡ
ͷͬʵݾǲ緸ġٟR̾ʷʦҷ˵˵ɣʡǮʲôǮ
¶Ц⣬ĳ
ǮҪ
²ܶ׬Щ
ʶڶʷ̫ٟRһͨԹ˵٣Сĺܣϧա
ʷ̫ԩ
ؾͲˣֻ۸˰ɡĸȥǮȻҸ׼Ŀ
ʷ̫˵ǰͷӿɵöü򣬵±Ǯ谡
نҾ治ˡ
ʷ̫̱죬ӹӣֳ㣬ȥҪȥģӽʮˡ
ٟRӣûһ絽ŵ̧ӾС
ʷ̫ϲл¡
ٟRЦеأֲˣʷʦҪѴֻܿڣ𲻺˼˵֪˵ģֻҪ£Ҷ㡣
ʷֵ̫ļۣѾ̫ãǫǫֺʵϣ̽һ䣬ǵ»ܲٽʮһһ׮Ҫ¡
ֻҪֶգ˵ʮȫ㶼УҲҰ뷨ӣҲӸŪ˭Ҳ󹤲£˭ҸʷʦĽģ
ʷ̫ϲ۷Ź⣬ҪڣȴٟRסȺӵ˵ҵۼӵڶ׮ӵ¡
ʷ̴̫»عк׼迣ӵ¡
֣˵ӵ겦ôˣ
ߣָʷ̫ЦҹӣһԴ˵ŵŽӾСӵݸɣĿһֶ١
ӣʱӾ壬Ǵͨ󡣡
ʷ̫ɪֵһ룬˵ˣȼӵѴҲֻͬ뷨ӡ
һ⻰ʱ޲ܸոٟRһҾ´ȱ
̾ⶼǵ˵ʦ֮鰡
ٟRûŸֱ֣һأҹҪʷʦһӡʷʦ˵Ҫ迣ӵԭӦǮûǮˡʷʦͦģҾͰǮʷʦˡʷʦ˵Ǯͻҡ
ٟRӸ£صʽӱʱR˵û
ǽ˵ģϹ˵˽Ƶӣ˵һ絽Ÿ
Щ֣
˵ʲô
ǰ£Rһģûᡣ˵
ԭɷҲˣǰԱ֮£ٟRͲͬɷˡӱ룬ʷʦӦøġʷʦҲû½裬ǸRġ룬޷ǾʷʦΪѡȻΪһȿڣӦˡٿڣӦӦأ
Ĭһ֪̾곯ָܻ͢Ԫ
ӱο·İɡ˵ҪӣֻҪһģҲûʲô
ЦЦӦ⻰
Ȼû뵽ǣʮ֮ڣ󹤳̣ٟR˽ȫʷ̫
˵ɵุӣڸǶվ
ԭ֮ĩڣʷ̫·磡Ѱ˶Ŀ뿵飬˼Ҷˣ̫æûգ
հʷ̫ķɣø첲ײһ£˰ɣ̫ʷ̫һɣ㻹⡣㿴ʷ̫⾫ͷڲ
ƿĸ첲ҿ۲ɣ
ҵȻ۲ˡҪ֪ô󷽣źҲøĲˡһٶ򰡣
ľһ
ðɡ
Ҳеڵġ
ʵʷ̫Ҳʦǰܾˣ֪ϻͷôģͻȻһٰʮȴת⣬ëԼȥѧˡ
ϻͷ
ˡ
ٟRǮˣͳ峤ȥˡ
ڴ󳤹ٟRԼǮȫʷ̫¸峤峤ƣɵƯ
С˾ӦĽʷ̫ˡ
ٟRЦеأȥ·ͷĵطˣڿˡҲṩʳЩİ˵ԼģҲСܱߵĵ̶ˡ
Ȼ˵ĵط⡣
ֻ̫٣Ǯ࣬ʮʮֻ̣Ҫտϳлɡﶬ£ɻ׬ǮʧͲʲôˡ̼Ǯܸ͢˰˰ˣҲܿԣЩٟR峤ŪǮķû
а峤ȿڲ裬ɵĻش
ٟRæʣʲôңڿȱǮˣ
谡ûǮȻҪǮ
ٟR˵˭裿
峤΢΢һЦһֻװõСѣҪôǮĻܸҳ
ٟR󾪣ǰҾͿ峤ͦǮģû뵽ôǮ
峤ûʧְѵϣҿûôǮ˵ܸ½
Ҳа곯͢˰ͻ
С̫٣¼ȻҪ裬һǧ򡣡峤ָݣذָմһˮһ²ֻ۶вܽӵĳ򣬶Ҫ͢ʩɱؽ£Ҫǧ
ֲûŵٟR͢һ˰ղĿٟRǣһǧĿ͢һóôǮŵף׻н˰м仹˰룬ŵ괺⣬в㣬ٽ費١
͢һҪЩǮġΪҪЩǮ۶ĺŴ󻧣εİڵµսϡ峤Ŀ⼫Ϊƽƽлա
ٟR۾ɨһۣս峤ұֵô𣿡
峤ǵµˣȻܿµ¡ǿġ
ٟRɿ¶峤˵£ԭ룬иʺͻ֣ҪҾͲٲģǲҪһʡġҷǳڡҵʱ֪óӳףɸʲȰһˡýɽǡ
ʮֺڡ
ٟR۾︡ˣǰΪΪֻҪ찮񣬾˹Ρ֮Ҳײ
СһֱҵҳһֱҡΪ˽ԣǻĸϲܶ˰ͽϲһζûô󽫾ΪҲܺãѧΣ棬һܡ
ҵʱҾȥ
ǿߵġ
ٟRԼ˫֣ȨҲѬĵĴ£
ɱʮ߾ʮգһȫˣ϶лߵˡЩˣ̫ԩˡ
ǲսң޴ٟR͵һȭϣѶһ¡
ٟRһ˵Ц㷢Ҳŭ¼ǰҲƽڹ̸Ĺھֹ糣ķŭ
Ϊǵĳ͢ôһ޴˽ܵľҧأ˸ʪӳͫڳòų˿˻ȥһȨһΪԶľҾóΪ޴ʧȥҪ⽭ɽң
ٟR峤һһ޵ȡ֮ΪΣҵĸ£Ҳĸҵ


382 ֮İ



ĵ˶ 
峤ٟR,ĿдһЩ
ӿڿϻбҸʸľôԼȡµģһ·ǼΪġ
ٟRҪ˭,峤,ǽӵô죿
峤ٟR²һֱš¿ôôǮô
ǰٟR˵,ǡ
Ҹߵ°ɡܿŵģǵطǵ۶š
ٟR̫Ծ,ԭ¿أ
¿ʷ,ʼҡԻ´󻧶ϵܡ
ʲôĴ󻧰ǳ,ôŵģٟR,һɴ˵͸Щ
һ㼴ơŵĲԵͭǮ̫,Я㡣ԣһʼǽӴ˵أ˵ȡ,ЩǮܿ,ŵ̼ҷ֣˵ǮŵŲ̾ãô,ڿ˲Ǯʱ䣬ⲿǮŵġ,óȥӪ,󡣡
峤,,ɵǮҪܷѵӪ,תΪԸΪ˱,Ը⽫ӽǾӪǻһʱ෵Ǯ˵⡣
󻧵ǮͽŴôٟRʣһΣô죿һô죿
ЩȻкԼ涨ο̼ңӾԲ峤󻧼㽫ӽţҲһ֮ǻɹ¹ȥźϻĳ׮⡣ԼõķֳɡǲѰġ
ŶԴ󻧿Ը󻧣߲ش󻧳ǮֱТɹɣΪҪдɽ
ٟR룬ԵҲûʲôͬ
ǮЩһġ峤
ƾܴ¿Ǯô
ⲻ󡣡
峤ͨ󣿣ٟRĺܡ峤Ȼܸɣֽιӡ˵ڽⷽ棬峤еߵġٟRʣŵˣ㶼ô
ø졣峤ǲ̼֣ʶ̵Ĵ󻧾Сʲô̸ģǵ̸
֪ǵ̣
ֶ̼ǱŵģƩţ̵ľǽش塪ҡԻ´壬Ҳϵü峤ƩУȻƼΪס֣Ϊףɽǿϡϡлҵ峤Ѿڵ۶ˡ
ٟR˵Ȼ뵽Ǯķӣڸû벻
峤һڸǰ곯͢ٽϹٳ̫ʦεɱ˿涼ϽҪ˽Ҳȥ۶ٳ٣˴ȥϵ꣬ɽϵ֪꣬Ǳ᲻ҡ̫ʦµˣϻɱսܵǿڣ򶥶࣬ٶ࣬ûеġ
ٟRǳ̫ʦ峤˵ԭ벳һˣ̫ʦ͸ԼʶȤǹٵģֱҲû࣬Ĺĸɱȥˡ
峤Ƭ̣౱ս̫ʦô֪ڴʲô⻹Ƥԭ򡣵СЩ϶ġ
ٟRף˵ĸΪͶԵ
ĸǿɣһΪգ˻ظ۶Ƕôˡ
ٟRʣ̫ʦһô
峤ҡͷѧʿӲ
֪ʲôԭô
һ׵׵¡峤۶ûռ鱨꣬ѧʿ֮飬Ϊ⡣һ꣬뿵ܶϻس׼ࡣҪ֪λֻ߸һλԺѧʿƫˡ뿵ҪܶҪתطܶпλıǨ
뿵ǡ
سϸϸоȻѧʿд㽻ʵһλˣλжŮˣǳ뿵һѧʿԭ䡢ﶼϼġ
뿵̵ѧʿһТ˵ѧʿŰ밮Ůڵ۶ܣԭϼҳ
µʱֵĺܴƾѧʿΪԼѣ˵нٺϼҹĸסҲܲס뿵춾뿵ҧˣûбȵ۶ٺõĵطϼҾǸʺؽ㲻ӵ۶ǲТ
˼ȱµ£˵ѧʿϼҰѧʿԭճӶӵ۶ˡ
ѧʿ꿡ϼҵλԵЩֲˡ
ѧʿǸϧë飬ȥ֮λ
Ȼ뿵˳ڵ۶񲿣Ϊࡣ
ٟRпѧʿȷп飬ȫ
ĸһ۶֮ڹӼˡƾپеǳɼҲһ㣬׵ۣһֱΡ
ԭˡٟR֣ص۶ĺ£ѧʿôûǰĺŪһ
ûƼԵĶӡ峤οЩ꣬ѧʿ֮ѧ񣬳ƵϾľ䲻һһҲ޿ȡ֮ĸζ꣬ݶԶŮƫ۶λʺ˭ﻹġ
ٟRףѧʿУΨĸǳˡ
Ȼ˵пȡ֮ұᡣץס˵Ҳ̫ʦץסˡ
£ѧʿٟ֮RСڡ
ٟRľҹϵáȨǾᷴԡҲûи׽㣬ûбȨ
ǹôģ峤ʡ
ٟR󽫾ӹȥҲȸˣһмҽһճҡⲻ󡣡
밢ʶ˴˶˽⡣ٟR׼Ұղ󡣵ҵĲС
״󽫾һֱδñ֮սеµ֧֣׼ס峤׼飬һֱйע׼ңֻҪ֣׼ұȻЧġ
ٟR֪״󽫾Ȱ鼫
ٟRҸҲ˵һܺأʲôãˡ
ôˣǰ峤й¡ң껥Ϊףϵϳ˲ͬ峤Ƽң׼ұȻĲ
ٟRоϣ˼ʺԥǾô졣
峤ǺЩԥҪֱӵλǲסȻ۶ÿƣ̼̫ѵͷοܶ
ʲôġαôҲҪôҴӲںȰѴȨٟRϸУѾٿˣ
峤ɿòʱƣȻϷǳ峤ֵҪһλǿɲþܰ쵽ˡ
Ȼػٺò
¶Լ飬峤ʼһǣģʹҵ̫İ̽ô
ٟRףˡ
ֵҸ׵ġ
峤δйذ֮̽¡
鶨£峤һ䣬нңҪ綨⡣
¶ڹĸϣʲôҪ綨⣿ٟRü΢ڹĸ游淽ʱͺ˰ɡ
峤ٟRĺƤ۷̲ס˵ǻ
̩Ŷ󣬰̩ǻҵ棬ǽҵ档ٟRǹճһĨЦ˵̩ܴػȨҷǵգҪΪȨġܣҲûʲôʮһʮ꣬긻ǿҿûʮȨҪܻһ꣬ʱͿ˭ùңܴҡ
ٟRԻȨʱ̹ȣǲ̰һ۷һеȡ峤̲ס¶Ц⣬ǳԤף³ˡ


383 ֮ľ



ĵ 
ڶ,ٟRȥ˳̽
ԳҸӳ£ٟRü⡣ˣŰųӵ,ٟRľ
ʶ,ҶٟRҲǼȸм׽
ڽ꣬Խ˽⼫
γ͢ϱɽ,ȸȱԶԶģȸְְ˾,ҪҪעм֡
Ҳδ˽,Сĳĸ֪ν졣
̹,µ۶,뵽ǰλ볯Ľ󽫾һһ,νͶұϿҵСȸְ
ֵλӣٽһ,ֻƽƽ
ٟRų˵,λνսսСĽٟR⵹Ǹϸˡ
˵ȷ̰Ȩ
ȸΣ
ͦáԼס½졣Ǹ,Ȳڵ۶꣬սҲؽϾ,µ͵סȸһЩ,֪궼,¡
ٟR˵,Ǹ֮ˡ
Ҳͬ,ȳǿĶࡣʱ̫ʦ۶ȸĴ󽫡
˵,Ͼش󽫾СߵĺܽǧҲʱңǵҲ˵ɿȥҿش󽫾ǶԵʾõ˼
֮ϲˡٟRʣôش󽫾Ϊˣ
뷽ش󽫾ĸֻһλƷ佫ʱȢԭ䣬ŮҲǵճɼ۶졣Ҹʱͳش󽫾ҵ͵Ҫҿʱڱµģɾɱܡ֮սѾף²ǸõִֵˡͶЧµ£Ͷʯ·һµµ˼
ٟRｻ񣬡ͼؼţҲ֪ϲܸɵˣҲϲˡ
ˡ
ٟRع˽ղص±涼ĸأٟRһֱĶ
ΪֳǱҲЩأٟRӱӱ˵ҲǼµĺ¡ʱãǳһݷŵԭͻҲʲô
ǡ
ٟR˵ҵֻӼ͹ѧоԺɩ㲻ùңԸ˭͸˭
ӱЦʣԺˣ
Ժѧʿ̫ʦӦ棬Ҳϲ
ٟRϲļֱӣң˵ڵɡ
ʷ̫ذѧʣŹҪأڽʱϢٟRѹ±ݸʷʦ͡ʷִ̫һº޲ܴ˹ʹרѧˡ
Ӵɶǡѽһһĺ鰡
ȻˡٟR˵ҷҲûտóɰѧʵо˵鼮Щѧʶ޲ɣ˳ϼŵݣ־֮ж
ؽ纣ʶԶ鼮ļֵڴС
ʷ̫ϡһ飬ٟRʷʦϻʷʦ˵ϵĹǰɣ
ʷ̫һ̧ǰ
ȥ㣬ҪӣҸ
ʷ̫ϲĪԼпյ㣬զ˵ôʷ̫ģʣ´Ķ裿
¿⣬ǶǮҴǽ衣ٟR˵Ҳ֪࿪Щ̣иĵؽӡӣӾܺûǮԵõġûǮ̼־⡭תܸ͢͢ǮԵľͲ赣ˡ
ʷ̫׵ģֻҪɲСĿʷ̫еʣܽ٣
ٟRһЦҪ٣Ҿܽ١
ǰʷ̫ٟR˵ֻҪɵĺãӶȥŪ
ԭȫҵԼʷ̫ͺܸмˣû뵽ȥͷȥˡ
ȥ;۷ϣʷ̫ȰԼŵ¸㶨ҲŸͬţҿԵҲȱǮ¿ܲҲһǣ
ٟRڳϵãҲĵġԵţʲôŰ˵ãҲԸˣҿǲġ
ǺĽµˣԾ޿ʷ̫ûڲٵٟRƨˣ²ǳֱ׿ô
ȱǮôӲһô
˵ȽűҲÿšοɱؽĲ˵еݾ͵õһȥǾ޶Ŀˡ£۶²Ľԭĵطã¼׶ûǮ
ٟRͷǷ飬ԡ
ʷ̫Ϊͬſʷ̨˾ٹٷͣʷ̨ΪǮģӦӣʷ̨ͺá
ٟR䲻ϲʷҲͬʷʦ⻰
ţʷֱ̫Ϊ̲˻ٟRһ֣㲻ýˣǾ񲿺ͺԺģ
ʷ̫Ҳϲ飬ѧʿҲ鲻񲿺ͺԺԱû°
ߣҲǣʷʦن£ʹӹǮ
ʷ̫̲Ҷ໰ˣٟRӡ
ٟRܰﳯ͢ӵ£ҲûŸ֡ɵۺԸ⣬ٟRҲӽ񲿺ͺԺ
񲿺Ժ˵˵飬ɵֱӴӦ˹ŮУҲ֪鲻Ը񲿱ҲϸٟRӵ¡
ٟR˵Ҳҽ裬峤㻹ǵ
ǵãǸ˽ô
ţűȽ죬֪͢ѣ͸ҳ⡣ȰѽŹȥվܻ̼ˡǴҲֵ̼ġţҲɣȽǰô
ף峤ĲŸɣβְ͢
ǸˡϻȥˣӦ˭֪ôģ峤ֲʱææˡٟR˵
֪иʽĹˣǿȻǳ͢ڸɡƻ
ٟRûʱӣɲʷʦġҶʷʦ˵õģԭҲǳ͢մʷʦĹ⡣
ЦŴӦʷʦʲôʱôҪˣ
ǰǾʷʦ߶߶û꣬ƫۣҲȤҲãʷʦʵ˿ɿٟRѧʷʦɴ˫۵ӣһ˵ܽӣʷʦֻ۾ˢôžžķŽ⣡
ɵ඼ٟR⻰Ц
ٟR£ܣҾͲˣһԵҪæɸʹһҵʹߣв˳죬Ҳʡ黹õѰңʹ߾ܻҡ
ɵʣ˭ȥ
Ͱհɡڹ⣬±ˡ
ٟRչԼ볯֮͢¡
һչɵ۵Ӧˡ
⣬ٟR٫h֣ڹĹΧѲӣһѲӹܱߵҵһѲӹ̽ȡ
ٟR˵ԭҲܼ򵥣̣ǽӡÿԼûб̰˷ѡ
ֳֿСʹߡƣÿҪٟRдһݱ档
Уڽͽ̫ٟ࣬Rͦæġ
ҪʷʦڸЧùϵɣȥŪǮˡһٟRоԹеߵļһùŮ˷ݺ
ڽҲȱǮ󻧣ȸ󽫾ǧгС塢ش󽫾еĳｫĴУϸ²еļѣԼҪӵĵط
׼ңˣ״󽫾ùŮֱӽϵ
ٟR˵ףĻŵġ״󽫾ҲֻһֱûǶŵĶۼ١
׹ЦеأҲ˵ҵƽղ㣬ʱšõģҪҲġҲŲΪ˵¡֪˴ϲãϲôܶಹһЩ
ʵȱǮ׹ĸٟR˵дõģֻҪ۶ָշĳϣзڡǰз̻ᶼТЩҸײãǸͷ˵ġЩѲֵģʹȽۣչЩ
Щ
еġ׹ССȻһ£۶ҲһݣҶиȡ̻Ͳ̼ˣҲǷء
ǰ״󽫾
˵Щû׹ЩЦΣҲ֪ҵ̫ҼڳͲ⡣ǰɱҵŵİѹٶˡ֮սеӦҼһЩս
֮ս֣˧˵㣬׼ӵϳ֣ҵȷӦ
Ӧ׼ңΪľǰ̫ǰǵ顣
׹ʱ£ҵԵ·ǳмȴøߵ̫ϽˣʱͲ׼ˡ
ٟRҲܡǰ˵Ҳ㣬Щࡣ
ô˵¶Ƕлػ
Ͳ˵Щˡð״󽫾İɣԺҾùװѪٟRɫ䱾ڡĸܻסˣһܻסǡ
׹˫ֽڶǰٟRһ˵Ըд˴֮ҵĸףǳŮ
ٟRסϣǸŮˡԷƱĶҪ֮
׹ﾪϲֻܷԸѰСһ
ٟRҪ԰׼Ҷһ˽⡣
ٟRǵСѰ˲ʹڳʾãϤЦɡ亲ԺԺٟR鵥߲ˣ̫ӣ̫溲˵飬ѧʶԨʺϰ﹫ЩصĹ伮ˡ
̫൹Ҳ溲ֽ飬κòǸ˵ˣ˵ٺûûٟܺRԺֵƫ
Ժ޷ֻˡ
̫ӴһЩϲãص𣬾͸д飬󹬵
ٟRؾΣβſϼ
ԺͲϣʮ꣬ڸꡣ϶꣬ƤɹЩڣֹ̿ɼ
ԺżɽϳϳסϳԭҲǹٻ磬±ϲϳǨŭ֡ѧʿʿʮˣѧʶԨ֮飬ȴߴ͵Ѫܼ£ˣǵµĹô
ǵĹӼ࣬ҲԳԺԶϳдôǳʣҪˡ
鲻޹ء֪ΪʲôôٟRʡ
ԺҲǸ̹ˣ¶̫ʦ½֪̫ʦ־ͬϣȻҲֵ»ϲ
˵ĺܶԡٟRҵȷΪ̫ʦԵʲϲ㣬ͬǳе£һ˾㡣
ΪԵڸ󣬴̫ʦһ£̫ʦ̫ʦôûвͬʱô
Ժ⣬̫ʦЯǾѣȻͬˡ
ٟRһЯĲ̫ʦǳ͢ٵĲ̫ʦǳ͢ǳ͢Ժѧʿ̫ʦԺѧʿ
ٟRŭԺ翴㲻˳ˣͬͬûϵͬǸͬ͡ʱ͸˵㺲ԺӦô
һǶ޵ԺҰ䱾Ժ
ֵô
ĻҰ䱾ȥɣ
ٟRԺһٺϳ˺µ
˵ԺĲ״ⰲοԺһԺǺְܾĴְдҲá
Ժ䱾û󵽣ٳ
Ҿ˵ñȥɲЩʲ䱾Ҳѽ
Ժƽ飬㣡
鵹飬ҪҲʾã˵ˣӣҲһͭ塣
ֲ֣ӾҲƿ飬ॵˡ
ٟRڳеСҲ٫hз䶼˸ŮS
˵٫hٟR֮ȥѲӹܱߵҵΧôǸˣÿ춼Ҫȥһء
ۻϸϸ߷ãʱҪѰɾһ
ЩЩɵҲõ򣬲˶ĵطС⡣
ЩС⣬ŵ˼ˣҲΪѵġ
С⣬ޣǽũá
ЩС⣬̻ʶҲò̻ıӻ
ϵһЩӰӵĴһͰѰЩǷǡ
Щ˲ȥŹʹѰܱЩСС鷳óͭ壬Ȼʹ졣
٫h磬Ҳ˵ġ
ȻۿиüкԶǮ̯ÿŰ峵һڣڿˡڳæ˴Ůк˳ʳ
ǵǮϷ˼ҹŮ
٫h侹д˶ˣĻѪ£û룬һֻͳǶŮӶֽŵк˹ȥ
žһк־ͱҸš
кҽȥ򣬼٫hĵ٫hȥָкֱ£ʵڲˣ˾䣬å
̴ӵץ͵۶У
٫hǰ칫£ܵ͵Щк̴Ѿ֪ЩġҲҶ֡ץסǸֱŲӴ󺰣ǵ۶ͷ˭Ҷң
٫hɨɨʵ޳֮ֻܴ̯ӵһִֻˮ˵Դһӣкֱβˣٲˡ
٫hһָкǣǸȥ۶Ǵ֮ȥ
ͨͨأۿͷֱԸȥ
٫hʾ⣬ˮʹһк۶ȥˡ
ϣкǰһ̧Ǹ̴ǣͷҲк͵ܡ
٫h书ֻΣ۶ЩǾŰյõ۶һҪѵ⽻Ǹǵ۶ͷв˽ˡ
٫h½ĸĶսս֤һãЩˡ
٫h˽۶ؼȥˣоչʮֲףĸס˵ǼͨСնͷĲҵ
̫̫ͷˡ
֣Щдھȼʱߵ¡
٫hͷ˫Ҳ˵й;бͷ
λЦ
٫hֻǺѰľٶȴڰм䴫￪˵һλŮ·ƽεʮֵ塣
պ٫hٳѲӣۡ
٫hЩ˼ǿеĺߣѲӵĺ档
仹ְ֮㣬Ӵһѱʮϣӽ
һ֮ʱɱոĺϢͬݱĻһϲ֮£Сţվͽδ󽫾˻ص۶
ͬʱ󽫾󽫾ѶҲȷ
⣬ɱ֮սϹδ󽫾һǰ
ʱҲСԽղɱһ֮սˡ
ͬʱ֣ո򱱹أɳʹţ׸۶ͣؿóˡ


384 ֮



ĵ 
չｫ͢һϸϸϸٟR,һΪ͢ϡǰ͢ٳ͢˰ʱ򻹿,˰,ʣµĺ껹ɡ
ٟRͷˡ
չЦ,Ҳ࣬Ҫλ̸Ϊ,ԭǸʳ̻,ڸ̼һ,ҿʮꡣ
ʵʺϺԺ,ƫԵɺϳ˻顣λʱ鰸ǻĺ,ȻΪࡣٟRҡҡͷֻ־ް취֪ʵ̫ʺϻλӡ
չ,ѽŹȥ,ͺùˡ
ǰСţ̫ˡٟRԻϲС,ȥӭ
ðչʣ󽫾ѡ
ٟRȻһ̾,û,ӦҲˡ
ʬñ,ɼʱս֮ҡ󽫾,£ֻСһˡ
չ,СȻ,ǽ֮ˡԺ֧ţֻҪﷱïο󽫾Ȫ֮ˡ
ٟR˵˵ǲŮôôܴѽ
չ۲ŸɣҲСģ
ٟRչǰǻẈ̂۶Ҳûȥǰһ档޲ؽӣȴҲǸ汾ˣ
ûʲôҳǿ˲кһǵ۶ǸҲ
ҲǰٟRŵģʱôôþͿá
չЦˡ
λŮǿսս£͸ɳʹ̸óίʵûϳ͢
ǿԵڷŭжһεۡ
͢ټս£ȷҪ벳޽ƽ֮Լ
ոոɱʧҲҪϢ
ٟRȥС²δˣʹֳֳ£οжưţͲȥˣ˸ղ¸ٟRͬ
δ󽫾ǧʣµ򱱹ؾ֮á˻ǰЦ
ٟRվͤԶǰ̳ȻԶҲ簴಻ס׷ԶȷǹǰǹҪܳȥӭӡ
δ󽫾뵽Ƴ˻ӭӣϾСǲסû뵽Ҳڣδ󽫾æ첽ǰ
СӣһҲٟRԷˣСӭ㡣
Сȥֵܾ֮񰮡
Ҿǵ룬ǰС㲵ӣٟR֮ܣﲻ䡣뽫ͦţһǡ
ܾ֮ǶٟRܽϲá֮šٟRĲŸɣ⵱Ȼǲܷϵġ
˽һЩᱻ˸۷
δ󽫾ĵٟRĻףղ¸Ҳǰ̫ӵ빫һӭӳسǡ
Сظжл񣬿ʹˣĩسǣлᣬ԰л̫ӵ¡
ٺһСˣٴ빫һǡ
ݼҪʱ䣬ٟRȻغˡûֱСڲ£֪
ٟR¼ǵڶˣȫϡ棬ٟR֮һȳ󽫾ԤĸӸӣǵﲳʱжԲΪϳֱӵ˹Сһ
󽫾׼ڲӦûһ˿ΨһûԤϵģǹӢսеĸǿ
СҼ佫ҲЩʶˣӢʱҿ
ಳĽʿվڳµĹֱӾͶ򿪳ţӭӹǡҳһ࣬󽫾ʱ˳ʱɱճ󽫾סоСžɱΧ
һ·δӻ򱱹ؾ򱱹ƵϢ
ɱܡ
ӢսϵǻΪ쳼һ·£
СɱϰɢĽʿۺϻŵİա˵䶪ĻŮɱ򱱹صʱСȨ󣬶ûһǶЩսܵĽʿûƥҲûû취
СϽʿ¸֣˴æЭȰ򱱹
֮Сδ󽫾һص۶ˡ

͢ûСȻؼӴٰŲʹ
ٟRСƥϵս
δ󽫾سʱԳ٣û¤ϵϵԣߡΪ͢ϣ̻öбĽûˣС̣üʣµĳԡ
ϲӦ
δ󽫾һҪбҪԼıеУ
Ƿ򣬲ȻĶýδ󽫾
ǷҲиѽеȸãбҲӦˣõһȡĳˣҪҪ͵һ
δ󽫾ٲҲˣܲȥĽȥδ󽫾ΣĹ治
Ц¤ྫͨ˵󽫾ͬɣ
δ󽫾ͷˡյѵãڵ۶ü꣬û˵
Ǵ󽫾۶ǰ̫ӡ˹ӵʱģ׺¤ְ
Уӵܣڵ۶û˵
һꡣ
δ󽫾Цˣҳ١
Ҳ˵ҲĹ
δ󽫾ͬⲹĹˣҪûɹ̸£Ŀȥ
һ޴Ľ̶ܴȻ˳͢ΣŶɿץʱֵָطľý衣
æµУʹŵ۶
ʹΪؿóףް֮á
һ뵽еս£ר˾˵ĺ¶ûɶɫ
ӼࡢѧѧǶԲʹ
Ȼ˵͢ް֮⡣
ֻǣ͢ĿɿڴǣʹŻŮױšŮһ⣬ɵһŮɫ㣬ƷأŮܳȢ֮⣬ҲԸŮ볯УӴΪף֮á
¶ˣвɣ
ȻȢҳ
ڴ˿пӣͲʹһ澵ӣǺúգʲôҰ˵ؽ͸Ȣ
̫ʦһ顣
Ȳ˵ǰйֶΣûʲô߶˵֣֮˿ô¼ܴƽδΪɡ
οֹܴںƽдлѪá
ÿԵõ֮λôҵĺƽάָʱ䡣ƽ֮⣬óףԼ
ǹԼҲܳΪһ̫١
ο֮ս󣬹ڳ¡ѳֳĵز
뿪۶һڲڣ֧ӳڲıһϯ֮ء
ôⶼ볯̫͢
ǣ˳Ц쿪ʱ̫ʦĬûз
ҳЦ̫꣬ʦѾźһս
飬ΪشǷȱ̻ʶǷйŮ¼޲̻ô
ڳһ͸˻͸֣̫СҴ罥һءҴĽʽϵ˼Ҷ
Ҳʽ־ƳҵľɹɷΪڼڵ¡
һ飬ܳ
ʷ̫ǲǷˣ
û뵽ǣ˼žɵϳǷ׷飬Ϊ͢Ӧ֣ؿ벳֮¡
ŮҾˣǲҰѪԵۻѪ¼޵ȷҳ
ŭҳδսܣɺ¼޹
۫Ľͣ¼޹֮£ʱҲ¼֮ŮҲңԹűѺð֤
۫˼Ҳͬ¼޲
۫ΪһŮѪλҪӳĺӳΪ򸾣ʱг֧֣͢ùղҲǲ֮¡
ټٟRλӲð䣬ڳҲԵö֮δΪһŮ
ŮӣޣҲá
ǣȨ⣬۫ǳ޳ɹ¼֮¡
۫˽ɵۣ˵Լ˽ģȷڳ͢йɹ̫ԵҲʵΪύس󽫡˵֮ԣ̼ƣȥȨ޹ݻȨҲΪʵ
£ùȥɡƾĲŸɣΪҳȡ档
ϳʵڲټһλŮѳֳˡҳʿΪʲôһҪŮ˵ģ
ˡТ˳̫Ҳ񣬲޲֮ɵ۵ֻһŮùԶޣ
ʼҲɽģ֣ӡ
Ϊֹ֧۫¼޲۫Ҳͬϳֹ֧¼޵¡
һҷ֣۫ġ
ʱ֣Ҳ鳯͢볯۫͢Ӻ룬Ϊˣ֮ޡ
ϣ󣬳۫͢ȥ̲ŮΪΪ࣬Ϊ͢ҡģ۫ǼԸġ
۫ӱ֣ϱ̣ڳ󣬾Ҫȥ֣Ͻ֣ϲ˰죬¶ίɩ֣ҿɲǸ۫Ц֣ú룬ֱ֣ӵ֣۫ϵ޶ˡ
٫h׹ͨһ۫Ķ˵٫h֯ˣ۫үҲֶŸģ٫h˵øº˵ףºľλ˵ġ
ǸˣΪ˵ɷ򣬡ԵСֵĻˣ´ǵסҲ飬Ȼ˵ĶͿ
ǶʾǼԹ¼ҰˣΪɶù¼ްȫû
ҲŴ˸⹫ĪǷˣⶼϵʲô飬ʲôߣ
æĸ˵㿴˶ףҲץ̬д⹫ˣ֪ĻҲ빫¼Ұ˹ء
ưҲǳĲᣬ׸״ֹ֧¼ޣɩֺ룬ɩֵҲվӣ
һʱ䣬ѫԼԴ󳤹Ϊ׵ң׷Թ¼ޡ
˵ЩˣǧＫط
֣Ŷڴҡҡڰڵѧ·±̾͸ò¡ɱһֱ̬ģǲ飬һСˣôأ
㲻˵һ롣
˵ʲô˵¼ޣ͵ñ˵ԸΪҡ˵¼ޣС˵ġ
Ԫ߲ʵһӾˤˡְ֣Ѷ̻ԪֱֵлԴĸ׵ǰһһġ֣ݸȥι̣̫ѵ̬ô
̫ԭͲͬ
֪̫ӲͬʲôáЩù¼޵ĳӣ̫ӵı̬
ִͷҾ̫ͬӽ
Ǻ⣬֣׸һڽ־磬ֱƽϢ¡
ڶգ˽Ҹ˵һõˡҲЩ򷢲Ұ˻ȥ
ɸʱɵ۵̬Щ²ٿ
ԭΪһ仰ƽϢ£ɵ붫ûжЩ׼ˣ游飬ѵ»Ҫ¼޹ɣ
˵̬ȣһŵĽЩסɱɵ
Խɵۣĺôٶ࣬͢ҲʧȥɵʼǾ䣬RްŮԶޣ
Ļ˻ˣǲ˵ġ
ɵαһʶ޴֮ϡºͣܶԾֱˡ
˵˴صһ仰ҳ룬ҪޣǾ͵ڷ͵𡣡
˵꣬ˡ
ظ·ϣʹСѩ۶ķѩԶûмƽصĴ󣬵ܸԳǵĸо
ǦɫճѹУ˷ĶʺХӼžɭĻʳǡصĹǽ֮ڣȱӢٱĹʲôأ
뵽£ѵ벻
Χڹߵѫšʿ䡢سЩʲôأ
صУδֱȥ󳤹鷿˰ʱ¡
αס̫
󳤹ɷжϣޱȣⲻǷɵô
¼ɵһȨԶʤˡ
̫أ
̫в¡Զ۸͡
󳤹šüRҲһֱû̬Rʲô˼أ
֮սٟRѾõһȨɵҪԶ޵ķʽٟRٟ͢Rʲô̬أ
ٟRһ뿪۶ЩĳҪô죿
οٟRѾ˸ΪʲôҪ뿪ĳ͢ȥǧ֮ʺĲ¾Ӫ
ٟRûߣ
ɿɵ۵˼ǲٟRڳġ
ҪǣΪ̫ŮҪô죿
󳤹ֱɵˣΪʲôҪֻͷͷҪǰR֮սô˳ôڳ͢õӶǰRﳯ͢ģ
ɵô£ﴦŮŮ׸˭д
̫Ӵ̫ô
ͷһ
ڶӭ빬ʱ󳤹;̫Դˣ
󳤹ͦԽԽɵܸɵļȥýд󳼵ɵˣ
ٟRȨٟRǹǿƣ󳼾ֲ˵ٟRԼˣѪףʹ֡
ҪȨǸӻⲻô
󳤹ϱޣҲûִԣٟͬRܱȻȨֺ֮á
û뵽ɵ۱첻óĻ۲١
󳤹üģʵ˵ϴףɣ
ҵĳĬ½ζ


385 



֮
ҵĳĬó˼
˽ֹ,²빫Զްɣ
ڸг̫ʦ룬۶ʧĹԱٟRܵõ˵ϲֱ,ϳԿеǡе걻֣̫ѹ,ЩɻšɵִЩڵȵĻᡣ
Щ˹ְ,ǰۣⲢ˽¾ۼ,۹¼޵ֺô
ʷ̫Щס,,»Ǳ̬,òʹźŶƵġ
ʷҲһƬģͬʷ̫Ľ,ǡ䲻ǹܣ⼸Ҳ¡³͢,¼޸ŮͰ,Ķ¼޹
˽ҹ֮׵ֽ顢̲顢飬Լʷ̨ʷ,ͬ»ؾʹ롣
ʷ̫ԭ,뿵ҡ,ͬ¼ޡ
ʷ̫,Ҳ,㻹ûģ
ľͲϲˡ뿵,ȥһ̫ʦ,ҿ̫ʦҲͬҵ
Ҳ࣬Ҿ㣡
ʣͬ
ʷ̫˽Ȱ̫ʦһأȰ뿵һҲûȰ̫ʦ̫ʦΪ¼ޣ泯͢
̫ʦ˵ĲŸɣܸӳǿʵȨŮжҲһѹȨҲγһƺŮܴٳɲѣҳ
ʷ̫ʣǳ͢ô죿
̫ʦζĿʷ̫һۣ͢ңǧЧұô
ĬΣʷ̫˵͸ҲҪ
̫ʦʷ֣뿪۶ǰԼãЧұ¡
ʷ̫ͻأ
ûвľйǱҪ𣿡
̫ʦʷ̫ȴһЧұ£͢йùƽࡣ
Ȩ̫֮ʢԱ̫Ӷȱپأ⻹ֻǿʼʱһڻȨ㲻˻ᣬùԶޣΪ͢Ч
ʱر̫ˣ
ɱܺ󣬹Ȩأʱع̫ӣҲ̫ʦľһҪɵٟRԭ
²̫ӵȫȻǱ̫ӵ棬ֻ֪ΪԼ롣͢д£빫ܻ߱빫ֺ߱á
⻹ǳ͢ô
ǹһðɣ
ʷ̫޷˵̫ʦ̫ʦڽԺʱҲԺܾԺЩԥù¼ޣĺĶ𣿡
˼Ժû̫ʦ̫ʦֻ뿵顣
ĵڶգԺ飬Ϊ͢ԲһӦء
ϣԺԹ¼ޡ
£ԺѸΪɣˡ
£˭Ҳ˲֮¡
ɵ鷿£̫ʦϳùһϤ֮ԹҴȰ˵׵ġ
뿵˵ɲŮӡ
̫ʦʣ˵ҪȰ˵
뿵ΪΪӵ񣬺ο¹ԵΪһʥּ㵱أ⻹˵ô
ɵҡ֣ްŮ᲻
̫ʦʺ֣ϣȰ⹫Σ
ɵ۵ڳԶѷ˵óɣ
뿵ֱӵ£ۿڲţ˭޷Ȱġȥֻùʵ͢Ѿ¼޲ˡԸҲãԸҲãüޡ֪ûڳʱ䣬볯͢ùϵ֧͢ڲ㡣볯͢Թûκκôġ͢Ҫ¼ޣҲҪ͢Ϊܡʵ
ΪŮӣߣĸ֮Ӽɣ
뿵˵ĺܲ¶ǡ
ɵ̫ʦû˵ãɵ۵Ǿ԰ɡ
ɵ۵и£ҲӲͷƤȥˣû˵𻰾ͱٟR˳ȥ뿵˵ʲôȨ⣬δüھͱٟRٟRŭѵĹ⣡Ϊһ㶼Ϊҿǣ㵽ǲĸ
ŵֱ£ӵ˵⻹Ϊ˳͢Ϊ˽ɽôúӣģ㸸֣Ƕĺã
ٟRֱӰϳµ
ٟRɫɷףɫԭ򣬳жʲô̬ȣûȳôЩ
˾ôһͨ˳ȰͿû⣬ģ²Ҫϡ
ΪǸŮΪֲǼ̳лλˣ̫٣ңٟRҧԺֺ˭ֱӸҴȥ
Ȼ㲻ĸױϣĸΪٟRĺ
ĺĻֹĸףٟRݺݽϲɨϣŭǸң
ӵĳɵ۱Թãգӵ⻢ƢԣҰҲһôԶȥ˲Ӧҿ絣Ұʵڣ
ڵڶշǹ밲ʱ֣ʺRҲ»̥ģ޵Զؽȥ
֣ʺ˹ˣĸ߷ǳʵ֪Ǻε䳦ȥȰRԶޡ
ʽӣҲ᲻ðⲻΪ˳͢Ϊ˽ɽô
ɽ˭ģɷӵô
Ůˣǳ޴ӷ򣬷ô
֣ʺһȥ
Էǹӱ붡謻ض컷ȥֺ
㷣⼸գ̫̫ӴһܣԼǺԵʡҪ˵ôҲùȥġ
һ͢δսܣ򼴱ףŮҲһģαĹأ
謲µ̫ӴԼͬ׵ģΪʲôأ
̫ӲûͬˣһͬĸãһԶޣôأ
Ѱһ繫붫׽Իһһ˿ûеġ
ʵв̫˼ţ˻ض游пսһˡ
游˵˵¿ɻлء
뽪·𣬶ŮѺġΨһȽһĵطڣŮ̫ӲңϢ
û飬Ŷڶվȥˡ
謴˹ˣ游˵£ʵ벻ף̫ΪλԸ⹫ףίʵϳǰ͢ȱǮǹô
ǿɵģδŮʵһֱܷŭ
ŭΪ֮ô
硣ɱ֮ʱѾ಻סƢֱӲ˳˵
ɹҲǺⰡʱͬģܱµ۶ǣոɱء
ŭǣɱ֮ԭԱ⡣಻͸ɵۣҲ׼Ŀ͸ٟR
謳Ĭ
Ƕ֪󽫾ɱϤ¼ɵ֣ң֣ҲãһҪ󽫾ʱפΪסλʱܷԳ󽫾ʱͬ벳ʵ֤ʱĿǶԵġ
Ϊⳡܣ֪͢ʧжôǧϡ
謵ô󡣡
ü΢һֱ̫߳Գ˽һҪ̡̫꣬鰸ĵ顣һ׮ӣ͢ս֮ޡЩӶ˻Ϊá
˵½Ƶĳ͢һƽĳ͢Ҳֻж̶꣬ܣ߾ӣλɣ۶Աܾ¾ǳŭȻǨŭҲǨŭ̫ӡ
ûа˵Ҿȥҹ˵ͦõģҲ̩
Ա붫ǳΪǱһеɱܾ֣ս󣬱̫ʦѾ͡ƽ˵Թʩڸ󽫣εѫŽύ
ĿֻһҪճ
ɫһף̫ӾҪùô
̾²ɵϣ̫ҲܸоõȻΪǳ޴̫ӶԸ⹫Զޡ
ǲܱ˴˸һִͬô˵ǰ̫ʱ
Ц̫ʱºγƹ¡ҴҲֻ޶ա޶գִͬ˭Ը⣿
±̫Ըһأ
ɱѾ׽ëˣһȡȨѾˡ
̫߳ĹͿԼĸΪ͢Ǳµ̫ӵģΪ͢һġ
ΪԶĸֳڣΪĸһػأ¡
֢ᲢǺס
ǹ¡̫֮ʤ
ɱ̫Ȼ´Ϊú׵˳ĸ߹ȴֻ֪ŭ
Ϊ£࿴ı˸׼
謺Ȼ͵游ĸңΪ붫ᷭô
µ񣬶ҲŮȰ̫ӣҪŮ̫п֮⼸ϸίʵ֮ʡ
̾ҿܿΪ͢ģ泯͢ӡãºβأ
̫ˡ
ɱ֮ǰԸӹԹáôɱ֮ܡ
ɱ֮ܣ붫ĸ򲻻ᶯҡ
ǱµһУľơ
лȨͲԸ޴ĸίߡҪ͢ģҪĸǰճ
ͻһ
ඣŮһҪСģԼҲС϶һ䣬˵һ֡
еĽգÿ˶ܸܵõ
ꪺɵ뿵飬뿵ûκΣΣԸһԡ
ɵ۾͵뿵⻰̵˵޼һ󹦡
뿵µȥ
ʦͽĵһε档
ٟRûˣٴСϣѩ졣
뿵ڿǰһϣľԶ޵ĺôƩ磬ȥô۶Ҳסʮˣð֮ءǶû۶ЩȽڣŮӱ˵ϽˣܵŮŮкܣԭ͸ڲһΪġԺ󲻹Ů󣬲ȫƾôˣ̫ܵ룬Ǻεȵң¡Ҳûӡ
ٟRŴѩѻֻտķ·ҲѩĺܡãٟRȥ˵ҴӦˡ
ֻ˵
֮ŮҼҪޣ㲻ݣҪʺ֮ŮԵչݳޡ
뿵ûаԥһӦ
ٟRת飬뿵ĸҵĶԸˡ
뿵֮еһЦʲôʱ³ģ
ӦúͲµʦ⽲Ļĸθ㣬˵иΪ׵ҵʱ̫ˣû롣ҷĿҰ㷭ȥ˺ܶ⣬ȻˡٟR˵㼴ҷĿҲЧҸˡ
ǿɲһ̫ô򽻵Ǳƿء
ֻȨƸ󣬾Ͳʦˡ
ٟR˵еˡ
뿵ʣΪʲôΪ̫Ӷȫ壿
ٟR뿵뿵ŮֻһѪԵϵֻ֣֣ѵ壿ҾźܺЦ
ǰţӦġ
ʵ֤Ǵ
ȫǴô
Ȩǰ뿵Ҫ¶޴ɫСʱһĸ˵Ҹʥֳ˲˵ģÿôҶ¡
ٟRٰʦЦˣˣҾûп
һֱô
ǰһֱʦǸš
Ҳúƫ뿵ֻǶãҶǺܻġ
ٟRԼҪʦҭŶʣĸǰѰ̽ô
뿵
ĸбĻô
뿵Իȡһֻŷ⣬˫ֵݸٟRһţǡʱ
ٟRӹѩ׷ƤֻһϤĴ֣R
뵽ĸٟR۾ſûֻ֣ȡ֮
֣̫ӡ
ٟRǿᣬʣĸϵô
һ붼ܲµɡ￴³󣬱˽¡뿵ҡͷմɥ¾ȲĸĽٹֱһĶûС£ûһܿġ
ٟRв⣬ʦΪҪװҷĿأ
Ǹѽ뿵ֱʵ˵ǵװġǿΪܿˣŲ׼һԺȻˣٻͷҪһֱȥվǱ߶Ҳùӡ
ٟRأ׼δѣ
ʦǫΡ
ʦٟRҲ³֮˭ˡ֣һֱߣȫް
䣬ٟRп˾Ǵ¡˾ǵԭһֱڹ⡣Żعģ￴һȫרķ̵ˡһֱҰ̽빬лʺҲū澣Ҳûʹū澣ūҲһֱ̹ء
Ҳšǰ֪̽ͷ˭㿴ż˵ҾͲţ㲻֪ʦǰ̽ͷӣ
治֪˾Ц뿵ȷһֱڰ£λȨأʵû뵽ִ˰̽ʵ̽ǵеǵıƭЩʵ˰֮̽λҲһֱ
Ϊβأ
£֪˷Ҫĵġ˾ĸٟRͷ»ʵԵһӡ
ӣ
̼ҷһ£ŮŹѣʱϷ򸾶ϣŮԾؽڣȫŮʾʹȥӳŵ۶״˵ĸҪɱǴ֮꣬Ůֳǹʿһ˰ִ̫֪ŭѵ˲̼ң˲̹Ĺ
˵
Ͳ̹ĲѧͨΪ̹˵顣ִ̫˰ԭ⡣̫ϣܸŮӵĴû̫⡣˵ʱ򣬱̫ѵ⡣ʱŵ£ҲǺ£عͶ̥²µ¡
ԭԵʡ
ǰ˾ǻ̫Щڶŭ־޴ĻʳӷﵢˣͶ븧ӵͷ
ΪʲôҸĸأٟR⡣
Ϊ֪̫˼ʮֵĻӵٹֺ衣ҲǻӴӴ˸׽֣ϣ͸⣬͸̫
ٟR
˾˼̫һ۾Ϳˡ̫ԭҲûһҪӵ˼ҶģԾͽ½ӵٹ
ٟRĹĵģⲻûҪƵô
ôô˵أ³̫ʱȥ㣬ΪΪȡ֣εһΪȡΪR˹֮⡣Ů̫ɲ
̫Ϊ²ģСʱ򲻰˵̫˺üֻ˸磬̵˵ʱ˸ڱ߶϶ѧˣ»ء
ٟR˾ǣй١˼˵и˾
ǰҪǵֺҲɸըëҲ˵
ٟR˾ǶЦҲŲըëġ
˾ǵһһէ۶װɵĲáӦ̫¿汾¡
ٟR˵Ҿ
ǰ̫˵ȣǳ͢ȡ˾˵̫ȶ̾Ϣ˵£̫Цݶ࣬ʱ԰ڵ¡
¡
ǰСʱh̫ʫhʶöˣ۫ӷ˵ʶʮ֡ͺԺ˵RѾٸˡ
Ҷǵˡ
hԺġ˵Цʱ˵ġ
ٟR˾ǣ裬֮ǰ֣𣿡
˾΢ɲĵͷ
һҹٟRԼ˯
ӦײϢ𾪳Ұɵ񲿸뺣ڻʺ£ΪŮ
֪󣬺˸һ
ɵһٟRģԥδ
ںµſٽãгָô˾䣬͢ʡңǵûõĹ͡
ʷ̫Ҫδ
ʷ̫ȥȰ˵¸⣬Ҳδܼɵۡ
һ֮£ʷ̫ɴǹ٣ؼȥˣ
ҲΪףϳʷһǰʷҲɫ㲻ⵥǺ֮°ɣ
üģô˵Ҳ̫ίˣ
ǶףǱ빫ҹܵʷ̨ĲʹܻʼȰҲ֣ⲻǳӦý¡
ѵôŹԶ޲
ʷ濼һ£ҪǼ޲벳¡
飬Ǿ
ʷڰ֣ȵ˵һֱǱڱ̬һֱû̬ô
鼱Ѿͷˣ
ûġü
ʷԻʼºģһ㶼
ɵϲ۹ƣøӡ
ٟRٟͬRĳѸҹ򿪹ţ֣С״󽫾ΧȻֳǻµǰϼһ棬Ҳؼֳˡ
֣̫һţֻٟRһ仰볯͢ǻֽ֮ȫ
ʥԪ궬ִ̫ڶ
һͬŵĻ̫Ӵӡ
ѳ֮
ɵ򲡣иڹRԴ˲˺󹬣δڳǰ
һ֮죬ҹ۫ӡ̫ʦظԼš﹫ţϤѲҹĵ۶ˣԶԶҹ⣬ʶȤĻ·ҽǰ
ڶһ磬ȸʽСơ
ųǽϡ
ҪϳɣѲǹٱؼУ
뿵׸󳤹󳤹뽪
󳤹ʣм£
뿵̫ͻȥˡ˹ȣҲȥˡ²أ½й󳤹顣
󳤹ûȣֿķס󳤹ţ˵ʲô
С̫ʦ۫۫ӡҡңȥˡ
һ󳤹ֱô
뿵ס
£ʣ̫ʳɺã
ûҾ̫ʳ¡
ٟR⣬ɱ̫ӣ£Ϊ͢ȣ̫ʳԻٟR
ֻǣ㽪ҲδϵٟR

ȨȻҪ
ΪٟRҪ£ɲ˵ģ
ɱˣҲɱˣ
ģģ³
塣
µ壡
һ񣬶Եȡ
ó󳤹һ˳
˵󳤹뽪ӱͬˡٟR̩Ϊ̫ǽӱҡͷܾˣű£Ǹ̩·֮λû˱ҸҴԺɣ̩вŸɣԸһ޴˲Ÿɣ½̩һɵ·
ٟRҴӦ
ӱƫٟRй񣬡һ󳼱ֵ̬֧
󳤹뽪ӱ֧ٟR˵λ󽫾δ󽫾ԭ˵ֻҪ͢ɱֱ£ýʿԸЧҵ¡
ش󽫾Чҵ£
㶨佫ĳ
ڼӰӰ´µĲٲ²⣬˴ŷȸ˲˴ǰʷ̫ҲڼҴְˣڸ˵ѵµ뿵֪շ¡
ʷֱ̫һƨɵڵأ˽ɫҰףҶ̫󳯹ģҲ̫СвΪӾЩⱧԹ
δ뵽ٟRĹǼѪģ
ָȻٲˣҲûָٟRıӳϾǰɵ̫ʦΪҶ۳Ҫˡ
ɵҲ£
һִʷ̫Ժǹ٣ˡ
˴Ÿɡ
в֮ԺȰŹɡ
ڸԱȥ壬ٟRҲʱ˲ˡæŰҡѫ󡢺ţһһļˣһ¡
ȻΪɥ
ɵηٟRδᡣ
֣ʺȥɵۣ˵һ仰밢̩ǻñ塣ΨһΪˡ
ɵ۴
֣ʺһתȥ
ʷ̫뷽ոԱȰ˻ȥʷ˵ĻǣҪǹ٣ҲҪѵʱǡ﹫һ̣֮󰮴Ǵȥ
Ϸ˵ĻǣҲ˳͢Щٺ»ҪǹҲܣҲʼգȵεĹԱˣѻúõĽ˼ң鷳ǵı֡
һ˵һĸТ㶼ȥһ㳯ȶʹǹ٣һ㳯͢͹ҡ
˵ĻعֱӰһǹٵˡ
̫ӵɥ񲻺òĶ࣬ڸѹšһҲǡ
ǵãЩͷ޸ɡ
ٟR˼·Ƚ벳óȷ»ؾ㽫ʹŴˡѸһĹķʷҲ˵ϣ˵ȱǿٱɣʮеġ
ң˳᳤˳᳤۫ǰͿĿף±عףͷĶһĶ٣ЯڵӵܣһʱҲĵӵ
ѫţһǰôնһ˷ȥͷ
ѫˬΪǸˣ벻ɵǰƫĸ塣
ðɣѾĸϤˡ
ţδڵ۶
ҰĲļ壬ҰĲãĵȨʱʧϢ޵ֵ֮
ЩСĻµȨıڵȨ߲ڡ
㣬ֻһͷһ仰ѡ
⣬ǹ
ѩƮͷͤǱѣڷѩԶȥ
ٟRů紺ڷһݵӣ˾ǶȸЪһЪɡ
ٟRӹȸպھΪԵģԼԹӹΰʹܲܽ׸֮λ
ٟRΪڹ˽ڲţʦΪ׸
½ʷ̫֪ٟR֣ʷʦô֪ģ
ʷ̫ûըˣĹڸʴʣԺ׸һʰ
ٟRЦʦ˵Цġ
ͬ׸
ʷʦΣҲҵʦڳ
ʷ̫ԥһ£Ǿܾˡ
ٟRҲǡ׸Ժʷ
ʷ̫ҵϧ֮ˡֻǵװ빫֣δܷԹסڵпԼؾ͹ˡҲУǼһȫ޵ߣҪ׸ǾͶˣ
ʷ̫ࡣ
뵽ȥɱ࣬빬㲻ɣ徻׵ķ·Ϊ׸֮λһ㡣Ϊ׸ڸ˲
ڸȷҪһλ׸԰ٹ٣԰١
ٟR׼
س׸֮λ
سٟRйһγ̸
δԹ֮¼֣شٟRһܼ⣬ȥɱϵ±һô
̹棬ɱȷҪڵҲϵˡ
ģɱʱֱ鷿볯׵Ѿȥ²Ǹػˣݲµ¡ǲὫ̫ѪĽɽõġ
ԸȨ
룬ϲҳͻõȡʤ
ҪԸ⸨¡
²ҪţƾµĲŸɣһԽɽĺܺá
ٟRɫҪࡣ
ش𣬡ԪԪĴӢűʱ˶˵Ͳʿҳҳػӭһʢ
ֻһϷԡ
˺ܶࡣJ
ʱǶΪḨ³ɾʢ
ķչδԸ
ε˭أ
£ʢɡ
ٟR֣񣬡ԸЧҵ¡
ٟR࣬ɫУΪұ۰Ϊִ¡
׸ڸɿ벻뿵ܾ׸Ŀ־ˡƷҶŵù
Ҫǣʰס뿵˵ļһ
κ峤볯λ֮λԭκԺ
ٟR׼
ʥԪܿȥѻԪĴر磬ٟRչƸŮ٣֮¡
λԱЯչﺬЦ뵽Сʱ¶飬ҲʱԱ¡
ǰ
ٹ޺ãҪٹô
ôģٹסˣǾٹ̹
뵽ʱٹ£չ۾ԱվڹϣŹԱųչޱȵ̤ʵڡ
ӭֵһǽֻڳȴѿת䳪Ǵ֮¡
ѻʢһȻĴսҿĻ
