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՝Цһ漴ת˳УŲȴֿ٣С̫ྐྵмֵ׷ˣĵСӹȻТ֮ˣǵȲˡ
⳯˶֪СΪΣΪūҲֻܵһҲˣɽ˴
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ŵ߷ޱȣŭ㵽ҪʲôҪ𣿡
յǱȥĻͻˣ͵ͬȥ
՝ҲòУ飬ͻ
ϱ췴˱ĻӣɻıĻӵ
û뵽˾Ȼǻǹã
ĻӣΪӣ˲ѵͲ±ʥ֪𣿡˵ţ漴һĳǱ˹ȥ
Ͼο̫Ӿ԰棬ĻȻöץסκεİѱǡ
ȻˣԴϴֱ֮󣬱ȥͷ՝εģȻûҪǾɵĵزеռȴʮֲϲ
չӣô֪ⲻԸ飬ڴ˻ԳͻȻ˽𣿡
üĿʮǷȻĿıǸʵüĿһƹȥŹ֣Цŵʱа
ǲԸѵ՝οĻѵҪߵڰײɣ՝һʱûпסԼǳš
˵֮Щڣҧ
ҺǺЦţ·ƼʲôϷ՝ζ̬Ȼǲһġ
𣿵ʱǵˣƾһ˵˵ǾͿѧмҵѧӣ՝Ӧ֪İɣ
՝ζʱһȻ֪ģҵѾվĻӵߣȻĻôὫ޸ĻӣΪ¦֮С
՝εӣұг࣬°òԼ
ͽӣ՝εͳһȴû֮ǰĵ
ǺµģĻӱ¦˵νǰƼһĻ³Ȼҵ
ҵͷʧɫ²՝ûƼĵͽӣȰ՝λǼװʲôûпĺãռҸ¡
˵ŻͻȻһۣò͵ɿ֣ѾȴѾãֱӳ՝ελñ˹ȥ
՝ҲӦȥ
ȻȻǺ˹Ǹ书ģ͵ȥסһҪȥȴǱߵ՝ȴǱһɴӳȥ
˵һˮ
՝θ磡ɴ۾ԼǰǸкĳƺ
֪՝θͲˮʱżĲܲ˵Ŀʼ
ſң՝θ粻ˮģ
֪՝ˣûʲôôƼģʱ˵ָûҪſ˼
˽ֵʱһӰͳųȥ
һ㶣漴Ƽ˽՝θ
صͻȻٶùҲһ㶣漴ɿˣܼȥˡ
õɣͳ嵽˵ǰ޳
ԭ՝Σ͵͵Ľͻȥȴû뵽ײ飬՝֮˶ס漴Ҳ˽ȥ
՝β£
՝Σ՝ΣĴ՝αʪΧգȴûеõκεķӦһ
ưؿڵλãʼѹֻЧȴǺܸߣֻǼ՝ʶ³һЩˮȴûҪѹ
ȥȥд򣡡˵ţʱ뵽Լ֮ǰ鱾ˮ˷·һֿеķ
Ѿŵæͷ漴ͳѧõλȥȴ˴ӦȥȽϺã˭֪һתȴƼĳ
ʪ՝αƽ̹ĵϣͬʪ̫ӵ£ס՝Щݵ򦣬漴ԥı͵ͷȥ
̫ӵ՝θ磡
뷨ʱռԺ
ɽһ󣬹˲Ͳ˱˵Ŀ⣬һתͶĿ⡣
ҲΪϱ՝ˣʱȻһ뷨
׵՝ˣûС
񿴵Ļһŵæת뿪
ؼˣ׼˭֪µȴͻȻԳʪĽë΢΢ţǿҪѵס
æ۾Ķ՝βš
á՝οзϸϸ
գɫ׹漴ʮȻĶ˳档
՝Σ՝Σ՝Σֽ˸뱧
ѹ՝Σ۱ͿʪģЩ죬̫ӵ£
ԼһǿŹػʪ͸ģΪֻصɱʱ
ˣ˵ţ漴һѽ˸Ųɿĳѧõλùȥ
ֻ՝ܹѾķܵԷĲͱøһЩ
£ܿͺˡ
՝Ժ֮оԼֻǺܿͱĺΧֻܱһηԷĻ棬λƺǴůġ
Ǳޱȣȴûͣɿȥҵ߹՝ˮ˵˳˲ģʱ׷¶ɫ
Ȼû뵽ᷢ飬ʶҪϸʡ
һļֱӽҲˮ˵˳
ʱͱɫϽĴ
еŹأ̧űҪνĳȥһ̧ȴƼػʪı՝˹
֣ǵĽкţȴظסĻ죬ȥȥͷڣ
ҵﶼûпڣС
վ˳̫ӵ
ŲɿĳԺλţֱӽ˾ʹԼסǸԺ棬иȥ֮һֱŵġ
һ·¹ػ߱˵š
ȻﻹʲôģֻҪǽĹ뷿;Ǻõġ
˷䣬Ҫ˷£ʪѣȳȥ
һ㶣漴뵽֮ǰ̫ӵ¶՝飬վԭһ
Ϊ՝οҲҪվ𣿡ʮֺˡ
ʱ˳ȥ
ˣضֽ՝ϵʪ·ȥֻüƼ׻һƬ˱ȥ
ϸĵĽ˳øĲϸϸš
ӣһϢͼҴҵ˹ȥֱӾ͹˴齱ߣ޳ӣǧҪ°ǳµĻҿô
Ժŵ՝ƺǱˣһ
һһţѹ׼ٺʱȴǱǰ̫ӵµŵʧ
ȥЩʪ·ߣȥһ׸ɾ
ǡһŵ˵ЩƼʪһѣ˵ľͱȥ
ߵŷӦֿ
ҹ̫ˣʱôǱŵŻصոٵĳͻȻ;ԼҲҡ
齽ϣס՝ε֣ǱĴüͷ
ʵ̫ˡ
ʱ՝εĿҲ૵˵Ż˵䡣
ۣȴΪֶֻֻ˳ȥϣܹԷȥů
̲סûдʣµļ՝αضǲˮġ

ס


æĸͱѹȥ՝ΰȻ󱻶дҩ
չӵ屾¼ˮأȻģúúõǡҲмֵķ˵̫ӵµɫ˱ȴҲ˵˻
æȥҩԸȴʪǴĵ顣
ŹڴȥʱǴŸո뿪ҪȴǶ
һҩЩҿ߹ֻվſڲҽȥ
֣ûʪģеģҲûзˡ
ǹȴƼˡ
һ
һһ漴Ϳ첽ĳԼҹӵĴǰȥˣֻ՝νյ˫۷ӲĻһ˹ӡ
ûĻֱ˹ȥ漴ȴǷԼʪ͸ٳǰŹ˸Ҹɾ
֣Ĳᣬ՝ǸˣҪ՝αǺ꾫ˡ
ȥɡһ˵һѵ˳ص£ֻʣ
Ҳ⶯Ŷȥ̫ͨͨӵĽⲻ
үʵ⾿ô£̫ĪҾǵУǺã
Ŷںηη±ˣֱԵãſȳģȻ֪ΪΡ
ʱͲҰǱ֪ǵͽ飬׶Ȼ٣һҲǻˡ
ηģͳȻ֪˵
ֻչӳرżȻչӲСĵ³УδӦ̫ӵȥ͸Ͻˡ
ǺЦչӻǲСĵĺܰ
Ī£ǲչŭ飬ŷģ
һһ䣬ǽ֯ġ
ʱòᣬʶıͽͷϣҪʰ㣡
ŵһǰһû˽ͣӲˡ
ѵĹأ՝εߣ˸뱧ס˶Է򦣬֤Ѿ˴ʩ֮󣬳ɡ
һʿˮ侲Ҩҩˮյ՝εǰȥ
ҩˮǻ֮˳ԵȥģһҲ֪ȥ˶١
ޱĲ°͵ҩˮι
ҩǲܽڵĻ՝εܲס
һսľļȵһҩˮιԸıʪˡ
ȥɡ˵Ż漴㽫՝ķ£۾û뿪՝β԰׵ϡ
˵Ҫ՝ΣȴûϵŲգ՝ξͳ⸱ģ
ָ˳ŶԷ£Բ𣬰ࡣ
һһűͱҵ˸æ׷һʵʵ˵š
Ҹ׼ɿʱȴһŭȵʱֱ
Ҷģ
ո֮˱շһϢͲ㽫е˱˺룬ﻹ˵˱Ѿͷӱͳȥˡ
ҲƼշˣҲ֪ΪΣշ˲ƽȴһ
շ侲ɻϢ̫ӵ»أǰһ˵Żò̫Ӹó˵ơ
˭֪շȴһӵģŭҶֻǶˣΪλ˭ɵģ
˳ȥõʱչһȻ֪ġ
Ƴȥʱշ˵Ŀ⣬ͬʵԵĿûסķ
գշˣġһʱ֮˵
Ҷշ˲ûֱ˵ʲôֻζĿ漴֮飬ȥƝζ
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՝δС³Ȼصġ
ڣæ˵һߵλȥҲûԼеĵǡ
շ˽ʱ򣬱Ƽ̫һǵһԵϡ
μ̫ӵ¡շ˼򵥵֮󣬱ͷɱ˴ǰ՝εɫ̲סĿʼᡣ
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ǰȥĹĿ죬ز˽뿪Ƭ̡
ˣշ˲Ųˮ߶ҵöҪΪиʲô̵ģô
ԽԽģﻹֵǿ
һֱ˯՝ξһָһշ͸Ӧˣһϲ
ζˣ
՝һجΣ˶վԼĶ棬Ƶ·ߣֻܲϵţֱǰֻʣµʱЦһͺԥĳԨԾȥ
Ȼȴȥ˲䣬˳ס
ͷϿȥȴֻƼһ
࣬Ҫ
՝תӣ漴˲ӿԵһᣬǰ߲ŻָһЩ
ĸףкţЩԼǲΡ
շסˮֿʼĺӶɵˡ
՝β֪Լ׵ѾɵˣֻתҪΧ
ǵúԼڻ˯ȥ֮ǰ̫ӵ¡
ĸף̫ӵأ
շĪЩӣ̫ӵΪ˾ʪˣȥȥˡ
ûкҩ𣿡՝͸оģ֪ԼǱҩǼȻ̫Ҳ˳ӦҲҪҩİɣ
շûסһΪ՝ҴҴӣԼʰɣ
Ҫˣ
՝ŷӦշ¶ֺõЦĸ׿ˣʱ
˵һ룬ȴǲҼ˵ˣҲ֪û˵࣬˵˵ǲͬĻ۵Ҳá
ʱô
՝ô˵
ţ漰ʱĴ˽Ų՝۾һ漴Ϳһѵ̫ӵ˳
ƽʱ²ͬǣһȴһտɫžǶ˼ֵ
՝ˣһ漴ǰȥ
֪ģ՝Ƽ̫ӱͷ˺ֱܶ࣬ӽ׸˶Է
̫ӵ£ĸѯʵʱʲôֻӺͿǲ֪ɷ̫ӵ˵
ؽյ՝εĿ⣬ʱ࣬ǰԻϲ
Ȼԣʱ՝ΣȥƼ՝γСȥȻǲʲôʯӣƫ͵˳Уܼȣˮ՝ξ
˵Ǳǰ˵ģŻµĹѾĿ֪Ǳߵ顣
շ¶죬漴һӣԭΪȻǳıȴǲСĵȥ
՝ʿˮܾĸԼĿҪһ
ȻҲˣֻ՝⼸ǲϿˡ
Ȼ˵՝εӵӰ죬»Ž՝δȥ̫ҽúõĵ֪շΣ
⻰Ҳ֮Σ̫ҽϾҪĴҽһЩοҩƷҲһЩ
շһʱ֮䱻סˣȥ˶ʹվ
ĵĺӡ
һ۱Ƴշ˵ԥӹ¾՝εʱ򣬱Ѿ޷ıˡ
ǾͰ̫ˡշ̾Ϣһ՝Щᣬȴ޿κΡ
՝һãȻǰľ;ԼȥͻȻ֮ԼܻصĲʮꡣ

ҩҩ


ҪȥȻô򵥵ģ՝εӻ˵ĵȴ
صѾ˵ǣǵշ˵ͷǡ
׵ոڱշ˵ġ
һʮĬĽ՝θԵ漴ͳȥӭ֮С
ʵʱȫСŮշв̱ͿɽСŮΡ
߾ȴʱĽܹȥһ˱סңǱǺõġ
ߡһһεıҵĵˣԭΪһܹߵĵλôǴˣȴϻ
շҲƲ˼ң˵ϲŮȴû
˴Բӣ黹δʱ´˽ۣո˵Ĳ
ʱŮװĳ⣬ϸͲЩǣοôةˡ
˵ķӦȴ֪Ǻã͸͡
Ȼˣĳ̫ӵµİţ顣
Ѿϵж
˵Ѿȫһ𣬵ûгִ˳Ľǰ˵˳
⻰żֵĻƣȴ˸Ҷ˵ʲôȥ̫ӣҲȥշ˵ġ
㣬Ѿء
ȥ˵壬ǾշȻģ̫Ӹһᣬ՝ദ
ŶӲ԰׵գշеǣסǰ֣ȥ˶ͲҪƽʱһʱҪǵùأǧҪץסʲôѱ㸸վˣֻϣ̫ܹ˳ǻ
ĸף̫ӶȻǻ՝ն˵ѾƼʱĹ⾰һ
շ´󾪣û뵽՝̫֮侹˵Σ뵽՝ҲʮͣǳЦ̫ȻǺõģֻ·˭˵ģΪ˭̫ܹǻȻõġ
ĸףһסġ՝εͷӦţԺĻ
˵ϱδ̫ӵϻλʱȴ̫ߣ˵һ飬ĻӲûгɹ̫̫ӣµۡ
շֶ˵һЩ强Ļ֮󣬱лո֮У֪Ķõģȴ̲סĸ՝׼ﱻ
՝ڶϰߵġ
՝αԺ֮Уͳɹס˶֮С
̴ζƮƮɢɢŴ齵λùȥײײİΧסСֱͦıǣ˲ɿ˽üͷ˯֮С
գ՝Σ΢ۣͷţ֮Ż㱵ķӦǰһжϤģ
ӿˣ
ֱϤ՝βǻعæҪ
һ՝μеģ»иʧæǰȥ˷סĪҪ̫ȻĻͷ۵ġ
ѻ죡
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ڶ
ߵľո֮еȫһԶһɽˮͼϸһʱΪϲһ
һֻ՝λûѹͷӦ֪̫ӵ˵ȽӣùӰˣǶĶߣΪԷ˵ֺ𣿡
ǸûĻģҲ֪ýԴס
՝ںǳ⣬˵ڶ
ˣٲǵĿͷԡ
򵥵ѯ֮՝α̫ӵģ˵һ밢ǲڶģȴרſճչˡ
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՝ΡͳżֵСǻųһ
՝α뷨ˣֲǸСôױųˡ
̫ӵ¡һæڵϣ̧ͷȥ
՝εģȻǲὫһֱ˳ȥǡ
˲䷿֮бֻʣ
Ще֮ŷӦԼƺûʹ՝εͲ֪ԷǲԸġ
ɢ촽ʶĽʹŵü۾ǲȥ՝ΰ֡
Ϊ̫⣬ԲŻ˵Ĳһ
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㡭Щ𣿡ؼͻȻĺգָ΢Ҫȥһ㡣
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һʼ՝εûȫĺùǳҲĸȾ纮վҪѰһЩ
Ĳµġ
՝ε˵ͷҲûмȥ֮ķΧʱԵЩ˭ûٿ˵
ʱһã՝α;ȫǺˮ̫ӵµƺʱ޿̶һ
ʵ՝ȷģشһʼһֱ՝ûƿĿ⣬ŶԷüۣԷıԷĴһͷ˿ûзŹ
ѾʧȥһΣòϸϸţ޲ֱԼĻС
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̫ӵ£ҩѾˡ
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ŰĿŨҩζƮɢ՝εıǻ֮УʶıҪסӣȴڰ·ַȥ
Ϊոˣȫи̫һˡ
ͻȻתĶȻǱƼˣ¾Щʧ䡣
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ӣҩˡ߶µǰһͼԼԵɢȻϢ̫ӵ¡
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ʱŨҵĿζĿǻըѿǻЩˡ
òſ죬ͷ΢΢¶һЩ
՝ΪԼʮֿƣȻڹȴǵģܹĿ՝νŵüͷҩʱָ΢΢ĲȻ󱻿ൽʱ۾βԼ̵ķ⡣
һùؿɳܵġ˷ˡ

Է


Դһգ՝αʱ⣬ͲסҪ֪Ϣ֪£ȴ̲סȥǣҶԷ
һϰһһʱ֮Խ
һҲһֱţû˿Ҫȥ˼ոĻʱʱһ՝Σȴǲˡ
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ŵģȴᵽһ˿˿ζǹζĻΪһߴĺɫӰ
̫ӵھͺˣȻһֱģǻгԵġ
Ҳ֪ǲɣ՝Ҳôһ룬˽Ų͵һתƼһµĹأŵĿɲǳԵ
̫ӵ£՝Ц۾ƵĶŹеĸ㲻š
һʼԶԶľƼ՝ηģԱѰһΪľ՝οģ՝εüģ֪Լ˵ġ

Բεĸϸĸɹ飬ǰ՝ŵζǴɢģý֮󣬷ǸɹζŨζ
՝εҲûпģ鱾ָһֻʼշ棬µһϸ顣
СģǺòõİĶһһͻʧȥһ㡣
سĬڴߣͽԼǳŵĵƵġ
՝εûзֲԾĵطûע⵽Ѿʼϰ˹صһЩΪ
ڵ˲䣬ǹζ˲ɢ׽ʱ򣬸ɹͺеļļһģô̼՝κȶҩζ١
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՝ʣ뿪ҵӦûΪСɣ̫ӵ£՝εڣԼһֱ죬Сûκιϵ
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՝Ρ˷ָǽӲޱȣû£½͹ˡ
Ϊ˲ģҲµġ
뵽˵ģȴ՝εѯ˻Ϊء
՝һ˲ǳЦ՝ξ֪̫ӵ¶Ȼ壬һƽϵġ
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ֻȴûƼʹüۣ՝εǳЦҪƲסԼ
һΣǵ՝⣬ֻܹ̣Ҫ՝ϲͲ֡
һΪʲôȴҪ̲סأ
̫ӵ£՝ֿʼ̫ӵ£¾ɻɲǵ̫ϲëѵǰ̫ע̫ӵԭ
ػֻǷһĪԼˣеĵǰ͡
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˫ղϵĽſеʳǵλòմм
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鱾ʱȴ˶ԭΪֻ̫ˣ˭֪ǰһͰ
ӣǽ˵˵ɣ
ʮ˴֮ϣոһ
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̫ӵ˵Էбģ˵ʵǼȣǽ㹫ˣ˵ȻŵʱԷ빫һأ
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՝žúЦ̫ӲոϾոڵλþͺΣΪոĻΪʲôأ
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՝һգŵʱҲԸ⻹ˣϾ̫Ҳ˵ҪţǱ
Ƿźů¯՝λǱǿԵ磬ΪҲõĻһǵٸһ·ɡ
֧͸뷽ܹƼľˣű;նǺ
ĪˣһֱŴСıˡ˵žֱֽ՝θ˹ȥ
՝ε̾ϢһҲûзһС͸ߣȻ֪ԷΪõġ
՝β̫ˣҲǻ⻹ûкãҪעģǲ˵Ȼ̫ӵƼˣ˵Ҳ˵ġ
Ųᡭ՝ƱţֻƱԼеġ
߲Ÿո˵꣬
Ȩ̫ӵˣɫıҪǰȥӭӡ
˭˼Ҵҵ˹՝εǰ
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՝ǰ߹ҲЩ㲻˵̫ӵǰΪʲô˻߹
ôһͣ٣ֺ͹ȫ׷
ɱˣȻҪ̫ӵ֪ˣȻҪġǿĵ˵ţ޲ȥ
ȻȴȫԼĲ֮С
ԷѾճԺӣǰҪֶã˵δ̫סģȡֱнݲؽ˵
ڴ˺þãƼĵƻ뵽֮ǰĺ꾫Ϊǽĺ꾫˻˭뵽꾫Ȼ՝εġ
죡һ漴ָ՝ʵô㲻Ӧģ
՝α˵Īһ룬Ӧ߹֪ԼΪԭס˶Ҫڽ͡
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՝θ磬׷Ĳ壬㣬㰲õģǱҲͷˡ˵ţһ˫顣
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زһûסЦ˵ûзӦȴ˼֣漴ʹ߽⹬֮С
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žĹϣ՝һһǰţٶȲϵڼӿ죬ǰõʱ߹·ȴǺµĽ
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һæǰĴź󱳣дżֵĵ٩Ӻߵô죬̫ӵµʱҲûôġ
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շЦӯӯĶǰ漴˽κи˹ԽһԷ˳ڵųķᣬŵʺģŰɣ
շˡţǴδõᣬȴһ㶼˲Ҫ՝ε˼ѵΪڶı֡
˳ٳû֣ҴЩҲסСӾǲ֪ôةฮշˡ
շϵû˿ŭ⣬Ƕ˼ֵϧȻʲô֪ģԵյʱЩɣҲĵȷȷӵ֣Ϊ̫˵Щʲô՝ͨˡ
ϣǵŮĻǰ޽Ҳǲġ
Űɣ՝θΪӲʣһˣĪǾʧȻھ
ʱһûУֻ̫ϲˣʵû뵽ԼȻȵĸ֡һ˵Żһ߽ӹǷᡣ
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շοЦţǰֽǷ˷֮С
ÿòٹһҶȻΪѰ˼ҡ
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һϷҵĶлϲĺܣǿϲѡ
ַʽոϲŭ룬ϲûл޽ոˣŭѾռҡ
ǻʲôûӰӵģΪոԭҲҴΪѡ
շ˼ĿĴﵽȻûжͣѰɱͳҪϢ՝βǣҲ՝д˼飬ȥ
ֻȴǱ͵˹ص֮ϡ
ض֣ɹһЦ漴ȴֳƽ
ĿǴﵽˣǱ՝֪ѾΪõĻȻǻһʱ벻ͨġ
취С
ҹȻҹĸһЩһΪ՝׼磬Ҳഩ˼·߲Ÿո׼ã̫ӾѾˡ
՝ָĸԼϵ˴ӣϴż˷ܵĳȥһ۱ƼſڵŵĹأû߽՝εѾһƬɫ
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ֵ՝εĶϣҡͷ՝岻ã±ˣ՝˵ɣ
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ںʱһ̫ӱɫԻǰΡ
ٻĳĿĵضȥ՝Ȼûи̫һ𣬶ǺͰһһůʯͻȻÿûбҪڵԽůˣǻòˡ
һůʯڵӻǾ𣿡
ҲûУֻǾźˡ՝εҲ˵ʱůʯẠ̊́ŵʱ˾ĺܡ
ͣһȳȥ漴՝α˳̧ͷƼĴţ̫ǰȻҪߴŵġ
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՝ȻҲף¾ЩЦϵЦ̫һ·֮С
ǰ˲ģרŵĽԺӸ˳Ϊܹõ˸λ˶ܹƼ⻨
՝˸߽ȥƼһϲõĹ¦տŹѪģӲ՝ξûڡ
һˣͻȻһģϤϲġ
֣ˣһΪ㲻أ¦綼ѾһȦˣûпǿһЩСǣǱȻҪ޼ְ
һԷİʾţ֮ǰҲѾ˹ΣСǸǾĺ˼ңһܹҲǺõġ
ǱЩҰ·Ӻõöġ
Ȼİʾڹһ㶼ЧȥҲǿԵģ¦Ҫ޸¦˶ǣҲµһ
¦տʱɫһ䣬ڣŹŭתðԭҵһˣ
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՝εЦҲŸˣ漴˳ȥܹҪҸطġ
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՝λϣϵĵģЩϧԼ֮ǰûٳЩҪȥģΪš
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һֵɫ֮صţﲻЦҲˣ՝Ծûнϡ
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ĸף՝¶죬ЩĻĸΪȥ
՝ãɫи뷨һ¶һĨЦҲǶµûţڵʱȴǴЦ⣬՝θˣշ˵˵ŮܸˣӴ˱Ͷһˡ
硭
՝νüͷŵ˺һ漴뵽ԼҲļ飬ԴһʼѾȥո
Ȼʱ򣬵՝ȴû뵽ô졣
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Сһ㣬ĪҪˤˡͳдżɳƵͷ漴ͱͣ˶
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ã⻨Ҳ챻óˣ՝οҪúõһˡɫ糣˿һЩ漴ͳǰλöȥ՝αͽ
ͬ˵⻨ȷûý˵ɫϰ꼻ƣȴ꼻ִеɫʣ˶̾ޱȡ
һͻ՝ξùȥ˺þһƣ

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һһε׼ʰĶ՝ͻȻʵЩŪ𣿡
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ȻǸˣҲżһЩ˵ˣЩƴһô̸˵һ㣬ʵĺܡ
Щʲô՝Щֵڰǰ˻Σ֪ԷΪʲôȻʱͻȻˡ
͵ػæͷȥūŷ񣬹˵һΡ
˵ھȥ̫ӵµġ޹՝ԥһ»ѡ޹Ͼ鷿ĵطžͲܹȥġ
ȴǲ֪՝еĹ˼ɣֱɫǱֱ䣬ֲΥ՝εֻ՝γŹص޹ȥˡ
Ȼû뵽՝ȴһա
һΪѵ՝οڵǲˣʱ̫ӵò޹
Щţ̫ӵ֪չʱȻڵĻȻǻӰ쵽ġ
՝Щʧ䣬ѵõһȴû뵽˿գܿ͵̬Ҫڸǣȴ͵Ĵڳһļ
ͻĶ՝ŵûһתȴƼ˹Ц⣬ʱҲͰģǳЦݼ߹
ˣ֮ǰ컹ܹסǹصľȥ֮Ϳʼȴ՝ҲڣûסǰŶԷ
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՝Щ׳֪Էʵģȴûзϣǹֵܹġ
ûǿƵ˼ǳʵȥ
ЩԽӲͷƤūҲǲ֪
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ͣһ՝һѾһ棬һֻûԥıͽָȥ
Ȼͱסһͽ˳ȥ
ûüо⣬һʵʵĽסˡ
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峿՝ЩԺıͱһӴϸΪ֮ǰԭ򣬵Щϰѧʱˣ緹ʱûг׵Ľ۸
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՝û뵽ʱ۾ͬʱҲࡣ
Ҳҹ̫˵ĻÿնҪ߹Ҫ
՝µıͽеʳ£漴ͳȥ֪ƢԼŭ˶Է
Ҳ̫ˣȻЩ˶ƭ˵ġ˵՝ʦϲѧΪѧʣڿȻǴԹڿˡ
՝ûлشֻʵʵĸ
̤ʱʶĻͷȥһ
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՝͵ջԼæȥ
ˣڲһһ
ѧ֮ѾдѧԼλã՝߹һͬжżֵ̽иĹ˼뷨
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˵ĶܺסĲһطɡʮֿ϶˵ţϷ֮ǰĿαѾͣͲǰĽȣ¦ȥĿαҿɣ
¦˵ɴۣżֵ˰ɣֲ֪ʲôӣ㻹뿴ҵıʼǲɣ
՝ĴĻ룬ֻҪѧˡ
һʮִ˵飬¦˿ȴˣæԼĿα˹ЩĿڵ㿴ɣȻʼǣѧˣܹóġ
՝ùӣûҪȥ˼ϸϸĿҪλãʮ档
¦˿Ҳ˼ţֻԼλϣƫͷ՝εĲܿͿ
ˡ˵㡣
֪Լʮ֣ȥĸͲǶ֮İɣ
՝ɫ֮ǰĴ¶ֶӵЦǿƤ˰ˣžܹ֮ǴƷµ˰ˡ
ʦܿˣһ۱Ϳһ՝Σ¶ֵο
ҹӦǴԼҸõһЩϢԽǱ˵˵ѩ֡ϵȴоһ˵ǰʷ
˵̫ӵѾǰȥݵʱ՝ʶıͻһԽ𾢣ϣԼܹﵽ̫ӵæ
Ϣʱ䣬՝ȴλûжǷ֮ǰʦ飬֪ʷЩʮ֮࣬ʦȻû˵ġ
ȻҪȥƫƫ˷ǵҪȥ
՝εĿǰĹڵɷ՝ΰƪȥ
УʮֹϵľܾˣһҪջ˵ȥκεĲ岻ãЩ̫óȥɹɹУ
˵ֱǰ՝ε䣬ŵ՝βòæ˳ȥ
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˻ĵ֮󣬱û˵
՝һվλŮӵߣʵЩεģο滹ڡ
Ȼɱ̹ȻĶ࣬һĿ˵՝θŵǱ֮ǰԲ࣬ӦúЩ˰ɣ
՝򴽣лùϵȷǺõĶˣֻͿˡ
֮ĶԻԵʮֵȻдżֵ
ȥץĹˣʱûסķһ˵˵ڵ˵ŻԵˣĪŸճЩ̫ϰߣ
˻һ՝α;Щˣֲ֪ȥ˵
ЦһصҲǰɣû뵽ܹΪ՝θã˿Ľأĸ磬ǿˡ
˲ͻص֮ǰģЦʮֲãתͷ՝üգգۣʵ𣿸磿
՝ȻһЦܹã՝εˡ
Ӵǻǰɣɲģ㱾ȥץɣ
ͻȻ㵽öʱһ漴߹ԺȥˣǱߵĻҪһЩ
՝ο߹ÿɰģ͵Ҳȥɣ
ңָָԼȻ˸߲ҵļ˽ȥ˵λĹϵ̫ã߹ڵʱ򣬻˿ĵġ
՝ξվµλãĸŮЦ֣һ

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⣬՝θ׼ȴǱ˸
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ӣȥĶ
¦ŵȥ԰
䣬Ͷ
՝ĳ¦ʵôҪȥ԰ǰȥ𣿡
ѽǻıģ֮ǰϲΪЩ秵ӣҵǾԼһֱ˼ˣǿҲǲġ
՝βɵ׶¦˽ｻµѣв²⣬ѶȻѧˣҲϲȥ԰ϸһȴûˡ
û̫࣬ϾҲʮ飬ͱ۾ⷦ
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՝ͫдżֵãȻ̶̵·Ȼһͳ˯ȥ
˳԰ߣһĸ󲻸˿ķ
԰Ϊ֣һϷ԰ӣЩӸЦֵģһȴǸĺۼĵطŲɵģȴܹһ԰š
һűӭһ¦˱ǰ·¦үˣүѾˡ
˴һžͲˣǶԴ¦˵ֹ̬ڵġ
՝βû԰շ˴Ͳ՝̤ĵطһĺۼĵطշҲ՝ȥӴ
Ե˴ǴһƳСʱʶΪҪȥʫصĵط뵽С˹źȴ׵ᵽһɵ֬ζ
ЩӦıҪסڱǣȴ־ʧǣҲֻǿеš
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ŵҪǰȥ˭֪ȴ֮ǰ·˸ʱ՝αѾ˽ȥ
ˡ
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ŶȻѧˣȴȴǻ׹ݡ
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һˣ՝ζҪΪ¦ǿ˼ҡ

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޶ˣҲܹõǹеĻǺεȵľɫ
չӿǴµƳʲô޵ͺòһ㣬żת՝ε˫ۺЦ͸¶ŨŨζ
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һԵİһΪ˻Щ㱣ԼǱԼҹӣǶڹߵļϸһ
ӣ찢һˣԭ°һ𣿡

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˵ĵҲʵһ밢ΪǼӵԭ򣬴С͸ߣ֮Ĺϵ˵ͣȴҲһ͹ϵӵһЩ
ĴβǱշץס֮󣬲Żܵ𷣵ġ
һһ뵹Ҳĵܹ̫ӲẦҹӵġ
˵ɣַʲôµĻö˶˵Ϊλ⡣
һ֮ͨ󣬱ȻˣûУһʱ֮뵽ˣ﹫Ӳȥ԰Ϸ԰ⲻŵ𣿡
⵹Ҳģĸ֪ˣһȻǲʲôùӡ
ǲǰһһҪܷġ
֪ͺã͸ǣֻȥ԰Ϸ԰Ǳ߿ɲȥ՝ն˵ţһЩ죬ҹʲôʱѧˡ
՝βûⰢһɫȥԸϴ
ﻹҪҪ֪޵˭ˣֻ˭ˡ
˵ܳ裬ȴûжܹûģؼҵǿƣȻҪѰһɽġ
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՝ζԴ˵һ㲻⣬˽˹֮󣬱֪ûʲô˼С
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ˣȥҲǿԵġ
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˵ǰԵ˵ģǵһμûǻŵЦģͻȻЩܹŭ՝ε鵽ʲô
Ĳ棬ӭŨŨӿ՝εıǻǵǰһ
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쳢ǸšһЦеš
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՝ŵζʱѾ֮ǰԵ緹֪ȥﻹܾģȡӲ֣һҧһڣŴŴĿڸжʱ΢۾
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һ֮Ҳûмֻſڱǿޡ
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⻰ԭϲͳࡣ
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ոδƫ՝ζЩǲ̫˽⣬ȴҲ֪ƫ˵Ȩ󣬵ǲڲҲûչˣʱڲƽΪˣֱ̫
ʱһæ՝θɲҪ˵ˣǱǲãѾЩѧ֮ұĸףЩҩ
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з⣬Щ˵ĿȥˣҲûƴǣǮƶˡ
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˭֪՝Ѿϵǵ뷨һߣͷĸʵʵûʲôڵġ
ãһЩȻǹģ˸Һ˵˵ġ
һæͷӦš
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ôˣ
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iòʲôطĴڣҲȥˣҲǺ՝һδ޵ġ
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Ѿǵһμα˵ĺ档
ƾ޵òҲǰٿġ
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ء֡՝λӲҲǵһ˾룬ȴǲӦλֶ˶Լᰤޡ
ѾһԵ՝λŵģʱЦ漴Ͷӣ՝αģҲҪЩģʦ֮ǰҲ˵õѡ
ͻȻ޶ʱ՝ξԼЩ̫СˣҲֱӣĿʼ޲ĵط
һʼ֮՝εעȫ鱾ˣû⵽֮ľ룬ȻҲûиеԱһֱһɰԹˡ
˵ԶԶŵЩ˵Ŀ⡣
Խĸˡ
ѧޱҪ՝⣬ȴ·ɱĹסˣʵҲֻǹ˻ȥǶô
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ȻȴҲֻܹͽţǴĵػԶĺܡ
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Ҳ֪˵ĶȤζҲû˵˳ȻŶԷܹµķſȥѰ
˭֪ˣֱӽᱧ漴֮С
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˰ɣ񸸻ʵֻǸĵҵġʶķţģΪ̫Ŷ˼ֵĴ
ԭ՝ȴ͵رָѹżֻŵĳŹλȥֱӦ߸ûʲô֮Ż
ȴֻ՝뿪ļ˼ֵһѾ՝εһһ֪ȻǲĲǡ
ˣȻϲּĻȥķ棬ܹӡıͽּȥ¡
ſ佱ɫּʱһȴֲҶʣ֮³ĬĽһеİš
ⰲ՝λɫЩ㱣ĽŲ죬Ǻ˻׷һ
Ȼʵϣ˿첽׷
՝Σ
һͺȣ՝βòͣ˽Ų֪Լ̫ӵʱܹ˵ĻңǱʶͲ̸̫
Ѿ՝ζ꣬һһȻ˽ģΪ㹻˽⣬ŻԽĻţǴżֵίģ뿪յʱ䣬Ϊʲô՝ζ̬ȾǱ仯֮
첽׷ȥʮɫðһ밢׹˺棬λӵܹ˵Ļ
ҹɫŨµӰԶԭ򣬹رԼһյ𲻴ȴܹպҫ˵Ľ¡
՝εʹͷ۾˵ЬӣϸǰԼСĵ̫ӵǰȥ
˵Ҳÿգ˵՝αɿصģζ¶ԷΪĳһ
ž֮ӣͳ˽Ų֮⣬ֻϡӵļ
֪ߵǳխĹϣ՝ʶıͣ˽Ųǰİɫżֵĺ
㡣صЦ漴ס՝δһԵָ
ͻ՝һ͵̧ͷײ˫ǳǷŹ֮ͫУü۴һӣֻҪһ۱ͽС
ҡſڣȴֻü΢ΪԷûҪڣסָ󣬱Ϳʼǰߣһһ՝βòæ̧Ÿȥ
һʼĵײײһһϡ
˵Ĺѡӱܣʵǲ՝κεľܾ
ҹɫ̫ֿԽҹųĴ
ԭżĹȴ˵Ķ̣ǲŹȥһ˲ʱ䣬Ѿߵ˾ͷ
ͣ˽Ų՝β͵ػعջԼָ¶ȱҹһҲʹˡ
՝ʶĽָſڵ̫±ڴ˵˵˰գʱ䲻ˣ̫һ·۳Ͷ٣ҪúϢϢġ
˻Ϊ̫룬ʵöԷʱ̤֮С
ԴţϾǵһԵľܾ̫ӣʹͷֻȥȡöԷķӦ
Ƭ֮һ̾̾Σһ
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Ч՝漴뵽ԼƼĻϵģζʳ˵Ǹˬڣ֮ãûгԵ
ؼ՝û˵ȴܹתƵпԥаЦ՝βϲԵϰȴô䲻ġ
ֻţʱҲˣʵĶȻҪ֮ġ
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£ȥ·ڻҰ
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ȵ՝Խľʵﴫģ֮
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՝ű̲סЦ߹ӻܹ뵽һЩֵĵʱҲʵЩˡ
˵һ˵ȴǴֵ՝α֪Ȼ߹ˣæðһæﶼϣſ첽߳䡣
ȥһƣȻ߹һյССĵյϴŲõЦ՝γˣʱһױһᵽ՝εǰ
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վһԣ˲֪ô£вп̫ӶԴҹҲ̫һЩֻҪǹеģҹС
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ȴҡͷˣҲʲô󲡣ֿȥɣŹȲˡ

՝תſվڲԶλǣ՝εĿʱַɿİڶš
ûע⵽߹ȻһԵŵģڻǲܼȥˡ
úչĸף¶ȻҪҵġ՝βĵ˼䣬漴תȥ
ֻԼеӣ漴ɿķ֮УܹҪһġ
ȵ՝Σʱ՝ΣҪ՝Ŀ˵Ȼ՝ȴֻһ˼ԼΪûǮһ·ǳĬ
һ֮Уתˡ
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һ̤Է֮У՝αᵽһɵζмζȴ㣬˲뵽ҹ﹬˵ĻѲôѾŪ
һ룬՝εĽŲԽĿˣͥԺбѾƼ˹صӰһ飬ȴֱֱߵλţǵȴһ
ţ՝ʶıͣ˽ŲЩҳŶԷȥ
ȻҲܼǰ˭ûȿڣԭء
ֻ՝β֪Լʲôļ尾ζǳŹһջ
֮󣬹̾ϢһֵٲĻ˾Ҫˡ
՝һɫıȥ˹صߣؾصˣֱֱķ̲棬˼ֵĽ
ֻ̫ӵĿͬһʵʻһϣͲҶӵġ
˲֣Ҳ֪ΪΣһЭһĽУ՝εǰͬһߣɣ˵Ļ
ġ
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֮՝αͲסʣµĶԹˣ֮žþò˼
ԼҲ̫Сˣ̫ƺҲûʲô΢չġ
ϲ
ϲ՝οٻشţԽˣȻֶ̳̣ҲԼ̲ס
ؿǰ˾ᵽüͷᣬЦȻ漴ȴ뵽ؼҵĵסˡ
՝ο֪ˣ

ج


һ⻰՝λһЩ֪ĳŹصλȥƺǲΪʲôͻȻ޵ȥ
˼Ƭ̺СĽĻش֪ǰղȥѧõģʶѣʦ˵ҵĹαȽϺã±һЩ⡣
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՝ֹѰ˼ãȴǺߺ˵
̧ǰ̫ӣв²ŶԷҪһĻشվѾǵǸʮ꣬ٳľѧһЩ
ȻԽˣԽǾ޶Ȼ՝εнΪҪۿۡ
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՝üĿһתѰ˴
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ģӦġ
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סڣʱ˵̫ӵ֪ĻǾ͵űӰɣ՝߳ŭǳ⡣
ޣȻл˼ģŲˣ




լ
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һȥƼĸϿԵĿҪ߲ȥģŵÿ첽ǰȥĴ
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ԴǸЦЦлֺ⣬ֻǼҽ
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⻰՝β΢İ漴ͱ۾
Ҳ֪ԼôǶԵĻǲԵģϷҲ˵ʲôо͵¦˺ˡ
ظţ·ŲЩʮֵĸˣһԵ¦ҲǣǶԽƼϷڴ
Ψһƽıֻ՝ˣֻǵȻĸѡ
ظƺ󣬹ϵ߶ܹƳֻ׹ݵ՝ţţϳĬš
Ժڣ՝α;Լһ԰һһӻ԰Ϸ̨ӱ֮ǰƼĻҪ࣬Ѿ͵ȴŵˡ
ǱŰɣȥ׼ˡ˵ͳϷ̨Ӻȥˡ
՝Щת¦ˣȴһѾ֪ģ
ҪԼ̨
՝ο۸ˣֵϷǺƼģҲĸˣҵһƼϷ
ΪǵһΣ˿ϷֻǲƼ٣ûζˡ
՝ξЩ㱣ȫû뵽ȻϺȲ֮΢Ļ
޲ûǵȴ̫ʱ䣬µʼ漴Ƽǳˡ
һʼ೤˾ʮֱˣһˡ
՝β˼ֵζҲ֮ǰࡣ
һǳͱ˳ױǸͻü۴λãΪĻҪΪļǵϷ
ģӡͷһһ顭
ɲ꽻ӣ׵ǲѣˮϸ絶

ľб


һϷٵ˳Ϸ˵
仨ˮ飬˾ñ˲ѡ
՝΢˫ǰױлĻˣͷβĽϷһ飬ԽԽǾŲѡ
תȥ¦ˣȴֻһԵģ̨ѾתȥıӰ
՝ЩѰһܹԼȷϵˡ
ȻȻûˡ
֪ȥ˶ã޲Ŵ̨̨߳µ̨ϽȻͬΨһͬĴž˫Ļ˫ϼ۶ѡ
ֻǴʱ՝Ļң޾ֱߵ՝εǰ۾ֱĴһһϣ՝ξϷΣ
żֵ՝ϸһʱȴڴЦ⣬ͬ¹Ӱŷı仯ϵı仯š
ҡţȴǾþ˵
՝οҪܲסĿ֮ʱһԵ¦˲ǻعһӦϷĺðֵĳԽԽˣܹٴһ°
¦˵ĳ֣ǽ՝һ㣬վֱ۾Ҳ¦˵λÿ˹ȥ
ûбŵ՝Īһ÷ŵʵǺ˵Ľ
֪ôģЩڴӦϷ˶Ҫ̫ӣȴҲõĶˡ
뻹ʵĳʳ
뵽՝β̾һ
՝οǱϷȾˣϷʵԸһģиҲǺõİ¦˵˵žˣһɫ֣ȻҼյʱ䣬Һúõĸд֣
ɫȻ漴ЦiԵ࣬ͷӦ£ãұ͵¦ֵĺýˡ
˵գ˱ϷЩ՝ζǲģԺ滹ǲ֮ǰǳϷص˲֪жȥŨױݱͳԼ
՝Σ
һ՝θѣ̧ЩãȻǰˣ˸
޲ЩˣɫЩȻƿЩĿ⣬՝Σûȥˡ
á՝ȥ޵սֳŨŨױηΡ
ſڣ¦ȻֵĳԼҵȥˣ՝ߵıȽ׹ں棬ת˸ȴ뿪˲һʡ
՝ô죿
՝Ȼ̧ͷȴֻ޹ǵЦ
Ϊʲô
՝λһĵģ
һŵİһȴЩǵĿڵɫҲˣ֮ǰ̫ӵ¾ͷԸǧùˣûӰ˹ӵϢҲ֪ȥ᲻ᱻ𷣡
𷣣ҵˣ˭鷳՝ʶĿ˵ţȫûʶԼ˵⻰ͲǶԵġ
һҲ֪ȴֻСһ䣬Ҳ̫ӵŹӵġ
՝һ飬һǰİһ
Ѿɣ޵ǳϷãǾذ
՝ڰһĲһűƼſڵŵ¾ɻ󣬲ȴҲ֪Щ鲻Լܹʵģ׼
˭֪ȴֱͦͦĵȥ՝εȥ·漴
ūŷ֮չȥ
՝üͷЩ֣ǹ޹ܹǰȥģ빬ȻҲ׵ģô˵Ļ
՝βҲµԭæ̫ӵȻ֪˵չ˾ӣӲǼͣ˶ڣ赣ǡ
˭ڣ՝ζʱץס˹ؼ
С㡣
՝¶ɫҲû֮ǰĵֿԥƬ֮ȥˡ
һ·ƼæĹƼʱǽŲӿƵġ
ڶϱߣڱȽϵصĵƣԽűͿ˸߸ߵ̨ףӲǽ̧ףΪı߹ܹܳʪӰ졣
՝νֱϱߣһűͿ߹˵˵ЦЦ
ҲͬʱҲƼϴæĳ՝֡
՝ˣ˵أ
՝βλϣ¶죬ҵ飿
æͷǰ˵֮ǰȥѧòõʱһӲɹʳֻһ˲ԣһʼҶΪǲϲ˭֪Ǹԭɰ
ʮϵЦ
՝һ㶣漴ͻЩҲסСΪӱȽԭʱʱıСշȻǿϸֻǶȥˣűġ
һα󣬾ӣȻĽǹӸӲסûгһڵģŻո֮ðһæΪԵĶˣŶûгԽȥ١
ЩС²һᡣ
ȴԽСԽ˵Ļ򲻻뵽ġ
ԭ򣬵û⽩ӲСǸῴɫģĻԼѰõĽ
ɫ֮ʱǣ՝æ˵һͬȥ˳͡
ʱ䣬ԼҲ񣬵Ҳû˵ʲôȥˡ
՝ǰ棬һʼû˵ֻǾĵţһȺƵơ
ɫ՝ԥ˻ᣬǿʵǱģ
ǡҧ˵˻ѣǻṫģڼĻ֮ײ˶ѣͱ˹һ룬Ϊ՝ΰɣ
՝ε˵ͷ߹ϲ֣ƽϵͲѰȥҲȻֻǲ֪ôҲһͬǰȥˡ
ҲΪ˰ɣĺܣ՝ɻɫЩ̣ȴֲ֪Ӻ˵
֮ȴٴε˳ֱǰҪֱʱ뵽ʲôһСڵҵ˵һ£ƽŷ̫Ӳޣպǽˡ
՝һʱ첻ѣ˵֮Ϳ첽ȥˡ
Զû壬ֻǼ՝ɫĪЩĻǰʵӿҪȥԸţ
՝ȴûлش𣬶ʵ̫ӵأ
ʱһ̫ӵ±ţӿҪҪ̣
£ֻһʰˣȥŰɣ՝Ȼȴ˵ǺθܣյһԽĻˡ
̫ƽ׵Ļȴһ׮̫֮ޱĿܡ
ֻһ՝εǾЩˣ֪̫ӳɻ֮󻹻ԺóԵ
գҹξ՝þòܻ׼ǰȥѧãȴһ֪ݣ՝һ㶣漴˻ȥ
뵽ʲôʵпʲô飿
һһûпڣһԵİǰ˵˵ĿƽҹҲ֪ô£ǴԶƽҹˡ
ҹˣ՝֣ö˶˵Ϊξˣ˵Ҫ̫ӵµ
ҡͷЩСĵ;˵˭֪Щ鰡ӱ͵ЦͰˡ
՝εͷԼտԻոһˡ

26


Ȼƻϲϱ仯Ѿʰˣ˭֪ᱻ
ҪȥصõϢ֮ʹҴææĸϵԷԭΪǼٵģȴû뵽Ŀһ밢ʰʱżˡ
ʲôܣȴ՝Զ
՝Ҳû뵽ʱػЩ֪λشԼȷŻռһˣ͵ͷ
˭֪һͷصɫʱʮֿ£ǰһץס՝εдżֵʵΪʲôҪ뿪Ϊ˵ʲô𣿡
һᵽޣ՝αһЩҡҡͷҪϣȴ־ԼȷΪ˵ǷҪȥһʱֻ֮һ޴ĿŶԷ
ض՝Ϥˣ՝εɫѾ²⵽˴𰸣Цһɿ֣ϴżֳŪȴⷬ
Ҫȥȥɣ
̫ӡ
˽չӵĶʰ׵вҪʲôˡ
՝θ׼ȴǱظϣûиκٿڵĻᣬҲֻĿŹش󲽵뿪Լʱռұ˻ռҡ
՝Ȼʧվԭأ̾Ϣһ֪̫ӵ½ʱ鶨Ȼ˵֮⡣
ΪūҲֻ̫ܰӷԸģ˽ʰãȻ՝εǰ
չӣҪƻʲôûϵģ
˻һʱ՝࣬жŭռתһ˵ĵյһǰͽյһȥⲻ۵ģŰɣ
˵̧꣬ųȥˡ
һ࿴ţ漴æ͸ȥ
ǰյ̧Ŷȥ
˵ǰװںʮȻıͽյ˽՝ǰʱʹһɫȥ
ʱˣԴɵĵ˵ͷ
ӣһ·˳硣
՝һŭظȥ
һǰʻţȥ
ҡҡλμ䣬՝ԽԽûзƢǹƾʲôѲɻҪȥĲɣ
һˣɵ՝СǱһˡ
ĪˣռҲǹһֱŵҲȴһ׮°
՝Цһ˰һһۣҧ
Ҳ֪ôģ¾òУ漴;ͷúܡ
һ˵ֻСĹ۲՝Σ˻˯ģһûһֱͷˡ
ŵĺã˭֪һϾͳ⡣
՝λոշȻǸ˵ģ՝λȥ֮ǰѾõ̫ӵţ򵥵Ľ˵һ¶ӻˣվҲӰ죬ǿɲŵġ
՝һ;룬շ˵Ҳû̫࣬ȥϢˣֱϸŵʱ֪ǳ⡣
æ˴ƣ˴޵ʱá
շڴ՝β԰׵ûסȥԵôˣôؼһˣѲǶôã
՝Ժģûշ˵ֻǽë΢΢
ˣȻȥЪϢɣŴ˵˲µģˡһԵĺŷ㲵ģɿȰοţɱǹӺˣֲˡ
շ˵˵ͷ՝εգ漴źһˡ
֮ǰĸ˰һ밢՝γ˰취⣬㵽ǵͷȥ
æڵϱ֤շˡ
ҹ󣬷֮бֻżžһڰķԵʮԡ
׼ȥ՝Σȴ˰ס˼ͷΪǰһ˭֪һתȴƼһܳˡ
̫̫ӵ¡µĺţŶԷĿ⣬ʱȥס˿ڡ
΢ҡͷ漴;ֱλȥˣСķԼĽŲ¾ŵ˯µˡ
Դ՝뿪֮ͺˣܹһЩĻ՝δڻڶ֮УΪĻ՝ҲᲡˡ
ţûסĳ՝εȥȵ¶ȶʱصָΧٵ׷ȥ
ʱһȥŶͷδԼô֮󣬲һֻǷ֮ۿǰߵˣȴǲԸˡ
࡭ţżʪ⡣
՝ϵҩζҲܹһҪһЩĽëɨģЩ˹صȥ
ֻǻδӦȴ峺ˮ֮У
ˡ
صĶʱһٵգգۣҪȴַ岻ܿơ
ûһŹһЩ
ԭΪӭһʹ⣬ȴû뵽ԷȴֻһЦ漴ȥס˹صָʪĽץסȴǱˣ˯˹ȥ
һЦԭûѹ
΢΢ɣԽĻϲܹÿ춼ܹԷģĻʲôǿԵġ
ľ֮ʹ΢Ķ֪ˣȻãȴòȥֻǳʱȴסָ
Ѿ˯˹ȥȴǲ١
һץסԼ
ؽ՝εָ⿪ʱ򣬲ɱ뵽ˡ
ֻϧ˯Ϳʱ
첽䣬Ƽǰȥڣ£ʱ䲻ˡ
ص˵ͷһԵİźˣձ͸՝γ£ǻв׵ıдǣҲ档
æͷǺ»ᳳѹӵĻʱǺ޲ùڵߵл̫ӵµĴ¡
鶼Ѿ֮󣬹ȻҲûˣֻת࿴һ󣬱첽ȥˡ
һߣһʼİһһѹ̫ӵҲ̫һЩ
죬ϸƤ˰һĻٽĶһ飬漴ͷֻӣӴǸҲûҪ뿪˼ֻȻȥԺǹɵĺܡ
һкսҫ۵İ
Ÿոշ˱Ͷõǰȥ՝εԺӣȴû뵽ԸǳһЩ
՝ڻ󣬲췺ױˣԼһʮֵΣǾʲôȴǱһɶģδſڱ;øпȱ
ǱðǰȥŪЩԵȥˡ
һ±ý̫Ķ˽ȥ՝ζԵԽ٣µıͳԵĲˡ
շ˱ʱˣ՝οѾ˵룬ɴżֵį
ǰ՝βԶΪ鷳ģһֵζǲԸԵģε˹ˣѲɰȥһ˶ѧʲôֵĳղɡ
շˣ՝ĸס
շЦЦװʲô鶼ûзһǰȥ̽һ¶ֲû쳣󣬱ͷˡ
㰡㣬˲ģһؼҾͲˣôϲˡ
´ȤĻ˭֪՝ȴ͵رɫ

027


ĸףе㲻Ϣˡ՝ʶıͽ⻰˵˳ɫԵò̫Ȼ
շ˲Ͳ˲Ծĵطȴ֪ѯʻʲôʲģǱֻ˵һЩ强Ļ֮ȥˡ
յʱ䣬ǰ͹ˡ
ӿڶʲô¶ˣ
ָ֪һģͻȻеշ˵ǰһһʼͲϵĲշ˵ģʱ˵
Ǳֻɰˡ
շһȻҶĵ飡
ɫĶŹŵˣ՝ãѲūŶ
Ժ˲Ϣ֪ԼҪ˵õĻ밢һ˿϶ǻܷģ˿ɲǹӣɲκε顣
ûпڵ˼շ˱Ͷ˼ֲҪȴǱˡ
˵Ŀǹ̫ӵ֮飿
һ̫ӣշ˶ʱɫѿ˵
ҳɣæ̫ӵ빫һЩìܣӱŻظסϼգ˭֪̫ӵ¾ֱùӻظˣСĲΪӲŲĵİɣ
֪Ϊ˺£ԽշԽǾ֣՝˽ã͸Ҫ˵̫ӵˡ
СĲֻ֪̫ӵº˵ǷĻʵʵ˵˵ǷǵĻȥѯʱǡС˵ţƼշһϡ
ŭƣ
ʱŰһģշ˻ǳ
Ҷշֻһ˲漴ͺ࣬ڵǝζߵˣȻǲεģұҹ
СĲң
һʻսսûг¡
Ƹ󣬰һûסĺ˼䡣
ˣΪҪˡ
̾ϢһҺõʱܹܶԸ˼䣬ȻĻ˵ϻȻҹƤ֮ȴٲ˵ġ
ڵ՝ŴϣЩƮҲԼǲˣֻҪһᵽ̫ӱ;ȫŭĲС
ֻ΢侲֮ȴֲ֪ԼΪʲô˵صոҪĲ
ҲΪĵգ՝ű˯ˡ
簢˵̫֮ìܣȻҪ˲ܹ˵ģ՝ʲģȥ̫ӵȴǲܵ顣
շ˱ֻܵûзһһֻ۱һֻۣӶѾˡ
صո֮еһжѾصԭһֻ՝Ըõʲô̫һģÿţǻ˼ֵζ
ѧϣѾٻ՝δкʱСĵײһתƿĿ⣬֮ǰ՝εһж·ֻһּһ
ֻ߹ʱʱĳ՝ελÿȥ
û뵽՝λ뿪ô죬û뵽û՝εӾȻ˵ѰԴ՝뿪֮Ļ־ͻȻһǱÿ춢ѧϰϵȫ˵һ顣
Ͷ鲻ô˵ȫսӴŹصѹɫ
̤ࣿ՝¶ɫϸһ룬ʱʺ̤ġ
¦˺ǺһЦڽ͵ⲻǿʱɽ̤ĻǱһζ
佫ڵļɻ䲢ûôΪ՝ѡǰȥ
՝⻰ʱ쵽ˣ뿪Ѿȥһµʱ䣬ʵûע⵽
һʼЩϰߣżȻһ찢ʳýƸ֮ϰˣѯʰȴֻ˵ԼѰһóӡ
՝αһͬǰȥɣɽҪһЩҲ՝λ֮ԼһЩҲ˵¦һĺ˵˵ĿľҪ՝θһȥ
ǵһαǸԼֻǴ՝εôһССҪȻҪӦġ
՝αˣܹܵס¦˽Ӷİ󣬲һյʱѡЭ
һͬǰȥǣ֮Σ՝ϸ룬Ӵʺϵġ
¦¶˷ܵɫ՝˵ʱþ˵ʱ䣬ãһΪҵʱڳǽߵλõˣ
՝εĵ˵ͷʾԼȻǲԼġ
еȻҪ֪շ˵ģ¦һͬǰȥżֵĲãһԵȴſһ䣬շ˵Ҳͬˡ
һµʱ䣬˵ǿȴܹԼ՝ʵ£ȥҲǺõģֻ⻤ҪһЩġ
պ󣬳ǽߡ
՝漴ͿһŕiգʱЩ㶣ʶĳ¦˵λȥ
Ϊֻ˶ѣȴû뵽Ȼбˡ
¦˺՝λæǰȥ͵⣬˵Ҫȥ̤࣬Ҳ£ǲܾܾģ՝㲻İɣ
՝ûӦǳ޵λÿȥ֪՝λῴһʮȻ¶һЦǵ՝æתߡ
ûУֻЩˡ
˰֣ʾԼǺܽ⡣
̤λþǳǽߵһСɽΪڱߵλãڿҪûпʲôˣֻǼ˶ѡ
՝밢ڱȽǰλãʱȥЩշר׼ģǺ՝λ¡
¦˼װʮĵĸпû뵽һ佫ˣǻҪŻıˡ
⣬ĸװŵģҲƴǡ՝ЩεĿ˵ţ֮ǰҲҪƴǣһĸ׵ɫ֪Լ˵ˡ
һԵ޵Цֻٵĳܵλƣ߬Ľġ
¦֪՝εӣҲ՝֮ĹϵǱͼм䣬ϵĵţֱ՝۵ĺˣ˵ԼЩ̫ʹŻһԵͤϢ
՝Ρ¦ȻżֵΣȴǸ˵ģҪ޸һЩ՝ͤϢĻɾǸܺõĻᡣ
ʵ߲ˣɽλҲԶˣұǰɣ՝ǳЦţڽ͵
¦˳ɽλÿ˿ȷҲĲ̫Զˣο՝ε߻Щ±Ҳͷ࣬Ȼˣֿȥء
ȥɣ
ſţȴ˿ûпڵ˼ֻǳĬɰš
˽Զȥ֮՝βһҲ֪ǲĴǾýޱƽﻹҪ֣һʼʱЦݣ՝ξһ
՝ϣ漴óһֱŵʳУĵĸ˳
ӣҪԵģ
һ՝αŵζˣûбˣûаֵһʱΧ
ġ

՝λΪ˵꣬һҽУһ̧ͷͿԶĻؿڴ̳ʺȾĵС

028


鷢̫죬՝αǰһĻŵûһʣµĸӦٶȣæǰȥ՝θ
ԷƺԤıĿҲʮȷҪĳ՝ελóȥ
ӣһ漴ǰȥס՝ε֣һܡ
՝ҲǰǸ꣬ܿͷӦֻǼѪ巴Ӧûа취ƣҺûаŵģܹȥ
һƬң֪Լǵ˭ڲֻռҶӣʲôֵ׷ɱģ
ɽ·ʮ᫣ֻôһ·ͦΪһ·òܡ
һ·ȴûƼκε՝ϴŴܾﲻԡ
֮ǰʱȻܹˣȴһ˶ûУһ˶ûп
Ҳ̫ˡ
ӣһ漴ǰͽ՝Լ󣬡Ҽҹ̫ӿ֮ˣ˭ǹӳ£ǶȻǲѵ˸ϵģ
՝ſԶλþǲ֪ʱվ󺺣ŵȻǷĵС
ԷѾϵĳ
՝ξļ£ǷǵҪء
ȻҲǽŵģһ䲻鼱֮µĺ԰ˣŵһǰȥΪӵס
ӣһܣ
՝װ˼ʶҡͷһ˵£ͽͶѡ
Ѿ˻ſ־ɫһǰȥȥȴǱ՝θ˽һԵ֮С
՝æײײǰܣĽŲԽԽܹӶƿһ
ٵıѾǰҲһƬģ
࣡
һŭͬ£՝ϤʱӲһбͬʱһģһһʱ֮侹˶
һʲô˵ϡ
՝λعʱѾסǻ֮гرīζ֮⣬һޱȴ̱ǵζ
ϵζʺĿζ
ǰһЩǰܴҽеȴ˱Ųܶ
̫ӵ£ǰȥֱ̫ϵ˿ڣʱɫһ䡣
ȴǲõĵһۣһȫûнС˿ģСĽе՝θ¶˳ŶԷ㱵ģŵ
՝Σ
˽Լ՝ʶĿ˹ȥϤף՝еˮ͵ص
ΪԼˡ
شδ՝ģʱŵæңȻ󲻿ɱĴ˿ڣܿƵʹ
՝һæˮֱϵ˿¶ɫûסȥ
ȵʱŷ˿ڱȿȥҪص࣬ѾѪʪֻǿ̫ѡ
̫ӵ£՝ȵĳȥæӹصĻгô죿ˣ򣡡
ؼ˵Լ¶ǳЦԸùҩۣ˿ڴ՝α£ûµģһС˶ѡ
՝ȴǿ˵ĻǼٵģҲ˲ģŹرͻ˳У֮ǰȥʧɢˡ
֮Уҽ̫β
ƼѾֹѪ˿ڣҽûκβһص̬ȴʱʱĳ̫ӵϿȥҪ֪Լʲôýʲôý
՝Ѿ˸ɾվһԿҽüͷûɿ
ҪΪĻ̫ӸͲˡ
ҽµ˿𣿡ˣ՝αûסǰѯʡ
ҽûشԼ˵ˡ
՝μ˲˵ʱΪʮأ뵽һǲ˿ںǵж
һֱݣ˼ֵı仯üͷܵ˾ҵʹ
ºۡ
̶ΣҽѾյϢæ⵶ϵȷжȴҲ޽⣬ֻǻ˿ʮֻҪܵˡ
ô՝εɫԽΣȫûע⵽ҽѾȥֱֵ˵ıǼ⣬Żع
ģµģе۶ѣ̵סؿЦţ՝οǿջЦһ
՝û˵ֻǳĬĿŹص˿ڣ֮ſڵ£ȻΪ՝˵ģ՝չɣ
ؼԼϣǲ΢΢
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ո՝θһȥͱշ˴ͷβļһ飬ûʱһ
ȥ՝ε˱ֻһ£һǱİ
һԽ˵ĻշǶҪǵĻ赹ȥԼ՝λ˲һ
ĸףû£ֻǽұҪȥסϼˡ՝ο˵ţЩȥĸ׵۾ʱεĵĮԼҪҪȥˡ
շȻ岻֪ô£ǼȻڣټеϢҲ³˴՝ε̫ӾµģȥסЩʱգʲôѵġ
ǱһӦˣ՝ȥȥʱ֪ĸһǡ
õͬ՝αͻԼԺʼ׼
һЩˣͱ՝ոαֻ˰һǰȥ
ϣһûסĿʼǿΣգӲҪ£ǳµĻһҲ񰢶ڹǰġ
ﻹװ՝ΣʱЩˣҳ°ɣ
һʱٿˡ
һ՝β֪ԼסڽԷס̫ӵ޵֮Уڸڵƫ棬Щ죬Ҳûж룬Ͼչ̫ӵģýȻǺõġ
ûзԣ˽Žȥ¶Էһ㡣
՝αΪ̫Ӽҩ˭֪ǱֹˣԼδŪҲǻͰˣȴһֱҩ棬ҩ˱͸̫ȥ
ϵĹĻظЩۣҪ՝һЩҲܲ՝γԿࡣ
һԵˣ£ܹҪѡһģҲһ⡣
ˣȥŵ㣬ˡȻҲͷĻˣ˵ǡ֣򵥵ĴǿԵģͿȬ
϶ǲġ
ŲضʱͷеıӣȻװһǼѵģһǣȴΪûס˵ϡ
՝νƼĳҲҩḶ́Ųӿ˲٣ҩ֭ȾĴָû⡣
£źȵһҩαôż
ҩ£漴ıʣµҲؾصʰãһĿŹء
՝Źеָ߬ţܲס՝һֱ񣬾ЩҪӱܡ
՝˾ģڵ¶Ȼǲ㣬ǲ՝αֱŵĻ՝θιҩɣ
أ

29


û뵽ǣ՝ιҩ˵һĥ
һ۵ĥ
˵ľ뼫ܹùᵽԷϵѬ㣬ֵǼŰζͬ՝һ㵭ţýܹ֮ᵽһ˿˿ζ
ζЩƲסԼ˼ȵعʱ򣬲ŷԼȻ֪ʲôʱס˶Է
Ͷ՝һãȻɫ
£
ضʱӦɿ˶ԷԵĿʼ
룬՝μ˲֮ǰ飬ҵǰȥĴı
£û°ɣ
û¡˵ǵĽؼþա
՝μû֮һ漴Ǿ̫Ļ´ұܹ׼һЩ۽ܺóԵģ
ÿҩʱշ˱ͻרΪ׼ЩֻҪһţ֮ǰҩζʱɢˡ
֪՝ϲʲô¶һĨǳЦ͵Ĳ񻰣ãġ
՝ЩϰߵԼĶ䣬ͻȻ֮֮ǰ֪飬ˡ
ͻĶʱùϵЦһȴҲʲôû˵ֻǳĬĿ՝εĶѡ
£՝ھȥãΪԷĳĬ՝θǾβѣʶȥҲ֪ô£ֻŲ뿴̫ӵǸģɫʵβѡ
Ϊة֮ӣȻ֪һЩ飬ȴҲû˸ҷǰ˾ʲôģ՝β֪ȴ֪̫ʲôġ
ûΪҲãҲΪˡ
՝Σ𱨵ˡ՝εͳԼһ漴Ϳ첽ȥ˵Ҫ۽ȻҪȥõġ
ڣ՝һߣ˷ݣٽеֽŵݸ˹ء
˳ָֽٵĽϢ꣬ɫΪѿ
ȲҪݾߣҲ⣬Щ濪ʼԵġ˵ŻָһͽֽŸ飬漴Ķڵϡ
æǰֽż漴ͬʱɿȥ
՝ζŵӷɿ֮ܽУŲҵĴ빬صĶУʱ˲١
ԭ՝λǻġ
՝η·֮ǰһױĽ۽ڹصǰ۰Ͱ͵ĿŶԷԽ
£ǲǺܺóԣҪϿɵĻȴƫƫ
һʮݣ۾ȴû뿪۽
֪ǲˣͷӦţóԣζдżֵᣬɿڡ
՝β΢̾Ϣһ֪Ӧʱ͵һڲŶԡ
Ѿϰ˺͹ദģʽһ㶼ûоԼ̫ӵ۽ʲôԣھȥһ
ʮֵסˡ
ȴ֪ģڹǶôĿɰ漴ͽӳ՝ελƣ۽Զ˿ҩԣ՝ǲĻ㡭
⣡δ˵꣬՝αĽϣһ۽ŽǳǳӰ֡
ؿ՝ΣɻȻΡ
ΪҲ՝ΣȴһνʱڣǼ՝Ρ
ͻȻ֮뿪࣬Ҳ՝κúõģѾһḬ̄ͼֻЩƲסԼ̰ѡ
ʱţչ̫Ѿȥյʱ䣬՝ȻҪǰȥѧãŴ󿼵ʱѾ࣬ǿԵĻ՝αſҲ޷Ҳܹﵽ̫Ҳ˵
ҲЩһ飬Ǳ߾
һѧã՝ΣƼϲδ˿ڱһ
՝֪Էڵǣæڰοòصǣδˡ
֪ЩߺҲܿ͵Լ̬՝ζ御ǶԷҲӦõġ
̫ˣ˵أԴǼ֮ղð˯Ѱ˻ȥѯĻӣϾܹĳģ˭֪Ļӹֱӳϣŭǲǻ՝Ρ
˴治ʱ򣬾ţк£תˡ
ΪԼᱻɱڣ˭֪һҹʲô鶼ûз
՝Ҳ֪λشֻ˵һЩģĻ
Ȼ֪еشҲûзҪֻ֪ǿѶԷСĻӡ
˵תȥԼǰȥģԼݣǰȥҲ޷ġ
՝뵽Ļӣ;ͨ巢
صλ֮󣬲ŷ¦޾Ȼڣ⵹ò죬һҲ֪λȥġ
՝ǿԼע鱾ϣعʱѾá
׼֮ʱȴǱͻȻ¦˸һ
ʱ¦ɫʮֲ԰ףңһԵСסǰһֻ֣еĿ՝ΣǿΨһϣһ
՝δӷŵľлعƼ¦֮С˽˷ſ
״ʶĵ՝εǰ
ˣôˣ˵¦ôںˣȴδһǲޱ߷
¦˽ߵ՝ǰʿˮ՝ΣæҲֻܰæˣ
Ļʮֿ϶՝Խ֡
Ѱطİɣ՝¦漴ͶϰǵɫЩЦ
ƺϴεĴɱ֮󣬰ͱЩɹˡ
Ϊ՝εľȻûа취ΥֻһֱĶһʲô紵ݶͻ֡
˱ȥ¥طֻǼ򵥺ȲλãҲʺ̸
˳ȥ֮¦˵Լ
՝ξȾޡ
ޣ՝üͷҪȥȣ
չȥôľͷ˷츲صı仯
¦˼՝ʲô֪ɫЩԥҲ֪ǽ֪՝Σǲȷѡ
՝μ¦ԥвڵǲ˵Ļȥ
ܹһʱĹλʱȻмֵɫС
¦˱ôһȣеԥʹͷͿʼ˵ǰ
֮󣬷ڲŴһѵ
՝ѹŭʵˣȥһҪɱԼˣοı̫ӣǴ˵ЩǱı֮
¦˱һ޲Ҫ̫ӵģֻһʱͿ՝ΣȾɣ
˵űͲԼϣֱӹ՝ǰߵס
ͷײڵϣƵŲ±ѾѪʶ
՝ȻǲܼԷ̣Լ뵽ϵ̫ӣʱҧгݣ̫ȣһǲ˾ˡ
ǽپȷ֣ǲ̫Ҳ
һеĿ՝εԺвתӲֹסҪڴӦġ
ʮ՝Ρ
δϹ֮ԷǱ̱ڵϣʶѾʮģȴɳ՝ελȥš
՝Ρ

30


⣬՝Ƶ΢΢ǵʱѾ¶ĲȥᣬȴվҪơ
ǵ֮ǰ˵Ļ
޲Ǳ̫ģǱؼҵġ
·ѾΪ˵ıܣ˭ȥ߸ϵˡ
՝ߵİ՝ɫ̫ãǳٳûнȥûסĿڵӻ̫ƣǻ´ֵΣ
˵֪˺£ıӵ֣ǱȻﲻ⡣
՝ΰ̾ϢһҲû뵽ԼˣҲΪ뵽ϱ¦˵Ľ֡
û뵽ԭ¦ϲޣѹΪһϷ뿪¦ҡ
Ŵ򿪰ɣ
һԵ⻰ͽһɫŸ򿪡
ָ֮⻹һɫıǽһ᷿谵֮УѶʱҲȽϷ㡣
ĳ՝εǰЩûסˡ
ҲǼãȴûм֮ĳ
ԭŻޱ¦ҪǱĶ࣬ɲŕiգβ޵ζУһĨ죬ζûа취Ĩȥ
޿˾՝֮дżįʧ漴Ƕ⣬޷ӵĶ⡣
Ǿ˵ģ՝¶죬¦˵Ҳ̫ǲ֪Ϊʲô޾˵ĳԼ
ʧΪ˭ˣ
߽һЩѯţޣ֪Ϊʲôôң֮ǰ޹ʲôɺ޵أ
һʲôЦûȥشīȾ⣬ǿʵѾ֪̫ϲҪ̫ˣ
鱻ھ՝βż߳ŭ
ʲôϵ⻰һ˵ڣ՝αʲô
ͷֻһ飬ٿ޵ﻹʲô׵ģһĿڵ㣬㾹Ϊԭ򣡾ΪҪأ
βܣ㲻ĻôܹңѾ˵ȴľܾңʲôԲҪȴûнȴǽеĺöƳȥҪ
՝Σƾʲô
Խ˵ԽƲסԼѿĴţҪԼܵίǵܹԴ՝εһãҲ֪ˡ
Ҳ֪
՝һʱ֮䲻֪˵ЩʲôȫͱЩҲû뵽Ȼ顣
Źض֣՝ξ̲ס߬ȭͷ
Ͳ֪ѳ֮õģȴ֮ġ޲ûзڲϵĿߡ
՝žô̶ޱȣŭסڣ
䲻֪пҪɱȴʵúõģѵñ˾һҪú̫ӶҺã̫ӵ飬ľüʣΪβȥӮõµĹעȴǽеĹƵ˵ϡ
˵Ϊβϲ¦ˣ֪εϲ㣬ȴֻΪΪʲô¦ġ
¶죬ƺû뵽¦һ
՝ζʱñޱȣעȫĵģȴûнϡ
ÿ˶˵ı΢
̫Ҳ⡣
һ˴ȥǵ˵ˣǲܻؼҵģȻĻؼҵ˶Ȼһνһ¦˽ߵġ
՝˵ţЩһʼѾ˵ġ
˭á
˼՝εͷæǰŸ򿪣ȥ
ȻȴûҪȥ˼ϵţдţҪҲҪߣҪ̫ӵ£Ҫ£
՝ĮȻĿһУ˽ץȥҲֱҪȥʱһܲס޵ĳһֽ˹ȥ
漴Щĳ՝ελÿȥȴ՝θûаֵ⡣
ȴ¦ˣޱ˳ϲǰ˽˹ȥͨ۾Ǹл
՝Σлл㣬һ뿪ʳǣԶǰġ˵žҪ¹򣬵ȴֹˡ
՝νüûаֵɿˣΪ뿪ʳֵ𣿡
¦Ҳ֪ǲѾ֪飬Ϊ˱˶Լļˣֵ
¦ɫʱһ䣬żֵãڿ޵֮¶ᶨɫǳЦֵãΪһжֵõġ
뿪֮՝αͻص˶ǽӸ֮󣬲ȥҩҩã֮ǰɫЩأʹ̫ҽ֮ҪЩҩС
ҩ߽˹ص޵
յҩűܹܵеĿ
Ѿ޵֮еȴ՝ε֮ǰǽõȫ˸ߣֻһμǶѣҲ՝ϲμǡ
Ȼ՝ˣܹҵ㹲ͬ⣬Ȼ˶Щʱ
ֻû뵽ǣԼȻһͰһҩϡ
՝εЦţֳǰƣ»ǳȺ˰ɣ˿ܾͻһЩˡ
áػشЩѣҩʱҲܿ࣬՝峺ֻӲͷƤҩȥ
Ϊ̵ԭ򣬺ȥ˲乬ֻǸоڶѣǵȾȥ֮󣬱ǵصĿ࣬ҲûסŤָߣԼ侲
՝οŶԷ̵ݣ֪ǻá
öԷưͳԻп˵
ջˮε붼û뵽ȻΪԭԼᱻƣᱻ׷ɱ
˵߶Ǽٵģڿൽ֮ȴ־úЦ
՝Цʶ̧ȥ՝ƽǳЦǲ׿еģֻЦĺ˵ʱУ۾ԲģһЦȴԵЩβλôŻȣű;
㡣՝׽Ūˣȥ۽¶ȥȥȥζ
һ㶣漴ͽ۽Уζ˲ռǻȫȥĴ
ƺ֮ǰĿҲνˡ
ŹЩ㶵ɫ՝Цݽԭľͬ˵˴ԼãԵ׽Ūûаֵһ㶵ĿԼ
ñ˿ˣָ¶ʲôɫ
՝һһʱ֮ؿЩ͵ģβҲЩɬ޵ĳ嶯
՝Σ
ʹüۣ֮ڵ՝֪ѾõĲˣ՝εûոˡ
áضʱЩ䣬ϵμҲûз
՝ͳȥȴڿҪʧʱ͵ػ룬ǵѰҵĻԼ¥ɣ
˵꣬Ϳ첽ȥǺ»ῴصκηӦ
ֱ߳޵՝βŷ˽ŲƽԼĺ
ת⹬˱Ԣ⣬Ҳȴ̫˽⡣

31


ףķżȣеĺɻѿţЩѾʼ㡣
ոԵø֣ΪģֻΪռСӵ
Աӿ՝εԺȴԵø壬ֳ鱾յֽ
֮ǰһᡣ
֪˭дģǲڻʳ
ǰҫ˺Уòֵ̫ǰȥ˭֪Ǳôһ˵±ָҪ̫ȥԻ
ϸ˵ÿձͻͨţһǹȥš
՝βһǿˣΪŻͲ
뵽ŷݣǿԭ¶Էˡ
ĹϵһҪܵĶ࣬ٽһȴûеģ՝ֱԼ뷨̫ӹܣ˭֪̫Ļ׳һһʼҲ䵭ģֻǺȴǽģ
՝βʲôľͷô᲻ס
ֻǡûôͦȥ
ζշ˾ͲˣǰѰˣ˶鱾ţɫȴûа鱾ϵģſѡ
՝ζʱعװģļװ̫񣬽鱾ĸףѰ£
ʲôأ˵ԣշЦһȻҼװȥ
՝һ㶣һʼڷ֪Լʲôֻ͵͵ȥ鱾ķ棬Ŀİ˵ЩݣҲƽ¿һЩ
շ˼˾ǴˣŽ՝εûҪʵ׵˼ֻ֮ǰ뼸λ˵̸՝οӣб˼ֵ뷨
ζʮˣף
ףշֻҪ̽뵽՝εķӦ֮󣬾Ǵš
ϱӵʱûĸ˵Щ
뵽ԼʱĶõϣƢĸȻǲῪڣһΡ
ٹ±Ҫƿڶ²ʱ򣬸οʵѾϲˣŸ֮ǰȥ֪⡣ǰģ٣՝˵ͺҲ֪ΪƭԼĸףᵽԼϲˡ
շһƱ֪՝ζȻûƭԼвɻϲ
ѡȻǺõģ՝ѡģǱ͸ˡ
㰡ĸ׾ٵȵȣһһҪа
՝εЦţӦͣһȻܹϵģǰԼȻǿϵġ
՝βϲ֣ŵʱϯ벻ͨͨΧҲ֪˶ٵļ黰
ȻصԺʱԴµģǶȴûװ¶ٵĶȫſ˵ȥˡ
՝ɫݣ֪ΪΣ̽ԵſʵӿҪСȥСһˣ
أҲЩϢɣ՝ſھܾҲðȥϢҪһ˴š
ЩԥͻȻ뵽ʲôɫЩŵĳȥ
Ҳˣտǹӵ
ܹ鲻ֻйһ˵ġ
ֻһյΪû˱ˣ՝αҲûһһ۵ûʲôֱſ˴ᡳ濴ȥ⻹Сʱϰߡ
ԼҪʮ壬ϵµǱƽռĶҪԲĶ࣬Ҹܹ՝ĿǿҶ
ȵʱ֮՝αͿʼƺҲûзôЩԹ
ҲǷҪˣֻŵʱˣԼ˯µĻǻöԷЩʧ䡣
ţ՝ͻȻᵽһɵζǼźɻ˲ͽĲ˳ԭûĶӣ
۾Ĵȥȴûпκˣ˵ǳԵģʱΪԼǳ˴ǶеܲסҪȥҵ㶫ԡ
˭֪ոһ񣬱ͷǰԶĵطһҶŵĶȥǻܹܵڡ
ɣſţ漴ʮֲĽҶ򿪣¶ĳʳ
ҲûŴ֮ɻζͱøŨ
һֻɻռ
ؼ˸ˣҲûмȥ˼ʹӴ¶ΣЦʮֳĿŶԷʵɻ⣿
ż՝ζʱһ٣ֻһֻռ
û뵽̫ӾȻҲôŵʱҪ֪Ŀ棬û̫һ͵˵ͼۡ
һͽ뵽֮УǺһ鼦ͳȫûǲˡ
ˣҲ˿ݣֻʶĺӵǾȻǿ鼦⡣
՝ξıǱʳҲͳԲ¡
ŭ̫ӵ£Ҳ˶ңͿţڻҪ͸˵ĶҲ̫ˣ
صû뵽՝εķӦȻô󣬱ϾһͳԹ՝εķʳôͻȻôС
СȴյĿڽ͵˭˵ֻһһ׼ģǿģ
óĶ֮ǰ՝ǰȥõƣиӵͼ
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՝һʱ뵽˹޷磬۾˼֣ȻһѽƸ˹ȥС棬Ҿˣлл̫ӵ¡
ؽ՝׵ʮ͸՝εͷ΢࣬ͻȻø棬՝ΣҪ׵Ļ𣿡
ף
՝ζʱԭأû뵽ջֻǴӶֱӱ˳ס
՝Щ˵гϣæĶԲԣֻҪұͲף՝Σһһֱġ
ƭˡ
՝μ˲ͷӦ
Է̫ӣǷסĻӣԺǻʵۣûһʵûлʺõģЩͲ՝ܹʤġ
ɬĸ飬˲˾κˡ
¿Ҫˣ֪ļС㣬ĸʵֻۣ՝ûиãȻĻȻҪȥһԡ
˵ĻʱһˮشͷβҲһʼȸԾ侲ٵȻ
՝ζ̬ȱ仯ûвΪԲŻ̽һ£ȴû뵽һ仰
ҧ՝Σ֪Լ˵Щʲô𣿡
՝εʹͷеĺɻռû֮ǰ⻰ʶͽ֮ǰĻظһ顣
漴һֻͻȻס°һ̧òͷˣ˫̲ſ籩˫ͻȻЩˣֻǻûеڣ˫ӱ͵شս
ȵĺһ՝εɴ۾еռ˵ϡ
ɻζڿڳ֮ӣֿʱ˶ЩϢ
ͬһãһá
ؼ՝ģԼŭռпҪŷ˵ıȥ
żĶӵζ
՝ηӦһϵռȻ͵סԼ
Ȼ̫ӡ

032


Ϊ՝ʱ䣬˾Դϴ֮Ҳûм档
՝εҲΪɻ뵭ί
ԼʱеԹǱƭ˸Թ
ҩŲһˣŭǰˣʲôҩˣܹġ
һҲһҲǹ˲ôˣæĹﱻָˣ
빫кθϵʶѹĿŰһ
˭֪һͲǸῴɫģֱԵҼҹǹĹοĹָĻӣʲôԵ
˵ѳΪ졣
˵ʲôһŭȣ˶һת՝ΣʱæĪҲֻ󴫶ѡ
՝üŭȣ󴫣ҵҪȥǲ󴫣
ʮַ꣬ȴϢֱĲУ˵ѾûǸ˼ĻӿɲʲôˣϴΪӦ¦ңô£ҪĻӡ
՝ڵĳշ˵Ժȥһ·ϼ˶ûᣬֻһζǰȥ
·һ֪ǳˣæ׷ȥ
Ȼ՝ôʮߵӣܹ׷ϵϵġ
һűշ˿˵¡
՝μ˽Ų߽ȥ
ĸסҴҵ漴Ϳշ˵ˣĴˣ՝κ󣬲¶ǳЦ
՝һ漴ˡ
ζô£Ҵҵģշ˿֣üжЦ⡣
՝αҪֱӿѯʣǼڴˣҲͲҿڣֻ˵ԼͻȻ뵽δĸףǰ밲
ζ׼ԣ밲Ͳˡ
՝εЦĸ׾͵Ϊ͵ɣ
⺢ӣ
˼ĸڣֻһЦţ岻ϻȥǰż
ҲǾ՝ζ˼ָĻӣ՝αû˻ᣬǼ޸՝εĻᣬβұĹûһǼ˲ġ
շ˵Ҳûһֱ՝δȤת˿ʼ˵ֻÿҪ˵՝λµʱ򣬶ǧתƻ⣬ȫûҪ˼
뿪˶ûаֵĻᡣ
՝μԶȥſʵĻӵĻ¿ģ
Ȼģãʱúúõȥ񡣡շЦţΪһ՝ЩߣĻӿɲǺùޡ
ںɻصʱۿ˶öֶţο˻ı֮ġ
ҲʲôĹǸעģǲ޵Ļƶ㰡ǿǿԼɣ㿴Ӷû뿪㡣
ԽԽҲǷˣȻѾĻӵĸ֦ĻӲԸʲôȻĻҾռҵжԣѲ̫ӵ𣿡
͵̫Ӷӣ՝ζʱɫһΣ뵽˭̫ӵˣ՝οɲǣ
ңŮҵĶӣշһԺζ㿼׼ôˣûģǿҲûйϵͻСҲ̫żǿԵĻȶҲǼõġ
՝ۿԽ˵ԽףͲ˵ԼҪúøϰΣæܳԺӡ
ȻصԼԺȴһ㶼ûа취רģֻֽ̧дһţҪԼѯʣǲԸĻȻæ
ӹţ˵ŶȻҪֽУ՝ĵͷ
՝β֪ǣźͽŴ̫ӵС
ضϵĻɾƣ՝μֺ՝λһεľܾԼûг՝εǰ˭֪˼
һԿŶЩչǶĻӵӡ󲻺á
ˣʱ汣՝αǡǱ߹¶ȻˮһΣȻǲⳡ־ݡ
ҵѡֱӱͻӰ쵽
ţԼ¥
ŵʱɳĴλţܾĻӵ˾͸ԼЩԼľǲȷģԼ՝װףͲؾ¡
՝μˣӭ
ĳˡȿڣ໥һ۱ͷֿ
֮󣬰ʹȥ⣬ռˡ
Ѿ֪Ļ£Ը޸Ļӵģ
ʹͷЦ֪՝θҪ˵ʲôǼ޸Ļõѡֻϣʱ̫˷՝θܹæ˵û
ܿܣ˴£ܹ˵ûͳɵġֻʧҲˣĻӿıĴ£˱·һ
ʱ֪ʲôֻ֪Ǳѡѣĸ׵ȵãǿԵĻұܹӵĸȥʱҲǽѡ
՝μŮᣬοȻԸģұҲ˵ʲôֻϣܹף´ͳȻ̫ӵģҪúõģ͸ı
⡭Ƭ̵ĳɣ漴˳Ĭ
˼ʱ䲢ãȥ՝һڰ֮УƷ¥¾ơ
Ҳҽȥֻ棬Һòյʱ䣬Ϳ̫ӵ³ȥʱһ
՝λ棿ţ۾鲻š
ص»Դӽȥûгֻǽһ¾ơ
ضʱü՝εȻ֮ǰĺãȴҲܶȾƣŹĵɫǽ֮ǰĵȫǣͽ˰֮С
žƵ՝μǹؽʱ漴͵ǺססڱǱʹǱ
ôôСġȴûоôʱ՝ǱţǿɰĽǰΪǺᡣ
ֱƽϢ՝βȥԷܾ֮ǰҲˣһԷԺбͻ᲻ϵķŴֱܹܵԷĺһ
ҹ֮ȥļ䣬՝εļ
㣬ô՝תŻ⣬ȴ͵طһ⣬ŭӶԷң
Ļôɵ顣
Ҳûаص˼ֱԵֻ՝ƽ
ϴεĴɱ¼С՝λְ⣬ܲסʧȥ՝εʹࡣ
Ҳɫ̫ˣ՝е߾˲٣ϵĹĵģҰȫĺܣ̫ӵһǾͲôȫˡ
՝ڹֹ£صЦŶԷ𽥳ŶԷλùȥ
՝λعʱ˵ľѾʮڶߵʵ՝οɻǵҹ飿
޳֮ͽ
՝׼ƿڴȴҹ龹ǰݡ
Ŵòռеߣ޴ӡ
՝Σ㡣

 33 


՝β֪ԼλصոģֻڴϾûЩȵĻš
շ˴֪՝ξǻžѾƲʹæĸϹһȥͿ՝Щ겻ӣֻԷǺȶ˾ƣھˡ
˶ѾƲǰշ˶ű˽ȥ
ԭ՝͵շˣʱ;ʮַ飬ȥ촽ƺŹصϢһ㡣
շ˼״ֻܵ£æȥĴ򱳲Ǻο࣬Ϊһ˵ʲôأ
ʱ·ϱѾ֪ŭա
՝Ķӣĸ涼䲻ϵģ˵ҪĻˣҲֻǸ˭֪˵ôĻӵġ
ģֻһʱ̰ѡһ㲻ϺֻЩ΢ѡ
շȴǲǿӲ՝νѾƲˣڴͷǵü՝α˯ȥȥ
һߣ՝αۣһ΢̾Ϣ
ԺôԵ£
Լ˵ֻһĻӸȴĲ£ʮױҲ˵˵ѡ
˶ʱüŸ˱;ûһеĵôزס
ԭźձͿԵԭշ˲՝ǰȥ՝κ»ײ̫Ҳ˳շ˵뷨˭֪ƫƫ˷ǵ՝ȥһˡ
˱Ļӣλд՝ε֣ǲȥĻĻӵӣ՝ǲȥȥһˡ
εķ՝ǲ֪ģֻһߵ˵һЩȤ¶ѡ
˵𾢵ʱȴȻֹ՝ξ֣һ̧ͷȴƼĻѾվǰ
أĻҪġ
ɫ࣬
л՝˵ĻӵɫЦЦЩ˵ҲʶȤתȥ
՝εվԭأʵ֪ĻкҪ£
ϲ㡣նĿ˵ţдżֵļʡ
՝һ㶣漴ͷӦмֵĲ죬ĻӻǶģȻĻҲרܵ˵Щ顣
Һֻ꣬ĻӦ֪ġ
Ҳмһ՝ϲĻǲվ˵ˡ
Ҫ՝εĻҲ£̫ӵµ˿Ƕϡ
ûпڣ՝εվֳĽǶȣſڵΪֱʮּǿ϶Ͳı䣬Ȼѡ㣬ȻһӶ㣬ǧҪ
Ҿ՝οԼζüͷһ壬ʲô˼
ԼҪѾһȻӲԼҰģҲҪ̫֮λ՝ε񲻶Ծ
՝βδҪ˵ȥ˼һˣҼ״ʶҪȥץˡ
˭֪ȴ˼ٵĽŲ
ĵҪʲôúȥףƫƫǹµˣ
˻һһԵ˶ɫ
ҰԵ՝һȻͺԼһ⹬ػ՝Ҳ̫ˡ
՝ʮֿյҪתߣʲôˣ
չֳҲҪѯһЩϲöѣ̫՝£ұһҹ˵̧꣬ȥ՝빬ĿŶԷ
՝ʿˮǺ˵
˶ʱһƬĬ֮С
֮زſڵﲻ˵ĵطǡ
أĴޱˣ˵˱ǣٵƬ՝αҪظĸ׾õȡ՝һҪҸطŵЩѿڶ
ز̾ϢһԼȻ̫żˣǱ՝ţ˭̵ס
ðɡ
՝νնŹ£Ϊ֮ǰˣ
՝αԴԹŪͷƤ飬ӲͷƤ¿˵ϴ飿՝λصб˯£ǲ֪ûʲô׵ľٶ
ؿ՝εζ֪ԷڿԵĻرܣҲûмȥ˳⻰½ӵҲûʲôֻ՝κȶϲץסµ֣˵՝õѣպ˱ҪµҰ򡣡
ûУ˵
՝һ𾪣û뵽ؾȻܹе̫ر
˴ţزɵͷǣ漴ʹӴóһ
³ǣרŸ՝δġ
ǵ󣬹ɵڹصģ՝δδֱ֣ܹµǺζʶһ
³ģ˶ûгġ֪՝ε㣬ͼӴ׵˵š
Ȼ՝ûסֱͽ˹ȥָⴥԷģһ̣Ǻ±˿һƫͷһ¡
գ՝θǣȻǣȻҪߵġ
⵹˹أֱ˵ʹһˡ
£ƣǳ硣

034


՝νŲҵĻҴҵշЩ֡
ʵ˴æѲɱҰ׷㲻ɣ
՝δС̵ӣôżʱһ֪ĸڵ٩Լɵʹͷ£ֻǾҹЩˣſһЩҪ֮ǰȾϷ纮
շһǵȥס՝εָܵıͬȷˣСͲãǿ֮ǰȾϷ纮ǻӰ쿼ԡ
՝ε˵ͷû˵ֻշԼָ
۾аĸ׻һ仰˵˵ģŵļƣǽ˵ɺˮˡ
ǿԵĻһжֻһΡ
֮󣬵±ͻָ֮ǰģ
Ȼǲܵ顣
գ՝δһ׶ԽڽɫҶģľߣ˱ͬѿ֦һ㣬ϸֱͦŲ
շ˲ĵСţ՝μֵĻϣ՝ܹ͸һЩʱٲ룬՝λᷢʲô⡣
ǾòȻҪ㻹Сʱ䡣
֪ˡ՝ιɵĵͷȴǲĴţѰһ㡣
Щշ˲ʵǵˣ
Ǿ֣ϾĻӣȻǲ՝ΣǱˣ漴뵽̫ӵ£ȴ־ÿԲ
՝λعæϣδˣֻЩһͬ뿼Եк˰ˣұΪһͬԵġ
˵՝εЩ䣬ʱѾãȴûа¦˵ϢҲ֪Ρ
¦ҵշȻ֪ҧôкθϵȥɣ
һӵˣܹϲ
՝֪ĸвݣҲ˵ʲôֱͳԺŶȥ
ˣдżֺȥ˾̾՝εķɣȴһƤҡ
Ժһأպٴδ򿪡
՝ڵķȽƫƧֻһ촰λãƫƧƫƧĺôһ̧ͷñܹǿ֦ïܵ
Ƕ˼ֵ
ܱʼ飬˵Ժгʳȴ՝αθڣͷЩ⡣
׼ǿԼ˯֮ʱȴڵλôһ̧ͷͿһֽ˳ǽ»ͣڰУסλá
˭
ţҲ̫ѱ˾
ûлش𣬵ȻҲûȥ΢΢ζ
՝ԥƬ̻ǰȥŷ滹һֽ򿪺˲ͷӦ˭漴;ûơ
һ̫ӣȻϸͶ
߰ɣҲҪЩ՝ֻżǱ˷ֵĻ
԰ɣҾߡص촰λôֱʾԼľġ
՝֪ԷƢԣһʲԸĽ򿪿ĳʳ֮󣬲۾һȴȰοΪһ̫ӣЩȥĺãǱ˷ֵĻԵʮֲ
՝ڵңЦſڵ
՝ζʱһ죬ǵͨ죬һ㶼ЩӵģͲٿڽ
侲֮՝βŷֶԷȻûԳƣõңеֽ
֮ͽ¹ϣȥ˳ĹȻܹоɿĽĶȥ
տǧˣ՝æſ˵ţ뵽ʲôҹ˶ûˮҲϰߵģ
һƬž˼՝⻰ʵԣ֮ſӦãҼסˡ
֮ҲûϢ
՝ϸϸĽָøɾ֮ڴϡ
ԭΪԼµĶȹգû뵽ҹרŸͳʳиˣȴ־þᡣ
ѵףԷЩõ
뵽՝ĿⲻһֻƤҶѣǵõ˱ҲûʲôȤ˰ɡ
һֹȥҲͬյʱ䣬՝Ϊ˵ô˱Ͳ˭֪Ÿո£촰졣
ͬʳģһ«װıˮ
ǣĲԼ˼
՝γһһԲĽ꣬Ȼϴ֡
ǳסĹȴǿʼżˡ
՝Σˣ
ҲǾϸ˼֮εõĽۣ՝ǿ϶ǲܵġ
՝εĿڶжޣ֪ģǳԲõĻҪԲˡ
ûС՝һڷ񶨣Ȼڴϣ˾ǲˡ
ˣȴǷҪ˵˺üûеõ֮Щżˡ
՝Σ㿴ҡ
՝ʶ̧ͷͿ촰λ¶صò촰ֻܿԷӵλãӢڴ˿ȴԵЩǱ
˾Ȼģ՝ξԼˡ
ˣ»ǸϽȥɣǱ˷ֵĻҾûˣ⵹˵ļٻǽҹ鱻˴˳ȥ՝οĻûˡ
شҲǾԼƵ̫¶ְЦãϾߣ㣡
՝һʱ߳ŭŭҲõӣ
ȻղŻ촰ˣѾʧѾԤϵƵġ
՝ζʱֻе䣬ԼԼ
ʱһԺűʹ򿪡
՝һűʶĴλÿȥ˻ʮֺ䶯Լǰ
˵ѰһȦûпˣƼԼҵæǰȥ
˭֪һ՝ξͺˣתҪȥȴǱס
՝ҪȥոѲ՝ſԺúõ߻ȥɣЦĿ˵ţΪܹ՝ΣǻһЩġ
՝һ⻰ʱԼûʲôѡֻӲͷƤȥȴŶԷԶλãǽϵıڻƵġ
ؼ״Ҳû˵ʲôֻʻóһʳȻŸչʱӦǶˣշѾո㣬ҲܳЩģЩӰɣ
޳ָʳд򿪣¶ĸ㣬᳹òϣÿһžĻͣɢŵ㣬һڹ՝ζĻ׳档
Ȳ˵ƽܲܵסڵȷǶЩ͸ӵͲס
Ƭ֮ùʳг
Ȼһƿڶʱ򣬿ȴǿտҲͣ¾׽ĶչĹĵĳŹصλÿȥд˿ߡ
ؼԼԤ֮еķӦɽŴ֪ԼҪǸЦĻ՝ζȻֻþòԼ
ȣշ˵ȴã՝θԶˣǾͳԲշ׼ʳʱշ˸öൣǣΪ՝۵ĶԲˡ
՝α˵һ̣Ҳмֵĵֻ÷ʳУϸϸ׽ţϾûˡ
ͣո󣬰ӭȥƿӡ
՝ԴɵĿصλã֪ԷǲҪԼһͬȥ
ȥɡӦдżֵĲᡣ
՝ζʱһ±ֻߵſڵʱǲתȥźŵλøȥһϢǰ
мֵȻʧֻоδ̫ʱ䡣
ΪеͶӭˡ
շǰ՝ΰõվڲԶʱͺۿ߶̫ӣĶˣƼ˺úõĵ˿ˡ
ҵöǰͽ՝αڻУþ֮
՝Ҳշ˸ȾȦˡ
һԵة״ɴЦѣ⻹ڴſڣ޿ȥô죿
շһʱɿ՝ΣֱͳŸȥ
죬Ѿ׼緹Ϊ˵㣬ȻЩˡ
՝β֪Լôˣշ˵ʲôǱʲôһӲ˵ʱ՝βҺõֻ׼˼㣬ȻĻγԵЩ
һʱ䣬ոʱ˻ЦС

 35 


̸Уûһȥѯ՝ζοԵĸܡ
ΪǶʱ՝Ҫɵʱ򣬲ؽԷƵ̫
ҹ˾֮ʱ՝ȴЩ˯ţȻֻж̶ʱ䣬ȴѾϰһûа취˯ţһֱڵȴű˵ĵ
՝ΰԼͺǱЩĸһոֲǳԲЩġ
՝˵ոȷֵģֻܹҪЩʱģƫƫѾһĸˣڵ
˯ɣ˯ɡ
˯˾Ͳˡ
՝иԼ۾ҪԼϽ˯š
ûаֵʱҲ֪Լ۾ãֻǾԺʱ͵˵ĽŲʱ˶˲٣ȴҲû
ʱܹҵˣ˰һ밢ǾֻǸˡ
ΪʲôҪֳ۰Ͱʹȥӡ
һ룬՝ǿʼװתԼһ𣬲ԸȥԷ
΢ĽŲһֱĴǰԷĺᣬЩ׽ҲΪԭ՝ξֱס˺ֱ̲סʱСĺһ
˯ˣſڣͺԴƵġ
՝εָ߬סӣôô֣ǵڱ˵Ĵͷ˵Ļ˾ò˼ǣһ̫ӾȻϲҹܵ˵ļȥ
˯ˡֹһᣬһο˵ţֻһεһЩ
՝ɼװԼû˯ú졣
ʼЩ֪ԷҪʲôȻȴȴֻĺѡ
˵ʲôģѲɾֻ˯
՝οҪ̲סʱһֱȵָĶͷϣһһ
ָᣬҲΪԷסԭ򣬵ڶͷλһ»ڱһü۵λãһҪЩмһ
՝ΰҧʱԼҪѹĻ涨Ȼ᲻ܿƣֻš
˭֪ԷȴԽĹ֣ü֮󣬱Ǳǵλá
ԭΪҲ֮ǰһ˭ָ֪ȻǲҪ뿪ĥš
՝ûסĽëһҲ̲סۣһҧסԷָЩġ
˲Ͷһ˫Ц˫ۣԭԷѾ֪Լû˯ţ
Ҫſŭ⣬ȴԼҧŶԷָæɿҪȴһζԷȴǲԸˣָǵû뿪ǰһְֻס՝εļ
ʲô
՝εɴ˫ۣϹ˫мֻɬӣвЩ¡
ΪشûԴ
Ϊµɫ̫ԣط΢̾Ϣ漴ֱӣָ˻ϸϸĲţָģʮ棬՝һʱ֮䲻֪˵Щʲô
ڵ𣿡ͻȻؿѯʣżֵΣһʼҲֻʱ˭֪՝ξȻĻû˯š
һ仰κˣ՝ζʱЩң֮ǰԻԵʮСױƷ
ڵȵĻڵȴŹصĵ
ûУֻЩ˯Ŷѡ՝ʮֿ϶ĵͷով˴󿼣˯ѵǺ𣿡
Ǳɸ˵˵ͷȴǹһĨЦ⣬˽՝ΣԲ׶Է˵ѣûҪȥҴ˼
ԣ՝εһδ󿼣ýҲȻģұרŸ՝δһЩóԵġתóһʳС
Ѿһ·՝ΣѾʳڴֵûôˣô󣬿ֻһҲ˵
һģ
뵽֮ǰʱ򣬲Цֽʳд򿪣漴͵֮ǰǺԵ̫࣬ʱûа취շ׼ĲȶѣҲܶԣȻĻ˯ŵġ
՝οʳһı򿪣㡣
۾ʱЩƲȷĿʵȷЩǸҵģ
˭أԴ՝֮ǵЦݾҲûеǿŶԷѾĸо
՝αеӰ쵽ЩȥԷʹͷֱȥʳУֻĵģȴû֮ǰ
Լ˶ǻҵģͻȻѯʲôѿڶ˵֡
ҺùѾϰֻͣҪ՝θˣԼѾԿġ
һеĳ՝ʳ֮ζֻҪĽѡ
һʳ՝αͼеĿڵҳԲˣЩٳ԰ɣ
֮ԼҪˡ
Ȼ׵ģȴǲȥܿͶһ̽һСӵˮһ豭ȻϴĶ

ԷԼ՝һ㶣漴æǰȥ¶ԷԶΪЩ顣
ñ֪Ļô죡
՝εļУر͵ȫûпֻѾ̧֮˹ȥҴűӣϢ⼸ȲҪˡ
՝Щ⻰˼ȴҲûſѯʣ¶ԷͻȻı⣬ˡ
ؽùӺͲ豭һͬ棬漴ʹŵʱ՝βȷԷǵĵȷȷ뿪ˣһ
ԼΪ˵ȥ뽥՝ΰΧУŲյʱѾ˯˹ȥ
֪ǣԭѾ뿪ˣȻֻصĴߣȥڶͷӡһǳǡ
՝ΣҿȲˡ
գ՝ʱѾȽˣһʮʱշȴûȥ՝Ρ
ϾԺôʱ䣬Ҳ՝ô
՝Ȼ֮󣬲ȥϢ՝Ժ
՝ΰһײշ˵ӣͻȻЩ̫һĵط
ЩЩǶԷѯ̫֮Ĺϵ
˵ǣշ˲û̫ӵ˼˵һҲ㹻՝ξͷۡ
ζѾˣѾμӹ󿼣㸸ţܹ㶨׵ĻҲǺõġ⻰շʵѾ˵ֻǺ»Ӱ쵽՝εĿԶѡ
һף՝αͻһ֪ôģշû̫ӣԼ뵽̫ӡ
Ϣ̫֪ĻҲ֪ʲôĳ
δȡ֣ʱǲһЩܱģ՝ҲδȢ޵飬ʱȢ޵Ļǵ˼ңڴδֺϵĻǾͲǵ󣬶Ǻ˼ҡ
շȴǲ֪еĵǣֻһС£ȻˣǾȡ֣Щʱ㸸ҸΪȡֱǣҿ㵽ʱʲôɡ
՝εЦôõʱһ̫Ǳ߶Ȼ֪ԸҲ֪ô£϶˶ԷȢ޵ġ
ֱ֮

 36 


󿼹󣬱ǳĵȴµʱѰġ
֮ʱշ˱ͽԼ뷨үϣܹõһ˳ƼȻû뵽ǣүȴǿˡ
՝һȻţʶĴǿȥʱĺҪ֪ո浽ж̫ӵģٶȱеҪٵĶࡣ
ô՝ҲͣȡҲʮ飬ιɫշ˼״ЩԼֲ˵ʲôƵ飬Ǽ՝λڵĻ̬ȻٶһЩ
үп˵ӦѰǲеġ
ΪβУһ仰ʱշŭȳ̫˽ԼɷбȻǷʲô顣
Ϊ֮һˣñȡֵĻǲǺ˱𣿡ү̾Ϣһ漴ͽϵǰ˵˳³֮ͬһͬúõĳԲ裬˭֪Ȼᱻ̫ӽȥű˵՝ε顣
Ȼ֪̫Ӷ՝εӣȴû뵽ȻֶҪ֡
ʱү՝εĿЩԹϲӵȨҲûУο̫ӱԺӣҪʲôܵõ՝Ҳ׾ٵ顣
՝αԼҸ׿ͷƤ飬ǲҳֻǳŶϸϸ׽ţ뷢κ
ôշΪ˱үԲʱ֮ȴͻȻҧУ՝ζȻҪ볯ΪٵģҾͲ̫ӻܹ޷첻ɣ
˵ͳ՝ȥĸȻѹĸʵеǵĺܣɷ֪ĸ״ʱĸоΣɷܹУ
՝̾ϢһԼҸĸȻܻ䶼֪˵̸ܿͻᴫ̫ȥ՝εշһ£ȻҪ볯Ϊٵġ
ĸ׵Ļпɡ
՝δСͱȽǫãܹ˵пɶ֣Ѿɹһˡ
շ˶ʱ࣬˵֡
ֻһԵүһü۵ӣûм̫ӵɫҲͰˣһҲöԷֻưոݵˡ
ֻŴ˳
ȡֵȻǲ֮ϾշôҲȥߴ١
՝γŵģľǸ̫ӣҲǡ˳՝ε⣬ŵĻͲײȻҲͲб鷢
ȻƻԶǸϲϱ仯
ȻԼһҪȴ͵͵ĽеŽ՝Ρ
՝νӹţһӦǹдģһ֪֮ǣ˵ּرġ
̶̵ļ֣Լ˵˶ԷĴ
՝ζʱһţæŰȥ׼ȥӦһˡ
ʱԽ㣬ѵӣӿ˷˵Ļˣ
ȥȥҪĸ׵ĻҪҵĻ՝ζʱһŭĺǳŶԷ
ҲҶ˵ʲôֻǳȥҪεĽϢݳȥ
՝μһͼ͵ȥϵĴߴٶҪٿһЩ
ӦŵʱҲŻһʱѡ
՝³ǰո՝
һոҲæͽͨϢȵʱȴǱġ
ļ՝ˣʱۿչˣСڻҲ˵Ǻð
՝һǲѣ֪Ϊصıĸףȴû뵽Ȼܹأȥƣ׼һЩʳһͬ͹ȥ
æӦţµĶԽĿ
һ·ϵĵûײʲôˣȿ쵽޷֮ʱ՝ŲмֵĲˣΪһУȻǲܾ޷ġ
ȥ֪С㣬ǰ棬ȻٽϼŮһͬǰ
ŲԼôçײɫʱһƬҰףŲЩ鸡ĳ޷ȥ
՝ǸԼľ鳯λöȥ·Ů֮󣬱ͼ򵥵˵⣬˴·ǰȥ
豭Ÿոвã՝αĶҪȴƼһԵŮֻãȴĽš
˲ǱƽĴһЩأͷҲ˼ֵĸУҲ֪ǲöûнʳԭɫԵøĲ԰ס
՝ˣʱۿȴҲûǹء
՝˸Ӧλϡ
òԽ緢ˡĬƬ֮ſ˵ţһѾ֮Ĺϵ
՝εҲûйĨǣֱԵȴôãʲô£ĻڳΪйܵ˼νӦ˲ǡ
һ⻰ʶŴΪĻǰȥ˵ʱ۸ȥ
˭뵽ԼһҲʵʵĲ£ƫƫû뵽ﻹ
ڣ՝α֪ڣĸòãҲǻȥˣģĸƼˣνͣ
՝λ䣬Ǳ߱Ͷųʳˣĳ՝ελȥ֪ǶԷ⣬ʱ£ܿͱȥ
ҲΪ֪ԷģҲûоܾһĳ
՝μ״һʱ䣬Լٶ׼ˣȻѾӦȻҪȥӦģֻǲ֪֪ʱֻô롣
Ȼ³ͻȻ⴫󣬵һʱǶ豭
ķӦȴǸΪңæʳһԣЩ֪ĳſڵλöȥ
ҵĺɩɩô޵ţʲôͰ⴫˻ûнѾһԼȨơ
՝ɾЩϤ
Ȼδ뵽ԷݣԷѾһ¶Ρ
һĹװͷϵķ·ζ˵һʢװ磬ȴһϸıӣű;мֵˡ
՝ڿԷݵһ̾ͿʼˣȻѾúõĸ׵ĻΪʲô벻ķҪھײɷǡ
ҲƼǱӣʱæǰȥ
Ȼһǰȴȫûʲôֿԡ
՝μвԸȴǲòȫ̶ʹͷȥȥԷҲҪԷԼ
Ȼ֪ǣЩǺĺܣԽƲԽҪƼɡ
ǰ׿Խһµӳ¶ָȴҲԵð޳ж˼ֵĺ鷳˭֪Ȼ֪ͣʱ;Լҵһᣬı͸˹
ȻǺԼеһһ˵ȾĻǱȾ
՝ΣѯţͻȻ˶Է˭ǰյʱĸŸոᵽ֣˵ǱȽϺʵѡֻϧ̫Ǳߵˣֱӱ߳ˣû뵽ھȻ
՝βҲӦȴɻûҪ̧ͷ˼
ЩΪβ̧ͷѲɱòǳ㲻ҿ𣿡
ԣɣ
՝ʶӦʵòͳªմϱߣ˵òȻ՝εȴޱȵĳªܹ治ɫһŮȥע⹫ϲˡ
ȻǣֻǺ»ᾪ˹
£̧ͷһ⻰мֵɬ˿˵ķʽôͱ˶̫һ
՝޿κΣֻӲͷƤ̧ͷŹݿȥǺͼ޼ݣû̫ĸı䡣
Ȼڹԣһ̾ǾֹһԼûп˿ˣͱ˶ǽȻͬģòֻѣǻʡ
ֻҪһۣѾȫܹȷԼҪ˾
ûж՝ζʱһţһֶһûоԼջһŮӵⷬҪҪ̬
ĹʱѾˡ՝θ˵ҪȥǰݷүŹ񣬶ʱ뵽˵ʱ׵ԼвһţǶŹʮֵ˽⣬Ķ՝뷨ĻȻǲֶζҪõġ
Ĺ䲻՝θ磬՝θӦһˡ
硭̫ӵ¡
ЩԼϣ뵽՝Ҫ飬ˣȻˣҾͺһͬǰȥʱûм磬Ҵȥɣ
՝ûſڣֻվһԵʹͷѡ
ûκξܾȨ
ʮȳȥȻվԭصȴ՝εĵԼԽԽʮֵĸԼҪ󣬵ȵع֮Ҫĸ׽Լ޸՝Σ
Ļӵʱ򣬶Է˵՝ȥмֵĲˣйһߣȴûа취ֻǵ՝Ѿ뿪֮ſڵ՝βʡ
һ۾ͿԼõ뷨ǱҲˣ՝βС
ΪʲôʣʱſŭѾǱܾζʲôˡ
һ˲乬ұ뵽գʱʮŵĶ¶Цݣҧǲʣˣ
ܣҾϲ㲻ԸңҾȥĸæŭһ漴תȥ·һ̶Ȳˡ
Ҽ뿪ɾۡ
ƺѾԤϵ˾εԼˡ

 37 


՝λصб;ѾˣҲûл䣬뵽˰Ĺأ֪˵Ļôأ
ʼǰʱ⣬ƺԼ̫֮Ҳûʲôı֡
һʲô飬Ȼǵˡ
՝׼ð͵ʳԼѹѹ˭֪Ȼշˡ
ֻԷڵĳվ՝εǰɫ
՝εҲûмԼĸ飬żֵĲӦæʵĸôˣ
ôˣǸոմӦл
՝ЩԾȻ֪̫ʱ䣬ȴҲû뵽Ȼô죬ǡ
һ՝ֱӦ£շ˶ʱʹļףɵӵǲԼһߵģѲѾʼ׼̫Ӳɣ
ͻ뷨˲̣ҲҲǲܵ顣
՝ΣʵôͻȻ뵽ȥӦʲô£
՝ͻȻԷǵɫЩԴɵӦҲҲ֪ʲô£ֻûмãпձȥˡ
ᵽշԼȻҲ՝κıʵ̫ƽ׵֮ûʲôϵԡ
ǰЩӲ㲻Ҫŵղк뿪ⲻҪΪż´οǧҪˡշ̾Ϣһȥ՝ε޷ĺӣȻΪҪġ
՝μշ˵ɫæӦȻǻĸױġ
շ֮՝οʼշ˷ŵɫͻȻʲôطǲԾġ
ֻǻûеףѾѰˡ
߽ʱ򣬱ü՝Ŵһ˼ģʵ̫棬ûע⵽ԼѾվһˡ
ǹؼ˿ʼüŹⷢһ˾ѡ
̫ӵ£՝ζʱܵȵæĶԼϣ̧ͷȥԷɫ
ף֪ɵ飬רˡ
ؼ״ЩԼƽǲ̫࣬ȻŵöԷ̧ͷԼ

ȥסԷ󣬴żǿӲĽһԵ£Ѿˣ㿴Ƚ顣
՝εϸƽƼ˫űдֵʱ򣬱ͻ̲סȥ룬εĸо糥Ը
ϣҲûаҪɿ˼סָϸϸţǵõһ⣬֡
՝ﱻԴʱյḶ́һӦȻĴȥûڣ˵ģᱻ˿ȥ
£ɿɣ
ҪջԼ֣ȻȻǲ⣬ڹ˵㲻ʲôģֻڿָϿʼº۵ʱ򣬲ſڰûµģѾðſŵġ
՝һ𾪣ͽ
ҧͲǱܲܿ⣡ΪʲôԷҲĸڡ
Цϲ՝αŭӣų̲סá
Һ㣬ҶѾʱûпˣο֪췢ʲô飿˵صɫ΢΢˱仯
՝ͷƤһʱ뵽ôֻǼװ֪Ƶſڵֻȥ˼ӦˣѲ̫ӵ»ΪռһͶӦɣ
̾Ϣһϲľ՝ģǴҲˣҪ˵ĶȻ
՝ΣҲ˼ֻȷ鷳ɻǵε̾ϢԼŵȻֻš
՝ζʱҧȻȴһʵδйʲôԹôǵˣ
ؼ՝һģûסָǵ՝Ҫȥֱס
ˣֻ޸㣬ǲ޸ĻҪɱҲΪʲôͷ۵ԭ򣬼֪ǶȻ췴ȴڣȻûа취ȴʮ鷳
՝𾪣֮ǰȻ֪ģȴ֪Ȼˣüһ
ǣΪǹԲŻ޼ɵ՝ΣһضɣһֿĿڵΪԭ򣬻бĿġ
ѾȲ֮ûйĻܻܹһЩʱ䣬ȴǲˣҪõһ՝γκε⡣
՝û뵽ػ˵ĻģĹϵһ飬ʵ£ʲôϵ
Ÿոմ꣬ض˶֪̫ӵ볯Ϊ١
һ՝εɫ֪Էˣæͣ՝ΣҲǸ˼ֻҪ֤İȫѣȴ̫ʱ䣬£֮ڶȻܹġ
£ҲȥΪʲôȥ
՝Σо՝εڲϵضʱˣ՝Σ㣬֮Ĺϵ
֪ʲôҲҵĻȷЩ˽ҿ㱣֤㲻Ϊ볯ΪǱȻģ㣬塣
՝εʹӣҲĵȷȷԷǲֻҪѣ⻰ûидǼٵģסȴǲܵģռҵϡ
ĸĸײΪռҵѡ
ŻôȻȻѡ뿪˼䣬ռ
˾þòش𣬹ѡЭȻΪ՝κãȻҪ՝ԼԸſԣȻĻ빬Ҳû𣬡Ȼ՝βԸ⣬ǱͲȥֻҪűǡ
՝͵̧ͷģû뵽ԷЭô졣
ġ՝εָ⣬ʵ՝أ՝ûһϲң
дżСڴȫûƽǸɫ՝ҪתߣȴԼȻЩƲסԼֻܱȿӡ
՝δӶԷпԼģңȴûκεйһѡЭϲ
᲻ŵ֣ȴùųЦݣĵõûе㡣
Ҳϲ՝Ρֱִ󵨣Լİ⡣
՝α̵٣֪ԼϲͶԷԵô΢ܾĸһضûа취һ뾹ȻЩѹ
ûϲԼҲǰȴ՝οԽܵİ
ˣ룬һ˱ģе鶼ҵĴС
՝ε˵ͷʱͲ֪νжôȫ棬ڵĸĸһԼͻأȴǲ֪ԷͲĸԵĻᡣ

38


µʱ䣬ܹʵ̫ࡣ
ԲȣΪܹԼ޸՝ΣֵüֱӸ˽֪
ʳǽµϰն֪װףʼҵҲס
ʱĹɫҲǺÿȥǰˣ漴һ˹ȥߵûõĶ
ߵ˲ǱˣҲ֪Լ˴󣬲̧ͷֻǹڵһԲ
صû뵽ԷѾܹûƤûĵزȥĻ՝αȻҪӭȢԲ顣
ȥ߹׼װɡ̾Ϣһû뵽ôͽƳȻѾزòȡİ취
ʱɫһ䣬ΪصĸȻ֪Է仰˼æˣ߹Ĺѡ
˶ռ֮ʱһشϢ˳
̫飬¦Ϊλ̫ӵ߹
һϢʱ˶ȴռ飬ȫȻ¦档
֪¦ǽţӿһֱǳվ´Ȩһ̫ӵĿȻʮԣǱµ̬ȣȻֱͬˡ
ǿɲվ̫ߵ
Һܿͱĸټ붼֪Ϊ¦ҵĻ£вмֵĲͷ
֮ǰʵ۵̬ȱȽʱʢĻܹһȴǽȻ෴ΪĳѾ׵֪ԼûκεĻᡣ
ҪӲֻ·һ
ȻǷˣĸŲô׷ˡ
ңѵô׵ķɣԭģŹɫ̫һʮ̣Ϊλڶ̶֮֮ڷ˴ı仯ʼδǱµ̬ȡ
ѾźˣΪλͻȻ֮ԣ϶Ǹ˱Լ
εȰĸˣǰֵַĻҲһٻֺαطǵأ
ƣ¹˭ֲδ֪㶨ȻҪʵۣҶȻ̫ûϵģǲԸĻĸһѡŹҧ˵ţûнҵĻȥ
һʼûǸŮˣĶӱȻҪӮĶӵġ
˵һμ濪ʼѾע˻Ľ֡
ҰԵǣȴҲҶ̼Էֻѡ˳Ĭ漴ͳ˵⣬Լĸһ
ܲԼһ·οڲǴǰѾһˡ
ȻʲôС£չ涨Ҫ úõѰӲǣ˭֪һ˶ʱĿࡣ
ֻѾ¡
ոΪż˭֪Ǵ߹Ļ¡
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ĸ˵ǣֻ˳֡՝ʵ˲Ͳ³̫Ӳ֣²֪һ˵ȻǺ£Ƕ̫Ӷȴǲ
һֱڰͻȻֻ˵Щ⧲
շһʱˣͲֵĲζãûпȥʣʲôĻһ˼˵ڣûʸʡ
ֻ՝ԺҪεĹá
鵹˱˼՝εܹȷĻҲ檡
˭֪뷨֪՝κ󣬵һʱ⵽˷ԡ
՝ε̬ʮǿӲȫûлء
շ˿ˣͷǸǱ˵ӣѾûлˣѲ㻹Ϊ񲻳ɣ
ĸף՝ûС՝β֪νԼĵ˵ڣֻҪ˶׵ĶôȻٶ֡
ûУһûУշһתȥ 
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ֻû뵽˽ԵԼȥ
еŷ⣬ޱȵ֡
ȥǲȥա
՝еǣſȻȥһ㣬ȻһЩ̫ӵڵĻǲġ
˻һӭ՝ɵĿ⡣
㲻ӦոӦȥǡ
æģˡ֪ˡ
՝βֻ˵ģߵ˱̫ӴкҲ֮УҪȻĻǸôÿһζôĴɡ
՝β˵ΪԼûϷˣ˭֪һȴ՝˵ԼǰȥȻǲеģԻõѰҲǣɻܹͣĸ׵˼
ʵһٶõİ취
һ֪՝ǴӦˣæͷͳȥ֪ͨ
՝μ״ɾúЦһǰ㶼ûε˼ˡ
ǱߵϢ׼֮ǰ՝סĵطúõĴɨһ飬Ըǰȥոˡ
ԭշ˾Щɣ̫ӾȻǰˣʱԽĿ϶롣
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՝ǻ鷳ʱ߹ĻҪ۵¡Ѱ˼ţȻǲԸ՝뿪ġ
Դϴô֮󣬱ûҪԼĿĵ˼շ˵ż̽Ŀȥֱ̹š
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ʱ՝Ըշ˿ѯ՝ΣֻҪ՝ξÿģҪʲôҶԸͺǻԼֱӣؽӶĿڳˡ
շ˼ƽϢԼŭ⣬ȴûסĽ͵Ļϡ
һʱյ͡
ŷӦԼȻ̫ӽаֵĻ̿֡
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صҲֶ⣬ϾɴûǿӲֶεõ՝Ρ
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՝οҪСˡصôߵſЦ漴СĽ՝θ
֪ԼǱ՝Σ˺ƤĹأûסִһ¶Էֱۣ漴ԼһϣһͲ˵ģ
ôû뵽ĿĲεʱ̫ӾǱһƵġ
ȻڻᣬȴգǿʼԼǰĶǼٵ̫ӡ

039


՝סʲôĿŵ顣
һ̤Ժʱ՝ξȻؾԼǱң͵͵Ĳүͼñˡ
뷨ڿһЦĸԼʱԵøԡ
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ȴõǷˣ՝εɫżֵЦ⡣
՝αЦЩĪűҪġ
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Ȼһ՝ȴǺ⣬ǾЩʲôһ
՝βˣĦӿǾζԣ
՝ζʱඥ˵ôԾȫζԡ
ǻˣĻôζͬ
֪ĻİֻǳĬţûſڻشǵµ飬Ȼǲ˵ֻǹԼС
ʱ֣߹֪՝ǰʧ˸߲ҵıȥˡ
՝뿪ѾؽһѾ՝οԼߵˣûʲôɻ䡣
˻ˣǸˡ
՝ΣμӱĶ𣿡֪ԼĻܵ˵ĿҪȴԼ֮˵ףŻÿġ
՝ε˵ͷЦ՝Ȼȥ
ʱ򱾹һҪ㣬˵ҲûʲôѣΨһֵһ˵ȴǼ޸ǸˣҪȥѰ˶㣬Һûˣҷ۸ġ
ȻҲֳ֪飬՝εвɶ˼ֵͬ飬˭ϲãǵǹŮ˼ֱһӡ
՝ĻʱЩΣȻ޵߹֪£϶Ѿˡ
Ժǻֱӱıǩ
ǲΣӭȢǲܵ顣
Щ䣬֪Լ˵˻׼˵ģͱߵһ䡣
ʱЩͷ̧ͷ˭֪ǿվſڵĹأʱʲôɢˣæͿʼ𣬡՝ΣҿյʱҲˣұˡ
˵꣬Ҳ՝εķӦԼȹ뿪ҲҶȥصɫ
՝Ϊιܵô죬˭֪һתͿ˹أʱתȥ
ǸʶʱģĬı뿪
ڶʱֻʣˡ
ǵĲθڣţһĿ
Цӯӯģֱӱʹյ՝εǰ
՝αҪӲһ㣬˭֪ǶôһЦʱʲôûˣֻǻǿŲȥѡ
ؼ˲ԼҲûзֱıͳܿﲻԾ՝ϲʳϲһģһ㶫еı㶼ǵζ
һֱԵ壬ͻȻ嵭ܹǲϰߵġ
ô՝μıԣʱЩˣȻЩϲģǱϾģòӦñ˷ʳ
՝βǲϲ𣿼ȻǾΪˡȴǸ՝οڣ⻰˼ûе̫ӣʳĶҲͿһЩ
՝μػҪһֱԣʱǰȥ
ԣҵģ
Ķ̫죬ֻеģԼӦʱ˶ĹؼָڱغڿеĵϣһܹӴȵĴ
˵ľ룬՝ζʱҪջָȴһס
՝αȵ̵Ļһ˵Щ£㣬ʲô
ŵĵֱƿŲĴ𽥿ζɢ
롭
ݱζ
՝ŵĵһĵĶʱ϶ǣȴû˼ȥЩ
۸β՝οʼˣͲӦһԼϤ˵ĵ¡
ڶ՝ԵôһЩǰȥ߹޵ȫû֮ǰļɻ䡣
ǲҲˡ
ʵǲ¶ˣ칬صȷûȥ˼ΪȥʱͿѾ˶׼ãЦĵȥ
һֱ졣
׼ҲȥЩʲô˭֪ײ˴󳳴֡
ֵ˲Ǳˣڶܵ
ȻҲû뵽՝λͻȻ֣ʱԼղ⺷ӣһɬĿ՝ΣС˹ȥ
՝Σ֪Ҳؾʲô㣬Ȼˣ֮飬ȻǲӰġ
ԹԵ˵ŻҪȥ՝ε֡
՝δδ˴󵨵Ůӣæͳһλöܣ˭֪ûаҪ˼̧űͳ՝׷ȥ
ǵ՝Ǻ죬ȻѾ֪վǰĿǴֹеŮˡ
՝Σҵģ
㿪Ĺʱŭˣ՝αʹһ
՝ȴǱ仰̼ˣ͵ػĿŹһһ浱ﶼ֮Ҹ㣬ǲҲ֪ҶȻǣǲȢġ
һεıܾŭ壬ΪʲôΪҪվ̫Ǳ߲ɣ
՝Щ֪⣬ȴ˳ˮۣԣҾҪվڵߡ
˵֮ž⻰ԵЩֻ֣ǻδ񣬱ͼе˴󲽳Ƕѡ
ѾڲԶλá
ô
Ӧ՝κ޲תˣڲԼסﲻй񣬻бĹڣֻӲͷƤվԭأŶԷȵߡ
Ҳû뵽ԼȻлĻԭŭ˲Ϩ
Ź·û֮ǰôᡣ
أ㾹Ȼ՝͵͵ڶ֪ǲ첻µأΪ՝αͲطСʱôˡ
ûĸˣȻ۸ͷϣ֮ǰ۸Ǹų֣ھȻҪǿ՝Ρ
̾һ治֪ǸŮ˵ŮΪʲôôȻĵ̴󳳴֣ȫûнС
˰ȥ˳뼸֣ŹŮҪǽ̲õĻͻ̣ǧҪ͵ȻĹ²ܱ֤ȥʱġ
вĻʱŭֻûа취أŵȫͲҶֻ֣Щ˼ΪֱĻ̌˳ȥ
ҲûκηſڱͺС
أ̫ãܿѱ՝ζȻҵģ՝λҵģ
룡صɫЩѿʲôѱȴò՝Ρ
՝ġ
ǰȥ՝ε֣՝εһӦѣĴ˿ȥ
رܾʱЩʧ䡣
˭֪һ̾՝ε£ﵽˣҪǴȥô죡

040


ﶼǹµˡվǰ˵š
ܵæʹͷҶ࿴һۡ
՝Щ˵ķӦͷӦû뵽ضԼ˼ڶ֮УȻѾ˽֪
һʱ֮侹ǲ֪ǹﻹŭ
ؼɫȥɾÿɰһȥ˱ͳԼ޵ȥ
՝һʼҪڰ·Ļǻ˿ЦһԲĸ
һĿЩ˵ķӦ
Ȼͺеһȫ֪
՝ΣģҲȢġһ˵һ߽Ĵʳó׼ʳȥ՝Σû뵽˾Ȼ
Ļһľºÿ՝ιǿŶζϻӦ˵Цǵ˵ȢͲȢģʱ՝ԼԸȥȢأ
һ仰ʱմɢ
صɫЩѿ̧ͷ՝Σ֮дĨıˡ
՝α񿴵Ī漴ͷӦùǾԼҪӭȢеģʱЩ˵ζеĸо
Ȼȴͬ՝룬֪՝ӣıԼδܾ՝ε
՝ΣҪ뿪Һòáţȴһеֽ՝ӵ뻳УܵԷ֮ŻüֵĹС
ͻȻס՝α;ûţڸˣܹԼڶ𣬵ǽһ˵ĻҪ
ԣҲͬԼһ
՝εֵãԼϲ˵£ֺϲ
ǣĿͬѰһ
ؽŶԷڿԼͲ֪Լе՝Ѿ˼ǧ
ȵԼȶ֮󣬹ر͵ЦŽɿ̧ȥķ՝εǰ˵ЩĿ϶ζ쳢ɣ
ЩǰòŸոõģȻĲȡ
عŵģûзӦ
ڹȴһ˼һķ՝εͣš
Ϣߣ՝ʶʪȥζڿǻɢ˲ſ˿ڣµıͽһĶ˽ȥ
ؾʮ㣬՝ҪԼԶֹһ㽫՝θι
ķΧ՝θܲ㾿ʲôζֻ֪һζʣԲºͱĴʳ
ҹ՝˯üΪο黹ǱһӰ죬һӵʱǿĿǰĹЦһߣô벻ͨԷЩʲô
缫Ϊļ򵥣鷽Ҳˣǲ໥ĽҲҪŵԣ໥Ը
ϲǲϲαҪǿеõ
՝Ѿ֮ˣ̧֡
ϲ˭ϲѾˣҪ޸ҲѾɱˣ՝Ѿûбѡˡ
՝ξԼһԹߣķչܿͷ֣еһƫģƺûж˵ôĻ
ʼԼǲǼǴ˵ʱֻξе՝ŭһ˵ϲ˸ͻûгףŰɣܿͻҵġ

՝ѾʮȷԼˣǲ֪ԼôμֳĲС
һ⻰ʱ¶ί漴ʮߵָ՝ξǴ𣬡Ҿ֪УǸ˲ҪһֵλھȻҵҪǿ
՝ˣɶλ
ξеġ՝ΡŭĵŹ񣬼æ⣬ҪǱµģôһ죬Ҳע̫ӵģôܻĻӵġ
ԣĸģҽҪȢҲɣ˵ͻȻ¶⣬ͻȻ֮͸⣬Ҫ͡՝Ρȥֱӳ՝α˹ȥ
՝Ρһʱ죬ֱӱͱ˵Ĵϡ
齣
՝ûסšԼĴȣû뵽ԼȻμһǷˡ
ѹŵġ՝Ρĺǳ⣬֫ҲƴһѱǿƵŮģԹǲϵ˵ŷɵ̨ʣ˿ûʲôʵԵĽչ
՝ξԼξйȤζʱϤȴ͵ը
һϤ洳˽
һ£ŵıǵʱ½ס·
ڸʲôءԵøķŭıǰȥֱһֱֻͰѹڡ՝ΡϵĹһѽ՝Ρ뻳С
һСĺŻˡ
ȥȻǲĵģֻǻûпھѾΪʧ
һǷˡ
՝ƴŤԼϵ⣬ҪԼѹεȥתߣ󶼻ڶϡ
ʱġ՝Ρ롮̫ӵ¡˽ӵһ漴̫ӵ¡ȥס՝Ρ°ͣ՝Σֻҵˣ˭ܴҵǰߡ
ֱǿƵġ՝Ρһȴ¶ԴɬЦݣֹĿš̫ӵ¡
˵ľ֮ԽԽڽһ໥ŶԷϢ
ѹ
ѹ
һȻ՝ھԼ˶ѾˣһֱԼ̫ӵܣǿʼһ룬Ѿڵϣű󿴼ʱֱһµĺ֮󣬸Ųĺ
ӣӿجˣ͸˽˭֪ǿ՝һ͵Ŀǰλã糺ȾϷ纮Ƶġ
՝˲ǻǿ˿ȻܣȷԼѾصʵ֮󣬱͵³һ
û£ȥõˮ
֣Ǽ՝ѾѵҲûжʣֻǳŵʱǽ֪ˣȻԸȥ׼ˮ՝˽ȥ
ˮ՝Ѿ׵侲Լ֮ǰμһУ߷쳣
û뵽ȻΣǰȫûеġ
ոջʱҲμԼʱĳʱĹȥѾɢμˣֻȴԯޣȫʹűߡ
ĳ
̫֪ˣ
՝ŭ߳һԼ漴ڴϣһȴǲζ˯žˡ
һ۾ͻ뵽еĳԼ̫ӵµĻô˳ӣġ
ֱҪʱ՝βû֧סı˫ۣһµʲôζûˡ
˯ȥ֮󣬵˲ŵĽȥ՝αϵ˫ۣûסȥڿҪӴʱͣ¡
Ϊ֪˷ȥû˯ţòײű۾ȥŶԷ
ҪԷξȴɿƵġ
չֻ̾Ϣһ՝εߡ
һһֱġ

041


՝λ۾µΪȥ⡣
ոѵЩãȻ֪ʲôʱϢƬ֮ų溰һ
Ͷˮǰ
̫ӵ֮ǰѾԸǧ߶ŵӵ˯ߣԴ̫һͼĽסˡ
՝ȴǲ֪ҹѾڵϴ
омʱѯʱ
ʵĽʱ˵˳
һʱ՝ζʱʧɫû뵽ԼȻ˯ôʱ䣬ѹ־ǻ˼
տǼƻҪ߹дֵģæŰ߹Ѿˣ
δ
՝α;ˣ߹ƢԣԼûǰȥȻǻ𴳽еϢûС
ǿѰң՝õǼ򵥣ȻûȻġ
ȴΪ՝Ѿµҹ̫ӵµĵæ£ҹ̫ӵޱˡ
͵̫ӵĸ֣՝˲;չ쳣һѻ˲佫ȼһŤĺܡ
ʲô˵ţȫһʶΪ
ûз֪ԼˣСѯʵӿҪţ
Ϊ՝εĿ⣬һк
՝λشѾ֪˴𰸣ͳȥ
՝ξЩˣſںһûӦ̨֮λȥ˵ûǰȥԼԱҲӦõġ
ֻǰȥΪĥī֮ˡ
՝εģԼ̧ڱϸϸĥ
ҹμĳһγԺȴһ՝ȴû֮ǰĻң侲Ŀʼ˼
ΪԼȻμĳӱȻǲܽġ
ֻԼϲ̫ӵ£ŮӶܱ֤Լɷһʼգ˵ˡ
ӣˡ
՝͵ɿеıʣһͷͿʵֽŴļ㡣
՝ξͬһȾˡ
±ʣûס̾Ϣһ˳Ȼɣ
֮ǰصľ棬Ȼǲ׵ش붫ȴ˵ʲôû˵
һҹ֮Ƕ˺ܶණȻ뵽ŹһЩĿ֮У֪Ҳ˵ʱоͶС˼
Ҫ췹՝βȢȢ
Ͳ֪ʲôĸԸֻ֪ԼҪľͱõֲС
ԶԶûƼ߽՝׼תȥһλãȴСһײһ
İŶʱŵ޲Լȥǹ棬ŵĲˣ՝һֳʷǼΪûһͨĹˣҲҪһˡ
Ҳ֪Լײ˲˵æڵϾǲϵģʧģ՝οʼԼǲʲô˵Ұޡ
Ҳûʲô󰭣һܹײʲô
£߰ɣ
ӡֹҪµʱ̫ӵ·ˣϡ
՝βֻƢﵱո㰡㣬ѧʲôãҪѧһǶһٶܶҪ˱˵
Ҷʹͷǰߡ
ص՝αŽ֮ǰдֻ꣬аĥīȻһ˿ʼд֡
˭֪Ųһյʱ䣬;ʣһʼǻȣؿڵλãȼܴʱὫڵȼմ
صϣЩԥҪҪаǰĽ˵Ļ̫ӵ¶Ȼͻ֪ھЩأһ˵ıŤС
՝αǿţŵȻͻһЩ˭֪ϵһ裬ȵĸоûеõκεĻ⡣
Ժ՝Ҳ˲ϱſڱͳ
һİһȴû՝εߡ
ʱ՝ѾԺģǰһжģ
ϣƺ˽ŵƴۣȴǿ˹񣬴ʱĹ֮ǰĶкܴ´Ѿ¶׵¡
՝Σ㿴ҡ糺՝βò˵Ϻõֽһһķù˷ܣӿ՝εĵһۿʼΪ˻˵ǻʳǵһС
ΪֻҪ࿴һۣͻղܡ
ϸָ˴渲ǣ՝ûסĻһʮַȻʱ׷µĻǱǸɵӡ
⹬Ȼ治ĳ̶ȣԼв
՝㿴㿴ңһ˵һѵԼʱѾ׼ֻҪֱȥͲ࣬²ͣ՝εһ˲ȴûסһ
Ϊʱ՝̫ߣڵ˱ȽϺ˵ĵز
ȻԼеĹûзֻҪﵽԼĿĶѡ
Ҫƿ՝һʱȴ˳صĽŲ
ʱһ黹û꣬˻ֱһݣֱ˶՝εϣȻִȥ
ؽŵʱͿҵĳڿ՝ʱֻ֮ڣ;ԼǰһƬͨ졣
СڹصǰͲã˲ͲĻԣֱһѽ˦˳ȥ˶ڵϣǹһȦ
Ϊ՝εƤùػһ뵽ϵĹӿͷ⼫ĿŽ՝αڻС
˰½ȥʹƺп籩ꡣ
¶׵˺Ƥ
أΪӮӮ˵ңģط՝αͻ᲻òȢңǸҲΪ˻ʼ՝ȢңΪʲô
ÿһֶżĶ⣬ѾܹԺһС
ȻصɫȴûаֵĶݣֻɿſŹ񣬻˽ϳȥ
񲻸ԼȻᱻ˶Դʼܲ˵ĴУȻҲ˵ʲôû˱ͺоøûʲô
ȥرͽ՝θᱧŴ齵λȥڽӴԷһ˲ͷ쳣¶ʵ̫ߣⲻӦеġ
ɫѿŭȡ
ɿĵʹͷ˽ȥŷԸ
ȥ̫ҽȻȥĻһˡҪҪεĴ顣
κεĳɣɿıȥ
۵Ľ՝αڻУԷƺܹܵϵĳҲš
ƽʱĻؿܻܹ՝Σȴֻʣۡ
՝εʹģ˵ûоðֵʮܣܵʶѻǽüͷʱʱ̵̿Ҫʹࡣ
ôң

043


̫ҽ뿪ʱ¶Ѿʪ󣬱뿪ȴǱ뵽˸ڵķȥ
ȻչûȫõĻǲ뿪ġ
ڣ՝Ѿ˯ȥָֻץסص˯ȻʮֺѵģֻǹôܻѣֻԼסһֲֻ鿴՝ζͷ¶ȡ
һСʱʱ䣬՝ε¶ࡣ
뵽֮ǰ՝ʹģرûסŴ
濴˿漴СĻӿڵĻԵȣūȥơ
·ϾѾ֪飬¾ĺܣȻǲᴵꡣ
ʼѾ̫ӵĶ֡
⹬Ǻ֣
Ųʱ΢΢˹ȥ
֪ʱֻ̫˵һ֣͵ʹͷ
ȻǷڹصϣֻǶԷȴٳûзӦ
ֱϵ՝ͻȻһҪѹƵġ
ţȴ՝ֻ΢΢ת壬Ȼɿ˽Źصָ
㰡ţ˵Լһ
Сָ՝θϱӣ漴ȥ
æиƵġ
չӱõġ
ƼسҪſڽͣȴԷֹ
ʱñޱȣȴҲûз𣬳Ĭĸڹص
ȥıǸ̫ҽķ䡣
һžͽŵ̫ҽŵվŵ˳ǲԼʲô顣
̫ҽ˵˵ɣ
ص˵ŻĶŹҡ
ȻѾ׼ǴʱĹһǲɴżֵĽš
̫ӿڣ̫ҽȻǲκεĳɣɿͽ՝εһһʮȫ˵˳̫ĻӵĹϵ΢˵һЩ
֮Ǽʱ֣ŮƵĻǻΣ
һΣҵɫΪѿ޲ھͽץϸʵЩʲô
Ҫ޸ˣҪԼػѡ
Ȼ룬Եȴǹء
Ǹʣֻһ՝ηļϵˡ
ʱȻһҲȻõͷǰϴֹĿŹأһԸһܡ
ܣ˼ֵȤ㻹ʲôҲ֪ģ
εǣ˻ǰ治
һԵ̫ҽֱӽŵľҪȥˣֻһģһ㶼Ҫ֪ʲôܣǿĻӳԱҲǲԭġ
˹صɫǰ̫ҽ˳ȥ
뿪֮󣬹زżڣúҪģȻĻõҿɲܱ֤ˡ
⻰˵ʮţǹȴ˵ȷŵʱ
Բµ˲䣬ҾȻҵģҺԼɾ͵õôһϢ
ٴҲԼãҪµġ
΢ķ՝β΢΢ĽӳԼ°ᣬ⳯ſڵλÿȥ
ʱѾѣֻǵµ֪ôźá
Ҳû뵽Ȼ飬Է޹ǵȥ˲䣬ԺĻ棬ҺǸˣȻĻûа취Ρ
űŤ˭֪ѹȴԼסԷֱĳΪ՝ξβѡ
ںװɿ֡
ȵ˯ʱһֻͻȻĶͷ˲ۡ
ȻͿǰݡ
՝ζԼûסĵʹͷȵĴӡڶϡ
ôû˯ǲǻţ
زҩֻǾ՝Ӧ۵ģԲŻǷ
ؾҪȥˣ՝æֹסԷ䡣
΢ɳƣء
ɳƵʮ۵ȥŪдˮ˲һĴʪ˴
࣬㲻Ӧ˼⡣صƽȴ՝˼ԹɾЩЦĲ֪ԼſھȻɳƵ
ҡҡͷ漴ȥ
һ±ùؽΪԼˣæҪȥֿԼϵ¡
՝εûΪѾˣ׼תȥȴоҴŵıӱƿһȵ˽ȥ
㣡՝뵽˾Ȼϴ齣ʱǺʲô
ֱ־ͽ뻳Уϵ¶ȸߣȥ՝λ᲻֮ǰĳͲɵıһЩ
ȴǵ٩Ȼ˯ôãԼҲˣ԰໹ǸϽ۾ްɣ
ȵ廳՝θоԼոճȥ¶
ȴ治飬ΰޡ
ȻȻûκЧģֻܱڶԷĻС
û뵽ǣΪԼн˯ţȴֱһҹֱ
ٴ۵ʱѾʱҲ֪Ѿˡ
՝θܵߵѾ뿪żʧ䡣
һҹϢҲָЩľ񣬶ȻǿԵġ
ֻǲŸ׼ƿ°ıӣȴİƼæǰȥ˷¡
ӵȵȣ͸
Ѿ˷ԸûҪǿӲ՝ڴ齵˼
ⷽŸոջ̫ҽͱ˽
ҹһҹû˯ã¸ڵ՝λͻʲô״̬ʱʱĴ˯ѣ՝ξģݺᡣ
՝Ȼǲ֪Ϊ̫ҽϸģʵʵ˰
֪՝ӦöעһЩʲô
̫ҽҡҡͷҲ̫ע⣬ֻǧҪ󲹱Ϳԣƽȥ߱ǡ
л̫ҽ՝ȻǸԽͳȥ
ֻߵſڣ՝Ҳһ¡
˵Ƕһ٣ȴϳŵ˲ͲµĺãԼ¡
̫ӵģ՝ν£ѾôʱûЩǡ
ҹ՝ε𽥸֣øڶը
񲻹ζǹȻޱȵģֻة֮ӶѣǹĻ϶ᱻ
οôΪԼȢѡ
ƺûϵʱ՝ͻȻʵص䣬ʱϴżЦ⣬æūڱȥʡ
˵죬Ųǿ졣
ûе՝ηѾܵûӰӡ
՝βЩڣ̬ͷ·ԷȲĵز
ʱȥ˵
һյʱ䣬՝α˶
ԴӰ뿪֮Ŀ飬ŶԷ׻᲻
˭֪ȻôĿ졣
ֻģ́ͷȥʱǰȴǹأ
՝θͲ֪ԼʧɫжԣǿŵĿʵкδ£
Ѿ˹صĿͣȻԼӦλӦͷȻ飬ӲصǣһЩ±ͻˣʱεĽȻ֪
⻰˵՝ξм֣ǶԹض˼ֵϢ
ˣԼǵҪӭȢˡ
ֻ£՝α;ÿЦϱӰװĨ˲ӡ

043


ڣڻӶڴ齲ԶλãΪǰȻ̫ӹأĻӽ
˵໥ײӶԷɫƼЩĶ
֮ǰȻǲţȴҲûв̶ֳȣ˵ȴ˰ɣ
ŹΪ֮ףȴǲڡ
̫ӡϵĻʵ۷ĺǰȥӦһ¡
Լ̫ӣ񽥽࣬߬סԷƣʵɻǵĸף
ȻǼǵõġصʹͷ˿ɫ
˵Ľ̸ڿķڣԵøԡ
ǵõµˣ˼졣
ȫԱܻıǹң۾˵λãʲôҪ¡
һ⻰ʱɫЩѿ֮ԻԽϲ̫ӵԭ򣬱Ϊĸļɻ䣬ֻԽĲУͱ˽ˡ
ûٿڣȻҲ˵ֻǾȻĿŶԷܵƺ㶼Լ̫֮λ
ʹŵʱǸһʮֱĸ飬ĸס
㡭
Ļδ˵ڣ洫˴Ŀ޺ʱüλÿȥ
ܿ죬ԵòִٵŹͳ˽󻹸żλ̡
ֻǼҴҵҪ£ʵȴûаǿӲ˼
һŹˣɫ졣
ȴһȻģֽЩ̵ں棬뿪
ⷬĿŵĶ˱˼С
£ΪǵŮŹǰʱ򣬹رʮԾλ˳ȻվһԣǵſʲôϷһ
ŭȴŹ񣬶ʱüʵʲô
û˰ҪΪ
ô£
һŮ˵ҪοδŮˣһ
ŭſڱǿԣһԵæǰӵȥ
֮ͣ󣬲żѯʡ
ŹЦһ漴ȻĶһԵĹأҧǸ՝Σ̫ӵˣԱҪ޷֮ǰǰʾȢףȴǱ̫Ӹ̫ӽ˴붫ֱƭȥףǺ⣡
Ϊ̫һ檰
һſڱ˶ñӿ£ȫǲܲˡ
£ҹҪˣҺó檼ʱ֣ȻĻˡ
ƫͷһվŵĹأʵ¿ģ
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˵˵㻹Ҫά՝Σ׶Ѿûˣ㻹Ҫ˵֪ǲϲĸˣһα۸̤ˣ
ſڱͶסأ˲÷
ҲֱӲڣֻ񳰷ĶŶԷţ·ֻǿһЦѡ
ʱһԵĹƺʶԼãæǰ¡
ʣ˵ȷƽյƤһЩȴԼϷ̫ӿ˵Ļܹҹȥеķ䣬Ҳ֪ʱ˵ǲɣҲ׼Ҵţȴδȴ˵ľٶֻôһãҲҪΪֻһ
ӶŪģﻹ˵óʲôĻֱһûȻӲ˹ȥ
Ź̫ҽҲʮżǰȥֻйشͷβվһԣžŲԶŵЩˡ
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̫ӹĻӹ֮⣬пܵ˱Ǵӹ
ȻǲǻʺȴҲǻʵ۵ĵһӣҲЩࡣ
İܱʱǷǻʺ
ԹصĿ⣬ϴżսսǲվӡ
̫ҽ֮󣬲õŵλ뿪
˲Ų˲ЩվȣһԵ߻ӶʱȥһѣȴǺܿͱ˶㿪
ŹصλÿȥþͿ˶Էеĳ
ԣ˵ķ̡
ȥֻŹһˡ
ظͲ˵Ŀ⣬ֱӻ˶
ӭȥ֮ſڵһʵȻ՝εϢ
չ֮µ٣ūͰյ˵ǰչˡ
ţھȥһһ߽½⿪һԵ·ʺȥ՝Ρ
æ˽·ԸҲ׼õ·ϽΪشϡ
՝ε԰ʱɾ͸ʱš
ƼأʱҪ¹ȴؼʱǰе˹ȥ
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ȴǾÿɰĽǰźãȻ՝˹ȥ
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˵ƺܴ󣬾ȻܹĽס՝ʶһ£ȴ޼¡
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Ҫľ՝νܹЩȻǺõġ
՝αͻĶŪߺ죬֮ƼԶĹ֮󣬺޲ֱԼ赹ȥˡ
ʹͷǱߵλȥžͲԸ̧ͷˡ
صûоʲôֱ˹
漴Ⱦ֣Ȼ՝εһϴɾ
Դ՝ξһͯʲôϲĵط
ȱ֮ͽ˶ߣûһ
ȳԵ㶫Ƕˡ
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ܿ뵽£ɫſʵôˣ
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һϵЦ͵ࡣ
ǿԵĻʼκйǸŮ˵Ĵʾ䡣
ֻڻʱ
಻صǣһᴦõģŰɣ
زԸ⽫˵՝ֻҪúñУ՝ˮ
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뵽﹬زеף漴һ졣
һ첻΢՝εĿ⣬صָ֮ǰָסæôôСģǺã

044


˿ʵ󣬲ǻһϸСĿӣǶڹضԡ
՝εУѾСˡ
ʲôѪıԼѪˡ
ָϺܿͬմȾѪ՝ͻȻЩ£ȥãȴԽԽ࣬ҲԵԽ
һʼ՝εĵǣǺܿƳ՝εĲԾæַס՝ε
࣬ôˣ
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˵⻰ͲɳŲλ֣ȻȴϽصһͬ˹ȥ
ָӴϸƤ͵˻֮С
ʱҲס՝εĲӣȴԴԴϵѪָ
Ϊ
ϸСĿѾûѪȴȾ˵֡
ˮֱϣز͵طӦ
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СĶԷıֻΪѪе¡
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ȻѾס˵Ĺô׵ķ֡
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ؼ՝νŴ֪ԷûȫԼĻǰһĿڵ࣬ܽôҪһᴦõģǧҪ嶯һġ
εˣõѡ
՝βΪͻȻ֮¶ɫģ՝ȴ˵κηԵĻ
֮оȻ˼ֵĺ¡
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˳ŵ֮󣬹زһ漴΢˼䣬űͱȽϴæ뿪
ѾŪھõʱ
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һŲԵôæϵɫҲǸϾ
ҴҵģȥƲϵı£ȴǳŹ޹ȥ
˵̫ӣȴҲĽ󹬲ǡ
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ԭҪϵĹһǹأʱŵûһû˵Ҫʱɱһ
Ҳ˹أҲ˲ȥŹæǰʵôôˣһһ՝εġ
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㣡ίôΨһίǱȲ̫ҲҪ˵ı
ԼʧܣΪ̫ӾͿΪΪĸȻ՝Ȣҵģ՝һ˾ֻҶѣģ
һʱͷ۲ѣҺ֮ǰûнԼļƻǰ˵˵˵Ļעʧܡ
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˵ĸĸ˵Ƕ㣬ǸųΪŮĻﻹҪ㣡Źҵģ;ӶжĻ͸ߵͣ˵՝Σ¶ġ
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ؼѾ׼ߵĹңˣãҪĸ֪µĻȻҲ㡣
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޹ڣŹͬ踾һ󺰴УŲԶʬף漴˶赹˹ȥ
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ĲˣҲֻ֧ŵڲ֮
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ȻܹǵƤӵŪЩС
ǲǸǽȥˣνüһж֮УͲ⹬ܷ첻ɡ
ضŹҿţͻȻЦһδþ
Һ֪Ʒ⣬̧űһĳ޵ȥ
ɲĻĸ˵ȥ
ѾһϷҽŲԴĵĳŹȥʱ򣬶ʱ¶ζɫ
ǰ˹ߣ͵Źصĵ
ջŹƼˣҵĹǣֱۣߵңãȥˣ
˵˵űſڿ޳ʱֻһʹʧŮĸףͲ֪ǺãҲԼ߻һЩ˵ſЦ
ŶԷģлЩ̣ˣѾûлء
̫ӶԲԣһĸǻᱨġ˵ǰ䣬ѹ³
ȻˣǺܽ仰
æһԵ̺̫أ̫ģ

045


ڣڵϵսսа취Ķһ˾Լ
ҵŭȴûеõֵĸοתǰȥĴߣһԵ̫ҽڵˣнй̫ǰ
̫ҽæ£ֱԵϢֱ֮ӻʹȥδü̫ӡ
ܺáһ߸ϵĿŵµˣô֪ʲôרҵЦģ
˵⻰˲ͷ˹ϡ
ȻȴֱͦűſڣӲʣӵǰغǼΪ飬ĵܻǲҪˡ
ȴǸͲҧñôһԭ򣬲ȻĻͲҪҲ˼ֵˡ
˵űԼ˽ǰʬ屧ȥ
Ź״Ҫȥתصˣͣ˽Ų
Ϊؼʱڣܾñ˿ӡ
ŹûиԼߣҰ̾Ϣ
ȻˣȥҲܸıĸеִ
ȻǾֻܰռƻˡ
ɫ䰵՝Щǡ
Źȥʱһʱʱ䣬ȴѹԽԽͣ˼еģ
ֻʱʱ䣬ڡ
՝ξԼЩöˣ׼ţȴϱ¡
ӵӻûкãʱ̫ʺϳŴ磬ҪʲôԸūȥǡ
՝ζǰɫǺ֮ǰһȴ՝ξ֣ʶʵ¿˵ʲôʱ
½Щæձͻˡʶչ˵ʱظ
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˭֪ȴֻǳţ˹Ըѡ
՝üȥ˴ڵλãķѾ£ֻϡɫѾ
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՝ԼЩ˼ЦЦſڵѾˣ»ʱˣҲҵãүңôһӣҲܹӰһЩ
ԼĲ뱻֤ʵ՝ûסľú棬Ǵûи˽ӴŶƽʱûʲô
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ƿ֮еʱ򣬹;ѾѶ
ɿ齱ߣſʵ𣿡
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һᣬѹ
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Ѿʮֺڣ֪ˣֱӽѿɱҡ֮С
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ڹˣ֮ǰӦô˳Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
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ȥ՝εݣֻѹԴ
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ش՝οʼ뵽һԣһ𾪵ĳһԵ
Ǵϻ۵ģ՝ε˼ֻǻδſڱͱ
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՝һ߿һ߿ɫΪӡ
ڿ֮󣬱՝εĻҪʡ
ʲô

046



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՝ζʱоˣǡ
ֳҲǱεģǧҪҡ
՝ԽԽǾзŵҪаȴڼʱ侲
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