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ڻ
ߣǰ
İ
䴩ԽС˵ڻҡ
;ؼ
˳ҡ
طֳ֣һС˵ڻҡ
ȫҳŮý㣬ȫ
Ҫô죿
£Աһֻ൱һǮʷѣҲˡ
ǣ
ݱǩ Խʱ  ϵͳ 
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣѩ  ڻҷɸ
Ʒ
䴩ԽС˵ڻҡ;ؼ˳ҡطֳ֣һС˵ڻҡȫҳŮý㣬ȫҪô죿£Աһֻ൱һǮʷѣҲˡǣ˭뵽˯ҲܴԽˡ£źӣ
ΪжڻҵҪô죿Խһξˣ˯ҲٴСţԭ֮ǰļһﲻɵӰܹ죬ȴ޷ıŮҪľġ¹˼ʤϸˮܰƽУů飬飬飬Ŷ߽һҸ򵥵磬жʡ
1 
Щĳ;ϣֻЩɬ۾⣬ĳϤɽ£ĿдӲ̫ʵĳＷĺ硣
ޱȵĻ
޷ͷٹһСʱܹңʮãǹһ˿Ц䵭ﻹڴȴͻȻס
ת䴦һĦгͻȻӭ˳ۿ˾ϵתỵ̂߾𣬽췭ظת顱һ졣
㣬û°ɣ
û¡֣ʹѵĶͷʶػش𣬻ڲŷֲԾ
װСѾͷľʳᣬϸа۰׵֣
ʲôˣ洫ӣ

űײͬʱǾֵļС
ҡҡʹѵԴ̧ͷͿСѾͷڲϵضɫҰףȫǿ־壬£ҳȥúôš
㡣
СѾͷһֺ¡
û¡
ƿӣѪʪȵĶϣʳָһȾʺɫٿŲԶ׺ݵĴ򶷣ʱʱ˵¡
һºӿʼٵת
ˣ
Կ϶
ڲΣҲȷ
ôʲôҪģһ۲ܣȻֱӳŻĵطȥ
棬ͷڵŵˣ϶Ѿ
ƾԼɫ򶨣ڽһСɵĽս󣬸ǿʱʱװѧһڵ䶯ӲۻҵĴ£Ӳûܰˡ
ûϵȫҪ
ۿžҪΣ
ͻȻȫҶҵĽ

ߵܣ
ү
ŮǵȻǳĴ̶ɺɱ
ˣ
һɫߵ£ﲻϵðѪüΣֻϧǰû˵һ
ȫĽˡ
һѪſڵװСתԴһװ׵ģɰС޾ôǰЩҵĶӣҲôףôɰ
ĵסһѵǸղǸȥĻµġ
һߵĽƺ̼ЩˣС޵Ų̣Ҳ˺ѷεĿͳȥ

ļдž
ĵþȫشӺ˵ĺ󱳽ĵط̽ȥ˳ش壬ڶԷĶð
ϵط֣ںתʱܵǰ棬С޾ܡ
ʱ򣬱ƴ
Ϸˣ䣬䣬үû¡
ιȥϷˣһ⻰һȻ䣬ѾͷʱһѪ׵ϳʲôȥү
˹ȥ
ʹ
ϱһܷǰжϣӦû˼Ҫ
ǰӦĻһѽ˹ȥܣ
ķӦҲͦ죬һӦ׷ĺˣһϽСܡ
ڻصȫ仹ûüһЩ˾ͽӭսĻǸΧˣԵǵʤ㲻
ϷˣôûҺ¡
££һģٵȵȡ
ڳŮУ䣬򶨵ҲǱϷ˵̫̫
ȱȡ
òףֻһʱҲ벻ʲô취
ȴֱӶ֣һ֣͸Ӳ
ǰûŮ죬ڵ̫̫˵仰ʹӷγһӣ׳
绨Ůʹ̡
Ů⻰׷״ͷϰӣ֮䣬ѡǰߡ
ĬĬǰһѵ˱еĿ
ûüȣؽеϷˣܣ
˳ۿȥЩжˣЩƴΪǴһӣʱܣǾͶԲǵΰˡ
ٿһŮ죬ղžȵСޱһʮֿѾ߱ţģţ͸ղŵ̫̫
߻ʮĸˡ
㱳
ָ˾Ѿߣ˷ǣ䣬ˣֱվ̫̫ǰֱ˫ȣϷˣҵĲӡ
ϷʶرĲӡ
Ȼֱӳ˳ȥЩŮˣԼȣҲԼɹܲôࡣ
Ȼô˵ǳźһ䣬ܣ
һȺŮһӾͻعƽʹĴС㣬սӵͬʱܵǽһɿ죬ĺˣֱӾͱǸײˡ
ˣҪѾͷôصˣܱ̫̫ܣΪʲôС


2 
һ˲飬־ȴһ¡
˵Щ޸֮ŮӣǱϱһ̫̫Ҳ֧
ţ˵ͷۻ÷ǳ
ȥС
룬̫̫ԱߵС꣬׼Ҹεĵط
һ󴮸Ž
ؿǣôĿôأ
ֻǣһʧӣܰǸϳȥ
ݵĳΪ˱ЩҲġ
һŰɡ
ǣһȺ˼һ𣬶һͰĵطһסԽԽĽŲŵ
ˣ
ͻȻһһкüˣѪһ·ЩѭѪɵؾҵǵġ
ȻصҲûжأһ˿ұƵζͦܵġ
ͣǰɣҿˡ
Ĺ̲סץӣžણžવµ
ȻǰïܵӲݱ
һžֵףʮ졣
ϴ󣬾Ѿͷ
ͻȻкָݺݵ˵
ֵܱѾͷ͵Ϯɥֱǳ衣
ţͱ³˳
ϴĺֱӾǰ죬಻幫֣¶۾ϸش
ڣԴس˵ıײ˹ȥȻƴȫʹȣжԷҪͲţ˻ܵסһš

ϴɿ䣬ɲ˾Ϻ״ϵس
ͼԷһģ˷ӦסĵۿźüѵԴк룬ˡ
ûоʹܲˣǰһڣ˾ֱ˹ȥ
һţϴĲҽñ͸ϵˣ˳˹
˱ʣ²࣬ں޷£ܿͱ
ĸû°ɣ
е䣬񿴵Ķ
ҲԶĵطˣʬҲ̶ãһ˽ӵϢֱӾˣԭǶ׼ôһӷˣ͵źЩûйҵȥԡ
ȴʵ
ĸ׺ñͷʹޣֶֶŮҲſޣܵòС
ڻаְֺڣʹѣɥ¡
ǸһǧоɹĵʦҲˣ֮ǰ;Ľ׺ֵϾҪǮ͸ôˡ
һǧ򣬼Ӧܹúܺá
֪µʱ򣬼ֺݺݵؿһ٣ӻҪŹģۿһƽҲػָˡ
Ȼ󣬼ĳʧһСѾͷһ
ò˵Ѿͷʮˡ
꣬үүز÷Աôõóβӡ
СѾͷ͸ҶԽسϰϼҿݵ֣Ϊͬգָ̾Т˳͸㹻ӣǣϸĵؽ̵
˺СѾͷƾĻ龢һͳΪϷԺѾͷһһʮʱͳ˴Ѿߡ
Ϊ̫˳СѾͷȻԺӲ˲һ˼
ڲûж
֮ԻᴩΪҹǿסʣϷȥ㣬·粻ϣȻϷź
ȥ˺סʱײϣˡ
Ⲣص㡣
ȵǣǵãؼҵ;УΪģֻС˵Ϸˣ䣬ŮӵȫԵϡ
ԣǳС˵е䣿
һоϷˣԺϷ˳ŵӦһ顣
Ůߴ˵ӡ
ϷﲻɴӦҪȻڻˣӣңûκαСѾͷֿ֪

οأ
䣬λӳþ˫Ҳȥ룬˵ɸҪǸûᡣ
۾ԭļ䣬Źɫķ䣬Ҳİ
㣬ˡ
š
俴СѾߵͷϵʹ΢΢ü
ͼһûһᣬķ;ۼһūš
Ѿͷˡ
ͷóʱϷ˶۰ĵġ
ζ㣬Ȼǲ롣ϷһȰ˵
ӡ
С
Ѿͷô˵úˣȱʲô͸˵֪𣿡
š
ٴεͷ
ôĹͣʲôҪ󣬾ᡣ˵⻰ʱ̫̫Ҳȷʵôģô˵ôܲ͡
Ȼ̫̫ԼѾߣҲôʶȤֵ̫Ҫ
Ļո£ظокü˵ɫԡ
ʲôԡ
šϷ˵ЦЩˣţ䲻ôûɫģվֲϵظʹɫ
Ѿͷү˼Ȼû˵Ժ˾ĻῴѡʱǴԸҲá


3 
Ϸˣū澡
ڴϣۿ˵ū澣ūؼҡ
ô˵˶һ
ū֪Ϸ˶ū澶ɽԽ͵õıӻδܹίҲԹʲô࣬˵ӣūǰζġ
ͷ
ʱһãū澾ңرڹڵʱ򣬳͵ĺóԵģūÿζţҪǵܳһڣǸжã֮ǰЩ˱Ƶεʱūֻһźûټһ档
ƫ壬ټŬѹֲټ˵ıˣڳ˶ۿ
ˣҲ֪үүڵôǸư֪ͣɻ۸Ҳ˵￴źʵ֪ҵʱ򣬻᲻Ҳһֵǡ
˵̧ͷ̫̫
̫̫ūڲףǰ˵ĻǶԵģѶԼҵĹѣūүү̣ܵǣū澾ؼҡ
˵⻰žžµȴҧ촽ûп޳
䣬úӣްؼҰȥǣ⺢ӣô򣬷ҪҵǳϷȻЦ˵⻰ģȴ־ڲòðᡣ
лϷˡ
û뵽ô˳˵꣬׼ͷֻǣǰһڣֱӾ͵˴ϡ
һڡ
֪޴ԺϷ˷Ը˺úź򣬾ʹһȺ뿪
صԼӣ뿪󣬲Ÿ̾
⺢ӣǸТ˳ġ
ֵͷɲǣūҲǿһТĵġ
ңôѣ
һεͷ
ΪҪūȥӣƵòһ˶ΪûǮүβ̫̫ǲ֪ʼʱ򣬿ɲôˮ飬ͷݻƣһĹͷϵ·ȫǲƵģū˺ü²ŸҴ̫ǰ
ѾͷҲǣϷЩᣬҸ˵
̫̫ƣҲ컯
ԼߵˣźҲкüˣһ鶼ûУϷ˵˵㣬ҺѾͷҲ̫ˡ
͸飬ɲǣ
Ҫϻˣ
ӷѭȻҪ䣬һӿ¶ˡ
˵˻𣿡
ᡣ
ֵɫЩȻһôһ˿ڣ²˵ס
ùҩأ
ҡͷ˵˿̫̫ūʹùҩҲһİ̡
Ϸ˲ûвԵ̵ģȻѾ߲һ˼һ£Ⱥúˣ뿪ʱ򣬶׼ЩǼãⶫʵá
л̫̫
ڼ䣬Ⱳеʱ⣬˾˯ͳԵģ˻˵úܡ
ʮȬʮһµףһµʱ䣬Ӧܸϻȥġ
ǱϷ˵ʱؿͷԷһʮ̫̫ˣﲢñŤ
ؼҺúùӡ
Ϸǣ˵ǲ£ҲҪ£ǺȥģҪ۸㣬дŸ˵Ҹ
̫̫
۾
һǧӣţ̫Լ֪𣿡
šͷ
ǸķС㣬ϸĶǮһȦﾹȻǧӣӴ͵ģǲƴǵģ£ϣԺбĻᡣ
ĽǶȿ⣬ԭҲƵǶɽĸֵġ
ЩЩýôģԼһЩúӣǸиģ̤̤ʵʵӣԺ϶˵ġ
˺ôӣΪ˺ӺֻҪԼǾͲӹ̫ġ
š
ͷ
뿪ʱͬΪѾߵƯ͵ģоŮ˿޵滨꣬˺һᣬһֱۿ
˵ʲô͵ͷ
ʱ˺ȥ滹һǳ
;лģ˯Ժָֻ棬Ȼ𾪵ؿģһġԡ֣ʲôʱеġ
ֲ˲
ţõ鷢ˣ۾ϤԱҳգۣգۡ
ڵӰвŻֵĿƻû沢ûʧ
ڿһ£ܴ򿪡
ѵԱҵѾܹԽʱ
ȷԺ䵹ҵˣʼо
ܻһ
ֻǣеĶƺԱˣ˵ǣһ൱һǮĽ˷ѡ
ֹȥܱ֤Ʒ𣿡
ܣֻܾû˻ܣллס
صʮָɴ࣬ʱֲһ䣬һǮһֻܱȱ˵бϡ
Ǻǡ
ֻô֣ţǱҪǾԲģ̫ˡ


4 
ºڿԭϤľ󣬰СȴֲѵسſڣϷš˫ס֣Ӷ߲
ؼҴ壬һӵϰٻ˼ҵĴ䣬ϱһС񺮶£һƬߣݴȴֺԵؼһ
ݲ鿴
ˡ
ݳСͣǰòԺӣ⾹ȻļңôƳ
ϰԵȥɴ׼ʱ򣬲žصô̾Ͱɴ£ƿӣʵĿ¶Цݡ
㡣
С˿һۣԴ¡
俴źͼиһģһԺӣȥˣˡ
Ƚȥ鷳СԵһ¡
ҡ
С̻ش
ƿԺţЩɻôĶôû˳ֱߣԺӣ¿Լһ׶ȣٿż͵ݡ
ؼ˶һ㶣ؿ
߽ݵһ̣ͷղԾƺվţһɫɷףһһŭɫ䣬Ӧԭλý㡣
ϲôһ˵
䣿
СؽеͨɣûףģǷǳҵĴŮ

΢Цһˡ
䣡
ȷԼĴŮһվ嵽ǰһѾͱס䣬ﻹΪҲˣ
žͼؿˡ
ϵĿޣûаѹ֣ҲС˼䶼ۿ
ֱ
еһ߼áֱС

ͷһУһʵĺ¶һЦݣ۽ȴˮ¡
߰ɡ
һߴųСضߵĸ˵
š
ϵͷŶӲ׼ǡ
ǱߣȰѻ˵˵ǿӲ
ֱüͷֱӾͱϡ
顣
ӣСؽе
λǣ
ɿ䣬תץ֣һ㣬ֱĨᣬ㲻ǵ𣿷Ӽҵĳϰӡ𣿡
ˣԭӡģСʱ;λҸһ档
ԭǳͷ磬δʧ֮¡
Ͽ¶һ˿Цݣʱÿ죬䶼ôˣͺãԺпյȥջúúͼ˾۾ۣЩ꣬Ƕܵ㣬Ǿˡ
ͷ
վס
һǳ⣬䶼üͷת飬㣬Ҫ飬Ҫ˵ɣ
ûУûС
黹û˵ҡͷش
˵
ֻϧɲĲ˵˸ɿ
ǣǼﲻãǾȻҪףˣޣϣ鶼ȥ𣿡ϴлֱӾͳŷһ̵ڵϣŨŨһţĵ䶼Щ¡
˶֡
첻˵˭Ҳš
ʮְ⻰
ȿȡ
ϱˣԭͲõ壬ֱӾͲͣؿæı
Ϻȴʮּ˵ϣףһҪףȻᱻġ
𼱣ġ
˵⻰۾̧ͷؼҵˣǶӲһ֣ҷûаԲؼҵģиôǲŲǵġ
üһںЩϤųϵɫ磬𼱣Ҫ
ϲϲ
СˣϲĽл˽վſڣ˵㣬Ը
Ұλϣȥسǿ򡣡˵⻰Ӻɰóӳ˹ȥ˵
İɣ㡣
ϲӹӣߵǰӣС
æϡ
һλָղŻһϴʱɫܲá
䣬үүߣүү
ЦŶ֣ڸղŵ飬һȫӡ
үүӿɻã
ãõúܡؿ䶼ôˣүүټ㣬ҲûźˣЩ갡үү͵㣬Բů۸ѾͷҲǸɵģСʱүүҲûжãô͸ҵİôĵӰ
Ѿ꣬ÿʱָжܡ
汿үүһϹͷ˾ˣֵԼһȥźˣ㡣
߶߶Ů飬ЩĽᣬµľСŮ˵Ľ䣬ܾίϢȥ
˵үүҺܺãӶҷǳãڼﶼҪģո㲻Сˣˣרһġ
𣿡
ĻöĶ
ˣԺһֱڼġ
Ǿͺá
ͷ
ȥҸһżûʲôˣ˵
Ǹøġ
ϵͷվ
Ҫȥӡ
ãŮˣ϶ñʾһµġ˵꣬Ͼ˳ȥûһᣬִҴҵ˻䣬ڼҵң𵽴֪𣿡
á
ͷ


5 
䣬۲ۣҪҪϢһ᣿ǸݵСͷһͷİ׷ƣȫʵʵʮꡣ
شԹԵؿڣԺүүͰķ˳һֱţһܹס
үү
е
˾ȥϢһᣬȥɨɾءһ߲䡣
̣Ҳۡ
ҡͷ⻹һĶҵĶҳȥҰһ¡
еصͷ
㣬ҲܰæġʮкЩнؿڣ˵껰Ͳ˼صͷ
ƽͳɣ
ЦʣܵܣԭҵʱҲӣ񶼳ôˡ
صͷĿģ㣬㻹ǵǣ
ҵĵܵܣôǣ߰ɣҰᶫȥһ͸վһ˳ȥ
ԥҪҪȥԼҵʮ
ϴģæᶫ
û뵽ŮĶ治٣ǴľӾкü˵ĸɫƥճƷµģ㶯㣬ŪĶ
еظ˵صͷųصľӣСƶŽŲ
㡣
˳󣬿ϵĶЩɴ۾
ʲôᣬϸһ㣬ҪŪˣҳǡ
ָӼˣĵظԼС˵ϸŵ㣬ЩƤǳ۲͵͵˶
ġ
ϺܸˣˣͷҲһ㣬⾫õúܡ
俴ķ䣬ǽѷͲϵĺۼɫȱǽڷŴԼһľԱ߻һȽµױ̨
ӷŵϾС
˶࣬ܿģĵطͷĶ
佫׼Ķڴϣһˣ¶΢Ц
̫ãҲ֪˻ˣܵǳˣҲû·Щţҵ⣬ԺڼҪλ岮չˣʲôò׵ģǾ˵ǵֶŮɱҵˡ
˶һģƥ޲ֻǻɫ΢Щͬ
ô˼
ô˵ȴؽӹƥϸĴУֱӾЦһڻ
䣬˵⻰ͼˣ£Ժʲô飬˵һС˵ʮˬ졣
ȴǿһ壬ˮԺ󣬼ͷŽӹ˵ʲôɿ䣬¶ԷЦʮУǽš
ǣ˰죬һҲû˵
䲢⣬ϣүү̣ǰҲڼңԸ·ɣˣǿɱղá
䰡úϢУ·۾Ѳǣͳɡֱ׳˵
黹ãֱ﷭ۣ˼ƫ۵ʱܱܲһЩǵ۾Ͳ
үүһҪġ
֣⻹ԭĸܵŮ켼ܡ
á
Цŵͷ
һӵȻТ˳⺢Ҳ̫ʵˣôõĲ˵;ͣͳȥô࣬ŶۣԼԺ
ҪͣҲͣñ˶켸İɵӣ鶼
ɣͷø˵˵ô󷽡
ʱ򣬰һ˶˸飬ʲô飬ǾҪԺദ֪
æһ˱ƥȥүү̵ķ䡣
䣬ʲô
ʵ
үү̣ЩҸúͶ׼ġ
ԭҪܾģһ뵽ŮЩԥˣǼҵãŮҲǺù
䰡Ĳû˰ɣ
ŮҲ̫ʵˡ
еġͷ
Щɡ
үүúͶСʱҶð⼸ƥʲôӻںͷأ䲢û˵ѣԭСʱԵ춼ùġ
ȻǸһֶŮģĺӶС
⺢ӡ
˵꣬еغͻϣԺǶ࿴ŵ䣬ЩˣԺ󵱼ױɵˣ֪𣿡
еغͻͷ
ˣүү̣Ǹȥسǰɣȫ˶ȥ
һƼݣرˣӹǿŲǺܺãоȥسǿвĿҩβûľ͸һ»ʳȰ岹Ҫġ
ʲô
ŮҪѪĸо
Ȼ˵ĻԺֱҡͷȥҺء
Ǯʲô
үүǮ
˵ţͳƱÿŶһģﻹһЩүү룬ӻںͷȷȥ
˾ȵؿƮƮֽɴ۾
ȻԼٶȽƱĺɰСغǳûӰƲ¶֪𣿻˵ǵġ
˷׷׵ͷ
УԺôǮϣһɰô죿
ٴεͷһͶҪǻǣӡ
ѽӣѵӦǾɵɵǰӾϲʵۣ
˭Ҳ׼˵ر㣬䣬ס˰ĳɲɣ
ͷԼүүӸɰ
үү㵽ȥȥ
ȥ
ͷŮȻǮТ˳ȻںͷҪŬػһЩ


6 
ȥ
ڶ죬ؼ˳Ծؿͷ
￪˵ȥͺˣأ˷Ǯ
䣬ͱһѣ۵
ûСȴúϴ˵öԣϣȻ˶ôȫû⣬Ͳȥˡ
ɵۣ
ϺҲһۣ˵ȥʰһ£һͳţϾҪˣس˶࣬ѺӸҿˣ֪𣿡
˷׷׵ͷ
һؼңͲһ²ĵģ￴ҲָţؼҾ󲿷ﶼʮָ˵ġ
ϾǵȻϣܸ߸˵ġ
ȥʰһЩˡ
Լҽ㣬ҲһۣĺøжȾȻֻʮҪ֪ƫ۵үүʮģǺǣҺ飬򣬲ѹ
䣬лл㡣
ʱòصл
㲻ؿһˡ
΢Цǰý㣬۳࣬ٻͶҪºÿһЩһע⵽ȴǶ㣬ر˫󣬵Բÿɰ͸¶ţ˶
΢΢üǰãЦ紺磬˵Ҳܶɶĺøжֻʮոռ񣬻˵ʲôһˣЩα
ȫ֪Ѿαıǩ

˶ȥʰˣ¼ȥسǣҪԺһУϿѾ׼õĹţЦ˵ȥ
˵
붼롣
ֱӾܾ
һת䣬䣬˵˵
ü
˵Цˣֻòֳ飬Ȼ̲ͬȥȻɣžˡ¶ʮֹɵЦݡ
˸ŵͷ⻰
еؿŮ˵ضǽ
գϻûȥɣ۰Ͱ͵ؿ뿪ıӰԺĶߵöᣬȵòʱ򣬿ķ䣬۾һ
Ѿͷöô࣬һһ֪ᷢˣΪģܽΣߣ˭ղŲ˵顣
뵽һ̰سȥϹһѾµСԭΪôСҲʵһͿ˺ð죬һöûС
ƵһƨڵϣԹ޵ؿ޿κΡ
ؼ˵سǣֱȥҩ̣õĴһһȻԼ϶ٶЩëڶء
ֻϿҩҲãһº
˴󲿷Ӫʳ϶ע⣬ؾܲġ
ǣؼҵ·ϣֶһˣ˵ض飬˵ӣǴ϶ϲãŸˣˮֱ
ڼϣô⣬ӵԹһӾʧ
һ׼һٺõʱϺͳٴεţֱ˵⣬֣ס
˾ˡ
϶˵ʮˬͬ⣬ߣôƯСӻΪǷǻᰡ
ȵȣһҪ˵ģҪ˵ǶԲҴ㡣ϸǿӲ
ǣ޳ܡ
һͨ죬úܣҲֻ˵ôĸ
˵˭޳ܣ
ƺǾˣڳ˴󲿷ֶӻסˡ
̲סǼĪΪϾȻһҲη壬Ȼ̹Ȼ˵
ŽŵˣЩͷۡ
磬£ǹңʶ٣ƽϣлƽ͵˵ôӲһ֣𣿡
Ͼ˵öԣȥ
Щ˵ʶ٣˵΢Цӣ͸αĻеǲͣɹŲӣһŭվ
磬ײС£˵˵ԭ𣿡
䲢⣬ֻҪٳܾС
ȻҲûʲô˵ģѧһͬҾĺãҹϵܺãѧżǰңǴиسǰ̯Ķζͦãȥ˼ΣȻǸ;ǰ
ϵɫǲã˵ĻЩ˵ڣȴֲõԤС
Цǣλﻹ̽Ϣڵ֪δȢ޺󣬾ȻﰮĽ֮ģʱֻͬǵЦҲһʡ
ʱ龰ϾһӶ
˵
鲻ţɵȻ֪Է˵Ĺ˭֣˵ԶԶûиղôеϾʹһ̯һ㶼ûġ
ţش
ϳؿ顣
ңңûУ飬ҡ龪ŵطϡ
Ҫҽͬ𣿡
ô˵Ͼ͸ˡ


7 
䡰ᡱһ¾վɫ׵ˣͻȻ뵽ˣΪʲôԴӻصңˣ֣з鶼һϤС
ˣƺһС˵ڡ
ʲôʱ򿴵ѾǲˣҲֻǵһš
Ϊᵽؼи֮ҲûйҵŮҲ䣬УŮҲؼҵģԣЩӡ
ϣǴǿ֣ŮԼߵ˼˺оͰڻ˵ؼˣˣȻڲضԸŮ
Ҫǣɣڹû֮ǰҪԼŮȻûлɹһֱǺˡ
׵飬ŮΪǿȥ̯Ǯ׵ʱʮǿƣټϴĿڲԣ֮ʡ
ϵĸֱӾͱˡ
Ů֪˶ԷһֱΣҪֲһǵãǰɳضŮ˵ٶֲҲҪԼĺùһЩԣǶ
ˡ
ǰŮ鷳˵ǻԵģŮߵ˲˾ǲˣؼȫҵҲ
ײУֱš
ҪǣϵһֱǳãŮ޲ýʬȴòһ˵ףΪʵ۵ΪòԸᡣ
ǺεȵĿ£ãǾӦ˵ġ
ôôùؼҺúѣأԽ˵ִһڻҿӵһĿôôù
䣬û°ɣ
ϿŮɫǵʵ
Ѿתǧأӱܲûã黹ҪģãŬһ£˵׼ʵأ
û¡
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㣬ֻ㣬˵Ŀģ
ʳ⻰ʱڲ
ңҡ鲻֪λشϵģ·ĽԬʣգϰԵصͷش
俴ӣѾ֪˴𰸡
ʵϣЩ˽ŮôģӴھεͬʱȴһҲû飬ΪѰһź¡
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Ҫô죿
ᣬδȣʵҾѾǽҪôܻ⣿
䡣
Щĵؽеû°ɣ
俴ҡͷһҧ͹˳ϵǰ
䣬Ǹʲô
϶䲢УЩϲģؼҴжŮļҳһ֮ǰүүβ飬ǸжǷǳТ˳һˡ
Բ𡣡
˵Բ𣬳е֮⣬仹Ĳ֪ô죿
磬ģ׵Ǽû׵ԵɣҲؼңʱǻ˵ԲӰ쵽
ؼҺͷҵĳʼδɹڴɢԣͼ˷ϵΪԷͬûдﵽĿģⲢϾûм
ǳϵ
䣬˵ʲô
һӾ
ûк˵Ӧóе˵꣬ϣ֮⣬ҪǾ޶
ֻϣܽ˷ĸҲȼǺҪá
û˵ǿϡ
䣬֪ղŵĻʲô˼ʡ
ͷЦ˵ؼҵĺԺ˵׿ܶܵӰ죬һ˲ˣиͬͬ
ȻΪʼٸߣ϶Ҳܲˡ
ߣ˭ﶼС
飿
ϿŹǰ䣬ͻȻЩգô飬ǰĹôȻΪ飬üԲ˯ãʵ̫ˡ
ôţôóˡ
գһȥ֡
̧ͷҵؿ䡣
ã᲻̫ˣüøжߵľǴ㣬аʮ壬ԣǻ᲻ƫһõܿࡣ
ãֻһ䣬Ҫ๫ȥԱŮ棬Σͷ
⻰ԺȥֶΣˣŪѣҵȵȣȻĬˣЩһ˵Ҫݡ


8 
˶𾪵ؿ䣬ĸӡ
䣬ˣôòֵĹ𣿡ʡ
ͷ
ϲɵȻЩ𾪣ɻ⣬һһ˵ֻҪִ꣬ҲԲ˵׵ԭ򡣡
磬лл㡣
м˵Ȼֽ͵֣ô˶룬ᴫֵԣйȥʱ򣬿Ǵ鱻֪˵ĻԺԵܵ˵׻кܲõӰ졣
һ£Ȼڴܺ䶯ȴʮּ򵥣ܹҲûʮӡ
ϴų뿪ؼȴֱը˹׼ȷ˵ըˡ
䣬ʲô˼
ָıӣغ
ɩʲôû飬Լû̺Ů񵽹ֵˣҲǣɩǰͲϸ˼ҵĹӰɣףãҲʡ͵ĵƣֱӽŮ֣žһ󳰷
ҲҪȥ֡
˵
ģﲻȥġظʮ׺˵һֲ
ʲô¡
һҲ˵ʲô䣬үүôģ
ţôТ˳ĺӣл˼ġ
үүֻƼˣֻҪ룬·ڶϣΣ俪˵
㣬䣬ôô񶾣ĸεģƾʲôҶӣ
ֱӡ
϶سƽɫҲǲãһ㶼á
仹治֪ҲǶ׵ġ
ؼҵ˶ףҪĻǻؼҵ˹ȥѶԷļˣȻԼŮȥǼſҹ
ĳ裬˭ܵˡ
䲻˵Ϊˣ˵ٶҲֻ˷ѿˮǶˣһ˶ߡ
ߣΣǹ¶ĸģܰǳ˲ɣϾɵġ
Բǲ֪ҪǱ˼Ǻ޵ĻǿɲһٴµģˣֶǾҪġ
Ļؼ˵ɫס

ϳЦؿ䡣
ԣҾֱӳϣΪô㿴еλӣӦغеλɣ
ǵȻҵСӡϵ˵
˳Ծؿϡ
ȴǶ̬ѡ
˵úܣ޸֮Ҳˣǹ¶ĸܺ۸벻ҵĹӶԸ̺õ˵ʲô
˵ˣؼ˵׵þ͸ˡ
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䣬öԣվͽ͵ȥ
˵
ҲҪ鿴䣬벻ףΪʲôҪãʲôطˣΪʲôҪôң
˵⻰žžµ
ֻҪúõĻš䲢ûĽͣû˵ھһ˵Ҳû˵±ûΪףԭ˵
Ҫƽƽػš
ҲȥҲȥ
˵
ϺۣʱҲЩˣֻҪƯŮ˵һŸõ£ΪʲôôأתͷԼˡ
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ȥֱӿ˵
ϸŵͷ
鿴ˣȫĬ顣
㣬£һᾭȥġ鵹ǲ£ңǴĽǶȥģ׵ǿ϶סģڴЩȥ֡
˵꣬Ҳûл͵أȥ취ЩӻؼҾͿˡ
˵ʲô
¶ŵĶ飬飬ΪʲôҲôң
ͣԺйشĺøжȣֱ½ֱӾͽ㣬һ̣һǿãȻȫ֪Ϊʲô
ãǶôңҪҾԸ
˵ֱ꣬ӳһߵײ˹ȥ
һҪֹȴһסۿš
Ϊԭļ䣬ǰûе֪ʶ磬һײǽѰˣǲдͶġ
Ȼؼ˶һʱڿҪӵĵطͣȻһ˾˹ȥ
顣
Ϻɥһ˶˹ȥ
һҲŹȥ鿴ֻǣȴԭΪũ˼򵥣û뵽ڼȴһСƭת
ԽУкøжȵԭڡ
ôԭΪǽָĺøжȣĲһǺôӰ쵽жϡ
ˣ㣬װˣҴûĸεˣ֪Դġоʱ˱Ϊ潶𱣬ҪˣҾͲȥ֣ҲǶԷи
һؿԼҵãʱɴ΢Цȫ֪˵Ļж಻ϲһ㡣


9 
˵飬ؼҵˣ㶵ؿ䣬·ʶһ㣬оʮİ
׾ʲô
Ҳ֪뵽ʲôۿʼ죬Ὺʼµ䣬ҵ䣬ܿˡ
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ôˣЩĪЦʵ
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飬ԼôҪ飬ҪҪҪҸû˵ĵط˽ˡ
ôˣ˵ϴһ磬ȥ֡
š
ͷ
ڵתε޵òеͬʱҲŵúܣѾʮˣףȥ֣϶ٵòˣʮˣʱô˵ס
үү㣬֪ˣ㲻Ҫȥֺòã
˲ûװΣǰ
Ʋ

鿴
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顣
鳤Ư޵ÿӣĺĲ̡
㣬ˡ
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˶˸飬һöûá
Ϊ飬ķ˷ǳḻ˺֮⣬˶ûʲôθڡ
Թ緹үүȥתת
Ļô˵ɿĶüһ䣬Щ˵ģ
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⺢ӣǸиġ
峤̾˭뵽ôСĺӣȻôá
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ģôء
үҡͷҪҲһӵġ
ԣԡϸŵͷ
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š
˵ͷ
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үүû°ɣ۾ôô찡
ʡ
û£Ц˵˵ģˣˣû˯ţһڻط˯
䵹û룬ֻǾòүү̣ǵ춼ЩŹ֣ǻûӦѾ飬û£ϰߵġ
䣬ˣҲҪȥ֡
鱻ʱֱӹǰ
㣬佫΢Ц˵£ֲûô£һô󲮴ȥ岻ʱҲȥģԲĳԴ
ҲҪҲҪȥ
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㣬侲㡣ҲһЩȥ֣úõ룬ģˮȨëҪúøĸģȻĻһӴֵ׼ɡ


10 
㶵ؿСɵϻˮƯŨҵغ⡣
䣬㲻ú
ž
⻰£Ͼһ˹ȥϷţɱһģ˲ָӡ
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ϳòÿȴǳãΪڴҵŮ̳һܴûԿ׺ϡ
¾ͽԷ˵طޣ˵һ仰ԣɩҪ㣬̳ôһҪŮ߶ˣҲǣҪǴɩ˵׼һЩ
ƨ
ѹŲܶϣȴԿԴʼˡ
ʹȫ˶֪㽫Ҫ͵֣Ȼܹԭ򡣡˵ʵڵģһĻмˡ
ûϴѧ֮ǰŮ˴Ҳ㣬׵úܣʵϣʲôʵԵ˺
һѣϲٴ¡
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󲮣߰ɡ
˵
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š
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š
ͷ룬Ͳɾޱѧϲװ׾ĺӡ
һ⻰ֱӳ嵽СӸǰһƴƨϣúϴϴɾͲԷ
ԭ۵ϣҲĬĬǰû˵ʲôвĻֻûֵܿĶӣץ֣ʼæϴ
䣬ƽͳȥ᲻̫󣿡
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⻰˶
һ߿ţͻȻ֣ľá
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˳ϣֱµ䣬ΪʲôͲȥǲǶ
ؿƽ⻰Щˡ
ҶҪˣȥѧö飬ʲôӰ
ɵ
Ͼ͸ˣΪ˭
ӾȻվһߣˡ


11 
ȻƣΪӭµһ꣬׼Ķ׼һʲô飬ҲɵڽУ˺æµӺܿģ֡
ÿ춼ڸ·˵ʱ򣬾ȥתһתˣ·Ϥӡ
ʱ÷ɿ졣
Ϧҹһ죬ǳһžˣĻƲ죬ȴʱ顣
Һúøɻ˭Ҳ׼͵
˵꣬ͿʼԷʢҹһԵ͡
ϼʰ꣬ڣ׼æסˣãƫ۵ѵõĹƽһΡ
飬飬꣬Ҳ£ǣĸʰó
ļ΢һĹ
Ƕ˵˵ɣĴ㡣˵
üΣ˵һ仰ġ
һۣ϶˵ҲָٿӵתͦģǺӣЩаӰ飬ĵǸġ
ֻǣֳû˵Сˣһһˣ˵˵ļƻȻһŬӹá
ţͦãԼĻǡ
ؼȻȴ٣ķˣһŮ⣬Ůôɡ
˵Ļ￴ԼҴӡ
ؿƽĨűӣĥһ£үүǷģһŬģֻҪһпգȥسһɡ
һۣƽ
үүҪȥġ
ȥɣúöƵóƽðɣͬģҲͲˣʮˣҲ˼ѧȥˡ
ȻͲӦöԴ󷿱ϣġ
̫ƽ꣬ǸСƨ껹Ǹȥѧðɡ
Ϊҳʼʱ򣬲ûд鷢Եģ뵽䣬ҲͰˣ飬˵
ôһʣ鵹Щܳܿʰ飬үүҴسһӣ档
⻰ڳ֮˶סˡ
үү£ҺʹһЩǮҲ𣬹һٿӵġ˵ܳȣɻǰؼŵˡ
飬壬׬˶٣ؿ飬۾ˡ
Һʹˣһʮֱ˵˸
ĺЩˣ飬£
˵꣬۰Ͱ͵س
鲢û̴Ӧʹµ⣬ֳô飬ģٺͼ˺ϻĻֳĲ졣
飬ģһжģҺòã
ֱӴյǰһֺõ˵
飬ͬ˰ɡ
￴ЩģС֪⣬ǰִ߽ﵱɣֻϧʱ˲ãû׬Ǯ˵һЩ
ݴ磬ܣܰϵܵܣ̲סڡ
壬˵ã⣬ûֻ׬ģУͶʶ٣ռֶŮ壬ܲռҵı˰ɡ
һ˵
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Ҿû취ˡ
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俴㣬ҡͷ»ûӦô˵ϰ߶С
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ͷ
鷳üҲ֪پܾĻ»鷳
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İɡţֶŮССֶôǮȥǮεģѧѧҪġ
Щؿ䣬ԷԭֻǼĺøжȣһ㣬ΪӦ壬Щ벻ס
˵Ժ󣬾ֵˣеؿ䣬Ҳ䣬ĵܵҲͬĲͷҲûƴǣڻ֮ǰҾѾƻˡ
֮ǰҲ˵ˣҪѼĸܵ͵ѧã¾ǶˣУԺҴŴũæ֮ǰѼķ½һЩ
˵꣬ؼ˵ɴ۾һ£룬Ҳû˵ʲô
䣬ǮԺ󵱼ױ
ȴǿ˵
үүҰѻ˵꣬Ҳֻһ飬ΪǣҲΪԼסúһЩЦ˵
֪ô˵ˣķӣȷʵƵúܡ
ΣҴѴ嶫ͷɽɽͷӽӲһΪ˽ģɽ˽˵ģҲ˵Ժ˵Ļɽҵļױ
Ƶ˵
㲻ʼ˽ӣɽҲļױûǺܿǷ䡣


12 
ܽ·ӣؼû˲˵ģֻǣ뷨Ѿϣô˵ûһҳġ
Ҳǣ֪үүģҲᵱŴҵ棬ǣ˽ٺүү˵
䣬˵Ǵ嶫ͷʨɽ𣿡
ʡ
԰
ͷ
һɽʲôЩ⡣
֮ǰڴпضģֻɽ£вٵĵأҴһٿʲôڻûá
Ц˵
ҪȥĴʣ˵׼صġｨô˵ǵģʲôҲֲˣ׻ôЩǮЩϧ
󲮣ĻҲǹֻǣҾڴţ뵽ˡ
Ļû˼˶ȴ̲ס룬䣬û£򰡣үү֧㣬ǾڴҲȥ
ԡ
ϸŵͷ
еļбʾ֧֡
ĬĬתͷ͵͵ز۽ǵˮ䰡ʲôʲô
ŪЩ˼ˡ
һ̸Ȼִ֪еôĿ꣬ȫ˶һ껹ǳģ˯ʱ򣬲Լϱһδ
˶ϱЩʧ䡣
ⷿӣ˵ʵڵģĿ˵ǴﵹһãÿԼҵݶʱǶõİ죬¶һ˵Ͱⷿѹˡ
òԸǮӣȴܾˣడ
ĵһ죬䴩һɫȹسԺżĽĿ⣬룬֣ǹʱЩߣǸҽ
Ȼת˷䡣
꣬¡ָһױǰĵӣԼãŰ˵
á
ܹɣֱֱڵϣɴ۾뿴ӣȴΪ߲ȫ
𼱣ѣҵ·ҲˣǴһ»ǿԵġ۾һ
۾
ذ۾ϣ͸о֣سϣȻͷҲûɢˡ
ԭһκУȥԼģĶ͵ģΪ׵ʱƶԭ˵ͷûӹ
ЩԭĶȻ겻֪ȥ룬ڶԷǵϣӦԸġ
ĸãıסҲʮ꣬ƤȻЩƣʻǲģֻǸĨ˵㵭죬Ȼһ˸ԴϰСͷһһúͷϣڴµľ
ȻվһŵĸãƯ
ĸСһӾˣͭգȻЦݣܳȥҫ
ţһ㣬֪ԼһǴԽģܹΪһˣҲһԵ֣ת߳ȥŴŸɾ䣬һĻɫŮ
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ɨһۣ˵飬Ҫû£Ҿˡ
ȵȡ
ٴסԷ㣬Ȼ㲻ҾͰ˰Һɫôţģɫϲ졣
ŵ΢΢鴤·ǰɫģô޵ɫûдҪܾͱԷ˹㣬ԣʺãҲԣϿ϶ÿ

ٴξܾ
㣬һǻҪȥ꣬ǽһҴôã㴩ôң˻˵ĵġһοڡ
쳤ڱϡ
üҪȥ꣬淳ˡ
֪Ų겻Ӧÿĵ𣿡գ۾ŶԷ
ǰã̾УһΡ
š
Цеصͷ˵һγɹͲĵڶΡ
·䡣
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εǺɫ˷䣬ĵؽŹϡ
Ķʮ俴ţ̾Ͱ˽ȥ£
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١
Ȼô˵ģɲûзĶ壬²ȥãվʲôҲû˵
㣬֪ϲɾװ磬㿴ǲƯˡ
ǰƯıӣ߸βͷϽеķξҺɫɴ־ɺᣬͷȻЩɿݷţɶԷԵܲõ֧ţӢˬƯˡ
žգţ
Ҿ֪⡣
鿴һۣк
ŶԷ֣ߣȥƣ϶޵úܡ
ġ
˵һ䡣
ʵ˵ò࣬ϵһشôϲСŮû뵽Ȼ˵ƯȴŮ鶼עĿ
үү̣ô
ÿ
ֲֻһ䣬տá
鲢⡣
ֻǣȵԹ緹֮ͺˣһҲͰˣҲϰ߱ĿĿ⣬ƫƫЩҪµһѣļƻѾŲ˺üʱˡ
Ƿˡ
㲻ӷ
ò״һһãһֱôЦţ
ôһ㣬ķҺܻ俪˵㣬߰ɡ
鶢վǸȥһֵʶ̵ģڻãԶֵġ
ҪʶһãƺֻҪԸ⣬ûɵ飬ñȽգԼҲһֱ˳ŶԷ˼
³Żϻ⹫ңⲢĵһεţĶɲ١
Ӵã˰ôĶ֪ᣬҲңʲôˡ˵
ϲ۲ĴɩܣӰ飬ءߡһԴһֱˣ꣬һһٵػˣأʹɩƽϡ
£ȥˡ
컹ܣԼ⹫żңȥһξҲȥˣûйϵҪ࣬һλĵ춼ûгԺ÷
Ϊʲô
ÿλңƯĴŮҫʱ鲻ˣСŮѾͷؒһҲƯúܣҪȥͼɩ԰ء
û檣Ҳ޸ͷӣҪǣҲȥͽЩȨƵˡ
ǲ飬ӣҪܴΣԭļÿλңǸֵҫ˴ûк˼ҡ
νĺ˼ңȨǮȫ˴Ƕ׵ˡ
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һȻ˳ȥҪˡ
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ؿƽĬ
УǶȥһȥ˰ɡ˵ϣŴ󷽵һʹȻתߣԭΪ˸ϵġ
ﻹҲؿƽһ飬ľ㶵ؿƺ׼Ŀ뿪

ϴһһţһ˳˳ȥ
ֻǣûȥңһˣȥʲôЦ
ʱ˷ĸӳת·Ͽԩ·խӴã
ϿһۣûᣬĸףƵߡ
š
ϵܲ˳¡
㻹£
Ȼ¡ֺ˵ؼӦʲôϵû˰ɣ
ǡ
ϵͷ
ĸ岻ðɣٴʵҲ֪ͻȻ뵽ʲôͻȻͲˡ
㻹𣿡
ĸĲãģôἰסѾзˣҪǻˣͶˡ
Լ岻ãԼǸӣ˾ͲϣôϴΣǼӣ׼ʲôʱ򻹡
˵úеʵϣҪӶѡ
ЩӣӣһỹġϿ˵
ֻǣûϵһ仰ͱһ㣬øӴûãΪˣԲϵĶ֡
Ǯû֣Ͼ͸ɸ߸ˣծ˵ĻԷţǣĻֱӴ쮳ԽԽ𾢡
ϻܣɳϲܡ
ԼĶõģ˭ҪĶӣ͸˭ƴֻϧ岻ûƴˡ
һʱĵĴòһ̾һ仰׼°ɡ
꣬˶̱˵ϡ
ղŻǳ뺷ϣһ⻰ɫˣһԺֱˡ

Լһ־ģȻ뵽·Ļ飬ǲǵģ
һʣؼû뿪˶
ûУԼ岻ãܹҡ
Ȼô˵Ҳ֪ºйϵ
Ҵ㡣
̲סֱӴ˹ȥ
ͬĻݺݵصһϣת뿪ڿɲʰʱ򣬿ٵ䣬ʱ򣬴˵ЩοĻѹûбķӡ
ϣʲôȥسǣ˻ûˣʲôҪسǵĴУȥʡǣзӵġ
Ͽ飬Ȼϣǻڣ֪˵öԡ


13 
ʱ򣬴ӵĴֻҪܰæģûƴǣܿ죬Ͱţ׼ãĵϺޱ
СؽϷţϣֻȥһޱϣŸţߡ
ԭﴳĻ·úܣҲòʰ̯ӡ
ڽȻǴسҩ̣֮ǰϲᵽĿҩ̻ţĴҲûݼ٣һϵɫľһ
ϾĵһˣҪ˵Ļܾò
ڴҲҽ£֪ʱ򣬳Ǽҩ̣ĵطˣҪȥǾ·һˡ
ְ۰Ͱ͵سţŴԽԽüͷĸŲϵ³
ļҲоЩá
ʱʱļµëʡ
ϵͷʵô
ļ֮ˣɻܴ̼Щѵ㲻֪𣿡һǰģӣɫЩãȻֲãͲ˳𣿡
Ҳһʵô
ҡͷҲһ취ûС
˵
۾һΨһˣֻҪһϣԸ
˲ΣҪϵģԽãЧԽá
Ļ÷ɫ׵𣿡
ҡͷľҩһ־ͻᱻЩǮƵ˼ߣ֪ģسǣûϵ˲Ρ
Ȼû˵ǣҩյĹҩģ򣬶Ͻҡ
ȥ˲ΣܳŶãʡ
ǿҿʩ룬һʱǳһʱ˲Ҳá˵ǲʩ룬ҩţ˵׼ܻ졣
鿴ϡ
Ͽŵĳϣһҧ˵ʩ롣
á
ȥسֻͬϧѣһ˶ȥʡ̽ˡ
һҲûе飬ֱȥ˸ڵĻƼҴ壬ֻʮӣԲ˲Σֻ䣬ʵŴ˵ҩû˲εĻ
ǴǵĴţǲ˲εˣԣŻô˵
ƼߵպܺãǼΨһŮȻúǿ׳һҵӶûУɷϣܳ裬Ƽˬ졣
ˣŮ쿪ˮԺ󣬾ͽʼڸˣǿһ˵ӣȫʱеж
Դӽ˻ƼԺ󣬾ͺСΪһ˹ĵض󣬴椣С椵ؽš
椣ôȥôãû۰
»ϴĶһ󲿷֣һ֪Ǵ椵ģһظ֪̾ʱ򣬰ӴҵĴ椣ǵĵúܣЩöŵױͿ˰
ţһС
ɵ
Ȼô˵ϿȴԽԽۡ
鼱ҴҵظΪ˸ʱ䣬⻨Ǯҩ̵ȻҲôģ㣬ôˣ
ˣ
Ϊżֱӿڣͽ˵ѳˣĴ׼÷ϴųȥسǣ˵Ҫϵ˲ΣûôǮ䡣
ˣտʼ˵ú˳ڻƼ˵һ𾪱£˵˳ȽһǮģǮһ㡣
µʱúˣ궼ͣѾˣΪʲôᷢ顣
䣬ҪţҪ侲
ĬĬ˼ΣԺֱץסص㣬ҪľǾȻ˵ʲôûã㣬𼱣һ˲ΣǿȥãҪ
˵꣬ץ־ߡ
Ƽҵ˿ţҪֹƼҵ˻һŮŮŸʲôȥô˵ģƽڼ
Ŷ
ͻϷӦæ˳ȥ
˵椵ʲôݣҿ͹ӣɱسõӶ˲ζУ˵ƼҴˣƴ󻢶Щȥ²ˡ
ôʲôѲ㻹̰椵ЩҸ㣬붼룬ԸТǾţ˼ǡ
׺˵
û˼Ǻѡ
ƴЦ˵
ߡ
齫ϵ÷ɿ죬˼ң䣬˲𣿡
С
˲Σͨ˼ҿܷǳϡ棬ڰЩС㣬΢㣬õ˲Σϵġ
֮ԻУҪлһƴµСү͸
Ҳ֪ġ
һ˲ζѣϷžǡ
ԼҲû뵽ôͻϡ
˵껰첽߻Լķ䣬һӵóһµСľӣ󽫴ϣ˲ξ档
㣬߰ɡ
Ȼ˵һʱоԽԽãóʲôԤƵıʡ


14 
ػּææ뿪ûŵؼ˿ϵɫ͸Ӳˡ
ȵеغͻϻ֪ߵǺü˲Σûڲϴ
ʵϣ˵ˣôĶҲǴ岻Զĵң˵ԭͨũΪڵһϰ˲βŷҵġ
¾ᶼˡ
ҲµòУҲû뵽ֱ˼ѣôصĺԣȭߣĬĬسܣҿһ
ؿƽﱻҪڣȴԼҴӵϱסˣҡͷ
ˣرǻϣˣôܻ顣
˵ϵҩ̣һҲҵ飬ֱӰСľӵ˹ȥ㿴˲𣿡
۾һ
򿪺һ˵Щ죬ϻЦ˵Եģ˲ΣԾȻúŵĻ岻ûлָĿܡ
ͬʱһ
Ǽ˲Σʡ
ġ
һ˲ȥϵȥҲƽһŷϣ˲ţǲŻôõģɿˣ
ϵͷ
ҩ̵ĺԺסţû֮ǣ뿪ǰ£ÿգҪһСƬ˲Σȵº飬ʱĻָ˵
һεͷ
У˲ܲͣٶˣ´ΣҲͲˣ𣿡ı࣬һףһҪúϧ
š
ϵıһֱ˵ϺãȵѳںԺúԺ󣬵ݹȥһֽǷģһ취컹˲κǰӵġ
ӷ·ǴݷＷġ
ЩĪؽӹּǷӣʮҲ棬ҴҪˣ
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磬ǷҾˡô飬ó˲ξȻ˳ûˣҪúദҲ̫ܡ
УԴ˽⣬ܲͰѳģЩ˵ĻһǷǳԵġ
úչ˳
˵꣬Įɫˡ
ҩ̣һ̾ĸо治ð
ͬܣһǶԹ£Ҳµһε飬ҲǱǣԷϵʱ򣬷·ʲôʮһ㣬ֱͦˡ
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ǵʱ˺ЩӣһһУֽﻹв٣˵ǸСģش·ϣ䣬㲻üͦ𣿡
俴һ飬رǴ
һֱ룬ûпһ˹ӡ֮Իô˵ΪԷĺøжڽһӾͳʮ㣬УҲԼжϣȻɵ˵㣬ɲǻˡ
Ц㣬̫ˣҸ㣬ȹʮ壬Ҿ׼ӣִ߷
Ϊʲô
鲻⡣
ΪҲͬ뷨ǣ㣬֪ؽȫŪõһɣֻҪؼ˷£ҪǣġЦ˵
³֣ŪȫˣʹǸûʲôģҲǰɥĲ
ԡ
ͷ
Ǿһֱôʰ̯ӣһ뵽ڲ޴鷳úܣ飬ҪǶ෢Σ治ȷ᲻̲סֱӰѶԷŪˡ
Ȼǡ
һЦЩֻѡҪôȥ㣬Ҫôңʲôʱ˲εӣʲôʱٻؼҡ
ͣ½Ų䡣
ôˣ
ʡ
㲻ɵ˵
ҵȻɵŮ׺ݣʵ뷨ȴ򵥣úܣһ˹ӣ϶ֻҪ̵ķΧҶԣãҺãȻҺá
أ
ʡ
Цݣڲ־˼ڴүүǻ֧ҵľġ
ӣ룬ƽЦһģʱ򣬾ֱ
˵˵Ĵ𣿡
뵽ղ˵Ҳһ뷨ȡ
Ҳûһһ˵ȿ쵽ӵʱȴͻȻ֣䣬ӡ


15 
ҲҪ
һʱؼҵԺϷһУ飬ǸǣҲô첲գ
Ժ󣬾ͳȥ׼ץסһ١
ٵһվŵ䣬Щźһ仰û˵ӲùĻ
ɲ㣡
ϵһ뵽˲ΣĶ۵úܡ
֣Ҿϴһ顣
һƨڵϣ˫ŵأҲˣһ𣿡
ʱѾڹʲôɻ䲻ɻˣôͻȥһ컹пԣѾͷҪ׬˲εӲܻǵõʲôʱ
޵Ĺڼǲܾôģ򣬾ͻиָԣµԸţɩҲ϶ͬġ
ȥɣ
˵
ңңҲ֪δ˴һ̿ˮվĵõһ飬ȥ֡
󲮣ȥɡ
ͷΪϣЩҿ˵Ŀ⣬εãرǶ䣬ˣûа֪Ҫ׬˲εǮһˣһӶܣҲҵġ
أ
䡣
㲻ҪʹһĴÿ¸һЩðɣЦʡ
ϵͷ䣬ǴǮ㲻ҵģǲǣ
Ρ
ϵĻ䣬ſڣǡ
ûǮǲҵġɵۣû뵽Էô
ǾǴԼˣ㣬һûģĶˣ㶼ôһС飬ôܻѵõ㡣
ڨЦתú˵һǻҰɡ
ٿҼİ취ºпܻٱһ٣ҲܱȶҪá
㡣
Դ˲û
뿪鶼һ
ֻǣû뵽û죬ֻķʽ
سϺܿ˹˵㶫ûһ˯ˣ˵ٵһ죬ĻͿԻؼˡ
ҩ̵˰æţ̫ɽʱ򣬻صؼҴļ߽䣬שͷڸסľó
ͳһԿףľӡ
һѴѪļָڼͷ·Ŀúܡ
Ƭ֮Ѽ£ó鼮һҳһҳطҵԼҪʱ¶Цݣ
ϲϵ飬ؼҴ޴ĺ䶯峤ؼҵļؼңûô˵ɶȴһû
ڵ֪ѾͻԺɫźЩ
ϣصңҲȷʵ룬ͲأΪˣô᲻˽ˣһָݡ
ɴԺ˾ͿʼˣҪôأ
ҵĸɩɩһʾ֭취ȴһĪչΪ°һؼңԷֱ˦һ飬Ǿˡ
ϿżΪ鷢ĵµľҲ
ҵĻʳڵؼңʵǲ̫ˣһ죬;͵úܣǺڣô嶯϶ؼҳĺġ
ôڼ˵Ǽʯͷ䵽ˮˡ
죬һ񼱴Ҵҵ˵ʯͷ˵ĸαһ⻰һŵɫҰףܵȴӶ졣
Ʋ죬룬ûǸȥȽϺã̤ſڣͿһֽɢζһڡ
Ĵӡ
뵽ȥسˣ϶͵͵ʯͷģ̿ˮվûסջƵڳĨɾͣܡ
峿ɫ磬ؼҪô׼緹ҪôϴʰԺӣͻȻٵһϵļ̧Ͻˡ
ôˣ
ʡ
֪ͲϾͳԲ·ˣҴĴ򿴹ˣʲôҲûϵ˵꣬ؼҵˣôǶûˡ
˵껰ϣӼֱӾˡ
Ϊϵǰƣڵؼ˶Ϊװģûʲôɫǰ鿴ȴͷĺˮһ˿ѪɫûУʮ΢žʱҪһ㡣

ؿƽǰ鿴̡
үүؿƽ˵װġ
ȥд򰡡
ȻϣΪϴӣܲؿɣ뵽ҵΪúܡ
ֻϧĴҲûʲôǰ͵سȥ


16 
سǿҩ̵Ǹ
ע⵽һ˿㵡
ûʲô⣬Լҩͻõġ򿪿˵
ؼ˶ɵؿ򣬲ǻɴҽӣû

Ȼġ
壬ԺҪúõţܸػܴܲͣϲ󱯣ҪעϢȻ׷صĻġ
ؼɵۣǱΪϵʲôزȴû뵽ôһ
鿴ϣܾøղŴ˵ĻĶ죬ʶһۣ뵽һ⡣
ҩϾ˹ԭججؼˣﻹˣҪ˵ЩĻûע⵽ûڣͱԼǺˣҵؿ
Ҳܴ˵
ֲһ䡣
Щ£ӿƽ˵úϢһõġ
ԭҪοϵģֻТ˳ոĻϵĳʹʮԡ
ֲõԤУϴ⻰ʲô˼
ƽ֪òú˵ԼҵҲ֪ȻϷǳɶ񣬿ദô꣬һ鶼ûУͻȻɲӣЩܲˣοϡ
ǣ
Ĭ
ûõ𰸵ϣˣȻֿʼ춯ؿ
עһЩҪúþֽղŵĻظһ飬ӵϸһѶģ渺
ţȵþ͸ˡ
ǴȵȰ
ܾЩ֣Ҳ֪ǲģղ˵ЩĶƺͲָŴ˵ǷͲˡ
ô
ǿȵ̫ףۣظݴĻƽ飬Щɵɵ˵ѵǱӦ
⻰һȻ˵û֤ݣܸоºͷѲ˹ϵȻķɣôܻг𲻱
Ŵ֣ɾ䡣
ŴֻϣϾóˣͰ·ˡ
صңϵһֱܵ䡣
ΧߣСչţ࣬ʮֹ۵ţҲøɻҲܳԺóԵģ˻
ֻϧ뷨ͦģʱ䣬ӿƽһżȵʱˮֱ͵غһȻֱ˳
һͿȡ

ϿȵᶼˣץŶӵ֣һ˵ϴ󣬴û˵ҲܳⰡ
˵ˡ
߽鿪˵Ȼǰλҵġ
Ҳˡ
ⶼܳԣ߻ʲô˼
ϸտʼأһΣ˶ȳϺףܵˡ
ҹҩ̵Ĵ򼱴Ҵҵسţȥˡ
ڶ죬ϵţһ㶣ЦЩǿ磬ʲô
һӣ֪µˣıԼļƻΪӡ
˵ﲡˣ

ˡԼҴøȴһĸжΣô
ãǾȹˡ
˵꣬ؿƽ͸ˡ
һһֿʼˡ
ϲûн䣬Ŷվſڣ˵㲡ˣ㣬ģúõģһ᳤ģ֮ǰҲ㣬ҲҪúõŰ
ؼ⻰׷¶жɫ

Ժͬʱ뵽Ĵ⻰˵úЧȴǷġ
뿪ؼң׷ȥ硣
䣬𣿡ϻͷЦ崺硣
俴·һ޴İȴɢŨŨĺһСʵǹȥ𣿡
أ
Ϸʡ
Ҿùȥˡͷˣϣ鶼˴ûзʲôֵ飬ʲôĶ
ҡͷֱ˵ǱӦ
Ǻǡ
ЦһݵڼҴ磬˵ȥˣǾ͹ȥˡ
Ǿͺá
Цʵ࣬˵ף˽ĵػԼ
Ŀͷ뿪
𣿡
ͻȻ 
ûзϡ
ĻشѾ˵ˡ
û뵽ôƫƧСӣȻô϶ŵ˵⻰¶ͣϼȻûзϣ˵Լʮİա
飬վˣ
ΪԼҴĬ
ңվǱߣ¶һЦݣʻŷ̡
ıҲռ
ǿ״

˶Цˣȥʱ˵Ҳͦõģȡ֣ˣһ˶ѣûʲô˵ġ


17 
ϵ飬⣬ؼ˭Ҳûж룬ֻͻȻҲϵ˵Ӧ
ȻѾǾֻܽܣУûĳ£о䶼徲٣Щһ뷨
оҲ
ʮϣʹ⼸յĳɹȥ·Ժӵʱ룬ںԺӶҲˡ
䣬
æкûĵİڳ飬ֲһ䣬飬Ҳ԰
˳ġ
š
ͷǵƫģͿ治ɫˡ
Уүүƫ䣬ϸҲͦģһһүүһ㶼ƫģˡ
үү㿴Ҵ޵ķӡ
佫ͼֽ򿪣мԺӣүүסģΧŵĸԺӣķ˵ġ
ͼʮּˣһס
鿴ţɵø߿Էһ֣ѵŴѾߵĴҲʮֵвţ
䣬ҪӰȹĵľ⣬Ժӣ϶ҪǮģڵķȻƣסģ˷ˡ
һߵͷ
Ц˵үү̣ҲСˣŮģȻӣסס·ӣҵǣ˳ģôܾ
ǡ
ҡͷˣá
ſڣУүү׼嶫ͷǸɽͷȵʰԺһɽһԺӣүү밡ҪһǮɽͷ˰æȻٽ·ӣȴǼҵƷӶ˵˵˻ôң
⻰ҡͷˡ
ǻãѾͷСʱͦТ˳ģû뵽ˣȻ˵ĲТгƷסţȻһܵ嶫ͷȥĸΣĳҪ򡣡
Ļû˵ͱϸס죬ޣޣڻôԼģԣƽҲô˵ģ䣬סͷЩɲ˵ġ
һصͷ
鿴ͷ̫̫¿ˮƺڶͷüĪ֣ǧСӵĻ档
ȴ֪⡣
Т֮һ֣Ҫԡ
ĻǷǳпܷġ
Ҳýôɣ˵Ǯ
үүҾ帣øҵĶӶˣһһʱ֣ɾˣҲúܣô帣
˵ӽԺҾþӦö¹أЩëƤС飬ԼϽ˵Ĵ£һ
䣬Ƿּ𣿡ȻʱܷɶڷּһǺִܵġ
ּ̣ҵġ俪˵ֻǷֿסѣ˵ǷֿסʵҲһԺģģǰһ
룬ͦã䣬Ĺ𣿡
ġ
ͷ
ľ𣿡ʡ
š
ٴεͷ
ǺãͰ˵İ졣˵
үү»Ҫģɽͷ飬ҲҪ鷳ġ
ģүү϶õġ
ȻѾͲԥΪһʮͷס·𣿲öס÷𣿲ڴһ
ǳ롣
ֻǰûã䰡үүһӣû뵽ˣ뵽Ůĸүү˰
үү
俴ۿ˵ͽһʲôҲû˵
˷䡣
ֵ𣿡ʣǿһʲСӡ
ӻġ
䴹ü飬ôһԺӰԺʲôΪҲТģֻеһݵؽҾúֵ
Ĭ
ҿ˺ܶӣԺףԺҪռҵıˣǺǡ
δ˵ĻӵǮҳ𣿡
һ룬оܻء
̧ۣЦ𣿡
ûС
Щˡ
УȵҵɽͷԺ޺ˣҾ㲻ͬҪо̵츳Ǯˣ½ӵǮģҲ顣
ˣоԷЩֻ
Ϊʲôһ
һǳ㣬һ磬һɩӣֻܿһɩӽţСӵǺʮ࣬˵ʲô
˵Щͬˡ
鱻˵ûƢͬʱͷ۲ѣǾͿ˭ȭͷӲ
Ȼܲ÷ŮôԵ
ҡͷ㣬Ҹһ飬үүѾˣıŮûкĿԣɴ󲮻ȡһµģţҲԿһƷûд⣬㣬֣ᷢȫһġ
ҲҪ
Ӳ˵
Ϊ⻰֪ͣĵŶ俪ڣҪ˵Ҳû⣬š
Ǻǡ
ðɣŮ˵㡣


18 
ϲ⣬ܺȡҪȴҪ̻ͽܣʦĴ¡ȻһȷƷͿԲ˽ˡ
߰ؿڣѧһӶȲҡ
ͳɣؼڴϣҪΪСްůĵŮҪ֪Т˳ĺӡ
ΪԺгƣָ㡣
öġ
⻰ļƤˡ
ЧðֻҪﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣ۸ɩӣ󲮶ãɩӵĴ㲻̹𣿡
ǹ̺鷳˵
㣬ϲڱģжģЧжãһ䣬øͶø绹̫ƽҲܺӣ²ĳ̶ȣҲһҪﵽɣͻ֣ᷢ飬ࡣ
䲢Ƕ£ҲûҪռŮĹ⣬ֻǣ󷿵飬Ҫ࣬Ůܸ㶨Ļţгָտɴ
ȻҲҪıŮĵһô䵽С˵ǰ㱯ҵĽ֣ûзݣܵǣͶĵط̫ˣܽܡ
Ϊʲôеģ⻰žЩ׳ա
ȻÿɵӵĿ⿴Լ
ˣ㣬͵ʲôû˵
ת׼ߡ
ߡסȨᣬӦҲóϡ
ðɡ
һΪѵģȴԼķ䡣
͵ơ
㣬ûУҲֻô͵ƣû˵ʲôΪүүţȻҲܻ֮ǰǺôԭڡ
ҫˡ鿴ǵ˵°ɡ
ȻӦòֹ˵һ㼦ëƤС¡
ģ㣬ֻҪܰƽǴ󷿣סľؼԺһΪؼҴ帣ͥġ
Ĭɵֻһʱûת䡣
Ϊʲô©ķ
壬΢΢ü綼ҪһЩԣҪٹ۲һ£ҲΪǣǽ֣үүʹѹƣһףһ磬˵ġ
鿴䡣
ôʵҪˡΪʱֻŮӵҪӵҲǳҪĳһ泬Ůӡ
ϾŮֻҪû⣬Сȱݣ֪ˡĸ־͹ȥˡ
ҲǷΪʲôѡҩûֻعԭ֮һһˣǺһ̫ƽϵĻᱻС
û
³֡
û취ҪеӲס俴ô׼ҵĽ𣿡
ͷһ⣬ǰʲôˣ
ʲô
ֻǺ棬Ϊʲôô鲢û

ֱ˵ĸ֣ûд˺ͺĹϵСҪиɽܹúã뿪ǰǺϷߵĴѾ֮һ
ԭˡ
ͷ
һҺûôͣȻ¶ˡ
û𣿡
ʡ
ҡͷûˡ
Щ鲻żҪ
ȥ˯ˡоԷʵµģֻǣԸ˵ʱԣˣҲûǿ뿪
ڶ죬Թ緹ͽ˶ټͼֽ򿪣Ǯ׼ǽķӣ⺢Ӿ̫ʵˣһ͸Ǽ壬óԵӣǹϺӡ
䱻˵Щ˼
䣬ôġһ̬εؿ䡣
ô˵
еصʲôҲû˵
䣬飬Ժʲôѣ忪ڣҾ޶ظĵážž죬ĸжˣֶŮǺóԺסĶǶ͵ѧãϣȥôõֶŮ
컬ࡣ
ô˵ﻹǴЦģ˭ϣһ˺
䣬ıûУһʲôܿڡ
ˮ˵
û£Ҹ˾ͺáԽô˵ӸˣڼϺͻ沶ˣԽǵģôɵֶŮԺˣ᲻ᱻ۸ùͷʣ
鿴ǵı飬ʮ˭ɵ
ĸӷȥҴ峤ؼҴ˶֪ˣؼǰĹŮˣչ׼ؼˡ
ȻһҲû
ǺӣТ˳
ţע⵽ûУ ؼ˶һȦǼʲô˭֪϶ǮĺóԵġ
ֹأ󣬾ʹؼȥҩˣ˵Ǹȫ˼壬вβûͲ壬Ľ˵ǼôûôõĹŮء
֪ʲôؼҵޣףҪ׵ĳƽѧ飬˵ҲǮ
ⷿһҾǮҲòˡ
⺢ӾɵôҲױ
˵嶫Ǹɽͷļױ
ʲôһɽͷҲǣɵĻ֮ǰҲССͣܵسȥˡ
һȺ̾ͻȻðһгѾ߰˵Ǵ˼ҵѾߣǸ׼ģ˭֪ɲɾ
⻰һӱϴ·ĴǶͣ˶
ֱվλ˵ɩӡ


19 
顱ֻһţֱӰ˵λɩߵϴͬ·ߵˮˮֱӴʪ˶Է·

һ̶ļ
λɩһӵģǴ峤Ů޵ؼҴˣճΪ峤ĶϱãеɫΪǽƽ׷
ֻϧԺоܹעĵλյвǼﻹǴһһѾߵС޲ѡ
ﲻЩټΪ֪һЩҺؼ׵࣬ˣղһȺϴ·˶ڿһСѾͷ̲סڮ١
Ź󣬾ĵŭһĨϵˮ飬վ飬ѾͷҪʲô
ЩС˼ȥƮߵľ·һҪöԷģµģؼҲǮһҲ
ո˵ʲô
ظܻѹģһЩ
ô˵˭֪ûһȣǷŵģ̿ˮ־ñһСѾͷŵЩ²ȥЩϵظһͦĻֱӾʹ˵˳
Ȼ
֣һץסĲӣ̧һСȣ˶˺ӱߡ
ţϴ·ĸ˹ǣͿôһĻ
ֻһСѾͷԴֱӰˮֽŲͣڣöû֡
̫ˣöûл
飬飬֡
ʶµˣæڽееӴǰֹٲ֣Ҫˡ
ĬĬʱ䣬Ȼְϵؿˮո˵ʲô˵һ飿
˵ˣ˵ˣҴˣҴˡ
ҡͷ˶ڷҲ֪ǺµģģҲп߶С
ͱֻ̫࣬ǸϴϴҪ´ΣҾԶ˵˻˵ֱ꣬ӷſԷ֣ת˾㵵Ŀ£ȥϴ·
뿪˿ʲô鶼ûз飬ֹüΣվʲôҲû˵
ȻҲȥұˡ
ô飬ܾô˵ģǵĴ峤ãؼˣҴλͲˡ
ʲô
ԭһ齫˼Ҷϱˮһû°ɣ
û£ɵ׼
ֵԣôϵġ
ԭ𣿶ֲǷӣôԵ޹ʾŪλɩأ俪ʵ
ôʣλŵĴ￴Ŀʮָӣ˵߳òÿģʵģ뵽ɩӵĻ͸ӹŹˡ
΢΢üѵǺйأ
죬ջǰĻ˵˳
ֱӾȥɱ
˵꣬׼õ
æסٿؼ˳˵ı飬ůлл㣬֪ˡ
Сĵ㰡
˵ߡ
䣬£úܺáֹиô˵ֵܼҲŵͷ
үүҲ£󲮣ȥӶүүֵܶϣһȥ峤ң¹ش峤ȻҪֹģҲҪ֪һ˲Ǻ۸ġ
俪˵
䣬峤Ǵ峤׵Сѵ
û£а취
򶨵ؿڣ飬ȻҪȷˣţҲ˵Ǻٻ
Ȼû
㣬лл㡣飬俪ڵл
Ҹģû鷳ɡ
鱻ô֣µظлŪЩڣһߵͷ
ûСҡͷŮЩԥԼļƻĺ
ҪıԸǻ
ԵǲģֵǰûԥؽԼҵ˸˹Ȼһ˺ƺƵȥ˴峤ҡ
峤ҵԺȻСϹעµĴ񣬺ܿͼˣԺⶼվŲ١
²Сǵʱ峤ʹ峤ڡ
峤ǺһģԼʮ꣬Ǹݾõͷ
ֱӹǰ峤ϣؼҴ彫
䣬лú˵
峤üͷ˵˶дͳֺݣܵȴ⺢Ӹݡ
᲻̫ˡ
俴峤û˵
䣬ѻ˵峤Ĺעص㣬ں档
ԺܰȻòԶ˶ҿܻΪĺҪ˽ʵϲģΪؼҴ˺ãɩҲҪȴӦýӳ
˵ͣһϯҲ֪Ƿ꣬ҵλֻӡûУ
ЩԶ˶Ѿ벻
ҲֻǸˣԶֶȴص
⻰һ˵ıЩ仯ˡ
ﵽԼҪЧŽ˵һ˵ԶֶܵǾãǰ˼ңʲôݣȻ˵ҲһھǵѾߵġ
£峤Щסˡ
κ飬˵͸͸ǵҪ˵ףЧ


20 
䡣
𿪿ʵ˵Ŀģ
Ȼ峤󲮣㾡ٴ˵룬ɩ˵ûйϵҵǰҲܺ˵˵𣿡
̧ͷˣ˵ԽλȨ֮ˣԽǿУǱ֪˵ؼҴ幻ǵŭ𣿡
⻰˵Ժһ˲ǷǳģȻ󣬾ֱը˹
峤峤

û뵽ôأǲ˵дϾ߸ϵˣȻֻ˵Զֶ
ӿ϶Ƿǳ
ҪĻһ仰ǻл·
峤ʱҲЩˣԼϵ
峤̧֣ڴǲСģԺؾ䣬ɻĽ취
ȻϾͲȱˡ
̧ͷۿؿ峤
үү˵ʵҺĺЩ⣬Ҿң˵ʱ룬ίʱ룬ھ͸ӵ룬ˣˣһһľ
Ļ˵úؼȴźۿ
ε飬ΪؼҵŮһöڵһʱҳһȺԸ֧ңֻǣû뵽˴үү
˵һ£ӣڼˮһ㣬ŮҵǺεҪΪұɩӣȴң𣿡
⻰峤ˡ
ڳ˿˵ȫؼˣҾһ䣬һؼҵĹΪʲôһصĴӣõĲůҪ裿ңһ𣿡
˵ڵ
ûģ䣬ûġ̲סǰԼŮʹ࣬ǸӦµȥˣ
˵⻰Ŵ峤һˣ֪ʲôͿҼҹػȫ֪һǩѾΪʲôܻģǵˣŵõĶ䣬ƾʲôô˵

ľһף϶Ϸ˷Ըϲģʱɲøж˳ƾ͵˻ϵĻǡ
ް
ϻȻô˵Լ˭޵öứŮĵط֪˶ٿ࣬ص˭Ҫ˺͸ҸԷƴ
ĸŮ޳һţڳŮ˶ۿ
峤峤ϽгɣܽΣӦøǼһġ
ܣǿӲ˵
үүΪ峤ʹ峤ˡ
˵ҲˣΪүү㣬Ҳ˺ҵġ
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⻰Ҳˣᣬ̧ͷһѣˡ
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21 
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ûʣֻԴȻ󣬽ߡ
俴ĲţĶҲͦõġ


22 
ˡ
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23 
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ͿŮˣ䣬⹫顣
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ԭǲ˵ȥģɶԷһڣҲ뵽ˣǺ«һڶûԣȫĺˣԭҲˡ
ζñϲǺ«飬ԭļֱóԵĶ
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24 
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25 
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26 
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ں᲻׹ùã˵
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ڰӡ飬ضų⣬ʵҲĸо
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⻹ࡣ
⻰ǿ⡣
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ˣҪ޻ؼҿˡ
˵ɣ޵ңҲûϵģǮ˻ˣԾǲ뻹õôȥΡ

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27 
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28 
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29 
һĺ飬ϵһиƻ
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30 
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Ķ£þЩԶӵԱߣ㣬ǲа취ˣ
ûС
ҡͷؿ䣬ãңΪʲôÿǷһˣ
俴ͻȻתĻЩӦʶػشûа
ȷ
Ŀ£ͻȻ˵ҲرýӲ
ΪʲôÿǷΪռС壬˵ڻܻţΪС˭Ʋˡ
ԭѡİүֺңɴԭļܹĸоСԼ˵Ŀء
үүĵģںﵱѾߵʱҲʱΪ˼˶͵͵õδ滮ܸүϺԺһҪ취Ѽ˶ӹһġ
Ժеľ飬ٹڻһַ˾޴ĸı䡣
Ȼ˵ҲˣûĻԭҲͦȥġ
ԣãռԭ壬ҪúõضԴԭӵЩˣرܼﳤ谮ʱΪ֮ô۰кܴһԭԭСʱүүľٶ


31 
һ㣬ҲϣаЩ˵ǰЩˣ߿˵һָϵļС
ǰΪѧϰãʡԼõعϴѧΪüܹЩϺӣŬعоٻؼҡ
ԭоɹԺͻϼҴţͼһúõϾֻǸǮĵطûﰲҡ
вƣڻؼž۵·ϣǮǴȥˣɾöǰ˿Ƿѡ
ԭʹ£ҲˣԼûзѾʼŲҪΪؼ˺ãҪҸΪ
ͷ룬ʵ㣬Ҵ𣿡
治ˡ
ֻǣΪʲôŬˣǻ顣
ȻòԸ˵ҲǷҪ֪ԭУ뵽⺢ܹܵسȥֻΪүү;ãϣүү뷨е
үүܵ㣿˵
Һܺð
ЩȵؿԵúã˯ñҲûʲôյ飬ðɣСֶŮôһ
ãҪ֪ûܰʮȫʮÿ˶⣬ǼҲһ˵䣬ӴҲ
ͷ
룬֮ǰʲô飬үүǲǵһ˵ģ
ٴεͷ
һأΪʲôҪ㡣
Ҷ롣үү뷨
䣬Ҫףʲô鶼໥ģЩ˲ֵãٺҲûáһ˵ˣǲ̫ĵġ
ͷ׵ġ
Ȼ
㣬Ҳû̫ģڼ˷ӵˣ֮ǰҲ˵İ󷿺жڣõ⣬ڣ壬ƺⲢȤŵȵ󣬻Ϳıְҵÿ˶иԵ룬ҾĿֲˡ
õĻı飬Щͷۣ⻹û̫࣬Ѿǵĺȫ˺
ֻǣ黹˵ʲô󲮣壬Ļ
ЩүүìܵĻˣҲ飬ȾĿɰúܣֵ⺢̫ʵ۸
Ŷһ顣
俿飬С˵ⲻǿƾҪʼҪηܿţҴ˵ʱ飬ȡؼңʱ˵ȥĸǼҲˣټϴ㱾þͲӦ˵һŲĻ¡
Ļüͷãܼˡ
Ƿ𣿡
ҡͷûæ˵ҲҪ˵ʲôΪţĬĿԸһЩ
ô
˵㶨ԺǲǾ͸ֵˣ
š
һʱҲûԷĳصͷ㣬ô㣬ͨ˿϶벻ۣʱõɴ۾ҲûϵԲܼ޴ˡ
ǲӦúܸж
ͷһһӣո˵ģֲ𣿡
ʮ㣬Ҫǻ֪Էˣɵӡ
Ƕ˼ǣСʵ
㶵ؿȻֱ˫֣һνԷƯƯͷɼѣ㣬Ҳһӣʲô֮ǰǵҪȸһ¡
ˣڣܲ۸ȥġ
ġ
æͷһͷҷΪĶøңʮֵĸЦ
ţŮڣţ鶼˳ܶ࣬㣬СֶŮô죿ص
Щ䣬ɷǸ޻̸֮
ҶͷǣҪıǵ뷨ҾúܿѣΪһԺؼҳʲô飬ǶСֶŮġ
ûܱ֤˭δһ˳һ㵹ù¶ġ

鵱Ȼ˼˵飬ĸʻķǳĴ
үүǵɫǻὫСֶŮ˵ġüͷ˵»ǲð졣
Ĭ
һ룬ദ취ġ˵꣬תһ֮۾һ㣬˵ǸνΪʲôСֶŮ
˶νɷǣԣǵĽǶȻؼ˶һ
ɩ
㶵³֡
㿴вСԱ£С˵Ȼɩ˵جΣôҲ˵ЩöǺΡ
ʲôζֻһ֪ô˵ԡ
ԡ
ܿ˼Ц⣬ľȻ˵û뵽ƽɵģؼʱ򣬻ͦɿ
ʲôʱɵˡôһ䣬ߣȥүүǡ
ȵȵȡ
סʲô
ЩЩİȻʵκС˵кܴĿԶǴɩԸһġ
¹һкйϵôܲ
Ӧһ顣
㣬˵ʮָɴؿڡ
ԺǺģΪ˼ˣΪˣѳ˵ǰ棬ȻԼȥѡҪҪĺ⣬𣿡˵ʵڵģΪһôĵġ
Цصͷס


32 
ΪţûڵȥǣصȵڶϣϴãЦеܡ
䣬ȥ
ŷ̫ԣϽʵ
үүȥǱߣСֶŮ˵ʱЦʮֲãֱӱ˵ɫûһ㣬ֱ߳塣
㡣̧ž׷
ֻϧĲ׷ϣȵȥʱ򣬾ͿԼұŮѾССġɷǡֺ壬Щˡ
Ȼŭվһߵؿƽӡ
Щ޹Щίܣһһؽţʵأ
ϲԼŮؿƽۿˣ̲סǰ޳©ڣֱת˳ȥż£Ϊ֪ؽϵˮ㡣
䰡ѺӸүүȥɡ
ŬЦݣ˵
үү㲻֪ϣ˸ɺõˡЦе˵ǹǼ³Сģ߲ʲʺ£СЦÿɻˡ
𣿡
ʡ
ؿƽȴţͻȻðһ뷨Ǹʲôɷǡ᲻Ūˣ
ȻԽԽϣʵˡ
ǲ£С˯ʲô棿գգʵ
ʲô
ظ֡
һźô󣬺ޡֵǰ֯ɵ̺ϡ˵꣬һڣ˵Ǽұдģҵöմմ
﷭ۣòܱ໹ͦݵġ
ֻǣؼҵ˶ŵģζԤʾԵģǸŮˣǸ䣬ҲԸ
䣬ûƭңǣؿƽᡱһվܹʵ
һĪƴ⻰˵ģûƭʲôҾãӦ˸Сһɣ
䲢ôᱧӣرôСģǽӲôһᣬֱ۾ѾòС
ؼ˵ע˵棬鿴ˣɡ
㣬𣿡
ʣţİԵܲãôɡ
鲻ֱӱӣӲĶóôᱧ
үүҪ㣿ģؿƽ֪ɣ˵Żؿ
ͬôģȴûеͷǿ
ȥ
ôܻܾԹ緹Ǿȥ
үүҺͶҲȥɡ
ͷ
Ȼڳ緹ǰͰ¸ԼӺӡ
ҾθһЩ֮ǰƣһ˶ֵַģҲûʲô£ôɷǡĴǶǼҵġ˵
еһ߸ŵͷ
ȥҲãҲϣʲôطŪˡеصͷڿƽϱǺǣŮˣ͸úúõʰһ뵽Ƚ˽ҿƽ̸̸֮̽
ѧ˵ûͷ٣ƽձڵģɫ㲣ȫѪɫһûô˯
Թ緹ؿƽһ˺ŰʵʵСֶŮȥسǡ
سһɵʮֽ棬ɷֳĸ֣ǱɣسǶǳһ˵ʱǰѾмˡ
ֵǵʱ䱧źǰŵΰϣվԱߡ
ؼûע⣬ȴͿˣ䴩ŵķɫ·Լɫ磬϶ϵȵĽУñϵ׺ѩ׵ëͷֻһӣȴͨ͸䡣
һĵط֪ôسǣǷǳǮĴ硣
ˣһºԸо۾һ£ǺǣʼϿõĲ²⣬񿴵λɣ͸еˡ
ںؼˣΪþûк˵ȫˡ
ʲôźӣżƣЦһ翣żֳĳƺš
ɣҿӣҲ֪˭ôģ·ߣǿ˵⻰һģŻĺӣȫû⣬ǼҲȱӣû⣬ʹȥš
ҿ
ϸؿĺӣܾöû˵
ؼЩ£˵ʲôôףȻͼɶźӵоö˵ָ
˵ϣһΡֽ˵һ飬ڴСɣˣҼҶǲӵġ
һҲ¶ڣŮ´أʣһͲͨˡ
ɹȻ飬ڶԷĿ£ֱӾƿߣţλﻹǽã໹Ǵ
ҿС޵࣬ݰף°ͷӸͦ
һɿڣľͷˣȻ룬λνǸݿ˵
ɩͦŴʱ򣬹ɫܲãҲج˵˳֮ǰѾЩ뷨ˡ
뷨ǰɿȻ˳˵ȥ߻дɩͼӴףСֶŮͱˡɷǡ
;ãûĻɩɲϲŮ
Ȼ˵֮ɶСֶŮóۣ⺢ѵõи֮󣬴ȥžûҡ


33 
ɣ ȷûи֮ᱻӣʵ
ô ⺢ӵĳǲţԼڿ˵ЩǰĹõЦݣ ֪û
鷳ˣҶûб˼ 벻Ҫ⡣
Ǹ˵꣬ ͳӣֱϣ ŵġ
ɿӣ ûֱȥã ǿ˵кñң Сǲдġ
š
䱧ź㣬߰ɡ
ɨһɣ ͷ뿪ȻЩӣ Ҳ֪ûŻȥ֮ һҪúõ˵˵䣬 ôôִŵġ
֮⣬ ﻹǷǳ˵ģرؿƽ׷ǣӹŮЦһá
ˣȥɣһҲöˡ
ͬЦݡ
š
үү󲮣磬ҺͶ㻹سǹ䣬ȻȥɡЦ˵
ͷ𣿡
ҡͷһûȥĵԹȥ
עʱ䣬̫Ҫ۵Ļţ໨ǮҲûйϵ֪𣿡Ҳ֪˭ղž仨Ǯִŵġ
֪ġ
ɵصͷ
飬չ˺֪𣿡˵꣬Ů룬ӿϽһɰ˺һᣬʮǮʱ˵Ļͺһţ
ʮģպţȥؼҴļ۸
ӹͷûж˵
żﻹлֶ䣬תˡ
ϴ󰡣ô£ôǵʲôʱЦүү
Ҳ֪
Ůö֪һվԺ󲻺żҡ
ԻȻԶȥ⼸䣬ǻġ
ʲô
ʡ
ҡͷûʲô
Ҳżңʡ
ô᣿Цĵ˵ͨҲ䲻ǼҶ㡣
ǵҲǡͷԼǺŵģ˵Ŀжޣ˵Ҫж٣һ㣬ĶģٺãҲûá
ˣȱġ
ãҪҸ⣬ԭչģţѴ˶һ飬Щм䣬ҲͷϿǸ˲š
ĸκڣ۶࣬治
ˡ
Զһسӣ䱳ϵ̣ﶼ£Ҫģ䲻ǼãʱöԷϿ̡
㣬ȥĶȫ֪ﲻ£Ķ㣬ʱڿǸҶЦʵ
سǣô󣬻ûʲôùġ
ӻ̡
ʲôʡ

ĻشǼࡣ
㣬ܵЦ˵㣬ˣ׸ȽϺãҪҪҸֵľ
ɨһۣô˵ģ
ðɣҾԱ߿ţԲ˵Ҳ֡Ҳμӣֻϧڶǰһֻķݡ
ţ͸ԼҶһʵǮȥСԵ꣬ʲôܵ㣿
Ѿ⻰ȫǰԹ׵ΪʲôֶŮ˵Ļ¶Ӷˣ㣬ֻţſ˳ԣ͵Աץס˻Ҫ۹Ǯί
óԵĶһݣҽ緹ûôԣ͵һ١Ҳûп
Ϣ
֪ǿЦģ⻰ǻ΢΢ûһᣬͰĿζѷ˶˹
һ߿ţƫģûˡ
Ƶس극ڽãȥ˳Ǳ̯ܿӵĲ˴ԼСʱ̯ǮֱӸ˹ȥ
ô˷ʲô
Цؿ䣬ϾͲûдšҪɻˡôһ仰
֪Ǻ˷ܡ俪˵
Ժ飬ҪҪҴ㣿һ㶣漴뵽һıõĻᡣ
ҪҪġ
صͷ
ˣС㡣ôеӣЦ˫ȥСԴǵ棬׻סˡ
㣬ˣˡ
ųԷļһսһСӣֱӺĻ˵
ϡ
˵꣬ӼӴ󣬼ӿһЩҪСŲܸϣΪ֪жڣκεΣգϲִ̼ĸоƺһЩ
۽ɨһߵãԲԲϺ˵ģһ˫۾Щˣ뵽֣С
ΪĽŲأǰɣڿҪɵʱ򣬶ԷԾ׼תͱһ˹ȥ
㣬
һμŮĶɾ䣬ѽ˧ҪˣֻϧŮսٰɵĳ棬ܻѹɤʹడ
죬վһߣɴ۾š
ʲôˣʲôɿʵ΢΢Щţȴԡ
ɡ
˵ԼҶ˵ģ侪ˣС˵ŮļˣӰǿڼ
ȻŮ㣬
ǡ
ǾûҴˡ˵˵꣬ûٶ˵ֱӶ֡
֣úΪʲô𣿡
һߺʹһ߿ʵ
ƭ
˵ôһ֣ȭߡ
Ҳǰ뷨˵ѣƭ˰ɡɾԩҲǸЩԥһ¶ĵĽڶѣʵҵĹϵǺܴ󡣡
Ҳǽ˶ѣҹϵҲǺܴ󡣡
ڻûסǰ˶Էһţʮּ˵
һɨȥˣĵ˶Էһ£ŹԹԵվԭλãգ޹Ĵ۾ԼҰĶ㡣
ǸӣЩЦá
ſٵؽʰˣȻƿԷӵλãǮʾߡ
ͷһ뿪СӣƬ֮ͳǰ֮ǰӸ
ٺһЦôô󷽣һƭӣֲɵӣǺͶõġ
㣬ЩǮô죿ʡ
Ӧǲ֮ưɡ鿴ܵԺӣһԺӽȥһЩɢͯӡ
﷭ۣ㣬ҾǴӦñǸҪЩ콵֮Ƶġ
Ͳ£Ժ˲ɻү𣿡
⻰Ĭˡ
̾Դã˻һӲףҪһЩҪ̫࣬κ鶼кûֽҪηηţΪԭĽôȫԼѡ񣿡
俴
Ҳͣ
㣬˼ǣʵҲûʲôʡ
ͷʵֻΪǵҡ
ףΪ鷳Ϊ
Ҫú롣
Ҳ𣿲ù̫࣬ôô
ԴӾŬ飬ϴѧϾͼ縺Ҫһ˹Ϻص䣬һοʼţѧϰŷϵĵӣعӡ


34 
ϵ΢Цһ 룬 żġ
㣬ȥɣˡ
̧ͷ飬飬 ǰûƯ· ʵûдˣ ȥ̯ϴҪң ּۻ۰졣
磬 ·Ŷ࣬ ʵȫԭģ͵ģ ˶ղ˵ЩرҪԼЩֻΪԼϲ Ǽ۸һַʽȥ
߰ɡ
ԼϵĿ̫ŨңĳӲľ ǣֱ֣˵ȥС
ͷ
سǱȽϸߵҵ֣ ǰͲȱǮ  ϲĶ򣬺ͼ۸޹أȻԼȻҲίá
Ҳⷽ뷨ǣһҽһҵع䣬俴еĶʱʶҪȥʼ۸񣬾͵̫ˣֵá
ʱѾ˵ˡ
ЦȻͲˡ
㣬㿴Ҵźòÿ
ֽʵϣ䣬ϲƽΣСʱܴӰ죬ܾûƽֵǮȻҲĶ
ڻƽûôù
ˣһεֱ꣬ȥƽƷĵطϸرÿĻƽϣ֡
ͦÿġ
ͷ
㣬һһɡ俪˵㿴ϲһ
ԡ
Σô⣬ûжνԼ²ӣϸؿһҪ÷İɣ㲻ϲһ𣿡
š
ͷ÷Ͷ䡣
֮ǰĶǮһΣŰǮˣ㣬͸һҪǮġ
ðɣ
ûѣǲػѵ顣
ε꣬ЦؿϵĽĵòˡ
𣿡
ҡͷЦһڰۣˣɫˣǻȥɡ
һ·ϣ䶼ڿһԼģһֿģֵòӡ
ҪϲԺġ鿪˵
ҡͷԺٶ࣬Ҳϲˣ㣬㲻֪СʱҾرҪһӣԸԳˡ
ҼǵκвٵİЩ죬ҡӶв١
ǲһЩҵģ͵ģԼѡģȻǮģоȫһУһԼĹƷ
ҡҡŻζЦ۾
Ȼ˵úܸˣ鿴Цݣ֪Ǵ﷢Ļϲ
ȴЩᣬоĿѹһʯͷ㣬ϸػûصԺ飬ƺûһΪԼġ
Ǹɵӡ
øġ˵
Ҫǽ˵һЩɵӶĺøж㣬͵ʮĻƲ˵Щģؼң⺢Ӳ˵˭֪ʵϲƽ𣬸Ӳ뵽ȥ
Ͼ֮ǰôĹƷȫˣ˭뵽оȻûһԼǮġ
͵ģϲϲûϲϲؽţûеˣҲ뵽Ĵ˼棬ѾڱϿ÷ӣɵһȵĸоû˻ϲġ
ԣ˵Щ˿ֵͦǮģȴϲ
鿴ǸϦ·ų˹âԼϵģȻǲһġ
Ҫ򣬵ȵ´ʱٸ򡣡
Це˵ȻҲ׼ġ
ҵʱϵĻƽ⣬ؼҪעⶼУټһһСİȫ·һЩʵõС⡣
۵òУǿǮЩʳԽʵڡ
ϺͻϿŽŻط䣬üΣɿϵЦݣվʲôҲû˵
˼ˣ˷ӣҲûж˵һϸǶռ䲻ٵıˣѾͷһҲǡ
ԹȥɢĻ˵һ顣
үүЩ䲻ף﷿ˣҲ͵ѧȥˣ˭ҵĹŮһҾãֵʲôҪ
ۿ죬֪Ȼȥٹ䡣
ͷҪȥɢء
ɢƻԼҵȻû˯ķſڵţ£
û£ԭʡŵǮЩױɿŮ֪ΪΣ⻰˵ˣЩ˯ɡ
ţҲЩϢ
һߣһ죬˴硣
εǰļˣ·ӣ˳ӣԣˣ迴ƺ˲٣һ˿úҸ
ķǰҲ֮ǰ޵ʹһ߸ֽһúõõǡ
κܳΪȥǮΪļˣԽԽãȥǰĴȴһһ٣˺һ죬˰裬ֵܽҲһ֡
۾ʱѾˣЩãеܡ
˹úã˵Ӧø˵ģʱƣǽǸģΪʲôôܡ
·ʱÿϴĶ㣬Щ죬㣬ôˣ
֪ÿ磬ȴû뵽Ȼȼ˶硣
ÿ춼ʱ򡣡
鿴㣬ô˯ᡣ
˯̫磬˯ˡ
һµӣҲʣҪȥһȦ
ȥ·ͷ
һӺ飬ÿ·߿ʼܲԭʲһȦȻȲ϶Ҳã΢΢Ϣһ£ٺȵˮѾָˡ
ȥԺȥ𣿡
ǻʱؼҵѾˣȥ鿴ӵŮڼʰӣ緹һæúܡ
ȥ
ͷǸΣ֪˶ĻӰ죬˼ҹΣʵεھҸģõѡ
ҪҪѧʡ
ҡͷ
ŶԷȭһᣬſ˵㣬˵һҾӣҪûͦ˻ô
ûΣүүܻ̿ĺһӣҲܻʹ޲ѣӻù䣬Ҫ֪ϣû˭뿪˭ͻ˵ġ
һߴȭһ˵Ϊû㣬ǵӹüһЩʱһż㣬Ҳ¶ĵı飬һʱ
һѹЦ˵ЩǼ裬ǲڵĶʵǣڻúõػţ䣬㾭ӦþףûʲôܱҪҪеĻǻøãøʹ졣
ǰҪ𣿡ʡ
ԣǰҪǰ顣Ļ˵úܼᶨԼôôڿǱ˵뷨䣬ҪǵãѾǱ˼ҵѾߣӦȫԼˣӲܡ


35 
Ļ ڵϣ öû˵
ȶҪ˵ʱŸС߹ԴӱŮ˺Ժģ վڲԶĵطš
˵ĶԻЩף ֲǶ ͬĻԼҵıŮӦÿĵ 䰡 ϰɡ
š
ͷ ӹʣ үүҪ緹𣿡
ǰҹȥ緹Ůĺۣ ЦݶЩŤȰǵͳ䣬 үү˵ľƽĻˣ뿪 үү춼㣬 ôҲ֪ үүһֱǼģԶǡ
š
ӣͷ
ǸΣӰ컹ǺܴģĵҪͨƻҪһЩʱ䣬ĻЩοԭĸ˼ǵõġ
緹ʱ򣬴ɩ俴Ŵøƣӣ죬վʲôû˵
Ҹ˵˶ٴΣɶ˵ˣѾǸиĺӣͲʲôɷǣôͲأѺӽʱţؿƽظڲ֪˵˶ٴεĻ
ֻϧѾ϶ǺӾǡɷǡϣѹȥĻ֪龭Ժþ͸࣬๫Ҹ˵ı
⻰ؿƽһˣʲôϵ
Ҳ룬ԴԺǴкù𣿡ԴӳǩԺ࣬Լִºӣ̲סе뷨˵˳鱻ף͵زȫԺġ
ؿƽɴ۾ȫ𾪣벻ףΪʲôô룿
֮ǰأ
ѵ˵ҪӣȴԸΥ˾ͱ
ؿƽǲ⡣
ô˵ϴ·͵ĲϣÿԵļȵüǮģסĵطҲ仨Ǯġ
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ΪʲôҪһˣ
ؿƽֱӱĻˣŶԷţĪķˣҪҪһ
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ǰҲûˣװԭȢһչ˺ӣһȫļͥͷӹɵģʱһãµĺӣװѾ֮ǰĳԣر˺֡
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УҲҪؼҵӸսã˶֪ؼҵĺˣΪɩһŮͰˣ룬ֳ֪
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Ц㣬ûôɵʹɩ֮飬ôȥܣСֶŮҸĶˣѲһ
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˵δ޵ĹԺҪ˵ģźӶңԺӶãαأ
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Ҫȥһ١ 
ֽ֣˻ȥ㣬ȥְɣҪ֣ԽԽ֡
綼ûж֣ȥˣ˵׼ﻹʱ򴫳ȥСӰӵɩˣԶӲá
˵⻰ԼЦˡ

ЦЩĪ
ܻġЦ˵ɩúܣڼôڣɹˣ˺ʹĸ飬ȫ˲˵Ҫ塣
ȻûӣҲ֪ŮˣǺúϢɩҹͣؿ֣ʵڲ֮١
⼸˼͵óһҪĽۣűʲôҪҪóͱӵн壬ˣԺÿ϶ŶȥһȦһ¡
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ţûøҪŲס𣿡˵
뵽ԼҴӣٿ䣬ţȻһˡ
㣬ôҸʲôͷðɣҳԭԵ⣬һǺֵܼĺ𣿡
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ͷ
Щˡ
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鿴䣬䣬һߣ̵֣ܵܽûвκϡ
ؿƽظһΣ鿴ʵͽʹ಻ѵĴ磬Щˡ
⻰ֱӾͰؿƽһ٣֮ǰ˵ô࣬㶼ôôҡ
ؿƽԴứӣ͸ˡ
֮ǰ߹ֶŮ˲˵˵ᣬҪǻֱӰ͵ȥԷҪǹܲãͲҪͻˡ
ء
ؿƽ᲻ãϼ޵Ǽңûӣۿˣְ˸ˣʲôˣ
ǣһһҹ˼ǾŮֻϣЭܹϱԭӡ
ľˣ
ʡ
šؿƽʹصͷ
Ǻá
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š
ؿƽõİ취ûйϵʱŮ
䲢⣬ʱﴦƽķӣѪܽ⡣
үүô鷳⺢ˡͻȻĶӣسƽ˵


36 
ؿƽ̧ͷ ãȻ мʹ
ﶼһ˿졣
϶ʲô֣ûףʲôޣЩ˵ ûףǺӣ һȥȥ
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ü
ϴԼҶӡ
үүѾؼҵĹ 壬ǵŮŮ Ǽҳֻǻ˸ѡسƽ˵ú档
ֻǣ һ仰 ؿƽˣ ۶ʹࡣ
Ҿóƽ˵ûѾô˵ҲǼһһӣҪǰͳȥ˵ùȥڵĻ´үүǼԸǴ˻ôǼңУãˮͬ
ģ̫ˣ϶ͬ⣬϶δŵϱͬ𣿡ҡͷ˭ҲԸ⣬ûžѾֻɵӲŻͬġ
Ϊʲôͬ⣬ڲûзּңǳ˶ึһݾԴҶһġ˵سƽͣһ£һ⣬а˵
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ߣߣСϷѣ۽̫խɲ˴
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ֻǣ俴飬΢΢ͬ飬ԺеˣʹӸղŶɵ˵Ѿֻǻ˸ѡͿԿóûн
ЩС·ϡ
ô
Ӽûзֲԣˮ͸оˣͻȻվֶһϣ
ԴɩԴѾ̶ȣҾѾʺƹǴ󷿵ļվǹسǻẉ̂æţϱһžƹܴ󷿣һͬѾġ
سƽ˵⻰̬ȺܳϿңӼ˼
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磬һٸѾţϱ֪ģҿ㱣֤԰ŮţƽҪѾŮͶ۰һЩ˵ǰ棬۰ԣѾеֻȴܲҵͬͺҵָֻš
ؿƽмؿˮð⣬Ƿḻؽһ塣
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سƽϵЦȥԼ壬Ŀ£Щŵصͷ巢ˡ
鿴ˮλƽﲻɽˮģû뵽ǳ⣬Ψһسƽĵˣٿϣʱ˫ضԼˣȫûаĲˡ

Ϊж˼䶼ǲǽĵ·ӵµĵ䷶ĻаĲô˵ô졣
Һ忴ҲһģȻӣָ۸ʲôӣﻹ¶Сһ̬
ЩӦôҲһš
Уͽ㡣
ȴֱӿ˵
ϱģͬƽ˵ĻҪϱһž͹ܼңǲǾźƽƽ󷿱ڣ˭֪ڳʲô
һͬ⣬ǸԼϰӵģֵǲᷴԼˣУǵ뷨ͿƽһҲãĿžͱȳƽɿһЩ
ѴѾԺԺˣ˵ˣǸиĺӣţġ
ˮ˵
á
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϶ҲϡѾϱţ˵׼һһͬĵŮˡ￴ŶӵɫЩãЦŰο
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飬䵹ͨ˲٣֣û黹ǻᱻֵþһЩҲ߽ô⣬˻Ƕˡ
ðɣϣ̫ˣŻ˼롣
ǣҲܣֻϧػøɣɵڣ̫ոճûþͰ죬Ȼ֣ȥæģȴϺȡ
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Ȼ͵ظ߹˫ϸ۵˫֣ǲСɳûиũ裬һ磬˰ôĵط
˺ູܶˮԼĳɹ⣬ֻϧһͷģȫѪݡ
ã
һ߸ݣһ˵
ۣۡ
Цؽš
飬㡣緹ܳŮӣۣ˵˵⺢Ҳǣôˣôô˲ģҾһתզͿųͷȥأӴҪǱүүˣɲˡ
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使ｿ˵
ӴҵĸΰԺɱô˵ˣܲס㴵۵ֱӴǰʼ鷴Ӧ죬Ȼпܻϵͣɴ˿ɼĶж졣
ͣ¶ؿˣ󲻵òѵ̣Ĳ˺ˡ
ϷӦܽ飬㣡
鿴䣬

ʵҲûôֻۣǣͨһЩԺµļܣǾ㣬˵ģôľôġ
ԣҵĴ
鷴ʣͷѪݣȫЦ⡣
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ˣַˡ˵꣬һɽͷũæڰɡ
á
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Լָ˫֣㣬ҼǵֻĲˮݵġ
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俴Щɵʣģ
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ҿޡ˵꣬ԼЦˡ
˵ԼұŮ֣ŵòͱͷҵ˽ţȷֻмˮݺ󣬲ŷǰ
䰡ǲżгԵģ˭ġڶ֪ɽͷҪʲôȴ˵⻰ʱȫûпǹԺһѵġ˭ʲôܡ
š
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үүæһӣͰȥİ˵
á
ȻôӦģȵũæһӹˣ˿ģүү𷢹ǮУȻ󣬾֣үүұ֤һԹԵġ
ţҪģ͸ȥسתת
ͷ
á
ũæڼϿŵϢȴڴﴫˣ֮ǰ׵ڴоͳЦ
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鿴䡣
ҪǰԭļƻӦֱȥҷϵģڣȥ㡣
ԺڴĺøֵǰЩӣһҹ֮ͽ˸ʮҲûʲô飬ȥҲá
ǣڶȥȥس֣յʱֻõһҰأˣ羰ĵطߴߴ÷ǳö
ٴμ飬ǸĹӱߣëڳд飬˿ǳİƽͣǣ¶һЦݣתããˡ
֮ǰĴ㣬ٿǰλҪһģһĳ࣬ȫ˵ˣǵûбñģëȻĸо
ͬǰ˵ǺԼĹҲڲ²⣬Ƿʲô飬˴ĸı䡣
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·ͬĽԺͬʱôһʣͬʱɫ˭û磬ĸоǲ֪УǴԽͬôҲҪദ֪
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ֻÿŻ飬ȴǸܳģ˵ͱ˱ͱһӣ϶Ҫĺܾá
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á
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Ŀϣڴʲô⡣
ھӣˣȻܺһСƽϣͬˣҲģûʲôĿĵءʮ̹ϵ˵


37 
ϵ̬ʮϣ Ƕһͷˮ뿪СԺģ ʵǺ˳ˣ˳óɵɡ
㣬𣿡ԭΪĵأ
ʡ
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俴飬ûпЦ˼
ѵʵǸˣ С֮ģ𣿡
õֹ鶼Щ֪ղŵĻشǲȷġ
һߣ СԺ
ϣҲŲɫ ɴʱͦñֱ ˫ƽ ֽŵλǡô
Ǵʱǳã üͷҲֻ΢΢͸¶źͶׯڵĻһϵóֻаĴ˼̫̫ӵеʡ
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⻰ϲûзֻǣŵȭͷܿóﲢûϱֵôƽ
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39 
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¼ᣬѹֵʹࡣ
񣬺úûҪʱҪģϵˣӺùЩǾͱţûа֮ǰװҲˣȿȡ
һ˺ѷεĿԣЩüëڴᡣ
⺢ӻûƭĶӣôܡ
ǲǺûãûбԸƽƽسڱĵطҲģطʵµúܣһ뵽㱻۸߱˰˵ĳ棬ҾͲұۣܹŵ㳤ֻǣ첻Ը죬Ųסˣ㲻Ҫ
鿴ű񣬼ûһ˿Цݣʣסۣȥ
ӲǺܴҲһܹҹʾ֭ãҲֻ뵽һֻõķӣȥȥչĶӣϲ㣬ţݣܲῴ㱻۸ġ
Щܱˣﻹ˵ʵϣ˵Ļȫˡ
ӣɻʵۣͰôģô㣬룬ҲԺȵġ
Ȼǻӣȥʹˣ
ͷԽԽࡣ
費㣬㶼Ҫסӵı֣治ϣȥǸλã̫ˣˣȻҪҪ˼ϣܿĵġ
ȻõӣҪȫҪչ˶ӵ˼ôס
лĻҵϣܹȥߣҸϲĹһѵĺӣңعһӡ
ܹ黹̫ˣȻҲˡ
ˣ˵һѣ˰ɣӰǧҪúõİҲ֪ı˵׼ǻټģԣ̫İ
һλɣҲѹסŨŨĿ⣬鶼ԼúЦŵӣĶ²ۣ϶ǳ
¼ʹصСĵպãţöû˵
ҹؼҴ壬ƽ͡
ǻӣȴƳĬ
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ͷһи֣Ϲڡ
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Ĭš
˵䣬ҳԺ󣬲ˣﲢ֡
ʬꣿԺôĸ֡
Сʱǵӹúܿ࣬óϡŹֵ⣬ȻǴӹȥﻻǮԵĺʹġ
˵Сʱ飬ϴҸЦݣĵӣĸǵǺ«ھǵĴСҴܡ
ôģΪʲô
ĵ⣬˵ԵԲǲġ
¶ȷֵʱ򣬾ѾԹģ
뵽ʱ򣬳׶Ĵ̹ǵʹʧ۾ͳζŲץҲо
Ǹʱĺ뽫˶ɱᡣ
ʱʹࣿ
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šͷŰؽǰܵĥϸ˵һ顣
ֱӱǧĺӣǸʱꣿ
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񿪿˵ʹ޲ѣѾŬسˣûü
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ʲô
ʡ
㲻֪ڰѾߣΪ˺̫̫һԣܹصģȥ·ݲŻصļҡ
˶סˣҲ˵ʵһֱҲ̫Զˡ
Ǻǡ
ЦԷҪô⣬Ҳ𴩣ǣͲǵ㡣
ԣ̣үү̣⹫ţʨɽ˵ڳΪ֮ǰѾʨɽѾˣûü֡
ŲǲǹҰأֻҪС
˼ǵõ飬˵ûз
ͷ̹ȻһӾץסص㡣
Ҳ˵ʵֹȥʹġܿóۡ
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üȻѾﻹЩô˵һȥʹģȻڻʹµһжӦûʧģЩ
Щˡ
ԣҲص㣬˵ôʹ𣿡ʡ
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һҪβһϸʣʵд𰸵ģԼǰˣͱ顣
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뵽ˣҲ뵽ˣ̣˼ǣ
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⵹ܽΪʲôȫǵˡ
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Ȼû˵ǣģǵֹҲΪԺȥ˻ʹļ䣬ƺǸѭûᵽôĻʹ
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ԺҪ䵥ţҪôţҪôҸš
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š
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ΪʲôЩҲûж룬ϾԼԺﻹиøжϵͳҪ֪Էĺøжʱͻ
˭ûеܡ
Ȼ˵һ꣬˽龭Ƿ˼һЩ黹ǽԷû֮ǰôĮˡ
һҹ䷢֣ߵ˸š
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ðɣ䲻ʡ
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ȶû߿һᣬֹˣʲô
гӡ
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Ѯسƽף°ûǱȽŨصģ壬˶ӶϱԺ󣬵ϾЩȣһͷչš
󷿶˸ϱԶԭûжӰ죬ԼҲôΪģֻǣڶ죬˾ͷ˲졣
緹ϱ߽ķ䡣
Ҳڰ
Цشк
ڿ飬΢΢ͷǻӦ
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Ķ£ЦһϲԷݹĲ豭һڣ˵һͨûǲ˵¡
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üͷͬ΢Ц˵뱻ŵ˼Ѿˡ
ŶǾͲˡ
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ɩҵģҪϲöġЦ˵ӲֵʲôǮġ
ȻֵǮ͸Һˡ
ϽԴһ壬ʮָɴࡣ


40 
üͷúܽ Ϊʮֲϲ ЦѵɩҵĶ¡
ʱѾ飬 䣬ܾ̫һЩ Ůˣ ǰֱӴ֣ Ժ󻹸Ҳñ˵Ķˡ
뵽˵Ļ ﵣĲѡ
ã ˸ôһ㣬رǹң ̫ŲãôΣһôˣ˵⻰ Դ϶ŽӵѾױ̨ϵκУŵĸΣ۾
ֱվ
ͷһɫ ֪Ҫˡ
æվס֣ 㣬  žˡ
ü
㿴ãҽҲˣٳòã
Ц˵ǣϾǴ󷿵ˣֵ̧̫ͷͷģ¶㲻⣬쿴ҲӰġ
ûĹˣȣؼҷǳܳ裬УǶĹŮվһ㣬ǶͶɩ˵һӰ춼ûУڸɫǺǣôǾҪýȫԶԵ׼
ɩ˵һ飬ҵĶ¡
Ц˵⻰ţ۸úܡ
ϼֱóκһӣϣЦ˵ãúÿ𣿡
ÿϣɩЦó
Ц
û뵽ɩҲǸûӵģϱ²һ๫ǰˢøжȣҲûʱѡ¡
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ôͱˣЦʧۿͺˣת˳ȥ
ΪȢϱԣŮ˸ɻƺһЩ
ۿһƵܹؼһ˲ˡ
䣬ôˣ
ϽԼұŮѲﻹ˸۸뵽ŭؿһӵˡ
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ۿתɩɩҷҵΣҲ˵ҿš
һᵽɩسƽ;òá
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䣬ǲʲô᣿
سƽЦ
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ޣԺǮ࣬ƯΡ
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һֱˮĻ๫ŶɩɩԣҲŵͷǰ
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ϵһӾͰˣҪɱͻȥҴ˾Իġ
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ԣô˵ʱĸŮһҲ֡
ΨϾɵкöҪ
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Ц˵
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ԣһˣǾ䣬Цеģȫûһ˿ӡ
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ǰЩ飬ܹһ㣬ֲΪء
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ҲܺڣŮʮأسƽĻʵôģؼҿ䣬ΪǮһҪ޵ѾͷƬӣٿأôҲܳжġ
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֪ˡϵɫЩףԺ֪龹Ȼôء
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վʨɽ棬Сƽأ˵㣬ľݰɣ֡

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һεͷ
أ
Ŷɵ©ˣ׼ʱͿԸСһˣģ
ޱ飬˲佩ӲıЦȴʮֲãֻмͬţã˭װɵš
ġ
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á
Щգ⻹彡Եñ˯㣬Щ⣬ͦģˣʵпܾȵùģȥ
飬ϵԽãԽǲá
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ȻԼڷӵһȦľ㣬سǣľģ֪س˸𣿡
ĵͷ
УͽңҪʲô

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áͷ
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š
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һĻ˼뵽øĶЩɣǲǺһǴԽģֻǣУƺֲ̫
ǰӴЩŮӣûһƢôТ˳ġ


41 
һĹ֮ˣ ܽ뱣Χ˲࣬Ͽɵˣ Ǿͻ߾ȫΪԷǣǶԷ˶Բ飬֮¡
ҲΪ֪пܲž޴ܣҲûȥ̽׷ʵ׵뷨
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ҡͷ 㣬һиõķӡ
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ֱӾЦۣ ЩĹϹҴ˿ӱ޵͵
˵⻰ʱ ͱ˼ ˵ͣ Ժĵλ϶ǲģԣʹ;Բ١
ʵǮεģҪǣάźͺĹϵС⿴ι̵Ĺϵؼһʲôʱڲ𺦺£˵һ仰Ըġ
Сһ仰ССؼҴسǵȴǷǳߴġ
ڶһ磬˾ȥسǣȥҩ̣Դͷȴ¡
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ҩ̣俴ߵıЦ˵ߣȥСҪϲĻǶֻ
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̾һȻ󣬴񣬸ǰĲ
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С·Ϧͣһжôá
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鲻֪ΪΣҲû֮ǰĸ߰ЩԾ
俴ų˵һʹ˵飬ܵǣ˵ϵ־Ȼת壬ٵؿꡣ
ֱѡ÷תͨ簴ť˫ֱֽһţֱӾͳ˹ȥ
Ķ飬ԼԪ껶ŵɫףЩУģ¡
ĺ˲ûȻӦ죬һ٣һ˿ڡ

ڿ쿿򶷵طʱУ۾һԼͱ˹ȥǺõȥһ˿ϲ⡣
׳գĺ
ȻǺ˻ûзӳΪʲôճйŹֵϣͷҲճԼ棬˦˦
ȻǱһ㣬ʼ鴤
ãѶҡ
鿴Ǹ˵أ˵ĺ˷׷׾ؿеĶϵضԼ˵
㣬ֻﰡ
˵꣬뵽ԼҶ±ϤЩ
һ߶ȥ
Ŷһ֣еľƣֱӵͷȻһ̵ܵһߵʯͷš
㿴ңҿ㣬գһλڣȰ£
ϻ̫ࡣ
ղʱô˵⻰ˣڣŲԸ˷ѿˮֱӶ֣ǽεĺˣҪڡ
Ԫ껵ͷ
ǶףЩһܻȻ޾鷳
絹ԺʣµҪܣֻϧԪ껺ͱͬ⣬ȵԪ껴ͳһƿӡ
İɫĩк˵ʬ棬վ侪ȵؿЩʬˮ
ⲻص㣬ôʶô
ȵȡ
һţǴ͸ˣôˣĴڣѲλǴ˵еУӣ
ϸڣԽĿ϶űҲԽĲ
ʱͶమ໥֣ƺ󣬾ͿʼͶŰˣ̥ȴȢСڶҪĵʱ򣬻ع֮ǰᣬö氮
һĻں޲
ޣоУ뵽ôһˣȻΪ˺ԭСĴڣ۲ѡ
öôı仯ɼڼ˶ٵίʹ࣬еĴ
񣡡
ڶͱ֮䣬ºߺһӵҪѡʱԥվڶߵġ
ǣŭһ𣬽ţȥҪѵС
ûע⵽£ȵʯӣ˽ţûס͹ϣԴĵʯͷϣǰһڣȻʲô֪ˡ
ΪƭѾñѵ׼˭뵽ΣѾȥˣﻹ¡
ܹȥʱһ˶ûУ˵ƤӡӶûУƤ󣬿òˣֻôжвѡ
ʱ䣬Ķ
Ա顣
ǰų򣬺ԱһģһżЩȷؽе
ףΪĹϵҵҵȫǼ͵ģҲͬпģܾͬеıӣǣڵһοźҾ;Ϊ˴̼ѵһС
ҡͷףҲУҵͣΪ۸񲻺Ӧҷʡġ
۸ͬģ
ԱίЩѾʼ㲻룬ҲС
׼˵ҪͶߣǰĳͱˡ
󱳱˴һƣˣΪеɫͿԹϣҲʲôݣҪ֦ͷˣޣΰɣԺúôŰɡ
䲻ԣͷͿһһ࣬ʮҵŮˣʮֺݶ˵ֳ꣬¿ˮ
ٵض
Ůһ㶣û뵽ʱˣȻҶ㣬׼֣ȴߴٵӱ﷢һߣתߣ뿪ʱѱͺƾɵŹصáѵһ졣
һּ䲻ԤС
ڵϣתͷͿĲãԺӣɭɭݣߴĳǽҲ֪ǲԭܸо
ô£
ףпʼˣ뾡ѡ
Ҫȥ
ܡ
ԱǿӲؾܾ
ƵһӣڿԶһֻȭͷô֩վתȥţſƾɵĺܣȴǳι̣ҡһȫûҪµӡ
ԣеĵط
ϣһͭ嶼ûУֱ޷ģףʲôѡ
ףԼ취
Աƺڵ״̬ǸˣûԼͬӣ׻ңڵعӵģߣΪɵҪǸҲݣɲѣǮʲô򲻵͸뵽ˡ
ȻԲϣΪϵֻҵôһԷϵ塣
ףĶ
ʡ
ʹ
Աô֣ףѾش𣬽Ҫ⣬븶Ǯ⣬ʮһΣе⣬һΣ⣬ǧһΡ
ף굽Ǯȥ𣿡ֱӷۡ
ף˭ҺģұӦø߹Ŀ޳ģôӹײ׵ĴˣûǮҪ졣
⻰ո£Աͷֱӱ˻ɫ
ԣǰţ뵽ʹֲֿ˲Ժ˦˦ԴתǰĻĲݣݣ֩롣
ðɣŮ˵ĻúõشŰɣû֮ǡ
ѡߵһ·ڲ֩󣬶Դ֩˿ĺ󣬻ʹоȻҲôƵĵط
ӿƣǳңã鷿УǸĲԺӡ
оô棬ε֮ǰ磬ȴŸոϣſе¶ȣƺǴ＾ڣڳҵһĲ˵
Ѳ˵ǰԺӵĻĲݣ£䣬ͣҪ˫ִġ
ôԹһȻƨɣʼݡ
Ĳ˵ûôãܱͽְҪãʲôУѺòãû˼ˣдȴʵġ
ۿתգһ˻ȥʱֻԼֺۣɼָݡ
ˮӶͷ䣬Щߣ̲סһ£Щ̣ſɬζ
ԣʱ򣬲ԼһѣͲ֪ԼжһѵĻĲݣ֮һĵطʱһʱ䣬վԼĳɹʱһԺС
˭˵ܸɻġ
ⲻǸɵͦõ
һ紵ӣ۾Щˣûʱ˴ˣתǰһھ磬ȴܸоľʲôֲĶ
ˮܺ
ʾɡ
촽ÿʰ
ʱŵ侫һȻ󣬾ͷ˴ϵĶͽ룬һͷһһ
ӷһ·
Ͷһ磬Ѿܶˣûˮϴֻ֣ܼ·زһȻץͷͳ
һ߳ԣһߺ
νֻƬҶӣоͰ׿ˮûʲôһ߸̾ʹ˹Ȼˣһ߽һغꡣ
θںǺܺãһͷȥƺͱˣʣµһͷ룬Ǿ˭֪ûͷ
ţǲ˵ֱλҪҡ
ͻȻ俴룬ϸؿ棬ףǮˡ
Ա̾ߣҪʲô
㿴ֵǮ
ļ۸ʮǮһѾþˣֻġ
䷭ۣһ£һ൱һǮһǧģԣ룬ֻһǮҪһǮٸ롣
ǰһ㣬˶ٶ£һ룬ǮԣҪʮ׬һǮ
Ǻǡ
Ա飬סˣתתܵݵ鷿ǵãһܹٵģ˿Ʋ©òеľͰΣŴ˰ˮ
ֳؽ˽鷿û취ʢˮľֻⱿص
鷿˿ƲʪԺ󣬽ĵزһܲ׬ǮƷ᲻ᰤȫˡ
ˣ佫ϸϸز˸飬¶ԭģֲһңʲôöģף㿴ء
ԱЩˣֱӿۣһ
ȷûпң
䲢֪ļ۸ܾܳڻʹĸ⣬ӦöǸ߹ɫһƺ̫ˡ
һʮҪͻˡ
ɡ
ðɣ˭ڴѣУֹԼģҲۣ˵н󣬻ȥһõģţöǮ
ţپǰʧȻһֱûг֡
Աʮ޳ܵؿڣף˻һʮԪ
˼Բˣһʮ飬ֻѣӣԲ𣬽ĿڴͲ³
ף޳һЩ𣿡
һ˵ģʵ϶ȴϵˣУһʮӣƵطҲ򲻵ҪԱ齻׵ġ
ֻǣֵһЩѾǮ۵Աܻ᲻ˣԺǴĲԣһ£ԼԺúһЩţͦõġ


42 
һʮԪٶ
ⲻͬвͬĻش ڵ˵ϸĻӦÿٵĶ
ʳסС
סĻ طȻƾɣ϶Ϊû˾סµĻҳɨһӦǲģϾڻʹǽݶõĲϼʹõģҲܲȥ
УҲÿǣ ʹ˵ǸǳΣյĵط ûаٺã ˽֮ǰǲ³ç߳ȥ
Ȼ˵У Χ˶Ѫ֮ˣ ˻Ѫʹ˻ᣬ֪֮ ֣ ǽţ ǽͷϾͻ˧үŮΡ
Ƕ˵ ̫ʵˡ
ԣҪǽʳ
·Ļ
Աϸѡһ״Ʒ˯ҪõģضԱȣļ׼һһ£Ҫʮ顣
ǲĴޣûǸʱȥޣ˵ǣ͵ǰɡ
һۣһĽָԱҪǻվʮǮӦ򲻵ôġ
١
Ա˵
ֻû·Ҳһףֻǣ࣬ҪװҪ۸ڶʮǮڵģûС
ǱƼ˵ѡ򲼣֣ʱ䣬Լ
˵Ǵ޵ģԼ۱õģߣոջȥʮǮ
ôôۡԱЩȥˡ
ףֻһʮ顣Ҳôٰʲô취
ԱĬ
ʳûôȵȿûͳԵһҪʰ䣬裬һͰһƿҺһˮë
⼸ֻʮ顣
ŽʣµĶʮԪΪϵˮһһģ˵ףһƿˮһǮ֡
ˡ
Ȼô˵Ա鲢ûоܾ
ܲܰҰѴļ׺޲ϴˡٽ
ףô߰
Աǲá
æ俪ʼ
һΰ
ͷ
ڽ׹󣬹Ȼõļ׺޲ǸɸɾģҲ֪ʲôӵķȥȻůůζ
ŲٵĶ̤ʵ٣ߣӣʼʰҪ˯ķ䡣
ŲʰҪ
ûĽ񱣬Ҫʰס˵ͨ׼ҲҪʱ䣬ţӿ¿ʮüɣ̫ˡ
ɫ찵ʱ򣬿̫ûߡ
ԼһЩǮ
ףǲɵֵͲҲǺܹİԱеΪΨһ˿͵̸еż
ûѡĶǺͭɫǻʹֵͲһˣνͣѾһεˣǷǳϧġ
˵ǱЩһͻһžſţܹܵļ۸
ȼ򣬷һߣأ
ֻû
Ȼͷʱֳˣ룬ͷһһƬҶӶûˡ
иоԺĻʳܻԽԽ
ԹְŴٲһ飬俴ȫһķ䣬վһᣬŽˮ˳ȥѶźãʼ̴
ȰѴʰãȥʱ򣬸о˶Щ̱ˡ
ˡ
Ȼûһֱ˯ˡ
ٴѾӴµһ졣
𴲣ʼܶ
ʮ󣬹Ȼͷֻͷһˣһο롣
ƾɵԺȴѾˣȻûʫ黭⣬Ҳûк£ԱǸסĵطԣȫԳƵסĵطˡ
ɾá
ľһȵϣ⼸ϸ۲죬ȷߵǽǱ߱ſҪ΢ЩΪ˴·
ǵ̸ƺǻʹȻȫȷǾȵϵʱ򣬳ȥ
ףһ𣿡
俪ʵ
˵
ңľ飬ҵεһ۶Ƕ٣ʡ
ȷҪ֪
ԷĿӦò١
ȷ
ͷ
Ǿ飬ʵ̫ģֻ̫ˣſţҺûӡЩļоĲףڵľ飬Ҫ˵öࡣ
ͷʾΪҵԱľ겻ȷʵ˵ȥҲҵ̫ˣĻЩ˵Ҳ͸ӵЩͿ˰
ɣ˵ƽһ£ÿ¶ЩҺôҶáЦźͶԷ
һһǧɣµˮƽһҲͰ˾ʮӡ
áͷôԺͲٷڣԺ˶ǮҲۣܲͬ⣬С
ǾһģУУעģֻΪѡһ̫õʱѣȽԺˣУÿ˿ֻһλģҲúúϧ
Աʮؽ͵ϣҲسŵ
á
һ°˾ʮ࣬ʵϣܳȥĻѾ뵽ǮķˣȻϲͶѣɷǳʱڣֻ÷ǳֶˡ
˵ԱҪҵԼٲǮҲҪˡ
ֻһеĻᣬҲÿϧĵУ˭밡
ǣϣ䴩Ų̫Ȼİɫ·ǽţǿһʯͷµĶӳȥһʯͷãûжؽԴ˳ȥЩϲȻ档
Ҳô
ϵģҲߣȵڶ죬ʱ򣬳Žֵûˣ˳ȥ
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ǻϤľǣرʱ򣬿ϤĴţţڻؼҴô
ףһ£ʮǰľǡ
Ա鿪˵У㲻뿪ǣҲ뿪סĵط죬㽫»صʼֵĵط
⻰̾ʹ˸ղŵͷԺڿɸɾģѾסˣǲ³Կ࣬ҲûҪͷʰһ뷨
˵ġ
ȵУߵַַĸо
ôЩŬԼ˼룬ɷյԺֻһˣֹ¶пɲżԱ˵˵ܹŽġ
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˳ӣŵŨŨζӹֱУˮǲܿƵðˣȥ˼˰ɣŪǮ˵
ףҹﳵǸ˫۵Сӣˡ
õġ
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ܺãٲᱻԼİŻ
һҹģ൱ĵ̣ҪǣǵãҵǰģӴ˲ûΪĴŶòܵ佫ԲԲСó˹ȥҪ
ʲô
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һһȷ˼۸ԺֱӾ͵ʮ
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뿪Ժ󣬸Խһ͵˺Щ⣬мֵ
ףȰһĽˣ˻
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Եġ
Ц
ȻֱðŨŨζĵطٴһٺ˶ˬ
һ̫࣬ʹһֱͼӡ
ʱʱȥУʱعȥ
ԺžеԼգ˲٣رǶӣȻ˶סˣж涯
⼸ºһֱû٣
ǰĲӿɲΪ巢үⲻǻ˰ɣ
̾аܵʱ۾ЩΣѹЩθڴǣǰûϣڿӦһˣԶ
ڸô죿
˼磬ȥʳ붼ϴ˼
һֱʱ
žûпǹҩԱϵʳôţ˵ҩһ˶һʬ㡣
УǶı֪⼸նرʱ䲻ЩˣվһС
һʵ̫µˣҲҪһ飬ôţиҲ
ûв죬ԺܶҪԼʱĲ֪ȷĻǴģڶģʳƷȫбϵǰ£кܴĿܻʮֽı
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ԼԹһЩӣúܣϸ
ֻһˣʲô׼ʱܳԣ浽һ죬Ϊû̸ֱӿʼӵЩҺͽŵġ


43 
һʲô
ǱеػҪʹ࣬ Ҫºͽš
ʹʼʱͰһж׼ˣйص鼮 ܹžʹ٣̲ס鶼µ
ʹһ£µžָĸоϮǷǳܡ
ҺҽУ ʹˣҲԼ˶ ʱ鷳ˡ
ԣ ţûбѡ
ֻǡ
ף Ҫˣô
⣬ ͻȻԺûס˳
ˣ оͽˡ
ǰ Ա˵⻰ һǳĵģ ²ȥѰҲ֮ǰôսսֻڣŸʵĶӡ
ӻô
ʮ»̥²ŲģѪĸо棬ǻûмӣֲƺҲ衣
أ
Ա鷴ʡ
Ĭ׵ǻʵۣȻûļ䣬֪Բܳġ
ҪûĻܻų󣬹Ҳûжٿֵʱ⡣
ӣԣھԲ
ĺ鱦ɲǳġ
ǡ
䰴˵ϵھʱŬҪʱҧ֣ڣӳˣĿ᲻ᾪˣʱѾܲˡ
ѾļһϣҧһʰãԼߣһֱۣӽ硣
֪ǣ鲼ʵߵĻʹôƫԶԺûᣬ಻ԶĹ˼ŵģһӵϢسԺӡ
һʱ
ˣ
ʵЩ𾪣һˣ
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š
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Ȼˡ
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վԼĹѪ˵ʵ۲һ䣬ӵвʵĻȥĸӡ
ǡ
ٴʱȫ֪ԼҶӵĽ壬ţһߵĺӣ¶Цݡ
ԼģùȻÿ
ʵϣûôĺӣȫͺÿߡ
ǲˣóԺȣȻụ̂ŵġ
Ϻһ·ñӣ˵עڵΨһģǶഩЩԼ䵽ˮ¶໨Щˮ
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䵱ʼˡ
Цʹħ仰㲻٣һ£ڶڵǸʱ;ãȵͺá
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ڣҲĸαȥĶرںӻʱϸ⡣
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վ棬ŮʹĽйŮοĻԼ׼õ̫ҽػزͶĹˡ
֪ΪΣʵ۾뵽ǸһǰԽµŮˣ˵ʵڵģƺһҹƣڣѾǲԷĳˡ
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ڣǺӦһ˰ɡ
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ʵۻصԼĹУ˽֮ǰرһʡ
Է͹ڵϣʧְ
֪²ܹΪ˵ˣǺ彡ͲùˣȥŮ˺ͺӻ𣿡
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΢΢ЩڣϾԼѪи̣ûмﻹЩܵġ
ȥ˺ܿͻˡ
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ߣôܡ
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ǡ
Щȫ֪˺ӣ͸ӳʵ
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СЦһģֲϵҲ֪Ц㣬Цþ͸ӻˡ
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СظһõЦݡ
Ȼڼӵͷߵ£ĸ˳ȥʶæϡ
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ϡ
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ֻǣ뵽⺢ӵĵǻʵۣ˰ɡ
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ڱ˸ĴϿСϣ˰죬СˮתȦһҲûǰ˻ûûεЦš
ȻˮŮ˹Ȼһʮ˵һ޳ܣž֪꣬㣬׶ӱõûʪ͸ˣЦһֻ
·ʪˣֻܻȥˡ
ʵ뿪ʱʹ˽Сˣػʹ·ֻһʮ͵͵ȥСԺ
Ƥܻġ
Ӳʵ۾֪Ůֿʼˡ

ţ˼ˣ
Уﶼ˺üˡ
ʵ۾վԺǰţһһ²ۣȴʼû߽ȥǣ˵ʲô
ѵŮ˵жˣˣĵȥɣһչ˺õġ
Ҳ˵Ļ
Ȼ£֣ܰǵӺͶӣһİĿ⿴ô죿
µľǣؿŮһȴΪ
벻ףΪʲôŮ˵ڻЦóµظŶˣ
Ҫ֪ĸҲڵ̫΢һͷȵģͺ޲õһʱʵĸ̫ڻʵеĵλԴں󹬵Ȩ
ͨ˼ҵĸ׶𣿡
ʵãһߵһʮˡ
Էҡͷ²֪µĸףΪ˶ӣְӵġ
ʵĬ
һ죬վṳ̂СԺӣΪʵۣȴûˡ
úÿţʲô飬һҪ
ǡ
ϣڶ˯Ժճȥķ䣬ıӸǺãã뿪صԼķ䡣
ף𣿡
ڵġ
Ա̻ش
ʮ¼Ӱʣ׵̫ܳзˮӡڴϣ￪˵
´˵ˣһµһ˯ţڶҲ۾ˣӿ϶ᱻģԣǰ׼
õġ
õ˵ϸطźã¼ʣ˵
ݶİһһʮµĻһᣬϸ΢ĿΪ¾˸ڵӣſڱ޵ġ
һֽ˵˷ʱ򣬲Ժ˭ȥ
ڶ죬õЦݣҪúһʮҪΪȫϾҪ˵顣
ֻϧŬҪͶӶһЩֵӣʮԺо½ʮζҲʧȥ
ηŶˡ
𣿡ĵţ˵ȣˮö࣬ζкô
š
ΪķŶΣĽΣԣɵûдţˣһЩԺͿչˣһҲûʲô˵ġ
Ķ䶼һľװţϣû¼ͬڿʳļĸоڴϴ
òٵȥˣ򣬾ȥˡ
ʱΨһ뵽İ취ǽ񽻸
ǣڶһ磬ڱķ˵ҩŶ˯ȥŴһףô
Ư
Ա˵
ܲܰһæ
˵Աûаԥ
࣬ԷҹﳵǸ׹֡Ƶ˵
á
лл㡣
л
ܿ죬õ˵׹ƬսϸһһЦúǲãһ΢΢ЦŵģԴˣ⣬˵һŽӵǸľ档
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ӣоι̣Ϊ۾ѾЩ壬ԣٶȺ
ȥϣпܻȥұ¡
һʮ˵ͷ
ЩӣֻҪһпգվǽţĶĻӣҪеǰ취
ʵһͷЩţܿ뵽˶Է⣬й֣˲
ʱѾ˼ɲߵ̫ܹȥš
Ϊʵε֮һûеõ׼ȷϢɴЩӱɫܿó£ȴû뵽йӵġ
ȻҪڲԷ£µĹ
£ǻʺǱ𣿡ҪĻ¾ͲðˣУرǱߣе紵ݶᾪ󹬣ǰ
ˡ
ʵѾŮ˼ȥϢչ˺ô꣬ΪߵðģҲúչСģȻˣ͵øСһ˳ݡ
˱仰̫ܹܰˣùҪһ㣬Ǻɵġ
ű⣬Ըš
Ȼô
ףҷ֣ԡ֮ҵ۾ƺֻܿǳģӰˡ߸ǰ˺£ƺûôžߵٶȸǿڹꡣ
ﺦ£ԣϵظԱ˵
ӣԱ鶼ʮģ̾ͻĻ
ʵ۱µһʱ˻û̲סȥңɸ·̫ҵʱ򣬿һĻоĴûô۹
Ϊ飬ɼԺ󣬷֪ЩǲǿƵģ½ˣеܣǰҲûмٲ˵Խˡ
ǸŮˣɴ΢Цֻǣ˶ڵϣֺҵڵţҲ֪ʲô
ô£
ʵѹʵ
ϣū̫ҽҪȥ￴𣿡̫ܹС˵
ʵҡͷ̫ҽ
۾Ѿʧ΢Ϊҹӡ
̫ҽá
ʵۿŮ˶ڵϿѰңЩĳ嶯ǴݷＷģǻˣøȥǰûӰ
ǣǡ
̫ܹͷȥһ˵̶֣ϵĹӣСؿŵֱߡ
ʱĻϹ٫hЦ˹ڽеʣ
ڰĻ£Եø
죡
ʵһϹ٫h죬ŵؿǱߣĻӣԶʱȫ𾪺Ϳֻš


46 
ùã ôôˣ
Ϲ٫hһĻֻоδйܣ ǰڵ˫ֲŮˣԲùã϶ֻǺ͹ùóһģһŮˡ
ùһǸƫƧСԺ
һȥظк棬óԵġ
ԣ һûĶǴ جΣ ûѹԣ ֻҪѹͺˣȻ Լֱۡ
ֻǣʹϮ Խ۾Խ Խܡ
ʵ۾á
ǻΪʱûôŹ ˵ʲôǲǸǰ ҪԼôǱӣǾԲԸⱻ˿ġ
ǵҪô죿
Կ˵ĸ۾һգգؿŲԶС·΢ЦŮˣֻŶ֪롣
ȻʵԤϵıֵûг֡
ӵʱ۾һ¶õЦݣףҵ

Ա򵥵ػӦ
ӵĳֱ̣Ϊһ㣬Щҡεվùӵǰ漴½ŵĵطȷûΣյʱ򣬲ӡ
ף
ǰããһƬκﺦµòУҲҷԼӺ˼룬ֻһĵŶӣ޵ȥ˷һѡ
ͣ
Աæ
Ҳףʱ򣬲ܸκһĴȻпܻһӾͻǰƼǿʵѾԵŮˡ
Ǻǡ
߳ࡣ
ټԷôõЦʱʵۺϹ٫hоһ㿪ģʹöҪľˣΪʲôʱЦó
ô
ʵߵ̫ҽ
΢룬λĶҲˡǼѾʮּӲ̫ҽһĻ̲סݡ
ɶ񣡡
ʵܣһ˫۾ȴͣǸ߶Ůϣֻ֪Ҫܾͻ࣬ʱ˫ĿҲܿһ㡣
ùã
Ϲ٫hվǸӣֱӿŴ
ֻϧֻҪһУĻӦʱȴȫû˻߰ĽкɴϤ΢Цǰߡ
ùã
Ϲ٫h̲סҪܹȥʵһס֣Ҿȥ
ʣ
Ϲ٫hЩ벻ףùúֶûг͵ĵģΪʲôùûжˣһ㣬
ùñйء
Żʵ۵ȣؿ˳ҵĴҺʣɱҰɣ
˵Щʲôã
ʵ̲סŶӺô꣬ʧ̬ģˣĻȥ
ҲȥʣҲȥ
Ϲ٫ḩͷŻʵۡ
ұ죬ˣ˻ûˣʲôɥʵ˵Ӳá
Ҳޡ
Ϲ٫h̾סͣȪһӿסû߱ˮģˣֱĨ
Щȫ֪
Ҳ֪˶ãоЩˣͣ½ŲȺǲŵؼŹӣӻһس
ŮˣʲôʱˣԵȥ
ףôûζ
꣬뵽һֿܣҲﲻ΢Ц˲ήĻ䣬һӾʧȥ˸ղŵ
ôˣ
Ӳó
ʵ۽ŵʵԭȣΪŮ˻ǰ㣬¶£ֻţ飬֮ǰôǿһЩ
ֻϧǶԷɫʹеڴһ㣬ûᣬˡ
Ϲ٫hҲ̫ҽ
۾ʧʧϣ΢µûζҲʧ
̫ҽʮֳء
ԸʲôڼԵ䣬ʵĺȥӶ
мǲԣܡ
⻰䣬ޱʯͷһ㣬һȥȻɴ۾Ѫˡ
ͬʱ˵ĳ̶ȾͿԿóĵĻš

̫ҽڡ
ҪͬʱӵѪ
˭һһѪ
ֻǣȴʮֵشӻͳëסȻųţǷǳӦ̫ҽĻѪѣС
ףͣ
Աַһ֣һظЦ
ʱ򣬹˿ͲҪͬӲøͬܵᣬʹʱ򣬸ҪŬֻϵ̬
ԱŬõģģЦһ
ڼ䣬Դײ
ʵ۾һҪЩҪڵ
˹ҪǷӦ죬пܾͱˡ
ʣǺ˰ɡ
ʵ
Σȫûгʱĸɾ࣬ȻӣؤĵزҲòȥ
ѪȻëסǵ˲·ϣټһ·ܸɾŹ֡
ףҿŲסˣʹ
ڣѾֻϿʳʹĵڹ⣬ĴĹͷ
ףͣеģ뱦ʱ򣬿ɲܵ¡
Աࡣ
ǣĺʹ
ҧ촽ԼʹҲŬΪ£һڣһᣬʣʧ
ʱ˵ǽѡ
ҪǾôˣô죿
ܼ尾ʵۺϹ٫hҲòȥۿźܿҪطˣȴԷֱͣ촽ҧˣܼʹࡣ
ģ
ΣûȻʵʻ̫ҽͿ˵ϣλһɡ
˵ʲôùòġ
Ϲ٫h̫ҽ
ֻĻոճڣֱŻһѪȾëûóǰһƬѪףҿڵϹ𣿡
ʵԱģֻʱ䣬ĿҪʹûˣҪһָôɣԱѵѡ
Եģһӡ
á
ŵҼʱලң
Ȼ˾ǲ֪ʹһ㣬ֱӵ˵ϣһţŶصشȴҲûз
ϡ
̫ҽȥˣڵϡ
˵һ·̫๬Ůۿ
ʡ
Ϲ٫hôܵùãԼʵ˼ϣʴӦϣԷܾ
ʵȴĬ
˵ڳ˭˽䣬ǵһģŮʱ򣬶ûзڼ֣ôǲܻʥּĿġ
ǸŮˣһߵĹġ
ףһӵˡ
ô죡
ʵϹţʹûм٣ٱʹǰҪһЩ
ͣ
ðɣץסĹӣ̫ʹˣ嶼ڳ鴤ѾǳЭǽǰŲŽŲûʧ֮ǰ̫˵һֱŶߣܵʵ۵ĹҲ֪߹ûУ
ףҪҺ
ڻ˵ҪȻư͵Ļֿ˵»ʵǰҲûа취
Ա鲢ܿҲôãúҲ
ҽɡ
Ҿÿԡ
Ҫ˻ȥ
Ѫëӵͳһɾ˲һҵͷ·ڱ߽Ǵ˼¡
òʱ򣬲ϰԵתͷ鿴ܣԺʶ۾ֻװƷɣϣϲᱻŵ
Сؿڣϣ
ᡣ
ʵһͷһѾãʱ򱻽еһ˲ĻźͲ֪롣
Щϣ
ףҲߴ˰ɣôһ㶯ҲûС
Щģ˵»ʵ۲ʹ֮УӦòٰôؽлϣһ˰ɡ
ףˣжܲ𣿡
Ŷ
Щ˼ûӦϹҪô죿

Ա齨
᲻ᱻְȲ˵ʲôò̫ɾϣ;СǣڵĴˣֻҪܴﵽĿģֶԲҪˡ
ʣùڽ㡣
Ϲ٫hЩܣ֪ùҸΪʲô顣
ʵǰھԼԶλͣ£һ˽شŮˣ˵ʵڵģĳ࣬ںл˵ƯοǱ
ֻǣоŮ˱Ů˶Ưĸ
ϡ
һ߽ţһ߻˫֣ùӣ±ɴ˿ֱ̣ӱĨ˲ӡ
ôľ룬ʵۿʹϵǰȴȫ˷գ̧ƹȥ˶Էǰ棬ҸһЩ
ףж
ϣһӾˣʵأоܲôˣôȷ϶Էǲǻʵۣ
ԱҲû취ˡ
ץŲϣüͷ˼
ʵ۳ĬؿŮϵı飬ͿԿʲôҲ֪ԷҪô
ʣ
ūסϹ٫hŻʵ۵ŷŭ̫ˣûùôֱڹùõдֲܸ
ʵ۲Ϊ
Ůʣ²ӣҪڶ˽ԷһЩ
Ӿ㲻ϴڱƼ˵ʱҲܱŵģرӿת£ǣһǳ߳ܵķӡ
Ϊ˶ӣ£ֻ֣һ㣬ʲôϵأ
ô룬뵽ľٶ仹ҹһ
Ŷ壬ǰ֮˵˫ȣţϵļ⣬ӦòŮˡ
һ·ϡ
Ȼ˶Էƨɵλá
ʵ۵ıǹŹ֣˵Ҳɴ۾
Ȼ󣬸𾪵鷢ˡ
ٵһк͵ңлʵ۵
ڳˣʵ۶粻ʵ˭Ķĸо
Ϊ׵䣬ȴ˲õЦݣãһӾҵ˻ʵۡ
ûõľô޳ܵķӣ㣬ɫѾˣʱںɳ˾ֻлϣڻӣѾˡ
Ȼôùʱ򣬻ӣԣҲûбķӡ
˺Ů˺ܺ𣬿˺̫֮䣬ҪֳӲãֻ뵽ôһЧķӣţЩۡ
Ц뵽͵Ϯǻʵۣæ֣δԷˣ߰߿漴رŶԷСȣϣҪ˵
Ů˹Ȼ󵨡
ܵʵ۵ˣתþͱͨҪ죬֮󣬾׶Է뷨Щ־֮С
ǺǣֻƵķӣҲֻõЦͬʱЩۣô˲ķӡ
ɹܲô࣬׼õĻһµȫ˵˳
ϣңĺܹɣģҾͿҪˣ㣬չһ𣿡
ʵ۶Ļ⣬ĿģΪй
Ϲ٫hܣȴҲ⣬ùôõĸףôܻ֮ǰֵԺźãˣüֵġ
ֻҪùܹúûţԸûùãûôůҲУϾģůܺúõػš
ùȴҪôĥ
ʵԭΪҪֲ˵ѣȴû뵽ôɣȻͿԷ˶̱˵ϣȫûκθоý˵
ղôĶԼûзʵĴҲʧˣһֻŲܴʧôǧŵõĻᣬ˵Ļ
ûӿԻˣһֱĸΪҪͻȻ뿪ˣ϶ѹģţָܻܿġ
ƭˣҪôõĸ϶һӶǵģϹ٫hţûϵùãҲһֱġ
䣬䡣
ʵЩţǰ֣ԷȴһоҲûУ߶ı˵ɣТ˳һϲġ
΢΢Ӵˡ
ϡ
̫ҽǰѾµһЩ𾪲ѣؿǰŮˣ΢ĻҪأĴҲʧȥˡ
Ů˵߶̫ҽ̾ĸĺΰ
ϻôʲôɾҽΡ
ʵŭʱҪסԷ̫ͣҽ˵ЩõĻͻûһ㡣
΢ܡ
̫ҽֱӹ
㡣
ʵ۶֪˵ʲôˡ
ϣ΢Ǿ仰ܼʹ࣬ǽѡ
죡˵Ļ𣿡ϴغ
̫ҽĬ
ʵܵԸӣֺڵòУܶעЩ᲻ܿŶȢϱ
ô᲻СΪʲô飬ƫƫͷϡ
ΪʵۣʵӦ뷨˾ԼģЩڹˣԼûбµģԹˡ
ڣȴã˶Ů˼Ĳƽ
ϣ㣬չ˱𣿡
Ķ
ãġ
ʵ۶˵ֻϧԷѾˣֿʼ˵ű飬俴˵Խ࣬˵ԽãʵԺԱĹעԽࡣ
ҲûñȥȨֻƽƽسǿԵĻϣܹһĹϵΪһ׵Ĺġ
»ʵ۶ɣֲ
ʱ򣬻ʵ۲ͻȻʶһǳص⣬棬˸޷Ӧ˶Էе飬Ůɲ֪
ǲζţվûа취Ůߵðġ
޲ʲôӣһҪ취ָܹĳ̶ȣȻź뿪Ҳ׼һȥɡ


47 
ڻ⻰ ̫ҽ⣬ֱ΢ܡ
㡣
ʵĺһǰ̫ҽ Ȼʱ;ҵҵ̫ҽԺְҽ߳ȴӲκεǰһֱΪε̫ҽסˡ
а취һ𣿡
ϿĶͷڲϵð亹˵Ϊڳܾ޴ʹòѣЭؿڡ
΢ܡ
̫ҽĸ֣ѹģ ǽѡ
ʣô죿
Ϲ٫hվһߣ Щǰ ֪ùÿ Щ
ϣūžã Ȱعúõʰһ
̫ܹܽ
ʵ۵ͷ
Էǰȴʵ۾ܾˣ ԱŻ۵ ԼĹ ڼ䣬 ΪһѪֱȾۡ
ʵҲûа˷ſ
һѪķеľ˶˻ԡ
һߣ۾ʱ򣬻ɻ𴲣ô˯ˣ
ӡ
ڴǰһʮ˷һʶʵ˭
ӵĳƺǲ⣬ϾѾˣסڻʹʵԶ׼ģƾǻ˵ģ䣬ܲܳĺɡ
ʵϣ֪ʱĻ²˽ʱ˵񲻺ãôãȻϣҲԼʲôģȫ䲻òã
ʲô񰡣
ȻֶžãóۣܳôÿȫΪҪĻƵó
ʱʵЩʱĺܹһ٣ʲôӰ
ǻϵ
һʮ˿˵
ϣЩɻͿʵأ
Ӹߡһʮ˲ûлش⡣
ᣬ´ȥԼǣܱԺӣûмӰһΣ۾ȴҲ
˻ŵòУöûеõӦ
Ķ
ܺ¡
ӣߡ
ҲߣҪ˵ֺܲõԤУŵ
ֱڵϵӣһʮЩ֪ôˣ
ʵ۽ӵϢͷʹѵĸ𣿿ԵŮˣȥһˡ
һΣûĵģǴŻʵ۵һ𣬶󹬵ŮˣŻϵɫûѡʱܵǰȥùͷ
кЩ﷢ţһݵµĹŮĶӣõôôӣѲɻĻӱȼ硣
СԺӵŸˣȴǵһο򿪣
гڣЦݽϣ
Сߡ
˭ҲߣҪ񲢲ʶǰˣڵҲöûеȵ͸ˡ

⻰ˮգؿŶԷƭˣҵͲӡ
뵽Ƿʵۻ̲סǳ鴤㿴·ֻǻϲܴģ㻹𣿡
Ȼ
һ𳤴ıԻ·ҲЩ⣬ĻԺ˾͸СڵһʵۻΪҪһеӵϾĸҲô
ǣʵſ˫ۡ
ҲȷʵһӾ˶ԷĻȻܵӵûУСȭͷֱӳŻʵ۵þȫȥ˵ǲǰҵɱˣҳӣҪƭңҵ𡣡
ɵˣǻʵԸЩˣȻԷĻ󣬿ЦõͬʱøϽֹε
⺢ӣʲô߰ĶôͳҳˣʮڵĻʵۺòã
ˡ
ǰװˣСЩۣһֱһֽӵֻס׵ôôˮƽʲôû𣿡
Щɣĵϣأ
ʵȴ֪ͬôش
öӿôʹ࣬ܳܵס
˵ʵڵģôһˣһ뵽ĳ棬ò̵úܡ
ûȥ﷿俴ûиʲô
ʵ۾תƻ⣬⣬˵
䣬ֱӴӻʵ۵ϻ䣬һ̵ܵķ䣬һ۾Ϳ˶˶طڴϵĺӣȻȴһֻֽб֣˼Բˡ
˿ӲóһɵԿףǰģǧŪˣ׼򿪵ʱľӱʵֱߡ
ʲô
߰ɣߡ
ʵ۽ȴӣҶ
뿪СԺӵʱ򣬷Ը̫ܹܣû޵˭Ҳ
ǡ
ʹܴ󣬱һֱ֪һ·ԭеĻҪ
ҵ
⻹м𣿡
ʵ۷ʡ
ڵ޹Ҳǻʵ۵ϣϹ٫hڴߣứùãҴˣҰɣҲü֣Ȼ͸ǵĵ¶ġ
Ϲ٫hһ߿ޣһС˵š
ûҪģֻҲҪһء
ԽԽġ
ҵĴֻҪܹúõģҷģԺҲˣҲˣӦҺòã
ֻϧŵˣһ㶯ûС
ùã㲻ĶԲԣǲǣô۰֣ôöһˣ
ûκηӦ
ҺܺڣҪҲù㣬˵ʲô鶼ûУòãˣ۾òã
Ϲ٫hץ֣޵˺ѷΡ
Ҳ֪˶ã˵˶ٻںֱſڴ߾˯ˡ
ʵۺò׽񰲶ڸڵĹ󣬾ūŵСĵĻһֲ©Ķ䣬üȴûҪ뷨
ĸӲһʵСĵΪһӸģԼҲˡ
ǰڴ߷
һ˯һһҹٴʱ򣬡Ա飬𣿡
ûС
ҳɹ𣿡ܺܰǰһƬףǣоԼĴˣЩţ仹ԼҶӡ
֪
ô죿ʡ
֪
Ա룬Ҫԣ㻹ܲ˵ҪܵĻ˵ģҸоǰϵӦǻʵۡ
⻰侫һ
ѾûжľȥԱΪʲôĸоӲȥƭģˣʱҲԸʵˡ
Լءһ£о񶯣Щȷ˵Ӧܷİɣ
۰ᵽ޹Ļʵһ˹ȥ⣬ֱӻش𣬡ܵġ
˵Ժ뵽Է
ϣĺܹԡ
Ҳܣֱӿʼһֵ߶һϲġ

ŶԷСȭͷɲôΪ
ֻϣܹƽƽسȻȢһԼϲĹĵعһӡ
ûϢ
Ȼֻҵ뷨ԺʲôĻϣ֧ģǸТ˳ĺӣ治ǾԲġ
ʵ۳Ĭ⻰ǿͬ
뵽˵ûĻô̫簮ԵʣҪȥѧã߽ѧϣϲҪżϻܶģԲǱҸˡ
֪֮
ҲԼ뷨ʵ֪ǸŸһ𳤴ӼǿҪԺϾܽѵ
һģʵΪŮ˻ͦģֻǣϾͱ
Ϊ뵽ʵ۽ѵ˻᲻˰ӣ߶úӹϼʱ㣬ȫǰϷӡ󣬿˱򣬷һҲۡ
ҪЩԼҵıһ룬ˮտĻʹĮӲʯ壬Լҵıô¶عôһ룬۵òС
ǲҪ̫ͷϽˣ壬ҲӰ캢ӵĹͷûϢûϢǻӣ룬ǻ㣬ҲܻŻ߶ŵġ
ĸܶ
ʵ֪˵ôһ䡣
ϣһμ𣿡һԴԺ󣬾Ϳʼ¼Է˵ĹԱмһλʵ
ǡ
ȻԱʼܱʼ顣
Щ䶼֪Ѿ˱ϷЩӵı뵽ƺһֱӱ׵ûֲ
ͷҲ̫أӵеúܣˣΪһӵӰпܻյģһЩҪ֪ô˵ΪãΪ
ʵѾӣںòãӵʱͬڵĻǣȻ
ǻʵۺʲô黹ÿǱ˵ĸ
У˭ҵĶôһ仰Ծգ
²ô࣬ȻһףΪʲôôϲĻǰ߶ˣŮǵġ
䲻֪뷨˵ӳˣľǿòҪ˵˵ȢϲĹûжӣҲҪȢСģڽӴжӵҸҪ

⻰޹еˣ̫ࣩͬ
󣬻ԱȥˣףˣԺܼˣҾӦǣñÿĿ֡
Ŷ
֪棬ټʹѾЩˣЩԶˡ
ʵ۶Щ֪ô˵Ůˡ
Ȼ󣬶ԷͿʼѪΪܶѪȪƵĴð
ūŸϽǰʵۿôѪɫѿúܡ
ƫƫʱҲ֪ЩūʲôԵģȻñ˽
þûмµ˯ԳĻʵţجرڵڶСhʱ
ŶԷ׵۾Ϊʲôǲ˵ûмͬ˵ˣÿֻҪᵽСhͲҿ۾
ǳˡ
ԣ˻ʵ۵רƣζС̫࣬·סͻȻԲѵϢΪͷ˻ʵ۵޹
ȻͿһӶ˵һĻ
ں˲䱻˱һ㣬ô̹ǣȴ˿ˡ
񣬱񡣡
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ΨﲻϵŶӵ֣֧ȥ
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ؽеȻֱӳ˹ȥôѪ˶Щѣôˣ
֣³ѪҪٺȻȥ˵˵Ѫ޵ģˣͻģ㲻ҪңҺ°ĺܺ£㲻Ҫˡ
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ʵ۽ӱֵѪҲʹ
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˵ģͷŲ㣬ú˵òãʵ۷ǳغȻҪֵعһӣô¶黹ǲҪ
ǻŮ˱ġ
ҲҪ
Žе㲻ǻʵ𣿲𣿿취ﰡҲҪ
ʵûش⡣
Ҫôôỹš
Ҫñ֪ҽҪˣܲ˵ģҪ֪ΪжģҲڳУտʼЩӦʹ߲֪ôͻദΪֹðһҪƵ˵
첻ޣȴú
ǰ컹úõģôҪˣΪʲôж̫ˣ۾ǲҲˣ
š
ˣʵ۳˵ͷĲ֪˵ʲôá
ʱһþͻõģ˯߱ӣÿ϶Ҫ˯Ժ󣬰һαӣϲǺ«ͿܸԵ̫ƵģʮһξС
Ƶ߶
øȱţ̻߶̫ϲ߲ˣԸɲӣ߰ɽӣ˰ҲУ֮ÿ춼֤һ߲ˡ
ҳԲˣҲ͵͵ذţ̺ͶˣһСԺӺòá
ץ֣ҪǸƫԶСԺҲҪҲҪӣҲҪסֻҪǻؼҺòã
û֪ġ
ʵ۵Щơ
ҲҪԣʱҪرע⣬ʱ·رʱҪˣҪһЩĸãʱҲôʳǲԸȿҩԸ׼һǺ«
ҲҪǺ«
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ĻҪ˵Աȴʱʮּٵ˵棬棬ףֻʣһӵʱˣпˣʲô˵
Щˡ
ϣչ˺ñ񡣡
ġ
ֿʼظ֮ǰĻʵֲõԤУ̫ҽԷͷһĶȥ
ϣһҪñ񣬲Ҫ
ġ
¶ԷʵۻǱ֤
һӵʱ䣬ͦģǣ״̬Ƕ̵òٶˣ˵̫֪࣬ô졣
ֻǼеؽű֡
㲻Ҫң
ֱţ޵ǽһ
Ҫúõģ֪𣿱£˵Ժ㻹ܼġһ̣ǵľֻбһˣ֪ߣǵǰĶǵãҪÿ춼ĵİ
Ѿ޵û˵ˡ
Ҫĵİ
þȫôһ󣬾ҲûϢ

ûһѪɫ
ʵƲŬ
վϹ٫hֱӶ˵ϣӿùű˵ùã㰲ȥɣһúչ˱ġ
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
һûнֱ꣬Ӿ͵˴ϣ棬Ϲ٫hҲͬһʱ̸ŵ¡
˫ؿջȷ˯ˣΪʲôвѣҲ֪ԭЩĵͱڷ
ʱ򣬴ϵ˶
ǵãÿ춼Ҫĵİ
Ҫĵİ
ϤϤĻ޵ľͲᣬһǰٴθǰ᲻ӿ
ƭˣЩ飬ʱپãǣľҲΪʱŶᡣ

־شС


48 
˯ 鵱ֳã žʹûسǣһ俴Ҳǲ˸ŵġ
Ҫ𣿡
鿴Ԫ껵ĿһֱԼã ǰһ סߣһߵı
Ԫӣ˼
ҵȻҪš
Ԫ껵ͷ
߰ɡ鿴ó СӵĸܺãȻ ҲΪǰ¶ݵġ
سǣȥջ䣬򵥵ؽԼϵ˿ڴãֻ·ȥ
ȥˣ
üͬ˵飬 ǹң ҹ棬 ǵá
ǻб𣿡
ٴҡͷ Ǹɵӣ ܶʲô¡
Ĭ
飬 㲻ʲôҰɣˣЩɵ˵
Ҫĳˣ һ ýһɵҲǶ˵þǽ̫ˣؼңѾڿջЪˡ
壬ƽ￴ɵɵģؼʱͦġ
ģ
Ҫȥ齨
á͵ͷûǿһ۱ȽϰģǵӣҪʲô飬Ҳܰæ
޷ֻܰؿջȷúõģ˯ҲȷʵŵķˣҲû
ߵʱ룬˵һؼҸ˵һ˵ڵЪţ컹档
ͷ
һϸϻسǣ˯ڵҪʲô飬һҪǵ֪𣿡ֶŮسǣ治ĵģţһĻ˵һҪʲô飬ӾڸڽϣܹҲ졣
һεͷ
룬ûʲôˣżҴҵ뿪
ô˵
ʱ
˯ˡЩģΪʲôвѣҲ֪
˼һ˵ǵõģй飬ϸϸظ˵һ顣
̣˼ǣ
һӾ
һ߳ĬŵԪкöʣѾ˺ö꣬ôֻسǰƺȵһμʱҪᣬǲܵ鰡
ҲȷֿܡǴǶõ飬Ҳûʲôա
˵
飬һûǣûж֮ǰֶ࿪ģӾжѹһ˵͵˰ҹ
뿪ʱһֱţҪҿĵģѾŬˣÿֻҪ뵽ͻܵúܡ
ľ˶
Ԫ껱Ϊûˣ񣬻ǻ۵
Ĭ˺þ֮
ſ˵Ҳ˵жԺ֪Ѿ֪ˡ
š
ͷ
ھ͸ҽЩȻϣģԸҵĲ²ûҪ֪ؿܿ࣬ȥܵġ룬ֱ˵
á
ǰһõѾˣЩ˵ʹ಻ѾȥˣҪǣߡ
У̵˼Ҳףôʹʱ򣬶ԼѺ鰲źã϶ǻȫġ
˵һ˵顣ֶʹÿ˶ɡ
š
ͷ
ѹʱѾʰã˺ÿױݣ˯һ㣬СhҲεˣ̫ҽͬжˣǺһģһġ
ü
̫ҽҽտһʱ䣬ϵĶɾˡ񿪿˵
أڹû𣿡ʡ
¶΢ЦֻǣЦ͸űˣãʱ򣬸飬λʹҵƺһӾͱòһˣʶң˵ǧ˳ͷ꣬СhҲӦʹҲңûĶͦõġ
ͣһ£ǿԣԸһУ
ԪӣǸʱةձӻؼҵӣԪӾ֮ǰҺǸؤ
üͷøԪ껣һ˿ɱ⣬ǲһ۾ϳ
Ԫ˼ȴûѡ˵ѣͷĳಢûб䣬ЦݺҲǣ¾òܣһ۾ܿͬһˡ
ϵָ֣ⲻͣû棬һ۾ͽϳôʵۣĻǣԺ󣬻᲻óͬĽۣ
ᣬ϶ġ
⣬Ԫ껶κεĽҡ
ػʹˡɫЩס
Ƕȥġ
Ԫ껲
Ҳ˼Ȳ˵ʵ۵ٿԵõĵˣǺ󹬼ǧ䲻ԼҵãУԸҲӦĻʹ
Ȼڻʹ˽ʮ꣬ȴһҲûҪٻȨλûκϮӲذѶֱӾ͹ӡ
ֻǣΪʵ۵Ķӣһֱع𣿡鷴ʡ
ҡͷü̫ܳƺҲá
һ£ʿ϶ͻҵģСhҲǡ룬Ҫֱ˰ɡ
һӾ˼
һܳĻˣȲ˵۶޹ˣ޷죬¶˿𣿾ϺĻӵ׷𣿡
ñòС
Ҫǣթ鱻ƿ˵Ҳôһ룬ñ֮ǰͽľٶʵ޴úܡ
Ȼ뵽һоȻý̵ģЩЦá
ô죿
ʡ
ôҲûʲôãԺ˵ɡʵӱĻʵ۶ĸδؾ鰮˽ĸжˡ
ţпܣʵ֮ǰѹͲ֪ĸʲô
ǳпܣÿĸ׶ΰģ˽ģοȨҵĵطܻûֽ
ǣʵ˭ԵĴʣŮˣܼ޸
ʵϣ⣬ĵġ
ˣһֱû㣬Ϊʲôʡ
ɽˮ˳Сh飬顣
Ц˵뵽죬̫ȣںӱ׼ϴͿԶֱӵ˺ΣҲƿߣˣҲ
ȻԽԽסûסץסһܾʱıͼһģһһҲ̫ˣ˾˹ȥ
ãʱﻹڣȻú
ʲô£Ԫʡ
鿴һۣǳĮһˣӦǲµġ
СhõϢ̫̫ٽӴ˴˫ȥĴֱӾͲˣȻأСhǲ鵽һЩ˫еĶҩŵķҶУλ̫̫δ֮ǰǷҵĹ
Ӱ죬ȨټϻʵۺĻӵȫλЩ꣬˶͹Ͻܴ֮⣬ĻıƣȫСףͲǸӡ
ʲôĶҩ
оԪ껵ĺôϨúǼ٣⣬ȴûбֳǿʵ
˵ɲӵĶҩ
⻰Ц۽ȴڹ۲Ԫ껵ı飬ºϸ΢ǲˣ֮£ʱôɺϣ˵λҩɲӵˣӦþ

ҲЩȣҲ̫˰ɣԣô˵ĻûĴε⣬ԼҲǳ飬̣Ǵǿҩ̵ģ
ǿҩ̡ͷоųɿȷˡ
֪¶֮˭
Ԫ껿˵Щ
Ԫӣû°ɣЩĵʵ
ԪҡͷҲ֪ԼñֵôУһĻǲһ㣬÷ǳҡ
˵Ҫ𣿡ʡ
Ԫصͷ
̣͸ɣԪǺˡԼҺֵ˵
﷭ۣȻý̳ĶӣʱͷۣҲȷˣҩķϣȻ򵥡
ةҵĹӺʲôϵϸ˵ĳ࣬һףȴû˵ֻҪвļˣһ¶ǲµġ
˱ҲǴΨһţϡ
ھؼҴ壿Ԫ껽ʡ
š
ǱشģԪӣżҸҵλû
Сڣлл㡣
Ԫĵظл
ǺЦе˵꣬һ߻һ˵ؼҴ·ܺңǽĵطһֱߡ
֪ˡ
õһĿȻĵͼԪ껾ֱ뿪ˡ
ҴûмԪôڴߣ˯˵
ҲĴġ
˵ôһ䣬ԪΪʲôᱻ׷ɱ
ȵȡ
ͻȻһ˿⣬˵Ǳ˵ģ
ǰ˵һҹ֮䣬˺üٿˣѪɺӡ񿪿˵Һڹֵʱ˵ģûۿ
֮ǰ֮Ԫ껵ģ
ةƫԶСسǣ˵ѵһĺùٰŻڣֱӵȵȣûһ䲻õĻ
иӵһ۵㡣
֮󡣡
Ӧ̣˼ǣ
ͷȻ˵˵û֪̫࣬ãĵԼͺá
š
Щ𾪣ȴܿ׿ˣԪʲôݲҪ֮ĸľУʲôʱѹ
˰ӣŴԴߣ£š
һȣʱ
ϤϤѹŵļʹ࣬һģһֱӾͽҲǸľʱ̡
ѣ㣬Ҫ۾Ұ
ű˲棬ħһ㣬̾һ裬ȻһҲõϡ
𣿡
£Ŷѣٿ˿ڴϲͣ˵Եȫʹ
ûѵĻٸһ
ˣѣˡæͷ
ҹƣúܿͻѣǵҸղ˵Ļ֪𣿡˵ĻȷԼĲ²⣬һ룬һʮ꣬ôʹȥһʱƻѲҪǧܱȥˣȻÿܻġ
ɫһףֽϵĲˮĨصͷ̣֪ôˡ
ԣļǿʱôʹ࣬Ǿ˰궼ʹ̣οǶڲŸոշ˵
ʵҲȷʵ˵
Ѿص˴ϵֻǣʱʹȱʧ궼ʹ಻ѣ޷ѡ
ףˣףˡ
Ա鲻ϵ˵
ȥˣֿʹƺɻڡ
۾ף۾ûˡ
Աʹ
Ŭ
ϵ䣬ֹͣˣʹıҲûˣһǱһ㣬ࡣ

ŵؽе
룬֣һ½һ£أԴ
״Ҳץ֣š
ţ
طôһоʹе۾ȴףô£
Աͣ˿ͣҪͣ
ҿûˡ
ҧҲ
˿ͣ۾ܿˣܿˣǡ

⻰ȻãһУ۾
΢Ĺߣ񳤴ԼĶ㣬Ļˣ
񡣡
ЦŽеû°ɣ
㡣
š򵥵Ļش𣬺þûˣãڲŸһ


49 
ûã ˼ɱ𣿶ܱΣξΰɣ 㻹ܽ˯ţãֱ츳
Ķ գۣ գۣĻˡ
ûף ĻˡԱæ϶Ĵ𸴣ڲ֮ǰ ʱ쵼Ϊ̲Сʱ
Ȼ쵼ҹ˿εľţͳʸ֮ġ
ΪΥԱ Ҫ˿ͣ ˿ϵۣ ǵˣ ȻԼҹ˿ڵôң ֱǲˡ
Ҫ쵼壬 ƾҪʧȥݹٵĹˡ
 Ҫдһƪϳʮֵķʡ顣
ԱʵЩµģ ЩίȻǰеʱȷʵֽţɺ˿ôңһϵҲûа
쵼쵼壬Ҳܷ
ʹ˼ʹ£ԱؽԺΧ֮ڣù˿͹Ҹֵϴˢγĳ衣
Щ䶼̧֪ۣ飬ӦʮֳٶۣעصƫԶ㣬㾹ȻҲ̾
һ㶣ȻȻǲܰճƲԼõģʣ𣿡
ǳ棡
ɴ۾˵
ηӦϴθһЩͿԼϿʼæҡͷʮΥĵϴ棬һҲ档
˵ԼòĴ
֮ǰΪһʮܾ꣬ĥпܻڿ鶼ûУ˵ʱȫԥһûС
Ȼô²ۣ΢΢ǣͿԸоĺ飬Ҳͦõģ
˾
ûѡæҡͷƤ˵һ˯
ʱܲˡ
ѵ
ŶԼ֣գоĺã̧ͷ۰ͰͳԼı񣬺֣һӾͳôһǲ̫Ӧ
ˣ
ϲؿڣðɣж̵棬ҲӦˡ
ǰ¶õЦݡ
˼֮ǰĻǴӻʹɵ·;̫ңԶҲпײʲôŻǵģںˣﶼˣ˵ɣʲôԸ
ϤЦݣôãôůҲѿ죬ĺߣ˾ͺãТ˳ĺǲӦôԼġ
ȣԻ
ãǾͳԻ
俴ŶôţǰŬõģĶӣÿЦݣ⣬ůһ֪ЩûôԿίţο
ʲôˣһȥ򡣡
õģ
ĸţһĲ࣬ˮҪģһߵһθ̾󰡣ȣͳԻбȻϵ𣿡
ʵ񳤵øֻǣǲõЦݣ飬ʶƣˣתͷԼЦһ׳հɣﻹ˼¶ͬɫ
оһ򵭶Щˡ
㣬ѵ֪죬Իɣ䤱ĸоǳˬ𣿡䷴ʡ
һ߲ͣصͷ
ȫá
ʲô߼Ӧö𣿺䤱ʲôˬģΪȻЩңȴûϱŮǿˣоЩⲻˡ
ϻ𣿡
ͬʱ֣һȫӣϻʱ˵
ʮǷģúܡ
Ȼ´һŶ㣬һǣԼҶӣܲȥˡ
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غһۣȻʮ꾭ɵһˣߵߵظˣڼ仹Ķӡ
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߽ӣŹǷ壬УЦе˵壬һҹҺ㰡
Ҳ䣡
ԱЦ䣬Ļǽһůͣ治ϵĵҹ˯ţֶŮϲѹֵҪĸα
뵽ͺĽԼҶˣŮҲҪһҪԺԼҵı飬׽һЩ
壬ϺͶѧһˣȥҳԣһ˾ȥʳģ緹ɣԼ塣
ʮֵ꣬ʱҲСhˣôļˣҪúõһ
ǳͷģǿ򶫼ңΪѵ˵䣬ҪͬС
ˣĻˡ
鿴Լ壬ǵվǵͷ첻ˡ
һ仰˶Ц۾
һߣԪ껿ٵظϵؼҴ壬յͼָҵһƾɵСԺӣվſڣЩҽȥôЩ꣬Ҿס
Сƣ
ϢسԺ
ڴϵķڵһʱ۾ţЩվҵ
Ӵóһѳ˳ȥ
¹ⲢЩǰĺڰԺеˣһվ̨ϣһվԺĿؿŶԷãԪȿڡ
Щѹż߸硣
Сţ
ϵɴ۾ǰӣȷؽе
Ұ߸硣
ԪֱӵͷۿЩʪȴûеᡣ
㻹ţ֮󣬾ǾϲʹܵǰϸؿţȷʵСţȻһѾͽסȷʵڵġ
š
үү̣д磬Ƕˣֻһ˻ţ죬Һܣүүͷá
⻰ޱȣǷҵĺӣûõģĺ٣ǰÿ£ڣ򣬶ûлᡣ
ҹҺ綼ЩˣҾҴڻȥŪԵġ
ȥԪһʹ࣬Ҫǵһ𣬿Ͳˡ
ӵĲóԣϲǼҾ¥ĿѼǾ͵͵˳ȥֻǣҽ˾¥ˣڵط˻ȥʱ򣬼˶ˣҺŵūš
һϣ˵جΡ
ȥ˵
ϴԼķ䣬ɫЩףһˮʵϣҲܣطϲù󣬸Ǳʹ
²ūţѪԵϵ֮˾аڣ񣬾ʣˣܲޡ
ӹһ٣ڶһȥ˶ڵׯӣˣֻʣһƬҽʲôûС

еıֱӱ飡
ЩꣿΪҴ壬Ȼܣҵкӵģ϶йĿı죬Ҳô꣬һϳԷԭڡ
㻹ǵҢ𣿡
ϵͷة࣬Ȼûɵ˵ּҺͷá
ͷҵӴةฮûܶٿࡣ
һȴС¶ЦݣŰ㡣
Ԫҡͷ֪鶼
ֱһǰӣŭģȫǰĶǶ
߸磬ͿˣҲùܣ˷ҾͿˡ
Ԫ껿˵
˵ףЩ꣬ÿ϶جΣ֪绹оô𣿱˵ģϵ̲סһЩ
ϡ
𴲣˶ӵķǰôһ仰Ŭѹʹӿ˵Щˣ׹Ⱑ
ֻǣסϣȻϾֻʣһ˹ػˡ
ڸ˭˵
ѹסͷԺٳѯʡ
Ҫ𣿡
ʵ
ԪҡͷһֱãǲҪ֣ǵѹȽϺã߸磬ҵĻúõؿ˷ң飬أ
˵꣬ԷſڣԺ棬װʶңˡ
䣬ֱӷ뿪
ϣ
ϵ
ϻŴţôû˯
Ͽǽĵ棬Щģج𣿡
š
¶΢Цû£һͺãЩȥϢɡ
Ҳ˯
Щ飬ǲ̸ĺãԽ˵Խġ
Ԫ껳˷ңİĻһʱЩãȻͻȻ䲻֪úȥδӣ뵽Сԥãǳسǵķȥ
ߣԹ緹˾ȥ˲гʳģǽһ࣬ң󲿷ֶǻġ
ҾãǼӦһţˡ
˲гÿ˵˫ֶźЩرǱ񣬱ϻţ˵
ͬ⡣
ͱĸͷ
Ԫӣã㣬ǵ㡣Ȼ󣬱ͿԪ껣۾һͿ˵
Ԫ껿ű䣬Щ㱣˵Цݣ͵ǵģûһ仯Ҳˣ˭õܻϳ谮ӣҲһһǺ«ִ߽Žֱߵӡ
ڣţ˴ӡ
Ԫӣ
俴ǰģͶһƴˣôôϤ
ˣǺ«ǸСƨⶼˣɻ顣
ôˣ
գۡ
ԪǰȻؽӹĶȻ˵ҺСͬһġ
Ŷ
ͷûµĻ͸߰ɣ׼ԻҲ˶֡
ԪʵӦٳؼҴ壬ֻǣŶԷЦݣ˵ܾĻУСԺû죬ڹÿһҪζ
һǰ䣬ʱһãСڿлζҲسΪóԵĶ
ãˡ
Ԫ껿˵
ţЦе˵ְһЩЩôûаûб۸
ûС
Ԫҡͷ
ԪةҵĹӣȻѧҵةҲû˸۸ģ˵ⲻ𣿡񿪿˵
ܺá
οصͷǼұ񳤴ˣչˣʱÿ찡תۼ䣬͵Ҫȡϱˡ
ߣĸ̾ഺʵ̲סʼ鴤
˵ʲôأһС
ɬ˵Щ󣬲ӦҲԼﲻһֱӵ
Сˡ˵꣬Ԫ껣ԼҶӺԪӣ˵˵ϲĹ𣿡
Ԫ껿ź棬չһ֪ΪξЩЦûУСھǺܹҵĻӭ
仰ֱβ͡
ǣҶӣúãԸãϲ˶ҲȻʵأ
Ԫһ㶣ʲô
ﰡ
һ·˵ǻЦȻ󲿷ֵʱ򣬶Ǳ˵Ԫ껻򵥵ػشĸӵ⣬ȻҲʵ̲ס²۵ʱ򣬻ðһ仰
鿴Ԫü˿Լõ񲻶԰
ճ˵ͱѣǰҲ̵ģһΣûôƺֱӽ֣ζʲôҲǸģûԼֵôؿﰡ
뵽ֵпܱɺ֣ǺǣЦ
УСӵ˼̫ˣʺǼá
Ҳû뵽ԼȻҲһԧ
ٿĸȫûзǰԪ껵һ㣬˼ɵȥ
Ԫӣ̫ˣҪһЩ֪𣿡
Ԫޱĵͷ
ȴ۾˰֣ɵѾͷס֡


50 
һҹδ飬 ؼҸ˵ˣˣ ֱӾڿջ˯ˣسˡ
ϻû˯ãûıŮЦеظ˵ үү ȥ˯ˣҲЩ˯ܾЩʲô ڴϷȥҲ֪˶ã Ժ˯š
ڶ죬ɻûʲôؾͻ˼ңʱʱؿԺ档
ڣҲ֪˶ٴΣϤЦ һ ԭүүļƣ  ŮĻ ̲סЦˡ
үү һˣ ûҰһû ҿɵˡ
ԺЦŴ˵
һˣ뵽ľ϶ڶҪ󣬿ɼڱŮУүүҪġ
ȻЦһĽ
֪
ڿͷβûκˣվ̲ס˵һ䡣
үү
ЦеߵԱߣָ磬ｿ˵㲻֪ҺͱһرóԵĲˣҾ룬ҪүүҲܳͺˣԣƤ˼ҽң˵Ǯ˲һҹĹѧԵġ
үүԣϲԣ´ȥֱ˵
ڶŮȫҪȥԵóԵģӦ
ԴϰΪ
үүѾѧˣԵģ㿴ʳĶˣ͵ţƷҵհɡǻ죬Цݣ鶼ź
ããã
ֿ˻˵䲻Ե޹ʲؼҵģԭΪǣҲûбТ˳ĺˣжһĺͽһȡ
ڿͷܲһ㺹ˮҲͮͮæ˵ɣǿڣ䰡үү֪Т˳ľˣôȣ͸ˣ棬Ϳˣ֪𣿡
԰䣬ˣҲšˮЦŵͷ
ڸСֶŮ򲼵壬￴ŵġ
ƫƫһͬ
ҪүүһҪԼ֣ȻѧôãһζûǳԹİɣȲҡ˵ֱ꣬Ӿȥ˳
ܿ죬ִ˳񣬿ջ𡣡
ˡ
Ŷֵߵߵظ˹ȥ
Ԫ룬ߵǰүүãǱѣΰݷãдţԭ¡
Ȼ󣬽سõ˹ȥ
ǰúǿεṫӣ˵˹˹ģرòӣһǶˣţСӲúúù۲һ¡
⣬ΪһŮ谮үүȻǿʲôöŸŮţȻҲˡ
Ů£ֻǣ棬˷ϣ˶䲻䡣
ϧǣԭ鶨ףºˣԭδףɲãһ㣬Ͳῼġ
ǺˣҪСӵƷĻǿıŮ
ڶԷ䣬ῼһ㣬ԼŮôãСӳϹӣôܻῴϡ
ţš
˵⻰˼ƽϵүүֽӹĶСӣʲôˣסĶﻹʲôˣй
һԼүүһʻ֪˼ǵģһûûεĸӣﻹһңֱӳȵүүǾӹ̫
үү
ô룬黹ǳڴүүʻ̫ɹ˻ɡ
ԣԣӣȥӣȥݵ衣
Ҳ˼ϸشԪ껣ĿһҲûΣЦһõȻЦǺǵػǲҶˡ
ˣүүҽԪ껣סھǣͱͬ꣬ʮߣûпԪǻشĻ⣬˵үүȥæ
үүһ㶣Цŵͷȥɣȥɡ
ȻԪ껽˳֣ȥүү۲һСӵƷУȻòûȷǺǻ֮ǰֻҪӽ䣬㶼øţǧռ˱ˡ
ԼүүѹĻ㻹еӣûԪ껵ǸƤǣĻЩŤ
үүҪȷǸõأͿռ𣿡û뵽ôŵүү
ӵؿ飬Уؼޣʲô񰡡
鿴Լүү˼ԣǱˡ
鰡ԺЩ㣬˵öӣﻹвٺңһȥÿ˯ǰҲһүүıЩǳԺҶҪҴһġ
鰡Сͳ࣬ԣүүŻŸһ÷°뱲ܹиܹó̫ࡣ
ͷ׵ģȻأ
Ҳ𼱣үүġ
̵ô˼ˣүү˵Ԫ껡
ɵ
ϵľӣֻҪǸõģȻͲռˣȻҲҪ콫鶨Ҫ֪ҹζࡣ
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оԼүү޷үүһͷŰɣ˽Ԫ˵С
ˣȥ
ͷת߽˳
飬ʲôû¾ȥ˵￴ûгӣ׽ˣʲô֣ʲô°ŴŮҲߣæֹ
΢Цϣϸ˵ⲻæŰвˣջҲð
ԭΪðүүͻͬ⡣
ôһָʹϴ󣡡
үүڽе
һĻ˵ֲȥʲôػֻȥ˵׽ӣĺõģ̫ˡ
˵飬ȥ

ؿǲŲţڿֹӵĵһۣˣӦýҸϣȻǷ⣬ֱĸֹӲӡ
ȨƵλȻҪֹһضҲǸ֮ˣ±ȲӣҲǲģԣǰӻԼҶãŬֹӵϲ
ֻǣүүҲ̫ƫˣк¾Ŷúãϴ󣬾ûϴĻûмޣ䶼õ
˵Լһ˱ӵϹ
ȥЩˡ
ίˣȴҷүү͵ĻоǵԭڣҲֹ²ТӡֻᣬԺӵûһ˵ģѹ
ĨᣬתųſڣǲǴӵЦʹ̣ȴòߡ
ȵ뿪Ժ̾һϴ󰡡

̻Ӧ
죬ȥýţ˵һ°ɣֻҪԷ˺ãǲӺˣ׼ױؼҵӺùˣֶ࣬ǸֻҪԼʵʵĹӣ˹һףҲܹúܺõġ˵
ûжԶ˵ʵǿһ˾۷Ź⣬ŶŲģ˵úܣЩ˰ɣʲô˵
ԼҪ۵
лл
м˵
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ˡŵϵƣЩˣôˣŮ飬ӵĲТ
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𣿡ǻɣһѵĲ˲İ
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ŵصͷ
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ĸ¶ͬı飬Ԫ껵ʮֺã룬һæûȵĸӣǷˡ
û£ԪӻľֳһһǲǰԪӣ
ӵĻҲ۾ؿԪ껡
䣬СǱģ׼ˡ
⣬ԭûеģΪСÿԻʱ򣬶ŷˣԼ⣬ɱϲúܺãʱһãڴϱʢпصĲҵҲų֡
ȻԻ˲࣬˫ҲǴأֻҪӣûʲô򲻵ģ룬Ǻܿͻ͹ˡ
üԭȻûףΪʲôҪ͵͵ȥӣͼıˡ
Ԫӣ̫ˣ
佱
Ԫޱصͷ
ţô꣬㻹ôΪʮһΣԣûԼѾ긾ŮľҲΪԪӵĳƺʲô׵ġ

ԪǫؿڣĿ⣬ͬĵĮ䣬ȴžĽ
ġ
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һ㡣Ԫ껻ͬǫ顣
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Ĭһ£Ǿ˵ĳЩ˲ʵʵ뷨


51 
㣬 ֮ǰʶ𣿡һԪӳȥ˵۾һ Ѳɶ㿴Ԫˣ㣬ٿԪ껡
ţ Ů Ҳǳֱ֮ϰ
߰뷨
һǳ ֪ʲôֲв ôܻῴôһĻصˣɲ˯ʱҪˡ
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ɵصͷ۾ȴԽˡ
ĶϵĮԪӣֱɽϺаĳˣҲ֪᲻Χ˽ĸ齻
ߡ
޴˵ һԪ껣 ʾϣ Ȼ˳ȥ
Ԫ껵Ƿǳòظкȥɣ ȥɣ ģ Ķöûйϵ бڣ ȫû⡣æ˵
Ԫ껸˳ȥ
ֱȥ˺ԺӣȻֱӿżɽ˵õ⡣
Ҳᡣ
Ԫֱӻش
û뵽ôɴ࣬ʲôʱ뿪
ٵȵȡԪ껳һ£һµ飬ģ뿪ˣͲˣ֪㵣ʲô鲻ڵġ
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Уϣ˱Ͳ࣬Сھռ֮һ
ˣʹ鲻˵Ҳκ˺ǵ顣
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龯
ġ
Ǹɾӣˣܿ˾Ǵ˹ʶصʱôһζԻ
Ƕ̺ԪһˣҪԪӶ̷𣿡Щвڡ
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ͷͬԼĻ̺ЦԪӻͲЦ˵ıЦ𣿡
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ڣؼ˳ĬҪ䣬ҲܵĲܿɣүүĳԲȥ
ڣ佫Է˵һ飬Ȼּһеúܱ⣬Ǳ̣ŵǰĵүү㳢

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óԣ
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룬վһߵϵһˮ˹ȥ

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俴ԼģġԡڰǳĿȻͻȻ뵽һص⣬˵ؼ˴ģǺϦദʮıƺҲû֡
ЦһҲЦаˡ
üӣ治˵Ц
㣬˵ˣ㲻Ҫ°˵ȴԼ˵ǷϻҶɲѰˣŵ»ûг֡
˵
Ҳûȫ˵ʵ㣬ϴڰԺһ֡
˵佫͵ƷϣֽʣǸԡд
üһǸӰɣ̫ѧˡ
뵽ԼԺĺøжϵͳ
кܶĶ۸񶼺ܹ󡣡俪˵ĵͻ˽ӡ
ص
һὫӻġ˵⻰оԼҲˣǰɵԼߴʮĺøжȣ̾£˭ҲҪߣӣ֪𣿡
±񲻻˺䣬飬˶ܽܵģôƽΪ֪Աʲô
˰㵱ͼס⻰
˵⻰ʱ
á
ͷȻѡܸԼҶ㣬һⶼûУ㣬ˣң˯ᡣ
š
ͷ˯ԼȴڸߵתУû뵽ܣ뵽Ļʵ۽ΪЩء


52 
ҹ ˯ʮְȣԱߣ һϵ顣
㣬簡
۾ͿĶ㣬 оʵǲ Цеشк
硣
ܸɴһ֣Ȼ֣ ҸɫĲ׶һݣҪá
áͷ ܿ죬ϾͰһ׸ߵĲףԱ˵һǶģһġ
øǮ𣿡ʡ
ҡͷΪ˱ϴ֣ûӣ ԣ Ҿ˲٣ ˶ Աֱӿ۵ġ
׼ֵģ ջˮ ҲǴϿ𣿡
ٴҡͷ Ǵŷ·뵽ģ µĲϣһѡС
û𣿡
̫ΣˡҡͷҵƷĻǾԲĸ߿ƼƷ뱻
ⷽ㵹Ǿúܡ
⻰ȴͻȻ뵽ĶʵۿûУʡ
Щ⻰ǿ佱Ƿ̣ԣֱӽ䵱ɿ佱ˣ㣬߰ɣȥܲ
ȥɣҪȥ˯û˯㵱ɰ
ҡͷ˵ãһ˵ƣ
Ͻȥ˯ŶΪǲɶ˼һүү˵ġ
ͷͷķᡣ
ʱѾˣֱӾȥұ񣬿żɽʳ⡣
ҡͷ
Ҳ֪֪Ϊһʱ䣬ľһֱǷڸģȵԺ󣬸ʲŽңʱϵСõġ
ü
˵˺ܶ࣬ǸС⣬ӣҪĻӦú׵ġ
ԣкܴĿܿЩù
ͷҲã˵һ˽ȥ
ˡ
̣û°ɣ
ҡͷû¡
ȫĵͶ뵽ʨɽϣƽأʣسܣǧСŴǻۣûֶֻҪǮʣʾ֭˼ҲŪҪĶġ
ʼϣ鶼͵͵ؽķ䣬֪죬ûجˣֹͣΪ
飬ƺæЩʱ򣬶ӰҪÿϻ䶼ҪǲʲôΣˡ
ؼ֪仨˺öǮɽͷȻֹӣЩȣǾȵǣ·ˣſʼ֣᲻̫ˡ
䣬һ㶼ǴµģҪȵɣЦеؽ
үүİɡ
һŵؿڡ
Ļ˵ˡ
ûá
ѵЦǺǵ͸Լͷô֣ǰ䣬ԹӣȥسˣǮ
ǮվһߣĬ
̣ҲԹӣֹӡ֡
õЦ°ˣʾǰ뵽ưͣ˵Ȼϡ
Ͽ˸󣬿վŮߣؿڣ䰡
𣿡
֪Ҫ˵ʲôȴ̧ͷ¶ʮֹɵЦݣӣ⹫һܲסˣ⹫ֻ̾ҪĹԹŮôЦҪϵǣҲ취ժġ
ȻҡͷʣҪæ𣿡
ãʱĹӣһҪ԰
ϵͷããš
ȴĵòУǵľ飬ʱ֣ûйյģȻ󣬻һһĻˣ飬˵˵
ϻеض飬˼Բˡ
ϣ˵ѵϲ飬ְɣҲûſǸɽͷҡ
ʱԽûڴϲֵʱ򣬷ŻԽǿҡ
ֶŮʱɵ˵ģôõգΪʲôأ϶׬ܶģȴƫƫҪһɽͣǮ
ؼҵˣô˵ٿ²䣬ðɣǲˡ
Ȼô˵ɿÿɽڣ۵òУڣ䣬֣ҪæѾбԪ֡
ֻȻϸũȴ㲻Ϻ֣ԣʮֻ
ȥɽͷҰɣȻˡǣͶеؿ˵
е¶һ񣬲ãЦݣͷ
䰡ҪүүҲȥɡЦ˵
үүũ𣿡һӳĻܻӰģҴøҲġ
󣬲󡣡
æҡͷ
ȻʨɽϣֶæµǰֻһͲǸũϵ˺֣ؼҴүүԼҲȥЩסˡ
֪ŮҲũܲ˰ũеʱϹһ⣬ڣۿžҪջļˣô
磬ϴ͵𣿡ʡ
شүҡͷ
ǼĻ𣿡
شү룬ҡͷֲΪǼҵŮۻظɻƫĿɲã
㱧Թˣü
ûУԼ밡ÿ綼ԣҲϢܲ𣿱ʱϿˡشүЩýˡ
Ŷ磬ģ岻ˣǼڶ絽ɻҲûϢҲͦõİ
شүЩô˵ʲô벻Ǽ䰡
ΪҲ֪ǴɵٶȣǼʮĺӶ죬Ҳ˼˵¶ˡ
ϸ
һشү㻹ǳİɣһ˶ء
ĳţ磬ģǸء
⻰شү֪˵ʲôˣôоô˵ðɣ뵽ÿܼ͹ȥķˣǴ⣬ģŪԹһԺ󣬾Ǽҵķˡ
ӣҪԹԣԺǳԿʲˡ͵ƫĵûߡ
شү̣һɥ뿪ͷһ벻ԾȰܵģôŪԼء
ǣڶ죬ȥ䡣
ѾͷЦкܺ˵ӣֻǣĿˮ˵ˣԷһһؼӣˣˡ
˦Ӹ˵شүҲû뵽侹Ȼôһ䡣
үүģҪǮͽ̴үүǣʱǮһ
⻰شүıʮ΢⺢ҲףټǴˣ˵̫̾˿үү⣬ǼһȽϺá
Լھ˰
ûǿ˵ʲôǿջȵɼԺүүһô˵ġ
ȥˣֽˮ͵ŷѿеҲʼգ˶ʼΪɵˣܵѾߵʱˣضˡ
˶ջʱſʼӣЦˡ
ϳĬϴ·ûвЩŮ˵ۣΪ֪˼Ҷ飬ڱ￴ףȴã뷨δؾͲܱʵ
ȥ˵
ɡ
ҡͷһڣ֪Էʲô
Ϊʲôʡ
֪ǲ˵һ˵ɣͬ⣬Ҳģ뷨ȷʵڼ֮ǰû뵽Ȳ˵ܲܳɹСЩƨɺ棬Ͳķӡ
ɻǵСţ
һʵ
Сţһ£³һף
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šɵģӲԵ޹ֵģϾϲؿ
ǣ
룬ǽݸߵԪ껣ϸĳ࣬Ӧ׵ġ
⻰ǸԪȻֻһ棬Ϊóɫԣӡ̣һ£ȻСʱСŵغһһˣͿʼԡ
ǵˣ
ƽĳϣʵ
ǵãССʹֻǣ岻ã̫󣬾ûи㡣
⺢ӣô¹ɡϻСŵСʱ򣬲뵽ˣۿ̲סˣǷңǰҸһӣһɱټһ𣬾ͻٵһɶģǺס
ֻǣʱô꣬ĸ˭ֶ֪ȿȡ
ôһ򣬳ϸǿȵ˺ѷΣֲòѹĵĺ⣬͵¶һͷӾ͸ûмɵʱ򣬳˻ûҵͶ
º£СŻţǺ¡
æ˵
ŬǻյۣҲסŶӣһƽСΪʲôʶң
ǵСŵĿ⣬İû
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վСҵ˵Ϣ壬֪£İȥġ
Ϊˡ
̾˾ǰȴϣжܰ䣿
ӦǾʶ
һ㣬Ҳ
֮ǰҲھǣбµģǩѾܻؼңܺةҵǾʶķӡ
Ȼǿ佱ϵȴżֳʲôʱһѾ߶ܱǻúá


53 
ڵĽŲûͣ£ ȥˣÿ鿴⣬ ûʲôˣ ǣ ʨɽϵķ޽ӡ
ˣ ͨɽƽĵ·ϣ ͣľͣ ٴ̾
Ȱ˵ؼҵ˾͸ˡ
ǿ ӣ ʲôã ҪϹڣ ²ǵӣ Ҳ۰
ƫƫؼһЦеţǲͷڶ죬ɽͷʲôڼ

̾ľشүֵܼ
Ҳʹ䣬ΪʲôȵæԺ ٽӡ
үү 㶼æһˣ ӦúúϢģ ǻлɵġЦе˵
Ů ˵ʲô ֻʱʱȥɽ Ůƭˣ͵ˣ
һµʱ䣬սɽϵСľҲʽ깤µĵͰդÿװһʢľջտƽԺӣұһͤӡ
Ŀľľ¥еһģһ££ͭ壬һöվԺм䣬С¥䶼дʫһ׵ĳ嶯
Ȼ˰죬ŷ֣ûедʫļܡ
ʲôأ
鿴Լñһͨ죬ЩЦǰʵ
ûʲôҡͷ㣬ϲ𣿡
С
֪˵֣Ƿǳ˼ˣߣȥ䡣
ȵҡ
ǧԱ߻ͯ꣬һŶ˽ȥæ˵
˼Ԫӣʲô
Ԫ֪ʵ͸ˣɸǵĻһһ죬᲻ÿڣСڵĻ˫̲סȥֱ˶¥վ¥ݿڵǡ
ǵģұǵģԼѡұûǲ߶ġЦ˵վڶ¥ľɫȻɪĿĸо
š
ͷ
Ԫû뵽Լķ䣬һ˿Ц⣬ȴԽĿˣԽǴţԽǲ뿪ˡ
㣬ǰס
俪˵
㡣˵꣬ת˽ȥܴ󣬺ҲŴĴǰ潫Զĳ۵ײͬĴɽ
ϲʲôɫĴʣ֣ͷЩʡ
ɫ
³֣ûоܾæװ緿ԸֻǲҲϲ̫ڵĶ
ţ㣬ͷİɡ
ͷͶĸ䷶ӳҲܽķŪûڵġ
Լķ䡣
Լõ˸ڣȻ󣬾²˵Ҫôװķ䣬һҪλõķɫϵȻ˶öףɶڴСûмޣ˳ивŽӴͯµ˵
ӵһԼĹ䣬ΪһΡ
ɫĴɴƮݣװζʹüֵʣɫĴƷɫױ̨֮䣬˸ַɫмͼһɫ
㣬ú𣿡
ͦõġԼķ䣬ϲôŪôŪ˵˵Ļٻǣľͺããǲǿʲôֵˣ
ûС
ҡͷôˣ
û¡
òϣҲûʣСеܺ
ܿŪãԼķ仹Ƿǳģȥ˸ڣȻǷɫĺ󣬿ȴͦģΪ඼Ǻ嵭ģŵķɫҲûиֵĻڡ
Ϊףݵʽɣ죬ؼ˳Թ緹һСʱȫܵɽϵӣ׼Ϊ˵ĳԷϴεĻࡣ
һˣ̾Ȼ˵ũæѾȥˣɲ˵ĻҪɣûµ׳ȥس׬һһ㡣
ؼо춼档
شү˵˺󣬸оҪԼȥķǰһˣȻβСˡ
ţ룬ǽֵܰɣôȥˡ
Ȼȵֵܾһ𣬵ɽʱ˳紫ζǶӿʼؽ¾Щˡ
տûտ
ôԺӣ˺õķ羰ټϽķҲ󣬳տ̺ǼŮ˵żҳ̣һȺӴ֣ӣֱҪ̫⡣
Ȼʼʱڿģܿ죬ˣζȻûҪãʱЩ͵ᡣ
ɻͷֺǺǵؽõʳݸԼ壬ðķɫݣˣˡ

شүʱ򣬾Ϳҡϣ⴮һ͵ģһ
磬ôˣ죬Ū⣬ϴλûϣοɲܴˡæЦкֵܡ
ţòؽ߿شүǹ
㡣
磬ȳɣʲôȳ˵СֵѾ⴮һڣ磬óԵúܣ㲻Կɿˡ
˵꣬뵽ϴλ飬磬ɲصԺĺ£ýǣֵܵӦиͬġ
УС
Цеصͷ
شүżֵѾʼˣƵЩûûεģ˼ҵģ˼ȥķǰ
ܵݹһ⴮ʵúܣˣ˵
ֻǣǳԱԺĻǵĿ
Ǻԣȵ׼ʳĶԺЩδɶʵǳŲµǣʼɽͷתʧʰôʲôġ
԰Ŀʼܸˣ˯ʱһǳΡ
һͤ£Ưȹӣǰڷһѹ٣ܷܷʮָң֣Сڿ£뿪Цݲõؿ佱ڲϵعƣԪֱ˵
Ǻǡ
ϵ䷢ϲõЦ
󣬳תˮȹԺ裬ȣҪڿշӡ

һЦ﷢ŵЩпˮ
λڼ黭һһȵѹʱ䷢ԼЩۣȴǷǳõģʹֺǺǵЦݣؼңӦٶ۵ϴԸоˡ
˵ֻᴫȾġ
ôֺǣͱ˸ˣԪǶϸ΢Ļȡ
ܲʱԭ
ıԪҲͦģ
ȻֳõЦݣμס˵һ飬ЦТ˳ӣ֪κʵ֣Ҳ˵Էġ
ﰡҲΣǾĴʦҲðŮܲһ㰡
ǳ鴤˺ü£վסˣûЦ̫Ӱˡ
Ԫ껾ãǺþöûôĹˡ
鿴Լ˵ķϣ뿪˵ãΪ֧磬Ҿȥسǣѹ٣Ҫһȥ𣿡
ҪȥģҪȥġ
æͷҲôѡ㣬𣿡
ġ
һĵı飬һΪѡһʺٵģţڴԼ¶Цݵһ졣


54 
һԪ껾ǳİۣ ֪ȥˣѾ뿪 ٱ֮ǰ ͸ 룬 ˭뵽 ûڣ ͱˣ ǿɶ
Ԫӣ û°ɣ
񿪿ʵ
Ԫҡͷ û¡
Թ緹 ˴ҴҵظŶȥسǣ ڸŵĶҲݳƷ߽ٵĵ̣һŨҵ䶼̲סЦ£һЩ
ţ оҲĻˣ ޣˡ
 ϸһȫ࣬ ȫ֪ʺԼ
ڣ Ӫ̵ϰǰ ѯԺ һʺϳѧõ٣˼۸ֻҪʮӣÿԽܵæͷ
鸶Ǯ
ϰʣѧ٣Ҫ
ҪġЦ˵ϰƼ
Ȼ󣬱ر뿪Ҳ̸ˣǮعڼҵÿɽͷһʱ
٣ݳƷؼҵ˵Ҳǡ
˶ΧŴתãҲûǰ䣬ѧѧˣүү
š
صͷңö
ɡ
ˣЦ˵
ᡣ
ͨԪӵãҵԺԪԣˡ񵯵һ׺ܻӣȻ˵ͨؼ˵оʵ̫ˡ
治
Ĵָ
׳׳󣡡ؼЩ˼ˣǫ飬ٵĺһ㣬Ԫӣ
Ԫ껿䡣
ѽߡ
ֻϧȫûп飬վһߣüͬʱ̲ס졣
Ԫǰ£ַϣĿһҲգ뿪֮ǰһء
俴ӣţűĻˣƣӦþǸ֡
ʲôؼ˶˸£ͱȴͬһʱüȻǷˡ
ɻؿһµԪ껣ر𾪣ɣ
ǺǣӶܵôأʹ࣬Цվôϵķϣûгϡ
˵֪Ҹġ
䣬ѾӰ죬һжţؼҲˣȫ֪ľκԼ˼
վؼԺ⣬һҲ
ֱ󣬷ųصĲ뿪
̫ˣ
Ц˵Ԫӣ㵯ʲôƵúܡ
ؼ˵ͷ
ԪҪڣ͸оһһȵĿͣϣ΢΢ͷֱӱˣСվ֪ˣ¶һǸЦݡ
ҳ
˵꣬Ԫ껾ߡ
ԪҲ߳ȥ
Щףʲô𰡣ЩҪȥסˣ飬ûһֱ֪Ҫãһԭûô룬һֱ£Ԫ껸ˣƵѪ
ϾԪ껵ƤһǺջġ
档
ģ
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Ȼ󣬱ȭͷԪ껵գ㻹ӣԪӣ
֪
Ԫ껵ͷ
úЩ޷һ£ǲ֪ĳ˭ˣ
š
ȻСʵ࣬ƽ￴ֺǺǵЩɵҪ涯ܴˡ
ĳھǡ
Ⲣ⣬ϾϵʱǾھǡ
š
Էʡ
ⲻùܵ飬ӦǣôϺĻӽ
ʵϣԼòȥ
ûѪ𣬵ҪһӴ²ʵ
Ҳߡ
һ㱦Ҳ֪һ죬ﱻֵĿԾԽ
⣬ԪҲﲻæ
Ϩ˼ûЩ߰飬ͲһֵġĿģ˵
ûЩ߰飬־͸Ӳˡ
Ԫ˵ֻϧڡ
ϡ
Ϊ֪ԪҪˣͱûֹȥ䣬˻Щ͵͵ظš
ڼ䣬黹һ۱ʲô˼΢ֵ˸һʹӦ䵥ദûӰȻõ͵͵
񲻶ϵЦҲˣԪʵ̫թˣȻװһСľˡ
䡣
ʱǶԺϿϵǡ
Ԫӡ
Ԫ껿˵׼ͻؾˡ
ôôͻȻ鵱ȻҲ֪ûвɢϯֻǣٹˣҪȹ뿪
Ԫ껶飬ʮĶˡ
µʱ͸Ӳˡ
ҪСЩ֪𣿡ЩģʶԪǵСӣڵ˧ӣоԷ顣
š
Ԫ껵ͷĻҪ˵ȴһҲ˵
ҲЩ˸Уһʱ˭Ҳû˵
֪дҪǵãֻҪڣһжпܣûˣʲôûˡ󣬻˳Ĭ
֪
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϶ڴڶԷҲ뵽һ˵һ㣬Ԫţֱ뿪
鿴ԪʲôҲû˵һ
ԪӺÿ
ĸ̾Ц
ֻǣ֪ܿǸ˭ѧˡ
صԼķ䣬׼˯ȻԼ㣬˯𣿡
š
£
һľᣬֳЦ
ûõĻͻȥˣ˵鿴ã֪˵飬붼ģԣô˵
ˡ
ԪйأͷĶ˵
ǧҪ
㣬ģ㿴ϴԪӵʱͱ׷ɱ˵ҪҪҲ͸Сʵ
ķȻǺͬõ飬ûţԼ˵ǽ֮ǰĻȥ˵ģܵ
š
ͷСǱĵһѣҲˣͱĸܺãҪʲô飬϶ĵġ
룬ֲҲܵģϾദôãô˵Ҳˡ
ˣ֪ˡ
ͷȻ
գۣ¶õЦݣ֪㿴Ӳʵ˭Ҫãǵǳ²׼˼
ðĶ˶Էһۣ֪ԼӦ
ȥ˯ɡ
áЦ뿪Ӧÿ˯ðˡ
鿴ϵĶûһʹװãžֱȥԪ껵ķ䡣
˭
һԪ껾;߽ʱˣعҵķ䣬һôϵģעһЩ
Ϊ
Ӳá
Щ䵣㣬רҸģ˵飬÷Լɡ齫£תߣǲһ䣬˷ĺģҪ֪𱨵ĻһŪ㣡
ʵϣҪΪ䣬Բôðյ飬֮ǰ
ϣûпˡ


55 
ÿ죬 Ҳߵÿ졣
Ԫ껣ϵĶ ˺һᣬ ŵ͵ƣ 򿪰 ĶһΣ  Ҳ֪ǴŪġ
ɵ Ķôܹء
ôͬʱ ־úů
һҹ Ԫһֱû˯
ڶ죬 Թ緹 ͺؼ˴С
ЩϧôõСӲܳΪŮȻ˼˵ˣҪҪ뿪 Ҳǿ
鼱ˣ ôˣ һ׼ûУһż ȫûйӵĻֱӴ˵˳ ֹӣ һ߰ɣ
һ˲İ ؼ˺Щ϶βѡ
Ԫֻûͱ񣬡Ҫء
һ̰ɡ
浽ʱܵòС
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56 
ȥ ȥһ߿ȣһߺǷض˵
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˵⻰ʱ ˳㣬𼤶  ؽ
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ͱˣүү̣Ầġô˵ģһߵؿƽŵͷҲүү̵İŲûд
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Ǽ鳤ôƯǾͲð޸һֵصĿϧ𣿡һŰԼ뷨˵˳
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57  
صͷ ȻϣһߵĶ˼
Сʱ 鿪˵ã ȥһ£ǲǻûֹС󣿡
Ļòôã Ϳسھǣ ǻʵۣҲǿ ΪѾ뵽һ⡣
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о޴Ĺͣ ǰʵɹһܴ޴ĹͣͬʱҲζо޴ΣգǰʶʱЭˣܹȻؼҡ
ףÿһʶʱ񣬶ܻƽɱʣ֪ġ

ֻ̾ѣеʱѧѧգȻ󰲰صŮܼ򵥵ģΪʲôô鷳أ
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58  
ڷϵ뿪 Ǵһ
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59  
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ݳ޵ˮ Ǳ˵ûԹ ǼûмֻǴ˵Ŀ˵
˵ԵĻǾǼٻ
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˵ĹºܾʣΨһǵõľеϣ˿ˮֱʱţҪⱲܳһڣҲֵá
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үүԣԼ飡
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صͷѹôԭķǳóԣЦ˵䣬Ҳԡ
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үүǾͱˣڣŬԺԸõģůġЩЦ˵ЩԼֵģûлǮ
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飬˵ʲôأҲŶ󰡣ᱻЦģǵ
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Ů׬ǮԺļױԸТ˳ţԸ⣬Ҳǿ˵нţ׳ģɻţԼܲ˵ġ
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磬׾У𵽴֪𣿡
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š
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鿪˵
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ТвһĿģãϷʵҲס
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꣬ؼ˵ǲһģ˶ڴɨԼԺӣʲôĶ٣һһϲ·ĶҪ׼һֵ꣬ӵĺ
ȻңȴһһҪɽͷؼҴȻСɽͷԻûжൽһһĵزҪǡ
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شүһ¡
УǰڵͶ̫󡣡
ĵظˣһʱʻȥģٶǼʮĸͷֱ£ҲоԼŮĵӿһҪûֳⲻѪ޹
ΪСڣʹʵʵɽͷӦˮ


60 
شүֱֵܼɵۣ ôǮ˵ ȫѾ
Ǿǰѹײıó ԶԶ
е
ǲζţ˼ϵķξôˡ
磬磬 ĵܣ ܣû°ɣЩĵؿǡ
شүҡͷ
䣬 㻨ôӣܻر𣿡
ôǮѾͷӿҪǻ ϶᲻á
ڣ ֳ֪ˮ׬ǮĻҲֵģҵķʵ̫ˣˣֻȡ
ԣ 㲻ǮҪˣ ֻҪһ뵽ôӣľڵѪ
үү ģˡ
Це˵ʵ׬ǮķӺܶ࣬ͶıǮ󣬷ҲͻӣȻ׬˵ĻǮҲ١
شүǻǶġ
һǮͶС׬ǮӦҲٵķӣֻмҪһЩүүҪ𣿡ʡ
شү˷׷׵ͷ磩ڵȻʣĽеġ
ʨɽʱҾϸؿһǴأ山һƬĵأһСЩĵغͳѼӡ
ҪؼҴһҸǲеġ
չ˵Ȼ׵ˡ
Ѽӣ
ؼֵĸͬʱ˵
ͷֻʮֻǼֻ
شү˵һ
䰡ôѼӣרŻǮطͶӦҲСİɡشүʡ
ԣүүǿļһǮҪǻĻҲԽһЩǵġѼӵķʲô⣬ҲķӣĺͶֵıķԼ
Ȼ֪ѼŪ˻ɽͷ׬ǮҲûҪռһģղ˵ǮķӶȥˣæĹ
ǮþУ̫æ˿ɲѡĳԣԺѧϰ裬ûôʱ䡣
䣬׬Ǯ𣿡
شүʵʲôķ˶٣͸࣬еǣˣµľࡣ
ܵġ
ͷ²żүүǻȥúڻʱ䣬ȻԽԽá
˵ͷǴ£ӦҪġ
뿪
ã㲻ִҵעɣʡ
Щԡ
㣬ʵģ룬ĺ£ֱȥɽͷ׽һֻɱˣ̻ԣųԣĿ⣬һڣζ
⻰£̿ˮ
ԼҲǣȷûˮЦؿ顣
̰ԡ
һ˿Ц⣬ðɣϣϣӦѧϰһ¡
ɡ
سƽ۾һ˵
˶
磬㲻𣿡ʡ
سƽҡͷ˵ҲǿϣҪǣͣټȥҲʲôġ
Ĭ
ڻûзּңҪүүʹ󲮵˼
ǮüسƽӣڴŮɡ
Ȼ
سƽ䣬˼Բˡ
ոպ˵ˣҪǮүүǣԣڻܾܾˣ磬ȷҪ𣿡
š
سƽصͷ
ҿҪѳ˵ǰ棬һҿԽǮҲ԰ķӸ㣬ǣ˵Ļ㲻ܹңҵǮҪġ˵ֲ꣬һ䣬ȻýǮд˽ģ磬ҲҪдġ
سƽû˵һߵϾͲãڻûзּңͲ˰ɣһãҲ̫˰ɡ
죡
ؼ˻û˵سƽֱӳǳ⣬󣬶俪ڣã˵Ҷףġ
ãɲܺ˱ˣҲҪ
仹û˵ϾͲ졣
ʲô£ؿƽһ䣬ã˵˵ġ
飬붼룬ؿƽŵүүʲôʲôԽԽãڿЩֻãôʲô
ˣڵЩԹˣô͸ôһľͷһӶûУ˵ǽǮҪˣһˣѲǻؿǶ
Ҫ׬ˣӣǲռǱ˵ġ
ĺ£ôء
䲻˵飬˼ԣ㣬ϣ
ְԴɼѣջסˣ磬ͶֵܣڶɼˣһǮֶҲͦõģУʼӦҲ˶١
ͷ
Ȼһɡ˵ǮͱˣҽǣǵҪд
ؿƽԼ￴Լ׵
سƽҲһӾ˶õ˼ʲôҲû˵
飬ôǮ𣿡뵽ľ
ԼұŮܸɵģ󲿷ʱڼ£Ϲ죬Ǯ
⻰ֱӾͲŵط˸ۡ
еġ
ͷ
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ɨһֳûоܾԼүүĺ⡣
شүķˣϸԺѼӵϸڣȷļ˳ǮһѼӣǿˣҲᰤ£˾
ôһƬغͳ飬ڴﴫ
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ȴǣѼӵ̸Ժ󣬾ͿʼΪ׼
һߣ˸Դǵʱ򣬱յԼҶ̵ģûж룬ֻǷԸ˶ע⣬û죬յһܺš
һԼԼ˵òС
ϸؿԺۿ΢΢Щ죬ҲǵģСӣͲ߱˺òã
ʳô᣿
ֻǲϲ߲˶ѣ˼˵Լġ
ഩ·˵ǶľǺ䣬ҪȲҪ¶ȣǺǣôÿٶ࣬Ҳзȵģ뵽֪ǲԭܸоЩ䡣
ˣĺúӣһ߹ŵĺë紩ϡ
һˣСh
ߵܹܡ
һˣҲǵʱİһʮˣѹ˺óһʱ䣬оѾʺˣ͸ԼϴԭΪΪû뵽ϾȻŵߡ
ʱĻӦ񲿴񡣡
һ˹˵
Ӿǹһλ⣬СĻӶѾԼĸۡȴסڹһֱռžϾס乬һ֣֪Ϊ˼ġ
Ļ£̫󣬻ʺﶼʹϡ
ֻ˵˼ϲĻû⡣
һ֪ǽӵɶ۰ǰЦݲõףòһܻΪЦݶȫŲմߵЦ
Ŷȥſڵš
ﻹһĨͷǳţǸСhԪӵģ뵽ԪӾȻ˼;ٰŸ
ǡ
ǻеһ⣬ôһ˾ūеһ࣬ڻʹܹҹ޻ʹģ˻ʵۺӣЩϺͰе⣬˵ǵˣ̫ࡣ
ʵһ˲ǲ̫ģΪûҪӣԴӹоֻһӣǾӣΪûᣬҲûʡ
Сӡ
߳ȥ뵽ʲôЦŽе
ӣԸ
СӺһǵ꣬ʵ½̫ѡģûбС̫࣬úϲԲԲװ׵Ϊܳ裬ԣ̫ҲˮǴߣԺȶֲøɶٻ΢΢Щ֡
ȥʵĹţпˣ˵ˣǵöഩ·УûпգҺСh׼Ի˶֡
ʮֺõ˵
ܵ飬СӵЦҲŲࡣ


61 
Ȼ˵ӵСӵȵʵæԺ˵ ʵ۹⣬ һ֣ ̫ͽȥͨˡ
ʱĻʵۣΪõϲû¶ٺۼ ˿ӵɲ⡣
ϣ ߵСӹ
ŵĻʵۣЩõģ һ⻰¶һ˿ȰЦݣСӽ
ԴˣʵߵūŶ⡣
˻ɻ϶ӵİ ǲᣬ ԴӴСԺԺ»æֻҪǺйص飬Թʣʵǳ鲻Ҳ̫ܹȥġ
С߽ Ȼ Це˵ϣ ˵⼸رǵöഩ·
̫ܹľȻվһߣǺֱЦ˵ûɣϵʱû϶ഩ㶼Ը⣬˵أⲻҲ˵ͬĻˣϻ᲻ܾ
ããҼǵá
ʵȫ⻰ܴһȥ̫ܹܾ˼Ըȥ·ˡ
أ
ӳȥĻˣ˵ҪԻ˶֣ūûпգСʡ
пա
ʵ۵ͷֱӺ˽ϸȥʺȻ˯
ǺͶһԣȽʳȥʺҲüģڴӦͬʱѾôˡ
С뿪Ժ󣬻ʵۼۡ
ֻǣһӵʱ䣬һͳǰ
ʵ۵һ
ˣ
ػϵĻǽյż
һȻƽɻʵۻһ˿𾪡
һ˶֪ԴӹȥԺ󣬰һһֱڹڵİȫЩ꣬ӵĸƣȫסˣڹ⣬ΣշСһЩһڣȫû⡣
ֻǣǰôģڣȴôΪˡ
Ϊ죬Ŀֻļ֮һ
𱣻ӵİȫ˹жԺȻҲҪżûж죬ڿŷ桰ϹڡֵʱЩˡ
ּŵĹֱһģһ
סĵ𾪣ڰӸ߸˵Ķżֽŷʮصĵطĵس룬ǰ˳ʵʵǰ
һΨһĲͬԹҲǳкøУʼռǵãǻϡ
ʵЩɻ̫ܹܰùȻּͬ˶סˡ
ϣӿŵʮָˡ
һûпݣΪ죬κ˶֪ڹ棬ҪõģÿģǾԲῴ
ʵۻŵ˫ֶЩ
̫ܹ̾˵ʵˣô꣬ǰĳǵһ
һһֽ˳ͷĳƺԸӡ
񡭡
һһؿȥٻɣΪдŵµģȫһЩ£·˯Ҫ߱ӣҪ˷ҪǵúúóҩϢȵȾдҳֽ
䣬ûһˣдŻ˵ġ
ţԺ·ϣһʹѪһ˵ݺϵĲࡣ
ɻʵȴһҲᷳĆ£Ϊ֪ȫԱŨŨĸ顣
ۿĻʵ۲Ц˳ҲֻŮˣ˺ƤԿ䣬Ưף䡣
ǿˡ
ɵô£
ʵЩ¡
һʱô˵ġ
ŷŻȥɡ
һʱ࣬Ļţ¶˵ǾϲֻǣϵǱ䣬ĺԪҲ˵ģϵĿǣ˺Ρ
ѡԼһ̶Ҳ˵ԵΡ
ԭ򣬻ʵۺ뵽
֮ǰʵ̫ʹ֪࣬Ժ󣬻ǿеؽȻ󣬱ٴη
һ̣Ϊʵ۵Щġ
Ϊϵұ֤鲻ٷûõĻʵˡ
ϡ
̫ܹЩġ
û¡
ʵ۵ĻȻô˵ﻹǺܵġ
Ϲ٫hյԼùõţǸˣػصؿ˺ü飬ڳԴ򿪾ƣȫʧˡ
СhϳԻҪҪ
ִļϣЦݲõʵ
Ҫ
Ϲ٫hͷ
ϵʱ򣬻ʵ۾Ѿͨô˻ֵø˵ģȻҲûðһȥ̽Ѿ͸¶ѡ
Ȼ󣬸ʮֿĵΧһ𣬳ڵĻֺǺǵ˵Ųű߼ʵĻڵ÷·ڵĵطǻʹһ㡣
̫ܹЦûͨʹ˻ʺ﹬ѯʵūţʱκȥɨӵˡ
ʺ
ʹӲҵʵҲû̳лλ˼ǣܳ裬ǰ۵úܡ
ֻǣû뵽и˵ģҹˣãȴ˻ʵȥ˹СԺֱӾˤߵĲ豭һͼŮˣȻεռ˻ʵ۵ģ֪Ӧٶ¼ҩ
СԺɻǸСԺǧ԰ӣ鷿Ƿİ趼һģһʵǰķ̫ܹ˳ȥȥӻ̳һֻ¼ʣ򿪡
дŵ㻶֣ؽ硣
Ԫ껲Žӵţɨһ۱񣬷ڻֱˡ
Ԫӡ
ǰסȥ·ĵʵ˵ľҵҪףû°ɣ
ԪӺة˵ĸ鲻ãֵܽദúܲرǺ־ã֮Ƶĸܺã־ñףԪ϶ܵġ
Сڡ
Ԫ껿Ŀ׼ԴϹ٫hֱӻӿҲû¡
ģ
Ȼܳ裬ĵѣǣСhܵܣԪˣ治ϣѹ
Ԫ껵ͷֻ˵ԵҲá
飬ûϵı񲢲ô
ֻǣ¾Ƕľòԣ˵£ô˵˾أǻŵڣ˵ľҵÿܾأ˶ƭˡ
С˵־ѾɱΣȻûɹ˭ܱ֤ûеΡ

Ԫ뿪Ժ󣬱ص̾һСh˵ҪҪæ˵ʮһ׮𣿡
磬ܣûеô򵥡
ֻ֮ǣǻûãľҾ׵ͷȻչڣ»ûˣ֪ҽ׵ĿѾСˡ
Ϲ٫hЩɣʵ͸ԪйأȻֻһָоû֤ݣκϽȥ
Ŷ
ͷ
Ǳѧŵ㣬벻׵ģͲ룬ȫˣʶᡣ
¶ʮߵʱһˮ˽ǣ˵ĲĿ
һǣʵۣϹ٫hԪ껾ͽӵϢȻûг棬ȴ˿ǣԷ⡣


62 
еԭΪһ·ϾĳѾ ˣ ɵ˾ǣ У֪뷨Ǵģ رٽʱ üһ۾ЩˣȻӽ£ Ƿ֡
磬ƽͳ
˶࣬ ǵһ زģ Ҫɢˣ ǿɾ˲ˡ
ˮ˵⻰ ƽ֡
еһæסһӣҲҿˣٺÿ ûжҪ
ŵ˵ÿʱ ķæ
׼꣬ ֵᣬæ ūŸæýŲմأһദʱ䣬Ҳֻдʮϡ
䡣
ˣܹ֣һ£˭ȻǸˣܹǾ̫̫һΪ˺ԷҲܷŲܡ
ôһ룬ߵ齻֣Գţһ·ţҪ鲻ֵ̫Ļһæתġ
Ȼߵ˺ţͿһʵˮ۾һ
ԴؼǰǵݣȥţǾǴٹ˽ĵطĲҲʮֵæµǵ̫ۣºŵӶͨġ
ʲôĵطɲʲô˶ܽȥġ
𿴳ԴǸںܹǰЦ
ô£
ܹܺæֱӿżɽʵ
ġ
ԴǶģ˵ֱ飬ԺԼжˡ
˵ܹܵﻹʮ𾪵ģû뵽ѾͷģȻôȻֻһźСܹܣȲ˵ԺʲôôһѾߣ»˼ңصǰӣͶԺǳá
߹ȥһϲ˵ˮЦݸӵزãеˣҲû˸ղŵĸ߸ϣ̬ȷǳͰ
Ƚȥ
ܼЦе˵
һ˸Źܼ߽ܼҽǰдƷȽϵ͵ĹԱס˵Ĳˮſ˵ԵƬ̣ȥү
Դ׷׵ͷ
ܼҵĽŲܿ죬˺ү͵ĵطȴͣ˴Լһӵʱ䣬뿪߽ȥ
үūһ
ĺүѾʮˣΪᣬټϱһ˲ţʲԣʮ㡣
ֻǴʱȴЩƣ۾Ů磬Ϊ佫дЩÿ˵һ仰֪ж˼Ĺ٣۵úܡ
ܼҿ˱飬ЩôСźүȻѾˣӲͷƤ˵˳
䣿
֣Щӡ󣬡ĸߵǸѾͷ
ĴѾߣֶʫ⣬䣬Ҳ˵ɺ˱ԵþЩ룬ΪТ˳ӵİӡҲ֡
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غүĻҲСˣ˵Դǳˡ
ôһ仰ˮ˵ÿĿİأ䣬Ҳ̧ͷλϵˣǰֻΪسĲر磬ƿžη壬ףǰĺүЩСһĴڡ
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غүĻ塣
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ưͣ
ܼҡ
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ȥϷ˵һ飬˼Ȼ󣬰ִǲǰͼıģСѾͷܵϷˣҲΪܵ·˼
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еүԶǰһ⣬ڻְһȴȫ档
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⻰һ£ڳ˶Цˡ
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ĲŮЩǴСͿʼҲô˵ĵǴúܡ
ǽһЩĹǶĽ
ҵɽͷˮȵ꣬ԺѳˣͿѼ棬ķ磬־ժѳԣүүѼӣͶ׼ӣʱһӣԼȥԼ׽ѼȥҴүүֱȥǱǣžߡ
̫̫оûжԷôڣȻֻҪ룬ЩҲ͵ǰɺܹȫɽˮ֮еȫһ
Ϸˣŷǳ󣬿󣬺γһ٣ԼѼ棬Եʱ򣬾ժһĳ
ʱ䣬ѴЩ߰ˣϸɫĹ쿪ѤõĻ䣬ģ׵ģ۵ģϵʲôĶУţڹ·Բ͵ӣůʱѧѧǿȥƯĻ䣬ʫ⣬˵׼ǴܳεĴӡ
˶ƽͳѾͷ룬ܵнģпܣιûϣġ
ʱ򣬹ӳˣܸһ룬Ҳȱˮԡ
ڴĹ滮䲢ûһһдֻǰЧñīȾʮãЩĹ룬ԴҲдǸӡ


63 
Ϸ˵Ȼ֪ ûдôãɷϣ ϵЩݣ˼֡
ͷһߵֵˣҲһЩС
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ʵȥһ꣬ Ȼ÷ǳʣӣ ɽͷˮ ҪĺѧѾʼѧŹܼҵĵС㣬֪ζҪǮ֧ġ
ƽҡͷЩˮԺǮͻˣʶһЩ
˴óǷǳɫģҲܺá
֣ȥүЩˮȳǲ˵ôóԡϷЦſڡ
ĹһҲڴصš
ﲻϡ棬޳ҲȱҪĻٶٶܳԵʵˮȴݳƷ·һŲôһ㣬ܵȽżĳֵǣܳĻԳһЩܳģˮƤ
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Ϸ˿ǰг̲ٵˮЦøӵĴ飬ǰһ̣ĸָСǻСһ
Ϸ˵ĻڼѾ˲٣Ͳˡ
ƽͳͬʱ˵
Ϸ˵ûǿһϣȻûпţ֭ʮˬڡ
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ҲźۿϷˣЩ
ɲǣǼ죬ţ·˳˳ʱõˣţѾͷôã˻ǲǵ᲻ܣϷˣ֪ģѾͷʵúܣʱŰصңҪǲ˴жѹ
˵ó־˲Щʪ۽ǣĳžʹ

ϷһǰˮЦϲ̣͸żɵĹЩᣬôǮֳˮ۰Ͱ͵͵ţ۵Ѿͷ϶Źôġ
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ҶһЩڣӦؼˡ
ϷһһڣƽͳͽˣȻѾ֪Ϸľ͸˵һһλǳõӣǵĽ㣬ǻϲڼʲôǿ;ÿġ
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СҲɫ뿪ûˮϷֲ̰ǵģȻ͵ǵԺġ
еֵ˻صǵסͽصţֱֵܳǰŷ
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64 
һ ؼҴ˾ͿʼæµرǼң ũѾ׼ɣһôǾûԶűȽϷġ
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65 
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67 
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۽ǿһߵã֪׵飬ʵԪֳģȻ֪ʲôֶΣÿȥ̸ģҪʱԪӶǳ䵭رܿ

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УǵѸʣҪʱԷʱ˯
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ة˾Լǿ۽磬ΪԼǸøףĺӶǳҲ̶ֳȰ
ֻǣӵûӰѵ֪ĿŵסԼ˶ӵԺһģּˣ˶ΪԪǱǸ˵ģǶľǵûòã
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Ϲ٫hһЦ磬 ʱıȴʮ棬˵ŵǿƽԸȫһ
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ɫЩף Сh飬 ÿλ𣬶ˡ
Ĭֵܶӡ
Ȼ󣬴ԼһӺ ſ˵Сh Ҳ֪᲻ڣҲڡ
Ϲ٫h û˵ȴѾ֪ѡɫЩá
˵ֻǸԪڵ᲻ǣԼѡ񡣡񿪿˵
˵ùѡãӣŲ𣿡
˵ǸѡʵϽȴѾԣҪùĲܵĻǲ֡
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񿪿˵ļǵã˵Ҫ׵ÿܽԴϲҪǽõĻ˵кİ컵£Ļͽйƨ£
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Цݲõ˵ЩȲҪʱˣӣĻӣѧҿǷ˲ٹģ̸ˡ
š
Ϲ٫hͱͬʱͷһڴ
Ψһ֪飬ľǣ˶ûעʱó޻ţ˶䣬ţܹλҲҪӱһܲС
׼ˡ
ӽԪ껰˹ȥ֮Ʋǲ֣ɺԣλӺǴ˶ãֻܿЦظųȥȻѾ˺תܸоλܲס
Ժһڹǰ棬ƺܱ׼ݺࡣ
ãѡϣܼ˵ӡ
һѵ
üɷӣϹ٫hһˣɰţةฮݶνĻʵ۶ЩʧЦݣõ÷·һеķա
˶
һһûˣҲ֪û裬һʳָ뵽ӣȽԼòʱ򣬲ſʼŪҡ
Ȼ󣬳ɫ⣬˵ɫùŹ
ݶİͻʵ۲ˤȥ
ڣʵ۵ЩŰϢˣ룬С֮ǰİٺ»
ǡ
һ˵ˣһĽûУѹÿνڻˣûһ¶ݵúܣţ磬һ죬ƶԲ·ˡ
Ȼǹٶ˵ڲͬ
һȻܣɿĳرǼӵɫôûֻ֣ص˻ʹСԺʱĸойڵĵطô֡
ֻϧλ̵סּȴܲˣҪǣΪĥܣ磩ôһˣʵ̫ˡ
ͣ
־һڣ˶
ȻԼе䡣


72 
ϣ Լٺǲ񣬿ɿôģýȥ ԣ һ˴ϣһֱʮֺͰ һֱӾͿ û˵ ֱӸһһ
һ˲ᣬٵ־ǰһƣ뷨ǺԼһģ Բ ¶ԷϿ佱ģҲʸ
־ﲻ׶Է˼ֻǣ  ˵ֱĥ ڵڴ
Ϊةฮܳǧ ˫ ҲܴӦʱӣ 𿴶Էھ£˶֪ӽ£Ը⼸λȨк̨ĻӣҲҪԡ
Ϊÿ¹ӵϣӢĻʵ۱£һҲ
ֻǣ硣
ԼҴ磬΢΢ҡͷסûڣվŵתȥ
Ȼڿ־ôɴ뿪¶ЦݣΪжԪӣҲɡ
ֻǱֹ֪֮֮ԼãΪԪϲһĥӶûУԼԿɫܹоʱܸˡ
Ҳһ֤ʵ뷨ǰҪĹڶŲͬѰĵλ
صһ䣬ӣ۾ˣΪĴҲͮͮģЦݲõؿˡ
Ǹعƣ۶գؿ佱ãֽˡ
ҲѣȻ޻ס˶䣬ӱǵıͿԿóɱǿࡣ
𣿡
Цдһ£¶һڽ׵ݣؿһٵĶӺϹ٫hǵĸ롣
㵯á
Ŀͷ˵⻰Ķϡ
Ϲ٫hŹƣʲôģνϲùڵʱΧܵĻա
֮Ҳš
㣬ҾһнĿռ䣬ǽٵʦ϶Ҫһһѧϰһ߸Ԫӵ١õҵͬʮж
ʵڲɵȲ˵ǵݼõû˵ÿ٣Աֵøһ㣬ԺҪ̸ΪֱǵһʦĻ
ãǾͳȥɫ
Ǯţ˶ЩǮ
֮ƿǵļƣ΢΢ЩͬԼҶܣɶǣƺŬҪЦӣֽķˣ˵׼ܻС
ȥ
Ԫ껷ŷòˣ֪ЧҲһʱϴϱӣ֮üӣǸд𣿡
ӦòܰԺӲͱӰռ
ҡͷֱӿżɽô˵ɣŲּˡ
֮һ㶣º͵ЦҲÿɬ
Ͷ֮䣬ѡ
ֹӣõİšϹ٫hȻô˵̬ȴǿӲ飬ܻף¹ùãͲȥ룬ڴةʱڳӴة൹ӣƻǳ
벻һ㣬ֻǣҲͬô
á
֮Ƶͷȸ֡
Ļû˵ֱ꣬Ӵϣˣֹӣ֪Ǻ⣬ǽò㣬סűȽϺá
š
֮ûǿ뿪֮ǰ׻ǲһ䣬ʲôҪҡ
ֻ⻰ȻͷıͿԿֻǿѡ
䣬Ҫȥ𣿡
ʡ
ҡͷԪӰɣԺ䡣£ȻЩԪҪӺܲܲܵġ
ǣϹ٫h˶Էһʡ
Ϲ٫h룬Ҹһȥɡ
ͷһӾ˶Է˼ǲնġ
㡣
ȴס֣̫ңÿ𶼺ѹ˵ʵڵģԻʹЩûˣǿ־壬˭ڶ֪Ū˭ôֶΣôеĵȵȣ˵Ǵε֪жʮʹ֮⣬ĻϾһ֪
ԣЩ£ЩҲԸ㡣
ģûôûá
Դɫѹ۵õ˲ЩޣֱƲͷǰ¶ˣϹ٫hЦҲʮǿ
ǡ
£ЩҪĸ㽫ˡ
Це˵ͬϹ٫hţδûĴ㣬Լӣôһôһֱţ֮ǰ룬ôǹ
Сĵ㡣
Ŷᶨı飬֪ѾˣԼ˵ٶҲûãֻǰϣŮ⻷ܹһţɵ
䡣
ĸԪǰ˵Ļ
һߣϹ٫h߳ةฮ˵ĵһ仰ǣϹ٫hҲġ
֪
ôĪһ仰Ϲ٫hȴ˼
Ȼ˵ҪǺ䣬ǱĻϹ٫hҲ˵ֶȴȫûжͱǷģĸӣǰλĻӡ
·ɡ
Ϲ٫hЦǲҲʲô
ͣ½ŲؿһƽΪȫûƣùʶĿֹϵ𣿡
ûϣˡ
Ϲ٫hҡͷȴûж˵֮ôʣǺ񣬺ùñǰĹЩ˼飬ȻҲͽǴѣϲùҲϣһֱůֵػš
ʹ﷢飬ڷһΣ뵽ùĥĻ棬˶壬ȻԴֱӱһ£·ʲôأ
׼
Ϲ٫hһҲ߳Ծūţȫ⡣
Ǻǡ
ȷʵ׼ƣǲΪģ·
˵һߡ
߰ɡϹ٫hǰ·
֮ȸֶзӣţΪӵûпķ
ܿ죬˾һǺܴ󣬵ʮ־µԺ䣬һȦ󣬾ֱӶվڵۣǮ
ʮ򡣡
Ϲ٫hû˵ʲôķӣǮҲ򲻵ģ֪λȱǮֱӸһߣҲļ۸
ƴֵ飬ֱͳһƱ˹ȥдҵ֣ȥ졣
Ϲ٫hӹƱͷ˵С¡
ǳȥɡ
Ŭ͸Ӱȫ
á
Ϲ٫h֪Ĵ㣬ȴûֹϣԼĸ֣ϾڵѾǰˣ˵ѾȨƵļŮ֮һ
룬־ڶԷķϣعʱ򣬻һ
ҪֵĻ飬ҪԸùãͱӵĺ
Щ꣬Ϲ٫hûиᣬϣĸܹùǰ㣬ֻǣӵĹ΢㣬ٴĿģˣȻվˣһһεʧ
ҲΪùúá
ڣĻᣬ½оųɻʧѾǰǸĻˣ


73  
ǰ Ϲ٫hû뷨
ԣҪСġ
š
Ϲ٫h鵹Ǻͬ û ǰĻӰæԸ˼ҵòã
Ȼ˵ ĸҲһ رʹӵ ҲͬӣΪϹ٫hϵõתͷȥԸ
Ǿ仰 Ҹ顣
ʮ˵
Ϲ٫hѹ ܻ᲻ܣǸţԼĿУ ҪϹ٫hҪöࡣ
 λܾǧģ˵һ˲ţ ˫ȫ Ըֺõû˵Ļӣ ڼʶˣ顣
š
һʺĹ٣ ̸ǮȻת뿪٣Ϲ٫hӣû˲֣ر
Ϻÿ·
ƯΣ黹
Ȼȥĵ̣óԵģ˵Ʒһ·鲻ۣǮ͵ʮЩԭʮָ˵ģɿŽϵĻӣɫЩס
Щɫ̿ڣʾǵƶܹ࣬ͻš
ãԼ
Ϲ٫hЦţѾ˲ٶЦ÷Σ߹š
ڷϵĵۣǺǣȫġ
緹ԵģŹ䣬ֱĹ뷿׵֣ͣ׼ȥةฮˣûţӭһλĿˡ
ʡ
Ϲ٫h
һ񣬺ڲû¹
ʵ۱£һܺá
˶ºֱӿ˵һ档
Ȼ
Ϲ٫hһҲ⣬뵽ǣѴľǰλƴ֣вûŵܺһʵӲƴĵز
䲻ٽˡ
˵
Ϲ٫hһߵͷ
֪
ʵ۱ûáޡʣѾ˵⣬ҾҪѡ
ðɣҲܹ黹ôһ˿뷨ڳ֮ǰϸվͭǰ۲ԼһȻȲʱ򣬿ɻǺģϲأ
鿴ǰĻʵۣ룬˵ϣ䲢ûйϵʼڻʹʱ򣬾ѾǸСԺˡ
⻰˼ԣѹͲ֮ǰǸͬŮӣûЩ䣬ȻҲ˵Ϻз֮ʵ֮ΨһϵǱ
֪
ʵһ£ͷ
Ѿµһ㣬ĴĿ֤ʵЩʧġ
Իʵ۱£Ϲ٫hǴˣˣ໰û˵ڣţԷ϶ףڶԷҪһ棬ҲûʸֹϾѡȨ
뿪֮ǰʵۿ飬˵飬񻹻ŵģֻˡ
ü
ʱһһᴦģһλչͱǷĵġȻ˵ɻʵʹ㣬󽫻ʵְλϹ٫hҲº֣ġ˵ףΪϣԼεľǱ䣬뵽Լ䣬Ҫ뿪ģ²Ϲ٫hẦͱ񣬿һأСӿǰƵġ
Ϲ٫h΢Ц⻰һҲ⡣
Ĺº󣬾ͲµϹ٫hֱʣô˵أףѡ񲻼ƽϣҲõϹ٫hδ꣬ĽڣοԼ
ȻϹ٫h̬䵭Ҳԭ棬ƨδ꣬ڻʹޣײ˾Ҫ
䣬úõعӾˣҪʲôΣգܵġ
ǻʵ뿪֮ǰ˵Ļ
鲢ûз˶֣ȻֵУϹ٫hʲôҲû˵߰ɡ
š
̾ԼҶٶȣϲ̵ŲİԼҶӺԪ껣һ˸߳ԺûãһˣʮƯҲܸ߹ֻһе㲻ദ
ŵضűֵ󣬲ſʵλӣҪԪȥ
ߡ
һͷƫһߣŮ˵
ةˣ̫ҽ˼ӻһĿϹ٫h˵۾գЦݣȫ˵Ķ͵ǵ׽á
Ļӡ
ةһ׽Ϊʲôÿӣһҧгݵģ׿ϵ˵Ҳ̣ô͸첲գƫһӡ
Ҫ˵ةˣڵة࣬ûа㲻ȻҲǸĸ֮ý֮ԣڶ֮ǰʵϾѾȷģҸۡ
ֱةͻȻһӣǸʱ˶µġ
๫ǺЦһͰֱڿ๫Լ׶Ů˵Ҫúչ˵ܵܣ磩ʱֱӶԼ๫ͷ
๫֮ҪʮԪȴʮֵݳ谮๫˵ϲԪ껣Ż᲻úõؽ֮ˣ๫۰᲻ί
ڣԪƻ˾õĻ£֮ƺ;ôԪ껾ܿóة˽жɹ˵һ첻ˣܹ֮չԪ껡
ƾʲô
ԼҶӵһжǿԼŬģΪʲôҪչǸϡ
İΪԪ껶ò๫ΪԪ껶İйص飬·ͱһˣһ˫ŮǸӸõúû
Ϊʲôһĸܡ
ԣةһ㶼ãԪʲôģ๫ǰţŮ᲻жֻҪлᣬԥؽȥ
֮ǰһֱûлᣬûз쿪ۣԪԼҪ๫ıô᲻ȫء
˭뵽Ԫ껵ôˡ
Ļӣּҵˣֵؽߣпǹҵĸ𣿡
ةһ˵
Ǹ
Ϲ٫hֻ˵ô֣˼ʮԣ֪ΪôּңһС
ãõúܡ
ة˿ɫЩס
俴ţоʱҪιȥһ㡣
λةȻܸǿȻĻִˣóʥּ򣬽˭Ҳ뽫Ԫ껴ߡ˵꣬һӣ໥ͽΧסҪܳŪԪ껾ͺˡ

˵ʵڵģҪ˴ڵжӪ䶼ˣϲǿŮˡ
ֻǣة˴һ㣬λУӴһʼע˲ܼ̳лλԣûʲôȨƣͱĻһĻǱԵһԣةҲˣδĸȨƵĻӷ
Ȼ
ԼҺӵĻȴֱӰεΪǽӵΣӵв͵ش
ÿ
ԼѪةʮֲͷ˵
ʵϣЩ벻ףة˲ԪѾֵʮԣԪ뿪ةฮúΪһЩۣίԼһд̷ڸǰǲ
ԣ˵ة˴֪ŪԪӡ
УڵԪӴúܣһҪ׼ٵشԪ뿪ةฮ˳ˡ


74 
ةǱã Ѿ꣬ȴɷ棬һɫ³ۣ°ż һѱ ӡ󵹲һة࣬ ｭڵʿ
ĲӱƽҪ죬 Ҫ ѾǵһΣة˵Ļ۵õѪôԪǸһ飬ҪŰڡ
ĵǣ ֮ˣ ñ˻飬ôС
ôҶĶӲ
ƽʱã Ȼۣ ྴûģֻÿԪ껵飬 ة˾ͻü̱̿ Ъ˹ Žʲôģ׿ ͺѹ֣ȴǴ˼Ťıһ㡣
ة΢΢üû˵ֱվةǰӣԪ껾ʱ鷳չˣпջȥģʲôҪɸةฮҾǡ
ԴԪ껻һʱ˾õĻº󣬷ϣϵƽԸά֣ĴΰжԪ֣Ҫʱֹ²ǶӶǷ˱ؽΡ
Ҫ֪ӿסԪ껵ԺҪǱߵ˲鵽ʳж»ʵ֪˰ĶԪ껣ҲŹ˵ģӣһػŵġ
˽ģԴӽةǷĵģ˺Ԫ껷ֿӦȫķˡ
ةһܵЦݣöԷеԣȴͣةฮЩϣʮԡ
¡
ةЩ
ةҡҡ׹Ůˣ䶼̲סͬةӡ󲻶ϵµھģ׾ة࣬ҪˣûةŪ˵ĺģһŵһУԲаԥġ
ة˵ӣ»ةమȻͲѹ
ô룬һҲû˵Լߵ˿ٵ뿪
ǲ֪־ú֮ƸϹʱ򣬸պÿة˵µһĻةۼֿؽ˷סȥ򡣡
ߴ־úۿڴϣѪɫַˣһ̣Ԫ껵ĺڲϵµ飬Ҫ˵һ㶼⣬ǲܵģѡˡ
ˣѾݵò㵽ôģ
ȰȰ
ة̾˵
֮û˵üͷԿóͬܡ
Ϊʲô
־̲סʳһֱʵ⣬ѲȲһ𣿡
ΪʲôҪȣ
ة࿴Ů
־⻰ǼʧҲ˵Һ͸ټ˶Ȳ϶𣿡
á
֮Ʋͬ
˭֪һֱѹԼ־ãȴͻȻرứµ磬ҷ㻹ǵڶûг֮ǰǼжҸ𣿡
Ϊ磬˶ᣬΪ磬˶ί
־ÿة࣬ҺʹúõظദˣأеûУô֪ҺͶľĸ飬ƫƫҪ͵
ˡ
ة࿴ŮǲܣǣҲȶֵġ

־ŮˣȻףĴڣ˵ζʲôô˵ͻȻﲻֵ
ҴûҪҪԪ껶ãԪ껽Բѣһһ˵ﵽжٴζԪ𣿡
ǿӲة࣬־ɫף죬ȴһֶ˵ԼҴ磬ȴԼҡͷþ͸ˡ
ڣԪѾƳةฮˣĻ˵ةͣһ£ž˵Ҫ黹飬ҶԸǣҲš
˵⻰ֱӴ뿪
֮ƣ˰Ѿة˶𾪵òУة飬ȫûϵġ
ˣˣ˵ֻ
֮ưο־ã֪ѾΪ˲ѿûкɱ۾˵
Ϊʲô
־ÿȫĴ磬ŵˡ
ãΪܵ飬͵ˣֻѵԽԽԶһЩ飬֮ԼĲ²⣬ȴûãϸ룬йضܵ⣬һ㲻ģڶѾ뿪ˣǺοپŲء
磬Ǳߵģ
ϣ־֪˵ûڸϣȴܲˡ
˶֪ةҵһ˫׶Ůεĳɫֻڸ˲ôŬȲ£ʲôʲôԪ껡
ʣһңӹñȵӵŮҪʵġ
ΪʲôҪմأ
ô룬֮ȴ˵վ˵𣿡
ּҵ飬һ㶼զ¼ʰã춼Ѿˡ
ζ˱ǵķˣ伸ֱӿԡ
ͬڷԱߵԪ껲û˹ܡ
䱾Լһ߳һ߸ιģɶ˵ˣʳ߶ӶˣܻŬ۾ġ
Ҳԡ
ԪЩˣֻܸϵĴ̼ԼϵĹؼػҪԼ
ǣ˳Ե磬Ԫֻľ㶵š
ڸźλӵūſţмֲġ
ԪӣҪʲô
ԱԺſʵ
ϲġϹ٫hȿڣʵϣȫ֪Ԫ껵ĿζֻԼʳնģڼ仹Ըˣŵǡ
ɻؿԼҵܵܣô֪Ԫϲġ
ûһ㻳ˣϾԪϲǺ«
ǣһϣԪ껳һӵ࣬ȵʱ򣬡Ԫüˡ
ϣ׼ʲࡣ
ãϹ٫hЩ죬Ȼˣ붼ûͶ˷Ը
ǡ
ؿڡ
㣬Сhôˣܾڴʲô⣬ֻǣ˵䲻ֱ˵ǶͳԲοһɲСhڣԣֻﻳɣʳĻҲʮֵί
ͬĸоЦŵСhĶ̣ÿֲӡ
¡
ͬʱ˵
´ҴҵؿʼԪ껵٣һΣҲˡ
죬Ϲ٫h˶ڸûгš
̫ҽ㲻˵ԪѾת𣿡ɫǰãûٶܳһԪӣԭΪ˼ѹȴû뵽̫ҽĽɲô롣
ü
Ϲ٫hԪ껵ˣùÿôźţȻ
治˵
̫ҽüͷڣѹҲпһӶѲ
û˵
ʱ¶һ˿Цݣ̫ҽ鷳ˣ취
ô˵۾һϲľԼҶ¶أԵģ
Ҳڻȥĥĥ̫ҽ˵뿪ˡ
㣬ǲа취ˣ
ʡ
ֻǸصͷû˵


75 
ڶ緹ʱ
Ժú ꣬ĸԪι䣬˵䣬ҳȥ
á
ûж룬 ֱӵͷ
ǰѣ úôһ¡
⻰ͷ 飬 ѯʵΪʲô
Ϊʱ £ûйҵȾԵҲȫɫʳƷټûеӲƷ ûиַḻʵҹ ϢʮֹɵƤĺõˮ
ҲΪȫû֬ںĶ ڵ ഺˣ ȫҪ
ҲСˣ ҾÿԿʼɫˡ
˵ ɫ࣬Ԫʮϸ΢Ķ Ǻǣʾȫûп
Ҷ㡣
ѵԸ飬ϾڶӶˡ
д㡣
һɫңҰ㡣룬˵뵽ŮԼˣӣã̫߳ǲյһеģϾ־Ͳԡ
鱾Ϊ˴̼Ԫ껣ô˵һ£ûзԡ
ԼҶĬˣֱӽеݸ˺ˣȻ󣬴һŰЦݣ㣬ϲʲôģ
ٴγĬ
Ԫ껵Ϊܸˣֻǣܲ
ֻϧһֱĶµ䣬ԷɿԺǽһ²ȫ䵭˵ࡣ
תӣϲƯģǡ
ȵȣ
û˵꣬ʹƯݹİɡ
ССͶʲô
˵⻰ֱӽʵͣϹ٫hϣ˭Ưǿģ㿴СhѵƯ
Լҵܵܣ˵ԵĻ
Ϲ٫hĿί
ϲûһӺšɨһۣز
Сhģ϶ϲһġ
ЦŰοϹ٫hȴһҲûиоܣ϶ϲ˵ǶﲻϲùͬҲϲ
۾ģǴֿ񲻾Сڵģ˵۾Ŀɰģ
Ϲ٫hգۣԭӵĳ࣬ùãİǱȽϺ棬ϲһġ
ͣ
ֱӴϣԺԱʱһԱ߼ලĶʲô߰ĶҲˣԽ˵ԽףֻעҪںصġ
䵹ǲ⣬ԼҶģţҪȴǲ֡
СhñӼ
ߵС˳ȥܿһӺëʹ

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76 
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Ҫٵ죬 ׼׼
Сhôоûô졣
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77  
ĵǺܲģ ӺĻϳ˵ġ
ֻǣ ʲôȲ˵ЦԲĹһߵĻӣЦôҲô֪ģ ϶Ļӵĳ谮治Ǽٵģֻǣϲã
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ֵ˵õĻԼҶӻʱ򣬶ûг˵ʲô룬϶ô𣬼Ȼˣĸ͸Ӳȥˡ


78 
Ǳ񲻹Ԫӣ ʵϣ ֮ǰ˵ĻֻҪԪӿڣܰģ϶ǲƴǵģֻǣ һǳ֪֮ЩǳҪӵĸ飬ʡ
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