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跭
ҵĿ촩ߣǵ򹷡
ֳֺõĻû˸ɣȴΪ˽ҵɵ÷ˮ
ǰҵһҪ֮µĪ⣡
ֻҵҪ׷ҪɶҸɶĪ⣡

ȳõ𣬻û죬ֱˡ
˵ÿ򹷵λǶڻˣ/ǿ/˻exm
ûûֻн𳤵óÿԶ֪Xﳬϲǲ᳡

תɽٵX绨ƿСӣ
ǰǴ񼫺ãȴںˣٺ˳ǵļ硣׷Īص磬˼ĳȴѾˡ
ڰXǮԴ˴ܣ
ײΣ̳ţűȺǻţ·ʱķڴܳ˵ԸǮԴŵӻ£ɲɣһЦˡ
˺󳯴ǶͷΣƴӣѾվ綥˵ĴڣԭΪǻƤ£˭֪ȴɴˡ
ǣ˵߾ߣ
ҳߵĸӰ۹Xò/ܣ
 ǰǸǮԴֻĮһţڳȥ˵ֻ챻ڡtcl
ܹܰXǣ
ǰ֪ԼǸÿ쾤ҵҵÿ꺮ůְڳֻ֣İ컳ǲǱ

ʾ
Ӧòֹ⼸İ˳Ҳʵʵ˳
ɫ۲ۣΪ
Īıʣնȣϲ͵
ݱǩ ж 촩  ˬ 

ؼ֣ǣ  ǣԤģҳжͷİ¹⡷   

һ仰飺ֻΪ˽ҵ


1 Ҳ˼䣨һ
ҵǻƵСȢˣȢĻǸޣ
ݵն׷׸пǳҵСӡ
ҵСǽݰཻഫԭֻСӵĻ¼治٣Ǹ෹ľѻ⡣
ǽݵĶңڽ̾꣬˲űа֮ʿ֮˭֪һôɫ
С޶ۣųΪõķӣձ㱻ˡ˺󳯼ҲģؽλӣǼ£ϲڳǰεʮоŴζײӳҴų·ӡ
ȥҲûзԸˡӲǶǼ֮ͽֻСޱͰˣʦ
ѷߺСӾͰĻҵڽݵϱһҶݺͶжݣСÿ¶Ҫȥʮذ˻ءʱ䲻ڽͷаŮ¥һȺѻƵء
СǸɫ֮ͽδȢԺ˸С檣ݣǧ˰̬
ǰЩСѪһȥԣʱȴһ˵ӣ󳳴ֵ˵ҪȢΪޡ
֮ˣ·ˣδпߡ˵Ѱһһ㶵ģɫֻǶȻҲ鲻ȥҪȻľ˵СҲڷǴ˲Ȣ
ǱʮһпȢ޵ķףʱˣرС⳯Сӻǽһ˵ҪȢ޵ӡ
ֻǳ簮ӣԭͬ⣬Сһ޶ϵգұЭˡ
ӦСӵҪ󣬽ܹĵ׼ŴˣҪ졣
ǿƵСӡ
ҲʵΡ
Ǹְҵ촩ߣλ
λ沢һȻγɵλ棬ΪάָȶΪٳһλ档
񳯴ˣΪάȶӸָ񡪡Ȼλ淢ЩΪάλȶ촩ߵĿľ͸ˡ
ûôе룬촩ߴΪְҵнýߡ
λȻܶˣǱЩ˼ǧĴ˵ҲֻǸˡȻɣǱȴߡЩģ䷢һֵ
ܸߣȴûʲô˽ӡ
ϸһ֣ĹͬǸÿ֮ӵ򹷡
Ȼ岻˵ôֱףǼ򵥵عһ¶ѡ
ֳֺõĻû˸ɺǿȴǰһ
·𿴵ԼΪλһ
˲ȫ̸оѶȣ𻹸ߣ˰ˡ
֮һ
ҪĶнҢλУϹս߳ɱ񣬷ŵҲպգ˸ǡ˵ԭȫû|ɫϲ|ԣ׷µ⣬ʲôġ
վĶˣҲԴ
Ƕɸֽ٣˵Ǽҳ㷹ˡĳҢͻȻӦԼڼ˾ɾ£˾ɾ˵һٽ·ɽ١
Ң鷳˾ɾҲ͸˵ʵڲУӡȥװ˶ɽҲС
·óΪһ޸ĸĲӡҢԼȫˣְ˴룬һСֵɽȥˡ
ͱǼˡ
ҪݵǸҴܳӡձеĹŴᣬȴѵõ氮һšӣʱһˡ
Сͳˮÿִ꣬һֱܼ˵ĳ谮ˣϵʹôСûӳˡ
ǰˡ
ȳСӳʮʱ򣬺Ժݺݺˡϵˣ޻ûȢô߰ʲô
˵Ҳš⽾ݵСӣÿ˵䲻ϵҲȥˡ
ĳǳԣ˵ԣʵ̤ࡣʿȥ⣬԰ȦȦĻһѺѡ
ĺ˵һ˼ûУ⽿賤ķСӿҪͶˡȫҲĸֻ֣гǻһûþͺϢˡ
óǳһСпµһĨɫӰ
ǰˣȥŤͷԹ˵
ĽҰĻˣϡ档Ĵźɫĸߴüߣȥơ
ΪᣬǸһɺϵõġ
һǴƽžиˣ
ǰԼĽҢ
ҢʱԼڵеԼӲԼһʱ°ѪЩˡ
ڳǵ˿òȴ
ġ»ôÿˣ
ǰ֮ѻƵīİ𣬽üޣͦı±΢򡣰߰Ѫڰ÷þĶǡ
źɫĳǵһӱģ۾һӱڷ˺ƲֱüΪǡæǰʵްɣ
仰˻񣬶ʱ˵ɫЩ΢ؿ˳ǡ
ǰΪòѾǾѰˣû뵽ﻹʤһġ
ɴܡ
Ƥ࣬Ѿ޿ˡݳGһ˫˵һȴ͸è޹۵Ҳһ˿覴õƤĵǺ촽ȾѪi˫
ԼԼòһ¶Լûŵģ֪ԼȺΨհΪǳҹ⣬ΪòҲ
˵ʤһ˵òʲôȱݣֻӿƲΣȴΡɽĪԨָо˵ȴڿӵһʱͳС
֮ڴˣǵɫ֮գܹ̫ࡣ
òҢӦһ˵ƹأԿˡ
Ǻãȥ򣡡ǶԼԵĻ˵
һλȥѰ󣬳Ңϸ첲ϸȣ˱ЩһģΧĻæǰ
ͬǼ״Ҳ֣ɫˣҲҪע尡
ɨ˵һۣۺŭǵЦһš
ǱȥˣֻܷŽҢֳŽҢָ⾢ֽʵߣǺ˶⡣
̲סĦ˼¡
Ңһ١
ΪʧѪͷЩֻǻͷɨ˳һۡ
õǺòݰףһɲһëûķˣһḡɫ̬֮
Լ٣
ѡ˵ı׼˻ɡ
˾ΣҢʵҲںûʲô٣ֻһӦ
ǸݰҲãĽ١
ҢԼһۣ֪Լͻնˡ
һٺ󣬻̲ס˰ѡ
ָá
Լڿͺ󣬳Ǳڨڨջ֡ڴʱѾѽҢ
ַm..  ...



2 Ҳ˼䣨
ǰѽҢ˼ҡ
û󣬾ȥϵ˵ҪȢҢ
ϵʹ磺
ǷһȷǲڿЦ󣬾ͷˣͬ⡣
ԺǶݺݺˣһ˾Ҫʲô¶
Ҳжôƣ˵ˣˣȴƳԼнҢ⣬ʲô벻ˡ˵Ϻ˵ػʧ֢֮Ҳ޿ܣôһ׵ˣܳΪǳҵĵޣ
䳤һ֮òȴ˵첻㣬ܺҲûͷˡ㾫ϸҲһಡ⻹뵱Сǵޣ
⣿
/粻Ӧ
ĥϵʹһˣһ޶ϵǾʳڰϵʹŪˡ
ҪǻңܰⲻТȸۣȥùҹڳң׵ô꣬ҲָʲôϢջǴӦˡ
õ˸ֵ׿Ϻ󣬳һ߸ȥԺ˽Ң
˳ܵԼҢŵԺӣ˴䲻󣬵貼öϸޱȣݶǸƷ֡
߹Ժӵǰͥƿţŵ˵Ңڲùڳʪ䣬Դ˼δȼѬ㣬ֻǰϡ
˴ɹҲѣҲΨд磬ʱӴ󿪣΢ȵңھҵĳյһš
Ңʱϣ޳ִһ±ţ˽ݵĽŲҲû̧ͷ
ʱһͷıͲͶ˾ĶǵӰµ°ںʹضߣǰҲҪѷɫ֡
ǼҢûߵ´ȡ˼멺ڨڨߵҢǰ˴멡
ֺ˶⣬ϸ붬Ҳɴ⡣Ң㿿Ŵɴ˵
Ң飬̧ۿ˳һۣȴʲô
ûҢ䵭˵ҢĪڴ˴ˣȥҩòã
Ң££ڼͷĴ멣޵ĺЦ
ԼĪǳ˲Ҫҩ͡
ڨڨǱȪĵͳɤŪļⷢ
ǺƤŽҢ˽ɴʣȥݡ
ҩɴǺԽҢ˵ҢЩ°ɣ˵ҩɵ󲻵á
СӼ죬ػ֪߳ܣȴҲûĴο
ҢЩЦҲ⡣
ⲻǸˣǺǻҢۡ˵ϲҲѡ
ҢûŤ˴ϣ£¶ͷͺ󱳡
ļıʯᴥ΢
类˺ɴŨصҩζϲţϵд΢࣬˳ԡ
СĵĽɴ£м˵Ƥʱ־ָⷢ
ɴºǵ˰ٴγڳǵǰᴩޱȺˡȻ񾭹յѾ裬ɲǰѪģɼǵģֳڳС
֪ĸ쵰˶ԴҢǰҢǵˣҷҪҪúýѵһ٣̣̲סĹĵ˵
˵÷ҩĶȴޱᡣҢֻñ˴һʹҲࡣ
Ң̧̧ü
ʲôˣ粿ĵԼġ
С治Ƿ罿Сӣֻ˵Ҫѵǳôֻûɱ
Ңǳ޹񣬵һѹħϹŴҵʲôöֻҳȾѪĻﶼѡ
뵽⣬ɶħӡͻȻЩ͡
תͷƳСĸҩĳһۡ
̧ͷһ˫ɫ͸һۣôˣŪ۰Ң𣿡
СģִԼûзŴ
ޡҢת˻ȥ
Щν٣Щص硣

˵Ļڱŵú硣ʦڣļҲҪº󣬳ȴµѮҲǺӡڲһ¡
ǾǺӣȲɻ顣
˿ЦãִˣʦҲ˵㲻ϵȵļգҲ޲֮Ҳˡ
ȢޣҲְˡ
ŻڽҲʼææ⣬ϵ״֪ԼǸοΣ⻹⺢ӵһΰæЩ¡
Ȼ˵񱾾¡
ææȥҢҲȥڿ죬ǰæȻ죬ϻ缱ǵȥҢԺ
ҲʹһʱҢҩ˵˵ʱ̱뿪ˡ
ҢЩ棬СɫôӣСӻƤԺ˯ء
˾䣬ȴСǺ˵ǻδɻ飬һʱ
û뵽Сӿźɫˣȴ˱ء
Ң˳һۣ˴ɫ£ԽĵʤѩݰסһէһˣʵϲԲɫͫȥһֻèЩӤʡ
ôǸδѵСëѧЩͽӵë
ҢЩʧЦ
ȢȢ޵ϰף˵Ң볯ҵţҲû˼ҵ˼
գ˾ǴһɺۡҢʧ䣬ڽݸұðһլۡձýҢլۡ
ʱСһۣǣͷ˿дŸˡ
ҢЩ⣬СӴǰ޽Ǽһ棬ˣ
˵ףΪɫࡣ
˰ݹú󣬳ǸЩֶˡϷź󣬻ڲǰĽҢǹɺ˳׵˷ܺ͸Ȼȥӿѹġ
Щͬͬŵߵǰ£ֺҴЩӵݵ˽ҢǰҢһ˰ɣԵ㶫ɡ
ҵĻϴڣ˶ûԹʲô
Ңһ㳢һڣʵ㲻
ҡҲǿĿİ˵ӶǷϣĻ˵϶
Ңȴ˿ӦҲδʳ԰ɡ
κؽӹǿ㣬ֳһɵЦ
⻹ǰҢһζʾġ
ǹְҢϾƽʱҲˣ˭Ҳ֣ҢҲûʲôطܹ
˿ͻȻˣǸоԼκģǲ޻ϡ
鱻Ңùĸ㣬ҧһڣֻñԵĸ㶼Ҫַm..  ...



3 Ҳ˼䣨
ſ˰죬ⱲûԹöһ
꣬ҢҲ˹Լֲøɾˡ
ֻһ㣬Ѿ޷ӹڷҵҵθķӦҲ˲ϳԶˡֱֻؿŽҢź˼ֲ˵
ˣҢ̧ۣЦ
ûСʲôȻ|ҢϲԼܺ|֧䣬һ|Ҫ˽䣬ֻСܲס
ֻСһ£СҲúܡ
ɫҲˣǡǾ;ްɡǽͰ͵˵
Ңߵߣ⽫Լϲ£һߡ
ѩ׵ĳƳɣĲüߴͦεĹյһšǳһۣ־ö̡ⷢ
Ҳߵ˽ȥ˴
ѾǼ˴߽ڵĵƣֻһյ
Ȼֻ޵ůɫҡҷ
תͷҢоƺࡣ
ǰԼҢŲŲ
Ңɫֱ治ʲô͵ĹҲƺҲԵּ顣ǹһĨǳЦ⣬תִ˳ɢڱϵһڷ
ͽȻ
ȴǺƿ֧֧ȡ¡
ҢһüЩˡ
СɫǧΣ¶ôôٵͷˣ
ڣȴ޴С˵Ң˻ûá¡һʱ
Ңͷ˿Լϵ˿ڡ
ǴسҲˣȻСҲ޴󰭣СӾȻ
̫ˣ˰ҢͲˡǽ͵˵Ң޴󰭣зȾϷ纮ȡ
ҢɫʱЩ΢
СӵĿǣǻԼλˣ
ϸ˷Сӡ
ŵԼ°ͣţ
ҲΪͶŭ˳Ļ㡭
ǰҢԡԸ𣿡½ҢܾǼеʡ˵˸ͷԼǺ

ҢûӦ
˵ǧ겻Ϊ壬Ң|ⷽ˽Ŀɲȷ١ЩͬĶ|֮¿˾ռߣ˵ⶼ߳ܵ¡
ҢҲսħ磬ѪڸǵĽķʱþˣҰ|Ŀǡ
˴ʱ˵仰ҢΪѰζ
ǡҿԣҢ𣿡
ҢЦô
̲סԼĶ⣬ҢҪ˳ŶĻ깴ˣ
˺һŷӦҢûоܾ
һ˫è۶ʱأڰ֣Ң½
½󱻳ϸ΢⣬ĺϸ΢ҢȴЩúЩ
˫ֺܰ𪣬Өİףָ޳ָױ޼Բ롣Ư̴˵ۣȥҲһƱܽϸܵ£ס
̽˽ȥӴ˱Ƥʱ紥˻ȥ
ҢüƺЩ
ŵʿˮٴ̽룬ֱȫӴ˽Ңš
èؿڣƺвͬ
ܶһ˿ϸ壬ָѪҺʵ˿̵Ľš
Ǹܵģǰ֮ƽбĴС
Ңûж̽
Ȼ󳯴ǵͣ˽Ңҵλãظܵ˵ĸ
Ǹλһͨ˫ԽԽ졣˵ʱŻһ͵ջ֣ԵıӰԼ˶˽ȥ
ҢЩ⣬Щ˵ĸܡ
С˵ĸ
ǸС
СڸߵĸоУҢۡ
Դ󲿷˵ǲܵ飬ǶԽҢȴû̫ѡΪУħϡ
⻹ǧһα|
Ū٣ȫȻû
Ң֧𣬽ԼǾӸµؿһűӣɤʣ𣿡
űӼ޵ݰԭع˹հɣ
Ңѱ˰˳˫պʧЦô߰
ĵġ
ǰԼͷ˽ҢţʱˣҢ˯ɡ
Ƶġģڸ
ʲôӶôСѧͽӡ
Ң΢С䡣
˯ɡ
˵

Ң볯ǳɻ󣬾ʹסԭԺӱ䵽˳ҸްŵԺУǰսСҲҪÿ糿ȥҢ밲
һα⼸ʮ밲ʱǾڽҢԱߡ˽Ңһۣ˵ɫЩ
Ңôˣǳ˳Ң䣬Сʡ
ܵĵط𣿡
ҢƳԵһۣЦЦǰôû˵Ժôˣ
Ҫ˵𣿡ɫԽԣǵҲԽԽС󼸲š
ȥɡҢһȺ˵
ǸˡСǷ׷ˡ
ʱǻ˳׼һ˭֪һ˾ˡ
˳ξ˫Ҳۣ˵ɫ԰ףһȴɽħֻһۣηͳ֮С
⻹ɶˣ
ɾôޡû
ôҲѹסӰ
Сǵ˼ǲ֪Ҳû˼֪˿̹עֻԼҰҢƺˡ
Ң𣿡һ˫۾Щµʡ
ޡҢָ糣
̸
һֱǣҢͻȻڡ
ƺɻˣǰҢô
ûСҢ˵
Ȼǲ޴ҲýǸ߰ɡҢɫԽӣ˵Ƕǿˡ
㻹ͦϧ񡣡Ңջ˵
ԼʱƺЩˬ
Сӻʲô
޿һȺԵλ׼
СӼһ۾͵ʲôһȢԭΪСǸɵӣ˭Ǹӡ
Ңִ豭ʳָĴָĦűأɫѱ档
ϢƺҲԽԶ

ǶԽҢͻȻǸ㲻Ϊʲôֻ֪ҢƺϲЩҡ
ҢҲֻһ죬֮ˡ
ֻǺҢҢˡ
ѵ
׼ȥԼҴ硣
糯ܵǰԲļ仰󣬵˲ǽҢԵθܵܰɫ
ǸĲӣӣ͵ˣ
ЦȴɫظԼʲôĵܵ˵ǽҢϲ˶ࡣ
ַܵȥƭˣҪЦԴʲô֪ĳǣˡ
룬ȻͷԸЩǣ֮밲ȡ˰ɡַm..  ...



4 Ҳ˼䣨ģ
Ңû
ǻܵڿ졣
ҢҲһܷš
Ĵ޸棬ͷױƵȥҽҢ
ƩлϺůƳɵһ壬ǻصѧ˼壬ȻƨƨߵȥҽҢ⸱ϣŸԷ塣
Ȼǲض˵䣬ðһˣҢ㶼ҡ
Ңü˼ǲǸͨˣѾ˰˷֡㣬Գֻʱѧ˼ѡ֣ȷ䶼ѡ
ղУƷѡҢ˳ųǣִٴһӡ
һԳǵܸա
ҲܣҢ⳥ңǿԼһ֣µҲѧ˼찡
⳥Ң۶̧һ£ʵ
ͷҢ㲻ٸˣ˵
ԣҢһ㶡
ЯһĨЦ⣬˵ûϷʡ
Щ檡ͬҢ
գСʲôɬۡһ檵ʵȴìܡ֪ϷŪ
ͬս˵ǡǡ
СûУҢͳ
ô᣿ֲϲǡ˫Ѿ죬ҵذ֡
ϲǣҢظһ飬Ϊǣ
ǳúÿګګ˵
ҳɻ飬ҲΪҳúÿҲϲңҢԽͳ
ǲǡæͣϲҢġǶ˵˵檣ǰ˼ЦҡҾѰЩ׵Ůӡ
ȥʮ꣬ڹŴСˣսʮӴ඼кˡ綼ûЩѾ˵Цһ֮¾ѰЩŮɽ˺Ժ
˺úÿҵŮҲԺУֲһȺÿ˴ںԺĿѽ
ҢԣڳҲ˵㲻ͬ
ǵͷ
ͬ޹ôǳһ㣿
ҡͷûûУֻϲҢһ
㲻ǲɢǱˣԺȥǡҢ˵Ļұ㲻㡣
Ƿҡͷ
ҢߵЦƺЩ
ԼСǶ黹Ǵ飬ʵû̫ϵ
ԭţķʱ䣬Щ١
ɼȻСˣ˳һʡ
˭֪ôΪͬ
Ȼ˵ΪʲôǽҢȷöˡ

ʮһݣ˵ΪݣʵΪй֮ʵ
аһͳȻã󣬰ֱΪʵ
꣬ìܲϣս𣬻Ҹһսб׸
ħ˼
ķһ壬ս׷ɣݽ档
ڳңһжˡǲµСүֻҪÿȥղˣ취˵ĻģʱʱһɹȥĴ֣ȫˡ
ڴ£ڱķվǲһ
Ң볯ǳɻغϻݽݣɳʮִʮ
ΪҡգҵôҪսҲսңԭ볯޹ء
Ǳ롣
ȴУҪս
ǲ⣬ҲԸֳ뿪ǼҢˣÿոڳߣȰ˵װϣԼֳܷһͷ
ǴǣϻݴˣҲΡȥ˱߾Ǿһˡ
ϵôֳصذ˽йȥȥųˡ
ڼҪ׼ȥˣߵȷҡ
˵ֳǸϵˣˡ
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Ҫȥսһ·ҲΪᡭ㳲֮ѣ᲻ãҲá
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ȥȥģ

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ȵȣ˵ҢǵôϰҢ
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˲ɽգҽҢҲĲ
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ЩӵĻƣͷ¹Ǯ롣мΣ߹Ǯַm..  ...



5 Ҳ˼䣨壩
ձãҲûȥޣҲ˵شӦˡ
Ѿ˳Կ׼һûԹࡢʮ˽賤Сүٶ׼͵ȥײ˸ɵĴʹӻʵ̫ˡ
ȻЩΪƣѧЩǳĳգҲֻǿڣԶԶﲻ¥ı׼¥ˮϴղ񡣳ǵһ֪һͰװˮˮͰôءˣͱճѪۣԼ֪Ҳûʱ鿴ֻͷȥһ
۵òУݽֱҲۡ
ˮһԼϴ룬ϴװٸ룬ʱǳڱǳСѩʱˡ
էһˮУһ̹ǵıϴһʱһ˫ֱͨ죬ʧȥ֪
һ칤꣬Ҫˮ˵浹ųصˮˮʱ۵òеȽٴν
һ·̣ƺŲڴ򻬡
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Ŵŵص䣬ܿƵڳҭ
Լûʲôÿ޵ġ
УֵǮľʧȥ˵ʹ磬ΨбȫԼͰҢ
һĻƺ󣬳ǻصҢס
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Ңͱٹǧ꣬Щʳǿ񻯣ǾЩʳʡ
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ҢɫЩӡ
ǰСǻʳã۳Ⱥ˭Ҳ˳İ֡

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ɡ
δԼΪһ˶֮ġ
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ҵӣչ쾭顭Ժ⻰˵Ϊ࣬һ̬Ң˵
˵־Լ˵ˣæǰŽҢ£ο֪ΪҺãҳԿࡣаҢҳԿҲǸ˵ġ㲻ߣҲ֪ĵطԿ࣬ҾǰǰүӣҲ˵ġ
Ңؿû˵
ȴ۾ЦҢ벹ң͸һºòã
˵Ңһ࣬ȴǶޡҲܵóѡ
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۾һඣ㲻׼ڣ
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ҢЩ˯ɣ͸Щϲ⡣
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ڶͻȻһ󼲷룬Ἧ
Բǧȷ
ǻͷȴվһˡ
Ϥİַm..  ...



6 Ҳ˼䣨
ݺӰǳϤˣȴ˼ı仯ɫΪ˽
վڳ󣬼ͦɽǼǸز˲һ
ǼӴ˿гֵУǿЦҢ۾ôͻȻɽɫˣ
ǿڡ
˿ȴҴҴһˡ˿ɫҴңŶЩңȴ»ò
˾Ңˣڵôˣ
ϣħˣҼ磡˾ɾæ
Ѿ֪ˡҢüû˵ֻǽĿһɫЩ㶵ĳϡ
˳ŽҢ˾ɾҲע⵽˳ǣʱȻæϲصģ˷䲻ԲҲˣʱȥҲ޷۱˲֪ͨ
֮ĶԻƺҲԼʲô
ϡħ硱ۡ١ٽϽҢͻȻֺԳʧ䣬ڵı仯
ҢЩԼ˼룬ҵǰһס˽Ң䡣
ǰ㡣ҢҲǷˣΪΪҰһ١ħƣڼұˡ
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е˶սΨһͷǰҢһҪúչ˰ҢǰҢĲֻҪõϸչ˺͵пָܻжްĳ̶ȵġ
ٿѣҲͷҲÿࡣ
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ҢҢ㲻ҪĨҵļ䡭Σ磬ҲҲ㡭ֻ㲻ҪĨҵļ䡭߬ŽҢ䣬ˮܿƵص䣬޵ýʧ
˾ɾֻ̧ڰУȴûʩ䣬ֻΪѵؿŽҢ
ȻֻǸˣϾǽҢٵĶôҢ϶ԳһЩ飬ûнҢͬ⣬˾ɾҲԽô
Ңȴûжҡؿ˾ɾһְۣɡ
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˾ɾ˵ԼҲ߳ӡ
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ǴӴ˦˦ͷԼϵͳ˳
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˰ɣѾϰٸˣȼٻûȼ죬Ǿû԰Υ˰ɣǿǩ˺ͬģҪȥͶߣǷ߷ߵ
Ϊÿʱٶһ޷ͳһʱԿ촩ǶáꡱߡաԼʱ䡣
ǳǸѡǵĲʵϣڱҲǵĿơϵͳA1111˵
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һⷬ۵ĳжôҲۣʱϵͳĻĳȴǳ±ˡ
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ԣ۾һֵ˵аɣǿǿɡ
λ淢߽һе֣ôûùǾҪһ
Ժׯ԰һԼסһèһҪȥûߵλˣˣ
ȻЩˬᣬǻع뵽Լôȥ֪ٴɥ
뵽ЩɵƵֿʼԹʮ㡣
ǰһôһľϰ꣬촩߶δģ󲿷˸ܼôáʵϣ󲿷ֵĿ촩ߣÿһҪȥһθģٺúݼһǿڹ
ȻøʲôѹһôõôۡҪиͷǰ棬ָǵ㽱֮ļڣҲֲȥݼٻû죬ͱˣ˭˭ܵˣַm..  ...



7 Ҳ˼䣨ߣ
ĸ磿Ǳʣ㻷Լڵķ䡣
ҢǸ硣ϵͳ˵
Ңظһ飬Ӧ˺һŷӦǸٵĴǰɣ
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ԼЩԾüȵȣҲ𣿡
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ѾûгǵϷˣгûǶνԳǾֱݡһ촩߶ôûӰˡ
һֱӰĻ촩ֻڰݵȻΪֹˡ
ҪûҲڷ衣ϵͳ˵
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СӵķСҢһμʱվԱߣˣ
˰죬Լеӡˡ
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ʱ򳯴Ϊά裬ȥĶˣѸȥξˡ
ӣȴĽ֮ȥξҲ֣֮Ժˡ
ȱ죬һɲϵͳε˵֪඼ˣ˾ɾ˵йôǸ˵ᡣʵǰϲ㣬ֻ㻹ԭĳСӶû
ȥξǲһݾͱϻݹˣʱھѾ˲Сĵλǽܣսյ½ơ£ԭĲвֱռһ֮Ϊñ񣬶̶һͽϻһ룬ո˴ԭƵĹ
Բۣôͣô֪ȻϵͳóǲҪ廰̲סˡ
ЩǺľ飬Ӱ첻֪˷ЧԾûṩ㡣ʮһݺͳһ۹ǹǹὨģһʱڵı֮һҰԭߣ㱻ҢĨҵᣬ˽Ϊޡһδ檣ܵܵĳӼλλӻһ۹ͳһ˱
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ӴԼҼ·Ѿ˽ˣūźϴɡ
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ΪԼǸˡ
ǰħˣҴһصƽҡ
ħħ磬һΪٵġΡϹʱħǿʢ˽ңͼռ磬ϹŴսʹ˱
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ȰҢЩħѹҢʲôȷĻҲʲôĻµӣȻЩ˶齫ħѹ㿪ħħȫ˽ȥ
ǰص磬ȻҡħӳǧƵĴħÿһֻһ׼񡣸вħΪ뻯ۿ⡣
ԸЩħԽҢ˵ѣصʱħѾӳħһʱˡЩħŹɢһԸȷʮַϹڰǰſҪƽڻһЩбҢȴùˡ
ЩԸԸȥɡ
ǰЩ˵ħȴ֪ΪζЩħֻҪֱܱĨɱ
һңҲ˲٣һϴơǰҢģңЩ˳ƤֱӻصԼ
ȴܡڴ֮ǰҲˡ
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һ죬ǸɵӲ֪ǳǽɽر飬صȥҾ¥һռ١ߵɽöƽ
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ƽԼۣκáȴ֪ԼһҪš
ǣߵûע⣬Ҳ
תתԼϣΨһйصĶַm..  ...



8 Ҳ˼䣨ˣ
ҢƽǴ⻭ĻֽӵȵģǸɵӻɵصݳȥ˰µĹǮ
תֳۣϻմЩңȴһ˫һۣʲôĺһƽݵǰСؽֽ䡣
۾ú˺ǲͬ˵һۣȷһββ𣬻Щٺ죬˿һۣЩڵķi۾ȴһһϸЩ۰ĴԲɫ峺͸͸޹档
ֻҪһˣͻɴ۾èһһԼϵƽǣնЦС
ǵԼϵƽʱﱻϸ΢ĳһ㲼ҲܸоָȡͷյԼУǺ͸
һμʱֻǰۣƤѵɫѪܶµɫָױ޼Բ룬ָ⻹Щ΢졭һŵ֡
Լϵʱɰ޳ȴۣݵѪܶ΢΢ϻвٶĺۼָҲЩѡ
Ң뵽⣬΢
ȵͻȻͨʱžԼѾƽһʱ
ɫΪÿƽָ֮䣬ƺƾɷˡ
ҲܵȼΪؽƽԼ䡣
ϣܲԴ˸룬ɽһۡµ߱ϹϾ档
ܲԣǼҢܸӵ
ܲ˽ҢҲŽҢǽҢ֮ʦ
ûʽʦҲںʦͽĴйϵܲԱҲֻһʱ̽̽Ң
ܲĿǰ䡪ΪҢЩħһ¸һ䣬ܲԴʱۻᣬ칦Ҳǰġ
ǰҢǲȥġ
ܲҲֻòԵ֪ͨһ¡
˴ΣҢ˼Ƭ̵׼ʱԼ
׼ûؾܲԵһ㶣æͷǡ

ľۻᣬһ㶼ԭͷ˵ȥġ
ԭľۻᡭ߶ȱȽϴ
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Ͼ͸Ңȥħࡣ屾Щϲŭ޳ǴġǰľۻỹħŮħεҪΪ˸ħ칦Ͳ̫ħˡ
ҢʱϵѾˡ
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㲻ԼΪʲôҪòȥ֪ͨҢ
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ҢϯλܲԱߣʱܲԿԼò׾ٰһȴŪ̲ס˳۽ǡ
ΪʲôҪҢ
ʱҢȴǽĿƵܲϡ
ܲԼҢֱԼ߿ĵҲëСӲԼɵɣ
һܲȴЩԣҢƺڿԼڿԼС衣
ܲ³裬һ꣬һ壬ࡣ
³òĽ̬֮ҪΪ壬ڴ|Ҳܺģʶܲʮ⡣
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Լţ̸ʲôɻߵ|飬һͨҢʱȴŪú
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9 Ҳ˼䣨ţ
ܲԼĻͦгҢûֱӱνƺҲЩҢǲЩˡϣ
һЦǺǵؿڣҢСǵòξѣΪһĹǡĹǸѰɲͬѰͿÿȴʵڵúܡȥֽˮܰ˹ͷ˫Ⱥǲˣϱ**ˣ
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ܲԻһ֮ˡԶЩĻ̬Ǿ벻˵Щġ
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ҢûгΪĵؿԼ˾ɾ˵֮ǰȥСӡȻСӵļûˣǰЩ˵ļȴڡᣬСӵĴ磬ǿ֪С˳İ¡
һݳֺ㰫һͷ˲ǣַm..  ...



10 Ҳ˼䣨ʮ
⼸쵹ǹͦ˳ĵġ
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ĪҪԣ˲ͻ֮ˡˣúðýӣ˵꣬λվɫ뿪ˡ
ҪҢˡַm..  ...



11 Ҳ˼䣨ʮһ
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ǰüĿްС
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˽ô࣬ͻȻԼļȷ⣬ܲԾַm..  ...



12 Ҳ˼䣨ʮ
ȱʲôоʱġǰһȴ벻ģⲻӦãϾʮҪ
ǵԼ˹ö˶˵ΪʲôҪһϲЩӹŵĶֻǵúҪ͸ʲôˡ͸˭أҲ벻ˡ
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ҢƿԼıӰһʧĽС

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Σҵģû͹ˡʱңǴæ
ԭ밵̸һת۾ͷ겻ˡڰవҲֻǿƺһΣʧԭء
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13 Ҳ˼䣨ʮ
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ڸʲôôоһӴҶֹ

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14 Ҳ˼䣨ʮģ
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ǵԼһЩӦҩġ
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Ңദһи˵˼֮ɫϾҪ˽ˣҲֻ뿪ˡ
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ҢǰŸߣûȳһһʱ䣬ȻҲˡ
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ĸεƵôףֻ˸ߣʱͻȻǾЩŤ
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ʲôʱ򣬷ԵܻеġܲһӲɻ顣ƽ˵
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ҪȵȵȰɣٹܱǿǿĿİ˵
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ٵõ˰׸Ȱɣ
졣˵
ҲҲаɡǿַm..  ...



15 Ҳ˼䣨ʮ壩
Ңø㣬϶֤ɹףȻô죿
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ҪɱԣܲܳȥеԼıˡ
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ˣڿ촩УҲƿֲĽٶп촩֮ģⲢĽݾʵϣΪѣû
ܽԼȫɫȴʱ룬ĳ̶ȸνݼģA1111Ψһһλо񼲲ȱʧΨдɫܻϲŭ֣ӵоѵĴȴװԼɽɫ󶼺ѻָüټϳʱС
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ԹȻ׾ӵ˶ƭôоôʵӡ
ҢֻһƿƿװһɫĵҩԼһ֤޶󣬳ҲŽɵȥ
ϾСȻɵģҲĲôߡַm..  ...



16 Ҳ˼䣨ʮ
ﳯǻָ䲢ѡΪʱ˵Ĩȥļ䣬ʵֻǰļסˡȫĨĻǻ˼ģ˾Ҳô
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ЦúܵͣƣǼΪѵزŴӺмġ
ҢĻӦԭнҵҲʼЩ
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Ңɫ任ûڡ
תȥˡ

ϡ˾ͷСػһ
֮пڴǰϡ¹ճΰˣϰڻ谵Ĺ¼⣬ȼʱ㹴ճ˵ķ绪
ҢԴ볯һص˴󣬱һֱû˵
˺ޱ𡣡Ңڵ
ϡǲס˾˵˵ĸ鱾ˣŨʱҲԸ⣬ѷȴþ飬ȥ˱ǹȥˡ
˾ɾƹܷЩͼֲˡ
Ҳǿ󲻵ã°ɡ˾Ȱ˵Ң
˵ʵԼҪǳǣҲܸϺͺá
˭˭ܵˣƨô꣬ΪǾʯΪ˭öԷȫ̰Լ￴˳ɸ١˦˦ֻðļĨˡˣֻͷ˵Լ˾͸Цˣžզξզ£
ƨɾԴ˾֪ϺԼöܹ֣˾ҲʲôһĽĺͯˣУ˲ֵǹ࿼
Ң͵佫˾ȥ
˾飬ڽҢû֣ǿְԼһ߲ҳˡַm..  ...



17 Ҳ˼䣨ʮߣ
óǿһ£ʱҲöڽ졣ڽûóǰĵس˸׼ݼ
ţȥǰԺɢɢ
ǰᡣ
Σߵԣеʵ
⼸նΪæµûô˵նûôȥ鲻ãˣ
ûȥҲ۰Ϣ졣˵
˽ݣ꽫ȡ£ݸԵŮ
㿼ǵ飬ˣ̽ſڡ
ȻҢͻȻΣУײꡣ
תͷᣬ治Ⱦ˳д˿ȴԵЩӡ
ϲôʵһʱҲ˵
ʮĽ飬Сһ𳤴С㣬˸ָֿΪ⼸ǼеĽ飬üɫĳҲûжԼֵܶ˼
ڴʱĿףΪϾʣһˣһ̱УҲκ֪͹ÿʬй͵ʱ˵ԼΪʲôţҲǻڶһ˿翵Ŀ־塣
ҲһģһսҡҲͦõġ
ˣˣӵǰ
ȴԶǧѰǹžۡ
Ȼ˴ӵãЩѺֻһΡ
Ȼ˰Ľ֮⡣
ԭܾȣΪûĿܣ͸ϲһľȺ󣬽˼ά޴ƣΪһչӺûʲôõġ
᳤úܺÿѾٷ֮ʮż׼ˣȤͶʮ˳ټϸʮĽ飬ܼᾹȻʺϵˡ
ټĻмȻǺܺʣôҲԸһԡ
ЩվúʹǰһˣĥƽǣҲ¡
֮ǰô˰ʲôģ
Ƕʧĸ飬ҲˡԽҢɱ֡Ǻˣ֪նɱʮսԼҲûˣԼѵҪȥô
Ңֻǳһˣ޹̣Ҳлн١ҢԳǶԲİ·ˣгѵҪȥҢͷ
ˡ˵
ῴɫ俴óεĽš
̲סЦˣʲôǴӦˡ
Է۾ʱʲôĺϢβϲɫ
棿
⻹ܷڣҷ˰ü
ס˵׼û÷ڣ
廹ѣ㻹ңǱû˵
ַ£ͱƵĴóһʵѾˣ¸µ³ǸѵõĴϲգǾͶʱɡ
Ƕʱһ˰ɣ²׼ӡڿǻʵۣϲ۶ɣ
ͻȻ֮ǰҢɻ飬ҲȲҵĻٷҲϻʼҵġ
۶Ҫһꡣ
లЩ׼ܸġӲִ٣֮پٰʢġ˵
ҢˣʵЩȲˡ
ǱŪÿЦã㵱ǶϷأҲգУҲӼ򡣡
ǣ֣䱦С
ĪԣҾ˽˿㡣
У㡣εɲܱƵЩڲ͡
ڼˣȴ˭Ǻӡ޲ůš
Ȼ

ǵĴ׼ڹݱؽˣҲûʲô¸ɣҲ͵ţ˳ÿè
ΪҪˣҲѵܴܵӹ˳ڲദԺûˡ
ڱڳĽҢڳǻָ뿪˳ϾʱϷû˼ˡ֮ҹǼΣֻǶǺظˡ
˾ŽҢıҲһ꣬Ң뿪Ҳ硣
ǵϲǽϵظϳˣʱɻҲֻмˡصԣϲ費Ҫ޸ġ
ʵҲֻṆ̀ɲҪСŴЩҰµǱ¿ɲһ㣬·ܲʡ
ȻһǴȥúܡͼΪʺϺ£ĵ񣬴ݰףüĿ续
⼸ѾյǰʺƨѳǶòС
ȻȴͻȻ˹ȥ
һˡ
Ǹˡ
ʱЩõԤףΪǰǷˣĴβǳûˣԼʱֱӽߵŪˣͷһء
ָʲôüʮֲ͡
䣬ѩڷǰ֡
ƽʱ̸ϵģҲǴǸ⣬Сȡԭ¡ʱɫȴⰵлżѪɫ͸ߴɫͷųǣмֺˡ
ҲŪһⷬɫʲô
Ҫɻˣ
ƺǴӳݼһһٵؽ˵
Ҳųϵϲ
ǿ˿ϵϲЩȻԭ˵쳣Ϊ
ԡֱӳϵ
Ңɫ˲ֺ˼֣˭
̲סЦˣѵǺ㲻ɣ
͡˭͸ˣƺѾ͵ļ¡
ᡣ˵
ҢǶʱֵĻ䳹ױ١
бѪɫȾǿɲģǶܵһЩ⡣



18 Ҳ˼䣨ʮˣ
̲סһ
ƺǷ˳ǶԼĺ£Ң˶٣ǿԼǷӿɱҳһ˿ǡ
˵׼
ڳǷڣ㲻
һ뵽Ҫڱˣǰɺɱ벻Լʲô顣
Щ£˵ֿЦĻֱĲУ˵׼Ͳ׼ҳʲôˣ
޾飬ֻоɳֻû㣬ҲԸٺֻԸǴӴ˸ɡҢڻ磬һһֺãõŵ¡ִô򣬿ɾ̫ѿˡ
ҸĴ飬˭ʸ񷴶ԣΨ㲻ܡ˵̧꣬ߣԸҢй
һ˿ǳױɣҢǰѪһƬסзɱ⣬Ͳɱô
Ҳɱǹ硭޲ɱ
ȥתټس㿴ҳǻ᲻ǰͷ
Ңͫ˲ƺͫҲβסɫͫƯ쳣һ۱η嵨
ǡųǵıӰ͵͵Цˡ
괩ϲģһG˫ȴΪϡ
Ϊһ˶Լв

ǵĻںܿ͵ˡ
ȻҢ˵˵Ӳ⼸ûΪսľ
ϾжҢ˵Σ㹻˼ɵֻϣԼвһЩЧɡ
ĵȵ˴죬˿
ˣ˻ûӦǡ˰ɣ
񣬺οִԼһ鷲ˡҲǿԼûΧתòöѡ
첻㱻ǽһȺææȥòźáҲֻڿʼʱ͵г˿ڸ㡣
ʱ쵽ʱһĴʱۿҲЩ졣
˵ʲôζֻЦ磬ôŮƵġСҪȥʵ۵ķˣԺ֣
֮Ļ£ûж˫֮֡ĵλƽȵģ˽Ң֮ǰʱ˵ҲǣǳǵķҲǽҢķ
Ȼ˵ַΣʵ۳ɻ飬ܹǴһͷµ׼ʱ仹ҹɷԹ涨ʵк֮Ĺϵ
ڳõȷȣǶ¡ڳ֪ԼмＸУ¶ǸһëǮϵûˡԽҢʵȨģϵĵλλѾܹˡ
㣬˻°ҳȥұոˡЦ
Ǵ˸ֱȱߵܽڸͷϣҲ˶һģ
ѹǲ֪ǿζ
곤Ǿ꣬û˵ġ
СӴСûʡģЩóøλֱðͷСһϴֺãһʲôˡֻűϵù̯ӡ
һתСӶôˡ
ӽҲǳɼˡ
Ȼ᲻ãǡͦõġ

ΧΧźƺƵ̶ӣһ·ȥ
ҲֵòСʱʺδ⣬ǹɷŲй񡣱һ·հǹѵõϲ¡
ǹãʵ۵Ĵȷѵõϲˡ
һϲ֮ʣͻȻ
һ⡣
ɫ̫ͻȻҲ̫ˣҲ׷̧ͷա
֮ԭѵƵĺӣʱȴһӿڶ෭ĺƣɲһðźѷȫᴩʡ
ѷԽԽʲôһͫ͵һ
ʲôѷ죬һ޽Ӱ
ڳʶʱͻȻеһȥ
Ȼ˶ڿʣ̶ΪҰ±κβɵеճǵᴩӰʱҲ̲ס̧ͷȥ
ǻͷʱŷԭϵĻʺûӰ
ʱһš
ʱȴѾ˴ǧɸ߿գ±΢СϵȺ岼Ļʳǣͣڲϵľ޴Ӱ
䱻νס
Ǻ⣿ǿ֮ˣϾɫ
ߣұҢ˵仰ʱ侲
ˣʧ
ʮҢɥģѵҲǴ𣿣
ҺΣЦǽ̵İ㣬вҡǣˣұɱᣬǹȥڤ罫ĻǴʱʲôǵãҽ磬Ϊ壬һɾ¡
ǻ䣬׵ж˺ˡ
ˣڤ㽫ҵĻǴأΪ塭ǻ𣿡Ǳһ˿룬ʵ
Ȼ㣬û˼䡭޷Ժÿһ䣬ҶԲ롣
ƺԽǸ⡣
ܹ᲻Щࡣڸ磬ұ֡Ƶ˵

ǻһڣǽӰû˿ԥֱֱնȥӰ˾޴Ľ棬Χ֮һĩ֮
µİǿǽӰֱֱƺҲʶҪʲô£ʱ
ƺǾֵĽк
Ҫ
۴󺰣еˮҲ޷Ƶع䡣
ʵ˵ҴӦ㡣㡭
Ң۾Ϊͫͬʱ˶ΪһԼȴתһɫСУС
ⲻһΨһĲַ䱦

Ңϻԭʹ½һˣ¶ڵվʹ硣
Ҽɣ˵Ƿ˱ҢϹڽǸżµľˡ
ҢϽǧ꣬Ҫˣ
˵Ҳ٣̫ˣҲͻᷢЩػҲЩˣѵиİԣòС
ҢϾ˭ǲˣҴҲֻ˽͵͵ش
˵ҢϴǷֱӻص˶ҵȵڶգҲδϵĶʲô
Ͼɲһ壬ǿϼʮǶ֣ǡǸ˳ŵסô
ЩòȻʵû̫֮ĵɵôǸˣֻǽҢ϶ǧ꣬ƽ䣬صشӷ°̬Ȳһ㡣
и̣ҢϷԼ꼰㡣
ڰѷ°ǲǷ˹ءǷˣ˭Ҳûִֻ¶ȥҢͷҲģǲԼȥѰҢϱɣӦҲǳ
Ҳʲô˽»ٶЩСֻûҢĿŵѣҲ
֮ЩǵĿǷΧ֮ڣҶֳԹϣĽҢǶʲôʱٴϢ



19 Ҳ˼䣨ʮţ
ҢĶ˵ǶʵȴһռһɽĹȺƣ̻Իͣ˽ص족ζԶ
ϲңҢΪе࣬ǶЩ֮ûʲôҪֻ˶ּɵ־ηϹŴս㽨Ҳûܾ
óˣôĹסǸСС䱦ȴ㹻ˡ
ʱһ硣
һڵˮص㼯֮˵ڽʱͽȫڿգȪ
˵صҲΪᵽȪΪһһڱǧΪ
Ҳ룬Ҫ˵ԸȥۣҲҴҢص⡣
ȪǳȵģڵбڵĿ֮ǰãˮ
һƬУȪˮĴһλˡ
ȫֻһɫıɴ|͵ؽͷڰߣµĲֶû׵ȪˮС۾̵Ľë΢΢ɫ޺ޱȣѻڷʪˣɴҲȫʪī뱡ɴϣ޳年յˡԴǱȴҲ͸Եջ
ԣȴһλѩɫ۵ĸߴˡڰߣɫƽؿźˣżĵֽҵ޷
ܼʹ࣬üȴܵزϵ|˲֪ãҲ޷ܣѵ̧ץס˵
ܣܲˡ㡢أ㡭ֵڵĿǻƺıƵ˾
ȴûжݣֻǷס˵֣ʮָۣһգ̰ɡ
ûʲôĳǲ̡
Ǵ磬ԭΪһҪԼϻȥ˭뵽һѴĵһ¾ȻǰطһСԲȥ
ϵͳɨʲôϵͳɨ߳ǣһŴڵ
ô˵أ趨ʮϡٵģѾˡΪûǿսżΪķ|ڡյ˵Ǿ棬ϲ塣ֻ۶٣òˡ
дĻʹͷˡԴǼȻģİһôһһ˵Ϻã˵ǱȽϲҡ
ΪǼһڷ|Уռǵİһִ˲ˡûаµ˵ԼĳѨǲַ˽˵̣˰ºǲûй̶ĳѨΪ¾ǵĳѨ
ϵͳƽˣȴһƤ
ʲôС趨ܲܺˣ
ϵͳָ˴ڵٸһЩĸ죬÷ӵдĳЩԡԼķ|ڡ
ǣ
в|֮Ҳһ˿ʣҢĴڵ
ϵͳϹŴսʱɱİɣʱصħɱħĴҲ
ϵͳ˵ҲûپᣬҲûȥᡣڵһ븹֫ٺǱϿʳһܡ
ʮǿҵʹֻ࣬ȫ޵ʹ۵ûû䡢ϸϸܵģ˼
ҲûжMİã˼Ӻͳϵͳٰ죬Լʹҡ
󳯴ǾˣֻǻҪװʹģһĿ촩߾ܿʹȫҲҿҪһ㣬Ȼ¶ڣǵȫûⷽķգֻҪϵͳŵʹֵǶ٣ٻ˷ӱˡ
ĸҪҹҢҲһֱ粽Աߡ
ǰջҪװüΪʹ޽ҢģҲԸҢ˵һ仰ȵˣʧȥǰҢ
Ңһֱԣȴ˿û
ǳ񼤵üʧȥˡ
˵գ˱εʹ֮⣬ǵϻһ⡣
ۻ̣ȻҲϵͳٸ˸ңҲװģڽҢĻбСصģ˵ЩĻ
Ңֻḧĺ󱳣ȴû˵пʲô
գǵò㽥˱仯ƤԽԽϸ塣ԭͰƤڸһ˿覴öҲԭȽϰҲθЩԵø޳
ǰ㹻GƵǾ·Ҳһ˵Ƥˡ



20 Ҳ˼䣨ʮ
պò߹
ǰ۵ȫ˽ҢĻУǱʳһɶʹԼ˿翵İ
סֻḧĺ󱳣ȴʩԮ֡
ʹнȥǴӽҢȴԼֽŶòУվҡҡ׹
Ң΢Ӻ󷽽뻳УܷŽӦա
ʵϣֻһԭ
ʵʱˣǼս컨ȫ棬ͽѪȴȷ˻Ҫϸ֫վֻԸز|ڴ|齡
Ңᱧ߳Ǵ˾յĴǴ޹
Ǳߣط¡
ʱǵʶѾˣ̧ͷŽҢؿڣ㵽ô
ҢҲδŭֻĿ΢ؿ
۾ƽɫǽɫ⣬볣˲ûʲôֻͬڼȱŭڻΪԭ֮ǰŻΪͫ
ʱضųǣҫ۵Ľɫƺֻذ
һ㶣һ̾ͼԷԼͬʱ˫ֱַסԼͺԡ
ԼĴȴϴǱĴʱǲİʶ
ᴥֿʼҧ˱Ĵ꣬ʳ֪ζ˿Ĵ̽ĿŰ
ĶУʳ߶Դе㣬˹ã۾˺νļͽȻ
ֻͷ˱÷飬ʹòУǻرռĺ˳ֻܼسƿǰˡ
ȻǵڽҢ˵ûУԼյøˣоʱһ̶ϵԴǣȴԷ޳ֽס޴ӡ
ȵȣ磬㲻˵ҢǸĸ̥𣿡ͻȻЩϷ
ǰʲô𣿡ϵͳߡ
ĸôõǼ
츳ܰȡϵͳ侲
аȡ
õ˸ǿǿĴ𰸣ҲֻǿٶԼϷ
ΪȱʶֽʼģȻȴģģиоƺһϢŶԷǱɵԼУԼ|ڡ
ЩõԤУ΢΢ɴ˫ۣٶȿʼ
ƺ̫ˡ˵㲻٣Ҳʵ΢һּΪ|͵||ͬʱԼٶѸӵȫ
Ƭ̣ʶͱմˣʱֻûһգΨǰǱġ

Ƕ֪Լ޹д˶á
Լžͻ
ÿһԼļޣڲȴ֪Լļ޻ԶԶֹЩ
Щʹж̫ĳܷΧˣȵڴʱһʱ侹䲻֮ǰЩ䣬ֻûҶ¡
Ըٻ䣬ǿȫ̧һָҲ
۳˶޵ġˣֻ͸֧Ȼͺʹǲɱ⡣
ڳ֮ǰһƬΣǵҵʲôõĵطɵĴʮʣӦˡ
ţͼһѩµ˴ӵ߽
ߵǰؽǱʹ뿿ڴߣҧһĴꡣ
ϢգպǴ顣ƽ
ȴ͵صɴ۾
Ը⣿˵ʵҲŭ⡣
ȴڴĿʱһ˲ɥʧ
ԸΣ˸˼ԸֻǸ֪һѡ
ûг˹һĨǳЦ⣬ǣСԡ
һ޿ģȴϵͳ
׼飿ɶô𣿡ϵͳ
Ҳǣڰץ֮ǰͰˡϵͳ˵
Բۣˣ
ôô죬۳Ҫ˾Ϣǿ
˵˶ţ
ȥʼľ⣬޹ˡϵͳ˵
£ǲŵظһ䡣
ôµоΣϵͳ٩
ɶҲ˵ˣʣţƣ̼Ҿҿȥ뼪˹¼ˡǸп
ȻܻţҲǺţˡ

Ⱥ໴ŹϳԵɣ⪣ڵȵһͶιǵĹϡҢҪˣ
֪һϣû뵽һըҢȻ飿
ԭҶţյ˲Ųòʵ
ܲյʱҲǾòУܲԷ껹ûû뵽ýҢôĸ̥˸ȣ
ΪҢᵥء
գһЩС⣬綼ˣع󣬽ӴЩ˻´ࡣ
Щɶٻ꣬عȴûмѵʸһΣػʮֱִʣɾƲҪǮƵĹӦֳԹֲ䷹ڡ
û˸ҵҢĳܲԵʸ񡪡ٽҢҲϿɣܲҲԸдⳡûиãֻ֤
ֱڣлҢµģ
˿һۣһΪˣȻ
ⷲ˳޹ֺҪĽҢҲᶯ顣
ǵļλ壬ȴ澪°͡
ǷϡдϢ
һ˲ǾͨеĹϣҢдڵⷲ˵С
Ի·岻̫һǲǺŽᣬҲû̫ƶҪֳһֻǿܵȥ˻꣬ǸһûĴڵȴйоû=û=ν
ҪǻǱڵģǻÿϧǽҢƽʱҪǲС˽ҢҪԼСδĴɶ
ȻҢҲɱ֮ˣ޲޹Ҳ˵
Ǵʱ뵽ⷲ˴ڵӦֻһʣ
ǶԳʲô뷨һͬİûʲô뷨ֻһȺҲҶ˲֪ڿһĻʱüֱǱ˶
Ȼ಻ȱ£ҶغܣЩǿ|Ѷǰ¡˵ֻдܳΪ£ֻĻÿʡ
Ң˵ʣǾδˡ弸ٺҵµģһ˫ֶĹ



21 Ҳ˼䣨ʮһ
ںϲУĿʵ޹ǧѩصһαҵɫռ졣
ߺ󣬽ҢǱ˴¡Լվڳǵǰס˳ǵĽס
ô䣬ֱܷеĹС
Ϣڳ˵̫ˣʱͲʺϳʱߡոڴϣʵһֱǿŽҢзš
Ǵ˿Լȵá
Ѿǰʻֻǲ䲻ȵطܽҢûŭǽˣٷȴҲʧȥ
ҢһʱĬ
úͷǳǵ۾ô
ûлش
ֻڳĬһڵ˺󡭡ôˣҸ绹𣿡
ʵҲˣֻǰˣҲܻش
ĳΪˣ岻ãҲԳҲᣬǴ飬ȴҢߣöൣ֮ǰĻٰģ鵱ջʺʧ٣ϲ֪Ҫֳʲô
Ңûشԭȵ⣬ɫ΢¡
ڳҽˡʱ˺ܶǹ͸Ѱ㡣
ȻЩֵǲҲǿᣬǽҢȻᵽˡ
ֳº۾ҢҲЩ
ϸͷ˵Ļҿȥ磬Ժֳͨš
۾һȴ²ۡ
߹ˣܸͨŸǸĶһ
ҿԻȥ𣿡Сʡ
Ңû̻ش𣬵ڴģǵ֡

صʱһתꡣ
ͬŤÿһÿһնߣɻͷһȴֹô졣
ججķ|ڣȤص
Ҫ꣬ꡢǧꡢꡭ
ʱ򳯴ǲԸȥЩ
ڴÿһļ飬֪ܱܵҢǷŭޱȣ֪ԼٷŭҲãÿһļȴܵϵ
ŭǣԸ⽫ЩܵܣֻͬһЩ˵顣Ҳǣ˾Сάĺ֣ϣԷܹһЩ
ǰĳش¼ҢòءǽλᣬҪӳȥʱΪ̬ȹɣҢѾࡣ
ص߶ͬ鳯ǣǲҰǣΪϷֱΨ·һҾﳯӳȥˣȥĶأʲôطϣ
ҲԸˡȽҢߺصȦ޵ĵطҵһֻԼƣѪι˽
ûսʱȷ˻޷ѵķ|ڣֱ˻ڵ壬ҲֻǵΪ˳Ϊĸڵġ
֪ѪԶѱ顣
ڴıϣء֪ԼҪȥģҲطֳᣬֻ֪뿪뿪ԽԶԽá
ڽոһյطУѱļٴθιѪΧľɫƺظģûֻЩ޵ǶĻܽ˱Ʒ裬ǳԸҲԸȥ
żͷ·ɸ߿գҲȥӦþˤ
뵽Ǹ˵ĻˣҲȥڤĻǴأҲȤ
Ŀĵѭһ룬ĳճǰ߿վһĨϤѩӰ
ǡʧ˰
һ̳Ƕ˵Լʲôܣֻ͵һƺ˲еϣȥˣʵͷ룬˵Ŀܱ΢΢
ʮɵĴһΪѪŽʬֱֱ׹¸߿ա
Ҳͬһ˲䱻뻳С
Ϻ񱻽˽ɫѪҺ
Ǵ˽ȥװɡ˳ܵģҲٶơ
ٴδҡ
Ң뿪صγȴûлˣΪֽŶʶ˴˽ơ
ϴܣصȻûаҲ뿪ڳǵİ£ҢûнȫҲϳأǿɶٴùͷ˶ǿý
Ң³ǱƣҲ˵˵˵εĴʵϴħĻ
˵ϴħˣʵֻħ߻һı



22 Ҳ˼䣨ʮ
ǴεĶƽϢ̫ˡϹս˽ǧ꣬εĶȴ궼ûŹʵڹףһ޴ĸо뵽Щħħпպ꣬ʵҲȻҲû̫ɡ
ħƽϢվӡ
ȺӣһΪħߵħ֮ЩնɱħǱĴħƳħг׸ıԼıԴص˸硣
ΪڷǱ̫ˣ𽥷չԼȻ綼ûӦǹѾΪħߡ
ˣħħҲȡˡħǰ粢ǵжԣħеЩħλħĶ档
ȻһԤıݷͱ˶⧲
ҢѾٳصҲòȥƽҡ
ԸҲ̸˵ЩħǱǱҢħܾĥ꣬ǶԽҢѺ֮ǣ޲⡣˶֮⣬ΨнҢܡ
ҲǰҪԽҢ²üһΡ
ұĵĸ£糣ĩյ˳š
гᵽ岻ʣǷܻһΡ
Ȼ֪ǱҢˣȴ֪ǱҢˡֻΪǳǱҢ磬׻
ǿʱͲ³
⼸ᵽ飬ϲǡ񳯾ȴᵽ岻ʣʳǷܻ˵״һǼˡ
յźļ١
º󣬽Ңˡ
ôæҲǰ㴩ѩ£ǻһɫĳۡӵΪУ֮һŨѪζȻɫҲܿжйں֮С
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ûлش𣬶Ƕһٺʵ桭ôˣ
ЩǣرȽϹ㣬Щ鷳Щʱ䡣Ң˵
ǰзչ̫ǣ̫ˣеĲͷ¶βڻûЩ鷳
Ҹ˵岻ʣܡȥ𣿡ǼѵؿڣĿ
ҢԭΪõɫʱһ١
𣬵С
ôͻȻ
ο̫ңǳȥ̫Σˡ
ɫ˲ްҢҲЩ˵ٵЩʱհɡ
ҪȰѶĻЩܷĴȥ
ǡǼæ˵ʲô
˵岻ʣǲô򵥡ȻǺˡȵ𣬳εȵ
֡Ңšü֮˴Щҩ½磬㲻عڵġ
Ƕʱƿԡ
֪Ңȥˣֻϣֳ
ǳ䣬϶һ˿ĴС
㱻˱С

ҢӦõȷǰæгвŻһˣڶ첻뿪ˡ
Ǹţ˵޷ȥֻܵЩʱա
ͳȥ󣬳ǱһաڵǺͽУµĩڵˡ
ŵ˻һ
Щź󣬼˵кת赣Ǻ󣬶ʱһ
һдǧָǣǿŵڷˡ
֮߰´ҴҶҢصУǵ鵹Ǻ˲١
ֻǽֲЩԾ
Ҳճʺ򳯾һЩ⣬糯ǻ٩ֱ볯ĴǰȤ¡߰ȴûлӦǵţԹԵ˵
ԽԽֱյµš
ϸ˳⣬Ϻضشˣǡּˣ
ȻϿ볯ּΪƣڱʷ洦ȴԳٶۡ
Ƕپ֫䣬͵ܽ˵УճĵŶ˳
Ĵ桭һˡ
ǻˣȻǷֱ治ǳص꣬ÿյſ飬ּϤˡ
㷲ߣŲֳдġ
⡢⡭ҲǴֳڷæ˴ʡ˵
Ϊβֱ˵Ҫģּڣʵ߻ڣֵǰµҲԡȻּǳֳ֣֮֮£һǴûǰĵš
߼ǻ˵ϣ޿ɽƱˣ֧֧زˡ
ʲô£ȻôŪȥ
ˣֳˡ˵˳
Ƕʱк˶ʧ˷Ӧ
߼Ȼ˵ˣһԶ˵ˣǰ֮ǰȥţǰħ;㱻ħдæСɶ£ΪڴæδԾ֮¡һСȥֳʱѾˡ
˽Сɣ˵˼أСɲҪ¸֪׼֮ţһһ⡣
ϸᵽ̫⣬ֳǱߵ˵ԣġֳּ˭֪
յ⣬˳һۣͣסˡ
ãЩĻﱳ˼
еţᡣ
ԭ
ֳյԼ˵޷ȥź󣬱㻰һת˵Լ忪ʼתĶʲôתǼûϣ㲻ԸԼǰˡ
֮ţȻֳǰµġ
ˣڰֳǰڤȻͶϺ̥ŵɼ㱯ʹģʱҲæο
أ̧ͷ
⡣ߴӽӴȡһš
ǽЩű뻳У˵ˡ
ԲģǼò뿪ߣ
ֻ뿪ˡ
ˣͷǽǻ䡣
ˮ̡
ֳֻһ档
Լ˵زʱж

Ң
ˮеζ֡



23 Ҳ˼䣨ʮ
дš
֪δάֶãȻϣŲ御дһЩ
ЩĶҲûȥֻ޹Уһ鷭Щš
ǰһ꣬ǰһŶֶ󣬲Сضһ⡣
ֳĻֻô࣬ûǰܾûһ롣
ܾκԲȣǰ
ȻڵҲ˷˵ĽޣҪʳصйµĵǡ
ǿ֪жںλ£֮ǰ֣ǣʲô쳣ΣգһҪ̸֪
ʱҲһʱ㴫ͨѶϡ
ЩͨѶҲصµģϾ̫ңͨͨѶܱܿأЩͨѶԼѪƳɵģ
ҢյţʱЩڹؼʱ̣ʵ޷
ʱ硣类һѪɵħԶħһĹ٣һֱسɴ󻼡
ΪиԾǺܡϲҸĵطԼһ꣬Ҳ꼸ʮ궼˷ǡǾľһڵصԼġϵѪӡϵĹģҪľˣٶҲľٶܼġ
һǳɳˣǾͻסԼϵ֮ϵĻǵ
ҲֱӾԮѪɾͻһЩɡԸѪɵİ취ֻҵ壬ʱǿ֮
ֻѪɣǸ˰硣Ң˿̳գ鶼Ҫ
ѪɲصùΣ½Ңʶһһ磬ҲҳѪɡֻһңҹͣңǷҵҲ˵˿̻ٻӦˡ
ЩԣֻǽԼ޹˵ֻҹǰ⼸աӦ¡
Ңüٶչʶ̽صס
ٲ١

ǲᣬҲǶһš
ǳдţʮ
ǰصѯʹÿյŵʱĩĶʮաΪʮգչ֮ʱ֮ĵˡʮǰˣģǰתҲˡǰҺ͵Ҫչ˺㣬ǶȥҲ֪ҿǶҵУΪ㣬ֻ㰲á
һһضţЩּͬһööУ̵Ѫģ
̲סСؿޡ
СءЩͯ
ǵʱΪӱϵݺ޳һ٣۵úˣҲڱ͵͵ؿޡ
ʱֻ꣬޵ֱá޵һȴ˴ӱ˳ȴҩͺóԵĹվĴߡ
Ҳûˡ
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Ǽ״ϺҵĨᣬˮЩŻˡ
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ź֪طԼҲŨصѪζ
ʶʱǱʲôأͻȻ͵سԱһ£
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ʲôϷ̫ԼĥĲˣⶼѪˣѲҪˣأȴͻȻơ
ôܣôϷҲɡһǼ֢ϵͳ˵
ô£ҵþ֢ˣ
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˴ڵҲˣ̽ʶЩһֱûôùܡⲻȥ֪һȥһʶпط񡭡ˣ
Ȼжϵͳ˵ӦǱ˷ӡˣŽ⿪ԡ
ǴǰҲȥ֮磬ڽ⿪ӡҲİ˼ַ⣬񶼲ЧвˬֱʶԼʶ
ʱʶһ𵴣ԼԴ񱻼ٸ룬ѪֻǶݵѣκּʶ鿴ԼʶǷӡ˲١
Ч˾Լʶʶ
ŵԼŪ˾ûˣϵͳ̲סѵ
İɣ
ɫԽҰףвѪȴȻûͣ¹
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ϵͳһϺ󣬸˵ϵ˼̻ǵģҲѪҲħӳģӦǰʱŽҢ뿪͸ϡǾ仰ȻսȫǱѪеǳòУЩħ˵ζֺܺãᱻҲ
Ңص˲ɱҲܣʳӰⶫϢġϴϹŴսˣƽҢҲ֪ħﻹһֻʳӰⷽ棬һ˿ӡ
̻ǵģظһЦǵǺ˼
û취ŪոֱӹԼʶʱҲֻơҪֱӸ߽ҢӦа취ϵͳ˵
á˯ͷֺҸ˻ĶܸܡЦҪæء
ϵͳЩ±ơ
ûϵͳʵͳܲ취ҵĻһ£ܲҵĻˡ
ϵͳºش𣺡⵹ǿԣҪ㽱ۡ
٣
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ǽ֮һҲҪ٣ϵͳˡ
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ּۻãһǧļ۸ɽ
ϵͳһʳӰյ꣬Ҳ˵ʳӰΪԼյǳǵĻǣʵһ
ϵͳһԭסĹܣʳӰڳǵʶȴûϵͳĴںͳϵͳĶԻоܿˣϵͳ˵ҲѣһǧϵͳҲе׬



24 Ҳ˼䣨ʮģ
ҪٹʶһʳӰɫؾ泯ǡ
ҲǼʱҢڣŸôֱӵɳǵľѪͻǣ˭뵽ȻҢڣҲǸˡ
ҪΪԣ뿪ˣ
˵Σ
ڣ˳ʶʳӰ˵ʱҪû˳ٹҲ٣
һպܻᷢʲôı仯ʵǿ֮ģκ㣬ô죿ǺϾ
ʳӰĪ⣬ջǼɵڳǵĺϸˣ
ǡԣȴǵ͵͵Цˡ
ЦʲôʳӰЩѾóֳˡ
ҲҪҳΣҲ˳ҵʶ
ʳӰеͷˡ
ǷȻ˳ԼĻô
Σ
̰ɡһ˱ϡ
ʳӰ컳Լǲˡ
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ͬ˵Ц
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Щɻ󣬾㳯ǲˣɱͺôôͶ̥ˣǿɾʲôûˡˣҲԼɢɣ
δˡ
ܳԵǣְռıҲƣҲûʡ
ֻǡ
ŶܰҵĻǳԹ⣿ʡ
ʳӰܾڵĶԻЩŤֵֹģٰ¡
⼸ȱˡСĵɢţ⼸սԼ޹У϶֪ͨ˽Ң⼸ձҪˡڳԣ¶ڡ

ʳӰľúñŤ
Ϊʲô˿԰ԼĻǱ˵ô赭дȻԼĻǣ
ʳӰǺܾϸ˵ε֪ǲϵҢֱأ
ҿʶģȥɡ˵
ʳӰ˳ǵʶУֻҪ룬ʱͻᱻɢʶ
ʳӰȻ⣬ֱ˵ʶʶȴûô򵥣ҪȻһʼ͸ȥˡ
˵ţ濪ʶġ
ʳӰԻ󣬵ڳǵȫǶģ˳ǵʶϣҲȷû˺֮ǡ
ʱҲû˳ǵʶϡ
ֻһǽż֮꣬طһУҪκһƻǡ
ΪʲôʳӰ̲סˡ
øɸɾ˵

ҵѪɻգҢֱһնı壬Ѫȫûüո֧ϵ鶼þˡ
Щ˻ûӦʲôʱ򣬽Ңֱӻ硣
Щ̯ӣʲô˶ʰ
ҢͬȷʵˣȻˣҲ˴ˣƺ黹һѡҽҢĹͣ׼֣ظлû뵽ôˡ
ܲԻڣذҢʰ̯ӡ
ħħʵΪأѪͻȻΣڵϦҢֻܳ磬ħǽڿҢСҲǻħӣҪصǱ߳Ų˶ˣҢȥĻܲԴߵҲҪȥħ֧Ԯ
»࣡
ܲ֡

Ңɲܲ롣
ʱƼһصر㼱Ҵǵ޵ϡ
ǻǰš
죬ͷ߽ĽҢˡ
Ңϸؿδ̫Ҳ˿
Ѫɣ˼աһ䡣
ǵЦһ
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ǰյڹ¸֪ңԼ޹кüˡ˵䣬Ңߵ˳ߡ
鲻ãʱ̫ңҲȥȹЩʱգƽˣұȥߣɺã
̧ͷԼԵˡ
üĿɣñһĵģԺȴԵñŤ
ȥߣƾΪòɡ
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̧ͷŽҢɫѱ棺֪
ҢЩĬһŵǴħ֪ʱֳһࡣϣ֪Ϣָţδֹ
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ұȥѰתָ֮䣬ɺãСĵѯš
ɣԭüĿȴ˲
ֳȻѾתٽٻֻ䣿µںεأ
޽Ңı㡣
ڽҢ˵δʧǣȴĵȷȷԶˡ
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ڼƽɢģҲûĻš

һͶĻǴǡ
ҢԼͳʩųǽһڴǵլۡ
ΪһԱ󽫣ῪйĶլۡ
ʱ볯һһ䣬һսһı˴ǵʢⳡʷĿȴֻ˵ĹҲǴ˲ٹ;޴ʤ̡
ʱ볯Ųһ꣬Ǹеĺӡ
ǿױڻ˫֮ٸΪĸʱһ˹ģŻĺӡ
üĿͣ¶ŰУһͻλĸס
ĺӣӲ£ССһֻȴеڣӡгȫһСоҪȥץǲ˹ģȴ۵׹̧ߣÿζץ
ֳףƤܰסɫڲ԰סȴܹڲߡ
˵Сʱ򲻿޲֣ģСȫһ
ڳȻеڣûǺܺÿ۾ܴ󣬱Ҳû
Щġ



25 Ҳ˼䣨ʮ壩
㵽ԼʱҢ̫ˡ
١Ҳ֮ܳΪô
ߵο塢ɫ֮ͽĻӡҸжⶫǡ
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СӿɫҲĻôɫ
ʱҢַСһص㣬رϲ졣
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ЩȵǣСӾȻû죬͸Լ˵Լɻ飬ԼԸԸ⡣
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ͼԼţֻҪӦھȥǡ
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СҲǸִģͬ⻹ɵ㶵ظ£ҷıӾ͸Сһٳ顣
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Сϲ̵ϲֵߵߵȥһЩ¡
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ıأǳڶһء
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26 Ҳ˼䣨ʮ
ΪЩСʹorû⣬ǿһ໣һºһǳ֮ǰݺķ⣬Ǹµӵģ²ǱĽ
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Ŷǲ˵˵ڤ˵ţԪ񼫿غˣҢҲ֮ϡ
Χľٺˣ鶨һЩ½Ļ棬ͣһֺİĴС
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ħұƽ˵Ңͷ㲻ЩҲܸóϯһЩȽҪĳϣһ¹
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ⲻҪҢ˵ֻҪܻ
಻Ҵ֮㼫ܻᱻһûʱУܡҲԸ⣿
ʱ䣬˭ҲûԹʱʱԾмһת㣬߱תл硣Ǹתûʱģ˭Ҳ˵徿ΡĿǰƶܵĽǻߴһûʱŵ磬ĶΨԼʱŵġ
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27 Ҳ˼䣨꣩
ֻǴҴȥһۣ ûػص硣
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ʱ̫ңҲȥ硣
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28 ˭˹ʾɲɣһ
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29 ˭˹ʾɲɣ
ת۱ȥ
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⼸ǵĴԽԽмλ⼸ǿ иӽȡ
ϲɫʵж̤ڵĴѹɲ١Ȼ̤ôɽ۷ʿţ һǿţ ôܻ䵽زٲã ǵĵҲЩССҪǿ
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30 ˭˹ʾɲɣ
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31 ˭˹ʾɲɣģ
½ܣ Ҫһʿĸ ҪڳҲͬˡ
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ո촽ЩҰס
ǰ˴ɫǺ޵úܣǰĺ캣ġ
ϲ˵εģ һС
谵У ½ܵҲûӳ

ʵŵ½ܿĵطʱ һΡ
һְֻԱߵϣ˶š
һֱæǰסݸһɫƿ
ص׼õġ
Ǵ򿪴ƿޱһڿڽƿеĵҩȥ
㰡ЩΣʲôǿҼСҲûлģⲻ¿ηô
ǿһۣصϣӦҲ֪ΪʲôΪʲô
û뵽ôֱӣ΢΢һ㶡ع뵽Ǳӡ
͸ȡ裬ҲҪмҡ˵
һʱԡ
½ˣµ鷳Ҳ治١
̤δðȣҲһֱδӹȥ߳
ǳɵһ

ԭûˣΪ˳ǣǲòͣꡣ
ٵȰĲκá
رͷ졣ʴȻԭϱǣһϣ㲻ԭҪǱ£Ǽ̷
ҹͣذ赼ѹƣǿʴıѹ¡
½ܿǳǱչذգֻıչС
ǳغûգҲˡ
Ĵ֮һĴУҫ󣬶ûҹ½鷳½Ҳ̵ӣǷâ¶ǵûԹǰΪ˸ûͷ
Сϵģǰϵġǳǰѹˡ½ڱ߽սɱڵһϺڵĳϣⲻССֵķˣѾЩЩɵĵˡ
ң½ֻʹڵ˳ڣ츳½ﶼ֪߳˼˵ǰп绹ͣʲôȴǲˡڣѾʵʵǿˡ
ĴҲŵζҰޣѾ԰ˡ
ˣջǱһˡ
ǳֻ֪ǴͷСආ
Ŀ籩ˡ
ЩϼһҪˡ

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ϲȸ
ǻûȵЩϼһȵȵ½ܵš
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ر½͵ģ˺ĺڣҲмɵɵص׷
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ϻȻĴ֮һֻΪаȫȻŵϡʵϣϻѾǲĴˡ
С˵½ܣ˸ΥܷͣŹ½ܣٻԸһƷ
ǱЦˡ
Сλϣһڲ裬ֵͷһƷ
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ԽֹǮķ۷壬Ҳûʮ֮һǮ
ΪиɽڵĵǰˣҶԽֹ
½Ҳ֪£֪ǵĸײǰǳ֡
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ԳЩһ֮ѵ飬Ųɡ
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Ľ㡣һ˵
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ɫ΢Ц䲻ǰУ֮⣬ȴûܿ
ϳǵĲ͵͵ǸСѾͷƬӣǰɡ

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ɫЩ԰ףȴһƬ̺죬΢΢Щ͡޳ĲҲۡ
ǵøոյĸܡ
ǰǳֹȻδȫ븹Ҳ㳢Щ㡣
ȻЩ
˿ɰֿɺޡ
ϴԼС



32 ˭˹ʾɲɣ壩
Ѿ˽ Ƿĳɴ־չ˼ǧͲ˵ûУҸϲʹֵġ  21
½ܹҲֵּ͡ɽٻҪǧ꣬ ŵĻҲҪ꣬ʱ½ﲻ굽˶ɽڱɽ졣
Ȼ½ܴڵڣ ֻ겻
½Ҳ֪â¶ĵʵֵּ˻һ춼ûţ Ͼ磬˵ҲΪġǺ꣬ħ֣ն||ڱ߽ս֪ո˶ˣǰն||ӵؽƷƷ
̤ҲԾ˵ٶ𣬳ͷûжɽѹ⣬ʵĴŲѶá
Ϲַţ һЩǿ߶ ׷ȥȡԵ
˭֪֮ˡ
ڱ߽ս½һλħ޵׷ɱò¶ʵ
߽ս϶Ĵŵˣ ½ܵ˿ɲ٣ ܿ죬 ½ܽڵϢ㴫硣
ĴżҪˡ
̫ˡ࣬ 
½ﻹҪ£ ȫͻܹķ룬 ζ
һЩڰڵȴĴȴҲ޷ȴȥˣ½ܵĳɳ̫ ڲȥԺûлˡ

ǰ߽ս·ϡ
һԽڸ߿նסΡ
ǳǡ
±߿յķ紵죬ͦ޳δ˿ȴɽԽ
תŽȥ߽սնɱ½ܣң
Խֹ±޹أҪΪ𣿡һķص
䣬ǵǰˡ
òΪῡһ˺۳һ١
ѰڳˣĴǻĶɽ档
棬ʥ棬Ҷ
½ҵ£ҲûôĿƽؿŶˣֻǷڣλɽڵȴ˿ʾ
ˣǡԴŭݣ಻ٳƳǵţЩ꣬ﰵﻤ̤ڣڳǵķϣҵδƽϡôߣӻ½ܣҵݲˡ
ǳĵ
˵棬ҳǵǱȥǵ
䣬Ҳûϻʱ򳯴ǡ
Щ϶һ㣬ɽڣҲ˳һԽĴ󾳽硣
Ե·磬Ҷһҵó𣬶볯һǽһ֮ˣϴѹǳżҪɢʶǿ࿹ȴڼкֱӱһ
˷ڣ㲻öأҪ硣ǱɽڴˣǾͲôˡ
ǿסȴǿ֮ĩ
Ҷ˶һۣô˽ᳯǡ
ǶԳʵ̫ˣ֮ǰ̤ЩССֱˣȴǴǵĵߡ
ǣ
ȫԸ֮ʣȴֻǰһɫĽ滯޴ĽӰϯһаسǹ
ͫһʱ䡣
ܵķӦǼģһʵ޿ӣ޿ɵֵرӰɨɡ
ǣʵ
Ƿڣ
ȻڲʶһУʵ̫̫ˡ
ƺЩʬӸ߿յ䡣
͵¸壬ٴʱͷ­

Щ϶һؼټǧ꣬ҲһһǸظġʵǻһģһĴŵĸ߲ĵط
ҲֻĴŵĸ߲㣬Ƿϵǿߣʸ֪ط
֪Ҳû˸Щ϶ǣЩ϶ĶĿᶨڻ㱨鱨⣬طϼʮҲ
յ¿ˡ
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仰תˡ

Ȼһеװƶڳǽϰٶߵ²ǿﵽЧ
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Ȼ磬ϵͳ²֪һʹ֣ʵĺ޲ϵͳƨ
ԽֹʵҲԭоеĹ켣
Ҷͳûһȥ뿪ǰҪֻƣֱ˵ʶǵ֮ϡǵڳǵһ֮䡣
ڶɽڴ˵ֻҪ껹ڣָѡҶͳزúָܻ˹ƵԼ֪ǸҲҲһ˼ˡ
ٸСȡһЩʱ䣬½ܵٶȣȴ㹻ˡ
ˣҪˡжϵͳ˵
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ȵȰɡҲԼںٳ£Ҳûʲôϵͳ˵
аȡ

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ĴŶЩϾ˼½ˣΪħ޵ĽҪֲö࣬Ϊ֮Ƽˣжɽڵħܿ羳
Ǽ϶Ҳסˣֻǰ߽սս
߽սҪ̮ˣⱾ֮רſٳսΪƵĴģսռԼ֧š
½ʱУ˶ɽڣڱ߽սߣӵΪ䣬ħǱߣȴǱħħɱ
߾ս֧̫ĶɽڣǱֻλ
ǵ鼫Ϊӡʱʱ䣬ԭΪٵȵҲ޷˭̶֪̰꣬½ܾܳɳز
ͬΪɽڣǶ˵½ܵĶ֡Ⱥ𣬻᲻ᱻ˹ڦ̸߽ս޷̫Ķɽڡ
䲻ڱܿһǸʱľ콾ҲķѰ˵Ľֻߵ˶ɽ٣ȴڴˡ½ֻ˶̶꣡
ꡭָһ˲
սԽԽңĳ½һɽٺڵħսʱͻȻѿһ졣
½ЩȻ֮Ķɽڴȴͷ
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½ܵǶһ
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ΨжɽϣʸƽʱЩɽħ綼Ǽ겻ǿߺһЩ߲㣬Ѱ˶ûжɽڡ
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ǰν
ԼĶм裬Ŀңңؿһʡ
ҪβˣҪЩbossġ
½ܳԼҪʰʰˡ
ַm..  ...



33 ˭˹ʾɲɣ
֮ͷѷ죬ڼڴӱ߽սһֱ쵽ľͷ
κεط ֻҪ̧ͷ ܿǵֺ貵Ľɫѷ졣
һգ ֮Ķɽǿߡڱ߽սİ˵Ŀ½ѷ죬 ƴķ ¼ܱס
գ ԵϢ㴫ħ硣
Ҳֻ̧ͷһۣ һĻûʲôϵ
ЩΪɽڵ߳Խѷ죬ȴڽ˲䱻ʹˣЩͼѷҲʤķǰȴȥе߶ԣ ɱ
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̫ˣõ߳ģҲʱ㲻ֻءϵͳѵ
֪

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̤ڶ̶ڵǶΪ½Ҳɴ˳ߡ
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Ѿͻ˴ڣﵽĵزֻǲ֪ΪΣһֱûз
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֮ǰѾнûܹͻƴڣܹһԭ

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ʵ磬ͱˡΪ˷
Ҳ˵ʱûνĸˡ
ȥ֮ͷĴУҲίС佫Ϊ硣
飬Ȼһ͵ġ㿪һռ磬½˵סҪĲǿռ䣬ˡ
Ҫָܹˣͻƴڡ
鵱ȻҪģ޸лõ˼ߣҲƣڱȴǰҲɶˡ
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룬֮ôᶨҪߣҲڸƢ꣬ԼֺٰãҲóԿҪԼȥ
Գǵĸ飬Լò壬ҲԸȥСǰ㰮ĽӦù˶þͻԼġ
޹룬ǴǰЩҲΪǶ½ܾǰ˹꣬ʵǸ̫̫ࡣ
ֻ½ܵ£ҲûеȵǸ˻
Щסˡַm..  ...



34 ˭˹ʾɲɣߣ
̤ڳؽ ᵽԭļС
Ǽ Ҳ̤ڵԭַǰռȥ
Ȼ̤ڵѾ۷壬½ģ ԭڵһǧ˾͹ˡҪһӷӴ̤ڣ һ˼֣ҲԼһЩ顣
̤Ǳ߰ŵز󣬾֮ͷҲ£ ½ܾЩæ޿æˣԽϾԽķҡ
Ҳ˵ԼʲôֻǵӦʱѾֻصͳһסĶС
߽ǵ޾ӣ ȻˣҲˣЩ߻Ǹ˾ְ޹δסˣҲǸɾ
˵֮Լ ½һֱڵðգ Σ꣬ 볯һʱǼҲûаꡣ
лһ붼˻ܷͷ
½ټ޹ⲽţ Ҫٲ ԼȥҲǲԡ
֮Լϸ˵ԶԶô
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Ͼ̤ڵһȺɽٴܣǳǻţ̤ڸҲ֮䡣
֪˳ǲԼΪЩ˵һ֮ѣһֱڰ̤ڣ½ȴһ˿˵ڱıԵ
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ǰҶ˼δ֮ڿڣȴ̲סƤռЩˡҲ޷Ҫһȭһˡ
ҷģ½ұСɡ



35 ˭˹ʾɲɣˣ
½ܶ⼸֣ Ŀ⼸Ѫ
ԭˡ
ǰɻĵڴ˿ȫ⿪ˡ
ɳǱģ Ȼôڸֻһ±ҪΪ£֧ӻ
ȥ ֳǵȷûκͼıϲ ԼȻԼƲ䵭Ʋദ
ΪⲻദֻΪˣԼĺ˶Ŀã ȻͼıǱŻˡ
ϳ֮ǰ½ܴδԼϲˣֻһЩŵĻʹ˵Уʵжδ
ڳЩ ½ûй࿼ǵشӦ˱ͲںνֻʲôЩ˵ֻҪ˷һЩϵĲʱܻʵʵĺô½˵ʵһٺ㲻
Ҳȷʲôˣ Ҳ ʵǰӦˣ ֮Ҳˡʱ̤ıԵ ֻҪһϣ ͻӦϡ˸ ЩҪȵ˵
Щ½ϲ˵ʵкγ鶯
ǶӵеԴб̤ϣٴ鷳ҲԸδ˳һ䡣
ˣ㡢绪ʵլϲܣƫƫûһ˿Υ͸УϸˡΪԼܻһ˶|ʵÿһ鶯β̺죬΢΢ʪİţɢڷ
ÿһ̬ʱξл֮ȥ
ȻδϡҲδ룬ʵǱʶѾԼԳǵ밮Ľˣڳ֮ͷҴҴһЩϡʱѾδˣʵŽ
֮󣬾͸Ǻúðѻ˵Ӵ˲ҪٱӻǳǸĶǵãԸЯһδȵģȴ˺ԥ뿪
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ֻΪ˹񫣬Ȼٽ֮ġǡ񡱣ˡ
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ֻÿһڵѪҺڽŭ⣬ǰһѪɫоǿɲķ籩
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̤֮ڱ˴ѹһֱ˥䣬һֱ໤֮һλţٴδ̤ʢ½ܰٵ˵ɤȴ޷Ƶ΢䡣
໤½ɻ󣬡˭
Խֹǡ½˵㣬һ̤ڡ
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Ǵǰȷмֹ졣ι죬ȴһһԼϸ˵
һ½ȻЩźĲЩ˵



36 ˭˹ʾɲɣţ
Щ˵Σ
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ǵ͵֮ӣ ڼΪԺյļţΪСչ¶ߵ츳 Ǽ廹Ŷ谮 κҪԴܺб
 ͬӵԺյļҺͼߵ츳ⲻͬ ǸһЩΪͬһеİμߣ Ǻʶˡ
Ҳֻǰѳǵͨദ ǽ֣˲䲻ȵĳǣм⡣ڵڱ˿һ൱ĮʱЩš
òϣȷٵĿУοǻǸֺÿˡ
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½ﲢ֣ 볯ιĽ飬ڱ߽սĵؽ󱳽Է Ժ޽ٵһؾκһػġ
ڽɽһԽ֮ԪӤƴýϾʤ ͬʬڵգ ֻ۾ܶ½ǿָһЩ ȥЩҩȻ󳯴ǶǱ׵ֱЦ
ضݺݵ󳯴ǺòȥһһۣȻ˲֪ôؾͻȻЦ
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ԳǣûŮ֮ô
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Уˣʲôûˣαٵһڵˣ
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½زٺõĶҲۣڶΪж뷨ǶҲõϵġ
󣬷׷ɢȥˡ

ˣͳӣܲܰʲôı֢һǣԼСǰ߿ŵعϱʵ
ʲô˼
ұϿǸˡǽ͵
ԡϵͳ˵ֻڸһʱ䣬䵽˷ĺڣڸǲסˡ
û⣡ҾҪЧعڿˣǱСЦŴ
ʲôϵͳЩɻ
ʼʩЦе˵
ЩĶࡣϵͳ˵ţҲٹˣתͷˣϻ򡣡
ǵɴ۾ϵĿع϶ˣ˰ɣϴ궼һǧ
ȣļ۸񣬲гۡΣҪڸֱ֢Ҫ࣬ۡϵͳһ˵
ûϵͳһͣ˵˾Ǯ¡
ǧ˵
ŷ˰ɣϵͳץ񣬡ô۵ģ
ǾͰǧ

˻೶Ƥ˰죬öļ۸һǧˣϴλˡ
ϵͳεȴЦ˻СܳɱֻҪһǧ͹ˣ׬ˣǹȻǹ󻧣
Ҳ˸ۡ
ɵϵͳ֪ռˣˣżͷҲС
Щ֢״ڸǺ󣬳ǻĲˬҲʧˣʵСúõع˼졣
Ҳû̫ãʵʵά衣
½ʱװģظԼ衣
һ̧ͷ㿴½ſٱ
˿ɫȴЩˡ



37 ˭˹ʾɲɣʮ
Źվţ Եøߴ󡣴ǰϲһжľװűһ֮ϲ£üǹɢȥȴиĶѹһ㡣
˿İźڳķ籩 һ̱Ҫ˺
̧ͷ䲻س֣ һﲻؿ ȴþš
ؽõĲ赹 ΢΢̧ͷˣһ˿Ц⣬ȴůɫ
ôˣʡ
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һƽ|ˡڴϸпЩĲ˵ţ|ˬˬ̫ƵҲá岻ҵģҲҵģȻ׬ЩֶҪȥҩˡ
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ǡ
½ѹüۣס˳ǵ򢡣
˵Ļġ

ź޹У첻ϡ
һ˵ֹݵͿǻ⣬һȻֺĵ



38 ˭˹ʾɲɣʮһ
ӶɢҵıУ 䲻ϷЩƿ޷ǿ޵ ϸݵò񻰡
˿ס ᡰһʲôô
ˬĲУ װʲôװƾģǸ
ϱ۳ָۣ ɼ˵ĺ顣


һƬǽĴ
صֽϣһһײ֮
ͬʱһʹĹؽȫӣһʱ䳯˶ǹ㽩ԭء
оȫ⣬Щճ塣
Ǻ
С쵰ûֳˣȻûһ£Ƕϵͳ
⳯Ǵ˿̲ٵ飬 ϵͳҲû Ƶ½ôȽҢݣûô
ƽĶۣԽֹ½ܣ 㲻ģ ҲǾд ôڿ½ܻϳˡ
Щ߰ġ̾ ׶׳𣬺οǰΪҶ֣ϣ Ҫϵ ӵ ҲǷӸǺˡ
Ҳû˵һԼô롣ϵͳ޷⡣
½ôˡ˵ˣҪϵģȴҲҵġƴȨܵǰΪݷصıȴȫȻҪˣȻ¶
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ЦԸ¡
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ƽĶۣ½ǱȽҢ¶ˡҢ˿˵ǲ顢ܳٶۣ½ȴǲǷԼĶ֮ϡ
ҢЦҲĬԣδ˺ǵͷֻһֱô˷½ȴЦݹϣ˹賯ǡ
԰Ϊ˺ͳ||˺δбϵĲͬ
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һƬǽǺܣȴԸ½ϴȻ½˵ȴ΢΢½ɵؾͽȫϴ˸飬ʱָϵ¶Ⱥʹȴ½΢˫ۡ
ǾЩ
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Ŵû˵
֪Լôִһùͷˡ
Ѿ޷£ò
ûСá½ܵȥЦ⣬ֵڳǶ˵һãǰҪҶá



39 ˭˹ʾɲɣʮ
جΰһ·ֻǸʼ
Դ˱㱻һ޹У ½ԶҪĺݣ ½ӲӲþʳв ڶ½ܱ°ͣ ֱظࡣ
ǵ½赭дźģ Ц˵ǰһٲʳ ұ٣ ǰǲţԡ
ʱǱſڵϣ ǿֳԼ ϻЩࡣ
ԼԼǱֿ
У ½ܾӸµؿ
Ǳۣ ۵뷨
Ҳɱ в½ܡ޹½ܿһķ󷨣 Ǳ½õ󷨺ģ ޷޹ɱ
Ҳû½ܷƾʲôҪôһĹεС
һп̣ ձ֮ⷽأ С޶ȺͰٰѣ Щסˡ
ĳһգ ½ѪҪųȥ
ܣС飬 Ǻˡ
컯գ  Сôó
ǰģ ЩʹӶǲɢˡ½Цܵذ
˵ţ⿪˳ǵ׼Ǳ
Ҳȥ̧ͷ½ܣû
½޶ãǵҪ
Ǽˣùͷ㳯½ȥ
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ʱˣƽʱϴЦҲŭɫǱ㲻ùˡ
ǰһѽǵŵͷ˵ʲôȴͻȻס
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ֻǱ̧ϲˮ˿죬ȴδεµֱ˻ǲǸܶص˶һüͷԽֹ
½ȴǿúڵ֪ࡢǺһֱӲĳȴǶʱЩˡ
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ǰҲֻһƺǣ½
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Ǳ˺òã
ƺҲԼһ˼˿޳ܶˣ򣬲ǿֹס
½óһӣɾᡣ
ŴһԲ

ǵĹϵ˲١
½ܲǿȳһЩ飬Ҳǰ½ҪôһԣҪô
ҲԽԽɶȣ½⹬߶
˫żһɫһ󶣵졣
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ȥ޹ͽµǺ½ܿһѸĺõİ¡
Ǿʱˣĳ½޹Ѱʱ˵ȥ޹档
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Ϊյ踺ظ֮һŭա
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㻹Ǹ߿Ƽᾧ㲻Ȼ˵꣬һأץ
Сϵͳǰ㲻ţҸСֽţ֤㲻ܻϣ˰ɣ
ǵһξϵͳǸôõˡôõͳһǾУ춯ְɡ
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40 ˭˹ʾɲɣʮ
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ʱ˯Ҳһʱ½ܱ˯ԣ ֱ۽
ͲҪ˯ˣ ˯ʱ Ҳᱧǳ˯һ󡣲ǰǱڵ˯º󣬻˯Ҫǿѹ ʱ½Ͳˡ
ǳǵһ½ܻ˯ԵʱѹֱȥĿ⿴½ܣΪ½ǿһӦֻСĵشͬʱгһ׭
׭Ϊġ
м飬 Ҳϳֻгǡͺ֪֪ Ǿǡ½ʵ½һƻת
½ɢʵһƻǱ͵͵
Ҳ½ĳֱһԾȷʽǵʱ½ﻹûﵽһ;ˣ ʱδ½һƻǣ ŵ֮ͷ ʶĻǣ޸ҡңת½ܡ
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ڳ˵ݵԽֹԽֹôȻҲԼôˣһܴ©ߣˣ½δػŹƻһֻء
Ϊʲô½￴Щ֡
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Ҳ֪ԼҪԼǵԡˡƫƫﶼǸСµĻֱý೾ϴ
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Լ½ӲطųǽˮСֻҷסǵ䣬ó֧ˤԵȫȻҶදˣϸȵĴУȴ޴롣
ͬʱлͣصųǱдŵĻ
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лҪ˵ͻȻ뵽ܵİҪҲ֡ҿԷˣǷǵûqaq
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģҼǵղַμַַ  ޷޷  


41 ˭˹ʾɲɣʮģ
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ֱź󱳣 ҵزϴ塣
ط˵Ͼ㲻ôϴ һҲˡڡ
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ԼСͣȴôŪʲô
½վԣ ȻǶζСģ⽩˰죬½ҲЩ
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˵ǰСָּ飬ǱĥˡС
½˵½ˣҲûʲôɫ΢ʣô㶯֣
½ʲô࣬½½ҵֱϵСӶԳ޲飬ֻСû
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ԽֹȻϲ½
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һȫĵطѸٰˡ



42 ˭˹ʾɲɣʮ壩
Ӱһܿͳˡ
ӰһӰ죬 ӰǳҴഫһ֯ĳ̶ֳ˵ ͬʿ
Ӱһ ϵİѪгǰϵİ߰Ѫۣ ʱһ㶡
ˡ˵ʲô̧̧֣ ʾȱ˵
Ӱһû˵ˡ
ʴ䡣ǿżɽ ûûˡ
Ӱһͫһ
Ҫ뿪ı뿪 Ը뿪ģȥҫĳԵģñɡ
ǳҳʣµΨһһϵ ǳСӣ񲻹ʮꡣҫ½ܽɢ󣬳Ǳȥٺˡ
ϵҵģкܴһָǳҵļҵˣ ЩӦʣºˡ
Щҵ˴ʽ ӰһһƧԺ䣬 Ҷžκ˴š
ټؽӡ
ԺаŲ裬 üĿ
Ļ սɡ

ȻǲԸ
 ԭ鷿п顣
ԽԽˣҲҪòܷһҳ
ͻȻԺӱƿ
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׭ЧˣҲֻ֪ˡǰû׭
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ôʴ䣿־־壬һҲĴ𰸸ͷ



43 ˭˹ʾɲɣʮ
ǰһЩϸ˼鱻
֮ǰڱ߽սʴ䣬 ޽䣬֪˳Ǻ󣬳ǰǸ˴ ׾ٵؾͰϵʴˡ
˵Ҫϵ˽赼 Ǳͷβ˽̣ 󷴵չ˰졣
ǰ˭Ҳ Ͻ
ȥʹǸˣ ֻ˵Щ Ҫչ
ڹ˰󳯴Ǳˣ Ҳûʲô Źȥˣû롣
ǸڳǵĶͣ˽꣬ ֲ֪ˡ
ʱֱϲŵЩɫϸߣ ЩͶʱһ ָһδĴ𰸡
۾ýѪӺ伷˼֣ҵʴתԼˣ
ǿĿЩΡ˵Ҳ˵ֹֻסѪҺָ
ܿ죬 ƺ˼ üͷ ƺʹൽ˼㡣
½ٲҵ ԴԴϵ ƴ͡
ЩһЩã ⣬ջ½ܵĻС
½ܵͷָ
̶̶ʮ꣬Щ˼ҲδĲ׳һһߣҲδйһ˿η塣
˿̣ȴΪ־度µʱ
ж񲻶Ϲעź֫ٺӡ
ʶ̽볯ǵ|ڣǧٿ׵ǰһš
ÿһ綼ŻĶ½ȴôӲɢʶˣֻԭµġ
ʴ䣬ʱѾ볯Ϊһ塣
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ġ
סǣüһǡ
㲻ֻΪʲôΪ˸ԼҪ
ΪʲôҵڣΪʲô㶼˵
㲻ġ

Դ½ܴ֮ͷ˱֪Ͳһˡ
ǧһֱ綥˵ĴŵĶɽ漸½ϣĴҲʹɢ̤ڳΨһһ
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˵硣½ȴЩղб˷̳ʵϵƿߡ
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һ죬½ȴΪ˷ټеİƷķ׭ʦʦԼϵĵ޺ͷޡ
ģֻҪʴоҲ
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û֮ǰµ޺ħ޾һ߽ս֮ͷһᵶն˰ϵĶɽٴܡ
˵ɱˣû˸ҵЦ
ҪˮˣЩҲ԰ϲĦȭơ
ǵһ⣬˲䴫硣ͬʱһݴӾϵĹ¡
֮ͨ·

һǰӳǶ뿪󣬱صǽɽϳ
ǵ˲䷭ԽǧɽˮǺÿһ䣬ɽ
Լﵷʲôһʱˡ
׭ʦʦʴ䡭
½ܷ
һ˲䣬ͨеϵ
ǣ
ҵʰһЩš
һֻֽ׳ϣ̼仯޴Ļݼۡ

ǵһʱڣϵĹоˡ
Ǻܿ˽Ҳвȥ˳ǡ
ԽֹڴϻԲѣɫ԰ֽо
½ԣһ̲
һЩš
֮ǰԽֹ½ܵĻԼν硣ʱ½ܻ˶ͻȻðСʲôͷô͵Խֹô˻˴󷽵ʾ¡
½ܵһЩ˼½ƾ֮죬¶ǳİɡ
ȵڣ½֮ܳЩĴУǵĵλַת˹˽´ţԽֹ½ܵĻԼƺûн⣿½ܵǶһֱûԽֹϢ
Խֹϲߵ˵½ԽֹΪά棬Ҫˣ
˿ǿһ龰Щ²ֶƷˡ
ɱԽֹӦòǴȻãӦкĸ顣
ֻǡ
ʴ䱾޽⣬˵Ѳ̽Ĭ뿪ˡ
Խֹܻţƶǿ½ǿ
գˣһ˸˵ܽ䡣
½ܿйһصˣ֮Ҳޣ
Ϊ׵ԾƷʦڵϣͷԽֹϣұѰʴӺӦ˽ϡʴһᷴɡԽֹܳʵףӦиŵӻ
Ǽ޿ʩΨһЩرһʴʱתʴתЩֹⷽʣʴ൱ڱιҲ˲׳κر޷
ǵʦ˵ͷ˵ˡ
ԭΪǴ֮ͨû뵽ȴһ·
Ҫ½ܻ᲻˱ŭǨŭǡ
½ܴ˿ȴ˶Ҫ
תͷ˫ĿյˣеĿֻżҪû
ͻȻִһٵĽŲ
ߵ½̧ͷŴȥʱзЩ΢⡣

ǵ˵ģ
߽˴Ҳ˲佫Ŀڴϵϡ
ڿ˵ʱͫһʱ򴲼
ڴǰվϸϸ˳ǵģϲŵĺɫϸߣֽʶ̽볯ǵ|ڡ
ܵ˼ĴʧܿƵ˼
ɫ㱣ŵصô
ϵʴôھصز
ǰˣ㲻ܶΪҲΣǡ



44 ˭˹ʾɲɣʮߣ
ʱܰʱ˵ˣ зڵΪƵĵҩѹƣʴҪ˳ǵ ֻԪˣ ܶȫѡ
ȴ
 Ҫҵʴⷨˡʴ볯ǵ꣬ Ҳ췦ˣ
תͷ½ܣ ûЩ˶Դ½ܵľη ֱʵߺ ɽڵʿ֣
ǰΪ Ҳ֪Ѿˡڴ˿Ѿ޷Լʵˣһ֪̽½Ҳ֪ʵΪ
½šü һʱɫҲЩӡ
꣬ ٳ ½ܵļδʿ֣۶ɽʿ
ʵ볯Ǵһʱ䲢ȻҲ֪
ɽϵʿġǴ֮ͷĻԵ֮ ӦеĶɽʿȥǵʱ λûȥ
֮ǰͰЩĻ߼ Ȼ˭û
ڳ ʥҶ
Ȼ֪β ҲûŹǡԭǴ֮ˣ ԴЩ˱һֱβˣ伣ˣһֱûڳǡ
ǿɵúܡ
½ܵʵѾмֵ׼ˡϾʱѾ˷ΪսǿһֱҲδĴʾֵмĶ⡣һЩնݳҲ֡
ʱ򣬾һֱơ֪ԼûʤɽٵļʣҲս׼һ·ǵϰߡ
һֱûƽ˾ȹꡣ
ԽɫԽոֱʶͨأѰ˵ټ
һؾС磬һֱͻȻֵ飬˱ֱץ˾졣
͹һˣͻȻƾճ֣Ӱе䡣
ǺôжɽΪǿվȺ̧ͷ½ܺѹѹһصˣ뵽ճֵҲܲ³
ǵͷ½и񣬵ֲ֪γƺˡ
ֱƳǸڴϵ˵ĿȻǳǣ
뵽иŵƣɫҲЩѿ
ע⵽ǵɫ仯½̧ۿǣʵشһ⣬١
ǣ볯Ƕ֣
Ҷ򳯴ǣɫӣջǿڵһǰ˽¶
һԵ׽֣졣
½ɫҲѿûֻǺԵɣΣ
ԥҲ֪½ǿ˵ѲãŭҪѯǣֱѻɡ
Ϊɱ㡣΢ӲͷƤ˵һǰҸҶԭҪȥ߽սɱ㡣
Ĵ½֮ǰЩԹҲ½ǰ˺߲Ҳڡ
ڰ·ءǲŵ֪Ƕɽ٣⧲֮£ҶЩնɱһȴƣвٶ֣𡣡
˵󣬾ȫЩ
֪Լܻܲ
תͷ½ܣʱ½вѪ˿Ϊˡ
ȴƽ˵ˣҲܲµˡ
˿̶½ܵĸйٺܲã˼Ķ⡣
Ȼ㲻ҽߣҲͨҽ֮һոʶһ̽ǣܿǾʲôϼˣʴɵ˺⣬|ҲΪңԿҷһЩҩ
ЩҩǴ֮ã̷֮ãӵ
һʱŭѪһͷһʱĺ䶼Ѫζ
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½ܣڰѳƣ
Ǿ½ЩҲδСӡԴǱӻһ٣߾ȫΪ˻СӲԼǶ½ܣֹд½ȴ
к޵üŻѪȴɳһֹƽ
˵곯ȥɽҳҽһ˵ʴ䡣ʴ޽⣬ΪҩҩѾˡȰǷΪãȴʮּ֡޷ֻܸʴȻ޽⣬һϣֻǸ˱߱ϵΪ
ͬˣ˱Լԭ˵ãȻʴתϻᵼԪˣôΪֻ֮ͣҪȫ㲻˼
ĿƵ˳ҶϣƺЩЦ⣬ɫȴÿ£ȻΪһЩԭ򣬳ǲò֡
½ܽĿŵ˳ϣʢѩݴ˿ȴһ˿ѪɫҲޣ͸Щ޽ɫ඼۵üѿס˼ȴԽԽָۣⶼЩܿƵĳ鴤
۵£
ԭǣԭ
Ϊʲôʲô˵
֣ҪǵȴͻȻס
תͷؿ
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Ҹո̽֡˶٣˫۶½ܣˣǷӵ
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ԤһӲ̵ࡪ˵ǶУᱻ˽ҿ
Űؿʾ˵
һԴЦݣӵҩҸ׼ѹʴĵҩҩ壬ʴʴٶȣŵ³㡭췦

һϢľĬ˲½ܺ䷢һЩֵ졣
ЦҲǿޣǻͻʹˣֻѪģ䷢İ
룬½һ֣գۼ䱻Ӿ쵽֮¡
ǰˡ
ǸոյĳҶǶɽٴܣȴΪ˽ôһ
̾ϢţԿ뿪ˡ
ԭΪǻԵһʲô˲õţǵǣҲ޲ֻܿЩ뿪
ʱֻʣˡ
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վһԣ½ܰЩ˻˺󣬱һֱųǡ
һҪסǡǳ鴤ָҲֻ£սǵգƺȴʼδȥ
ֻţԲ𡭡
һһ飬ȴЩҲҡ
ƺҲ֪ԼĵǸǲܵõκ½⣬Ҳõõκ½⡣
ͶˡΪǱʹǸе⡣
㲻䣬½ܡ
ʵӵҩԸ׼Щѹʴĵҩͻ
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áô
˻Ƶò
ʴѾ꣬ûа취ˡ˵ֻܲʹǿά
İ취ǰǾƷʦ˵һ
ҴάֳͬʱҲ൱ιʴ䡣ʴԽǿҪԽԽ࣬ѩһֱٶҲ׷ʴʴٶȡ

½һΡ
μԼ֮ͷȥ˳ǵĶȴ˸˳
һֱûȥˡ
ոһգ¸һ¡ϲ˵ȴѾÿ췢裬еĵһٽͣվȥһ
Ϊֹһģһ
ҲǴ￪ʼǳȫͬߡ
ԭͨǵϢҵһֱҲǣ˾ôԤ׵شʧһ
ãĴһʼԴƵԽţŵÿ췢ˡ
ȥˣһ˾ǲأܲصģ
ƾһ˿΢ϢһƫƧɽҵ˳ǣطҲʵзһģһ
ˡ
Ǽª
ʵҵʱǼԺȻΪªȴԵǻϲһεԺǰƵ衣
ǸԺӺȻѾ˴Ĳݴ
Щ̤Ǽᡣ
ΪȻг΢Ϣ̶ֳȻǳǡ
Ǿ壬̤Ǽᡣ
ǸĿѵһĻ
ϣȴһϢҲޡ½ܵӽǣһ۱㿴˳´󣬲԰ֽ漫۵زźɫϸߡ
ָָѾ¶ɭɭİ׹ǡ
½֪ԼΡ֪ʴڽɺɻḽϣϲʳֱһ˿Ѫⱻɡ
½֪ԼΣһ̻ǱĪĿֻࡣ
Ҳˣ¿ֻźµ˼㣬Ǽس嵽˳ǰ



45 ˭˹ʾɲɣʮˣ
ڴϣȫӲţ һ۾ܿǰڱ޴ʹĥ
ȴ ʮƽǼΪ̹Ȼؽ
½վǰ ֮࣬ȴͬǵ֣ ڴʱȴͬ˲˻
ۿˣ ԼȴȫδֻǶǰˣһĻʵǻƹֵˡ
ôôأ
Ҫ˵ͻȻȥ һӦҲ𶥵İǾܾš
½ʮ˳ǣǸ;ˣ ȫȻ½ܵС½ϲðգϲƴ ԼһһΣԼȴûһ죬 Ҳᡰ
ôܣôǿ ½ܵļִǴݶƽ κ鶼˾š
ǰˣ ЩܾվǱһء̵ĥ
£ µ־ ס ʰı
˰׹ɭɭָ⣬ţ˭Ҳ֪˵ʲô
һ˿ůɫ
ҹɫŨòľ϶һ˪
ȳ΢ٴεǳûеȵκβʵʵ漣
½ܱ𳯴ǣԴײ뿪
½ܣһֵӽǣһֱעһеķ
ʲôؼС

½ܵеġԼų뿪󣬻һתһС
ıڶǺıǽĿһƬס
ȻͻȻôһ龳½ȴΪһ֪ǰʴڲʴʣ|Լȴ޷ʴֻ꺮ףʴʴٶȽ͡
Լ߽ڷ˲һ㺮˪Լȴ
ԼǱϣ촽΢˵ʲô
ոǸİͬʱġԼƺƽġ½˽ԼģܿԼľ
ţЩ½ͻȻ١
ԼϽڱԣһաһաԼָİ׹һǽڣ˫ʱ
ණ߽ڶһп̻ʲô
ʵܴ󣬵ߣֱ䲢Ӷɵĺ硣½ܱ㿴ǸԼڱвá̻
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һһΣԼеľҲԽԽҪ˫۴̴
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һ죬½ֳܷǵͷһҹ˴롣
ʱе½ܵһοޡ޵ĿЪ˹ټıлصްı
ٴ顣
½ʲôûˡ
ֻãؼ䣬ڶԻ
½ܣؽ磬ΪΪ
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˵ˣʵɱҡԽţԽױ¶
Ҫ磬˭ҲûԹʹ˱ˣ
Ҳ
ɹˡݺҲӵд˿̵ļ䣬ǻ
ΨһĻᡣ

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һ̣ĳǼҪξǰ׹ǵʬغϣ޴ĿֻżҪ½ܵ顣
صش˼ͻȻһʹ˲һӴļС
½ܿЩ䣬͵͵Цˣɳ̶ִ
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еЩԭģͬǣһεĳǸûлҵʱ򣬶Ǽбʴˡ
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ܻˡ
½ܰвϵظԼ룬ֱȫв־硣
Ϊ˸Լһ˿þȫŽǵӳ˼¡
ʱǣֻҪܻԼҵʱһ߾ȫؾκõġ
̫Цˡ
עһĻỻĲأǱ䱾
δȳǣΪʶĵĶٰĥһһΣ
ǼᣬԳ˵һֵöֳĺ¡
ʱ˿̣ŻȻѣһһԼ
½ܣǸħ
ֻ֪ܴʹࡣ
ǣһš
Բ

½һֱڳߣԴԴϵظ
һʼĹ´ࡣΪһصͨأǲ
أʴز׳Խһºֻһ̲ͣΪֻҪһͣ£ǵڷͻȻס
һֱ˫ۣƺԶҲˡ
ٻ½Ψһץŵϣ
챻ľ󣬽Ͼۼ˴
£ֱһ죬½ǵڷǴѩ
½ܶŴŵ˼㡣
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ʴѾ׳󵽾㶼޷ĵزˡ
ԼľѪһԡ
ȾѪˣǱͷѪ
ͷѪˣͷ⡣



46 ˭˹ʾɲɣʮţ
ʱ˵
½Ļ û˿ԥؾȥȡԼľѪǰ ȻѪԣ ͷѪǸã
֮ˣ ԼĸλȽŨ лġ
˵ͷѪǺãҪһȸͷѪͻʴٳɳ ûѹĶˡ
˵ʱ ɫӵؿ򳯴ǡ
½ܻŶĶ⣬μֶε½ʳ ¹ϵǵ ȻҲ˵ѡ
ֻǡĻ
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Ҳ꣬ ֻҪ¡
˭Ҳ֮δ ֻ˵عһһա
½ܾѪке⣬رждЩҲͱ½Ѽ˾֮ϡ
رҩֽѪУ һιǳ¡
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ˣ һ󣬳۽΢ϾҪѹˡ
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תͻȻ˵½Ӧĳˡʴ䲻ܽжתƣһһҲԸ뿪
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ֻΪٷְȷҲδ½ܡ
½ܵȷǸİǡ˵ͬʱҲһǰһ֮꣬תΪ½ܣΪ֮ͷ֮;ٴοţ½ϣ縺Ρ
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˵껰󣬵ˣ½ܻȴѾٴλ˯ȥˡ
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ʴڿʳ
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ֱһʹƺߡ
ǻˣ̫ˣȫûһۣÿһѪ⡢ͷڱʳ



47 ˭˹ʾɲɣ꣩
½͵վ ߵǰ
´ʱһƬڰ ҲؿǴʱģ
ʹţͷ޽亹 ȫһƺ۵˵ ֻܼѵطһЩƵĺ
½ܶʱؿػ۵ò֪Ǻã ȥ㽫Ǳ뻳У һ̲ͣظ
Ǻ⣬Ȼ۵òС½ֱָΪУԼ ѪҺιǿС
ǴʱѾ۵ʶˣ ҧأ ѪҺҲ£ ֻܴӴ¡
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½ܼ״üԼҧһӣͷѪ⣬ סǵ°ͱιȥ
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۵üԴϢȴ˲Լֻٴνǿûʱҧ飬ͷѪ
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Բֻǻû׼
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okokǵͷǻɶ߰ɣ

ȳٴۣĿḶ́ǾѶȲ
ǰ˵Ǵִ塣
ⲢǸŴ磬Ǹִ磬󲿷ִ粻ͬǣԱǸabo趨
ǸͨbetaͥǸͦȨƵĸĸ׵ҴǰҲмȻʱĸ׵ұ£Ѹ˥䣬ǽơѸ䵭ĸף˼꣬ĸҲ򲡹ˡ
ĸ׹һº󣬸ױһλŮomegaбȳСalphaܵܽǼҵĴլʱ򣬳Ҳꡣ
ǾӰĽ䣬ĬĬʮꡣ
ֻǸƽӹbetaڳҸŵĹѧУУһȺalphaOmegaУԵ̫ۡûʲôڵڳɼ涼ԵʮƽӹŬΪδỷ˼ʹϵеõƴԸԱûһѡ
ΪǱԸΧ󣬳ܵѧУż
ȻͬģĹԶῡ
῱ȳǴһ꣬ļҾˣǸǵȨῼǰ˵ǲֵһᡣǸߵalphaͱֳ˹˵츳ϣһֱͬǸ
볯ǺԶֻһ˿ѧУȵϣŻῴǱӵĹâɵꡣ
Ҳû˻Լʲô
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ῴȥ˸渶ҽҩѡ
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ڲһǳӰ΢ֻȳǴһ꣬ȴȫȻһεˡ
ҩݸ˳Ǻ󣬱뿪ˡ
һǶߡСķУһβһΪȵա
ۣǿҽ̸ģų뿪ǸСģ
ϵζƺɰصζӦþalphaϢأȻֻǸܶϢӦbetaȴȻζǶС



48 Ӱ׷ŹΣһ
ǵڶѧУһ죬 Ϊȥ῵л
ǲһ꼶 Ȼһ࣬ǽȴͬһ¥ΪǸ߶ӵģǸ Ǹ߶
ƽʱμ䳯ǳȥϴּߵˮ֮⣬ ٻҡǽÿһڿμ䶼߳ң ϣ װſϷʵڴڵĽҡ
ϧ῵λþźʹǺֻܽģؿһӰ
ǰڿûгңƺڿϲߡ˺ܸߣȻŸһװҡſϲߣ ǿĵЩСˡ
ǰڿγǶûҵ˵



ڿομ䣬῵ǳˡ
ȵľͷ һֳֻϣһλ̸
˵ǸҲǸalphaжʢ ͬǸԺաɼòܳڵˣ ѧУܳûκȦӺѵ˶֡
ʢƺ̸ܽһֱ˵ʲô ֻżӦͼ
ӳǶȿȥ ֻܿĲ ͦıüǡԵЩ°͡
ӦЩѪȻԣǴдɫ۾пԿ
Ǹ龰غˡ
ǾЩ죬ŵĶǺǵ̸ƺһˣʿˮ˹ȥ
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175㲻ر𰫣ͷ
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ʱϿεˣ῵Ҳǵģˡ
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ǿߵĸߴӰ죬ûҽס
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ῷһѧ飬̵Ӷδƿ
ԣ
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ûʲôԡ˵ǸСbetaϴ㣬ֿġЦ˵㿴ء
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ʵҪи߿ڸ߶ʱͲμtop1˺ü֦ȴûѡֱǰȥѧУЩҲֻǸ߶ʱμ˼˸ߡһûȥ˵ʦȰ˺üΡ
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ߺ󣬳Ҳûڿμȥ͵͵ڰˡ
ȻϲѾˣЩ˼ż˼ֽڡˣҲϰˡ
ûκγ֮ǰȻһֱڷܣɼҲֻǿάڰ༶еȡ
ǲ֪ʲôʱƴһѧϰһֻ˯ĸСʱμʱ۾ҲֻЩԾϡʦƴŵȰüΣѧϰǺҪЩѧУûô彡Ҫǡ
ȴδʦЩΣûʲôʦϲѧϰͬѧضѳǵԴڡ
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ڳȥרҵʱڽ΢סһЩεĵ죬ǽڿεĽλȽϽţʱֻгԱ߻ŵλá
ôͷѯǸԴˡ
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̧ͷֵ̰ӵؿһۣɿƿĿ⣬С˵ûûС
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ԭг˵֡˰죬ƺвû˵֪֡û˵ˡ

Ώǵ
֪óǿϲѣͷţ



49 Ӱ׷ŹΣ
Ǹʼ ֻǸʼ
Դǵ˵˼仰󣬴ӴǱǹ˵ͷ֮ ϿʱżҲм佻̸ģ ûˡ
ʱʮָˣ ʱһã ̰
ϰڽҵһţϾרҵģмĻܾЩͻأﵹмϵѡ˴ŵĶȱѡȻÿζò磬ǰλá
˵ ϴܹһ ҲǸѵõɺϡΪǽڿεʦʮܻӭвרҵѧΣλ˷ǳš
һĬĬῡһ࣬ ֳ˲٣ ӦѾһ׾ˡ⿴űӰһѹȸС
ϲΰǳⱲ顣ֻһݷĵ׵ġСϲ
ϿΣ ҲطῲһЩ֮ǰûвμӹŻѧ֯ еĻҲȥ롣˵ʲôУ֯ûμӣ ƺѾʼִһЩļҵˡ
ļͥأͬѧҲ˵һ ֻԼһЩҵıԵ Ӵʼδ¶빫֮ǰ
֮⣬ ῵ȦҲġڸʱһЩϵܵѣҶѧУġеȺﾭŹЩ˵Ļ⣬Щ˵һЩУҲԼܿ῵ҲЩ˹ϵܡǳԶҲ벻˵Ȧӡ
εĹҲֻ֮˵ϼ仰
ǾԼ̫̰ˣǿܹῶ˵˵
ģע⵽Ὼ񾭳û͡Ϊ  


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˵ЩζˣֻһЩӲҪϿεĿγ̡
żűҵ
ѧڣѧ֣ʦ׼ǰ磬AҵˡʱǲŴѧڡ
Ƿ˸޵ʵǲóǰΪӲͷƤѧߺҲûѧſεıҪˡңҲ뾡ҵˡ
˸ʵûʲôӰ죬ֻǴǰѧЩγ̶˶ѡ
˸ޣǶʱճʱ䣬֮ŵҲǰһҵˡʱ῱ҵҲһ롣
ȥеһҾƵ깫˾ӦƸΪῼҵ֮һ῱ҵ󣬱ڹҹ˾˵Ϊ֡
ҹ˾AҲʮֳÿӦƸУҵʤ֮ճΪҹ˾һԱ



50 Ӱ׷ŹΣ
񳯴Ƕʷϵ ʵǰ̻ǱȽխġҪôжҪôȥʦʵѧУרҵɼǺܲģ õУı´࣬ĵʦҲ ڱУ졣
ճǾȥƵ깫˾ӦƸ ĵʦЩʧ;ȵġϾ ҲЩרҵԿˡ
ʹְһЩæңϰӦЩⲿ˹£Ҳϰˡ
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ⶰõĶ㣬ϲнʣ·żȻϡ
żȻ һָ⣬ˣʵķȻȻˡ
дγϰ࣬ ῡ
ڹ˾ſڡ˵ҴҸ 飬һ
ңʮ׵ʱ ǿˣ һ㶡
῱˺ܶ࣬ û䡣ǰѧУϲһЩƫе· ȴʮʽɫװ ϵıʯɫƣͬͬĸ߲ʡ
ŬôãΪ˽һ㡣ܿʱֵˡ
ʶЩŲ´ȥٽȥ
ȴûϽȥͣסˣ򿴡
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ϲҲ֮
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ҾƵ깫˾֡
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Ҽǵʷϵ˵ûȡ
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ǡҡҡԴҲ̧ͷ
ȻǣΪʲô㲻Զˡ
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ļУ˵ĵһӡ󣬱ѯԼĸ߿־Ըʱ῱ܿԼİĽ
һμˡļˡȴĽԼ˵Ҳϡƽ
񳯴ֵģȴ١
߳ǣĸ߿־ԸA˾Ŀˡ
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ͺܺóԣ֪ס޻ôʱŪЩ
ڣ˻ΪԼ
һʷϵıҵרҵǰ;ԡǿˣְϷⷢȣ˵мרҵֻǰáȻǡ
῵Ŀڳͣ˼롣
ǵͷýŵú󱳶ð亹
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Ȼ̸ϼ棬ֻſڴҴ˵˼仰
Щɥ
Ϊ֪ʱ꣬һθܵ⣬ⱾӦóǺܸˡ
Ѿ˵ȥҪǸһǿţЩܽܣ̫鷳ˡ
ܾ῵ĺ⡣Ŭôãò˽˵㣬ȴĲʶôƻˡ
û뵽ܿٴμ档
Ǵμİº
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ǸǸæ˵ţ˵̧ͷȿ屻ײ˵ʱȴʱסˡ
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῿ǰССֻbetaҲЩԾ
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רŽܹϢصĿѵѰalphaֵ˵OmegaϢضͨЧǴʱᵽǵϢʱȴЩ޷ˡ
ЩȣűԼţȴЩվȡ϶Ǻĳǣʶһ¡
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ڵˣʱѾվȣֻܰ߳ȥ
ڴʱ󲿷ѾȥˣȻⲻɢݵϢرȻɧҡ
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Ҳ亹촩ĳʪˣƤϣԼܹճϸݵߡ
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һҴææظһӡ
棬ȥƼῶ˵
Ҳʣûӱˣ˵ϰ壬ˣ˯ȥˡ
῵ͷƿ˽ȥǹϢػǺŨ
ǿɳϣССһš
῵Ŀͣ˼롣
ףԼôһˣӵôߵ϶ȡ
Ȼûо֪ܸߣ˶ߡ
ˣȫͬԼҲܻϲˡ
ܿ콫Ŀƿˡ
һalphaֱ°֧ıܣҲᱻ϶ңûҪ̫⡣



51 Ӱ׷ŹΣģ
 Լһɳϡ
Ŀһķ䣬õüּ߸ɳǰڷһ칫 ȫͨܣ͸Աߵش ԿԼ¥Ѿܸˡ
лһЩɢļ䣬ĿǰĴǿӦ῵İ칫ҡԼ岻ΰ´
칫ûˣǿ˿ʱ䣬 ֻһ㣬ӦöݣǱΪС˳ȥ
صԼİ칫ң ˵伢֪ԼӦʲô⣬ Ϣطڳʲô⣬ ȥҽԺҸš
ֻ鳤Ϣ ֵ㿪῵棬 л
鳤ʱûע⵽ǵϢ ݽҲֻСʱˣ һҲû¡
˲ã ͬ½½ˣ 鳤ҲǻϢ ٱ
ٱԼ칫дȴŵſˡ
һλǼһ棬ߵ飬һλ²Ĳ
칫ڶʱЩɧңΪܲߵ˵ҲǴѵüһءһ²ĲܾʲôҪһ
Ҳ˲ָƽϾ²ӡ
ȴߵĳװЦݵԳ˵м̸̸
㶵ظǳȥ
ǰѳǴһǶ棬óһļݸ˳ǡ
ǴһһݽƸЭ飬ΥԼ⳥˵
ֻҴɨһ۱⣬ˣ̧ͷʣ⡭ʲô˼Υʲô涨𣿡
ǳǸ̬ȿȥʮֳϿңЩǸ⣬ûʲôֻܵ϶Ⱥܸߣִڷֻʱڣڹ˾˵ʮΣգԲò²ߡ
ֻڣš
ǵġ۲ӦǺbetaֻOmegaİȶҽҲõģ鲻̫ա
ǵɴ۾ŵҪֻOmegaˡ
µĳ˵ɲ󣬵ôbetaͻȻҪֻOmega֪⵽˾޴սԭȵƻҲ̼䱻Ʒһ롣
˳һЩ侲ʱ䣬ǵƽ˵ΪܵİȫǩЭ顣ʧ˾еҲΪ׼⳥ﲻⷽ棬ǿЭ̡
㶵صͷ˿Ƿ⳥˵˵ԭΥԼ屶Ƶһʾ޿ˡ
ڽǮ棬ģ鶼Ʋϡ
ΪǮǽ鷳÷ʽ
䲻غۿ

ʰԼΪĶ뿪
صԼǸһһСԢá
ͻȻ뵽ʲôæӿڴͳֻ㿪Ǹͷ
ʲôûء
˲жͷ۾Ҳܲˮֻ䵽Ļϡ
һ̻׵ϣһ̾ͱ׹˵

ȥеһصѧһʷʦʷʦĹȽУ׼ְо
˶ʱ䣬ײ֪Ķģֻ֪Omegaܲ˶ʮ꣬ȴͻȻ
ڵ˲Ǯ볯˵λүӵ磬ϣܸһȥμӡ
֪Ŀģǰڱϵ棬޷ѡ
û뵽ٴῡ
ǵĸ׳ڴ⳯ǣ벻˽˳ǡ겻ἰĳӣǸOmegaAĸ߲
һȦͻȻῡ
߳һͷͦΣۡͷᵽ˺棬ǸıͷüǸߣָͬͦټɫĴɫԵ
ǲ֪ΪΣȴý쿴Щͬ
Щѹ
ɿ̫ǲ֪ΪξĸоѾĬĬע̫ˡ
ڿΰȴ۾һųǱߡ
ЩԸ˵˵ǸͬѧҲҵAǶѵõԵ֡
˵ʲôҲûʱ䣬ֱǰ
ǰ̬ȼֱڣ򵥵ʺ˼󣬾Ͱѻ⳶˳ϡ
ȮӳǣһAѧҸҲBж
ܵ𾢣ͼ῰Ŀŵ˳ϡ
㶵ؿΰֻ쿴ҲܲԾ
ǰ῿һƷû𡣵ڿȴЩͬ
ɫƺЩ
ҧҧ룬ǲϴηԼ϶Ⱥܸߺ󣬶
ȴῴ˳ڵĻų˵ͳܽˣҸѾʶмˡ
һ㶣ȴֲ֧æǾͺã˶ʶʶ
ܣЩ볯˵һ£𣿡
Ȼԣæ˵
ῴųȥһƧĽ䡣
˿ɫӽһ޻ʵĲӣκؽǴһ顣
Щ޴룬֪ΪʲôҪ
ãͻȻڡ
˵ϲҡ
ûֻǵ˵һ䡣
ȴ̲ס߬½ǣ֪ҧŴվǵ˵ͷ
ǡǵġ
˵ȼһ֧̣Ȧģ¿üۡ
Ұɣô

뿪ᣬصԼļҡ
ϣһҡ
Ҫһ
ȴ˵ķʽ
һ𣬳˽Ǯϵ⣬ṩκα֤
֪һּΪԼ顣
ʱȴûԥشӦˡ
̫ˡ
˼ŬֻΪ˵仰ֻΪ΢һЩ
ζĻͰǰ˵ܾ
ǣ
롣

ͬ˺󣬵ڶĩϰࡣϸԼͺ󣬱߳Ա߷ȴš
Ǹûʲôѣᵽ󣬳˿СС硢ҵ֮⣬ûпҹ
Щ֣ȥţ顣
ɴº͵Цݣ볯Ǵк
ź󣬳£缸ǰһٴθһļ
ǴһһЭ顣
ڳǿһݰЭ顣
򴽣ȴûж˵ֱǩ֡
ֿ˼󣬱׼뿪ˣ뿪ǰһ䣺ЭҪȥҽԺһݼ飬ܵϢ䣬ܵϢȡҺʱȥҽԺһˣ鷳ˡ
ǵͷ

῵Ϣܿͳˣǰٷ֮䡣
ҽЩţٷ֮ӣȫĿǰм¼Ķһ
Ȼˡ
ҽƺΪǸˣõļȴЩ㱡
ٷְ䡭ΰ
һ޴ľϲȴЩҸˡ
ĻΪԼٷְеô
һߣõļļá
϶ȡǸЦֵ
ΪĶȴΪĵֵ˲䰮һˡ



52 Ӱ׷ŹΣ壩
֮῵ĵһμ棬 
鷢Ϣ ȥ仪
ߵ㣬 ׼ʱ῵š
ûþͿˣ˴ź߳
װֻһ׳ Ĳڵסǿļ⣬ ԽԵ˿խԡɱˣҲܴԽľС
򴽣 ͷһԼ
ǰôѾ˼ػ·ǰ һ硣
ɡ῿һۣ ˵
һҹԶȳ÷
Ҳ塣
û飬Ҳûʲôģ ⶰ ῱ȥԡҡ
ǰѾԼϸϸϴһߣʱ򳯴û˵ʲô ȥԡϴ衣
ƽῶ䵭 ڴ|ȴǱһˡ˺ԼŹһ˿һѪ⡣
alphaomegaľ֧䣬 ռУ ǰźĲ̡
|ֳ|ǻײʱǾԼһء
ôalphaôֲġԡ˸еĳߴô
ˣ ԶƵؿ˶޵ʧȥʶԼalphaռ
ǵһʱ۾|ͷȴǶʱָʶֱӽԼ˳
κһ΢е㳣ʶˣһalphaϢԼٷְomegaزȻס|ĳ嶯
Ǹ˵ĶҲԼָʶ
ףΪ˲Ը
ԸС
ԭͿ޺ۿʱҲԿʲôˡ
ˣУȴǽٺضϵͳ˵ûɶŪٷְaoһͻУҪ滳Ҿȥݣɵơ˭˭
һ񣬾͸оԼڲƭˡ
ǰһabo֮Ϊ˶Իеʵ̫ˡ
ֻǿıҲͦߵģ飬ȻǸabo磬ǸbetaСԡǿЩģ
˭֪ĵ磬ϵͳϣһԼbetaô÷ֻomega
Ҳȥȫƻ裬һˣõһѻ֡
ǻŲȵʺ飬ӲͷƤ
ϵͳһֱοİɣֲϲ㣬ϳɽġ
ǽŽɣľսڣΌȻûɸ῵˸ޡ
ֵܿ԰ͷ̵סܺãǰ;Ǻ⣬ӲҲܲȻȽãûϵˬ˾У
˭omegaʣ˸ԼٷְalphaʹܸܵС
˵ǵʹѾˡ
ϵͳڡ١ܼ𣿡
ԡ
ʵϵͳܹóǱеİ취֪ϲգҲø߳ǡ
ῲǸһԲĴˡ
ΪomegaʣdoҲɶԼա
ڴϣѵŲŲ壬ԱߵıӸǵԼϡʹʹĸоʮ
ǸпҲһһ£е
㻻˰㻻ϵͳĵ˵
ָо̫ô
ûϵͳ²ۣԹԵؼ˵̫򡻹ˡ
򡻹houseǶָ̾һ䡣
Ȼôࡺ򡻹ҲȫԼ뵽ǡɫСվĽǶ˵Щǡɫ֮ȫ룬ֻΪԼʩһԤǰᡣ
ϰ˱ȻϲżվЩ˵һȻͦȤǲ̫⡣
⵵±Ͼ̫ˣǸϵͳ˼䵭ƤҲԽԽûþ˯˹ȥ
һ˯ʮ಻̫ϡ򡻹ı׼ϵͳߵ
ĺۣϱϵͳʱֱ磬ԼҵƾԼǿҵ뷨ѹ˻ȥ
˯Ǵԣ⹷ͻ˯ˡ
¥ڲȿȡλĿܺͰʮİڰͶ˵ϡ
ûԣҲûǱߴա
ѧˡľ㶵ض˵һ󣬾ȽűŤ뿪ˡ
컹̫ˣ·ֱֻŵѼӡ
źϵῷеĿȣſڴ̵糿΢ĳȴԵЩ
ٷְٵ϶ЩǶڱıԵ
϶ȡ˭ڰţνô
ϲƽƽˣҲϲˣΪνϢأǰûɵĿȡ
omegaƽӹִ
һϣҲһո¥ݿڿһ۾ˡ
򴽣鷢Ϣ
һЩomegaӪǡ
omegaλĺܴӽ컹Ҫǿȥϰ֧࣬ιȥˡ

Գ˵˸ͷ֮ȥͲˡ
һʼֻһȥһ仪һΣһһΡֱס仪
Ϊһֻ΢ġ򡻹ȻҲԼܼܿɱǻ̲סΪԼ˿ῶеˡ
͹ˡ
롣
ѾξҪˡ
ԼȫתƵϣȥδͱʡ
һһյҹ
ΌȽæΪĳɹѾ֤𲽽ܼĺĲҵ
ϣ῿ʮ˲Ż
ţͼǸԭɳ˯˵͵˹Щ㱣ʶδ˯ѣȴ˲ʶذĿƵſڡ
ſվŵĸߴˣʱ۾Ц
ΪķҲòԴֻomega󣬺һһÿ
϶㲻Ϻã῵ʱȴϲЦ
ϲ˫ƫԲһۣ¶һСУ۾ﶼǲϸǡ
򴽣Ьȥ
ҲæվΧתΪ˯ѣЩŴڳ࣬һòã
һæ㲻Էalphaʺñ㲻Щһ£ȴǺܵġ
رʵθ۵ġë
ˡ˵ʵûθڡ
ôҲѩôȼڵӡǲģֽ˵
῵Ŀڳͣһյͷá
㻶ϲϲȥ˳ʲôһûãֵߵ߶˳һŵǰ
῵ͷ˿
ʵϺ̫ˡȽҪЩϼһ沢ƤͿԵ顪ûʲôθڡ
ŶǴı飬֪Ϊʲôȴ˵ܾĻ˼ڡ
ǿûٶٵЩʧҲóĲȣҲ˵ʲô
¥ʱһ¥ĵѾǹˣ¥һĺڰУ˵ӰͶ䡻ǽϡ
῱߱Գ˵ҲҹԺҪˡ
˵ǵѧУҲ׼ĩԡǸһʷʦְˣǳԭֻҪ࣬ȴҪĸࡣȥְоѧҵǱߵҲ١
û£ʵҲæ˵
üȴû˵ʲô
Ϊ̫æˣǺܾûˡϴ󣬿Ǹڴͷǿ̲ⷭĵĴҲЩ
߹ȥomegaڻǡomegaʮ˳ӵؽִ῵ļϣ۾š
ȴۣһ
omegaȷԽúÿˣǰЩƫķɫȴԽϸ壬ٶ˲١
˿ҧŵĴ꣬۵ڹ
˿۾ŨܵĽޡëŵز
ʱӳҲԽǴˡ
Ƕûʲô
׼һԼԼalpha
ῴ̡ɫȾˡİųǵ£ϥǵomega˫ȡ
ǸոȴʩΪomegaȴ
῵ǣΪոյĺշ죬߼Ŵһ˫Դˮһۣ˵ϲҪˡҪȥ˾ˣ˯ɡ
alphaϢģalpha¡
ĿؿãջЭˡ
ſ˳ǣߵ˴һߣ˯ˡ
omega˵ƣСض˵˾䣺
š῵ͷ
ûһԵomegaǳġ˯ĺ
˵Լۡ
ţЩȥҲ˯ˡ

ǰҹ˹
ΪԵ
۾ͼվڴԡҩ϶һˮ
θˣǵǵؿʡ
῵ͷ˵û£˯ɡ
ǻ˯ţؿΰֲ֪ʲôá
ƽʱעЩʳ㡭Ҫalpha䣬ȴô˵ڡ
ֻ̾
omegaʱ仰˵ÿĿİͰ͵ģ˵䡣
ʵˣֻ彡棬̲סЩꤻȥ˵
£ִִ
῰ѡҩ󣬱ɻ˴ϡomegaı˯ɡ
ЩҩߡԡӺ῱˯ˡ
ȴߡһʱ䣬Եalphaʼշת֪࣬˶Ȼθˡ
㽫Լִȣ῵θ
ˣͼꡣ
Сʱ´ŵü滺
ǱҲ˿˯ȥ



53 Ӱ׷ŹΣ
Ӿһȥ
ȥ żҲεĻϲ
ΪԼܸоῶԼ̬ȵ ǲϿľ롣
ֻϲվֻǿнأ ޸޻ϲͬʱ˾ûûġ
ڣǡϿʱ е¥Ͷʱʼҡҡ׹ˡ
һĸǧ𼴽顣ΪλǧһֱΪԾ ΢ins϶бȽӴķ˿Ⱥ壬ĶҲܹע
һͼзĺգɭϵǧϣ վһλͦοalpha
ǸalphaűͦװͷᵽԺ ΢ 䡺ɫֱֱžͷ
ῡ
ź⣬зһжûἰ Ƭ˧ըѵalphaǶʱѵĺģ һ#δ#ѵһѵ##
Ƭ߸߹ڰһ Ƕ뾡˰취ҳ˵ĵϸ ǳһƬ⣬ȴʲôҲҲ
ѸץӸ ֲ²῵ݡǰСʱ Ѿͱˡô޷Ѱ
ֻǸѻţҲˡ
ЩǶûٹעˡϸϸźϵ῿һһ顣
Լˣ ôƬϵ˾ῡ
ֻ㶵ڿС
ĩһϣԭֻһڿΏ⼸һֱæҲΪǣְﲻʲôæֻÿҹ
û뵽ʱϢ
Сʱӱϵָƹʮ࣬ſڴ졣
ǽĿͶ
´ź󣬱㿴ɳֱֱЩľľġ
üЩ
ȻҪֵʵƽʱҲܶ࣬һֲʮ࣬ʮһ᡺ԡԡ˯ȥʱŻᱻŵ춯ѣȻԡԡɵɵسߴգŴŴ˵Ż
Ȼû˯ţɫҲЩԾ
ߵǰɳϵĳǣΪ˹ڸߴ㸩ųǿ㼫ѹȸС
ôˣ῵ʡ
ãǲһԼʣҪˣ
򴽣ԷϵϢЩ׹
šͷǲʲô
̧ͷ˫̵۾Դ谵ĵԵ䡣
һ򵥵ڣ׵ؽǴԨ
౻ں̶䡣
ǡǡеȴԽ仰˵
𶯶Դ
ǡҧǿˮͱǼ⣬Ҫ𣿡
üе䣺ʲô
Ҫˣҡҡۿ죬Ҹˡ
Щꡣ
ûҪ볯ߣʲôìܡ
ȴЩˮϻ䡣
῿ǰomegaССģȴ֪ôᣬ޵һ˫һ۶
ǿôѹƺҲЩܡ
ѵšԡӽ͵ҽˣҲԴߡ
Э飬ԷȻǹܲ
һס֮䲻б䶯
Ϊ޺omegaǰ¶һɵЦݣȻԿôѹķϣúñ
˭֪omegaֹסˮȴûС¶κοĵЩŵؿ
ɴ۾˵ôûб䶯
Ҫ˰ٴߣʲô
һԼߣ֮أҪٵƻ˼ͥĵô
һȻЩİ
ǱϣʵһҪôͲܡ
ô
ֻû˵ڣ־ԼЦ
̧ͷΰȻû˿Ķҡ
һȷԼλá
ֻ῿п޵Ķ˻Ҳ㲻ϡ
ǰҲֻϣ῿һЩôѾǰ붼ˡ
ֻǼٸҹξվЩ಻Լˡ
żЩľٶҲ̳˲еĻ롣
̰ġ
ˣǡ
ῲͱ˽飬ѵô
ⳡξоͷʵһֱֻ֪һֱȥ롣
῿ڣǱҡͷǸ˵ˡ
̫̰ˡ૵
ῼһֱ£ҲЩˣ˵ˣӰǡ
ǳ˳ǣЩô᲻Ӱ졭
ΣߣԽѹŭ
Ҳ룬ǡҸˡǵͷʡ
𴽣̵ӳװ
Ȼʳǣû뵽ǾȻĻش˵ԼҪߡ
ߣߣ
һҪߴգ˵Ҫߣ
ǡѹɤӣ䵽˼£ˣҲûˡ
Լú롣
˵ţֱת߳ⶰ
űϵǻ˳һ˫ˮϴָ
Ȼߣô£
ΪԼ˵Ҫô
øôҪˣҲûҪߡ
ֻΪԼҪ¶δںԼȴӲϲ
ʱ򳯴ǲ֪ԼΪʲôϲˣǽȻͬҲ޷硣
ȴܼǵǸȥ꣬ȻЦȴҽһ临
ǳ̡ɫ۾̫
̫ˣѾȥ߰ˡ
ʱ򳯴Ҳ룬ǲǼǴˣʱ̫Ǹҹɫ˾ôôأ
ҲŲ¡
ΪеһӰΪֹŬ꣬ռеİ
ΪȫȫⰮһˣ῵һжǺõģġ
̧ͷĿ޽ؿͷĵơ
جج롣
׷Ҫôô

ڶǹգǻǿԴ˾ȥѧУ
һ죬ῶûٻ仪
İ°׼ȥ
һڽǮһҲģÿ¶˻ϴʮ
Ҫ̵һǧıת
º߱ǾܾˣڵĿҲʽ
ЩǮǶûáҲЩԼû𣬵ԼҪĵߡ
صѧϰ࣬ʵ٣һʡʵҲȽϸԣԼһſҲ˽ʮ
仪ῳʮóȥһȻˣûпһԸѧϰֶ࣬ǧĳ̫ҡˡ
·ϣ뵽ﲻЩʧЦ
ÿ磬ǮҴߣȻҵַˡϵͳ˵ȻãԴеɵơĴ󷽣
Ŷϵͳ䵭Ӧһ
Ѿϰ˳ǵͻȻˡ
Ϊϵͳ䵭ƲƲ죬˵ʲôȴӭһˡ
ǸһзꡣԼĪʮ꣬˶㣬볤ͷȾɫֿʡ
ãᨣ῵ĵܵܣһô
Цеض˵



54 Ӱ׷ŹΣߣǽˡ
罻ȦѧǻҪöˡϾѧУ ʦ֮ǰĹϵһְϵҪ׵ö࣬ ʦҲرԣȺ 񳯴֮ǰǹһΪԵòͬż
ˣȦɺСЩˣ Ҳᵽῡ֡
˵΢ ȴʵռ˳ǴʵῺߵ֮⣬û֪ôˡ
Գ῵ĵܵܵͻȻ֣ ǳǼΪز߶صˡ
ó겻⡣Լʲô
ڽֿ˼ҿ ˳ǵϲúȡ
˵˼ڿϣ ͺ󣬳Ǳʾ˵ң ʲô𣿡
ᨶԳЦ£ Ǹһ𡪡ҿҪһǡǣǡ
֪˼ ǵġǵͷ ҲЩɬЦ
῵ĹϵȷЩԶ塣
Ȼ£˿ ῰ˡڶ˵ ̫ôݰˡ
߲ƵᨣҲйģĻ˼
ֱӳˣᨱҲֱӽˣ֪ΪʲôҪô
Ϊʲôһ㶡
ǰΪʲô
û˼⡣
῿ῴһͬķĵˡϲῡ׷῵Ҳڣ ΪʲôῷҪ
ǾþûлشЦˣǰûǹ⡣
Ϊһˡ˵
̧ͷû˵
ĺܿ죬˶ڲϵ³
Ϊ֪ҪһԳܵʵ
֪
޷ܡ
¡˵һ֣ЦŲӦòʶǡ㿴ǰѣῼǸϢ
׸磬ǴСһ𳤴ķСҲϲʮˡ
֮ܺãȻ£ҶΪߵһ𡣵ǰһϢ϶ȸߴٷ֮ʮ˵ˣûã±Ǹһˡ
Ŵɫ԰׵
ƺ˵ʲôˡ
ǿĬصȴС
Ҳʱ¶һƶӵЦݣ˵῵϶аٷְ٣
ῲϲʮΪνϢؾϲһˣûþ;˻˸϶ȸߴٷְٵ˸顯˵
˫ֺŷϣЦɹˡϾһˣ㻹Ǹûκ֡ʱԱĵˡ
ŶڻҪˣǳϼŻǳ¡ζؿųǡ
౻̵Ѫ졣
ǵɫҰףͫ׶Щɢ
ĸӲ̣Ҳӷ̡
û˵׼㹻ķӦͷ͵ʱ䡣
ãǵǿ侲
ɣ롣
Ǳؽ
ΪʲôЩʵ
֪ᨵˣȻĿġ
˵ÿ¸ʮ򣬵ڣҲٶɣͻȻ˵һЦ̫ˣʲţһë㲻ϡ
һʱ˵ҲУô
ڳõĳĬͻȻʵ֪Ϊʲôô
ᨵɫЩѿ
ȴֱվͷľľ˵ǹǽҲҪĸǽ
˵꣬ᨷӦֱת߳俧
ոǲеoocˣ·ϣϵͳͻȻ
ܵϵЩôں˵һɲoocжġҾǿ̫ˣ̲ס
ϵͳҲû˵
ooc̶ȵȷ޷oocжҲԾӰ졣ֻǳٻгʧЩֶѡ
ǱǸΪˣʵҲ⡣

󲿷ֵʱ䣬ǻʮ־ҵġ
ص仪±һˣҲҪַһԱ
ڴϣҹֵȵ˴ʱ
ڼȱ˵ʱҲҪ˾һء
ȵߵʱ򣬳ȥϴּ䡣
˿Լ㲣۾ЩѪ˿Щ⡣
ܺãóˡ
ѵý⳵ȥ
Ȼһֱæڽּҵ³ͷ죬ʱһ㶼һЩҪɡ
ǵǰ̨˵Ҫῡ
ر
ҲûǸ˸绰ûпգҪῡ
ڻиȽҪļ棬ɣȵȵȣп֪ͨ𣿡һº͡
ã鷳ˡ㶵صͷ
˵绰󣬱תͷԼϰ塣
վ῵İ칫ǰ칫ڳῺ֮⣬ûκˡ
ϰ塭Щ
֪Ҫҡ῵
һ;һԹԼϰƮ
˵
̫ˣѧ˵űˡ
һ뵽/˵ʲôҪҪ뿪ڻ
úúøһѵ
ڽͨ󣬱ȥĵȺţһСʱ
Ŀ㶵ģ˿㲣ⶰĴ¥УԵøͻ
ʮһ࣬ݵʱŸǴ绰
̸ˣѾǰ̨֪ͨˣ˻ġ˵
õģлл˵
Ȼи˴ȥĶ㡣
ǿŲĵݣЩ㱡
ʵһҲİ
Ҳ﹤˰꣬Ϊ῵϶ȣ˳ȥ
Ϊ϶ȣ῵ˡ
ϲϱ仯ͣ˽ͳ˵ݺû߼顣
ȥɣҴųȥˡ˵
һֱߡ
ߵһʱͣסˡ
ǿţƿ
Ǽټİ칫ҡ
üδ¹ڳϾڰ칫ǰ
˫̡ɫ۾ʲôҪ˵ҲֻܶһЩ䡣
һʱ˶û˵
㶵ؿ
вǸᨵ˵Ļ
˸϶ȸߴٷְٵ˸顯˵
ڻҪˣǳϼŻǳ¡
أǲˣ
῿ɫ԰㲣۾ףлѪ˿вЩ۶۵
ȻԵ޹˵Ҫ뿪ǿôѹķϣúõǸԼ㲻ƽˡ
῵˰죬ǲǿڡ
Щ
һңΪ˿ҷôʡ
򴽡
ã˵ˡ
ǰԼú롣
ڣǾԼҲøˡ
ϲɫв֪ΪȴЩš
ʵ޷⳯ʱΪʲôҪҪô
ΪԼԽԽںǣҲûҪ볯ǽ顣
˵ܲҪҪֻһıȡͷֺҪҪԸͷǡ
ֻǲ֪ͷζʲô
ǽˣῡ



55 Ӱ׷ŹΣˣǳܻᡭ

˺ü룬 ῲŷӦ
ųǣ ʱ ĿİؾڱŭԵޣalphaѹҲܿƵͷ˳
῵alpha̫ˣԭûѪɫɫʱӲ԰ף Ǻͺ󱳶ð亹 ޷վȡ
˵һ飿һһ٣ɤֱ䡣
˵ǽˡûбŵǶϢصѹ ̧ͷ῵ߣƽ˵
ҪʲôûУң ΪϲΪ϶ϲˡĿѾﵽˣ ῡ֤϶ǸЦĶ֤Ҳֻһп޵Ķ㻹ʲô壿Ǻۿ ʡ
῵ɫҲųǵĻԽԽ ͻȻվߴ϶¸ųǣ ҧЩ ˭ģ
˭ҵҪô̲סЦˣлᣬ ѵô
 ˵ʲôȴһʱʧ
ȷҳǵĳԡ
ڲһˣﲻһˣ ԼҲ˵
ѵҪڶԳ˵ǵģرں㣬ô
˵Լ֪ᣬ֪Ҳ
ο񳯴ͻȻ˵ҪߣҲȷòᣬڻͷϣܵ
ΰҲ㣬Ҳҹ㡣ǰҵʱ˵ԭ򣬻һǻӦΪҾǷΪ㿼aΪȥֻҪһ㣬Ҷ߾ȫȥǡ
ǣⲻһ
ǸϣֱӸ֪˳ԭ򣬳ǻǻӦûУڱƭ֮¹һ࣬˲еĻΣٱ˸֪࡭̫Цˡ
ûаΰΪα΢ҪǰʰǿЦڴͻ룬
˶٣þָƽɣῡ
ҪˣҲˡ
ĿؿųǣҪߣ
ǵͷָȴЩ
֮꣬һ档
žƺˡ
͸ҹзѪ˿ڱŭıԵ
ȳ߳ȥ
칫ϵļڼΏȥ
칫ڶʱƹॵһ죬ӲͷƤ˽
ϰ塭
ῺţѪ˿۾Ҫ˶ɡ

Ҳû˵Ű
и̡
ãῲǿƽЩ
£øֱһû档
侲Щѵϵļ
ȥ飬˭顣
ϰ˵

ڵųǻ
֪жô糯˵Ϊһٶ֣aΪȥȫóϵΪȥһһУΪ顣
ῴûǻ뿪뿪
ˣŻŭ
Щ޿֣Żڸѷĵһʱ䲻޸Ƿŭ
ǳܻġ
š
šԡӣδ仪
ÿȥûΪƣû˯ɳ˯عûΪ׶Ĵÿ¡
⼸죬ҲһһСҴ
ΪϰһγܺѾѰˣû뵽ϰһ˺Ŀ˵ģʽ
֪ϰڵųǸǡ֪ϰġԡ֮ţϰӮң֮ôǻӡ
῵һˡ
ΪʲôҳˣҲ鶼֡١ġ
˵ȵЩȫ֪ˣټǰЩѣôСС֡
֪ԼĪǶˣҸ˵
һֱųǸ
һʼ˵Ҫ뿪Ǵ⣬㳯ˣҲҪǡԡ
һ졢졢ȥˣԽꡣţϴԭ
ֱһڹȥ
ῴӷŭ꣬ЩֻţЩƺҲҡҡ׹
ڴ޿ֵ̬нʼʶԼƺЩˡ
룬Ǹ绰ţݸ̨ף͸Ƿúðο
ɳǻû
涨ʮǰǶҪոȾƵǸϢϡ
ƿеħҪ̳ǰ
Ͳסԡӣ仪
ȴһˡ
ѰûҵǡǣгǵĶҲˡ
ֻҵĴͷǰһЩµĶ
һſһԿסһֻһٰʮǮ
ſÿʮĿ
ǰԿףǵʱǴӳıʱݵԿס
ֻǴʱ͸ǵĽʫ١
֪һٰʮǮʲô
ǹ⿴ǰ֪ʲô˼ˡ
ԼĶˡ
еĿֻҲ޷ѹơ
ſǰһ
ȥ鳯ǣϳ˽ǰȥ˵¹
̾Ԥһߣڶȥ¹
Ҳͬһʱ䣬ѹϱͶµͶĿʽˡ
˶ῳˡ
޷òҰȥ¹ļƻ¡
ΪЩ῵Ĺ׳󣬼˼ĴҵڻԻ͵ıҲȻӿ
϶Ӵļ壬Щ档޷žֻܵȵ׳죬ٽײ
˵Ҳ򵥣һûжȨˣȨĸ֮ʱһ𹥻ˡ
῵Ķ壬б嵱ǰᨡ
ǸͶĿʽֻһǰࡣ
֮ﰵĲҵܵѻڱҵĵλܵҡ
ᨺ˿һʱʵĵ˫ֻ֪ǱƵϵڻҶѡ
ԭ˷Դ鵽ҳǼһ˺ֶԸᨡ
ʵῶЩ˵˼ԤϣҲ׼ȵĵʱ򣬻ݲðġ
ûûҹķæУڴݲȵطʵǽǲ

˶ϺͻȻƺҲûʲôֵǣҵ顣
ְһѧУ⣬ûжѣҲͺνļûϵ
ȥɢɢģҵʺ϶ӵĵطǰȥҲͦõġ
ѧʱһλĵʦĹϵܺãҲǸԭҪоĵʦʦмоһλǳŮϵãΪʦ㡣
λʦǰȥ˵¹ʿǰʱȥ¹棬ʱܾˡȴЩĶˡ
ϵʦ㣬ʦҲʾرӭ˵ѧУʷϵҲܲҲԿһ¿ѧУĲʿ
걾ڶְоϸ¸õ˶ʿѧλԭûȥȴǸѡ
ʦҲοҪҪĲʿܹҪȥɢɢģȥ˵
ʰһ̤˷¹ķɻ
磬ܷ¹ķɻ׹ˣȫ142ˣһ

ⱾĿԭ顣
ȻǸմ½ǸԾͱ磬ʱ·ɻ
һ³˿͵ĶԻ
ģոյҲ̫ǿ˰ɣɻûôǿҵնòˣǸŮԵ˵
Ůļ򣬰ο̫ɻʧµĸʱƱ͡
һΣıľʱӦ׹ٵķɻȫ½ˣϵͳ
ǵġܷɻԭھʱΪϼǿ׹٣Ҹոռһ£ɻĹӦǱĨˡϵͳ˵ϸ͸˵ˣֻܸı䲿ֵʱ㣬ʱڵ㡣ɻҪ׹ˣʲô
е˼ЦЦȥ



56 Ӱ׷ŹΣţԭʶ
¹ٲã ǳûסѧУŵĲʿУ ԼһСһС
ҾһֱȽϸԣ ҲЩǮ
СƫƧûܵСĵʿʦصؿȥ
ųСϣ ͸Сģ ͻȻΪʲôʦҪطסˡ
С˵ʵׯ࣬ﲢܼһƵعᴩС ӳŴƬƬҰư׻ϳȵĻԡů١ɫĺשݡ
һ̤һܰξ
۾ЩƺЩỺˡ
ʦһСǰͣˣ һ۱ƼͥԺǰĻ̨ŵʾաӲݡһ򻨡
ͥǰǴƬ̵أ ߰˿鲻Բʯשǰ
ʦһͣ³ͷش˺䣬 ѳǵ ˳кǣᵽ¥ȥ ʰһС䣬 ϲ
˵ţҲȳǣ Լص䣬 žͽȥˡ
ǡˡϢžaboܹ찡Ǹomega ӻʦһشϸŮȴǸbetaƽʱرϲҪˡ
ǳǾСסˡ
ѧǸвסġԡӣȻϲСķ羰ҲСϾͿųȥˣȵٽʱŻ
Ǻܸεġ֪Ǹ磬϶ܶطϰߣʼʱʵʵ˳Ǻü죬ҪעطĴѧһЩС̳ȣһЩرĵطѳȥҲϳǣ;Ҳû
裬Ǹó罻ϲġԡӣ˵˾ϲլ쵽ܣҪһȺʶ棬ȻҶѺãǻЩӦ˼󣬳ǾϢ졣
ʦҲ֪ԼʦɶԡӣҲûǿúС졣
ԼڼҲû¸ɣѾҪʦڶĴѧĲʿ⼸һֱ׼ϡ
СͥԺǰһľӣرϲ￴顣
º͵գԾҳӣԵӲҲ̽ͷ̽Եһֱ֣ߵĲطıǶˡ
һʱƹȥ̫Ѿ봥ӽԵЩůƵԽӣڳǵķ䡣
ˣʦӦҪˡ
ţ̲ס̧ͷǰ·Զȥ
ֻֻݵеС·ɿաˣǳջĿ֮ǰԼͥԺĺӰ
ʶƵ
ڵͥԺһ׶ߵĻܣλܸߴ꣬Żʣߡ
ϸһȴǻסˡ
ῡ
ôᵽ
ŵ֌ȴ֪Լעŵ˴ʱ뷨
ֻЩܲ˼ͷ
ԭֻȡomegaů´ģʵ̫ˣ̲סͻ
դԳ˵˼ûͻ㣬Ұ㴦ÿ𣿡
õǵºͶᡣȻȻڴѧʱѧһֵʮʱ֌̫ԶʱȫȻ῾Ȼľ֣û˼ȥ֌˸ӴűߵĻ
˶ԷһֱۣܻطӰŴϣ֪ǰڶ壬һ㶺󣬻ǿԼ߳Ժӡ
Ժǿŵģ׾˽ȥ
ǰ״վЩʲô
ǰʶң֌ȳǻ֡
ԣ΢΢۾㲻ǵˣ
ʼϸǰˡ
ʱŷ֣ںܲԾ
װͦ˽ﲻװҲһ˿ǰλȴֻǴ⴩з·ϻ쵵ġɫ飬̵Ӳͬһ̶̶һ岨ĺˮ
ô˳òһģһطȴûκ֮
㡭ΰ㶵ʵ
ΰ֌գգֻۣδļ䡣
ԭʶҸ硣Ȼ̲סЦһ¡
磿̲סʡ
ǰ֌û˫̥ʱǸĸˡĸȥ|й
˵ţųǣȻ΢ɫ
ȵȣҺҲЩ졣˵
Ǻһϡ
һû˿ȴ֮Ĳ²ӿС
ǲǡȥaУ촽ʵ
aУ˵ƺǸȽİĵط
˵aǵѧôῶ
ԡǵͷ
֌ϸųǣͻȻ׹
Ц֪Ķˣǲ챻۸Сһ
к
̧ͷˣкʲô׻ˡ
˰ıݣҲΡ
ʱۿЩ޷˺󼸲˫źԶ
֌ͻȻôģҲ
ͷŰԼССһŵĳǣʵôˣ
ûа취ش
Ϊˣ׷˰꣬˰
ȴϴˡ
ǰеˣȴϷĸһ֪Ҳɡ
һšҡͷҲ޷ͷֻ޷Ƶ
֌ûлشҲûʲôֻĬĬؿ
˺þã̽ԡ֣ĳǵĺ󱳡
ȴͬվ
ʱĴ˿̵òȫȻ֌С
ڼСʱǰŵomegaʱע⵽omegaһ˫Ư۾
ǶĻ֣Ӧǽһۡ
ȴƫԲҲۡ
ʱרעؿ飬꡺ɫʱԾţܺÿ
ȴ޺ˣ۾һȦ
˵ʲôȴȿڵǸȻȥˡ
˵꣬תæػصԺӣֽš

ǵֻüһˡ
ʵʱ˵Լʲô顣
Ϊڰǰδܹһ˿顣ʱ򳯴úܿЦҲ֣ô಻ĸİһЩ͹ػˣΪʲôƫƫûκһأ
ֱǸϣǸꡣ
ЩˣڻУĺ󱳣ڰ
ˣҪȥһ¡ô
Լʱ̧ͷ͸¹⣬̡ɫ۾ʢһȪ
ҲֻһȪˮ
ȴꡣ
ⲢǶԷԴڳԼ̰
Ž̤˾ֻΪһЩ
ܾƤѪ⡢Ĺͷֱش̴ࡣ
֪ýˡ
ű˵ǣ磬ͼʱΪտһЩѪ⡣
ɵڣȻ֣ԭһжֻǳ׵׵ĴϷŪ
뿪仪һ̣Ѿ῵һжˣΰһٰʮǮ
ԭһٰʮ飬Ӧûῡ
Ѿ̫·̫ˣҲûȥһ׷ˡ
ɡ
٣ԭΪѱ˵꣬ʵδйı䡣
ٻһ¡

һϣˡ
ֱڶѧ뿪ʱͥԺդţ¥´һ
¥š
ߴվſڣһ
͸ġϾδͻ㣬֪ϲϲ



57 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮҹĻ
ǾԼҲûȥ׷ʱ ȴ
֌죬 һչ ǰͷѤùϳգǴƬӲʾաڻе꣬ 볤ͷ΢ ع󣬡¶ƫԲһۣеϸ߹⣬ ǲӡáɫΪ󵨣಻ͬůɫ ȴԵӵ ͹Ե
˭ܿ߶Ի˵ϲ
ֻֻҴҴ˵ףûѻûȥ ̲סˡɫ֌Ц˵
ǰomegaǸ ۾ûգ˺һŽŨܾĽޡë˺ϣÿ۾ַˮ⡣
֌ЩΡ
֪ǰ굽׾ʲô  ҲһǷǳ顣
Ż΢һЩ˿ھۡ
ǿãҪ֌󣺡úܺÿ һͷ˺ܶ๦ ҡ
֌ȴû£ЩЦ˵ûʹԻ㣬㲻⣬ ôûûȥ
һҪлл㵱ҵģء

ǸǻˣʦҲֱÿؾ˵Ҫȥװ
ȥҲϣܸÿдøһЩ
סʦңȻָ˷⣬ʦ㻹ǲ϶աǾò˼͸ʦ͸͡
ʦסڹü꣬ѵóԵһκóԵвͣжòУѳŪЩЦ
ʦû£˵Ҫúڼһģ˳ŪһĻݡ
Ժʦ򽽻
򻨵Ļڣ򿪵ïʢˣĿǻǳǳۡǳϵĻš
ʦʢˮʱˮͷͻȻˣššû취ŪãһˮͷĿֱӵĵˮһ
һ
Ҳ̱ע
ˮʵּͣ߹ȥǸأͼװȥȻ˰죬˰Լһˮ֮⣬ûκá
Ҫæ𣿡еϤ˱
ǻͷһ֌վǵԺǰһһĺӡ
ʦҲ֌󣬱ϾѾסͦõˣھġ
ļλָ˧ھһֱЩ䡣Ӱ棬໥кǼˡ
ǵһμôæ
Ȼaķûв̫ѧУ񣬶ʦ㿼aоʱѾҵˣҲûῡ
Ȼø֌һģһʦҲûʲôӦ
ʦʱѾˮͷըˣ֌Ȼ䣬Ҳİˡæ֌ֵҪҪæ˧硣
֌߹ȥ򿪹䣬ѳ١ûӣˮͷͺˡ
֌ԼҲɱرһˮһ붼ϡ
ʦСǰššˮͷֹˡ
ʱǰһ֌ļ˵԰˧磬ӣ
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Ͼڹ⣬˹ޣ˹˲ԺҲҪˡ
ˮͷ֮⣬ʲôҵ֮ĹϣҪȵƻ˶ˡ
ʦ㶢֌ͻȻ۷⡣
Ϊʲôһģ˧磬Ȼôˮܣַ־ôƣ
ʱ꣬·Ե񹤵ȵˡ
֌Ҳ֪ǳʲôֻתͷų˵֮Ҫʲô⣬ҡ
Ц£Ƿиǳǳľѡ
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ȥáëɡ˵ţ߽ڡ
ûһͱëֱݸʦ֌ʣһԼϡ
ʦ㵹ã֌ȴʵʵȫʪ͸ˡ
һѣʦҲ˲֮æ˵̫лл˧磡ڶʪˣǿȥһ·ɣҲҪСĸð´Է
ԷͲˣ֮Ͷѡ֌˵
Ҳûͣ˻˻֣ˡ
֮ǳܾЩԾ
˰죬ڻȻ
˧ǿϳˣ˵ôͻȻô顣
̲סǰࡻˡࡻǵͷǴǴǳôÿȻĶܻӭǸоͿ˰ɣҳ˧ͺܲ
ȻһֱûԼ֮ߵκˣʦϾǴýҲܿһЩ
ʦһУǰʱˡ
ʦôûŪôģǸ˿϶Ǹˣ
ʦô˵ҲЩЦá
Ȼ˵ʲôֱʦƽڡ
ȥ·ɣҲˡϺ㲡ˣ

ٽʱ򣬳
ʦ㻹ڸӲأҲԸԼ¥
Ǹˡ
֌˸ܴİԳգգۡ
㿴𣿽һģܴ˫꣬ڵ¹ȫܿ
Ȼ˵ǽǺܺãܿһžͲˡ֪ǲȥݶɽһⳡꣿ
㶵ؿһʱ䲻֪ôػ
Ѿû˼ȥ飬ɻΪǰĶ
뵽˼ʱ򻹰ˮܡ
˴̡ɫʹأǵ˵ͷ
˶ʱ¶յľѣܸˣ˵߰ɣѾѶˣ
ǾϡͿؾͱ֌ĳĸʻ
æֻ֮࣬üʦ㷢ţ˵һ
ʦ˽⣡ѼСǣ
ǣ
ݶɽΧСĶһСɽ
ߣİס
һȽСɽ·֌ųʻɽҵһҰĵطӺһѶʼӪ
ȥæûӪԵæšҡ
֌Цֹ˳ǣ˵ǱȽרҵӪʣ㲻ȥϢһ°ɣҺܿͺá
ȷЩְţȥ˳ϡ
͸ĳڰţͷӪ
ǰǸҹǸСҽ̸꣬ȫغˡ
ԭ

Ǿ֌Ǹůֺìܵˡ
˫̥㸸ĸˣǸԸŸ׺ĸף֌Ҳ׾ݡĸϸҲܿóھʮԽ
·ȻಢʽǸ߶һһ󣬳Ҳǿֳ·ĳҲҪġ
ԼҲܾϸͼֵơ
֌ӦþӪȷʮûþˡ
ʱ졺ɫѾ찵ˣԶֲѤϼ
֌кų³ִһóһѶװ
ǸʮרҵԶ
֌ոϵϯϣ֌̲סЦ
ˣǡ
ǰһμΪǸҡ
ϼоˮܹ
ڼ־Ǹķѡ
ƫƫÿһԵüΪרҵȫַҲʮ
Ѷȫװ֌˿Գ˵ŻаСʱҪˡ
ȳԵ㶫ӰɡݸһºС
ʶ򿪣ǸڵΡ
ͼ֌̫˼ЦЦ˵ҲǺóԵģպųһ°ɡ
ҧһΣ۾
ûаܺóԡ
Сʱڶ
ǳǵһڳƵͼƬꡣ
ҹĻ£һųβֱͣ˳ǵ۾
Ҳ
һ㡢Щն



58 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮһеϣ
Ǹ֌Ĺϵһ쿿Ҳһ
ƣ ڰ;ֹͣĵطû⣬ Ҳûи Ҳûо
̤ľǰ̶ӽͷ ¡ü ȴ֪жԶ
ԭѾˣԸڰ;ϡ
ֱ֌
һֲ԰׵壬ɢŹȵգ Ƿϵ磬еĸ һůĻ
֌ܵ˳ܹˣ ĵӱܣݾܾطʽ Լֻϲ
Ƕȹӱܺ Ȼǡ
Ǹʶ֌ǻ֌ĺ֣ ֪˾ʲôġ
һ һ죬ųȥ硢ȥѩȥֻᡭչޣ
ʲôᣬ ʲô棬 ǲûмʲô£йʲô
֌ҪĻ ıְǻҡ
ڵ֪ҪxĲʿʱ֌ʮ־ϲ߳ǣxͻһ㶼ǹҸһѧϲ˼ĿΣǼȻҪȥxԺͿxˡ
ҲܾȣΪxһȫ֪ȶܸߵУ֌῵һڲŶʮꡣ
ʮ꣬͵һУĽڡ
Ǻ֪ȥϲ֌󣬲ŷ˺ܴĻӰƷ׷
ֻΪ֌⼸ҲڹԳǲһֱδ
Ȼ˫ֵ̥ܣȴĵȷȷȫͬˡ
ͬӵ㹻ԣľ۵òߵalphaȼԴΪԼʱԼĶˣӸµظˡ
Ȼ֌ֻǽЩΪԼǮ͵λ׷Ŀ꣬ΪѾӵ˾󲿷󼰵ĽǮ͵λṵ̂࣬ҲԸԼһΪۡ㹻ĽǮȥ׷İãǻӰġ˶һȤĶ
ʮѰ˶ʮ౲ӶҪöࡣƫƫƫ׷һеʱֽױȵ츳͡ԡרעκεط
ķһźļطװȫȻذ׵ıѩء
Ƭʲôطĵġ
֌˵ϼǰϼһ¡
ǳԾòС
ɲǻѩļ֮Ŀźܴ̼ǰȫбϵļ˶ȥϼһ£ʱΣա
ųǶʱɵԲԲ۾ࡻˡࡻǵͷЦ˵ǰȥˡ
ǲ⣺Ϊʲôô˵
˵Ϊ֮ǰȥ֮Ͳȥˡ

ǶѰ˵̫ңԶˡϸֻܵ޷ľ޷ƵԱῸ̨ϣĮȻؿųѪɫĽӡײײȴὫ磬ǰ볯ǡ
ǲûȷϹϵȴѾӰ롣
֌֪ǵĵӣԸȴ

ڼǰһجΡ
ǵеʲôֻǵʱһּҪеĿֻš
͵ؾѣʱ賿һӣ֮һҹұ۾
֪ΪʲôֱֳѾ뿪
뿪仪뿪aУ뿪˹ڡ
ԭ̾ȥȴͻװסȽš޷ԼomegaԼߵκһ죬ϵ˵¹Ǳߵ˽̽̽ǵϢ
Ҳˣ֪جε죬ǳϷɻ졣
˺࣬˼ǿƽµ½ˡ
ԼϢʱĪٺ
˽̽ÿ춼һЩǵƬ
һʼʱڰСһССԺؿ顣
˽̽ÿֻƬ⼸ƬῶҪСʱȻڽʱһСʱҪϼӡ
ϻص仪ҪصؽЩƬϴǽϡ
̰ġģԸŹƬκһϸڡ
ЩƬƺomegaǰͬȥļٸҹһߣ򾲾ؿ顢򾲾ؿ
Щ벻ڿƬ˲䱻ˣһְſͬǵݰ㽫ռݡ
˵ԼԳʲô飬Ҳû˼¡
ֻ֪ǲ뿪Լ
ԭܿÿŵƬ˽̽ÿ㱨һЩڳǵĽǿգ㲻ôùǿ͡
ֱƬֳһˡ
һһģһˡ
῵ȻϵǸˣĵܵܣδĵܵܡ
һμ棬ǰǰصػعǵĸȥˡ
ѶǸΨƫܵܵĸʧȥи飬ܾȥǸŮ˵
Ƭϣ֌ȴomegaܡ
һԺǰϡɫӲݽˮǱ߽ˮ߲֌̸ĵܵվڳԣɢ鷢𵽶
ǿŶԷЦ῾ôۼˡ
ûпǶôЦ
ǴǰҲϲЦġģȴҲǳнġ
Ƭϣ֌ЦȴȫȻɵģǵ֣Ȼˡ
˽̽ʾ֌ǳǵھӣ⼸ҲߵñȽϽ
ѹзӿļŭῸԼǻ֌ϵһЩġ
Ͼô֌ֳһģһ
ɽеƬܿ֌
ͨ˽̽ĸȫƴճ˵ദ
֌һȥѩǲһ֌һ㡢ְֵؽ
֌һȥ磬˵ЦشӾԺгڹ㳡ϣ֌ϣǶڵͶι׸롣
֌ȥȡڴƬβǰ֌֧Żܽ뾰һͬ뻭

̫̫࣬Ը⽫ЩƬϴԸ⽫ǹǽϡΪЩƬˤ˺üֻ˽̽Ҫٸ㱨κιڳǵϢ
һûomegaϢЩֻ˲ȡ˼ŭĻŵӣ·𳯴ʱʧ֪ĵط
ֻ˽̽
ЩƬѻƬ޷뿪Ǽֻḯʴࡣ
ֻܲϵؼӿ촦Щ鷳ٶȣԼЩЦĶֳʧȥġ
еϣһУȥ¹omega
ڱ֌Ϊ֌һģһòڳǰ֌ûκĿܡ
ֻҪǡ




59 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮֱһ졭
õxoffer
＾ѧ죬 ǡ֌ǳһȥx ֌suv
ǳʱ֪ ԭ֌ȻѧУĽڡ
ڵǳ׵׵ؼ֤˵İ顣û뵽ô֌Ȼôᣬ¸оųǰѵ¹ˣ ҪǳǻҪoffer ָųǰȫŷ޶һ顣ãҪˡ
볯һҲ֌ְҵͱ Ϊһšҡ߰רҵȥʱǻߣ ʱӰ豸 ʱǵɽþߣˮͷŵרҵ䡭ǰһ飬 ˳ǡ
ҲûȱǮ ʳסһϸ
֪֌ȻѧУǸȥƸԺڣ Ǹ˵ڻ̳ܴĽڡ
ľúܾ棬 ֌֪ ϾȻܻ
κԼϲ ̶ȵӵɡ
˽³ǸпǼ񵽱ˣɤѧе˵мػƽᰡ
ֻ֮˵Ц ϾǳԼ飬Ҳûȥ塻ʲôҲ׸鲻˺ʵϲľҪһģмҪһЩʵĹȡ
ǵa󣬳ǸʦסڲʿԢ֌סѧУ׼һߵԢ
˵ǳɵһУ԰
ڴѧǰѧУжǱżģڴѧʱ֡ơԼ׷ΰԼʱѹեޡǴʱϵĸӵˣ߻һҲˡ
ȻһЩСС⣬糯ǵĻʵ࣬ʱֻ˶ʮȫĻʱ൱ɽա⵹óйţÿ춼һЩĹĵʦһλͰˣ֪һЩ׬ЩĿҲųǡ
ǰ̫࣬Щ귢ˡ
֌չˮɣڿѧºĳһ죬ʽһˡ
ǰǵһƬӣһɺԵĸһ죬ͷ紵
ȻӴÿһ춼ֵεġ
ֱһ죬ǸԭⱲӶйϸˡ

ڽ鷳̾Ͱȥ¹ĺߣһƺ̯ӣϾͷȥ˵¹ڷɻֻ˻ۣڶ˵㵽˵¹
xڵĳбйʻ˷ɻԭȰźõ˾Ҳһڵˡ
һ̲ͣظ˽̽Ϣȥx
⼸£һӦţһֳǰδеĽͼ尾
˽̽㱨ǵĽǸ֌Ӱ룬һǰѾȷ˹ϵ
յϢЩİ칫ȫˡ
Щŭ뼵Ҳ޷ѹֱ֣޲̾ȥ¹˰ݺݱ
ʵ֮ǰ῾˱ǳǵͷ
ȻʼʱƽӹomegaмһˣֻǴһʱͽϵʱƣȻ˼ԼԳǵĸ飬֪ѾԽԽںomega
ŷֻomegaԽԽˣҲ˶Գ˼Ϊ
㲻볯ǽ飬ҲûҪ볯ǷֿΪʲô
⣬Ѿ޳ֵıҪԡ𣬶ÿһΡУҲҪԼܿԼomegaڳ|ᡣ
Ȼһ̲ס˸ʱǣǾ졣˼ͥҽҽΪǵķֻ̫ˣġԡٻ죬ҪٵһܱȻͺ׶Գǵġԡɲ˺
ҲΪˣῲôá
ʵԭڳǳǰҽ˵һѾ쵽ˣԭٹʹųȥһ¡ԡǷ죬ȲҪomega
Ȼûȵ죬ֻȵ˳˵ҪȵǵгǳϢ
֪ϲ֌һ𲻹Ϊ֌ͬģomegaȾָʵŭ˫Ŀɺ졣
һΣ׼ԼĹԢ
Ȼȴסˡ



60 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮϲ֡
Ǹһҡɫͦװ Ϊߴ ȫûСԡװΣ ԵüΪ֮üĿӣͬͻϵĹϹ塣
һģһݣϾԵӸ£ һϱع
ǿʱ ʱվˡ
֌òûһ˿һĲ𣬵ǳȴܽϴ
ῲΪȴѾؿ῵۾ֱֱע
ǻæصͷ ֱӹսԱߵڡ
ԭڵ·ԼԢ·
սڣ׼첽߿ ȻȴƳֱӴ
û߼ ῾׷
ڿǿԼͱ֮ˣ῵ɫʱͳ
Ǳץסֱۣ òͣ½Ų
ңʡ
ѹɤ Щҧгݵĸо
̧ͷ˺ŭģ ЩĪ
Ҳڶ㣬 ѾˣҲٶ¶˶ѡ˵
ȷʵ뷨
˿ֱһӿ ҳ˹ ˵ǽô
üû㣬ȥ㣬Ѿ˵ô
һʱ
ʱ˵ ô˵óߡ
ųǲ߶ѣ˭֪ǾȻֱһس˹
ǰomegaÿһϸϸġֻĿڶЩۡ
ûмǣԼҪ
˼˴
Ѿʰˣ˺òã
Ӧǳദôãϵһ
òáʾĴβ˵ԵЩΥ͡
ҲʮֺЦ
˵ô⣬˵ЩһǴôңΪΪ϶Ȱ˱˶ѵô
ɫЩѿ̵Ⱦ˰⣬ȴһʱûб粵
ȷǼٻ
ǰϲ¡
ңʶʮꡣ볯һǰomegabetaںʵϲЩַ˵omegaЩomegaȫͬС־ȤͶǿáԡ涼ġ
˵罻ȦУͱĬΪһԣ˫ʵûбʾ
ҲżʵҲжôеҪһֻǾúʰˣұҲҶкô½飬ʵһȷ˵Ĺ滮
ȻȴͻȻֻomega
ǵһʱ֪ģ֪ѾһalphaһˡһǼһòԶalpha
Ϊǵ϶аٷ֮ʮ
úܲ˼飬ΪΪ϶ȾһһǴһָʲô
ǡù˲ãǸϼ˳ǡ
ˣһҲڳbetaֻomegaɺϵǣԼҲżߵ϶ȡ
ԼҲ˵嵱ʱǻʲô˵ǰϲ£Ҳá
Ǻ棬Ƕ⣬һҲûĴ𰸡
Щȥˡ˵Ͳϲˡ
Դӷֻomega󣬱˾ĻǰЩѶûϵǰ֪ʱÿЦúܣΪomegaԭ
ǽԼȫϣΪ˶ԷȫԼңԼԼƷ
ʵҲomegaϲ㽫ΪԼģԼΧתϲǰੲݡǰomegaĿ̰ӡһַˡֺȫһ
ʵᣬֵʮĮȻ񣬵ʵԼ֪ˡ
˵ڲϲˣǹȥˡǶ˵㻳ŷйŪҵ̬ҿʼ±ԶܹȥĲôҲЩˡ
Ǹר̽͡λߣҪ볯ǵͷǱʶҲվڳ߿ǡ
ʵҲˣҲֳ˭˭ΪѾ֣ǰϴˣϲ겢֌
Ҫ˵ٳǰǰĵһ֮⣬޸飬ҲǡҲʲôʯͷһֱڸһжǻһ󣬶ҲȫȻͬϾעģ˵ջرջصġ
ᨸЩҪ˽ϢԽЩȫȻ˵ڻһµĸ顣
ĽˣҲǱĸֵðĽˡ
ЩԴҪˡ֮ԻЩҪ뿪ѡ
ȴ²̸ҪСˣǽںεأ
Э飬ʲôšü
ѾЩˡ
ŶһҲȥһλalphaЭ飬ԸôǷʡ
ʱͳɫ
Ը⣿ôԸ⣿
Ҫ˽飬ֻһͷҲ޷ֻ̣Ҫڴ˿룬һѪӿ
ȻܿͷӦԼķӦǳҪ˵ô
׼Լ˽飬ȴó˽顣
Ѿ㣬ȴɲԼˡ
飬Ҷ棬𡣵ʲôҪ˽أԼ͹ˣõһС
ǼܲµʲôûиԷشĻᣬֱ˵ԸԸ⣬ʵҪ
Ҫ˵ٱ飿ѾˣҲٺʲôϸˡ
üۼͲ͡
仰ȴҲѹסԼŭ⡣
˭йϸ𣿺֌󣿺͸ҳһģһˣǣ㵽жϲѾ
ʵʵģǳжϲǳжϲ
Զ׼ôĲˣôܻٸһһģһһ
һθ飬ֻԷЩϵĶԸ
ϲ֌󣬲ΪΪһģһ˵
˵ϲ֌ʱɫѾ׳
ϲжϲˣųǣǺεĶŭ
мʡ
㡺¶ǵĻҲһ󡢶ԡԡŵĳǾЩѿ
ˣôӲͷƤʡ
仰˳׼ŭ῵һݡ
ǿῷѪ˿۾˲ԾҪ뿪
Ȼȴ῵ֱӿס
῵ĳͣﲻʮ׵ĵطǼǱŵ˳ԡǵ֮ǰͱԿңشˡ
ֱؽϽ˳С
omegaһߵalphaǰСöЩЦ
óǾģʱ·ϸûʲôˡ
´Ͻ˳󣬱˾˵ȥ¶ׯ԰
˾һĻҲûκֱӵͷ˵İ¶ׯ԰ʻȥ



61 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮģ˵Ļ
Ǳקϳ 㳢ŽԵĳŴ򿪡
קŰѣ Ŷ˿ ȻѾˡ
òתͷῡ
ͺܴ󣬵δ ڵĿռϾǸСĿռ䡣һ׾żԵüѹȸСһ˲˲ؿųǣ ĳ̵ڶԼе
ǿһ˫ڰ׷΢΢󣬳Ľ𲻶϶ ̲
ῡơǣǼ ʶ㣬 ھڱԵ΢һˣ ĺ󱳱˱Ӳĳš
ֻܿΰ ˫һֱֱͫ
ǲҿ۾ ˰صͷ ȻȴӱҲԸ޳Ĵֱӿסǵ°ͣ ͷ̧
һִֻǵĴ ָһһµڳǵĴϹβţҪȥʲôһ
˵ˣһˣ
ȥˣ䡻ˣ¶Ƕӣ ϵĶҲ϶ûɽᣬΪζû䡣
˵ţյǵľ䣬ɢ
֪ǲǷֻ̫ԭ򣬳ճ㲻ƼƻҲɢϢءֻalphaĻռŻɢǰ㡣
ζ
ֻԱľګءŦ۶Ҫ֪ͨؿ۵һšֻʵεomegaȴŨҶϢء
Σһ˿˿ζᵽ
ңں󾱵ѪУÿһεѪɢŨΪǳڱΪĵϢ
ǴѪҺɢġ
ÿΣҪò֪סûǿССľϺݺҧ¡
omegaϢȻǸɸɾģûκȾָϢ
ΪϢصʣǰΰҲûŹϢأ֪Ϣʲôζ
ֻ֪
Ǳʶжʵе˼ΪεĻϲ޷Ƶռϲá
Ȼȴֹһˡ
뵽ɫİڳǴĦҲԽѳŪۣô꼸һƤ
̫ˣ˵ĺһ
û㣬ֳǻ𣿡
Ϸʣ۵ȴѹ
̵ĲУͬʱ־ѿߡ
ῴǰƿ
ȴ˿׾ٵؿס˳ǵһֻ
볯ǵĺ󱳣סǵһֻݺݳ
ֻϽ߬һֻֻ
ֻĻóʱŵģֱǿק˲䣬ǰ
һֻοסǵֻþˣһֻֻ㿪󿴼סĻЦһ
֌㣿
ʲôأ
Цֻӵֱ顣
Բһûüȥ
һ̫ˣŪͱotzͳ֌󷢸ϢߴٵⳡϷ֌ɲС
ϻ١ϵͳ˵
С˼ͳԽԽʵˣmua
ˣллϵͳ䵭˵
˶ˣǵٸǸֻαһϢѾȥĺۼǲ
ȻֻѾῲˣϰڰˮ©
ټһ١ϵͳĪøԶۻ
û⣡
ϵͳζԻڼ䣬ǲ۾ΰϾ嵽˼㡣
жԼݵĽǡɫĴ⻹ڽС
δֲ˵ģ
ǰῺ⡺¶ڳǿҲһ߸ϵĮ̬ȴ˺ǲ㱡ɴǲϷֲĿ¶ڳǰ
῵Ϣڳ
ڰǰһμ֌ʱŹ֌Ϣصζǵʱһ㡣
ŵģҲһ㣬ʱֻbetaϢزУûвʲô
ԽģʹֻomegaҲûоʲôԡ
ֱ֪Ὼ֌ˣٴŹ֌ϢأŲ
֌Ϣ֣Щݺζ
῵Ϣȴѩغɵζ
῵Ϣȴ볯аٷְٵ϶ȡ
omegaѪıЦıܣᵽalphaϢ˲ˡ
Ϥ|ӿϵҲж˸һɶ
޷ƵصalphaĻУ˶ЩΣǼⶼܸܵԼɢ
ȣճ
ֲԼƵĸо̫ˣǰĿ־岻ϼӾ磬ʶҲϢش̼áԡˡ
Ώ޹ɵ͵͵
˿ʶЩģˣðͷתСӡ
ĳֿֿɰС׺ʱ޴ӣֻţԷŹԼ
ôԸ⽫ò׵ֵأ
΢Ƶĳǵĺ󱳡
ԣ¡
ڿʲôãʡɡ
˵Ļ͸Ŷӡ



62 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮ壩Ҫִš
ߡԡԡǿϢصŨѾһ£ Ȼⲻ塺ԡʡֻǳԼomegaϢضֻΪbeta˾˵ûжӰ죬 Ŀбӵضǰ ֱƽʻһĴš
ׯ԰ܴڴŴȫ޷ı߽硣ֻܿ׸ߵĵǽһֱ쵽ӽľͷЩߴľΪһ塣
Ȼȴ޷עЩ ʻ˽Сʱ СʱóǱŨҵϢغalphaϷŪŪȫޡ
alphaĻУ䱻alphaֱ۽ס ʱҲȫʧȥ˷˼ʶ͵ã alphaϣ شӺ伷һЩ
ܡָⶼɢ
΢ƫͷ˴תḧomegaƯļ
ϾҪˣ ٵȵȡ˵
̵봹ţ 滳еomegaʪͷ𵽶ֽ޳ָḧڳǵϡ
Цţ ǳŪǳ磺ôôУ
˵ţ ʵȻ˭Ϊλ
Ǹ϶аٷְ٣alphaͶomegaоԵƿ ˵϶ȰٷְٵalphaֻҪ룬 еomegaһийٶƿء
һΣϢȥơЧȴΪ⡣
ֹ߰˷ӣ ͣˡ
´Ǳ˳
omegaͲߣټϸ񣬴ʱڸߴalphaУԵС
ׯ԰ǰЩڵ¹õ˽ȻһҲûסأȴӶڴ
֪ԼҪ¹ǰ˲ˡ
ټׯ԰Եÿա
ӶǼʱҲóȻȥк
ׯ԰˻бԼֿɰomegaȻǲӦʱ
Ӷֻʱһͷʾʺ
ҲûںӶ˵ųǿ첽¥ߡ
¥ֱԣǷĴϡ
ȫalphaϢ˵omegaѾ޷뿪alphaĻһſͬ¶ںеһ㣬ߺůϰʹʲôҲоŬסalphaĺ󱳡
ֺЦĳǵĺ󱳣պ˵ûҪߣֻЬˡ
omegaĶһǣڸomegaһЩϢͰomegaܹĻ֧֮һС
omegaĵõ˰һûalphaж㣬ǰ壬alphaȥЬӡ
ܹòʮ룬˺漸omegaַˮalpha֣ȲҪصalphaС
῿ĳǣĶЩˡ
סԼomega

ѾҪȫǳǡ
Ȼڳɽһ̣ԭѾǻomegaܵǻڵı仯ʱǻʲôƾܒIԼɱ˴ĵߡ
صɴ۾˰ţԼ˿
ɽΪ˷ֹomegaѣ´ʱûɽᣬǿеѳֳǻ˺ҲǼġ
ڷӦ|˲硺ˮȥ
𣡡ȵæȥ鿴omegaơ
ã˲أҲûгѪ
·ùֻæظҽ绰omegaһ¡
Щ˿һŭӿ
ôұ㣿ҧʡ
Ǵ˿ҲָǣԼ۵壬ѵһԵıסԼ󣬿ΰƽ˵Ѿ֌һˡ
ǿ|
ῼҪЦˣȥҰ
϶Ȱٷְ٣˭᲻ǲһԣǣ֪϶Ȱٷְʲôȫ綼Ҳ϶ȣҼעİ£
۾һգգ仰ַŭ
ȷ϶ȰٷְٵaoǵһֽȽ֤Ҫʮжǿ|жǿ|须˵Ȩ죬©ꡣ
ңϢ㲻ǿ|须|须
϶ȣ϶ȡǡ
ǰǾԼ῰ٷְٵ϶ȣעԵ֣Ҳ˰Ҫο
Ȼȴֶ
ῴǰǵ϶ȲмһˣȴΪǿʱóǾÿЦ
ŹҰɣῡЩʹر۾
ῼģȴǾֿ̲࣬ס˵ˡ
ʲôô飬ҲԲᡣЩ˰ȵˣҸòã
ῴûôǵġ
ҲˣʵһҪ顣飬ܵõ棬ʵȲϳǡֻǰϳǶԼҪԡҲ벻ΪʲôΪҪ˵ʲôһһԵؾͳ˹ܵһ
ŭѾЩǹǡ
ųǣȴоЩšҡͿ־壬ƺû뿪ˣҪˡ
ѾЩˣڽ鲻飬ƽȲƽȡ
ֻǿҲڸġ
ΰҰϱˣǽˣ仰𣿡һԵ˵ţҰ֌󣬲ΪһģһֻΪ֌󡣾һһǰûйϵ
ûаΰΪ᳹׼ŭῡ
ȻҲᷳûû˵ľǿȣֻ߾ܵ
İ㲻϶ôϲ
ΪǰǧٸԻһЩ顣ôˣῷأ
ֶרλߣһԼҪĶҲԸȾָ
ְҵ뷨óǾӲӲùΰֻͼ
Ҫִôһ㲢ϲˣȫ
ȻԽ˵ɫԽǲһĺ˷籩
ῷѣſڴʹһ죬ײˡ
Ű͵ص£¶վŵˡ
֌󣬻ͼȴ޹ıڡ
֌ڳǰģǴδ֌׺ݵģ
ײĿͿڷţֱ˹űڴϵĳǡ
ȻȫӹʵϵһЩۣзŵŨϢأ֌ոշʲô
ɫְ˼֣⸱ģῡ
֌󣡡Ǽʮ־ϲغ
Ǻ뵽ԼģʱֳָѿΡ
֌ǽ󣬱첽ߵ˳ǰԼ
Բ𡭡˵
֌ոɫеĺȴԳʱȫʧˣȡ֮ۡ
ḧǵĺ󱳣˵ûµģСûжԲңĴ
ԭȴûסıڣֻܸῡ¶һǸɫ
֌ʲôӣȥϼͽɳĮʡиΪܴ򡣱ȻǶܹΪרҵѵֱһ򲻹֌󣬼һҲĴ򲻹һ֣ͺѱ֤Բˣ֪֌῵ĵܵܣȻº֡
ҲûᱣڣǿŴǰӵˣɫ




63 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮǺ󣬡
֌û뵽Ϲ󿴵ĻһĻ
δĸ磬 ǿˡ
һֱ֪һθܹˣ Ҳһֱûȥ飬 ֻǲ뵽һȻĸ硣
ȥῶЩ˵
ſⷿڼΪΣ῵ָ뿪ˡ
֌· ݸ˳ǡ
Ŵ ⴦Цѿ˼㣬ǿȣ˵²塣
֌׳еѿ ڳǰΰҵˣ ǲǸøҸͣ
˿ɫΪƣ ῴʱţľˡ
͡ǱЦһ Ҫʲôͣ˵ˣ
ҵomegaƽֱسš
֌ԽԽɫ Цˣʲô֪
㲻֪ϲҰ꣬ Ϊҿa ΪȥΪǰһҵ Ϊȥǰ һˡҫڳЦҸ֮ǰЩìܣ ҵ˵¹˸һģһ㡭
üʣΪʲôҪһ⻹Ҫ˵ô
ֻڸѡ
㻹Ҫ˵˵ʲôʱ򣿡
ʱѾ·ãΪѵشӴվߵ֌ߣ߬ס֌䣬̧ͷ֌˵ҸͽˣҲΪһĳϲ㡣
֌ס˳ǵ֣˵֪
θ˳תͷΰɫ
ûн˵
Ȼ῵޼ɵ׼ŭ῵ĽҲ֌˶߳ׯ԰
Ѿᷳˣֻ뿪뿪ῡ
ڻûǷϣῸոҲֻϢʱǿаǾǷǷнˡ
֌ʮָ۵ģȴǴʹ῵۾
ҲƭƭˡῳǣϲҰ꣬аٷ֮ٵ϶ȣأ
֌ͻȻɿ˳ǵ֣͵ǰݺݸһȭͺ𣺡Ҳǿɣ
ĨĨǣԼδĵܵܣûϻżŭ
˲Ťһ
˶ǶalphaϴþˣҲϵͳѧһǼΪҺˡ
ȳǷӦʱ˰Ӷһ롣
գգۣЩ𾪣ʹˣ
Ȼأϵͳʡ
˶öԷԼţܲô
̼һֲ´ģ
ûġϵͳЩ
Ȼأһomegaȥǽϵͳʷʡ
˵˵ϳǻװȾźǵģƺȥȴֲ֪
գ޿̵ظߺһˣס֣
ʱ϶˲ٲʡǿûԷ֣ж֡
ĵһμ֌ôһ档
ǵ˻ͣ֡
֌ҲЩӦǱŭͷ˸ոܵǿȣ˿Ҫοʱ򣬶µؿԼ˴򶷡
߰ɡߵ֌ߣС֌˵
á֌˵
תͷ˿ŲϣҲЩ衺ҡΰ˵ҵʦϵ
ʱ򡣡վֱ壬̵˱

֌ʱҲûõȥҲϣϸǱ˲ˡ
ǻ֌ĽڹԢǿ֌ģǵǣǻȥҽԺһ°ɡ
û¡֌˵
ڼ˻һǼ£ܵǳ£ûȥҽ£ԼлжϺͼ򵥵ƴǱġ
֌ߴ򿪡ҩԼϡҩʣῡ
ɫЩ
㲻˵Ҳûϵ֌ЦЦ㡣ֻǺ˺㡣
ҵȷϲꡣ򴽣˵ʱܴҵп޵ˣȴƴһȥ׷
ԭomegabetaǰͻȻֻomegaҸ˰ٷְٵ϶ȡ͸˵һǰ˵ҪҸ룬仰Ӧþǵĵ˵˼ǵʱҰϣĸһ𡣡
Ҫ˶ˣҪֿȴ˵鲻Ӱ쵽Ҹ֮ĹϵЦǣֵ֪֮һֻΪϲΪ϶ϲһˣ˸϶Ȱٷְٵҡ
ҲܻǶθװơ̯ƽҹΪںп޵ˣ˵¹
Щ˵󣬺Ȼ˺ܶࡣ
̧ͷ֌󣬴ʱalphaԭӢһƬԵЩǱ
ǴʱomegaȴǴȻİ⣬˵ĺң㡣
ĺ
תתȻôɺϵءô˵أٴ
ԼģҪá
֌ЦˣŹ⡣
ͷ˳ǡ
ǰģȴļңӶռ
Ǻ֌ʣ˵Ҳռ㣬Ҳж׺ݵһ棬Ầ𣿡
̲סЦˣ֌۾
ôᣬʲô
ĶalphaҪȫȻûƢģǲ֡
֌ǸˣΨдʱŻ᡺¶ģʲôô

Ҫ֌
Ͳνİٷְ϶ȵԼ
֌֪Ǵbetaֻomegaĳǵġԡٷ죬ҪųȥҽԺһ顣
ǺܿȥҽԺǣǵġԡٻܳܳױǡ
̫ʲôʱ򳹵׳죬ҽҲ޷һȽϾʱ䣬ֻʱ顣
ʵʮټˡаڳbetaֻɵomegaԡһͻᷢ졣ǷֻѾпˡ
ҽԺ󣬳ʮֳء
û뵽Ȼ޷֌ǡ
ֻʱġ
ⲢģΪῲûзļ
֌󲢷ֻǼ򵥵ķźݻʦῡ
ǶԷȻиӴķΪ߶˵ʹ
Һŭΰܿ쿪ʼķ
֌ûʵȨ๫˾Ĺɷݷֺ죬಻ڶ̶̼ڣЩԸַʽջءᡣ



64 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮߣҪ
ˣ ˳Ϯ˻ĳţ ѧԺͣ ڸҲ׻ˡ
һУֻڶ̶̼죬⼸죬 ϼǿʷ
Ϊ̳һ֌ 񶾵š
ΪĳţǩԼһЩҪԼ⸶ʵΥԼ֌ûй磬 ˬĸΥԼҲԭʣʲ˽ȥ
Ƿֻǽ֌ĻһһһԱȣ ڹͼϼһģһ ǸҲó˸ʱ֤ݣ֌󳹵ױ˳Ϯĳϡ
ֶֻڶ ؿڶµ
֌ĳ֮ ڻ̳ߡǲ˽⻭ڴ֮ǰҲʶ֌ Ҫ˵֌᳭Ϯ ܡԡ
֌Ȼ
ԭǰŵԣƺڴʲô顣ǺܾûͶˣ תͷһۡ
Сڶֻ һģ
˹ȥĳǵļЦ˵Щˡ
ǳô ܹż費٣ȴǵһиܵ޳ɱġġ޶˵籩һʱò֪˵ʲôãֻܿ֌󣺡㶼𣿡
ʲôģ֌Цˣࡻˡࡻǵͷ
Щ˲ȸ͵飬İǵĿأǻþͺˡ˵˵Ĳģֺα⣿
ǿƵᡢƺȫȻϵģȴࡣ
һġ˵ȴܲܡ
ΪΡ
֌
֌ڣ´󲿷ʲջءᣬһЩ޹صʲҲΥԼ𣬹ҲԼˡ

̫ˡ֌󽫳еֻߣ˳ֶ˴ϣԼ򽫳˻У䱦ҪҲ
ߵЩȲ㣬ҿ׬ˡ
Ƶ˵ҲŲ䱦
Ҳߵġ
ġ
֌Цšࡻˡࡻ΢ͷû˵
ô᲻ء
ֻԴĸ磬ԸֱԼġ
ȻҪʱ򣬰䱦
ֻǺܱǸԺǿҪһЩѵˡ֌˵
ҡҡͷֽס֌

֌ѧУԼˣǽڹԢȻǲסˡ
ѧУԱߵĵطһԢ
ǵȻԸʱһԣҲԼĲʿԢ˳֌һס
֌Ȼû˹һбµ˵ĶȱıֶΡ
Ͻ໭壬Բķʽ߽һЩƵȣЩԭϸԣ
Ҳ΢΢Щġ
Ȼĺûάּ죬죬֌ӵĵӶˣֻҪ⸶ˡ
֌ǰ˰̫ѨЩ̾
Ͼɱһ硣
ʵҲͲµˣֻչ鱧һ˿
ԸЩ߳ǣֻǵڶԼȥһĹ
Ȼ߳ǣҲܲ²
֌صҺ󣬿ı˫ͨĳǣɳϡű˵󣬱һ˫ͨͨһ۾
֌ʱ۵òУ첽ǰָĨȥ˳ǵᣬʣôˣ
ȴͻȻ˵Ļ˵ŶԲ
Ȼס
֌ЩΡ
𳯴ǵһȥˮɵϣ˼ҡʲô
ЩǶˣҲһ졣ĸǰмλģһλԸңȥǹ˾ȥʦȻΪãλҲܲˡ˵
ʵҲһ취ûСЩȻûȨǲһֶûֻҪЩʱ䣬ʱУῡ
֪ǣҪе䱦ҲЩЩȨơ˵ڣҲ֌硣
ǽŽɵؿ
Ȼ֌˵ȴһ
ճ֌
ܱңҲҪңòã

˯𴲡
Ϻܸˬļȷͣ֌ԡҡ
˴·Ǿòúܡ
ЩпֵܱĲ˵ܷ棬˫̥
رϻ֌һο磬ƽʱòУȴǺ޲ý븹
ϵͳȾ󲿷˶Ҫ˽⳯ǵıԡ߷Ű۱ʣˬ𣿡
ˬֱԲ䡣
ˬ˾ȥɻ㻹벻ˣ
밡ǡࡻˡࡻⲻҪݽô
ԭ밴Լļƻ£ȴͻȻһЩ˼Ķ
֌ӣһ
ǶԿĵãҪôնû㱾¿ɲС
˸˿쵽ﲦŪ˼£ͱˡ
ŵ໭
棬һչٰĲ߻飬һССıʼǱ
ٰڣӦ֮
ʼǱϣдһЩ衺ҡָ壬֌ڻչһЩ룬ĵڿȻǰͿʼˡ
ǼЩԭ֌ĻСЩ֌֮ǰģЩ֌һ𻭵ġ
ÿһţע֌޵Ѫ
һţǱ㿴֌һ¡
ԭᱻޱϧذڷڻڻչϣܵ˵Ϊ֌ƻĻչҲòͣ
СԢֻһһҶûСЩֻܼرСĳ
ǽۿǶʲô
ܵô

£ȴֵ֌ˡ
֌ϻʱûбֳһ˿֌Ҳ֪ڳѾǷˡ
ڶ֌سˣűϵʱԭ˯ģĳȴͻȻ۾
ٵش·ֻ
֌ֻװһλСΪ˷糯ǵ裬ǲ˰磬װԼѧһЩʮִǳ׾СֶΡ֌ûзһж˳
һСʱ󣬳ǳš
ݶλ˰Сʱĵֲ˶ʮӣյ˾֌ֻмʮ׵ĵط
վ·棬ǰһҲ
նλʾ֌ӦþǼҲ
ǲֻ̫ܸ·ŲĲһԼˡ
ڣҵˡ
ˣڲģһС̨ϣŸ١
һҲǱһҲﵱ֣ȴĿĹӰ֮һ
ݶ߹
֌󲻸

ͷֱǿһ˸֌СѺ󣬳ӿ
֌ˣǲκε澳ġ
һ˳ڽ˳ɳɵˡϸӵֿɵõĲƸϸӵȻ𾴣һ֌һᡢᶨ֌
ΪһֻʶµˣͽԼľء
кʲô֧ŵĶˡ
ֺиһֱڵͷڱЩει׳
ǻججػص֌ĹԢ
ͳָֻذǴޱϤȴôҲᲦĺ롣
绰ܿͱͨˡ
ǡ
˵һĳ
ڳǶУȴԵޱȴ̶
ҪԸ֣



65 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮˣһ

绰ͷֻ֡
ûй ֻ赭д˵Ҫ ˵´
ڽһܳ˼ҵĹ
ܱ֤һжָ𣿡Ǳ˱ۣ ǿ֌סһУ㶼ỹ
ǲǶ֌ȵں 绰ͷĬһ
Ȼ˵
áǴӦˡ
߻£ ܻعҪ仪㡣
УѧУǱߵ Ҳã㲻ȥˡ
绰ͷŪŸֱʣ Ϊĵ˵
óԼع Լص仪仪ȴalpha
һп ֮󱻳Ĩȥ ᷴɳǣѹļ
á촽 ³ֺ ɥʧе

ûе֌
ʰԼ˽ĻƱ ҴҸ֌һź Լֻһµġ
֌Լΰ ˣոλ
еһУŷɻĺٴλصԭĹ켣
֪ʵǶ֌ıѡ
֌֌Ҳδзͷ̩ȻرջʲԼصӡʼգ֌ӱֳɥ͵ӡ
֌һǿˣЩԺǶ˵ֵһᡣ
ǳȴ޷ܡ޷֌ΪԼ̳ϵ
Ȼܹ֌һ𣬵ľȴһһεش𲽻 ǱΪĴ֌ʧȥƸʱпԼ֡֌ܵǵصáѧУҲָָʱЩֲסˡ
һһֱǿõѹϡ
֌Ϊô࣬ȴ֣ٻصԭ㡣Ƕ֌ıѣҲ֌Ŀ
ǳǾãʹʹ˵֌Ϊʲôôϲأʶ˼£֌ûҪΪԼһ
һֱ֪˲һΪѸ鿴̫أǴ˲ڣ˭û˭ȥأ
Ҫ˶ã֌ͻ»صԭĹ켣С
˾޵

žôİɣ˵ʵ򡻹˼άʱҲԴⰡǿڷɻϴϣжϵͳͷ
ɣooc̶Ȱٷ֮ģȽϡǡ뷨oocϵͳһ¡
ooc̶ǰʱһб׼ϵͳԴһܣǰʱ̿żġڳǲ񣬲ûб׼
ǲô˵Щooc̶ȱȽϴĻǺΣյġҲǳǾάԭ򡣲ôȥҲҪڷ¡
Щ鲻ô裬ҲҪǿаһ⵽ʱ˷ֲԾʱûзء
ڰٷ֮ʮµooc̶ȣڰȫΧġ
Էġ

˷ɻ󣬻Ѿ仪ˡ
῰ŵˡ
Ƕ˵϶ôҲ㲻ϵͻ仪뿪ˡ
仪ﲻ̫ӶˣһЩı⣬ֻһλʮ̸
ǻһ緹֪Ǹ֮ǰ飬Ϊֻǳһˡ
ͦϲǵģסѣȻȴֻɫ㱣Ӧ
ججعһҹ
˵ڶҹΏˡ
Ѿȥˣڿûơ
Ώһôƣ
˵ţ˳ְѵƴˡ
ȫûиܵҪգֻǿӡ
ûɳϳĬŵĳǣǾֱھƹóƿȽϸߵѾơ
ӣص˿
ڳǵĶ£ƣһǡ
֪ǵľܲƽƣ򲻵ˣҲһ͵
ǳҲûּۻ۵˼ʱƱһ¡
߽űеѾƣ࣬ҲܸߣǺֻǺ˲ӣûķӦ
ָһ
ֱ屭󣬳䣬ҲԵֵϵųˡ
жơ˼˿⣬űӵôҲٲ
θڷӿǿ¡
ȴЦһ
վߴӰϷͶ䡻Ĺⶼȥ˴롣
žƱߵǰ
ôˣողƢô
ЦȴûаЦ⡣
𳯴ǵգƱĴϣӲǹȥ
һ¶ǣʵܵˡ
̲סҪԼȴ῰ס˼
˻лʣһСľƿֵһڳǵı
ҡͷʶѾʼģˡ
ж϶³ЩܾͰĻ
῿ȴûа̵˿̿侲úˡ
ųǵǿֺһ
һൽһ룬ʵܵˣţῼ⸱ģݵؽִƵϡ
ؿס
Ǽ޳ָƯȴ޵צ
ûٽƱڳǵĴϣǻȳһȴƱþƺ졺ɫġҺӸߴк˳ǵϡ
վǰпֺ
Ӹµؿ˰ձơҺ͸¶ǱƯģ
⧲ơҺ˿ǻͱǻʱܵ
ǻľơҺܣ̲ס
ſţ֮ǰǿѹµŻҲڴ˿ȫȻѹƲסˣͷҵŻ
῵ͷһûȥתȥһë߻泯ǲ˰
Щﱻȥл޷Ƶظ⣬Ǽۿ
ῴһ˲ŽקԼ¥
ǱԡңŽԡ
ԡ׺ܴ󣬳ȻomegaҲһСԡԡֻռȥ֮һĿռ䡣
ֱӿϷͷ˲佫ȫʪˡ
ϵﶼûȥʱҲʪˣڳǵƤϡ
ǵʶʱѾģˣֻܵͷϸϸʡ
һֻڱ£޴ܣֻˮȫǱ
῵Цţˡ
һ磬Ҳԡ



66 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮţΰ㡭
ԭòᡣ
ŭŵomegaȾ˱˵Ϣʱﵽ˶塣
֮ǰ˵Ѿ֌ʱ Ȼ֌Ϣصζ ûô
ŨȵϢأ ҪôǲûҪôǸһʱˡ
ô˵ʵϣῶ˵ĻǽŽɵġ
ڣ ϵϢѾŨҵ ˭ųһalphaݺռй
֪ü˺κ
ؾҪԼomegaһѵ

ǼҪϴȥһƤȫǴ꡺ࡻȵķ죬ű῱ԡҡ
ӵϡ
ƸͷΣ ȫƤʹóܵ ʶҪԼ
ȴalphaչ
ܵڡ
ĿյԵݳޡ
Ȼȵݺ׼omegaġԡҧʱ omegaȴɴ۾ʲô
ܱǡ
ǵҽ˵ġԡٻûзܹǵĳ̶ȡ

Ȼalphaȷʵ΢ ΪǲԸܣ Ӵ|
ˡ
ɡ
ʲôأ
ͨʲôСȥ
ƹӳ䡻ĹӰҲԽԽˡ

ٴʱ һ䵥˲
оֺܱ һȥšҺ
ԣ Ÿߴalpha
Щᷳر˱ۡ
Ȼˣ ֪鲻ȴЩʧ
ȴȻϲѡ
Ѿ衺ԡˡ
ԭΪomegaֻ֧衺ԡˣȫȴ䲻ط ֱomegaĶͷϣʱ͵һ
̵ÿ¡
ʱʲô˲ˣҹųȥҽԺ
ҽԺֹ˴룬˵ŶӹҺš
Ͻˡ
ǵġԡٷ죬ǿбǸ˼ԡӦӦͲˡ
Ͻʱ֫ˡ
û뵽Ϊ
ȥ¹֮ǰѯʹҽҽ˵񳯴betaֻomegaİв˴ڡԡٷҲһͷˡǷֻѾˣǲҪĵġ
˭Ҳû뵽ǵô⡣
ΨһеǣǵųűǣнǱлˡ
ȻΪ˳ǵ룬ǻҪϴȥġϴȻ˺ܴ󣬵ϴȥȥԳǵ˺
иڱ˹ϴҪõö࣬Գǵɶ˺
ˣǻǻ衺ԡ졣
ʱѹҲ᲻һ˿
߹泯ǽĴߣֵһߵ档
ѯʳǡ
ҡҡͷû˵
ٳԵɡ˵
ȻʳǿǵţٲԶɲС
˵ţ´ǰİ塣
ܿ˹ˣȥЩ˹
࣬嵭ЩûԶЩʳڻָЩܡ
῵ü
Ҳԡһǿ
ںΣ޲ðһкõĶǰȻ彡ⷽ棬һĶϡ
ûлӦǵľܾ˳ǰ˫ֽǵס
omegaС䡣
Σߣš
Բ𡣡
alpha˵ҲⱲӵһεĵǸ
Ӧôһµģû뵽¹ţ˵Щѡ
ǰǸϣϽʱ౻˲뺮̶ĸо
Բ𡣡һ˵
Լ֣ȴûж
źܿٴαƿˡ
ЩʵǳŵģϸҲ졣
´ϵõķŷ˵С֧󣬾ͽӽ˹Сϡ
࣬ҨһףᴵڣݵǵĴߡ
ûſڡ
ؿΰȻֽϵˡ
˵Ҳԡ˵
ʱϣ뱻ˤ꣬῵մࡣ
Ȼ˳һˣẠ̊́ʱ῵ֱ̺һƬ
ô˿̲ûˣȻ⸱ģضŵˡ
῵ɫЩ
û㱻¹ӡ
ߵԱߵĹϣóëֲøɾ
򳯴ǣ԰׵ĲЩ
ǺҲӦõġ
˵ʲôȴǴˡ
ΰ֪ΪʲôҰ֌𣿡ͻȻʵ
˰Ƶ˳ĻʣΪʲô
ʵǲԸţôʱڣǸĳϲ˱ˡ
ǵҸһμʲôʱ𣿡һ⡣
Ҹʱҵ־Ը˵
ǳ˳ǣЦʵǵڶΣڰǰһֱΪǵΡ
˵úƣһȴЩõԤС
ǰұϵ۸ѧУǻ˵ţи˾ҡ
ĳѧУܳ¶ͰЩˡȥҽҵ渶ҽҩѣһٰʮǮ
ῴ̡ɫסˡ
һٰʮǮ
СѳеĿһ⡺ԡҲܿ컽ļ䡣
ȥ¹ǰԼȫԿףÿ¶ʮĿֻʫ٣һٰʮǮ
ǰῶ֪һٰʮ飬ȴԵʮͻأ
ҲΪʲôЩͷ㲻ϵǮ
ô룬Ҳûн벻κһٰʮǮϵ
ڶ죬ȥ㡣һٰʮǮ㡣
ҵһϣŵȵ˵ĻᡣǺܿϿˣֱӻ˽ҡ
ҫۣʲôʱ򡣺ҿ㴩Ьıһٰʮ飬ôҲͲȥˡ
Ҳûᡣ
ʱĳǣҪ˵һ仰Ҫ̫ȴ̫ʱ



67 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮ֪
ΪǸ㡣ǿԽԽᡣ
῿򳯴ǵ סˡ
һĴ̡ɫ飬 ڲڲչѺۡ
˵ҲöˡЦЦ һֱԡؿУһֱΪǸ㣬һֱΪ˰ꡣ
Ҳ֪ ǲ㡣֌󡣡
ҡȴ㵱 ˰ꡣ
ǴǰԸ˵˵ŭ֮⣬ʵҲǶôʵһ¡῵֌󣬰˰꣬ ΌƽôǸϺˣ˶Բһټ£ ҲܵԼһ
һһΣ ⲡϣһ վǶԹޡ
ΏһЩʱ顣
ȻǱʶٲԸţ Ҳ޷Լµʱ̫á
Ȼǵãǰ֌ҹ Ϊĸ飬 Ҳ֌ΨһһλعʱȫԵϡ
˳ǣִȥ ôܲǵá
ԡ
ΪԼĳǣ Լĳǣǰ˱ˡ
ĵܵܡ
ף֪֮ǰ֌ ̽Լȥתͷָ֌Ƚˣ
῵һնһ֡ƿֲģС
һΣڡΏ򳯴߽ƤЬʯذײȴ䲡Ψһ
һһһһ
ڳǴǰվųǡ
ϣӸµظǹƵῡ
ɫȴӿɲһҪ𣬵ȴһߣؿסˡ
ֻһ㱡ֽ
ҰޱҪ֮
أš
һֱܺһѴ٣滺ѹɤӣȴֹ֮ꡣ
㰮Ұ꣬һ꣬ЩȲ֌ǰһϣЩǼٵ𣿣
ӵͳ˻ΪȵķŭǻݶԵŤˡ
ûбŵ
ֻǶЦЦûʲôǵİôģﲻô
ʲôѽƸ̾˵һֽΰʲôʸ˵أ
ļȵ߰ô˵ҰԼ̫ˡ˵һ򡻹Ҳʹ治ʲôɡ˵ˣҲҵ̡˵꣬˵һ꣬ҵĻô
Ŵųǡ
˿̣ǣ׳ǵ˼һ꣬ǰѳǵһ֮֮ȥºԳǶģҲδ֣ԸԼϣԳǻǳƲϺá˽飬óһûֵˡ
ѾȫȻŭͷ
ûаҡųǣһһٵ˵ֻǰҵ֌󡣡
ͷ
ʵ
ˣӣﶼǡῺ͵ľ˲ͬһˣǰ῰꣬Ҳܺ޸顣
Щĥˡ
ʲôʣˡ
ðõúܰǡҪЦ
ЩֻʣӺݷＷһ
֪ˡ
ôأ˶٣̣ǣΪʲôҪڸ˵Щ
ҲȥҲ㡣ֻߣţĵ
˵ţܲϵˣҲ˵һƬǽֱ࣬ˤŶ

֮һֱû
֪˾֮ǰмָ飬Ҳױˡ
ĽǾٿԼôһˡ
Ҳá
ǽԼûʲôζı
ڲ˰¡
ⷽ῵ûпȻԼṳ̂һǻרŵĻչ˳ǵʳ
Ҳûˡ
ҽԺ˵԰ԺʱĻ߳ҽԺ̨ף㿴мλװ˳߹
Ϊ׵Ǹ˵
ҵģ˳һ䡣
ǵġС¾ͺá
ǵͷ˳
ʻ·ϣŴ⣬Ȼʵȥ仪𣿡
ǡС˵ǽԷ
Ŷǵ˵ͷ֪ΪξЩЦ
仪ǲסˣھ˼סȲҲߡ
֪῵ı
Գ˵ѾʹˣͷЩ
ԷҲһضκáʩƵĸߵԢ仪ҪЩﲻ仪ȽԶ
ס乫Ԣĵڶϣһš
һ֪ұﳭϮƽš
ŵ㲻ϴ󣬱Ͼڹû֪֌
ǳǻǰŵÿ֣ÿһƵϸؿ˺ö飬ֽÿһΪ֌󱧲ƽ۶˸顣
֌ںϵķԷںЩڮ١̰ʷ
ǳںǸ޶۲һˣԼӵ˱޼ɵڮ٣һеΪԼ㲻ܲں
ǿٵۿꡣѧϰ̳̣һϣǿѧ˷ǽİ취ϲ鿴֌ƽϢ
ҵĶ˸飬һֱ춼ˣִ˲˵ؿЩšӡۡ
ȻһҲûô⡣
֌ҲãԹҲա
֌һж߻졣
ֵ֌ΪһУ
֌ϸĿ֮ӡ

Ҳûгôƽ
£û˯һκþ
ÿεϣһۣ볯һꡣ
ҲǼӰ̫ɣ˵ֻÿҹڿһյ㲻СƣصԼ
֪θãԼںȴºġǱŷԵúһЩһЩ
ῴǰǷθԴ볯һȴûôˡΪֻҪҹһθۣǱὫִȰθ˱꣬˷һֱòˡ
ڴϺܺ¿ƣȴÿζҪơǳʶԼ壬῱޿ɱܵչֻŵҧŴԱȴomegaֺÿֿɰֻƯС̡
֪Լʲôʱʼһӡ
Ǵǰϵˡ޶ۡԱų
ģʱΪǵԱеۡʵomegaܺãѿ෴ԽԽÿ㳤úÿˡҲһ㶼޶ۣΪԼaҲΪԼǰһѧֱҵѧԵaɲһ׵顣
ῲϡ
˵ʱϣΪԸԼϲһϵomegaΪԸֻ֪ԭȻ˵omegaжá
ʵ֪ǰĺܴһΧתԼһڵǳǺ˺üСʱҵġʵżʱʵ뷨Ҳעʱ
ϣԼomegaֻ
ѧʷʦɣҲݹռ˳ǰʱ䡣
ǵعЩ뷨ʧˡ



68 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮһŶá
˵һֱֻǰ֌ ῲ֪
ʮδô
볯ô꣬ Ȳ֌һ棿֌ ܺתͷ֌
ʱˣţѵͷһҪ˲ɣֲǷ
ǲǲôǲΪ֌صôð Ȼôΰ һӱȥˣ
ͷ﷭ӿ죬ȴˡ
ǰĳƵƵС
ҲԽڵĳǡڻ
ټķУ ϡ͸˵ǵĹڴߡ
ס۾
ԼǷǷŲ³ǣ ôأ
ǲ
侲뵽 ڳٶ۵ظܵĳʹ
û⣬ܡԡ
ΪԼ֮䣬 ǳһֱԭص ԸԸȥס˶ѡǰȴҲ˻һֱԼ Ŷá˻һֱ ע
ȴûҲߡ
Ѿˣ Ըȥ ȥȥô
á
῵һ֪ʲôζ
ԸһУ òһ˵ζ
ϡһȥǸûаˡ
ƭ꣬˱ˡ

ǳԺסῸŵĹԢ
ῲûвֻʱ˶ңҲ뿪aǡ
ʵǲóȥ֌
Ҳû
ֻʱãԼһ¡
ȥӦƸһѧaʷϵ˶ʿѧֳΪһѧʷʦûרȥѡصѧֻaһͨĹѧ
ͨѧصѧһǺѧвٵƤѧǾҲʵҲΪƵǣЩѧദ΢һЩϵĺ
һ£ǵ𲽲졣
ÿ°඼רһЩ˾֮⣬Ҳûʲôͬ
Щ˾ڣ˵ǽͣʵǼӣǳνˡ
ֻǽ죬ȴһ
һͺա
Ǹ߽ͼǺҡ¡
¶Ĳ
תͷĿ䵽ϣ
ʵܿܡ
֮ǰڶƽһ̱ˡ
ǽֱ壬û
Ҫʡ
ҧҧ׹ӲӲûаô
˳
ӵڲռܴ󣬳СԡҲȫšΰǱ⴦СռУơƵÿ¡
alphaϢر޿ɱܵؽıǻ
جУŵζ
㲻ǲôûתͷǰĳʡ
û˵תͷһֻۣ˵ѡ
س˳ǡ
ǴǰҲûо
Ǳûܵ˰ɡ
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뼤ŭῡ
ȴЦˣ˵öԡ
аâת룬òô㡣
˵ţ˳ǣǸڳǵĶϣ˺ſе־䡣
ôаٷ֮ٵ϶ȣcao٣ǿϧˣ
ɫһӰˡ
ԡԡǿϢٴͨǻԡԡĴԣ塣

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ƺȫΪй|󡣶ܳ϶ôܣֻҪŵ῵Ϣأͻɥʧһǡ
һϡ
ˣһҲû¡
ǳȷʵǽ塣
żڰ壬Լݽԡ
ûпƣˮۡ䡻Ż谵Ĺߣӡϣ
ٷְٵϢء
ǵ͵Ե֣ǸЦǿʳѪĥ
ΪЦϢأҪԼܵ£ÿÿҹԼԼθʲôҪ
Լͷˮ

ȻժԡٵļѾȽϳˣǲųǾһķաʮֳɹҲ֢ܻһ̶ϵ˥ߡĿǺ𣿡
š
ǵ˵ͷ
еһαƽ̨оȻûк¡

ǰŵ֮ǰͨԤģ˶ûз֡
ͻȻȥҽԺҲֻΪﲻǶڵ顣
ǲûиųǽȥҽԺȳǡ
ǵöǳЩؽȥ֪ȥ
յϢʱտһ顣
ڳߵ˸ǽңժԡٵʱסˡ
һʱ֮û͸ϵ⼸˼
룬ֻҵ˵ϡ
ûܱµֱֻӴ˳ȥ

῵ʱǵꡣ
ûһˣ˼ŵıڡ
ڲϣɫϴҽԺ￴ĻҪ԰ס
ݽ˲ʱͻȻǾȻôࡣ
ҽ˳ժԡ١Ƕomega˵мĺ֢
Ժͨҩά֣ҶҲкܴˡ
ڴǰųǡ
ŶãȻˡơýҽԺ
һαһΣա
Լסʲô
ΪĳǲΪԸóǿһһε˺һһνơ

ѹ󣬾ʱˡ
ǰģȻΰһǰڲ졣
ЦΣԼΪϵĲ



69 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮʲô¡
Բ𡭡
˵ֺ ־ú̡ܷ
ǵһθ˵Բ
ȴҲǵһ˵Բ˺
ǵĿû䵽῵ϣ ֻؿǰ
û῵ĵǸ룬 ĵǸԳ˵ֿЦã˵ûˡ
϶ȣһûСԡĹˡڽɫ䵽῵ϣ ˵ Ѿûκô
ÿһ仰ÿһ֣Ǹ῵ϡ
죬 ȴǶסˡ
߳ǣΪ϶ȲҪ ֻΪ
ǰһֱԸϵĴ𰸣 ȴ⼸һһسСʵõκһ䶼һ
ʮ꣬ῴûڵ¡
ϣ κڣ 
ǰ϶ȣȴ϶Ȱٷְٵĳǡ񳯴ժ壬 û϶ȣ ȴǰ
ʱף϶Ȳԭ ԴͰǡ
Ҳپˣ ǡʹر˱۾ǿװ侲˵Ժ ҾҲǰ
ȥ¹֌󡭡Ҳ㡣
˵úܼѣǳԼ࣬ܽ仰˵
ǿն۾ȴûΪ仰йâ
ڻȥصȥô
زȥˡ
ٿΰǽĿ컨ϡ
һѻ𣬰ڵۻѪⶼ˸ɾֻʣһաƤҡ

ῺǵĲΪ֪ԼǳԸˡ
ƽʱ볯ǽӴģиĻʿҽԼҽ
ǵģǻҽóǽרҵơ
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ȴʵڵġ˰죬ϵǴǰְѧУڳǽ̹ѧ֯һЩԸѧҽԺǡ
ǴǰѧУǸͦѧԵʦ˭ϲ˵Ƣáʵϵʦ
ЩѧȰǣ֪ˣֶΣҲԸѧһƬģǳ˵ʳ
ҪסԺһ£۲һѧʱǻѧ죬ʱ˵ҲûκĿ
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ǿԺʱȴǳ¡
죬糣ϲš
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һ֫˲ˡ
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֌
ǶʱǰһڣҲûʶˡ

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ΪɶǿⲻĿôһ߿ʳһϵͳ
ֻ֪Ǽ򵥵ɺϵĻҲʹŷϵͳ˵ϵķɻϵǿϴ˶αǸڵ㱻ǿ޸ˣû£ȴ֌ˡһ֡ɡ˵ۡ
㲻ͷâɣǡۡĻǰôûۣ
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֌𣿡ǰһƬâҧմЩǾ֣ǻֿϧģͦһˡ
Ȼ˵˵ѹҲûС
ӦðɡϵͳҲò׼
أӦ䣡˵ţֲһݮɣ߳Ա޲ڡ
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ΪЩԵﶼ֣̫ˬˣĴȣԼ֮ǰԤļʮĴ͡
֪ɶʱܳϡ

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ɻʧܻ˲٣Ѿɵ߿ͻȻ׹ĿУûܻ
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֪ҹվڴ̨ϣһ̾ҪһԾµģʲôо
ῶ֪ԼȻôµʱ
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סǳǵպͶǣ̵ˮס£Щҵ˳ǵϡ
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ԼҪȥĳԣͻȻ
ȴ´ڻУס
Ƕš
῿ȴû˵
еĿֻȴԺ
Ҫ󳯴ǣȴ֪ǲκİ
ǻЩʧȥˡ
֌ͻȻҲ˳һ˿顣
˫ֽۣŶ޷ͻȻ῵ļһҧ¡
õܴ󣬰ǿطҧѪģԵҧۡ
ΪʲôΪʲôĲ㣿
ῷ·ѾʹľˣĻҲʹ
ֻųǵļûκλرܺҧԼļϡ
ǣԲ𡣡

Ὸǰ˳Ժ
Ϊǵġɱ̫ˣҽԺѾ޷ȷǵİȫ
Ǵ仪κο˺ǵˣ˷ǽҲһʲϡ
Ǿûܷס
Ὸǵķ䰲˼أҲ֪ǲ֪ʲôʱ򣬲˰ˮ
ǰѵ׼ԼĲӡ
̼ʹƿ˷š
ˮĲɣ
ǡ´һ
ûֵ֣øˣȥ
ȴһ߹
㲻ңΪʲôĲ𣿡ͻȻʡ
˵öԡЦЦӦҡ
ӷħס˳ǣ⧲£Ǳץס
ȴûмŽ
ųǵõԼš
ǣӦҡ
ʲôȵĶ˳ǵϡ



70 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮ֡
ˡ
ʱ ǻǿҵĲʵС
Լ˰ꡢֺˣ ô
Լǰ
ƮƮġ
֮һԳ˵ 񶼸һˮĤ
͸ǲˮĤܹЩ˵ģȴʼ޷ʵĴУ ڹۿһӰ
Ϊῴ120 Ȼֹͣ˺һҲЧ
Ҳ´ҽԺʱˣΪӷ
ȻῺΪⳡİ˺ԳƸ῵ĶʦΪ绤 ټڵһʱṩһƵһֽ֤
ǶƵװڳǵķļءԵ˵ʱĳԭǰѵɱŵȴǿдԼšǶƵʾˣ ´ʱ ǵȻļֻһСξ ֱῴˡ
Ǹ֤ ǳǾ񼲲֤
һƺܳˣǷǵûɱˣ о񼲲
ûã Ǿͱͷˡ
ͷŵĵڶ죬῵Ҳȥǹݻˡ
ԱһķĹǻҺСǸһרΰ 档
ûнӣ ῸԼ˸ŶӣȻ˽ӹˡ
῵񣬺֣ ˶ˡЩϳʹȴ˼
ּҵȨˣôּԹӴҵָأ
Ψ࣬ǳǻС῵ĸס
Ǹ׷ˣЦվ˵ǰ棬ɫҲһ˿
һǰּҵľ󲿷ֵȨˣҲˡ
ֻޱϲܺ뿪ˡ
ȴһֱ֮󣬿Щ˱ֳϧˡ
ֻǿţֽĿ䵽ǿĹС

ʵǵ¡ơġ
ʲôҾȻ߲ˣЩץ񣬡ǳbug𣿻˵֮Ҿͻᱻ
ῸԼԼŪʱ򣬳ϲġ
Լһ̾ͻصϵͳռУжǰһ硣
Լš԰ֱӰЩŪĻǲҲٱˣ
֮ǰһֱûǹ飬һʼҢǸ磬ѽҢŪֱȳ˵λЦһ£֮Ҳô
ΰôˡͻ֡㡣
Ȼȴȴһֱһֱûе
һֱ磬ȫûߵļ
ûϵͳ²⡣
Ǿøӳˣѵ⻹Ǹ磿ῶɻ˻û
ЩҲһֱ˰ɣ
֪˻˵ʲô
ҪڵȵȰɡϵͳҲûʲôõ飬ֻܸɰͰ͵˵
Ҳֻˡȹ۲һʵڲоһ¡ɱٲеĻޡ

˳һŲЩϵĺĲҵұ´ĸһʱҲû˶˼
ȻõһʲƲǷʮȴһ㶼ûһСԢ
֮ĵھ졣
ǵСԢ
ʱʮһ㣬׼˯ˡ
ǾúƣΪһûʲôѣҲûҹʱԵм־㤡
ȥˡ
Ͼڳ˵ĹҲ٣йҲûʲôµġ
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ſվһζ벻ˡ
֌
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ǸһЦᣬ΢΢
Сǡ
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ˣֻűȥˡ
˲ۣ֌ĻУס䣬ļ
ҵĶԲԣ
ߣòã
֌ЩЦõĳǵļ򣺡˵ʲôɵ
ỺֵͳڳǵĶϣʲôһ
ûСǡ
һŻˡ

֌ʱ׹ʱɡˡ
ɻǿ󣬵粣Ҳˣϵͳʧغ޷Ƶص䣬ڽ䵽ǧҵʱ֌һɡˡ
һ˵ɻҪ׹ˣҲг˿ͻɡΪ󲿷˸ûܹⷽѵɡʱڷɻϸ͡
֌С
ǵܹѵһʮרҵкܳһʱ䣬ǳԡɡ֮ļ˶
ˣ˷ڶ༫
ýҲǽ͵ġ
ȻֽУԿǡ漣ĵطǼ˵ıýҲҴ

ǿ֪ԼΪʲôһֱ߲ˡ
Ϊ֌û߲ôϵͳѵ֌ҲʲôҪǡɫ֮ǰľҲûʲôϷݰ
ֹûϷݣ涼û¶Ρ
ҪǡɫǸһزȥʲôϵһᱻѵΪῶҵƽôˣ绹ʣǧ˰ٸҪǡɫҲӦ˰
ûϵͳ̵³һ䡣
֌ϣ겨
͵۾
ʱ賿㣬Լ͸Щߣ˳ߵϡ
˽ųǵһռǿĶ
棬š
ǵĺȻЩ



71 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮģʱġ
ܼ¿ʼ Ͳϲ
Ĳϲ Ǳϣ ǳӡ
῾վǰҲһǴûﻹվ˸һ
´Ȼ෴ģ ˫̥ܵܣ ֌
Ǹһģһĵܵܡ
֌ǰѩõĸףѰ˼ҵĸ׶Ҫһءһң У֮Ĵ󲿷ʱ䣬 ֌֌õ飬 õĽ
ְֳ賳ܣɰְԴ̫ġǰְûָ𼸾䣬 غ۾ ۾˳ְֱ˵ȥˡ
ҲֻǸʱ ῲ֪ ԭ֪ڵġܶʱЩΪǲĿ
ϲ֌ ϲһĸȫƫֵܡ֌׽ ÿʱᱻѩֹ
ῼǵĸӦǱȽϺõģʱ Ǳһҵ֮ǣ֌뿪˼ңҲûл
ڹʱְִ绰ʺ֮⣬ͨѶҲһҲޡ
῵գְֻȻ绰˵տ֡
Щ㲻ϺáҲϸи˵Ŀ֮࣬ӵûʸ˵ʲô㲻϶࣬ȴ㹻Ρ
ʱ῿žԼỳԼǲʲôŻĸԼ
˻䣬ͯһЩоʲôۼˡ
߶꣬ʮһû֌
˫̥ʮûҲԸԼһģһòһϳԼĵܵܡڲͬĹȷֿʮһ꣬ĵܻܸܵһģһһҲ
ӻһ㲻ִô
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֌˵Լ⡪ѩ˷ΰʣˣһ档
ȷЩ⡣ļѩһֱǸɵˣû뵽ҲȾϾ֢
ῲȥ
ȥˣǺЦһδһ졢һСʱĸְŮˣ˵ˡʲôˣ
֌ĺںѩȰãһҲûҡ
ֹһ죬ֳҲȰȥ¹һ档
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Щ鿴ƲۣǴһ࣬ԵüΪԶ졣
˫̥֮ҲĴӦѩֳҲݷ˶λרҡǴûӦῺ֌ġ
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ڹŴΪһ£ǶڽִܹߵȽѩ˵¼ֱֲο黹Լϡ
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˵Щԭ㣿˵ǰһ£ðģ
ǣСῡѩţԭԭ裬ûϵֻ˵谮㡣
Ŷԭ꣬ԭ¶ȡáֻҪ˵䰮Ϳȥ῵ıѾ䵭ññû棬һ»ءڿաķС
ǵģ
ѩЩżˣʲôȴῴˣԼԩˣԼİң
㡪£֌𣿡

绰ͷþò
Լӵͬһ꣬ѩ顣¸ΰ뽫֮ΪԼôԭԴѰ῵⡣Լô飬ѵ벻ΪˣԼʵͬһ˻ʲôô
֪ΪҪˣҲû¸֌
῵͵͵Цˡ
գԼŮˣȷѾߵľͷˣûٶرʲôǿп޵˵˾䡪
֮ǰİңʱ̫ˣʮ꣬ô˵䰮İˡ
˭Ҳ㡣
˵꣬Ҷ˵绰
Щ½⡣˵ֻʵѩѾ̸λԹˡѩ˵ȴһֳǵĿߡ

ֳʵֻһĶӣۼ̳Ȩԭֲһҡ
Ǵѩ뿪ʼ῾ͱүӴߣΪ̳
ǰΏ벻ףѩǷȴˡ
Լĵܵͬһ꣬ѩ˵ǸԽܡƿֲ飬ȴô⡣ֻǶԼĵܸܵˡ
Ϊôһϵ˵ͬһ޷ܵġ
ˣ֌Զûн
ʱûȻ֌ںϵһ졣
ңǽԼΪ塢ԡλһУǷԼڵһ



72 Ӱ׷ŹΣʮ壩𴲡
֌棬 ˵ںˣ ûǹ顣֌ȫˣ ںˣǸʲôء
ûô֌һ졣
֮Իһʣ ΪǸӵԼûеĶ
ῴûҪʲô Լȥȡȥ֌֌ӵӵеĶЩῶҪҪģ Ὣ֮ε߬
ֱһ죬ֽȥԼȫ顣

½ң õ˴ഫ
ɱˣ һһϵõ

ԴԺ֌֮Ҳûκϵϵˣ ֪֌󵽵û
һѣ ô
֌ˣҲǷųˡ
ûС

ǾԼ鷳ˡ
øӼ֡
߲ˣ bug Ὸû
ߣǸԭһ Σ ݺͲҰߡֱŪΰ
ʵ̫С
ȣһˣ㿴ῶճɻˣ תͷ軹֌ϻôаˣɴ˿ɼһ̫ˡ
Σɱ㲻λ͵ñˣǵʱ߲ˡ
Ǿͼϰ취
Ȼ֌ʵֲһˡǲһ⡺¶Ķ֌ġԡ֌ʲôԡ񣿶Դ˻˵Ǹ磬Դǰݵûˣ˺ԼΡһʱ󣬸޹
ǳ׵ױһ㷳ˡ
ڿ߲ˣҪ;ɱٷְҪһ
ҪޡӲźˣ
òҪõ󣬺ҲûҪαװˡ
˿֌СomegaѣԽԽѳ޷ˡ

֌Ȩûй
ֶþС
ǺҲЭˣΪһĸ磬ΪԼСomega
ּ̫Ӵˣһ̫̰ͻչѪȿɲһĻǰȨȻ֮ǰǣῲںῡˣٲȨȨ䵽УǱȻŹԼǰȨߵ˫̥ܵܡ˵ʸȨˡ

ڣ¶˵ѡ˵үӴ֧֣ϱݣôλûϾˡּҵİǻΰЩῴǵӦ֡
ȻҲûȫ˦ָῡῶ˵ҲһҪĶ󡣵ϤڴϣǶ԰뿪ġ
֮䣬ʵ֌Ͼ塣
ֵܳʱ䲢֌ѾܶῺ޲ðй񶼽֌ܰԼٵÿĳʱ䶼Լomega
Ȼǲܵġ
֌ɵ˲Żͬ⣬޲ԶҪԼomegaӴ

һյ糿
֌ɣˡСomegaԴһ󣬵ԽԽʱ٣޲˯Ͳ
ʵҲֲ˳ǣԼ뺰ԩһһ˺طǿʲô仯Ͼ͸ԭûʲôֻһֵøⲻһǵġԡϡ
ȫǷ˰ôΣ˸ֲмһ۵
֌ǨҲ˯̫ȻͣҲáھŵӰѳǽȻȥ¥³͡
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֌ͷõֳŴһֻ󳯴ǵıӣomegaúЩЦ˵ˣ첻˵һȥ֤ô
˵ľͷ
ʱ˵ãĥԼ׼ô
߶߲ˣ˭Ҫһһӡ
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֤֤ôйϵô
һ£Ͼڴܾˡ֌˵ţͷǳǵĶ
ǿ˵ӣûʲô
ǸһֻϵЦЩ̵۾ۡ䡻ǹ⡣
ǻǺܷ
˳̱ȥɻ˴ϡ
Ҳȥ
˵
Ϊʲô֌ϵЦ⣬ߵ˳ߡ
ʱҪóǲǷˡ
ΰһˡ
֌Ψһǵ飬ҲΨһڳǵĵط
¸߳ǣôǾ;һ
ǣôǡȴǱĻܡ
ûΪʲôǰŤһߡ
ʵ֪֌Ĺ뵣ǣҲһ㣬ڸԼĲԾ

󳯴ǻûš֌
ֻܳһȥ֤ˡ



73 һǶͣһ
Գ˵Щġ
Ȼʮַŷң ûʲô˳ĵ飬 Ǹ˵ķˡ
ժ壬 Ӱ졣ʮʱ򣬾͸Ǹ˵ݰˡ
ڲϿһĻ֣ ۿǺģ ȴûᡣ
Ѿʮˣǳ۽ϸ⣬Ӣ
ϵó ῡ
һʼǺ֌ģ˱һ˵ʱ򡣵ʱ䳤ˣ ǵֳܷˣ ǸʲôҲ˵壬ֻһָо
ῳֵʱ١һȥ˯ʮ߸Сʱ һֻܳĸСʱ
ĸСʱ Ҳֻܰ֌³ǿһ
Ǹְҵİߣ ȴ֪Լ῵Ĳͬ
֮ ǻǳǡȴȫԼˣһдڣ ˡ֌󡱵ӰС
û뵽һ̣ ֵĲһֱռλ֌󣬶ῡ
ټǶ˵
֮һԼ
ҵߣ ˵һֳͷ
ָʲôϵأ

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ʱѾ˵ۺʱ֮õ޹֮С
˴һѷ£һȡԡֱˬ
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81 һǶͣţ¥Խ
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ĿȻǸǸ̥ҲʵʵóǸһӵʹࡣұѰӸʹ࣬ΪǻѲġ
뵽 Թ ֱǰҪ
Ǳĸʱˣϵͳ
ڴŻˣԣӹӳҲһ¡ϵͳ˵
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ҷ¥巣 Ϊһ˵ µúܿ죬 ʵʩȴԶûô򵥡
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ųǵԽԽ䡢ԽԽ
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ˣͰǵĺӣȻԼųǵΡ
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83 һǶͣʮһˡ
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84 һǶͣʮ
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ԭ¥Խļƻ ĲҪ߸²ɣ һǰģ
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Ҷ룬 һ뵽Щ棬Ǳʲôץס ȫȻ͸ Ҳ亹
һһȥˡʱǣľ䲻ʵ ޶ǧֻֿš
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׼õΪҡأȴʣݻ
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85 һǶͣʮա
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ӵ¹ ҲˣЩֶΣ һһ˻˹仪ῡ
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ٻõúʹǰֺЩǲɢĹŮ̫Ҳˣ䣬 ڹŴŵ룬
˱䣬 ٻһҲû١
ҲǴˣ Щڹ⣬Щǰǰ飬 Ҳ¥巺¥Խͼ˸롣
ͻȻЩ㱡뵽Լϱӣ ҲôЩһֱֻвֹŮ䵽ˣ˹ Ǵ󲿷˻ٻ Ҳһˡ
빬ĵ꣬ͻȻزˡʱ򳯴ǻʵʹһ  ġûô򵥡
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὿һˣЩûȴʲôûˡ




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ǲ벻ͨҲ֪飬Ѿܹܵˡ



88 һǶͣʮȡ
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û¥Խ֪ⶾδ¡ʱ͸¥Խ¥Խһٰĥ⡺ҩԼҵ⡺ҩǳǾ͵þˡɲԸ⿴顣
ֻ֪Ҫ¥Խһ֪жˣ¶¥Խ¥ԽŹ
ΣѾλ˳ұ¥ԽֻﹶӲдǻһʲô
Щ˽ᣬٻһ
ػһеغη屻ݺݽ£ҲóһЩ롣
ǰ¥Խ¥Խηߵ˳ǰ
ѥײ̤ڱϵʹͣסˡ
̧ͷ˶ɰɫ˸׼˿ҲļµòС
˵ʲôͼǰͻȻһץסĲӣ޳ָĸצһþˣҲѲҪôѪ⡣
⡺ҩģ
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ſ˵ȴΪӱסʲô˵
¥Խ״͵طſ֣ˤ˵ϡ
ſǾҵĿԣڵǱ״иӺӿ
ɤ˻Ƶ˵ѽ⡺ҩ˱ôѹ˽⡺ҩҲûã
⡺ҩģ
˶Գ˵Ļţֻظһ仰
˿̿ʮ㲡Ѫ˿ҲһƬóδۡ㲷ֺܼĺˣʬɽѪѪֱ֮ĳʱ
ʵҲû
˵ģ֪º⡺ҩûˣǺα⡺ҩ
͵͵ЦӦǱ¥Խ˿Цͬƿڴһ˻
ں繬Ҵµǿľͷм䱻ˡ˵
¥Խתͷһȥҹ
ǣ
Ѹٵ뿪ˣ¥Խתͷ˳
˿û˼κ볯޹ص飬ȴԳ֮ǡ
ɫȻ֪Լɱġ
ɱҰɡЦ˵ҲϳǸˣĲԩ
ôס¥Խ䳹˹ǡ



93 һǶͣʮһ
ԣ Щ㶣 ƺ¥Խסˡ
¥ԽȴͻȻ֣ °ϴһж°͡
ԭڲ˶ҩոձ׼ҧǶҩȴ˲䱻¥Խ֣ ж°͡
°ͱж ˵ֻܷһЩڡû뵽⼿Ȼ¥Խ׵ʶˣĪĿֻź;ͬ㸽ĺ󱳣 ֻܡؽţ۽ǲϻˮ
¥Խû ǶԵ˵Σ ˺úдˡ
ڳ͢ȴ¥Խڵǻǰе˽ Ǹù⡢ϲ̨ĵط ҲǱȵµĵط
Ͷôϵˣ ʿ ջᱻʵʵ˿졣
ö˳Ľ֣¥ԽԸൢʱ䡣תֱ뿪Ρĸȴ ѳѺ밵Ρ
ǽ⡺ҩ䷽ܿͱҵˣ ¥Խȥ̫ҽݡ
̫ҽݵ̫ҽѾͷӬһоˡϾεļĲ࣬Ҳ̫ҽӹżҳĻҲҲˡֻܸǼλ ϳǴʱıֳĲ֢ҳⷨα͹ܣǼûʲôչ
⡺ҩ䷽Ǹṩͷ̫ҽо˼գ⡺ҩȷѾˡܸݽ⡺ҩһ֡ҩ֡ҩܽ⿪ΣӳжߵҪж߶ݵشӻ˯
֪Ϣ¥Խ鲢ûɰ֡ǱϾѹܱһֱ˯ĺã⡺ҩһʱȥٻ
¥Խšҩѣιȥ
ˡҩ󣬳ǵɫʼԼĪһޡë¡ʱǳƱʹҪˣ¥Խһϲ
Ѿʮûˡ
ʱʵϵͳռﲻֺŵСϷ
ǵСϷ봽̶Ҳһ㶼ϷҪ١˯⼸ͻȻԡϵСϷǸǮִŵһ㶼ûģô֪˶Ǯϵͳۡ
ȻǮҲ̫˷˰ɣ
𾢣ȴͻȻоʲôüͷϷ
ϵͳȴĪһ˵¥Խιҩˣáˡ
аɡǡࡻˡࡻüģ׼ȥӪҵ
ˣôճϵͳʳõ⣬˶Ȼˡ¥Խ͸ˣ
϶İǰԼϷõתͷϵͳ˸üҡˡ֪ˡ
˵꣬Ҳûٸϵͳϻʶ뿪ϵͳռ䡣
¥Խ㿴ǻ۾ƺЩãȻĿ⿴¥Խһ˲ǰͻȻһ¥ԽԵؿеϲúͰ⡣
¥Խסˡ
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죬߽޹ƿʱģһ˫
ڴ֮ǰδһ档еӡֻڻʳЩš˵ξžޣ˵οɣ˵˭˷İ˵̫˻ʱŴսؾ¥ԽֻǸĸݵͼĻӡ
ǳΪʲô
¥Խںܳһʱ䣬ԳǵݶžԶֱҲ޷رԼĸ顣
۾ǻ¥ԽȨ֮¡ٴλصкɫľĮǾġ¥Խ֪Լףûϣܹԭֻӽ󶼻ǺáЩ˺ʹ̶Ĩƽ
ͻȻ衺ԡȻԭΣȴΪȻ֪ĸϢף¥ԽҲ¥ԽѾ׼ܻķӦ
ԹûϵֻҪ˺ԼС
ȴû뵽ȴ
ǿ˿¥Խϵĳչ⣬Щ˼ЦЦҽ˯ôȻ糯Ҳѡ
¥Խ֪ĳǲԾһʱֻŴûпڡ
ȴֱƿӣ´¥Խ״æ
ôҵһ̲סЦ
¥Խȥ·û˵泯ǰ·ϡ
ǺԵķϰΪߴ·߶¥Խ˵˵ձǫiˣС㻹ҪءҴӦ֡ʱҲˣţұȥСȥСè
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¥Խȴһ
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ʱ룬ǳǸԼȡ֡
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ûУʱǵĻҲǳԾ
ôһֱ˵ġ¥Խ
е·ġ¥Խֻ˸ɡ
Ȼ¥Խеģ˽ͺҲû롣
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˵ĵ¥Խͷһˡ
ǳҲû̫⣬˵񲢲һֵþȵ顣
æãŰꡣ¥Խֱţ¥ԽҲΪΣϾһν
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¥Խʱһ
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㻹δѵʱ򣬫iүұȥةǶˡ¥ԽֻӲͷƤ˽͵
ʵĽȫڶġΪһȷڵĳǵУiԳةûеͻȻĵزӾүҲֻ˽ķݶǾûĻӳȥ𸮵ĹصġǼȻǶΪ¡һͬûбֳ⣬ҲֻܼϣڳҲѰġ
תͷƵĵ¥ԽһۣЩ˵
û֣¥Խһֵڰ͵Ҳһġ
аɡǵͷ
ͥԺ¥Խ˼壬졺ɫЩļʱ˷ͷֵ˯ͲУôôͷˣ
¥ԽȻ֪Ϊʲô
ǡҩȻҲĸʱ
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ϻǿſһ˿졺ɫ˵żȥЪŰɡ
šǵͷҲëiˡСеϴ˯ҵǶǰҹҪڡ
¥ԽӦˡ
߽޹´ܿ˯ˡ
¥ԽѺ󣬱Ӵųǡ
硺ˮ˷Ϯ޿ӡ޿ɱܣֱֱýѹ͸
ʱ졺ɫѾȫȻˣ޹еһȣǻ谵ġ
¥ԽָⶼڲȻزš

ΪԼһҹδߣΪеĿֻźͺ¼Ҫѹ塣
ǺֵǣûҲڴ˯ȥˡ
һΡ



94 һǶͣʮ
Ҳ Ǹθ
μԼһ׹صӤĸһڹڵײײسε䶼һ޶ ֱʮ꣬ ʼʵķֲ
ʮ꣬ ҵҪ鱨 зչ˲ԼûʮͲǸĺͯˣԼ Ȼûʵô˳ һЩۣ;ͬ飬 ͬԼ
ʮȥӪ ²ȥͷ
û˳ һжûô˳ֹͬˣ ʮУԼԼĻ֮ʦ ٽޱȵİйϲ۵ĲȷѪĶգ ȴû˽Ƕ֣ ջĻӡơһҹ̡
һУ ûг⣬ ¥ԽԼһģһ
¥Խе¥ԽΪӽǣͬһһվڡ¥ԽߣԹЩ顣
ԼΪʲôΣ ûг⣬һж糣Ρ
ֱеԼΪ£֮Ȣ˳ǡ
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ʵڵһμͶ¥ԽŰĽĳǲͬġ볯ǵһμʱ䵭ġһж  չ¥ԽʲôҲӲԡȲǿҲĮȴû¶ȵġ
¥ԽȻ֣ȴЩĪϲ
Ȼ˾ǲ֪ΪȴԼǿҵ͸ҸСԼͬ֡òԼ󲿷ͬľˣȴ޷ͬʹС
ڿһԼһģһˡ
ġȢ˳ʱʵǺų⿴볯ǵమġǵһʱĿᣬϣһԼռС
ٿĳǶԡԼʱȻ֣ȴŵϲ
ġԼ¥ԽһǶɶ塣ʱԳҲҸĴ㣬񱻳һ㣬̲סȥٻ˵˵ССΪһ¡
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ĳǼʵһʱСһûб乬Ҳûеڹ⣬ûйһҹδĺܵ¥Խȫϲƽسˡ
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ˣһˡȻ˵Щ鱨ǳĽײܹӴġӦһֻǳǵһã̰ͼ޸һˡӡұ¥Խڳǵ±ȥһׯӡ
ʮһĳҲôһƵΡ
ǳأǲҲΣȻôǸµĺȡЫiô
ٻ˵˵ǸΣԳǺͳ˵һΡ

ڶûʵ壬¥Խȴÿڸ
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iܿͳˣӳú񳯴ǣҲ̳˳ѧϵĲŻ¥Խ˸۰ʱúÿһʱÿһ¥Խܿһֺܿ죬һգۣȥ˺üꡣ
ĳǽע⵽¥ԽͷʧߵġëΪĴ󷽡ģĳʵغˣʼֲЩҩʼңʼΪ¥ԽѧաԶûʵеĳôһʼҲֱܱţҩ඼ˣܷŤˣǰҹڵ·ţ¥ԽȰæЩˣõµȥҲһ
ȴЦҲ£ΪЩ£ʵҲԼѰġ
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ȵʱ¥Խ˵ʲôҲóǰˣǲԸͱ¥Խֱӿ˴ϡ
䣬תڳǶ˼ڡ
iܿˡǰһգյһˡûεĳǺˣȥ׼Щʳġ¥Խ糯źȥæ֡
󣬱㱻ȥ¥iʱ¥iװֵѩӣСַŵУ̡̡˵ллĸ
ԭĺӡ
ĺԭɡɰ޹ֺôں
¥ԽǰһĻǿҪ˺ӣ޵Ъ˹ְԼȴ򢣬ǿӲýҩĿС
վŵ¥ԽˡԼ۾ûˮֻһƬı
ȫiʱУһ̥
¥Խţӽ󡢿ųǺ͡Լϡǵĸȴ£ԽԽ
ġԼʮʱλ¥iԼųα˴
գһ˰ʮꡣ¥ԽĻУЦݵ뿪ˡ¥ԽĶͷҲ۾
¥ԽӵбԼ̫Ŀˡĳʱ¥Խģĳǣڵһʱǰģȫȫġ᳹ǵġ
ȴ˽ȻͬĽ֡볯֪మһȴ˵ðٿǧ޶ࡣ
ⲻƽ
Ҳûг¥ҲѡԳҳֻ֡ҪѡԳҳ֣ǣ˳ң¥ԽҲԼ³ҡ
ⲻƽ
⡭Ĳƽ
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˺Ĺǰ¥Խ˻
ˡ
µ֪Լס



95 һǶͣʮ
һ пٻĴǰԱǻ˯ŵĳǡ
ǡҩ ǵ桺ɫѾûô԰ˣ ջ͸Щĺ滺üۣ ƺЩ˵Ρ
Ǻһô
μǸԼ
һη¥Խʲôˡ
ǻܾúܾ֮ǰǴ֮ǰ ΡܲΣΪǸεһжǵÿ£ ǸԤ֪ԡξ ǸѾ顣ǻμǸǡ
еĳǺ͡¥Խһμʱ ġ롰¥Խమ飬 ֮Լĳǣ ԲԵ޹ʡ᳹ǵĳǡ
¥ԽţЩˡˡ
ԭӵõĿʼ
񡭡⾰
Ѫ˿ üѪ
мˮ䵽˳ǵϡ
ǽ˲һ̾۾ˡգ һƬʪ ̧ͷ¥Խְģ һ
ôͻȻˣ̲ס΢ָȥ¥Խ۽ǵˮ ۲ѡ
¥Խ̰ؿǰ꣬ ־ǳξһһ˲һ̡һˮҲҲˡ
ʹóǣ ϻǿЦţҹجΣμҪˡ
ԭһ㶣̲סʧЦˡ
ߵȥЦ¥Խ촽οҪˡﶼǼٵģǷġ
μҪˣʵҪ㣬Զߡ
¥Խ̧ͷ͵ؽӵ뻳С
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أ
֪ЩٴȨġ
һһ䵽˳ǵü䡣
ҸΣ㣿

̫ҽѾҹͣѰεĽⷨ¥Խ;ⲻѰҾͨҽˣǱߵ˶˲١
ǻǽչ΢
ڽһض񻯡
Դӷǡҩÿնѣĸʱҡÿֻ¥Խмĳǵļ䡣ľǣǵļڿٵ
һʱ˵ǫiǲŶʮҡڶȴᵽ˵䵽˶ʮ壬ó˼ˡȳСһ꣬ôʱǵļͣʮʱ
죬˵ҪȥΪеĺȥƽǻ˫̥ʱi꣬˳ǱǶʮꡣ
һļҲһƺڵʱ¥Խڳǵ۽ǷЩϸơ
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¥Խ䣬͸⡣
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ʱǱ㷢ˣΪ¥ԽͬһˡǸڳǿǾõģδ˹һһԼǣѪס
ǾЩ¥ԽΣǼʣ˿Ҳ˲ˣǺڣʲôãһ˫ۣͬް˻ȴ·
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¥Խжʱһ⡣
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96 һǶͣʮģ
ôӣ ȫ¾ͨҽҹ£ʵҲǾ֢ʱ̡̫ǵֻ¶ʱ䣬ƽҲǳ顣
ڵʮһʱ Ѿҵʱεİ취
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ڵʮʱ и֮¥Խ
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98 鳲δһ
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ˣ òһ 츳һһƫƫϲ̨档ΪҵĵӣС㱻簮ˣ ˷ںҲ ̾ĳ谮Խݰ衣
ǵ˵ռЩɫ˵ǳһΪժ¥һŮӴ˵Բô츳û˵ ˽˭֪ͷС ǵӣ Ȳڣ ҲһĴɣ׼ָ˵

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99 鳲δ
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Ϊʲôţ ԳȻûôϸ壬 ԭҲܲµ**ʮǼʣ Ϊӣ Ҳƽƽ֮ӡ
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綼ŵĽҩδѡˣԳʵǷŶŭֻЩŲϵƺżЩᷳ
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ٽֻż˵һ仰ǽóԳˣͶλǰкøУǸ˳ԸһȥԳ˽
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СŰ裬ʵҲǿиɣɫ
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žǰſڣʺαôżֹʡ
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100 鳲δ
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û뵽һ庢Ӷ֮ġ
ǳʱʮ꣬ǸĺӡʱСӵĽݰ ȴСǰǹɵúܡèԲԲģ ڰؿ
һֻҵֵ˲ϲԼè
ǽݵèܹ黹ǲزסβͣ û죬ǱһЩڳϵ״˳ͻ
Ϊš
Ҳͱȳһ¶࣬ƽʱԸҲƧ һ˴Ӳͽ̾ĵһӣ Ȼ˵ĲϲЩʢڼŵӡ
ʱպײЩ˶䳰ȷСèʱըëЩ˱ȶһ
ţ Ȼ츳ã ƽͥԷչ ﵽ㡣г ΪԴⷢ˲㡣ЩеĶ꣬ ȴǱһˡ
ҲЩˣЩûֹĸ֮ۡǰ 춼ֹ밲 ڿòС
죬˺˴룬 ҲƨߵߵؼʦˡǰЩȥĶˣ˵е˹ؿڣҪͻˣ Զмա
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ҲʱֹԳټ˵һ档
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һº󣬳ǲŻϥǶˣҲһȦǰЩӤʵ°Ҳüġ
Ժ󣬳Ǳ㳹ŷҲֺɫ´ͷβʼٸ߷ֹСȴ·ǳԲǴһ㣬˼ֿߡ
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ȻǶ䵭ֹ׽ÿѧʲôҪƨƨߵֹ˵СԴʦһ¡ֹ
˵Լǳʲôһ綼Ҫˣ˷Ѹ顣
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ֻеǽһʱŻֳõģС˵Щ
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С۾һ˲죬û˵ʲô
ʱúܿ죬ǽҲܿ졣ţҲ࣬Ѿ˲㵽˽ڡ
ʵǿ£ٺһЩȵ̾ԼҪڡ
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ճΪͽЩһֱΪһôǵһҪˣȴЩ
˵Լʲô˼
ֻǵͻƽ𵤺׼õĻԪȴûнӦɷ̸
ûɷԪʹ࣬ҡٶҲή´롣
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ԼȥԶȥ䵭
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˵ףǶΪŶ⳯һЩԪӤǳһЩʲô𣿡ԳЦеʡ
ֹɫÿǱͽܣʷġ
ˣԸҩŶô죿ԳټЦţɫȴ
ᡣֹ䵭˵ֿԳ٣Ŀ棬Գ٣û´Ρ
˵գ˳ǵĽ磬ԭɢ
Գٻͷ۳ǵᣬֽ͸һƳγεĵƹ⡣
Сʮˣȥ˶˵ǽ𵤴ܣȴºڡÿҹһյƲ˯š
ãҹɫУ˭Ҳ
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101 鳲δģ
ǺͲԳԽ
죬 ԳټСصػصڣó˼顣
һ̽Щʲô ʱЩЦá
СȻڿͼ
Ҳǣ ʮˡǷˣӶмˣСһֱͷ|ⷽ滹ֽࡣ
΢üЩ飬 ȫȻûëͷСӸսӴЩʱ˷ܣ ǰ⼸ͼʲôһо
ȻʵЩԳ˵ɱȹĶˣ
ʧ Ƶ˿СͼӲ𣿡Ƕϵͳ꿽ʡ
㻹ô ӰʯGɶV𣿡ϵͳۣ еĿͲˡ
ӰʯСӰǰһ ⲻͳǸţûǸ̻

ϵͳһ˭ ôҲǹŴҪĺô
ûУ˼Ƭ̣ ħҲû𣿡
ϵͳˣҲ֪ ȥʡ
Ҳ˵˵Ҫʱҵ軹Ҫ
㻹ǵͺáϵͳĵ˵
ҪУ ϶Ҳһ㡣ͳء˵
ϵͳ󾪣ҸЩҾ͸ˣ
ЦЦǴ ôʲô
ζԻطЩĵĴͼ
֮ǰͳ͵͵ȥһͼĶţ
ЩͼЩͷˣʼòط
ҵˡ
һϲȴɫװ֪ط
˼ҳڿϵݣԲһ˫èۣ˫ձ  졣
˸Ҳ
̲סһ䣬
ڿʲôأġ
һϤͻȻ
ָ**ʱͻȻ˵Ǹ˶ᱻŵòᡣ
ԳٵǺϤˣھĿհ׺ܿͷӦ֮ǲԳ١
½⣬ôǰڻԪС
ԡǰ֧֧תͷԳ٣ͬʱЩͼ󣬡ûʲôµһȷ
ʲôȷ㿴Գٻ䣬һɢ
æͷͼԳѾվһ顣
ͼҲû˿⣬ȡЦǣͿˣҲδɵСôš
Ƕⱬ죬Գٶַڳϣ˵ǲð
ȵȡԳͻȻַʲôְѳǰһ
ⱾǸոճǿǱͼᣬԭ͵͵û뵽Ǳǰˡ
⻹һͼԳüСǣԻͦ㷺
ǵѾȥˡ
ǡӦʦֲСĻȥġ֧֧˵
ЩƽһϵʦָġʦϲһλŮӣÿ̸ٲЩ绨ѩ¡̸˵Ȼÿ̸Ƕһ±ơö֮ʦֱ֪˳ⷽǸȫȫСף̲סרŶ˼͸ǡ
ڵŹȽɭϣȻ޶˽¿ЩȴǽƷġϾַһ˭ͷޣȻھ뷲ҲԶȥһҲ鷳öֲ֮ҵķչˡȻһ㶼Ǹ廧Ҫǳ壬һˣǳͷɾͲˡ
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Ҳ֮ˣֲãŮʲôӰ죿Գü
⡢ôǽͰͣȴһ˿ɫ
Գٲ֪ΪֲõԤС

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Գڳʱ䷴ȴǶʱ仹࣬ʱûȥˣǻԪһ
ǻԪȷϹŴ׹ԳٵĻѾʵ࣬ڻԪдҲ
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ԳٵɫҲԭ|ɫ͵رú
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102 鳲δ壩
ԴһտЩͼ ǱʱЩʦйصĴΡ
ǳٶۣҲǺԵʡ
ô˵ԼʦΥס治֮£ Щ²˵ ܵúܡ˺ü ̲ס˲Գ١
ǰʮֿǰ̸మϰΪ֡ҲǰֻһĻ꣬ ˸Լ˵˵Ҳûˣǡһٺʲѡ
ôصġԳ
ɸոճѾԼ˵Լ Ҹʵʱ¸߲Գ١˭֪ʱѾԳˣ ֧֧˵ǰ ǰ˵ ˺మģ ǡ
ţԳüϲˣ
ŵ٩Ц⣬ȴѹŷ籩
ǽӲص˵ͷҡҺ񡭡
ϲʦˡ
仰˵꣬ һΪѵ飬 һ
Ȼǰȴٳûиػ
ǳǴ˿̧ͷܼΪ͵ǰ ˿̵ıжɲ
ڵϢ˺þã õǶЩˣ ѵʦͽ治ôǰͨ͸֮ˣҲ޷ܣ
ʱ ԳٲŽԼŤɫǿָ˵̾ȤֹŰˣϲʲô
ԭǰ˵ʦֲˣʦŲġ
Сš
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㲢ã㲻Ϊƫţŵ𣿡Գټʡ
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Ȼ˵뵽ֹŵƫǾܵòС
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óǼֱɵ͸ˡֹֹƫšֹΪ׼ҩҪȴһ֪ذ˼ӺߣΪ߿ѡ
ôһ˲䣬ԳҪҴһСϾĹˣΣŲֹʲô
Ȼ޷˵İĽ
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Ψһ֪˱ǲԳ٣ҲֻҲԳ˵ʱʱ²Գ٣ô׷ˡѲԳֶµûš
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ֹҲֵ֣øƵСӺ޲ʱʱ̸̿һƵġ
ֹȴദ̫ã޲ڳԪӤ֮ǰҪ档
ٿһۣһֶҡ
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ǶԲԳʮ־׽ҲûԳռȵΪ
ʦҺúܸ˵óľװ裬ҫƵ˵ǰ㿴ʦҵĳԪ衣
Ԫ裬̺ʮ־ְҩʮºͣҲܷáҲ٣ֻӵмƷͨ츣أſɲһΡ˼۸ʮְмУǳҲФ롣
Ķʦȴص˵ʦӡ
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ǲԳٿǳԪɫȴΪӡ
Ԫ裬ҲǸҩҩ
Ƿһ˿Цȴ˿Ц⡣
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ȻֹͽܣҲڵĵӡڵһЩҲҪġ
ǰЩ˸ɱһа޵аó˫֮ȴǵĲɲרץһЩ츳ڵŮȺŭаӦǽ۷ΪɳʮӣΪڣһԪӤڵĳϰΪǻ
ɱĹ̻˳аȻƶˣܹҰ·ӳȲЩɵĵӣ˳ؽа޻С
ǽ𵤺ڣȺΪߵļóɱ֮ҪǳòˣаޡǾͱѡȥа޳յĹ̺˳ֻ;аһļ  󣬳ܾЩ
ⲻһֱ˺üգȵصڣҲûʲôԵӦԼȵˡ
ֻǻڵĵڶգǿƤһӵؿڣؿΪӵȫ
ۣȫǱƵģܵ
̲סڴϷ
ôˣԳٱ⶯ˣæ鿴
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Գæﳯ̽飬Ŀɬ˺ϻơƸսʱǿбƳѾգľĵ֮У޷Ƴˡ
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Գٵܣҹ˽|ϣұΪ֮ˣᱬ
ʮҪĽڵ㣬ٴγϷˡ
Ȼ֪趨ˣǾúܳʲôƲ͸|ҩôΪʲôҪ浶ʵǹŪһԼߣôô֪ߣĻǸɶˣ
ϻװ߳ܵģ޴һ˫ˮèۣô졭
ڵոкһԵĸоԽûٺͲԳ˵ʶҲʼ
ʦʦ𡭡ʶػ
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ĦΪʱ᲻òǿ鴫
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ֻһƻǣʱѾʵ˽|ϡϾֻǻǣûоԪ޷Ƴ֮ҡ
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103 鳲δǾϣ㡭
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ʱ Ƿﴫһ˿ɳƣ±һ ǲΣա
ԡһЩǣ ֪Գٻߣ ʲôΣԡΣա
ֹڳʱ㿴ϣ ﶼ˴룬¶Ƭɫšȴ֣ ŵһ㼡⿴ȥ͡ԡ ˶еɬˡѻڷʪˣճĶͷ޽ǣ ֲЩˮɫǺˮ۽߳ˮ ȴƺɢһɡ㡣
ԣվ桺ɫΪѿĲԳ١
Գٿֹʱ ɫǺȴŴǣ û˵
ȣ͵ط壬 һ šԡɵ۾ ײײֹȥ
ʦҺܡʦ𡭡вסص͡ţ ˫ֹֽ߬䡣
ֹ䷢һ۱㿴Ӧˡҩʲô Ȼģ
ôˣѯԳ١
˺ϻơԳ̧ͷֹʮƽ
һ˿ƵĽӲ
ϻƣֹ΢΢һ㶣 ʵˣ
졣
ֹŴ죬ϻƱĵǿ𣬱ȻóԪˡ
ʱԽܵĳǿɲֹ̫˼أͷֹľ䣬Сһľ䰤䡺š
ֹҲԽİ¸̾ͽеѹڴϣס˫ۣ׵ռ
ǽеһ˿ޱȡ
ٸйǣ
ô㲻ԸǡˣԳʵϷȴ·һ˿㽫ҲУպصСӡģô
Գ˵ˣҲǷڵӣƽ볯ߵúܽ
ⷽ治ôϣ˿ɲϹӣСӶԳǵ˼Ѳ¡
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ֹеİɫһ
ôܣ
ֻסǣֱ۸ųǵ䣬ûͷʲԳ٣㻹ʲô
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ԳѪ˿·ܵγѪ
Ҳֻ뿪һɢʧڡ
µֹ֮һӣһ磬𳯴ǵ򢣬ȥ

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ڽվһҹĲԳܵסˣȴסֻҪԶڵ춯޵ޱعĶСϰʹȻյƸṩ˿ⳡޡɫ|ֽҡҷŵӰӣݵͬһֻȻĵ߬У˰ڲ
ЩסֻҪԳٲ룬㲻ῴÿһۡÿһ䣬ǱʳŰšš
ڳҲֹһʱ鲻ԸһǱơɽòһΣŪֱǻµΪǿߣֱ޾ǳʹҹҲܲˣò˼ֱ˻ֹһ㶼û֣ǾԼѾһƬˡ
Ҳ˲Լˣ̱ڴԼǽʿȻҪɷˡ
һعڲԳٵļͷڵĶҲͣЪˡ
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Ѿ˯ˣŨܾĽϻ飬׺棬䲻䣬ɰֿ
ֹԳһֱųǿʶؽʵıøӽˣ̧ۿԳ٣ˣ
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Ȼҵòƾʲô˵õ
׵׻ٵˡ
Ȼֹ˵ټ˰ǣȴЦ⡣
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104 鳲δߣʦԽ
Ȼֹ˵ټ˰ǣ ȴЦ⡣
ԳЦһԭɢ
ǵδʱѣĵһоۣ Ϊ˯߶Եһѣ ֫ٺʹĸ֪ϴ̼Ŵԣ ʱ۾һᡣȻҲҹեˣʲ
һʹĴ̼ ź֪ԼҹǸʦ𡭡
һӱ һʱҲ˵Լʲô ššҡŵϲ
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ϤѳǴסҡг˻
ʦ𣿣ǾһȻɤƵòˣ ʱҲСÿ
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šֹӦһͷʵ ϻ𣿡
ǺĿİͰ͵˵ Се㡣
˽޳ָ˳ǵĶ䣬һº͵ӿ˳ǵУ ЩۺͲʶʱ˴롣
ллʦ𡣳СֱŤ˵ Ǹʦ ҹҹ
֧֧죬ػ˵
˺ϻƣ ˽ϣ ᱬ¼ȨʲôȲϡԡҪĪҪи˷΢ ȫȻûгǵͻţƽڳһ޹صʵ£ܳ׽˺ϻơ
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ԸⱻֹԴҹɤӶˣȴϸҩҲô

ֹͲԳεĶȻǲ֪
һһ
ΪǺϻƵԵʣԼĪҪֹ׽ΪϻƷ̫޳ֹÿճ볯ǵԺӸ˲ҲûգǱֹĶз塣
ڶʦϦദǳǴǰζ顣ֻǷֲģʱֹԽ׽ֹҲǰǰ䵭ʱ򳯴̰Щ룬ܾԼʦһԵһ㡣
ֹ̾ɱȡ֮̾Ǻ۷ʵֹȴѴ۷壬벽֮ңĴ˫ޣֹƣǳǻõĺôǺܴġ˰¶࣬Ǳӳ𵤺ڣҪ˽𵤺ڵƿ
Ϊչô죬ǺܸˡҲ̲סϢֹڴԼʦǰǰ佱
Ȼʦȴ֪ΪΣǵûп佱ɫЩѿ
֮࣬Ҳ֣ΪʲôΪչÿˣʦ𷴶ˡ
ѵΪʦ𲢲ϲ˫Ľݾô
Ƕ΢졣
нչ̫죬ȡȰΪһţ͸ķľԪӤҲǿ¥󡣡ֹ˵
ŶƵӦ
ʦԽ׽Ҳǰǰ㴦żҲƢ
ԼΪʵҪȻͻԪӤˡֻǵԼ粻ȣһֱѹƵڡ
ôֱŤˡֹЦءˡǵͷǺˡֻԪӤϾ֮ǰЩ磬ΪȣǻΪʦҲϣЩ
ǰèֻСèһ°ͽ˵˳ë
ʦǰЩȥؾ֪᲻ҲҪԪӤˡͻȻ˵
ԭڳɫĵӶȥؾкϻƣһҲ뿪ֹֻε
˵仰ԭ⣬ֻǳŤʱ˼ϣʦܶЩ
˵ģ⡣˵仰ֹԭȴ˲佩סˡ
ȷȥַǰҪͻƽˡؾǸ˵ҪؾԽŵˣԽпܻ
˵ֱͻԪӤܡԡȷܴ



105 鳲ˣ㣬ʦ
ܳѹƣ ҲͻԪӤˡ
ͻƵ׶ֹͲԳ־ǿ˵һ֪ġ
һġҩɡûԪӤǰ꣬ ޷ƽеȱݡ̾ 㾿ôģԳվ̾ǰ ʵ
δϵ֮죬ǻݻδ׼ã ĴѰֹɫĮ˵
û׼ã ǲҡԳü ̾Ҫôˣ СͽܡҪô͵ϾͶϣ ʲôʲôαӣԵô
ȻҪˣ ̹Щӵͷɡ
ǱԼ£ ֲ๡ֹ̧ͷԳٵкž棬 Ȼ֪Լʲô
Գٿɲ¹šԡ 㲻һ˵¡
ݣ ҺáԳ˵ţӸֹһУ ״ֹһڣ Լ

һ󣬸оƿԽɶˣ Щϲ߸˵ػʦĶ
ʦ𣡡Զ㻽һ
Ž󣬱ֹվţͷ΢΢£ڿϵʲôϲûжı顣
ǽŵ죬תųǣˣ
㲻϶ôǵ
ţǵͷӦ
㽫ҪͻԪӤΪԲΪʦѰ˻ݡֹ˵
졺ҩҪġҩģʵԱжкôҪҲıǻݣһڿҪͻԪӤʱã޳ԲԪӤľ١
ſ壬ԭոʦڿϵһ֧С
ʦĻǻݡ
ݵ󣬿ȵһƷҼƷȴѰҲѵһû뵽ʦȻΪͻԪӤ׼
ǶʱϲʤΪݣΪʦĺá
ȥɣΪʦΪ㻤ֹ˵
ǷڵʥءǷƷĽ㴦ҲŨĵطѰӽȥҪʯֻϡİˡŲСڵλԽߣԽܽĺģӦģɵʯҲҪࡣΨҪʯҿȥĵˣһֹ
æͷֹȥ
ǵĺģǷ»ݺڵĸٴܵĳˢڵﴦϣӿöƳҫ۵ĽС
𵤿ʼ΢üܵЩ΢ʹ֪ǻڰɱ䡣
Чܽ𵤣ǳԭʲᵤʱıǾת𵤡ᵤʱ١ǼΪģѰ˵ԪӤЩ١
ܽ𵤵Ĺ̼Ϊʹ࣬ڻݵġҩԡº̶ܴͣϻʹ̳࣬˽ʱǽ𵤿ʼҲЩѣڲѷȴ͸űǰĽ𵤸ҫ۵Ľâ
գıƤ䣬öԭеľǲ
һϲľת𵤾Ȼɱ˼Ʒ𵤣
Ѿǧδ˵˽ɼƷˡ
һϲ̣ȻǸţ϶
ȲҪʦʱͻȻһ
Ҫͻˣ
ƿ᧿ΣƷһѡ
վΪֹҲһ㶣û뵽ǾȻڴ˿̱ҪӤ
Ǵ˿Ҳ룬Ӥܱǿ򻹵Ȳǵ죬Ǳڴˡ
ԲӤҲ˳ޱȡӤḺ́ȥպǸɱĽٴιѣһ񳯴ǵС˴ˡ
С˾͸ƿǵһĽ𵤱Ƥȿȵ
ԼСԪӤ̬һ
ٵˡ
ڳ˴ƬգԭʵڴʱԵСޱȡƷУϡɫĵ绡ߣΪˡ
ԪӤڵҲƻˣǵƻ󣬱ȥ֮
ȴֹȥ׷󷨣㵲һ󡣡
һ㶣ǡ
٣ٵӱʱƣ㱣סˡ
ֹĻ󲻹ǸӣǵµƷΪġ
ڽԪӤʱľ٣ȻޱȣҲ쳣㳯֮ӣʱҲ˵
ֹ˵ˣҲִ⡣׼١
ǰʮ˵ٶҲΪضһһգǳ̶ѾȫȻԪӤڸеǿȣ󷨸ƿˡ
λڷڵĺģʱȫ¿ű俪˷󷨵󣬽
ԳԶԶ٣ǲƵһСȴ壬ʱΨֹܲĵ
ֹҲĹĿ⾡䵽˳ϡ
󷨺󣬱ºڸԪӤ˵ǼΪɲ
ܿǵȵŵʱȴԵԽ|ٴ룬˺ۣѪģ򴦻¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
ǻһ١
ǵȻ£һ˿赲
ֹ֪ǿ׽١һ׼ǰȴ˵ԲԪӤſ롺ҩǰΪȥʮ˵׽٣Ҫٳ֣
ǲԳ١
ֹһ㶡ȴˣգۼ˳ϡ
һհĹҫֻһؽڡ
ֹͫһæʶ̽ȥ󣬲Žٺһ
ǻš
ǽڵ΢ϵĽڴȥ¶ɫ
ֹæǰۣǽס

Ӥʱ쳣ͦȥҲдԪΪɽ֮˳Ҳϻġҡ
ΨһıǣӤʦҲθˣóЩʧ䡣
ǺָܿΪʦԽԽˡƽʱദ°㡣
ֹ˰£Żˡ
ʱδͻԪӤϵϢԲʱͻƵơ
뿪ǰֹ˽ƣֹؾбͻԪӤеͻԪӤ֮ǰǡҩȻ֮ǰᱬ
ʮ֮ǰûͻԪӤҲ᲻˥һ¶ؾ֮УûġĽҲµ̫ãǿӲѹƾĻǻת˺һֱѹȥв
˵ֹΪ˽ơ
ؾеõˡӽһԾ˽۷壬ʱͻơ
ͻԪӤſһ̱ͻƣֿҪ꣬˭Ҳ˵׼
֪ŻˣǵĪһŲڵһ°룬ʦеĿͳ谮һЩûʧ
ʦŻ죬˵һЩͻƵ׼˺󣬾Ŷֻһ밲֮ǰദ䵭Ǳָ
ʦĴǰͬˣ
δܽ⡣

֮Ѿһ£죬ǵĺϻַˡ
ʦʦм࣬ԳܵشϢˮɫȴһֱֹ
ʦ𡭡ҡҡ
ǿ׺ݵӶУǿ⣬һһ䣬ֿε˵
ֹĶһ١
ƺ˶סˣһ仰ĳ𶯲ᡣ
ڴʦܸһظãҲûеȵ
ɫ
ʱڴлڳǵĴ˼ǡ
Ǳǵô
ȴů࣬ϲá
Ҳ㡭ǻӦ˰ɡ
㣬ʦ

Ҳһ״ֹ̼Եø׺ݣͻԪӤҲڵ˹ȥ
췽ֹĸۡȴһλ֮ˡ
ֹۣ߳ޣָ޴˽ơ
£ֹŶ֮ʵ
ʱһλʦҲǷڽеһλƷʦ
棬ʱǺ̫ãҩŴ룬޷ǵҩˡʦ˵
㽻ȥˣα뱾˵ֹüʵ
Ǻϡ٣ڷ˵£ԸȥѰɣգҵ
ֻ˳ѯһ¡ͻڼǳǵĵʲôʱȡ£ʦʵ
ⵤҩ˵ҲѶҲܴ󡣺οʱҩѾ죬ֹȴٳٲԸȡ£Ҳ̲סѯʡ
Ҳ˵˳ǽֹϵܣ⼸¶סĸۡСǳǸ᲻ˣţһҲ׼
²ŽӤգʱȡǲ١ֹü
ʦһʱҲⲻֹ̬ȣҲڿɣֻˡ
˭Ҳû֣ԭڻ˯Унֵĳǣһ˲ҧ˺촽



106 鳲δţûʲô
̹ǵĺ˪ƺԶסˣ ںóʱУǶ޷˼
ʲôȡǡ
ҪӤˣΪʲôҪȡҵĵǣ
ۣ ֮ǰڰ|е˿ȴա̶

飬 Ҫ飬 ѡ
˵ǺסŽӤȴҪȡǵĵǣ˵Ҳʲô˶ٻ߱ʲôȱݡôΪʲôһҪأǱ϶ҲҪ⡺ԡ
Ǻ֪ǻ壬 걻ʱǧ ˭Ҳû뵽Ǳ˵֮ӡ˵ʱʱҲδܻ䣬 ҵ˼ڳǻ󣬳ǵүү ҶҪܣ ⴫
µȷǺסģǶʦǰˣ ʦ֪ǻ壬Ҳ֡
ôĵǣ أ
ڵĲ˺üΣһƳĹżУ ҵ˴𰸡
ĵǣ еȱݡ
е𣿳ǲ֪ô꣬ Ŷչ¶ĶˮˮȻǵϵŽʮ꣬ ҪͻԪӤ ҲίʵڿЩ
ǴǰȻȣҲֻԡˣ һԵϡڡ
⼸ûˡ
ʦǧյĵһӣⱾ򡣵ǹ£ʦֺԤ׵ԼΪͽʦڵģʦȻ⣬ȴǲδʦڣʦȴ˳Ϊͽ
ʱȻȣ̾ҪճΪͽȻҲ˵òУ͸˵СĽ̾Сƨˡ
һжмѭˡ
ʦ𣬱ΪȡĵΪҩΪͽ
ʦҪ
ЩϲãԭֻԼ֯һξ

ֳֹ⼸վɫҲǺܲ԰ס
֮ˣر񳯴ԪӤڣ˷ڱ˵һˣ˵Ǿġѵ֮ǰ٣ʲôô
ֹڻУ̽̽ȴûʲôס
ǣ岻ʣͷ˿̶̼ձȥգ̲סʵ
ҡͷ̧ͷ˵ķƺ͸Щĺۡ
µһҲֲǼ١
ֻϣʱͣʱǹִֿ̰ŵʱ䣬ŻԵø
ŽӤڼֹȴһһգֱٴ˰ʡ
ҪӤˡ
ֹĶϴһŽӤˣ㻹Ҫϵʲôʱ򣿣
ͫһû
ãŵȥΪŻ
˵ţվȥԼҡ
ǱǶ
Ŷʱͼֱֱǰö⼸ղ֪ΪͻȻó
ߵǰ˵ʲôȴǻ̧ͷһȸԾ˫۾նÿ⡣
ʦŽӤˣ
ûеƣˡ
УΨֹȱƿţЩ
վţûбɫͷ
վֹŷ֣ϻŽ
ʦӦûǵѽУʱҵ˵š谵ڣϵı飬ȴƺܿе˸
ҪӤˣȡҵǵģԲԣǿˣӰģɫֻʣĮȻ
зۡ
Ҳ޿ɱ⣬ȷĿġ
ʦ֣Ϊȡ°ɡ
˵ţŽ׵ؾڼϿһߡɼǵѪۣҪ롣
ȷֹеĿģǿˣȴͻȻݺݵؽ߬סˣŴϢޱȡ
ʶǰߣҪֹǡ
ȴ͵˺һҲĶȶѪ
Ҫ
˵
ֹסŲ
ʦҪҵȥŵҳȫ㡣
ΪһϲǰЦһ£Ҷܸá
ǡҲˡ
ǾسǣȻ¡
ѪһأĿɺ졣
ֹ͵س嵽˳ǵǰʮ꣬ѪУֹŷ֣ݵÿ¡
͸ĵǱ߬У滹մȾȵѪ
Ȼع£˫۽§˻С
һ֮
޿ء

һĿļۻƵһ顣
Ŀְѵǳ󣬱ֱ뿪硣
ԳΪ꣬귽к˵ܾģΪֱ뿪磬û¡ĿӦ޸ݵbugòԳپ㣬ҲȽϺϵͳ˵
廹֮ǰǸ𣿡ʡ
ǣǲԳΪܵ塣ϵͳ˵
֮ǰѾ˰ˡͻƺڣԳٳʵ壬Լ塣ʱɢ̫죬Ҳֻ׽Ĳл꣬Ļ岻ȣǿ޷ȥᡢܡ
ԣ˳ϵͳĻʡ
ܵ壬ʵǰġǻһܵϵͳ˵
Щԣеֲ
壬ܵǣǺ֪ؾˡ
ҸողһЩֵһ£ǿȲǲܵġϵͳ˵
ǲԳٻ˵
ǲģһԡϵͳ˵ûеǵĻ˥ߵġ
Ҫ˥߾ͺˡ
Ҳ֪ôףǵÿݼ
ҵĹԶ󣬾ǸֹĶ
ڷڣħ򽻽Ӵ춼챻ħվˡ
Ϊʲôͷ
ûڤҲûֻأֻħһֱɢвʣĻͻƮħĽ紦Ҳ졣ЩħȥȻȥĻǡѾ˿ˡļƷ챻ֹǹˣȫᵽ˷ɽ档
ʲô
ԽŨԽ˾ƷлĴǶǧˡϵͳΪȻ˵
̲ͣסЦˡ
Цʲôϵͳʡ
ûʲôԶ˼ˡ˵
֮ǰЩԶ󣬾ääҲûҪġԡΪˣǣӣУ˸ִˡ磬Ȼֹ֣ҲʵʵҪ
ȻԼȡĵǣҲֹϡ
ȻֹΪ۷Ĵܣ²ԪӤڵĳǣ
Ĭˡ
صĻᣬƫҪˣ֪ڡ
ѵЩ磬ô
ǶļϵС׻ţҲЦúܡ
˲֪е壬Լ֪ܲô
ǻˣȴʦšֹŶ֪
Ĳ֪еȱݣĲ֪ʦΪʲôһŻʦ֣
Щ鳯ǲ˵ֻ֪רЩ˰ˡ



107 鳲δʮ롭
вԳ٣ ͸˼ˡ
ֹڳǰĿǼһ㶼ʣˡǲԳٺ񻹴ͷβһǰ裬һҲû
ǻԪ̵ġģ ǴιŪƽóֹǵʦĶԻģ ҲǲԳ١
壬 ѡˣԳô˵ģϵͳ
ûãҲ߰ɡϵͳ˵ ô˵ȻǸ˵ʱ㴹 ɢ֮ʾĲлꡣʱѼΪĲϡʵʵ Ϊ治ףԼܻѡĻһû ȫ˦ֹˡ
Цˡ
Цˣ ЦĻšϵͳ̲ס˵
ûء˵Ǿ˼

ϵͳܾе㷢ë
ԳֻҵĲл꣬ ûСԡĿܣͻȻʵ
еİɣϾǲȫ Ȼûôķֱ𣬵ǵȷвͬĻײͬе˵ϵͳϣ ˵
˵ ̲סʣΪʲôͻȻ
㲻ã Ŀ裬ܸʲôֹǰһΣǷʡ
Ȼأϵͳˣ ֮ǰ粻ôô
ûáǰ磬 ЩԶǲźڡʵҲûĺݣǱȽϴһ ǰһΣǣٴΣҵǣǾˡĹԶ󣬾ʲôֹǰĺòһΣҪһΡƤ߯񡣡˵
ĹԶе㷳
ǰ磬˵ЩԶ˵ź˼ҲʲԸҲֹʲô֣ź𣬷ô
ҲҪ˷ļʱ䣿
ôϵͳʡ
飬Ƶ˵ξԣ֮Ӿܲ
ϵͳˣûֿܡԡɡ촩ȥɱ֮ӾǸѹˣûк³ģ㻹Ǳðˡ
ҪˡҪôһ뷴ɱңǵʱ£ҲûҪġҪ֮󻹱ҲǷˣһΡҲûʲô𣬷֮ǰļƻҲûá粫һĦС
ᡣϵͳʰ·硣
ʲôأô񣿡Գٴ˳ǺϵͳĶԻ
ǰעŵ˲ԳϣһϷûûʲô
ԳҲǸóԲˡ
ԴӳѺʵԼûô˵ֹŵ顣ǲʣҲ˵
ųĲˣ٣᲻ֹ
Ƕ٣һʱֹ˵һ䣬˵٣Ǳ޷ƽеȱݡôһ䣬ֹûȥȳǡгˣǱɡ
ֹǣסûüȥȡֹȣ۷ôܾȲ£
Ҳδֹһִ١
ƣǸãóֹĿĺͼ
˭Լ𾴰ǰĽʦȻһʼΪȥԼʦõأ
Ҫóǳ׶ֹ
֮ͿԴų뿪
ҪΪȹ塣忴ǿʵǼȶֻżе⻷²ܹӲдŵе壬ȴΪȹ塣ǼʵѾȹˣ֮ǰԪӤڽ塣
ǰûôΪѾͷЩøСŵ˷ڣʶ㹻ǿʵڲԳٺ˵˫Ӯľ档궼ˣҲ⼸ʮꡣ
ǲԳʲôôһ˸Ҫˣǵøб㲻ֵһˡϤ֮ŷִǰŶƫжЦšһֱ޹ֹ̬Ϊ
ֹʲôС׻Գٵ˾ûôҲǻ˼ˣǵСһûƫһ۾ܿ͸
ЩԳԭǶƻ˵ġ
Ȼû뵽µһ³ʲô֪ˣûֹװʲôﴧʲô˼Գ֪ܲȻ֪ȴĵ©һ󶴣̶ˮ󶴲Ϸӿ
ҪȫֹǣҲ
ðȻҪҲ㡣
ǣܸˡ
Ȼк룬ĵһ̣ԳٿŽںϻԽĽۣҲ͵ر߬ˡ
ʱҲµòСĻɢ̫ˣڵһʱȥȡĻǣҲֻȡĲлꡣ
˵Ļɢô졣ꡭԸˡ
ǲԳٵһ֪ʲôڡ
پĻǣȻܹȵԺ
⡺ҩˣϢԳ˵
ǹɵصͷӹǡҩغȡ
ȴЩƣͳӣ㲻ڵǸܵĻеôôܺȡҩ
ϵͳֲۣʲôδ磬ΪǸˣ
ʵǲԳϡϴġȱٵǣڴϸûʲôܳԶҲҪ˯ߡ
Ϊȱ˵ǣȱһġеĸʵЭЩη˯ʲôġûеǣֲʱ䣬ϵĸҲΪʧЧ˵ͻȻʧȥӾζߡЩпܵġ
ͦ˼һΪҪء
ϵͳû˵
ԳúǰĿǰúȣҲ̽Ҵ
֮Ȼ˻Ҵ
ֳָֹмģѺġҩŻϣԲԳ˵ллǰ
ǰԳʧЦ
ǵ͵İкڣڳǰЦƦȫȻһǿģ
Ҳװס˵ģգգèۡ
Ǹýʲô
дˣȴ֪οڡ
ģЦ˲Գ٣ࡻˡࡻͷطʣΪΪʲôʱꡢƴ۵ؾ㣿
ΪΪʲôǰһ˫ۣ㶵ʡ
Ϊ㡣
ųǣһ˿ԥȴҲׯء
Цһ㣬Ҫ˻仰ʵԡ
ɫȴޱȡ
סˡ
ǰ죬˰ļл췢һ
ˣ˵ͬĻ



108 鳲δʮһǡ
ǰ̧ͷԳ٣ ګګز֪˵ʲô
֮ӡ壬ǵϵޱȡ Ҹǽһμ ҶΪܴųҸһ¥ Сܵǧ谮ȰںΪļ廹ʦ Լǿɲ츳еġ
ĳǣ ֹǶʱܵ䣬 ʱЩԱ⣬һֱǽģ ҲӲȱ˵İĽ
ǲԳ˲һ
˵ Գ죬Ҳһꡣ˵Ĺϵô ֻһ겻ʱ䣬ҲԳΪڷгֹ⣬ ϵáҪˡ
ԳɲϹǿߣ ǡ꽻֮ǽ˼Ϊꡣ
ο Գٻġԡһл壬 жѣȻϸ˽ Ҳ֪Ȼס
ܲǰڷУ Щͬ˵ĸ׷УȴܲԳٵĸ׷С
ǰҡǲֵϲ
ֹμʧܵĸ飬 ƺġ
ǸûʲôͷԵġëͷСӰˣǰϹŴܣܿ
֪̽Һѡֻ˵һҵ˼ƺ׷󣿡ԳüЦ⡣
ӱϿǸкøеˣڳǰ
ϹŴܣҲʲôӡƺʲôϣֺʲôжǿɿ
˭֪ˣʵô˼أ
뷨ڳһûаֱ֡
ллǰ֪ģЩ˵Զҡ
û¡Գ١ˡķЦǡʵڲϲңҲ㡣
˵ĺ

ѱƽԭεضһֺĴ
˾Ʒ˷ԭҪֹ֮⣬˴еŨĳ̶ȣҴȾޱȡ
ģ̻һ޴󷨣ɣöɽ޵ľѪ̻
ڰǰں۷˽̾ͻȻͻƵ˶ɽڡȫ¿ϲ̾汾ϵĵһǿߡûиǿ˵ͻ˶ɽڱ˲áڵĵλ޿ɶҡ
ֹʵʾǴ۷壬ħħʣҲħսǴ۷塣ʵʵʵħҲû֪һֱչʾʵֻǶɽڡ
ֹʵ£ҶѾ˶ɽǿߣħƽˣзĲ١
ڴҸ˲ʱ̾ΪȴԽ졣ĴӸΣյؾѰƷȫ档ƽˣ˸ûͬ⣬κ˽ȥ
Ȼ̾Ȩߣ˵ͻ˶ɽڣ͸û˸ҷˡ
ԭΪǼˣ˭֪滹ʹŶɽ޵ʬƺǸв󷨲һξˣǧΣһֻɽ޾ѪֻʮΡ꣬ɽڵͱɱˣѰ
ħѰ˵ǼΪµĵطڿܾ۷սʤɽҲȱȽǣд޳û
ҲסȥɱǶ챻ɱˣҪ嵽ħȥ
죬ڵȻŨڵ˶ϰΪһҪôʮΡ
ڲˡ
ˣҲһЩ󷨻лѰһˡ
Ѱ˭
ǰµĴͽܳͻȻȥ࣬ͻ˶ɽڡ
һ룬Ѱ˭ԷڵһЩ˵Ѳ¡
εĶȴЩͬ
ǵ׵Ĺ󣬲һڼʱ󻺻ɢȥðЩ졺ɫâ
Щ仯ڴ֮˶ܷ֣˵վԵֹ
ֵģΪǣ
ԭĮȻɫ͵һϲ뼤зӿ˫ֶֹס
һٶˣӲҲףҲزˡ
ǽ죬ȴȻôľϲ
һ󷨹ǵҫƿ˲ˣڴ˶Ȼ
ͬʱԶǧĳҲͻȻЩͷѡ
ĵڶ죬ԳܵǡѾУȴͻȻͷ
걻ĸоû˱ȳǸϤˡϾϵͳȥ֪˶ٴˡ
ϵͳļѾʮִˣʹԶǿٻקķʽȻӴֱóͷ۵òС
Ȼǵһʱ俪ʹιܣװһͷѵģ
Ȼ֪ԭʲôҲϣԳ֪
ôˣԳټ״æʵ
ǰͷۡǡ¶ʹޱȵģʲôҡ
Գָ̽˳ǵüģûãüͷͬʱɫҲİ
ֹ
æǻڻУͬʱסʶ
ûųǣֱ˵̾뽫ȥ
ǰǻδǻԳǾ̾ЩԾʵԶֹ۷壬ڻࡣҲΪֻ̾ʵ
ֱʮǰΪǵѰҲʱżȻֹɱһͷ˳ڵޣʱħԳٲŷЩԾ
Ķʮ꣬űͻƵ˷ڡ˺ûãԳٱΪԼ壬չԼ
ϹŵʣҲϹһʡ൱ʣǵҪΪһˣΪҪڴϡʱ֮·ȻܷħҲҲ˻ս
ԳҲǷһˡ
Ǵ׷ǿˣʱѾǴ۷壬һ֮ңȴ֪֮·ͻȻܣ
ħǿߣϣѪ֮·
󣬷֮·ȷˡ
Գŭ£̤ѪУͨ·
ԭǿȴϽʱסˡ
һƬƬĺڰͻ硣
֮ͨ·ͻȻѣΪϽˡ
ϽֻʣһƬޡ
ԳٴЦŷ򣬽Ʋá
ͬʱҲ塣ԳȻô֮ˣѷ֡վЯһ֮ƣ룬ԳֻܽԼ糹׷յССҲǺҵؾ
ֱŵĳ֡ѵһе壬ֱӵʵ˵ƫ
ֻҪʶУ㲻ٽ췣
ʵ꣬Ѿûе;ĩ·ʱķֻǲԳСд˴ˣлɢļеܹΪ̡ʵһ̶ȣЩˡ
һȤļ
ǰ۷޷ٱǿֻܷҲΪϽ޲µ˴۷壬֮ܲϱǿ
Ĵڣô֮ǰʵҲرġ
ֹеǿߡ
ЩͷڲԳһ֮ȫסǵʶֱʱǵק𽥱
ʱͷ麹ɫףؿڲԳٵĻС
ǰո˵̾ҵĻꣿҼѵʵ
ѲٽΪʦ
Գٵͷ
ΪʲôȻȻޱȡ
ϻкܶϣܻ
ٳǵˡ
СΪʲôֹ
Լġԡ
ĵȥţֺˡԳƽ˵
ͻȻֳЦˣڡϾûھţֻҲҪѡ
ǿڲԳٵĻУҲ̲ס˳ǡ
˵೰
ȥţ֮Ҫٻ
ǡԳԥſڣ㡭𣿡
˵仰ܸܵеƺסˡ




109 鳲δʮǡ
Գɫ΢䡣
֪ΪΣ ƺЩˡ
˵ģǸ𰸸Σ
ǿ
ֹ׽ҡ¶˺֮
š
ǰα⡣
˵
ǰ˳ƽ÷䡣
ʮʱ Ϊͽ Ҳֶ֪ˡ ˭֪ʱʮѾǸˡ
ûûε꣬һδС¶˺
Ҿ ʵǸΪȫ꣬ Ϊһϣ ǡΪ˳ҡǻ˵
ǵġôɵ
ƾʲôֹͼġԡԼҪ׸û˵
ֹһҪ Լӵõôڱֹһã ˵˭֪Ҳôһ¡һ㲻ʲô
ҪӣӲ˵ ֹǣңΣ
ҶĽ֣ ԼѡһЩ׶Сġ
Щ𾴺鰮øɾˡǱӦֹ޸顣뵽ˣȴԭƽ Ƿӿ޺
ôܻ
³һ仰 зӿѹĵס
Ѿֹ ǺʱԳٱӦøˡ˵Ϊ˳ҲԼʱ ȴסˡ
ǲ֪
ʵֹ֪ճΪͽĿʲôǵģ һס
һ۰ǣĽΪҵϣ
һơ֮£һԺȽϡ
ǲԳٺ֪ġΪճ˵ Ǿ׵˷ڣҿ϶Ҫ˵ܻһϾǳҵĵӣСܾ谮˭֪ġ
ǳϵǣҾȻʲôû˵ֻڣ̸̸ֹǵʬ׶ûߣ뿪ˡ
ԳȻǾ֣еһŷⱳĽס
֪ʱͬĪ
Ҳ˺ǵĹ֣֪ӵļ徹Ҳʱȴܲζ
ӵһУͷ˭û
ڣ˵Ϊ˳ʱ뵽ⱳ࣬ȴǲϵسȥˡ
ó֪ġ

˵ˣʵǸܺúС
ԳٵһθʱȫϣʴӡϾԭԳͶԵĶ飬֮Գٱּ˸ٳùÿ
Сү˵Ҳտء
˹º󣬳ǱӦ˲Գ١
ͬʱԳյһϢ
ֹ
ٵ꣬һֶûԼ¡
޻ʣ̾ϵĵһǿߣȨȴԶԶڵʡֻһԡþ󲿷˵ĳ羴ûкȫ
ĲԳȴС˵һĻߣƿСʱ֪ԼһС磬궼ԻǶԵʱĵв֣˰С
꣬Է˵һԶʱ䡣׺ɣﶼ˵ˣǶǿ˵Ⲣһɼƿصʱ䡣ЩֱڣҲ˲١
伸˵ʱڵ飬ȴ¡ΪϿԼֻҪԳٵʶһղԼŵġԡ˼롣ΪĴʿȻչ˲С
ĴУʥ˵һһڰչ˼ΪӴĵ
ԳٽһС
񳯴λãʥ˵ĺġ
죬ֹлͼǵקȥȻԳֹˣȴֹҲо˳ķ
ڷɽϷ
ԼķﰵѰ£ҵ˲Գٵͷϡ
ڳ󣬲ûдٲԳŷԺ뿪ġ
Գź󣬰£ĴѰΪԼ壬Щֹ֪ġ
ǲԳٸ˳ǡ⡣
ֻǣ뽫˴

̾ұʣ˴ģ
ʥ˵ĴϣԳٸλŵŴսֹЦʵ
ֹѲǰģ̾¡ǳһɫۣʱīɫ°ԵúضճɢŨŨ
ڰǰնʥ˵Ļɽһ·ɱ
߸ý㡭ħۣԳٲ֪Ǻ̵ͻȻ˿ڡ
Գ˵ֹݣֹɫȴûκα䶯
Ϊ˸е⡣
㣬㲻ֹ̧֪ͷԳ٣䡺ɫ
ԳҲٴա
ֹ㺦ҾȻȴӲҪҪȥ˵飿
ݶֻô̹ǵĺ硣
һ䣬ԳٱȻֹķȥһѽƾճϣֹеĽײ
˰νײڵնʱŵ˼㡣
һ˲󣬲Գ˳ƽ˽ֵľ档
˾ʹ˲
ԳǴеǿߣֹȻʱʵʱħŨüҪݻ١
һʱԿǿԳڴ˿̲ȴռϷ硣
մʣһĨ·᳹صĵӰ֣͵նֹֹὣһǽǴѡ
ʱڳжֹǳ·硣
ֹȴȫһ˿ţЦԳٴ˿Ҳһ˿ϲ
˦еĶѵֻʣĽ޳˰ͻȻһںġɫָҲü
ޡħ
ͼİħѪԳЦһ
ȴаִ⡣
̾ǸޣֹȴǡǴʬɽѪɱ¾ߣδܹκһʦУıħﱾܵɱݾ

צǡ



110 鳲δʮȥ
Գֹ֪̾ʱ ֪һ㡣
ֹ˽ԳҲ֪֮Ҫˡ
Գֹ֪ǿ ڴ۷ҲڶǿߡȻ԰ ǿĶʱҲȫԸ ֪д塣
ֹǿǳˡ
˫ԶƴԵø֡˵צ˿Ѿ״̴˲Գٵĺ󱳡
죬 ԳټһĻ
ħİħצ׵ش͸ĺ󱳣һ̣ ɵ㱻ͳ
ʿӲޱȵף ׵ؾǽˮȡһ㡣
ʱԳټһĻʱʲô飬˿Ѿǲ̫ˡ
 ҲǾֹ̾ʵ ԼеѪȡ
˿̴̣ͬ˺󱳣 һ˲Ҫֻһ׵ͳࡣ
Գ΢΢۾
ôôǿ
ֹǧ꣬ڴʿ˵ ʱ䲻ָһ
Գֹ֪ǿԼ֮ͽ Ȼ֪ʱ䲻ܺǿߡΣ ֹ̫Щ
ԳҲ¾֮ˣ ƴǺʶΪ ׼ǿֹʶ
꣬ ĸ|ûˣܱǡһشֹʶһٺ㲻
ǧһ֮ʱ һ˶Ϥϣ
ס֣
ֹ͵ػͷŴ˰ײײظ
лʱܵǵĴڡ
֪ԳٿܾȻꡣ
Ǵ˿ʱ໹Ǳشһ㣬ĵļͿϲ
ദʱ䲻ʮ꣬δʮꡣ궼û
ǧʱУ̵ÿ˶ݣ˷һ˼ʱȴּӡࡣΪǰٶʲôɫϲֺá¶ݣɱ
ͱЩദϡ棬ȴʵϧؽЩ˼
Щ䶼ǵڳϵĵϸޣǵ꡺ɫͫеӳŵԼ
ҲĶʱޣ̫̰ǽһ룬Ǳ¶ĹУǱǿĳӸʴģ
ЩļԽģԼζ벻ʱֻֿżҪû
໭Լĸۡ׭Уÿȴһ㻤ǡ
ʮˣļжδֹʻꡣ
˿ȴվǰ
һ˲ֹȴ͵³һѪ
ʱɱݵƬʧ
ʶԳٹˣǲɱıܣڱһʶ˿̵ʶҪԳٻˡ
֮£Լ֣󵹷ɡ
˿̣ްɲҲȫȻ¶˳ǵС
۾
ԶԶվʱֹЩԾû뵽˿ģ
֪ħʲô
Ҳֹ֪ģħħӡ
ôᡭ
ֹħ壿
Ǵ˿ҲϾ룬ʧһ˲Ѹܵ˲Գߡ
ִû°ɣšҡؿŲԳǰѪ
ִǲԳٵ֣˳ƺ˲ַָ֮󣬾Ҳû˽йˡ
ֻԴȷϵ󣬳ǻϰ߳ƺǰΪܾýвԳٹݣơ١־ù顣
˲ԳٽԼָԺ˳ƺԳˡ
˵ѾûκΪ뷲죬ʱΪԪӤڵΪҲԶ˽ֵ
ֶֹֻܿ˲Գٵţ㵣̲סӵ˳
Ȼʵϣֹܵ˱ȲԳضˡ
Գٲ˵Ƥˣֹʶȴ˴ȻʱסˣûСԡ֮ǡ
ǿŲԳϵˣ޴룬ö޳ˣԳȴַգЦû¡
䣬һ˲ؿĴ󶴱ˡ
һĻǲΪЦһ
վһʶһʹԳٴʱǣɫȻȥ
ǡ

ֹĴڣæתͷ
ϾֹΣգ˿̲ɴ⡣
еĽ䱸񣬶ֹ˵ȴʶʹɲ򱶡
ǡ
ʶֻһ
˵һżʣʱֻʣĻš
̾棬ʲôǻվ䱸ؿֹȴԱ̬ݵԳٻ
ԣɱģϵͳ߿Ϸ߷롣
ͻȻð˳ǣɫҵ˿Ҫ¶ˡ
û´ôݼʱͻȻɲ
û£㣬ҵǺбϵġϵͳ˵
˵˭˭ǿ㣬ҿ˰ҲûҲûƽϣǽʵ
˵ʵǿǵ⡣ҲͬһεǿߣֻԷ˵ۣܿйؼ
֪ҪûֹͻѲԳͳԳҲʶֹʶֹʶķ֮£ܷɹҲδ֪һӳֹ񣬴˿ʶԳشˡϵͳ˵
һһͳ̸ֹȻ֪
Ҳϵͳ˵Ǵ˿̵̬˵еɱģ޲ھͽԳ˺顣
ųǽ䱸ֹ׻ǵԼĶС
ǣһȥ˵˴еĿġ
ȥǺʲô顣
̾ȱˣ˵ҪʲôЦţǰһԽȴֹϡ
ǳ壬ֻһЩʯͷƴճĶѡѲǻ壬ҪʲôǶûˡ
˵ǵĻҲʲôδ뵽ô



111 鳲δʮģ𼱰
ÿһֶֹѪ졣
ʹ桺ɫף ǴδǱ
ܶԳκεֻ֣θʴ
Щʯ飬 Ҳƴǡ壬  κһ˵嶼ƵĿտüֵαִڳǣ
Ŀǰûκβ ޴ǰЦ˳ӣֻʣź塣
ԳҪΪܵǣ ʧˡ
Գʧޱȣ ǵûйźִԼϵǡ
ֹǴʱҲûеǡʱҲһ㶡
һԼǣ Ҳ˺㣬 Ҳκ˺㡣
ѾͽҲ޸ϵӽ ֻỤһˡ
ǵĵǸţҲų׶Ͼ˹ϵǷŵģ ʹˡ
ӴԺֻгһ䱦 ⡺ԡ һС
ȻһͷεĻ ȴЦ
̫ЦҲ̫ˡ
Ц ޳ܵơ
Σ ҺθɣЦţһҵǣһҵĵǣ һϣѵһҪΪǷأ
ΪʲôҪɱҵ˱̫ЦˣҴδôĻ
£Цݣֹɫúˣƽ䡣
̾Ҫҵˣֻ㰡
һ仰ʱһشأֹ̡
ǡţȴʧȥκԡ
ʱԳٽǣס
ʱһּ̬ܵ
ǣαϻǻȥɡԳٸڳǶϣ˵
ȻҲʹȡֹԡϾֹ˿ʶشѵá
ǳ⣬óȻֻ˳ǡȷ˻ҪҶġ
ǵ̬䵽ֹǰȴ
ոճǶԴԳٵ̬Ⱦ㹻ӣԳٻֹһĻȻʣȴΪ֮ʲô
ֻΪΪԳپ˳Ǻ󣬳иĶ飬Ϊ֮
Ǵ˿̬ȻѵķΧ
ǣ
ĻûȫʳͱԳٴˣ볯ѻ⣬´ڳﱸȻġ
ʱĶȻҲΪֹ֪ͳ֮Ĺϵֹ𣬵»
һֹ۾ˣˡ
ãſ򳯴ǣʣǣģ
ʵԳȲû볯˵ùڽ´飬ǵȻʱԳ١
һͷ֮ûκν͡
ӿļǹ˴ǰʹΣֹֻǰһѪɫ
δ㶯ŭˡ
Ⱥϻܣ˳ĿƤ⣬Ц֮˵áħ򲻾ʱūЩ൱ʳµ֪ԼĸԼһһ棬ҲֻܼĿֵ
ЩȲϴ˿̡
ЩĶ޷
˺˲Գ٣ѳǴȥ
ΪʲôҪԸԸ⣿԰ݵ˽Ϊ£
ǰħħħжǵͼĴڣ󲿷ְħȱǣ޹һ㣬ֻҰ޵ıܺ졺ԡ
һħܵħ֮λΪħۣѾ漣ָֹͬһ
޶ۣǶǽթı㣬ǵвںĶʱеıޡԡӿ
ԳٴʱҫҲ赽˼¡
㹻ض֣˸ոһ⣬Ƕֹ
ʱ򷽲Ŷ˽ֶݻٴУֻʯ
һ˿ֹֹ
ۣ򳯴ǣΪʲô𣡡
ҪȡǵǣѵԳٱ㲻ǻԪǻݣǴδߴ١Ϊʲô֪ࣿжȻвԳ
ѵԳپ⣿
㹻ûУǼ䲻Ͷᷳغ
̾ʲôʱ⸱ģԼΪȣҪˮ𣿣
Ȼ˿̳ǵȴ룺
ŶҵȻ֪Գһﲻ޹ھҴˣϷôȥ
𼱰һһ㣬ֵõԳء
ִҵĻǣΪұĶ飬ֵõɱ֮๣



112 鳲δʮ壩ôϲ
ֹüѪӵһˡ
ʶ һɫ񶶶ʲôбĶҪѶ
۾ѹҡҡ׹ķӡ ɬȻͷ
ã ߡ
̤ ɢ

ԳֹʱͻȻ˵´飬Ѫ Ԥı
Դֹߺ󣬲ԳٱĥӲݣ Ǳ οԳٻ⡣ⱳ׻ڹŴ򣬹Ҳִһ ̸ͽֵװס˻⣬ ֻҪûʲôǽҲȻˡ
֮ԥ ֻΪһθĳɡ
ĥӲһʱ䣬ǴӦˡ
˲Գٱ߸˵׼´ˡʵ¶Ͱˣ һЩ׼඼ˣﱸҲǿúܡ
Ķʥ˵ Ҫٰ´˶˵ҲǴ¡˴ıҲҪġ
оǳǱߡʱҲרȥ 񳯴ʲô֪ ʲô˵ʲô˵ϣԼܵ
Ҳ᲻پһα֮˱ѵĸо
֮󲻻óǹӴң ֻǼ άȥҲá
ǲ£ʥ˵Ҫн´һ±㴫ͬʱҲ˴һǣҳǡ
Ϣ Ȼĸ졣ھ󲿷˵ϢĵһӦǣҳǣǰǰô
˵Ǹˣһһǣ
ɡ󡻹ɡ󡻣ԳҲǽ͡Ҳֻ߸˵˾ˡĸ߲˾֪ġ
ЩͷԵľҲᣬյϢʱܵĳɲᡣ
ȻֹʦͽϵǷڵŵӡʱֹϵʱֻ˵ҪרıչأĴͽܣתһϵ¡ƾŵ츳ʦźҲûܵʲôܿˮѾǺʿĶ˵ܣҲ˷ڵĳϡ
֪ʥ˵ǲԳ١
ԳٻҪ֮Ҳû˺ƤıҪһֱԼԳٵĹϵʮֲġ
ȴ֪ԳҪ볯Ǿн´ˡ
иޱȣЩĻš
糯룬֪Ϊ׼ġҩʱʮꡣ
֪ʱҲúΣֻܻ֮һ˱Ͼ˽ģ롣ѡװʲô֪
ųǶԽӣЩõĵһżʱʱˣƺЩҲĥˡ
е壬Ҫô겻һͬһʱڡѵ岻찲ŵĽ⡺ҩ
ǳڳң츳ߣ֮ӡ˸߸ϡĿˣΪЩ𣿵ЩĺôյȫˣˣҲӱܡ
ʮʱ֪ԼġԡǽڶȡԼʦֵġԡ֮һʵ̫أŸɿοԼҲرԼ˵ˡ
ûϵֻҪװʲô֪ͺˡ
ӤʱʦΪǿŵҩ˶ֲˡԼҲصһ
˳ӤϢѹʯ˵ء
ˣ롣
һųǵĻҲҪΪĵ
־㵵ǣʦȻʦͽϵǷֻʦΪ׼ġҩʦôΪҪԼ
⣬Ҳ޷ıֹľһϵҲδԿ
ȥֹĸۡȥݼȴֻкٵĸʿʱڣƶڱչءһżѰȥչشܲϵʦ𡣲еıչضǳ׸ϢģֻҪأڱչʱǻһЩϵ
û뵽һѰῴһĻ
νıչصĵطȻһҡӦ󷨼ӳ֣¶ȱȺҪѺ֣½һ֫ᱻû
߽ȥһսǴͣסˣΪƺһЩ
Ŀȥ㿴ֹ
ҲϲһۣڴһЩ졺ɫǰʱĵĮ͸߲ʣ۵ȴѹűŰ㣬˿һ۱ļ¡
˿ֹƺڣһϣ
ǲǱǱף
̽ʶؿˣǱŵģȻǳǣ
Ǳײδⶥֻһ硣ֹס˱еꡣ
üĿɣ΢΢ĺȫȻһ˼ʮˣʻúһ
ͫ͵һ
ɵӡʱֹӳǴʲôȻ
ӿɲǣЩֹνıչأڴ˴һʬ塣
ֹֻĴͣһ˲ֿˡһ˼ӣȫκǡ
̧ͷ˹սǴš
ȻûšʶԣԲˡ
ֻѡ
ű⧲֮ºֹߡ
ԭʦ𣬴˿ɫֻʣĮȻо档
ͷһ𣬻šҡ뿪ˡ
һεĴҴһƳһֱӡĵסʦһֱչز֪νıչأҲǸǾʬ塣
ȴҲ뵽Ȼһʮ˳ǵ֡һΪԳٵδ¡
Ůֿǿˣô˿ûжģʮʱ㷢Լϲʦ𣬶һֱĲԳ٣ʵҲһЩġ
ʦŵǳҲͰˣû뵽ԳҲˣ
λģˣԼǲԳٻ𣿡ʦأ
Щ
ȻϢʱӦģֹ
ԭΪԳ˵ٰ´䣬ֻû뵽Ȼģ
ôϲĳǣ񡭡Ҫڱˣ



113 鳲δʮ̾ǡ
ڸϣ ȰϵһҡȰϺֺ޵ߵطԼİ⣬һͻὥؽ֮ΪȻ
ǰֹ һȻ顣
ֹ һܹ ԼԹԼ ⶼûйϵҪιԼҪԼ ԡ
û ǻĲˡϱˡ
ǰģ˵İĽңĺķǿꡣʱʱ̶̿ϲԣ ʱ÷ʤ ͷȴЩϲá
֪ԼҪǣ ȴѡʳԼ
һĻһʮʣҲųǰ֤
Ȼʱȴ֪ҪǲԳٽΪˡ
յͣ һ˿ɫ
˵İ߲ĺɫԭͬڲȼһ㣬 ͸˵졺ɫ
ءʴеںڣ Ѫĺ졣
ֻħ ̳ħצͳͫеĲб塣
 ԳЩľٶ ˽͡
Ԥıġ
һߴԼڽֽóǰ֪ͼǰֹԼ
쳯ǣˣЩֶΣ
Ľ罫ŨؼҪۡħħǡ

ڸУ ⳡھˣѮ
Щ΢ȴǺ˵ʱձֹݻٴʥ˵ڶ̶ڱؽϣȴǰʥֺ롣
ʲ𣬳ŸĲ
˿ΪԳʦǽ´ûλҲһ֮¡˲ԳٳǵĸĸΪá
֮⣬˷Ϊ֤Ÿ˽ġά֯Ǹٲû
˷λǲŻӵŶ롣
ҲˣڱУضŲԳԵǸˡ
˭ҲûаŮ̬˳ǰûκòҲֱֱӳС
Ȼǳǣ
侲룬Գٵȷиǵ
ڻ³ǻҲǲܡܸԼȻҲܸ
ھȡʡֻŵһϵ֮ͻȻһļ¡
ԳٶԳǸȵģֹԳǡȴ֪ġ
ԳҪ볯ǳɻ飬ֹء
Լʦ𲢷ʱԼģǸ߰ǳ׵׵ĮĮһУδа㱯ҲǷÿ¡
ͷɽ޵֮Ǻɷȫֹһѹ
ֹ˳ɻ
ΧһƬֵˣͻȻзǰ·õѪɫ
תͷ뿪ĳ嶯ޡɫ꣬ȴѡͣ
ֵλϵĳǸĸ
ǰǱԼӣվԼǰҾҪʥ˵ĵɻˡ
ĶʵţǸҡǳûαȵšοʥ˵нڷڵĴڡ
֪˵࡭
ס롣
ʵǣҲΪԼ
Ͼ˳ʮ꣬еؽۣ˵ǰ⡺ԡҲΪεڣοֱӶڵǿߡĵһˡһУҴԽҲҪеΡڼǰκ˶ãǸǳ谮ʮӡ
̾ûпǣǵԴЩҵԴҲȳųбҽһǰδеķʢڡ
Ųšڳ˿ǣ
ǵĸĸȻʹҲڡ
񿴵ĳǣǶ֪Ǹ˻ǿֻš
˻ߵǰͣס
Ϊ֤ߣ׼˵Ĵʡ
ȻڣͻȻһ죬ٱͶʱɫ
ʯѵɽʯ£аŵæ֮Ųȥ˵͡
ʶؽͷ̧ԴĶ
һʥ˵ķͬ衣
ǽ嶼룬ʱֻʣԭȵһҡľһš
ǡʲôһ޴ĽӰЯƳն
˶̲סס˺Ǳ𡺵޷˼ϵǿߵǿеֵನȴΪ𾪡
ֲĹƣѾǺɽܹˣ
⣬дڴܣ
Գٵϵûа⣬һԾϴϷٽĨӰ
ԳپȻܵһʵҲԶ
ֹҪȥ򣬺αڴǣ޹
ͬʱǸоһ͵սġ
˲ԳٵĻȴǡԡˡ
ֹ˭ֹ
ǵ֪λֹ̾˭ѵǲԵдˣ
ЩͷҲһܿ죬ҲϾ˼Щˣ˵ƴڵǿڽսЩﶼߣһСľҪ꼰ˡһನ͹ǵźҲˡ
Щǿƿߣʧһ˲ٶȳԭء
Ŀռ䱻˷ˣǶȥһλǿߺ
ԣȴȻ
ֹ׵ģռ㲻˴ųܵ
ʦÿܵ
֪Ӳˣ֪ΪΣȴЩ˸۵Ľ䣬עŰա
ЦǰõˣһǵġҩһΪȥѵǣȴΪಫ
Ҫıನԡ
ܿ죬Ͽճ˲Գ⣬ֳһ˵Ӱ
̾Ŀ˲࣬Ͼ겻¡Ǽ˶ͷˣʱҲۼ˴˴
˲вϳˡ
̾𣿣
ţͬʱҲɡ󡻡
ǲԳΪʲôҪֹѵǽд𣿿ɲԳǿߣ᷸˵ͼĴ
һǱԳٵˣƺģܿչ˷
ֻսನõڵľѡڲ֪ʱһǿĽ𣬽λС
Ȼ˴ʱǿԶ󣬵˽սУƺԳռϷġ
̾ƺˣ
ǿ߽֣¶Ƿֳ±˲䡣
ûãֹԳһҼ磬Ѫ졢ɼǡ
ʶشٲ񣬾͵ڱĽ£Գ˵ţһֱֹĿڡ
ֹͻȻЦ
ĿģԳ١Цţȴ˿Ц⡣
ǱԸ
䣬һ˫ħɲ˺˲ԳնĽӰ
ɲצ˶ˡ
ֱվ󾪵ħ壡
̾ħ壿
˲˼
֪ʶñ㲻ܵй㣬Ҳ֪볯ǳɻ顣ðǣñ¶ݣԳ٣Ŀġ
ֹؽԳٵͼֱ˵˳ͬʱֽĿ˴
ǵͻȻֹϡ
˲˫ɲʱͫ׶ԳѪɫͬʱòҲ˱仯֮ǰ仯ȴĺͬĸо
׽˻ʱǰһ֮̾ӿаâϡ¶ˡ
ǳ׵׵ħģ
ǣԳνĴ飬ҡ¶Ұˡͷβûܹ˳С㣬ԳҲǺκˣ
⻰һﶼЩֵֹġ
˰죬Դô
ֹԲԳʱһһ볯˵ʱǵúܡ
ԳҲɫһ䣬æ򳯴ǣæʲô
ȴҡҡͷ˵ûϵ
ֹ˵ⷬǰϣҲ˲ԳٵĿġ
ûϵҲûڴ
ѹͷʧ䡣
ϴֹԳٽʱ㷢ֹĲԾ˽ҡ¶ĿҲٺò
Գٿ򳯴ģﲻ֪ġ
ʱһ꣬Ҳ޷ͣûʲôý͵ġ
֪ǲֻǡʧѡ
֪ޱȣֹֻܿħǱһٶ꣬ɱ̾ȡ֮ҴĿѵӦã
ⷬͬһף˶ը
ħۣ
ɱ̾ȡ֮
Ϣ̫˲
ôһֱΪһˣʵͱħȡˣ
ֹԳЩںԼΡ򣬱ҲûʲôݣҪҲա
ֻںǡ
ǣĴûϵ֪ǰҲҪǵ𣿡
ǻһ



114 鳲δʮߣѯʡ
һǿҵĲӿϳͷ ƺڤڤʲôھѡŲԳ١
ִֹˮ Լ˺Լˣ Ҳһ㣬 㶼ʿɶֹˡҲ㡣۾˵
˵꣬ پ񡣡ֹ˵
ʱԳٵĹҲԽԽˡ
ǲһƣỳ˵ˡǲԳȴ֪ ֹ˵ԶԶֻơ
׼˽մ䣬 ֹȻ֡ˣ˷ ҪǰҴֹݡԭ˶ȫʢ£ ѷֹ֣ϴʶش αоųɰɱ
˿̣Ҫаյ£ ֹ˵֮ǰѸٻɱ
ֹʱɱˣ ˻ɡҲܱ˵Ҫã Щֹ֮⣬ ûֻ֪࣬Ҫֹˣ һбҲû֪ˡ
˵ʶƺȷֹս˼ˣ ϢֱԳٿһֱ۵£Ҫᴩˡˣ ұҲѪעҪˡ
û˿ʹɫƽ˵Գ٣֪ɱЩǱЩ¶˵Щ
⻰ϷʣͬʱҲԳ˼׽ҡ¶
˵ţͻȻһףе˳ǡ
ǵɵ˳ǰ󣬱㻺ͣע⵽ʵһ顣
Ҳһ顣
ģΪžɡ
ֻһ˲󣬱ϻӲҵļеͻĹϵĹż
ⱾͬʱֹҲˣ㵱ڲҵ飬ҲǴ֪еҪлſɴ
Եκιʵ飬ѱҰ١
˵ԼЩ£Ǻܻ䡣
ԳٵȻ֪֮ʲôˡ
ʱԭʵѿһ᳹ѷ죬㡻¶Ұ㷭ĳ졺ɫһӰڴ˿̿ٳͣ񷣰Яֹն¡
ֹȴûһ㣬һ£䵽С
ǵº㲻ˣˡͷʱͻȻֳһ
տĴģͻȻһŸߴ񣬻Щαȳ衣
ȥڲ˶˲ϳ
ǲ
ʱֵľܻ谵ƺѾϡڲǲŵģ˴ʱҲδһӰ
һͻȻС
ǲԳ١
վڸǰһ˸۵ĵطһ˽ȥ
ǴʱڳǰĹż
󣬲ԳٱʱһϢ뿪ˡ
ӰˣͬʱֹҲĨ޴ĽӰײӰֹ֮վšǲסѪ˫ҲѪģ
ûһ˿ͣ٣˵żǲԳԼģǣΪý飬ûعܽЩһ
Ŵû˵
Ȼǻع㲻϶ôӵֻҪǿʶԪӤǿʩչֻܻһЩʱúܽ顣ֱֹӻݰٶǰ飬ҲҪɽϵΪ
ѧعȻֵعþ
ⶼġ
ʱֹǵʦĶԻڲѰ𰸡
ԳصؽⱾ˵ֹ֪Ĵ㣬Ҳ֪ڲҵʲô
ó֪ࡣ
ִǰ֪£ԤңҲδкβס˵
ΪβֱӸ㣿ֹЦһȴûǿⱾ飬ȻҲ֪ҪԪӤǰΪҩ壬Ч
Σ裬ݡЩ㲻Ƕˣ
ȱһ
ԼǰõЩĵرʱΪʦ۳ÿζֵߵߵҲűЩ÷ֺЦ
ֹҲ˶١
ҲǰԼȫȻεꡣ
δ͹ʲôֻЩʵͼɲޱȵĵر
ÿζ˼ˣè۶ڷ⡣
жʱʧߡʱŲʮ꣬ΪҲڡ仹ΪԶ˯ߵĳ̶ȡֹ֪󣬱ΪѰľִ׼͸š
ȴע⵽ˡҪִŰģЩᷳ뵽ǳľʣЩӣЩ͸ꡣ
յһֻСӡСģȴϲòУ˸ڲϣնš
һγУֻӣʦΪһ˲ͷպֵ÷ҩʱΣֽһ|ɡҩġҩ͸꣬ȫ
ƺǿοסˣҲƽõЩҩʱĸˡӦѹģɲֹǰֻ֣ĨĨ޺۾Լס
뿪һʮ䣬ļҲ֡ÿһ˿ÿһƶֹ룬ҲһĻ
֪겻Ҫľ
ֻĽԼŵĹģֻҲҪһЩĵر֮ġ
Щͷֹһͷȴµ
ȻֹҲ֪ǣŵ֮ʧߣΪĴ㡣֪ԼȥͱҪǡ
ֹǿѹɬڵνҩ壬Ϊ|ҺʡʱҴԪǻԪܾʡ
ͣƬ̣񲢲ԸΪԼ⡣
ҲûдԪķķǲԳٽģ𣿡
ǵ桺ɫѾ԰
Գƭ˵ǼĴڻԪеĲлֱ꣬ЦԪϹŴӵһ顺ԡҪزԳٵȴԶԶġǵͽʦҲ׿㡣һֱĴĵطǵһżΪе壬壬֮һֱĴŵʶСϵ£
һһ䣬ûڳǵĿڡ
ڣǳβԸţҲ޷ӱʵˡ
˵ģģ̧ͷԳ٣ƽȴ˭ǱǿѹµĿǻ
ԳٵУϣ
ϣԳܹϡܹҲһȱķ֤Щ޹ء
ϣʹĲֹǲԳ٣ֹ
µڣǻŲԳ١
ɫְˡǻݣҲǲԳѰģһһδߴȡǡ
һֻڳǰ¼ֹĲּ䡣
ԳѰݣԳֹֹȥȳǣԳپֹ
ÿһƬΣ̴ɲ
˿Ҳľȴû˵ʲô
ʵ˵ˣһ㲻ʲôָÿһ˶رڣԳչֵʵڴϣʲô
Ψгˣúܲζ
ǣԼѡ񡣵ֱ泯ܵһ˺ǻ絶ʡ
ǿһξĳǣȥοŸȴ˸㡣
Գ٣ʲô
ǿӳл䡣
иŵˮҲ޷֧ţˮ۽ǲס¡
ѯʲԳ٣Ѱһ͡

еֹˣ֤׼Ҳ̫ˣһӾܰ˳״
һͻȻϵͳϡ
ϵͳʱƿڴܳϷأ



115 鳲δʮˣȱˡ
ǣ ˵
Գٱʹ˽ֹġԡ˭֪ȻܳŵڡѵһУ˿ȫ˵˳
ڴ֮ǰ ԳʵٶԴǰЩ¸еλ飬 Ϊ˵һעҪڵµܡϣ ⣬ֹֻ֪¡˲ԳҲûֹ
Ȼ񳯴ȴȫ֪ˡ
ԳٴûôֻŹ
ǰʮܳǶĳǣ ʦİ֮˱ѣ һʮ ЩͬţҲѵĮʣµģ ֻԳ١
ڣ ǽȫȻĮɫʱ֪һָܡ
˵ˡ˵
ȲѡٹûʵΣ
 ԽȻɣԽ
ԸˡκһʹǶˣ ο֮ǰҪһһˡ
ƺҲûôʹˡ
Ҳԣ ף ˣ ôܻĴ
ˮʣ꡺ɫͫȴġɫ ӳŲƵĴƽˮ
ĳǣ ֹҲܡ
Գһ
ʹֵõģиԼ
ֹ˿ڳǰȫҡ¶˻ƤĲԳٲǻšҡڵ˼£ µͷ̧·ֹϣ΢΢
ֻҪɱȻǧܹ볯Ǻúý͡
˭ֹܿʱѾǿ֮ĩؿһ˶ĿӣѪȿֺӿɼɭɭ߹ǡ
ԭԻٴβȴȻ췭ظת䡣
ֹʶеĽɫʼ񶶶ٽǿѹ£ǻֱؽȫ¡
˵ֻһ˲䡣
գۼǬת϶ѿһڵѷ죬졺ҡŰŤ
˺ѣ¶Ľ硣
ǿԳϿ͵ըѪ⻯Ϊޣһֻɲִһ̣ϵֹˡ
һжָƽ߳ŷֳĴ⣬Բǧﶼѳƽء

ħʮ磬ħ۾Ԩ硣
ԨȻΪǵħۻˡ
ħ뿪һʮ꣬û֪ħ۾ȥĶˡħ򣬻١һʮѶҲûκ˸淴֮ġ
ΪĸħϢֻ֪ħħһǧǰΣʵӦڶɽҡĵδʲô˽⣬ֻһЩħ۵Ŀ̰ӡб塢Į
ȴ֪һħħӵ
׼ȷ
ħ岢࣬ȫһ֡ſɲּ֣צ㣬۾ѪɫϡɫͷڵǡǳħʱּӲޱȵۼףǰͬʱҲȫȻʧȥǡ
Ǽö壬ǿӶǿǹǺѪеġֹħ֮ǰЩħǿֻҪ¶κһ˿ƣЩĶǱȻǰݺݵ˺ҧ˵Ѫ⣬ɴ
Ψֹͬ
һħûǵİħ̫ˣ˭ܿħħײĴڣڴ֮ǰūİħϡ١
İħһħˡħǿΪҲûԸⱻһֻħﵽͷϣԨİ׹ɽŤĺΪħ³Ƶ֮·ѪɫĲΪᡣ
ƵԺ뽫ʤ
߲ܣûκˣȾһѪ
жɽ۷ħԨѣħֵһֻħȨϲ֮¾Ҫȡԡ
ֹħ˻ֻħע£ֻħ˫֡塻ţ赭дرظֻħ޷ֻؿ毺ŮİħظŪţ࣬󱬣ٽ鵤ԪӤ
ħʬħǰظ򿪣һš·ȳͺյزʳֻʣһɺԺ֡ɫĿݹǣճЩ߲İɫз⡣
Ѫħ壬Ҳĳ泹סˡ
˺Ҳûսħ塣
ħѪǺöǲҪĲҪ֪ħҪ͵òҪֹֻ֪ʱҲ˺Լġԡȥ
ֻħǶɽ۷壬ȴֹп鶹ƵɱˡҪ׶ˣûɽ۷˸붼룬㵽ˡҲħһ˰ˡ
ֹʧһʮֻ꣬ҪûȷˣҲû˸
Σֹˣһࡣ
һݰףܺóԵࡣ
౻ħ֮У篣ζ㣬ޡ
ݵĺϣǱȫȻ޹ƤûҪϼ֡

Գٱֹǿޱȣû
ûѶپһ
ֹҡ¶ݣڵҲʱһǧɡȻҲӲֹ֪ݣ˭ܰٷְȷЩ˸ħûй᣿ħۿڴһʮ꣬ڸħҲ޼ˡ
ŷûģʥ˵
ڼݵʱڣʥ˵ͳȡ˷ڣһ
ԳٹϹطп񡺳ԳٵҲдﵽ˶塣
˵֮һˡ
ⱾǲԳټƻе顣
ȱһˡ




116 鳲δʮţǾ͡
ҷ֣ ˵һǾƱػеڶǿԼææȥԼߴˣĵظϵͳ˵ ҵһζܳɣ ڶΡ
ϵͳģΣ ܹɹɡ
ЩҶ֪˶ٴλˡܲǱ߲|Ц
ǵģ Ҫˡ
ֹһӱ֣ѲԳٲųǻħ Ҳʱ֪ԭֹսֹչֳЩ
ϵͳ ˵ֹʮʱ͸÷ˡϽˣֹûȻǧ޸ ѾɳԽ۷ Ҳ޶ȵġֹ˵ʮ꣬ ޶Ҳˡ
˲ǵ͵ħ壬ɱ׷ ̶ȿܱѰħ廹һЩ㲻ħ壬ǿߣ ⾳粻ôˣ Ҳ޷ܡ
ֹͲϰԼӡ ǽ޿ճһǧһȻ չֳĲǱɽһǡ
ʵͷ ٹǧ꣬ͿпϽˡķչɰɡϵͳԳ˵
ҲƶǶص˵ͷЦ˵ǵǿϧˡŪֹ Ͻͳˡ֪ٹǧ꣬ܲٳˡ
ŪֹĴ㣬ûͣϵͳΪ档
ģʼաɫ
ϵͳв
ô
ǱֹħҲûѰÿװ߻ûǵģŷŷվŷֹ
Ȼڲֹʱ򣬶͵͵ˢ硣
ǰʱʱܸĿ촩һϷԴӱץ¸Щƨ飬Ҳˡֻˢˢ磬ЩСϷ
СϷòˣҲûʲô˼綼ֻܿˢΪˡ
Ȼû죬ħˡ
ΪħҪӭȢħˣħ󡭡Ȼǳǡ
ʵҲֹһС
ֹǻ󣬿óһֱǸЩ䴦̬ȣֹտڰѻЩطͱǶ»ȥˡֹҲ֪ˣö֮Ҳ˵ˡһʱԡ
Ȼô˵ĻǲٵġħɢͳһҲ˵һϾҪصϹʱԳϹԼڡħһƾûϹ߷ǿ߶ħ˵ǹˣħеԴħȡᡣ⼸챻ʵǰ챦òУЩԳ˵治ˢ˼
һֹ볯Ǵ飬ʵûųͬ⣬ֻ𳯴ԳЩ˻飬ϲԣܵǣʹ˵˳
û뵽ǾȻͬ⡣
áᡣڴϣϷȫȻֶֹ֪˵塣
ȻȫԤϣֹҲŸ˺ö죬ĸҲѸˡ
ڻһ㿿ʱ˸֮͡
š

Գˣ˵ʵǱֹݡűҲûʲôϵΪ壬Ҳûٰţ顣
ȳǱ˴ħ͸ζˡ
š
һʼԳٽֱ֪ԳٶԳǵĸ󣬱ԲԳ˼ֽ䱸䱸ҲãԳ˵һƲȨƲ̸Ҳٴ۷ǿߣϦദ꣬Ȼ˭֪ԳٵĿ¡
ò
֤ûʲô¡
û̸仰Գپֱ⣺ֹ֪Ϊʲôôã
⣬ԼĲ֪
ǰֻΪԼʦͶԵ˳ʦǧĵһͽܡҲΪ˳ڶͽܡ
ǵǼ亮мֹʱҲΪˡ
ֹô⳯ǣΪʲôҪĵǸԼ
οʦ˹ϵûһ
λϵˣ̨ס
ʵǰҲ⡣
ߵǰڣⲢѽ⡣
Űţ˶һ˵
ⷽ飬˿ȴԳ١
ûֻأҲǺ㶨Ǿǰ|γɶγɣ|ֻرǿĸ壬пýϡ
Ųһ
Ǳǿо£ġ
˵šΨһӦûһ
һ룬ͨˡŵһμֹʱҲʮ꣬Ҫ˵ֹкԨԴҲŵǰУֹΪлꡪҲã롣ֹҲԳһô裬ʵ˻Ǻٺ١֪θֻȥתѰ
˵ҲֹΪźΨһһˡ
ٻҪˡ
嵹ʺţϧȱݡֹֻصشħ̾Ȼ³ǡ
ʲʲô˼΢ʵ
Ĳ֪Գٵ˼ԳٵҲ¡
ǰԳô׽δһ졣
£Ǻ¡ԳЦ
㱾ֹûйϵǰСԳ˵
ǰŵɴ۾
Ǳǿо£ģȻ϶ȺܸߣȫȻϡ˵㲢ԭˡȴûڳΪš֮ǰκμ䣬⻹˵𣿡Գ˵
ҲɵӣԳ˵Ҳʱ˹
ԡǲԳΪʲôҪһר˵Щ
ԣ벻ָǰļ䣿Գ˵Ŀġ
һ䣬ϰɫתŵ⣬ֹԶڵһϣɲԻָǰһϡ
ƺ˲Գٵ˼ȻתŲԳ٣ϣ
ҪԼӵħȥħ޷ʱ棬ᱻħʴģ
ûֹ˵ָ˼󣬱ȥħ򡣷ģ˻е屾Ӧħħ˫ޣ֤
˵ȴһɵѡ
ħ˫ޣͻֹһİħ壬޷ٻص
Ľ֣ħʴֺõȥ
ҲͬΣ˵
ȴͻȻתºʹЦĿӣ˿ȴúˡ
Ǿ



117 鳲δʮֻûġ
Żָ˼䣬 ȥħ
ǺʿħҲһǿߡΪڵתħħҲûʲôΣա
շתһʱ Ԩ磬 ֹ
ôˡֹһţ ʱü
Ըټţ⵱ڡͬʱҲЩȣ һ޾Ȼܵħ
Ҳܿ뵽йϣֿڵȻתħ ħʱ ħͻ᳹׸Ľ|ڻȥü
һزȥˡ˵ Գһ졣ݲң ׷ɱңʵû·ˣ ħ򡣡
Сӣٰһΰɡ
ֹһֱü ѹŲͣһ仰ʱ ȴɫһ
һǧ߰ǰ
ֻŮϲСħСӡΪСħԱԼĺ۾ Ůȴ˵Сӣ ܿɰ
Ǵ꣬СӣǶ䣡
Ǻ겻ǳӵ𣿡Сħͷ
ǲ㳤ͷͱŮһٴ꡺ࡻ̨
һǧ߰ٶǰģ
Щŵؿţˣ
ұԳ׷ɱ һʶشͦ ˡ˵ţֹɫдο͸ˣð С̡
ûѡԳΪ䣬ֱѻ꣬ھԼ˵ļ䡣ַڲбŵʶһšҡش
֮ǰȥħʵħĶ֪Ҳ֪ȥħܹܲúáֻǵǶûл·ֻܱһϣû뵽Ȼҵˣڡ
Цкᣬһǧֻ߰Ůĸˡ
ԳƶˡֹԶ飬ȴûа취ֻŮȫȻӡ
źͺŮǲһġ˼ŮǲһЩʱֹݡ
ֻŮ¡ԡΪꡣºŮ֮ʣҲֻԺ
ʶشȷпܻѹȥļ䣬
뵽⣬ͻȻʶ̽ŵʶɫ΢΢һ䣺ĻǿоۺϵģʶܵشٲƣлɢΣա
Ҳ΢ǸΣ
Ϊۻˡֹ˵

ǱԽĬֹ״רһЩȽϻõŮߡ
иСħŮԳǸ׽һ쵽ܴյߴߴżҲӦ𼸾䣬ֹ״Ҳּɡ
Сӣ˵ħ˸ࡣǸŮˡ֪Ķİԣܵǰ˵޽ţ֮ǰҲǱյͽܡ
ޱ飬ȴ
ϵͳ˵ˣϷȻҪһ˳ˬ
ǵļƻϵͳҲ֪ÿζǿųһδڷıԵͨء˾ͲϰˣҲ棺Ŷףչ١
˿ˡЦҲûˡ
Сӣôżͱ´ڼһŮ޽˿ô죿СħŮų޶Եı鶼żˡ
´СӣǶϲġݰף۾èһÿħǶӵˣһ۾ϲˡ
ѹֱҪȥôãΪˣҲҪȥһСࡣ
СħŮ˵µĵڶ죬űˡ
ʶشҪƣҲһġϾ漰ʶ涼ȽϾϸֱⲻáҪƣҲҪҡ
ʦ֡Ž˳ǡ
ǴǰͬʦʱҲǡ֮͸һҲûУ˼涼кɫ˵ʦʦˡ
̧ͷǵˣҲû̫ನ
ʲôϲŭ
ߵŮΪŵ˲ˮ
Ǹġ˵
һǰָ˼䣬ҴǰС̵顣СʱһҾʱ㱻ЩҾûطȥұɽ˭֪ҽʱûףֻСһˡ׷š
ͻȻԳ˵ôһλûͷûβԳ˵ӦǺĪġǳԼҲǸˣһ˲Ҳˡ
ûпڣ˵ұ֮ʣС̣㽫ϵ̲ȥħ򡣱Ҳֻϣ룬û뵽ħ˴ܡҵĲл꣬ȥתš
⣬һֱ˰ĿҲЩ㱡
ԭţЦЦ
淢飬Ҳ֪ˡҴǰʵû뵽С̾ȻĵǸҡСֻ˵ʱ˲ӣ߻ħˡȻΣҲ޴ȡ֤ʥ˵Գ˵ЩҲ֪
Щ֪˵ʲôҲС¡ұ͸ˣôǣ˵ġԡǣʵڶԲ㡣
˵ֿУȴȫ޶ݡ
ֻû
ԭ
һʮǰ벻ͨΪʲôʦͽܣʦԶôãȴذŵġҩҪ
ԭŵ֣ʦͽ顣
ǣƾʲô
ƾʲôֹǷŵģҪ
߶߶볯˵໰ʼնûлӦ
֪̾˵ʲôûˡòԳپ㣬ȻĲ֪β㡣
ȺúϢɣ㡣

һ桮ҡҴһ̫࣬ţˣŵıӰ̲סп
ȥֹţϵͳʡ
ûôȥܰô鵱Ȼܵͷһ˵
ɣҲϵͳȫ˼
ٲµʱϵͳţΪʲôֱЩϵͳȥˡϵͳȻ̫飬̶ûģЩ촩ߣûͷûԣ
ֱ˳ǣһδνˡͳ




118 鳲δʮһʦ֣㡭
Žˣ
쵽ʱ ص˳סֹʵ
ǵһһ˸֪ż˳ûú֪Ϣ
Щᷳ Щġ
˵ʲô˿ס ˡ˵ Щŭš
Ѿ֪˵ǵ飬ô ô
û¡̧ͷֹһĲ䲻ȣ ɡ
ֹȻ˳ųǡһҪֹʲô ΪļҲԵø
Ĭһֻܵͷͬ⡣ȴҪ˺úøһš
֪ʲô˵ ʲô˵
ЩϢɡųǵĶͷ ˴齣ŶỺ뿪ˡ
û볯һޡ
۳Ǳֳƽ ҪԼơȥˣȻҲᷳ
Щֹ֪

ҲԼ˵ ڶ˳
˵ǣħУ ħ壬 ֻ壬 ҲĳǱơԲʱ
ǶԴ˲ÿɷ񡣴ʱ䶼һ˵ǲ䲻ȵţ ϷƵġŲ֪Ϊʲô ִ˲ˡ
ʱţԽԽ
ڴǰ죬һħ˵Ҫӡ
Ѫ½ڡ
ħҲ Ǻ졺ɫģһһԲͬħھ󲿷ֵʱжǲ£ʮһ¡
һħҪΪѪµ٣ͬʱᵽϫܹѸħʵ
һ֣źͳǶûʲôϵ˳ǡ
Ѫ½죬춼ڵøЩҪʱ̲źŵʱ졺ɫ㰵ˡ
ʱֹҲˡȴٳû
Ѫ½ڣҪкܶ࣬СӦǵˡ˵
ҲʱҲˣǽѪ½ڣȥҲûʲôˣˡ
ǵͷֹҲûʲôϵĻͼ徲
˵ħѪ½ȻʮһΣԲ֮ҹҲǶϵġҹӦҲһִԲɡ⣬Ϊп˵
ԣɫһҲתͷ⣬Ѫ
˺һͻȻʵߺ󣬳ˣ
ôǵһ⡣
΢΢һ㶣üʦ֣ʲôǳҽӣֺαعǡ
ģΪߡ
ȴסˡ
ʲô˼ţ΢䡣
ķӦźƺܾȣʦ㲻֪ô
Ҹ֪ʲô
䣬һɲˮ֮£ǵָⶼЩ
ŵɫȴЩȻЦԭʦ㲻֪ǾˣʵҲûʲô
˵䣬ҲΪ֡
Ǽֻ֣ڨڨ˵ҲҪͷϡ
ʵǰС˽ס֪СҪĵǡ˵ΪѣΪѾ֪ˣΪ²ԳҲ֪ˡ
ųԽԾɫȥ
ȴֹסؿϲ
ܣԲۿţ۲ţŷŭ
ҼҵҲֻ֣С̸һ뿪ˣҵʱҲ֡ȥȥһ¡ڸ˳ԴһƷ
ܡܡǷħ˰ţ˵ɫն
ã͵վֹģҪȥ
˵ţҲţֱ߳޹Ĵš
Ѫ½ڣҲû̫ˣֻһλߡȥˣҲæȥ
ߵĴһ·ֹ޹ȴûҵˡ
Ѫ½ڣӦһħԳ˵
ĶǿԼԵߡ
Ӧò֪ȥɡħԳ˵
ǵͷ
ʧˡħߵߣסһʧԭء
ֻǰһһطˡ
ʱ£ʲôɽУ֮ܶʯڡǰһԼĪʮɸߵĻֺ޴ľţվǰء
ϵϢǿڶɽϡֻǳû˵ǣȻҲЩ
˿ͻȻˣҲһ㶡Ӧϵôųħ壬üʵ٣ʲôѪ½ڣκ˲ýѵ֪Ǻˣ
᲻֪Ϊٵħ˵ָųǵδħϲ𣿡
ԣ̿򳯴ǡ
ոҲûע⣬˿עһֻٴǸࡣ
ħֻ࣬һһŮҪĶλСԡһ룬˭Զ׼ˡ
֪˭ɫԻ࣬ǻǲǽȥħѪ½ʱ˱£ǲ˽
˵ӾתӡٺɸֵΪʲôҪˣħվǰ˽ȥ
˱ôһ˵󣬶סˣŻȻ
޶ˣħ롣ǶԳ˵
Ⱦ޴Ż򿪣ִһΨһҪ࣬˲ڴʲôգֱ߽š



119 鳲δʮֹ
ڳ󻺻ϣ ھ޴ʯŷص졣
ǻͷᷢŵĹֻܴⲿ򿪣ڲ޷򿪵ġ
ǳǲûлͷ
߽ʯź İ ǲѰơɫ ǳû¶ȵɫϸһ̨ʢŵҲûͣ һ龧Ө͸ľ塣
ˡ
ĻܼȺֻܵͣϡĴͬһ޴ޱȵɽ ĸ߶ƺʯŻҪЩ
ǿһӣ ͻȻЩԡ
ʯڵʯƺһЩͬ鲼пռ䣬 ǵĽ¡
Ǹ󷨡
Ƕûʲô裬 Ͼȥļ£֮ǰҲŲʮ꣬ ȫķŵϺҲû̫ʱ󷨡
ֻܴһ΢ͨ÷У жһ󷨡
վĵطֻһڣǰһСĹ
ֹʲô
һ ߡ
 ʮɱߵͷˡ߳һ˲䣬 ǾԼ񴩹ʲôϡ
֡ȥȻһƽ⻬ǽ塣޷ Ҳ޷ԽͬһֻĽ硣
ķ·ʾſɲޱȵޣ ´ʱбҵ޷˼ǱʶҲһ˿õԤС
ǽţ ϾʹǶȻǳش|ޱȵȳ־޴֮Ļĵͺ𣬵ţӴյʯڼ䲻ϻ졣
͵ػͷĵϡܿһԲεʯߣĵԼĪֵľ޴ıдһؿʯмһӰϡ
˵οȥޱϤʱ˷·˵Ҳ򳯴߿
ֹ̽ʵ
ӦһӺ䷢ĵ˻𣬳Ǽ͵̧ͷеĺͫκʱ̶Ҫɺ졣
Ǵħ廹ǰŵ̸֮ԼɭϵĲΪħѺ޵ĵط޻ֹ
һԼĪɿʯ߳Լ⣬һڡתôǽ磬ǽȴ˿
·з綯ק
˵ȼͻ谵ʱǵǰȫȻذߴӰצͶ䡻ϡ
Ҳ޵Ϣȴ޶˼
һ̣ס˺

һ˲Ǳקֱֱۣת˹ȫ˴˿̵ģ
ֹǰܸߴųߣǼһͷȴǰҪߴֻ֣߳ܿؿڡѾ˵ķΧ
ǰ۾Ǻ졺ɫȴ͸峺죬ȴɺһƬȫȻ˿
ƺҲۼףнһ𣬴ʱֹȥªԵаһжܵ˿̵Σաԡ
ֹ̲ס̲סһ
ԭ侲һЩԽȴ·೹׷źšֻһɴԼĺ󱳣ǼצǴƤ
ҲӵֹĻСצ±ȲҪ
ֹѣ
ǲס˵֣ϣ΢ָһЩǡ
ͽ͵ġ


󲿷ֵİħûǵġΣȴûˡԡֻ֪Ӷɱ¾
ֻмٲֵİħܹӵǣǲѪѪ½ʱ졺ҡӴǻᱻѹŵޡԡһ̶ϽħΪܹӵǵİħ̫ˣ֪Ҳ١
˶ΪħһٶδصħʵʮǰͻһΣǴ
ֹΪħ֮ǰȷǹѺ޵ġֹȴ޶նɱˣӹ̡죬Ρ
Ѫ½ڣκ˲ýΪʧȥǵֹɲÿ
⿪˷ӡ˷سܲס̼
ֹħ˵Ǹһǧ˶оҪҳѹƿ񻯵İ취Ͼµʱ̲ǿһգҲס
ЩӵǵİħϽоֻҪħԼ϶İ£Ѫ½ڱᰲ
۵óȰֹѰһµδֹͣһǧֹûбֳκⷽ˭֪ȥһٶ꣬ȻĹ˸ħ
˻ټұʱԥؽħ֪˳ǵݺҲֱӷС
ʧȥǣħҲ˺Լİ£ڽ|ϣ𵽴ƻɺöˡ
ȴ֪ǵֻǲԳٶģûеǣѰЩûзֺΪķ˻Ҫ
ħİħ֪㡣

Ѫ½ڵҹӵʱһֱ쵽յʱһ̣ʮʱ
ʯڲգҲйսֻҪѪһˣֹͻ𽥻ָǡ
㿴£оϢĳǡ
һ˲ѪҺ֫öֺ¶ȡ
˼˰㽫ԼϵħתΪ򳯴͡

Ǳһʼղ
ֹ߲ݸ˽ȳǵ󣬱㿪ʼ顣
˿ĶǳǵΣǺ˳ǵˣҲܷŹ
ó⣬κ˶Խôνģ˭ģ˭ģ
һ飬ǣһˡ
ٺǰػģȴҲ´죬ýħ
Ϊûڣ޽ħħ޽򣬶⵽ħʴջãʱһᱻʴ
ͬˡ졺ҡ񱩣ʱУͬҲһ
ǶħҲδѡ˷´һ棬㶼ԹԵؽˡ
ԭϾҪеĴҲʹ˸ˡ
յĸͷš

ָǰžòԳָħֹͳǵ뷨ܴ
һʮ꣬ѿʦǶమǣԼǶ顣
ǰֹͶıȳżαҲδʦһۡ
ǵָںŮͰħļǰ޶˼ǿİպš
֪Ů԰ħжãҲ֪ʱİħԺŮж͸ж
ҪлԳ١ָǰħҲһȷͨ·
ȻԼָ˼ԭ˿ֹ̬ȴ䣬ֱӽħС
ֻǵһǳǡ
ݲóǡΪֹϲֹϲˣҪȢΪôɱġ
ΪֹϲԼ
ݵ³ǣһջţһİ
ҳǣѪ½죬ۼؽ˳ϡ
ҵ֪࣬ǡ
˳ǣԼġԭȻ볯˵ΪǳǡΪԼġԡ
ô賯ǣ֪ԼԼл·
һֱųһ㣬ɡ󡻵µ֪ˣҵķӦҲǲ䲻ȡﰵ飬֪ࡣ



120 鳲δʮǡ
ûκ ˶ֻΪֹ˸˹ȴ裬˷֮ѡ
Ѫ壬ʦҲڽҪĵر ʦҪҲΪ̣ ʦҲаɣ ɺ󻹻յ췣һ;ߵЩٻŹ ֮ǰĸ룬Σ ǧҪ˼
ֻû뵽 ԳپȻĸңҾȻĳɹˡ
ǳû ʶ͵͵̽ Ҳûǡ˵ԳٲûȫɹǼ侫ģ ȱһȱޱҪĵǡ˾ͻޱȡ
֪ЩϢҪһ֣ Եúܼˡ
ȳˣֹȻŭУ ŵӰԣ ֹΪҪ
˾ʲôˡ
ٹЩ꣬ ˭ǵóǣ
̴̫ˣϧȴǽڶһĺ˵ĸϡ翵ĹȥС۶аգ վǶͽ
ͽ Ҫһе׼

С̣ôˣ
޹űȻ󿪣һȺħӿ룬 վֹ࣬д󲽿
ԭڵͷ飬ȴ⶯һתֹƺΪҪŪ̡
ֹߵҵľ룬վˣû˵
˫ɺĺͫŮ޹ɰȻʱ˿ȴֻʣѹˡ
㿴ţǼ֪Ϊؼʱ̣һ¶ǡԡ
ϻǿֹڣ˵ǰЩȥҳǣǶŮ˵ˣĶ֪ЩûУ
صѪ½ڸҵ£ұװֹŴգֱ˵
С̡ʲô˼ȫȻѪ½ʲôϵ
ֹɫȴޱȣȫȻΪտݼݡ
ǵ𣿱밢ҲһѪ¡
±ǺŮ֡Сû˸ĸҲûϣΪβĳݣ͸ԼȡС¡
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԰촽ǵġС̣㲻ܡ
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Щ䣬ֹȡᣬһš
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֪ԼˣҲԸɡ
˵ţаסɫǵɢɢڴ˷С

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Ҫµ˸ֹǲΪȱ˵ǣ|ޱȣĻǶǲȱģ|ֻǿƥ䡣һˣӼˡ
ڲȫϣǺķѰ꣬Ϊǹһʱǡһ̶ϴǵĹܣȴ޷ó
Ҳվǳ֮ƣûĵǣܿͻ˥ġ
󣬳ˡ
󣬺˵ʱԴȸħǻҪĬ
ֹҲûмڹϴǵ޹һһ죬ҹ뿪ڶ峿
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죬ŮνгǣǶûзӦֹЩ˸鿴ŷֳѾʧȥˡ
ڽʧȥӾζֱʧȥио
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һʯͷһ꣬Ҳ޷ӵκθ֪Ĵڡ
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ֹס˳ǵ֡
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Ϊܵ𣿡
룬β룿˰롣
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ҲںԹԵؼ˵
ǡĵΣ
ԳͼΪܵǣʧˡԳٱҹУʱԳദܣԳҲʱԼĽչ
Գ˵ʵڲУֻûĵˡ
Ǻܾȣ˵ĵǣô
ȻԳ˵ֻҪԲΪſԡ
ǳҲʮų˵ΪķʽԼ˶ָ֪ож
οʱǵ֪УħΪߵҲǶɽڣФ룿
Ȼǲ֪ǣǰĲԳٱһλԲĴܡȻԳܽԼĵǸ˳ǣ
֪ԼԳǵĸûе̶ȡ
УʱҲûһʱѰ취



121 鳲δʮģֹ
Գ˵ȡԲĴܵĵǱΪܡ֪Ҳǣ ҲҪģֻҪġ
á
ֹ˫ס֣û˿ԥ
֪Ǻ
ͽ˻٣ ͽţ ޵ģ Ŷԡ
Ҫȡǣıġԡ ΪͽһֱɱڻУ Ϊʦ ֶĽͷβܾ֣İĽ ȴǶ
Ź ٲ֪ԴȥǶдóǱģ ֹ
֮ʱȴû볯˵ЩںǸ⡣
û塣

ֹҪԼĵ볯ǵУ ڶʦȻޱȣֹ֣ Ҳû๵ءо˼죬 취ȷпСԡ
ǰҲûûĵǵĵǣ ǻΪҪ̫ˣǴ۷Ҳ֧šڴ۷֮ϵΪ ȫǵˣ Ϊǿߴڡ
о·ˣǸֻͬѰ· ͬȻҲûиֹıҪ
Ƕڲֹ֪Ϊǰ¡
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дһЩ֣˵ֻҪȥ˯ܺˡ
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ħĵһͰ𰸸ˡ˵Ϊһǧ߰ǰȹ㣬Ϊ١ǧһֱѰĻǣΪл꣬ת
ҵ˵ǣСĵŵǵλãںֻһֳѪۡ
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Գǡ
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ΣҲȥ
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д˺ܾãҲ˺ܶࡣ
޾ϸֻ˻֡
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˵ǡһЩʵһǧõ֮
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Цš
ҴûҪȥ
ֹһԭͽ˿̸óǡ
ǸȾѪĵҲͬݽض˵ϡ
ǻذףԼࡣ  



122 鳲δ꣩ʮݡ
ǡҪ
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һǧǰ֪Ҫ볯һͬ
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һ˽ʳˡ
Ļ˺ѣ񱩵˴˼һС
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ԵĲлҲһ̻Ϊޡ

鳲δꡣ

ϵͳռУȴϵͳ
һεĽеҲ֮СϾֹûôˣ廹ܴþá
Ҳѡֹǰɱԭ
ױӶɢ塣
һֵСϷ󣬳̯ɳϵȴ˼룬ϵͳĽˣˡ
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չ
У߰ɡ
ϵͳ䣬Ǳ㱻קһ硣
  



123 ҵĺȴֻٵһɵġ
ϻûԵı飬 ʵµüԽԽһҲӶ
׼СȥʱͻȻе
ڸʲô
һСԡ ˵϶ô ǵǺ
תͷȥ ͼһԼĪʮ߰˵վھСҵλá˿ͦߣӦһװˣ ˧Ƥ׾Ҳÿ ֵˡ
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Ҵٹ¶Ҳ͵ؿ
ſС˻ǹŲӼ˵ Ѿˣٲſ͸ȥһˣ
УСһsеΰȷϣ ЩҲ͸͵͵㹴 ۸۸Сһˣûб ʱִܹ鲻á
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С û°ɣɣ еʵ
ķӾ⸽ԭΪϴ¡Һˣ׼ ˳Ʒ û뵽ûߵУһĻ
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˽ڶĶ̶̼죬Ǿϰ˸ɷԼճ
񳯴ֱУԺŮֽȻȻøУ˵ֽչֳġԡô׺ͣĵ׽ûŨŨĺøС
Ҳû׷˼ңҪΪԼԱ
ֱ˼Ҵ߰Ķʸ׷Ů
ʱҲߵúܿ죬絽ˡ



124 ҵĺȴֻٵ׷Ů
ûжߵ Ƕһϲ꣬˳һҵˮƽڴ󲿷ֵ˵ѵõݳޣں˵ȴѵõͷһˡ
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Ҳ㶵ذԼˣһsеıˣsбҵѧУԶûfôֻǸͨһ
һٷ֮ϵһ֮ǲ΢Խ磬ʵҲм档
ȻԱ޿ɱضŮĶ
ĳҹԼȷϴСˣٹ¾Ͷʮˡĸ֮ǰʹߴҸ֮ǰһֱû磬ʵҲˡȻ˺ʵˣѵôʱףһ涼൫ǴδŮ໥պһӣ
ЩǰõһȴЩ޷ܡ
ǶʮһᵽʲôĶ
һᣬ׷׬Ŭһô֪У
ʵĥһҹô׷Ůһû˯
׷Ůô޷ǾڡӭİáչʾԼŵ㡣
Լûʲôŵ㣬㲻϶ÿﲻ㸻ԣҲûʲôõóֵسȥŵʣˡܺóԡ
㣬ԭĳѧ٣Լ˸決࣬һڿκͲȥˣ˿ΣŲ˷ѵԭ򣬾óȥˡ
һǾѧģԺ決ȤЩԼҲĥһЩھЩھͬ¡
ǵڶ죬ĩһû˯ȴ񿺷ܵúܣ΢ţԼһ𿴵Ӱ
֮ŵض΢ţȴԷĻظ
Ͼ졺ԡһȥӰǸΪľٶºɲͬ⡣
Ҳ̲ס룬ͬĻǲ˵ԼҲЩøУ
ԽԽ죬ԼĪʮӺ󣬺Ǳ߷Ϣ[ð]
Ƕʱڴϴ˸ʮ߰˵ˣëͷСһϾ⻹ͷһ׷Ů
ȵ˺ɵͬ󣬳ǾһͷԽԼĳһ죬˸ݮʡ̡⣬ζ־£ԼҲηӡ
ǽ쿴ӳĵӰɾһСᡣ
˼䣬ݸͬңһг̷ҲȦӵĺ֮һһѼҾûôãǹϵҲܲϾǮҲʲôħ
ԲۣõʲôһŵǷ۷Ůʮĺӣ̾˾
ǳصĵУϵ˷ۺ졺ɫƮ
⣬Ǹҵġɲ֪ǵЦҫؾ˾еĺӡ
ѵŮ׷̲ס˵һ䡣
ȻƳһۡ
ڳǰľŮǲŮ׷׷ô
ûⲻǲ̫Ӧôݰ˵ϾʼǸյصĴү
ݵעܿƵǵϣߴٵ򿪿ô
СŮҲô𾢡Цţ԰Ѻӷŵϣ˺ӡ
಻Ҳһ㲻ģɡ
ˡƭң뵽ִʵģüʡ
Ҳǡݿ⵰⣬ͻȻЩˡһ⵰ĺãҲ泯ĵǸʲôζ
⵰ô󣬡ֶ̡࣬϶塣ҪҰԵ㣿
ʶķӦǾܾ뵽⵰ȷܳ꣬Ѿŵˣ˭ϳôʳ
Ǵ˰ѵݸʱͷС˵е࣬Ըѷųԡ
˵ıѵָŮӳԣ׼һЩСɵͲӣȻֻһȺүǶ
аɡ˵һ顣
ݳһڣֻ볢ζ˭֪Ļͦͷ̲סһһڣûþͳˡ
п˵⳯ǳĲȥĸߵ֪٣ǵȻûЩ˽£ǳȴζ
Ȼġ
жֺСŮмֳŪģӲϲЩĶ
ɳ˼ں󣬾Ȼͦóԡ뵽ȵЩɳ˼ںҲûٳˡ
ʲôûԹĳԵĵ
ڳʲô
ɴϿĳ̷ǵĶ
Ե⣬ǳ͵ģҪôݶ˵
Ǽһ͵ģаҲ㡣̷˵
ɸǵСȦҲˣǶԺٰŮװһɵҲȤ
ŵظ̷˿飬˳ָԼһ顣
Ƴһۡ
㻹ôڨڨʵ
˭˵Ķöˡ˵



125 ҵĺȴֻٵɴ𡭡
[ǣĵóôºþû ˡ]
[lܺó԰ѶˣԼҲͳԵڡ]
[ǣ û£ ϲĻҪҸ١]
ܵ⼤ ǸԵľ͸ˡ
ĶҲ廨š˵ŮȻƷƷ֣ ҲÿζŮӳⶫ
նͳԵģʲôЦ Ҫ͵ ŮװôҲ̫ˡ
˵϶ǲô˵ģ ǵ˵ǣ ƽʱѾæˣջҪͳԵĵĻҲ̫ˡ롣ԼҪܵŮӵͳԵģ ȷе֡
ȡеķӡżЩԵģ͵档
תۼ䣬 Ĺϵˡ
ǵĹϵҲԽԽܣÿĩ棬 ǽʾ֭źȥЩʺȤĵط棬 ΢ϵûжϹ
Ԫ
ǳǹŵһԪ Ϊɸס
ԼɵĹϵӦѾǸ̶ˣֻһ㱡Ĵֽȴơ϶ܵ˼Ů Ǿ Ҳ֪
һߣɿ΢ϣĨǴԼϲõĳǣ ̲סЦ
ˣҾúشѾˡǰ˫ֵԺһε˵
һʼΪϷһ£Ҫ֪شҲûгµģ˵ȥŪһˡ
˭֪ɻĸϷһ¡ݶˣشٰŮôȻܽ¡
ֲõڣŰԽҪǺش٣һⱲӶ̸ֻܿס
ǺɾȻȥֻҪôҪôɵЦ˰ɣ
̷̧˸üλȻͬЩȦЩ˵Ķһһó档ƽʱȥ棬ڴһ졣
ʱɿڴϣݵĻ˳ʵʲôôˣ
ԪǸľͷҪұˡɰֻ£Ц˵
٣⣬͵𣬡Ǽһڿˣ
ļٵģԪ֪ˡ˵

Ԫ죬Ѫ
ȻΪ˱ȽľګʵǹǱȽǿġټµ緽Ĺsһ߳УĹҲܴﵽңҲǸнˡ
ǳƽʱڼ󣬳ȥһǧķ⡢ҪԼÿ¸ĸȥһЩǮ֮⣬ٻʲôǮ
ԪصضһѱҪǧĸߵ
طǻͷһټĸ񣬴ʱԵøн
νĸߵԺ˵Ĳ˱ֵȻܿ뵽ԼԼġƽŮĶλصرֳһЩ衣
ôͻȻôĵطҲ̫ƷˡСضԳ˵
żһҲûʲô˵棬ľͺãҪǮЦ˵
˺󣬳óһ׼õǱһ顣
ɴ򿪿ʱװܾȵʣǱҪɣˣ
㡺ҡ˵ʲôЦ
ʱʱˣռƻӦͳס
źɣһӽŵӿ˿ǡ
ſǵĳǣһ̲סЦǲǡлҪ˵
ǡǵġ
֪ǲ飬ʱǾȻúɿɫŹ
Сɣʵϲܾˣܲ㡭һ𣿡˵ýͰͣŵĶð
ɲûڵһʱӦ
Ǽ״Щˣ֪ұ꣬ôÿ䲻㡣ĵģҪǸһҾԻúչ㡣
ɿʵľګ˴ʱŵģ֪ΪٶŪһ¡
ҪǲӦٷһܳ𣿡ûϲ˵Ŀʵ
һ㶣Ȼ
ͬʱҲڲ³ô˵ǲǴ
Ϲʲôɴ˳ԽԽ룬Ҷء
ҵȻҲһ𰡣ôãұֵûô

Ӵۺظˣݿźɴſڽл
ʱǲᡣԪڣЩӵôʵʵ
ʱ½µĹˡ
Ǹɳ극󣬱ͺɻᡣǵȳԶſ
ظ磬ôˣԶڰԵĵһߡ
ǻм٣üְѳ׸Щˡ
һˣ˴򿪺ӣһۣм˵Ҳ͵ĳ֣
Щ׷Ů˲Ҹʮϰ򣬶˼˵
ܸȣʶ˼伲ˡ½˵ţߵǰѺ׻ظ˺ɡ
ڵˣ֮ô½
ˣúú棿˵¡ν˵

һߣͺɻ󣬱ԼĹԢ
ϴ裬ȴߡ
һ鶼˳һ
ɴӦһˡ
˷ܵú⣬һڵŴһͮƣ侲Щ
룬Ӳ̲ŸտʼءԼs޳޷ѵҲСɸԼӣ
ҪsаѷˣСɹϰȵӡ
ǽǵͬǷֳǹԽˡӰ༸˳̬ûþ˲ٴӡ
ˣ˽Ҳûٽ˽˸һʱ⣬еʱ䶼Ͷ˹С
ѾˣԼϵĴʮ򣬸ĸҲԸһǮո׸֮װǮӦǹˡ  



126 ҵĺȴֻٵģ[L
һ꣬ ʱӻŵɳ©ˬbϪߵøЩ
ڳǺͺ˵ˡ
߰˸£ ɴĵĵһѧҲߵ˾ͷ
ظ磬 6¥Ƕи͵Ķ ˳ˡһĲĺзƿš
ʱѧڵʵϰҲˣ ĩҪѧУڴ졣
һǺз֪˭͵ĶˣûʲôµùǺзŵԼǰҲյ
ʵ˴ģ ǻ϶סУġĩ ѧУӰ˵̫࣬Ϊ˷ס˼졣ȻǸӵܣ ѧУѧ ҪȻҲܿf
ǵĺ̫ˣҲﲻʲôæ ˾ȸȥΪɲᡣ
סޣȻֱӸ߳¥ ³ʵfһҲϤ߳ǵĵַһŮңǱѶǶ
Ǵʲô첱ӿ
ºбһװţ ɰѱºзӴó ٰһ򿪣 ǴŹǡ㡢ݫĳһƮ׷
ӵı¡ԡܺã Щ˻ڵģ ζʳָ󶯡
󣬷ִж
˳һдֵĿƬ
׺룬 о仰Ƕߣ⣬˭֪ǰ;Ĺ⾰ǰҲΪǣ뵽Ӵ飬Ҳû塣
ɿˣҲˡ
ЩĶɶ秵ġͷ㲻˵ʲô
ûݡ
Լ֪ôһ¡ڶרҵ̣һרҵһŮҪʵ߳ǣƷַӡ¶ڡ˵ѧϵģƽʱϲãֺ˵˸ʱڵѧ
˰仰棬ȻȥЩ飬ۡ
дڿƬϵĻãƽʱһҲᵽʱڵѧĶüβ㡺¶ڡ
ɰλһɨͳֻʼ顶׺롷
ɨһߺͼ飬˸š
ԺᵽôܺŪ䡣
٣ôණԵôʿˮ
һ·ζܲˡ
ȥ԰ɣѾԹˡ˵
ģҶ˰
õ˺ɵֵͬߵߵذЩ˶ˡ
ĩ⼸ȻæҲܿ졣߰һ۾͹ȥˡ
ȦֻһɫȮ
ɣôȥ²߰½ߵߣʵ
ûȤػؾЩҲ塣˵ţɨǰֽԡЩÿŶֺͬһס
ӲͶôȥ漸Ȧ½˵
ҲСɵͷ²ǣп޵ģ
ˣˣû֣½ͻȻᵽ
⻰˺ɵĻϻӣЩƵ˵Ҳڷ
ʲô÷ģҪˣǾֱӸеģ֮ǰˣ£ش٣½ĵ˵
µǲ£ǡûҪֵϡ˵
ʱһ룬ش첻µز£ŮȻҲνһ綼һˣ䲻˵еġе̬
˵ʲôͻȻ˽
Ķٲ㡣½Ц
ۺɣ˵ˣֱֲڷ
˳ڵʲô÷ģҪôظֱӸ˵֣Ҫô֪Ѷ¡
ô֪Ѷˣ
֡һûȥӣƷҲҪô
ͷûʲôǮôŮʡͼװðݽƾͳŲ˶ˡ
˼ҲУԡ
½ļ˵Ҳˣһû㻻θˡܲ˵˰ɡ
ҽЦü
ǽЦⲻô½˵Ȼǣһ¡ﶼǡ㡯׼Ƴģǰǳˣɾûˡ
㣬һɫ
ҪǸɣƾһˣǸҲ½˵ţŮ֡

˵Ǹ취֪ףһҲδɡ
[lǣ뻻]
[ǣðûĿʽ]
֮ͷһͼƬ
ζ³һ۸ȻζlvЩϰİ㲻϶ߵڳ˵һСĿ
ǳǻϸתǮ
[lллǣôô]
Ļǰĳ̲סЦЩˡ
ƴ׬ǮΪϲ˸ôСɺٿҪʲôѵÿˣĶܾ
ǽأǿʼΪ
ΪǴ֮󣬺ɸЩݳƷҲѿǮ
Ĵ֮󣬳ǻҲСʮˣźɷǿҪİѡ
ЩǮûУҪΪɵķ㡣
ʵѾ˷ˣ׼һȻװޡܸպøСɱҵ
ҲܸСһϲ
sеķӣʵһ˾̽𶴣Ϊ򷿣ѾƴʡԼá֮ǰݳƷѾǼޣ⼸³ǰԼ֧ѹޣҲܸİˡ
[ǣСɣҪʱɣûôǮ]
ʵûӣҲûŪȥֱ˵ˡ
ɿ仰ü΢һȺ
ȺˣȦϵõļˡ
[l@ݣ취żʹˡ]
Ȼ˵ţȴĪмֲˬ
ŰҲǮ϶˵ȥǮò
ݵĻظǸһͰ͡
[ݣظ㲻˵xxŵСôǮòڴˡ]
[ݣٲ죬˶ͻʶȤˡ]

Ǻɾͽųǲ֮ɣƢ˺ü졣
ɰѳǼòСһˣСɻǵһθ
СɴǰȴЩңȻñ仯Щ󣬵Ҳûй֡
һ֮ǰ֮󣬻õףǺ֪㡣
ϲСɣȻϲȫ
ЩΪѡ
ϸһ£칫˾սĹƻóµĽⲿǮ˷ӵ׸װСڰǮһóСɵĻҲǲԡ˾ްµ٣ʱټӰ˽׬Ȼٽʡһ㣬ٰǧĹԢˣҸ˵ġӦþֻʣҵĿȱ
Ҳû£˼ͣҲмĸһˡ
֮󣬳սǿ
յǿȴסˡ
û뵽ĸˡ
ֱڣҲûκļ󡣹١ơȥҲģ
ǿЩԡҪְʲôãֲܱóȥҲ벻ȦĵΡ
Ⱥ
[lݣ̫ðǸˡٸȥҲʲô㻹û⣿]



127 ҵĺȴֻٵ壩ǡ
[ݣ]
[ݣҪظֱ䴦ˡһʱ䣬 Ҹɷ֡]
[ݣ׷˲׷˦˻򵥣]

СǿСûҪݳƷ óһ
ʱһ һ⽥͹ˡ
Сɺôˡ
΢ϣ ûСɣСɱ㲻Ҿң СҲǸ˺ܾòŻ
ʱ䳯ǱӦ٣ǶӰͽ˽ˣ Ϊ̫æˣ תԭûֺɵ
عȥ ǿɿ Ž
ʼƵ΢Сæʲôû鲻ã ѧУʲôʱѧʲôʱ
Сɸ˺ܾòŻ Ҳֻڷܼ䣬˵ԼŶĩ
ǷЩ䵭ˣ ǾСɹ̫æ˰ɡҲû̫⡣ȶĩ Сɻ˵
Ϊأ ȻǿһЩҪ
֮ǰõļͣ Ҫöһ ˡ
ǻ˼죬ϸȶԿǸ¥̺ͻͺһ žæŴϵװ޹˾
ĸ˵װ޲ֱӽǮ˦ƹһ㣬Ҳ׳⣬ûǶšϵһЩƣҲԼա
ʣµǮҲס֮ǰĹԢˡҲһⷿ¼װ֮ǰҪסĶ
һһǧֻһСĳⷿ
ⷿװ޷ӡһϵټϳǱĹñصʱæˡ
˶ĩЩûãװ޹˾ҲŸż죬˿ʱ䣬˵ʶСҪˡ
΢ŸСɣڻsУӦúúüһ档
СһֱûЩżˣϸ룬Сɺһͦ䵭ġ
绰СɣҲһֱûӡ
˵ڶ磬СɲŻ
[lְɣˡ]
͵ؿϢΪԼˡ
֮ǿհһƬĴԲǿϢˡ
Ĳס³Ҳ
ǰ
̫뵱ȻˣСɻôᣬôƯһ˵ֻͼһʱʣĶԼ
ţϱʶһˮ
ǳǲ׷
̫ϲСˡС֮ǰƽƽ桢Ͱ࣬ഺͰֻӫĻͱϣԶ޹ء
ȻζһСɺȻӿɫʡ
꣬Ϲ滮ԼСɽΪŬҪ
Ҳֻ΢ϡ赭дС
[ǣʲôˣǼ̸̸òã]
ûлӦ

ȻɽˣǳǴûȥɵѧУҹ
ΪСɲã˵ƽʱ̫æˣf볯ǹĵط̫鷳ˡ
Ҳúܣ˵ˡȻСɲȥͲȥ
ǵС˵˵ʱʶ֪СfͶ֮⣬֪Сκϵ
Сɵϼңֻ˵jʡҲû˵ĵطûСɵκѡ
ҪСɣֻԼȥf
һ죬ȥf
֮ǰΪ˸СͶСɸ¥
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ҴŲûԱ룬ǽһЩʱ䣬ҵ¥
ָɷһϢ
[ǣ¥¥ˣҼһ棬̸̸òã]
Уֻгǵ
һΣûлӦ
¥µãȿ쵽ʱ̲סȥѯ޹ܡ
̣Һɣϵʺڲҡ޹˵
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Ǵˣ
ܣ¥һķˡ
ûǴܲ鷳ٿ˵
޹˺ܺãһΡԳҡͷûСⶰ¥豸ϻѧڿѧЩͬѧҡǻˡ
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Щʧ߳¥ĿĵƬ
СסԸҲ֪¥ҲҲ
ȥţֱ㶵վԱߡ
СĶ¥ֻҪᣬܸܿ
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ִȵҹֵȵҹ
ʮࡣҲԽԽ١
ѾվסˣˣɿŴų
ͻȻиǰͣ
Գǵӽǣıһ˫ֵƤЬͣǰ
̧ͷȥվǰһԼĪʮͷ꣬ݿ롣
Һɣʵ
仰ǰһæվ˵ǵģô֪
½£ɵѣƬ½¼ؽ͵
СɵѰǾϲ֪СסĶһ档
ͻȻʲôֻʱѾʮˡ
ȵ̫ˣʱ䡣
ЩˣҲСܸܲ˵һ
á½˵סˡ
ѾѧˣѧУпҵֻҪʵϰҵ硣˺ҲἷͰᵽУˡ
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ҴȥɣҪȥ½˵
ʮ࣬һԳСɵСԡ˵Ҫȥ
ǳڴʱҲЩõĸоͷ
һжûжۣԼҲ²ʲô
ֻܶ½µͷҲã鷳ˡ
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Ǹ½˼ǵطԶԶ
ȴ˿ǰһĺţ½ֱȥ
ʲôɡ½¿վԭصĳǣߴٵ
㶵˳
ĸоķչ񳬳֪
ͬʱ˽˻Щ˵ĺɣȴյ½µһϢ
½·Ϣ˸Ͻ֪ĥʲô
Ȼȴסˡ
[£ҰѳǴˣ׼һ¡]
ú󣬷Ӧֱ޲ð½ӿװǲʺ
[lвʲô]
[£㲻˵ǲġ˵]
[l˵أܳ]
ԭ鲻ʱȴ½½ϵһ㲻ʣˡ
ΧһȦߵһλǰŮװҵĳ룬мٷ
ֵֹ߱ҪŪסˡ
ʲôȥüơ
͵ر½ôһڣǶڱըıԵ
һߵĳǣں˺һ󡣳ʻһûʵĽ½ſ³ˡ
ǿҹɷĵط֪ôЩӲˡ
иµ࣬
СɣȻʱ
˳ߴ½˴
ȳκһطҪݻһһǡ
ΧɫĸߴڡĬصߡÿˡꡢ꣬С
˵ݣݺܴ󣬵ֻˡ
ֹ߲ͣ㣬ƺⶰ߲㡣  



128 ҵĺȴֻٵ˼
ƿĽ ǸǴδӴҲ磬ҲӴһǣǰȫȻ̳¡
ƺֽ̡ԡ
Щ˴ţ ׯ̸£ ȴԭʼ|
ȻǰһĻסˣ ĿĴѰȺҵԼϤˡ
ܿҵˡ
Ƶĵط СҲڡʱɳϣߵ꿴ʮ̸ܵʲô
ǻ䣬 ǿ첽ǰ
Ȼ룬 һ·ͶĿ⣬ ĿⴥԸŵ½£ Ҳû˵ʲô
СɣߵߣñѰ˺һ
תͷ ǣװʮ־ȵģôˣ
Ѵġ
ԣ Ҳ˳ƿԵ½һۡԣ޲ھʹ½µĹͷ
ǿźɣ Ĭã ſڣСɡ֮ǰ˵ֵ飬 ٸú̸̸
ûʺʲô
һҲԸ֪ν࣬ Сɡ¡
ȻΪԷٰ룬 Էȴ顣
ûʲô̸ģ㻹ɿ򳯴ǣֱӽҡ¶˳ǿεһɴֽ ϲϱˡûǮİסһӣ
ʶͿߣô˼ô
ÿһֶڳǵϡ
ǵͷĵƹ£ıҲģˡ
̧ͷ֪䲻㣬Ҳֵط
ֵطǵĻߵˡ
½·Ϣɺ󣬺ɲ˼ŮװϣһͬϷ˳ǰȫеˡ
¶ڡ
ֵطʲôطЦȫȻƽʱںɵǰǲģ˵ǵĵȽϺá
øϻˣأԱ߿˿ȥôʲô˶Žǲˣ
ܿߴıߵ˳ߣλ뿪
Сɡûߣźɻ˵ʲô
߰ɣǽˡ룬´Ҳġ
䣬Ǳ㱻ǿƴ˳ȥ
ߺ󣬺ֱӳæϡе㲻ʺϵļٷ½ϡ
½ģв
½µû
ѹԼϵļٷ£ݵ˺ɶ棺ʲôⲻݵͦõô˵ףһݣ
ԣȺ˵ʲôһԵݵƹ̲סЦ
ǰظ磡ЦòУݽʧŮĿԣ
Ҳɵһۡ
ݶʱ˸Ͷƣҳˡ

󣬶̶̼գǱ㲵ò
ϵɷæ·װǱҲ벻ˣװ£ظܺã
˼죬ǻǲԸ
СɿԲһ𣬵ؿСߡ
ЩʲôôһһСɿô죿
ٴ˺ɡ
ûйֻ֪f󣬻֮ǰȥǸط
úѧڲûᣬѧǱҲôȥұŪãҲûȥˡ
ʱһΣ¡
ȥ㣬ֿǸˡ
ϣԵĺ˵
ü
ظ磬Ҫ㻹ֱӰɡ̲ס˵ҿҲǸֱУֱӸ϶پˡ
ô˳һķڿģҲЩ֮ġ
첲ôհɵһۡ
Ҿ˵ҲûɴֱӸɡ̷Ҳ̲ס˵һֱȥ㡢ᣬҲǸ¡ôңҲûҪ
ܳǽ˵һҲʹ죿ɵһ
ǾûҪƴƴ㣬ȥֱ˵ˣ̷˵
Ҳţǰظ硣Ǵ壬˶һȦֿġ
ɳûǡֱޣԶ
ݺͳ̷ˣֻܿٶԽԽ죬ƺŷйζûþʧС
⡣Щģôˣ
˵ȥ׷Ϻɡ
ȥˡһ
תͷͼ½ǿ
Լйһ¡½˵

Ҫ˵һ㶼ϲǣȻǲܡ
ҪĲϲҲھƲϵϾЩԭļƻǴ㽫Ǹ㵽ֺٶһ١
ֻ㵽֡ڱԤĶˣԼҲԤó
һǸֱִˣҲúԭ˵ļƻ޵Ƴ١
ķ׵ֺã秵ضЩ顭ʵ޿ɱر
δ¹ó֪ġԡݡӵڴǸʱ̣˷ŭ޿κεģ
ǽأڴת˿ܡ
֪ǸֱС
Ƿеģ˵ϲͰĽֻͶġ
ǺԼû˼Ŀ־壬ȴһزϼ
ˣԸó֪࣬Ϊ¡
ԸôǷֿٳǻϲСɡġ
ϲŷֱȥҲ
Ȼ͹˳Ƕĸ飬Ҳ֮ԽԽ⡣
һ磬ܵԼƣߣµҲڿ顣
ˣֱ˵ɡ

һĩԼյԺɵϢ
[lǽһɣҸú̸̸]
ǻһɫǾϲ
˵ʮһھ
sеһҸߵǻûȥⱲӾȥһθߵɸ׵졣
һ綼û˼飬ŵȥǼҲ
ܸˣһӻԺ˵
ǵķǰװ޺ãӦٹ±ܽҵˡԭȳǱǴһҵԼ͸ϲ
Ȼƻϲϱ仯ҲϢСɡ
Сܹת⡣
ʮͷǱ㵽ǼҲ
ںǰԤԼõλϵãʮʮңǰһˡ
һСɳúˡ
òΡ
ȴǸˡ
ѵСɵĵܵôǰûС˵
Ǹ꾶ֱ򳯴ǣڳǰ¡
Ǽ״ЩɵؿѯʣǡСɵĵܵô
ǡֱ˵ҾǺɡ
ʲʲô˼
Ȼסˣһʱ䲻׺˵ʲô
Ҳû̫ʱ䣬˵ţ˼ǣһֱеġֻΪѴˡ
ǽãŵɴ۾ĿİͰ͵˵Ϊʲô
ΪʲôҪŮƭң
˼ѡɵ˵
ǲŵؿ
ôôӵˣ
ƭһֻ࣬Ǿú
һ࣬ʲô
뵽ԼڵظˣĿİضЩ˾ͷε飬ҧ׬ǮӰ࣬ʡԼøݳƷ
Щʲô
ҺܱǸʱû̫ࡣ˵ϻ˲ǮΪǮⷽԿ

ǳٳûпڣ˵ǾһٵĻᡣ
û˵࣬Ϊ֪˵ˣճǵġԡδԸҪ



129 ҵĺȴֻٵߣ⡭
ôǮ飿
ǮԳ˵Ҫ ҪʡԼãסʮƽ׵С䡢˵ĺзʱɨҪԥá
ҲҪҪΪ˰ˣ ԽԼİ
̧ͷῡ꣬ ǻؿڣ šһšҡ飬֪˵ʲô
һɫò ŮԡʱǻװʱҲԵŮ ΪߴζԳѹȸС
ҲĴ
һװ ȳǶҪ֣ȴδɹ
ڱֱ˵ˣ ŷ֮ǰһദ ȫǸ©ͷ
ȻеģϴǸط ߵǸˣǡ
ѡȳ꣬ ֱӻش
ص֮߳Ķνˣ ʱһĪ̹ϡ
Ҳû뵽ôֱӣ ꣬ һ˳ǣˣң
ƽʵһӵˣһη˻
ܱǸֻô˵
㡢ô֪ǿţ ̫ŭڲ֪й Ҵʶǣûеǡ̫쵰ˣ
ͺⱲû˳ܣ ʱĺˣҲ˵ʲô໰
Բ𡣡ɴóһſһһʱҡ
ǽƵſϡ
ƴŬֻиδ
ЩںǰӦþǸЦһɡ
һ۶գ
ΪСǱЩƭˣ˭֪Ǹ
ҲҪĿƺǿ侲ЩԴѪ˿۾עźɣҲٿ㡣
˵ţ͵ͷҲص뿪ˡ

һĿĽˡ
û죬ǾϵͳֽţװģǼʮƽ׵ĳݡ
һθıʱڵǳǵǴι
ѹһġ䡱ھԭǴΡѾȥˡ
·Ӳװ޺ˣͨˣڶסˡҲ˵ǼСⷿᵽ
ǡµʱǶθʹ߳ʵԭҵŮѵ鶼Ѿ˵ˣҲΪ£˶֪Ҳ֧
ͺ֮󣬡ǡԸᵽɣĸĸ֪˷飬Ϊһ𡣻ߴٳǴСŮѻϼҿ֮£ǡֻܶԸĸ˵ͺΪԡ񲻺ϣѾֿġ
ʵǱһӵĸ׽Ū顭Ҳϣĸ֪
ĸʧ֮࣬Ҳӵġǿóĺϲ֮ǰŮѡ
Ҳʮ˿ʮˣȷǸüҸˡĸϵsеѣǰ˲ס
һθ˵̫ˣʵʱû̸뷨ǿŸĸģҲþܾӲͷƤμ˼
磬պþͻһ
һףȻǴӴͷЩΡ

׶óЩȡ
ֵϡ
ȻǸرÿС㣬ҲͶʮͷҲϳô
ӳϵǣСԴǵ̬Ҳܺá
ǵ켶ò˵ԵԲͨĻгϣǻġ
Ͼs˷нϸн180ҲС˧ͨһҵҲһȷ
Ƕǰλӡֺһˡ
ӽ徲˵ǡǡŮУŮװĺ֮ÿһЩӫĻǰװ˵
ԭΪ徲ῴֻ׼극ͽȴû뵽ƺԳǻֳЩøк
ͳ磬Ҳһ£զ¡жϵͳ˵
˵ֵӣҾãҲƽ徲һͳ̤̤ʵʵӵģой¡
ϻһ١ϵͳ˵
ʱԼ۰ɡν
˼룬ϵͳҵˣ֮ǰǡ㡯ˡ
㡯Ƿߡ徲ũ壬sеĴѧΪҾƶߵͬѧҲǸӵܣs۸߿ûþʳͷһʼֻǽǮݳƷӲѣʮڽǮ;棬ǸʮΪˡ㡯ѧ
Ϊòʮֳڣ㽫Ϊѹᡣļ֣׬Ǯ֮ͻǮҪ뿪㲻ԸóеǮǿ뿪Īѧ˶ܲϼ˼ȽŮһоͲˣʮͼˡܹϴѧѵãѧĸҲֻܸס
ҲǱ֮ǰľˣڿҲҸʵ˺úù׳˽̡
ȵȣϵͳͻȻֲ鵽ʲô
ôˣ
Ҳɣͼ졣ϵͳӦǺڽڲ¼
Ҳһʱ¡
˼ˡ˵
ףȷóɡ  



130 ҵĺȴֻٵˣ
Ȼⳡ׳ɹĴ㣬 ǳҲûʲôı֡
徲ҵľǸ̤ʵˣʺϲģûҪʲô֡
Ȼ һٷ ǱֵýЩ˼ 徲ȥȴûа㲻ͷЩˡ
극 ǻཻϵʽ徲̬ȣ Ȼнһ˽ͷչĴ㡣
Ȼʱû̸Ĵ㣬 Ǹ׾ܾ˵ˣŮ̬飬 ҲȻʾ

͵ɵһ 徲Ҳȴ΢Ž֡
ǳԹһοҲû֮ǰ ΢϶ļ죬ɵȥ˺Ǽº ʵѾƯŮûˣҲ˵ڲ̸ Ҫ̸ ҲֻҸƽŮԡ ̤̤ʵʵعһӡ
ΪϺ˵ġԡ񣬶Է Ҳӻ߷ܡȻһǵһǣ ٶеտءȻ徲̸ͨĺøлеġҲڱ֮Ы
˼ 徲Ҳٸ˵Щ
˵Ϊľȥѧʲôԭû˵
ֻиƾȻsʲôõĹһҡ̡򹤡ѧǷרҵżҲϽӵһЩĵӣ׬Щ졣
һڣһĩ徲˵ѵϢԼһɽ
Щܾ΢ίرʾȥ徲˵Ҳs࣬ǰѾͬѧѧҲϵˡǿͬѣǡ̡ݣÿÿ졣Ϣͬ¾Ͷڸɻ
˵֮󣬳Ҳþܾ͸һȥɽ
ǺٵɽȻǲĿ˵ϲɽЩæڹ֮ǰ̸һ࣬æԷʱ䶼ü˵ɽˡ
ѵóһɽŽơ͵֣ЩӻѹؿڵĳƺĪɢࡣ
ǿԴñͷ;ȫˮһĺյԾЦѵϢôɽô
ʲôġ徲˲ͷϵĺҪ
˵Ŵıóһ轣Ҫȵ𣿡

ദ֮󣬳Ƿ֣徲ŮȷĲһ
Զû͵ĸ꣬ǰꡢꡣôڣǵҲܺ죬ȴûҪòȥõʲôҲͬһϰڰҹͲɿڣֻͼһʱĳ죬עؽɽ轱±ʵѳǾˡ
ƽʱҲӲҹҲʮһ˯֮ٳҲ˯
˽ˡҲЩ֮ǰĵִ
ԭ׶ദ˼£ϵԽ³ʵûǲ˼徲ºףɳȻ
ǶⳡףһֱԤϣǵʱɸеʮ־ȡ
ûʲôʵĵطԡʵʵҲܶʱ򶼸ҹϹòҾڣͬһʱѾ㹻ˣ˵λ徲ȸİס
ǴΣ֤ûа׵ڱһΣȻҲš
СûʲôǮʮˣҲ˵һ޳ɡôÿҪʲôûС
ܾˡ
Ǹǲƭ㣿徲ȴһʹ˳Ĺǣ̧ͷ򳯴ǣּᶨ˵ϲǸ磬ǸҪǲţͿȥ֤
ͼҲͼǮơ֪ĸǱߵһֱһüǮǷĸĻԼҲ۳ǡsϼǧԶΡ
һ˵ǰѳ˵ˡ
Ȼ׶ദ£ûо֤ǳǱϾأǾӦûиٻĥһαȽϳʱٽȽϺá
Ҳǲ㡭

Ȼȥ֤Ŀ´㣬ǳҲûܾܾ徲ĸס
ǵĹϵȻ֮ǰһ㡣
ڳǳΪʱĸҲ˵绰
Сǰ˵ǸС㡣迴СƬҲ˽ǸùҲϴСˣýˡ
ĸ˵áҶϵ绰󣬳ߵԼ¾ӵĴǰsеķҲЩˡ
Ǹýˡ
ܲΪɣ浱һӵĹ¼ҹˡ
СҲûʲôá

˵ߡ
ȻǴ̸ǲɢҲûҪǮǸͬʱҲһ
ô˵׮ֵҲǽˡ
ǰزɵЩӵ˸ˣֻԼþûôɳˡ
һȦľۻȻɳȥҲֻȥһȥġȴĪزʲôȻǹܲϣȴĪһ
Ƕʱ䳯Ĵȥȥˡ
ڸƲˣǲҲʧˣһӲ裬ֻѵó졣
Ƿº־ЩνӣػҲ¡
ζȤ
ͷƺһ޵Ӱһһأ׹ɿĵط
ֺƮƮģʳϵѪ⣬ҧһһĿն쬵ع硣
ǴʵϰʵɾԼҿعɵһ繫˾ʵϰѰʵϰ˵ʹʵϰģԺ˵ȴޱȡ
ҲᵽУ⣬ĵһռذ˰ƽ׵ı
ܴЩ˾￪party
Ҳգʵ̫һȦӵĽ㣬һա
̫ڣԡ졣
ޱȣȴɳϺ˵
٣ǣô˵˵٩
ûʲôӦֻϵľƣһԲعȥ
٣ôŮͻȻŮߵߣĸЦ˵
ЩЩĵͼۻɫ֪ĸ۵ġζȻҲͼ飬Ѿˣһͦϲʽģȥ򡭡ںɵб棬ϵ˵š
Ȼû˵꣬ͱɴˡ
ֻɴʱɫޱȡһ˫һд˿ȫЦ⣬ֱضѹһľķ籩
ģᣬȴ˼⡣
͡ԱߵĴҰŮ૵Ϊϴּ䣬û뵽Ǹҡ涼һЩ⼸ҲǺô
͵ЩûҲû⡣־ͷżˡƱķҲҪͰǶʰȥˡ
Ǹҡ˵
Ůɲˣһʱ侹ǽû
һԭӾر߸ŮݷֳĶæƲŮ߸
ôôˣæߵߣö˶˵ôˣ
ݻ壬ŮڷӦˡؽݸɣȫһߡ
ûݣСĵİѰԺ󣬼ĿŮϣû˸㣬˼ҵĶܡҡ𣿣
ԡԲ𣡡Ůվ͵һϹҪ޳ˣҲǹġΪΪ



131 ҵĺȴҴֻٵţֱ⡭
ݿ˿ɷɳϵİ
ʱ͵İ ҲǶġЩϹѣߵŮԡѣöúȥҳġ
ϾĶ֪Щǰ׷Ů Ҳʮµİ
Ǹ֮ Ҳ͵ᡣǼˣ Ҳ⼸ֻ
ʱݿһҲܿϳЩ ǳǵʱ͸ɵİ
ǺбҪôƢô
һɣ ȻЩͬ
 ˵ⶼʲô°
û뵽ظ绹Ǹϡ
Ծˣڶز Ҳûð ҡ
һߣǰŮڲϵǸ
 ظ磬Ҫˡգ ûҪô󶯸λ𡣡ݴ˼г񣬶ԺȰ
ɵͷ ǸŮȥ
Ůһ£ ܿͻع ɾ˼˵ǡõġ
ͳͨۿ ת˳ȥ
ǰɹϵҲ Ķ֪ЩİͱҲĶҪǿζô˵棬ҲǼ£ Ҳ򵽡
ǿⴢŮҲˣΪôҪù٩һºɡǡ˵˵
˭뵽
ô˵ϲӣŮίˡ
ɵļһֱȦڶģǰϵ˵˵Ҳû⡣ҪǵɡҲʧ
ίѹҲֻˡ
ԭֵմʱΪ߷ִʱȫЩҶ޵ؿߡ
٣ʲô·ôĻ𣿡ߵߣЦдȰο뻺ա
ɶû̧ͷ˵Ҳȥ
һû׺ɵ˼
Ƕȥ𣿣ͻȻƱݺ˦£ײϼӲĴʯذųƬһҲŵȫһ顣
ݼ״æ˳Ÿո߹˵߰ɣ鲻á
˵ţҲߵ棬ʼɢȺ
죬һɹϵ½һ̬ûһںߣһֱڽĬĬȾơ
˿̵ⳡ˶ȣȴûһģǷ¾Ʊֱ߳ȥˡ
ҲʶȤ½½ˡ
ʣݺͳ̷ǣԭοһºɣȴɳϣһһغžƣҲȥһ˾һ
˵ɶֻˡ
ǰһ±ıķȱȥܺɣԼͣȥ
ϰڵĶֶϸߵĺƣɰˮһ¶ӣٺãʱҲЩⲻס
ȻȫȻܲһеعţǰҲһһصӰ
֪˶ãǰľƿˡ
㶵ؿǰӰ죬ٶ۵ĴԲʶѾûоˡ
ϵĿվƱȫƷžãضĲӣǽһƬ
ûһתԵļֻŵǰ
һֻǳġҲֻ
Ҫ򣬸ոǸŮۻȴ֪Ǹɵôճġ
üˣһ͹ͱֶڼʱ϶ҳ
ãᣬ°Щβˡ
ҳĵòˣǱϾûúñЩȥʱԵЩɡ
ɶǣ֪ǲǸոЩҳ䵽۾ʱ۾Ȼʹ
̫ƣθҲӿܡ
һǰĳ죬ҲƵģ˺ܶᡣ
ûԶٶֺ̫ƣθһۡ
ʱҲߵ࣬ҪҪ
ܳǣ˵ѧŽ̫ˣθеܣͲȥˡ
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ֹһСʱ¥޹ܴ绰˵Ķ
¥Ͷģ˳ǲбˡʹȥˡ
һڵɽҩ޲࣬Ա߷һθҩͼů
ⱲӶûùůἸ˼ůڵЦ
ɴʱθȷЩܣԭԼˮȥ˯ôӻŽ
ڿ࣬θܣʱҲ̫ضˡ
¶Ǻθůġ
󣬺ֻֿкܶϢʾ
Ǹ˵´Žôƣ˼һ¾ˡȻ˵θɾ͵òʧ
Ȱůڶϣůθ
˯һСʱ˯
߶߶һ
ְЩůǰЩᡣ
һѰǶͰϴ˯ˡ
ҲθˣôĴŮõĶ
ʱθ۵þΣȴ㱼ζ
֪Լϲǡ
ܾ֮ǰͷˡ
ôҲ˵ϲŮԡϲСԡҲľ볯һ
ϲֻǴҲֻһʱʡĸꡢûмҲÿԡҲӽڹŰʵһһӡ
ϲһЩŮûʲôͬʸйˣ£ʲô鶼ûˡ
ôΪϲͰԼһһһأ
һ򶼶ʧȥˡʹĹº˵֮Աǡ
2020ˣ˭û˭ͻȥ
˵ʱȻЩϲĸˣҲܵû̹ʲôˡ
ķֿˣ֮ǰĶ˸飬ȴ־Ȥˡ
һʼЩ顣
ǱŸĸһĺӣã飬ûû䡣
һ󶴡

һĸоͷѡ
֪ϵѹϵǰѹסҹĻı
Ҳûôѹˡ
˿
Ȼ˭û˭ȥ
ţȴȫʧȥ˿ơ
ʱɺѣ˵ЦϵҲܴһ㲻
ʱѹĵ׵ֻͻȻܵ˵
ֲЩѹĵףʱʱޣʱڣʱֲڡ
˵һ̫ˣ̫һֱĳ
ϲϷʱԼⱲӶϷԳʳҲԼⱲӶ᲻ϲԣ˼꣬ɳֻϷҲû˼ʳҲûôóԣ塣Щ뷨ǰ˵ǲġ
˵˼ô֣ƷϲǼһеų⣬תֶôȻ
ԺҲԼ벻ǡ
Ժһһεʧغͱֻᱻڶ峿ʱƽԡ
ֱʧԽԽƵԽԽ  



132 ҵĺȴֻٵʮҲǡ
ʱúܿ죬 ıҵʱ䱾ͱżٵʱҪһ£һתۣǾͱҵˡ
֮ǰʵϰĹ˾ֲ ĸ״Ҳˡһҵ ͰȥһҪ˾ žͨԱҪϵְλһҵ͵ˡĸ˵ ֻǸŵġְҵ
ڹûʲôë˽ЩѵദУ ȴЩ˶Ūõսľ
ԼŲϣ Щ˵Ƕˡ
һοںɽӶĲԾ֮ Ҳÿˡ
Ҳˣ Щҡ߰ľۻᣬҲȥˣ ȥ˷ʲô⡣ǵˣԼҲôȥˣ ͽԼˣͺɾһۡ
ҲͺԼԼûˣ ǿźɣ оڱıԵ һͳˡ
ҪºǶȰȥҽˡ
Ҳĵĺɣ ǼԼ˾ÿ˶ʱɡ
У ֵĴҲ࣬Ҳźɡ
ӲǿźԭúõģͻȻһﲻغ û죬۾ȴȺˡ
һֱҲû⣬ԹԵغš
ظ硣ãٽҹʱ̲סˣҪȥɡ
䣬ɾžƱĶһ٣˼ձǳ׽סˡ
ʱںɵ˽ͧϣΨԴ̵ĺǶϷ
̧ͷһ˫Ѫ˿۾ֱֱؿݡ
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⻰˵Լš
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ţֻһŲţȥˡ
ڶ죬ҳǣǲǰˣˣסַĶ
ǰҲûűˣټǰԼķҲܿ졣
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壬徲ݣ°ȥ徲ǶһȥһҲԷ
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ԭѲϣˡܹҸȵˣĿİع°㹻ˡ
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徲סĵطСó뵽Լ֮ǰǸһǧСⷿ
ǹĵطsбȽĵλˣⷿҲ̫Զ ÿͨڶ鷳Ǹط һһǧȴֻʮƽף Сÿ徲סطҪС
徲סĵطģ ⷿ۸ûôߡ֮ǰ徲˵ʮƽ׵ĳⷿ һֻҪŰ١
ʵ徲Ĺʲ͡sһߴУ ѧٹһ¹Ҳǧ徲ڡ̡깤 нԼǧң ټʱһЩ죬һͨǧϵ롣
ȴͬʮֽڼ ŰٿС䣬ƽҲ·λױƷ ڸ֮Ҳôʢs۾˵ĵطһֻҪǧ µǮˡ
ǰմ徲ֻϰߡԡڼ ſܵһְĵĸоǮʲô ǮҲʲôǡ벻ԼǮƻٲ׬ȡԼеǮȴԼԽԽе
İ꣬ ȷһγ׵
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徲뷨ǲ֪Լ֪徲ȻߣҲܵ͡һŮӣӦû̫ǮĵطĵطȴСϾɣճŮϲôίԼ
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ֻһӣ徲һӳóԼҲˣԳ˵СóǸһίˡ
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ص٣ 徲ȥѧУ־Ͷ徲ѧһˣ֮ǰҲˡæһ죬徲ҡ
徲˳ѧУͶ Ϊѧһ꣬ Ȼ֮ǰڵİ༶Ѿˣ Ȼűһ͵ѧһ
Ҳã徲ԭȵİﲢȺ ǰЩһҡһҲûʲô塣
徲ѧУڣһжӦáѧУҵǷأ Ƕ͹ȴǲͬġ֮ǰڡ̡깤 ÿ춼еԡظЩͶĹܸǮʲôûСѧϰ࣬ ÿһֿ඼ֵõġ
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ɶһһ۴˿Եú˿ɲֱֱÿĵס
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ɶһͻȻЦˡ
㲻˵Ҳ֪
˵ţóֻ֮ǰѰ˸ҵĳǵϡ
ܿͿǸҪϢ
ڽʱ
ҲгĹԢĻϢضκУһҪٶ
ʱ䣬ͻȻĳЩ¡
ʱóǸЩݳƷʮ󳯴Ǳ㲻ӦˣΪ᲻á
롺ơųǺ֣ʱһ߾ϣһĪʮѣǾͲԸˣ
ҳǸǸʮİôҲͬ⡣˸ս˺һ󳯴Эˡ
ʱֻǳǲ󷽡ȷǹȻЩǮòȻ˵ҲСǮԼ޶ȵȡ˶ͬġ
ֻڿʱ䣬֪ڳﻮ򷿡жٴsһ׷׸װǮܳͿһڴ֮ǰܸɻʮǺܲף˵֮ʮ
Ŵָֻ߬ҲԽԽ
ĿҲ֪Ϊεسʹ
ֻ£ֽĿƵ徲ϣ˵Ϊңʲô˼



136 ҵĺȴֻٵʮģ
ûʲô˼ ˵ˡ徲òƽؽǰƷ˵
һֱԸͺɵɫϡȻŽֵճ̫ˣ 徲̲סɶϡ
ӽӲ
ˡͻȻЩ 㲻Ը˵ ܸҡ
˵ţͻȻվ ֶһ֧Ʊǰ˰ȰʶЩǮȻ´μ棬 ҾͲô˵ˡ
˵ţ ֱ߳ᣬš
ԭƻõһ̸Сԡʵķ֣ ΪͻȻ֪һϢ ٷĲ˶ϣɾͼҴŵ ȴײӰײ徲ͷϵ֧ƱɫҲЩѿ

ҪЩѡ
Ҳں徲̸ʱ ˷
ķ֮ǰһʱ䣬 ǾƵƵڽĻ⡣
ʱĺ֪Լܸǽ飬 㳯ǲųǸеģ ҲܸһֱһҲǺڷֵԭ֮һ
ɻصԼıҵĵɳϷ΢߳¼
һ򿪣 ǳǵ˵Ƕʱ䳯ǣ ȴڵϸϢǺǵǸѯĶȳڷ Ϣ͸ƵΪΪǱǮȨԡ۵Ů·ÿ춼ȰЩ䴦ˡѳǵϢˡ
ЩϢܳɲ֪ʲôûֱںʱβңһطȥãԻŴһƬסɫżд̡ɫԼǻûսǰ졣ãڷԼҪҵϢ
ǣǰҸ迴ƬϲˣһҴȥ飬˵Ķô磬鶼ûꡣ
仰ڷ裬ʵǵʱĺɻڵĺɣܿڻ֮С̽㲻Ž飬ؾɵҲڴһŵ
l̫ˡsҲûվȸţô˵Ҳôƴɡ
ǣҲҲǡҵüӰѾs򷿣ҵܿࡣ
ǣȥʵϰ۲ۡ
ųǵĻͽתȥˡ
ĺΪʵϰսӴᣬίѴһֱڹⷽ⡣ɳȥʵϰĶʲôίЩҲܸ߳ǣŪȥˡ
ζԻֻⳤûоͷƵĵ¼УʮѰʮֲ۵һСΡ
ζԻУ˵ԼҪ򷿵ҲֻsÿĿ꣬ûʲôϡġ
ֻζû뵽ǿֻǸһᣬȴ˾ġ
ɶ⼸ֳͣҲ˵ʲôζֱһϢʾ״̬
æȥ
徲ɢѰȥ³ⷿľ
Գǵ˽⣬ǸĸҲԣ򷿣ܸʮѾǼˡڳķ׸װ˵ԶԶ
ͷȻǳǳġǶʱóǸԼЩǵʽѾܳԽˣȻôԥóʮ򡭡֪߳ôϵ  ҵ˲úܿ죬ϵĹ򣬾͸ˡ
Ǹ˸ȥĩʱͻסԭǧһµĹԢһǧһµСݡ˼ǼݵƬǺҪģҪϸ
˽ȥĵģպ䷿ʱţû˾ס
⼸ƬҲûʲôסϢֻһЩ򵥵ļҾߺƷ
ֻЩƬϿҲӵþֻʮƽף⻹Ǽ̨
ǵǽϣϲչû½ŵطļҾ߳˴һСӺ͹ӣɶûܾס˵ĵط
̨ϼ򵥵طЩþߣҲǼªޱȡ˵̨ʵ¥Ҳֻвһ׵ľ룬֪ƽɹ⡣
ɿãҲûҵĲĶ
Ϳ˶Է˵ɹԢ򵥵ظģǰ˸߹һϴּ䡣
ǺסʱҲԶҪáf᱾͹ãǼסҲᣬȫӵοҲסᣬֻпҵæʱסһʱ䣬˵ֻ˯һĵطǲҪҲҪϴ·
οһʮĳ˵סĵطӵľͲֻǡ
һ˵ĩûؼңһֱڹ˾Ӱ࣬ˣ൥ӣǰǰ׬Ķʡ߰ǸĿȱ  ȻȴܾˣƲ⣬Ĺ֮£ÿҲֻСʱ˯ʱ䡣
ڼһҽԺҲһҽԺı棬ʾΪϢϢθ
ƽʱԺɳʲôޱȣӸٺ࣬ŻԪѪĶֲЩŮʱЩȫȻģúЦվ󲿷ֶݵôһʳˣȴԼθ
ȴûӡ˷װ޹˾ʱϰ˽֮⣬ֱռһ󲿷ֵʱ䣬Ҫװޣ˳֡
ʱȻ׸װ޹˾β࣬ûͣ¼Ӱ˽
ͷתֵòϢҲŲסһڼ￴װʱһȻվȣһֱڵˤӡ
Щװ޵Ĺ˵ȰȥҽԺοܿҲԼʲôûȥӰ࣬ȥûʲôëϢˡ
ҽȰϢۡЩȻֻǿջǸûʱϢ



137 ҵĺȴֻٵʮ壩ҡ
ҽҲܿǷ̬ܵȣ ҲֻܸЩҩԡ
װ޵Ҳ˴ˣֹʮ죬װ޶չ ҲЩϢӡ
Ǹʱ ҲǺվҪҳ̸ʱ
ڴ֮ǰ ºɵͳǷ֣㽫ϵظϳȥ ɴ룬һûͣЪȰ һҲsеļҡ
ǡԼ ķӸǰװ޺áߡСɡ˷ װҲŪˣ ոСɱҵĹͷsһҡ
ȻҲǺ̯Ƶ졣
ĵϣ õĲǾܾһ׵׵췭ظ
 Ѿˡ
ҹңŵûа죬 ȻȴʲôԵޱȣ ÿһÿһ˲ʹ˵
ʹͬʱģ лšҡ
ŵָⶼڲֻᣬ ʱȴǧء
 ƺЩӿʹĻҲһȥ˸һε顣
ͳ̸ĵ죬ϱ120ͽ˼
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ҽҲãʮӣǱȲˡ
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ȻֻҵһĹĹĹĹ
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麹ɫ԰
ƺһʶǶ˵ʲôĴڡ
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ˡ
Ҳġ

ɸǷ˶š
ԭǸѾ˺ֻܻһ
˳յıһİ뷢ĶţǣǺɡ
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徲ûɡ˵ĵط㡣Ҳ֪½´ȥҺɵĵطҲ㡣
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Ƿؽֻ
ԭټκһ棬ڡȴǲòȥˡ
ʵ֤Ԥײû
׼ʱȥ˺˵ĲҲˡ
ҲģЩӵϲǼһͨͨƽ۲Ҫ˵ʲôģͻĲɡ
ǰǻһʱÿǶǸǲǾõˣԼûгٵ
һγȻû˵Щ顣
ֱ£ĺɼˣһ۶ڷ˿ܸˡ
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ЩϣѾ졣Բǵָһ䣬ÿÿļ尾һ䡢ܱաԡѵˮĤÿʱÿĻ
ǻػ磬ȴ֪ΪξǶѱɲ֮⣬ʱ̵ǸκҲĥ
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Щɻӻˡ޼ɵ޿֡
𶥰κĪĻźУɻججع졣
µ˽̽ÿö೯ǵƬܹһĸԼ£ǻš
ЩƬܸο޵ģöһԼĻþ
ڿ˻ĳǾԼǰԼͣ񣬶Ժɶԣͷ·һںҹе䡺ҡľˡڱһֻů˰п־ҰҲڴ˿̱ůȵĻɢ
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뿪Ϊĸ˻áֲƵģʱǩĽԼͬ˲壬徲ûʲôʶֻҪ룬ʱܰ徲ȥԼԸҪ
˵ţóһݺͬǶȡĿ棺ҪĻԼ
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ƪ˼ǣɰ|꣬һʮ
ȻлСҡ߰Ҫ󣬱Ҫ󳯴Ǳסһںͬڼ䲻κεȵȡ
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ȻУֻǸʽѡЦ˵зЧ棬Ҳ᲻ðǳеΥԼĸ
ҪΥԼҲ᲻ö㣬ֻǸ|˶ѡ
ǵ˫߬úܽжѪ˿
Ҳף֮ǰҲֻˣ棬ΪʲôҪŲţ  



138 qwerҵĺ
ҪҺǰһľ ûľţҪСȴûκ̸еĳ롣
ǳȴʵǲ⡣ֻǺѰһӣ ǶȫƭĸУ ϡô ѵǻû湻
ڴ֮ǰҲ޷⣬Ū ʲôȤ˵Ϊע޷ЩǮ˵ĶȤζ
Ҳˣ棬֮ǰǣ Ҳǣ ȻҲܺһһࡣ˵
ǲǻҪллشٵ𽵹󣬺һôãЩ䡣
˵ ⼸Ժʱ˵Щ һп̱ĻˡɣҲȷѭؾ˿ʮ꣬ һ޿κεˡ
Ҳ˼ɽͣҲסż ɲ˵ҵ˼ǣ ϲ㡣

ϣԼĶһ澵ӡ
ʱԼϵıжĵ
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ʱĲҲ½½ˡûмŻش𳯴⣬ڷԱѲ˷ְЩ˰ںá
һǴŹǸǣûԣûЩ˵˵
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ǣĶԲ𡣡ٴεǸ·ոǸġơ߲ڹһû취ֻ֡İ취ơ㡣
ѵֻ֪óǸ˵ԽԽԶ
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νİ|ֻͬǳԼ⡣ʵںͬϲûгκơ衺ԡֻۡóǴߣܹ꣬лᡪлᡣ
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ʵڲ⣬Ϊʲô˿һ˵ŶԲһôɶ顣
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ϾֻҪǷ徲ʱһѡôɾͻлᡣ
ʵĲöǸŮôá̲ס˵ԼĽ١ݣԹκˡһУ顭ǣǸˣֻһЩ˺ۣӴ˰ȹǰƾʲôҪȥ׿Щ̸Ҳһ˽Ůˡ
ȴЦˣҲһ𣬺˭һ𣿺𣿡
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ǲƱˣʱŶۣҲһʱˡ
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Сҡģƺܣջǿš
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У̫ˡɾܾüһ˵ɣòã
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ûܳԴеķ̣ͻȻҡɡҾʹӦ㣬òã
ʵСɡҲܺǰϲͣʵкϲǶǵĳƺ
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ڳСɡǸ⿪ŮֻСɡŴ˽޳ܵɲԸԼ±Сɡ
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ˡ
˵ףһֲһ˵ߡ
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ⳡͻ̸ҡ˳֮ǰһмƻ
ڰǰǡô徲˵
ѵֱ˵Ե𣬿ǼȻѾӦˣ徲֪Щһʹʲôá

֮ǰǻúõģ˵ҪһȥĸĸͻȻ˵֡
ճһҧǾ徲ֱӷ֡
ǣܱǸСϸһ£ǿܲʡҲϲ㣬ֻӸĸİŽ顣ͻȻоպϵҶƽܱǸǷְɡ֮ǰ˵ṩѧҲʳԡҲҪܾ͵ҵһЩǸ
󳯴ָ徲Ǯֻ¼ǧǮԼӦ
ֻǲҿ徲Ļظ
һߵ徲ͻȻķϢȴ˶סˡ
ôͻȻ˵֣
ǲǺɣǲʲôơҷ֣

Ȼ徲˶ϢǶûٻظˡ
徲ʱﻹϿΡ
֮ǰյɸİ˰һֱ;ǮҪ
Ҳ̽˺ܾã֪ĳ繫˾ϰ࣬ȥ
ڸסˣֱ̿ȥǸ˾
һֵڵĹ˾ͨ˵ȻǶԺɵĸĸ˵ֻΪ˸ֵС˾
ʱְλܾ徲ǰ̨ǾΪ۵ĳ
ԭûԤԼǼɵģǺһ徲ֱˡ
Գʲô
һţ徲ֱʦ
ôż˵Ҳú̸̸ɺϾָָԼǰλá
徲Ӱ﷭ǰ˰֧Ʊ˵Ǯ㡣ܶǮҶܸǷ֡
ȱż˵㲻ҶԳʲô𣿡
徲߬½ǣ˵
ڵ㣬֪𣿡ɺʵ˵
徲ȴȻʣʲô˼
˼ǣǸǩǸͬ壬֮ǰΪѵˡ㻻ˣ᲻ҡ׼ȥ
Ц۾ۡ䡻貵Ľɫÿ顣
徲˿ȴоκһ¶ȣֻд̹ǵĺ䡣
ֱ㶵ؿźɣڵ˲ʧ񡪡ƺµˡ
û˵ҸѡҪô㣬ҪôһҰסˡѡ˺ߡ
ͬѡ񡣡΢΢Ƶ˵ѡܣҲھȥͶҵвԳҲʧȥκá
ôѡ񣿡
Ǿ飬ֻĵħ
徲ü󣬿дصشϢš
ǵģֹһУֻҪԼص㡣
ǡǡ
ôԸصǸһجУ  



139 ҵĺȴֻٵʮߣ⡭
İ칫ң ͸شÿ䡣
Ǹɴʱڵȴᡣ
徲ͷǰļ鷢ĶϺϣ ȴ޷ڸʱŵɫ
ɵͷ˿Ѿˣ һֱѡİɣ ҿѡ
Ļѹյһݡ
徲ȻǱض£״ƷץԼͷ ˻ʣԲ𡢶Բ𡭡
գۼ䣬Ͼˮ
֪ ڸԼ˵Բ
ǶԳǡ
ΪԼغˣ ΪԼѾϴĸ棬ΪԼѾһֻ̤ξ
Ȼıȴһ顣
һѹ죬 Щ˴ ⱲӶᱻӡǡΪԼ߳ԨʵһֱǱĽ£ 總֮ҡԶ޷ѣֻ֮ǰ Ե˵ڽ¡
ҲϣԼʱܹӲظߺɣѡߣȥ㣬 ˳ǣ
仰ȴζ˵ڡ
Ǹ徲 ޴Ц˽
ѾѡˡЦӰ칫ߵ徲ǰ ͷŶڵǱ徲
ȻͲµе㾪ȡ˵ ԭˡ Ը⹩¶ѧתͷȴˡ
Ҳǲǰ֪ǹ徲ѧ¡
ʱմǵϳע⵽徲ĲԾ һ֪ԭ徲ֻѧǷǵ徲ĹҪϴѧ
֪ϢʱֱҪЦˡ
˵ˣ徲ʲôϵ˺Լѣϸظ
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ʼٸߣһʹʩߡ
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㲻ʲôܺߡ㵱ЩǮûˡơ㣬ȥ㣬ͬûˡơ㣬©ٳĺͬ㿴ҲԼҪ˵Ҫ㣬Ҳ㣬ҡҺͳǣֻһȼ۽ˡ
һжʲô޹ߡ
Ȼѡ˱ϣ֪Լʲô֮ҪپҲ

ǸͬҪ󣬳Ҫͺסһ
Ѿ׼Ⱥɵ֪ͨԼʲôʱȥᵽȥ
û뵽֪ͨûȵȴȵŴСŵĺɡ
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ʶظòߵһʱ仹û̵ʲô
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ס˵Ҫһסôɷʡ
վڿ濴һۣתͷʳǣһ䣿
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ĹԢҲžʮƽס
ңһһС鷿һСĿһ̨ȫˡ
ǼԭȵͷС˺ӣӤ
סһ˵ȷ´࣬˵סһҲǿԵġ
ǵҪס˱ɺɺطԵáȫˡ
ⲻصΪķǵĻ鷿Ҳסﻹסɽŷʡ

ǲ֪ôش𣬺ɵûûƤ̶ȻǳܹӦķΧˡ
һʼȷΪ׼Ļ鷿
ǡ֮˻Ҫ˵
ôõһжû
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ֻ㶵ؿһӣЩһһĶʮƽ׵С
֮ǰЩݳƷ˶ЩݳƷһϲͨ΢һЩ
֪Ĳ˵͹Ǻɴӣ䷿ˡ
ӿĹңΪһ˳ھסƷĻʵûٶͼ·˫ЬһЩϴƷĵԣһЩϸС



140 ҵĺȴֻٵʮˣꡭ
ֻܱŤŤؿ䷿ӵϢ˲䱻մȾһ롣
¹˺ɵ· õϴּҲŽ˺ɵϴƷϷĵԣͳǵĲŷһ ˺ƽʱù˵ˮ
ɿ󴲡ΪһʼǼƻź͡Сɡһס ԳǵĴܴ󡣵֮ǰҲֻһס ˴ֻһ
ûͷ𣿡תͷʳǡ
¹ﻹګګ˵
˳ųָŵķ򣬴¹ﱧǸоף о׺󣬰˳ǵĵԱߡ
ֵĵһ ䷿Ϣĳױռˡ
ȫ վڴǽ忴ڵķ䣬صͷ۹ã װ޵úÿ
ǳǶµװޣ Ƶȫ̲롣ĩпʱæװޣʡ˹ѡ
׼Сɹϼʮļң ȻġҲϣСڿ乫Ԣʱᾪϲˡ
ԭһ౻ҿʱӰˣ Ŀȫǵһ˹ȴԭԤ˵еĻ

һڣ Ҳϵˡ
ɡŶ˵ö ϳæֻƬ˾
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Ȼϲɣ ںǿġǲǵȥһˣǮҲ̫Ҫ
ɵؿ۳ȴ˳ȥ
Ҫ̲סʡ
ұ˸ˣ Ҳѧ˼֣ θ㡺¶һ֣ͷԳ˵

ǰСɡһʱֻгԵĸķݡ
ǶԴûаĽ⡣ĸܺãڼﶼָ˵ġڳǿ ԼİһҸ飬Ҳͼƻˣ˽ҪСһӵĲˡ
ǶûָС˵衢˽ҵĺˡ
ͳ磬զĶλͻȻôˣͻȻϵͳ
ɵΪЩˡԭһǸҵСƨԸһСƨǶ㻨̫ʱ䣬ͻȻͱáֹ
ңһֱûôעߵϵͳͻȻcue
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µĻȥæɣٽ㡣ɶԳ˵
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Щ߿ʹõöͦݵģûæšҡǶҲôˡ
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Уÿ㲻ϣûóǿһ۾ûʳĵز
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˵ѳǲѧյСѧĵһ˰ȵȣӦǵ
ޱ߼ʵš
òóԡɸǵһ˫ӣڴؿ
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ţȻԼܺóԣʵǲôġ
˼ں󣬷ζҲȷǴˮ׼
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Ͳ̲˵˾䣺һ㡣
Щɥ˲ͷһֻԴĴ󹷡
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СƨڵĶλеˡ
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ȴ˲侫˵˳ǰѧû죬ԺԽԽóԵġ
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ҪɸҲҪǮˣȥЩǼԼ˽
ɰĵһ죬֮ദá
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ǰڲơ
ͷЩɣѾź˷һˣٹҲֻȥ鷿ڿҿҵذ칫
ʼɻǰҲ鷿һۡ
ǰǾӣϾÿĿ꣬ʶСɡŴװ鷿
ڴ֮ǰûǹƽʱ칫ĻڸҲһҲô顣
СɡȴǸĿŮ˵¹һҪɡ£װ鷿
Ȼ֪ɸѧϵģǵ緽רҵ
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ɿ鷿ȴܸˣ˵ǻ׼鷿Щˡ
ͰԼһ˹һЩƵרҵ飬ϢģѧһЩѧġ
ɱϾfѧԣɼרҵҲһͨһҵɼεľǸʵʵѧ
ѳȽϿաܶġ
Ȼˡ
ϣԳ˵ҲʮѰ
ԡﴫˮЩѰ
ʮӣɳˡɿԡۡ
Ǹ۲۵նϾǸԱܱïܵͷѾܲˡƽʱҲˣ˵̫Ա
ǣСӷ˰ɣ
ԡһ鸹бȿֳֵ|ߡ
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ƣȴʮڼžҹԵø⶯ˡ
ȴΪһµİжӲһҹ˯ֲֳȡ  



141 ҵĺȴֻٵʮţ
˫㴰ڵܣ Щ⴩϶Ծ˷䡣
ǵӺ׼ΪĩҲЪʱ ÿ춼æ顣
룬 ˡ
۾ ʶδع飬һӦǾЩʡ
ֱ۶Щۣ ڵҲʡ
컨ϵĵʶɢһ󣬵ǰļ žһ ̲סԿȥ
ľУѹֱ§ס Ҳѹ˫ϣ һ׽̬
ľ䣬ֻ¶ һع͸ͷϣ֡ɫͷҲ˳ֳĹ ̵ĽޡëʢŽâ
Ŷһ£ȫá
㶯ҲѺŪˣ ޡë΢ȶ¶Դԡã֮ɫ ţô
Сɡᣬ Ҷϣǻǵһ
Ϊʲôѹң
ƽʱ˵ ã Ͼġǳӻ̫ѣеŭ̲סʡ
˭֪һȴǸίˣһֱ߼ûطɣ һֱҡû취ѹֽš
תͷ˿ԼȻǴĴͺ˾ͼһСĴϡºǲŵģŴҲֻвʮֵľ롣
ɡԡԡɵɵؿ˻ʱ䣬밡˯һɡ
˵žͰͷ˳ǵľѣû˯ˡ
ǶҲˣֻܱ۾ź˰Сʱ
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ΪѾúˣȻô磬һĩʧȥ˿֡
һйҪԼ˯һƽض˵һ𴲴·
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˵žȥԡϴ£ͳԡҵ¨·ͱԸµ˵ȥϴ·
ǻֹѾ߳š

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ȴֱߵùһֱûõ꣬ļ˱رա
Щˣʲô
˯

˭ǽء
ʵҲüֻǳϰ߽ǽձϡ
ԺЩҡ߰ĵӾͱˣҲӰ࣬Ȼ
һ䣬һһ룬ԷĿг֡徲֡
ȻҾҪˡ˵

Ŷ

ǿǳƽʱԵķζһ㡢·Ҳֹ֡˹ŲܰҹܼӰ࡭Ҳá
ԭŻ񾭾ŶԷҲϰȻˮܵĵĶеͨ
͵Լ˸ɵơѣҲáɵơѸǰԹ
תۣɵյˡ
Ͻ꣬ǳǸɹĵˡ
ǰ꣬ԡСɡݡ
ϣѵѵñȳǻ硣һ۾ͿŷŴĿռߡ
ģٺÿۣôҲ͡
Ǹʲôͼȿ˵գףտ֣
ЩΡ
Ȼ֪ǺգǣҲ̫  



142 ҵĺȴֻٵʮ
տ֡Щܵ˵
ллЦ۾
ദ ҲҲŶʮͷѡȺ˰ꡣ
ǰôӿ̱̬ԳǣѾʩߵڸǣ ԵúҪڵȴɣ óͻȻ ҲŶʮͷѡ
ıֶҲ
ǸѼǳˡһЩദĿĿ಻ϣ Ǳ˿ԣҲǺϡⲻ˺֮ǰΪ Ķӳ̶֮ǰж޿ɱġ
ɳֲʲô ö֮ڱҲ;Ѻɵͨ һ꣬ һͺˡ
ôʵ
ԣЩίҹա㶼ûǰŵ𣿡
ǣ
⻹ίˡ
Ϊһ˵
˵Щѡ ҲһЩ
ʲôùġƲ죬ȻҪһ
аɡ
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ھ֪˺ɿЩǵĲҲ޷֧ӰĶǰºɵǸʮһʮ򡣵ЩǮһǮ붯ã ˣʮҲֻǿǿĶɡ
ô࣬˰࣬ȥ̳ƿʿˮķص仪ľǧǮ
Գ˵ˮݳˣԼӲˮôǮõĶҲ֪ɶⶫۡҾ˼һ¡
ȥ˺ЩʳģСػؼˡ
ʱѾ°ˣŰסɫñĿɳϿӡ
ԽԽСӡ
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вͺܺóԣһǵһԼʱ͵Ķһݮ⡣
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ɡ
ܱҪúá


ãǻģҲԼҧƤͻȻӱ˳
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СԼˡ̵˳ǵϣˡ


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ۣźһͨڣʱ۾Ѿصزˡ
һҲ˲Լճ|壬ֱ˯ˡ
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ȵڶһСӸһһˣһֱ֪ʲôÿģܿ仨
ǣϺð۾ϵľʢųع⡣
硣˵



143 ҵĺȴֻٵʮһ
ǵżв۵عš
ڼҲ ȻִܵǴҲľˡҲ浶ʵǹĺá
Űţνһ֮ԼҲһ롣
糣ϰ࣬ ȴͻȻյһ
ְͻȻεˣ ȥҽԺ ҽ˵ǳ˸ܴ
붯̫ˣиǲĻ ҲѹȶʹԣְʱΣա
绰棬 һ߿һ߸ ʵòˡ
Ҳֻǰһڡ
ҽ˵ģټҲܼ֣ ֻxxҽԺĺܶǵźξ̫ˣ ŲϺš
ĸ

ͨ󣬳㱡
صҺ Ҳڼˡ˵˺ЩǶûʲôӦ
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˾˰µļڣֱӳȥϼҡ
û뵽ǣҲһ˰µļ٣һȥ
εȫɣҲûеֹ
Ҳͨ绰˵ĸæҽԺչ˳ҲûӻһԺĸ˺ɣҲָм
СɰɣǶ˵ˣ̫ллˣҪû㣬һ˶֪ô졭
ڲ⣬ǿųĸźɵ߶߶˵ŻȻĺá
ŵ߽ڣڴŵλ˯
ų֣ǼǵˮϢǰǰãһƬȴþļ¡

˹ҽŶڳǺͺɵzʡĵ죬Ҳϵˡ
Ǽ˳󣬽ܹĵؼƻ÷ڵҪˡ
ϾһΣһ֡
һȺһ죬ǵõ˺Ϣ
ܳɹ
ظ

˰µļ٣죬չչ˸ĸ
֮ǰӲݼ٣ܵļҲǿ֧šҲųzʡ˶ʮ졣
ǼĶȴͻȻˣĸʹˣҲ̣جĸĴСҲ䵽˳ͷϡ
æתкɰæҲҪˡ
˻sеǰһĸų˵õĻ
СǣǸСɲѰɣĸʡ
ٺõѣܹæҹϵҽѾǼˣŴ˶ʮ죬һæǰæġ
ʱϾˣͬԡ飬ĸҲһЩǰԼԶ⼸ŷ֣һ㶼Զɿǵɫ̫ˡ
ĸϾǹˣó
ĸԥʵǲǡϲ㣿
ǻһĸƽְݵɫǻͷ
Сϲ˵˵ϲ㣬ûа׳ԵͣǼô鷳ǲǻʲôҪ󣿡ĸųǣǹУɫüᶨǼд㲻ϲǼҾҹҲᱨǧίԼ



144 ҵĺȴֻٵʮ
ҹ
ҽŶӴӵ¹Ϲ ư¡ҹҲ塣
ο
ֻЦЦԳĸ˵ûµģ 裬 뵽ȥˡ

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ʮ첻ؼң ˲ٻҡǺͺ׼ʰһ£ŷּѾˡ
˵һ ¥ȥɻϵء
ɸʱ ϲ ϵءذǾϵʪܵģްȫУ ·һ̾ˤĽų졣 һļǼϵʲôҲģˡ
ܽ Ҳûʱ䣬ܿ¥ˡ
ǰûţ ĥԼϾҪˣҲڿϵأ ȫúܡ
ߵǰ ׼ʱ ͻȻͣ˰ա

ǺϤ
徲ͺɡ
Դϴθ̸껰 徲ҲûϵǡҲû֣ Ϊ徲ŵķɡ
֪徲ʵʲô֪ѧУл̻̲գĺûƽˣֻ˵棬 һ̾ͻͻȻ֣ϻǸط
£ʼƽ޲˿
־ºθк˼ͬˮһӿ
ʼǵ顣
¹ȥˣҲûаңȵǣҲסڳǼҸĿ͵͵۲쳯ǵǸԪ¥ܿǺͺһţҲܿһǰһػ
в֪һǻںޡ
ںԼ˳ǣҳǿȥûá
ٿȥҲûСơȳʲô
ڿĽ£ֱĳһ죬춼δǺͺɡ
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ԽǣǷϢ绰ûл֪ǣЩϢʱɿˣڳǿ֮ǰɾͰЩϢɾˡ
żö˲Լȥǵļſǻϣܹһ߸š
Ѿǵ˼ޣ׼ټǾȥǹ˾ˣɽǵļžȻû
һ˽ȥͼɸմ
ʵǺɸأȥ䵹ˮ
徲Ȼ֪
һſڵ徲ҲЩȡ֮΢ôˣ
徲˲úΣգڹԢĴ˿ȴûзֳǵӰ
أҲˣ徲ͷɫΪؿɣѳǴȥˣ
ɣ
һЩ׹徲Ů˵Բʲô
ΪԼڸǷ|ˡ
ûнͣǺϾɳϣԼ˱ˮҰѳǴȥʲôϵ
徲ۣӰͳ˰˰֧Ʊ֧Ʊ㣬Źǣ
ɺˮ챻Ǻˡ
㣬ûи˰ҸģҲҺ㽻ǵ
ɸ徲˵ͬꡣ
ˮ̯֣Ǿ仰Լȥ㣬Ҿͷ˳ǡ
徲Ұһû˵
㲻ôԳǡ촽˵
ʲôʸ˵ЩɷʣٸһѡͬѡҪҰ㵲㣬Ҫǣ˱˻ԣҪռŵƸߵ㣬ûôõ顣
˿徲ŵϵ֧Ʊùվ֧Ʊݵ徲ǰƵ˵Ǯ㻹ԼðɡҶǱѣʲôŲҪ˰򣬾˵Լûбѹ
徲ǰİ˰򣬲԰Ŵû˵
ǮҲͲڴ顣˰Ҳ㹻sаʲô
һ̣Ӹµĺɣˡ
ǵġֻһؾܾ˰򣬵ֻҪ侲˼˰壬㿪ʼɶƵضҡ
˵˰˰ʮʮܶסĸ졣
Ȼأʣ߰ٶ㹻sһ䲻Сķӣʣİ°뱲㹻
׵ĳԣҸsздԡʵôֻҪ˰ԼͱЩǰҪ˸ʵ
һжܺãֻҪȥеκͰĽ
˵ˣα棿ѵĶ٣Ҫ
徲ָ⣬½ӹ֧Ʊ
ˣһڳ׵׵ؽ۵ŮƵ˳ǵĶ档
ⲻͶˣŮܻóá
ɵĻ䣬ŵķžͷ˱ƶ֨ѽ
˵ͬʱһ١
徲ţţһʱͿŶĳǡ
ǣôͻ˰Цʡ
¥ȥͰҪãĴӣʵ
û˵ˡ
ոȷˣ¡
ɴ˿̵飬徲ľȴӼѡ
Ͳ԰׵ڴ˿̱úѪɫӲת򳯴ǣһʱ䶼֪ôͣǸ硭
ô죿Ǹսôţ˶٣
ǿ˿徲ı飬֪ʲô
̾һ˵Ҷˡ
徲ʱסˡ
һԼԲ𡢶Բ𳯴Ǹ硭Ҳ
ˡ˵ȥɣҲ㡣
ʱҲЩʧ䡣
֪ԭ徲ʲô֪
֪ԼΪźͺһ𡣺͸ѡҪôҪôȥ㡣
ǲ徲ѡ˺ߣġϾϣĽ
ǰ˰ͬˣ֪˰˰ܹ徲ʲô
ͱ˽Ŀķߵǲһġ
徲Ϊ֮顣徲֮ǰ֣Ҳ͵ˡ
ϾûػҲûѾ徲࡭ɡ  



145 ҵĺȴֻٵʮ
俴ƿݵĻ ȴ徲һĶ˺̶
ҴˣĴˡԭһκòãһ˫ÿ۶ʱ˵ˮۿ °쵵ۡ
û㣬 ġΣ Ӳ輸ϳ˼ֽݸ徲ɡ
Ҳˣ Ժúõġ˵ţЩЦݡ
徲 ȴÿ¡
㲻ٹˡԲԣ
ֻĬ û˵
һԿϷĺȴ;ðۼˣǾͷ ֱǰм䡣
˵û˵˾ǶѾˣ ˵Ͳ
Ǽ˵ԽԽ֣תͷһۣ ˼֮˻ûأ
ɳ񣬶ʱҲ˵ˣ ֻ㬵˵һߡ
Ȼ徲ĻۿȴǸˡ
һˣ Ҳһܾˡ
徲֪ Ѿûκصˡ
ʵûСѾز κһ˶ԭ¡Ѿ˽Ķˣһ׵ԭ¡Ȿ徲顣
ڸոתͷֳǵ˲䣬 ĿֻžѾǡ
ʱĺȴ˷ȵͷԣ 侲
ûˣ徲
ȥɣҲûʲôдġ˵
á徲е ǿ³֡
űϺ󣬳תͷɣɫƣ㵱ʱȥСˣ
ɶʱһ㬵ءˡӣⲻҪԼһѡĻô
϶ĥһԼԸⰢôأܵøһɣ˭֪ȴѡеһСû֪
ǵǸʾҲ徲һѡ
ǶҪЦˣҵЩϷܺ𣿡
ɱ롺塻ƴڻŪȥڿǵģȴǲˡ
Ҵˡǲʵû취徲Ҫ̸ۼˣĶлᡭ
ûصһۣԹȥ鷿ˡ
ƨƵĸҴˣԺҲˡҲûԺˣҺòã
һ
Ҫ߶߶߶òе˼·̱ˡظκ󣬳εشĻǰ̧ͷɣȥշɣ߶ˡ
ȴǵõʲôһʱ۾վ
õģʲô
ɣˣзҲˡʲôԼĥˣʮûˣҲҡĺܣ˳ʰһ¡
ʹҲʹú˳ˡ
ҲֵߵߵӦ£ȥˡ

ůյǴzʡصsУҲһʱˡ
һһˣɴһʼС壬ҲԽæµѾǸ˾ת˼Ĳҵʼ𲽽ЩҪˡ
糣ѾӰ
Ǵϴȥ˳ؿһС
Ϻţ̡ҲȺǵúȡ
ǿ꣬شӹóϺһȺõţ̡
ֱӿһڣڿǻͱǻɢݿ
Ϊܵءԡ۾һˣɱĲ˵Ľ١
氲ݰϵͳͻȻ䲻п
ͻȻթʬ
ûǿѾɱǰˣһʮꣿҲãʵ߲˵ĻҲʹʮ꣬ҪǽҢ½֣궼߲ˡ
˰ɡʼ磬˭˭ãûʲô֢Ұϵģ
Լ֢ϵͳЩˣôеĻ֮ǰ粻Ҳһ
῾ǸӣҾþ֢Ҳĵġɲһ
ﲻһϵͳ̲סʡ
ȽϺ۸ǻش

ƱۣϲͳҲ
ɱǷӣҲȷöࡣһСϴϴֲֲװװϵͳҪҡˡ
ΪǸһ˭뵽ĸεĲǱжúǺ۸
֢ҲҪһʱأﲻֱӰһԼߵˡϵͳ˵
˵㱿㻹šҡͷǿˣ֢һô֢ôиɣȡ꣬ˮܣСܸýˡ⳵ҪһӾˣСٺ۸Ҳ÷裬ʱһͨھͰ׸ˡ
ʵڣǵͺԼõһ֮ҲҪˡǳȴûָһһɾʵʵعؼҡ
Ҳ֪ⲻܡСȻΪһ֮ԽԽֵ㷲ǳǿûֺҪֵ˼ƣһ굽ˣСҲưոݵġ
οʱĵȷҲǾƾˡĺݵˣֳܼģǰճϺ˵裬ȴǲ̫ܡ
ָνһ֮˦⹷ƤࡺҩȻ̫ˡ
ǵѰ辶
Ǹҡ߰Ĳ¶ϵͳеúܡҲǵһôˣĩǵĹҲϵͳġ
ϵͳᳵ·ظ˸ɨ裬Ȼϴ󲿷ֵĲ֢Ըֲ룬ֲǺɵĲҲס¶ڣԭȵĲ֢һЩŴֽš
ԡθҪɴ͸θ
Ҳаɣ㿴С˵

ʵĺݡ
ںΪѾǰӣѾ΢չһδʱ򣬳ǾͺԤϵص˼
ʱɻڹ˾Ӱ࣬θ۵ûΣһ˿Լ˾Ȼ
ɸʱҵĵƹոհ¡
æסҽָڶҽôˣ
ǲ˼𣿡ҽ
ʱĻ˵Լǻûֱ֣Ӧ£ǵģǡ
ҽ̾¼ı磬Ҳǲġ
ӦθǶԡԡҪһؼ顣ĿǰӦò롭׼



146 ҵĺȴֻٵʮģ
ǵڶˡ
ģ㲣 һƬ࣬Ѫ˿֣ɫѿ
һˣ ȴϴЦݣ Ƿ
 ȵɡ˵ţԱߵİݵ˳ǰ
ﳯҨҪݵǰ
ü ûйܵݵߵӣתͷɣ ֱôˣ
ûô ҽ˵̫ҪϢɱ鿴Ȼ
ȴһףɫûһ˿ҡԼ֪ ҲûҪҡ
ֱӸҽô˵ɣ ȻԼȥҲһ
ɫһ
ӷŻ˵θ
⼸ֺ ǺûʲôķӦ
ɫȴǻҰ
ģȷԡǶԡء㻹ôᣬ ģǶԡ θҲΣ ֻҪ
ֻҪڡ
ػ û˵ˣȴ˼
ȼ˵ɡǿ򸡿еһ㣬 ɫΡ

īƶɱҲĹӦõʱ顣
ˣ Ƕԡڡ
վڳԵĺǰһڣסӲǿվȡ
ǵķӦȴȺƽö࣬ ֻҽһжã
ҽֵúΪѣҲ˵áƵĻҲпϵڵġ
ꡣҲһǰᡣ
óǺͺ֮⡣
֪ˡ˵
ʵϳǵҽ˵ҪһЩ
ҽҹɣһꡣ
ҽûֱӰѻ˵㳯ǵȻ֪ⲡԼϵͳȥġ
Ӱ첡ֻ̬ܽʵ߼ûʲôȴЩЦ
ɲǸױӰ˰ɡ
ȻɻɫѾѿˡ
ǽסǣסǳǵĶ䣺£ǡҴȥ⣬ǽõƣһκõġ
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һǴʲô˲õĿأһʱųصؿ
ǡءҺú£㲻ҪҺòá
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裬Ҳ˵ʲôֻһһḧĺ󱳡
ȷﰩ֢ڵΪʲôҪﰲοһ

ɶܿ죬û죬͸ϵҽԺҽȥθˮƽߵr
֢ƵĹ̺ʹ̶̼࣬º۾ˡ
ҵڣȴΪ˳ǴrϵܷŵϵľͷŵϣܵľֱƵһһһιڣԤ˽˺ߣȳ˯Ÿϻعڣڶ͸ϻ
һ֮Ѿˣ˭Ҳû¡
ɻۿĹ׼ųȥĹ㳡һ䡣
Σš
ܺã㳡˲಻١
ǶиС񣬺ɼ״ȥһܸС
ϵεķϡ
ʧЦôôġ
Ҳͦÿġ˵
ƳγεƮţȷͦȤġ
ųţص˽ߡ
ߵķˬľ֮ҡΣڵ˸ĹӰ
ǡĺỽһ
΢΢תͷôˣ
ȥ˹ά˹֤òãСġ
Щȡûеһʱش𣬶תͷԶĴš
桢ˮ񡢺«έ
ûûˡԶĿƽ
ûϵҾͺáԽ˵ԽԽᣬǺƵġ
ͻȻϵͳ̾һ
ϵͳһûôģأ
զˣϵͳ
е˵
ϵͳ컳ǲˣһѾܵݣĶô׳
Ĭһ˲̽ԡʵҪ֣
Ҳûزǵȥġ˵
УУ
š
ǵͷ
źɣ˵Ŀϲ

ʮ죬ɾʹųȥ˹ά˹֤ˡ
ûɵļˣǵҲ˼ޡ
ļ̳ΪһСԱһȥrסҲˣСԱûúûˣ֤
죬ɼˣƺǺɵ塣
󣬳нһ¶ûɡ
ٴλ󣬺һȦȴû˵ʲôʲôûһ
ǰһճųǣڳǼ޵ʳ׵ĻϱŻԵģϻҪڳ˯ֳŵġίίڲĴϡ
ڳǻƵʱ
ԭߵģҲϾֻܴ
Ǻ˲֪Ǯ۵Ʒó
ߵ죬ʡ
ȴΡ
۵ĺȴûпޣһֱųǵ֡
Ҫ̫ѹǶ˵
ûп־壬Ͳһɲ顣ҲѹҲҪѹ
͵ȥһԶĵط
һĵͼϵԽ΢ˡ
ҿһȥ𣿡
ʡ
ǰҲ˺ܶ࣬ûг̬ĿţԽԵüǸʣ䡣
ųǵ֣һǰĽߣʵСżᶨ
ǿþãõɿݵ嵽˼ޡ
á
ĵͼϵ׳һֱߡ
˳ǵĴỬ򢣬ȴ

첡Ｗ˺öˣǿźɴųǵʬȥǹݣﶼһּĸо
Ҳˡ
Ȼ󣬾ٰ
һƿİߡҩ󣬱ų˯ˡ
̫ˣû취Ƿֿ
Ѷĺɼ˼״ֻᣬһ𱻻𻯡
ˣȡǻңͬһĹ¡
  



147 ҵĺȴֻٵ꣩Ͼᡭ
Ҫ¡
ʵʼǶʱ֮⣬ ɶ¡
糯˵Ͳ¡
ѾҪһ뿪 ô ʵҲû̫
ޣ ֻΪۡ
ÿοǱĥòΣ۵ò֪ôԡ¶ûſڣ ȵˡ
Ҳû̫ź
Ѿͳһ ֻһִˡ

ҵĺȴֻٵ ꡣ

ܰ𣿡
ϵͳռУǵһûȲѯʽ ˸ϵͳ벻⡣
˵а롯ϵͳ
ôСҼǵӦǸͦҵ񡣡˵
ȷǸܳҵ ˳⣬󲿷ֵĿ촩߻ٶùܡ
ܹڱ촩߼£ ЩС
ڿ촩˵ʵ̫ˡǴһһ磬Ųͬˣ ȹͬϴǼĸѸС촩߶Ǹǧѡٮٮߣ ҲкܴһֵĿ촩ɵһͳ˺ܴ⡣
ҵûǰ 촩߶ѡͣ硣
ܺ ÿ촩һ󶼻ѡа롭˳ǡ
ǰɣˣϵͳЩȡ
Ϻͦҵģ ֮ԳҲĺá
񳯴ûĸεģ ôױô
̸ϡ˵ֻǾûҪǸܣ ðײá
ֻǡɺһˡ
һɵӡ
ϵͳҲû׷סֻһݣҲ˼ļУ˵Ŀ촩ˡÿһȥƵĿ촩߱󣬶ǲӴӵĹ¡
׷ףǶԱ˴˵ء
ðɣ΢һۡϵͳ˵
һֻ̣΢Ĵʹһͽˡ
ʲôһˣֺֻصĶ
лˡǶϵͳ˵
ϵͳռеɳһӣûãϵͳ˵ˣǿˡ
űϤİ׹ѣߵľٴαʱѾһ䲡
ƿǸߴ˧ꡣ
ˣɫһΪضԳ˵㻹֪ѣ
ǻû˭ֻգգ۾
ж¶Ҫȥɱպȥ㣡
ɱ
ɱȻֱ˾ˣ
һȥ죬ʱ˿̣ڴ͸¶Ϣĸ硣

ǰߴ粻ͬǸѱԴ硣
˵ǵǸֱУͬʱҲС
˵ǷСʵʼʱȥԶ
bԼҵĴүһͽòУվȦӵĶˡ
ǵļԼһͬԺղԺյļҷǵûǶٱ˲鷳
ΪֻǸ˽ӡ
ǵĸΪڵòƶĳ˳С
ϧлò׻ϳǣҽȴ̥ȻΣաǵĸ׺òײŻϺӣ츻ߣηŵ֣
һҧִҪ
ǳˣȴ˲ϡ
һʧȥĸ׵˽ӣ¸ǮƣҲʲô̫õӡһʼǸ׻ǷһģһķһʦһżҲȥ
ЩӵģڳʱĴڱ㷢ˡ㲢ǣͳ൱ݲɳӡڷֳǺ󣬺Ҫ볯飬˽ֵ÷з˾֪
ǵĻͬʱҲһܵϣһ飬ټĳҲҪ˳˺ô󹦷ǷСǸǿˡ
ǵˣ˽ӵҲعˡԭڳŵĹСѧһ꼶߶ǼҲͬˡЩԭų˽ӣ֪˳ǵݺѣڰĿŵżǡ׽Ū
ˣΪģ˳ǵáżѧУÿֻϡ
ûκ˹ֻĳǣҪͬѧżá
ͯ޷ġ
һֱǿ쵽꼶ʱ򣬰תͬѧ
ﱻʦΪͬͦϲԼͬΪСǳúܿɰ۾ƤۣСŮ
ɰͬȴĵͱ۸ܲˣֹȺ˶Գǵ۸
ŵ֪Ǹ˽ӡΪɴүҲǺִܵ˽ӵġΪԳΪĺøУΪѾֹǳУ԰裬ֻΪ˺˵Ե־ôͳǵĴųȻϡ֮гǣ
СʱǸС׶˭ģټļңţҲûٸ۸ǡ
˳ǵһѡ
ǵĹϵԽԽܣӰ롣
ǴͬһСѧҵͬһСȦ˭֪Ǿ׵һҪڵûùӳԡ
ڳǸϳʱĶӣĴү˰ܺ˺Ʊˡ
岻ãһʹͲʵ󣬳ϡҲǳǽӻسҡ
˽һ˴ү
ԭ㣬òѧϰѧϰѧУǰéֳÿ㣬ǻһԲġԡӡ˵˻˵һʱͰѳҵүӺòС
ˣڳҵĵλҲȷˡ
̶̼գݾ췭ظ˶̬Ҳһٰʮȴת
ﻹǰǣҲǰһദ
Ǳõֵܡ
ȻֿͬһС

ǰɣүĩȻû˯
մͼݻصĳǣϵǾȡ
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ȴɡ
ǵһĳͣȴһֱǰʮǻȴ֪츳öˡ
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츳õʱǼʣĩǻҪҵҵѧϰϻмﰲŵľѧγ̣ΣеΡĩǴϷ˯
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ȴǰʵЩȡ
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148 Ҳ϶¶һɡ
ѧУŮӣЩȣ Ǹҿ
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㿴ֻݸ˳ǡ
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Ǹڰİ໨˵ҲǶεĶλ֮һˡ
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ֻĳƫɿɰͣ һŮòȴһ̸λ ǲ뵽Ů
ôǲǺܺÿջֻ ֵߵߵظ˵
һҫģ ó΢΢㶡
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һΪĳŮ̫㡢̫ǵһ䣬ȻȻؿ졺ԡҪĽӴֻҪǵȤϲãܲʵĺøСһ㣬Ůͬ
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һ˵ԼƷÿαƹȥʱҲϱԹ䡣
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Ҳˡ
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ĸպãʳõķóԣ˼ھûˣš
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ǿĴĺɭĽ˹һŨɿ̡͡͵ζֲԵ塣
ѹֲϲƷļһҲ˵óԡ

֮СҲһ
أҲܿСȾǰſڣ
˵ģΪѧûãǰ˭֪СȵĿģÿﶼҪһ
ǴֵˣǶСкøеǶĻĽŮٻǡǡ
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ͬΪһﲻϰ߱Աߡ
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ҲȻʦҲҳĹɼôãһſܻӰѧϰǼ֣ʦҲû˵ʲô



149 Ҳ϶¶
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⡭
СһͶ˼ Բ㡣ԼҲεģ ѹϲ 㲻ͳ 
ҲԲ
û仰˵ڡ
аɣ´ȥ˰ɡ˵
ҽʲôáΣ øŸֱнѧϰˡ
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ѧУʳõĳʦ˻ǺܲģΪóԣرϲ
԰ȥҵһݡ˵
ޣȥ˾ûˡ˶񾭸ⷢ˰ȥһݰɡ
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СɵŮվſڣЦ֡
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СȱȳûҪҪ¸ҡ
ҪŮԼᣬҪֵüŮһȹҪʵʱȥǣ֡ӵǡЩѰȻ֪飬ȴСһ֪ˡ
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ⳡѰȴǼΪѵáΪǰѧϰ˯ʹϷء
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￼һѧϣã
Сϲ˵ȷʵƴѧϰ˵ʵĳɼѾǺˣزÿһǵ
Ҳû˵ȴһֱЩѧڿ



151 Ҳ϶¶ģֻ
ʦһεľȥȥǴǰ̧ͷ 
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˸һεľǿԲȥˣ ȥҲȷǸѧУѵõĺóɼ ʦУϣȥһΡ
ȥûзֺԥ;ܾˣʡʱСȵײˡ
У Ҿ͸ʦ˵㲻ȥǵͷ Ҳ⡣
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ȻǰŮһЩ ϾûŮѣ ҲǸ졺ԡ ҲҲЩצ
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ģŶȺ˽Խ룬˿ֻź;
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ʢŭүӣձͽ˼ʮꡣ
ǺʢļУСȵļ塣
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ҺҪȥˡȥĸңҲܸ㣬ҲҪȥʣû˻֪ġ
﷢飬ܶԲ֪Ըҡڴ֮ǰԴ˺֪飬ҲԸǰǰ㿴ңְֲ֪֪ͬҵһηȻôΡǰΪϲңһżӭж⡣ڲ֪»ϲҲ̫
ĺϲ㣬һӶϲˡҲΪ£ҲܱǸ
뻹ЩѹҺò׽ôãȴҪһŮˡһףܹõˡ
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152 Ҳ϶ԣ¶壩
ϿǷţ һ죬ߵλ϶ûˡ
ʦѯʣҲֻ˵ˣ ϢЩӺյѧ ֻҪУУͣ ʦһ㲻ϸɼҲʮѧ
ϡ
ƿţ ڴһﲻ
ڵƶûֻûϵĴ͸΢⡣
ǽŵĶϣ ʱĬڷһƵ
һơơ
ƿơƣ ƿǶ򿪣һƿݸ
ûнӡ
ˣ Ȱɡ˵
еơƿӹ ǰͷơһ
Ҳ͹һڡǺܺã һھЩǺ
Ĩ˰죬½½˼ƿ ݸ
һƿһƿ˴ ͹ࡣ

֪˶á
ʵ¹£ ֱڵϣ صĿվƿ
һ˺ʮƿȻˡ˺˲ ֻ첱ӡ
͹һƿ ¾ƿ
֪ҲΪʲôҪߣɤɳƣҰ޵ͺ𣬡ҿԱ ֻҪΪʲôһҪߡ
ͷ£޵Ъ˹
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Լһμ̳ߣСȵļȴһֻԼѪ๷
㲻˼гԣִҪ̻СȣܻŶãߵõ
һУȻΪԼ֮Ĺ֡ںСȴں
Ǹ̫Ĺ֪ԼҵΧֻ׵ĸΪɻΡ˵֮Ҫ
Щ̸СҲһˡ
ĸףеܵܡѵ𣿾ĸ׺͵ָܵô˴ˣ
Уû뵽һУСȵĿ
˼̫ϸ壬վ̫ߡ̫˳벻Щ
ؿЦţȴǰˡ
Щ˵꣬һƿƵݸ
һĺͳſϴּ˸ذ
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ſǿ϶Ҫ˯ȥ
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ԼҵǶ֪ˣҲ˵СѾѧȺ˶ܵ
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ﱻҡѣɫܲûôˡ
һϵķйȷЩͷˣ򳾷ˡ
ǰͿӵݵǰ˵ȳԵɡ
ûʲôһϵľơּ˵ķйʽҲкܴĸ
š
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ô˵Ŀǰ￴ȥ

û֪СȻ֪Ʋ¥ѵļӴ˳˶Ǹϣμ尾
Ҳû֪ڿǷţһһʱЩʲô

ߵѶܵû뵽ٻȻҲûֳʲô־
ֻǲôˣȥ
ٽ߿¹󲻾ãǾͱҵˡ
ǺԤһtop2ѧ
˶Ͷרҵǳרҵ⣬ѧϵ
ѧʱɵعš
һתۣ˶ˡ
䣬ڴѧﲻ֪ж׷ǣ˾Ȼû̸
ﲻ̸ҲֻСȡҲҶᡣ
ǳǲ̸ȴƵƵó٩Ͼôãѧҵԡòȱ㵽Ľ߶Բλ࣬ǵھȻǸĸ̥
ȰǸϽѵҲֻЦЦ
Ǵſʼûá˵һ½һѧúϲ
ǸѧýģҲܲһһЩ
Ǽһ棬ӭ»ϡǵѧҪ΢ţûϲκŮҲκŮᡣ
ĺƯԡ˵ҲȻǲô죬ΪԽļҲȦˡ˵ĹҪ׷󳯴ʱõ˳ѵ֧֡
óһѵˣٲ֣ǶҪԼȥǽܶˡ
죬ԭȺһ˵õļ򵥾۾ۡ
ȴھۻ﷢ġ
Ⱥƽʱò֪˽ȻĻðϵϷ֪Ϊʲôûתþתġ
ѡĻ
졺ԡУϲĶ𣿡
ֱֱؿ򳯴ǣŹ⣺Ȼ
Ŷ
Ⱥֿʼ塣
˼Ȧûٴתġ
ѡ˴ðա
ѡһλ졺ԡȫһȦ
Ŀųǡ
ȴޱ˵Ǹϯˡ
ƽʱȺѵ˵ǰҲôʽ
Ļڳ㳯ŭȺ˵Ϲ壬ȴҲ֪ŮİĽ˾Դǡ
˵ֱ꣬תˡ
ڳԱߵʧЦСӣǲ˼ˡ
ɫѹģοСİ֡СӵڻǸĸ̥᲻˼Ҳ
ȥ˵꣬Ҳų뿪ˡ
ͳǶûסУ
סУͼ㣬ǸеȻԶȲϼеȴҪúܶˡ˼䣬ϴӵֿСɳ
ǴѧˣУסҲ㡣ͺͳһѧУ˼乫ԢƽףСͼõӰԺҺҡ
ȥʱͿȥˡЦõҲŻȥˡ  



153 Ҳ϶ԣ¶
ﵽǵס ź󣬾Ϳһɳϡ
һ߽һ˵Ҳ͸㿪Ц ôӦô󡣡
˵ţ ˳Աߣ֮ Сۿˣĵġ
СŮͦõģ һһϲ㣬 úáԡҲáȺСӶϲ ֻɩˡҲСˣڻǸĸ ˵ȥ˭š
˵⣬ ̧ͷҲҸһ𣿡
Ǿϻ̬ȻѾˡ
ﱻʣ һʱ䲻֪ô˵ЩΡ
ҪǰЩ죬 ҹæ
Ůͦõģ ϸ룬 Ҳĺʺϳǣ ҲŰһҲûʲô
ҪܳɣҲһ¡
˿Ҳز˳̬ȵĲԾ Щ
һʱ벻׳Ϊʲô ܲʲô֪ʱ˳ǰɡ
ҲǾôôõŮôϲ㣬˿ҵһ ڡ˵
ʱΪ׷ǵȷǻ˼ЩѶ
Ȼ仰ȴǻϽͣѹյһݡ
͵͵Ľһ˱ࡣǱȥôҲһѿߡǳǲܡȦȫصģκ˵пܴĶ˵˰໹Щ˼ϣϲ֪ԼİĽǲܡ
ʱ̶غԼ
Ѿĥǵģ˵Ľ˻һδΰƣ
֪ǽȶˣͲıѹһޡ
͵վͺ𣺡ϲҾһҪϲϲ㣬ϲ𣿣
ﱻһ㶣˰׳ǵ˼
ʱӽֱˡ
ǡڿЦʵ
ʵ̫һЦˣֻһ
ҪôϲСľˣûҪǺҡ˵
Ǳˣ˵ھ˭ǳǡ
˳ǲ֪Լ˵ʲô
Լôμصܣױ¶ˡ
ǻȻ˵ˣҲ˲úڡ˳̨£ҲܹԵźǣǿܻ»ɡͰˣ֮ôһŶ¶ôûԽԽҲǳ£նҪ¶ġ
Ȼǽ죬Ǿֱ˵ɡ
ҲڿЦҲǺ㡣£ƽҰ㡣ӳʼڣˡ
ϲǰ
ǳ˾ݵİΪֹڳأ׳ȴ˾ḡۡ
֪ǶˣҲִж
仰ʵ̫ˣֱ߸ʮ֪
һֱͳõֵܡ
õġЩѣһҲȲϳǡ
õ㳯ҪҲԸ
ζû뵽ǶȻǻ˼
ôأô꣬һ㶼ûв
˽ˣһ֪ʲô
ͻȻԼٶ
ֻܿǰ͵ؿմϴһ΢ĴС
۾ڷӦ˲Ͱݺ˳ȥ
һôǸնڸ񶷺ͼ˶˸ûȣʮǶһùһһƣײɳ
ɳЩľʵĲϣǵĺײȥȻ۵Ĳ塣
ȻЩҰ׵ɫһʶȥǿпסˡ
ǻ˻ʹˣ
ˡزҲˡ
ûҪôӵЦ
Ȼڻʮֲţһ侲ǵ绹ֱŵĴ
Ҳϲ㡣˵ûһܡ
ǵͷЦ
ǵģ֪˾
飬Ͳκء
ԳǺá
ȥ˯ˣԼ侲侲˵ţվ˳һۡ
¥Ҳ̲סˮסջ䡣
֪Ľȴ̲סˡ

ڶ죬ص
켸һҹδߡʮĺֵܶȻǻ˼֪˵ʲôá
ܴӦǣҲʹ˸һϡ
Ǹô죿
ðȥ죬˶ú侲һ¡ڻôˣǶٷֿһʮʮһġ궼മšڹϵõҲЩùͷˡ
ҲĳʱദóһЩҲֻϣǴ
¥˵ȷֿһʱ顣
ȴ桺ɫ糣ڲǰ¥ˣЦݵس֡
ҽһҸտ裬ζܲԵ㡣˵
һЦޣϵЩ鶼ûһ
ﵽҲϣһҲ֪ǾΡ
ųһ糣ЦҲ֪ơֻҲӲǶ棬Щ
Ȼζȷܲ
סһôˣǴû¹ΪһǸɱ֣Ի˶ǿΪżҲԼ³һգҲһ㡣
˵ȴǰĳɫҲͻȻϵ飬ȥ͵˵ˣǻǺֵܡ

Ҳ˵˼ֻû뵽ǾȻ˵ˡ
ʵĴʽȻģˮġԡ񲻷ľʹ˸һϣչ黹ҪЩڶĳ̶ȡ
ţ׾ͺá˵

֮һ죬ҲЩ˼㱡
ϵʱյһѧøϢ
ѧϴεæԶٷп𣿡
￴˵ͷͱעһ˭
һѧã֮ǰŵʦ⣬˳ṩһЩϡ
Ů˵Ǹͬһеģ֮ҲqߵѶȤ˵Ϊġ
Ҳ̸֪Ҳûڳǰһǰ
֮ǰ²˳ֵˣǴǰԲصȥŮԷġ
οҲ֪Ů˼
Σ￴ãһ̬ػظ˶ԷУطģ
һͷҲֻ̽ʣ˱ܾ׼û뵽ȻĴӦˣʱϲ



154 Ҳ϶ԣ¶ߣ
һͷ
ֻߡ
Ǻͬһרҵ ǶͬͬǽصȳˡﻹЩӦҲûȥ ˽Һ˸ԶЩλá
ʵԶûпȥƽ
ֻﵯһϢ
̴Ϻã п𣿡
ǳ֮ǰһͬԡ罻ƽ̨ʶġʱ֪ؽУ ڻɺͿ϶ңĳЩ˵Ƽ¼罻ƽ̨
Ҳֻһӣ ûˡ
Щ罻ƽ̨ȡģ Ҳ඼ΪԼ|ڹߣ ˵ÿͬԡȦˡ
ǶԼûȤҲûȤ
ԴҴ˽һ ûˡҲǸ罻ƽ̨ϣ ʶˡ̴
̴ҲΨһ߶󡪡
ƽǽ꣬Ӹһǿάֵڡ֪ǲΪ̴ܶ䲻ȣ ̴ǶԳúܡÿ춼ᷢϢһЩ£ þ͵أ鲻þ͸졣
ʵǶûм˫ģ ƶ˫ʵҲһ졣ΪǵѧʡʶһЩĿغϵģ ͬһײˣ 㡪ҲΪ
ʱ̴Ϣ ǿá
ȻһϻûпΣ ǶĴѧ˯磬ʱѾŵˡ
ֻһ仰ˡ
̴
̴
̴ǰɣ̲סˣ
̴أʲôӦ
Կһļ;ȣ һϢ
ģܾˡΪ˲κλ룬ûκء
ģڿԳˡ
̴
̴ң̫ˡ
̴ҲǺ°ɣȻ֪ûˡָҪϡʱջعҴȥˡ˧ûУҪʲôҶܸ
Ҳֻ˵ġ
Ȧ⡣ͬԡȦӱͻ졺ҡҶûôָԺ󡱣ˬһһ졣ЩԽ˵͸ʲô쳤ؾõĴ㡣ǱÿһЩ淨Ϊ˵Ҳ
Ȼˣȴصһ꣬ɶ˵Ȼٸʵе飬ǿֻǾûҪʵ̴ԼҲܸܵһǸˣڼϡѧʶͼſԡ¶һ˵ĲŻԴĿԿĽײ㣬Ҳ͸¶Ƿš
ˣȦôãƵڻǸࣶû׳ȥĴСʵȡ
Ҳû볯ܻӦһ۵ĳ̶Щ껹ˡָϣǱȵ컹ѡ
û뵽ֱӻb𣿲ھˡ
̴
ԲСӾȻĴӦˣ
պbС
̴ڰʲôʱпգ
ģʱ
̴ǾͽɣmastersӦ֪ɣ
ģߵµͼѵõ𣿡
̴ȵȣȥԡ
һصܣѲš㵽ȥС
ģС

ﶼش˶Է
졺ɫ󣬳ǻĴ˸ߵµͼ̴˵Ǹ
ģȻܽĻʮӾܵˡ
֮󣬹ȻӦǸߡǸߣӦߵĳռ䡣
˸ݣûã͵ˡ
һȥȫǸòڵСԡӦǸռܴҲúܸߣװ޷ڱŷ
߽һƧֿĽ䡣ﲻطô࣬ǰᡣ
ɳϾ߰˸ˣһȥע⵽Ǹڿߣۡ信ߴꡣ
ʱԻһСкݾƣϴŵĳҲش򿪣¶ƬĹͭɫźĸ
üߵǰ̴
˿ǰĳǣȻҲǰһ
ģˣ˵ţʾߵ뿪ʶˣóߡ
λúЩŨҵˮζǲϲζ˱ϣм仹һλӡ
Σ⻹ǡġ磬һ䡣
ֱ˱Ǹλϣһӱ㿿ĺܽ
򳯴ǵĿЩޣ˵û뵽㱾˾Ȼӡ
֪ġòӦòѷɫȴû뵽Ȼɫز
˳ǣ֪йŻ˵Щʲô˼ʻݳǡ
ÿһƤģ͸΢죬һ˫΢Ƿͦ촽ܱȴաɫޡͬȴ֫ǾݵһŴ񡣶˵
ųǣ͵ЦҲ⣬˼һ𣬻Ȳÿ
˵Ǹϲˣ㶼ģϲõʲô
Щеûģƽʣ̴֣
ǣĸϡ˵̴ҡ
ǳǡ˵˵Ҫҽܵأ
ǰźˡ̴Ц˵ھ̫ˣ㿴ô
´һۣͻȻʣнô
һŵ̴ҵѶҪˡ
̴ڳǰ죬ʵƽʱúܡΪ@գȦҲ˵һǻǵһμ̴ôദ˾Ȼſھ̴Ҫ棡
ǲ֪ǣǺ̴ʶġһкʵ֡ԡȻ̴ҲԹڳǰͲǡֶصദģʽҲΪʵеļʵֻܹ
ǵ̴ҵɫҲȻ˺ڡ
֮Ȼóֻһݱ棺ûСһعǰ˸죬Կ
ǾȻĽӹֻؿˡ
챨ͨƪǵģӢģ̴Ӧ֮ǰӦþסڵ¹
ϸ˿ȷãֻ
̴Ҳһͨ١ŪÿЦá
Ƿˡ˵
򳯴ǣ˵ı黹һû䣬꡺ɫ۾ӳòȴֺʲôûС
ڿ𣿡սǣĶʡ
ûȳǻػ;ֱ˳ǡ
ͳɬȫͬ
ųǵĴֿ˱׺дżǿӶ᡺ԡǵĿյЦʳǣû˵촽ʺϽǣ
ȥͼޣȥ˲ŷַǵˣζϣò˼飬ҧ仹޵
ǵü׺ᣬüƺЩ͡
̴ҲҪĻشЦŨˣҲԡôܻ˵
ǰˣǸ׵׵СС
Ǽ񵽱ˡ  



155 Ҳ϶ԣ¶ˣġ
峿 
Ϻۣ޷ܣֻ˵̴һ＼ȷ
̴һǿۣ ȻҲ̴ֻҵһͷȣ Ǹı־ǿп޺˳ˮۡٶȵȷǺѸ٣ Ǹطûã̴ҾͼҴҵذϡ
ǵȷˣ ǳȴáϵͳйܡġ
Ҳܲ￪ͨһҵϵͳйܲϵͳΪ١ǵ壬Ǹݳǵ˼άģʽΪģʽһģͣ ڿ촩һЩԵĲҪľʱ ʹáǿ촩ҲҪãΪϾֻǳ ޷ȡˣ һЩҪʹã׳ӡҪȻҲҪʲô촩ˣ ֱģȫȡˡ
Խأ⡰ϵͳйܡӦ÷ΧҲֻط ĵճ͡ٶˡ
ϵͳйܣϵͳһ㶼֣ ѡ Ǻܾȡ
ΪǾǸ׵׵壬 ģôͻȻˣѵΪ̴ҲĿꣿ
˷ߣ ġҡ趨Ǹӣ Ժ󻹵øö˸⵵¡ȻԡҡޣЩ˶Ƶ||½ |Ժô죿ǿһȽϺá
ͷβ͡
Ķʲôֿԡ
ϵͳ˾ͺãϵͳйʮһΣ˾С
ⳡԻ졣ǰ彻йܺԼܵϵͳռ˯ˡ
˯˺塣Ե̴һ˯ǿֱۿ
üÿԼЩǿȥԡϴˡ
ǸһǼƵ꣬װʩ걸
һҲ̴Ūˣȳǳ󣬾ͼ̴Ұ뿿ڴͷֿʱ䣺ôô磿
ڵ㣬ڲߵһˣ
ΪСҪ˯磬͡
ҽϻпΡǱ˵߻·ûаεس̴ҵǰݵػ·
ȥ
ãҵĳͣԱߡ
mastersʱǿġ

̴֮ҵĻˣԼǡ
ҲǴδζΪǵ顣඼ԡܾûzbЩϤΪóǴȥbиط䡣
ʱʣ鲻ĻҲ
ǰдЩƦĳǣ̴ǰȴǸԵġ̴ңڳǰǻȽ϶࣬Ҳû֣ΪѾദ˺üˡ
һʱҲȥ̴bеסͬڳǺǣΪ˷㣬ֻѧУ˼乫Ԣ̴ʱʮ꣬ѱҵ𲽽ļҵݳƷҵģξļzеķֹ˾ֵġһbеסǱݻ٣ǳȥĸı֮⣬ниܴ԰ʽסլȥһΡ
죬̴һԼǳ͡
ȴǾܾˣ˵Ҳл
Լǣ̴ҲЩģպȺгӽһmastersĵط
˵ѣʵϸ˵˳֮⣬̴zûʲôѡеʱzһʱ䣬Ҳôõԭ򣬵֮ȥ˾ûˡЩνѣҪôҪôǰͽҪôһЩ顣
Ȼһͬص㣬ͬİá
ֽͬԡҹ
ʱ߶ˣ̴ҡ˶ζͱøޣٿʲôˡ
һѣڰ̨ϵˣ߹ȥڨ
һȺҲȤ
ÿ￴ڹСӣ
ǿҲǷľ˭Ҳ˵˭
ǴȤ䣬̴ҲؽĿŵǱߡ
ȻĿȴ˲һ
Ѻͱڨߵڼҵӵǡ
ϣźԼǵģǳǡ
䡱һվ͵Ǳ˹ȥ
ǵڶ˳˴룬ڳǺϵֻܲʵ̴ͷĻԽԽס
ߵǰֱץס˵·ӳק
òҲ̴ܲΪŷˣһ׾ţ˿òӦǴֵzˣϾȻǰ㲻̴ƫµò˵ٸӲʣüĿԳԱý͡
̴ǰѰ̼ʱûٸӶϷһЩƵϢͬ
˭ʱ򱻴϶ˬģ˿̴ңɫΪơ
̴Ҳˣʱߴվڰ̨ϣţŵԭɫȺЩ
һӱ˴ϣҲһºſ̴ҡ
õü̴ңʲô
̴û仰ץ须һָԵʳǣ˭
ѡǵ˵
ǵѷֵѣ̴ұ̵ԵЩˣòᡣ
ǾѡǴݵظĿڡ
̴ҵɫˡ
أǶ˰죬أ
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ֻҲһЩϲǣʱȥ漰κͳԶϲҲԼĶռ
㲻˵ѧУлô̴ʳǡ
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˴ǰڼﻹѧУӤƵģѼһܼڶѧУͬһңصԶĲͬλϣҲһȥԷؼҶҪһǰһ
ܱŤǸǸؾĹ̡óǶ侲侲뿪ˡ
֮󡭡û뿪֪ԼȴԽԽסˡ
Ϊ֣ǿʼԡҹ
ÿصסûֳǣ˷ݵķڳǵһҲʱǵ˰컹ط
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Ѿˣʮʮȵ¶£Ҳ䣬Ҳ⡣´ûʵҲܾϵһЩۼ
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̸̸ɡ˵
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Щͷ۵ءࡻˡࡻüģĻûҪԼģҪộ
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Ҳ˳ǵĲԾȴȫΪ⣬Ц٣֪ＸõĻɫϰǽ
ҾưɹõİϷѲ¶һȤ淨
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̧ͷ˿мŲ͵ǵɫʮ꣬Ǹǵնˡ
סֱȥ˳ƽסĺ󱳡
ɴ۾ʶҪƿ
һεĳϴֻᵥĴǵĳǲһʱޱȵ˿ĴͷĿǻ  



157 Ҳ϶ԣ¶ʮԡ
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彩Ӳ룬ȴ̲סΪ ͬʳ߰׺ݵӶʳ
ǵĺ󱳽ס кҲһֻס ԽԽ
׼һԼĽż⣬סļ
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Ϊҩԡ ƽʱ¶ƫ͵ָʱҲ΢̵¶ȡȵָڶԷߣ ѹŵһп󶼻ѡ
Ҳſ˳ǵĴ΢˳ǺһǺۣɫԽ ֱӿʳǴЩǺһʺĺۼǡ


ＸƲסؽָϳǵĺߣһʱǼȫȻɢֳˡ
ŷӦڸոյʮӣʲô
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ҽǼЩ飬ֻЩ|ġҩѾˡոǸˮİ취Чǿܻע⡣֮Щҩ뿪ˡ
չ˳һٽŴҴ˯¡Ȼȵڶ|֮ĹϵദȴԽӲˡ

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Сʵ̴ҲͼƻҪһû뵽ֱӸһҪȥ档̴֮󣬾ȻҲҪҪȥ̬Ȼܼᶨ
ȥȥʵνȻô꣬󲿷ֶЩ̶ѣǴҲһЩҲڳ˵̴һ࣬һҲν
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158 Ҳ϶ԣ¶ʮһ
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ǽͬһһصԷԶЩһ㶼ȵ Ȼ󳯴߽ҿĵط ҸԶλáȿϿʱҲѰҳλã Ȼʶע˼ԳʲôǷ֮룬ֻǵĸȷǱһˣ ˹ϵô Ҳĳǻѹ
һڿһǰһ߳ҡʵҲ͵͵עǡ̴ѧУӹǼΣ ￴ˡ
Ｘܵóˣ ÿγǱ̴ҽߣһҹؼҡ
̴һعô͵ dݳƷ̳¶ýҲü֣˵ЩȦػҲˣ е¾͵ˡ̴֪ҵݼֱҪ̫ס
Ȼܽܳǵĸ飬Ƕ̴ֹײ˵ ֽ̻Լˮײ˵ɵơ ȻòС
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Ⱥÿ궼Ҫȥطɼ棬ÿζǳǺһġ
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ɻǰ̴ͻȻߵĳԱߣѯãҿԺ㻻һλ𣿡
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жѣҲԶˡ塻ĵشȺУԶܺĵһ
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ķ볯ǱȽԶȴ̴Һͳǵķǽŵġ
߽뷿ȴûмŻȥվϣһͷĳǺ̴˵Ц໥ص䣬Ż߽ȥ
εв֯ģҲûصظ֯Ҫͳǵλصطֿ
ֻгˣŻšȻԴǰϰߣǱһġ

ڳ緹һȺ˾Ҫȥ̲档
һͬòǺΪ̴Һͳ֮޷ˡ塻һͬ¥͵ġ
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Ǿȥɡֱİ塣
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˵һͼ߾ͷ޵سӰ
̫ԶˣҲ
˸ϽͳԶȥԱߵҲյߣô̴˭˭󣿡  



160 Ҳ϶ԣ¶ʮ
Զ˿˺һ ˵ǣҲʤ
̴Һｺˣͷ ں֧ͬ ٶȶܿ죬 ֪ǰ飬˭Ҳ˾ȻѾĸСʱ
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Щ˲̴֪ΪʲôģǱϾǺСһ𳤴ģ ҲȺ˵ ĵȻӮ
̴ٺ׷ˣû뵽Ҳ֡п ҲĽ˵źڵ
εúܿ죬 ȫȻûĸСʱƣ˳̼ٽ׶Ρܿε˾뺣ֻ̲ҵλã  ҲҪԶܿˡ
Ҳǵʱ ٶֿһΣڽ̴˦ˣ ˷һССľ֮ǰԽԽ ʱǰʱҺ󣬲Ҳܽš
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161 Ҳ϶ԣ¶ʮģ
ⰲοҲǿ⣬ ̴Ҳپ⡣
ʵϣҲ֪Լûȡߵ֮꣬Щˣ Լڣ Ҫ ֻĵײɴĽ
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ڹϣɻλһ飬˵ͬһɡܵΪˡ
Ҫи˴ţϾûרҵ֤飬Լһ̫Σˡ̴ҵĻɡЩ˹ﶼЩ
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̴˲õһֱӽסǵĺ󱳣ϴҧ
ֻһʹ֡򡻣˼ͱֱѹĴϡ


󳯴ֱӻ˯ȥˡ
ڶºʲôֻԼ۾pˣپٸˡӷԼǰ˵ھǺڣǳڡ
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ǵķ䱻ź棬 ̨ԵһĴ󺣡ЩŵĴpartyһƬġЩ˵һ㲻ʣ
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ƽԴЦ۴ʱȾ⣬ Ũ̵Ľ׺ˮ걻Լҧʺ죬һѪɫ
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163 Ҳ϶ԣ¶ʮ
Ǳߣ ҿ԰š˵˽ҲСνʼ硣
֪Ҹ˿ɲ٣ҪһҲǷַӵ顣
̫ˣ ܹܳˣҲ죬Ҳֲˡ
ˣҵĶӺĶһ̧
ʲôһѵԼӣ ˾Ͱ˵⣬ ̲סЦˣ Ҫб°˵Ҳб¹ܺóң ⲻǺ
˵һ㶣 ðҳ©Լأ㲻Լ
ͣ˵жʮꡣʮꡭˣ Ūá
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˵ҲٺͳƱˡֱӴվߣų֣˵ˡǵҸ׵ˣ Ūһؼë
㶵ؿԼĶԶ Щ
֪ΪʲôүԸЩɷȫǣ Ҳ׶ˡΪǸүϲҲΪ֮ǰδ˾ճǡ̫ˡ
𳯽һң껹Ů ˾˲ʳ˴롭Ҫ̫ˡ
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ڶʸƺ⣬ֱӸ˰Э飬Ҳףһǧ򣬼Bһױ
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ֻǻʸ߰ǰͲôЩϵĻˣתԼֶӡ˶²ʸǲʱ޶˲ŽȨӡ
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˵Σʸ豾Ӧǳǳ˭֪ôϡͿ˴
ȻΣǳ֪˵ĻΡֱӱԼݡ
˵˲䣬ʸıҲЩ΢͵Ϻǲһûþͻָƽ˵ԭǳСӰֲÿЩ
˵˵㳯׼ĿңҰĿǰ˸㣬Σ
һǰ˸㣬˵򵥣ʵ˶ʮڵ
ʱ绹֪Ѿ˳Ψһļ̳ˣǹɷݶתϡ˻ʸ迪ۣʵܶˡ
ǻǵһ֪ԼôֵǮ
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ʸҲȥǼңǳǱǲΪԼļңסǸԢҲܴ˻ȥ㣬˶ܾˡ屻ܾɫ̫ÿֻ֮ЦЦ󳯴ǵĺ󾱣˵䣺Сǡ
˵СǣҲûиݡȷǳĿǰǮҲ󷽵һˡЩͳͷͧ˸Fľׯ֮ǰСҪǳԼˣ׼ųȥǾׯ档ô㳯ʼûЩܼҲ߰ˡ
Ǯ˵İ飬ǿζ
ȳǵɽׯ԰Ҳߵ㡣
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ʮӣںһȲ衣
⸻ȦŪʲôûٲ͡ȴĲ˵ϲãҲֻΪҪѧ˵ƤëҪ˵ʲôϲҲһ̸ϡ
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164 Ҳ϶ԣ¶ʮߣ
ʸû˵ ֻǽ˿۾³ˮؿųǡ
ûеһĻţ̲ס͵бͲϲŮˣ ӦǺͱ˼ҵĹһӣô˵ҵĹϵ
˵ʲôϵʸеĲ豭̧ۿųǡ

Ǵûƭ˸ͼҲûҪԼЩЩ
κǰ ֱӵػش
ʲôϵ˵Ĺϵ
ǻнʣ Ҫͼƿسǵ ôǾҪǽιϵˡ
˻ǻʸ裬ڻʸǰ ȴʼ޷ֱӵؽ˵ڡ
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ƺֻҪ˵𰸣 ºͳʳ߾ͻ˲˺ǲº͵£¶޿ɲ
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СС ȴû뵽Сͷ˶ˡ
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ϲ֪ΪʲôͱСסˣ ڶҲһ㶼ûкڣСչڹϵ
СʮꡣʸҲйСˣµĸйٶá
ȻԸΪ 뵽Щֵòÿˣ 泯ǣ ֻѹϵ档
Ϊ˱㣬ԳǶ䵭࣬˲پ롣СǲСҲǰЩһŪճ
˭뵽С˱ñ־룬ƽֻҪңСӾԲͷ
ƺҲ˻ʸ֮ǰҪ޵˼Ҳʺһ䣬һϣڶӾˡ
˵˾Ƿʸ赽λѲףֻ߳СӾְֺ޵ı¡СԵƽʱദЩֵĸС˲ĴһֱԼ
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ЩԷﴫ˻ʸУЩʸ趼ǲģЩСķˣ˭֪䲻˳ǵ֡
Ų˲Ծ˲Ժ󣬲֪СӰһɵĺò
СԼ˭õСӱԼ֮
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ǲǾ|ԣҲû˾ͻˡһӲˣǲΪ˻ʸ裬ҲⱲֻлʸһˡ
ĲңԽš
ʸ趨ãššԼüģƺΪƣٸͨ뺣СǣҪҡ
˵ţִԱǶóһЭ飬ݵ˳ǰ
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װþ򶨣壬ǹҿɲͬЭ飬ҾǩҲûзЧ档
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涼ǳЩµİѱжǳĴ¡Ϊһʧʵǧٿס
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ϵĻʸЩȫһˡ
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Сһﶼˣ ʸĵذſСǰ￿
ľѣʪǿͰ͵Ķߡػţ塭
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ˣһҲһɲС
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ΪǰҪǵĴڳٻκáֻҪܳԵһоͿˣЩڱĸ
ԸһΪɹһС
ǳǴʲôˣҲʧҲʹ
ҪԼˡ
ĺɫʹڳתֱеһβʣ
绰ϳԼʧǵػȥˡ
ףԳǵĸ⡣
ȴһЦĹ
վڿãĴϣȺͳжֻһĹӰ
ǣҴˣĴˡòã
Ҹȥ㣿

һҹûлȥڽֽǵĳϣ·´ϸѩÿһҹ
ɫ·ϵҲĳ֡
վֱ壬ĵ뿪ˡ
ԭֻҪ뿪˭ҲҲ
ǷɵߡƯķݡߣͬķݣͬһƬУ֣ʵ˭û
ΨһǸȵķߣһ˱˩
ݷɵ̫ˣķҲ̫ˡ˵ԼԼĲĲȣǸִ̫ż͵ķ˵ԼſǸߡ
ҲѰˡ
һһĻں޻ˡֻԽݼš
ֱһͨ绰
óֻĻŵǴֻ룬¶һ˿ϣ
ɳȥҳǵˡ
Щ죬⴮κͨõĽǲ⡣
Ǵ˿ѽΣⶼΨһϣ
ͳ޼ȳ뿪ʱһķҲİûκβͬ
ҵˣXXϾŵʮȥDĺ࣡ڻſڿ˳
Īϲúͼš
ʱϲɫ
Ѿˣһڴϣûκ˽˵Ľͨߡ
ֱ⳵ȥĵվ
ڵվУŴ⼲۵ľϰޱ϶Ц
ţֻһ죬ίе˷һƬ
ƬϣǴ޴£źΧںλϱһȡ
̲סЦֲסĦƬϵĳǵĲ
Ǹ߶ʱ߾һװˣ֮һֱû߶֮һ·ܸӣڶһ׾ųͷˡ
ƽʱ￴ڹڴºͺΧУ֪ģССһֻ
촽ģ滹մһ㿧ȡ
ｫƬŴ󣬿ֿҵһͿ
̾ˡ
ϱû⣬ʱЩˡȻƯ㣬ȴ
֪ȥĶһԿˣҲһòˡ
Ժ󶼲ˡ
糵ţһ˵ҪСʱ
Сʱȴ˺ܶܶࡣ
ֲǣôǰǸ֪޾İߣȴ޲ܰԼӵеһȫһǣֻϣܸ
뵽˽顣
ǿԺúóȥɢɢģϲСǿȥһϲҲֻСèС
뵽־ЩڵССèСռ˳̫ϲϣи
ڵվˣҴվٴƳ̳
һĵվܽ߰˷ӣǾ͵˻
ܽţһ۾Ϳ˳ǡ
ǻƬϵǸλãǲԶһߴˡ
ߵǰĶͷһǣ󽫳ǣȥ
ԭڵһʱȥҳǣһĻȴס˽Ų
лҪ˵ʮСm.  ģ



172 Ҳ϶ԣ¶ʮ壩
ԭ룬 ˵ЦԽԽԶ̲סǰֱס˳ǵļ
ǽŲһ٣ ͷȥ
ڿʱԭǳǳЦҲסˡ
ָʼܿƵز
ʶô⣿
ɫѿ仰Ŷ԰ɣȥŪ˵ȥ˹ҿã
һ⣬óԭΪůͶֵǳǳȥ
ҡ뿪ڣȴ֪˵ʲô
ԸԼɱ֢ҪȻҲµŪʲôҿ⡢̴ֹĵ顣
ǰ ںżʱ Ҳ룬ܹȥ˵һɣȻһȥ
Ļͬһ ϲԼǳ֪Լķᣬ 룬 ܴʻЭ
ÿ뷨ֵһ룬 ǵǶֹԼȥɲĴ㡣
ﶼԸ⣬˵ѰҪЮĸ߶ãսսıˡ
³ǵľԼټޣûչʾ
ıʧⲻĴ Ҫ̫̫ˣûκҪЩ
ˣ ƾʲôȥķһȥ
δҲ̫̰̫ʶôˡ
ЩǶ֪ͯĲ죬ʲôסʲôףҲһȦȦԽԽС ս˾
ܶԼ
ϣԼһ롣
ͻȻʧ˭ҲҪ˭ҲҪΪеѹ
ôݲһ˵ֲȥȨֻܲһ̣ʹʱȥ
Ȼѵʱٽ𡪡㡰ȡչʾһϣҧ֡
￴ųǲ˵ʲôĿЩɺ죺㶼ǺһԲԣ
£ʲô˵һ𣡡ؼ
ֻǳĬؿûзϡ
ҲýЩ֣ڼΪԼһʧ£ֲԻ̴֮ǰΪһЩ飬ܶԷǴĽǶȿΪʮӰֵܣȷ֡
ȴ֪ʱ˿̬ѾȫȻת䡣
ʱѪӿüֱӸ̴Ҹһܡ
ǵģڳܳ˵֮ǰBСȴôѣⲢӸĹ
һʲô֪ӣȴʲôԸ˵
뵽Լһһȴ̴ҷ˻ҪһȥDDǿɲӵĴӪ
ôֱԶ߸߷
ȥDʲôҳˣһ˫ӥ۾ųǡ
ɲ
˵ȥDֻΪ˿׿㲻̸̴Ҳûϡ
ֻôҲͦá
һߣҲ֪ʲôʱֲܻסҲزˡ
ﱻʲô̬ȼŭˣǡ˵仰ʧ¾ͱưˣ
̴һԣųǵ
ʲô֪أԴ̬ȼ䲻޲ȥ͸һȭ
һ֪ʲô
ȥҳǣ¾ûˣ˵ʲôƨ
ȴֻǿֱͣ϶ץųɿ
⣬ӦóԼ
Ǹ˼̧ͷߣ˵
ɫһ١
ȷĲ룬ʢŭ֮Ĳ룬׿ڸⶼĵʱ򡭡־ǲš
ôܣϲ
ϲǰ
ôصķôıôͻȻ
ȴǡڹȥļУԼԳǵС
ǰþɺһƬˣϲ㲻˵㰮ô⼸һ㣬֪֪жൣģ
ŸոҲϲ㣬תͷӣϲϱˣ
⻰һ䣬ǰԭ黹ƽĳȫȻסˡ
˵ʲôɤӸɬʡ
ɫҲ侲Щһһ˵˵֮ǰɵƣϲˡ
국ɫͫī
ʱ̴ҵҲʮ־ȣͬʱҲ˽š
ϾǳôˣֱôֱԺǴ˿жôҡ
һ𣬴Ӷ˵Գǵȷһõ顣
ǽеִǰϡ
ǳǲף˽չΪƵҽŶҲ֪ǵ֮塣ҽ鳯ֱӺһҲϲ
Ϊˡֱһ𣬻ܻöݵ㣬ȷֹʡ
뷨ǲ̬ġ˵ģʲô֪ºͳദ׸˴˴˺һˡ
ǴʱҲ޷κδ̼ˡ
˵˽ҲȫóǺͱһ
ų֣һ
ڱԼָ˳ѡȨ
ǻõʱﻰе˼
ĵĵһӦǿϲ
ûȻһ죬׿ڳϲԼ
ζôá
ǸܵϱʩӵܵЩʪ󡪡̴ĵ亹ƺֻ˹
ˡزˡ
ҧⱲеͷҧ
Ҳϲˡ˵
ӦֻһʱĴСȻˣܺãҪúð
ֻҪһ뵽СѾˣ;ɬòС
ֻһʱ޷ڵϾȥʮ꣬Ƕٷ롣
лҪ˵ǸǸôҾõˡ
ϳкͺˣ첻֪ΪɶͻȻor2һû˯һȥûſǿ˯Сʱǽϴҩкһˣܺȫˣұġ
̫߰Сë࣬׷Сʹǣ̫ɣm.  ģ



173 Ҳ϶ԣ¶ʮ
Ļһ˵ڣ ϵıͱÿƿֲ
ʲô˼۾Ŷãİôˣ˵Ұˣ
˵⣬ һ٣ǿѹ˺Ļ
֪ʱԼIDЩˣЩƲסؿڲԡųԲ԰׵᲻˵ʲôת̴ҡ
Ȼ̴ңǿѹµŭӿ
ͳʶ ͳǹϵõ Ҳÿζͷѻѡ
Լ˼ǰ ҹλصЩξǱҹ̴ҡʱԼ⣬ ֻ޷ܣ  ȴĵĶʻ
ڴǰЩɢȥһڸоԼͷ͵һƬ
ǣЩƳȥġ
ϲˣϲ˭ϲӣ̴ָң 
ˮҲôʳɣ
ҷص㣡̴ȴҲ̲ˣ ֱһȭ̴һȥ
Դ֣һֱ͡Ϊ뽫ѡȨԼϡոճǰѻ˵ˣִݣ̴һϲ֮࣬ ȻҲԸͣ˵쵰ô
̴ҳ֣ȻҲٿգۼ˾Ť
˭Ҳû֣ó˲ļơ
˶ѧ費ǳһʱ˸൱ʱѷʤ
鷢չ̫ˣȳǷӦ϶ٸˣһƬҡ
ǻǿ߽ͣ
ʱԱߵĻңҲæ
ǳţ˺޲ðܵԱˣǰǰʮӲǿƽ
ʱ볯Ǻ̴ҵǻֻʣʮҵʱ䣬˻û졣
ǿʱ䣬ԱⲻǣǺ󣬳ǿΪʹüġ
ǵˣú侲ɡ˵
ȶ֣㷴侲ɫҲʲô˼
У֮ǰ˵ЩҶƨҲҴʲô档ЦͷҲصؾˡ
ָЩǳǶĸס
ǿıӰɫʱɷ
ЩʣþⱲ͵˵Ļ
һ˲䣬ҡҡ׹ʼҡҡ׹ԼڵѡǶԵ
˵ϲ
Ľ˶Ļڴ֮ǰ벻һܶ˵仰
òεˣȴΥĵķԼģѡ񡭡
߰ɡ̴ߵԣ£Լȥ˰ķ
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˵ţϴּķȥˡ
ȥӣ̴ЩģҲ˹ȥ
ȴֳѾֱӻϴּĵذϡ

˵ҪԶЩд̼˺̫Ըɲŵݿˡ
ҽ̴˵̴ҳһ߽
εڻǵȻûǻˡｫǴ֮ǰҽԺ
ݿСʱڰʱǿ
̴һֱǰ㽫ֽɢڶǰ鷢۵
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ҡҡͷǸ
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Ҫ̫࣬ҲҪԼ̫ѹ˵
ȳϢ׼ȥD
ĻƱٵͷ̴ߵķֹ˾ʱ£̴ҪϹȥһˣȴųȥ
Ϣȷúܶˣڱˡ
̴ҵڼʻλϿں̴Ҳģ˼λǺ档
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˶ˡ˵
׷ǵӡ
ЩӿĿĲǼ򵥵ĸ٣ǡ
Ѿ˦ǣĵطջھһؾС·ʱץס
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ǻʸ裬㲻֪ϵͳۡ
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СϸڲҪ⡣˵Ի֮ǰĶӦû©ɣΪһʧǻһ䱣ա
û֪֮ǰβƻļƻ
İɡ̴Ҳءϵͳ˵
̴ұϾڹ⣬Ҫڹ뺽߿˽˷ɻЩӡ
֮ǰ뾡ųȥDҲֱӴųȥˣû뵽˿ӡ˼ԣ۷˺һͨѪڰڱ˽Ҳһ
˵һʧˣ˭뵽ǳϵͳ͸˳ȥ
ܿ죬ϣʸ˶˳̴ҸǰŵļλҲˣңңš
ϧ̫ˡ
Ͼ˭Ҳ벻·ɱʸ衣̴Ұ⼸ҲǷǻڽ
·˶ⲻԾ˶ڡĳҲ˭ǰɨһ۾ʹҴ뿪ˣ鷳
볯ĳϵĺһ˴򿪣ӭʲôˡ
ɫװĻʸӳź߳
ֻԶĳǣСȴȾ˳λϣСǣԼȥ㣿
ǿ˿ʸˣ׽ǲƽ뿪ˡ
ֻܿٸ̴ҷţֻŽڿڴƿ˳ȥ
ڼ̴ҵסȴҡͷܾˡ
³󣬻ߵʸǰ
û̧ͷֻ塣
СǡʸЦ⣬ǣ˵µʱǶˣôرģ
ȥDȥ˽𣿡
ǵɫ𽥲԰m.  ģ



174 Ҳ϶ԣ¶ʮߣ
ǳĬ ձʸݺק˳
ųǵĶϣߣ״ܣ ǵȴһȥ
˴·ֻ
ʸ赥ֻֽ˶ŵҳ棬׵ؿ˳ǸոɾĶš
ǣϵĻֻһ䣺ҺˣǸ
ûʸ辪ȵͬʱ־øӷŭһ֮ǰȼա
˭Ҳܿó Ǵ˿̷ţ ڱ̴ҡ
ʱһʱ뵽ĲԼİΣ̴ҵġ
ֻʸ۶ϣ ڵס˾󲿷ֵ⣬˴ʱģԵøΣա
Сӣ ء
Ү˵ ڼŭⷽ棬 һֱһder
ϵͳе㲻һڵʲôָˮŵ㣬淭ҿɲ㡣

ǰ뿪ɽׯ԰Ǹ
ʸԶԶų뿪ıӰ
ûȥͣ Ϳģׯ԰ƬƬ̻С
֪ʧˡ
ǵǲһ Ǵһӵġԭʹѱһغã˭֪ǱСƺЩһ˹
ҲǿЩǣС˵ҲԣҲŶʮ꣬ ܶʲôġߣûС˵ҲһΡȻʱҲǳųȥģ˵˵Ҳν
Ȼǿ˵Լһ뵽СƺЩĵ˵Ĺϸ𣬻ǾƽԼ˳µʱ䣬ԼҲºú侲һ¡
˭֪֪ķ˶󹦷򣬲ԼûȥһСȴûӰˡ
ɲһʼųǵνĹҿ˵ǸŪΪҪҵǡܿͷ˳ǲˡ
ɳȥֶʯ󺣣ʸڹȥǵ١
BеĴӪҪƤӵ°һ˲ɲôסӴȥ飬ֶµһЩҵˣ˭֪õϢȻǳҪdavisҵС˽ˣ
٣ȥ̴ҵĹʹڻʸ迴ɲ˽ô
֪ϢĻʸɫɲˣⰵÿ¡
ڹӰģ˵߰ɡ
ǸСƺץ

ʵˡ
ץ󣬱Ż˺ü죬ǻŭǿɢЩС˵
ǻʪָ԰зŲȻʪ죬ҳһ⣬ֻתһת鶼÷
˰ź󾱣ǿΣյ˵Ķͷڳˮ޷κһ˿ߡ
Сǣ壬ΪʲôҪСȥD
ɫܺѴٰ㴼ţɴʱȴѹúܵͣ޶͸ЩĿɲ
ϣСܺ˵ôⳡͷܵ˽ˡ
ԭǱ۾ʵûʲôˡƽʱСƹ˵ĽʱҲصѹõͳЩϸСˮ顣
˵ǿʪص۾
ûڵһʱش𣬶ǵһʶʸ潫һǳɫڴ˿ԽԵ͸꣬峺תӳ
һôİɫʸ衣
İΪŨصľĶġ
Ҹ˭ȥʲôϵ
ɳƣƴȫҲֻܷ΢졣
еȴû˼ٰ֣ԵԽŨء
ɫͻ˲ʹ˻ʸ裬жʱī͸Щɫɺ죬ųͷûе걻򦡣
˵һ飿
ʱģΪɲ˿»˲䱻嶲ţǰĳҲᶮʱƣʱ¡
ʱĳȴЩûʲô˼ˡ
˶˵ͷֺãǼ˵Ŀܡ
ʸ裬񡢶ġ
⼸հյĥʱʱ̶̿Ǻһ鼫ĵĸ⣬Ӧ޲ýԼĺǿ鸯öĵĶʳ
νˡ
ǳңʲô
˵ֺʲôϵأ±ץȥİˡ
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˶һֻ֣˲еϣ
ǵģеģһж֤һ㡪ýˡ
ŭͺĻʸ裬ЩЦ뿪˵Щʲôһȴ־һԵֵĶĸкŻдǰӿ
ǻʸֻſڣ˵ʲôȴصͷҵøŻ
ЩǼûʲôʱµ˺ѷΣҲֻܿ³Щ᷺θᡣ
ϵһԵǱˡ
޳Ĳش£볤ľڵסƯȴƣݵʮָסҧúƵ촽׺ϸ׵Ͻ֯ţҵĶ
ʸſֱ֣ͦһ־Ӹµ̬ɫްؿĿ״Ǳꡣ
Ҷģ
ãϷŴһζʾ䡣
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壬ðѾӺúԼһˣΪԼʲôô
е˵ŭûз
ʸ豻С˼£Īƽ
ֻؿڵȴδôŨҹ
ԭ뵽ΪֹģСԼá
ǵ°ָͣоһ˿¶ȡ
СǾú÷ʡɡ
˵꣬´һ˿뿪ˡ
ʸĥգ|̬һ|̬ϲþϲԼ룬˳||ǰչ¶Ǳģʱ¹ڳǸմ̳ǽһɫ߳
ʸ߳ţǺصűˣתóЩ
䷿ΨһĹԴǽϵĴҲʲô齫ˡ
䣬ڳʲôҲ
գС̲סĬĬ²һ䡣
ĬͺڰܱƷһˣ
˵ǡǡ״ǻڼȱԵˣϧ岢֪㡣
ж־ǿ˶԰飬ǶԳĿ촩ҵȴ⡣
ֻ̾ҪһߴϷӰһװˣǿݼ
ͳûʲôÿĵӰϷ޳
ϵͳٲú˵˻ô
໣˲ˣҴְٰһΣ

ʸһˣɱԶD̴׶ˡ
̴Ҵֹ˾鼱æȴڰ;ӵ֮ǰɳȥͳȥ˵Ϣ
ǣ˴ˡ
лҪ˵۵ʮС
֪ҩԶ˻զҽһ쵽˯ʮСʱor2m.  ģ



175 Ҳ϶ԣ¶ʮˣ
̴ҵǿ߳ǵ˵ģġ
»ʸأ ҪݵҲѡֻȻ֪˳Ǳϼߵģ֮޴ˡ
챻µĵطֻǲʲô·ºȥǶμأ Ҳ˿ƻˡ
̴û֤ݣֻü޵һѰ
Bеײ̴ҵĴӪýͷöÿһЩüĿһա
̴ҵİ칫ɢЩѼϣ ЩټٵϢ īɫԲѪ˿
Ѿûˡ
͵شӰ칫ǰվȥ
Щʸųġ˷ʱˡ

ЩûȥѧУڹ˾
̴ҵļƣ ԼҲһֹ˾֣ǻ Լı¡
ľ״̬ͬôã Դڻͳǲɢ ҲߣֻܿŹԼ
Сܣ死̴߽칫ң˵
⻪̴ҼµһѪƷƣ ̴ZΪ˸⻪һZг
̴ҲǴųȥDˣ
仰ʱĵĵһӦ
ڲ̴ң־ͼ䷴У ҲԸȥ볯ǡ
Ĭһ˲󣬻ǵͷ˵
̴ƺżûӣİ칫Ҿͱ˼Ҵҵƿˡ
ΪԼЩģѾˣ ʱ̴ҵģʱŷ̴ָұȵǲԶ
ʱɫ԰׵ÿ¡һƬںڣѪ˿ң綼˲١
Ȼ̴㲻죬Ҳ֪Щڼŷëúܡǰڳ߼̴ʱһͷ˿Ь׶һ˿ģȷǵһμ
ûģһ˿źͻҡ
ңеϣ̧ͷ̴ҿȥ
ǲˡ
̴ûϻֱ˵
ɫһƺûףʲô˼
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ѵһҲծ㶪£ʸˣ
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ﻹ˵ʲôǰ͵ػһȭ
ʶֵסɫҲζòƣ̴ܣ˵˵ﶯʲô
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ŵһֻֽ⿪˳ϷӣҪ붯֣ҲԷ㡣
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һΪҪȻʱǿԶ㿪ǸͰġ
ԼزҲΪܵ˻ʸı
ʸ֮飬ͻʸ
óֻǸΪԼⱲӶٴĵ绰
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绰ͷƺһҲΪʲô绰һͶ˵ɽׯ԰ϵط
лҪ˵һѧһȵļϰֿʼˡһ˯߸Сʱˡ



180 Ҳ϶ԣ¶ʮ
Թһνѵ ³Ǵȥͻʸ̵ģҲܲǰ׼
Сʱʮȥɽׯ԰ ɽׯ԰ǲʮλ֣һһСʱûɽׯ԰ Щ˾ͻֱӴȥ ͬʱҲ˼豸
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ԭ㲻úã庮ڸһ˿¶Ҳޡ
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ף̴ԸЩǡ̴ң˭ô
̴ԸȥȥָȴԸָʸ衣
ΪǱȳǻҪ޻ʸ衣  



181 Ҳ϶ԣ¶ʮģ
ҵĲɹܺã ͸ľͶһ𡣴ԵҶƬҲ͸ĸ߹⣬֦Ѿſи΢΢΢Ʈš
ӦůģڵĿȴпĻǻţ þòɢ
ʸЩͱ棬ʼû˵
ű ûжѪɫʼ࣬ жѪ˿԰޳ЩֽţѲ㱡ֽѿ塣
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ʵô˵ǽһĿѾﵽˡ
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182 Ҳ϶ԣ¶ʮ壩
ߵúܿ죬 ȥҲܿ죬ԭûзѾȥ˻ʸһˡ
Ǻܿ죬ʸǱߵĹƾͻˣ վȻϢķˣŲԾ
ʸǱԸԶ ˵Ȼһ¡ΪΪռȻѾȫ³ˣ ˵ļʼ
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Գǵ鴫Bеĵ죬̴˳ǣһ档
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Լһҿ棬ǸѰԼ泡
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⻪ȴֻǸոսZгĹƷƣԭͼǳѹĴġ
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ǱߺʧѾüζ̴һȥˡ̴ѡֱǰЩ˵Գ顢ǴӦ˵Ϣ
֪Ǹˡ
лҪ˵л2020-10-31 0015402020-11-01 004358ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
лͶ׵СʹeleantleisurelyûǮ˫ʮһ 1
лӪҺСʹ 213ƿȾ 115ƿyo 24ƿ춽 21ƿ̾续** 20ƿ 11ƿ䡢ʱġơ煛콵ϵҬӡstudy scker 10ƿľľ 8ƿ㡢42333482һסࡣèء 5ƿܼԽ 3ƿʮİ 2ƿһ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ  



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