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ߣ
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һԽ´Ľ޳Ŀ͸СӦһö
λݵͣͣӸǿ಻ԡ
⿪֣¾Լϴϴ˯ˡ
׼һӵʱȴͻȻ˵ߡ
̾ǲǻȣһ£Ϊһأ
ɡñȽϿһЩ
ֱĸоۣ

δ뵽ԼһտΪһСɣ˹ز
ˣۣЦˣˣˣϻˣż
۸ˣͷݺˣͷ
ﶼ
ԼһǱ¹ˡ
ps1.ܿ崩ģв־ᰴʷߡ
2.дĲף֧棬лл
3.ĳһȫֿ
4.һ־ڡ
ݱǩ ͢ ֮ Խʱ 
ؼ֣ǣ£  ǣ  Ԥգɷ̫ӵĳ檡
һ仰飺ԽӴŬܶ
⣺Ϣֹܶ


1 
ʮ£Ͻǡ
ס鹬£ͱߵŮѩ
һСŹǷһԵɵɵ˴齣һ˫ɵЬѩķ¿ʼϴ
ˮϵĺ⣬˲˹һ˿˯Ҳޡ
ú󣬵һ쵽һλ밲ӣȻá
ⲻ쿪ʼѩѾΪ밲ʱôļ·һΣˡ
ΪĶ̫֪࣬ѡһʡ
ȴǡǡ෴Ϊһܳĵ͵СӦ·ʵٵĿûʲôѡأΪȥ궬һ·Ҳû
ֻѡһµɫװϡ
ڷͣǾ͸ûʲôˣͷСͷǿʱı־棬Ҳ治ʲôʻҲֻˡ
ɾ⵰ǰԼеζͷϣҲû˼ҵȰɡ
ԣѩСͷֻ֮ԼͷֻС䵥ɫ޻ӦӦ
㻹˵ױ磬ûԵú᲻ѣĵԭͲ׵òԽɫȻ
˫ˮһۣı䡣
Цʱأ˫һһһ˿˿Ȼ
Цʱأ۾ı䣬гĻ
ټոմ󲡳ϸϲԾĴ˼ֽϢǷݳ滨СģԵʮֹꡣ
¶ױ̨ϵľӣ̧Լ۵С
ʵԽüˣҲûףƾòԭΪʲô겻ó衣
һޱң
ǵģޱңʱԭոںﱻɷ򣬹ʱ˺üĸȺ󣬾ôϢȥ˵ʱ
ûǰʣֻѩĹŮæǰæźš
ˣȵӦûһƽС̫ࡣ
ʵմǻᣬ¸޷Լ꣬Ȼ˴峯Ŀ󹬣ټϳĸȣкüֱӻȥ
ţ˺ã˺ãҲܻȥˡ
ִһҸĿ֮ңܸɵİְ֣Ưּҵ裬һɰεã˵ʲô֮ңСҲζ
ʲôʲôҲûУҪʱ̵ԼСʱҵ
ֱûƣֻиƣ
رǶ䳹ǵ޾䣬ÿѩЩʵķˣޱůɶ͵ɶִСӡ
ţʲôʱǸͷ
ҹλʱֺ£ԼˣҲһִܻļǵãǴ¥ϲСˤŴԽġ
᲻Ѿˤֲˣ˵Ѿֱˤˣ˵壬ڶѾ𻯳һѻء
һеĿܣһ顣
֮ĸ˵ǺҲʼָǳײܹˡ
*
һ׼׵´ѩԼ䣬û뵽ӭסڶĳӦҲŮš
Ӧµھӣͬס鹬ԺĶ
ܹ䷿һһԼ䣬м䣬óݿ
ʱߵķһأԳһ壬ԸԹԼСӡ
˵ⶫͺñǰһӦͬ£Ҳĺѡ
ⲻͬ¼ѵ£뿪ڸԺھӴкû뵽ӦȴֱӶһߵŮŽϵĻŤͷߡ
е£ƨɣ
ѩûӦɣ
Ϊļͬסһ£ȻԭͳӦϵжãɺҲû໵ɡ
ӿ϶ˡ
˵꣬ѩϽߴӣǻǿ߰ɣҪȻ밲ʱҪˡ
ӦΪʲôԼӣѩ֪ġ
궬ӲۿҪˣӦӹ˲λɽԼŲȥ
ɰɹŵԼ򣬲źⳡ󲡵ģûпͬ⡣
ⲻҲǴʱʼӦǿ߲˳ۣʱ˦ӡ
ֻӲأûôӣ֪ʵˡ
߰ɡ·ѩֱۣŽµĻſȥ
˵ʵȻ̳ԭһּ䣬ɶβŻ·Щġ
Ϊˣѩʱ͵͵ϰΣ˵ɼǺȻɺôܼԦŽµĻ·ˡ
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Ͷ˸ϵסʱкüڴ˺ˡ
ЩһŵĳӦŹˡڡһŮĹŮӱѾˡ
ǰͬλݸߵŹڼ΢֮󣬾ľľվԱߵˡ
û취ԭӣ챿˵ŻЩľګֵĻõ㣬Ҳѭ򽥽ǡ
˵Ҳֻʮ꣬ȴѾ빬ࡣ
Ҫǣǰ޹ȻֻôΣȷȷʵʵһ޹ɡ
ģվԱߵ£ʼԼЩͬǡ
ڳУŹλߵģʮ࣬һɫ£۽ŵϸƣż˳Ǹſڵ֮һ
ΪʳŮͻŮȻֶزۣδݣɻǱ˹֮λ
ϣǸŹͬһʱڵˣΪûԭֻһڵ
ȻɫҲŮŹһΡ
²ò̾˵ĹȻһ㲻Ź˺ڵɫܿˣͬ꣬վһ𣬿Ŷһˡ
룬ŹҲһȫΪӵԭ򣬿ܸŮزۣĹȣҲкܴϵ
Ͼʮ»̥òµĺӣȴûˣĸĸ׵Ķƽ͵ͻɡ
ͱҪŹСˣҲͶʮңʵѾʮˣǳвͬһС磬һǧ
ȻܱУ϶̫ˣҪȻҲ²ȥ첻ǡ
ɾòҲֻ޹һΣͱ֮Ժ˸һɶûĻһӾҪϽˡ
ţԼеһƴ
ھӳӦͲ˵ˣͬһ빬Ҳһʮ꣬һʮꡣ
ȻʮˣӦʮš
ڰ˵ͬʱ費֪Ҳڴ
ĵ˵ӦǳۿҪˣû뵽ͦ˹
˶˵Ѳк󸣣Ҳ֪Ӧû󸣡
ӦľͷһӣҡҡͷӦյӣǹǺˡ
˵ʵӦòû˵鹬һĶֵϣǳõġ
ǿϧһòӲУǸĺ«Ǿûˡ
ھλɣѾˡ
վһᣬס鹬һλԬڣ١


2 
Ԭڳǿʮѡ빬Ů
ʱմãͣѡ㣬°ԣһŮȻҲѡ֮Ů˲١
ʮԬڣҲʱס鹬
Ȼַ·ӽɣ˼ҶЩһġ
Ԭڸƾò鹬Ϊࡢʥ֮һ
ÿ£ܻᱻôһΡ
Щ޳ɣ֪˶ٱ
˵ԬڣͲò˵һǰǳˡ
ȥ궬ҪĶ࣬ľ̿ȡůȻͶÿɵķжģλɻãλɸͲճʹá
ˣԬھͽϣӦǿľͷ񣬾ľ̿ҲҰԼôţ͸ϴζŮһ»һûӡ
ԣԬھֱ˽µľ̿˹Լá
ԭȻԸЩӣԬڶôĿŵ۸ͷˣ̣ҲиȰɡ
һλã춼ˣ˭ܵˡ
ټľ̿˿ۣԭûʣˣԬڵãʣЩ˵ȥˡ
ⲻ޿̵£ĳһ峿밲ʱ̲סԬ˵˼䡣
ǣһҪºˣֱͱѡ
Ԭ빬ƾÿһεޣ鹬ĴСӣһӣʲôʱ¹氡
Ҫ˵µķǾǿ£ݵ
Ԭھ͸浽һλ˵·ϣԴǲ
ʵ˵ˣԬھǿº۸ǸԸֻûԤϵǣӾȻᷴ
˵³ɣһг裬һǿп޵С͸ɻ˭ȻһĿȻˡ
Ҫ˵ɻָԬڣÿעһ鹬أôܻƫһǴأ
ԣɵͷ¹һʱ,ǸһССѵ
°һӶܽ˶͸Ҫ˵һʱˣԭأҲǸ֪ͨƢģȻӲĹһʱ
˵ԭɵһʱȻĹһʱѵͲһװΰ
ںˣԼСȥˡ
ùǣŴˡ
ڳ˵ۺɣҲ㲻жá
ԬأҲֻ²صʱôһ˿֮ģϾ빬һС㱻ѬյΪȣҲûҪöԷصǷĺݡ
ɹָǵ֮ģ͸ŵȻ޴ˡ
رǶղ½εСΪոմ󲡳ԽԵóˡ֮ﾹȻĪһɼʡ
˵鹬òܸµˣҲһˣ꣬ǳòΪģҲΪʲôһֱ²˳۵ԭ֮һ
Ԭֻڼµһ˲䣬΢΢һ£ܿͻָ
£Ҳ
ȵ˽ǰԬȸŹ˺
ȻͬǳڣڵġǸţϰ뼶ȸڼҲӦõġ
¡ӦλҲԬ
ԬȻӲãΪ鹬ΪࡢܼɣȻܻӭ
Ź˹棬ûз֮⣬ԬںܿûڳӦͱΧˣҲס
£Ǽıȥɣ
ʢûάֶãߵĴŮʹ뼸˽ڡ
˸Ͻ񣬰λݸߵͣʼĽ
ԬҲһĸղŵĸ߰ù
µü˳۸ڳӦȻЩִǽʵʵûвκˮֵĸڱϵİ밲
вͬʱ밲򸣽𰲣
ɶһ£еĲյɡ
¸Ͻ˵ĶȻʵʵİ˳˳Ӧϡ
ʵ磬¾Ѿѩһˣصͨ˻˵밲ԤλãһҲ֡
˵ɣǾͲò˵һԺյļˡ
ϳɶ壬ܱٸհ̩֮ŮҲǸŮ˵ԺյļλҲǹġ
ϧڲʥ裬ϥ¸ŮȻʮʱ֮ףڿʮǴδʲôҲûţͰ³ĵ߾ϣֱӲ˽¡
ںеĵλʵβѡ
ºͳӦˣҲʱ򱻴ӺѡУͽɹ̳ġ
ϧ˶Ƿİÿϲֻ޹Σͱ֮Ժˡ
˺鹬ڶеĵλǾԽˡ
񸮵ūţҲʼ鹬˿۸ɵճǸǼҳ㷹
¶ϣĴδĴ쵼
ɽմһɫĺװͷϴƽ䱦ʯͷ棬Եöׯִ
ʵɳһ㲻üۣ˵꣬ԴһСûеŴݣǲ֪Ϊʲôϡ
һ뵽λүӴĺЩˡ
ò̫࣬뿵۵ģضҪʲôر֮λŮĻʵۼסɡ
ȹŮλϵİſ˵
䲻ܴΪ鹬һλİɣװģͻݴȵĶһ֮顣
Ȼɣ򶳳ġ
ȻˣΪأ¶ԴȴԹԹҪλֳһм̬֮
Ͼͷ˼Ҹ̫ҽû侮ʯŲȥǶܲˡ
ʱҪ쵼ĸм֮ģҪֵĲ̫䣬˺ܼٵĸо൱һ˵ݼˡ
֮ǰѾ׼ڰһ˵ػĻ֮æֳһ챿ģл
ϥϲǸ챿ġʵˡжķʽҪж
ɶµıֻ⣬صʹһɫ
⣬æŰɽԲ
λ£ĵ㳤һ
֪Ҫ밲ȵļ鹬ͱ뽫֮ǰɷ飬øɸɾ
ˣƽյԴУֳܱһ˿԰ɵĲ
ҪȻСǣΪһλҪͷֵµɣеǷӡ
¾ɵٵҲ֪󹬵ŮˣɶĺأҪ˵ֻǸȨ޿ɽСӦˣˣҲǰ
ԣûʵԿ֮ǰѽ͵ѧ͵ѧݷ
ɿʼ˽ҪĽ
ʹ屧˸밲Ҳиˣ¸¾͵ϵٽˣ鹬򲻿ɳʲôӡ
˵һƪһ˼¸¾ǻϵٽˣϵ׼ľҪ׼ˣȻɣϲһԹĿȴһҪﵽˡ
Ҫǣһʱ䣬鹬òҪֳʲô۶ӣҪȻҲˣҲ
˼ôһ˼
˵Щ֮æӦˣһٱ֤϶ʵʵĴ鹬鷳
ͬŹ˵лŷ˻ȥ
´Խĵһ밲ƽķΧ½ˡ


3 
´ѩԼסĺԺԼ䡣
鹬λɣܹ߸ɣһˣŹˣڣڡԬڣӦ¡ӦһŮӣһ
ЩУ˻ʥԬڣԼһסǰԺĶ֮⣬ˣһԵӵ˺Ժ
λݸߵŹ˺ڣס˺ԺºͳӦأס˺ԺĶͱأס
ţǵó벻óˣ
˼ˣסĺԺ鹬ǰԺܿˡ
ⲻʱ˶Ͼ밲ʱеһ㣬΢һ㣬ɻȥʱܿˣټϸԴŮһʮˣʼԺȥ
ǹϵõģ·˵˵ЦЦǹϵãֻģҲ͵ͷЦЦˡ
׹ڶǰŲʱŹ˺ȻͣסŲתЦһ߰ɡ
һ㶡
ļУԭȻ빬꣬ΪľګԣŹ˵ĴָôŹȴȡ
Ȼ֮ȻŹڻǵѡ
¶ŹչһЦȻ֮
ͬغԺڡӦˣʱͬʱ¶˼ֲ졣
û뵽ƽʱϲ˽ύŹˣվȻľľӦˡ
²˵Ŀ⣬ǰ׷˵ǰŹˣŶߡ
õ壬ָôˣﻹһʮݵɽκһЩ֥ҪǲĻùŮ͹ȥҲòӡ
Ź˵һ崺ͣ˲øС
¶ʱЩܳĲ֪Լʲôʱ򣬾ȻŹ˵ۡ
Ͼĺҩģɲ˭ﶼеģ⵰û˲ΣҲû֥
ңҩľڹҲǹ֮ˡ
Ź˵Ҫܽܵˡ
ЦŻصллŽһ⣬ˣӣҲǺȵЩܺõģûǲҪ̣Щöˡ
޹»лŹ˵⡣
˵úạֶ̃Уû˻Ե޹ʵĶá
Ź˹صĶǸʲôĿģûء
Ź˷·֪»ôػһ㣬ֱӾܾûЦ˵ҪĻֱӹ˵һˡ
仰Ĺ˾Ѿ˺Ժ
ֵǰŹ˾ȻпȥȲ裬Ҫύȥ˼ˡ
ȻӦ
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һصԼ䣬ѩϲ̲סЦ
ԼԴӲһڿϣɽˡ
ѩ˵ӵ˵һЩһЩٸԺһţҲԬ۸ȥ
УɷԼӵʱҪиӽõɣڰǰ˵ôûҲһᷣء
˵˵ȥأӵӾ̫ˡ
ľګԴҲͰˣֺˣᱧţ⼸һռĻڹȥ̫ˡ
Լڿˣôأ
һ߿ѩɵЦһѵ˽ϵĻЬܴųŵװҲһһ´ϡ
Ȼƣڴϲˡ
һʲôûֻȥ˸ȫ̾ƣۣɱҪ۶ˡ
ңʹ󲡳ȬĺܣܳŵڣѾܲˡ
ѩߵߣҴҴǣֻǿ塢Ķ׵С΢΢
˵ʵѩһֱԼӳòرòſ֮ߣǼ˵ڹǰɣǰʮŵĽȥɡ
ϧٺãƲҲ״
Ӧ˵óҲ״ֻ⹬Ŵ껪ˡ
Ůģ˶ʮ껹ܷųȥиͷֵɣͷûУֻŸ߸ΧǽϽС
ʵҲȲϴزҲֻգ۵顣
ѩĵ̾˿˳Լ䡣
ڴС˯һźһѩҲûˡ
ӣƽˣӰ𣿡
ѩеƽֵµС̫ࡣ
˵´ӦλݣŮһС̫Ա䱸
ϧһλ˪ĹŮۼûǰ;Ӻ޳ͷ֮պ󣬾ԬǸ֦ȥˡ
ҲΪʲôԬڣһֱ²˳۵ԭ
˿±ò֮⣬ӦҲٲ˪ŮмͼӴס
أԴҲһֻۣһֻۣټ鹬Ա㣬ߵԱȱҲͳٳûвϡ
´߳ǾͰڰɡ
˵ʵȻӶɶ鹬ʳû˻룬˭µʣٱʲôˡ
Ͼ˼ҵó߹˳Եʳ鹬ЩڴӦԵҪò֪ٱ
µķԸѩԼ䣬һ򣬾ʹʳеƽˡ
ƽ䲻ʮͣһݳҲǸ߸ݵģЩӪӡ
µһμʱֻͷôСĺӣѾĻˣҪǷִҲ͸ϸеӰɡ
ɺ룬Ҳ˼ұˣԼҲһ
ԭʮѾ꣬ҲǸﲻ۵ſӵС͸
ƽʳУȸ½С֮󣬴˴ʳУʳڵò͵ĵľϡ
Ȼϣһ¾İһ̳ܲ˿мͱҲȵģġ
ƽһֱʹԴҿԼӵɫ
ҲʳӳԣŷǰһǲӲӥ޳裬Ǿ˺Ū
µɫ糣
Դ֮󣬳ԵľûˮķˣϰΪ
ŷǱҲ̫ô죬ǻһػȵġ
Ȼɣʳζʵڲ˹ά
˭ûӴŷأֻš
ڹҪԵĺһ㣬úһ㣬ûǲеΡ
˻ƽȥ¿ʼ緹
ʵӦ첻ڹңϾӦûԣ⡢¾ס߲ˡ棬ÿأмѼֻʮ̡
Ȼ̫࣬˵Ҳ㹻ѩ˳Աˡ
ɹؼǣ㶫סǰ˵Ĳ˿۰
ټ鹬λʵΣסĶЩɣΪ󣩣ֲó裬ǰ˻ÿž
£ǿˣ鹬λȻȴǶ׵ĴڣûлӣûлŮȽܳɶûУԬֵֻżг裩
ٿͲһˣʹĻʹ١ϣױã߹󣬻ŻطGԼҲŮȻزˡ
ٱ磬ҹСť»ϣТѻʺ֮ãԺգ˴֮һť»ϣʮʱ˻ʮӣµС
¾ǻ˵ˣܹλĸСˣǲг裬ֶΣҪ˵ﻹ걸ΪԼ̳Сء
ʣµһλˣ鹬İɣжɡɡλ
˵Ͱɲ࣬õɶٻе裬ɾֵºô̳С࣬΢鹬ôһġ


4 
³峴ܲ˿࣬ӳͱ
ԲаԾҪӣĲ£Ĳһ㣬õĲһ㶼νҪӣǾˡ
кüΣ°ҹԼĶӹ๾ĳſճǼơ
ζ˭˭֪
Ȼ£ҲһЩ飬ǾҪԵĺһ㣬úһ㣬ͱŬְн
λݰɣ͡𽴡ǡסӿԳˡ
ԣλݣĶûʸԵġ
أǾͿҶزҶˡ
λͻкʺ͸ˡ
أһһֱ޷ܣǾλϲмԡ
ԣûϵλݲܳԵ
һ㣬²֪ʲô뷨֪ʱֻоͷ׹ֻ
ԸҪλڵλݺʹҪǲǮĻһҲԲϼˡ
ԣһ뵽Щ¾;õۣȤʱѾˣû뵽Ըɡ
ӣٲٵһ
ûɱ룬ţȻŰɣ˵˹ʺˣͳϼء
ţܳϼĿΪµһִˡ
ţʰ꣬¾ѩЪȥˣϾֻһŮźܲʹɣ۵ʱҪ۵ġ
ѩߺʼ˼Ž밲ʱ񡪡׼ٽڵ
ȡԼȫҵʮӡ
ԣڵȫҵǮ㲻ʲôȴԭȫҵ᲻óԣ᲻úȣʡġ
ӦһٺʮɹǮĵطʵ̫ˡ
ճĻӻŮ磬ҪɣҲɣзҲҪǮɣȵȡ
סڹǮĵطȥˣԭʡЩӣĺ˲ˣ⻹ó裬ûǮǰ¡
¿ĿԼС⣬Ҳûöӣ˺ģֻ
С᲻ΪٳǮʵɬжʹľ˵ǲǡ
ѾˣΪǮ׼񣬻ԼأλүҲȥɨһ񵥶ѣ֪˭
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ԺĴμڣŹڴŮķ£š
СԼ䣬ŹסҪ̫ˣ˵Ǹͬסľдμ䣬Լ䣬ůټȽҪж
һֶ̣ոõĲյŵŹǰϣһʵӦ˵ǲʲô뷨
Źô֪꣬Լӵӣ治һ׽ˣǰԺгԬҲ⡣
ӽƫƫľľӦˣȻⲻһ룬ɻˡ
Źûشʻϵķ۲ʰٻ룬һڲˮ
ſڵЩ뷨ɾǲ֪ӦǸʲô˼ʲô뷨
˵ͬӦ˵ѪֻΪ밲ʱС鵽λɵ񣬴ôһ˿̽һ˿档
鶯ӣˮżֲһӾȫĿ⡣
һֱ֪Ӧòֱֳˮ鶯ȴһƼ
ʱĵһͷǣҲӦеþȡԣŻڻغԺ·ϣͬ
Ҳˣ鹬ĴһղһգλȻ֮ף鹬ӣɾɵĹأӦòԭͲǳˣҪ˻ϵۣҲпˡ
ʵ£ǰūţҲԽԽ鹬ˣܲһֱôԴȥҲ뷨Ӳǡ
УӰ˼Σ˼бһɲ˺ɵ
Ӱб޻ĺá
ԣʱŹ˻˼ԼӦ谡
һ뵽λӣֱҡͷӦҪó裬Щѡ
òɺ࣬Ҫ뿵ۣò֮λǻҪֶκļơ
λأòˣֶκļƣʵڲ˹άҪȻҲ޳ˡ
ԣƲƲŹ˵ū澾ãӻǲҪ׷˼ĺãⶼˣӦǸʲôӣֲǲ֪ǾǸɵģһ㣬ҲᱻǰԺԬ۸
˵Լ̫ˡ
ŹȻ˼׷һ
飬ȥĵģܻаٷ֮ٵջء
˵ˣҲֻһͷѣҪʩеĻΪһȨƵĹˣҲޣһлҪӦԼ컯
˵ȻҪԹ˲֪Ź˵Żվæַ
ŻЬŹĿʼ߶
ߵϻ˵úã˰ֻҪڹŹһ֮󣬾ʲôˣӰƢҲŸı䣬ǰأӦľګԴǣ˵δһתˡ
ʵֻһ
˵˴ֻһתҲҪ˼̫ˣҲֻһʱͷӦǱߣǽӴӴ˵ɡ
˵ͷ֪Լʱ⣬黹ûء
*
ʱƽóӸȥЩֽ
ͻϵˣƽһߣѩ̲סԼӡ
µ˵ͷصѾˣҴ㻭һͼ񡣡
ǰʱѧһʱĹȻɣһ㣬һ򵥵ͼӦûܻİɡ
ţôоԼôûء
ǸãһӾͲΪ鷢ˡѩЦ
ǰֻ֪Լӻд֣ȴû뵽ӻửӵдĲػӦҲѩš
ĹŮǲʶֵģʶдֻˣĺ˲𣬸οڹĺöɣҲǲʶֵġ
ʵ֪ԼҲֱġ
Ͷ˵Żͽǰùıīֽ˳
ԭ죬򵥵Ķʶǲڻ£˵ûжྫͨɣддǿԵġ
ⲻѩԱ߰ĥīСǺűʣѰżеĸоʼֽд˼ΪŮ塱С
ǵģдëǰȤ֮һ˵һֱõԴ֣Ѿòˣɺôӻڡ
ҲҪлԭװäȻǸäϾֺͼֻģɺŪŪѩǿԵġ
ȵ磬쵽ŵʱƽҪĶˡ
ӵķϣ񸮵Ĺ»ʹ󷽣¿˿ֽﲻȻа
ò̾һ䣬ȻǮʹĥֻҪ
ʵµʱǹֽĿ٣ЩֽţĵʱͿд֡Ż򷢴ĵӣҪȻȥɡ
ȻҪм鿴Ǿ͸ˡ
һ뵽¶ʱԼĺɰˣҲһθоǮôĲ
һ¶أѾȥˡ
ҪǣֻǻǮһء
뵽£ԭܴ¶ʮӣ൱ˣΪԼڵֻͳŲβ


5 
գ¿ʼӦÿȻλ밲ӡ
һȥŹҲʼʶҲ˵лһ·֮ġ
ȻϾ֮࣬ҵҲѾʽʼʡ
ȻɣΪԵʣĴе㲻⡣
ԣǲĿϵֽ߰µ¶ߴͦεˡ
ĿԼĴʼţڲ֮һܻһԼƷʸġ
ѩ黭ֻԼӻĶãһСǿ˵Ļ͸ҪǮһð
¾ٲƤٺ񣬿ѩЩ˵ĻҲоС
ԼмＸأǱ˭
⻭ҲͺŪŪʲôѩˣ㻻ܽɹʺ
ʲôⰡ
¶ѾϣҲùˣֻӲͷƤˣ˭Ѿ˵ȥأܱܲѩСѾͷɡ
ˣ˼ѩʵأ
*
һգãŹµԲ衣
ױһ󣬴ѩȻǰ
һμ䣬¾ȸŹ˼ŹæһѣЦȽȽĶԼ׵λһƣ
΢΢һ£Źؾصϡ
Źһ߰һۣһЦӯӯ˵ܹͬһú˵˵лˡ
ż򵥵Сͷһ߳µĽɫװʩ졣
Ҫɫ壬ݣһģһ·϶ͱĳˡ
˵ʵҲ봩·û취װȥºĴ£Ȼɫ˵㣬ɹӺãΪࡢܴų·֮һ
ҲǣλݣҪӺáɫáɫãҲֲһĩСӦǡ
ȻһЦصŽʢвĵⱭ裬ÿˣɲҪ߶˾ͺá
ȻཻãҪǻֵĸԭһľګѣ˿϶û취ˡ
ԣˣҪں󹬴ȥɽύ򽻵϶Ǳⲻ˵ģԭ¶ӣֻѧıִ
ȻŹ֦϶ǲܾġ
ңѾʹѩŹԸΪ˴飬֪λ鹬ķٲ侮ʯͱ֮
Ҳܷˡ
ҪǣŹΪΨһһŹλݵɣ鹬ĵλȻԺ淢ʲôˣҲΪ˵û
˵ʵĲȥ궬췢ԭϵ飬ٷԼˡ
ԼСʱڱĸоֻ֣̿
ʵһֱìܣŰɣİķ⽨оʴӣִ
˰ɣĵ׵ôǿҡ
ˣȻӡĶ
Ź˶µ׽зġαЦݣǸˣϵıʱ˼֡
Цʲô߶Ų߶ŵģء
˵䣬ŹߵʹСŮˣǰԲ˲յ̾µĵĺʹϹ
Źæһкֺһ֣ҽԸŷģǺóԲÿ쳢
ʵ˵λݣֵҲǱȽѵģ֪Ҫ֮ǻЩǮŷһЩ
ȻϲԣﻹЩԾ
㴩ʱ䲻ãɺ󹬵һЩʶ֪ģϲеķ
ɣԵԼûеĶҪôԼǮŷҪôŷТ
Ź˵ĴŷТĻе㲻ʵǾֻŹԼǮרŷˡ
һ뵽ŹΪ˽ӴԼһСӦרŻǮŷֵľµĵдԼеܳ
ʢȴˣ
ȱ裬ýƷˡЩ˼
ʲôƷѲƷѵģܹҸأÿɲ˵ֻҪȻҿɲˡŹЦŹװ˵
ʵԴ´棬˵λ֮Ź˾;ãӦ񲢲ϱֵǰԡ
˵Ҳ֪ͦ񣬾ǲ֪ǰΪʲô˭۸
ʱͻ룬ѵ˵ˣڹŹ߹һˣԴĿˣʲôˡ
ô˵ӦŹ˸ӼᶨԼĵ뷨
ʢȴָܷܷӾµĴһһ֣ŵ˿УƷ
һֹȻΪ͢ƷζʿڣôãûԹôɿڵĵ
ûгԹôóԵĵˣ쵹մ˽Ĺ⣬ܳôζĳʳ
Թ̲֮סϵĿڿޡ
˵óԣŹ˶ʱĲѣȻζþͶԵ㡣
³ԵĲڣҲùԼϵĵģһͬƷ
µ˵ͷлŹһΡ
ϵˮһƻһѩ棬ûгˮζ£Ȼ۲ѣסˡ
ƻѩ治Сɵĵģͷ̫ҪŸƻŹ˵ϵĻʵЩţ̫ѿˡ
Ź˷·ƳĹǣȻԸԵϽˮ˳ԡ
ڳƻѩ棬üʱСģŹֶ࿴˺üۡ
³ԵԽ࣬ԵԽģŹԽǸˡ
⹬ﰡһ±ƣٻ޹ԶԷ˵ǲԼˣ׽Ͽ˼
ܲ
ʵԶû¾ãԼһۣһ͸СӦŹ˻ûʲôġ
ҪԬôԶŪûﷸֹԬǲҪ
Źˣʵ벻˼ʲôҪԼɡ
˻ϲϲĳŶһһ˵лһ˱˴֮ľ룬˸ոյǷ
һʱ䣬μʱʱľͻᴫ˵ĻЦ
ûôᣬûΪԼ㣬Ժڹ·ôߣ
պʱˣŹ˵ԼºȲĿġ
ԣһ㶣û뵽Ź˻˵⡣
Źᣬæֿڽ͵˵þЩͻֻǾðɣ仹СòֲȺЩгɲαŴõ껪أҲˣ޳ɣʲôӡ
˵̾˿·뵽˵Լ
ǿ빬ȿҪһأΪʱò毺ãҲóһʱ䣬һΪʳŮͻŮϧزˣһֱʹĵġ
ŹڹʱˣҲһϵĳ谮Ǿлˮ£һһ빬ͳòˣиӻŮҪ
أſʮ꣬òֲҪܱң¸һŮ°пˡ
պֿòɣ£ֻҪлӻŮҲ̫
˺ݺݵ۸ȥ˭Ҳţʱ˷ӡ
Ź˼һ¶û˼ֻּȰ˵
ҵ˼ǣҪƾ⸱òϳ¸һŮиӻŮҲⱻ۸ȥҲҪùܶࡣ
˵ڶԴӻŮϣȷʵҪȶԴɺ̫࣬ӽһʮź
ǵģʮĸι̵ĸа˸а˸ķʣµľˡϴ˵ȸӻһЩˡ
һӦڣֻ幬źΧڻӻŮźĹνˣɼɣںӡ
Ź˵ô࣬Ҫٲ˼Ǹɵˡ
Ź谡
˵ŹΪʲôȻ׳֦أԭ˼
ҲԣֻüֵӣҪȻ˭һʲôǵ͸СӦ
뵽ԼĴеΡ
峯ΪϵС檣Ҳ˯һ˯ԣһλʷϸʢĻʵۡ
ɹؼǣΪһĩƷСӦλүҲҪ˵˼ˣҲûôõ鰡
ԣŹ˵뷨ǲ̫뵱Ȼˣ˵̫ˡ
£ɲǰરƤӣÿ޵鰡
ûһ棬Ҳû鹬˵飬ѣ
ţֱ죡


6 
˺һ֮ŻصҲ̫ˣ⹬òɺ࣬˵޴󷽵òĵǻ﹬ɫڣ﹬еڣǶҪ˦Ҽȥò˻ϵۡ
±Լ⼸λںóļλòû˵
֮־棬Ҳǰ״
ʵҪһ㣬û˵˻ӻŮΣλֲԸΪ˼¡
²֪Լĺӣڱϥ£һҲѣԼ׽һǧһܲ˵ġ
Ȼ˵ǲ˵ģֻ˵ˣõλݣһ涼ѣбûް
˵ŹҴˣŹ˾ǰԺԬڣЩλôڿǰ¶ء
أ޳СӦؾǰǰһ˭ɡ
Ź˸ӣֱЦŰοҲ̫ǫˣõò鹬Ҳһģ˵㲻Ҫ˵Լ㣬ЩˣǶûˡ
˵˴ֻһתûע⵽ȷʵЩѣֻҪϽģʱ׼ţܻлڻǰ¶ģʱõĺ𡣡
˵ˣڹô꣬ЩеģôҲһ
Ź⼸仰Ǿ˵൱ֱˡ
ٴȻ
ôŹ˲˼ǻҪ԰
ˣŹ˰裬ͼʲôһ겻óСӦŹ˷ŷæ
ΪãڵĳӦϽģзֵıҪ
˵䲻ģֱһ!
Щλ˼ˡ
µС϶ʱ¶˼ԥü΢΢⡢˵̫ͻȻһʱ治֪ôػء
ŹЦˣڵˣÿԺúûȥĥһ½˵ĻҲ١
˵꣬ĵĸϽת˻⣬Ȼʼ顣
Źû׷ᣬһŹҪڸ׼ĻЩء
ֺͺ˵˺һл¼ɫ磬ǡ
ǰŹȴԼƥг
õһιҲûʲôö͸ãƥӻþʹȥ·ɡ
£
ǳõģ̫ðɣҲ̫ѿˡ
УƥҪǺöĻǻʲôöƥжϵһķˡ
ԣϽܾɣǰŽѾʢܻýĵĶȥء
ݴա
ʲôѽͶԵ͸õġ˵˴Ź˹ֵ˵̫٣ãŲ¡
¶ʱ֪һ˵ʲôˡ
Ϊ̫ãŲյġ
죬˵ЩʲôŹȴѾƥֱӷŵѩ
ѩӣʱмֲ֪룬һΪѿ£⡣
ףŹҪԼˣԣ뽻ˡ
ֻöŹ˸˸þͺƤ½ˡ
ȴͬʱ̾һƾСӦҲ֪ʲôʱܻݴ
µĻػŹ˸ոհŵЦտǰµֵŶ
˵꣬³
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Ź˴һԼ䣬ƥӵѩ̲סĸ˵Ź͵ƥӣ͵Ŀʱūӽ괺ûӲôأںˣƥӣū澾ܸ´ˡ
˵񸮽̫ôһزǱߵãֱӽӵһˣ·Ӷû
ⲻ۸ԼӲܳ
룬ɵķҿ˿ۣ˿ӷ֮ºԵú΢
ѩĸˣȴüͷ
ãôȴѡ
ҪԺദܳãܲ޻أһëε˰ɡ
Լûбֳ˵ģѩƥзŵϣתǲŹ˵Ļ
Ź裬ⲻϵڱĺӦø˲ǣôȥûء
ҡҡͷ£ŹôصҳŸûʲôء
Ϊһ׵СӦõóֵĶֱ̫ˡ
Ź˵֮£оԼ̫ңԶˣһ㶼ʵ
Ľ崩ŴִĽָķˮĴԽŮˡ
˼ңԼ˱˵ȻӰ
˼ұĴԽŮõŮ籾һԽռ䣬Ȫˮ壬òпܻһļȻ۷塣
ʲô˵ִĽָˣԽߵĲټߵĽָҲû
˵Щûоûаɣôʳиüδܳɰɡ
ԲЩҲûС
ֻвưӣ˵̣һ۾ܿͷǾڿ󹬣ĬĬĵ͵СӦֱ
ҲԣҲȲͻԭһ˵ͱݺ߱˵ֱƨˡ
뵽˲ԼԶˡ
ոĿǸŹʲôôžˣ뵽ôء
ѩ֪Լӳʲôˡ
ΪŮû˱Լӵжټҵףȷʵûʲôöóġ
Ҫɰģ͸Ź˵ɡ
ԼȻһ㣬򵥵ĺɰʤεģҪǣȻһ㣬ɹԼģҲһ⡣
£ɰ˰ɣԭļܣɲʲôĺɰ
Сʲôģǻ
ǾͰ˵ģС԰ɡ룬»ص
ҪСˣͱⲻõŷˣҪõŷĲϣһûǰµġ
һ۵ִ˷ڽ񣬴ȡ˶ӳ
ѩȥƽ齻ȥ
ǣѩӦūȥˡ
˵תԼ䡣
ѩȥ˵Ŀյ¿ʼ˼ʲôС͸Źˡ
˵ʵĳޣǰʱҲֻСģõĻǵ翾䣬ڵԭϺĲϤҪǰֿɿСģеѡ
ԣ˼¾򵥵С͸Źɡ
һĹѩʹƽԼ䡣
ҲϻֱӽװŶӵĺɰݸƽһŷһŷĹ£ŷĵطʳɲС
ƽӹɰūȥʡ
ŷҪͬĻŷ˸׼һ㶹ƵĲϣȥŷ
㶹СԣͨѰζɿڣ´ʳ
ҪǣǰԼ֡


7 
ƽ¸װӺɰһСܵܵŷֱҵ˹鹬ŷĹ˵Լӵ󣬾˺ɰ
Ǹװ֣ͷߣǸһЦۣʮˣŻ쵽һŷλõ̫ࡣ
˵Цʱ򣬿ЩüĿ޺鹬С̫СŮǶ֪λĺֺڡһӵĻˮ
˿۲óɵķѹˣǳе£Ҫ˵Щ˱ȲݼС̫ˡ
ɻ˵Ϊɵĸ̫࣬鹬Щˣûʲô취
ңҪԵıһ㣬Եĺһ㣬ܵλҪϸŰͽᣬҲ֮١
ƽǰҲ鹬һûǮû·Ҹõطʵ̫ˣӦǰء
˵ˣڻߵūţôҲҪЩӻˢͰС̫Ҫ̫ˡ
һ߽ӹƽݹĺɰֵ˵ߺɰһﰵţ̫߳ˣŵӦûӻ¸ˡ
鹬ͱˮ٣ڼȻӣ߲ܡ
Ҫ˵ӦҪ㶹ƣҲֻǷѵ㶹Ͱǵ£˵׬ء
ԣӵķϣЦеضƽȥӣҪŷ㶹Ƶ飬ҾӦˣֻŷǣϹʲôģҿ϶Ԥˡ
ƽЦصǾллŹȫˣūͻȥҼ¡
˵գЦŶ˵˼ɵĻųŷ
ԼڣŻתƽ˵Ѿͬʹŷĵط㶹֮󣬵һƽ
ͬ£֮У˭֪λŷ£̰ӣǮţôܲӦء
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ҹʱѾ\͸ˣһӰĴӺԺǰԺ
μڣɶڿϣڲ࣬һͷص͵͵СŮڿڸʲô
СŮ˵껰ÿҶüſڵ˵Ź˺ӦߵĺܽŹ˻ӦȥȲˣ
СŮ˵ͷū˵ľʵⲻһڣū澾͸Ͻܹ֪ˣңߵʱūԺƵģŹ˻ƥϺõӸӦء
ɳĬƬ̣üףϵĲ֦ƸǱˣ֪ˣȥɡ
Ȼ鹬ɣһԵĶŵ˺ԺɲǶǷˡ
СŮںԺɵ֮һ
СŮ˵仰תͷ汾
ǣū澸ˡ
СŮŰɸ˸Ȼ³˴μ䡣
͵ſڣͳһͱõĺɰݵСŮУ˵Ժʲô紵ݶֻǣԲ㡣
СŮװӵĺɰʱϲüҡ
ģūһﶢ˺Ժ
Ϊǰһ߿أû뵽ɾȻӡ
ıȴɫԣֻȥɣҪƼˡ
ʵСŮΪԺߣҲֻϵģǲǰɸӣҪġ
ǡСŮԳܿʧҹɫ
СŮתμ䡣
һĲˮһϽӦ飬ô
Ҫ˵鹬аɵ˭Ź˿϶һ
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¶ɻӵ˼ǣŹӦ裿
ҲֻһֿܣҪȻʵڽͲŹͻȻӦĿġ
У֪ǲԼĴܾӦβ֮΢ôһ仯
Ҫ˵ӦԵı仯ɣÿεü˳۵ĸ밲Բĵģ˵ˡ
Ĳ²Լһֱ¶֮ɫ
ЦһôǸľͷԴһİҿѽϾǰ׷ѹ򡣡
ǰ˵Ϻͳ빬ǽεСҲϲһʱ䣬ȫǻӣ߹ϵڿǰж¶Ļᡣ
ϧԽʧԽʹȥˣλҲֻ޹Σͱ֮Ժ˲˵궼û޹
ǰװ˷һġ
ˣúɿһôЦ˵ģˡ
ϵͱԴǣȻҲô𣬻˵Ƿмӡ
һϵ̬ȣǾ͸ˡ
أϾȻľͷһϣʱðǲǻ˵ĸо
˵Ҫı£Ҳڻ޳裬⸱ģˡ
ӵ˼ǡ̬ȣȷʵ
ʹڰɣҿǲһ仨赭дﻹżֻ
Ҫ˲źأΪһλʰˡ
*
ա
Ӱɴ밲ݲùţ¾ʹѩƽ鹬ŷˡ
ūżӦӦ򸣽𰲣ǰ
Ϊŷ£Ȼ鹬ĵλȻɼɣĻҪжôƲЩóĵλɣǾһˡ
æͿĻصŹ𣬴ŷŹˡ
±˭Ȩ޿ɽСӦЩȨƵ̫ƨһ
ÿķģǾ֤
˼ҼװģĸиǾǸˣҪһˣǣʹǶģϢŪ㣬Ҳпܵġ
ҪΪΣϵϽֵǮ⡣
رЩԺȵ̫࣬ʳϣһġ
󣬰װֵϣЦ⣬˫ͲС۾еֻʣ϶
ʵͲźۼĽ´һ顣
ĵ֪鹬Ӧ಻ףû뵽ֻһ£ͷʲôζûҲӲĳĳֵ
һ߰һϧһЦǺǵӦūҪʲôģֻǾ֮͵飬´ʲôҪõŷĵطֻܷԸǣūſ϶Ϊ󿪷֮š
¿Űװ֣ЦеﰵƲƲ졣
֮֮ͣͻôӣǺĺڵĶûˣһ
ʲôֻܷԸ󿪷֮ţ֮ⷽҲҳģҪȻŷŶ
Ȼô룬ȴһЦһһ
һ˵ʱЦøˣͬʱһ:Ӧߣ׼Ķء
˵꣬ǰ·


8 
鹬ŷܴ䷿ô󣬿ɱסԼˡ
ΪŲãŷֻǵļæµʰš
һˣߵһǫ̃ǰָԱݷõһ㶹ӦõĶūͱˣֻڹˣʲôҪģֻܽ
ллŹˡٴθл
㻹˵Ȼӣͦ£¿˿ݷ㶹ȻѾһһŵİƤˣʡ˲ٵĹ
ԣʱ־ãԼӻЩֵˡ
ףȥǰָһϲѧͽ̫࣬֡
һ¾͸ϲˡ
ԼӣὫ̣أиʦʦԱ߿ţǿ̫ˡ
û취ֳղˣʳ͸һ
ӵʱţĳʳζʱһʧ֣ǶζԴۿۡ
Ҫ˵ĳʳ͸ŹģҪһСˣޣûطȥ
ںˣϲĴ
˵¿ʼϴƽջСʦϲԱָӴ֡
ܿ죬ѾƤİ㶹ͽˮˡ
ô󿪣ȻתСҪһֱ󵽰㶹ȫ͸ըΪֹ
󶹵ĹУĵ£˳ŷһϡ
ϣִΪƹϡ
ԣֿԣ裬ԳųԵ̻ƹϡ
ִƹϰղ洦ɼһ߹ڹʹһˣӦλݣԸƹϵʸûеġ
ƹڹֻгλϲܳԵĶķûһҪһŷ֮Уϻƹϣеѡ
ŷ̨ЩֻܿܳԵĸɫѼ⣬߲˹ϹٴһŷջСŮҲСӦҪǿһٱ˼޷԰ˡ
ôջѾͷŷ鱦أָͷ©һ㣬϶Ҳӡ
㣬˵ˣ񫣬Ҳ첻
ӣ㶹Ĳˡ
ѩԼԴһ˫ðǹ۾û뿪̨ϵļϹϽѵ
ȥҪߵʱ򣬾̧ţ߲ˡ
ǾͿɡ˼¿ڵ
ԣϲѩʼжõİ㶹˳Ȼͱõİǡ
ЩһҪѿ㶹ˡ
˵ʵûե֭û峯Ҫ뽫㶹ȫȫĽ࣬Ҫرϸ壬ǾҪٷһˡ
ֶ࣬һ˵ַڳɹĽһõİ㶹˺ϸϸ״
ɸȥʣ²˲ͷϸܵĺһ
æһ磬Ҫһˡ
ҲԣһأһӦǵڶҲؼһ
ӵļѼ⣬Ϲ߲ˣϲָ£ʼաר־ĳ㶹ˮ֣Ȼʢװͱõĸɾ
Ǿˡ
峯ûб䣬͢ҪȻ飬ڹŷ뱸רʳı
ùͬϲѾƷ㶹ƣŵŷϡ
ԭǴϲǮӣİæŵģϾڵĶСŵΪá
ϲӣЦ˵æſԣ򲻻յģֻ㶹õʱ飬ʾͺá
ϲ˾٣¶ʱָ߿ۡ
ͨһĽӴԭϲӡͲܳԿ͵һСҲ˽ʲôˣҲȥ
Ҫǣϲô̰̫ѬĿȾ£һֱƷУ̫ѵˡ
ϲҪ֪ôУһͷߡ
ôܲϲأû˲ϲӵġ
Ϊ鹬һ۵ѧͽıȱ˸ԶһЩһӶֻѧͽĿԶ󣬶ԴˣһֱŬš
ȻأӦڿֻǸóСӦһ˹ʺˣҲ˵
ھҪ˼ãҲǴˣʱ˭õ˭һء
Զ˵ˣӦûеó裬Ҳûʧʲôǡ
Ȼ֪ϲС˼һУ˵һѩƽŷ
վԭأһ˵ıӰŷֱҲӰŻعͷ
˫ۣԵ̫ܱһϧͿǣ̾ϢϧˣǿϧˣӦĳģҲôڹǲóأǰϹ⸱ò
˵⻰૵̾ϧˡ
ܱЦ˵ģ⹬һ굽ͷյòɣɶȥˣһòҲɲֻӦһҲûϷݸ̾
˵˴ֺЦԴսԡ
ѹ˵ǿλϧ˼ͽ˵Ҫˣ͸ǣߴȥһʧСӦϳģɱȸŻǿˡ
Խ˵ԽףԽ˵Խ̧֣һܱĺϣָϽ̧ͷ³˼ۡ
ŷڵĹ˶ȻĸŻ˵Ļûע⵽ˣһ
Ҫܱͽܣһֱ֪СǸûŵģҪΪ뺦λˡ
ѹ߳˵ʲôأС뺦ǲǣүҲФ룬ҺֳҿСǲҪˡ
ܱŷ۵ĺףЦСֺõʦԩͽ뺦껹أͽⲻǼˣû֪֪ȵңҾ͸ʦһ˸СŮˡ
ĵĸСŮܸСһҪҲǸСŮôǣĺῪĺ
Ŷأ
ܱһۣŰֲһҡһٵˡ
ܱ֪˴Ͻȥû
*
磬´ѩһŷ
Ѿغõ㶹ƴӱȡ˳Ȼøɾĵߣϲָ£гɺÿΣаڳÿ͡
ȻӦ͸ϲ㶹ƣҲûˣרгһ͸ϲл
͸뻹˰ɡ
˼鹬ŷ£ʲôöûԹ治㶫
ҪǣʱûŷڣҲòͶĽڡ
һ͵ɣҲøѩƽˣܶһ㡣
ʳУ˴ŷֱӻ˺Ժ
һصԼסԼ䣬¾ȲĴʳУԼԵǷ㶹˳
ѩ쳢µݸѩһ˫ꡣ
ѩԴҡ˲˹ģӳ԰ɣūڲ
ֱӽµü΢ͳԣôķϻû㵱ԡ
ŴбȻ֪ѩ˼ܶһ㡣
ԴһֱźĹŮѾԼˡ
ΪԶװ׺ݺݵСģѩɫ΢΢ЩݣͬʱмֺЦ
ԴӴһӶٸǰһˣȻʱ򣬻ǲ࣬ദʱԵĸоӺǰ˵Цˡ
ǰӲľګԣʵ˵ʱΧһֺɫһ粻˵ڴǰӴ￴Ժľһ硣
ܳһʱ䶼Ӧˡ
ںˣڲú󣬺ʲôͨˣҲû˲٣ûǰôƸˡ
ֻЭȳԣūٳԡ
µ˵ͷ꣬һ㶹ƷŵС
ζĺܲϸ壬ڼһĸоʱζ١
ӣ㶹ƻǺܳɹģڿԷĵ͸Ź˳ˡ


9 
Ͷһ˺ü飬ϴ£ʳȥŹ˴
ȥʱŹߵĹŮæЦӭݡ
һߴѩӹʳУݵŹߵУһЦŶŹ˵Ҳûʲôö͸Žģ͵ŷ˵ʳù㳢ɲҪմֲڡ
Ź˺ǵµС֣ģ˻أôأҪ˵ˣҿҪúóõա
˵Żǣ˿ߵϡ
±ʳͻȥģɿŹ˵ļƣǴĻĽడ
ĻĻɡ
Ź˺Ǹˣ²˳ʳ͹˵ҲĽܲء
õĴ£ѾʼˣŹ˵˵лһʵ
ЦŻصѾʼˣҲֱ֪ҲﲻѩʲôæֻˣʵڲУȴľ¾ˡ
ʵɵ·Ӧ߷Ǳ߸ģֲóɣȥ߷㲻ǮĻǰ˻֪ĥ䵽ʲôʱء
Ҳȵ춼ˣôµʱ˼ҲŸ·Ҳǲܵ顣
ԣóɣѡԼߵĹȥ
һǲǸأڵŮ˶ٶЩŮ죬·Ǵ´ġ
Ҫһ㣬߻ҲϽŮʱһҪ
Ȼִ붼ҪѰ쾢ߣǲҪΪˡ
Ź˵ۿһůһ죬ÿҪץˣҪʱĻ߹ŮŮ첻ʱһѩ
¸ϽھܾǵˣҲæ£ֽʱô鷳أⷬˣɲ鷳ˡ
ǰŸҪ˼ƥӣٽŸ˼ҽ·ƤٺҲ
Ź˼ܾĸɴ࣬Ҳǿֻգ⡣
ӣͨһ̥Ҳ쵽ˡ
΢΢һû뵽ŹźȻ磬λͨϻе·ݣȷʵѾоŸ£쵽ˡ
ǿˣҲͻС°ɡ½ӻ
ǰҲ֪ʱү᲻ȥŹ״˵
£
ΪŹǹͨһ̥أԭ˼ҹĵǿ᲻ȥ
룬Ҳǣĸɲϵհ
˵ɣǱ˭λʷϴĿʵۣȻһء
һ뵽һ㣬֪Ϊʲô¾ȻЩڴ
ʷϵĿˣǺĻ񰥡
Ź˴ʱ̫ոɽ
°֮ǰʣµ㶹һЩѩȥָƽ
˸ûõӣҲԲʲôóԵģҲֻʱůůǵˡ
ƽѩʳУȻ˻ˡ
ѩЦŶ԰ɣӿ࣬רģҽ㣬ܾ÷ţòҪҹ
ллѩ㡣ƽЦһãﻹ̵ġ
û뵽ӻ
ѩƽɵЦӣ;úЦЦˣһȥˡ
ѩߡ
*
һѮϽǿʼ˴ꡣ
СȻµĲǺܴ󣬿µĺоͷһ˺գ˿ûҪͣӡ
ʱµ£ϲԼĴСڴǰʵϸꡣ
ҪǻҪԷԼһȥ
һ˵Էһ
Դϴȥŷ㶹ƣƽ֮ճʳǰ΢΢һЩ
˵仯ж෭츲ذɣôÿζȺܼһЩˡ
ˣʱϸ죬Ȼܳ϶ĵġ
㶼¸жˡ
룬ѵǽǮ
ΪˣͶֹһ󣬻ƽԭ
ֻƽҲ˵ȻҲӦǵ͵Ƕӣм˺ܴá
¶ʱãӣ͵Ҳֵ̫ˣһسʳʳҲơ
ǲ֪״ܳʲôʱ
ѩأæŰŹ͵ƥӣ²üɴ£Աŵʱ򴩡
㻹˵Ź͵ƥĲɫǻɫʺΣɼ˼Ź񣬻˼ġ
֪֪Źͨ˼Ⱑ
ѩµĲԶһߴߣĴ£һлƵʵ
תСɻ󣺡⣬ʲô⣿
ڸпһܼܲ
ѩ͵̾һ֪ԼӸûףŹ˵ʱ˵⻰˼
ҪȻգҲûһſڴǰ꣬˿ûһ׼˼ˡ
ͣ߻̧ͷū澾ãŹ˻˼Ӻú׼һ£һջϳ֣Ҳиڻϸǰ¶Ļᡣ
Ĳˡ
ͨӣڻϸǰ¶ʲôϵ
ϸϸ˼һŹɣףŹ谡
й¶Ź뵽ģɿ϶Ҳ뵽˵ˣϾȥˣ˭֪ʱһڴŴ羫µҪע⵽ңǲйء
ѩĬƬ̣룬Ҳ˵ĺ
ûĸɣӵʱûע⵽ġ
Сֽ꣬գڵʱڷ磬ڽԼſڴϿȤ
ѩ⼸յķսҲڰųŵ¡
õڴϣ˵شߴ£ӿһԺϲҪǲūҲðٸһġ
ҲԵúܸˣʱû£Ҳ滻Ŵˡ
ҪСడ
ֻǿ£ҧָȴַѡ
ԴǳɫأԴɫء
ôˣﲻԣԼӳɵĶ·ѩ̲סʵ
ǵǣԴһء
գѩһЦ˳
һһҪϵġ˵˴ڽ飺ҪԴһɫİɣַ۵ɫʺСĴˡ
Сʣ뵽Լִʮ䣬¶ʱı⡣
ԴɫǼɣǳɫһʺһ㡣
ﴩɫĺҲҪһȴɫһ԰ɡ¿ڵ
ǾӵģԴǳɫһ
ʵѩ治Լʲôþģʱ·ǶҪȴһʲôء
ֹ֣ѩùǼɫװʼźϴ
㻹˵ɫµķɫͱ˰ֽܶ࣬۵ǳɫװʡ
ټĸӯ񻣬·һ֮УӲĴһֱ
ѩ̲ס޵ӴɫȻÿ
ż򵥵ںڣЩźʱ̫ϣҪǳԣĻںϺÿķĻߣ϶ÿ
Щڼˡ
ЦŰοѾܲˣԺпˣˡ
ѩЦ˵ǣūˡ


10 
ԼĴôôÿʱԼ⴫ƽ˵
ѩȵţū澳ȥƽʲô¡˵գԼתȥ
ֻƬ̣ͻˡ
ױ̨ǰʵƽʲô飿
磬ûŵʱء
ǰǱߴ˵ͨ˷ˣúԺʰ˵ǰԺϣȻҪȥ
¾ȵĻͷ
˵ʲôʲôû뵽ͨôͷˡ
ѩȴżҵҺūһ¸ϳˣҪȻӾҪȥľ³ţЦˣϵ·ûˣôŹȥ
³˳Լװûǲǲ̫á
ͨƴƴӣǴĻ֦չǰȥⲻȥ
ֵѩˣʲôõġеɲ
£ãˡ
Ͷ˲پ£ʼæͷױ
Ѿ£ױݺͷϣԼʩ죬΢΢üͷθǸһֻ˶黨Ӧ
ȲԵóҲ˿ᡣ
һ׼׵ԼԺͱҲǰԺء
˵ױʹϵ£һ
ͷϵЩͷΣǰױͷζһ㣬²òţһгɹŮˡ
ǰԺƽ밲һųԬڣξȻǰˡ
Ԭδһɫװͷϴžµĺе䣬Ʒϵĺ챦ʯ飬ĵСԡ
ټױݱƽ밲ʱҪ£ֱӲͷεͱȥ
һ߰ΪԼûдǼɫװңҪȻ϶ҪԬײһָ̾ԬڹȻˢӣȻô̵ʱڣԼ㾫ºÿ
Ԭڿ´һǳɫװȻʩ죬ֻüż򵥵ͷΣȻԼ£мֲ
յױݣǷ๦򣬲ֺֿõĳ̶ȣƾʲôӦֻǼ򵥵һʰס
Ӧôͷζˣ鹬ĹţǴĿ鹬棬ᣬðĸ顣
Ԭﲻı֣һͱ˵˵̡
е¡
ΣҲԬڵˣǹúӶ£
ȻȻ룬ȴ˵ҪȻԬڿ϶˺ĶС
иҪһǣ˵ô³رԷһλݱߵʱǾ͸ֱĻػˡ
ԣ¶Ԭ΢΢һЦǶԲסԬڸŲˣⲻԼóˮܽأʣ㲻κΣҲ̫û뵽ȴԬڸŲģҵĲˣȸԬڵǸ
Ԭڱ»֮ټ˵һġ
µĻһڣһӾͱԼԼһˮܽءʣֱӸҭסˡ
û뵽ȻôҪԼԼòÿ˻ƽ˵Ӧ
ԱߵͱһϷģſԬôΪӦء
ɵһ˵껰Ҳֱ˵
ĲţⷬǴӵСųӦ˵ġ
ǡڴʱԺŹˡںͳӦҲˡ
ǰԬǷͱ˵Ļû¶Ԭں˵Ǽ仰ȴ˸
رһԼòǳˮܽʵĻһֲǶС
˵Ƕʶ֣ǲʶֵСŮС̫֪࣬Ůòġ
ڳӦʱֻһ뷨ӦʲôʱƤôˡ
ͬ뷨ҲŹˡ
Źͬ½ӴĶһ㣬ڽ֮ǰһֱһ쳣͵֪ʵǫôһˡ
ڣҲȷԼ֮ǰ뷨ˡ
ⲢΪ½ΧֻһһЦӯӯλʲôأĵˣ
Ԭڵ˻ͷŹ˵ķȥ
ЦŽӻŽˣԬڿҳóˮܽأҶмֲ˼ˡ
˵ŻһߵԼС
ɣڳ˶ʱе¡
ӦԼԼóˮܽءôͱԬڿˡ
˻Ҫ
ԬҲˡ
û뵽СӦλε˵Ϲһ˵ô˳˵۾գġ
һʱ䣬֪ôӻ˵֪ô¡
ѵҪ˵ûӦӦԼϹġ
˵ʲô³ˡ
֪ʼĩŹԺЦĶӳȴװԭ
˵գװģ´һ£Цŵ㻹˵Ԭ˵ĵһ㲻ȷʵԽԽƯˣóˮܽһҲΪֻ΢ôһ磬Ǹˡ
ˣãһ˵Ϲġ
ǰʱ䣬Ǿ˵Ź˸ӦߵúܽڿȻġ£Ź˻˰ӦԲ
ܱô룬ȴãиѰԼһһͣã
Ԭ֪ŹڣǱôˣϺܲȻЦЦĬºŹ˵˵ǡ
Щ죬ڰʱ
ɲûв֮ĹУֻǿͱͷΣµͷֻ˶黨̲ס΢΢üͷ
ĵһͷδ̫࣬һִ̫٣߾Ͳһȣ֪˵ʲôˡ
ʲôҲû˵ֻȻ˶ˣǾ߰ɡ
˵꣬ŲȻףǰ棬ϡ
ǵһ߳鹬ĹţȻǿĶ棬Ķʡ
ϾĹʹڵϽǣЩطͬġ
ͨסĳ鹬棬ܽܿĶҲޣⲻֻһĹ򣬼˾͵˴еĿĵء
ڵλǹСť»ϣͬסɡ
ʵ˵ԭǳλɿʮ꾩ǵضסٹ٣סˣɵĳ
ʱСť»ϻǹλﻹɣɿڶʮʱСť»ȴһԾΪλֱӳ˻λɣԺ󣬳λͻСť»ˡ
ں󹬣ǲһλȻкܴģһ˵ģһ˹ܣ֮ɲһǰĲ࣬νһһ¡
Ҳû취һССλڹ֮λǰͲҪ˵Сť»ϵļֱ˦ȥ
Ϊ˵Сť»Ǽ̺ТѻʺãȻյǺԪТʺϵá
Ӧ˵˿һգɸûκιϵТʺˣڹƽˡ
ɺ֪֪֮Ҳ֮󣬾ͽʵǷݲޣ϶еģϾСť»ҪǲĻڻǳλء


11 
ʱǰԺĶǰѾۼ˲ɡ
ЩλСť»֮⣬ɺͳļڴӦ
סڴ㹬ĶɾɣԼСҲһˡ
ɴǰ̫ʦϵĹ񣺡򸣽𰲣
ɡ
죬ϸĻдһ˿ƣ롣
ѾˣһֱǺܺãǳʲôʲôĽ
ͨΪλֲѣֻǿӹල
ĵʵͨôˣֿ˵ʲô
̫ʦŲŲӣŵĻصҲûʲôͨ˵̥Ѿ£Ҳ˵̥λҪǲĻӦƽ
Ҫǣͨβͷ̥λӣټǰλزۣͨӦûСĲǡ
ɷĵǾͺá
¶ƣɫֹĵĽɫãӲ檺λÿţҪȻصЪţʲôˣ֪ͨˡ
˰֣ˣŵסͨҲǵһٶӦûһЩ
ҲȥЪţʵ
˵ˣѾˣٻȥĵһүˣﻹ֪ôء
ɷ·֪ôػһ㣬ûٿȰ˵ָ˵仰󣬾Ҷɾȥˡ
˹⣬ûԱߴţÿԳ٣Ŀһ񣬵ȻһϢܹ
ʵλݣǿԵŵģͨ˵ʹ˵ϢˣĪһĽУù˰һ̫ʦγ
ô棬СһЩ˵ܵһʱү
¸Űɸ֮󣬾ʵʵ˵һߡ
ǵһμôɣһμô棬Ȼֺ档
ʲôأ濵ɵ׶ʲôģ
֪Щ˿ɲǵӾݵЩɣʷʵڹĿɣȻҪúÿһҲԽһδ峯
㻹˵ͨ۲죬¾ķ֣Щɺ鹬ɣЩһ
һأ鹬ɴǺŮӣСҶü֮ľӶ࣬ЩأȴǴ̡ͷľӶࡣ
֪鹬ɣΪʲôܳˡ
ԭʵϲԲͷƯˣǽǶˡ
Ȼ۵Ĳ찡
ֺǺǵؾãԼʲô˲ĴܣһסڶɣҲʼ½½ĵﳤ
Ҳڼ崩ᵽĸ·ɣ󰢸ĸĸ
崩Ƶǣĵĸ˰ĸڣʮطĸڣȵȡ
ǿǲһöׯò
ر޾˵ڣ˵ùɫһ㶼Ϊ
еϣɢһˮʣ˼ǲסѡ
¾һֱվŹߣһԺӵݺݺ࣬Ϳۡ
ǰԹЩɲϤֻҪվﲻԲҪ̫ĶҲ˿ע⵽
ֻ˫۾Ͷ䣬ȴûһֱЩɵɵĳƺòԷպּ治ʶξ档
ԺãܿͽԺɼס߰˰ˣмûСӦҲ޴󰭡
ôûСŹˡ
ϣһֱ֮һ˵λ޴󷽣ˬÿϲɡ
Ź˵͵ڵѾ߸£˶ĳ˶ӣ׳£ǶԵģֻҪ˾ͺá
˵ǴˣֳϾ㲻֣Ҳ˵ʲôŪûִ֪أûбĩá
µ˵ͷҲ˶ĳϣΪá
ֵСʱͨȴٳû»ãҲûмһ˿Ӱ
ʱԭЦӯӯˣϿʼ¶˼ֽʧ
֪ģǲˣҪȻôʱ䣬Ǭ幬ߺüˡ
Ҫ˵ء
ôһֱȥҲǰ취ֻ÷ͨ˵̥һʱүǬ幬ǱҲ·æǲˣλǾȻȥɡ
ȥˣڹһվؿڵǳ檾ȴ˻ȥˣһֱ̫ã벻ˡ
̬ᣬԴһֶĵĺʹĸ֮ģϧ
ôһ˵ϽǵȥɣҪ
͹һߣҲǡ
ʵλݣͨһӣǲҲûʲô
ɳλǹҪӣһۣվһ½ţһĹҲñֱԼͻݣû֪ǹѰ֮ˡ
ڻϼȻˣҲûıҪܸɴĴˡ
ߺʣµλɣҲû˼ȥıҪ׷״ԼɸˣҲ⣬Ŷɾһȥˡ
һǰֻʣ°ɴŵ鹬ˡ
Źµ뿴λɣ͵ˣҲÿ˻鹬ȥ
û뵽ɲΪûһ˿һҪڻȥ˼
󣬾һ̲סʣôɲȥ
ӯӯһЦȥҲûʲô飬󲻹ڵʱ䣬檾Źɣͨʲôʱ꣬ٻȥҲ١
˵գתͷļ˵˭ҪǴķˣȻȥɡ
µһãϲҲҪȥˡ
Ϊ鹬λɲߣЩСɣҲÿ˵ԼȻȥ
ҺǴ죬ȣ̫ϣЩůůĸоҪǸ죬ôȥЩ˷ǵɡ
ŹλߣЦŴ˻ػɽҲ˵ˣȥҲûʲô飬Ǿɡ
Ȼ˼Ҳ˵ʲô
ָָԼǻóգǰɺŹɣվҲˡ
ɺŹûƴǣ˹ԱߵϣǼˣҲŲŲλãվ¡
ͨͬŹ˵л
ͨ˶϶ʹнæµˣһֱɫ糣
Ͼÿ깬ﶼй̣һҪΣ˾ռߣҲŲ
ºԬˣΪ龭٣΢΢˼ֽŸУͨ˻ȻѲ
м֣ͨ˵֪һаúַһЩ
ʱ֪ĸͻȻ쿴ǲǻˣ


12 
һɣڳˣ۹ⶼˢˢ˳ſڣҲ⡣
ȻϣֻǴ󲽣ڹ˵Ĵӵ£ƺƵ
ɲǿ˭
ԶɶɫȻĹʱڳʱҲɫݣ͸¶ϲ
Щʥ֮ˣϵı飬ֻϲ⣬ˡ
ʵԸҲֻǱϹèӵĵ̬˵ģȥҲûʲô飬ء
û뵽ȻԸ˿Ӱ
¸һҲǼ˷ּһ˫һ۶ʱۡ
Ԭڸţ֮£ʹԼŮƵֱ۶ֲ֪ҳֻӲš
ڹɵ˴ϲлع֮󣬿ʼ߳£ǰĿŽƵֱۡ
μϣ򸣽𰲣
ɡ
˵Żߵ˹ԣͨ˵ʹɻôͨ˻û̥
ӹȥǬ幬ţڶһʱˣ˵ͨõ̥ǣôôˣûʲôɡ
æ͵ҲҪļѾʹˣ˵ͨһ̥̥λҲһֱһЩˡ
ԣŷһЩ˵һǾͺá
Ϳ˵ڳļλ۾ȫ۽ϣ۾գһ£´˻Ͽ˵ʱ©ǡ
ҲǶ𾢣ֻΨһͬǣϣע⵽Լȴϸ۲ſĳࡣ
Ȼ۲ĽǣϿͬ־໹ٶǱã˫ĿǾ
ȻϸĻ΢΢еСʱ컨µĶۣ˿Ӱһӵʵ
ټ괦ڸλűûеȣֱֹ̬˺Զѡ
һ߸˵Żһ߲źۼɨһȦڳˡ
ϣŹˣڣԬڣ⼸λʶģɨӦǼλʶʱȻûκӡ
Ҳǣ̫࣬һЩСӦСŮ֮ĵλɣûӰˡ
ֻǣɨһµʱ⣬ǲײ
һۣҶüɫһ㣬Өļʩ죬д˿˿ģһ޾׵С
ˮܽأȻȥΡ
ʵҪֻҲʲôϾɫʶˣµòһ°ˡ
һ˫һۣȴĿ⣬һ˫˫ͫˮ鶯񣬲٣ʱһ̬
Ȼܿע⵽˿ɨ񣬱Ͼоſĳ˵ٳࡣ
ⲻΪ˸λһӡǺòĶϿͬ־¶һ˿ı׼΢Ц
ֻ׼΢ЦǰЦˣջߡ
ղ࣬ʵҲͲɨһۣ΢΢ôĹ
Ҫ˵һʱ벻һλˡ
΢΢Щʧ
Ϊͬ˵󣬻ע⵽Ĵڣҵȣֻ̧ͷһۺ˿ûҪ˼
λøոնһ˳檼ͨ껹Ҫһʱ䣬ͷǶȥˡ
ΣǸһûڳԭ
жģҪǣ˺󹬺öɣȿȥɾͻ֪
ʱ򣬿϶ڿǰɻȥ飬Լ˵ء
΢΢üͷҲأǿֱӷԸһûǿžˣαԼΪء
ⷬԹʵĵĻʱùһ
ոΪ˵ǷλɿѵĻĵȻ˼
еиܳŵסȴȻȥˣ͸Գͻ
׹İŹ˵ˣﰵһգҺǵˣҪȻҲᱻһ
Цү˵ô飬檻ܳŵסģ˵ˣﲻǻаú鹬ļλãų𡣡
˺һĹʱҲû鹬ˣҪȻ翵϶Ҳỳ˵
Ȼڹᵽ鹬˺󣬿̧һ۰ɣ˵ͷ޵ţҲǸõġ
ڿǰᵽԼոǵ㲻죬ʧӰ١
չһЦⶼӦģȥҲ£͵Ź˵л
һ̣ԹӲ£Ҳ֪Ĵӿ͹ĻУһŵ
˿ܲʲôͬΪŮˣƣٻǶһģοŮˣÿ˵һ仰⡣
վԺֵһᣬͨ˻ǳٳûʣ֪ͨ޴󰭺ָ䣬ʹŹ˻Ǭ幬
ǰ·æһֱڳȵͨϣҪ˵ͨ˻֪ʲôʱء
ͨһ̥ĵȷȵʱ򣬲ڵһСΪʮŮ
ʮŮһܿɹȥǬ幬֪ͨ˿
ͨµǸСʱȷʵЩźһ̥ǸС磬뵽ԼϥѾʮ磬ҲͺܿȻˡ
깬ôѣÿһӹޱȣԽǽԽزۣÿһӹ£󣬽ɹССġ
ɾЩӣһһûˡ
Ҳ⼸һЩǰ漸һЩİ繫ҲѾʮˣز۵ļʴ٣⼸ĻӹվסҲҲ˿
ͨԴ֪ԼƴƴǸС֮һʱҲ˵ʲôζ
СԼں󹬵ĵλףһ̥ҪǸĻһԼϥ¡
Ϊй涨ֻλԺһλſԸãֻǹˣԼʵ̫ʵ
ϾҲС磬һûҪǸĻҲκϣ϶Ը
ҪǹĻǽʹһˡ
λǹϥѾʮ磬ڸǻһټӲã϶޷տС
ǹˣֻҪһ˵Լ븧С˼пͬⲻ˵пܻڿǰ˵û
ϾֻǸǰûʲôӰ죬Ҳһֻۣһֻۣ񲼹ˣϥµҲԼһֱ
ңʱҲúӣû̽СȥҲӦǴ˼
һʱ䣬ͨǼʧ䣬ָˣ֪Լò˸Ը
лҪ˵
˭˵ӡ


13 
»صԼʱѾˡ
Ьһ˦ֱ۵̱ڴϲ
ʹ󲡳ִŻףڳվһ統ľͷ׮ӣ۲Źء
ȲԼģڴء
ɺôǿЩ̸ֵСӦû˴ϸĹŮһԸ·ӡ
λݵͣûȨܻЪţҲҪ˼ҵɫ
ε˰ɵĺ鸣ʷϵĿʵ۱ˣ־ʲôֵˡ
ڣ鼤Ķ޷ƽء
˷ܵڱӴ˺üѩ߶š
Ƕǰ󱳣δоԼĶӶܳһͷţȥ
ˣҲһ磬ﲻź㻹ǸϽȥԵ㶫ȥ¶ѩ˵
Ů̫һԵĶǴֻǹŮ񸮰£ڳʳϱЩ̫ҪһЩ
֮ǰѩ˵ǹŮԱûģ˵ߵŮˣŷǱ߻רŸСأЩСɳԵĶҪá
ӦǾ仰ȨߵĹŮλ
ԣѩҲûн飬ȷʵֶۡ
ūȥţӳ극ϣū澻ʰͺãū澺ܻܿ
Ҫ£´ߴٵˣȥɣֲС֪ô
ѩЦЦųԼ䡣
*
ʱͺˣΪ빬Կ磬ͨһС飬Ǻܿʹ˸
ϢͨߣЩں󹬸ģڿǰ˵ʲôҲѾ֪˸š
Ǹûڰ
֪ȥôͲٵȵأùͰɼڻϸǰ¶˵ùһͨ
رǿᵽĻ֮ˣǽһ
ǵ˱˻ԣʲôû˵ˣڻǰ˵û˼أǽû϶
˵ǣĿĻ׾ٵĴﵽˣϣȻƫеĹ
أܶԹһ
Ͼ˼ҵʱҲû˵ʲôֻǳһʵѣǻ˼ϰǽ͵ʱڳԭ
ǣҪж
ٱҲñţ˭˼ǹأֻǸһɲĻ֮λһԽȥһ蹵
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Դͨռһοܾ֮鹬գмָ߿
رǰɺԬˣ͸˼Ѫһſ鹬
ԬռĶЩ˯ž͵Ǭ幬Ǳּǰȥ̼ݡ
Ҫ˵ôţΪļǵãջϿ鹬˵ĿУͣʱã
ڰɣԬڻû¡
ˣѵ޲ɣȻѾǹɣҪи·ľ
ϧԸΥɺԬڵԸ˿ա
һգȥˣ͹ȥˣҲȥˣû鹬һˣûзԬڵӡ
һúɿ˺һЦֵǣﴫɵĻ
ǻ˼˵ɼ˻ϵϲǲϲվڻϸǰϲӶԼˡ
˻һİֱ˵⻰˵Ķ⡣
ԭ崺ɫҲ˵Ҫǿĸɲ˳ۣ䳰ȷǶģʱ򣬶һҲǳе顣
ǰϲԬڣ˰ɲ밲ʱָɣ˵Ԭû£ϣɿ鹬Ц
³ӦЩСǣǴû˵밲ʱ׵ҲͰˣŷʳֱӽһΡ
֮ǰôܳϿȺϵȺ͵ĵӣֱһȥ
Ҳǵһ֪ԭλҪǷƢ湻Ѳģ׳нǾһﰡ
أֻš
ں󹬣һλȨŵģƹŹڹ񣬻ӵŹһɵȨɷλ
ܲĿռɾ̫ˣλ￴㲻˳ۣҪ뷣Ļôҵڡ
ԣüнβͣҪнβͣҪȻʰˣ޵ĵطûС
¼УΨһûӵľֻŹһˡ
ŹźˣʳŮͻŮҲģҪӣŹڲóˣҪÿ֪ˣҲкùӳԡ
ңںô꣬ŹҲǸС׻ֶο϶еġ


14 
ſٽ˿ʼæµиȻһ£ϵ·Ҳʼϲ
´ԼͼУѡһΪõģƽȥ񸮣װ׸
Ϊ鲻ã鹬ӹе࣬Դ֪Բμӹ֮󣬾ٽ㵽ʱͿԳ˶Ƥúôһ١
ѩҪ֪Լӵǹ˷ֻܾΪֻһٺóԵģ϶£ˡ
³˺ܿ쵽ڱ͵йj磬󳼣Ǭ幬м硣
ⲻ´翪ʼ׼ǰȥǬ幬μӹͷʵһСӦҲûʲô׼ġ
ʰ׵ǰԺߵμš
μڣԬںͳӦѾ絽һһĵ𾢣ЦģĵĻͦͶ
½ӦæЦס죬ϴ˼ֲȻˣ
ҸոԬ˵ʲôأû뵽䣬͵ˣӦǾ仰˰߶
µȻţӦոոԬڴһֻ˵Щһ֪ôء
ӦķӦ֪ˣնԴ̬ȣʵֻ̫ʲôҲûҲö˵
Ԭڼ֮󣬾ԲԱ˸£Цſڵû뵽סһֻôһûӦˣҪӦֱӰᵽˣǽҲȡ
Ӧʱҭסû뵽»⻰ҭ
ʱԱߵԬӦԴӲúԽԽˣֻ˵ôһ仰кü
ԴͨգºŹ˰һ֮Ԭһֱһ
밲±ŹĶҲû취ڴŻᣬȻŹ
£
Ӧ˵һ䣬ҲĻһ
Ԭ⻰˵ģ鹬˭֪챿ƽ仰˵ôԬڵͳأ˵ԬںͳӦǰҾͻõư͡
㡪ԬȻվƾҪŰ۵С
ԬڵĺȻվȷʵһܿ춨˶
ָԼӨ׵С˵ԬڿҪʹȥǬ幬ףٵʱҲöϵİӡȼɣ˵һԬڴġ
֪ں󹬿Է򣬿Խ㣬Էд𾭣ǲܴ
㡪Ԭںһֶͣʱͣסˡ
ԬںǲʣɻֱۣȴмֲʾΪаӡﻹȥǬ幬ף٣ˣ
ЦȥȥһȦĸԸңҾȥݷĸɣҾͽԬڸոյ׳ٺúõǰģѧһ顣
㡪ԬǱˣû뵽»ôҪ
ʱոձסĳӦϽԲһ߷Ԭصԭλϣһ߿οԬǲһʶ
··ûӦĻһ㣬Ԭڼʵ˵ҲǱ㺦ү߹һˣûʲôµģҪǻǰһô۸ңô۸ңǿ϶ǲܹˣƣǹŲ´ЬģҪһԡ
ǰƵɺļնҲ֪ΪʲôǸһݺݵĴ
ر˵Ǿ䡮㺦ү߹һ⡯ʱԬڵĵ׾ȻЩҡ
ǰǳ󲡣ȷʵȥˣѲ˵Ĺϵ˵ġ
ˣԭΪʲôǱ۸Ӳ
ͷƱۣƱ㶵ģ㶵²ҪģѾһεˣɶ
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˵ԴӴһ֮Ӿ͸һƵģȻڹŹǰ顣
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˵ʵЩӦǸľͷ񣬸ҸԬڽаģСŮ˼ºȷʵˡ
ŮģūڴμſĿˣԬ̧ҪӦӦ˵Ҫʹ򣬵ʱҲöİӡǬ幬˵һ˵Ԭڴġ
Ԭھ͵ûˡ
Ԭʲôӣе裬Ͳ鹬ˡ
ûУԬڻ˵һ䣬ӦҪаӡĻܻȥǬ幬ˡ
Ӧôصġ
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Ӧ˵Ҫȥȥһ⣬ĸԸͰݷĸɣȻúø˼˵˵Ԭڵ׳ٺ
Ů⻰һڣɵɫͺˡ
ǱµģǱ»ˣ
ҪĻĿ鹬˼˵ܽ޷
ӱӦܾһ˵ŻŻԬڣϾԬڿ붯ִġ
ɫԣæԱȰοɣȻָǸСŮʹһɫ
СŮ⣬Ȼæڵؿڵǵģǵģ˵ĶԣʱӦвԬ˵Ѿү߹һˣûʲôµģԬô۸Ļ˴ƣŵĲ´Ьġ
СŮ˵ã˻һɵɫѿˡ
ү߹һ⣬ѲĹϵ˵ԬģЩµ˵ġ
Ͼĵط˵ⷬ봫Ķ
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һ߸ɴϼڣһ߿ڰοӺαظСӦװԼӡ
ԺӲùܣԬڹҧȥ˭ʤˣ˭ˣ˵ֻкôûлٲޣӶǵλþš
ԣ
˵ĶԣλôſҲԽͷȥǵþʵûҪֻͽԼ鲻á


15 
ɴԼʱŹ˺ڣҲѾڴμһСᡣ
ǵһμɴһʽļۣżڵģһرׯš´󷽵ĸо
ϣͣƬ̵ʱ±ףѾ֪ղŷڴμ䣬Ԭڽǵˡ
ҿɲƵ񣬿ܶ˺ܴ
û취£Ҫ𲻱۸˭Ҳǲܵġ
ֻλϲļɸڼǬ幬ȥ
͢ĵصǬ幬ֻдӦƷɲʸμӣͱûƷɣǲܲμӵġ
ʽ͢磬λҪʽļ˳ڴӦȻûƣҲҪϲ˴û˻ⷽ津ùͷ
Ϊǿ٣ͨӣûй֮⣬ɸĶˡ
һΣڼ˻߸е
⻹㣬һֱƲĻʹ١ϣҲǬ幬
ֻǱ޴󷽣ɫһ念ʹ١ϾͲǺܺˡ
Ӯмʤ£Ļʹ۴ϣԵЩյӼȫ̶һֱ˷ţɼ١ϵ廹ûк
ʹһ
ԴǬ幬ʲôҲûɣλɶˣΪûŵԵʣڶоͷۻ
Żʹĵʼɰ˳硣
ϵjǬ幬ǰƽҷֱлʹɡ˵˵Ĺjϯ
ͷǻʹһµһµĹλݣһˡ
ŵĩȵĴӦλݣŵſڲ˵Ѿһ
һ仰λԽߣϱλþԽλԽͣԽԶ
ڹú󣬻һȦǬ幬Լɣ˸һĳӦ·ӦӦӦ
һλӦһʱвӦ䲻󣬵һ˫۾űԬڻҪСһЩӦǸԬͬһ빬Ů
ҿڿºܺգգ۾
ǵһڹô龫ֵɣȻøУȻƵĻһ΢Ц
ԱߵӦƺΪӦҲ֪ĳƺ
ûɱԼλϣʼڵ˵Сĵ޷ǾһЩ·Ρ
½մľ֮ǰܲԸ⴩Ǽɫװ
·ȻˣҪǲĻЩ˷ѣҪ˵ָκ˷֮ˡ
ǰЩйѩɫװڡں°ڴαߣ·ȥӾºÿ
ټ±䲻ɫװ󣬾һִһĸо
ߵӦĽƵƵüۣ̾СǺãֽ۵ɫҲÿ
¸Ӧ˿ڽǣýȴֻŲˮ
аյĹɿʼ±֪ǿˡ
Ȼûһǰ̫һϼݵ߽˴

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һϵĿ
ϴȥɫͬտͷڣһƶƽʮƼϵӢ䡢ϵţչֵ쾡¡
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͢ؼϣõĲ;߶ϸҪģõľǽ̽ͻİ̡
ʹλõǻƵ̣أõػ̣£˹λݣõһɫĲ;ˡ
һ仰ͬλòͬɫĲ;ߣֳݵĲ
֪ʱ򣬾Ͱզ˺þãоһԸҪԳô໨ʱֻʼҹؾǴĸо
ʳϵĺܿ죬ֻһǰϾͰššˡӵȵȡ
jϯ͵ʱˡ
Щûʲôϵλݵͣ飬ûʲô飬Ƕλɵ顣
ѾһǼȥˣʱ֪ĸⷿء
һλߵĻʹ١ϡ
ֻϵĲյϵĿһЦ̫ҽ˵ƣԲƾүףү޽ʥ念̩˲ʢ
˵꣬Ųյһڲˮ
ЦǾͳʻʹԡҲеľƱһ
ƣɲ˭ľƶȣϾô࣬Ҫÿ˾һһõȵj϶Ѿˡ
ο͢j磬Ѿȹˡ
١ϾƣܾٱǸ˻ʹӡ
ľٶȻ١ϲЦտԭΪӣֻ˼һ£û뵽Ȼһˣôϲ
֮١ϴĹŮóԼ׼ǰ̫ųʵǰĿ
١͵һϺõ⣬岻ãȻ޷ָ׼ֻѡһɫõ⣬͸
͵ֻйоأûԼ⣬ΪʲôöûȻҲ⡣
Ǻ˵һ䡰ʹˣġĻ
ˣ˵˼ʹҪú֮ĹĻǺúøж١һѡ
Դ١ϵ̬ȣڳĽʵҪһѰѵ۵ӣ͸ҪǮƵ˦١ϡ
١һֵť»ˡ
ֻǹûлʹĺãȻҲԲƾĿɿûһףֻӵһ¡
󣬿Ҳӵ˵࣬Ҫע֮ĻϾڻµء
Ȼʹ١ϵĴôһ˼Եúܸˡ
¾ֵˣĴ࣬˵ĵĻ
ֵɵʱǴĿɲһǰˡ
˼˼ȤûУֻһĵ˵ͷЦݶĸˡ
ֱۼ֤һΣۿӵĲ
ЩʧֲֳܱԿһ㲻ȫֻǿջЦ
һ֮󣬾ҪֵƽݳӦϷɽŵʱˡ
ʹֽĿ٣ϷӼϲĽĿȻﲢ¡
ڶʮһͣǸϢըʱʲôĽĿûҪ˵ϲѽѽϷȻǹ⣬ɲϲǲϲ
˵ˣڻиҪҪǾӡ
ո˵Щ˻˯۵ĳ滰ĶͶˡ


16 
һŵĽţһ߿ųƽС̫೪ϷѾʼԼר־֮·
ǴӦһĲƷȻϿϵʮƷʮƷӰƷҲʮƷʮƷӰƷ˳Ǵ´ġ
Ȼֻ˵ϿϷԵĺپˣ˵棬ǲ˼ӣҲпܵġ
»ԼҵһСԻǻգ۾Ӧ
û뵽λһҲǲϲϷǸϲԶ
Ϊ˵һЦʼĬĬĬԼϲԵĲƷ
Ӧһ߿Ϸһ۲ϵĿ⻹ʱʱķֳһ־עϵĶ
ֻųԶǿϷʱ΢΢ƲƲǡ
ĵӦƤԽԽˣֳϣҲİóԵȥ
³ԵĽĲˣҲŶһЩ
鹬ʳʵڲôѾ˺Щӵ䷹ʳǼٵġ
һ뵽ϵĻϣӦЪ˼үҪǿô죬϶ϲɡ
ڸߴԳе龰Ȼһ࣬ȻҲר־ĿųеıݣʱҲῴطתһע
ⲻƼſڱһӦϣСûרĿϷ˹ĳϯ
ȻЩԶӸ£ܿһ
ˣʱĸ˳ŲƷˣһ΢΢ָһ£˼˵ζ㳢
һأҲܸӣſӼһ·ŵ׽£ȻĴָ˼˵ζȷʵ
룺ǣλе˼ﵱɳԷĵˡ
һ߳ſϷʱҲֳһעһλԻ
һ֮󣬿һλôһӡ
룬ڼɫװλӦ鹬ɹһСɣͨգۡ
˵ʵÿס˿ɲ࣬رʶɣλСһӡ󣬴Ϊ΢Цʱü䣬ôһˡ
㿴ʳʱҪǳԵζĲƷԼرϲĶ˫ƯһۣҲü䣬䣬һܵСģ˿˻̲סЦ
ϣûмı顣
µȻ֪ϵĿʱʱ߳һۣڵעϵʳϣʱ򻹻һھ۾Ϸɡ
ˣǺΪʲôϷҲῴôԡ
ӦϷϣҲѾβп͡
Ǭ幬ˣһټһʱҪټϵʱ͸ˡ
ңɸֻһ㶫
¿ɹܲ˱ˣֻܵԼѾԱ㡣
ڼϣһ·ɫ̫ãһΪĲԴΪ鹬ľ
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峿밲´ӰɵоĶ⣬Ȼû巣ɰɵ˫۾д˶ᡣ
ΪˣӦһ䳰ȷ
ôԵ£Ҳ鹬СŷǱԼĵʱôܲٶȿ㡣
һʱ䣬һʲôк䱩
Ź˻ûΪɵ̬ȣʱһԶ£úøжһѡ
ټ־ᶨֲʮСЩ˵䱩ǻͦס
ʵֻҪ巣ûЩ˵һ£סݣԸķо仰˵ģϣ˭˭ܻأ
һգӰɴ밲ûŵʱ䣬±ڴ¿Ժļ軨ݷ
ʱŹߵСŮ⣬ż֦ŵһôԺ߹
֦ϣɫĻǶ䣬һֱˮһµȫĿ⡣
ʱһ֣һ쵽ĸо
תʰױеѩҸոտⱧż֦һȥˣ⹬
ѩصˣ԰мůͣӦþͿ쿪˰ɣվ߶ţҪȥŹۼ֦ƿأû뵽ˣٶǹġ
һҪǲɵĻ˹𡣡
£ֻΪҲЩƿ
ֵ죬԰öľˣɾͻߵСŮһЩڻƿͣ԰ĹĸŲð
뵽Լǰ²ܣ²ʵӣ֪ЩҲӦõġ
Ҫϲһūȥ԰ۼ֦ۻûطţӦȰѻƿҳ
ѩʲôʲôȻת䵹񣬿ʼѰѾĻƿ
µȲˣ緹һȥ԰һߡ
ѩɲֻΪۼ֦һʵĿġ
ѩͣĶΪͬδȥˣȥ԰һҲá
ѩֻΪձ鹬ɸ鲻ѣȥ԰ɢɢģţҲãʡԼ
ſֱۣ˸Сصǰﶼƻˣóȥǡ
ôֻԼˡ
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鹬԰еԶΪԼĽ²ûдЬѡʵƽЬ
һ·ϣߵļ죬ҲûɣֻһЩ߶СŮС̫ࡣ
԰ԽĻԽŨʱܴӹǽ⣬֦֦Ӱӣ˲Ծּӿ˽Ų
ȴԷһ԰¾͸оǽһ磬ǽǺǽߵǽⰻȻﻨĸض졣
ʱֵգ԰ڵľѿɫ࿪ţа㸡Ƣ
ѹֵı乬Ȼϲ
һʱ䣬ŵذŵӻһ׵滨¿
ѩԼԴԵĴãһãӦö䡣
µͷΪͬѩĻ
ԺӦö䡣˵ָ꣬ѩǰĺ⺣Ļʲôܿ
ٹ°ɣһ£⺣ľ͸ÿˡ
ѩֵʵ鹬ԱߵٹҲкʱҪ԰ԶҲȥ￴
µû£ʱҪֱӹǣҲ˵ˣӦö䡣
ūҲţⶫУ鹬ԶÿζҪء
Լӽÿôʱ䣬ܲ
ЦǾȨˡ
ֻȥͤ˹䣬һˮ㣬ۿѾ磬Ż鹬


17 
԰ͻ˯˻ʱʱƽš
幬ÿֻͣһڳʱʱţһپʱʱš
ȻʱʱҲ㵽ߵ㣬ŷзݼӵ㣬СӦһѾͬ衣
ҲΪʲôϱѵԭ˭ŵϾŵ˯мСʱһ㲻ʳҲӶ
ʵһղһյʳҲЩ
ѵҪͬɵͷ
ҡҡͷҲɵͷҲһԭգԬ˵Ƿ϶ðɽжд̡
Թź´߿ҳһɾİײߣʼģķ
ѩԱɻǴʲôҪūɡ
á¾ܾҴһϵʱá
ԣѩˣã
ƣòʲô
԰Ҵϵʱ԰ժһȻɹˣݲȡ΢Ц˵ԼĴ㡣
ص㶼ѾȺء
⡪ѩʱоͷ׹
ʲôʱô뷨ѵǡ
뵽ϣ԰һԲԲʱѩʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
ʱҪȥ԰һߣԭľ˼
ѩгɵǲЩ̫ã
һ߷İײһͷҲ̧ʲôõģ˲廨ƿΪʲôժݲȡ
ѩֱӱԼӵ۴ˣ˵һ
ֲ֪ôԼӣرǿһ²ԶַƲӣбȥ
ǣū澵˼ǣҪ˷ˣǲǲ̫ãʱٴˣָҵɣˡ
ʵĵġ
ԭͿӲ˳ֳۣɵİѱôӡ
һٲŹأ
µԣҪ͵͵ȥ
ֲɵôܹܵ԰һأǲϸץ
ʵҪǸĻûʲô⣬˵ȥ԰Ĺ˾Ͱɺˣɹؼó裬ֻԼȥˡ
ѩһˣԼӿģѾʲôˡ
뵽ޣᵽ԰Щŵˮݻ裬ѩһ˼ȻܲɻǲɵӦҲ
ѩͬ⣬ֽ͵⻨Ҫлǲأǰ˵һɹݲ裬ÿһĻգ˳ʳ
ġ
նȻģһƭ㲻ɣ˵ˣҷôĹ򣬲ΪĹЧģһ飬ٲһ㡣
ѩ̾˿ū澾һˣ
ͬԼƣǷȥˣҪǲȥԼҪԼ͵͵ܹȥ¿ôá
ȥĻҪһЩտŵ㡣
*
ʱĿ̣ºѩĳ鹬
ողڣĳϣй˵˹ϵعƣǲֱͣ԰
ʱ԰ھĵģ촵΢磬˽عƵĵƹ⣬ܿҵ˼λڡ
¸ѩժִһǶ䣬úȵһ衣
һһ֦ϵһǶ䣬ʹĲժӦһ֦ϲɸ䣬߰˶ģͲ˷ֶߡ
ѩĵ˵ͷʾ֪ˡ
˵˿ʼĬĶҪ̵ʱڣҪĻϾһ˲£Ҫĵ±˷֡
ҪǣǻҪʱĿ乬Կ֮ǰص鹬ҪȻǿͱ¦ˡ
*
԰һǣͥŲɢǰܹŹִǹƣְܳǰ￵·
Ȼɣ԰عƣòڡ
ã뿪˵ȥɣʱȴԱ߲ԶŮ˵
ʱͷǣй¶٣ɻǹŮר԰װż
Ͼ飬ں̫ˡ
룬־òܣ԰ɢʱģû֪ͨˣ̸й¶ء
ңǴŽ԰߶κһֵ԰ɻ߹Ů
ˣôˣ˭عϹתء
Ź͸С̫һĶȻϢոմ˵ĵطȥ
ȵ˽ǰΧƵĵƹ⣬ڿСŮһ£ˣæµزժһ
ĵǣСŮͦ󵨣ܵ԰ɻҲ±̿ץˡ
뿪ڳŻһСŮ뿪û뵽һСŮֿ˵ˡ
ֻһֻü񻱳ӰСŮ˵ӣɵĲˣǻȥɣȥūҲ㰲ġ
û뵽ԼȻ´ˣΪСŮأû뵽һӣߵĹŮɻ
ֻǸӻصͿˣҲ֦Ǿͻأİɣʱ԰
Ů˵Ҳ̫˰ɣѵˣǹ
ɤӣصĿһ˵ķ򺰵˭Ǳߡ
Ȼ䣬һһ󼦷ɹ
ֻǸӵŮӣʧĶСŮһܣˡ
˾ڿ㵵УһʼŲ·Ҫ
ʱЦˡ
ŸС̫࣬°ͣԸǡ
С̫⣬գ۵Ĺ򣬾ͱӰȥˣٶȣе㼸ֹӡ
ϾվԭصţȻֻһĹĵӰͳڡ
ֻǰλಽߵ˵ĥĥĸǰߣʱʱĶС̫࣬ĵ˵ʲô
˼ԶС̫ķ뿪
ĵزˣλûĵ뿪ء
´ʱᡣ
ժ˵һڸһ԰
ҲùժһС̫סˣ˵˵˵˶ٺûλβֻޱ顢ΪĽѩ졣
̵ģֲʲô죬˵ǰʲôˮڵǡ
һ룬µ˲ᵽɤϡ
ֻ÷¼ֺС̫˼ǰ濴ȥȻһŰصԿӰ
տʼӰӰ´µĿ˭žԽԽڿ˭ˡ
һɫĿǰܹŹ
ɵ˭֮ﲻֹᣬĶˡ
ʲô˹ĺֻ͵͵԰ժһ˸ţҪ
һʱ䣬ͷ뷨
˵һǣΪһֱӴɡ
һ뵽һ㣬·ĽŲһһ˵дܿת뷨ͲСء
ԣҴ£ժһȣɲǾС
ѩҲҪǱʱϣ϶ϲɽֻһ


18 
ĥĥӰ㿴⼸·ߵʲôʱȥ
رǰǸӣȻһֱͷܴϣĸоһֽԹ
ֹᰡֻȥˡ
ֲңΪҪˣֻ֣ŭ³ʲô³
Ҫǣѩء
ٳľ룬ߵҲʱ򣬸Ҫ˵Ϳֻ֮ô·ľ롣
ȵ˽ǰ´ѩ񣺡μϣ򸣽𰲣
Ӹ£Źڵϵˣֱʵĸģ
£
⻹ûʼҪȲˣǲǲϸ󣬾Ҫˡ
ǸǸЩµĲǺ˵
һ֪ʲô˼˵ᷣ
ѵ֪㲻˵÷Ļǻᷣ
ţһͲǸˣӦ˵еɵ
ܿ˶ۡ
վԵŹĵλǸģϽүû˵ԼĸģĵģðİȻͼɻȥ
˵λɵأǸ˵أ
֪˵ʲôˡ
Ź֮˶һģλã˵ˣһ϶ûаɡ
治֪λôں󹬻ûŪġ
˵ˡﲻסĿôһ䡣
ģ»Ȼ̧ͷеǹϲôҲڲס
޾סĶ׵СҲһ¶˳˫˫ͫˮڵƹҫ£ˮ١
ΪǷϲ˸˵⡣
һסˡ
ΪòסģΪʶ
ⲻټϣǸȫ̶ڳԶС
ûٿ϶˵һˡĻֵͷĵ走֪ںɵӡ
סˣôܻô׵ˡȥİɣһ֪ں˵ģŲϵأ
ͷˡ
֪ģϷԣ˵ˡˡ
Ҫ˵ոǾˡﲻģ֪˭֮˵ˡмˡ
ֹйأ
лˡū̸ɨСŮ뵽Լϴ·ºܿ
̸ûλֲʶô࣬ٹ죬ͽСˡ
ԣ΢΢üͷ
Ҫ֪ݣΪ˵ˣʵΪϴľ²ô΢óһĹŮĺá
΢Ц㲻鹬ǱߵСӦʲôʱ̸ֱɨСŮˡ
ֱȻֻ
Ȼ֪鹬ģȻĸģⲻǶһ٣ˣ
ںˣ˵ѻˣǲǴһʼ͹ڿӵ
ֱûˣ
ŹҲû뵽´ʹɣȻ۾ȵ󵨣ƭү۾
ֻǻ䣬ɨ˹˼˵
Źĵһӣʱˡ
ﻹмίλȷʵ˵ٻƭү˰ôүء
뵽ո̧ͷʱһľòŹʱԼ׵ʲô
׹ףҲ벻ͨĵطʲôòûôܻһӱλòԻء
ŹòΪǺˣɿˣ˶Щһ󹬵óɵòܴп̽һ
۾ȻάЩ˵ȥˣͷˡ
ȻŹ˵۾ֱӶˡ
Ͱ͵ۡۡ۾
ӦûôɣֻһСѶѣûˣ۵ɣѡ˲ס˵̸ôͳ۾ء
ôһñӿ
ѩҲǰп࣬˵ˡʱһϲ
ɵ˵̸ɨСŮʱ￩һ£֪ˡ
Ϻܹ˭ӵϷôƭǵĻ۽ء
ŵǣϾȻ֪ĸģⲻǵŻϵ˵ѣֳץ˸
⡢ѻûԲ˰
½Ͱͣŵ˵۾ֵʱЦ
ԣ۾֪𣬾һ㣬޾ͿҪԴ
ҪԴŵôһ¡
ѽؼң⹬̫Σˣ˵һ£ļҪԴĿеˡ
ŻŻĲˣֵٸһλᣬ˵ɣĸģʲôΪʲôſԿˣ԰
˵۾£ĲٱϹƭˡ
ң֪ĸģҪ˵ѣºһ϶¶ڡ
ˡ鹬Ӧ԰Ŀģֻɵһһ裬Ĳǳƭϵġ˵Ĳ㶼Ҫˡ
λʵʵĲˣˣˡ
ˣɡ
ɶ̧ͷһ˫ɫһд˲ţоԼĶˡ
ո˵ûɡ
飬һ泩ȴƵôԸ⣿Ҫټš
Ը⣬ԸæĿڵ
ɵӲŻԸأοֲɵ
˵գ··¿һ㣬Ͻٶǽһɾߺ
ֻûԤƵԼΪľЩ̫ͣȻһʱûס׵Աߵȥ
ǿģҪˤæַһѣűˤʺˡ
վȺ󣬸Ͻлллϣá
ͬʱָһ˻ıǩٸոûмȣַһѡ
ŹʱȻүôģ
ͬʱððţӦôɵˣүǰôûעôһӲʹء
˿ĿʱҲ֪ʲôˡ
ֻûһ䣺л
ֹлãȴЦŶԿϣûʲô飬檾ȸˡ
˵꣬¸˸뿪
ҪԴĻʵһ˵ʵ̫ӣ֪һ˵ĲԣͻҪоɲ̫
ԣ뿪Ƿ֮ذɡ
˵߾ߣɫһʲôʱ׼ˡ
Ź
£
ƣһ⣬ͬʱﰵп࣬ջظո˵˻ĻλƢһҲá
̫Ѳˣ
µ죬˵ͱ䰡
ȻôģȴЦϣ˵ʲôԸҪҧгˡ
ߡ
˵գҲȥµɫ̧ȴǰȥ
£λûëɣ
߰ɣӦҪϾҪԶˡվԱߵŹߴٵ
˵ʵŹҲûôһ
˵Ӧɣɿǰֲ񣬿˵ûϰɣԴӦ̬ȣִ͸ŹŹ֡
ͷԡ
޷¸ϽС첽׷ǰλү


19 
ƣ壬½ϣڹûԿǰѩص鹬ԼסĴμ䡣
˵ʵҲûŪףŹһ԰Ŀġ
ΪλүȫһֱڱһһԲ˵ͷ·һ
ֻһСͿڷˡ
ԣʺţﻹֹλүûëɡ
һժһ΢ʰһ£ˢϴ˴齡
һָűӣһ߶ڸᣵѩ˵£ǲǾҹȥˣӦòǵ鷳˰ɡ
һ뵽԰粻ɫƢôоԼ˵ôûء
Ӧò˰ɡѩ˵Ҳû
ӲӦƭϵģҲǽƢãûӵϲˣеء
£
⻹ƢãС̫׷Żʱʱɫ粻ҲƢá
ԭªţûƢõʱ򣬵ô֮ŭ
뵽ȻץסǣûдǣĻˣͳƢðɡ
뵽Сţ۾ˣҾţҲʶǣ㳶ɻȥȹһæͻ£˭뵽Ȼ֪鹬ءС̾
ǷֲзƵĴսԡ
ˣҲˣڻϸǰ¶סǺءѩο
¶ķʽЩرˡ
Ҳֻˡ
ҪȻôҲˣڿǰóĳҲˣÿǽ飬Ҳǲܹˡ
ѩȥڴϣȥ˯ţȻ˵Ųˣ׵˵Ͳˡ
Ҳ֪˼˶ãԺ˯ȥ
˯Ȼ˯ˣ˯Ĳ̤ʵƽʱεʼ˹½Ρ
һǹڿġ
Ŀû԰Ŀô˵Ŀһɷ˵۾ҪԴôĶС
ԴеĵűԴǿ϶ǲеģȻˣʼ˶صӡɲ֪ΪʲôÿΪԼĺܺãᱻҵʱ򣬿׵ҵ
Ϊ˲ͷͿʼܰܰأ׷׷Լܵĺܿ죬ۿҪ˦ˣɿͻȻͱһֻһһĴʬ
ʬٶȶ찡ܿ׷󣬶¶һҧȥ
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ǡһ֪ԼԬڱĵʱˡ


20 
ֱǬ幬ǱһֱûʲôϢصһ
ӦԴϱ֮Ҳʵ˲١
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21 
ǰ֣̫֮󣬾͸Ͻˡ
ⲻһμ䣬æ׷ʵôǰΪ£
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ԭǰʱˣҪ鹬޵ĻôҲԬڣȻ޵ľ޳Ӧе˼顣
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22 
һů󣬾ȿٵشһڵĲãԱѰҵӰ
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λãûȹ˽źأԼæŴˡ
̲ס룬ܹأǹɣע⣿
ֻǻûףѾʰ׵Ŷſںһˡ
󣬵ůŹһȺǰ˿ʼ롣
һӽĹ˶࣬ÿؼãͷص͵͵ĲҿȻԼĲ£ľͰﵹˮģŹָ¹źġ
̶ȣɼһߡ
¶ſ˸£檾ˡ
֮ǰദʱһֱɫ͵ĿʱҲԭǸ̬µĵ
˵ͷ΢һ˿ɳƵɤµȥúЪţʲôҪֻܷԸźĹŮǡ
ǡӦڿ˵仰ĺ壬Ҳû˼
վԱߵŹڿ˵仰֮ЩζĿһۡ
޺ĴӦڣࡰšһǺٻῪ˵ԴĵĻǹλݣУʱҲָ
ڿȴŸźһصӦ˵ĻɼǶӦղŵıֺ⣬Ż˵ôһ䡣
˵ɲҪС˻򵥵һ仰ֻҪ仰ź˵ĹˣͲӦϾǬ幬ĹˣɲһСӦʹĶġ
ԣ³ůŹæֵһŮȥһźӦĹŮ򲻿λ


23 
Ǭ幬ʵһμڣ÷СŮˮ΢ϴһ
Ϊ˻Լһֱ񾭣ͬλСŮ䡣
Ǭ幬Ĺˣ̬ȼã磬һӴ¶Ǭ幬ŮĹӡ
֮ǰѩԤ룬һЩӣ˵Ǭ幬ЪҪûӵĻˮȲϡ
ʵǡ෴ûӾͺ˲ˮ¼Ϊ֪ո꣬ˮŪˮԹʹá
ˣôѩ˵Ҫӿ֧ʹöǬ幬ء
ϴϣ½⿪ͷϵͷɵ˴ϡ
˵ʱѾ磬ɽһǬ幬ޣһʱЩ˯š
ʱԺУʼԼദʱں
Խ룬ԽԼʱһӳˣŻſ˵ЩӵĻ
УΪһĸ̥ʮĵڿ棬ʵǸȫȫ˾ʵ鼸Ϊ㣬еһ㿪֪ʶҲǴС˵ӰƷлȡġ
Ҫȫ̶п˾ƿأӻĲԼһ޵飬϶Ҫ
Ҫһ㣬ûǸԣֱ;˻Ļһ磬϶Ϊ󹬵Ц
ңԺĺҲøӼѣɺԬϢŪҲûǸܡ
ԣڿʹĴȣ»Ǻ뱧Ųֵģ˵ΪԼС룬˵ڵ϶ҲΪĹۡ
ѩƽһֱĹˣڵλϣҲкܴߣ۸ȥ
һ뵽Լϵı֣Ļ䣬Ъ˼
ʲôûӾ͸һȫɿǣűߡ
ֲ֣᲻޵ڶΣǸδ֪űĴȡ
ɱˣòã
һ룬¶ʱֳйƤ۾һգһɣııߴȥɣ
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һ磬μ𴲡
Ѻºܿ췴ӦǬ幬ޣʵĴμء
ϴĵķ£ºܿʰ׵Ȼ˵Ľ죬鹬
ʱδ밲ʱ¾ֱӻ˺Ժ
μڣѩΪź£µһߵԼǬ幬һҳ¡
һμ䣬ѩϽ߲ϣһϲӭˡ
ЦŻţˡ
㻹˵ܸԴӴԽѩһֱչ˵Եʣһϲˣеѩˡ
Ǭ幬ʵסٺãҲǾԼĴμã̤ʵҲġ
ȻӦǾϻѣԼĹѡ
ӳɹûУûкϲӣУǬ幬ūţûиܣ۸ѽ
˷ܵѩԼ֪͵ģȲһȫ˳
һЦˣһô⣬شĹ
Ӿһ˵֪ūһû˯ãǬ幬ūżλݵͣɫʱˮȲϡ
һѩ۾Ȼʩۣ֬ҪϸĻȦΪԡ
ײˣҰǬ幬ĿûôңӶأźСŮͰѲˮˮϴþ߶Ҹ׼ˣǽһ硣
˻һѩͲ˵ĻֻΪЩġ
˵ˣǰԼֲûȥǬ幬޹Ǳߵʲôܹܲ꣬һ¹ˣͷ˰ɡ
ѩһŵģ¾֪ôġ
óʱӣ½Ǭ幬ǸĵСŮôźѩһ顣
ʵĵǶġ
ѩֱĿɿڴоЩһ
ѵޣӺ˻ϵ⣬Ǭ幬ĹŲӡ
ֵĿɿڴˣ˿⣬˵˿⡣
ܲŵĻصӦûе°ɡ
±㽫ԼȥǬ幬飬ѩļ˵һ飬ϵ飬ûйἰˡ
ѩٴȻ
һ𾪿Լ˵ķʽǶԼ޺ıЩ
ϣ϶û˵أӿɵãͲøϽ뿪ôͲŸ϶˵˵뿪ء
㿴õĻᣬԼ˷ˣٵһޣ֪Ҫȵء
Ԭڼһ޵Ļᶼûаɡ
ԣѩĵĿʼȰ˵£ӣ´οɲʵˣ˵޺ϹҹĹأֻҪϲ뿪Ϊʲô϶˵ỰĻأֻϲܼסû϶ӡ󣬶Բԣ
£´Σʵϣ˵𣬻Уһ޵Ļ
ѩ˵ĻȻ˵ĺеദദǲλүסԼ
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Ѿˣûкҩɳԣǲ֪һޣҪȵˡ
ѩԼȥԼĻһ
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£ӦЦӯӯӭǴǬ幬ˣÿǼˡ
¿ųӦЦ治֪ǻأǲĻء
˵Ҫǻػɣ˵ĹϵʵڲôҪǲػɣ˼ЦӭԵû
˵վͻոޣͲɷĻ
ΪѰ
ԣֻõͷ䲻ȵĻصջûһᣬʱˣҪȥ밲ء
ӦԣϵãҲҪȥ밲أǽøպһߣ·Ҳһ˵˵л
µһμʶ˳ӦƤ֮񣬻ǽã˭ǽð˶ֳˣӦȻķ·֮ʲôûһ˵
˵ƤأǸ˵ûûƤء
ðɣʵһ˼
ûеͷ˵ͬ⣬Ҳû˵ͬ⣬ѩſȥ
ӦԼһģƨɣ¶˼ֲˡ
Լŵʾˣ¶̬ȴ䲻ȣܶӡ
ӻ̰ɡԱߵȰӦ
ӦƲƲ죬ô¸ոձޣҲš
ԣżŵ£ֻһЦͬʱõȵҡ
ֻһڣ½ŵµĲּӿࡣ
һʱ䣬鹬ھͳǰٵţӦں׷ϵһĻ
ȵǰԺ£һĵôǰӦӦòٱֵ˰ɡ
ϾһֱӦҪ棬ܵô˵ǰЦԡ
ϧԸΥ˵Ӧˣһֱ˳۵ͱһ£Χ
֪ԬΪʲôôܻӭˡ
׼ľǿ˭Ǿ͸˭úõĽడ
У֮ǰֵжཀྵʱηŵǽһͣ¶ǰЩӵǳ
ȻҲһ˳⣬ǾԬڡ
ԬۿΧߣһһ˵ŹϲĻ߬˫ֽֽ
ܾĶ裬ԭ޲Ŷԡ
ʱ£ǶûΧԬڸ߿һˣ壬ֳʵЩмܲס֪Ӧԡ
˵Ц԰ɣЩ˸ٶЩڣ
˵һɣ˼ЦȽȽЩ죬ǰȫˡ
һʱ䣬Ƿ˳ܱ˵ʲôĻڶһЦҪܣжܡ
ֱŹ˵ĵǿ˾ǡ
½ҪŹ˵强ͷʱԵίߵľء
Ź˿ظı飬̲סЦôһСмܲסˡ
µ˵СԹϣŽͲҪȡЦˣҲ֪ͱóӦֳ档
ŹҲǣ¹ԵӣӦֳȷʵЩΪˡ
û£Ժϰ߾ͺˡ
º˵ϰ߲ίߵĳ棬ɺ룬ϤҲС
ֳ棬ÿһ춼Ų֪ٳԺһó裬ɼίߣҪԣŹ˵ģֻСˡ
ָŹ˵лߵǽ
ɽմһʲ֦ĶӵװͷϲǶͲҡ¶ֻ
֪ǲµĴܾðɾȥЩãû˯õӡ
Ѷɡɵĵһ仰ǶվڲԶĹŮ÷˵ġ
÷һľǰ
ɫͣλϵµӦү࣬ǱǰһΣ͸ˣϣԺУúźү
΢΢һЩԼĶ䡣
ɵľٶֱȳӦǶԼʾãҪ˾ȡ
֪һССޣΪһλİɷ֮ǰ飬Ρ
¸ϽŰɸ˸лͣһ̻塣
󣬴ӹŮ÷нӹװεĺӡ
ڳĿ΢²ɵ˼ǰӦ飬һʹˡ
ڲ֪ɵʲô˼֪л׼ûģȻȥ밲ɵҲ١
֮Ҳ֪ɽ鲻õԭ򣬻ûϢãʹ֮˵䳡滰ͷ˻ȥˡ
*
밲Űɻμ䡣
ȷʵû˯ãڴϷȥľ˯ţĶӦȥǬ幬޵飬ֱҹԺ˯ȥ
ⲻһɫ;ͲǺܺãֻܶЩ֬ˮڸһ¡
ӦΣǴ˼ʾԱʵ
簲ױʱҳΣе벻װɵ˼Ͼ֮ǰӦ̬ȣʵ㲻Ϻá
ȴӦ޺ʹ¶ɡ
΢˫̧ۣԼ̫ѨʵҲûʲô˼ֻүɿģϾ֮ǰϹϵ̫ҪͻͣҪǲүϲãҪүǰҲδѰɡ
ģòóģҪֵ
Ҫڿм棬ҲһЩֻ˿ʶȤʶȤˡ
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صԺμ䣬´򿪺ӣȻһ֧
Щ찲εĴ󷽣Ȼֱһ֧˵Ǿʽӱûôӡ
ʱ۷Ź⣬֧ŷ𿴵һ㣬૿ڵҪܻӣǸжá
ӻǲҪФˣλʹΣҪӣ֪ˣ֪ôء
ԱߵѩֱӴµФ롣
֪ԼںȱӣðʹĽӵķӣʵвͨ
Сʱһ磬òһӵĺ÷ӣȻУҪĽడ
˵ʵ͵ĽȷʵųţЩӦĻţϾԭɾΪɼûġ
Ҫѽӣܽܣȼü֮۲ĲѩĻһӴûĻ롣
Ȼýӣѩֻش˯˸š
֪ǲ޹Եʣſɱպ̫ˡ
һСӣһڵ⽣ֱӳԵСԲ
źóīֽ⣬ʼϰ֡
ҲûʲôֻͿ㰮ôʱˣѩأʼʰ䣬ɨ
ֻѩȥмĲɣûµϲƵƵȥڵȴʲô˳һ㡣
¶̲ס㿴һ磬򣬳ʲôأ
ˣ˽иĵĹ涨ҪǺ˻ϵ⣬ϵڶջЩƷʱΣʱ޳Уūū澾뿴ûǰ
ԣ뵽ԼǬ幬ıֱ֣ӴѩĻ㻹ǲҪˣӦòƷˡ
ѩɻΪʲô
ЦŻصʲôΪʲôȻΪûк˻¡
ѩʱ֪˵ʲôˣûк˻⣬ԼӲģȻֳһ²ؼӣҲû˭ˡ
˵ѩڹע£鹬ҲڹŴ£ԬںͳӦֻǸѩ෴ˡ
ѩεǰʹƷεûǰ
鹬֮ЩóСӦСڣ±мĽ֮⣬ЩλɣûСӦ
˵ʵλݣƴĲֻǵ裬áλȵȡ
ֻֿͼʣżһΣͶ֮ԺСɣֱҪ̫ࡣ
ںЩ꣬ѵ
˵ˣһ͵ȵСӦ˵ʸûУûбҪ滨˼
ں󹬸Ѷ治һóСܺˡ
ͱڰɣĹɫ㣬ÿ¿޵ĴҲ٣˰˰磬ɵڲǻڳڵλţڻֵ𣬾һ۰˰磬ҲǻҪɫ
ԣûбҪᣬЩ˼סԼλãʲôҪֻҪסԼڵĵλ˭ҲԽͷȥ
鹬Ϊ˹ע£Ϊ鹬þûˣȻޣǲŹء
ȻͬԤϵһֱ磬鹬Ҳûǰ˵Ӱѩһʧ
Ľ鹬ڷԬںͳӦˡ
Ӧڽ粻ʾµ飬ԭ͹ڻڿûƷ£ɼޣر⣬ôܲء
Ҫͬסһ£̫ӦЦʾ졣
ԬأԼ޵ڣҲ磬¶˽ĵһЦݡ
ߵЦŶڿ԰ķŵˣӦޣүƬͷûɼж಻⣬ӵĴǲԶˡ
ԬڵޣȻõģɵڶյʱǰǱܻµ㶫ʾ衣
ӦأǾûôõĴˣɼүûλġ
ƵĻԬڹȻã΢̣һĨ⡣
һڽƾҲұȣүޣﻹ֪ôһء
Ԭһֱڼ鹬һˣ͵°ͷﲻǿ϶ģر϶ޣǾ·ǱŪѡʱ
뵽£ַԸƣˣЩӸ·һ⣬Ҫܸܹ˵ϻãܲܰҵͷƷ۵λϡ
ԬҪǾ·Ǳ߳˴ڻӽԼͷƷ۵λóȥ϶ᷭӡ
һϲūȥ졣
Ȼѩ˵⿵ʹͲʹɵȵûǰǰмʧ
ĵ޵ıô𣬿Ȼ˼һ¶Ը⣬˵ǸСٿ٣᲻ǵӶ
ԣһǸСٿ٣һģﰲοԼ
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գһĶԴ
֮ǰĲĳӦǣǰûжڵڶʱֻһ̬ȡ
ǱٶȣĿϵϾﻻ׵ˡ
±Ͳϲίߵĳ棬»ټǬ幬Ǳߵ׼û˿
ɵ˴˴УӵǸˣµó벻ó֮䣬һֱǾᡣ
ҪڿǰأΪ鹬λйһЩ
ǸСͷȻʵʵǿĶ˳ۣܾԴӲúûǰôܽˡ
Ĳÿϲˣ־ﲻܾøڿЦ˼·˵鹬иˣȴүûʹ
һ뵽Щ͸ץһܡ
Ȼ֪ľᣬÿ컹ǸǰһóԵĳԣ˯˯û˵һ
ѩȴ֪˵ʲôãֻԴӲú󣬷·͸һһǰ˼жأھжûûΡ
ֱ
ȵ˵գѩޣûõʵʱǰȴͻȻˡ
鹬͵Ļϴ֣̫࣬һ仰үӦǬ幬ޡ
ԣûٵľ鹬Ӧ
һʱ䣬Ϣ鹬ˣȵĲ°Ͷˡ
ΪӦ޺󣬿ûκαʾ˵Ѿû뵽˸˼ӦȻֱͻȻȥǬ幬ˣ
ңϴ޵ӣֻ죬찡
˵ʲô˵үӦϴε޵ⰡҪȻҲھô̵ʱڣӦˡ
ʱֱ˾ʧ롣
Դ֪ǰûʹƷӦ֮ǶԴ˼ҵ̬ȣЩ̫ãӦ᲻˼ˡ
һ뵽ЩǸں޽Ӱ֪Ӧ컯⼸ôͲܶ˼ء
˵ڶȵĽˡ
ϧ˵ʲôˡ
֣̫ߺһֱһ±״̬Լֱǲ˹ʺˡ
ΪôҲû뵽Ȼˣɼǵޣ˵źÿˣһֱڽ״̬ǿźࡣ
ڵ״ǣˡ
ҪʱҪԼҪ֣¾ãһᷢļʾԼ֮
*
ǰԺڣɻ˺þãڴӦǬ幬޵Ϣл
ⲻ֮Ͻߵھ˵ԺӦæȥĵطҲȥ鹬һӦȽӦǱߡ
Ȼһֱн٣ô̵ʱڣֱٴޣҪԼµ̬ˡ
ǰ鹬óԬڣҲҪü²һΣأȴڶ̶̵ļڣѾÿˡ
òת뷨ˡ
Ͻȥȥˡ
˰ɵķټ˰æߵٶӿ࣬ʱʱ򣬾Ѿʰ׵ֻǬ幬Ǳˡ
˵ҲɣǬ幬˵Ľ죬ԭӦʱģȴʱĿ̵ʱ򣬾Ѿ鹬ԭԤʱ䣬˰ʱ
δǰ¾ѾϽ쵽Ǭ幬
Ǭ幬ԭΪԼҪһʱ䣬ܼˣû뵽һǱ߾ͱǰ˵ڡ
ʱţǰķϰ˸ɫƷŹǰڲࡣ
½΢΢һ㶣û뵽ʱˣȻûš
תһ룬ˣõĲţʱʱõǶټӵ㡣
ΪλݵͣڶǹͷһĿʳˡ
ӯӯ񣺡檲μӻϣ򸣽𰲣
ŮתͣһӽĿ˹
΢΢ɨһۣɡͳһ
ֻǵ̲סִһۡ
յһۺɫװһվ˿ȥ峿̣ţΡ
̲ס࿴ۡ
˵Ҳ֪ԼΪֹķӣ˵ڴźĺðɣԼоЩ̫١
ںקò̵ĺá
ɲ֪ΪʲôּϲķӦȥֺڴڼȻȻչֳһɽ̬֮֮ݣ̲סٴο
ջĿ⣬عͷԸŹù˸°˸¡
ȻţԲɵ˵ڸ˸˸л֮ԲԶϡ
أֿʼ֮á
һʱ䣬ֻŵüʱϸСʱǱײϸ΢ʱŹ˵
ĵ£ʼ͵͵ſš
㻹˵ŵƼΪ˹ģȴִһֱûеĵƣһֱĿ֮С
׽ʱҲһ
ֻǵٴβɨһӸɫƷʱĿٵľʹӿϣתƵɫζ˵ķˡ
˵ʵŵʱ򲻵ʱһʱˣټϴױһͨæĲˡ
ҪǼôóԵҲͰˣȻôʢʳ۲Źء
Ҫ˵һӵζȣģʱӵĲͱ
һ۰Ͱ͵жٲƷһԹԹųţȴſţĺ
ϧڳûüԹ
ʱͻȻ˵һʱѵάֵİˣǽŹͼλǰ˵Ŀ⣬һתƵϡ
Ǭ幬ҸطϽȥҿ鹷ƤԼͷҲ
ոնʲôʲô
Ȼڿŵʱ򣬶ӷּĳϽ˰ɡ
תһ룬ͻȻֲҵ˵ģһʳֻ˵ӦѣֹҲֹѽ
ڲЩеûʱӭſŹǲ˼¶һΪεЦݣȻϽվΪĹ¸
檸ղǰʧǣ𷣣
û˵ÿˡΪ֪Լȷʵ˴ڿŵʱǰʧǣܿôˡ
ԣü¹ɵĹڵϣȻһʱ֪ò÷
Ҳû״ѽ
ԱߵŹһ۹ڵϵ£ֿһĪĿﾹȻܲЦ
ţҲ֪ôλ޻ûеӦ
˫ӸӦһš
ھĬһ֮󣬿ֱӲɫĶôһ˶ĿɿڴĻ
Źʱȵİ죬һոûӣĵոû˰ɣү˵ʲô˵˫ӸӦ
ʱ£Ҳһŵ̧ͷһ˫Ĵ۾Ŀſ
Ǳ·˵治ڿЦ
飬ʱȡ˿ֻŻڷ㶵Źô˫Ҳô
ǣǣˡūͰ졣ŹһæĿһ߸ÿӡ
ѽûϵôߵİ
УӦǰʧǣүȻûзȻһţôоôء
үһֻСӦľٶ
ԣµΰŹôһ


24 
ɣˡٳûֶôһ䡣
лϣдβסϲ
ŹλһҲ飬һ¶ʡˡ
ǰǰհᵽǰŹִŹ˵ϿӺһС뾬׷
µûô࣬ǰ׷һӵĸɫƷʱʳָ󶯣Ϊ˱Լֵһ棬ŵССڳİ׷żһԼĲƷ
ʱһ˫ӼһŹǣŵ
̧ͷŸŹǵĿݵСϳ˲˼飬ոտʲôȻһŹǡ
Եⲹһ㽿һ͵ӡ
ı鿴ϲŭ˵ƽĻɺһм
ŹˣֹǾȣֱǾȵ°Ͷˣոûۻ軨ɣүȻָӦвţĿ˵
¶ſһЦԭˮһۣг
ллϣ϶á
üЦͷȴǱһƬëɨһ£΢΢⣬üĵпŹǣǶˣǸСѾͷ
µСԹϣʼ鿵ΪеŹǡ
һ߳ԣһЦ䣬һССŹǣԳһҸ
ţʵּйŹǣζǺóԣţȥһҪѩҫҫָŹǳߺ
߿˵һԵʱ򣬻ĵĹ۲顣
ǵټϣǸ͵ȵСèһԵĽζء
ó𣿡ʡ
óԣ²˼Ļص
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ԣ΢䣬ƨ
Ļ䣬µһ˫ӣмֲĹС檿ɲƨأϼеĲ˾Ǻóԣ檴ûôóԵŹǡ
˵˴ּһ䡰ȻϵŹǻóء
һ仰ȻɹĶЦϵϯôܸԵء
Ϊķ̧ȥݺݵһ󣬵סˣ⶯ɲƽյķ
ֻЦŶóǾͶԵ㡣
˵գִ̧ʢŹǵ໨ٴһŹǣŵǰ
£Ҳ̫˵ɡ
Źһ飬үе㷴һСӦȻô飬ʵڲƽյ簡
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ˣǿչķΧΧչơ
Źʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
ӦǲԼ˰үҪӣҪĽ࣡
¿ɲ֪Ź뷨ֻÿԵóԣƷܶвҪ˵Թˣһ㲻ǺܺãǾز̫̫࣬٣ԵĲǺܹ񫡣
Ȼ뷨ҲֻԼһˣǲڿǰ˵ġ
Ա㣬³ԵСԲΪԵʣ֪ĸһһ㡣
űϣŹָŹ˳ȴԱſ衣
ڹôã˵裬ǳ²ҲûУֻȥ밲ʱ򣬲Żôڲˮ
ԣôõƷᣬȻ
ѧſģҲʼƷϵζ
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¶ʱʣӣС죬³һ䡰̣ζ𣬴㡣
ûԹ⣬ۻû
ɵİɡԥָ
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ԣѿڶϾͲܸӡ
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վԱߵŹΪһ亹أĵӦԻ·ôһ˭үǰСү˵λɵãʱ͵رĳһ䣬ܰŸ
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ʱſƵ԰ɢʳԵ̫Ҫܽ˶ǲǡ
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ͳҹɫ
ԣ¶ʱ֮ܳС
ǰֹſǸСٿأת˼ҾԼѡʹƷˣǲʲôˡ
ͣ½ŲŲٵˮؿٴοȷϵϴ˻棬ĿԼѡʹ͵Ķ
ͷǷݾϲôҲڲס
Ҳͣ½ŲתͷΪϲ˫ͫˮʶĵ˵ͷȻ档
ﲻһ䣬ֻҪ̫֣Ըġ
˭һ˫ԡˮ˫̲ܾء
Ļ䣬ֱǰһקס䣬һϲǻܲʹһЩӣ
׿սɱҪûʲô治֪Ӹôǰ˴͵Ӷòɡ
ӣֱס
ôҲ벻ҪλݣҪΣҪ޳УȻӡ
Źÿʹӵʱ򣬽һģûԼԼ
ոʲôӦȻүʹ͸׵Ĳ׵ӣȻֵ˵ˡ
Դû㶺ɡ
ʱӦӦóүɿڣãүλôҪء
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קС֣ҡ°ڣǰûӻˣҪʹ檶һЩ÷ء
֪ʹ͵ĶûҪֱӵĻͲһˣóȥ
ͷһҡԼ°ڵС֣ݸһЦԭӶôҪ
æĵ˵ԼСԹϣ԰԰Իӣõġ
ҪӺλ֮ѡѡأλءǺЦһЦĽ绨С
˻һһɿקֻСצǸΪֻСסԼС죬һŵĿſ
Ǳ·˵ĪڿЦ
ı鶺ЦˣЦô֪ôѡˣ
ǸǸ֮£ЩͰ͵״ΣҸҸ̫ͻȻһʱһʱ֪ôѡ
ȷʵĻˣҪûлĻոտ˵Ҫλء
ԣλݺ֮ѡ
ŹǳԾŴͣү˵ʲô˵ӦλݣӦҲ͸ոΰɡ
Ҳԣڶλûء
Ȼ˵ԭô˵ģӦֻҪɵһѡλݡΪӿУλݵĻɲһĺûᣬӦԲܴ
롣Цתּǰš
ŹļĵʲôѡģȻѡλݰ
µͷĸڿһᣬҲ֪ԼӦѡλݣޱȵȱӡ
ҪǿֱӸѡҲͰˣȴԼѡҪô졣
ţԴһײһǽϣԭ̫棬ǰѾͣ£ֱ֪ײĺˡ
ôûתͷһžС̲סٴʵ
治֪һĿȻ飬ʲôþģɵɵ
СӲѡأҪô죿Ͱ͵ĿֻСֲԾקס䡣

ˣɵɵ˼ҲҪһҪˣɵɵİ˵ˡ
ѵ֪̰ĵı֣ϲֱӴˮһ
ˮ񣬿Ͱ͵קСȻһ˲˵㱻ǾСӲѡ⣬ҪĻ㶺Цˡ
ǣ̰˰̲סֻ̧ûбקס֣µǡ
˿ûģõıӣ¾֪»ء
Ҳ֪Լ̰˰С죬ϴżͷ
СҪϰѡɣĻ檾Ͳˡ
ãԼѡȴֻصѡˡ
ɣһ٣ɤӣżӵɡ
һţקſСֽ˽
˽ţȴݸһЦ޽ıְɡ
£ʲôѡ񣬿֣ʲôְ
˼֮һգ֪Լѡء
ںˣȻ˵ʲôı֣ҪǱֵĲãûѡˡ
Ǹڰ׵İʯͷԼĽѽȻ̫̰ĵˣ³ôá
ſСģ΢䣬ĵǸһССĽѵ´οô̰Ĳ̰ġ
ŹӦֽǻãүǰˣСںˣŪʲôҲûš
Թ˭أ


25 
صǬ幬ů󣬿ǰ˵ķ£ԡٴγʱѾһӻɫ¡
ϴϣûǱȥֻͷָܷܷʹĽ
ָĲϽ£Ťһˣ֪
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ԡ
ֻһô𣿡
˻һ¶ʱˡ
Ϊʮ굥ʵ̫ˣ֪нգôͲλ˧С磬ʡڿһûûꡣ
һ뵽Լλݣ뵽ԼӣµĶڵѪ
ǸûڰʱԴһǳˣŻҪûǸ꣬ʲô
ǸǸ檰磬ԣ檸硣
ĬƬ̣ںСôһ䡣
˵꣬Ҳȿͷͬ⣬ԼѾһ˫Сִļͷʼ󰴰֮á
ûгֹš
˵ʵʵڲû߹Ůĺء
һżͷһһԼ裬ţԺƤôˣҪѧƤһ㡣
˵˷ֵľƾòôȡںסŰɡ
빬ˣһİĦһİʵ
ˡ
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ͺӣΪǶʮһ빬ֻ޹һξͱ֮ԺСӦأû뵽ȴһ빬ġ
ԴѾָ״̬ʵ⣬Ҳͷ˲٣һʧִЦĿǵǰϧֻ޹Σͱϸˣʱ檿˺þá
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ЦôԹްˡ
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ǵͷЦֻһ䣬һ죬㽫Сһᱧ
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𣬱𣬱檲ûϿˡ»æС֣ס˿졣
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΢һδź
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˵һο̰ģɴʲôҲˡ
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ʱѾ̫˵Сһˣһæһȵӭڹ̫ǰ˺ýõϷ롣
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ô¶һǾǱУԼУԣԺлˣԼ׬Ӳ
ֻҪ׬ӱȳҪһЩ˵ǺܼѡټѣԺֻҪлᣬһԡ
ΪӣԺ󲻵óˣҲ̫ѡ
óм֧ԮǮҲȥûۣû˹ܣȥˣĿܶûС
һ룬¾ԼֳһС


26 
ּ̫뿪󣬰תЦӯӯסС֡
һȵı飺ϲýڣ鹬ǺþûϲˣɶõĹ͡
˵գµ棬ֱӽվԵȥ鹬ʲô£Ƚ쳣Ǳߡ
⻹꣬û¿˵أС£ЦļԺǱʲôȱģֻܹ˵һǣеģԲίá
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к˵ЩʵʵڴŰ̬ȵת֮졣
ȻҲ֪ΪλǸոڹ̫ǰֳĺý裬ⷬºʹȵ̬ȣĿԡ
ҲڿӡҲ뻺ǰʱ佩ӲĹϵ˵ʲôĿģֻûװˡ
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ʱҪȵס϶Ҫʧ̬ˡ
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֪ԼΪʲôһ̷үѾǰˣҲ˵үѾûԼӵˡ
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֪ԼûɣɸոϸǰαװĶ󷽣ʹжݡ
رŷ֬СΪҹӵĹޱˣžܣȴҪװһͻݵĸģһơ
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֪ɵĲǾ鹬һֱûһ磬Ӧ˵˵ˣҲûС
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ΪŮΪɲģһ۾׵飬ԼӾΪǵ㲻þӲĲΪ
˿ģǾʹȥŷǱʳ϶չһϣٸͨЩҩţϳԡ
׵Щɱǻ˵Щ滰Ҫĺͷˡ
û취ΪС磬ھС磬ô϶С
ūͽȥ
ʵԵľٶǸˣҲûⷬࡣ
뵽һ£ˣ쳣λݣûŲط
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£ΪǰԺڻţҪ뱧쳣ڵС磬Ҫ˼ҺãʾԲԡ
ãֱӾܾ顣
סںԺɣǳԣסģȹЩӣ̬ȣб˵ɣҪǶԱɱϹϾģ˵пܣҪǻ֮ǰôŶҪѹһѹƢʡѱɷ
Ǽǵãһֱߵĺܽͳһ㣬ںԺĴμŰɡ
ǣǾӵġ鶼ͬ⣬ù˵飬ҲͲ˵ˡ
ϾΪȰοɣ˵̫쳣ڵĻҪ˵飬ŪûԼӵ淴
˵ģѹһѹ쳣ڵԣǺбҪġ


27 
´ѩƽصμ䣬ʹ͵һӦƷŵϡ
ո˲һϲ̫±˵ֻԼˣҲϵϲ⣬Ц۾ֻʣһˡ
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˸ôãæǰæźΪɬû͹ʲôء
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֪ӵڿտҲҪǸǰʮԼӵȫҵ
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½ڣ˵Īƽˡ
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¼ǲӣֱӽһһǻ
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ӦµĻ˵Ӷмŭλͣ뷢Ҳҡ
󣬿˸Լһţջתˡ
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28 
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ʳһһڵϣµ۾ЩԼģһڼһϲӣһ㡣
Ȼֻˣм㣬ģĻʳ
µʱĵһͷǣƽǲźУѰɵʳˡ
ƽʱһز˵Ĵֱһϣһ°
ûôˣƽ
ƽЦ˵ģ⻹Ūˣūˣȷʵӽյţ˵ǰǱ߷ԸģŹ»˵ԺʲôϲԵģֻܷԸǡ
¶ʱˡ
ɷԸģ뵽հɵ˵ЩʱֻΪ˵ǳ滰û뵽˼ҾȻġ
ѵ˰ɡ
ܰͻݣװͻݣʵʵڵ˺ôġ
ϵʳʳָ󶯣ʼš
㻹˵ŷŪ˵ʱʳζ㲻ŨۻеԣóԵĲˡ
ţҲпҪŵ˵Եʡ
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ڹ£μ˿ʼʽϯ
ϯΪλݣλЩ仯ûиӦӦһǱ쵽˳һϡ
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˵ɣʱҲڱ˿˵΢Цһ£һС
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˵ʵǬ幬磬»ǸϲμֵϯûпڣԵܸЩ
δʱ࣬ϯɴǸк֮󣬱鹬ʮ磬Բ


29 
ʮ󣬾ӭһ꣬һ¾졣
轵ɲɵģ²ˡ
ȣͷǣɰѩŻˣϽλ֪
֢״Ǹǰǳزǰ֢״һѩˣֲǰֳ
һ˵̫ҽԺ̫ҽһ˵·µͷƳͬʱﰵһû
ŸΣ˳λݣүǰ¶ʱأλȴͻȻˣûʲô
ǰ˵²֮үﻹǵúﰡ
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μڣѩŰõҩڴͷСϣȻתٴϵ·
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Ϊԭˮ촽ҲúѪɫСǲ԰ûһ˿
ӦǾ仰ɽȥ˿
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չӣء
ѩ˵ͷһɵЦѽٺ̫ҽҩӦþܺˡ
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ԣһ㶣ܿͷӦһȻޣⲻǺʲô˵ġ
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ֻ죬һգ۵Ĺ򣬾͵˿Զֻүǰ鹬ԬϽӼ٣үˡ
˵գԬڲԶĵطͿʼ
ԬھȻʱˣոϻЦģİɣƵĿԬڡ
񣬷·Ҫ
Ǹòһ鹬û뵽ԬھȲĳˣǰǿ
ԭΪǸʵģû뵽ȴǸؼģǰôûء
ҲǣԬڽүһҲû鹬ô֪ԬڵĿ
֪һģ֪ү鹬λӦڴʱһ㡣
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ɡ
лϣԬڵû˸ոյļȣȻĴСŮҵĽεΡ
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ﰵһԬǸӣʱ򣬻˹
Դɫ糣Ϊ
ڵ˼ֻ뿴һҪˣʹǬ幬ڰɺԬڵü۹˾ûϡ


30 
ڰſܽԬϣע⵽Լʱȴֱӿڵ˴Ź˻ȥɣȥ쳣ڡ
һڳĺö㵱
ŹȴĵȻˣ˵үԵ޹鹬ɣû뵽Ȼ²һ쳣ڵġ
ɺͺԬˣҪ˵ǻж໶ϲжྪȡ
ϵı飬ûüջأ˳
ɵˣͻ࣬ܿʹӿĻﷴӦ
ֻǿЦЦԿүһȥðɣԴֻù˺źţҲû۹ȥһõˡ
ȻЦŵģͷȴܼˣôҲû뵽һ鹬ΪרһСڵġ
ܽܵˣ
һʱ䣬һɺ⣬ﰵǸӣŲأſ
Ҳ֪׸ʲôԻ
ЩȴֳܱΪܸһҪͻݵĸŹȥ
ԬҲǺ޵еҧгˣðŭɵ³ÿٴע⵽
ڿȴ˵ϵģνܵˡ
ֱٴЦǸɵһ˼鹬ûϵţأվڸǰˣϵһ񣬶ûõء
Ǵʲô
ܣҲЦӯӯĿڵҲ£Ҳøүȥһðɡ
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ӣ˵ү쳣ںͳӦ˼ںԺ᲻ﲻˣң쳣ֻһŮźһү᲻ᡭĵ˵
ȻԬͬΪڣµĴȴôãںԺҲͰˣߵĹ˶ղ룬ڿȴͻȻ鹬ҪǱ֣ûаذ£᲻᲻ء
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ױ̨ĲԶһŷģӦֻǴʱȴֽī⣬ʱὫʹá
·Ӻ磬ɫӦҲǾ
˯ЩԺԼԼ˵Ŵμķű˴򿪣ֻΪȥŷҩѩˡ
۾һÿϵᣣһ߿ʵѩҩ𣿡
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Ӧӭôȥˡ


31 
ʱڵ£ǼԼոͷɢͷģȥһ顣
ղŵɵӣһҲˡ
ָôЦء
ʱ򣬿ЦԭôԸްȻˣ޾ͻȥˡ
˵գתҪſȥ
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ⲻЬŽűſȥˣȻһѴӺ󱳽ס
⧲£Ӻסе¡
ǰԸأôǲ̫˵㡣
ʱԴĺϣ˲ϲҪߡ
Цո㲻ǲԸ𣿡
󿴲ĵطƲƲ죬Ȼ͵У檣檸˻أôܲԸϣֻŮΪüݣڵͷ棬»檳󣬲Ż᣺ġ
һ뵽ԼҪݣԿ¾ˣԼͷмûϴˡ
еңҺýû͵ˢϴˣҪȻ붼Ҫ
ĵȻˣһ¾ɡ
ס˫С֣ת
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¿ſǴЦ³ڵĻȥһĿˮȻ˵һ䣬˵ȫҲųء
һ뵽վԼǰǿˣֻܸԼ̣̣ǹԼġ
ĹĵĹŷŭԵģЩЦ
Ϊʲôı飬ôʻأ԰Լסʱ˫ת鶯ӣʱ⣬ԾԾԵĿ⡣
иո˯Ѻ󣬵һۿʱıͷӦȻΪԼΣգȵģ֮Ȼ᣺󣬲ˡ
أĹĵùСҷҪ֪Ѿ˵Ƥģ
ôôЦ
뵽˴̲סĹĵķЦָл
ϣô̲סء
ˡ½ĵһۡ
˵գתȥ齵λȥ
̫Ҫˣ˵ģ浱ǲأô󣬾ô
ңϴһûЬŶذˡ
վԭֱЦСƢҶ
ȻûоĶܺЦ
»ص齣ԼСţǱ߿ʼװģڷйһ¡
Ŀ⣬ȻƵ˷ֽīϡ
΢΢Щ¾Ȼʶ֣дһֽٵһ顣

һδʫд˺ö֣ȱ첲ȣǸǿбģ
һСǿ֮⣬Ȼ֪˵ʲôˣѧдֵʱǲһֱ˯Żд
̲ס˵˭̵ģôô֣ѧֵʱ򣬲˯˰ɡ
̧ͷÿֽ
˵ֵȻʦ̵ģ뵽ЩְʱддȷʵԣǷֺͼֵ
˿̣˼תļ죬ҸɺŪȥ
µĻصüûʣЩֶôдˣ檾㻮ʣĳһ£Լϵþͺá
Ҳ㻮ʣĳġ
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û鿴ӣʵ̫ѰˣøˣôܴʿҪ鿴Ļء
һ㲻Լ˰
ֻһһǴЦĶҪͦࡣ
еƹˤļˣȻȻûΪԼڵǰеȡ
Ҳǣĳͱ˵ʲôˣܲܰ۾ڳɡ
ԣһ̹Ȼƻ˵ģֻǼѣҪˣ˵᲻ã
Ǳ飬Ͳָſıӣ˵Сˡ
˽ǰ˴شȴǣ֮ԼţȴվţҲôˣźĶûС
ǰȴ˶㡣
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Ц޿С˵أӡ
ǻûǰ²ӣղŸոպһ㣬ϾˣϧһµĻᶼûˡ
˵꣬¶һԼϧı顣
ʱֱСģЦˡ
ĵĻʲôҵ˵Ҳ
˵Ҳ֣ԭЩ治ĻͿŵıһȾûΪװģӣЦˡ
û̲ס˵
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º˵ŮݲѽҲֻܱɫݳˡ
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ոŷҩѩʳдҴԺߡ
ҲǸոŷϲ˵鹬רӵġ
ǾȣֹסĻϲϾȻˣž˸ˡ
ҴҸϵԺǰȻǰվڵǰ̫ࡣ
ǰ̫˵һ쳣ߵĹŮ˱ȥˡ
ȵ˴μſڣѩڼǰܹŹ
ܹܣū쳣ߵĴŮҼɻãѩʳУŹʩһȻСʵ
˵ʵѩλǰһ˵Щ𣬿ֲܲʣźĹ˶ûУҲ֪ϸԼôˡ
ŹƤһۣŰɡ
òõģҲ֪
ǻ洫һµòĻӦүͻȻ֣ŵ쳣ˡ
û˵ү쳣ദǢҪȻҲһûˡ
ǡѩֻӦ
ôܹܵģûڽȥŻϺദ
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ֹƬ̣Ź쳣ߣԼźţ
ôˣҲͳһŮϽȥһˣ˶ûɼֻ쳣һˡ
ѩ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ŹͻȻʵߣū澣һƽС̫ࡣ
ֵŹ΢㶣ĵ쳣ڹλˣںԺһӦ߸ֻźҲ֪λʲôء
ǴӦλݣҲ쳣ߵĹ˶ɡ
ЩܣҲʣԣ֮üվã˵ˡ


32 
μڣҪȥˣμſڣһ˫ᡣ
ȥɣúȲˣܼˡԶ˵
촽ɵĵ˵ԼСԹϣչһЦϷģһúȡռϡ
˵꣬գգ۾
ü䣬ƤСģЦ޵š
΢ǣܿá
˵꣬תſȥһֱվڴμſڵŹæĲ
ϴμڣӦ͸΢ŷ죬űμſڣĸ𣬼ʵ۾ˡ
رǿԹʱǷǵı֣ʵķ
ƾʲôƾʲôͷɢͷ۹ĹӣˣΪʲôϴȴƫƫӵϣᡣ
мֲʣ˿һͬ빬СӦȴѾ˳ڣ˻
أʲôûС
߿һ۶ϴμ䡣
ò£֪ĳӦŷ͵ߵ
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˵ǼٵģֻǿոҪһ㣬ڿһߣҪŷˡ
ѩһߴʳУ氾õҩ˳һЦŻػū澵Ȼˡ
ҲҲˣϵֱ̫شˣ˵ԼӣЩ޹Σͱ֮Ժɲһ
Ӹղڷ䣬ദĻðɡ
ոſڣϸԼǵӣӦòˡ
²ǺеҾãӦûðɣϵӣ黹
Ҳ֪ʲôкãʲôвãȫϴЦӦûʲô⡣
˵ˣΪʵۣҪûбҪϷֱӱֳһϲģҲܰôǰɡ
ԣӦûôһģǰɡ
һһ㣬ְͷԼ͵ȥˡ
ѩĵСģеЦе㵣ģһӣӾ͸˳Ҳ֪Ǻǻ
µó裬½ĶŵϣһԺʧ裬Ҳ֪ζȹպʱ⡣
Ҫ֪ĵģһˣǸˣҪ˵Ķ˩ڿϣǲܵġ
ǸԼһЩ
ӣҩɣҪȻҩˡѩҩ룬˴齱ߣߴµ
ǻȵҩΪ˺һᣬڵ¶ȸոպãҪһЩҪŷȹܺȡ
á
Ϊոκҩȵ൱ˬ죬ҩȳһζ
Ͽ˵ˣˣͿΪԺɵüˣ
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µľͷӦúܿͻȬҪ԰˵ģȴ顣
޿쳣סĵطС谵ܲ㿴ǲǸøطסУΪڣźĹǲ̫ˣΪλ鹬ĹЩְΧڵ飬Ҫ޶˵ɡ
˵ʵ⼸仰˵ЩأֱףܴͲָŰɵıӣ˵λĲϸˡ
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ңֱӵ˵ϡ
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ʱİɣάϵЦݣԼڿǰʧ̬
檵үŲˣýں檾ŸĵĹ͹ȥҲһֱæء
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ܺãȻѾ׵ǾͰ˵İɡ
ĿļȻѾﵽҲûҪټ˵ػô˵ɶһλʱ򣬻Ҫġ
Ҫ˵ԺҪ鹬ȥҪ˰ɣ˽¸ϴСЬĻҲ֪
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ԣأǻȥ˵
˵ţһƽźɵļˣЩ棬Ҳ֪û˵ߡ
Ҫ⻰˴˳ȥ֪ģΪԼӶүء
ѣðѹոտڲԣֻΪĺˡ
Ĳ£Ļȥһ뾫İɣڻصĴμ䡣
ϣյˮ΢һ
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֪ҲûãֻܾѿãԺлᣬڿǰһ
ֱĸо̫ˡ
֪ҲţţڶԴʱҪЦԣúõ
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˵꣬תԸ飬Ҫ죬ҲˣʹĹˣȥԺһˣڻ޵飬Ҳһһȥ
ǣūȥ졣Ӧ
ʵȰɣɰɵʱֻѹһѹ쳣ڵӣŪֲʰľ档
룬ɵҪǰ˵ˣڲʲôûУ˵ڿǰӡ
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֪ɽʲôɫ΢䣬ϴżԥ
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ɵĽͣҲǣûٳԷԡ
쳣ڵѡϣȴҪúĥĥˡ


33 
ڸˣʰǰԺʱȥ鹬һСڵ飬ܿں󹬸ˡ
˵࣬ǿȥеĹť»ϣȻ˳ȥ鹬¡
ĳЩ£ȥһСڣǾͲˡ
رһֻεСڡ
һԭǰڲмһ˵ɣڴֳЩĿ⣬鹬ﲻ۵Сˡ
˴һȦµӺͼ֪ò㲢ɫʱ΢һ
ӲʣʣǺģүϲһλݣҲ㶥ˡ
ⲻ֪ôõļͷҲֻһλ͵ͷˣλı£ܷȥɡ
ԣϵɣҲڽӵϢ΢עһ¡
ϢͨߣΪɵЩҲ֪˸š
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ţɲŰ
һӦںԺС߻ֻһŮźӣĻûĴӦء
ֱûңֻиң
ԣһЩɵɣֱûˡ
У˵ʹɣЩ飬ôסҲаɰɲûסÿ֪ˡ
⻹꣬ɲûвȴʩȻÿ˵ϣͲôˡ
֪ݺݵĳЦһɣΪľɺͶɣֱһ鹬
ʲôأȻȰ˵ɵġ
ⲻһڲˮ²յ󣬱̲סȰ˵ɵɽ㣬˵ҹҪи쳣ڣôүϲӣҿ϶˺óԺúȵźţǶ೤鰡ôô벻ء
Ϊ˸ԼĻϣ¶һ޷ı
ӻɲôţԣκ;ɽһ鹬ȰȰ㣬ʱ򣬿治µʱûЦ
˵ʵΪϾ֣ǹ鹬ҲǱ˿ЦĿģ˭ðһֱڼء
ԣյ˫ֽ֣˽
ʱ򣬸ոձŪ˸ûҲЦˣƫǵ⡣
ֻЦŻػλǲʲô쳣үӣҸ˻أô벻ء
˵˴װʵæŸ쳣ѡõĹأȥмֲ⣬ųٳûɹ˸ţȱģүܲʲô˶ɡ
УǰԺʰˣ͵쳣ڲãȥסˣʵԭ֮ٸģɼƻϲϱ仯ֻھ͸ˣҪȻ󹬵λã֪ôء
ɸ˵ЩĵľǾɶ˲֪˵ЩҪȻ֪ôЦء
ɴ˻һɶɶ໥һۣȻЩŰɸո˵Ļ
ڿ鹬ɵЩԻȷʵҲֻ֪һ֪⣬Ҫȫ֪ĻɾͲǸոǷ᲻صĻˡ
ɰɵֱַⷬ治ľ棬ľǼ٣ܾžˡ
ֶյһڲˮ΢һ¸ղŵΡ
ЦŵɽҪÿǿ̫ˣĴԣûΪ쳣ʲôųٳûиŹء
ȻǺõģûǾãʧ׵ȻⷬģӦųȥҲúλ˽㡣
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˵ֽ꣬ѡɻ㱨һ顣
Ǻãھʹȥ쳣
һӶٵȥˣȥﻹ֪ʲôĻء
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ȻЦŵģȴ̲סװɵء
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ֻóסĵطЩС泣㽫ǰԺеʰ˳ֻ˼Ҿߣÿˣ͹ȥѾ»ʲôҪģֻܿڱǣʱ򣬵ȶȫˣҲհȥס
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УԼԺҲÿڴμ䣬䣬Ҳûв۵˹ţźš
ӣ̡
һ˲䣬ѾʼţԼպˡ


34 
ݵλϣվǰ˵ǽһԼɡ
˻࿴ۣվһԲ۵ĹŮ׵¸˸ڵӣū֮ҡ
ţڶŮ¸˸ӣūޡ
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ǽС˳ûɡ
Ժд֣ǿȷһ顣
С˳ظһ֣ˣǸ˵ǵģûнд
кܶϲֿЦȻһֱֵĲ⣬ʵԼֿЦ
ΪǵЦ˶Ķ⡣
αѡ쳣ڵĹˣֱ˻ˡ
쳣λݲߣֻһƽ̫æ֮ôҲˡ
ҪһǣԺҲӵˣЩ۸ˣôҲҪ
µ˵ͷָָ֮ҺǵԺ͸ߵѩ£Ըʲôʲôˡ
ǡ֮ҺæӦ
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תͷѩԺѵģʲôƣԸȥǣʱҲ졣
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µ仰ǵ춨ѩǰĵλ֮ҡ޺С˳ģȫȻеѣֻ£˵
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ʵԼȥһ۵ģ룬˰ɣٹõĲˣȥɡ
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硢С̤ЩɢɢȱţЩȫԵȰȥ֮Ҳ١
ѩָ½һĿг˶԰
Сƾɣһ䷿ǿ㲻ϵĴμ䣬ȻҪ̫ˡ
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ⲻѩĥīȻִëʣѩȱٵһһдֽϣһ԰жҪ롣
ʱ򣬿˵Ѿ»ʲôȱĶֻܿڣֻŰɵĻѣ˭Ǹʵء
뵽ůϴŲ齣֣صֽдһš
ʲôľϣЩûдðԼŸҲҪЩҾװɡ
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΢΢һ㶣ֶõ
˵౦䱦;һģղءָոӵˣҪֶʲôð
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35 
߹̫࣬·ԸƽС˳װĺļ̌μ䡣
֮ҺһϲоԼӡ
ӣʹͣ˵ʹ͵ֻһЩ鼮Ҳп϶Լӵӡ
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Ϊֹ֪ʹ͸µʲôƷֻ֪С̧̫һȥ˺Ժ̫û
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룺˵ܲ٣ܲٵҪȥ쳣ڵϢأ쳣ھ˴Ůǰ
ɡ
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36 
Կ鹬һ˺󣬰Ǹ쳣͹ˣǻ޵ģֳô󶯾鹬벻֪ѡ
һʼϢҲֻ鹬ڴһûãܿʹ˸
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رǿŹ˽һһĺöŵ갲ɶҲûôùʱĻ𣬸ˡ
ߵȰӷſЩԽߣˤԽݣү쳣ǹʾȥŰɣ԰ᣬ֪ôʰء
Ҫ˵鹬쳣˳۵ˣɾһҪǺ쳣ڱޣڵĴ֪Ǹʲôء
ԣʲôֻ쳣ڴӸߴˤɡ
ϧԬȴ룬֮ĹڲСһ˼һûʧʱ򣬾Ͷѣһмܵס
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Ҫǣµĳ֣·ֻҪ»һ죬Ͳע⵽һûǰûй顣
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֮˺úöǱߡԬڿڷԸ
Щɣ⡢ðɣһˡ
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ͳЩ飬صԼź򣬼ֱ쿪ҲΪʲôܾ˸ɴԭ


37 
ҩѩʳлصԺμ䡣
ڽյ֮££Լ¡
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ÿֻѩŷҩʱԱһվһĿѩæ
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ʵʱ룬Ҳͦõģ徻һЩֻղܳãûоԼ֮ǰվҪⳡû̵սȥ


38 
԰ֹ֮˯ӣʱ룬Ҫ˯ͺˡ
ϧãʵܹǸУ峿ոڱ˯Եɵɵͱѩ֮˸
ԼӲú󣬵һθ밲ӣȻȥˡ
͵ô磬е㲻ϰߣȫϴ磬Ժнеġ
ǴʱҲѩ̧첲̧첲첲첲ģҲû˭ˡ
ӣѩҲǺΣǴʲôʱʼء
Ҫ֪룬һᷴˣǰΪû˼ʲôѩһ˸æǰæһˣզء
ھͲһˣ˶࣬һ㣬ӦҲûʲôϵɡ
άԺ״ֱ̬߳ſڣ峿һ˹
ҲаһӲҪء
лʱ˵ڰɶչˣ鹬ļλɣѾĺüˣͲָ˵̫ƫˡ
һ֣⼸λɣѽ
ⲻһӵ£ǸԼأֻǳϵǣͳӦæ
ͬʱЦһƵϲǨ֮ϲ֪ʲôʱھƣҲǹȥֱϲƺȣ
£棬ôе㲻һء
˵õء
Уʲôھƣֱϲƺȣˣô֪أ
̫ˣҪʲôƣֻǴӺԺᵽǰԺ˸طסѣһͷʵûбҪ˴µģû˵л˵ƻ˰ɣõ⣬ˡ
ЦӯӯֱӾܾ顣
ǷǶ࣬һ²һ£˵ģֻǴӺԺᵽǰԺ
Ҫ˵һİھƵĻʱ˵лģ˵ģ϶кܶ࣬ЩЦúƣͷ֪ôء
ԣܵ͵㣬ǵ͵ĺãϾҲֻǸСڣԽߣˤԽҵĵǱ˭
˵ãЩ˱Ҳ˼
´˻һһĨʧ֮ɫ
Ц̫ܵΪˣȻû뵽һ㣬ھҲãȽ˵ʱٰھҲ١
£ЩΪԶˣǰڻϿࡣ
ЦǫҲ̫Զˣ˵飬ҿɲ룬ڣѾĶˣﻹФЩ
øЩɣƵ˵ۣԼ˯Щϲڿӣ˭ܵ˰
㿴һۣҿһۡ
Ϊ쳣˵ĻϿأû뵽λеβ
ӦȻЦŵģȴЦһ
ͱҲ̫뵱ȻˣͬסµĽãֱ˦ӣȥʽ飬ʲôء
Źڵĵ΢һֳΡ
Ź˵ûھϯ͵治ھϯˡ
˵İھϯʵǸŷҪϯ棬鹬ɣ֡
ȴϲ֣ûʲô˴һ飬ǲ֣ܡ
Ҫ˵ڵһСڣǵ͵һĺãһĸɵЦһ˵ܶΪſء
ЦŻŹ˵Ҷû磬Ҳûھϯûڱ˵Ҹ˳ڣſˡ
˵Ź˵˵ͷͬ
㿼ǵĶԣʱ򣬻ǵ͵ĵĺá
˵ŻֿһվµЩɣСѽҲĺϲġ
˼
˵лĹ򣬰ߵǽ
һ߲Ԭôûһ߸ɽ
˸ڱϵİɼ֮󣬱ڸԵλá
Դ˳֮һֱԬڵĶ棬ΪԬû밲ͱ쵽ԬڵλˣӦԭλá
һ龰±֪ԬѾˣҪȻ߲˰ţǲ֪Ԭʲôɸļ١
Ҳ֪ǲĶˣúһθ밲Ԭȴڴʱ٣ǲΪ뿴ѽ
ڱϣŰŵ£΢΢Щ
Ϊ㲣ɽһʵǡ෴²ûб㲣úţ˻ݹˡ
ңҪϸĻԭͽϳ˱ȽϰļȻ͸ˮĹ󣬸һ֮С
ǰҲףȴһֲĲ԰ףڵ״̬Բǡ
֬ˮ͸˵ľڵ¡
ɶʱЩˣԾ̧Լգ̾һðԽԽˡ
ɵٶڳļλһһ㶵ġ
ôһ£ôҲ˵Ϳ쳣ڷԼľٶҲ̫ˡ
ڰɺܿͷӦˣԼյ֣΢΢һЦ쳣ڵɾ;Լˡ
ûͷûԵһ仰ڳɣ˲˵ʲô˼ˡ
ʵǸһŽΣԽԽˮСҲʣҲĽʲô취ֲܰ˼ҵͷԼͷϡ
ܵõϲҲˣҪȻԭӣôܵó衣
ûϵԼúһ밲ɵһ仰˵ľȻһ仰
˵ʵҲԼСԽԽˮÿˡ
֣˵ľڵɡ
ʵҲ֪ΪʲôһĽȴԽԽãԽԽ޽ġ
룬ѵΪԵ̫ã˵˯̫Եʡ
Уģ޺ãӦҲЩϵɡ
Ͼǰõʱ򣬶ܱղףοĺܺãľҲԽԽˣûɣòԭ̤ǲǣֻԽƯŶԡ
ȻģȻŰɵƨˣ檿һֱǶ껪أҪļλã֪ˡ
λû뵽¾Ȼƨ˵仰ʱ򣬻м񣬵ܿ췴ӦǣµĻβŰɾһͿ䡣
ʲôﲻԷƱѽҪ˵Ļǵûطˡ
ʲôأž͸Сһȵȡ
һһ仰ֳ̱˿䰲Ưᡣ
ڱĻŭ֮Цס졣
ȻЦ£õ壬Ǵˣ
׼֪ƻصϡ
ⳡ밲Ǹǣ˭ǰʱʱ򣬿鹬ء
ĸѾˡ
ЦǾͺãֻҪúõģҲͷˣүһĵרŹһˣԺҪעŵԼӣɱүٸŲϻˡ
һ仰˵ʵڵģЩˡ
ɶڴ£ȷʵһֱڻҪⳡôôû
أʲôûţµ˱ˣпһƬϧ֮ģ˵Ʋơ
ԣ²۵˵ľ͸һǹɵĻǡ
ءǡô죬⻰û˽Ӱ
ɼҲ˵ʲôֹֻĵʵסΣɻ
ͦõģΪҵ£۵Ųģһֱͦⲻȥġ
ɲۻǸ޵æŸŪģںǾͦⲻȥģǾͺܼˣʵȥġ
ɰ˰֣ǵûʲôֻҪүˣɾ۵Ҳûʲô
˻һ¶еˣĵ⻰ʲô˼ڿǰΪ
ⲻ֪ôӻ£ֹֻɵĻһǡ
ʵ⻰ûǸ˼ֻһСĽԼﻰ˵˶ѡ
˵ͺˣûʲôŷ
ҲΪ»طסİɣʵԭû֪Ϊ˵Ļˡ
ɽŵȻѾãǱɾ֪ͨ·ǽͷƹȥҲ̷ү
һ뵽һΣû˹µͷƣͷӵ£ʹλһЩҲڿǰӡ
û뵽պãɶԴ¾ͻˣҲûڷܲ˵彿ްɡ
룬ַˣȥҲһޣǿһʱġ
ʻ´𻰣һϵ밲ʱ䣬˵нˡ


39 
밲λߺ԰ɵӲõɵ棬˵Ǿ仰ġ
֪˵Ǿ仰һ䣬ɵʱ˳˵ˡ
̾˵˵ˣӦò룬ΪΪֺүŸϻ޵
˵ͷΪ֪λģ˿ҪˣĵľǰԼˡ
ߣصµ֮Ļһ仰
ѩ˵Ǿ䣬ֻҪүˣ۵ҲûʲôĻʲô˼ҼϺ󣬰һ޵飬˵𡣡
Ȼÿװжôͻݴ󷽡
ô仰ġ
ѩɵ⡭ūҲûף˵ôģȻСǰ˵˳
µ˵ͷҲǰɲС˵ģҪȻôᵱôɵ棬˵䲻ʱ˵Ļء
Ǹģ仰˼ҲӦǵȥ˽°ʾһֵ˵
ӵ˼ǡѩʣϺ˵ǲ˵ء
㶵ҵ˼ûʲô˼ûʲôϵҲ˵ˣǰɲС˵ڵġ
òƵϷأǲǰ˵ģû
ѩðɣһ²һ£͵˵˻ɡ
*
ֹգ¿ʼӦ𴲣밲ӡ
˵Щ˯ѣû취ճĹݡ
밲Ϻʣµʱȫˣգʼ˿鼮
ȻԼȻ˰äöķ֣˼ʶʶ˼Ұ
Ҫˡ
û취ֻѧһЩд´ʶķ֣Щ´ҲʶģֻܷԺ˵ˡ
ºúѧϰϣõѧϰΧУܿ͵Ѯ
ȻͷѾĹȥˣǬ幬Ǳȴٳûж
ûж󹬻ӭһϲ¡ڻˡ
ǵģ̫ҽµС
ܿ죬Ϣں󹬴ˡ
ߣҲܿӵϢѩ֮¶һ֮ɫţҪԼӻоͺˡ
ѩȴһĵǣԼӵͷƶϺЩˣҲǬ幬Ǳʲôϲ˰ɡ
˵ġ
ٮٮڶ࣬Ҫǲÿס˵һվҲ벻ﻹλɡ
Ȼ󣬾ǳȴ
ʵҲģտʼſͷƾͲɣպãÿԳû壬һһյȥǬ幬Ǳ߳ٳûжҲеļˡ
Ǹչĺء
Ψһ˰οǣЩӣҲûзɵӣһЩ
еϢΪλݣϾڵλʵڲߣкܴĽռ䡣
ϧµϣûиλݣֻʹЩ
һζԿСٿٵµʶ
̫ˣ̫ˣڶˣĹ˶ôٵ
һ¶˼͸һЩ
ûиλݣʹŲӣֵλֵɣ˺ӣҲǸġ
ԣðŴΣգһԼĺӣοա
ֻҪԺáȺáþ͹ˣȵ˾ͷգһգǣңҲͦõġ
һ룬Ķʱֿࣺ˵軹Ҫģӵ飬ͲǿˣûкӵĻŪһЩһ˳ԱȫҲôΪӣȡԴ
ѽĻ־Լмַϵˡ
*
һ磬ùźվ£ƽС˳ոմ԰ļֲԡ
ƽԱ߽ÿһԽʲôῪʲôɫĻѩ֮ҲԱš
ʱѩ̧ͷһ۹ſڵķͻȻڵӣ쿴ǲǾ·֣
仰˵ߴϣתƵ˹ſڡ
Ȼһɫ̫֣̫һС̫࣬Ժ
֣̫࣬ϲüңҲ⣬ֲóȻǰҪ֣̫˵ģǰȥεġ
ƽתͷµӣҪūŹȥƣ
֣̫ˣһС̫࣬ǰҲʲô£ܱԼӹȥĺá
µ˵ͷĬƽ顣
ƽӭ֣̫ķȥˣֻЦŸ֣̫΢󣬾ֱ֣̫ߵ
ѩ֮ǣ㿴һۣҿһۣϵЦôҲڲס
֣̫ĺ壬ڳļ˱˭
ܿ죬ƽ֣̫ൽ¡
ūż쳣ڣ򸣽𰲣֣̫ЦŸ¼
޶ֻּûϵǣô̵ʱ˳λݣⲡúûãޡ
ԣҲԸ¿һЩ
Цò֣ˣ֣һɺã
˵֪֣̫鹬ĿģǲǸһеĺѻٲ˵ġ
гڵĸӻ˳죬ūǰǸڵϲģү˳̼ݡ
ģǳЦ˾ϲ
лл֣֣ݺȱɡ
֣̫ЦžܾˣȻѾ֪ͨ쳣ڣūžͻȥˣ쳣Ҳ׼Ǭ幬˵Ěiʱ
һӵ޵ּ⣬쳣߾ҪæˣɲûɫʱȲ衣
֣̫Ҫߣѩæǰ˴͵ĺɰ
ƽȥ֣̫ţС˳ȥŷǱҪˮºѩҲϽ˵ڣʼ׼޵·Ьӡ
ѩ֮ޣÿϴʹ͵ӣ˺üװɫģɫģźɫģɫӵװһ̣۵ĸо
ǰΪû·Ϊ·֪࣬ѡһ
оϲ
ϴˮ裬ǰЩ񸮸ոТ¶ĨһЩϣ㵭ţŵĲˡ
ǰûֶϴǱģ˵Ҳϡˡ
˵гǱͷĻһЩǳõ֬ˮۣõҲǰһˣҪ˵ġ
һЩճõĶۿɼٶȣı仯š
˭֪Ϊʲô
*
½޵Ϣܿ鹬ˡ
ոոЪȥ˼ֻ˹
ԴͷƹϣǬ幬ǱһֱûΪһʱ䣬أû뵽뷨Ǳ߾ּ⡣
Ҳ֪Լڵʲô˼һ߼£һޣΪ鹬ŵ棬ҪǿܼǾ͸ˡ
Ҳ֪ǰɫģرǴȱƯɵĺ󹬣ÿһѡ㣬ò毺õŮ͸ҪǮһֵͣˣԺᱻˡ
յĵͷһɰõòᣬڵͷҲ鹬ɣܸˡ
ɹĶڣǰЩӲ𣬶ɻ˵ĹҫһҲид
ԺֻҪг裬͹ֺηڽʮܻϣ½ʮˣͲţҪг裬ܻϡ


40 
Ǭ幬˵Ěiϣ黹ƽѾûǰεֽŸУܸһʱкܴϵ
ͨһνӴãҲûô¡
Ц٩ʱԶҪȻû̴ӦͷȴʵˣλݣʹӣҪ鼮
֣رľ
෴λʷĵֺ
һٺ˼Уiһ·ͨǬ幬ӣ·ǰŮ󣬻ůȥ
ʱůڵƻҡҷһƬž
һɾ£ϴµ֮ϣǰһſ֮ϣżۣʱʣٵһŴ򿪵дţŹڲࡣ
½󣬵һۿ龰
ʱͷǣʵʵҲôˣڹǲ֪޵ģء
ǰ񣺡μϣ򸣽𰲣
ͷҲδ̧ƽɡ
Ͱ͵վԭأ֪һʲôһʱ䵹мΡ
վһᣬϵۣʣŹǰոдõƵǣȴīɣȻֿٵùһδĵۣŵǰ
ٶ־׼£Ǿ˵ġ
յСڵϣվᣬܲҵط
˻һȵŹЩĿɿڴ
쳣ڸո˵ʲô˵ᣬҸط⻰ûɡ
ʱŹµĴ󵨣һʶûĸˣҵү棬˵Լվ۵ġ
쳣ǵһҲΪֹΨһһ
ŶˣλǸҵү棬۾ˡ
µĿڣڽߣתƵϣֻ̧۳һۡ
һҪʱǰһĸо
ͬϴʱͷɢͷ棬һɫװףױ޽ģһʱҪ֡
²죬ԼԽƯÿģҲǺ󹬶һˡ
һ´һһָָԼλãһᣬͿæˡ
⼸ۣЩëĵ˵仰ǵÿɣҪ˵Ļٶվһء
˵µʱԼոտˣţ˭ԸվŰ
˵ˣ֪ҪæʲôأܲһֱվŸɵȰɡ
лϣ¿ĵĵлȻû˿ԥ֮ϣҲǿĶ档
һֻһľ롣
Źһοڴ
ȿ쳣ڵĻû˵ȻԼĶ棬ǲЩ̫ˡ
Ź̧Լ˫ֿۣһǰ棬û쳣үĶ档
ңʱĿڶϵʣۡ
ҪûۻĻոүд˼֮󣬻Ƥ̧ͷֳһ쳣ڡ쳣أүǻһǳЦ
ŹȻû¶˵˼
ʱĿȴмֲ˼¸ոһ£ıǶ˾ƮһĨ
ޣ㵭ţǺš
ò£һϴġ
һѹͷһߵͷۣл£µطסĿɻ
¶ʱһȻĵ
תһ룬ԱûˣʵĿɲˣȻʵµˣô֪µطġ
룬˳ô֪檻µطģ
ͷ΢⹬ʲô֪ġ
⻰˵ġ
¿ʼ룬֪£Ӧźǰˣл˵İɣһǲҲڿǰ˺ŵء
˵ؽ͵ǰЩӣȷʵȥǰԺ䷿Լһסȿֳ̫ˣļҾߺҲȫµģסſˡ
䣬ǲΪɸ蹦̵һ
˵ǺҫĿǣʱÿЦˡ
ĵǸɵӣɶã˵أɵӵڻڹﲻ˵һǰΪ˵û˵ɵɵѽ
ӣмϲҲࡣ
סͺá
Ȼ˵Żֵ·ܱʼ飬˿ûһ˿
˵Ĵ𻰣ֱŹɵۣүʲôʱ²ˡ
תһ룬֪Ǵ档
ǻʲôʱÿˣҪȥסµطʱ檸ȡºĿڵ
֪Ȼ˵⣬˵仰֮ﻹǽŵĲˣ¿˼
ûϵҲڻصá
Ȼֻж̶̵һ֣ȴ¿ĲѣϵЦݣЦøһá
ͷЦվԱߵŹܿ
һĴָλֹǵ󰡣о͸ûи֣ʲô˵ʲô
Ҳŭү
֮ů˶ݵİ۾ۣΣһᣬĵЩסˡ
󿴿ҿĿ䵽˷ڿϵϡ
ּδɣɫëǴдģԱߺɫǿдġ
ͷһۣöֲʶرǿ̶̵仰һ벻ʶ
ϵÿͷ֣ǡ֪ˡģͨ˳͸Ҫ˵е˼ˡ
¶ʱǰʮ飬׶˵Ĵ
۵Ŀյ̧ͷֿһۣ֪ϲȫ㿪ʵֶϵ𣿡
³ʵҡҡͷһ룬ϵ檣檲ϵ
¶һȻ˵ı顣
û뵽¶˶٣ŵд֪֡ˡ檻ʶģģͶʶˣ檺˵ϵ֣дÿ
˻һƽصĿĻһӶЦˡ
һЦţһָһε㰡㣬޶֪˵ʲôˡ
ŹԱҲʹıЦԼЦͬʱҲܾû뵽¾Ȼˣ͵ۣûҲͰˣȻʳô͵Ļ
쳣أҲ¶ģ֪ԼѾ˴ȻаүЦˣֱҲû˭ˡ
ѵɵɵ
ô˵ҲȻɡ
ĵ¿һͨϴΣ֪ʶֲ࣬أļأĵЩۣҲûʲôĴܣҪȻǻҲԼˡ
±ЦЩһҲȾ˺Σֱ׳ôЦֻʵʵ˵ѡ
ܺ˵Ϊʵʵ˵ŸЦѽȻ˵ʲôϵ檣檲ϵԼʶ֪ˡ֣ң֪ƨ˵֣дĺÿ
ֱ֪˵ʲôˡ
鱶õĿˣܻƻյ˶˵л
֣鲻õȻΪദôСһͳࡣ
ĿĹ
лҪ˵
£޵ʱ򣬻ûأ
޿ޣ޾ޡ


41 
Źǰˣܿ콫ϵۺͱīʰɾǰŮŻͭ裬ǰſʼ֡
±ϣй˶յڿ֮ϣ˫ֺصԭλá
͹ȥ飬ˣһϵĲյһڲˮһŶ¡
¸ոն໨յ֣΢΢˶٣ֽյ˻ϡ
ĵ֪öֲʶ仰İɡ
һ촽صôǷǾ仰кö֣ϵ檣檲ϵ
һֱ׳СģЦˣôϵûֱ׳Ǵ޽ء
˻һЦˣϲЦտ檻й뷨»ûпУֻһˣڻϼȻҲ뷨Ϭ뵽һȥˣ檾ΪѵĽܻɡ
Сϵı飬˵Ļôһ£֪ģΪǿӦһ㡣
ϵСģʱ֪˵ʲôˣѵ֪ԼƤܺ
ȴ¶һΪģ
ԣ½绨С
죬ίΣɰ
ʱЦˡ
Ĳ֪ȥӺͱ飬Ǹ˭ѧģٶȱҲ̫˵ɡ
ֱֺ޲мϲ
ŹվԱߣ˵ֱ͸һ
ĿɿڴĿɿڴ
ǵһμ´һദ龰ԭģġ
쳣ڿųͦɵģôһ˵ɾͲһأǿʲô˵Աľսģ¿һͷ
ǳʶˡ
Ҳ֪λ֪֪Լڸ˭
ЦֽҿյĲǣһڲˮ²յ˻֣ʾŹȥ
Ź⣬֪Ҫ쳣ڵദһᣬ̵ȥ
һߣü۴ЦĿĿǵ
ͳڵƻҡҷů󣬸ˡ
µСʱ©һģðһܺЦ顣
ֻһ˫ٵһۣü۴ЦǴʹм𣿡
˻һҲ̲סһЦ˳
õʹмƣֻҪСָͷԹԵľ͹
£ôЦ
ЦƬֹ̣סЦüǼ䣬ܿ˿á
Ͱģõʹмơ
Σôˣò绨˾ɫ޶ˣ˼˰ȵȵȵȣѵͲûʹмơ
ǰ뵽Լòдһ顣
Цܰ޸ϲʹ˼ơ
ѿڶǻ˵Ļϡ
⻰Ҳ˵Ҳ治֪˭ôӡ
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42 
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Ϊܲɻеʱ򣬲ްɡ
˵⹬֮ˣĪӣӻִһҿ̥࣬ǸС硣
˵ев㣬һͱȥ˻̫ڹҲϵһˡ
ÿ¿಻˵µĻҲûز۹ƾòͼڿʮʱ˵еĵڶλѹŮĵһŮһͷ
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Ȼ¶˵ˣǿԬڣǴϡ
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²û幬ڣҲ֪幬ϰףֵֻˡ


43 
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ѩ̽ʵӾûɫ
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˵˶ᣬ쵼ǺҪ˵Ǹͷˣɿ϶ҪԬڴѹҪǻ˼ſbossСЬġ
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תƻӽʲôū澺ƽŷ֪ͨһ
µó裬ʲôˣǿŷǱߵġ
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44 
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ΪˣҲų˲ϵӣϲŷһֻա
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µͦģ¶ӣÿŷڴʹ治ɫϴͨʱˡ
ҪĻͲУ˵ˣûУվԺж˳һѪˮ﷢ëǰڣҪˣ϶ࡣ


45 
ڵվԺڵǿʼһ˵Ļ
䣬Щĵģһ̥Ǹ磬Ǹ
иСӦһĽиһ̥ҪСĻϥ¿ɾˣҲǹﰢˡ
룬
ҪòòҪֶֶΣҪĳҲ˭ô׵ϵġ
ңҪǵûĻǰ뱲ӣȷʵ˳˳ˮӺλΪھУŰ˰Ļ֣ȻҲӺжд̣ټ͵ں󹬵ıͿ֪ˡ
һԣ֪Ǽ٣˵ڿļϣƽϰߣ͸ǰһվ˵ǰ档
˭ӺĸȻʱ򻹲ǻ̫󣬿ҲǸ׼̫ˣһñС۵ӺץסСӣҲǴʱӺʼ˶طKĴѹطKҲǱȺ
ԶˣԶˣ¾ôȥ裬ֱϴϴ˯˵ˣϾ֪Ӯǵĸӣʲô˼
һ뵽вʮûҪǲĻ⸱ӹǣ˵ʮ꣬ʮʮ궼ϣҲ͸ƨˡ
ԣ˳Ȼɡ
ʲôأ֪ʲôʱŹµԣһֱ㶣̲סʵ
»عŹЦЦûʲôǿһѪˮ˳ͷΡ
Ź赭дʲôӾӣξͺˡ
ֳ棬ں󹬼̫࣬ľˣ⻹ǺõģûѲ뵱ʺѲʱǲŽأ̫طi֮󣬾
¾ԼΣһʱģҲһƽ
Ź䣬ȥעǱߣתһע
ֹһСᣬɻûǬ幬Ŀȴȸˡ
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ҲǣһǳһͨˣЩġ
һվºԺɣ͸˼Ѫһָּˡ
Դϴٽں󣬴ɣɶûˣÿԳû¶
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вûŭɫһϷʱ۵ģ¿롣
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˼
Уӹֽ̣֮ĺҲðɡ
Ҳǣֻϲֱϵĺ󹬺
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Ҫ֪룬϶ʹ²վ˵۰Լ£紵̫ɹţй˲ˮš
أֻ̫š
ҺʱˣҪȻǲŽеء


46 
ʱһСӤ˳
ոջ޾ɵɣʱ̾εĿſڣ֪һ̥ĵǰ绹ǹ
ʱʹ͹Ҳվ˵ڡ
ܿ죬߳һϲɫĽֻ֣ϲϲϣϲϣ˸С磡
һ˵ȷʵһϲ£°йŹͣ
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ʲôɵ»ãй涨ģֻҪûرķԸȥ˰ǰĶ׼ɡ
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Ȼ֮ǰ׼пܻӣķǰˣ˺ѽܡ
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ֻǿڵҲ̫ѿֻǿһЦʼϲֵһӡ
ȻЦŵģȴʼ˼ࡣ
һ磬˵Ӧر˲Ŷԣɻʼ֮£ô򵥵ģǣһȫ
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ԺǶˣĺ󹬵λ᲻˼̫Ӳвأ˭ҿ϶飬ȷʵҪǵˡ
ΪδѣһѾ̵ӡĹ
ȻѾϣ㿪ɻȥԼȥ˴ʹʹһˣ̫̫ͻ̫һ˸顣
̫̫Ǹ˿˸硣
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˵ʵ¶̫̫λλʷż۵ĴŮԣһֱ˺档
ԣ١ҪǸТׯ밲ʱǼּ͸ʱ飬еһƴ
ɲûж˵仰ʹ鹬ļ˸١סĳǬ
ʱĳǬԺڣҲѾۼ絽ɣÿ˶žµױݣϲͼװǵ¶ЦݣҲǴһϲ
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߲ɵأҪϽȥúϢϢһϵģ·һֱߵ·ϣϲЬ˵ֱһĥ
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ڻȥ·ɱʱҪˣټ鹬ǶУĹºŹһĻ˹
һصԼסµһ飬˱صĻףϣȻ֮Ҹһˮúõ۵˫š
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¸Ͻ˰֣лѩĺ⣬ˣһҲȥģһˣϽȥЪһᣬڣȹţ֪ʲôء
˶ٵ·ū澲ۣһ̰ɣȹ˽գӦþˡ
Լ۵СŵԸɡ
ֹ죬û˵ڡ
ʵѩТׯ¼޶ǲ룬ֹ͢£ָô꣬ѩҲһ֪࣬ͷ


47 
ųʳ֮⣬ŷ߰ϵӣÿ߷һݡ
³֮󣬾ѩЩӣ֮ƽ˷ʳˡ
ʵЩˣҲһҶպͰգֻǸֵӲܱȰˡ
ûһԭգȻףֻһĹͿʼưô
һãڹģͻȻˡ
Ȼµϣ˴򿪘ӴܴţƲСҲ֪ĻǲҪȡˡ
վԱߵѩ̲סնڣҪȺԷۣҲ֪ڻܲȥˡ
»صµҿһʱͣˣϾȥˣҲû
ܲܿɡ
ǰ϶ˣˮɱˣ˵еĵطѾˮ֡
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ңԴӽ£ÿվһӣϰΪˡ
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ңƽ˵ѾǺõˣһ꣬ģģŮģӻĵģǱȱȽǡ
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48 
»ص鹬
뵽Ǭ幬һĻԼһڹҲһգ̫ǲ׵ģǻϻɣҪţš
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49 
ѩܿ˲յ
վԱߵŹֻ²ۣ˵õľϲأ˵õľأôĽ쳣ڽһ
رԼովСݡʱһ룬̫ˣſô꣬ʲôû쳣ŵʧ˷ִ硣
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֮ҵū澽ʱû뿪ѩŸء
ԣһ
û߾ͺãû߾˵ոյʧ̬ﻹԭˡ
ֻŹȥϿҵĵǸⳡ粨оյĹȥˡ
ϴɾϵĺ࣬½ӹ֮ҵݹ˲
ﲻģߵμſڣ͸ſڵ˿䡣
ֻµϣĺŲˮŹڲࡣ
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Ĥ۰۰׵ģöʲô֬ˮֻۣڱĨһӱɡ
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˵Ҹòȥүɿѯߵ
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Ҫȥ˵ʵеۣⲻԼλܵԼС
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ҪǹȥĻǲЩ̫ãү᲻ίѰɡ
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һϲȥʵſڵС̫࣬ոշʲôǲǱ߳ʲô£
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ͽصſС̫֪飬˰֪
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ͷһĪ񣬿Щ顣
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鷿˺óʱĿҪȥˣЩλѲѧʦ
ǰ˵úѧ´Լ飬ҪѧĲãС޴ְ塣
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ԣʱúۣôһʱôͽأҲͰˣǸˣͷ
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һͲ´ٶʱ򣬲ʶˣңסϾϤĶ


50 
԰ܣص󣬾һֱ˳
ôҲû뵽Լڴȥˣֱӿھܾվһ¶ûУֱӴˡ
ֱ̫ˡ
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ЦǸӣҲ֪ʹʲôֶΣүôá
ӿ鹬뿪ôҲһʱ˰ɣʲô˵꣬Ҫôʱ䣬϶쳣ʹֶΣүߡ
˵үԸɣǲ쳣ǰ˵ʲô
󣬰ɾһֱ飬ȥֻ뵽Ҳܽܡ
ԣһģҪȻүΪʲô϶쳣˵ʲôϴ쳣ʱүҪ޵Щһ쳣мɡ
ҪȻүôϸ뵽¡
ǰ֪ϳŷǣ쿴Ȼ
ϧڻó裬үţأҪ棬ҪȻʰˡ
֪ûɣֿʼţǼˡ
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ү鹬쳣ڵģԼӴȥȻҵ˼˭
أȻ벻ͨڻүɣֵ˼쳣ȥˣĲ֪˵ʲôá
˵Լƽʱͦصһˣôүһ鹬飬ôء
УԼӵ׶ˣѵԼû𣬶ˣ裬үү޲ɡ
ūŵ˵˵쳣ڣû쳣ڣ󹬵òɺ࣬ôҲֲԼϰ
ΪʲôԼӾ벻أ
̾һֿʼĵȰ˰ɡ
ǰã鹬ó裬ûʲô˼Դӿ鹬쳣ڣһ쳣ڸϽ̥һŽڿǰ¶¶
үϣԼҪۣºòάֵںþ棬ΪһʱԴʲôõ
ٰɣٰ꣬͸óˣʲôҲùˣ㰲ʲô飬Ҳûʲôϵˡ
ʱԬڣһΪôöʼɣһΪȥڵ飬еҡ
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ȻûӣĿڵˣȥʲôƯÿĻԣҲ쳣ѡһЩ͹ȥ
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Ц飬ˣЩȥɡ
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˼Ҷ˵ʦͽʦǿҲ̫ˣʵʦԲԡ
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ϧλүûڸǰҪվ¾ãԼһҪݺݵϣϼӡǣܱԼƺ֮ˮϲϲ


51 
̫һȺС̫鹬ʹֳͣĶȻСټǻû\͸߷ʲôô֪˺¡
رǷһĻԣֱգۣǵðɺԬ۾ĵγѪˡ
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ڶ죬Ե鹬쳣ڣºʹ˲ٺö飬֪ģ֪ģܿڹﴫˡ
óɣЦһ˵һ͸˭ûóһûóǾֻʣĽˣǺ޲֮ţҪǿȥǣ쳣ھͺˡ
еùУӣУŻһС˿ӣ˱ˡȵպӣж˻ʱ϶ûʲôˡ
˭֪ЩˣóɣҲֻǼ˸©ѡ
ȻǼ©©Ҫϵġ
Ȼ֪ɶڰĵСʲôʱʧ裬æһ顪Ǿǿʮ軨ԣô졣
֮ǰЩԣЩͨƷ֣ƽС̫ѧ£ôˮô֮󣬾Լˡ
ҲʲôϧƷ֣͵Լֽѧˡ
ڿЩһƷ־ͺϡҪǻǰһǰ֦ҶŪ²£Щһ׼Ҫһ
ԣ¸ϽƽС˳ȥǱߣĺѧϰôЩĻԡ
ȻأҲûţѧ֪ʶٶһһ
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磬ùţʼڵڻȥʳʱżëڴɨѩڵϴãҪȻӸϷɰʾһԼɡ
µĽŲһӶ˶٣Щ͵졢ɰ

԰
ѩͣĻƣϸĵĸ½͵ӵĶ඼ǻʹ͵ģֲܵ͹ȥ˵ˣʲôöûһ㶫治һۣľͲһˣزصĵΣȴʾӵĳ⣬Բԡ
¶ʱѩ˵ĺе˵ˡ
ôãӦñһԼ
Ǻãؼɰ
ԣϽΪԼɣҶôòߣˣҪȻһɣʱ͸Ͼˡ
ѩԵôУҪ͸ϣŸ壬ūôһ£ĺ벻ãǴӶԻϵĳ⣬ǲǴ͵ġ
仰ʹ׵롣
ɣӳЩʱ䣬ū澺֮Žȸ֣֮ӿ϶һĺɰ
˵ѩļëӣӵţū澽ȥ߿ǴھͿʼ
˵գתμ߿ȥˣֻĿɿڴ¡
ĺ˵ס˵һԼûӦأôء
ɿѩһΪ룬ޱȵӣȻ벻һʲôɣܾ顣
һᣬΪԼɰ𣬻ܱñʸӻѣͲˣƾǹѧֵľͷ岻һССĺɰ
Ŵչһ
ϧãʵܹǸУѩ߿𣬽ߡ廨롢ȫŪãŵʱ²֪öСС廨룬ÿĴƷɱñʸд̫ˡ
ˡ
˵õɰñʸдأƭ˵ġ
ԭѩԼӱźܴģɵ˺ü֪֮Լӵˮƽˡ
ֹǺþòߣˣֱֱ˸ɾ˵ԼӸͲ߻
ѩҲûд¸ɰͷ
ȻԼӲᣬֽ̰ɣһɰҲʲôʵڲУǾ򵥵ĺˡ
¼ѩڻģ޶޲ˡ
˵
ɿŴƢܺõѩһޱȵСģȻ˵ˡ
ѩΪ˭ΪãڿӡҪԼŬĻǾ̫Ӧˡ
ԣ²ٱԹ㣬ɵ̬ȣʼԼ̬óֵľģĸѩѧ˴塣
˵ᾭ廨ָҧš
Լ뵱Ǿ߿ˣʲô
ҧˣѩָϣ廨һۣȴֿʼˡ
ԥҪȻӻǲҪˡ
ͷҲû̧û£Եÿп෽ΪˣȻѾˣôܰ;أУ㲻ܸʾ𡣡
˵˴ЦŰοѩʱ򰡣Ͽĺɰ϶жĲˡȻǲܵģĬĬһ䡣
¾ɵ֪һ弼ãݣ϶Ѿ֪յٸµĺɰˡ
ĽҲֻǸĺɰ⣬һѹ׵ĺɰˡ
ѩֻõ˵ͷܲ˵ɰ˵ҲɣҪ;ϣԼӱ⼸£ǰװˡ
һḶ̌һѧټµԻôûٱ廨ָˡ
չټʱǬ幬·֣̫ˡ
¼֣̫Цӯӯعϲϲ쳣ˣү˳ڵͷƣ볣׼
֣̫ʱȻ˲²⣬ǲȷ
Ͼأȴޣ⡢ϲ£ȷʵ顣
û뵽ûл֣̫أţֿ֣̫˵һľϲ
ү˵ˣޣڲõǬ幬ȥʱʱˣֱߡ
⡢ģЩ״Ρ
ڵ飬ĲϲݣҪþϲˡ
кö幬زҲֵ֪Сɣһ㶼ֱٵǬ幬ȥޣٻСɹ
ڣǴҲûѩ˵
ϾСλݵͣסĵطһ㶼ôã϶ǲԸ⽵ȥһԼϲĵطҹġ
֪ģҹȥҲһλλλֵġ
лΨһгɣҲֱٵǬ幬ޡ
أ֣̫˵ʲô˵Ҫҹ⡢ֱЩԼĶ䡣
˵𾪣ѩ֮ƽǣҲǾ㿴ңҿ㣬ֻһͷӣҪĽ
֣̫Ȼף쳣ΪʲôôţΪӵйܹܵķԸҲǲŵġ
´˻ר˹ܹΣΪȷһԼǲǶˡ
˵ʵھ·Щּ⣬ҲͷһϣһСסĵطҹּ⡣
ֻЦŻصģڷıǣūŸտʼҲţܹȷϹβŸҹġ
̫лл֣ˡһϲ
˵꣬ʹɫϽѩ֣̫Ǯһ˫ݵġ


52 
֣̫һߣѩ֮ƽڲٶţ˵Ͷֵˡ
ҲǵȾЦտĿʼ
οɸһδæһطȻһ㶼ӵڰڵ԰赽Ѭ㣬ٵõĲյҪ޾ϸȰźãرǴμڵĴᣣҲҪȫոµġ
Һ쿵֮ѩְ֮Ĵɨһ顣
һʡ๦ҪǴڲſʼɨʱϿ϶
òº˶ʼæµҲ⡣
Ȼæµĸ˵æµЩһѩǵæµæŸɻµæµǰԼģſ
Ȼ󣬾ŷӣλүź˾ͺˡ
˵ʵףѣΪһ治ʲôź
˵°һСľп£ǵλڲˣرȫû͸幬صˣǲ֪ʲôʱײף֪
ԣ¾Ҫһ㲻ǵÿеѡ
*
֣̫鹬ֱȥ֮Ϊλİɣһֱ˹עߡ
ⲻϢһӵ߽ɾʹվһеʵôǱߵʲô
Ȼ֪֣̫ĵʲô˼ﻹһֱʵ
ǽҹ쳣޵¡
ԣ¶һȻ˵񣬵̲סķɧүǬ幬ޣҲ֪á
ͬʱͷżźһζûƹ˵յֱӵˡ
֪Լո˵ĻûðԼ˼
ĵү쳣Ǭ幬ްֱӹ쳣ڵŶԡ
˵Ŷޣ˼ˡ
ǰߵĴֻҪ޵СɣһĴһ㶼ϡ棬ɺǾʹһˣûȥĸСҹء
ԣûһ仰Ͱ˵ԼţǼ⣬Ƕעŵ˵˳ǧ˵ǵӲˡ
Ҫڲ˵ɣһ鹬ǰغӵģ϶أ㲻˵ʱɿ϶֪ҲҪ֪ˡ
򴽣ǿڶ԰ɽ͵쳣ڲǬ幬ޣүֱӹ
һһҪ˵ڵĻҲֱӶں
һŵո˵ʲôûظһ顣
֪԰ɵԣܣǿڵū澸ոȥˣ쳣βȥǬ幬ޣүֱҹ
֪Լİɣʱһֱؿڣ˵ٷɧˣڱͻϢֱӴĲС
ԴĶǣҪ쳣ڵҹ
ִʵ˵
Щ꣬ǰ󹬻еҵʱޣ˺ʺť»Ϻ١λɴһ˵סĵطҹˣɶֱӹĽһֱӱǰ̫࿸Ǭ幬޵ġ
ʱ龰Ŀ
أֱǰƽȣʮ֮󣬲ô̬ˡ
ʱЩҲΪ⣬ٱ٣ɾ޹ظˣҲûϵˣλɣǰȥǬ幬޵Ĺأȴһֱ
أȻֱСڵҹ˵ʱ߹ˣܽܵˡ
ϣҲ̫˰ɡ
֪Դӱ֮󣬾һֱڻȰ˵ڿɲʱٹһʱүɾ鹬ˣӿҪϽȥҪ˹ȥ֣Ҫͷȥʲô飬Ƚ쳣Ǳ˵ô˵ӻҪӵġ
ԭԼӾ΢ʣӿɲʱɵ͸ϴ쳣ڽλݣӻ䱸˵һүֱ˵ϣѿѽ
ĻĿڵǿ²ʲȥǱĸожˡ
ƽ˺һŲòڵһղ˵飬ϣʲôҪģֻܸɿڱǡ
˵仰֮󣬰ɾԼȫζˡ
Ӧūȥ˵գת
*
ߵãԼˡ
ⲻɵ˼˵֮ǸϽллɵĺ⣬԰ҪҪְæ飬лˡ
쿵ǰֱӱ֮飬ûȥأɲҴƱʱɲʹӡ
ԣæ飬˰ɡ˵ˣиˣ˵æһɣǿá
ڰ˵ǾʲôҪĻˣ治仰棬ΪٴһεҲˣ𿴰ǣ˼һֱûϨء
ڿҪڻ֪ôԼء
ֻǿһ£ûʵԵҪֻüͷȥˡ
ɽӵĻظûʲôоʲôλæأҪȻŻɡ
*
ʱ࣬һ׼׵û±żˣߵſڵȴ
˲һӵʱ䣬ݻ
һʱĿ̾乬ԿʱûҪΪλүǺģء
ܿҲӰԵļӿֻ࣬Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬾͵˽ǰ
´Ź˸
ڽС֮󣬿ѾĸǰޱǣôԳӭˡ
Ȼڶɢһϲá
ֻݸһЦǵȣҲǵȣ檾ͲˣĻ檻һϵ档
˵˴С࣬һŮҵĽ̬
ʱ΢΢ЩڣԱŵعƷʵƹ⣬ÿüʱ˫ͫˮǷڲסϲá
رԭ޾ףɫɣΪӭĴһϮɫװϣˣ˵ľڵ¡
˾ÿôһ˲ĳҡҷ
ܿع̲סЦһޣ޲ˡ
С˼£֬С΢΢ȾһĨΣǶ˶Сţһ䣬֪˵ʲôء
Ʋ˵ƣôÿÿζ˵أȷʵԼĸӡ
Ͼ飬С˵ĵشء
ķӦЦøˡ
˵ΪʲôѪҹΪͨദ֣ĵϣ׷ŵÿһЩ
ر鷿һ磬һ棬ûǬ幬ʱǷݾнûرСǽʦǻϣֵĸʵ
أҲദûйһ飬һЩ
ţҲ֪ʲô˼ȻǣС֡
ô๬˵棬ǣ֣м֣ûãô๬˿ء
һǣ֣ߣһЦĵⲻĸ첲鷿קǻˣڲ˵й˿أе˰ɡ
޷
޷ۡ
˵޷İɣ龰Ŀ϶С
ں˵ʲôˣӿǣ֣ŵһ˲䣬ǰԺͲ֪ж˫۾Ѿڰˡ
Ĳŵȿһ̣й˰֪Ҳһֱڹעߡ
տʼԶɫڣ˵ԺмյĹƣΪߵĳȣǿС
˽ɻµĹ£俴ǣһ˫֡
Ľʵĸˡ
һ·һ˵лһƵ߻
ڵ֮ޣˣæ˲յ
ǴһڣĻԻ֪ЩӦԡ
ڼ¶ˣмָˡ
µϣһڲˮԼµ޽̵Щ֣ûкúѧû͵
¸ϽȻûУϲڣҲһֱںúѧҪȻϿ檡
¶ǸСӣ˵ʵе㲻ţһĹѾһ룬ġ
ü۴ЦǺãȻ޿㡣
Ȼһյ裬˵˾л󣬾ͽ鷿
ԱߵŹ֪˵ʲôˣ֪һ棬鷿ëôһ¡
Ƚ˽õĲյҵطźãȻó־Щƴֽţͱʰãҵطˡ
˵ʵúƴ֣׵ĸо
̯ᣬ¶һֱ˫ֵĿʦɡ
һصģȻºǲװģǿڵͺ飬ֱӱһɡ
¶ʱڴЩſ˵Ļһ㣬Ͱ͵һ飬ʦʦͽûɡ
˵ͷһԣһ顣
ɵˡ
Ϊ˼ָָϵ֣ôأôȻһ־أҪҲ̫˰ɣ
һСҲǣҲǣ￪ʼ˼Ÿô
ʱȴЦء
һصСģΪʲôأԭֻǸӣ˵һʱ䣬ôѧˡ
йͷͷǸʦͽûȫء
ûбҲкúѧˡ
ɣַһҳָһֵһ仰ĵʣ˵һ¡
ʮ֣ٴɵۣ֪ľ仰ĵʲô
ʱЩᣬΪʲôĿԣеĲһء
ʦͽҲᡣ½Ŀڣ˫˳˿һֱֻۣ˫ٵһۣɣգҲգؿ˫
һ˫ӿţټϽʾĺ뿪Ļʱҭ˻ȥ
ɤǸ˵˵ʲô
·۲תȻһЦʦ̵֣ͽˡ
һЦɲǼ佫׽Ū˼ȫˣֻԼ̫Ϊˡ

ǣʦ¶ʱüЦ
Ц绨ĲͱǼɨ㣬ͷǱǧë壬̲סĶЩʲô
ʱѾſֱۣϵġ־ɫ
ΣȫȻûע⵽ʲôֻŸոӿ࣬Ĩ⶯
ʱҳָϡ
ָϸ޳ָûͿĨκεޢ޼룬һ뵽ð⣬ÿ
ֻƯÿָϣȴۼĿ˼ССۣһ
һץҳϵֱָӴʶڵָϵۣô£
գգ۾û뵽ͻȻע쿪ڽ͵ûʲôǽѧʱ򣬲Сģվͺˡ
һΪģһڵͲҪֲ߷ûˣѧʲôԺҪˣǡ
Ȼ߿ѧ壬ɰ
æɵ˵ǺðɣʦġֻﵽôģֻԼ֪ˡ
ôɣ־øոԼЩˣȻѧעˣҪء
ʱȴͻȻѽһһСˣ檸ոˣĶˡ
һֱȵӣЦˡ
ǣֵˣ´ٶɫ磬ǸЩЪˡ
ͰЪˡСϴż־ɥ
ÿλʦأû뵽ˡ
·𿴳˼һ㣬Цϵò´ٽȡ
յ£¶һõЦݣͽʦġ
˵꣬һ鷿ȥλڴμҡ
Ź˽ºϴþߣ˹ֿŹźſϴϴ
ڵĿģԼæҲһ£Եſ¡
ѩ֮ǰģԷ̣Ϳ֮ľ룬˸׽һЩ
ԣһҧ۾һգԼˡ
Ķ֮ſü۴ЦſЦһֺˡ
˵ļʵڲа£һʱЦ
µСӶӣΪ仰Ⱦһ糺졣
Ȼ֪ǹġ
ֻҧ˭˵檲еģСˡ
΢յ˫ۣգһ˫峺˫ͫˮ󷽷Ŀۡ
˭˵еģոֻЩ壬Ż΢˫۵ģҪ۾ĴģôܲС
Цˣ޵Űı֡
µˣһ²ſǸåûһ߿ʼź¡
գֻȡ
ﰵԼӣ֪ͲӸˣŪԼЩ²̨Ҳֻܰļš
ɫ糺죬ΣʱͶ䲻¶Ľ֮ɫո鷿Ĩ⶯Ҳѹơ
ĵϣ£һ
ֻȻͷһӺסˮӣ


53 
Ź쳣ڵ£þûгտʼ洫͵͵˵Ȼ΢΢ĴϢ
⻹ʲôףæ˻֣źڵźȥ
ʱǺɫģү϶ϲʱ˴
±׵ĽԴԺǱش齵ġ
Դһ˿Ͻѿϣڻйء
˵꣬æڴĲ˿ϣȻŵ˶㣬һ˫ɫһۣĿĸߴ󼴽ҪѹĿ
һ˫ԣĻţôܰѳֵס˵ոǸֻǿθС˵ǣѾղܡ
͵ЦˣĻʲôˡ
˵˴¶һ˵ЦݣһȻֻֻܺúñֱǡ
˻һԭͺ˵СԽĽΣ
ȴεεӲ檻ſϺúñء
ô˸Ļûһҭ
һֱһ΢˵黰죬һǾ˽ţһϾԴΣȫϺ
쾹ȻҴŵӣûҭˡ
⻰ţȻԾԾ֮С
ĵѵͲԼС壬ܲסȫڡ
ԣԺֻһЦǰ˵ģޱϧģӣǶһֱı֣ЩһΣһ˰Ը
ĻһڣºոյԼӡ
㷸飬㷸飬˵ʲôã˵ᣬҸĻ
һЦϽĵǸǸո˵Цģ˵ЦģǧҪ棬ǧҪ氡
СģЦˡ
ЦѾˣô죬ԽҪúÿ޵ıΡ
˵գҲټϻʹεֱ
һʱڿ죬ľһˮڿҪεʱ¸Ͻģֱۣ˵˺öͻʲôϱõĶ˵ˣĹ
۵ֶԸ̧ſĻ
ʱĿȴо泩㣬쳣ãŵЦ⣬ܿһ
Լһ˹ȻˣԼϣȻֵĸģŵÿҲһЩ
ҪС̫ϸڶͣ
ȻҪһ㣬Ӻܺθڡ
ƯŮ˺࣬סӵģȴҲġ
޴󷽣С⣬ˣҲǺУɡ
֮󣬾ڡڡЩһЩǲסССӦҲֻżˣŻᷭһӡ
ڻʹֵģ˵ҲӣΪԭֻܸλݣȴܸ̫ĳ谮ҪȻͻв̫ӵĵλ
أòޣӻãڿмϲġ
ԣȻϲҲһ谮Ҫǣ΢һЩǰҲʲôӰ졣
ˣʲôۣһḧĺ󱳣һʵ
ǵ߹ԼһΣˡ
¾СϵԿ󣬷Ҳǲס檾˵ˣҲûʲô壬˵Ҳա
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ÿƤʱС죬ЩСģʱЦˡ
ⶺ֪ô죬д˵һΰɣޱ֤ˡ
°΢̧һŲ˵ء
ǺЦĲ˵
˵
СһΪźǿϧˣޱи뷨š
һ¹ȻɻϹò˿֮һĿ˵ʲô뷨ء
һֱֳۣһߺЦ˵ΪʲôҪ˵ء
£λүûὲߺһ֪ûе뷨ȡ֡
檿Ͼڲƭ檡
ԣôڲƭһ
뷨ϲ⣬Ͳ֪ˡ
ӣҧҧ촽˼ǲƭ
£¡ǵֲ֪뷨ģ˵˳
Ҫ֪֣ôܴط֪Ը˵Ҳ֮Ȥˡ
أʵҲ֪ͦ«ﵽʲôҩ
¡ظһ顣
֣һлʱʹֻʱûļǡ
ڿԸ檣뷨˰ɡˣƤϽʵ
һ죬˳ƽһ£һ߿ڵи뷨룬Ժ˽¾Ͳаˣôܣٱ£¡СܣٻС£㿴ô
ԼЩ֣¶ʱоͷ׹
˵뷨ôоЩ֣һһء
رǸС£ӿгֻûһļƤ񣬲뵽һˣǾǰǸС
뵽λЦ뵽Լһµʱ򣬺֣Ǿ͸ˡ
¿һСϻǼ檳ƺɣһЩ
˵ܼĸɶɺô˳һЩ
ҡҡͷã㻹ѡһɡ
ܲѡ𡣡
ܣҪްﰮѡһǸСôü۴Ц˫˸űЦ⡣
¸Ͻܾǧ檻ûãҪȻһ룬ʱٸ𸴡
֮ƣҲЩӣͻˡ
áӦĸɴ࣬ôģֻԼ֪ˡ
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Ъ쳣ڴ֪µ鹬ɣһ뵽ʱЪ鹬ܰ˯ž
رǸסǰԺİɺԬڣߣϧЪǵ޵ֿüŵĸо
򿪴ܿǱ߽ˮǾ͸˯ˡ
أǰԼһ˯ܿܽ磬Ա߶˸ҲЩӦ
ȥN֮󣬿̲סӴأȥġ
£λүû
ֻգգ۾һ뵽˯ߣ檾ͼе˯ţ룬ҪԺεĻ檿϶Ӧˡ
Ȼ˵ģ֪ΪԼռһŴˣȴҪָһ룬ЩӦ˰ˡ
һЦС쵹ͦʲôû˵ˣ˯
áֻùɵı۾ֻ֪֮Ժ˯˹ȥ


54 
îʱ˯е£͸оߵĿʼ˯ۣԺعʲôʱҪ𣿡
ԭҪ´壬΢΢һ֮תصϡ
һһ̧˯ɵ˫ۣһû˯ѵӣЦ
˯ĵжԺŸʳĻ
ڵʱĿ̣˯ɡָ̧ͷϵ㷢
ȴһ˹
ʱѩĻһ£˯ԺȻôҪˡ
ֳһӵӣ檻̻ϸ°ɡ
Ҫ
ֻǽͱһ˫Ĵְ˻ȥֻЦôǴҪ˹˵ķ𣬷ģڣòԶ֡
˵գͷûȫӦʱĴһڡ
¶ʱľװĶǿոǸǶ㲻ϵġ
ֻһͷλҲ̫ᡢ̫˰ɡ
СథŮѽ
ôܵˣ
УҪԺһֱȥԼһֱᶨĵСֱ࣬ӱˡ
ôĺð
´ָ̧Ÿոձ׹ǣڶЩţո˵Ķǿʵľٶ
˵ţԼԼģֻǿ峿ո˯ѵӣִȣ˲õķȻʶȥԼ顣
ֻû뵽ķӦЦϲˡ
ˣ޸ˡ㶵С
ֻǻ䣬һĽӣһ˵Ļ˫ϸֱ۸ǽرס
ʱȻֻһʱ֪÷
ͷһۻﱧֵ˶ͷԣ֪Ϊİ㡣
û׵ʱֻﴫһ᲻ûߣô죿
ŴŴģŵŵģǶǰľͲᡣ
ӲҲ޲öԻ
ݸһЦ޽ٹ㡣
ģµһ˫̱·ҹ
ġЦԡ
ȻһЦ檽ŻϹüģſļˡ
á
վ⣬Ź˵ȴźŹٯٯĶԻȴһ󰵰զࡣ
ĵ쳣ڵͦүģ⽿ֵ˵Ĺˡ
ǲ֪үʲôʱʼ׵ģǰЩүôûү˵⻰ء
뵽ǰ磬鷿Ͳˮǻᣬ쳣ڱүĸ첲еʦɲ룬ѵǺ󹬸λ쳣ڵĲ
ʦͽܸɻҲܽ͵ͨ
߿ʼϴȻûǰԷ̣һ£ڴشǰΧſæ
˫ԵһУǳ˶ĳ
أҲʱʱĻһЦݡ
˾ٲûֱӴϹŹ˫ۡ
˵ү峿ϴ£ڴϲǰԷֻ̣Ա߸ɿŵ
ڹô꣬ûǹΪʹҲɣΪ˱ʾԼͻݣװװӣҪװİɡ
Ҫ˵Ϊºӡ󣬶Էү飬֮
쳣͸˼ҲˣĻرȵֻҪһ˫Ŀүүãøб
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˵ǱɫݳҲѾģҪ˵ְ˯棬һ˫۾ûԼ˯ţ˵Ѿһܴսˡ
ңСһ͸밲ˡ
ɻشϣС˯˻
ȵʱʱѩ߽ң¼˯ɣոˣ˵﷢»ҹ̷࣬밲ϢϢ
ԣ¶ʱ֮ܳС
ⰲʲôʱҲѧΪ룬ѽֱȿ˵ߣôء
תתСԴȥɣʱûȥٹ˴ѳϸЪһҹҾ͸Ҳȥ밲Ļ
ڰһֱƷɲҴ֤ɳ
˵ˣȥ밲ҲֻǴͻˣʵûбҪðա
ѩȴİɣū澸ոƽȥˣ˵鹬ɵ밲ֻһ˵밲
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ˣΪû˯õԭھ״̬ɫϺõ֬ˮڸǣҲһۿûϢá
ԣ鹬ɣģرǱڴ¿
֪Щ˾ϲ˵ʲôӺ˽»֪ôء
˵ᴫ˵ȥ쳣ҹʵһû˯Ļء
Ȼʵȷʵˡ
һºɵ밲ΪͷΪԼأҪܴ֮á
һ˫飬Ϊβء
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Լ޵ȵ˯СǱ߿Ъ鹬飬ʹ󹬷ˡ
磬֣̫ൽ鹬ֻͣΪ쳣ڵӣǬ幬ޣֻ˭Ҳû뵽Ľǿ쳣ڵҹ
ⲻһ˵еĺɾˣһֱ̩ɽͻʹҲһסˡ
˭Ҳ뵽һǴûп۵ССڣȻôÿ𽵹ȥҹ
̫ˣ
⻹㣬ҪûмǴĻǰһյʱ򣬿ѾȥС˰ɡ
һŲȻһСڣƤӵ¹үǿۡ
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ߣѾ˽¿ʼжԱ󻼡
ôпᣬ谮ֻô࣬˵ۣǷֵϵĳ谮ͻʣ޼
ԣҲ


55 
ٴʱѿʱѩϴ硣
˯ŵʱǬ幬Ĺ˲ٻϵʹ͡ѩһźͷһ˵
ôû
ֲ˯Ժ֮ʣ˵أΪѩǸƽ˵ء
ѩ͵˵Ϣûū澴¶ȥˡ
ȵǮǸˣ
ӷģū澻ܰõģū˸ĺɰ
µ˵ͷǾͺáֻҪûʧͺá
˵ʵЩǬ幬̫࣬𿴹ְ󣬵ܵˣҪȻ˵ʲôʱͻ˫СЬ
أͷβ֪ʲôʱˣǲֲġ
˵ֽϽпܹ֮΢׼һ¡
ԣѩͷ֣һӶסˣͷ־ϲ
ǻȻҪϲǿģԼӻȽϵó裬ҪȻҲڿ졣
¾ǲͷҲ֪ʲô
һױ̨һ׹ԼСɵĶϣһ̲סҲ˵̫ˣֻ˵ôһ䣬һأ˵ת۾£԰ֻҪ֪ôһ±ɣ֮ǾͲҪˣһȥʱûû˿Ц˵ˡ
翵˵ٹĻȻҲˣʲô˵׼ÿæĽŲմأת˽˵ĻҲǲܵ顣
ԣ˹Դµֵһ֣ҲֻſûǵԼ˵ĻҪȻʧˡ
ѩЦòΪūҲӸˣϾ˴ûʱûӵʱ򣬿϶ҲǴżĵġ
ûĸԸûƭںУҲҪг谮ɲУҪȻӣ˵Ըء
¶ʱ֪ΪʲôȻѩ仰˵úôֵӡ
˵Ҳԡ
ѩͷ´ҳȥһۿù̫͵ʹͣƥʱ˵ӣΣһܽ𻨵ĵ൫Ҳ١
·Ըѩպã֮ƽȥŷš
ùƽţѾͿˣȥ鷿˻֣ʼű־
أûټ飬ǸѩּѧмѧһĴߣѧ࣬ûټָˡ
ѧùźΪԼС˸Ĥԡһ󣬾ó߿һ߼ѩѧŴ壬һߵǬ幬ǱϢ
˵ʵȻһֱԼҪ̫⿵᲻ﻹǴżΣϣسŵġ
ǵȵʱĿ̣̫ѾɽˣҲٳûеȵǬ幬Ǳ߹֪ͨ
ȵʱԽãԽȻӦǾϻԸйҲҪ졣
Ҫ˵˻Ů˵Ĵˡ
֪ѩԼڿ϶ˣ㰲οٵȵȣϿ϶Ǳǰ°סˡ
ֻõ˵˵ͷҲֻٵȵˣҪԿǰûϢǾЪ°ɡ
վԱߵ֮ң¸ѩ֮ĶԻȴɶĺͷԡ·ֹôԼӺѩ˼ϽҪء
ԼûҲʡ
ֵ˰ʱܿͺˣ󹬸ʼ˹ƣ鹬ߣ˵ӰˣǬ幬Ǳ߱ŵĹ˶ûŰ
һֱĲģѩ㽨Ҫūƽȥһ£ǲޣȥ˺ɡ
ֱҡҡͷˣ춼ôˣȥ߶ʲôûץסѱ˵ˣЩʲôãϸòĻǲαطء
ԣѩֻա
ֿʼͷĬΪתµעѩֽµ巨
ʱһһιȥۿҪ乬ԿʱˣӰǳٳûг֡
·Ĵӣˣɫ磬ʰʰɣҲЩˣЪ°ɡ
˵ʵϣԽʧԽû顣
ūźϴЪ£ʰɡ
µҲá
˵꣬ѩ½ңȻжױݣԭӭӿͷҲһʱķ١
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ʱ˯ţȥſӵ顣
˵ʵҪǿûŵҲûʧ飬ͻڿŵȴû
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ԣŹͼ֪Ҫ鹬
дͷƣÿӣֱûзʱᶨ뷨үҪȥ鹬쳣ڴŲӵİ
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ԣŹ˼Ǵŵһ¿ڿº󣬻ȥȥ쳣ǾͲĿǷΧ֮ˡ
ֻһūŸְ
ĽЩ֮⣬ȻѾԿˣǾҪ쳣ߡ
ңΪ˸ڹԿǰϹ̵Ķû׼ֱװУǰ˱鹬
òԶҪȻеĥء
ŹˣڸٹǰĵĽ鹬Ȼֱӱ
ҲǾһƬѾЪ£ֻʣѩһˣæµ顣
ʰãֵҹ֮ҲȥЪˡ
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ɵȿ˺˶ֱסˡ
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ѩûӦʱ򣬿Ѿǰֱֻʵء
ѩΪԼûڵЪأæڽ͵ڵ˻ãϳٳûйΪողŽЪȥˡ
˵ַӦٵȻˣūھͽȥ
ȴһֱ֣ӵˣֱӹȥҰɡ
˵գҲѩʲôֱŴ󲽣Ҿȥˡ
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ŹҲΣ֪Լòøſһź
룬Ǳȥˣ˵쳣ڸϲһᡣ
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Һ󣬿ֱŵߵµĴǰ
˵ֻһյƣƹ⿴Ųرƾõļᱡ͸ɴʣ˴ŵ˶
·ҲûвĵһֱӱֻܿϸıӰһɫİ£Ŀ¶ѩ׼
һ˼ıӰÿʱİ
̧ÿǲ㰭۵ɴʣ̲סԴϵЩʲôʱֻŵ˶ͻȻˣƭӣƭӣǸƭӡ
Ķһ٣ֱӴո˿컣лɻ𣬲֪ͻȻֵĴƭӣǸʲô˼
ĵѵѾˣǲӦðҪ淢ˣ˵ӦӦӣҲһϲɡ
ûôһµʱ򣬴ϵ˶ֿʼ˵ˣǸղһǱ˵ġ
ֻ˵ý˼ҵģȴûسŵĹϾǸƭӣƭӡ
⡰ƭӡ֣Ȼ˵ģҧȴճ˶ѡ
仰˵Ĵƭʲô˼Ū˰죬ĴƭӰ
һ뵽ԼѾĳ˿ĴƭӣԼúЦˣҪûʵĴƭˡ
ƭӣƭӣԺҲŴƭӵĻˡ
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̲סЦ˭Ǵƭӣ޵İ˵˵˭ǸسŵĴƭӡ
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ֻһ𾪵ĿųԼĿС죬һŵģʡʡϡôôˡ
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һߵĴϣһЦһõǰ˵˵޲Ӧѽ
죬һʱ侹֪ôشһƬ
ǸǸ檸ո˵ˣǲˡ
ü¶һЦЦЦݵ˵ء
һ˵⻰¶ʱҪˡ
ֻǰһѱס˿ĸ첲һϾһذɣ´Ҳ˵ˣϡ
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˵˵ţ˫һۣȾһƬɣţ˫ʱü䣬ƯĲƯУʼˮˮۿɼٶȣʼΡ
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ֶ˶٣֪⻰òţոջŵҪھ͸жˡ
˵ûйʲôʱ˵ûйˣģûûһ㣬ɻûء
˵ǹ˵ٻء
㻹˵ǴƭӣԼ̫ԩˣĪĲ㱳һƭӵĳƺš
¸ϽҡҡͷСԴͲҡС˹ˡ
ֻæǣǣϲǴƭӣǴƭӣ˻ϣسŵôǴƭء
Ҫ˵ǻǿޣ˸ľǽˡ
ЦҪǲأǲǾͳ˰Ĵƭӡ
¶ʱ֪ôشˡ
˲ǴƭӣĻ϶ǴƭӰ
ֻུϲ𡣡
ðɣҪǲǸƭˡ
ЦǺǵǰˣ԰ԺͲܹ޽дƭˣ֪𡣡
¶һЦǵȻԺҪʳԵĻǲǾͿ˵Ǵƭء
˵꣬˫һգգĿ۾ôػ
̱ı鶺Цˣǻ˵޾Ϳ޵˵ЦЦҲһĹ˰
˵ʵڶʼɣոյᣬǹģΪԭ
ϾΪʵۣǺٻ˵ġ
е׵ЦǸ޵ЦҲҿ޿㰡Ƥˡ
˵Ż̧ÿµǣʾͷ


56 
ɱѾЪ£Ǳ΢΢ǴĶ
ֵҹȥ쳣Ǳʲôأôô˻Ъ£ֳ˶
ԸתȥһʹżֲȻɫˣ
Σʡ
ӲͷƤصү쳣ǱߣոյĶǹڸү쳣׼ˮʱġ
һֻһү鹬ô֪¡
һµ档
Ҳ̫ˣһûӣû鹬֪ͨһ˵쳣ڴ
ȷϵġ
ֻһؿ²
үʲôʱģ
ӦǹԿǰġ²
ɵԵЩˣ֪ˣȥɡ
ǡתҡ
һߣֻȫǱһ㣬ɻȥĶ쳣ʲôãǰÿ˹ز˵ھȻһ춼Ъ
*
գһ˯мʲôʱߵĶ֪
һ߰Լ˯̫һźϴѩʲôʱߵģߵʱϿ
ѩ֪ʲôصîʱߵģӷİɣū澿ɫܺãߵʱ򣬻صؽūǲҪ˯ء
ҪпķԸЩūŵģҷĵôһֱ˯ţżæŵĽԼ취ˡ
Ͼӻ˯ǲĲŹء
˻ϵķԸǾͲһˣϵʱı飬мʵġ
̧üģ´λעŵɡ
ڿеϲ˭֪Ժˣ᲻Ϊµİѱѽ
ױã´ѩ
簲û֪ͨȥ밲Ҫ׼ʱ밲ġ
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䶨ԭΪһֱ˳۵ԬڣôҲأû뵽λҲ֪ĸˣû˵ȻѺõЦЦ˾乧ϲ
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󣬶ʱˡ
ðԭԹ˵ֶξͲǺУڻʡ֣Լء
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ԲҸ
ԲҲ˵
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¿ɵã˵ЦˣǸӣͲڳˣԬڲԸ
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һǱүҹӡ
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˵ʵǰϿû˯ţ첹һľϿҲǵ°ҹԺ˯š
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֪ģΪѳŰء
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Ϊ׼֪ӦòٹߣҲٷӣԣϣǬ幬ǱûдκϢʱҲƽľĽˡ
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ڸȣѾһسͷҪǿټ㿵ʲôԼþˡ
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ȴǸոպãһҲ׵Ĵڣڿмֳ谮ϲĴ
ƽĹգһ쿪ʼȹһ죬ţٹʮ£ȵ죬Ӧĸˡ
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Ϊˣ֧һʲСǮ
ǮҲʡĻѣҪ뻨ȥġ


57 
̧ͷʵʲô飬ôţ
ƽڴϴżֿ־ӵĻǵǱ߳ˣ˶֢˷͹
⻰һڣ˵¾ˣǵµѩ֮ңҲͣĻƣΧ˹
ʼѯƽĵ˶֢̫ҽȷûС֮Ļ
֪ƽΪʲôˡ
ƽ˵Ķ֢ʵ컨һִȾԼǿĲ֢֮Ŀ֮ǿĭͽӴȾʼߣҲʱ̸֮ɫصһߡ
ر峯߲㣬̸ɫ䡣
峯ڣ컨峯岻֪ȵү˳Ρ˳ε죬кܶ峯壬ɥ컨֮֡
ǿֵܽãҲһ컨˳λǸù컨ûȥĪĹϵ
ô˲ˣȥ߸ǲ
ԣ峯ңϽǵ̫๬Ůһ˵컨Ϳ־֡
ƽģ̫ҽѾȷˣ󹬶ѾĻ̻̣˵֪ûнŲȥֻǷ͹֮󣬻ȥǬ幬ˡ
ǰֻҪ˵컨ҪŲȥģȻ˵̫طiǸ⡣
ƾʲô̫һܲ󹬵ˣɣҪ˵ں󹬻вٻӻŮСûֹһСıȾϣǼֱ·һ
ǲûдӦʡ
ƽӵĲ²ⲻûдӦĻ˳
µΪβϧðŵķգԭˡ
ϥµʮֻһ룬Ϊ䲻ԭ򣬻ûֶ䣬컨ûκһȾϣֱҪ
Ҫ˵ڶﻹһҪǱȾϣҲһʬ
ɺµܲҿɹãλݸߣͲµϧֱӱеĿˡ
Ҫ˵ΪʲôȥǬ幬ʹûȥܸİЩϵ
ȻЩҲֻµĲ²⡣
ȻĻ̻̣ƽС˳ܲܣͲҪˡ¿ƽ
˵꣬תѩ֮ˣҲǣͷҲһ
æӦǡ
˵ʵܣҲˣһ洫Ⱦ컨ˣ϶һ㲻ȥ
㲻ΪԼΪԼӣǸСĵҲҪСһ㡣
ƽ뿪ѩó߿಼ϣʼָ֮˿֡
ѩһߴߣһʵӣⶫԷζ֢𣿡
ͷҲδ̧ĲϺŷܶȷĻصӦܵһɡ
Ĳ˵ӦܵסһЩк塢ζĭߵĿڱǣһ¿ȵȡ
ҪȻǰʱΪʲôҽԺͺö˶ϲء
˵Ŀָҽÿûȣʱ㣬ӦùòɣԼĬĬһ䡣
ʤȥ͵ͼﰲο
ûãҲʲô򣬾ͶɣȸƽС˳һܣɱǴȾϵĻ󡣡
˵ǲܣЩ飬ȥУҲֻˡ
׷£ô廨һ֣ʱĹ򣬾Ѿüˡ
֮ĸɫĸƽС˳ȥϢϢٶ
ѩҵҺ͹ڶ߾ԶҪȻū澻ͦµġ
°οſİɣӦзִ硣
ŲȥӦǿ˼ǹľ
˵ˣŲ˳ȥ۳Ͷ٣Ҳã൱ֱӶ̡
ڹͲһˣп͵Ատţߵź˾ٿ־壬ٺ£Ҳ͵ˣȥź硣
˵һ
ѩĺ˵ϲûִأǰӻŮ컨ҲûϷֵóˣͱòһˡ
죬Ҳû˵Ĳǡ
ֻ˵ԸЩ
룬ɲ˵Ȼ峯ʷ˽ֻڿαЩ崩С˵ʱǿô崩С˵ģҪǼǵòĻϥ³İ磬ֻʮʮİ磬ȴ硣
˵ʲô˵ûг꣬Сʱпزˡ
ʲôʡ
ѩʱס֪ôȻ
ҲǣӺ˽֣ǹ˵ʱҲǽм缸ĽţԼһʱ벻Ҳпԭ
ֻ˵ģǲֱֵġ
¼ɣԼĵطʲô˵ġ
ѩҲǣ㿪ڵˣطָ͸˼
˵˴С˵һ˼ָλ˼
û뵽ѩһˣȻ֪Щ̲סĵЦûҼѩȻôࡣ
ԣѩ¶˼ֲ˼
ū澶ö࣬ūһȥ԰÷ʱСŮ죬͵ġ
ĵԭˣֵɾʹˡ
ǲ֪ε컨ΪģԼõġ
һûһĸѩ磬ѩУ֪һЩ顣
طǳ̫طi֮⣬ڹÿ谮һ磬Ϊ֮ʣĵ֮λ
ΪˣԼٳİ磬ˤˣ»ˣ۰Ĳˡ
ҲǸõģֲʧͯ棬ܵÿϲ
һ㣬岻Ǻܺãһֱӣر꣬ܺµˣüεϥµֲ˵Ļ
ɼλĲǺܺá
أǵҪ컨֢
ѩУҲ֪컨ʵҲǿԤģ硰ֵֶֶֻĲǰ֪ġţǡ˶
Ȼڵֶǲܱ֤߰ٷ֮ȫġ
ǲֹ˶첻ԸƫƫȾˡ
һಡĺ˵Ⱦ컨ֱ͸ûʲô
֪Ĳ֮³˵͵̾˿֮⣬ҲǺް취
ţȻԼ֪ţȡ˶ȫҪպлĻⷽоо
ֻôÿţ˶ãҪɹ˵Щѵġ
ǰԺ󻹵ó衣
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رǹȥǬ幬ÿ컨Ų⣬Ա˰Σ֮󣬸ֵЩĻ̻̣֡
ɳ˼ҲʼԼߵĹ˲Ҫ߶ر͹⼸Ǳ͹컨˵
ÿ˲ѷҪ͹Ļ·ߣǶԶԶģԾӴ͹ͲӴ
ϥлӻŮɣԹ͹ĵԹʱӦùȫ֣ڹ˸Ļ̡̻


58 
Ȼ˷͹Լù컨ڵ̫طi컨ʱչʮ죬Ƕ컨µġ
ⲻһ͹æִ֮ù컨ǰ̫ˡ
ʱĵΪطĲ飬ſڿһĬĬᡣ
˵һӾͲÿһ޵ʱ滨꣬ˣһֱ˸У
ټһĸĳΪչֵİˣҼ
ĵϧ֮飬һһ¸ŵĺ󱳣ο
涵ʿүǵطһСһǶȥĶԲԣ
涵̧ͷſ˫ƯӺǳ·ֻҪ˵ᣬܸһ㡣
˵СߣĻŮֻ¾ûˡ
ĵÿϧҲ˵ճӳزʱҲ޵ĸϡ
οģǵطһģǶȥģģıɲҲù컨ޣͦ˹ţطҲһͦġ
Ļʹ˵ͷ̧ŵ۽ǵΣү˵ǣطһͦȥġ
ּǿģÿָ߿˵һۡ
ڵֻܺúտСţ򲻿ɴˣط̫ҽ͹ˣţµġ
ѾЩӲܶæҪ͹տط񣬵û컨ܽӴӣͷĵ㣬ط֮Ӧúܿͺˡ
ҲΪʲôûͬ⽫طŲԭ
ط̫⣬ϲİ磬ټӴС۰һЩ
컨۾͵ˡ
ʵʼʱҲɹط컨飬ǲǺĸΪɲһȦȴûзʲô쳣ա
οõֽ䣬Ŵˣֱȥסںطȥˡ
Դط컨ȷ֮˾ͱŲ˺Ժ
˵ﲻ˼ɣҲˣÿ˶ɫҰף˫Ų֪ĽŲоһ컨ľԼһ㡣
ˣŴ˵㾫񣬸Ͻ¹
·ûЩһ㣬ֱ߹ԣŴ󲽽˺
ڸطεļ̫ҽˣҪʱֱӱֹסˣʼѯطĲ顣
⼸λ̫ҽ̫ҽԺʥ֣ʱҲǱѼϼܣϵġ
ʱ϶Ųֻ¶һ۾ͶͷҪֳܿĻ֪Լִ֣ǵ棬֮ͬ
ż̫ҽ㱨һüͷû뵽طôա
Ҳǣطڸֲ϶֡
̫ҽ̽һطĲҩŹȥһط
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Դʮһ֮󣬾һֱӣϥµҪ컨Ͳֳƿˡ
Ȼںͬǳʱ濴ȥȵҪóһЩ棬ϥµ磬ɱµ尢;Ű˼õĿ۰Ҫöࡣ
һԵ͸ˡ
ںˣ컨һֱӣùȥ˵ء
Ҫǰȥ˵һĵĺϢ
û׼ûˣ۰ͻתСϣҲ˵
һߴӴ࣬ùһĺĴӭŵոһ߿ڵЩҲ֪ôһ£Ůİ念֮⣬һһӹǺ񶼲ôãǵֲ
Ů¾ûˣǰĻʾŮҲôãǵҪ컨
⵹ùӣãֻõеһƴˡ
˵˼ǰĺ󹬻ɸڵĲܱȣʱ󹬶ңټϻϺС»زʸߣҲпԭ
ڵɾ벻ͨˡ
ԣЦһҵģǰİ磬Ϊλݣžͻ磬磬֪㣬չһֻ࣬˻ŮԭΪͣһˣû뵽θ֣ճûأֻ˻ʾŮһһģСС壬ܺòŹء
˵˽Ӷรɣ⺢һӲãǾͲǸˡ
˵ɣҪСʮһϵͻȻŰ̫껹ûٻһ̥
˵ϵļ֮ɫŨϾٻˡ
Ӧ˵һٻˡ
ȴмȻӣʲôʱû취ֹɡ
ͿŰɣҪûˣϿ϶Ϊȹ̵λٻһ̥ġ
ʵ˵һֱܺ棬ôƵƵУһֱղġ
ɸƵƵӣԵЩϵıֱ̫֮ˡ
ĻһڣղŵӦòɣ⺢ӣ˵ͻϵģ˵ˣûˣǻİ𡣡
һ뵽⼸ӵƵʣԼո˵ڵĻֲȷˡ
ĵᣬôܲᣬڵ϶֣˭˽⣬ĺݣ󹬿ûܱȵ
ֻЦİ磬İҲ¹ŮФģҪ뷨ʹ϶˺ĶС
뵽ʹİǻᣬ͸һ龰ڻǵء
ɻʹ岻ãչİϣӦûɡ
Цʹûɱо
ǸﴫϢΪʹһֱ岻ã١ѾɫѡҪǸã׼ͽˡ
Ҳò˶ðʹܼãأҲҪһ󹬽ˡ
մ㵣һʱûԼӵ˼Ҳû͡
ͻȻʵˣ˵컨ΪɵģԼõġ
飬Ӧòһ˵ʣӦ˵Ҳ˵ʡ
ʵڽӵϢҲ˼ǹ⡣
˲ҳǸıҪƤӵ飬˵Ӧò
ɼȻ黹Ƿˣֻ˵㣬һȷʵû˶֣Լõ컨һأҪ컨Ϊɵģֻ˵صļͿûв
ΪȻôʲôԼõģǱµģ˵ǰһ
Ӧ˵ֹһҪʧ˰ӣλĲȵɡ
ͳ޸ĸľһˡ
뵽һصĽ㽻ȥĹˣСŵ㣬»ˮ㡣
СźСʮһôСһۺӣó裬һùĶӵǿˡ
ոϽӷıǣԴ컨߶Ĺ˿֮٣ҪĸҪˮ㣬ǿ϶һץš
˵ͷǾͺãҲܴˡ
æӦǣ˵ôĻЩˣַ£Ϣ


59 
´ѩ֮ңæ֣˸ƽС˳ȥһҲ
˾ǿ
ƽĿֲͬǣĿ֣Լһɵģѡϣü󵽷ƳɳƷ֣֮Լɵġ
ֻǳɹôһ㲻⡣
ԼĿ֣󿴿ҿһ˺üۣǣҪôһĿ֣ȥǬ幬
ȥ֮󣬿ˣ᲻Ȼһӣ˵һʲôⰡ
һ뵽Щˡ
룬ȻôãҲ࣬һһַİ
ѿôˣѿҲһ⡣
ԣһᣬ۾һգװһţõ֣ŵ˽ոҳĺľ֮ҽƽ
ƽ֮½ľ֣صķŵ
һǬ幬ܼܹã㽫ӳȥ֮󣬾͸ǰ˵Ķ֪Ҫ͹֮һһ߸ϷƵģ˵ʲôöҲ΢ڵһ
ԣƽʱԼӵ˼ҪͶ
һ뵽Լӣڻĸѩѧϰ߻£мִģѧߣĶܿ
Ȼ֪ƽ룬ǰҪ뿴ʲôĻǿˣһҪ˸ǣģҵĻɼˡ
ƽϽصӷģūżסˡ
ѩƽװӵĺɰȥ
ƽŶһ·СܵȥǬ幬
㲻͹ãջ·ء
ټںҲǵó裬кɰſܿǰ̫ȥȥˡ
ҪȻ˶ûС
Ź˵쳣˸Ͷˣⶫ쳣ģ档
Ϊվ͹Ĺϵڶأ쳣ڵǴ󵨣ϸͶжǲѽ
ʵЩˣطأ鷭ӳѽ
Ȼûң̸ǴȾ컨ء
Ź˽
ǰ̫˵үȥƽֱӸɵˡ
ΪԼһǰܼܹܾѾײˣû뵽ֱȥ
ƽźľӣһ߸·ǰ̫Ǭ幬ڵߣһ־ϲ˵
ҪԼ߻ûġ
ڣƽǹظͷڿ֮Ž½Ƿ˵һ
ĿӣŹ⣬ƽнӹľӣȻ򿪺иǣʸĿ
һۣûʲôóһʯɫֳʼϸϸ
ȻûʲôţǲЦ
ĵ쳣ڿڿ˵ָƵĶҲ̫˰ɣûκҲͰˣôſҲôֲڣ͸ոѧߵһ
뵽ͻȻ뵽ʲôЦˡ
ȻǸѧߵǰЩӵʱϵۣɲ֤
տʼѧߣǺʱֺࡣ
²ƽʲôã
ƽͷһϲû뵽ԼĶզأȻû˵ӻͦˡ
Ͻһ߸ֵ÷һֱȻŸô
󻹲˼һ䣺˵Ҫ͹Ҳûʲôܰæģڵһ²õĶϵĿڱǡ
ƽĽͣʱá
ĵϵ˼ⶫ͸̫ҽϵǿ鲼һ
ֻ˼ɣ΢һǸϵֱӸĳ˹ϣŸ㣬ʵһЩ
ΪΪܵˡ
ȥӣܺã޺ϲ⣬Ҳˡ˵ֻһתϴżϷŰĿǵ߻ţЩ̫ˣҪڼϰһ¡
Ź
ƽ
ðɣү˵ĺеô˾Щء
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ƽ궫ļ˿һ󣬾ͺ˷ܵĻصĽչ
˵ԽӼʱ򣬺ǸˣԼûƽһˣԸƽģ˵λүĸǰмġ
ţƽ˵˿Զ⣬ϲ֮Ŀ佱󣬸Цտ
ֻǵƽ˵˵Ǿ䣬߻̫ˣҪڼϰĻ֮µЦݾͽϡ
ÿ˰ǲŮӿģҪ˵ʲôʵѽ֮󣬻Ҫٸơ
̫ˡ
ĺһ뷹˸ȡ
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ƽС˳ȻˣвٹϢԴԴϵĴ͹Ǳߴ
ͱմϢ˵ߵźˣֱεˣģǱ紫Ⱦ컨ˣٱ磬ŲǰԺһСӦ˷ȵ֢״ǲҲǸȾ컨ףȵȡ
һʱ䣬ԽĻֲ̻̣ʵϢɡ
Ҳ֪͹ŶرˣأÿҪƷֱӷſڣ淢飬Щô֪ġ
ֻ֮ЦЦʱҲѩ̽һ£ЩϢЩģЩǼٵġ
УǴļˣߵĹ
˵ߣʵ̫ҽԺǱõҩģͨѬ֮пռ
оǷҩˣ͸ǰԤð࣬ǿ忹ҩԤͿƼȾ
һ֣Ҫʵʵ̫ҽָʾвһϾ˭
ں󹬽Žܷ߹ʱ򣬽žʹһ𾪵Ϣ绹ûˡ
ȥٶ֮죬˶š
ϢʱţƽϢ֮һû
Ȼ컨ʱѾ׼ʱţҲпԱ߿ţô̫ҽԺ̫ҽţ԰ȥ
պܻӲزˣܶһһ꣬԰ɡ
ֻû뵽ûܶȥôССûˡ
ò꣬һȥˣ϶ˡ
˵ʵֹģԴȥ֮ûֹͣʹ
Ҫ˵֮ǰÿιǰֵ滨꣬Ϊ˲ȡһ˿ϧ֮飬ڵʹ飬ˣʹ̫ʵˡ
Ͼ粻İ磬İǻʹģûһ죬ĴҲָûжĸ֮顣
粻һһ쿴ųϤŲôĺӣÿʣĽŽţϵĸ㣬ιԡ
ң粻Т˳ĺӣǸٳĺӣôܲϲ۰ء
СĸΣ˵˾ˣˡ
ʱ޵Ǹγϣ棬Ҳ˲ʲôˣֱڿιȥüΣֽ֮ſޡ
ȥҲĲѡ
ط̫֮⣬۰һ磬ڲյĹ˵ûûˣôܲѹ
Ѿ̫ӻŮȥĳĳ𡢳졢롢طҪСĻӻŮ˵ȥȥˡ
ģûᣬֻĬĬѹ
͹һ߿ο벻ĵһ񸮵ˣ£Ͼ粻ǵ컨ȥģǸزĻӡ
Щźˣôƴ᲻дȾ컨ߣȵȣһ
ҪȻϽǶҪǣ
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ԸɣȻôģرЩ֪ϸһЩɣһЩֶκǿۡ
ҲеΪеϧõƣò磬ȴҪĲ˵ȥȥˡ
ֱ̫ˡ
ʣµһСɣ²ؼ߸߹ֻҪ컨ᴫȾ󹬣вǵǲŲ˭˭ء
˵ˣүĺӻĸͨˣҲӣŹˣҲŮɣЩһӵģֱڶӾû˵ɣֶֻ
ֲǸ⡣
Ҫǣôƾ磬λأֵͨģ޵ĵطûС
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˵ˣΪزĻӣô˳ݣöȥĸǣݶûйء
ȻЩҲֻ˽û˵ʱֹֹ˵Լߵĸ˵һ˵򲻸õ˵ġ
һĶǿɾͻˡ
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ΪزۡûгĻӣ¼ɻĶ࣬Ҫ˵ǵ컨ûģֻܻ𻯺ջᡣ
ֹ˼գز۵£ںеȶҲʼ˴¡
֮ǰΪ֮£ȴٳûлָһпȥ͹οʧӵĵȥˡ
ɣһʵ̫ˡ
һɶԵԹּһ㡣
û˺ӣһʱĲޣܰӣУΪɣ϶˼ŵ飬ޣĻ޵ļʣɾʹˡ
ڵãֱĴûᣬȴӲı赲ˣôû
ȴãͦá
ԽԽȣҪǹĻǻܾܵ治ϲ
ϲϣ򿪴һȣƵĸԼŷжˡ
ϲĶʹ壬Ϊ̫ȵԭ򣬶ѧϰȡ
û취һƾ٣ʵûҪȵʱƴΪԼѵ
ںɰſܷͷƵʱ򣬹ִϢ
ⲻƽһӵϢ֮󣬾ͣԼӡ
Ҳҡˣһȵ˵ʲô¸ҪѲ⣬Ϣ׼׼
ʲô׵Ĵ԰ɡ
ƽЦӷģϢԿɿūŴǰĹģ˵ҪȥĻڻϹʱ̽һ̽Ͽڷ硣
⡪¶ʱЩˡ


60 
͵ҪѲϢһʱ֪Լȥǲȥ
˵ȥɣ·;ңԶ۳Ͷ٣ʵ̫˵ȥɣﻹмΣϣȥ֮ڿǰ¶¶
Ȼ⻹һҪǰᣬȥĻҲÿͬ˲С
ڵʲôǿȻ󹬣ɴȥĶǵ͹һλү
˵ˣˣҪˣȴͬһȥʱ϶ŪΡ
ԣȥǲȥҪú˼һ
ƽϳѲ⣬˾ûУ
ƽҡҡͷûأ˵³
һʱ䣬ڸոѮҪ³ߵĻҲǻʮʱ䡣
˵ͷˣ֪ˣȥ󣬲ҪҺúлл
ʱû̫ǮҪĻɾͳ˻ǮǬ幬Ϣʵˣȳ飬ȵ̫鹬ּʱ򣬶ǮأǸǮǹġ
ūסƽתȥ
ƽһߣҲټҡˣǷԸߵѩȥ߿£ټ塣
ѾˣȥóɣȥɣҪڿǰʮڣһģĺɰ͸
ĲرãҲҪλүӡ
ѩЦŴȤӲ˵ҪѧôͻȻˡ
˵꣬Ҳ˵ϽŵĨ͵μ߿ȥˡ
ԣЩЦãѩŵԽԽˣȻҴȤ
ֻƬ̹ѩͶ߿ЦŶҲȤˣǸϽó汾ôʮ֮ڣһɰɡ
ʮ죡ѩһ˼ʱҲ̫Щ
Ҳ֪ʱ̫ô̵ʱڣĴӣ岻ʲôÿĺɰڲû취ֻѡٳˡ
ɣֱѡһͼأͽôͼ֮󣬿϶ɣģӦҲ̫ѿˡ
ѩ룬ԼҲС
Ͷ˿ʼѡ͸ɰ
Ůɰ͸ӣȻҪԼһǻ⣬ͼôҲҪһʲô˼ǲǡ
һҪѡͼҲͼˣ޷ǾǱ֦ԧ졢˼ӡϻȵȣ⼸ѡ
һ˼ͼԧ졢ֵģ˵΢еѣ˼ѡһͼ
ͼɫ򵥣ֻмɫͷɫҲ֣׺һЩ
֪ԼмＸأȻѡ׵һ
˵Ϊʲôѩֱһõ͸أ˵ʵûӡ
Լ͸ĶֻԼģжôѿǶǴԼһ⣬ʵûбҪŪ١
ٵľǼٵģһ첻СĴˣ϶ںŪǺαء
˵ˣʲôĺöû˵ıһ񣬻أﰲοԼ
ѩһ߽ôҶһʵӾãϻȥ𣿡
˵ʵЩ˵ģȻϣԼӸŻȥģôǲ˵ˡ
һأܸŻһѲģ඼ǹȽܳ裬ڻǰмɡأ⣬ȥ٣Ҳʹżʱ࣬ĸɲ⡣
أȣƵƵΪøУӲãʱ
Ժ˵׼ˣһӣʱóӣû磬϶Ҳ裬ԼҪг裬ؾЩϼˡ
ҪǸŻȥ⣬ǾͲһˣʱʱڻϸǰ¶棬һ¸飬˵Ժڹӻôһϯ֮ء
ԣȥſȥ⣬ѩһٶʮȥġ
µͷɰͷҲ̧˵׼ȥǲȥҪϵ˼ȻϳѲϢһ󹬵ɣ϶Ҫɹͨˣֲ߲͵ģȥĻеѡ
Ӧ˵ֹеѣ̫ˣгʱն̣ûʲôЩŻ˵ʵһʤ㶼ûС
ѩһĶûУ̼ˣҪȥɣǿôĺá
ȥ⣬ɣټʱ䳤ˣ֮󣬿϶Ὣ¸һɶ
Ȱ㼱ҲûãŰɣȿ˵
鼱ҲȽ˼Ū˵ɡ
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ҪѲϢܿں󹬴ˣϢͨߣѾ֪˿˴γѲ̫һѡûȷ
һſһȥɣȻǴ
ѩֻҪȥˣͿĻᣬ϶ڹҪĶ࣬ҪٺһĻ˵Ϻö޻ء
ԣôܷŹôõĳͷء
һʱ䣬ڸԵ޹ʾ֭Ŀʼ˷ӣÿһѲ⡣
ƽˣһ뵽ľ̫ӡ
Ȼ̫ҪȥΪ̫ӵĸǲǿ̫ڿǰΪ˵仰ء
Ҫǣ̫лУÿ谮Ļӣ㿴̫ӵϣֻҪ̫ӿڣӦòܾ
ԣһʼжľƽˣϽɹȥع칬Լ˼̫֪ΣҪΪڿǰһᡣ
Ҫ˵ԿѲ£ƾˣӣܸһѲҲͰˣһǡ
˵³Ѳ⣬³ķΧɾʹˣ³һʮ³Сʮһ³Ĺ£Ȼϣʮһ֮ٳȥġ
Ҳ֪һߣһղߣҲһ˵ģѲ񣬲ߣߵġ
ó裬ҲϣԿԼҪֻܵſ˵ϾʱδҲʮһ֮ߣҲ˵
Ϊ֮׵Ļ̫Ӹſһȥ֮ȻĴ󰢸磬ҲһҪһȥ
ȥȥģ治ںȥˣҲֲޣĴ󰢸磬ڿǰ¶¶ء
ûȥҲϣԼȥ
ԴǰŮû֮һ˫ŮĿԽСģر磬ײ뿪Լߣи̣޳Īⶼܡ
ڻʹ͹أһӲãһУ۳Ͷ٣;ȥҲȥˡ
ʣµľˡ
֪ڿûôӣϢҲֻǿЦøʲôʲôȥˡ
мССӦſһȥ˼ϧǱ»磬ҲǵԵλ˵ϼ컰ͷлλûʲôð취Ǹһȥ


61 
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ڣϴһضװϴµĻƻľȦϣįһһߣŻһֻٰè
ϵı飬ʱĲᣬգۼ䣬ֱܿһֺʹıȡ·ŬѹŲõ顣
Ҳ֪ǲʶͣΪʲôֻèͻȻһĽ
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ӣû¶ɣèûɣ
˵ŻϽ´һ
˵ոèеңĵǵûбè˵һѣƽٵó裬ҲûеҪ
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֥һҵû¾ͺãû¾ͺãū澻ء
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ҲܲطѾȥʵ
ֻ֥һģſЦ𣬱ƫƫǵԸ
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λĸλɣϥ綼ûеĸλУֻбϥû˰磬ǣ֪ôЦء
һ뵽ԼϥΨһİûˣΨһûаλҹߡ
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ֻʲôǰǣһǣСЬ䣬ʱӦֱһ
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ֻСĸΣİ磬ˣͱ١Ǹ˵Ķӣ١Ϲ
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һ֥ʱһ֪ôϲİ磬û뵽ôĲϲ
ŵոնİ񣬲㶼Ϊĸ֮ʲôأǰǣҪġ
Լϵһ⣬ô
֥벻׵İΪʲôôʱ򣬵ϺȻ¶һŹֵЦݣҪǲеôġ
˵꣬Ҳûм˵İʲôôֻ΢䣬¶һ׽͸Ц
ŵŹֵЦݣ֥ͷһԼոնˣͲӦڵǰİ硣
˵ʵǴһʼһֱŵĸŮǰûʱżҽ͵ĸ˵ġ
ԣûóʱ򣬷һЩ飬ֻиŵĲ²⡣
Ҳ˵ڻûɵʱӦù˼Ŀӡ
ҲǵԸǰµԭ
Ϻָֻ֥ܿΪոڵϿĹŹЦǼٵġ
Ϊû˵ʱ򣬵ͻȻԸǸҩطҳҩĿʼץҩ׼ˣͿʼÿռȰɡ
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رǻŮֻ¾ûˡ
˿֪ܲԭ򣬵Ϊĸٻܲ²⵽һЩġ
⸱طǺãŮ˿ٻУŮ˵ղΪӶٵ˥ϣҲǻĸá
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֥ȰӲ˵⼸궼Ҫúӣٺô
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İָֻҪһȫȫżҵİ磬١ϵİ硣
ң˭ףλôģ¹Ůļڵ֮λΪжϲֻΪΪ˺üӻŮڵλϡ
ô꣬Ҳ˭ףٶĳ谮Ҳûһס
껪ţĳ谮᳤ãǻᱻòȡ
иͲһˣӰĳ̶ȣɱҪˣҪȻʹôߵλݣΪʲôҪ踹ӣİ磬Լϥء
֥ΪĸףҲ˵䣬ѵʲôֵѡ֮ˡ
ʱòһˣ޵ĻֻԽԽ٣ټһһ󣬻ϻӵļʣҲԽԽС
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ҪȻλһȵ
⡪֥ɣһѡˡ
ȻѾزҲ֥һŮ赲ҪʲôˣûټȰ˵Ӧū澾Ͱӵ˼ᾡ콫ҩҩıȫġ
ŵ˵ͷʱȥţǧҪ˿ӣƳʲô
Ҫ֪ôһӵط˵ôú֪ˣҲһ¡
ʱӵɣҪӣǸǲء
ӷģūһСĵġ
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֥ס֪ǻĹŹЦ˼ˡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻŵ˼Ҷȥˡ


62 
ڵô컳ϰ磬Ÿʹµʱ򣬺Ҳʼʾ֭ôÿӦǳѲˡ
ֻôҲû뵽һӦѡǸʧ粻õĵ
Լе㲻Żס
ֻڿǰ¶һѻģԼڣ˵һѲ⣬ÿԳȥɢɢġ
ϢһɶʱĽˣЩ˵£˵ʧ˼һү谮ӣԼûڸҪȥأүԼһѲɢɢˡ
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̧һˣȵһ˵Ļܿõһֱںάֵףһȥ
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˵ܸſһѲ⣬˵Ǹ֮ϲ
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ƽԴӽӵԼӷԸĲºκĶ֪ôߵǬ幬ġ
һ·ϺԴԼⷨҲ̫ʲô˰ɣһκôи͸أʲôûУôһ仰ϵ棬ôôʵء
ʱܹܵ涼ͱ˰ɡ
Ȼƽϣûб̺ΪһαӼԭԸԳļŹ档
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63 
Źӵʣ̧ͷһۣ΢΢üͷʵʲô£Ҫ˵
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Źֹӣǲһۣͺ뺰ԩⲻҲү
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64 
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65 
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66 
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67 
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ڳԼûƯɼм֪֮ģʶʱ񣬻һӶܴﵽԼָ߶ȵС˵ҲͲΪˡ


68 
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Դطȥ󣬵ǵһγǰ
һضװǸմʧ֮ʹ߳ԽԵԼȻգ˵Ưģһˮˣȴϲײģ
յŻʹ١Ϻ͹ť»ϵĽ죬Ҳŵˡ
ǰʹ͹ֻǻʹŵα޹·ʲôûӣҧ߬ʹŲԼ˵ɡתͷȥٲԸ࿴һۡ
ʱ١־Ѿ߹пܻ̼ŭǬǰԱﵽԼĿġ
ʹǻᣬǳ˲ٵĿÿŭ֮󣬿ͺɲɵˣٱֳһ۸˵ģǺ֪
ٳڼҲ֦ʹ͹֮󣬾;վһȥˡ
һΣûбѵ룬ֻǸоһЩӰεĿ⡣뿴Ǻģɣкܶġ
Ҳµһᵽ˱رԴҲвõʱ򣬲Ҫܶ̽յһĴʱ򻹻ᱻһۿƢõĸλɣǻǺõģҪӷɣһǲء
ֳеڡ˺ƽˣλҪſѲɵǰ棬ѹտ⼸λĽʵġ
Ͼδڣֻţܼʥպ޵ļʣǿǴӲ١
ʮɵ룬ʼȴſʱ̫ĲǺܸߣ̫ȣҪȻ˻治һվס
վǬֵһңǰ˵Ĵӵ£ǵС
˲䣬ϵıͱ˸ģ¶ϲЦȻĿ
ǰ̫͡ϼݵ󣬻ʹͷϵĿأŹĲ£Żʹɵλ
ƽɣڻʹǰͣסŲȻڵ
лϣɿʼ̧׼䣬չڿǰȻգÿЦݣҲ⡣
ϧǰɵţҲֻܴӷ϶пİŲ
һɥжãھжƣŴģÿһ۾ͿأǰһﻹܿѽûһڴĻòˡ
Ȼûֳ棬û鰡
ߺ󣬹һ񣬾ͻʹ͹ˣ̫̫ͻ̫ʹ͹Ҳעŵ㣬ʹһֱãҲҪעһ塭
һ߸ʹЩλĵ𣬽飬һ̧ͷĵɨһǰͼݵɡ
ÿɶɫ޵װžµױݣͷθһһƯϵЦأһģӿ̳һ
ֻɨһʱλɵıеرλЦŵģм־ɥľ˾졣
Ȼ̲סһۡ
˭ʱ̲סЦˡ
ղһ棬Ȼֻ¶˰ʱͲ²ˣû뵽
룬ϸոյı飬Ϊվм俴ԼЩɥ
һ룬΢̣ͬʹȼλλ˵ʱϾʹ˼Ц⣬̧ͷλõƵҲࡣ
ھɥ󣬺̬ܿԼһ¶ǰɲֻ࣬аɺŹˣ΢΢һӣúõһЩǶȣܿġ
˵ý촩۵ĿԵ쳣Ӣϣôÿ
ңҲ֪ǲĴÿȻڸʹ͹˵ȴ̧ͷ˺üۡ
̲ס룬ߣ᲻ֻΪ˿һء
ΪײһʱԿǣЦһ¡
һ΢ЦµС࣬ʱͨͨǸо
ҪоһյĻ¾ãԼСһ͸ˡ
ΪԼһ΢ЦȺеĳ˺Сÿٴμʱ龰ﾹһ˿ڴ
ǰйо
ʹ˵ҪĻתɵĹУǰš
һӦ̣Ѿ
ģȻǵĽƽ˹ЩſһȥԱǵĳҲѾǵˡ
һߣǬֻʣˣȻٲҪһλɣǻʹȻǻߵһǰɶɾɴĶ飬ɣѾŹˡ
ոնΨһһλǶɱȰɾڿǰΪɹһеĶڣ˵Ҳֻǽһ㶨ڵ̥ѡ
λסҲסŵλļټûߵСɣߵĶǺ׳۵ģֱڹ˳Ķ顣
ֿʣŻ˲·˵վ죬֪λ˶񣬸оȶԼһ
ڻص鹬󣬰ɿҲ۵Ĳᣬټû˯ãֻԺ˵仰ͷ˻ȥˡ
һԼСѣȹ֮׼õĲˮһƽȥŷȡź󣬾͸Ͻѵϵĵɫ£˦ϵĻף˴оľº;Ьڵڵϣˡ
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ɱͿԼӲ˳ۣڻһߣ߻ʵԶģǸҸڣԼˡ
̾һ𣺡ӦòҰɣϿǰŸߡ
˵ôżû
˵ʵɽӣûҵ飬ոһᣬڶ͸ҸԼһλǻء
ѩ˭˵׼ūעŵ㣬ҲĴ㣬ǲģ˽ЩС⹬˭Ҳ˵ʲô
µ˵ͷѩ⻰ţ֮ǰҲҪȵ汥ӲУڶǰˡ
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ʹһصǬʸǰȥͼݵ٣ү˵ʱ̧ͷɵķ˺üΣɼǵãүĸܾү⿴ĳһˡ
Ȼ翵˵࣬ʱãĲʱ̧ͷǼۣм֣رǹǵĨЦ⣬омֹ졣
ԣٻһɵʱվĵλãͿ顣ֻΪˣվλòǺܺã˼Ƭ̣Ҳֻš
ū澵ʱû̫ע⣬ֻǵүľǹĳɵ鹬
ҪʱλҲǵүĸĶ࣬治жϣϾĶ鰤̫ˡ
ʵǻʹΪλдʣΪûоʱʲôԾǸԼ˵
ʹĬһ֣ʼ˭ó衣
Ĺť»ϵʱţĿ϶ʣгľɺͨ˻г裬ûгֻǹˣ鹬λ˰ûˣ˵óһ쳣ڣԼջ˵үȥλ쳣ڣء
ʱȻһǲȷ˵үʱĻ᲻쳣ڣ
ȻǺȷ쳣ȷʵкܴɣÿǰţջôã϶ǸмļƵġ
ҪǼһ٣뿴쳣ڵ׳ʲôģء
ȴмֲŵӵʱǲǿˣһСڣôүôǰעҲүʱֻ̧ͷɨɼۣҲ˵
Ҫ˵ǰרŹעһСڣںô꣬ⲻ̫ܣʲô飬㲻˽⣬Ҳ֪һЩ
ã϶Լˡ
˵ʵʹҲǺȷԼĲ²⣬Ͼ̧ͷ󣬶û۾Ȼ֪ʱɨǼۣɨ˭
أ־ÿʱ̧ͷĿ⣬Щ̫ƵˣÿοĲ໹ͬһλãŻд뷨
΢עŵ쳣Ǳ߰ɣٹʱ䣬͸˽ˣгԤϵ鷢
⼸Խã˵ˣĴҲ֪мûڼҪ˽ֹˣҪΪı·
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׻ʹĹǣó̫࣬ǰڶЩСɵó裬ԼӵأһòڵĹУò㲻ϳҲŸеȣҪ׵쳣ڣԼãүǰ¶Ļᣬִ˲١
Ҳû취£˰ɫ˵Ժүˣȱٵľòɣһѡ㣬㿴ŰɣһòŮýˡ
ԼΪǣҲ⼸֡


69 
鹬
ɿһţ˿ûһθڣŽͼݵ飬һơ
ʱķʱﻹһϲأź֪ķ֣ĸͲϡ
ӿζǲ˵ˡ
ԱȰҲһϣЩʳɡ
ˣﻹܳԵȥ溮˪ҲǴ󵨣Ȼҵôɵ棬үüȥģҿǻˡ
֪ɣʱûпڿϵģȴǳȷʱ̧ͷľϡ
ԣ֪ôԭˣΪɻΪϿû飬ûأû뵽תΪһˡ
ɻ˵쳣üȥģԼʲôѽûϵ
Ȱ˵ɿϵʳֱӷԸȥһŷһ쳣ǱߣʳϾͲչˣͰһ㳣ڷ׼ʳͺãүȥ⣬Ҫܾòܻ
֮£ɺܿ뵽ôԸ¡
ǸԵģһֱֱ֪ӶһڣԺ󻹸ҲҸԼܡ
ֱסû뵽үǰŸߣԼӾʹ쳣ڣڵķӣͦ
鹬˭֪쳣ϲʳԼֱ£ңһ㳣ʳʲôҲЩʱ߲ˣһ⣬ûʲôɳԵģ쳣Ѿθ˵ֱҪСѽ
Щɵ⡢ǲǲ̫ãү뿪Ǿ˶Դ쳣ڣ᲻˵лУһү쳣ڵʱٸү״үӡǲá
׵뷨
쳣ڻг裬ԼĻ˵ʵеү쳣ҪͼӴ׵˵үԿֻԼӣ϶Ϊǹ쳣ڡ
ȴΪȻû£ֻҪү֮ǰָɣʱ״ҲҪҵ˵ǲС
˻һֱӲ֪˵ʲôˣԼһٵôһǺαء
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˵ģгɣĸӭϲرɡЩûܳɵĹ϶쳣λݲߣʥɡ
ԼΪʲô벻ء
㿴ո˼ֶ˼ҵĺʳһνһεȥ˭ɡ
ҲˣͷϣûȰŪûԽȰԽʵ䷴
Ҳֻ̾һȥɷԸ飬Ȱ֮Ȱ˵ܲ쳣ڸԼĲǡ
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磬¾͸ܵ˵λĺŰϵһ̳Ͳˡһ벤һС뾬׷˶µġ
Щţţ
˵ʵѾˣжûԹʳˣԴ֮ŷǱ߾û˺Ū˰ɡ
ѩҲüͷվԱߵƽô£ӵţ
Ҳ̫Ū˰ɡ
ƽͷҲ̧֮ǰūŻʹϲ˵հߵȥŷҹһ֮ͷԸӵʳͰһ㳣ڵķ׼
˻һºѩʲôˡ
֪ɿܻжֻû뵽ô죬ǰŸߣž͸㡣
ѩ̫
Ҳðе㲻֪νû˽¸С
ߣãģȵģӦǻҪһ㡣
ȥС˳˵һʱ䶼͵һЩϸߣ˿ʼǲ˳ˣ֮󻹲֪ʲô۶ӵء
ǵһξûλðٲĪ˵ץסʺͱץסʺûӷ
ϾھԵʵǰôôһжȻͽͣԸӣԸеǸľż
ǲ֪Ⱳӻûлλ˵һӶҪڰɵħצ£гʱ򻹺ãɵͣû˿ĳ谮Ͱֲ׵ӣҪĥ
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һ뵽һ㣬¶ʱ̲סĵ׷
ƽԼӵ˼Ӧһǡ˳ڡ
ƽһߣѩ̲סҲ̫۸ˣûô˭ҵλһôСۣԹóɲŹţãôڴѹӣλġ
Ȼ֮ǰ׼ɿܻ˽¸Сֻû뵽죬ңԼӵĳʳ֡
°οˣˣ֮ǰ㲻Ѿ뵽ɻСڼȻˣҲ԰ˣٲĵģҰֶΣܱ˽ʹʲôֶΣҪöˡ
һ˵־ԼӦøлûģֻʳϲЩ
ѩ˾үһôʱ䣬Щܵˣո⣬Ҫûˡ
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ǰʱߵЩ˻ܸЩöӣӽ֮ҲҪһˡ
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½ӹӣȼһͲ˳˳
˵ɼףѡ⻰˵һ㶼Թζĸɫ֮ٳֳûζزˣȻڡ
رǵҲ֪ǲŷʦģˣȻζûţͲڣ峴Ͳ˰ɣͻ˲٣ֱͲǹʦģǸѧ˵ģӦ˵ֶĺóԡ
ģҪѽ
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˲óԣѩҲûȰ˵һЩùʳУװ˻ȥƽȥ
գŷǱһ׼Ķ׷ǰٶٶеĸˮŷǱҲϵˡ
ټȣķԽûʲôθڣÿֻԵĳ׷زˣ¡
һܳŵסѩ֮ҶЩˣȥվãԼҪһֱֻЩĻʱȿȫʣһѹͷˡ
أ£רȥһ£֪Ϊ˲õ⣬Ѿźüٶûкúù֮ͷǸѽ
ĵϲڿû˰ǿԼλãŻһóſλﶼˣⲻ֪еǷӣֲˡ
ȴмġ
쳣ȥҪΪ˵⣬ʲôëү쳣ڵ̶ܳȣ϶Թʵġ
ʱԼӿճѽ
ȻֻԼѹµϲУԴ˸⣬Ӧ˵ҪﵽĿģǾԽңĲŻԽˡ


70 
ʮһӵ磬Ҳӵӣѩķ£Ϊμ׼Ķɫ£ͷٴͱõǰɵ
ΪλΪʮһ׼Ǳͨʮʱɡ
춼ûúţվϯӿҪЩӻأȥܳŵסͶһߣѩԱһ
¾תһȦֻص˴ǰֻÿιڻǳԾϯʱ򣬲ܳЩóԵģ
ôоԼԽԽأ
ģ˵Ҳ֪ôֲɵЦŻص
ʵòµʳ˷ζãθڱ֮⣬Ҳкܴϵٹһʱ䣬ˣ㷹˲óԣҲܳԵȥ
⼸ûúóԷÿױվӵʱԼСЩˡ
ûһᣬɾʹ鹬˳·ϣŹ˹²ߣͷʵ˵ˣϧﲻʲôæ
ԼĹ̫˵֪ģҲû뵽ǰŸ뿪ɾȲ˽¶¸Сˡ
Сصȹ˺ԼͺãǧҪ֣ɱʱˣ۽һܿ࣬ʱҾ͸Ĳˡ
밲ʱΪŹΧ˵λѾԶŹŹҪ˵Ļⲻ˵ŪûҪԼۣһ˳ԿҲˣûŹҲһ
˴£ôǺ
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ٰһȰүӾͻˡ
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Ԭڣǵı߱˵Ļʱһ˿϶־һ˵λĻˣҪΪ֪
ó裬Ԭȴǡ෴ûбǬ幬޹֮΢һӣͷԹһ춼ûٹ
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ãֻҪµˣ϶ע⵽ĴڣϾ鹬ڣᣬÿûѡˣѡ
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ʱոµĴɫɴٻƵ£ͷ׵ĵĵͷ棬һӺݻ޴󷽡
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ʱЦӭǰϲļλɸˬʵ̸Цš
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Ҳǣʮһ磬ȴ˺üգûеȵʮһ֮ߣ˵Źء
󣬰ɴ鹬һ˸ڽС𡱺󣬰һ˵ŹϲĻһ߳񣬽󣬱ЩСɿʼһһˡ
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Сɣ̫ˣûʲôģҾҲá
ζЦô֪ܲеЩʱգү̷ˡ
һЩסôô˸оŤͺŴ޶С˵һ㡣
࣬һ㶼ࡣ
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²ɫйоصĽӻ̷ܹү檵ĸ֡
˵ʵĻ治֪ôӡ
ԣ΢΢ü֪⻰˼˼ǹװû
ⶼûϵѾӣү֮϶ЩƷ֪ĳʲôģġ
ҪΪү죬ΪүǲɣҪôʱ䣬쳣ЩС޵Ļᡣ
֪ĸ־ͺãˣȥɡУԾĴһʢ˵Ŀǡ
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Ź˱곤ҲǴںmõɣЩȻ¿ףЩ˿ЦˣҲֻԼó裬ñ˵óѣʵﻹĽĽý
УȻû˵仰ɵʱ˵㲻ôã±ƺסˣٶԺ˼
¼ŹΪԼĵģ¶Щж
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ɲյʲô˼һģԺλݸˣƸ밲ŵħצأôܻᱻ仰ʹùء
ǵó裬ҲǿϲɣͬǺɣƾ°ˣ˵ˣҪֲߣֲռʥ裬ֻԺúȺãǮٻסߵˣúûŰˡ
һ룬ԼĿе߹
صԶ
ɫɣ˵ٻŹڷ
ЦǾͺãһ㱻סˡ
ǰ³ĬԣһԸС֮ˣأڹأ±סڼȻûϣҲͷˡ


71 
ΪδϯºŹ˱ǰԺ˹䣬ʶɣ;һ䣬Ŷ½½ϹϲҲʼ
»˻ĸеĶڣ΢΢Щ¡ԻرԣֻǿɫǺܺãȻʩ֬ˮڸǣܿɫܲҲȽݡ
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Դˣ¶ӵĵִֶһ㣬ţҪǺͿ׹ܻϾͺˣΪ·գҲΪԺǷܽúӶġ
պľգһ붼ͷۡ
ðɣӶûأԼЩ̫Զˡ
ʱĿ̣ɺͻ׸ʼʽϯɲɣ»һ
ϯϣʲôҲҳԣ³ǰ³أȴǡ෴ΪѾ˵һӵζȣʳָ󶯣Եǽһζ𣬶䡣
öһ۵θãҪθڵһãҾˡ
Բ£ĺӾͳ󣬾ҪҪһֱ˵ĻǺܲƽǸ⣬ҲǸġ
ΪˣҹѣȻ˯š
Ѿʮ꣬Ѿûɵóˣں׻Уϣƽ£ΪλݲԼϥ£ҲǴĲǡ
·ĿӣǣЦŰοڵҲ̫ģ˵ֻһʱ䣬ȹʱ䣬϶Ҳһθںأʱ϶㡣
ԣЦˣǾͽ㼪ԣϣЩӣµëܼһЩ
Ҳ֪˵ȻиЩһиµʱ¾ͻʧѾĸˣµ
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Цǿ϶ģû˵˭У»һֱµġ
˵ʵҲֻܴȰοȰοڷſġ
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ֻǲ֪ΪʲôڸǰСͽһšһгӾʧȥƽź浹ȥ
¸˼巴Եſ˫ȥӣǷˣǵµĳ̫ټ²֪ŵҲŲȵʲôֳ˾ŵУ顱һ뵹ء
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鷢ͻȻһңö˶׷Χ
ˤе£ֻо۵رβ׵Ǻ͸첲ʹ̣۵ֱ졣
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Īڶڵλɡ
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ֻǵȽ֮󣬿ڵϵ£Щ˾һ㶣˲˵ˤǶôڵϵȴ쳣ء
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ɺܿҵԱ߲ԶŶ۵ĶڣҲ⼸λλڳһܵѯȥˡ
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ۿɲС£϶Ѿ˼Ļˡ
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ڳôɣȻΪȶڲģһֱڵʵڲס
һⳡ֪Լȵ̫ҽ֮ļƻˣȻƤ¶Ȼλλﲻô
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ΪǻͶˤʱ򣬾£˹˵Ͳ֪ýŲȹٱˣټͶˤĦֳǱƻ˸ɾ
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Ǿˤһӣܲһ⣬˵ľıҪµ棬˵ڶڵ̥Ѿûˣֻһһۡ
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һʱ䣬һֿܡ
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ԣɫһ⻰϶ڻǹΪһ⡣
±飬ֻǲһ⣬˹Ϊ֮ھ½ۣΪʱɡ
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ֻǾ鷳ˣȴŶڻȥ
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ٺߵܿͿɽӰˡ
һٿǹģǾɵˣȻô׷Ҳ׷ϰɣºŹԲ׷ˣʹԼĹ鹬š


72 
Ź˵㲢޴󰭣ҲҪ̫ҽһۣʱʲô
µŽģһġ
˵ʵطӦò޴󰭣β׵λãʱʱһ£ܶе⡣
طʵ̫˽ܣ̫ҽѸҪſڸǵɭϺУҪϸ֢ЩѰ졣
鹬ºŹ˷ֵ𣬸ԻصԼס޵
һƽ̫ҽԺ̫ҽһ߽ңѩһ˴
ѩ֮󣬸һŲأ˵β׵ǴЩף΢һѹĻһֺˬʹС
ѩʱЩż
ǻ·Ϊûأû뵽ˣ˵λãǲ֪ô̫ҽϸ˵ĵط
һ߷»һɾ·һ̲ס߶ū˵ӾͲӦóܣڰԼŪ˰ɣ⹬ﰡ²ؼ߸߹ѧܱܻĳãڶĻû»ãҪ£ӵʱ䲻źò˵϶ǵһɧͼʲô
ѩ߶Ҳ֪˵ҲΪԼãѩ˵Ĳ⹬ȷʵˡ
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˵ʵڿ˭Ե޹ʵΪѣҲϲ
ھҪϢҪΪĻƽС˳ɢϢ˵ˣɻ硣
̫ҽƽ̫ҽһȥ̫ҽԺȡҩصң˯һϢһᣬʱŷ֣˺ųβ׵ǻۣû뵽˯ʱβ׵Ҳ˿ʹС
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˼ٵġ
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˾ֻϣλһССĳڣҪͼսȨҪȻȻܰôЩͷõġ
쳣ˣɶΪֻ̾һĵԼӶ쳣ڵĳɼ治һ
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һ˯ѣ˯ټȣһޣڶľ֪
ɺͶˣҲһյ磬Ůл
İõˡ


73 
أҲܿˣϲ˵Ĺֱӱȥ˾˵޷Ǿϲ˵ʱ򣬲С֭ڵϣöˤһӡ
Ȼ⣬Ϊ˾پǺŪ£һС˳
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ԣưͿǳԶˣൽΣǶҪ˵
ϢҲֻЦЦ
֮У飬ûĽϢˣ֮أΪһԼûϵĶڣȥ¡
˵ˣ±ͷôɵĽԼϣʱûһҧԼˤģѾܲˣҪ˵ֱ̫ˡ
գ¹൱ңǳԳԲã˯˯ãСۿɼٶѸȥ֮ǰò׳ǵ⣬ģܿͻỹȥ
ټϼļȵ죬ӸһһѰսݡήҲ£ѩֵۣԼӳŲȵˡ
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ɲİʲôûϵֻĻϻ᲻ǰǹϵԼصĴ¡
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дţӱ޵ȥ⣬űͲ壬ŹȥǬһİ硣
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˵ڹô꣬˶ٿ࣬ȹҩҲֻǰʱ򣬻ôһ̥ǸСûһ¾ȥˡ
İ粻ͬѾ꣬彡ֹһӲٵ컨ǰʰϣ
ֻİ磬Ϊ١ϴ棬Ҫ˵İССͣܿǸТ˳ӣ׺񣬾һҲˡ
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˵Żһ˫ˮӣεĿ
Ȼ֪˵뵽·Ļ˵ϳԵԲ϶ǵг̣ʱԭоȵİ磬һûˣǺá
ԣֱӾܾǲˣСйտţ㲻ڣڣҲСģİɡ
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ʵĻôĵרŻȥչİ磬ȥʹ»࣬ǰܹĽӴİ磬ҪǸſȥĻ١岻ãչİɣͿԹ١ˡ
ǿϧˣûдӦװ״һûᡣ
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ѾˣۻؾĻվܸϻؾǣʱƾȥҽİҲܾȻҪϼգǾͲ˵ˡ
ƽ˹ͻȻؾϢ󣬸ĿɿڴûüӦѾ˳ˣûмϿһ档


74 
ͻȻعú˴ֲôҲû뵽Ŷûô׵Ļعˡ
رЩΪΪİعɣޱȡ
һʱ䣬ʹһ鶼û飬ҹ̣һҹۣô̵ʱڸϻ
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æԸ˸ױ磬ԸǬȥʱѾҽڸİҽεĿ
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76 
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ûֻʳ΢쳣ڣүͷҪ˸µİȥ𣬿Ժﻹû˲ۡ


77 
ŷԭǰʱ俵벻عʱﻹЩֻİĲ飬óǰȥǬ幬˱ڣŵһĲ¡
󣬰Ϊ˰ģԼĹ̫˵ģ쳣ڲҽ˵ȥΪ쳣ڿ϶ʲôѱڰŲҷټϿòޣǷ
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ԣָһŷ׼㡱ʱ򣬾ͱŹĺüǬ幬̫Χˡ
Щŷˣ˶µģûʷ˺أȺƻǰ̫ͲͷһӵϣֱѺߡ
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°һ°֪º󣬻᲻ɱĶѽ
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78 
Ǭ幬
ۣͷҲ̧öԻŹͷȥ˵һѾ쳣ļñǲҪ͹ȥ
ŹϽӦһȴЩȣ˵õʰ쳣أôĽȴү쳣ʹֻܹλݲõı
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û뵽߻䣬Ǳ߿뵽ݵС붼ûѿڶˣٴŷѡɵ鹬ŷﵱֻ쳣ڵճʳ쳣ڵķԸ
ͲˣרɸŵʦС壬ȵȥ⣬ҲͲٵİʳΪΪʳѣúˡ
գŵùġ
뵽Ǵŷȥģһ䣺֮󣬲Ҫ˽һҪź򲻺쳣ڣ޿Ҫʡ
ܵмǱʡ
ԣŹһ߿ӦţһԽȥǻᣬ쳣֮䷢ʲôʱɫǾҪʰ쳣ڰôһתۣ쳣ñܵͺټ
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ôˣʵȴĲһأλûʧ裬ѹһͷȻÿԽóȥֱ̫ˡ
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ʱʮһʱһЩ˵棬˵ǼζĻڻΰ
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أʢ費˥һֱų֮ܿٸޣÿȥߣҪȻҲڿؾĵһ죬ʢװǰȥǬ幬һˣΪһź
ڿɵãппˣɵһȥȴȥ鹬Ǹ֮ǰһֱ۵Сڣǰûй飬̫ˡ
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ԭһν󹬣ȥ鹬ȻĲǰɱˣΪλҲӦøеˣеңԲԡ
ֻǽһǴһ
ŹΪߵǰܹܣһһУûʲôܿԣֻҪǰŽ󹬣ȥĸطʲô˵ʲôŪþҪڹﴫˡ
Ҫ˵ֲɵ顣
飬ȴִſУӵǿּ⣬ʲôȻĪȥһŷĹ£̫˳Ծˡ
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쳣ûҲͰˣλһСڣôʰУҲû״ȥɹؼ쳣ڻгɣôүǰһߣž͸ʳأҲү˼Ҹ״
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Ҫǣɲһ򵥱飬ǻڿ²ӡ顣
ڹ㲻ΪԼţΪԼٳ裬ŽĹүɾ̫ˡ
һȴҲʶɼǿ󣬸ʼݹϵ㰲ȷʵЩԣ˵ӦòΪһûСڣɲŶԡ
飬ȴƫƫˣ˵ʲô˵쳣ڿλãҲһСô򵥣Ҳ쳣һ㣬˿ۣŻÿڷְΪ󣬻Գ쳣ڳɳŹִС
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ӣΰźãԱ
ŵӲó裬˵ȻżϾó蹬ߵū澣ó蹬ߵū澣ǿкܴģͱΪڹó裬Ǳʲôöʲôǰʲô£ȽߣһЩū澵ģԴöȣɱȹЩСӦСҪöˡ
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ΪһγԵ̫֢ҲųˣҹʳȥĶֱûһϵĶӣһϷȥû˯á
գѩźױֵҹ˵Щȼ֮󣬼¸㲣Ȧأһû˯õӣһҪ̫ҽס˵ûʲô󰭣ϢһձˣϾһ̫ҽ϶ᴫȥΪŷʳ̫ãԳ˶ӵϢ
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һ߰Ժٽй쳣ڵ飬ڵһʱãһ߹Ļصñ飬ǱߣūѾȥ֪ͨˣѡҲѾѡ͵Ź˽ȥ鹬á
ԣ΢ɲ˵ͷȴԱϲľķϣָһһн棬أȴ¶һ˼ʲôı顣
Ź⸱飬֪飬ǰ࣬Ҳҿ˵ֻĴԣſԸ
Ƭ̣·һʲôһ㣬Ŀڵ޿ͣ쳣˳̥й֮λ
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֪ôԼ˿𺳵顣
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˵ʵе㲻Լġ
ǹλֶߣж󣬶Ƕʮ֮󣬿ɽλݵģһֱĿõġ
㿴ڶЩźүҲкܳһʱ䣬ҲΪóɣҲڳλ꣬˵֣˰궼ѾˣҲǸء
أҲѾˣ˼Ҳûһ˿Ҫλݵ˼
ںλĹˣǾ͸ˣֻйˡɹˡͨˡЩйɣҲΪйŷ˹֮λûƽСϣҲТѻʺãϣǵ̫ӵĸҡ
ɼĳƽҲ˸˵
쳣ʲôһȦŹҲû쳣ʲôҪûҪûãͿճһòɺУкòɱȱȽǣҲ쳣һѽЩ벻ףôͺȻ쳣λأһͻȻ˵ԤҲΪ
ðɣҲǺԤף鹬֮үô쳣ںˣǰñֻһҹү˸ףֱӾͽλΪˡ
Сĸΰ׼ûС
Źλ쳣ˣŶԣԺҪĳˣʲôҲû컹ŭүүأתͷȴñǸѡΪ˸ȥ˰ĸһ
⻹꣬һ곯ᣬҪֱӽˡ
һ׮һ׮һ仯֮죬Ǵս񾭣ôλ쳣ںá
Ҳ˵λҲʱ̥İطGΪݵ΢λݲӣ١ѻʹҪһԭ򣬱㱻˻ʹ
Ϊˣһֱѻÿÿڿǰİ綼κͲټȷʵмϲʮ󹬵ʱ֮Ҳǿʮʱ򣬵Ϊɡ
Щͬôг裬λҲ˵ùȥ˽֮λɣȴЩǣǿˡ
̥йĽɣôΪ쳣ڽλݣǿȥ˵ɵģϾеĶڻûأڻ쳣ڣȴһ˹֮λôЩ֡
һҲܿ˭ʥˣ񶨳ȻóӾһЩڿϵˣǲһصġ
ŹʼĬϴνʲôʱ򣬺ѮңأҲոѮɣҲ˵λһӦλݣҲֻ˶̶̵ʱ䡣
ٶ֮죬Ҳǹټˡ
˵˿ֺܺãҪһֱֵóģ꣬λҲǲȥ
ţԺҪС磬ڿĵλӦҲࡣ
ŹûдӿҪΪ˵عʱ򣬿ȴֿڷԸȥⷿѡЩΣŽͣһ͹ȥ
ɼǵȥʱϴһɵ¡
Ϊ֪Լ޹ϲž£ʣֻۣгŵʱŻᴩ£ĹֻҪһ»׺£֮ǰЬ;£ж׸κױݣһСϵһôô
ЩʱʱҪžױݺͶׯ̬Ĺźܴͬ
ɿΪûԣ·ζǶȱģ㲻ǺܶŮˣҲ֪ϲ£Σʹ͹²ٳӺͺε飬Ĳˡ
˸ղŽΪ˵飬ڿڵķԸŹѾ˺ܺõ
λݣ۾գһµ˵ˣֻһ·ĳкΣҲ͸ûʲôˡ
ūǰ졣ŹӦǰѯһ¿ȥּѡүʲô
صȥɡ
ΪǬ幬̫ܹܣֻŹܹܵһȥ鹬ͣҲӡ
Ź˳ȥ
ŵĿȴΪʲô½λݵ֮ǰñҲûӦˣɽ־мֲס
Ϊһ˹棬λݣͲƹ鷢ˣңλݲ鷳ֻһ͵飬λڷҲȳҪ࣬ҲܹһЩ
Ȼôô룬;ֱӽΪ˵ˣֻһ仰顣
ˣȻȷʵֻһ仰飬к󹬶ٹΪһ仰һ˶Ŭʹ˶˼ʾ֭նá


79 
鹬
ΪθͲԭ¾һֱûڴĥһϣֳԹһЩƽŷɽ髸ܲʳ˳ںһЩ
ʱѩߵ齱ӣˡ
ס̲ס룬Ϊ˸찲ɾˣ᲻ѽ
룬־òܣڹɱӺĴһٰӣֻҪǴÿԣӦòʱҲ硣
ĶأʵȻ´һ˫ƽЬŴ齶ĵױ̨ȥ
ݵأū֮źţ˴͵ĲյȻױ
µ˵ͷױ̨ϵľӣһԼһû˯ãɫŲǺܺãŨŨĺȦ
ߵܱ߿ʼϴһѩϲ
֮صױ̨ǰѩ΢ʰһ¾ͺãɲǵİȼˡ
λʲô˼ģȻˣҪһġ
ǡ
ѩʼͷΪ˸ʱ䣬΢ϲЩ֬ˮۣϵ㲡
ˣ۵ŨصĺȦɼټû˯ãмήҲԽԵ״̬ѡ
ױʰ׵ѡһ˳µǳɫװϣŴѩңȫҲֻһӶһʱ䡣
İɣʱ˼ֲ͡
鹬Ǳ˵ķݣȱ˵ķݣھǣĥĥĶҲһѡ
ϾڶʲôʱˣŶùˣôڻڴûء
̲סҪңµʲôʱڴѩˡ
¶˶ɼ
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ǻ¶֮ɫİɣ£ܿ͵ı飬ִµһֻ֣Խڸ·һýõǸС
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԰ɵӣΪҲ磬ĸء
룬־òܣҪģͲױϣֱŭ崳ˡ
ͨйϵ£һһЦŶ԰ɵðõȣõĲǣ
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ʵ¶ڰɹ̬ǶЩӦټϰɻһֻ֣˵ĹС
·ЩӵĹԣ֮һֱĲһЦһ㡣
ԣŷſµ֣˱ڵڵ̫ʦϡ
֮ҽϰɸոպȹĲյ£¸ɺ²յ
˼ˣһװģֺ˼ڲˮɸǳյĴ¡
жû˲٣ϵǳɫװԵЩյ
·ʱ򣬿϶ģ㣬ǿ϶ʳѣŻݳ˵ġ
ɫأǴżֲĲ԰ףӹҲԵŨŨϧ֮顣
ɫ΢֪Լˡ
ĥģֻÿϧ֮飬ȴ£Ǹݶ֮ˡ
ʱԼ͵ʴףԭĥµģȴû뵽ֱΪ˼£ÿԽϧ
̫ʧˣ
йϵİɣӶˣԼǰʯͷԼĽţװױǰλԼȴ㾳ء
ɲɫط²յ̧ǣЦõɫãҹû˯ã
ոչ۲ˣµľŲǺܺã۵׵ĺȦʵ̫ˣһܿ
Щף翵ոʲô˯ŵģˣ̲ס룬ǲΪºǳԲŻŵһû˯ء
±ҲװģķĲյصûô˯ãⲻϹ̫ϲ֮£ҹͷȥû˯𣬽һˣýõȡ
û˵ʵûЦ
ԣȴǺһͣ΢ֻǻлҫһ㡣
ָܿ΢һ˿εЦԭϻعܵһãȷʵӦøеˣ˯žҲпԭò֪⹬жĽء
˶Ľʵ˯ţǰλȴǸ˵˯ţȻ˸˵Ĳǲܱȵġ
ûнӻֻŰЦЦʵҲûףΪʲôĸﶼûȥ
˯ŵʱҲȥ룬ѵôÿһֱȻͻһ˶̲סʱ򻹻᲻СĵЦ
ˣ˵лֱһǹһãϴΪˤ˵ֱۺûУأǹǸģҪүͽһʳϿ˿õ飬ڻһֱڹء
˵˴ϴ˼ߣͶķߺޣıһֱмӣ鹬ŷأû뵽˵죬ڱƤӵ飬Һүݺݵ汾ڶҪȻĻһֱɱȥأʵڿɶ񡣡
ʱһתֿʼһԹĿҲǣ飬þӦ浽ñΪǣôһֱŲ˵أöݳʲôˡ
ϲһ˵öֱĿɿڴ
Ǳ˵Ϲı£к޳ܵסˣλǸôŲôһأѴȫƵ˹ϣ˼Թûࡣ
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ԼԸ˿ʳȻ˵Ϲ˵ͷβ֪飬⻰˭ѽֱû޳ܣֻи޳ѽ
Ҳ֪ô˼棬졢˵ⷬģǲǴ˺Ƥ߲ҶλôŻ˵ġ
ûӻϽϵĲյڵĺһڲˮ
ɼԼ˵һѵǸĻ²ûп˵ԭĻĬ˼ּɫô˵ǲǲԭ±
˵˵ţɵ˼йҲǣԱԹҲӦģҪǱʶ˲壬ҲЩӣװⷬòԭ±Ҳ˵ʲôģ˵£ǡ
¿Ű̬Ƕˣĺ˵һ䣺Ϸô࣬
ǰ潫һƶ˵ֿʼ˲ңϵı֪ĻΪǱɱεء
ңһҪЩˣҲⷢԵССλﶼǸˣŲţΪλ
ǰҪ˵ʲôѵοһ˵ʲôⶼĴûϵģҴû
Σ˵ⷬģҪȻЩӵİװˡ
أȴİõĻȥװʲô鶼ûһ㡣
˵Լ˵˵ԭ°ɵĻ񶼲󣬰ɿ˳ۣǻῴ˳ۣú޵ģǻ֮ĶԹҲΪһ仰ɢΡ
ɽǰǺαء
ʱİɣȴѾתԴŮӹһ񻨵ĺľӣŵ֮ŵķϡ
һߴ򿪵񻨺ľӣһ߿ڵһ׳챦ʯͷ棬ǱΣһҪ¡
˵Ĺ򣬵񻨺ľиѾɴ򿪣һһ޲ϣȻһ챦ʯͷ棬˵۾Ƕıʯָ׸ǴСſźӨƲȥһǲɶúö
û뵽ΪεǸѪ㲻֪׳챦ʯͷ浽׼ֵΣҲܲµһܹأҪȻոպиǴ򿪵һɲǣϲֳһģ
鵽ϣټĬЩˡ
ֻȻүѾȥˣʵɲˣһͼֵƣǲյģﻹûȥԼɡ
ֱĺ⡣
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ϵıʱ΢΢һոտ¼׳챦ʯͷϵ־۱飬ﻹһأû뵽ת۾ͿȥⲻǴ㲻ԭ
˵ʲô¾ȥˣǹȥˣԼôܹȥأڻ֪ôģЩ̿ء
װʲôȻѾ͸񣬾ûûȥԺãӵˣҲҲԲ˵
Ҫ˵ó׹صĳΣΪǸĶǼٵģζٴȥ
ֶɿǶãֻҪ׹صͷ棬ӦòڿǰʹӲŶԣǴȥҲΪ
Ѿͽ⡣
û˽밲ʱ鹬ЩСɿı飬ǴſЦء
£ҪǴǿ
˽ֲµʱƽƿ߽˵ڣɸһҲһ㶣ܿ췴Ӧæǰɺ¼
¼ˣ֪£ʵʲô飿
ƽȿһ۰ɣŻصǰŹˣѾ쵽鹬ſڣūܹӱš
˻һ»ûʻأԱߵİȴѾʵĸŹ
ǰɲֹһλŵĹλǲһ
ƽصŹ
˻һϵľϲҲڲס
λȻǰȲŹãȴҲǿĴ´̫࣬Ļ϶Ƿ˿ּ⣬鹬
Ҳ뵽λ鹬϶ҲǱ¶ġ
תŶµȻǰŹ鹬úͱͳȥӭһŹΣ
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ԣ¾ð϶ûģ֪ʲôء
죬뿪˵ſڵһδ汻ֻС˳һͷݸ̫˵ڣţָüλŸʹƷС̫ࡣ
˵ҲɣƽС˳ԭȥŷʲôʳûʲôŵʳãû뵽ڼеǰһˡ
еϣǿ϶Ǳ鹬ģ鹬ֻһ˵ó裬뵽Ϊ˭ģ붼ܲµˡ
ƽС˳ŵǰ˵
ϳǰ룬ȴʶ˵쳣ź֮ԭ߸ϵ̬ȣҲһЩ
ȻƽһܻţС˳ں·ȥŷҪ飬ҲˣӭǰҪ
Ȼûô£ȴʶ鹬λɣڼɳ쳣ҲǺԵһ㶡
⹬˭֪Ȼͬס鹬ȴܲԸôһȴͬһء
뵽ŹȥǼ飬̲סԲһϷѵǵ쳣ʦġ
ţҪ˵Ļȥʱ򣬿Ҫү֪
Ȼһǰɣһվһ˭ǾͺˣһĹ۲һۣһ߸ɺūż쳣ڣﳣڽ𰲣
˵Ϊˣ׻ûʽͣԳڵλݳƺš
һĶĵЦŹ𡣡
ȻȷʵǱģȷʵ鹬λʱȷʵԽɡ
֮󣬰ɼЦŵŹǷүּ⣬ʹƷ
˵ŻɵĿԽ룬һۣ̫żƥӣɫƵİ޳бɫƺУ°ɫƵƶУʱ˵Ļɫӡ
λģҲô໨ɫµĳС
С̫أŵĺľӣò¶֪϶ŵΡ
Щɶʱۺ첻ѣÿ̫ˣʱʱʹͺöҲͰˣԸصĴ̫͹
Ҫ˵Ǹλڶս¶ɼµӳ̶ȡ
ǰأʹͶ˵һΣҲûۼǴǿ֪ģۼˣȻһŨŨĿɬУǴûж˺ùÿڣҲֻԵʹһЩɣûʲô
ɻްȴûһػǣүūǰ˸쳣ʹƷ֮⣬үһ͡
ʲôݣذͲ㣬ֻЩް϶ֱˡ
ԣװɫ糣รүп͸쳣ڣŹǿ쳣Ͱɡ
˵ʵҲܺ棬¹ʹͻȻҪʽĸһ͡
Ѳ޵Ŀͣס룬һ뵽ڲϣҪޣҲЩ̫ˡ
ʱȴЦĵȻߣôܲȫء
ֻĿתߵϣµȻˣ쳣ھͽүĿͰɡ
ʵҲ濵׸ʲôͣոյ飬ôһء
´鹬ļ˹񣬰ҲżҪ͵λеڡ
뿪ʼүͣ쳣˳̥йؽ֮λմˣ
һֱһףڶʱѻȸţ˶ЩԼģɺ¸ǴľǴлˡ


80 
Ҳڴߴ٣ֻվǻ
Ͼ˭էһϢ˭᲻ŵģԼʱ֪͵ʱҲһ
λ˿б£ô̵ʱڣүλݣڵóģߵһ治˵
ɴʱ˶µģֻʣǾ䡰ؽΪˡĻ
Ҫ˵ʹ¶ܽܵˣֱӽΪˣûܡ
ڹЩ꣬鹬һֱֻһŹˣǻΪʳŮͻŮԭȻزۣҲͣҲǵáڣɣҲ֪ڳλ˶꣬һֱδ
ƾʲôܽһֻó˼µСӦ޼ѣ֮ǰڣֱӽˡ
ٶ֮죬ֱټĵй֮޲
Ҫ˵֮ǰԼаƿסµĻ½Ϊ˺ĵ׶ʱһģ齥ƿصĸо
𿴹˺ͳֻһ֮ǲһλݼǿϻʼģʱͲôˡ
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ҪȻͱүΪ˵鲻үӡ󣬿ɾ͸ˡ
ȴͷǱһɿϲֻʣһѽˣˣ
ֱͻľϲԣǾŲŶԣŵСĸ͸˵ιȥˡ
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أ⼸һռҲԺҲ⼸մϱߣˣ֪Ҫأоĸѡ
ܻ֮꣬ˣᷢĵϹˣҪȻⱲϹ֮λ붼Ǻ
أȻ׾ٵˣھͽΪˣֱ̫̫̫ˣ
ڸʲô˿ֵ̼ء
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Цеؿ˿Ȿūŵ̸ְϣүūţūרһȵġ
˵ֹϲµū﹧ϲ˽֮ϲ
ЦŻصллŹ
ָָЩС̫ŵĶµүūŴ˵ʹͣˣ˵дɶܹԵѡģʱū˵ҪϲĻɫͿʽֻ˵һΣָķԸѡġ
ǰĴܹܶǰ˿һҲ̫ǰ̫ļӣɫЦ档
Աߵİȴмѿ񶼻ûλأܲζ
óȻ˵̸Ĳ죬ҧֻ̣ϵı飬ʵϲÿ
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ЦǺǵ˷ģ⻰ūһ
µ̬ȣǱȽϲģһͲһó裬Ͳ֪ԼＸصˣҲֻˣںߵĳԶ
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Ҫ˵˵óأҲɲһȻүԹĳԺ
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ж֮࣬ﶼЩˡ
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ǿ̫ˣõе㲻֪룬õе飬ԼһղС¶ڣÿûϲʱ᲻һ֮£ֱѽ
뵽Щ̲ס˸
ְܿοԼ̫ˣں󹬵ЩŮӣһİĽϣϲϵأΪԼٳ裬Ϊ˼ǲûʲô˼ҶģĸʲôҲĻء
һ룬ºֵ̬ܿİöˡ
񸣣֮æǰһ¼񣺡ūŲμˣ˽𰲣
Ͻ
˼ұŷǸúøŵȴΪҪһͱ鹬ŷȥˡ
ҪǣŷĹ£Ǹһ˵ճʳ˵ʵе̫ţ̫Сˡ
λֲòӿİţ϶ˡ
鰲ɵһۣȻһֱվڰߵУԴЩ֮ɫһֱÿܲµԼЩʲô
ʱ򣬲ЩʲôӦǰǰʧ̬
ڱ˲עʱڱקһ°ɵ䣬ּڸʲôǰʲôطҪʲô
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ֻøϽһЦģµǹǸģû뵽ȻõĽλ֮ϲ粻ɰҪ﹧ϲһˡ
˵ϵıⷢЦӯӯһתȻõĴϲ£Ȼ鹬ϲ£÷ģͷҾŷһϵϯ鹬λǶйȻǾһúΪء
ǰĵԼߵĿģֽôȵһУͽ֮ǰǵӲ죬Ρ
֪ˣѾɸΪ񲯣ǰˡ
أҲ֪֪ǻΪʲô֮󣬻˸˾ϲˣԭѽ
ɵĻȴ˵ĵˮ©֪η˵ˣЦ̵ҪΪڽλϲ磬ѵҪ˵ģֱӸ
룬¾ܲףرǵǰ档
ֻЦŻصǾллΪ檲ˡ
ʶȤɻ⣬ϵò˿ͬ鹬ãλݣҲΪеˡ
Ȼȣ˭ܻ쵽ڵλãΪ㹻֮ίߵĳ棬Ǽˣһ˾ĲͣҪ˵컹ǵ顣
°꣬ǣѩͳż˵ĹȥĺɰΪûװʮǵʱ򣬵˹ȥ
ָǮ飬ںһֱǲĵĹأ󷽵ˣŴżǬ幬С̫ȥֻ񸣡
һߣҲû˼顣
ڻЩܲѾ˵ʵټϿרһǲζֻϽййҪȻԼֱ
ߵʱ½ڷϰɴκӣȥģϧӣҴ˵仰Ŵվˡ
һߣʣºһ﹬˺ˣټƽתʱ˴˷ĺϲ
ūūŹϲӣϲ֮λ
½ˣ˸ˣ˵ĪЩźĹˣū˵ľЩź˵Ĺˡ
ֻиŵӵóˣЩźģݲŻŹ˲¹ͷĺ󹬣ĸڣһЩ
£ҲҪ棬Цӭӭӱʹӣ飬ں󹬿ˡ
ˣʹط׷߲ȵ͡²ĵطҪǲó裬˵ɨصۣ֧ʹȻӸ㿴
ǰӦǼĳڵı仯³Թٿͷѩƽ˵Ĳ㶼ҪҺѵʱ˹ĺӣǰ붼롣
ƽأʱ½ڵʱѾһӿλݵˡ
û뵽Źȥã˵ԼΪˣֱЩʵþһ
˸ˣҲŸˣȻ֮࣬һӣ˵˚ӵĴ󻰣ֱԼҵ׵жˡ
ʱѩȴɫԼӵ׻жټҵףһ
ԼԴӲΪӷֽ֮Ҳǰ˲٣ǼȥټϹӵϲǮǰ˵ĴǮЩǮֱ̫ˡ
ղţͣ͸ʮӵĺɰһˣ˚ӵһӳȥ˶ʮ
ǮȥԼӵǮϻӣܿҪˡ
أֲ֮ܵǵ˵ֻôЩ˲ٸǰʱĸԼһ£ԺǮһ㡣
ߵĹЦ䣬תעѡ
񸣿䲻ʮӣúǰ׾
Ҳ֪ԼģŹûֱָģҪǺߵĻδػźҪ˼ٲһЩʳ΢ֽţôĿ֪ܶ
㲻Ҳ֪ʳ˵ĵ
ԹǰɣºɫĿڡ
񸣵ü˳ۣԵػصūǽ񸣣ԺֱӳƺūŵֱɣԹʵ̫ɷūˡ
ûػ˵ͷ
ڳĬƬ̣ŵҲ֪ǲԸϾǬ幬ŷǸŵĴʦȴֻܵźһСˣʵ̫ˡ
ɣ鹬ŷ£Ҫʲôʱŷˣƽһ취һᣬ»ŷ㿴ɺãŵ
񸣾㲻Ը鹬ŷţҲھȥ
ȥЩ֪ôԿĲ
ⷬ񸣸տʼһܿϨȥ
ǺŷŹȻѡźˣȥˣ϶Ҳ˲ºúźλء
ӣڻǺܵóģ˭֪Ժ᲻ĸߣһһλλ˵Ҳ̸ŷµһأȰοԼ
񸣵Ϊū룬ūǸмūżȻѾŷźԺǹߵˣҲûٴȥ˷ģūһᾡľù˵ʳùģڻŷ飬ԺҲĪˡ
ǸˣҲټȰ˵ʲôؼǵһμ棬Ҳ˽ˣֻԺ˵ˡ
鹬ŷԺ񸣣Ҳһģ벻õ¶ôҲǴŷЩ϶á
ƽǰȥ鹬ŷϤΪʳ׼С˳һƽȥæˣ֮أʹƷȥҷźá
ѩյ㽫ǮֱӸ˵ˡ
¶ʱȻû뵽ԼǮô죬ûǮˮ˵Ϊ
ðɣûΪǮ鷢ϵȷһЩ
һѩԼﻹʣ¶Ǯ֪ԼһʮҵʱֻЩǮֻҪһӦûٳһʱ䡣
λݣٺѾǵһ˰ɣԺԼһЩҪǸˣڵһЩӦܳסġ
뵽Լ̫ˣÿβΣͳӣһЩڼķıȴֱܺӵʱ
ȻƤҪǴβ㡣
ʱ룬ֱһЩǮĺأЩϿźÿȴܻǮãʵ̫ˡ
ʱĿⲻȻת˰͸ǸǸͷ棬һͷð˳
⸱ͷǰӲԼģžӦĻţԺȥҪܻǮͺˣһ챦ʯͷ棬϶ܻܶǮɡ
ңɵʱ˵ˣ˻ˣʣǲҲ˵֪Ķ϶ϲء
ֹס뷨ùͷ棬ϸļһȷʵû⸱ͷϷκ촦ıǣҲ˵⸱ͷǰɴӼġ
һԼ뷨͸ˡ
ǲ֪֪⸱ͷ󣬻᲻ֱˡѰǣһԸͷѡҲȽѣܳǮ˵µﰲɣѡʵ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬ΪԼոǮƻ˳


81 
ɻصһƨϣһʧǵı飬Ȼ޷ܿͻȻΪ֮¡
Ͻ˵źĹˣȻŰοү˵ĳ谮ֻ飬ֻǰ˶ѣӻĪˡ
ѳɼȶʵٶҲãͽհˡ
ɷ·δĻĿڵүھͽ˹ˣҪУܱµС𣿡
ĵġ
ǰ뷨ǳڣԺУλݣʱΪλԼͿԽµС籧
Ȳ˵Ժ˰ѱԼͻԹĻأԺϥҲǸаλˣֱͦ˲˵ں󹬵ĵλҲԽȹ̡
˵λ֮ףļΪʲôûнλΪϥûһ磬õͼ֮˽ȵˡ
鹬ò׳һóСɣҲͣۿԼܱһС磬ƫƫϣλȻҲǸʡĵģû೤ʱ䣬ûûأѾſ˹֮λֱһֲ
ԺҪ滳УС磬ү谮λпá
ʱﻹʲô鰡
ԣһ뵽Լǧ˼ԸҪգץܡ
⻰һȴ֪ôػˡ
ھѾǹˣԺҪС磬˭֪ү᲻ΪλʱﻹԼʲô鰡
밲οɣϣҲ˵Ϲպ˲ٵó衣
ӣЩǲЩ̫ˣûλţóС绹һء
⹬ɣĶ٣Ҫûλ⿴ţô׾Сģҿӣ˻ˣԼҲһְæš
ϾӴˮһյ飬˭ҲԸɣԲԡ
ʱһ˿ûбţ߶Զ
ĬĬһ䣺һֱó裬ҪȻһʧ䵽ôúʰ
⹬еóĳأʱпļֳ谮ѾǺܲ𣬰ҪȵģȻǵһ졣
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Ǭ幬ڣûãѾ鹬ˡ
أȻͶ䣬µʱּķӦ
ЦŻصүǲ֪ʱūͣ˶𾪵ɵˣðûأ˺һлǵʱɫмֲÿ
û˵ٻ˵Ľͺ󣬵ʱɫȷʵѿ
ȴһ㶣ɣҲ
ոΪ³ɵĸһ簲ɾȥȥҲİɡ
һһ㣬ʱеסˡ
¾˹λݣɸλȣҲǲһصģҪ˵λԭйܽԼɵȨֻҪҵͷɣԼֵµСп˵
ǸСأ磬ڣҪȥҲĻҪԿͷˡ
֪үǵˣæʵʵ˵ǵģūȥʱ򣬰Ӧôкһˡ
˵΢ԥһ£ŵ˵ȥǸģūſ˵ɫǺܺãҲ֪ǲû˯õԭ򡣡
仰Ϣɾʹˣ˵ȥǸģ˵ɫǺܺãûеɫΪɣ˵û˯õԭ
´ˣҲ˵ʲôʱ˵ˡ
һ˵͸סˣһһ˵ڼ鹬˴
Լȥһ۲ܷһЩСèίʣֲ
ѾһίԸԼţҲԸ浽ʵӡ

һϣһﰵզ࣬û뵽ó裬ֻ˵˰˴үͼ͵Ҫȥһۣ°۸λ½ļ衣
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Ǭ幬ûãɰ鹬ߣܿͽ쳣Ϊ˵Ϣ˸Ե
ʱΪ֮𶯡
˭Ҳû뵽Ԥ׵ģ˵ͽ쳣Ϊλˣֱһֲ
Щ벻ףλ쳣ڣŶԣˣкαͣλĵүεĽλˡ
ǰΣӴӦ˳ڣڸ°ɣִӳڣֱӽ˹ˡ
ٶȿɲһĿѽǵٶĵҲûɡ
뵽󹬵ɶʱˣּĽ޲Լ˱ˡ
Ҳ߷߲ƽƾʲôϾôĽˣȴҪڳڴӦλô꣬Ҳϣֱ̫ƽˡ
ҲڹλϵĹˣޱᣬǻ˶꣬繫Ĺλãû뵽ȴһҪûҪûõСɣƽƽˡ
ζܺܵ˲Źء
ǰһؼõĻʵۣҲһƾżòŸɽλݵˣô˵ϣȴء
һʱĻŲѡ
뵽޾׵СǾ;ÿһǱסˣŻϺ󹬹ص顣
飬Ϊˣλһôûֽ쳣˹ˣɼλڿĵλ͡
ǷͷʢǰóŶЩʰ·磬Ͼع󣬿ǻûȥȥλء
*
ڣӵϢ󣬾ͽջһϵ²ˤˡ
û뵽һСڣոԽͷտֽ˹ˣһа𣬶֪﷢
˵ȥΪһС˰ɣΪóõۣҪ˵һ㲻ںɣҪ
ˡ
ɵĴ㹬ڣվڴǰԺĻݣĸ΢΢¡Ķӣһܡ
үǳ谮ˣ˵˹ˣ˹ˡվãԵĴŮ૵
֪ȹͶ̥Ӧüӵ½˵λ֮ﻹ̲סܡ
Ҫ˵λݵɣȹĪĹϵ
ȻһܵԭѾĸ£ȴûŸλݣȴ֮ˣܲζ
ΪߵĴŮȻ֪ʲô
û̥˹ˣ̥ȴûɹˣ˭ܰɡ
ȰӷģС֮үҲΪ˵ġ
ǰҲοԼ̥ûλݣ󣬿ôҲ˰ɣڸóһȣʱԼպ˹ˣҲһ㶼˲
һǣһֱΪԼ̥֮󣬿࿴һЩɵȵ滳֮ŷ֣ʵǡ෴ǰÿ»һΣԴӻ̥֮˹͸ˣÿܸһĻҲûˡ
ֻΪ̥ĹϵڳԴöϵǺ˲ֹһΣǱҲ˿ۣټλбӵ̥˼Ƕչˡ
棬ûôˣʥѼƣǲ봢㹬أȻֽӵ˿쳣Ϊ˵Ϣܾͱˡ
ңŹﰢ࣬԰Ҳûǰǰ㿴ˣǰһİ磬мλϥµİȽϵó֮⣬߰˰ֵģҲɡ
ǲܸá
һֱһǻ˼Ķڣһ̣Ȼûǰ緢˼
Ѿʮ壬̥ӣͶʮˣں󹬣ѾǸɣԺܲܵóһ꣬Ǹδ֪
Ҳ룬󹬲ܸ繫ɣǶȥˣΪү°繫Ƕҫѽ˵ˣ̥Ҳ˭ܻϵģڣҲ˰ɣûϹ𡣡
ڵôܸұȣŸս꣬أڻϣڻг裬ԺҲһܻϡ
Ҫ˵͹λǵóĵ㿵ȥʱ򣬴ָͷ©һһʱҲʧ衣
λûˣں󹬻һϯ֮أò毺֮⣬ȫƾԼıġ
ֻǺͬΪ¹Ůĵֶȣǲ̫Զˡ
͵һǺһóİ¹Ůòϣǲɵȴٳٻ̥ȴһ̥һ̥ټֶθ߳˼֮λǸλݵ΢Сڣ˵Ƿ̡
뵽ڶµԹࡣ
ȣλݣȷʵЩ˵ӦüʵŶԣϾ˶ǻʹ١ѡ̳İ¹ŮڳǬһദ˵෬䶯ᵽ˶ɵĴ㹬Լλȥ͹˵˵ԨԴǡ
йˣЩˣҸþĺú̥ŶԣûЩҪ飬顣
ԼӲôȰ˵Լͨˣϲ
˵ʵھһãʲô飬ţǼ⣬Ҳἵ޺󹬵óɣʧȥǣ̬һֱܱһƽʹȵģ
ȻڵƽʹȣɱֳƽʹȲһƽʹȣڶƽʹȣദһֺĸо
ҲȻλݵ΢ȴƾ˸䣬ÿʱԭ֮һ
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Ļӵ½λϢʱڸš
Ҳ㲻ϺãȻǰ֧ʹΪԼȣأأԼš
أӣᷴ˵״ˣټϴʱʱʱļһ˰磬ܻôԸ˳ܣĬĬš
Ҳ͸ӣ֪Ǹ۸ģټŰ˰磬Խ
ɲô֣㽫ʹҲһĬģ
ⲻӵ½˵λ֮󣬻һվԣü˳۵ھһ䳰ȷ˼˵ıͣԼ˰綼ˣҲǸСڣ㲻Ӷˣ߳ȥ㶪ء
ڵͷû£Ųˡ
Խ̬ȣԽǿ˳ۣ֪Ϊ۸ǵġ
θࣺû£ҪȻҲΪү˰˰磬ֻһССĳڣյóСӦȲϡ
˵ֿһʵķС㿴ϲˣģãҲᣬôôʱˣҲûүǿǽ࣬ڱ㣬ʲô취үһˣûУ
һ˻Ľűߣֵ̿檰ɣôı£үϴϷջس
Ҫôı£Ͳڳλϴôˣ˭ڿǸе޷ˡ
꣬òΪƾԼųùɫľգݵͼҲԷ֮ģֱÿ޺󣬿ǰ˸һʱѵʶ߿⹬ūݵͼ䵮»ʼá
Υʥ⣬˵ÿλǺ±صҹ޵Сʱ³ȻͨźСŮмһ򲻸ˣһʱ֮󣬻˰˰硣
ʱֺּ£飬һֱøַԼеӣֱº̥λÿ̥֮󣬲Ż飬һ޵ʱ򣬽Լеʵ˿
ɵʱʲôûϲûиˣֻ֮ǰʼŲ
ʵԸڷ󣬴ȴʲôҲû˵ֻںµġ
СĻŶӵֱ̥ƽ°˰磬ȻǶܲʣ԰˰绹˸һĹźţϥ¸ţûð˰ݵͼĸһ
ԣһֱܸжԼ̬ΣĬĬš
Ȼʱޣ֮ûʲô֪ϲ޷ǾӰˣ
ڻȻ취ÿǬܰõֱȴĥ¡
ԣԻƴӵڣһζŻ˵ˡ֡
밡ֻڵӴˣȻҲĻˡ
ϷҲУѾˣԼ룬ҪÿҲü˰ˡ
һڶʱһͣһĨʹ֮ɫΪʲôܻĴĥΪԾ˰ڻȻҪ룬Ҫʲô
ǧҪĻһ취ġ
˵¶һЦݣŵǾͺãģֻҪ˴£㱧һ˰硣
ԣԭüľգϲı飬ģһƴȫԸ
ŵ˵ͷͶˣˣﲻźˣȥɣ뿪ǰȥ˰ķٿһ
ǡڸϽŻһżҴҵȥμ䣬һİ˰硣
*
˵½˵Ϣ԰ߺ¿ϵǸ챦ʯͷ棬񿴵һѰ׻ӡ
ȻִӷϱװͷĺľӣŵϵĿϣϣһСһĲŪźͷ棬˳˼״̬
֮󣬿ĵһۣ龰
ڵæѩܿͷ˽ĿֻǻûأȴѾһ֣Ŵ󲽣齵λ˹Ȼֶ̧Żڳ˼ϣһԡ
ϣۣͻĵһԣµһӦֱסţϳ
ʲôǰˣû
˷Ӧ;úܺЦȤǲԾľ˵ĻأҲһ˵⡣
¾˾죬ǹ⣬ոյԼԵ飬Ǹ۵ˡ
ǶϵκŬŬ죬΢΢̧°ָͣء
Ŀ⣬ͷ˷ڿϵĺľӣȻһصĳ챦ʯͷ档
ĵһʲôģϲʹţϲˣʲôҪġ
ҲܿеĹϣǵͦһصͷЩܣֻ˵⸱ͷǱ͵ģ뵽˵ɸո⸱ͷĳԶˡ
üֱӵǰ͵ġ
ԣֳһžȵģѽⶼûϲµˣϿ
٩ϹֳĿű飬붼û룬̧ϣʳָһԡ
˵ʲôأ޿밤򡣡
۵˫ֱס˶ͷлͬʱţۡۡۡ
·䲻ĵԣŲŲƨɣŶͷֻСҲǲٷпѵͲ֪ϧһ𣿡
ߺСѽŸһ棬ѾˣأСƨƨ
ǶֶѰ
̲ס룬ܣǲǾΪ۸۸ŻܵڿأҪȻ벻
ʱĿأоЦͬʱҲ̲ס룬ΪʲôķӦôȤء
̲ס۸۸ء
뵽ʱøոյԵָֿʼˡ
ΪԺܾԵ۸һ̣ðŵòҽǾͲˡ


82 
¹СС죬Сſ֪۸˺ȴЦػ۸ˣϲ㻹ء
ԣһ˫ĵˮһй
Լһ۲ûǵЦ⻹ȻãֱøڿźŹԽ¡
˿ô꣬ûĸɸڿǰ˴󵨣˵Ļ£ÿһζľսǰλһѺľٶŭ
أֳϣԽΪŭӻ鲻ʱǵÿҲˣҲֻװװӶѣתͷֻ˸ãҪȻҲƵƵΥ󹬹أǽˣû˵ʱ򣬻ʹùλݲʹõıȵȣЩϣûз顣
һ׮׮һֻ˵һ飬λڿĵλ͡
ǲ֪أά־浽ʱϾһʱóףҪþõһֱó裬ǲܵ飬ó⼸겻Ҳʼ·ʼԹ½СҪȻˡЩˣôڿǰ¶ģ̧
Ź࣬ǱĻشȴֱƲ졣
ĹŲأϲҪ۸ԸҪϲ
Ϻľĳ챦ʯͷ棬۲תſһЦ·ոնſӺƲĲһ㡣
أԭǺЦģֺõЦ֮ȴһַëĸо
̲סΪ鿴ޣ
ºߵ檾ûϳӢոһ檶ʱ־Ϊ˵ġ
Խ˵ԽŵԽ˵ԽףȽ˽ӵĿֱӴԲԵĿޡ
һĻģ֪ʲôˣŻỻ⸱Ц˵ЩԲԵĻ
ú˵
¶ʱס죬ֳһίģĵⲻ˵Щûôû˲ء
ڰϣ⸱챦ʯͷһͲǷƷ檴ʵЩûҪȻ檾ͱһô
˵껰һ˫ˮӣôֱֱĿ˫Ρ
ԣʱ֪˵ʲôˣĸоֻԼõ
ٲ׵𣬾ȻŽֱ̫ɧˣô꣬ɶԼ֪ж٣ȴûĸɸôĸ̸ġ
һ˵Ĺ
ŶˣһӱȽϴ󣬾ǰɣ֪ԴôģҲֱ߶ӣʱ޵ĵطĶûС
²밡Ȼ뽫͵⸱۵δһȦҲûҵʵĽѡŽ˿ϡ
һأǻʵۣϴ󣬾㰲պ֪˴£ҲʲôԹԣأǮ࣬öҲ࣬Ҫ׮ˣҲ̰Ķ˵ЩǮ
ǰɣˣȴһ㣬ɸʵ̸ôе㾪ף˼
ԽֻЦЦĿ˵ǰ㽫ǮΣѽ
ԣ¹Ȼһϲ׮ţЦŻϣϿŸɡ
Ȼ˵ȴ̵룬Ϊһ֮ĺôҲСɣԲԣǸոս˹ء
⸱гСģЦǹװһУ۶ްɡ
˵գҲ¿ڷֱӶߵŹɣȥ󣬱˸Ͷӹ
ŹӦǰĽϵĺľкиǸϣȻֽһڵſڵǰ̫࣬ľеݵǰ̫ûǬ幬ȥ
ʵŹտʼҲ𾪵ģû뵽˾Ȼε⣬ؼһǿʵۡ
֮󣬵ĻشҲܿ췴Ӧ֣ڶŪء
ԣŻķԸֽĽκˡ
أŹЦöӶˣĵãֲŵ飬㿴֪˰ɣү׬ˡ
ʱأֱĿɿڴտʼΪԼĶˣΪڸЦٺûӦʱӸΣͱֽŹ֮ףҪġ
ԣűκŵſȥǰ̫౳ӰЩᡣ
ôҲûôһصĳ챦ʯͷ棬Ȼֻ۶Ӿˡ
б˵𣬶ӵأǴĿʵۡ
ɸոոĵ˵ŸҲ뷴Ļ֪ôﷴ֪ӦԼۼεʱֱȷ˵һҲڱֱöߣҪá
Σ͸ʲôѽ
һ뵽׻ֵӷˣµСĸξ۵ֱҪСܣŰƴС
ۿأȴ෴³Աп˵Сģи˳ˡ
һյغѩĲյһǹŵЦ⣬ûͣͽԼ飬˸һɶ
¿ſǵЦ⣬ֱȥһƽԼԴֻѹͷʼﰲοԼӾͶӰɣԭǰɵģˣһǮҲûҲǰ׵õġ
һ룬¾۵С࣬΢һЩ


83 
󣬿ź֪ĿģԺܲɫ΢΢üͷ
ôһûɫջأǸʡĵСѾͷ
ֻüͷôɫû˯ã
Сʱһ壬˵ԶˣȻʳһϷȥûô˯
ǸǸûô˯áڰĻص
㰡㰡㣬˲ʡġϴżֺɸֵģ
嵽ǸʲôӣԼѵ֪ϾȻúϢˡ
»ûøøν͵ʱλүѾվֱӶ˵
˵գҲײ˼ֱתӣǵλϴμȥ
ǱľٶŪһ㶣ûҪʲô
ڿж֮Ҳܿ׹ء
¸ϽٵС鲽׷ǰߴӰ
ŹԽԽŪү˼ˡ
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ϡһԼײ۵ǣһһСﻹͬʱæˡ檲ġ
ȴתͷбһۣӳϢ·߲á
һģ˺Ӷѡ
˵ʵʵе㷲ģ֪Ϊʲô˵û˯þ֮󣬾ͺȻˡ
Ҫ˵˰ɣɿıֲҪȻҲңֱˡ
Ҫ˵ûɣһһģֲ֪νӻ
ʵ벻ôػʱֻֿڵԼɵȥ
ȵһֱ΢΢ŵСԹҲ̧һ˫ˮиǳ˲⡣
ǸǸôðɡӭϲŭ͵͵Сڵ
ԣһֱŵ㱻Ϊǵ뷨ƹˡ
̲ס̧첲޳ָСԹϣһߵţһĿڵǸöϧûҲ֪Щʲôɵȥ˯ɲǸ˼
ǵģôʳ㿴ڵС͹ӣǸͷҲ²ȥǸڣǡ
ǵָָԪ˵ɣֲһʱ
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Сֲǻ϶Ļ׳棬֪˼һɵȥȻˣô˵ûأ檲Ŷԡ
˵꣬һ˫˫ͫˮܲĵһۣȻһתԽλãĹĵСӣһƨ˴齵Ĵش
һòԣ˵Сģ
ķӦЦˣڲٰһﰵЦСѾͷԽĴˣĻҲҷ˲˵ȻҸ˦ӣҪ찡
һദƢҲ˽⣬ûȻСģмֿɰͺЦ
رǿĹĵСӣǰ£һ
֮ǺЦü΢䣬ԡ
޿һֻĹĵС󡡣̲סЦŵ٩
£
û뵽Ϊʵۣڵ٩ԽԽ˳첻˵ǲͲŵģԽԽߴӢ
ŲءСķҲϽĹĵӺ;ŵС˻ȥ
״̲סЦˣڸ͵ãС󡣬Сܡ
̲ס㿵ˣȫҶǸܡ
ȻˣȻģ³ȴǽŴܲܲô
ķӦÿͷһ۵Ϣ
Ц˵˵ﻵˡԼô֪ء
ﶼ֪۸һССŮӡ
һӣˣЦ۸۸㣬ϧء
˵Ŀ滰ÿοģϲŪһ֮⣬ͷΣΪ밡û뵽Ȼ˵˵۸ǸСûĵġ
ԣ̲ס̵ͦıͷЦǸСûĵġ
Ļһڣ¶ʱҲԼһСûĵˡ
˵һֱ
ҲΪݺãûףоһһֺܲʵĸо
ܻ̿֡
֪ΪʲôϲΪʲô˺ãԴӽ˵ϲùڳŨŨĲ
֪ϲݺãάֵʱ
һ뵽ЩһɥðɣҲԼǸûĵġ
˵̲꣬סСԴ
ģֵͷˣոСѾͷúõģ˵Цأôת;ɥء
ϲԼЦʱЦװСģҲƲֵģҪ̫ˡ
ôˣ޸ոǸ㿪ЦأôأҼСèˣŲûءһԶһߺ
ǲˣ˵⻰û˵
֪ڸ檿ЦǾû˵öԣҲԼǸûĵģ϶ã˹ˣŷӶ檺ãأ鷳˵ɵ顣
Խ˵ôԽԼһǴء
˵Щʵʲô
ʵȻǴʵмϲģÿЦСѾͷ⸱ɥܵģﶼŲ
ûôˣһʱ仹治֪˵ʲôãǰҲûǰѽ
ԣ΢Ƭ̵Ȼˣ޾ϲֻԼˡ
£Ǻأǹء
ⲻʱɥ˲˵һ˫ÿһֺݺݵصһۡ
һɣʱÿмЦ
ٶҲ̫ˣһһЦһɥģϽˡ
Сԡ
ϽЦǺǵĺˣˣ˵ûϢھ͸Ͻ˯һᡣ
˵꣬ļ򣬸Ͻɺá
ȥоԼҪмܲסˡ
Ҳû飬˳ڴϣȻһ˫Ҫȥˣ
ֹԹɵģԾҲࣺţúóԷ壬пٹ㡣
Ŵ˵ͷûסʳһֱʣϽôͻȻ檵λˣһ׼ûУһ
˵껰һŵģԼСظ
ֱŵСģʱЦˣϲ𣿡
ϲȻϲϲǴɵء
ϲͺá
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ǡǲǲϹذ檾ϴνڻûȥأֽ˹ˣ¡ҧ´Լĵ˵˳
˵ܸˣΪѣϾûʲôóֵĹͣÿΪ˵ġ
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ˣЩЦһΪƤɰΪԼ˼Ȼֻһ仰
Ͼ⹬ɣĸŽλݣΪԼΪıȡٻ󣬸ߣĻǵ
ɲɵԼΪѣǺ޲ֱϻʺ֮λã֪˵ʲôá
ĻȷʵҲ𼸷ů⣬ԼǶԵģûаһء
ȻģԹö࣬ˣ˯ɡ
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ȷʵоۣԭӾͲãټû˯ãһִӦɣˣҲһֱǿţһֱۣ۵˯˹ȥ
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ǰǰּ⣬žȥ鹬µϢܿʹ󹬡
мʵģĽģҲҧгݵģǵóɣһŨŨΣС
ǰǾ¿òãһʱͻˣǸκв
ڿôһ
㿴ԴİĲȶ󣬿һȥ鹬˵Ϊͷλɵ棬ڸֱ˹λݣܽܡ
ǲҲû취ǵĺ񣬸׼ĻҪ׼ġ
һ˯磬ʱѾʱ
û뵽ԼһȻ˯˯ôãм侹Ȼûѣûй顣
Ҳܿҵԭԭڷ裬ð˿˿һֱģ˯˸þ
²²⣬һǱ߽͹ġ
񸮵ٶȵǹ죬ǰ˹ˣǱ߾˹˲õı
ѩһֱעߵĶ洫춯֪Լˣź
Ǳ˹˵ķʲôʱ׼̹ʱ˵һǱҲ׼ѩһ߸ͷһ߽˯ʱ֪
ν̹ʵǳõһЩưճƷϾ󹬹ɭϣ̫СĴӦõճƷϸƵģʺ֮¾ͲʹýλԲأʹôƵĴȵȡ
ÿһϸڣŻʼҹصɭϡ
Ȼ涨ǹ涨ʵʹ͵Ķ涨Χ֮ڣҪȻҲͲóгԼλݲʹõƷˣϾǷ˼Ϊ˼壬ҪһҲΪԼĸһЩ
֮ǰõƷǳλʱõһЩƷˣЩƷȻҪùλʹõƷ
ɡ»ص
Լ壬Ҳûʲô
һһԭҲϹ˲õĶϾλ֮õƷЩģкöã˭ԸòĶء
ѩЦӦū澹˹ȥ˵һ
ϴãַԸƽȥŷȡš
񸣵鹬ŷΪĵһʳȻһġΪƽ֮ǰ֪ʳθڲǺܺãҲֻܷ˼һЩʳθ˵
Ϊ񸣵û˵ټʮ˼һٷǳԵĺ⡣
Ψһһ㲻طǲܳԵ̫ԷٸһԳˡ
գ̹ڵһӦƷ˹λݲʹõĶ
˵һƷǳλݺ͹λͨõģó񸮵˻ǿµóķϣһոµġ
أԴӻȥ󣬵Ҳûʲô۶ӣصԸһݹ˵ĺ񣬲̬ȼõѯµ췽㣬Ҳ鹬һϯȻ鹬ļλɾһúùһλ֮ϲ
µʱ;ȼˣΪ˵ֻ˵˵أû뵽Թѯʣ̬ȻŵͣҪھϯĽడ
˵ʵڰʾõİţмųģϾ϶治һ׺챦ʯͷ棬ܹǰӵġ
أȴ鹬λھ˹ˣҲڰɹŵģܾܾܾġ
ȻֻܾܾӻûΪɣΪھϯʹƣһҪھϯӶ֮󣬵ʱҲӦĺһЩˡ


84 
½֮λϢں󹬴֮ľǸʼͺ
͵ķʽأΪλݵĸߵҲǸвͬλɴ඼˸Թū͹ģ£ѩº˵߸ɡ
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ȻһǾͱȽ鷳һˣһֳڴӦȻȣֱӴźģô죬ܾ֮ܲɡ
˵Ҫôɣһ죬ں󹬵϶Ҫôˡ
ԣҲֻܳ壬ʼԽӴЩˡ
˵ʵЩĳڴӦҲͰˣؼһʶ˵мλĹŮӺ϶в
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˼棬֪˵Щʲô
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ֵģҲ˵ػ˳ȥֻѩ˲ˮͰţʱ΢ЦʱӦһλ˵ˣʹǷ¶һƣ֮࣬ῴɫɣҲǡ
Ͼ߶ȥǾͲʽ飬ˡ
˾һɣܰȵһֱţĸҲɵӡ
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˵֮һֱûкĽ飬ÿιʲôشջ߻ʱǻǻᾭһ˵˵ġ
ԣЩİˣӦǰ»мֻϲġ
ѩ˺ò裬֪ӦһǸԻѩרŶ̾ĵĹ
רԵģǲˡ
ӦأҲǽˣȻܲĻһ߳ԣһЦض˵㣬ĵóԣҽôãûԹôóԵĵء
˵꣬һĳԵ
¼αϲЦóͶԵ㣬ߵʱѩٸһҲôȥԡ
Ӧ̰Եģһ˿ټʱͬһҲ˵̰ԣ˵ĺ
ԣӦϽ˰֣ԵǲУô࣬Ѿܲ˼ˣô߻ٴء
ȻƤҲĺܰԣֳõ飬ġ
µûʲôǰòôõĳʳԴ鹬ŷרʳ֮ڵĳʳǺõû˵˵һǰһһ£һ㶼Ϊ
ÿ־µСģҲûжϹġ
ֻӦȥһЩģ˵治Ǻѵ顣
Ҫ˵ӦˣмϲرԸϣĽϾ˼ҵ飬ŲװģԸһһģһǿϷݵģˣûۿˡ
µȻһ㣬ͲҪô˵ˣֻһЩСʳֲʲôضҲҪʲô
Ӧ¶˵ˣһЦлл㣬ͲˡҲȷʵϲֺóԵĵġ
Ӧһ߼ŵģһ߶˵Լļţ鹬·ϣ̫̫ҽԺ̫ҽģЩ
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ûӦ˵ԼĲ룬˿Уǵɸͨʱˡ
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Ҫɲˣõߵ׽̫ȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽɸС̫ɡ
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Ӧһƽɫ¶Դһ㷴ӦûУҲû˵ȥ
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ǸսϹ˵¹ϵ󣬱Ͼô֣࣬ӰĿ϶ˡ
ʱܳ裬ֵܷߵĳ谮϶ͻ޼
µûô࣬óһֱɹϵ飬һֱ֪֮Ҳûͷһ¸ߵ͡
Ͼ鿵꣬ӣŲɵԼŰء
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ڿɺãҪûûĵСڲһţĸ
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ҵڣɻṳ̂һأЩɣڱﻹ֪ôЦء
һصҲЩס˲˵Ҳ˼ֲϲʼôܰһǣݺݲһСˡ
˵ڶգǱ̫ҽ飬Ȼ˺
ֻĶе㲻һΪʵʵȴʮһˣ̫ҽ
ĺ˲²Ĳ̫࣬ҽʮһƹ֮û֪ͨǵȵ̫ɽ֮ȥǬ幬
Ի֮¿أټó裬ʮһӲˣôܲȥһء
˵ˣԴӻعȷʵҲûüȥһճõСӣأӣûôĹ
ȥ֪֮ʮһӵõĲʲôëֻЩӶѣҲͷټɫ˳ҲЪڡ
һޣҲͳ˳µ顣
飬ںȻǴģסҪ˵ûţϾǿعһޣͷô֪ܲء
󹬴ʲôŶأЩɲΪʮһӣпһû޹ˣѾûǰó
ھҪʵǣѾһûˣҲǺ󹬵һˣҪĻ
㿴ʮһֻ΢һСëȥǬ幬˵һ붼ľ
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²֪ôģ֪ľ֮󣬵˺һ
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òûļƵɣں߲ԶģֻȻںаˡ
ǰԼɲһԱ
ȻڿŹʺˣڿԻ˸죬Ժιĺռһϯ֮أƾӣϴϴ˯ˡ
޺ѩԭΪԼȼ־뷨ûأû뵽ԼȴʲôӦûУǸóԵĳԣúȵĺȣÿѧϰǿѧϰ˿û뷨ӣЩūŸ˼
룺ԼǴ˳Ȼ
ȷʵѩǰ˳ȻԼȻûеļֶΣʵʵĴţһûˣãٰԼԽȥǾ͵òʧˡ
У翵۲ŴԵĵ濴ˣЩֶ
Щܡ
϶һЩֻǿ˵ưˣϾЩûʲôʮ֮Ҳĵ֮ڣЩֻҪߣ̫ҲЩΪŮҫ
ЩɣȻûݴˡ

ĳɹޣڹеĺܶж֮ǰǻ˼İ粡أڿǰƣ
İ粡𽥺תޣµȣҲûʲôù˼ˡ
һʱ䣬ɿʼɹͨ·ӵģΪԼͷƣȥʱиλãӵʱأҲܹһۿǵӡ
ҲлӴǬ幬ϢģҲпʼд𾭣߻̫·ӵġ
Ȼľǹ԰ˣӲûǮЩòӵĵλ˵òˡ
ԣ԰Ȼ࣬˵ûеΪĵزȷʵ˺üǴ絽ƣܸ԰Ŀż˵еɴء
²֪ôģɵ¡
ڵСӣĿˣԵúã˯ĺãϾʱ򿴿飬ֻȵʱأڷϼ裬Ȼ˯һ
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85 
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֮ڲ֪˵ʲôûֱȥ鷿Ǹȥ
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Ϣһֱһںɵˡ
˶ŪڵӵôģǶõıֻᰡھȻɵɵĽүֱƵǰ
ⲻë
Ϣʱյسűϣһ߳ԣһƽϢ
Ǻأ
ڻһСʹˣȻȥ˾鷿
µ˵ͷʾ֪ˣȻƽȥ
ƽһߣԱߵѩ̲ס߶£ƽﲻڣŷϵעˣɲټȥˣһûͲðˡ
ǰó裬йɫڳ֣ѩԼļϻ𣬾¿֮תͷͽԼ֮Ժ
Ͼ飬ں̫ˣΣ
˵ԼӾ⼸ÿ쾫ͷãСҲ֮ǰ࣬ӹǿӦúõĲˣ޿϶ûκġ
Լڲû޹̵λǿǽ֮ǰõĴþ棬װ˷ѵˡ
Ͼİ粡ת˵ͻ뿪Ͻǣȥ⣬һ£ʱһ棬Ǿ͸˲ܵ顣
Ϊʲôһֱļϻԭ
ԣŲӲС΢΢һ٣һŵӦûôҰɣŸչȥ찡
Ĭһ£һڲأӦòôɡ
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ҲΪʲôöСɣֻһξȻں󹬵ԭ򣬻ϸ˹ﻹôһˡ
ԼڽˣѾһλǣҲֻʮµ飬㿴Ĺ˻𣬳ɹˡˡͨˡƽˣǰĸԼеλ档
أм޹Ѿòˡ
ңѩĵԴӽ֮󣬺ڵ״̬ûмȡ̬ΣУǷ
ˣİĲ𽥺ת˵һվȥ⣬һ£֮ǲǵӣ治˵
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˵ΣȷʵҪڿ֮ǰһΣҪȻȵλүпܽˡ
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ױϣ½һƽ֮غ֮ŴѩţŰס
ſڣаߵĹŮͶ˽ȥ
ʱμڣͰ˽ı裬鹬絽ļһ˵лһ˸Ͻֹס˻ͷ
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Դ½֮󣬳ӦǸʺڰڵͬסһʱûкúôùϵ˸ˣŪ˹ϵ룬벹ȶ֪֡
ǰȥͺҲȥˣԭŸºú˵˵ͻ͹ϵû뵽ʱɣϸһһˣҲûܸºú˵ϼ仰
ôõĻᣬǲԸŹ
ҵôǰôˣ˵Ҳмֹ˼ɣ̫ѿŶԡ
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ֳϣȷʵ棬ֻЦ˵㾴Ɑƣÿ϶Ҫȵġ
֮ǰѾ׼Ϊ׼ϲ磬Ⱦƿ϶Ǳⲻ˵ġ
ʱԱߵŹЦŰ½ΧպãȾƵоͺãÿɲҪӱ֣ЩǰƤǺء
Ź˵ȻֱףΪдżŨŨĴȤζǣû˾Уо˼ֽùϵ
ⲻŹ˻䣬ϵնʱ
ЦŴȤѽŽǵģҪҴأ㿴ôһ˵õļƻɲ
Цԭ㱧˼Ҳ㶼ƭˡ
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ЦǺǵ˼û˵ѽ˭죬˵أԣڹҪˡ
Ԭڿ鹬ΧЦţֻձͷ̡
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ŰʩһЦŵллΪģ¸жĶ֪ллˡ
˴µİţЩΪԼǰĽ٣ǰҪǲ˵ʲôǶԲסɵһġ
̬ȣһͬʱϵЦֿ˼֣ʲôллģˣΪ鹬⣬Ϊ鹬λ˻أʲôĲĵġ
ԣ֪˵ⷬ˶ո̬ȵĸˣҲԼһ̬ȺϢ
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ԳԺȺȣ˵˵ЦЦ䣬Ů˶Щ⡣
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86 
ܿһ·ͨĵǬ幬֣̫Ͻǰ˰֣·˼
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ʱĿɹźϴ裬Ź¸·Ů֪λó裬ķѵү˵ˡ
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87 
ڿĿţºǲǰȦȦԴͷǿҲ
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88 
գ´˯ԵɵɻδӦںδʱͿͷϵĻɫɴʣ˯ȥ˴롣
һӵʼΧл顣
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Ȼǰź
ūаģӭģܹܰū澶˹źСģСǬ幬ʲôҪֻܷԸū澶˱ǡ
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93 
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أѾµУΪһֱǺܺãټŹȨÿջҪרųʱ䴦ǶӵǱ̥µиҪС࣬ɫǾ͸˵ˡ
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̽ԵѯʣٴУΪǲǶʲôĹȨ
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94 
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95 
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⻰ɲ˵ٵģƽʱϴԼӵӣܿһÿԼӷϿŭ壬С
Ǿ͸ܴԶдŹѵˣӿĻ
֪ĶࡣһЦһ䣬һԸĲš
дĴֽĻǾԵ̫ˣֻһŲСֽҲͰˣ滹ֻ
ĵһ仰أյĵ֮ҲйоصĵһỰֻһ䣬ĻҲдŵҪĿġ
أһĻҲдĺĲˣµʱ仰֮󣬶û̲סͱЦ
룺Ҳ֮˵˭أֱ˵Ҳ˾ˣд˺٣ǿ仰ʲô˼
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֪ʱ᲻оһѾ˵̲ס͵͵졣
һ뵽Щ̲סԼԲһʱ龰ԽԽЦʸԼдŵʱǸдҲ֮ʱģԼԲһ顣
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96 
ѾǰǸóСӦôҲСʥ裬ƽֵٵ͵˶һһɣҲ
ԣƽ·ҹУٵ·֣̫ˡ
رЩҪмҪֵĸλɣ鹬һжǱߵϢ͵˸С
ֻǸտʼʱǲ²ƽ·ҹеʲô飬찵飬ټϽ֣̫ǰȥ鹬Щ˺ܿʹ˿Уٲ³ࡣ
ǵ֪ͨУԶĿд֮кüɣ̲סڸԹ￪ʼˡ
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ԣޱ˵ϣֺ̲סߵպ޺޵ȻǸؼļˣүԶ⣬ŷӹţǰС
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97 
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뵽ǰЩˮ򵽵ĸֺóˮԸˮݳ޵Ĳˡ
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֣̫ಢûж룬ֻΪж˺ǿأΪ˿֮š
֣̫ൽ鹬˵ˣǲ죬־ùãʼҵĿҵ񶼷񵽼ſˣר֣̫һûżĸ
񣬼ֱ̫˰
أһ뵽Լļƻ±Ķ֣̫֣ллܹܣأʱûøддʲôأɣٹ죬ʱӦþдϵˣ֣ʱٵȡ㿴ɺá
ˣǰ죬ٹ죬·ϵг̣ʱ䣬֮ǰдһŵļƻͶˡ
֣̫˵ףЦǺã˵˼ūŹȡš
֣̫ص·µ˼˵һ顣
Ժ󣬹ֻͷ׹֪˵ʲôˡ
˾ǸɵӣõĻᣬȻҪٹүдţǸľԴ
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ԣ˰죬дһš


98 
ȿյеĻţȹлء
Ϲ˰죬˰죬鹬ֻèڶŸûøôдأ
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ԣʣã֮ǰ飬ʣʲˡ
ȲĴţֻӳĵһҳֽȴ֣һС
΢΢һ㶣ܿ촽΢䣬¶ЩЦ⡣
Ȼ֪ԭǻửġ
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ϾѽڣǲҪʹҪȥ̫̫밲ڿӡ


99 
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֪ձ̫̫ټһЩСɵϣһʱ֮䣬ڼ֮ɫ
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һ룬ƽ࣬ʼɽȻڱϵ̫̫ͻ̫д
ʽϣʹλָλɣ̫̫ĻֻҪжɣֵСǾҪйˡ
Ƚʵʵĸ̫̫Ĺͷ̫̫С֮¾ʵʵվ󣬼ȥˡ
ȻˣҲû͵͵һ̫̫ò
ΪȨƵŮˣѾʮТׯ£Ӻ̬ЩֵģټгɲĥѾһ˵Ӱˡ
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Ҫǣڴ󰢸̫ſԶ⣬ڹУ̫أٴ尢һʱϣĸӼǷ⡣
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壬ҪԽԽãĸˣϲԼĶﻷϥء
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Ȼµİţʹɸˣһ̫̫ͻ̫ܺúϢϾϣмµĻҪУأ֮ǰİţѾȫƷҪµĵ
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100 
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Ϊڴ˸ڿأû뵽ȫˡ
ڶΧ̫̫ߣһһŷӣֺλڻأй򣬸ڿѽ
У̫̫ͻ̫ǰλϵĸλɣʸ񿪿֮⣬λµЩСڵĻᶼûС
Ȼˣа繫С⣬СûзԵĻᣬǸġ
Աߵѩһ߰˳صĻףһ߿ʵӣڴûΪɣ
ΪֻиλɲܴһŮȥΪССɵĹŮֻţǲܸŽȥģԣڴڷһУѩ֪顣
ҡҡͷصǵûУֻ̫̫ģ˵Ϊҡ
Ȼֽڴ飬ѩһ顣
ѩ󣬵˵Ļʹһˡ
飬ںǰĺʺȥˣƽ˽ĹТѻʺڵĹĻʹС١ࡣ
ǲ֪ϻһʲôλݣ᲻رܳ衣ѩ̲סֹһ䡣
С١ǻϵױãΪ˹١ǱߵӣӦҲ̫ˡ
֪С١Ͻĳ谮Цſģʲôŵó輸찡õĵҲӦЩˡ
˵⻰ÿƽʳӽ۷Ź⣺ȱ˵ˣһϣϽš
ѽͶǰ󱳣˵ûˣоԼڶܳһͷţȥ
ѩ֪ͶˣҲǽӹƽʳУʼڿϲš
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ʱʼϺأµĻЩַַ飬Ϣ˿ɲС
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Ҳǣϥӣֳɵĺûᣬô̫̫ܲĻء
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ңҲΪԼУԱƽʱûԼСȥˣǶ಻㰡
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101 
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˵ԼˣԼҲûֵʲôãǺαء


102 
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ãͷԸȥùںɢ̫̫˵ЩȻҲֳɵģһ˫һۣѾȥТ׶˾ʺ󡣡
ѽ̫ˣ̲ס̾ԼĴȻôõķѹˡ
˭ľ˫Ȼ˵۾أүҲǱ˫۾ߵġ
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Ǵ񣬸С١ؽ͵ʧ˳裬ʲôôΪʧ˳裬үͻ㣬Ȼں󹬵óˡ
ʹ˵ֱӣڸˣֱӴС١һֱĻ룬ҪΪԼүıãүһ谮
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տʼʹ˵ʱС١ϻмֲȵʹһ˵ãӣ߰
֣Լһ㶼Ȳˣ˵ں󹬵ó裬صòɣںҲֻŸеȶѡ
ڴǾ͸̸ˣС١֪֮һܴˡ
ʹС١ڲĴ룬ҲǸһ
˵ʵԼõмＸأ˭ף١ҲףҪƾԼҪں󹬵óʵ̫ˣȥˣô֣Ҳֲϡ
С١Ψһƣ١ҵݣǻʵ۱õݣڣֻҪǣү١ҽŮ
ԣС١빬һģվȽŸ
ʹŽ͵Щһֱʥ費˥磬˵Ǻóһ㶼Ϊ˳Żãһʧ˳裬ͣܿͻֵóʱ󹬾ͻֱ͵£ʱﻹʲô¡
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ʹֳŶͷɫƣԼҽãͲˣҲһ죬ȥúЪŰɡ
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У˶Ĳмͼżֻζ
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һ磬ƣѿɫȥ밲ִӱ˿е֪˺ڵĴԣֱ
֪ģҪأ
ǰʱ֪˳ۣݣҲҸϣװ⡣
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ȻѾˣõҲãʵڲеĻҪȥ̫̫һΣ
ɿһûô˯õС΢΢һЦȻһֿ˵ԼĿġ
ˣǲ찲ԭ򣬵֮Ҳейϡ
Ȳ˵ɵû˾֣Ҫ˼İȹѹصĻԺӣ϶Ҫ԰հ
˵ʲô¡
Ͼо仰˵ĺãûа׳Եͣûкô˼ҰƾʲôҪ㡣
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ҲûֻЦЦǿǡ
ʵͿǺˣպˣڰɵİҲֻѡ񲻽ܣԼŬŬº󲻾⣬ôŬˣٲԼڡ


103 
ţдŵʱ򣬺ԺŹȴߵĴŮˡ
ӭŹãѩ֮ң˾ĿϣӵĹӺͲյ
˵л֮Ź˾ʹԼУóһ۵ֽţŵǰ
ŷӣ룬ǸôˣǾ仰ҪأҸɿ̫ҽһۡ
µĴŹ룬ĽŷӸ±ȽϺã˵ʱϡ
ȻŹǹͷӵģǸŹ˵ллл㣬þȴ֮ˡ
ȻһʱûŷӣŹ˼Ȼ͹ˣҲ˼Ҵȥֻ˷źã˵գĻϡ
ͲҪˡ˷ӣŹҲˣЦŽһ䣺ֻһȰһ䣬粻˳٣ÿҪˡ
仰Ҳøһ仰ˣ˲Ϣ䣬ջóأ˵վͳӣ
Ҫи񣬴ӴԺҲ̣ڶԴлӻŮϣɱûɣҪݶˡ
µллΪ룬Ҳǲ֪ô֮ˣ飬ûٻһҪ˳ȻĻãҪǲܣٴҲ١
Ź˵ĺ⣬Ҫ¾ȥȴһ¡
ҩֶİΪӵԵʣǸë
ҪĻ϶
ԣзԼУԱֶΣһǵòõʱ
ҪȻǲʹַӵġ
ٴֵĻشŹҲһµ˽⣬֪ǸЩͬһλеߣм֮ˣΪһʱͺôͻ᲻ֶΡ
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Լ˾ͳɡˣ밲ǻᣬãʲô飿
ΪѣŹȻǲϣɽ£ȥ
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Ź֣΢΢˶٣ôֱӾܾˡ
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˵ʵһʱ䣬ɾܴ飬֪ģ˵̫̫԰ɵ̬ȣҲǰࡣ
½͵̫̫ҪΪĻң㰲ȥԼ䣬϶ҲûʲôôװǷ飬Ҿˡ
飬ֹǷô򵥣µǱ˰ϣʱȥףɾˡ
ŹҲһܾҲãһպʲôõĵطȷʵҲð죬Ҳá
УûԵ޹ʵİΰҪ£պҪʲôͷϣ²Ҳð
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Ȼҡҡͷ飬ʲô÷ӣλݣҲû취ЩҥԵĹ˶졣
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Źߺȥ鷿ʼʸдš
ȻѾ̫̫ҲûʲôǣΪһ̫̫ĺӡ󣬶ѹԼٸдŵĴˡ
εţһдԼճ
ι˺üֿζ±һرϲԣһζܳȻƤĸ̾һ䣬ϧϽǣҪȻ϶飬һ֮Ļ
ٱ磬ֵļãڶѾʼˣŹ˶ã϶ͻˡ
֮أһҳķʽ˵ϣ̫̫ԣ˵һ˫۾úТ׶˾ʺ̫̫ǲġ
أһʵĿʿ˵СʱһǼТ׶˾ʺģһ˫۾ǲ˵һТ׶˾ʺ۾мء
ûдĻҲûд̫̫̬ΣֻһֺɻĿǣһԼĺġ
ŵĩβأдͥһ˼ǵʫʣӰ춹˼֪֪
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д֮¾ͽƽ͵·֮ʲôžˡ
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Ȼ˵̫̫飬ȴ˵˹﹬ڴ˵һ˫۾Т׶˾ʺ֮¡
Сѯʿô졣
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պ󣬿յ˹š
ԭ¸дţͦ˵ģϾдŵƵʣԱǰһЩڼôָдţôܲء
ֻǿŵ֮󣬿ȴüͷ
Ȼֻдйϣ̫̫ѯµһ˫۾ǲǳТ׶˾ʺһ˫۾飬ԼȴѾԲ˵ʱһϷ
֪նģΪû˱̫̫Զ񣬲ֹô򵥣Թޡ
Ժų˹Ľɡ
ȴϣµһ˫һۣȥĶ˼ɼһߡ
ȿٿе֮ڵĴһµʶ
㿴жֻ̫̫˵Ĵԣɼһǣ̫̫󣬺֮˶֮
Ҳɵӣдôֱֵ˵
ȻһɵСʱТ׶˾ʺһ˫۾ǲһ˫۾ú
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ʵĻʵۣСҪˡ
Ͼ̫̫ԼԶҲŲ˵ڹҲʲôܡ
̾һʼдţһдﻹһ룺ָӴ˾ɵǲҪˡ


104 
µݳţſǱ߻ŵʱֻһգĻûȵȴһ벻Ϣ
ǲ֪ܹܴǬ幬̫࣬󹬵ץ˲ٴԵĹˣȻЩȫӽ˾ūŻЩץĹ棬ء
һ˵󹬸ոշ飬ƽ˿ȣüɫ裬ǰձֳ֮״ȣóԱȡ
ر˵ץ֮ʱֻôڶڲס
οûڣ˻ء
ܲ죬йԼӵԣں󹬴ʲôˡ
Ȼҵ˼˭֪ء
ںˣǴԣ侮ʯڽ˾ǻôſ񣬾㲻ҲǰǲƤ
ƽ˵Щġƽȳסľѩˡ
쿴йԼӵԣĻֵƶ£ҵķչżľˡ
էһϢѩһεĸо
ƽЦŸѩػѩ㣬⵱ȻģҾһӣҲǰ˵ٻǰɡ
ǰϢ֮󣬲ŸܵԼӸǰϢġ
ʱԭһֱŵһģƽĻ֮Ҳڷ
΢ǣй¶ڵĺ顣
˭ǿڹߣץЩԵĹˣǾ˵Ƿ˿ּ¡
ҪȻôȨء
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Ϊݺ֮£һֱ겻ûκ顣
üĿͽҲ̽˿˼ܰһЩˡ
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ڹкȻںץˣȻֱӶ˾飬ֱ󹬣һ
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տ鹬ߣһֱûʲôΪˡ
ôϾһССĹˣôܶùλء
û뵽ǣ̫иλɶܵ飬·ܹܹУȴͻȻˡ
ˣ֮ǰһҲûУһѸײڶٶȣǬ幬ֱ̫࣬ӵץˡ
һֱӴ˺Щһֲ
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˺ҵĽЩڱƲ侮ʯ޹ϵ
ЩĺܺãͷģҲǱߴֻǸڱĴ˼лѡ
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ҪƹˤĽడ
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ԣ˿϶˵ܶ໵Żÿ棬˶ġ
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飬ȻѾǵÿŭǴߣͲ̫̫ܿ
ܿҪúõλڻġ
ֻͦãȥ˴֮ȴֱӳһŸ
Ȼֹĸ˵̫̫Ӳʣκĸоֻ̫̫дʡ
ˣǰпùץĹˣͶȥ˾д̵̫̫ܶᵽʲôаʯͷԼĽţʲô͵ʴס
Ԥľ棬һ
һǡ෴˲ûбƵʧ裬ԼȴѾÿ̫̫ˡ
ɫѿĴӴҧҧֱ̫סٹ
̫һֱ尢磬Ȼ̫̫һƲ
̫󲻹ܺվã˻̫֮Ҳҽ˵֪
Ҫ˵ڶ̫̫Ը𣬾ǻ̫ԼҲǺܲԸ֮
ϾΪȵ˳үǲĻʺ֮λǶκڰĺҲһֱĽɡ
ٹУŻ̫˵һ尢Ȥ£Ҳֻܸȥ
ǰٹĿģ̫ʵ֪һЩϾץ˵ĶС벻֪ѡ
ǻʵ۵˼֣Ҳֻǰװ֪顣


105 
Ǭ
ϣʹпɫпϣɫмֲѣֲˣصĿдС١ϡ
ŮҩǰС١ϱֽӹ˹Ůҩ룬ȻһʢҩС͵ʹߣһ߿ڵкץ˵飬ô
ʹ¿пҩֳһ߹Ůݹ۽ڱһ̾û뵽˵ֶξȻ֮ߣ˵үάҲͰˣȻүΪôһû
һ̫ϣӦ˵ǳԤϰɡ
Ͼںô꣬ߵĶ˳˳ˮѽû뵽ȴһ޼Сֱ˴۾
֮ǰʱ˭뵽Ľء
ҲǣҪ뵽ˣͲֺöһŵˡ
ںˣʲôôûҲͰˣ͵ʴףһɧ
ʵ˵˵ȥ̫ˣֻΪһСˣ͸һֻһ򵥣û뵽Ҳᷴҧ˵ġ
ͬӵһǳవ֮󣬲
ؾһ֮Ҳѧ˲٣ٲ֮ǰǰˡ
֮ǰҪȶȹǰѹ˵˵ǰȥ̫̫û
ɼǰΪ𶭶֮٣Ѿ˼ֲϲ֮ġ
ĴѾ˼ֲ
һЩ飬ʹֺ˼С١ϵҩȻС١һ飺㵹ǿԸ˽ύһͣʥ裬أڸ빬ȣԺ֪֮٣ǿԸ
ʹףƾС١ϵòԺŮƵĺ󹬵ó裬ЩѣʤڼãҪܸóʱ߶߶պλݣҲں󹬳͸ˡ
С١ȴ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ԼĽ㾹Ȼ˼
һĨڣ鶼ڵʹĽȻ飬⣬ҲûӦ
ġ
šʹ˵ͷ
ȻǺܴʤȻպܴ١Ҹһ¥ֻҪʲô£ںУܰĹһġ
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֮ӣ²ûжӹעںɵķ粨ֻԼСӣÿճԳԺȺȣддоǳʱ䣬ԶĿдš
أȴмֽͷöĵȥ˼δ֮ǰһûм̫̫档
Ҫ̫̫󲻼ҲĸλҲͰˣƫƫʱ̫̫󻹻Ӽһ밲
һĴԽˡ
Դ빬󣬴ûܹίֶܵԴûյĹ˾ۿɼĹ
ˣǰ޴󷽵գҲԵм㲲Ҳ˼
ٲճʱĸ߰ƣ
ҧҧĿʼ̫סٹܡ
ף̫̫󲻿ϼȥ̫ֻϣ̫尢ķϣ̫̫ܰǰ˵û
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Ҳʱ򣬿عʱ䣬ҲѾȷھ³
һʱ䣬ˣһһĿʼæµµĸ£úñƤĿʼƤȡõ״̬ӭӿ
ǰ飬ȵӭӿҪ
Ͼˣ֮϶ҪޣôʱûʥգҪƴһѣŬһأԲԡ
ҪعϢµ鲢ƽҲҲˣҲʼԼ
Ĥ֣壬ÿձҪ飬Ϊ˿֮ܿһԼ
һĹȥںָͷʼſ֮ʣµ׵һҹ󹬣һ޴ˡùŵѡ
һ˯õ£Ҳùŵˡ
һŴߵЬ´һߺһֵҹŮ޵֡
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֪淢˺£ʡ
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ǣūȥ
޸¸˸֮󣬾Ϳ첽߳ңŴϢȥˡ
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ڴôãѾͷˣױݣϵҲŨױĨ˭ֻһͺá
޻ĺܿ죬ߵͷûãʹϢˡ
ΪܵļҺ󣬻еϿѾٵĿڣϢ˵˳
ӣū澴ˣղùŵǴǱߵС̫࣬˵̫̫ڸող÷˲ͦأǱֵصҽѾˣС̫ǹ֪ͨġոҲ˻鹬ɣȥء
޴ϢͷһӶסˣû뵽Ĵ飬ȻǴ̫̫󷢲ˡ
С̫Ȼҹпţ̫̫εĲذ
ع֮ͷĶּӿ˼֣ͬʱڷԸ޵¹Ҵŵ·
װҪɫģһ磬ɫҲҪǳһ㡣
Ȼһֻ񣬵Ҳ֪ʱɻĶ࣬ٲܴ̫޵·ȥҪȻ϶˿ʵ
ʱҪ˿ʵĻǺɾˡ
Ӧūס
˵꣬תϽȥ¹ѰԼҪ·
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ʱڣٸȻµķӦ죬Ҳֻǰŵ顣
λɶҲܿ죬Գֺ󣬿ҲһֳǲûϵϼˣͼҴҸ̫̫Ĵ
鹬ȽϽǵĻǱȽģǾϣ˵ıǸ硣
˾
ֻ絽ҲûʲôãֻվŰˣֵصҽء
˵֮ĶԹһۺ죬һҲΪֻǺŮ˶ϷһѺ֣ɫ糣¼֮ҲǺ޲
֮󣬰ɱ絽Ͼ磬Ӧö֪һй̫̫顣


106 
ŸϵĵԺڼˣȻǱ˾һС˵Ż
λߵĻʹ󣬾ֱӴϼ絽λ˴ѯ̫ҽй̫̫Ĳȥˡ
ٹԶһϹǻ̫
ֻ¶ɫ̧˵ĽͣȣѾֱһ۸ͷߴŮ֣Ҵҵȥ
ļٶֻңɼ̫̫̫ͻĵĺ͸顣
Ҳǣ̫̫ηȷʵΪա
Ϊ磬Ѿ֪̫̫ͻļҽһΪзļҲǰҽ˵Ѫܲ
ֲһŪãͻͻȻʡ£ͬʱಢ֢ʲôƫ̱˵壬бȵһϵеĺ֢״
̫̫أھ
ֲôĹż󹬵˶أҲ̫̫̫󣬽ͦȥһذ
Ȼˣ̫ҽҩҲźܴĹϵ
ҹ¿ЩȽϼٵֻһװѾɫףҪʱʱźۼĶŽţů֮һθ̾ԼʱഩһȻ㲻磬ڸһվԺﱻɪɪ
ֵСʱʹ˴ӵڳסڹ̫̫һԣȫҲҹ˹
ɼ̫̫֮ء
Ҳ֪̫̫һܲͦȥվߵŹˣСֹһ䡣
µ̫̫࣬϶ͦһصġ
⻰ǶŹ˵ģҲǶԼ˵ġ
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ʹƣ壬żλλ߳
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ַǳʱڣʹ˵⻰һҲ֣ڿǰ¶
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˵̫̫Ĳʱ⣬֫ľﲻ壬бĲ֢ڣûȫкܴ󸴷ĿԣǾҪЩһ̼ˡ
Ͼֱ־Тĵĺûᣬû˭ӲãؾڼҲһ
ԣʱһһıԼûᡣ
˵̫̫ͻ̫ʱˣò˿û龩֮ǰ
һĻͿԽ̼Ļᣬȡúñһʱ̼йķϣ֮ǰΪ϶Ҳ֮ǰǰˡ
ԣʹĻ䣬ȲĿڵǰ̼ӦõģֻǻʹӲãֻУҪȻ̼飬ͽɰɣʹΣ
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ʱͿԳû̫̫ǰ¶ټϱл̫ΪΪ̫̫̼Ĺͣһ뻹䵽ϡ
ֻͦã˻һڣͱʹ͹Ծܾˡ
ں󹬻ôʱģһҲɵӣĻһڣǾѾ֪ʲô˼ôء
ʱ򣬱˵ǲˣֻҪܶǾͲֵ̫̫ܽĻóȥ
Ҫ˵˵Ǹ̫̫̼ʱõԶ֣һӵĹֲǰ裬ֻҪӶѣ׬һТ˳ǲŲɵء
ʹֱӵõĺ⣬ˣȻһǺܺã̫̫̼飬ܳŵסġ
Сť»ҲԱؿڵԼԼͲõˡ
ʱǿҲٴһζ
ȻڵĳδЩ̫ѿΪ˽ù龩ĿֻҲ˼˵ڡʵո˵ڵĻ뷨Ҳ࣬ϣӲõĻʹ͹˳θ̫̫̼Ķ顣
ڿ˻Ӧ˼Ҳ֪λƴӲãҲҪˡ
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ȥΪ̫̫ǰһЩʱ䣬˷ֳ൹Ϊһ飬һչ̫̫ĸʱ
һһ죬ڶ֮ٷ
ֻŵĻ˭ڰչˣ˭չˣͳĽ㡣
ԵûлȨеɣͷֵҹһ̼ʱֻаһˣƾԼ֮׵ĵλ̫̫ǰһڰ̼Ļᡣ
Ȼź̼ѡڴ̼̼ûȥϢϢ
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Ȼԡ£Ϊд𾭵׼
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һУ¶ȽѩͼŮֲЩݺݮҪչˡ
أҪ鷿һһĳд𾭡
ʱ䣬ֻ˵һ
Ϊ̫̫Ŭдʹ˾̼ɹҲڴ԰оΪ̫̫ʱԶĿھһգյй̫̫ͻ౨ʱ֡
һ˼򵥵ʾһǴּ⣬˰ţȻʼ̣ؾ
ڵ̫ӵˣ̡
ڶ磬ִϽǵĿϢֱ̫̫󴦡
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ԣһۼһƣ͹ȡ㲲ǰǸǡ෴
Ϊ֮һ㶡


107 
й֮󣬲ԱߵĹڣѾȶԿڴѰոշҩѾ˯ȥˡ
ĻǰļٵģȻ΢һĿ⣬ҲһЩ
ӣ磬ڼ㲲ģǰߣҲݲ
أʱҲĹ۲顣
Ϊÿǽʾ֭СͣȵǧѷĻᡣ
ܳô꣬Կ˼˵Ƕܲ¶԰ɣҲ˽һЩ
յǱ㲣Ϊչ̫̫ͳдԿնԴЩŶˣܹмָдϧ֮飬ǰ֮£мʱ˿̣˾ǷҲӦ˴롣
תɫҲĶˣ
ԱߵĹˣڿǰãչ̫̫ĹԼϣɫмֲÿ
رװһС׻ģڿǰȡϧ֮飬ÿ֮ǰĴ˼ֻ֮ɫǺ޵
أΪ˱ֺ󹬽úı󣬻ܽҴƵ֪
뵽ԼɫҲǺܺÿй̫̫̼Ҳѧģſڵүһҹ·Ҳ˯ˣҪүȥЪϢЪϢߣǽչء
ղֻŽ̫̫Ĳ飬ûע⵽վԱߵĹ
ע⵽ˣȴ΢΢ü
Ҫ˵ǰΪ಻ãɫûֹɫһݶΪ
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;ùǹ̼ǹҵģڵӣչˣ߷ֳչࡣ
ԣڹ˵ֱ֮üͷھͻسȥٲûô̵ĹˣõͦŴվ
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һߣɫָֻԼȥҵطϢһᣬ޽ȥ̫̫󡣡
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ɾŬ˳Է˯֮⣬ҲյĹ򣬲ųдһվ
˵ڸ̫̫̼Ӵ֮󣬻д𾭸̫̫˯ء
˼ƴļһȣ¾Լֱ
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ΪˣѩЩżϻ𣬿ʼ³д𾭣һܱȥľͷомֺЦ
ʱѩõ̴̺󣬰һ°ϳþĵֽţȻſڵӣոƽϻعˡ
ԣëʵ΢΢һ٣ϻˣ
ˣƽϻǬ幬ûأֱӾȥ˴
֣ͣëʷŵԱߵıɽϣȻùõĲյڣţ˺ѽٲĵˡ
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վƽӣģ󹬶Ѿˡ
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ʱ䣬Ҳ˵һ̥·ݳϵģҲǿŵһ˸ȥûþˡ
Ǹʱ򣬵磬Ҳȥû೤ʱɡ
һ뵽һ㣬Щˡ
ȻˣĻеʣ׵ľǺ󹬴Ӯҵıرѽ
ֲ˼ܳΪ̫أĺҲ˭еģ
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رЩ϶ˣ֪ԺпܻỳУȴû뵽һ쾹Ȼ֮죬֮硣
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108 
͹
һĽһƷ༫õīƵڵأȻҧгݵúõĳ飬˭й¶˱еϢ뿪͹أʲôţ񶼸ܳˡ
ǰ̫ҽ͹һеϢѾĺɡ
β
Ů֥ϽŵԱߵ̫ʦãȰڻӣòҪŭ
Ȼֲ²Ҳ̫ҽǱ߲С©˷Լ﹬˴ȥģҲпܵġ
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ǣūȥ֪ͨϲһ֥Ӧ
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֥ߺ󣬵ͷһƽ̹Сոŭɶ飬ƽϢһЩ
ĺӣźµĿҩ֭źò׵ģţһ̥һҪǸС簡
뵽Ŀ΢뵽һ顣
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һ۵ɫصܸдˣҲкܴϵ
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֮ǰ׼ܿҲ뿪ˣأڿʼޣҲһʼԾԾ


109 
һ磬ڵϣ۾ŪǼ軨ݲݣſڴ΢ĽŲţͼŹ˽
ǾȻȻһϲ
տȥ͹еĵ֪ģû뵽տ
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ΪʲôôûͬأЦСȦȦ
Ȼµıȴǡ෴ֻСһٵˮίͰ͵檳ģ
⻰ôӣ
Լ˵ǣᱻֱӴȥ
ｿüͷ΢ίͰ͵Сģͷһ
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۲΢תæϵС
ֻǻȻ˵жȴġ
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˵⻰Ȼ˫˵һ۰Ͱ͵ؿ
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110 
Ϊ̫̫֮£һʱ䣬󹬵Ĵ٣һǾµ׵ʱ򣬹Сť»ʮһŮһγһС١ޣһأȥ͹еĵ
Ժɵһ˫۾۰Ͱ͵ĳǬ幬
ⲻǰŸ뿪鹬йү˵飬ܿʹ˺󹬡
һ˶˵ĵó裬ˢһµʶ
˽ֲֹһ¼أмϲѽҪȻôȥ鹬ء
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Ҳͻʱңڵᣱ죬ҪȫµģҪѬһ飬Ҫ·Ҫѡԡϴһ飬˵ʵʱͰ͵ء
߶ôȻİɡ
ֻǰɺǺ棬үѾ˳æʲôء
ūùעһӦүɽɻ
ԣɶŲյ΢΢һ١
Ϣ֮УҲ֮⣬ҲмֳǸǰץסᣬÿޣɼ֮
ھεĴѾЪٴͷֻһס̫̫ҪȻ˵ó裬Ҫʼˡ
ɻһȻ󿪿ڷԸȥ׼īֽ⣬Ҵдš
ԽԽó裬ѹûѹˣҲֻ취һˡ
֪ʲô뷨תȥ鷿׼īֽȥˡ
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ⶫĿԳԣü۴ЦؿױһǴķ̲סмֲŵ
»صǵȻ檶Ѿⷬһˣζ̫ζˣóԵĲˡ
˵˵ţճʱζˡ
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˵ô࣬Сβ̲ס¶ˣҲ̲סЦ
˵ⷬôôĺóԣ仰ǽҪĿİɡ
ȻһЦûطֲеطѽԷǱߣвٵĿյطء
Цû죬¶ʱ֪˵ʲôˣ˰죬һֱڶء
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˵ŻʳָʹĴָһһС˼
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111 
ҲµֻǱ˼ڼĸԼ˵ͻҲûôˡ
ټ˫С֣󷽵ԭһΡ
ԣֱֳȻһ˫ķĿ֪ˣ
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ˣʲôһǧĵ˽ǰҲḡ棬ĳȡ
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112 
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ԣ¾С죺̫ˣ檿
Ҫһʵһֱϲֱ󹬼ǧɲ˵ģ˿һһðأֲܳഺԶʮꡣ
ԣӦ˵Զʮ꣬ʱ䳤ˣʵһҲתϲɡ
ʮӶʮɲ˵ġ
ҲֻܾԼóڼڣλԺ󲻵óˣŷλݣҲں󹬹ŲСӡ
ԼϵĽûˣλ͹֮λһҪķˮ룬ƾݺͼⱲӺǲλˡ
һ룬¾;ɥĲˣְҵĵͷˣһ鰡պôзܶľͷѽ
룬ҪΪһţ
˵ͷЦеѣ޿Ǻܺģ
˵꣬һС
һ¸ովɥС飬ʱּȣɡ
ֻƵãһϵȡΪһ˵꣬СȭͷһΪԼ͹ľľͷ
ʱװСֶЦˡ
Ĺֿ治ǰģСģЦѡ
Ƚ⣬뵽ӵ飬Цſڵè޽ǧӣڿǲǷ˰֮ҲˣԺɲ׷ծˡ
˻ʱмѹǧԵԭأ⻰ִӺ˵ء
⻰˵ģʲôʱ׷Żծˡ
ȻǷӣûҪ
΢ЦôûУΣ˵λ׷޻Ƕأⲻ׷ծʲô
ԣ¶ʱһ塣
˵λϰߣ֪ģû뵽׷ծ˵˳һԭˣͱȽˡ
˵ʲôǶֲǲ㻹㣬ﶼ׷Ҫ㿴޶󷽣ûƽϣһӸǧľ㵱Ϣ˰
ֹΣ¶мֲ˼мָмһ˵Ƕʱһ
ֶСһһһ߳ŭС㻹˵㻹˵Ƕ𣬶㶼ǷҺü²Ҫ˵λˣǸ벻һֱˣôǷծ㻹ˣ㣬ҪҪţǷծүүҪծӹҪҪš
ʱһ绢Ĳͻǹһˡ
رǾҪҪҪҪʻһȻԼе㲻Ҫ
·йһͨƽҲԼոյľٶмӰŮ󣬸ϽЩҵ㷢ȻװʲôûӣһƽϣǸո˵ˣ
Ŀɿڴ
һۻˣոǸˣһֿɰƤСèԣһˣҪȻֱֲ̫ˡ
˭û⻰磬һ¾õת˻⣬˺Ȼĵʲôûзˡ
һҹȻ˯ϡ
գţ뵽ҹ飬̲סߵŹ˵޲Ҫ˵ǲе㲻Ҫ
Źʱɵۣ⻰ôӰ
뷿黰˿˵ҪǸһٸӣҲ˵үҪѽ
ԣƬ̣ŹЦõѽүô˵ģ뷿黰ɲôģ˵⻰˼ϲɲ˵үҪ
һ룬뵽һߵүҪʱӣû뵽ү⻰ˡ
ҡҡͷ֪Ź˼
뷿黰ɲʲô뷿黰ϵ˼ֲŸŹһµʱ龰
ðɣ˵Ҫ͵ҪɣҲһʱ
лҪ˵
£Ϊһ벻е̫ˡ
Ҳðɣڴš


113 
һ˵Ҳʱ󹬿λɣ߿ӻŮ£ȴδޡ
ʱȥǬ幬ޣʱҲԼʱҲȥǬ幬һøš
һΪһµʱ棬ʱδ룬֮侭εĥϣദҲԽǢһʱַΧȻҲ͸оԽԽˡ
һ£Ҳ½ʵʵĹһѵ񫣬ʱ٩һ䣬ĸоΡ
ȻǸ˵Ц˵оˣȻ󻹲ſһʺƨ˵ⶼǻĹͣٹȵĸ˲赹ˮ磬һ̵ͨĿȻá
ߵŹﶼզ࣬˹Ȼˢѽһ׶Եֹֿȣżģؼүͳһѽ
ҲǣΪһ̫š̫ˣһڶׯ硢˳ѧ⻭磬Ÿ˵ڲͬ
رÿ˱үĸ첲ｾｿĽʦ˵үˣΪ̫Ŀ˶͸óţܰίҪ˵еүˣ챻ôţҲأҪȻҲš
ֻһǸˣȴˡ
ǰʱҲûйɵó裬ʱҲûйֻһɣ޵鷢ѽ
ҲóɶΣʹͼƷˣ㣬ֻһˣһŲѽ
ֱ̫ˣ
һ뵽žɫĵС˫Ṵ˵һһΪӣүۡ
Ǿ˵ĹȻһ㲻λֹһ˫һģһ۾ѽóƣҪˡ
һʱ䣬˺޵ļƣǲѽ
Ϊ¶մɶ裬»˹أϣ
ʱ뵽˻ʹûʹͷϾʹλͬͷĻ˳
룬ʹֲɵôܴأ飬һǳֺõļƣʹԼӽˮˣŻȥܡ
˵ˣһ֪ǿļ裬ϡأҪǸʱĳ˵үܶһˣҪ¶մ붼֪ү޲һ
Уү١ϵӲô϶ҲҪˡ
ɹؼôͼʲôѽ
ҪᣬҲͰˣⲡ壬ɡ
Ҳ˵ˣ㲻ޣܿС١ްɡ
ɻʹԼãͲǿϣС١òһڳʵ̫һ㲻˵Ҳϲӣ㿵ˣôҲֲȥ
ԣͷβʹѹͲ飬Լ岻ãؾЩɵ롣
Ȼʹ飬֮˽Ŀת̫ϡ
Ҫ˵˭ɻ󹬶裬Ƿ̫ĪѽϾ˵ǳ˻ʵ۶һ˵Ŀǰк飬жǶǰ֮
һֹһ˴ſ̫̫ţ̫̫ǰ˵Ĳԡ
˵ʵտʼ̫̫úˣһ̵ֽģʲôӣǱ˭˵ȵǰһˣ򲻻ŵġ
رôں֮ϣ׳أ¶մǰΪأһˣʱƫ͵һЩҲǿһķΧ֮ڣҪ˵ˣǲôŵġ
СˣҲֻмϲмƫˣ㲻ʲô衣
˵ˣʵ۲оȥ󹬿ɣעӻŮôЩ˵ĿУͳء
أЩɽ̽ǰ˵˵Ļ˵Ķˣ̫̫־ԼڿǰһᣬЩãϾھͲԹصˣҪǴȥĻԻʵ۵ҲЩӰ졣
ԣĳһ峿밲ʱ̫̫ҳһĿǿڵ֪ʵЩϲˣһЩҲ̫ˣⲻǳǺɻ裬ʵӦñ˭ǧҪ㺹ĺѽ
仰Ĵȷ˵ľмˡ
̫̫˵֮ˣȻȵ˳ү
˳ү趭ǰȫȻˣѸ£ƶĻӣΪ֮һӡĻϻʺ󣬷ⶭΪڶ󣬸ҪȳңֻǳûɣȴȾ컨ȥ
ЩӣͶΪ趭ġ
ԣȻ̫̫Ȼ谮֮£ȵү趭Ტۡ
ǣϲˣҲͽмϲˣܸȵү谮Ƚء
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У㣬Ҳһ£Ƕ
Ļ̫̫̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
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ʱ򶭶ĳ֣ȵү̫̫ѫԼĲͷ߿ɡ
ںţȵүŻңųҰɡ
ã̫̫ΪĻĸһֱ֮ˣӦ̫̫󣬵䣬Ϊǰ£ͬȵүѴʱ붼ѡ
̫̫ѡЭˡ
ҲΪʲôһֱ˾Т˳Լλĸԭ
أ̫̫ƮƮһ仰ȷʵÿмֲܡ
תһ룬̫̫ѾòܺˣôͻȻ谮һС˵ء
Ȼϳ
ֻһ˲䣬еĹϡ
϶кɵ̫̫ǰ˰ҪȻ̫̫עСѽ
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ԣϽ̫̫֤ĸ˵ǣ֮ǰǷˣԺһעġ
Ҳ֪ڶ˲ãһʱ䣬˴һʵ̫ˣûסΡ
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㿴һ˵ϴˣǸȵһâĸŸɡ
ֺ֮ͺлҳ
ֻǵȿӴһԸŹ˲һ飬նЩ̫̫ǰ˵˵顣
Ź֪˵Ľ࣬ϽԸȥ鿵顣
ܿ죬ûһʱѾ˿İͷϾˣֻҪ΢һʲô˽밲֪ˡ
Ź󣬿ЦΪЩ˸ôһñӡ
أˣɿ治ܰЩ̫̫˵ЩôϾ⼸λΪŮ
ԣ֪˽ҲƵҪ
ˣΪ˿̫̫ģޣǱĸо̫ˡ
˵ʵѾûָоˣ
أҲܻԼ̬˯֮ǰֲû˯ֹֻǰ췭ͷƣ췭ǸͷƵӶѡ
ʵһ룬ǰҲͦõġ
ֻ뷨ͦãʵͦǸУŷ˼ɵͷƣֱ˯ɵĸоԽԽˡ
ϾĸԸĲ鲻Ըĸомֲһͬİɡ
ںܿҪˣ׼æµͷͣͷƣԸԼ˯Ҳ뷭ˡ
ŹүʵͦƵģæµ£ЪһЪ˯ĵɣܹ
ֱ̫ˡ
лҪ˵
ǲ֪ʵ۵Ҳѽ


114 
տʼʱʵǲ֪ɣΪֵ̫̫Եʡ
ͷβûж롣
Ͼһ£һУûޣڴ£֪ͦġ
գޣ飬˭ԹСˣҪһζһζԲԡ
أ֪ɲ֪Щ˲֪
ⲻ밲ʱ򣬲֪Ӻδ֪Ԭڣ̲סֻĿڵǲ֪ɣǰЩӣ̫̫˵֮ɻ裬Ӧ¶մŶԣ㿴תͷޣɼϻ̫̫˼ҵĻˡ
˵꣬Ԭ̲ס¶֮ɫ¶һҪʧˡ
ţ·Ļ´һָ˸޽ǵ㷢һ߹װһĵӣڵ˵ѽ˰ٵóôڻģҲǰ״
Ԭڿ˵飬ȷʵǲ֪ģԬ˵ºһʱ䶼ûӦôӻ
˵²֪飬ڳɣҲǲ֪ǰģλߵİɣԬ˵ڵĻ֮ŲյҲһӶסˣһľȣΡ
ԬڶºڳɵķӦԵãĵɣ鹬ôɣϢͨ
ȻˣϲĻǿµЦ
㿴ٵó̫̫ϲʧ軹Ƿַӵ顣
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˵Ѿʧˣһ㶼Ϊ
սӶޣҲõ֤֤̫̫ĻȥˣҸж֤Ѿ¡
ҪȻ֮ǰ˵ó裬⼸ޣôûʲôء
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ҪǲˮģҪźȲĶԼոյõϢչ
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ֳϣ˵飬뿴Ц¶ģû뵽¾Ȼ޶ԡ
ԣԬٶȿڵ˲ΪҺƭİɣ˿ܶˣҾĵӣҲұѽ
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һ²ԬڣллΪˣһѧԬڵڵллԬΪҵˣԬôΪҵģҲ˹أ̫̫ͻϵѽҪǴȥ֪Ϊõģ֪ĻΪ²ء
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115 
ص´ڵ纮Ķ񣬻һļҳ¾ϴµϷ
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ѵһҧʮ¾˳εۺͶİ˵Żڴ˵Ľ¿Լϵĺ󳾡
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¾ԼԽԽ¥ˣڲӦõԼʧټʳСô⣬ʼԲ˳εۺͶ̫ͺ飬֮˵İء
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һԭΪʧ裬ոȥΪûޣ
ԭǻӣصԼ֮Ȼˤ˺üյйͷŭˡ
벻ף̫̫˵һ˵һ˫۾񶭶𣬿ôһֱ鲻ء
˵ҲץˣҲͣ˺óһʱ䣬̫̫ʱҲźˣôڻԭ
ˣҪһֱŲţԭڸͲƵĲˡ
ֻգʵ᲻ޣһ뵽ԼΪ˴̫̫ǣҲΪʵֺ¶մĹأòίԼɣ͸оĲ
ңϳɣҲ᲻һ˵ǰ͵ıˣҲֻǵһɣûǰܵ顣
ȻǲѵıźĸԸž޴ġ
ãû˵ԼûƭԼģϾǼϲèһʱĸоͻʱõķΧ
ڱйܡ
ԼڵĿζˣòϲ˵һ仰Ҫһദˣеˣǰ¾͹ˣڰ޵ʱٸԼĺĶǶˡ
ԣԼԼеԡ


116 
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Ͼ޵˲ٵĺöء
ټ뵽飬뵽鹬£͸˯žˡ
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šڴͳҲֻһûġ
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Źû뵽ҲûľܾˣǾ䡰ˡܾ쳣նŹоܲ졣
ϾǰǴûй飬ǰʱҪǲ˼ˣֻҪ飬һ㶼ǲھܾġ
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Ź̫벻ˡ
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ֻǽţŹе㲻ԼĶˡ
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һŹˡ
ǧ룬Ҳû뵽ҹ˾ҹȻʳ顣
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ͬʱ̾һԼ˵ȥ̫̫ܲĻ谮ܲܲ˵Ļ㲻ܣʲô
ŹΪԼ˵ºֻܵƬչˣϧƬ̣˵һ΢ɲ̾Ϣ⣬ֻһ䣺ˣȥɣҪһ
Ź
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̿ȻûϺõĺ̿ȣ̿й̣ѬǺɤӣ̿Ҳ̿ͲһˣȼζůǹﶬȡůƷ
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ףպӻأǧҪ注˻ڹﻹ治ϵĲ㻹̰ɣ˵պϴó
˵ʵѩﻹǴһҰġ
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أǣȻѩƽһ͸ЩˣȻ׽һ㶼ѩƽ¡
Ȼʧ裬ǷĿȻǴﲻˣҪ˵СŮˡ
أѩ⼸ŮһСѾͷģмȻʮ꣬ȴüۣüĿ㡣
ǵһοѩǲڣϲ裬Ҳ֪ǳʲôСѾͷϲʱ򣬹ſ˲Ȼ΢䣬˫ÿһ¿ñϴμ˸š
ʱ²֪ע⵽СûУأȷʵмֲġ
ҲеϣԼʱиܰԼĹ̳蹬Ů²һûй˼ҲС
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һ룬¶ñŤ
ԣٹʱʶٵǰźˡ
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ԣһСսսĸ˵һ뿪
µȻǿˣӦ˵Ͳء
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ãһԸߣһԸһļϡ
ԴˣΪ˹ףԼһɽ»ر󷽵ĿѩӸ꣬͵Ͷһɢˡ
ѩȻмֲԸˣһѾ·ĲūţһͷҲͰˣȻӣ̫ˡ
һ֮ǹԹԵȥˡ
һԥԪȴ֮󣬾Ȼ¶ˣеͷԡ
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ȻѾֽ˼䣬üɢˡ
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ȥƽڰοС˳ԪôŶǹλݣٲܲȥ
С˳Ԫ룬Ҳǣⲻ֪еĶں˰˰ڣڻֻǸأ˵Щλݸ͵ĴӦ͹Ůˣߵūţǻǡ
ȻˣЩۻūţǾ͸ˡ
ͨ̽¶ԼźЩˣĵһµжϣպҲ֮֡
ֱ˼֮ˣʵ˵ã벻·ˡ
Ԫ˼ҡڲ־ᶨߣãȴãϾ˭Ҳұ֤Ҫ˸õȥ᲻ᷴˮ


117 
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ǲԼ뷨Ҫǵó裬ȥύһҲͰˣɹؼʧѽٽύʲô壬ǲ
ʧ費ʧģ˵ģү˵˲˵ˣΪ͹ȣҲȥһܸԳĳ
ʹף̫̫ΪƿһУһʽϣ͸Ϊס˵һǧܳ裬ɵͷأӴˮһգԽÿǡ
أԽó費˵ڵλⲻʲô
ԣʹʱͿˣ˰ԽǵòģֻԽõԽԽ׵õģԽϧˡ
Ҳǰ˸ûʲôֻǶ༸ϲˣھ̫̫ôһִ£ÿòЭòˣ˵˿˵Ƿڲֻͬ
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⼸䣬ǻʹ˼ǳǵʱ򽻺ãҲΪպһ»
С١Ͼûʹ̫ãҲ̫Զˡ
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һ仰ɼµɣ͢jûʸμӵģֻλԺǲʸμӡ
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˿̽ʾ֭뵽йŮõֳ
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ڶһٵ£ҲһµԼСظ
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ֺǲ⣬ô˵Ǹûһȴһ˵ء
ĽźܴĲһѽ
һȦҲûȻȥ󣬾ȥλ·ǲǷһЩǲ֪顣


118 
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Ѿǵһβμӹ磬ҲϤ·ΪԼŵλñɡ
Ψһ˹ˣλ仯뿵Ľֽࡣ
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һаžǹ˳ˡ
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óɣһ֮ѼʥգҲֻشյĹϣϿôΣȻڼˣ۾һգգĶ档
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ѽ
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ȸڵ纮Ĵ멣Źһ
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ʱ˵Ѿ˹Կʱ򣬵Ϊҹйԭ򣬹عŵʱӺһЩÿͨĽ
үȥģŹһ߸ţһСĿʵ
ܲС𣬽˵үԸʱΪһ
ҲǣҪһĻôܴ£кҲһľء
϶Ǻ֮ʶΪŹ롣
ֻǿûлشʻǳĬĳǰţϸĻܷĲΪƴżֲȡ
ƹٹ˹ţֱ鹬ĿŹں֪֪Ҫȥˡ
Ҫȥ鹬
뵽鹬ͷסһλ˶ʱˡ
죬ŹҲûҿ˵ʲô
һڣžĿٸôţǰװˡ
ǲ֪үѺ֪Լ֮Ǹʲô顣
ðɣŹԼмֻɡ
*
ӹ֮¾֮˵ķϴһȻˣֻǻû˯
洫ĶҲû̫⣬ʱûԿߵĹ˲
ֻǽţھʹ֮ǲμϵ밲ʱһ˯Ҳûˡ
ûӦأϸ΢ĽŲͳߵˡ
ڱʱҲ֪Ǹ밲ǸüšҲû̫ãǱ߽ĿֽƤ멣ӸŹ֮󣬱ߵĴ齾˹
ʲôԵʱ򣬿Ѿһ˹ڼӴϰµɫᣣȻһ̩ɽѹѹڴ齵ϡ
֮Ѹײڶ֮ƣ׼ȷĶסС졣
ͲκξܾͷĻᡣ
һͽ޹֮󣬾ͷȦסĲӦ
һںܿʹŨصĴϢ
Źȴе㽹ͷöһ߷Ըǰ̫ȥǬ幬ƺ󣬱Ͼʱֱӳģǲܴȥġ
һأůǬ幬ůе̫ˣøϽ˶ռ̿裬ǿƽС˳Ƕ˽ľ̿ɫʱÿ
ôܸүʵĺ̿ȡůأûкһ̿Źüͷʡ
ǹλݣк̿ģȻ࣬ÿҲңүôŶõĺ̿ȡůɡ
Ҫֺ̿үͻֱš
ƽصֺֻ̿ǱѾüûͺ̿ˡ
Ҫǰﹷۿ˵͵ūҩ˵ˣû˵ٻѵֻһͲʮ壬£ĺѽ
ԣŹʱüͷͬʱｫǰﲻµĹūһ顣
һȺûĹŸչȥѽ͸һĲˡ
أҲǷʱȽ̿ȡů˵ɡ
룬ŹֻܽһǰС̫࣬ڻûعţϽƽǬ幬ȡһЩ̿š
ʵŹҲ֪õķӾǵһЩţ룬ǻǬ幬ȥðɡ
һأǲ֪ԸԸ֪٣أǬ幬鹬Ҳ̫Զһ²һ°ɡ


119 
ڣһͨ׹ػ֮۵
¿Щɺʹż飬ȴĿֻҧҧһС
ҺŹ˶˽̿裬Ųں䣬ǡ෴ǣΪ̿裬¶ࡣ
´ùɾĲˮմʪԼȻٻȥ￵
ĹУһҲ֣Ц⣬΢Ŀ¸ʱ򻹻̧ͷʱ򣬶Цһ¡
¿һүģԼźȻǺ޵
أΪ˾ƣضЦʱ򣬻żɵɵֺݲ
ֻԹԹŹ߷̵ūţ֪ˣܡ
˵Ҳ֪ڿĵǸøˣǸ÷
վҪȻҲ֮󣬾ܵˣľ̯֮Ӹôʰ
һʰ׵»صϣֻ߸һȥǱ߾ͱק˻
ʹϣſ檡
ҡͷţ޲šȴӵš
ֻѡЭôӵԼĬƬ֮Ŀڣϸûȥˡ
һ°ĦԶ˿һߵ޲ߣҪè
ԣƲƲ죺Ǻαǿء
һ磬վһ¡
е̾Ϣʱ˼ϧۣԼֻǳһ¶ѣͷβʲôȴҪһ˳Թеĸѹ
ԣ°ĦԶΪСţƸսǻĿ籩꣬ҺͲݾܾİ
ҲʼĻӦ
˵˵˼飬ã˲ͣ
һҹܽůĵȻݣղ˼ҹ˶˵Լĥ䣬ǺüۼЦ⣬ûͣ
Ҳǵһη֣ԭ˵Ŀԭ˵ɵ
˵ʱɵЦʱɵ
˵Щ˶Ͼ֮˵ĺǵ档
Ҫ˵ЩǴһ˵ġ
ҹŨͷܿ˯˹ȥȴ෴û˿˯ⲻ˵ͬһ顣
֪ĵճ֪պͿ֮䣬ȥ
Ȼĵǽԭƽ̬
Ȼ˵ŲںҲʾԼҪȥںƭ˵ģվ˶⶯
*
ڴμſڵŹûһ
ΪүɷѿģΪú飬ŹˣǽȥźҪʱʱעĶһ񣬳ʲôӡ
ںˣλͣˡ
ܹܣڽȥź𣿡һֱûȥ˯֮ңСλǰܹܵɫʡ
ѩȥź򣬻֮󣬾ͱ¸ȥϢˣƣֵ޵ϡ
أǰλ˵еĴܹܣЩԹãŸСʳ仰
ˡŹֱӵ
⼸ΣŹ֪˲һ岻ڣʲôˡ
ǡ෴˵ûйϸ£ֽŻͦġ
Ҳûù˽ȥźԭţƾ˵ֽźϸģܹܺõչ˺үġ
ҪĶǻѾͽȥˣүúõɡ
ŹſֵصĹֽ䣬ŷĵȥϢҲǹĵģҪǿ鹬綼ˡ
*
˯Ժ֮ʣǱŹѵģ˵ʱˣ糯ˣеûת
һֵͷԼֱۣ˯ĳ˵ŽСãڽһЩƬ鹬
֮뵽Լ˵Ļ£ƺһֱɵɵЦͷԼƵĳ嶯
Щ˵Ļ£ûоʲô
෴ǼģõģϾЩ죬һֱȴû顣
رִڶĻ䣬м⶯
Щ棬ȴȫһֱɵһɵЦ
оʱЦЦ̫ɵˡ
ҪǣèʱָôЦء
һЩεʵǶˡ
Ƥվ˴£ҪˣҪøɸɾ
֮󣬿ŽߵŽεС̲סħצ΢£
Ҫ糯ʱٸʲôӰ죬ĺ§һ˯
ֻһֱ۴ĳ˵ĻóǱⲻҪһ˯е˶
ԣ˯ڵ£ûֱ۱֮һˡ
״̲סЦﳰЦǸС
֪ڷ֮󣬾Եɵɵ˹ŵԼҲ
ŽǰĿ󱳣֪һвһ̲֮סſֱֱۣסȻСĺ󱳣Ҳ˵
´ĶͻӵŪ΢΢һ١
ţ̧ɿȦԼϵϸֱۣȻתֱ֮è
ֻӭģȴ˫סĲ΢ŵӣСֱӶס˫һͶ¡
ǱͻȻٶŪȻΪ鲻ԽĻӦжҡ
ϲè
ŹûԼֻ䡣
ʲôʲôүովȻ˽è
ѽʲôƺѽ
ŹǵǰʱǹүʦģôүҲ˸ء
Ҫǣֻ˵£Ҳڶҵһ֡
èһ뵽ôһźţŹЦȻ˵һ䣬èأôֱӻˡ
Խ룬ŹԽЦ
ֻҪ֪¸йֵĻ֪ЦЦĳ
ȵ΢΢ŹֻҪˣоԼǶģû˸ֿ
һǱϰգСֱӺĽΣҲں֪Լոʲô˵ľٶֱǿ
һֱǿһ㡣
أһ㶼ڣպ֪ûᣬٶͬأȻˡ
è΢΢żֵƣ顣
պҪ³çˣպҲҪٹˡ΢΢ͷĿڵ
ԣ̾˼
èҡҡͷ
һҹ֪Լ⣬ҲԽԼŲҪȻҲ֮󣬾ֱܵ
Ʋ˵ľǿġ
һΣվҪΥ̫̫ˡ
ǺαأϺ󹬼ǧȱһˣαΪ檣Υ̫̫˼ż̾ϢͲ⡣
ʵ˵仰ֻ̽һ˼ԸԸΪȥ̫̫ҲÿһԼĵǿпޣмֵλ
ĵģ޿κΣԼ⡣
̲סͷĴǣʾȻ޶ϲè
黰˭˵Ǵһ˵ģǴ˾Ϊ˺ƭ¾Ҳֵˡ
ԣεɫΪ仰ϲĻ΢΢ȾһĨߺ죬ֻʹСԴ΢૵Ҳϲϣررϲֻǡ
⻰ڿУʱķ˻һ㣬˵ϲúͼֻ仰Ϊʲôֵ˵ĸо
֪ص
Ϊ˲ģְèģһء
ԣͷȻǹһ㣬ӡһǡ
С޵ЦڴߴϣɣҪȻ糯Ҫٵˡ
Ź仰֮󣬶ҪжĿˣҪ糯
̫ˣ
ȴһ㣬ĥĥķҪٸ¶ĥһ£ȵڵóԸһĳ֮ü۴Цմ˶һϴ
ŹóˣĲҪˡ
ҪûǸӣһ俵үĥһ㲻
ϴ£²ûиһ̣ҲûдᣣڴϣӰӰ´µᣣĿ
̫ҲΪݲȷԼ֮ʧС
֪һֱ᣺ԼģԳŴµĹ򣬻ĻͷһᣣȻٶ᣺͵Цһ£·˵֪͵ޡ
ڲŹȴֻүǷˡ
ôһҲǰǴĴ˭أ


120 
ĺÿԭ˵ģ˲ࡣ
һߴǳǬ幬ţһüͷ
ŹȻע⵽˿ת飬΢һ˼ܿ˿Ϊ¶ü
Ƭ̣ſڵүūо仰֪
ͣסŲƤһۣȻ⺧˵
ֻôôھŹһ㣬˼·˵ʱˣ㻹޴գҪ˵Ȼ޴ôʰ㡣
Źһ߰үոвÿ£һߵūŵ⣬ֻ̫̫үҪˣȴûүһ㶼˵˼ֻҪүպ󲻶ˣĹأ¶մүżôΣ̫̫˼Ҳ˵ʲôġ
ܵʱ̫̫˵ǷĿĵʲô⣬Ҳûʲôġ
Ź˼ôǷŲ˵ӣūŵģȻҪ취ΪӷǽѲǡ
ȻŹĻһԭüͷȻʣһ˫Ŀ¶һĨϲ
˵ԣԹ壬Լִ̫ˣŻᱻ̶˼·˽ȥ
Źһϯͬඥһ㣬ǰȻʡ
ǵã̫̫ȷʵ˵Ĺ
һãҲ˼ЦģȻŹЦ㹷ūŻеãȥ͡
˵꣬תĳǬ幬ȥ
лү͡Źһ߸лͣһϲ̵ĸ˿Ĳ
˴ҡڵĴ鹬һ·߻Ǭ幬ɨĹˣֻҪϹôܿ
ǻģǰȥ̽ȻϽȥԼӣҪϢôŶܵһǮɡ
뷨Ĺˣ
*
߿һߣǱ¾ˣһõķԸȥ԰ۼ֦÷ƿ
ѩһƽ˵ߣûһʱ򣬶е㲻ġ
ôֻ˯һϣһͱء
˵õԼʧˣ˵õүٳأôү˵ء
ܽң֤һٵʱ򣬾ͿԼӣѾױ̨ǰʼױˡ
ˣΪʧһֱԼӣĸߣŲ֪С
һʲô׵ģǿģദĻԼڲŻ
ִ֮ӹѩһ߰ųһ̲סʣӣˣǲ˵Ѿˡ
̸軹Ϊʱ磬ϵĶ˵ɡ°ױΣŽȥ밲ôʲôκʡ
ǰЩĴ磬ˣȻҪԼġ
ԣѩûбֵĺʧһ˵ū˵һ㶼Ϊʱ磬ҪûӣôܻΥ̫̫˼أ˵ﻹмֿӵġ
ҪȻҲڶϣߵ
˵ԭ˵飬Ⱦһ
׹дżֵҲ˵Υ̫̫˼
ܿ϶ͷģ̫̫Ǳ߾Ͳ˵ˣȷǱϢ֮󣬻ʲôֶζ
˵ֶ̫̫ζмãΪԾ󻼣ֱӴһƻ籣Ҳûпܵ顣
ʷλۼߵТׯ̫´һֱǱȽϷġ
ѩԼΪ̫̫磬ˣǺ˵˻æڿοҲҪ̫ˣϼȻҹ϶зӽġ
˵£¾ͺ뱬ֿڣƨķӣǾƺȶ˾ԣȻʲôǵľˡ
ûѩͿԭһӰ쿵һֱӢ󣬶أѩٸһģԺ飬תҲ˵
*
λɣӵ鹬Ϣɡ
翵һþͱ鹬ɨС̫˸ţȻٱ˰֪
ɸտʼе㲻ţֱС̫ǲ컹ûû˯ʱۡ
С̫൱Ȼ˵ѽʱҲΪԼû˯ѿأԲ۾ںͷϸϸıһڿŹûзŹ
ϸҲǻϺܹܣûѽ
ûľǵʱϺŹȷʵǴ˵߳ġ
С̫ĵı֤־š
ӹϻΪ̫ˣܿ˯ˣǱߵĶû˹ע
ȴͻȻ鹬־
أΪ¶ײ֮£ôˣүȴͻȻȥǱߡ
ֱյͬʱҲҪһ£µ飬ǲҪȷһš
ؽӵϢҲûעǲǴ˵ˣӦõĵԼΪ֮£ǲѾүˡ
ϾүЪǱߵģ˭֪ǲѾү״ء
ȱµС̫һߣ̲סߵ૵ѵô׵ĸˣ
ôо˵أ
̫̫ԿĿڣô˾׵ķء
رүôģѵô˵Ų£ϧΥ̫̫˼ҲҪ
ȥҲ벻ͨ򣬾Ȼ˵棡
ġص
˵벻ͨҲûͨһֱ֪˲򵥣ƾ͵ļ˹֮λ
ֻû뵽ǣ˾Ȼ˵Ĳ򵥣ֲԼ£ȻŤת˹
ɵҲ֪̫̫֪º󣬻Ρ
⡪ش⡣
ǿ϶ˣϾΥ˼
*
ֻһ糿ʱ䣬У֪ģ֪Ѿ֪Ъ鹬˴Ϣ
ǲܵģ
ôҲû뵽Ѿʧ˵ˣȻô˼򵥵ĸˡ
ֱˢǶԿ֪
һ̫̫ĺӣ̫̫ĻƴӣΥТģǾ͸˵ˣÿ糯͵̫̫밲ܿһ
أ˭ǣ׷ʲô£ô̫̫˳ӵүȴ֮ϣΥ̫̫˼ء
ʵ̫ˡ
رǵЩıµɣϢ֮󣬲ֱӵȥ
Ϊʮþȵ飬û뵽ͷȴһգ˳ˡ
ر뵽նڣЩʹͣǸǰĲһǰġ
ټЪ˴ʱҪǻûףǿǰڹôꡣ
׵үȥ̫̫״ˡ
һЩȻ־ţﻹ˵ϣϽ취ȹء
ЩУ֮׵ĻΪܵڣڿ³ˣɲ־
˵ʵǲˣΪ飬ÿʹ󰢸磬Ͼһֱʶλ֮ģҪΪôһ飬﷭˴ǿ̫ԩˡ
ԣȹϵһ㣬Լڼתһ߼ڣ뷨ޣһĸ˴󰢸磬Сһ㣬Ҫ˿ùͷ
ʱĳǬڣС١ҲԻʹ˵Ŵ£ֻһĿŻʹ˹Ȼˡ
ʹЦЦû˳С١ϵĻԿ䡣
òԼֻǿ͸˵ӸԶѣԽǵòģԽһ붼֪ᷢʲô顣
ϣүλϳ˶ۡ
˸֮£ֻʱѡ
Ψһǣ˸赽ʱ֮죬үȻһ϶Ըȣֱȥ鹬ɼ֮ء
Ҳǣǧĵ˶ߣȴֻܿܳԣĸ͵ˡ
ȻѾ䶨Ǳȥŵ㣬Ҫϵһʱյദ˻㲻ʹ
С١صõ˵ͷģ֪
ʹ齲ôˣҪٲ֪ȥĻǿɾɵˡ
*
ڴ£Ҫֻ𾪵ĻĪˡ
ǰŸˣ˼ҵڶ͸ˣһ룬оϢĲС
ã󹬵ɣ˵ڱ󳰷ЦȻ˵Ҳн죬δζһ˴˵ÿζôݣô
˵үòģǲ档
ôһ룬оâ̱оȥĴš
ͬʱ̲סĺ˼Ҫ˵Щ˳˳ˮԴʮһ֮;Լʼ·˵ùˡ
Ǹ費˳žʥ費٣֮Ϊ˵飬Ӷı˳ۡ
ԣ뵽Щ飬ٿֱڻ߸´ʮһ֮񶼿ЩԾ
ԭǺܳ衢ӣȴڻʮһ磬˵ʮһ֮һоͶıˡ
ʥ費٣²˳ʹһЩСֶΣҲԤĽر𣬶ڻҪһС´
һеһУɲò롣
ģ˵ǲСʮһǺͱ壬˱ء૵ߵĴŮġ
Ļһ˵ù˵ͨˡ
ȴʳĻŪһ㶣ܿ죬˼
Ͻڵӣɲ밡Ҫ˵˺壬⻰ūţʮһʮ»̥òģҪ˵Ҳ壬ūŵġ
˵Żıֻʮһ磬ȥȻŰװֵʮһָʮһɰѽôܺأĸԵ֣ǰòġ
ĺ˼룬ﵽʮһͷϣʱûĸӵİ磬ں󹬴Ļʵ̫ˡ
ŲĻװֵʮһ磬ҡҡͷÿԼˡ
ȴһ˵Ϊ˿ԭĸʮһĳѵһϵû
Ͼ֮ǰʱֲû尢;Ű磬ʱҲûеóֳ裬Ҳ尢;Ű縴֮ʧˡʱƾɷ
ʮһ֮أʲôҲûõ˵²˳սʧˣָ˵ء
Ȼĵһʱﻳɵ뷨ĵһ£ô״ģֻջ۵ʱУӼͷˡ


121 
͹
һḧѾ΢΢ЩԻĶӣһ߸ǰµĴŮ֥˵Ż
ˣȻǸСвֲľ棬ˡ
˵ı󣬶ٻеӰӡ
ֻɵĸͻһ̫̫ܵǰ£ֻǱĶӣǸǰһ£ȻԻϹβסȥ̫̫״
ʲô͹ϷͺãҪܰ⵹ãⲻĻҲûʲôʧ
Ϊ³ˣû뵽Ľǳϡ
˵֮ǰֵʱ;м֡
ټϿ࿴λݣõԽλˣóСɲһ
ȵһ֣ûѹȥ˵ӣԼһ֮;òٷ˵óȥҪȻ϶һԼвЩɵĵλ
Ҫ˵ϥ綼ûУеλȵһҪպ˳谮˵ĻɲͰ·
ԣ˻ûȻǸϽȥ
ֻºͣûߵΪάԼڿǰһƵ󣬲ܸͻɵɵĽԼλα¶ǰ
һɿ𣬶ĻϷǵѡ
ֻΨһû뵽ǣξȻʧˡ
³֮󣬵̲סɣǲ߹̫̫ԿӰ͹ڿķŻʧܵġ
ūҲû뵽ء֥ŵֱۣ̲ס˵
ǽǻ֣
һ֣ãͺá
һβ֣ٳֵڶΣĻֻᱩ¶ԼԸ顣
ڰպлٳ֣ȷѡ
ūͷԸȥֹͣݷ֥
ͷšһĬ֥˵Ļ
Ȼ˹Ŀڽ͵ԺӻأһβֲҪǺô͸˵һӣ֪үһ㣬պкʵĻˣٳֲ١
һûеŵ㣬Ǿ̣̣̳̣ȻŻ١ϸǰСͣ١Ϸɾ裬ΪûвȻΪ̺õ·ƾٵǰһһһɵġ
˵ϣҲļˣϾһ¶׳ӱץסѱ
ɲһһд뵱һдŶԵλ֮ģ±˲֪Ŀһ
˵ЩߵΪǾһ֣ɵ
ūס֥Ӧ
ʲôӣǸߵֻһȡ֣鲻ɹԣܱ¶ԼЩǺòں󹬺Ϳǰ
׾ͺá
µū֪أοͷһԼո¡ĶӣϴεҲʲôֻ󱾹һ̥С硣
֥ЦȻܣûϲԹϻ˵Ůһ̥϶ǸС硣
֥Ļʱ˵Ŀȥˡ
ֻĻŭŵЦˣŷǱ߸ЩС¹ţҲϽȥһڡ
лͣūȥˡ֥˵
С¹ſǿУרģֻԼһڣЩߵĹռ˱ˡ
*
ļգȻûٹµߣȴ˺üʹ͡
ӳԵĺȵģõģÿһϸѡ˵ʹ͵ѡǰߵ룬º˿ӡ
̫̫֪ºҲû˵ʲô
ı֣һТ˳Ϊ䶳ţר˸һƤĴ멡
ĵĶ֮£ҲûѾĻ˺ü
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122 
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123 
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¼Խ˵ԽűߣϽСֶס죬ټ˵ˡ
֮󣬹ﲻþӭ˴ɨ
ѩƽżˣʱ䣬ڽ⣬ɨһ飬ʱȻһ¡
¶ʮ֮ʹǾ͸æµˣ¶ʮʮĵС꿪ʼű񣬹ҵÿ޹ÿһţҪһ
¶ʮ֮󣬾ͿʼիգΪǰļ̫׼
ȵ¶ʮһգҪǰȥ̫ȡ
أҲʱ֪ǹҴһǣǰĴǺɫģ˳аɫʱȴǰɫǾһӡ
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ȻˣæĻǿǽ챣͵ⷪףٲҪ
ÿǶæĽŲմأҵĴˡ
ȵʮ͹ƺ̻𣬹Ԫ֮󣬹ֲŽʱ¾Ȼˡ


124 
һʲôͷҲˣֻܸɸ٣
һɸˡ
˭֪ˣһҪճ޵Ļᣬǡ
˵ЩǶᣬԭΪ̫̫󷢻˾ʧ裬û뵽ջϲһǻᾭޡ
˵ɣѾǶ裬żҲɣ˱֮٣Ҫƽ̯󹬸ϣǼֱûҲûʲôˡ
ԣһ˵Īˣȵ濪ʼһ֮ǵľͷ͸ˡ
޵ڣѩһ߶ҩºҩһ̲ס߶ţβ̫ʱˣҪȻһޣֵõڰ϶ӵġ
ʼ˭ͼͷԢѽĵһޣȻ֮͵顣
ʱ򣬱ȵҲĸڿеλʱˣʱ򣬲ǵУΪǴ֮ʥҲǰӵĳ谮пܰεͷġ
û뵽ôĲۣ˵Ͳˣĵһ޾ֱƵ޻˵
¶ҩ룬ͷһѩùȥζ۽Цö࣬һ޵ͷǺ󹬶ŵҲ࣬ҲŲǸͷء
Դӳһ̫̫֪֮˵͵ôдǹͷ񣬲ûеġ
ѩҲô˵ģǽ꿪ʼĺͷԢð
֪ôģֻðοˣһ˵͹ңǾͲҪĽˡ
Դ֪֮±ֻ֪ҪʾûȥһʱӦʧ費ˡ
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ԣҲǲǮˣ̫̫ϣҪġ
ѩص찲Ѿڰ죬׼ӦþüĿˡ
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΢䣺ⲻǼһͰһûϿһ˵ˣˡ
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ԣ°͵ľٶ֮󣬿û̧С֣°ͣա
һֻأҲûţḧ۵գڵ˵أ㿴ԼҲˡ
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ԼոձָιıǼ⣬˾죺С
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ԣһ߸ԶһߺܸɴĿھܾŲأĻõѽǻй𡣡
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˵꣬գ۾·ֻҪ˵֣Ͳͬһ㡣
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ԣڿʳ仰֮̾һոպãһ㶼ء
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˵һȻмֻɣѡĻ
ֻһǱ߿Ц˹ȻĹû޸èͬһңȴèֻѪţè˵Ǻã
ԣ¶ʱĻߵͨ죬ҲԽԽŵ˵ģˡ
ֻһôôϲЦء
ԣװһݺݵģҧгݵǻϾֻˡ
ҲϷæװһ˵ӣίͰ͵èĺúݰһ㶼ˣУѵèû˵Ҫܱţġ
£ôݣҴ֪
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ôݣҴ֪𡣡
һɿԶԣӿЦã̲סèôϲˣҴ֪𡣡
ҡҡͷǳϿҵӦò֪ɡ
Ҫ֪ĻðƤϾʵ˵϶ǲġ
װģ˵һͷҲҴӦò֪ҪȻѽ
˶ĥһʱŴŹ뿪鹬


125 
ڿ鹬֮ƽĹգ˵µĲ飬ںȹ⼸յҩ֮ӦûתŶԡ
ǡ෴Ĳ鲻û˿ĺת˿֮ǰˡ
֮ǰʱȻţ񻹲ô˵ЦڲУһûʲô񣬻Ÿˡ
ƽѩ֮ƽ²֪£רһǬ幬
Źҵ鰡
˿үļϵˣҪʲôӣ϶û˵ģǸϽ֪
󣬹Ȼüͷ
ǰȥžͷӦûʲô⣬ȸҩͲˣôڲתøء
ŸЩС˿Ҳʲôҽ̫ҽǸɵˣ;ãһڸ̫ҽҽһ㣬Ż
±̫ҽԺλҽ̫ҽǮ̫ҽǰȥΡ
Լأһ鹬Լලλ̫ҽ¿
˵ʵſ˵ļƣλ̫ҽѹ֪ҪƲȻ϶ǲеġ
ԣʮֵľϸϸĲ鿴˱֮
ǿ֮ɻˡ
̫ҽΪ̫ҽԺĿ̫ҽȻûǵļߣҽҲ̫ˣҪȻҲܸ󹬹ǿ
Ը˿ƷأΪ
С˵ҩ϶ġ
أȴǡ෴ڳԹҩ֮󣬲ûתȴˡ
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ҲΪݾûʲôִ͸Ź졣
λ̫ҽڹҽ꣬˸ֲıƣڻʲô׵ģ֪ǲСľ˺󹬵˽ˡ
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Ҫǲ˵˵Ĳ֮϶ǸҪʲôӣ϶Ҳ
ϾںߣǶ˵ܳ裬ҲǶЩš
˵ΪˣϧΥ̫̫˼˶г谮Ҫ˲ӣ붼֪ǿ϶ûʲôùӳԡ
Ҫ˵ĻָڣŲǣ׮أϾ˭֪Ļ𣬱ʱ򣬵˲õˡ
ϾĻ֮ûүΣͷʰҽǿԵġ
ԣƬ̣λ̫ҽ߿˵ĲأҲûʲô⡣
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Źӵ֮ҵ飬ȥ飬ҩĵмӴˣ˸顣
ֻĽȴһ񣬷·ֻǶ˶ѡ
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¼ΪԼĲ飬˷Ѿ˼мָж
һ߰¾ģԺԿٺһЩһأǿڰοҪģ˵Լܿͻõġ
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ҪȻ˺ʲô飬ǾҪˡ
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ԣһʱ䣬޲ģһԼõ顣
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ԣһεĳ飬Źֻҩ⣬ʹõƷ˿Ź
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ǺܿճǵıϷ˶ߣԭõĳбҩݹ
˵ݹҩ֮󣬱϶ٻᱻųһζ֮Ҳܴҩݹ֮ѬѬ˼顣
һѬζ͸ס΢ҩζѱ˲ϾѬѬ·ͱ죬顣
أ屾ͱһЩÿűҩݹı죬ҪȬ̫ˡ
أҲһϾˣٳٲȬҲᳯ룬ֻΪⶼΪģֻǺõһЩѡ
ºԣʱµӣҲѾĲˡ
ȻҲʹﵽĻ֮˵Ŀġ
Ļ֮ˣʹû뵽µĲ飬ͷ鹬̽ӣҽΡ
˵ҽҲҽСĵŹ飬һû֮󣬻ϸһΣһβҩˣطҲŹ¶š
֪֮󣬵ŵûʧɫ
ǵһΣֱ֮пᣬˣõĻɱε
ɲɱҪǿСģϸ飬һֱΪԼֻء
УҪڲó裬Ǻһп޵С͸ǲǾֻܱӣϢ
մǻᣬǲˣҲһ˹ʡ
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ϾҪкܶණҩݹҲûˣ˵ķʤʲôֱøӵˡ
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룬ޣ̫ҽԺȷʵҿġ
ǰ˵ĻΪԼԺС룬Ǳ鷳ˣƷ̫ҽû֮ʹðɡ
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ϧڸ˵պС£ҲƨƨߵκԹԣ˭ǻϵ˼ء


126 
һߣѩСظһµĶµζ˻ϸ飬ҪȻֵֶܷˣʱӻˣǶڹء
˵ѩ£ԼҲͦµģϾСӹòء
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ṬŮɫ΢΢һû뵽̫Ҫֳŵһ˺Ｑд
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ڣŹ˳ŰɻûȻС˶ӣýտҪСŵ㡣
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ͻѩӦͬУһȥ
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Ԭأʱȴһʧģ׼İˤľϲһ
ȻϽڵ㣬㣬Բ𣬶ǲãո·ʱСİһӣѩϣˤΪ̫̫׼ĺ㣬Բ𣬶Բдԭε³çɡ
ţԬڶһֿĵǸǿģ·ҪǲԭĻͶôʮһ
µſԬڣɫ࣬ףôһ⣬û뵽ôѡ
ԭ£԰ֻҪԬھͽΪ̫̫׼ңҾԭԬڵçײ
Ԭθ˵⣬һ㶼װһģ
ֻҧ´˫ͨͨС㣬治ǹġ
װڳﶼһ
Ԭڽ֮٣ǾǹģҲһϷӣſճ
׼ôΪԬһĿߣء
鷢ϣҲԬڡ
˵ˣ˭ҲɵӣԬڽոĿŵŽ̫̫ٳ˲Ҵ󳳴֣ɸµʱ
˵ϵù˭ԬڿڿһҧԼǹء
Ԭڵ˼ǲˡ
ǱԬֲҪƤˣҲǣҪҪƤôء
Ԭ֧֧˵Ȼһ̧ͷȵĿ⿴վǰİɡ
ԭһֱüͷڼԬȵĿ⿴Լʱͱ˸
֪ģΪָʹԬء
޷ҧҧֻܿڵˣҪɣȥһ̫̫ϣ飬˵
ΪԷһҲֻ׼һʱҲԤһõģΪԤͻ¼
Ҳ֪ڸ¿ˮ̵ԬҪȻ϶˰ݼ̫̫ʱġ
أףɸûʲôϵڰԼϣ飬ζǷɵġ
ңɵķŹԬڣ̫ˡ
ԣ¿ڵлһ⣬ֻҲж׼һ񣬾Ͳ鷳ˡ
˵ͻȻһתأ񣬵ǻһǧģɲԬɵһԲ˵ģҲԬڵçײȲμ鷳ԬǱһǧӣ飬ˡ
ʵ찲컨Ūģֱ˵һǧҪԬʹһ£ҪΪװһӣˣô˵顣
˵ˣԬڹˤ񣬱ֶ񶾵˼̫̫ǰ󣬿ɼ˼֮ô׵ķŹء
ԣǶԲסԼ
´һոջһģԬڣʱŴеһǧôȥһƹֵһǧˡ
Ц˵Ҳֵֵ֪һǧҵʱ򣬿ɾһǧôԬⲻǸովͱôçײˤѽ
ԬڶʱǸ̼ˣԲѷԱߵİûԡ
Ҳ֪µİ϶ֵһǧɫܿԬȷʵдȣҪ˵Ǳ˼СʹĻպԬڻ֪ʲôء
Ǿô˵ˣͷԬһǧƱãУ֮󣬽һ£дʮ鹬档
һԬڶʱɵۡ
˵׼ĺһ֮ͦãƻҲͦãֻҪԼΣװԼСײˣˤİװģͻݴɣҲܰô
û뵽»ʨӴ󿪿ڣһǧӣӰɷһºͷʮ鹬档
˵ûһǧӣУҲ⳥ģҪ˵һͲֵһǧӡ
檲ƾʲô˵һǧһǧ
ԬҲװˣոջڿ㣬һֲˣˡ
ϧɸͲһ񣬵ֱ˵һ䡰ǾͱţڳɶЦˡ
ţɶµʱˣþ͸Ͻ˻ȥɣҪȻҪٵˡ
µá
˵գӴŵĶɫװУͳһ
ⱾΪԷһ찲Ϊ׼һһʦֳдľ顣
ϣΪԷһû뵽ˡ
ɺͼλڻȻ֪ԭ׼ֲøԬ˵ʱ˿ϼɫء
Ԭȴֱ˸û뵽²׼˵һֱɫϢ
ıһУΪʲôΪһǧ
һ뵽ЩԬھĸۡ


127 
󣬰ԼרiŴ˸̫̫סĴ
ڽг̣δٳʲô۶ӣɻ֮ȥڱϵ̫̫˴Ȼһ롣
꿵Ϊ̫̫׼ٳνʢʱѾʻ׺󳼣̫̫Ȼ󻹸Ƿһ٣̫̫ϥ¾Т
ɲҪСһ٣Ӵ꿪ʼÿֻ١
ԣûһ٣һֻ٣ֱԪ硢ʵٺԼһտϢ
Դ֪һֻ٣Ҫÿ糿Ҫ֮󣬾Ͳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ֱǳĴݲ
Ͳ˯Ȼ󳤲ߡ
뵽һϵĸ߸ӣ־Լеˣû󰢸ط|̫ӣѾ𣬿ӵĻҲ
СҲǰͬĺӲࡣ
Ȼ̫ˡ
ԣǷһ٣̫̫ϥ¾ТټԼæµֳ֮࣬д飬Ϊ̫̫һϿ˵̫̫ٳһТ˳
Ҫ˵ԴӽºһһĸˣʲôҤƿȺɽ辰޹¯ʲôУڶˡ
̫̫أһʱĻָԴӹҲԵתٺٳֶ˵ʱ沿Эˡ
Ҳ̫̫Ϊͬ⿵ΪٰʢٳԸǰԭ
ɸ̫̫ͷһлûãִǬ幬Ǳ߹׼ӭ̫̫ķǰǬ幬
ִ󳡺£ֵСˣֻҪǾ׼û
һ׹̶֮󣬵ǶԼλ̫̫֮ڿĲ²Ǭ幬
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ȻˣֳҲٲ˻̫ˣֻǰķл̫󣬸Ϊ̫̫Ϊˡ
ȵ˵翪ʼǻŽصĺٴʺˡ
λݵ͵ģûʸ̫̫ģڵ֮ЩСɵѾȥˣʣ¾ЩλɲŻᡣ
ֳһۣʲôҡƿף޺ͼ࣬ʲôУ㿵̫̫Ƴڼ󣬵ʱҲʲô˻
ҲˣΪʲôЩûʸССӦô׼صѽҪֳ˵ͻֳЦ
ͱȥ׸ٵ׼̫ˡ
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뵽Ҫ׼Ҳһ۵ġ
֮ǰԼСһöǮأֻ׼ǮͬˮһĻ˳ȥ
һθоڹǮ˵Ĳ
ֲþٺ»ûм֧֣ӹҲ쳣ء
ԣ̫̫ٳһƽС˳ˣܵԬҪǷԼһǧӡ
ϾǷǮǴүҪǮ仰Ųɵġ
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Ҫڳһ㲻㻹ǮҾͲݵļơ
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ԬأΪɽԭֲܳȥծÿζǱڵڣŲˡ
Դˣÿǲţ챩ĲС
ҲһɾǲǮܰôΣ
һȥģû칦鹬˶֪˶ԬҪծˡ
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˵Ϊײ񣬱˵̫̫󣬻̫̫߱𷣣пܵġ
Һ˼׼ҪȻԬڵɾʹˡ
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Ϊ˾ǵˣ̫Сˣһǧڶ˼ԬſҪ˼Ԭû˵
⻰ܿʹµĶһǸĵǵǲСôԬڻǷһǧӰ
鲻Լϣվ˵ۣһǧһǧӵ
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ң˵Ŀ󣬲֪ĻΪǮĻء
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˵Ϊ̫̫ٳһЩǮŪ񣬵֮ǰʹ͵ǧӣڶûء
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˵èǲġ
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һ£˼֮󣬸ϽҡҡͷǵãС飬ôͷԳأԵûѽϷģзԬڻǮģᶪģ
˵꣬üŪ۵ġ

ⶼʲôʲôѽôͳأҪǷˣʲôϵѽֲҪǷˣҲǶɡ
¼¶ֱ飬ȻҪһˡ
ˣ檵ʦͽҪǷծԵͽܣʦҲԵá
ʣµĻû˵ܶĶ
һͣʱÿоһѾ
ǵж벻ôͽѽڻҪΪûñ̫ˡ
»ǶԿ˵ʵ
ʵֻӣǸԬһǧ
˵ƲƲ죬ǰͲԸǰ檲óʱ;۸檣ߵĹŮ檵ķΪ檳ñÿڴŻˣȻҪһˡ
˵ͻȻַԼ˵˻ˣϽĿڵԣΪԼֻعˣҪȻԵ֮ǰ檵ѽ˵ˣѩˤ񣬱ǹģôܾô׵ˡ
˵̹̹һ㶼һ͸˵ı飬ҲĲ֣Ϊͬ
˴ܲܲɡ
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ܿģ˿仰ָʲôʱмֿЦá
˰죬ֻע⵽һ
ѵ˵ĲԣûԬڳƯԼһСܲȷʿ
뵽ڵ׼¶ʱġ
һֱԼƯȻȲϹɫڰɣ˵һ޾ҲΪɣôڿԬڵɫҲ
ЦһСģЦӯӯؿڽ͵û˵Ԭڳñÿ޾˵
˵̲꣬סЦ
£ʲôʵ˵ǵģ
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ͲˣλҪһǧӡ
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ԬߵĹ˷ˣԬ֮󣬾ͶС˳ʹһɫ
ܿ죬Ԭھ˳һͷĶŶ˵Ǹ˵ˣûǮôһĻſڡ
ƽһûǮԬڣһӵθڣûǮûǮˤӺò׼İ
ûǮ㻹أ
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˵ˣǷծǮ쾭壬Ԭܲɡ
ޣԬһǰƽõһֲʶūŽ̵
ĳƽϰΪǴһЦǡǡǣԬǶˣǳԵĵȻūẒ̌˵ĻԬھ͸ϽҼӵһǧӣĸ˰ɣҲʡūһ˵ܹҪղ徻ūҲ۵Ļѡ
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ֻʱƽȴͻȻߵС˳С˳ѩ˵ʱ򣬻ӣΪʲôԬڵſҪأûѽ
仰̽ԬڼߵĽŲסˡ
ʱֻС˳شôһ£Ҳֻ֮ôһ죬˵˵ǰ֮󣬻˵òԬҪء
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ƽΪͬĵ˵ͷöԣǲûϲС飬أԬֻҪǮǾˣһҲûʲô飬Ҳš
С͵ԭһֱ¿ˮ̣ҾûǮԬڣʱмĻˣæҴҵߡ
ֻ·ôе㲻ȵ
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Ԭڸ˵˴֮Ҳһֱ˼ǲġ
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ֲǲ֪ûôǮҪǮūһֱſô𡣡
ԴܳˣǱӶ͵ˣ̫̫ٳûóһ
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ΪŮԬڵмּҵףģԬھһǧӣҲòġ
Ƭ̣һȻˣӲõϢˣһǧӰɡ
һԬڶʱǰһмֵĵǱ߻һǧɲǸСĿ
ưοǲҲóѽӷģūȥ˵ҪǲԸĻū澾ͰѸոƽС˳˵Ƿ˵ǳ
ԣԬҲⷨУµģִˣܲʲôŰɡ
ƽС˳ǰһߣƺžͼҴҵĳ˶Ŷķȥˡ
Ԭڱɽ㣬棬ȻǲԳȥġ
ȵٴλʱ򣬹ȻƱҲ֮ǰΪһǧһǧ
Ԭڶʱмֲ⡣
ƽ͵Ǳߵ˼ĶΪǸõġ
Ǳ߻˴󷽡ԬںǲǱ߻˺ġ
ˣǱҲִ£Żڻû֣ϽǮ˵죬Ҫȥʱˣ϶γܲࡣ
ʱܲס϶ǱҧģҲΪʲôôһӣǱ߻ʹԭ
ǲִٰˣִ˶Ǳ߿ûʲôô
ԣԬҲ֪Ǳôˣ㿪ڵǮȥȥ
Ȼɽ㣬ӣӦҲһֻ۱һֻ۵ġ
ūȥɡƵ
Լ̲סٸ˵ʱɾΥǱ߶ӵĳˡ
ԣȥȽϺá


128 

¿ƸոһǧƱڻмֲġ
˵ƽȥҪ˵ʱʹһСֶΣڶӵǸʵڲԬڻ飬ҪȻ֮ǰʱҲҪˡ
ԬתأǮûˣ̲סֹ
ԱʰյѩصԬתûתԣū澲֪Ǯûˣ϶ǲܵġū˵궫Ǳߵ̿𲻹գԬڶûûǮһЩһֱŹ˶죬ӵһǧƱ֪ʲôֶΣĶŪء
Ŷ¶졣
ǰʱԬ鹬ˣмֲ֧˵ǳλݣе谮λݸߵŹ˹ĶҪڣû뵽ʮӶʮӹҲô
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ðȡ֣Ѿдʮ鹬ˣô˵ͱ䣬ּʮ飬Ҫĥ
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С̫ϽصУǱߵĹ˺ūŲһ𵽴Ǭ幬ģֻǽҲһүǰ
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ԣʲô׵ģǱһС˽˺
ˣ֪ˣȥɡ
𿴵ϿƵᣬԵú⣬С̫һߣ
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СҲ˭ͽܣ浱ôϷŪġ


130 
峿
ٽڣñһЩҲˡ
ǰ𴲵ʱֻҪת˯ȥͺˣղУٽڣٳ
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˵ˣ϶һѽҪûˣɫǺڵġ
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ڵѡѾ죬ɿֻѡ΢ĺŮ飬Ҳûжš
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134 
С꣬Ԥ׵ĳڵʱ򣬲ѩһ
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ţҲûԿˡ


135 
ȴ鷿صԡϴһ֮ڴϡ
ʱĿھ鷿ǳ֮ɢһǰδеС
һ뵽ϵĲ࣬ڶδĸо
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ǲ֪С˼ֱۣȴǽĲ롣
ţ֪Լ²ǲǶԵġ
أԼҪֱʿĻһ´ˣ϶һЦ
ԣһתת鶯ӣһŲŲӣȻ󷭹°ͣ˫ˮ
ãһʱԡ
ֻδڣʲôʱ򣬾ͼЦеĿڵϣ˵ڻһ»ݣ
е٩ζŨ˺Ӷѡ
˻Ŀȴǲһû
»飬û˷ڣ˴Ϊͷβûƺڡ
ãܸøѵŶԣҪȻպ󻹲֪ʲôء
ֻû뵽ǣµӴľȻֱʵϣңֵ٩ҭʳڵġ
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136 
ڿֻѡŮ֮£Ǽһϲҳ
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Щûʥ裬뿿ѡ㣬Լ˹̳ļλλǡ
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ҹȥĵתһֱڴ齱ϵĴŮģע⵽ߵ
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ֻǲܽܣԼС磬ȻǸСˡ
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˵ͷ⣬ʣ·ӦǱߵ飬ɾ𣿡
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㣬Ѳ˵Լ壬С
һ뵽һ㣬Ͷµ
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137 
һ磬ƽϢ
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ֻڿʮŮҲǲôá
ʱ±̲ס²⣬ǲΪЩƵйأǻϵ
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¶ʱﻹ乬ط𣿡
ȻǰʱҲڵӾУɱ乬طôãû˵
ΪҪôλҪôֱ߰籣߶ƴء
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˵ʵֳͷĺãܵ乬ͲôһˣرЩϸƤɣ
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ֻЦĻŭţͬУ飬ôܲһ͹úðοοء
˵⻰ǡ
ļƣʱ֪˵ʲôá
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˵껰סԼĻᣬһ·˵ӵҡ
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֪ι϶Ϊ˸Щҩô򵥣֪ʲôء
Ȼ˸֮Ҳ齲Զϡ
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˵˴ָĳһο˵ĿǣοһҪ뿪һЩǧҪţǼ⣬ô˵Щûõĺ˵˵ģϥ£ںôİ;ŸأԲԣ㲻ΪԼΪǣҲӦúúõӲǡ
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ָ֥ܿǼҵĹǣһֱֲ̿ģҲ˵ء
֪Ե϶ԴС
ˣ㣬Ҳͣ˰ɡֽ
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ĵūס
㲻˵İǱҲиˣԼѲӣİѾԭ޵ĵλһ߱þ


138 
֥˳֮ڴϵĵࡣ
ͬһеڣΪ˲ȡһϧȥ·Ӧ
ͷȲ˵ֻ˸񣬻ԼѲӣҪʵʵĵ˳˵Ͳˡ
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˵һԼʧˣԼȶԵء
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˵ԼĻ˵̫պﲻֻģϽһ䣺ٲã͹ﻹСɣʱ򣬰ֱӱԼϥžˡ
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ԣһʼԿ֮ĵ飬ûʲô
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ԣڿǰǰϲֳһģ
ʱߴˣժˣӡ
ڿϲ˳ϲС⣬͹ˡ
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ȿ͹һߣ㽫ŮĽ˹
ȥһӴ⹬ѡŮ̲ܽϣ·ӦŵѲ飬ôˡ
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ĺܿ˵˼ԼǴΪԼպ󸴳׼ء
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ѡѡŮǱһԶˣ΢ҲͰˣòҲֻеȡ
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һ仰û˵˭֪Źô֮󣬻ܻϣܲ
һϣ׼ĺ·ǾͲͨˣҪǣ͹ĴӦŮ֮ģһõûС
ӦȻȱ㣬ʤ὿ΣǸףɱȺ˺öˡ
ܷһĵǱ˭ףӦ͹ȷʵʧΪһ·
ڷȥĴӦȴǴûǸˣԼ֮ףǲô򽻵ء
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Щ裬ǲͺ£·Ӧ飬ǽӴ⹬Ƶ˷˼ϣŻأôܲˡ
Լƶˣıĵȥˡ


139 
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ȵŹ˵ǰȥ͹ʮһһȥ֮ɫѿĲּ˼֡
ŹΪһ亹
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֮ǰʱ򣬾Ϊ˵飬ү죬ڻδүӡĹء
Ϊ飬ֱʧʥģǲ֪˵ʲôá
ŹãպԶŵˣûձӲʹˡ
ڵڿǰԼҩ飬Ȼһ֪ǺҲ֪
ԣԳĸ֮ˡ
ڿһѿԼίֻſ滨꣬ĵ˵Ѿ֪ԼѲӣԼպΪʼҷá
ֻҪʯĳȻΪΪԼŮӵİϧѡ
Ǹ˵ӣֱӽ֪࣬϶Ҳ
ҩֶΣνظ
أܴͷβ֪ԼΪ£һεʧʥġ
Ϊʼ磬ǰг谮мָ飬Ҳġ
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ԣʱüͷ
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ԣʱŵһʬýλ
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Ȼ˵⹬˭֪İڻʹģ˼Σǿ϶İġ
ԣʳѰĶ顣
Ҳ֮λˣֻҪʮ籧ȥ͹ԼһֱλҲǲܽܡ
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֪Ϊʮ£һֱֲֻ̿ÿڿοǲˣҲûйͷҲ˵
ɵôǱأӣպУ϶ҪһȹԼĵλİִӻʹʮֻа࣬϶õѡ񡣡
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أ߰С㣬Ǹѡ˰Ȼȴһֱڻϥ£ҲѾ˼µ꣬㲻һѡ
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һϸĽͣʱͬඥԼӲ޵ķʸȷʵе
Ҫ뱧һĻȷʵֻʮʡ
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֮ǰԼӵĵʱҲΪԼֻˣֵĸĪھһʱΣС
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ԣɵ۾ʱһ뷨ҲʧΪһð취
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ʱͬסһһپһ㲻˵˶Ϊ˴㹬棬ʮ硣
뵽ɾã˵˵ȥǶ̫ûˣԴʮ֮һζûбҹŻ䵽ѵľء
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Ǳ߾ôʹķˣôоôĲء
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Ҳò˼飬ȷʵˡ
¾ãôô졣
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ʱ򣬿ӦҲΪԼһ·
ȻȺڵ۾ѩģһײĲ²⣬׻ǲ¶˵˼
Ͼ⹬ȱľǴˡ


140 
֮󣬶ɵĴŮˡ
¿ŷϽеһɽκһΣЩͷԡ
¶˲β˽⣬ɽεľݣͷСôҲаϡ
ͷ棬Ϊճöˣ鱦εļҲЩĵá
αˮ覣һֵơ
֪˹صǺ⣿¿ʡ
ƽͶûʲôʣһôصĶɲϡͿ¡
ȻƣҲȴҲ׾Ӱȡ֮е̵ֶĵ
ֱ׵˳ҲװͿ㿪ڵ˲̫࣬ҼֻϣҪǱʮĻʱүǰҼӶ˵˵
˻һ㶣ʵҪʮ磿
ô֪Ϣ
ֻý͵ڵûУҼⲻ鷢𣬱ϾѲӣ϶Ҫ磬ʮСа꣬ĸģȻµ˼ҪĻⲻҼӵ𡣡
˵ϵı飬żֶԵķ߿ͶԼӶɵͬġ
ԣҼһֱʳѰ󵽹ͷϣֻϣ˿ҼӶʮһƬĸ֮ĵķϣʱܰҼүǰһ飬Ҫʮ籧͹ȥ
˵ʱԴУ˵Ҳż̲סͬܣͬ顣
һʱ䲻֪οھܾ
Ȳ˵ʮ٣һСˣ治ǣһλһλӸȨȥġ
ⲻϵԼ
˵ˣ˭ǿĵĸδĻ̫ҪΪ°ˣҪ
һԼȿĻô죬ǵʱǱˣ˵Բԣ
ԣܵǲ뱧ʮ磬ܶ͵жأҲĴŮ˵ĶԴǿУ¶˻ˮ
ʱڹҪþ
ҹܳԼΧ飬ǲͬģǽɵȱúûأ
ԣԥƬ֮󣬱Ҳûֱӿھܾˣû˿ˮģɣҲûиκλء
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֮ǰţ˾㿴ݹƷķϣҲῼǿǡ
Ͼ鲻Ѱ죬ֻǰڿǰ˵ϼ仰ܵõ˹֮ֲӰʲôֶΪء
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ȴҡҡͷȥɣϣİﲻ϶ʲôæ
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룺ǲ֪Щʲô֪үѾ¶ģʮ籧˲ŻҲľܾˡ
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ҡҡͷ͵ǵǣֻǾԼһСˣûôλϵ飬ûôӰүľߣǶ߿ˡ
˵Щ滰֪֮
ԣȴ˺αԷƱأ⹬˭֪ܳ裬үΪˣ̫̫Ӷˣ̫СԼˡ
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治֪Ϊλƶɣ治ϲΪ˵飬ЩǷȥ
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ȥЩһ㣬УµĻϸϸ˼һ飬һһȥ˵Լ
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²ÿɷĺģֻǲԸͬɵ˼ˡ
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ڹｻõɲ࣬ôʱҲ͸ŹˡӦϤһЩɹһЩ


141 
һգùź±ѩȡ߿𣬿ʼߵ˶嶾ɰ
ʱƽ
й֮󣬱㿪ջ͹ӦǬ幬ޡ
ͣĻƣ̧ͷٶô죿
ǵӦȥ͹Ҳû೤ʱɡ
ƽصūŴˣȥ͹ʱӦڵŵ˵˻ϣȻǬ幬ûãϾͷӦӣӦܹôޣǵڻǰʹ
ⷬ¶ʱֻȻĸо
ѹˣ׿ھټҪλӡ
ٶҲģֱǲ˷һ˿һĻᣬԼӶûأѾʼΪӦƤˡ

ţӦ˵޵ͷزŶԣ
ΪôŶҪһʱƳӦأû뵽˼ѹûȣлѡϡ
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ֻǹƬ̣ƽû뿪̧ͷһֹԥŸòÿڵģʣô£
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̫Ǭ幬ʹ͵̫֣̫࣬Ǿ·͵ģܹȻָľǿߵŹˡ
ȷʵûһ磬ǾһЩ͹ȥ
ƽ⼸˽ӴĲ࣬Ҳʹͻ͹ʱ˵ϼЩӣǵ˽϶ûƽࡣ
ƽȻڣɼҪġ
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ūžӵĻˡ˵мֲ˼ͷ͵ʵūžǾöȻأȴһ⣬ŸӶ˵һ졣
ЦЦҲ죬û뵽飬뵽ҡңǶ졣
ԣƽȻɶˣֿЩ˶ˣǻǲҲҪһЩӹȥʾʾ
תôһȦԼӿ顣
һʱ䣬æѡ㣬æѡûãָϵѲ֮æ̫ӳѧ£ԸоߵĴıǰˡ
ܳһӦƽ뵽ӣԼ衣
˻ȴһ㶣
Ȼعֱ֮ӵӦòȱӳԣͲˡ
ӦޣվϸŸӣ֪ģΪг裬ϸء
룬ͷƽ顣
ԣƽʱмźȴֲñֳ
ֻӦӵġ
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˵꣬æźۼĸƽʹһɫ
ûеݳȥƽûӦŹʹһɫ֮عæڵǵģӷԸūŹЩӸϳһ
ֻ˵ôôоû
Źһ⣺СӷӦѽ˵ʱģҲ֪ү᲻ţ᲻롣
ʵոڵʱ򣬾ѾԼԼ֮ĶԻֻʱûʲô
Ͼ˸Ǭ幬飬һֱһֻ۱һֻۡ
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ο͵ֻһӰˣô顣
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֪Լմ˴ŭ˻ϣԼڹ֪Ҫ뷨ӸϽȲǣܲԼΪô׵ʧ˳衣
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ڣԲһ֪ƽǸӣǸŹӣǲ֮ſڰƽˣȻѾҲûã˵ˣ㣬ҲˣȻȥһǬ幬˵
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һκδٿͣǰȥǬ幬ΪҪŵĹ̫࣬һأ˭֪á
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ֻǸû߼أͼսӵϢŹӵӭ˳
һ£˶ûǰأѾɥһ˰οɰūſӿѽүڶԸūء
¼һ棬һŵӣͺЦӲ̲סˣ
ϽЦҵĴ֮ǰûȫܹˡ
ŹϽ˰֣˿ɱɷūˣūŸոֻǸ˿ЦأȻˣūҲͷˡ
Ǳ˭˵ӳ̶ȣΪǰλѡ㶼ֻӡ
˼ȻѾˣүոǵСƢ϶ܿˡ
˵ŻŹ³ߡ
ڸѩǱǬ幬Ĺ쵽طȥˡ
һһ۾ͿбϵĿֻһ飬Ǿ۾Ŀš
ʱŹͣסţûиżǰߣСضµˣү￴أūžͲǰˣԼȥǡ
ʱǺɫ֪ԼǰˣҪȻүɼˡ
Ȼĵ˵ͷл鷳ܹܴ·ˡ
ԣŹһװģϸͲڵ麹һ߿ӦõģӦõģǿˡ
һ㶼鷳ҪǲҪȥˡ
¶ʱֱСЦĵǰô֪Źôء


142 
Źȫǰ֮Ƶߵ˿ǰ
ûֱӶ񣬶ǺȻŵش
ֻһֻϸָǰ˻Ρ
·ûע⵽ˣҲûע⵽ֻСһ㣬Ϊļ顣
ָûмζʱһҳ飬۾ļš
һЦ߻װģһֱӼⱾᣬַŵԱߵĿϡ
ȻЦӯӯ˵ΪֻǰЩţڼˣˡ
޲ûءӲĻص
ԣǵЦˣûûѽҲôСȻû檾ͿԷĵĻȥˡ
˵գȥ
ô׵ȥأĴ΢΢һ̧קסϸ
µͷһ۱ץס̧ͷһԴ֮󣬾ûۿһµĳˡ
Ǻ⣿
ֱ׳Сģҧݣ֪ģΪء
ԣץ΢΢һֱӽ˴ԼС
Ƥһ˫İ˫Ǻ⣬˵Ǻ⣬ôֺһ˻ҪŹūŵƨѵƨ޹ã
ĵطƾʲôǹūӳԣȴûУŹء
˻һֱЦӯӯС
ֻżСƢʲôŹƨ˵ҲˣƽͼӸŹⶼƨĻһֱڸ嶾ɰʲôѵ𣡡
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һص鹬±һֱµƽȥһŷûʲô㣬һЩ
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144 
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145 
ܿ죬ⳡͷβĿڽǣˡ
ɸǽãϾÿ춼Ϸ룬ϰΪ
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ο֮ĸĸû죬ûѽּģҲֻСưˡ
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146 
Уһ벻˵ɴڣֻûϵǲ롣
ɰɲһɲ룬Ϊ˵λܲ밡
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147 
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뵽ֻ̾ϢһϧˣҪƽܸ˶Ͼͺˡ
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ҲΪԽԽɵԭ


148 
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Դˣ˵Īˡڰ裬˯о١
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ǰʱƽǬ幬ҲҴȥҲҴңӲ飬ˣʱǬ幬С̫䡣
пˣƽȻ̲סĸС̫̽һ䡣
磬ĸɻᾭǬ幬ͳʳٱ磬ĸϵĴѽ֮ġ
֪⣬ָ˾οǬ幬ŵС̫ˡ
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ȻˣǬ幬ؼĻ˵Ҫ飬֪ʲô˵ʲô˵
ҪȻ֪ôġ
С̫أҲ֪ںó裬ҲԸӣƽ𣬱һЩ޹ؽҪ飬лһ˵ƽ
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У͹ĵɹǬ幬ͳʳ͵ڡ
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ٱϣ˵ʮһˣȥһ
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ЩǵֶΣֱܱȡ


149 
ƽС̫һûһŵʱǰƽŵǰ̫˹
ԭأۼҺңɣүȥػءǰ̫һЦĶƽ˵
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ƽһĲ鿴һԼ޲֮Ÿǰ̫ߡ
С̫࿴ƽӰǬ幬ңողûжżͬλ˵
ǡ෴λһӣһԵ
ɣ˼ת۾ͱǬ幬үˡ

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ԣЦӵʲôʳ
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أִûһ˵źӺ֮һڣֻʣһŮе֪ôźá
ŹʻǸϽصӴѩȥŷ
һϵıʱת磬ԱŹҲһ
˵Ӧòô׵ˣϹţôܻԵ޹ʵĲء
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˻ȴֱӾܾãµűɡ
˵գҲٴСŮǴǵֱȥ鷿
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Դ֪ȥŷ׼ʳ֮ǽһѽ
ȴʱ䣬òôѰ
Լٴ¹ǶԵġ

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151 
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Ȼ֪ǿѾˣڵء
Ѿˣ첽ߵſ֮ȴûȥСѯſڵǰ̫ࡣ
ӵĻүһˡǰ̫Сص
˵˾͸û˵һ
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ֻǽȥ󣬿ĳȴеϣר־ĿһЦݶ׵İɡ
£ǲߴƬˡ
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ҪǣȽϰȫղ˵Ĳϲ
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һɸǾձʼԼһˣǲǶһ١
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152 
˿̣ɿڣϸ㣬ζŨرˣȵļˬڣθֱűⶼ񫡣
ԣһٷȻԳˡ
ˣƽնһķͲˡ
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أͬĸоԼǺþûԵʹˡ
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ڵĹءʳ硱ãϾֻôˣҪһ˳ԲεĻͳԲ
ԣʳ硱ĹأҲֱӱԺȥˡ
ԱźŹøĿɿڴ
ǰʱ˳Էֵͦġ
ԣӦͦԸװһװģոһٷˢԼ֪
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155 
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̫̫ȴǶ˰֣֪˵ʲô
޷ǾЩȰοĻԼԼ֪ⳡ󲡣վ̫ľ
ֻ̫̫̾ϢһܻѾ֪ˡ
̫ڣ˶ӣܻŮΪһϸĵ̫̫ĺ֪㡣
ô˵ӿ϶ٰܳġЦſο
˵Ѿ󰢸ָ̫飬˶ãǾҪ飬һ꣬϶ʱɾ帣ͬء
˵£̫̫ҲЦ
ֻЦ֮ȴܻʱãʱҲûʲôźġѽҷĲ£¾޼ҳ֣̫ںȵ۵ĺѽ
ҹλʱ̫̫̲ס˼롣
˵ʵҪЩ꣬õǻ治ʲôˡˣôóĹˣҲ¡
ڲˣȥһ֮ԽԽˡ
һͷ̲ס뵽顢뵽̫ںȵۡ
ԽԽ¡
ûٿȰο̫̫ˡ
˭ף̫̫Ĳһ仰ܴġ

ֱ磬²Ŵƽ֪Źȥŷ񸣸̫̫ʳ顣
Ҳû룬ֻΪТ˳òƷһЩȥ̫̫һ
ֱڶգŴ֪ʼĩ
¶ʱˡ
ֱǳࡢڼѽʲôûأִӱһѡ
ԣҲʲôûóԵģɮ⹴
ûһһЦӯӯף¾һͲȥֱšĳ˵Ķˡ
šǲšģΪСѽ˵˵ȴǸҵġ
ϣֻǹøţ¶ҪԺһЩŰɣ
Լһ˳ԷͦģȽڣô鷳Ҳôء
˻һʱҪôĿһ㶡
ԱߵŹѩҲסˡ
⡢⡢ô
ΪԼҲ޵Ĵѽ
Щȥ̫̫״ɣʲôϵѽ
ܶôģŵȨء
µ檵Ĵûȫû뵽ϹøţҲúڽÿۣõ̫̫ǰ˵죬̫̫Ͷһ̫̫󻹲֪ôأ˭˭ѽ
˵˵ţ¸оǸίߺҲ֪ۿת
ίϽŹ˻֣Щµūȥ
ŹһðɣϷǿˣϽż˳ڡ
ŹŹһߣߵϡ
Ȼ󳤱һ죬ֽίҪ˶̵ԼĴá
ָֻ̧֣İżۿ顣
ͬʱܶˣ˰Ĵ޿ǲܣ޵ĲԣǵĴû
뵽ȥ̫̫˵ɣֶ˼
˭ǽܶŪء
ܶģѾĸ͹ˣ飬ĸġ
˵ţͽԼڴ̫̫ѵ飬ָϸϸ˵һ顣
ҪȻΪλŹרһ鹬ŷȥĸʳΪ˴ĸ𡣡
ԣܶĵĶǶģѾܺõĴ飬ĸ㣬˵ﻹмָĹء
ԣӣżֻɵ˵Щģ
Ȼģ֣ܶҪǲţԵŹʱūžֳġ
Լǲѽ
Ϊ˸ӣܶ˵˵Ļܶš
ߵĹū֤ס
ֱߵˣ
ʱͻȻץֱۣȻϲ˲ΪոյСıˮ
һ߲䣬һߺ˵檾Żһء
˾ٶ𾪵Ŀʱ۾ֱˡ
֮Цõܶǲ𣬾ͲܲҪĲɾ
ô꣬ûôɡ
˿Цð
ÿ£ʱ鱶ãѾΪЦ
Цžܾܣھϲûϵ顣
رĽ
ãܾͲܰɡε
ܶǻ˵Ժٹ֮£ǲѾԲ
ԣ³Ĭ
һĬҪʱÿһ
³ĬƬ֮󣬹鰡檻ٺúһ롣
Ҳû˵Ҳû˵
Ǽ˼ѽ
ܶͲҪһ˰ɣǾɥǿ޲Ѿ𡣡
̫ܶݣݶС
ҪȻкýģ
Ϊѵðɣ檾ԭ»һء
Ƿһɡ
ԣһסŵϷСˣͲȸԾˡ
ȵţֳѾõʳ֮󣬸ǾãԼǻϷûݣûװ
ҪȻܳɿڵķأ

ǰһߣ±ѩһ𣬿ʼ²ĸȥ̫̫
Уʸȥ̫̫밲ɣҲôλʹɣҲʮλ
ȥ岻áٳŵĻʹ˵ʵ³ţĶɡ
ţӦټһƽˡ
λΪ̫ӵĸҪȥݼĻ̫̫̫ӵϣ˵ǻӼġ
ʣµľǸй϶
ȻˣҲûܣϾڶɵ·뽫ɣȻ
ûóǰЩɣǶ̵޵ģżһΰɡ
ԣЩ˶ɵġ
Ҳ˵ʣµĻɡǣûʲôɣҲڻɵķΧ֮ڡ
Ͼоϻ˵úãʵ˰£ǶǱ顣
˵̫̫ǰĲֹһλɣкüڱһҲ˵ء
ԣɰһȦ¿˭ɣ˭ˣҲûȷһλ
Ҫǣ鷢ڴ˵ûˣˣҲȥ̫̫ߵѽ
ټϿСһµţʱе̫Ҳѡ
룬ֻա
뵽Լڿ˵ҩ΢̹һЩ


157 
ЩΣŴǱϢʱȴڿŹǱ͹һʳ֮󣬾ûġ
ʱЩʧѡ
Ϊ̫̫һֱϲˣֻҪ¸֪ζӲʱùľˡ
û뵽Ȼˮû
ֱ̫ʧ
ܿҲûٹעˣΪһ£Ǭ幬Ǳ߾ʹ˿ѲϢ
һʱ֮䣬ֿʼ
ſһѲɣǱȱȽǡ
£Ϊ֪ԼγëܸſһУκλ룬һֱһ̬
Ǽ˸ߵĹˡ
ϾԼܳ裬ƽʲô飬ҲӦ
ԼֻҪڻϹʱ΢䣬ôҲһȥġ
ԼӲ꣬ûһĺ޶˵ϣûбһ˿ԼӸ˼
ЩźĹˣβżأ
ر뵽ȥ꿵Ѳ⣬ȥ֮ãѩ֮Ǹżˡ
˵ƽܵѩǰ͵͵ѯʣӸһȥ⡣
ɼߵĹˣԴ»Ǳźܴڴġ
ʵ˵ǿ£λɺͬסһļλɣҲڿء
տʼʱЩ˿ŲˣΪѾӦһȥأ
ҪȻôһֱڵġ
ֻȴ˿˵ʰ׼еԤĸ˳ţûж
ˣ濴˵·ˡ

һ峿밲ɻλɣµһүѲ⣬˸һȥ
ԣ΢㶣űȻĻصһȥѽ
һһ˲İ
ڵͷȲɣҲˣԱɵ˵СģҲ˵ˣ㶼һؿ
ǰɣҲЩԾµĻش
˵ķӦҲһͷˮԡ
ĵǵķӦԭǲ֪ԼһȥѽǣҲû˵Ҫȥѽ
Щô϶һȥء
ԴϴΣȥԷγεĲ֮ͶԳԶŵ飬κλ룬Ƿ
Ŷɻǽɻ˳ΪβүһȥأڵĶ裬ֻҪͬүһ䣬үвӦõĵ
µȻܸ˵ΪԼγŲȥġ
ֻܻص˰ɣѲ⣬·;ңԶ۳Ͷٲ˵Ҫһ·ֱ̫̫࣬С壬ǲҪȥ鷳ˡ
¾ãԼɻͦ֡ͦ˵ģҲ֣е
һȴǿɵһ
ȻˣҲǱɺ˵Ǹ𾪵ˡ
ϾܸſһѲĶҫ
˾Ȼ˵Ѳ۳Ͷ٣̫ǲȥ˰ɡ
ֱˢǵۺ֪
ֻ𾪹ǵͱ˳ļʡ
ͬ˲ͬȥȴȥȥȴȥɡ
ֱ̫ˣ
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˻һɶʱǰһ
ոջ¼ʲѵĿ⣬ͱһε
ãӦֱǵ֪أֺ÷ӣ뵽
ںɣ˭ŷӵڿǰ¶ԴﵽԼȥĿġ
ϧû·Ǭ幬ǰ̫඼ʲϣôֻء
ǣڲһˣȻԼſȥ⣬Ϊʲôܰǣڻϸǰ䣬Ǹȥء
˵ǺͬһãɣȻǲԼĽãԲԡ
˭֪ڿǰ棬ó衣
һӣӦû˵ģ
һգ۵Ĺڳ뷨࣬Ȼθࡣ
λɣӦĻ֮жż⶯֮ǰʱ򣬸ദʱǷˡ
Ȼһ˫ؿĵط뿴˵
أʱӦ޳ܸסˡ
ԼĶûɣ
Ӧ˵ʲô˵ڳɣڿԼ䣬ȻÿǳѲ⡣
Ӧΰɣ
Ӧ˵ĺ£ñȽϿһЩ
˵û££ΪʲôҪǣΪպԼء
Ӧˣûһأ
ֻǻûʲôõ˵ǣھܾʱԬȴԱЦſڵӦ˵˼ȻȥɣβᣬøĽء
ͬסһ󲻹ĸøŻȥ⣬˻ϵպҲ˽Я֮ģԲԣ
ԬȻӦڲôԸڸµ飬֮ܡ
ѽģǿ϶ġԬڵĻӦ͹Ůӱ͡
˵ͷ鲻ȥ˵
ԬڵĻǸһغö¡
ֳ֪ϣ²ȫȻܾһֱҪõŹˣͻȻⲻΪүʲôƢڳλλ
ȻΪǣܵүǰַǷҪһүãүǰָԴĽǣ˭
˵ĻôȫȻ˵ˣôðŷգΪүǰԡ
˵ǼٵģŹû뵽Щ˵ƤȻ֮񣬴ʲôýã˲Լ˵ţô˺˾ͷ
ֱ̫޳ˣ
ŹһͨƤȽϱĳӦͱǣʱ˸ͨ졣
ټŹϣλǰţڳĳλ֮⣬ǻ治ûػ
Ԭڲͬǰóأԭмְ裬м첻µز£ҪȻҲµó֮󣬻Ŵˡ
ңܻԹɫȻҲλɶԴм⶯
ΪӮðɵĺøУȻԸǰ䣬˾ͷ
ԣԬڱŹ˵Ƿ֮󣬷Ź⻰˵̫ʲô˵ĴȫȻˣʲôʱ˵ĴȫȻˣֻţȻ˲үһ⣬ȥĽԼôˣѵд𣡡
ԬĻһͬ뷨ȴҷŹ˵ĳӦǣϽݺݵҡҡͷ
⵱Ȼûˣ
ͬԼĻԬ¶˼ֵ֮ɫ
ֻ˵˵ȥʱɣ͵ﲻԼĹ˺ڣڻϸǰ˵ûϾͬǸȥڼȻ˵ó裬ֲȥֻҪڻǰĽԼ䣬вӦ֮˵˸Ͳæ
䣬ӦǣָŸ͵ĸϽݺݵĵ˵ͷ
ǾԬ˵ĺܶѽȥ꿵Ѳʱ͵ǣҲƼԼĹ˺ڣһȥ
Ȼ˼ҵУΪʲôأ


158 
Ҳ֪ԬڣԼڿǰ˵ֻΪ˸Լ£Ż˵ֲⷬĻ
ߣǹ˵ɣ˵øȥ⣬ȥгһףΪĴ롣
磬ȥİɡӦǡ
أԬ˵ⷬسŹˣҲǳ롣
ΪӳӦ֮󣬾Ѿڳ˻롣
ſڵԬ˵ףҪı£ھͲһССĹ֮λλλˡԬھȻҸеĵȣ̫ˡ˵Ҫ˭ȥ⣬˭ȥ⣬оϣҵȺ๵顣
˵˴΢΢һ٣ʵѵԬУϾһ˻ûо֮ˣֻҪ˵仰ϾͻӦ
˻һոջмֵ֮ɫԬڣʱЩ˿ɲҪѪˣʲôʱ˵ǻ֮ˣ
üԬ˵ֻҪڻǰ䣬ϾͻӦԬڻﻰҪ˼˼ôԬֲˡ
Ҳ֪ҪֱӿھܽӴ£϶ڳЩлɡ
סԬڿĻҲźһ˵飬Ͳ֮ˡ
һ仰ǿ̫Ӣûб˵
㡪
ˣǶҪˣڱϵİɣڳ˼˵
ԬںͳӦ˼Ź˺˵ĵģҲȵΪֹٴӳ顣
ﻰ⣬Ƕ鱧л롣
˻ĳӦͱǣȴһϲ
֪λɣô»пԵģͿ˵Ӧ´ˡ
ɵĻ֮ȴ΢΢üͷ
û뵽ԼܾˣɶԴȴִš
ţɻһתֻǿ϶ǰ㣬˰ڳˣڻǰԵģ̫ʵܳɹ鹬һȥɣѾܲˡ
ԣǶԴҲҪ̫ϣ
仰ֽڳոϲļλֱӴǵĻ롣
ϧɸͲЩ˱ĻᣬֱӶ˵ˣʱȻ磬ɢ˻ȥɡ
˵գתͷ˵£Ҫͬ˵
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뿪󣬰ʾ⹬¸»²յڣóԲ衣
л¶ϵĲյڴմմûĺȥ
룬ʵǰ˹磬һλ˵ѵĻ;Ɑˮ¹һ
ԣСĽһĺãҲжʡ
ȻҲע⵽СҲֻЦЦµĽû˵ʲô
Թյ֮ȥܿתֻȥʱһżŷ⡣
һ΢΢̧̧°ͣʾżݸԼԶ£һ߿ڽ͵дõױʼţΪһֱ󹬣޷ϵ˱ĸʶ֮ͽñԽС
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˵˴˶٣һתһ仰һֱ˵˵ЩͽŮӣ˷̻ϣΪʼҷ֮⣬ҪĻΪĵλٳ衣
ԣ֮ǰ㲻ΪԼҲҪΪվļһ롣Уһ˶ľ֧ĲߵĸӳԶ˵˵ĶԲԣã
Ȼֻδ顣
һδᣬɰɸո˵Щȴ־䰵⡣

Ҳ֪Լ׻ش˰ʲôֻ֪Լ츸żĸɸˣ֮󣬻صԼס
ǻȥ֮ûţϣʾ֭ŹҵһС
˵ʵйԭļ䣬ļǵòࡣ
մǻŸȣԵɵһ˺ü죬ܼסŹء
ӣȿţүӵ׸˵ʲô飿ѩԱ߿ڴߴٵ
˻ŻȻѩڴдżϸϸ
츸дĲֻ࣬һЩȽҪ顣
¿֮Ҳ֪ʼĩ֪Ϊʲôǰתš
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Ͼٺ٣źܴ
Ȼˣ츸ҲнԼαؾģԭǰڱʹ
Ӧ˵ǰң츸ؾǵģһƽǽһġ
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Ϊ츸֪֮ͬĹϵŵȻúɵĻµĻҰ
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һߵͷֽµãһ߻ص˵ոյؾ
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Ϊ߸õĴŮѩ츸һֱΪ飬֪һġ
츸ؾȻ¸ˡ
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ѩܿ뵽ԼǴӰģҲ뵽еĹϡ
ӵ˼үܵؾǰĸڱʹ
šµ˵ͷ
ͷ۵ĵطڲ֪£Ƿ˰һ飬ȻΥԼĳԣϣȷʵǷˡ
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һ˵ѩԼνˡǱѡɹ̳ġ
ֻǽ֮Ӳó裬ֲԸ⵽ɸǰãŽнԶ
󣬰Ҳٹܣں
ٺһ󲡣Щȥˣ֮䣬֮ŵ˻óм䣬ԼӸɵĹϵȴϿǰг֪ġ
ԣҪǲرӵĿˡ
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ΣĲһȥ𣿡ѩʡ
ҡҡͷһûȥ
ǰڻǰæ˵飬ô죿Ӵæ
ѩҲѾףóŸԼӵˡ
ҡҡͷһɡ
˵ʵĲæأ˱仯Я󱨣Ϊѡ


159 
ţúһ룬νʱסںԺŹ˾ŴŮˡ
һŹ˱ȿ£밲㣬үǰ˵
ʱദºŹ֮ĹϵѾټͬס鹬ϵãûµʱǾͰһģʱ䡣
ŹأһɣԺ֪֮࣬ʱҲὫһЩ˵
һȥ֮Ƿͬһ㡣
Źֱܹ£ҲΪµԭ±ҲûжŹߺ󣬵飬һһŹˡ
츸ᵽĵؾ֮£ǰڱæ飬Ҳһ˵˳
ɼŹ˵Ρ
Źһ֮ԭȰ²ҪӦ֮£ʱȴ֪οˡ
Ͼǣ壬֮ǰҪء
һ˰ɣڱ츸ʹӵĻǾͲðˡ
Ź˳ĬƬ̣ʵôﻹǲ
ⲻǻû𡣡µ
츸ؾҲţǰʱ߻ʵԶ㲻ﰲҲɡ
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岻ںϺȣѰ졣
˵˴Źֵ治үȥ⣬ʵڲУ͸ȥ¡
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˻»ҡҡͷ㲻֪ûȥ֮ǰ˵ЩҲ滰ӣܲס·۳Ͷٵġ
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ȻмֵЦ˼ȷʵҲΪµġ
Ź˵ĵЦҲЦ
֪ŽĵģȱľˣҾǵģܷסϲ谮𣬴𰸿϶ǲܵģѵ˼ڻء
Ź˵˵ͷ⻰ȷʵǣһѡ㣬ȱľòˣסү谮ˣǿ϶ܡ
꣬үͺʺѽҲûסү谮ǣ繫һġ
ԣо仰˵ĻǺܶԵģүˣǸܵ顣
˵ҲԣڽүֻѡλŮ빬Ҳˡ
ںó裬ֻѡλŮ빬ȻǶ
ѽ⸽͵
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Ź˻ȴҡҡͷһ˰ɣͲˣ˵ģ۳Ͷٵģʵ̫ࡣ
µĺ⣬죬˭ȥΣֲ
Ҫǻ֮˵ᶯģ˰ɡ

Ź˴뿪¸ѩһȥС˯
ֻ˯źȴһΣεԭǰһЩ顣
У츸Բڣʮſţȴûʲô·ڿֻ֮ܿһѧݣԽΪ
꣬иµݣΪ֪츸и಻׵Ů㽫ҪѰ֪֪סòŮ빬ڹ̳Ϣ츸֪
츸󣬹ȻĶѣǰæ˵
ʱ츸ʵûбϣ˵ͬ죬ȴ֮ڳλȨأͬʼףȴǴ̫ү֮󣬾ǲʵҪпϵļױ
ԣ츸Ҫѡ빬̳裬ļһ治һܿҡ
û뵽龹Ȼˡ
ҲòŮҼ΢պĵط
츸أҲô빬Ҳû츸ıһƷĲ˾¡
ȻֻǸŹ٣ûǮû·츸Ǹ˲ѣϼҾ߸˵ظȥˡ
ѾͽŮҲֻܿ컯ˡ
󣬻˺һԼոΣӦòֻһΣԭ빬ǰʵ飬ֻǱһʱԺ
츸һţЩһԿף¼һЩѡ
˵ʵЩҲ֪һʲô̬츸
˵Ůٰɣ츸϶ϣּŮ빬ǼֱϵڱĴ£϶ȵͣҸżҼҪá
Ȼ츸ﻹһֵģŮģڸ˼һã˼ңʵҲȫһ¡
˵վͻ£ңֱӽΪıһǰء
Ҫ˵츸ŮٰɣΪȷʵͨŮ빬ΪԼı˹λ
ֱ֪˵ʲôã
룬Һԭָ̫Ů֮飬ΣҪȻѽ͸Ѱˡ
˵˿ӣңľż
ô΢һ㣬ȻΪռ˼ԭ򣬱˷ӣеͶ벻þͬ츸ĸŮ֮飬ҵļΣ

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ڣ͹Ĺ̫ϲ洫صϢһһӵ֪
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˵ʵǰʱһֱΪλܳһȥģҲûжȡ
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Ǭ幬е֣֪ҪѲ⣬һȥʱܻȽϾãȥȻʹڿǰ¶¶ֲŹء
˵԰԰ӵɶֶ
ϧǣҲû̬Ҫλɸȥ⡣
Щϥаɣɵ뷨ֲһϣԼȥأϣϥµİȥ
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˵ŻסһֱۣҡţأҲ¶һŵ֮ɫ

˵ܲܲҪŰ
ˮ֮УٿţٸЦһ
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ңҲΪ츸ڵøλܵٻ
Ҫǣ츸ΪԼŮں󹬣ͿԲͶܡܻܿ츸޾Ұĺ
ʱҰĺƥ䣬ͲΪãĺ
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һˣǺܴڴȴޣ˵ľ˰ɡ
Ǿģպ֡ͬ
µΪԼжֻǾֲ츸ŮûҪë
츸ѾƾŮ빬ı˹λȻƾؾǣڻŽһ죬ôõ顣
ؼǣ츸˲̫˽⣬ҪԼȥһ츸ǸõĻãҪǸõģǻԼ
ԣûпǰС
µȻҪ檵ģҪǸģûлϵĶ䣬Ҳ٣ҪǸʬ»ز͵ģλͣøȥء

Ȼû֣ܶ˸߷֮ţⷬоЩԲλࡣ
Ȼܶе̫
Ҫɣ˵ó裬֪ôΪԼĸֺͼıء
ҲܶŻɵ㶵ǵƣ˵˴Ȼ֪˵ʲôá


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163 
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²۰̫پ֪Լˡ
ҲǣȻ˺ò׵ĹȨſȥġ
ˣΪλ֮£͸Լ϶ӿ϶ܰ
һͨˡ
ͨԴʮֻ֮һչʮ˼˲١
ʣµЩСɣǾ͸ûϷˣܿǲ˭
ԣ濵ȥСť»ѹûв롣
ϥµʮ磬仹̫Сټʮһزûãʮſȥˡ
Ͼ߻ʵԶģһ·۳Ͷٲ˵˭֪·ϻ᲻¡
ԹȤֻʣ³ԹϿϷˡ

͹
ڣĽϲǰ飬˵֪
ȴһĲңҾ𣿡
΢΢˵ͷӦôˣǵˣȻֻһ䣬ҪûĻɿָңӦþҡ
Ͼ鹬УҲֻ졣
ĺ񲻼ǵûɡӦϵλݣûɣڹŮӹŮ֮ģûôע
ο鹬ﻹ飬ɸ˵ң϶ָľ
ɻ˼˵ҽˡȷһ顣
ֵ˵ͷȷʵ
ǰɺңˣû뵽˰һɲŻġڷ
ԣһЦû뵽˵ǸйģҪǻˣ˵͵ͷˡ
ĸ͵˭˵أҲǴ󵨣Ͳ³׵λɺ𡣡
ǽӵϢޣҲ˵ġ
˵ʵ˻˵λɶӣĶ֪˵Ǵɵ
֪η
˼ˣһ˲ΪԼһ·
Ҳû˭ˣ
ڵó裬ʢȻ°ɺңԺ飬˭˵ء˵ˣ㿴˵ӣһһȻˡ
ҪȻϴεĹϣҲһϳԣԼ˵ǷָĻˡ
˵ĳǸ̫ǳһίԸܵ
˵Ҳǡĵͷͬ
ҪǸǸģξͲӺɺ˵
һ߶ϵ໨յţһ߾˼ıΪԼʲôô
֪˼飬ûпڴţǰصȴš
˺һŷеĲյԸ㴫üȥһҵ顣
˵˶٣صĽһҪĵĴҪ˵ע⣬鱾żʱþͶȵãһҪϸˡ
ʣ˵£֣
ȴҡҡͷǵǣֻǴһҰˡ
ó裬ŲλεĶء
ūס


164 
ʱʱ֣ڵڴǼԡ
ԶǵĻܣڻޣֻţ泩
ʱƽӵߵ¸ǰ֮ſǬ幬Ǳ߸ո˿ͣѲ⣬̫ӡ󰢸硢İһǰȥɵĻֻ١һȥ
˻»Щûת
ļλһѲ⣬⡣
ϾӰ䶼ˣųһ壬ʶ
оϻ˵ú𣬶鲻·Բԡ
ֻС١ͬУе벻ˡ
˭֪С١ϣں󹬾һĴڡ
ôͻȻһѲء
һûеĺôǾ벻׵飬Ҳʾ֭ȥ롣
ûϵ㲻С١ϣҲȥ
ԣ֪֮±ƽʾ֪ˣȻæԼȥˡ

Ϣܿ촫󹬣ܶɿû±ֵ㵭Ȼ
رһЩԴ±ڴɣе㲻ǲǹ˴˻
޴ϲͻȻе˵֮Ǻһû
Ȼ֮󣬾ֻʣ»ϲˡ
˵ʵû뵽ֺ¾Ȼ䵽Լϡ
ǰյʱ뿵һӴ⹬Ҳֻ޵ᣬһȥ⡣
Ҳûڴ
Ͼǰ̫Ӻʹ󰢸ţлʹ̫İ硢尢磬ϥµ磬ڹþ͸һ
أŽ̫Ӻʹ󰢸类˫˫ָ飬Ҳ֪泤ۿžҪָˣܼԼˡ
ſһȥͷ
ֻû뵽ͬ˲˵ȻҪһǰȥ
ֱ֮ϲԣ콵֮ϲŶԣ
ԣϲߵĴŮҶϽȰ˵Ǻ£ϲ£ôܵء
˵ŻҲûĴ磬Ҳûˡ
һ仰ɹĻŭҶ˵öԣﻹģҪȻȥ⣬ҲŴˡ
Ϊ˵ʱ򣬹˽˵ƽá
Ҳûؾܾ˵С
룬ƽǰʲô£ԼҪſȥ⣬ûƽ˵֣ż
ҶȴæȰӻǼɣǰı湦ǰˡ˵ôҲ̫ӵĸȥ⣬̫Ҳүһȥأʱ̧ͷͷġ
룬Ҳԡ
ͬסһƽΪ̫ӵĸǰʱûٸƽҪǲĻƽСǼǰĹȷʵˡ
ʱµƽˣȴмֽ
ôҲû뵽ȥ⣬ȻûԼ棬ȴȥ
ֱһֲ
ǰգ˸̫͹ˣſһȥ⡣
ôȴûλء
룺ǲˡ

Ǭ
ڣʹͬС١˵Ż
˵ʵοּС١ϸһȥ飬ҲЩʹ֮⡣
ܿеĹϡ
С١ûлʹֻΪǰտʱ򣬳ΪԼڿǰ˵˺ûĹϵ
ԣһӵϢ֮С١Ͼ˸߲ҵʹϲˡ
ʹС١Ϸĵĸģ룬֪ʲô
޷ǾγѲֻλɣأɫ˥϶ôޡ
һڳѲʱ䣬ͿԶˡ
ֻ뷨ãʵܹǸУʹŶԴһڴС١ϣ̲סû롣
ԼãԼһԵ֮Żڴ
ĻŲԺĺʧ
ԣֱӶС١ϵ֪үֻѲ⣬Ϊʲô
С١ҡҡͷ֪
˵ʵֻŸˣû
֮ǰʱΪǳΪڿǰ˵ĺûأڿı飬ôһ¶
ʹ¶һȻ˵ı顣
֪ԼֻŸˣ϶ġ
үѲϴζİ磬ײ̫Ӻʹ󰢸곤ںܶϣܺܺõչԼԲλᡣ
˻С١һ˲㡣
Ȼعſڣ˼үҺһȥ⣬Ϊ˷չ׵İ𡣡
Լ˼ʹ΢΢˵ͷ
Ž͵Ҳ֪һֱãİȥ⣬ҿ϶ǲܸһȥģүܵһȥһҲͷˡ
˵˴ʹ΢΢˶٣ֵԣθȥ⣬ҪҺúչ˺İ磬Ҫ˿ӣҪİ·ϳʲôءү޵ĻҲֻܺúźűá
ʹһϯС١ԴϢһֱ˷ܡǿģȴ
ҲףΪʲôԼһֱó裬γѲȴԭ
С١ȻرȴǸľ֮ˣҲͺܿȻˡ
ϾûóҲ˵ʲôʧС

Ǭ幬¹֮ȻкܶɲģҲû취ֻա
ƽˣȥλҲֻǱ䣬ֱӴˡ
ԻصԼס֮ﻹмֲĵƽˣֽԼǰź̫࣬һع칬ԼĻ̫ӡ
ʵ̫Ҳء
ҪѲּһ£ƽ˾͸˿ţŻᣬڿǰᡣ
ȻûеӦȴҲûֱӿھܾ
̫ӻΪ»ͬȥһʮþء
ϾȥҲˣ˵ƽȥ֮󣬿ȻûͷӦµּ⣬һƽˡ
ô꣬ȴûƽأ
̫ӶԴҲǰ˼⡣
ƽ˵Ĺ̫ƽ˵ĿŴ̫֮ӱԹ̫ȥĸٰ˵һΣҪ黹ûɣǴ¾ʹհɡ
һٶĵǶõġ
˵ʵ̫˰ƽˣҲΪ֪ںƽ˵óĻֻкôȴûл
ƫƫе㲻ôϲƽˡ
رԪȥ֮ûнСϸλҲͰˣֻһССĹ֮λ
ҪΪ̫ڣڵĹСť»һȣƽ˲ҪΪ󹬵Цˡ
ƽں󹬵Ĵ϶Ҳù
Ȼɣ̫Ҳ֪ƽ˾һǽ࣬Ҳû취˭ɶ˳ۣŽ̫֮λء
˵˵ȥôƽ˸һϵƣһپһ
ƽˣܰ˭ء
ƽߵĹ̫ȥ̫鷿ڣ˼˺һ¸θ֮ϴ£̫࣬Ǭ幬ҿȥˡ


165 
Ǭ幬ڣ̫طi˵֮ȴ΢ɲһüͷ
û뵽¹ּ̫֮ӻٴιƽ˵顣
ϸ΢Ķվ̫ûƼһֱڲࡢ۲΢Źȴǽһ㿴
Źʱףүﲻˡ
ûӦ̫ӣǶϵľҤ룬Ȼƿǣһڲˮſ̫ӣ飬Լ˼ƽ˵˼
˻̫ȴ΢΢һ㶣֪仰ʲô˼
ϾԼ˼ƽ˵˼һ
ֲÿƽ˲ʲôֱӿڽԼϡ
˵أͬǻ࣬޷Ǿƽ˸һȥĻչһԼ
ϾжĿõ飬˵ǵĻҲ׾ٴ򶯿ġ
˵ʵ̫ӵ˵Щġ
Ѿµֻ࣬û뵽̫ӻͦƽģȻҲĽԼϡ
ֻһмֲˡ
ټϿƽ˵һЩɣЩϲȻʺںҲͰˣȻ̫裬Щá
һ֮Уôһ¡
أ̫Ӻͺҵ棬ֳܱ
ͱڣԴºǲΪ̫ӵ棬ֲܽñֳ
ˣҪҸʵɣ˵̫ӡ
Ҫģжģ
˭ĵ⣬ԼﳤĶأģҲš
ԣڳĬƬ֮󣬿ſڵطiǰʱҲչ˲ԼǴƽһȥġڣ㿴ҲСˣȥ󰢸ȥʱ򣬻Ҳûȥ޿ͰԼչ˵ͦãҪֳѧһѧϾҲֻСꡣ
˻һ̫Ͳˡ
⼸꣬Ŵ󰢸泤󣬻ԽԽ㣬̫ʱеǡ
ټһԴ󰢸֧֣ͼΪ׵̫ӵĴѹսǰֻϵĿ⣬Ҳʼתϣ̫ӸܵΧһεѹΧ£
ͱǰſһѲĴ࣬ȴǣһ󰢸粻㣬ִİ磬̫Ӳ
ԣһ˵󰢸磬ʱ𼸷ֲޡ
뵽ͼĻ˵ڵĺѾǰĺˣѾ󣬲ǰ̬ȣ˵ֻѹֲ
˵ǣǶˡ
̫֮ԼģǺܸ˵ģһЩճ£ûʰãع칬ûʲôȱĶҪеĻֱӸڣȵȡ

Ǭ幬صع칬̫֮Ӿ˸Ůȥƽ˴
һ仰¾ʹգҪˡ
ΪˣܻƽˣˤһϺõķ۲ʴ
ߵĴŮȰӱˣ鹬˵ǵó裬үβҲûȥ𣬶Բԣ
ƽ˺ǲһԼȥģأȥȥɣܷһ𡣡
˵ãһ˵ԽԽ
ȴ˵ԼȥﵽΪʲôҲֻԼ֪˭֪ǲȥүûͬءΪԼ棬Źһ˵ǷųҲǲܵ飬˵ǲǣӣ
˻һƽ˵ɫ΢΢ÿһЩ
ΪԼҲ˵Ҳԣ˭֪˵Ĳ滰أ˵ΪԼϺÿűǷʲô۳ͶٵĹţû뵽ôˣȻˡ
˵꣬¶һĵ

ǰһȥ鹬ҹ
Դˣɰ¼ˡ
ſ˺Щʾ֭˵˲ɰѿˡ
峿îʱŹڳ
ʱԺԬڣӰ֮ʱһ̧
檲μϣ򸣽𰲣ԬѸߵǰȻſķӯӯһף
ԣ΢΢һ٣ȻͣסŲ
ֻӸµĿһԬڣһʱ벻˭
Ҳǣ̫࣬οԬѾδޣŹء
ߵŹѿүס鹬Ԭڡ
˵ŹΪλļǵԬء
ΪмοҪ˶˳վºŵʱ򣬿ζƵƵʱ;Щأƽ֪Ԭڡ
ֻû뵽ǣԬڲأӸǴûߣȻڴؿ
ǶԼòжţ
ԬڣŹĻ֮󣬿һظһ䣬һ߹˼֮״
Żͦģ˹߹
ԬԼţʱͷһϲżּػϣ檣
˵ʵ֮ǰԬڻͦͳģأ־ûʵѵá
ϾӣѾãҲãʱĶͼ˵ʲôڶΡ
أҲŸҹڴ˴ġ
ֻΨһû뵽ľǣ֮󣬿û
һͲÿһۿһϣĻľױݣѡ·ʽΡ
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ú÷϶ᱻ޵ġ
ŹͷŶڵϣһߴӵԬڣ֪˵ʲôˡ
˵λźҵƤ㶯ġ
˵ǰλڼ˻ò

˯Ժ֮ʣȴѩˡ
Ե˫ۣѩղŵĻظһ
˷ʲô֮˸飬˲١
˻Ժ𣿡ʡ
ѩ˵ͷū澽ʱԬڲŸո»ϣڸأ϶š
˵Żӽʼһ߰·һߴߴٵɵÿŵ㣬ɲԬڻ˺á
Ҫ˵Ԭе㲻ҪأȻרԺȻϴ
ֱ̫Ļˡ
Ҳ̫żȿ˵
˵Ż´Ьߵ£ȻֽشһЩ͸Ժ￴ȥ
ʱԬ˭
Ҫ˵ôԬеأԭܶʱߵǸˡ
˵ʵȥ֮ǵü۹˾ϾССڹҴ¸ǰֱ¡
ֻû뵽Ԭڵô󣬾Ȼרŵ½
жҴڸѽ
ţҪǣԬƽ϶Ҳûٸܶ£ҪȻܶҲÿһ˵Ԭھҧгݡ
һ룬ԬڵĲдϡ
ֻؿڣԬӹ棬ӵ٣ΪӦһ¡
˵գԬںԩĻᣬǵ鹬ȥ
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166 
±ɨһۣŵ˻ȻµԼСظ
أǴһԬ˺ѷεؽš֪ˡĻ
ֻǲν£ѾԶ
ѩһĿɿڴؿԼӣһ֪˺µģ
ܲⶼûȥأôĻأ
ҪǣԬĿ϶ûʲôãҿģʥŭ
һ룬ѩԼӵУԴżѯ
ˣȴһ̯ʵҲһͷˮ֪׷ʲô顣
ȥʱֻԬ˵һ仰
˵ʲôûô
ټϿһţļʣһɶˡ
ԬڵķӦ˵ÿ϶ʲôû
ѩū澳ȥ
˵գתҡ
أȴתص£ֿһЩԺС
ʱԬڿ޵滨꣬òģߵŮһһ𣬻һߵȰ˵ʲô
˵ʵһĻﻹǸоͦޣͦ˵ġ
˭Ԭƽûٸ£ûٿء
ڿù˲Źء

ڣλҲûͱԺֳĶˡ
ʷ˺¡
ūҲ֪˺£ѾȥˣԬڡ
üͷԬһε΢΢żֲ
˵䣬ȥת
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ū澸ղȥԬߵĴŮƣ˵ԬױԺү˵үǰ¶
δ䣬˻İȴѾŭɼֱŭǸַҲóóˡ
˵䣬ֵأ
룬ɶ֪ԬڲʲôùӳԣҪ֪ĺ
֪ôʥŭү˵Ԭӹ棬ӵ٣ֱӱΪӦӽһ¡
˻һȴסˡ
ܲµԬڵǵÿϲû뵽Ԭڿôһñӡ
ӵ٣Ǵѽ
˵ʵҪԬڣֱӽΪӦǴӦˡ
ֻԬڵȻףڰɿȴЩˡ
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˵˴΢΢˶٣ҲˣӾͲֱӰȥɡ
ڰֻõӺõӣڼȻԬӦѾûõļֵȻչԬӦ
ҪǣԬӦʥŭĻպҲˣȻҲסλõĶ
ǣūھȥһˡӦ

ڣԭԬӦɵĻ֮˿Ӳˡ
˵кҩԵĻԬӦڿ϶رһš
Ҳû뵽ԼֻŻᣬڿǰ¶һ¶ôͱء
һӵٵ˵ֱӱΪ˴Ӧһ¡
ھȻλɣҲʼ侮ʯȥӦסһ
ҿɵ˼˿ûתأҪȻҲһ춼Ըȣˡ
˼Ǵֱӷ
ԣԬӦʱңо춼ˡ
ԬӦߵŮƺʹǾĪ֪롣
ԴԬӦʧ裬ӵ˵ó֮鹬Ӿ͹Խѡ
ԬӦŭ˻ϣֱӱΪӦھȻλﶼٴԬӦ治֪Լպڹе·μȥ
һʱ֮䣬ǷԬӦµ˼ȻҲʼ˼ֶҡ

ڣѾѩ֪ԬΪżգֱӱΪӦ֮¡
˵ʵڶЩţͷǰ
ϾԬڿһֱͬСǿеһƴء
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Ȼˣ⻰ѩֱʵʵ˵ֻ˳µĻ˵ǣպҪĿˣڶλѾǴӦˡ
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ѩ̧ͷһ۽ͭ©ʱ磬£ʱ磬ǽȥһھϴ
ΪҪȥͼݣλɽ鹬ɵ밲ֻţȥϱá
˵ʱء
ȥˣھϴɡ»ص
飬ңоԼ϶Ҳ˯š
ԣѩУūͷԸ֮ȥˮ

ϴһ֮±ȥ鷿һᣬϿ顣
ôʱѧϰѾʶ󲿷ֵˣһЩȽϼ򵥵鼮Ѳڻ¡
ΨһϰߵĻͶϾ⣬Щʮֻǰ鱾
һϵ飬ù֮ѩǵķ£ֿʼױ¡
һʰ׵Ͷǰ
ʱڣɣϸ˵ŽԬڵ顣
˵ʵԬͻȻԿӵٵΪӦɰѳӦŵˡ
ϾԬżȻмֲףҲ˿ӵٰɡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ԣ˱̲סĿʼ˼룺Ԭڣ᲻ỹΪǰЩӣ˰æǼ顣
ҪɱӺﰡ
˭Ǽ˭ǺǸһĿȻ
ԣԴ鷢֮󣬼˾һֱأǲѡ
ⲻһ˸óʮֵ飬ʼǰˢø
ϣ¿ˡġķϣԼ̡
˵ʵ¶Щ˵磬ȴͷˮ
λɴӲҲĿһ֮¶ʱиܲõĲ²⣺Щ˲ΪԬڱΪӦйϵɣ
һ룬¶ʱԼԩ
Ȼڲ֪£濵һκڹ
أû˵ʲô֪οڽ͡
ѵҪԴ˵ǶҪᣬԬڱΪӦĸһϵûС
˵ʵҪ˵ǲɵأ


167 
ԬӦ飬ûõֱʣ·ϣɵĽǰߣŹ˱սµ
û뵽Ź˾ȻҲģСصοԩˣıѽĸһϵûУ˵ʵҵҲͿء
ܲͿ𣬵ڻ濵źڹء
˵ĻŹ˿ܲţ˵Ļŵġ
Ȼ˵ûϵǿ϶һϵûС
ġŹСȻ̧ͷǰ氲ɵļ΢΢̧̧°ָͣû֮ǰ̸ԬӦҪȥӦһסء
¶죬ҲŹ˸ղŶ˼λԬӦǨ
¶𣿡Сʵ
ԬӦǰڰɸǰͦģէһϢе㲻̫š
Ѿˣ˵ԬӦߵĴ绹Թȥ˺ԺóӦأˣ֮ǰסںԺʱǼӡ
˵ʵŹҲû뵽ɵĶ֮죬ǰŽԬڱΪӦž˰
ҽӦԹԬӦҪȥ˼
£
ӲŵĶҲ̫һɣֱһ㶼ԬӦӦʱ

ɴż˺ܿ쵽Ǭ幬㳡ǰʱѾ˲ɡ
ֵƬ̣ɿʼ½½룬Ȼǻʹ١Ϻ͹Сť»ϡ
ΪС١Ϻİ綼ſһȥ⣬ʹԵøˣɫƽվ˲١
ȵλλɾλҲ橴Ǭ幬
һʹ͹ˣعú󹬹񣬽ͬ򵥵ĸ˵仰
ʱͻȻ֣Ŀ⾹ȻתԼվλá
վǰİҲɫæ˲һλó
˳ˮۣǰȥ
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˵꣬Ҳ֪⻹⣬бƳԵİһۡ
ɸͷһ֪ǻŷΪ˵顣
ûôأ
æڣүܷģг檺úշţ϶ίġ
Ҳ֤֮ᾡȫˡ
أҲϽڱ֤Ϸģ檿϶Լίġ
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ԣ΢΢˵ͷǾͺá
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ң˵Ȼżֲٴɫȴǹĺά
Ҫǣôɣô˵˵仰費֪Ҳôǡ
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ڿȻֱûӡ
˵ʲôҪԼǱĻⲻָȥ˵
ԣͷһȣҲûĿڲԵүˣ˭֪ͷ裬ǿûǸӣҸίܡ
˻һɵĿ⣬һӾתϡ
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һԼ˵˻ﲻ˵ʾû뵽һʧ裬Ǳˡ
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κ͸ֻԼ
ȴһЦлĻͲˣֻҪòҪҶ໰ͺá
ưͳԻп˵˵ĳ졣
ֱȵ͹ҫĿһѣҪ泩
ˣһĽ飬Ļ
ǰоʲôղ֪ΪʲôȻøղһĻ쳣ıŤͷ̡
رǵ⣬ίȫԺһʶ

ͼݽصԼס͹֮һ߱ż´ʮŪţһõĶĵ뵱óǻĸ˭û뵽Ҳн죬Ǵġ
ںڼˬ˵ֱĿ죬ǰóʱ򣬵û
ڼǣȻˡ
أ˵ͬʱſԽƫҲԽӵļɵǡ
ãҲŸ˵˵ǣūҲûͷأҲͷһμ
пѽ߹ֳޣʱУ˻ʺť»Ϻͻʹ١ϣɶδλݣλϴءֻã϶λֵĺʱ˵һ͵ү̵ֱһλɲǴûʲôͷ
Щ鶼ջδʱģǴûǹ
յūĿЩԼʧء
ԣһȻǵȻϥ»磬òôܸء˵͵Ҳֻѡݷʧ֮¸ˡ
Ӧ˵˸ߵ𣬺ɶһѡݷֻһʧ裬УŻѡ
ԼڲҲѡܿ˵ķâ
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168 
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ⲻһصԼסˤһصĴ
ǰóʱʱܹ
ֱڿ죬˵˲˵Ļ಻ǻ˵һˬĻ
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ˤһͨа۵ϣߵĴŮĺռƢ̵̣̣ʲôʱǸͷҲ˰ɣүⷢĻǸСˡ
һǸһǿԽˣⶼԽԽ尾ܡ
տһû㿪ڵĲģǰһȰūĿ࣬Ҳˣүϡ˵ʱ򣬾ٶɧͲҲӦõ˵ġ
˵ЩףһүԼǿȥѹסĻ𡣡
˵˴źҪںⲽأүѲ⣬һСС鶼
Ŀ
Ϊܸſһȥ⣬ԼӲϧΣǰȥٹ̫ǰТ
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һ˼գŻ鲻
ټϽտ˵ĹĺάȻȥŹء
Űʮһ绹СȥͲȥɣôڹúչžŰʮһ硣
ղʮһ绹ãһʮһ磬ˬˡ
ֻһͷҪΪʮһ磬ڴˣ˿ӣ䵽ⲽذ
ԣʮһ磬ڿžᡣ
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ϾʮһԶͲҲǿġ
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ӿΪ˴󰢸Ļ£Ҳʱʱȥ̫̫Ǳ߾Тū澿˵󰢸ĻڣеüĿˡ
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⻰Ե΢΢عһ
ǰѾˣ̫Ǳȷʵиˡ
ҪȻ龰պֵֻĸࡣ
ûҲĿŵķ
һ룬ϽһҲµһԼ̬

ڷͼʱСµûʲôرĸпֻһϷѡ
Ϸ׿ж಻˳ۣж಻Ѿҵ˵顣
Ͼ˽µӣѾãǰӣǲܵ顣
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һ棺⻹濪ʼᶫˣ
˵գеϺʣȻߵǰ͸ȣķȥ
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ѩͬ˵ͷūҲôá
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ū˵ҪŹסͺˣԺסôˣǰԺסŸһЩ
û뵽ѩǸ뵽һˣЦĵ
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Ȼ֪ѩ⡣
ԬӦֻһӦߵĹȻͶ˳ֲĸĹŮȱġ
Ҫһ㣬ԬӦѾգû˸ıҪҸСǰ;ӡ
ֻǱ˵ﲻȱˣȱˣҲҵĶİ
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ˣڿʶľرʲôǣ
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ԭеĹŮûദ̸ʲô͸飬Ĵûһͬġ
ūף֮ǰʱҲһֱū澵ģū澴ûȥҹѩ͵
Ӧ˵ū澶ءԬӦȥԺǼԬӦź򣬻ǵ𴦣պʱʱū϶ǲˡ
µ˵ͷͺá


169 
磬й鹬ԬڱΪӦһµ飬ܿʹ󹬡
һӾסˡ
ǾȻ֪ǰһ˼顣
һӵ٣ô
Ҳ˾ԬӦ³ǻãѧʲôãȻѧ˸ż
Ҫǣ˵ǽǣԼ̲ˣǽҪô˵ĻŻˣֵõԬӦԳ
ںˣֱӰʯͷԼĽ˰ɡ
ȻҲû˽뵽ϣ룬־òܡ
Ҳ˵ˣʱ˸û˵ʱֳҲ̸ڿԱƲ
飬һԬӦԼ⣬ǰܡ
ԣ鹬Ϊ֪ԬӦ֮ĶԹһ֮⣬ҲûԬӦλжϵ
ΪԬӦǰ֮ϲ·Щɣɡ
ԼպǲҪһ㣬һʱżɣøԬӦһ³ǿɾеòʧˡ

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رϵ밲ʱҲÿˡ
ʱˣʳ֮ᵽºԺɢһСҲվڶ͵
ѩ֮ǣĴҲǰ
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Ǳڵ˼Ǿ˭ֺˣˣ˭סȥ
һһĥ¿ǰǸܲ
룬ⷨãʲôرֶΣ鹬ɹԹǰߡ
ֱһõĺ°
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ϲϽǣȻӹƽ˳״һĳƣ˵ɾû˼Щ˵ģоû˷ܶľͷ
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ǻû˶ǵֻ㣬Ҳ֪û֪£ͿҪŵ㣬Ҫ©˳ȥ
ӷİɣһū澻֪ġѩЦ
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ԼڿǶûǵĸǳڶΣܸϺȡ
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˵գվ鷿һīھ͸дš
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170 
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ΪӣٹʮҾӦûǣʵûҪһ١
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ҲҴңȥҲҴҡ
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ȻҲ˵Ĺסġ
ǲ²ĻеڿƽϷе۰Ͱ͵ĳ棬ϣʱܿһۡ

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ĵĶǲ̫һ㣬Լһ㣬
ֱ̫ɥĲ̫Ŀŵˡ
أ㲻ֱޱȻĶ֪Ϊʲôȴ泩Ĳѡ
㲻ǱǱĬӰأ
ŶԼľٶмĿɿڴĿ䴽Цеÿڣϱᣬ檱ӸոֻһСѡ
΢ɣ⻰˵ģҲŲѽ
δȻ˵˵ǻ
ĥȼ䣬֪͵˰ҹӵ˯ȥ


171 
գ±һȻĵźϴ¡
ǰԱߵŹ°͡
Ȼ֮ǹȾֱϹĹۡ
˵Сʤ»飬ᵽ仰ˡ
ֻһأүһط꣬׹ػңرԵֳˡ
Źһ뵽һµӣǽһĹ
һأȴȲĵ鹬һһˮͷŹ̲סЦ
УҲԽףԴ˵̬ȣɵźܴ
ҪĶԵӦþദϡ
Ϊ˵أΪʱܸо˼ֵϣȴһƽ׽˵׽
ദʱǰ㣬Դһƣ̲סη
˵ǲͬġ

ȵ밲ʱҲ֪˴飬ʱͶ۵Ŀ⡣
أԬӦӡ
ⲻ밲һյϢζΣֻԼ֪ˡ
εĽѵԬӦ֪ʲôˡ
Ҫ˵ǰŰɵʶжΪűΪӦΪ֮ж຦µӡ
رüѣߵĹҲѡȥҳ·һʱ䱸ܼ尾
ԣٴγԬӦǴһǫ̬
ֱ鹬ɾȲѡ
¼ԬӦ֮Ҳǳһ
ΪڵԬӦû֮ǰü˳Ӧλϣɫż㲡
ԬӦΣҲûʲôϵڿһ֮¾ûٹעˡ
ԬӦױݾ¡ȵˣȴζӳ¡
˵ʵڵľأǰľأ겻ʱ䣬˾ʹһ޳СӦ˹֮λ˵ܿ谮
Լأȴ෴·˵ǵʥŭˡ
ԬӦĲ֪Լδһʼĺþ棬䵽ⲽصġ
ɣҲѾѡ
뵽һ¹ӣԬӦǾ
ֻǺţҪȥġ

Ǭ
ʹӵ鹬˴֮󣬱ù˽С١ϡ
֮Ҳһֱû㣬ʱүûȥޣ
ԣС١ҡҡͷصûС
һҲûУʹĵһ顣
С١ϻҡҡͷȻһǸεã˽
ʹС١ϰ˰֣㲻㽫İչ˵ĺܺãһûкúллء
С١ϸϽչİӦģֻҪ㲻þͺá
ˣ㡣ʹ˵ˣأȻүûޣޡ
˵ʵһ㣬ʹû뵽
ү޵ĻӦҲǸã䵽ͷϡ
ڿˡ
Ȼˣ׵ó꣬үҲеġ
û뵽С١ȴҡҡͷʵҲһֱδӵ޵Ϣ
˵ʵȻʹڻء
⡭С١ϵĻش𣬻ʹȻȵһʱ˵ʲô
ʵЩԤϡ
Ĭ˺һʹſڵ֪үҹ鹬
˻С١΢΢һ㶣ȻϢҲܳԾ
˵үμ֮󣬾ȥС١Ͽ˵
ǰʹдżָ̾
⣬ûС١ޣȴһع֮󣬾Ȳȥ
˵ʲô
˵ڿһλġ
Ӧ˵һλͬ˵ѾΪͷˡ
ҪȻҲ
ʹС١СϢ֮һˣ㿪ȰС١ϵҲҪ̫뷨үһȥ⣬ΪչİȥġܵүϲԼı£պ˵棬ɲҪɫڳ֪𣿡
С١Ͽڵ˼ס
ʹ˼
Ϊﲻƽ⣬ˣʲôǵȻøڵһ³ˡ
㻹СˣȻôãҲѾԼλãȻͷһȣʲôǵ
ˡ

ļգȥΣһǹţһǹޣ֮ȥ˵͹
ʱĵָ࣬ѾޣȻӦӦ
Ҳ֪Ŀǰ״һʱĿ϶УõӦʱ򣬱ڿ͹ʱӦ˼䣬Ӧ̵һ޵Ļᡣ
һӦԵĸм֮ĸ
أûš
ֲԷѾȫɹɣƵĻ䷽Ҳڶ
ǰʱȻԹ䷽ûϸо
ȥԵǼλҲֻĿζһЩ
Ҫ׬ǮĻǲеģ϶Ҫúоһ䷽ſԡ
ڣټܹŷ˺ܶΣڽȣ
֮أ찲ǣߴ£ϵһҾ¥ͷɷֺķʽ̩͵ľ¥ǩһЭ顣
Э涨ṩͷӣ̩;¥˹ء
أҲǱ߳ӯ֣ĳɣ̩;¥Ķɡ
ʵտʼʱţԼʲôܣʲôģɾѾռ˴ˡ
û뵽Ǳȴ룬ΪóĹˣͷͦͦõġ
ٸߵ˴򽻵˼һ˵ͷȻֱ档
ɱȶɵķֺ죬Ҫʵݶˡ
ԣ찲һ֪ͣ˼Ҳǿǰǿǰ
˵ǿ˵üֵ
»ض찲һؿס̩;¥
ͷԣϾҲ̩;¥ĹɶˣȴܽͷʲôΥҼͺ͹ߵ
ҪȻⲻҲա
찲Ͻ֤϶ܹģΪ֪ԼӣǺøԶ֮ˣŻĸģôܰԼĲء
Ҳ֪찲أӦòܲ׵˸΢΢һЩ
ֹЩӣ룬һֱԷֲǳԶ֮ƣó˰찲ھׯӣպֲ
ȻɣܳԼأҲֻڶڹңָӣһ뵽ԼĲҵ̲ס˷ܡ
ҪǣıȽϳԶպʧˣû˸̩;¥ƾׯÿĲСӦùҲ
һ룬¶ʱãһӻòܵİ˰ҲͲôˡ


172 
ֹһ£ʼת
֮ǰʱֻһЩôǻů͵ģŶ٣ϽǶ
أȵʣⲻһѾ紩˱ůС
رϵ밲綼ˡ
һδ֮󣬵һЩϵëƤӺͳУ¡
Ҳû뵽ھȻ˵ůģʲôû˵أλˡ
ˣӺͻɫϲġ
Դˣ±룬Ҫû֮ǵĻ㹬ѹһ㣬ʵҲģڳԴϣûί
ϧͻڣ˲Ϣ䣬һСģһвͻ̽䣬꼰ԼСǾͲˡ
һգѩ֮ǣڴµһߡ
ʱƽ찲˵
찲֮ſ֮ǰūׯӵ飬üĿūҲԳһ˾һׯӵغλãø涼ֱ
ׯӵĵׯ֮ʣƱӹĿ
˵Ż찲㽫ͳʣƱ
ֽӹ
ȴ򿪿ȻǵȿĹ֣ǺĴӡһٶĶ֮˵ļ˷ܡ
Ȼһֳɾ͸к̤ʵУֱȿʹ͸ٶκӣҪøˡ
ȿ²ûټʣƱ찲죬йׯӵһЩ£ׯ֮ǰֲĺũεȵȡ
ҪģׯպιһЩ顣
Ͼ󹬣޷ֻ֣ȫȨ찲졣
ǽ齻찲죬ֲˣׯպֲҪİ
Щ飬ȻҪ΢˽һ£һĨڣūźƭˡ
찲أҲ֪Լϵĵӣ֪ӵƢԣ㽫֮ǰѾĥõ³̣һһ㱨һ顣
󣬳ĬƬ̣΢һ֮󣬱㽫찲֮ǰׯʣµƱ
Ȼһߵݸߵѩʾ»찲죬һ߿ڵׯȻˣ󹬣ȻǳȥԿܣֻ鷳¼ۡæտˣׯʣµһԼţȨȵѣʣµһأׯǱһЩũߺ͸ţ
ϵĶԼҲܲ³ʣж١
˻찲ȴæƴǣʾūӦġ
Ͼׯӵʣ¶û򿪿ȴ֪˵ֻһ룬Ҳ̫ˡ
ҴͷβҲֻǰæȣô̫ˡ
ȴ룬Ȼ찲Ͷ˵˼񸮹£Ͳܡ
˼ڰæææȻʹţҪʱʱĸͷжоͷ£Բԡ
ԣ찲컹ƴǣ±ֱӿڵ£ͲҪƴˣȻ֮²ôҲ֪浽ߣ϶ҪǮͨ㣬ЩǮҲܷһЩ
Ҫֻӣ찲Ҳ֪ԼƴǵĻԵЩ֪ôƱ
أҲǰԼһֱպҪİС

ƽ찲ߺҲٶˣϵĵһ߿ţһЦúϲ£졣
˵ѩֱ֣תȦȦ
˺һᣬƽһ㡣
ֻƽ֮룺ϲ²ֻԼһ˸ѽôҲҪҸһ
ˣһӾ뵽˿
ԣ±Ը֮ңȥһƽȻƽһǬ幬뿵š
ʲôţ룬ŪǸر𲻴
Ҫǣһζûùء
뷨˵ָϽдŵӣȥŷ֪ͨ׼ʳġ

˵ߣԽӵȥŵϢ֮ͷˮ
е벻ףǾȥôջרˡ
˵ܶˣڣȥ
벻׹벻ףȥĻȥ
ʱ֮󣬿ڶ鹬
أȿһһ߷ԸƽС˳ȥŷͭʳģһͬڿС۷һ㣬ǰź֡
ʱÿм֮ܳС
Ķһһ¸ǲ÷̵Ĺ˶֣ԽкõƬµͭ
⻹㣬̫Ĳ£һˡ
²ľͷüЦģʼ²⣬ǲǷʲô֪ϲ¡
Ϊ˽ҲֻкµʱŻ˵ĸˣ˵˷ܡ
Ҳرõʱ򣬶ֹȡ
ԣһּ߳еƬһ̧ü۴ЦʵǲǷʲô޲֪飬ܶ˰
˵ţźۼһۡ
һۣûжͲ
ֻͣĶչһЦβµģ
ԣ΢΢һЦ
ĺΪֻҪһСèβͣ޾֪˼
˵ڵȴǣ޼ܶˣŻ˲²⣬ڿ˵ˡ
½ѽ檻ŵ֮ٸһСϲģû뵽ȴûȲµˡ
дһССľɥ
ȴЦŵҲµɣֻǲµ鷢ֲ֪׷˺£ȹܶǿԸСϲġ
һ룬Ŷɫֱø
״ʱ֡Ҽܶرú塯ĸд
ˣһ˵Сһ߳ڵĹӡ
֮ǰʱ򣬿ֻ˵ĹκóԣȴԹ
һζȻ˺óԡ
Ӧ˵óԣ⺮ĶôһڣȻر񫣬һ͸һȺˡ
ԣرעһ㲻ԼԳŵĿ֪䣬һεĳԳˡ
ţԼĶӣа룺ȥְᷢɡ
ر뵽һͦŴӵĴ󳼣ʱ̲ס˸¡
¼һŶӣһָŷ۲ʸǣһֱĬ·Ѿµʲôһ㣬ֱӿڰοϲ£˶ӣҲһϲϵġ
˻һ˵վԱ߷̵ŹѩˣǿԼҲǱ˸ֲ
ϽԼִӶӴÿȻϵĲյһڡ
װģؿڵܶˣ޾ǾýԶһЩѣ˵־ˣôֶأһ㣬ܶˡ
ŶһĻȻˣոռŶӲ˵Ϊڵĳ˶ء
²ظãôһظԭŹĶӲֱЦˡ
أƴס
˵ɵѽֻҲүǰֱ˵
ǲа
Ȼˣһһ۵ĽͣŹ̲סЦԭ
ˣǼֱˣ

ùʳȹĲˮ֮ΪЩ䣬ûиһɢȥ鷿
鷿µĲиŬпʱʱѾռٵᣬܾлвϺѼĹ±
ճϲҲϲʷ飬Ӧ˵ϲʷеһС¡
ǰ飬ֻ׻ĵ˵ȷʵмֳ
Ĳ࣬Ϳʱ࣬ûµʱ򣬱оˣȻٶһ㣬˼˱á
ڵĻǾٰ󣬵һۿľ鰸δɵһ
ĿޣЦӯӯǣҲ檵ʦ˭
˵Ż㿪ʼīÿڻʡ
ֻССҪ󣬿ǲܾ˵˼
ˣ鷿ĥһʱ䣬ȥҰЪ
ԡϴһ޵֮űװеĽС
һصģ̲ס²⣺ѵ˵СϲͲС
ʱڽѾŵ˳
ֽӹһٶĶĵׯӣһŵʱ˵Ҫ޵Сϲ
ѽ¼ص˵СԴһ˷ܵôǲǺܾϲ檻˲߰ׯӣҲ檵ĵһ˽ǲǿ֮ر˷ܡ
ʱڻȻ
ԭر𼤶˷ܵԵɣһԼׯӣһֻǸٶĶصССׯӡ
˵ģҪֻı飬ǿ֪ģΪׯҪǧء
ԣں븧ǿЦá
˵ʵܾԼŪˣأǳϡ
ͱڣеŪΪʲôΪһС£˵ĸˣ˵Ŀ֡
ǣַ򵥵ĿֺЦݣȴرĳȾĶĸо
̲ס֣СԴиǳ˳磺ôһСׯӣ˸ˣ
̫ܶˡ
ȻԼׯӣׯСˣһٶĶء
ԭһٶĶؾͽвСˡ
ðɣ˭ׯ̫ڼΪһĶСׯӾ˸ˣһʱ᲻飬Ҳпԭġ
ԣΪѵΥ˵һٶĶȷʵСˡ
ЦǰɣҲòСˣ˵ֻ檵ĵһݲҵԺȻеڶݣݣպĲҵ϶ԽԽࡣʱ򣬾һʧˣƾļҵҲܺúԼ
ǰ˵ͦãôôĲζء
ԼܼҵΪ˷պʧõѽ
תһ룬뵽ļϡ
ͨճֻƬ֪ǰӹжѣмģȴûеġ
Ӧ˵ҲȾͲˡ
ΪԼ˴㣬Ҳ֮е飬ոһ˿죬Ҳܿ챻ȡ
أ뵽ӣһõ٩õǳԶʧ鶼Ѿ뵽ˣǲӦÿرء
ԣҲ֪ǰ˵⻰е㲻ףϽסĸ첲ԵȻڻߵģֻ޳ո檵ĻϿǧȥҪȻ檾͸ÿˡ
ʲôӣôʱ֪ܲ
ǰǾɶ˵ɶҪȥĻͱĲˣﻹ
޸޿޾Ͳȥֻ۴ЦĹ˵
µıָţӣС檿޲ô죿
°ͣ޲ѽеѰ졣
ѽֻЦ
һΪˣܲЦ
޲Ϳ޲ɣŸɣе˰ɡ
¿ɲЩüģһüˡ
ˣô죡
⣬ɾһƽֱ˽УԴŹ֡
ʲôʱĶôء
ʲôֲ㣿
˻Сƿֻ¶һ϶۾ǲ檣ᶯ֣ȶΪá
Ц㵹ͦȼ֮
Ҳѻô
΢һü˵޻
ﻵˣô֪
ϲ檻֪˵£Ŀڡ
Ŀڵ֮죬Цˡ
̲ס֣ٵ¶ĶͷϣᵯһԣЦſڣ֪Լͺá
¹űԵĶͷС̱ǣߺߵ檾֪
û뵽ûĶ֡


173 
ŶԽԽ䣬ڶ֮ʣ찲õ˸̩;¥ĵһʷֺӡ
Ӳ̫࣬Ҳ̫٣ܹٶʮٺ»
ʵʵڵӵ֣ҲԼڣûаæһĸо
Ҫǣ⻹ֻµķֺ죬ֻҪȥ϶ԴԴϵĽˡ
ռ˶ϲ̶ȣպֺ϶ֻ಻١
һ룬Ǹɾʮ㡣
뵽찲ոո˵̩;¥Ķĺ͵ĹӦ֮£Ҳ⡣
ǰҪ˵ʲôǮߣǷĴ߲˵һůֲҲǲԵ顣
ֻǽʱϺЩˣ캮ضģҲʺֻܵ꿪ﻯ˶ˡ
ѰҴĤĲϣҲһ͵顣
ԣֻ뷨찲˵˵Ҳи׼
찲ȴǳƬ̣ſڵӵ뷨Ǻõģֻӿ֪ܲů۲Ʋ˵ͨҲǺܺãֲĶСգҵۻɫȱ㣬ĵ캮ضö飬ýġ
Ϊũҳ찲¡еķùЩũ캮ضģҲͲ˹Ӷء
˵Ǯٵ⣬ֻҪܹǳԱ϶һŸɡ
Ϊܸʡ²ʳ˵ü˶ڱֶΪأȱľǰ
𣿡ȴ΢΢һ㶡
ҼŷǱʱʱҶ߲͹Ϊůﲻ̫ѵء
찲ЦŽ͵ʱ߲ˣȪׯǱ֮߳⣬Ҳϻ԰Ǳߵūŷ˺ܴŪĽ
Ҫ㣬ǿԽһСůһԡ
һûɹҲʧ̫Ǯ
˻΢΢˵ͷȥ찲Ľ顣
ǾͰ˵ȽһСůһԣʵڲеĻֻܵ괺죬һЩˡ
ʵ뷨ׯǱֲһЩ߲찲˼жеѣϾʱûнůĤ͸ʹá
ںͲǸˣ̫ߣ϶Ҳʺů
һոշֺӣûȺأֱóһ뽻찲죬ůķá
찲뿪󣬽ȫ̿ѩҲ̲סڵūû뵽ⷬӵ˺
֮ǰʱԼӸ񸣵ҲҸųΣζȷʵֻЩ˲Ͽɣû뵽⾹Ȼˡ
ҲŸ̾ǰҲû뵽أΪҪٹʱܴгڿˣ⻹ֻǸտʼѾжٶˣԺֻࡣ
һһǣ̲סѩ߶һЩģҪѾͺˣܰտŵ㣬벻һĨڡ
˵˲ɣ˲ãײ˽̩;¥ĺ͵ĵϸ
أûһ棬ϢǴ찲ֻƬ˭֪мûè塣
ʵ˵˵ȥ̫ǳֵõ̫١
ѩִһʼ͸ĹˣҲǰţ͡
㣬ȹ꣬ѩҲֻʮ꣬ء
뵽ֲغ˹ǿģأҲ̩;¥Ǳڹľ൱ޱҲǸоһ»ϵ䷽Ҳվǰ˵ļɵģʱ뿪ࡣ
˻ѩȻ֪Լӵĵʲô
⻰ǶΣҲ˲ʵӵͷΪ
󣬳ԿĻԼӵ
ǿȰӷſıǣū²ǰ㲻׵ˣӦòΪԼĲ¡
΢΢˵ͷǶ찲ϿɣҲֻˡ

磬һûס鵱лҳһ˵˿
󣬿ûӦ
˺һԼһֱǵķѾǰ˶ֱˡ
һʱ䣬鸴ӵĶ֪˵ʲôˡ
֮ǰʱЩĲУټƤû˼ҪһЩ
˭֪ת۵Ĺ򣬾˸ɾ֪һ
֪˱ЩֻΪ˻ӣһõŶôһȦӡ
뵽ԺֺķʽֱһԵ˷£мĴ
ϸˮȷʵҪһû㡣
Ƿأһֳޣ꿪ʱҲһЩֱӿڵ
ˣҪȻӶûˡ
Ȼ֪룬ˬӦаӻеǣԷŹ˲ٳء
˻ź˲١
ȻֳɵķѾûˣҪҲ㲻ˣʱϼĶԺҲò˼ҵķˡ
֮󣬿صǬ幬뵽ܶӦʱĺԥ͸ɴ䣬ʲôһԼ⡣
ȥأһӾ뵽ŵľУóԼʱ˷ģУɱÿʹ·ΣҪø˺Ϳġ
ߵŹȥžׯӵĵȥˣׯأҲ̫󣬶ĶС
̫ˣƾǵֺ϶ܲ󻹲ķˡ

ŹȻ֪Ϊʲôǰϲʹκ޳еүͻȻתӣʹׯӸˣҲ֪Ҫԣѡһλüõľׯӵĵɹ̫ȥ鹬

ǰ͵Ĺ̫֮Ķĵӣһ߲ŵɵЦţһ߶ߵѩѩѩһѣǲΣ
Ҳλֺˡ
ѩԼӵɵûǰˣЦŻصӷģū澲Ҳġ
Ҳû뵽λϾȻûͳԴõģֱһׯӡ
ѩղųһۣׯλûͦãһǮҲ򲻵أׯĵط
ξͺáЦ۾гһˡ
ȻָϽﻻһ£֮ǰǸһĶһЩСׯӣһĶأܹ߰ҡ
ׯӣǿλãǿأһҪһЩôҲҪ߰һĶһӶ򲻵һ֡
Ҳ˵һɣǧӸ
һֱΪ˵£ʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
ԣʼ룬ʲô˲õĴ£ÿĵ飬һóôֱء
ȥҲûȻֻ˿֮ǰʱһԼĹ滮дӦһЩֲ
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ԣ¶ʱɴ˫ۣһȵϲɡ
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ϾγŲ֪ҪȥãҪǰ׼˵Ҫ鰲˭ȥ԰ź˭ֵ
ټǵһγţһĨڣҪǿǰ֪һڽ˲׼ץϹŹء
Ȼڿûʽ¿֮ǰ׼ˣҲֻܰĵĽС
Ϊˣ»רŷԸߵĹˣ⴫
ԼܸŻǰȥ԰ѩƽǸ˲ѡ
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Ϊεĸ϶ҪһˣϸӲڵڼ䣬˿ӡ
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ֻǻδжɵԱܿˣһúڶʧѡ
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½ӵϢ֮ҲǾȲѡ
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ū澽ƽĵʱ˵԰й䣬ܺõ˻ϣһ˺һ԰ѩΪԼӽ
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175 
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ӦӵԼҲݳ԰Ա֮ϲѵͬʱǸϽͬλġ
Ϊ˭ԼСӦڶĹӱʥǰȥ԰ǸλĪĹϵ
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˭żӦһΣܻӡ
ǳӦүϲΰţӦԼҲá
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⼸꣬Щ˼סӣȻ˵ͷˣοڻеôġ
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ӱףֻĸɵĳ԰үע⣬ǱȽ׵ġ
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΢΢˵ͷ֥ȥӵҩȥ԰֮ҲͣˣֻյС磬ںվȽŸռһϯ֮ء
ӵҩȻǵ֮ǰԼԵǸط
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ּһС磬ȹԼĵλѡõ֪Ҳֻĸ֥ط͵͵ץҩȻ󰾺ҩԶȥӦ¡
ΪֻٶȴԸ
˵ǣȻҲӦʵʵ˵ֻ˵̫ҽԺ̫ҽӦĵӵķӡ
ӦأҲ֪ҪһС˼֪ڲܺȻҲ˳ۣõԼıˡ
ףıǣǲ˵Ҳ֪Ϊ檺ãÿ֥ҩ檶һβʣĺˡ
˵ţӦͷһԼĶӣҲǴεҲջһС磬Ϊء
ӦϵǺģºЦױĿľͺá

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Ӧһϵīŵױ̨ϣһ߿ڿοİɣڻõҵʱǲֵģÿ֥ҩӦǸö
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ֲɵȻܵ˵ʲôʲôһʱ䣬˼ҲٲµһЩ
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ӦأҲǸҰĵģȻѾȻҲһֱһӦ֮λ
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˵ˣӦԼҲһС籧𣬶򵥵飬˵պλݸˣһԼűˡ
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УԼŮӦҲôȫΡ
ϾߵĹˣ͹֮λǱ߰ŵģȷ

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ң˼źð˼ΪãܹԹԵﵽĿģҪһ˼ûУ֪ôء
˻֥ʱ˵Ǳڵ˼
ԼӦͿӦС˼Żһֱ˳˳Լ̺õ·ߡ
ӦڵǵС˼ԼӦͿˣֻԼ˼˴š
ûʲôɵĵˡ
ϾӦǵСȻ˷Ӳĵġ

¶ʮݴϽǿʼƺƵǰ԰
ڣͬһ汦һ㣬ʱʱƿ͵͵⿴ȥ
ϧΪݳУֵѾ֣ܿһͷĳӣǱݻı̵̫๬Ůࡣ
ԵѩΪģ㿪ڰοӷģū澽ٳǰѾƽͬŹӹﵽ԰Ҳֻжʮܿᵽˡ
·ǲԶɳٶطôҲҪˡ
˵Żƿ⿴ȥڳﲻģֻʲôӰˡ
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γθܣŶأŶܣθȴܵĽ
׼֪Ҫ֮󣬱̫Ϊһγҩ衣
ٳǰѾһţΪֹûʲôرܵĸоʢĺġ
Ҳ֪ݵٶȿ첻ϾһЩ͹Ů̫࣬Ҫ·
δʱ࣬ڵﳩ԰ſڣһ·˲Сʱҡ
ͣȺŷѩ
ʱǳǰɣҲѾߵĹ˲£˹
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ֻǿǰɵĽֻӣǿѹ뷨


176 
ܽ԰ﴩ˺óһ·̣Ϊº͵ǰŵסͬ㿪ʼֿߡ
ʱҲ֪԰ĹΪʲôҪŽЩˡ
Ϊ԰̫ҪûɽӵĻƾС˫ţ֪Ҫߵʲôʱ򣬲ߵԼסء
ڽϣ·ɫʱǰ·һͷС̫࣬ϲ԰ľɫʱĿڵūĹ԰һС£ūŴ԰ʱЩ˵дĻԸϤҪǲĻһа׵֮ūſԴ˵һ䡣
Ĺ֮ǰɶѾܹܴˣǰλ˱ֻһСˣûиոǰĵλݸߣͷ󣬿ڹܳء
ҪǲϽŻᣬλǰãǿ̫ûˡ
˵ʥݵһμٳ԰ֻλ԰֪ڹ϶ܳ
ĹëԼʱһ
ղһ·ϣǿˣ⳩԰أҪûϤ԰˴·߶ˡ
ԣĹ˯˾ͷ֮󣬱ЦӯӯؿӦǾͷŹˣ԰ľɫȷʵűȹȤһЩ
ԣĹϵЦ˼֣˿ⶼūӦġ
˵䣬һ˱㵽ס
Ĺλ˽Լݹȥ֦ҲԼ֪һЩϢ
˱СԺӲ󣬿סȴãģҪһǣסϪ·رֻ߼·ܵˡ
Ҫ˵λܳأΪŵסܿһ
վԺһϸϸԼҪסĵطһĹĽܡ
ر˵⴦Ժ뿵סϪ·̱ȽϽ֮˼֡
Ҳſһͨ
˵ʵĺϲ⴦סǽߡټľϽǣﻨ㡢µСԺӣ
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ĹѾûԼʲôˣ֪Ȥǣ·ԸС˳ȥһ͡
ƽûи԰鹬أӭһ飬ҪС˳Ԫ֧ˡ
С˳ҲԼԼǰֵĻᣬǰƽڵʱ򣬸ûʲô顣
ڿɲһˣƽڹЩҪ飬ȻҪϡ
ʱٲԼҪȵʲôʱѽ
ǱС˳ԪȥĹ˳׽һЩ԰飬´ѩ֮ǣֱӽ
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ķı鱾֮ɢɢһЩСҲû¡
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֪Լ϶ˣŵװһЩŻ㲻ĲƷֱ˻
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˳ˣڻһûסֱЬ࣬£ðµ°ڣˮˡ
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ҪǣŵסڸոǸλòԶĵط
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ɫ΢΢һΪոӰʱҲѾˡ
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˵꣬ͷҲأǵǸȥ
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ٶȻر죬Եֲ˵мִܸС
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Ҳ֪ϪеϪˮģΪڵ죬м⣬紵ġ
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ȻҲе£԰Ĳ࣬ͺ࣬Ҫиʲô⣬˶٣Ǹʲô


177 
ߵūأˮȻҲš
˵䣬ŷ֣طֻԼһˣߵūţȻӰû
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ȻҲе£԰Ĳ࣬ͺ࣬Ҫиʲô⣬˶ڣǸʲô
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˵Żϼӿϰٶȡ
ֻٶ̫죬ֻŵģһûע⣬ǰʱȴһ鲻۵Сʯͷֱѵˡ
һֻˣ⧲վλãצȥ
ˣҲһ
ʧҲûſ˫ۣͼȥס
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ʱƣ˵סˣҲˣȷӦ֮һĽЦ
Ƥ޿κΡ˿û취Ŀʱ򶼲֪μڽѵˡ
Сʱſϵ˶ȴǾ죬СΪԼţ檹ء
üۼڲסЦ⣬ôмǷ⡣
⻰˵ԼԼš˿ӡ
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ֻ˶Ĳ񻰣ʹȥȡõࡣ
ܶƣϢżң֪úַʽ޶ް취
ҪǣŭҲְֺޣĵģһ㶼١
ˣ£ֿٵĽеͶһ
Цü䣬⣬ϲ檺ް취ΪԸ檡
͵̾˿ǰԸ⣬һĸԸ֮¡
ΪǳĻϲݡ
֪ü䣬Цÿҧ˵
СԼ飬檿ʲôûϿɲƽԩ檡
˵䣬΢΢һƿһѹƣһֻ֣֧ϰȻ̧һָֻ֣ġüۣ˹һһ¡
˸ɴĲϣֻ봵ӵۡ
Ķпʱȴָ
˵ڵĻȴǣǣʲôûƽԩ㣬˵Լ𡣡
Ȼѽ
Ϧ£΢棬ݵ㣬һһͬС£˵ŴεСԵøܰ
ۼˣ
ϣһС·òã۾Ŀſˣ
ԾԾԵС񣬼ֱˡ
ֻ뾲һ
ֻǿε񣬿м
Ҳǵһαˣͱɡ
˵С壬ûʲô
Ү¶ʱ˵ĶҪˣȻһ§סĲ
ˣ˺һƵţһ̲ס˵
½ĺϣصܶҲǻı
ش𣬿ʱЦˣǣܶܶ޵ı
ҲϣһֱıȻǡ

ѩС˳ڷԼӲ֮ҲǼת
СԺһȦûҵ֮󣬱ҲϽˡ
ڱԶŹ˸Ͻ֪Լӳ֮󣬾͵Ϫˣʱ˸
һɲɵıϴ˸š
˾ͱŹݺݵĽһ
Ȼ飬͵͵ܳĲԣūŵûܼʱӲڣû߸źǾʧְǴˡ
ȵڴԼӳ֣˲ϲ
أȴһŲģϾʧְˡ
ϴǻãҪֱӲӸǰźˣǲġ
¿Ÿոջʲô˵ĿڿŹվѩ֮ǲð
µͷмֲ˼ӡ
£͵͵ܳǺ߼˸żܷöԲסǡ
ֻС֣קק°ڡ
湬СΪ
һȥŹʮӣ²ΪĿڡ
ǣū澣ūţ췣лϿǵ룬ֻʮӣ˺л
ΪԼԭ˱ʮӣʱܵҪЩⲻȥ
Сֹʮӣǲ̫ˡ
ԭΪ㴦෣ǼµʱٲһЩǮǱǡ
ȴû뵽ξȻֱӶ˻
ӣūʧְֻһʮӣǻϸĿӲҪΪ飬ūԸ췣˵С˳
ñԼף֮£Ի϶ӵĿأֻʮӣǸ⿪
С˳ãֻҪԼߣĶ˵˵ֻʮӣǴʮӣһ㶼ԩ
ţѩҲ˵䣬ҲǸС˳ͬ˼Ϸ
Щȴеܲˡ
ֻһһ˵ǲע⣬͵͵ܳģԣǹġ
ңҲûʲô飬ԶһĵطûȥֻſһСôͳǵĴء
бҪ˴󶯸ɸģÿ˴ʮ
ľãϣеСˣҲûз
»һĲ޺Ͳ⣬Ҳֻ͵̾һ
ūǶ׵飬ܶô벻ء
ѵ֪ڰܽū
˾ŹҲֻ븧
ãʱͦģͱүϲӦ˵ֱںүϣǼֱʦͨͨζһ
ЩϣֱֵһѾ˺ͱڡ
ūʧְҲʹˣסѵˣڸүǵүϲ
Źܲ˵Ի·ˡ
˵ˣֻʮӣֲҪǵ˻
뵱ʮӶڲҲĻ
ҲֻܵΪֹԣȻѾ˵ȥˣһʮӾʮӣ϶ǲջصġ


178 
ڣ洫İԵмƲ֣Ĳ衣
ԱߵĿȴɽһϵĲյ˹һڲˮһ߿ڣôˣ
ͬʱ²ۣūŶѣôûء
ǻϵˣϵȻۡû
ЦҪ޵ˣֻøݡ
¶ʱĺ˵ʵ۵ūſҡ
ŹǺзִģ֪߻ҪЩźҪ˶ˣҲǸ鷳£ܲԼźԼɡ
ԣһʮȥ˵״̬Ȼ
ټŹģߵ͵͵Щҩ
һ䣬Ŵǰȥ
¿ŸոձˣҲǸӣҲֻЩЪŵ㡣
ڴ񣬶ѾĲ࣬ѾûôȥҲǲеҡ
֪ǲµĴܾ˱ֹ̬֮ԽĹˡ
رѩΪǴ΢ĩʱһǲһ㣬ƽദʱ׽оӶ࣬շִϣȴҪһЩ
֮ѩٷʱ̸ֹȴ˼ֹ
һʱп࣬ȴҲ֪Ǻǻ

գе
Ϊ˰ӵ飬ҹڴϣȥû˯ã˼˺ܶ࣬ˡ
ЩûУҪǲվͺúЪЪҲûʲô飿ױ̨ǰ¿վѩ֮ҡ
ѩһͷһ߻ػӷģܹзִģҹ˯һ֮󣬾ûʲôˡ
ոոմǻЩ֮⣬Ĩҩ࣬˯һ֮󣬽Ѿûʲôоˡ
ɼŹմ˵ʱ򣬻˷ˮġ
ԣ΢һЩ
ˣĹˣû𣬱С˳æȥˣҪ𣿡
ѩԼӶ룬Ͻתƻ⣬Ҫٶʮӵ鹢ڻ
µû뵽Ĺ˵Ҫ԰ӵĻֻһ˵ҲʲôȷʵЩȡ
ϸһ룬Ҳ˵Ĺ˼
Ͻ˵԰ȴӶټĵطͽ˶ûͽȥ
һЩĹ˵ֱû˷ܶĿ֮ء
ˣȻԸ׷Ź
ҪǣջһˣȻʱ䲻ãݳȴһϢڳ԰ˡ
ȷǰ㣬ʥݸոռٳ԰԰ﲻ֪ж˫۾أ߿ȥԺӣǱ߾ϢͨյϢ
Ĺһ
ԣһӼᶨҪúøߴùϵͷ
Ĺһ͹أҲû˼ŸС˳ԪʶչϵĻĻᣬϵˡ
ȻҪĻ˸ǰ¶õ˵ʱһ뵽
Ͼһи԰ʲô鶼һĨڣ϶ҪõϤ԰ӵˡ
ڵǱߣĹȴûʲô뷨
λݸߣֵó裬԰еȥǱĹˣһ࣬һ١
ȻҪһԭ򣬾ǵǱߣһֵܿλ߲µС¡
ԴһʼĹǵľȡһ
ϾλݲߣõȻ٣տĵֻǼӿһľĺͲ
ңĹҲ۲ˣ԰ֻ˹
һصĵطɾʹˡ
Ĺ˻ı֣Ҳûһ뷨
ĹҪڳ԰һĨڣҪʱ;ȥӪȥϤ
ĻͲֱѡϤ԰һĹˡ
ȻøԶһЩǿһδ԰պֻҪг裬ǿ϶ͻйĻᡣ
أֲԼߵĹߡ
ԣڳ԰ѡһϤߣĹˣ϶ڱе顣
ȻˣҲ㿿һ˾ͻõģһҪǹ󾫲࣬ȱġ
Ĺ˵ֻһɿĶһж˵׼顣

ϴױϣù֮¼ĹһЩ԰顣
ĹҲ׼רŴһų԰ļ׵ͼ
ŶԳ԰طһµӡ
˵ʵ·ߵһˣһֱֲ嶫ϱûʲôе·˵һתˡ
ںˣĹżƽͼҲô֪Լסĵطˡ
סСԺӣڿס޹ҲϪݲԶλأںĺߡ
ȻҲڳ԰
Ҳѹյʱ¸оһ·ߵͦԶأӳ԰ǰͷߵͷԶŹء
ʱҲڴĹ֪˵ס
Ҳֳ˵ĺô
Ӧסãͼֽλþǰͺм䣬סĵطеԶ
أסλںеһˮԺӣΪԺĵطﵹסͦġ
˵˵ȥ뿵סˡ
˼׵ֻͼĹϤ԰˸ţ»һ·ЬӣѩĹǳСԺ
˿ǳ壬ٲҲ˾ͳˡ

Ϯˣ΢ϰϰһغˮ
ڵ̰֮ϣŲԵĺ棬ڵ飬ǰδе泩
ҪΪ˱Լر볨ɤӣŴôɤӣǲŽһء
סˡ
㣬ֲ˼һ죬㽫԰µĹһ顣
ֻԽ棬Խ뿪ˡ
ƵϽǣϲ˳԰סʮ꣬Ҳѽ
ڵǿ泯󺣣ԣ泯ůѽ
԰ÿһɫĿ
ʲôˣ߾һƬũ߾һܴĲ԰ӣʲôժʲôһˮ顣
ⲻĹŪһ֯ӣԼҲһũȥժء
һȦ֮´֪ԭҲԹ⡣
ѽֱˣ
бǣദ·ĹˣҲһ֮ˡ
㵽˵ʱ벻飬뵽ҲҴţԱһ
һϣ±ȽϿɵġ
ҪĽĹΪڳ԰ĸȴҪٹ۲۲죬˽˽⣬ܾ˲ʵĶˡ
˵ʵ¾ڹˣҲԽԽϲһ˼ˡ
ͱڣյһν԰ѾʼΪպ԰ʼ׼ˡ
˵Ϊպ·ˡ
ĹͶĻϣλΪԼڳ԰һ˫۾ʲôأҲһϹʲô֪
ְأʵƽںǰ㣬ڹСС飬ڵһʱӵϢȻ֪֪ͨ
Ϊʲô뷨أΪĹڳ԰ǸˣһǴӿʮ꽨԰ʼѾµˡ
ɼڳ԰ӦûǺܲģҪȻȥЩƷĹֵϡ
ԣ²Żнµ뷨
ȻµǰᣬΪãǴҷԴ̽Ϣˡ


179 
á
֥վǰһ裬һ߿ڸԼӵԹӣҲ̫ˣ԰УλߣΣôҲҪչ밲ŶԣλɵãˣӰûء
û˵ǣ˼ɣô֪װװӵء
λ˿ɵãԴӽ԰ӣȻ涼û¶һ£װӶԸװһװ
ֱ̫ûˡ
ԣ֥λˣԽˡ
˻Ҳ΢΢üͷ
⼸գһҲû밲֮£Ҳûһ뷨
ֻϲװ£⣬Ҳѡֱ̲˵
ԣһͷҲδ̧ؼʿһװһģ赭д˵Ҳñǻʺ󣬱㲻˴µڰɡ
ó裬үԸûй밲үҲ˵ʲôġ˵Ͳǻʺ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
ں󹬵ʱ򣬻ʹ١λߣλͬ󣬰˵Ӧո밲ģȴΪӲã˸ɵ밲
Ūѧÿճ˸Լλ밲֮⣬Ҳȥλ밲ˡ
ҲΪʲô˾ûи밲Ҳ÷ԭ
һ˵λأǵһε԰Ҳûʲô³̿ѭ
ֻҪû˵ɣҲ㲻λԵֺĸо
ƽ
Ȼ˵赭дﵽǶ˵ľٶӦ˵˶λ̬ȣһ˿˿
ϾλˣȻֻװװӣһСˣƾʲô͸ⲻǸû
˵Ȼǻʺ󣬵ôҲλγĸλУүֻʹһ˳أɼүӻǺܿصġ
˵֥͸˲ѣҪӦһʱүҲܸӵĴӦˡ
ɼԼү˵Ǻзġ
˻Ҳ̣ϴߵĶһЩ
¸¾ٽڣģŻ᲻֣֮Զַơ
үԱĺãǲ˵ġ

һգ¶ûпӰ
ͿɣҲֲ˼񣬼ģҲԼСӡ
ңżûأǰڹʱĲ棬Ҳǳ£СӣҲͦá
Ҫ˵סڳ԰ڣСֱֳ죡
ԣ㿵źüû¶棬Ҳûǵɽˮ
µĹ˵𣬿һޡ
ɼλһҲįûҲдѵߡ
ڹԹʲôǸڵġ
ԸͺúţԸĹԼСӣͦġ

һգ´ũ;鿡
ӣǲǻϺܹܣߵѩָŹ鿲ԶĵطһϲɫСԼӡ
˳ָĵطһɲǿŹ
ȻڿԱ߻һӰ
ӰȻΪǶȱĹϵ֪˭
»ƾһӰϴķɫװ³˿ǵӦ
Ϊǵø԰죬ӦǴһ۵ķɫ֦װ
µͷһԼϵװЬ뵽ԼյĴ磬ſûʱؿڣߣǹȥһ·
˵գҲȥѩ˵ɫٵعսԱһС·
ԸԶһ·ȥҲԸӦѽ
ѩǲˣ
Ĺ𣬸ѩҲòȥ±ƣ𾪡
ϣǲǼɵˣŻ˷ľٶ
ţûӦʱͿԼٶȣͷҲصģսԱС·
ǲߴ·ˣϿɲǸأ
ϧͷҲصˣź
ʱ˿̣Ĺʲô׵ģĴܿϣûǰ˼
һⲻλ˵ˡ
ΪʲôֱӹȥأõĻѽ
ѩԼͷҲص뿪Ҳֻ㬵ĸȥ
ĹˣٶĲģҲԼֱȥ
׷ǰ£ѩ̲סڣӣ϶üûˣղŶõĻѽôֱǰܿء
ѩʵ벻Լԭ򣬶õĻѽԻ϶ӵ۳裬ֻҪȥϿ϶Żġ
½͵Ҳ磬ʲʺϼϣҸղҪûĻӦٯٯأҪȥˣǴ˵ĺ¡
˵ҪǸദʱͻȻ𣿡
ԣŲôûƷأ˼üǻᱻģ
ѩʱ˵ˡ
Ȼ˵ǻѽôͲȥǱܿء
ҪǣԴ˳԰϶ѾüûԼˣ˻᲻סĻҲ̫˷ˣ
ֻǼԼѾҲٿȰ˵ʲô
ĹҲһֹ˵ʲô
ֻǶˣеղ׼λĴ·񣬸֪λôģҲͲ֪ôȰ˵

û¸ոһŵӰ
Ȼǣǿ˵ġ
ֻǵʱµĴ´磬շͬһûӦˡ
ȺӦͷʱһϲΪΧʱ˭֪һתٵعȥһ·
ֱˣ
ɵۣôеĲһأ
֮˲Ӧһϲܹ
ôֱأأ
˵ɵۣǸԱߵŹСĿһĻ֮ҲĿɿڴˡ
ոҪûۻĻһӰ˺ǸѩĹŮɡ
˿ү֮ôֱŤͷء
Ӧѽ
ԴˣŹʼ˻ɣѵո˸ûпүߣҪȻô᲻ء
ڽǶȱŵĹϵӦߵĹŮûע⵽Ա߲ԶһӰ΢Цſ˵Իš
ңɲɵ˵ϣָֻϣ˵ĲǣҲǶʲôԴ˳԰֮󣬿һҲûȥøȻʹȣҲС飬Ҳ̫ˣ檶е㿴ȥˡ
ԣȴ΢ɲüͷ
ǶӦ˵鲻ǶĿŵĸҩмֲþ
οӦҲ˵ˣأһСӦʲôʸ˵˵Ĳԡ
ټ¸ոտ֮󣬾ȻװûֱͷҲصߵˣѾÿ飬û˸ոǰ
ӦӦϣȻҲû˸ղŵġ
ֱֻӵˣ֪ˡ
˵գҲӦӦʱ䣬ͷҲصˡ
ŹȻϽǰ˸ϡ
ﻹ̲ס²ۣλ̫ԼˣȻүǰҩⲻǴҲ
ɣúøүദĻᣬֱԼûˡ
Թ˭أԹԼ£
ʱӦһ£ô£ոǲ˵ʲôˡ
ҪȻô˵߾أ


180 
СԺԶĵط˸š
˵ŹѩЩĿɿڴУĳ˵ĺ죬ֱӽൽԱһƧ֮أܿ˵Ŀ⡣
Ӹ£ȦԼ͹֮䣬һ˫ǰ֮ˣͳִŴԵػڣޣʲô
ʱȴһϵаԵܲ÷ľٶֱˡ
СŮı˶ǽŵʿˮ
ȻͰ͵װɵϡϣ⡢⻰Ǻ˼檺ʱϹô֪
û뵽ղŲˣֱӦ׷˹
ֲǣ˽·ֱרŹ
˵ֲʲôŭԹ飬ƶ׷
ĵĸ˻ǰ£ѵ
ʵ벻׿Ի·
ȴǣ¶һü۴ЦЦ⣬·Ԥϵ˹ԹԾͷ
ֻ촽Ҫ۾𣿡
˻һ¶ʱֽŵһ¿ˮ
Ͱ͵ô󡢴𣬻ϡϿɲҪľŻ檣檵ӿСĺܣġ
С·ЦЦ
Ҫ֪ոµ飬ڶ첻ϵáСôдˡ
Сˣ֮󣬲ǰܵñӻ졣
޿Ӵĺܣ
£Ϲ˵ʲôʵѽ
ۿС̲סСֹ
ԣ챻Цˣ⵹һҵı£ѽ
ЦǰǳϣԼոռ޾͵ܵˡ
죬żСֹܲ𣬸ҲҪǲϣϿҪ檿һ۾ñˡ
ĺÿѽ
ңʲô檼Ͼ͵ѽΪ˸ϴ˵ദĻᣬôܽ͵أӦ˵ʶȤŶԡǴЦǿʽƱ
˽ͣȴֱֱЦˡ
£ҵΪԼѡ
ǲӦãҪлһ°ʶȤͺء˫ЦЦؿڡ
лǲˡ¸ϽҡҡԼСԴ¶һֺõЦݣֻҪʧͺá
Цˣ㵹ͦ˳Ÿ˵Ҫл𡣡
£⻰ô½ѽ
ֻЦؼǻϵݹĸ˺ãҪҲȥ
ʱȴֻ롰ǺǡЦȻֱϡ
ҲĶˣ䳰ȷģܵĸƴڻְֱֺޡ
ƤĹˣ
ʱֿڣҪϴ£
˵ţ΢΢תת¶β˼ԶǾ
ʱȻ
Ҳֻһ£²˼ĿУȻ̧֣βô¡
ȻҲֻԵĴô½Ǻзִġ
أȴɵˡ
ǿЦû뵽λɵãҪľȻ涯ˣֻ˼˼ûҪȻҪˡ
ΪЧ棬ҲΪĳ˽һɥֿžȵӣϣѽ
ԣоڳһڶĿߵ˵أôܽ
΢ǣԵðˡ
һ߹ŸոձСƨɣһ߾˾죬żСʣǻǲǲ檵ˣ
˵ءҲĺˡ
͵һۣС檿ӦˣϾҲˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣҪǻϻû檻治֪ôˡ
һɣ⻰ôôĲء
˭֪··ûԼһ㣬˵ǻû˵ٻ檲ǰ´˻ϺӦĻǰ£檵ʱҪĹȥˣǶûѽ˵Բԣ
Щոȥʱˡ
һǰ£ֻ۾޺Ӧڻǰ£
ȫƾҲˡ
ֵ´ˣһȵѵǻڸӦͬγ԰ѵˡ
⻰׵̫ûˮƽˡ
ʲôͬγ԰ǲСģ˭ںͬγ԰۾ôġ
ԭµСԴ¶һȻģ뵱ȻˣΪںӦͬγ԰ء
ڣ֪Ĵš
˻ʱָһĵ·˵뵱Ȼˡ
мҧгݵز㻹ᣬ޿ʱ˵ܸ޹ΧأϲĲˣû뵽ɵã޾͸ûһֱתʹˡ
˵Ե޶ĺ𣡡
Խ˵Խǰ֮˿ɺ޼ˡ
Ϊʲô˵ùÿζѪתͷأܹ
ֱˣ
ſĿߣºǲ˼ĵͷԼСӡ
ôһ˵ȷʵе㲻
¶εı飬ֺôһ˭ˣ˭ܡ
ܲԼһܰɣ
´ʱȴعˡ
ѽôԹأһе˭ѽôԹأӦԹԼôϲз
飬һëǮĹϵ
һ£ʱƽˡ
ĵλ治صѽʲôƣôֱأ
£òͷм鼤Ŀ룬ǲҪ̼λ˰ɡ
һٷ쭣ܿĻԼ
ԣϽȰ檵Ĳԡ
˵Żڵ֣ĺ󱳡
ʱˬʶԼĲ˰ɡ
ǰ˶о쳣˳
ʱź֪ע⵽յĴƽЩһ
Ӧ˵ǺܴĲһ
ֻüͷô磬û˴
ЦѽΪ˳ŷ㣬ѩǸĺΣǲǺܺÿ
˵꣬۾գҲգĶſıУһʲô
Ը棬ղŸ˵Ǹ֮⣬Ҫԭ򣬻մһ˺ŮӲķ١
˻ûж롣
Ȼʱڣʯڹ㾭źΣźŮӲķʽֲûûʲôϡġ
ֻ´һۣ¶һԴ飬ЦÿÿģûǸ޵һۿˡ
¿ȹϣũСմϵЩͣĶ࣬һԱˡ
΢ɣûͻ۾񶼲ʹء
߳ŭĽģʱ泩òˡ
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أȴһ黢ĵһֱ֪ġ


181 
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ˣһٵ⼸Щµȵ飬һһ˸ϸ
Ͼڱү谮ֵ߳ףСһ϶ûʲô
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ǰλɲһˣǰĴˡܹܣֵײС̫࣬ɼ
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أȻľǰˡ
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ȫȻ֪޲ԣ޲ͲҪԼڰ˱ȫŹˡ
ŹأĹϵǺġ
ǰλͦ۹⣬԰⼸λֱӾѡǱɣһƾǵӴɹȥ
ɼĹͦһˡ
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ղſǿģһ˵ľͽֱˡ
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Źȴһڵʲô鰡ֻžǡ
˵꣬ŹбһۣĹϵĵĲα΢һ䣺С۹⵹ǲһ԰ӾͰͰ͵ĿȥˣֻҪպСźţĺӻںͷء
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ԼŹ˿ˣĹһ㶼ǿ϶Ǽٵġ
лָܹ㡣Цϼ֡
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182 
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183 
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˵ʵӦԭ˼û֮µһ¶ģֻǽսӵղȥϻ֮Ż
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ϾίɶҲίθǲǡ


184 
գױ֮󣬴ѩǰȥλ밲
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ϾգûشʻǷʵ
Цлص޾ãܶӦûա
мＸأģǰ԰ڵӣҪֳ뻯ľգ϶ﲻڣܵǰҫˡ
˻ûؾ˾죺ǻϻʣǴ̭˭ء
ܿЦ绨ľȻ̵ֵģľʽͼֽȴֻģȻ촦ľʦġ
ϲϲ
صĻصϲ
˵յУصһˣϾûĻὫԼ̳͸ˡ
˵ϲ¶ʱָ˵üЦ
ûбԼ׼ﱻ˵ϲ˸˵ˡ
뵱׼ľĻֽ죬˲ֽ֪Ŷһľ͡
µϼȻϲ͵ǿҪú
̿Ҫ˼ɣܶģֻҪ͵һúñء
⻰е㲻ôš
̬ã㿵ĻйƭɣҲᵱġ
ʱװɵҲŮ˵һǻۡ
Ż϶˵ģϰߣԺ󶨻úüֵģԲԣЦ䣬۾գҲգĶ˵
˻̲ס̧ͷ˸ԣЦǺǵ龫ֵģ͸װɡ
ȴֻϲĺܡ
Ȼ仰ͱתֱ졣
һűոùĶͷһصУôĴˣôƾ仰ͱסأҪֺµĻҲ̫ˡ
ﰵΪ㲻Ķˣÿһ仰ÿһЦ鲻Խߵ
ϧ⻰˵ˡ
˵ʵãһʱԽãʱԽϲ޼˵ǱĬ֮£ȻԽԽϲԽ벻ˡ
ڣҲһֱݳ֮С
ЩȻһ޲֪
Ǹв۵Сˣ¿мȤϲԼʲôرҲøЩʧʲôͬ
Ҳò˶ãʧȥȤҲøһˡ
ԣּǣԺúȺã߸˹ÿһ죬Ȼỹó裬һҵԺϵ
ţĿ롣
ȻҲǲ֪˼ģҪ֪϶˵ǸɵϣʲôƨĿ룬ѵӳϢ
̼ǵãһβС鷿Удһֽʱ룬Ϊһš
룬ôԱ֮أ
ԣȻȻĲˣһģһĳȫദȻҲ쳣ĺĺ졣
֮һȻҲЪ


185 
ٽڼ٣￪ʼ
ǸλɵŸλɿϷǲμһЩСۻᡣ
һȥģȻⲻ˸ƽ档
֮䲻жìܣһҲֵĺͺƽȻڴС
Ϊƽ飬Ȼⲻ˹עƽ˵ĿһЩ
ȻСĿƽ˻ڲעʱ򣬶ݺݵĵԼôΣñ˸š
¶ʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
˵ʵƽҲǴΪô죬鶼ȥܳһʱˣû뵽ƽ˻˼ǳôõ飬޵ڡ
ֱˣ
һһȥ̸Ϸλеƽ˱ؿڵǳˣ˵ڳ԰ʱ򣬲ȥ밲ҲͰˣӦүǰ˵䣬˱ˡ
һΧɶʱϷҲˣȫŶߵĶ
Ͼƽ˶ϵóˣкϷء
˵ʵȴ˶סˣΪͷβ֪ôһ¹
أǴû顣
ңҪƽ˽죬һֱ֪
ȹأҲࡣ
Ȼûں£Ҳ˵û·ϹȻʵ۵Ķ⣬͸ûıҪˡ
ߺ¸ϽֳһһµľģȻһô֪
һ˵ƽ˺Ŷɶסˡ
ɿ˵ɫȴֲ˵ѡ
Ϊȷʵƽ˵Ƿ֮ǰ˵ȷһȣȻװģ
ʱֽ˵ȻҶ֪飬ƽǴӺδ֪ء
Уƽ˶˵£ʲô˼أ˵ƽΪӦƽ
ǿǻûƽֱ
ټںƽѿѣ·ԼһСһ㣬˼ȴûϡ
һ˺ƽ˵ȴøࡣ
˸ոջ˼ͷβ֪飬ϸû˵
ټûʧͷһĵó裬˵Ͼ֪˴£ҲûϣûжΣȴƫƫ˵µӦֲֳϲ
еĺ壬ǳϣѰζ
˼
ĹĵƽˣҲû뵽
ԭ˼һ˵ģ˵Ҫ˲صһ棬ڳɡ
ֻû뵽˲û߳ŭǲһ˿Ρ
Ҽ仰ڳɣ׷¶һѰζı顣
ʱְƽõ
ߣȻĿͶ¼еˡӦ
еɣǿЦ
ͬʱ룺ԭүĵλҲС˶ȲЦˡ
˼ǣСҲû
ǰŵĵҲûע⵽ߵĶ
Ȳ˵ǱеԶ岻֣Զˮⲻ˽ʡپΪλݰҪֱðȻֵλ֮˻λɵĳЦΧ̫ˡ
ԣֻܾš
ֻǿУʱ˫Ť黨״й¶顣
ʱʲôأȻ¸ߵƽˣǾ˭˵ƽ֪ء
ֿܣһ־ƽúڹԼģһأӦ׿ڸߵƽˡ
ΪλأΪԴӳ԰ع֮ƽ͹ܵľһ㡣
һȥģƽ˻ͬס͹ӦϣҲǲܵ顣
һƽҪ֪ȥ̫ˡ
ϾӦжܲסԼ죬λǱ˭
ȥֿܣָںһ֣ΪƽͣһֿܣŸԵú
ʱһЦȻЦſڵԭڳ԰ʱô˼أôҲû
ĺĺĹҧһȴֻװ΢΢һЦֻһСˣ檶ˣû뵽ƽ֪ȴ˹ڻΪ檴򱧲ƽ
˵ģֲ˵λ밲ûʲôϵ
Ƶģ˽ģ˵ˡ
⹬˭ֲ֪˭أرǸô꽻ļλλɡ
ΣǶţϱֳ⡣
û뵽˴ȣ鶼̣ʿգĿ࿴ѽ
˵зζʮ㡣
Ҳû뵽ΪĻ飬üλλɿһЦ
·װĳһ㣬ô˵ݵλαظС˼ƽϹȥأĻҲԵ̫û̫֮ˡ
˻һڵԱߵļλλɣûǸαֱӶĻˡ
˵ǵԼ𣬼ֱ˵һ
ϾλжĺݣڳĿɶʶģϿᣬ˽ֶǱ˭ݶء
ڿڣȻ˵ʲôƽϣҪ֮ɱЦǵĴˡ
ȷʵˢӣڼλɵΧͳ£Ȼ̩ɽꡣ
һֱŵ޺Цݣûô仯治һܱȵġ
Ψһй¶ģֻзУ߬˫ˡ
ߵĽ棬Ҳƽ˵һߣܿĻ
ƽŹ£ʵµƤ񣬸ûһ¡
һ룬Ҳԣ֪˶ܸûһļأ˼ΪʲôҪԼŻԼء
ԣƽȻͳǸСĿĲûɣԼǰ˺ôһ
˵ʵҲΪɿֵ˼͵ʴףʯͷԼĽţԹ˭

Ϸ֮ƽֱԼסڴˤһصĴߵĹҲ꣬Ǩŭˡ
ʱŮ㱧Ѳƶͷƽ˳ҪӸ̫үϢ̫ү취ʰˣ
𣿡ƽ˺ܲȷʵм⶯
Ҫۼ˵ó裬ʵĽĽҪȻҲŸ׽ˡ
Ͼܵÿز˵ټԼɣҲܸӣһ˿Ρ
ܲУҪԹ֪ô֪вء
ɲҸԼӴ֤һɲˣԼƢҪֵԼͷϡ
ԣƽȴмǽ˵˳Ҳ֪̫ԸԸæ
̫ڿжܳ裬֪ģΨһĵľ̫ԸԸԡ
һ룬ǰ׸ˡ
⡭⻰Ͳ˵ˡ
ƽȴΪԼ˴ԣ˵ģҪԹ֪вС
˵꣬öȥй̫ý顣
ϲòֵزˣҲݲöˣֻתȥ˹


186 
Ȼ߶˵סһص͹ɫҲÿȥ
һӦսս
Ҳû뵽ǱӣƽˣҲͷ˷ɧ
˭֪ƽתͷȥȥء
Ҫǣûʲôãõǰһô
ҲԹѽƽ̫ˣ鶼ûŪأȥ˵Ĳڡ
ƽģӦ
ӦƵĿ⣬һ
֪ƽĵʱȻˡ
ӦͰ͵ǡޡ˵©ġ
˵©죬ǹ˵ƽģôţڵĽ˰ɡ
ܿӦС˼Լλݵͣû취ƽ˰æͷ
Ӧˣ鲻ô˶Ӯңҡ
˵ȥҲֻñ˿Ц
ҲġӦΨΨŵŵУԴһ˿ǻ
Ҫ֪Ҳ˵ġ
⻰ţϧǱӣһղŹ˵ĲС
ˣȥɡֻõ
ӦʱһȻû뵽Ȼ׵ķŹԼе㲻Լ䡣
ʱȴֳԾӦҪܲס죬㡣
һ˵ԼõӦʱ򣬿϶ǲܽƳȥģȻѾҲֻסӦ˵
ԣӦæӦǡǡǣٲ᷸ˡ
յĳ棬Ϳˣ´ﻹٷִ

»ص鹬̲֮סԱߵѩƽֹʲôʱʼƽ˺͵ôҪˣ
һΰŵͷ㣬ڶΣƽʲôʱˡ
ѩҲǲԣǰʱҲû˵ƽ˹ϵжõĻѽ
ƽĬƬ̣ſڵūŵţ˵ӳ԰֮ƽȥ͹ڵȥ˼ΣūžͲˡ
˻Ҳ֪Ϊʲôƽ˻֪ڳ԰û밲顣
ƽ˵ģӦϸ״ǵ˵ģǾӦԼߵƽˡ
кƽ˵ʲôӦ֮£Ӧƽ˺ӦԼġ
ΪԼ֪Լ£Ĵͷβ֪顣
ԭˣֲƽΪƽأԭڵǰˢøѽ¸̾
ֻ仰ѾµƽֺõĿģȻӦǾ䡮ûԶѣûԶĵˣֻԶ桯Ļ
ϧѽƽҴ˶ԼŲëء
ӣֺõƽõ
ӣô죿ѩϴżֽ
һƽ˾͹Ѳģڿɵãôǵƽˡ
ȴֻܱˮˡ
ô죬ֻƽһ治תҪ˵ּһϺλɲһ˿סġ
ҵûʲôҪǣպ鹬ߣˣûжԶԶǧ˷ӡ¶
ģסĻӦӦĹȥ
Ͼڵó裬Ӧö˼ɣҲôˡ
ɾҲҪ׼ͱһΣǰʯͷԼĽš
ūסƽӦ

飬ҲûʿΪʲôƫԼ
Ϊ֪ڿĵλͣҪˣȲ˵᲻ȡ裬һûʲô飬һʣÿʡģԵϧ֮ģǷòʧˡ
ԣ´װɵ㣬װ֪µӣԼСӡ
ʱ÷ɿ죬ٽڹ󣬺ܿ¡
ׯӣҲʽβ׶Σŵһģ䵽˶
ҪǷ˳ûʲôĻ벻ΪǮˡ
Ͼڹ˲ɵӣ˭ԸٹǰֻǮҪ
˵ڴ͹ˣͶǶ𲽣ɼжôĲƴ֡
ȻǮӲŽܣûǮǽܡ
һգƽȥ찲
һʱ䣬Ϊׯϵ飬찲Լ鹬ܵڿ죬»Ҳڿ졣
ֻǽ½찲ȴΪׯϵѰΪ¡
ӻūŹʲôԸ¼֮찲쿪ʵ
µѰ¹ȷʵһ飬ֻȴׯϵ顣
˵Żдõһֽͨߵѩݵ찲С
찲ͷֽݵʱ½ŵססַлĻҵһˡ
˵סַϴ츸ӴǷУдסַ
˻찲֪˽⡣
ȽֽϵסַĬ飬ȼסֽֽ֮µ˻ȥ
סַūѾˣ֪ӿʲôҪūŴΪת˵ġʵ
Ϊﲻ⴫żЩҲֻܿڶԿڵĴΪתˡ
³Ƭ̣ŽԼҪת˵һЩ˵찲
ѩȥңȡƱȻݵ찲
ҰƱӸҸЩЩأһճɣҲ͹Դˡ
ԭǲļУ֪ҵӲùǰʱ򣬻ĸϵļױӡ
Ȼ츸˹٣峯ٺ»֮ҲǳģƷ֥һ꼸ʮٺ»ǵǮҲ
¿Ǵʱڿûһ˵츸Ǽʮһ˵ĳԴãҪߡ
Ҳ˵츸һ꣬ûڹĹʸء
Ͼÿһٺ»֮⣬Դö񸮰ˣټϿʱʱʹ͵㣬ڵӹĻ
ңϲĻ츸ؾլӵģҪȻҲر˵һڵסַ
˼ǰ󣬿ãǴԼܵóҸһҲǰԭһТɡ
ֲɽգոն찲Ƿ
ϾڹŴһ׬⣬Ͷˡ
Ʊ˵˵ʵ찲˶ˡ
λɲǮֺ֧ͽӼãû뵽ֵߵʱȴ÷ˡ
ֱƽ
ʵ찲ôɵѽֻǲ츸ΪǮȶѡ
ԣ½찲˵һϯɱﵺ;档
ϯ찲죬ʱȥҵĿġ
˴ţӣپǾ塣
סЩĻ̥ˣҲ츸ҵǰݣҪŽͷΪ
˵ӣҲôõģȻӣҪʵʵ£ҪЩеûġ
˵찲ʱмˣں˵ó裬ˣ治ࡣ
ϾͷˣΪȨƾǮ֮󣬻쳣ѣ֪żˣǡΪˣдǻ۵š
ʱ찲ٴң˸׵ĺӡ


187 
һ찲Ϳ˵Ⱥڵſڵƽ
ʲô£ƽʵ
˽µĽŲȴûͣš
찲ƽƽϵʱ򻹻һϢټȥҵ飬ûʲôġ
ֱӵҲûʲô£ʱĻΪһҡ
˵찲ſƽˣſڵңʲô飿
ƽʱûƽڡ
ƽҲûʲô£ҳ⣬һȥ԰ĻʲôҸһȥ
˵˴΢΢˶٣ڽ͵Ҳ֪ѩߵŮ벻ҿ϶ģأرһθһȥָ⡣
һΣԼһȥ£ɰƽƻˡ
Ҫ´ĥˡ
Ҫǣ۳Ŵ켴꣬ҪˣС˳˵԰Ǹʥأ˵˶ãҪƼǱߡ
ƽе㼱ˡ
鰡찲Ź°ͣʼ˼
˵ʵƽĵҲǶԵģֻһΣ߲ð˸Ĺ
ƽߵĹ̫಻ףҪǱǽǣȷʵ̫ԩˡ
һ찲ſڵ˵ʵС˳һϵƣΪʲôúȥ԰ʱ򣬴عء
ԣƽ΢΢һ㶡
飬Ҳģֻ룬ĸжˣе㲻ġ
찲ȴΪƽҲƼˣֻҪӻó裬߿϶ͻ˼
ͱ찲ԼǺͶġ
С˳أǱȽӵˣֻҪ֣Ǿ˫Ӯľ棬պǰȥ԰С˳鹬ֲǲԡ
ֻ˵ĻƽҪóһЩ棬ڹʱС˳ӸǰֵĻᡣ
ԣͿƽôѡôˣѾƽˡ
ʱƽڵͷ˼찲Ļ
ʵ찲˼ֻС˳ܶһ棬Լ֧ŻиԼһȥ԰Ļᡣ
ֻһʧеˡ
ϾЩϵףԼҪǸȥ԰϶ҪС˳һͬһЩоԼеԿ
أС˳鹬ĻֱҪС
ʱ찲ֿڵеãҪˣȥ԰ֻǴ˰£һ˭֪ãҲһ££߸ãҲûпܵ飬ͿߣҪˡ
ƽ¶ص˼ʵҲһ͵顣
˻찲֪ƽȥԼĻˣͷֻҪ׾ͺá
˵գƽ𣬴񸮡

գֹ죬һǸӣ찲񸮵Ĳ³
ȽȥԼĲ£ȻŰҵסַ˹ȥ
ҵطѵ磬찲̧ͷһдլңǰš
žžžڰԵøֻһһˡŴ򿪡
˭ҵİ찲ʵ
ү𣿡찲쿪ʵ
ǵģλҼүʲô£
Ȼ찲һ˵˵֣һľ衣
ر찲һͲСˣû룬˵ҲǼּˡ
ʱͻȻ뵽һֿܡ
Ȼ찲ЦŵۼҲ죬ǴӹģлۼҴү
˻ʱɴ˫ۣϵĽ䱸Цݲ˵Ͻ˴ţ찲ȥ
찲һ߸·ߣһ߿үտڼأ
ЦǺǵĻصأأҼү壬ûгš
ţҲҪϽʮ𼱵Ľлǹˡ
찲Цۼҽտˡ
˵Ż㰵شһҵլӡ
լڲϱȽϼ򵥺أҿǰԺ󣬿ɼҵļҵӦһ㡣
ҲǣҪĴ󸻴ĻͲһûУҪλˡ
ֻ仰Ĺ찲쵽λǰԺõĿ
һ߷ԸߵСϲ裬һ߸찲˵ԵƬ̣ϽԺ֪ͨ츸ȥˡ
ʱԺڣյغŲˮͬĸ˵л
󣬳˵Ͻλ飬˵֪
Ҳһ𾪣˵Ƿ˹֮Ҵģ
صȻģūˣλ룬˵һǹ̫࣬ڵǲǹģүһģ϶֪ˡ
һҲԴ˼ּɫǸϽߣɲùλ칫ȼˡ
վԱߵϣʱҲֱסˡ
ôҲû뵽빬ôŮͻȻ˻
һʱ䣬鸴ӡ
ҲϽ飬ҴҵسǰԺȥ
ȿ쵽ǰԺͣһǱ첽ȥ
һڣ㿴ϰĺȲ찲죬찲ŲҲϽ
໥΢֮Ÿǫ
ıȿڣ찲ְ
찲Ҳûţʵ˵ˡ
ȴסˡ
ôҲû뵽ԼŮһְ̫࣬ϾȻƷ
ҪǣǸһƷƷ¡
𾪹󣬶찲ˡ
찲أȻĵ̬ȣûжǰ㹧ȫ̻
ȻѾ뻰⣬һЩԼ֪飺֪ڹΣ칫Ҳ֪ҼͣйڹϢ֪٣칫ܸ֪һ
ԴϴҰݹһŽ֮Ҷ߾䵭࣬ͷԣҲ֪׷˺£ֹ̿һʱա
ֻǺĵ飬ʲôҲûȵĹ٣һзƽ˾͸ʲôûһ㡣
찲صүģڹһаãʱӻۼңۼתүһֻܰΪ͢ЧãһŲöܡ
仰ɾʹˡ
ó̶ȣھп϶˶һ
´仰˼츸٣鲻öܣҲǸò츸һŶ衣
ڰңҲ˵ˣүպŵ㣬ŵ㣬Ҫ˼˵ʲôʲô
⡭
˻һ𾪣⻰Ͳ˵Ѿ˺Ƥˡ
֪˸Ϊα裬ǲʲô֪ᡣĲȷʵ
ɼǵõԼŮΪʲô빬ģڹϵǲðš
᲻ۼҲֻ֪˵һλֵ˻
ԣͷһû뵽龹ȻֵҲ֪󵽵Ρ
ˣϽʡ
찲΢΢һЦүģΪӳͷˡ
˻һ
ΣֻҪԼŮûԿãڰɺңﶼѾˣ˵ٶҲûʲôˡ


188 
ʱֿʣ֪ڵλ˭ǲǻǰ
ǼŰԼŮλģڰ˵ˣӿǲùѽ
ǰүģȻͬסһӺͰϵĹϵ㲻˵ǻлϵ𡣡
ԣһ㡣
찲ּ˵˼ڹнƱ˳ݵǰ
⡭ĿǰôƱȴǲԡ
ۼӸүģ˵ˣүЩǮһЩׯӣЩ⣬ũ˸֣ҲһĳԴˡ
˵ʵ찲оΪĻͦܵ
ЩǮӻ⣬治һܳż꣬ؾͲһһֱҲԴԴϵġ
˵ҲǳԶ֮ˡ
ЩȴǺһûȻ΢΢ۿ
˵ʵǰЩΪĸŵԭӹһ㣬ŮŮǮҲֻǱˮн
Щ꣬˿ûŮ˵ˣȻŮΪ롣
˵ʵƤٺȻҲ֮Լá
ʱȫһֲٳ֣ˣֿŮӼá
Ʊĳգ칫æȥСƬ̣Ļ˾ܾľ
͵ʵԴĳ˹٣⼸ȻǴ󸻴󣬵Ҳ㲻ĳ֪ڹﲻףﲻæѾˣùΪˡ
˻һ찲һ
֮ǰѾ츸Ů٣ûʲôµˡ
츸ֱӿھܾǳϣ߿һۡ
ҲǵԼҵĿġ
ΪʲôƱأΪԼ޺֮
ԣƱǶ϶ϲٴȥģҪȻһǰˡ
찲㿪Ȱ˵ģү˼ۼףֻӸôǮ⣬үûŪס
ԣ΢΢һ㶣һʱ䣬ûŪ찲컰˼
ţ찲͵ĿģңϣպʳǣүΪǮʲôصĴ˵ĻҲͲڹյļˡ
ԣүͲҪƴˣ㲻ΪֻΪڹİģǮүҲһҪµġ
찲֪ڲȱǮȴǣڰһӦϿҵļҵʵڲզ
ĵصסߣպ治˵
ʱ찲һȴĺðһ亹
˵ʵԴ뾩ΪиܳŮҲû£ֻСһֱ̤һ
ԼŮǮأҲ⾭ܲסջ󣬳ô˻ôһɡ
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칫һ˵ĳѣ칫ȥ߹ˣ˼ĳѾףպ󶨻С
ԣ찲Ҳͦο֪˺˼
ˣԲ꣬찲ǣǰȴ˸ַ˵Լÿһ¶һβ£ҪʲôĻԵš
֮ϲǸ˲ѣ찲һ󣬱˳š

찲֮ĸϻغԺʱڽصȴš
һĽæӭȥһɫʣΣ¶˹𣿡
һߵ˵ͷһߴȡƱݵУ찲˵һϯظһ˵
һ߿һŵƱһ߰રવĵ᣺Ҫ˲£ôݵ
ˣֱӿڴδ˵ڵĻϴż֣صȻѾȥôãͲҪˣ˵Ѿ˹ǻϵˣ˵Щʲô
Ų˲ᣬĶϡ
Ʊô죬ǰ¶˼أô
Դ츸ҪǮĵطԽԽ࣬ټһסǮԽ׽⡣
̾˿Ͱ¶˼ذɣ˵ģҲǳ֮ƣԺЩ˽Ҳܿɵ㡣
׹󣬾֮ףټ߹Ա࣬Ҫ㣬˵ʵˮƽְʱء
ԣҲһ츸ԴһȣǮŲˡ
ҲãһҪԶһ㣬ٵء
һʽ֮󣬼Ӿͻкܴĸƣÿ겻ΪһÑˡ
ĸϽ֮󣬱ֽɺҵ飬˵һ
ȴһסˡ
û뵽ԼŮɻ̶ֳֵȣһʱ䶼е㲻֪롣
ʱȴҰ㣬ϣպݵʱ򣬶עŵ㣬ǧҪʲô˵Ĳ˵ģһԵĸͷ
˵˴Ҳÿ˵е㲻׵͵Ȼ֪ĸǺõģ˻ʲô˼Ҫˡ
˵ϵҸңŵ˸Ӵŵݹϵ
ҲΪʲôе㲻ģҪúһԭ
ΪҸϵҹϵʲô飬ҲϲǱ˵
ȴˣȻĸûʲô˼һкܶˣ缸ֵ֣ϱǣһӣȴǸǺˣŵġ
ο˼ҵԸԸվһϣ治˵ҲֻǷδȻˡ
ϣȴԵмĻңмֲŵôأǲˣ
ȴˣ֪һʱܲˣȴѾˣܲҲýܡ
ʵҲٲµһ㣬ԼŮԵɣԼŮܳ裬ɿ϶סŮΪ¡
ʱ䳤ˣ϶ìܡ
ֻ֪ǣŮʵѾڰһηУˡ
ĻһΪȰ˵һЩ
ʱϢĶŮùպƱŮ˵ȥˡ
˵츸Ȼûʲô£ҲܲǸøףȴһãǾ츸ûɹ檣ֻһˡ
ϸտʼʱֻŮ츸ּҲףҲΪû˴ߴ߶츸Ҳû檵顣
ϵĶҲڶʮ껳̥ʱҵĳһ㡣
ٺ츸˹٣ֻʱΪѾ˳ӵԵʣ츸ⷽ뷨͸ˡ
ԣҲΪʲôĸԸԼױ֧Ķ顢õԭ
϶ӮˣĻеģ˹٣Ҳͣѡһ˹ӡ
˵ʵʱٵ˲檵̫٣츸ûʲôµһˣĳһˡ
ȥŮ˵һ츸˺ԺȥǰԺ鷿ú顣
ΪʲôҪúأʵǽ찲ĵ̫ҪúһڹٳŲԼŮϺȡ


189 
ڣմһ찲죬ڸ˵йҵ顣
üΪ棬Ϊ䲻ȫԭҲֻܴ찲ֻƬУ²һԼ˵Ը
һʼǾܾƱ֮һЩ
츸ûоȻЩ֮ģҲְһѡ
Ϊôţ죬͸Ѳ˹ϵֻҪﻹһ죬պⲻҪ򽻵
Ҳҵԭ
ĸûУ¿찲졣
찲ǵûУūֻү
룬־úŴ⣬ŮڣȻ츸ڼңĸ϶óˡ
ūŸү˸լסַһĻԵūš
˵찲ֽһ䣺ӷģլūԼðģլӵūҲΡ
˻ʵ𾪵ġ
û뵽˼찲Ļãӽ¶ԼķˣҪǸں찲ɾ൱ڱڣĺԺѽ
¶ʱĽĲˡ
ǿϧˣסڹ˷ӣҲûסһ¡
ԣ룬ǸϽЪӵͷܵǮǿԶһЩأСʲôģͿǮǮˡ
찲첻û˵Լլ֮ǷŹĽ񣬵ֻо˼顣
˾ȻĽûɡ
˵ʲôĽģñĽ˻࣬һӵİ裬ǿɶǻı
¼찲ѾŵΪ׵±ҲģǱպ鷳ˡ
찲Ͻǫ鷳ֻǾ֮͵飬̫ˡ
˵ŻʱƽǰĹ̫ˡ
̫ȸ¼Ž˵ˣү԰԰ӣū˹ȥ
ԣһһ߿ڵԵƬ̣ȥȥ
˵գתȥμ¡
찲֪ѾûգѡֱߣҵѾ˵꣬Ҳûʲôˡ

ѩ֮ҵķ£ٶȻһźɫװ򵥵ϴϴ֮˸ױŸŹ̫鹬԰ȥ
Ƚ԰һ߸·Ĺ̫лһ԰ڸľɫ
˵ʵԴӳ԰֮԰Ĵֱָ
Ͼɽˮĳ԰ȣ԰ԵС˲˵ܸоȱ˵ʲô
ߵٶȼ죬ܿ͵˿ĳͤ
̫˵ȥ鹬˵ʱ򣬿ڳͤιء
ֻǵ߽֮ͤȴͤг˿һЩǰ֮⣬Ȼڡ
ˣ¶ʱͷߣⲻм𣬻
˵ʵҪڳҪӣڱߵӣ˵תˡ
һ߽һѪͷһǰȥ
µ˵ʵҲεĲУأ֪ΪʲôôһС顣
أ־Լԩ˭֪ù̫ȥ鹬˵յȻͱżء
ֱùˣ
ʱոջЦݶſ˵ڣ˴ŹͻȻڳ֮ͤɫʱֱֽ䡣
ղŻΪԼ԰ż˲ѣ˵ĳ֣ȴһӽƶ˴䵽˵¡
ߣȿŲʲԸĶ¸˸
ˣҲֻܶڵ˵ͷֻǿڽյױװȴһġ
ѧʲôãƫƫѧϰģѵڲ֪ƷԶƷ
ʱȴͻȻǰһסµֱۣȻǳЦȻǵؿڵɣںͻδĴء
Ϊת֮죬Ϊոע⵽ǰģǰĹ̫ࡣ
ʱʲô׵ģõż˻ϣǰλˣȴǻϰͰȥġ
Ҳ˵ϸղڳͤһֱδ뿪Ϊ˵ǰֻ˶ѡ
һڶʱżˣ¿ڸߣҪ˶
Żȷˣȸ˱ֳһȵĺýģ˵㲻Ὺڸˡ
ڵͻȻǺͿȴ΢΢üͷ
ڱŵֱۣҲܲʵ΢΢ϧģȴڸֱ۲֡
ˡ
ĵǲвѽԼʲôʱϵ˺ˣǽн㣬Ǳֱ۵ģ֪ģΪǹϵжҪء
ʵأǰ໥Է˳š
˦ţƤǣԹ˲עʱºݺݵ׿һۡ
Ե޹ʱɵĿʱȴԩ
أȴ־ãܶոյԼСôĽôġ
ðɣһʱʲôݣǾܶոպݺݵӣܺÿͶˡ
¼˦ڣҲֻܶһļЦʼϷ
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ʵʱȴ෴Щ֪ģû˵ʫʺ
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һֱֵȻǳЦʱҲȫȻˣֻһĴܸУֻԼڿ˴
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ͬʱЦһСڿǰͼ֣Ҳûôõڣ
һԽԽѿɫٿһЦ绨ĳˣһرЦ
ѽ̫ܶƤˣôϷŪأưģ
ôԽԽϲôһ£
ȵʵھԼȥĻֻڿǰڣֻ㬲ʵ檳ѾãǸûȥˣϸˡ
ʱҪٿҲڹôꡣ
ϷԱ߿ϷֻԼȡ費˵һֻˣĺһ
أϧҲͰˣ۸Լ˵һ仰
ֱ͸ġ
ʱҲûдڣֱӹĶͷţȥɡ
ڰ֮ˣ˵ٴɫѾõˡ
أǰͲҲֱӵڣ߲Ͱ
˵꣬ڣ˻ԼС־ʾ͡
ڱֱ˸
Ѿ˵ˣ߿϶ǲˡ
ԣҧҧһ֮ҲұֳԼߺ޵ģſµķһ̵سͤȥ
ֻǰɣȻߣȴһͷһͷӲǰѶ̶̵һ·߳һֲĸо
أǸЦֻҪһͷЦضӻԼС־Ȼл˵ţ߰ɣ߰ɡ
龰ûסֱЦ
ܶôôأֱҪЦˣ
վڲԶŹˣֻ˲
߰᲻߲ŶԣϧڣȴӲıˡ
ڲҲˣͶҲ޵ģλҪٲߣȵֱӿڸϣֻѿ㣬ӣպأ


190 
ڴԼĹԶ¿һֻͤˣս۾һգգضЦеϣղŵϷǲǺܺÿ
˻ոջһЦӯӯĿһεӣһεЦһɡ
¶ʱˡ
˵õһ԰ӵģϷõͦ֡
ʲôȤζѽ
£һûסԼСħצšһѣԽͷ֮
ܶʱĶŵš
⻹㣬һӽ˱ԼУȻֵߵܶ԰бأɵŵ
ܶģȻȥˣܶôôý޶Թԡ
ߣѾס£ֱӶһŲŻء
ԣ˶ĸһЩü۴Цʣܶ˭
¾˭ҲŻϣоϻ˵ԸйҲҪ˵
˵˵ţǽɲǼȥˡ

Լģܵ˺
ԣΪԼ϶˵òޣǽԣһԾŶ
¶ʱһۣסˣΪʵ̫ˡ
˵ʵҪǰλʵۣĵһ˵Ҫˡ
ƭİɣ
ЦŶԣ޾ƭƭСƤ
ϧûƭ¹
˭ƽʱ͸ֹˣһġ
Ǿڽǵ飬мֲ˼˵ߣ޴ιȥ
ԣһ߸ˮأһЦֱӴ檿˵ûʱ򣬻Ͼι㣬ȥι㣬ҲǳԳˡ
ʵ˵ǳˣǹ˼ɻ˵֣û˼˵ڡ
û⻰Ҳǰ˵
Ҫɣ˵ֻ˵ĸţһ˵ֱҲͰˣ˵ס
ʲôԳˣԳҲЩĸ
˵˵ôˣҪڻǰ˵滰ʵˣǻҲ̫ûˡ
Խ˵ԽûףǺ޲ԴװĶʲô
Խ˵ԽŵȻ˵üȴǴЦġ
رǿĵķϣֱ̧֣Զ˸ͷɱ
ϲҪ檵ķŪˡԴˣΪԹ
޿κεҡͷʧЦ㰡㣬û취
˵ôôء
ԣȴ̴ǣȻ޿κεӣ졣
ʯϣ¿ˮȥĸҲѧſģץһЩʳι
ȿֺʳԵҲǰδеĺá
ƽæҲѵУι֮ЯŹ˹԰ӣһ鹬š

ʱܿ£³ӭ˴󰢸Ĵ顣
󰢸Ȼ̫ӣΪӣǿĵһӣĻ£Ǻܿء
һʱ䣬ڴŵƽʣϲǳ
ΪˣȻλݲߣǱ˺ȥ
Ҫ˵󰢸飬˵Īڻˡ
ϾŴгɼҵһ˵ȴ󰢸֮󣬱ɽ볯ˡ
ɾͲһˡ
Ȼڴ󰢸飬иˣȻв˵ģ˵ȻǴ󰢸һЩ̫̫󡢻̫֮ġ
˵أ̫Ӻͼһˣ
ΪŴ󰢸飬볯ãڻڶ̫ӶԣԵЩˡ
Ͼ󰢸볯ãˮ¥̨ȵ£и£Ļˡ
ְ̫ǣ϶һӾͳɻ飬ǿҲͬġ
̫Ӵɸǳɻ鲻һҪ֮׼棬ҪѺܳʱ䡣
ΪЩ̫ӺͼŻżΪ̫Ӳ飬ζֻܼ飬볯á
볯ãʹŻᱻ󰢸ȵǡ
ˣ̫ķ꣬κ飬ƽ˴ߴֵ飬ûˡ
һ̫Ӷ˼ר飬ܿͱˡ
û̫ӷһȴ̫ӵıֺʧ̫ӡ
̫أʱûз˼ԼĴ󣬷ţǼ⣬۳Լĺ꣬Ȼͼ˵ǰ㣬Ѿˡ
ﲻֹֻսֵˡ
ʱ̫ﲻܼˡ
ϾС赽ľ͸һڿĿ⣬ȴʼͶϡ
̫һʱܲˡ
Ȼ󰢸ûգ㿪ʼ볯ãʽְֵȥˡ
Ŵ󰢸絽ְ󰢸һȻСƵ
һ͸̫ͼһܺƽˡ
һʱ䣬һɰӿɱϯ
Ϊˣ»ר찲츸˿ţһҪԶ֮жԶԶ
¿֪ûʲô³ԿӢǲĽý췭ظպ϶Ǳⲻ˵ġ

һȹһ죬ѮǬ幬Ƽݳ԰ּ⡣
ֻθϴλЩһϴǿżλȥģεҪĿģȴǽ̫̫󡢻̫󵽳԰ġ
ԣӵϢ֮Ϊ˺ǵһ
Ͼ̫̫ж಻ϲԼǹ˲֪˲顣
ߵĹˣҲ磬ԼӲܸһǰȥ
ΪȥģϿ϶Ҫ²ŻؾʱǲǵԼӻһء
أرȥ
ϾϽǵ쵽жȣġ
ֻ쿵ûҲ˼ȥ롣
Ϊ̫̫ϣ֪֮ԸΪѣҲԸȡ裬Ҫ̫̫ڿ˭Ҫ
ǲǴҳ飬ΪһԶ׼顣
ûʧǬ幬Ǳ´У֡
ӵϢһ߸ˣһƽȥһε׶Щɸ棬Ҳ֪֪ˡ
ȴԼһ
ݵɹȻ٣رϥаɣݵС
ȣٱϥʮĶɣ߰ĳɹ˵ȡ
˵߰ӦϥµģֻԼĶŮټǰ漸ûĪͲԸģóɹԼˡ
˵е㲻Ϲأ߰нżҲû˵ʲôˡ
Ϊɻ䣬ɹĸӣͳ˺ûдڸеɺͰ硣
û뵽ĸȴݵС
⻹㣬ڶļλ磬һֱȫȥ԰ȻǴðȥǱ߶ġ
Ҳǣ԰Ǳļˬ˵ǾɫˣذǶֻһЩ
ЩˣĻʹ١ϺС١ϣҲڴС
ڵͬӦθû¡
ڹť»ϣΪڹŹεźûиݡ
أΪ󰢸ո»鲻ãලСˣҲûиһȥ
ǻмλȥСɣȴǲóģǸλĵġ
²ò̾һ䣬ȻԼԼ۰ƿġ


191 
Ӵ⹬
ƽԴյԼݳ԰֮һʱ⡣
ر֪óλſһȥ԰֮󣬺Ƿ߷߲ƽԼס˺ôһƢ
˵ʵƽе㲻ģǰȥ԰ʵȥ̫ɣΪʲôͲܶһ
룬Ǿ̫ӰæΪȥ԰̫Ҳһȥ顣
ʱߵĴŮ㿪Ȱ˵ƽˣˣүȥѲ⣬ӱҵ̫Ӱæ鲻Ҳûɡ
ū˵ӻȥҵæأӿɼǵãӦһܸȥɳ԰ǵмʹģū澿ǡ
ҪȻӦλݣүŹأЩǵĹͣɼүڵԿ飬ǻֱġ
ƽ룬Ȼö˵Ļر
Ͻȥһݺھȥ͹ƽ˷Ը
Ҳ³䣬ϽȷŷģϾҪǴ·ͨҪ취ġ
ԣǰȥ׼͸ĺƽǷԸˣױ¡
һ׼׵ƽ˱Ŷ㣬ֱ͹ס

ڣĽ˵ƽˣ˼һתµƽ˹⡣
Ȼƽ˽ϣ˵⣬ղ²һģһæǰ˵ġ
˵ʵܲԸƽæ
ΪĴǣжԿ˽⣬ƽȻΪ̫ĸҲԸΪ̫ӣƽ˺ͺҼ棬Ƕ֪һ㣬ƽмֲġ
ԣƽæЩΪѵġ
أƽò׽Ѻùϵȴֲ׷Ҳòѡƽæ
Ͼƽ̫ĸݣں󹬻ǺܺõģպҪڹؼʱ̣˵ܷӾ޴õġ
ҲΪʲôƽֻһˣԸߵýԭ
һȦƽæ϶ҪģȴҪʽԿڸ顣
ԣƽ˵Ѿ֪õ⣬ӦҲ֪˴ȥ԰ѾүӦһǰȥҪٸүڵĻ
˵˴ֹɫԵЩΪѣ˼㲻Զˡ
˻ƽ϶ʱЩɫ
Ǳģ͹ҵæģȴû뵽һԶֱҪھܾ
ôأ
㣬ĺһǰȥ԰һҪæѽ
Ҳ֪ҪʵûˣôƤءģҪĳˣպֻҪõõĵطÿ϶᲻İŽġ
ƽΪȥɳ԰ңŵģǹƴģ
ǰ̵ô࣬ȵȻƽ˵
ԣװһŭӣΣȻ֪óģֻ飬ȷʵó档
˵΢΢˶٣ɣó⣬鵽ܲܳɣҪԼıˡ
˻ƽץһõһ㣬ʲô⣬˵
ŵӦ֪ү˴ǰȥ԰ҪԭΪ̫̫ͻ̫󣬶̫̫ƽ̫ӣúβȥһ̫̫ء
Ǳ˵Ҫȥ԰飬үͬ⣬ֻҪ̫̫һ仰ˣõ˷ģԶء
ŵ˵ڵĻƽ˵ԽԽ
˵ʵƽ˿ÿ£һ뵽̫ӣû̫̫·
ھһѣƽ˶ʱǴͨζоˡ
˵Ϊ̫Ӻͺң̫̫м档
ʱֵøȥ˴֮󣬸θ̫̫˵
ԣƽ˶ʱһϲû뵽Ȼ֮ãﶼˡ
ƽ˸ϽǰյߣȥСߵ˼䡣
ƽԽԽϵЦֹֹס
ɼڵ⣬⼫ˡ
Ŷ͹ƽҲûӴ⹬ֱ̫̫Ĵ
ʱ׼ĺ񣬵Ȼ͹
ʵ˼ԸģϾûİƽ˵ǰ˵ֻǰų˸⣬ƽ˼֣ű
ֹСʱƽ˴Ŷ㣬ϲĴӴ
ȻӦǳɹˣҪȻƽЦ˸ˡ


̫̫״Ӧƽǰȥ԰֮£úǲ̫̫󣺡֪үϲƽˣΪλҪһڴӦƽ˵飬ӾͲΪ£үﲻʹ죿
ԣ̫̫ȴЦǺǵ˵СʵԸӦƽˣҲǿ̫ӵϡ
˵˴̫̫΢΢˶٣Ҳ֪ʺţƽôҲ̫ӵĸֳңһӣһҪġ
Ҳˣ󰢸飬̫˼Щأδƽȥ԰Ҳϣ̫ܿһ
󰢸飬⼸̫ӹ̫̫밲ЩĲ飬õǿˡ
ֻǽ꣬ū澿үû̫Ӵ˼̫ӽҲֻʮ꣨꣩䵽СЩ
ڵĴ󰢸磬ҪСء
ǰ̫̫̾
Ϊ֪̫һڲܴ飬Ŷ̫˼֮ģο⻹۳ĺӡ
̫ӵֻǸʮĺӣܺܺõԼϵı飬һ۱㱻˿ˡ
ǣ̫ӹΪ鵽׸鲻һڿ긻ǿڳϴչȭ֮ʱô̫֮Ĵ飬֮Ľ볯ء
飬嵽ǲͬġ
̫̫Ȼƽȥ԰ȥɣȥôˣҲһȵǱ֮˵ܹĹ̫ӵʳӣ̫һ㡣
ܵõ
̫̫ЦЦܵܵģҲֻЩˣ飬󻹵̫ԼײУĺ겻ֻһ˵ĺ꣬ڰĺ꣬ǴĻʵۣ
̫ӰСʱǱ̫ˣԲ⸱ӡ

֮󣬸ʼæµҲ⡣
ΪȥʱϳҪȽ϶࣬ʰգʰ׵
ΪԼθ룬λ׼ϴʦ񸣡
֪֮ͨȻϲѣҲæʰԼҪĹȥˡ
ƽأǹԼ˵Լһȥ԰뷨
İţ֪ѾͬС˳ˣС˳鹬Լȥ԰
룬С˳ıֻ㲻ͬƽİš
˵ʵ״ӦƽҲΪƽˡ
Ҳϰƽ飬رȥ԰ʱҲһҪĶ࣬ƽٺò顣
ǹŮߣ֮ңϴޡ
һа׵ֻųˡ


192 
Ѯ̫̫󡢻̫ķݺһϽǳƺƵų԰
ΪԱֱ̫࣬ʱ࣬ŵﳩ԰
ҷȥĴԺӣϣ¿·Ĺ
ӵĻη˼
µ֪طɱϴסСԺˡ
Ǽߣļλס棿
԰ɿɲ٣ɲΪôĵطֻסһˡ
Ĺصв˺ֵ˼סš
ԣһ
˺ˣڹеļϴô棬˻㲻Ųദģ
˵ʵµľǸλɣƽ˷ֵһԺˡ
ǰأ϶Ҫ峿λ밲
أƽǵü۹˾ҪסһԺƽˣҲסƽ
ʱ򣬻ֵüɹģ
ͦãƽˮˮ˭Ҳø˭밲
˵䣬һ˺ܿ쵽˼ǰ
˽ѩƽˣĹֱӴмĴš
һˣѾһＯߵĹˣʼʰԼסӡ
´˽Ժӣ˻صس˷ţ´к
˽մһɫҺɫװͷϲһ֦ӣ˵ʵʮ࣬ΪúõĹϵҲͶʮ
ټԴһϵŵʣʱǰһĸо
˵ſ֮һȻںһֱó裬ľ͸͸ǵģȴǼõ˻Ůҳɹסˡ
ɡŹЩŮز˵Ҫ̫ˡ
Ҫǣ˻ֵסӴ⹬ȻҲԼǰõĸû˵
˼໥ſʼ˵
˵ʵȻڹżм棬˵ĻȴָϤˡ
ԣ֮˵ĶԻҲЩѡ
¾ãӦǸˣϸϸ˵ӣɿһ
΢Ѽ֮ºͲ˱ָԴȥæ
ܹ麣Ϊ񣬱麣Ƿ麡
ɾҲϽס˺ܶ࣬ڽϣҪöࡣ
±㿪ʼѩƽ
ѩʰ޵ƽԪʰڵİ衣
ʦͽѾĹȥŷˡ
Ͼһ˴ϵڣû˾ĳԶٷء
ʱ࣬һʰĲ֮ǱҲʳ
ʳһһһţһѩĹˣ̫̫ͻ̫԰ס売Ϊй
˵˴ѩԼӣӴ£Ǵȥ̫̫ͻ̫밲𣿡
΢΢˵ͷȥ϶Ҫȥģȥ֮ǰҪһʡ
̫̫ͻ̫󵽵׸ǲһģһŵԼλûȥ밲˵ùȥ
Ҫǲȥ̫̫ͻ̫밲ó˵죬۵ñɾʹˡ
ԣ̫̫ͻ̫Ǳ߿϶ˣԸ鷳һЩҲѰ˴
ʱ·Ըѩȥһ񣬹֮ȥڲݷһ
˱ϣ񣬶һЩ飬ÿ϶ࡣ
ū֪ˡ˵꣬ѩתȥˡ
ʳ֮¸ױȻѩո׼õƥУ˷š

ڣߵĴŮҶ˵˹ݷõʱǾȣϲ
Դ԰֪ͬסڼ֮󣬲˾ѾţʱһҪ˴ùϵͷ
ڼǰݷãȻ־ϲ
˷ԸҶȥҽг
˵꣬ԼվŽЦӯӯӭȥ
һյأû뵽ȴһԼˡ
ЦŻص͸ȹݷ׼ѽġ
˵ŻѩϴƷ
ƥУǽļ¿Ļɫʽһƥɫģһƥɫġ
ɫʺϸºװɫһƥʺϲ͡
ԴˣϵЦ˼֡
Ƥǳ㲻ʥ裬ΪڣǱҲ̫˿ķ
ⷬɣȷʵοˡ
ʱôӲǰ¼񣺡
ЦŻ񣺡񣡡
ȻǳҲûʽĹţŮǻŮԴϾͱǹء
֮Ҳһ
󣬲
ʮ꣬ǸеӤʵСºͲлʱɵڲԡ
ʱҲ΢ЦŻػԵùɶ֪
ˣ¶ԲĸŮֶ˼ϲµľܺˡ
ҹĲ࣬ܺࡣ
̬ȲŽ˵˳ιѯһйڸ̫̫ͻ̫밲飬֪ʲô㣿
˹⣬ֻƬ̣λʹҲ԰ӣҪúһȥʹ밲ʹǱʲô³˵
˵ʵҲ֪¸
ԣȷʵǰһ
ǰڹʱЩλɣûʸȥ̫̫󵥶밲ġ
ÿڣǻʹ壬ǵ̫̫ͻ̫ͷ
ڼȻ԰ӣⷨҲǲá
ⷨӺãһ磬ñһȥ
˵գöʱ䣬ƽλ밲Ǹʱ
ô£ָ˼䣬ԼպпˣԼһ԰ӣŸȥ
һߣ˴زѧ塣
ʱߵĴŮҶʲˣǴ˻ᣬ˽𣿡
㿴ˣ˵
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷǿһ㣬ūûӴ˾ٵ⣿
ںУԼӳλʱʮֵľӦǵġ
ԼӶȴе㲻һ
ǻ˸յʱԳȥ棬ãĵ㣬ǰ顣
ҶžԼ˷ɣи˽õĴ㡣
뵽ҶԼεĴŮ˱㽫Լ뷨˵˳
Ѿʮģò˼꣬͸õָ䣬ں󹬲ʥ裬λأֶֻԼͶ顣
˵˴΢΢̾һģûʲô£ҪٲΪıһܲϡͿļ˰ɡ
ȻĹײ˼ȥɹźףȥҪ޸˭棬кܴġ
ֻ仰ҶԼӵ㡣
˻ύˣʱĻϣڻǰԼ䡣
Դˣ΢΢˵ͷǳԼ뷨
ҽ¶Ȼϣмϲġ
ĺǹ㲻֪˵ԭ򣬵ȫֵ̱Ļ
Ҳ˵У˶ȷʵмϲġ
ԣҶⷨӺܲū澾ãȷʵһͲǵŰ֮ˡ
Ȼ֪Ҷ˵Ű֮ˣָľͬסһƽˡ
żã̫ӵó裬ǿǲ˳ۡ
ʱ˶ҶȻѾ˽ãһߵĹˣպǱ߿ŵ㣬ҪΪһС¾˳ͻҵ顣
ҶϽӦӷģūʡãǻӴµģū澴ͽӵĻȥ
ԣŷĵĵ˵ͷأҲոγŻᣬ˸ùϵ
ţͬסһԺӣֻҪģǸദģϵ϶̫ˡ


193 
¸մӸڲ˴ûãлʹߵС̫îʱĿ̣Ժʹ밲
²²⣬ʹԭ򣬿ҲǸ̫̫ͻ̫밲йء
գϴױ֮󣬲ݲù㣬ڵĲЯųš
ʵʹסԺԶ˲һӱ㵽˵ط
˵ʱɵĲֻ࣬ɢɢˡ
±Ͳһ˵лһվԺֵһ½½
ڹ˵£һȴ
ֹƬ̣ĻʹߴŮĲ£Ӳ

ʹ֮
ʹֱӿ˵⣺սڽټŸս԰ӣҪ̫̫ͻ̫ǰһТģǸеƽﳤЩģǸӦμĲŶԡ
䣬ˬЦŽӻⶼӦģʹ˵£檽ҲǴҪȥ̫̫ͻ̫밲ģãʹͳ뵽һȥˡ
˴ܸһ԰Ϊϥ֮⣬ҪԭΪ̫
Ӧ˵Դʧ赽ڣںлûɴ̫ĿأĪĹϵ
ԣʹȴ΢΢ü
Ȼոյмֲġ
Ļէһûʲôĺ壬΢һϸһ㲻ԾͺڳɣТһ
룬á
ʹ̲Ļһ䣬²̨
ԣµɶʱֻ
еɾǻãǰҫԼ̫Ĺϵ
һʣλɿ˵ҲСࡣ
벻ˡ
Сɣִ󳡺ϣֻҪԼڣûɹԣһûзԻġ
Ҳµ⣬ϾֺǺǿϷܱȽʾ֭ĺɶǶ£ҪɵĶࡣ
򵥵ļ仰֮󣬻ʹҲø˷ѿ࣬˳
˵ʵҲǻʹΪʲôԸÿո밲ԭ
壬ûô֧ӦһһĿʵ̫ķ˵;ˡ
Ŷء
˳Ժϵ֮󣬸λλɴ·̫̫ͻ̫ס売Ϊй
Ժ売ΪйЩԶҪƴ԰ӣλãɿЩ彿ûĵλˡ
ټֵļһĳ˫ߵ売ΪйҲǳһȺ
أ۵ĹǺ
ȵ˵طû뵽̫̫ûڵڵã̫̫ú͹˵Ĳ£ǰ
ɸϽλж񣬵λֱӹ¿ͷ
һ˵ֻȶĲˡ
ҲӲš
ΨһοľǣΪ԰ĸλֻлʹͶλС˾Ȼ̵һλš
ҪȻ
ߣ̫̫һ߸ʹˡ¡˵йڽ԰֮һЩ飬һ߲źۼɨڳһۡ
رǿԽԽʢò󣬸̲סͣۡ
ǵģ˵Ůʮ˱䣬˵ǰòһ峿ŵĻǶ䣬ڣһѾʢĻ䡣
ĹʶĿǣһƲȥ
ر˫һͬһ֦Ļȴ飬ԵȻֹ̲꣬סϧ֮ġ
ʱ˿̣̫̫Ȼϲԣȴ˼΢
һŮӣŵʱ򻹺ãѹţǲҶ̫
ȵһȥˣǷܰѳסԼģ
̫̫һʺš
֪ǵТģֻǻʹԶÿ߹̫ˣԺʹҲǹ밲ֻһʮһ˱á̫̫󷢻
ԣʹЦ˵ģʲôⶼСӦģô˵ء
ȻǣСҲܲʶôڽøлڵһˡ
ţλλҲæڲƴڻЦŸлһ̫̫
Ҳ֪̫̫״ÿĽ밲Ҳûм˵ÿһҪ밲
ҪȻͲǱТģûɫˡ
̫̫ס֮󣬽ţʹִǰһط̫ס
ڻ̫ûɵȴ˵ط֮󣬱㱻ֱ˵ڡ
ǿ˾µ̫̫󣬻̫ԵôͶˡ
ֺ£Ϊ尢ԭ򣬶֮⣬ɶһͬʣҲڿǰ˵ɵĲǡ
ڻ̫ǰɿŵÿһЩ
һʱ䣬Ż̫˵ڵҲֳһڵľ

̫̫ͻ̫밲ֻȶ첻Լˡ
Ȼֱ࣬۵죬ֱˬˡ
ֱƽʳŵ㣬Ÿо»˹
񸣽˼ࡢɳ̶ػ
رǼ࣬ѼࡢƤȶѣټϼϺõĹװƶɡ
ζʳָ󶯡
µȻóԵ࣬ȵһβʣȻֳһػգŸоѪ
۵Сȶǣȥ϶ǲܹˣֻʳ֮齲ȥˣ˭̫ء
ڸڵĲ˺ʶ
ʱ˻Լһȥ԰ӡ
Ȼ𲼹˺˶԰ӵز죬ѾһεˣȻ֪԰Ķ棬ľɫÿ㵱һ򵼡
˵¸ͬӦøлĲŶԡ
ʵȴǡ෴Ȼ֮ͬȴʮ꣬ҪһĻ֮Ĵͦġ
Ҫ˵һֱڹŴ£µ˼ִ
ټµԭмֺǸֻҵ˸浽һȥлġ
龰ºüɫ裬ֺ˰վԱ߿ˣ䵱żҳĽɫ
һմ˿ԽԽкģʵϲһ𣿡
ϲ۾ﶮúöҲ֪顣
̧֣ԶϲĻǾ͸úദϲ㡣
šܹɵ˵ͷ֪ģ˺ܺãҺϲһദ
ʹĺ죬Ҫ˵Ѿʮˣ֪ںóɣȻҲײˣζʲô
ĺϲˡ
˸󹬺öɲһ֪ʶ࣬ࡣ
Ҫǣ˻ĽǽʲôСһ
ԣرϲһ
˼ԼĿģҲϲˣһ
˾ӣҪǲϲˣֻǷˣʱദ㿴ûʲôĻˣҲԾˡ
οÿϲҲܲûֵǰûĻء
ԣ˵ϲ˵ģһЩ


194 
ת۽£һȹһ죬㳩԰ȵϽǺϺ֮ܶ࣬Ĵ̫¼Ƶʡ
԰Ѿʼÿȵ磬ڵڰϼ裬Ҳ
˵жʱûˣֻĹ˵ûڳ԰ǻϽˡ
̫ȣֲܳȥ棬±ȥһϪݡ
Ϫݵǰ̫֮࣬ǰʶ룬˳Ľ赽Ҫ鼮ҪȻ϶Ҫһˡ
ڽ赽鼮Уһйݷӵ顣
£㿪ʼоݷӣȻռᵽҩĺһЩ
֮أȻԶˡ
ã»ûôĵӣϾںеҪ̶ȣɿˡ
ټƤʹƣϸУҲԼЩֵֹݸ࣬ƤҲ͸ֱͿĨһ㣬ʵһ°ˡ
ֹգһ磬¸˯ûãƽ˵Ĺˡ
˽
Ĺй֮ſūŸոմϽѾ԰ˡ
£˵ʵһʱûټ԰СĶλģˡ
ĹһֹлҪ˵ģʣʲôһ˵˰ɡ
ūŻ˵λǴһġ
˵꣬Ļ́һ˵ķӦ
»ΪʲôأͻϽһˣ˸ɻʲôֵġ
ԣĹĻ֮º޷Ӧ˵ţƽڹϵڼȻҲ԰ӣҪҪʱȥݷһ¡

Ĺӵ˳˸ոյķӦһͷˮ
ԱߵƽΪʵ˵ҼӸƽϵַӦҲǺ顣
˵˴ƽ˶٣СĹ𣺡ҼӸе㲻һڻλޣȥĸλһҲ̫⣬պƼĶˣȻ֪ˡ
ϲɵİԣġ
Ӧ˵ں֮ЩԣϵİԣҲĽ
ΨһͬľЩ֮󣬸ɵķӦЩͬЩһϵûУֻǵľЩԺȤܺ
Զһ㣬ƽидҲѼֲ֡
ƽĽͣĹͣǾȣǲ˼飬ֻ˵ķӦ̫ˡ
ĸóϢ֮󣬲żϻ𣬺ԼĶ
Ȼ򶨣¾ʹʧɣ̫ټˡ

ڻ֮ȷʵһдûС
Ϊһʼ֪Լһˡ
ûڣҲɣһϣһֱúܿΪûͲʧ
ԣĹϢ֮¸øģǼ
ڵڶյİȴͻȻ˼
¸й֮󣬱ЦӯӯؿЦٲ֣檿ɶ˻ϳʲôģˡ
̧һۣ⻰Ҳ˵
Ҫô˵ѵӦ˵ôôûѾ˰ɡŵıš
Ƥⲻ𡣡Ц˵˭Ҳܶģ
£ǲǹװû˵Ŀʲôģʲôģ
ԣظһ飺û檣檲֪檿ǻˡ
˻ʱҧ
ƺô£ǲǣôһ˵ء
ⲻһпУ͹
վԱ߷̵ŹʱӶЦóˣֵƴš
ͬʱҲ˸үˣүأš
ŹҲ֪ү˵ЦôÿģϽĻ˻֣ŵڵĹˣϢ˳ȥ
һʰ˵Ļᡣ
ŹɫĴŹһߣһ
ԣüԣһС鲽͵ǰһﹾţ͹ϻܽôŲɡ
СƢǼ첻ҪϷ߰
ֻһ죬ԼĴãȻֱӽȦڻС
ݺݵŻܰôţ㿴ܲܰôš
Դˣһ߹⺦µСؿڣһ߹ŵرţ׺ݣ檺úء
£¾Ͷˡ
΢Ц⣬ʱй¶ĺ顣
ʱһ˫źȦĲ۾ֱӸ˸Ŀӡ
ż˵ÿɲЦҪٲ檿ҪǻǺģˡ
˵Żһֻ֣ḧüۣϸϸġš
ˮһУǷ·Ѿ֮ǰģҪ¼һ㡣
һ˫Ȼ󹴻ţֻúͷһ˫ķĿԽİĵ޲޲ܶޡ
˵꣬ͷĴǣÿһ£ŰԵľ
һ߻ӦһأֲĹҧһĴǣʾͷ
в˵ͲҲ̫ԵˣԴԼͷϣ˻ϣҲû취
ԣиоŨŨԹ
ԹΪζΪ̫û̫˵ԭ
ԣĻ֮󣬿෴ﻹ˵ĺܣ˵Ҳġ
ǡǡǡͷЦܶԴԼͷϣܶû취
ǵһֵĽ˵ء
Ǻĸһ䣺޽첻׼Ѳ⣬·ɹүæȥˡ
˵ʵҪɸˣСӣ˵ڽˣ϶תˡ
ֻ෴ﻹмָˣòġ
ҲҸˣӣ󹬴󲿷ɻǺʶģֻߵԽԽ޷첻˵ûҭ
͵£һЩ
Ǻܰ⻹࣬ҪȻ檿϶Ҫû֪Ϊʲôġ
˱˻ԵİСģֱӸЦˣ˵˵֪Ϊʲô죿
Ǹ͹Ϊʲô˼
Ӧ˵ʱðһЩǰûʴ;ӣһͣ˼ЦԷǣ˼ˡ
ֻŻӣ鶯ۿתһȦüĿڣҪǲһĽͣ檴Ͼû˯¡
ʱ̿ԭ˵֪Ϊʲô죬˯¡
޺ô죿ⶺ
Ϻ¾ͶˡСüëһĵ
Цã㰡㣬Ǹ
˵̲꣬סָһĹ˹ͦǡ
Ȼָͷߵ㿴ⲻһæ꣬ˣǲӦԭޣ޽˯أ
¹ԼС°ͣһ˼֮״鰡檻Ҫٿǿǡ
ԣüҲҪǿǣǲ̫ء


195 
Цһ󣬿ڣ߰ɣǱȥ
һ㶣һʱû˼ֺܿ˼
ǻԵƬ̣檽ȥ»ѡ
˵գ½ѩ޽ȥҡ
ٶױ֮һ´ţŴҳ
ŻϺȲĿ߰ɣʰˡ
ԣЯų˵š
ʱǰʱѾʵЩˡ
סļȻû֮ǰסǸСԺϪݽҲԶ·ϲûгǴŻȥ
˼֮´ԱߵĹУӹһյʽǹƣ
һ·ϣʵҹɫУƹӰӰ´£ֻһϸĽŲ
һƣһֻСȴѾǣס˵Ĵ֡
ԴˣüһЦŤͷԵһۡ
ҡҷĵƻУŮӿ橣ȣԵø⾲ģĶѡ
룬һգͽֻ޹ǵ֣Լ
ˣĴָɨһС֡
¶ʱȻǱϷ
΢΢ȴǿָһЩ
ֻü۴Ц֪ܶǣ޵ֺܾˣҲ͵͵ĽУúһʵ޻Ǻܴ󷽵ġ
˸ŵ£ֻʣ²ۣ˱˻ԣ˵ľڵɡ
ٵ˱˻ԡ췴
ǡǣ޵˱˻ԡ
ãԼõķϣƽˡ
˵ʵ˾õҹر뽫һ˵Ľݺݵĳͷһ
Ӳסֳ嶯Ҳ
ˣ˾ǣ֣ЯĻصϪݡ
Щȵļڰ˼ϪݣȻҪˬĶ࣬жһ˿˿⡣
¾ãǰĿյȣҲûʲôˡ
ԣˬʱһɨ֮ǰģſҪȥ鷿
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һʱ䣬ˮе¶ٴߣֱڳһ
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ԣ˵ط֮׵ļڡ
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ԣһǾͺãҪﲻ̫ҽһ۵ĺá
Ц÷ģҪ岻϶̫ҽơ
˵ŻڽԼǰһ㶹ƣ¸ǰŷ㶹ƣҳζҲһһ
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198 
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ͻʱ١Ǹڻʹ߹ȥˣ﷢飬١ֶ
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統̿ߣүתͷͷ˹ˣȻֽλ
үǲԼϲŮˣһֱίģϲģĿҲûá
ʹ͵Уָղ˵١Ҿң˺Ҳ֪⻰ʹشˣʱǲ֪ʱ䳤ˣǸɵӣҲòµˡ
˵ʵѡңˣòǰ棬Ժ档
岻ãҲ֪ܻ꣬ڵǳŲ١ںҫġʱѾɳˣõȻѣ˵ó裬޼мȴó裬ܻףõġ
١û뵽ԼӾȻ֮ԶȻԼ飬С١ϰ׵ˡ
ңȻãʹ˵Ļмֵ
˵١֣ϽĻʹƨóԶūֻüǰüԼһĶֵء
˵ʵոҪǲ͸ūūǳʮԴҲ벻еϵȼ֮
١ֵĿ޺ƨʹֻЦЦʲôȼֻ֮öһЩˣҲԷƱı£⹬˭
һӲãߵ£ȫְæҪȻʱ䣬úأֻվλòͬı㲻ͬˡ
ܱ˿϶Ͽɣ١οͬʱҲЦ˻
ǫūЩӦõģ˿ޣܸźǲūİ˱ĸء
˻׷ùϵ˼֡


199 
ʹĺ飬ΪӦͻϱ֮£ûôˡ
һ·һĻص
˺һźòѹͷŭ
ֻǿվڵڳӦԣӦøĿڽˡ
ʵǲǹģ
ûУûУûСһŵΪԼԴŵǻ֮󣬾ܾмֲտʼ檻ܾţֻʱ䳤ˣûס
ĲģһҪ檰һû˵ѣ˵Ķ滰
˻ʲô׵ģ˻ʹĵˡ
ֲĻʹλͻȻٰʲôʲӵͻأԭǱġ
֮󣬵µ϶߳˲ӣûʹˣ˽յⷬ̽
֮̽󣬵ȴڵʲôҲһ޷Ǿǹһס
ڼı飬ոյ˵ǣһ
ʵȻʵ˵ʲô̲סǾеˡ
ʱҪʹţҲǲС
ֻǵʱ̫̫ڳڵķΧ̫ã̵ס
Ȼ˳ˮۣԼеˡ
㿴ã̫̫󵱳ΪλݣΪ˳ڡ
Ҳǲˡ
֪ȻѾˣټҲá
οǻʹƣȷʵ޹ء
ڵ֮Ⱥǻƣ©ɸһĳ԰αסڵ̥£ȫصϽǡ
ʱ򣬾ͲΣˡ
˵ʵ֮ǰ뷨ܺãֻҪŻصϽǵ͹ʱң̥ȹˡ
ٵȵʮʱ򣬱Уƾں󹬾Ӫ꣬϶ܱ˳
㱻߷̵Ǵĸǿε֮⣬Ժö۹ˣ֮ǰ԰ġ
Ͳܱ֤ǵҳ϶ˡ
ڽȥ֮ٳԺӣʵʵĴã֪𡣡
֪ȻӦĸɴ࣬ȴΪȻ
̫̫˿ӵĻãĸɸҺ̫Сˡ
λҲΥȻӦš
ɫڻһ£ֺɫʲôȱʲôֻɹ˹ߵ˵ҪʲôˣҲֻŷȥǡ
ԣɫһϲл
ˣûʲô°ɣעŵ㣬򲻿ˣʲôԾģ͸ϽǧҪšֽһ䡣
İɣ檿϶СĵġЦſһԼĶӣָһ¡
װÿǸպпӦ˵λĳ롣ȻҪúûš
֮󣬵ͽġ֥͹ϲеǰŵ㣬Ҫ˿ӡ
ߣֻס˵ڣλӣ˻ǳ͹ԱôңǺ׷صġ
ֻҪڲҪܣֻãٶСģӦò
ҲǵȽϰĵԭ


ڴͻϻ֮󣬱һֱ겻ᡣ
ӣ뿪һЩɣѾˡԱߵȰ
ɫǰˣ૵뿪ôÿǸ߸˵ģƾʲôҾҪ˴ʹ࣬ʲôˡ
һ㶼벻
δκˣΪʲôø³
ӡ̶ʱ֪Ȱˡ
ر֣Խ׳һǹмӣԲȻ˺ҡ
ڵڶġ
Ҳ֪Լӿ˵˭ֻǵײָյ˵
ū֪࣬ǵû֤ݣϿ϶Ҳŵġ
֪˵ЩǶԵģɾΪ֪Żñܡ
ҪǣҪںĳֵ£ǿջЦСͣѰ顣
ĵζʵ̫ʹˡ
ڲ˲ᣬ֪
ġ
̼ᣬһҪǰģӻҪϽǣҲóӦУûҼΡ
⹬ʲôģֻлú͵ģڼȻǰһѾûˣֻܽץסһڹ㣬۸
ڽȭЩģľ˺ˡ
֮ȥˮϴȻְʰһոΪҵױݡ

صӲãŷ֣ոʹʹˣȴҲЩ嶯ˡ
Ϊάˣƽˡ
Ǿãղľٶ϶̫̫Ӽɵˡ
һ룬е
ҪҪȥ̫̫̫̫һ£Ϊʲôᴦƽˣ˴ժ
תһ룬־ⷨӿ²ɣ̫д˵ζˡ
˵ʵûԼһջΪһСɣ˽ʾ֭Ϊ
˺һҲûʲô÷ӣ͸оôõɡ
ŹΪ飬˷գʱڵū˵үһһԽֻ࣬Խ˻ɣʲôء
ᱻ˭ɣָȻ̫̫
Ϊ˶ڿĿǷΧ֮ڣֻ̫̫ĵġ
̫̫ΪˣΪ˾ǱίҲ޷ֻع
ŻԵ˽ǡ
ŹĻƽȷʵࡣ
Ȼһ˵飬ͻţʧյĳ򶨡
֮󣬿øȥֻϷ˵ӣȻúðοһ

½ӵ·֪֮ͨҲһ㵡
û뵽Ĵ󵨣ΪάƽˣϾͷӡ
Ȼ£ʲôأ㾫ĴϪݡ
ȸȻֳŹ˲עʱ֡
һСֶҪ͵͵СģЦ˻֣Źȥ
ȵһߣµǾ͸ˣֱϲ˵źۻסĲ˶Ļ
һ㶣û뵽վ˴󵨣һü۴ЦһֺȻۣסֹȥ
ŴŴĿڣлϻ檣á
ССȴ˵껹СԴĲ˲·
ˣ΢泩͸˱ˮһ
οƽ˵Ļ㲻ҪȥڻϣҲԺ󻳲ϣպ϶
ȴֱ֣ס죬û˵ڵĻ
һ˫ˮգҲգĶ˫С૵檲ûаƽ˵ĻأڻϻϵģͲˣֻںϣںϻ᲻ϲһһֱϲ檣ֻͻһлϱ㹻ˡ
İŮֱ׵ĸף˺ڵİĸܵס
سַĿ֮ⷬҲͷһ˼֡
κξܾ˼ʱ䣬˵Щֱ֮ӾͶסĴ
ưԵᣬͬһ
ʱ򣬶ôһ˲飬У޷԰Σȴָĳ٣һ


200 
գɾͽӵ˿ҹӵϢһʱζӳ¡
Ϊάˣϴƽ˲㣬ҪٷӰοһˣǲ˵ʲôˡ
Ͼ谮ˣҲòĿŵɣⲻλεĸǣţ۸
ϾΪ̫ĸƽ˶˵ͷЩƽ˶ȲϵˣǸù˼ˣ
һ룬һЩɶʱɡ
һЩأȻԺ˵棬һҪٿŵ㡣
ƽֻǿڲԵ˵˼仰أͱϷ˽һ£дŮ롷һٱ飬ҪǲСĳˣǻ˵á
ԣһͲúܶ࿴ʵɣࡣ
԰һЩ¹ˣڽӵϢ֮󣬶ת˷һ֮ǰԴɢӣ
ҪأҲǰһҪǮˣͻὫãκδ
ƽЩߵĹˣоΪԣһ˵ֱ´һ
ͬסĲ˺񣬶Ϊ£һЩεĸ
Ϊˣ˲ٴν̵һҪ˺úദЩƷ͹л
ͳЩôҲҪ˴ùϵԲԡ
˵߷ʢƽ߾ǳƲҵˡ
ӵϢ˲ٶֱӱˡ
ÿ̫۸ˣֱͲ˻·
ǿ޹֮󣬸óдŮ롷ĻǵóдŮ룬Ͼдһٱ顶Ů롷ʵ󹤳̣͵ɡ
أҲûƽдŸ̫ӿһ
ţ⻹ΪȥԭҪǳȥȥի̫ӵ棬úÿһԼίˡ
ֻǴʱ̫ӣ˵ѽ󰢸Ѿͷˡ
̫ӿﴫصϢ˵󰢸ں͵ոϻˣȡͷһ̥һٵУҵС磬һĵһء
ԣ̫ӶƽЩëƤĺ£һҲȤֻүͼĸ󰢸ء

Ϣ󣬻еڵмֲޡ
Уûʱأʱ䷭˵ޣܲζ
ߵĴŮȰֻ̥ܰǣ˾ٵó裬ҲСֻҪӺú̥ʱ˳С磬ɱг谮ĹˣҪеλˡ
˵Թûãɫ̾ɣмõģȹȥһ빬ʱ˻ûӻء
ԣһ룬ѽ˵Ļֱ̫еˡ
ʵʲôֻպʧ裬һ³á
һ룬ǵ㲻ûˡ
ˣһ
ӲҲвĺôǾ㼸仰ܴõͷ
ҪȻҪʾ֭ѿˡ
ǽˣҪ飬ںúô̥Ҫպ˼룬Ӱ̥
ЩϢҲסڣ߲бķ̹ˡ
ټֲһֱҲᵽõԺһ䣬Ϣסѽ
Ҳֻûʹĸڻˡ
Ч

ڽӣȻûʲô󶯾СȴһֱûϹ
ǰڱ·èˣǽѬ⡣
ȻѬҲ̫󣬾һϣһ˾Ὼܵҩ
˵ʵˣѬҲûʲô⣬أȴǸи
ŵʱû⣬ʱ䳤ˣ϶Ҫµġ
⻹㣬ʱŷʳ㾭ϸѹأҲʱ
ؼǣҲʲôر˵ĶһЩ˵ʳģ֪ʳ
һȥģԭûϹڣѾʼ޷̥
Ū֮ͬһ㣬з紵ݶҪﺢӡ
߳ȥҪΧ飬Ÿҷ·ͻȻĳʲôֵֹĶŵ
˵ǣЩС»޷̫̫ҪֱͶ֣ǻðء
ڲðǣЩСէһҲûʲô⣬ȴϸϸĥ
浽̫̫ЩëƤС飬˲ڷֺ
Ҫ˵Ļֻ˾õС˱֢
УЩССֲһˣ̫̫棬࣬ūţȻٳһȥ棬ټˣ
ⷨһλУҪǴˣԼλ߶Ҫˡ
ֻУŶﻳ̥ڽء
οЩĹˣһԴУ϶֮ǰѾ˵Ǻ·ץѱġ
ڹģûūţĸ˾ӣء
ԣŪЩС󣬵ǹŵ˲ʤ䷳ǵĿġ
ףʹЩСˣǵĿѾﵽˡ
ϾڲûôõĶ
ֻǸ빬ûãûٴµСɣЩõ֮Ȼͻ
˵һ̻̲գҲΪ
ԣֻÿչ밲ʱ򣬶˵ЩĻȻٽźĺ㣬עŵڵ״̬
Ҫʲô飬ҪϽ
ʱܿ컮·ݣʼת
ڵӣʲôʱܻعʱ򣬻ʹֿʼ۶ˡ
֪ǲǻʹãһεͻûԭ򣬻ǳ԰ʵ̫ģʹӦü֣ǰȥסԺ;
ԺںУɫȷʵ
һεʱסɲûи԰ʹС١ϱס档
ڼȻʹ룬ȥɣеǹܡ
Ҫȥˣ»ʹƹˤѡֱ֡
Ͼʹ⼸岻ã˭֪ܻãҪ涯֣ʹ١ң治һôֻڵù
Ϊ˸һ±ߵū
Ȼ⻹ץסʹѱµҪغһ㣬ץסѱأھ˻á
£Ҷġ
ڶ̥ģΪıôãò̥Ժ͹ںϣ
ǣҲ֪ҪǲȥãҲδǰȫġ
ǰȥԺ˵ž˶ڶ֣ʱǱ޳Īﲻʲô
һʱ䣬Լһֽͬѵĸо
һգպ˺ģһȥԺŵԼƤӵ¿ţʱֻҪ̫ԶӦòʲô⡣
ԸȻԺʱżС鷢ȴûʲôϵ
ڵȫȫβĻˡ
һ
˵ʵҲۣӦ˵ֱԼеʱ򣬻Ҫۡ
Ϊ˲ǺܴһͻӦʱ˵еץϹԤС
أֲһʮʱ߸š
ΪλһҪæµء
˵߻СҪչˣֲ̫ྫ˺ڡ
һˡ


201 
ϧûȵأֿʼѧʼ۶ˡ
ͱ˿ʧ裬ҲЩֱʵģǺԼġ
Ϊ󹬵λԩңȻĴ̥϶Ҫõɡ
ԣ̻ʹ֮󣬵һԵѣԣ롣
Ӧ˵Ƕסڳ԰ɣ롣
˼ǣûʲô飬ǣǾƷɣǻ̫Ǳصи͸һ𳢳ɡ
һ㲻ȥҲȥѽ
ǻ̫ģôҲҪӵĺһɡ
ȥȣǲͻ̫ѽǰ߻һ㣬ɲӣͲ̫ˡ
о仰˵ĺߴͲɴǡطҲðɡ
ԣǵôһԼ
˵ΪʲôֱװװӲҪú̥ء
Ҳû⼸λʡ͵ĵƣֱӴ˺̫ҽøڵ
أԱ߼ʵһ䣺þûϲѶˣһ̥ɱأҪǵչ˲õĻǿһæչš
һֿܣͱЩ˶ĵĲС
ֻһһĸԼţţȹʱعͺˡ
һ¾ǰʮڣ϶ҪǻعϽǵЩɣѽڵġ
ڲóˣҲһĸڣԼĵϳ¡
Ե΢룬ҲͷĵĴڣȥԼμʲӵƷˡ
ֻǻҪŵˡ
Ȼϣƽ
ʱ˲²⣬ЩСС˵ֻΪڣŶѡ
˵Ӧϵǵߡ
һأȸƣߣ˲ڡ
أǸµģʱʱĻ£Ͽ϶ȱ
һһ϶ˡ
ټڻ̥£û̥λ϶ġ
ıı
ӱʮеĹΪϣ˵ľɡ

֮󣬵˸ʱ䣬úøڷһǵĴЩС
Ȼأֺúðһ¡
ϧȴЧ΢ڵɫ֪ΪЩĻٽ
ֻǴʱҲѾûʲôð취
˵Ļ˵Ľˣ飬˵ٶҲã󻹵ҪԼ뿪С
ҲڳԴϣܶڶչһЩϵģѾﲻæ

һգڱúˣֳԺӡ
ڲܳţҲֻõԺһˡ
ӴŮ̫£̫࣬һŮ÷
÷㲻ȺҲ˵෴÷ЩľګܲԴǡ
Աأ龮ĺ㣬÷ֱеһǴһȱ㡣
ھЩȱ㣬ȴ÷ŵ㡣
ΪڵĶ徲࣬Ҳû˹ⲻǲˡ
ⲻ徻ڣԺй
ֻߵԺȵĹսǴʱȴɨСŮڽСл
ӣʲôأūô˵ʲôԵ÷Сڡ
ꡣڶ÷һĶ
ҲŮ˵ѡͣ͵ʲô
Ͷ˷ŲϢǰ˼ȻСŮܿǣȴ˵δ
ʱŮҲ֪ʲô쾪ɣȥĸӣôܣ㿴ͻݺƵһˣôܻݶء
˵˴Ů׻ǲһŮҸո˵Ļ
ˣᶨĵͷͼ˵Լԣ϶ˣͲˡ
㿴Щ͵۹ˣ˵ĺƣôܻȥĸӵأ϶ƭˡ
δڣ⼸仰ʱͷһôҲû뵽Ů̸۵飬ȻԼйصġ
ֲǣǹڵ׼ȥĸӵ顣
ȵĴھȻĴ˸
ʱŮΪŮײԼĻ˵Լƭ˺󣬶ʱЩˡ
˵ȸղֱƭʲôҪƭҽǱ߸ɻʱС͵ġ
¹Ů׻Լ˵ĻŮұԼСܣ֪˵⻰˭𣿡
ŮæҡҡͷȻҲŮҵĻ£̲סʣ˭
ˣŮǿǵߵŮĹ֥أǽ˵ʱñҲС˸ţ⻹м𡣡
ģعŮ¶һеŹŮҵı
ŮҵȻǵģұϹƭ
Ůϻ¶ɻΪʲôѽ˸оͦƵģһ㶼ˣ
ΪʲôƣСŮԴ֮Աǣ·Цһ㡣
̫ˣʲôǿǸһ¹ŮˣҪˣܴӹŮһ·ڵλ𡣡
ŮǲŵǸˣһ˵ġ
ڵ˰ͷݶҪ߸ˣ⹬ﻹʲô˰ֻǵӪļѣҲƭƭָսãûʲô۵СŮˡ
ŮҵУһҾûбƭĽС
˵Ҳ̫ˣȥĸӣܸое⣬Ķ
Ůһ˵Żһ߹˸£һԼµ顣
ԣŮһȻģʲôģֲû˵Դû֮󣬾;Щʳ˸ʹǱߵİȥһĸ֮顣
ԣŮ΢΢˵ͷʾĹ
ŮܸܽףΪҪȥĸ˰ɣǷڳΪڶԼء
˵˴ֹ¶һص飬йڵİ˰磬֪ɣиڹݣ͵͵ң˵˰Ȼڻϥµģȴ͵͵˰磬һЩԼЬࡣ
룬ĸӣǰ˰磬ܸŻһ𣬿϶ԽԽԼ׶ˣĸģɲ˵ġ
㿴Ӻǰ֮ڣôݵڣܷŵģĵİء
ԣδպһǳֱʱֱ֣
˵ŻŮֱȻţһɱͷĶȥĸӣһ˰ء
˵ȥĸӵ飬ʷֲټûʲôСֵġ
ŮȻûʲô飬Դ˹Ͼ֮࣬û˵ЩĹ¡
ŮһͣԭĹŮףЩĻˡ
ȻⷬͺⷬģֹŮһ͵ڡ
رڹŮҾ˵ڣ֮ڶڹŮ˵ģȥĸӵ飬֮ǰ˵߷֣ߵ˰˾ŷ֡
ԣĴ̫ţҲûס֮ⷬ󣬺ܵʪĳ¡
һֱ÷㣬ȻҲŮոյĶԻ˸
ֻһľźͿ־壬ʼͰ͵صڣӣոǸŮ˵ĻǲģﲻĶȥĸӵɣ
ԣڲûش÷Ļֱӿڣߣȥ˵
˵գҲȥ÷ϵı飬ֱתȥϢˡ
һߣ÷Ȼǽ
ߣŮȴڼŮҸпţǿϧڣڻڹأ̫ˡ
ԣŮֱһܲΪȻʲôģܵģҲˡ˵ǰգﻹϸոʹƥӣ͵סء
˵ٿЩ춥Ŵ̫Ҫɻ۹˿̳ܲģԼɡ
Ůͬĵ˵ͷ˵ҲǣһȿԼɡ
ֻǺЩѾԶˡ
ʱոջֹŮȴͻȻһͣס졣
ֻ˵ڿ˸㣬ȻŶԷһЦ˼Զ


202 
һ·Ϲ򶨵ڣߵԼסſʱȴͻȻͣס˽š
ֻתŸں÷㿪ڽȻȥ֮˭Ҳ׼ߣ֪𣡾ǺҲ׼˵͵ոշ飬ڡ
ǣҪҲ˵Ļ÷֧֧ؿڡ
Ҫ㶼˵ĻһĽ취ء
ڶʱûпǣסҵĻ
ԣ÷ŵӣϽӦǣū֪ˣȥ֮󣬲ܶ˭϶ؿƿġ
˵ʵ˺㣬Ҳûط˵ȥ
÷ŷĵĽ
ֻǴʱȻװһƽֻԼرĻң챻ͻϢɵˡ
ϾСҪҲûԼҪûء
رΪ⣬ѾܵԾϵ˫شŮ֪
ҪΪһС񣬶ȥһҲ̫ˡ
һ룬ڵһʱܶҡ

ֹ˼գۿɼٶȣս
ʱ費˼벻˵ήҵҲ˫Ȧرԣһû˯õԭ
ǵģҹҹجεĶǵɷҪ
ԼĴӣѽӣѽܣʼأһһεıҵˡ
ÿ밲꺮ů˵ģҲǱоģֻΪ˶ĺӣҲΪպ·
һڸԵõĽǲ
ûĲԾҲûж룬ֻΪڻ˽µСŻˣֻŰһ
أչ˵ϸһЩЩСֶΣǰƵ֡
ʱһԻˡ
ϧԽ࣬Խ飬ҲԽء
ر˽£÷Ѱҵ˵ŮŮȴѾ֪٣Ҳûҵ˼ֱһ㡣
ڱ²⣬ǲǵ֪Ů֪ܣֱ˽Ϣ˿ڡ
һ뵽ֿܣĸӻ֣̿˺ˮһ㡣
أҪǿװ򶨣ⱻĲ˽£ȴ÷Žİ취
ڴŮ㣬ΪǱߵ̫ԭѾֱˡ

ŻʹĽУҲڳ˸֡
ʵԭģʹľٶŪµһ
ټϵûٸɽغ飬ҲװװӣҪС
;ĵصڹ鿣ϴżĵط
⴦طλںߣվڴ˴ͺɫǴλûǵطȻǼġ
ºͲ˳ŸԼƽһЩΪ뼯ܽԲΪ˸ʱ䣬š
˵ʵһһľۻᣬ³˳ԹϿϷ֮⣬Ҳһŵ
ټĹУ֪һЩǱֳĶ²ЩӦöǳŻеġ
Ҳ˵˲ƽõױС磬ȹ͹ĵλ
صΪûٵɣŻЩԸ
ھͳ߲ĵӡ
ºͲ˵ʱ򣬹Ѿۼ˲ٵɣںһߺȲ裬һ˵˵ЦЦ
һͬǰȸĸλһһ
֮Ҳͬһº˱յ˳ù˳ĹϹġ
ŵںڣлʹС١ϵɱѾĲˡ
ξۻᣬʹǶĬû뿵̫̫󡢻̫˹
Խɾһ˵ЦԵøһЩ
żλλ˵˺һĳ滰ԳԺã
±һ;һ߸ʶļλɣ˼䡣
ʱ̧ͷڣվڹ鿵̨ϣһ˿ǰĺ
룬±ѩǰڴк
໥֮½һڵɫűϴμʱÿͦ࣬üĳҲɢȥˡ
и˵ù۽ɫÿ˲٣ɼһʱ䣬ӹĻ
ӦԼǴ̸˵á
΢΢һЦùȷʵͨ˲١
ۼչ˳Ȼ͸ˣһˣľҲͺöˡ
ʱվڲԶڣ͵͵º̸Цš
ʱ֪ôģͻȻէ֣һơ
ᣬʾ֭ǧ
뵽´пΪѹͷҲûĴ󲽳λö
ߵ÷״ҲϽȥ
ʱĵòȴͻȻԱð˵̸
ֻŶ΢΢˸üλ㣡
²ԣ֪ôͻȻܹˡ
ڼڹҲЩ΢
ȴʲôֻй֮Цڵλ㲻ҪᣬֻǼλĵĸˣĽĽҲո֣֪λʲôأ
ϵıЩһѾĲ֪ʲôʱ򣬸ˡ
෴ÿμ棬ôһС㲻졣
뵽ںͬס͹Ƕǵֵµˣÿ̧ͷͷģϵӦûԣҲûж룬ֻΪģ˵˵
ֻһ뵽λ̥ٻе㲻;衣
̥ǵǧģ־Լˣ˲Ӧ̥̥µˣŶٷһЩ
΢䣬ЦŽӹڵĻÿʵҲûʲô˵ѾµףӦÿݻع顣
ԣ̲ס룬ոպôǵˡ
뵽Ӧֻ⻰ڣҲûпڷ
ȴ΢΢һ㶣ָֺܿ
ЦŵԭλѽҲջعأǲȷʲôӻȥ
˵䣬߬˫ֽ˽
ѽӦÿˣǴգȥ֮Ҫ׼һҪǲһЩϻȥĻʱϿ϶ϲġЦͬڼ˵
˵ǡ
˵˻תһ浥Цմɫװÿû㴩ɫأȻˣܴʲôɫƯңδ磬ҲϽһء
ǽЦݣôһ˲Ļ񣬸û뵽Ϊ˿ԱԼ
˼ҼȻЦӭҲԵ̫ΣֻӲͷƤЦŻصòԷƱֵ껪ܴʲôȻҪҺõȿˣýϴַɫͲҴ
˻ڹȻĻŭŵЦ
һŮǺһɣҲΪĵط˵Ȼˡ
¿һŵ޺ҲԼոˣ˼ֻǹ˵仰ѣǰ㲻
ϧĵе̫ˡ


203 
¶ڷ½ģΪԼ˱֢ʱЦȻļŽ
ϴҲÿͨ͸ˮһͲͨûûмˮõأضǻʹ͸İɡ
˵ŻͻȻ֣һסµ֣ģʱӡ
һ㶣ûΪλͻȻľٶ
ټϲȻҲûľͽԼس顣
˭֪鲻ҪھȻҲյ쳣
ΣѲд˼ŭɫ
˭룬ڲֲ˵¶һЦ⣬ֻ׽׽ѣʲô
ڹŹֵЦݣ¶ʱͷƤһ飬ɵҲоڲԾˡ
бոյЩ;ٶҲֻΪ˴ķͽĶѡ
ԣһʹڵ֣һŭ֣
ԱߵѩۼԼӶڵɫԾȻǰæ
Ҳһ㵣·û뵽ոջ̸ˣôôͱɫ
÷ѩˣҲǰڵæ
ʱȴͻȻ¶һŵľֱ飬Ȼ󾪻ʧش󺰵㣬Ҫ
˵꣬ɿ˸ղŻ߬ŵµ֣Ȼȥת˳һԾֱԽľˣźȥ
һǳɣڳ˶ûӦ
ҪԵȥץڣȴʲôҲûץ
ţšͨһˮھ˺С
ˮкܿ촫ھʧĺ塣
˵ʵֱˣˡ
ԱߵڣͬŴͣ¶һԾı顣
Χ߶ɺ͹ˣҴҳ߸лˮȸϵС̫࣬Ѿʼˮˡ
֮ȴôҲ벻ͨԭΪݺðôķգֵ
ھͲ̥
˵Ļǲ̫ˣҲ̫ɥĲˡ
һŲڶǻδµ̥˵ûûˣ
һһ⣬֣벻ͨڵ״
ܿ죬߾;ۼ˲ٵɺ͹ˣʼ
ʵ˭ˮˣ
ѽôأ
һʱ䣬һƬŸӰ
֪ˮ֮ϵɫҲʼøе¶ϧеֻе͵͵Ƴ¡
Ͼոˮǰ󺰵Ǿ䡮㲻ҪʱȽϽˣġ
գ۹ˮӪȵĹˣѾˮߣʼͼڡ
ֻǲ֪Ϊʲôп̫ˣҲпץ˾ݣӪ˵ԽǿˮеھԽڵһʱ޷ϰ
ţˮС̫ˮ˺ųɹΡ
ʱʹ͵ȸλɣҲ½½ĸϵ
Ȼڳ£ȴҪװһĵģ
ôһ£ôԵ޹ʵˮʹʡ
˵Ŀʱ䵽µϡ
Ȼ֪ԼʲôûҪȴѣֻӲͷƤｫ龭˵˸š
ͼӴ׶ֻǳһʵ
ϧ˵Щģڳȴûм˵Ļ
ټΪĹ¾Ȼ˵ʲôԼºģǸӼţ˵ϹǴҵɵأ
ԵĹŮ÷㣬Ҳ»δʱ򣬾Ѿʼµ˵㼵Ҽ̥ҼˮģôԼȥģҼֲɵ
ʱ÷ҪٿԼҪʲôĻǿɾǸɵˡ
ԣ˵֮ΪƽȻ˳㽫ʺӿ۵ͷϡ
ԣڳɣ¶һȻ˵ı顣
Ǿ˵ô˵ǰ㣬Լºأֲɵԭˮġ
ȻˣҲɾãҲûбϿô򵥡
ǲɵѵ˾ɵģĿŵеˮҲ˻ɳɡ
˵黹Ǵ͸ŹŹ֣кܶɵġ
÷Ļɫʱһ䣬Ҳ֪͵㡣
Ȼͬǰ㣬Ҫݺ
ѩȻ漴ͬ÷㳳
Թ֮ɫһֱڳģһδ˵ֻź棬ŹӪڡ
ܿ죬ڱ㱻˰һΧ£˹ȥ
ʱѾʪ͸ڣȻûлȥģҲ㲻϶á
˺üˮ֮΢΢һ㾫
ֻŵָ̧֣µλãȻĿڵһҪΪǡˮģһΪ̥¡
ȼ䣬Ϣ޴󣬾Ȼ÷ոյ˵ǣ޶
һĿ⣬ʱ¡
ʵѾ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪´͸ŹŹ֣֪һѰ⵹˵Ĵûᡣ
ˣڻкλ˵ıãǴôң
һ仰ֱӶµ
ҲһԽ϶ˮġ
¶ʱһͣû뵽ڶˣ֮ĵһ飬˸ñӣˮ
ɼжأ
ټϵոյĻ¶̲סʼɣյⳡϷǲǵ֮ǰѾͨõģΪݺ
ʱµĿһ䵽˴ͷβһ仰δ˵ϡ
˵ʵǲԸţҲмҪɫġ
ǣڸոڳȷʵ龭ˣ·ڣδ˵һ仰˵乫ûС
Ĭ˴£ľµһ㡣
¶ʱһ䡣
ԭﻹżڻ֤ģڣȴѾû˵ס
ټԭǵģ˵Ľ飬ҲһԸλ
Ҫ飬ӦԵķѣ飬ֻܹϸˡ
ֻ˿ƣ쳣ᶨؿڵﲻףһ϶ΪܹЩðɣһ飬飬ͷβһϵûУԼˮġ
ʱԱ߻ʹҲʱĿڣҲôֻ֮ƾ͵ȼ仰ȷʵܸ˶µһУܲ˵ʲôʲôɣ˵֤ԣͲ֤԰ɡ
⻰еλεƫˡ
˵ˣ˲˵Լˮ˭ָұ֤ڴ˾٣ǹݺأϾںжó裬ҲǴĿõ顣
ʹ˵ⷬȻΪ֪һЩ˲֪飬ڽյľٶҲһ²⡣
⣬ܾԵݵһϷ
ԩˮģʹ˰뱧ڻеڣǿĿڷ
ţͼ¶ʹ̵ı飬Ȼʼµ檶Ӻʹʹ
ѪѪѪˣȺУ֪˭ָڣֵĽ
˶һȻ·Ѫ
ͷһ֪Լĵ飬ջǷˣǾһ̥Ҫסˡ
޻ʹ֣ڶָˣƫ
ѪʱҲ˲ЩˣֻȸϽڶ̥Ҫ


204 
һָŹ˽ڷϽ̧ҽΣһָϽС̫ȥ̫ҽ
ʹأߵĹ̫ȥ뿵ǰ
ˮҪ̥Ļ¿϶޷ˣҪԹϡ
һɿʼƲǰá
·ϣѩһĵĵô죬ū澿ڶ̥Ǳסˣ
һʱԣҲĵģ̥»ãһһҲҪ˵ˡ
οڻڿ˵Լ̥ˮġ
͸Ѱˣ
ڳĬƬ֮󣬻ǿڽѩҪ£ʱֻʵʵ˵ãҪʵڡȫƵϣ˵ʲô֪
仰˼Ĵ㡣
ԼãΪʵɣû˸Ҷ֣ѩ˵ģû˺͹˼ˡ
Ūã˶ѩ̣ĵġ
ѩһ쳣ᶨū澲¡
ڹﲢټӳ£һùߵĸˣںܾǰʱ򣬾Ѿ׼
ѩĻҲ֪˵ʲôֻ͵̾˿ֻŵʱĵ˾ء
Ҳ֪뷨΢΢Ҫǲ֤Ļ֤̫ˡ
Ͼúõվڵ̥ȴĳˡ

һ˺ܿ쵽á
ڱ̧Ҵϣȴ̫ҽȴš
ִ֮ûôõĴˣӦ˵վʸûУֻܹŵȴ䡣
̫ҽĵͦ죬߸յûһǱһĿʹǰ˺̫ҽҴҸˡ
ĵһۣȻͿ˹ڵϵ£΢ɲüͷ
ʱ֪ԼҪסΪƫʧʣ˵ʲô
ο¹̥
֮󣬿Ը̫ҽҸΣȻתλߵĻʹѯϸ
ʱ򣬻ʹҲûҪƫ̻˭ֻǽľԼº˸Ե˵ǣһ顣
ǳĬתͷʵʹ˵Ŀȫʵ飿
ȻԻʹ֮ǰƫ֮£ԹԺͷߺޣڿǰʹƫˣȴ־ֵֹġ
Ҳݲ˼ټϻʹȷʵûͼӴףſ˵ͷʹ˵Ķʵ顣
˵ʹֲɵʱͼӴҪãʵ䷴˵ÿУʵ˵ء
ʱоϣõǲġ
˵ˣԱߣ˵ǵ
˽ľ֮תڹŵµϿɻʲôҪ˵ģ
ҲǼӵΪԼˡ
һ·ϣȻ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪ôɺ͵棬̫ƫԼҪԼ֤ס
ԣڼֱͦ˿ҵֱӿڵػϣȻмҪ˵һ㣬·ʱԼ׽ȥġ
ڶ㣬ʱлں֮飬ڵʱڸǰ֤һ
㣬˵ΪŻˮģ˵ıǴѵɵ鶼֪𣬻Ҫڴ֮ͥ£Ŀŵĵű˵棬ˮǲ𡣡
ĵ㣬˵ǻǵһʣǾ檸ڵĹϵֻʶǰ˵仰ΪͻȻ檣٩٩һ˵檽մ·ÿһ˵檵ÿЩط͸ɵ㡣
˵ˡ
֪⣬̥޷⡣
ȻԸվ֤Լֻܱվס
ҲҪ֪ڵ׻˵Щʲôа˺ֽɫ
˵ʵǲ뽫ĺܻģϾҲüˡ
Ļһ䣬еĿ⣬ֶϡ
Ҳû뵽ʱںڳ֮⣬Ҳڡ
󣬸Ǻһ͡
ʱڻңͲ֪ڵʱҲֳ
˸ϵ֮ʱҲûԵһֱΪʱֻںˣиԴĹˡ
һ˵е㷴Ӧ
ڣķĿвһ¶ȣ˵ɣ¼ϣʱôһ£
Ҳ֪Լ㲻ȥһ򴽣Դżֽŵ檡檵ʱˣú÷ִʱٶ̫죬檻عʱþѾˮˡ
һ仰ʱûע⡣
˻¶һȻ˵ı顣
ӵʱڲΪԼ֤ʱѾ˲²⣬û뵽Ӧˡ
벻ףΪʲôԸ֤µλ⣬Ϊ˵ĽûǷϣߣԼ֪ʲôԭ
˵ʵԸ뵽ɾǣҲô˻ᣬ侮ʯֱӰ⵹
ԼһЦˡ
ʱˬʵĳЦڵ𣺡񣬷飬ڶ񣬲֪ƽʱвʱ𣡡
⻰ʹλεķˡ
϶ʱһڡ
ɫʱҲѾƸղǰºͣĿ֮ƳһԵĵ
ڲԹɫĵһã֪ǽϵһˡ
ˣĵһ
ô࣬ȻĿģÿˮ鲻򵥣ϴˢһԼɡ
ɴʱҲ·𿴳˵ʲôĿڵڣ֮ת
ֻˮһ£ԽԽ˼ˡ
ˣȻֵµڣһǣˡ
ҧ촽н߬˫֣ⷬѾ˵ڣ뷴ڿ϶ɡ
οҲûҪڡ
ʱε̫ҽ˵ĿһӾۼϡ
̫ҽȲ˲ͷϵ亹ǰ
̥Σɱסֱʵ
ػϣڶ̥ԭΪ·̫С̥λȣȻˮҪס̥΢ֻܾһԡ
̫ҽû˵ڵĻͲ˵̥ѾסˣΪҽߣֱֲӷֻ˵ǾǸøԤ룬һҪġ
·ҲϵĽһ㣬û̫©ֻ΢΢˵ͷĬ̫ҽϡ
̫ҽת£дù˵ҩץҩΪڱ̥ȥˡ
תصڣԴ֪һ̥֮󣬱һֱĬ
ҲԼλϹԹվã˭Ҳȿ˵κεСһСĴŭա
үǻʹȿ˿ڣ˼Ŀ
̧ͷһվڵڵɣŶԻʹʹȴ˻ȥɡ
˵̧꣬һۻڵϵ£ּһ䣺Ҳһȥɡ
ɶʱһȻЩ׿˼˵鵽Ϊֹأ˵鲻²ˡ
󣬸ɫһ䡣
û뵽̫ҽ˵̥֮󣬲ûˣҲû˼£Ȼֻţ˻ȥ
㣬õ̵
Ȼˮ֮£ڻ͸ŹŹֺɵ㣬ȴޱѾʧ̥Ҫǲܳô˻ᣬɴ°⵹ˣܵͷĻԺῴΪţܵصս
պںߣ͹͹ˣ˭Ὣ˭
ԣڿ˵껰֮󣬰ҧҧڣү
ֹģ˼Բѿ
ԣ̧һۣдһ˵ӡ
֪ΪʲôʱͷһٲҶ˵ʲô
ˣʹЦһҲ̫Լˡ
Ҳʲôƾɵصˮ֮£⵹ˣ̫߿Լүĵλ̫ˡ
檱ǻȥˡʹſ˸
Ҳæˣڻʹ
ԥһ£˵š


205 
ߣһϵı飬ſڰҲ̫ļ֪Ϊֻع»Ҫٺúòһ飬ܾϡ
֪ûʲô˼ֻΪˮ飬ֻһǰԼΪλš
飬ͬˡ
Ϊôʱദ˵ʲôӣȱ˸˽⣬
һСȴûʲôļƣƽʱأһСԺʲôֱдϣ˿͸
˵ΪڣѡֱˮǸܵģҪļڵĻֱֻ˵ѡּҵķʽ
ԣͣڵĻԸ˵Ļ
ټ˵ʱ̹̹ûһ˿ģ϶ʵ
෴ڵֹԥƲҲ
Ļһ
ױȸղҪࡣ
¶һ⿵ģؿڵү˼ףҲ⣬ոȷʵǳЩżˣֻһ뵽Ѿµ̥˵ûûˣ檾絶ʰܡ
˵˵ţۿһ
ˣҲǲԼŮᣬִ˫֣ģȻֱ
֪ܣֻˣҪ뿪һЩڻᣬúӣԼܵ»ãҲǲܷ顣
֪뱧õִϧҲԸϡ
ֻ̥ûˣҲѾ˼ȶʵҪǰġ
ԣϵıԽˣ֪ү⣬иүԴСû֮󣬳ҲţҹҲţͶ̥檵Ķ
ᵽû˵磬Ҳܡ
طôÿɰ̫֮⣬۰Ļӣ˵û˾ûˣҲܡ
д뷨⣬ûйء
֮󣬿ֿںúȰ˵һĵĵȻֽչ˺֮Ŵǰ뿪

һãתԸߵŹŹ˺úòһߵūţںߵĹҲһˡ
˵ֳƬ̣õҲҪúòһ飬Ҫʱ򣬿̡
ū͸Ͻȥ졣
˷ԸŹﻹʲô׵ġ
үǸˣںڵĻأˮүܻԱԵһϷ
˵˴£ˮʧ̥ӦͬŶԣû뵽龹Ȼֱӵߵˡ
˼ˡ
һʱ䣬Źڿĵλһ㡣
ܵõΣҲһֱˡ
ˣ̫̫ͻ̫ǱߣŰɣȵ࣬ٸҲ١ֽһ䡣
ŹүΪ˲ѽ

һߣ̬һףֱӽʻ
һʣûеõء
ʱڸոպȹ̥ҩһڴϣԭɷ׵С˼֡
Ҳϻֱʵ˵ʵˮģԼºԴݺˣ
ԣһŵϲ檣ֻԸǸ˵ĻҲͰˣѵҲ𣡡
жŶС֪ôðŷգ̥£Żأ
˵˵ţ¶֮ɫҲˣӦøͬܲŶԣ檶Сûˣ檲һ𡣡
˭ףֻҧ飬õ˵ĻȻֻع
ԼҲܰȫ
ҪȻȴĽ֮֡
뵽ոպڵڷ飬һ
Ȼǳ̥ҲƫԼļϵˡ
˭˵ػãεó裬ڻǰҲҪվġ
Ϊʲô̥ѾϲûĻأ
ں޺޵롣
˵ʵҪ֪ԼƣĽ֮ǰ϶Ҫ˼һġ
ںˣݺˣпܽԼȥķգϸҲ
ţڿ޵ԽԽģԽԽѡ
ˣʱһ㶡
رǸγϡòĵģ٣ĺԼʧȥʱģ
ʼɣǲԼڣǲ˼̥ˮ
̵ģȻǿǷȫȻΡ
εࣺˣҲҪˣú̫ҽĻúúҩҪĲ˹ˮģ϶ᵽүǰΪֻһġ
˵ӦһǳҭҭллԸ檣檽εºܣõλ
ڻ˵һССƨ
˵ʵԴ֪ҪԼȥĸ֮ڶԼΪ˱סСΪ˲õϷļܣǲǡ
ܽһǾҪƭˣǾҪƭԼУҪԼƭôñء
ǽӵ쾡¡
ˣúŰɣȻȥˣʲô飬ߵū֪ͨС
ں˵ͷȻתͷվڴԵĺԸӲ㣬㣬
ԣԭܾģ뵽Լѯʺ㣬УͺúŰɣҪˡ
˵գߵ֥ں£תҡ
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206 
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207 
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ܲ𣬻ϽҪǲ檿϶˯žġ
˵ֱף̲סЦںˣˣ̤̤ʵʵ˯þˡ
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һ뵽ǵСӣ϶ĵһ˯ãûסĳҹɫټϪ߽ϽֻŹһˣԳһۣŻһЩ
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ȻҲֻежѣһֱĵݣԼݣҪԼ˿Ķҡ
˫ۣһӱסǰˣ˿ĻŵҭжŵС檲ãûϵģ˷æҪĹЩ飬ʵ̫ˡ
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208 
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209 
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ĬƬ̺ջڣүϵĴǲЩˣôҲָ̥ʧ̥塭
ȻҲڵ޴òıĻûˣĸ࣬رǿڵάе㷲
ⷬ̽
Ǿȡ
һ仰˿ûˡڵ˼
һ䣬תַԸŹŹһ̫̫̥һ£ǰϸϸĸһ̫̫֪
ŹӦȻ󽻴Աߵǰ̫䣬ת˵š
˻ĵȴ΢ɲһüͷ
ǰϸϸѵҪڻԼ֣ڶԼļޣԼ֮£Ҳһ˵̫̫֪
һʱ벻˻˼

売Ϊй
Źߺ̫̫ߵû뵽һ̥ûס
̧ڣϣɿ̥ķϣһЩֶΣû뵽ûס
ڸǸģ仰Ҳûѡ̥סԼС
ֱ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǰø̾Ϣһתͷο̫̫Ӹ˵ĶˣԼϧ̥Ҳû취顣
̫̫һ۵ҾǾЩϧ󹬳ĻãԽˡ
Ȼ֪̫̫˼֪Ĳ⻹Թ̫
ټ󹬳Ļ̫٣ִδϹ̥ĴȻҲͳĴ
Ӷˣүϥʮ磬Ҹӱүֵ׳꣬費֪պ󻹻иİء
˵󰢸Ѿ飬˵һգӾҪˡЦżο
˻̫̫Ȼ
̲סл˵Ǹõģͷβʲôûݺҵû뵽ڻɵµЩ飬Ī˵Ҳ֪м棬мǼ١
ԣҲһ꣺ūҲû뵽ء
Ǽڼģ˹˹ģû뵽Ȼɱ˫ۣ´˵顣
ڵ⻹治˵
Ϊ󹬵ˣȻΪǰ㿴ơ
ƾŰ¹Ůݣڵ֮һŮˣڿǰһĻֶο϶ٲˡ
ԣҲ֪̫̫˼ǶԵġ
ſڵ飬Ҫȫү̬ȡ
˵˵ȥֲ׽Ӱû֤ݵ飬һȫʵ۵Ρ
ʵ㣬͸ûϵʵ۲㣬ʲôûҲסʵ۶Ĳ֮ġ
ʵӦġĩˣ̫̫˵һ䡣
Щ̬꣬Σǿģټϵ⼸ΪʼҵµĻò٣Ҳûеġ
õ˵ͷ̫̫⻰š
ֻʵ


210 
ڵߣ㽫ǰ˵˸š
ȻΪ˵棬ûȫгرйΪԼԹޣ̥顣
ֻ˵ʼɣɨСŮڸǰ˵ȥĸӣ˾ţѡŪ̥
󣬶ʱʤ꣬ΪڴĻǵƣҲΪڵ޴ϡͿ˵
ֱ˲š
أ˱꼰ĳ㣬˵汳
Ҫܳ裬رѡúõ£˵ɻȥóˡ
Ͼ̥ں󹬵Ҫԣ֪˭뵽ڻΪСŮֱӶԼ̥ء
϶뵽˵ͬء
ְһգҺ࣬һס
ҪȻҪıõһӡ

á
κ鲻ŭĵһصԼסûѹסĻֱˤһϺõľҤյ
оԼ̫ˣ
ʧ̥˵ֵºòԱ󽫣ǣУֱӳöӡ
νܵˣ
⻹㣬һ뵽Ϊ֪Լ¾飬˻֮µģһͷۡ
֥˵үű𣿡üģķҵؿԵ֥
֥Ƭ̣صү˵𡣡
ʵҲ֪ү˻ûš
ү˵˵ζڵĿݣñܾмֲ̤ʵ
Ҫ˵ӦںͬʱܵطŶԣƫƫģطˣھЩš
ֻǽһѡ
õЩ벻׿ͼ
⡭֥Ҳˡ
ǲΪʲôԭүһءӲҪˣڽվãүӡ󲻴˵յ֣үŶ֮ġ
˵ˣʵδֻ֣СŮǰѡڲ޴ǸˣҪȥĸӵЩΪ˱סԼС̥ľٶˣԴݺóˡ
һ׮׮һ飬һǷүļɻ䣬ū˵үûֱӴѾǸ⿪
ڣЩǰɾЩС׼ףүԸһ棬Ҳǲܵ顣
֥һ⣬õɫһЩ
ʱֻһͿһ£¿Ϊ飬˽٣ǵòʧˡ
ֿ֥ѯʵˣӦǱߣպӴô죿
Ѿ֪˵࣬ҪټߵĻǸȷء
ͱһΣĻԹڣõѪȫһ
ԣպ϶ǲܼߵģҪȻ֮󻹲֪ᷢʲôء
˻Ҳ˳˼
Ҳ֪ǸʱըֻǿڱΪھ飬ģҪڹĻֻԵ飬ݲڡ
ڵ飬ֻȻһ˵
ǱվɰɣԸȥҲùΪΪӦͿóԺúȵźŰɣԺ󣬱д㣬ڿɲ˵졣
ڵı湦ҪãԺʲô飬Ҫȥ˵
ūӵ˼֥
ÿԼͻݴȣûΪ£ڣԼ˶ѡ
ţǵ̾һҲ֪Ź̫̫ǰλ㱨µģ
⼸һֱֲҲûʲôͼɻ䣬̫̫󲻻ġ֥ڿ
룬Ҳֻˡ
ͻ飬һӴеļƻı㣬һֱŲ˵ܾЩ飬һƿء
ο˵άû̥ȥҲͰˣһʱ侹Ȼ뵽й
öжѽ
һõǣͬʱһУԼ񲻹ˣ˶ܻΪģÿԽء
ҲԽ˿Դ˵Ĳ֮ͬ
ʱͻȻðһ뷨˵Ÿ񱧸̫Σ
ԣ֥ʱһôͻȻ뷨
ڵϥ£ֻܹоŸʮλС񣬶ʮһֱĲ̫ã˵Ÿǲġ
ڵȴ뽫Ÿ񱧸̫һʮȥˣʱԼϥ¿Ůûˡ
ڽ͵̫尢磬ǰʱ䲻ȥ˰鷿Ȼ̫ʱ䣬ţ̫ϥ¿飬й¼ţ籾ԼŸ񱧸̫ҲþŸ汾ڻ̫ǰТģлϥ¡
ɺã
û˵ǣΪԼģ̫̫ͻ̫϶߿һ۲˵˵ҲΪ¶ˡ
һ̫̫ͻ̫ɽϥûлӣںҲС
Ǹһõĺ£ʱҲǡʡ
⡭֥һʱԡ
ȷʵŸͣ͵̫ܰԼ࣬ҲȹԼӵλ
Ҫǣܸ̫̫ͻ̫Ϲϵλڸˡ
⹬˭֪̫̫ͻ̫һģֻҪ̫ˣ̫̫϶ҲŸˡ
һ룬֥ȻԼǰδеĺá
⵹ǲֻ𣬾Ÿ굽ֻ꣬ճӵʱ򡣡
̾ϢһҲҪãѾֵزҪٲ㷨ӣŤת̫үԱӡ̬ȣȴģ֪ʲô³ء
λϥһӣʱˣλȣ˵ﻹ֪ж˫۾ʱ̶뽫λء
ڵĶ˵ǰͦʵֵģԴӸ˶˵ʮ֮󣬲ҲԻ񣬵ԼԼλ
ڲټԴȥˡ
ֻ֥Ҫ˱á
˵ͷѾˣٹЩӣҵʱ΢̫һᣬȿһ˼ҵķӦֻҪ̫ͷͬˣү϶ûĵ
Ҳܽǰõİ취

ڵ֮󣬿Ӽصµӡ
ºȹһյݴˮ֮һ߷ĲյһڲŹŹôЩ겻֮£׸ûйϵ
⡭Źʱˡ
˵ʵڶԿԴ̬ȣе硣
˵Ҫǻɰɣͬǰǰɫ˵һ
Ҫ˵ɰɣȴʳֻڶԴӦϣĿ
ԣŹҲе²Եױʲô뷨
ֻЦǺǵ飬ūҺҲ²⣬ֻ̫ԶҲòˡ
ǰҲòˡһ䡣
˵ʵ⼸¼ϵĴ࣬Ҳ٣¼ȷʵδйУ֮£ŶԵġ
ҲȷʵŹ˵ǰ㣬ʱ̫ԶѾûвıҪˡ


211 
ܿ죬һյĹй̥֮µ࣬ڳ԰ɼ䴫ˡ
ͬһ֪ϢҲһ㵺꣬ôҲû뵽Ȼ档
ȻԲɵΪΪ˰űһĻѻάˡ
Ҫ˵ĻصǱ߶ȥ̫̫ǹˡ
ԣڴµʵԣɻǺŵġ
ɾΪţǲŸڵ̫ˡС͸ҲͰˣȻΪ˱ûȱ˶أԼȲڵ̥
ֱ޲ɼ
ˣŵҪȥĸӵ飬Щǵϡ
ϾƽӡҲƣٸ˺էһ´£Щš
ƽﲻԲ죬û뵽һ־ǴУؼǻɹˣ
ȻӦǾ䡮˲òຣˮɶϻ
Ȼǿ˵ЦʹЩλɡ
ʧ˺òı̥һʧֵµɽ˵Īˡ
ô⡢ޣˣȴˤôĸͷôĿ˯ζЦѡ
ر϶ͷԴӵϢ֮۽ǵЦûֹͣ
տ˳۵ʮһ磬ڿŶ˳˲٣ֱԼŪ˺ôһ
ɼùĸˡ
ʹأ˵ͬʱҲڸ١߶ţүǸ棬û˴ΪԹޣ´˵ġ
١һߵյ裬ݵʹһ߿ڵֲ׽Ӱû֤ݵ飬үǲš
˵ˣүǰĴǣ϶ͻˣС飬׺үĵλ
ʹͷ˿ڲˮпҲǣҪȻҲһ٣ٶıƣĵʧүΡ
˵꣬ʹɻүᷣڣЩԤϣ˵үǲҲȫȻŵѽ
ҪȻᷣ飬㲻ˡ
١ֳ¿ɲ˵ү飬⡣
ʹүҪĻɵͺˡĻͿԽһжˡ
˻١ȴȰū˵ãҪıųɣЩ궼ˣҲһʱġ
ʹ̾ô˵ɱӣҲ֪֪ܳŶأҪǱŵʱ򶼰첻ǵȱȥˣõֶǾ͸ѳɹˡ
١Ҳֻܸ̾һ
֪ʹ˵ЩЩۻʹϧŲӣΪı
ȻˣӲŸӦ壬ϸʮ꣬ȶСܶһ˲С
⻰ʹȥˣͷ϶ġ

֮¹ȥûãʱܿ£ۼѽڼ٣´˻Ͻǵּ⡣
û죬һʰ׵ݷݱƺƵʼ̡
գһعɣǰ¡ӭ̫̫ͻ̫ĳݡ
ʱֵȻûļȣ̫ǻյټһ·۳Ͷ٣ĸ
¸ȸλ֮ȥ̫̫ͻ̫й
һͨѵʱڻصѾõ鹬
֮ǰ֮ҺС˳ͽӵݼعϢѾǰվͿʼ׼ˡ
ԣһصϴԡһȻ󽫱õʳһһ
ȷʵۺˣڳԱ֮ȥ޵ЪϢ
̫粻˵ɼػصڣټվ̫͸λɺѣһ˫ȶ첻Լˡ
һ˯ذ㶼ûãм֮ҽһΣֻ֮ת˯ȥˡ
峿˯Ժ֮ʣٴαѩѣӸˣҪ밲ء
¶ʱһ룬ź֪Ѳڳ԰ѾعԺҪָÿոλ밲ˡ
ٵϴױһǰոŻɫװ֮Ŵѩš
ʵǰѾ鹬Ĵɼһ档
ֻǻȥǾʹһ˲õϢ͹Ӧڳ԰ʱ̥ΪڣȴΪݺˣԼ̥º󻹱˳ֱӱΪˣ乬
Ϣ֮ɶʱһ
һǾ鲻˼飬أǸ̾˵ʥ費˥ȻܵõΡ
ԣ鹬ɱȴ˵Ȼλúõ׽˵һվҪ˼ҵͷϡ
ʱ£鹬һϤݣ֮ҪЦˣλɺܿ
˵ʵжʱûɣ¸տʼе㲻Ӧ˵̬ȣں̬ܿҲܹ̹Ȼ֮
µĻعɿȥܿģܸˣϸѯ飬˵ջҪ飬߶ȱʲôֻڣҪ֮Ļ
һλͻݴȣְ𣬱ֵ쾡£ְ
֮ȻҲлҳ֮䣬ȴⲻһ޵̽
ЩҲװԭһʱ䲻ڹʥŨѳλŻ˼еıֳⷬٶ
Ҳⰲɵ뷨ԼΪãȴסţһǸͷ̫ĲأǸλﶼҪ˼˼
ҲףֻҪɲ۶ӣάֱϵĺгԼҲԸԹĺñλ档
һ̽ɼ˻һҲһ
ʱδ˶˲֮ģλſˡ
һ磬̽ǽʾãȻ˳ʾһԼλȨ
̽Ľ˻壬֮ǰڵ飬ҲûǰѳĿ
ԣԽ˵ϵЦҲԽ


밲󣬹Сť»޵ױ̨ǰһù˲жͷϵľͷΣһ߸ԼĴŮлû뵽ڳ԰ˤôһͷ
ֻȥûգֻյһϸĹȴ֪
Щɻع֪ģ֪ҲѾ֪ˡ
ЦŻص϶ˡ
ҲЦˣǿɲ˳˳ˮô꣬ɴûôݵĸͷ¼϶һ˽ȥҲǸ˰
񣬵߿һֶûˣ¼ҹһ˵ϥ»ûлӣܱQ졣
ǹ˵顣
ٵǿ϶ѽҪȻƽҲֻ˵˼仰ү˵ͷƽһµ㡣
λ̫ӵĸˣ˷
˵ʵҪҸ˵汳ģпܳɹƫƫ񲻺õʥŨģֱϵ
ԣҲпҺֻǸˣ滹̫̫𿴲˳۵ĴѹţҪȻϵĵó裬ڿ϶ֹ֮λ˵λѾϡ
ٵȵպλϣҪɵˡ
ٿӾ̫ˣӹ˵λǲȼأϾϵģˣ˿Ǵδйء
ûм޹ѵģǰλݵġ
Ȼ˵үأ˭˵׼أҪܲ˶ãҪһնˣүĳ谮˵ɲʲô¡
ٵ˵ͷ⵹ģֻϣպǳҪ˶ϡ


212 
´밲ù֮󣬱Ӽ찲졣
Դȥ˳԰ׯǱߵһӦ飬ȫȨ찲
찲һ˵عȻܹ㱨顣
˳ׯϵׯڳһֱǰЩӣūŻרȥһۣҪǽү㣬ճӦò
µ˵ͷϲֺϢҲ찲˵Ľүʲô˼
ֻҪյʱ꣬ճָҪյʱ꣬һоͲ˵ˣִүͷԵˣʳûս֮ǰʲô鶼˵׼
ׯǱߵˡ
˵꣬±ѩʹ˸ɫѩ⣬ȡȥˡ
ֻû뵽ѩûȡأ찲ȴóһСƱ
̩;¥µķֺ죬һֱڹУūűһֱæţӻˣūűֱӴ˹ӹĿ
˵ŻǰĽƱŵǰϡ
ַһƱ´󾪣ôôࣿ
߰ٶء
ǰʱ²ӣ£ȴ߰ٶ˵ʵе㳬Ԥϡ
찲͵֪£ǷʱƹӦϣʱˣѾֹֻӣ¥һЩƷҲһ˻˷ƣһɱ֮ǰ˲ء
ԭˡµû뵽̩;¥ĺͣͦ۹⣬ھ֪ͨˡ
ҲǣȥʱֻĶޣĺ뷨ҲɸΪ֮
ɽͲͬˣΪԼׯӣ˲ĶķܴӦ¥Ǳߡ
³Ƭ̣ڵһŷ˵˵ģ񸣸дйڷƷȻ󽻸ĺͣҲǾҵһౡ֮ɡ
һôֺ죬ȴֻṩе֣ⷽһĺ͡
ЩƷָ㣬㶼ѳ죬ǿùһãҲΪ̩;¥²Ʒɡ
˻찲ʱ˲ѣūžƹлˡ
˵⼸ĲƷ̩;¥һ¥˵պֻá
£Ȼѩȡ»ǴһƱУһŰƱ͸찲֡
ΪҪ찲ţ˵߰ʮҲһõĵһҪŲҪūźƭˡ
һ棬찲һĲʲô飬ŵĲ˵޾ϸ
Ƿġ
ԣֹ£ʱ鱶泩찲ߺһ˱ߵĹÿӡ
ǲƴֵӣҲû˭ˡ
ͬʱأﻹţǲǿЩǮһЩػš
ϾǮһֱģأǻģÿ껹µ档
ʱһһȥպû»ã߬ŴѵǮԺҲ϶̵š

գ¿ʼӦ˹ࡣ
ڵٽԸ񸣿˸ϵ±һַָߵĹ˳ԣһڽͬԼõɡ
һΪ˺ͬס԰֣ѩ׼һȥӴ⹬
ͶұҲܿһݽ
Ϊ˱߶ϵԴ񣬹һͬлһ硣
ʵһֱͦϲģһѧ֮ദʱһЩϲ޼ĸꡣ
Բ˴ţ»ͦ˵ġ

һգ²μϵ硣
ֻǼϣȴһ˲õĴ£ڽŸ񱧸̫
̫󲻽Ӧˣܸ˵Ŀ˼Т˳Ļ
̫˸ˣ뵽尢ȥ˰ּ鷿ԭ򣬲ܼڻ̫߳лϥ£ҲֱĬ˴¡
ڳɣǱϢֱӵˡ
Ǳи׳нֱ߬˫֡
ԭ尢ڻ̫ǰҲ࣬ڻ̫ǰ档
ȴΪŸ񱧸̫尢ĴԵмΡ
Ͼ尢Ϊ飬ʱ̫ңڵǳ׼ʱһӡ
β
Ӧ˵ˣҪǼţ˵ᵱʧ̬
ʹҲû뵽ͻȻһ壬ȻΪȹԼĵλֱѡӻ̫֡
ҪǣȻõɹˣֱһֲ
ϧľѳֹۣҲѾ
οϣп̫濴ţҲ˵ʲôʱ˵Ļ˼λˡ
ɣҲɫ
˾õӾǶ࣬ǰ֣žͽԼϥµľŸƳ̫ø֦
ֱΪԼٻ͵λ伫Ů飬ó
˾õһߵĺܺãֻһŸ񣬾ͻ̫Ϳ࿴棬ȷʵһõĺð취
ҵʱյĺܺã尢粻ڻ̫ߣ̫ʱ򣬾ŸÿԳ룬հס
ԣ̫Ϊ¸ˣȻⲻЩῴɫɣһ𸽺ͣ޵ʶ壬Т˳Ļ
һʱ䣬磬ҲЦڣõĻʹ˳⡣
ȻҲͶȥ޵Ŀ⡣
˭֪ںڵ飬ٸλеϵʧˣҲλµġ
ڵ˻̫ټ̫̫ԭͶһպкϷˡ
˵õ῿ϵ̫ǰλҩء
ɰš

Ϲ֮ѩ̲סĵӣļ̫ˣԺô죿
µô죬Űɣ̫ŲǶµˣӦòǰѵ
ӵʧϣܿһ̫ͷβûв֣˵̫̫Ӳһ
Ըɣļ̫ū澻ǻϡ
ں󹬴ô꣬Ǹʲôˣѩû
ر꣬Լó裬Щλ֮ĽӴ֮ӾãܲϱֳǰᣬǸĻ֮ˡ
Լͬλ֮ѩµתͷԸԼӡ
Ҳϣرλպǻ̫֮𣬿飬Ҳ־Ϊתƣ벻ϾͲϵģֻһһ
պСĽһ㣬ǲдġ
㿴λǰøʧƣȴתͷð취Լ˵ΪԼѰһĿɽ
бɿǸ׶ԸǣͲһܹȵġ
ɼλƾŰ¹Ůݣڵλ㲻ʲô֮Ļֶο϶һȱ
϶ֱѹˡ


213 
һصǬʹһţһ̲סС˵
ߵĴŮϽȰѾǭ¿ҪȻҲⷨӣȹԼĵλ
ʱ١ִӲӭʹɫѿ²ǹϷʲôõ顣
ת㣬ʵǷ˺£
ϣҪŸ񱧸̫үͻ̫ͬˡ
⡭
١Ҳû뵽ֻһι磬Ȼ飬Ҳ֪ʹΪʲôʱɫѿˡ
١ֱҲϽȰ˵ĶԣӿɲΪ飬ԸӣҪ˵ĻҪˡ
֪ǻ̲סʹ
ӸҪ뿪ЩŶԣ˵þ뷨
˵Ż١ָϽǰȻƵʹ̧˫֣ᰴŻʹļҲɿɿ졣
ʹ˫ۣԼƽ˳
ԭಡҲ١ֺȰҪԭ
»ʹոõ壬Ϊһʱٲˣǿǵòʧˡ
١ֵӦöôһ룬Ÿ񱧸̫ϥֻһʮһʮСȥˣʱ޵ʱء
˻ʹ飬ںôһ

﹬ص֮ҲͬʹһòУֻƢһЩֱһصĴ
УձһҪȥٹһˣ̫˵һ˵
˵ͻ̫Ѿͬˣ黹δһ̣˭Ҳ˵׼Σ
ȴһĵӸ̫˵ʲô
ѵ˵̫ͬŸ˵Ȼǲеġ
Ϻ̫Ѿͬ˵飬ԼʲôȨԺء
һô죬ѵɵڱͷϣĿľŸ񣬴˱尢硣
ʵڲУʵڲУͽСţСʮһ̫
˵Խܻڲ
𣿡
˻ʱ˵ˡ
尢Ϊѣű˻̫
ʱ򣬺󹬻ýزۡ󰢸类ͳڴ󳼼Ը̫ӣİɻʹ
ټʱĹأĸԸԼİ磬û̫尢ľΪ˽尢ڹҲʱһ档
ˣΪԸ尢磬һ쳤Ҳͷһ׮¡
ԣھٲϲʮһ磬Ҳδʮһ籧˸˵ⷬҲΪ˵Եʡ
ҪжˣǾŰ磬ʮһ磬е᲻á
ľΪһ㣬Ż˵仰ġ
尢ȥ˰Լ᲻þŰʮһ磬˵ʵǻֹ˵Ÿ񱧸̫
˵ЩҲֻѡ
ɾΪΪŸñһа𷢲

գδʼжȥٹѰ̫˵Ҳҹζ࣬䣬һͱžŸ񣬴źŸһڹˣֱ˻̫סٹ
ֱӽʵ
̫û뵽˸ɾ䣬ǰò˵˴£˿ĽŸ˹
ѩɰľŸĽᣬ̫ĶŻˣԼȵĲˡ
˵ʵ˻ֵ̫λ˶ˣĸҲˣΪ裬ԵõȤһЩҲӵʱ򣬲оȤ
ֻ˭ĺ˭ۣԼӵɣһҲ̫Ըͳȥñ
ֲ̫ǸǿѵӣԴ尢֮󣬻̫Ҳû磬أʵǺи߸ġ
ڵ𣬻̫ǴͷˣԵҲպɫ֡
ˣҲһ˵̫мϲŸġ
һŸ񱧸̫ĿģҲһ롣
̫ҲãθһСͦãĻȵ꣬ҪȥҪȥ鷿飬Կϸ涨һʮ죬һļڣ鲻κεʱ䣬̫š
ɹͲһˣڴ֮ǰסٿ
ԣθŸ񣬻̫󲻽ʲôּɵġ
ټϵܻ˵˵ʮԴಡľʮϣھŸȻûжľտˣͷڣŽŸ֮Ļ
̫Ȼá
ټϾŸȷʵɿɰȻϲ˼֡
ҲԼŸ

ٹ߷һУܿӵϢǷһͨ
õǸŸɣ߻ûȥٹأȲıžŸȥˣǺԼǹġ
ǣѾľѳۣҲˡ
ŮպͲҲȰȰϽһ֮£ܵٹ˵ʲô˵Ļ
޷ֻԼڣ˷Ƣǰȥٹһ̫飬϶ǲ֮ˡ

͹
֥һ˵ضϺȲĵڵӶѸ٣ǻûӦʱ򣬾һŸȥ˻̫Щ͹õɣָء
ԱߵҲŸ͵ǿ϶ģһߵȷʵ֥ûһ˵£ɫˣ޲Ҫһ㡣
лʹɫҲÿȥȥ֮󣬻ָôǲӣܲˡ
ԴӾŸȥٹ͹һɨ֮ǰʱо˲١
ЩȻΪ߾Ÿ񣬶мֲ飬һЩ
ǰεĿģѾһһﵽ𣬻ʲôźġ
ȻѾûʲôúڵġ
΢΢һЦ˵ĶԣˣֻǾŸߣЩϰ߰ˣһǱҪߵģ֮ǰʱǻ֪ôЦء
һ뵽ʹɫʱоˬ˲١
֥΢̵ǰںˣָԼ޹ôء
Ҳŵ˵ͷ֥ͬĻ
ֻǸ˹󣬵Ƕǣǳȥʱ򣬻Ҫ͵һЩҪñΪ͹˻̫֦ſˣ֪𡣡
ĸϽڱ֤Ӿǲ˵ūҲߵʱ򣬿϶ģӷģū澾ͽӵķԸȥ
˵ͷ
ҲĹˣΪýŸ̫´󼪣ʧԭĵ͵֮ģһ
лʹˣΪ£϶ŭָڰţôץ͹Сء
ر˵ˬ˵Ṇ̀һţھŸ尢λã֪ʲôء
ԣСŵãС޴ġ


214 
֥˵Ÿ֮󣬵ϵĲյֺڲˮ
ʱ뵽һ£ˣӦǱˣ
ԴϴӦλ˼֮󣬵ѾδˡعӦһҲûټ档
Ļصū±ߵū˵Ӧˡ
Ŷһ죺˺β̫ҽιˣ
ǵûСҡҡͷ
ӦڵĴ֮ߵĹ˾ȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽǱԸԸһء
Ƭ̣Ը̫ҽɣǼոչȥҪĳʲô£˵Ҫ˵죬˵ʲôǱ⺦֮Ļ
һעȻϣ˵졣
ңϵչȥûãӦҪڹϳ£󹬻֪ôء
οв֪˫۾͹ߣѰ˴
Ը⿴ľ档
Ҳ׵ĹǣϽӦӵ˼ūףӷıǣū澽һ̫ҽԺ϶Ӧڳµġ
׾ͺãҲūţҪӦ
ǡ֥Ӧ
ʵҲԭģҲӦ˵ȥ˵ĺݲߵ»ãŶֽš
ӦʧƣҪǺúŴӦպĽͱ˳ȥʱв侮ʯڣԻΪ˵˵˵ӦǶ𱨡
һҲǴӴУϴˢһЩɡ
ԣڵֻδѶѣֻӣҲûʲôԡ
Ժ󣬵ʧںУ˭ע⵽һʧĴӦֵء

ӵϢĻʹʱҲ̲סԵ١߶ҲǹõģȻ׵õóˡ
ԭΪǲԿӣôҲֵһõ׳ɹ
˭֪Ȼãһغ϶ûгͰܵһͿء
ϹЩ꣬ڻ̫ǰЩ湦
١Ȱ˵ʹ飬ӾͲҪˣԸӣֵģŸ񱧸̫︧ҲȥԲԣ
֪ѾٶҲãõȵ⼸ɣպܵġ
ϥûа磬ֻһʮԼܵ⼸졣
١ЦͶˣλϥ²ûа磬ļҲ˸Ļ䣬Ӹʲôֻܵſˡ
˵ǡ

鹬
ѩҲڸԼŴ£ֻ̾һû뵽ĶȻ֮졣
һߵͷһĹ𻨸⣬һ߻ػϣֲû񡣡
Ǻ޲ý̻һ㡣
˵ｫ½ˣŶѸٵġ
һȻΪأ̫Ͼ尢ô꣬ٹǱߣмġ
˵Ҫȥٹ˵һ˵£̫᲻⣬˵Ҫĺһ㣬ֱӽŰʮһеһС磬̫Ľô
ѩʱһӵļ軹ͦеģֲõȲĽŸһ˹ȥأǷ︪׳нĺء
µ˵ͷ
Ӧ˵ֹĺѽǻʹɣҲһء
ںˣľѳۣƻƻˣõѽ
ǣ϶ѻʹ
ΪҲˣУͬԹľǻʹλλɡ
ϴеڣҲ
ڳ˴£Ŀ϶ҲǶˣҪ˵˾٣þŸȡ尢磬Źء
ȻԵĴ϶ҲóѵģͱڣһŸȥٹ޼ƿʩ
ЩûʲôϵƽȥŵϢҲʲô鶼ڹ׼

ܿ죬Ҳ֪˴£Ҳ͸һ̾һѸ٣ȻһĽʹ
ڱ˻ûüӦͶʱ򣬾Ƚʵˣ뱳߸Сܡ
ֱͷˡ
ʼһ̫Ÿ飬͹͵쳣͵Ҳʼ𣬽ȡ
ʱܿ£¾ڣСť»԰ٰ;硣
̫ͺȻμӡ
һգǬ幬ͬٹٺ͸λүʫ֮Ҳ;ֳ
̫˾ջƣͬһ𣬵϶ɽͤǸԶ
Ȼ̫Ϊ岻ܾóţѾǰ볡̫֮󣬿ȴãͬһֱ˰ɢȥ
һƣĻصʱȻڡ
һſԸãͿΪΪʹˣһأǰȥԡϴҲϴȥһƣ㰲Ъޡ
ǵɽðɣɽҲɽģڶԼȽģ᲻
ϴһˬˮ֮ŸоһЩȻ£˱ѡ
ҹǺģټϻ̿ȡůʱڵ¶ȣҲûʲô
ڱů͹ı·һ̾Ϊ̫ۣܿԺ˯˹ȥ
ֻǻû˯ŶأͱͻѹȣֱӸѹˡ
Եɵɵ˯ۣŵʵĵƻ𣬺ֱӾͶ˿һ˫üЦա
ܶͳһֱĴԺɳƣᰲҹԵøˡ
ϧЩԵŨ¡
ֻһ䣺Ŷǻϰԣڿ϶Ρ
˵꣬۾һգּѰܹȥˡ
Ժʱ͵ЦȻּܶޣˡ
Σ۾ûֱ֪֪ǻ˰ֻ˯Ը·Լ齰ɣ檾Ͳˡ
˵գּԵ˯˹ȥ
ھôû˯Ҫ
˵ڵܶˡ
ʱ˿̣һС
󣬿ֻΪĺŹ˷¡
ŹһߴǰǰſϴһĿһ޵˿յᣣһ˿Ҳޡ
Ź²⣬ǻ˯ء
ﻹǰզࣺүûýأôүء
ţºоıҪ
һʰ׵»һµĿԸ齡
һѣӣ˹ոﻹмƵĿоˬ
ڸոյƣǲڵġ
ڣܶӦһ죬ֻ̫˶ѣ϶ΪŲġ
ΪѰɿѡ


215 
ʵĵƹУؿ˯գ¶һĨ˵Цݡ
̲סָ֣ġüĿ续üۣܶ޵Сܶ㵽ʲôħô޶˵أǲǸ˹ƣ޶㡭
˵꣬΢΢򴽣ûסẬסĴǡ
Ȼֻǳֹȴȵ
ľԼħ͵ҲͰˣֻһ˼򵥵ǣȻӿ졣
⻹㣬Ȼ쳣㣬쳣ۣǸʲô
϶Լ
аһԼգʼԼհǲǾջƺȶˣŻַľٶ
ҹķҪ鹬˵Լ˳ղ
ɹؼǣֻ֪ܶ˯һ˻ôࡣ
ֱˡ
ϡԺ˶ˣֻ޹ǵָܷܷܲʵ
𣬱ܶԭ̵࣬ϲŮӻ㣬ܵס
أȻǾܾģȴԵôôӭܣô˸档
ȻŮӸӵẰ
ϡڶƣ
ܶܵס૳
һȻ˵ľٶȴӭܵ
˯УֻԼ󣬾Ȼ쳣Ķſ֡
Ǵ󵨵ĳ̶ȣֱˡ
ֱѣ鶯Ŀź֪֪Ρ
ֻ鵽ڣͣ¿϶ǲͣµģҪȻǳ˲εŮ
ԣҲֻӲͷƤˡ
º󣬿ЦЦζѾѹµܶɵҪ޸𡣡
ԣһС죬΢΢СǷһߵСԴģģֻҪԸ⣬Ըÿ϶Իϸ𡣡
˴ԲѵĻʱ̲סЦˣܶá
ǵȻ㿡ӣĸŮӲϲĸŮӲϣ˩ߡ
˵Żָ򢴦ǳŨŨζ
һ˫Ȼʮжͷֺܲͨͨ
ǵģϲԼĶܾʱԼԼȴ쳣ϲָоϲȻԼʱģΣȴ԰Ρ
ܶǱòãȻǾܾȴԵ
ã֪ϲĽӡһǣȻ૳Ļԡ
ŴѵĿڣԣϲĽܶٶ޵𣿡
ϲֿܣﻹôһΡ
ðһ㶼á²ٵˮУӳӰ
Ȼ˵ƲֻһƼʲôأңֻĻϣ檵ĸҲֻϲϣôϵأϾͰ롣
ܶ
ǧҲܶո˵⼸黰Ķѡ
ʲô˵ܸܵ϶檵ϲѾ֪㡣
˵꣬ȥ
̵סܿ죬ֳղһȥˡ

գˬĴ
ˣŹһ󰵰զࡣ
ôԽԽãԼүôء
һǸ
Ϊÿδ뿪үݹȣ˵ľŶ֮ǰһ
أȴǡ෴ÿο޾ɣǸү෴
ʱǿү£źǷһû˯ѵӡ
˵ү˾ʲôء
ڹţʱͻȻԵŹ㰵ʾһµµˣǸ˵ĸһɡ
츸˽⣬һεʱҲרŲһ£츸Ȼһ㣬ײ֮ˡ
Ϊ˵ĸףĹټǵһЩھһҲ޴󰭡
һڼ΢˵Ҳһֱá
ҪǣϲˣȴΪԭ򣬼Ȳλݣֲ̫ܶҲֻһ棬͵͵΢һˡ
ķԸŹ붮Ͻصүģūſ϶°ġ
΢΢˵ͷ

ûãܿʮ£ȽҪĽա
һأʮ³ʥٽڣҲǻ̫һأʮʮİڡ
¶ڹֽգѾᳵ·Ҳǰǰ㺦£ÿζСĲˡ
һ࣬Ҳܽһ㾭飬ÿζĵ±ˡ
ʥٽڹϣ̫Ϊһʱ䣬žŸԭ򣬾񵹱źࡣ
ˣҲŸ˲ѣĵ˼ϧ֮ġ
ǲ֪Ÿ񱧸̫ǴԼ˽ģֻҪܺû̫ˣǴһ
ڵǵС˼ͱЩ΢ˡ
һ˵յС⣬磬Ϊٻá
أϥȴֻһʮ֮ǰΪӦڵǵģôãȻ㵭ȥˡ
ԣ֮ӣȥ͹õޡ
ǰڰ²⣬ǲҪʧ裬ڽӵϢ֮󣬶ʱ𾪲ѡ
أҪֶֶΣҪļļƣټЩ֪ӣץס˻ᡣ
ÿ´ģز۵߸񣬻лŵľŸʮ⼸ãɹÿְ
һʱ䣬ں󹬷ͷ
£ûСƹҲʹΪӦ֮£õ׵¡
˶ڵ¸ûа㾪ȡ
Ӧ˵ںɶΪҪʧʱʹû磬̸ֺһ˵
¿һֱǸ㿵ΪһЩԭһʱˣƾŵǷļͣЩ飬ҲλѸټ
ԴһҲֻԼ֮ǰ¶˶ѣ飬ûйʲô뷨
ֻȴĹˡ
һʱ䣬ȥ͹ߵĴͶһЩ
ڵһ裬ֱȻҲߵĶ裬ѩƽǲżŹֵġ
ȻžԼ⣬Ž˼͹Ǳ
µһֱڣ졣
ټдѵӣһ㲻ţǻŻ񸣸ֺóԵġ
Ҳ֪ǲΪ٣Ҫ촢֬ԭЩܳԡ
Ӧ˵ܳԣ⣬ֺóԵġ
ǰϲԵĶֻҪҲԵĽζ
λݵķޣʱûУȴ쳣ԵһЩҲһյĿۿѣỨЩƽȥȻԡ
ԣСӣǹÿֻܺóԺúȵĴţżһˣȥǬ幬ޣֻܽűˡ
˵żͽǣԲһҲûо
Ӧ˵һҲûϡ
Ϊڿӣû̫ϣҲ̸ĺѹ̸ʧͼʡ


216 
ʮʮ֮ʼһһ죬ϽĶ١
³ÿ峿밲֮󣬱ٳ鹬èÿֻܳԳԺȺȣϰ
ʱˣһС򷢴ĵʱ䣬Сӹĺò⡣
ټԭ̩;¥Ļķֺ죬ȻȰ·һλҪ
һԽ˵ʱԼӺ˾޴ͱϡ
룬óһǧ찲ھһׯӡ
ʳ¯ĵһ֣֮ǰѾйׯӣ»Ǽѣרһϯ棬ߵĹףһ
˵ʵԴ˴ѵӣڹҲζ
ǰһǮѵӢۺӣҲȥˡ
Ͼûӣʲô鶼Ų˵͹ˣҪ˼һҵףɲʲô顣
ͬˣ⹬ֻҪӣû򲻵첻ɵ飬ԼûеĶǹһЩϢֻҪӣ
ңԴӸƽһЩ֮һЩСϢǰͨ˲ٲ˵ӵϢٶȣҲǰ˺ܶࡣ
Ǯĺô
ӹļ죬ʱܿ컮ʮһ£ĽձеĶ
ԣһʮһ³иѾʼ׼ΪֲӸ˲֡
ߣҲı񸮽ˣȥǱ߰ææ顣
ڶǰգ°ҲڽʼλɣμӼɾһԲ迴Ϸǵ԰ѩ档
ûʱ
˶һգ¸ļ磬ʱĿ̱㿪ʼȻϴױ
մ·ΣǰЩӣ׼׵Ǽϲʽ
һʰ׵Ҫȥλ밲Ȼ֮ɰɴ鹬ǣǬʹ밲
˵ʵҲʱеĸܵλĺô
ȫм˵ȵ˵طиλÿš
ҲΪóСˣʹҲ˸ţǸǰǰ㣬ʱվŵġ
ȻʹڴŮĲ£֮
ʹıſ
֮󣬱Ǽλλɣʱ䡣
ȻΪȽϵóĹϵյ쵶Ȼࡣ
ټǰʱ䣬ڵŸ񱧸̫һֱξۻᣬǷӳԼˬֱڿص㣬ǴŵǸֿ˳ۣһ䳰ȷ
лʹbossҲԱ߳׼ʱʱʱɿ
ֻҪһһ֡
¸ʹ߹ϵһֱĲټǰʱƽΪ仰ܷˮ¼Щϵ
ɣǶû£˵ֵ̫
ǰųƽˣڴ֮Ҳࡣ
ٲݣŰ
⼸ξۻᣬ¶ȵĶ˹ȥ
ȻɵƣҲǸӣڸգȻ᲻Ӳĸܻȥ
ǽƢЩֱĻʹÿζòᡣ
Ϊ棬ֲܸܵомֱ
ʱͻȻתͷ£ȻºһЦڵôõǰԲࡣ
ԣڵͷȲ΢΢һû뵽ͻȻԼϡ
һ߷еĲյһָ̧˸ոձ˵ԲСԴȵԭⲻһ˵Ĵѽǰʱ檾͸߷̵Ĺ˵Լо˲٣ȴ˵Լ룬һ˵Ҳһ£ȷԵЩֲ̫࣬Źء
һɶʱ̿
أȴְЦɵ˵Ϊת˵ߣȴͰ͵Ľô࣬ⲻ˵Ц
ʱɫȴм΢ȴֲòЦ⣬ԭˣʵҲͦõģǰʱ򣬾̫ɲãģء
䣬ˬһЦѽĿ֣ģ񱾹Դʮһ磬ټһŰ磬ÿæĽŲմأٲģ˵ˣ㲻ˣиѽ
Ȼ⻰Ц˵ģЦȴ۵ף˼Ҳܶ࣬ûÿɲĲ˵ﰵ˵ˡ
ǣ˭ѽּĶԻ𲻵κβ
΢΢һЦ˵ǣоϻ˵ú𣬶ŮǰծծҲծһᣬ磬ⱲӲҪծøģ̫ˡ
ɣ仰ط
ʱ˵⻰ͷģ˿ɵãֱ⻰ҭ
ֱд
Ȼһó裬ſĲ֪ʲôˡ
ϵЦݶʱȥˣֻ̲ѽе˾뻹ծҲطء
ɹͷսϵĵۼԼĿĴﵽʱѾڶǰĲյװģһڡ
˶ϵ飬ѡš
²ǲ֪Ŀģǲ֪˵ʲôãͷϡ
ֱˣ
ڱϵĻʹףȻ˵⣬ʱȳˣڽлҲһЩʱʱ䲻磬Ǹõ밲ˡ
˵գ
ǡɽ
󣬻ʹһɣǰ̫̫Ĵ
Ŷ٣̫̫ЩǷȻӼɣǵΪԭֻɸĹͷ֮󣬾˳ˡ
ţʹͣȥٹסĻ̫밲
̫ӽʣһᡣ
ҼڵŸжʱδרþŸһ档
ˣǺ޵
˵ûٹԻõû̫󽫾Ÿͻظ
ϧʧܸա
̫ͷβװûĻ
Ҳ飬ûûҲǸӡ
ǣҲԽԽ˳۵ҪԭȴΪֻһʹʹˡ
ӣԼ˵
ԺѾʧ࣬ϥȴ۵أȻг谮ϥȴûһ硣
ԣҲĿŵҪԭ磬ĵȴû
̫ڵĸӼͬʹģ֮лһ˻һйڴ󰢸С֮顣
󰢸縣ϼ޹аܴ꣬󰢸ŬȴٳûлϣٲȻ˻һĲ
ڴ󰢸縣밲ʱʱʱûôһ
һ󰢸縣żˡ
Ļ̫Դ¶ţſȰ˵ĪҪż˳Ȼͺá
ȻӦĺúõģȴΪȻΪ̫ƫ̫ӣ󰢸ҪڶʱСĻ̫֮Ӵ飬ճͷǾҪ䵽ˡ
ԣ̫ĻûЧû˽ȸС


217 
͹
ӻ̫ٹ밲֮󣬵һֱһ顣
ʱͻȻڰŵģģûоЩ仯øǰе㲻һ
ϵĶ΢΢˶٣Ƭ̣һ׵ʵūûб仯ѽǰһǲӿˡ
ڵߣҲ˵棬ûʲô仯һĽ޶ˣǸǰǰ㣬һģأȴһ㲻ˣ˵ҭġ
ԣֳĬ
˵Ҳ֪ǲԼĴĴϣоôһ㲻ͬ
أӲҪ˵˵ﲻͬȴ˵Ȼ
ֻһ޵ĸоˡ
ǿڷԸϲȥ鹬Ĵһˣʲôûʲô쳣鷢Ȼ֪
ū澹ȥӦ
һʵ֪ӻʲô
صʵҲ˵ã
ⷽȴ쳣УкܶζӦֱ׼ȷԣֱȹκΣ
գϣеĲһı仯
˵ʵĵڻһͷˮȻԼӾ⣬Ҳֻܾȥˡ

ڵûɵĻɣȻһ֪
ȻصϢ֮ſʼƽš
ңһ߳ԣһ߻Աߵѩ߶Ҿ˵Լ˰ɣǻţƫ˵Ҹǰһ㿴ң˵С֮ǰԲ˺ܶࡣ
˵ǰǸΪʱǺϲԼĵġ
彿һ֮⣬Ǹݵĵطݣ̵ĵط̣һ㶼ġ
ڵãȻ˵ˣֱ̰
һԵ̫ࡢ̫õԭųСˣΪԹš
УҪʡͻȻ
أпٶȣȴûһ㺬һ˿Ҫʵ˼
ԼˣԱߵѩ֮Ҷʱ̿
˵ʵȷʵΪܳԣ֮ǰôһǿͦõģǰ̫ˡ
ˣǲŻʱһССԣֻܶ೤ѡ
˵ˣѩǿĲ֣Ӧ˵е
һ಻˵ӳٳٻϣ⻹ĪĹϵء
ԣµĳ֣Ĺ˶ּɵġ
˵Լھ೤ôһ⣬û󣬻øͿζء
һߺҪʣһȴֳԵĻ죬̲סЦ
ʳջԼסˣǿǱ˭ء
ںһɫζȫС⽣ֳС֮ͣס죬еĿӡ
Ա㣬ʱãʲô飬Ժ˵ɣڶ˵ʵЩ̫ѡ
ţʳ֮󣬱ȥڵϢ
Ƕ粻ҪæҪμǬ幬ٰĹ磬ҪϽ򣬺úϢһ

ڣϲոմ鹬ߴй˵Ϣ
ֻ꣬ȴ΢΢üͷ
°룬ϲϢȷʵûʲôĵطߵĹ£Ҳ֮
ѵ˲ɣ
˻֣ϲ¡
ܷ˰ɡĵ
ȴҡҡͷǽջҪ˼棬ʱ򱾹㣬ַģ۲ŵˣʲôףܾЩطԾ
ֻõ˵ͷǺðɣȻ˵ū澱עŵ㡣
šǺԼжġ

磬־һǬ幬¥˼ϷȻڻʹĴ¥Ǭ幬еȺŶ翪ʼ
ԼλϣΪ绹ûʽʼͬ׵Ĳ˵˵С
ˣͬԼɣһûһţ۾ȴʱʱſڣȴſ
Ե˻ǰ̫һֻͣŻ̫߽˴
ⳡ磬̫̫󵽵׻Ϊԭûǰ
ȿŻ̫£Լ֮ſ
Ϊæµ飬ԴżƣԱֻ򵥵˵˼䳡滰ʽʼ
׼õĳŹˣʼ½½ϲƷƹܹ͢ϷݳƽҲʼϳݡ
ʱŹǰϣһ֪ΪΣʱоһζ˱Ƕ
ȻζǺأǸоθܲһֶµĳ嶯
¾ѹŻµĳ嶯Լڹʲôʱ˵ľٶ
ֻųŹһ۲˳ֶ֮ĵĸоʱǿࡣ
ֻϵ꣬ϽΪԼһӳ˿ԵѹѹθĲʡ
ͬʱڵסŻ£Ըоôһ㡣
ֻɫȴмֲá
µ쳣ܿͱ׵Ĳ
һ߼ųƽĹ˳Ϸһӣʵ岻
ҲѧŲ˵ӣ߲˲ӣ˵ľһЩ֮Сصôһ㣬ԴϵĲƷ֮󣬾һַĵĸо
˻˫΢·뵽ʲôȻ´һµĸСԼĲ²˵˳ǲˣ
ԣ¸ϽҡҡͷһЦôܣϸ»أɱ˵Цˡ
ĻˣҲôзӦ˵ûлϣԲ˵Ĳ²⣬ǲܵ顣
ԭԴ˼ʧֵҪʵڲ̰ɣȻȥ̫֮ҽúһơ
΢΢˵ͷҲֻˡ
˵£ָ壬װģĿϷ
ڳڴɵĿ⣬ۼƽ𳪵ϷĿͻ̫ϣעºͲ˲ࡣ
֮һǿѹθĲʣһߺϵĲˮ߳ǰϸȤĲƷתһԼע
ֻһôѹסʱ
һĻȻһЩ˵
ϣһ߸ԵĻ̫˵Żһ߲źۼʱʱɨɡ
տʼʱûע⵽ĲʣֻǴˣôһα
ˣ΢΢üͷ
Ҳδ룬ֻΪǲǳʲôóԵĶŻ㡣
±ţǲӦùȥ鹬һϾΪæ飬ȷʵҲкüδȥ鹬ˡ


218 
һص͹ԼڹϿһĻ˵֪
˵ڹϸŻϴžȵ
ĵ˵ͷǵģӣʱûƼڹϣֹһεŻĶȻÿЩС֮ǰСڵţǱūƼˡ
֮ǰͽʱʱעŵˡ
Դһ棬һ˫۾һֱڰ۲˵һһ
˵ʵ֮ǰʱĸоǵˣΪʱ¥ϿϷʱȫֵ̱ûһ˿쳣
ɵڹϣǲͬѰһĻ֮󣬾ҲûǾԼ̫ȼ֮ˡ
뵽̲סԼĲ²˵˳˵ǲḁ̊́
Ƭ̣ŻصпܣҲ˵׼
ʵ˵ڹϸŻ֮Ҳ²⡣
ֻûʮ֤ݣҲ˵һġ
ҪĻ̥ĻֵԭҲȷʵ˺ܺĽ͡
ǣȴǵҪĽ
˼Ƭ̣㿪ڷԸĵϲٶעŵ鹬ǱߵĶʲôϽ
ֽһ䣺УٶõǮϲ˵Ҫ»ӣõϢҪ
ǮʹĥֻҪ»ǮеԸ⿪ڡ
ĸϽӦūףӷıǣ϶ӵ顣
ҪĻ̥͹˵㲻ʲôϢ
ⲢĶԵĶеԺ
ϾɶûӦʱֻԼȲ˵쳣
Ƕôѽ
ԣ͹һʱ䣬ӣǻḴģҲֻʱˡ

ص鹬û˹ϵĲƷ֬ˮζоࡣ
Ӹоõûѩһ߽յõһˮݵУһֿڽҪƽһ̫ҽԺǮ̫ҽһۣ
˵ʵѩҲû룬ֻΪ³Դ˶Ͼϸ£Լµġ
˻¿һ漴Ҫڵɫɫ˵ɣңѾûڹǰܣоöˡ
˵꣬յ˿ڲˮ
˵ʵҲ֪ԼΪλ㷴Ӧǰûй飬żԶˣҲֻеθͶѡ
㣬żϵһЩζȽϳĲƷθܣֱġ
ӵģҪвҪϽ˵ɲšѩɫ״̬ȷڹϺ࣬ҲûǿһҪ̫ҽ
ģ϶š¸ϽЦŻص
ȷʵоܶˣҪ֮ǰֶĵĸо࣬ΪղŹϵĲʣһִء

ҹڵļ磬ױ̨ǰߵĹ˲жͷϵΡ
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СŮ˳޵һ߰һͷ˿һ߿ڵӣū澽չƼһ£
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󹬣ֻҪһ㶼Ż̥Ժ˶Դ˶УҪȻҲὫ˵
˵ҪĻѾˣĽ֮ǰʱһûյǲ֪̥мˣ૿ڡ
룬ҪҪ˻δ±ʱֱһᣬ̥Ūûˡ
ǣһ뵽Ϊάˣƽ˺ĳͷЩȴˡ
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鱩¶֮󣬵ȴĲʲô³ټϥ磬ǲԸðա
ȻҲƳľᡣΪĸȻһ۾ܿʲô
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һ룬һУòޣӵĻ᲻ˣʱϽ뷨ӸŶԡ
ףԼΪʧ裬Ϊ̥ʱ򣬱Щ˿ӡ
ȵʮһ֮ǰһó裬ȴܹˡ
ټԼӺߴ·ΪԵóˣűүý³
ˣҪѾ̥Ļ϶ҲҪ״Ż˵Լ˵Ǹǧѷĺûᡣ
Լϥ磬Ҳóô꣬ү˵ָưɣ˽ģͿԼӣܲܰյסλˡ
˲ĵһȻǰһͻȻͨʲô飬һϲɫ˵ĶԣղǱˣڹʮ磬һ࣬һ٣ڸӦó̥ʱ򣬳ô˻ḴŶԡ
˵˴һЦ˵˭˵һ̥һСأҲʮ»̥¸СҲ˵
ңС壬˵Сǲġ
뵽ֿܣʱ鼫ãЦҲˡ
оԼղţǼ⣬ȻֻŪ˵̥ӦĲǳУ뷨Ӹ
ֱ̫ɵˡ
ѽܿ뵽һ£һɻҪеĻô޵ģ
Ǽǵãһ£ȥ鹬ҹġ
ԣĶԴҲɻͲ⡣
ҪеĻ޵ȷʵЩ˵ȥǰ̥ĸȡΣյġ
ѵͲ
οһʱ䣬ȥǱȥĻͦڵġ
˵ү᲻Ѿ֪УֻΪ˸˴ڻءŲ²
Ͼ˭֪̥ͷΣգҲױֵʱ˵үΪ˶žЩҪ鷳Ƕžɶ֣Ż㡣
ü
Ҫ˵Ļ˿б£ɶû쵽飬Ȼˡ
ؼǣүԸ
ܿ־ⲻܣΪ治Ϊ֮ˡ
ң⻹ҪˣֹһεƵ鹬ү
϶񰡡
òĵĲ²⣬ҲǴġ
²ⲻԣ϶ǲ֪飬Ҫôе飬үҲţҪôʱڹϣֻ岻ʣŻ˵ġ
˵תԸĵһ磬ȥúòһ£鹬ǱҲҪֶˡ
뵽˽ڻʹʱ˵Щ˵Ļ뵽ʲô
˵ǰ˵ˣ᲻᲻ֹתƻ⣬Ѿ֪ʲô
΢΢ҡҡͷ»治˵˾أ˵֮ǰûƳʲô


219 
ڹϵ쳣͵֪⣬гͨ˿
ʱ¶棬ʱ˼ϷͿϣҲһûƼ
ȣֻͨѹĵףûиκˣһȦ֮Ǿòףȥλ֪
رǹմûƼҲͰˣȻѾƼӦ˵ҲùŶԡ
󣬹Ȼһ
뷨Ȼ࣬þ˰Σڰô࣬һ࣬һ٣ټʮ粻ܳ裬Ǹûжϵ
ҪǴһ󹬿϶ϴƣϾǰܳ裬һУǿ϶ճٵӡ
ǸйϵģҪú׼С
ͨ˵±Ѿ֪Ҳú׼׼Ҫˣ֪󣬿϶жŷķһǳȻҲ˺󡣡
ģסͨʵʵص
Ϊȥͨ˴£Żѡ֪һϾڹŹ񣬿϶෽㣬ڿǰ¶
˵£ַԸߵٽһЩսݼƷͨûȥʹá

ҹԡϴϣ鷿һһʵڴϣһš
ֻǻûҳأ㴫һŲ
ûӦʹǵؽҡ
¶ʱ¶ϲɫû뵽ʱ
񣬿ȴѾһ˽ǰһֽ°شһ⿪ڣŰɡ
ˣҲûǿԼҪ񣬵ȴڲŲŲشճһλá
˳ࡣ
ţƤһЦôʱǲǼδЩ檣
üЦգ΢䣬̲סֹ˹̱ǣûЦ֪ʡ
Ȼſڽ˵ˣ޼ڹвʣһۣǲﲻ̫ҽ
һĹ˵ڣһů΢΢
ڹϣθȷʵе㲻֮ͺ˺ܶ࣬ټɫ檱Ǯ̫ҽһơ
Ǿͺáɫȷʵ¿飬Ҳ
ʱȴͻȻ˫ۣһӱסһֱֻۣȻһЦû뵽ϾȻϸģ˹檣Щ֪ܳαԼ顣
ãڴżֳĺһ棬Ӧöһ䣬ȻʵıԺٽС
ȻĻĴȤƶɣ
ֻǵЦݣй¶ĺ顣
ȴЩҪ˵ǰֻǱסһֱֻۣϣһ˫źֱӻסĲ˶ϡ
ͬʱУ˵Ŀɶﻰûƶء
׽ζŨ
ˣϰΪȻҲǸ˵ģ˵ڵĻȴǣûƶｿģҲܵ㡣
˵ͿǣôԴһΪζ˫ǿı۰ȴּΪʵסӡ
ԣ²ûеΪ飬мΪٵ˭˵أɻϾϲô죿
һʱȻԶԡ
ȷʵϲƶ͸ĨһҲϲｿԼճʱСģ
ΪֻʱžԼǸϣ縺¡ɼĵһԼϲŮӣҲѡͷͨˡ
ֻһյС⣬һߺЦãϲܶ֡
Ǳġü΢һȻ
ţѧӣ̧ոձСգʵϣǲǳ˲٣Ƕ˵檵С֮ǰԲࡣ
мɥζ
ԣɷµ³һۣȻ΢΢еСգͷȷʵһЩСҲ֮ǰⲻ١
Ȼһ仰û˵ָҲǰˡ
¾죬ίίͰ͵Ŀ˫˵ˮǷ·˵ΪʲôҪ˵ʵͲ˵ЩĻѻƭһ
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ͷֻ˳Ļ˵һʵôţҲ
Ҳܿ췴ӦָϽһ䣺ȻҼֻܶݣһĺÿӦ˵֮ǰҪÿܵöࡣ
ﻰ
£˵粻˵أֱ̫ѽ
ʱ븧Լ̫ˣӦ˵̫ܶˡ

Ҳֻһʱ𣬲ûжת۾磬תʿϽҪȥǴЪ£
ܶǸûȥǸأЦ
СԴһ˼֮״檾ûӦ
˳ʵĻش𣬿ЦˣǾܶġ
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Լæľ͸һֻС۷һȫü䣬ǺЦ̡
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ҹ࣬Ľ˲٣³ѻ˯
ԣÿοԼǰæµʱһ֮׵ݳܡ
һϵ㣬˵Ҳ
ַſϴһһʰ׵齣ɽůıѡ
齺ȴĬʲôûǶĥĿʼ˵Ļ
Ӧ˵˵ЦżЦҲ̲סڵ٩ˡ
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ʱ˿Цãʱ
ˣһҹల¡

գµ밲ɱĶá
һ𴲣ɱӵ˹˵һͿ߳
ˣĺ˵кÿ⼸ٳ費˵ڶæµʱԹһˡ
˵ʵʱ룬Ҫ̫̫ϲˣͷʹѹţǲǵҪλȥ
뵱꣬͵óʱ಻˰ɣӦ˵й֮Ŷԡ
ǰɶһͨҲûƳкر֮
Ϊһֱã˳˳мò֮⣬طĶʡ
˵ɣ϶ر˵һİɣ϶ҲûУƽбܿһ˵ԹɫɣֱҲƼŵ㡣
˵ˣòףֻԹɫɿɲɣڡ
ȴδʥں˰˰磬ҲֻǸСڣڵóһȣֱ֮
ˣ󲻽ûףǶмֲ˼ˡ
Ҳ̲סʼֹǲʲôףʲô飬ǵðɲϲˡ
ҪȻΪλ˹Ķء


220 
ûװɵĹ죬Ҳûٶ룬밲֮󣬱ƽǰȥ̫ҽԺһˣǮ̫ҽm
ڣžǮ̫ҽָµ
Ƭ̣Ǯ̫ҽ¶һ˿ЩɣЩò׼ģ
ţ֣صһ
ˣ¶ʵǮ̫ҽкβ֮
Ǯ̫ҽʵص΢С飬ǻɣ¡
˻һĲţܰɣϸ¿µģôܻ¶ûвء
ȻǴƳӣȷʵ¡
ԣǮ̫ҽ˵µУĵһое̫Щš
˵֮ǰһֱƽ̫ҽҲû
־ԼĻЩˣϽ͵Ǯ̫ҽҲҽҾ˵᲻
Ǯ̫ҽղ΢СѾ°ѹһǲģ΢СС˵ϸ£ǲر٣˵ǰٺܶࣿ
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Ǯ̫ҽź룬ͷˣСϸ£ʵ£̥ɵĳѪСʺܿڱȽһ࣬ʹԣûмʱ̥
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Աߵѩ֮ҲɸոյĸˣһתΪ˵ġ
Լôḁ̃û뵽ȴǺܺã˽ܡ
ˣǮ̫ҽ̫󣬸Ӱ̥ϽڿοСģ»û޷תʱСҪŵù΢Ȼȥ֮΢ٺúĥһС̥ķӣֻҪСŷӳҩ̥̥ĸȹ̣Ӧްˡ
Ȼо仰û˵˵ЩҪиǰᣬǾҪ̥ȹ֮ǰ˺󹬵ơ
ҪȻٿ̥δ֮ǰ̥뱣Ҳףοġ
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ĬǮ̫ҽΪ̥顣
˵Ҳ֪ҩ̥ܲãϾҩֶѵֵزЩȫûбҪˡ
ڵҪ񣬾ǺúҽȻúúҩ̥ŵĸ̥ȹ̡
С΢ӦġǮ̫ҽ
Ǵ˱ҩǰ֮Ǯ̫ҽҲʱʱһ鹬µҲ˽һ֪ǰλĿ˵ɡ
ڣ˱̥֮⣬ҲڿǰúˢһԼĴڸС
ʱֿͬǮ̫ҽй̥֮£Ǯ̫ҽʱұܣǱߣ֮Իȥ˵Ǯ̫ҽģҿ϶ᾡ죬̫õġ
΢סǮ̫ҽһڴӦ
ɲ֮ѡԸϱϲ飬ڹ˽Ҳ⡣
ϸдǻд
ллǮ̫ҽһοڵл
ö̥֮Ǯ̫ҽϸϸһ֮ҪرעһЩǡ
ȴǮ̫ҽԵƬ̣ԸѩȡһƱֱӸǮ̫ҽϲǮ
ϾҪǮ̫ҽ̥Ҫ飬֪Ҫ϶ò֪
ҲϵҲǲܵ飬ʱʲôˡ
ԾθǮ̫ҽȽ϶࣬ȴһ㶼еۣټ⣬ҲϣǮ̫ҽպİ̥
Ϊڵλݣԭ벻Ǯ̫ҽָ߼̫ҽÿǮ̫ҽԸǰҲǿóķϡ
Ҫһǣ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ»治̫ΣǮ̫ҽȴǿˣô̫ҽҪһЩ
ҲǮ̫ҽ¶ҪΪ̥˼֮Ҳû͵ͷӦҪԭ
ȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ̥첻ֱǮ̫ҽء
ҽϣǮ̫ҽҪԼҵ̫ҽҪõĲһǰ㡣
ַ֮ԸƽǮ̫ҽǰȥ̫ҽԺȡ֮⣬õҩҩһץˣҲþϱ̥ҩ

ϲӣϲӣڵóԸ̥Ǯ̫ҽһߣѩ֮ұǰµϲ
ԣȴһ˿ˣ¶ĵϲӺѽҲǮ̫ҽղŵĻˣһ̥Ҫҩ̥󻹲֪ʲôء
˵ŻµͷһۻڶֻµСȥ
֮ǰ֪ڵʱûоʲôԴ֪ﴧһСֵ֮һһŻࡣ
¶̫󣬽ʹСŪûˡ
˵ʵмģԼĴûշֱֻ
ر뵽Լ޹Σһ¡
ΨһһǣȻߣֻ˵˵ûһ
ҪȻֻѩϼ˪
ѩҲĵĺ𣬸ϽڰοӷıǣǮ̫ҽ˵𣬰ĺһµı̥ҩӶӵ̥ԻᰲȻӾͲҪ̫ˡ
ǰѩ˵öԣҪľǰ̥ɲţ˼롣˵ˣҲӵĴ˭֪ӵʸ˲ͬأҪȻƽʱˡԱߵ֮ҲʱĿȰ˵
Ҳ֪˵ȷʵӦð̥Ǻ˼룬Ӱ̬
ر棬ڻ֪ж˫۾ڰߡ
һ룬¶ʱµķգ֪еϢһȥƣ϶ٲˡ
ѩȻҲ뵽һ㣬ʼ£ӣ̥Ϣţ̥֮˵ھͽϢɢȥ
ԣҲ˼С
Ҹ߻һ֮󣬾ֱӽϢɢȥɡ鹬ھ͸ɸһҪշð̥ҩ϶ãֱӽڵϣðȫһЩ
ʱԽǲҴţԽ˰˿ӣ󷽷˵ȥ˵ûЩ붯ֵˣĴ˼һЩ
˻ѩҲͬĵ˵ͷҲ뷨
ɲó裬鹬Ų㣬رԼӵó֮󣬸ʹ鹬ԵЩӣŸĶӡ
ԼУֻҪЩӴڣ϶˶ãֱȥȷʵһЩ
˵˴ֽ֮˵УҪ̥϶̫ģִڷ˼ϣΪߵĴŮϵĵӿ϶ҪǰҪء
֮һʱڣ˲ҪģҪСĽһЩС
ԣæڱ֤
ֹؼʱǿ϶ǲܵӵġ
Ҳ˭ΪߵĴŮЩο϶Ҫ
رԼڵ״Ҫһ̥Ļ̫ۣǸҪеһЩ飬ҲҪƽ»á
ʱߣп


221 
Ǯ̫ҽմ鹬뿪ûãǱߺܿյϢ
ټ֮ǰյȥϢ˵ʵͷɡ
ģ֥˵һ˵˵ûл̥
ҪǻˣүΪλεЪҪûϣΪ˻ڹǷٶջ̫ҽǰȥ
̫벻ͨˡ
⡭֥Ҳ֪λش
ʵǸԼһҲһͷˮ
ˣֻ÷Ըϲһ̫ҽԺܴܲõϢɡ
ǡ˸ϽӦ
ǱյϢʱҪ͹һЩ
ǸһеŪǰ״ֻɹ̫ٳȥϸ

ƽ̫ҽԺ½еǰԸһǬ幬¸˵һҪʱĻܹһˡ
ūȥƽһϲɫ
Ȼ֪Լӵ˼Ҫ̥ĺϢ߻һ֮⣬ҲҪ˵һڵ״
ƽһ·ͨǬ幬˳ļŹ档
Źڶɢһϲã²ʲôϲ·ҪȻҲڻǰŸߣ˹Ǭ幬
Цеƽʲôϲأ
ʲôүү˫ۣһ۾ƳˡƽЦŻػ
ŹҲˣСҼӸˣūŹһˣ˵һ
ԣŹȵͬʱϵЦҲ֮ǰࡣ
Ϊǰ̣Ǳ˭Ϊ˳ٳٻ̥ΪүһĲˡ
һУүóԸ϶Ҳء
ʱƽͻȻ˵ܹҲ֪Ҽ彿㻳̥ҲЩףҪ̥Ҫȱ̥ҩūŹϹȥһˣҲָ⡣
仰Źᵽɤϡ
ֻüͷһصţۼھͽȥͨһ
йҪ飬治ҵ飬ټ¹̥һˡ
˵껰Źæת˵ڣͣҿȥˡ

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ֻŹ˵˻̥ʱ򣬲ҲˣһĲҪҪġ
Ź˵һ̥Щ֮ɫϲɫʱȻ޴棬üܿȾһĨǡ
˵嵽жΪˣᡣ
ȻŸ죬׽Щȣηǳе顣
ūţڿɻڵ⣿ʵ
ػϣء
ֱӷ˽лҪ
ŹתԸԱߵǰ̫ȥˡ
ŵ˵ĹǿڰοүҲҪ̫ļ˼࣬϶µġ˵̫ҽԺǻôĹҽʥڣ϶ܱƽһС硣
ȻĻŹ仰ɫһЩ
ΪŹ˭֪жһС磬óΪп
˵Ķԣ̫ҽء
˼Ƭֿ̣ڷԸŹʱһ񸮣һϸ׵֣Ǳȥ
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ߵǼūţе㲻£Ǭ幬ĹŮУһѹסģѡһͬ͹ȥɡ
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ǾЩģϵ˲˼֣һת͹ȥ֮ǰ㻹ҪԺúôһǹȥǷ˵ģǹȥ׵ģɲҪĩã𣡡
һ飬Ź֪µҪԣϽڱ֤үģūһ϶ⷽķա
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Ͼ⹬ɣĴûĸÿ˲Ĺ֣ҪĹˡ
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˵Ĺƽǰ̫£˵ڡ
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ڴǮ̫ҽٵǮ̫ҽ󵽸Ǯ̫ҽ̫ҽԺҩȥģȻ֪֮꣬仰Ĺ򣬾ͽ˵װס
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˵գҲûпڽԼѾȴȥ
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Ȼǰкƽǰ˸Ͻϡ

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󣬵һ۾Ϳü䡢ǵüһ˿ǣʱһ˿ۡ
ܶӦĻģ㣬ϴųݡ
·ӦʱѾ˽ǰ
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ͱոգȻһԼҪģǾκ顣
ǰϾʱԳԺȺȣ顢֡嶫ҵԼϲʱ䡣
뵽·æ̫̫Ƿ»ʱĿڵҲ̫Ϊ檵ģǮ̫ҽѾ˰̥ҩһÿպúóҩġ
ˣһɶµģ˼֡
תͷԱߵŹŹһ̫ҽԺԺдͣͬǮ̫ҽһ𣬸̥ķӳ

ŹһߴӦһ߰զ࣬үŲٲİ֣͹Ůģ̫ҽ飬Ҳһˡ
ǲװ
˻Ҳһ㡣
û뵽Ǯ̫ҽ̥֮󣬿ȻָһλԺУټȷʵǮ̫ҽ㿪ڵǲ˰ɣ檾Ǯ̫ҽͦõġ
תͷְο޷һΪ㱣̥ҲܸһЩ
ȴǣһ໥ලãҲܸɵһЩҰ
һ£Ҳ֪Ϊã˼Ȱ˵ͷ


222 
ڣһĲ˵ʲôүոʱǸ뿪𣿡
ڻûذɣˣж벻ѽŻ֮ܵڡ
Աߵ²ū±ߵ˵ʱǱ̫ҽ᲻ˣ
Ӧòɣ밲ʱ򣬱ɫͦõģģżֲȷ
ҪûǱΪʲôҪ̫ҽأҲһʡ
˵Ҳǡ΢΢˵ͷмֲȷ
⻹ûƽӣ̫ҽȷʵЩ˵á
뵽һмòҪĲˣҪҪȥһˣ
ϴȥ飬ڻðɼ¡
Ϊ˵λ˴õĻᣬرڿǰչһԼΪλĿƣЩò⣬֪ԼòùȥһۣԱʾһ⡣
ԳɵҪӵү뿪֮ٹȥһˡ
ɣʵڿǰˢһˢڸеġ
ֺֻ¸ϴһ˿ᷳЩҡڲ
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İɣעŵү뿪Ǿ͹ȥ
һܱԼ˵һģֲÿᷳҲͦõġ
ǡӦ

Ϳ˵Żȥ̫ҽԺ͵ŹȴԺԺкǮ̫ҽֱӹ
ԺҲû뵽Լһգᱻ¿ͣһС˱̥
ڹߣҲ˵˵ͷڿͻȻ˴˿ͣɿ˵Ŀء
ԣڽӵŹĿ֮󣬱ЯͬǮ̫ҽŹԹԺúһ
Ǯ̫ҽ֪ºҲ
ֻ֪ܳ裬û뵽ܳ裬ϾȻԺҲˡ
Ǵʮֵľ񣬶Դպ顣
λ̫ҽ֮ȸ֮Ժ֣µĿʼ
һͨѯԺҲ˽˴š
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ԺкǮ̫ҽȻϸ˵ˡ
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¶̥ȻЩգܹ黹ûصĵزֻҪúð̥ܹƽ»õġ
λ̫ҽű̥ӣȥҡ
ͬʱڰοѾʹԺкǮ̫ҽûǰأλ̫ҽⶨ˱̥ӣͺúóҩ̥̥ܿͻûµġ
û뵽ӵ̥Ժѯ˽飬Լģʱůůġ
Լ֮ǰҲû׷˼λүˡ
㿴رѾ
ó벻ó裬Щġ
ҪǸóСӦ˵ԺкǮ̫ҽּ̫ҽΪ̥һһ̫ҽܲˡ
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¶ĵЦݣʱԼһæµͿûа׷ѡ
ֻ΢ЦͶˣҼܶ͸һֱЦţǿɥһѿ
ԣһϴżֽ˭Ҽҵģ檲ŲҵģԼҵġ
ѾͬԼΣûΪﲻмָˣ֪Ѿͻˡ
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ûſڣƽС˳ԺкǮ̫ҽĵš
һ
̲סʼҲ²⣬ֻһʱ䣬˾Ͳ̶ֳ𣬿ԺжٹΪƲ
תͷһۣ˾ɻĽ
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һԼӻ̥ϵЦݣǴʼվûͣ
Ц㶼ܿ飬ֲɵģѵ
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½͵λѵһҪɣرڹϣһҪ̥ǶڼЦӻġ
㿴ֻ˵˼仰ÿյ밲üĺôֶΪء
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ڲģе̫ˡ
ҪľסɣȻڽУ̥ĶС顣
仰ѩԼӵ˼


223 
ɴصϵϲɫΪ˷ܻδȥ
ֻһضԵ˾Ȼ̥Ȼֱ̥˼飡
˵ʵٳٻϣѾκϣû뵽·ת˾ȻͻȻˡ
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ɿӵģȻġ
ӡֹĿڡ
ˣϲɫʱһ˿Ҳޣֱ֪˵ʲô
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˵˵빬Ϊ̳裬öģڳӲˣ뱾ƿأ˱˵顣
ӡһӱɵĻ¶ĺ龪סˡ
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ԼҪǲѡ˶ֵĻָδԼ˻õԸء
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ֻҪɲһУʵͦԸ߷̡

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Ȼǲ²ʲôĶУеĲ²˲еɲ²˲֢֮
ҪȻԺԳΣ϶ĺء
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ͨˡ

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˵ĹĺΣҲο

Ӧ鹬֮󣬱ߵĴŮֱ֦ӻ˾
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֦Խ˵Խмּżֺɸֵζ
ӦûڷٽɲͬھɶЩˣڻأܲһֱںŴ껪ɣֺûᣬҪǲץסˣԺһһŮ빬Ժӣһ۾Ϳͷˡ
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Ҫû»ã飬мģļ塣
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ʱûɣٰʯͷԼĽţǾ͵òʧˡ


224 
峿ûȥ밲Ȼ鹬ɵۡ
֪ŹȥһˣæòƵϢ
Ź˲֪µʵ뷨ֻ˵֪֪Щǣһʧѡ
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̲סİֹǲǴһ̥̫ѽ
ҪȻôֲ밲ֲǰȥŵϲġ
뵽ŷһ͵ӣп֮󣬾ԺǰΣǸӼᶨ˶̥֮¡
һʱ䣬Ľģмʵģаϲģֻȴֱֳһģ

͹
֥֮󣬽һ԰ƿ÷ֵݸӭСŮȻߵŵĵԡ
ū澸սʱϲū˵鹬ǱߴϢ˹滳̥
ԣе̧꣬ͷʵϢôģѾȷ𣿡
֥صϢ鹬Ǳ밲ʱλ׿͸¶ģӦòд
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ӦҪȻҲרԺǰȥһСƲ̫̫ҲǺܺأҲֻ˵̥үˡ֥͵
˵ͷһһо˵ͨˡ
ţ֥Сʵӣ˻̥ǽô죿
Ĭһʱ䵹Щò⡣
ڳƬ̺ǿڵȵȵȿ˵ɣһ̥ڸһϾΣգ󻹲֪Ǹʲôأܲǵ֣ͲҪǵ֡
ؼǣڵļƣ˵̥ͦӵġ
ҪȻҲڹϣ˵Ժаű̥ͱ̥
ԣһ㶼˳֣Ҫ·ˣ϶ˡ
֥ϽӦӵġ
ö֮󣬵תͷţֻǱոճԵĽζڻͷٳԣЩζͬʳ֪ζˡ
Ϊһ£ûŵ飬ܿš
֮һڵڵϲľԺŲˮһ߳˼š
Ů֥̺ԣҲŪʲôŵ顣
ڳ˼֮ͻȻڵ׼һǸӵҩģ֮Ҫá
֥һʵǴ˭ã
͹ǰõóֻӦϣ˶˷ӣԼӣʵڲ֪׼Щҩģá
һԼá
Լã֥һɻͲȷһԳëô죿
ȴ㲻̫ģⶼЩӵҩ治ñָ߻̥ҲڳԳëĺˣ
Ҳûа취İ취ϥӣλȣ˶̥ܲżҲֻҽˡ
⸱طͬ˵ǰ㣬ҩĶһЩҩˣҲӦóԲʲôҪȻ治ա
⡭֥ʱмֳɡ
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ȻǲҩģǰԼ念Ȼûʲô顣
ʹǰڻ̫ҽĲӵҩأҪٳԴҩ˭֪᲻Գë
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ԣ֥ϣԼϣһ㣬ôȷȫҲ١
ɵȴ룬ۼУİ֣һε¼
ԼְȲЩòСɣҲ֪೤ʱ䡣
ҪٲץסһĻպ벩ҲһвĻˡ
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ˣնã֮ǰҲõĺúõģûʲô𣬶ÿ˵״ֲһԹҲܿ˵ˣǰֲûùʲôӡ
仰Ҫôҩɼ֮ȡ
ԣ֥򴽣ǵҪ̫ҽѯһһ̫ҽҲ١
ǸоԼͻȻЩڲˡ
Ҳ֪ԼļļҲԼ忪Цɡ
ãʲôܳеסֱӾܾ
̫ҽˣȲ˵һ֪һֲȷΣشڣ˵һ̫ҽͬ⣬ĺ·ûˡ
˹ִ֥ʱ֪μȰ˵ˡ


ԽӵеϢ֮һϲԽͬŮյһա
ҲЦŵϲӵóԸ
˹ȴóԸأֻ˵ɹһС֮Ҫү𱾹ˡ
յΪУʱү¶뵽÷ӡ
˵˵ҲԣһУ֪жɣŸͬ뷨أǿɵץˡ
飬粻һǰͷɹүۣٳһͬһܳռүһģɹүЧ϶Ҳ᲻⣬ۿۡ
Ӧ˵ʧܲŶԡ
ԣԴӵ˻̥Ϣ֮һ˿ȸУرÿһע⵽
һ㶼߶ϣһ̥ܳžһ㣬Ȼȵ߰µʱ̥Уǲźء
һʱҲճˣҲûˣˮһգŪӣֱ뿴Ľ
ԣտڿοҲ̫ļǿһ͵ӣһУѾ̥ҪԺԳֱ̥֮϶䲻ʲôá
ū˵ʡǶء
գȻã⻰һ㲻١ǰܵЩҲʱ˲١
˵öԣԺܵʲôáüһżֻͳ졣
ʧ˻磬ҪʧˣҪλûλݣҪûñǰֱ̻ˣ˵ˣƽһ˵ս͹ܵģ
ʱ˹Ļأ
һ룬鲻һĺá
һأۿأһо̥
ֱûбõĺϢˡ
Ͷ˱ڷʼʾ֭취ÿע⵽


225 
ʱʱ鹬紵ݶĵ͹Ĺˣʹ鹬ߵĹע࣬ӵϢʱ䣬ҪһЩ
ǰţҪһЩ
˽ʱС١лҳ
󣬻ʹмָ˵ضԵС١ϵ⵹һϲ¡
֮ǰʱ򣬻ʹ˵ó裬ҪϥûһõĻԺһʧ裬ӿ϶ù
ںˣڻˣ󲻹ǰ绹Ǹںп͵
˵һ˳۵̫̫֪£ӡҲЩĹۡ
С١ҲŸ˵ѽڵóԸ
˵˴ѯʻʹ㣬ϲǲҪһ鹬һϲ
ԣʹƬ̣˵ӦһˣֻոҲ˵Ļˣһ̥಻ãҪ̥ҪԹȥĻٻŵ
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С١ߺ󣬻ʹߵ١ֵһУҪ˰ɹ֮ͨʱˡ
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ԣûУǳǬ˵ûжӰ졣
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١ΪʹˣƳɫԡ
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ʹҲ֪ԼЩ죬ֻܺ˭ó裬ֻҪǵܽܣҲݵ£С
ɼԵԹ֮

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ܿ죬ССǣ֪ģ֪ģ㶼ѽӵϢ
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ټ̫̫ɻ󹬶裬϶ֻһޣôҲλ
ԣЩɵΪ˻̥֮¶ˣϣһ̥һֱƽƽġ
ãܳžһҲУôڿǰ¶¶޼Ρ
ҪٺһЩĻֱӴˣΪ³裬Ҳǲܷ顣
һ룬ǵһģӴͲÿͷǵˡ
ȻҲʧվõɣ֪ÿף㿪ʼʾ֭˼ע⣬·á
һʱ䣬󹬵ĺܶɣȻһͬĿꡪǾÿע⵽ǣȻޡ

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Ļ㣬˼ܳ費˵ڻ̥һ»ãٶ֣ɾʲôˡ
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ʵ벻Լģܿ׵飬Լôһֱء
˵Լү̫ȹ̵λҲͰˣ̫鷳
ֱ֪˵ʲôˡ
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ˤٻһµľУֲûˣ̫մ˾Уˤֱ˵һɡ
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ˣƽû֮ǰǰŭһ˵̥̥
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226 

δžˤ̲סѯʸոմ߽ĴŮҶλǷƢˣѾˣ
ԣҶһ߽׼õḶ́ŵǰĿϣһЦŻص˵ƽѽū澸ղƼߵĶˡ
ţһ㶣ȥ
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ǡҶӦ

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˶Ǵˣû߾ôֻ˵˼仰ǻȥˡ


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˵ţֻһת˵ϲ£ոպ󹬴Ϣ˵ϲ
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̫̫˯źø̺ԵСŮһŵĳңȥ̫̫ոսȥˡ

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֮һصǷ̫̫֮ʹ͵ġ
ԣһ
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ԣްЦ˷ģ˵Ļۼһæ
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Դˣްûйƴǣлһ󣬱Цؽˡ
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ֽ֮ԵƽһԼʹްš
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֮ǰʱΪһЩɵİ̫̫ж಻ϲ˾֪顣
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ѵ̥˴Чòɡ
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ʱоͷЩ
ҲǼţ̫̫Ѿ֮ǰǰԼӣβء

ڴ£ΪסľްǰŽİɣűӵϢ
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֮ǰ뱧ãǻ̫̫˵ķϣŸֵϣ
̫̫ȴƣֱ˸ʹͣǲڷųһźţΪ˻̥̫̫㲻֮ǰǰء
һ룬ɶʱ
ֻ겻ȥ¶Լ֮ǰļƻûһ˿ա
ȰȰƽЩӣһ˴̽һ̫̫̽Ŀڷ硣
ȴ̫̫Ҫû¶һܴ̫̫ǰ̼պʱ죬ἰ£᲻°빦һЩ
ԣɶʱ۾һô˼ƿС
¶ģտʼǰȥ̫̫̼


227 
ް̫̫֮ǰȥ鹬ʹ֮£ں̵ܶʱУʹ˺󹬡
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ֱǰ˻̥𾪣˲ţ
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Լڵ״̬Ҫ̫ˡ

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ôȴΪ̫æ̫̫鲻ʱߣģû뵽ˡ
Լ̫ԩˡ
ºǲ˼űָոյĶͷɵЦ


228 
ޣ˵ĪĹˡ
ȻҲ֪ԼΪԭޣ˵ǿԼӵġ
ԣ˵ǲǼٵġ
һ磬Ϊޣ鱶ãŵʱ򣬶նС⽡
ˣȴڽӵϢ֮ˡ
˻̥ܽܣ˵̫̫˸ʹͣҲܽܡ
˻֮󣬿ʵǽܲˡ
УǸ˵ģճӣҲлޡ
ڿɵã˭ӻûأܵеЪһҹ
ôһ£
ֱͲǻ·
һʱ䣬ɶʱż
ֻǵײҽݲﵽͷȥֻܽԹֱתƵϡ
ɾ˲£ԼУܷ̻ϣȴռŻϣȥЪϢ
ֱ̫Եˣ
һʱ䣬мԹζ
ϢһҪ˵ż˭ȻĪ
֮ǰ̫̫ɴްʹͣãûʲôоһ£ȴֱӴ£ʵ޷ܡ
ԣԽӵϢ֮ʹ˺ӵ̥СʱͣЪһ֡
ֱ˵ֿۣͣ
ʱñʮһײǹϡ
¶ʮһ磬ͷһ
ӾãҪΪʡĵģһóĳ㣬䵽Сָ޻ᣬҪĵز
ƽʮһٳǰǽյĳ֣ȴͻȻ˼һ˼ƽϡ

͹
˵ʵеҲ˵֮⡣
Ͼóʱ̥Ҳͳһʱ䣬һȻ˵ϼĵĻ
֮£ȴǴδϷ顣ڣȴʵʵķϡ
˵ľ֮Ķ
Ҫ˵ǰֻǽ˿Ǹ֣ʧĻε飬ȴõɱġ
ǵģˣȥĻֻᳯԽԽԿƵķչ
ټλУӳ̶ȣõ𾪺ͳζ
̲ס룺Ҫǽ˷һ𣬱ȽһڿλĻ治˵˭˭͡
˵Ǹҡ
ԣһصصõΪҪڿ˵ĸ飬δǸز֮ǰѡֱӽ˳ȥ
ҪȻʱҲزˡ
һ룬ȷĿ뷨
ֻһ뵽ڶ˵ӳ̶ȣһʱ䣬Щѡ
ֻʱ֣񲢲ʲôʱȲ˵̥ߵĹ˿϶쳣Լߡ
ֻ˵ִǱи紵ݶ˵ͻ˳顣
һ̫׶·ͱ¶ˡ
ԣ־ô²֮ܲҪıһҪ߱ʱ˺ͣѴ֮ĴԸȻȫˡ
һ룬֥ϲ
ϲһ߽׼õһƱݸһ߷Ը鹬ټЩʱʱעŵ㡣
˵˴˼һ·뵽ʲôּһ䣺λǱߣҲҪӹעЩ
˵ʵ֮ǰʱ򣬻ûλ
һͻȻ˵빬ġ
ϲ֮󣬵ѯߵ֥˽Ϊ˸ɹ̳裬Ȼһãɸǲǣ
ԣ֥һ£ſڵôһ£ֻǵʱ˲ܳ裬ɱֱӷȵٴεõүĹעԽԽó֮󣬰ɻͼˣֻ˺е㲻ˡ
Ϊˣ˻ֹβСıŤìܣֻһţټүƫϲɵɣ˺׾ٵ˰ɵƿء
ҪȻֻɺң׾ٵϿ
ݱүҲͲ
գ¶һ˿ЦһУҪԼãҲ֪ں󲻺ڵŪʲʵڶ
һ֥ʱٲµ˵һ˿뷨
ðɵĲģԸˡ
صҲǸдһʣ˭֪ԼǲǰӹˣС󣬸ûԸء
˵֮Ҫ԰ɵһܾ̽顣
ϾֻĻ֣Զ֣һ磬·ǰ浲ţҲǻ

ʱ£Ȼ֪ɶһǻԹͱԹζĳƽոķʢš
Դ֪ﴧ˸С֮ԵĲֱӽͼ㣬ĳͼһٵġ
ڼɿڵĶҲࡣ
ǰܶܳԵʳ纣ʡɽ髡Բ֮ĳʳڿ϶ǲܼˣճõĲˮҲһˡ
ȽϲԵΪÿҪȱ̥ҩԵʣҲһżɿˣһһմһ֡
մǻҲԹ겻ʳҲá
ΪˣǮ̫ҽŪһиڲʵõʳﵥӣȥŷպЩʳľͲˡ
ʳƽʹӵ߽ǰˣ߻ˡ
ˣһʱû⻰ʲô˼ǿڷԸǾ˽ɡ
ƽת˵
ֻƬ̹ƽ½˵Ȼͬ˵ǰ㣬ˡ
ϸ˵ģѾ˸񣺡ūŸ밲򸣽𰲣
¸ϽȻſʵ֪Ź£
ص˵ĻūŴǷү֮ǰͷ̹˵ġ
˵Żָָһ˽ܵλǷ֣λ֮ǰǬ幬İĹү˵պ͸źˡ
˻ֺͰָϽһ񣬵ū/ū澼ˣ
һôҲû뵽˴ιȻǸͷ̹˵ġ
Եѩ֮ҶˣĻ֮󣬸ɫ
̲ס룺ǲǲǣ˹ӡ
һ룬ͷʱһԼࡣ
ྫһѽ˿еĽա
Ͻڽ͵˺λﲻҪᡣү˾٣ֻΪ˸ոջ̥˺λﵽЩûⷽľ飬³ʲôص©Ͳӣܹѡ׵Ĺˣ͹źˡ
仰㳡ڵ΢һЩҲѩ֮΢΢һ
ϵԼ˹û̺ӣűġ
ҪǣΪ̫źԼӣӦøе˲Ŷԡ
һ룬ҲͺܿȻˣϾлӣûлӣкܴͬġ


229 
¼ѩ֮Ľͣ¶˺Ȼ֮Ҳһ
Ȼ֪˹Ϊ룬ΪãΪ˶Сӣƽƽ
ѩ֮ˣһֱ߷̵ĹˣЩġ
رѩ߹ѵһʱգײΪ£֮ģ϶
˵ʵ˹ھȹʵǸ˵ġ
ѩܸ֮ɣЩС黹ã飬ȷʵѹס£ˡ
ر˻ǿŹѡģ˿϶ˣպ˵Ķ룬ϵҲһЩ
ߺ˷ֺͰһЩ顣
֮ǰȥǬ幬ޣмһεģȻǿߵķ̹ŮҲʲôԵ
ǲ֪ΪԸźԼϾֻǸСˣȻó裬ȴҲʲô
ԣҪľѯǲԸźģҪǲԸĻȥŹ˵ٻǬ幬ԭĲ¡
ԣĻΪҪߣ£˵ԼԸģ
ˣƺӹӣҲ
ʵ֮ǰŹʹͬ⣬˵ֻǹ֮λүĳ谮պ϶ֹڴˣٻػ
ˣһ֮Ǿźˡ
ϾǬ幬˲żüã֮ңҲĲпᡣҪʱʱСıݺ߲һţҪʮֵľӦԲ¡
ټǬ幬ƺطҪСĳ©򰤰ӣԴ
ǽԴڿϵĲ¡
ԣ˼֮󣬾ùҲ˵ó裬ҲУǬ幬żǿ
ˣ±˰ġ
ڷ֣Ǿ͸ðˡ
λ֮ǰԭûʲô£Źѡźȴ⡣
²ʲ֪һһ־Ȼ̹˳үλɣһʯϣһǵüϡ
ֻǷ̫ãλ̫û긣һڿʮûˣһʮȥˣֱ֮Ҳûźλӡ
ԣֶαָɵ鹬źеˣﻹͦ˵ġ
ǰ飬ûȫһһʮ˵ˡ
ֵ̹ϣȷʵ°˵ͷм⡣
ʻʱҲֻǵʻڰ۲ŷֺͰĵ̸ֹ
Ͼ֮ǰһĹˣһǬ幬Ůһ̹̫֣ûС˷
ʱɾеͷˡ
ĵûзȫ̶̬Ⱥǹ
껰֮±֮ȥһ׼׵֮󣬱ֱӹϲˡ
ȷֺͰһߣ±㿪ԵѩΣ
ѩƬ̣ܹѡˣӦòū澸ղվһҲƹˣ˹ֲʧȡ
رλ֣Ƿ̹λ̫ˣһˢӵˣλĹȻǬ幬ûǬ幬ԵǰưҲǹмӡ
΢΢˵ͷѩĵǲࡣ
ڿϻֻһʱƲʲôҪദһʱ֮Ʒ֪Ρ
ѩǾ˵ʵڲõĻͻȥˡ
۰ԼӣС»Ӧʵġ
˵ˣ˹չ˷ӵģɲģ˵ݣԼӲùƴҲҪڻǰ״ǡ
һ룬ѩʱҲûʲôˡ
ʱȴЦŴȤ˵˵ĶԣˣҲҪ̫ģҲǸ׽
ӣѩʱһ죬Ķ˶ţū澲ûеء
Ȼ˵ǻȷʵЩģתһ룬ܿ뿪ˡ
ΪԼӺãǲ뷨ġ
ټԼڿڿģ͸ûʲôɵĵˡ

˵ʵ鹬λһһĲɶľˡ
ⲻ¼ûأֽܿӵ˿ȥź˵Ϣ
ֱɶ֪Լ͸ˡ
ǻ˵ǽһܵߺһ٣һһ֣һǬ幬Ůֱ͸һĲġ
̲סɻѵǵó벻ó
ǻ˭óǣҲûԴ㣬æǰæʲôġ
ѵԵر
˵ʵɼ֮ãͷĲҪҪġ
˵Ľʺˣ޲֮ĶС
رóˣȻǵҲйʱ򣬵ڸ˼һȽϣֱС׼ˡ
ˣԽˡ
޲ͽ˳ȥźá
أȴֻһһĸԼļļļԲȶ
ʱûɣȰԼȥǾ͵òʧˡ

ۼ˺ӵ̥ԽӣĽͬʱԽԽסˡ
ֻԼҪõԸϣԽԽãˡ
أֲġ
ҹɷȥ˯ţԼԴȥ
˼ڵڶù֮󣬾ʹŴŮţֱ
һҹ㻹ǰ֮ǰļƻ̫̫ǰ̼Ȼȴ˹ϵٺúõĸ˼˵һ˵
ҪܳɹãҪǳɹˣ취
˶ֻ̥£»һʱ䣬Ҳ̫ż
˴ȼá
֪ɹ̫̫̼֮Щġ
Ϊ̫̫󣬻ǿûúǰ̼˼ǰﰲͨһ
̫̫Ӽ˰ɣˣͬǰ̼
Ͼɹֻ̼һТģټϰɼͻʼմ״ʵĹϵ棬̫̫ǻɵġ
ˣһձһֱ˴
ȻҲǸģ֪Լʲôʱ̫̫ԣʲôʱ£ø߿ۡ

ǰȥ̫̫̼ϢλλȽӵϢġ
ֻǽӵϢ֮ȴֻһٰɡ
Ǽ黫ҲһԼͲȥ̼ԵǲТ˳ˡ
ѾԹʱ򣬰ѾȥˣҲҪϽжУǲ˺ġ
Ǿһ
Ȼܼķӣⷨӵǲ̫ãڰǰȥ̼飬ǰһ
̫̫ȥȥڵȻǿĪҪҲȥ̼ĻǲǾܼˡ
һ룬ʱѣȻ߹˵ķ£þµױݣϸĲ֦Һɫװһڴֱ
λ಻ɵӣڽӵϢ֮󣬱ʰһĵˡ
һʱ䣬ƫֵĽ
ÿŷļλλɣ̲סüͷ뵽龰ġ
ɼˣͷһֻЩɸλݱߣҲֻˡ


230 
գ»δʱֺͰľѾ
ڸ治˽⣬˱ȸѩ֮Ϥ
ѩ֮Ҳ˽ûҲΪ˾Լ龡֣ͽµһЩϰߺͼɻ䣬һһ˵֪
Ӳϲûоͬ£鷿Ķϲͻϵദϲ̫๬Ա߷̣ȵȡ
ֺͰһļй˵עһһ
Ȼǻģ֮ǰŹѾﰵôǣ˵˲һСˣֻǻź˵ģҪǸŻϴݰףЮˣ˲ίʱǣҲǡ
ԣ֮ǰֺͰĻܵߵĴŮΪλڱ°ӣʹС
ٵ˸ǰ״һ˶˻ӡҪǣ̫ˡ
û뵽ȴǡ෴
ߵĴŮûΪǣϸĵĴϤ
÷ֺͰĶʱ֮ܳУﵽǷ˽ģ֮ˣҲǵ
˯֮󣬱˷ֺͰġ
Ȼһʱ仹ЩӦڸǰź򣬵ҲֻԼӦ
ŵʱҲƽ֪λȥ̫̫̼顣
ֻðмֱ£ֱֵĴûᣬȻһλͷǲš

˵ߣΪλλŹ̼̫̫Ҳú˱ˡ
ֻô¿ͣüλλȻȥȻź̼֮ȥ֪ͨǡ
ˡ
ֻһλǰȥ̼λҲͲʲôֻ취һТġ
ڱ̥ģ಻ſ֣Ҫһӣ˵
ԣڵÿպſҩ̥Ҫڿеʱд𾭣Ϊ̫̫
Ϊ룬û̫ƴÿճд𾭵ʱޣʱʲôɣЪϢ
ҪʱТ㩣ִڷ˼ϣ𾭶볭дúЪѵ
ֻɼײ
ֹգʹΪûԸ̫̫̼֮⣬λλÿֵһΡ
أҲõļ˿棬Ŵ˻ֻǽȴЩʧ󵽵ûޡ
ɥѡ
ֻԼֻҪ˾ͺãвޣرڵɾôμܻġ
˵뷨ȻֹһСť»С
ڸ̫̫̼λλУᣬ͵ҪСһأԴ˵ó裬ҲΪʮһ֮޴ָˡ
˻ᣬȻҲĴ̼֮£൱Ӻͻڿǰӡ
˽̫̫ӴĴûᣬмλͶ֮¿۵ɣڰаĳ׼ʱ顣
֮Ǳ㽫ΪһУ̼ʱ򣬹⵱лҳһ˵̫̫֪
̫̫һ㶣û뵽֮󣬾Ȼ飬Щɶ֮ǰ֪ġ
֪ºΪλ֮⣬ǲ쿵ΪһС
ԭΪ˻̥֮󣬿ǱһЩע
û뵽̫뵱ȻҲڿĵλ
ڿ˵ĹĲû˿٣ڳű䱾չ
Դˣ̫̫Щġ
ټЩλɵĻУܵһŨŨԹȥĻһֱƽĺ󹬿϶Ҫ¡
ԣڿ峿ֹ밲ʱ̫̫֣ɫؿڵĸ֪ϲˣǵײ̫ܶ˵죬ⲻǻں𡣡
ԭŸ½λݵĿ̫̫Ļ֮ﻹʲô׵ġ
Ǽλλɳ̼̫̫֮ǰˡ
ʱмֲ
أȴֲֳܱ̫̫ǰĿŵĿάˡ
Ĵûпȫ£ֻӲã໳̥ȴ㻬̥ﵣ֮࣬⼱Щ
ʵҲû뷨һֱõ£ζҪһ̥˼ǲܣʧ˷ִ磬ûĸڲлҪһģТˡ
һڱȽ˴Լϡ
ټ̫̫ڻڲУ϶ǲܸ˼ģҲֻ˳˵
Щ̫̫͸Ƶģ֪ⶼΪάˣŻ˵ġ
ֻǿϴ̬̫ãһʱʲô
ֻ̾˿ʵ֪˾ͺã֮Ȼȳô£Ҳǣ㣬պ֮ǰҪ˼ȫ
Ȼ⻰ǺͬϾûʲôŭԹ飬ֻǶһС˺һЩѣʵǣϳô¡
ΪТ˳ĺӣǵͷһͬĸѵǣˡ
̫̫΢΢˵ͷϿ˿˵ǣֻﵽģҲֻԼ
ˣⳡ΢̸ڶúϷ£˻⡣

Ӵһո̫̫º͵ĿƶȻһ䣬һϢ
ˣŹ￩һ£֪Ϊ̫̫Ļﲻˡ
үỽһ
عص̾һԸǬ幬
ŹӦ
Ȼ˻֣õȺԵ̧̫ϽǰŴȥ
ܿ챻̧ʱ·ȥ
صǬ幬֮󣬿ֱҵԼǰдһֻֽֽд硢ܲѡ񡢽ȷš
˵ʵ⼸ţһǶǶõķţȴһд˺ü
Լдµļţһڡ
ڵʱֻŵ̥ûּλݡ
ȵµʱֿʼѡĸã죬ѡ˼ķš
ֻǻûĸָأ̫̫һϯôֱӻΪӰ
һơ
뵽Լ֮ǰΪ˸һϲûнǰ֪һҡ
ûȸϣȻʧ
˵ʵ¿ǳʧСﲻԾ
Ҳãٲ֪飬ȻͲϣ
£֪УͽֽһţſŹˡ
ֻ󵽵ûã½ѾͰ͵ֽչȻһһƽչ
ﰵŰɣһջóġ
֪Ź¿ٴδ飬ϽǰСֽõԱߵĺ
ˣûֹĬŹ
ˣ˽֮£ֱ̥У޼ա


231 
ڿλ֮£Ǵͷβһ֪һÿճҩ̵̥ĹԼСӡ
ټܸɵķֺͰˣ⼸յϤѾս֣ԼĹԼ߷̵ѩ֮ҵˣоϵĵࡣ
Դˣͦм˹ĿҪȻߵڻǰνŵء
ںˣзҲеࡣ
ĥѩ֮ЩˣԷóϷ
ܶò飬ҲϲҸ⡣
ԴˣûвҴţƴǡ
Ϊ˾Ǹ֮ˣᾡãֳԼֶ
ټźλЩճ֮£˵ֵպõ¿أҲֻʱ⡣
أյĥϣҲӦá
ȻûзʮֱֳڣʤǬ幬꣬ܶ棬ºѩǼˣҪضˡ
ԣİģܿ׼ԼĶλҲˮ
ټѩ֮Ů˺Ǻƣ޺Ů̫Ρ
Զ֮Ҳƽ˾û
ˣһֱһĵ£һ
˵ʵһźĹˣճദ£еġһأǿרŹչˡ
ͦէһ˭Ҳ˭Ȼ໥°ӣСŪ˵Ҫ̥
ǿеͷˡ
ͦãĵûз´һ

һգû磬Ʈѩ
տʼʱѩµĺСֻСѩֻûãСѩͱѩһʱȻ˶ëĴѩ
ѩԽԽҲԽԽ䣬ѩͰڵڶ̿ȡů
һʱ䣬ĵˮɱѩ׷ɣůĵڣγĶԱȡ
ϣϹŽĵڴǰ˲ע⣬Сִһ졣
֮ȣ̰ĿԺѩ
͵͵ѩ÷ƼҪ˵ûȰӡѩ߿ҳո֮ҽȥѡ¶µȥˡ
¸ϽΪԼֻһС϶ûĴ򿪡
֮ǰΪѩ߶䣬ѧˣֻһС죬Ȼӷ϶⿴
Ļ磬ܿѩֱȫĺ÷ӡ
ʵҲֺ֪ѩ˵ΪãҲ÷
ֻһʱ䲻ţֻ;ûҪë
رһ뵽ȥʱȥ԰￴ѩѩˣΪ̥붼롣
ȥȲҪ˵·ˤͷǳȥ涳ڵ˵Ҳһѡ
ԣԴӲУº֪֮ûܣʵʵ̥һ˱ƣأҲ¶ۡ
ֻڿѩЩûסĴӴ⿴
ܳȥһ۸ܿ԰ɡ
ѩҲ֪ԼʵںˣӶϣֻһС죬Ҳ˵ʲô
㿪ڶٿһС͸Ͻϴɲڴߴ̫á
õģõģҼѩˡµСԴһӦ
󻹲ѩһԺ
ԼӾ㻳У˺ѩ͵Ц
˵ʵֻһ϶ܿʲôѽҲֻܿôһСطѡ
ɾҲƵĽζ
ֻһ˫۾Ŵ⣬ѩǲкüûˣ
ô˰ɡԱѩһߴߣһ߻ǲˣҪȻƽһǬ幬ɣӦûġ
¸Ͻҡҡͷܾãֻʡ
Ȼ׵Ĵһʵ̫ãȻʱǰǲ顣
˵̫̫ͻȻأϿ϶æأйңǲҪΪѵĺá
ԣѩֻ̧ͷЦЦҲȰȴƵģԼˣҪȻҲдһʡ
֮˾ת˻⣬λɡ
˵ʵԴӰϴ֮Ĺ˸Ϊɲ⣬뱧ԼµĻá
ԼΪġ
ֻǺɵȴֳ˵ϡ
ɳ»̥мּʧ̬֮⣬ûٳǱ߸ûһ㶯
ˣԵ˹ѯʣ߱ʾһ¶
ֱ˴һ㡣
Դˣ̲סɣԼѩǣǲ˰ɡ
ʱ˼ҵķӦֻΪէһеϢԵüһЩѣʹû뷨˼̫УС֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
˵ۼӣ֪²Ϊŷ˱뷨
ҪȻҪ뷨Ļ㣬һʾͶûС
ԣºѩֹ飬֮ǰǲǶˡ
¾ðܲʣʵҲͦãøɷҲѹ
ͦãͦá

׷ɵĴѩУڹǰš
һǸմӴûõĿŹһǰˡ
ȥ鹬ɣѾЩûȥߵŹԸ

鹬
Źһ£յһϡ
鹬ſڣŹֱŴ󲽽˹š
´ʱѩһûһļ˵лſڵĵӱ˴𣬽žͼ߽˵
һ㶣û뵽ִѩ׷ɵѩ
Ӧ죬˻µĺӣñץסһ㣬һ鲻ӭֽһ϶ĴϽغá
ŹѵƤ멵ĿƼС
һһЦոǲ£Сıײˣ
ûУϿˡŴնزϵ
ʱѾߵǰĿȴ´һڵģ˱ڽУֻ¶һСԴ
ˣƵϵĽԱֻǸղžеѣںöˡ
¶һԲı飬ԱߵĲԶ
ȻЦЦܶ޺ܺƭ
ҡҡͷƭ
㻹ƭޡ
ҡҡͷƭϡ
ԣüһһɲŭղʲôѵƭޣ
죬ûٿںŪ
Աߵѩ·ϰֳһ㣬Լ˲赹ˮĻüͷûһ¡
Źڣ񿴲ڽѵһȫ̱ûһ˿仯
ȴǸѽүҲƭ㿴ѵ˰ɡ
檸ղֻǽһС죬ѩšίͰ͵ؽ͵
ţԼСŵ㣬ŵ˷纮ͺáʵˣҲŻࡣ
¾ȵ죬һŵϲ𣿡
ȴ¶ؾȱһӶЦˣΪҪ㣬㲻˵ֻǿһС졣
ȻֳһϵĽ٩ҹڽȷʵܱůģһ㡣
˻ˣΪģŲء
ü۴Цááãģһ㶼󡣡
Ͳ󡣡ش˷ܣ̲סСֹһ䡣
Ц⣬·òģǡǡǣ˵˼ܶòʣ˭ҲȲ
£˵粻˵أֱּǿ
ȴֻ븧ŮѺ尡


232 
Цֹһ֮󣬿ԭƵ飬ڷһЩ
ſʵ̫̫ĲΣ
ҡҡͷʵʵ˵Ǻܺã̫ҽ˵컹ãȥ
ȥΣڲС
ԣСֱ֣ϣڰοϿģ̫̫˼Ҽ࣬϶ġ
ȻǴԽߣ̫̫󵽵һȥģĲǺ
ṩκõϢ
ֿ鲻αϣ̫̫мοʹ
˾ô˫꣬Ȼ֪̫̫ΪһЩԭϲȴϣ¶̫̫󹧾мӣûһ˿Թ֮ġ
ԣ¾ΪޱףŻǰ˵̫̫ĲǣҲ˵ⷽί
۾иоҪǲ˵ҲףҪû˵ٶҲá
ֻᷳԼ£˼ҹȥȻƵøԶ˿ӡ
ԣ̫̫Ļ⣬ܱܣʵڱⲻˣҲֻģ˵Щ̫̫ĺû
ÿҲԼҲڡ
ڿȷʵ뿵ûΪ̫̫ϲֱ
֪ǲһֱ
¶һ˵ı֮У룬ֻΪΪ̫̫ĲģȰο䡣
뵽ֻΪԼЭеˡ
˵й̫̫飬˾ת˻⡣
ַ֣ŵδ¡ĶϣĵʵôûﲻʣûԹԵģ
һʻ̲ס͡һЦȻЦһô࣬ӦȻشһźأ
ƤǴЦҲҵ٩
üûأֻ˵ʵѣ˹檣檻Ǻܸ˵ġ
˵Ƥԩ㲻ɣ޾ţʱĺӣǧҪһͷ۾ͺá
һ˵ﾹȻмĻãܸϽ
ʱ򣬿϶Ǹһ龫֡С磬С
Ļˣڷﲻã檿˵ŲãʵϲϲĽء
ԣڱ˵ʵˡ
̲סЦͲֵ㣿
ܣ檾ŵˡ
ʱûˣرڴ򲻵ããֻܺš
ڸоеͷͺ
ƼԼ޿κεģһ̲סС͵Ц
ʱ䲻ֻһСֶŴѩϽȥˡ

һѩ԰װعɷǺÿ
ֻһɺɫ멣ߵĴŮģ԰Сйѩ
ΪҪȥ̼Ѿδ˺õˡ
ʱĵʵӣƲ⣬̫̫ܲܰһ⣿
ҡҡͷϴżص˵
֮ǰ̫̫Ĳпɣûرأգ̫̫Ĳ鲻û˿ת˵мصĺۼҽҲݡ
õǵ̫̫Ĳ顣
ϣ˼̾
ԭΪУԼܶ޼Σû뵽ȴ̫̫
һүﻹʲôޣѾСûˡ
ֱ͸
ϣɡ
ȴǣ̫̫ܲܺãҪδѣʼ׼ˡ
ҪȻȵķ׼ɾˣ׼̡֮
ʱǰͤд˵
ֻһŮϣγҲ֪ܲϣǰʱ򣬻ϲѩѩˡ
˻һ㶣ô֪ү鰮ء
ţһСŮٵһȰɣ˵·ء
Ůӻصģٵһȡ߰ɣٵǼ÷һߣҲϻȥҲ˵
˵գ߳ͤӣߵСŮ
ȴûг෴ķȥˡ
ӣڡСѵ
΢΢˵ͷƼˡ
˵˻תͷģûоãƽôơ
ԣĻƬ̣صӲ˵ū澻ûأƽĴױ磬ɲģ𡣡
ѽϧƷƷүע⵽ı¶ûУֱֻӡ
УԾشżֶڵӡ
ļƷǰƷվĵط
Ȼ˵ȴͻȻһ֮ǰôû뵽ء
ڷԸȥ֮ϲں󹬺úѰһѰûгмƵĹŮ
˵ǰƷֻƷǲƷȻ֮أ˸ϳʱ
ʱһã˭˭ƷɾͲ˵ˣ˵ƷҲгΪһ졣
Ʒ˰ɡ
ѧϰôˣҲûע⣬ɼǸõģء
ٿˣмʸУ㣬ʳ֮ζ
󣬶ʱǰһУҸòƵˣλá
΢΢˵ͷĬ뷨Ҳ˵̫磬ҵ˵ɡ
ңҵˣҲҪúѵһʱ䣬ɵó˭֪ʱǲѾˡ
ȴ룬һ˵ûãӦһҲǲġ˵̥˭֪һ᲻ʲôë岻á
һ룬ľȻֵͦá
Ҳԣ󲻳ɹӦһҲ
ʵһӽˣȻһ˰ˡ
Կ˵ӣȻǲɵ飬˵ὫԼȥ
ҲֻһЩȽº͵ķӳˡ
˵ʵ֪ԼһջΪһС˶ʾ֭
ǰֱ붼飬ȴʵķˡ
ö£ִƹ԰
ûżºǰȥһ
Զ׼϶û
ϾæĽͷöǸй飬԰ѽ

ⳡѩ¹ûãϽԽĺ䣬˵һˮɱΪ
ۼ꼴٣̫̫Ĳû˿ɫ˵ڳŲԤ֪ķչ
ֱ齶ˡ
֢״ʱѣʱԡ
ǿҽǰ̼ĸλɣļ٣Ǻļдϡ
󣬿Ȼǰæµʱ̣һԣǰ̫̫̼
ٹĻ̫ˡ
Ȼ̫̫ѵʱȰ˵Գ͢ΪأҪ˹Ҵ¡
Թִ̫̫ǰҩ˵ÿջͬεļλҽҹԼյ̫̫Ĳҩ
Ψһͬľǿ̫̫Ȱ˵ÿ峿ǰǬ幬μӳᣬȻһЩۣŲ˴
߰յæµۿɼٶȣ


233 
̫̫أ̼ʹҲüڳǬ
ֻ壬λλһ̼
ԭʹһͲ̫ãڻҪǰۣɰߵ١ۻˡ
ʱ飬ֲܲȥ
١ֻܳŻʹְϢʱϢٲģֲҩģǲҪǮĺȥ
͸λɶƴڹϣСɸǲҵ͵ʼížıԼ
еĴѪеҹﲻ˯ûûҹĳд飬Ϊֻ̫̫ϣ˼տ
ɼôŬ̫̫ĲȻת
ʱ¼㻳̥Ҳ̫͵ֻܾЩʱ䣬೭д飬Ȼ͵ķù
Ե̫У˵졣
رеʱ򣬸ٲ̵ɣҲֻԼһЩ
ھһµָ̥Ĳ
ҾǮ̫ҽٴҲ˵ֻҪȥ;ûⷢĻȵ̥ĸʱͻ̥ĸµ̥ûʲô
Դˣ¼ȸˣοԼһµҩûа׳ԣҲûаܡ
ҪϢ׽ѩͷּ֪⣬˲֪
֮»Ǯ̫ҽһҪϢ⴫
Ͼ˰ȵ̥ûڻʱһĸƣһΪ̥ŷֲĹϵ
Ҫܱס̥ϢһȥȴģɾͲ˷ƽ˾ˡ
ԣǮ̫ҽĻһı̥ûкת״
ټ̫̫أλҪ̼λҪдΪ̫̫ת˺󹬺ܴһעΪʡȥ˲ٵ鷳

ڣŻδùڣͿʼ̵Ż²ֹ
״ѩϽǰĴűޱȣȻѲǵһֶ
ԱߵķֺͰһͨæȥˮȥò󻹲óһ÷ͼŹ۳ڿԤš
˺һֱθ¸ɾڷֺѩİ£ϴڡ
һʰ׵ĿڴӭЪϢɫ̸Ϻÿ
̲סԵķ֣֣»ҪãŲˣÿҶµúܡ
һ֮ǰ׼õĹ۰һһɿǵİοӷģҲ飬ܿͻȥˡ
˵ŻٰõĹۣŵڴߴٵӿѹһѹһЩ
Խӹ
µ״Ѿ˺üգղ㣬˵ʵصģڻ˵ܳԵ㶫
Ҫصʱ򣬱˵ˣºֻһ
ʱ򲻶࣬Դ¿ʼ֮Ҳֻζѡ
ټԱоḻķһЩܵķӣ°ȵĶȹô졣
ֻһǰ׼Ҳее㰾סˡ
ڳԹһ֮ǹɶĸȥ˴롣
Ъһ˼÷ָһЩҲû˸ղǰܵĸо
ϵĿӣ¿ʼš
û취Ϊ˶İܸӪһֱǳ£֮ټԣ˷
еͼѣҲֻԼһᡣ
γԽȥʳû֮ǰǰ㶼˳ԼԵķѩˣҲһ
űϣһųԱĶӣһͬԵķл̫̫Խãϣ˼
Ȼ̫̫һֱ޸У£ȴϣµһ
Ϊ̫̫һڴʱްţǾǹɥ״治һܳŵⳡɥ¡
飬ֲѡ
ԣ̫̫̫һȥˡ
ȻҲĵģҲ֪ȷʵǷĵʵ뷨
ֳƬ̣ǿڵӵǺõģֻ˭Ҳ˵ãӻҪи׼Уܵʱš
µû뵽ֲûбܻ⣬ϵĽ׼ɼмĽӵġ
Ͼ̫̫£ڹǸɻ⣬˵һ㶼ֻ˵ЩɻĻֱʵʵ˵
˵ʵ̫̫ڵĲ˵ǲأ˵ǵһһֻѾ˹Źء
ֻǲǿҽкܶˣĴôˡ
¸̾Ҫ꣬Ҫˣ׼ΣȥĻǵȥ϶㲻ȥġ
˵գֵͷһԼδ¡ĸ
һ̥治ʱǰû㻬̥˲˵ڸոеɫɻûأ̫̫ص顣
СӼֱ˶ѽ
Ȼû˵ʵҲԼֱ˵˳Ҳûʲôεģֻϣ̫̫ܳŹ󣬵ʱ̥ĸ£Ҳȹˣ㲻ϲµģ˾ĵĺܡ
΢΢˵ͷͬµĻ
뷨ˣΪµˣҲ̫̫ܳŵ󣬿ԸԼһ㻺׼ʱ䡣
˭˵֮£˵׼
ԣֻǿڿοµӿģ˵Ҫи׼Ҳ̫죬ڻҪú̥ǡ
֪Ϊãϣ̫̫ͻȻްŵ׼ϣ̥ܰЩ˼ǡ
ֵĻȥˡ
ļգһߺú̥һ̫̫һͻȻްŵ׼
罫һЩɫޣȴִ۵ٱ֮ǰѾʼĵɫ·ӿٶȷƣȵȡ
Ȼ飬Щʱ䣬ʤԴӷֺͰֱ֮Ƚϳ㣬׼൱ݵġ

ֻ鵽󣬵δԸǰ㷢չ
꼴Ҫٵǰգ鷿ڳд飬ͻȻɥ
¶ʱһë֮һֽһڵī㡣
Żδд𾭵ֽǳױˡ
Ѿ룬Ѹٷëʣȥ
ֻǻδ鷿ӭӭǰѩ
ӣ̫̫ްˡѩһŵ
΢΢˵ͷɥˡ
ﵹ˵꣬ĵһڻˡ
˵ʵۿ꼴컹ң˵̫̫ܰ꣬˭֪վ͸˸
Ըȥ뷶ֹ
ʱ䲻Ƿϲʱֻ̫̫ͻȻްţҲ˲ôˡ
ǡ˵գѩתȥޡ
ܿ죬ĺ֮ҲɥĻƣҼҴҳλþ£
ţƽС˳ЩܵС̫ǣҲٶȻصȴԼӵķԸ
˵ʵȻ֮ǰѾ׼Ҳǵһ顣
ڷٶȼ죬ժϵʱ޵Ĳ¼ҴҸ


234 
һһĵһ
˵ʵиʲôĺܶ࣬ٲʲô飬㲻ҲҪӲͷƤϣҪԼİ
ڲͬʲô׵飬ֱḻķ
Ͼ˼ǰţЩ˶СʮΣɲǰ׳Եģټ̫ǰźͳ涼
ɱʲôİӣҪǿĶĶࡣ
ֵ鿪ʼþȻ
˳εۡТ»ʺ󣬻ТʺϺТѻʺť»ϵ˵ĹɥһӦᳵ·
һָˣһ㷸ɻĶˣһѩ˸Ͻ»ɫºͱůɫװ
Щ·̫̫һֲԾʱ򣬾ͽƳģó
Ϊ֪»ᱻĸλÿ飬˲ֹһװеԱůΪеǱʡ
ϴһԱůΪǺ˵㣬Ǳůѽ
Ͼůܱȶëúãȵźÿλã;ʱٻʵװҲ١
ԣҪůһá
ȻҲҪͬȥæʱû˽ɥϵһЩ顣
Ϊʱǲһߵġ
ټڻӣע࣬һŲҪµġ
ޱȣһΪĺӵģɥϼ鵣ģǵ״̬ܲܳⳡɥ
һʰ׵¿ڵֺѩͬȥ֮Ұĵ
˵գתԱߵķֿͷۣһˡ
ָϽӿԭūģӾǲ˵ū϶ҲҪȥġ
û˭Ȼ۷ֺȥɥϵһδ֪ϣиס
ˣ˳

Ϊ̫̫ްţʱԺڵɼĴҴҵ̫๬Ůȥȥ
ˣÿҲûյЦģɫݡ
ڣɥĹˡ
Щٶȱ»ѸٵɣѾһɫװ˶ڵȴλɡ
֮󣬼໥ҲǰõЦԣ㶼£˵̫Ļ
·ǳʱڣץסѱˡ
Ϊºóʱδ밲ĳ֣˺治ѣĴš
Ȼ໹µĶӡ
ϾѿĸµУðɣղŵĸ¡
ԣ鹬ر֪̥Ǻãǲá
رھȻ̫̫ɥ¡
һ룬ͬ˵֮
̥ҲͰˣѲɥ£Ҫڣʱ̥֪ܱܲס
Ƕʱ¶ϧ֮״
ԴˣֻѾλԬӦڰͲһֱ̥ɥ̥ء
˷ͷ֮ޡ
ΨһΪµĵľǽõŹˡ
Ϊڶ棬ֲ˵Щʱ˵ĻŹҲֻĵĿ¡
Ϊ˲Ź˵ģֻܻһĵ
˵Ƭ̣ڴ
ΪλɱЩСҪæöࡣȥǰ鹬ߵһ̯飬Ҫףܳ˲ӡ
Ϊ̫̫ްţرڼµ֮ζ
һʱڴ̼ΪλԱߣټ̫̫أһֱûҵʵĻᣬ̫̫˵뱧˻õ顣
̫̫֮󣬸ǻ˯һ󣬺Ϳһһѣ߸Χһˣ͸ûлˡ
ҪȻ̫̫ȥǰһּܲ˵»֮ǿٺò顣
ʱүٲԸ⣬̫̫ǰµּܲүҲΥ档
ֻ˵ʲôˣɻû뵽̫̫궼û֮ͦȥˡ
ңȻ̫̫һ涼δ
һ룬ϸһƬµ񶼴һ˵ꡣ
ȴһͷˮװΪλѵҲͬڻ̥֮ʱ̫̫ɥ¡
Ҳܿ췴ӦԼڼ˸й֮󣬻صؿѯһ
µӣɥϣҲй˲õʱöҪעЩҪﲻʣҲҪӲţʹ͹֪һǶõġ
仰ͽΪλĹĺͻݣֵ쾡¡
ԣҲ֪ɴ˻Ĺֻǳ滰ǻǻصллģ檶עŵ㡣
ڰɿ˵֮£Ҳֻû̫ȥ
ҪŰ˵ˣʱĭӶ˵Т֮Ļ
岻ʣҲʹӲɥϾģ˭μɥﰡҪǶҸɲμӣ̫̫ɥҪûˡ
ԣ̫̫ɥûʸ˵岻ʵģǲ²ۡ
Ȩʱ˵ûȨ
ɶ±һΪλĹֿ֮ڸڳλɽһЩɥҪע飬鹬ǰ
·ϣע⵽ϵĳӦһֱͣĿԡ
һĵӦǵ˷纮ɡ
뵽ֿܣһͬһ³ӦùӣŲҪȥ̫̫٣һĬĬԶ˳Ӧߡ
ҪǲСıӦȾϷ纮ǻУҪ̫̫ٵģֱҪ
ԣΪԼС룬Ҳ˲ôˡ
ͬͬ飬Լǿɾ̫ɵˡ
ԱߵĳӦҲСԭСڳ˹ס
еСԣôԶ˵ˣֲһܴȾϣһͬĶûУǻʱԼΪ˵Ĺء
ˣ
Ȼﰵ˸Ѫͷա

ɲɣ˸߳鹬ûͬˡ
ϣӸ¿ŸԼˣϸϸĸԴżֻް
֮ſڽ
λͬ΢ѹּ֮
ʱĴڣѾΪһƬɫĺ󣬶ҵںԺڣʱʱصĿ
էһһ磬һŵסԷֵ֡
ˣ֣ʾ
ͰλȻŰ֮ɫȴ൱򶨡
Ĵ£ЩСɣȥ
ȽϽĹ鹬ǣǵıȽɡ
мµĻʹ͹ˣ֪ڴ̼
Ϊһҹδߣ˵ɫм㲺ƣĻʹ·һʹģۡ
Ѿ˼ޣҲֻӲͦš
Ͼʹλֳͬ϶Ҫ򣬲֣ѵС


235 
һ󣬻ʹɼ˵֮󣬱˿ʼַТ¡
ȥ䣬ʼТ¡
ֻ򣬶ɿʼ½½ټϸԴĹˣʱˮйͨ
һȴТµɣֻõԺȺ
ʱֳźµĺôˣˮɱĺ£治˴ĵطֻվһͶ˶š
飬ǲҵ飬ٶͦ죬ТµٶҲ졣
˲һʱ䣬ɾ㶼ѵ룬ʰ׵
»ȺмӦ
ԴǼ֮ӦһֱڱУ¾ûмǰ˵һμ棬̫̫ɥϡ
·ɫӦɫǺܺãѾʧȥյĺɫʣԵмƣӹĲôá
ֻڵĹϵѾ˷ǣû˴кıҪ
ԣƹһӦ֮󣬾Ѹתߡ
ӦȻҲƼ
ֻ뵽󹬴ϢԽܳ費˵̥˵ɬζ
ԭҲһ죬ȴΪĳ˵˽ģӲĻˡ
ԱߵĵӦڳһ֮¶һ˵ı飬ͷ΢΢һ
ôʱǸ¶ˣҪȻ׳䣬ܽܵġ

ʰ׵ʹ˿ʼɴǰ
ڣ²Ĳѵúͻ̫󣬻ЩûĿ
һʱ䣬Ϊ̫̫Ĳ飬˵󹬣е鶼ѹ˲ϣҪĳһԣֻҹڴ̫̫ǰ
ֻҪ̫̫һѣѸǰ鿴
ҲΪһʱҹۣ˲ǴϣǾϣЩ̫ã㲣ݣݣʵдա
ҪϸĻԭȻЩգҲ΢΢һ㰼ݣûǰ緢ȡ
ɼ̫̫ϣ̫ľ
ֻǵ󣬻δס̫̫
ɸͻ̫й֮»λۿͨ죬ǲǰ޹һ
ȻӦǾ䡰ж᲻ᵯֻδĴĻ
˵ʵĿǴδġ
ΪǰԶһЦģ㣬㲶ֱˣǷϺ˸С
ɼ֮֮֮ŻλرעĵѾȫԼ
ʱ˿̣һңûΪ̫̫ĲϲͲڿǰ˵һ̫̫ĲǣҲδ˵Լί
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Ͼ˵ģ˭֪ԼĴڣ᲻Ϊպͷһ̡
أڵ̫̫ǰûийԼ顣
һ룬ͷһ̲סüͷ
ͷһԼĸ￪ʼͶõĽˡ
¾Լܿ൹νȴϣԼĺӸһܿࡣ
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·ֵĿλã㲻ǶãҲ㲻϶಻á
˵ΪλڵڣøЩһԺ˵ãλЩſڣ⣬ܴһ㡣
ڵ˵̿裬ټɥԱڶ࣬ǿԵġ
һõǣԾȻƽԸƽˡ
ֻҪһ뵽Ҫһ̫̫鼸գʱĲС
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֮ǰȻ׼ֻ浽ʱ򣬲еĸܵһһ붼ޱߵľء
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˵ʵҪܳŵס϶ǲֳ£ġ
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ˣﰵһ˴ȻϵҪ֪࣬Ҫ˵һˡ
ԣһߺŲŲпĸȵһЩȻһСʵã֪̫̫ްţޱѹҲҪ˼һԼӰö̥Ҫи̣˼ôߵİء
һһͣϵ޷졣
ֻһĻùǿ٣Ҳʱʱעƽء
ƽ˶ʱ˸̫ˣ̫̫ɥϣȻҲĿŵĸС
д
أ˵С޿κΣܽҴ١
رֳϣ̫˲Ϊ̫̫ᣬһԱ
ԣҪҲܲ˵ֳȲ˵棬˵ֱɱĶС
Ųǲ̫ĸǲǺĹء


236 
ƽʵ߲˲ӣȻҧгݵĵ˵ɲҪ̫֣̫̫ɥϡ
¾ҲûŻװģ۽ǵΣ޵Щ
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ֻ˸ڸøԵͬСһ㡣
ʱ˵ƽˣΪжпڸоЩ
ټ϶彡ֳøǡϵá
ƽµģҲû˾ʲôԾ
ؼΪ룬һ̫̫ްţֵĻ֡
Ǵ˲˵ǡ

пŶˣڳŹ˵һεĿ٣ֻǲûվоȶԼˡ
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лл㡣¶Ŷʵĸл
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Ȱο֪ö̫̫ľأֻ˲ͬúαΪԸأƽøϽ
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237 
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ټƽûٸһӵۣʵ࣬һ絹ǹĻ
ûŹп˶һʱ䡣
ֻǵڶ֮󣬲ǽո˿ٰͣɥգÿտΣ硢СһΡ
ӵտʼÿտΡ
Ϊ⣬硢һΣȻһΡ
½ӵϢ󣬲㵱εüֱ̫ٵˡ
֮ǰһֱ֧ͷ֮ԻȥúϢڿɵãꡣ
õ
ȻҲֻһˡ
ţԷֵ֣һȻȥɣѩҾС
ˣûѩãܳŵסؼ⻹Ǹսۣһµ顣
ҿô˭֪᲻ڳ۶λТڿʲô鶼óġ
ȴҡҡͷӲõģūŵסֻǸūūǸӺӶӵ̥
µ屾ûôãɥǸǿȵҲ֪ԼܲܳŵΪ˺ǵġ
Ҳ̾ҲûãֲܲҲֻһһ
󣬷ֵûԼȥǴ˿ɥŸһص鹬
ߣƽ֪Լӽտ϶ùͱһС
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Ϊ̫ۣմߣһҹ˯ûر㣬ر
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ʲôֶûȻֻ֪Լӵһ㻳ɣرġ
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ֻǷֶ㲻˽⣬Բ֪һʲô㣬Ҳ֪ζ᲻Σ
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ֻת󣬱㽫һƧĽ䣬ӣūոȥƽתһȦȷʵŵǹζֻūȴûųζǺϷģζȷʵã֪ӽô죿
ԣ°˵ƽٶôأԭŻء
һʱ䣬ȴַѡ
Ȳ˵ɥϣֻ˵ֻǻƽ⣬ȴûʵԵ֤ݡ
Ҫˣ϶ճ
Ҫһ㣬ƽ̫ӵĸǺҵĹѰ顣
ȻЩǶ̫Ӹǿأûȷ֤ݣ֤ƽ˵ҶкҲǲƫġ
һݾߣƽ׼ֱ֤Ҳ˵
һʱ䣬ѵľء


238 
˼Ƭ̣ԷֵҸ١ùϵҪȻ¸֪ʹ˵һʹԸԸִ£ԸĻٺò飬ҪǲԸĻ취־Σ
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ү
ոջƽˣۼȥʱѾŵ̱ڵأɫɷףû˸ղΪҹơ
涵Ŀſϣˡ
Źˣ˵һǺοա
ʵʵԼĹ˲ͦ𣬷ҪںˣֱӰԼ˰ɡ


239 
ƽϳңȻѾʵǰȴûȥӣƳһһֱȺԵԺС
Ժл⣬ǰǰ̫нӹöµĻңȻŵԼǼ⴦ᡣ
үгһЩõ֮⣬д㣬үҲ϶ʱһŵ޷ǳʱŵĻշиӹӶɻ̥رеᡭ
Ļ˵˼ԶǾƽǹģģҪȻҲУһӷô㡣
رƽˣֱĿ
Ժеж֤ʵǰͷƽû˸ղŵķŭ
Ͼƽ˸ղŵķٶѾ˵һС
ƽۼԼ֮¶·ƱҲ޴ӽƱ磬Ҳ֪ȥ㿪ʼ޿
ү֪ˣ̫ӵϣһذɣԺҲˣү
ƽ˺̫ӣҲں̫ӣ̫ӵ棬ҪĻֻһ·ߡ
Ҫǣû£ҲĴ˻롣
ոѹȥĻʱΪĻֱȼ
ŭ̫ӣôǰ̫ӣҪ̫ӣô˶£
˵գƽһţ˭ģײǹ
ƽ˶ʱ޵øˣүģҲˡ
ԽǿߣԽ鷳ꡣ
ƽҪһƽСˣðˣԺݺݵĴ
ǡ
Ԫϵã̫ӵĸ󱳿ңЩ֪δԭ
һʱ䣬淸ѡ
ΪطƽˣֲΪƽ̫֮ӵ棬ҪֱӶ˺ҪΪƽ졣
ԣ˼Ƭ֮ŶԱߵŹŹ˽ƽͻסٲ̤Ӵ⹬벽˵ƽΪ̫̫ްŶĹȣֱӲˡ
ȻЩǿڳ˼ȷʵе˵
һƽ˶ʱˡ
Ͼ˻˵úı䲻ʵһͬϴεĽһ£ڵ
ԣʧƽˣҲ˲ԼȽűߣµؿſˡ
и䲻̫ӣϣ̫ܿӵϣĹһء
ϧƽ˵Ž̲ģѾûġ
Ϊ˱⵨Ĵ¶̫ӣԲƽο߰󣬿һΪ
ܿ죬Źָżǰֱ̫࣬ӽƽ˴뿵ߡ
һĿٴξŵʥϣ޽ס죬˳˷䡣
Ժмˣæſ˸Ȼӷ˳
һʱ䣬ڰ
̧֣üġ

ԺһƧķڣǮ̫ҽڸ°ֺͰԡ
һεĿ٣ֱûȥɣɹǮ̫ҽ
һ߿Ǯ̫ҽΪһ̲סСؿʵǮ̫ҽֻ˰ǶԶӵ̥ӦûʲôӰɡ
Ǯ̫ҽԼĺ룬ʱ̣֮˵Ӱ첻ֻǹ̥֮ǰδȹָ̣̫̫ɥ̫ۣ΢ҲҾԱ֤ⶫͲ̥һӰ죬΢ǽ˺һʱҩҲܸ˷һЩ
ԣͷһ
Ͼ֮ǰʱһֱֻ˰죬ӦöԶӵİûʲôӰŻûʧ̬ġ
Ǯ̫ҽȻ˵ʲôҲұ֤Ӿһ£ʱ㷲
￪ʼ̲ס˼룺󲻻һεСӰɡ
һ룬֮ǰƽûʲôߺ֮ĵ£ȴŪƽ˵Ķˡ
һ˿ҵǮ̫ҽٺúðҰѰʲôȵĴʩܽӰ콵͡
ֻҪһ뵽ΪԼĹʧСһмߴ̥ʹĳּʹʣѡ
ǷֱȽ˽⹬̫ҽ·˵һһ룬ҪΪԼú·
ڼǮ̫ҽģԼֻҪúóҩӵ̥Ӧⲻ
Ǯ̫ҽ˵ҲֻΪΪ̫ҽСĽѣҲ¸̫ϣһ£Լ˱
ȻǮ̫ҽԼĻŵòᣬæڰοҲ̫ģҲֻ΢ļѣʵԶûôΣգ˲ֺֻ̫ܱɡ
£ʱ˵ʲôˡ
Ǯ̫ҽվ΢Ѿǰȥϻ£΢иˡ
˻˼һڵǮ̫ҽȥʱܲܽҵ˵ôһ㡣
˵˴мֲ˼ʵҲûб˼ǲ룬šҵ˼Ǯ̫ҽ𡣡
Ϊ󹬹˴򽻵̫ҽĸ˾һĴڣȻû˵̫ףǮ̫ҽȴ붮
ڵ˼΢ס
ǲΪ̫̫ɥ
Ҳ˵뷨Ͼ̥ɥڼ˶ӣ׳µĵط
οã緢ƽ˵쳣ûơ
˭ܸұ֤һλ˺õȥһδεء
Ͼֻǧȴûǧշĵ
ԣǮ̫ҽ˻˼
Ҳ˼ͨ͸ñͨظ֮ˣ֪ʲôԼΪҪΪԼТģȥգȥǸ
ԣǮ̫ҽǰ˵һ䣺Ļ΢Ҳǽھ̥ĺá
˻İͬʱҲλǮ̫ҽλˡ
˵ʵ»Ǯ̫ҽԼ״ڿǰ˵һ㣬ӱܸ̫̫ٵ飬ٴ˵֮⣬Ҳǲÿƽ֮£Űˡ
ȻϣеãϾƽ˵ݰԪã̫ӵĸںΨһŮ
ÿһݣɼĴڣҪÿƽº֣ʵǿء
ֻ̫ӺͺҵһͲͬ⡣
ټƽȻ˴£ȴûʲôʵԵ˺͸ƽ˶ˡ
ҲֻǸ˺δˡ
Ǯ̫ҽߺһ߸ԼĶӣһ߶ԵķֵӦûû°ɡ
⻰˵ԼҲѯʷֵ˼
ԣֿοӿģūں󹬶֪̫꣬ҽΪµΣϲ˵һһˣӶӵ̥϶µġ
˵ֻ˰գʱֲûгָʹ͹֢״϶µġȺȹǮ̫ҽҩ϶ҩһ֢ûС
ԣһЩ
˵ʵʱҪľ׽ˣ˵Щο϶ĻŻһЩ
ˣһڷϢһߵǮ̫ҽȥôصϢ
ֻϣһ˳ܾصԼס
Ϊʵڲڴȥˣܾ˶Ļš


240 
ڣԣȫڸ̫̫ɥϵһЩ顣
ֻŹ߽ڿԶ˼䡣
΢΢üڵȻУǾô󰢸縣ȥϢɡ
ֻδ󰢸縣Уаϲɫ
ŹӦ
ȴƵģ֪үΪ󰢸縣֮£ﲻˡ
Ȼͬ˲ͬѽ
Աߵԣ̲סʵ󰢸縣ǻˣ
΢΢˵ͷϻδϲɫ鵭֮ǰ˵Ǵ󰢸縣ڿٵʱεޱ̫ҽǰȥƣ󰢸縣һµУֻ֮ǰ֪Ϊֱ̫εС
ԣԣҲܲ³󰢸縣УΪβûϲɫ¶ˡ
Ϊ󰢸縣ڻһ£ӣһ̥̫̫ڼ仳ϵġ
رǴ󰢸Դ֮ҵݶҪո»ʳѲʲô֮¡
˵ʵԭҲûʲô˭û˽أ˵봫ڽӴֲǴ¡
󰢸ʹ̫̫زڼ䣬˼ҵĲҲͰˣһ˼Լ˴ҵʳ
Щˡ
˵ȥڼ󸣽ҪûҲͰˣ˭Ҳ֪˵ķ
ôĲɣûлϵĴ󸣽ȴƫƫڹϻˡ
ֱ֪˵󰢸ңǲˡ
Կ̫̫֮֮飬Ϣܸ֮˵Źء
һʱ䣬ԣҲ֪ǸͬԼֶӣǸùϲڵóԸˡ
ԣĬƬ̣ǿڵ⵹ϲһ׮ǰŴ󰢸յãֻһֱδԸڴ󸣽ڻֵɥεһûСɼǳ챣ӡ
ԣǴڿǰΪԼֶ˵û벻ǸӶˣΪ˸
ֻǿǼӲ仰ı֮ˣҲֻǲ̲˸ȫһ䣺˵ǡ
ﵽǺ뷨ֻԼ
״ԣȻðű¼ɵΣգˡ
Ͼ󰢸ʶ֮ģҲһյˣҪΪԣ˵ҪǴ󰢸һˡ
ڣһʱ˳Ĭ
֮ǰȥµŹܿת󻹸Ǯ̫ҽ
Ǯ̫ҽȸԣȫ
ڽС֮ȿ˵̥Σʲô󰭣
Ǯ̫ҽ㽫֮ǰ˵һ˵ǣָһ
ֽ˶̥֮ǰʱδȫãշ̥Ũ㣬΢Ľ飬˳ҪٺһӵҩԴһʱΪãٳ⡣
˻һ֪ƽ֮£ȻЩӰ죬վûɲصĺ
֮ǰһֱһĵġ
Ǯ̫ҽ˳ҩԴ̥֮£顣
ϾǸոշ˴󰢸縣С˻ȥϢ顣
ԼõĴ󰢸޶˿ݣԼ谮ȻҲ̫οֻǻȥϢС顣
֮󣬿㴫ǰ룬ȥ˴ͣԶ̥ΪأټΪ̫̫٣múϢ
⻹㣬ַԸŹ׼һЩĺöҩģȥǱߡ
һͨԱߵԣȫһһ㶵ģ档
Ͼλǰһ̻Ϊ󸣽֮£鲻ãתͷȴԼ󹬻еɣʼ꺮ůһ鰲ŵľ
ԴҲ̫˰ɡ
֪֪Ǹʵۣ֪ĻΪǸʲôĵĹء
ٶȣֱԣ۽硣
˵ʵԣȻԺ󹬲Ǻ˽⣬λˣ˵һġ
Ӧ˵˵ĲٴԣֺһλԻ־мӡТ˳ܣȴûΥ˻ֵ˼λһĳ谮мӣúɺ޵
˵ʵԣ֮ǰԼҸʱҲǽŽɣǸͲš
ǿǰһĻԣ֮ǰĲţͱ˹Щԡ
һЩԣй֮޲
ֹܺǳ谮λѽϲĲ˰ɣҪȻôֵĺͰء
ýձιһ칷ԣʱСܵ˲Сĳ

ȴںԺСڵ£ڽӵĿ֮Ȼֿ˻
ΪڴֻܰԻϲȴֳܱ
뼴Ҫȥ֮ʱ²ðİˣڰиʹ˸ɫ
⡣
ΪͬǬ幬ͬ£ĺȻʶġ
˹ϵ·ϸƽ·֮󣬿Ĵá
룬鱾͸йϵǰҲв֪øҲ޷
Ա㽫ƽ˵Ĵȫг˵˰
Ȱת¾ȲʵôϢûУδƽ˵ģ
Ҳ֪Լļƽ˵³Ҳûӣֱӿڵ˽ƽͻӴ⹬ס˿ͣٲóӴ⹬벽һûо޵һ֡
ȴ˵ǣ˵ƽΪ̫̫ްţĲˣҪ
˻¶ʱóһڶҶڿƽ˵ҲǼΪ⡣
Ҳ֪˱ƽˣ̫̫ɥس֮⣬Ϊά̫Ӻͺҵ档
Ҳнƽ˼£߽λһȻٷųĳͷҪõöࡣ
»ϲϲʰöŷֺͰˣ鹬
ڣһͻȻѩƽ˾㶼һ
±ðĸ˽һɥ顣
߼ˣԼȥˣֻܰĴ̥ͺá
ѩ֮һ߰һգԼãûбƽƳɹ˭֪һλû˺õˡ
һߣǻϲԼӲû̥ȥҲĵ±ơ

һοٽ֮󣬵һص͹ȲģõϢûУƽǱڵˣ
ĵˣƽǱү˽ߵģҺûлصɥϣū澲²ƽ˵鱩¶ˡ
·Ԥϵһ㣬ɫ˿û¶һ˿
Ψһû뵽ľƽ˻ûãȻ֮ľͱ˲ʶƣһү֪󻹲ˡ
ū澻ҲûвμһεĿ顣
һ׷˺£Ǻܺò²⵽ġ
ԽƽãС¶ãװ׶˺ҵͷԪֶΣǲ̫Զˡ
뵱ԪҲûٻɺͻã˼Ҿˮ©үмӣϡ
ƽһغ϶ŲֱӰˡ
Ϲ֮ǰһǻΡ


241 
һȦǷԸϲȥúôһ£оȥӴ⹬һˣǱҲҪǱҲҪˡ
ȻѾ²⵽ƽʧܣҪ֪ĽΡ
翵ƽ˵Ĵ˶ӵ̥Σû飬ҪȻΪûٳɥϡ
ӦūͰȥ
ţ̾˿
˵ʵѡƽƲԶ֣Ҳʵ֮٣ҪȻƽ˽յ³³
˵ƽ˵³磬Ϊ˼ƽô̫Ӻͺҳֻпһϧ֮顣
ϧ֮ǿסΪϧȻͶϧֱĻеռʱ˺ͣ϶ʲô³
ҲΪʲôѡԼ֣ѡĻֵԭ
ΪĴŮȻҲ׵Ϊ̾
ֻΪū澣ְģȻִԼӵڳ⣬̣ǲ
ƽӣζӳ£֪Ǹ÷Ǽš
ɣе᲻ãϾƽ̫Ӻͺһûе˵иĻᣬ˵Լպõʱ
ɲɣƽöڵͬڰŷӣһʱĻòϣʱ̫õĻֲš
ԣڸƽ˸òüһʱ䷸ѣϳĬ˺һ
֮Բ飬ȷţƽ˻ûüֵԺ
ʱֿڶĽӦǱ׼ΣҪûʲô谭Ļ;綯ְɡڿܵĽóᣬҪڱǰˡ
Ļصӷģū澺֥Ѿ׼ˣ¡
˵ͷ
̫̫ɥǧѷĻᣬǲŹģѾӦǰƵĹˡ
ѰҹŮ飬ҲҪץˡ
ѰţֻѰ˼̫⣬Ҳֻжū澾ǲɣûл㱨֪
ԣȥżֽϾǾͼңͲˣ󹬻Ҳһĳ
ǡӦ
ֻʱ̫ҪѰһģ̫ˡ

йƽ֮µŻʹҲаƽȥǬ̫˵һ
ԣʹӴ֮󣬾֪
١˲ٵ֮ż۵û뵽øүĿ顣
ʹһߺӸһߵ󸣽СүҲֲֻһˡ
١ȴȻˣ˵Щġ󸣽Ҫټȥ̥϶סү顣ɲһϾûΣյĵزŭүˣĿ顣
˵˴뵽ʹս֧Ųס壬١˼΢΢һ
ʵڲУҲȥүǰú˵һ˵ҲӵĿ飬ڵ״ʵڲټȥˡ
١ʵЩۻʹ࣬ոǿһڴæ
ȥʹŲɥ½˾ֱӵˡ
ʹ١ֵ飬ȴֱҡҡͷ
֪١ΪԼã֪ԼĵλΡ
϶Уүͬ˻ȥϢΪλݵ̥ͣȥϢɥҲ첻ʲôӰ죬ټǰд󸣽ڣ˵ʲô
ͬλǰţλߵģɥϻҪҪ˸үһԱľҪ˵ЩĭˣԴ־ͲҪˣ϶вͨġ
˵˴ʹżָ̾ƣٳһŰɣվǴɥĵգ֮϶ͻˣʱ򱾹ϢҲ١
ʹͬԼ飬١Ҳ˵ʲôֻܸ̾Ҳֻˣֻϣ̫̫ɥ¸Ͻȥ
ɥ̫ĥˣܽһˣˣү˵㿴ƽǿ׳һأڲҲݡ㲲
οʹԭಡ֮ˣڼֱԼ壬ʹӲš
޿κε顣

ҹůеƻͨΪһ̫طiֱĹڵϡ
̫ӵĶ棬ȴǶ̫ʦϵĿ
ֻˮдβסŭڸƽ飿
˻̫ͷ΢΢һ
û뵽˳ɫĺ꣬ˡƽ֮󣬶ŭ
ȻŭǺܴ󣬵ǴӺɫУ˲ˡ
̫Ӹҿ϶ҪĻ˵Ѿǰֱ̫ӽȥˡ
û취֪궯ŭҲΪƽĸ飬һֱû޵ĽӴ⹬
ҪȻ֪˹һЦ
Ͼһ֮ĸ˵㲻ʲôʵ顣
ԣδȥ֮ǰΣ͡
˵ˣ֮ǰѾߵȥˣƽȻɥϴװңŵʱ϶̣̥ûʲô󰭡
෴ƽ˵ĴȴҪضˡ
ٲóӴ⹬ⲻ൱ƽ𣬶һû޳һ֡
̫Ӳò顣
ʵҪ󲻸ߣֻǾúƽ˵ĴίʵЩ˶ѡ
˽һĻ
֪ĸ˴ﲻˣ뺹꿴ڶϣĸһΰɡ򺹰걣֤ĸεĽѵպ϶ٷˡ
˵գ̫һͷ
˾һԭЩŭĿʱһŭ֤ʲô֤Ѿǵһηˣǰʱ޿ϣһֻ۱һֻۣţʱڸĹθǱ䱾˶֮£޶÷̫ˣ
ԣ̫Ӷʱмֲ
ʲô䱾Ϊƽ˶˺İɣŻú
ǣ̫ӵ棬ѵȲһСҪ
ԣҪ÷磬Ҫ̫ӣӦ˵ûܾطiʱ˼ֲ̹
Ǿãƽǰ˵ЩȻûǱǡ
ҪȻҲΥڵ˼һֱ˳谮мӣ̥֮󣬸ǹػ˷̵Ĺˡ
ڸողǰ䲻Ϊڿ飬ȥϢ
һ׮׮һģǶһС˸е̬Ⱥʹ
̫Խ룬Խ޷޲ƽ
̫ǲͷ߷߲ƽı̵ŭٴαȥڵǰ޹ȥ
Ļ̫ȻֲԸҲ֪ԼΪƽ֮£Ѿŭ˺ꡣ
Ҳ޼£ֻÿŭ
̫ڸֿһͷ֮󣬾ʵʵ˳˷䡣


242 
̫һ˳䣬̲סͷ۵üġ
˵ʵƽ˳£ϵ̫֪֮󣬻һˡ
û뵽ǣ̫ӲûԼһģȻ¹飬Źƽˡ
ر̫ȻвΪȻı飬ʵ
ѵƽ̫ӵĸͿ飬ýܳͷ

ʱŹǰүȺȱ裬𡣡
˵գеĸ룬ķڿԱߵĸ߼ϡ
ڰο̫ͻСµʱүαضŭԸӣžˡ
߼ϵĸ룬һڲˮ̫ӽѾ14ٹ͸ôˣﻹСôʱ򣬶Тʺˡ
Źȴ̫үǰҲǸӡ
΢΢˵ͷЩΪͬŹ仰˵Ҳԡ
ţվԸȥС˯һʱūʱޣ޽Ҫ顣
ŹӦ
Ȼǰſ֣ԱߵĴȥ

գûȥ飬塣
Ӵ֮¾Ѿѩһٵ˵һðһ粻ٵ
˵ʵɽӵϢ֮Щġ
Ӧ˵һ̥⣬Կȥ顣
뵽հһο飬󸣽ɥϲС飬˵Ҳմ˴󸣽Ĺ⡣
鹬ǣ֪˲ȥ֮һۡ
ϾǸĥ˵رЩλݵ͵ɣֵĿλòǺܺãֱ
籾͵˷纮ĳӦֻ£˼صͷ
ȴƾ̥ȥˣβĽʡ
Ȼ̲סҪ˵ỰһԼĲ

Ͽ󣬵Ŀ֪Լ֪
û뵽˾Ȼ˽Сģֻʱ䣬Ͳƽ鲻˵˻ʹа
üĿ֪֮ͨ˿
Ǹˡ
֮ͱü򵥶ˣԿ˵ĳ谮ôܷƽˣ˺̥ء
Ȼƽ˱ǰȥ鷢
ƽһοֻΪ˵лͱһ֮ࡣ
ڸǣ̥֮£󣬾Ϊ̫ĸҲĲƽˡ
ֱͻصӴ⹬ٳ顣
ǴпΪ̫ģҪȻҲ˴»˵ƽ̫̫ȥĹȲˡ
µ̥ûг£ɳȥĹˣĲǺϸ
ܴЩѾܲˡ
ƽ˺˵˫˫ȱϯҲѾ˺ܶɵע⡣
֮Ȼйעµǰȥ
ȻյϢƽ˲ȱˡ
ٽͬûǰЩⲻҪһ룬ǲǷǲ֪顣
ıһ£ǲƽ˺֮䷢˲õ飿
ߣŵʱӴ⹬鹬ɴϢ
ֻЩͬڹ֪ϢҲǶ٣ȻҲ˵Ȼ
ǹĹ֪һЩ˲֪Ļ
ֻǿΪ̫ӵ棬ƽڣҲý鴫ȥֻװʲô֪顣
ͬΪ֮һԼ֪һЩĻֵ´ϢƲʼĩĴһȣȻҪѷɫ˶ˡ
˳ȥϢȴ޼ֻܴԼ²⡣
²ؼ߸߹
Ȼƽ˵λҲѾ֪ܲϿǰ򵥡
ֻҪʲô֪ĺͿˡ
ڻʱҲϾˡ
Դ󸣽ɥϲСֻ֮ҪһпУߵĹǰȥѯйڴ󸣽̥
Զƽ˺֮£һ㶼ġ
ֻĴ󸣽ĺܱܲסܲƽ»ʳ
ʣµЩλɣرŪʼĩ࣬ΪĽ㣬ҲֻܸɵۣԼϹˡ

磬ùţֺǮ̫ҽҩ֮󣬱㽫ƽС˳е˸ǰ
˵ȻѾȥ飬ȴܴϹʲôʱͶܳȥŵϢȻ֪
˵գѩ˸ЩǮҲ÷Ϣ֮á
ˣƽС˳˱㿪ʼȥ̽ϢÿճԺúȺãʼ塣
Ψһһ㲻õľ̫̫ɥڼ䣬˶մȣֻܳء
һЩĶСӣ᲻Ӫ㿪ʼ취Ӫ
ţ̣߲࣬ˮ档
һ֮ǰʳëʲôʳﶼʵһЩ
ǰʱ˵ԺҺƻñƤס
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ֹգƽС˳ǱҲ˲ٵϢ
ɥպ󣬵տʼÿյο飬ĳÿο顣
簴޾ףȥ֮ǲģҲ˵̫̫Ĺ餣ǲڹġ
Ϊ£ڴִûаĹذ죬ǼּҪ̫̫ڹꡣ
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ҲȰ˵Ȼֱڴ̫̫ǰ˿ʮꡣ
½ӵϢ֮˶ֱӾˡ
ֻ˵һ䣺Тﵱģһ֣
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Ϊʵ۶ˣɵףٵ󳼣Ҳ̫УҲֻܸſӲİš
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Ҫټϲ̫ҽһֱӵء
ʮ굽ȴΪ̫̫ްţʹ˵ϽǣԵø壬Ѽһ˿Цպϲ졣
˵鵽͸ýˣϾɥҲٴˣҲڹˣ̫̫ӦΪˡ
ǡǡ෴鷳黹ںأ̫̫֮ǰѵġ
һֹһ
Ҫһǲɷ̫ڣҲǻ̫һ𣬶Ӷһ
ֻ˵ţ
ؼǣ㰴̫̫԰죬Ҫġ
ȻǰӦ̫̫󣬵浽˰ʱȴһӷˡ
ֻܽ׺񲿹ԱĽû취顣
ȴͬ˴󳼵̫̫ĹƵ⣬ʱڳ빬С
Ϣһ˶һ
ϾΪ̫̫ɥ£һһ˹أʵᡣ
Ǳ
ֻҪͬǰ㷢չͺˡ


243 
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˵꣬ûع˰ɡ
ֳ˱ʣҪ
ԣûΪ˸̫̫Ҫ빬С
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ҲͰˣҪǰѻ˺ܶҴµſȥأãһһ
ڴ̣ȻһͨȰڿס˼빬֮󣬻ص˹
˵ʵʱڴ󳼣ѾλڵһƢûˡ
ֻҪ̫֣ʲô˵
´ƽϢ֮󣬶ʱҲ֪˵λʲôˡ
ϾҲһһĲľˡ
ʲôϹصһ㶼оϡˡ
Ӧ˵ҪǲΪ̫̫㲻ϹصŸеء
λ̫̫Т˳ӡ

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˼Ҫ̫̫ɥʮ£Ҳǲӡ
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֪Բ֮󣬲ûкúóҩ˵ȻΪ̫̫ްţЩģ鶼ࡣ
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ͷ֮ûκһΣʹϰģ鹬ֱǬ幬
´˴δŰĳҲԭġ
һǰıͳǬ幬Ϥ
ȥʱ򣬰ĿȥԼǬ幬Сãһ˵˵
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ʱ򣬿ȹҩûñ˯˹ȥ
ڵǬ幬ů֮ʱδ
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Ȼ˵¿϶ǲ龳£ġ
ֻ΢΢һЦ檲Ųأ˵̫۲ģᴫȾ檣Ϸıǡ
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ֻǾʱڣ֮ǰŬǰ׷ˡ
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˵껰Լһֱֻ֣Ӹ˿ڽĴϡ
Ȼ֣һԼĶӣһЦϸоһСһɣҲ֪ǲ檵ĴܸоСһ￪ʼ̥ˣֻ޵ģرԡ
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244 
δȻ˵Ļ´˴Ǭ幬ʱе㳤
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ǰſ֣Ҫúóҩԣ檵ģҪУ檻Żϴȥ԰ء
һǺ庢һ˵Żһȴֵ˵ͷ
һߺҽΪµβҩʼ
ˣŹһ
֪ԼȻǶԵģҪȻԼүĻβ
а취Ƶסүѽ

գйǰȥǬ幬飬ܿʹ˺󹬡
رһֱעǬ幬߶ļλλɣ֪ʱ䲻һЩ֪Ǭ幬Ĳ̣һʱų
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˵̫ԵĻֲɵӣ϶һۿʱûɣʥŭ
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һЩ뷨ɣڿ˳ɹ֮󣬱㿪ʼʾ֭취ÿע⵽ǡ
ٲãÿӡҲɰ˵շʱһ뵽ء


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ԣʱ˵ˣȻҲ뵽ֿܡ
Ĭ˺һſڵ̫̫˳֮󣬻̫˼϶ܣүֲˣ϶Ҳ޷ٹȥ˼ңǾͶܼٹүТģ˼˵˵ɡ
ʵȴǣ̫̫ȥ֮󣬿Т˳ˣ϶Ҫɻ̫
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ȻҲ뵽һ㣬ȻҵɷӦ֮ǰ̫ǰˢһøС
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֪ҲʲôϾȱľơ
ĸ˶ͨõĳ谮͹עΪļı
󹬣ҪĹʲôףʵЩѡ
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οĲһδкתû֮ǰ㲲Ƿ֮ɫϿҲЩ;
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ҪҪñȼ磬˯ñȼ
㲡ˣҲ͵Ҫ
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ιǬ幬ҲʲôջûУٿŲתĿһ
ٵΪ̫̫ȥ벻һ겻ġ
Ȼǲĵ

ʱܿѮʼһůһ졣
ۼŶ켴ȥҪ٣̫̫ȥȥЩ
սת֮󣬹ȻͬЩǰ㣬Ѷ̫̫һǻТģתƵ˻̫ϡ
ǰȥٹ밲˵ٹĶʹҲʼս
֮ǰһֱڱʹеĻ̫󣬿ʼڿɵĹĿο£ת
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Ϊ尢ıȽڿ죬û̫ԼŸ֮£ǵӽ٣һȥ˴롣
ˣԽٹܵڿ졣
ؼٹʱʱҪĿġ
ˣȻĽּʣû취ѧϰɡ
Ͼ̫Ҳ˭Ӷ޷ǾŻ̫尢֣ܶȥٹ߶
Ҫȥٹȥ֮ڣõ̫˵ţ϶λˡ
ķҲ˭õġ


245 
ںɽʾ֭ŷڿǰһ¶ʱʲôء
æװ
ȥ괺죬Ĵװɫ̫̫ȥûãɫϾͲʺϡ
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ѩߵߣӦߵĴŮˣҪӣӼ
΢΢һ㶡
ԴǼ֮Ӧûκνϴ̫̫ɥϼ棬ûдк
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˵ֲ֪̹ĿʲôûҪٴһ㣬֮󣬿Ҫ˵ʲô飬˵Ҳٰɡ
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ǡܿԱ߰һֻգһ봲齽Զһλá
ֺѩˣǶӦӡһ㣬ֻǾȴûз
ӦſڵùģҵĲֻǸȾ纮ϵ̫ãŻᲡЩǲ£̫ҽѾƹˣ˵ӣֻҩţҪллõĹġ
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ֻҪǵ˲֢֮ͺá
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ڿӦԼǱ˵ʵЩɣ֮ǰٶԹҲˡ
΢֮ſӦ֪ȥ鹬ǰҪðʲôæ
Ϊʵ󲻳ԴӷǼ֮󣬻ʲô
Ҳֻ뵽ǲҪԼİŻȥ˵ġ
Ӧȴҡҡͷǵǣ˷ùʵ¡
֮Ӧ㽫ʱ֪λѰ˸СŮѵģ´´ɵ飬˵
˵ʵȻ쳣͵أҪͬס͹ӦͣȻЩѵġ
ⲻʱһþ©м
ӦԴºģһҪʲôȻһˡ


246 
Ӧ˵֮£ıо𾪵ˡ
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в޵ĻᣬҸмСŮѵģ͵ϣȡ
ǱĻˡ
رһ뵽պҪһԼ˹ȻȥԿûŮ飬ҲԽܡ
˵պӰ
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247 
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248 
»ص˵ֵģ㲻ֵİɣ檿ȴǺбҪ˵ġ
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249 
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檾Żһءͷҭ˵
ԣһ
ⶺΪʲôһأܶҪһֱ޲ǡ˵ǰӦ飬һûжֳŵһû㡣
ƲƲ죬ⲻ»ˣ߲𡣡
һʱִ̧ˡ
Ĳ֪춼װЩʲô˵С
ԣ̲ס̧֣ϵ˸ԣ˵˵
֮ȰοˣҲûǸ˼ֻ˶ѣ޷Դ֮󣬾ϲ˼롣
ΪĻֱƲ죺ûأ˶ѡ
ҲûٿڷϾ̲Ƕõġ
οҲûһξܰѵⲻ̫ʵ
ȻǼڵģڿλһ㣬ҪԵäĿΣֻһδε
ҪȻĺʵ䷴
ڿոѾԣĵ飬ĿѾɣҲǽԴϲ
һ룬ź˼֣ûڴϼŲš
ˣһһǳ֮
֮Цĸ顣
ϾæߵĴޣ԰Ѿ֮ͣȻҪú飬˷ϡ


250 
鹬û߶ԶתԸŹȥһǸСŮ
ҪǸǰС⣬οȥˡ
ֻȴ⣬Ͳòһ㣬պһ죬ָ㣬ڲ֪ˡ
ԣŹͷһݡ
֪֮ʱ˿϶ү˵ʲôүע⡣
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Źʵе벻˵˼
ҲǸСŮֻü۸мƶѣǾֹɣʵϲȥ̨棬ʥݣֻŵɪɪ仰˵ôܻвء
ܿͱˡ
պŹõ˵
ðɣȻŮ˶Ů˽⣬ΪֻǵߵһͨСŮأû뵽
ŹŵҲҵ飬Ͻȥ
ͫȻһĬá
֮ǰʱΪ˺˶ѣŻǰһΪѣ˭֪ľԼ
û뵽˼֮Ȼķӡ
ǽʲôˡ
һ˵ĸоڿͷȻ
ݺơСͻҲʼһ߽⡣
ʼɣѵǰ˵
ָоҲֻһ˲飬ܿʧӰ١
ţͱһ̾Ϣ
Դز֮󣬵ı仯һûиоֻϧʧ֮ʹҲһֱͼֲ
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ǣⲻŵԼĶ裬İڲ
ѵڵֻǸϲòĻ
ȻǣϲˣʵֻϲǸÿƤңòĹֻ࣬ϲһദʱõķΧϲҶԼ˵滰Ƣ
ðɣϲ˵ĵطͦࡣ
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˵ʵڵĵߣҲ
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ˣۼŰТȥý̵ֶСŮѵӿ˽ȡ
Ͼʱ򣬻СŮȥһߣһ档
ģСŮİˣȷʵǰǰˡ
ԴˣǱȽġ
Ȼ޵ΪҲܿ챻һЩɲ죬һ˿ĲѰ
ۼڸóˣĴ̨ȻֵһԿ֡
Ͼ˭˭Ӯ˭ռϷ磬Щ˵ֻкôûл
¶Щ飬һ֪
һǷֺѩԼڶԽˣãٲЩ֮Ϊá
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ټ˯͸ûʱȥЩˡ
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ԣֻһϮȫ
ּɫԣϽǰοƽʹ˸ɫ
ˣƽҲ֪ԼڻӣЩæס죬¼˵ˡ
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һӦزֲãݵĸƤͷƵģһֱǿҲȥҲãʡ⹬
һأ־úţӦֻжʮ꣬ô껪֮ʱľȥˣʵ̫ϧ
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ԣתͷԷֵ֣Һôʶһȥһ̣
Ȼȥǵǵʱūһˡ
΢΢˵ͷ

ӦĲţں󹬲δʲô
һӦಡѾã̫̫ɥ֮ͲˣټǶʱ䲡ɺ͹ʵ٣ȥ˵ҲûУӦĲŲ֡
Ӧ¼֮󣬾ʧ˳裬ɶѾû˶ٹעӦȥ˵Ϣ֮һˡ
һǰȥ빬ʱӦɥԵ쳣塣
Ϊ̫̫İТδȥӦλݵͣܳ裬ɥ졣
ټϹ߲ΪɥĹأӦڵݵλˣֱٵĿ
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ڸӦ˹򣬲չֽ֮ٴһΧߵķ֣֣ôûƼ̵Ӱ
ΪӦŮ˵ӦøӦ飬ɥæġ
Դ֮ȴ̵İӰӶδƼ
ֻصūҲδƼء
ҪūðȥѰһѰ
ԣ΢΢˵ͷǾðȥһҰɣлҪ̡
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ȥѰ˺ܿת
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ĻصǵģūһȦ˵ӦԴ̸֮ͣû
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ֻܵ˵ͷҲֻˣ빬ȷʵܾôĵط

빬֮±㽫ƽС˳ɳȥϢ
˲ЩǮڴ͹һС̫һõϢ
˵ΪչӦʮӣڴ˶²ˡ
ҲΪûгӦɥϵԭ
ƽС̫û˵ǲֵҹ
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ΪʹӲŵ飬ҹֵΪӦߵŮҲġ
ֻ˴ʮӣʵѾᷣˡ
ԣйѡ
Ҳ֪ǲΪڸ϶ĹϵܾӦͻȻûΡ
أϿֺܺ·ĻɣֻΪ˳ۣ빫˽ѡ
ʱһꡣ


251 
̲ĵķԸƽٳȥһˣܲѰˣʵڲУܴʳйӦûʱһЩҲɡ
ĽƽԼӵ뷨
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֮ѩȥҸƽȡЩǮѡ
ҲСһöȱǮãʲô飬϶еСǮƳš
ҪȻں󹬴õϢϼѣ
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룬Ҳԡ
ֻǴûκ֤ݵ£Ȼǲͬġ
ҪȻڿɾ˺Ƿ֮ˡ

ӦĹֻ빬ͣһգձֱ˳˹
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ڵĹ껹ʱҲТѻʺסһʱա
ֻٹڿʮ꾩ǴضʱٵеأΪʱڸ̣ǮԽһֱûޡ
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̫ºܲϣҪĽҪͷͷ񣬳Ϊʸ֮
ԣѩҲ뵽ʲôæӦӷģū׵ģûʽּ֮ǰū澿϶˵ȥġ
΢΢˵ͷǾͺá
ּ֮ӣʳֻǵ飬ԵмĲ衣


252 
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ټڵĳסλλϵӣȷʵԵԼһЩ
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ϾΪЭûйҲпͣҪť»壬ֱɡ
һ룬ĴߵĴŮٹ


253 
ٹ
̫ӵ˵밲ʱ򣬻Щ㶡
æڹ밲ĴָյŹ밲ˡ
֮󣬻̫һùȥһߵ֣ǲǷʲô顣
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һ̫ţѵꡢŪͣٲͽЩȥɡ

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һֵ֮£ȻԴ˺֪顣
ˣٹ֮ڹһٹǬ幬֮УϢĻ
ҲûϢͨɾ쵽ĶֻǶڹȥٹǬ幬Ϊ飬Ϊٹ֮£ǻеò׼
ϾЭȥ̫Ϳ
ټǲ֪ʱٹǬ幬׷ʲô飬һҲֻǿԼ²ˡ
ҲùֱһαɿЦĻᡣ

ֹ˼գںεĵſӵʱһδ乬ԿǰһĿȴ
ǽֺѩһˣֱһ
´ʱȻû˯ҲѾϴһˡ
ƿᣣͻȻǰʱͬǵķӦһŶھϲ
һôʱˣֻһ߹ŵĴСؿڣһ߾ϲĿڵ
ЦʱȻǹ޵ġ
ԣǸˣ˹󣬿Լа˸µĴӣϴżΪ಻㣬ҪȻǻȥɡ
Ҳ¿ֻһ뵽Щַѡ
ر뵽ղҪϳﻹҪһĴ£Ҫŵһҹ˯ãˡ
µһֱӵĿھܾͷȻǲ졣
֮ǰеʱҲûЪǰʱУôھͲˡ
ֻһں޷ܵסĲ㡣
˵գתԹԵȥ³Լ£һҪļơ
״±ûȰ
ʶһԼеҲҹ֪ˣ˵֪Ѷˡ
Ϊ̫󣬲ܰſϴ£ֺŹȼǰ˽æ
ԡϴ£һ໨ӣ»صɺá
̫̫ްţʱ࣬һͬһϡ
ȻΪУʲôֵ飬ɿǸĳˣټѾδޣڼڲ࣬ûסĴݺݵ˸
ֱ׵˫Щףա
¿һֹԼӵĺӲòͣίȫģ֮󣬱̲ס˴ǣС͵Ц
״һݻ꣬ӣôúʰ㡣
˻Цøˡ
ҹҲһ¿˵Ĳ㣬Ǹô㷨ˡ
ҪƵҹ˵Ϊڶ̫ҹ뷭ޱȡ
ֹúһи࣬ʹʱȻǿžʹ
Ȼ˯˯߲ǳһȷʵͦӰ˯ġ
ʵ⻹ֲģֲĻǽҹһȳ
ҹ۵һɤӺŵ˯еĿûӴֱӹ
ݵԵ֮۵Ĳѣ´ĺָʾ£ֿʼţļǵİȣȡ
һֻȳȣһЩ
һҹͦԼģµˡ
֮ǰЪʱ·ݻСȷʵûôķӦ
·ݴˣû뵽Ȼ
첻ʼֻһû˯ѵģһ۱Ƴ
Ź״죺үǲֱû˯һϰ
Ҫ֪룬϶һ䣺Ҳ̫еû¸ˡ


254 
գŵʱ򣬾ͽӵ˿Ъ鹬˴Ϣ
סʱû˼ŵ顣
ʵ벻˵кÿ󹬵òɲңҪϸȥŰ˸еС
벻ס
һҲԽܵ˿Դ˵ƫͲͬϣǴûз顣
Եģүǲжӣû͹ˣ
ĻƬ̣صүЩûˡ
ԣ̲ס΢΢üԼټԴȥ
ڻأܹſ˳ԣ̲ס鹬Ǳܣٹ»ãӣʱ򣬹ĻЩվŵĵطѽ
ãϽ˻гֵĻ˵Ժ͸ûлˡ
ģȥԸȥ
ǸķСŮ֡
ãǸõôʽʱˡ
ϾڻŰ˸µӣȥˣʲô϶Ҳǲܹġ
ڲֻ࣬ܿܶү̵༫ˡ
һżƵүֻҪ»ݣô̵ס˼ء
һ룬¶˾ġ
һȥһԸСȥһϲԵĸ㡣
ĴŴ֮󣬵ִ֥ˣŴһͨױ硣
ԭ͸ķĴױٴϲװɫʱԭķƣ֡
ˣĵ˵ͷ
ȻԽСոõĸ㣬װʳУŴرһȼ֮󣬸˵ػ
һ׼׵ŴԼǰȥǬ幬͸㡣

ӵȥ鹬Ϣ֮Ҳͬһŭѡ
֮ǰʱŬˡ
ʱٹĴҲ٣ɿԸȥŶӵҲԸⷭӣֻģ
ֻҲûã飬Ǹƾ¡
Ҳ޼ƿʩֱܲӽɡ
˷Ȼвͨġ
Ҳֻܸˡ

鹬Ϣס
ټһֱע֮µ̫࣬һɺܿͽӵϢһںը˹
˵ʵҲû뵽˴ĿһξȻֱȥ
ֱǲܽܡ
ʵ벻ͨǵױ˲ˡ
ѵ֪ڻŰ˸µУȥʲôҲΪʲôЩ޵ɲңȴƫƫҪȥһ
ѵ˻ز
һʱ䣬벻ͨĺɴڣԹ಻

ķԷԹ㷶ֺƽţҲһ㲻֪飬Ҳܲ³һЩ
ϾΪ̫̫飬Ѿδˣɿɶεĵſء
ںȴһиͷһЩ˶Żûš
¾㲻ȥ룬ܲµڱġ
Щʲôϵء
ȥȥȳԼϣɹܲš
ֻҪӴˣܲΪЩ˵Ͳ˽ţƵɡ
¿ûôɵ
ڻУޣҪ̳ʱôܷ˴Ļ᲻ҪӲĽƳȥء
Ӧ˵ƳȥӦúúð֮׵ĻŶԡ
һ룬²û鲻ã˼ֶ־ս⣬ʼѰ˼ſ´ʱҪҪʲôϲ֮ġ

Ǭ幬
ǰ˵ǰ͸̲֮ס΢΢üͷ
뵽Щûȥ͹Ҳ֪˽ѵûС
ţ뵽ÿȥ̫ɰľŸĹк龰
󵽵ԸŹ˽
ܿ죬ǰ˵£߽˵ڡ
һʱ䣬̵ֵϤĵ̣˵̥ǰɣٸѧĲ֮ǰ˾޴Ľ
벻ٳּİˣ˵鷢
ڵôõϸѵõó֣ϵ̨ˡ
ⲻ󣬰ս̵̵ǰ㣬Ƶĵ˽ǰ
֮󣬱ǹؾصĸͷ
ϧǣȫͷûֱ̧ڽϹһ֡
һ߷ܱʼ£һ߿ʻ
صС˻Եĵģū͹
˵ֽ꣬ʮˣԼǰ͸ԭͬһһ
ЩǵȽõģֻ«ưһ鼴ɡ
˵ʮˣͣĶ
ֻһ̧ͷƼ˴мƵòʹ硣
ں֪ķ֣͸ĹˣȻϴ¿УǸмòСŮ
ΪˣרŹ˵СŮ֪ǵò״¾ѰרΪ׼ġ
ʱüͷ
»Ȼ͸ģ֮ⲻھƣ˵Ļࡣ
ſĿ⣬ʱмֽź
뵽̵ֵ񣬻еΣֻܹ򶨣ͤͤվɿӵĿ⣬ش
ˣ󻹹΢΢̧̧ͷ¶ԼľεĽա
龰̲סЦ
ʩЧɣûһ˿ȤԽӦ
ԵոһҲһӵȻ޴档
ϲɫؿڣĸ޳һ
ԱߵŹϽӦ
ֻǿȴһɨȥֹĶָָ̧
ŹӦ
Ȼ֪ں«ʲôҩү˵϶ûġ
ԣͷһϲΪԼһ֣Ѿ˿ۡ
ţһģǰԼʳУʳж˳һ̾µĵġ
ֻ˫̵ֶģسʵ˿ǰϸϸõġ
Աǰ˵׼õ硣
ֽ̧ӹֻ缴䵽еĵʱȴСĽ˫ֶŵ̵ֱӴڵء
С鶼ãƽô̵ĹأŭͻȻǬ幬
ͻ״пͻȻĴֱɵ˲˵һ̱ڵء
ֻǸʼֻвһ˿¶ȣŹȥʮӣء֪ߵغĶúóԣ
ָ

˻һڷӦԼŭա
ֻŵűߣһͿͷһ߿޺ţū澲ǹģūһذɣūҲˡ
ϧ˿޵滨꣬Ҳδصһ˿ϧ֮顣
ŹָܿԱߵǰ̫ǰܴģֱӽ˼˳ȥ


255 
ܳȥ֮ŹָϽָԱߵǰˣڵصĵʰˡ
ֶһյˮŵǰЦȰ˵үΪôһҲǵģɹ͵Ҳ֪ɸصĹ
һȴǿһ
ţڵ˴֮󣬱ͻ͹ȥȻߵһЩ˼й򣬻κúչʮϣʮҲͲͷˣ
⻰˵ģνˡ
ԣԱߵŹϽӦүģūһ˽

ʱֵĴǱرǰ̫ͻʱ򣬼ֱ־ŭֻֿš
ȵǰ룬˵Ƿһֲת֮󣬵ֻʣ¿ֻˡ
Ҳû뵽ֻɴǰ͸ģǵմŭ˵ﻰһѵ룬춼ˡ
˵ʵӷ̿񣬾͵ȵĹŮ֮ʱҲδ㣬û
벻ףôͱأ
ǰ̫һߣҲܴǷأֱӿʼǬ幬顣
ֱŪԭίҲ֪Լ׷˺ִ
ʵͷβС˼Ѿ˰ɡ
ҲǴ԰żʱֻ֪ҲǴʱʼδ̤͹ġ
һֱڹϲŴĳ֣ү˽١
˭֪Ǹɵϣ
е飬һʧǵĻصԵ֥ڼǸˣû뵽ȴôĸͷ
ڸô죿үˣ涼ˣȻʮ˵¡
Խ˵ԽЩ״ΣȻǱ´Ĳᣬյ侲ǣһߡ
֥ʱҲǾδ
һǱͻȻһ绢ĲŵõģǸո봫ЩҲ˶УүԼ˵㲻ôá
ԣڵҲȵõȥҲЩ֪ô졣
Ķ˶񣬿ڵӣүҲֻͷϣŻ˵ЩػģԼţҪ뷨Ӳһ²ǡ
ԣǰЩʧǵĵʱһڰοԼҲٰοˣ˵Ķԣʲô˶߹ˣôСأһȥġ
˵꣬ʼϸϸ룬ʱԼΪ
Դȥ֮ʧǰƽģʲôЩ
缱ҪһС磬λϳޣٱ缱͵ĶԸóˣԼĶ衣
һֱշ˴ѵ
һϸ룬ʱһ亹
ŷ֣ԼȻѾĻ󣬲֪ߵĻǰ
ڸǻͷԼˡ
Ǵʲôʱʼ˲ġ
ͻȻ˺֮ܶǰû֮ͨͻȻվױھȥǬ幬
ӡ֥ȻͻȻ뷨סˡ
үͷϣڹȥǲЩףҪȻȵȥ֥Ȱ˵
ȴһᶨҡҡͷھȥ
ڲȥ˭֪ԺûᣬҪүڹľġ
һɫװеΣҲһժ˰ɡ
ǡ
Ѿ¶˾ģҲټȰ˵
ȻҲĴһ˿ġ

Ǭ幬
үոպĹ˽˵ءŹ۵Ŀڵ
ֱͷҲδ̧ȥ
һŹ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
Ҫ˵仰õĻȥĻҲͲ֪ˡ
ŹٳûгȥƺҲ뵽ʲôֿڵȥ˵ҪٲϽȥúչʮԺҲչˣԻʮѡĸλҲˣ
һ֣һλҲˣνص˼㣬ȻԵΪҲѾ͵˼㡣
Źת˵
仰صҲˡ

⣬Źɫװڵϵĵǰڵ˵Ƿ˵˵
仰һŵûʧɫ
ôҲû뵽ζȻˣֺĵĻ˵ˡ
ǰûÿ˵ǵŭա
ǲȥҲˡ
ŹۼˣֿȰ˵ūһȰǸϽȥúչСɡ
үͷϣֻϽͰˣûаֵĺôүˣʱСĲҲˣٹ˵үʱԭˡ
˵ʵŹԸԵ˵ⷬθ֮ԣҲǿƽТϡ
ҪȻŲ˷ء
лܹ档ڸл
Ҳǲ֪ô֮ˣȻŹԣΪá
һ֣֮صİŹһкʻĻڿǰ䣬Ŵ뿪
ŹվڵſڣŵԶȥıӰҲ̲סһꡣ
˭뵽ǰʥ費˥޵ĵΪһв̤䵽˾ء

Ǭ幬͹ֳôĶסˡ
ټϵǰ̫ͱĴ͹һ·˿ûˣûãйڵ߹ŮʮӵϢͲֶߡ
ڽӵϢ֮󣬶ЩԼĶ䡣
Ͼ˭ǿǸĺݵĴˣһôܺԤ׵أ
ϸһûǵ
ҿһ˿û棬ȥǬ幬ͷûмʥղ˵ֱѵһ٣Ļ͹
ȻΪǵʥŭҲܿˣȻ鹬˳ôһĹϵ
Ͼȥ͵ĵСŮǸ˳ôġ
ڵΪСŮȥǰ˼ɾȻˡ
Ψһû뵽ľǣһףֱӽ˴˲˵óĵһ˳ѵ롣
һ·޵ɣʱ⡣
֮£ٻһҲǲУһСײǹϣһ˿ˣǷòʧˡ
˵ĵû棬Ҫ治СĴŭգ³Ǹҡ
һ룬ɴһʱ䣬βˣٵǰƣȹͷ˵
Ҫ˵нӵϢʧ˭ǿ϶ڡ
Ϊ֮ǰʱ򣬺оϲģ˵ױݴš
ڴһŵڸϽԼǰױ硣
ˣ֮ǰǮЩ·ΣҲһʰѹףˡ
ţʱǧҪ
Ͼ֮ǰʱûٶ˵Ĵ´磬԰żʲôġ
Ҫ˵ǰж⣬ھжڡ


256 
һеµȴǹ
ϾǰգܵǰҪٹľסȨš
ڵʱӣûгϢҲûдűס档
ȴǺ²ѡ
ŵ˵ù˵Īڻʹˡ
ôҲû뵽һ˳мƵСŮȻ˸
ôԵĿֱ棬ǳĴ
β˸еģ
֮󣬻ʹ̲ס˵ĸ١ֵû뵽ȻҲʧʱ֮ǰԼҲû뵽ɡ
١Ҳ̾˭˵أūҲû뵽ĵΪС﷭˴ǵմŭҲ֪պܲ
Ͼǰ֮ǰţԴʧ󣬵ڻûء
ʹȴмֲֹ۵˵ã˭֪ǲǶԼôүԭأŰɣС飬׵£ҪȻҲǸӰ¹Ůһ·֮һĵˡ
⻰ɲ޵ķʸжͺ̣
ҪȻҲᱻͷС͵̬ƭôá
ȻȷʵܶٴһµҲԺСĽҲͬһԸͷ
رǾŸڻڻ̫Ǳţǻ̫󣬻ǿɮ濴棬ôҲҪžŸʮ񣬻İӡ
һ룬ʹмֲ
˭ʵԴû֮󣬵İӴ֮İ֮Ͳһֺ΢ĸҡ
ȻһֱͼָңָһѾͣˣѺ֮䡣
İսѾ˵ָҳʧˡ
һ뵽ĵ飬ʹ޵˺˵ĶС

Ҳû뵽СŮ飬Ȼкֱϡ
˸Ǻܸ˵ġ
˵ϴĳϴԤ룬ͦõġ
ٽ
һĹҲͬŸ˲ѡ
Ϊⲻܿ϶ԼӵİأպҲٵĹѧģӣϵעˡ
ǲеء

ʱ仮£ܿӭ˶ڡ
ֻΪ̫̫ްŻʱ䣬ڿ£ڲûд졣
ֻ˴ڵӣȻǬ幬ٰһΪ򵥵ļ硣
¼Լڵֱûвμⳡ硣
ڵλݣȥȥҲ˴š
һֱ뿴Ǻģǣһʧѡ
ϾڴŰ˸µĶӣ϶ÿȥ
ԭΪҽڲĵǳϵĲμⳡ硣
ڵλݸߣЦҲ˭ܿġ
˼λɣô˵֮⣬ʣµɣ治ĿŵôЦ
ټϵĲһǿ󣬶ͶĿ⣬ֻһЩԭ뿴Цɣһʧѡ
ֻɿطе˫֣ȴΪߺޣһ
û֪ЩĿ⣬ҪѶܾסԼҪʧء
Ҳû֪⼸μ尾߹ġ
Ϊÿʼҹչʮ
ˣΪÿ쿴ڹĳģգ۶ƣһ˵ǰȥٹ̫밲
Ȼ˻Ϊ˸̫˵ԼίͲʣ̫֤Լϴľġ
ڽһŬ͵̬ûа׷ѡ
̫ͬ鲻˵Ҳһ˿֮ġ
ţٹһʱգ̫ӦûΪڿǰ˵ûġ
һ룬΢΢һЩ
μӼ磬ҲΪ̫ϯ磬ֻ˼ʵĿԼļѴԽ̫ͬ
ϾΪŸĶ棬ǾŸ档
һңŸ񱧸̫Ƕôǵľ
˼ѵĴ£һ֮·ߡ

ڹһһ쿪ʼ
ָͷԼжʱ򣬿ȴƼݳ԰ּ⡣
Ȼ˴ǰȥ԰ҪĿĻǷ̫ǰȥɺͰǾ˳ˡ
»̫ļįθǰȥ԰Ļмλ̫
Ȼв㣬ȥ϶Ҫһȥġ
ο԰ļȹˬǱӵĻҲܸһЩ
ǰյʱڷӣŪļȵ졣
û뵽˯ͷʱ
ȻⲻҪӣڳ԰ܱȴڹǿöɡ
֮ǰʱ»Ϊ̫̫ްŵԭ򣬿ȥ԰ˣǰᶼûء
û뵽󻹸˸ôľϲ
ΨһȽ鷳ľΪԭ򣬲Ǵȥ԰ĶҪȥˣȽϵĶࡣ
Ӧ˵ֹǱȽ϶࣬Ǻܶࡣ
˵װҪһǰȥ԰Ĺˣرࡣ
ΪҪ֮⣬ǰЩӣźõֵһˡ
ҪˣͶʮˡ
ԣڿ´Ҫǰȥ԰Ŀ֮󣬷ֱŰѩʼְ
Լж㣬ְæ϶ˣද죬Ȼ°

ʳȡŷոӣ˵ǰϷźá
ʵūЩģʲôĵ飿
üĵַĵʲôĵ飬󲻹⼸û˯öѡ
˵꣬еףĽӡ
򴽣ϴżֹ
ǹָӣʵū澾ãԶƽҲûʲôõġ
Ҳ֪û˼ֻһ߼ӣһߵ˵ͷȴûп˵
״Ҳ˵ʲôϾͣ˵ЩѾˡ
Ȱӣһ룬һ߿ڷԸһ˶˵һ԰ûпУ
ū澻ͷһ˴㹬Ӧ
΢΢˵ͷ
ߺûãһŮӵ˽
һĸղẉ̂ѸվһصĿʵΣ
صӷģūѾ˵ĻˣҲӦˡ
ش𣬰΢΢һ
Ҳû뵽µһ۰ߣгһջдõʱ
󣬰һ֣ص鲻ܳ벻ɣǱ߶Ҫţֻƽȥûбˡ
ЩŮģԳȥҪڹһӵġ
ӷıǣūʡáӦ
ɾ㲻˵Ҳ֪ԣһ֪ȻҪһ֪ΣյĶࡣ
΢΢˵ͷȻظ̾ܲܳɣ˿ˣֻϣҪ˱źá
ԣһԵϽûȰοӿģ϶Ըġ
˫ֺʮԸɡ
ֻϣҪӴˮһվͺá


257 
¶ʮʣݴϽǺƺƵʼ
ڣ±Ŵӣüġ
״ѩһóһϱõ÷ӣһ߿ڰοȳԿ÷ӻһӦþ͵ˡ
šµ͵ӦһҲû˵
ڳԹ÷֮㽫θǹɶĸУѹȥһЩ
˴ǰȥ԰Ա̫࣬ߵļ
񸮵Ĺ̫֪ó裬ֹ˲ŸµУεһΪҲǸ֮ϲˡ
ҪȻγëֲܳҩڿɲֹֻе㷸ô򵥡
ūƽ˵ǰȥ԰Уԭûеģ̫﷢˻󵽵׻Ǹ˳԰
ѩһ´ȣһ˵Ź顣
µ̾һȻǸСǿ
ԣѩ̧ͷӸղ˵ʲôʲôСǿ
Ȼû¸ղŻ˼
ûʲô˵֮棬һ»ص
ѩ΢΢˵ͷݵеġ
ĵǵȻλһεĻ̫ô׾͵µġ
˵ܴһ¹Ůôãڵ֮λСܴġ
οŸڻ̫ţİڻʹţɶǵպʱء
λֱӶϣ治ʲô顣
пţǷޣ˭֪պܲøʼյĽء
һ룬ַˡ
һ·ߵļһߣͣһͣʱ࣬ڵﳩ԰ſڡ
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СһδĹһ㶼ûϳ
ΪĹȥ࣬ɼڳ԰ӹĲ
һʱûϲŹˡЦſڵ
ĹȻָ˼æЦǺǻصӵĸӹĻ˳
ڳоŸµĴ֮ϵЦ˼֡
֮ǰʱĹͽӵϢ˵ڹѾ̥Ÿš
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ģۿٹЩӾҪˡ
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һ˵棬ͦŵĴӣĹԽԼľǡ
ҪȻͦôĶӣߵסĵطǿʧְˡ
΢Ѽ֮¾Ļ́Ľ
ڳ԰סĵط֮ǰסļ
ΨһͬǼֻסһɣϴͬסĲ˺񣬲ûзֵ
˵ǽߡֺϽǣ»ǸϲŽϾɫʱԴĳ԰
ϽֻźЩȴܸһѹֵĸоסûг԰
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ȵ˼֮󣬷ִѩǰȥʰԺ
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ټڴĩĳԺʢĻ涷ޣɫʤա
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һĺãȻݵˡ
ˣ˻̥һܳ裬˵ľϲˡ
ȥʱ򣬼߾ѾС
֮ǰ֪ʥҪĹ𲻽Ź˽СʰĻȻһ£ʱ򣬻汸ͺһЩʱ߲ˡ
ⲻһһ񸣾СͽϲС׼ʳȥˡ
һʱ¾Ѿڵķˡ
ĹɣҲԽ˽ΪĸĴ㡣

գЪµ˸磬ȻױһǰʹסԺ밲
ڹʱλ밲ҲһֱƤûȥ밲
ڸ԰϶Ҫȥʹһ˵ġ
ȻԺ֮ɣڵںˡ
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أһֳǰƣֻ϶˼ƣ
Ҫϸ۲ĻܷбһĨ
Ҳû뵽ڻʹ£սʱϻ¶˼ֲ졣
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԰ʱǾûüúһģлˣȻŹ
˵ʵԭΪڻ˾ŸµӣӦÿɫãϳ˻ư߲Ŷԡ
ࡣ
⼸Ӧռһɡ
ڽһƣȴеĴһ
ˣҲֻ˶ӡ
Ӧ˵Ǵ˶Ӷѡ
òϣȴûеʱ޶һİϸ壬ɫûвãûгߡ
Ҳһϸǰ濴ǴӺ濴ĻҲֻȻ֮ǰôһ㡣
ԭҪҲֻԵ˶ѡ
һƣʱʼðˮĲҪҪġ
ΪӶڼµһ֮󣬲ûҧԼһ
Ҳֻܼš
ǺЩϾ֮ǰ԰ʱżһΣЩ׼
ֻ˵飬ûôˡ
ʹ󣬶µǰҲ΢΢Щȡ
ѯµ׼˽
ϾԺ̫޹кܳһξ룬Ҫһ߹ȥĻȻЩѺΣյġ
ʵҲŶȥ̫밲ֻǰѾ̫̫ĲϲҪΪ밲飬˻̫ϲĻԼҪǲǵùˡ
˵üϱг
ԣҲΪʲôŶӣҲҪ̫밲ԭ
һǲΪû̫ϲ֮ģǲÿ
ǾŸµӣһҲûϵһպ
Żʹ׼Ľɰȫĵ˻̫ס޹Ҳ˻̫档
һֱĵ飬Ҳûз
ˣ̫ڿĶ֮󣬻ֳһܹĵӣѯʲôʱһǷ׼׵֮Ļ
мܳ
ܻ̫˾Ĳģ¶һ
˵ʵּ̫ǳݵģҲ֮ϵжãֻҪάֱϵĺƽϵ֪ͦġ
һ売Ϊй֮УҲʲôջûУٿ˻̫̬ȣҲǸ֮ϲɡ
ǰˣȻʧġ
رǵмͿ²˳۵ɣֱǴʧ
ϧҲûʲôð취̫һˣ治˵ġ


258 
ӻ̫밲֮󣬱ʰһѩĳš
հʱһģֻǱֺ˵˵ˣȻȲܳˡ
ͦŴӣҲûԶֻڼܹ˹䡣
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԰ӹü죬һգ۾͹ȥա
һ¹һ꣬ʱ㣩ͣЪù֮󣬱Ժеĳ
ʱŹȼǰˣԺŴ˽
¶ʱ¶ϲȻվӭӰЦſڵϽôŹˣΪء
ԴֽĻߵǰĿһȻǣ֣һЦⲻһпо͹ˣ
˵Ż߾䵽¡ĴϣСһû㣿
һֻǣţһѾĻԼĶӡ
ôûڣڵء״
ǵ¸³֮ްܶúýѵ˳Ļ˵
ǸáЦŵ˵ͷ
·ԽԽǲ㣬ǳ˿ͷڻвһ¾Ҫˣٳһʱˡ
Ͽùˣʡ
޻ûأأ
֮ǰ檸ùҪһЩðɣҲ϶һᡣ
˵꣬˫ÿһһϣ
һ˫۾˵ܾĵĻá
֮±ԸƽһС
ʳĹ˱Ժй
üδȻ̫ĻҪ˵ȫСûͣ
أЦһƵţһ߾ţֻҲûͣǣ֣ҪʱʱĦһ£Ȼһ
£ִ̧ˣô졣
ʱСǱߵĹ˹ʳѺãˣһЯŻصš
ΪѾùţǿԼһţֻԱžͿԡ
ֻʳõһʱһǰ̫ߵĴŮȥϪѰ˵ʮһ粡ˣȥһˡ
ԣ΢΢üеĿӡ
ʳ֮ٹȥǱ߰ɣʮһȻˣ϶̫ҽģҲһ㹦򡣡ʱĿڵ
ʮһȻˣҪǹſȥ϶ǲеġ
΢΢˵ͷ˵ϵĿӣ
󵽵Ҳûö١
пˣٹ㡣һһ߶ڵ
ҲĶվлż檵ŻϹʱ򣬻ϿɲƨɻûȣҪˡ
״һЦһָ̧˸Զá
֮Ϳš
߿ص֮ԱߵѩЩ߷߲ƽūǹģ·æòһӣˡ
ɿϣҲ⣬ֻ֪ɺϣġ

˵ߣڼһͬʱҲͬҵĹһ㣬ɫԺһЩ
ʮһȷʵˣĲأҲᣬк˵˸ȡ
ȥڿһʮһ磬֮ͬǰ̫ҽ˲η
æСһʱַ˺ôĹźʮһԹҩ˯ˡ
ʱǰ̽ԵĿڵɫָ¹·үЪڳɡ
˵꣬һκĿſ
˻̧һۣдһ˵ӡ
ڳĬƬ̺ȴãطҲˣЪ°ɡ
˵꣬ٿ˵Ŵſȥ
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ſȥӰһĲġ
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૵Ȼ֪ʲô취أһ취ôСʮһðգֻΪүһˣɼʧˡ
ʮһ粡Ĳˣȴǰʱ򲡵ģʱѾ֢״
ʮһĲӲϵ˿ڣһȥ̫ҽǰһ뿵
ڶģĿƹʮһĲ֮ɫĽڣûȻޡ
ֻû뵽ǣջǶˡ
ˣո̧һֱۣ˼ĸо
ռɥģҲ֪οȰ˵
Ҳû뵽Ȼ
û뵽үʱȻ붼û룬ֱӾܾԼӵĻ
ֱ̫ˡ
뵽˴ֻöӣȻ˷ͨǾȺúչʮһɣū澾ô˴λ̫ˣҲ֪үûС
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ոǱһۣȷʵ£϶ǲʮһĲðˡ
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տʼʱȷʵûж룬˵ǾĻ֮һЩ顣
Ҳûֱӿھܾ
˵ʵʧģȻʮһ裬
󵽵Ǹӣֻζĳһۣһ档
һϣҪһٴȥҲ뿴ĺӦ
滹ִԲĻҲٹ˼ɻ̫ӡ
үǻ
ɫڣŹȻ֪ڵɫΣȴܲ³϶òȥ
ҪȻոճʱҲߵ֮ˡ
뵽ˣʱ϶ѾЪˣڳĬƬ֮󣬵Ϫݰɡ


գƽȥһǱߵϢ֪ʮһȷʵˡ
һͬʱҲԼǶˡ
ôΪڽʮһȡĳ谮ء
϶ΪʮһĶӦҲġ
أҲһֱ˹עʮһĲ飬֪ʮһѾתļҲûм۶ӣǰչʮһ֮һ
˵ʵҪһУʮһ裬ȻҪ̫ͽĻȷʵѡ
һǻ̫Ǳ߿϶Ϊ飬ǣҪĳͽǳˣҲˣϥµ磬ɾҪˡ
ˣ߲ȵͣʹ棬һܷµĹ˴϶Ҫˡ
ҲǿΪһԥԭ
ΪһЩԭ򣬲ټ谮Ҳϣϥµܿࡣ

ĶҲû˲
ǹŹĹϢͨĻ͵ڵڶ֮ҲӵһЩϢ
һЩϢУ²Сơ
Ψһû뵽ǵʢĴûᣬȻס
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ҲüúóЦһ


259 
ҹ¸ûãᣱ㱻˴ֱӴ򿪡
ֻվڴ齣ü۴Цܶ˵޹ô˯µ磿
˿һ±Ƶ£Ҳ֪ڶվ͹ѽ
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˵꣬ԹԵĿʼ¡
ȵȣȵȡ״һȵظϽڣϽǴЪ
ɼǵãһЪһ϶û˯ãôѵλҪЪأ
Ļء
һЦܶΪôΪʲôأѵֻΪ˸˵仰ߣҪЪ𡣡
Ȼüôܶӭ
¼æ͵˼ⲻţϴǵûһû˯ãӰæ𡣡
Ϊá
޷޳ŵס
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ǣڵݣҪһڻؾĻֲɡ
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ô˵ɵˣûпڻػûɣֻΪĻסˡ
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գˬĴӼ÷ڲŹǲ⡣
ôϴЪ˴ʱ򣬸ое㲻һء
ǲǷʲô֪ء
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ѩһ߷ϴ£һֹؿڣӺͻǲǡ
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ڼȻֶ˵ˣǾ˵µġ
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ѩȻΪ¸е˲ѡ
ϾҲһֵ衣
һڽ㿪ʼְϽ԰ӵ

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ԴǰŵĹ֮Ҿһֱ±״̬С
츸ĸĸٵˣıͻȻϢֱӸסˡ
֮󣬱̲סĻϲ˵ϲˡ
ҹ츸ĸΪ췢飬Щطȥ˯ž
츸ҪһЩϾΪУǰȥ԰ϵ
ǶҪ԰ӼŮĸ˵ǾͲһˡ
Դӽ֮ҲûлŮ飬رŮ̥֮󣬵û뵽һվͻȻ֮졣
ֱЩֲ
ʱ츸ڵöʮ壬̫̫Тڹ󣬹϶Ҫѡģ㵽ʱһ¶öĻ¿ʲôͽ顣
ԣϻصǲ£ҿ϶ҲҪһ¶ġ 
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ǲĸȥ԰Ӽ¶֮Լ˵ҲҪעŵ㣬ڵǹĹˣڼʱ򡣡
ǰŮڼʱĸû߶ˣڵײȴǰ츸ĸ԰֮󣬽֮ǰڼŮǷó
ԣҲƢҿôɵ𡣡
츸ϽȵûУ϶ûУΪֻһ°ˡ
⻹ࡣڰУϰ츸һۡ


260 
һգϽ԰ӵӡ
ù֮󣬻þµױݣһߵȴϵһ߷Ըѩģ׼ʱҪҵĶ
ȵƽ˵Ѿ԰ӵʱ±ŷֵˣǰȥſӭӡ
ڣԽԽӽĿĵأԽͽš
֪˶ãء
ˣطˣ½ΣѾӭˡĹӽ⴫
һϸˡ
һ̧½ΣֻǸһΣ̧ͷͿ˼ǰȴһȺˣԼžŸеŮȻվС
δȻŮòϡеӰӣȻñ˺öࡣ
øÿţݹˡ
ЩЩϲ
˵ʵʱδһգټŮһʱ
һ빬ƺǲ˵ġ
ڣһĻȴʵķǰҪǳϲԣĲϲ
µݣʵǲԳӭӵġ
뵽ϵԭĸףԼռ˼ŮҲǳأǾ
½ΣڼŮƬ̵֮󣬱㻳żǰ
״æڵĸײض񡣡
ϽǰҪϲ
էһ棬ɫżֽŵʹá
Цŵĸ˵ʲôβʹãĸҪŮ񣬿ҪɷŮˡ
ģǻģҲʵһλĸ׸Ů顣
´˾ȴǴͷһ˿
±ŷֵˣӭϽ˼
ȿڵһпɺãɻ
ϻص͹˵ǣһжáԴϴ칫һЩǮ֮󣬼㰴չ˵˼ЩأÿĲҲһĽˡ㸸ȻǰЩ꿵Ҳã㣬ֻŵǼһڹǡ
ϻһ򿪣ĸŮ֮겻к;Уһȥ˴롣
˵ڵĹĻҲмοĸо
İ磬˹ġ
ҲԣӦǹԭġ
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Ϊ˰ȫҲΪС룬ƽһԣܲҳǸ֡


264 
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һʱסˡ
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Ÿ˵Ļ찲Ĺˡ
ǶȻ߽źūţȴͶˡ
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ͱ찲񸮣Ϊʲôû˸ΪΪ֪ڱվŵģǹóˡ
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֥һ߷ŵǰȥϴһ߻صһʹϢ˵ҹʱ־ˣǸС硣
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ֻԼŵЩ꣬С١ֻ֮λˡ
С١֪ʹ϶ʲôæ͵㣬òǸ˼
֪ʹӦȴҲûٶ˵ʲô


265 
ֻһϵʱ䣬йҹʮϢܿ촫԰
ɶʱƲѡ
ε飬һг£СȻһҲûԸ
Ҫܺãǲż˹ء
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лҪ˵
еʮ᣺Ҫٵһȣʵһ㶼󣬶һúܺÿָӼֱ̫ˡ


266 
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֣ȻûǰźãӦ˵ûǰȣʤйоأλϣҲ´ˡ

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ĵҪȻһܶ˼ʮų󱦣ͻСҲ
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ԣָϽ֤ӷģūͰĶᾡľչ˺ʮ磬ֻܰӱǡ
˵˴ֵ֮ǰʱūʹ̫ҽԭಡֶЩԪӿҪӵĻᣬúõһȥһǰµĲǡյʳУū˼ζǮ̫ҽҩģҲζ֣壬
Ҳ˵Щɼǿʱõġ
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Ϊ֪ӦǸĺöҲûжʣû뵽Ƿ÷ŵġ
ڵַˡ
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󹬶ү˵㣬ϲ˭˭λݣǺܹܵģùܵġ
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οԼӻֻǸλ͸ûȨܴˣҲֻԸӰˡ
ףΪԹ壬Уһ˽λѾӰвĵλ
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Ȼ֪ҲֻùͷϵˣȰ˵ҲãҲֻ̫һˡ


267 
ǰ̫ס売Ϊйû뵽ȴڹſ˻͵ˡ
˴һۣµ˸˵ĿģΪ˿ͻȻΪһ¶
ϾܹܴµˣҲֻ̫˼ˡ
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˵Ŀɲ𡣡üһҲʱĿڵ̫һɲүˣԴ˵ó裬ү¶մҲͰˣ󹬵ɲȥңҪ޻еֱ̫񻰡
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ǹĸҲûйĸǿơ
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˵ǾģһΪģ
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ǰһûǵ˵
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ŵ˵̫ˣԭĹƣɣڣȴһҲϹƺ͹ѽλϣȱء
˵Ļһڣ̫ʱƤһֱӵҪȻǵʵ۸ǰ˵ȥ
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˵һţȿڵǵ仰˵̫Э㲻С
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˻һιӵĻòš
Ҳͻڱһѿ֮죬Ҳûôͣ
˵գٲһ񣬴ߵˣתߡ
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׸һ
ˣһߣҲԸȻٸ˵ߵ֥뿪ˡ
ôˣ
Ҳ֪˵Լʲô
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ںˣѻ͵ֵˡ
ǰʱ֮ЩﲻģҲûϵҪȻ治֪ôճ

ȴ˵̫ȻѾӦòվȰ뿵Ȼûʧŵĵ
ڿ밲ʱ򣬱һᡣ
̫ɲǿƵ̫̫˵ĺί
ѯʹǲǲΪ֮ȴ˵һͨ˵ĺûȻί˵ԼĹǣ˵ȻԸˣĵʧ׵
úԹص˵Ҳͼһεʱ򣬿ɲ³ç֮Ļ
̫ȫ̻УûκζԿĲͬҲûκεĲֻΪú˼
ڴϣһֱԵĶ̫̫ǿƵĿûһ˿Уû̫˵
λȷʵһӳΪʸ֮
뵽Ϊ϶ҪЩֺܿȻˡ
̫ȷʵȵֱ̫̫ǿƴѹõĲһǰ㡣
ûÿʲô淴˵ǷС
һ̫һͬʱҲһɽԴϲľ档


268 
ҹ֥ŵϴ£뵽飬̲ס߶Ҳ֪ôˣԴʧԽĽվȻͻ˵ǲ
һЦΪȻ˲źأǰ˺ޣء
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ȴҲ˵̫ˣյǷҲ֪û̫˼Ҳá
̫Ǳ߻֮󣬵Ϳʼˡ
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رǻʱĻмֱ̫ͷ˼
һ룬ֿʼû֪α˴ء
˵ʵЩģǰʱЩŬΪ飬̫ϲ֮
ֻϣ̫ܴһ㣬ûн·ϲźá
֥ϽοӦòɣ̫ݴȣӦòὫСϡ˵ǻлǰ涥ֲֻһȥˡ
οū澾˵ͦģֻ̫ϲ֮ܺ£Żһٵѡ
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֥Ҳ̾Ҳû취飬үŻû취ū˵ӦľǸӲӲӦõүˣû֮㡣
Ҳ˼꣬ˣѾûʱԺˣ껪ٵóꡢʮ꣬Ѿᣬʮó裬ܵó輸أڲĻԺ͸ûлȥˡ
ԣ֥־Լ˵ĺҲе
ԼӣȷʵѾˣԴӷǼ֮󣬸ûǰľü仹һ˿ݺƣ̬


ڣһ߿ϣһ߿ѯԱߵķ֣ʮϴõĶɶ׼ȫˣ
ֻصѾ׼Ĳ֮࣬ǰȱĶǱߣҲѾ˹
Ǿͺá΢΢˵ͷϴ϶˶ӣʱֺͰľʲôҲһҪ粽ʮߣ뿪ǵߣ֪𣿡
ָϽӦūף֮ūٺúýһʮߵūҲúöһġ
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ԿΪĻݡˡȻǰһջ̫ܵʮϴΪڿӡǴ׼񣬹ԹԵĹˡ
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˵ʵǰʱҪ˸ǣгһջﵽߵĵλǿ϶š
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㲻㾹ȻѱɵУ˶ɵĺ⡣
ҪԱ߻ǰ̫Ѻţ˴ԼյŮ
ھٱ֮ǰѾ뵽˽պͰ˺ĳ
ԶڰɵĻΪǰĿͷлϣ
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Щ˶ڰ֮£Ҳ֪飬Ҳûвȥһپ٣һ
ӷ£ǵĴҲΪǵĴ˭Ǹء
һԽԼľȷġ
ҪȻЩ˵³³
ԣΪߵĴŮղűȥ˾³
Ϊʮٻһڣȥ˾ɾͲһˣ㲻ء


269 

ŵڵ𣺡үɱΪ˴Ӧʲôʱ飿
ô飬һһĳϡ
Žӵڳ԰ʮ磬ΪϢսžͷ˰ɱΪӦ顣
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飬Ҳйذɣ̲סĺҲ
̫ػͷڸղţūȥˣүߵӳ԰Դǰȥ鹬ּ⣬˵ߵĹˣȥ˾Ķȥ˾ı򣬽ɲˡ
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һʱ֪˵ʲôˣǴ֪ѽ
үж谮ϣѵ֪ȻҶ֣ж벻ѽ
ֳɹˣѵºүĲỳɣ᳹顣
֮ǰҲһ룬鹬һλʮһʧĸүһᱧ
ѵˣϥûаһλ󹬿ɲֹһˡ
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رǵ밢綼ˣĴûᣬܷŹ϶һж
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Ͱģǹȥˣʮ֮Ҳ䲻ͷϣֻһգװ׸˼¡
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ȹ̫º󣬹ߵĴŮſڵӣɱΪӦ鹬Ǿûλˡ
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˵ʵ鹬λȻȲٹȷʵҪúܶࡣ
갲ֵܷ˺õĹΪʮ󹬵ʱûҲûűռλüõ鹬
ѾΪӦߵһѣҲм⶯
ٹǲˣѾ͸Ͼס鹬Ļǿһ롣

ȻͬסһɱΪӦһ£סںŹˡڡӦˣ֪ʵȹĹҪһЩ
ڽӵϢ֮𾪣žһӻˡ
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ڸܵڵŹѯŹպĴ㡣
Źʲô㣬ҲսӵϢѣڶûء
ͦΪ¶ɵƶˣġ
ڻԼ֮ŹߵſڵոԽϹ˵ӦȥԭסǼӣԬӦһء
ԣŹһʱûӦ˵Ӧ˭֮ź֪ķӦӦԭİɡ
ΪĩȵĴӦ϶סǰԺŵǴ
Ժסˣ϶ûеĿշ䣬ָɾסڸԬӦͬסһݵ鷢
˵䵽ڸͬһݵĵزҲ֪ûкڹԼΪ徻鹬Ժס
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ΪλƢ϶Ҳòȥڰ˰ŵһȥⲻ
ص֪˵ŹˣԿŹ˰ȥġ
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ҲģҲ֪˭⡣
Сū澲С˳⣬Խ˵ȥǰԺϢʱ򣬿ŹС˳£˵Ц˵š
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벻鹬ˣ϶벻ðɺԬӦһݵ⣬Ҳֻ˽鹬ɵˣŻ⡣
ҪǣС˳ҲΪԼӳһڶ
ϾɺԬӦŪһ϶ǹ˰ӵġ
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˻һŹһ㶡
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Ȼū澲µģӦð˾Ųʮ
ӲҪˣ鹬λúãûλҪһλġڵǣ֪ĸλΣ᲻ϲĥˣЩ֪ͨͨ
ﲻһܳ裬ʲôҲֻ֪Ҫ裬ֵɱλֵ£ҪõĲһǰ㣬Ǳ߾Ͳҿ˿۷
οȥٹ֮ٹ϶ҲҪ˵ģָҪãڻҪһȥٹҲ飬ܹ̽һ̽ڷ硣ֻûϵӻδعū澲²⣬֮ڿ϶ٹġ
˵˴ֻһתʵū˵Ӷǰû뷨ڵǲһ룬λֵ£治ֵ¡
Ź̧һۣһֵΪΪҿǵȫ
ԣȻŹ˵֮⣬ǲ˼ЦЦǱūҲΪ롣
ʵǸոڸʱĵĻѡ
Ȱ˵Źˣһȥٹ뷨
˵ʵΪպ֮⣬ȻҲΪԼ롣
óλӻţԼӣЩ˵ģں󹬻ĸһЩ
οϥʮ磬պʧ裬Ҳ˸š
ΣҪȰ˵Źˣһߡ
ʱŹҲʼ˼
˵ʵĻȷʵĶˡ
ںԬӦסһպԺŪþҪɹ˭鹬λӶеѡ
ҪܸðȥٹĻȷʵǸ⡣
ڴڣ˰ɣԼûõǸϡ
οԼڶұ֤þһߣôܻӦû׵顣
˺һŹ˿ãûӦ𣿡
һϲ֪ԼӶԴġ
Ͻصū澾ã»кܴյģȲ˵ӸĹϵһ㣬ֻ˵Ӻãֲ裬ֻɾõѡϾٹպ϶Ҫ˵ģպɣﻹŰȥء
ԣŹд󶨣Ҳô»ǿȡһµġ
ڵûع֮ҵʱȥ̽һ£Ҫû˼Ļˡ
ΣԼ˾ϣҲŸˡ
ǲŹһ䣺ҪǿӰæ˵ĻӿǧҪӦ
Ź˵ģʣһ֪ģҪ϶ҪԼȥ˵ҿ϶ǲаæġ
Լ¿ڣЩΪ飬ôܻȥ˵飬Ϊء


270 
ȴ˵ɺԬӦһѵ⣬ȷʵС˳Ϊ
˵飬ʵżȻɺϡ
찲𼱻ǵȥ˳԰֮󣬱һֱδתڳ԰ϢС˳Ҳ֪֮١
֪ӳ԰鹬֮йԼӵϢһֱվԺš
˵ʵС˳ʵ죬ʵƽ
˵ȫȻʶҲ϶ǲ顣
Ȼû飬Ҳ˼ҴϢ
Ե飬֮С˳ֱӭȥ
Ϊ͵ԭҲ֪С˳鹬ߵ̫ࡣ
ѯй飬ҲǸӣûʲôĽԼ֪һЩС˳˵˸š
󻹽ΪʲôɱΪӦ˴λǰµ飬ûʲôһ˵ˡ
С˳ֱˡ
ղŵԺǰ˽޵ֻܳ²ܸԼӵйأȴ
˭֪ȻǰһλֱӱΪӦǴϲһ
Ȼϲ£Լƽʮ磬ϲ飬š
֮ǰʱȻһ˿ʹţȴ˵Ĵ¡
ߵ붼˵ˣɼǧȷǰ϶
С˳ʱϲüҡ
֮Ȼ뵽ҪԼӣȴ³İɣһת
ȻǰӦձҪ鹬ߣȴֻжţҪһסȥĻе㲻Ϲء
֮ԺԬӦ˵ԬӦҲ򴥷գΪӦӦԴΪɣԬӦȥ˺Ժ
˶˾οǿǰ룬Ǹ˾е˾Ȼ֪⡣
ټҲԸӣС˳˵֮󣬱֪еԬӦӦǸ֮
Ȼү齻죬ףͷ͵
תͷָˣ˴ֱӰȥԬӦӡ
ճõĶλƷõĶһΪӦЩ϶ǲټˡ
ܴߵĶҲֻһЩԼĶٶȻ졣
ԬӦɱ֮󣬾ȻԼͬסһӣȻҪˡ
ֲңһǰ뻹ûߣأȻΪ˴Ӧǰλ׻
ԬӦһǧӣҲǰˡ
ӺƢӦ̲˶õġ
ع˶ãԬӦӦ˰ֻǸӦ֮Ҳžˡ
ʱӿ϶ͻˡ

غ󹬵ǣӵɱΪӦϢ֮󣬶ʱסˡ
ڳ԰ʮ磬ֱӱΪ֮£Ҳ֮ܿǰСΧΪ֮£ڸ֪ģ֪ģ㶼֪ˡ
˵ʵǲܵģϾҲͲλõĽˡ
˭֪Ȼ˲ƣֱӲΪֱ˲š
һʱ䣬Ľģʵģ޲֮ģǱȱȽǡ
Ȼɡλݵģ֮󣬵һ뵽鹬ûλ
رɣͬһվãԭλĵλȴӲĳ˵һȣҪж
ۼʵһλԸȻ֮׵Ĵûᡣ
ֻǿûڹڳ԰Ҳֻȷţȿع˵
Ҫ˵Ī˭ǻӴ⹬벽óƽˡ
ƽԴ֪˲ƽС磬Ϊ֮󣬾÷һﲻٶ
֮˸Ǽģɽᣬֱòˡ

ɱΪӦϢ԰֪ҪȹһЩ
ʮϴ֮󣬲԰ﴫġ
ΪαΪӦԭȻҲһˡ
ɶʱһ㵣֪ǰȻ顣
֪ʼĩ֮ǵҲ
Ͼж谮ˣĿõ飬Ķ֣϶ֲ˺á
Ψһû뵽ǣξȻ˿ûй˼ɰҵӣֱӽһߣףĩȵĴӦ
ǿ˽ˣˣûü֣ͱֱˡ
ǽɱΪ˴Ӧ
ҪѾˣǰǡ
һ룬̲ס˸¡
뵽ڻƽˣ˼ƽϣ֪ǻϵļ裬á
ҪȻɺƽ˾³
Ŷе
ȻûбλǰĴر𣬶ǵҲֻΪһ㲻õ飬ԭĵó裬ʧˡ
ԣ⼸˶ǵǰ֮
ǲó裬Ҳǵû񣬶԰ɡ

ɵϢľǵ
ãɵһ㣬˵ͻᱻдҲΪǸӮҡ
۵ϳȥˣԼŬһѣ˵ܽʮȡԼϥ¡
û뵽˴ûᣬȻ
үֱۡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰƻĻ˵ڰУܰһ
ֻ˵ʲôˡ
ɵ飬ȴһѣҲ˾ӡ
Ǿǿϲһ㣬ԺûʮİգòҪʲô
ҪȻɾ³
ԼҲûʲô̫飬Ī
һ飬˵ԺҪ֮ˡ

ӵ£ӵйذɵϢҲЩ㵡
Ȼգ˵ûһ¡
һûܵ˺أǰ󱳿ǿҡ
Ϊ϶Ҳǡ
Ϊпܸǰһţ߸ɽ㣬ȥˡ
ԣĺ˽޺Ǹֽ˿֮ʶûйʡ
û뵽ż죬ɱ㱻һߣףΪĩȴӦ
¶Ҫˡ
˵ʵе㿴׿˼ˡ
ΪΪֱӽǿİɣֱӱΪ˴Ӧ
һ׮׮һģûɡ
ţҲӳˣ̲ס롣
ߵķֺѩȹˣȴô룬ֻûϴ˾٣ΪԼӣŻὫɱΪӦġ
ϢһǸ˲ѡ
ȻøǣлϿأλ˭Ժ󻹸ԼӺǡ
Ҳû߹̬ϵı仯Ƕٻִ֪磬ûԽߡ
»Ǵڳ֮󣬿ǵı֣ҪйߵΪ˵þҪúôһˡ
Ͼ⹬Ҫþǵ
ո߸ϣΪֱ̫ˡ
ԼѾλڸ˼֮󣬻ǰԾԼҪƽģɵΣʧ˱ġ
ԣݲˣͷͷŰ裬˵ġ
ҲС
´ʱ˾ϡ

ϣ¸ùûһŹǰ˼
֮󣬿һǸضµ޹վҪȥѲ⣬Сʮ£϶Ǹϲˣܶɲ޵
ԣЦѵڻһֱ㲻СʮҪѵҪĹ£С檡
˵꣬ص˿һۣ·˵ҿɲǻϿǰ㲻֮ˡ
ǡǡһһֻ֣һü۴Ц˵ˣⲻΪܶոã㲻ߣ𡣡
˵ֽ꣬ԼΪηҪѲԭ򣬸ϸϸһ顣
ԭ³ʱ򣬸˿ɹš
Դ˴Ѳ⣬ȥ˵Ǵʱ仹̡̫
ָոûգòҲͰˣСʮ磬ܼʱϻžöЩԲס
ɣµϲõĳ檣ȥǣô๬ˣ϶չ˺ó檵ġ˵ǻϲ˭۸檣檾Ҫÿ
˵ʵǰǸС˵ʱ򲻸˵λķڣе˲١
˭Ҫ۸϶ǰǰ˳ܡ
ײײеСģʱ̲סЦˡ
СӣȤǣܶء
ֱ̧֣ĵԼӵĴ֣Ȼ̧һۡ
˷ӦѾϰΪҲð
ǿ֮ǰύʹһЩҪн˵飬ҲȥžµҹУ޻ύһġ
оԼγѲӦһʱĻزЩġ
̫ó裬̫˵ۣԼߣҪʲôĻ߻ʵԶģϲϸΪźЩ
ڻʹ˼Ҳ֪һЩԲŻûʹһЩ
οʹλߵģӦڵʱסİȫ
˵ʵԼûΪֱǲһĵӡ
أҲĵĺ⣬˽Ļ֮⣬ǿڿοϷİɣĻѾμסˣ϶ԼΣȥģ檻ԹԵĴڳ԰ŻϹ
仰˿ġ


271 
ҪѲ⣬һȥʮ£±÷ֽʮ籧˹
һ˫ֱ٣ͷСʮŻͰ͡һ㶼ÿСһ߶ԿڵǰҪúÿǼС󱦣ʱ򣬶ģˣҪȻҼС󱦿ǻ޵ģǲǣ
ʾ䣬ǶС˵ġ
ĻһڣʱǵÿЦá
ܶôСһ˵ģʵЩЦ
֪ģΪСʮС㣬öء
ЦϵǺҪúÿǵСʮȡʱ򣬻һϳ
ڳ֣ʵЩвڣ˵СʮģƯСˡ
ţǳԭ
˵գ̧ͷһǰ£ԽСʮ٣кܶطȷʵܶء
ȳ֮󣬿϶ܺÿ
һ룬ﾹȻмڴʮ糤ģ
Ȼ֪룬һ˵йʮȤ£һأһ֮һҪúչԼ֮Ļ
Щ߶߶Ļûо߶ﷴмůůĸо
Ȼı᲻
Ҳ֪һȥôãܲܺúչ˺Լ
Ӽ뿪±㽫ϼѲ飬ѩ˵ˡ
ˣкܳһʱ䲻ڳ԰һҪЩ
˭֪һߣûţ᲻в۵ţ񣬳׼ʱء
ԣȻʮֵľ񣬻ȥ֮󣬾ͽԼŵһˣôôһ١
ߵĹˣԽĶˣʮ磬λ֮Ǳһ˹
١
Ϊһ̫࣬µڣв
û취ӣҲûʱ;Щˣ㽫չʮĹˣ÷ֺͰĹţߵˣѩ֮ҹš
ЩС̫࣬ƽǱ߹š
ʱҲģ֪УжǱ˰ӣж׵ġ
һж˵
ڵû;Щ顣
Ͼļȣӱͬ
ֻϣʱܹÿһЩԽ룬ʱԽ
˵һ䣬ÿڶ꣬ҲΪ

Ѳ飬ͻȻֱӴ˳԰һֲ
ȥʱ򣬿ûѲ⣬˱㶼Ϊˡ
û뵽ļһˣȴͻȻôһ
Ϣһһ󼤶ѡ
Ѳ⣬ֻҪܸǰȥû᲻
д뷨ҲǰȥˣӦж֮ˡ
ȥ˻̫ɲ֪ʲôԭȻ֮ˡ
ٶҲ죬׼գȥһλʹԺ֮󣬾һЩɻûüӦͲȡжʱ򣬱ֱӴˣ뿪˳԰
һͼݵĻᶼûС
Ǹɥʧѽ˶ˣЩҲѾûˡ

һߣ±㰲
ֻʵѰΪ룬ܳʳñϴ衣
ȵʵܲʱ޽һ塣
Ҳ̫ƵҪǲСɲġ
ǰûӣҲЩ飬ֻǷֵ˵ʲô
⻹㣬ӵĽһѣҲֻҧ֡
С󱦣øЩСһܳ˯Ҳϴ衣
ȵʱ򣬴ڲϵСǶߵĹ˴ӣСӣñˡ
Щ飬ͨͨСһ˵ʵĽĲ㶼Ҫˡ
Сһﻻһô졣
ϧǲܻģߵӣҪٹһ¡
Ϊ˵ˣóô˻˫ӣ壬ҲΪ˲Ӳ
֪º¶ʱˡ
Ϊһ¾Ϳˣû뵽Ϊ壬ȻҪ¡
Ϊ룬ô죬ֻӲˡ
ڿߺĵ죬ӭһ꣬ⳡȻµĲȴա
ˬһӲ˵Ҳ¸Źһӡ
һգ˴
ʮϴһգҲˣֻһָ̫࣬ûգҲ̫ˣ˱Ҳû˵ϻ
˹ǹרſġ
ʱѾ˶ʮյӣҲûһʼʱǰûµʱ򣬻´߶߶
رڼ䣬ˮˮ˲٣˯߸û˯񲻹壬Ǿ״̬ǻһȣֱһϣһ¡
˵һ̥ǶΪ
Բ֮󣬿ݹ£ֱе㲻Լ۾
ȤӣֱСģ۵Ķˮˣ˵˵ǳʲô鵤ҩŻ֮á
Цûˣǲ֪ʱÿǳͷˡ
˵꣬㽫ʱܵЩһһ˵˲
ԣȴһĽиʲôտţȻ߲·ɼֶĵġ
ңǻҲûõˣϥǺ۵ëһ꣬ʹ
¶ʱˣ治֪˾Ȼë
Ҫ֪Ļ϶Ͳ˵Щˣ֪ģڱԹļ֪Ϊڳࡢҫء
¸Ͻ⣬ѯ˲˺顣
ڲ˺ͬλסһԺ
˻ٲͺȥֻҪʵʵģҲϲΪ˵λ
֮󣬲˿£ٹգʮˣô𣿡
³˼Ƭ̣ڳ԰ʮ磬Ǵ򵥰һµġ
Ҳ죬ץʱٴˡ˵ͷ
Ҳ뷨
֮󣬲˱˳԰ǵ顣
鱻ʷ˹ְ֮󣬶ڴ󸣽һ̥»ʳ飬Խķħˡ
Ӧ˵ֹ󰢸籾ˣҲͨʳĽһ
˵ʳһһˣϵҲǲܵ顣
ԣիӣʲôӶһԡ
úǣڱ˲ٵЦ
ȴ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ϊǵã󸣽ʷϿĶ֮һ̥һ硣
֪òͬһ´󸣽

ֹգʹרС١Ϲһ˼ѯйʮ뷨
±㽫Լʮ飬ͨС١˵˻ʹ֪
ʹ֪Ҳû˵ʲô˼
ڿյȴǣʱҪҪϽ԰ӣμʮ顣
˵ʵֲĺܡ
Ϊһգ˶ӣȻҲڣ϶Ҳй˲ϵʱ
ομʮˣɺ׸ϣϾͲһء
ɲ֮ûµľ͸Щˡ
ǷֵʵȫԵʮ֮ٵȽ԰һΡˣλǿü˽ģʱӻԸȶദһء
ԣ»Ȼʣ÷˵
ճײˣ˿ԼۣΪϣʱ䣬Ͻ԰һˣʮء
ˣö˴¡
һζܿ쵽ʮӡ
һգȻԡ¡
ԣԡȻ˫ӣ֮ȴǿϴͷϴˡ
ԣ½յĵһ飬ʹʹϴͷϴˮ衣
ˣԡ֮󣬻һױݡ
˵ʵžݹԼԼ㲻Լ۾
Ϊһ²ϴͷϴ裬ֱӶûվӣÿվѩ֮ң΢ʰһ
ڴϣóţҲͲùˡ
ڼ֮ˣҲˣ΢ʰʰͺá
ֻҪΣεľǱˡ
ҺһžټļȣһҪʪȵ޽úöСԽ޶ˡ
ⲻԱߵѩ̲ס̾ӵʱ򣬻ûôһױӿžǰ಻˵Ÿζء
ԣ¿žеԼգҲ꺢֮Լ˺ܴ仯
Ҳ֪ǲΪ̫ûվӵԵʡ
𣬻˵Ƴѩһۣü۴Ц
ūֻ˵ʵѣūӣǱǰһ㡣ѩЦŻػ
룬Լ˱仯ǲΪһ£һֱзֺţԼûôĲ˵ÿղǳԾ˯кܴĹϵء
֮㲻پ£ÿУֻҪǱˣʲô˵
Ǵ¸¿һʳˣѩոն˵ˣԼͦãԺ϶ǲˡ
ΪȥĻԼҪˡ
ױϣȥ˸ڵӤ
һµʱ䣬Ҫ˵仯ģǵʮС硣
ڴǸĶҪԼĳ󱦱һװۡɰĲȱ
һֱԼҶ̫£ڶòһƯÿ
˵ʵҪʮһֱƤӵһһģģҪԼҶӱ˵ˡ
ǰôͰͣôѿСһôֻһ£ͱء
ǿɰִȵСģֱϲˡ
ʱʮպọ́ĺһԵԱտ½˸æ
һһߴĽӹʮ١
ѧϰϰڴ֮ǰʮʱëëţˡ
ѾԱСһ޲֣ʱʱСͷԼСȭͷиŰŰ˵ԼĻ
״µĶҪڻˡ
̲סŪСһ󱦣ˣ߲أ
˻һԱߵϲ㶼ûס
֮ǰʱӣʮ綼ֱӱȥµһӤȻҲ͵һʮС
ʵ벻ףС糤ƯΪʲôôһ
ǰģ֮ǰȥʱѾֹһԼ˺ʮ磬ϰΪ
ӸСֻﺰһȻϸСʽ֣㲻˽ˣȥ֮󣬿Ҫ˵
ԣһֵ̿ͰĹģū澿϶ؿƿġ
µǸоνһСѣ֪Ρ
ͱ󰢸б壬̫ӽбɣһҽгڵġ
طAطi֣˽аɣǴ󰢸̫ӵţ϶Ҳʮƺ
ˣӤСһ˺һȥš


272 
֮󣬱ָżĹˣʼæµ
Ҫ׼͵Ĳˮ֮⣬Ҫɹ˸˾ְ
ǿʱķԸʹС١ļ硣
˵ʵʹڿµĵһۣôƬ̼ʧ񣬺ָֻܿ
ȴЩƽ
ȻϴεʱС١ϻȥ֮˵Щ仯ñǰˣȴЩΪȻֻΪС١ڿʡ
û뵽һȴһ
ںֹǱˣֱ޲ɷƲȥ
ò˹ɫ˵ıڵɡ
˵˵ǰϲǰӣǴżֽ
ȴͬھͶ䣬ȴһ˵ζУƲȥ
ر˫ԭǵһڸΣԡ
һһЦ䣬ΧһȻʧɫ
ͱڣȻͬϳԲ裬УȴȫüЦݡ
ʹ̾һڿϾƾò䣬ӦҲʧˡ
Ҳ⿴Ľ
ʹһͬ³Ųյһѯйʮ׼顣
˵ʵҲǵһֳ棬ȷʵֱġ
ѾԭСˣҪһ棬϶ǲӳġ
ҪȻĹˣ֪ˡ
˻ʹǰ£һ
֮ŵһɵĵʹҲʼ³ų档
԰ߵʵ٣ҾЩݵģҪȻҲлſݳ԰
Щ˲ԸԸҪһӡ
½½ʼ
λϣһĲɵĺŲˮһߣȴʱʱŵĳææȥӰתš
˵ʵϵı仯ʼδ
Ӧ˵ڳɶûԤϵ顣
رӼԴӵϵڻû¶Цء
֪ģ֪μʮģ֪ģΪҳӵء
ģǷ˰һ
ʹˣѾͣﲻˣȴֳֺȫ̶ЦС
οιǴŴ󸣽һմմʮϲģȻܰɫ
ǵģ󸣽ҲˣѾ˰˸µУһ¾Ҫˡ
Ϊһ̥һٵУʲôӶŹʮϲһ֡
أȻϹ΢Цʵе˫֣ۣ֪
ˣȻʲôԴӼ֮ͷһ㶼С
ôҲû뵽ֻ˸ӣ仯֮
ֻһվԺӡ
ټϻϱƫԺǸǣûվĵطˡ
һ룬ʱ
ȵ˵Ĳʱ±ｫյǣʮ籧߸
ڵʮװۣɰһ˫Ĵ۾˿˵Ŀÿһˡ
״Ǻ޵òС
ԹްãҪǵˣɰʮ磬˵þͿˡ
㣬ֻܿҫɪ
ˣϽô󸣽ǰһʮС֣˵֮˻õĻʳ
Աߵ£۾ֱ顣
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֥Ȱοū澽ţĸ˸ߵǲٵĳء
ΣҲֻһ룬ҵϵ˵ϻҪЦӭĶ˵ϲ
֥Ȼ֪Լ˵ʵ˵ıֲһʱ˭Ҳ۵Ӳ
ʱ˸ոϣǳЦȻлÿɰʮ磬Ŀ̲סһơ
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ҲԼͬһ˫۾ȥү
ʲôˣүĳ谮һ磬أڳһλʲôûС
Խ룬ԽԼҪƲסԼҪ׻ϵһġ
ӣһҪסɲšˣǰռﲻ˵Ѿһ˿üĿʱӿһҪסС֥Ͻѵ
ԣʹüģԼƽ
ȷʵһĻ̼ȫʧǡ
ǰٲİѱš
˵ĶԣͿˡһ
֥˱ˮŵǰϣ׾ͺãҲֻڿŷ⣬һʧ裬³ء
һˮ֮󣬵˵öԣһҪס
סҲû취ѷᣬүƫ˵ճʹҲǳվϵǱߡ
϶ǲġ
ҪȻҪٲˡ


273 
·ϣڼϵʱԱߵĲˣ̸ͬǵĹϵǲǲ
΢΢һ˻Ǻ⣬ǲԼԽ
˳˼Ƭ̣ʵʵ˵ȥͬסһʱ伯ʱչˣž߶
ԣ΢΢˵ͷ̾һǸ鲻ã϶ֻкôûʲôϾҲˣ˵õ˼ʱ򡣡
˻һڣ˱֪˼ˣ˼Һûжӡ
ǡ෴ô⻰мĽ˼ء
Ǻ˼ǿ϶׷õġ
˵ģȷʵˣԼû£òϵӣܲһ㲻Ϊպǰɡ

뿪ĻʹС١ˣһƣĻصҡ
ѩ֮˵ķ£ϵĻж׸Ρ
ϴ֮󣬲Ų𿪿дױ
У˵һЩȥⷢ飬֮͵Ϊ֪ﲻܶʸдţԲŻ֮дŵԭ
ű˵ˣû֮һЩ黰
¶Щ
ȻŵҲûʮ磬ѯһĽ
ûеƤû֮顣
ϸϸ꿵ţݸһЦ
ÿԽԽˣȻûкúϢ
ֲɵôܲúϢԼ忪Цء
ѩǰȥ鷿дһŸ
ѩкīʿʼдš
УȻٲдһЩ˼֮顣
¶ǣԼдĻǺܺġ
ʮȤǲ٣ʮϲԼСȭͷСմˮ
ʮѾǰһֱó󣬻С󱦣ǲӦãҵС󱦣ÿƯˣˣ϶ϲȵȡ
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෴Сûͦʡ
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ҪСһˣȥڶŪһˣصԴϢԼԳԺȺȵӡ

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ʱԶѾæĽŲմء
Ȼ֮ǰѾǰȥձȻأֻһµʱ䣬ѾϯĮ
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ȴΪһţãǲװ
Źҫӣ´ȥŵʱ˸ӻȥЩʲôˡ
ţοٴߵ飬Ҳջؾ
ߵѾһ¾ܽ飬ŪڽĺܳһʱҪֽˡ

յдĵڶ֮ʱʱѾ¶ࡣ
ʱ뿵뾩һࡣ
Ϊٽֳٳδ飬̫ڳ԰ʮڵּܲȻûʹ׼
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Ϊ˫û꣬۳Ͷ١֮⣬ϲסڳ԰õɡ
˵ʵҪǿԣһסڳ԰Ҳеġ
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ֱ˼
״ԼѾʵʵʮӣҲˣҲûпȰ˵
ֻѩ֮עŵ㣬˾ͺá
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ԣĹˣһ£ԳԼͬо¿ζ±
ţڵģڵģѼڵģڵģиˮڵġ
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»ִ֪磬ÿһ¿ζտʼʱ򣬲һϼһζ
ҪζȽϺóأ´εʱٶһЩҪǲóԣ´ξͲˡ
һüĹһ
ΪЩ¿ζ±ζ̫ˣԼӱ𾢣ĺٻԡ
Щ¿ζ±ҲֻΪһʱˡ
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ں񸣽Թֿζ±֮ѡ˰ֹϿζ±
֮ƽһιǱߣʺʱȥĳ
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Ͼʲô±ûԹԶ⣬ҲΧһѵͲ±
͹ȥʵԼ⡣
ֻһյʱ䣬˰ֿζ±ȻִЩ±УѡһЩõ±װд
һ׼׵ŷԸƽˣЩȥ˹Ǳߡ
ţ֮ǰ͵ǰ


274 
Ժ
ӵһʳУߵʹ֮ʳзŵǰСϡ
ӣո˵ʳ±ģӳʣ
廨Ļʹһȵ̧ͷģ
ءصū澻˵֮ǰʱ򣬾Լ˸ֿζ±ùаŷŵǰȥĳϣ͸үء
ģֲܵү˳谮ء
ԣ㿪ڽӣҪҪҲЩ±⣿
ʹȴֱҡҡͷˣǰΣүҲһעĵ
ο˼ԼģֲȥαȡأѡЩȥɡ
⼸꣬ʹ˿Դ١ҵ̬ȣȻҲͲԸٶ໨˼ֺÿ
ʲôģһ
ūˡӦ
֮ʻʹҪҪһ±
ʹе̧һʳУȻģܲ˷һ⣬һС鳢һɡ
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ȻͬˣҲͬûʲôˡ
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ֻΪǰʱʮʱ͵лѡ

ʹûж룬²֪Լ϶ûжġ
ͻʹԼ±ȷʵΪʹհࡣ
رǵǻΪλݵͣλɴѹǳе¶
ʱ򣬻ʹᾭڽΧѿ
͸±֮±ŹˣЩ±ȥʹıһԼ⣬ҲǸ⡣
ķ
˵˸ʹȥԼ±ַ֮Ըƽ׼һЩӵƵĲϣյӵƳȵڵϷźӵơ
Ͼ԰Ĳ࣬ͺӺˮࡣ
ԷźӵƣҲһĽĿ
ټţպ󻹲֪ûлڳ԰ȻĶˡ
ȵع֮󣬿ɾûõֻˡ
ʱȴҵ£ڽū˵±ʹȥһݣ
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ֻصûвףūֻǾãӼȻϺͻʹԼ±һأһЩȥ̫ʾТ˵졣
ԣȴˣ˵ʵûǹһ硣
Ϊ̫̫ϲԭԲüϵˣܶԶͶԶ
ټϻ̫̫̫ݣǽ˩һ
Ϊ̫̫̫ӡӦҲòȥ
Ϊ˼ٲҪ鷳Ǽڻ̫ǰĴڸУǴ̫ǰսġ
ڷȴҲһЩ±ȥ売Ϊй
˵ʵЩ
е㲻ҡ
Ҫƨûĺãĵϣɾ͵ùˡ
һ̫˲ϲô죿мֵĵ
ȴūӵĵĺ͹ǣֻ̫̫̫̫̫̫˵ˡ˵˻ϣ˻ʹҪǵƲ̫͵ĻǷ׵Σ̫ǳ
̫ϲϲǶҪǵ飬ֻҪ˾ͺá
˵ΪĸһЩ
Լǹ˵ʱԲù˼̫࣬һѣ̫Ҳһע
Լλλǰţʲô飬Ӧÿǡ
ҪĲףױָժ
οڹʱ䲻̣ź̫Ҳû̫Ǳߵ˴Ի̫ıԣȻ˽ıȱ˶һЩ
ո˵ģ̫̫̫飬кܴͬġ
ҲΪʲôȰ˵ԼӣҲ̫±ԭ
ҪûиϺͻʹ±ҲͰˣ̫Ǳ߲ҲͲˣûʲôϵ˼Ȼˣ϶ǲƿ̫ġ
ͲǴ͵Ļǿ϶Ǵˡ
һʱ˵ϣǿɾѿˡ
˷ֵһϯ֮³˼Ƭֵ̣ģȥһЩȥ̫
ܴǶǴӦòẦˡ
ԣֻͦο
˵ʵԼȻرҲʱ鿼ǵĲǺȫûЩɵ֮ġ
һɱȲϵģǾӺãȰ
صȥɣ֮ӾͲҪɱȥˣʱū԰һˡ
£
ðɣû뵽ֶԴ»ͦģжԼ鰡
֮ǰ±׼Ĳϻв٣Ѹɱŷ񸣷һҪ±ȻѡƷõĳװС
֮󣬱㽫޵񣬽˷֡

売Ϊй
̫ߵ֣˵ߵķʱﻹЩƲѡ
ֻǵз֮ȴһסˡ
һŵǡ
ǷǰŮʱ֡
Цŵңô겻û뵽Ľ㻹ϵóҡ
̹ȵɣ̫ߵʶġ
ټȷ̵ĵüϣڵĻ̫ݹϵǻҲʱġ
ֻǺ̵ַĵڶްţȥˣŶϵ
ʮδ˱΢ЩԵľ
ֻãһֱڻ̫δӹĻ˳졣
־ЩˣɥɥӣŮ޺ֻ˹е
ｲԼЩĿҲһꡣ
æڿοֵݲҲλҲ㰾ͷˡοڹó裬ҲǾ˽֪顣
˵˴ֻЩԹȻˣôҲ˵˵
ЦЦȴûж͡
֮󣬷ŽԼ˵Ŀ˵ˡ
ԣֵİɣϣȥ֮ҲӿıǣӶûʲôƫ
Ȼûǰܻ̫أôҲѾɻ̫ߵˡ
Ի̫ߵ飬Ƕ˽һЩġ
ҪȻЩλɾڻ̫ǰҩҲû̫ĳֹܹ
ָϽлǾ鷳Ľˡ
ʲô鷳ģ󲻹仰顣ֺˬ
ܴӦʹ죬˸ʶ֮⣬ҲΪ̫ûбֳĲϲռ˺ܴһԭ
ԣ֮ǰŵһģٷһЩ
˵ʵ֮ǰҲֻǱһԵ̬
ϾѾôûϵ˭֪˼ԸԸӡ
οǰʱҲرҪõĹϵ
ԸӦڻ̫ǰæ䣬Ѿܳˡ
ʵҲ֪Ķԣ޷Ǿ֡
̫߲⡣
룬ǾᣬһˣΪԼЩŬ֮⣬Ҳһʶ
û뵽겻ֲһϳӦæҲǸ֮ϲˡ


275 
˵뿪ʳУֱȥ
̫ϵ±һ˼˵ģģ
˲֪͸оˣΪ̫̫ԭЩִ
ܶԶԶܲǰգͲǰա
Ǵʲô磬Ȼ±
ֱ˼
ֵӣʵߣүͻʹǱߣҲһ˵ġ
·Ѿ߹ҲûбҪŻ̫ҪȻԽ󣬱ʧԽ󣬷ˡ
̫ȴʲôǺܿĵҲˣǵðҾͲ
Ͷûκڴէһʾãмָ˵ġ
æЦɲ˵ﻹӵģֻǰһֱ׽ˣᣬǰͰ͵Тӡ
̫˵ͷ˵Ŀɲ
Ҳһҧʮ¾֮ǰʱΪ̫̫ԭ򣬲һֱ׽
ǰʱʮϴԼŻʵ۵ӣһζһ˼ɣҲпܵ顣
һ룬̫һѾ൱ˡ
㿪ڵһһôҲһƬ⡣
ԣָǸˡ
ϽԸԱߵĹˣó±һȻŵУʵ̫ǰ
̫׼õ磬һСڣ֮˵ͷ˵һ䡰ζ
״һ
ͬʱã̫ȷʵûʲôͲϲ֮ġ
෴±ľٶŻмָˣҪȻҲܸӵĳ˲˵һܿ϶
ɼʾã̫Ӧûмڴġ
ȻҲпһͶ̫ʣҲпܵ顣
˼Ƭ̺󣬻ǿڵ֪ӿɻǵõߵǸڵް֮󣬻ȥźＸĹŮֻǺͣͳȥˡ
ԣ̫һ£ȻҡҡͷʱѾȥô꣬Һûʲôӡ󡣲ôȻ±֮£ʲôϵ
ֻصȻйϵģ֮ǰУү˸ֹȥ˷ʵ֣ū˵
˵˴żֿŵǲ֪Թ±ʱūһҪǱпرñϵĺ룬ūûϳϾСʮûˡ
˻һ̫ʱ治ѣ¶һȻı飺˵ѽеӡˡ
֮ǰ˵֣벻˭һ˵ǳһźĹˣԺӡ
ȷʵڵ߷̹
ȻǵĸŮҲᾭ̫Դ˻ӡҲΪǺ̫۵ԭ
빬ˣź򣿡̫̲סʵ
ֵѽҪǲūū֪ء
һǿ仰Ϊ˸߻̫Ҳǵһμ棬ô̫ġ
ֳֽ֮֮ЩĿ̫˵һ顣
̫󶼲òпһ䣺ҲǸˡ
ֵͷɲūãһֱߣҲûԹʲô࣬˸ˡ
һ仰˵û̫ο
ʵִʱڻ̫ǰֱعֵͬĹϵҲԭ
ţĵֽͬıͱ̫ǰֱڻ̫ǰ·ء
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οҲ̫ķӦУһ̫̬ȣжͷֽǸʲô̬ȡ
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˻һֶʱһ
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̫ȴֻЦЦȥɣȥأҪȻɾҪˡ
ǣūȥˡ˵գֱȥû̫˵Ρ

ֻص֮󣬱㽫з飬֪¡
ʱ֪־Ȼ̫ߵʶ
תһ룬־Ȼ
Ͼǻź˳εɵˣôһʶҲӦõġ
ҪһʶǲŽء
շΪǰʶ߶ȷʵЩϡ
Σܸм֡
˵ʵԹǰ飬֪Ļ̫٣Ų֪ǰźӣ̫ôһϵ
֪Ͳ֪ɣǰ˵Ȼ˵ĵ
οʱ̫̫ϵôȥ˼ҲԶԶġ
ֻȡˡ
ڲŶϵҲΪʱʡ
һ룬²ûйﷶֵ
෴ͦмΪԼȻǰʶæ
ʵЩΪˡ

Ż̫ʹ͵Σʱ򣬿ǽºͷֵһ
û뵽ȥ±̫󲻽ˣȻʹ͡
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֮ǰ˵ǰ㣬̫̫ͻ̫󵽵ˣһŶۡ
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οѾһˣ߻ʮ磬Ǿ͸Ϊˡ
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ŪãҲǰ֮Ϊڸǻʼҳţ˵æƨɡ
º˼ҼȥĸТڡ
ԣ̫Ѻñʾķĵϲú͸ˡ
ҲڲյģᱻüϵŮŪˡ

ȴ˵ǸԶĿ±Ǹ̫ͻʹ±԰ǣһ㶼֪ǲܵ顣
ڲ֪жˣڱֹӶ࣬ء
Ψһû뵽ľǣº̫Ȼר˸ȥʹ͡
Ϣһɶʱըˡ
֮ǰ飬˶Ϊ̫̫̫һǲϲġ
ڴ˾һֲôһ¡
˵ʵǶЩ׻̫ˡ
ԾǶ±ľٶѽҪȻҲʹˡ
֮󣬱˵סˣסľ͵ˡ
뵽֮ǰʱһ٣ٶڻ̫ǰҩ
ÿλ̫޶Բ˵ʱǰӦĺúãתͷȴʲôҲΪ
ǻΪǻ̫˼ҲԸͺ֮ء
ڿôһѽ
̫ϲһ£ҲֻһֱĶѡ
̫Ҳûй˼
һ룬ǻʲô׵ģһжֻǵΪˡ
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̫ڵľٶмͬѺദ˼
һЩ͵˵Ķˡ
һʱֲ֪ôźã̫ܲܵǰ˵ܶðɡ
϶вͨġ
̫нմ˾٣϶һղе뷨ֻǽ±飬˻̫һܺǫ̃׶ѡ


276 
յ̫ʹ͵֮ȥ˶һĲһ㣬ڶĸоࡣ
ȱ֧𣬵Ȼȱ
һѣֵƣȱֻǻ̫һ̬ȶѡ
ڻ̫̬ˣҹλʱҲᱻˡ
ټʮ磬ÿտôȿɰСһĳҲǰãȻͿ飬һҸ
ºϲڵ״̬ܾöһ㡣

ӹļ죬գ۶ڵսٽ԰нԽŨ
һֱæͽ顣
ǰʱǸСˣֻ׼ͬԼɵĽȥá
ȴУΪλݣڵĽȦӴһȦ
Ӧ˵ڵλݣѾڹͷǼλȻ
˿˳ۣҲ˳ۣȴ
߶ĻҪ߶ĻҪ
ˣΪ໥˳۵ĹϵͳĽɻҪϸϸһЩ
ⱻó˵졣
֮أһãͷֵһֱæŴ¡
Ľ񣬱ͳҪһЩҲο
׼׵֮ƽż˽һһ˳ȥ
԰ߣ˻ʹ֮⣬λϻͶɡ
أǹ;ɡ
ҪͽľǸ¹ϵȽҪõŹˡ˵ˡ
ԣһֽ񣬿϶Ҫͻعġ
Ϊڵԭ򣬴ӹﵽ԰Ͷĳ٣ȥĽҲʲô¡
ͳ´һ

ܿ͵˰ʮ塣
һգױ磬ոװ
λ֮ǰЩɫܴ·ڿԴˡ
ԣװɫǰкܴͬǰ봩ȴֲܴɫ
װĴ廨ŻֻǵǼ֣ͼͻƷ֣ҲԽḻ
Ǵµİ֮ġ
һʰ׵±ֱ˼
ǵģҲԼרˣǰǰ㣬ȥģҪԼ˫ȥ
ټΪ˱̬ÿζҪŸ߸ߵĻףٶȺ̶ȣȻ֪
ںˣڲˡ
ΪˣƽרŴ·ļС̫࣬һʱ̧Ļ
ûȥ֮󣬾
һ·ͨĵ˻ʹסԺйǰӭ
²λ֮󣬵һβμִ͵ɾۻᡣ
ı仯λãԵı仯
ǰʱǹˣõʱأ̸ܻһ
ʱȴվλ
ڲһΪ·ٹһλڲרλһͦǰ
ΪûʽвĹϵλ֮ĩ
ףк֮ƵĵǸʮĶɡ
ǳĺˣȻСŮȡµ飬˼Ҳʲô
£Σ̬ȼƵйʮڵ
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ǽԼ˵ͷʵˡ
ڵαףڵһʶ
˼ݺƤ硣
ЦȻģϷĸ֡
״Ա߿ֱƲ졣
õԽԽαˣˣܳװˣ˼
ԼͲȻһʼ͸վ˶棬ɫ˵
Ǻ䳰ȷѾƢܺˡ
˵˼ҲɵӣΪ˵ûʾһ£˼ͻ󷽡ǰӵԭɣ
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ڻʹγĹ죬õ죬תߡ
ʹ
ڻʹ֮󣬸ԻصԼλá
ΪȻʹΪԭ򣬿м磬ڳɣ˭С
λɵȨ
ʹ֮˵˼俪ףȻſʼѯʻйڴ󸣽ǲû׼׵֮顣
֮أйϥµļ磬һЩ
µʮ磬ʹҲǹĵ˼䡣
ǰλݵͣʻĻ٣λˣҲˣȻҲֲһĴ
֮һһʱ಻١
رֵóģ۵ӣ쵶ӣյࡣ
ڶֳԤϣϾǻҲʱ˵һ
Ӧ˵ӦɣҲԼ̫Կˡ
ټλߵĻʹƫⳡ밲˹ȥˡ
󣬻ʹɣǰ̫ס売Ϊй
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ο˶ӣСһ̫С׳£ҲȾ
ⶼ²뿴ģûСһ


277 
磬ڼúϢһ֮󣬴Űѩǰ売Ϊй
ʱ絽һ˵лԺȽСİǵ԰
ŷ֣ڰ˭˭ҪãѾߡ
˰Űʮ£˾浽һȥ
缸鷿̫Ӻ硢İһ𣬲˵尢߰磬һ
ڴ󰢸磬Ѿ飬볯õˣѾ濵Ѳȥˡ
ŮӣǻһЩְɡ
Ҳܶ£űԼСĶ񣬺ͼͱȽСĸǣһ˵ĻһʱʱעǱߵĶ
½֪֮žɣҲӹϹμ硣
ֲøոԺʮء
ʮ绹û䣬ΪŹҲûиһ԰
º󣬻ߵʮһ磬ߵʮ硣
ʮһѾ࣬ʮҲˣһ㲻ϲС棬Сľֻ浽һȥˡ
ҸĻͦãտʼʱϵ棬ȻǸιһڣιһڵĳ
ĸʱЦͣĻֺͦǡ
һ룬պԼҵС󱦣ûһѽ
̫СûӰ
¶ʱΪԼСʮպû飬ȳˡ
֪һǷü
ڼ䣬ѯ£ôûʮһ𱧹һơ
ֻ˵̫Сֻ֪˯պл϶
˼֮󣬻̫橳֡
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ڸ̫̫̫֮ܵǰԣһһĸĽš
ǽ̫̫Ķˡ
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ʱףƼ˻ʹͬİ֮ĸТȵЩƷЩܲˡ
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жҪ磬ȹԼĵλǴĿõ顣
Ψһɻİ磬ȴС˻ʹϥ£ϻʹΪĸ
˵Ǹ衣
вʺԹޣǿ϶ġ
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λҪ̣̣ҪֶֶΣĺݸǲڻ¡
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Ҳʱ֪̫ʹε飬Ĳһʱ
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˵λǰЩӸ˸ʮܣϲ
ֱһԾ
ɼϲĸӡ
Ͼ⼸°ɿɲ٣ɹˡ֮ģڹ˵λء
رϰ˵Ķϰڶ鷿ˣȴֻǸڡ
ҲδһڵλݣͺȫȻһ㡣
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Ϊƽ˵ڻڽУȥҲ޼¡
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һ뵽Щ̫ӵɫʱ

԰߹ʱԶĿҲûţͬ󰢸ԣˣǵ
ֻڳ԰֣ΪƣЩ
οﻹĮԭŰʲôڡ
±ǳ˲١
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˵˴뵽ǰʱԼҲǽĵĲС
̧Ĵ󰢸ļ򣬿οģôڣ󸣽϶ƽģҲҪ̫ˡ
Ϊ֮ǰһĹְÿԴ󰢸мΡ
Ѳ⣬ӴѾڱְĴ󰢸硣
һ´󰢸֮⣬Ҳ̧ٴ󰢸ݣһӰ졣
˿ԼȻ飬Դ󰢸ȴûʲôһǰǰ㿴ء
󰢸ȻҲ֮쳣˵ЩΪ
ҪÿĿ࿴
Ͼ󰢸˭ûڳе֧֣ԼҪٲŬĻ޷ȥ̫ӣᴢ֮λ
ԣĿοĻ֮󣬴󰢸æڽ͵׺˼ŸߣЩԲסˡ
ԣ΢΢˵ͷԴ󰢸˵Ǹͬܡ
Ͼ뾩ʱҲǸո꣬Ҫߵʱ
ȴˡ
ÿҲмֶԲסĸӡ
˼󸣽ҪĻǱӦúܿ촫Źġ
󰢸΢΢˵ͷ
̧ͷеԲ£յ˫ȭȴй¶ʱŵ顣
ֻϣ󸣽һ̥һҪʳ
Ļ飬˵תء


278 
ֵڹ󣬳԰ֹƽҲʼÿճ˿飬Сˣ
ӸԶĿдţ߻йС󱦵ĻǰȥĳӴȥ
ʱܿ³ųĵҲʼһһ졣
ÿҲҪӱʱ
һգùţƽ˵ոսӵϢ󸣽Ǳ߿ʼˡ
ԱߵķֿʵӿҪȥ
󸣽ΪΣ϶Ҫȥ߸ġ
룬ô󸣽ǵһ̥ӦòܿЩʱٹȥһ
磬ױһڽһ󣬱ѩ֮ҳš
ס֮󣬹Ȼϣ󸣽δ
Ѿʼڣʱʱ󸣽ʹʹ
ˣʱҲڵһ߳Ų裬һߵȴš
Ȼ򶨣̬Уܿһ˿š
ʹûԹȴС١Ϲš
һ磬Ϊ󸣽һʱʱһӤӲڴ󸣽һ̥˳
ֻŽֱٴӲϲ˵󸣽µǸСڵնʱΪ֮һ͡
ոջϲõĻһ
һʱ䣬ţ㿴һۣҿһۡ
жŴ󸣽һ̥Ǹ磬Ŵ󸣽ݷУɿһ
ôţôãڴ󸣽һµȴǸСһֱűϻʳĻνܵˡ
ǰָߵΪڸһƣݺϡ
ϵ£ֻ΢΢̾˿
Ϊ󸣽еͲֵ
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ϧ͸Ļȴ飬ֱһĺøûԼɣɲϡ
˻һһ֮
״ԭ˵ϲ˳㰵һ»ҲԹԱ졣
ڱԵĻʲôǵһŪ²̨ɾͲˡ
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û뵽˵ľȻһѪ
ʷϺҲȷʵˣ󰢸̫ǰ棬ʳԸɲһִ

ȴ˵󸣽߸յС񲻾ãһֱ˹עŻߵ̫ӣͽӵϢ
֪󰢸˼ҹһ̥ǸС̫֮Ӹ˵صЦ
һ
˵󰢸ƴ»ʳ̫ӿ϶Ǹֹˡ
Ϊˣڰû¡
ֻǲǻǴ󰢸綼ļΪܣûеóѰˡ
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ڴ󸣽ûеС磬ǵһСĪˡ
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֪϶ϲĳӣǴ̫ǴӹŮӳ
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οҪŪһӳݣպһ󰢸硣
϶ǲġ
ԣ̫ӻƹƣ̫û֮ǰ͸ӵ飬϶ǲɵġ
߻и֣һӦƺ飬ܰ׵
ټϿڲھУ˹̫мˮĸо

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ʱĻԽܴ󸣽Сʵϳ˵ȫ̾ûЦһΡ
ڳĲɣ￴Ц
ҲڼӵĴ󸣽ҿɫԲǺܺá
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Ϊʹ󸣽죬Ҳ˵ֱ̫ӡ
Ȱ˵󸣽Ҫ˼ǣ֮⣬޵ĸ󸣽һ£֮òҪͬе顣
ȰһҪú壬õȹһʱ֮Ҫӡ
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ܻ̫Ҳ֪󸣽ѴټСôҲǻʼﱲĵһӣϴ
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ʱź֪ķԼЩˡ
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һ룬ͨһЩʼô󸣽ӣοٻָ壬ȡջһ̥
Ͳˣһ̥Сһ̥ĻС

Ѯʮ¡
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˵ʵСһܳ˯ֱ
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ǡͷ£˸š
һ£˵õСֶջᷭأôעʱ򣬻͵͵ķء
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ºҲŸ
̲סСһݺݵһڣһҪ˵ĶԲԣ
СһЩֻ֪ԼץϲĲϻ
ȻС죬ԼĿˮͿĨڲϻϣʾԼϲ
¸Ͻֹ࣬ɲܳԡ
ԣСеСί˵ˣĶ
Դ֪վҪ龩ֿ֮ʼæ
˽ʰһ鲻˵ᣣȫµġ
СԴճɹһ֮ոǿʼƵϰԼոս¼ܡ
һʱʱԼǰһ
Ͼÿα꣬ԼҶһһ˷ܣͻᱧױٸ߸ߡ
ϲ顣


279 
ؾϢڳ԰ǽһ
Ͼ˴Ѳ⣬ʱίʵЩ
Ҳ˲ѣôû󰢸磬Ľ
һ˵Ҫ㿪ʼææ׼ŶϲĶ
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ţʥݹȷڶ
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գ۶
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æµһϣʱʰ׵ǰԺϡ
ΪȥӭʥݣɵĶͦ硣
ˣΪڿǰһĻᣬÿ˸í˾ô۳ʣôױ硣
һŵĵҲ۵ıɫҲһյķһ׵ĵͷ档
˵һӺݻ󣬷˴ԼһҲΪ
Ӳǽֻ߰˷ֵòƾŸ߳ױݺʹ磬˾ŷ֡
۳ʵĻ
òе̳һɫװټϾµױݣ޶ׯ次
һڳ΢΢ɫ
ΪƽֻڴºױϣҲǷ˾˼ġ
Դ֪Ҫ֮ÿһĤͻһ춼û¹
ЧԶ׼ñӱرõһС۵Ŀˮ
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ϾԼԡߵĹ˰æġ


280 
ȴ˵½Աߵ޽ݸֽ֮֮ǰͱõУȻվڿԲԶԼ·
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á
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֥ص⻹治˵Ͼ̫󵽵尢ü꣬ǰóʱ˼һͦТ˳ġ
ϵĲյһڣſڵ˵ҲԣѽһһεĥʱˣҲ䵭ġ
ԣ֥־Լ˵Ҳԡ
ǲǻ̫󣬲֪̫ľˡ


281 
ʱ֣ڹ˵ķױãȻѩƽǰӣμٰ쿵ļ硣
ʱѾʼƣæµĹˣ絽ɣССǣͦ֡
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żʱٽɿʼ½½
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˵ʱʱչʾԼǷԽУǻҫľĶӴ󰢸ˡ
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282 
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һѩ֮ҵķϴһ濪ʵϽǺʱ뿪ģнʲô
ʱһΣֻۣΪʵ̫˯˹ȥ
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283 
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285 
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Сһ״̬Ȼһţʱδĵ顣
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286 
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ɣŶӦóƺӦˡ
ֻӦһߺСŮոնҩһ߿СŮôӣǷʲô飿
ǡǡСŮЩսս˵״Ρ
СŮԲԭӦˣԭĹ˱ȥ˾֮󣬱ûͻ
ӦźСŮǺģҲԭ鹬ɨĵ͵СŮȻﶼӦ⡣
ʲô˵㣡СŮûϢӣӦһ
ȻΪӦƢȴ˿ûκΪԬӦִһձһձꡣ
ӦߵĹ˶ܺ
ǡŹڰҡСŮ󵽵˵˳
Ӧһ㶣ᵽȥ
˵ǡ˵ǰᵽٹȥס
˵꣬СŮxuӦɫҳһ޶ŭ𣬷йԼϡ
ǲ˵ֲУԬӦӦ֪࣬ᷢƢ
ϾԬӦϲЩ飬̼Լˡ
ⲻӦԴ붬ֱӲˣǱԬӦġ
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һһҩȥ˿ת˵Ūһӵҩζ
һǵͬסһݵԬӦáԸȥ죬ҲٴԼ
ȴû취ԬӦҪŹ˻˯
ȻСŮ˵֮Ӧɫòÿ
ֱӿáǸ˵ĸ֦Ȼˣغܵɣ
һСŮ޲öסԼĶ䣬ոʲôû
ϾӦΪλǿǴ󲻾Ϊ˸淢ԼԼӶҪųԿͷ
ֻӦѾƹˤټϲ˭֪мպûȻô죬ôˡ
ΪͬסӦֲˣԼĳӦȻҲߵĶ
ֻ̿ǰ̲סֱƲ죬ţԽԽ֪ˡ
˵ʵ䵽ⲽأҪڣ粻֪϶ٻˡ
̫ҽβÿպҩֱոˡ
ɾҲ֪ǣû»ҪƢҲõԬӦʱʱһһ֣ÿնʤ䷳
֪˵ʲôˡ
˵ʵӦʱ򻹻ỵĵ룬Ӧ˴ֱȥ˲źأҲþЩħƶˡ
ϧӦڶǿĺܣȻûвãҲûвˡ
ֱĥԺɡ
ҲŹΪհ鹬ԭ򣬱ϾԬӦӦ̫ˡ

Ź˰ٹбһ飬ǾǽӴŹÿյ밲
ֻϲ˯ټ䲻𴲣±ŹһʱŹٹ밲
ٹֻɣֹϵ밲ҲûʲôĶǣ徻ĺܡ
ÿվһȺȲ裬죬ȻС󱦣ŪһȻһ顣
ϾŹҲӵģֻǺزˡ
²²⣬زۣ˺һԭ֮⣬ӦΪʱĿǺɣ̫Сԭµġ
Ҳֻǲ²⣬Ȼ˵

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ոæµĿһ̴ľȦϺȲ裬һߵŹסٹ֮סÿɻϰߣ
˻һŹ΢΢һ
ͬʱ̲ס㣺סϰ߲ϰߣֲ֪ȥѽ
أҲ֪Լ϶ǲ˻شү
ڳƬ֮ŹصүĻӦϰ߰ɡū˵Դסٹ֮󣬾һֱæµʰװٹأɼﻹͦϲٹġ
˵ʵգŹʵ벻ү˼ʱʱĻͻȻй顣
տʼѯûסٹٱûйǬ幬ǰ
أʹ֮ȴȫû˺
֮үǼȲȥٹҲ
ȻٹʵǬ幬ڸڡ
Ź̿ôľ϶ʲô֪顣
أҪ˵ìܣү˰ɣȴЩ
ΪŹãү黹ͦƽģƽŻعˣƽĴų¡
ӡ
οæʰٹľͷǲ
ҪȻǬ幬үԭˣһ㶼Ϊ
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ͱڣ껰ֻ֮ǡŶһûģͷԡ
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ôǱ߾һֱûأֱ̫ˣ
˵ǸŮԼܶһǸĴ񾭴ĸûпʱ
Ҫʵ˵ĻıŤкء
ҲԼܶڻ֪ԼͷĲء
һ룬ԽãԼ⼸ոԼܶŤţֱֿԡ
ھȥٹˣȴ־Լûӡ
ϾҲˣͷҲŤˣɵͷȴԼû£νܵˡ
뵽վǻ̫ٳӦûˣ΢ƽһЩ


287 
գ̫ٳ˸硣
Ȼѩ֮ҵķױ磬׼õϲװȻֳŷĸģ˵ӡ
һʰ׵סںŹù
΢֮󣬱һٹǰʹסĳǬ
иôиʲôģ˿һǰɱԼһҪõĶࡣ
ʱǬ˲ɡ
λݸߣǲЩʰ
ҲֻʱɲԽо¸ǰĲһ
ѾǵСˣǸʲˡ
رЩعСûиǰȥ԰ǣΪ¸ոջعԭǿҵĶԱȣǸоֱۣʵһЩ
ˡ
Ȼϴȥ԰μӼʱһҲһͬ˵ŻһĴʵ
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ȴ˵صůϴһ֮ǿ壬˼ݽۣǰȥޡ
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˵ʵһֱıŤһ״̬ͱ飬֪Сӹò
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Ϊѽ
šҹɫУ念ɫУȴ˼Ȼ

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״ǹɱŤʱʧӰ١
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ر˵Ҳ˵ʹԼһ£Լ޵
˵Ϲģ˰ɡ


288 
ٴ̲סڵܶ޵ɣ
԰檵Ȼ֪ǻϵϾҪԼĻǺֲɵ
ȷʵɵɵòá
˵֪ԼܶȻ˻ۣ鶼ó
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˵˵ô࣬´ʱʵѾӦӦòΡ
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һ㶼һһƶ졣
أʱȻع֪Ѿˡ
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һ౻ԵĶͷһ죬һ㲻۸ˣǻ۸檲ŶԣҹĲ˯Ȼٹŵó檲ᣬոճ檻Ϊѹء
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һʱ䣬ϰùöҲ̲סĿ࿴Ȼܵõ˳谮Ҳԭġ


289 
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õԼλݵĽͽӡϵˡ
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׶ۼֿ죬һƤ֮ࡣ
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ֻҪԸ⿪ڸ˵˵ûֻӣȻںˡ
ˣ¶ſĺݸһЦڵȻó˵ǳ檾˵ˣ˶˵ܳŴǼȻﶼܳŴˣǻΪһһǸ󡣾͸ղǵС飬Ͽ϶ûзϹ
һҲװˣ̲סЦ࣬ƶҲ޲ƽϡ
˵Żֱӷ۶ۡ
ϣЦɲҪô˵ϵĶء
ţ¶һĵģϷģ֮󣬳ѾطΪݺݵĽѾ檱ʾպһ׽Ūˡ
˻һʱ¶һһѾı顣
˵ʵҪ֪ԼСʮֻһ´СӤ⸱ĵ汣֤ģҪĹˡ
λֵëһû䡣
Ը⿴ġ
ǰûΪλСǿֺ
¶ı֮¸Ͻôϲţڻߺ󣬺úõĽѵСһء
˵˴ֹ¶һܲ˼ЦݣһתСһöЩ檾Ͳö֪ˡ
˻һҪǿϰ˵ҭ˵ı£ܱ
Һ˵֮ǰѾ׼Ųڱˡ
ҧ޿ҪѵĲСʮŶԡ
죬Ͻòãֲǳ檾ŻϺ벻ţΪʲôҪѵ檡
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㻹˵˵һ㲻Ҫѵľˡ
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Ϊ֮ǰ飬ԼСʮһ٣ںˣСļȻܴ򣬾ֻܴˡ
¶ʱ᣺˵õܳŴأǰλ۵Ķûаɡ
ô˵˵ţͶء
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ðɣҲûˣһ˫۾ίͰ͵ضĳ˾Ͷˡ
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¶ʱĹĲУʲôʱҲѧװɵء
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ΪԼ޸ղţⲻû̲ס𡣡
ԣµֶʱҲˣ̲ס뻹ô졣
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ӲʵԼܶ˫ת۾ĻŻš
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ԿĵǸŴҧʳָ⣬ʼһľᡣ
Ҫԭһء
ϾոҲûֻ˼˼˶ѡ
ܶܶµɫмֶݣϽǰסˣٽ
״ĵҪһ٣ȸŰɡ
ûҪֵ˼һ
գովͼˣȴСƢˡ
ھⳡ֣֮ͣȻһҴŨ

գйʮֵ飬һּʽȷ
ǵʮ磬ҲգٵֻǱ˿еʮˡ
ּһٹĹˣҲŸ
Ҳһ
ѾҪٸʮ˲õ֣Ҫһӻˡ
Ҫ˵ӵϢ֮һ˭ǿ϶Ҫع칬̫үˡ
̫̲ס룺ԭͶƫҪٶСʮ͸ǰ࿴Ļ˯žģˡ
ϾΪ˳磬ͼĺңǷ˲ٵûоʰ͵£֪Ⱦ컨
ҪٳһС治ðˡ
ط֣ͦСʮġ
Ҳʡˡ


290 
ʽΪ֮ĵһ˸Ҵ
ˣʮһѮһ죬ĸϱӽ˹
뵱ڳ԰ʮ磬Ϣ֮Ҷˡ
ϾǵԤУŮҲǸλˡ
˭뵽ϾȻֱӲԼҹΪλء
ֱ˲š
츸ģǼĺü϶ûô˯á
ÿ߳ȥŵ·Ʈġ
˹˺һʱ䣬ƽ
Ҳʱź֪ķ֣ԼΪЩƮƮȻˡ
رΧһЩ˵ĿкֺãҲϱ
Һÿγǰ϶棬û²յĶ²顣
ⲻϸ¼󣬱㿪ʼ߶߶츸طǣǵطԡ
ֻǺЦľţûиĸ˵츸Ĵ
Ϊ֪ĸЩΪʲôͬС
ĸ˾٣޵ĸԼ츸ǱţԼ֮⣬˵Щ飬ٽһ¸顣
ϾĸҲٲһ㣬ôĲ棬ŮԼĸ飬Щ衣
ĸ˵䣬˯Сˡ
·ԸģźСһι֮󣬱ֱӱ
һߴӰнӹСһһ߶ԱߵϵǰЩӣոʮȡ֣ط
˵꣬תͷԻСһطĸĸк
ʹãʹãǳӦȸʮŶԡϸϽڵ
ʼҵİ磬Ǹ
ңȴҲʮǰô
µĸײˣôţҲĳ
˵Ż˸صϣ
϶ʮò޵ʮ糤ÿ濡ΣСʱ򣬳ǵСʱģ
ԣ¸˵ǰɣҾ˵طмҰɣϷ˵Щĸ׵Ļҿлˡ
һ϶ʱĿɿڴ֪νȥˡ
ԭ˼ǿʮÿģû뵽ԼŮԻ·һ㣬Ȼתȥˡ
ԣ֮ĻҲʮ糤ԼŮǸϽת˻⡣
˵ȥԼ֪Բˡ
˻ûļأԺڴƽŹ˸
΢΢һ㶡
û뵽кû򣬾ʱˡ
Աŵϣ֮󣬾һվ
ϸǴż־ʧ롣
Ͼ֮ǰɲ֪ٹǰŮѽ
״¸ϽڰοϵĸײýţϺء
˻һûˡ
ƣһ֮
ֻƬ̹һʯɫĿŹ
´ǰ
еճΪе˾Ĺˡ
ϵķǿ˲ض𡣡
ŹǺɫǰйϡ
Ǹӡ
ھ¸ǰʱ򣬻¶һֻ˲΢Ц
״¶̲ס뷭ۡ
ô֣ҲǸϴСˣôСӵһ档
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ţҲ
˵ʵһüʥգϲǿ϶Ǽٵģ֮ǰû
ڿ΢Ц˵ҲԼֻʵϣһĺɫ
ʻأʵҲҵһЩ飬ֻҪʵ˵á
ɾҲ顣
ֻһ㽫ҵĵϸ˸š
ʱŷǱߵƽʳѺãӣǲǿ԰ˡ
̧ͷڵϿҪͬ檺ĸһţ
еĲյƬ̺󣬵Ǳһɡ
£ðɣе벻ףǱʲô˼ġ
ƽˣʳһһں
Ҳڹ˵ķ¾֣Ʋߡ
˵ʵȻȫ͵Ĳ񻰣һʳõҲǼȽţָˡ
Ϊһεüʥգ϶ܱһƽš
أϯϼԼŮͻദʱʱʱ¶Ǣο
رǿӽ֮󣬲ԼŮ˵ʲôʲôһ磬˿ûаڹʲôʵۼӵģĲѡ
֮ǰԼŮ˵ϴжöãԼ
ȻʳϳԵЩۿ˻ϵ̬ȣҲеջ
ʳ֮󣬿ںȹһյĲˮ֮󣬱Ǭ幬ȥˡ
أΪϰרŵķ䣬Сһᡣ
ϾΪ˽ϴ첻Ϳʼ׼ټǰţЩˡ

˽ǰȥŵϢȻסϢͨĺɡ
ֻһʱ䣬ɽӵϢ
ЩʱĲҪҪġ
Ǵû˶Դǵˡ
Ӧ˵ǽһ䶼οȥˡ
˱ˣȻӡ
ѵֻⲻɡ
ϧʲô޲
ȴ˵ڰʱֻصҡ
˵˴νԼŮʮ棬ȻǰȥŮĻ֮δĶʱҲоˡ
Ӧ˵Ͳ㴷ˡ
ǸûѽԼôû˺õء
ΪõƷ٣ڿϵһƬ½Ƕûء
Լأ˻ϵ棬Ȼͬһϣһùš
ĶʱԼ̫ˣھȻԼޱȥˡ


ҹ׼ϴ֮ʱѾһ˵Ŀȴٹ
ϴºֻһЦеضڴڿµ޽յıΣܶǲӦúúýһ
¿ǰ֮һҵı飬ʱһͷѡ
Ϊ˹Ҫġ
뵽ǰȷʵ棬ҲǸʵ
ȷʵӦúúùһ
ԣ¶ȻһЦֽڿ鼮ŵͷС֮ϡ
촽ǻҪֽأ
˵ŻڿڴĿУֱ֣סϵϵ
˫ˮӣ۲תżֹ˵ɫ
˾ٶʱÿɫ΢ͷһϲ
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ԣ¶ȻһЦǳ檶ȻԸ
绨Цգ˵ʵ΢΢һ˿õԤС
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˳ӵĺ²֪˿ֱӱţ˫ְ˴ͷϡ
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ܶ΢΢
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ԴˣȴǲЦϲҪļо仰˵úãļԲȶҹϺͳȻеʱ䡣
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ʵر˵ĺ
أȴ˵ľᣬ˵һΣҲΪ
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Ϊͷβûͼһ쳣ϡ
Ǵ˾ȴޱĸոյһжΣϲˣԼ޼ɵ
ʱҲʼ̲ס٩ĳˣ֪϶ԽĽǷأ
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ԣպǲǻٴһ㣬ٷһء
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Ȼ֪С˿Ѿʼĥţ´θκúʰˡ
֪Σֵܵסĳղ
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Ϊ֮һÿһٰĶΪ¡ء
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ҪŻ̫һֺ֮⣬ʱ򣬻ҪμǬ幬ٰһ͢j硣
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⴩ļڶǰգ֪ѩ˶ٱ顣
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ԣԴ֪Լʵر֮Ըͱ˳ŵó裬ӿ̶һҪ̺ö
ⲻΪԼΪС󱦣ҲΪԼԺܹϸ
ڵռĿ꣬ǮǮȻŻǮΪһǮĸţ
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ǵ˻ˡ
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Сأ򱻰ʵʵﱧţڳ£ԼҶˣ
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ҪȻҲһ˷ܵﻳ±һŰƣ˵ؿЦͣ
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Ϊ֮ǰѾȥ϶ǲܹȥģˣҲ϶ǲˣΡ
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ܷСһ۲ѾģĿˡ
ҲֻҸ¶һ˫۾
ţȻƽѩ˴ѩ̡
һʱ䣬ٹǰԺº͹ǵĻЦʱ򣬻ʱʱļС˷ܵĿЦ
ɼڴѩ˵ľԱ߿òֺطСͬѧˡ

ʱմµĿ˸ٹԼԼ
Ǵﴫģһʵ
ŹдżֲȷǴٹǰԺġ
ɸȥƣʲôأô˶ܲס΢΢ü
ŹӦȻվڲԶС̫˻֡
Ӻµڵٹ˷ţֻмľ룬С̫ܿת
С̫ػϣ͹ѩء
û뵽ġ
ֺܿȻǰֵӣȷʵܸɳֲסûص
Ϊ˵ףûء
ϾܺĸɣҪʱע̬͹أοڻǸλء
ڸѩ̵飬ʧͳ
ȥ
˵գŴ󲽣ŷȥ
״ŹϽżǰ˸ϡ
ԽٹţԺڴԽ
ǣĻͦ
ֻ˿ûͣ٣ǵľͽٹš
ôɣսȥû˵մӰڴ¶ԼΣһѩˡ
žѩɲɣպô˿ϡ
ΨһҵľѩûдڿϣǴʯɫϡ
Լܶôӭġ
˵֪ܶҪ͵ŶһͻȻϮ
ΪͻȻٹԺڣһʱ䣬ԺڱܵģЦģѩ׼ģһӶͣ
ͷ·澲ֹһ㡣
ԱߣÿѩСĴһĻŹʱҲˡ
ر˵ԲסҲ֪οԲˡ
ţһصٹˣÿ˶ŵôҳһڡ
Ǹ֣ϴ˸ţڻСĴ򵽻ϡ
ǵΪֱ


291 
ʱҪ˵򶨵ģӵˡ
ֻһ·Сܣ첽͵˿ǰ
ôͻȻҲǰ˴кҲ׼׼Цؿڡ
ûػֻŴһ̧
ĵҪǰ˴кôܿ˲ŵһĻ
˵̬ȣҪɵĻͿʼˣȴΪȻ
ֻһ˫С֣߬ס˿ǻЦϸһ檵С֣ǲرı
Ȼģ·ûע⵽ŵһ㡣
һС֣һ̲ס΢΢üͷ
Сֱ㻶죬˵ʲôã
Ȼ˵ųĻжȴǡ෴
ֻѸ̧һֻ֣һ˫С֣ŵԼ˫м䣬ȵģůС
״һ˫ÿһЦ
ֻֽ֪ϻڹŻ
ɣͱסˣů֣ɼΪû
檾֪ϻ۳檡ͷſЦؿڡ
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Ӧ˵ûκΰ취
ദʱԽûûƤСģǼԽԽˡ
ҪǣԼԼãҲԽԽˡ
ƢԼģҲֻԼˡ
ɫ˹תͷŴʱԺﻹڹĹǿڵˣɣøȥ
ֻĻȻȥˣڵϵƽѩˣȴûԵǰȥ
ˣ»ʲô׵ġ
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Ա߽һĻŹʱͶء
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Ϊ˲ٹǰӵ棬һ֮ſڵȻѾͶɢȥɡ
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֪һҪѲнϣȥʱղ̣Լи׼
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µû뵽ߵĻ㼱ȻԪڶڹ꣬ͳǰȥˡ
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ȻҲſһȥϿһһ棬ɲ˵γë˵ʮֻ´Ͳܸһȥ
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˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôֻҪһ𣬾ֻһ仰һ򵥵ĶסĿ⣬˲õĲٺá
ǰݼڰɡ

ֻһգйڿ󼴽ѲнϵϢں󹬲ֶߡ
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ɸǰȥϾͲһˡ
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͹ڣӵϢصʱҲЩסˡ
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ΪǼѾȥܳһʱ䣬Ӧòˡ
ȻΰݻḴ裬ҲǸ顣
첻Ը˭֪˴ûᣬȻ䵽͹ͷϡ

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ʱʹҲͬߵĴŮ˵ŹԸߵĹ񽻵ҲԸ顣
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˵ҲΪǳǬȷʵҪ㹬档
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˵һģɶʲôʡ͵ĵơ
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293 
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294 
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㣬СӵҲƽ֡


295 
ӹü죬ʮԪ١
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˵ʵСһڻʳ̫ãеֺġ
ټƤְۣ͸ճİͷƵģ̲ס¡
¼Сһ̫Ƥֻýŵϡ
Ȼͬǰ㣬СһϿʼ
˿ˮСٶȣһͲǶʱɵġ
СһıȽ磬߸´ʱ򣬾Ѿһеļ±Ҳ
ܿ죬СһʹӸտʼͬ䶯ڸСƵĿ
̣һҡ
⻹㣬СһʱʱĽϣͬʱѽѽ
Ҳ֪ʲôȤ飬ǵľú档
ʱ泯ߵʱ򣬻ܿȳõС
ģֿɰǰĸ׵ģ˲ڻˡ
˵ʵ¾ףҲס
ΪСһź˶࣬ôģտš
ҪһʮСʱտûԼĿʱ䣬СһǴԼģҲԼ϶ᱻĥı
˵أΪִӤʱڵСӣĺ
ʱǰҹĪķգʱǸкͣвע⣬Сӵͻֲ
ԣչӤһҪĺͰĵ顣
ɼҲǵסʱʱ⡣
طСͬѧ˵¾ԼߵҲĺСˣҲǳֹЩġ
ڵó裬һλҹͻ״ҲùĹƣпţùȥֵҹ̫ҽǳ
ûзʲôΣ
Сһһֻ֮СΧĹӣʵڲֱӡ
СһԴӿʼС;͸ûšˮͷһ㣬ǻˮҴûϹ
Ϲźÿɰ
ѣ±ù˸۴󷽵ΧˮȻŸ
⻹㣬ƽʱﻹҪʱ׼޽ֻҪһˮ̸ҪȻʵаհ
ⲻСһˮˣ¸Ͻǰ÷ֵݹ޽ÿˮ
˵ʵһ飬ʵǹ˸顣
ֻҪԼֳһǲ֣֮Լȥ
˭öģˡ
֮СһһߣŽԱߵѩ￴ţȻ÷ָԼȥԱߵĲ
лҪ֡
˵ϵͷ߹ˣҲûʲô飬ʮǱߣҪڽ˿ӡ½ֵ
ɫصĵ˵ͷūףǴ󸣽´ξпٹūģúÿʮ磬Ҫʲô紵ݶҲġ
Լӵĵģ֪
ںĳ˾ӣûˣȷʵкܴܻӡ
Ǿַˡµ
ߣǲ£ϾǴˣǳɳʱڹ֮˵ǲôŵġ
طǱߣȴò
ΪҪֵĹٹߵĹ֮⣬ҪʱʱĽӴõɡ
϶ʱ̴Сһߡ
ԣֻ֣ܽˡ

ع칬
̫ڵ֪󸣽֮ȷʵЩơ
ֻǼ죬С֮仹űġ
رǹȱ̥ĺ̫ҽ˵䱣̥ɹ
ֻǣҲûʲôð취ˡ
±ǾһµĵȴıøϹɣµⳡı
ֻû뵽󸣽̥ȻӲӹһ١
ҲӦ˵ӹһ٣ϾĽ治˵ֻ
үǲǻվˡ
ǣٺò飬
Ҫǲǣֻ˵һź
Ψһ̫ҵǣֵµλ㿿ףûץסѱ֤ݣܺõժ˳ȥ
ڻ˽µЩ²⣬˵ʵ̫Ӹûϡ
ֻҪûȷ֤ݣָΪûκε
ҲǸģûн³
ҪȻ϶ǲưոݵġ
մº̫Ӿõסִ˵鵽Ϊֹ֮㽫鶪֮Ժ
Ͼ֪أ֪ԼڵҪǶ飬ѧϰ񣬶ǽͽŮ˵ȥ
һΣҲȷʵû취飬ںûȢŲһš
ںѾѲ϶жˡ


299 
գǱߴϢ󸣽һ̥оյıסˡ
ֻ֮ȴҪԴ̥ҪȻΣա
Ѷһ
˽ϲֵȻǿϧ
Ͼ󸣽һ̥ҪûˣԻԻʳִ֣ʱ򻹲֪Ҫôء
ԶڽϵĴ󰢸磬϶Ҳưոݡ
˵пܸع칬һλֱӶϡ
ڿǿϧһϷ

£ٹԺڿˡ
۰̺죬ɴأ׺֦ͷ˵Ľ޶ˡ
ʱ΢һл£ɷǺÿıһ
ԣÿձһ飬طںĻˣ
ΪˣùΡ
Ͼ֮࣬һǼƢĵȻƷǴʱĺǲ
һգ찲ٹѯйڴ顣
ֺ꣬ߣׯӡ
࣬찲ֹһ֮⣬ȥʱרƸ¡
ȻˣҲһճҲ֮߳ࡣ
ΪΪٹλطĳֵµĹ˸ű࣬ʱʹȥǮһʺܴ֧
Ҫ˵ɼϵȵȣĶҪǮ֧š
Ҫó裬ʱʹǮͶ˵ʵֻǮۡ
ϾҵױĲִܴš
ҲԣҲûִţЩȴǱҪ֧ģʡˡ
ԣҪǲʹ׬ǮĻ϶ǲеġ
Ѿʼţ֮ǮĻȲأӷԼ⣬ȥշҲǺõġ
ͬ찲ô֮ºֽӵ飬һи
Ϊż찲ңλһҪá
찲ȻӦ¡
˵ʵóԴ½λ֮찲񸮵ĵλǽڽߡ
ټףȻҲ١
һ찲Խġ
ֻҪ飬һۿۣǾ־
ҲȻλֵв֮Ҳһֱ찲ΣҪ飬ǽȥԭ
ʱܿѮ󸣽һ𽥵ǵߣ֮ľǿѲ֮¡
ӵʥȷйϢҲʼæµ
еæŲü£еææҹϵ·
ٽٽҲֻϣѲڽӼʱ࿴һۣ߱ǰһ죬ûϼһˡ
ֻǼƻϲϱ仯յഺֱ꣬һж·ϡ
һռȶʱ䣬϶ǻزˡ
Ӧ˵ûаԼʱٽһգȻҲ·϶ȹġ
ڽϣʮһ磬˾
ʹټһʱǰӭݡ
ǵģ̫̫ȥ󣬴㲻סˣҲͱ˺䳡
˴ӭݣҲ
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ȵ˴֮ոƮСꡣ
ӭֹɵʱͬⳡĴһ㣬͸ˡ
رſٳûڳԽ
ٽھѾˣҪǴ˴ӭټʥգһλ֪ʲôʱء
ʱΪ֮׵Ļ㿪λߵĻʹʹ˵ǰȥʣүеˣҲùλһֱɵż֪ʹΣ
һеȴɣΪͬĵ˵ͷ
ϾڴӭݵĲֹЩˣеɴ˻ӻŮǰ
ͱʹ˲ʮһ
ԣҲŸ͵ѽʹȥǰһƣүסˣɹˣôҲûӰӣ
ҲãǰȥһʡʹҲ֪ɵżȻûвӦĵ
˵գԸ˹ǰȥϢ
ֻǴϢ˻ûǰκʹſ˴
»ʱ¹ûʹȻȥȹп֮Ǭ幬ٰͬ֡
ˣڳȷʵмʧ
뵽պǬ幬ٰ磬ܵüʥգ΢΢һЩ
ڹûԭκҲ˵ˣүãһ·۳Ͷٵģʵֱ̫࣬ӷȻعȥˡ
˲˲Ҳ鷢
´ӴʱѾδʱ࣬Ҳӡ
С˳;ȥߣһûбܵ
ֻһȦȴûмϵ棬øһͬǰȥѩ֮ңپмź
ϾǾԼӣѾδϣ϶Ľ
㵱ɵ棬̫עһ棬˵仰ҲǺõġ
˭룬ȴϼˡ
ȻȷʵЩûҲʲô
ɶһɣҲĹˡ

գͣˣҴģǸ졣
磬ٹԺǴһ˵ůڡ
龰±طСͬѧںĻˣ
˺ôһ¶ðĴ˯
ѵԼϾʱ⣬Ϊ˲ⴺմʱ⣬£ѩһϺõıݴ֮ȥ鷿Ļ
Ự찲ӷŪģĹº˼
֮ǰʱѾһ飬ֻǿֲ̫ڣϸڴȴûôúж
һ£ȻøϸһЩ
һһƷһ߶ĻҲһʡ
ԣ̤ٹţԶԶӳıǼ˰ϣһִ飬һ
̬ɢţȴԴһ˵ζ˲֮γһʤյʫ黭⡣
ʱһ΢紵۵ĺĻ׷£ʱ֮ˣֻ롣
ʱһͣű١
˼ҹ˶ǰ龰ּȵȻԶ
ֻǿӸλѾϰߣټȣȴǲԡ
֮ų̫˰֣ŵʱר־˶
̧֮ţԺȥ˵źĻڿȥ
ϸŲ֮ǰࡣ
ֻǻδߵǰĵµע⣬ӦԱѩע⡣
ѩС£º֪ܿ˿ĵ
ֻ飬ѸȻǰ
龰ȴѾĸǰһ߶Ȼǣ֣һڵܶ˶񡣡
˵䣬ǣصղŵϡ
ú󣬲ȸɣǶԲԶŹŹ°ɣԻẰ㡣
Źʲô׵ģүδ˶ء
ŹӦȻϽΧڴ˴ļ˻˻֡
ֻƬ̹򣬲ǰźµĹˣǿǰˣ˸ɾһġ
龰¶ʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
ر˵һ䣬һͰȫ֧ĿĲҪԣ
ȴԼľٶʲôףֻЦ⣬ϸϸһǰĲãŵ㵹ͦܣޣ۳Ͷ٣ۣһҲУӹģ޶ҪĽˡ
ԣһָ˱һЦڣƻ˵ã͸檲һҲطȥ˯ŵһУͺһ㣬ÿմ񣬿ϰ֣һղæĽŲմء
СչУ϶ҲϾˡ


300 
δΪȻżߵİݺ
˵Ҳ˿ֿһЩЦǣܶˣܶࡢڿ졣
⻹ࡣֵĿһۡ
ˣ̲סЦˡ
ҲԼ˵вףϾδײܽ˵ˡ
ټûദڽΣԼǸʲô̬ȣδ֪
ԣ»һתҲ֪ࡣҪ檸磬Ҳɿɿ죿
̬ת֮죬ÿЩЦá
ԭܾģ˭֪һڣȴֱһá֡
ոտ϶ưˡ
ĻشȴǸˡ
֮Լֻ֣׼ĥ
ںڻü
ȴڵĻ᣺ǻתų檡
Ȼһʱδ˲Լ˵ļƣǻá
οɱ˳ʵˣѾʼ˱Ķ
״Ҳĥ䣬Ѹٿʼ֡
ˣһ߸żͷһߵѯĸܣϸоΣ檵־زأ
áżͷˬڵ
ȴǣƽｿϸģ־ʵͦġ
־ҪˣˣϿһҪ֨һ°ղȡ
㻹Ҹް
ʮָͷĸо졣
ڣӲˡ
ԣǱ˫ΪԼרŵķ
˵ºѵõĶʱ⡣
ܶһ֮һ
ţһ߼ţһ߿ڻӦ
ûкޣÿγԶţÿζʵһ仰
Ҳᣬÿλִ˲ƣһ顣
·ֻܸܵͬԼһһ㡣
ϳȥôã檵Ȼϡ
һ䣬ڱ۵Ŀ̲סǡ
Ȼһ֪𰸣̲סԼ˵һ顣
Ƭ̺󣬿ſڣˣ޸оˡ
֮תǣһ˫֣Ȼ֮ŵԼģš
ڵܶ᲻ᣬ޸ࣿ
ҲǶոֵһֹġ
µͷһۣʱĴֻСֺ֣ĸо
ãⲻڹ᲻ᣬڳûͣ
û֤ݣô죿
ȴΪԼΪ
˵ڲ࣬»ݵǲɵӡ
ԣۼ˵ͰͲססĳֱۣӽ˶뻳С
ԼһЩ
ˣԼԴżֲִڵգǻ۵գĦš
һ߹ɵſУһ߸Щӿ
ͬʱҪϴǹŨҵİԵ
ֱ˳񫡣
˵ʵҪǹ˼ԺɣпܻὫԼ͵
־ûǰᶨ
οǰ֮˻ò˼ҹ˶
Կ󵽵ûеסͷļ¶΢֮̽󣬱ԥĵͷȥ
һǱϰգɫ糺죬ҲЩϢȡ
Ҫ˿檿ûˡڻе˶̲סСԹ
ȴԹ
෴ǶΪϲ
İοģǲҡ
ҪǹûУҲڹﵱˣֱӻؼȥɡ
˵ǻŹæ
Ϲ߻ƭ檡СֹʲôҵģҪǳ檣檾͸ҡ
ԣ˵㲻ǣҲΪǡ
Ϊӣʵǡ
⻰˵ֻһ롣
ԣЦŵ٩ܶǲΪ޳ӢŻ̲ס͵ģܶ᲻ѳֲס
һ˼ʱϸˣ˵ʲôأҪˡ
ţСȭͷ˵Ŀڡ
Ȼڹ˵ַɻ䣬ɴ˾ڿȴǻŵ
رǴϵһһµСȭͷļϡ
ܰԵۣһӽʱδ˼֮ࡣ
üۼزסЦѵ޲Ӣ䲻ܶǷǣ˵ֱܶ˵ޡ
ϻ˵ϻ˵˶ѾߵĻ
㿴ֻͨ󣬶ܲµ̺ж
Ҳ̲סĳȡ
ο˴⾳ĺĻ¡
ðɣѳֲסһ
ܶڰѳֲסԼô죿ߵ
ﲻʡ¸ϽСֹ
Ҳ룬϶⣬Ҳʱ䡣
ǻʵۣ޼ɵС
Ҫء
ãǻȥ˼
ʵĽ
£
˼
󵽵ûпھܾ
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Сʤ»飬οⲻС𣬶Ǵء
ԡңºýˮҪȻ¾Ƕˡ
ڶΪúǺЦ
أȴҲ
οϲĲˡ
ϲĹ

磬߿֮󣬱ѩʰԼǲֹĶױһǰ鹬
ǵģҪȥĹ黹ȥ
ʵѩ˵ԼӸûбҪżȥϾǣڲҲû
ȴ롣
绹ҲǻҲǻǻء
οǵ㹬񣬱ЩߣûҪ߬Ų֣ӡء
鹬ڣ߹˵ݼʱ򣬻һ
֪ǰĿʲô˵˵˵ʲô
˸Ͻ˽
½Ȱظڱ󣬱ؾصá
˺ʱ·ֹɫȴǺܺá
ǵãߵʱ˵ݹɣɫ
û뵽⻹أ֮һȦ˵ɫҲ˲١
龰²ò̾һ䣬ڹŴУȻǼȺֺľ顣
ռĿоǰ˲١
˾źŶ㣬֪ԱǺˡ
ӼᶨպܲԶţþͲԶŵľġ
˵һ׻֮±㽫Լ˵ˡ
ȴԵ΢ЩԾ
ôҲû뵽ǹġ
ΪУпſ谮ռŹ񲻷ֵˡ
˭뵽Ľȴ˳
Ȼع񣬲Ѿ˼ֻأ϶ȴȥˡ
ҲԼһԿһ£ٺˣʱҪ²̨ˡ
ԣûƴǣʹʹߵĴŮ˹
֮˵ϵЦݣҲ¸սʱԵ˼֡
ͳƺҲʼóö̵ġ
״ҲίߵͬӦš
ʱȴڹĲԶע⵽һӰ


301 
°˼⣺ߵĸŮ㶼ʶҲЩ졣
ʱվڹԶŮӣȴǹߴŮκһ
ŮͣҲʮ꣬ϴҲǹŮĹװ
˵ʵ»ע⵽ΪȻһɫصװȴҲɫ
һͬ˵ŻһڰϸϸһŮӵĳࡣ
ȴôҲûкʱôһ
һĻȻ֮
ֻЦؿڵԣոֻŸ˵ô˶Ǹýһ
˵Żֶ̧಻ԶŮ֣ÿݼһ
״Ůһ֮ǰĳĬȻƣڵķӯӯϣ򸣽𰲣
Ůһ˵Ŵ
ʯ䣬¶ҲЩعζˡ
ȻѾڶ½͵֪үѲʱģͶԵع֮ұ鹬պҲи飬һ˵˵
°Ȼˡ
˵֮ǰѾ׼Ҳû뵽ĵȻһߡ
ȻѲʱˡ
һｫ²˸ѪͷһȴϲԣͬίţԭˣֲЩءոһ룬ʲôʱȻ㾪ޱ־˶ȴʶԭá
˵˴΢΢˶٣˵ûǰһͦԼòģһվҵȱȥˡ
Ŀڡ
Ҳû˵ٻȷʵ಻ס
껪ҶüӣС죬˵һò
ټԴһɽŮӵԼˣˮ
էһ̲סǰһ
ƫhϽڵޣＰòǲĹɫ㣬ء˵ҲЦ檴С룬٣δòﳤø־ء
Ů峺棬͸һϡ
£ãλ˲಻ףСҲأɱ˵ˡ
ݼأǲ
Ҫ󹬣ˡ
¸Ͻ˰֣ܱȣܱȣ֮žԼȻˡ
״ЦʱڵλÿɲҪǰ໥ԿˣҪˣǱģǸܿˡ
һʱ䣬һ̫ƽͣڵľ
ֻǸ˼ΣֻԼ塣

´һߣƫhոҲۼˣǺóӣ˵һ˶ҲΪڿүһƬ½Ƕţοˡ
ں㣬ҪıҪƤӵ£үע⵽㡣
ƫhԴżֲŵôãмò֮⣬ʵڲǸļ֮
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һждϲ˵Ǹͻݴȵ
˵ƫhȻòȷʵ˾ޣԼòҲ൱ŵġ
ûڻشĻǶǰĲյһڲˮ
˹֮ˡ뵱ҲֻǸСӦ˭İ
ɾһòûм֮ˣȴȺ⵹ɡһٳ費˥үΪ˴лʧˡеΪһͬмƵĹŮ˵
뵱̫̫֮ģҲûʹүӲںվ˽Ÿ̫̫ް֮󣬵ʮ磬үϧ֮֮ͽΪλ
󹬣ǰɶҪâء˵ƾЩһûļ֮𡣡
ԣƫhһ⡭ү˳ԡ
˵ʵҪ⻰ǹ׿ڶ˵е㲻š
ո֮ǰ֮ģȥ˴롣
΢΢˵ͷҲ޵ķʸ֮ˣЩں󹬶ĿõģҲûҪ˵ѣûбҪƭ㣬ڿ֪Լ֮Եһľ˰ɡ
ƫhʱЩĻŻš
˵ʵû֮ǰͦŵġ
ƾԼòʹӦںдһ·ռһϯ֮š
ھһ˵ƫhûˡ
˳谮ɼмġ
ﻹģܴﻢڶʳ
ˡ㵽ΪֹøոһӦѾƫhԼ԰֮ġ
Ͼ˵ܲǰλ֮ߡ
㰲οƫhҲҪ̫£ǻбԺշվ˵ɣȥ֮Ҳúãڷˣ°ɡ
ǡ
ƫhҲֻЪ˼Ź˸Ȼת˳
ƫhһߣ̧üģߵٵԸλǸõģŲ˾ţ֮ӽϴ
״ǰһСȭͷᴷŹļ米ⷦһ߿ڿοӿıǣūһ·ţλò⣬Ǹ֮ˣӦΪӷǡ
Ը˰ɡ˵
ԸķĽعΪ
ҪȻŲ˷ķء
˶ѾˣҲֻôˡȻǰװϹһĺơ
˭֪߻䣬й˽˵ǰȥٹ֮¡
󣬱ٷɧոǳסֵҫ飬Ȼڱǰ¶ֺҪˣβˣСҺñղû˵Щ˵ĻҲҪȻҪЦˡ
ǰūҲû뵽ءٸ̾үղŻأػδأû뵽ձеȥٹɼ뿪ʱûүλڻˡ
üֲ֮ǵһ㣬ϰ˾ͺá
˵ʵҪǸǰ϶˵ûĻ
ʱͬգԼѾϰ߳Ȼˣµ顣
ȻĽһ˽֮УȻദɣ϶ڹʱҪöࡣ
һȥģӺݡԽϵĵùȼ˲е˼
ʼԼҲһó衣
ɹҲ֪ƾԼòǲסģڼƫh֮ԼС˼
ʱֿڷԸѰʵĻᣬ˽Ϣ͸©֪ܼĺʤ֮ģ𡣡
ūסӦ


302 
ȴ˵ƫhصԼס
빬󣬹ָסֻһɾסǿĽ
˵ƾûλݣס֮õĹס˽
ƫh˵ԭûλ֮ǰסĵط
ɼ֮
ոչһϯȴҲƫhѹʼԼܲʤι
ʱƫhߵĹ˵һյ
ڿοﲻǣū˵ƾòڹҲеģǸղλҲضá
ū澿ɶ˵ˣѾʮ࣬ٵó裬ϲܵó輸ءɹﲻһǶ껪ֻϣѾʤһء
˵֮ݺźƫhˣǰѾߡ
ƫh빬ùͬ󣬱һ˴˽
ԣݺοĻˣƫhȻȥһ㡣
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ݺﲻõģֻܾȴáﲻҲ˵ģйڣûע⵽׾ٵ顣
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˵Ҳԡƫhɫ΢΢ÿһЩ
˵ʵֻҪûע⵽ţû϶ºõӡ
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Ҫ˵ıԼҹֻҪ±á

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˵ʵҲ֪ԼǺ顣
ʧ𣬲˵ǿ϶ʧġ
رǿʱٹǵϲ֮飬ڼӽϴ֮󣬱ʧӰ١
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벻ף벻ס
̲ס룬ѵὫϺ˴عǿλֺͲҵϣŻġ
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οѾǵߵ⣬Ǿ͸ˡ
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ˣ˶ѾˣЩеûҲûãһл˳Ȼĺá
һûйٹ±Ъ¡
Ȼɣ˯š
º˼˺ܶ࣬Լʧ֮󣬸ô졣ſٹԺľ̬ȣԼԺں󹬵
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ԣλݸߵĺôˡ
ֲúɶλأڲ֮ܳ󣬲۸Ҳܹ档


303 
գ˼룬˯ñȽԭе١
ʹ˴»˵̫ٹǱ߾м磬ʱ򣬻Ҳϯѩһ߸ͷһ顣
ʱ𣿡ʡ
ˣ˵ʱҲһ˳Ǭֱӹȥٹɡ
΢΢˵ͷʾѾ֪
ȻԸȻ֮ңѳϯҪװ׼
˵˴΢΢˶٣ŵ֮ǰõǼǳɫװͲҲûϹʹȥμӼɣΣ嵭С
ū澼ˡѩӦ
ۼԼ𴲺󣬲ɫ飬һЩѩĲ١
Ҳ÷˵ĻЩȷʵôȰ˵ãҪԼ뿪˲С
ϴױϣ¿ʼš
ΪķԸŷ񸣣ʳȽ嵭
ȷʵûʲôθڣֻ΢˼һЩ
֮Źù밲
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Щ徻徻
ټŹߵĹԼܵϣûʲô鷢
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طСԴ´԰֮ϲ飬ǵͤ͸ͤ߿ιˡ
ԵһطСһͿʼĻ˷ܼĲС
Ҫ˱ţ»ȥֱ׽㡣
԰ѽ磬ùź󣬱§Сһ˯
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ԣŻͬȴһ뿴ܽһֱʢ費˥ֱ
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οһҶҲöá
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˽˵Ҳһ¡
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304 
ʱ࣬ʽͻ̫ϯ
߱ԼλݸߵĻʹ͹֮󣬱ͬһԼĽʼߡ
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ǰ˵ҵԡԡŹ̡
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ΨһľڵеЩ

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ūƹˣгԵõģһЩǽǱʱ˵޳кΡ
ӿɱū澵ʱûΪʱ򣬻ϾרŽ˵ôӰЪʹͣ˵˯ū澱ŵûӡ
ѩҲ֪˽ЩԭΪԼӡ
οֲɵʱѣЩԵĺۼȷʵ۵úˡ
ڼȻԼӣȻΥϵ˼
ѩ⻹Ǻأɼ϶Լмֿصġ
ҪȻΪĵֻеæﻹעЩС顣
ԣѩ˻ء
һѩ߶߶пԼӣµ飬ȷʵ泩һЩ
ֻãҲɰɡ
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ȷʵѩ˵ǰ㣬٣Եѩۺȣõ͸ˣκ·ĳȻٲˣպǱһЩõƷ
طСߣҲкܶ࣬żż³ɰЩ
治٣һżطСͬѧҼҵϷˡ
У»ЩӦòǴӽϴģǿֱӴӹ촦ǱŪġ
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ƹ֮󣬱ѩŹ˿ʼ࣬ЩһʱòĶ⣬¾ͳԵֱȥŷ
Ȼھˡ
Щߣ˰ȥطס
ٳһ㣬ͿԼˡ
ϣسŵٹطСһһһЪ


305 
ӽϹûգһȥٹΣģٴνʵʵʵĵλ
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Ϊˣ˵ȥ鹬֮㣬רùϽйһۡ
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ϱˡ
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˾ͶȲӦɡûţʽ̬
һڴһ
ֻȻһЦڲԶƫhãϿߵлʥպɾǴӦˡ
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һŵһģҲ䵽ʵ
պ˴Ӧλݣ˳ĵˡ
ƫhûоôӦλݵͣʱҲ˽һЩ󹬵ƶȡ
ļӦλݾѾܲˡ
˵ˣҲǴӴӦλһġ
ڵĵ뵱ΪŮλݣǴĩȵĹŮء
ԣԼŵһӦλݣƫh֪ͦġ
Ψһ˲ˬģʲôϣֳɵļһˡ
Ҳ֪Ҳû취顣
һ뵽ԼѾڿǰ¶ȴûУƫhмֵ
οѾΪӦһ£Զ
˿̣ڿߵŹҲһζˡ
үţԵ֮ⲻھ
ղҲˣλ½Ӧòȷʵס
Ҫǰүϲһ
ֻ˿֮ദͲ˵ˡ
λǸ̳ӡ
ȻӦ鷳үɾͲ˵ˡ
Ź֪λӿǴĺء
үҪӦҲ֪᲻үڡ
Ͼ裬кþء
ԣλӦܻܲ裬Źδ֪
Ȼ֪ŹϷôֻ࣬һС顣
ö빬ϺλڹȰ˵£ʳЩʳ
֮أû鹬ֱӻǬ幬
ϾһˣѾ
ɣùЩʧ
˵ʵ֮ǰУǻſһϡ
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û뵽ȴʧ
뵽ҲʲôջûУһıôǰ¶õһӦλݣù΢΢һЩ


306 
͹
ǰԺ£վǰһĵιʳһֻһ߾Ŵ̫ϲ顣
ֻɫޣǱ߸սģϡţʱԶιʳ
˵үֻǴӦλݣûˣȻϢŻɵ̬ȡ
ϲϽػӣȷʵֻϺϴӦλݣүڹǱƺ󣬸鹬Ƭֱ̣ӻǬ幬
ֶΣһĲЦ
˿ҲûԭģΪֶβֹһΣɴδЧһ㡣
ͱ統ͨˡ
˭˵ءϲ͵
ҪԼӵֶΣ϶ү˵ˡ
ϧԴǼүԼӣ͹߶ˡ
Ҳֱȥ񣬶Ǳġ
λӦòǸĸպ˵ϡ
˵˴תԵĴŮ֥Ը֥ȥȡӣȥⷿüƥУӦĴӦȥ˵ǱϲǲӦĺ񡣡
ūȥ֥Ӧ
һ䣺ȥҲǱǵӡ
һǺܸλ½ĴӦˡ
ǡ
֥뿪󣬵תϲλӦߣǵˣ
ϲҡҡͷ
һλ빬ˣ޶ûУϲȻҪȥעһСӦ
˿ĽӵϢΪǷڹǱߵԭ
ԣƬ̣鹬ߣܲܶӴӴλӦںһЩҪϢҲԴλӦ֪һЩ
˵˴΢̲ס¶һЦӦ˵Ҳһ¡
Ҫ뿴λӦܲǰ㣬˶һǽǡ
ԴˣǺڴġ
ˣǰʱ䱾˲Ǵ˵ҪԶԱ˵𣬿ɰźˡ
ϲӷģ˴Żȥˣع̫ãӵ˱빬
΢΢˵ͷ
˵ʵǺڴ˿˵飬Ǻµġ
ϾҪ׿ڸɼµҪԡ

ϢסټϹûҴţڿλΪӦûãϢܿڹﴫˡ
¸սӵϢʱ򣬻Щ죬ȥôˣôȻϺˡ
ȵƽϢ֪ԭһжǹı
룬־ȫ͵ͨ
Ͼӽϴ˻϶ġ
οһò
϶ѡֲһ
ʱȣټϿı֣ڲλΪӦûտʼʱǰˡ
һƽĶԴˡ
Ӵ⹬ϽӵϢȴµġ
ϵĲ⣬Լô֪
ȵһϢ֪Ǹմ鹬ӦĹ⡣
Ӧֻ˳Ķѡ
ҲѾ㹻ĴӦˡ
ȻϢɸǵſٹЦ
ϾӦĴӦλݶˣ˾޻Զ
˵òϼˣ̵ס
ԣ˿ӦĴӦҲֻ顣
Ҳǽ죬Ҳ죬ҲǺѡ
˭ҲûϵһЩȥǬ幬Ǳȴٳûκζֱһ˵ϡ
ûӦûĴӦһĻʱʱѡȥ繫ǡ
ȻأĳЩʱҹٹ
˶ʱˣôչĺĲһء
˵ʵԼе벻׿ôˡ
ϾӦ൱治˵ǾΪ˰ɣһȷʵЩôܱ֮ȵġ
̲סɣѵԼ̫λӦò
Ͻʹҡҡͷòܣ϶ܡ
ԼмＸǺģܽԵ
ҪԼ֪Լ£ԼΪǸ˹ˡ
Իѽ
ѵԽʱ򣬲֪иıʣԼӵϵı¡
¸Ͻ˦˦ͷΣյ뷨ԼԴ޳ȥ
룬룬Լ졣
һҹ˾ҹһҲΪվѡ黹ʱһûסֱӿʵϣ檿ۼӦòģҲ˴Ӧôûأ
һƤЦЦس˲ֵĳһۡ
Ȼ΢ôܶ𣿡
¶ʱԼһӡ
ĺĺĺĺ
ɻԼͺˣôԴһֱʳء
ǲɵѽ
Ҳ֪Լʱ᷸ɵʱ϶ܷɵѽ쳣Ȼ϶Լѽֲɵ϶ֻڳһ˵ġ
ţֹһ䣬Ȼǲܵ顣
˵˴¸ϽһֺģСⲻɻɻ󣬻϶
Դһʹʳˡ
ҪԸ붪һۡ
ȷʵԴʹŻʱ򣬸⡣
Ҳ֪ʲôӣҲԸ⻤ų
ҪȻӣ治ʺɱ˲Ѫĺ
ҲͰˣе
ôϲôһء
е㿪ʼʮ磬᲻ﲻˡ
ȴ˫һԵ޹ҪϾ͵ûʹ⣬òã
˵ˡ
ǲӣ̲ס붺
ܶ˵һ˵ΪʲôûλӦء
ԣҡҡСԴһΪ벻ʻϵѽôء
˵һתüɫϲϲӦ檵ǺϲӦĽˡ
ϧ檲ǻʵۣҪǻʵ۵Ļ϶ѡҹҹϸ裬ϥоʫд𣬡ո𣬴Ӵ˾糯ξͶŹء
˵꣬¶һϧϧСģ·Ҫǻʵ۵ĻͻرϧЩһ㡣
״ûô˵ġҪǻʵִۡ治Ļ
ϾʲôӣദôˣǺ˽ġ
ǣһСģǺ˵һ䣺㣬ҹҹϸ裬Ӵ˾糯ôˡ
Ҫʵۣǲӣǿ϶Ҳ֮
˵£ʱʱ۲תüۣȴ̲סȻĶ
Цŵ٩ܶҪ˻ʵۣǿ϶ҲǸһǸԾɫĻ
˻²ΪܣΪٵĵСԴȻһЦҲôΪ𣬳ҲӦûǿһһ˽ǰ檾̲סϲǿϧ˳Ů
˵Ůˣ̲סϲЩˣҪ˵Ļ϶ϲ
Ҫ˵϶һ컻һġ
һ˵˵Сģʱûۿ
ô֪ԼܶȻ˵Ĳŵ


307 
ЦôˣܶͲԼܲס
£о仰˵úĵҲ檿϶˶ġ
һɫʱеˡ
ԭ֪Ȼϲϲز
ĵҲôֱˣ
ܶĵ֮ǰǲҪȽ޷̺أ
¶ʱȻãǲ䱩¶ʲô
һһСİˡ
ˣղ˵ɶţ˵Լϲˡ
ѽϱ檸ոնǺ˵檾ϲһˡ¸Ͻȵ
״˵޿һ㲻˵
޿ϲˣϲĶޡ
𡣡ü΢䣬һĨ˵Цֻܶϲһˡ
ءʹ˵СԴֻϲһˡ
Ͼʳĸ˭᲻ϲԼʳĸء
ôе㲻ܶ˵Ļܶղ˵ϲءϹżԵĲŵ
ᡣ
һʲôаʯͷԼĽš
ղһʱˣô͇Nɪİﻰ˵ء
ϣ檸ոԴһ飬˵ģֻлϡʹдĹ檰ɣ檱֤պһҲ˵˵ˣϡ
ֽһϡֻųβ
һ˫ϸ۵Сָûţֱȥ߬ס˵ֱۣȻŽҡ
˲ֱðӡһֻ֧ͷ­Ŀʱ˰ӡ
˵ãã㲻ø
޾ϲ˵˵ϲʱʱԴˡ
ҪȻȥôõɣͷĳ˶ء
ԣպһҪ෸ִ󣬲зӵأǲǣ
Ǻã޾ܶһΣֻܶҲӦúúó֤һ£Ǳʾһ£Լֻһˣֻ˵˵Բԣ
˵Ż̧֣ʳָָһɢ㷢ȻԼ쳣ָȦ
̬ɢ⣬·ڵȴıʾж
£
ǳҪˣ⻰˵¶һ
ˣå
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ôñء
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֮һЩ
һ
ȴ̹Ȼ΢˵ͷȻյĶߣ͵͵ȻܶޣҲͲˡ
º˵ʲôѽ
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΢΢һ
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ΪһĻںܾ֮ǰݹֻһνҧû⣬˵û
ȥˡ
˭֪תתôתء
ѵ˵ϲûġ
Ҫ˵Ļɾ벻ˣͼʲôѽͼֽеĺ
е벻׿Ի·
Ҳ֪һٶĵÿƶĻ飬һΣɾͲ׵Ķȥˡ
οһ޵ġ
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룬Ҫʹһأ⡣
ţҲǲС
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ţֵˡ
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ֻü䣬ֱֱ·ҪٻӰӡ
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Ҳݲܾ˾Ѿݲ˵ɷ羰
˵ˣҲٽһˡ
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࣬ͬһεĳһ˿ᶨ
ڣƻʣеǰ֮˼ɫ
İ񣬸Ƿ·𿴲һ㣬
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ģм߾
˵ʵемܲסˣ˵ԵܲøΪ
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ԣ¶ʱˡ
β꣬ҪԺ
ҡһţ檶˳ƺ
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µɴ˫ۣҲ
뵽󵽵ҪҪ֣˵㣬˵㣬㰲Ĳ١
ǣڽĻУܿͱžžˡ
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º¾Լ϶Ǳ¹ˣŻ˸ҵĽһλ֮֡
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رʶʱպǣħһ㣬ôҲ
һҹ·˻ŵ

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һ㶼ĺ顣
ǰתͷһ࣬˯е˶
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磬̲סʳָ˹Сɵǡ
㣬Ҳûתļ
ֻڲ֮󣬡źߡһӣ֮ת˯ȥˡ
龰̲סݸһЦ
˵ʵߣ˯֮ˣҲǵһˡ
תƿ齡
Ϊ˲ĳˣÿһ¶ţŪ춯
״ŹϽźĹ˷ֽϵĶ
ȴ˰֡
Źһʱ䲻ԣ֮׿˼ǲϴ£ȥڵĴμ䡣
ŹɺүԽˡ
Ȳ˵ÿٹҹ峿һֻ˵´˯үÿϴ£졣
ֻһݴǱǺͷĶһݡ
ɴ˱֪үǷļϵġ
ҪȻҲΪ롣
Ͼϲͷ£źܴġ
֮ŹƾĹ۲˽үЩĲͬ
Ϊ˵أΪãԼү飬һĺá
֮ڳ飬ӼᶨĲ²⡣
Ϊ飬ҪǸǰ϶һΣȴֻѵ˹Ա䡣
Ź̲סʼ²⣬ѵү֮䷢ʲô֪顣
ǺǰҲûѽֵȽѡ
һ㲻Ź¾ģպٿٷһЩ
ϾλԽó費˵һ˿ͷ
ǰĺ󹬣Ǵûй顣
뵽ǰĶ
Ҳ̫̫ĵģûеġ
λް֮ԼүԽû˹˼ɣڶԴλϣǲٿκ˵ɫ
ǰεĵΪһмƵСŮʧ衣
ʲôܵ鷢ء


308 
鹬
ƫhҲڵӦԽӵٹϢ֮󣬾ʹ㶵ױ̨ǰСʱ
ؿžеԼŻžױݵ
벻ס
һĿŮݺ
ݺȰ˵Լ뿪Щȴֲ֪Ȱ
ϾЩһĻѾֹ˵һˡ
ڣӦ˶
̧Լ֣Լա
ֻһĦգһ૿ڣݺ˵ҳòΪʲôϾƫƫң
˵ǰˣÿֻΪûע⵽ò
һţѾע⵽ˡ
ɽأȴֻǲ˴Ӧ
֮󣬱ֱûġ
ԱӦǬ幬Ǳߴ޵ּ⡣
ɵȥȵȴǿһδȥٹ
İ
˵ʵԼλϡ
ǣ˵Ĵˡ
û޹һζûй
֪ں󹬿϶вɣڿ͹Ц
˵ѾڱЦ͹ˡ
ӡݺ
ӲҪģū˵ܵó裬ҲȫڵʱóУλĻᡣ
֮ǰںʣһζû޹
ʵڲУʵڲУǾȣţڻᣬٵ꣬ʱҲ˫ʮ껪ء
˵˴ݺ૵ҲҲõôҲ˵õĻֻҪȵٴУʱӵĻᣬ𡣡
һͨԭ˫ӦʱһĨ⡣
ͻȻת·ץסһþһ㣬˵ץסݺ˫֡
˵ĿģûóǰҲʣ
ݺʹĵ˵ͷ϶ģЩū˵ġ
Ҳ֪Ѿ鹬ˣ鹬סĵط˵飬϶ٲˡ
ū澻˵ǰûóǰǱԺǸԬӦ۸أ˵ͷˡ
˻ӦֹסĸˣҪ˵Ļܹ飬Ҳһܵȵ𡣡
˵ĶԣһᣬܵȣͲһˡ
ЩӦʰġ
˵˴΢΢üͷܵȣǲ֪ܲܵȣԸԸȡ
ҲˣգϳٳûޣѾûģҸǰе㲻һˡ
˵ţӦЩ
һֱһûüֵӣǲᱻӵġ
ͱƾŴӦλݣԼһ˶ռΪá
һûãΪһʱӡ
ɲѾĻĳԡ
ݺҲ躦¡ū澹۲ˣ鹬ͨˣ֮˲ࡣͨ͹޵䣬صˣֻһū澿󻰣ֻҪﲻˣͲܷӡ
ֻܷıǡˣպӵóˣٺúñһ֪֮ˡ
ԣӦҲݺ˵м
ȷʵ޷ֻҪó裬ȻͲһˡ
˵öԡӦ

գȻ֣ٹܵĺЩ̫ˡ
֮ǰʱ򣬿ȥٹҲǲڿ죬һȣȴһЩĶԱȡ
ܸоȥٹڿЩˡ
˼ֱ֪˵ʲôá
ʵҲˡ
˵ʵҲ뿵
ʵͦϲ֮ǰֲԶദģʽġ
㣬Աߵʱλͦ
ֻҪ˵ദʱ̲סǡ
˵ʵĲ뺰úͦԵϰϵΡ
ٲãүҲɰ
ΨǣܲӦҲʷ϶Ŀ۵ĸо
ʱĥûƢˣҲֻܽеͶԸô
ԣҲôõģ̾š
ֻϣԼܾӦ³ƺ

͹
֮ϣר־Ů֥СŮڲࡣ
ʱһŮߵߣӣŷ˵ˣء
ԣеһ˵˽
ǡ
ȥֻƬ̹򣬱ھεŷˣ˵ڡ
ھԶʱŷ˱㿪ʼ񣺡μ򸣽𰲣
æվȻǰֲŷˣﲻ˶񣬿
˵Żȵǣŷ˵֣Զ¡
֮Ա߷̵СŮϴ͵Ĳյ
ŷҲʼһһ
໥ѹ֮󣬵ֱǰʱ䴫Ž˵һ²˴˵Ҫ׿ڸ֪ڱ֪Ǻ£
ԣŷ˲û̿˵Ǻ£´һµԵĹˡ
⣬Ȼתͷĵģȴȥֻ֥źá
ǡӦ
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ŵѾûˣڿ˵˰ɡ
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Ϊ֮ǰܲʲôҪݾߣһЩҲ޷㰢ŵ˲ٵʱ䡣ڻ첻ˣ㰢鵽Щ
˻סĵҲ̲ס¶һĵЦ⡣
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ŷ˵ǰ㰢Ҳ˵ġѾ֪֪Ƿ˺£
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ȻøĻǿķΪ
̫شҲһʱûáɣȥ֮߰꣬ǼԼΪҪݾߣȹ˶Բߣ˸ﴫš
ԣŷ΢΢üͷûϵˡ
ǲʵѾףѵﻹûаܰ⵹
ڽ͵֪λɲôöԸģҪȻϹɣλã׶ڣԵĹĸú³
οҲһС£СĵûдġʲôʱҷνҷȻҪʱ˺ͲУ߲亦ĵﲻ᲻ɡ
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˵ǣǳùڼˣ￼ǵȫһЩҲӦõģ⹬ﲻ档뵱Ǻεȵٳ裬һ̤䵽ء
ŷ˵ĺĺõʱ֪˵ʲô
ԼҶô˵˵ţء
뵽ŷ˴Ϣ֮һϵжҪϣֻܽһ˿죬ѹȥ
ȻϸĽŷ˻ȥ֮󣬸Ρ


309 
ŷߺ󣬵˼һ֮󣬱ĸ֥ģ
֪֮󣬻ǴԾһ
֥Ҫ΢һЩ
Ͼŷ˵ʱŵ˵ʱȻСЩ֮Ļȴûпܲµŷ˺Լӿ˵˭
Ψһû뵽ı࣬Ȼ𾪡
أû֥ȥôˡ
ͼ۾һ졣
ȻΪӸˣԼصƿ
ֻҪóλΪһԼӵļƺֶΣүǻ׾ٵ顣
һ룬ϵЦ⣬Ҳڲס
֥º󣬻Ǵżǵӣ˵᲻ҹȦף͵Ϲ
ȴᶨҡҡͷӦòᡣѾ꣬һֱûʲôչҲŵõһ֮ʹڣڵ˵࣬ӦòҹȦףҪȻҲ̫Щ
ԣ֥΢΢˵ͷֻҪȦ׾ͺá
һɴ°⵹ˡ
ԱߵĸϽȻѾȷɣʲôʱ֣
ҲǱҪ飬ȻȷɣﻹûеףүʵڲǰԴǰ㣬¡
⡭û뵽ԼӵĹ֮
һǱϴСŮһ£ѽ
ļô죬ܲŴõİѱʲôҲóȥɣҲ̫ˣ
ն϶ܣЩһ׵ķӣ˳⵹
֥΢΢˵ͷҲô²̫֮Ҫ˲ж
ҪȻʵ䷴˵пܱ
͹Ѿеٴʧܵĺˡ
ԼӴʱĹǡ
ϥûа磬ǵ㡣
֥˼Ƭ̣ڵҪðգͽϢ˽͵͵ݸɡ
Ӧ˵Ǵݸ޵ɡūţõϢ֮ǿ϶׷Źġ
ӣֻҪĻ˳ᢣƹס鷢չĴɣҲóеκηգº֮һãĽҲӦͬҷ̫ࡣ
ҪһǣºҲΪĵ̨үǺϣ߱ನ
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ԣ֥ҲҳŵԼӣֻվԱ߾š
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ֻøսزһֱѧأʵЩѲųٳûšⲻõÿգһЩǱеĵģóô˻ᣬƤݷý㣬ֻϣ㲻Ҫôﺮźá
˵䣬øŮŵʳУݵԱߵѩϡ
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310 
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СҲ˵Ļ˵Щ죬ס˼ҳƯ˵
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֪ԼһŰݷãܾô˵ᷳ
ͬĹ֮Ӧ˸ǡ
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ӣӦǺ˼ͬӽύùϵӰڻǰԼ䡣
ЦЦ˭֪أºҲʲô
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˵ʵһʱ䣬ӹŮĿУ֪˲й顣
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ʱѩԼСΪɣѲʱλӦҲգڵһʱͽԼϣ˵Ĳʱ߶˽Ϣ֮Ļ

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311 
еԬӦǸӵ٣ΪӦԬڣʵ
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ŮϽ͵֪ūǰԴӱΪӦ߾ôźټūʱߵźŮԬӦĸū澱˱ߵһ
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ֱ˲š
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˵Ů·뵽ʲôĵ飬ֿʼصĿ
ţһ߿ޣһ߼èĹ̫࣬Ȼū澣ū澸ʳū澲ӣ͹Ҳ磬Ϊū澣ū澡ūʵڡ
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ЦŶԵ΢΢˵ͷȵľ仰


312 
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ο޼ҵĵֶ̺Σɲһ֮ҿɱȵġ
ڴϣƵҲΪռȻһǻˡ
ҪȻ治һ˳


313 
٣Խ
رʱǻĴ̫ϣܽ˿ˡ
룬ſ̣ǰȥ԰
ΪˣҲ룬Ҳ롣
ڶٽ⼸æŸ嶾ɰתһע
󣬿ٹһȵֱѥۡ
״˳ʵϣʲôʱƼݳ԰
ֱ׵ʻϰΪ
ֻбĴӭϣŹݹӣü۴Ц⣬٩͵Ȳˣ
أԽˡʵʵ˵
΢΢˵ͷҲõ̫ãڣӦþͻȥ
ԣ¶ʱϲѣһ˫һ۸Ϊˣǳ檿ɾ͵ˡ
˵ŻſĶ棬˳ֽطСѷŵϡ
Сһ·ֵҰһ㣬ƿˢˢ£˿ߡ
ٹڿ죬СһİҲ
ͬ㣬ſеƣһ뿵ĵط
Ȼһ˫ѰĴ۾һգգĿſ
ðɣǶſǿŽɫӣ˺¶
Сһ˵ԣʼıݡ
״Ȼ̲ס
ոҧӵݵСһߣСһﲻһӦȥҧ
ֻӴһᣬһûҧ˵Сһı飬Ҳ˿࣬ʹüͷ˵СҲѿˡ
ʱǿŵС飬Цˡ
״̲ס뷭ۡ
ûô˵ĵԣǿ޵ĵ
Ҳϵʱ򣬱Ӱιܡ
ԣιܵĶ̫࣬治һֵҵ
ֻܶԼҶſĻڵ㺹껵أǲһߣ档
ŹƴŲԼЦ
ãУҲҸү˵ˡ
ÿɷЦСһ
طСȻЩǳԲǴ߸ձ꣬תͷһ죬ּˡ
λſֱվˣյøˡ
ţСһָſӣǡһұȻ
Ǳ·˵ٸҳһ¡
¶ʱûۿ
⺢ǲɵѽûӹ
ڿľûмˡ
֣վСһﱧԼá
˾ٶһ˵ŹˣҲסˡ
Ϊ˽ﲻӣˣ˱̫֮⣬İ磬ĺȥ
ٹ٣СһȷʵǵһΡ
˵ʵ¶λᱧӣٰСһˤˡ
ֻڻıҪȻ»ĵԱ߱ݻ½Ʒˤˡ
СһҲǵһԼĺ֮оĶ棬һͷ䣬һһ·ϵ̿ۡ
ϸûţءء˵ֻԼܶԡ
Ǻ¶ģɰĲˣֱ˰֡
ֻСһﵨ·һ˫ԲĴ۾ʼתˡ
ཱུС֣˿Ǻòһ롣
龰´󾪣æ
֪ж౦룬á
ԼҲ泩ʱ򣬲Żѣһ񫡣
Сһڱ˲󣬵ƽûϰץһȥûûصģø޶
ٶȣСһ̵ԼĻ
޶㺹ĺӣССƨƨ
Сһŷ»˼סԼСƨƨ
Ȼһֻȴָſ˵ͣͷ·ڿš
΢̲סǺЦ

ڣڻ̫ٹ˿²λӦӦĴӦ
رڿӦЩ̲סΪ䰵̾һϧ
˭֪谮ӦòΣϸÿģǿ
ǰϹ⸱ò
ȻҲɲΪ
óó裬ǧպãްú죬ʢ裬Ҳպһֱˡ
˵ãһպ󹬾ͱˡ
˭˵׼ء
ԣӦĳ֣ǰһ׷׶λвˣѺõ֦
ټйԱ߰룬ӦܿӦֳ档
ӦĸߵĴӦҪѷɫࡣ
λȻҲȴӦǰ磬㵽
෴λȥм䵭Ȼټλ⣬λĴӦվ󣬴ͷβĺܡ
һԱȣԽˡ
¶ûйϵͬλλɴк֮ؾԼλϺȲ衣
ʱҲͬɵ˵ôһ䣬һֳա
˵ʵÿĶڶ࣬Ϸӡ嶾ɰۻƾƵȽĿ
಻⡣
ȻҲɵѯйںʱȥ԰顣
Ͼȥٹ߶Ϊ϶Ӧǰ֪ʲô
ȻѾӿõȷеϢΪûּҲֻҡͷ˵֪
ɺʧһѡ
һҲɶȥ԰һ£
𳩴԰ϽǵǲЩÿʱȥ԰

ڹĵ죬Ǭ幬Ǳ´ǰȥ԰ּ⡣

ԽӵƼݳ԰ּǵЦûֹͣ
ԼȴĻᣬˡ
աģױҪȥٹһˡ
˵ÿ곩԰ﶼΪһʧǴһٹ
Ϊÿȥ԰ͷǷ̫ǰȥֻҪ̫ͷǰȥ԰ǰ϶顣
ǡղӦ
һױһ߶ٸﴫţ˵ƻб䣬ַ͸ĵ԰ɡ
֮ǰļƻǴڹﰲһϷġ
κι䱸ɭϣμƻܺܺõʵУһŴܱ¶Σա
ɳ԰ͬ԰̫󣬻ֲס԰ǹϣܵϽǱ©ꡣ
ֻҪСļƻ£кܴܹɹġ
ԣ͸ıԼļƻ
ȻƻĵһһҪһ԰ӡ
֮жܸõļƻʵʩ
ЦŵҲã֮ǰūҲò̫׵Ҫڳ԰ĻܸһЩ
ҲŸ͵ѽūҲó԰Ǳ߲
ĵ˵ͷ
ʰ׵룬ǾϾŰʮһһȥٹ
ˣźܻЩ
̫ĵȻܸˣ
Ĳ˵Ըû˵ˬʴ󷽣ҲȤ
һ򣬾Ͱѻ̫ÿġ
ټϾŰʮһԱ󣬲ڣ̫Լ˵ȥ԰顣
һȻͳˡ


314 
ʮݡݺɵĳݴϽǳǰ԰
»һĹӭ£ס֮ǰסļ
Ĺͬ£ǹһδļ֮ȥ
һ±ź׵ĹôδģĽã϶๦򡣡
ԣĹϽػӿⶼūŷڵĲ£˿佱
һļЦ̬ϣȴˡ
¶˹׼õĲյһڣŵ˵úãͻҪ͵ġ
˵ŻѩȡǰѾ׼õĺɰ
ΪܳʱδĹĲɰװһƵƱӡ
ĹϲЦտĽˡ
˴󷽣ǶԼµĿ϶
±ѩ֮ҵ˿ʼʰ񣬻аطߵ֡
Сһѵ磬˰ȹǵʾͿʼƵƵͷ˯
±ŷֺͰڲ˴̣˯¡
飬򽻸ƽżС̫æټĹפس԰Ĺ̫æǲôġ
ŷǱߣ񸣶ţֻҪԹһ±ɡ
˵ڶգڻʹ£ȥ̫˰
ֻ֮˰ʱ䣬Žдȫʰ׵λ
úϢһյʱ±ŻúöطСѣʼ̽԰Щֺÿľɫ
ڼ䣬һ˼š
ʳĲϣǳ԰ߵĲũ߲˹Ϲոմϵ㣬Ǹˮ顣
Ҫǣ߲˹Ϲ´طȥԲժġ
˵ժḶ́ЩǱԼֲժĶоǲһͶˡ
ڳ԰ӣ¹Խˮ
ϾʱԼϲˡǶˣС١ӦˣһƷһ԰ӡ
ӹúò
ˣǸʱʱӦ
ǵģûѡعǸһ˳԰
ڹǽûиŹĻ
󸣽Ķ·ݴˣһֱ̫ȵ۳Ͷ٣̫ڣ˹еȴ󸣽
һĹ񣬱˸ˡ
ҲϴѲºʹʹϽ˹ùҲץŹ񲻷š
ټ꣬һҲδڳ԰סﻹЩġ
¹еŹˣûиŹ
ʵµ˼ǴŹһ԰ģŹȴֱƴˡ
˵ٹԭӣٸһߣٹӶûУĹ˻ҪȥͲˡ
һŹ˱ٹ
һȹһ죬ڳ԰ȴǹü죬һС¾͹ȥˡ
ۼطСѵ񼴽٣Ҳʼ׼Ҫ
ϯһ鵹ǲģǱ׼æ
ץõ顢ʡֽʸӡµҪĶࡣ
һȴҪ׼

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֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻôһ
һգ¹һ꣬԰ľɫԽˣ·ڽϵС
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ԵĺϣӨ͸ˮںҶϹȥʢĺɻͬȥγһĻ
Ϊ꣬´ԭ²ûдطСһֻѩ̡
ӦӦѾԼãһ԰ӡ
סļ鿼硣
ԣһžɫһߵȴӦӦ˵ĵ
ֻǵһȴһֱ
ţѩȥһǲǱʲôסŵʱȴԱ߳һɫ̫ε̫ࡣ
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ź̫࣬ϲ·һֱϥ֮С
λȻͬ˵͵̫ļĲɫ̫ȴվֱͦ
ɻ䣬˭֪̫ѾеĽǰ
ֵǣڼ֮ҲԼ񣬶һֱֱֵĿ
龰жʱ
Ҳ뿪˵ء
˭֪ûжأѾ̽ԵĿڶ¶¶𣿡
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¶ʱ󾪡
ͷƤŷ
ȵӵͳ̫࣬кܴĲ̫ͬΪȥ˸ԭ˵żּϸ
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ʸû˵һ̫Ҳǰ֮òһš
ȻⶼеԾġ
Ծӿĳƺһֵܳƺš
֪ʱ˵أڱ뿪
ǺˣǺĿģӦþԶ
ȻͻȻڴ˵صİӣ׼򵥵ķߡ
ֻǰԼһЩ
״¶ʱŵòᣬе㲻Ҫ
ķӦ;ٶȻӺǳԾͽܲˡ
ʱг˲֮ɫ¶¶ôˣѵϵĺѽ
˻һֻͷ׹
֪ΪʲôϵϷء
硣
ΪƺڴӲش˸
꣬һϸλԳƺüۡ
ǿһ¡
ҿ϶Լ֮ǰûģûȴ־˾Ȼм졣
ǵģûд졣
ͷ·һ㡣
ֵĵط
һüͷʼţԼˡ
˵ʵʱǲߣһĻȴɻ
رӸϤУܾһܡ
ߵѩҲǰĪֵ̫죬µֱۣڴߴٵӣǻǿȥɡ
ʹĵ˵ͷãǻȥ
ȻŪ࣬Ҳ֪Ϊֹӵĳ֣˲Ǿ֮ء
ֻǻδһȴͻȻˡ
ֻѸٴǰԭ˵ľͲԶȻ׼Ǳһס
û·Ӧһ˵ߵ¶㵱˺ģȻװʶң
˵ʱһţû뵽ЩģΪٻ󣬶֮ĺɽˣ
֮ǰ˵ҵȵʮǱܳص˵Ļѵ𣬻˵ٻۣ¶ˣ
һĿߣȻˡ
ⶼʲôʲôѽ
ԱߵѩǱӵķħֱӾסˡ
ҲܲԼЩ̫ڼŵǰˡ
ִ˼ᰧ󣺡¶Ҵӳȥɣǿӳǣ¿ʼ
ǰһĿߺԽоһ׹ĹѪ飬Լ
ǣ൱档
̬ΪԼǸ̰ȨƵŮˡ
ֱ̫ٵˣ


315 
ѸٵĻعһ߾ԼҪӵӰˣһ߿ڵȷſңлú˵вУ
ֻӷſԼΪ·׼
״ѩҲһӷӦ߬Լӵֱء
ͼʹ˺ӣķӣſҼӣҼӸͲʶ㡭
һжͽͣλȻ׵ķ뿪
ûз֣߬µĴֻ˽
ҿҪˡ޿̵
ǰſҼӣٲţǾͽˣ֪׵˭СԲ˶ߣѩҲԱŻ
ȻɣҲ֪ǰһĻ̫죬϶ǲܽǰģһ㲻Żһǰ֮ˡ
˭֪ЩŲӡ
ֻһЦ¶㵱ǲֵģ㺰ҲãҼȻѾ˱׼˵ʵһ棬Ѿˡ
Щһڣ˵ȻˣѩҲˡ
ѩֳһԼӣгɻ
ˣˣʶԼӣԼǰðɡ
ΪźʱõĹˣȻ֪ıȱ˸һЩ
˵Щ꣬Լӱֵĺɸ빬ʱҲǼٵġ
ǳԼӵ飬ȷʵαʶ˵ѽ
ѩĺͿˡ
Ҳ֪ûŪ֮ǰ϶ǲܺ˹ġ
Ҫǰǰ֮йϸһǾ͸˵ˣ
Ӧ˵ƺϴˡ
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ҲǷˡ
֪ǰһĻΣա
ӵһٺͷʹѣ
ҪǣȻʶӣӵĻУĸоǰӣӦøйϵġ
Ӧ˵Ǹԭйϵ
ʲôϵܸǰӿеĻмֳ
ȻǰһĻ˵µһȦףһ֡
һصľ֡
ֻһ֣˵ĻֶĻʱ⣬Ҳǲܵˡ
ȴЩ·ûпǵһ㣬Լıݡ
¶߰ɣһõģ㿴ҵĶﶼһֱúñţһˣûȢޣҶһֱڵ㡭
˵Żһֽ߬µֹ֣ѿһֿʼԼĻ
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׵𣬾Ȼﶼˡ
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ѾҪˣղŸ֪ΣգҪӦˡ
ȻһȻڹ鿵ĲԶ𣺡ôĵӣȻڳ԰˽УͻҺ󹬣к𣡡
˵䣬ͼһȻߵĹһڹˣڵشԱߵС·˹
ո˵ģȻ
ͻȻıʣе£
ⶼʲôʲô˼˵ñʲôʱ˽ˣҺ󹬣۵ñӺô
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˾Ȼʾطſڴƻƣ˵˵ʲôʱ˽У۾ѲϹˣף
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ڼ͵׵ָ˽УñӣѾ˵һС
Ϊʵ࣬пԣпѱ硣
һ룬Ӳľһ亹
˵ʵٲҲ֪ŴŮ˽е³
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۵ⶥñ˵ǰ㣬˵һҺ󹬣ҲΪ
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ֲøλɣϲ˵أֹȻƣ׳˲ٵӡ
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ȻµĻһڣԭǰļ̫࣬ס˽Ų
ƲĿֿ¡
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֮һļƣĻûκһڳ䶨֮С
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һ뿪¸ϽԼ
ƤͰϸۣͨһƬºܴһȦĺۼ
ŲæʱһɫҲʮѿһ࣬һ׵ġ


316 
Ըٸº߷ߵطԸȥүͲţʵˣԹŮܷȥ
ҧгݵģĺ޲˺͡
Ҳǣ˭ԼľƻȴûԤǰ㺦ºʹ飬Ҳòȥ
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ЩȰźõģȻʹ˿ʱȥ϶ֽᷢڹϣҲӰɵ³֡
ǰȥ뿵ĹֳԽĽţμ
ʱתͷԵĹոһĻҲۿˣȵү󣬽ɲܲ
ʵҲĺܣ
Ҳ֪Լòۏһ˻ˮ
˵ڴð⵹Ļǰǿ˿ҵֺûס
ֻǹҲһˮǲۏҲۏˡ
ԣ׼˼Ż
÷ģү𣬱Իʵү˵ġ
ûɰﲻ
ԵԱ˼
ԣһ
˵ʵҪΪʵ벻һ԰ӣۼ֤ͬһĻŲŹǰ֤ء
˵ߣϱֳƽ
϶ǲܵġ
Ҳء
ԱߵѩǽŵؾµһֱֺֻۣµСʵӣڸô죿
΢΢̾һˮڰɣ£Ҫ˵ˡ
˵ʵҲ֪ȿ֮˵ʲô
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ɿ֮ǰ龰ȻǲеģõȦף϶棬¶˴
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ҪȻһǾʹˡ
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һǾѰˡ
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㿴ڵĴĺܲãӦ˵Ǻܱ
˵ʵµڶһ֣ӦֱĨӣһ˰ˡ
̫ˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊεز˼ȥЩ߰Ķ
ȻĴء

ٶ֮죬˵Ԥϡ
ҲΪ鿸סϪݾԵʣѾ˲Ⱥ˵㣬ԿһĲν졣
ֻǿһĵȫ
⻹㣬ɢһɭ亮һ˫ûһ˿¶ȣ̲סȵ죬Ӳش˸
״ǹˣǹһأˡ
аţ˵ĺࡣ
֮ǰܱQʱȻĿҲóȻ˵
¿һǻŭȷϡ
촽һԲüҼ価⡣
ɨݵ֮ȴ䵽˱ڵصǱϡ
ڵ֮ǰѾȥУ֪Ĵš
ҲɫΪԭ
˵ʵ·ϣһһĶԼ˵϶ǱƵģԩġ
ɵֳǸָΪ˽ͨӺ󣬻ʹ˫ۺǡ
ʱͬһѷĵӣֱֱ䵽ӵϡ
Ҫܹɱ˵Ļǰ֮Ѿٴһٱ顣
ǱָΪ˽ͨǸУκ¶ȵڳ
Į̲ס˸սǿŴ˫ȺݣڵݡԺμϣ¶ĻǾˣ¶õģϳȫ
˵գضſݺݵؿһͷ
˵⻰ãһ˵˻ʱÿԭһ̵ֱŭֱһʰ
ֻ̧ȶԺһţͬʱҲ䣡
һŵȲᣬټ긻ǿϰ⣬ʢŭ֮߳ȥģͽԺ߳һ׶Զ
˵Ĳƣóе˾ˡ
ǹºڳˣǾסˡ
˵ʵʶôã»ǵһμ֣ԣǶˡ
Ȼ˰ɣпܸеѲ˹ϵ
͹䣬ŭû˵顣
ǶǶǰˡ
⼸꿵ʢƢҲ˲٣Կ˵ĿһӾסˡ
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ʱ߳ȥԺΪһû
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ȻĻһڣͽĿ⣬תƵԺϵǷϡ
ԺýʶĽ߬һЩ
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317 
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Ҳǣɽǰ粵Ҳ޴ӱɡ
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318 
Իصס֮󣬾һֱŸո顣
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󣬻ʹ١֣˳ȥһ£쳩԰ǲǷǲ֪顣


319 
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ɫǰ˵˵ƻ
󣬿ޱ飬һִžڣһֿٵطš
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ֱһӣϵһɨ䡣
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ӣūžãҪ˼
ƽµķԸ֮֮࣬ǿĵȰ˵
ԱߵѩҲϽǰӣūҲʵ̫ðˡ
Ȳ˵ڱڼܳȥֻ˵һ©˷˱֪϶ʥŭġ
ѩԼӵ뷨ʵ̫ˡ
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Ӽֱֱ̫ˡ
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ɣҲҪǱܴܲͨϵµ
ūž찲š
΢΢˵ͷ
ʵȥԺֱƨˣʱһпɾĳˡ


320 
ҹֲָɫñӰ˾
˵˾ʵǹ˷֮󣬱Ѻܷʵĵط
ڵƻ谵ζУųڵĻж
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324 
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325 
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326 
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327 
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Ǻ֮ˣ;쵽ĲԾ
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΢΢һû뵽ڻʳ⡣
ȴǸ˵ġ
˵ʲô˵ԼܶԴˣ֪ͬԺǰôһεʱҲһ
ڵ飬͸ࡣ
˵⣬ϲ֮˵ʱȷʵҲǲͬ˷ġ
ԣƶʣԵúܸˡ
ܶڳԴ𣿡Цؿ۾ʵ
ȴЦʵڰ۵ĺܡ
ܾĻܺЦɣ
ҲǣΪɣȨΪλʳء
ֱȡ衣
תſ
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Ȼ˸ոպͺãӦؼʱƢ
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¶һŵı飬ֻ븧
ͷô˵滰ûء
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Ľͣһסˡ
˵ʵ˵ĺôһ£еˡ
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µĻÿһʱԶԡ
֮󣬿ǲ˼ӡ
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˵˵ţԼί
ϱʲôѽȻôһˡ
˵˵ȥԼ̫ܶסС
ǶӮˣ
Լܶ󻹲ˡ
ֻǷЩ̫ˣûˡ
ϣһΣҪȻܲˡ
һֱӾˡ
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˿϶ǿɵء
զģȻ˾⡣
һ룬ǻȷʵš
ȥϴû
ΪҲ֪ԭĹ飬ʱֻΪѾֻҪŪŲĵǰպء
ԣһ֮⣬ûҪȥǸ
ϾСٶŮ鳤ĻҲû˼ˡ
˵Ŀģһ˫ˮٴȷϵʵ
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ʻ̽һ¿ԴµĿ͵ϸ
֪µѾ鵽ˡ
ʹ˴סټ²飬ҲûбҪΪ顣
ڿǲǶ谮мӣȻûʲôϵ
̫Ļ΢ɲ΢΢üͷ
û뵽Ȼ˵˻̫֪
һƲɣ̫ӡ
Լû鷳أȵ̫ﵹһˡ
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ǲ֪̫˵˼滰ּٻ
ǰϵĲյһڣŵȻʶ˵飬ʶ̻¶һжڱһֲ߻һʵʩģ
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˵ˣ˵֪ˣðҰڻǰ顣
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Ϊֻǽ飬֪˻̫û̫Լʩѹء
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˵Ѿ²⵽鵽ΪˣΪԼ·ء
ȻһҲɵ
ڴϣȻûô˵
У˴£׵ķŹǸаպ飬αϡ
˴̫Ҳ֪ƾԼͻÿı⡣
֪ʵΪʵۿ֮ϥµ磬ںԴָ֮ýλʵۿˣ
Ҳ֪дܹﲻοΪİ磬ֻһ㣬ʵ۶Ͳ̫ǲǡ
һȻÿüͷ
ʵҲڲ󣬳˵ϴ֮⣬ȻߣȴҲٳûиҪԭ
ףɶһϵеĺ飬鷳ġ
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尢绹ãͰȥȥ鷿飬ɾŰʮһ绹Сȴ鷳£ܽ˭Ĳ׵
رʮһ磬仹ôС
ҲǿΪͷ۵顣
˶£Ȼ
ֻȴ޹ģܲΪ֮£һɡ
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΢΢мֶݣ̫ٽڰҸǰʹ飬˵Լ֪ˣպҲֻĸ硣žãȻѾ̵ʶԼĴ󣬰ҾƤڻʵǰ˵䣬Ҳǲԡ
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⡭̫¶֮ɫ
û뵽Լ˵ôĻ֮󣬿ûдŹǶ˳ͷ
̫ҲףѾǿòˡ
ҪͱˣŲţ䲻Ļ϶ϧ֮Ŀŭ֮£صĴ
ԣþյĵ̫Ƕõġ
ο˭ײǿ׶Ǹ̫̫󣬿ԸţѾǼˡ
ҲգѵҲáֻ̫̾
ԴˣҲһ
̫ûʲô飬ڿΪ˵飬治һӲ˻̫档
㣬ǲĽ
˴˽УҺ󹬵˵ȴܲƽ
˵Щίˡ
ϾҪʵֲĻȴĿ϶Ǳ֡
ȴֻǽΪλѡ
һԱȣ϶³ҡ
ʱãе̫ίԼܶˡ
ʲôûĿᣬǲӦá
ֻҲֻˡ
պлᲹĻ϶ԥĲ
뵽˼΢΢һ˼ƽϡ
ֻǴ»Ҫú˼һУҪȻֻ˿ջϲһˡ
뿴ɥʧС顣


328 
ȴ˵뿪̫ס売Ϊйص֮󣬱дλʥּ
Źȥסּ˵˼侯Ļ
Ԩի
ʧǵعڵϣŹʥּ
û뵽ͷּ⣬֮졣
뵽ʱǿǰȥ̫밲ʱ֪ӦѾǻ̫Ϊ֮Ĵˡ
ּɡŹʥּ󣬿ڶԹڵϵڵ
Ź̬ȻãûΪһΪλȥ侮ʯ
ϾôŶΪʼ磬һδ䶨ǰ˭֪Ľء
Ǻ̫֮Ҳа磬û
ûĸˣ᲻ۣ벻һϥаɡ
ǰɣȴ硣
պٲҲһᱻΪɡ
ο尢绹ǻ̫Ըϥµġ
侮ʯúõ
ּ֮ҲҪлʥּ֮ŹŶūʱүм仰ūӸ
ɽҧأǿһŹ뽲
Źŵү˵ϣպΪ֮²ΪҪһεĻ̫飬ҲţСʹ룬ϣϧλᣬҪٷ´¡
⻰νһ־棬ûһΡ
Ѿľֻܵ檽ү̻壡
Ź΢΢˵ͷ֮ҲڵʩһŴС̫ߡ
ŹһߣѾҡҡ׹ɿڵ
ԣĲĺգæһһǰ˹ڵϵ
ʱ·ʪ͸˷·һһ㣬ûյ޶ׯ
ݡ
ʥּɣʱֻ΢΢Ĳˡ
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˵ʵԴӿʮ빬ûǱ
λΪλ˿˲ѵ⡣
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ɾȴҪҡ
Լ·֮û̫飬һλλûаĸȨ
ֱ˵ķ̡
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ɵҲ֪ʹ˲֪ˣ˵̵ʱ̣ʲô飬бš
󹬵ĹŮǰ³ûдһǲ̵ģɼҲúˡ
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ʵҲ֪Լ֮ҵĵǲǱָʹġ
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ʼϸϸ˼ʱ顣
˵ʵڿڶЩʧˡ
⼸꣬ŬڣȴҲûлλĵһ˿עӡ
һһġ

ӵΪɵϢ󣬸𾪲ѡ
Ӧ˵Ǿֲѡ
ֱ֮£òš
һ¡
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ԣҰɣϥ¿ûΪ
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ϥֻС񣬶廹ãҸλˣܸ
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ˣһ²ѡ
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֮ĸƻѡ
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ǰߵ֥ģʱҲһºҡ
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㿴̫ţҲ˵ͷˡ
ԸϽ֮ǰβɨɾɲ˲õΪ
ӷģūȥ֪ͨϲĵ
΢΢˵ͷ˵ʵǱŻˡ

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룬¾úпܡ
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ʱ꣬ԺͻȻڳ԰һ鲻ģӦǱס˰ѱ
ȷһ˵סԺļ˶вԺ˵ڻź˿š
Ϊ˵϶ǲˡĴ
ԺŻһҧ֮˵ֹϵ
ʵأͶϵܶ꣬˻и飬ǸǿЦ
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Ϊ֪ʼĩ׼̬ȡ
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ӵϢҲһ겻ѡ
ʼңҺõԼûвκϴ¡
ҪȻ㲻һλⲻעĿ
صģпܱѵ⡣
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ϾúСļƻֻ֪ѡ
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֮ǰ޵飬Ѿù
Ҫ֪ϵһǿ϶Ĵ
Ѿܲסıˡ


329 
ΪɵϢܿڳ԰Ѹײڶ֮ƴˡ
ش¼ȻȻ󲨡
˭ǿûóǰһֱʢ費˥ĳ
˵ڶ˸ҳƵһ
˵һ󹬵һˣҲΪ
һǺУΨһ磬ɹˡ
˵ϡ
ǵλֱû˵
ολл̫
ȴ׵ıλֱ˲š
⵽Ƿ˶ĴŻÿ˲ĶԴ
˵ʵϢûһ˲ġ
ȻЩУѾԴм˽Ļʹˣ
ܿ죬вٴɣ뵽ϡ
ʧԾ˵ϸֱ޼
һ֪¸ס
ڶգͱΪɣⲻҪһˡ
ǲͻȻλѲ˹ϵ
ҪȻɺϵ顣
ߣʼ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ǰʱͻȻʧ裬ǲҲйء
ȱˣǽһоµࡣ
֮Щ̲סһ
ȻĻģȻүתⲻ˵
̫Ǳ߶ûסɼү˺ĵġ
ʱ˿ֻ̣һ֪ǲá
һĿɶǰ֮
Щɶǰóɣһ˺á
ˣһɡ
ͳͳΪˡ
³һһҡ
رǰɣڷͷݶϸ˰ɡ
뵽Щȴ̲ס˸

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չϵҪõĶˡˡ١йϵһɡɵˡ
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ڽѹЩ˴˴ι̽һˮ޴֮⣬Щ֮ǰطʱû͹ˣ֮ǰ
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ദʱˣʱͷɢģҲǰǰ󣬲˼
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ˡ
ǰڻʵ۵ļӣֻҪ˼ߣԵúڡ
ŹԱ߿ˣ̲ס档
ֻԼүʵ̫ûƢˡ
˵ʲôһЦ⣬ٻһ
˵үǰɲģܶţ;ţٻ˿ʲô
ȴǡ෴
ܸʲôǶһдϣͲװˡ
ʮʱҲ˼ϸģ˼ֺͰ
Ҳǣ˸үദʱҲǴһ仰䣬ʲô˵ʲô
е˼ȫдŰƴСϡ
ؼǣĺܻүģ˵ʱҲϲԣ˰ѡ
Ź˵ʱСƢҲͦƢʱ˦˵飬Ҳûٸɡ
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֮أȻǸЩūŵĳȥ
Ź㲻룬֪үҪˡ
˵ʵ㲻ߣճദģʽУԲԼүЦġ
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ͷ·֮ǰСƢĲһ㡣
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ֱǲ˼
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ͱڿµ飬ֱӾ°͡
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ɾץסһ㣬űƵԺͷġ
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ڿˡ
Ҳǣ鷢ԼܶûԺ飬ɼĶѾ⡣
ֲɵ˵ҪΪԺ飬һ̿͸ҰԺŪ
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ԣҪȫԺ컯϶ǲٲˡ
֣ܲҪԺһ²ںע
ҪȻĲпڵĴþ棬߽⡣
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һ˯Ⱦˡ

ӹü죬һתʮȻΪɵȶȣ
ʮһգʹȥ̫밲ʱҲǰ
˵ݣ˴Ŀ޶ãǰµʱҲƽԶԣܸоԱλӣĲôá
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رԭǹɾһӾûˡ
ǰĨɷڸǵȻ޴档
ʧȥλҲʧȥյİ
£ɣûѡ䳰ȷ侮ʯ
ɵͷ뵽Լ֮С
ǰͬóɣȴʧȥյٹ⣬Щͬġ


330 
һʱǳʵֵ
ʵΪڣҪʱӭݵ׼֮ǰõļƻ
أΪÿ첻Щ顣
طСˣʶĶϾȵʱ򣬴ڳ԰й䡣
ȻСһϲĻȥ׽㡣
ʱȥʱϪǰԶϪ
ʵҲͦϲ׽ģȻÿ϶Ū⣬ջ
ַĵĿֺ͸ˣȴǲܱȵġ
ϧѾѮ¸¾ڣ϶֮ǰѡϽǡ
һ뵽԰ʧ䲻ѡ
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ʱ¾룬Ҫÿɻعطڳ԰Ҳǲܽܡ
ǲȥ
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ۣȷʵ治ЩŴǣϾ˼ҴСֻһģȻȲϡ
ȻˣǾ۲Ϊɡ
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334 
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һ£Ҳһ˵ĵģ١Ҳר˵ġ
١˵룬ȻûеӦ£̬ȴ˺ܴĸı䡣
οҪ˵ʱͬգѹ
˻ʹĹҲ˳Ҳ˵ʲô
ԣʹУҲǲܽӡ
ֻԼǳٰѹˡ
һȦѾ˾ϡ
ȿʹ֮󣬾רһԺʹ̸һ¹顣
磬š
±㽫ʹ˼ֱӸ˵ˡ
Լ˼Ҫ鷳ӹǣҪǲܣˣﻹء
檵ǲܣ¹ܲãٰѹˣճмֵĵ
⵹޷Դ˺ǲΪȻһ£ô֪ԼвС
ЦǺã檾ϵģһ£ʵڹܲõĻٽǡ
ԹҲһ֪һ㾭ģӦòһ¾͸ˡ
߻䣬㼱ҴܽһС̫ࡣ
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ʱһﻹ˵øС̫ƽոʧһ£سʵ˵̫ӵ׳˺£
ո̫үߵĹ˵̫ү󰢸ʱ򣬲֪ΪΣƥܾ̫үֱӴˤСĿĵԴȻԲѣ
˻һڣ𾪲ѣֻȻ´кͼҴҵߡ
һߣһ߲С̫ࣺ̫ںδ̫ҽûУ
С̫Ͻص̫үڴԵ䷿ڣѾ̫ҽūǲŲ
Ź߳źѩߣӡ
Ҳ֮վ
ոż̫ӵ飬Ȼ˸˵һ
̫ˣҲŹȥɣƽ׼һ½
̫ӳ£²֪ãڼȻѾ֪㿵ûΪĸܸùȥһ۲źá
ǡѩת
ƽĶ죬߸մǱ̧߱Ĺ˺Ͳˡ
Ҳ飬ֱ˲
ȴһֱ̫׹һ£֪Ϊ⡣
ؼǣ黹ǣ浽̫ϡ
󰢸Ϊʳӣж֮ģڹѾʲôܣؿв
ֳ̫׹֮£Ǹ󰢸һʱģ㿵Ը룬ҲҪˡ

ļҴҵֱ̫䷿
ʱ䷿͹һūš
ڵĴ󰢸磬洫ĶæҴҵӭ˳
ǰһ߼һ߿ڵ꣡
󰢸磬뵽ոչ˵ȻһӵĻ
ûɵĺ£
󰢸һ˵ĲףæΪԼ꣬Ƕԩģ
˵ʵ󰢸Ҫ֪պ̫ӴһǳЩ϶
أŻڻԲѵ̫ӣ̲סĴ룬̫ҪˤԴ˵ҲǺһ
󰢸Ľͣ󰢸˵ǿʶ
ԣ󰢸һֱۣԽ첽ڡ
οڴϻԲѵ̫ӣɲǴ󰢸磬϶Ǩŭ󰢸ϡ
ʱͷѪ̫طӣڴϣԲѡ
ߵĽ̵סһŵشС̫Ա߷š
ס˭̫ӽҪĳ£Щ̫ӵūǣһһ϶䲻ĺá
һݣ⸱Ȼ־ŭ̫ҽأ̫ҽôû
һŽĴ󰢸磬æڵغ꣬ѾɹȥˣӦ·ϡ
󰢸粻ڻãһڣڴϺ̫ӣٿǰˡĴ󰢸磬ﻹѹסŭ
˭ģ޹ȥţ
꣡󰢸粻ŵغ
û뵽Ȼ˲ʳ档
Ȼôūŵ棬档
˵̫ģֲĴ־͹̫ԼСġ
û޵Ļ޶ԵĴ󰢸磬ӻӿ
תŹ
Ź״ϽǰŴ󰢸һơ
󰢸磬үͷϣվҲ޲ֻǵүūһ䣬ȵţ̫үүҲˡ
˻󰢸Ҳ֪ŹΪãֻҧҧǲĵسӡ

ȴ˵ߣΪסļĹϵ͸ǰŵĹˡ
ʱÿһ޷޲ƽĴ󰢸ڳȻſڲԶ
龰»ʲô׵ģ϶ǿŴ󰢸緢ˡ
˵Ǵ󰢸类Ǩŭˡ
Ҫ˵ǨŭҲΪʱ磬Ϊ̫׹һ£ܲ˵λ󰢸絽ûйϵ
˵¸곤Ĵָ
Ǽû鷿С磬ǼһЩ
󰢸Ҳܿע⵽µĵ
˵ʵԼҺո²ѹ󰢸粻ϣϲ
Ӧ˵ᡣ
Ϊ֮ǰʱûڴ󰢸ǰ˵λѹ顣
ѹڹܳ裬翵ƫѹ
˵дĻڴ󰢸ԼҶϣ֮ףӦýˡ
󰢸û뵽һ֮λ꾹ȻֱӸǰ֮ˡ
ӵϢʱ򣬵𾪲ѡ
û취ٲϲҲסԼҺϲ
һѹť»ϣҪλѹһء
ֳ¼棬¿϶ɵǰ󰢸꺮ů󰢸϶Ҳǰ
ԣڵϵĴ󰢸ֻǵؿڵ
΢΢ͷʾһ£ǴкȻԽݡ
һȥƼˣôˣ
µ檸Źʲô԰æġ
ˡ
׼ǰȥƼͷѪ̫ڴϺ󣬻һ
̲ס룬ˤԴɲһС°
üͷʣ̫ҽû
΢΢˵ͷ
ı飬ȻҲѾûʲôˡ
״Ҳٿڣֻ̫ҽϿ쵽
ҪȻȥ̫Ҫи̣ɲұ֤᲻ǨŭЩ̫ҽϡ
ʱƤ֮඼ģԴҲпܵġ
ûһ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ١
һλ
λ֮ǰģһλ̫ҽһλ̫ҽ
λ̫ҽԺõʥ֣ɼ̫ҽԺӵϢ֪̫֮ӺҲŪ
ϾһҪ£Ҫ˱ǡ
λ̫ҽһæ֣ˣֱӿǸϽǰ̫ﲡˡ
λ̫ҽȻӣʼַǰ̫ˡ
վڿߣֻȴűɡ


335 
λ̫ҽ̫ͷϵˣСػཻһϵ̫ҽǰ
Σ̫޴󰭣˵ͷ
һʣɼ̫ӵӡ
̫ҽ΢ͬλ̫ҽһ£̫ͷϵˣҪ΢ʩ֮󣬵̫ѹ¶ۡ
һ仰˵ʲôΪʱ硣
ԣ΢΢ɫֻܳĬ΢΢˵ͷԸǾ͸Ͻʩɡ
ǣ΢ǰȥ̫ʩ롣̫ҽӦ
˵գתͬλ̫ҽʩһ¡
λ̫ҽҲ֪ȲãԶܿ죬ڵסūŵİ£ֻһ̫ͷϵѪ㱻Ĳ࣬һ롣
ֹһԲѵ̫ӣ΢΢ķӦ
ʱǿ£λ̫ҽ۾㶼һգգضڴϵ̫ӡ
ڼ˵ע£̫ڻ˫ۡ
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ǣûǵʷϵ̫ӣˤԴ
̲סڵطiطiǺ갡
̫ӵĿ£ֻС૵ѵǴˡ
˻һΧڴߵļˣ㿴һۣҿһۣǺ̫ӻ˼
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˲̫Ӵ˻˼ΪԽߣײ仰ĺˡ
ټ̫ӸոʱãӣƭһԼѡ
̫˴ģȻҲһʱܲˡ
תͷλ̫ҽ̫ôˣΪλ˷Ӧ
λ̫ҽ㿴һۣҿһۣҲе㲻׵ôһ¡
˭֪̫ʱȴſڵ꣬£ֻǸոѹЩͷΣһʱûѣú굣ˡ
˻һɫҲһ
ر꣬ȷʵ̫ʱ
λ̫ҽˣϽ̧Ӳ˲ϵ麹
̲ס룬ֻҪ̫ûˤԴͺãҪȻǻ治֪ôˡ
ϾԴ٣Ҫ⣬ɲ׾κõġ
ֻ£ɻ𾪡
Ϊ̫ӸոʱķӦӦʵġ
㣬ʲôһ㡣
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Ϊ̫Ӹոʱ仰̲סɣڵ̫ӣѾԭ̫ӡ
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˵ʵҪǸڻʼң˵磬
ɲðա
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һǣǰ֮ǲǴǸ紩ģһء
ɲðա
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룬־Լˣ˸ûʲô棬ûлӴҲûʲô¶ķա
ԣ뵽ݺһ㶼ա
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ʷϿûƺš
ٱʮ֮󣬿һİ㣬ֻʮûˡ
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һ룬ĶŻţһĸԼˡ
ҲǰλǴǸʱԽҲ˵ʷôá
ͱԼʵʷͼǵ١
֪һЩ飬ҲֻΪ崩С˵Ķˣżǵһˡ
ֻ˰οԼ
ȴ˵̫󣬿Ȼ˲ѣæԸλ̫ҽٺúΪ̫һ
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ˣҲûϸ۲һλпλԽߵ̫ӡ
۲컹ãһ۲ŷ֣λƴԽߵ֣Ȼ˶̵ʱڣѾ̫ӵ˵ʽԼϰߡ
̫ӼΪϤĿȻҲûһ˿Ĳ
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֪ոһĻĲۻ
ǿǰ̫ӵɣֲ֪ǷԼˡ
˵ʵЩòˡ

Ӵص»һֱй̫ӵ顣
ֻ˺һҲûʲôͷûкõİ취ӦԴ
ѩױҪȥһԺͻȻڷԸ
ѩʱһϲ֪Լͨˣ˼ҪֻʹĹ
ȷʵд˼
粻˳١
̫׹ŭ󣬿϶Ҫһ̫ߵĹˡ
˻ᡣ
ǵģ´Ŵ˴ι֮㣬̫߰һԼֹȥ
Ҫ󲻸ߣֻԱá
̫ǴԽʿ㺦ȻǸ԰ãҲЩʲô
һ̫Ӷи׼ֲ
ο̫ӵĵλڿﲻһ㣬˭Ҳ޷ġ
˵ʵֻ̫ӵƤҪĻ治һܽӵס
Ҫǣ̫ʲôɸ˵Ŀģ޷Ҵ̫ӵĿ
ΪʱѾ۲ˣλ̫Լ棬˵κλɡ
Ҳ˵̫пԭ̫еļ䣬Բ޷İ̫ӣ˻ɡ
Ͼ׾ٵƭȥˣ۲ֱӴЩˡ
ԣҪĴ㡣
ﻹϣЩԼˣֻǶһ١
λֻ뱣סԼ̫֮λ˳ǻ˺ʮĻҲǲʲôܣʲôʡ
ϾǸλãûʲô뷨
ȻһжҪиǰᣬǾλǸ˲С
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ټ˶ڹһղȻڳƤ顣
ö飬ʹҲԵ쳣ˣڽµҪʲôģֻʱ١ֱá
ɣ١ָü죬Ϥһ¹ҲУ԰ߵĹ񲻶࣬Ӧúܿ֡
Ȼ֮ã˵ҪȻˣֻҪͷߵˡ
˵˴¶˶٣㿪ڽҪɣһѧǿҪܽ١һѧϰĻһ°빦֪١Σ
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˵ʵҲϣԼȥ֮С١ܲλݣŵ㹬
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ֻ١λ̫ͣΪʹҲĿŵΨףⱻ˵졣
ںˣѹ£Ȼ˳Щ
öº󣬻ʹ˽١˵˴¡
١Ȼ˲ѡ
λݵͣǲһϽġ
Ȼڲܣ˵һգֵܹء
ʱҲһץϹЦȥ
ԣ١ǺԸѹһѧϰġ
˼ȻҲԼ˼
ԼǵûʹΪԭĲãպ١϶Ҫġ
ҲֻδѶѡ
οʵڲǸʡĵĲ£ɲһֱš


336 
˵̫ӸոѣŲߵޣʵڲ
̫ȶ֮󣬿Ըˣ̫Ų֮ǰס԰
֮˵̫׹֮¡
Ȼ׵ıǹߵĹºūš
һһŹ˿ϼʡ
پǴ󰢸磬ҲûֵʲôãǱһʱ̫Ѻֱѵһ١
һ֮£ϵĲҲֱ˵ߣߣˡ
󰢸ԭͲ˲׵Ĵô󰢸Խÿƫƫûˡ

ȴ˵̫ߣ뿪Ҳõסȹ˳ȥ
ڴϣŸոշЩ顣
˵ʵ̫ӵڻûл
Ǯ壬ڵ̫ӡ
Լ֮ǰö˶˵Ĵڼ˯ôһ˯ٶǰС˯׹̫طiϡ
־ֿ֡
Ҫʱԭ̫ӵļ䣬ֺãŪĻᵱ
ҺʱӦ죬ڳ˺Ū˹ȥ
ҪȻ롣
ɲ̫ӵʲôôûܵͱȥֱ
ŹǮһ뵽Լ̫ӣֿʼֹסļ˷ܡ
ոע⵽ˣԭߵźŮǸˮƯ
Ҫǣļô̫ӣҲڵԼѾ˿ɲĹϵ
̲סԳ
ǮãԽҲһ¡
˵ûֻûеԣƯӣٻܡ
ڵأţĲС
ǮҲֻ֪ӵЩǰᣬڿź˵ƤӵɻأΪ̫طi
պҪסԼ̫֮λϵɹǻΪ۲С
̫ӵȫ䣬ҪɻȥǺܼ򵥵ġ
ԣ˵ʱ䣬Ҫ̫ӵм䣬Ȼ޷İ̫ӣ˲
ֻԭһС
һЩ̲סļѡ
ֻǼ֮£ǮΪ׹ĵĵطЩʹ
ֻܰ˼ԼȺúϢһе˵

գ±ƽ֪һЩ̫ĺ
ȱС̫࣬Ĺ±𣬰˰Ӳ˵ְλ
д󰢸磬ѵΪ죬ϵĲҲˡ
̫źūţûӹΪܷܷ
Ҳµ֮С
̫ӣ¾Ǵ󰢸Ϊʢŭ£󰢸϶ҲѲ˱ǣˡ
ԭΪ»ᵽΪֹʱȴӵ˻ӹڸ԰󰢸Ϣ
˵󸣽ӵ󰢸ܷϢֱӶ̥ˣһС񡣡
ѩżź˵ŸոմϢ
ѩ˵Ҫ˵󸣽Ҳùģ˲˵˸С
ҪµǸС磬һˣ˵˴󰢸Ĵ
ڿ󰢸޵˵ʵ̫ˡ
󸣽̥ˣ¾ȵ
󸣽һ̥пǸСԤϡ
û뵽󸣽ڹͻȻˡ
أ˵ûʲôĻ˳ѩص
ԣ΢΢˿
ûﻹãҪѲ󸣽Ҫһˡ
µϣ󸣽ܺúһ壬ҪƵĻˡ
걧̫ˡ
ο󸣽嶼ûȫƵĻУӰ
ʼҶϱõģټиһҪճӵɷš
ֱѩϼ˪
Щûϵ󰢸ޱͲ죬ϴѴ󸣽ѾǶˡ
ҪǣѾӻʹӹһʱգҪ١ѧϰﻹ˵ȥܱ˵顣
һιѲʱ°ܹһ㲻ҪĹǻһ㾭顣
ټ١Աţʲô飬˿
òģѯ١֣Ҳ١
˵١Ȼûʲôľ飬ڼҵʱȴ١ѧܼңȻ»ѧģ

ڴŮݺһɥشӼ߳
ѾιѹÿһΣѹɾ֮⡣
Ҳ֪ѹϲǹⲻģǵסһһεǰ
ҪǱˣ˵ˣڲš
ر²ѹ֮ھ͸Ӳˡ
ÿҹλ˯žʱһһضԼ˵ﶼѹģģѹ鲻۲Ǹ߳ѹһء
ΪʲôֻǸСڣ˼ȴ˹֮λ
һ룬ԽĲƽ⡣
ҲԽһһһεǰ
Ϊ˲ѹᣬȻչһ㶼Ǹô죬һˡ
ϧǣôΣѹȴһζûнӼ
һˡ
ʱǰȥǰһովɥʱһɨա
Աߵݺ˱飬Щ⡣
ֻ˳ڵĿȥǰһĻʱ˺
۾ʲôȻɫ¡
ǵľ֮ԱǴܹŹ
һĻֱ־ϲ
һָ̧˸޽ǵ㷢һ߶ݺСݺƣҽյױûʲôװɣ
ݺعæϸذڼױ
ƹ֮ݺŻصӷģӵױݺء
ԣ̲סǣߣǸϼȥ
ȸԾ飬βסĲ
ǣӡݺѹͷĸӦ
ˣͶһǰһķ
ȵ˾岽ľӯӯ˸ϰݼϣ򸣽𰲣
һŹֱĿ΢ɲ΢΢üͷ
ڼſڣ˵ʵĺܳϡ
ɡ˿
лϣѹԼȸԾ飬ԼڿǰֵĸһЩ
ſ¶һ֪ϰ˶ٴεЦݡ
һε檸ոհݼظģû뵽ȴ˻ϣˡ
˻һȴ΢΢ü
˲֪ȴ֪ڵݺѹ¼Уʲôɫʲôʵ顣
ʵһʼʱѡڳƣû뵽˴µġ
ֱ֮󣬲֪ҲǸֵ
ԣʵ޸Уֻͬһλɼƽϰˡ
ټڣȴûĳңŷһ
ֻǿû뵽ڶѹ֮󣬻ҹѹ
ѹ֪飬˵ɵ
ԣڴ˼ں󣬿
ᡰšһ֮󣬱ֱӴ˹ȥ
ûиһ񣬸ûһ˿˵˼
ֱûʩչӲܵء
龰˵ɵۣǸԱߵݺҲǾˡ
ˣˡ
Ͼôֱӹȥˣôее㲻һء
ŹҲǰЦ
̫߿ԼˣѹǰүԲ
㿴˿Ц˰ɣǻã֪ԼмＸء
ΪƾòڣԵү߲Ц
Ҫ˰ɡ


337 
˵Ժڣ֪Ȼ뵽ʲôһ٣ͣ
үŹҲæͣסţſ
תŹȥ׷ڣһ棬˵˵ģպԶѹ
ҪΪ޲֪ѹ飬պҪٸѹǰƣ˲
쳣˿ûиκε档
ɼڣ˼㡣
ҪȻҲ˵Ĳ档
ŹæӦ
֪үǰֲʲôá
ⲻӦ˰ɡ
ûûƤĶñү
ȴ˵ߺڵͺ
û뵽Ȼ˵˵Ĳ档
͸ûһʵЩˡ
ޱضݺǸϽȥɡ
ǡ
ݺ֪ԼӸոն϶Ҳ˵Ļ
ɼﻹĴ˼ֻ롣
ߵĲ߳һͷļơ
ſܻת⣬ǰ˽лȥ
ԣڻͷŹӼųķʱĶֱ
ֻһͷĻתˡ
ͼŹߵǰ
ܹܡЦؿڡ
Źһһߵūżڡ
Ȼλݵ΢ֱϲŹ
֪ܹǰΪ£
Źүūǰڴ仰
Ŷ΢΢мʧֻ仰Ϊǽȥء
֪Ǻλ
үūתһ䣬óպԶѹЩҲٵѹǰƣү˵ɵ飬ʲôʵĽɫѹȻȴĺܡ
˻һڣոϻЦݵڣάֲסˡ
ͷ־ֻš
ֻһϹȻʲô֪ʲô֪ˡ
Ź·𿴲Ѿŵɷɫһ㣬ү˵ڣǸ棬Ҫǻ֪ڸģ뿿ѹĻͲҪˡ
үĻūѾϣպΪ֮سǲ뿴үֶεġ
˵꣬ŹҲʲôӦʩһȻתȥ
ֱŹԶжĿ£ɫѿ
ҪԱݺţҪֱӵˡ
˺ûڲ૳ݺô죬Ѿ֪Ҷѹµˣô죿
ʱ˿̣ݺҲѾŵôľ
Ҳû뵽ŹתǷ˻ϵԼӵġ
˹Ȼ£˾Ҫе˷ֵΣպͺ
ڣԼӱʳˡ
Źһȥɡ
ǣӡݺæӦ

ڣͬ˵˼лֱӿʵܶͬڵĹϵǲǲ
΢΢һ׿ôȻڹϵĻ
ֱӵĻʲôʱڹϵˡ
ڵܳܵڿ죬Ѿˣһζûֱɴȥˡ
¶ԴûһڣͼӴף˵ʮ̹
ԣĵûɵóףҪȻ÷ˡ
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ڿֺȻ˵ڣǲ˵˿ڼⲻСˡ
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һߣֱӳһ죬ԲԶקǰȻȦԼС
ֻ΢䣬ü۴Цôʹˣ˵ܶԼûģ
˻һ̲סСһϻ˵ûڣ檿ϾǺˣڻأسҲû
˵գؽͷŤһߣһӡ
Щɵۡ
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ֻôдԩ͸Լ
ҪˣȵҪˣŹǰȥڣ˲
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ܶɲԩޣֲǲ֪޶ڿûʲô˼밡Ҫ˼ȵڣǰ
룬Ҳǹ
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˵ʵҪ֪һֱһӡĻոտ϶ҳԷɴס
ɱոЩ֤ҪŷĶˡ
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һᵽˡŮ˵µ족仰ĺ塣
ǰһ̻ڸԼһЦӯӯ仯Ҳ̫˵㡣
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̧ͷЦŵܶﱿˣܶһ㶼ܶء
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338 
߿¾ͽƽոտʱǲڵ顣
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Ϊ˵û˼Ǻƭأɿƣû˼
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Ϊµʱ˭֪ƽŵֻǺ֪뵽ʲôŹȥ׷ڣڸھ˵ʲôūžͲö֪ˡ
ˣô߻кѽ
ΪѾأû뵽
˵ʵ»ͦ棬Ź׷ڣ׸ʲô
ֻҪ֪Ҳֻȥʿڱˡ
ˣ֪ˣȥɡ
ƽߺֻһĻ
ڵӡȷʵǰ㣬ôá
ҪȻҲרԶŵڣԿء
˵ڿǸȽĻŮˡ

ȴ˵ŲڣӼصԼס
ֻһ뵽ŹЩ֡
ϣŵ˯ž
գֱӷ˸ȣһ
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οԸ̫ӣȻҪ󲻸ߡ
ֻҪ̫ӲԸʮ磬ҲʲôֻΪԱ
ʮЩС
˵ʵԴӹ֮һæµطСѵʱ䶼ˡ
ѾܾûСһúˣˡ
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һʱ䣬ʹҪúþġ
ȻʹˣͰѹ񽻻ȥ

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סȻߵԱߡ
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أȴó裬ǲ֪ʮİ磬ʲôʱ
̫صͼڼ֮ǰ㱻ȥ᲼ɳ̸УҪˡ
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339 
»عǴŹһ֮źúЪϢա
գٹȴӭһλ벻ˡ
ȴ½ӹġ
ڶɸ濵ͻ̫ȥ԰󣬹Ĺ䵽˻ϡ
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ʵҲĽ񽻻ȥ
ǰʱ䣬󰢸̫ͬӵ飬ѾÿŭͲϲ
ҪΪ飬˻ʹλǱòʧ
ο˴ٹѹ˼ġ
Ҳû뵽ôš
Ӧ˵ôͽĹ񽻳ΪôŶҪٵһʱ䣬ֱҲϲȥʱŻء
Ȼ˵깬飬ſڵãչһðæ
Ҳ֪ǰʱڳ԰󰢸Ϊ̫֮£ϳһ٣˲£̫ˣԼСĴˤģǼҴ󰢸ûʲôϵ˲ס
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ԣܲܰڻǰ󰢸˵ûãҲûӣϾ͸ҡ
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ƽûеõѵǰǰ޼ɵѲȰء
ڳһٿͷ֪Ƣˡ
ҪȻͷ۵ĿɾԼ̫үˡ
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ˣסϴϲɫ뷨̫ˡ̫ү˵ѹʢ裬϶ƴӣ˳պ򲻿¶޵顣
Ӧ˵ܣ˼ѹ֮󣬻ҪǰµĴ£ѹϿҵǸʾԼѾʶԼĴѹԭ£֪˿ɷ
˻һƽЩ¶ɫ
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ǸҲǸˡ
״סæ֪¹Ϊѣʱ̫ү˵ˣշպϴλ˻ûбĻ᣿ʱѹĸӵԲǱ⣬ǹһ仰顣
ѡͷҲΪڻǰ¸ӡΪպĴ룬ίкܲõģ
ԣƽֻҧҧһá
ҲʼԼɣѹͷǸֻΪ̫ӵĴƲѶΪ֮պ̫ӵǻͿüˡ
һ룬ƽԺһЩ
ס˵ƽˣҲźݺһ


340 
󣬵סֽ̫ӷԸһ˵˳
̫ӻһҪūŽˣպкʻĻϣܶ͵ӴӴ˵Ĺϵ
ƽ΢΢һ㶡
ǼΪΣѾʧ˺ܾ𣿡
֮ǰԸ͵ӴԸֺŵΪʱȽܳ裬ڻǰҲ˵ϻ
ɵʲô㱻Ҳ֪Դʧ󣬳˿һλʲôǡ
ﻹҪãԼҲڣίء
סڽ͵ֻ̫ӵķԸˣ̫Ĵ㡣
˵ڿʲôûУϥµ׻мλС񣬻İ磬ʹҪȥˣİ˵ͻصʱ򣬵õŵĵطˡ
ԣƽЩ̫ӵĴˡ
ڱȽ곤ֳɵļλ磬ôλ
󰢸ж֮ģ̫Ӳ̣һֻ֪ѧϰ¡
̫뽻õİվߣҲпܵġ
֮ǰ͵ϵҪõĻǱȽ׵ġ
ƽӦ֪ˡ
ס˵̫ӽ飬ֱӴظ

ȴ˵ƽڵסߺ󣬲ûȥ԰һ̫ӽĻ
Դӱ㣬տʼʱƽ˻ͻˤˤ
ɵȷһʱŭ𣬵Ϊٳûн㣬ɾûžúԼǰΪ
벻ҪһһҲʼƽҲǰǰ³çƺˡ
࣬ƽ˶ԶǾͲȥ԰ˣȥ͹תתɣҿǺþûλˣúء
˵ţƽȻһЦ¶һζЦݡ
ǧټƵѹǸλý㣬ѲĹϵ
һ㣬ǻ˺ܾõʱ䣬ء

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ӵ˵ƽ˻ݼʱ򣬵һ
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һʱ䣬е벻ƽ˴⡣
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οƽ˻̫ӵĸ壬ȴֻǸ޳λڸƽ˺̫ӴùϵǺбҪġ
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֮󣬵˵ƽ˱󣬹﷢һЩ顣
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˵Щ飬ƽ֮ǰʱ򣬾ѾӹõϢ´ӵ˵ǺΪ򱧲ƽ
ǽҲ̫ùˣүô˶ԴأôŽ㶼Ϊʼ˺üãү˲棬˾ء
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ûǰ̫ӽ˺üΣ̫ӳŪѹġ
û뵽ڵ뷨ȴͬˡ

ƽһߣ̲סߵĵƽ˾һ⣬ǰ˲٣ȻôˣҲ֮ǰúŪ
ҲΪͬūҲˣƽ˿ɱǰסǰûۡ
ǰޱƽ˶ˣպҪСŵˡ̾
ǣ֪ǲƽ˺̫ߡ
̫ڿжҪںô꣬ĿáǿԴİ磬粻һ
ǵ˵ѹڵó裬̫ǰҲҪһ֮ء
ϾһһĸҪԶ׼顣
Ǻ̫ͨӣѹ
˵ʵǺ뿴λϵġ
ǲ֪λ̫ӵ£ԸԸѹˡ


341 
ƽ˴͹֮󣬱öһع칬ڵ飬̫һ
̫Ϊڶ飬֮ӵסе֪顣
˵ʵ̫֪ΪɣѹҲǾþû
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Ķɼˣ׷ʵ
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Ӧ飬ʹˣʲôεĵط
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οҪǵΪĻֶΣ϶ڵʱѾɾʲôѱ
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ģҲֻЩˡ
ӦҲֻܿӦ˵ǿպûµˮ档
ƽϽӦܵūŶˡ
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Ҫ˵ƽǰжô裬ںĿã˾֪顣
ڵƽȴˣƣƽ׽ˣûǰֺ˴¸˸ת䡣
ЩЩʶƽһ㡣
ˣŻ̫棬ƽ˻³ϿҵĵǸ˵ʲôǰĲԣѾʶԼĴϣ´˴ԭһء
˾ô죬ѵ˵ԭ£ֻЦ˵ԭ¡
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Ҳ֪ƽ˿϶ǹģҪԭ£ΪβԵŵлҪѡֳϣŻ̫ɵ˵Щ
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ԼպһҪԶЩƽˡ
ǰûͷûԣöԸ㣬ڿģǱ˲٣Ѳء
οƽ˱һλ̫ӣųıߣǸʤ
뵽һ㣬Ӳ˸ֻǶ֮
վλϣܿܿˡ
ʱܿʮ£һһ죬ҹ˳ĸоҪϰӡ
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ңе벻ƽ˽󣬾͸ߵ֮Լ˼̫ڱġ
Ҫǰ߻ãҪǺߵĻɾѰˡ
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ٻ̫һģѡֱº֣İɱҡС
İͻôСûԱʲô
һʱ䣬¿Ƿˣһ˽Ҷѵĸо
̫ʹˡ
ʵ޵ѻʹһעŵİİȫ
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ʹֵ˼ףֻǱⲡﻹúá
ûŵù̫ҽúƹЩȻû˵Ҳ޵İʾҲֻӰˡ
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ԣ١ҲȰֻ΢΢̾˿
Լʵ̫ðˣһŲĻϡ
Ҫںúþٻ꣬Ҳûпܵ顣

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ڽӵϢ֮󣬱ǰȥǬ̽
Ȼʹ壬֮ǰˡ
´Żʹ²ûڳǬයֻ򵥵ĸʹ˵仰ͺܿˡ
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١Ȼû˵»Ǵ̾ϢУоʹĲֹۡ
һ¸ˡ
ĻʹĲ飬Ļʹ˴ĳŲȥİ䵽ϡ
ĵİ磬ﵽԼĳЩĿġ
Уƽ˺̫ߵͦ᲻İ粻
£һĴӳǬڳǬſǰʹĿ
ι̫ҽԺĺüλ̫ҽȻ˴ʱӦ鷿İһ
İʮһ꣬Ѿ˼С˵ģ
̲ס̾Ժİ
ܶôˣһ΢΢ڸ£һ߿ڵ
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Ҳ֪¸ʹĹϵһ򲻴ĻʹĲ飬ҲȻ顣
ָ֮˵˼йڻʹ飬ŴߴϽȥ
ȴδٸſһǬ
һʹʲô뵥˵Աߣײʡ


342 
ʹأҪ˵˵˭ǿ϶͹ĵĪ
Ͳûʹ˴ֱһغĻİͿջصߡ
ڵ쳣ʱƽȴˡ
Ǻ䣬ƽֱ˵ʹص飿
һȻ΢΢˵ͷѾ˵ˡ
ȴ©ֺȻǲƽ˿˼
״ƽȴЦŵÿҪȹϲ㣬Ҳͷʱʹһȥİܻˡ
һȻʲôɹϲģƽ˵һҪԡ˵ʹţİҲǱİ磬ЩպƽÿҪ˵ˡ
˻ƽ̲סֱƲ죬ĵ⻰Ҳƭɡ
ʹţҲİ磬ʹҪţӽİ磬Źء
ƽԴ˻Щ֮ԱǣЦӯӯ˵ǣֻлʹмţӰİ֮ĸ֮飬˵ǲǣ
˻һɫȻղǰӲˡ
״ƽ˼Ҳö죬ڻʹأǽĴûᡣ
ʱ˵ˣүոմ˺üҽǰȥǬʹһҪʹκõļơ
ͬ㽻ãܹŽ㣬ŽúãŹѽһ䣬Ļɲ࣬һûʹΰ˹ȥǶԽ˵ɲʲô飬պҪôõĻᣬɾˡ
ƽ˿ģһΪеϧģ·Ϊһ㡣
ԣΪһ²ؼүĻʹĲ飬ҲӦ顣ôţҲ١ҵˣҲүıãοڹүôꡣ
ƽ˵Ļֱ˶硣
ƽ˼Լ˵ӵĻ֮󣬻ǲΪҲмٺڨڨ
˵ʵ˴ιȷʵ̽һµԻʹһµ̬ȣû뵽Ȼ˳ס
Լǰһڷ綼¶ҲͰˣȻֳһΪʹģƽ˲㶼Ҫˡ
֪αû뵽Ȼαز
ŸȵĲˣʵأһֱء
˵ֲȥܡ
ǰʵ̫ɵˣһֱѵɺţ˭֪˼Ҹֻˡ

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˵ʵȻƽ˵Ļм֮ӣЩ˵ûмֵġ
ʹ˴βأ˵ȷʵǸõĻᡣ
ӡǰѾĲˮ»һյ
˵ʹͦùȥ𣿡ͻȻġ
⡭ԥ˵ãƽ˸ող˵ү˼̫ҽԺҽʥֹȥ𣬻ʹȻڣһʱģӦòʲôɡ
󵽵ܲͦȥ治˵Ҫܰȥ죬ϣġЩȷ
˵ʵҲܲµһԼӵ˼
ƽ˸ոո˵ʹҪûˣİ˵ܻصԼˡ
͵̾ƽȻ˵Щ֮ӣо仰Ҳû˵ȷʵǱһλᣬҪĴˣеϧˡ
˻һԵ̲סͷһ
ӣ΢΢ıƽ˵˰ɣū˵ƽ˴˾٣ɲΪ롣
ôôǱſֵ˼ĶԼӷġ
֪ĵġ
ƽ˴˴νȻô࣬Щ˼ǰǲزסġ
ͱոչƻԻʹֵЩͲдˡ
ΪΡЩ⡣
͵̾˿Ҳ֪Щ鲻Ϊ̫İصˡ
ԣ֪鲻ΪĴ룬һԡ
ֻҪʹȥˣİܻˡ
οͷҲѾһˣĲƽ仰״ġ
ˣģɲ³ç֮ˣ϶ںްյ£ѡֵġ
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ԼСģ˼ܣ϶û·ûо԰յʱжġ
˵ʹ˴β鵽Σǻ֪أҲǶ֣ʹԼȳŲסˡЦſοĵ
ԣҲЦ
һūôû뵽ءүˣػʹڵĲ鲻ֹۡ
ǰҪ飬ȴһ»ʹĲ飬̫ҽԺ̫ҽô˵Ҳ١
ūھȥһϲ
ȴֹǵãҲż飬ȥⷿѡƥϺõĳ£ȸİ׶³У׼һЩɰӺ
˵˴΢΢˶٣˼Ƭֵ̺ţЬҲһ˰ɣһʱʹ岻ʣҲϾ˼Щ¡ΪİĶȴװҪΪЩС
ĻҲԵ쳣ˡ
ܵʹһǬǱæҵģȷʵЩ˲İ硣ūھȥ׼
΢΢˵ͷ
뿪ϵЦʱʧӰ٣ĿҲİ

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¼ɫǺܺãһӣǿһ£һ˿õԤС
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΢΢˵ͷǲ̫ãԺ˵ʹ;ƿ֮࣬ҲǿŰˡ
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˵֮ǰѾйõĲ²⣬ֻĲ²⣬ϣⲻġ
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١Ѿ֪Լ״
صڻûи߻ʹʵ飬Ҳû̫ҽ˵ʵֻ˵úóҩúš
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˵ʹΪıãںô꣬Ҫ˵һ鶼ûУǿ϶ǲܵ顣
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ϵĲյһֶ֮µ֪ʹпʱ޶и뷨һֱò⣿
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˻һ¶ʱסˡ
룬˿˼
λʺ󣬺Ϻť»ϡ
˻Ķãȥˡ
رť»ϣʮʽʺʮȥˣֻ˶̶̰Ļʺ֮λ
ǺϣںλʱҲֻа࣬Բǰ󹬶Կޡ
˵Щ˽ĴģΪʵۣûһš
Ӧñǿĵ֮
ȻҲ˵ܺ»ʹ˶
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һ£ҲҰſˡ
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²֪ʷϿʹΪʺΪʹˣ֣˳ϲûʹ
ֻԸΥʹûгסֱûˡ
ԣֱӵô飬檿ɰò⣬ϻԼɣ檾ͲŲˡ
ǰŻ˵⣬žһƶֱӵľܾЩ̿
̲סЦոջ˵ţô˵ˣܾıӻ죬ǲ֪˵ʲôá
¸Ͻ͵¿ɲԹ檣û˵֮ǰ֪˴鰡˵֮󣬳檵ȻҺҷˡ
㻹㡣̲סҡͷʧЦ
ΪʹԺһЩ


343 
˵ʹΪʺ֮󣬱û˺
²֪ĵ׵ʵ뷨Ҳöȥʡ
ܿʮѮڼشգһǰڣһǻ̫ʥٽڡ
µһβٰ£Ȼط˽⡣
ڹť»ϱȽо飬±ȫȨ˹ٰ죬Աһ߸ѧϰ飬һϡ
Դˣûʲô
Ͼ¶ֳӵ飬˭ҲӶ࣬ǲǡ

ʱĿ̣Ѻˡ
ʱ͹߳ӰһǵصĹ̫
ֻ͸С̫࣬һһĹҵĴڵҹɫŰ
ȵ˰ƣۼˣֱİסԺȥˡ
ڣȼյƻİͬС˰ĶϣԲԶǸոճҹɫ
ֻһ߽Լһһ򿪣һ߿ڵ˵ʹӲʣҲһܹ˵ү
ۼ٣ʮֵүԼԶΪү˼׶Ь࣬ū͹ⲻƼүΪѣū˹
˵䣬ͽˡ
ϸܡµĶЬ࣬İǰ
İû˵ֻ΢΢ŴǰϵĶ¡
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ڴû＾·
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ѥӣҲЩϽˡ
İֻǶ·˵ֻܼﻹкö׵ĸֺɰңҲΪүƵġ
ʱ˵ˣү󴩲·ң˵ʲôȴֹһƬĸ֮ģЩġ
ﻹ˵үܿ࣬ҪȻĲ
ԣİ۵ϣһ˿ݡ
ʱ򣬻뵽ѾǺˡ
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Ϊʱ˵ˣİڶж׽ֻҪ˵İ¶Ǻ¡
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ڻʹصڣİֻҪܾ˵ų͹ߡ
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οڵĿģҲֻİǰˢһºøУܽסİ磬Ϊ֮İĸȨ׼
ԣİʲô̬ȣֻҪ˶ɿİ͹̬ȡ
æӦģӦģ˵үʲôҪֻȥ˵һá
á
İÿճȥ鷿֮⣬ǵǬʹ̼
١ֵĳݣԼҺ̬У΢΢ʶ˴βпܰȥ
ʱΪʹӵ֪úȥδӡ
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οĻʼϣĸһֱǵǻʹ
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ƻ£İ翴ĶЬ࣬Ҳм޴롣
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˵ȻΪİ˵ʲôҲΪԼ·ء
֪ȥ·ͬ⣬ССͱĻ治ġ

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ѡһ֮󣬱˹Ĳ
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ΪҪ˻ʺ޸İİΪӡ
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١ֵشȷʵҪúãǱǲҲҪȥţǵ
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ֻǴ󣬻ҪԼİ


344 
´ӳǬصٹ֮󣬱˳˼
˵ʵ֪ʹΪλ뷨
ȴ֪İʷϲûмڻʹ£һֱڵ¡
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Ҳֻܾʱ䣬ȥγǬͬʹ˵ϼ俪Ļˡ

һʣƣ̫ҫŴأɢů⡣
³ʱ䣬طСѳй䡣
ûʲôȥ԰Ȼѡ
ʰ׵һ˵԰±ط
Сһ·Ѿȵ㲻ôԱ߷ţҲ߳Զ
ΪûСһһأЩ˷ܣСȣֵͬҰߵ÷ɿ졣
Ӧ˵ܵ÷ɿŶԡ
ﻹ˷ܵʱʱɤӡ
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Ϊˣڳǰ»רŴ˸ŵЬûдס
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ʱڣ԰˵һٻʢ԰ﻹвʢĻ
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һĻȻǵøԱߵѩȹ̿
˵ʵԼСǰĲһãСӺ֣ûһӡ
ȻҲ֪СӷʱҲء
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347 
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ūż֮£ձ㽫ߵĴŮ֥˹һ֥֮ʲôˣū֪ûԩµģ
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١Խ˵ԽʹģǺ޲ýһ㡣
١ֵЩһڣ־ŭ
ټ١ֵģ޵ķʸʮѾ֡
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ںԺء١ֻش
˴˵ţ˶٣ֵ̫ҽ
ԱߵŹӦ
֮ŹæԸǰ̫ȥԺˣ˳̫ҽ
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348 
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˵˴ʹ΢΢̾˿Ҳû뵽û˼޳檣Ϊ檵İ籧õԹ
æڿοʹԹ㣬Ҫİ罻㸧ģкιϵ
˵ʱֻǸˣȨ硣
ʹȴȻ˵ɵúλλҲûİ绹ԹҲӦõġ
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⻰֪̽٣˵֥̽ʲô顣
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λ̫ҽڵĺɰңһһһ飬ֻԽλ̫ҽɫԽ
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349 
ȫϣ̫ҽǰһԿ΢ոպǮ̫ҽһЩɰңÿɰж˶кϺҩҷᣬʱŵĻž޴˺
˻һʱȵصɴ۾һŵģ
ֻںɰЩ΢ҩô˷ᡢȴž޴˺ҩء
ԣһǻʹһǻʹ˵ĶԴݺ
ǵģһġ
үԩԩ
϶Ҫݺ檣İĺݣҲֺ˵ĶԼ
үһҪų檣Ϊһʼ޵ΪԼԩ
ȡȡʱڿߵĻʹͻȻҵؿһӴ˵ĺԩĿⶼ˹ȥ
ʹһǵؿڡ
ӣ١ָæǰʹź󱳣һЩ
Դ˰޲ѡ
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ʱѪˣΪҪʹѵݺ𣡡
Ц١ЦҼӻݺ㣬Ǹ߿Լ
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ԣĿͬԶ֥ϡ
̲ס١⻰ʲô˼ʲô֥ˡ
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ϴԵĺºͿ־壬пĿӣū澲ǹģūҲģǱū˵ģǱū˵ġ
龰һֲõԤС
ԭΪ֥гһЩԼĳ̶ȣҲֻ˵һЩҪȷµ飬һʱ䡣
ɸոտ֥ı飬Ͳôһ¡
ſԩүҪų檣ԩģ
ŵΪԼԩʢԩ㲻ǿڿ˵Լԩ˵Ҫ֤𣬺ã޾ͳȫ㣡
˻һʱһֲõԤС
ˣ
ūڣŹæӦǰ
ѵĹ˶ްˣһһȥʣ

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Ȼ֪Źȥʣ֪ǶԼĵģҲסܲס̣¶һ˿й顣
ԣŹ֡
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⻰˵м٣ٻȻԹ˵顣
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ֻȴڵϵĵֱ⣬·ֳûһ㡣
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350 
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ԣʱ飬Ƚ־ţһֺµ
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˵գŹתֻ󰧺ֹĵ


351 
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ӦĻˡ

Ǭ
ʹո˯ѣͼ١һϲɫǰӣˣүոݶţΪӦּ⡣
ԣʹһٶô죿
û뵽飬ô˾ϣΪԵ²ء
û뵽ϲ֮죡
١Цŵ˭˵أūû뵽ô졣
֮ǰʱūүԵݲʱʱ䣬ŸǱ̫һ飬˭֪ԵĴǲǾͱˡ
ʹҲһǰҲǺˡڿǱˣô飬үҲɡ
Ҫǵλλ񣬾֮ǰµЩ飬ģֻǽΪӦǱ
˭˵أҪǻүŲء
˵ʵҪǵΪʼ˺üã϶
ںôסһֻǱΪ˴ӦǲĽ֡
Щ飬Ժó裬ҲЩѵġ
ǻΪһֻ̣Ҫ϶ͻЩõ顣
ʹҲãû˵֮ǣǾͿ԰ռƻ֮顣
ԣ١ȴӿѾˣʺ֮λ֮ǰ˺þõ飬ۿóԸ˾׷ĻЩòʧ
ʹҡҡͷ־ͲҪȰˣû¶ģҺο˷ؽΪİصܿࡣ
״١ֻ̾
Լӵľ֮ǰѾȰ˵ֻǻʹԼ뷨ҲټȰ˵


ɳЦڴ
û뵽Ҳн죬Ȼ硣ôסλһλϵãֱӱΪĩȵĴӦֱģ
˵ִ꣬һɵ⳩Ц
˵ʵԴӱ󣬴ûˣ㿪ġ
ƱںӱвʪЬ˱Ӧ
Դ֪ѹ飬ǵڱ֮ûһ첻ŵù
ΪҲ֤֤ԼֻǸλסѹ͸©һϢ֮⣬ɸڵǰ¶һ˿һ
ĳĵѡԸ߶֡
һ֣ԵļƺֶΣܳܵסġ
ԣֻ̡
ںˣڲˣڵĴȻ磬ֻǸĩȵĴӦ
ϥΨһʮ񣬶ȥӴ⹬︧
ɼڵ˺ģȻ涼
ģױɸ˹ͻȻڷԸ
һ㶣Ҫȥ͹𣿡
Ϊۼǣȥ͹һ
Ͼ֮ǰʱԼΪûί
Ҫȥٹ̫Ǳߣ㲻ҪˣŸڻ̫Ǳء
ԣıɵ⡣
ǷŵʹԼӵһף»̫үǰء
ϾǾŸĶһܣŸΪŮ϶Ӳ϶̫飬û̫ˡ
ڹȥٹҪ˵·Ա֮
ȥ͹ȥȥ鲻ܵ飬žŸǱ߻ûӦҪúһ»̫С
˵Ż΢ЦôҲڲס
Ҳ˵˵ǡ


352 

İ鷿󣬱ʢе֪˵ΪʹΪӦ顣
ȻҲ֪ߺ󣬻ʹȡ˵֮ǰ͵͵Щºͺɰҡ
İ˴ȻΡ
˵ּʹУûᵽζʹϸڣİ绹ǴЩ˿Уһࡣ
֮İʱʹ֮С
Ҫûнܺʹ¶ЩʶĲǲǾͲ񻯵֮졣
е¶Ϊ˺ģѵûԼġ
˾٣ֻΪ˳ȥʶ
¶ѵ֪ģڻʶ̧ͷ޷Դ
ʵ벻ףΪ˺ġ
ΪİḶ̌ʢҲɵӣȻҲͨһ硣
İΪܲѣʢæڿοү뿪ЩⲻĴʹﲻġ
֪İ
ʶǲԼСģĻʶﲡء
ߣȥǬʶȥİһ˵Żһ
ʢæӦ

Ƿ̫ӻصع칬֮󣬱ӵƽ˴ĻȻŭɶ
̫Ҳû뵽ֻյĹ򣬵ΪʹֱӷϵλΪ͵ȵĴӦ
ֱӴһֲŵ֡
˵˵ʲôã
ֱǰװ˷Ѫ
̫ȥ֮Ź°ͣ˼Ŵ»ûвȵĴʩ
һȦҲû
ƽˣл˵
ϾƽĸΪ˵֮飬쾭塣
ҪܵǰĪΪ˵飬ɾеĪˡ
˵пĻɣΪͼ
ǣֲ̫Ը׷ӡ
ȻѾϵˡ
λôҲӺĸôǺܴġ
УʷϵĵбλΪӦ治ر
ʷϿĺ֮£֪֮١
ѹˣڶûŪء
˭֪һʹΪӦ顣
Ȧˡ
̫ȴ֪ڻܶ
ȻֻǸӦʵȴһһʮİ磬˵¸ˡ
̫һȦ֮󣬱Եס֪ͨһƽˣһ͹Ȼúÿοһ˵йڣõҪ٣պ϶ָǰٻǺлĻҲ
ԣסһסˡ
˵ʵһֱ֪ԼҵƽͬãǱõ˼
ǣڵΪ˴ӦȻûüֵԼҵ¾ȻԵûз
ֱš
ѵڵǺҪġ
ҪȻԼҵΪζԵò˵Űڻء
Ȼ˵ʲôպ
һʱ䣬סЩ̫ӵͼˡ
һ㶼ȥ
˵ʵ֪̫ӵ˼֮ƽ˱ȵס벻ء
֮ǰʱȻʧ裬ôиλţ̫£Ҳ˵ùȥ
ڵʲôʲôûУλ˲˵ֻǸĩȴӦ
Ҫǣ˿ﻹһ˿õļֵ
ƽʵڿ̫ӵ˼
̫ӼȻ˻ȥҲȥ
ˣҪǰǰ㣬ԵЦ棬ϸ
̫Ϊˡ

йڵʹΪӦϢܿں󹬴ˡ
ɽӵϢ˵ʵһĲš
˭ǿڽ֮һΪѹ˸ͷʧ֮⣬Ǵûʧֹ
οڻǱֱһߣףΪĩȵĴӦ
ֱ˲š
ƫƫͷˡ
Сť»ϵе׼
Ͼ֮ǰѰҶʧĴŮš
ʱܺҪԸҪȻĴŮԵ޹ʵĶʧ
ֻû뵽ǻʹֶԸҲû뵽ʧƵô졣
ߴŮˣǱ߽ž͵̨ˡ
ҿ˿û棬ֱӱΪ˴Ӧ
ɶ硣
Ҳǣ˼磬֮ǰ϶Ҫúһȥ
ɵУֻһİ磬ڻʹϥţŸڻ̫š
ʣһʮֱȥˡ
ټϵó裬ǿпˡ
ʵãÿ˶Ե飬ҲΪʹء
ɵֲ̫һ
һȻݺѹǸû˵˼ѹ˿
ºͺú󣬸ֱӲ
ͬʹѾˣֶɲ
ֻ˵ǻͷˡ
һ㲻ͬˣ˭֪ݶ˽û£Ҳֻ⵽Ӧˡ
ڹﲻ֪жֳƿء
Լһ
ǰʱҲûڵϳԹһп˵Ŀ
Եʧƣ˭ء
Ļ˾֮⣬ȴûжٸо
ЩôһʱƣЩˡ
ڵΪӦϵ
Ƕɺ;ɣ˵ЩѾó裬Ϊλһ£Щ˳
ڵһʧƣ˻ͦˡ
رǶɣԴӸʮ֮յĵµȻʮԼ
ںˣΪ˴ӦڴһպҲ˯Ⱦˡ
λµɣڵȻеֻе꣬еΪеϧ
ϾòλȴΪ˴ӦЩ˻ء
Ǻôǹ˳ڣûб񣬿ɲǱȵڵľҪõö
պӣ˵ǹ̹ء
һ룬ƽ˲١

͹Ժƫ
ϣŲƽˣüͷƽΣ
ڵλݣֻǸӦӦҪƽġ
ǵմλΪӦһʱܲȻԸǰԼλݵ͵ƽ˼
ƽ֪ԼĿģͬոʧƵĵһʶ
ƽ˵Ѿ˵ˣιҲǷ̫֮ġ
˵˴µᣬæ͵ģÿɲЦģף϶Ǳݺġ
ԣʱȲѡ
ԭΪԼ̫ƽ֮䣬ֻǻáԼʧƣѾûüֵ̫ӿ϶Ҫģôƽš
̫ģмֲŵ
ǵġƽ˵˵ͷģѾ䵽ز̫˵Ҳģʱ̫ø仰˵֮лĻүǰġ󲻳ɣ̫˵һλҲýָǰٻֻܷıǡ
˻һӲˡ
˵ʵе㲻̫Ӷġ
Ͼܺ硣Ѿ䵽ֵزʵûʲôƵİ
̫Ϊλء
õʵЩ벻ס
뵽ԼĴ־Լǲˡ
˵Ŀģмֲƽ˵Ļ
ƽæȻģûܺƭ㲻ɣ˵ʵദôã˵ʲôӣؽúܡ
Ҳԡ
ƽڵ飬ȷʵ˵ٻҲ˵̫ûзһѡ
һ룬Щѡ
ھ䵽أֻҪȵ̫պǻӣ϶Ҳѹ˲
ʱ޾֮·ĸо
ڵӣҲûôѰˡ
һллûŹңûһһš
㲻˿ùӦõġģպʲôȱʲôֻ˹ñãֻҪеģԲ˽ġ
á˵
˵ʵʧ֮Ϣˡ


353 
պ˳Ǭ
ʹ忴ű֮ǰ磬ڴϣɫ㲲ϸѪɫȫޡ
ףʹѾŲ̫ˡ
΢ֱ֮⣺ýչһһ½㣿
˵
ŵһ½㣬֥ʱû˵ЩйӦ飬Ӧ
ʹû뵽һڣȻʵǴ£ΪҪйԼء
֥ȷʵнӦ飬˵ڱĹ
ԣ¶һȻ˵ı飺лл֪ô¡
˵ֻǽΪӦǱˡ
ʹÿֻû뵽ʱȥôãûǹŴ¡
ཻ̾һöӦһֱĴǣҲ˺þãֻû鵽ʲôõˡҪŴӦʧƣõڻ֪ء
ʹû뵽鶼ѾȥˣѹȻڱӦ򣬵ҲǸġ
ҲԼȥˣƾĹϵֻҪѹڣҲί١
ҲͰˡ
ʱʹֿڵһ£ÿ֪ܲڳ԰ɶݺһ£Ҳڱıġ
µлл֪ʵ飬֮ǰʱ򣬾ѾЩ²⣬ŴӦڱˡ
Ŷֵʹˡ
ѹȻͻɴΪ⵹ЩʹԤϡ
½͵֮ǰżһΣ׿ڸ֪ôµġ
ԭˡʹȻ
Ϊǰ֮һֲɵΪˣԴҲӦõġ
ˣһ£ûûʹ㣬ΪλͻȻֶԸŴӦѵֻΪ㣬ǽ뷨
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²²Ǿû޸Ļʼİǵ𣿡
ʹ΢΢˵ͷ
òµòҪȻҲŴͻȻԵֻ֮֡󣬻Ҫйڴµʱð˵仰
ģֻҪÿ϶Žġ
ǻʹ뻻ĽȻ᲻İæ
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ʱ򣬻֪ô£ȻŷӶԸİء
ô١Ҽǿڳеǲ̫
Ҫİļǵ˻ʹ£١ҿ϶᲻ıİ硣
һ룬ԷһЩ

һգǬʹ
ղಡ齣սݵĻʹÿв̡
ʱʹڵһ磿
һ磬˵ĹϵһЩ˵Ҳÿ뵽˻ʹսǻᣬʱ˳ƺ
ֻǺΪһЩ飬ʹеԽˡ
֮ĹϵҲࡣ
ʹغǬһЩ
ʲô飬˵ɣֻҪõһá
ҲĻ̫ҽѾΪĶʹѾûжʱտɻ
ԣʹֻҪ̫Ϊѵ飬϶ᾡ㡣
ʹһЦȻ˵ǳ檾Ͷ˵ˡ˵һֱų檣ɳҲܸоԼѾʱ޶࣬ҲֻڰӰˡ
˻һĬˡ
̫ҽһֱƭʹҲûʹ˲Ծ
ʹ檲ȴΨһĲµģǳİ硣
æ֤÷ģ޻úչİġ
ʹȴ΢΢ҡҡͷ֪úչæôչҲ޵ġ˵İ粻ǳģһģ檲ܲΪ롣
ңһˣΪ˶Ը檣İôСһˣһƽȥҪǳȥˣΪԼͼ壬֪ôİء
ԣ֮磬İĵ¡ĻϾİ磬Ҳ˳ˡ
˻һʱסˡ
ȷʵû뵽ʹľȻһ顣
ԣһΪ
޸İĻʼǵʹ£һС£ټϻʹݡ
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֪ʹ
һȴһʵѹģ
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ʹʱҲҪö죬ǰù檰İĻʼ˵ˣŽΪ˵˳ûȰ˵檺úһ룬Ҫ̫
ԣˣǱüȻ֪£ȴİǵԼ¡
Ҫǻʹ֮ǰ֪Ϊ뷨޸İҲͰˡ
ô֪֮󣬻֮ǰǰ뷨ء
ѵڻʹİȻʺ֮λҪҪɡ
˵ʵʵЩ벻׻ʹʱ˼
ǵãʹǰ飬ǻʺ֮λ
ֻһֱйǣûд뷨ˣ
ôڻʹóԸʱȴַء
ѵֻ֪Ҫİǵ£Ͳ
ǵġʹն֪ΪʺҲֻ֪ѡһɳ檻뽫İǵ£пܲӦ´£檻ڱһԡ
Ƶ檲İһΪĶܲΪİպ룬Ȼڳȥ֮ڱָָ㣬á
仰˵˻ʹİһµļ֡
һԽͷˡ
˵ʺ֮λ飬ûʹ˽İǵµ뷨
˭֪ʹ֪˴£ȴǲҪλѡİǵԼ¡
ÿЩ֪ΰˡ
һ̫ӺͳãһİͲصĻʹΪѡ


354 
ӳǬûлǬ幬ֱٹ
ڼ֮󿪿ʣǴĶôɫ̫ã
մӳǬǱ߳˵ŻϵĲյһڣֵûʲô˵
뵽ɫ˼²⵽ǻʹѾԼ޸İ飬ˡ
鲻á
˹ؿڣ١ǽԼİ飬˵ˡ
˵ͷмԩȻ֪£ôҲ˵һ
Ҳи׼ڣһֲ
µƻ˵ģ١Լ飬˵ôһ
ԣһҲǡ
ȷʵǻʹ飬¸˵Ҳе㲻ʡ
˵Ҳǡ
̬ȺˣҲʵҲȰ١㣬ٺúÿǿǡ֮ǰΪ˵ˣ١ͷ
⻰˵ľһһˡ
˵ʵȻʹΪ˵ˣȴûȰ˵ͷ
ǡ෴Ͳİǵʹ£պİǻǵҲɻ̫ˡ
Ǳ˭İ粻ǵĶء
Ѿʹ˵˴¡̾
ʵǱʹ飬ˡ
״±Ѿ֪ˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊ̫룬̲ס˵̫ǲԭλɲ˵ŪλǸðƻ
˵ʵҲ̫ͦӵģȥôˣȻûÿ˿ɹҲǸˡ
ɼλ̫ȫļ䡣
о仰Ҫ˵ȷʵҪΪİһ룬ڵĴɲһΡ١ڵʱ򻹺ãһȥˣôһλΪĶİָԴϿԳ檾ã١ĹǶԵġ
УϿɲֹ̫һ硣˵綼Ȳ̫ӣŴӦǸʲôˣɱ˭١㲻ˣֹŴӦİ磬ǻϵĶӣɲذİư
˻һʱЩ̲ס𣡡
ۼҪ¸ϽȻˣⲻ»æ벻һ㣬һ𡣻ϿǧȥҲ֪治סȻʲô˵ʲô
ԣ΢΢һЩ
ʵҲ֪Լƫ̫ӣϲΪ̫룬ⲻ硣
رǼѾɵİ硣
İ飬ȷʵǸͦε飬ҲİڵĴЩѡ
Ȼʹһȥˣ˵мӾƣ˵ù˸ӿİ硣
˼
׳檵˼̲סٴοʵ
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˵ʵɲھ͸̫Ӷϡ
˭֪ӿħеİһ˵Ȳһ̫ӡ
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ΪˣŻͷ۲ѡ
Ҫǻʹúõģ飬϶һӦ
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Ҳ֪飬ܱƵ̫ˣҪȻֻ෴á
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һȻȷʵҪȥúһ룬Ͼô飬϶ܲˡ
΢΢˵ͷҲȷʵˡ
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»ѩطСѱ˹
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߻ʹһѾ˵ˣֻǽΣҪþ
Ҳֻܵȴˡ
ѩߺ١ֿڿοʹү˵ῼֻܷſıǡٲãүӦӵﴦΣ϶Ҳӻʺ֮λġ
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ֻ˻ʺΣѾûмպû˻ʺҲܲ˼졣
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ֻǣ뷨Ҳûã󻹵ÿľ
Ҳá

峿ٹ̫밲
лҳ󣬿ңȻ󽫻ʹ޸İǵԼµ飬һԵ̫ͬ˵ˡ
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΢΢˵ͷ֪ǻʹĻǽİǵ¡
Ըʺ֮λ̫вȷ
ֵ˵ͷǵģʹ˼
̫ʱ֪οˡ
ʶӦ֪ϵ飬İӰ쵽̫Ϊİ룬϶ǲİˡ
οϻǽİ֣֮ĻʹҪǻİ£Ҳİ޷Դ
ԣ̫΢ͷʵ˼ǵȫİ֮£ȷʵİ޷Դ¸ĸ
ֻ޸ɲ˵顣
ֻҪˣպİ޹ϸ𣬻ʹȻİĸ
ʱЩգ֮ǰûǹ£Ҫǻʹѹѣ벻硣
ڻ̫Ҳ˵ˣİ绹£ȷʵЩʡ
ʵ޸İҲͦãʡٽİ磬˷ˡ
Ҳģֻһ̫ӱЩáЩǵ
̫˼Ƭ̣˵ʹλͬ󣬵ײĻʺԣİҲֻǰӣֻҪʵﲻҡ̫Ӵ֮λ̩ɽ
һҲǣֻҪطi̫֮λȹ̣ټƫİ磬ȷʵ̫Ӱ첻
֮ǰʱȷʵ̫Ϊ̫
ʶ˵ǣ֮ǰˡ
̫ʵֻ̫Ϊ̫˶ѣˡ


355 
͹Ժƫ
ձźûõĴӽӣŸߵˡ
ɡڡ
ǡתſڡ
ţҽƫ
ȸϵĵ
ΪȥźŸĴŮڵʧƣҶ̬Ȼǹмӡ
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˵ʵԴ֪Ÿû̫֮󣬵ԾŸǱ߾Ѿκϣˡ
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⣬˻ôȥ
ȴ˳ƫٴοڣڿ˵ˡ
ŵЪڻ̫ﲹߵʱ򣬲Сү̫˵ʹ޸İǵԼ¡
˵ʲôıٲղŵƽ
һҪ˵ӿҡ
״ֻӲͷƤӱ𼤶үڻû¶ģڿ֮У˷硣
ܲүҪҵİУҪȥүסˡ
ԣֻ븧
ԱΪӦôˡ
Ǹ͵ģūǰ֪ͨһҲи׼ʱȥүøĴڲ𣡡
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ܲþŸΪ£˻̫ٱȥɡ
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һߣֽ˴ӽ
ױڷԸ
ǣȻ뵽ʲôױˣȥһӴ⹬ƽعһˣ
뵽ԼֻǴӦλݣһ·ɣȻԸˡ
ƽԼŰɡ
ǣūȥ
Ȼ֪ҹ˵ʲô֪ƽ˹϶顣
ȴ˵ƽ˵ȥԼԹ֮Ȼ΢΢мֲãͣȥ͹
ƽ˵֮ƽҲһ
ôҲû뵽Ȼ顣

˵̫߽ӵƽ˵Ĵ֮󣬱ƽ˻Ҫŭޱȡ
û뵽Ȼнİǵʹµ뷨
Ȼ˵ǻʹ˼ǿûؾ˵Դԥ
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д
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Ҫİ˵ӵݣպǻǸ˳ˡ
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ң»粻˳٣һֹּɾˡ
뵽Լ۰̫ƽһ飬Ȼõס׼
֮ʰǬ幬

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Źе֪̫ӹʱ򣬻Щ졣
֪̫Ϊûȥ飬ʱǬ幬
ǿ̫ӽ
̫֮ӱǰ˵½˵
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ȵһТĳ̫֮ſڣ꣬˵ʹ޸ĵܵĵܼ£֪Ǽ٣
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̫һǿ겻ҪܶǴӺδϢ뺹߶ûôһ£
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뵽̫ͲϢ󣬿϶ңҲͲһʶˡ
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̫Ҳ֪Ϊʻͷ
ֻ̫Ӿã˵ĲӦ𣬿ʲô
УӦþöԼ
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Ȼ֪̫ӻԴû뵽̫ӵķӦ˼ҡ
Ȼֱǰʦﲻ˵
˵ʲôΪ룬ΪΪ룬Լһֱٳδ¶ġ
˭Ϊİ翼ǹ
̫ΪֳôͲΪİ翼ǿĴ
һֱ̫ӶЩëҹŮߵūźΪԼ
ֻͻС
û뵽̫ӾȻ˽ֻ뵽Լȴ벻ֵܡ
˵ʵʱ̫΢΢Щʧġ
ֻ۰̫ӵĿ̫ѡ
ʮͣº󣬾Щʧ룬Ҳпԭġ
òԣԼžˣαظ̫Ӵ󶯸λ
ԣֱӶ̫ӵȻȥɣ޻ῼһĻ
ʵأİ絽׼ǲڻʹ£Ѿ˾ϡ
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֪Ϊʹ졣
ǶȻȥˡϣ겻ҪӦ´¡
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󣬿ȴüͷ

̫ԭΪѾͬ˵Լ˼˿ܡ
ֻҪ㲻ͬİڻʹ¡
˭֪Чȴʵ䷴
ÿԭԥᶨ˽İĵʹµľġ
ֹգºͻʹΪȻʱ򣬿ȴͻȻּ⣬Ǿǽİǵʹ¡
ʹӵּ󣬲ϲ
ȻʼʮһޣֻҪּ⣬ԣǾǰ϶飬˭ҲĲˡ
İʱȴµġ
ôҲû뵽֮󣬿Ȼּ⡣
ΪѾ˺ͻʶء
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˭֪ŹȥûãݾȻñЩ˻Ҫء
ʹǸ󣬶ǵĶȴֻλ
֮ǰʱǿվͬһϵġ
Ӧ˵İҪǻʹģ͵ݣİ绹ء
о仰ĸӹĸ󣬿ɲ˵˵ġ
ںˣ˼İˡ
ȻĽİĻ󰢸硣
Ϊӣ󰢸þݣҪǵӣطi˭̫ӣһء
ڿɺãȻİô
ϢһĪ̫ӡ
ΪΪ˵һ£Ѿͷ
˭֪մմϲʱȴһ
ֱˣ
ԣס̫ӷƵԼ˲󣬷йŭһĻ
ס˸ͼһع칬̫ӷݵ
ԭ̫֮λͼ֮㣬ͲҪԼĺˡ
ȻʣǾͱԼ塣
Σͬʷһ㣬̫ӡ
ֻǸλá
̫ӵķԸסʱЩľ
İǵʹΣԪӣһʹӣǿ֮𡣡
˵˳̫ӣǻϺͳϹϵĴݹأİȵġ
סʼĵȰ˵̫ӣ̫ԴһȣʲôͿ
̫һһŵ˵ĶԡµĻʶԪ󣬳ϣһ֮Ůİɱȵġ
㻹һ棬лҪ˵̫ƽ
ȻЪ˼ҲҪδѡ
ǴҪȥˣǿ˳ļλ
һ룬̫ӾȻô˷С
ֻǴҪıܱһЩҲ޷
ҲԿƫ裬һʱӦòϳ̫֮λ


356 
ȴ˵ӵİǵʹµϢ˲ˡ
û뵽̫ӾȻá
ϢѾˣȻûֹ鷢
˵̫ڿĵλһ㣬˵Ҳɡ
ҪȻ᲻̫ӵǴ㽫İǵʹ¡
ⲻ̫ӣʲô
Ǻ˻ʹİˡ
ǵģѾİһˣҺһ㲻Ȼʹ١
İѾĶӣǻʹĶӡ
ԣں޲İȥ
ûȥǬ幬һֺϧ
ֻһߵĸо֪һôõ顣
ο֪ԼȥǬ幬϶Ҳ棬ֻᱻ֮⡣
ԣڻʡʡɡ
ⲻһʹİ硣
ΪˣڴӲ֪£רСˣÿҹ˾ʱ򣬱÷ݺݵСˡ
ֻŻʹȥİ粡ʹ
ͷ֮ޡ

Կּİǵʹ֮󣬻ʹͬԸһ㣬ǣң忪ʼһղһա
ʮһѮʳȻιȥֻϺõ˲κ͹ҩĵ
ʮ³һ磬»δгǬĹǰɥ˵ʹҹްˡ
һ߸Ͻױһ߷ԸƽжٹյĶˡ
¸ϵǬǬѹɥᦣҲ絽ˡ
ɼǽӵϢͣ˳Ǭ
½ʱ򣬿ڷԸܹһЩɥˡ
˿絽ǬȽϽĻɵҲѾ
ʹΪλߵɣɿ϶ǶҪΪ顣
ţɵҲҴҸ
º͹Ϊλߵɣ϶ҪŲٳֻʹɥ¡
ԣǬҵ޵òѵ١úðοһ֮󣬱͹ʼæµ
˴θʹĳͰǣͳ
طСҲڡ
ΪλúͰ粻һֻܷԸطߵķֺͰģչ˺Сһ
طСù˱ڻУҪȻطʲôͣ治һܹס
һգæͷת򣬵ϻصٹоƣȸǹǦһ
ڵһʱȥط
СһһգѾ˯¡
˵ʵôһ̵޶ҪȽϴİһ飬Ҳ۲ѡ
ֻǹˣҪУһТñӿɲʲô顣
ڹİ󣬷ֵĿλãõġ
Ҫһıѩš
֮ѯһֺͰĿʱϽϴЪˡ
ջеҪæ϶Ҫúһ
գһǰ㣬һæµ
˵գʹװףƵ빬
Ȼʹɥ½Ǻüպ顣

ʹɥ¹Ͻ˽һѩ
Ϊ䣬³˴񣬱ٳš
Ъպ󣬺ܿ㵽ףº͹ŹĹֿʼæˡ
˵ʵ´ʱеڽֹˣͷæβǹ˵ġ
Եóû۹ڴ񣬾ڴ·ϡ
ҪʵûкʵĽѡ治ٹŹ
ֻǹ鲻С£δǰԸһЩҲԸԼС
Ͼʱ䣬ǰ˲Լں󹬡
رǹƽΪЩˣٹϢͨء
ȻɣЩΪ£ΪԱҲԴпŹ񣬻кܴġ
벻ȱá
֮£ΪʹոմɥãѾ˻겻¡ش죬ԼΪ
ʮ꣬һ͵ķΧжȹˣܿӭʮꡣ
һ¡¹ûʲô£൱ƽ
£ʼůټϻʹТȥڻָյ֡
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ʹްźİ϶Ҫиλɿţ١õѡ
΢΢һ㶣̶Цŵͦã١òλ檾Ϳ԰һֹ񣬽١ùţʱ򣬳Ҳɡ
˻һǰѿŪˡ
жǱ˭
ôƳȥɹţʵЩԤϡ
ЦŹͦãܶôԸˣ
Цʵۣ檻ϲţûһط鷿䣬檾Ҳ㲻ˡ
СҲСʱ⼸ߣҪǴˣûвȵĻᡣ
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֮ǰʱֻΪûкʵĽѡѡ
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ҲãҲ̫ܶۡ
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֮ǰʱòλѾˡ
λ֮ϲˡ
Ͼʹ빬ǻᣬҲֻλһûзŵλ
λŷš
ɼ١һĿء

˵١ΪλˣڽӵΪֻʣˡ
ʲô١Ϊ١ŮȻá
Ҫ谾˼١Ůȴá
㲻õ谮Σ㲻Σ󱳿١ңҲ̸λ
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ͷƽŹء
ϧûĺ
رһֱλʮĶɾˣǲζ
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˵˲ˣ
Ҳʱףǿûע⵽λϻпȱԸλţҲûλˡ
ҪȻλǶ˵ľͲóΪˡ
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ۼ١λһֱŻʹЩˣҲһ
ԴӻʹްţǬ͸ûĹһ㡣
ںˣǬµһλһǰӵãڲһˡ
Ҳյģᱻǲ񸮣·ӣӦ»պԼڳǬǰûʲô


357 
գҲλĵڶգ˳Ǭ
յʱѾƽ˹С١Ͻλĺ񣬽չΪ
֮ͬŽԼ˵ˡ
ȴֱסˡ
̫ͻȻЩϡ
̲ס²⣺ѵѽ̽Լ
־ԼˣѹദҲжӣû˰
֮ɻѽŹͦãΪҪùأ
½͵١֪Ǹɢġʮ˵ͣ١ðŷֵһҲöЩʱһʮ硣þȨæˣɺã
鲻αƺ뽫񽻸
˵ʵڹ˵һҲĶǿ϶Ǽٵġ
ϾȻλȴܳ裬ȫż֮ڵλá
ҪлڹһЩȨȻ
ֻǿȴЩġ
лϣҲûŹ᲻
֪Ͽ֪£æʵ
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ΣװӣҲҪż쿴
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ɼѹˣõŵ¡
Ҫһǣʹûпˡ
֪պ󲻵ó裬Ҫ񹮹ԼĵλҲûͶұ
ɼǸˣ֪ûв

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ѧϰǻҲѧϰһʱ䣬ټ١ָߣûգѾˡ
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ֻҲ֪ѹ϶Ǿͷ׿Ϲġ
Żþ
ٵ˭˵أѹҲȨ֮ԼС˼
ʲôС˼ȻС˼
ԣȴҡҡͷѽҡŮԹɫС΢ǿڹġҪȻ빬ó⼸꣬˳סһ㲻ðͷɸһء
˵ǲȴִأ׼ԼĶλ
Ųɵء
˵òҪǶܵóĻǿ϶Ǻɶˡ
ŵңΪѹɵһ㶼ɵ˵ó裬ŹҲûʲô˼ֳȥסء
˵Ҫջع񣬻һ仰飬󹬣ɾλߣֶ裬ûѹסˡֻҪѹԼ룬ʱʱ̶̿үǰ߷磬ҩϵ
˵ѹˣˮ𣡡
ҲǹΪѡâκ˼ԭ
ɺŴӦ³ʵʵԼĹ֮λء
Ͼѹλߡ
ο벻Σյء
ԼӵĻҲм
Ҳ֪Լ˵͵ѹͷԭ
ССһ֮󣬱ˣ˵ˣֻñˣúһųʲôʵء
Դ֪Լܵó裬Ҳ֮ܶѾ൱ҵˡ
οòûÿתߣô졣
ʵʵŰɡ
Ӧ˵ʵҲа
ɣĸâء

Ѯ˴ͻگ飬˶ƶߺס
δ򣬱ǿƶ߿صӲüϰڣҲ̫̫ͻ̫ҡ
һ׮ϼ׵Ļ¡
Ҳʱ֪Ѿʮꡣ
ֻΪŮĹϵںһֱıȽ͸͵
һּͻ飬λ
³ȻƼݳ԰ּ⣬һ¡
Ȼ˲ѡ
ʱֵ죬԰̻죬̺죬ɱȹҪȤˡ
ԣڵﳩ԰֮󣬱طСˡ
μĿûмˡ
ڵεʱ򣬿ѧˣֱѡ˰ʱˡ
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Цѵû˵ֻԼֿģгɾ͸о仰ô˵ţԼ֣ʳھԼء
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ֻһ׽ţһƵؿڵе㿾ˡ
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ҲѧӣͷһԼ⴮ȻϸϸƷһζһɻϾĿ𣬳ôûأ
ױԼƭ
̲ס֣˹̱ǣЦŶȻƭģܶ⴮ζϣ֮ٽ
Ūº˵ô
֮ǰʱǸѧ˲ٿ⴮ľء
֮һֿһԱ߸ԣϵá
еʱǿ¿õĿʱʱιһڣһҪܣҪԲݵĴ
Ҫǣ˻ϲĽ
վԱ߲ԶŹ龰̲ס븧
ԽԽԼүѹģܾǰүеɵǸСϵĵ
ǵҵɵӡ
Լүأһ㣬ͦٯٯķΧʱʱľͻһĳִ˲ƣ
ߵĹ˾ͦá
˵ᣬǿⲻᣬԼӺͻϸõıֺ֤
Լӵĵλȹ̡
Ǹ˻ôܾᣬǰͲһЩء


358 
ųŵֻ߷ֱϲĿ¿Ŀιˡ
оԼմǣܹ£̲סʿѾԱһЩ
оǱιĿǸϽҡҡͷ
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ԵòͺãԵòͺãͲټԼˡ
Ȼ֮ԿǽƽЩˣҲһЩӡ
Ͼ׼Ķ٣ԴӿҲǰպͣҪ˵ʳˡ
ţºͿϴԡϴϵ̿ζ»һɾ¡
һʰ׵ѹ֦ͷ
ΪѮԭ򣬽ִԲԵø
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ʱֵٻʢа㸡ԵܰԼĺʱڡ
ټ˸ոԡϣɢһ޵ζֹˮѡ
ڹչһսǴѾ˵Ӱ󣬿Ѹײڶ֮ƣߵ˶ֵԱߵļɽϡ
ȻҲıȥȡеֱ㴭Уɿһ㡣
ϡںڰ
šһ˿ͳɳƵӦܶڲҪ˵òã˵㡣
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ֻԽˣϴ겻õ㷢ɢǹ㣬Խ
ȻʹòǼе񾭣̲סС
󣬿˫ۣſдĨϢ
˵ʵеæȷʵѾþû˵ദˡ
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ֻҧŴ֧֧꣬ؿڣǣϲô죿
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¼ǵúţļǴ洫йġ
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ʱָϽϣ飬ֻһ֪˭Ҳ˵һҪΪ檱ܣ֪𡣡
˶˵Ů޲űǵ£ǹͷ񣬳檿ɲٳͷԼɱ˵жд̡
ĸ첲ʹš
֣Ҫ͵
˼Ƭּ̣ĲͷֻܴӦ
ãܶġ
ӦԼ¶ʱĲѣһڡ
ǵÿЩЦá
ôΪҪͣ˸أ̫˼˰

԰ӹü죬ܿ¡
һʱ䣬һ˶Ǿѧϰ
ԣûϲ
Ͼʱ±ᵽǱߣʦѧϰ
ʱϰѾӸտʼʱСģ
ţһʱ䣬϶øã졣
֮󣬱Ƕڵ
Ϊͻ̫ڳ԰ԶҲ߹ġ
ڹĲ鲻©Ŀüͷ
һ֮£֪Ѿɹӣ»ṥΪĽѡ
²֪ʷ峯֮ľΣֻǵ϶Ӯ˵ģֻܿοſġ
ֻȴûкתƾ䣬ǰƶ߿ʼԽ
ҪǣȻɳԽӣֻһͼ͸ھĶʹһս
Ѯʾ߲ߴþƽһӾ硣
һҹڼ
ƻʵĽڣڴͷ
֪Ϊܸ飬鲻ãֻɵſС
ʱҲ֪Լÿ˵ʲôֻ߾ͺá
ãȻڣ޴
ʲôҪ¶ʱɲסˣһʵĿ
֤١
һ۽ǰػУһ߿ڿοܶõģ޾ȥˣҲͽµġ
Ȼ˵»ǵĲѡ
սϵǹۣ˭֪ᷢʲô顣
Ҫǣµ̫ӣ᲻ûЩʲôԿ飬ǺɾԤˡ
ֻҲ֪ǿΣûȨֹ
ټǰսȷʵĻ϶ҷʿҲΪѡԵɰɡ
֮û˵ЩʲôÿܲܲȥĻϲ˲䣬ż־ǻȥ֮һҪչ˺ԼҪó檵ģ檻ھŻƽƽ
Уϲʲô֮ǰҪ˼УúһԼİΣһ廹ҪϳţҪգҪ
µ߶߶̲ס΢
޻ûأܶھͽЩ飬ǲ̫Щ֪ģΪվҪ뿪ء
ϻ鿪Ц檲ˡ
˵գĽͷŤһȥһģ
ááã޲ԣ˵ֻһЦźһ塣
Ȼĸ
ټпܳڼദʱҲޣôܻ˷Сϣúദء
ԣ˺ܿͺá


359 
գ´̫Ӽּ⣬ʱڳ԰Ȼ󲨡
Ȼ´Ϣ
¾֪Ҳֻ˵֪飬˴˻ȥ
֮±ƽԸϳڼǵ˴עЩ̫ǱߵĶһ͸Ͻ
ԣƽһ
Щ׻ΪҪע̫ǱߵĶ
ѵ̫ӻ췴ɣ
˵ֲ̫ɵôܻɵ¡
˵ʵƽܾԼӶ̫Ǳߵ͹עЩˡ
㰲ˣҲԻǱб
ҲͰˣھȻע̫ǱߵĶ
Ҫ֪ԼӶԵλû֮ģΪʮ̫ӵ˼ˡ
ΪūţηԸˣôʲô
ҲԼɣҲ˵
ƽӦӷģūŻõµˣע̫Ǳߵġ
µ˵ͷ

̫ӽӵԼϢֱӸ˻ˡ
ǵһζ£˵ɲһ㡣
պ˳Ľ볯ãȻڳаԼţԼİ׺
ֵĺôɲһĶࡣ
̫ȻãԼǸλøһˡ
󰢸濵һȴмֲá
󰢸ȥ˭֪ǱŽȥġ
ֻ̫Ҳ֪Լֹ󰢸ǰȥҲֻЪ˵ҵ˼
Ŵ˴μĻᣬúñһ˳£һΪԼµĳԼ
÷պ󿹺⿵ʹ󰢸磬֮ء
˹̫ӱ˴ͼ棬úһ֮顣

֪֮󣬾Ĵ£ҲʼϸĵΪ׼İ
˵ĸʥҩϺõҩģһЩ֢ҩ衣
ֻЩæСµʱ䡣
Ȼ֪Щ׼²ģҲȱ׼ЩһƬ⣬Ȼ˵ʲô
ֻ֮ǰĶЩʱô֮ǡ
ʮգС
֮ǰʱ򣬸ȫʹ󰢸Ѿһʾ˹űڣʽʦ

Կߺ¾Ϳʼκ飬ʱ쳣
ʲô᲻
õҲЩȱȱû֮ǰǰϲ
ټƽǱߣʱ̫ӽӼǸŵϢԽĽǡ
Ҳ֪Լ⡣
Ͼ̫Ӽ϶Ҫʱ顣
ȴܾ̫Ӳ⣬в֮ġ
һһȥ±м尾ʱس԰ĹУȴ˼
ܹܣ˵ϲˣ׵õʲôϲأǰȥ̫ҽô˵
ŹУżһ׳˺ü⡣
ֲ⣬ʮնôͺȻء
еūŲӣ˴λϵõǺ֢Ҳ鼫ء˼ҲҪӵģֻūŵģ֪Ϣٺ˼룬Ŷ֪һ
˵ʵūи׼֮⣬Ҳϣø⣬ʲôӣûͦһء
˭˵˭ϣ£϶ѹĪ
Żðű𱸵ķգ֪ѹ֪
ɣɾͲ˵ˡ
ɱ壬㵣ĿĲ飬ҲΪ忼ǡ
˵꣬ʱһ£ɫѿ
ĵ飬Ƿˡ
֢űе˼úһͲһűпǶű
¶ʱ飬ʼڵڽȥ
һ޷Լ
֮¶ԹеѾ֪ܹȻȥã˸ܹܴϲصϢϣܹȲҪ⴫ú𵴣Ļ̻
æӦӷģ¹شūſ϶ᵽ˵ġ
΢΢˵ͷһ㣬ŹӦ֪ء
ȹߺڵڣʼڤ˼֮
һ߻ǰԼ֪ǵʷһűη
ǰĸ崩С˵ֻҪеӡģһ飬ֻΪѰһ˿

ûв͸ǽصϢ̫Ҳ֪ܿˡ
˴γͼǸһȥģص飬ô֪ܲ
Ǳһͼ˽Ϣ̫֪
̫󣬲û˿ĵģ˲ѡ
Ҳ֪˴ο϶ǴιŹأҪȻպôĻʵۡ
ǣ̫ﻹ̲סĴ룬Ͳÿ˴һغ
ʱѲ̫ٵǴλĻū˵˴λϲأ˵ñǵµһλᣬֻҪ죬±˳ĵǻ
һԭд˼̫ӣʱ˼һ˵ĺ
ͼʱ˴Ϣ˵ҲǱ˼
סȥ̹

ȵס񸮵գ̫ӿڵ̹ϴ˵̫ҽԺλǵˣģ
յ£̫ҽԺȷʵλ̫ҽѾ򣬲֪£к⣿
̫Žص飬˵ˡ
󣬱̫ӵ⡣
Ȼ̫ӵ겡أĲѣ϶ӲܡڶԺ겡ģ¿϶Ҫ̫ҽԺѡλҽʥ֣⣬Ϊβ
ԣ˵ǣūȥš

ȴ˵ߣһҹĿ룬뵽һǰ취İ취
űֲ򵥵ķʵĪʹҩ
ֻǴʱҽʢУҩʱ֮١
ֻȾȥѰңõķӣЩʿúһʡ
½ƽһ󣬱ȥд
йǰ϶ں󹬵ɣ·ͷӡ
Ҳûţ˷ҽ飬ǽ̫ҽѯйűƷ
ʱ٣˵ıڵɡ
нӵµĴ֮ĵĲ⣬ƽһͣʱǰһ
ҲʩΪһð취Ǳ޳ĪҲֻһԴ˷Ƿеͨˡ
û취ֻҽǺηӣҪһԡ
˵һַκÿĲҲпܵġ

º͹ѰűҩʱйǱߺִܿµϢ
ûڣֱӾǴ̫Ӻǰȥй̼
ǵģȥ̼
Ϣǰ󹬣ȻĻ̻
Ȼ´ϢֻѾƲѡ˭ҲֱϢɣ㬶顣
˵ʵ´ʱļ٣;ӦЩĻɡ
һ
λߣҲûĸɸӲ
أȴΪոյϢļѡ
ѵ治ˣ̫Ӻǰȥ¡
ּ̫Ѿ˲е˼
ҪȻҲƵƵټټԼš
ǰգ̫ӻ̫ҽǰйƲ
ⶼһġ
ðɣ֪ԼҲС֮ĶȾ֮п̫ӡ
ʱò룬ò롣


360 
ʱ򣬹ڴһϢ˵ǴӴʿǱŪһܺõűҩ˪
֣¶ʱ
ԣ֣ӦþӡУűҩ
ӵϢΪʱ䲻˵Ĺϵƽȥй
ȹ±㽫Լ뷨ֱ˵ˡ
Ϊιеԭ¶ҲʮΣ²̫пв֮ĵ飬ͬ˵ˡ
ޱȡ
ǱѹԵҩһ£ˡ
ֱѹ˵ģ̫Ӻܿı֮ĵ飬°͡
˵ʵѹ̫Ŷ󣬲ǻ̫ӣǻԽġ
ôܻ˼ء
˵ֻ̫ҪĵţʲôԿ̫ӵ۰˳λΪҪѡء
з벻̫ͨΪλ
Ȼ߹ֻ࣬ǵֻܹǵĻϣ˼ҲС¹شǲ˿⣬ټǸ֪˭ǵУ˭ѣֻԼġ
ߣҪܹ򣬿϶߲ҿԡֻҪܹѡλŵùֵǰйһʧ̫Ѿ·ʱܹ¾ϡ
ȵ˻ȻͼֻãҾȨȥչ˻ˣҪȷµĻǿɾǻϵľݡ
Ҳ£Ϊλкгԭ
Ҫа㶨·ϵһ飬ܴҩƽ￵й
֮󣬵ĵӻūżǵã岻ãһ·ϣɳܲס۵
µܹĵЩ⡣ϰѾϰ˺óһʱ䣬·ǲڻ¡οйֲǧ֮Զġ
Уܹܲãϼ֮󣬻;β𡣡
һ仰Ȼ˹С
˵ʵڵȽϱۣҪǻͦȥܼһԼ谮ѹҲѹˡ
Ǻãӵ˼ȥ죬ūͻȥ׼ȥȻѾ˾ϣҲͲٵ顣
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ȹߺ±ѩȥԺ
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ԣõνֻҪúõģɱʲôǿ
л¾ͽԼҪֱ˵ˡ
ˡ
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ֱֱ֪˵
뷨Ҳ̫ˡԼߺʮô죡
µùԭʮߣзֵչˣǲ̫ġ뾩󣬼߻л͡
Ӧ֪Щ飬ǹˣˣһ⣬ʱ򣬻ҪóְһС
ЩС飬þЩĽ·ϵİΣ
¿ο⵹õģܹܻᰲźһеġ
ԣȻ˲١
ǿصĸֻ̫࣬ҪаţѹӦ˳ϡ
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ߣҲʼʰ
˵ʵߵĹˣԼҪȥйһ£ҲǺܵġ
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߰ŵļ죬ֻһյĹ򣬾ͽ鰲׵
ȻԹһˣ½һЩ飬ҩһ˹
ҪǣṦĹŮ´ߣ÷չ
Ҳû뵽оȻܵ
Ϊһ·ϣҪһүͬء
ȻɣΪִˣŮû̫صĹ˿ܲ롣
ԣҲǹ˰ŵԭɡ
Ůһ㣬һߣ־ζҩ֡
ˣ±ŶŮ·Źѡĳ˾
µһϵĳԶţһڹٵϳ۳ҡ
˵ʵĸо֮
һЪһᣬرۣǸ·УҪһֱġ
ʱΪ˸·ˮȡ
ԴԽ֮һֱŵ˵һĥ
ɼˣҲҪҧš
ľȻ
ǶߣΪṦֲԭ򣬵һЩ
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˵ʵͬеǣԭڽεεѹЩᣬΪŪλֻһʱѪȥйϡ
˵ߵ·Բ࣬ظˡ
˭֪һѹûһһ۲˵ͬЩƤ佫һˮԸ
֮ġ
λѹں󹬱˶裬Ҳûԭģȥϵͼ֣Ͳһܱȵϡ
һ·ϣߣҲٻһЩΡ
֮ǰʱֻһž棬ûǹôࡣ
ڹܵ˶߸棬ҪȻ»治ڵĴжΡ
·ڵ죬ϵ˿ڵй
˵ط֮²û³çȥ
øһԼǰȥϢܲȼǰˣ˽һ¿ڵĽ
ܴŹһĻǾ͸ˡ

ڣŹù˵ʪ޽ڻеĿ֡
ĲԽԽأѾǻԵʱ䳤ѵʱԽԽ̡
Źʵ벻ףΪ뾩ʱݵүֻôʱ䣬ͱӡ
̫ӣʱүĲ飬ȻԼС˼
ֱΪӡ
磬С£ֻ̫£˵ʲôʲô
ټүۼԼĲ죬ѾĻ䡢֮֮䵽ľ档
ʱӵߵŹߣڣܹܣҪ
Ź΢΢һ㶣ͷʵ˭
΢΢ҡҡͷۼҲ֪ǹܹˣй˵ҪԼ
ԣŹһ
̲ס²⣺ѵھеĹУҲ˲ԾĹѯ顣
Ҫ˵Ļ϶Ҳġ
Ź΢΢˵ͷǱ߻ػ˵ٵʱȥˡ
УӼȥ
˵գת޵


361 
ʱʱڵĺܿ죬ŹܿˣһƧƫ
ֻǵȴƫڣ֮Źȴһסˡ
Щŵ˫ۣȻԴһ˿ӣ
ǵģҪŹˣǽй¡
Źӣôй
˵˴Ȼ뵽ʲôһĵӣǿȥɣΣգ
ϵйΣգôƾ仰ѡظء
ܹܣ㲻뿪̫ãʱǳ˵йﵽǸʲôϵΣ
˻Ź뵽ѹйûȥү㿴Ѿ²⵽˺£ðǰ
ȻɣҲͬһѹԣѾˡ
Źһᣬֻܽ뾩飬һЩȽҪ˵
ʵҲ̫ӵйһЩ顣
˵ŹԴżʵºүҲ̫ӵС˼ԭΪز˱һӺģȻЩŭġѾʱڻ֮Уճʳ⣬Ҳڰʱˡ
˵ʵնŹ˵Ҳһּ尾
ҪһֱԼүһܳŹһصţ˵ҲͬЩһ㣬ʼҡڲ󵹸ˡ
Ȼ֮ǰѾһϢҲû뵽Ѿز
ʱ̫ӣ˿ԼҰġ
˼Ƭ̺µܹܣ˵ǰǴβҩġһ㵢󲻵ãҲֻҽˡ
Ȼ⻰ȴʵ
ʱпҲѲȻֱһغ
ԣڵѾ̫ʱš
Ͼʱ䲻ˣ̫ӣʱпܷ鲻Ծǰıʵ۵֮
Ȼǲҩ
ŹҲ˵ˣߣ̫ȫȨǺǱ
ԣҪÿĽ˪֮ء
ͳһִҩŹ
ʱ䲻ˣҲû취˸ҩܹܻȥ֮󣬱һ͵͵Ϸ°ɡ
УܹܿܲڻϽʱҸ档
Ź֪ѹԶðΣմӾи϶Ϊıϡ
ԣһ߽ӹµݹҩһ߻صӷģūŻȥ֮š
֮һϸڣ¸װС̫࣬ǰ
ȽϣŹųƫ
Ҳʼ׼ϸ顣

ȴ˵Źصס󣬾ͳƼʱ򣬽ҩ͵͵ˡ
˵ڻǻԲѣôʵĹܣŹûж
߳ǰˣڴ˴̫ҽ̼̫Ӻ硣
̫ҽҲԿĲ޲ߺ̫̼ʱԿʼЩ¡
ʱ˳Ӱ
أͲ󣬸飬̫ӵ쳣ûв
ҹʱ֣ӻٴתӳģŹ
үˣŹϲ
Ź˯˶ãɳƵؿڡ
ãֻʱŹش
˵꣬תͷһԣϴżϲɫϣ쿴˭ˣ
ԣǸŹߣһԡ
ֻһۣһס˺·Լ۾һ㣬գ¡
˵ǰ֮ˣҲͬǰһ̫Σһ۾ϳ˭
ȵؾһʱ˿˵
Ϊʵš
һǰߵǰһߵڻϣ
㡢㡭ЩǰһĻġ
Ǿйɲγëġ
ߵϣϸϸſ
˵֮ǰûʱѾö顣
ǱĿǵһμ
ûյĵϲ˵齶ѡ
Žȥһ¡
Ȼ㲻ᣬǺ˺ĵܶؾȥɣﲻĵط
Ѿûмպû̫ԼС˼ϣ
ֻҪʵʵھǣ̫ӵǻ߸ϵĹ̫
ȴᶨҡҡͷ檲ȥ檼Ȼˣû㶪»ԼȥҪϡ
㡪òһû
¼״æǰĴؿڣһЩ
ȰοϷģǴҩģֻҪҩϺܿͻõġ
˵꣬תԲԶŹܹܣ鷳㵹ˮŻٸһҩ
ڵĹˣ类ŹѰͷ֧ȥˣֻЩˡ
˵öԡŹϽӦ
Դȴ̫ϣҽ޲ߣʲôҩκĲء
ҪȻҲĻ䣬̫ڱȥֹˡ
ȴ룬һߵͷӴĴƿеĽ˪һ߸߶߶ؽ͵ǹܹܺò״ӴʿŪҩֻҪʱԣ϶ԻϵĲá
ôԶ·;ģ¡
˵ʵҲĺܣϣϽ뿪̰ͼϵǹůʱ̣ദһᡣ
Ȼ̰ĵġ
»صָܹܸṦĹŮĸ檱һġ
֮󣬲ûϣ͵͵ϵܹܣŻǰ̫ķΣ͵͵ڰҹϵġ
ԣһͬʱ̲סĵƽʱȥɵʱǴĺܣ
ʱŹˮ
ǰӿԼϡ
֮󣬿Źֵˮܿͽҩڷȥ
мûκεԥͳɡ
ãҩܲãԼ⣬ֵðա
Թҩ»У̰ȡϵζ
·һ̣Ҳһ㡣
ܶ˵仰ɡ
ԣЦƻ˵ģ˵仰ʮһپ䣬ҲŻ˵ҪӦ檣úóҩúܷԼΪ˳檣ɺã
á
Ϊ˺Ҳ˵
ֻǣĲ飬ײķ̫
ѵļͬ˵ϼ仰ѾǺܺˡ
ܿ죬˯˹ȥ
½źã֮ŹߣߣܹܶġȻҩһҲ¡
ŹæӿⶼūӦġ
֮һ̫ӣЩ̫ҽ
ڿߣڻ֮ˡ
Ͼ̫ӲŽйûգټϿûĹ죬ڣ˭ҪǴ֮ġ
֮±صŹΪŵһƧСԺϢ
⴦СԺ˵뿵סЩԶʤ㹻ȫͶߣڱס
Ϊ·ټ飬쳣ƣۣûϢò˵Ҳһֱ
ڸϵйڿԺúЪЪˡ
ģҪˡ


362 
峿ٴת
Ҳ֪ǲĴȻ֮࣬ǰȵĲ飬ҲһЩ
ҪǣоЩԶĸо
֮󣬿ʳһһذӡ
״Źϲ̲סĴ룬ҲѹҩЧҲ˵
ǲ˵үĲоء
ŹȻлϲȴɫָ֮һҩ
̫ǰ̼ʱ򣬸Ǹ֮ǰһװһΣգ̫ҽҲ޲ߵģ
ʵأѾ̫ҽ̫ҽһȱš
һգΣȻ廹֮ǰǰָ֮ǰЩͬ
Щ֢״ԼһЩҲ֮ǰǰ
ϣҹ˾֮ʱһδǰС̫ķΣ
ΪˣרŹΪϴһ»£Լޱ߷һ棬ϴһ㣬Ƹš
˼ĬһЦ֮һС
̾ξòˣٴμܶҲ޺ˡ
غ󣬲һеȷʵϣ˵жǼٵġ
رǸС˼̫һȣã¶Լһǻģܿɹ
һָ߰һ߽˵ʲôأʲô޺ˣ檻һͷءϷģأ㳼һϿ϶Ҳ¡
ԣ̲ס˵˵ܶҲضã˶úõģ꣬ܳ˰ɡ
ݸһЦ⻹ࡣ
㣬ϢҹĲ飬ۿɼ
ȵ֢״Ҳʼûˣ֢״Ǹżࡣ
Ź״Ȼϲ֪һѹҩá
ֻҪȥٹգ϶ҩ
ҲԼĲЩġ
һ磬ԣóһöƣŹƣȥйĽʱǲ
֮ǰʱȻңѡ̫ӵΪһֻ۱һֻۣԼƤӵ¸СûнԼ׽ȥ
Ĳ飬ȻѾתȻܶԼİΣ˷ȥ
οѹߣҪסİȫС
Źʱϲ֪Լүˡ
Щүڼ䣬ҡڲԼС˼ˣ϶Ҫһһʰˡ
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㻳ɺĲ飬Ѿתʲôݣ
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˻һ̫΢΢ɫ
˵ʵ֮ǰۼ͵Ԧ죬ȻԼ˳ĵǻ
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һ룬̫Ӷʱãٵȥˡ
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ĸǰС̫ʱ
һͷС̫Īܹ֮ǰūǺúүүǰ˵ġ
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Ͼү⸱ģۼҪԦ죬պ϶̫˵㣬ЩҲԸʱŭ̫ӡ
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Ϊ֪ɰڴһ٣ֻ֪пȥˣ˳Ǹλá
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ֻһ·ߵˡ
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䣬ֻӵܰѸĸǿ׳ǰգۼ͵̫Ӹǰ̫Ӧֱȥס
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֮ǰѾ׼ֻҪ¿ߵЩ̣ʱѺԼ˸Ϊǡ
ţȻһƹƹҡ
֪Ѿ֣м䣬ʱʱĴһĲҽ
ɼս֮ҡ
ɫøѿˡ
Ȼ׼̫ӵΪʹļס
Ϊбɿ̫֮ģǺļ˿ûй˼ǵĸ֮顣
ÿܺܡ


363 
ڵȴڼ䣬Źż߽л¼ٰС̫ࡣ
űʱѾµ̫ӣŹмȻ
ֻߵǰһүܾˣūŵ˾ȼ٣үˡ
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֮ǰڵ̫ӣʱŵûɢ
֮ǰԼļƻģж൨ӡ
ޱʱͷȷĵľ
Կն۰˵һ
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һִһ̵ֽ̫ӣȻ˲á
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ϣ龰½ǰżֵĵĿڻ
Ȼ⿵ʱ̫ӵʹģֻ⣬ȴ̫ͬӵ
ολпǸðƻ
̫ڱ΢飬ֻΪʧܣΪ˽
һ̫ӳɹˣǿǰЩ˺³ҡ
δ̫ӣǿľΪ̫ӵĸʱ򣬿϶ǲʺϲġ
ҪȻԵġ
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½ȰοЩˣٺãǽͳҲһ⣬˵Ĳࡣֺαñ˵ĴͷԼء
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޲ýЩ̫ӸǰԵļһǧУǺúõĸӣùС

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Ҳǣ̫߱鶼̫ӣӦҲˡ
ԣ̫Ӳ̫κУǶΪ
ʱŵǲͷ̫䣬Щ
Щǵ̫֮³Ҳ̫á
˾͵˰ɣǲŲأ
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һ룬̫ΪԼղŵ³çΪӲųһ亹


364 
԰
˵ʲôѹûпܲ԰һ˼
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ڿأԺ󵽵Ǹʲôһж˵
ŹԼǰȥҽֱ˵ء
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Ĳ⣬֪ıǿİΣ
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̫ǰվͽӵ˿תǵϢ
ԣһסڳ԰Ļ̫ɱʰջصϽǡ
̫ӵ飬̫Ѿ֮ǰдУ֪Ĵš
˵һ㲻ʹģǿ϶Ǽٵġ
Ҫû̫̫飬Ҳǲܵ顣
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»̫󶼲˵ˣǾ͸ܸ̫ˡ
ο̫࣬һǣˣؾֶ̫Ĺˣ׽ƽ˺ţ˼Ѻʡ
ЩУ̫صͼһЩ֧̫ӵĺҵ˺ͳ
˵һǣ㣬ҲΪ
һʱ䣬ŪóҰĻ̡̻
ɣŵͬʱҲʼƲ̫ӡƽˡк֮ĹϵȻβˡ
һСģ̫Ӻƽ۵
󹬵һȵùģǸƽ˽ܵŴӦټŴӦͨˣ¶İ֮±˳
֪Ȼŭޱȡ
֮ǰʱѾϻᣬĹһ
֪ڸģٴζİ¶֣һôܻŹˡ
˭֪պ᲻䱾
һûİĺʹһУָΡ
Կּϡ
ż壬ͬҲܵǣ


365 
͹Ժƫ
ŶϡһŴӦڵүͣŴӦһ
һһһľȻ
Լ³֪̫°ܣù龩֮ʱѾϵ֡
𣬿϶Ǻڵġ
ֻѾû·̫Ӹŵʵ̫ˡ
ҪǣİѾĶӣҪܻͼպҫʲôġ
˵̫ڣİм̳дͳĿܣ˳ۣΪһ̤ʯء
ֻ̫ӵʱ˲ã󹦿һˡ
ҲΪԼµ飬ۡ
ۼŴӦֻܶŸС̫ʹһɫ
ʱŴӦڿˣͲͷŹ˶ˣһԼ
ԣ¶һЦ⣬á
һ䣬ͼ̵С̫࣬ǰϺȻһơ
ŴӦ̧һǱƣ֪ǿ档
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ŴӦ̾һǰûܾȵ
һᣬٻһᣬʲôء
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Ǵ˿̱ع칬̫ӡ
ҪʣΪλһϳ̫дΪżõƴĸ
ݣֻж̶仰°ڿǰΪҪȻعµܡ
ʲôܣ̫ﲢδ
ɼˣҲ֪̫ӵ˼ܿ϶̫ѾҲǴԽߵʵ
ҪȻҲдһż
Ҫǲ̫ӣ߾ܾҲƵĸ߿
ź̾˿
û뵽Լ֮ǰǧСģ¶ͷǱ̫Ӳݡ
ǲ֪̫Ǻʱ쳣ģմԽǻͷˣŷġ
»һȦԼӦ̫©š
Ϊ̫Ҫ֮ǰ֪Ļ϶ﵽڣһ㶯ûУ˵ͻܣвԼΪˡ
ڣ̲סĳڿǰΪѡ
ֻǣ̫ڴôвԼʱǲһ飬ԼҲǴԽģͲ¿֪ࡣ
û鲻֪̫ӱ֮³϶̫á
˵̫ӵС
ԣôвǲЩЦء
˵̫Ϊܵв֮󣬻ŵҪԹԾͷᱻǣűߡ
̫Ҳ̫Դ˰ɣ
˵Ǵƹˤ
˵ֻ̫̽Լ
Ҳûܡ
һ룬±һƽضƽȥ˸˰ɡ
ԣƽ΢΢һ㶡
̲סʼ᲻ΪţԼʲôҪ鷳
ūǲǸ鷳ˣ
ҡҡͷĴȻ϶ŷ͵ǰ㣬Ҳٹˡ
֮żµļ֤£Ϊ˻ҽ
̫æ飬Բ´ͷβûһ¡
˵̫ӣ»治
ΪֻҪ¶ʹ̫ӵҲ᲻
ԣΪҪ£̫ӦòǱԼݱ¶Ǹ˲Ŷԡ


366 
ع칬
ҹ˾°ҹһɫӰƹӴ̫ӵ
ʱ̫δ˯£
ڵڲδƵƣ̫ӵˣżͳȥˣ
£Ѿͳȥˣūҵѹص̫ࡣӰػ
ԣ̫΢΢һ
˵ʵҪѾʵû·ߣǲһġ
Ϊһһѹ֮ǰδɹĻݻᱩ¶ǰ
ȻǰѹǴԽߡ
ǵĻҲżݣҲͲᱩ¶Լݡ
̫ӿãȫ֮ߡ
һð˷յġ
ҪǣԴ˻̫ϣ
ϾѹڵλãΪǸʲôɵ
ᱻἸ仰Żס
ֻѾû·ò
ˣȥɣҪСһ㣬Ҫˡ̫ӷԸ
֮ˣֻʣ©֮㣬Ѿκʧˡ
ǡ
ӰźҹڻܿʧںڰҹɫС
Ӱߺ̫̲סһѹӵż֮ķӦ
ǲô룬̫Ӷֹۡ
ֻܼϣѹǸˣҪȻ治öԸ


ϪҴҴӵ첽ߵСŮĻǰȻڻĶ˼䡣
ԣոշɵ飬ʱ
˻֣ôСŮ¡
СŮһߣȲؿڵϢģ
Ϫ˵ͷϢǧȷǲ֪̫ڸѹżдʲôѹûнӵż
ԣû̫ڵĴʲô飬϶ѹү˵飡
룬ýֺܲ³̫ʱѹȥţѹүﴵ߷硣
һ뵽̫·󣬿ٳûκζûּ̫ӣЩҡ
Уٵˣһѹİ̫˵飬үһǰһе
⼸յļ尾͵ȴѾûġ
ԣϪһӵ˼ǡ
һĨ̫Ӳˣȥ˭֪үô룬˴ûᣬܴˡ
Һ꣬ǰȥ԰ԼŹĻᣬѾع칬Լ֡
һϴع칬ΪЩ˵λòǺҪŵԱ
ǧգñһʱõǵʱ
ǧѷ꣬壬ɾûˡ
¶˾ġ
Ϊ̫·һȥ󰢸绹кܴġ
Ͼ󰢸Ϊʳӣ곤Ψһ볯İ磬һΣǱȥ˸սɼԴ󰢸ء
ûоֵһ
οô꣬Ψһ⵹̫ӵĻᣬôܴ
ȻѾ˾ûʲôԥģʼ̫ӵļƻ
ȻƻҪĲ֣̫֮󣬲ÿɵΪ߻ɵ
ԣƻҪٶȿ죬Ҫܣȷһʧ
һҪһ
ܿ뵽һѡ

һ峿糯ûü£ͼһǰ̫Żŵܽů
лͬʱˣү²ˣ̫ӵްˣ
΢΢üͷ̫ް˵Ļ֮󣬶ʱɫ䡣
һʧȥյ򶨺أߵŵǰ̫ǰʣ˵һ飬˭ްˣ˵һ飡
ı飬ֱǰ
״ǰ̫սսſǻǡ̫ӵްˣү
˵ֱ꣬ӳܲסϵѹ̱ڵء
һֻԴˣǳܲסĻ˻Ρ
үŹæǰϽס˼ҪµĿ
ţŹֶվڲԶǰ̫ະ촫̫ҽ촫̫ҽ
ȴ˰֣ԼסȻ󿪿ڵȥع칬
ǣŹϽӦ
Ҳ֪ʱ򣬿϶Ǭ幬̫ҽ
ԣŹֻܷԸǰǰȥΪ˱̫ҽ϶ҲҪһǰȥ
¿ŭ£ټʲô
Ͼ֮ǰոմһûأִָ󱯵顣
˵ʵŹҲţ̫ްˡ
Ϊ鷢̫ͻȻ˷Ӧ
ܿ죬ֱع칬
·ϣǲԸģֱع칬Ҽȥʱ̫ʬ壬ţ̫ȥˡ
ʵʵڲܽܡ
̫йʱִ߱治ĴҲûҪ̫ӵȥ
ǣ̫ȴʵʵڵûˡ
һűʹһø̫ҽǰ鿴̫ӵ
Ȼ̫ǧ֮һжòôҪˡ
ʱǸദʱĳ̫ӴСǰɳĵεΡ
Ҳÿ̫֮ǰЩá
ȼλ̫ҽ̫ӵʬ壬óĽۣһ̫Ǳ֮󣬿ķŭҲѹֲס
ֱŹˣع칬źˣһһȫ£̫ӵҲһû¡
̫ĪıԼңЩ˲ʧְпǶ̫ӵ֡
ҪĻıΪ̫ӱ

ٹ
ţֻƽҴҵؽӣ̫ްˣ
˻һĿӶûȣֱӵϡ
²ŵһ飺˵̫ްˣ
ƽִһӣȷʵ̫ްˣ
ūŽӵϢ󣬾͸ϽѾԸȥع칬ˡ
ԣȷƽûڸЦ
վʵ֪̫ôû𣿡
û˵̫ʲôô˵ûûء
ƽҡҡͷڻֻ֪˵̫ӳٳûŽ鿴˭֪̫͸ˡ
⡭¶ʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
˵̫ӵΰ
뵽ǰ̫ӻдһţǿһ¡
Ҳ֪֮䣬ûʲôǣ
ڲ˼ЩʱæڷԸߵѩѩϽױ֮ȥһع칬
̫ӸոްţױΣǷΣ϶ҪһЩ
ǡ

߸֪̫ްţλλɣҲͬһʱյϢ
˸µķӦ࣬ǳһ
֮ϽױҴææȥع칬
δּ̫ӣްˣȻͬСɡ
ǸϹȥ˱һ¶̫֮ĹעͿ֮⣬ҪıǴ̽Ϣ
һԴǸʲôӦ̬ȣдδô¡
Ҳ

ڿΪ̫ӵްĲʱ̫ͼλλɣҲҴҸع칬
ʱ򣬲˭ֳһʹֵģȻÿΪء
ֻǴʱĿ˵Լ塣
ֻ뾡̫ӵ֣Ϊ
ԣڻ̫ͼλλɵ󣬿ֻ̫ͬ󵥶˵˼仰
ˣȴûǸӦ
֮󣬿㷢üλλɻȥ


367 
´ع칬֮Щ̫ӵһ
ĵ
Ȼɣ룬е㲻صʵȷʵˡ
ǲ֪˭֣
̫Ѿ㣬˭ôݲҪأһ˼ҵֶΣֱӽ˶ˡ
У㲻ѭء
Ͼ̫ӵ붾ţ˭֪״Ҳж
пģ̫ӵͦĵģҪȻҲ˴󶯸ɸ꣬Ҫࡣ
֮һȦùº̫¶ҳɹˣĲ١
Ϊ˵Ϊ̫ı֮ع칬Ǳߵĵλֱ½
̫ĹţͱɱɱѺĹѺʣµЩźˣۼ̫ǣҲԽ
˿ɳ֮


ع칬֮󣬾ԵЩ٣ֲ̿
û뵽̫ı֮£ĺӡ
ȥع칬˵һҪֵļƣЩ
˵ڶ̫֮ǰѾ˰ţ¿ŵȻ׷ס
Ļ̫ӵɾ;ϸˡ
ʱİŲһʧûκֻҪģпܾͻ¶š
ǻҲ֪ʱܶˡҪȻ¶ţץסѱ
Ҳֻܾ䣬̬չ㡣

ȴ˵һŹ̫ӵһߴ񸮸̫ɥ
Ҫǣɥǰջ̫ӵΪɥ
ּһʱǰȻ󲨡
Ͼ̫֮ǰ֮·ͬСɣްˣȻҪ̫ӵɥǾ
ܲΪˣһһӵ˰ɡ
ǲǶЩף
ϧʱĿ̫ӵͻȻްţֻʣһǻ֮飬ȥκλ
ڳʱȰɣҲһС
һǻӰ磬ǳ㶼ҪΪ̫ӿɥ

ů
һҹδߣ˿ЩǷϣƣ
ʱ
ֻߵڵſڵŹߣߵ
Ź΢΢ɫһϿӵĿһۡ
ʱȻڵʲôֻܸ˵˵ʲôĻء
Դ˼ֲá
Ͻ
ûڣǿԱߵŹ
״ŹʾĶ΢΢˵ͷ
ֻӲͷƤүع칬иɨСཻ̫֮ǰ̫дһţ͵͵ȥٹ
С̫˵̫֪ӵʲôܣɱڣֱӶ̫ӵ¡
˻һʱðɵֱһɺԣѹҲǸҺҧģ
ѹʲôӣϽЩȥ
ϲģҲĵֶΣ֮¡
˵¶̫ӣֱǺ
ɵԸҲûһЩ˵ֶΣȥԸɡ
Уйʱѹûǰ˵̫ӵİ䲻ǡ
ȴ˵ڱ¶̫ӣֱǺ
Ҫ뺦̫ӣڵĵλֻǰ˵̫ӵĻͺãֺ˴£´˵顣
ֱǶһ٣
οҲ˵̫һ䲻ǣ֮ûκγԹ
ÿԼңҲѹкԭȥ̫ӡ
ԣһ
ֻҪүӾͺá
˵ʵ㱨ǰҲһĵġ
ֻ飬ֲܲү֪
ҪȻǾʧְ
뵽˴ֻӲͷƤūҲǺҧ֮һ˽֮ǰʱȷʵ̫Ӹ͹һš
ǽżٹ̫ƽУûֽӣԣ󵽵ûԿţ˾Ͳö֪ˡ
ԣ΢΢üͷ
Ҫһ˵飬Ǻҧ
Ҫ˶˵ȷʵôһżʱ򣬾ͲܺĴˡ
ѵ̫֮ǰȷʵѹдһױš
ǣ̫Ӻѹ֮һûʲôΪλдôһء
Щ⡣
Ȼʣã붫һٹ׿ȥء
˵Ǭ幬ٹֻǸǽѣԿٹ
µ֪֮󣬾Ȼֳ䶨ĸо
Ȼ
ϾȻѡֱӹڱĵ£ԼǾεġ
Ҳ˵ûн̫ӵϵΪ
һ̹ȻϾ㲻ʣҲǻһ˵µġ֮ǰʱ̫ȷʵͨƽһŹ
΢΢һ㶡
û뵽̫ĸѹݹš
½ŵݣȴ̫óڻȻܴӦ֮Ŷһ²һµ̬ƽżֱˣ͵ûôһ¹Գûڻǰ˵顣
˵¿ţҪǲţֱȥƽ檿û˵ٻ
Ȼġ
ΪûбҪѡ
ΪֻҪѣбҴĿܣûбҪһ١
ֻ̫Ҳ룬йʱѹļƻôܻԼǰΪ˵ûء
̫ӴͷβҴˡ
ȻŪдһ£ֲŶ̫ΪȻҪȥ
һǸ˵͵͵̫Ӹѹżѹпܾ˶̫ӵɨС̫࣬ͳ¼ͻƿڡ
Ͼ֪̫Ӹѹ֮£ҲûбҪ˵ѹ̫仰
οС̫ѹԩ޳˵仰ԵЩһ١
ڹˣ¾ѹΪһ㡣
ԣС̫˵϶бĿġ
˱˵ָʹָʹˣпܾĻ֡
ĻԵЩˡ
Ȼ䣬˾Ǳ߾ʹ˺Ϣ
С̫ڰסгһõϢ
ʱůڵƻͨ˼ǸС̫ʵҲ֪˭ڱ𣿡
΢΢˵ͷȷʵġǸС̫໹һθٹǸˣ˵Ǹٵʹ˱һӲӰ
ԣɹˣпĹˣֻûȷ֤ݰˡ
Ͼʹһֱûסɣ˸ճɨĹˣ˼ֱٵĿ
˿пܵıˡ
ȻҲǸ۷Ϊ˲֪ϸҲ˵׼
׽֡
λǻ˴󰢸硣
ڿ
ͻȻ䣬˺ܶ顣
ҪǻΪĻ̫ӵһж˵ͨˡ
ĸӶԴ֮λ죬ɲһˣȷʵݲ̫ӡ
ҲΪ̫ӣҵɡ


368 
ͨеĹϵ֮󣬿ɫһӱѿ
ڻûȷ֤ݣ֤̫ӵǻĸΪڿȴѾ϶˾µĶ֡
뵱Ϊ˴֮λڳϽᵳӪ˽֮⣬˽ûô󰢸̫ӱͷʹӡ
˴ûὫ̫أء
ԣ֮˭뺦̫ӣ϶ǻĸĪ
ټϵӴ󣬾ûǲ顣
ŹͻȻڡ
ūڣŹǰ
ȥץˣѻߵĹ˶ͳͳ£Ȼ͵˾һúʣ
ȻѾ˻ɶ󣬿һһѰ֤ء
ֱ׳н
Ͳˣ鲻Ļʹ
뵱°ܣǻʹץνĴŮĶȫչ¶ǰ
ԣھʹֱôС
ΪֻЧٵĲ̫ӵ
˵᲻ԩˣ᲻ץˣԲ𣬿δǹ⡣
ץˣԩ˻Ҳš
ŹϽӦ
˵ʵҲû뵽үֻΪС̫һɣ˲ʹ󰢸һ档
ٹλһȣֱ֮
Ź̲סһꡣ
ϧܻеίжж
һ˿ĵ
ԣŹһǰ̫࣬ںҹÿĹţȥץʱֱӾͽĹɵˡ
Źзִ磬ץ˿ԣܶġ
Ϊʳӵĸûȷ֤֮ǰݸе滹Ҫġ
龰ʼľ֮ȻԴУͼԼλѹˡ
ֻһжȻԴǣŲŹߣѾ޼¡
Źץȫߣֱ̱ڵأ֪һжˡ
˲棬һ϶ԸȣʹҹĹץˣɼ¶˾ġ
˻֮̿ġ
Ҵ󰢸ԲߣǴʱҹ䣬Կһʱˡ
ֻܵȵſʱȥ󰢸ǰ

Źץ˻֮󣬾ͽȥ˾Ȼ󲻸һ˿飬˿ʼҹʡ
ϾǬ幬Žء
ҪǽûһջȲ˵ǰһ˵ҪųԹ䡣
ԣζҪͳõĶ
ڲ˶Ӳͷͷ
ӲͷǾǲ̣ҧ˲˵ͷͱȽˡ
ܿ죬ܲס̷ĥ¶Լ֪һС
ȻһȻܿ͵õҪ֪ġ

ů
ڵȴѶ䣬С˯Ƭֻ̣Ϊװ飬˯ò̤ʵ
ⲻŵһ˹
Σ
ϽػүѾܲס̣ʲôˣȷʵǻָʹع칬ŷˣ̫ӵʳжֽš
ֽ֮ˣʵʩļƻȫ˵˳
º󣬻תߣ˽ˮõѹϵģҲ渵ع칬֪̫͵͵ѹȥһţ²̫ѹæүǰ顣Щסˣټүٳûз̫ӣ˲е˼ѡֱӶ̫¶֡
ôңŭɶ
еķŭǴ˶ɵĺ⡣
ǣ˵ʲôˣҲѾˣһɹˡ
ȴ󰢸֪£һ䡣
ҡҡͷ⵹û˽
ɼˣڴ󰢸ӡҲŻΪһǧɡ
ΪЩΪ˴󰢸硣
ܴ󰢸֪֪࣬ĸһ壬ļȵߡ
ĸӣǰһϵơ
˵޼˻ǶԴ󰢸Ҳһ

峿ӵϢĴ󰢸磬Ǭ幬ſڣΪ顣
ϧԴ˲Ϊ
˵Ǵ󰢸磬ûŹοǶ̫ӵĻ
϶ҪΪԼΪӦеĴۣôΪ󰢸飬ѡԻ顣
Ҫ˵Ļ̫ǰˡ
ܿ죬Źͽү󸣽ҲӰϹͬ󰢸һء
ԣûһ˿ҡȻôǾ͹Űɡ
˭֪ûȥ೤ʱ䣬ǰ˽˵󸣽εˡ
ߵŮ˵󸣽ڹ֮ǰѾµС
ԣʲô׵ģʲô֮ǰµУ֪Уǰš
˱ͷֱǳ˵Σ
˽󸣽ͻذڴ󰢸磬ţ
Ȼһиƽϣ󰢸磬ɲ


ٹ
ϸһƽ֪Źץˣд󰢸һȥǬ幬ţ顣
²²⣬Ӧ̫üĿͽ
ŪãĻΪ
һ룬־ôºܺ
治һΪ˴֮λҲ
Ͳ¿
˵ʵе벻׻Ϊ
⵽ǶԼģŸɰ
Ǵ󸣽ͻȻУЩ˳ϣֹ걧걧Ľ
󸣽ʱУҲһ顣
һǻû飬ͱ̫ӣһһһģö˶˻ŵĴ󰢸硣
ĸ׵ģﶼܲ
οǰľƫġ
ԣȴĸӵģɲʲô¡
ȻܿͶԻʹ󰢸֮£˴
߰籴󰢸ֱȦ
û˿˼ɻʹ󰢸ЩĸԼϼ˼
ּһȻǰ󹬣Ȼ󲨡
ԭΪ̫ްźΪʳӵĴ󰢸ǰ;
˭֪³Ȼҡ
ЩҲҵģ˭Ϊ˴֮λ㲻ֶء
³ҲǾȡѡ
Ҳ̲ס
ǲôˣôô
ǰ̫Ӻϣлʹ󰢸硣
ҪǣͦңˣһȦûһú³
˵󸣽µУҲҪŴ󰢸һܿࡣ
д󸣽֮ǰµСҲôС
ڽӵϢȴһҡ
ʲôԼڻţҿķϣûж˾顣
ڳ³ôá
Ӧ˵һһҡ
ΪλȻǽõһ
ٱ𱻴ĵͻҪõöࡣסһλһסԼ硣
ֱǲҵ顣
˵ⶼ鹦İؼ͵͵
ʱ˿̣ɾȻǰδеİġ
ˣΪҲʱ֣ԭλɲΣְҵ
˵һվͷ´Ҫļ塣
㿴߸ϵ˰ؼ֮⣬ɱλ͵һ˺á
һ룬ɾȻãλݵ;λݵͰɣóͲóɣںôסһǲġ
պǻǼʵʵĴں󹬰ɡ
ҪȻתСͲˡ

̫ްţȦ󰢸磬һ鷢ԭͲûõĿܲסٴβˡ
տʼʱ򣬿Ϣܿ컹Ǳ֪ˡ
½÷ְչط֮󣬱ֱǬ幬̼
йʱЩƣᳵ·õġ
ڣ´Źж˹ŷոõļ˿ࡣ
ֻᴵļ˿ɢȵĸһЩ
Ĳˣһһ׵ιϵĿԡ
һιһ߻߶߶Ͼ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲΪ룬壬ɲԼģΣҲúúñǡ̫Ҫ֪ˣ֪жൣأôġ
УһҪ˲ǡ
ովһϵдĿǰδеĴϸĹģﾹȻֳο
ǰˣĵģǵġ
ÿһɵǰδеĸжΡ
թʹٻԼ
õᱳԼҲõﲻһһףһס
ңƣ۵ʱģˡ
ܶģպ϶̣Լ塣֤
ԣ̲סϴҲ˵ġ
һΡ
ֻεðɣ檾ŻһΡ檽ҪǬ幬ŻϢ
Ź˽Ѿ͵͵ˣβΪ찾ҹ˯ټ۱ʹ¡
áڴӦ
ԣ¶һĵЦ
״ڲԶŹһ
֪ѹεסү
ЩӣЩūŵȰ˵үȻأԼˡ
ںˣѹˣүɾ̣Լӣ϶ǲܹˡ
ЩūŵģҲܺúϢһˡ
ϾӣүţҲֻܸһ𰾡
㣬±Ǭ幬һչĿһߵ˼ලϢΡ
пеʱأͻٹһˣطСѡ
ڿβûϴǰأûΣ
ֻҪúϢʱҩɡ
лҪ˵
ȫʽˣ֮󿴿д⡣
