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Ⱥͻʵ̸
ߣ
İ
     ĸţ裬汻йӣֻԵƽա

ȴʹ˵飬ɱϵĵйʵ۾塣

ϵɣֻ˳Ʊסʵ۴ȣ˼Сӣ˼´ħ

Ȼҵˣûˡ

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թУһѪ֮ϣӲⱲӻᰮһˣֱ֣£˶벻ˡ

Ȼ˲

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ҸΪվǵˡ

Ȣ㣬ǲһˣ

̾ҡҡͷ

ǾͣȢޣ

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ƫִڵvsͨ͸

ǿǿ1v1˫࣬ܣ˫Ǵ

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ףϣ΢ڣܰ꣬ϵɡΪ磬ϲлл

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רԤġȢˡ

İ

֮գݳª˾۵ӻ𱻱ƻϲΪֵ޸ϲŭ޳

޲˵´

ŵһԼӳ죬Ȼ

ҹǿ׳аʮ˭ 

ʾ㲻ұ취

Ȼ֣Ϊʲô˵Լ

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ʱһ˫ů֣ٷʮꡣ

֮գ˾ϲϣԼʲôʱ

֮ӱ˰¹⣬ٷʾΡ

ϲôˣôֻܳ¡

ųţٷֲᷢԡ

еأеݳªأôƭ˵ģ

ԼΪСȻֻСҰǡ

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Ǹ¹ⲻ֪Լǰ¹⣬öԷĹ¡

ǿүvsز©

ǿǿ˫࣬ܣŰ
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 1 

ճɳһһֱŶ
ṬǽΡɭ䣬һнģƺᱻɣʱۣԼվǻˡ
ʲôˣʿ棬Դ
мʥ
ʿһ㶣ս½ƣڱ߽սĽҹؾд¡
ʿҵ飬æͨ˽ȥ
ҹˮ»
ǬԪ
Ϊżϻҹδ˯ƥǧ·
ʯϣ۾ϥľû֪θǷۡ
ϼݵ
һеĽţͷ
ݼϡ
Ƶþüͷ壬Ե̫ʹ˸ɫ̫Ԫ⣬æõˮ˹ȥ£θʱ˲١
üȴڹġ
ûжλΪ˺;ģҪԼϵĽ㣬
ս˽ԻؾϷŹ
Цһʢŭ֮ɭȻ޻ΪһӶˡ
֪ʲôʱ䣬¶ٵּ⣬Լǲϻ
һΣǰս£ҹ̣Ϊ˾誵ּ⣬Ϊ˱ˡ
֮£˼һڣǻþ誻ʤĻ
調һ۷ϵĴƿ
֪Ļ洺ԻҪΪǡ
ĦŴƿһ٣Ͱĳ̧ۿ˿棬ҩƿԪԪ˫ֽӹݵϡ
֪Ͱ˰ɣתļ񡣡
˵֣ʲôˡ
ЦνһҲˣ׼ܱܵȫԼʱһҲ
ûԥֱߵĴƿҪһ
ţյӾзƿ䣬ڵϣƵ
ɫڣɭŭǽ
ֻҪɵӣİӿһֲֿĳĬ
Ԫվһߣסͷϣɫ۳Ͷ٣ʲô鲻˵ɡ
誵ۣɫƣһԵ棬ŭˡ
ȻЩġ
δ誴һĬĬŵĻӱ֮ϵĵ˵˻ʵľͻ䣬治
񿴼ԼģƲסҶһǰԼ̽Ƕˡ
ЦԼЩ̫СˣϾôĵദжģ滹ǿ׵ġ
ˣɣūѾ˳ݣϷԸʹȥЪϢ
Ԫæ棬ʵһ࣬Լżҹʵ̫ۣټûôúóԶǵθֻȫҪɢһ
͹ˡǿԪվȣֱֱӡ
˺ūʲôūѾ̫ҽе˹ȥ
˵ͷδҲ֪ˡ
֪Ҫһǳȹͷһ٣δʩ죬ڴſţųͣæǰ˽ȥ
Ȼǵһ𽹬æµӰİȫޣ·ֻص˴ǰʱ
濿ϣ𽹬̿յůůģĴ˸Ƿ
ɡ
ԴС¯Ͻһֱŵ˹ȥӽ˼£ɢһɢ
֮ͲøЩˣϵĵܵʮֳ谮Ǵǰ飬Ӳˡ
ȡůûѪԵĽܣ֮
һ࣬ůθʹԻһЩ˶оࡣ
誵ǻǰҹһȥѾûкȵˡ
СôһѯһԵ̫ҽ
ƣ͹ȣʳãθľɼԴ彡Ҳͺˡ
˵ͷ̫ҽ˳ȥ
㼱ŻҲܲԼ壬㱾ܹˣӲãһҪʲô̵ģһˣ⹬ô
氲ЦЦҵûµġ
С棬Բ㡣˵ţۿһᣬĵȻȥ
˽һԭأ֪ô죬ְ̾һ
ҽһͲҪ˵Ļˡ
ﲻЩǻˣԼҲ㹻á
ЩΪнܵĸ顣
˽ģǰϣԼƭ˾誵Ĵϣ˽ġ
Ҳź˭Ͼܵþ谮ǽܣкôġ
˳ˣ鿴ͨ͸͸ˣ;֮ĸ飬Ҳô¡
Ͼϣʲôڰ׷顣
ʲôûҪɱ㣿ҨһŽʵ
ַ̾ԼСͷţǰʳ񣬱̫ҽ̫ҽ˵ϲˣȻ̫ҽ֪⹬ûв͸ǽϲ飬ﻹǶ֪ˡ
üЩ飬뵽һǳµĿܣ⺢ӣ᲻ǻϵİɣ
ϴδҹңҵĺӡֹҧŴ͸һ˿κ޴롣
治һ亹˵ϴδҹϾϵĹ飬Ī˵Ǿ誣һͨˣԲܡ
磿濴뵽Ҳ˵ʲôĻ
͵͵ңɱҲһ˻洺ľƣȻǾ͡
ʱҲǰղѣ鵽ľʲô˲ˣͷԷȣûжôء
һжҡұһ֮ҵĸĸ˻Ǩŭ˻ϣԴ¶˱ҵļһˡ
˺ӣͰ̥ҪˡձϮƣӿͷ뵽鷳˵ۡʱ򣬺Σô꣬һֱû㡣
磬뵽ԼЩίۿģˮƲסµ
˵һֱţðŮȺףҶԲ㣬Ҫ취ڣû취ȥˡ
У޵ĸˣӼ޽ҾûܻųС棬ֻ뱣ȫҵļ˺ͺӣֻҪܻţҾûʲôźˡ
չ˺Լɣһᾡ泤̾һۿϣ˵
治Ծ΢üͷΣȻ˵ʲôʱҲÿˣúϢһҶס
Ů̿һű˳ȥ
ɵĺ
졣                    
лҪ˵ָղأװлл㣡

 2 

ɵ۾
һҹߣ֪ľ˯硣
֧𣬻ߵĴ̫ԪѾһߺˡ
ˣūŹ˵ʲôʱˣȥ
ͣԪȵЩʱˣ¸ϵİ׺ã齣֪ˡ
Ъһֺһ࣬Ѿ˲٣ʱθʹ⼸ҪЩӲܺˡ
˶򵥵ϴһ£͸Ԫˡ
ͽȥɣһڵˡԪǬԪ⣬˵
ҪţԪֲĵӣսĶߡ
ˣͬСɣҲͷϣʱͻ϶¼á
ˣĸҺͻ϶ǹһĨЦ˽ȥ
бϣϵۣƵӰѹȣﾲĵġ
ͷֳ߽Ĭ
ϡ
ûжֻǷ۵֣ĵĿһ档
ӣж˲μȻˣǱߵͲˡ
ͷһȥһйְӸٲ볯һˡ
誷ֱֱӣ޵˼ǣڳְҪȥˡ
ϡ治ãȻȻҲ⳼ڳְȻ˼ɻҵݣǳȻûΪѡ
ȻףνĳǾ誵ĲԼ뿪Լ˵Ҫþ誽ѡ
Ȼ˸ӣֻ˵ˣԺ˵ɡ
Ҳپᣬֱ⣬˵ģǹ顣
ԭ˲ǿŭֺݺսȭץϲ豭˳һߣôô
С̫಻Ҷܣ豭ҵͷһѪ˳˿ȥæĹڵϡ
濴۾誣֪óԼ𣬵ֲԸѹȥС̫౻ԼǨŭ˱йĶ
治ЩЦֿС̫˳ֻ֮꣬˵̿յôȣһЩúʡ
һϣò׵ȵһ˲̲סվڵϵ棬һɫĳĵ˳īɫͷһ𣬸ɾˬ˴Īˡ
ãߵС̫࣬Ҳͻ࣬ȥ̫ҽһµļ٣ú
С̫æͷлȥʱ򣬸мĳ˵ͷ
ҲЦųС̫գգۡ
СͶ誵ϲŭӦ֣誳ӲֻҪ˵ϼûʲô£誶ӦԼ
У˾֪С˼Ҫӣ
ӣ͵ͬڻ˻ʼҵѪͳǻ鷳ġ
һ˵ϧˣ׽㣬ҵǲѪĺӡ
̧ͷֱӾ誣һŭĿڣǿЦô˵ҪǸӣ
һӣ޻ʼҵѪͳ֮ˣⲻһȷѪ꣬Ϳ̿׵ġ
ֻǣǸӱϾ޹ЩĲ̡
課̿Ϊѵɫ˵ŷ˼ɫһŰɡ
Ͳ
ܾĻû˵꣬ͱһ˻ȥ
ˣԸѣϾҪ£ûҪˡ
ԪŵĵطǰԼ죬ޱİĻʹЩĪʧ䡣
Ѿ˸ֲɫһӦȫȻ׼һӱʳָ󶯡
汾ھ誵Ķ棬ӲǱӣԱߡ
ǰʱ;ͬͬסϰΪԺ±Ǩһ𾹾ЩŤ
עתƵ棬ĿȥȻʽ棬ԼϲԵθڡ
ЦЦǲ³˼һ۰׵źŵ
θãٳһЩģòá
ںһĺӣһļƤ
ʵھЩ飬ԼΪʲôǰദʽ֮¡
İźʳأֹصĶһڶö
ȻҲ֪ëĵĺ㳢ͳһڣó³ˡ
üҧһź
Ŵ磬дһ㵭ζʵܺóԡ
潫źŽ
調ˣʮֵĸˣæּ˼Ĳɫ
ҲܾҪԵģ뿪ڻεҪ
һٷ誵ֻŸвˣԼûϼڡ
ҳԱˡʵڳԲˣҪеְ˻ȥҲӼŵֱӷŽԼ
濴ţ·ֻص˴ǰԼһУͳ˵ء
ǺɡʳˣԸʢ
еĿӣΣյ뷨ĵףһģһȻ˲죬֣˵
룬ŽĺӻûթӻҵгԺĸӾͺͻûйϵˡ
誺òĺһɨ⣬ԸƻѵõദǿŭС˼ǣ޲ҪƽϹĲ꣬Ҫһžۣ
ͷ֪課ͬ⣬֮˵ֻĵߡ
С棬㲻Ҫ̫޳ôĿʲô
調治˵ץס֣аĿɨżζϷʣս˵СҪԸԼޣ޾ʹӦ㡣
ϡ֣ؿڣ䶢žץԼ֣æɿˡ
վ񣬡ˡ
˵գͷҲصˡ
һĨʧ䣬Ǭ泯Ϧദͬͬ˯ʲôЦ
ɽ첻֣ͻôķӦ
ѵ뿪Լ꣬бˣйһĨɻ
˲̣課˵һźĹ˸
Ԫǰ誵һ裬ϣȱ裬𡣡
СѵΪ޲ӦҪˣ
˲ǲµˣдȣôΪͻ
Ǿ調ųģƢԣҲ˽⣬ǼִģΪ
Ϊʲôѵǰ飿
ϣˡūֱԡԪ˵ͷһֱ˵Сӣˡ
ʲô˼Ǭ޽ڴˣҪ𣿡
Ԫ̾˵ȻǸжϵģֻһ󣬾Լ뷨Լ飬ϵء˵ǱϾֱ꣬˵ǴߵģһЩҲģദһαˡ
ҡҡͷжɵ󣬲ҿҲֻһӾ͹ˡ

 3 

չã𽹬ҡϣս
ôҲ֪ͨһ̫ҵ˰ɡӼһīɫɷ˽
濴ӼΣ¶˾ΥЦݣеսĵĲңǸ˰ɡ
ҪģС棬ȥ꣬Ȼɣ˲١
ǳˡ
誵ĸȥ֮󣬾誱ڵ̫Ҳĸ¡
Ϊϵڶ֮йϵãӼκ൱˴Сһ浽
ڵѧһ׽˳ˣû˲
ұȽ㲻ȡ裿˵ţ佣žӼߵԺ
˵Կ䣬ʦңԼߣ֮УĽǶ⡣
ӼȳռȻ⧲
ӼεĹǰֵһᣬҲѡ
ϮһܣýһھþӼһƫ˷
Ӽת乥ƣӲٴγɣ첻ɵ
΢΢һЦСˣһɵĺ;ӼζԽ
ûһᣬӼδ죬վԭأһδ
вУЪһӼη½ڵĴһԵë
Ͼ΢Ц˵ôѧԼơ
û׼ѧУʦУҪϰʦܸң˵Ҳպա
ЦʦǲˣݵĹʦ֣ȥ˵ЩС
Ҫǳʦֵͽܣ㲻Ǿͳʦˣ
֪ʦ񡣡һЦۿžӼΡ
ҳӣñ񣬻Ĳͷ˰ɡӼ첱ӣ滹Ҫ
ˣˣ㻹ҪʦȣҸʦţҴȥݣʦת
ӼεͷӹţŽ˻Ǵ򲻹ˣһҪһֳ
𣿡潾ĵһ½⣬ʮʱѾҵĶˡ
Ӽγգգ۾ô˵ֵĹҲǿԽ
Ժֻ˲ĿܡͣӲãнҲǲˡ
ӼεıԽԽ֣Ϊţ˵ҾֻһУ϶˵ʦľС
СеǸͣʲôͣϤŨصĲףӼΪʲôҪԼգ۾ˡ
ûԼ֪
εת潫ӸһԵ̫࣬ͷ
С˼ǣϵ׳ӼһЦǰΧǾ誵ɫȴˡ
ô᲻֪ӼζĻˮݺݵһۣæ˵׳꣬˵׳ֻ꣬æڳշ
ĵͷ׳꣬ҲԱԣ޿Сʲôˡ
Сϲ赶Ū調ϲҲ˲ʦָ㣬нˣ˵һʱʶ˱Ϊɵʦٻʱ誱ԶԶĶˡ
һͷۣ˵ԼʮֲԸ;誱ȽӮҲҲǡ
ڻǰ赶Ūףܾıʮԡ
ʲôʱôǫˡӼһֲ´ı顣
С棬ǿ޵Ľ𡣡˵ţ誳彣һǱؿҪ˹
誵Ľп缲磬书Ψ첻ƣ調죬졣
Уչճȭžսش˹ȥ
誵Ķ䲻죬ϵȣ׼һУֽӹճ˳סֱۣķ˹ȥ
ֺҪ޿ˣǰ˾Ĳ죬Ҳ·ֻ֪Ϻ䲻ʲô³
治óɱУɴӮ˱þûӣֻʵʾһ¡
θۡǰ·θλãʹࡣ
С棬ôˣ
æӵеĽĵĲ鿴
ᣬ˺صԼոյλãһ⣬ָ誸Ҫ
֪ԼƣȺֺЦϾû£һŵҲͷ
СĹȻʽĦĵıҲˡ
Ƽٵĸ̾Щܣæ˵¼书ҺõģҲˣղڳ㵽
ŶЦЦĿ棬Сǲˣ
ü˾еĲ⣬ټ⡣
治˵ҲٴȤ濴һۣ˵Ϣ
岻ʣ˯ˡ
͸һζĳ߹ú̥⺢ӺҪĪκʧ
㶵ĵͷü͸һɻ͸ôͻȻôˡ
ǬԪ
жӼһߡ
̫˼ʱ߶㣬ʱҲҪȻΪްôˡ
ڿЦӼȴò
ȻᣬصȴࡣԴ̫ӵ˷財֮ȻϲĶӣˡ
ȻҲ̫ĸкܴϵȻĻλĸȴʮֲʡһֱ󣬿Ѿˡ
˵ЦˡӼæЦɢˣܣԺע⡣
š誵˵ͷСԼڹµ㿴̫Ҳ
Ӽβ˲ͷ亹һȦӣƵص㣬ΪԼĸָʲôþ課¡
סӼεͷͻȻԼǷšЩԥҪҪ߾誡
Ͼ˽£߱δⲻѡԾ誶˼˵δϲʲô֪˽¡
˵֪ԼԼС¶Ҫˡ
˼ȥӼξûԼȽҪ
Ҳһдʦţþ֪ҲûʲôС
СʦĸĺܺãոҸʦһš
ͻأô仰誵Ȼ׾ӼεС˼
һ룬µ⡣
課úЦ
ʵҪʲôԼ˵ûܴӦı㶼ˣҪôЩ˼Ūô鷳
調ԪԪߵӼҪǷš
ӼЩԥСʵ֣ϾС˽ţǾˣǲǲã
û˵ȴѾЦòС
ֻԼɵܻܵڹ׼˾ӼλŽ
Щĵıµ޼
Ӽοž誵񣬱һ亹˫ֲܿƵĽŽ˳ȥ

 4 

֪誻ῴĵûнŷ
ŵݺܼ򵥣ǰ޷һЩʦʺͺѣصں档
ʦҵ磬Լڹ档
誽·źãʳָڰϣ˼ֻ«ﵽʲôҩ
ײβʦȥңпԭΪʲôҪԼҵص㻹ѡڹҪԼ֪£
ѵƭɱ磬ԴƽϢԼŭ𣬷Ź
ҡͷԸǾԲ񶾵¡
調˼⣬ã⣬ҪԼǰԼ̸
Ͼûʲôԭµ飬ֻҪԷܸĳ빻
磬빬ǵǡĳԼҪĳ롣
͸һĨεĿЦ
û뵽Լųˣһ죬˼ԼҪôãָоܲá
һΣ治ٵֺõҪĶҪƾԼһƾеĽ
課ЩįĳˣҪԼĿˡ
ѾĻֻΪ˱һûѪԵϵĽ㣬ʵþЩԴס
֣Ӽһԣžɫϵı仯Ѿһ亹
誰װãԪӼΣ˵ȻСиȥţȥúðɡ
Ӽδĵͷףһܹá
ҹ
ڹǽһĻ԰ԼԲ֮ҹʱ档
泶˳ϵ磬θЩۡ
һܺãֻǼǰ˵θһһ䣬θ
׵ҹվУܵ޵Ϣˡ
С棬
һ¾װ¹֮£ɫӰ޳塣
㵹Լ
㣬ẦҡЦ
㵹ǺܻẦҡ߷߲ƽĿ顣
ᵽ£͸һĨɫǸ
ǸʲôãҪǽĺӣǾԲ¡ԽԽҪǴܹ⣬Լĺݺݴһ硣
òĵ̾˿ˣҲֻˡ
滹Ϊڣ仰Ǻеġ
䣬ҹֳӰŰΧ
ͷһЦøôʦڰɡ
εĽ˽·£һϲһʧ
ǬԪƻ
Ϸϲ豭ڣʱ䣬Ӧòˡ
һڰ˽
Ƕȥɡ誽豭𣬿硣
С棬¡誽סҪȥ棬ºҲйأ㲻ñӡ
ȻʵڲЩʼţ誷ˣҲֻùԹԵվһߡ
֮󣬱һһĳţ調磬Ȼʲôɫ
絹δһϹŵЦһС
治е졣
˵ۺ죬ȻϸϵУͳҲж֮ˡ
ãҪôȥпܴսս
ȿȡͿ˼ֲֿ
誺ޱϻֳһ˿Цݣճ˹Ļ͡
к˴ɱޣС޵һ޲һѣô꣬һֱ׷µĻ֡
һ˴𰸰ɣ
誵ͷʹ˵ʹ죬ʵڲò֤ȻлɣϾ޵ֵܣҪƾʵݲźö֡
˵ɴɱɷŹ벻㻹Ǹʾ͸һɳ
Ҳ̾ϢʵܵܣСӣ˷財һĲġ
һ㶣調еķܵܣȵ۵Ļʺӣ̫ӾԪ㡣
ԪȻʵӣһ㱻Ϊ̫ӣֻϧʮʧˮ˵ӣӴ˷񲡣
һ̫ȻǷӣȵֻúķϵ̫ӣʺӴҲսþ뿪
Ҳ£ʱԪѾ񲣬Լûлɹǰ̫ӡ
ǣװ衣
뵽治һ亹
ټ٣ټ棬⹬﾿Ŷɱ
Ǿ׷Ķ
ʵʲôãֵˣҪȥģû˼粻мƲƲ졣
ȴΪ⣬˼Ӧˣ
ѡ𣿡Цһ
޻չ˺ĸӵġ
ͷ棬ҿ⹬ûһˣҪǲʱҡ
˵꣬ţʧ˺ҹ֮С
ҰС治Ҫ˵ɫڡ
ƲƲ죬˵Ļеģˣȷʵҳһû£ǳҲˡ
С档֣ᡰ˲٣Ĳã𡣡
ͷһش𣺡ǻϣǳӣȻǰһ
ҡҡͷߵǰС棬飬ˣ
誵ͷĶ˫ۡ
һ˲䣬ɶһ£ܿ죬ǿԼ
治֪ôش
˵һ˶鹢ڻЩ顣
ȫԼĸܣǿ£Բ⣬
ý⵽Ϊʲô˵ˣҲᶮ
治˵̲סһ̽
С棬Ĳԣʺ壬㲻Ҫˡ
˵ţ֣ؿڣ»
һ˰̣浲ھǰ棬ӦѾûˡ
ǽ̵òеθҪϴȻһȴӴθ
ۼĺϣҪ˺ȴ˫۾ʱ
Щ꣬˽̵ԼԼ谮ԼȴҲ˺Լ
ȻԼӽ誣ΪڱǬĸöѡ
Щ꣬ԼˣԼôûид
ֻǣЩ±һľףҪһȴ̫ˡ
СһУ裬Լ֪жôɿԼҰһڱ˵
ůϤĴʶĶһ£æ˺һƿǰˣüһһξ롣
ôˣɻĿž誣Լ󣬾ȴһ۵ӡ
Щ㣬޷Щƶѡ
ˣ׷ʣദ꣬ʹһ΢СĲͬ涼ܹ׽ĵϾ̫˽ˡ
֪棬̹ףһСˣûйϵ
Դ㣬ԲһСˣով׷飬治
ҿ治ģԼһѾ˵ĺˡ
û¡
治ٷϻһ誵¡
ؿɢҵĲЩѾѪı¶˿ڲ֣Ѿ˺ɫ
ôػ˵û£Щ£֪Ҫǹʲô⣬ԼҲǰˡ
³֪ͶķڣҶļʱֻǲƵƤϵĶЩѸ㡣


 5 

һûлҩɴ˿ϣľ誴ʹѣҲΣ˳һԵϣð亹
ȥ̫ҽ
Сס֡
ף˵鲻̫֪鷳
ʵλ۴ĸ潲Ǿֲ誵ġ
ǳżڶ룬ƿ͢Ȼ٣ԼΪʵۡ
Ҷǳı꣬ȴһȡʤĹʵȻвʡ
誵ǻ꣬Ȼֶδ˺ܶ쵳ϾЩȫ壬ᶯҡ͢
ʱʱͻᾭһİɱȻѾΪСģⲻ˻ˡ
ҽԪȥȡҩ
潫Ԫ˽ԸȥݣʦҩȻˮСİϴ˿ڡ
С棬ߣá۵϶Ǻס֣۶㡣
治ȹһҪȥҲҪЩɾԼһֻ֣һЩʹࡣ
ůůģյĸˣܿ죬Ͳ·ˡ
潫誵˿ɾԪҲҩˣ潫ҩھ誵˿ϣ½˿ڰá
ҩЩۣЧȴܺãһϣͺˡ
С棬һ۰Ǿ誾ԼѾˣǾʹʮأѾ۵޷վֱĳ̶ȡ
˿ϵĶʮԣҩȻҲҪһЩҩʮʦֻһƿʦ֣ǿҵĹϵϣʦǾԲҩóġ
СЦͷԼҵˣôá
žڴ£סָ
С棬ܲһ۵˯š
誵ĲУϵȴ˿δ
浱Ȼ֪һ漸ּ٣ҪܣҲʾǸ˵ķϣҲԸġ
ãҲߣ˯ɡھ誵ĴߵϣС
һɣôҲ㡣誼ôߡ
ϵҲôۣȻˡ˵žҪ
ߡæס棬ǾôӲ̫ˣҪǲԸ⣬ҾٰŴ
ž課԰׵ɫ滹ˣô鷳˯ɣ˯Ҿˡ
ǡ誻˵
һĿɨĿڣǺðɣҿ˯ҲҪȥϢ
ͷ誷ĵı۾ϻЦݣս֡
Σ誺ȣ˯ˡ
ԪǰյߣˣӦѾ˯ˣҲȥϢɡ
ͷȥϢɣҩңٴЩˡ
˵ʲôЩūӦġ
ҲʱھǱߣÿŹչˡ
ôҪߣ
ܰɡͷȥһаɣҽ㡣
ɫɵ˫ۣҩȥ˯ûҪȥϢһ
򿪵ţͿһӣڴ档
˶һۣЩȣȻһΡ
Ȼ͸©˵飬벻ʲôɽԼΪʲôڻʵ۵޹һϡ
񽥽ı˱ģȻ뵽ĵطȥˡ
簡˯ÿɻãһ˵ѿ
һףҲ䣬£ȸˡ
վסһϵıʮѿҲش𣿡
̫Ů͸̫ĹϵӲھ誵ĺ̫Ϊ
誵ĺ󹬱ûʲôˣûܺĺ̨ȼģˣںν˵һ
ͣ½ŲȻԸٶҲ֪ı̫󣬲Ӿǲ̫ӣϾҪڹʵڲԸ̫鷳
һȻˣԽȥʻϲ֪𣿡
ʲô̬ȣ㣬ͱش𡣡ģУֱӷͳûȫйϡ
治˵ƸʤЦܹ̾ǧѽ治֪ǸϹʲôԻҩǲҪ
ԣ֪ӿڳ档
Ԫæ˹˽ŵļƣæ취תƻ⣺СŵϺ򽫾̸һս£˯¡
ʮֲмһٸڻΪҲ֪ôҵĲˣ
С档課֪ʲôʱӵ˳۶ϣûһ㡣һû˯ͱڻȥˣֱ˯һɡ
\"ϡ\"æһЦݣĶʳУǳûľΪϰѩ˿࣬㰾ʱ֪θǿշá
θãһ䡣
ϲǶ˵ξȻ͵ĶȤæ˵ȻǳѡףŴɿڣθõġ
誵ͷ
͸ڲزסϲãϲʵĲУҲܹлˡ
Ԫ˹еʳУС棬ȻθãȺ࣬ȻϢɡ
⻰ˣž誶е޲ðǰ˺ˡ
ϣǳصΪ׼ġģͼܹת⡣
ûٴתص˵
ϡڲĵĽкʮֲˬȴ޿κΡ
Ԫȥ˵Ĺô࣬Сеģ˿ʧͳһҪ׼ϳҪǵˣ̫Ҳ˵ﲻµġ
߸˵׼һΪܵþ誵ۣ뵽һ̫඼ܽѵĵزʮֲģҲֻڨڨˡ
ǬԪ
誴ʳУѩ˿໹ðڵ
ģҳ˲̫ʰɣ
䲻ô࿴Żˣȥ˯
ֲ֪誣ҲͲƴǣӹ
Ͼ̫ˣҪӵģ̫ڳлЩûҪͻ
ֻЦЦĳ԰ɣһϵģ̫Ҳôˡ
ʦֵҩȻûģҿɫضѾȥ߰˰ˣʵûҪЩϻ
㲻ʣô֪Ѿҵأ
һ㶣еû׾誵˼
Ҳ仰еǸɷŮˡ
ǣæתƻ⣬ǰֻ֪ʦ书ǿû뵽ҩ˽Ҳ͸Ժǿʦ̫ҽԺЩͷϿΡ
ʦҰף϶ǲԸġ
Ұ𣿡ЦҰôܽϢ鲼ϱĹܶҲ֪飬ʦɡ
ϲ֪ʵʦЩ顣꣬£һԵë˲졣
調ֿ꣬ŨصĺȦæԪ׼̡
ˣԺٸ޽ȥú˯һɡ

 6 

ʱѾǰˣ˴Ϲȥԡ
缸;˵ҪᵽĸסʧΪڹס졣
Ҳû֣ϾǬʱ޵ǸۡпʮûסˣһȷʵС
治ϲ˸ţϡٵĵطԼһ˳ߡ
ţߵһĹ滹ԼһЩ
Щ֣Ĳݴʮưܣֻһ˲ȳС·ܹǿͨѵס
誵ǻ֮󣬱ǲɢȵδĹɣӦòĳ乬ľ
ֹʵڲ룬ͷʱѾˡ
ʲôˣ档
ưܵĹܳһθߴˣЩ֣ϻŲ͵Ӥʣһ˫¶ٶۣôҲһˡ
ĹŮæţˤȻǳδţƺֻǸĺͯ
ǹŮһ̧ͷҲվڲԶ档
𣿡Ů̽ʵ
Ҳϳǰǲȫˣȵ۳ķ̫ӾԪ㡣
ϵңü
ǹŮͷǰʱԶԶ
ϾȻʺĹŮȻԳˮϴľˣȴɾ£ϻصװĲǷһɵˡ
ס𣿡ʵԪȻɵϾȵ۵ӣǵز
ŮҡҡͷϸүסֻүϲİĻүСסĵطʱ棬˲ŻȥǴСźүĹŮүֻҸš
誸ŵĵطٺãҲǸһļΰˣԪ˵ɵҲܸܵĵ治Щꡣ
ӣӣӡԪͻȻڵҲȣҵҵء
¿һŮæӻͳһھԪεıǰԪ˼ڣȻ䡣
𾪵ĳ۾ŵĿžԪǸ
Ǹķͼʵ̫Ϥˡ
ʦϲСװЩҩ裬滹ʹʦͼǻʼã˽ͼĶѵ鷳
ʦֻЦ˵Թ㣬ϴ㣬һᣬͼഫҲǸѡ
ʱҲûж룬ϾʦҰףסĵطˣֻԼסöѣʲô¡
ҲΪͼʮ⣬Żһע⵽ԪεңҲ㡣
ܴĹŮԴͼպúʦƣȻֿ֪΢΢
ҲʵںѰʦ;Ԫϵһ
Ȼ֮ǰ;誵ĶԻԼ˵ʦҰף誵ıƺЩмʱԼδϸ⡣
лᣬһҪúʦ¡
¾ʱʱģҪҲܰ
ңʲôҵ־Щͻֻ̽Щġ
Ҳ֪ŮĪȻǲԸ̸
еɻˣȻʣŮȴĻ
ˣ¼ʹʲôҲ޵鷳Ϊݣûĸףû˵ɵˣҲǽ
Ϊʲô˵Щ治⣬ڹõ˶׻ӿڳĵֻǶԼ˵ġ
ŮЦҡҡͷûʲôһ˻׵ģʱ򣬻Ҽҵ¿ˣҪŵ»ȥˡ
˵꣬ŮžԪ㣬첽߳ܿӰûһƬư֮ܵ
ֹҶ˵ȴֲ˵ףһͷˮʵҲʲô˼·뵽ڵ飬˵ʲôջԼҲͲõĲ²ˡ
ϣԪص棬ۡѾϣͿȥˡ
ȻԸ뿪ʮּ֣ƫҪȥȰҲͲǿ
Ǭ꣬Ǭ氲һۡشƫƧƾɼª
طֻס£Ȼ誾µΪɣ
ʱոճ˶Լˣо誵շ˸ǹıãԼҸһʱ⡣
һ·ͣһƧĽ³ǰľͼеȫһ
ҵСûˣɫʯظɾ룬ưܵԺǽһ£ݵļɸߣſڵֻʯʨӣצƱˣһš
ɵĸۡƫƧĵطĳٹڽҰ֮
ЩʲôۻϹŵҶ֣дΣͨͨԱߵǵʵ۵ıš
\"ˣǻƵͼֽ滹ɣ\"Ԫǰʵ
üǿĵ˵ͷָָϵҶ᲻̫ߵˣ
Ԫæҡͷ˵ϲĴ˾ס⣬صңлҶΪʡȥܶ಻Ҫ鷳
лʵ۵ıӻȻһ˲ʲô鷳鷳ҲǺ⡣
Ŵ򿪣Ԫ߽棬Ժ޲ʲôСˮȴҲƲ쾰˹ġ
ô𣿡
ͷֻһװ֪ʲôʱѾ˽
ôˡЩ죬ǰطû뵽רһˡ
ôģȻŶء
Ȼϲ˵֪˼ǹԼﻹǺůЦлǿҹſڸլ˭ҽ
С书޵УȻʲôС֣޵ĵĵˡ˵˵ţЩį
֪ˣԺǵùšҲ֪ôˣֻ˳˵
ô޽ȥ𣿡
濴ɫת磬ҲЦʲôģõ𣿡
誵ͷҲЦʵǰ𣿡
Ͼأ治߽ݡ
誵ЦţæҲ˽ȥ
Ԫæ˵裬̿
ӵĳ軹ɡ
¿˿£ܷԼڵķŵȻҵֱʣԼ챦Ȥ󣬡иסĵطУͦõġ
ЩСǵ𣿡ߵһԵϣһµĵ񻨺ӣóһľ
ľһ߶೤̣һСߣһɫİЩͷˡ
滹Ϊŵʲôû뵽ԼСʱߣ²ӿͷⶫôš
СϲŪǵʱ潣֣ޱ㿳ԺһСһľľûȤӵһңҵʱ޿
\"֡\"Ȥָźһװ֣ʱҲдޱһӣġȫдԵĵһ֣ȻŤģҲܿԲڴˣû׼ѾǸ鷨ˡ
һεĿǸһ֣ʵҲܿ
Ȼ誳ڻͯȤµϲ֮Уָָһ
д̫ڣĵȣޱϺҵһҹ飬ôصĶҲϧĵһǡ
ô˵Ҵǰ̫ƵġͷЦЦǰʱⵥãܹ誣һˡ
㶮µĺܣʱϣ㲻Ҫô¡ס֣
Ȼþ誵ܺ͵͵˵Ҳһ˵ĹƻеĳУֻҪԼǰһͻᱻȥҲ޷롣

 7 

Լ᲻ǰһҳޱߵ֮Уæת˻⡣
ҽڹԪˡ
誽ŻغǺã£ƽĻصʱڹܣҲ
ƺﲻԣȻҲ˵ʲôط
沢û˵йԼʦĲ֣Щ飬²
Ŷβʵʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷҲûС
ϾֻԼĻɣûиݵ˵»ʦ鷳˵¾ûз
ã滹Ǿòģʾ誡
ʦ˽٣
𣿡˼Ҷ˽⣬һ̫࣬⣬ôȥ롣
ʦϦദ꣬Ȼ˽⣬ǣϸȴԼ˽Ĳࡣ
調˼ӣЩˣھҲ㰲ˣʲôš
Ҳû룬˼˵ս½ƣҲôʱˣǸûȥˡ
δ֮еʢŭ誵ɫûʲô仯ֻǵʵôȥ
Ȼϣ沢²誵˼ΣһҪȥ
ҪʼգһΣұȥ
ЩΣ֪ס㣬ڸգĺܡ
誴Ӧôʹ죬Щ˼
һһʤ̻ҲңԺġ
ԳһЦûǵðΪµĵز򲻴ʤ̵ν޶ֻһҪ󡣡
ͷţ誺֣¡
һҪƽ
˵֣أҲЩˣϾǧ֮ңǰ·δټ֪ʲôʱˣĪһ˿
ǿЦЦĺˣԱһеġ治ģôӼκһȥ
һҡͷ鷳Ͳˡ
ھҲǴţȥһ£ȥˣҲи˵
課Ҳһ·ԼһʵڹµþӼһȥҲãͷͬˡ
ˡ誺ȻʲôҪڹа磬μӹ߰ɡ
磿ɻ󣬾誴˲һ㣬˵ףˣǰһ춼֪
ΪãȻҪúף
仰֣ԸȻӦ˲ΪͲᷴڡ
治ٶ룬ϾԼҲʱʱ̿ߣ֮黹ҪԼӦ
誺һɫЩ˯ˣ誱Ԫعˡ
ȥޡջ誱Ըȥˡ
ãӼα㱻Žˡ
٣Ӽβ֪ʲô飬ЩҲʮ־н
ɡ誷еĲ豭˵ʱ䣬һȥ
ʲôҪҺһȥǰߣ
Ӽξ°ͶҪ˵ȷʵȥǸˣԼսһϲͨҾ誴ԼȨһôһ̬
޵ĵܵܣҲҪȥһ·Ҳܻչˡ
Ӽķ£֪һԼȥԼֲ£Ȥ˵Сϵãչģﵹиѡ
誵Ŀѵõ뿪ϵ̧ۣͷӼΡ
ǻߵĴŮⰡСչ棬ϸģʵٺʲˡ
誵ɫ˲ڣСʱһһеУһӿͷ
ӼһЦǾ誵ߣֻһ誣ڱѹȵĸоƽһЩ
ʵȥչС棬Ҳһ˼
ӼѾ뵽һ⣬ھǰֵԼ̫һԼֻ顣
Ӽι֪һɻĿ誡
޵ĵܵܣŵù㣬ǰߵҪõҾŷ
Ӽβ˲ߵĺһԲԲǸײ£ףʲô첻Ҳǲס
֮⣬Ҳ档
ѵжģӼβ˸
ҡͷ֪СΪˣϲᱳޣҲΪĵشƣױ˰ѿأ´¡
һӼȫͬ˴͸ɾǿ͸ȻѡԵĺԱ˵Ļֻǵñ˵ĺá
ַģּȻŵùܣһʹ
ͶĿ⣬Ԫŵ̴ӵݸӼΡ
ϹذףӲ࣬ɴëϷ㽻棬սȻƴսҲչܣذ
ӼνӹӣʣΪʲôԽ棿
޸ӹأδؿҪڼ޲Щ
˵誶ܵܲôһƬ鵹þӼζݣԼǸˡ
ּȻ˲棬β˵ھǡ
εЦ\'ǿҲԣǲҪģҪģףûѡˣҲѡˡ
飬ԾܾҲܾܾӼβЩġ
ӻʵ۹ʱ仹̫Ӽαֱȥ̫
ҹƻͨҲһ¡ǽֻ֪ƣĽţƵĿһĨɫ
¡
ߵ̫ĹǰӼͻȻס̧ͷֻżŮմ̫
Ӽεͷ񣬡
ǿһЦˣ̫ΪŮ㻹ǰþͺá
ӼεıЩӲȻټΪ⳼Ӧܻ䣬³ˡ
ϵʧ䣬Ҳ˵˵ͷ·˳
Ӽο첽߹ûٿһۡ
ȵȡӼεıӰǽס
ɻʲô£Ӽתʵ
ҧҧ촽Ҫ˵ʲôֻ³֣û¡
Ӽεĵ˵ͷ˽ȥ
̫󿴼Ӽʮָˣæ£Ĺץԡ
⺢ӣҲ֪æЩʲôʮҲһΡ
̫һϷۣ£Ѱ̫ǰ毺õݿֻʮӡ
ոտˡӼոӣЩܡ
ʲôǸûõĶ˶ᣬǸŮռȡ˵̫еԱ
ĸףѾ̫ˣ˭ǲӣαزġ
̫һôûõĶӣǸֵһ뾫㣬Ǹλϵ˶
ĸף鲻Ҫ˵Ӽܿ˿ʮֽš
̫ҲԾʧԣΪ̫󣬿սսһ滹Լôġ
Ȼ̫˵ʵ飬ӼҲֻȰʲôսսˣֻҳ̰棬Ժˡ
̫̾Ұ⹬УʲôףǶǵϵĶ֣ˣǵҲܰһЩҰ
ĸȻѾֺαΪأĸ˫£Ҳס
Ůͱǣû֪Ϊãҵôո
µѾû˻ͷ·ӼȻ̣ǾֻϣҪǣܹȵڹжȹһ

 8 

ǹ
µ۵ǻеһʢᣬع£ӣҲ˰ͽĶһȺΧߣ˵Цš
ҲĵԱߣĵĿ˵Ц
µ˶׷۵Ҳ²һֱĺλ̫ӵѡ˳Ҳһ׽
ʢȴ˼ľƣʵڶӦ᲻񣬱Ҹ
ʢ裬ܵҲ˴ˣȥŰͽᣬʲô
ϷʵĿʱ˵Ĵѵõ徲룬תͷͿӼβ֪ʲôʱԼԱߡ
㲻ú̫󣬵Ҵʲô
ллˡӼЦ˵
лʲôû˿ھƣ
ͻ˵һȥİɣٲȥҾǶ˻ôһˡ
¾ƱЦһȰ㻹ǲҪ˵̫磬õʱ˵ҽıŸܡ
ᵽһľӼҲЦݣҲûʲôܼҲˡ
\"ҽԶ㣬ҲΪá\"
ˣˡӼͻȻʲôӻͳһСɵĺӣ͸ġ
ӹӴ򿪣һѰƴСذףһ򿪣㺮ˡ
ڹʲôҪˣæѺӸϣ¿ûעߡ
ҺòŪذףıһذ׸չ֮ǸӻƵأѴұˣذǾԵϵġ
ү꣬ϲתƵذ׺Ͱ棬֮٣֮ߣƾ֮ǧѵáϧ֮ǰñվ飬ｫ٣ϵĸһֶĹ
Ҳ˵仰ѣôصĶͲˡ
֪ⶫ˵ֵҲһ㲻ΪңǮûлԵҲ򲻵ġ
ӼæѺ滳ƣذһ£򡣡
ʲô
Ӽγ漷˼۾
泯žӼεĿ⿴ȥûƴǣذˡ
ֲҸ㣬ĶиԼģɲ˵ġ
һͣ誶Ʊλվ
ĺƽٷϴˣ˲¡УΪ֮ӣޱΪ̫ӣԼ̹ͳ
˻һڽԾ죬׳ż̫ӣ׵ɣûĺΪ̫ӵĵ
Ͼ̫֮ҲҪȺӳ֮ŮҲ֪ȻгҪȰɣûҪھ誵ͷϴüͷ
з磬ƳʲôӼοĶ˵
תͷӼΣĿʾ졣
ӼοЦһҲֻǺ˵˵㲻º𣿡
ԾӼεĴϻۺͶԼ˽⣬֪ضǺ޲ֻԼȻҲвõĸоȴԺͱ˵ֻĬһһĺȾơ
֣Ǹ˵ӣ߳̾ǱȻһЦ⣬ȴѾƵˮȣҴûȳǺȵˡ
̧ͷ誣͸ŵģ誾ǳģһܲһأȻǴ쵽ӣضزס
ȥȰٺһЩ룬ֳϣԼݻԶԶźá
ţԪ֪ʲôʱ˹
ˣϺȵЩˣ˭Ȱɫ鷳ȥȰϻȥɣֺôãܲˡ
汾ܣԪһ䣬˵ԼȻһĸԼķִ磬ǵȾ
Ԫһߡ
С棬ˡ調æ¾Ʊзâ
ϣعϢɡ
á誶˵һķֱվˣߡ
Ȼƿ誣֮ͥҲðȻ˦ֻš
ȻŹѵõĺûᣬžƾ޲ðӶϡ
ߵԶˣûˣ˾һѣԼߡ
ȻƣȴĴһƣǽץлૡ
С棬߲ſҡ
շ죬ģˤҲĺƿ
֪Լãαغôơŭ
ץֿЦһ뵽ҪˣҾͺܣֻкȾƣʱЩ顣
誴ӲԹһ߶Щ飬žƾ˵ЩǵҲ
ֲǲˣαġ
С档˵ž˫ϣ˽ĺţ֮ǰȥ겻أô֪һȥ᲻
̧ͷ΢ľǰǸϡ
ǻΪơ˵һ룬ǰѬľͷԼ￿ţ۾˯ˣ㽫ʣµһ˻ȥ
ֻý²ʡľͻ޹ٺá
ˣɿҰɣҪˡž誵ҪԼϳ
С棬ұһ£ͱһºòá
誸ոջ˯һְѵĿ˹ҲƶǼٷ档Ը֣Ҳ̫Ūˣ˾סˡ
С棬ұһ°ɣˡ
誽ž׷ŷңһధı飬ҵĺܡ
ӣѾ֣뵽ҪֱԼҲܵĲУž誺ˣûҪƽ̫ࡣ
ǣ治ٶɾ誱סԼ
ͷļϣһ㣬ǶҪȥˡ
С棬Ӧң
ս֮ϣ˲Ϣ䣬زҪӦ䡣
һӦң㲻Ҿȥ㡣°͸ļϣĺӡ
ˣɫϻЪϢɡ
С档˫ֻ棬˰ҪǲӦҾͲ֡
øһʵڽͨҲǰ취
ֻõͷ˵Ҿɡ
ȻûеõȷĴ𸴣誻ЦЦȥɣ·Сġ
˵ţɿ֣ĿıӰ뿪ɻ˴ϡ
ϣˡ
Ԫ֪ʲôʱ˽˾۵Ļζ
誰˰̫ѨһԵȻɫ죬Ѿ֮ǰ⣬˵š
һԵϣϾһȲ衣
޾֪һ
еĲ豭һոտϷı顣
ƣװɾ۸ϲÿɳ𣿡
㲻˽뵽誾һͷʹ޽ôˣ

 9 

̫ȷʵʦй
ü̫һǰýλ
ҡͷ²ֹô򵥣Ƿ̫ӲҲֻǳһöӡ
̫ҲֻӶѣ⵹˼ΪͽǴʲộ
ڽ̽Ϣ࣬ô𾴣뻹ûк档
һ˼͸˵˼ܴĦ߰˷Ҫǳб⣬ά
ٵȥҲˣ𣿡磬ѯеȴ˲
ԳЦЦһʲôѡ𣿡
誺⣬ԸΪ£Ҳ㡣
ҪǣôʹǿԽȥӴ֮Ī˽ߣԺôаӡ
뵽˼ֻϣܿΪµϣδҺһ
ûлشֻǵ˵ʮպ޻ǰ
⣬ҪҰæݡ
ҡͷɫ͸һҪ˽
ҹ紵ŷ羪ȣԼˣ㲻ϣݰʱ˴ǰߣѵϣ䣿
˵仰Ҳһ
㲻ʡش
Ȼף֪ԽԽս±ϾغյİΣһʧܣȻ
Ȩǿһ֮ƿȴΪŰ
課û¶һȻĵ΢Цһս¹عˣҪʤǰһ˵Ҳ޹ش֡
ڽҲǰ׻ģһ㣬ҲĻµ߰˰ˣս²Ҿŷﵹǽͷ󻼣Ҳǰߣ˴ҴҵȥˣһĽֻ»ܴ
Զǧĺڵɫѹȥһ˲֮䣬޲ý֮УҲԼƿأһ˲֮ҲֻԳЦЦ̾ǹΪӣҲƿġ
ãش𣬡ֻˣ޲Ҳ뿪ǵ¡
Ҳиţǻضʹࡣ
̾ҲЩ̣Ҳû취飬Ҫѷݵǣܰġ
飬Ҳ֪һң粻ȥ룬תʵҰݽˣ֮Ҫô
ݴްźõĵطЩʱ޻ٴѺݵֻһںսް㲻صġ
ͷǴӦˣϧˣƵˣô䵽
課ΪȻϹŵЦ⣬˵䵽ء
¶أӪȼ췹ʱҾŷվڸ̨֮ϣԶѹѹĵоɫء
͢ѵӪҲˡ
ҾŷصһĨϲɫ汾ȥӭӡ
һһԶԶϵĽףһϮɫ磬Ӣ˷緢쵽ӼκǰüĿһһϲ
ʮҲʮ꣬ӼԴˣ۾û뿪Ҿŷϣ޲ð˿
Ҿŷȴûһ㣬Цź˵򽫾һ·Ͽɻ˳
湰ֵ˳Σ
Ҿŷ̾ӲݣӣۿҪ붬ϲˡ
ҾŷɫȰοܻлġ
һ·ۣȥϢһ°ɡ
ۼҾŷתҪߣӼһʱ鼱æסӣȻĿҲ˵
Ҿŷͷü˾Ӽһۣʵкָ̣
Ӽα׼һӵĻҪ͵Ҿŷ˵ģ˵ǰ뵽Լδϲֱ֪Ӻ˵
ãŶ˶촽һ仰ҾţҺ㡣
Ҿŷüĸˡ
ЦһϷı顣
ӼȴΪȻקŵҾŷӣҲ֮£Ц档
Ҿţ㶼ˣҲҪϧԼ塣
Ҿŷֻ֣ΧбˣҲö
Ҿţ𣿡
Ҿŷ̲̣һֽ̧Ӽ˦Ȼ˵ĩһľϾġ
ǺðɡӼʧĵͷ㲻ңܣҲ㡣
ҾŷɫԽԽڣ棬򽫾ȥϢˣ
ۿӼεô򲢲ЧҲֻøӼʹɫ뿪ˡ
һ·ϣӼһ࣬˵ˡ
ʵۣƽ񣬾ӼУ࣬ΨҾŷ۾ӼþֶΣûá
С棬˵ҺòҾŻ˵һ䣬ô顣
ЦЦôɵˣǶҪһ͵ҽ˵𣿡
ӼλȻ򣬡ô㣬ҿʱҵҽ̸۾
ǣϣӼαҾŷ˵Ҫ˽顣
ҾŷԼǰһһˡ
ĩ򽫾ҲǸոյˣ飬Ӧ͵һҾŷһ¹ӡ
վڵҾŷεĳžӼƲƲ죬ʾΡ
еĶ磬⣬ôˣӼһȴҲ޴й
޺޵ҧҧ촽óϣ򽫾ȥѲӳǷսһ˽ɡ
ǣĩȥͲߣȵҾŷ˵æ˳ȥ³ٱ׷ϡ
ҾŷҲûʲôʾˣս䣬ҾѾ̫ãƣϲˣ붬֮ǰҪȡһʤС
ҾšӼθûҾŷ˵ʲôֻͬ⶯ĴǷ䵭ı飬ֱ
£ҾŷӼεԳѡ
㶼ˡӼξ˵Ƥǰ˲٣ɣɹá
˿̲飬ǾϢĩˡ
ȻӼæקסҾŷ֣˵Ҫ붬ǰɡ
ҾŷͷҾӦ̫Ҫ붬ǰսپ
ҪഩЩ·㿴ֶô֪ϧԼ
ûб飬ĩͲŵϢˡҾŷĽק˳
Ӽһһ飬׷ᣬҺòײ￴Ļᣬ㲻Ҫòá
ĩ飬ҶԵ²
ҾšӼϳβһóһ򿪣һ硣֪㲻ϲ̫࣬׸Ҿָһ磬Χڲϣֲ׸ֿů͵㡣
ҾŷĿͣһ˲Χϱ׾ţһů⣬˵²ð˼
ӼοҾŷɫлͣæ˵Ҫһ£Ұе˼ҲԸ⡣
»ء
ãأºòá
Ҿŷûж
Ӽοûж˼һֱ磬ǰһΧ˵ҾŷĲ䡣
ˣȥɣҪϢˡӼµҾŷڣܾĻᣬڰȥ
ҾŷȻԸپҲû˵ʲô˳ȥ


 10 

һȥպÿѲӹ棬ŵҾŷΧŵĺãһЦ⡣
ɽѩƤ֮ůǧѵãѵõǣΪ㣬ѧŮ졣
ůȫҾŷ΢΢ŤŤӣ̰ѵõůսϵۣʲôŪʲô
ҽ仰˵һ˵ұ֤졣
Ȼģ㸺ûʱ
ǹҪ£ôϾ̫ӣȥҲˡ
Ҿŷ˵ٱͶ飬ǺŹӣڹ֮Уӿвµ뵽Ӽα޶˾ЯҲΪġ
ҾŷԶããԭҰһĨݣΣⳡӮˣǾͶƽˡ
ҹ˳꣬ˣʿΧſ𣬵ֵ⡣
սٳٲȻѩϼ˪ǣиոսӵ͢;б٣ηǱӡ
о˵ı쳣ء
ּ͢ٴγＯһʱ䣬Ǭ߳ǣȴʱҾŷһɽ죬Ǩսù£ؾҲ֡
λʲôҾŷУüչ
һϽǰһ˵ĩȻּˣҲּܿ񣬲ʱ˱ܱ߳ǣ㡣
ڽԵͷʾͬ⣬ȷʵյ
Ҿŷֻüţ˵ͬ⣬Ҳ˵ͬ⡣
оѾôʱ䣬ǲùҲһʱ˱νǰ治ͬһڣһƬ˽Կ
Ͻ⻰һЦ˭ף˿ûʳҪô죿
˵лʳһٸĳһ٣ǻ֧Žʮ죬ʮڣһ취ݡ
ǽмЦƿСʲôб³ݣиý㣬ּҲ£ǿɱȲˡ
ǰһ˽ӿ˵򽫾Ӱɣ֪򽫾ǱǬأ
ͶսȴӸλǾݳϡ
˵ΪѵλǾû˲ˣ
ϰڳȻﲻҲٸ˵Щʲô
ּأֻտڵĳŵȴԶԶģ˲ĿתߵĵҾŷϡ
Ҿŷã˵ϵǵּ⣬˿̾Ա˶Ϊѡ
ã̧ͷСȴʱ˾ǰ򽫾ҽԼһױʹãʮ֮ڣؽ֮ΣԾáڿּһ£Իһе޹ء
ֵ֧ҽľӼ˵ּϹ׵壬޹أڽҽָӵǲɣģвӣá
Ҿŷھ˵һһڣҲͶ
ã̸ףĽڵЦ
˳ʣӼκ͵Ҿŷ棬顣
潫Լļƻ˵һ£𾪵Ŀ档
Ӽξƻʵ̫ðգ̲סһΣҪǵݽٹ
ͷ
ǵҾŷץסص㣬ô֪·ߺʱ䣿
˵Ҳ֣֮ǰյʦ˸͵ţû˵κ飬ֻǵ·߼ʱ
ɻ󣬵Ҳ벻ԭίֻǽݰ¡
һϢóʦ˾ȷ⡣
ϢȻ׼ȷֵðһԡ
ҾŷͷǾڽҪƹǵĴʵΣأǳɹǻʱȷʵҲֵһԡ
Ӽƻȴ亹ֱҾŷһֻս£ȫȻԼİΣĳʲô£벻誻öᡣ
ʲô𣿡ҾŷӼɫá
ӼȻҪ֪Ը϶飬ǾڴˣҲοԼˣȥˣԼȴҲĲ¡
ӼҧҧˣȥӣҪǳ飬ˡ
СȻܾ㲻ǵ飬ո󣬿ڹУҾ£ҲӰ졣
Ҿŷ˾ӼεĲģ˵˵ǣû˱ҸϤȥɡ
ԲСӼμæϣǾ˧ôܹ롣
£زּǡ
ҲУͬ⡣
ˣǲҪˡ濴úЦȥɣģҲµġ
µȻ˭ϣ˳£ȴҪиȥӼκ͵ҾŷҲ벻õİ취ֻȥһ˳
꣬ЮҶڵϡ
誸ֶŴ꣬̾˿
˵ݱˣ
վ·ϻŷ糾ѥմص
ҰļƻɽɽУҹأ֪İʿϽžƺ͡ȰԼȼȻϣֲҪĴʵ֧ŲסֻĿݱա
調ǵָܱϲϵĦ
޵õϢҪȥǵľ
üһ£Ҫܣε֪ݵĶ򣿡
Ҳ£־һ飬ض֮͸Ϣˣһεˡ
Σü˼ѵʦ
һ£ҲǳΪ
еˣûջҲ޿ܣֻˣʵ̫ˡ
˵ǵݣϣǰܸǣΪʲôҪҲأ
Ҳ⣬еǸ𰸣ȴϣġ
ǲǸϢȥˣһʳҲò⵽
һͷˮ沢ûʲôԲ£ΪʲôҪ
ֻǸӣĿģҪ޳
Ȼ򣬡ΪˣһҪóˡ
ǰµգ޲ڲˣݱգҲڲˣ˫£ǱҪȥһˡ
ĬȻһ塣
誳̾ϵܱڻ֪壬ȴҲҪһԾˡ
̫Σˣбİ취
бô׼Ǭÿһض޵ģ붯ޣûôס
ȷʵҲֻˣڼٳ˹ȥˣֻñ߳Ǿ֮ǰߴ飬ֻ٣ܳͨ裬ڵʱ䡣
û˵ֻ꣬ϣܹˣǧҪ¡

 11 

ŵҾŷѵİСӣҹɫĳС·ƹǵĴֱǵķ
̧֣ͣס֡
Сͣ£ͷĶӳǰʵôˣ
ָԶǵĴ㿴ӦݴӪλá
ӳ˳ָķȥֻݴӪƻͨɭϣ
ü˵ǵĴѾûʲôˣֺαذݴӪôɭϣ
СӶӳҲսôһ˵ҲΣӦô죿
ûлشŬĻʦǷţͼõϢô룬벻ͨΪʲô
ѵʦõϢ
治һ£Լһ£ŴϢðȻȥǣԼİΣСȴʮĴ
ǴšԸ
ھͻ𣿡
ͷǾݳ㣬ôϢǼٵģǾȥˣҲ޹û취Ūʳֻһ취ˡ
ӳ⣺˼ǻǵţðǵĶ飬ȥյǵݣ
ǡԶǵĴ³ֻ֣ϣʹǾдңҽȡʱɡ
ӳҲ̾һȻһȴҲİ취ˡ
Сӻǵţƽǵľӡ
ʲôģǵʿſڣʵ
Ԯģصأκʧгһӣʿ˿
ȥɣȥɡʿͷİ֣ŵģҲһ̣صӶгˡ
治˵ŰСֱݴӪ
С׼ãһӪɢ׼õĻʯ֮Уʱ𣬽ŷӿ
缱ڣԽԽǾѾҳһţʹˮȥҲôۿһƬ𺣡
ҲðǵʿҴУҪѰһᣬЩԼ뿪
ҪңһŽ׵ĽһʼصİˮȻ
濴ˣиǵĴضµģмǹ͵Ľףǹ룬Ӧþǡ
һһľֱþȻ򣬲ܺ͵Ҿŷôõ
ݴӪΧһ׼ųȥѲļϸ
ǡɢݴӪΧס
Ըո߳ôѵİգֻ©
ĸӪģ
ȻߣͷĿ͸Ӻʹ
ڷɣԴ󷽵̧ͷµġ
ЦЦôû߻ô
ͷֵô࣬ûҲ
ǺǡЦ֪
˭᲻ʶ
©һĨζЦ˵Ǭ˲żüãˣ¡
汾ûƭҲ֮Уʮ˽ΧӲȻвͨûбİ취ֻеĽʾͶ
ʿӵһ¼˰أֻȥȻˡ
ɪҾŷڲt֮ϣǰһ˸ֶԶã
򽫾ǺʱߵģһˡҾŷ͸ſϧ
˵ͷ˵֮£ȻѾůȴΪ
Ҿŷ׾誻ָϵϵѩҾľװܺȣǱذɡ
޻ǵã㸸ھлȥҼҾ죬ȵۼȥн游ְãеһʤ̣㲻ʮꡣ
£ҾŷĬȻĵͷ鱯ˡ
תҾŷ˵ҼҾֻǸӵǲٲȻѾΪҼҵ˽ȵȴֹֻ֪ΪΣ
Ҿŷҡҡͷ֪
ȵ˵ҼҸд壬Ϊ߳ǻӹ޵ҼҸӱؾ̾
ȵ۶Գ֪֮ѱȵۣҾŷ⣬ȵ۵ȫ֧֣ڵĳɾ͡
ϲ޵Ҳ£ȴòµ˱ʲô治飬ϾֻһǲܸŽһ
Ҿŷͷ͸һ˿жʼΪ誶ٰǵıȴû뵽ⱳ⡣
ǲ˻ҼҼϣ㲻Ҫޡ
ǳˡҾŷϥأھǰһΪһʤ̡
ĵͷԶȼ˵⣬ںҹ֮зۡ
㿴Ǳл⡣ָԶǴ
ҾŷƺǵݴӪ
ݴӪüѵ棿
ʱ䣬պöԵϡҾŷѵõ˷ܣݱգдңǳĻڵȵˡ
Ǿӣ޲һ֧ǧ˶飬ҪȥݴӪ
ϣ̫ΣˡҾŷæȰ
սݼţҪ˷ʱˣɡ
ǡҾŷȻģȴҲҲ˾誵뷨ֻðѾеľ鲦誣ԸֱԼ뽫죬
ǬľӳҴ˹ոݱ黹ûãǴһҡ
Ķ֪Ҿŷվץסᣬˡ
˫ֱ޷ѣҲȥĵط鿴ˡ
һʹɫոսİСӣ˻֮Уûˣϵӽ˿
Ȼ⿪ӣԿȴЩϡ
ӻͳ˾誸ǰذףذΪֻаƴСԲûѳ
潫ذ׵ķж׼ˣĥذ׹Ȼ֮դذ֮½ɷĩ
ʱ澹һ˸ȥˡ
ʲôˣ
һңæԼ˶
һɱ֮Ȼһɳ۶롣
ϳǱǬľӣæ󺰣
ɱͷ֮һװòƺЩϤûȿ壬Լͱһѳϡ
ͷȷԼûпԼ˾ȻǾ誡
ּؾ㲻ܣ֪жൣ𣿡
Ҫͣ뵽ðķգǰԼ;ʲôĽͶ濴ž誣Ρ
誰ο΢Цͷ˵û¾ͺá
Ǿ誴Լһ٣ﻹЩɾ誷ǵοԼˡ
治ɣԼģðôķԼǲһʼԼѡǴġ
˼ӿͷ治ȥ룬ر۾Ȼߺɱ֮ϣֻҪˣ˲徻


 12 

СǴһ˯𣿡
ձָᰴ£ſ۾ɵĳͷһЦԼ
ô˯ˡ̫Ѩ⼸ʵ̫ۣû뵽˯ô졣
˯ѵ棬ոϵϵҵͷ˵ֻ͵Ҿŷ֪һҸ󣬲Ҫ
ͷ˽ȥ
Ǭӳҳȫʤն׼ǧǾӶʮ޻֮
潫ݣνʤܵУϣ򽫾׹ҾŷӢо۹
Ϯѵõĳʱ֪ҪȵʲôʱȻûսвսȴܹȡʤؼһ
ԭཫſЦʱ˴󹦣ͷ˵
Ҳǽңҽλôãû׹Ҳҵ
򽫾ǫ֮ǰϷ򲻶ԣ򽫾Ӣ٣ϷʧˡһλϽյĵͷǸ
æϽ𣬡ˣԺͬͬ¾ͺá
ˣ˶ʲô飬ʲôһ£Ҳ˵ˡ
ҾŷչСУдս֮УǸһ䡣
ȫʤȻٲ칦磬ȻʳªҲҪһģȻϲ֣ҲԵ̫Ⱥֻòμӡ
ӼףҾŷһλ찴չְСſЩνں档
\"㲻ܺȾƣȥϢ\"¿˿ͷжԾ˵
調棬ЦЦƲѾˣٺȼ
ûһ
˺һսȻΪ˾ƵĶ
СٺȾƣθ˺ǼξƲմ˿һȥθͻհۡ
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һЦԾɲġ
濴űеľƣüĺȲˡ
ȷʵװģҲΪ
򽫾ҲԣҪܸͷ
Ըܳͷ¾ƱæӦ
򽫾ĽʦӵбΪɵĳ򽫾Ϊ轣Σ
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ﻢ£ͷ課Ҳһڴӡ
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˭ָˣֻӲͷƤˣһ׽ˡ
ҼȻλ˳Ҳֻ轣ıˡ
ߵУȭ񣬰γ彣
ʣ䣬Ʒ
Ǵ˵гõа𣬹Ȼǰѱж֮˲̾
תһɫĽڿлһߣ˳Ž⵹ȥŵصһѸٵգ˽о
װ꣬緢»ѩǧã˿̵ͨͨ޹⡣
調ĽĿ⣬¶ֵͰֽ˷绪ɫҪץȾָֻܱԼӵС
һϣڽĬȻãһƬҵĽк֮
벻¼侹ȻϷ۽硣
ǰӢ۳꣬ϹͷǱݺݵıȥˡ
˵Ŀ佱Щ˼ǫҡͷȴ͵͵Ц
Сʱ˵Ļߣͷ˿һЦľ誣üʾ顣
ֻ˵˵С
ҲˣҲˣûȥ˰ɡ
誵ͷҲǣ߰ɡ
㣬ǡ
С滹û湻Ц㲻ߣҪٹƣô졣
һȿ⻹ҪƣʵںȲ£ֻ뿪Ƿ֮ء
Ŵҳû˹עʱ򣬺;ĵ˴ʡ
⣬һƬڵϣɫˮĵ׿Ȼʳ調ţĿôҲƲˡ
һִģ˵ûпҪ쳤վãͶ䣬¶ϲӡ
þ誳У԰Ρ
С棬ôˣ˺òáס֣
治˵ֻɾţȻ齩Ӳһ£ﻹһ˿ײ
誳ȴˣҲ֪ҺȲġ
һƲƲ죬ΪҲ֪Ȼȵƾ죬ȴѣװġ
һ㶣Цû뵽СˣȻˣҼװռôˣҲСĸԸˣ
һ˲䣬Ӷ쵽ӣеر˴ƣʮֲ˼
治òϣװԼγҲװˡ
ֻˣܷʱĸֵΧߵĸǣֻ⡣
ͮͮգЦС棬ҲϲҵģԲԣ
ûлشҲ޷ش֮ǰԼδõ誾һݣ磬˲ɫ
Լݻᱻ𣬲ץ̫ȴҲ֡
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ǰıס誣Ļĵı۾һ̣ʲôҲȥ롣
յĬ誰Ų˷ܣᱧ𣬴սĶߣ˵С棬ĵһ졣
˵ţ泯ʵķȥ
ɽˣֿɵãԲ֣ˡ
⣬ҹʿѾӪյĵƻͨ

Ľڴϣ֮ǶԴһ䱦
ҡҷ𣬾ϸĿǰˣָġ
ô꣬ȴôҲ
εΣÿһϲӡ
ˣ䲻ܰȴ԰ԼһҲӲ
ֲڶůֱִ꣬۾ſֹġ
ȻѾǵһˣǰƵľǿȣҴ£֮ĶӣǺܲõĻ䡣
ȵŻһ㣬ѹֵòͷţֻץס誵䣬Ĵߴţļ尾
Цţ˳ס֣޵Ĵָ⿪ߵĿӡ
򽫾о
ͻĺ˴ӻҵ˼˻
һ˲䣬˲٣ȶҲһȥ
ſ۾Ҫƿ誡
Ҫܡ²ϵĶͣܵϸǡ
¡ƿǰ
һ룬ܣôͣȥͷԵ澱һӡ
ֱ誵ľͻȻһתͷǰ͸ذס
εЦЦûжСǴ߱
治һʱ鼱ֳ˻еذףôԼҲԲ˵һġ
Ȼóףֻðȴ¡
̾źҪλܾˣȻȥɡ


 13 

¶һң
ʿ첽߽˵ҹҽȺҪˡ
ҾŷԹΪĲԼͷ˿ҾŷҪҵˡ
û뵽ô졣˼Ȼսܣʵд棬䵹ʼδ
ӼθڵҾŷ棬һ˽񣬾ʾ¡
Ҿŷóһ飬˫ֳʸ誣ϣ뽵飬ԸǬÿɹ
調ڻƤϣе֬ƣһ
Ҿŷ˵߱ǹ󽫾ͣô뽵ԭ򡣡
治ϣһƽףϵӣҼʱһ۾Ͱ˳ȷʵӢı
תͷ棬¶һ˿Ҳ𡣡
誻е︹̣ȴֻܷתƻ⣬ǾͣǵǼ¡
ҾŷͷǺȻʲôǹʹƺü޵Ǭס
Ǻ°ŮƤ𪣬𷢣˵ǹøǺųǵһˣֺø
ӼǹһĨЦ˿誣ֿ˿棬һϷı顣
誵ɫѾʮѿˣ޲ӣɫ͸ѿˡ
ǣ誱ìͷ׼ֻľӼΡ
ӼμȻϲŮӣ޾λ׵Ĺ͸ɡ
һըͷϣӼæܾɲɣȢǹ˼
ƣʵڲȢɣӼҲֻΪ޷ˡ˵ž調棬С˵ǲǣ
ոյ£һӺ쵽˲ӣʶһ¾ߵǺۡ
ǹ޸ΪҲŵԡɫ˵
˻һӼҲ˲ʲôˣĴ󺰣棬˵ʲôŵˡ
ǹһĨЦԻ˵Ůǧãô޸㣬㵹Ըˣѵ˵ĶǼٻ
⣬ҡӼζͷð֪棬˭Ƿ˵˲˵ģðǻͷŮȷʵѾȢ
滹ٶӼΣʵ¼Ȼ˵ûϴͻѽ
Ӽ͵͵۵ҾŷҾŷ۹۱ǣǹģ·һе鶼޹һ
ӼʧҡҡͷڻһԸûִͻ顣
ŶȻдӼõˣµ΢ЦﵹǺ
ǹһǲҪĺáҾŷͻȻ˾ӼεΡ
˵ʾ⡣
ǹ㽫ü޵ǬϣǵȥѹƲðȻվӣ̵ôˡ
ͷҽԲֻǷŵ̬Ҳþܾǡ
лصģҿȥ취Ӽκʲô䵽Լͷϣһ͵ҲֻԸˡ
˿ֱߵȲ裬¿ԷһţȰǵĽˣʦسս˲ƣһۣҲϢһΣϽפشҰҲŴһȥɡ
ǡҾŷףĻش
ϣҾŷ;Ӽα˳ȥһߣ벻ø˸
߰ɣϾԼĴʣҲ֪ȥġ
ɣ誻һߣŸոδɵĴ¡
֮ʣ誵ûע⵽õҾŷȥʲôְã
ûϵ誻⣬Լ۽Сˣ쾻顣
ձ˼ʵһ£ϻŵҾŷ𣿡
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飬˭ţ治ţ֪誶ԼǷҲз
˻һ̶̼ʮ꣬ȥĿ
̾˭϶ǣ˭ܻء
СԴʲô
ͷЦԼ
һ˲䣬ҿƵ˼ֶɢˡ
ɫˣһϢɡ棬Ŵߡ
£һֺˣһ˯ţҪȥߡ
調С˼һѽڴϣʲôʱˣȥߣİɣҪ˯ªֻίСһŴǿ˯һ˯ˡ
˵ţҲͬ⣬ۣԱߡ
֣ؿڣȻ۾Ҳ˵ֻ˯ѡ
Ƹž誵ȶȡ
ܾûһˣֻǰ˯ˡ
Сʱʱھ誵ĴϲߣůӯӯĻ綼Ҹ
ˣҲˣ㲻СʱһˣȴҲʱţǸůĻ
ֿɵá
ϸžƽȵĺİҲӯҸ۾
һѴ
ûϰߣʱ򣬾һߣֱ߷һȲ裬ڿ
ܵĶæеľŵ˹ȥ
Ⱥ࣬ůůθҪһθˡ
֪θʲôζˣθտյģѾܲˣӹ룬ĺ
ӣ¶һ˿ھΣҪΪ˾ңҲθ۵ȥ
治ΪЦЦ˵ôأżһ°ˣֲʲô
Ȼ˵Ҳ誵ϢȻ֪һθͻԼһ˿Ϊľǲñ˵ġ
һ취θκá
Լ˽⣬θһҲˣһҲ͹ȥˣֻǿϧԵˡ
治Σ㻻˸⣬һҪôܸоһʱ䶼ȱƵġ
誵ͷСҵƻܺЩûѹ
Ҳ֪Լһ˯ˣ˯ǧٹˣ˵εýֺ䱻ӡ
۵ĸһǾԽԽõġ誼ζ
ɲˣæʵôˣʲôʱȥ
󣬸ŴһʦҲһȥ
ҲãĺҲ߰˸ˣ֪ôˡ
Ǻܺá˵
ֻһ˵òҪھԱԾʧԣĺ࣬˵
ȴǺ⣬˵ߵǸһ䣬ϱҪˡ
ϱôˣϱ߱ԼϢϢء
ܱѣȷȷˣٺ˵ɡ
課˵ҲʣȻԼӣҲǸֶѣ۷ʲôʵҲûôġ 


 14 

ǣ誺͵Ȼǰ־룬Ծ誵ôҲ޿κΡ
죬Ӽһȥԡ
ʱᣬҲȥ˵߱Ͼ㣬һķʲô£Ҫıǲȥĺá
ȥ誾ҲеȻﲻ뿪˹ϵոͣʵڲΪСƻգֻǿͬˡ
ǧĿ뿪課ŲԸĻȥˡ
˵򲻴ҩܲԻһֻԴ֪ҾŷҲҪŻؾ֮󣬾Ӽÿ춼ĵĲˣԣҲ²
ϲǱȥɣҪȰЩ顣
Ӽξȣ㲻˵Ҫԣôֱˣ
ס֣̾㻹ǲ֪ĺá
Ӽֱˣε˵ɣҲҪס
ʦһױţԼҼ棬Ҫȥһˣֲ֪֪ˣһͬȥֻ㵱ӡ
ӼηǳƣÿζֺõмˣʱҪġ
㶼һοˣų
ʦẦңһᣬұҪŪס
ӼεµȰס㣬ɳҲòҪ£һᡣ
ͷģûȫİգҲܹգֻǲΣһܰҵٸ߻ϡ
Ӽüܸ̾⣬һȥأҪô˵
˵ңҽ̥ȣΣڵϦҼŻȥһ档
ֻţӼġ
Ϊ㲻ƭȻţҲϣؾ
ӼƵİһۣǰҼڻϿ
Ҳû취飬ʦһẦңðȻȥңȴܱ֤İȫ
αزԼͻֽ
ңҾǽˣҲûõġתͷʲôܽʲô²֪ܽףһһڵҽǰ˵ĺû
˵꣬һͷ۶ȥ
ӼԼĲӣͷڣǲ֪ˡ
Ǳ߳ǣɳ졣
߳Ǿƹݣĸ·˺ҵĳž⡣
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±Ӱɣ
ͷǸǴ˽ȥ
˶¥·ͣһżǰָָˡ
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棬һڴߣһŨü룬䣬ǰ۽ǹһĨЦˡ
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ϵĲ죬ָָԵλ£һǵ̾ơ
һۣλϡ
ʦأ
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濴űľƣûж
ӷģû˵ţԼıҲ˾ƣһ
濴ˣҲ𱭣ƺȵ
ĵͷʦصθ˵ȾƿԣֻܺȲθ̾ƣʦͽҸж
ʦأһ顣
ıҿƣҪ
水ĽۿţǾ˵˵ɡ
ҵҲ򵥡һĨЦḡҲӷ绪ŮӸԡ
˵ţ˹֣Ҫ
һק彣ľ䣬ȰǲҪзǷ֮롣
Ҳ潫жԼ˹涼Ǵ̵ġ
лƤһѪۣʦأ
ش𣬶ѪЦʵǱǬǸʵۿԣôҾͲԣұˣ
¶׹⣬̵ĸæܣһξ롣
Ҳʣôʲô⽣ëɶϣһҾҪеˡ
һ飬ʦأ
ʦȻ˫ȲзϣҲǵӸòΪʦЮ˰ɣ
ȻأȻʣݵļϢʦıʼıѵʦ⺦ң
Ӵһʹڣ̫ˡ
һҶʦȫΡ
ҡͷӴˣ˵㲻ž誡
ЦãĹϵܹģ
Ȼֻǿϧˡ
治Ϊ˼ǣӦŶԣ
ҽһ֮ԵȻ޷ţŲңҪҽ㽲ġ
潫²ؽʣ˵˵ɡ
ӻóһƿŵϣҩΪĺÿһһЩֱΣ裬ҩɾȡ
濴ǸƿĵÿһΣĺһ֣ȷǸ֡
Ӻǻʵ۵Ĺϵҩټ򵥲ˡ
ͷȷʵˣֻǣȴΪҪ
裬һӾΨһĹѪǹĵܵܣʱ򣬱Ǭ𣿡
ЦЦܵҲ˵⺢Ůδ֪ǸӣҲǸ֮еӤԻλ֮ĵô֪࣬鲻ҵƿء
Ҫҿ֮㣬ȨҲӰҡ
Ǹ˵̾˱ǬĻӣҵݣʱͳһƺֿɵá
˵ľƱд⣬Ǿٺòˡ
ҡҡͷֻ̾ϧҴˣҶЩȤ
Ҳ̾Ȩǰֱĵˣ̫ѵˣֻϧȴѡ
һϲҰĵ˽ѣҲͬ࣬ûԵҲǺ¡
ԳһЦ˵ҰģҵǱȾ課Զˣ֪ãΪĻΰˣ㸸飬֪Ŀ
һԤЩԣҸ׺ö˶˵˵ʲô
Ǹˡһź˵ҲţǾŵˣ㽲ɡ
תǽߵĻأתֳһһλߣΣﻺ
ֻ˫Ȳмһͷ׷ȴֻʮӣƤΪڲ͸̬İףݵˡ
ͽִܹĺܣҪˡεƲƲ죬վʦͽúģȳȥˡ


 15 

ʦô£ԭΪǱƣû뵽
䣬ȴ͸ѵõᣬԱߡ
òС泤ˡ
ӿͷȻͳϦദʱ䲻һ࣬˸ƣʦȴǰԲϵգۿᣬʦɻã
һзϣӰˡ
һ޵УƽɡɺȴȻˣֻˣ˽Ϊⲻٲ룬ȴ֪ʧȥ˫ȣΪзϡ
Ҳԭ򣬵ʼղԸ˵Ҳҿʦ˰̣Դ¾һֱΪеһʡ
ȴвһֲõԤС
Ļˣ
ҡҡͷҲס
ĺ֮µƽʳУֻҪһʦɱǬС
̧ͷųšʦ㲻ˡ
ȻЦ¿˫ȣȷʵˣǾ誰ұ·
ʲôϵ
ʹ࣬£뱱ǬսҰܣսֻܸ׳Ƴͻ뱱ǬΪʣ޹Ǭס
ףֻ֪ˣĻ̻̣ûüӦͱҴҵȥ˱Ǭ
ԭֻ䣬Աѡףĸܳ裬ԸĸŮ룬ǱةҵĵմŮΪ޵Ǭ
˵ԭҪ޸ǬȻΪģҪȢȻھйͬ£ΪȢʵϣҪͨ㡣
ʱСܶ飬ű˵İţԭΪȻ͸誵ģû뵽龹Ȼ򵥡
ֻǣǬ֮ʱ課޽ΪڱǬĺЩͨӴʱǻӵľ誣ʼΪʶ誣ǴƺĿģһƺȴǡǡ෴
еɻ󣬽͵ʱͱǬսĴ´ıǬڽڰˣۿҪǬǬͣĴǾ誡
£浱ʱС֪ʱвȻϲֳֺõµ
ֻУ̸Ļ䣬ͬˡ誱û㣬Ю֣Ѻ˱ǬǡʱЧ֪֮ոߵҹǰǬΣҪȳû뵽ȴ⵽С˵İ㣬ը˫ȣΪзϡڶ죬ɱͷ˱ǬǽϡȺףҰܶ顣
ȥ꣬ȴĴ档
İܣңΪ򿪽һ֮Уްܼ
һеһսȴҲΪĲš
ܣһֱ浽죬Ҳʼҷ棬Ҳ˽ģκ˶ࡣ
žƺֻӮ򵥣˾Ͼ̫ңԶ྿ΣȤ
߹սıı˵
Ц˵Ļ֮˾͸𣿡
£ؽӦøѣȴøˡ
㸸ⷬĿ̾ʹ಻
Ҹ˭üĶųķ
ȻЦЦЦʶ㸸ף
ս߬һֵĺֻɿһĨεЦ
Сڹб䣬żҲЦԼǲǲԼĸԼܲʣȡˡ桱һָӡ
ЦЦȴûľãԼĻӡ
ԼļУδԼ¹ֻƬҲδ˵޹ӡ
յ׽ҿûʹҲûбˣֻһڵõ𰸵Ȼƽľ˵Ĺ¡
ⶼǳˣ㸸ײ㣬ҲԵĿԡ˵㸸Ȩʢʵ޷ƣ㽫ŮǿȢĸףʱĸѾС
üŴǰ£ĸСʱȥˣֻǵĸһֱúģȴֲ˵ԭգʱһֱʲô
û壬ǡ
ȥôˣ滹ʹԼΪʲô˱࣬ЩѾʱɢ޹ؽҪˡ
ɱˣ⽫ߣΪնݳƺ㹻Ϊ£Խڡ
ЦЦ˵㲻֪ǸСʲôԻҰŴɱ誣㾹Ȼһϸĵƣûˡ
ԭǴξȻʦΪֲǽϵĶҹŹ֣Ҳֻʦҩֲεĳ
泤һҺнԼǾ誣Ȼûˡ
ȻԼЩѾѾȥˣﻹҵģʦݣ㲻ҪٱЩˡ
ҡͷЦȻһҵһ˫ȣȴΨһĹѪκʹ
䲻ܸͬܣȴʦʹ࣬ߣͬˣʹȴ
ԩԩ౨ֻʹֹԼѾܹ˿ζһʹУ԰ˡ
ͽ֪Ȱʦһ£ˡͽܴʱˣͽˣʦء
˵ţҪȥ
̾ϢҡҡͷС棬㲻ϴӦʦʦֻԼķʽ𣬽죬߲ȥˡ
ͻȻо֫ٺվޱȡ
̾ж
ͷĽΪʦ洫һס㣬Ϊ㣬ʦҲǲѶΪ֮
ЦԼϴԼָһ
ԼǴ˵еɷǣⱲӣõ
ûа취ֻܾ䣬̰׵ľƣЦʦҪҩ֮ڸңûȤ˵ʲôҲѧʦǸˡ
͸һĨˣʲôѧˣҲ޷ʦһУûд㡣
̧ۣʲôУ
ͷ˵Ǿ
ʹԺʦǽҵ㿴һ
ǰ̾Ϣ㸸һԣΪʦҪЮԹۡ
ʦȻףҲ֪ͬԾ֡
ͷԣΪʦֻ課ӲܣȻ㡣
ҡҡͷˣѾ˰ţ˿̣ѾҪϻرǬˡ
գ˵ңһġ

 16 

ɪ˻
һ·ϣֲ
תͷ誻ͣ˾ӼΣ˵岻ʣСؾģ͵ţ
ӼκȻʵ亹ˢľδ磬Ҫ˵ǰҪ¶ڡ
ţ濴ǷŴҴҽˣ˵ʲôҲ
۾͸һɺâС沢ʶıʼ
ӼæʶģСǰʱ򣬾ͺйʶּġ
֪ĵ١
һ仰Ӽκë²͸ֵ˼֪ȥˣûȥ
調Լĵܵܣ˵лã棬˭ϣóأ
ӼεͷһԲʵ۲ڹУó£Σ̫׵塣
ǰβ˵ʵҲΪ˾誵İΣ롣
Ӽһʱѣ֪ôźá
Ӽβ˵誼˵úף֪ǵĹǣС棬Ҳѿȫò͹ޡ
ѵаţӼκȻ̧ͷᵽһ˿ΣյϢ
ûлشֻǾĵžӼοڡ
֪ʲôͶԻֻ˵˰ɡҾŷ۾ӼΣȻڡ
ӼԥĿ˿ҾŷҾŷ˵ͷ
ӼһҧȻҶ˵ҲֻжԲˡ
Լڱ߳Ǿƹݼ棬ȥˡ
߳Ǿƹݡظһ֣Ȼؾȥ߳Ǿƹһߡ
֡Ӽһھǰ˵ˣʦԲ˺ȥˣǵȦףΣѱ
俴žӼΣӦޣװ˷˴ʱ
Ӽβ⣬ֻһ˼ǲ誹ǰ֣㹻ԱǲȥϢһ֮ܳһ顣
ÿ誵Ŀ¡
Ӽҡҡͷ粽á
޵ȥҲҵ
Ӽ¶ģȻã¹ػְΣǬȶΣҲá
ÿ誾ޣҪӼ˦ȥ
Ѹ֮䣬ҾŷǰӼεһޣ䵽ϣһۼ
ϣִҪȥǴһȥ
誳̾Ƿģ޲£ҪĻµģǡ
˵գƹˣ۶ȥ
Ӽλȥ׷ȴҾŷ£аţγҲǹҡ
ҹ߳Ǿƹһλ֮͡
調ӱޣھƹſֱ˽ȥ
ϵ˵¥
Ҳ˵Ŷ룬桢ΧһȲ죬˫Ŀˢˢת
誷糾ͣ룬Եø롣
ȷӦЦôǱ߳ǣԣոС滹˵˽ܵ飬ĳѾá
ü棬һ±ƣֱ̯̯ʾԼû˵Ļ
ֽĿͶ֪ʲôʱҼСô׽ˣ߶Ŷʱ鷳ˡ
ŨҵʾȨ˳Ĳһ䣬ҵͽûаϵԡ
調ӰĳؾСʦˡ
Ҳ誣Ȼƽزסĺ⣬
һ㶣ҵǴδ
ЦȴһҲ㡣
ЩЦͣ㲻Ҳһǵ̾ƣոС˲٣˵ζ
Ҳߣ΢΢浲ϵľƱ
ȡ̧֣еıӴƱ䵽ϣһء
ü棬ֹ֣ԼҲþƱ򷭣ûһ
ЦЦһ־ڱصõӣʵ벻ȣҲνһġ
֪Ȧףֺαı۾
ʲôҶܿյضˣֻҪܿƽҲͷˡ
УﾡŨҵİĳ硣
ҡҡͷӯڿ˵Ҳ¡
СһĶҪˣûµġ調棬ֽߵ˵
誵ĻһİİȫУƺֻҪڣһеͲܹӭж⡣
̧ۣг񣬺Ȼ·ת
ȿȡ˼˶ݣֻϧԵ޷ˡ
˵ùһƿǶҩĺҩԭιηµģ治Ը⣬ҲֻίЩһƿֱӺ˰ɡ
\"ʦȻ˷Ų³ޣԸһһֻϣ֮㲻Ҫڳй\"˵ţҪҩ
æһҩ𼱣Ҳֲ
ȻʵȻҪˣҪףЩ⣬㡣
ͷ޷
ȵ۵Ļʺʧˮֱʰɣ
һЦԭǴ̫ͨӿƱǬģһСӣĸףǱҪġֻû뵽̫ӵҲЩļƣװӹһ١
˵װģ
ҡҡͷݣעЩԶҲӲôЩ꣬ҸЩҩٷҲ裬Ͼǰ̫ӣ˵ó
ʦ㲻ˡ治ŵĿ
ʱʱ̵ԼҪ䣬Ҫϴƣһ񶾵ˣôԼЩ
ʹЦһΪԼˣҲԱ֮֮ѡ
誵ͷʲôû´ǬΣҪٳµİը˫ȣˣǳɡ
£ͣµĽɣ˲ߵĲзϡ
ӯ࣬ʹ
棬ߴٵȻ㶼֪ˣͰҩ˰ɣɫǶˡ
֪ˣҩȴҺȡ誽ĺŻϡ
ҡͷ֮Ը㶾ҩϾõ̫棬Ըȶҩ滹ǵİ֣ǰٺãҲӲȥġ
۳˵ܽѣȻ·ȴͨҲɱΣձˡ
𣿡課мЦЦǾɡ
ǾƲԳԷƣҲûģȡͷߣ򻧺
һ䣬ССżʱ˼ʮˣˢˢ˵档
ְɣŪøɾһ㣬ҪѪתߵߣ˫ֱ棬΢Цž


 17 

ԤеĴûг֣ɻĻͷĵȴľ䡣
Ǹʲôǿ򶨡
Ǵغ󡣡
ϡЩ飬Ԥе鲻ָҲ΢΢ֱָ誣ͼƻˣ
ȻһЦȷʵǹͬˣҳȴ֪Ҳҵˡ
˵꣬調
һֱҪҵˡ
ֻϧȴõϢòգһС
һеıʣ涼ȵԽܡ
ԭԼĵĶǶģͰеĶڣԼ
ڲ֮ǰǻǲҪͬǹü޹
ɾڴ˿̣ǵĹȻ˾ǿ
µǣһУ˶֪
ЩЦԭԼ뷨ǸɵЦ
ȻñסЩ䣬ʹԷ¶ʵȣȴҲû
һξãߵˣǸԼд֣ԼʲôԼӦľ誣һľ
ްӸһ࣬棬Ҳࡣ
С棬˰ɣΪȨ˭ϵһöӣˣֵи𣿡
ûлشֻԼʵѾ˴𰸣ȴ˵
ѾУ԰ˡ
ֽ˽ˣСҲûʲôᷴһ˵ףǵ˭Сӡ
޻˵޵ҧгݣҺʦͽģ
ҡͷҺ޲ȫµ˶ܹСãʦôݲ£ֻСޣֻʹ࣬Ҳ̡
࣬޴ѡ񡣡
Ǿѡ񡣡΢Уǿ޾Σգѹ˴֣Χʮѵ׼ؿڡ
֪ˣҲЦųҷѾĻˣɲҪװ˷õĻᡣ
⣬ָ΢΢Ħ
ʦҪ֪֡Ҫʲôûֻʾ誰Լǰ
誺ɣֱۻ䣬ϡ
Ҷ㿪İһҪ浲ס޷֡
ʦҪ֣Ǿɱҡ
͸һɺ⣬ҧ˵ΪҾͲɱ㣿
ƣҡҡͷʦ֣ҵһ£㹻ʱ֣Ҳͷˡ
ı۾ЦţȹһǷʲôˣҲңѵĸ£
ⲻǾ£ԼѡģҿѡҲԲѡ
⣬Ҳû취Ķ֣֪ˡ
Цһǻɱʤߣ˵㶼ܱŪڹƣɵͽƭתҽ죬Եˡ
課ˣͰ·ɡ
ʲô˼ʧɫž誡
̾Ǹ
ҧ촽ܣʦĳ޸վãˣʦԶǾ誵
ѵõĻᣬûɷŹ
ҲĿʦ
ЦϣԼ˱Ͳ࣬ƫƫǳУûҡ
ʦϾȹһŹɡ
Ҫھ֮УͷҿһֻҪӦңӴԺϾʦͽϵټ
ʹı۾ֹסķеʹ޴˵ֻҧԼȥ
۵Ŀ棬ȴޱȼᶨˣٽӴá
誺ͳ֮ԽޣԼֻܶѡһ
ڵϣųһͷ
ʦͽТԺౣء
ӲЦʧʹģвᡣ
棬㲻ʦҲͰˣ㲻Ҫˣ㸸׻Ͽ㡣
üϵ棬˵ڻ֮£뿪˱߳Ǿƹݡ
ķдƻ֮Уѩ׷
׼õϡ
С¯Żůġ
濿ڰ׺õαϣƣı۾һԲ
ֲ֪Ӻ˵ֻʵô˵ˣ
ҡҡͷϵƣ޼
ϧʼԼǲЩ̫ˣӦøһЩʱġ
תһ룬־ģһɱ˳Ϊ棬Լôв棬Ѿ㹻ˡ
е뷨ڿ۵۽ǣԸƽüʱ򣬶ʧˣֻʣۡ
ô˵Ҳϣܸһúʱ䣬ܷЩȥҲûʲôɡ
΢üչһЩΪԼòԼγжֻԴӳ£һֱ˽ᡣ
Լɱˣ治֪Լô
ʣȴֲʣ¾誵Ĵ𰸣Ĵ𰸡
調Ϊѵɫ𣬡
ûȾ˵꣬æڲ
һֻ񣬽ͷɳڣ誽ǸԼ޷ܵࡣ
治ҲʶȤĲ˵
תһ飬Щƻʲôʱŵġ
С棬Щ£㲻Ҳȥ
һʱʵôµӼƭģ
ʵʵǸУֻǴӼβǰ˵ѣһ˵ˣȻƽǲһġ
誽꣬ʵСѾ֪ĺûˣ
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣ˵֪ŹܻʼѪͳĺӣ֣֮ʱܽμ޻̫һ
調˿ı飬ģ͵ҴӦŹӣʵڲ
ͷ֪ϾǽдȣĺҲӦõġ
С档誰ֱ۴ļϣϸ۵ƤĦ϶ҵģһˡ
ھ誵ļϣЦԼɲ¶ܹЩ
̰ϵľҶζѹֵ񾭱ů̧̿ͷ
誵ĺĳȵָ΢ľ䣬뿪
ģĴЮšռУǿѹȡ
Ҫ޼һʱȴƿ˾誡
ҩûȫȥ󣬵ܵĿܣ課ǿ
ƽĺ;룬쵽ˣҪ³ˡ

 18 

գʦؾʽϽ͹
ҾŷйΪƽ״͸ۡӾǡ
Ҳһսʤû⹫
һشƫƧӸ㱻Χĳˮǰݼ̤ż
СйԱΪһ²ܻӣһս񣬻ϵĳ޼һЩͷԻĹԱοΪ̽档
ϲʣڸƲŵĽ˶򷢻ȥ
Լڴߣһյµƣһ¯̿һ飬Ʈѩ
棬ЩҲ̫ˣͰѱ档
δߵűߣƿӼһƣ˽
ҹãϲ֮£ЦŽӼӭ˽
ȥϵѩӼν罻һԵ˿ɣ˳˰Ѵľºá
е飬ȸӼεһȲ裬ն㲻ȥ̫Բܵʲô
ƣ㣬ҲŲȥ
ӯȻЦ⣬֪ҲܺȾƣƶزҺȾƵİɡ
ҶǴˣӼҲȦӣ۵׵ĳʱ
ʱȥ˹˷ʲô
潫ºõľƴС¯ùӼεһ
˺컨˽ĺӣ̫ĸΪ㵽ݿƣҾͻΪ̫𡣡
ӼǰľƱһΪҲҪ
ûİ˾Ӽһۣȥ߳Ǽʦ߻ϣһûк㡣
Ӽֺһƣ̾ϢҲǲѶΪ֮
һֹ۵ľӼδʱ̾һһĺȣв̣Ȱο̫Ǳһģֻ̫һ֦һƤǲֵġ
ףֻҪĸڣҲ֪ˣҲףĿģھУȾƵĻᶼûˡ
еĲ裬ЦЦҲԼʵ㣬ȡ
һѣңΪѣҲҪ㣬ǵĹҪˣʱûˣȻڶǧãǾ飬˵㣬֮ء
Ħе豭˳ĻǵЦݽһĨɬǿŴȤô֪ǵĹǵģ
Ӽһͷˮ˭
һЦȻ
ǿɲСӼη¾Ʊ֣֪Ȣˡ
˵ʲôô֣
;ӼתͷֻҾŷ̤˽һķѩ
ҽˣӭӭæ±еĲ裬Ҿŷӭ˽
Ҿţÿ
ӼĿתĿŵҾŷҾŷȥյһףһɫİƽۣˬʣīɫͷϽڸ߸üӲ͸ſԲλࡣ
ҾŷûӼΣ£Ц˵ھûʲôѣΨһ뵽Ѿ㣬ð߶ţ֡
ҽոջؾҲ½ѹ㷺Ըŵ¶ߣҲཻܶЩѡ
ѽѽӼ˷ܵ˵Ҿʶ˭ֻҪ˵ҶԸ
Ҿŷ˵ϵ·ˣһӡ
һˡӼΰָͷ˵Һ𣿡
Ҿŷεİ˾ӼһۣӼæʶȤķָ۾ת˵ҾŷĶϡ
㿴㣬䶼ˣҸһԶף͸㡣
˵ţӼױһӻȡһͳ޵ĶףչʾҾŷ
ð׺Ƥģֱůֺÿ֮ǰǸΧһףԡ
˵ţ˫ְѶݸҾŷ
ҾŷǶСɿɰĶףϵıŤ
㲻ϲ𣿡Ӽʧҧҧ촽ʮܡ
Ҿŷһ˵ǲϲֻǵ°˼Ů棬δⲻףԺ»ǲҪֶˡ
Ӽ˳ӵĵͷţˣ²Ϊ
˵ϣҾŷҲֻðѶ¡
ԣСϲʡӼεôߡ
Ҿŷһ״˶ϡ
СãӼεֹһ㣬ϷΪüãмĽǣë׵ĲʣҾŷڶϣһֻСĶ䣬ɢһĪĺЦ
еЦ⣬ͷ˿ڲ衣
˵ѵһֱⶫ𣿡ʵ
ǵҲǡӼβ˼ĵͷʵžƣȥҾŸϵģֻǵҾŸϵĹܼ˵ҾŲͣҽȥҲ
ûЦЦҾ֪㲻žңȻǱǬˣûһŵġ
ҾŷƺҲʶЩԣժսУл£ʮֺʡ
ӼĵͷǾͺãҿҲˣҺӣ׺Ƥ硣
ˣˡ˵Ż߽վڹеĴ̫Ԫ
ԪæԪ˶ȥһȲ衣
ԪȲˣ񣬡ūּնС˽žۣϵּⲻõ飬ʰһ¾ͺū߰ɣůѾˡ
εĳŵҾŷ˹֣٣Ҫʧˣʵǲ˼
޷ԺǼĻţҲһʱ
ͷսҾŷߣºȵе࣬͵ҽչһ
Ҿŷ˿һľӼΣ˵ͷ
ؼԲӣ֮УȴϢ
СǸѳ͵Ӥϻعŭ飬̫ͨҽڰ̥ҩ֮˺컨
ؽ˾ϼӿʣ̫ƽߵ׽ĸŮ˱ԼУϵ
誵ּȻ̽ԪȴֱӰǬԪ
ǬԪͱһƲˣмһ̽ӣһδߵ
ݼϡ
æԼ£ûˣС治ô衣
˵ţ誸ǰһӣҪӣϲϺʡ
£ӺͺϺʮֵĲףҪĴڶǼΪʳġ
波һɿڣҺ磬ʮֺóԡ
ϲԣæָһ
Ԫ˵Ӽκ͵ҾŷȾƣ
ͷգСۣȺȾƣ졣
課õüӼκ͵ҾŷߵĵǺܽ޾֪һˣǵĹϵͱ˺ˡ
ɣ誸ˣȨ׽ܣǾΪɵ顣
æͣǶҵģǡһ𡣡
ϵĲøˣ˶֪ҪžۣôСҲңһˣ¶ĺܡ


 19 

˻ʵۣ˹¼ҹˣ뵽һڹЩթ治һӲȰοôˣϲĸĸˣ˵ǹҪʱ˽ڣ͸ˡ
ǹСƺ⣿ν飬вá
ڲʲôء
ǳԴһþпϲæͣ޲ǹġ
üͷһ壬µķѾǹˣԱǵĳ⡣
ǵķ誸ո˲ֵȥС̸ֻףѵһҲں޵ĸ𣿡
һ㶣곡ϷϷѣʲôأ
ס֣ڻָḧĴ˳ͷȵ忿һͷӿ𵭵ů
С棬ҼѾ϶㣬ֻ㡣
ҵĸ״ĵط˫ۻţůĻŨصİȫС
δ޷Ԥ֪˿̵Ҹȴޱʵ
ھ誵ĻεĿЦתתС۷ʲô飬ʵԼѾ벻ˡ
Ϊʲôüָ̧֣ᴥգʵΪҵ𣿡
ҡҡͷʦ̫ƫִԼúһ룬ǶԵģûֻұϾո֪ԼﻹҪһ
̹ϵĽԼĵľᡣ
СԼʲôĵģ˵ģ;誽ÿζܹɹİԼΣֻ֪пԼһ߹
ʵǸܺõĸףСҪ𣿡ĵʵ
濿ھ誵ļϣһ飬ȻŬԼЩѾǴǰˣ뵽ʦ˵誰촦ǻԼѡ誣ǶǴ
֪飬Լ֪Խ࣬Խ޷Ծ誡
ӱܻܹ⣬һʱ
ҡҡͷܾˣֱ˿̫Ž
ˣһʣϲľ㣬ֻθˣܳԣʺҲҪٳԣʱȤ
ζôʵ
ͷܶǰʱҵ㣬һ԰С㣬һصصЩ㣬統ζˡ
⻰̲סЦѵҲ֪СЩ㣬Ϊ˺㿪ģصǰ𣿡
Ŀͣһ£ϸȷʵЩԣ캮Ϸ㡣
Լ̵ܵ衣ƭҺܺ𣿡
ЦͷСʱôɰһʱͿƭҲ֮顣
һĹĵһ㡣
ƭҲԣҸ˵ɣҪʲôҶ㡣
治誣ԹԵؿϵ⡣
һЦĴߣСϲ⣬֪ϲϲ⡣
⣿治תͷ
СϲԣھСԡ˵ţ֣ؿڡ
ˣˡ
ô򣬡ǿٳһЩ磬ֻ
˵ţ誵Ĵľ֮䣬ζŰԵռУıǻ񾭡
ϸܵĺӶǹ䣬ĥʧǰ¡
һ˲䣬Ȼǻߣ㸸׻Ͽ㡣
һˮһ㣬鰮ĻͨͨƵһߡ
һ£ʵСôˣ𣿡
ҡҡͷûС
ǽţһĨЦٴ£˾ͺˡ
һ¡治֪Ҫô;誽ԼԽϰҵ·վ
½ϣ課һ˿ȻȰοС棬ԣ۵ġ
ûнӻԹ˵ɫˣҪȥ㡣
һԵƣһڣ궯ǿа£ȻԸ⣬ˣˣȥɡ
ͷҲƵ뿪ǬԪ
ԪҴææĳȥ£æС̫ţȻûʲôԸ
һݣͿ˫ֽĿϣɫŭӲѹ޴һ㣬˲ҿ
Ԫŵ߹ȥ誵һȲ裬͵ǰϣȿȲɡ
ʲôȲ衣誷ŭĽһӣ豭ɨϣˮһأȵĺ޲ĳ
ǡԪæڵʰ豭ĲƬȰǸʵִۣһЩϻҪൣ
һѾˣޣƫƫҪųǸ˵ĺҪô̡
ʵӦð˵ġ
誳̾Ϊ֮Ĭǲ˵Ҳܱ˴׵ģûĬҾ˵ˣСֻѡ˭أ
ʧı۾ƿصĸܡ
ҹһƽ˲١
ס𽹬滹ŵƻ
ſڵСŮæӭ˽ȥϿ𣬿æ˵Ĵӭ¡
廹ûлָæˣЪһɡ
罻ԵĹŮҪôҲ˵ûʲôԵģҺøǰ㡣
ˣǳԹģû𣿡
̾ԴС֮ҵӾһֱãģҲԲʲô
˵С޹ϵϾûǰΡ
ãûˣܻеġ
˵᲻һĹҲãû£Ҳ޹ĺӡ
һޣҲҵģѹȥķֶ꣬ðӼ̫飬Ҳ֪֪ˣô롣
ȻѾȥˣͲҪپˣҪǰġȰֺγȰԼ
ֹסᣬһݣӵѾܶģһ飬Ҹģ㿴µš
ԴǬÿ궼ͨһŸҪǱ汱Ǭ
ĸĸΪ˸ĸİΣֻ򱨸һЩ޹ؽҪ
ţȴָҪдš
һֱ֪򴫵ϢԼӲ룬ϾѾǣңûκܹвԼĶ
ùţһΣҪ֪Ǭľողμһսȷʵ˽⡣
֪ӵѵҪ춯ɻ
Ҳֻǣ֣أǲЩʵʵĶɻ첻ȥġ
еɫ֪ĸĸ˵İΣֻܣ¹شҲܹ׵ĸ治ѡ
С棬˵ҪȥǸˣ㲻ȥȻ
ͷҲֻˣȿʵĿ˵


 20 

ѩƷѾһ˼졣
ϵѩɨ߹һĽӡ߽ԵһҲݣϵ¥һ䡣
Ŷ룬һѩһѾߣæ񣬡¼߻ӡ
˵ͷϵѩ˵·һߣɣʲô飿
ȿˣȻһߣ浹˱裬´˴Ƿ֮߻ӽһ£ϱԽ߻ӵģΪΣ룬ʵڲ뿪򡣡
Цһ֪ΪʲôҽµͻȻǸҽʲô£Ҳǹɣ
߻ȷʵǹ
潫еĲһȥϵĿɬ˵ǽɡ
սĹǬһֱȴأһֱûᡣǣǬʹһơ
˵ͷʾ˵ȥ
ĸ׷ǳ谮Ǭ뷽跨˶ţĸһǣǬͿɳ롣
ͷԼĸȷʵһֱ岻ãʦ˵Ϊǿҹ˼ɼ˵ƺ顣
ĸ⵽Ǭ㣬ΣĹҽҽΣżһȴǰʱСΪޱӧǬȴĲĸӣǱ㽫ĸʱͽסһʱ䡣
ʹϾɭϣ˾٣Ҳ˵ͨ澲ţüͷ壬ϾǵϱУʾͬˣ
ʱ˶ãս¾ͿɽʱĸҲסʹѣֵиҲʲôӡ
Ȼأʵ
սݱƵܿ죬ʹ˱ǬĶ֮£ȴ⵽Ǭ㣬ա
ͷ￩һ£ʵ˵ǾΪ
䲻֪飬ȷʵѲ˹ϵ
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һĸ޴ãֻýĸӼڹУû֣ͻȻһĸӣö⽻ǻֻýĸ׷Ϊ˳Ļӡ߻룬ǻֵôὫ˵ĺӷΪӡ
ʼҵѪͳȷʵΪҪһǣ̫Ķˣ˵ȷʵҲһĵлЩʡ
Ȼ˵ʶĸ˺ãΪʱȴĸĮģ
ĸȻǻʵϣĸȴӣϲҪӣĸȥϲ㣬Ϊ㣬Ṵ£뵽ܣҼ㡣
Цһʵңʱڹг˲ٵĿࡣ
߻룬Ȼϲ㣬ĳԴöȣӶһֻǹϲ㣬Ǿͻ۸㣬ϱϾĻ£ô뵽Щϸµ顣
Ȼǵѡ͵Ǭʱ򣬸Ϊѡң
»Ҳ޿κΣ걱ǬָҪ߻뱱ǬΪʣбİ취ԲĶӹյġ
Ų豭˳˼˵ģȷʵҲеȴʦ˵ྶͥ治֪˭棬˭Ǽ٣ȫǼٵġ
ףԼĸʣԲֻԼ¶ѣ˵ɣҪΣ
ôһֱͼΪʱѵֻҪ߻ΪṩǬϢ
˿ڲ裬̧ͷ˵Щ꣬ڱǬĺܺãƾʲôҪΪǴϢΪν𣿡
ʱת߻ӣһ³ɣԸ߻ӳϮľλĴ󽫾߻ƽֽɽѱҪһҫȨȫ㡣
ȻûסЦ˼ʦŵԼֻҪɱ˾誣ܰԼһͳǬ򡣶ҪԼƽֽɽ
̶գ誾ȻԼνɹ·ϰֻҪɱеȨλͳͳֿɵá
ʵû뵽гһգԼȻһҪɽҪ˵ѡ
뵽øЦˣ調ʵ㲻ʲôˡ
߻ӣô̽ʵ
һҪ룬Ҿˣɡ
û˵ãҲû˵ãȻԼѾ޸飬ҲԸսҪһ̲ɣԼϣģһǱǬӮôԼϢĽɫҪ
ϾϢǼϢܾսֵĳɰܡ
Ҳãֻǻʧ߻
˲ݣڶյĽֵϣġ
紵˽ϵ磬ͻȻһ
ȻС裬Ҳͻˣڣ˭㲻ˡ
ЦͻȻ¡
ͷ۾Լˡ
ģСôһڽߣվЦӯӯĿ
ôһ˻±ײƵĽš
誵ûвס֣Ц˵㲻ڸϣҾֻܵˣҺҵˣȻһΪ㱻ʲô˹ˡ
˵ʲôͷҿ誣ʲô𣿡
ȥһط˵
üʲôط
߰ɣȥ֪ˡ
ɷ˵ק֣ߣ治棬Ҳž誵ĽŲһ
ȻǺ£ڽϺ֣ڵðһ굽ͷԲϲ֡
㿴Ǹôյ㸮ǰ
誵˼һɨոճĹµ濴Ǹ̯λůɫĶ˰ŵĵط
˵ͷ
ѵöʲôȤæǰǮĵݸ档
վűѩĽֵϣһ׺õ磬һһһƬãУõѳ
調ţƲ۾ϵ˶˱壬һȣֵһᣬ·˿ˣҲ̲ס࿴ۡ
ŴǺ껭ϵޡ
ôˡ˵һĲġ
誾úЦԽԽɰ̲סͷᣬЩ˼ҰͲñ˵Сӡ
治ķҼѣôϳ˼ˡ
С治ң
һͷ誣ԹԵǰߣЦЦæ׷ǰ
һ·ϣ誳Ǯָ˸ĹҵģԵģһӵǺ«Ը
Сģò£ֹ˸һ渮ϡ
㵽Ҫȥģֻİɣ
˹ãȻ
С棬ȥΡ


 21 

һȥ

ҲҪҽһ飬һû壬Ҫһ顣
飬Ȩ֪˭Ҳ㣬һʱ䣬Լȥжϡ
δǰѾ˺һѩ
˹ˣӡûУ
İǰóƣŵʿõԣ
誴˽ȥ
֮Уɭ䣬ʹ֮ǰѾ׼Խߣ̲ס˽ϵ硣
ǹѺǬҪ˵ĵطͱ档
ǰһǧصţеһж·ǵ֮š
̲סǰҪ֪Լͣĵطʲô
Сġ
誴һקסֱۣ²ȣ誵ĻסĶ䣬滤ԼĻ
ǰö𵯷׷ױըҵ죬ܲ͸ļ˹
аҪţȫϣȴ޷㿪ǰİأ˫ȡ
ü˿ţոԼǾ誼ʱԼ˻Ҳûȫİն㿪ЩأοʱʦҪйڽϣҪš
ĻһֱУֻΪԳϾȷʵйأ鶼ҵͷϣҲпԭ調Цһ͸Ρ
棬𣿡ţ棬ҹϢһɣ뵽治ȻЩͬ鱻ˡ
ҡҡͷǵһҲһ֮⣬û䱻ţֻбǬĻʵԿ״򿪣ȥ𣿡
Ȼܺʱľһط滹ҡҡͷôأ޷ͽ˸жѡ
誵һ仰ȴע⵽ˡ
ֻлʵ۲ԿףȻɱģ
£ҲĬȻȻʲûһƣ˽ն׼졣
üʦ˵ƭЮֵǬ
ǵ㣬Ǹø𣿡
ʱȷʵ˵ʱⷳңûа仰¡
ĸױǿз⣬ȥͽ֮ʱ˵ԸⷴΪǬãʵ۶ĸʹɱ֣ԼⱻҪΪǬ£ⱾǼ£ϲ⣬ʲðգһơ
ԭȻ˵һҪ˭ģѾ˴𰸡
͸һĨɫȻɱȴ˸ʣңҲԸܡţѰõ֮е䣬Ƕ֤
ҡҡͷ̱ŵţͶҽҲΪĸװɡ
취ߣҲΪֲĿǷһֱûи㣬ҵĲԡ
Ŵڻ谵Ĺߣʵдżֽջ󣬾調ţ岻΢΢ȣſ˫ۣ棬С棬Ҫ֪ϣǴǰڣкܶ˰㣬㲻ҪԱõġ
δôůھ誵ϢԼΧһ֪ԭԼҲҪҲɲǣҲҪຣ
Σࡣ
ѩĽֵϣһֱ֡
ôˣʲôӡ治Ŀ顣
課ţĸˣʲôҾҪ˶ҵġ
治Ʋ죬գʲôʱˡ
ǻһĺòã
誹Ϊŵ̬ͷȻپܾ˵ҲŲϡ
С治ϡϡҪǲСץˣСɾҪǹˡ
̧ͷ˿ߵĺƣ˵ɫˣҲعɣòȫ
Сһȥɡ
һ⳼ʲôӡ
ǹһĨǳЦҷСʺô
ϲһĨΣ˵ˣȥɣҲҪظˡ
߰ɡ棬ǰߡ
Ҫȥüʵ
ȻС治ԸһعҾֻúСظˣ֮ȥģҾȥġ
һӣ޷ֻε誻쵰
ڽĶ˻Ѿڷˣĸ϶ʱϢ
ĵͷиҵԺǾڲ۵ĽһԺӣԺһֻƹһʯֲֻҡǣòã
ϲһĨЦƽƽȷʵҸΪҪӣվ
û˵ʲôֻǿЦЦڸȥʧ䡣
㿴ǾȻ˺򡣡
ϹѾ˺ܶ˸ҡҷȼůůĹ⡣
ıҲ˺ɫģſڹŵĶӳůůġ
ôɺϷһ飬͸뵽ǾⰲˣƣҲʶȤĲơ
С棬㿴׵·̿յůůģ誰ϵ硣
֪誺ԼһûģԲ˾Ҳѵöˡ
Ĭþ誸޼ɵᱧ𣬷ڴޱ֮ϡ
ٵĺӳŽ׵ķɫ޶ı̧֣治գ۾ϡ
̵ĴŰԵռ£˼ĶȴѾסá
һ뿪壬ҵɢڵϣ誵ǿҵϢ䣬޲ý
С棬߾ͱ۾
誵ȵִü»ЦЦ
д̿ͣ
ͻȻһɧңüñӸסԼ·Ӵվ
ϣд̿ʹ룬µȻͻ뿪Ҳ˲ñܻ䣬Ŷ룬͸ŷ죬ܿ̿ʹм֮࣬誴ʮѾֵס˴ˡ
ô£Ĵӵץһ·Ҫ
𶯡誽°ϣϵа˶࣬书ٺãҲԳȥ
ô죿滰û˵꣬Ĵ̿Ѿ˽
ɺáͣס棬ͷĻأһȥ
Ѿ棬о誱ţ浹ûʲô
Ҳ벻ԼסôõӸ澹Ȼôһء
ɻ󣬾誽͵ֱͨʹʱӸʱص˽ģҴӹʱ򷽱һЩû뵽ȴΪó
ܵ׷ô죿
ܵһھͻᱻǴڵʱ򣬿춼ˡ
˼Ѳ⣬ûЩļƣѾ֪˶ٴˡ
ֻλεİѻ޵ԼĴϣûз飬Լ֪ʲôʱܷ֡
ȻЩ䣬ֻһµԵʡ


 22 

˳ܵͨ˾誵鷿һӺˡ
Щڣ׼ƺһ·޶˵
ҲΣû֤ݣԸ˵ϾɱʵۣһŲǣ㣬ǻѪɺӵġ
С棬龪һôˣԪȴȥϢɡѵõĺֻһ룬źﰵģЩµһҪϾɱ
ô£ô˯ţһ£˯ȫޣɡ
Ȼ治ܰߣ誻Ǻϣܺһġ
Ҳã㿿ϣ˵˵Ҫˣ˯¾ͺá˵ţһԵ̺ǵϡ
ôһȦ䡣潫̺ӵһߣһԵĲ豭һڡ
ȵôĲ趼ˣһҪθˡ
課䷳߶ţ۶ϣ˿ովһɱ
ڵθֻۣǾͷۡ͸һ˿
誽ŵֱӣæʵǸո˵ͷҽ̫ҽ㿴
ҼŪЩܵʲôģҾͲͷʹˡ
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滹ǲ˵
ûˣ˵ҪȻ˰ܵϣ
αΰɣαҡɶ
Ҳգ飬ԺٹܾˡдŨҵĲҲٿ棬ϵ齹ķš
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誷е飬ͷ
һź£첽Ųӯֲ濴ţҲ̾Щ书֮ߡ
ϣЩ̿нһйةฮʿ
ةࣿЦһ̫Ȼ̲סˡ
ȵʱةһɺ̫أ֮Ϊڣѹ̫̫ԸԴУةҪɱϣҲ˵ͨġ
Ǵ̿͵Ŀڹ˵ҧšü˴£ǲʴã֪Ҫ޹֮ˡ
ǲǣҪȱһڣˡ۽͸һ⣬ɭ飬˲
⼸̫Ѿ⣬ҲһˣϾ̫֣̫»˷顣Ǹ˴˵ӣ²Ը̫Ͼ·ҲǸԼ·
ŭδĻˣתͷɨ棬ȻҾ֪С̫ĹϵȻܣ̫˵
̫飬һǲþ̫һ棬ҲȷҪһӼε˽ġ
Ծʣ浹Щû˵
治شȴĿ飬調
Ӳˣ㲻ҵˣǰ͵͵ȥˣž̫˵ǲҲʲôˣɱң
治ţϣһ˲䣬䵽ǡ
治˵ɲģΪǽܹңǸ˲ٵŰɣס𣿡
ʵڲţڲǰܵˣ˿ȴ˵˾Ļ
Լ·һЦΪ˳ıô࣬ȴһۡ
ǵĺ䣬θҲĲʱ˵ʹ
ԭһжãֻԼ۰Ͱ͵ΪģԼ̫ˣôء
Цǿվɫ԰ףϼȻ룬ǳͻظ
誻һڣʶԣǸȴҲ죬Ҫס棬վûг
ϡԪ鲻ԣæǰСѣūſɫƺԣθɱǾɼˡ
誴˿ֽűһٸģֻһЩⲻǳªռҵַֻʽйġ
̫ҽȥ誻æ˵
˵ӻ˽⣬ո˵ô̫ҽ˵Ӹոôˣûʰɾ˻ȥôס
ǰðһŨصĵģ޲ھ׷ȥǸԭ¡
Ȼ֪ǶԵģ誱Ͼ֮ԷԼΡ
ȥҾӼΣӵסԺ㲻ýˡ
ǣūȥԪ˳ȥ
ӼյʥּͣĸϵӸ潫Ҫǰ
ģһ룬֪ôˡ
Ӽβ˼ĵͷ˵˲ˣûʰã㲻£סȥҲ
ЦлүģǴ֮븮ڣүҪ
С棬ͻǻֲã޹أȥסʰˣٻ١
ŭδԾ˵ôȥס𣿡
Ҳ˼ӼȰ
治ӼΣƿš
úúã㲻ȥ㸮סһܿ԰ɡӼæ׷
θۣû;Ӽξֱ˽ȥ
ԺлŨصѪζʬȻѾߣѪʾոսôһпɱ
Ժﻹ˼ˣˮϴŵѪ
찡Ҳ̫˰ɡӼθ鲻ԽסǣȷҪס𣿡
Ҫٳңϳȥüƿ˽ȥ
ﻹŸոյң̨ϵĺûȼƺž誵Ϣһ誸ոձθﷺһġ
ôˣǲѪζ̫ˡӼæǰı
Ż˼ҡҡͷˣԷĶȫӳȥ
˾һ£̧ͷʵȫ𣿡
ȫڡնĻش
һºͣѾӼζŵˣ̽ʵС棬Ҫȥ˯
ȥ᷿˯үȥԱɡ
ǲУ˵Ҫ㣬Ҫһġ
˵ţӼƨһĸ
ӼΡȻתȻ˻ϵңҲΪ㣬ֻҽĺۣûʱ˴㵽Ϣɡ
ŶӼεͷеƣ̴úϢ


 23 

ɫ汻ӳѣ˼·ƿ˳
չãԺδڵĻѩӨס
һã˵鶼ź˸θҲ̫ˡ
ӼЦӯӯվſڣæкСˣȥ㣬Ԫ´Ϣһֱҡ
һֻԪһȺСվԺŶûԪһۣ˵ôˣּץ𣿡
ԪæЦ˵ﻰθã˸ϵĳĲ⣬صؽŷʮС˸
ɨһЩʳУδΪЩССһȻǻϵʹͣҲҲܣֻǻϲûּұҪ˰ɣ
Ԫ˲ǵĺεĻصûС
ͷԸߵˣȥҶһ͵ҷ
ԪϵһӣҲȰ˵ˣ˷ˣϻūŴ˼̫ҽ˾ȣ̫ҽΪ˰Ѱɡ
һϴּЦֲСôܾţͲ̫ҽˣһ̫֮ҽΪ
ԪһҪ޹ˣֻȰ⣬һҹδ˯ﲻ˺αôƽϣҲ֮ʧ
˽Դʥ⣬ǴɡĽ˽ŵ£˵
Ԫŵæڵϣūô˼ūӴ⣬
ڻߵУܱһƽɣĵҲ֪Լ÷йڲɵϣЩΡ
л£ЩʳԪ̽ʵ
ϼȻû˵ұˣүδţЩһ»ʶƵɡ
⡣ӼϵЦͣ˿תȥıӰ¶һȿ޻ѿı飬ӦҲǣӦҲǡ
Ȼô˵ˣүðɡԪ̫ཫʳж˽ȥ
ӼδյԪߣСԹҪͻ˵˵ԸҲ֪İﲻʲôæ
ԪҲӼΣһ¹ϵ˼ūŵҵģү԰ɡ
Ӽ˸ӣֻڨڨĵ˵ͷֻλܼǵҽյĺá
Ԫ̾ɫ͸һ˿̣ԥһ£ǴյӼߣڵ̫ڹƲˣûܱ̫үҪץ
Ӽأ˵ͷлѡ
ƺƵһˣӸû徻ãܿ죬һˡ
汾ΪǾʲôˣ̵Ŀţû뵽վŵģȻ
żɫ磬ͷϲż򵥵䣬ӳհѩ֮Уĵŵ͵
ɫżСĲ԰ף
ӻûָã䣬αԹ˵ţ潫ӭ˽Ļ˼̼
Ҳ̫ˣ˶ôźġһżªķ䣬һۡ
᷿òסˣ˵ҺôҲǸϰ֮ˣ䲻ʲôڻˡ
ôס᷿ˣ
ûʲô治Ը̸ת˻⣬ôˣ
̾˿ҪýٵЩҵӾͺõĿˡ
װ֪Ц㵣ʲô
֪Ҹ򴫵ŵ飬㿴ϵɫãû˵֮££ǲǳʲôˣ
ϵ⣬ʣﲻ㲻صģһһеǣġ
˵ʲôüҪһбģȻͻ˵ô㵣ֻǾãϾûһл徵ء
ĵĲǼٵģҲԼոЩСˣǣɫͻ˲٣㲻Ϊҵģͻϻޣõѡ񡣡
üû˼
ƵҽӴ޷ǾܹڻߣӴܵϢһұ䣬ûüֵ㲻ˡ
ȻͷܣǻǱ߾Ͳ𣿡
ģд㣬ֻҪú壬ĳʳƷõģˣҲŷ
С棬˵ңҲҪúӡץ֣ĵȰš
ǿЦЦİɣúɽһûп취Լġ
εҡҡͷ룬òˣʱҲˣȻˣǵ鲻Ҫһ˿ţҶܹ㡣
ͷ˽ӡ
㵹ǻôˡӼһģվߣĽ߳ڡ
ͷüҲûǹ㣬ôô
Ӽļ򣬡ȷʵ޹ֻҿʵ˱۸
ȤЦȻң۸һЩˡ
ҲȲѡӼθ棬˶Ǵˣ˵̫࣬һ͸̫ĸҲܿѲȣ㣬ûбİ취ˡ
Ц̫˼ңҪˣѾ̫İ֮ˣ˵ҲŻʵ۵ı˻йˡ
ʲô˼ĸʲôˣӼζ췢һ֪һãȻ
ûֱӻش𣬶˵һĻһ£Ѿǧٿף޸ƻܹＫطջЧ
ӼüϸϸƷζĻã˼˵Ҫøأ
ͷ̫ةıɱϣѾˣһ̫ة࣬ף԰ԼժȥȻ˵
ǣôµȥ֡Ӽαᣬ˼ǱϾĸףðա
һ£Ϻ̫ˮݣԽҪ̫󣬻ļɵͻԽ֮С
ӼλЩԥ
̾ҲֻЩˣҲ˵뿴ʵ۸͵ķ˰ɡ
滰˵زӼҲѾָ·ǿѣҲͳƲˡ
ˣһ취ġӼ˵ڸҲǰ취ҳȥһߡ
һˣȻһߣ
Ӽγܻ̾Ҫǣ˵Ҳһ׮£ǹҪˣǰȥӭӡ
ǹˣüʮ־ȡ
ŻֵʱȻܾǺ׵󣬵ǹǬķ飬˵ҪһȻܾⲻˡ
һǹ˵ţˡ
Σһ⣬ҲʶһǹǸŮˡ
ͷȷʵܺǹ


24

ųС
ǹӼηʮﴦӭӡ
£ӼּȰҲһˣ;Ӽڶǰͷ
⼸ܺãȻݶͷţů⣬泩
С棬˵ǹô
ЦЦŹųǵһˣôүˣ
Ӽæϣ˵ʲôأҶ˭㻹֪𡣡
Ʊ䣬ϲϲǸҲΪ档˼ҲȻ
ôõķ羰Щʲôһ˹ҴȥȾƣһǧƿǸö
˵˵ЦЦʱ⣬浹Щ¶Ժˡ
үһſӶ󷽶Ҵͣ˾ӼԱߡ
ʲô£ӼżĹâϵˣרŸйصҾŷ顣
үҽոյӣһȾơ
֪ˣȥҽϸһ׼ʱ
׼ʱ̧ͷ˿ɫǵ˳ʮ¾Ҫˣϵü𣿡
ӼϵļδʣȻǸϲˣҾͲȥˡ
ҪȥҪ֪һӦ
Ӽγ漷۾һ󣬡ǰҾ̳ѲʮŮ죬ķ֣뵽ҪңҪǴˣԺĻˡ
һתЦʵôżԼ޳ȥŮ춼óˣ
ЦˣͰһ˰ɡ
ᶨҡͷУȥӭǻģȥΥʥּ
Ӽļ򣬡ǹֲʶǣŪһ¾͹ȥˣˣˡ
ӼûӦһ֮ززˡ
ⲻ׵ġ治죬˶ˣǹܻҪ˽ӵġ
ֻôŶǰ
ʮ̣
ЩƵĿݲݣ渲һ㱡ѩΪϡٵԵʣо˲١
ǹ˺;棬²ʲôƽŮӡţֻϣǹһҪʲô
ǵĶ鴩Ķ
վڶ֮ǰ׼ӭӡ
쵵ɫһƬ֮ǰһŮΧһĽӡɫޣװξǵĹӦþˡ
·ڴӭӹ빫ǽǰɡ湰֣ͣµĶ麰
ǻʵģһŮ˹Ůɫװ磬һɴ¶һ˫źɫͫ׵۾䣬ȡ
ȻŮûȤŮǶ͵ģһŮˣųǵһ˵Ĺʲôˡ
ǣѾΪ׼ãϢٰݼǻϡ
ˣǹϲʶ˸ţҵ·ԼǾˡ
²УȻǬ°Ͼﻹʮ·¼ȻѾӵȻҪȫ
ǹò˵ţŮϵŵĳޣ˦˳ȥ
ŮѸ٣顣濴СӵİϷ
֪ǹ̽Ҳº֣ɵĶһ޺ɾŮеıж
䲻ɻǲһ㣬ǧ֮壬ȫһЩ
ŮܣһĲû뵽泤㣬ȻĺãݺݵĿ棬˵
ô˹м仰ʴˡ
öˣתģǳǶĽӡ
Ů˸ƣ΢ͷ˹ȥ
кηԸ湪
ոռ۸ҵŮҪΪҵŮһ̴ֹ˼С
ǹڽУ˳Žɳһֱָ档
пռСǹ׼ͷܹǡôĹǵǷ켫ոŮĹѾǲǺǹС׼ˡ
治СǹϾԶǿͣ治ֻ֣ܳԶΪ
һһ֮أȴѾ˺üغϣǹʼûг˽ӣĽŲҲʼûж
ǬȻ˲żüãˡеջлЩĴϢ
浭һЦĹǰ
ǫˣҵĹе֣ұΪˣû뵽պʹһȽϣ֪Զˣ˹ңҲлʮУȫҳС
ҵר޷书һԺһЩˣûʲôġ
һȴǫ飬ҵЩǸʲôˡ
˵ţһֻаֻԼģ¶һŮ˵Ӱ
һɫȹȹǶŸɫ鱦ҫ۶ĿϿͬɫɴ͸һžµӣƪ
Ų۵ģ˫¶۾纣ˮһɫ۽΢΢ ּӾ
̧ͷһƲҲò𺳣ֱ̾
벻˾ǹ΢΢һЦߵ
͹ͣҲǿѡȻֺȻ뵽֪調òǹЩʲô
뵽ֿʼһͷֹסķꡣ
ˣôˣ治˵̽ʵ
عԾЩʧæ˵䣬ȻؽЪϢɡ
ǹͷҲãǾ˴ǰȥݰɡ
һǹˣǰ棬ƺƵĳųн
һ·ϣ涼־Լ޶˵ĽĪ
鶼ѾˣôֺԼʲôϵ
ǲϵȰԼûʲôôججģʹһ˽˳ǡ
ĳһΧۣеİգǿߵŮ۲ˡ
ݵˣ빫½ΰɡ
ǹŮĲ·ߣ۲תЦЦ˴ҽȥɡ
˼Ӽģ޲뿪˵Ѿ˽Ӵˣ»£Ͳ㹫ˡ
ǹ͸һĨ죬û뵽ܾеڱصøǿˣҳէЩӣҵһˣԻ˴ߣᵢ̫ʱġ
䲻ǹʲôİ˵ĻϾ¹ҪҲûɾܾ
Ǻã빫ɡ
˲٣﷿ȫ˳ǵסõһ䣬ǹסˡ
䱻ݵĹԱĵװγǵķİҲʮֵľ
סɻ⡣
Цŵ˵ͷȥҵ̾
Ȼˣ¾ȸˡ
˼ʲôˣһ·࣬ȱ̾߰ɡ


 25 

ʢȴһ·Ҳȷʵڿʣ̾ڣȷʵܺúȡ
ͷˡ
Ӣ信㣬ѾȢ˰ɡǹߣš
ҡҡͷԼʱ˱ǬڿӶˣǲԾһĨЦ
ϴ˵Ůӿ²࣬ҿԸ˽ܼλǵŮӣ˵ܴٳһԵ
л⡣ץºõľƱҲֻ˵˵ѣǺǹĿš
Ⱦ鶼˲˲٣⼸ַѹʵֻ̫ۣȥúóЩ˯һ
ЪĲˣȸˡ
ǹҲվЦЦǺãҾͲʹˡ
ͷ뿪ݣȥˡ
·ϣ滹˳·Щ±ζܾˣΪԭһֱƣѹôҲҪһβƺķ
ǰӼЦӯӯĳ֡
㲻ȥҽϺȾˣôͻˣɻһԵˡ
ȥҵҾˣҲ㣬ٺһ٣뵽һȥˣ¾Ʋ˶ˡ
ڿžӼεӿһҪ˵ĳ嶯ôһܹ˵Ļ
̧ͷ˿տգԼҪƣʵ²ǵҽϳ˰ɣ
Ӽʧ̾˿Ҿ˵ߵ̫˿ãǳԱ˷ˡ
ھõҽǡ
ӼθݣİӣԼһþƣ±ζĳһ㡣
˵ʳҲãһԵͭﾻ֣
˵ǹôӼһ֧Ѽȣһڣʵ
һ·ǹׯ󷽣ĵͷһ鶹ɷŽûȥǿϧˣǹǸˡ
ӼαǺÿæȿھѹ£ôܳԵֿҺúչģͷҪθˣҿҪǣˡ
һ誣ַòַŲ£һʱֻúһھƣ޷һ͹ȥˣộҪЩԼֵ顣
ӼҲǸֻ˽񳯿ֵԸҲȰǹҲ֪ʵĿľʲô
ʲôҲûĹϵһ߱ĲУһ߻Եġ
ӼƲҡҡͷĲںҪ˵ͻֵַҲ֪ѵָͷ𣿡
ﵹָžʶı䣬ֿȷʵ΢΢
ЦóʹʹֲĹϵվӦά̫ãҲãѾСˣÿˣͲ˰ɡ
룿ӼηеĿӣһȣֶĸ飬ҿǴСͿŵģʱƫִЩͷֵޣǲ̫ϧˡ㿴ҾŶôĮȻô򰡡
ǲһҡҡͷԸ˵͹һƣ˵Щˣܻ顣
ã˵ǺȾơӼҲͺ˼һС̳ľƣܿȥ˰̳
ֱһ̳ȫȹ⣬δ򱭵ײһξƣ̲סſ˯ˡ
ƮСѩ
ǲѩһ·ϿžӨϸѩ泩
ڹӴǹϾոսãϯõĺ¡ء
ǹɴɵס͸òʱƵƵĿͶ
ǷˣҲʮִ󷽣˵Ŀ⣬òĻӡ
űȲ裬ĿţòòҲֻǼ򵥵Ͷѣġ棬ȥԼСá
ɾұǬʲô˹۵ģʵ
ǹеľƱֱӣ֣ءǬһзҿȤһˣȴʼ
Ŷ֪˵Ǻˣ誺̧̧ͷ
誺棬ڳ˶ܺ棬ǬŮӶׯڴ̸֮ͥЩǹ˴󷽣Ҳ֪ʲô˴˵˵ۡ
λҵĴˣţһƬݻƣλȴöġﷺŹâ
誴Ц˼ùݺȤԭ޵ĵܵܣӼΡϲʵҲûȢףñǬǿҴճһң֮á
Ǿٺòˡǹĵ˵ͷΪź֮¶ҵԼǵˣ֮ϲ
ϣǲҲҪүԪǰš
誵ͷǰ硣
ͣӼαѵʱ򣬻ſھϡ
ǣûŪô£ͱԪק˽ӡ
ֱ˴Ӽλ¶վһߡ
˵ĿЦָָһɵľӼΣʩ仰Ĳ٣ɴþӼʲôö춼ɫ
ǹһ£üȥҵģλˡ
Ӽβûи׷ʲô¶æεҲȥ˵ģʱڼȥһ£ܾûע⵽ҡ
ü뿪ʱ˭ӴĹ
Ӽθտʼûô£վһ˿գĴܿ˸š
⹫ǿ棬ǲ֪֣־Լɹˡɲ˵ʵҪ˵ʵԼһֻըˡ
ӼΪѵͷȥ˺ܶ࣬˭Ӵ˹Ҳ˵ȳܻȥһϸϸ
ǹЦЦ˵ˣ书ǿҲһģүԼг͵˶֪ɣ
üӿһֲԤУӼΣĶôһˣ
Ӽ˲ǵĺֻӲͷƤ˵ôˣȳȥúʣٻع
ǹȴԸȣѵǱǬض𣿻ǻб뷨ˣϲ裬ʲô뷨˵ɡ
ˣʵʱѵ;뿪²áӼܸˣҲܲȥֲܰ
ǹԶǿͣѵ֮¿ҷһš˵
ƣӼʵûа취ֻ˵˹档
֣誵ɫ˲նʱӼˡ
ЦЦ˵޻Ϊ˭أԭˡ
Ӽæͣ£ͳһǰȥӭӹҲֻǳܵĲ²ѣȷǡ
誵ЦԽԽȴҲԽԽ£Ǿһˣˣ˭˹ۡԪ˽ùһϡ

 26 

Ԫȥ˲䰲
ӼεͷϿűеĲ裬Ҳ˵ɫĳղԣҲСһֹţֻй
ǹҲղԣһͷˮ¶
Ǹʲô˵ʲôֱӣǺܻķʣ棬ʲô𣿡
Ӽβ𻰣͵͵誣ֿ˿
ոӹˡ
Ǿȴֹ죬ЦһҲûʲôֻӣĻ£޿˵˲㡣
ǹΪ˵һЩףϾ뱱Ǭ׵ġ
ûãԪҴ˽ߣ˵岻ʣЪˣūţûҽˡ
岻ʣüӼΡ
Ӽӵ̧ͷ˲پƣֳ˲θ۲Ź֣ʵڲҺ;˵
ǹ֮ʮֵĹģȻˣǰȥ̽Ҳǻر˶ҵչˡ
ǿЦ˲佩ס̣˵ǾҾְ
ȷʵܺãƷ书һ
課ʱ˵һվǵ壬ǹʹ̫ҽһȥΪ˺úÿɡ
˵꣬ɫʮѿʱζĿ۾ӼΣҲһȥɡ
ӼսսĿ;˳ȥֱӰûתǴ
ү߰ɡǹվھӼұ˾Ӽε˼
Ŷã߰ɡӼʮңм䱾Ѿܼˣ֪Ҫôźˡ
һţһ߰˵˿ڣҿүôصģʲô𣿡
ֹ͢Ȼ㽲һʶˣҾӼҲ£ǹһĴףվ誻ǻὫƸԼ
ʵ벻һˣȻ˭Ҫɽ
ҪұǬף֪֪ˣսӼξȸԷ⡣
ǹ˵ͷȷʵˣǵˣҲǷҪײɡ
Ӽðºȴޱȵȡ
ԭֻԭ֮һʵһѴѾˡ
ܰɡȵʹ˵ûС
ΪոպЩìܣⲻЩƣˡӼαϹıϵڶû˸˵һҲϹ
ΪȻûȢףҾͻлᡣ
ӼβòĽͻ޸Ȼ˶ǿģĺÿкô
ң޸ǳѲ
ʵȱܶ࣬ȾƣˣƷ裬ҪŮ˵ġ
ǹһЦ˳תӼΣүôϣҽӽ𣿻˵ˣүӣ
Ӽα˵£ˣʲôĵǣǸ磬Ǹɱ˵ĸ硣
ʱڴϷȥĴ
ޱȺô±ζֺôľơ
θǲ˴һȭһʮܣĵҲ²˯Ҳ˯ţһ亹
һηģԺһЩˣȻַһ㲻ɹȴܴһЩο
ˣˡţ˵
ʵûмκ˵״̬Ҳ뻨˵ֻǲԾü
š
ûžӼҲˣš
һƺƵĽһˣ̧ۿţüͷĸˣǵǹʱôһ˿˿СΡ
ǿӴһ˿Цк벻ǰ岻ʣˡ
һĹģһĺͳһǲ˲ôôأҴ̫ҽǺúÿ
ʵ㿪ʵûֻ˰ŪĻɢǿףθˡ
汻̫ҽ֣Ҳû˼ģֻһЩ
˲ҳԶġ̫ҽһֱΪҽΣ˲Щ𱸡
ʵڲ˼ʱһãҳԶжˡ˵Ҳʵ飬˰ۣǹܲס졣
̫ҽһ¯棬θһһϦ飬ȷһ£л⣬֮⣬Ҳûʲôˡ
о飬ÿ̲ס˲óԵģҪ۹ʮʱû۹ʱ䣬ʲôӶõġ
ȻЪϢɣˣȥʵڲǿžӦˡ
Ӽ̾Ȼ滹֪ѾʲôΪ
ǹܻῴɫȻѾԼ棬Ҳһʱͷʮֶ£Ҳã˺úϢɡ
һȺˣڴϴ֪˶ãڻ˯ˡ
վǲģҹɫĸϡ
ģ滹üͷ˯ա
ϤӣղǣӣĿǡ
ţţҪ˵Щʲô
Ȼ׼һӵĻµͷ˵ڡ
ʲô˵ˡ
誼ЩңЩʧ
˯˵Ѿˡ
˲ģ뿪߼죬ͰӣԺ뿪ˣҲ֪ܲչ˺塣
誵ĵ̾˿
ʲôˣüͷ壬ʶ彣ʼû۾
æס㵽һߵĽſڵʹ˸ɫ
ˣңЩ̿𡣡
һת˯ˡ
誳û˳ȥվû档
һֱ誶ԼһִˣԼָƣҲӦˡ
֣Ǹ棬ʵѾڵˡ
ϲǵĹǳȫǣҲǶһɡ
뵽課įҪԼ㾡Ѫ䱦һ
ʹ·еѪֲϵİοԼǶãǾûʲô᲻õġ
ҹĵģҲûУʱһ͡
۾Ȼ˿е̿Ѿȼֻʣҽŵĺ⡣
ҹǳߣȴּǲ÷ʲôƺһϤζ
ԳЦЦôܣԼӦöû˭뿪˭ͻˡ
ôôˣô飬һʲôء
ţ˯ˣһȴԺʣ¹ͺͺ֦⡣
С󣬲ȥʲôûһ뿪Ǭ뿪誡
ڣʱҪԺˡ
泤̾ҹ紵һƬҲ


 27 

ʧˡ
ӼһЩûУһˡ
ѯʸˣҲû֪ȥ򣬽һȦҲ˿ûзһټ
ñƣȥߣһֱţȵˣҲ˻
Ӽξ鲻ԣʼʲô Ȼϵİյ淢һš
׼ȷ˵һֽֽҲֻа˸֡
ߵ֮
ֽӼᣬһ֮ôһ̯ӣҪôճ
Ӽνⲽû⡣
ȥ֮УҲֻȥҵҾŷָˡ
˵ˣҾŷĿžӼΣ˵
ǰ˵Ҫô죿Ӽγšһţüͷ塣
ҾŷŴҹɫѩ΢Ĺ⣬Գݶůһŵ̿ڽűߣٿŶŵˣﲻһ˿Ҹ
⿴Ҳ˵ӼαԹţҾŷԴӱ߽֮󣬵ʱӲˣǴʣǴӴϣԽԽһĹ٣˳ųֵĹٰĸĪ⣬þӼθӲ²͸Ҿŷ˼ˡ
ּʧ٣ûּþˣʲô
⡣ӼμеĽͣҪּãǵĹϵǻԽԽ
ҾŷվߵǰɫĽ۳ĵθ߿ֱ̧֣ὫӿһС졣
ߵǰȥã
˵Ҳò𣬱ϾֵƢҲ֪ô̵һ֮
Ҿŷ۽¶һĨЦ⣬ҷ㵹ǺϲģЩܲ˵飬úԼ顣
Ӽγ̾ʲô㶼֪ԣ㵽״𲻴ӦҰס
ҹˣүȥɣǻף⳼ҹᣬҪ˷顣
Ӽι̧̧ƤҾ˵ַ飿
ˣͿ͡ҾŷϵĲ豭
Ӽβôֻô죿
ֽŻȥʲôз㲻صߺ󣬻鲻ѣǨŭ̫˵ةպȫҽڹϷҽҲβˡ
ةһû֤ݣ㲻ĸةⲡʱ򡣡Ӽ۽¶һĨЦ⡣
̫н꣬ǵ֮ңˡ
㲻ЩϢô֪ģӼκʵ
Ҿŷһ˿̾㱾¶ûУսʱѾ˺ܶˡ
ҾţԺһᱣġӼγճյĿŵҾŷۡ
ˣͿ͡ҾŷһɨӼ죬ЦǺǵ˳ȥ
ڶʧٵģǹ
汾˵ҪݿģȴûиԼǹΪ廹ûǰ̽ȴõѾһ첻Ϣ
ʵ֪۵Ĳеˣ־Ѿ̫ѣͺѼסԼ˵ʲôǾԲˬԼġ
ǹ鲻ԣ£æ˾誡
Ѳ飬ǣҵµֽ
ԪСĽֽϣʲôûдߣֻ彣а
ɫָ࣬΢΢˶۵ֽ
ֽϵţֱнڣˣĸԡ
ߵŭЦǳˣʼ̫С䲻𣿡
˵ģֽд֣֮Ԫͷ˵
޴Сд֣ѵϲıʼԽԽֽţҪӽ裬վᣬֽֽϸϸܸ꣬ɳ£ܺá
Ԫܺõʲô˼ĬĬվһԣ˵
ǹһͷˮļѣȥˣ
ҵʵ
Ȼ˵ҪңҪΪʲô𣿡
ŭɶͻȻðһС˷ܣǹȻ飬ȴ⣬ûһȤ
ȥ֪ͨǬгǷؿϲ٣ɽųǬۡһһ䣬Ｗ˳
һִˣѪ課˾ʹ뿪
ģɿڣûʸҲߡ
ϣ⡣Ԫȵ̧ͷԥҪҪּ
⣬õҾŷ£һ٣ǰȥ׷á
Ԫĳģһ֮ľ
ּҪ𣿡Ԫֵ̫󣬵ʱ˾֪޷ˡ
޾ɭȻҪһҪ֪ˣ޺ŭ
Ԫھ߶꣬ʱҲ˾誵Ҫʲô
Щּ⣬һ棬֮⣬Ҫѹ֮£񿴿ʲô
ֻȴһν浱˳룬Ԫҡҡͷϣ˲ҪԽԽԶɡ
ǬĹ֮УŲֵһǬĴСȻǬ꣬ܶطȴδȥ
ʵ뿪ҲûõȥģԼֻǲڶǴˡ
һϣҪ뿪Զﲻȥء
ҴǰԼҲ𣬳ǿ񲻿ա
ڽֵ֮ϣڽСǰЩľһȼʱ죬ֵĴЩϲ
кǶĺȻȼŽϵ˱ͻŵ˵ִ󺰡
ЩСĿģ̲סҲ˼رС
ҽ˻ӣڽֽǵȼһֻ״ʵĹâŻڵתðһź⣬ըľ졣
¶˾ΥЦݣһеˣ͸СС񣬷·ֻص˴ǰõʱ⡣
ǬĵһϦԼһ浽ֶ
һѸָ񣬹ǿţ㿪ĵĲˡ
ǰ涼ǿŹֵǷ̻ԼȴʲôûУֻԶԶĿţȻһ죬ԼҲӵߡ
ӵһ̣ССȴˣôҲҵ㣬۰Ͱ͵誡
ǣΣֻվԶһȼ
˲Ļ漤ѣ֣ԼѤɫ
ҪʱܹԶһ̾ͺˡ
ֻϧȴݣȼֻ֮ʣµҽɢ֮С
濴ŵϵĻңƲס
ʮʱ⣬εΣ;йأ뿪ףҪô뿪
ʶЩˣӴЩ£ܽǴǰһ˰ɡ
ҡͷЦЦҲ뷨ʵʣȴҲֻҰο
濴ʣµļû飬͸һԵСӣˡ

 28 

ķܴ
潫һҾ¥ǰӵ˵ķѩ¥ϰ뿪Ĵһۡ
˶¥˵ϵѩƿš
籧ţŴķѩ档
벻ĳˣԼ£翴һûʲôѵõ¶˿Ц⡣
Ȼǽ¡£ƲƲ죬ҪǲܣҲ㲻ˣ
籧ŻĽͷ΢һЩҾ޶ȨƣҲ֪òô
ˣΣû˵ȴѶϣﻹЩԱˣû޵Ǭʱ򣬱Զ߸߷ɣϵڡ
Ҳ֪㣬һֱϣ飬ȴ˵Ͳģ˳ȫǣҲûбİ취
뷨͸Զһ㣬ò𣬷ַŲ£㵣ġ
ҡҡͷ˵
ǲ𣬽һڹҲģ֮ǰѾźˣ˵ӳɡ
𣬷ʲôˣ̧ͷеĿ档
治ԸԼʹһΣ˵Ҳʲô£ֻǾˣҪȥߡ
֪б飬治˵ҲʣȻˣҰӳǵʱһҸ徲ĵطҲ
εЦһʵֺγǸԼյˡ
ԼԸ񣬾ʺ϶Ȼп֣Ҳзˡ
ֻҪܺúõľˣҵȥ㲻صġ
ʦ伣֪ȥҲԻȥѵ㻹ȥǲɣ
Ҳ˼֮Լȷʵûһܹĵط
ǣ治ǹθ۵ĲУЩǵòУǹƺԼ˼
ţҪԼȢǹҲǼ˼顣
ʱԼͱܳϹϵȻ취һȨͳһ̲˷һͳĹûܹɵ顣
뵽治ЦԼȨ󣬾誻Ӧøеңһ֮治һܹĳá
ĿȻɵЦʵôˣ
ֻİԼͺãȻû˵ڣֻһЩ顣
㻹ЦҾͷˡͷ˲٣뵱ҵһʦɽмʱ޹ҰʣϣǰǸһ컹ܹٴλ
԰ɡǸʱϲŭܵٵʱá
ЩƱţǰǹټС㣬ǹɣԴϴδԹ࣬ЩǮ㹻ˡӻͳһкһƱ
ЦЦӹģһڵȱǮĵز
ͷ֪б޻͵Ҹ㱸ļױɡ
粻浣ģӹƱİɣȻûãܻסһȫġ㣬һ·Сģౣء
Ҳأڡ
˵ţһԵ磬ƿţȾһѩ
Сҹ
𽹬ްŵϢ
ǿˣĿȦİ䵭ķʡ
ڵϵ̫ҽ̧ǰĵȴһ˿顣
̫ҽͷС֮ӱһֱãȥʱɫ԰ף촽ѪɫǾѪ֮ʡ
һĨЦͻȻˣ
̫ҽ죬ȻԹС󣬵齥ԶʣȴҲЩ֡
ֹ͢¶һС̫ҽ˵֪ԽԽá
ͫɢϢȫޣѾȲˡ
û˵ӻ֣̫ҽȥ
ϣ꽫ʱ޷룬ֻͣڹĴܹɥ̫ǰ
һһаչưɣˡ
Щͷۣһߣ㴫ѶҪ潫һйԼǱҪߵĸԶˡ
ǵģӣƫƫҪϵʱ
Ԫһӣ磬ð
ϣȱˣһЩɡԪϵڽϣֺɫʳ
ӣһӣȴַˡ
ʵǳԲ£벻ӾȻ䵽ˡ
ѣް޺ޣǵյĹ
ҲԲ£˯Ҳ˯ţ誾Ŀţ˼ſգȴӲʹ
ţʲôҲ಻֪ʱ˶ã
ϣ˵ˡҹԪƿţҲܾǷѾϢæ˽
誻ţԪͻȻ룬Ҳæʵʲôط
ǵĳǷ˳ǵʱס书ǿǷûס˼ˡ
誵ͷ˲٣ҵͺã⼸ûϢȻֻһ飬泩ࡣ
֣֣ߣûܹס
Ҿŷȥ𣿡
ϢոմҽǱҲǸյ׼
誱۾üãһſ۾ˣǳǷˡ
ϣ𣿡Ԫ⣬㶵Ŀž誡
޵ģҪһʱ仺
֪ϵ˼룬ȻжġԪοԼˡ
Ȼֺѣһľ֣誵Ȼˣ͸ѵõЦ⣬ԸǾͺˡ
޵ĺںҳø˰Ӽ͹ȥ캮ഩһЩš
ãūȥ졣
һͨˣеʹ㲻ʹֻ࣬ȥԶֻҪˣͻ
٣Ҳżˣʱʱ͸ЩȥǬõİ˰Ӽ⼸õĶࡣ
ǣԵĺˣ˯úˣҲˣ£Ӽνһ
뷢аģĽе󹭽ߵľӼΡ
ַɲ꣬⹭־ͲҪΪѳˡ
ԾͺãֲǱνӮ
ӼΣΥʥ⣬ֻôӼгһ֧ɫŤѵ˹
ಡһδаУ͵˵ϡ
ӼεͷЩΣ͵ۿ˿Ӽı飬֪γҲֵˡ
ϾͿˣ̫һֱãҲȥɡ
Ӽæл˵ǽ̫߸ˡ
ةһ̫ľҲûˣֻʣһռӣ޹ؽҪˡ
ˣ誵λòˡ
Ӽβ˲ǵĺ̫û㲻б˼ԼԺӣҲùˡ

 29 

žãӼ̲סһѾõ顣
ڽܱϾ֮꣬ȥ乬
Ӽ˵꣬ͷҪϾԼһֲǸĳˣҲ֪ܴܲӦ
ûش𣬾Ӽĵ̧ͷ˿ߵľ誣˼Զɣ֪ʲô
һǷ˼ڣֲСһֱ㵱õѣ㣬ǵǺ񡣡
ԭ棬Ӽŵķ˲٣Ҳ֪ˣһǷµ
˵ʲô壬ֻǾùƮ㣬ߵĲ࣬ЩÿģҪȥһ£Ȼ޳˭˵׼ء
ҲУŨҵĹ¶ͷ޳ɢϣ޷˵׼
ȻѾˣȥ㲻׷ˣȥĴаɡ
л֡ӼæţǸδһ·˹ЩʱգȥͲ׷ˡ
лޣֻ룬Сڣ֪ȻῪĵġ
žį񣬾ӼҲȰοķ羰ˣһģСֶĸ
Ըɡ̾ˣȥɡ
Ӽ񣬿ž誹¼ŵıӰнԶƲҡҡͷ
ʹһĹ乬ˡ
£һ߽ĳǡ
ֻ̣һСŮſɨŻѩͣĻĿžӼΡ
ס𣿡Ӽʵ
СŮ˵ͷָָ
ͷȥͨһ¡ӼξԼһֱӽȥá
СŮ۾㶵ĿžӼΣƺû˼
Ӽüظһ飬ȥ˵һ£Ӽ
СŮͷɵЦһ£ɨѩ
ӼεͷҲǣҲǡ
ԥʱ˳
ôˣɵ
һͿӼվ⣬סˣû˵
ӼҲû˵˻Կţ˼ǧ
޻˴ֲѣδʩɫ͸ŻҰܣ㲶ûоֱϻһƬۡ
ôˡЦŽǵͷڶ˸ҵͷ
ˣ˻֣㡣
ɣ䡣
Ӽθߵ棬ҲůͶ١
һ̿趼ûУƵģ©ŷ硣
ɣ֪Ҳûüʰ
˵ţһӣõɫˣڻʵˡ
֮⣬ûеڶˣֻڴϡ
Ȼƾɣȴʰĺɾ
ӻˣҪޣ̿乬еġ
˲ȸ͹ˣﻹңұ乬֮УܳȥҵСŮɵֲ̫ãֻպŹˡ
Ӽһ꣬Ҳһʱû뵽ȴ䵽³취͸Ҳãӣôܵķѩ
ҡͷЦЦүԸңѾˣνˡ
ֺαˣѾӦ꣬㵽Ĵȥٹһ꣬û˼ǵˣұ㰲뿪ʱȥﶼԡ
үطˡЦҡҡͷﶼһģžǰˡ
˵ܡѳܣӼβܻظȴҲԸ
ԴҼүĵһҾ֪ˣ⣬һһԸĻɣҪܣΨһҲûˡ
Ӽγ̾һ£ǿȰܹȰģֻҪڣʱ䳤ˣִͻûеİɡ
ˣ˸һ¹ٸЩ̿һ˹Ӿͺùˡ
ӼֿһۣϾǻ⳼бԺұ㲻ˣౣء
үͻȻڣסŶľӼΡ
㻹ʲô𣿡Ӽûлͷ
Цҡҡͷûʲôֻٿ㣬ҿˣˡ
ӼƿţͷҲص˳ȥ
鲻֪һû֮
ʬͣڴĵڶ죬޹ʧˡ
Ϣʹ誽еص˳ȥ
ˣԭѾˣȳûк֮ǣԶ߸߷ˡ
ԪȻ֪˵˭ʵǰȰҲ֪ӺȰֻü˵ϵۡ
б£ƭ޹̫ҽ޵ʲôˣܹŪɵ𣿡
ؿת⣬ܹԼһüȡĻᣬǸͲˡ
һֱҲŹģҲǺ˻ϵ˼Ϻα
Ըһ£һ£ҵڵ䣬õҾŷǰȥ׷ؽޡ
ӼνյУָ£𣬰յȻѡ
һԸֻԼЦԼ
С棬Ϊһ޹ˣӣעԶġ
ǣ̾ϡࡣǬıߣƶ񤣬ס˺٣еһЩ˼ңҲԻźϱߵ˷Ƥë
һ·ϣǵĳǷһ֮󣬱㳩ͨˣ治ѣҪԼ٣ĿĵţûҪȥ
ˣһȡ
ٵ֮ϣһɱ
ͣǰ˹
Ҽҵҽﱸ˱ƣɡ
ҽˣܸˣôʱԼȻһˣȷʵЩµǰźȺȾƣٺòˡ
ݲԶһĹ㵽ˣݵĹԱæӭ˽ȥ
òһлãҾŷһװվſڣЦ˹
ҾŷԴӻص֮󣬱ҲûдٵĴ磬˿ţһ£ܿ죬ľʧ۵ס
㲻ҵˣܹ˵˵ˡЦź͵Ҿŷһ˽ȥ
ѾԻٲ˵ģ⣬θϼ죬ֻԲˡ
ߵʳҲ֪ܲܳԵĹߣصڶЩģ˹
ԳȻнȴʳǵСȷʵҲܾûԣĺˡ
һ飬ŽһЩйڵĵܰ䣬Щ
ԵĿģҾŷʵ򽫾ʲô𣿡
ԳһЦģôһǰңȻΪ˺ɵģ֪ΪʲôҪ˾ɣ̸Щ˷յĻȻɾû취ˡ


 30 

˵Ҿŷһ˿жΣվҪһ𲢼սΪˡ
˵ǱҲ㣬ǷųϢҪ򡣡
δҪ£ϢܣҾŷҲš
ǱҵˣҪˡʱ䣬⼸ҪЩ鷳ˡ
ȥǲȥ
ҡҡͷһһɣһûá
ҲǣعҪ࿴֪Ӧ
˵ҡЦһ齴ţ⣬ʹӼΣôģ
ҾŷЦҡҡͷ˿ھƣҪҷȫıȨӦǲɵҺʹӼߵĽˣĸǱߣ֪Υ治ТԽܡ
ĸ֮Ů޷ϣŮܹƽϲ֣ʱһ˼Ҳܹܵġ
ԸɡҾŷеľһĬ
֪ȻϿθ֮УӼθĸࡣ
ֻ߽˲Ż֣ᷢʵҾŷģһ㶼ȾӼ١
ǵҼҵĵӣţʮͳеһҵ裬ҪһҪ
˵ЩˣԺˣһػûйδ飬δ˵ɡҾŷ̧֣еľһ
ҽΪ룬׼һҪһȥһˣңһǶҪǣ۽飬ӦúһˡҲеıӣɫ˵
۵ҲĶ֣ץ㣬رΧˣֻ⣬ǲǸˣҪԼȥ
ĿأЩ䣬ͷµĻЩƣǣƣͻδαǣƣԶҲӲˣһΣҾΪ帺ۡ
Ҿŷ΢Цŵͷο룬Ϊ㿪ġҲңҲҪͬ飬ҹƽһսǶء
ףҲ㡣һԵ彣а
ҾŷҲùһԵġܾûкĴһˣ뽭պյĽɴ˶һҲֵˡ
ˡ湰֣彣Ժ
ԺӲ󣬵ʱ˽ţ˶ԶԶģҿ
ҾŷڽĹ򲢲óֵսϵɱԱԡΪ
ǹԽȻΧо޴ƣȴ罣
ֱףˮƽĸ֣ȵʵҲֻʽٶȶѡ
ŰѩһĨ⣬ҾŷһװףȻ䡣һ򵥵Ĳ£һĺڳа
Ŀڵ˭ȳУѰҶԷ
ҾŷšĳȣȷѣһǹѸֱָؿڡ
רΪսսϵɱٶȣʽƽʵֱӡ
Ҿŷٶ죬ȴףܹšҾŷǰȥ
Ҿŷתͷһ㣬ջڵϣһб꣬ʤ޸
֡ҾŷĿޣǶ֣Ҽ䣬ҾŷҲʮ־幦õˡ
ˣҪˣСġ
˵ţѸδΣ˵ҾŷǰĽ޿ɱܡ
ֽϮôҾŷֻúһ룬ǹ
Ľ̫죬쵽һأܲ㣬Ҿŷʼ޷Ҫ
Ҿŷɣȴʤ棬޷ץסĹɣתáƣı¶̡
δϵҾŷ֮Ŀ׼˲Ҫ̣һʱЩңæ˺˼
ڶѹȻ˸ƽֲ֣ʤ
Ҿŷ˼иеʱѾ˹ĽǵҾŷĺ
Ҿŷ̡ƣҪʮѣֻڵҾŷûзӦʱ򣬿Ҿŷһת󣬲ץסת˲ŵơ
ҾŷʶĿģϾأҾŷһ
ۿҪҪһУѾҾŷֱֱ֮ӭȥֻǽҪԴ
һһУȴҾŷһ˧ʽȻңȴһ
ûϵҾŷʹʽæ˻ȥǲ׶һ⡣
ʿɶֹˣ˫ʤѷ֡
ҰˣķڷҾŷһߣȻˣ֣Ҳʮֿġ
ҽȻҵĽ£ȴ޹Ҫʵʤδ֪
Ҿŷʵʵ˵ҲǿţҲʱҲĶ֣һˣӲʤˣ˾ˣûнڡ
ҽڳ۳ɳԲóҵƶƣ˵
̫ǫˣס㣬߰ɡ
ɫЩᣬȻԼһҪĴɣԥʵˣҪô𣿡
иԵܷһҪǣҵļˣҴһƽҾŷ¶þɳһ£Ѿúܵ
ȴ²̣ҪҲҪսϣôܳΪȨ֮µƷ
ҽңһתһȥס㲻¡
Ҿŷü⣬ֻҡҡͷ˸򽫾ȰοҲҪʲô
̾͵ͱǬƱҪһսпõĽŲ࣬սһϻġ
ҾŷһȻһֱɧû򾿾ûʵսֻ᲻Ŀս֪ƣ
ұϾӣ֪ģ˶ЩһսƲ⡣
ҾŷﲻЩɪ˵սһܹػսͿ̿һɣɲҪ
֪Ҳ£һУƣ
治ͷЦɽ׸ģƣˣôܿ޹ǣǾ͸ȥˡ
벻Ͽƣվ㲻㡣Ҿŷ̾˶ȴƫƫ˭Ըãֳĺ
Ҳһֺ꣬γԸȥǲ˰ˡ
Ҿŷ˿ߵġȥҲ֪ʲôʱǾͷ
һֱֹĴȥ˲ơԸƽ㣬ǲӦóΪȨƷһ½ġ
ҪôҾŷ̧ۣһ⣬벻ܹͨʲô취
εĿЦЦججô꣬ʼҲûЩ껪顣ҪЩ飬Ҳǲˡ
Ҿŷ䲻֪澿δ㣬ϣܹа취ˣԸ³ɡ
湰֣ŵҾŷЦЦڣء
أݲ죬һһӰԶ


 31 

Ϧ֮ҹһƬŵƽʡ
ͮͮĵӳϲ󣬹Ƕ޵·ѵõļڣڻ԰档
̫Ҳת񲻴һΧСͤѩ
ǻôһꣿһλ̫ߣץһѹӣһϷı顣
̫üҵЦԵЩæڳûʱˡ
ȻΧ˲֪ϸ飬Ҳ֪Ϻ̫вСĳͻ̫˵ˣҲʶȤĲϸʡ
Դްţ𣬺󹬿ûʲôźϵˣһɵȰǻѡѡ㣬ʵ󹬣æڳУӶҪۻˡ
˵˰Ǿ誵ĸ˵ĻҲԽ
ѽиãƷòһģҪǻϲڹҲá
̫ǰ֮ȫʧȥȤֻܹƽգҲЩ硣
˿̫˵ҲԾû˼㲻˵ˣ˱ļҳ
ưѩЦﻶ誶鷿֮УȴۺҲմϳϦϲ
Ϧ֮գԺ׹޹ʱΪɣʽǬս
ݰ̽棬ѻص׼
ָܱɫ
һ棬һ񣬱һݴ
ϣҽѾˡԪ˽ͨ
誷Ѿıεܱһɫ
Ҿŷոձ˴Ӵ֮дңͷɫЩ㲡
һ񣬲һԡ
δܴ֮¶Ҿŷ񲻹Ĺ⾰ҪõҾŷ課ЦԼһ쾹Ҳˡ
ҽ֪ΪڳϦ֮ҹǰ
ҾŷҡҡͷɫȴδԳɻȻ֪
課֪͵Ҿŷ˵ĻֻҾŷս֮»һ֪
죬ս飬
ԸʾҾŷ䲻Ըս𣬵ΪˣɳƴɱǱܵļ׳־
誵˵ͷȴˣã̧ͷʵ棬˿˼ǣ𣿡
ֵϲ̨С˼誱ڣʵ̫֪𰸣̲ס˳
Ҿŷһ㶣ȻﶼףȻûϵ誻ֱӵ˵ԭһʱ֪λش
һ٣Ҿŷ˼صĶ֣ܸûء
Ҿŷûش𣬵ȴӡ֤˾誵Ĳ²⡣
޻ĵȻˡ誵ૣһңŵ̾Ϣ
ϣڣϾޣаգ֮ƵСҾŷķս
誵˵ͷܿʹɶ˼ʲôǵҪģĲʤҪһݡ
ʮϢ㣬壬¼£޶ãһݣǲܣֻǿ»ܾˣͿ̿
Ҿŷ˵ʵ飬ҪһݣҪ׶ĸҪʧˡ
в¶һ˿ǼᶨսҲݣ˲ƣڱǬû嶯֣湫ȻΪУҲûйϢɡ
ףȻϺ
ĵͷǳϦҹЩȥͼž۰ɣϷʺá
ҾŷһůǣǻҲЩЪϢҪΪ̫ˡ
򣬻ʹ
濴ĵƻ𣬵ĵҡҷ˸;ڽϣһѵĶǺͮͮϲɫţͲ֪Ʈ
ʶʲôʵףԵ棬Цʵ
ع˫ЦЦӣҲǿ͸Цҡͷûʲôֻ򾿾ͱǬͬǬ˲ѩˣ򵹲ô䡣
ЩȻˮïůȻǱǬȲ˵ģջãܲЩӺ󣬱ˡ
ʵȥ˱Ǭô֪꣬ܲءһĻʳ򲳰Цðôһ仰
һֱأܺ˶ٶӣʼ԰򲳴߽˵ûʽ̫ӣ˶ĬΪ򲳾δһλʵۡ
ֻЦЦûзΪڵĵλҪʲôҲҪ֤ʲô
ͲǵǸ¿СˣǬʵֻҲڳϦϣ˽λãλãǰһֱ򲳵ġ
򲳿治𻰣ΪǴǰǸ˶۸Сӣˡ
˵ʱʵܺһźǬǸʵ۵ģ֪Ǽ٣
еĲ豭ɫ΢˱䣬Ҫ𻰣ȴȡ
СΪűȥıǬֳмҲˣô˵˵Ļ
˵壬ڶûʲôڸУĵȴֱġ
Ӿһ۸棬ȻܣлͻᰵаһЩСæȻֻǾ֮ͣȴһֱš
ʵ˵ںȴҲˡ
ֻĵĴţģӳɡ
֮ϣһҲûӣͲֱ˵Ǹɵˡ
򲳵ĵλû˸Ҹ˵һ֣裬ĻܵˣɣҪΪǳϦ磬ǾҪִˡ
棬Ϊ֪СϢʲô˲ˣҪǸʿҲЩ͵ķϣǾּ˻صġ
濴򲳣ֻЦһû˵
治˵Ȼʰ֪ص򲳡
ȻɫһסˣĿ򲳣ǳ⣬һҲûֳӣСǸ
һ򰮻ӣܹίǲϷ
ҲżֻЦЦҪ֮λӽ֣ǻֵӣ»Ҫĥһĥ
飬̸Ц򲳵ĳһ֮Уͱ氫һأңỹ˿ûа㲻˵˼
ܵ裬̲סѾƱһˤʣҲ̫ûдС˰ɣһҪ
治Цʵڿƣˣܳŵһ֮λá
һջû̫簮һأѺò״µĽɽиķ
δţЦİеĲ豭ɫͨ򲳡
߱ĲУ̩ȻӸ޿̣һ˦֣뿪λȥ


 32 

̧ۿ˿ܻ򲳣Цеģڴ֮ͥ¶˵ֲԼ
վסס򲳡
Ȼſ񣬵ĻȴҲվԭأûٶ
ʵڲ⣬ô˷ǸǰһĲ棬ڽµˣôͷϣʶҲɫ
С˵Ķԣ̫簮ˣ޻£ϸС
ʡüֱ棬޷ڷ
Ҫǲ͸޹ȥһ£
ۿҪԱǬñܹĺûᣬ˵ó谮λȹ̣ͶһЩܹڡ
ʱ㣬ǿɾʹһĺûᡣ
ȻĲ鲻ԸѹԹޣǿ¶һЦֱֳڿˣС治Ҫ⡣
ͷǽˣҽ鲻⵹ҪֻΪ򸶳٣㲻ô˵
ǣҼˣҲС飬ԭ»ֵ֮ʧɡ
治򲳣һһĺģʱҲ弸䣬ûʮûȤָոյô׸߹ǰ˳ʮֵĲʡ
ʱʱѵ̻ò֡
˸ǷһȺСӴֻЦЩȡ
ʣˣȻȥϢˡò׵ȵʱʱһƬ̶ٴˡ
ȰĵͷҲ棬Ǹˣջãһ꣬ȥúϢɣʲôҪģͺ͸˵
лˡ
ʣҲȥˡ򲳿ˣסҲҪ뿪
ῴ˿ɫҲЩƣˣˣұ㶼ȥɡ
뿪ϯ򲳴żĻףһ˳ȥ
棬վס
ͣ˽Ųͷ
򲳴żˣ˹ȥ
鵭ģʵֻ֪ʲô飿
˴ᡣ򲳵ȫˡ
Ÿʵ̻ΪΪڸʲԱߣȻҪһڶ
氵򲳼ֱ಻ƣ۹ﳤĻӣԺ˻λûıǱ̻
ЩˣԸʲô²˵ҪȥϢˡ
һЦϢ԰Ҳ㣬ԶϢ
أ̾˿Ҫ˷Ѱʱˡ
׳ȥܵܣ԰ɡ
˵ţһ׳˶ĴĿ¶׹⡣
֡岻֪ı߼Ҵҵ˹˼ߣҵĴģֵܻԺΪСƽˡ
һĵ⣬˿ãҲƽҲУֻҪڵϸҿͷԼʮ£¾ˡ
ʵ̫ɣûסЦ
ĵЦüЦʲô
öѿֻ̲ͣסЦЦ
³׼ŭ򲳣ߵĴ󺺣򡣡
ȵȣҪæס򲳣֣ұϾֵܣСˣøʿˣ鷳С¸Ǹˡ
Ȩһ£ͷģҲʹȱΪһΣˣͷɡ
ûж˵ôʲôԸ⣬պҵǻ㻹Ҫҿͷ
Цһֿгˣҿðɡ
˵ʲôܲ˵ľһʲôƿصӣ׳򡣡
С档嵲ǰ棬æȰ͸ɣ׳ǻ³ˣˡ
µĵͷֲֺԭ׳Ǹ֡
лѣʵڲ˷ʱ䣬һ
˵ţ涪ˣԹԵˡ
ʹ˸ɫ׳̳ȥ
׳ʱҲΪᰮţ㱻ؽڹĹڹãȻܳ谮򲳡
֪һϮһ׳˸գ׼Ĳȵʱץס׳ֱۣһֱ׳Ҫ
Ȼ׳ȻĲȣȴһвûЧ׳ҵпĻᣬһȭ˳
氵Լո̫Уרĳбһ»ᣬ˳ŶֳȭƣһתԷǰĺ󱳡
׳о飬ϵ֣ȭֻǸУʵڱϣܿ󣬹ص
ʵսľȻ࣬ȴʦңѧʱʦǣҲǽһһУƭ
һ䣬תֳŰ׳ǰȥ
һʤڲɣǧ
ƽɳ㣬ݹľ֮һ׳֣ͣ
ͷʦԴƷ
ʦгһ벻ƷҲ¯࣬ڼȭһҲĶ֡
ҿ𣿡浭ʵ
㡣׳֣˵һߣ˵˾䣬һȥ㡣
򲳺վһԣһͷˮֹУǼбԾֳܹʤȴѿĻҪ
׳ôˣ򲳲ʵ廹ΪǴǰǸ޻֮Сӣ԰׳ʮİա
ҲĶ֡
Ƕ֣޷⣬ûдô֪Ƕ֣
׳򲳣ˡ
һûȤûɣ׳һֻöݺݵİһۣˡ
ȴںķæ׷ȥ
С棬һ¡
ü滺һЩֻʲô𣿡
ոǵˣҺû£㲻֪׳ɱ˲ˣԴ˴֮󣬾û˸ڴǰ˵һ֡
ŶһЩ鲢ûʲôȤ
λҾúʹǰһˣҺˡ棬Ҳƽһֱ
Ȼͣסתͷ˿塣
һ㶣Ҳͣԣôˣ
ҡҡͷûʲôֻǺȻһ¡
ʲô£Ȥʵ
Ǭս£ô
սµּ⣬ҲһֱԸ
ԥһ˵Ҵ£ֲʲô
ʺսϾޣȥǺ¡
էһ޼ɵһ֮ЩҲĳ棬žԵȨʲôع˼
뵽Ҳ˵ͷǰƫһ磬Ҳûʲôõġ
ױƫһ磬ʵֻѡֻϧʻס
С㵽ʲô˼һͷˮЩˣֺЩס
δҪľһսĹĹĹҪúϡࡣ˵꣬泯ƵЦЦתˡ


 33 

ǰסĵطǰɨ˳ỹʮź
һжûб䣬ֻ˷ǣĸҲĻһС桱ˡ
ŨصĹµӿͷƣ̿Եϣź˶ȥԼһŴֵ֦⡣
ǬӦѩ˰ɡţڱǬһڡ
Ǭȷ˲СѩʱһҲԼ߹һڡ
죬ŶëĴѩ̻˱һȡů
ʱմӹ˻ѧһĹǴʱʱϲ֣һ죬ʱһصůʱĲУһҲûˡ
調źЦҪ˯ŵ棬ڶߣһ죬մһĻңȥϴϴ˯
治Ľ誵ƿϲ˲䣬Ҫ
課棬ÿɰԸ˱ˮ
ݰף꣬調ţԳҲ
û𣿡ۣʵ
ѾˣӿˡæսսĻشĿ˵һԡ
誵ĻһЩ滬۵˵ȥϴ˯
Ҫﲻš
εЦҡҡͷһѽᱧҡ
еֳ˲٣ǰֻԼϥǵСкѾԼˣٹ꣬߹ԼҲδ֪
н֮˲٣ϰ䣬ȴ޳Ӻÿˡ
調ţ̾Լ뵽ȥˡ
Լ⻹δ潲Ҳ֪ܲܽܡ
һϣΨϣҡڲûʧ
վû˵ڣһΰɣȴ֪һʲôʱ
ūźӰɡվһԵԪǰִֻӦǸɵġ
ȥɣκ˲š
ǡԪϢ񣬴˶˳ȥ
誽һԵϣĽ⿪ϵϵ
誴ûֻЩϵ·ֺܷһʱ֮ҲҪô⿪
課սˣİŪżӣ
Զһ㣬ҴˡʶԼǰԴƿʶո˼Ҫס
뼯оѱԼŪӽ⿪ȴҲ޷оˡ
ůů壬ɢźŵζѩ׵ĲҲ̲ˣҵһѼֱӽӼˡ
££誵΢΢һ¡
һӾͳˣʹǰͬƺҲ࣬˴ǰͬͬ˯Ӳʲôһ̣ȴǰͬˡ
ˮڣӸˣ誸Լǰϴѣϴв·ġ
ǣͱק
⻬ļа˰֣課ĽŽīɫĳƮɢ˳
誽ǴĭͷϣȻʮֿ飬ȴ㣬ֻϣʱܹһЩ¾ãʲôҪˣҲĸԸ
˰ɣٴҪͺͷˡ治Ļͷһ۾誡
ˣһ㶣Ҳ֪ոԼС˼ûб沶׽
šͷҵԼϽЩˮϴˣҪȥ˯ˡ
˵꣬ӳ˳δţܻԽ誣˸ոµ·
ˣոձµǸϵڵϣ誼һֱڡ
ӣ˼ңԶ֮ǰصڡ
ʱܾһֱҰе֮ڿڡ
ͨ͸Ըܻ䣬һְʾֻϧʱδᣬˣҲͲھƺǿ棬˺ķֱ
ЩʱһٴصʱѾˡ
ʹ
濿ϣţͽ˯ˣʱɫ֪ʱ侹Ȼô졣
۽ǣۣЦЦʲôˣȻˡ
һֱۣǧҵ棬ûԥǻˣ򶼳ʱ졣
ص򣬲һʱ𣬶ǵõһϢԼʦ
Ͼǹʹ治̿ʹ𣬰ʧҪıһȫĴ¡
ˡƿţͿ׳վſڣŵȴ˿山硣
֪ɷȥ˵׳˿ܣʵ
ͷ׳ӭ˽š
²μһţ׳㵥ϥڵϡ
澪ȣæ׳𣬡ʲô˼
׳ɫˣĲ£ߺ±佭ججֱ˹ΪһܹɱᣬΪ𡣡
üû˵ϾУ֪٣治ðϡ
Ҹ˯ѣո˵Ļû壬߰ɡ
֪ңص֤˵ţ׳彻档
ӹǰȷʵʶǰ飬Ѿĸˡ
ĸױǿӽұΪĸ״Ϣǵҵһֱղ񡣡
һóһ룬¹شȴǲš
֪ѵ򣿡
ûлش𣬷ʵ𣿡
׳ͷһҹңĵ飬ҵݣֻҪ˳Ϊ֤
ҲЧ˹һ϶໥ϵã׳ô˵ľԷЩ
˵ɡ
ǡ׳վɫ뵱¼ʱǸӣʱۣѾܹһˡ
Ҿñط꣬˾ɱɢ˰ɣԺҲҪ˵Щ治ĻԼվ
ǲңǳڣȥˣһʱ֪׳һֽ档
ãʱһȥݼʦ°ɡ
׳ҲתҪߡ
ȵȡԥǽס˰׳ͱǬ誣ûйϵ
ʳ仰ʱ򣬾ͺˣòž誣һζûˣǾʲôûˡ
飬ֻһûʵȨĻӣ֮һᣬһɱıǬ
ĵĳһԼҪĴ𰸣ûƭԼһжġ
ԸЧ
׳ʮ־ϲ֮ãֻǴߣδؿϷˡ
ЦһǸȨ׵ˣôҵôȴܴս»ûҪʲôʲô
ãԵĽµ֪֮
ĵ˵ͷһԸġ


 34 

û뵽ôͻټ
վʲô
ʦԥ滹˽ȥ
沢ǲͳ棬ֻǲ֪ϴǼº󣬼ʦҪ˵Щʲô
׳һģ֮ЩΣȿ˿ڣɿʲôģҲʸá
æӦų񣬡ʦɺã
º͵һӰɣҲɡ
ʦƺԼûʲô٣Щ
δúİɣȻȥˡ׳ʶȤĲʦͽ̸¡
˵ͷл׳ֵܣˡ
׳뿪ĵĽ¹غã泯ſڵķ˿ʵ׳µˣ
û㸸׹޽еʿȭ£ҹ£ߺç˼ӡǰбѧ书ߣǰ㱻н˹¡
ԭˣһɻʦɽӣὫ֪һкܶ־ɲʦйɣ
ϣµĽʿΪߺƾյĽ飬ҲԸΪ£㲻ȴƿ֮¡
˶٣˿ɫ˵˵ףЩɲڵĻѪ
ԶĿն˵ȷʵʺĹһ죬ձ㲻ð
˷ܵεķ֣ĸþöûйˣС棬ͨˣǺףұɱɣ֮ǻӵ¾
ʦҶȨûȤ᲻ˣôӣѡһʵ˾ˡ
λ͸ġ֪ԼͽԸ񣬵ôġ
Ȩ֮˾ˣôòõģȥλ֪ҪֳȷѪ꣬϶ҲԸ⿴
ؿھȴĬˣ˵ʵػǶȻԸеġ
㲻ԸͰˣǱǸСӡ
ҡҡͷһŵӣüҿ壬ȻСȴʧֱ򽻸Ϊʡ
壿һ룬ȴʵ벻ʲôõϢʵ̫ͨͨĺ޴ڸС
Сʱڹ۸ʱ˵仰
ͷλñģ㲻뽻˭㽻˭ɡ
ª֮УƬ֮䣬˵ļԻ㽫δѾá
գʽսʤǰƽʮ
սʤȫ֪Ҿŷս˽ⱱǬӵĵϸټϱǬִӦս׼㡣
ͬһ죬Სز̫ҽ޲ߣΪΪصĻӣڵּ
£ϽȥµĹߣС˵
ֻ棬ûнңվһԣЩסˡ
԰꣬ϲδ
򲳺ݺݵİһۣĵĿ˽ȥ
һֱã죬Ǽתֱ£Ѿ޷´ˡ
֣ס棬
ԣûпĴˣ
սʤ㣬㻹Ҫźá
װͲҪЩˡ
ҡҡͷʴӦ㣬ֻҪԸƽ£޿ʱ޶࣬Ϊ̫Ӱɡ
һû뵽ᾹȻľ⵹ȫһѾʲô
̣ȴ벻ʲô
ԶԼˣԣֻ̽
̫֮λѾΪ֮һˣҸոջһϲͨ˵ȴΡ
ֽ̾˽УĲǵһ𣬻˭ܵȻ谮СҲףǿнϴλҲá
ԷֱĻģּ⣬شҲֻģɣǵӣλ˳ôá
εĿЦЦС棬Ѷ̫ӵѡ򲳣ֻЩڿ죬֪˭ܹ˴ΣȻûλ֮ģ統ˣ˵һ˵˭ʡ
ƺʣҲҶĶӣȻϲĳ̶ȲͬҲڷʲôɻ䡣
ҿΪʡ
С𣿡Ŀ˳УСʲôᣬȴʲôƽӹܱƼȻĹ֮
֮»ҪԶᣬţá
ɿ֣ͷصͷϣ˵ҲǣɣС棬˭м޵Ĵλ޶š
գȴȤʺúϢˡ
˻֣ȥɣҪҲɢ˰ɡ
ҳӵĿˢˢɨ˹
ʽдȶȥ
ȥʱѾˣᲢδˣУҪʡ
Ŀ򲳣ûжŵ̫ཫҪȥ
ҽȥҪʡ
´󹫹һ˦򲳣˵ӲҪŻϢ
쵽Ĺῴɫñ˶˵ʲôѾʥŨ򲳽ʧ衣
ŵĻһЩȼǼѰһӣ˭Ȼ˭δӮҡ
ûȥлйϣָ󺰵棬һвȸʣҪࡣ
汾򲳾⻰ʵھÿЦ̲ס˵ȻҪ࣬ʲô壬ֱɱңһһܹɱң
һʣƿԣʵԴӳϦҹѾ鲻ԣʼĻˣ񣬸ǲ֪ôźˡ
򲳹ŲӴ𲻳ȴǿŲʾݺݵĵ棬ԴܹһЩ
\"ּ\"ʱһС̫һּС˳ڼ䣬
ң岻ŵָָԼûзӦ
С̫ཫʥּ壬ӡ
⡣ӹʥּһ޴룬ȹǻ֣̿ͷҿ򲳵ķ
ôԭΪ棬ľ棬ȴûϵȻһʱ֮Ҳֲ׾ô¡
ֻվһߣĿһУȻףȴЩ
򲳲ĵʥּȷʵд֡
֣⣬Ҳ֪ʥּ޴롣
һʥּ˿ûа취ֻˡ
С棬ô죿һĻң
ֻǵĿ壬´һ£˵ֺúˡ


 35 

弱תֱ£վûͦ죬̫ʱ뿪ˡ
ǰּδ⶯ҡģʱزɥս½ɥᡣ
ھ֮УϵɢϢ뵣Ĳɵ
ȥˣǿеļЩ
˵ͷлӶĴǰȥˣӦˡ
Цһݺ˵ҵβɣҲ벻صĶ谮Ķһιµġ
̣ͨ׳ҩÿ춼ԸȥĲ֮Уô򲳺ᶼ޲еޱ˳
һжѾ䶨ܾãƺﲻԣȴ˵
ѹеĲص̾ҲһȻһûõĶӡ
־ĴЦ˼ǱӦ
濴ʦѵõĿģԸɷ羰Ľеɻ󽲳ֻü\"һƺ̫˳ˡ\"
δ滰ָȻڴñĿ֮УԺ˵Щû˫ȣгˣҩΪľôһ죬ܹһʧ춼ж˰ɡ
ϵĲһڣԼ̫С΢ˡʦҩףġ
ˣ̫֮λȴҲûж£ҪλҪһˡ
Ĭ֮£һҶԽȷʵҪһ˼
뵽֮޾鷳΢еЩƣѾװ򲳵ˣ˻ʵۣĻҵ֮ұͷһȾЩ£ȴﻢˡ
ͷһȱ죬Ķӣҳͽܡ
ʦĿ佱ȴôҲ˲ԭϣỹܶЩʱգҲıһʱ䣬Ҳһͷһؼë
ʦĺޣ͵ҩԼûüһЩԴҪӲˡ
Ȼûãȴǳصģ뱱ǬĲɿ滹üֵЩȨѫ󻹲ں˺
ͽüͷοʦӪ꣬ҲЩδжѡ
˵ͷˣܶҲҪȥˡ
˳ľݱزɥԲϾµۣڳ̫ӣϢ̫֮ӾͿ˳ĵλ
վſڣţæӭȥ
С棬ˣҪôźá
棬޴롣
ǰּ⣬Ӽּ⼴ɡ
ǴǱߡ度µĴ֣ǲͬġ
߰ɣ˵治壬µߡ
ѾվˣľһۣվԱߣȻûȥȴ־ڱصõӡ
󣬿Щ̫߽
˺һʾǰ档
̧ݣΣ㺦Ҳֻô󵨵˽ȥ
ߵ̨£תվãȺֱͦأǰҼ񸸻ʼݱ֮¸֪ʲô
վ󣬲ɵõ˵ͷȻСһЩ粻ңȷʵЩ
ӣΪȻӼȴûҪ̫ӣ̫֮λҪӳ顣
⡣û⣬ͷ档
˵ͷʾ֮ǰ̸˵ȥ
õ϶˵ΪȶزɥҲͲӦб춯˵Ĳɣ̫֮¿ݺۣһְΪ˸ʵ֮飬Ҳ򲻻óġ
һϯоݣ˳Ȼ޷
ڳһʱƿԣվǰ򲳡
򲳱Ž鶨Ҫǰ˵̴˲̶ʴ֮£ҪǴģʱǸλȣԺˣ
ܣ٣²˽⣬񸸻ʲˣһ˿ҲӦдС飬ұϾǸʵĵճӣ㹲ͬһĶ⡣
򲳵һҲ˽̹ģ˵Ҳе
Ҫô˵û̹ˣ޴Ŀ档
濴򲳣ûзĻ˵Ӧڽ£վλãЩװɣ
һʱЩɻʱܳ谮ҲվԱߣδЩס˵ȷʵԽˡ
һĴ̨ʱ򣬲Сʧ󣬱ץסѱ
濴˵ּսʤΪ˵ֶһ޷أ
뱱ǬζѣҶЩСֵ̣һᡣ
ҲȷʵĹȷʵҲҲʲôĲõĵط
˵ʱ̶̫ѡ
ô㻹ųʱɾˡ򲳼硣
϶ˣ
㲻Ҫǿʶͨ졣
˵ûģͲҪ˭ܹվϷģ˭ĳ빻ࡣ
治˷ʱ䣬׳Լĳ롣
ͱǬڽսҪɣǸλʲôûˡ
˵ûԼôܸġ
˵̫֮£ս飬иǾһŽⳡɡ
ϾڶԸǬǵһҪ񣬷˵棬̫֮£˵Ҳ١
ҲеĿУ̫֮£պ˵ɡ
˵ڳһڣ˱㲻˵ʲôˡ
ȻȴҲް취ֻú޺޵ˡ
С档£ôˣ廹ܲĿ档
̾ڳк޸ֻˡ
֮ô죿û⡣
һ򲳳
ʮ־ȣֻҵ𣿡
ǸĺûᣬձȨô᲻Ըȥ
ǣһ˱Ȩ֮󣬲ָô죿
ҡҡͷӮһΣʤ˱Ǭ׼ܣټ֮ڵҾŷ£սָƣ񸸻ʲˣҪʤڶΣЩ˼ȴˡ
ĻˣǼȻӮϣСǻֱͶˡ
Ҫֱӽˣ̴ˣ̫ϾҪˣмְգ
ŻȻ򣬵ͷ޵С棬֪ԼＸܹϴλȻҪ㸨
ЦһȻûȤҲû˵ʲôӦûкܶҪˡ
߳ѹֵĹ̧ͷƵ졣
յһͷ֪ǸûʱҲԼء
е飬ܿͻһ˽ˡ

 36 

ꡣ
δı˵
ڴⲽ˼
ҴҶſڣ̫ӹеɫֽɡƿš
С棬ˡǿ˾һʮָ˵ӭҲںһ·մȾĳ
𼱣˵ߵߣһԵСϿ۽ǽϵˮ
Ҳ˹ȥһߣѾ˺üˣôźá
΢΢üԭΪ֧Ÿһû뵽Ȼܵôס
ܵô𣿲ҲãԼģ۽ҲûʲôñģǾĸԸϽɡ
Ǭñľ飬Ȼô졣
˵Ȼתͷ塣
˵ͷ̽˸ϢԾ課ŻԹ˧Ǭͣ־ڱصá
΢΢Żžľ̿Ĳɡ
忴治˵ʵԱǬϾ˽⣬дľ飬ȥӮܴЩ
ҡҡͷĲ룬˭ûʤġ
Ǿֻʣһ·𣿡ʵ
ǡնĻش
߶ԥڿڣףǱǬȴЩ֡
ü̧ͷ壬ѾͱǬ̸ˣ
ɫЩΣǴǱʵ֧ŲסǬ˽ҲǸող֪ġ
ü䷺һ˿ЦһʲôҲûҪ̽ôá
ҪΨһһսƷ㡣忴ɫҧҧ˵㽻ȥҪ̤ƽ򣬽
濴ǰ̿裬򶶶̲סЦ誻һûгΪǿȨܵõһ
ı鲻ãæ˵С£ҵ˼Ȼ㽻ȥģƴһƴһ˭˭Ӯء
̧ͷмָжˣڲµʱʵҲã򲳵΢ˣҲǸλˡ
С档ԥȷʵιܹһϴλȴ뿿ԼĺֵܵõһУĲԸ⣬뿪򣬺飬ˡ
İɣҲԸ⣬ûǿҡ氲οļ
廹ǲģӱǬλȥһŹġ
ûлشߵǰī˵ЩˣʽдһŽɣϣԺܹһӵĺþ
С档վԭأûж
ЦЦʼϵǺմЩī˫ֵݸ塣
̾˿ֻýӹ˱ʡ
£Ǭʽ򽵱
󣬶¸һʼѾðѿˣڴǰϲȵ֨֨ĽУЩտյġ
ҲˣͻȻûһĿ꣬Ҳ֪Ưȥ
ͽ򶼳ǣϵģûҪԼһЩʧ䣬һЩҡ
ôãֱʱԽԽ֪˵Щʲô
С棬ôŲæ˽
ô飬Ҫ㴦ôʱܵˡЦվһϢ㹫ˣڱǬ֧£˳̳˴λ
㻹֪˱ţ˵Ҫ㡣˻ûŶӰɡ
˵ţ̴ùһƱ˽˵Ļ㶼ϣƽϢЩ͵͵
ӹƱЦʵôû绹ǮͷԣҪ⣬һܸϼ
üͷ壬ʮżô˵Ц㻹߾Ϳߣȵʱ調ճɾͲˡ
ģһش
Ǿ߰ɡһ棬Щϴ·Ҷװˡ
潫ӹϣ·ǮҶˣԺЩҲȱˡ
ֵܣʲô߰ɣصϺõĺѪų̼죬Ǿ׷ϡ
һ٣ʵˣô죿
ǰȹһһأҵ֮˵
ҡҡͷ˻ȥҶˣҲߡ
ߣ循ȣΪʲô
ȻĻش𣺡ΪʲôҪһɥ֮ȮһȥģôȥľȥģûңҲûܸҡ
廹ǲ⣬ϵľδ㱳˾誣˵ΪλԼĸ׺ֵҲŹŹ㣿
磬̫СˣҵԼҲòȥ
岻ǰĿƶ棬ô꣬ѾСʱǸ۵Сܵˣʲôˣ֮еĹ°ȴû˿ȥ
֪ǱϾ誴ԼˣѾˣƵһѣûܾ㡣
¸жеϸ֦ĩܵȫ棬޷ǾԼģԼ¡
ֶһԼˣ鲻࣬ЦĽҲͬھ⽣ɲǰѧġ
ûҪɡΪ棬ɡ
ǳ鶯̲סЦˣȥɣұ֤һһŵ档
廹ǲģû취ֻСӦԣ¶ӣҪġ
֪ˡ˵ͷ
Ŀ뿪Ŵͩź;ĳԼҪ˵ʲôҪʲô᲻Σ᲻᲻ɢҪɢҪô졣
飬һֱûʲôõĴ𰸡
ֱϵķ춯Ҳûлع
ڤ˼룬һüͷ΢壬һҡҡͷһ̾ʵ벻ʲôˣ˸һ롣
ȻֱۣȻһཱུĶһͷһӼΣô
Ӽ޹죬Ҫģǿ㲻֪ʲôôֻõˣٺ˵
־ϲԼոյС˼ӼοæεûʲôֻǾߵͱǬͬűǬˮʲʺͩ
Ӽεͷԭ벻㻹Բľ˾ͨһǵһϿô顣
Ͽ⣬ʵôң˵ҽҲڣ㲻Ӧ𣿡
Ӽγ̾һˣȲĹ㣬Ҳ֮С
ȻЩЩ˷ܣʵ˭ġ
\"˭ǻߵĴŮⰡС㣬еУôãصҿ㡣\"
Ŷʧĵ˵ͷǿеĲл㣬ȥ˴ʺá
Ӽεͷ͵Цһ£ˣˣ˭Ȼǻֽġ

 37 

ϲʤǹƽʵʲô
㣬ȴ֪ԸԸ
һ㶣û뵽ȻΪʲôʱȻҲ֪˼˵ĸˡ
һů⣬ﻹǹȥ֮ǰìܣһգ˭ʱ˵𣿡
Ӽε˵ͷˣ㲻֣ȥ˵
һ¡תæסӼΣʲôʱ˵ˣ
ǵǼǲӼü˱ֱ׵˵
ҪΪ˰һЩ˵ףͲҹˡ
ӼλȻĵ˵ͷǾҪˣͽлֽ
н滹ûô£Ӽξ˳ȥɻҲŹȥˡ
صմȾһ꣬վԺ롣
һվԭأһԲ
ȥɣ䡣Ц˹ӡ
źú׼һ˵Щʲôû뵽誾Ȼðվ棬˸ֲ
ôˡ˰죬˿ϴʪۣðôһ仰
誽С¯ϵĲ浹˱Ȳ裬Ц·ϻ죬֪һԺӾ꣬춼ΪҸж˰ɡ
ˣվʲô濴ž誶ǰʪͷЩģȻȱǬů׸һӦߵĳʪ
ֻҪ㿪ģԸվϼ졣ϾЦ⣬Ƿ˿ࡣ
˵ĺһóһɡ
ЦŽӹͷϺҵĲţһ߲һ߿档
汻誵񿴵ķʵңʲô£
誷²֣˵ȻǿҵС乻ûУ乻Ǿͻؼңû乻ҾŹ䡣
ɻĿž誣ƺǰʶľˣĪǳԴʲôҩ
ǶͷģҺõúܣûԴҩ
ֱ㲻ң
ôæΪʲôҪ㡣
㶼ף͸Щڴ
˼ǧС֪Ҳж
һıԹһļƤ
æ誵֣ñָ״̬Ⱦ
ܸģûз˵ϰߣȥ͹ȥˡҴӸոռ誵ĵһ֪ΣȨѾԼˡ
ЦЦü䣬ˮס棬㲻ڵʱ룬ǸıԼʹ࣬ʧȥʹ࣬ˡ
ǳӲô˵ˣȻһûΣԼƺҲдȫ־誡
һ룬;Լʵ̫ԣǷǸž誻ȥˡ
ǲپᣬ˵һҲˣߵͻرǬסһΰɡ
ϵĻشҡҡ޵ĺοĿˣǰ˽ѡ㣬ѡô
Ȼů󣬵ü˾һۣʾ
Цӭۣˣ˳
㿴Ǳвʺ磬ǳȥߡ
ͣˣ߳һʺ磬̫¶ͷػɢ
汾ãӭĳ泩˱ԺӣĻʹι䡣
Ĺ񣬻ʹͥԺƵҲһ뱱ǬкܴͬȻ˸ͥ԰Ҳú档
Сĵط誶޵ĺ棬Уûвļ֪꣬ÿһ顣
ǹĻ԰ˣΪ˶࣬Сʱ򼸺ûôҲûʲôӡˡ
ÿһͺ;誽йصĹΪٴ𲻿׵£ʹģ淢ԼȻˣ̸޹ؽҪ˵һ
ôǲõļ䣬ǰƽµİɡ۵֣޲ܽΪƽء
ЦЦܾЩѾȥˣڻ˭۸ңѾںЩˡ
ţҲΪԼǿеģǰЩ۸ԼˣԼ۶ظ
治ͷߵľ誣һеһУҪлԼõˣԼߵĺǣʵҲԶӲˡ
ʵҲֻʹģļͶǿֵġ
˵ţžһƧĽȥ£ſһֻèĽš
شƫƧڴԻϲ˵Сʱ򣬾ġ
˷ܵܵǽǵǸԣͯļʱص·ֻصЩʱ⡣
Ҽǵãһһӡ˵ţڻԱš
誺棬Ҳ˹ȥ沢Ŷš
ɣ׾ܱڳţϺȻһĨصЦ
ҵˡͣӵóһޣ˷ܵľٵ誵ǰϺͱϻմźЩ
ʲôҲú档
潫ϵ˲СʱǮ±˷־Ͳû뵽ôˣȻڡ
˵ţ潫޴򿪣óöͭ塣
㿴ױƵİͭǮٵ誵ǰͭǮѾʴ˺ںɫּˡ
ЦţȴƵСʱģöͭǮҲҪ䱦Ĳغá
ĵװģһһࡣ
ҶеˣǮձԡ
˰ɣҪ֪ձд㣬һҵġ潫öͭǮӻ˹ӣǮˣͻɡ
ѽһãصġ誸ͭǮŽ˿ڴߣǵٹ䡣
ͷҲվ
ȻһϮ书ǿ沶׽ɲѰɱæתž誵ķ˹ȥ
һƿն汧ס誣ĺ󱳣ǿ汳̵ǰ
誵ĹȲĶֱ࣬˹ʶʲôҪƿʱѾˡ
˲䣬һȻûдĵطҲ˵ĲᣬԶ㿪֮塣
ԶʮˣذΧΧˮйͨΣӲȥˡ
ŵ˿ڻѪ誱ס棬ӲƴȻԣȴܲսˣҪȸֹѪ
ʲôˣΣңӺݡ
û˵Ƿ࣬˳һС·һͷ׵ߣȻĴӺ˹
誣Ŵǻǵһμ棬飬ҹȻû
᣿ͷһ𣬺Ȼԭί


 38 

ǻ˾һöԣܰѶԷ˼¸
ֻǾƬ̣㿪ʼ򶨵ķµľơ
Ϊƭǰ
һЦҲɣ㲻ô׼ҼΪǣڰ൳ˣ㣬Ǻ֮ϲ
վ̫ˣ誻棬ѪѾ͸ۣһƬ״Ѿˡ
ҪΧפʿڵҽĴ²飬ʱļ¾Ҫ
ͬĵͷ˵ûҺαҪɱ㣬ǸܶԱǬȡ𣿡
Ҹˡ
ۿŻԵ棬ɫϾҲǻʼѪҲɱȴҲûãɡ
ôûã誺ȻγϵаұɱҲвǬֺ
Ϊһ޹ؽҪԲãĿ¶ɻҡҡͷǲţҪ˲Ҫɽ𣿡
ԡᶨֻһ˵ѡ
ģƲ࣬ðա
ˣȥ̫ҽ
誺ʱһķѾõĹرء
沢û˵ĵطֻʧѪ̫࣬ҽ֮󣬽˹
̧ۣž誾ڴߣһ㲡
滹ûʲô£Ҫ˵ȴûֻͶȥʵĿ⡣
ᡣ誻⣬򵥵Ļش
˱۾ʾԼˡ
;⣬ҪΪ̫ʦڷ飬þյء
뵽вʮ
䲻˵ȴ˽ӣְһеĴֵԼϡ
İɣʱô㰲ˣ˵ҪͭձģûǮô
嶶Ц˳˿ڣⱻǣٴѪ
ԣҪô죿ָһЩǿ
誳̾ҡҡͷҲܵģɡ
ûԾȵİ취𣿡
˶ĻˣһˣǾûа취ˡ
\"С\"ЦЦҲҪ˺˵˵־һΡ
ҡҡͷ㣬ʵûվȣˤϵģ֪ôùɱֵļء
誼򷢶ʵ̲סЦҪǲΧźüȦⳡʵ̫ˡˣҪԼһﳯϦദһ֪Ҫ϶졣
û뵽Ȼʵˡ
ҶˣԶ誵ǣ˵
˶ǼˣȻ˿δҲжཹģԺúȱҪġ
ҪǴԼǸһҪá
ߵԣϵʳд򿪣¶ȣüʱ̫ãѾˡ
ûϵҶԸһھˡ
ϾǱʲôͳʲôжӾͲˡ
ôУθãСҪθۡ
Բԣ󺰵ˡ
֨ѽһűƿ߽һˣʵʲô
ָָϵʳУˣȥһݡ
üƺû˵ĸֵֹҪ󣬲һ㶡
誱ϾƱˣܵ壬Ҳûзֻվԭûж
ָָڴϵ棬ʮֵҪˣҪǳԵĲãʲô飬ӻ˳
˿˿ڴϵ棬Ҳʮϵĺ˼һٵӡ
˱һһ㶵ģò׼٣ҵ飬ʳóȥæ˻һݡ
ҾûС㻹Ϸ츳
Ц߹ȥװģУˣˡ
ۣǺӶĿġ
ܿ죬µʳоͱ˹ǵڣҲ֮ǰḻ࣬ʳġ
誶СĵĽһ棬ʳУó࣬ʢһ㣬ϲθڡ
ֶҲûʲôζ˵ϺóԲóԵģһϲ嵭Ķ͵ǲƷҶˡ
һ룬Ҳź˲ǣı۾һãԶԼ֡
㲻ϲԼֳԶ˵ҿǺԸΪִ͡ʳóһ뼦ٳԵ
šͷְѼԵˡ
θôãҲ泩ôʳóһ롣
ˣѾˡԲĶӣҡҡͷ
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˳Եıģɹ̫
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ǰװ̫¶ˣδ֪ںģһ̶Ϊˡ
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ڣֵҵ𣿡ֱۣ˱Ҫ˯
㲻Ǹո˯ѡûԼ˵課ա
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ʧЦ˵ߵ£һ顣
ӾһĹȥˣڼ䣬˵òһϢС˯˯˳ԣ棬ڴϣһȦ
Ҫһˡ課䷳Ȱ˵
˿Ѿ裬Ǿûˣô죬ԽԽһҲ붯
һȦҾͶ㽲һ¡˵
ģÿȫ誽ĹѰȤжһĹ¿һµľʹӴ˵㻰Ҫһġ
ȻǳģͽһСʱ򱻹ſ޵Ĺ°ɡ
ǹǲðɡ淴
ǽһСʱ򱻴׷ܵĹ£һ¡
ģܶ˶׷
ǽһ
ˣˡæ˾誽Ļ߾ˣֻ㲻Ҫ˵
ܻ޿κεĿɰӣЦһ㡣
Ҳ֪ͱǬ̸ôˣô죬һ㶯ҲûС
һߣһ߶߶˵š
˵̸еģӦǾӼΣʵģǵҾŷ
˶٣ֽ˵ҽ˻ǿ׵ģڣӦòʲô⡣
žûлشԼתͷʵ˵أ
¶˼΢ЦӦþ⼸ˡ
˵ʲô죿ʵ
誻ûüشӵĴžͱƿˣʮ˽


 39 

Ҳ̩ȻȻһЦݣ˸
誷е飬˲մȾīգɫƽĶã⼸ˣ˸һЩ
㵹ÿһþûʱˡ
誵ͷЦЦһ޳ɣջϲһ
£ܻĺݺһµӷ֣ҲҪ˵̫磬ҪĶǶ
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ҧеĺ⣬ҾŷӲԣֳӣ˵ͻı
ǣҾŷֱֱȻֱô
ЦվҾŷҪ㣬ſ̸Ǿһ˰ɡ
˵ţˣ
ߡ֣һ־ڱصá

ȻһҽУոջ־ᣬ˿̰ڵϣϻһذס
ŨصѪζɢء
㣿ͷվԼĶ塣
ζ벻δۿΨΨŵŵСܵĶӣȻڱͱһ
ͻæǰϵذףû͸ֲһ
⵶ȫؿڣ˿Ѫڵϣһغˡ
ʡ򲳿һĻѾɵˣߣ޲ֹ
Ȼתͷһ޴壬ֿ˿棬󺰵泼ӣҾ͵ɱ
û˵꣬򲳱һȭͷϣʱز𣬻˹ȥֵǰ׳
׳ֳϵذף̽򲳵ؿڣȷ򲳱ɡ
һ˲֮䣬ҪﶼССķ˲֪룬һƬҡ
潫Ƶǰ棬˵ȻѾݱָܴʹðȻʣѾҾ͵Ȼʲʱ̳дͳ˳
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ĲǸʣ̧ͷʵ
ǡҡҡͷ
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㲻
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Сǲ˰ɡ誴ս˽ߣš
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