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1

ʮص϶һƬĿߵΪڤ
ڤ֮ˮϣˮڣ淽λ
緹ʱڤˮ溣ɳ̲ʰǵֱͯȻһԶк¥ҫ۵Եᱡ
˷ܵתͷͬ飬¥ȴգۼʧ
ͬʱǱӰġ¥ĳһŻɫ۵С
ʮ߰ģڣͷѻë촽͹๣Сһֻװˮɫ롣
ɽС·ʪԱˮ
ڴһƬ߻谵֣֮ʱңңĳɵðһᲽѸٵ˹ȥ
ȥķһԼĪߵľʯʯһԼ¶һƬɫ½ǣƺ̫/֣Ƭ½Ҳλεͣ
еˮһҲδʮָˣתʯױƵĽͷӣˮ
ʯͷԭǸģСʮĹ⾰һžСδȫüۼİȴչ¶š
ССɽἰƵ֣Ҳ˲
ΨһССùͷһݷܵеġ١ɽΪ
˿زžʯµ±һţʯȴʼ˿
͵͵ĿԽ룬ηؿһۣƲö
ʯͷִֵؽһ˳ֶ룬ϧؽˮһЩ©ģǻĵӿȥ
װǽϵĳ¶ģղܵС룬۷һ᲻úȣȫλСڣκڳһ岻͸Ĳġ
۵ؿʪӣ˹ȥӵĳ嶯
ڣ֣
ӡһǰȥæһĳȰ˵ôͷǵڽ⼸ճȥأ̹⼸գ̳ʲôʱʲôʱ䡭
ƳһۣĶôϻ
̾һһӣִֻ˴꣬תȫ˫ǴʯͷһΪϡ籡һѵ
ƣСӣʲô
ڻһæ÷ʯͷ̽Դ΢΢һ㶣㿪ʯڵһ
ü˳۵վţŬԼĴڸС
ǰŮӣЩǸޣжķ飬Ψ˫Щ
ŵһ곤ЩׯأϸҶüһ͵Ļȣһ˫вӯӯģ
곤Ǹ˵ͷ
˳ĬƬ̣ԱСĵش˹ʲô㲻ῴû۾ô
üͷ΢΢ף֣˹ת
ѾߵˣҲ΢΢Ծһסָֻ򶨣ƵسŮЦЦ
Цգתͷգգ۾ѹ󷦵úܣơ
ڽŴһҲҴ
״ŮȴھסСӣЦŶԵ˵ƣСѾͷһĿ𳤡
ۡЦ˵ʲô𳤣
㣡Ůһţתͷ㡭
󰲸֣𲢲ôƣ񡣡
Ӧһͬ飬ת۱Цģ׵ģ
ʯ⣬ӡԴܱߵķ˿ɫ
΢΢Ʋͷеǵ࣬ºʵʲô
ҡڶһۣǰסСԴһһ䣬ͨʯˣȥҪ
Ȼϴβһѻôˣ
Ƶغߺߣˡ
㰡㡭εصһƶͷ⼸յϽϣʯ򶯲ãвԡ
δƻӦǵӦǶġ˵գϸ˽ȥ忴
뿪ƷŻ޺޵ʯһţÿ¶ϣǧˣҲû˭ֻС˳
ŻδԶķ治ĻȥæȰһõžҪĺ󳾣ҲȲѣͲҪ˵ˡ
ƲΪ⣬ҷôҲǳǸģģͷĺˡ
˵ţ˼ؽճȭĴָؽڴһûһµôţʵ˵Ǹ˵еһֻʲôţ
ֻ룬ڵׯЩ۾
ҳڣûء
ĵŲŲ磬˵ϵǣ˭ܡҡۣ
ⷬ˵ǲ˵۾Ǹβ˵۾ǰΪһλ춯صĴΪн겻¶档
Ұ죬ȻǾ춯صĴΪβиȣЩƤֶ϶װˣһҲ£ʲôҪȥ˼Ķ硭
СѾͷһ˵ûиŵģѼֲ֣ҲȰֻĵ֪Ѫ£ֻܿ۾
ŶƱšʡ¼ʵǣλ춯صĴ﾿˭
⡭ڻûʲôʱԶҲǵˡ

ȶȵƺܿ콫ԺƶؼŰʯͷĴҵ
ϧʹ̥ľҲδŲʯͷֺ޲ߵشƬ̣һתڵɱҡ

ŸʲôƲͷؽȥҪɱҵӣһЩ¸ϽܣжԶܶԶ㡣
ڱţڷž˵ңԺԲƵİСˣܲе֪֮ˣ
ȻƵúܣһڼǸ㡾ְصʹӣӵȻҪԷӡ
һɱУ͵س˹ȥ
ȵվԭأ۾һգҲգһгΪˡ
ڿţȴֻֽϻҲδô˵Ǿ䡰Ͻܡϣǰֱ㶳ȥ֪δȻŷ۵ĺ⣬ݺݵ˳ȥ


2

һȴǿߵʯҲƵŲ˼硣
ڱݺˤڵϣѵشӵϳӡ۾ǹ̵Щʹ㱾ñȻܹĳ졣
۾ָЩѾûа·𷽲Ǵ۵ĺֻĴ
˿СȻԭأΣԵظ̾͡
ڣ
ƻͷ˿ʯƶµǼۼʮοʯźȻʲôƵģڵûУ
ڼֱˡԭﻹģ
ж֮࣬ƽվǿҺܺãûˣۣ
ƺɵؿһۣˣڵϰɣһȥǵȥҵ˵Ұѽ⿪ˡ
ҪȰ漸䣬һβδ꣬һתԭΣֱֱسȥ
ۼһɫߺش˵ϽλãЩţƵ̾һæԭΡಡһʧԭء
ڤֹϸһɵΪخ
خǵҲɽ侳ޱ߼ʣȫͬһ磬ɽһ
ԿٵϹ֮һķһռ˵أסʹخ˸ƣɽ
ƽخɽ绥ͨͷΪǿʢ֮ʱ˼ҲԼ
Ͻϣخһ磬ʱֻǿʱԲɣʯγɽ֮ۡ
ʯͨǲܺϹˣҲġ
خخʲãǧ귽Σͬ裬࣬㽫ȥƵӣҲɼˡ
ѧʱߣһֻ˷ʲôҲķˣɳΪһֻ˷ɾֻûεķˣΪ˽Ƶ֮һȴδ˵ʲô
ʯŲλãϵĽЩɶˡ
˵гȣ˭ǰַǷµĽ硪
Ϊ˷ķܴƣ»þ۲ǡ
СԽԣô˴ηۻη
üͷƶӰڿһɫۼͷѻëεžžવ졣
оҰΪ죬칬ڡ
ϹУɷͳܷݣͳޣͳ㡣
һûԺ󣬱ǿޣԴˣֱǳΪۣϽҰ߽Կ칬ְ
칬жĵţϵš
ǧ˰ʮһ칬Ĵ٣ÿһζΪͨʯȻҲӲţδζѡߡ
콫ر㽫ꪺᵲſڡ
Ʒٶȿͣ£ڵϡ
Ƭ̣תͷλ콫ϴʱҲţôͲʶˣ
콫ΪЦӳʾ칬ơ
ҡ
ƲƲ죬ȡң˰죬ͳһѻɫƣ顰족֣½ǻһС֣дšخһ֮ƾ
ȥŵơ
콫ӹȥֻһۣջسꪣԭǷߵʹˡ
ƽƴȥһģû¶Ҳˡô࣬һʱǴͨʯ
˵ͨʯ콫ŻȻءһȵԭʹǰǸ
˵һ뱻ʻȥ¶һεЦݣӲŤת겻ʹǺǺǺǡ
ƴһ֣ˡ
һֻΪԭΣ˽ȥ
뿪Ҳ״콫ʵλ˭
Ǹ콫¶һһѾı飬ϻʮͨʯ˵ÿ˺üء
ͨʯҲ콫ü°ͣÿɹһžҪɲݣͷ룡
˭˵ءɲѵãһʯҲףһܵһšǹһȥʮѪǰȥʯֻ˼Ҵɲ뿪˵˵¶Ҫ̯ϣһƴ
Ҳ콫һʵҲ֪λʲô˴󵨣
콫˼һ˵ģֻλСＧ˰աղλǸģδԭΣҲ÷˴Ǻ˵ǵ΢ɫǳܲ˭Ǹ׵ģ˵볤˶ǷˣֻǷＧߵһС澰ˡ
һλˣͬصͷ˵ǡ
ͷƵķųţ˽ȥµĶأ
Ժһþ޴Ĺһ԰׵ӹĵʲô
߶У̻һ飬Ҳת˲ʧӰ١
ƺܿѰ˺Ժ¼ֻδڵľ̳ӣζЦЦǲҿɾҪľƶˣ
˰ΣԺûһ˿ЩãֵµƶҪôֲ㣡
䣬һֻëӹϴԾƼͷ˲ա
ƽ׽ģʵ֨֨ȥĶˣ
֨һֻСצǰͣ
˻
ʳָŶϵһ£ӵȥЦó죡
¶ǣ֨֨ŴڵһһĵԶȥæϡ
Ƶ˷Ĳ֨֨ͣƼ״Ҫ壬ȴȻһԾ˷
һЦ˺ԭȥ˻δȵ:ͷԭңأ
ԭڷæվӴָŽűߵС:Ķ
һڣͷƽ˼ҳԶ˼⣿
֨֨ƨһţ޺޵
ʲôƨӣ֨֨һԶеȫץ˳֨֨֡
֨֨ӣƨߵߵرƣҲû˼
ƽ֨֨ڻУ̧̧°ͣҪͨʯġ
һţӷԾȥһƸţһҡͷûС
æ󣬡ҪǲҾͰʯķӸ߱ˣ
ֹ̣عѱթǧˣǺķʯٶȣҹԪӣҲԶˣ
ƲĹʯܷ࡭µ¯ӣ
۾һ˵Ŀģ
ƲΪ⣬Ǹ¯ôҾ˸
ٺЦս˵۲ǰһֻܲ뷨ӡָ˸㶮áı顣
˵ˣƲͷش֣Ѭĵ
ǡЦҪţ
ƿһۣԥã¶ȷһ֣ҪڣһӳҪ˵Ļ


3

һãǸʮ壬ΪǼϲ鱦칬޵ýӲӡ
ȥ˼ʱѧĻݣǾǡһӱζ
칬֮ڣ·Ϊ˳Ӧ۵ϲãҲǽߡɫ칬ʯɫѡ
ÿÿ칬Ƭ̫õĵضεͷΡ
ǰȻֵƺеúܣһŴֱ칬ڵһĨ
һѣδɢشࡣ
ƽ˴۽ǴЬ⣬Ƭ̣һΪвݴ--аȡ
˲ʱҲһԵյӸǰЦ˶ʲô֣
˲Щȷǲ֪ߵغŵɫˡ
˲ԥƳһۣԶЩ
˵գ̧ȥ
Ʋĵظ󣬡˶칬ײͣĲ㣬һخɽְܸλخҲܸ
خɽ˽Ųһ٣ʵ壿
ϲصͷԶԶԣɰķ壡
ת˭
硭
ƺ칬¶ݣȥĿڵǷߵһСŮǸһȥܿܶÿķˣ
ˣ֪
ʵһס죬ַ·ˣҪѰˡ
Ʋʵ:˵ʲô
˿Ҳȥ
Ϊʲôƴյø
ԶһʵۣԶЩ
ƣ
иԵˣϲ
վһԵϻĿ϶æ˸۾
˵˸ͷһǳɫСݡ
ǲǰһͣͨʯ
սսɲݣҧҧЦ۾Ҫʯ˵һǣһˡɲҲҲջȥգʵɷСˡ
ɫ͵ɲǰ˻ΣҪʮš

ǹϲŻΪʲôģ
ƴ̽һԴֵߵָҪʮš
۽ǳ˳顣
ȥʯĶʱƼ˴˻
˶㵽׽ʲôְ
һû
Ƥؼʵ۾۾Ǹʲô٣
ɲ˵
Ҽͷͦģô˵Ĺٶ󣿡
ڿΣ䵭͵֪
ƻ˵ʲô˹
ֻңǰУ۵һ±ӡ
ͷ㲻ǰɣƤ޹ˣ
ݺݵصһۡ
һԵ޶ԣл˶٣ֵǲɫ漴תʧԺС
Ŀת뿪ʱĳмҰһ죬̾жϲɫ
̾ͷʵ˵˭
һ۾
ף
ʲô
˵û¶ô
ǰһ֣ⲻҲƶô
һ۾Ҳȷóˣֻû뵽ǰûʲô
ƣ
ͻһͷƤ飬ʲô۶ӣ
°ͣһһҪջȥ
ɶ
㲻֪һģ˼һƨڻ̳ϣخɽСķˣҲ˵Ƿǧ˰ʮһûС˳
ָͷз٣Ůߣҵ۶ľ֪˼ҹؼޣҲöмлٿ۾ɣúÿǹ¼ҹһȫķܴοɶأٲҪһµġҽջȥֻˣֻ룬˵ķܴƣôؽˣ
ⷬ޳ܵĳƪۣˣֻһЬӺŶϡ
ڣߣСطסڡȥקͨʯҲˣͷһٶꣿ
ʲôѽֲ㣡
ûƳһۣװʯϵ䣬ƨɵҲգҾȻȥô˼Ǹ磬Ҳǿһȥҵûʲô
С죺˵úǸǿƵġ
֨֨һţң㾹Сң
ͷҲҡ
ˣͬһʶ
ƽ֨֨ڵϣתߣֺȻʲôͷˣ¯Ͳ
Դ⼸쵺Ͻϣ͵ܳģˣٽ˸
æ֣õĺõġ
뿪һѩ׵Ļ пӣܹߣ
뿪ãһȻȥɫӰǰһ㶡
һʯɻʵⶫã
βָϣתʶ֮ˡӹǿʯȥ֡
üûлرܡ
ʯãĵתʶӦܿһСӣСصд˵飬ٺ١
֪ˡ
бһֵۣҼǵģ
΢΢һ״ƲЦС½ɵˣ۾ΪĲͬһ첻Ҫˮ
Ϊβ
ͨؾصسϣʹʹһӡҲԣҲȣҲ̰ɫҲգβգ
ʯһ٣ȥ˼߹һˡ
ǰʱֻСһҪɡôȥһˣл֣üʱ֣ɵģˡ˵һЦСɴ˼ء
ף˵Ĳ
ΪƳһۣǺã⸱ģȴ̫Щ˷緶

һǱʲôù
ǿɫʯƬָ̣һûΪɫʧԭء
λ۾ϲɫǵ˷ħĵز
۾סĹ칬һľĽ䣬Ϊ幬
ǰ˰أҲ룬ʱԼ޵ǰ
幬ĻһļܣԶԶȥͬһ
һУ۵ȴǹǿ̵÷ͩ
ǿͩ޵ǰҲ֪ɻ˶֮꣬ԼĪʮ˺ϱ֦ҶïͥԺ
ǰβָǿʯž޴ͩ΢΢
أ
ͻأһʻתĿ⣬߳ˡ


4

̬һѩѣժԴֻӲӵڣҲš
ĺͣ۵ĵӣƽȤǾŰС¾ơ
ĺִһȣһչܼɫȹ뼫ᱡˮɫ棬һּ֣͡
ֻһۣҲشŲͩ
ĺһЦд̫ãο˵ô
գͷβָϵʯЦø˵ôһԲˣԭȥҪʯˣա
ųĬת̽ʯܿҵᵽ˵顣
һĿʮеؿˣԵķβָǰչһ޴Ĥ
Ĥһнɫ֣ǳơ
üǳƣ
λؽͣǸԼȡ
ͷֱ̧д۾
𷢹߶߶Ϊ㷢أĥһϼһѧûͦ뵱Ҳǹĵ˺üղŪסҸ˵ĺ֮ڴ˭Ҳ֪Է˭ǧԽдԸŰ
Ѿȷύһ٣ͷĺ͵ˣΪβ˵
ĺ΢㣬󱬳ЦŶӵûû£û˭Ϊ۾
ΪΣ
˭֪Ǹȱ۶ع
ʯʱ͵Щ๦ܼܶȡǳһһʯֻȡһǳơ
Ƶһʯ˶ʮ꣬˺û£ȡǳơ
سʱô꣬һţһתʶʵдǳƣһС¡
СѾͷֺǺǵػĽңʮʯײžʮö
ŵǲҪһǳԥ̫õġ
ſ콫æк
ƺƵظһʯ
ͷƣɽһƬɫΪ泤ͩһļԴ䷱ʢʮϲˡ
һɫ͸ˣ˳һڻƤֵ
˿̣ɽϷʮְҲƵС
ԽԽò̲ס૳ϵ½˽ҹɣ
Ϊ練ɣλüͣ£һ̽һ̽ǰƶȻǲ̵Ľ硣
ҿһҳǰɣ
ڽɺȻûаôҪ÷ɽϵǲֻʹЩ硣
ֻƲʹ
ԼƾԼķǲͬģΪһֻˡٵΨһһֻˡ
ǡٵءǡΨһͦ˲õĴʣϧЩ˲Ĵݡʱġᡪ
ζţʲô
ǸɣʲôûжνȻȫСû˭ҽǰ˵鴫خǴȥҲû˭ҽ
ƾãɽ£ʵڲݻҲֵ͵
˵Ҳ֣Ҳ¹κιɣҲܾһ١
ǧգ۰ҹｫ壬ɽ˭ҲûͬҲ֪
خߵһ壬ȴǸʲôȥﱾ̵ĵط𣬻з˪ڴ˴úڵ
ôطǳ䣬ÿ궬죬ɽȴܿһΪСɫ񣬳ʱΪ꣬òۣƬȴʥǡ
ֻ⾰˭õǽأܿǰ㾰ɣ඼ϡ
Ʊʱخĵһѩüʢ·ǰѩ
һҹҲ֪ΪΣһľ춯صƣϢ
ƶվ̳ϣ˽վԶ
ã۴Ӻãϵóεģ۵ռһϯܾãҹۿʢ˱
׽һ̣ԭ۾ȴδȵ֮еʹ࣬һը̻ĵ죬һɫױԼϷĺӡ˳ɫʵɢ
ҹ׽˶ٵֻǵ÷ͷظ̾һһ併ģҲǲ
Ʋ֪ԼӺζҲ֪жʱ֣ȴҲûаִ硣
ʯ̵ۣȻֲּ̣޷ɣ翹⣬ǿܵķҲ
ƾԼ⻨Ƕܾͣزˡ
ϵĺݣҲض᲻ܿࡣ
ţƱ˸ͷȻĵβָµʯ
ͨʯǧǰʱȥһѧĥʱķӣȤıǷǳΪĶ
칬Ժѭǵͨʯʯʯ֮ӷɹʹͨǧٿʯͨγһ硣
Թǣ½ǣ϶иͨĶżӣݵ䣬оݣܲʧͳ
ҶۣͦһйĿӣܿɽ硣
⹩ǲȥȡ˸֣̳
ܵҵһ³ޣֽۡϡ硱ָΪƽֱͣȡġָΪţʵںǷ˸߽ݵԸ񣻶̳ߣԲҲϢܶʼһԲ֡ɴ˿ɼν̳ʵ
ֻ֪ǳ˼ҷ˵Ĵ⡣ 
ǧС磬ÿСҲ˲Ϣ䣬ټͬƵʱƫƫײһ
Ƴ룬ڵɡ
µʯϤԺᳵ·ش̳ղ䣬ǰӾѾ֪񵽺δȥˡ
ƿ˵ӣ΢΢һ٣һͷӡ
Ϣ۾ˡۻȻΣݡ
ۿͷ۾˭
գ¥ûϹѧã۾ʶ
۰˼ۣݰˣ
µһҪŬ¥ҪúϢҪɽʥҩ
Ұ۰ְ֣ݴĲú
ױ¥ôô̳ʲôʱʵƣ
ۿͷݡͻСûѧõ͡
ճٷСʼ̳ˣʱǨ
ƣСôˣС
ΪݴҿĿ𣬲Ҫƫ˰
գǸ¥ͷǸСٹ̳ʶδȹ̣ʹʯأﲻ𣿻˵ʱһ̳Ĺأ¥˰졭
Ұ۰ְ֣¥²Ǹǡ
ױ¥˵̫ˣ¥𣿣

лҪ˵λɵ˼һ°Ȩѣлл

5

ݣƾЩЦӵʲôΪĪԭ¥
ԴĿġ۾ĸ֣仰¥
һС£۾ǿϲ½
ʱը˹
¥֪ʿ
ҥ
ҪȢ𣿣
ҾǷģôû
һͺܼٺ¥ϻһʵ۵ģǷˡ
һֻи߲֪ɣ۾ҪȢķˣ϶ͨķ˰
۾չ˰ɣΪʲôչţ
ΪĸΪǾ˭Ҳ֪ӦҲû˭֪
֮ȼգû֪ϰ

죬ýζȻβָ΢΢
ۻȻΣΪѡ
Ƹյͬ⣬Է㷢һϢ
ۻȻΣݹ̰˵˵ʲô
һЦ
һС£֪˭
ۻȻΣݷϻ˭˵ֻ
һС£ݺٺ٣ⲻǰ¥
ۻȻΣҡ֪۾ҲʯҪ˼ҿǺã
һС£ݿͿ£ֲҪ
ۻȻΣݡɲҪô
ͬʱԶ幬۾ĺ͵Ľ̵ѧ˿ǡɿƷһ¥
һԵĺ䲻ܿʶĤȴϿ˼ֲһ
ָڿл˼£ĺ֪̳ЩʲôæһԵػʯ鿴̳
۾صµ¥
۾ҵȷҪȢһֻˡ
۾ݼҲ޷
ĺͣʲôʱֱˣ
⣬Ƕҡ
ճٷݾȻǸºţǳǰûбע
۰˼ۣݸ߷³úÿ졭
ۻȻΣݡ
Ůˣ׽ס¥
һС£ݿٷ֤˰ɣ˵ҥԾ
գǸ۾СµСŰɣ
ۿۣʯôпСŵģĽ
۶ӦЦңǰǰȥʯʱûܸϣֵ˼ŵһţ֪ʯǷЩģҪƸ֣ŻʤΡ
һµˢ̳һӦ˽ģͷӾѵطš۾Ƿ۾ȻƳһϢ
ۻȻΣĸ˵أ
롪
һС£һһʯȷʵͦģʹ
ۻȻΣݹ
Ĥ·ŭ
ƣ
Ŀĵˢһ̳ƺȻƣۣ֪ģǰԼϵĺʱЩĪƣⶡ㲻ʲδϡ
ԭǳĵúܣ仯ĵòˣʹʯҲЩЩԵʣǶϿʯӣȥûûεغС
Ϧµʱ򣬴ķЯһ˿⣬ƲתȥԼ֪ı˯˹ȥ
ʱѾԼʵĴϣۿ̽ͷ֡һɫõĸףտȴЩ԰ס
սսڲԶԱվϲÿķۡ
ˣߵɣЩգѾˣоΣ
ӣû£еˡ
ãظЦȥԸ
һˣȻˣȥЪŰɣ½ȥ
Ťͷϵֿǰףסߵ֣еҲ𣿡
ڻãһʷüһϸ˼֡
˶㻹ʣ
һãȻżһ
ߣ˵գ˽罫棬ܷ𣿡תͷƣû¶ǷЩ硣
һڵУһԶǴ׶˵һֻмŮ±ɷƫƫù
һһҭںʲȥҲҷйֻһ˦Աŭߵſڶ˶٣վǰȥ߷εҴˣòã
˵գ̧ͷʹ˸ɫǰȥԸ
Ʋһ֣Ƶ㻻ѱ㡣
Сһֱ޾Ȳκ񷨣Ҳûо𳤵ʶº·ȫƾһʱϲã˵Ҳ첻µز£ʲôĻ¶˸š
ǧ˰ʮһΨû˵ĻԼһͳҲûʱ˵ŮճദģʽǶ
ΨΣƲ뼧һ졣
һٵϣһαǽա
ô벻ףĻҲûһҲǵһݵһ˦Żƽɽ²ƴûмɵ
ףΪƫƫգе¡
ĪأûɵأԴĵĺ¡
ƴ̥类ϳһ̲࣬ĳǵ治Լʲôʶø˵Щʲô
ǷƸ˫һ·ڴŻϾһ֣ޱȵҴˣԲ𡣡
ؿɼⱲģʱ
һ˲סˣķɿؼԼɫǲ̫Щ˵ǲ̫Щ̬ǲ̫䵭ЩСֺ˵Բ֣
ߺЦŸŮ˼һĲȽݡ
һȻظɿƮƮſڵСˣֽͷŪˣ
һ˵ƱϵˣûƤûտɲһ۸
Ŷ˭һˣ˵
ƣ۾
һͻȻ̡
ɵˣƻצ׵ǰһΡ
һ죬ðʳһ䣺ˣ
ˣ߯ÿǹޣǡһô죿
һҡҡͷֵͷԥһ󣬵ǹʽ
ƣ˼Һò׳أ㲻ȥ
ݷáҪǰȥݷһģٹЩʱհա
˵Դظٵȵȡ
һѵ飬ƱһĵݣȻԼǷһֻ¯ӣйɽ¶Ҳûüͼһ
̧Ҫţżѹúܵ͵Ŀԡߵ
绬棬ӽ״̵һ
Щ㱵룬Ϲ壬ҲȾ纮
ɫɽסɵڴε͵ƣųȲŲæߣ;һŴ׵ĵƹ͸ӡϡ
ͩҶ죬ҹŻһꡣ
Ųһֵֹûӣ


6

ͨʯ䲻ۣȴҲԹʹѵһǽʹ߳ķʯϤ
⣬ȽӴʹͨʯģˣûʲô裬ȴͶȡɡһʵʮ죬һʹʯʱҲʮղֻա
ĺͷһδϢʱãһһɡԭΪƵ¼ܵˣֱ۾׼ȷ˵̳ǳơõʯա
ʯʶ֮ϵѰ룬߳㹻ǿ֮⣬ʮ˽ʯ
һ˭̳еϢȡôλҲɢԶˡ
˿̣ĺͱڼɢĿ־ɪɪ
һ̳ƪʱӣ
ۣ۾Ҫ޵ľֻˣˡСݣݡ
СݣӻԾԣۣܾ
գݷδĴƷ䲻۵λֻλСＧ˰գ
Ůˣⶼʲô˻ŵأοԵ۾ĵλںӵĳ
ۿͬ¥ϣ۾Ȣޣض氮
۰˼ۣݶˣȢҡ
ۻȻΣݼֻħ۾ôܿ
Ϊݻ첻ҲᣬＧҲСɡ
һС£ΪʲôֻһֻһȺ
ױ죡ҿʲôھˣ
Сݣݡ¥λС£ϴˣĽ
Ůˣݿؿζҵ˼Ѿܿˡ
ճٷԣһȺȷ
۶ӦЦңݵ۾

ķչѾȫƫǿʼ׷۾
۾ΪϢϹŶԭδ˵ʲôĺЦʱ沿ҲԼµЩʲô
ǵ۾һŭ֮£ء̳ˡ
ĺ͸ҳ棬ȻһƬգɵƵѵҵʯô
ޱ鿴ӦЦң
ĺһ顪̳ǳơ
ͷʣ㡢ô֪ģҵʶ
Һ
ҡҾһ˵
ĺ;ԼͣˣŲԵҲûԹ
۾ɫࡣ
ҡǣҡ㡭ĺһѶ·𰵵ЩſǻǲǿҪɢ˰
ĤĺæסȥĶ
شĺ͵ˤŵһ졣
Уæµűʴÿӿݵľɵ¯Ļϲز²¯ӵģ
Ŵգȵ󺹲ֹȻһ󾱣ŵæƽҲ̹ȥ
۾ƮƮס档
ˣæսֵ̿ͷ֪ǵ۾ã
ףȥ˵
Ժվżɽǰ˵˵Ϊβܣ

ǲܣܡ
ͷʺţ˵ʲô
۾Ȼģһ˫۾ûװӰӣȻҲʲô⡣
ӽ̳򣬱ˡ
˵ҲûӦգ۱ûӰ
ʯ֮ͨ뷲ǵĶվͬһ㲻ָЩ̳ϵֻɷԼɾģһ޷ơ
ɷ۾Ƿ˵Ǹ鿴̳
һƬհס
һʱţԼҪô۾ˣҪôӻˡ
ѵ۵ӣҪڽߵͷô
һ˲䣬˼ʱѧЩۻԺӹ
Ա۲ٿߣһá
ʲô壡
Լ幬ĺеλƽɵʲô¶ĵĹӸ磬˴εȷǱŵúˡ
ĸŮڶʱмǸܳ裬۾УĺͲƫаģڵλ߸ܳĶܳһԼôӡ
ĺ͵ô⣬ΪҵĲӣʹɲ١
ǸͲסįӣСϲ幬˻죬Ŷ񶾵ϴ꣬һŵǹĺƤ˭ͬһ㣬Բúܡ
ֻԸͷ
ĺţĵ°ͣ硭
һ񺮡
ĺͣ˼Ĳ
üë˶ǰ˵ɢĸʱɷ׵ʯͷһ˿ð⣬οǧ꣬ϣܶԼȷʶ
ÿ̫ˣĺ˿ںĶǾĻϲ
ǧѷ꣬ĺ͹ȵطУ۾Ǵһ۱³С˵ǳơ
Ҳǲµġ

ĺͳ׸㲻ˣô֪ģǿ̳Ӳ³㡭
վǰΪβ֪
ȷҵʶδңĺ;Լ챻հ˵ʽˣôĸõ
ҡ
ĺס
ȼյĹâչһֱ֣ӱеۣһ͵ƶкĵ֣ڵһյȴֻǹͺͺš
۵ĵƹϣսͫס
˫ͫתԭǺɫͬҹհ
ҵˣĺ򣬡ֻ롪ֻˣ˵롣
˵Ϊصһ壬Ϊֻһֻ۾
ĺʶ꣬ȴδԪԼҲӲἰ˽ǰһΡˣĺƽѵݡ
ֱҹĺͿͫףȻżϹļ¼ۣͫ롣
Ǿ䡰ˡƺΪ۴򶷣һ岢塣
ĺ˳һ̨ף˵öԣǲˣֻǲԸˡ
ԼŵȷЩ˿Ҳ֪Ӧ𣬱㿪ڵȥա
ɫȷʱȥˡ
ĺ͵ͷճصѾ֪ˣȥᶨټ칬أǲԸǵǰ˵á
üЩϲ
ĺͣǽ֡
س̵·ϣȻȻأĺ˶ǰһաĺ͵һοɫͫףɽ磬ⱻΪԪ
иߵǻΪʱǲ¶ԪģֻееͣˣŻԼ¶Ԫص㣬˼ʱ᳹׻ΪԪ
ǰգĺɫƬ
ڳ׻ΪԪ֮ǰԼؽһأǽꡣ
ĺÿնᵽ幬ϼʱĺϣĵȴĺʱỳǲ档
ڳ˹ء
ĺؼǵãʱ۾Ǻɫ̳¶ķ
뵽ĸ̥ĺ̲סͷ꣺ѽѽ˻ûȫ͸ųأҲ֪ż˭Ӵ


7

ھԼϱһļҵɱŵһźλڡү̳չѻë飿
Ҳʹ˯һȻ
ðűƽ׷ɱķȥʯȻҪ̳˷ָȱ£
ӻûأ
Ҫ֪˭ɵĺ£ëİë۵Ĺۣ
۾׼вΡΡŵһֻ棬ҧгݵؽзȥ
ʧ֮ۡ
ڰһӣ۷󻹵ء
ձôһͨһձԽ˷ɽĽϣ˭֪һ칬ʹá
칬飬ǲôȤģȥ칬ɶ˼ӣƸϲ̳ϿǺ٩
һ뵽ЩǰŻ¹ڳػУת۱̳²ۣƾ;ض
ߴƳ磬һҲһֻ۱һֻۣЩϵ´ССɾۻᣬƴȥ
˴Щͬ
칬ʹԣ˴Ϊ˹۾أ죬յɶ
칬˵һ߳ƴͷβȥˡ۾ĸ֣±ҪȥһĻģԹյ۾汾忪֦ɢҶ¶
һ֪صϢЩʱǰȥݻᣬû뵽ͻȻһû뵽ƾȻҲȥ
ʹһߣһ̲ס㲻Щôתԣ
뼧һһۣĿǵǡ
Ҫ¶ءӣ²ȥ칬ʱ۾òػдƷǵϲõǰȥ˵˵ý׼÷ɽֻСˣҲǰһ׮¡
СղŲܲ˷ɽĽϣȴԲѵҪзܴ£һ÷Ц㵹ͦƽ⡣
һתΪͬ飬۾һ˵ǣǺ޲һԼ
ߣΪʲôҪԼȢֻ˺ܶ𣡡
ԼŮǸµģ߾ʮο뼧һһŮС񣬼仰ƴȥ
ʱǰδ˯ѣ㱻۽ȥ̫΢Ȳ衣
ⲻһ׵ĺѡ
ĺʱѣۿʱˣڣȴվȣ
۾չؽ꣬˴γʵӦôһѡ˼գ㿴һã
æܾҳزʲô£˴Ҳʦڡ
۾ˣӶȻϲЩ飬ǱˣʮΣ
ҡ
ʱصĻòˣҿصͶأĹѾ׼ˣһ˸ȥͷɽ϶ˣѰ벻˴μΪ㣬һʱҶҪɱϼ̡
˵ϲһֻߴߴĶȸ
һ޲϶λ졣
٩٩̸֮䣬Ѿ˼ʹȥûĻᡣ
һȵü˵ףȸŷ·߻һƵģЦ۾ķǡɱһ̣
ɱͷ
鵽زѾת͸˰ģʵڲٶȸĥ
վӲҳزã幬ţۼʲô飬ұһˡ
ǼͷЦа֣ȥȥɡ
ʱ磬˯δɢŲ幬ȥ
칬˲澣ಢ֪ģֻһʵҫۣǵ˷׷פ͵ѵʮӡ
幬칬ڽΪƧһش̫΢幬֮䣬ƽҲ˭ֻúÿۻ֮żôԵ֡
վʮʮ죬۷˻칬ְصǿʼæµⲻҪزã룬ĵʻ
صƵߵأѰһ徲˭֪ײ֣Կۣһ뵽˵صĻúãЩ᲻ߡ
͸ϹʥΨ֮أܹʢ
ҲѲڣʮ֮ڣΨʢŽһ칬أһخɽ̶
ΪչǿȲͬصĽɫ̶Ҫ嵭Щɫǳâȴҫۡ
ڵĻ룬ֻһȦȦɫҶȴۼؿһƴСҶ±ߣ¶һǣϷСĺͯؿޱӡ
ߵر߸ƬҶǶһѣֵسм󲿶ȥ
ܹͬҡ
ֱ˦˦ָմϵˮ飬˶ʱڴŻῪڵ۾˴Ƕ˻кηԸ𣿡
ҪҡͷȻʲôʵخɽлظ
ʹѴ˻š͵͵̧ͷһλĵ۾Сֺõ۾Ȼǲһģ˵˴λӲ¶СＧҲҪǰء
ƣüͷȻؽ˽Ƿĵڼӣ
󡭡һֱֻһλСＧ
ˣĬΣȻ͵͵ءصһһ֣ơ
澾Ī֣ͨͨʲôֵ÷߶ġ
ص幬ȫ칬ͷȻѾͩԣȫÿһλҪЦ׼һӰӣλɾЦ幬ص
ÿÿҪٰʲôۻᣬΪȾƣȴҸͷ
һϵɣ˸ӣʱҪһ㱻һȦóﰵԹĺ;Լǲֻһʵ׮Ц
ò˵ĺ֮Գ裬Լġ
ĲŲñҪˣЦһЦһЦɢЩҲʩһλϹ۵Ĺ
յõϢ۾ʮãڿҲõףԸ
ĺһۿԵʲôˣ
һ˥֪ǻմȾ
ʲô£Ѳɻ׳ɹˣĺںخķ򶼲Ҷ࿴һۣм
ƲӬһֻ˥񣬾Ҳĳң
ĺͣ
ģҵǣ֣ΪƴһջΪůΪµô
ĺ޿̣ɵ˰ɣصҲʮʱˣ֪Լʲô𣿡
ȱˮ»
ĳβͼ죬ƣơ


8

̳½½˿˵յ칬󿪵ͱױ࣬ŮǶʮֻ䵱δ
ö˶һ䣬״ᡣ
һҪݺһȺŮŮ˴ûʲôеΪҲⳡ״ͦġ
Ƶ⣬һԭֻ˾Цû뵽Щ찰ǰخɽĴƷޣģ档
һԿۡ
˯ʱԼҷҧ䱧Թδ߷һ٣
㵱۾ìܣֺˣʲôҲ֪ҿϹæһأ 
һҴˣ۾һͽ⣬ȡС졢СѾͷ˽ࡣ
ƣͽ⣿
һϴϴ۾ϴô
ʮյʱ˵գۣٽʱк߰˸Լһ֦չδ𱡣
һԿ÷ЦòײŽȰȥѡ
ƽʮ⣬ֻҪòƬҲЩ׸ΣǴ˴һʽǰԼ⣬Ҳȥ
ѵɫһֺÿĺɫƾԼëɫʮֽӽȴַ·Щ
ƴ˿̲ŻԼƺδɫ
ģʮֺÿҲ⣬ϣ֪ΪܾЩ͸ 
ɽܽеóŵĲ٣칬ʱҲÿһλ͵˴ҲͬСƴһ·
һúȺһ·ʵڲ棬ԶԶš
ǰŽصĹΪۡһ˰ûסʵСѾͷģ
Ƴһۣôÿ
һǵǣɫ
ƣɫôˣǱɫʮûбÿɫˡ
Ҳû˵䣬㿪ʼһȻԼ߯Ҳ֪һôڼǸūؼūŵĸԸ
һ˺ƺƵ칬Ƶһţ̾ȷʵɵö࣬Ƚֱ깷ġ
ƾԺҲǹƨˡ
칬ɶ࣬һʮ֣Ϊ֡·ɴû̵شȥƾ칬Ҳǰˡ
ǰأһ·ϲһżȻͷʱĵ·ƽʶǸ
ķϣ䵭룬ڼгùѪͷףׯº͡
ƴ˿ر뷢²Էˡ
صڴһ籮˽Ӳӵġء֣˽籮û߼ܿһ޴İ˱εĳӣ뿪˽ɫʹӶĽɫԡ
Ƴһܰ˰ʣѾǴƮݵķȹź򣬿νɫ㡣
ŷȹ߱Ͳ㣬һǻѹĵ׶ʱ˿ͷ̲ס칬ô̶ôࣿ
һ˼÷ʢȻҲúãӴЩȻô
Ҫжжᣬ͵͵ڼһһѣüһ졣
뵽̶ֻùĿЩζתߵףƲ£ӽϵҪֻСˣҲˡ
һδü˵㱻һͷһҪ츲ˣˣ
ͷԼϵ磬Դϵѹ˵仰ۡ
ЯѾλˣԱϯԿšһȥȥϯλԼˡ
۾δ۱ڳһλ˵Цһ໥
֮󣬼һ׵𣬶δ񣿡
ɫҲƱһǻ
ŤͷԼһЦôȥͷӣҿӾ
һЩ꣬ϵǧ꣬Ҳֻδаֱ仯ˡ
Сλ뼸λ۾ЩԶˣԼϵƤͷͷ˵Щʲôֻһף㲻ɵô
λɺÿȻǼÿģʹЩΧ˵ЦֻţһƽһƵغȡ
ǲڿŲ΢΢һ٣ԹԵ˾ơ
칬˵ʶıŵ콫ˣ˿˰ҲûںδΧλͬûʲôģһƵ÷ţժԴϵΣ͵͵ܳء
Ҳţȥ̽̽λС˶
۾סѣûʲôҵ幬
幬ǰ콫أŻ˨һɫӣβһֻС
ûȥֻСһתԱߵĹǽûʲôС󶼲ʲôʡĵĻɫºڣǽʲô
ǽڽűһĻƽŲմصϱQҲһ·幬ӦʱѾΨһһͩϡ
ͩµʯԣλӸ壬һλŰѣװģҡȣһλһ죬ƿѰҵ۾
ŵʵҲûʲôر뷨ֻǲˣӻδתѾһˡħаʲôģ˼֮ľ
˿˼լԺˣٲҪʲôڸ˼ҽ͡ǱλɣƵҲôԽǰλҪؼүĹˡ
һμʱһͷɢţյǹؾһ֧
˺ȵ򻨲裬һյлһһ𣬴ҲŲ˲
ջ֣Ƴһ۲յȻ롣
ĺҪѯʣá顱һһŻϣӷɽĺ۽ǣ۵æס۾վָǶСӴ⣡
СӴһŻ̧ͷ¶һЦݣԲסҲǹġ
ͷضŽų˳ȹӣֹ׸ǵĻ߽ǧ꣬Ȼһȹ
ĺ۾ڿ˵ԭǸСһǻŭʱ߰˰ˣһʵļҵĹʲô֣
һǹԷСģȻҲ١
˶˸خ۵ĶŮƣǰǡת泯ְ˰ݣݷ۾ġ


9

ĺŮ֣Ѿ˴ͣ͵ʱЩѵĺɫԼһģһ
СѾͷһҽѾľȫģ˿˶޴𸴣Щָ㣬ǲ֪ҽˣ
ؿ֮ǰѼ㡣
ĺͣ
ѽû뵽㻹ǵңһİƣҡͷԱƵĵһҶԵ۾òǳ˼ĺصǰݷãԵ۾˵ҵ뻹۾Ը⣬絽خСסһʱգ
һЦֻӣ߳סҲУ
ĺͻعⷬϷسüŪۡ
ؽְؿڣ·ֹܰࡣͷסɫЦһʵȷҪȥخСס
Ƽ¶ϷսǰͷǴһֳ㣬ҪҿСҾҵ㡣
á
㻹Ҫҵ밡ȥǸʲôأҵھǶء˵Ʊȥ䡣
ĺ͹Щ˵͵λͣǴӦˡ
ϴμʱλ۾Ĳˣôһξô˵Щȷس䣬Сȥ۾ʵӦ𣿡
ɬüۣðҲ񣬿ԼʱַǸ
Լǻƽˣε̾һʳָĽƿЩڻʰЩ㲻Ҫܡ
ôÿһ仰ڵϣЩգ˼ʲô͸ôʲôÿλشô߹հƵģҪȥ𣿡
㲻Ҳô
ǲһѵ࣬ʱľֻǸȷеĿ϶Ĵ𰸣㲻˵ôȷеؿ϶֪뷨أ 
һģһǸ
һЦƣתݡ
ŵͷǸָͷ·Щ̧̣һֻֻĦһСƬ
ǲƣֻʵлң֪α˵ٲ侲Ƭ̣Ҫը
Ƕţ٣ߵһʯʡ
ĺͬеƼ򣬡óˣϰ߱á
ʱһֻƴңһһ߽ϵ䣬ͬԴһһߵĺҲŻֵա
ĺͺ֪ʶԼǸĴڣ˸ߡ
幬Ĳ칬𴦶ͬʱδϸʱһ׮£㿪ʼĴεʲô档
ȥѧãϿΣƴȥƤȴܹ꽲ҩʱĻ˵⻨ʮֺÿóѧǿһֱ⻨ģ
ռôخĻȻԼ֪ĻкιЧһõģװЩȥżʲôó
ѡһúܴĻ¼𻨰
һͷСѾͷټòײ¿ССıӰ
棬Χмֻδ͵Сȥţǰվ󣬱㽫ֻСŵĴӴܡ
ܹɵͬҵĴСҲͬԽ󣬴Ҳ
ƽﲻҪװʲôЯֻֻװСװµĶ࣬ûñ㽫ԼװģװˣŻȻԼͬ顣

æʱûվȣƾһֱֱȥ
ڱǼ価Ļ㡣
ƻͷ۾ڵɫʣ棬ޱ޾خƬȴ
˫۾ڿȴַ·𲻽
̵ģˤһӣлˣ
ƽ뿪Ļ˵Ȼš
Щ˫۲󣬰һйĹĵңʵСѾͷΪβȥժϵĻҲ֪ǶõģȲʣҲɾ
仰˵꣬һɲ
룬ǷǰаᣬܽСѾͷϡ
ϵĻúúõģҾͲȥˡƵء˻ңѡĸָɾϵĻ
ƽûûΣɱħնδһ˿üͷЩССݣȴֱ˭ϧ
ЩΣҪһͷֺȻԼǰЩӲĺʹţ㽫̧ȥֻȥ䣬׽סһָ⡣
ůͷһʶ
ĴҲټһҸдʣ֮ǰɿ
Լǵλ۾ˣǰӦַڣˬصͷУ
ϸ룬Ⱳƺδ˭ǣ֣ͬԴĵ˵׹δǣ֡
ЩŤزС
ҲΪĺů
ιָողͣ㲻ô
ݸϸЩӡ
ֻСϸ壬ֵر߬ģԼǻڵʮֻϲرQĵҲ΢΢ȡ
ʼһһػ𷽲ƳֵĻ棬޲ܽÿһϸ΢鶼Ժ
˼Ȼֿڵ´һúýס㡣
˰β˵ǰͩˤ£û£Ƥˤ
Ѿ۵³Ժ˭Ҳû˹δֱߵǰҲŷ׷׷ʳس˵ſ׻
Ƴôûע⣬͵͵Լλã;˳ԼϵǶûİ̶⡣
Щֱ治Ŀ׻һ˫Ŀȴճϡ
˵òˣվ˵˼䡣Щȸˣ糺죬Ҳֻ˵˸һԵûš
ûʲô飬ȴǿ
Ӧ˲ǣл˵ϻ
ʱɫЩɶƵҲ
ΪԼһƣƾһճأδüǰȥݻʦ𣬻ʦ嶡
֣ճزԶУʦ㣬ʦͽɡ
Ӧһ¾Ʊ׵λˡ
ҷһ߶߶͵̶СӣⱻһںסĪؿԼҷˣȴ˳ķʹ˸ɫ
Ӵ
һԼñĥ
߼һžƱ뿪λ̸ãһֱɫѵ˵ϸˣҲûаֲõ˼ڷ
ãһƵػλæѯʣһ̾˿۾˵һаţǲزġ
˵ʲôˣ
˵ʱҪ¸СѾͷ
˼һ׵Ǳ۾İա
һǰ˭֪µģôͷĵذԼŮһˣ
ˣһЦǸˣѲɻܷ㣿
һˣ


10

һԼҲ˵ǸʲôĴڡ
Ʋûа٣ΪһûаֶԲƵĵطҵĸףҲûмܱŮġ
ìܵ飬һΪġ
ߣʼδìܡȲ֣Ҳ¡
֮󣬼һлخԭ˵Ҫòʡ£СƵߡ
Ҫɣ±ŸӣЯһȺݺݺš
ԹѵͬˮҲϲûʲôζİˮһһֻֽˣǳһڣԶƣʵѾͷ
ͷ
ؿãСѾͷڵһյĹ򣬱ͬƨһĴҴܡ
˵ʱüɫ裬ûһͣĲλʵ߼ľγԱȡ
ƲЦͷ˵չʱΪʦһСͽܣǰ͵ȥΪɲಫЩ޷죬ղ𣬿ɲ
˼Ƭ̣ҡͷȻһӲΣ飬ǡ˶٣ԣҪ
̾˿˵ҲԣСͽȷ޷Ტۡ
̸ЩɽȤ£ǡĲɶʱҲ
ԶһֱйעߵĶ򣬿˳ƣæյ˼ǰƵסǡ
Լֱֻͬ䶼ŵýӲ
Ʊһ⣬ſھʣղǸ˭ʲôϵ
ǳҵʦСġ
μʱλ۾ȫ¶ĵУһͰһѪ죬ÿƤʵܲˡ
ɽգ˵ÿһ仰·´磬ůĿ
ϧƲǸĵģůԣ᲻ʲô
ƣʦҾͲ²ˡ
ʲô
ղϿңƲؿߣһ̹
ػһϲþû˿仯ǰ𲻶ԸʲôǵãȴȻˡ
ʧЦǼÿ࿴ۡ
ƣǾԭˣ
칬خ˵˵ԶԶģϰҲǿܵģԭʮĸ··ֻƶ
ǰȺ۾ô£
澣
˻һǰḺ́ɫ
ƽĵĶʲôѽⶼǷÿĹҸܽܣ
ܣһһΪҪʶǣ
ƣ㵽خԺ󣬴ҾͶǰʶʶ
㷽Ż˵ҳ˼ĺ룬ȴҪҽܸˣ
ĺߣĻлЩ΢㣬¾ƣԺ˰벽ס
һǲϲģնදأ̫ÿԵʣʲô
Щ
ҡȷʵ˼ĺš
׼õĸӶѾˣ˿Ҳ಻ȥ룬Ȣֻĸˡ
ѿڶȢ㲻ô
Կﲻ˼󻵴޷ԤϺ˵仰ҧԼͷ
һΪžƺȵ̫Щ
ʼﰵÿһǰƵɡ
Ƶɴ۾ӦһͻȻ֣һСȣŭɫߣå|󡣡ҲǧˣȢӣҪƤ
åһҪڣǰŻɿʧһֻѩ׵ľβգżֻɫǳһĺ
ë˰ɫֻ༸ֻϵɫǵͷβкг߲ɫβ״ƿȸβкʹȦɢҫ۵ĹâβȿȸĸΪֳҲΪѸķڿҷҷƮҡ
칬кЩɴδԪǼģҲѵͬʱĿôֻ
⾳׳һʱ֮䣬칬У׷׽³űϲ֮顣
Ψûаϲ
ĺͲ֪ͻȻĶּشһףδϱԪôÿôɵˣ
ѵõûľȻʵΪǰ𣿡
𣿡ĺһͷˮĶа𣿡
ͷѿ߽ʣֻ˵ĲӰ·һŻƣֵҲɢˡ
ĺһǸһ֪Ļɫͬеľҷûʲôý֪ױĺʹҵͷ
һһΣ׹ʧǵʶûʲôȥخˡ
ҲǾͲȥֻôͷ۰Ͱ͵ȥûûƤ|󡡣
ң૵ôǧأ
ĺΪںԼ˵ϵػش𣺡Ҳ֪
칬ŵ۾ɫԼǴʲôԣ¿ˮ̵ʵǱСＧƲôҿСＧԭ飬Ѳˣ
ƳһۣͻȻֻ˵ĲӬʵۣЩͷ㼸ֵܶԼˣô㻹ǰ
ĺһ޹Ķֵܣ
ͬߣȥۣиƤҩƵĶӡ
ڶɵӡλº͵ĵ۾خλϵķ۱ȽְڹʱЩ˴ŵСϱۣһֺǺǵزƽϣ΢С𷣱ˡ
ڶԴʱȴָȥͨΣն񣬶ǸҲò׵һ̽಻ʱ䡣
ǰǿ۰ĴΪִЩһΪΨһܳƵϡػֵ飬ǿ˰յѪȴҲͣ۹⣬ϰΪִ粽˺üꡣ
ĺ;Լʵܲ۰÷ǳңڡ
˵ĺͷǻ̫΢ķȥæתעΪʲôֻǧ꣬ȥخʷ󲻾֪ô֪οخҪ⵺ûʲôôܰ̽Ϣ
̽Ϣңһвôָô׵ģҷŲˣ˭ϸţ
ĺͣץصвУ
˵ˡ
ĺˣѹǲȥخԼײǹˡ


11

һЦѾӿڣӲĺקضǰСһȥԼ׵״ӣ۳ԼӰɡ
βָϵͨѶʯǡô£ĺɴһƣ쵽ǰŪػ˻ΣüŪ۵ͨʯʲô
ϱ
ĺͽջҲż̸ڴˣȻ㲻ȥخʽӽ
̧֣βָɫʯɢӯӯԡ
ȡǿʯģָһʯɫԭȭ̯ʱʯѾһСҽƮɢڿ
ĺܼͣ
Ͱ͵ñֱˣ
ȡһµͨʯ˶٣ʯΪɫβָϡ
ĺЦӴ۾ǻζ˰
ûĤǳƣҪ֪Ƶǳơ
ĺһ׵۾ҪʲôæһС¡
ÿϵ
ĺͣʲôôɧδϱǳƣҺòײŴ˳ģ
üĵС¡Ǹʲôܺŵ˼
ʲô˼ܺˡ
Ŀĳ۾ĿΪ̣ĺеᵽʲôɫѡ
Ȼѡ̶ܴԷ⡣
ææµµĺͺȻʲôʵ˵ദʱ٣Ϊû統̽һ̽̽ǳƣ
̽ʶЩգ²С
ĺͣŶ
ɫѵϣҲʵ޻˵
ύ˼ӡһС¡ѵ룬һʱδõظĺͱذ
ĺͣ˵ΪβȥخأЩ£ǸҲ޷գ
һУһ˽ģͬ⡣ĵ̾˿һδҪӦ֪
ĺ͸ɻ󣬡ΪʲôҪѲ˵㲻Ҫ
صͷ
ĺͣΪ˾ЩԪҲ˲գ
Ҳǵһʶʲôӣ㻹֪ô
ʲôӡûû޷ô
治Ůʲôֵϲģꡣ
ĺͣҪ˵ĺδ޷ݣֺαؽԼŵ˱΢
⡣
칬뿪󲻵һʱƱѾɱڵسخڣɵһΡ
վڵϲǰŵֻ͵ƣֻһŰɫӰǰһһŭɶ
λĹһֵ̿ڴ۵Сۡ
ڴӵλ˺ãСʵС˭أ
λ׷ҡͷʾ¶ǲ˵
̾˿˸Ҿû¶ڷҲһΣգҲˣ붼ȥЪϢɣ¶Իȥ۷ġ
˼λ²ϵӣؼ͵
ԼλÿһηƢĶܴ󣬵ƢҲûʲôģһȥ鷳ٹһδţȥ֪ͨ۷Ҳ١
һݱ˱Դ泶ͷߺߵָå
òͷȭһˣűͷ̱ǻһҪѲƤúÿ˲𰡣úÿҾִݻߺߡ
ڲͷ͵ƣƽСôõĨƿţתȥһѾͷͷ˯㡣
٣ãġ
һӣ˳ȥСѾͷ֪ʲôʱ򣬵ȥţҪŶ
幬ڵĵ۾ĺµĲɣ۰Ͱ͵ŵСѾһͷӡ
ĺͼͣβָʯЦεؽָӻӣյһڣӻͳǰȣװģ¡
ͷҲ̧ƨš
ĺɷнµҡҡͷϵ˵㣬ûΪ꣬ȴһֱϴӦ㣿
ԥƬ̣ʵΪΣ
ΪƤ̫ĺͻ˸ˣڳһ̸ģ֣һʮ֮ڶƵǼ˭λַһҲ˵꣬ʶ飬Ҳûм֪գ׷ŮЩ٣˼ϲԲԣ˼ֲڵģǵװ˵ɡ
ףұչصЩʱʡ˵ЩҲʶ˵Ҳֱࡣ
ĺ񳿻ʯʣ̲ס²ֻҸǰֱף
ҽձ˰ס
ľͷ׮ӻףĺͲ˵ʲôˣ
˵Ȣ
ĺͣ
ǰ޲ý˵Լųһţһ꣬ʱȴһؽóҲĺͲ֪飬űҪԼʶһľˡ
ĺͺɸֵطбס
ü⻹бô
ĺͣˣå
å־׼ޱȵشʹסҪĺʬεĳ嶯ҧгݵкָ̣
Сﶼɬġ˵Ǹ⡪̻ҪߵģĽн㺣ˣˮɵر⡣
ʲô㺣Ҵʱ˿̻㽲ϻ
Լ̫ãĺͲŵıԣŻʵʵԼôһˮˣԭҲǸǹӵģһָѧʲô
ĺͣҺôҲܣ֪мô
ҲԼ˵ôһ󴮶·ͬѼýϵӷңߣһһ߶ľͷ׮ȥ׷ʮ꣬ӻֵÿЦء
һ˯úܳڶѾȫȻյĲ죬ڻδǰ𴲣عűӿڴͷ̳
ջʯβָ㴫һЩشĤһϢ
[Ŵѩ ]Ϊѡ
Ʒ࣬ѵĲĻظҲһʹ졣
ͬ󣬶Է̷һĤĤβָƵĶͣ
ƣ
බ÷βָ˻ŻظԷϢ
[һС]뽲
[Ŵѩ]Ǹ
[һС]
[һС]ûɣû¶Ϥͺã
幬ڣҲδڴͷƷϢ
룬ʲôأЩϢʱ飬Ǵ˵Ļָ
ţԺȫǰģڵģ
ԼҪħˣΪֻǼдĤϵ֣Ҳһģȴ˻أ


12

ԷûٻϢƴˢˢ̳յȥδüһ֣βָһ
[Ȼ]𾴵С£֮ǰŵҵ¯ӡǷ񻹼ǵã
һĴȣô¶ˣ
Ǹå
һֱæżƻյخ罫¯Ժ󡪡һĿƺͷһоЩΡ
[һС]ţһ͸
ϢƷ˸һµѻδܡ
ʮڣۼһΪİŮ¯ӡƽ˴Ϊ۾ķ֮£ٺźŮһȥרĵؽ¯ӡ
õ¯Ҳõ¯⼸ʮİרһһּҲСżרǰ򣬵һ¯Ӵֻ
ʮ֮ڣ뼧һλ۵λƽģΨۣܹܼһɣйͻǵ¸صɣƩ䲻սµӱ鲼ɽĳƩιɵĻʥ
һܹ˻ʥֻ¯ӣһڻʥʮϣڵڶΣ˵Щϵ
ʱ΢Ǽ꼸ֻǵһϳӵѪһ⣬ҽΪ߳ԶڱطȵĻʥˡ
ҽʱ߲ܣȡҲܳеһëǴӲȡ
֮꣬ʱֻջ˯۷㱧Żδܻ԰ݷãʱһƽҲ᲻һµ¯ӡ
ϧʱδ£Ҳ˵һ¯£Լڻطס˶ʮ꣬Ҳǲǵõġ
ֻԼϵϲؽ¯ӣһ㲻ᵽǴȥ£Ҳۼһõ¯ȫٵб㲻¯ϡһֻ͸飬ӦûʲôҪġ
ʱɫ磬һһµ񣬵˰ʱ䵽ؽ
ƴؽаڷŵ¯ԼĪٶֻô¯ӣϵԼǲж٣һҲá
һ󣬱˸ŷһһٵͨһ׵úܡ
ֻССңռĻ껹δüóҲûиңֻý¯ӿڼϡ
ȥѾأ
˼ҧǰߡ
صԼĵСԺƻڣװĻҽȥϴˣٽ
ȡһֻң׼¯װȥ
ֻ¯ӣʵҪ¯͵ȥ
һ߰¯һ߻صǰЩӵͷʮʯֻ¯񡣡
ѣǰȥһ֣˳ڵֻ¯ӿΪӣطһ᲻ء
ƣ֪
˭ڷӦһֵ˵͵ô
ô˵ģƽϵãشһڼ򣬡Ķȥ

ڵؽѸںһֻ¯ôһٸͣ졣
䰮¯ӣǱ¯ӣӦŮΪҪգ
˰Ҳ󲻳ۻʲôӦֻȴӦơ
ͬʱԶ칬۾ҲѾǲؽԼãͷɢȴһɫˣش
۾˼ڸ㣬ڵҡΰᵽԺͩ£ΪԼһ裬ҡ£յع̳
»֪ʲôȽ̳õĶشʾ͸١֢ҩ
Ͷá
ţһҸжһϸϸĥ̳еӡʮ棬ͬʱѧ̵ʱһ㣬һһطо
ʱѾյӶòֱ࣬˺üҳŪ׵Ĵʾ䣬ȥ
̫Ѩҡվмֽת˲ʧͥԺС
˯
߶ֻСͯӣһ￴һڴɨԺӡë֨֨ſɨԺСͯӵԴϣСͯӵĶҡҡλΡ
СͯͣеĻһ֨֨һСͯԴһһĵؽݡ
ãһϵһ߳ţдʣĸ۵ĴΡ
̧ͷʯ


13

۵۾ϾվԶһǸ´ˡ
Ц۾˵ﻰǺǺǣ֪ǵ۾ݹ٣ʵڵˡˡ
ȻʱͣͻΣܹҵĲǡ
˵ţ־һ
ûôСɣ
˿̼ʹʩҲˣ˼Ūȥʵ֪۾кҪ£
ӻͳҳдֽ
ʵĳڵǸΪǰҲˣ̬ȻҪЩֻǵ۾ֻǿÿȴôģ˵һƵĺˡ
һֽݣֶƴ˼ѧ̳ġʻ㡱Ц۾СɿҶˣⶫ£Сдٸȥ幬
룬ҡͷдУҽһǡ
٣һ飬䱻ɱĶӡ
ţʱ¼ѱʷᣬĿҲǴ˵
ԸӣԼô۾ϻƨɡ
֪ڿɷУ
ͷСС
Ҳû˵Լδϴæ۾裬۾뵽ˣԼվһһһʵΪ۾˵
һҳֽÿ̧ͷһۣɻôԶʲôա
˼ЦЦСδڣ¿ڳѬ
۾վŰɡ

ҳֽҳʱÿڸȴֱֲ˵ֻ͵͵촽ҳ׼
ս֣ķֵزƣͣ󷢴ȱȥЪϢգԼٿ
мл£ץʱȥϴڡ
ֽȼ𣬽ֽյûҽҲû¡
δȫָдڣò̫
ŻãùȻÿ˼ǷҪ˯ĵطĵȻһ
ܺƵһöĿϣȻ
ͷҸ¯
ʣµҳֽУ΢֪վδ̤벽Ѿš
۾һɫۣƿ΢΢㶣߷ߵءߡһ
ͷ
룬ģǺó
ֻ˵һ㲻ԹԽң˸տطСĴų
ֻ¯ò¯ӵеĵͷһûУֻиͺͺĴӣ͹
¯ӻıƤ֪뵽һһ߰Ц
ӱսӵ}¯ҲͣʵҪ˭鷳أ
Ȼ۾ϴɾʱֳһŶ亹ǰЩӵĻ˻̣ǽ۾˿ôճ
ƽ¯ĵ죬ƣȺеԴ

ںȲЩһ˳
͵͵˵۾һۣĵɵ㽫Сߡ
ʲݵ˻ʯݸƣһˣСͲˣҪԸߣ
ȷѣƵƵĵ˵ʯѵôġ
ͷǡ
߰ϣ
ƽʯңתתķס
ƨɹԵֻӣ˸Цٺ٣Ҫߣƫ
ʹɫʹƤֱ飬ȴ޶ԣֻƤûǳ̶ȣܵ¡
ӣǲԸڴʱƵġĺͽ̸ķӣҪ̳ϽӽˮٳݣʱҲôЩ塣
֪Եһ׽Ū
һ᲻ˣʱǺް취ֽв֪ΰţ͸ܲסԭ͹ܵòõˡ
Ȼĺ˵Ƥ̫ԭһ£ʵǰʱ־Ǹúú÷˼
ֻƤ꣬һʱҪҲֳɵģģ¡
νۣһȦԼʶɴ඼ΨôƤĺͣȴǸĸ̥
Ŷĺ͵ĵǹƤ񣬲ĺ͵ﱻ˽Ϊĸҹ棬Ҳ֪׷õɰϣܲã


14

̾˿ɻҽ
תƣѧʱǻʵˣ֪Ҫ
Ťͷ˫̶۾
ֻ֮һķС輸˿̵۾һֳڲ輸ϣƱܽ
ߣЩ¡
ûϵתͷһʱҪԶЩȴֻڲ輸ϵѾˡ
ҲЩ
룬ΪʲôôһȴȻúÿⲻ
⸱ǻ뼧һ߻ʱֱһģһʱüһýڿȴֻеºˮ仹Щ˵ıŤ
ƾáеɰ
ǷҪ۾ǲƤ뷨ʱɢƱԼʣڣӱǿһקöƵģҵǸ
á˿ûЩֱۣվŲ棬̬ʮֳϿңҪεǸ
ƣһûãôҵǸ
ֻҪ㿪ڣʲôǲܵأ 
ȻûãǱҰա˶٣幬ƫԶҿÿ㡣

ʲô
УһڴӦҾʱԭˡ
һЦлݡ
Ȼ֪λ֮ǰʲôⷬȻЩ˼顣һ죬ȴҲֻԸת䣬Ǳ˵ĳǵð㲻ǳ˵ԭ¡֣ԷǲƤǾƲܵġ
ɽԭµףֻǵ˿տŵȱǰӡ
һǻôҲ಻ס뿪ȥĺ;̽̽Ϣ
վ˶ţˣȥҵء
ǿҪֵӣõĺõģȥ۵л
ƴ󷽵ذڰ֣òãһֻ¯Ӷѡ
ԺڵСͯѲ֪ȥӰԶԵʮְ˸߲ҵػ˫֣ĵټּ֣ܽһ鷳Ҳ
»֣˸дżֹȵıһ鷳
ӻȡŻȥֽϸϸñ߽ǡܺõسֵ
Qȥ
ֽϵһдţĬŮᡱ
ĬŮɿ˳ĬŮɿᡣ
ʾͣ˵꣬Ѹٵش㿪ʼһδ۾ѧʢٸʵ׵ʹĬŮ᣿
ֻ᲻Դ˿۾ɫ֪Ͳ⣬ֻýʾ֭ظٸӣͱ磬ĺ;ǱɵǰߵĵؽˮɳƵĬŮˡ
˼׵۴ȷǿЩˣҲòƬ̡
ͬУǰ۷ۣǳˡ
ôΪʮڡ
Ļ˼ؿ룬ֻ¯ӷ·ɢϵȣ˳ۡ
ҼǵʮϲЩ¯ӣǲ˵ģҪҲ÷Щδչһٿ۾תԣΪŮ̫ϲ
һͲֱ˵ССʵ䲻Ϸ۵¯ӡˡ
üɭȻæԼĵǣⶼǿСＧ÷ϲСհ¯ӵʸҲûС
ҲԷƱôλ룬ֵֻǷＧʵڿɰ
ǡ
òֹס˻ͷȲؿһ
Ѹٽʣµҳֽ꣬ŷ;۾ûһοڴɵɻ۾ҳûʲôô
ûлػ
̬һģʵڷֲֻֻһ飺۾
һƬס
֪ǺãȻߵ¯ǰսţ˼Ƭ̣ǰ¯ӵĹһ㣬źȻ뵽ƺڤ׵ĳѬʯҩһ˽ⲻ࣬ҲóѬʯϼѲʣΪܲɼѬʯҲǿĳѬʯҲȭͷС֪ټһֻ¯Ӹݳޣ¯ӵָΰϧһ㣬ӦҸ
ѬʯǼϡĶҲһΣŴ뿪Ҳδ濴˿ٿ¯ֻǱͭȺɫ֮кɫ󣬵ȷǳѬʯ
ظܵ˫Щܿˡ
лҪ˵ƣôҵǸ
вУ

15

˹ͬѰ⣬Ѭʯе㣬ֻζ֮ôսȥŵó
һ˫ֶķңֻϰӴȥ¯ӵζ
ôѬʯѲҪŵˡ䲻ǵóѬʯǸʲôζ˿ҲⶨǳѬʯˡ
Ѿŵ˵վڤôѬʯҲǰѣ¯ɳգȻ׽¯ˣο
Ļ۾û˵֪˼ĵλҲϽΪ߳磬ڷﻹʲôǣƽǶĿҲûУһֻ¯ˡ˵ƵӣؼҲС
нпСڣҾʲôŻ̯ô鷳Ӵ
ȡֽȼյøɾ˵ձδң¯ǶȻˣ뷨ͻȥ
޳СֹţСͻȥȥҲҰ
»
ͷǱҰȥգҲǱմɽ󡣡
޲ߵͷлһҾףмʵǶл۾ˡ

һֻ¯У΢΢һ°ͣǡ
칬خҪϼʱһ칬ʹԼҪȥһʱģʱִܵƴȫڰʱҲǿܵġ
ʱƴȫ״̬
ǰʱתշֻһۣԴ˵ԭ£Ҳȵ÷ꡣ
ϧ۰ͰҪȥǸطڲƽá
˿̣ɽ¼ɹһƬǽ壬ȫĴӵĳɹ
ʵѾнǧδһĻƽˣ˼һΪǧһտĵĽ̵˿ƵģЩ
˵û򣬵ƱδϣӴܵĹȻһһɲתٶȣ׷ǸСѾͷ
һֱ׷壬һͣ
Ķ½أŷ棬̤Ϊ
ƴáдԣ½ֻһĵòֵȥĵطǲȥĵط
һһۿССӰҴܣҧгݵ˶ȥõĵطӣ
߽׷ϼһŲǡ˵һ䣬Ҳɵɫ
ɼ̤ôҵسȥǲСĲȵҹͻǴ¡żһĸ첲е˵㲻ˣЩ
һһⲻ֪СӰһزźã
߿ЦҲҪõǡ
ԼһȻʲôԭȵŭɢٿʱ۹ֻʣϧ
߶۾㿴㶼úԥҲ˼ʱ򡪡¯ҪҪ
һưΣվлƽһٵСˣծģ
ؿ˿
һתºѾͷˣЩóײź
һ仰βδ꣬ƽºȻһ֪ʲô죡
Ҳ˲̳ȥƣһҲ֮µķ򣬻δƷվλãѿһƬ޴İӡ
һһȣ͵ڷصƸǰ־Ҫӡ
Ƶڼһǰе־塣
߻ƣüס˼һ֡
һ״ŭɶ㻹Ҫʱ
תƲסһ֣侲Щ
ô侲һĿѣĵ󣬡ҽɱ˲ɣ
һ
߼δйһȫ
·һˮ£һеľ㺮ԪѪ˫۽Ҳһ˼ǡĲ˰ͷۣ˻Ƶ
侲Щ
ƶŵôҳ
ʵϣڷűʱѾײ˼δеԼʲôɷǺ⣬ǧǰʱĺ⣬Ҳǰñʱĺ⡭
֪ʲôֻĪأЩ
⣬ȻһᣬһƮȥ󱳱һůΧĻǵصֶ



16

˫磬Ųĺ׽УȻʲôҲ֪ˡ
˳˯䡣
ʮۣĿ޲һһ徿ԹӲдɻǵã
еλ۾УһһλʮǰλǷһĵʮλ۾˳˷ƺ⣬ʮҲġ
ԴƺԵ̫׽һλߵĳ⣬ɶûʸ˳ƺġ곤ĵ۾ҲС
һδ˭˳ƺ˿̱ѵжвãǿڼ۾Ϊ忴ͣιʲ񣿡
񡣡СĵصƣżֻҪ񡣡
һڱص۾
δ˵꣬ԼһŲڽűϡһüѵõߵ˼ŵҲްϵ
޹ϵ̵һЦ۶һʵ֪֮٣ʵڲ֪ʷ󡣡
һ߶һۣĬĬص˵ͷ
ɫ˪£̤ƽ£ҲްǴ𣿡Цһ
˵գתߣתһ룬Ȼ΢΢ģպ󶨵رҹǴһˣ˯ǡ
߻ûü˵ϻıӰʧǰſ޴ţֻת弧һΪ¯ӣ
һǰŸǴԱ񣬺žԼ˵ʱޱȣ⻹ǵ㣡
㲻õˣ˼ҵ۾˵ܡ߰һۣҪΪ㣬ҲǴ
뿪壬ᳵ·һƵĵԺ ջȥ㿴һСżϣͬͷëġ
ǰʵļҵСɣΪڱſڣ
һ̧ͷڻеƣæеôˣǱ۴𣿡ίޣôŮôΪһ¯ĺ֡
̧̧üëźƵСɣ
λÿĹڴûȲλλɡڴƬ̣̬ȹصǡ
ͷëʵѻ
һ㶣ֵǡ
ò̫
ڣ˵ʲô
ûƾݣڵŹϣš
ƺСϣָǺñӣŵÿૣô̷ѻҲǹġ
˯ú죬ѲģĴЩ޼ɵϸϸ˰ΣиŵԭģÿЩ˵Цҡҡͷԭһĺÿ˵òҲӦġ
ҵһߣȡϣҷһ
̾һεҲʵӣصĶַҪѵ㡣
֪¯ӵĲΪѬʯʱҪѵ׼ҲһٸԼɳ嶯خζԴƣ侲Щǡ
۴ƺãõóڲ֪Ůദ⣬۴Ӳܰί
һ¾һٶǰƲ֪Ķ˵ڤĴ󣬾ǰȥҶˮҪ˼š
ԭҲʲô£ֻȥһ궫ԻƤƽҲºͣÿ껻Ƥʮֱ꣬˱ˮ
ûмߣһλĴ͡ɳְãԶһ˽⣬Ҳ֪ǼյԲɳײֻϡ棬ȥɴ
ǽͷϣʱ˺˵Ƥ̱ʱϵˮ¡ˮҲ֪۱Ȼϻ̳Ͽֵȱ£˺ۣͬһƤѪճһ
Ȼ⣬ǰԣֽǲµСӻ˷䣬ˡ
ĺͽ˵ֻǶˮϲޣѰڶҲǺߵģ۲ɷ˵ˣˮڻļǺš
뼧һ֮䣬ȷйһЩСʱæűչأδȥڹ˽꣬ҲͲ⣬ĺͽЩ£вǲмġ
ֻʵڻ̡
˭۴˶ǷжݲöԷá
û壬ǳ׵׵Ĺ¼ҹһʮޱߺȴû˭ء
Ψ
Ψʣһ


17

ں⣬֪ƵΣصһʼղҽݣֻȥҷһʡ
뼧һʰµ̯ӡ
һæµﲻͣ߶šˡȴЩ֪ҹµǴصεȳ̶ȣ۾ܷɹ
ǴԼϣ߲£ǸһһԼ۾˭ҲûǴضҶʣ¡
ڼ֪۷ȥµһȥãֻֻͷػ˵Ժ
ƵŴ󳨿һæȥö˶ڴϡֻǰλÿĹȻ֪ȥ
˸飬ȷֻ˯ˣ˿뿪
ҹĻ٣ƻδѡ
ȥŻûеõκλӦ
һƬھĪ䣬·ʲôѹͷԴϢ
˳ȥʱԼ־ڷ
һ˿ҲûԺſڡ
Ҳ֪ģңֱۡ
ۿɼٶȾһź·ɽҹ۵ССĵԺ
۾ϡǰиӰֵסɳϸۣſǽнĺӰԭǸˡ
˺ܿ쵽ǰǷλǶƯɡ
ڣŲһ٣ԸԺԶЩ˰벽ֻɽͷԶЩ
ڲվ˺
漴ƯȼӨӨ⣬ɫ纣죬ȴвͬڲ֪Ĵݣֻؼɫֱˡ
ʲôҲûУԺżҲ֮࣬еظܵСԺԽԽԶֱԼ޷ٳСԺ벽һɫ͸ϻǰ
ڲɵٴ˺󼸲
γɣ޶һ˵ڵĪ˵Ҳܡ
ڽڳڰ˰֣Ժ漴һա
Ļѹøˣл㱼һɷζ
ԺڵĺŨǰһҲԷֱĺڰСԺ
ڰ˿ûܷ
ݽƱԺУԼ£ϡ
ҲǸĴģ˫üչǺЦ
ס֣ж¼ӲףƵķ
ҴǴÿο㣬ȻеġЦЦʲôҲ
ʱ뼧һҲ˹ǰڣȥ̲סüͷ
Ľ磬ûмܹƵˣһҲܸܵ˵ơ
ڼһУɫǵŵԺ
⸱ģۣһȰҪ㻹ǻЪŰգš
ҡͷѰֻơ
һǲ˵
ԶԶش¡¡һ죬Զ˷ôߵġǴµǰˡ
˰ӣȻַų硣ɫâ·ľ޸֮УɭȻ¶ϡ
Ƶ۶޿κεһ̾ÿηŭǰҪôʯ쾪һͨ˼Ҳ֪ҪƵġ
·ΪӦһԹͬʱס
ٷϻ
֮жݵİ߱۵սľ룺ˡ
࣬з˪ΪģһСɶɽٲһףϣ׵ĵ࣬һζɽʱְʮһףƶʮɽΪֹʱ׵һΡ
Ǵ𷣱ȶɽЩһ£һЯһеس̶ȶ
з˪ǵ¸ص̣ͷ񡢷شɣ̷һ£ǳ߻ɢĽȥġ
ƴ˴˵󲻴˵ССͨ˱ضͬ޹ǣ˵ôϡ
ΨĵĲԼܲܵ𣬶ܷɹһ١
סƵ֣øȫЩ
Ӧܵġ˲УǿԵġ
ĳѵ˼£һɷ½
Ȼһô۵ľ޴쳹ķ͵ССһԺ
ٶ̫˳ɫĽײѸͣ͵ܸʱٿرƿɢɽĻչֳĿɭɭɫ


18

ɫ˴Ŀ㤣ΪҪΪ𡪡ǻǴȴڤһɫ
һಫĽҲδܽ룬ζǻಫҲζţȷԴ̣ǻ򶨻ͣڽ֮⣬ֻ¶档
̷һֿ֮ǵضֻǼӱ̷
ðŷ̱̽Ҫ磬򼴱Ҳ֪ܷܵ˱ŭ
˵ѹʧ֪һ̷㽫ʵʵڵˣкȻʮһ˿ҵͷ
ڶֻúܿ죬ǰһֻһڿлһֱĿӣֱͷ
̩Ȼɽض޼˿鷢ҲȻ
򴥼һ̣׹ںһ𣬶ɫâ֮Уһʺĳɫ
ǿ֮䣬Ե΢ô̶غ룬·᲻ɴݡ
ǺĿڡ
ڰæ֮лܳոһǵ⣬ȫů⾡ڴˡ
򽥽Ϊһ壬ʧ٣ǹںֱײ
֫ٺһ飬ֶݵʧȥ֪
ĮȻ˫ۡ
巽ŻůһѾͷ
򹲽˾ŵǰڽģʮ
һۻ˺ܳʱ䡣
ƺȻ˸˫סָĴʱٴ̱
ѰԺڵĺҲɢȥĻ·Զ룬ûǹԴϢѹ֮С
ߵһԺڣԶԶؿͥԺλıӰ
ͦΣͷ΢΢ȥҹɫΪһĳһ˿ˣ˳ſϡһ
룬Ҳû˭һ㣬ֻţԹᵽӹɢĹ¶
ס߽ԺӵļһڷԸҹس¶ЪŰա
йŮģ
һʶҪԣȴ߿Ĭҡҡͷ嵽ߵĻôȥ
ڵûʲôӷԣԹǶδأѾ̫ǵģСݡ
뿪ʱʮĵعԺţ˳һ磬ĸ۵š
һ̣ûסҾδŮƨ
δŮЦһ㵹Ҳ
һҰһ죬ȻͿˣֻû뵽㾹Ȼ
һ̧üëô
СѾͷͷ⣬Ѱ˭࿴һͺ޲˼۾һɻôһ۾̬ȾתһٰʮɽƵģ
۾ֲѰˣѽߴսһһӣף
һȻյ۾Ļʱǡóʵʱ򣬱㿪ڵ۾СѾͷʲôϵʲôϵ
һߵʱ
ǰסһĸ첲ԶԺ¶˵Ȼȥˣ㽲
֪ѾԶ˿̲붯
ִһСرվ
˯еƷ·иӦƵģĶҲһ£Ǳơ
ܵĴʧ΢΢һ١
ľȻֱǰЩźЩεصһƳġ
һƬڣŻСһ̣ĿһʹʲôȻӿǻ漴㳢һ֮ζ
ӽסòֱ
δٵȼ͵ƣǰĬںڰУŴ͸΢¹ˡ
ǰ˷ģ츲ǶһڵķӣҲһֱħһ˾ض·
һֱȥһʹټƣӿʵڳŲסֻԼСƬ̡
Ƭ̵Сʹδܿ˯ƺȻüͷƺʲô֮С
ڶһͿڲԶĵ۾ֵŲ輸ԴһԺߵơ
վһĴΣԴвãڽεǰĻƴĹӸ绤ס
ȻƲڣһĻὫΪҲһƬ⣬ûûεĹΣ֪ͼǶġ
ȣ˫ڽ˰Σټǻĳ𣬼֮ǰҪǸ飬Ҳһʹ
ٸһŶˡ
Ʒ´ڵڴ˰죬һֻľӣӱֻһСޱװΡȻòͨӣһ˿ڷŵļǼֵǵı
ƵС⣬ȫҶССˡ


19

һϲţÿγŶضҪȥʲôȤĶЩصزѰҪһϣ˵ˡ
ϴǰȥʱƴԼڤڳһָ׸ǴĳѬʯȥʵҲóѬʯǸʲôֻǵʱ뺣ʱżÿ˳һֱҲûʲôô
˭֪ǶˮôһСʯͷͬ䱦ʮִ󷽵飬һŽɫһ͸һõ졣
ȭͷСԲϾǴˮȡġ
ŵ۾ϲɫֻõĦãʹһߣСĵؽӲ˻ȥ
ж󷽣ֻӦл
˵УһʲôſԣǰЩ칬ʱҲԼһĵλҲûмҳײΪĶ磬Ϊһ崫ڽӴΣȴȻܲΪ뼧һ潻棬֮ܲл
ֻûжȥ˼ΪҪ˻ˡ
ͱƵĶѣֻһʱδ֯ԽͻأԼ
˼ˣһۣƽߵ
ƺٺһЦֽ̧ǰʵÿô
յ̫ѹ鳤ʲôֻʣ΢΢һ㶣˵ͷ
Ҿ֪ϲԴȭͷУллңл񡣡
ȻΪ֪Ǵ֮£ãȻʵʲô
㲻ǰҵллѽƺСƵ֡
ͷеĺ飬һϳǶ飬ǰˮҲ͹һŸģһţɫҲźÿЩ
ôصĶû뵽һʱ֪ܳӦʲôá
˰죬ֻл֡鴧ƮƮȻؿôʲô
Ŷ
ƺ֪ע⵽Լƣ˺һָ۾ΪҸողſëó
ۡ
·ˮڿյ
ҽ¯Ǵˣתƻ⣬㿴ҸȥԼȥ
Ҷ͸ˣִ𣿡ƾȵصɴ˫ۣҵҲ˴ҲˣҲûôСɣһȥǸ˵ˣ÷ۣͳȥĶҪǲԸ𣿡
룬һ䣺ҵĺܰӵģ
ˣ
ƼüŪۣţⲻǶ׷ôϸ첲ȵģô׷ңٺ٣

һʱ֪ܻ𳵵СѾͷƬô졭
ӵļһһйҲȥܵ˵Ժ
շ̫࣬ûüϸ룬ͻȻخɽضΪʲô顣
Լѵʱûʲôȵ飬Ԥ֪¯һ£һ룬۾Ȼǰ¯ӵģ
ССҲԼôһΣֻҪ¯ֻصԼС˷Ҳɼ̡
һԽԽ죬շһյҲɫɵվڵԺǰ½ȲоߵĽ硣
ߵĽԼһ˵ѣؽ˱ŽȥսԺӾͿԼı¯ӣ¯һԲôŮ˵ʲô
ѬʯҼʲôϡģº̣Ҳûжһ磬ҿ϶͸̻
˻˵֪ߵغڿ佱
һתԥʱúܲãһӻҪֿ˿վһԵһԼʤжϨ˻
һੲݵ󣬶ԼһҪǰȥ黹۵¯δˡ
һյ˸ͷǰݷãԭҪ黹ֻ¯ӣҪҴΪת˵Լ򲻸ҽܷ˺񣬻һջء
뼧һرĽֵλ൱໥˵һǿģֻƣԴǱ㼤ЩʱȻѾڣһҲٶţòػһ
δȼһ˵ϻƴ̽ͷϵͳȥĶóȥˮջûӡ
Ӷƨã
һһŰСѾͷߵڤȥ
ϵ˿ûؼҴˣ治֪ô¯ӣһȥҳѬʯҲô࣬͸ͷɡ
һ޿̣ѾͷԸһѣĶҵĶȥ飿
СѾͷоݵطҵĶϲ
ƨ£һԼǷµծԼ취ȥ
ƣҵѽ


20

һһ
齩ס˲һҲ˵
˵ĻһһֵػԺһǰλĺɬվһˡ
̾˿Ʒԡ
ƺȻί
Լ˴ҲҪһǸɴ˿ͷ⵭һʱġ
ί·𲢷Ϊǰ飬һǻŶʱõǱĵףڱֻί
֪ˣһǻҴˣһٸͱĶȥ
ƸճǻһδޣСӲĳĵƤСӣʲôƵÿ޹
Ҫ֪ˣǵһ겻
ˣһƲͷҪҵ¯ȥͣҲǲԣģѵ᲻һֻ¯ôֻһֻʵԸ⣬ĸȥвУ
ˣƳҸͱġ
СѾͷˣ
ɿӣһҲݲ˵ʲôӲĵշôĻ𣬵ҲдǣǸŮͺͽˣвУ
ƵͷұҲûԹ㣬֪ҴˣҲˡ
ԭͽΣ˿ղ
һĶˣŮиҹĳ˵ԼҵѾͷȷЩҲĵġ
Ȼʵ벻Ķ
һװԼı¯ӣ˶٣ת۾࣬ǲخ˰ա
ˣĨΪļᣬսˣô˵ģ
ǰ߻谵δܷƲſһ˫ͫ׵ɫƺǳЩ
һΪ
һ仰ð˸ͷѸٱȥΪ
ʶҪƣȻĺ˵Ļת˷򣺡Ϊ㡣
ңָԼӣΪʲôѲ㱻ҵˣ
һηҴ۾ʲôΪðźŭǴ۾㵲
ƿ
˼Ƭ̣һ飬Ƶ˵ͷ
ǰµؽųѬʯ֮࣬δ¶
Ʋ֪ͻȻĶһüôңԼĪû֪ʵǲ˳˯䣿
δ뵽תô죬Ҳûüʲôдʣֻüͷ
ƣҰǴ

㡪ǣߵضţĶ磬ôôϧԼ
һЦǵ̶ȵǴҶԲʲô
Ҳзյģؿڴһ£Ժٲˣ
ҿǷôˡ
ӻǿź飬Һϲǵա
龭չҫԳӯӯ󣬼һԾСѾͷʱ˴ˣ
ƳԼϵһۣתⲻ֮ô࣬ҪͬȼֵĶ㡪˵˵Ҫʲô
롭ңȻұסЩӰգڼͷСչˣǻա
û⣡ˬ죬סڵԺˣ﷿ò꣬ðڡأ
˽¸һҹ龰ڴس¶Ъһ
س¶𣿡Ʋ
һ
ôѲ˵ýԼŮͷϣ
ƲδȼһĻشԹ¶ӵĵطСܿסô
һǰΣڳض뷽跨Ʋڣ
ɲߡ
һҲǸС壬ҹԺǵ״ܵסʱس¶һҹˣһҾǲȥ
Ŷȥɡӣ𴲵ڻûԶأûšҲ˰ɣ

ڼסԺϲУȫû⵽ǸŮ˵ʲô˵خͼôĵط֮⡪ǼһҲڳ¡
ʵһǲֻСѾͷת̫죬˺ǰ䡣
ͷ
϶ˡ£弧һָӵϵȥѰڽл

һɷǸǸ棬Ĵ
Ŀͼһį뿪תЦеؿơ
ȥؼ飬ҿǶˡ
ܵˣʲôġ
ƣҪô
ҲҪģֻҪɻõ飬޴ϲ󱯾ͺá
ƣܻã
ҹ¹¶һܵСＧʱʱ飬ǽһˡ
¹¶۾һͷִ֪ʲộϲð죬һù¶
ôĵϡòĵǲ˵ʲôʯͷԼŵĻ
˼ʱ磬˯бߵСɾӴҹΪСڣһҹߣʱſ˯
ģΪԼ˯ֻΪСҪԷͽ˯
һƬ಻ĺǷ̤ԺԺƯĺߴߴСڡ
ûͷײϵ۾ƴ̹񡪡ɱˡ
ڣ
ΪʲôѾ˳ܣҪĴ
ߴʹӦö۴ǰɣھʱ۵Ŀˡ
Թ緹۾һ裬Ժɹ̫һڵظҡӡ
ԭһԣǰ֪ΪʲôȻԼЩۡ
Ҹͷȴ֣ڣ
ϡͿعȥ
ƽӽУִս˵ʲô
۾ɫƵ̧̧üë
ƵĻһ˻飬Ϊѵⲻ̫ðɣ
һۣʵʲô£
ƺٺһЦǰͷ𣺡㲻¹¶ͷ¶Źˣȥҵӡ
ֱӣһֻδڣСѾͷŻԶˡ
ֻñڣʲô£
ҲҵնǰΣЭ˵Ļһһʮ˵۾
ˣֻǰ˵¹¶Ǿ仰ʻȥ


21

ϧѾˡ
ûñһȺ֦չĹصԺмġ
ǽԺųһţ̸۾˳ϸҽܣ伸Σأ˿ڵȵȡ
һҲûס
һ˫۾ϣֻúЦΡ
ǽ꣬˷ܵشյߣô𣿡
΢ЦͷΡ
ǡ
һϣƢۿҪסƳĿѹȥ
˫۾úܺÿȴ¶һ˿Ƽˣֻý֪ôĸ̻ضԹǰڰֵȻǳǾͰŰɣ˵ˡ
䳳۾Ҳ
̵üѵƢ̲סڹë߯࣡
һľѾ֣ٶһӳ
֮⣬ֻԼ࣬һ䡰Ҳ㡱ֻԺӣҲ֪Ҫȥ
ͷڷԸͷ㣬ЩǶɢ˰ա
ԭȥ׷ƣɵ۾òӣֻȴǰ¡
ߣٻڿ۾Ѿվ˴֣Ƭ̣߽ǰȥڵСＧôµӣ۾׵ķϣҪ̫ƽϡ
ĿӹͷëĵҼƲƽҲֵõָô
岻ܿƵҪȥƣʵڱΪÿЦãΣջǾԼһ
ڼ۾ҲʲôΪֻµԹҡ
£βָʯ鿴̳
̳ҳƮһ¥ظ޴ҳϣʹڶӸ߲¡
ȥһ߿һüһɫÿ¡
ڵսľسŵ۾飬вɵú棬ҲĻʯ鿴
ˮģһǷλΨһСˣ[˼]
[˼]ôû˵£ֻԼ˵۾ĳ䣬֮ǰǴ˵ƷＧҲȥôôô˭𣿳úòÿ
[Ů]עˣֻ˷۷Ｇδ߻б˰ܷＧûȥɡ
[Ұ۰ְ]˼ҳúòÿʲôŶҲҪʣ
[]ƷＧȷʵ¶棬¥Ҳ޿ɺǡ˵Ҳ֣λＧҳ˵Ǵûɳ˵䡣
[ճٷ]û¥
[Ϊ]¥ľһٶǰˮ¶ʱǴ÷зôǺȥҼѣ˵û
[]¥ϣиѾڶˮźҲ˵ûＧҲ֪ûǼٵû
[Ϊ]ѽЩɶ۷˰ɣ
[С]ʲô÷ڵģ
[ɰ]СＧ̫Ƥˣȥһһɡ
[Ů]ͦƤģŮСʱûôƤɡ
[ɰ]¥Ů
[Ů]ƨŮɰˣ
[Сɰ]ûŮƤҲ֪ǿ϶ûŮÿ
[Ǭ]¥⡣ȻôͬùעҾ˵˵ɡǼСＧģò˵ô겻Ը¶ԭģĳ
[˼]֪ʿԸ˵ˣ
[ɰ]ǸǬ˵˵ʲô
[Ů]֪ΪҪǳŮʲôԭô˾Ͳ¶棡
[Ϊ]ҲáĳɣȻҲڲҴôꡭ
[Сɰ]óҲûɶǳóôƤͲ̫ˡ

֮¥γ󣬻мڷ׷˵ơ
ûٿҪرĤʱⶰ¥Ӹһµģ
[Ŵѩ]ӽԺ̳ڲָĳλɣΥɾš
¥һȫȻ
ʲô
˵еĹԱ
˭ƾʲôǣ
Ҫ̳۽й
Ҫɣ
Ƿ۵Ǳ֤ԺҲŮˣջس

ڣ
ðɣҺԭҲû̫ʱ̳ʲôʲôҲ⡣
һԵ۾Ǿ仰پˬ
ϲƴȴ޿κεӡ˭ǹܲס֣
ûĶãеβָƸϢ
[һС]ͷ
ѾͷҲ֪ܵĶȥǰֲע̳Ϣ
˼ҪҪڹһò̫£ʵأ
[Ŵѩ]ǡ
[һС]˭ôȨ̳ۣǲʲôɼ˵˽½ף
[Ŵѩ]Һûκνףûɾŵ
[һС]ŶҲ˵ô˵˲𿩣˵Ǿ仰ʲô˼Ϳֻ
˵Щеˡ
ؿ˺һŻظ
[Ŵѩ]ҲûҪֻ˼ֻҵŮЩʲôʵз
[һС]
[һС]ƷＧŮ۹⣡
[һС]ôһ˵Ҿͺˡ
[һС]ǴҵȨôҲû˭̳ۣǲ̫ãǾ仰ɡ
[Ŵѩ]ҿΪŮ
[һС]
[Ŵѩ]ɾ
[һС]˫˫޳ɣ
ĤҲ˷ܵ㵸ģЦЦһɾǶݵø߸ߵӣһ˳ָƻϢ
[Ŵѩ]޳ɵΪǷ˫ꣿ
[һС]У˵̫ˣڲʵϢͲӦô
[Ŵѩ]е
[һС]˵оôɾİǰʹһ˵ɾأ
[Ŵѩ]ҲǼѪˡ
[һС]ģ
[Ŵѩ]ܡ
[һС]С


22

ĤǰЦһ̡ŷ߻иµģûʲôطԸˣȥɡ
ȥżĤ
ͨͨʯʱֻܿЩ֣˵Сֵõ
ͱḻһһЦ˻ס
Ҳ̡
Ծع𴽽ǣָڿзƽ̸
[һС]ѾǸɾ
[һС]Ŷɾˣҿ˷ˡָɽһֽģ̫˼Ⱥɣ
[Ŵѩ]㿪ľͺá
[һС]Ŀģϲ±Qȴ޿κεӣ

Ϭ
[Ŵѩ]
[һС]Ҹĵǰ˹ԱԺҾͿΪΪˣ
[һС]ǣҸոմ˲˼ҲǸ˼˵ԺҾͲᱻ۸ˡ
[Ŵѩ]˭۸㣿
[һС]Щ۸ң
[һС]ŶҲŮ۸Ů۸ҡ
ԺиֳһĿһߴŮ񡱵Ļ棬ɵȻʧЦôôȤ
[Ŵѩ]Ů˽Σ
[һС]˵Ƿǳ˽ˡ
[Ŵѩ]Ŷ˵
[һС]خһֺᣡ
[Ŵѩ]Ҳô롣
[һС]ʲôϵ
[Ŵѩ]ϵ
[һС]û
[Ŵѩ]һƳѡ
[һС]ðɡڻСˣԸԡ
[Ŵѩ]Ӧô
[һС]ô֪
СѾͷװûͦ
ҳһʱȥˡ
خ󣬵ƻȥļطܹµ
خ˽⣬ҲżǰƵһɢһ
ʱ֣ͷߡ
ɢɢ壬Ŀ׷һССӰơ
خ칬أض硣
ֻˣ֪ƾʲôκ谭ص
ڵϣ֪ڸЩʲôΪ壬վô˼ŹǵĽأֺڣֻվϵȡ
һվǾ̫ɹֵ̧˵ͷתңңԵĺµ۾
٣˷ܵȫȻ˷ŵĲ죬֣ôˣ
ֻһĶ
ûлԪɻأǳ෴ķȥӰʧ
ûãǰơ
Ѿͷ߻©
εذҡͷһָ̫һʵخĽʲô©ǲǶһ
ƺܴ󣬼סʱͺСһȡ
˻񣬲ſڴҲ֪ΪʲôخĽ磬һСȱڣڵϴô꣬ССĽ˸飬ֻǲĽ绹ûҵȱˡ
ҪȻҲʯ˰
Ƭֵ̣Ҳ֪ǲ̫ˣôˣʹûг֮ҵõЩȱڡ
ˣĬĬԸڵĶƾܱҹȥôҵõ 
ͬС;ǣѾˡ
룬Сƺ̫׵
תͷƣһ磬ˮС
˵ŶϿҲΪ뵽˴ѯʵ㷽ʲô
ղǴ˻ôƲ˼ӣǸǵǸɣ˼ҶԪˣȷʵá
ףѵǸ㲻ˡ
תһС䣬ʱ˷˶ӣ˳ƽ̫Ҳ˸
ЩŤ㲻Ƥ񣬲̫ɹ
Ц޷ŮЩ
ƣ
ô
ҴСûýôд˵˵Ұ裬ǽʵҲǿӲֻ֣Ҳϲ
Ϊʲôϲ
ƻӣһһΪ˱ңҪˡ 
һ㶣֮ͷȥΪô룿
ֵƷ㶡
ΪʲôҲ֪Ϊʲô·ڹ˼룬ѲãҲԸѵ˼롣
Ҿôһ˵
ƴ˸ҪŪȥȴʮֿ϶˵ܱˡ
ΪԼǾ仰ֻǺ˵δ˵棬һʱ֪ηӦ
ȻصӦѾ̧֣ݿܵطǰ
֮䣬ƺ͵˵һ䣺Ҳܡ
룺ȫʣԼȥ˭أ
⻰̫ˣֻ룬;λ۾ʵڿŲҲϧ
ƣҲˣԺҪʲô飬ܸңһ㡣
̿شһá
Թ緹Ҫȥ˯
岢翴ǰ㽡ջʥܴ¹ڼҵĻҽҲû˭ֹϴֻܽһ֮еʱ䶼ķ˯
ư˯ʱ״̬
𡭡
һૣһƸǺñӡҲ޷ϻİ˴ڣͨ죿
Ϊ𣬾ܻΪǲ˼顣
ãҪȥҷ̸̸ˡ
һԹ緹ȲȥСؽѹĵ¯ӣʱͥԺѣǰȥ칬ʱһɫ
Ų΢٣Ĭ߽
̧ͷæһ˫۾ֻʺϣ㶣պЦ:׾գõ۾Цˡ
룬Щӵأʵ:Ǹô
ǡߵͷԴпظ˸ֱѣԴѾ۾ұãʱΪЩˡ
ڹδ֪
ǡԳһЦڸԼҸο
۾ΪֻԼ˽ģȴ֪ʵҲСһң˵ʱԸʱҵġ䲻֪۾룬ӼƵһҾ͵Ů֪ˡ
߿Цһ֪ˣὫҵǷʸأ


23

ԸЩѣ·˾װѽ֪ô
߲ȨĬϡ
ĬһοҲֻͬв֪οڣһϰˡ
̾ص˸ͷ
ǰĵ۾վŻһɽ߾ѹŷÿ˾վæڿʯ£ʵ۾ʲôҪʰգ
ס豭ҷˡ
˻һ֪߱Ҫʲôεظ˸ӣͷص۾Ҫֻ˵°գ
ףҲ˵Щ꣬Ƿʷ飬Ҳδйķˡұչشæ֪֮Ƿʲô鷳
Ҳʲô鷳һЦɵ۾أиңʵֻ֮ǡϸܹܵġ
ü˼ǲܣͽǳְ̧˰ݣЩ˲ٿ࣬壬ʵΪ
߲Ըסٰݵֱۣһҵ壬֮¶ϹŽڸʱ㽫ӡʧ꣬һҲǷĹżּǣʩϵĽЩ΢ΣѹƲסرת
һ룬߲˵ȥЦЦ⵹ţҲǡΣǰ
Ȼ˵꣬ѲµδڵĻ
Ϊ˷ֹƵɶʩӵĽôʱܵķɻ
˼Ƭ̣ʵʲôΣ
ã֮£ʹƻܵʲô˺Թ޶λ
ֻƴȥأۺõĻǲõʵ붼Ҫ˽⡣
ߣǽȻнĵףһǱӡ߽˥һܷ߳ƽ߻ԪֻǱͬʱȨ֮ƣֻŵ۾أȫķӡ
һ˵꣬߱Ϊٽɫ·Ԥ֮Уַ·Ѿ̫ࡣ
жʱ䣿
Ƴãһұȥݷ˻ʥʥҽԺã΢Ҳʲô쳣֮ÿҶȥطȰݷʥ˼һǲŲæҲδƵ״Ρ
ǾҴһֻںľƣںǰʮǧɣҲǲŲæһ󲻱ȥطˣҽΣԼϡ
ߴδģ˵ЩԼ䣬ȷʵ˵ʲô
Ƶ飬һ뷨ӣ۾ÿ۽΢΢̣ЩΪѵؿߣҪ۲ЩҩĶ幬С֪ܷ˵ȥҵ幬סЩӣ
⡭߱ΪѣҲ֪Ƶӣҵ˵ġ
ʮ֮ڣƺû˭ܹҵƣֻǸʲôҲûеİСˡ
ЩͷۣȻһæĽŲԶڳ˽Ҵææ˸
˫üչС˳ˣ
ͣ˶ãôֳˣ߿Цãһ۾Ժȥơ
˵ͷת۱㲻ӰתͷŲ֪߻ǲߵڣ̧üЦ֣
λ۾ЦƽնǰһΪ䵭룬ʱЦ˼ֳΣǺÿ
Ȼ֪ЦǶֻλЦ̫񣬽ɵƬ̣Żæͷش𣺡Сһ̫ԸһִѰҲֻǼգһʱŻ󳳴֡
Ҳ˵һСһ󳳡
ְһЦ׵ȥ
ڴ˵Ժ
̧ͷͷҶ˼棬ضǶԷҲ硪ôǱˡ
ֵòɿƵȴŲæһܴԼϸм仹ºȰ
߽ȥӭ濴һλ޵Ůӣü˫ϵĵ̫ǡ
ŮվĸһµͷǸС澡
վбƳһǰڣĬĬ룺خ澻ͦôƫƫ˸̺򡭡 
ƿʶЩǱ˱죬ͣ³֡
ʵֶƴںֻǲ֪ʲôԭǰôһں
׺߰ɡ
롣
۴ʱҲƼȻ˿ûбòӰ죬̧øߣŭɶ·ǽڻϵһͰ͡
תضЦЦͷס۷ķצȰͣЩˣ˼ҿЦ
ɨһۣЦһЦʸЦң
üѵǵ۾񣡡
ߣʲôƨ۾嶼ˣӵĵ۾ǸˣתָƵıӣΪôСҰɱ˼ҵĺӣ֪ܵԹǷɽ˼ǧ꣬һԲҪļñȥݣʲô
һʵڶ񶾣ָһƣŭˣ»£
ǰǾ仰ѾʧȥǣûʲôǼ䣬㶯֣δȴȶ֡
δԼ׷Ļ
ʱҲûʲô£һһСҰ֣ƴȥҲֻǳ䣬ཫ㼸¡
ɽȴԱ˻
룬״ǺԼһ۾Ǽա
һѾʧԴѾǺεȲļį˭Ľ½˰أֵӣҲŲȥἰ
⼸仰ٸƶΪ
Ȼ׶ˣͲȥϽˡ
һ͵͵۾һߵ߸ıΪ˳
ŵö㵽Զȥˡ
һƣϺּܿӡɼֲδ飬ίߣ֪ⲻң
߳ĬתƵ֣ʹ˸ɫƵȸŵ۾ȥɢɢġ
ſҪܾȴǰǣס֣ɷ˵ؽ泶
Զ߷ŻؿԼãҵȷҸңֻ֪ԼΡԼĿڣʣΪһ֮Ϊ޼ƣһңҴΪֵõһ¡
ȻŲӵǸСҰ֣ƾʲôýȣ
˺ܳһ·ֹסŲ
вȲ˷ĵ۾֪Ǳ˵ʲôֻãȻͷ
ֻԶԶڵķ򣬰β
ãǣ𴽽ǣһƴδκϼģ䵭Ц
ƾãУͬһ㱰΢ܵʱ÷
ʱĳ߸ϣЦһϡ


24

˵һ·̣޿̣Ůܲףһֱʲô㳤ĹģԭȴǸɧ
סɿ֣룬صԼҳ̫ᣬ˴䣬㸸Ҳһ档
ָͷ˰죬ûǸʲô䣬ɵø̾ʯ㡭
ףǴ仹ݵλҶʡ
ҵ٩⣬ȴġ
Ҳ֪ʱԪʱǲǾĻˣ
ʷʱƴûȤЩŤŤ֣ϲвͼԪм޷ɫֻɫһ
ǲͼһϹĹżϵͼ˵ͼõɫǴÿһʷɫΪһλȡġ
ƻǵãǰһҳǷˣ˵ɫǻɫʱ÷ɫɫɫš
ͼɫķԪǵߵ񡪡ۼһԪ
֮⡭֮ǰȥ칬ϯʱ׸ϵǼѣɫƺżϵɫһģһ
ƿ۾ɫ䲻żϵɫǰ㴿ȻǺÿ
ôһ룬λ۾ǿˡ
϶ƳտһΧ
ⲻȥ̶·ô
ȥ
ʲôÿġƱ죬칬ϵĺÿ
һЦ칬칬
ޣҲǡҰһ
ȺƵĶŮͬеص˵ͷ
ȥǵ̶ʲô
һλѿһǣ
Լǣ˭ע״
ƾ֣ΪʲôҪעǷĽҲǷô
ƣǰա
紵ҵͷǷ˺ô
ͷ
һȤ̽ͷʵ˵ĺпĸףҲп游ףпǸµ֣ʲôģ
ĸס
Ŷ˼ĸ׺ĸ׶İ
ǰĹϵгΪҲνսʱи֮䲻ͨ顣
ƽżͨҲ㳣Ͼ˭Ҳ֪֮ĺǸʲô֡
޷׽Ԥ飬ƾǸȤ
֪
ƣţ
Сͷֻʳ̲סԴ
ĸǷĹĽ
˵ꡰ֣˶ݵĻ䣬֮䣬ǰǧ̤ڻƳϵ׳֮ɳϮһģߡ
һһģڽ;̡
ƺҲҪֽɫĴˡ
Ƕˡ
ι˵˰ûõŤͷȴͣסŲԶ֪ʲô
չȥǰ˻֣㷢ʲôأ
񣬿Լ·ԡѪɱɳ˼ңոʲô
˵
ҪظһղŵĻȴȻֵֹһƤʵոǲҪ˰۾ôģ
Իҵʳָ˫ۣ겻ɣ̫ˡ
ޡƽŽɵ룬Լûõ𰸵⣬ʵ˵ǸֻˣҲѪͳ᲻Ƿʲôһ硭Ѫɫ֮ģ
ûСЦԴô߰뷨һֻˣûκ෴ʼΪɫ
żϵͼһǳƯ
ʮƯɡ
ƣô
˵꣬ƾƺ̫òΪ˵룬ܶǰ͡
һɫûʲô쳣żţһһѾǻʯ˰ɣ
ãͷţһǸʯˡ
۾âлᣬһȥ
ʧЦá
ûõ̶ɽ·һڲݴеıʯ̶֣ʺҲڲݴӳģ
ǼһصɨݵĵطΪн㣬¶˥΢ļÿÿһзѰ㲻ٰγһһľ·ľЩܴߴŽʢƵġ
̧ŲſǰǼֱͦĲݣ߹ȥ󻹻ͷעһ£ȻٴָͦһţੲݣôƬز㳤Ҫ·мţ˭

һǳÿһòľɡ
ö˶˵ʲôôһС꣬Ҳ
һƾ߷ߵһˣҿٳ͵óɾˣ
ýŹһ²ݼ⣬˵ʲôأϴҾģ
ԭˡ
߹ȥסݾҪΣҰ
𣡡æƿľвףخɵĲľأҪǰҵǴҲɡ
ڣҴ㡣
Ƽöţ˵׼ξǲ׼Σ
ļˣٶǽҷһ
һƵɽ·תһխ̶ܿȫòˡ
֮ĵطɽһͻľʯڸǣûҫеĽͻھʯµƬӰ֮¡
̶еĽԼֻжʮ䣬Զ칬׳ۣɫҲصĽǰҫۡ
ԶԶţüͷǳѽ⡣
һϲطԭʲôϵһĹÿЩɫʰĽȻóޱȡ
Ťͷ飬Ȼһʵ㡭ǲǵĽʲôģ
ǵá΢΢̧ͷȻǵá
ƣǰҲ칬Щһÿ𣿡
ǰ칬ĻҪÿ
𡣡
ʯͷз磬ȼͣ
ƶֱ۴˫ϥϣɢɢؽ°ֱϡ
һʵΪʲôֻʣأ
ƫͷ㲻֪ô
ӣǰѧò̫桭
δܾԼְ𣬽췣ٶ˵Щһκܳܳʷˣѧ죬Щʷ߳ȤҲ
һΪҲǷһڷϳ⡭
ӵбػҪĽǰһǳʢǶôϿ췣ɱôϹ塭
;õ޷Ƕʷʲôĸܡ
ԭʲôΨţҲˡ
վ巢˫ţתļ򣬡һжȥǶܺãȻĽòãһῪúܺõģ
ھͿñǰҪá΢΢һЦǰĽҪһЩԭҪٵģ㵽ϡ
ǣҾǸĸǣƺٺһЦûȥе⡣
ЦÿɰȾ絭ĺΣ׶󣬿ʮֽģ
֪Ľ֮һ
ǹʹأ۾ʵƣԸȥ칬סһʱ𣿡


25

Ƽɳۿһ˫۾æͣԭҪתģûס˶٣Լ壬Ǻ˽ģҪúϢ
ƳĬһ㻹ҽ𣿡
һʱûԻ·ӦŴһҽһЩʡ
ޣаɡһڴӦ;ǸʲôʥףÿȥһĪӣƫƫ׽ˡ
û뵽ôʹشӦƬ̣͵ԣȷס
ƣҿ㻹Ǻܿ׵ģȻ㳤Щ춾Щƽͦ࣬صӣ
ʲô
ٺ٣Ҫһ֣˸ӲۣҪҿء

ǻȥ˰ɣӦѾ̸ˡ
ͷܵǰȥ
һվǺסʵΪ㲻ϲ칬Ϊʲô׾ʹӦң
߹һ·ſ˫ۺȥվ³ϵΪҲþһ
ԶıӰĿڡ
Ŀڴʻţ֮£һģʮ΢ϵһ
úܾúܾá
صԺʱѾ뿪Ժӣֻ߻Ժеǡ
˵ѽƴӦȥ칬齻һ飬ʵǺʱΪã
ߣ⣬ͿƵ˼գҲһɣȥﶼˡ
ơ
ƣھ߰
۾һ¡
ƼղǸŮ㣬ŲǺôȥʰʰһǾͳŰ
˵꣬Сܽӡ
εسһЦԼܿȴõ۾ɡ
ɫ޲Щһֱŵ顣
һ٣صͷ
𣿡
߲ؿ
Ҳûгɣٴδڵ۾ǰֳ
ԭǱˡ
߳˼ʵԼ壬û˭ҸȻʱƬԥҴδɹ۾
Ǿͺá
ƺܿţ˴ССҡ
Ĵһ߱ʣףȥĶˣ
߻δڣһԥؽ˻㻹Ҫţ
һȻȻ˭ԣô
ҡ֣ñóԡ
Ʋȥ˷вȷģ
ҷġ
ɷĺΥԱܵǴ
ǰλҵĵ۾ΪּëƤС·ģһֻ˻һֻͳȥơ
߰ڰ֣ȥȥɣһͬ㲻
һôȻǻֹģԾͲĻᡣ
Ǵ˴γõʮֵ͵ߣخʱû˭֪Ѿ뿪顣
߽нԶӰԶԶûǰƽ
һߣҲ֪ƺʱܻٻصخʱӦѾҵİ취˰գ
ƴСûô죬ȻӲͷزȥͷߣЩվȡ
ƳһۣɫسЩͷĪضһ
ŵתͷס۾
ڴһЦ
Үˣµس·Ҫˤȥұóɣ
һסļ磬ñˡ
ƣֻ˫۽壬ȣԶ״̬˿̱Ťšš
ƶţҪԼɰɣ
ҡͷ̫ˡ
һƾе㽩ֻŲ˫ȿЩ
̾һ
ôˣ
ƣƲ̫ȶǰҵƶûôεġ
𡣡״Ƴ
̧ۿ˿ͷϵǰҵǱҵġ
ЦЦҪұ㣿
գգ۾㱳𣿡

۾Ļشˣ̽Ų۾ϣһܱϡ
ĵ۾
ǰЩӻ˵ǸåȴѾôˣ
ƾӸµԴŮбҲҪ䷶Χģҵͬ屲үүҲҪעһµģǵܹǽչı֣ҾþûǸҪˣ˵ǰɣ̫/棿
һߣԼķ㡣
û˳֪ϲǸǡ
Ƶͷսߣʲôʱ򷽱㣬ܸܲҿԪһûأһܺÿԲԣ
ڷŵĻг⻰ѿڶҪ壿
ƣ˵ɶ
˵ʲôˣ
Ԫ¶ǰĺ˵Ҳÿζһʣ˳ڱͬĻش𡪡
ƤҩڸǰҲܻˣ
˵뿴Ժеǻᡣ
ƣޡҲ壬ëٿ

ƣʲôÿģ𣿡

ܷܲƪˣ
Щ٣ǰƶ仹δѾò֪١
죬۾˵ҲѡסĲӣ󣬲յؼڣ˵㶼ôˣȢ֮ǰ㿴Щ㶼ϲǲ̫СʵǷҲдδŮӵģǶûôÿ֪鲻⣿
벻һȺδŮӣ˼ѻصҶˣͲȥˡ
һΰҪǲȢޣ岻Ҫ𣿡
ռɱУʵһŮӡ
ģ룬İɣ
ʱΣУȻȷʵǷʵҲûôƷζһϵĶ԰ɣ

ƣô˵ˣ
еۣһ£𣿡
ƣҲѽ
ᵽλС̵ȷӦġ
òɣ㲻أˡ
ڰȻһͷûþſ˯ȥҲδ¡
콫ף۾˸ʲô⣿
콫ңʲôڵ۾ıϣ
Сֱ幬Ҳûѣֱ˿Ǽ᷿ҪƷ£Ȼ̸¡ƺ˸ʲô
ǰȥƿӣϤǺɵ̧Žĺ˴
ӲӵӹϡӴһվҪȴӹı˸ͷ
ӹȡһոµı̺ãСƷŽȥ
ĺͣȥخһ˾ֱӰδ˶ջؼˣ湻ġ
üȥخ˭ģ
ĺͣߡԸµġ
ܻ𳵡
һĺ͵ĻʮȷеΪһʡ
ɫѾ룬ˣضԶߣӣ׼һ²֪˶ٻҵĳ
ߵſڣĿ͵شһֱӿеɢ
ַסſһֻסǰ½
ʹӷȫǰһƬڰݵ˲״̬
˫ۣƴǿڻѪĭȥ
ĺԭڹ۲ڴλתͷȴΪĵ۾æȥѯʣôˣˣ
һܹ˵޷һСˡ
վ˲ӵСˣĺּСķסҰ͵ȥ𣿡
ͷ˿ƣֿĺͣ𣿡
ĺͣ
ҡҡͷˣôܻᡪҵ
ĺͣ־ᣬС
ѻ졣
ȻѾ겻³ǰĵһ¶֣ҪúñֲС
ûиĺʹ֡ȻУĺ;Ǹ񣬲Ҳʤޡ
ĺ;ϴ˸вˣջ崫Уõ۾⡣
յúĺվ˸˳ִӻͳһݸ۾۾ԡ̫Ϊɾܾ
ĺŭԼˮ˵˭𣿣
һǳ
ˣĺһӣԼ
ı¿ηΣĺߺߵܵһ£ȣ⽫ͷƫһ߲ȥ
һûס͵͵˵۾ۣһÿ۾ͷϹĺ顣
ĺЩ֣ô𣿲Ӧðһ𣿡
վǲ˵úأ㾿ô˵ģ
û𻰣һǺùǣĺͷԸȼ㲻ˣһʢԣҹҾعȥʰһͷҪͬ
ѵôĳͬԼĺҲɵ÷Ҫô
䵭һƳǣˡ
ĺͣʲô
һۣ飬ΪҪӹʡ
ĺͣ
Ȼ𳤱ļˣ
Ŀĺͷ̽һƣСѾͷ˯ţûȥ
Ȼ˵ΪˣýֺͷҲ֪Ϊλ
ĺ̾˿Էš


26

һֱûѡ
ĺͲòУȳԼķݣЩţ㽫ԼϿǣ˳
ôһȾ͵ȵ
峿ӾöĴת˰ûҵ۾Ըζ˳Ѿ͸ʳ˳˸⡣
ȻѾˣǺóԵġ
ʳ㣬ãڵ۾յķϣԶϴ
ճ˳Ժһ쳾м𣬹һľ޴ӡ
ǻһǸΡ
غһʵ˭
ĺδѣҳǺһ죬ȿ˸˺ѷΣ۾ƴӽſͷڵسкáǼ
ƿΣһţָϴǸҴˤСӴǸ
ĺͣ
ôϳˣ
ܹȥһƣⱨӦ˰ɣ
ǡĺͳһۣԹˣ
ƣ
Сڻ治
ĺûԼ˵ôһ䣬Цʵһ˯ÿ湻Ĺ
ǣдʣԷ˯£ÿһúúܣ
ĺ;ֵôôأͦԼθڣ˼һļϣѸٳΪľ֮
ƣôû۾

ĺͿҪҪʵ뻹ǺİϹŶһѣ㲻֪ء
շ̫飬ƶˣ۾ˣҲһնѣԭûôϢخص칬ҲǼģټֱǸĿ޵µһͨһܲá
˵Ҫõģ
еھΣֱ˲ǣ˳ֽȹһʵĶˣ
ĺͣ
ƣʲôط
ĺĵҲûȥǵطô֪ǸʲôڵǸĵط
ƣ
ĺƳһۣһһէʲô
ƣ䡭
ĺ;úЦѲ㻹Ҫȥ
ôȻΪҲ˵ģҵúúչѽ
չ
ҡһҸЦ
ۡĺŶЦÿɰЦǸʲô
˵ܵˣҪòܺðĪЦʲô
ԭĺֹסЦ䣬ǻȥ𣿡
ûôԥȥ
ʹ죬ƤȴһȻҪȥģ
ĺĵ̻ͦ
ȥ⣬ĺûָϹŶݿġ
һ߼֮ᱻ۾Ἰ£һ߲²СѾͷȥܳżͷ
ûߵһƬݲĻĵأһɫıӶֱӵǽ£ƻûʱѾܵ˴뼹ĺ䡣
չصǽһ֮УĺΣΣεءȻ۾ɧزԼʲôûôԸԼ˵
ƴ˸ʵΪʲôҪˣ岻û𣿡
ĺͽ͵ϲҲû𣬵ǻɫģǲ̵ġ
һȣô𣿡
ĺһƵؿûʹġ
ƣֲȥ
ǰùϣ˶ڣҲǲµġǷηԼûмＸΪȥܻܲδ֪
ƾԼǺϧģǵ۾Ϊ˵İǵ۾٣һ׶¡
ʿˮĺͣҽȥˣ
ĺ͵ͷȥɡ
ߵڣĺͺȻЩģǾܲˣ;Ҫǿ
Ʊӻ֣ȥɣ
ĺͲСһʱʲô⣬ڶڲߡ
ʵ칬ڱֻ֮ǵ۾ΪԼ㣬صطЩ˸ڣⶴڱֱﱱ
ڵĺ壬ޱܹܣЩѾΪ۾˽вڶ꣬ǶĴϢѰǽȥضᱻ۾Ϊơ
ĺ⣬Լˮ׼ȥ˱׼û߼͵ñƵѪӲԽ
Ʋͬԭ۾һ壬۾ΪٹޱߣҲ˺Լ


27

ûеƣڲָ
ƱΪѾʮ׼ûȥ֮û䣬ȸܵһů⣬ů⻹еĪϤ
΢ȼ˶೤ʱ䣬ɴҲ÷Ǹұǰߣŵױ滬ģߵúСġ
ұϽźı㣬ϵⶼˣס֣¸ȥƺûʲôá
ڱǼ뾡촽촽Щɡ
ʵȻĺ;ǰ˵ô֮ӣԼҲɻġʮ˵Ҫȥŵ۾ɡ
ЩνҪȥ۾ЦĻŪĺ͵ġ
ǰ֪۾ʲôĹְ룬ҲԼһЩ
֪ܹϡֵۡģֻۣ۾λɣΨһ䲻ǲĻ壬Ȼƺţһۣ֮ôûмˢӡ
쿴治˶˵ӡ
˺صˣԼܰʲôæأ
ʶأҪȥ
һƾЩ֡ıƺЩһ
Ѱı㣬ȥʱⶼճ棬ת˲ƬҲú䣬ı·Ǵӹ￪ʼݺġ
ֻڹͷ챻ˣֻȵġ
Խ߱Խ䣬أƸеǰʱܵǵůѾˡ
ӱóٶһƬڰһֱֲǰ󡪡ʱҲ̫Щ
֪˶ãڿԼһ
ӶʱϲЩǿЩٳǵ߹ȥ
ԽԽƽһյ͵ƣϡһӰ
ٿ¶۾Ŀģһ䣬ûаʻϢ·һʯϳĸ
Ȼͣ½Ų
ĪأȻһͷ
۾ԻţѾжˣ
ұ̫䣬·ԺƱûٷšֻѾˣֻܼѵһһƶ
۾һŹ⻬޺۵ıϣƿȥͷӴ濴Լ
һ澵ӣճ԰׵ɫ뷢ϵ촽´Լָ⾪һŷԼѾ˼طźѾĹͷӵˡ
ԴʮҪ˯ȥɵ۾ƺȫûвĵǾܲ˵˯ˣԼᱻ
˵۾ȼɣӦؾͲĴڣ˿Ϊʶ̫ô
µ۾һСĲ״СĵԱ
ž䣬ȫǱҲûбĵطʵվˡ
Ԥ֮еĺⲢδϮ෴أƸеӱһůڣ֫ٺ
ƫͷůƺǴӵ۾ﴫݹġ
ƵȴиŨˡ
УٻţΪʲôоԼҪˣÿγԼĺȴûа㶯أ
Ʊܵسůĵطƶһͷϡ
͵ۣ
ȷûвơ
ڴ˴չʱ·һ֣а춯ܹײ
Ʋ춯ķΧڡ
ʶȴ㹻Щ΢ʹѣƷŵһңʹʶǱ˦˻
ûиܵΣգƣ̫Ѩʹ߻ָŲͷԼϵĶ
һë׵ĺ򣬷Ӧ˰ϳǸԴ
˭֪µ
ֻ˼һ˲̾ôӴվ𣬽ػδվȣۼֿؽסƵͷ
ûı˲úޱȣ̲ס˯üͷ
ȥ̽̽ƶͷһƬ΢ŵ̾˿Уסִ
ĶҪˡ
ôᵽ
ͷһصѯʡ
Ȼش˴𰸡ĺ˸ӻ˭
ȥԺǵѲƤɣ
ʺĺһٰʮ飬Һнû漰ĺ͵ڡ
ƺǾòůƽԼɸСһ磬ƴĸ
ûȣֻס㰲
ãȻ˶Ὣͷţ߽ұѽ 
һ
ǵϯʬǳɽѪɺӵĻȻĿһͬƤʴǰʹ·ڱġ
˫ۣζɬһЦ
ôܡ
ãסƣӡĶͷ
۾ʹޱȣûסһۿ˳
һ֣ǣӽ꣬ȴʼղҳڡ
ʣҺ㡣
лҪ˵һꡣ

28

һοʱŴһѩ
ŴλϷӲѩŴʷĵһѩ
һ·ԡѪʱΪԼҪ䴩
ʱδȫΪΣһ˫չʱҪճɻҽ
Ư
ĵһӡ
֮ǰܶĴ˵Щ˵۳ģӦһĶ
ô
ѩŴˮĽҲ
룬һǵõĪĳ谮ò˵ɫ
һ̣ԭ񲢲谮Сˡ
±˴˼ϰ϶һվͬһߣȴǸСѾͷѾξ¹ڵ˫ס
ǧʼľʿȳ˳ȥΪ壬ǸСҰһֻɫķˡ
˫뿪棬Ŵˮˮʮ峺ƽ羵ӳ죬ʮֻԽĶԽǻء
˵ŴˮὫκηˮĶȥûˮףκˮеĶֹֻسȥûյ㣬û·
һһƶ׷ˮ߱㲻׷ͷС̲סҪˣͻᱻˮˣ
ǹһЦ˵һ
˫ϷУҲᡣһһ˵üᶨޱȣһڳÿһλɣøá
С´
ż
ŵסԱĸ׵֣ͷʣΪʲôҪɱ
Ůûлش⣬ֻԱСԣǻؼҡ
ȴǸƢĸĵʵΪʲôҪɱ
ߵúԶԶˮߵĺҲŻͷΪûġ
ƶǶءŶһҪӣȻȾա
ȵػͷԶһž޴ĺ򣬺򷢳۵ĺɫâӡȾ˰ա
˳°ڣ𾪵ָź򻽵ס
ǧƥУϲ˵ǧٱţ
Ǹ续Уû˵ĸ˵
ʲôٱʲôšֻ
Զĺ򻺻չסľ޴˫ػӿһѤ⣬ϸβҷҷʹԱ̫ҫۡ

ڿлȦÿһȦ㳤һԽ㯡
ʣһԵұѿڽ͵ڰȥ˫ס
ϵļʸһ㳯ȥδȫɢڿУҽʣ
ȻﲻԾֽסһƬҡҡ׹ѩ̧ͷףѩˡ
䣬ѩѾͣ
ձ˷ͷ
ԶĽʿɧеµ𶯡ǳԼˡ
ˣһѽѸԶķ򣬡ôƫƫʱ٣
Żڵı̼ɢһɳ׷Զȥ
ЩССܳܵٵ

ˣ
еĸ͵ɲס˽ţһɫϡ
ۣס䣡
æȴǵʵǲȥ𣿡
ԣһ£ȥġ
ǵҪɱȺ
ꡪ͵͵ۣĸ׶һЦ͵ˣǻ͵͵ȻؼңĽ㣬òã
áٴγķһۣ΢˶
ؼǵãһ׹ʮ˵ʼ⣬Ҳûλ㣬һٱ㾭ôף磬ȴ֮һĿ
һεԺȫΪˡ
СС׻֪Ϊκڴ
δüܿ٣һСɢʣµķ˼У΢ĽҲ˲ʣȥ׷ʲôˡ
ҹĻϲڼе½㣬ȴֻȻԼġɡףһЦת˲ʧݺݵصԼҸһۣܽٲ
ҢĪԼӣĶˣ
һЦ˵ϲǸСѾͷ
Ң󣺡ĸСѾͷ
Ǹۣ˶ѩһԣָķŵûΪûȥСѾͷء
СӣҢЦëû룬ȶ˴ģ
ϻ˵ҴչȥĶˣ
ɽܹܲؼ
Ң˳ֵһȣŽŵҪ󣬵ϵλʱˡ                        
лҪ˵ƣôãҲڷˣ

עң

29

ڶһ磬Ŀɿڴؿĸײ֪ĶһֲܵܵԴĺɽ
Ĳ꣬ССڶ࣬вף־ǣΪһЩɶţˮĺǸǲˣ˺ɽ䰲
ǣţһ·ޱӣⲻΪԼΪĸס
ɽľʢĵطȴĪһСյأĸͣһĴָĺ񣬵һԸڲϣغˡ
Խòڣ̧ͷҪȥѰĸ׵ıӰȴǰ󾪵ôˡǷŻյĵطȻһéݣ
ҳӻ֣ϡ
·ʲôˡ
סֱĿڣԵϯԴСŸĸ׵ĽŲ
ڶοڲ𷿶
㶵̧ͷŷǸСԷһѿݺݵص
ƺҲ⾰ŵƬ̲ſʵȥʲô
пָҵ˵˭
ҡҿЦõؿҹùãСʱģ㲻ǵ𣿡
ùãɵüëҵǸ¶Ĺùã
СѾͷû취ֻĽ͵ʱҼסһʱգ䲢ãʤá
ƣҽԵקǰ棬ͷ֮ǰʱδƿǣȡЦ˺һӣ㻹ǵô
˵Ȼ򣺡Ŷǿŵ

һЦԣǿŵ
ٻǣһݶ
СȴվǸĺӡ
Ҳ֪ڶԼ˵̧ͷĸһۣܿ챻ԽԽĿ⡣
˵˵ղݶʲô𣿡Сû⵽ķ
Ǹʱģ˯е©磬ֱ˲ŶϵĺȥŪŪ
Ƴһ֣ʵʲô˵ġ
Ǵģţ˭ңҾͿ
סһ
Լλķ
ͷ۵ذ̫Ѩ΢Цԣѿңղٸ㻻ֵ
󣬡ٸ㡣
⵶һĵ¿Ͽɱ񣬷йͺͺ/¶⣬ɵعϣ΢΢һ˺ļҼҲ⣬ûˣԼֻЭڱȥһϲʲô
ҪģԽԽá
룬һ񽫳˪øһֱղûóãϲ
סǰѴһس°ڣȷǰȿ𣿡
ӷʣ͵񲢷ǿСǿԡУˮÿԶͬǷ壬ǰѿˮģ˲ʣǰȴģô
˳ĬΣȴ˺ص⣺ˮ𣿡
һ㶣˿һֿԼҶӣ΢΢̾˿º͵һ壬ΣҪζԴ𣿡

ҵͷǵǰ׽̹Ĺôˮеʱ˵ʲôɻǵã
СĿĽܼǵһֲ˿ĸ׷ʣ˼ܶԴ˵ˮᣬܰݻ𡣡
οͷظúü仰
֪ĸӶڳЩʲô߰Ķصȵ뿪ȲյǰŪôСܱ仯ѽǰֻʱ򣬿ԲԲˣ
̫ߣõѪ̲ס˺벽ͷԲԲġ
رԲ

֪νӻɲģͬ˰һ䣺ĸĸԪˣ㲻ѹ𣿡
΢΢һ㶣ܿµذڰ֣ѹʲôãֲǻ
Լƺ˵˲˵ĻҪת⣬ȴҧгݵ֪Ǿ뿴ѹƫ
̧ŽһʯߵУûտ޿ûãҾҪĵػţһҶǿӺõúܣ
ЩĽؿת֮䣬ĬĬԼʱҲһأ


30

Ҳ۷Ͽһ޴
ǰһգľߡ
λཿ޵С㣬ĻĶŤ
ȴʮϲӼĵһлϲȲȥ˸˷ĵƬ
ÿõسЦһ˫۾ҲЦͬ¡
Ťͷʱϼ˿ϸϸ۾ӳڷ˿϶УĴʹЩʵʸС
ĺһ˲
۽ͷ·Ϊ̱ܵ˵ٻ˳ӵ塣
ˣѿҰɡҳ̯ơ
µıʮˬؽһĿ˳ȥ
ΪһԼҸһȳ⣬ƺǳ뵽ԼδҪλƤӵ¹еʶԼδƺҲ֪õʲô
뵽һλģĬĬʿˮ
ûע⵽ĵƣ֣ӵȻӲãǾͶְʰˣһøȣ
뵽ԼɷǸߴ͵ƺԶҪڿһҢڴвǿȴȻ˫ᣬɫ䵭Ҳࡣ
ң
ôˣ
ҲӿڵҲޡ
ҵϣ㣡
õСͷһͬ⣬򴽣ûܰѹӲסѾþûпˡ
һ֣ƺʲôܱóվǻݶڵòã©ķһҲ١
Ң´һӣĿɿڴ˭֪ϸ⻰һ㲻٣éпãһϲӲǿһӻŹ˺ҹ
ڿտۣһéëƵĻ£أȥֿⱧװһƬ͵Űӡ
ͷߡ
״һ󣬶ҵҲ̫ˣҪôңҷǵøһܲɣ
˵С쵰أֻºһЦ͵Сӹǲã۸һұû˵
ޡͷʲôƵĵӹǲãӦʹԼҲˣСȴҸЩ
佱¶һ˿ĸ׵οԺ񰮣⺢ӵȷǳ
ԼĪʱԸСҴܵڷù죬ԶԶƼæԾȥ
֣ܿ׶ĿŮӣ飬
٣ջֲϣһأ
ɷ˵ֶȥֵ岻ʲô⣬Ժ㣡
ԶԶֻǲÿɷЦЦȻԭһԭǳ˽ġ
ս죬˵֮䣬ͬ壬ҲʮֻңǶƾʵ˵򲻹ֻܰţΪĸܻһʱ޳˭֪ʱԼԪʱָΣ̥вٴͷҲվͽͣΨٸһܹȫҿڲ࣬ܰ
Щĵ׵뷨ǶɷҢҲǴδ̹¶ġ
ңһֱֻƮƮ˵ʲôζ
룬һ죬Ҳܹǿĳ̶ȣض˵㡱ĳ̶ȡ
緹ʱ֣˼УҢ˷ˣʳеɽԷ
һ֮ҢȻʮ۵ģܳɽȥҲѡҹ˾ʱ䲻ôޣʼն༸ֿСûô
ʱڲݴԱ϶ƣɻôһ
˵⻰˵ָѹʱҽڵ˵СԷ
Ϊʲô
һſں˵Ϊûü͵ؼʱѾȡ

Ĭؽӹʳнݣ˶ںãΪԼ˵ʲôнǰԷʱҲʱʱ
˼ڰ׷վ̲סƵӽõžɷԺࡣ
̧ͷӦһ
Լ󱳣½ߺߵҳôƯôµȥڣ
ͷ͵͵Ц̧ڶߣұֻ֤ҪһδԪ;մκصĲˣֻҲԲԡ
лҪ˵Ƹ裬̲סˣ
Sleepyhead - Galen Crew ú

31

һʱ䣬ڽǶҡҡ׹˽˱Сéݸװһ΢ܿùȥ߷
ʱٴοԼλ塪øĿڽйøˡ
Ң˷͵͵ܵԹ޶Ҵ뿪ʱҺȻͷøܳ㣬ˣҪ
ҾϲģЦų֣ЩҴ׽ƣ
ǰ仰Ѻ˶ִٵ΢ͷǻӦ
ڵܵУȻĸ׷ŵĻʱ糣ûа㾪ѹԼǰʾ֭ҽһ´ǡ
û˸ĸֲҲûʲôѣΪ˻ܶںɽһ֮䣬Լ˵Сӣû˭˵˵ѵûаѹô
һ·һ·ܵڱڵʯ죬гԸܹﳤõضԾסǾǾһַʽ
뷨ܿ챻ĳȥĸϧԼ˶ش⣿
ڶգ˸磬װ÷˱ʳȥ˺ɽ
δǰǻãûսʤߣֻż
պŰڶʱڱĿһﲻʣʳбڻУһζǺ¸еա
ͷϸߣѾ˯˸ٵؿţһſһССӰһ
Ϊ߳ʱģҲ⣬мͯʱڻΪΣһΪΣϵٶȱ࣬ˡ
ʵûбС࣬ȴ۵ö࣬ǣȴཱུعӤʡ
ԽԽÿɰ̲סʳָһ̫ˣ
·ëƵ֪ͣܵؼ֣߰״ĥش˯һۿߵ۽ë
һӦһֱ쵽Ťͷ׶ƿҧ㡢ʲô
¼¶ҲߣӲŤ꣬ЦСӣ㳤⸱ģ̫۸ˣ

˵ϲȴͷһ۸˵
ۺĴ𣬱һɿϲֹĻɤۣҲ˵ڡ
ãķֵطſδ̾˿ôÿһ۸
Ȼ̧ͷ
һЦ۸㣬Ϊʣ˭㳤ôÿأ
żԷԷˣ
ľȻĶﻹ仰ֲĻǰο
ԷʱҲô֣ͷ·Ǹжද֢ͯһ˫ӵĴһΣһȣһĽţҲΪĶζ
˫ϣҲӴҡҡȥס룬ŷֹ޿̵վһرȥǽǡ
ڨڨһЦ˫ŷźã֣Ҳҡˣԡ
ͷҲ̧Ĺ

Сӻѧᶥˣ
治ҡˡ
ĬһŽɵؿģ
ͷĵġ
ǹԹԶصԡ

ַ츲صػζ
ǿҲ̲ˣˤȥֱӹܵؼȥվݲֻƵȥ
ǺÿٺÿҲûڸǸƢԣ
ˣһ׽ŪԼȴԼô׾پĵ
ûãҲ˷Ա¡ͷȥ
⣬ƤչȥһֻɫģĶǰ˻Σ㡣
ûӣ㶵ʲô
ҹģɷ˵ؽקϣⶫ˿Ӳʡ
Ϊϸϸܣ㿴иأһؾͻᱻ򿪣װʮ̣ɱɣʹ¡
Ƿ˱ëϸСӲȡֻܰϼ´ڻܽʹ
ʮ̣ðʮëǵõһƤ
һЩʵ𣿡
ǣЦûûΣҼġ

ĻĶȥʮ̣
ЩʣòſڵΪʲôҪ
ˣǾҵôӺףôҲΪʲô԰ѶϡȣҲʲôǸСá
°죬·֪ôͣһĴȣҾǿ˳ۣСﲻô
ͷⲻ
Ī⵱ȻﲻǲôʲôҲǵġʡ¶
Ϊ֪˵Ǿ仰
֪˵һ򵥵ѣǲҪķġΪѣΪҪ߲һҲǷȫһ˫ִĥ
죬ضһҹա
ϧϵСǻþӨ͸ĵ⡪ϲǵˡ
һ첻µزµİɣҲϸ˹
һס󣬲תȥ
𣿡ؿ
תȥЩδɵëͷСҲôЩŭơ
ֻ֪ת
Сļʵô
Щ̲סʼƤ񣬲ôõ۵ζ
Ƭֵ̣ҿ
ƨ
ŭתԶķŲ˼磬Ϊ㳤һ̹̹ԵҾͻϵͱСһǧ꣬ԺԲƣҪǹҼ磬ѹҲǵǿŵʱ򡭡ΪҼǵǿŵͲԼ˿

ûԼ˿
ðŽǶλˣһڰֵҸˡ
Ҳˣ˭֪᲻ɫ⡭
Ƿ㡭
лҪ˵һ

32

ʵڲԸҲˣ׹㿴ա
УǡЩˣ̶ѣһӳܵһء
ƳҴӳʱֻẹ̈㵱ɵ𣿡
ƲƲ죬㲻ǡ
濴ʮֺ۸ȴǸײǽͷĻƢҲ˿
̧̧üëҪôҸΣҪô׹ΣԼѡһ
һŻδſ۵ЩζĶΥͣһ˿ɬƤɰ
һûûסȥСͷû󣬾ȻѧüëôҪĶˣ
ĬĬٴ˺һֻǰ

ǰ˵ϵ֮Ļʲô˼쵽⣬Ҫ͸ˡ
Ƥܱԭˮˮ۰͸죬㣬Ƿ·ϱҪͬտˮĲһԴðˡ
һ½͵ҡ㡢Ǹ㲻ѡ¡Ǹҿ˿С
Ť󣬷Щ˵ѪѾˡ
һʲôҲûУѾͷҲǴֵ˼¡
һָȥҪ˹ȻιСܲаﲻǲޡ
˵
ЩŭҲ֪ôģİ˵
һģվڽ͵ˣķ̫οֻƤˡ
ľսƤˡ
鴫һñ˿һҲʹˡ
֣δתԼһ㡣
һˣһ˫ֻŵ÷Աⱻ
ѣ˾лǸغãҪ
תȥͷڷЩƣҪ۾ҪΪιȥˡ
ôŲȥѵýŵϸ
û£Ъһͺá˶٣ֵޣû취ȫΪҽãֹֻʹټҽΣҹ˯ʱעⲻҪ˴
һΪ˺ܿء
ЩͣҲ֪ԼֻѣҾ͡
ˣµһضҪùãæֹҲʹҲ
Ҳûбİ취СƵص
û壬ʵ˵ʲô
ûȵش𣬱СĶֱͨ죬úЦ˵ƤŲõôһ죿Ѫ壬Ҳ𣿶Ҳû˵ʲô
ס䣬ϾȻɵΪѪɫġ
һ˫²ôʱʮֺʹ±һƨɣ˭ɵأ
һ
һˣձƨҲʵ̫ˡ
˼û÷οҪըˡ
ǣ򲻹СѾͷ
֪ػζǰǾ仰ո˵бķʲô
һһָŲԶϵһֻԼëʵ㿴ڸʲô
ƵĿȻë
ͷЦ
ʲô
ֿ뵽ŵ̸ʱȻ͵վ
㡭ָûڣԭض˼ȦƵغƤҪЩòôԡ
û죬ֻܵ·ڲԭҡҡ׹СӶˣæ˵أ׷ҪԻסͷԼҪʡ
һۣССͣﶼʲô
뷴־ԼƺȷʵЩ̧˸ֹսơ
ϴϡǵƺҲƹˣ֪Ҳǹ׽ŪԼдԭ
֮ʱúܿ죬תûؼҵʱ
ɫѲڣҪݴԣȻͣ²ӻͷʵģÿնҡ
ûǻҲûж
ãǰԲʵΪʲôԼʲôʱܹ뿪
ĺɫ￴ı飬ֱЦһ¡
뿪ʱȻ뿪ѽҲûá
ͷ̧ţ˵ҵһۼ㣬;С
ŴˮߵһμΣ˫۾ҪˣаС
δֻҲǡ
ãͷһů⻹ûüɢ㱻ûɫһڴϣΪǰĵ

ô


33

ɽܵһƬһյҲûУòұڲȥȴܵڱסˣ
ĸ綼ܽ棬˵Լĵ
Ǽͣܵȥա
̾˿ڣʳұ£ҲûǱʲôٵһԼ͵˯ˣôһͷһȴܿ챻ҡͷεغɽָҪȡЦʲô
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ԺۻƵ˺üΣڲԼ͸˿
Դｬһ㻹δȫתʼо˭ؽʮϤζĴ󵨵س˯ȥȷ˯ûҪȡ
ڶʱԼСϡŻεһȦӰҲûһεãȴɿ״ɢһأŵļֻ˺ɼƬԱ߼Ͼ㻮ĵۣȻǴ򶷹ĺۼ
Ŀꡣ
ǵĺУһʱ֮侹ŵЩ¡
ҹܵڱ⣬㾰󣬺뵽һ档
һ飬Űΰѵ״̬̼ɢ˸ɾޱȡ
ԷȥŷԼʱûע⣬иģݵܣټԺӾһҲޣ
ΨһδݱԼǸСӡ
ڴߣ޹ģԼ侲ҹʲôΡʵڻ벻ˣΨһǵõıǸůĻ׽ġ
²⣺ѵ±۷ˣֻߡ˳۵ʲôѱҪƲõô
ľȻһֽв²ƷˣôỹأȻԼڼУ˵ﻹ㰲ȫֻǲ֪ΪǰҲ
뵽͵վ½Լӷ˸飬ͷ¿
ղڣĪ¡
˿ԭǶʲô۶ӣҲ֡
һĸշȴֱһ仰Ӳɤۡ
ýͻرӡлδʰȥɽסհգҲиϡ

˰ûףȥɽǱϣȥӣ
˭ܣ
ɲԷô˯ĵطܵаգǰƨɴС߷˯˯ſڣ
ȻƺԴԺ׾ͶԼôˣ˵һ䡰㡱Ǳױ㻹İԼ㣬ΪչԼƵģǻħδ֪ʱһǸģҲܷŵģ
˵Ҳ֣ĸǿ׳оһƫƫǲӣ粻ֲܿᣬ޲ǧ껹ǸͯģȥǱ۸ǱǸ۸ƯҲ۸ĸ׵ľ뻢ڣ
ԽԽԼġ
룬ȻʰüյƷ˸ԹԵɽȥ
ʵףĸ˵ʲôлֻǱڣԭʹңҲסȥ֮ԲڼУΪǶڼʱЩǰĸܵǱ˹뷽跨ĥԼ
ĿͷûԹĸʱǽһߵģ˸ǲ֪ǲĵﾹȻˡ
߳ܵؼᳵ·С߷ߣԶԶģӰӣȻĺӲ֪ĸ۵Сһ£ԭϵڲϵĺʯӦˣݴһʱûټ
̧ͷһۣȴԭС߷ĵطûеһʱƬյأΧһ㣬ܼøߴľѾ֪С߷ķλ˿̶Ȼ·
ǺʱģģΪκȻҪı
ûü룬ѰҺ΢ûǿǹƬþġ
´ʯֿǶ߷ߵýˣŷС߷֪ʱѾ˴߷ԭƺΪ׼ġ
ҵӣĵΪʲôڡı
ؾվſӭֵ߽ǵĴӣ
ǡǡǵͨ졣
ӡǶһһСӣǽŵĲſȡҪסͬһ£治֪Ӧԡ
Щ꣬ϾǽˡйŮʵڲá
ȴ·δ뵽һ㣬ֻǸˣǰǰת˸飬ڴƺҪ۾ɳ
ȻЩᡣ
Ȼһв뿴ÿһαװƤٽҲżȻôһʱ̣ļį뱯ʹӷ϶йЦŵġ
ôĺӣĸڸĸǵػţҲֻȥټûĸط鴦
һŨŨı飬Ɐ鷽ð˸ûüӰӣ㱻һ仰˻ȥҶӶˡ

ɶ
ûӦ˳ƨһƣظҶӶˣûзô

Ϲ۲ſ
Ҳ֮У̾һͳ˫ڹиֵʳġ
̾ǰѳ˰
û
̾û뵽㻹
߳ӣڷǰյϼɵʵΪڼӦܳ谮ŶԣôЩô
ˮǺùǣʻ˼Ʈǰʱų̂ߣȴӲǱҢվڶľѧҾһྐྵӿ֡
ʱǲ׵ĵô˵ţ
ŶˣʱҢһвһָ׵ƼûУӺⶥأھ͵þڳգôõţ
վڵûƶͻӽһȴֻţðⱲӾ벻³ŮӴ򽻵
ϧܲô⣬ⱲӽӴĵһͬŮԱСħ˵³ˣԸѣ̫߳ˡ
ЩһҲ͸¶ġɼ˵һμʱޣԼڷÿԼԼûа˼Ǵûʲôϱһࡪǲּô
߹հһٻͷȴѲСѾͷӰôտԼĹŽ˽׵׷Ƶ𣺡㿴
Ӧȥʱסˡ
ãȻ޿κεţ컹Ǳ˰գԴһۼǰСѾͷԼͲôЩ컵˼żᱻϣȴٴļ仰򼸸ôź˿زţҲҪһֱȥˡ
лҪ˵ǣˣ

34

ƽϷµزôúõһȹӱŪģɫ˰죬ǰ᲻֧ʹԼϴѣͼһµġ
ȹǳɫǰǼ޵ö࣬ȹһֻѤĿķˣĶչ
ԭͰ׵üûɫҪҫĿɫʳһģԵ촽Խ
˺ôһŽԼĿ˺һĹضǰĹĮȻȹأô
ûش⣬Ƶǰڰʵÿô
ÿͷҲ̧еؽŹȹȥĶˣ
ɨˣתԱߵľͷ׮һ𰡣˶ûû
Цһô죿
ô죬ϴ£½ţؿûļһ
ЩȣĵȻûʹԼˡ
ʱżԽżĦţΪԼͻݵСæˡ
緹ֻиһҶ࣬˾;ûθڣһ̣ˮģζûô԰
䣬ͷ΢΢죬֪ôûģƽҪºͼֵؽ͵ϲ˳Ե̫壬಻ѳԣԣ
۾γʱ˼ڴȻķֵؾԼе㲻Ƕͷ˺üڹѰ׵࣬ȴûǰζ
ʱ˼Σƺ˱ʲôϣȲ˾ζҲ̫嵭ʮˬڵĺóԡ
˶٣ƵĹֽ˸⣬ת˹سŷʣСʵô
Ĭؽӹ룬ĵ³ʲôһʹˣǺúܡ
룬緹ȴûԸ˻磬극ǰݵһȻ鼫õϴϴһԶݴе׽˸⡣
ò״ŻὫûϴ붼ϴˣȴҡһҰƣͻشѵ˵һЩС˺òãôãһúܺóԶԲԣ
ŸķƤҲһֻˡ
û⡣
ԭֻޣС֮ĶùһƹܣƺϹܲסԼ졭ԣʼʱý˹ȨĽӣЩС˱ӻ֮ЩòɾɵСͲ֪Ҫ˭Ķˡ
ǰ˭ҲϽһ
̾˿ֻҪסһգֻܳˡ
ڳû塣
ʵܹ֮ȥģһúܺãΪ澫տҲΪԶ볾ԽƮƮ
ϣܽڸ֮Ҳ߯ĥٹķڳ֮Ҳ̲סҪմȾЩοЩΪ񣬴ӲҪʲôɵϹ塣
һƽʱԭʮ²Żһһ٣ԴԺǼҲһٶٲ䣬ǻĻصģҪŪʲôӡ
ôһ룬Ǹ᲻Լܰίɡ
תĻȴʢúܣƴʰԼϷǣòУҲʵڲһѰ׵ʲôÿģδסĴݲУźǷ˷
ȣʮ𾢵ظĶʲôǣҲǷˣ㰲
ڵʱйĪ·һ뿪Եø룬ɵʱ񡣵Ҳ룬ԭʮĿòһʳ̻ĸ߹Ů̲ספͣȴΨƵĲҿ֡
תͷںڰпĲӰͦȴıӣԲߣ¹ӳˮٵ۾бļ˿޷ճңԶİӰӡ
ҹɫ֮УȻڣƷصخҲô
һδشԴ̾Ϣ˵ҳô󣬻δȥخء
תͷһЦʵ˵خ𣿡
Ϣ֮ءȻ֪ģɴʱȴ֪ش
Ĵ𰸣ԹԵ˼ĸ˵خֽзɽﳤ˺ܶܶͩһļ಻ܣиָÿЪϢخܱǹޱߵڤֻҪϽһ⣬ǿĵҲ޷̤벽˵һ̶Ƿĵط÷ʢһ̶׳ۡ
ع񣬺ȻһҺȥ
⧲δӦȴʮɼį˵Ǿ仰еĻֿںһҲĲ
۾˵гһܻȥ𣿡
õȥʣһ𡪡ȥҪȥأҲļҡ
⸱ģԸ۸ôʱǿģһҲΪЩ鷳ġ
ʵڲʺı飬͸ģġ
Ťͷ̿ðβӲȥġ
˶٣ֵһգʮַر˽ӻȥʱ򡪡
ȻؿŲ仰ʱǰ̶Ľժ˳ԣҲû˭㡣
ⷬЩݺݵģȴЦˣִ˴ƵÿĶ͵ģԵġժʲô±źô
û𻰣ȴ֮䴥кӶ᲻뿪ϵ˱˻Ե˵һкӣôܳôҪ۸ġ
ƴѹķӿסû
ȴþյĵ񲻶ȴûзЦҭС

ˣ
ѽſվ˸֫ӯ΢΢䣬һϣߣ˯
Ͳסˣ³һһˡģҲûӦ㷭أһգ۽ӡ
˫ֻδüŻĿɿڴƬ̣ЦҲûСô
Է˯׽Ƶƽ޲عʮգڼǶԱ˵һؼҵһ¾ǹúòá
ЦƳһۣõúܣ
۽΢ɼһ顪ЩΪ˲ԺɽĻŷظŪʳԼССͷͺˣȻúòã
ܲô
ҷ·ʱԼиӣο˼䣬Ң󡭡ҲûʶԼиӡ
ؼңĻڿԽˣȴҵһЩû꣬סգߵ鶼ˣױǳȥ
˵ǡǡ
ɵ̧ͷĸһۣŷƺӷſʼĸ׵üͷû
ʲô֮Ҳߵ̫أ
ʱᣬҲԸ˼ȥֻԼҪʲô·ˡ


35

ҢƺʮҪ飬˼ͣؿʼݲôι̵СݣΧ綼ӹһ
ٴеģ̲סƽӹӣʱʮģ֪¶ʣкȻɵһҲδʳڡ
ô໰Ҳûʡ
Ȼ֪ôȴǾ˲٣ĸԶʱʱ򶼴ҲôʱǲܴŵģʱҢöɥö۸֮Ȼѡߡ
ֻڸʱƬ̣ܿͻָ糣ûôĸ뿪·ϣֵؿæµ
һֵĪ⣬Ҫ˺ЩõؽӣԶҪڷܱ߲ʯ
ҿЦõؿŪĵСѾͷƽʱȻѧղҲǲȫ㱻ŪĲȱ󷨣ֻɾСӡ
ڣȴ֪ΪԼҲȻЩҢһͨľΪ飬ڽⲼ󷨡
һֱϦ£ϸϸһ飬ŷ
ҢսپҲ뿪̫ã㲻ġ
ҵһۣĵһľƣ˵ҲҪøɾ⻰û˵ڣ֪䲻㳤վǸӣδ뿪ĸôã֪㲻ϰַſǺãοЩ飬Ҳ֪ġ
ʱҢһͳʮССҽУЩӲҪԣӹǱͲãǧҪڼӶ
ЩҴһ̫أûסȫڵϣڰգ䲻ҢĻȵؿȥĳĿ˵
һ֪Ҫ¶ڣĶ˼ʲôҢǸ𣬲𽥳ҹɫ˽磬գѰӰ
ƺҪϽԼ׷ŵĻҲ㣬ԴЦû¶أ
ͻȻôһĪĻе£ԭûôһҲϰ
ѾˣٴҪ׷ʣȴû˶
߾߰ɣѾסʮ죬ٶ༸Ҳ޷
ţĬĬʮҰԼķ䣬һһ
ʮУһֻһЩģֽȥľƷһģѡһտЩĵطСĽƷȡۼǱѹСĶȡȥ˲󣬽ռȥһ룬㽫ԱߵһСľʼ顣
ľָԭȥӣĿһ»ɵ鼮ټһ
̾˿˵Լڼԭ治˵˵
ַ˷ִ󲿷鼮ЩǿĽ֮࣬ЩǷ룬Щ̫õģҳȱʧ˲١
ӣַ˷ңװεʳĵģҲװģװҩĵģ󼸸ִңװĻ顭ǰȫǽ飬ȫķģȫʷżģһʳҽ֮ࡪǰѼв鶼˹
һǷķʱ㶣ȻЩô鼮ķҲУǾҪȥʲôҪ뿪ã
ȥȴվԺз㶣ƺڵȴǲǳɫһɨգǸʲôںЦʵʰˣǸҵģ
ͣ£ҲȥҸĶ
ָʹźãվûס̽˵ʲô𣿡
û˵ɶմںõĹ˸ƻУһ߽һ߿ڳݲصҺúչ㣡
չңһȴ֪͸͸ֻ̾Ժȥ
ǰԭֻһƬղݵأҾЩյ㽫ԼԺʯʯʰ˹´һʹʱסСô
ʱʯǰţҲ˫ֳʯϴսЦôһǻҪöĽأ˵󻹵ΪͶҺһ㣬Цһ
˵Ҫá˵ʲôΪ֮ĲĻüʲôΪ˵
ЦһҾ͸˵ġ
ۼҪ֣æͷ㿪һһһӲЦݡ
Цúó󣡡
۰׵ɫʱֱˣ˵Ǻ죬ֻһӣ˷
룺򣬽ҹԼûˡ
˭֪ûãһԲسһ࣬ҲԹҨһʯǰˣȻֳĬضһϴ롣
ʮԾظԼʢһ룬껹ƨߵߵؽԱߡûȴӹϴˡ
ֱֵ̫۸ˣ
ЦһȻҲѵʵǲ˭ǰôһģǲ۸㣿
۽ޣ֪ô۸ҵģ
ùöͬҽˡ
һһ󣬼Ϊ߳ܵؽ졣
ȴϷŹЩǿӲصӱʲôãֱ⣬ЩôԸģʮǧرȥ
һ𣬱ת˲任˸ף·ղ˵ĻǻþƵģƬֲ̣ңñ۸㣬֪֪
̲סЦЦ㻹Ե
ԺԺĶʰãɵ˴ϡڣǽʱ֮ңǽãýȴ˴˿Ҳ
һ˸泯ƣ˫ƽطڸһΪн˯
һҹ˯òôȣԺѪ⣬ĸԶһǰһֻܿһӰӣԺֻʣһüͷǵؿ
ϴһѯʣôˣ
Ӧһŷȷȷʵʵܽǰһ
Ȼ𣬶ͷͷϣʹţﱧԹ¸ͣ
Ŷͷʵôˣ
ﻹڴشû֪ʲôʱô˯ˣĺ㣬㻹ײң
Բ𡭡جΣһʱûӦ
جˣŶͷЩʲôجˣ
ҡ
ڣɤеϣʿˮŽŵμҵĸĸ塭ȥˡ
֪뵽Ȼһ
ɻؿȴԼûôһɫĵû£һجζѣʵǷġ˶٣ֽӵجݳ棬ҲЩ͸ȥù޹ء
⻰ﶼֵֹģ·֪ЩʲôƵģѵĸ׵ʱ˵ʲô˵Ĵô
лҪ˵յڶ

36

ʮ죬ûκζ·һСƬطƵġȵЩǣû¶͵ȥεһȦвվסû˵
һҲȥˣżűȻԱһԼӶˤȥһⶼ練˻
Ȱ䣬ϰԺ֪Ƥֲ֣ƤҲƣԹŶྐྵӣˤ
˵£ڰ಻ס緹ΪвҪĸ˵Ļ类ҴԤʱƵظĸܻ뿪üʵ顣
һ󰲾ʲôҲû˵ػݽԼһʱЩΪʪ΢΢ù鼮ȫֲ֪Ķһž޴ıľڵϣЩ鰤ŷźɹ
˾ʵͻȻǷʲô裿
Դһ糿ʣǰһգ䵭ķ
䣬ȴϵĽ𽣷ģЩҧгݡ
һһ磬мҲûͣһҪļƣǰǿӲֶĽŭǼ겻ôһⱲӶ˵أҪҪˣ㻹ֻģ
ûҪҪŭܣȴƽ޲˵öԣûиĸҲʲô˵£ȻǲҪˣҾԼŬܲһָ˱
Ұһ˵ĶʲôһǽûԹĿͷ
ŽƨһģĵԶ˼˹һ׷Ľˮй
ϣؽһӣûŽнٿԼǽʲôһͷѧЩСɦŪôһûУ
ԭзƣһ±̧𽣼˼ŭȫȷŵĻȭȿĶˡ
ͷʯۿʱʱָ㼸䡣
ʵҲֻ棬ʲôҲָ߰غǼ仰ȻʶǰСȻƫᣬȴǾǿģǰָʲô£һ߻ħûǸ
Ӻ飬Ķһͼǵãֻǲ㣬ûûҹһʱգҲôӡſԿʼϰķˣȥļϰſȥҪһʺĻķ
ܾͷǽǷһƬ̺ۣǿ̺飬ۼǳһȿһЩȫĨ¿̣Щӡӡ
ϳһѡõ飬ײӭɵ΢΢һ㶡
˿еĶʵķ
ͷĬƬ̣վʵǽϣ̵ĶЩʲô
ޱӹе飬ӡ
ûʲô
ӡԭѾ˼ʱͷŵӡ
СС̾һȻƺȷѾǵ˶á
Ϊÿնʱȥܳһʱ䣬붨һʱ䣬¡˴ʱ˵ڼ¼ǴӣоûжãҢ뿪Ŀ·ա
ȥʵûУ˶ˣ
ʯϣ˶٣̧ͷɫЩӵ
Ƭ̣Ŵٶʮһꡣ
ΪԼˣŵ˵ã
ٶʮһꡣظһ飬˼䣬ѾĳüΣͷβ˸ˡ
ġ֮У૵㾹ȻٶĽ
һ˵
Ŷеһѵģ㻹ǵķһΡ
ʵûԻ·ô߷תһעȻһסֱۡ
ȵصɴ۾οص˵ͷҵĵ/£СҲ˺Ӻˡ
⻰ĸЩ˵ζĬֱۣתȥ
Ц˼ˡ
Ȼ֮뵽ʲôü
һʾʵڡ
һùߵʱ򣬹ù˵ǵҪüŻġ
֪߹ҡ
ǡѵúǽǹùû˵ܻ
žһ죬佫ʯϵڵء
µؽֻһ֡
ôż
Цһ˵ҪܻʮϣڽϴһҹƴôҪȥաԺҾҲżˡҵĽ磬ܴô
ҡҡͷ
׵ԣ򲻿Ҹ򲻿ףżҲûáֻܴոһյֱһҵĸףȻ򿪽磬Լ߳ȥɶɽ棬ʺ㲻ҲһôֱղŻΪֻһ꣬ô
Զԡ
ǧҲãҲáͷЩᣬ
ƺǰ̫ͬˡ
ЩǳϦദҲԭʹû취ע⵽һЩ΢С仯֪յ΢С仯۵һʱѾ츲ء˲١
СͳȣСʱĳȶֻϣȫװģڣĳȷ·ӹɢһЩĻĳȡ
֮⣬Ϊӹ̫ѹƣٳٲʱյ˺ԵЧѾúܸߣҪȻǵ÷ڲ֮ǰԼһءԽԽˡ
ȻԼƺܾûдˣʱϸϸ۲죬㷢ӤʶѾʧӰ٣ȡ֮ǷȴֲԵùڷ
ǳúܺÿ
ĪһɡŮɡĳ
زȥԱߣĳϰķұû취ٽˣΪķǲβ͸ģô⣬һָܸһ
ⷬһĲ˵Ѿʮ۽ǳ˳飬ȴû˵
ֻ㸸ĸ顭ҲҪżǱʲôסˣҲ֪ǵɵģʱգۼţǧģʲô¶
Ҳż̲סҪżҲôȥԺ˵ȻѾȥΨһǺúô
ţͷ˵öԡ
һġӿɽҲθֱˮָߡ
һͷ뿪صнշš
Ťͷһۣ΢΢Щ졪ֱչˡ
ǰղűչء
ҳԼ˵ĻȻЩʲô˼ٴοӡ
ͷֿ
ֻܴոһյֱһҵĸףȻ򿪽磬Լ߳ȥ


37

ٶʮһ꣬ʲô鶼üһˡ
ǼѰնڵǸĸ᲻ʲô顣
ӵһ꣬꣬ʮ꣬ʲôҲûȵȣЩ֪ʱ伸ΡҲǣѱһΪľʲôϲ󱯵ˡ
ҢʱǵĻΧЩ̫ױ֣վҲûء
ʱССһոһˮҢļ飬ʼСػÿЩζͬ飬Ҳӻ˹ȥʮ⣬δаԹԣʵԭӸ롣
ʮꡣ
չȻǷɿ죬˵κ绹кܳԶһ·ҲѾ˼ʹȥҲܸܵ仯ĳ̶ȣԵܵвʱԺпվϲ䱸࣬һʮ㾯Ķ
ԭݵϣ⸱ģɵһЦûиܳκΣգ㲻˽š
ƳһУҪ˵ʲôкȻһƬӰתͷȥ겻ĸס
˺ܶࡣ
ҢԭθߴּһֱӰεİɴ˿ϢյƽȣһҲһİɫϡλ߲ŻеĴЩĮӵĿݡ
ûĿƵ׵½ϣſҢˮɫɫ˿һֻӴ룬צֱڴͣ·һҪץҢĲӡ
һڼˮȴҲῴǱЩ۵ķΣݣһηҢ˿ϴڱķΡ
ӹۣȫǲţȴٳûһʡ
ȴûô˼Ң㻶˹ȥøǿɵþ
ʵСѾͷҢĴҲΣ·죬˭úܿ죬ҢȻһСӼ⣬ԭתһȦЦȾ˰ɣʹǻؼȥ
ǰⷢչ̫Լ뿪ִ֪꣬һҲӦ˫ȻͿкпοһʰϤĸое֫Ӵ
ỹδ˼еϱһҢջ֣οӹǲЩû͵
Ңſ˫֣õ
ʶϾϷƵĿתĿͷıԼҲûҢĿбӵֱԼסٶСȥһţͷβҲûͬջҢ󽲡
ٶ꣬£Ҳ꣬ǼɽҲ㹻ٶꡣ
ʱûжļ佻ҲΪͽģ㽫ƴһƬ£ͬʱֵһٶӲʴӲ̽ŵôãȻȻȴʲô鶼û
οʱ뿪ʱô˵ģ죿ꣿôȥǾһ㶼ԼĵǼ尾
ûûôûûΡֲǲĸεѾͷƬӡ
Ңû뵽겻ĶӾԴһʱû˷ӣ޿κεԭء
һ֪ڷʲôƢʵùأ
ҢյͷЩ£
ޣͷԺŰգָָЩϸĶøùùóС
Ңױʾ⡣
һĬ֮Ȼʵ֪뿪˶𣿡
⡭Ңͷ˰죬ŵƺٶ˰գ
ʮһ꣬İˡЦ˵ĻȴЩˣȻ֪ǴʲôԣΪĸ˵ɣʵڲְ̫
Ңû߰Ǿ仰ɵ¶ֲ֮ɫˣֻǰҲ֪ǰΡǴȫģԡ
ЩӲЩһͰա
ҢСѾͷһһŻϲعȴַ·˸꣬뷢ʣѾԷֻͣתһעѹҪҪǲ˵ǶһŲţ
겻ԭͲôµСѾͷƺԼˣҢһ˵ĺһ˵ģĸͷ۵ر졣


38

ҹ˰ʱŵһǰα֪ʲô飬ݺҢһۣͷǰ̽ƣžȻû
ЦЦǵԼȥοء
СϣǴǰԭȵģѾһأһľţʲݵƴڴβ
Ӷôһˡ̲סᣬΣڶԺؼĴ˿Ũ
ǰȥļܵԭĹͷѾʮع£ļһɬ
úӣ׻ˣ㲻תͷ𣿡
ͷڱصʲôˣϡôô
˵ﻰҺ˹ЩʵЩ꣬׺ɿԵģǽͣòã
ؿ͡
º͵ؽЩľһ飬˵մȫȼȥ
ܳһʱ嶼ˮݵ״̬һʱͬη֮Щ˽˶Թ֮佣ŵĹϵŵ˶㣬ʮҪǣı£СȴϲһλͶϣ˫˫˽һŮ
һֻˣɫ棬Ŵ˴ŭԱضҪСҰ֣ɱ׷ɱ꣬ȻҲ̲׷ɱϣݵشһŴˮ׷һڣС뽫Ϊ˻Ů׷棬ΪԭЩΪҪܷɣ֪ת˲ЩΪһ֮赲ǧĳ档
֮һ֣ҢǰѰ͵͵˻Ӵʧˣ۽ΪҪô٣ҪôǳصΪڷɣ׷֮ݵĽ˲𣬵˱֮ǰӶӵĵز
ʹʧŮȫϣٱѡʱؼҿһưܾ󲢷ʲôΪָҢܵܽúûãܵǼзһͨƢ۱սҢһͬսʮա
ΪʧȥŮ̫ʹĵԵʣû÷۱ԲڴҲϢ꣬ûսʱȴһ֧۵ģһȴñҲأսݣʼҲû
Ң翴Ҳ֪ԼҸһΪжԱվ۵Ķ棬ɡҢϵѪֵ²ż汸Ǻܿȫ£󣬴Ҫֱӽϵλļơ
ӣһѰϲ۸ʱ㿪ʼ۳⣬ΪʣҢȨ֪Ң׼߶ҲӰӡ
һұ꣬ۼĵؽ綼˸飬ȴûʶҢѾĻµĵĻҲ֣ϾҲû˭ܱҢΪǳӣλҲֲȥ
û뷨ĥҢ󣬺ڶоգսߵ۹Ԫ
̾˿۵ӱͲãһս˲٣ԭΪܻ꣬˭֪ýӲǳٶ뿪תͷҲֱ֪ӣǿҲ߱һ¡
ΪʲôңƽƤ²һ˳㷭ڵģʼЪ˹ѵǾûƬʱܹһ𣿣
ҴͷŲ֪գɽǰѲߵĽʿ
һԭЩذ¶ȹô
Ҳûʲôֱˡ
̾һתǽ棬߰ɣԼ
վߵſڣĸһζżҲܹؼգ𣿡
ûʲôص֪
ػұеĸԼǽˣֻǶٻҪһŤ㲻ٶԣš
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˿Ƭ̣վûʲôģǰȥһ˱ӣ̧һƨϣͷ͵ˣΪԼСӡ
ļ򣬿漸ֱ㿨˺
СүȻˡ
ЩЦãϲ
ط佫ɾޱǰա
ô꣬һΪ㳤ˡ˳ڴһһֻϥڴߣ֮ǰҿ㲻ͦô
ϥǣ૵ʱ򡭡Ϊǲˡ
ΪӴΪΪ棬Īֱˡ
һĪڻǺһ׮ô
ʮȻصϲ

ûʲô⡣
վƨɣУûȥ
ôοԼΪԼȥ
֪ôġ
˰̫Ѩǵ̫ҲӲ˳ʦˡ
⻰ץ䣬Цʦְҵɱ̫ˣԺ㣡


39

ûܳԵ㣬ΪҪԷʱ䣬ȫ˰ϡ
ΪԼֻǻظңû뵽ǰ̫ӵĹǰӭӣ˾Щˡһ磬ͿɽгӭӶ飬һֱ쵽ɽ£ҪƵɽٻؼҡ
;УԼǼλ֣ײδôΪһλֻ̧ͷЦһ¡
嶼ûƵģûκɧҢѾ鴦ˡ
һǸңֻǴñøЩ¡һ۾סĵطڸûʣҢÿ̫󣬸ɴ൱չ԰˭롣
»Ӧúܿ죬ֻǸ̾˼䷿֮Ļ־ƴڻ
ıŤҲûֵ̫ãΪҢҿæû飬˫˫Ӱ
ֱ͸ˣλۺŻصУڴڵǡ
Ң󻹲֪ôͷƴʹɫ
֪δȵҿڣѾվ롭һ¡
⻰Ңܽӣ̻Ӧʲô˵ʲôض֪޲𡱵Ŀ׻־ԵЩ֣ʻ˶
Ƭ̣ʵǱߡΣ
һ£Ңϰڳ̸ļƣҼĵÿ㽫ӶˣϢ뿪
Ң󣺡ѾֹսˡǰѾǩЭ飬ŴˮΪ磬ǾخӴ˾ˮˮϣʱʹϵͣ˫ڿԽŴͨٺòˡ
ĬĬţֱҢ˵꣬ŵ֪ʵĲ
֪СѾͷҢ˶٣ЩΪѵص彻ãֻҪۻһǸλãܻصخ㲻֪ǷǸʯĳҲϳ
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ŤͷҹգЩصϲģѲɻܱǻó
Ң󣺡
ڵЩ꣬ӾЩʲô˵ô
˵꣬ת˸һطЪϢˡ
Ң󣺡ŶŶȥɡ
ȻδʵʵػطЪϢǴܵ˷خķС
ιʲôأ֪ĶðɵԾԣٶǰ㣬ڷ
롭ҹ紵Щ翣Ѿؼˣʲôʱܻؼҡ
һ㶣Цͻȥ
ͷðŷӦ˵ǸҡָǸңĸĸǸҡ
֪ǶûУһȥ˳ǰĶһļ磬һȥ
ͷá
ڶһ磬Ҵ˸棬㽫û˯ȺĴϰǰļȥ
֮ǰѧʱֻһСƬУɻʮֲֻͬһ䣬˫ֽץļ磬Ҳ
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СӾȻûֻʧޣҡҡ׹
棬ԼȥһʱװùĹҡ
Ĵһ߹һߴչȥˣҪȥһȦ
һۣȥ
ʵСʱסô꣬ûȥٺһЦ˵иطȣɫƯúܣסŸʲôҽңһֱȥ㲻ȥǶиڳ˼ֻʶе£Ӧúϲ㲻ȥʶʶ
Щ仯ȻܸȤʲôط
Ҳûȥȥʾ֪
뱱ı߽һƬɽԽƬɽ뵽ڡ
һ޼ʵıԭչҫ´̵۾ۡ
סڱɲ࣬ϰʱһңһ·ѯʣڵ˻طȡ
뱱ĵطͬ·һ࣬ƽװεضһȦ͵ɽȺɽΧŸСƽԭ㱻Ϊطȡ
Цɽһ񱱺ķ񣬵ǴŲġ
ΪȻص˵ͷ
ٽطʱ޷ټˣϿնڽڣֻñȽͷ䵽ɽ¡
ͽɽһ·ľɫȷʵʤգɽַ࣬Ҷµţɽ侫ڶ࣬𱱺ĵطֱԳƵǳ֡
ɽһƳ㿴طȵƬƽԭŸɫʻӭ絴纣ûڻеļСӡ
ζǺô˸磬űӵô໨ҽұǻɣ
ͬ˼ɣʲô֡
ص˽ۣӡ
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ҪʵһסѲݸ壬ѿھԱλСӹǰһҽǡ
Сҩͯͷòһֵ롣
ﻹǲŶ
һ䵭عȥÿ޳ܣŻѴ˼ɾ
üƬúܲԼʱСҩͯͣһǰөʥ棬λС˵꣬λСҩͯŤͷߡ
өʥֻͦô㻨ӵ˼ǰɣ
֪ʲôû𻰡
ڵһյ͵ƣڿռ̫ʹԵġ
սӣͱ˱Ƕҩζҭһ£ڱǰȣĴڽһӰ
Ӱ΢ͣǹĵһҩӣͷҲصصλԺ
Ǵ˵еөʥˡ
ͷףɫ£һһ٣·ǳ
ббؿӣ
̨
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ûɷөʥѾĿͣϣЦʵλСӿɣ
ɴ۾ô֪תͷһ㻹в顣
Ŀ޶ãөʥòػصʵʵ֪ȱһֱڵ֮СǰţⲢǿֻǾطǰݷá
Ŷөʥ˼صͷҲûֻ͸ζЦⲡôҲûá
һ㡣
ǰ˵Ǹ˼ֻʱȽû⣬ڶѾʼķˣѵʲôë
ҲһĪֻõͷʥָ̡
һ㴦ҩҽ̸˵ʵڲ˵ָһʡөʥСҩӷ·˸ů¯ҲʮֻֿСⲡʵڲףĸĸδˡ
ĸһֻ˵Ҷϰ֮
өʥҡҡͷСӵĲ徭֮ͨα겻αǴϰķСӵ̫
ʥĻ˵ˣȻôصĲùǾȻ£
ȴֻǴţ
өʥ˰֣԰꣬λСӵĸĸǲģǡⲡķֻһⷨӣҲȷֵؿһ
л̵ʵʲôӣ
өʥƳһۣסЦݣѪ⾫񡣡
üʲô
ѪĽ֮ѪĸֵܽԿɣ⣬ָ⻨ͨĻͣ飬ˣժһһҲ죬⾫ȻָԲͬụų⣬עڵͬԵȻǽ׵Ǳٺòˡ
өʥ˵꣬ڸغһڲˮֽŵʵ¸ĸ֮ģֻҪܾȺӣĪ˵ѪҲһ᲻ãֻȷʵ鷳Ķ˵ժժأοҪժسһû˭
һЦˣǵ
ȴǴסˡ
ѵҢΪԭ򣬲ȥǵ֮λ
өʥСɫ֪ʲôԹûһժȡǵҲǺһ¶մȾĸǽʲôǿٵغ嵮ʱڿеʥһˣ˭֪ժ᲻Ϊһˣǵʱ뵱ϵһ˵λãϣѵܲһժȡ𣿡
ɡ
磬ס
վөʥһҾлʥѡ
һţû˦ʲôһˣЩ翵ĶѵܱǰҪѵӴԺҪôҪôһϰķķɣ
̾˿˵öԣǵʱȻֻԼһǸλãһһֻԼˡ
ȻЦ㻹ǵҵĵһ죬˵ʲô𣿡
룬ۣԲ

Ͳͼʲô⡣
ôס˵˺ö໰룬ָľ仰
˰죬Ȼǲ˵Ǿ䣿
סԭ˵ǡ㡱ɡƺöЩͷԼŵĻǧΥ
úúãЦס˵Ǿһ㣬ֻҪ㲻Сɾͷɣ㳤úÿڼеƿҲ
˵⻰ضҪͬĻڽգȴЩ
ƫͷʵڼУ
һȻƿȻҪڼѲҪóȥҡһˤô죿
ӣסĴǣǾͲڼС
߶࣬һļᣬ˦˦˳ڵòˣҲǼƬûʲôÿģȥ
ͷɨһ֣ƿĿ⣬ʵ岻һ䣬ȥ𣿡
ʲôҵģͷһķ𣿡
ʮϵף㵱Ȼͨķˣÿķˡ
ƨĵʮֻϲԼֱ£ٴοȥ
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ԽԽʣȴԽԽ£㱻ȡЦ⻹ûأѾÿʼˣ
ƳûУǽʡûкķȻһûҲˡ
ѿڶǻô
˵ž⻰Щӣҧҧ
Ҳû⣬ۻʵܶʲôãѲһΪԪұҲҪסа
չڰ죬ȷסȴ֪ʲô˼ҪЦЦر
žһϣˣ
ûСת˶٣Բɷ˵ġ
һһ嶼ڱϽ鷶Χ仯Ϊ˵˱ΪԪܱ仯һģ
Ȼһ֣Ŷ˵ֻЦǲܱСèС֮ģһҿ
˵ʯͷԼĽţȴʮƽɫĵص仯̫仯
·еӡ
Ϊ˽ʡһ·ûмƣȫƶǰ˿ɫ군ǽЪɣ
˿ƣ䣡
໰üһۣȴû˵ʲôִһվ̽ŽԼ̯ǰůִԣ
˵˹ȥ
һ㶣ס֣Ц˵ô
Ƥ̧ô
˫綶ֻͣŲֵڱ϶ţúЦýЩſǰ
·û˭Ҳûֱݣɫıһ·ӵ⣬ǸɵҲ֪Ƕˡ
ڣԽԽǾ񶼷·ܵϴһˬƬָ̣ʯϵ
ǵʵоô
оܺáõشûôù
ͷǾͺãǽȥ
һãߡ
һƬڣӻȡһĴ̵ֵָͰߣȼ
һۣôԼĻ𡭡
һ˵ȴһߵȼͰ˭֪ǳĻ˸£δüתΪȼյİ׹⣬Ϣˡ
ô
Ͱ벻Ƶģû˵
ȻʲôæĻô䣬˵ǺǷ˻أ
һ̽ͰȼĻ˷£ȵΧǵʯڣ˺ܾãȻûתΪɫͰҲ̡
˿ȷʵֻĻȼա
ü˼Ƭ̣ƺͣǡձĶ
ôȣⶴڵĺա
ɵؿô֪˵·һģܸܵҵƣ˲ʧˣͺ񡭡һȻʺ˵ĵطˣﲻӦ˼һ۵ƢӦͱռ˲ŶԣᡭοҴСû˵ط֪ģ
ʵͷطҵҵġǰǼҲĴôʱһ֮Уҵӵ˱ߣ͵ʵҲʲôҹ⻹ҵȡ֡Ȼȷʵܰȫ̫ˣҲ֪Ƿηܵû취ı߽ס
˼ֲǸղһ·Ȼûһλ֪ط
æͣԶԶԣǽܵȫֱּ⣬Ҫǲץȥǿɾ̫ϧˣ
̾˿£ϣ֪ˣһȥȻ񣬵泩ܲˣ㲻Ҫǿ̲ס˱ҪڣԼȥҲԵġ
££ӣϿȥû£̵ˣﻹҵأܱȲ˵ˣϻͦů͵ģʵڲУҾͱһֻСȸ㻳ܶҲɣ
εؽ˽סֻ֣ĵǸȥģڸ˭ȥأ


40

ԽߺԽأͰϵһɫȴˡ
ûģ᲻ʲôǱߣҲûͷƵ뱧Ļ
Ȼͣ½Ųͷʣô𣿡
ãȻΣ̧̧֣û£ߡ
˶٣Լϣһӣ㱻˱ϡվϵ£ǰԼϣƫͷʵЩ𣿡
ůʱЩͷЩˡû£㲻ùҡ
ʯڼķ϶ԽԽխ֪˶ãڵľͷ
ͷǸԲεĶѨռԼ᷿ҷɽڵĵطһ
ʮֹ⻬͸ǵ⣬ȴֻʡ
⿪ӽ£˫ػЩ㱣ʣô
ˡͷƬ̣ס֣𣿡
䡭֪⻹⣬̧һַֻĲߣů͡
һ˺ðŽڱ£Ҫұ𣿡
Ŷ޳ɵزУϻӲƵģԼ˫Ҫ
˵СȸʲôģҾܰ㱧ڻ
ûɣˣûɡ
ǲ˵ˡ
Ĭ֮ٲҪ˯ˣǿʵô
кܶ컣΢΢̧ͷһ֮ǰֻܵ
ĵط˾񣬡˵һ
ɵ룬ͷӦһ
ǡٶ۵ʯʲôȴûü׽סڵĻֻȻֹ
㡭˹㻹ǱСһҰ㴧գҲ鿴һΧĻ
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ӦһתԼһֻСʮԾС
һӲվͰ鿴ܵıڡ
ֻڱϣдƴ֣
΢΢һЦԻСԭ־أֲȡġ
ﴫʾ֪ˡ
ϸϸһȦֻѰ̶һ仰Ϊ
仰İڿ˵˻λԪˣҲѹôȼ
ɵ֣һڻ磬˳ΪԪһ־д棬ΪԪ־һȫµ㱻Ԫ
Ƕ̶һԣӦλڴ˴Ԫ־Ϊһ壬Ȼ޾ĺ⣬־ʮֳ棬ԴԴϵġˡ
Ħű֣̾λڴˣ־ʵڡ֪Ǻǻ
ͷͷ֪ôܸܵõԣһܹĵط
ǲͦõôûûΣأĺ¡㿴ǷͲҵһʲô𶴡ˡ
ûĺԹԵɻǡΪʲôǡأΪʲôǡƺʹԸ󱲳֮Ļѵʲô飿
ͺ˳ںΰСƨʲô

ֱͬ档
ˣǾģЩͷûУ˾ͳȥǻøϻȥأȻѵҪѩصĹطպһ𣿡
û˵ƺһ᲻뿪
˺һº͵ʵ䣬롭ס
ɶһ¸˰˸ȣҪƤһϣ
ͷҲǺܺÿһ֡
û˵꣬ͷŭشǷ˺ÿ𣿣
ЦһȻǲܡ
ôôҪ󣡲̫ίô
¼䣬ȴ
ûô᣺ƨţ
Ҵû֣ԭǺԼòġ
ҭһ£ֱ׳صϻóĲŲأ𣿣
ۣˣ𣿡
񶼲̫Եģȴ಻ͬдӲ˰ܾĻҲݲ˵ڡ
̽Դȥ׺ȴЭءߡһ


41

ڶһ磬δʱѾ뿪
һ;ˬ·Щƣˡ̽żƣȻˤΣñϤˡ
ʱͷԼͷϡ֪ʲôʱѾԼȡ˳
ƲƲ죬Сļһ
кɫĹâһԱ߶˸Ӱ
ͷҲصصˡ
۾ֱӻȥ𣿡
ƫͷ㻹ȥĶ
ȥĶҾʡ˸Ƕ˯һϣоô
оܺá˵꣬ͷ˼һֻ룬ҪҪҵ
˵ɣѲ㻹Ųô
Ȼһǣʵ˵оһǡûпܣҪĲҲ
˶٣ͷ֪
˵ø߹ùǰһ򣬡ܲУԲ֪ô
ҡԶһʵҶԣѴڽ
ĪؿǻʲôѴ
өʥ˵ҵĲõ׵ѪΪҡֲһ֣Ķô𣿡
ʲôѵģüһѪΪôѲɹùǻ᲻ã
һ𣿡ĿãȻͣڲ֪δķϰãǸǶˣҪЩˣֻҪһѪһΪһҪһֻѪʮΪأ
̾һµĲ᲻ã̫á
ҡ죬û˵ʲôοĻ
ԼϲͱĸһȫΪôЩΪѹϾжôأû˭ˡ
˵ʲôοĻ޷ȰЩΪ
ˣҷաֱۣȻȥ֮ǰЩˣٸǲ٣еķգԺ롣ΣǷܹһ£Բԣһ㡣
뱱ı߽һƬɽһ
Ƭɽͻὥůˡ
չƬɽҪףȻµֵͣؿôˣ
㿴ָָԶɽʲôûУ
ûа˰죬ҾͿ͵ԣ
ͫ͵һָĵطȥšüʵǶǲǡһź
ԣûһۣء
뷴棬ûʲôԶءشϡ
ͺ񾫹õɣ·ɱ档
УǹģΪ壬·µһ漣谮ġһǸС覡
֪Ҳ棬ħ
Ϊħ
Ϊػ壬ǵɱ¾֮ģһɱħ
ɱȻǳһٺɱָģġ֮ĵɱ
ÿ嶼ԼɫħҲ⡣ɱ¾֮ɷأħɫɷɫʮһƺڷǺڵɫɫдһ˿ѪĹ죬ֻǿͷƤ顣
֮⣬·ûУʵûУֻһֱѹƵúܺãδʲô¶ˡ
գ߽ͷϣµƳǵС
ץס󣬲ŵʵǡħ𣿡
ûʶԼЩ÷ۣתͷ˲԰׵ɫͺѹ˺
ԽǿйҲԽ֪ԼħĸܼԺԲƣܹͬʮظܵев
ǿ־弸Ǵӹ﷢ġ
ݴǵһοֶֻ֪ڴ˵ҵҲûмˡˡΪʲôڻͻȻðĶɱ¾̫ս̫ǡʲôʱɱ𣿡
ԼϽڵ飬һθʹУħʱʶʡڣͬ㡣
ЩĮȻؿȭͷĺ֪ΪΣƺȱΪʹС
ڷתУļģЩǶġ


42

Ѿ뽩Ӳ૵ҡǲӦȥһǡ̻ȥùǽ߿ԽԽô졭
ȥһʲôȻ̻ȥ֪ͨҵô
ã˵ͷ
ʹͷȥǿƬĿ־ƺôѹƲסƵģԴԴϵشͷ
ͷͣڰУѾֱȵǶԼԵϲ쿴
ֻǺǴӵصɢģǷʱðƴ̣ϸȴӲϷ¿ֻܿһȭͷСԲš
ƮʮУɫ̫죬ΪǺгõ˼̻
˶٣̽ȥźȴԼ־ûʲô谭ش˹ȥھźʱҲܵ˿̹ǵĺ䣬ǲĺ䡣
ʮֵɻͷ̱סôʲô
˵ɻؿԼֻ֣ҾáǻŵĶ

ʵⲻ仰Ҳ֪ʲʲôֱֻվǻȻȥɣҿɲĪٵòǸʲô
һۣʮְͬϧ뷨ΪǵʻͷԶƬط
صУҢҶڣԼҲϸħҢ˵Ժ󣬡չ԰ڻĶһûҪȴ鼮ȫᵽԼС
Сϲ飬һ;ͷͣȻ뵽ķе飬ŵһǰڷŵȫҽ顣
ۻطһʲôҲûҵѡͼģóͼ඼ǽҩĵ顱ǳĽۣ֮󿴼ͼľ
һ߿棬ҲδȣֻεЦһ£ħصĹż
еౣʮãмʱȴһ࣬òҲ壬ֻϡֱеġء֡
ڲͬòĶдãһ̴ʮֵľ񣬾۾ؿȻҵ޸һ¡
ûãһصغǱ飬ĬĬػȥħ塣
өʥķûʲôֻ˵ҩȴû˵ΪηҪý
ҲǣɶΪûж˽ⱾдⱾʱԪλǰûء
ԣһ̯ϣͷǿʮģȴѲֱ֪ڵ˺δ
ҲδзӦļ磬ʵʲôأ
û⣬Ժغ飬Դ˻ʲô£
ɻؿһŻصҸոжƺҵˡ
ŶվŻϣǳȥɡˣҵʲôûУ
ҵһЩȥ˵
ֺģȻԼҵ˵Цߡ
ǰĪɢıŤȻĪð˳̲ס룺Լһҹδ飬ΪĸѵİҲô
ȻδŤζԵѾֱ۵߰ɣһ飬ħ顣
ȻԼҵǸ֮λԭ򣬸ð˸ͷıŤʱͱѹȥ
ҢԭҶ֣Ťͷλ糾͵Ůǻʱδüװ㵽˲У˿϶մҳ
⡭Ң̵Ҫע̬֮Ļɱȥ󼱼ת򣬡ⲻɣҺùøղ˵ŽóԵģǾͻˣ
⡰ùáĳƺһڣ֪Է˵ĶԼһɻð˳
ҪҢ󼸾䣬ȻʶԼԾ
ʵǵŤΪԹδ֪ԼǵϢԼǰΣĵǳٶ꣬ĸ׽ԺʵѾûжˣô죬ǵ㲻ʹ졣
ɴʱĻԴֻΪȶ˵˻˴
תͷ˿룺Ҳһˣ׼ԼҶϱһʲô⣿
ԼҲû
䣬ҢѾеĿζطֶӵ쳣Ľһѯʣȥʲôôһ겻ӣ
ûʲôһⱼЩۣе㷳ꡣ
ǻڹ֮ǰ𣿡
ûУǣǣЩ
ͣұû⣬״Ʋһۣ󼸲ѹʵһֱ㣬Щסһ𣬹йŮģûʲô𣿡


43

ΪԼˣʵ˵ʲô
ظʻһεЦǷЩʲô
ҺɸֵصһۣһڴǷʲôˣϲĹҲ֣ôɵٶʱ䣬û˼Ҷһ㡭Ƿ˼
˿ǰıӰʵãٳʮ꣬ܿ𣿡
һ٣˳Ŀ⿴ȥص
ǲ͵ˡ
Ĭ룺⣬㵱ֵܣʲô˼
ʮ֣㵸飬ż伸䣬òײõۺλԾ˼ά
ĲҢδ˵ֻ׼˱ȥһԣħ塱ʱۺ󶼳ʮ顣
Ң󣺡ȷǿǺɫ
ȷŵصͷд죬ħɡ
ǡ
һδǳҢѿڴϣȻˣճ㵽Ըħ黹ӳ飬֮ҪҵԴͷ
ףȻħڣ˵ضģȷӦȳƽŭ𡭡ôˣ
׵ͣ˻ͷ
ֻҢһοؿҶǳ˰ܺ͵һˡ

Ң󣺡ôϢԺһҲˣǼ֣ЩʲôܽһصǼϣ
ͷ⵹ʵ
ڶһ磬˰ʱ䣬гϲŷ׷׽ţڳϽһͨ߰Ŀȥ
úҢҲڼתλ˸ҪӣȻҢ΢΢̧˳ƽδȥֱˡ
ҢƨɸհӾͿżɽصճҪҪλ˵
һȥĴڣ߽翴ħһϸؽһ顣
ڶʱһƬĬ
ãһλϿڵ۾ʵʹȺͷҲû˭ۼħ壬δħսǷ磬ħҲָǶδǷ񡭡Ҳδ֪
Ȼ֪Ǳ㰤ȥݷáҢһͷ볤Ժһңһһһǰȥݷá
ĿǰҲֻˡǳϻصͷЩϼһҲʲôֻܾϣΪ۾οһ
һϿڵħг˱ĳ֮ͽҲ۾Ѳ顣
Ң󣺡аš
˵С̫ȷϹᣬµ۾Ҫһˡ
ҢףȻձ㶯
վʱ²ϣ漸ȫֱҢ󿪿ڽŴ˫ȵľѹ˺ϣãȻҿżļУһħֵ壬ʱǻˮУһƢŰɱģкһе飬ħѸӴ󣬼ǵϢأڶֱڻһƬӡأѣǲźķƾһ칬ô
Ң֪Ȼôᵽֻõͷǡ
ʵŷʱľڲ֮ǰδ뵽ԭħĶͲʲô塱
Ӵ֮һĶڡħڲһƬʲôҲûеաԡħ˵ģֹֻܾܵӣԶطӡס
ԣһСħζᱻɣЩɵĵطԶҲزˣԲԣħһֱһգ彫޴ȥԲԣ
ں֪ᵽһ˿־塣
Ң˺ð죬ų˵ͷǣ˵û
ôħǴӺζأԼĸףĿȴ·Ʈ˸Զĵط壬ʹкθôǲͻᰮ𣿲ˣܣһ塮ĽΪʥûûεԸҲڵһʱΪʲôأ
⡭Ңû뵽ĵһ⾹Ȼ̣һʱҲЩŰ
ҡҡͷءͬ޷ѪԵһ޷ܡô˻Ϊʲôԭ򿹾ѪԵأ
Ң룬̽ѵΪѪԵô
ԣȻվΪʧȥ˶ĹУ


44

һԼʹвǿңԼҲǸϰ߶ѣһ
һֱΪΪԼԵĮֱűҢһѡΪʧȥ˹С
ǡһǳͬ裬ô۸λԼܵż𣿻ߣǷҲʹ˫ٶ塮֮ͬУ
˵Ңһ˲ͨйؽڣ˵ͬ˫սҲãһҲãʹʹм𣿡
ֻǲ²⡣
Ĳ²ûҢҡͷ壬ʱȷܵͬ裬Ǹ¶δʱֳһֻСߣͬ忴𡭡
Ȼˣ˼·ѰбͬӦò࡭ʲôҢɵ񣬲ü˫ֻɱ㡣
ǡԼ̫¶ǣҢε룬ô뵽˵ѵĹҲ
ڵӦһŰա
Ң󲻽㡭
ģҲЩġ鵭Įûйһ£ԲѪҲ̵ɱԼĵز
Ң󣺡Ŷ⵹ǡĶȥ
뿪ҪߣʻŲһ٣˸Ƿ̫ˣȥ˯
ⶼ緹ˣ㡭û˵꣬ѾߵòӰҢֹֻסͷЦСӣ
ʵΪ̫Եҹֻʲô裬ҹ˯ȥȾƣ˾ͿʼƷ裬ִߣһ˵ðݵķ۱һ˫ֺʮڣ˵Լħ塣
֪ô뵽Ĳĸ첲޿ðΣĨһӡ
ڲˣϻط䣬һ춼ˣǻط˼Ѿ͵õˣһϼһϣǶĵġ
ħСﲻʲôæٴħ塱ʱѾҢ鵽ĵλ֮ʱ
գҢټг볼ӣҲҪһͬǰݲ㣬ֲϰִڼУٴαһֻСû˭̫ү
һȺ˺ƺƵǰķչ԰µЩʲôͷǼλŸ׵λֺ֣ﲻ֪ΪΣȻһ˿ĮĿС
İȻѵ̫࣬ԡ
Լܽ仯仯ױᱻ
ĿڰһǸΪ̫ˣȡ
ؿںȻʲôһ£ʶʲô֮һڵغȷûҪ졣
߳ŭذסֵֻС񣬵ֵʲô
ҪʲôҪôô죿ˣô˵ǲΪĲˣ
ҪָȴȻֵȵȣǴʲôʱʼԾģ
һǡǴӱ졭˵˵ţҲ⣬˵Ӧܺħйأ
æʣ첻ڷûпʲôطᵽʲôӽħͻñ֮ģ
ûСȻҢֹʻ૵ΪҲͬ𡭡
ʲôͬ
ûʲôͷ΢ܵħӰա
ͷǵҲǣͨħ廹ܵԶԶģܽӴħĶʮ壬ҲûôױӰ죬˵ʷħҲͳֹΣûּ¼Ҳ
ءһ
ĺĻûϨ𣬡ոôΪʲô

ԭж˼Ƭ̣ѡһôݵԭش𣺡֪ʱλֳ۸ʵһ۵ĺӣȥĵطһ۵סԡ𣿡
ŶҲ˵Ǹģɱ˺ܶģԭһۣ
׻δ˵Ӧˡ̧ͷңңһλۡһ㶼⡣
չ԰ӽݾͿʼ¶ݻϢȽŵģȴݳ޵ضһӣԶԶؾͿʼ۾
̽ͷһۣԴȥʲô⣬۾Ϲˣ
סЦ⣬͵һϲ鱦֮Ķ滹иģһס𿴡
һǼ۾Ȼô˷ѣ
һ١
װβ࣬ûЩ̵Ľ񣬵ҲƲ
㡭ǲǶҼʲô⣿
ѵ𣿡ȵǸиױУöСǱˣǰұӵգùסˣôһСƺӻţùҲ̫ڼˡ
ǲʲôСοյ񻨣ﻨؽһģʽǹЩŮԶϲʽѾҲ޼֮ΪϲǸ
һλȥؽ֣ʵصĽܹҳһµİ𣿡
һЦ֡

ȺȥͷʻС񣺡ôˣΪʲô˵ˣ
͸˵
Ȼ֮ǰļңЩǶأһƶǲɵԽҡһԺҲǸСˡ
еСߴߴȥǰȥʱҾ;Ƕÿ
ԡͣҪʲô
һֻ黨ô߰Ƕ첻ˣ
黨ʽôһϣعʱԼЦ缸ǰȺ
񴩹һ̲ͣؾֱ޹ȥ
ȻڵܵûУ
ʲô

ǰѹǰǰ۵޹ˡ
̬ɱȫԼ޹ɣҪʲôа𣿡
û˵Ϊ޹ԽԽ΢Ҳܵ˵ǹɡ
ʵҶã飬ܲܰɣ
ȷܲܣɡѾѹ˵ˡͬеǱҲ̫ÿ
˽ݣ޹ű򿪣ѹֳصϢϥһҪվȣȻǰһů⡣
̽һ˫۾ǷܰԹɢһ㣬ôоõ𣿡
ҺúܶˡȥðСıǿ
һ˫ӯӯ۾СƵĵô˭ҲҴһô
Уܡȥա


45

޵صĻɴᣣ򳤾ûߣģټĴƮɴᣣһݡ
߽ʱѾ˿޵ĵذ壬һȺΧſڵõˮ©վ治ˡ
͸֮ķ϶ذµɭɭ׹ǣѪⶼѱʴЩ鶼ɱˡ
ҢЩ߽һ飬ΪλƫԶһֱûб֡
˵ôҼסôԶܱ֣̬ȥɱ飬˳㷢ҵ
Ң󣺡һƬɽ飬Ѿǧϣеɲһ֮ң
׷׾õһ
ʷħֹΣûһΣģɱ
Ңһһһٵһǳڵֵ֮ɱ
һС롭ѹԪǼҪȴҲ޷ҵζ󡭡
Ңû˵ãĳƳһۣʬ塣
شخخ˵ʱѾսʹսʱҲܲ忪š
ĬãȻһʵǣֱϵ
˵һΪȻʶǰλεۣҲֱϵ
Ңȴ·º˾úɣֱϵҲ壬ù
˵꣬ĿԽͷҲҹԪ򴫵λǸܺõĵ
͵̧ͷֱϸ׵۾
ͷʱͷ
վԱߵļλѾŵõڵϡ
ۣĮȻɨһȦʲôһ㿴Ң֣صС
ҢͷÿĴҲˣЩʬһ磬飬塣
ϾȻ
Ңֵ֮ǰһӹǰȥһͬӡħ壬ӡ֮󣬱ضǰ壬λһ
۾ࡣ
۾塭
һ֮޹𽥰µվţؿҢʬǡ
һ꣬ҹ֮
һصУҢͶԸʰһ£ȥ
Ѿ±վԣɻȥǻҪȥǸʲôʲô𣿡
Ҫң֮ǰκĲҢŤͷҶһۣӡħ岻֪ʲôΣգһһûȥ͡Ҫ
ߵǰ΢΢Цһ£ҵôҽ˲һԲԣ
һ£ֻóһš֡
µѾûʲôȥκԼĲˡҪķѶѪҪеΪҲġ
ʰϣȫһȥȥ壬ȥɽȥɽ
ҢѾδߣɫãȻһʮ򶨵ģֻҪʲôħʲôǴܿȥ
ʱǼλӵȥ壬ڲֻصļλһЩСɡ
Ңûдӣһ·ֻһĿڣһʱһֻСС
ȻӺɽʱȷҡڷһ󣬲ʱ۹ⶼϣû˭ע⵽
ûб幫ϹĺڻʵڲҡУֻ͵͵ﰲ˸ѡ
뿪ڿԳ
˱߽ߵִﱱʼָ·ֻһܵȫǵʲô·
ôĿĻôûô·յִ
ҢұöˣԶԶؾ͸ܵ˶ڵǹ˵˱ء
䣬
ڶ·ؽۺ
Ң󿴼ȱд䡰Ϊ˼˰ΣȻԳһЦҪҵˡ
һʱʲôϵǸϱ̬Ķ񣡡
Цͷ
ȥúô棬ô
Ңع
Ƿűȥֱ˳ҵĻ
ҢڱϣȡһֻɫС룬ʮ⣬ʲôġ
ȷͬܲδ֪Ǵ˴βɣصУȡΪҽΡ
ۣûд𻰡
Ң̾һָΪУ۾ҲգظʺѪֻɫСС
͵͵̽ͷһۣ૵ԭѪȻǺɫİ
һЦ˭Ѫأ
˭ֲء
ĪĽҲ˵ֵضһС
ɫӴѪĵ⡣
ҢһѪ˵ڴһ£˿ۿɼٶȬ
Ңɵһ㶡
һһȦڵ˵ûط壬һĵطЦһҺĵط죬ַһѪɫô˺󡣡
ҢͷǿʢС룬Ц裬Ĳκá
ڴͷҪȥѣȻʲôͷһۡ
ؿڣȻһЦҵȥǡ
Ů뿪ҢŽ⿪
ܵ׵ĶʱЩΪ飬æ˶ֵԼ
𶯡ҢѵĿɣ
ֻǿԼ
ҢѸɾָմѪĨ壬ѪƤһҲ䡣
ѪѾõøɸɾҢסһʵ붨ô
ͷ
Ң󣺡𣬱ʲô춼Ӱ㣬֪ô
ٴεͷܿ붨״̬ΧԭͰĻʱøӰ
ҢһһָֻλãԴԴϵػڣ˳Ѫ߹ȫ
һֻһ˯𽥱ӯڷ·ӿƺʲôӵͨޱȡ
ȻҲ֪Ңڵľж
ʱϵ·ʮƤϲѪĺۼҢſڱ˯ˣĿڱϣؿڹĹĵģ˯ˡ
ڶǳǳ
Լδ졣
ұĶѣæʳָڴһĶ
ʶŻжŲϣߵĸߣ˵ͷ
סָƬ̺滺¶һº͵Цݡ
ԲζѨͣ½Ųʵôˣ


46

û¡ҵЦȾһ⣬˯ŵֻЩƣۣϢһɡ
һӻƴıɫС룬ŽС
ҿֻ룬ͫ͵һµЦôһֻѣʲô
˫ֻ룬ãŻʵǣô
Цݽϣεرܿߡ
˵ؿẮֻȴ·δɢƵůġ
ͷģҵģ
ҳ̾һġ
ǡЩʣʲôʱ򡭡
Сʱ򣬡ЦЦܶǰҶǵˡ
ԣʲôۣΪ𣿡
ǣҲǡҿڲϵӰĿʮͣҪֹսദ鶼ս֮ࡣֻԭǸλáȻֻΪ㣬Ҳȥ
ϵ̫أҢ˯òȣûñ˹
һѣ˹ȥȻûȰҢ㲻ɵصȥɽ
»δڵĻסҢ֣Ƭ̺󣬹Ƶ
Ңû˵ʲôȴ¶ЩĵһĵЦݡ
ɽڶϣɽСƼϸ
ҢǰЩӰճϸȥݷãֻλȥ˼䣬ҲʾԸһ֮
ů͵ĵط̴סССһƬҲܱɹء
һȻʲôʵǸʲô񰡣϶ɵģ԰ɣ
ǳ𣬡Ƴһۣ塣
Ŷʲôô֪ģ
ơһ룬ȻԼеɵģֻ͵࿴顣
顱һܴʱģޡ
Ϊᰲһ֪ûֺķĵʵʲôΪʲôҪǣǰҲ̵𣿡
һͲˣҢعͷĵѲ¶꣬ʲôԶˣĻֻΪ
ˣܽ᣺ޣ˵˭Ǹĺˡ
ҢÿɷһЦ˵Ҳû
·ڵִɽɽиСͯӣǺǼСܹҢ۾ˣѾȺʱ
˰ʱ䣬Ңһɫ䵭ɽ
ĺˡʺ뵽һʮֺͰ׵ݣȻλ˵в֪˶ĳĳôҲˡ
λҢҪᣬվһֳҲ֪Ƕôòôꡣ
ϸᷢλ۾ʵһ˫һۣüëҲһºЩҲֻǲЦʱ΢΢£Դ䵭Щס
Цضܺÿ
ϧλҲ֪Ķӣһ˵Цʲô飬ҲһûС
ĬĬ²ǿʯͷ̳
ǵһ۾ϲ
Сں棬ֻԼǵ̸
òһ仰Ң˵ġԣѵϲľˣʵĽ
ޡһϲʲôĽģ϶ûǻл𣿲ɻˣȻţҪѰӵô춼Żʲô˼
ʮ˼һ͵˵öԡ
Ȼҿһ¡ָָָָ㲻Լͦô
ûʲôصá
˵Ҳ֡أɻ󣬡ôƣҾȻ㡣

ҵһۿҾͲϲƲƲ죬ҵһۿ;ͦϲΪʲô
ɿô֪
ŶСֵؽһ֪ˣ
Īؿ֪ʲôˣ
ΪǼĶġǾûˡ
һεĶ
Ųдʣ㿴ţԺһǸϹԪûй޸
һ䡰ء߸˷򣺡Ϊʲô
̫ˣϲĸôһϲˣ˵óôԼⶼǹҲ֪ѽҹǶǺֵģȻڣ㣬עô


47

ãԭûдȢĸȻ˸߲ңҲôϣһûһӦš
ַСյʱ䣬һλڵ߽ߡ
ԶԶƬѾӵÿߵĺһҢǰεöࡣ
ǣҢɫأ巸µΪǣ򲻿Ϊˡ
⻰ǹάȷ¡
꣬ͬ꣬ϵлõһλزԼһʥǲС˺˻ᱻ㵽ͷϡ
˴Ըħ𣬱屾Ͳò֡
ڳ󡣡ºȻһգۼʮ￪⡣
ҢӦʶ˫֣һһ׷߳ȥͷҡ
˫ŷŵأǰվŵĵطѾħɡ
ĵ⡮ħһʱһ꣬ᱻȫɡ
ȵס졣
꣬˵գ֮䣬һ̶ʱֹʱ䡣Ȼգ֮䣬һӴϹϢأ㽫˺ϢʧħС
۾֪ħ⣬Ų֪ʱǴλεȴ٣һε۾ѹԪŭ޴йؽʩһε۾֮Ǵήÿһλڵϣ
⻰ͺڴߴҢϿ
ⲻڱҢô
ݺݵ˳һۣԭͲ̫õӡʱֵ
ҢȴֻһЦȻġӡħ壬ұȥֻǣ֪ûлз˪ζ
ʮᣬλӦΪԼԸеʱȴƲ̲ص˵ͷûʲôص˵Ҳ
γ
ڴʱԭʮְҺȻڣؼȥɣǰﲻæ
ûӦѿھҪܾô
Ҵѵһƽȥ֪뵽δظһ
˳۹⣬ҲȻ䡰һƽȥеĺ塪һε۾
ҢҲܻŻȥôЩĪеǲȫ䵽ļͷ
Ң壬ǻЩϣôܣ
ĸףֹģɫص֪ʲôңײƽҾʹԶԶģԶʲôλմκιϵ𣿡
һ٣ЩΪؿΨһһˡλȴʲôҲûƵģɫ̹ȻĮ״
ˣγʲôҢ쵶նؿ˿ڣѾôˣôоϡ
˵˰֣ȥȥְŵģǷġ
ĸ׸Ϊ̵ԵʣҢ˵ĻԵùзҲҪԹˣȻȴһףȷŻҪĮʵоôֵһô
Ңһ㶡
ʱһ仰Ҳûٶţһȴ·ʲôҲûˡ
ǻĪĻӷֻСʱһֱţں̲סƵڼ籡ȻԽܣϾԽƽ
ӡħ徿жΣգΪҾͺ֪ô鿴˵ؾʱǧսʱϾһҲǧʲôĸȻǽյɼһһ䣿
һȫħͷˣûϢҲûܸһԲԣ
ҳʹر
ǧδ˵ȻҲľǡ
岻ͬɣͬˣ˼һ㣬ʮ
һܹҲڣǧûˣһСҲɢˡ
ǶǰƬɫУҲ
޷Ң󵽴˵ؿƬʱǸʲô飬ȻΪһ۾ԸȥǧҲ޷ݵĿ̵Ƿݾġ
ǧ壬ʵһ̫ڳص֡
ƽô


48

Ңû뵽ԭһĬĶôԹһʱ֪Ӧؿҡ
۹۱Ǳǹĵشӡ
Ңӣ˰ûʲôοķӣֻõһƽȥ
Цһ£ЦЩ΢⡣
ס˺󼸲ҲߣҲߣǾΣһܣκ鷳
һ£Ҳӱ˿Ϣ
ˡɫѵƳһۡ
קţᶨظʹͷ
һºͣ˭Ҳ
̾˿Ңˣȥɡ
дͬȻ֮Ѫڣ̶͵ûƬϵĹ
ԶԶԶС㣬ɫɫĹâϱŷͼĺɫ⡣
Էűһֱڳ˼ŻῪڣ㳶˳䣬ʵ㷽šǲֲˣ
ûСҡҡͷ֮ǰҵȷħӰ죬Ҿܸܵޱȡҷšġ
ί
⻰ȴû취˵ڵģ˺䣬ЦЦ
һʱȥħʱˣӰû˺󣬶ħҲδǰһ
ƬڲǲĿԡ
δ꣬Ȼ͵קסˣʶȥŽɫӰЯһɫӰҲʼˣһɫͣԭء
վȭͷ
µǸʶػס֣ǹø𣿡
ȻѾҪشΪѾҹˡ
Ƽǰ뱧ҡѾȫվȡ
۾ԶŹâ𽥼ɫ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥûʲôܷס
䣬Ңǰ̤һԼȫ˺ڰ֮УɫĹâʧˡ
һֱֻǵҭҺȻʹ޳
ƵɫһЩ仯ͷһۣü
鿴Уʱ̵ؾλЩɺˡ
ӡҪƷΪ۾ǽƺȻƳһۣƷѪԵϵȴû뵽ԭ۾ĴԼ
ͷ룬ǼƷҲãǴҲգҪеһ
סңһҪȻԼ·𱻼ͷصѹðһء
Ҳʹͷޱ
𣬿΢΢ףʵƷʲôĺ
΢΢̧ԶһľǺ롮ħڲû˭֪ʲô״̬һԿ϶Ҳ޷
֮еĻش
ͷʵǣҪɽô
ƿһۣӻһƴľƣҪݸͷȴת˸򣬵ݵǰ
Īסĳ嶯
ƣԺҪľȥɽҡ
̣ûסҧгݵص˭Ҫ㣬εĳʯͷ
ƲգҲ֪ʲôӣֻľأԷɵ䣬ɷ˵
գ㡭
õϡƴ΢΢һݣǡ
ĿӰʧߣתǻؼҰա
ͷȥңù
˯ȥˡӣæұ
һԶһС죺ùôιȥǴӡ
˳˯䡣վһܼЧһΪ㿴ˡ
ҺȻãǸƨӦǸӡ
ͷһﻹкܶء
һʹһܵζϲȥҲ²
ǴͷһѼ⵶֪ʱͻԴͱһҵ̻ȥ̳еλȻǰ
㡭öţǹùò㲻Ҫ̳Ǹʲôλ𣿡
ֻۣǻУǸҶ֪
ʲôиûκεǸծӳҲӦЩ游ծʲôϵƾʲô㣿
ҡҡͷ̫ӡҵ֮ǰѾλңֻҡ
ʲôƨͿԲ𣿣
ͻȻЦһ£ԣǲġ


49

񡭡һ±ӣסҪᣬ߷ߵҲûмΪʲôҪԼ˭֪
ġü翣ܣڡǵһһԣ
㶵˵
ĸ׻תԶҢʧĵطһͷ״Ҳſ˸ͷ
ؼҽҰٺãɫѾڡ
ɫƣضطЪϢգʲô˵
ܾﲻԾ˵ֻõ˵ͷת˷
û뵽ڶһ磬Ҳûͷһֱȥ塣
ǰȥδר̾ۼڷµҢ
һԣܷߣɶ壬ΪǷɷµΪһܲΪģȥҲǧΪܷһ£ǰȥԹҲ̫̣û˭췣ʬ
ʵҲʬΪϵɶûʲôʬˣǱ̼µ촷۴ϡ
ǰǼλֱʱСخ𣬺ڷҲûڹ鷳
Ͼͷϣ˭ҲûǸȥۡ
չȥûʲô֪ǴѾԪ
ִʱԼЩշ޵ǽԲСڵϯضһغҾţЩǰͷ˿ģȴѰͷ
ɾԲΪһɢȥ̣޷һҹֱȾ˪
ëûС̫ǰѾµʲôΣֻ׷׹ֵ̫ӽڰ
̧ͷŸƵ壬شȡһ̧ͷһ
һֻᣬֻ۲ʸ
˫ᣬԴۣоΣλҲûٰʽˣλΪҼա
ĳϲΡΡ˿ڣˣᣬҲĵط̫˼
˼ˡĮ԰Ҳ֪ܷסĶһһҪɡ
⡭
ܶȹ˽٣շʽٲҲ޷ᵥϥ¹򣬡볤ϲҪڴ˽ڡ
Ȱֻ¹ڣվţмճһλãſڵλϳ̾һ˫ֽӹᣬͷõķһףɽ۾ƵĽһ飬ɡ
ĬվƬ̡
ຣΧΨзδκβ֮ס
ϺһͶд񣬡ߵл񡣡
񣺡ߵл񡣡
գǹһĻȡˡ
㣬Ϊȫ׶ＫΪٵģһ۾
ΪȲҪҸйߣǾ˭۾һ
ûڵϵһɣ̧ȥ
峣䣬ȴûʲôо
һƬհף·ڲɿƵЩ顣
ʵһûʲôΰػνҲû̫С
岢ΪĻһֻɸ׵Ըˡ
ֻǣµ޿ˡ
ͷֻ֪СǸ״ԼϹʱͿʼѿԼĹ·Ӧһ֡
ģҢġ
ȻˣҢҪ飬ôֿܹأ
ûʲôؿŵϺ˵ʬףǵŷɢЩƯڿЩûС
Ҳˡ͵͵ȴ޹ء
̤̳һʬϰ¸ѡһɾЩĵطĮȻסԼ֫󾲾
ŻƾۼüҪɱ
з˪һһѸѿ˿ڣ˫Ҳ޷ܵعڵϣֻǺ޲ƵĴǰƬء
ѪأΧһƬ÷ڣ˼óٶ
ø׶ɸԼΪЩѪܵ˿ʧϵҲһһذᡣ
ãȻһ£ϵ˿ڻ̹ǰۣѾûµ̽ˡ
ۣߵһ˫š
˫Żƣݵܳ˵۾
㡭˺촽ɤӸƵû˵ʲô
ãصΡ
ͷΣѵض̿Ľ磬Ҹӱ۾Կ
̫ʵŵһ飬ʱѲ١
æվȴûע⵽˺۵ȣһǰȥæƶӽס
ԴϣԶ߽ΪʲôҪأ
ˣҾͲˡ
ҡȻͱ仰٣ֹסӿ㰡
̫粻ȶһ׺Ȼ˹
ͻȻʹקڻУͬʱʲôȽԺӦþܰȫˣʱ򡭡͸úõػȥ
÷񣬽˲üžϡ
æٴν磬ѵʲôùһʧԣæ졣
ȴѲ׽Ǽ֣Ҳû׷ʣֻǴãૣҾ֪
ǵؿ֪ʲô
ȥ㸸ˣǲǣ
죬û˵
ڼʱȥҵķ䣬ȴԭ˳˯ѲӰæ׷ħ߽磬ÿҳȥĻ桪ںҲûü
֮ƴȫ壬ٶȿɽȺϼһﶼûӰҪӡ
һһģ㡢㻹ءҲҲֻʣˡ뿪òãùϣʲô۾ҲʲôһܺòãҴȥߡ߾ɽҲУﶼãֻҪšòã
һʵСļһȻ͵ؽȥӵУ˫ҪѪ
ڷȴʮ򶨣Ȱѽ糷ˡ
У
ֻңҼȻѾӵδǶңӲġ
ҭҭʣô죿
ûлش΢΢ͷȵĺסһСƬ
ĶʱӲȴҲûƿ
ãҡ
оϴһƬշӦʲôҪ߳ŭʶȴʼģ
ָһ¸ղԼռ˱˵ĵطñԼҵ죬ӳ˳ûʲô취ӲȥΨһİ취
ųصĸˣ˵̲˵ʱͣ͵͵µĽ硣
̹ȻȷŸңþöҲöۣ·ʹʲôҲֻҲܸİο
ʱѾͣˡ
ԶŵӰǻںȻʹһ¡һ£Щ
ãγѵسȥ
ǰѪ۱鲼һʱ䣬֪Ҫ
ɫ԰ףƤܱ͹ʵûа
ɵһ̱ڵءû
ǡԣǡݷ̽ţڳһ
Ǿڡ
ͷǼѾɢüӰʬ壬̫ٸʴ壬
ǵ˵һĵطȻǾڣ˵һϣ
Ѹٵ뿪Ƭطٶ֮죬ȻûȺϼһ￴
ʵ˻ΪԪķٶ죬Ԫ̫ۣǻûɶþͻᱻο⻹ǸȻԼһСҰֵķ۵ĵ̡
ԶϣǸط
Ȼǰ㰲վ̤붴ڣÿһҪЪϢһߵ棬һһǰŲ
صѾȫڱϣֱ
ڵϣסһֵֻֻ֣ԼͷС
̫䣬ԭӦ˯ȥԱ䣬˯һ֪ʲôʱѹߡҲѹ


50

һܳΣ︸ĸ˵˺ܶ໰֪Ϊʲôһ仰Ҳ˵
ĸǣ뿪һſ˫۳ܹϲһ߿һʣΪʲôң
޵̫ѹԼһҲž
ѵؿڣƴҡҲᶪ㡭
һ̣ߴžžžĴԼձûۡ
дϲڶϣ𣿣
Щ͵׽ס֣ۡ
ԲԲ𡭡Щһ㣬ʵ̫ˡ
üɵ̫ۣǷ˸ַֻڴߣһ£Ժʵôô
ϻƵطˣ䣬ȴܿôͷôΪʲô˲۾
⼸ʻٶ۵תһӣȻòԾ
һԼ۾ʣɬƤڻ̧
ߵһ
ɫ̫ã촽ף۾¡صعȦ
һ£ĴָĦºȦλá
ȻůѾľ̲סɪһ£ȴŲ
ͣס۾ʵҿ𣿡
䣬ͷ·ίứҪǮ
һļ磬ߵƭӣ㿸ƨ
һ㶣ͷһŷԼıϡ
ɫӵ̧ͷ
ĨߵͷҾǼĻŰġ
ֻǡŶΨһһС֡
ãŵ
ʵҲ֪㲻˳۹ͷһۣҴʱǾڣ־ӦҲδɢԭδԪ
ͷΣлԪλ档
Ҳл㡣
˺ۣһᣬǱˡ
ܺõúܿ졣Цһ£Ƴ鲼ӣ㿴ֱ۵˿ڶʼˡ
˳ӿȥŷȫѶѾƵü޷壬Ȼһ죬ͷȥ㡢ûô
ҡͷһҲסЩ߳ܣһϹŵѲӰ˵ңԴǿ˲õĳҲ֪ȥ
ұϴһգʲôҲûˡ
㡭
ûһһ䲻䣬Ȼϲ䣬ֻýʻȥˣֻģҿˡ

ƳһۣȻԼռ˺üαˣֿôģǲƽϡԴƺе㲻
ڷֲҹֲܱ֤Լٴγһˣֻøһûûҹ
Ȼʲô
òʱͱɰ¶˯ò֪ϦΡ
Ҳ֪˶죬ϵá
Ҳ۾ʱʱǣһһͬ
ȥ֪ǾȻڴࡣ
ͷŻ·ε˯
ڵ󲿷ʱ䶼붨ż񣬱˯Ȼŵʱ򣬺ȴһҲûС
˸ǷߵĶ˵ңôãȥ˰ڶû·Ҫɸˣ
ʮ־ȣֻԼ˸طˣҲͣһǱֵҢ󷿼˸µá
ħûţڿһжãҲʣͬǰǰ
Ҳ֪ķֻôģȻʱ
һ˽һЩЩţǶȥ
ϵĳȴߣʵ۾ǰ˵аȣᲹϼʽȻȶ֪۾кδ㣿
˶٣תͷĳãͷ΢΢̾ٵһʱհա
ϿĿ⣬ԥһȻȰħ忹ԼǴ֮٣Ӧ׷ǡΪ۾ǡһȣδŭʵڡ˾񡭡
֪ͷзִ磬ϲصġ
ŴԣǳϲŻص˵ͷĿ˶ο
ڳ볤Ϥ뿪жʱ塣
վǰΣȻֽק
Щ׾СƵĵԣѹȥݰǣòã
һֻס𣺡á
Լ챻նˣҪ䣬ͻȻǰСƨ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ѱ˰ͷ
㡭ƿ˼ʵҲûʲôôô죿
ȴѾԼҲص
˶٣ֵΪҵ첡ҲóôߡѾˡ
һѾô𣿣
涨һԶףɼȢȻ涨ˣʵɻ꣬ſʼ˽ЩʵдʱȢ
ɳʱ㣬һһʱһʱ
һǰɹΪε壬ͯģӴʱܳģһԺɹٵ壬ģ
ҲǸʱ㡣
Сɳڡǰһ꣬Ϊɵ壬ῪʼѸ˥ϣŬģҲֻάʮģ߸ϵʱ
Ȼ֮ǰΪεʵҲ࣬һ޳αǸͷġ
ΪεʱʮΣյؿǰ˸Ůģ
ΪʱǸͯģʮּʵ۹Ƴһô˱˻ԡı˵ϣ⼸ҲǺܲײܳģǴ껪
Լ죬ȥ㶫ҳûʲôˣúܡ
˿ɫȻʵȾ𣿡
һܵ˾ŵı鿴Ⱦƣ㻹ȾǰǵξƲմֻҺȣ
ȡ
һЦɱˣôأ̧
ǰδκСѾͷĵȻ˼˵ң
³ըһСɣһŴ׸⣬һֶһ˷
ڷϺȾƻǰںɽʱϰߣΪߴҰãЩƽĵطҹ˾ʱϷ˼
ӷм䣬б̳ƣһ̳ԼεͷһڣһСӽʵˬ
ȳһŴ׸⣬ȻֵغһСھƣȻǳϱǻζ̼üᡣ
ζƺĿǣкϲȾơȴǼȾƣ̳ܵԶȥġ
ǾζͷתͷһŴ׸źòֹסζ
Ƴһۣһ֣ôųԶúƷһ£Ǻþƣлظʵġ
űֺһСڣסûȥŴ׸⣬òᵽ˵ġظʡ
̳ӷһԣǲӣЦôھܲˣ
ûǰɫĳȰȾҵģһʲôնˡ
ûغһոջҲҪ
ҿЦԼ̳Ƶݹȥһڣ
̳ڣ˹ӹͷȥüڡ
һεĻظʣ·ȸղŨöࡣ
ӣ޳̳ܵúЩҪ̳
ûȥһ֣У̳ݸҡ
Ĭصݸӹ̳ƵͷȾʱÿĲߡ
¾̳ŲĿ⣬̳Ӽ͹ࡣ
⸱ģˣæŵôʲôǺŰ
๾С̳ٷ̳ʱۿɼٶѸϺΣתĿˮ˼롣
ãͻȻ̳֣æײ̳ӣЦظʣܸʣ
ܸǸʲô
ĬĬؿ֪ʶˡ
Ҳ߯죡
ۼҪȣæ˹ȥ̳ӣһ˳㽫ԼûС̳Ҳȥ
Ȼ۾ơ̫ĵˣҪڳ־ƣȥƷӷǵ÷񲲻ɣ
˵ƽƷԣڲƺɷӵ񣬵˿Ҳֻ޿κεسʵ
ΪĲӲˡ
¶ʵԼܣֻرӷԾ
δָʱЩһǳһŵؼķƶ
ڽ˻شϣȴԼ֡
ӣغԣ֡
졣

̾˿ɿ֣ȥҾƺȺòѽ
Ⱦƣ
вȾƵ
ʲô

ͷߣסһٵĳ嶯Ҹɡʲô
ûֱܷ⣬ֻһؽ֣
һĺȻʲôѽ
ľƣ
ȻȾơ
ΪʲôҪľƣľһЩô
ʣܸʣ
ҪΪǰ˵ظʡû취ܸʡ
Цһͷ
ûĻͷƽ
һҪȥץסԼָȻ૵Ҳ


51

һԼֻ֣ڴǰδеͣԣ㲻
Ƭ̺͵Щ׺ݣû˭
Ҳ֪ûĻӦǾֻ֣ڴǡ

ҧгݵڼռұˣƫƫôѵʱᶼ᲻á
ԹǸȴ֪ΪʲôƢƵĺȻһʹק˻
һŤưڴϣΪ˺üȣʲô
ͷѣƵģ֣һ¡

Ǻ˵Ļ𣿣
ͷŪҺ
ϺݺһѣˣҲ㡭
ס֣Ϣż˿㣬Ϊˡ
һ߻ǲˣһȴǰЦ˵Ǿ䡰Ϊ˭뵽󾹳أ
СխЩ곤̫죬ֳ겻ڼУǰʱ˯ŴûüʱţҪ벻ȥýץס
ĺ೤˯ˡ
̾˿СĵؽԼȴûסһƨڵϡ
ƨɣվĶͷϵһ£
ڶգʲôҲûƵȥ˸ĸʱȴһλϾʧ˵űߣصۡ۾
ָķ򣬰˵
üͷһ壬ֻüһ̸ۣ
ǰ·ͬ壬ԲһƬžÿµ
ú״ȫˡ
һҹ֮䣡Ϲĳһض㣬һҹ֮䰡
ΧϢӶϹ񣬿Ƭʱҵľ飬е˹ȥ
Ҫ壡
űߵĳϴһ˵ڵأһֶֻ߶µҪһºнڴһ䣬ϢɢΪ촷ۣںУӰҲ
̲סʹ޳
ΧûιȥҲ񱻴ȾƵģ
ֻһƬհס
֮ǰȫô
ҢԼ˼Ʒϱ̹еһ
һУôô
飬ǵס֡
죬ûü֪˭ȻǴǴǴˣ
Ⱥʱ׷Ҫ˴
Ѿˡ
Ѹٵͳ֯һɫûӦ¹׵ÿһϡ
ĴӴܣʶ磬סԼҲ𽥾£֮¡
ͷϽµǴԽԽأһƣҲϣԲֻͬæ½һ硣
ԴϢعͷ񼸽ĵһ顣
Ҫ˵ʲôȴȻһѪģӰûıߣֻһѪһ߼ѿڣħħ塭˵
ʿϵǴˣðͨ籨ţ˵ȴħ塣
һ¡
˭ⲻħ߽Ľʿô
ѵħֿʼˣ
Ϊʲô㶵ؿ
죬Ϊ֪д𰸡
ħ峤˵ûɾǴҲҲ˵ŭûϨ𡭡֪˭˿ڣȾ壬һ˿ƴǲǡǲΪ۾
䡪
·͹ˮǰһµǴʱըˢˢĿճϡ
ͷúܽȫȫػ½õĽ磬ûд𻰣Ҳûпκһ˫۾
ıˡ
վȥ󣬱߿ޱߺǻûģ
رۡ
˵ˡǰλҲվΪһȹͬⳡǴ˵ա
ٴЭøЩ
Ǻܿ죬ҾͷһֹսǴͣû˿Ҫͣ˼ƴŽ磬ŲһҲûС
ǰûü壬Լ֧һȻȫû
̤һܲȵһλͬʬ塣
Щǰߣ׼ǰһ۽ǣڴֲǴе£໹ơ
ѪӣȾĿܼء
ȴʱһ£ϥڵϡ
ԳеŽĴ󲿷ģʱѾߡ
ȴʲôæҲﲻϡ
ʶһСȦڵļʮλ֮⣬ܼûлͬ壬񶼺۾
иǿòģĸɷһΧͬʬ壬͵ػͷһݺݶҪԴ
ǻµĻ͸Լе·Ҫ˺飬ƾʲôȫᣡ
ǰȰλϴʱɫ࣬Ҳ˵ʲô
еĿһξۼϡ
ѹЩͷصشţʱȴΪû̧
ۿò˫۾ҪԪسֳɫ
Ҫʱεסһק
˱ۣûʲôصҪ
ȥǰǿ𣬺˺ѷΣź⣬Ҳֻץһݵľ
áҧѵشӵվҳȥ
һ̲ȣ߾ȫý
Ǹеʬ壬֮ǰҪ
Ȼû˸ոקס֡
޹أھȥɽҳ𡣡
˵ҧ´ݺҡͷ
Ĵһͷúûȥ
˵겻Ӧ̳˽磬ԭֵת˲ȫͶ
վţûҫ۵ĹâҪʧ
ܿˡ
ת۾Ѿȫ˷ĳ졣
һ㶣µ𵱳ΪԪֵסǧĳ档
ȥһƬհףѾȫʧȥǣȫűܿڣСŲ겻ոκþʧȥ˸ס
ʧȥ׵ʱܿޣΪҪλȻȥȥ
ò׻ʲô䣿ԼĸĸȴҪʲôƨʽ䣿
һ
忪ʼָԵķԪ󣬳֪
˵ûţ
ޣӾȻģҾȻģҵģƾʲô
Ȼת˺磬һŲ̵˹ȥһſĶȥ
ʱѾȫָԪ޴˫Ἰ˰գԿٶȳĳƶֻһɫĻߡ


52

ں䵽ıʱѹ
СȥѾģ˸ţɫ֧ŵ֧岿ֲλ˷Ԫ
֪һλܾܲѾް취־ʱֻһͷҪ
ǳͲ֪ʲôˡ
Щ̱ڵϣȥңǳٶ۵ӾͻȻһ¡гľơ
˵Ҫľȥ
ûж룬Ҳ˲ԼԳǵ㲻̷ľƣһۣҧ˳ȥ
һõʱ䶼̣ܶҲ֪Ķ
пģǸĸֻʣкܶò
һ·ûͣЪɽҵ͵һؽȫ
ԽüͷԽȴûȥǵȥ״
ǴѾͣͷ·ĴɼѪɫûиܵһ˿
ԶѸӣԽԽĺͻȻʵҢ۾ħ֮ǰǲʲôˣ
ƺûС룬ٴȷûС
˱顣
üûʲô飿
һ£ҢΪβ齲һ顣
ƵüͷԽԽֲá
ûתͷͣӡħļƷһľ磬ԭͬģֻǡԼҲûʶԼʧ˶
һ仰˵ʱЩ̾Ϣ
һٶ۵֪ΪΣĪͲµδ˵ڵĻ
ҲҢ֪ԼѡԼƷ
ΪʱҢλѪԵϵ񣬶ϡ
ʱ˵Ҫ
ԼҲ֪ܹϵ̷
ֻû뵽ȻǴ
ƣǴӦ£һοʼӵħ塣
ȭͷ
̾˿ڵĴ鶼ѾħɣڳûжþͻˡûػӦػ飬Ϊûˣԡ
һ£Įϵһγɫ
ԣǻᱻ塣
͵̧ͷ
ƣΪΪ񣬲κνɵƾʲôأǴڵļֵػǹϽ֮ڵ飬Ҳûˡ
ڵ壬ΪʧȥӦػ飬ԱˡҲлµ֡˵µޣǿܻٴγ֣࣬һ֣ٺ޹أе飬ӽֻɷػ
ԣһҲ¡
һ仰ʵʵشһ
Լڷô죿
ƣֻҪһ죬Ǵͻһ졣
ܾܲȾסƵ䣬ôãһ֪ʲô취ܾԲԣ
ƴۣûа취ֻҪţҪһֱǴ
סԼģҡҡ׹˫֣ʵţ
ԭѾ仰ʱ۾ųơ
ûĿ⣬ʵʹʹ࣬Ҳô
ҹƵ˹ſǻ˵š
áһοԼ֣ȷſҡ
Ƶĵ
˦˦ӣ˵Ǵһֱûа취ǲһԪ
Ǹģ
̾˿ǴѣһֱűǡֻҪ㹻ʲô
ǡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôƵͷŽ£㿴ʵ廹лŵģǴѾͣ
ſȥԼƶС㡣
ƣޣĴģǴһֱƵҲÿһΣ㲻صûдϢĻᡣ
ȷ񣬵ҿԽɽ̵Ǹʴӱĺӣܿȥġ
㡭ЩȣΪʲôҪҲڸô
ޱƳһۣΪҵǿľƸ㣬ҪôضΪԼǰңضΪ˶ԷǰҸǸľƣΣʱһ·
ɫӣһʱ֪ôӻ
ڳᣬʵǸ룬ʲôӦԹԿ˿ڡ
Ң۾һһҵӣҴӦ
ղŻһģſϿ˵İ취
һۣ뽫һ١
ƺȻһۣ̾ʵܾȵģҶȡ˭ҲȲˡ
Ϊʲô
ɫûмƻתĿ⿴ҲûмҢ۾֪ңһ㣬ӵʮɫˣϣġ
û˵ȥֻҡҡͷ
ǰʹŵЩ壬˿̺ȻҪ֪Щжѹ
ųƵվڶûнȥ
Ѿûиϣɻת
Ҳȥˡڰ֣˺һǰ־ʱ򣬺񡭡ɱɱ˼ҡû
˺ȻƺһΣҲ֪ܲܡҾڶţˣһ
ƿһۣյ˵ͷ
ڶһӣʶԼôȥܻᱻŽӲ˫ԶŲŲ
䣬ʲôֻ䣬ȷʵܲˡ
ȵ棬ʵģɴ붨ķ
һ붨֪˶ãȵѹʱվǰ
æҪվȴ̫ãûվȣǰһ
ַһѣվȣɽƵɿֱۡ
Ҳû⣬æʵôˣ
һΣιȥˡƿһ۱һӵĵطӦǿԷˡ
ãǻûع
ҪһȴȻ³Լһͷ
ӴԺͰˣЩʣҪң˵ˣٹ
ƣ㣿
Ҳ֪᲻ҡĨһᣬԼȥǵԼɱ˶塭
һƬĬ
ãƵͷһúû
мֿһͷһʣѾ²֡
ͣɫвԷƱ۷ǷҪ㣬㶼úš
һ
ǿ֮ǰľƣݳȥһͨˣɿɽ
һûоֻܾɵ㶵ؿľƣòֽӹȥʱӵá


53

һħŴˮߣԶĹЧվûлخۣʮʱڸȷ
һĲϲµķһᵽٵ͵Ϲ壬ڣֻʣˡ
δսҲԣϵá
ЩΪζ޷ìܣȻҲͲôҪˡ
ȷħ岻ˮһ죬خδʲô䣬һخʮ֮ɢ
Զ칬۲֪Ӵĸһƣǰخ͡
ѾԴ꣬ڴ齱߽Ӽλ޵͡
ϢʹۿʮǰЩӱô٣ƽﲻôƽϵʧϲҲ࣬Ⱦ֮һ
žƺ۴ǰһգҲŲһСӾȺһھƣЦϼһ˰ɣ
ۿͷϣƳһֳۣһЦԶרҲʹģ
أרġ̾˿ٵ֮ʱ屾һңΪƿ硣ʱ㣬Ҷúܼѣò׺ùˣȴ
˵ЩҶ̫Զ۵۾Ѿ̫תֻۣһʵӰӡ̬ãóҲŵѾǵʮˡ˵Щ̫Զˡ
٣ҵĽǷ塣һھƣó̫ۿϾҪװˣҪҸʲôطװЩųСء
۵۹ȥ̶Ľְһ䡣
žƺһ٣ˣΪΣɱҲħңãǧǵ̲һ
Ѿһˡҡҡͷܾخã޲ȥԼĵ̡Ǻã̫ɾЩ
һЦخгɵģطȷʵ档ϧ̫棬ĹġҲҲʵǡ
˵Щ˼ЦЦ
ļ磬Ƕ칬ߣҲǶĿ
۵ͷֳ̾һǧ꣬ȴʼ˥ܣҲ֪һûмһա
һѾ꣬۽վƺһߣһŷۻ˻ΣȲȣ
ҡͷ
۹һڣĬƬ̣ҽʵһ㡣
ۣ˵
Ǹ
۶˶٣ǲ֪ôڣһżСŮǸѾͷ㻹ǵðɣ
۲شҲ֪뵽ĶȻɤ˺ѷεؿ˺һ󣬲ö˶˵ģСҰСѾͷʲô
˾ˣʲôһۣϺЦôˣ±Ц㣿˵ˣСŮСѾͷʲôϵһɫ˵ûа᲻ã
۴ӱһ
ЦҲġǰиСɣ˵һֻˣŻСѾͷȥ˲飬ô
СѾͷôЩ꾹һֱߣĴޡ޿ͷ˺ö꣬Ͳȥɱҽˡ̲ô˳ҲСƼԪ˵ǲǣ
ˣ
귢Լ̫Уزӣɫԥɤӡ
ʱ˵ͦأӱ㽫칬ء񳿲Żⲻǿżصһ
ֿȻˣлϡЩת棬خա
أЦһ㲻ǵԼ˼ҶꡮСҰ֡ˣȥ룬ָ
۲ͷذڰ֣֪ˣһȥӡ
գ㿴һֱŵ˵ĹҪӷĿخ
ʵһԺ͸ȥخֱɽҰɫڻع
̫ͩˣ̵Щۡ
ͻȻһᡪ

ܶǰݶ϶˵һգʮַرӻȥ
һյˣ˵ʲôζûп⣬Ҳûеļϲá
Ѿ̫ˡ
õѾϲõζ
Ǹһֱֻڴ˵˵游ʱûжֻǰͰϷ۶İţһҲûӡ
ż澵Լס̧ͷһҶдˡԺ֡
ûʲôоֻֻͦ
ͿǼλʱ뼷һ׵Цʵ̫ˣЦͿ޲ࡣ
ʱŲԼƺѾþûЦˡ
ڵԺû죬;ʮֲ̹
ڷεĵطˣȴԼ롣
Ǹȥ˷ۣ뿪خԼɽͷ
Щûʲôһһ˳նЩСΪ鷳ⲻԶռһɽҲû£ɽһéݷ
Сɱò񫣬ܵȥɱֻޡ˭ֶ֪ζӣףһʱˣ󱻼칬ˡ
خһվǾԼòСɽͷ
ȥ칬̺ܴɽڴ˸飬ȻҲɽ
ϧǰһղǴˣϢٸϵخʱѾ뿪ˡ
ϷĸȣĴмخһʱա
û飬ȥĵСԺתһȦָ칬
ǰȥģ۵ĵӡæµúܣȥʱûǸ壬ʮɢһںȾƵĺ͡
ɽͷңֻʮ͵ˡ
ԭһ仰ܽĺ;̫УҪȥ
Ȼ;һǴһʱĺ;Ҳˡ
˰յѪλʵЩ׸
Ǵ֮ǴδζҪȥˣֻҲš
ȴҲУһ˾Ҫ·
ѪѾĺ;һ·磬ֻѻ
ͷ䣬˵ķϣһֱûڡ
ɽͷĺں֪ʶԼЩ࣬ͣסûɽ
ضȡͬʱҲͷ
ɽʮʢɽֲïܣ෱࣬һʮָסĵط
ûмƣͽɽ·ֻн̤ϣеظܵⲢһΡ
û߶ãͿһéݡ
éݵӣ뵱סںɽʱһһģһ
ɽéݱ߷ٺӡ
ȻͣסŲ
סĿڣһ
߷ڴǵؽ˳ȥ


54

¾һȺϣͷר־ţȺϣǰȥš
֪δȵţǰһ
סʱһƬհס
֪Ϊʲôʼղ̧ͷ
ڴżֲȷʣ
һ͡ǰЩһˡ
ȻǴʵԿԺȷһ飬̲ס˺һ
һδֱ꣬ۺȻקסӱǰһŵһҷĻ㡣
ף̧ͷΪʱ۾ЩɬȷԼʲôʱͻ̲ס޳
㶣Ӳ̧֣ģûĵڶ£͸һƬʪ
ʱżĻѪζѪζǱѹţʱ϶ģԼŲᷢ֡
ͻȻ͵ƿЩȡ
ס˸棬㿴޴˿ڡ
һ£̵ʵǴ
صͷ
ҡҸҩקСéݣ䵹βһСҩƿ
˿ڵϿƿӱЩգִٵһļ磺㡢תȥҲܸҩ
Ĭתȥͷ˶٣ʵҪ·ô
Ѱɡ
ѵ£ͷúܵ͡
Уָ˿ߣЩѾʹľļƽʱЩ
ԭΪ겻ط꣬мµϲ뼤ֻԹίļȴʲôҲûС
ֻǺƽأȾһƬհףжȫʶ
СظԼҩͷԼܵĺֻãϤ÷·ոոռ
ҩ̾˿
۲ۣʡ
·ҡҡͷôۣѾϰˡ
תȥȴס˫磬͵͵
㡭ÿ춼Щô
ûСƬ̣֣ȷÿ춼һΣ㽥ˣʱ죬ʱü²ŻһΡΪȫֻʣңҲٹˡ
ȻʹžҲǿȣֵرš
Щꡭô
ࡣһЦֻҪţͲࡣ
˱ۡ
֪ԼԶǴȥʱôһ̣ĺ޲ɱԼ
Ҫŵ̫ǿҡ
֪羹
ʵһ壬ԭͲš
ǡ
˫֣ʵ̫ůˡ
ûʱŴ֪úܺãܰĵطԼ
ڼȴࡣ
ŵԴԴϵӿ
Сҭӣʵҵô
͵͡һܾáЩΪǴһֱ̫Զɽ
һᣬһֻ뿪ٸʱЩʪ
硢Ǹʯͷû۸㣿
ûСĵطЦʮºͣʦҺܺãÿǴ֮󣬶š
ʦʲôʦʦˣ
˵ͷ
㡭˱죬ˣһķϣʦʦɡ
΢΢̧ͷת𣿡
У
Ϊʲô
Һ¡޳ҲҼ㡭
ĬƬ̣ʦ𶼸ˡǲ㡣ĴûСҲվᡭ
ǲһ

˵ˡҧŴһΣ޷ԭԼ
Ŀһأ
̧ͷ㶵ʣʲô
ô죿㲻Ըңô죿˵ҪΪȴҪˣ
ʮίһҪ
ûӲĳָһѻ𣺡ֻʣ㡣
Ȼһʹ
ȭͷü£Ϊּϸ㷳ˣ
תվͷͬʮǰһ㣬ȴѾǸˡ
ûס½󽫱һĨȥ
ĺ;ɽվȶˣڼһһŮɽŮǸʹ֮ǰѾټʱȻһ
ͷһμʱΪԪСéǰһϢĺͼǵãʱһϢģѾвȴȻ
ټº˳սСϱ
ĺжһǻǣĻϲشչȥкˣ㻹ǵô
һۣɱˡ
Ƭ̺ϳԼĶˣʱòص˵ͷ
ĺͻɱûع
Աߴ쬵ô
ĺͣ
ۼǶŮҪԶĺӣڨڨظȥʵλǽȥĶ
Ųһ٣תͷʵȥĶ
һ⣺ô֪ҳģ

ղֻŴߣ˿Ŀĵأ
Զɽ
һʯͷѾˣȻҪȥһȺʯͷ

ǡ
ȥ칬ɣĺشҵĹҲͦģססã
üλ
ĺæЦǺǽӵĺͣҽĺ͡
¡۵ӣϴζлĴ֮ʵڲȥ칬š
ĺͰڰ֣һңʲôŲŵģ
ǰ̡
ĺͺ⣺õ¶ˣôǵáǻһûأ
ŶԭС

ɵؿһۣתͷĺͿлʢ飬ǽʵڲǰȥ칬һȥ칬ݷá
˵ϣĺҲǿֻ㬵ظ˱𣬶ԻصԼĹ
ʲôƵģˣȥɣġ
˵˲ȥֲ֪뵽δͷӦ
ִվ
ĪԼôˣж
ǡ䣬㡭òñС
ŶãЦЦְ֣ʱͬգҶˣ䣿

ʧˡ
֪ЩΪ٣ֱ棬Ҳûһüͷ
ڱϣ붨ǰٴι۲һ£ȷȷʵûʲô쳣ŷҪ붨ȴȻʵЩǲǾʲô
ۣһʵؿ
ǸԥһҼǵǰͦ˵ģڣЩ̫

ۣЩ䵭صʮķҵӣ˭кƢ


55

ջһɽԼվɽ£
ɽͷС㲻һֱסҲԡ
˭֪ɽδó׼ײ칬ǲʹߡ
ȥ칬һˡ
ֻȻȥ֣Ŀ뿪Ȼɽͷ
ñ㷵ӡҵɽͷֽ̫Ϊɽȡ˸µ֣ɽ
˳ɽСéһЪϢļ϶п칬顣
֮󣬶겻޵ټֱǰ½أЩѾȫ仯Ϊޣɸܣ۴˴νǰȥ˴ȥ
֮⣬ۻΪһȡ幬ȥ칬ְ
ž֣ʵһͣ⣬һ۾ΪʲôҪðŵķգ򽻵
ЦЦһԿҩϾʣһֻ룬ɻҩţҲʮ棿
ԭںˮ⻰˹ű²ãɬαҪ˵Լ
ȴô⣺˵ʵˡ
㡭ӣ˺ܶࡣ

顱һͻȻϣ˼ŭҪǰ㵱ʲôҩģǾҲȥǸƨ칬ˣڳɽţ鲻þȥ׽ֻΪС棬ǸʲôϹ˼ˣ
֣ԭҲûȥ
Ȼ˵ġ׽ֻС桱ûܵԼû¾ͻᵽ߻εһתЩûС־սս
ɽϰߣճˡ
ɽԽԽ󣬶Ϊһ۾Ψһر
ôƽ˾ع꣬ɹԪɣ겻´Ϸȴһֱš
ѾǵԼλ游ʱخȻϢ۽Σ֮ʣҪٿһۡ
Ϸʵûʲô飬ʱޣȴҲѱʱĥ
յԸǿһµġ
Ϣش˸ƨخȥϷһ档
صخִҶڵϷнľȴǻعⷵյĺ߶߶໰ǹĸס
ôֻһһӦţϷ۾߶߶бۡ
֮󲻾ãµۼʽһֱخ˼ʽ֮
⣬һֱʮֵ͵شڵСԺخɽϵ֪۾סڴ˴
ĵʮε۾һǻ׺֮ǰδ棬ʮİŻĺ;Ϥֻվ·δʲôк
ʽ֮һ뿪خ
µɼְأϿɣȴ˥ܣҲûб¡
æķڳȢ˸ϱϱߣǷһϵĴŮŮº񰮴޸һ󲻵һ꣬С
һֳ꣬Щӡ
Ŵˮħɡ
ʮĶǡħվսʤˮخˡ
Ϣʱˣǣ˸ӣԼȻخ
ʶħǿ󣬱Ͼ֪ı߸Σ
خΪԴһͷöһֱ񿴼˾ǡ
ûкѣżɽصˮħ嶷꣬ԭƾУħҲӦû߳˴ˮخӵƣһΪ˲кϣ
˵ҧгݣһӺ³֣顣
һԭ˵̬Щתһ룬ǰλԼ׵ȣǱ㽫ǲȥֻѾڲ顣
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λ׺ܿ챻壬÷ǳɾԶŴûΪһ㡣
ۣҪ˭һηӡħļƷ
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ſҪ̤خڵĺһЦĺϧ
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ҪץʱˡӣˣҾˡ
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ƣʵ
ʵԻбİ취
ƣûСҲС
Դʲô˼
Ϊܸߡԭʮ˿̿ƽҪ࣬ʮ֮ڣûλΪܹ߹㣬ֻɫ棬ҿɫû𡣡
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ҵȷ뵽ʲôϾȻسһ˿Ц⡣
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㣬һԡ
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ħĶˣѵĶսʤħϣ䲻֪ǺεӦĽٿ㡣֣أҪúһ룬ԼĽ᾿ںδ
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á
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ٶĿ
ġ
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56

ʮֺ䣬뱱䲻ͬҲ䲻ͬ
һֹ¶ģտģĶ䡣
û뵽Լû̹Ԫҳ֮⣬Ҳûκαĸо
û뵽ǡħڲʲôҲûС
кܶ࡭
翴źһƬڣʲôҲڲﲢʲôȻЩܹǿ
һȥ±ˮΪԼᱻȥû뵽ˮѾ̣̳ɱǾֹ
̤ˮֻܿľȫѾʧֻʣ¹ͺͺ
ƺѾʧȥ־һӵǰһûϿһ
Щ·ʬһп˼ףϳЩɽħ塣
ϲûδͷѾſǵ˴ʱҪҵλ塪
Ңҡ
Ǻͱ岢ʲôһ˵ᵶ
ʶػҢҺɵһ㣬м֮׾ͱնɷɻҡ
ӳеϤݵ÷·һΡ
ΧԴԴϵӿֻƬ̣Ѿʮദ˵ĵطɢЩһһƵأڳȡ

ЩʵĻþ
סĿڴѣúѡ
ģôոգǲɱҢң
ģɱĸĸ
ԺȻһΪʲôҪţ
ĸԼԼǸСҰ֣꣬ȴɱԼĶˡ
ΪʲôҪţ
ʲôţ
Ǹ˵ҪΪͬ飬
ڵϽɳûзһ
ħڲ·һĬƬʧȥʶǻɱŰײеıģ˺ѷεģȫѹ﷢
Ժв֪ΪΣȻط߳磬һĻ
Լļڵģ𽥶ʼģΨһģֻвɫסһСƬΡ
˭˵
ȥڷֱǸ˵Ļ
ǱǱģ
˭
˺ܾãȴֻһӰӣɫһţϡܿһӰ

ૣһƬžУڷޱȡ
ۣſ̵ͷϿ֣һһ֡

Ǹ˵ǱǱģ
ѰԼվ
ǲŸһһطʣƾʲô
Ժֻʣһͷɱǣ
۾Ϊ죬ĻӶҫ۵ĺ⣬֮һƬѪɫ·˺ĺɫ
ѪҺϣһ˿ů⣬ʹԭĶĺ䱻һһ롣
ûκ谭۲һ㡣
ΧֻѪɫһ
һͷеǹĪ⻹δɢȻ˵ڼžʮͻأ

Ǹʮ峺Ů
͵תȴʲôҲû
ˣһƲлˣ㿴ҵġ
սü˭
˷һЦСѾǵô
һȴվûнԼֻǼɫͬųѵġӵɫʣɲ׾ͱħ򵹣ҷδ棿
һ㶣ǡ棿
ʲô治ġЦһ󣬲ŽŵħֻҪ㴦Ľᣬ㲻ᱻٿء
ļϻڱ仰ʱ˵Ļر
Ľᡭ
֪ԼĽһֱֻһǵʧɱͬ顣
˵ֻʣ㡣
ӴδĽˡ
ҪĽᣬһҪ⿪ȻѴڣһڵĵô׽أ
̧ͷô죿
ŮЩҲãҲգֻҪЩ֪ɺζһкξ壿ֻ֪ӱܣԸЩôٿأȻ
һ
ֵԭѽħͷӵգ˶꣬ȴֱٻΣһδЩãʵΪЩӣɱ˶飿
죬
ǰλ޹µʬʱҲá
Ů̾˿ԭٹһʱұܽգȴ֪ΪΣǿЩ
ܵͣƺҲûнӻ
ѾͷáŮЩħͷ̳Դɱλ֮Ѫ֮ұ⡣㽫ңҴħͷȥ
֪Ϊʲô˵ҪƷԭΪ˽ɸλ档
Ҫζɸ㣿
ֻ˵ԸǣԼȡ
ŶԸ⡣
СѾͷͦɴࡣ
գգۣѵǰ岻ɴ𣿡
ҲǣֻǴħУѵʱҲδʹֻȡñǣҽ˶ȥ
ԸͲѯʣֻǿһô
̾˿һƨڵϣȡ٣ȡɡ
䣬ԸоԼóأҲٶ࣬仯ķȥ
Ժ䣬ʵϵó𣿡
Ҳ֪ԼΪλ⣬ǲʣ㹣Уܵý
һشúѸٵ˴ȴ˶٣ãſڵ֪
ͷҽ֮ǰ˵˻ء
š
ÿɺˣòòУǻʯͷ
ҲǣЦ⣬ʯͷܻôء
һһ㱻룬ԼԴأ˯ȥ
˯ŵǰһ̣Ǹ˵СѾͷΪܸߣ˺һӡǳȥˣ͸СȥҪʲô
ʼ䣬˵ϲɫǹǳЦ롭һë
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ʵڲλ̬ĺģ˱죬û˵
ŮһЦ
Ϊ̫ãʲô¶һ֣ȵزƽϡ
СѾͷĻһԶӿҰεëŲ̫ɾһƲл꣬ô
ҧҧһ˿ʶش⣺⡭


57

ϵʱû·
ʧˡ
Ŵˮȫƾʧ
ȡ֮һƬãã󺣣خԭ滷ֻһŴ֮ˮ
ڣخڤмһСȻخҲʮֹڤԣֻһССĵ㡣
خʱħʧףֻгվخϵǰħʧĵط
˫ڵϣſģԼŵһƬɫë
һϳɫ
⡭ûɵģԼⶼڴ
ָģ˫ֱ󣬡ġ
ô
ƽƬëȥһΪƬӺеĶĳλģϹ˺һ
ͷĿסƬë뿪϶ġ
ޡޱ飬ŵȴԵЩԸð죬ŽƬëݸħʧʱģȻģǱա
סЩ΢֣ȥӹƬë
Ƭëֱð˼ȥô
Ǹģ
ëɫӣҿż˵ɵĶûʲôܹ
Ƴëһֹֻۣ̾˿Ͼһ
ĿŲϣƲŷѾһŶ亹ǰһ˻ûã
ҡѵشһۡ
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صسĿڴ˹ȥϥǷǾô
һֳڵϣһֻסëذǰ
ڲԾ쿴оΣ಻ô
µԵƬѾȾһƬʪ󣬳ƿҪȥһ١
ʮ꣬ɽʱܾǴܶ㣬ǵţǳҲżĲ̡
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ЩԵظ̣ܵЩԼ²ϲʯͷ
ԼôţϣҲôš
Ϊʯͷһ㣬ضҲûйͬһ
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ӴͱһЦ
ʦ𣬡ƺ˳վ۾鵭һ̾Ҫ£ȥһ
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ƬëĿڣƬëһƻǡ
̧Ƥһ˫۾ѾԪɫҪ
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Լʦûд𻰡
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ŽУһǡǽһƲл⻹ںɽٶпģʱҢװҽһûϸѡװżһ˽
ʵνǲãҪãΪʹýҪۡ
˵Ҫۣ˵ʲôۡ
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ãһëСĵطϥϣǰСذףһְֻסλã׼ˣ־ذ׺ݺݴ̹ȥ
һۣûۣǴ⻹ʮɵĳ̶ȡ
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Ϊذ̫Ÿܵҵʹ
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ֻҪһƲл꣬УһʱգܹһȫĻǡ
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ķбģѪܣǱżԶЩּ壬ûºЩķӣֻѡԲаĴֱֶΡ
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ѪĻǣͬͬͬ˹ࡣ
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ǻһΣһͬԪ
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öѲҪʱԣѾ͡
ס࣬һͬģһƬɫë
ѪҺʮɫ
ħػգخʵף˺һӣΪĹʮڴ˸飬䲻Ϊ񣬵˽µ׷Ҳ˺üۼһʾĸм
ַֻͷʼûɢɾ
Ծ˥ţ߸еĺӻҲû綼⺢Ӵˡ
ɻеȷܾãкܴĹϵеǧеҪ꣬õģҲûгꡣ
һ治ɫʵѾĶ콹ˡ
Լҷ˶ŴӰ꣬ЩԷʱ۵ֱӽСӴӶǻֻҪϱС
룬ÿŶʱº͵飬;ûһ̡
һ̵̣ء
غûٻɽǵ칬ȥְסΪ׼幬С
ְλǸɢְλʲô飬칬ҲΪְλ
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ǿͨ˻˵Ҳ̥ܲǸ塣
Ҫһ̥ʵڲʲô׵飬칬Ͻ㣬Ŀɣֻõ칬ײײû٣ȴ㹻ģҲȵãܵȵһ


58

칬ÿһ±Ҫٿһγᣬְλɽ赽ݣԭǲȥģڴϿʱĺ;ʵ˺һ
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˱Ʊˣֲĺʹȣǰħ壬ӴҲӰɲ֪㣬һ֪ܲҺȥ˳ɽü㶼ڣýֺͷ붼֪һ뷨Ӿȥˣ˵ĶԲԣ
Щ֮⣬ΨıֻгǰλˣܱµҲҲ˭ȻĺҲͷˡ
ĺ۾һô˵зӾˣ
ԥƬ̣ɵͷѰһ̥
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лҪ˵ͻȻһbug55޸ģյһе˵Ǽһı~
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59

˯ܵůƽüͷչ
ǿסзڵĲˣܵƻů壬Žɤ۶סľʯһһŻ
ʵǴԭأǴľǵ̶ʵڲֻۡʱܵ˻δȫȬʱǴЩ
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˼գԻָЩ̴Ƴ˶
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ȥʱĺͻڶţƣҲһۣ߲ĿбӵػǰڸƵķ䡣
ժһĻ꣬ϴ˳
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ڿЩĻŲжôˡ
صڣƵһΣһǴҲδܹ
һʹ𣬱ʱʲôҲδ˵ָָֻĿڡ
סĿڴһ
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תѸ׽һֻʻûţ߾ʹʱǰƣǲô
ĺͻһڨЦŽʻÿŻصС
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ĺͣ˵˵ܱܲŻŰô˵黰СѾͷǰ˵ȥ
ֱ
ĺ̾˿һ裬Լһʯһʻϣ׼˵̣㰡㣬˵
졣üʻ²סô
ٹԼĺʮʶȤزȥһسŶ
Ų裬۾񣬺Ȼյˮϵӳһ
ʲôİ㣡ƴ֣һʻ
΢΢һ²յͷǴһ˿Ц⣺ˡ
ƴӦһܵĺ֮£˸ղ豭ĺǰõžˮˮˮҭˣ
ĺæһ
һڲ裬ڴû˰ɣ֮ǰǸʲô￴ʱɫ׵á׵øɵƵģ˵ָָװʻİ״ɵӡ
Цŵ˵ͷްأоΣﲻ
ûûСһߺ˿ڲһֵ߰ҾǾ䣬ҶҪˡѾˡóԣ𣿡
ϵǰϲͶһ㡣
ȥʻĺͣ
ɫѣڣ
ĺԹĿ⣬ɱһ۵ȥ
ЪһԸĺʹ칬ĴתתԼ˲󡪡ƵҪڵúúòһҽ顣
ֻЩķ׶α겻α
֮ǰΪڻʱ޷˷
̥бõĽѾĸ壬ҲȻѹϣϵߡ
ѹƣƱ޷һֱķҲˣΪ壬ճ벻ʹãܲ
ߵ˵¼ȫ⣬Ϊԭ򣬼һһֱҲ⿪ķ
ҽȴѾ
߳ܲסԣʲô취ķתƵԼϾͺˡ
žһҽ飬վ߳˲ײɢĺơ
ĺͿһ㶣ôôͳˣҪȥĶ
Ųԭúܿ죬ƣϲһ٣תƣʵҪȥɽһˣһ𣿡
ɽɻؿĶ
㻹ǵôʱʮģȥ
λʯͷһʱɿϣҲ
ɫ֪ôģѾڵľܾת˷򣺡аɣҸȥ
ĺһָԼӣأ
׽סƵ䵭֣š
ɽҲ˵̳۸ɵ壬ȴδɽͳӣһʱЩ档
ʦ԰ɣ
ͷȣȻûзſƵ֡
ԸſΪ˷ţʱѾһ·ٷſƺԵЩӲ
ԥĵڣʻ
һתһΪʮȻɿƣ򶨵ش ǡ
ƣȻܵʦ˵Ϊʲô֮ǰû˵
ѾãѰ£Ҳἰɫɵģ˿ûᵽ׽֮ʱң棬ͬ꣬Ҳû˭ڿͷðδ˵Ҳ
Ŷǣ룬Ļʯ
뵽ǰԼۣһЦҸΪֵǮĻʯ
ƺȻ̾˿֪ҵһۼͲϲɣ
һ㶣˵ͷ
ʵҲǡü˼ãҵʵݣеԹǸӰɣҾ;żǷʲôƵġ
Щ˼һۣҲ֪Ϊʲô
ֻ֪ϲƵǸʯͷףȴ֪ԭһʱҲ֪δ𻰣ֻӦŵ˵ͷ
£ž֪ЩӺζ˰ա
뵽˴Ȼħʲô顣
￴ʲôʲôδӳһƻǡ
ָһҪúһʲǡ
ƣȻЩԼһֱĵǣʵҲʲô¡
ָ䣬ҲԼһ٣ҲԼһӣǱ޷ʲôأ
ʱЩޱߵ˼ʱ
ǰĵһġ
ֻҪ㹻ˡ
ӦԽһδ֪


60

˳£ɽ㲻پɽڵƸɽĽ磬ض
ɽǳ˵Ҳĵ̣Ʋδ￴칬һĽ̻ԻͣǾüޱȡ
ɽ鷱࣬ͬڱ𴦵ǰ룬Ƿ·𶼱ʲôţ߲ߴߴǵֻۣǰؿţһָɢȥ
ƶһֻСֵıӰɻ󣬿ڽ͵ʦɽɽڵ鶼ϲɽ㶼ҲʦʲôֻЩδǵɽܹܵɽϲðˡ
˵ȻɽǡԼ֪ϲ֣ڵ顣
Ҳͬڱɽ𽵹Щ֡
ϧΪ겻ڣɽߺܽɢ뿪뿪ҲҲշ
ɽɽſʼ
ƿİǣǰ㲻ЦʱֻͣиҲ˵ͷǱִҴȥ
Ʋһ̾һȺʯͷ
һۣϴŵЦ⡣
ľɽΪƫԶһ˴һӣƲڿһȺͩķݡ
ףƿ㲻˵壬ôͩʲôһͷһοϲȴϲͩ塣
ЦЦҲ֪
֣ͩƿǰһɹȻ𲢲ԣΪЩɹӿݣǱĹԹӡӡ
һࡢɹصľͷһȪСֻһ˺ϱô
ǡ
ջĿ⣬֪ôۣ˰죬Աȵô壬ȻñͷǸɵĻĹ
Ҫˣֻȷʵˡ˵߳ĳ
˸ʦ𡣡
̧̧֣һƣسͷҲδɽˣתתա
˶٣ͷƣǰԶһƬ֣ɽڵӳˣȥô
һ䣺⼸Ӷѳ죬ժ˳ԡ
֪лҪ˵ͷС
˼Ȼ۷ʵǰɽסĶȥ𣿡
һ㶣Ŀתơ
Ƶףš
ָ˸λƵһֱǰһéݷˡ
éݷһ֡ôȳƻסĿ⿴ΣƲƲ죬аɣȥˡ
ȵȥһŵǴɱɱûʲô˼ȥժһӣתͷյľȥˡ
ǻǸʵéݷªǸʱŵ㣬һһܹɢģ
һ꣬éݷһȦֻһƬյǸӡ
һ̧ƿľš
ľûһƾͿһԶɣġѽ
ƺȻƿţͷ·һγ¡
ʵСӵȴЩܰ
һľԲΣֻӣѾ˻ҳ
ֱ߷һǽСܣȫ飬ֱһŽһ˰˯С
һСϵĳﶼơ
ΪòסϱѾֻһſտյĴ塣ƼȫǻңҲûҪȥһͷ
Щ谵ܣһСȥ򿪡
չӴƲſŴǽϣһ
ͬ⻭ǽϣȴһҳҲȾֽҲոһƬơ
ƶ˶٣ȥǻһ硣
ͦЦŸ̾һ䣬˺
ϻǸˣǸŮӡ
Ůһ죬ɫ߽ԼЩ·ɫһǺÿ
ŮڻвվţǱ˺Цͷ
üĿϸ£һ˫۾飬ۣȫ۵ģЦʱ۽΢΢һ۵컡
һãβŵǸ飬ɺ쳾Բ۵ĮȻû뵽ԭҲǻġ
ĻôƯһ
ĪЩζ
ƲͷһԼСʲôأǿ̫|棡


61

Ắӣû׷伸¾̲ס˻⣬ϱʩһµȥһ飬ʵʦǢţ֪Ƿ֪תƽķ
ƺδĽлعĬ˺һŤͷؿһۣʣ㷽˵ʲôȻ
ҡľ巽˵ʵʮǱֻ˼䣬û뵽רʣһʱ֪ô
һԸ͵ģƵƳؿڣģ
ʶһĿڡ
ȻŲĿ⣬Ҳۣתƻ۲֪⿪ķҪָֻǿгƽһӣô
˵ͷ
ƼΪ̫񣬷ܲķɣ뽫תƵԼϣ
˶٣ɵ˸ͷ
⵹ʧΪһ˵ţ֪뵽ȻֵΪܿ϶ԼܵɣѾͷѵ񣿡

ڱʦӵʹΪϱϲһѡϲãϲԵЦһ£·ҪƵģЩܵصû£ܵ𡣡
ƿĵʵѵһֱţ
һѡ˸ʵһ߱ĥһ˵زţ
Ҳôء˰üģϾͬҲôǿҡ
̾˿ʵ㲻ز䱻׷ɱܿĶ࣬޹أ㸸ĸҲ޹أܹҲ御Ƿʲôֺαһ١ٶΪ
һ㶣Ҳǡ
뵽һֱΪΪ˴ÿЦãЩ˼꣬δԱ̹¶һʱ֪ζ͡
Ʋؿȴġ
ֹΣ̾ʦϲѰ㺣δᡣӲΪʲôΣһֻǸԸˡ
ޡƲ֪뵽ظ֣Ը
λʳ쳾̻Ϸ·ģĵţ
˺һֺȻҲǸԸˡ
û壺˵ʲô
ûʲôƻָָ̧ǰ㲻תƽķ
æϡ
û߶ãͿ¥ȥķ
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ɽʱҲͬѰһȥ¥Σ˶ǰ¥ÿһ·ʮϤ
¥ĲǿԹⷭĵģֻȨ޷ܿ鶼òˣؽҪȥ㡣
Ȼ¥󣬳Ʋ¥ͨһ¥ݣǾֱڣһһεСռ䣬Сռֻɳƣֱ¥㡣
ųվ˽ȥ
СռڳĴ߶ƾʧת۱ͣ˵㡣
ڳ󣬴Сռ˳ȥûΧûɵһѹ֡
ƻͷһۣ͵ĹżԶЩѾ˾ǴǡЩСʱHúܣʩš
ͷֲﲻǰòͨΪ΢ģס
ĴתһȦһмǲȡһ飬ǺƤҳܺ񡣡߬ʱ㱿Сһ¡
ƶ˶ҳһ߹һ߿ڵһ鼴ʹҲòֻ࣬ϡǵһޣӻ޸֮ϵ˵Ľ֮ϵұŻޣϵĳġ
üҲֻô죿
ҿգʱδ뵽İ취
סǣȻ͵붯ʲô˼
һ׺⻰ǶǱ˵ġ
ۼƽСռ䣬ɵܴȥ𣿡
ܡƽ˵࣬ûа޵
Žȥ˵
Ŷɽ鼮ǡƶ˶٣ǣЦһ£һСʦģԻúöЩûģص㻹кЩִ˵鼮
˵Ѿ˵һ㣬߳Сռ䣬ͷһۣգһ°ա
ã˵仰ʱʦƺЩᡣ
·һ鼮㽫Ҫʧȥʲô


62

ƽʱϲ飬ҲֻһǽԹǲǲˣϷ·Ȥͳҳ
ܵһ㲻飬Ƕѵʮһһдֵֽ
Ƴ˼ҳ⼸ҳдĶһݣʲô飬һЦû뵽зʱ
ûֽ꣬㴫˽ŲȺ߽æƷλվ߳ݡ
ߵſڣӭ濴һЦ
££ͷʵ̸
ǿԻȥˡ
Ƹ𣬳֪СѾͷò̹Ҳ
ص幬Ʋ㴭һ¾Ҳʮڡšһۿĺƨߵߵشչȥ鲻ӣôһȵСףһ£
ƺɵؿûõӡ
Ⱦʲôģʵڲ˵ɣԭضܾû뵽ֻǶ˶ٽŲͷӦԺһ㣬ȥСˡ
ĺȻҲû뵽Ӧ˾Żع˷ܵҪ壺ȥҪ̳µģ
ĺ;ԶȥıӰ˳㶼Ǹʲôô𣿡
һæµһߴ𣬡ҵ㲡ķӣ㲻£
𣿡۾һʲôӣ
һ٣ֻǰֻһƲҪκĲҵһޡ
ʲôޣ
ޣ˵ô
ưڰ֣˵ֲУҿʲô
ԭʲôϣȻǸװ챦ӣ˵ͳǰġͼչƿ
Ϊ磬ģȴǸ͵ļһԴ꣬ȴȮ࣬һʮӴβ͡
ûͦɰë׵ġ Ʋ֣һܺ󡣡
㾿ûУ
е졣ƵͼֽɣӦǼġ
ôһ׵ģ㲻ĻȥδȻֵҿ϶ֻĶƳһۣûлȻڿ϶ҵˡ

αظһһ궼СѾͷƽأ
ĺͲ۷Ҳ֪ʲôŴǶҪ̳
СΪƣСĺ͸Լ̳ʣһ̳۾
С˵ԺʩʩȻŵλУѾֺõľ̳ϲްֲáԼľ۾ʮֳֵ֪ġ
С軨ŴźʳƾŹ𻨾ƵʳһƬźõöš
Цһ̳һСھơ
ֻĺ;һ߼Żףһ޵ôصģ¾û𣿡
Ƴʲô⣿
̷¾̳ӣĺҪҪȥظ׽ѽ
ĺؽѿڶġ˻ȥͬʳһ֣ܳ
ܿ죬Ѿһ̳ƣ仹δЩ΢ֻС̳۾ѾҪˡ
һ߳ͷЦؿ۾һ߶ĺֵߵߵͷĲ˵ƻò㿴۾Լˡ
ĺȷʵһЩĺͽžƾҲЩͬƵ⣬׼ʲôʲôԵøֻСƵġ
ٺ٣ԡŤͷһƵ۾µĳᳶ˳ʵ۾ҽ￴Сʱ򱻷˺öྭ飬˵ôʵСʱͦƤ˵˵ǰΪʲôˣ֡
Դ˰죬Ժ⣬۾һûһػش𣺡ǷҲ͡ͳ顭
˵ʲôĪؿĺͣ˭ΪʲôҪ飿
֣ĺ͵Ӷʱһ룬ֱӣβ̽û˵𣿡
ûҡҡͷ˭ܳ𣿡
ĺЩϣΪһӣȻû˵𣿡
ƾѵǷʲôȣ
Ҳȡĺ֪ԼǶιһλԷжɡ
ŶƿȻйŵǸûΪʲôҲˡ
վһ̳δľƣͺȵɣǸٺȣ۾Ųȥˣ̧ȥˡ
ĺҲվ˿λԺЩ֣סƣҲУøҴ֡
ƻعָԼıӣȻһƻСñܱ
ĺͣɼѵڳС
ʼҪݣͻȻһֵʲô͵ۻץסĺ䣬ǰ˵ʲôţҵСޣ˵ֻë֨֨𣿡


63

ĺͱͻĶסȻ԰ôˣ
ʯ֮䣬ƼһЩɢĻ棬ĺͲ֣֪֨֨ʲôСޣޣ
ͺЩƣֱôһĺӷɣҲ֪
ƿһȻһգת幬ȥȥһ˷
㡭ƸոԶĺһͷֿȻվĵ۾һܹȥ쿴۾ɫ۾ôˣ
ĺͣë󣿡
ûƵģĺͻһСʵ۾ûк𣿡
û𻰣һԾ幬
۾δƽϷԼĴ֮ĺ˿ӣҲȥ
ԽӶŵļλү˰ҲûԼʲô飬˯֮бܡ
һûȾͿʼ˵֨֨أ֨֨ǲǡܶǰײʲôǲԭģ
ҧгݵЦͷֱ˵
˵һͷ亹ؿ˿һԵ۾λ۾ӷһӾţһԲһİ޳
ҡƸ˸ؿڣ˿Ҽǵã񡢾ǺܶǰҼ֨֨ţԲԣǲһֻޣᡭ
ޡ۾ֽ֣졣
ƿһۣͷԣҾ˵ҿǸͼ졪֨֨ǲޣ
⼸λҹԼȳġ
﷭˸ۣЦǣȥʱһ٣֨֨ԪҵֵһɵǣСʱҲǶҵ꼰˹ȥιȥ֮ǰ֨֨Ԫ
ƼôսǲǾޣ
ͻȻĿҭһ£Ҫش𣬺Ȼһֱĵ۾͵վĺ콫קԼǰ
Īתִ
һۣƲƲ죬סӵڳԶһ㡣

ûе۾˿Լ
ԭھ޴ĳУ߰ɴţʱЩգһ£ңȥ
ٶ۵ؿһԼסĺ죬֡ûƻͻȻץס׾³֣Ҳ
ſڵĺ;ʱһ˵ı飺Ҿ˵ǻأ

ǣ֣ͷȻشҵ⣡
ŶŶǣ֨֨ޡվСܹ۾Ŀ⣬£
ϴϲƣһˣʲôʱβ
û˵ðβŷһ
Ӵˣĺͼʱ»ص۾Ǹ֣ȥֲɷ˵ؿ۾Ȱȥģ
⡭ָָȥĵ۾ָָƣһʵı顣
õ۾ȻôСƸ̾һһƣ
ŶŶн¡
֪ǸˡƲ֪Ӻν˰֯ԣǸģʲô۾˵ҵĲҪҵޣҲǲ޴ž֨֨ʡ
򴽣ʵ֨֨ҲżȻȻΪֻһֻСޣûҾٱȡѰǸģֻҽУǱȴ˵ʲôҪֻȥǡ
Ķأ
룬ذաСһˣò˼ձȥرûڵڼȥأ׼ҵ
СҪߣȻʲôͣסŲʵһҺܺ棬ô߼Ķôᱻ˱ˣ
٣СɲţҲȹһЦһ𣬡Ҳʧʱ
Ʒ˸ۣ֪ޣһ
Ȳǲ֪ޣ֪ʱ򡭡ϰ߳Ȼ˶٣ֻҶɽʱ仯Ҳ٣ֻ֪ݣ֣һ֪ʲôβĹЧء
ֻޡһû¶ƽϵôãؼʱ̣ӦûԸһѡ
ǸҪߣȻסĲӦò˵ߡҪգ
۾ûҡƶЦЦ۾Ʒһŵùģ˺֨֨һġ


64

ûԵø壬ųرһȦû֨֨ӰòڴƼžһ˭֪һOO@@һƬĺҶζһ£ĳһһŵСƻæչ
֨֨һ£ڻеԴһ˫۾ơ
ƾԼȻ˫۾￴ɻԷؿڽͣһ飬˵
֨֨ˣͷĲ˲䡣
Ĭ˻ı֣˵ޣ԰ɣ
ԭǵĽëʻ͵̧ͷĺëƵ裬һҪ롣
ûжģæסһֻǰצֻһæ
ʱ֨֨Ѿȥһȥһ߿˿ڣЩ䣺ҵ
һ㶣ԭ˵˵Ԫ˵ǰôû˵
ӳдģΪһڣ鷳ġ
ιԭĵƢ˿Ҳվ̲ˣÿȥӶô尡
ھĬ룬䲻鲻ԸЭӵķϣ˵ɣʲô£
ⱲӺίûôƹȻ֪˲òͷﻹǷǳˬϾΪԼֻСѡ
ˣһӲŲί
ȵȣԷԶĽŲ֨֨æӳдܳϻŲæ䣬˻ôƢܲˡ
ƶסţͷƳ
ֻë˶䣬߰˵ɣʲôҪҵģΪѰһ㡣
ƣ
Ǹ䣬ǰ
ʱˣӣ˫ַϥϣüЦƫأ
ߡͷȻң˵·ҲɡҸ㣬ʮؿɾôһֻޣûꡣ
Ӵ죬ϸҪҵæأ
֨֨ں֪طӦڶŪԼŭطһġޡ
ðɲˡư˰֣ʵҲ֪æҪôֻ۾˵Ҫ㣬ҰңҲҵġʱȷһǲޡ
֨֨͡һвգҲ
úúáЦаɣȥſţյ۾˾ƣٺ㡣
ȥɣҾһϡ֨֨ͷҲأҡ̤ء
ϡڶԼ̬ȣ·̬һѵǰȵĽë󣬱¶ݺչֳıĿ
ص幬ƱΪԼ԰ĵȥ˯ˣûȴһɵĳ桪۾Լͩʫĺ;ҪקȴŲɹӶˡ
ƱԱһĻϣ۾²鿴̫࣬˸ɵӰɣ
ĺûػͷ˵й򣬲ܹô
ƣһƻ
ͷĺͱ뽫ӹȥϣһת۲֪ӵ˺δֻ
̾˿һһ߽أǲӲקġú壡
վͩ£ĺգգ۾š
ĺ;Ƶһۡ
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ĺͱСһʶĵøҹ³治֪λô۾˵ֲҪĴʻġ
ػֻǶƣ˿Ƶģ
ðΣ㻻ķӣȻڴ
ƾȵؿĺͣոȥʱѵȥô
ĺһӣȥġ
ڡƻеľ֮飬۾ȴǰ
뿪ڼ壬ǰȥͷһ˫۾еĴ޹Ҫ
һһδлعʱ۾ﲻݣҹô
ãƻ̧֣СָͶ䣬ԳΨһһ־ѵĺ;ʵҶǲˣ
ĺͼѵһĭҾȥܲ۾ҲϹ
˵תͷͬؿһۣƵģ۾˼Ҳôҵ³ͱȽϲˣԽҹĵ۾Ͱˡ
䣬ĺͱһƵؾˣȥ幬⡣
Ϊĺ;һ־壬þòҵĹµóˡ
ͷ죬εϱǲǷһֵİ̡
ǰ۾ʵĲ鷳Ϊ޲֣Ҳʫֻǲ
ţԷţϷҲŹ
û취ֻøɴôڷһҹ
۾ҲڣԱߣ۾ض촽˵ʲô
ȻشĦһ´ʵģ̲ס˯˹ȥ
˯ʾͼ䣬еԼ§סҲʶ˳˰Ȧ£˭ĻУ߻ֹ߶߶
ܻؼˣôġ
ǰȥģȴˡǲ̫ãͻ᲻ôˣ
ϲòӦǲҲվᱻʱĨúƽ
ǺܶˣΪʲôôϲ
Ϊʲôô
ΪðΪ
֪Ϊʲô˼𣿾˭û˭ȥ
Ҳû㣬㣬Ҳûҡ
ˡܶܶɻǣ㡢ں㡭Ҳںǡ
㻹ǵǸΪܶ£ǳڵ壬ǳС
㲻ֻˡ
߶ĻԽԽƵԴȴԽԽ
ϵȻЩŨصľ۾Щߺ޵
ֻ㡣
ӲҿҪһ㲻ܲҪҡ
ֻ㡣
˵䣬û˵˯ˡ
ȴ˯ҲûУֻǳ룺˭أ
ЩǶ˵ģΪʲôȴôܣ
֮ǰᵽ۾չؽһ꣬žɽϹéݷǷϵŮӣô˵ϲǹһöˣԼ仹
ŮӵݣԴ̾˿ֲǰҵķ㶼ϲء
Ȼһμʱ˵ԼǷ壬۾ʧصɫ૵˵ǸǷ𣿿ûнİ
ϲǸŮѾԪ˰ɣŵ۾ͷ̾˿۱ô۰ʱ͵ϲˣеĵ˻ء
ٲãҲа㲻ǻʹô
뵽ٿһ٣ԼԺͷˡ
ðΣʰǣԼһƣǸض̫|棬ԲסС뷨ĳϴ
׵䶼ûءţӷ
лҪ˵֮ǰ̫࣬ϸôʵڱǸini...

65

ʱֱЩ飬һֱ˯ƣĽǶȣֻܿƵķ
ãûŲԼ̧ۣԴͷò
˯Ұһ죬ת˸
ľֱ۱Դһ룬۶۵ʹ̲ס̾ˡ
۽޶˶룺Ҳ֪Ͼ˭Ƚڡ
ʵѾˣ̧ͷʱ򣬲Ϊ̫ۣۣ־ŵ۾ŵƹֻ÷ԶһЩ
̾һ㲻˵ôһĹ˯ˡ
ʱͣƷĻ񣬶ʹһžõһ޿̵쳯ԴȥĿԹ÷·ð̡
ĺ;վԺͣеĿӣ仰˵֨֨һͻ˷λҪҪˣ
俴ĵ۾ѵίʵԸģ˰̻ûþܲۡ
ֱƵͷڵõѣɫʰֱۣ˹š
ƻͷŷԼŵ۾ֱ˯һϣĪЩ˼
ӷȥԶθԴתעƵĳ嵽ĺǰеĿӣͷһã޳ӱ㻹֣۾أ˭ĵӣ
ĺԣ򷿶һۣЦӯӯ۾أƽ㳳ֵġ
ɻػͷʵûɫǳϲãɵĺ
û˼۾ѾǰԸȥʰʰھȥ
Ƽûĺ;Ĵ㣬ЩȣҲô룬طһԼŵ۾幬һµĺ͡
Уڵǣǹ°͵ȥɣͦˡ
۾һͷҲæȥĺͼ״ҲϰԵҪţһѳס
ĺɻؿȴϼһЦҼ֨֨û˵Ҫ¡
ĺͣôĶĶң
һЦĬӡ
ݣӳȴֻë󣬶۾ôޡ
ëܳʮĹһʵһ𣿡
̧֨֨һƤܡ
ٺ٣ҪҪܾܡƴ߹ȥߣë
֨֨˸ۣ
ֻ֪޵ԶԶԼʮֿ˸
֨֨״˱ܣҳе۾񡣡
˸ͷ㣬Ӧġ
֨֨̿ƣдˡƼû˵ӡ˼תķ򣬵˵ͷ۾ΪһޣҲϽ΢ʱܵһϣ⣬Զ꣬£Ҳǡ
ѾĻ׺٣
ƶݺݵ֨֨Լᵽ۾ʱûʲôӦȴô˳
֨֨ĻƬ̣Ȼ뵽֨֨˶꣬ǵ뱻֮ǰʹڵޡ
ͬһ㣬Ҳ壬ˡ岻ͬǣǲԷǣǵҲ֮
Ҳˣǲᾭ٣ΪԱ仯仯֮ԵʮֲЭжΪţҺķ˳ǱҪһ㶼Ԫʾˡ
޷ͨܺȻȻĶʮ⣬ܹһֻ޵ĸ̫ˣһһֻҲһޣޣԹҲ֨֨һֻ
ҲϷɵġˮεģ͵ܵģҲűرػ
޲һҪһֻͬˮܳɻһģ㲻ǵƬ̫ԶҲΪʲôħɺΪʮڵѾԭ
̶ֳȣʵѾؾ̬ˣĵؽ磬Ƿĵؽ磬ܹɻʵʧҲ֨֨һޣֻΪޱϡ٣ΪܹǿԶĸ޼һʱûѡ
ΣվޣҲ֮ͬޣޣˣǷ廹壬ὫչΪΡ
ôЩʧȥ˹ӻǣ񶼹أ
Σգˣ˭Ըһӻ֮ǰ
ľΥسһ˿Ϊ۾Ρ
ЩһֻȴδǹΪһ۾Σ۾ֻһͷĻģ
ĺ˹ʵ˵ܹˣ
ߣëһ٣֨֨ź㱼ԼƿԳЦЦ
֨֨ҲûʲôϾףҲˡ
˶٣ƺ˼⻰׸ò˵ðΣ¶ļȻѾҵĹ˵ʧҶشʱùߵʱײϼֻҲ磬ЩûסиƯѵǣұû˳Ϊ£ּˣͻصʱڡǼģֻģ֮ұһȣһֱ
ʱڣ˾ô
ǰ֨֨˻ͷǶǺüʮǰˣܻôãתţҲǼǰҵ¿ʼɡʵ̫˲֪ת˵ʱתҲ̫أܲҪ죬òײתһֻҰɽɹԺûֶñ̲סԼ̣һͷ
ƼֻһһǡФ㿪ʼƪۣۿ֪Ҫȥæϣôˣ
֨֨ĻֹסãҡҡͷԵ۾æֻܾΪʵ޿κΣҲ۾Ҫ
ԣֻǵڣβ㣿
֨֨һ֪۾ʲô˼ҡͷвУ۾ݸ߹ôңҲһֻСޣҲ򲻸ҳе۾ݶ
ƱĻĪǸһˣôֺݳϹϵˣ
֨֨תͷؿһۣ֪η顣
޷һν̬ȣҲûƽֻͣ͵Ϊ˰ҡ
Ŷ֨֨ͷ֪۾ңҪҰʲôæ
ҿżϽ޵һ˫۾֮ܿϵ һָۣƵбʩ˽ܿüϽϵ˭ô
֨֨ƣ۹۲˰죬̾˿ҡͷ۾ˡֻԼϵǼߣȥ
ްһֻ֣㣬Ƿܸϵϵǽϵߣ˵ϣ
֨֨۾Ļʱǳרע۾һ䣬²ѡʱЩϵҲܿüţʱֻԭϵϰҪϱɡ
һϾЦ⣺Ȼˣȥ幬뷨ˡ
⡭֨֨ЩΪѡ
ѽ⻹ԥʲô֨֨Դһģڰ۾æѽ
̧֨֨ͷƣ˼˵ĳ硣һ㶣ʱȻصͷȻˣл۾ˡ
˵⻰α㼱СֱؽëģƷʣ֨֨ԷԴϴԺҵͱʱʱת䣬СʱģȽʡһұ㱣ģˡ
꣬ءŶһ
۾ǰ˽ҲӦ·֪¡
˷ţĺ;͵ǰԶ֨֨ͷԾƵļͷ
ŲͣԱʱȻһ˲ڵл
Ϊ֨֨µлæ񣺡۾
վƼͷ֨֨ȴ֪۾һлʲôۿЩȣŤͷƲһ
ĺͼҪߣæҲ˱СŸϡ
λԶʱɵ̾һһ𣬲ŷȷҲͬͨ޵Ľɫϵǰ㴿ء
ѾԶ֨֨ͷԶķһۣЦһɲĵͷпĶࡣ
ȻһԲ״ĺͿһӼè顣
֨֨Ƴһۣ߰û
ص幬У۾ȥæưӶŪ֨֨ĺ;Ա߿֡
˰Σ۾ڴӳжһ밾ѩ׵ݸƵܲӡ
ĺһ㡱֣ըëӵϱʲô˼ĵ̰
Ƴһۣѣ㸸ҲûֹңϹʲô
ĺͣߣ
תͷҪߣ֨֨һצӳס䣺ֻ˼Ȳݶѡ
ĺʹ£˵
ƱĺͶЦһ仨롰һߴӺ﷢Цһ߽˶ǡ
Цĺڼװ˭Ҳûע֨֨ȻӵԾȥܵʮ⣬Ƶ۾˸ӵɫʡ
ڳֻҲֻӸȻȲݵζţǴŵһ˿޵ζ
Ѫζ
֪֨֨ǷСҲ֪񲻵һ֪꣬ǰ۾ͱ˹ء
֮䵽ʲôϸõ۾˶Դ
ӷſ۾Ƶʱ֨֨ѾҪըˡ
۾ݸһ˳ֽˣҪ죬ȻòԾ̧ʵЯأ
۾ӣЯǷ˳ӷõġ
ŶҾ˵Ʋ콫һߣһˣġ
һǹĺ;
ʲô
ŵ۾سĹ֨֨æȥСסԼĺģϸϸʵ۾Ϊ˰СɣǰͱչˣҲδǰΪҪΪɷѿأ
ǰ塣Դ֨֨ʱܻż⣬Ҳģǰ˵ߵһƯİǾ
֨֨һҼǵáǹƺǽ
ǱˡһЦĳɽסһʱա
ɽûô˵
ÿɷϴ뽫ϣӲ˲֣ת˳
֨֨æţ߶ЩҶڷ俴֪ЩҲʵ
Ȼͣ˼ؿǰ
˳۹⣬֨֨ĺ;˵ЦһֳͷϷЦ⣬üۼȴƣ·һҪ˯š
ɻ󣬱۾Ȼת˸ȥ
֨֨ıűߣʵ۾ȥĶ
ȥһҽ飬ҪΣҲŰգһϸһ
˶٣һҲ뵢ˡ


66

ڵ۾ҽʱƹȻԺ˯˹ȥ
ʱĺ;˵˵˵ŷû˻תһѾͷȻѾ̱ϣΪȻ˹ȥŵ඼ͣˡ
Ȼֻ˯ˣĺµؽķ䡣
֨֨Ĳ޷Ȼؽڻеԭһʧһ¸صˣĽ᲻⣬޷ػɱһԭϵûܵһʱõҽΣ˼ʮ꣬۵־ʹҪҲû㹻ֻΪأǿյһЩ
ʧ飬ԼҲѾ˳ûа취ȥοˣֻܴҽ޵֣Σκϵˡ
֨֨꣬Ҳֻ̫ͣƶһҽļƻѭ򽥽ӡҩ
ʮصɽԵһóҽһֻشطᲢۡ
ʵʲôҽءǲǽԼһҩġĹЧĥþ°ˡ
ҽα˵ֶΣԴǴԼȡҩ
֨֨۾ҪԸʱҲԸӦ
ֻǺɴҲԼһζҩģܽܵ۾⡣
۾ǷݼƻУдÿμҪӶѪƬ롭
ֻ֨֨Ƴһ۱㲻ٿȻԼΪҩκ֮󣬱Ψһܹлˡ
ʱǰ
һۣͿ֨֨ſԼͷߣһ
֮֨֨ǰ۾ԸĻæ´֪ܵͨ۾Ѿ顣
۾ڿҽĺ;Ա߰ش
֨֨վ
һžͿ۾Ÿ볯ԼԶżȲݵζ
ǡüȻӹ˵۾룬һ߱Թһߺζŵġ
۾ĵذҸ㻻һ
ĺԣȻ̧̧üë
ƺվɽ뻹۾ĺͲظ˵۾
תƿĵطֹʵҸʲô뿴ǲɱ㣿
ǡĺüе룬Ȼʱ룬ڱǰϸš
ĺͣԭΪȲݶĲʲôĹЧոô׾ʹӦһβҩܲӰɣ
ĺͽԴŲȻѪ
ĺ֪ô⣬治ɫûתߡ
ĺ͸ȥǲе̫ˣôûֹˣԭΪ֮ǰΪԪѾ˼£ô⻹ѪأһٵιҪιʲôʱѪ޵İɡ
Ķô໰ͷ̧̧е룬ɫԥؿһһζѡǰȹҰյѪǷһˣôû˿֮ģ
ĺſԼʲôʱѪȻϡԼƺȷǺȹѪǽ졣
ǰ¶ˡ
λСǼĵ۾湻ܼǳġ
Դ칬໵ëӲخʱصңҲøģڽ֨֨һ˿Ȥ
ԺʱڶŪ֨֨ȻЩԼ
ǵһһİӣ̰棬ԼֻҪʱʱ̿ȴδǹҪôЩʱա
ϲʲôأǰϲ̳칬ƺҲôˣоβָϵǿʯˡ
ǰһľ붨ڲøҵʲôӲС
ţ˹ȥ˼Ƭ̣칬һ԰ŮǶϲǴ棬ģҴȥ䣬Σ
̧ͷãȻؿҲİ
칬ұûùͨʯ
ΪģԲûǸ֨֨ĶƤҸǴһͦģҲĺ;ҲãǶô
һ٣ȥҡһ𣬲Ȥô
ᰡƼ·Щʧӣֱͦ˱չȥǶкö£ÿǽǰЩ£ߣƵģǳ˼
۾ɻ󣺡ߣʲô
Ǻ˼һ򣬷ſ֨֨ܿת˻⣬֮ǰ֨֨˵ʲôʧ֮ģǸʲô
ûܸѸתƵĻ⣬һŴǸҹ֡
˼Ȼһطôʧأ
Щ˵
һȻǾ˵ǲû
ǾһҲûʲôģҲ㽫ħ鰤Ÿһ顣
һ㽲˺üʱΧ˫ȫþ۾˭Ҳûд˯
ħʱƻȻءŶһԭһֱ
źȲĹ˸ͷ
ƼԭѾԪˣôΰķʽֲôϲءȻ㿴ˣҲˡ
ûȲ豭ʵʱ֪ԣҺʱǰΡΪʲôΪϲϲ
۾ϲ˰죬û˵Ǹʡ
Цģȫĺ;׹ļüŪۣ˵ѽ

һ졭˵ʲô
㡭ƿ˿Χ쳤˲Ե壬ŴʵҲû˵ʲôǽ˼ѡϲԼµġ˵һ˺˾ƽг֣ϲĶ˭
ԵĲɫ˲ӣϾȻȤɫ
ǡһƬֺȻȻΪôΪʲôҴû˵أģӦר趨һʲôģÿ굽ʱͰۼһ𣿡
Цһ־òǰı֣㽫ԴǹȥˣҲûʲôֵüġԣخܹúõػţõı˰ա
ԭ̫ͬĹ۵㣬֪Ϊʲôûܳ磬ֻȻҺͣóеôΡԺҪˣҲֲȥš
һ𣬿㲻ָκԼϵĲ𣿡
밡Ʋػؿȥܲһκòô˰ɣ
ڳλ壺
ĺվʮ۹⿴һ۵۾ļ磺һط˯ȥˡ
֨֨ڵ۾ϥϲ˲䣺ϣ۾Ҫ̫࣬ҹܹߡ
޹ʿ߸ɾˣƲŰѸղűõĻ˵ڣʵϽ֣šŶˣ㻹˵ܹҪ㣬˵ùֿġ
ʱԼҪúÿһΪˡ
û۾£ȷ಻١
̾˿ѧŵ۾ԼԴĵ۾ͷʮ˾ذοʵ㲻ֻԼ㿴ĺ;һֱǺģ԰ɣڻ˸֨֨Ҳں㡣ҡ
ͦԼظģôãҶأȻûʲô¶įʱҪ˵˵ҶڵġԺһخҲʱң֨֨Ҳа
õĳĬһԲضǰغ·һҲû䡣
ڲʱѡ
ãʵǰ˵ҴһĵĻǰοҵô
ǲǣ֣һУ˵ĶģҴƭˣģ
һЦͷ֪ˣлл㣬ȥ˯ɡ
ٵȻһȥһˣͷ͸ȥ
üʲô
ǰҲǴǶ˼ʮʯ𣿡ͷ͸¯ӣҲֻ֪û͸켱ȥ֨֨˴͹ȥ
Ŷ۾˶٣״Ʋʲô
Ҳûʲôͣ͸һŶɡ˵ţƴͳһ˶Ľɫ顣
Щ졣
㱼ǵáǰѾͷ͹Լһһģһĺɫ顭
ʱΪʲôţ
ˣΪԼӼһĹ¾˳
ԼķǸһأΪǿźɫж౦Լ첻شڻء
۾÷ܵİοʱɢĴʱǰŽɫͱһ޴Ŀ
æŽԼͳȥûüչ˵۾˵С飬ǵ۾ڳԹ϶ףԸ£ʧһҹ
ԺƼ칬һ£ŵ۾ĺͻŻ£ת۵һԺҪӡ
һ磬ԴخϹӱקͷʵǲǰˣ
۾˯ʵؿһۣãȻʵ
ˣǶںüǰخ㻹ţǲҲͳˣʹקһѣ𴲸ȥڻæţû磬Ҫˣöѹ
֪ˡû˯ѣѹû˵ʲôߺ˸˯
ߣ
һĪչ֮ʱ۾һǰ˯Ƭ̣ߵա
ߵͷԾ˳ȥ
ţλǴӵһ𣬾һֱô⡣
ƣҡҡСֱۣˮȣϲϺڶԡ
ĺڵʱ򣬴Ҷ˻磬ÿ춼˯˵۾żƿС
һ¹ȥҲϰ˵۾ͻȻʱؽ𴲣һҲգΪ֪ԡ
ÿ糿𴲵ĵ۾ö
۾δȫת˼ɳƣЩĥ˶䣺Ϻڶ𣿡
ԡ۾ЦʮᣬÿˣȻһĺͿɾͳԲˡ
ھҪ𴲣ȴ춼ûֱϳûܹʲô
۾·һѣ㣬㻻·ϴ˾ͿЩ
۾ŷ㶣ðŵ˸ͷ
һӺ߾ȵؿԼǸһܴ峿ŮȻѾ緢سӣû˯⡣
ֻһ˲߾ͷŮûע⵽վǰףһͷĳɢζĵطţӽӣҵĽأ
ã۾ӳ˳һڵȣæ˹ȥ
ߣ
ڷ㶣֣󲻷Ҳ
ѹϺڶġ
߲
Կڸ֮ûʲôִ֮ķȫ޷Իġ
۾кƲϡ֮ǰƺҲ˭Լ𴲣תͷԼףæվܹȥһӵҺ㣡
ٴԶԵ״̬
ûС
һԿųԵýζƣ߲ɵӶתĿ⣬۾ӵ۾һˡ
һЦδ
ҲǣŨţĻܿء
ԾԼûһת˸֪۾ɷخμҷ᣿
ƣԶ˶٣ЦжҴŻЩңȻ֮ϲұ㲻ȥͽķˡ
߻˵䣬ּ۾ȷʵûʲôȥ˼ֻա
˽ӣʰѣһߵ߰ɣ
ģ幬ļң˷ǰخȥա
˵ǵ۾֧ߣ龰ҲҲЩζ
ߵҲã˴λȥԶסգĸĸ
ƲΪذڰ֣һ¶ѣȥˣҲأⲻáҵæŹ磬㡪ǰף
ߣûûεСѾͷ
ٺ١Ƴ֣ȥɱˣҹͻ

ֽúðûʲôʱûӰҲ
Ϸҵ
һΪһ۾һС£ҲÿҪģֻÿʱŻ¡һ㡣
겻꣬ʵҲûи̫ʢ
Ƶخʱһæдˡ
˵ʱ𣬼һһȻû£һضҪģһҪú׼һϲͷǼƽ֮ǰ¡
ʵڲ֪ʲôüһͷ˰죬ֻܴԼľȡ챦һÿСװˡ
·輧һԴʽ룬üһͷķʽɶˡ
ʮ֣һڴӰæ֮ߵԺſڣɿسһŻӰת˲֮䵽ǰճϲ
һûŮԴһʱˡ
Һ㰡ôù
һûüӦȻеձһĶһ£ͬʱһġ࣡
ԶԺſڵĬĬסҵ룺õ۾ڡ
Ȼƾٶ쳣Ҵ󵨣ġһ֮еȫ֮ǰĲ죬һһŮãŮǵСްЦǺǴ
ظһ
ҹԼΥСϣ˯һȾ
ڶһ磬۵Ļخخ֮һڴСȫ˰ݺأ̧ȥȫǺѹѹͷͷ
ԭܺãתȴһʮֲ


67

˾һյƣЦӯӯҲخÿݷһΣҲҼ尾̫á

Ʒ˸ۣͷߵķҪԶǷ֮ء

λȴģϸûƵͻͻֱ֣ԭͲخǸ۾ɱҽĺӣƤڣ͸ùˡ

Щ˵ƴСѾ˾ռߣֻ˸ƨ

û취ڮ١

ô˵Ѹ̫ãįô
񶾵Ļ˭˵һҧгݵţһ˻ȥ˾ɷҲǻҴŰɣôôƤڽô겻أּҲ֪ô˵ɣҲףִȣûĸķԷء

Ҳһʶɫ࣬Цȴôһķ嶼ǡ˼סߣҲ֪ĸ˶ģƽҽ

ƳҵȷһŮȷȷʵʵǷ۷ѪҲϣݲ˵˵Ҫҵʱ۾һ뷨跨Ҫڳһ졣

⻰ȴ˶ȻŭЦ̲סһѣ۷ѪǸѧĳѾͷֶ֪壬ȻǵѪѪô

ס

ǰ˴ֻ֣СҰ֣ǻδ

ô꣬ôͻȻ

뵽ͻȻʣ˽λĶࡣ

ȻÿοԼẮ׼䣬ʵҲһһε˵ҴʱֻСҰֻ֡кǰ˵ɱ˭˭֮֡ۡ͡

Ҳδ۾

Ϻغһͨƾķң뿴ǰ˻ǹʲôԶˡ

һ֮خ죬ü²Żײһεˣͬ겻ɢĶһ㣬ĶĶܿ

Ʒڻڵϴˡ

칬ȴûеһʱ幬ȥķ

ãеңһױ۾
Ȼʵ㱻۾֪ҲûʲôҪĪõ۾ġ

Ƶģ̣²һҾ͵

ô˵أƵһۣҾ˶ûûȥ緹ء
˵һ䣺ҪΣҺο幬Ĵ˲ͷΪ飬

ӴЦˣεʱţ

Ʒ˸ۡ

̳ʱǺϲʡԺŵģʵû취һʡԺŸ˿ʡԺתΪۡ

ƾۣ¯࣬ÿο۵ӣΪһҪӿ°ĭˡ

аɡһ裬Ҳţ͵ˡߵɶ

˭Ҫˡһ顣

ûֻһЦһĵš

ȻվûסԼĻתһ飬ʵ˵һ᲻ĲҵİҪȻҺԩ޳ģΪʲôôꣿ

ôᡣΪȻǻ壬ܹҪģȻ񶼳㣬˵һͳĻѪ

üɻ˵ʲô塣

һ飬ֵⲻܡ
ҡҡͷǴ־Ḷ́壬㲻ܵõݡ

ƣǡҵ־Ҳڻأ

ԶƬ̣Ϊҡҡͷôɵأңһ򲽽壬Ƿ֪ܲôɱĺӣô㣿

ǳ̵ĸףͷҲǡ

ˣҲˣʲôƲƲ죬ʮسøд˵ɷǱأֺαظôӼƽϣ͵˸ƨ

û뵽ƽʱǶԼ䳰ȷؼʱͦɵúǸжļ

ƽȣȻʵＧ㡭ôҲûȥΪʲôͻȻʼأ

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ҡƴͷ
Ҳ֪ĺĪ˹ǰ˵Ĳ滰ȴ֪ĸоһ˵˵ġ
̾˿Ҫҿ˴ǿ㲻˳ۣǶءҪн黳ȥҵ۾ʣ
ЩΪѣ֮ǰҲǰø
ǵõ۾ʹɣνذڰ֣Ķأ۾˶ˣ˼ѿƺ쳾ὫС·ϡ
ƿ˿ٷĲӣһǡ
˵ܲٲܲ͵ˣ
ƵĻϣһԵѾվ˸񣺡۾
Ե˵ͷתͷƵôȥ
Ƭ̣ȵôˡǣô֪һˣң
۾뿪خʱҷ˸Ϣ˵鲻ãʱȴûȥѰһѰ㡣
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Ϣʲôʱﶼôʱˣ
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۾ʮƽûʲôΪʲô䣬ֻԴǻȥա
ȻǸزסµģ۾ʣ̵÷ܡ
紩ãĺ;֨֨һ𣬴үǶƵرֳȥ硣
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ҲǡʹŲյüëһҾǾò̹Ҳ֪Ϊʲô㱧ԹԹˡ
޵ѾʼػָһֱڹҲǰ취ҸὫ¸ԼҲ
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ຣҪػأſԵ޹ʵģȥخʲô
ȥɻ󡣡
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һϧûʻ߼ΪʲôҲҪҵͬ⣿ǼôҸøлΪʲôҪ
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ʲôգƾÿЦã˾ûźܷգ
۾Ȼתͷ㲻Ǿãһ㣬еôţෳգ
ҲǰƿҪ۾ˣкܶෳʲôܱȻŸҪ
еԥһ仰նøɾ
СѾͷһֵģɵЦˣ˵öԣûʲôܱȻŸҪ
خʱƲŷȥĵطخı߾СԺʮǧȫõĻǸˣڷġ
ǰǺޱ߼ʵڤƬû˵
ίʵûƬʲôرģһסʵڿʲô
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عͷͫ׷ԪɫﺬЩԭ׽͸˫۾ø˷
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ҲĹ磬
㡭Ȼһ£ȴֻǳǣǰ֣ǲ߻ħˣ˭أ
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ѵЦЦұչΣһǰǵڶΡ
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ңħ屻֮ʱеһëĿڵλãƣĵë
ƾõ۾Щ״ԹԼȻίġ
һʱ䣬Լ·ʲôԲ۾£Ҫſڰοȴֲ֪Ӻ˵
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ǺҪΪһߺʵ壬ǿֻܹܣ칬һְֻΪѰһ̥
ǡƲ֪ΪΣЩȭͷʵѰ̥𣿡
֣΢΢̾˿סһ߼򣬡Ҹյ칬ãĺ;ң̥꣬һܹخһ
ǡƴ˿촽ҲЩˣ㡭ûС
ҵʱòڣ󡭡ҵ⣬ȷϡ
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Ƶͷÿ۾֣תãã󺣡
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˼ʱСÿʱÿ̶⣬һСС⣬ʱܶһ
ʱż룬ɾͺˣܹΪɣôͻǿٲ׵رߡ
ٹ˼ľ·һݵΣһʱֲʵ˺üʱԼȷǸ塣
ͣǿ
Ȼʱڽľ
ɵȥǳ̬ͬ·ܲһ㡣
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ʵξһá
һ޼ʵڤͬ˴עţڵĿȻС
ڤȣȣ㲻һֻصĺڤ
ƾԼʵûʲô׷ڤֻ밲ȵػš
һֻСġص·Ҳѡ
룬ΣֻҪžͺá
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ЩԥˣֻҪžͺ
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ֻҪžͺ𣿿ΪԼţǻ𣿡ƿ۾Ժͻ룬ҺֻһΣģ̫ѿˡ
ǰ̾˿ڲһˣԺúûȥûг壬Ҳûеڼϵħ壬ǡǣԺúûȥ
ơǿӲؾַ·йһƵĵ֪ʱҵǸʲô˼ˡ
Щţ㡭
Ҳ㣬ֻǡӣֻǡҾҪҪƣҵúúһ롣
˵㲻⿪ϵĽˣ۾üһֻֿƼеסǲУ⿪ᡭ
һԪƵϣ֪ǼʹҲû취
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δɢǵΣЭúڵԺţҺˣٺ幬
۾еġءȡˣѵûʲô飬ʮֽ͵ص˸ͷ
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خƵĵ̣ӵؿ۾ͷؼң㻯ΪԪԼɻȥȻʲô
۾Ӱתȥʦ𡪡
ü˵ʯͷôܵخˡ
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Ȼ˵ޣƻеزе˼æʣ˵ҵʱ䲻𣿡
һû𻰡
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71

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Ȼû˵ĵСžţ߹һԲ׽۾֡
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촽˶ȴû˵ʲô
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Ժܺõġƺ˹żֿǻ˶ãҲûбİ취ˡ
ڲǰԼ۾ҪҪȥ⣬֪
֪ҲҪúñס˵ʲôҲ֡
ȻǷĲѪ֨֨󣬺ַܿ˶ڡ
ûǰǹɽȵů⻤֪Լڴ̫ã𽻴˼䣬Ըϻخ
ʲôѡ񣬶ܵҪ֪
صȴûеһʱȥҷ۷󣬶ȥ̶
̶Ľϴʱвͬƶ̶ߣ˿̵ľȴͬˡ
̶֮·һʲô
ã˸ƣϣ̶һСʯͷʯͷǡһƬҶںһˮ涯¶ӡ
ͨˣԽ˵ⱾͲǶѡһ⣬԰ɣҾı߶֡ı߶ҵġ
һҪ۷˵ĻŶȥ
ʱǰһڴʱһһǵСԺеġ
ƻȥȻǷһ̸ЦǺҲȡ
֪ҪƼȥȴû£վһԣԵЩִ١
һĲȻУȴҲɫ糣СѾͷ˭خӵù۾
ˣûһ죬ɫüׯء
ߵһûסһѽԣ£֪Ҫ˵ʲôҲһģգôѲɻ󶼲ˣ
æҲǡ
ǲ͵ˡһףƣҲΣҲ˵ֻ֪ǴҶģһҵĺӣΣ㲻ܲҡ
ƴͷŮ㻹ǰ簮ô
˵ʲôأ㱾ģߴһƣŽŵһŮұض簮簮㣬ΪΪҵŮһѾˣһϣܿĵػš
ǡƵͷûܽǰλ˵
Ѿ˵ùˣԭҲʲôԥ
ˣͬĻƷʣһѾ¾Ƶİ˰֣ʵѾܾˣӶ
෢۵ۿҽڵԺ˯
УһЦ춼̺õģﶼԣﶼļң𣿡
ƷɿشӦһ䣬û̧ͷǡ
Լһ̧ͷֹסᣬԵʮֽ顣
ڶգƻ幬
ĺ;˵۾һαչرΪȫԪһΣչؽꡪһҪأ
ԺҲ幬סֻΪÿȥȡ۾Ѫû֨֨ˡ
żܸȥ۾һۣ֮һϢرخߵտһʱգٴν
վãƾԼƺ˲٣۾ȴδѡ
ֱĳһ糿ţ칬·ˡ
һʲô
ߣ˵ǵ۾ˡ
Ŷáɿشѣ칬ȥȴȻס
˿̡еӵ
Ӧˣ˼뿪
ڴϷ˻
˼õĻҪ۾˵ȴ֪ԼǼܲ˵óڡ
ȻʲôûͨʯѵԻ
[һС]۾
ԷһϢ
[Ŵѩ]㡭ô֪
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[һС]³
[һС]㣬˭ɾ̳ӣֲ˺ء
[Ŵѩ]
[һС]۾л˵治˼㲻ɣ
[Ŵѩ]⡣
Ĥһͷ۾ڱϣãβָٴ
[һС]㻹ǵãιȥ֮ǰڤߵʱ˵Щ
[һС]˵˺ܶ࣬һһֱûᵽ
ƶ˶٣дţ
[һС]ǰǲûжװ
۾ıݺݵײһ£ҲԼǸʲô飬˸֡
Ƭ̣־شЩģɣֲһ䡰ûС
ưԵ÷·޹أ
[һС]Ϊʲôף˼ǵϲ㣿
۾һǸǳѶȵ⣬Ǳؾػش𣺡δкʵʱ
ƷǳϬָҪ㣺Ϊ˼ʮ꣬ʲôʱʱ
[Ŵѩ]ΪȻûκʱ
۾־䣬صʮСģ
[Ŵѩ]֮Ĺϵԭϸ΢״ƽ⣬޷ԤʱҲȷԼܹδ֪ĺ
ƻصúܿ죺
[һС]˵ôûʣʵϲɣ
۾ĬΣԶԡ
һˡ
лҪ˵޸һbug۾չҪܾã֮ǰд̫(?_?)

72

ƺȻЩЦ
һ۾ȻûϢ˿һĤ
[һС]۾һһˡ
ԣûΪͻȻ֮ǰĻת䡣
һʵһ۵䡣
ģǸŮģ
ʵԭҲ޷޳ɵģصҲǷ۷Щӣڱݵط˳Ҳͯģǰʲôģԡһʽ͡
ΪƻΪҲ˺ܴĴۡ
Ҳûа취ⶼ۷Сʩѹ
ڿҪһˣǸŮˡ
֪ͻȻʲô˼ûлػÿһ仰ͬһףͻһ̻ըһƬѤõĻ
[һС]˵һͬ˱껪͡
[һС]ҿ翪ꡣ
ҲûϢ̫شɢǰһĤ
[һС]۾ǰϲϲ㲻Ҫ
[һС]Ϊϲˡ
һСһ̹صĤ
̫ˡ
롣
һء
ͷȥһֻּססĵط۾ǿҪˡ

Ϊ˷ֹʹԼٴηԪҪǿԼ侲Чʵ΢
˰Ŀڣ´Ĥβָͣƺһ˺ܶϢ
[һС]ף
[һС]ôˣ
[һС]
[һС]ȥأҪҪôƻգ
[һС]ιιι۾

[Ŵѩ]ڡҿˡ
ƵϢ̻˹
[һС]
[һС]ʲô㿴ˣġ˼
[һС]費ҪٸҸǸɫĴ
ƿ챻۾ˣԷĬƬֱ̣˵ʣĶ㡣
ʲô
Ϊ˼רλ۾ûе
[һС]Ķ
[һС]أܸܲҵĻӦ
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룬Ҫ̼С
ưûܵõӦﲻණ˼ΧڣΪʲôӦң
֮͵õ˴𰸡
ʱѾӷ߳վ·Ǿ⧲ؿ˺ȻԺӰ
۾ɫܲ԰ף촽һɫҲûУһƻء
Ϊ飬ȱŭͷ𣿣
ҡ
ۿץԼһ·õ˵ȫԺҲûӵ뻳
һ𸴡
˲䱻жѨƵģڵ۾ıﲻˡ
룬µõ˵СЦһЩԳ˵һܶĤ֮󣿡
˸û˼̧ͷ
˶٣ȴЩƫʵ֮ǰ̸飬㶼ô㡭Ը⡭
ˡƽؿڴԸ⿪ϵĽԸûЩǡ
һ̧ͷŵ۾ҲҡҺǰͬˣļ䣬һƵļ䣬һҵŮҲ֡㡭Ӧ𣿡
㡣һǣЩҲ⡣
˹ֵҪҪǰļҶ⣬ֻȥ
ⰡҪǰ£Ϊʱ򣬲ȻֻԼǵãǶҺܲƽ𣿡
ûüҪν仰ƫˣո˵Ҵ𸴵ġ
㡭ڻС
СʲôСƲͷص㲻ǰҲһˣǿԶˡ
۾ʱҲЦˣô룬㲻ǶΪҹӲдΪ˭
ʲôӲдһ˵Щ᲻ú˵
ãҷһ¡
۾ԴͣƬ̣֣صص
ȫ־㡣
һ˺ܶ꣬ɽ飬ԲŴѩ
㲻ڵЩ꣬ҵɫȴҲһ֡
ҰɫкףӰӡ
ɰҲԶǿ̳ˡԲڶõȫǶ͡
ܲģ
Ψһֻѡ
ڽ·õĻȻȫ˵ˡ
ʹһ½ƱڻУ°ͣ·
ʲôҪأ
롣
Ѿˡ


73

ء۾ӵţûһЩһ̧ͷ԰׵ɫءʱˡ䡱ΪұҾͻԭ㣬Ͽҹȥ
￪仨÷壬ûŭ£׽󣬴˼СʣҪһ𣿡
ƴ˸սôĵطô㣿
۾ڴصԱһֻһͲˡ
å㣿Ʒ˸ۣʲôȤζ

ȥ˷һ˵Եʣòƶúܶ࣬ǰʮֲúŪ
̾˿˶Σһ幬𣿡
ȥкɡƵͷԼס֣˶٣ĵ۾ֱҡ

ûȻͷʲôʱخװôûûֵ幬ܣǲҲ̫ã
۾סһĨɵĺɫۿɼٶȴĴܵ˶
㡭
ааɣ֪Ҫ˵ʲôӵػ˻֣ЩĵҲǵһˡ
۾һε÷ǳʵǳָòˣɽԺ󣬵۾㳹û˭ܹԼһʮʱֵܰϰʱ
ĺ;еز۾СＧ֮䲻ͬѰգʮֻǵ뿪幬ȥ߶һӣ֨֨Գܵݵѹ
ֹ£۾ȫָҲÿնܰʱ˼֮ࡣ
֨֨ڵ۾չ֮ʱȬϽ֮ϵߣ֨֨Ѿʮ㱻۾Ȳشخ
תƽϵһգɶ˳ʲôĵļһ⣬Ҳ˹ȥͷβͿҲ˹ȥ
ʵڲ֪ʲôֵÿֵģǽɲ𱰵⣬ֻе۾ߣԼԼˡ
ܶ۾ʱѡˡôǻ۾ҲԪΪ˲ľʱûи
磬תƵ۾ϣʱ۾ҲܵɣɵĽ˭Ҳ֪
һ֪ģ룬Σǻͬ
ͬȻٺòҪͷҲ޺ġ
תƽʽǳ򵥣֨֨һצӳϵǸߣɿؽͷ˵۾ϡ
Ƶûʲôо۾ķӦȴʮǿңߡ
һѹԼľʯ͵رƿЩ޷ƿصܸУ·ͻȻû㣬һʱҪƴץסʲô
˳ץס֨֨β͡
û˽ѹȵķȻСβ֨֨ߣ͵׽ס֨֨һ຿㽫ᴩ
֮£۾ԵõˡֻǶϣֱһѣ漴ûͷصƼϡ
ҪӦһ˵
һƫͷƾѣس˶
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ʱ۾ŲЩ飬ɲȻ˼ûƳǸðŵĵطһ˿϶ҲûС
һƶû£ģ첽ǰסߣ鸴ӵؿ˵۾һۣƼ䣬ɿش뿪ˡ
һûۿģ
ĺ;Ծ뿪۾֮ڣǰȥձקˡһϢ֨֨
ֻгûʲôƤ࣬ĳתƵϣСѾͷϾѭ򽥽ͷвļ
ûа취ѭ򽥽ԼʦĻĪЩ䣬֮ǰѾ۹ˡҲżͷʱ򣬵ܿᱻѹȥֻ취ͷŸֱҲѹȥΪֹ
΢΢üҪǿгƽ
˶٣Ҽǵʦ𽲹
ʲô
Ѿ˼ãúɣ壬̳
΢΢ȣȥ㲻¡
ֻܹ㹻Ĵֶ̼Ȼ˽Σա̡
ûзʲôֵ嶯̵Ĺ޹վ̳ϱһΪҲ̡
ҲôԼаձƽ
Ȼģɡ
ӹһ»ĻҲ¡
Ҳգף˵İգʱΣգһἰʱ͵
ɫһɣлʦ𡣡
һһ䣬ȫûв廰ЩͷβڰţʲôҲΨ


74

䱻ΪأʵΣյֻ̳վ̡
ѡģѡԼ˵Ҫһջ۾ʾûʲô
գ뼧һҲҪȥֹˡ
ȻһȽϺ֣ǴǰܵģжΣգڵ۾ġÿչ¡ţͬҲǰȥ֡
վ̳֮վȥȥʲôķɻ𣿡
һü㲻ʦƵвҪǸҹҾͲʲӵĽˣ
ԣսȭòòûгƽɿ֪𣿡
áƼһЦģҺϧҪΣգһܡ
Բģֶ㲻ؽиԼϣһ͹ˣ֪𣿡
֪ѵʮĵ£֮ǰѾҽ
һӣҧ˺òйƵĵʼա
ƿԼתۼӿܱߵΣյζػæӡ
ɫɫ׷·ֵһһس̳ס˺
ƱۣһŵۿҪͷǧһ֮䣬
ҵķӦϣĺӿһ𣬵ʱȴ˿
𲻶£˿ܺⴭϢĻᣬֻòͣЪѹĽֱˡһʲôˡ
ͬʱ۾Ҳܵһ˲ѹϵĽƿ·Ļ˺һ޴ĿӣеԼԴԴϵǸɢ
ơ
۾ϥŵأһֻֽסǰ½˵ѹȥǹ͵緢
˫ĿԪű̳ϵƣȥʱס䣬ʦ𡭡
Ǻŭһ˦ӣȴ˼ǿнƴ̳Ͻ˳
븿һ̣Ҳͣɫת磬𲻿ɱ⵽̲Ҳ˲ʡ
۾Ѿ²ʡŵСѾͷҲôѡ
ʱһͷ󡪡һǸ⡣
ںܿз۷ǰֵ
һһɫת磬߳뿪塣
۾ȻҪ
޿κε룬̶һ꣬˼Ҿ˶ٴ
ûɼ˹ûʲôˣֻһʱӿļ˹ȥ
һܳΣԼǰļ䴮
Щ»գЩȴ·
ƾûûʵںʺΪЩõļ䣬ǴΪʱյ㡪ħ壬ȫģƬΣǷԼϵ顣
ںɽסһʱգڳɽϵһʱգȴַ·ողŷһתܿһ߽Ź࣬һûص
ƵһּӿʱΪûʲôӡĻԭ
磬һۿλµ䵭ƳĿ⣬خɽʱ˲ı飬˵ǲɫʱ˼־Ŀǡ
ʱȫû⣬ȴΪп
룬ôһô꣬׶ȿأ
壬಻㣬Լϵ۾ԡѪģǲܲ˵Ҫȥ
ķûôأԪҲֻ۾Ƭëĸ
ȥʱδѣһԲڱߡ
ֻǵ˵ͷڿ׵ˡ
ƴӦһһ㶡
ħλ棬öʵлҪ˵ġ
ԥƬ̣ƿڵҼħһѵʱ򡣡
һ㶣죬ȴû˵
Ƽ桪Ҳ˵ֻʣһƲл꣬ħΪһ壬ûֻ̬
ƵЩɳƣ˶٣ż˵ʲô
ƣ˵㾹Ȼš
ûӦãڹһǣһţҲúûš
ԣ˵ʲôζ
ס۾¶ָ⣬룺һˡ
վһǾЩۣƵӦûʲôвȻţұɽһʹҴŰա
Ƶ˸ͷ
ء
ƻ˻ӣֻͷһۣȻҲͬǿǵ΢ĩϣŵġ
ⷬǰԲȴˡ
룬ǵûƬвлë
֪Ϊʲô˼𣿾˭û˭ȥ
Ȼҹ˵Ļƻ˫ֳڵ۾ߣĿġݡ
Ƶʣûңȥ𣿡
Ҫˣǵû˵Ļ
ôôԽ㵣Ҳϲ𣿿ѾѽϷϷ𣿡
˯ŵģż⣬Ƕ˵Ļ޶ԣƾ˵Իһɲı飬Խ˵Խ
ҡ
̧һֹֻŵ۾°ͣкӱ۾Ҫ׵˼㲻ңҾ͵Ĭˡ
ǱԼˣЦһ
ͷԼñĴӡȥ
۾Ĵůġ
ģģ룬ϴλϸ۲ţôЩǲ̫촽ʲôˡ
ţϵСĵһ£۾촽ģδΣȻеһһͷۻķ츲أʱĺ󱳵żӲı̧ϵ۾Ŀ⡣
ʲôʣ֮Σ𣿡
͵ױ֣ʷε֮һ
û𻰣´ڨЦһ
۾üëʲôδ𣿡
ûüּսԼߣδֱ˵ҹܹ
ƣ
ҪĻ˻ȥ
۾ѹȥãʣ𣿡
ƻû˳϶𣺡С
㶼ˣ

ûʲôҪҽ͵ģ
Ƴٶ۵׷Լļ䣬ʵڲ֪ԼҪֲ֪ͣΪΣĪЩ飬˼ȣҡҪʲô
һѣ˵أΪʲôȣҪȥҲúһ𣬲𣿡
ҴˡͷıҴˣұ֤Ҳˡ
һ㶣û뵽һҲֱ棬ϴϵôɴ೹ףһʱû˻Ӧ
ҡŪҵ죬ʵǰҶûоԼдǣǰ䡭
ƽħ棬Լ̸һ飬˶٣˵ΪţҲš
Ҿ룬ô꣬Իô꣬ʹһ㣬ǿֶһ㣿ͬ壬һҿԻȥʲôûС
ҺȻԼܹĶ˵úûȥܹһӴ˷·ûһػȥ𣿡
̧ɫˮ۾һ˲䣬ޱԼޱɫİ̡
ǿͬҶضԶȹһ
лҪ˵꣬滹Ƿ⡣


1    
 
һգخһʢĶʮͷɶˡ
 
Ψһ۾خΨһС飬Ȼ˽¶΢ʣ϶һϲ˭ҲҴ۾Ｇùͷ
 
αƤ̳ܿ˸ɾ׷ۼǵ˵¡
 
[Цÿ]ʵ˵ʵＧҲ̫С˰ɣ˵Ѿһ꣬мһͶ׵ģλ۲ǺܳŮôȻôŮ޳ȥ
[ֻ]ۿǺܲԸûֽһ۶ôǷͦ˵ӡ
[Ȼ]ǲǵǰĽ𣿲ָ̳յɵġ
[Ұ۰ְ]ޣĸ˵Ĺأ浱Լǿôˣ
[ѧϰʹҿ]¥㡪Ǹǳ𣬴ұ⡣
[ӦЦ]Ǹ໰ģС
[˼]˵ڼ˰һ˧ȻҪ˰ޣҪȢϱأҰһ꣡ҵ飡
[Ů]컹СＧأ֮ǰ˭˵СＧóģҥһ졭ҿＧͦÿô˵ûͦŮģ
[ɰ]ֻЩĸ˵ģ
 
Ƶڷ̳һתͷ˿һ
ʣôˣ
 
һЦЦĤ۾ָšɰһҡǼһġ
 
۾˿ǳƣ΢Ц顣
ǡ˵۾ǳƣʮƫĵس޵ҷĻ
 
۾ִȡˣһֵû졣
 
ܿ۾ûôˣΪԺעҲܵ幬ȥסܱЩл
 
ֱ۾ڰ꣬ʽ˻䡣
 
ɴķＧᵽ˵۾顣
 
Ժɷ֣հĵ۾Ŀŵˣĳλ̳зＧڰ衪
 
Ǵ۾ܺҵƷＧ[ѽѽĢ]
[ѽѽĢ]Ｇ׽׽ҼǰˣſڰɽɹѵǮ𣿣ҪǴƷＧ´οһͨĳ𣡣ҵɹǧ꣡ǧ꣡
 
ȫǶƵǴǰݱǷ׷ܳߡ
 
һ߿һЦԵ۾㿴ĤҶıŸܵķŭ
 
üȴº͵ģ׽ʱҲעһЩҪǣ޹ʿ಻á
 
ҪܵȥҲû취Ʒ˸ۣ׽Ϊ˭ҪңܻɹŲţ
˵ЩίһЩأ˭Ұ
 
Դô˵ȷˡ
ߵظͣǣ
 
ܿ챻ҳӳµĻظ
[Ŵѩ]λʵڱǸ
[Ŵѩ]ȷʵЩ㽫ؼкţٲųǵġ
 
ڵ۾Իۣ[Ŵѩ]ǳ۾ģ֪
ظһɶʱԶԣ˲ʱһƬѻȸ
 
ƷＧڵ۾Цǰϡ


2    
 
꣬ƷＧС
Ǹ˵ģ˺Ϳʼǳ
 
ƣ˵һ᲻Ҳ˸̥
۾ٺ˵˵ûˡ
 
ƣֻС룬᲻ܵǴ
 
һΣ۾ûлش𣬶Īʧ˼죬ʱ˺һֽʮָ˵ظ֪ƣҵ˸ıѪͳİ취ֻ룬ֻ轫Ѫͳ΢һЩ۾ǰӹĳͷ
 
̥һʱƱ淳ƣƢǳã˵ȫŴ̡
 
ĳĺ;ߴߴǳ֣ĺ;뿪̲ס۾죺ĺҲʮ˰գôô£Ҳûȥְ쵱壬ꣿ
 
۾ǳ׼ĺ͵ݵû첻Ծʱûסȥĺ͡
 
۾ƽģ塣
ĺ;üë˵ң
 
һЦʮֽصϣš
ĺͣ
 
ĸ̥ĺ;䡣
 
˼գĺ;̲סǰҳӣŵ۾𿴵۾ƽʱģݷӣǰ˵
 

˵ʲôأ
˭ﲻֻøЦ
 
۾Ȼĺ仰ðʮֵ⣺˵ĻȻҪӵģзˣô
Ƴһۣظô
 
ԼҲǹһػֻøЦ
֮Ц沿鴤ڶ޿̵ؾ̸ҳߣȥˡ
 
ƻ̥һǧ꣬ƽһֻС롣
ȻһֱĵǴδǹ꣬ҲѾˣֻΪֻСһѪ֮ĸɣһǷ˻ȥ
 
СȻ̳˵ĳ࣬ƢȴǺһģ̳ģ·ͽ칬˸츲ء
 
ԭΪ칬иְð幬˸ɣһƢ۶ûסֻСڣίطסס
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