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ߣ
İ
꿤һʧɫֻϧǸġ
ĸţݱ룬뾩
Ҳˣͷ۵󡭡
Լ׵УӳףԼʱǵǣ

ʱʴӱ׿ĺֻһ㲻ãϲŮӡ
ĸ˵ɫŮӣ˻ˮӳΪɫеľɫǻˮеĻˮ򲻿ɱա
ֱڶ׷ߣ̫ӵסˡ
1.ǵԷַƣܿһ꣬л
2.ҵķ


3.Ԥաƽղ

ƽɫ㡣

ǰ޸磬ıƺҶ

ƮھϿյЩ֪꣬Լûû˰磬лңȨ

Ķˡ

л֪֮Լһ;ҵûܺĶ

ֱһ죬Ǹ˫ıСãסСָ

˵ˣҪϴjiojio
==================

 1 

λҲ߯ЩǴҵöӰǵʲôţ
ɲֵ
ֹأ˭ܲգǰͰ͵˴Σ˻ûǡ˵ĸһĸŮ
𣬰˼ҹĸĸóǲ̫á
˵ǣ˰ˣǸûģɲֵ
ˣ𳳳ˣҪǵ빬ȥΪǶԱ²
ǿû˼Ϲ˵糤ͷЦԼָףλǸŮȴҪһȺҹ󸾵һ˵˵ˣҺôҲǳһͰ͵ȸСԹôˣ
Թ鱧Թ˼ҹĸĸ˵ʲôӣŭǶ֪ˣ˵
˵糤෢ŭظ˵ЦҶȥ˸ĸŮ˽˵ôˣһҶˣ
ӣѲɹļ򸾲Ůʾǵĸģ˶ʯͷĳģ˵˴ǰȥҲｫһˣ̫ӵǰû˵ʲôӱ̫ӵ»𣿡
糤粻ҧΪ˵άĪͷš
ʲôվ䶢Ӱᣬѻ˵ƽ޹ףһķ緶
䲻ϣϧȥԼûѹסĸֿɲһͶ
סڣͷڴһɫ԰ֽĸڽƷ۵ӳ¸Եò£ú֡
ǡ糤˸ۣ鲻Ը£Ļ
˺ôһӣҴææܽһС̫࣬С
ʺ꿤ڵ

˵Ŀˢˢתſڡ
ֻúʯ̨ϻһµŮӣңңȥֻɼһѣá
ߵĽˣϵĻƶһȴѹ޹⡣
ݣ绨£ֲ鶯ޡ
Ҽž
ӳ߽еֽ߬ȭͷڴߵ꿤ӳݼʺ
һŻ˵˼м굱صĿģͬ´ݣ
ʺȼº͵ɡ
ӳӵվͷŽ¹⻬ĵذ壬ƺͷȥܺܲƵĿ⡣
ȫɹǣӰ硣ȫõʳסУҲӵȫġ
ӳ֪Щ˶ڵſԼЦ
Ӽ굽ʳǣΪʵΪʡ
οԼΪЩֻ¸ӿԼ˳ۣϾ˭ԸԼĶȢһûκŮӡ
ӳһһЩסΣΧͬĿȫȻӣֻûʺ󿪿ڣ
ʼҵĹŮѵأᵱӵŵľٶǵԼλʱӳԷеĲΪ⡣
һ֣ӡ
һŮӣԹŮӶԣûиˡ
ӳȭͷѹеŭ˳¡
Ůûص飬ҲԼռէûʸȥڣˣҲûá
ӦԼ뾩һ쿪ʼѾе·ˡ
ֻǼھǵʡ
һ㣬ܺúûȥ
ӳѹͷŭίʺлŮлʺ¡
ʺˣʲôģ
ӳɵЦػʺŮʮġ
СһģǼ£
ӳͷһҵʺ⣬Ůǰµ
ѾЩˡ뾩ͷȫµ˶֪꿤δķĳλӵܣλӡ
ӳʶҧ
ʺĻƽ޹˵ģϵһ뷨
λӵȫ¶èͷһССͲѧã龩ǵĻÿ常ѵֵܵʱ򶼱ڡ
ĶλǸʲô
ӳһĻˡ
ʺЦЦºãĺƯֲÿһò
תͷ糤΢΢һЦţ⺢Ӻòã
糤ʺĻͷæȥòСҲǺòǺúӣʺɲ˱ˣӲһ
ܰӳ˦ӣȻǽԴϲģ糤Ͳö˵֮ϵĺû
ϾʼʵյȥˣҶĶ˳ɾϲ콵ҪɡֱϲѶ竵֮ϣҲ㲻ǿޡ
ӳ䣬ĬĬҧݡ
Ϊĸоĺܲܡ
޸λӣలֻԷҲͰˣֻǡôأ
͸յ͸Һ忴ԼգӳǳһĨЦСʱ˶˵꿤ɫ正дãɫղǼ¶
ԼòΣĶǰ;ã
ӳŻʺ˵˵һϾͰ͵ģеĸ̫ۡûסˣֻū۸Ҫסڹ
糤ڴһЦºסڹУȣʡģɲȫĺ¶
һһͣؾͽŵװס
ӳܾסڹûκʸܾӿҲûʸܾʵۻʺİţڶңֻܰͰ˳ǵİš
ܾܾ
ʺȥɽ֮˵ÿһ仰֤ûб޺
ӳ˱۾ЦʺɷŮˣŮ΢л¡
ʺʶȤЦһŮ٣ܽʰסˣ
ӳʵⲻ˵ԼģҲʵҪԼ޸ӵġ
˰ӣֻҪ˵Լ棬ˣһ
ԴӸĸȥӳԴ˸̡
˶٣Ц棺лʺչңһ˽¼ˣû뵽Ҷơ
--
ӳȺеЦܲ˵Ķ⣬̧ǳЦţ׵ĺӤ
úӣԹԵģ㡣ʺϲƯǵŮң˭Ȳ㡣
ӳЦʺһ仰ͰȫǵĹǧ˸飬ĹǶҪжд̣˹Թ·ˡ
ɬһЦŮ˵䲻˼ģҲԼÿֱλ
ȸ߻ʵܱȡӳգ۾ʺ󣬡ʺҳէңл
糤Цǹ˾䣺Ǻÿڲţ
˼ҿúõĿ㣬ʲôأҾſãƯҼǼѾͷǿˡ
ŰŮ̧ͷӳζɲǼ
糤еժԼϵĻףƵ⻰̣ȴǲУǻ壬ǸıûǺõģʲôèǿһͷɣ
ӳ̧ͷµĲ
è
ĸִζֱ޷̡
ĸȫʱ糤ˣȴֻ̣ȫȥ
ھǹһˣ޹ʣԶڼΪͷλԿĻԼ
ӳȴ޷ƽֻͷˡ
Ʋˣһʱƽ˾
ɲ糤ȴϷŹЦʣòáԼȰĿҪǿɣ
ӳʵףʱ糤һһԼ
ѵǰԸķأ
ӳĬƬ̣ҲһĿ޸ĸģĶȵλĽ
糤ӳɴƹˤˣЦȸ߻绪һһн±ʣӳʵȲأ
Ǳ˭
Ѳһ


 2 

ӳЦؿӳպ󶨵ԳΪʣĽ򳤹ѧϰ
һˣ糤Խͱˣλ裬Ϊһ鴫
ӳȻͲˣ˵һǧһ򣬳ҲֻǹǻʵۣһƢŮʲôأ
Դӽţӳһ˳ܵСϱѵĴ򲻻ڣӺȻؿڣȻˡ
糤һ㶣ָ˰Σ߳ŭ˭ϡѧϰ
ӳųʻһΪҪ̵ңԭ飿
Ͳֱ˵糤ԸĽƷУûûƤѵˡһ仰˵꣬糤ɫˡ
ʲô˼糤ʱŭضӳʲôҲҸҽ
ӳ򴽣ͷһЦ˸ǳҼʱ볤ˣ
糤˵ʺȻڵڲۣȴʹӶ
ʺûͷˣΪƫͷ©ʱˣҪȥ̫밲Լ߶ɡ
кӳúӣ汾һͬȥٹ̫󿴿㡣
糤վʺԺҲ׼ȥĸ밲һͬɣ
ӳŮ
糤һۣ뵽ʲôƵģгظŻʺߣӳʱԽ
ӳĬĬš
̫󡭡
̾Ϣˣˮھǣ̫ߵһӦڲںԼһСȥ
ӳοԼ
ٹʺĹԶ˰ӾͿ˹ţŻʺ糤ٹſڵ̫æ񣬡μʺ
ʺҡӣ񣺡ĿŸ̫밲ȥͨɡ
С̫ȴԥƬ̣ʺ̫ӵء
ƺǷǳΪѡ
ɼʺɫӲһ£һֱ͵ЦҲס
ӳһ·λ̫ӵʺķӦһɽ˭治ɫأ
Ͼʺδ̫ӵĸףԪ֮Ӻͼ̺ĳС
Ȼ̫Ǳǣ̫̫ӹסʺ˶٣Ȼ񣬡˵
ʺӶŴתһ֣̫ﴫȥ
ɡʺԥǲ̫ã
̫ӵͬ˵ġֻ΢΢һЦʺɡ
Σʺֻõȥɡ
ҲЩ
ʵǸТ˳ĶӣٹİװñȻʺ֪˶ٱ䱦һȥܲǧӳЩн
תһ磬ңӳδüͷһ˫۾
˫۾̫ϤˣӼ굽һ·ϣµʱ䣬춼ܿÿζľ
˴λվ̲񣺡ʺĸ
ƽƽûûв
ʺ糤̫˵Ŀⶼӳϡͷһμ̫󣬱ӦдӳûʲôоԾعڵϣߵŮݼ̫󡣡
̫´һþõĸĺ񡣡
ȴ˵ֻ˱ţУ˵ģԼӳһ亹
֪ΪΣĻŵڴôĿ⣬û˿ţȴȫ¶͸ĸо
˵ģһĸ
̫̾ͷӳɡ
л̫ӳԹվһԣһֶ˵
̫糤ĸŮλȴʮǧ֪̫˸Ī⣬ղžͲ糤ִ
ʵ²ߡ
ӳͷԽˡ
̫û⼸Ƶģ̫ӵ꺮ůһ·˲٣㸸ǡ
ĸǼҲ࣬Ͳ𣿡糤ĸĶԹֿͷҲûۣ
ĸף㶼Żȥָ˭أ̫תͷԼŮһѪ㣬ʲô
糤һĸ㲻ˣÿΰûңŮҪˡ
裿̫ȾЦ⣬ɼŮʮã֣㰡ȥۣˡ
ĸ󡭡
̫һۣ飬мƽϡ
糤վ˵һŮˡ
ӳĺĽʼҹ壬滰˭˵һһ˵Ư˵ֱĲԣ㣬Ϊá
ӸĸȥҲûˡ
糤ͣĸܹΪ˴ǼΪ˵ġ
ӳգգ۾̫Ŀȴתȿʺֿӳ
ڷЩ´ӳʣ꼸ˣ
Ůʮġӳæش
ʮ̫˶٣ͷ̫һۣǸӣɶ飿
ŮڼֵѧӳߣԽԵɣϵüְˡ
عǫ̫ʶǺ¶ʼҲŮ޲űǵףЩлȳˡ
־䣬Ļ
ӳۿ΢ᣬǡ
̫ȥģô˵ĻȴΪãûп⺦¶⡣
жˡ
̫ȻЦˣûͷûβ˵˾䣺ǸСѾͷء
ʺǶһֱû˵Խһ䣺ʮɲСӣ
ʺɫ̫󵭵ѣ϶أô
鷿·ǣ߶̫ˡʺ̫ӵ׿ܰ¶ֻܾĽˡ
ǲ簢̫Ļ棬ڵֽĿת̫ӣ࣬񸮸ЩõĲƷвõĸҿġ
ʺ˳ǣס
̫ܼܽĴڣ˸̫ͶҲ벻
ʺҲǸ̫󣬱Цſ̫ӣ̫ӿɻʲôҪģ뱾
̫Ը񣬶̫Ҳ޻˵ˡһлʺÿζã԰顣
˵⻰ڵţЦ覡
Ϻ顣̫ӵ˵ĸ֡
Ȼֻĸ֣ȴûʺıѡ
Ȼ̫ӵĸ֣ܿͱ̫ɢһΣ˵ˣǰЩʱϺ˺Щ飬ȻҪȫȥǡ
ǡʺӦˡ
ֽ̫ʺӳ֮ˣ̫ӣҪӸʲô
ա̫治ɫ˵˾ŭԹ֡
գ
ӳˣ̧ͷ
ԻҹԣϺ㲻ر󣬵Ҳ֮õĶյǻʵۿ¶ûݳޡ
̫Ҳˣ㵵ؿȴǵվգϲ͸գû˰ٸҡ
ӳͺ֪̫ΪβΪҪ飿Ͳ


 3 

ţӳһ˫ԲĴ۾¶޹̧ͷ
̫ɨ飬ȻЦˣʵúõģʲʲô俴źã鷳ġ
ĸյġʱ
̫ȻԼϵķ飬̾һЩˣĸڤΪ
ʱ
ʺɫüΪѿҧӳ
˼Ϣ򣬱վڵϣؿڿԣǳ檿ǲܣչæȻʺڤ̫𷣡
ӳæվ޴Ŀ
ʺˣǲҲù£̫Ӷ޷ӦƤӶû̧һ£ԼŹǸ֣
ʱϣӳ۲̬
ʱ̧ƤһۣĿԣӳ˶٣æƿۡ
ʺţ̬˳һģ
̫󲢲ֻƵ֪ͺúòٰ죬ͷѾæͣɱġ
ǡʺӦˡ
ɣʲôӣ̫¶ҵҪ㣬ǰջʵ۹˵ҪѾͷסڹУ׼סںδ
ʰܽǵط԰羰ãſСԸã߶߶źá
תԼϣӳĬĬҧҧ
̫ͷܽҲãɼָ㣬ʡ˲۳ײˡ
ĿƵʺϣѾͷҪǼҵĶѡĸСҪµּ⣬˹ײʲôص飬˻ʼ棬Ψʣ
ʺæ򲻸鷢
ӳһڳǻʺһһ̣ӳµĲУȺصĶ¶
û뵽̫׿ôʺ
̫仰ڣʺҲã糤ҲգĿŵ
̫ڱϣ˸Ƿ˾񲻺ãһȥɡ
ʺˣֻӳѾͷȥܽ
ӳһʶתͷʱĶʸλ̫ӵأ
ҪƾܣʱֻͷӦˣ޲ûпûϲãһ³Ϧദÿһ졣
ӳĬĬͷʽ
̫һ⣬ǲʶôˣϸøж
ͬʺ̫һߴٹĴţӳ󣬹ɵصͷ
ʺЦȻ̫ͿǱɿƬ̣Ȼعˡ
ʺ롣̫ӲףֱӲߣӳҲǰδеĳԾԾǻʺ󲻽Ц뿪
һߣ֪ġ
ӳĬĬš
ʱƳһۣ䵭ߡ
ӳԹԡŶһͷߡ
Ưü¸⾫£ƷŹ⣬ȫ
ʱһۣĬĬƿ۾Խ䵭
ֵգ԰ٻʢʮɫţӳȻͣסŲһ䡣
ʱͷһۣĿ⿴ȥֻһϻãƽԡ
һۣӳ񣬸Ц̫ӵ¡
ʱǺϻһۣһﲻسǰߣӳȴĲߵģ׷
ӳ˭ôͻȻˡ
ʣֻʱһһ£ȥע԰İٰ羰
˺Զ·ʱģűӣˡ
ӳ̧ͷǰһͥԺǰ
֣ܽɵĺܡ
ӳͷʱͼͣżƲסز˲棬ҡһ˲ҡ
˵ţһȦ
Ŀʱؽͣҡ˭ʶ
Լһ˽ȥܽҲϵʱöΡ
ʱһﲻȴûֱ߽ͣȥӳһæٲϡ
ܽ﹬˵˻ʺʰɨţһæµƼʱӰȴԼͬطеĶһأݼ̫ӵ¡
ʱɨһܣĿڵµĴ̫ϡ
̫༫ɫҴܳ񣺡̫ӵ£ūɣܽĹ£̫ӵкܸūŽ
̬
ӳᡣ
ʱȴһѽӳԼǰ档
ӳһʶһüͷܼвӬʶʱһۡ
ϵأʱϵ˼֣˵ʱҲûˣָƽ޲
꿤ɵ
æЦ񣺡ūŸ밲
ӳԼֱۣüۼ仹ȫǲˡ
ۣ϶ȫˣ˾Ͳһ
ɻţӳķƢŬЦɡ
ʱĬĬһۣĿüۼ䣬ͣ˺һֱϡ
ӳĵط΢ɲ򴽡
Ц棺̫ӵ£ܽһӦﶼˣҲŽУǿѾͷڿܣ֪ɻб¶ҪԸ
ӳͷ룬û¶ͷһ⡣
ūǲҾӹЦ˸ƣ̫ӵ룬롣
ӳʱɲΪʱȥ˷žֱߣԼధŲ̫δ̫ûɫȻ̫ү
ӳ̾
ʱĿϣӳ㵵УȻ̧ţȥ
ӳգգۣɻһһ
Ǹʲô˼
Ӵϵϣһλ̫һ仰Ǵͷ˸һۡ
Ƿ˻զģ
ӳ˼⣬һظȥ
ʱڴĿɨĴİ裬ĮȻ
ӳûС̫ӵ¡
ʱһԵ磬
һ㶣
ѸĻæūʡģ͸
Ѹٳͷ˦ĸ۷磬ȥ
Ǽʵܾˣ롣
ӳͷ˰ȥǼ磬ȻģԲܵģɻ˵ڣȥ
ӳչһЦǳӲӣâҫۡ
ʱĬĬ
һ̫࣬һЦҲסðŻ񣬵ͷٶһֻۣʣԵķԸ𣿡
¶Ի㣬ȥæɡӳ
ǡ
ܽ¶࣬һʱ仹벻ӳҲΪˡ
ֻһߣھֻʣӳСŮСŮȻҸλ̫ӵ˵㰲̫Щ
ӳӲͷƤ̫ӵ¡
δ˵꣬ʱƳһ۽©ˡ
ӳһ㶣ߡˣ
ʵ֤ûʱ˵߾ͺͣ٣߳ţ񶼲һ
ӳüıӰ°磬ɻ
ģ롣
͸


 4 

㲻ģӳö˼ֻ̾ջĿ⡣
ԼҲûܿһΣαΪԼ
ܽȼ嵭滨㣬һһƴУĿ⣬ӳ߹ȥƿ¯ĸӣͷᣬ΢΢ü
СŮľٶæЦʣҪʲôֻܷԸū澣ǧɱˡ
ӳǳǳһЦζµţʲôϣ
ѩ㣬ʺϲϾ࣬ɼء
ӳپϣʣҿòףϲʲô֣
ūݡǷ񣬼ԭǻʺ﹬еĶȹŮˣūǰ̷
ӻʺеίˡӳͷһЦƯȻֻһĻȣҲ
΢ҵصͷҲŽū澡ū澲ί̷ū澵ҡ
룬ҵĸˡӳЦϵӵݸͷһμûüϼŰɡ
ū澲ҡ
ľš
ǡ
ˣӳ΢΢˸Ƿˮٵƣ֮ɫԡ
ݼϵشԶˣūɡ
ӳңݺЦѾһ·ͣ¶ȥЪϢˣū濤¡
͡ӳһ̬ʰ÷ҲȥЪŰɣԸ˯һҡ
ǡ
һˣӳʻŰЦǼʧɫ
һ⣬ںѣʵΪ̽̽۹·˷Ǹ˭
Ȼϣ
ʺĶȹŮĶ䣡
治֪ΪãҪ
ʳǱԭĻҪֲȥ˶Ͱһ£ȴܹɱ˵Բٲ
糤ʺͰƤЫѱ档ܽе˶ֲôɣݡ
˵˻ȴδˡ
ֻС
ΪĮЩȴԼ
ӳڴϣۺ˯⡣
һһƮӳĿŷƬ¯ϣ΢ɲ̾
ʺļܵС¶ܿǵڳԴöȸٲ˭˶ÿһʺ͵¡
ƫƫʵµĻʺһҪ޸ӡ
ӳ˱ۣҺֻ룬δڵ˵򡭡͵ضûУӳͶ·
ţҹɫ㽥ӳһͦӴۣ
һû˯ȴһ˯δѵ̬
ݺ΢Ц߹󻹸żСŮˡ
ӳĿǼϣ̧ü
Żʺǲ˵ҹҪ磬ӷϴݽӹѣۣ԰ɡ
ӳ΢΢һ㶣ҹʲô˸磿
޹ؽҪС¶ӦΪʱŽӳûʣ˼ԸʱУȻԵʵģǻʺ˼λӹԸġ
˺ûô
ڻʺ󴦣һҲҪȥ
ڻʱ
ʺͺ󹬼λŹǣ˿ǣ̸ܺ
ӳɫ䣬вЦ
СûͬС̸
һվȺͽ˶ĵǸɴֻѾͷ˭Ը棿ȺиÿĻ˵
ӳ̾Ϣһǣľżһ㣬Լѣûʲôܡ
·ǼΪɫɫֻɫӳǽȻͬЧ
ɫԽгļͬ¹һ㣬һϴ
ݿָ΢΢鴤ӲͷƤ߰ɡ
ӳ˳صͷȫûķӦ
Ҳ֪λָʾһѣҪô˵涪ۡ
ֻĶˣеȥλĻ
ŵߵͷӳŵƻͨĹͷӰ׷ףȥֵģȴĸо
֪ΪΡ
ԼԺ뷨һӳŲһ£ûһ߽ȥ
ȼϺܽһģһµ滨Ⱦ͸ÿһ䣬ͬյζУֵƱյһ硣
̤ŵһ̣ע⵽ˡ
糤Ϊˣ¾յӣһ
Ǹ˶ҵôò٣뵽仹㣬֪ĻΪʲô
ӳĬ
ôŽΪһĻعأȺѫ
ӳһڸסĵĲáռ̫ٲ糤ͻ򡭡λ˼Ҫֱ練ơ
¶Цݣӳһ䣬ŲɵԼλá
ŮۼλǰЦȻӭΪһλŮס֣λǼ꿤գÿǽþȥˡ
ޣʵ֮ӳæǷ֪ǡ
Ƭ̣Ц
λǴ㡣
Ůáӳɿ֣ϥ˸񣬡ȷǷ׿ʵǳ˿ɼŮһʱ֮侹ˡ
ǻʺŮǻʵϥΨһĵŮܾ谮ȴ糤һ㽾裬ĸ׵
Цŵ䣬ӳһ亹
׻˵ĺãҧ˵ĹСȴеͷ
λʾãȥֺദȴԱţ벻ʣ䵱ˣҹֳ֪Ц
ֻЦʲôð˹أ
ӳЦţһһ󷢲
ЦסֱۣСԹĸҪҸѧš
Ůҡ
ɡ£ԼˣϲպڹȤѰ棬пҲ㣬㿴ɺã
̧ң棬Ůʵҵ
Цᣬӳ֮ЦݣӵͬһȪͷ˸ӡ
糤žһյϣü䣬
䳯ӳǸЦЦվ߹ȥ˭ǹĸ
Цӳ棬ȫԼ޹ءЩЦ滢糤ĽҲԵûôˡ
ôѵõ档
ӳЦ
糤УЩĵʲôǵչôϸ˼ҡ
֪ӺãҲе㣬ʲô˶õģ
ӳţΪ˵һ仰ֻһ䣬Ҳλʵʾãǿ۸֮ˡ
ɵȰȣȵ糤䶼ֻǰվǶЦݵĻȶһɲ䡣
ӳȥĲա


 5 

ǸܵĿ⣬תͷͬӣĻ΢ᣬ۾Խᡣ
Ŀԣӳͷ˱ۡ
λ˼ҵ˼Ѱ˵ȲĸԼ׽˵˶Լж⣬ֻ»ᱻ˵ʶô
ӳ̾Ϣһ
ĸЪЪɡٴδӳȥֻһյ糤ɱԼˡ
糤ӹĵȰ˵Ǹúӣɱ˴ˡ
ĸġ
׾ͺá
˵ͣҲӳջĿ⣬šһ˵ֵУһԵΪ¶
ӳ˵̬ȣֻ˱裬ССš
ҡҷŻʺӰԽӳ̧ۻʺաҹ䣬ʺδŰǰ㾫µױݣ泯Ƕӣɫȴ԰׵Ŀ¡
ʺԭĲãһһԣǼٵġ
ӳΪ嶼ˣҪ񲻷š
ѵʲôȺúñԼҪ
ʺӳ
ᣬһ޶ĸŮ˳ò˵ȴϡ
ҹǸӳӷϴ磬ʺ⻽ʵӳ˫ֽ£ߵУʺȴ⣬ҡҡͷ
̷ֶĹ˵Ųߡ
ӳȥ˵ͻʺһ̫ˡ
ɻʺԣǲ÷ֻܶһĿ⣬̨ס
糤ըǸ˵ʺǺεݣλȻ֮ϣ
ʺ죬Լ١
糤˶٣ĬĬȥ˵ƫͷȴûʡ
ӳɵøпʺ󣬷ʲôû˵ܱƵ糤Ҷԡ
һ룬ӳҲ֪ô죬һ仰˼ҾͿԵٱȥ˼ҷ˲˵ģǰٿĪ硣
ţûκηӡ
ڻʺ£ӳձȺҹŮ۾ҪƵģһһ׺ݣЦĸôӳãŮҪԴĸùöûأ
ƤĿǣһͨСŮĸ
ʺЦҲҲĸ
Цվڻʺߣ˿ˡ
ӳЩ塣
һ治ɫ
ͻʺһһͣͰԼ̧糤֮ϡ֪ߵλҪͷ֪٣ӳͣǿ䷽˵糤
֮⣬Ҫ糤
ӳҡҡͷ糤Ϊ飬ɵЩͬ顣
ô̫ôһɵŮ
ţӳȴЦ
ʵֻоҳ谮ŮĸĸŻɵĺӰɡĸеķ궼ˣȻȥЩ߰㹴Ķǵ顣
ŮӣΨ糤һá
˭Ȳϡ
ӳСĸ˫ŵ񰮶룬Ųġڷ絲꣬սս
ʺЦԴúӣĸӳ棬𣿡
ЦеȻӳƯŮϲԺúչġ
Ȼᵽӳֻñ֮һ΢Цżģллʺ
ӳ̫нˡؿҸǰˡ
ӳļƤҪð֪ΪΣܾûܣҡֻЩǾн
ǾϤ
ӳЦţ֪˵ʲô
ƹѲҹɫŨȴһС̫ɳ۶
ʺ˵Ż״˶٣ʣ£
ʺ´λ¹ˣǰȥӼݡ
ˣʺƺǾϲͷɶϲüңˢˢվ
ӳվʺ̨ףͷһۣĿȴЩġ
ӳͷһĸоٴγġ
ӳһμʵۡʱһٱӶվһһģ̳ģֻһ˼µĲɣʱˣԼģ
ֺÿģӳ롣
Ҳ룬ֳֻܸ񣬹ɵزС
ʱĿһ˲ܿƿֻܹʵƳԼһۡ
𣬻ʺôˣ
ʵۻӻ֣۽˴
ӳϸֵѾͷ޸ǰ
ӳС߹ȥŮݼ¡
ʵۿ̾ôˣʱ޻㣬һζʮ
ǻм˸Уĸ۾㸸ס
˵˵žͣסˣƺҲ˵ȥ
ӳգգۣɵ¡
ʵۻһ̾Ϣȥˣȥˣһ·ûѾͷɡ
ûʱ治ɫһֶ϶˵
ʵ۵ҲϰӵƢЦŶӳƢǶ㡣
ӳʵ۾ȻԼƣƵţæŮף̫ӵǸˡ
һ䣬ʵͻȻЦʱӳϣͣòƿʡ
ʵҡҡ֣վˣȥɡ
ЦʲôҲû˸ʣӳֻܴһͷˮ߽ڣʱһһϵ
ڻʵԵĻӣȴ˵ʸûС
˴й˰µȣʵ۲ͷʺŵĲ
ʺӣϲòѣл¿ޣġ
ӳžˣи顣֮ǰƣĵȴġ
ʵۿʺһۣƿĿ˵°ɣ
ʵһܹԾػԼԭλãλһԲزԼȥûʲôֻӳһʱ֮䲻֪ȥδźá
˵ԭŵλãӻڻʺԱߣֱ£Եøû֪֮
ϾλԼ¹ĻǶԹͷֿˣһԽ
վǶ޴룬ʺȫûЦŶԻʵ۵£ľǳһƣ´óģ
ӳˣСŲ׼ȥԼλá
ʵȴѹûʺҲûеľƣǿӳѾͷ̫нˣô£
ָָӳӣ׵ظӳӦȥδ
ӳмҧ´߹ȥŮ£л¹ػ
ʱͷĿϣһоƣá
ʵ۸ź˿ڣҡҡͷζ̫㣬ʺľƻصġ
ʺɫ˽檡´λĸá
˵ίܡ
糤ڵµ⻰ûҾƼãȻʺҲ˰ɡ


 6 

糤Ļһ¡¡ģȴԼﶼž
ϰˣһ̶Ǽʧһ㣬ͷյײޱȡ
ӳСͷʱһۡ
Ȼʺĸף꣬óȽϣζ֪˵Ϊ糤Ҳ߯Щô˵ֻأ
ӳüҲò
ĸĸӣ㱰΢ӦҲҪġ
ʱƵһֱûյ͸Һҡƽ顣
ĿУ΢㣬յڲͷҺ۳ˮ˳ȫϣֵεδϵµذ壬ʱᣬȴʹȫ˶ס
ʵ۱˱ۣסֱۡ
ۣĸˣؼҰɡʵۿͷۣºͲѣδؼңڼվ˸̫밲
۵ͷּ
糤һվ֡
磬֡ʵ۵
ϳʹؼңȥ̫󣬶һ裬ɻʵƫƫ˵һȡֵСŮؼȥɡ
糤߶޴ӿڣĽľˡ
λĳһվǶ˳ž޿֣㡭ңһĸͬã𣿡
ʵ۾˺ðΣȻϵľյҹȥűߣѳһƬһƬҺĽմʪ糤µȹᶼ˻ȥ
糤վţ˼顣
ʵҡҡ֣߰ɣӳѾͷӷϴ޲ִ
סĸ׵ֱۣ߰ɡ
糤һ˦֣߲ѵתȥ
ʵ۵ͷ̫ѨǼɣˡ
ʺɫһĨʧ֮⣬²˱˱°Եĵġ
ȥӵɡʵ۴Ļ
ͣƬ̣ӳӳѾͷҲߡ
ӳʶʱЩšʵͷһμ棬һϤȴҪ
ӳЩ£ӵˣϤĻʱȻΪĮЩӳˣҲΨˡ
ʱĿƽһۣԼվŻʵ̨ס
ӳﰲЩȹСںͷ߳š
ҹˬ԰ķЯһһ͹ӳʱĽŲĿȴ½ǵĻϣ߹յ߶һƮÿ
ӳ
ߺȻһͰӳһ㶣ʶ̧ͷ
ʵۻͷһۣЦЦ,ָŲԶͤȥɣЩ㡣
ʱĿԼ½ϣ΢΢ü۾ҲЩ⣬ڿʲô
ʵЦſԼӣҡͷ·ߣӳ
ӳæŮңŮԼ߾ͺã̫ӵ롣
ʱʵҲó⣬ӳԼҪôɱҪôֱӾͱˡ
ԼĻκ⣬ʵȴȻЦԼߡԼҲá
ӳ࣬治Ǹʲô˼ʵ۽ĻЦΣףʡ
ʱüʡ
޿ʲôû˵ʵ۶ֻŽɫã˵˵ˡ
̸䣬ߵͤ˷ֿ£ɫĹͱ˲ˮģɫ紵ţӳһ飬İЩ
ʵ۶յӳЩڼ꣬ĺ𣿡
ӳ˶٣֪
˸ĸĴڣȻòˣ˵ãʵҲûŰֻǲǿˡ
ҡáӳģ͵ңеĶҲûٹҵġ
ʵβĴ̾ٶʣʵðȥ㣬ƵĽһ·û۸ɣ
ӳæҡͷûУ˺ܺãһ·϶չҡ
ô˵Ӧûɣ
ӳСʱһۡ
㲻˵ûʵҡͷ޻֪Ҫǻչˡ
мֺɸֵĸо
ʱĿеľյ˵
ˣ˵ЩˡʵͻȻĿڣӳǸõطҲȥģ꽭ϵĺȥ𣿵޺㸸ײཻڴ˴˰ݽ塣
ЦЦһΣʮҲˡ
ӳʢ֮꣬˵
ں£ȷȥӳǸĵ
ڼЩ꣬ÿÿŶֻŮûӳʲô¶ص֣һûȥÿնֻԼԺӵһĶֵػơ
ʵɫãǲ𣿡
ӳţһŲ㣬Դ㣿
ӳȻſڣȴû


 7 

ֻ˵һ仰ˣʵľ϶ãڼ֮ʱȷʵ֪ģ
ʵ̣۵㲢֪⺮Ǽʢ㸸˵˲ȥ˴
ƫƫӳûȥţ۱ĵط
ǶԷ޳ϮȼľλΣԴĹŮ
ӳĬ
ԭ˰ÿδóţߵѹǲ֪ͷ飬굽ʲôģӳȷá
ʵ̾һ
ӳ̧Լϲš
ЦƯ۾ǳǧͷģҸϲһ˴ţһ˿дд֣Ҳܸˡ
ʵ۲ÿɷͤĳӣصĺɻƮڵƹˮ٣ÿ
ãЩˣӳȥɡ
ʡʱڣ
û飬ɵ֮ȴǴˡ
ʵ۳ҡҡ֣أһ˾
ʱͣƬ̣һ̷Ĺ˹ţĿתӳ߰ɡ
ӳɵص˵ͷȹߣԶ˻ͷһۣͤľƬɻ
ӦǺѹİɡӳ룬˵ʵۺ͸ǰ˰֮ͬ㣬ĹŮ࣬ʯĳҲûѹġ
ǡ
ӳרעضŽµ·
ôѹҲֻѹѡʮˣʳδ˹Ĺ˴νô˳ûɽ
ߡûʵ۵˼ʺôҽһ
棬档
ͺ̫⣬ⲢΪԼĿɽúûȥ
ֻԼ
ʱǰͷŲȣһһ̤԰͹ƽʯ·ϣ¹µĽŲޱȡ
ӳͷŲЩϣĳıӰŬ¡̫ӵ¡
ʱͣ½Ų£
ܲһĿǽͺһġ
ʱĿϣĬȭͷʲô
ӳüѲԼһ˵ĲҪһ飿
˵ܲߵһҸĲӡӳ̧
ʱš
ķ˽Ų
ӳ˿ĽŲǰߣҹ˵μˣ͸ҹеĹһ㣬û֡
ǰͦεӣӳƢ̾ڵ¡
ʱͷһۡ
ӳţûһ£ˣ
ڡ
ŶӳҲ䵭Ըȫ»϶ãܸԼ˵仰Ͳˣ£׼ʲôʱȢװ
ʱ·Ӳһ£ӳ־ԼĴΪ䵭ķʣθɣ
ȷ޹أҲʣ۳˼ҲԼ˵ӳ˱죬ųĬˡ
ξΰɣεҲԼһˡ
˵ؼһƬžĽŲһһƬžУʱͷͷȻ˿ڣأ
ӳã̧ͷңʲô
һŷӦʱǽʵģʱס
ӳƲֵýż˲棬Լ˵˲㰡Ҫµİš
޸˭ʲôʱޣôޣ˵ȫ㡣ӳҲΪʲô˵Щɾ̲ס˵һģ¡
ʱĬƬ̣
ӳ̾һʵŹ̫ӵµͷ
𣿡ʱڷܡ
Ҹĺ¶֪ô˵ͷȫǺ˵ġ
ڼʱӳ֪ţƢؽ͵ǰɡ
ӳƫͷţʱôλ̫ӵµģףòס
ʱ˷¶Ĵ˵ôû˵
¶Ҫ˵˵ˣӳҲûǸ߶ֻҵʱΪûô׵ģ˭뵽̶̰£ڵӡ
ͽ
ͬұһ£һʱ֮䶼սսҵﳯ͢Ǹӹţ볯͢⡣
Ҳ֪ĸ˲⣬˵볯͢Ǹ÷ӣŮ뾩ó͢ĳ⣬ȻͲṥˡ
¶̸˼꣬ȵӳʮ꣬͢飬ԸŮ뾩
Ȼˡ
ɣʱȻãӳҲû˵ֻµʱĺεȥң˵Ӣţǳ˿ɼ
˵̫ʵ˿ûαܵ˼ÿֵĿ޶ʵС
ʱͷڵü۶
ʵĹ֣Թɵؿ㣬գһգ۾ܰĸڻ
ʱͷӣһ˫ƯգգգգգĲʱĬĬջĿ⣬һֱǰ
ɳޱȡ
Ų಻ͣǰߡ
ӳȴƷʲô˲飬ס䣺¡
ʲôʱĿǣԼϡ
˫ֺһϸ޳۰𪡣
ӳЦЦָָķ򣺡ôܽǱߣ
ڹгէ֪·ôߣһ·߹·λʱߵķ򣬷ͱۡ
ʱ˶٣Ŀ΢ת·
˵㲻ӳֱǰߡ
ӳԹӦˣ߱ߵ˹ˣǲͬķ򣬾Ȼ·ô𡭡
סڡʱ


ҡӳҭһ£ĬĬ
˼ټ磬ĳˡ
ﲻλ̫ү˼˵ʲôʲô
ӳ̾
߹հ˹գžʱоʱļܽʱӳѾá
ܽſڹŴĵţſȴһ˶ûУŶš
ʱɫ˳
ӳ
ܽɹ¶ǻʺˣɿѹƲס֪˭⡣
δȹ˴ţоʵ̫ˡ
ӳǰһţŮ̫ĻЦڶȴһ˻Ӧ
ڡ
˵ǹӳζŵġ
Ŀתʱڸмʵ۵İţʱŹǼ¶Ͳ֪ôˡ
ʱֱۣˡ
ӳ˼ֱ̧ţλĻ̫ӽһ˫սѥʵЬ׷⣬Ϣ
ֻ̧׾ٵߵϣƲѴ֮ȴضɽҡ龰
--
һ졣
ڹдϰľžͱ£ΡΡſϣ׹׹
һھͷˡ


 8 

¶߸߹ҹУģյڵȼܻѬ졣
ӳСʱ߽ȥĬͷˡ
Ŀɿڴ߽Ķˣһʱ֮˷Ӧ
ʱĿɨǣϣֻ߳ģ˲ȴ伸֣Ҫ˻
Ǵȵ죬ӳЩ䣬ֱۡ
ʱĿɨĬسŴȥӳĹ˵ϡ
ɺòײųסкಽߣͷ͵Ĳٵ͡
ڻʱģսսڵϣͰ͵ūūţݡݼ̫ӵ£ݼ
ʱλˣͷ˵ɡ
ͷһ±һ󣬡ūž޵֮ģݹ⣬Ըģ
ݱæϥǰūֻǸȹŮĶ֧ʹöĪҪѪˣ
ǶȹŮ٣ˣ̻ʺĶȹŮ˵˻ʺҲӣ
ʺԿٰշǧ谮֪ôҷչ˿Ǿľиô飿
㡭˽Կ֤׿Ҫһ֪ǹеĹ£ūžԣ
ū򲻸ң
ʱֻ˵֣ݺɶ˱˺һҧĴϷ
ϧý룬Ҳ֪¶˶Ѳ˸ϵһʺĹŮһܽĹ¶˵һԸ⣬žͲܹϡ
ҧҧȥƤ򣬵ɵӺŪ
ӳһƢȴײִȴʵѹֲסڴǹĻȣѹƲסԼеĳ
ūţˣ۸ˣ
ʱûһ߻ģӦ𣬺ȫֻһ˹԰ҹ
Ȳ˾ܴܽſŵ⡣
պھ㣡һž͵ñǵĹǧ𵱳Ц
ǣԼ˹ڴ⣬Ц
ĺһ㣬ظҹĻǵȶ֮ˣܻ!
Щˣֻ˵һûֿԸ̫𣬻ܵõӵļνһĺ⡣
ӳףʲô˶񶾣Ҫأ
ɺڳ֣ãʱסڡ
ƽƽ֣ɺݲٿڣηؿսսŴá
ʱĮȻʮȥ̷췣
ɺϵѪɫǼ価ʣֻ²԰׵Ƥ
˵ǲˣͬģɿߵ,ūʹˣʵڰסʮ̣¡
˺ѷεĿУ侲£ūǻʺˣ´ū澣Ƿøʺ˵һ
¾㴦ū澣ûʺĶ飿
ץס˾ݣһһ㣬ֱ׳ֱʱӡ
ʱвûǾȥʺ󡣡
ɫ䵭԰Ҳһǡ
ӳһʶȥס֣¡
ڰɣ˽ʵۺͻʺԵЩˡ
ʱȴ޷ӦָڰһûҪȥ˼޹ء
ѵ˵˾䳤ˣΥԵá
ʱȿ˿ڣ˭Ҳӣ¾˴Ҵææܳȥ
˺óʱ䣬ܽſһŭ𣺡ô¶
̫ӵ¡
ʡʱվߵſӭӸס
ʵɫͰЩŷ߽üͷԽšԽŹԺӵĹˣ˺£
ԼĶԼ£ԼȻԼһˣзɵԵɡ
Ȼʺˣһ档ʱ롣
ʵü⡣
ӳͷ˵ԼͷһվȲҲ֪ʵۻοԼ
᲻ͼһԼħͷ˸ĸӲ֮ˣ֮
ֵһʺŵصļҳѣȴۣ֬߱߿ԣ⡭ôˣ
м𾪡
ʵۿʱô¶
ʱĿϣᣬæͷףˡʺˡūŹðū
ðʵۼ𾪣ŭǶԿ˺£
տǰȥ磬ݹȻҪūŹϴţū˵δ飬ܹšϸϸݹ˵ǻʺּ⣬ҪǹϴŸһٲҫ
ūŲԸֲҵʺֻ֮÷Сʹͷū˺ȴʵð½
£ԲʵҲŵˡ
ʵĿϲŭ
ʺԼ²һ֮ʡ
δ䣬ʵֱߵ¯Ѿڻʺűߣ̶ĻʺĿԲһʱ֮˷Ӧ
ʵŭҪչӳչ˵ģ
ʺڵϣ˿¿檵ǲòΪԼ⣬δԸôδҪ
ĨĨ᣺Ǹģ檸ĸǹкѣΡλẦ
¿Թ檰ŵĲãʶ˲壬ԩ檡
˵
ʵ۵ĿŭƺЩӳͷ˵ɫȻ˼ͬķޣìܣȻҪŻʺ
˵һǧһ򣬽ֵĶȵӣ˵ֵܵŮˡ
ܵĴίҲֵֻϻʺ
ʱ۾΢תݶײɵ൱س͡
ŻʵۣĿ⵭Ȼڻʺȴֻδᡣ
ӳĬĬ°ڣ̾˵˭Լһ㣬ҲʱˡȻͳַˣÿìܵʱܹ鶼ڻԼ
ӳѹ׻öôʧܣõǸǴҶηˡ
˵˶
ӳɵ̾һ
ʵ۶˶٣ﷺɱ⣬Ȼײ㣿
ɼ״æϣݹ˵ǻʺˣ̫ӵ´ҪʹʺûǸʸ̫ӵ²ºͻʺģ
⻰ʵ϶ЦݣЦź⣬乵ģ˾֡
˵⹬££̫ӲɴõģʲôҲʵۿݣʺ㹬оū𣿡
ʺ֪һ⣬ŵȶˣڵϵʵ֪檽Ӳ̹ûԼˣǳ檵Ĺ½
Ȱʮʵ۱ۣǻţ͵¾֣ⱲӶ
𾪵ĵɴۣһסʺȹڣʺңʺū澶ǰķԸġ
ʺɸֵؿ㡭㡭Ǹõģǰ̷ˣǱϹۣ
ʺ󡭡
ݵĺڿ.
ʵۿɣ㵡·ϣǴ
ū
Ǿͺáʵ۱ۣʮȥ乬ɡ
ūлݵ³ҲٶԣֻͷߵףҰ㱻ȥ
ܽڱĹˡʵ۶˶٣·ϵǴӷÿʮȥ췣
ʺԣ¡ȫ𷣣ô죿
аšʵʺȻӲãͻţúùܹԼĹˣ顭
·ģ檶ϼӹ̣ܽٲس¡
ȥɡʵ۱ۣӻ֣ܽ飬аš
µİŵȻǼõģ޲ġʺ΢΢һЦԵĹŮվ檸ˡ
ʵۿӳ̾Ϣһίˡ
ӳһҡҡͷºγԣŮί
ˡʵ۲˵ʲôҶ㣬򡭡
̾ްߵĹŮ㣬ܽպв˳ĵģ˵˵ɡ
л¡ӳ΢΢һЦŮס
Ʒŵ־粢δʲôӰ졣
飬ʵʲôģڼЩ꣬Ҳûйˡ
ҡӳջ˸֪ǰ˶ٱ
۾ʱϡ
һȥȣױȵİȫС
һ飬ԸΪӳѾˡ


9

򾲾ȼţƻӳԵ̫侲ôɣ޲ֵģʵ۷֪˵ʲôźá
Ż˵Ҫչ˺۸ȴûӳͷǸףʵԸϻġ
ӳãӦԹ£ɡ
ʵ۱˱ۣ㡭
ʣҹˡʱĻ
˵ȥû壬ȻѾùˣǾ͹ȥɡ
ʵ۶˶٣˳̨ˣ˵ǣʱЪϢˣˡ
һ̶
Ůͱ¡ӳǷʱһͬ뿪תϣĬĬס۾
˳ָ
ټǿˣҲѹ
ʳǸûʣ˭ţԭΪʺֻԼƸӣȴԭԼĶĻҪ
峿ʵĹŮ㵽ܽʮµĹˡ
ӳţʵλùγƺ
һùáǹŮʩ񣬼º͵ūɣݼ
ˮܽأǸ֡ӳЦҡ
ɷūˡɵū澷µʮϻĹ˸պвģֻ𷣡
л¡ӳЦЦҳէԻʹһŲ֪ҪͷΪָԽ򡣡
뽲ū֪޲ԣ޲
磬ʺ糤ӣλǺε
ӳֱʳӵĻ⡣
˭֪꿤뾩Ϊջʺ糤һһͣҪӡ
װ󣬼飬û˿塣
ɵӻģǽ֮ӣǱ°ӣʮҪԵĻٲܱȡ
ƷԸȴֲֻᡣ
ū澵ģȻ˵Ƿǣû˵ڵĻӳµõ
ԭˡӳ˶٣ʣлѡ
ڹ˵ϻֱԵӵĻֻʺġ
ӳѹջʺἰӣڳȴһδ
ԭλʺ̫ǿƣֵ˼ҲҸۡ
ӳ̾Ϣһ
ӡ⡱̾Ϣ˭֪Ǻ⣬º͵̫ģδ˼ʥּ˭֪ᷢʲô
ӳ۾΢΢˹â˵öԡ
ױǰԼһ֧ӣõⱦԵԵԽס
ɶ̾Ϣڹжʮ꣬󹬼ǧˣɫ翤ģֻˡ
ӳһţ
ˣ
ӳڼòЩ껹Ϲƾ֮ˡ
΢΢һЦǹȥˡ㲻ٶԡ
ױţɵȥ԰߰ɣէҲʶʶˡ
һƬģӳղʶɹǽȻһֱʶǲ֪ˡ
áӳӦˣվҼ԰ϻȥǱ߿ɣڼԺҲһԺӺϻ
˵ϻ̫ӵµĶáϸͣϲϻֻӵǱ߲ö֣̫ӵµĶһƬڿá
ǰϻáӳ̾һҳʱ򣬻տء
ϷıȾһ뿪ʱԺϻոտʼ죬Ƕһһϼˡ
ߵ԰ֻڽг˼ϻļá
ӳͷεĻ꣬ڽժһƬ
ǵĺϻ겢ûʲôͬһģһĻһģһֻص˼С
ιʲô
ӳԼߺȻһŭ˵
ʶعͷȥɷڸǰǸ꣬½ڣüԣһˬضӳתͷʱǹӲˬɲǼ䱻ɢֻһɾޡ
ҡӳ˶٣ɡ
֪ʲôˣܸ˽
΢΢Ƿū澼ӵ£°á
ӡʱģ
ҹʱ򣬻ʵۺͷŵλûλ
ӳһ㶣æʩ˸񣺡Ӱá
ʲôˣ°ͣζЦļҵС椶Ǹʵ³裿
ԡüλǼ꿤
꿤´ӳ޵Цж˼ĲмǸ˶ĸ˵Ҫ޸ңһ⣬֪ôӦ˵ġ
⻰ˣӳ֮֮ȥ
ӳ򴽣鲻£ȸǡ
˶òڶҰɣӵɵҸ㣬Ů˶ǣҪĻûòģţҾ󸸻ʸͻ飡
ֺǺǵĸ֣Ҫ㳤úÿƾ˸ĸĸԸȢ㣿


10

ӳ̣Ŀڽʹ޲ȥһơ
סֱۣ
̬Ȳ
ǻʵ۵İӣܾǧ谮ڹͷȴ̫⣬ֻó裬費糤糤༸竡
Լ糤ҪôǰеģҪԼδ߳԰
ӳ˶٣ץɵ֣߰ɡ
ٸӾ
ʲôߣںͷһקס·ϵƮЦ㱾һ棬ͷߡ
ӳŭŭӿһƬհףʶ˦˳ȥ
ž--
ص԰С
ӳ񣬴Լ֣Լͨİӡ嶸Ȼһ飬ʼ
Ҳˣӳֿӣӳߡ
˱»ߣҿǲײĲᣬȪ֪
в֮⾡ԡ
ʱһӶû˴Ǹ𷣣ҲǼ½߰ˡ԰Լҵĵ̶ȴһơ
裬ưոݡ
ӳҧأ֪֮±زˣɴҲͲװˣǿͷЦײĲᣬǵÿ˭Ĺײˣ
սĹӳڼκˣ䳰ȷѲɻ˲
һС򴽽ǡ
ӵ¶
ǣ֣׾ٽǰӳҧźӲģҶȻᡭ
ôӴĻס°ͣһƯСʱҵĻôھôڡ
Цɭֲţⶼҵģ
˵ţһգݺݽӳˤڵϡ
ϸ׵ĲڵϣһʹεʺѪɫ
ӳץסԼֱۣصʱģϴľʹԽ侲
æ˹
Ͷ˵ӾӸվţЦ°ͣȻϲ´㣬ʱ򶨲ʧģԹԵŶ
ԹԵŶ
󼸸֣˵һëȻĿ־塣
ӳһڵϣüĿʹָץŵϵذ׵ָȾϻҳģ˶ͬһưܵľϧ
֪˶ãȻһϻ۾ɡ
Ӽһӳ֪Լһ·ֻʱ⡣Ĳ𣬾ʱ̫磬ûüӡ
Ͷ·ʹֻԼ֪
ô඼ܷ˻һ䲻ף׷ˣζԵסĸǧƴĶ£
ôѣҲҪȥ
κ˲ӳԼӵʣ˵Ķİɡ
ֻҪȥˣʵ۾һӦ
ɵ΢ó裬ȴλԵĻ¡ûǰޣֻҪϲͺá
ӵݵλôҪ
ԣʺղֱӸԡӵó裬ȴĸ׵Լ̳лλҲˣŸóɡ
ӳ
ɿ歵¶־飬ЩҲֻȰ˵֪ܾʢ裬ù
ӳһ̫ӵأ
˭
̫ӵ£ӳʣ̫ӵأ
̫ӵϲģȫġҡͷ̫ӵ䵭һˣʲôϲʲôҪ
̾סӳէ֪ǳūֻһ仰Ȼʺ겻ϲƯŮӣ˵̵̫ӵ£ɫŮӽΪ
̫ӵ³֮꣬·ݺݺ࣬ǵĹŮûһϲģ˭⣬񶼲һ
ˡ
ùģʵΪѵĺܣ¿;ɫݣ˿ɼҲܴ򶯱ɽġ
ӳ翣ߣȴƴңԶĵطһ̾
԰ɡ
˵
ô֪أ
ļ޸λӣֻ֪ôģҲ
˼ʢ¡صһӣӳֻǸ޸ĸĹŮԼĶӺͽֵܵŮʵۻѡһߣýҲ֪
ӳǸˡ
¡ʲôı䲻ˣŬȪ·ϼ˸ĸҲܶ
˵һ䣺ֻΪ
ûŬ
һ󴵹ŸָĻ㣬ӳǳǳһЦͷŽ£ȵߡ
Լȴ
Ŀ⿴ȥ΢΢һϣ
ӳͷš
һֻСϣűԼߵĺܼѣȴһֱǰߡ
·Ͼܶϰлвп͹һϸϸĲݸ˵һ־޴Ŀ顣
ȥӳЦΣο˺
Ҫֻȥɡɹ˼ŹеĹأҶ£ֻĽ޷Ǿˡ
ʲôأ
Ҳǰˡ
಻ԼʲôƳ棬ǰŮʱϧʮأòŮʤȴǲһġ
Ķһ˵ܹҪȥϧ
Цӳ̷ұǿ̴ӣĪҲӡ
ΪΣӳʡ
ΪΣ
á
һЦӳͷԼѣģʵһͱ۸ˡ
˶٣ͷʣʱ̫ӵӦڶɡ


11

ɳӳͷÿ糯󣬶ضʱ͸ûȥˡ
ӳȥ
ƣԼ۸ĶҰһģþɡ
ǲɡҡҡͷ°ʾӳһ򣬵ǴռҴ
ռҴӳȥֻŮЯֶһɫĺȹ԰ˣͿҪǸǰˣϵãһȴš
ɿٵռҴǻʺֶŮǱ¿õ̫ѡǶӦҪȥġ
ӳһתתԼվȥ
Ƽλչ߹Цӳô
ݼ
ˣλǼ꿤ӳչܣתͷüۺЦӳұ硣
缫أǷ񣺡ݼ
һɶׯ󣬲֮
ѹֻʵۿֹ̫ȣȷһ֮ĸķ緶
ӳæסչɷˣ򵱲չһ񡣡
Ī£ʲô֮˵ݼݼģԵ̫ˡ
ӳຬЦӦˣû仰еķ̣Ͼղ˵ݼ
Ӧˣתͷӳȴ΢΢üôˣѲǹ˵
ûе¡ӳЦԼСˤһӣչ￴Цˡ
ô᣿æᡣ
һƬγɾǰףѵǸأ
ӳЦǶλҪȥδ
ȥϷЩΣ̫̫ӵͶҪһͬǰ
ӳ˾ȹֿԼǱģЦˣҾͲȥˣýŻȥѣչߡ
ɿ
ȻܹȥΪβȥ
˵ԼǱ˺ÿǴɲءȻֻҪվǶòѹȺƵƵ絽ǰҲʧ˺Щɫ
ӳ򴽣һͬȥʲôأ
ƫͷһЦЦȻףŮ˶Ż
㲻ӳԼȹڣ̳ܽȥ˶˾ͱζˣû˼
е飬ֻ˵ʱ
Ѿɽˮĵزÿ¶ҪƾŲԼ
ϲʱһҪ̶ֳȣԼŹȥǰװӰˡ䲻ʡ͵ĵƣ֪պᱻʲôģ
粻ȥҲȱһλᣡ
صܽѣӳڴǰϣֽддŮ̩붼ǲʶֵģɸ˱ڰϣдʲô
ӳЦŽֽ𻰣ȥݼ̫ɡ
ƾһƷݣʸȥݼ̫ģǲ֪̫ϲϼ
̫
ֱ̫ӵ¾Ե̫Ĳˣ̫ӵ̫̫˼ǲŽȻӳһЦԿɡ
̫˵ġε糤⣬κ˰ݼҪԵ֡
ӳףջʺҪ׼ʱ䣬мԲضԡ
ûзӰ룬ȥʵ۴ͻ飬һյ飬ûǸһڸ㶨ʱܵ뷨һϡ
԰ɡ۳һŵֽһԵ¯ͷһһȼճɻҽȫ¯Ƕ߰ɡ
ٹǰЦŵС̫˸ɰǿ̫밲ͷͨһ
밲С̫̬ȻãȴЩΪѣ̫ùžͽСãһӲųء
ǿ
ŰɡӳǳЦþ̫
Ȼ˵Ҳû˻Ϊȥ̫󣬵˵һܹǺõġ
ֵԼĪһӣС̫ǧūͽȥͨ
ӳվţɡ
֪̫᲻ôأǿϼֻ᲻Ӧ
˱ۣӳܳС̫࣬Σ
̫뿤ȥС̫̫鲻ãСŵ
ӳһۣ䴽һЦл
Ǹѵõĺˣ»ǵһ䣬ѾǷǳǳѵõˡ
߽̫ճӵڣ̫ЪϢſŰӣȴһϯо̴֣ζȰһ̫˵ĸо
ӳЦ񣺡Ů̫밲Ը̫ﰲ򸣡
̫Ŀƹʵ𣿡
ŮѧһͨƤë
ԡ̫еİӸһĵض֣Ӯˣ͡
ӳС߹ȥ̫£ͷ塣
ռϷ磬澫ɣƣӱѹĺ޻ֵء
񲻹ôһ֡
ӳһźӣȥȴס֡ӳ̧ŸԼϵֻ֣̫
̫ǿźӴʣмɰӮ
һɶûСӳʵ
㻹밧£
ԿɣһӮأӳüĿᶨҪԵġ
̫еĺϣһ죬ҵɢԭģ
ӳ˶٣ؿ
Ƣԣ㸸ףҲĸס̫Ȼ񰧼ңҵŮϧˡ
ٹν£
ҡĿ⣬ӳ񣬡̫ŷ̡
̫ԥش˵ʵ
ӳ̾˶ȥʱ㻹ûĪҪҴǻѾͷúÿϲģɱԼûˣ
ӳĬƬ̡
κ󣬻Ȼ̫űߡ
̫˵ɡ
Ů޸ӡӳߵף侲̫ӻ
Լ֣̫ȻˣͷҪץסλ᲻ɡ
̫תͷŴĿԶұӻһʱӻһ
Ļ¹غʼҺ׽ǰҲܶ˵ʲô̫ҵڶҪһʵۺͻʺСȥǾʧƫˡ
ȫǰҵҵһͬʣΪͷ
ԣ󣬰ҲܴӦ
Ůֻ̫ӻһʱաӳٵ飬ŮԻ뷨ӡ
ǡƾʲôҪӻ㣿̫ʣƾʲôأ
ǰƾʲôأ޹ʵġ
̫ԣֻǸ޸ĸģûļֵ
ӳĬˣֻڵĬĬߵףӰڽ£
ˡ̫ҡҡ֣㣬ԵβԸ޸СΪͷĴ𣿡


12

ӳӲкʣ糿԰ӡ
֪ΪΣӳ޵ĳ嶯ɬһһǣźʹúʲôסƵġ
̫˽Լ 
ֻ˵һ䣬Ҳܹ󵽷˺¡
С裬绹Щֲ̫̾Ūϵӣ۸ˣ
۸ӳֻ˵ҪҵŰˡ
⻰ԽƽԽˣڹ棬û˺´³ְ̨ϵìܣֵһᡣ
˿־ģ˵вԶ벻Էʲô̶ȡ
ָ̫һ٣ȴת˻⣬ʮǰҲи˹ڰҸǰҪҴӦͱµĻԼ
ӳ̧ͷΪἰһ޹¡
һˣԸҲҪ޸ǸˣҲϴӦɱҷԼİ˫˫ɡ
ǡ̫Ӧ𣿡
Ӧˡ̫ʵۿధ󣬰ҲӦҲôӦǸʱģࡣ
̫ЩҲǿһ
̫Ȼͣס㿴ңЩ£ܰǰ¶
̫
ڴٹҳдɡ̫Ҹʱ䣬ľԼ
ӳϲ⣬ϲ֮ϣϲõл̫
¡£һԵġ
ӳȭͷ
ӳ̫֣㲻֪˭𣿡

ӳͷ֪
Եβʣ
Ϊף̫˵ž͸ˣ̫ﲻ˵ʲ
ӳ̫һ죬ʡ
̫鶯õüֲۣ񡣡
ӳ̧ü
˵ĸ׳úȴĶࡣ̫ҡҡͷ㸸ס
ӳ˶Цһ㣬Ҳǵõģˣ˶˵ĸףû˵ס
ĸס̫𽥴Ȱһͨ˼ҵĳѽͷ۵ĺӣ¶ܰɰʵס
ǰŮµۣزС
ǰ䣬ҲнŮʱȴһֱǰصģаء
ӳͷЦˣ˵ĸ׹ǶŮܾ谮Ӧ鲻ͬ
̫Ȼ
ǰĸܾ谮ȴֻһ˹ڼ꣬޸ĸĺӣɲǳɳĸһ㡣
̫̿ȵüۣƫͷһԵ¯̴ţģ˫ۡ
ӳˣȥ߱һ꿤ųˣ¶ǡ
ǡ
°ɡֿ̫ӳ̾ϢһȳһŸҿ̫ˣò֡
ӳдһСƯֽϣ뻮һĴСȥʮʡ
̫վţصͷ
ддţʱֱ㵽ˣ̫˷ʱ˽ͨ˵̫ӵºｫˡ
ǽ̧̫ͷͷȣ
Ķ㽿ĸҲ߯СˡһЦʱۣһ̤ͬš
Ƽж˸Ů˽ŲһµͣƬ̡
ĸ
ӳдһֺ֣Ϊҳ̫ڽͣ°ɣԹû
δʱ
͵ĸ䷹أĸʳһۺЦĸɱ
ڳʱγĶԱȣ̶̼仰̫Ļŭš
ӳˣ̫ӵ£ｫ
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ӳС̧ͷʱйݣɵô˸
ʱſӵһ٣΢䵽ķջȥ
ӳĬĬͷͷԹԳԷ
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ӳ׷
Ȼͦܰġ
̫Цҡҡͷ
ʱ̧죬Է
䵭ɣӳȴúͱʱ򲻴һ
ԳԳԡ̾״¸ϻؼҲˣĸ
ҺʱΥֹµּ⣿̫յ鰧Ѿ˵ˣȻʺ󲻾·ûƢڲԣҲ÷
ۣĪŰƢãƽϾͺΪ̫üȣͲ룿
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ȥ˵ǰҵ˼ʡ£ºϴԼŮ̫һ棬УȥȻʺ
ءʱ
̫֪ȣĸȣ粻һ⣬պ˶Ҫ۸㣿
ĸʱЩˣҲԽ˵Խû۸ҡ
ӳ̫糤Ȼʺ󲻺ͣŮΪǲҪǿˡ
СЩģ̫е
糤߲û֪ĲϣȻʺ֮鲻ʹ죡
ʱҲȥԼĸ׵ۡ
̫ӳһۣ˵Ķԣˣĸ
һһŮ߶ȫͻί
ȻһӣǿɣܼȴҲвҡĸ֡
סʱ
ûжĻ
̫ˡ
ӳ˿ڷ˵̧ۿʱһۣȴԷڿ
Ŀԡ
ӳһƫͷ
ۿôˣɱӲˣ
ûСӳϸϸش𣬡ǡǺˣû¶û¶
ۻɵؿ̫Ҳȥи̫ҽ
ʱڶ¡
һ̫


13


⻰ûʲôҪģϡƽֵ֣ø
Ҫ˵ˣ
̫ʱ龪ȡ
ӴСܲ˵;죬˵һֵʱ򣬼ὲڶ֣˵飬һŶᡣ
ӳѾͷΣƢ̧۸˲𣬽˵˻
̫һʱҲӳȻ˵ʲô
ʱ治ɫ¡
Ȼظһ顣
̫Ϊϲ˵¾¡
ӳ̧ͷ̫ɫãʲô¶Ϊ̫ˣ
ԷԷ̫Цк,ðռǸѾͷ֣źòã
ӳһ٣ԭ糿԰͵ֶģʱϲ
á
ǾͺãСϲԣԸŷ׼õģŸ˰Ҳ͸ˡ
ӳ򴽡ôôģԼĿζһǲûпˣ
ţ۴ЦҲ֣ĸôң
ţֲŰҡ̫Цŵ˵ԴҵʣӳѾͷϲ𣿡
ӳҧҧЦţҲϲ
ô˵أ˵ϲĻ˸ԶˣԺ˵ĽڶûУֻӲͷƤϡܹҲԲˡ
ʱһ٣۾ϡ
ȴЦһ·ûſˣ
ｫӳҡµŮҴϲʳģֻϲĶ࣬Բͻԡ
˵ŻȴʶܿʱĿ⡣
鵭ģҲû˿仯ȴܸһֱȫ̿ѹȸС
ӳһʱҪҴĸо
̫ЦųһĹ֣ȻϲǰҾһЩȥˡ
ȥԸŷ
л̫ӳӳм
ӡ̫ҡҡͷĶȻˣڶֳ谮ãֻ̫ˡ
ĸ˵ǡ۵˿ɲһݣһ·¶ûʶ
ˣ˵˵̫߳ӳŮңϤʲôĹú;еСŮǶֲǡ
ðˡڵţҲʡ۸
̫̾ȴûͬȫ飬ֻɵӰ
Ϊһ̾ۺʱ̧Ϊηһֻ̾ӳ΢΢ͷ
ӳԸŰ𣿡
̫Ů𡣡ӳüĿγЦʱһȪ
̫Դ
䱾˼˭֪ǺǻλȥǸˣϲʱ̫ǿü˼
˵䲻ģɵ˶˽ġ㲻ẦԼҲܰԼġ
ӳԾûô
ΪİȥʱݣԻһʼͲʶҶİˣҲûʲôѹ
ǳǳЦţӳţ·Լߵģܿʲôأ
̫˵ԼԵġ
̫صͷЦƢŶ԰ҵθڣúõˣʲôҪأ
ӳʵͦģԼ˵ֻ˵ҪԼߣˣĵȴſʱ
ôһ룬Щѹ
빬Լ˭᲻أֻ޴ûˡ
ӳţ̾Ϣһϼ˶
̫ôˣ
ӳӵתһȦԼȲ˼Цˣͣһǰ¶ЩЦ
˵۵ġ
ӳһ٣һᣬʱϲڱĽڣôһ˵Ҫ³δ̫Ϊˡ
Ϊѵüδü˵.
ʳԡһĮѵʱĿۡ
Ŷ̾ʮΣôôأ
ʱɻؿ
˵̫ӣ̫ģŵ̫㽲ǿǺãһĵģһȰô͵
ʱȱȱתͷ
ӳգգۣգգۣƯ۾ԥ
ǵһˣʱΧ
Į飬ӳЩ룬ʱǲǡ
˶٣СֿһʱɶԷʵ̫Įˣһɲ䣬ʲô
Щ٣ˣǸ˻ǲˣɡ
ӳ̾γ˸ۣûз
źΧһ˵˻̫˸ǷҸЪˣǸԻȥɡ
ĸЪţȸˡ۵
̫˵ͷǽӳͻȥһ˿Ͱ͵ģߴ·ˡ
ӳɴǳ˳飬һʱ֮侹ȻԼڹʮ궼ǰ׻ˣظܽߴ·
̫磬ֻȥ
۵ĸľǣһͻȥ
̫ͷˡ
˴ٹ̤԰۾ֱһ
ţӳȻüǲǱ߸һЩ
ʱĿ΢һԲǰͷŵ΢΢
۳ָķЦ㿪ʲôЦ෴ķԽԽԶ
ӳʶʱĮȻü˳˼
ҹʱ˵߸ѵҼǴˣ
Ӧð
ЩãСԵıûУ·;ıһһģܶิӵĵΣֻҪ߹һ飬ǡ
ѵȻСС԰﷭ˣ
ʱһĮȻɣҲ˵ѻˡ
ӳԽãظ۳ǰߣԽԽãôܼǴأǴʱ֣ҲܼǴ·ġ
ô¶Ѳҹû߹Ǹβɣ
ã̫ף¶ϣЦʣôˣ˭Ǳ߸ģ
ӳҡҡͷûûУҼǴˣҹ̫ڣҼǴˡ
һ䣬񿴵ʱ˿û仯ɺʱƵȴԲһˡ
ƭԼ𣿿ΪʲôҪƭԼأӳָɫá
ѵ
һ󵨵뷨
ʱǸˣ˾ȶʱӳԼǷǳŵģ˵ʱҲѿԵŮˡ
ӳ΢΢΢Ц˵ˣ̫ˡ
һЦοʲôէǴ·ģĸŽ㣬ȫˣҪʲô
ӳ˵ԼȷȫˣֻһЦͷߡ
ȴһֱ۲ʱĶ
Ҳ֪Ŀ̫㣬ʱһֱڹ۲ӳûһСͷ
˵Ŀڿײ


14

Ŀԣ˽һ
ӳûоʧתͷЦ̿ĿУģ
ʱȴȽͷŤ˻ȥĿǰʲôӳԽȷҹƭԼ
ЦһЦ˪Ϲ⣬ûˣʹ˲ɵñ
ƼȭִһڵЦʲô
ӳЦݣº͵ûʲô
ŶŶŶףЦҴŻû¶ɡ
ȴҪΪ̫оû¶ˡӳһ޹ʵģʲô¶أ
ġ۵գǺհɡʱʱͷȷˣż˸ͺ磬ʱǵĹǧ𶼻ȥȥ¸ӣ㿴Σ
ӳ⡭𣿡
ʡʱ³֡
ԣֻͷǰˣûʲôʵģǳ͢Ŀݲͣʧ񡣡
ȻʧҲûӣǸܵˣⱻڸƾȻǸ˵ġ
ӳ룬ӦǾｫ
˵ţչһЦ
ȥҲͦõģǣ˶ʶи˽һ¾еĴС飬պڵˣǼõġ
ţ̫ʧ¶˳ˮ۴Ӧˡ
ʱӲɨһۡ
һɺƺӽŵ
һЦʢУ죬Ȼӣ䣬ĶĴ
ӳͷһЦ
ţ۳ž͵ܽӳҪ
۸æҡҡͷ˲ˣЪϢˡ
ԼٴһΣϽߣʡ˸ǰۡ
ۼʱŲۼֱ۵̫ӵ£ضɣкЩҪء
ʱƤһ߳ȥһһõģֺߵ
ӳ̫ӵ¡
һУʱŲ΢΢ң߲ԭɡ
ӳЦЩ
ˣܽӳϣʣɣҺҪȥᣬЩǧˡ
ˡɵҸ׼ΣÿѹȺ
ӳȻʧЦڼϵһͷƤһЦҾȥѹȺʱҲκˡ
š˴ӲںֻҪ㹻ɫ´УҲ㵹
ӳĵϻǴЦ⣬ױⶼҪǹˣԾе¶Ӧʱͬ˵һ˵ǵɣҲʡһĨڣ²֪
á
ºжͷϵķΣһڡ
ңǼΪԺյƵͬڽһʵĹ¡
Ǳµ׵ܵܣȨƺպվˣ˵ӦҲףܹͬܵϵ׽Ľݣ򲻿ɵġ
Ĵ˵ĴҲֻʣˡ̾⼸Ҿǳ֮ԺյǱǿϣϼʥϴɽǼȲĹֻϧõֻÿ֮ĸһˣڡûˡ
˵ϣͣһ£ӳɫ
ӳҲŹҵĹ֪ƼҼΪԺգԲԾֻ˵ͷЦҲȫûˣء
֣ȴҲƼѪ
ɼģ֣ܿ߶߶һҲϣԼҹйǾһһĸˣｫԼӡ
г¼ҺܼȨƹˣɿôڣᱻ۸ȥֻǰʹУǧŵ
λһžɫգݸǸ˶ᶯģĵҲҪ֮ȺŮӸĸĶԸⱻѹ޹⣬ֻºͺ֮󣬻ΪŮӵĹС
Ŀ΢ڶΪӳֻл̫һˡ
һȻ̫ӵ
ΪҪ޽壬ǵûϢĻӻסһǳ¶ˡΪǸеĻҸġ
λƯ޺뱾±ˣ׼ĿԼĶλ
˲á
΢΢һЦҲú£ʱҺһͬȥſģҰĵϣ˸¶Եĳϸȫ
ӳ˵ͷȴԵ¶бĳ𣿡
Ϊû


15

ɵʤշӻûüˡ
𣿡
ЦŰοӳｫ£òΪɣһĶ
ū澲²⣬ǰ˵뿤ֲ֪Ƣԣȥˡ
²˵ͨ
ۺʱһȥദ϶ϤһЩҪϢֻ
ˣ˳ˮ۸ӳһ룬ȫӣõĻʡ
ӳɵͷ
񾩳ҼһԿƢ˽⣬óȻţȰͺ֮뿤Ӿͻˡ˵ţȴЩǳ˼ҵĹﶼгʶˣô죿
һ˵Ļ
ӳΪҡҡͷСһ׮а취
û˴ԼȥǹһˣѵҪװĸ˫ȫģװģԼ顣ĸ˫ǾȺŮԼ޵£ûûΣ
ӳԼĴȥù
üĿЦͷ򣬲ոʲôʣ
ͼĿԼˣû͹ҾҲ֪ʲôáüǳУȥɡ
ӳЦҡҡ֣ش
ţƯСһţˮ۲ѣȻȥ̫ӵ¡
ӳһھΨ˱̫ӵºｫֲ׳ȥｫȻֻ̫ӵ¡
˵Ҳû
̫ӵĶǹӭ¶ˣȥʣҲʲ
ܸ̫ӵ°ŸദĻᣬҲԡ
ɲٶԣƫͷӹ·
·
ȥܵûѰɣȾ̴ζٴ
ŶӳӦˣͷŹڹһѣǼ۵ģ۵ĺÿ
ɫ̫ۡ
һС´𣿡ӳʵĲŲϲ
ʮСһɫɫʲô⣿ֲۣװۡ
ӳƽ߹ȥӹóɫȹϱȻһ£ĵͷ
һֱ֡˫ϸ۰𪣬糿ƤĨҩȥ̫д飬ĥƺһ㡣
Ѫͣˣͨ죬ȥù
ǸղſЩӳϵˡŮֵ̫ǿһоûУ˲ǵܹˣۡ
סӳַ۵ĿϸС˺ۣ㲻ô˵
ӳһ£ſ˫ֿһۣͦ۵ġ

ȷʵͦ۵ģСرۣһƤ۵ͷƤ飬ղųдʱĵۣ۵Ҫͣ£ҲñˣᶼҪ
ӳЦЦеĶ۸Ҫ
°İҸԼŬҲܷ
֣µģԼͺˡ
΢΢򴽣촽˶̾ϢһԺ򡣡
ƾӳĿǰľӹǵݣ˻ֵþ̫ҽֻüƿҩĨˡ
򲻿ɳǿÿһ˫֣˰̺ۿǺãֵˣ̫ﲻܻ㣬αء
¡ӳ˵һ飬治£ֵþ̫Ĩҩ֮Ѿˣ졣
ɱ첻Ȼ̾
ĴͬǵĶҲֻͬҪԼܲڹﰲȻȥҪ˺ˡȴʮ򱶼ѣҪæŻһ߾躦ˣһҪֺȨм䣬ֻܵõȥĻᡣ
ɵ¾Ͱˣ˾ͽū澣ǧš
֪ˡӳüǳЦ˵ˡ
Ц̫ɻƬ̣׶Цˡ
ƺΣһЦһŮӶ̲סȣЩƼˣ˭Ҫǻͷ
ǳ嶯ʱ򣬲˼⽨ֻ̣Ҫϲģ͸ȥȡ
Ȼ⣬˼Ҳδػᵱ¶
ӹɣǶϲϿЦԽԽĵŮ롣
ʮǰҲиŮӷ˰뾩ӵģΪտΪɺ޸˱ˡ
һɫŮӳ֣֪᲻Ͷʮǰһͷ
ϣߵȢһܸѡȨûҪǵü޸ӡ
ûԼ뷨ϾԼĲ²ˣֻſúõģҲͲ㹼ʶչһ
ӳһЦЦÿУ˵ʲô
ʲôС˼ͷʲôһŮ˭ἷͷһŮ


 16 


֪е龰ˡЦǾеĺжʤӵгȴ⣬кܣҲ֮
ӳüĿɵǸǺ۸ʵҲ̫ӵ²ɡ
̫ӵȣū澾ŷǸףƾ迤òֻҪЦһЦͻΪ𡣡
ӳžЦˣɣӣǸ¡
ܻ᲻Ϊ𣬴Сǰڵ˶ȥˣ֮ǰǰҪȢ
ʲôôأǽ˾ǣߵľ
ھЩ﹫ӣΪʵףҲΪһУǰͷţʵ۵ѵƫЩֶ
ֻʱûʵƫģҲֻʱǸӳױ졣
ҡ
ӳۣӲӵһĨ⡣
˵ʱҲ࿴أ˵ͳأԼûĲ˵ġ
ɵʵҵӣһｫ֣λߣĻ
ԺƴһƴӳʣΪʲôҪ˷ʱһȷϣ
Цеﶼ֪Լʲô
ǰŮĬðΡ
Ůӿȥĺܣ˭ǰ޻ֻ֮б۸ķݡȴôǿô¸ҡ
òĶȴġ
ѵá
ӳ˸ȥɡ
ֻ˵˵
Цҡҡͷֱ۰ȥͿȥ
ţ
Ȼȥ̫ӵµģҪɵսսȥԵǳĳⷢʡ
⻰˵оݣȥ˼Ұæ֣ԵܲءͷĽʹȥˡӳһЦҸ̴ľӣǸֽװ
˵ţȴԼͷϴŵһСС黨Ҳӽȥ

ӳЦаȻôȥ
ĬĬӦˣλǸز¶ֶһһ׵ģһһ벻ַάֺ
úúӣӳȥ˶
ӣһûʵĹǰǶˡ
ӳ̧ͷϿ·ŹƬлһ˻
ֻӳĿԽᶨֱ򶫹š
ͱ𴦲̫ͬ˾Ľϵӳ߽еı£ߺˣ
ƺˣɱ̬ȡ
ӳһæźһؿƽ顣
ɵλͨһ꿤̫ӵ¡
ɵؿӳͷԺ򡣡
ӳزͷô̫ӵµ
ôˣ
ҡҡͷ͵̫ӵǳЩߵĻȫǾ̳ģԭõϹɱʿŴżλ²ǿȸɽġ
ȻҲǾûѪûɱˣôûôˡ
ӳ΢΢üû
˼ľӣһɢɳΪ壬վţȲһŮӡɳ͢ϵƣפľĴ
Ц廹볯͢άƽ⣬һȶ֣ǰӾ˾Ѿˡ
ʲô
뷨û֪Ҳ˵ڣ׽Ҳ˵
ӳգգ۾һɽа˵̫ӵ»𣿡
ġʧЦ̫ӵµˣһ㶼ֻܼܲܺ˵ϻȫƾԼıˡ
ֲΣûи飬˶
ԣһֵݼŶе¡
ӳĿƶ
˳ߴ󺺱Щ˼ϷһΣƫͷ̫ӵ뿤ȥ
ӳף͡
˶ʱȴڻ԰Ȳ裬ֻһˣӳ֣һǵ̬
ڻʵۺͷģֻλӳŲ˶٣ɡ
ɵλǶӣ仸
ӳĿȥüĿʣԭλǻʺڿߵĶʱձ̫׿öʱˡ
ȥģǲ֪˺òá
ӳ಻õ˵棬ʱתͷ߹æǷӵ¡
ʱƼһ£еľɲǼʧسͷ⣬Цһ֣
ǺƵģʳĻҲ͹ֵֹġʱ鵹е񣬴ִһ崺磬һ˵ܸоԾ
ӳһЦֱ׳ش𣺡ǰ
һ䡰ǰû˿ɬ䣬ʱҭһ£ֻõҾͲˣǡ
ӳЦеߡ
ʱ䵭ߵķ򣬼ӳЦ֪ΪͻȻվָɫһ㡣
ӳЦ߹ȥ̫ӵ°ãԵ޹ţ²ҷɣ
ʱ΢ᡣ
ӳЦݣǾͺãշֿҾԸҷҿ²
ʱһֱ˵ͣһԲһӳ˵ˣſڡ
£
£ӳȻ
ӳӣɬһЦȽŵĺӸϣǸ´
ʱ˵ͷճ㣬ûеķףֻһۣʾĹ
־ӳ
ڣǼ鼴ǼǵͶǱ
ӳСʵҪ̵һ¶¿ǧЦҡ
ֱ˵ǡ
հͺ磬ңҳθ磬ǲǸø񡣡
ܸˡ
ǡҲ֪ʲôá
ӳҧҧ´С̫ӵ£֪¿ɷͽ̣
ʱδ˵ܾӳԸ߬ϵȭͷίί˵Ҳûϵǿ
ʱûʲô˵ġ
ɫȻ˵Ŀӳŵϣü֣
ӳæǿЦԼСĲ䵽ˣû¶ģûйϵûйϵ
ɵӶܿЦеǿ֮⡣
ʱɣ˵
Ӳ̫߳ģ
ӳסӵȹ˵ûʲô˵ģ
ԥƬ̣ӳֿʱؼκ󷽵̫ӵ峿԰ӣһˤڵϣˡ
ƽƽûпҲûСֻ糿顣
ʱֻʣС
ѿ¶飬ãĮе
ܲ
ӳԲЦû飬ֻǲСģǹġ
С飬ԡʱ
ӳЦЦ
ʵ¶ʱûжʣֻˡ
ӳһЦ¶õЦݣԶԶԣˣ»ǸҸʲôɡ
ѰһɡʱԴ˻Ǻܶģ̫⡣
ôһ˵ӳŷӦ
ȻǿͬѰǧС㣬Щ˳ĻʼҿҲһڻʼŮֻΪԼŮͱ˼ҵĺӡ
ӳǸ޸ĸĹŮǸǧ㣬԰ԣةҴ¼ҵСûʲô
񣬿ɲ͸ðЩǧСı׼
ӳȻ򣬵˵ͷҾˣл̫ӵ㡣
Цģ۲ѣ̫ӵ¿Ҹ˺ð춼֪ô죬ֻ£ҺûҴˡ
ʱ⶯˶Եң
⻰ʵġӳһΣУΪ𲻺ãҪ˵ġ
û뵽̫ӵ¿ģϬ
ѲӳΪҾʶһ˰
ЦݳϿңڹ˭ʶ˭Ϥֻеڴϴ£ϤˣҲҵ»˭أ
ӳ۾ʱеĳ⡣
ʱƫͷһ
µĶ䣬ȴһ㷢졣
ӳգգۣܣûк컨ûкѣҲûкɫװΣȻû
лҪ˵Ľ

17

ԵĶӳɫǿ϶ˡΪʲôأΪղŵĻ
ӳ͵͵һЦ¡
һǧذתá
ʱĿתرίʣ²û֪֮ǿϵ׽ɣ
ʱ˳ָ˲ᡣ
ӳһЦԴʯϣǾͺá
£šӳϳǲǺɵ¶
ʱһ䣺ᡣ
ҾͷˡӳԺʲô飬ʵ𣿡
˵ӳҲ֪ԼôˣƵǵűͷһκú˵͸һΡ˿Ҫıߡ
ӳʱԽЦԽһС绨¾ףʣ£
ÿҪʱ򶼲úǸɤӣϼ걾Ŀ˵ġ
κ˶þܾ
ʱ΢ɡ
ֻһ֣ȴй¶ȵʵ
ӳ͵ЦΪֹȴѼˣ˿ȻѾʺãǵ£ҾȻȥˡ
վԼһ۷ɫѣЩûע⵽ӵתһȦԼȹڡ
ʱĿ
ӳ죺úõȹӣôմˮˡ
״ССԹ
΢΢ȹӣǿûˮ۷ӹȥġ
Ҫʲô۶ӣ
ʱĿ΢
ˡӳ΢΢򴽣̾Ϣһ£Ůˡ
˵滰ֳղǸۻõСѾͷֻǶݵشһ¡
ʱüеơ
ȹӿÿ۵ģĵķòףͺƴ֦ͷõһһȴ
Ū˵ȷֿϧġ
ӳ˵껰ֱӾתˣʱϸıӰ鲻Խᡣ
СĻȣƬ̱ȥ
˲
~
ӳ̵߳ɣĺܺá
мǶζԻɻ飬˵ͰȫȥˡŮ㡣
ūҲǰڹ˶ʮꡣʧЦҶ̫ӵᣬְϷ
ʵ޹أǴ󲿷˶СϷʥݶ꣬ɸε˵ʵۣһƭΡ
ɲͷ˵͸˵Ŀ͸񶼾Լ󹬵ɶ
ӳʧЦ͸Ҳûϵұ۸ҹ˵״ʲô⣿
Ǹ۸˶˵״ҲңֻܽŮ˵䣬˵껹ҪԼԲ
붼Լ̫ˡ
ҲûװʲôһȾ϶òŮˡˣҪ¶ڣ˵
ɵϸЩá
͸˲£͸á
ӳŵ˵ͷ
һһˣû뵽ܽЪϢһλ֮͡
ӳսţŮͼҴ
չ
ӳʶաûⰡ̫Ƕ䣬ƲʻǾȵɢУ綼һյûκ⡣
ô̤ܽܽ빫Զһ·ʵ̫Ϊˣλ顣
ٶɻӳû¶ֺ߽ţδЦ֪չǰʧˡ
ף΢Цʵӳȥʲôطˣ
ӳյоκˣҲû
ЩѹҲ⣬İ˰ˣ˶鶼ҪǣҲ̫ˣֱӵȥˡ
һ䣬ϵѹ֮ɫء
ȥʲô׷ʡ
ȥ̫ӵµлӳüȩ̈һµģڣӼ굽ǣ̫ӵ»չˣҲܰȻлҲûʲôɣ
䣺ֻ
ӳȻأ
Ȧ죬ʵϲ̫ӵ£ÿܲܲҪ
޿ģӳ۸
Ҳ̫չ˼ҺʲôˣӳάȱЦݣչﲻֱԡ
磬סڡѹ磬º͵̫ѹˣʺ˵
磬俴ӳ԰ɨĹŮԻ˵꿤˸ȥ˶Ƕ̫ӵ뷨һʱ鼱ҹˡ
ӳֱ볰Ц
Ҳ˵ʱûйϵɣйϵʲôΪβȥʣҪܽǻѵӲ
ʱ޹ء
νڶ̫ǻʵۺͻʺһԸʱʮˣԸȢȢˣڵȵա
ƾʲôһίǰ˵ֻ
ϻλչǸˣȫǼٵģ
ԣ
ӳһ٣ӷתš翴žͲ಻ˣŮҧһôģ
΢Ц䡣
ǰʦﶼһгģλɵ治ǳصģת䣬˺⡭
ţӳЦ˽Һ̫ӵ£ûץ𣿡
Ŀƶ䣬ЦԽԽ󣺡ɨŮڱҥҺ̫ӵװ׵Ǻùأ
õǵһҡ
ô磬˶ҵڹ㣬ԺʧԹ˲Ͼû㡣
ӳºЦţ˵ʺЭӲãôһС¶Ҫͷ𣿡
ɫһ䡣
ҭͣ£ʵڿɶ񡭡
̾ϢһһʱͰҪ¶ˣǸðץ𷣣ѡ
ӳºһЦǹץˣɷҿҵʣֻϹۿҵˣ
ӳĿģ䣬ڸ˲ҶĻ׳棬֪뷨չŮĻңĶ𣿡
ӳ䣬Ҳ磬ǻʺҪǣٺһ
ŸԸȥƺҲû壬ϾҹʵѾΪô˻ʺ󣬻ʺһϵ϶͸
͵ˣںһ
仹δΣͺ޴վɰͰ͵ǡ֮
ԹҲŹҲԹҲһ֮ʣ͡ˡĿİҶԿûж⣬ֻǡ
չӳתͷȻһЦЦݴž˲ֱӣ۵Ըӡ
˺ϡ
չҹһϾ¹µģĿףֻ̫ӵϤһЩѵ˵˵𣿡
ܡ
װȥ̫ӵ˵˱ҥҸò
á
չ͹ңǵȲĻ˵ҷŹҸòþί
Բ𡣡쵽˲ϣͷСԲ治ǹģӳ
˱ۣӳǱĴӳˣӳҪǺҡ
ӳչգЦø˵ʲôôǺһС¶ ֵü
Խ˵ɫԽѿ
һ뷨ӻһȥץŮģӳҪúǣԱ˺ޣ
ӳ治ɫ˵ЦˣҸʲôޣű˵ʺƹܹ񣬹ЭĶֵõһ˴Ů
Ƕ
ҪԴˣˣ˼ǹ˽ˣ˼Ҫ˵Լñô˼ץ˵ģ
ֻһССϷλûʺ̫洫͸¶ˡ
ڣӳһң˿ҷɡ
ӳ
ǿ򲻸ҡӳЦŴҪԽ޴ңɱʹ졣
˵˺ݻ֪Ӧԣ죬ֻñֳĬ
ΨС˵һ䣺ɹô๬ˣôץ
¹ôץץ˾ǡĿ䵭Ҫҵ˻ûҲġ
䡣
Ŀ޷ֲģϹƵ΢ЦͷȻһ磬߰ɡ
ֻǿӳʱĿ˵ôأ
ӳΪ⣬ЦˣŰɡ
˶ǿȴǸˣĿ𣿡


 18 

ⷴӦ˭ûϵģӳĿһ죬֪Ӧ
䴽Цһѽ糶Լ࣬л⣬ǻ£Ͳ߶ˡ
ߵѣӳ˰еĲյģߣǧǽĸˣηԾ
Ų˶٣ָɫͿġ
࿴֮ĲӿɵСôˣ
ôᣬȴ˴ΪΣ
һתͷǳǳһЦûʲôӲ߶ſǿȥɡ
粻йأȷ˵ĵ˴伱˵Ǹˣۿ
ס֣һ
ӳüЦŶʾ⡣
ԶˣӳüԽԽ䣬ֱƱ˪ͷʹ˷
ɵͻ
ӳع񣬡Ϊλ⣿Һʱ
ʺͶӶһ
䲻ᣬģûһ̲ݺϣʺָʹݸĲᡣڶĶӣúһˣ˵ȻҲġ
׸ʲôˣ
ѲռҵأռҵŮ
һͷסеǼʰɡ
Ҳ˸ʵĽڣʺҪѴ޸ｫģҲ֪ｫԼҹӣ糤֮ӣΪǲ۲۵Ķ
ӳ⣬Һθɣ
ҵɵŶҡҡͷЦ˭ȥӵ
̫ӵºｫ
ǲ͵ˣ̫ӵ۳ǲģｫͬȥʱ˶ѾĬȢ
ӳͷôܣ
Щ䣺̫ｫӢŸζҪЦѵģȢãôȢң
мˡ
޸ʱҪܻеԺǶδزࡣ޸۵ĻͺöˣôҲɲ˼С檣һܺͺӣ˭˭
Ӽֱɡ
ϧЩ붼һΰˣֻӵܡ
ӳ̾ҶĵｫҾͷŷˡ
ϣɵŤˣ˿۰
ЦֵĶ˴ż͵ɣϽѣ˿Ц
ӳЦⲻ𣿡
۵ɤģȴǹԹɸѣֵڴϣҼǵмɫϻȹӣҳɣҪ
ӳҧ´ָף÷һμĽأ
ţɫˣӹڿУġ
գӳȥٹΪ̫д飬£ȽȽ̴УŵС̫ſ̫ͨ
ӡ
ӳһʶ̫󣬽ҧҧ´
̫󻺻ۣ
ֿӳѾͷȥԺһܰɡ
ǡӳ˳ͷƹ磬СߵٹԺվǶĬ
ٹ֪Ϊ¡ӳ˸ؿڣŬԼ
վͷӳԽĬ
ĸ˵꿤ôˣ
ڷ

Ϊҳܴϣ¾˵ҴΪת档
ûʲô¶ʻĸΪθ߸ʲͻ飿
Һʱ˵ֻ̫ȵ
ѵǻĸ˵׵ģӵɻ󣬡ɸ˵
˵ˡ̫䵭Ҳ߹㣬Ϊоʲô𣿡
ӳ΢΢ü룬̫ǲϲӵ𣿡
䵭̬ȣ֮ʱۿɲеԶ
ӵĸʲôֻʻĸˡ
ġ
ӳ΢΢üͷýż˵ϵҶɫȾһǳӵȷ費̫̬ȣ
ļ޸պ˶޴״Ͼʵô谮϶𷣡
ٹͩȡ֮ͩ⣬ҹ˷磬ͩһЩҶδɨɾһƬƬ̯ڵϣӰͩҶεġ
ӳ̾ӵϼһƬҶ˺һһġ
֨ѽһ
Ժűƿӳһ̧ȥֻһĨӰͷ
վţˣſڣݼ̫ӵ¡
ʱŲһ٣Ŀϣʷ¡
ӳָָͷڡ
ɤѹļ͡
ʱĿתȥĬƬ̧̣ߡӳһס䣬¡
ʱĿǣԼϣֻղŻһƬҶմۣģȫ·ˡ
һۣʮ
ӳ˼ͣһ£С̧֣Ƥ顣
ҡҲǹġʿˮСҿ԰ϴ·
ʱĬƬ̣á
ӳ򴽣˰
¾֡ʱ
ӳŶ
˹ли¾֣Ըڼʱ·˻ҪԺѾϴ
ʱŲδʣΪβȥ
ӳҡҡͷҲҡ
˵һֱѹֻб˴ʱ׵Ķزͷ¡
ӳû壬̧ʲô
ûСʱⰵ˰ûжԣҡ
ЪЪɡӳȵһ·ˡ
ʱȥ֪ҪӺѶãӳһ˴ںԺʵ̫ģͲӸϽߣߵԽԽá
ȻѾŪˣӳҲͲˣʱϵʯһ
ʯ˼ƬͩҶʱǽڷĳָһƬš
ӳЦʣ̫ӵ£Ҷۻ𣿡
ᡣ
ҽòã
ʱѾ˵̬ˡ
ӳͷ͵͵ƲǸˣ˵ʾãƨ߶ƨ߶ϸˣĶʱġ
̫ӡ
ӳĥĥЦĲã£۸㿴
ɣʮָɣƬҶһ仨ǻ̫£ֻи״ѡ
ʱ¶ȵı顣
ӳ˸߲ҵؾŻݵǰ۾Ӳǹģ£͸㡣
ʱֻᴥǶ仨ӳӹӵƬ̣˵ײ
ʱٽȥƵģһ̾Ҫ
ӳĿɿڴ˻ʲôܼû֣ûųԿһ˵Ǳռ˱Ƶģ
𾪵Ŀȣʱͷܺá
˻٣ӳȴǸúŪģִǶ仨ͷʣ̫ӵ£ʲô˼
ʱҲԼĲԣ˼ҹΣ˵ҪԼǲǱˣȷ̫á
򴽣Ȼ⡣
ҪҵĻȴԶԶģ̫ӵµ̫Ҷ֪ôźáӳ¾أ
ʱûС
ûʲôӳûҪҵĻûң


 19 

ʱƿԣĿʯϣͷĻƣûƵġ
ӳʣô˵ˣ
ͷеĽ֮ɫãҲʧ˼ֹʡ
ʱһĬȻվӼ죬ֱڣҪˡ쵽ӳӦҺУֻ㶿ƿš
ǹһ񣬰һѡ
ӳĬĬ򴽣Ƕ仨ˤϣɢһƽƽҶ
ӳ̾˫ָϣҲſȥһΡ
˸սȥ밲ûӳͷһ̫㵵һôͷˣͷô¶ôźģ
ʱƽԼġ
̫ü·ϣúõŪô֪࣬Ϊôˣǡ
ĸһоûˣҾͲô𣿡Ӳ
̫󵭵㵱ȻȲϰͷһ֪𣿰ԪӣҺͻʵԸ˭Ȳ
ĸ˵ǡӿǼʺͲйӣ̫ӣʳĶһĸǸ΢ŮСͱ۸
۸㣬ֻĸȥ̫ǲã˵ʲôأкδ㣿
ʱֹ̫󣺡ĸ
̫һۣ̾ϢǸúӣģ˶һҾͲòˡ
ŭĸȸˣͻ֮֡
˵ֻȻҪ̫̫¿ֱߣȥ·Щײʲôˣʲôˣ
ʱ
кָ̣
鷿˼
ƾʲô
ȻҪ˼ĵȥǣĶôΪʲô̫縸ֳǴܲ𣿡
ӳ۽硣
̫ƽĪģʺǰսսԼǰΣȻвȸʱʱ
ӳҡͷ̾ϢǼʶˡ
ߺߵֵȻܹңֻ˼ĻҪʹʲźá
ʹʱ
ֻ֣Ǳ߰ûֹ˰죬Ų˼˵ʲôʴӦˣ
š
ƾʲôӵĺǳױˡ
һҵĽŲ̫ʹߵĹŮȥͷѿлɣˡ
ӳ⻰ԾվߣδЦϹЦݣ̫̫ӵ¡
ʱƫͷ̫󿴿ˣЦʣҷſӺԺǽǼ˰ɣ
ӳЦе
ʱֻһͷ֣˫ֻȾۣŵۻȴˡ
˿ĽǶȣʱĬĬ򴽡
ʵЩ̫ҿЦˣôˣӳѾͷ˵ˣ
ӳҡͷûв˵ֻƼ̫ӵ£Щ˵ˡ
ίίʱһۣ̫࣬뿪ЦƵ˵̫ӵ̫ˣĻš
̫Цҡͷ˵öԣ䵭ЩҪôʮ˻ûȢϱ
ʱü
̫Ҳ֪ôģȻ̾Ϣ㸸ʾռǸŮãҲ㲻ദܶ˼ҹŵ˼Ҳͬ㽲
ʱ򴽣һԲ
ϲռǹֱ˵ǣϲʲôǸңûоͳңš
ء
ʲôأ̫Ҳ֪ĸˣ̧㶼ʮˣʮ꣬϶Ҳ׼ףͲһˣôܲģ
˵ɣΪβռҹｲ
ʱüϲ
ϲʲôģ
ʱֲ˵ˣֵ̫ϲӣҲһ
ĸްġʱ̾µġ
̫ԼĶͷһͷ۲ѵģ̾Ϣãȣ˶λãǰһλ̫Ӿ˱Ҳ𣿡
ᡣ
ʱܼᶨؿᡣ
б£㸸Ҳ㣬Ǵһһ˵ıʣٳٲ顭
ʱڡ
̫
ӳѴԲЦ̫̫ӵ»ᣬһʱ
̫֣ϸüۣðεӳģԸ𣿡
ʱ˲һʶ̧ӳ
ӳһϲȴװģ̫
ɬ
ֻԼãȫǼٵġ
ʱһֱûгȻŮĿƶҲû˿ңסüĸ̴㾡ˡ
ǲҪת˻⡣
ӳҡҡͷҲ̫Ǿ̾̾
̫ﲻסЦˣε㰡˰ˣڲװһ㣬ҾͲˡ
ӳһЦѹܽػ

 20 

ʱ۾ӳ绨ЦϣĬĬƫһԵĻƿǡ
ݵüֱۣ̫̾ߵĲˮпѣͬһϲռңѾͷǸúӣ磬Ȣ̫ʺ󣬶Ǽõġ
ʱֻ˵ɫ䵭
̫ͷг¼ҵѾͷҲЩﶼ㣬ôƣһӴһˡ
߶߶ģʱȴܲ˵
ֻ̫ҡҡͷˣ˵ˣһ͹ν£
ʱĸڤڱз¡
Լ̫࣬ͷӦõģʱ뻤µĴʦΪȡ
˶٣ֵţǡʮ꣬Ǹӡ
ʱ
úɺǶ빬ΰݰɡ̫һǻʺˣʵﰧȥ˵㶢ŵͷˣ͵
ʱȴܾˣء
ѵ˵ôһλĸĸŶ꣬˼ǹ֮ҲǹˣαΪ˴ˣ
̫̾ϢһѵҲʵѵһʵ⵿ĸ󣿻˵ʹ飿
ʱ죬ûг
̫ģβȫΪԼãɡĸĸôܱԼأ
ô룬Ҫǣǻ̫ӣĸǻʵ۽ᷢӣǻʺǻʵĶӣ̫ĳǶ֪ø˭ߣ
ʱüЩҪ
ôҪָ̫֪б£ס֮λ˭ģ϶ǵ˼ѵ𣿡

˽ɣ˶ٹԱ۶Ǯƣ֪𣿡
Ϊ塣
ǵСȷԱǻʵۼӣŲʱһָͷǡ
̫ҡҡͷʵ˵ͨɴԮһ԰ӳӳѾͷøòȻʺ󣿡
ӳĬƬ̣ûпȥֺ̫󣬷˳ԼģҾòá
̫㵵ؿΪΣ
ุĸ˫ӳͳЩûǣǼʳҸĸǰҸĸһеġ
˵Ĳ̫̫ҲãҲգ˶ֻ࣬һģٶ࣬ȱٳʵ⣬̫ӵһʹ졣
룬Ȼʺ̫꣬ӵµ飬ӦҲࡣ
̫죬ʱ𣿡
ʱַϣǽڷĳָһֻյذ׵Ĵӳ֣ÿ
ſڣ˵һ֣ǡ
ӳϣɲ⡣
̫ţɫԽѹû뵽õִ𰸡
ӳ䣬ŵĸĸ˲ġ
ֻǿ̫˸еݣĬĬ⻰˵̫ݣò̫ɣҪӲ̫Ǻźá
̫˼ӳµõһҪﵽĿģֻһ·ߡ
бķӣ
еģǿܻЩϲÿ
ҲЩ϶ЩƮˣƵƵһıߣʵ۹ߵĲ֪ԼʲôҾҪôôǣ
ӳ̫һᣬҵԭ˺͵Ůǰ֮ŮŮȻ͡
ȻͶ̫˼ˡ
Щҷǿܲ
̫ͷ˼Ƭ̣Ǹ÷ӣݰҺú롣
ʱֻõĸˡ
̾ǰôǣĸزġ
¶ܡ̫ҡҡͷֱӶĻǰͰˣҲʺһֻŴѹɣų谮аԵݵ竲Ҳôôǡ
ʱĿתӳʾȰ˵һ
ӳƹͷֻûѾһΧ֪̫᲻ǺԼ뷨Ӳһξûδˡ
ȻҪĿʱ̫ı/ɡζԵ
ӳƫͷ˸ʱÿÿ˼ȴڵװס
ʱȲѣֻԼſڣĸꡣ
ҵ㣬ֻúõģҲꡣֱ̫ӵǱϲǣǰͷǳĻˣܸ߰Ҳ£һ֪ܲ𣿡
϶ȥʱϵ˺Щ߹٣˳ưʵҰĲ˭ôô˭֪᲻ͷ
֮
б£ס˼ǰ󹬵Ĵ磬и裬ĸҪһ
Ҳ㣬㵥ͺ𣿡
ʱĬƬ̣ڱ˵ˣá
̫ͷǺúӡ
ӳЦתͷãֵ⣬鶯һشˮʤա
ʱǶ˶
ӳƺʲôƵģЦſ̫󣺡̫ҿ²Ϊˡ
ô
ȥͻӳգգۡ
̫򣬡ҲãͻкЩСᣬͣһ˭ϵãȥ˲źá
һԵŮǰ˵㼸ҲˣȽʹţЩϵӵġ
ӳܳæ°ݣл̫裬ӳӳ
ˡ̫ҡ֣ȫΪһˣ಻̫࣬ĿҪŵ
仰˵ĲӳˣһŮ
ӳǸжģŮһ¶ ָ̫Ůһ¶ܹ̫Ǵõġ
ϲЦգ̫ûͷûβһ䣺񡭡
ӳ̧ü
̫ȴҡҡͷɡ
ӳû׷ʣȴ˸ᡣʲôأ˵˭Ϊ̫ǲֱأ
̫ᣬֻӳȥɣ㰧𣬴ߡ
Ũ̴ȼһ֧һ֧źʱӳһͬӴٹ߳գߵҲڵġ
ӳС̫ӵ¡
ţ
򿪿𣿡
δ
ŶӳʧӦһ
¶
ģصܽͷϵ黨һ䣬֪ǲں̫ӵ¡
ʱĬƬ̣һĨǡ
˰ΣȴûС
ӳ
²˵û򿪿𣿡
ʱһʱƿԡ
ʱ֪˵ʲôźãӳƢظ̨£²ȥң黨䲻ʲôƷŮӵҪƽ޹ͷ
Ҫʱ죬޷ֻܾӦˣض
ģ˸ŵȴǸɷ죬˶ƵǺͰˡ
ӳûͱŵˣʶʱߣϣЩ
ʱ
ӳָ΢Ҫǿеôˣ
ʱʲô
رʵ
ӳû°

 21 

˵ʱûвʱţģʵ˵κˡ
ʱͣԭأͷ
ӳС˳䣬εС죺²šԼɷ̫𣿡
˵ίίģͷһŵģ
ʱ̧ȥƽá
ӳһʱ޻˵㶿
ʱֿŵ䣬зһ˿Ĺ⣬ͼ֣߰ɡ
ӳһЦæ֣С߽ţɵõ˵Ĺſڶǃȼôƫ̫ӵ²һ
ʱӡ
֣ӳȴȻ򡣵ȷǸñӣ̫֮δ飬ȴòɣֻС̫˭֪л᲻ᱻȥ
ý鷳
ӳصͷֿǵһ⣺̫ӵȢ̫Ǻܲ㣿
ǻˣ̫͡Ͳ˵ˡ
ʱɫһۣк޲ƾĻǳġ
ӳƲƲ죬ҲһƬġ
ҧʶġ
ʱĬĬţ˺һȢޣԵġ
̫ȢޣΡĶŮˣܶ鵱ȻҪ仯̫Ų⣬øıĶҪı䡣
˵ʱĿᶨȣûسĮ
ӳȻһ˵ͷζ
ͷָ΢΢һһΣȵѪҺ֫ٺʱƺ˸о
˶˵ҳĬߵʱ鷿
ӳһӣϣ㿴ɡ
ӳо᲻ѣ㲻ǰΡ
Ķ˰ִ鷿ģѵȱĿⷿȻ͵һֽԶ׼ʱֻɫĶ鷿ԵΪ֡
ӳţɵƲƲ죬˵ûп̫ⷿӵĮĸһ쬵Ĵź⣬˭
ôģӳҲ˵ִֻǸӣֽɾڽλúͷŽȥʱֺδ䣬ӽȥ黨ȴûˡ
ӳüóֽϸϸǺӣⷭһ飬ǲӰ
֣ôûˣ
üͷԽԽӳּˡ
ѵ˷ŽȥҼǴˣ
ʱʱȷûС
ӳֻýַֽŽȥصǱ㲻֪ںδˡ
̾ˣҲǴ¶㶪ˣֻպ˵¶̫ӵΪ֤
ʱµĺӣ 
Ȼûҵǵ£ұˡӳգգۣ𸴡
ʱͷյȥӳֵҼ̫ӵµĶϻժһЩã¿ɷʹһ
ϻ
ӳһЦ֪ڼԺҲ˺ϻϻͺƻؼһʮУ̫ӵС
ɺ˼֮飬޷ܾοֻǼ仨ժԵδ̫Сʱǡ
ӳЦ᣺л££ӳˡ
һΣˣûлͷ΢ҡҷͬһ֦۵֦ȴ֦޼֡
ʱȭͷˮʹ¶˳
գɫϻѣڶ
ʱһ񣬷ֲ뻨

˶ӳɺܽеģһǻʵ۵ĹŮһ̫ĹŮƷ൱᲻ụֳ
ȴ뻹ûӳڵ⣬ȷֻɽҲ̷һգ󵽵Ĺرǡ
ƾ˼䡣
ȥЦˣӳŷ̫ȷʵãĹŮʢ֮ΪãҲ¶
ӳ϶˵ĶԻǰɣɹ¶ҹ
ɱЦˣ˲űˣҶԾеһŲ֪ĶһЩ
ӳ㿼ǵģɸڻʵߣֻ¶¶ЩҲ˵һҪܽǰǰ¶
һ̫ߣ˸ҵķС㣬Ը֮Ҳ֪
ƶΪ˸ܸģҲìܡ
ӳȷһ飺𣿡
һЦģ¶Ѳҡ
Ǿͺáӳأէ²ȫǷ֣Ҫúõģǲܺúùӡ
˵һһ۵ģĲˡ
һۣЦˣ˵ǡ
Цº͵վ͸ȥ磬׼װ磬ȥ񣬵ʱߡ
ӳɵͷ͡
ѹȺǾͲࡣڵٿ
˵ڶ죬ӳһӣޱȵɫѹסѹסڡ
ӳһȴȻͬĸоɫʴϣλҡ
ȴԴʣһ£ӣ䡣
һ޷ݵìܣȴֳغг
пɫҼ˴ܴӺѾ޼翤Ļͷһμ
Ȼǵÿ
˲ôˡ
ӳԼòǼŵģֻЦЦ߰ɡ
Žӣ߳ţ˰ĴţӳڶŴ½ΣŽңӭЦˡ
ӳŰǰ糤ۣ־䶼ĽǸѰŮӡ
ӳæЦá
Ц֣ȿ޵ǸƯһǼҵŮȥˡ
ڶ˵仰ӳʶߵļλЦֿңƤҶˡ
Ц֣úӣȥǽգв˳ĵģֻҡ
ָӺĻ԰ǱѾۼʮƯŮӣղףҵŮӡ
áӳ˳ӦˣЦ߹԰ȥͷš
ߵ֪ļλճȫǲǵŮ̫ǡ
ӳȻ
ѹְһȼλԭԼûŮ԰ҲۣһǵŮҲʡЩǰ
ǺֶΡ
ӳЦߵȺϣƼһĨ֮ɫͰʣ⡭λλǣ
ӳЦǷǼ꿤ӳ
ԭԭǡΡ꿤ǹﻹڽͣӺףÿҽгǾ¼ҵŮƯ
¼ҵŮӳ룬̫ȴ⣬и¼ŮҲ֪ǲλ
Ȼò ϵغܣӳЦˣĿޣ¹ҲƯ
֣תͷһȺСúǣҸǽһˡ
𣿡


 22 

мӳҲ֪ȴλ糤ˡ
ӳعͷЦǷ
ͬһŮҲ񣺡
糤ûƼӳһѳ֣ĵȰ˵ôͬ㽲ģĵ档
ӳɫ˳
ȴͷûа˵˭أҶյ˰ѵ𣿡
һãȻȴط糤Ļ
糤ɫ˵֣õҵĻûȥһǱ˲֪ڣ
Ц˰ɣ˾Ъ£ĸǶںͷأ롣
糤˦ȥ
ӳĿࡣ
¼ҹɵģ޺ô仰㿴ˡֻǣΣ֪ٱ
ѹ̫˵¼ҹҲ
̫ʺǺ󹬵жκβˣͺ
ӳеģ˼ҹһ㣬ôźã
ѾתͷˣЦ֣о֮ɫΣӳûֱӱʾϲɫ
¹飬Ƕһݵġ
һͷ̫ˣҿԽ𣿡
¹⡣ӳЦš
ӳֺǺʲôģ̫ÿˣ̫Ưˡ
εĿޣӳ˼ˣûе¶
𲻺˼ˣ˭˭֣ȵòУ̲סֿһ飬ӳƯ
ӿʼڣ۾ûӳſţָпôܺÿ
ӳˣЦ¹ҲƯ
ɡգգۣӳ̫ˣò춼ҪʱӣԾ˵ôİ
㵱˭𣿡Ϥ
ӳ̾Ϣͷ䣬Լŵ磬һͬǷ
ҡȣе߹ɫˮ˵Դô˺֣
һĴ㡣
Цƽ˵ȴ顣
ЦΪƯ
˵ֱ׳˻ϱȨģǮ׵Ȩλֻòȫ죬ҶһЩôˣ
Ӧõġ
ЦݲãʵҲܼ򵥣òأҿ϶Ҳϸ׽ûӣ˭Ҿϲˡ
һ˵ֻҲĻš档
ȻܽʲôԹݻŵڶλأ֮˽֮ΪҪ
ֱ˵ĶԷƿԡ
ӳɵø̾¹ڳͬһ ͬ˼Ȳ
ӳ룬Լ̫󣬶ȻҲԸŮӼ޸ʱġһǻʺҲڲˡ
ţӳûпڣֻǳǳЦſ˵ڿôкøУҲǸùȻ˼ȴܲס˺Ƥ
ˣǲΪ塣
ϧȴô룬ĿӳϣЦȻǹɫ㣬ʳֶĸԸʹߣſ
ӳЦһֻ뿪ǷҪŮӵĳޡ
⻰һڣԺӹĿⶼϣǧ֧뷢䣬ɫˣΨг治ɫض
ӳֻװɵ䣬γԣ
ڴԹʳͿܽΰݷöżչҶûء
˵ĿǣһڱԹûб˼
ˣҲû˻ỳģһӳϣ޲һڰˡ
ֶΡ
ȣӳתķɿ죬Цʲô𣿡
ֱӿ䣬ʵĻ˵Ĳ⡣
̫ӵ·ּ뾩ǻʶҳէֻϵһˣæʲô𣿡
ϾŮܲסڡ
óѵӳֱӷֲ˽ܣ
ĿȻѰҪˮҾΪ˶˵̫ӵ²ŮɫΣĶأ
⻰ίʵ̫еˣһŮͷ˼ţ˼̫ӵ²Լ᲻Եɣ
ֻգգۣʳֲŮɫôͶԸӽأ
ӳЦȻΪҳúÿ
Цݿ䣬Ҳ˵úÿױ׽Ϊĺã̫ӵ¶ɡ
˾䣬Ȼ̫ӵжĻԼǲţȫôˡ
ͷе

 23 

ӳһͨ粵оݣɫ˵ֻڳ̾硣
ӳǰͷĻˡҲܹͬӳ־䶼ʵôˣ
ӳӳ򲻸빫粵
̬ȷŵļ΢ЦſԷóˮ̫žͻԵ۸ˣֻܱᡣ
˱΢ʱֻ΢ͬ顣
Ͼ˶ƫߵġ
ﻢ֮ʣ䲻Ǹʡ͵ĵƣЦٳǵ⣬ζῤˣ˵Ļȫˣܽȥ䱸ɭϵĶй֮ƾŻʳֶ׽
⻰ġ
ӳͻͻֱ˵Ϊй֮ŵʱڽûС
ҪǽͲպ͵ñôжд̣·ߡ
ӳüֻǿЦˣȴùޣӳҵ̫ӵƷи߽࣬˹󣬲˽
Цȫ˦ڻʵͷϣ´ڲ֮ͬ⣬ӳ򲻸Ҿӹʵȴƽǲҵġ
ЦԼƲĸɸɾ˵ܲţӼ굽һ·ϣ´ûҡ
̾Ϣһοģ̫ӵ㣬ˣ
ӳһʱ
һڣҶӳı⡣̫ӵµԸģ˲ٴɫĮ飬ôܶӳڲͬ
Ϊ
ʲôЦء
ӳ˿䡣λǸˣ˷ҲżվţЦ浾񱻴Ĳ
ӳ̾
ȵȥЩʲôãҪˣԱ˳ŵİɣ
ǰһ˳䣺Ǳߵĺɻúãȥưɡ
Цס֣á
˲ˣЯȥ
˸ۣмװģ
˵ӳȴЦŽͷתɻĺɻá
ûÿ
ӳĬĬÿ¹ǸŮӣжͱ˵ͽӴȥˡ
⻰Ϸ˵ӵж
ӳγ˳鴽ǣֲиǱɽˮ࣬ɻļãȾĴġ
ӹ֬׷۰ˡǰҲµˣֻмȻɽˮ£ܳӳعˡ
ʵ⣬ӳЦˣҪ˼ˡ
ջĿ⣬п˲ˣֻûЩʶ㡭
û˵ȥֻӳ֣ȥɣ˺ﻹժɺˡ
ӳųܹȥǶѾͣʮСһҴֻܳĸ˶Ѷࡣ
ӳһңǴ˶һ֣ɼǱҵġ
ܣ£
ԵãһɤӺȥŮ߹˴
СƮںϣ·ɻ
̾һƫͷȥˮһƬ
ӳͷ峺ĺˮ̣Ĵдֱ۴䴽
Ҫ˵ȴȻһߡ
ӳס㶵ô¶
ɫһ䣬ֻҧˣ
ӳͷ
˶ǵĴֽţŭ֪ĸġ
ӳҧҧͷȥ⴬£ͿŲᣬȴӴˮ
һεΪˮȲסƽˡ
Ѿʧ룬ʧɫг
õģԶҴ߻ȥӳͳˡ
Ҵ󣬶ٶһˣȴֻʣһҴӳͳעֻܹȥһ
ҼҵĴҵţȥ
ӳüҡҡͷˮһʱްȹȥ´ҡ
ĿᶨĿųܾҲϵǣ˼δԸͬĥ䣬Ҿ治ˣ
˵ӳ¶Ȼǳǳ¼ģ¾Ͳ¶ţ˭֪ûк֣
˶٣Һܿͻ
ӳĿˮĴ죬˵ͷ
˶ˣӳһƮںϣֳƬҶס죬ĬĬš
Ųסˣܲλȥɡ
ͷɴԼƮƮҲùܡ
һҶҲǲס͸ˮȻεţҪӳˮУӳץŴɫԽԽ

һͳڶߣӳʶƫͷʱԼһСվڴͷ
һֻ֣ظ


 24 

˵ʱƽĿⶨؿӳȥֿɿ
ӳ򴽣СɿԼץŴ֣ȥ˵ഥһǣֻ˻Σǰζңӳվȣ˻ⷭȥ
ʱһϵס֣Լϡ
ʹЩˣӳûӦߣһģ˳˹ȥ
ǹˣȫͦεϣ˸
ʱͣǶ֪ô죬Ŀ޺ɫ½ѩ׵Ĳ
ס
ӳ
޵ɫһõĻ
ʱƿĿ⣬
ӳײֻӲģһͷȥֱײԼӷᡣɿ֣ʱԼıӣл¡
ʱû˵񶼲ƹһֱԱ߷۰ĺɻƽĮ
֪Լһʲôģײˣ۽ǷˮȦͨͨġεεģơ
ʱջ߰뷨Ĭ˼ʥ˽̻壬ŵء
ӳؿڣ˳Ŵػȥ
ʱȥϻ£ͷղƴǴײˣƴӵĵطˮʼѡ
΢΢ü
ӳͷԼͰ͵·ͷʣô
˳ʱԼ
ӳ˵ͷŮ̫ӸѰԼ½棬ǡ˻س˳
ȣġ
ҺȳȥٹѾˡ
ӳһָпл¡
ʱȥ𣿡
ӳ·ϥǶ
ɫ˽ҡҡͷƮƮɡ
û˵ܺ£µĲС
ﵽڻǾŵģһʼִ©ˮ£ҲܡڰȫˣӳǺܺºܺ¡
һȥ±˿ľ֣պ˶ܿ޼ɵ۸
ִ͸Լһˣ˵Ľ
ñ˿ֺ
Ҫκͬ飬Ҫ˾Ǹߡ
ͷĻװģ˵¶ǰδеĴ
ʱ룬ǰ££ûˡ
ӳ̧ī˫۾˰
ȻԼʲôû˵ܿԼں£ȻǳˣǶ
֪ΪΣӳﶨ˶˵Լ²£ֻΪԼҪȥˡ
ʱʣΪߣ
¼ҵĴ¶ôҲǳ£ˣֻһ˹¿
ӳ򴽣£˭֪᲻˺
˺أ
ӳһ̧ȫԻ󣬡˭Ầңյһǳų¼ģһˣ¶һĲ
ʱĬĬȻ̾Ϣһ
ɵ
ӳԼϥǵͷ۵ȴһ֦ɻ
۵Ļ̵ľۻƵ
ɷǺÿӳ̧ͷûˣȫǲ⣬ɻƺҪ۵׳
ʱֻ˵ݣһԲɵģ͹Ĳһ仨ֻǸһϡƽĶ
ӳʣҵġ
š
Ϊʲôһ
ʱĬȻӳ﷢ëСнӹ֦룬Слл
ʱ򴽣۵һ˿ɻ󣬼ȥ°ټ
ӳǶ仨õԼǰͷŪۻƵĻ
һͨѾǱɢңѶͰ͵ģɵѺɻԼǰʱѹܽء
ˮܽȴ鶯ޣһ̧һգۣǡ
ǱѰׯģҪ༸Ȼ
ʱĬĬƿ۾ر͸ĺˮգգ۾𣿡
ӳһ٣̧ͷ
˫Ŀ⵭ȻһضȫȻ֮ɫ
ôɿ
ӳĬƬ̣ͷԼеĻԭΪ
ӳȻŴŴۿǶɻϣ۳ˮ飬뻨У춼һ
ӳ޳¡
ţҺ£
ҹһˣˣû˻ңĸ˫ȫܳ¶
ӳܵͣһֱѹţȴƲסԼ֮飬ҵȥˣôôԺСػˡ
˵˵ţԽԽ죬۳һߣȫǶɻϡ
ʱ˲ᣬȻ޼£ӳ¡
ղû˵ʲôеļ䶼²¡
ӳͷ֪ʲôζָжֻļϱòһ£ѡ
иˣκǰķʲôηģΣֻһ²£
ʲôأ
ӳָо
˵ᣬޱ뷨

 25 


ããɻ쬵Ĵ㡣
⿴ʲôġ
ӳڴһֱڿޣҪ޾еίͿ־塣
һˣ㻹ȿеĿ־塣ǰ㻹Ҫװģ
ӳҧ´ҭź¡
޵ʱ䳤ˣɤ˻ƣȦͨͨģȾ֬һֺһ¡
ʱվǶתͷš
ƽƽһ֣ƽûʲôȴӳİڸ㣬ߣ㲻غ¡˲ᣬһױݣл¡
־䣬ġ
ʱֵء
ӳںУͷʢĺɻ̻ԲĺҶ·ˮ⣬ʤասǶ仨ͷһۣǶ仨ŵʱˣĲӣ궼Щȱ
ӳȴɿֻ֣ͷڴյһƬ꣬ĬĬ˻ϣ§§
£ǻȥɡ
ʱӣ
ݲҪ˵л
û¶ӳҡҡͷûϵġ
ʱͷýϵĴɡ
ûлӳķ򣬷һȥˡ
ӳʣ£ȥĶ
ʱû˵
ʱӳͷʱ£
ʱ֣
ӳսսֵݹȥһ㯵Ļܡ
Ǻ룬滷ˮмһСӣľŰߣ涼Ǻɻôһȥ۵ĻڷҡҷڷŮӡ
ӳ˰ͷʱ
ʱɿ֣ٲ߽ϴһ°ɡ
ӳһʹޣ޵̫Щ˶һҪ⸱òصȺУ֪ᴫʲôлһŮңܲסЩ
ӳСߣ߱ʣ£ʲôط
ϴ֮ʱ
ָٰᣬڸݵĵط
ӳɵصͷ
ʱվſڣһ߽ȥھǰһͷںڵķɢڶǰ
ʱĬĬƿĿ⣬ǰһ󴵹ȥɫ侲
ӳ⿴ʱˣĬĬҧҧ´žŮӡ
ŮվǱĻױ֬䣬ȴܽػļϸۡ
Լܡ
̫ӵǸˣܺúܺõˣԼôĵؽԼΪӲ飬ʵֻǲˡ
ôһˣȴ
ơ
ָͷӳֻ࣬Ƶģൽļȥᡣ
ӳžԼԼͷȥһõЦա
ôõˣ
ӳͷЦ
֡
ӳӷϣϴԼ֬ƯϴЦ⣬Цȴʮֿɬ
ֶá
䲻ôõˣǻԼöġ
ӳգգۣһ֬ĨϣžЦݣžٲߡ
ĿϣǶŸղŵĺɻһ·ʹģӳǶ仨С
߳ȥ£Һˡ
ȴࡣ
ʱػͷôһС˺£ôúõľͱģȴ䵭
ӳüŽµ·£
뷽ſ޵һͿŮӣˡ
ʱջĿ⣬߰ɡ
ֿӳһۣĿ䵽ϣ˰ɡ
ﻹǶɻѾ⸱ģժµġ
ӳȭͷʶǶ仨󣺡Ҫ
ʶԼʧ̬ӳŵЦ˼ҺúõĵطŪˡ
ʱ˶٣û
ӳ΢΢Цţ˵ѹ
еһͻοҲǵһ˸¡ǵһΣ˰ߡ
ЩһΣӳ󲻹ҪˣǾʲôûˡ
ֻʣ¡һ仨
仨ɿݣήΪƵĿҶԭģֻڵϡ
ɾӳҲҪ
һһ졣
ͺõļ䣬õһ
ȵһ죬޸ӣ޸ˣӹĲõʱһ룬ôлйһĨ⡣
㹻ˡ
ԼڰûҪ˺٣ûҪ
ʱǷġ
һֱͷ飬ʱȴĪģ˶٣ûµġ
룬û˻˵л
ΪӳǺ
ϾŮң죬ԼһƮںϣָദãẦʵѰ
ӳҡҡͷҲ¡
ͷЦĿƣǹһȥȫ۹⣺߰ɡ
ȥʱûţŰƹȥŵȺС
ʱͣ½Ųųߺӳû¶ɣ
ӳסֱۣЦû£̫ӵңһ֪ô졣
ʱüһ˿á
л


 26 

ʱ, ϧӳͳû, ǳһ˫۾ӳ, §ļпû¶ͺ, û¶ͺã
̫ˣӳҡҡͷ, ס, 
ʱһۣŵ޳𣿻˵ѿ־ȫؽ˿ܵڵ
ӳ
ɵ, Һ̫ӵ, һ֪ô졣
յ֪Ҹ̫ӵһȥģȻˡ
ʵҲ, ʵһ˵, λ̫Ӿֱ뿪ˣȫûʱ䣬ûע⵽, ֻԼˡ
˵ʱ̫үԱվţæɿӳ, ߹ȥݼ̫ӵ, л̫ӵӳ֮
ӳǷǷ
ʱĿɨͣƬ̧̧̣, ȴ˵䵭ģӳ߳Ļ伸֡
ӳҧҧ´
һ񣬲ԺŮӣǼʱѾŵĲҽˣŸŴһ
ǰЦͿǶһݵģǸп
䣬󣬴СŮҼʱɬ̫ӵ°á
ʱĿⶼϣֻʣн
ʵǳ¼ҵĴΪλ¶
ӳҲǰһüΪյܺߣӳΪԼӦʸ֪ĸЩҪԼ
ò֪ҡӣų´˷ѾȥǰͷˣˣҪ֪Ʋǰ
һ䣬ʱٲǰȥ
ӳųҲȥɡ
ӳ޿ȨƣϣǸʼȽ϶ԣκ˶ܺȫˣ
ӳ侲һ˵ĳڣ䵭ģȻʱڡ
ԳЦǰģһܵûϵʱ򡭡
ӳԼκβԡƽȫװĲ٣ƾʲôͲΪ֮Ƕ
Ҳ㿿ȥˣװģʲô˼
ţӳɴͷ䣬Ҳʱ򣬲ȥϴʱ
֮ǣòգһŮǷϲٸֳǣΨ仹ģǾ͹ֲˡ
ӳĻصļݡ
Ǵںɢһһӣȥȥûʲô
ĶһĻɫЩסòײάסϵЦ⣬˵ʱȴҧгݵģԱɣ
ƹˤȻķŹӳ
ӳתͷȹӸʱĽŲܣǶǰȥһȺŮ֪ΪΣҲȥ
ǰλŰ򸾣ֱ߶¼ҷɫ࣬ſڹʮҶĻҲӣڵʹ顣
ʱ̤ȥʶվЦôˣ
ʱֱʣΣ
ҡҡͷֻļҶˣԸԼΪѾȥ䣬ϰ񣬶ܰ¼ҵ
ӳ󣬹ԹɳŶ񣺡£
ȥúӣܾˣǸϡ
ӳҡҡͷЦ֮밲޹ء
Цˣ˿Ǹ¶ĺúӣ˰ɣЪЪ
˵ţҪӳ֣ӳƴǲϣˣʮսսŵļҶǡ
ȴſʳλǡ꿤
ӳգգۣ뾩հȷڹϼûȥЦʩ񣺡СŮϣݼ¡
۾˶ӻ֣ˣЩ񡣡
ӳ΢΢һЦ
Ŀð̾һʱ¿ʲô÷ӣ
ʱֻȴ¡
ֻҪĸ˸ڰҰȻǲҷĿ
ӳ򴽣£иӡ
ʱĿתüΣ
ϰǶϷǻȵȵȰɡ·Ȱ֪಻һʱ
ʱӳû·˵ĻƵġ
ӳЩǰͷģЩС˸鿴Ƿ⣬Ҵ⣬һ۾ܿҪôڹ˽»˳¼ҵĴԲв鲻
ֿܣ˱Ļ˴
ӳʮ侲ڳ֪˵Ŀɶԣ
ԡʱ
˹裬ӳôΪֿܣ
ȷ˵ǰ䱸ɭϣˣǼԼˣҪô֮һҪôͨǣ
ûԵĿܣ
ӳǳǳһЦȻˣǾͿɡ
ô󣿡⻰ǳ·ʵģ⸾ŮֲԼȴ˵ͣ´˷ģŴ
ӳЦЦɫȴҧгݵ󣡡
üʱ֣˲ұӣЩˮưոݣ/£
Ա㣡
ӳһԵĹܼҹȡ˵˼ȥȡǮ΢΢Цš
ʱüһۣĬĬջĿ⡣
ӳȻǺ޲ֻſڵľٶĽˣܿϵ΢΢ 
ں¡
ͷæʱĬĬеĲյڣ壬
תͷʱˣƽź𣿡
ʱĿ
ӳļһġϲĲ裬ڴ£ʱҲһȣһֱΪԷҲϲ
ԭϲź
ΪʲôҪǿԼأ̫ӵϹһЩź컹õġΪ̫ӣȫûбҪίѽ
ӳĿƶ
ʱ治ɫؽвյϣˡ
ˡ
ƽƽ֣ȴð򸾴ʧɫ/𾪵ǰ˻ӣ̽㿴õ𣿡
ʱĬţ˳ǡ
ϲʮĶ˵ľ͸ģǮҲûʲôõİ
ʱֻ塭
æʾ⣺úúã㻰͸㻻
˵ţæָһԵŮҶ̫ӵµȼˣ
˵Ц˵̲Ȣϱô趼û̫˵ˡ
ŵĹ֣ӳɵó˳鴽ǣʱȴʱֻţϺ޲鶼һ
ƽغûĴȤ
ЦЦûǻϹ˵һ˻֣еӣ
Ҿѵǣ
ӳЦЦԷ޵ǼãƢ಻زҸˡ
ЩᣬȻһԷޣԺ檣ŮҪƽԺ
ÿ˶ÿ˵Ŀࡣ
ӳĬĬ
Ź˭֪Ŀأ
̸Ц䣬ŮǶ²軻˿ǵľɲ裬ӳеĲյһڣϤζ⣬ԷһЩ
ӳ²յȴʱ
Ŀơ
ӳʶ
һС
ֵػؿʱʱȴջĿ⣬ֱߵĲ裬һûһںš
ܿ죬ʮȫӳķ˵һ飬ӳʣ˳𣿡
¶ҡҡͷ
ưôס
ӳЦҿǵĴ𰸡
ֵʲô
һҪӡӳڵܿһ˵Ĵ̰Ķ࣬˹ĿԶ࣬˷ֵļʴ󡣡
Ҫô˹׬ǮΪ˽Ǯϧк¼ˡͬҲп̰Ǯץѱֻܳıƺ
ļ۸ƽ޲գգָֽۣϼˣǶ
ʱӹֽֿۣӳĬŵͷ޵á
ȷǼõķӡ


 27 

¼Ҳûļ, ǾĴ֮һ, Ȩƺպվˣ¼ҵŮ̫ѡ֮һ
, ˭ɥĲԳ¼֣ǿһ·, ͵ǣȫҵ¶
ӳļˣԶ׼򴬵ǮҪˡ
˷, ƽ˲鿴, ̰ߵĲ֤Ⱥһܲ
ӳǻѱ
ŵ¹ŵ, ӳ, ʡ
󰸵飬ȫʺ֤, ֤ûСʵĻ, ӳˣ԰˽⣬ûκ, 簲
ͷģ˴ζһ
Ŀƹ, ǼҶ, ԸܼңȥѲǵķ䡣
Լȴʱԣʣǵ֪ν̹״ӿ, һȫѼӲʱǱѼӣ
û˸˵ϵİָѲϡ
ӳ״˾䣺Ƕ˵˵лʲô𣿡
ҶΪвսս˵˼˿ڣֻһ˵ؿūżиĸ޶ޡ
֮⣬вҡ
ӳЦЦָʣǰʲôƵģ
ūǻ԰ɨģɹ¶ĿУ˲Ĳ¶˵ͷ
ӳƫͷ΢΢һЦʶ٣ɨūŻָĥ𣿡
ü·ȴնȻܣɨֲָţҲ
ӳ̧̧°ͣү뿴֣СŮ˶ķ
ӳһĬĬͷĻȥ
˵Ŀⶼϣһҹ㣬͢ƷĿô֪ķ
ʱɨһۣĿ壬鰸ɡ
ɫƽûӳ׵Ļ
ӳЩ棬ʱʳڣһŮޣô֪ķ
ӳĬƬ̣̾¹ؼˡСŮñ²Ҫʡ
һѽ۸
ķйһ
һʱ䣬˵ɫˣɫֱ䣬ĳ֣ƣ
´źӸп塭Ѿͷʵˡ
ӳ㲻ÿࡣ
ûִڴˣӳ˿бСȥʱķӦȴֻĬصü̬һѰ
ӳ֪Լѹǿġ¶ȥˣûһ¶ȴ䵭ġ
ûйġ
ӳΪԼЩܡ
ӳҳȥʣֻͷȽ
ЩӲ̾Ӹĸ߹סӳ֣Цеǻǳȥ߰ɡ
ӳ˵ͷʱͰ򸾣СŮˡ
˵ͷؾ񣬺úɡ 
ʱıӰī۾һ˿繣ֱܿĮȡ
ѾΧһȺŮߴߴӳô
ӳǳǳһЦһ˫˫۾ﲻɵЩůܣЩŮӶȱŵ㣬ȴǻˡ
ǻΪ㣬ҲΪϲ㡣
ϲ񵥴
ӳ״̬ųŮӣŻ飬ΪǲʲôмܣԶ޴ɹ顣
˶Ҫĵط±˺ˣ޷ء
ӳɬһЦû
ǫʲôıпӳƯԷƱǫ飬Ҿ͵ȥˡ
һȺŮЦЦȴġ
һ԰ȥ
ӳ߱ǽžдСС飬ߴߴŮɤͬĸ質һöôӷ
಻ɵЦ
ЦЦţбȴͻȻ߳һ£ڲǳüͬʱмƣֻ࣬ǸŵĹӡ
ӳʶλǣ
ŷĻȱôࡣ
֣ʱ룡
ЦǷӰãôˣ
λƢʱ֪˶ٱǹֵôǰͷˣ
Ŀӳϣ֮ɫþòɢ˵ʱˣ⡭λáǣ
ӳǷӰãСŮ꿤ϡ
ֿ֡ʱĨӾ޵þöûɢȥٺᣬδԶӭʵʧ񡣡
۾һֱӳ ֱģӳֻɬƿĿ⣬ĬĬӣ̾һӣ
ʱĿջŵ
ɵ÷˸ۣȸˣ㡣
ŶŶŶŶ
ӳͷ·ߣʱͷˣһƬ֮ɫ
ԭ˵ġһ˳ǣٹ˹ģŮӣľĸԸΪ١
ӳԶ˲ŸʣôáλǲǡеԾ
ҡҡͷĪҲҲ
ӳ⡣
λӳ黭϶ֻ˶ڴ˵оɫܾ֮޻˵ˡ

ӳͨˡ
ĭɵС˰
һ۷죺ɲ˭֪ɣ㿴ôÿûϲ˵𣿡
⻰˵ʱ˶кöŮϲλүϲԭԼϡ
ӳпѣͷһۣȴλӻվԭճߵķƶûһ
ӳ׳Ĭˡ
ֱۣϸϸ߶
Ҹ˵¶ˣǾһȵļ˶ǸҵĹǣ˳ÿбԸüҽɭϲ¶ȵǹеĻǣȨƿϽȵӹǣȲǰ浫ҲĵȾͰһˡ
Ϊʲôһ˵һ˵ӳס
ӳ˶٣ɵʣ̫ӵأ𣿡
δ˵ŮЦ󣺡̫ӵ²ھŮӼ˵ĶǶûȢӣ
һ̯֣˪籱磬͸ʯͷƵģö˵һ䣬˭Ҽ޸
ڴЦôûУռҹﲻ𣿡
㿴ǼأЦһǸùϧ̫ӵ¶ûǸ˼ٵʮ꣬û˼û˼
˵̹̹Ҳʱ˼
أӳʳﻰҿ̫ǳǳϲ㣬̫ӵһТ˳
ǿɱˡҡͷնҲ䣡
˻һǻʲô׵ļ䣺ǵڻ˵̫̬أʱʲô̬ȣѵû̫Һȱƣ˵תߡ
Խ˵ԽⱲӾûˣ
ǺôҲˡ˵ȥûһأ
ռҸоԹûСмһˣһ
ӳ򴽣һƬ㯡
ǡȹ谡


 28 

˴ؾǵ·, ɽˮ
ϵر, żôΣʱ, ڴͷһȲ, ʱҲֻۣｫȷ¶, ȱϯ
ǡʱδô
ô˾Ȼ𣿡
ֻӳֻһ, 򲻸˵ڵģֻܾЦǼ߶
пҵ̫ӵȢףǰδ̫, ̫, Ҳֱζ
һϷı飬ҧгݵ, ͸ʱĲ״ڸǰƵá
ӳõôݰɡ
, ΰˣһһ㣬νġ
̧§סӳļ, ЦеȺˣǵģӳҸ, иرƯĵط, һȥ
ʲôطӳɻؿ
ĹЦͤɣϲǶ
Ц, ǰϲǶ
֣ͤӳЩ飬Ƕ
಻Լʲôղȥ˺ͤаˣֲʲô¶ܾŻŵģײƼһ
ӳ߱Цӡ
ͤôӳϣֱЬŷŽˮſ˫ֺˬ
ӳ˶٣΢΢һЦЬϰɡ
ʲôûˣ
⵹ǡӳ̾Ϣһˣˮ
˵ӽ𣬻Ҫӵġ
º͵Ŀųˡ
תͷһۣĬĬЬӣ˶ڣֻʣ˵ʱ򣬲ŵʣӳڴΪʲôΪʲôҪߣ
ǶϵԼñ뿪ԼƴϡǸأһ˽ģȥܾ͡ûˡ
ôֱߣ
ӳ㶣ЦҲ˵𣿡
㡭ɤðŵ˵ЩˣպҪģֻңƴҲ㡣
¶ӳʧЦ㲻öģˡ
֪
ӳȥ֣ǶȥˣҲȥɡ
šһһ߽ͬȥǰӳС˵˾䣺Բ𡣡
Щѹʱӳܺԥߣˣһˡ
ӳ¶ԼҲһΡ
Ҷ
ӳûлشֻЦЦ
Ѿ̫һˣǵѾԺֵþߣŵŵͤ͵Ŀջ
гţӳܿȥҲԵ衣
ϧֵʱǶݵģ㿪ĵʱ鷳橶ͬ磬ӳϳ΢Цȴûн
ֻЦеôҲˣ
һͬȥǰֻ˲֪٣ˣ겻ɢ
಻ԼˣЦڳ£Ŀӳϡ
ӳо
Ȼһ˲ͷһǻʳֵģѲɿͻʳ
׼ڱ˴æңӳЦϵİ
Ϊʲô˵ģֻ䣬ʵʲô𣿡
Ķϰʵһûκ⣬ֻԼŻ⣬ƽ䵭ʱ򣬾Ͳ˶ˡ
Ȼû⣬ʿˣý˰ѻʳֵĴϻȥ
Ͳ͹ˡ죬ɵǺǵ̫ӵ¿϶ġ
ȴһС¶ĶֵûʳֲģܰľͰˡ
ֻЦӳϲ𣿡
ϲѽӳЦش֮䣬طģҺ̫ӵ»ȥ·ѾԸ˴ˣһˣûðװ˶һˡ
ɫ˵𣿡
ӳشֻһֱЦš
伸鷳ʹ죬ŴãֻΪԼ⣬û²̨
ȴϰݣǾݹ˲ˡ
⻰ȻǼٵģܶһѾ㹻ˡ
⼸ȴûӰһȺŮ֣Ůסһֱ浽ɫϦ£˲ŷӦˡ
ͨϦ£ǰˮ
ŮǶż뿪ֻӳûߣ뵽˰ǰԺͰڣʱλİڡ
Ƽӳʱ͸Žˣ˫۷Ź⡣
ʱĿ˳룡
ԼӣֿӳЦۺӣЦ֮£Ӧһ
ӳ˵ͷ뽲
ЭˣǸϼҶоԹŴĻǻ븮УŽ𣬲ۿ֣֮̾ǸϵĹⱸĪҪ
𣿡ӳ΢΢һЦӹŮݹУȻӳȴ֮ˡ
⻰ƭ꺢ӻá
һԹ͸˶Գ¼º֣ǿЦ
Ȼô˵Ǿ֤˲ܱ˵˶Ҫӳ
̫ܵ죬ЩпֻõǸҶѾȥ´ˣвֻ˵ڣΪ
ӳҡҡͷûС
ȻѾףұܷˡ
ʱͻȻվӳ߹ͷ߰ɡ
ӳһ㶣£
ع
ŶӳӦһæŰǣ׷ĽŲ
Ȼһ̾Ǹúӣϧˡ
ϧʲôʱʡ
Ҫ޸ӣúһôٵˡ̾ϢϧΪףû˵¡
üµŮ
˭Ůûãֱӵ˭ŮӶǱӣ˭ȵ
ʱĿƣ˵ҪȥһʲȢ
㣿ЦһȥԿ!
ʱһɹģ
ȭͷӳ뿪ķйâ䡣
ӳʱ߳ĴţԼڴСһʱ̫ӵ£
ÿӿʱͷһ
ӳʣô¶
ʱʺΪ
ôһ˵ӳΪΰ򸾲ҪĻ֮ˡ
ԭǻʺΪ
ӳɵصͷ
ǻʺɵģһоͺ޻˵ˡ


 29 

ӳĬĬ, ڳ, ͷԼġ
ʺҪʱȢ̫̫ҪȢ, ռҺͳ¼ҴԼЩ, εҪԸӦҲǳ¼ңǳˡ
ʺ󲻻óںҪĳ, ǳ¼ҵŮ, ǻʺȻѲϵġ
ֻһ˰ˮʱΪͶ飬ܽ޸ˡ
, ³¼ȥһʵ۸״, Ҳûʺ䡣
ӳȭͷ
ڲ¶ӳû˻, ҵʺ, ¼Ůû¶ԸϢˣίӳֻȥ
ûκʺ󿹺⡣
οƾ޾, Ҳã¼Ҳգûκ˻Ϊʺ
ӳһЦ, Ȼޱȡ
㿴, һûȨƵʱ򣬾㱰΢
Լ
䣬ȨƲĹ
˻ʳ, Ͻӣһ·ͻܽ
ӳǰһʱıӰǿһĨЦǹãס
ɵعͷʱǹâȴȥ
һ޽
֪ΪΣĿ͵ģһһۡ
ǳգһһ۾
ͦõģ˽ҹ峿ãеĲ춼ҹΪ˿
****
ա
ӳȥ̫гܽһ鰸ǰд֣ûбľٶ
ɲȥˣ
ӳдֵֶ˶٣Цȥʲô
˵Ҫȥժϻ𣿡
ӳ򴽵ҲҪˡ
һ
ɣ˻ϣҪԼһõĻ䡣ӳ΢΢ЦţѯʣĻȵȪ·κţʯϻͷôȫǺڰ
ǶɻɴܽͷǰĻƿ
ӳţ΢ЦҲִݻõĶ
Ҫȵ֮ʱһ޵ĺɻ۵Ļ̵ĻƵĻ
һƬݰܡ
ӳ֪˵ʲôǲˡ
ǰǷˡ
Цģһúûȥģİɡ
Ц̫ǣȴһ˥ǰѤá
ľġ
ӳеıʣϳõľȻʺڤȥɣı⡣
֦̾ɻԸֽһȥлվ֮
ɵл˾֮ҪԼţūȥʲôأ
ӳ˶٣˵ǡǾ߰ɡ
𣿡
ءӳҪͷԼѣȥ̫Ƕģƽƽһ£ޣҲ
Ŀ⸴ӵؿ
һգſڵϵƼ߹ɷЦԵƬְ̣ȥͨ
ӳصͷ͡
ͷͷ
һӳʱ鷿Ȼڻ԰ӳķɫȻ
ӳάǳЦ߹ȥ̫ӵ¡
ʱ˵ͷ£
Ȼʺڤҳ˾Ȼʺ¡ӳװžĺӵݸߣл̫ӵ֮
ʱǸӴžСһһ档
ˡֶ˶٣л
֪ΪΣ˶Ĭˣһۣԡ
ΣӳЦЦѾ˵ˣӳȸˡ
ʱ죬΢΢ȥüĿЩ
ӳûͣתߵķɿ졣
ķж죬ж죬԰ĺϻסıӰ˿Ʋ
ʱͷźľ飬Ŀ˳ȥӵ
ӵһڣʺʱڣһԵСϸʵۼкң߼бЦڻ帮ϣǳ¹ôɣҷͰˣǶӳָʹģһ
ô˵ӳҲǸԲĿƷоλȴҡҡͷʵҲֲӳزģǣűҲ֮١
ӳǸúӡʵ۵˵ͷӹĺңп̫ЩŲ̨档
ϧˡʵ̾ϢһĸǾž޵Ůȴһ롣
ʱЦλòãƾòҲƵǾˡ
㰡ʵЦҡͷǰվͬȢֵܣɲٶˡ
᲻ᡣʱæҡ֣ܺͿһ޶֮ϡ
˵ӵĻ£ʵۺ̾޵ǲģֻ
ʱĿ˳һĨ֮⻮漴Цʳʲ̫ĵƣļҹʺ
˵ǡʵҡͷЦЦǸӣ޲Ҳûá
׻˵úã˵ܲٲܲٵ߸ʱС̫ʹҴææ˽£̫ӵˣͷء
ʵ۴ֱӣһ©ȵʱ
ʺͬʱһۣ֮ͬڸǲסֻܼͷȵĺܣЦʳ˼˰ɡ
ûʵ·ͷȣѱԶð
С̫ǲԸͿʼˡ
̫ӵײӵÿιʦڵģӭӹһ㣬ʵ۵Ķӣ
룬Ҳû˸Ҷ˵һֻ֣ܻʵ˵ʲô͸ʲô
ʱ߽ʱ򣬻ʺɫĿģɶԷиûǣ񶼲ϣֻŻʵ۵ʡ
ʵ̧̧֣񣬰Ϊ£
ʱ¹ػʺ븸ҡ
ʵۿʺһۣ΢΢üʺʲô
ʺίίؿŻʵۣһʱӿˮ£檡檲֪޹ġ
˿Ȼʺڤ¶ǳ檵ڴ̫ӵµǸ
ʱΪհ֮¡
ʵ۾ȵʺղûȥ¶ô͸ǣˣ
ʳ˵Ҫ֤ݡϸϸ磬˭۸Ƶģڻʺࣺհ¶ԼȻҪͷʳ𣿡
ʱֱԵʺָʹҶԳ¼ҵĴֽţó¼ŮЩˮ졣
ʵɫò
Żʵ۵ǶڰˣֻǼҶĻԹĸ޹ء
ʱС֪ʳֲϲĸӼȶ񶾵ĸеģʳַһ·
ߡЩˮλ꿤ǳͣǻʳȥȵˣôֲֻأ
⻰ȻҪ¶ʱϣ˵ʱӳݺʺġ
λͣʱ۹ⶼһֻŻʵۣڳʣӲ˵ѡ
ʵĿͷʺ쬵ʣ¼ҹָʹӳ
ʺĿ⺧һݡ¡
ʵ̧־һ˦ڻʺϣôĵӣ
лҪ˵ƻѵѽ
꣨
վãݵ΢ȴò正սΪй̳ĹߣȳΪҡǸ˽𺣬ȴйᡣ
ˣڵսļ֮£Ѷֻ˵һѾ߶ѡ
֪еᶼǼ
һֻۣص˽ȰΪʱΪ˱סԼС͵͵Ŀ׼˻͵Ȩˡүؽϡ
˵ү棬ž֮񣬲Ůɫ
վˣѾ˼òȴ䷨ͷһƴɴɢ͸ˣȵĸηֱʲô
һҹ֮˿ɽ˭֪ʱǰҲˡ
С糡
ȥԺѡˣүŮװվˡ
  վүߣ촽źϣĹӲ˹˹ĵģѧʲĹӣǸߣС
ؽԼ£ϵʱڣ:˭ã
վ۾϶˵:үǡõģǶȲϡ
ǲҹꡣ
Ķָϣ
1ؽ꣬cpҡ
ϸɲŮС׻
2û׷޻᳡ֻд޳


 30 

һƴ̫, ʱһ, ûϵӦ˼ҡ
˹סЩ˦ڵϵĻʺ󣬵ʡϢŭ
ʵ˵ʲô, 飡
, 䲢ǹ˵ġĿƳʺǰʾ˻ʺ֮, ǰĴ, Ǻӳһò߸ʵĳ谮šĻ𷣰, ĸ޹أ
⻰˴, ųͷʮֳ, ƫҪһ䡰ĸ޹ء, δ֮ӡ
ʵĿתʺϣʵΪҪ¼Ѿͷ
Ļףʺ󼱴Ҵҵ檲û¼ҹ
㻹Ӳ
ǡʺ챳Żʵۿ, ѵѵǼ꿤
빬⼸գﳼ檺ֶ԰䰮, 綼̹, ʵšų²ߵġʺ˵ţ˳ƶ, ֻһѵûб˼
ʱʣĸȱĳ˺ĸһ׼˾ˡ
⻰һڣʵŭƺ˼֣ʺæ£ȷŵģȴһѵһָš
ʱ䵭ؿǡ
飬ʺδʱЦʵʳЩ¶ģôʽˣ
Ķŵģƺѯʣһ޶
ʱ˵ͼʵۻ˻֣㲻ʰǴԸʲôȥʲôݲʣ
ʱµ˵ֻܵǶԽ
⼸֣ǴＷģŸŭԵıߡ
ûʵ۵ڻʺϣ쬵أǰܽ£Ҫ㣬ǰˣȴԲģڰס
ûСʺʧɫæߵףûҪ˺
ʵ磬ֻԸһԵĹˣʺ£ǸȻʺ󹩷ˡ
¡
ʣĸ챻ڹУ˼ᣬӳԲʱæȰ»ʺı𷣣ԸӴĸĸܷ
Ȼڵϣֱ㶵󸸻ĸ󡣡
ͷģǸصģڵϿžžવصʣŮĴĸ޹ģ󸸻ĸɡ
ĸһڵϿ޵ңʵɫЩϾĶŮڵԼ˭ʯĳ
οʲô¶ӳ⺢Ƣãƽϡ
ʵ۵ɿڡ
⸱龰ʱʴðɣˡ
񶼲⼸ˣתͷߡ
ʵ۶˶٣
ʱͷԼĸס
ʵ۳ĬƬ̣û¶ˣȥɡ
ʱȴˣʣ㻹жȢռŮ𣿡
һ仰˵ûʵ㶣Į촽΢΢ͷڵϵļˣŭЦ
ԭԭʵֱߵĲյѹأ̫ϲ¼ѾͷǾͺ˳¼ѾͷѹְͶȢޣǱ˲ٶ°ɣ
˼ҹﵫе˼ͱǺˣ˭ҸǣʵŭգǲǲȢ磬ǾһȢӣ
һߺ˼ҹһ߸޽ޣȢޣҲ԰ǺֶΣʵ۵ŻʺʮָŻʺ˵
ʱȫˡ
ʵȴȥĻ۶ˣָŻʺðŵ޹
俴һĻһ˿⣬ԽԽ˲ֱӵ˵ϡ
һˤ̫ͻȻʵۺͻʺˣʺ§ס壬䣬䣬£ȾȰ䣬ôˣ
޵˺ѷΣȴûûзűʵ𷣵ʱ򲨶
ʱɫȻһߵ̫и̫ҽ
ʵ۱ۣҡҡ֣ǻȥɣʺţȲóˣȻǾͻȥš
ɿڲˣʺϲֲұֻܵͷּ
ʵ۲ͷʱ
ֱ⣬Լ谮ĶӣɰͰҲȫ²ܣӹſ󣬿޵ιȥ׵಻ò
ֻ°ԹԼ
ʱī۾ģʣˡ
ʵ̾ϢԹ𣿡
ʡʱ֮ܺˣԹޡ
Ϊ˵һ䣿
ĸڤĸףЩίⳭд˾ңΪ壬һˡ
ѾǰѹˣҪŵĸ׳д飬ֻһɣ˿رҲ塣
ûˡ
ʵ۶˶٣Ѿͷˡ
ǻʺ󲻶ԣίʵ̾ϢһԻᰲľǡ
ʱء
Ÿ׵ʱ򣬻Ǳ˶һЩģʣЩȻʺ֮²δΪ֪ʾͲضᡣ
ʵ۳ĬƬ̣Ȼ̾Ϣһ㻹Թûʺ󣡡
ǲΪ򱧲ƽ
۳Լһֱ˵ʵ̾˼˽㲻ͬ
Ŵ⣺ʺ껳˫̥ǧ°ͰӣЩӻãʵġ
ҲˣǹޣѾͷ޵εˣִ⴦1ӸԴ
ʡʱĳƪۣʱʽ̵飬ԻͬҲΪʥ֮أ
أ
ִʵ۵νǼġ
Сʱӵ̵ֽΪ֮ΪԵ£Լȴ
οͨաʱŻʵۣɫȻ꿤¹ؼһأȻ޸ĸһˣܱ𣿡
ʵһֱ˵
ԲһƷΪûɽ裬οǧأǱ۸ˣ״ĻᶼûС
λѹλߣٻѹգΪ֮δʧܡ
޵磿
֪
ʺڹнŪ겢һ֮£װģݵģֻҪԸ⣬ܿܽ
ֻܲܺ
ȻĴ˵һǧһ䶼ûô  
ʱ֣ˡ
ʵҡͷˣȥܽһˣȥǸѾͷ
лҪ˵ǰ岻ûд

 31 

ʱͷʣ
ʵ۵߰ɡ
ӳʵûϵʵۻʱܽ, ŵòᡣȻԸ, ʺ֮ìܵĻʵվԼͷ
ֻ²Լ˻ʼҺͲˡ
ӳ߳, ɫͬ, ߼硣
μ¡ӳ
ʵɫӵؿźð, ֻӳзë, ŵɡ
ӳǸʲô˼ֻͷš
ʵ۲ڰ¶, Ѿˡ
ӳһ, ʶʱ
û뵽ʱȥһʵ˵¶
˿ģԵ, ˭û, ȴϻΪһͷ
ûõνҲָ˭ֻи˶, ⱲӶֵˡ
ʱز˵ֻлʵ۵ôģޣ
Ůû뷨ӳ˶, ֱԵ, Ů಻С
Ŀʵʵظһ飺Ůȷûκ뷨
й˺Թ԰, Ƕһ˲¶
˻һиָĲ⣬ڼʮʲôѧֻһ졣
ʲôҪϡ
ٶ౧Թûãû˻㡣
ٿۣԼһȥ
ʵ۱ĻµĿһ첻֪˵ʲôô˵ֱ˵ԼԹޣԹ˵ãҲѹ
ʱֱӵ㲻
ӳãؿʶûа
ǡ˶٣û˵ڡ
ôΪΣڶ֮ʱǰ䵭ĪǲԹԼΪԹޣΪ䵭أ
ʱЩֲˡ
ʵƫͷܽĻݲݣʺ֮Ͱĸ޲Ĵ
Ůס
㲻ףʵ۶Ȼף͸õ޸ǰ֣һƵ᲻Ϊģ
㲻ǸʮС˵Ụ㣬ûã
ӳ˵֪꣬Ķʵ𣿡
𣿣
һʾ䣬ͬһ㣬ʵ۶Уļϣ߻ʵжôȡ֡
Ȼαǿ˰뷨ߣ
ѵΪԼһ㣬Ҫ˲ͳ棬ǰ
ʵ۳Ĭؿв֪ΪΣһһ㰧㸸ĸһ񡣡
ҲǻԼ˵Ӱӡ
빬Щӣ˭󶼻Ƶĸͷϡӳʵ̫ϲĸȥ꣬װģκ
ŮǳŮȸȸĸĸȻһ
ʵȥĻͷ֪Ϊλʺ𣿡
Ȼ롣
ӳʱ
ʵ죬ȴȻ̾Ϣˡ
ƺǳƣҡҡ֣̫䣬ӳֻպ󲻺ù
ӳЦմů⣺£ůֻԼ֪
ʱѵÿڣ㵱治Թ𣿡
ӳһ٣ʧЦ£ĲԹ
ʱ㲻ֻͷ˳˼Īˡ
ӳǰ䵭˵߾ߣΪԹޣ
Ϊʲô
ǰãߴߴģ˪ȥ¶ʱʵ벻ͨΪΡ
ԽĬ
ʵҿˣзһ˿ʱʶ
ʱ̧ʣ
ʵʣʲôأ
¡ʱ˶٣ӳתͷʵۣʽǰ͡
ֻΪһ仰
ʵ̾Ϣһ㣬޻𷣻ʺֻǲøˡ
ӳһ
޻ʺչ֮ȨҲ𣿡
ӳȻ⡣
ֲجΣʺ󶥶ǺۣΪҪˡ
ֻҪһţͲܿŽȨ
ӳʶء
ֱԵ£ʺ֮λ󣬽Ȩʵס
ʵӣԵ±Թ𣿡
ʥƣֱԹӳԥʺ÷ɽδûʸԲ֮ƹ֮֮
ӳ˵ֱ׳ݵ䣬˿еĻҺͺ¡
ʵ۲֪뵽ʲôĵҲá
޻м¶Ҫ㡣
뽲
СǰЩޣȢʵ۵֪¶𣿡
ӳ֪Ҳֻܼװ֪ȻղǷͳЦˣŮ֪
޽޸Сĸףĸ˿ƫ𣿡
ʣӳδʱü
ʵֹ㲻Ҫӳ㣡
ӳֻԼﺹ乵ģӽŵ׳嵽ͷʵ۹Ȼ˽޸ӵ˼˼һա
˵һǧһʵٶ࣬Ҳں˵Ů
ܻã޸ԼĶӣѾĪĶ䡣
ӳĿʱϣЩİˡôһˣûԼ䡣
Щ˼һԼҲ䲻
ӳŮ֮ѵ𣬲ǺˣԽȥֻǹˡ
ӡӳ˶٣£¶
ҪֱӽԸġ
ڻʵСֻЩƤǸСӣûеʮĵز˾ܾĶӣԼӵĴֻΪ˲ʶô
ֻ̫ѡ
ʵ۳ĬƬ̣ʵԼԸ𣿡
ʱڳһ˿ŵӳͻʵһĻش̬غڴһǳǳĹҴ¶
ϧӳûƼɫֻͷЦһƾ°š
ʱһĨʧ֮ɫ


 32 

ƾ°š
ʵں޸˭ֻҪǻʵ۵ּ, ӻ˶ûʲô
ʱĬ, ͷںڵķ٣һͷ˿˳Ʈ, ѻѻ, ƺסۡ
ʵ۵ͷȻû
ʡʱס, ĸ, 
ʵһԼţ㲻˵Щˣ˰, պɡ
ʵɫӵؿһӳ, ޲Ŀ޶, ֻܷľǡ
ӳһֱû̧ͷ, ޴ӵ֪ϵɫֻǷ°ݣŮл¶䡣
ģƺĲ⡣
ʱ, ȴ֪˵ʲôֻóĬ
ž, ʵ̾Ϣһ, Ҳضɡ
ʱӦˣֿһӳ, ȴֻǷͱ£̫ӵ¡
˿û̧ͷ˼ֻ䵭ģҲûѰʱĽĸоʲôںһ
һҹ֮䣬ͱ˸ˡ
ûܲ͸뷨Ҳû֪̬ȡ
ͺղŴȥһ磬壬оԣִʱȴʲôץס
˲
ʱſڣֻĸлľ顣
˵꣬ӳתͷˡ

ȻʺڤһգǸ죬ϵһƬƬƮţɸ״һ任
ɻʹȴһ֡
ʱ̫빬⣬ȴƲ˵ļݡȻʺʮڤ֮ǰЩӻʵȻʺ糤˸ҵˡ
λ糤Ű裬ûҵˣȻʺ𷣣̫󶼲Ϊɼʵж
糤⣬۱ˡ
ʱȻʺˣ̻̲գնҴǰˡ
һ磬󹬾ۼѵһڱǰΪȻʺջʺţǰš
ʱӶʱ򣬾ͿŮˣʵӣһ޵ʵУȻʺ˺Щ꣬ɥ
ԽΪݵ΢ȫʵ۳谮վȽŸȴһֱ̫ģ֪Ϊֺʱ̫ӿ޵ױˡ
ʱһֱۣ߽ڡ
ĸϲЩŮˣҲϲӣֻĸӶ˲á
ʱǰĸ׵λһ˿
ĸȥ磬СʱȻиǧ۰ٳģϾôæ¼ˣټ£ʱûٳԿͷ
ǶʲôĽģʱջʺǣԼһ˫Ůĸ֮¶
ÿʱʱûôɺˡ
ֽĬĬǸλе˸һ
ĸףҺϲһ
Ҳϲ
ǰңɫŮӽǻȴǾɫеľɫǲǸΪ
ʱţȻһһ˸У϶⡣
񲢲ϲҡ
ĸףҸô죿
ţ˵ڵĻȫĸףһ˫۾īɲ⣬²͸޷̽ķֺ
ãʱվ˶˫ȣվ߳ȥȻŮӣȴֹкλŹˡ
ʱĿһɫϣӳļΪ嵭һŴӼȴг̬
ʱþõɢ˰ɡ
ջʺһֱû˵ֻڴ̫ӵ˵Ķ̭ˣ
ʱ⣬Լʱ̭ˣ
ǵȴһȵڣȴȻʺûϣ±Ҫߣδ̫ˡ
ʱɫӣΪӸеǣԼܽ᲻ɵˣҪԼһӡ
ûĸ档
꣬㻹˼ҵ
֪⻰ĸ˵ģʹһȥˡ
ҭסֿҲ˼
ʱ޵ۣôŮ˵ģ޿ģ㲻ŷ𣿾Ȼһʮꡭ
ὯֻջʺʺȥɣĸڤѹǼݡ
ĲԸĸ󿴼Щ˵ģЩʲô޹أǷĸİ
Ҫݣ߱ǡ
ûǸģͲҪ顣
ջʺŮվˣˣ̫ӵҲСŵӣ˵ٱˣ̫ѹ
˵ᣬȴûʲô飬ֻܷܰˣͬĶʮ꣬һֱǻ
ϰΪ
ʺ뿪ȻҲԸ̫ɹţϥۣҲȫվҪߡ
ȺȴһӰۡ
ӳûߣûɹֱͦÿط֮˫ַأͷȥ
׼ļ
һ˿
棬ǸģͺڼݺҪˡ
浽û˵Ĳϡ
ʱȻţĿиط˿һӣһȵҺ·˳ǵӣעȥҪſ˵                        
лҪ˵˼ǣڳԸ²ʱ

 33 

ȵķ, ֮, ʱѹе뷨վ, Ⱥȥ, վûн
ûǸģʲôʸȥأСҲ, ʱҲ, ԣƺ޲ͬ
ӳӰȺʧ, ʱعͷһ۴, ƣʲ塣
, Ϊһ˽Ļٵˡ
ĸһ, صޡ
һ޴ͷ˶к³Ů, նԼϵõģ
ǸˣӦúöȹһС, Ǳ㿴, ô࣬ҵһġ
ΣĽ˿ȸ
Զ, յ龰ʹ͸ðǡ
żӭŮͷ¶棬֪ڸׯء
ڼǰ
ӳҧ´԰׵ĴͿ糺֬ȴҧİ߲¶۵Ĵɫ
򽿻ǡ
ɫȴ͵ͨ졣
ŵʱԼֻǴ·ɨһۣӳ΢΢˲ͺȶɷʱȥֻʣ޾߲ѡ
ε߲ѣǧɽˮܸ֪
û˵߹̤ĴšȴӳվǶ֪룬Ⱥ˶ҪȥǰģǶ룬̫ʡ
Ǽ˵Ҳ뿪
Σܿϯ
ͷһۣž棬ȴͬһȺ͵ĳкӳţϡ
ӳ̫ˣϲ廨ЬϸĲӸǵĽŲֻܽӿ첽ߵļΪ
滨ϣ㺹Һ˳ŶھӨ˵°ϣִһһȥǰ½ϡ
ӳһֻţϸĲļѣæͬһֻæµĺ
ʱ֪ʲôȻͣ½Ų
ӳͺͼһһͷӦһͷײϡ
ʱԸˣ/Ӳ/ͷײ͸ײǽƵģСܵ;ײǽ
Ǻ۵ġϸ׵϶ͷ۾ܿƵ۵ʵ̲סԼ
ʱͷƳһۣĿġ
һעţӳЩţæͷǸˡ
ͬ΢磬΢΢⣬ǱѩҲñڻʱֻһۣû˿Ӧתͷ
ñ衣
ĿǧٳҲαأ
ߵĳʷ»Ҫſ𣿡
ЦЩӵؿڣӳȻȥɡ
֪⣬ֻȳϣʵڲʺţʲô¶Ժ˵
ǰ鶼Ƶӳͷˣ˿ԼġӳһԲصͷǣ塣
˵ˣʱع
ڼ֮⣬ʱĬĬۣŨܵĽëסƤһӰԵĪ⣬ӡ

ȻʺڤûŵҲƽԴջʺ󱻻ʵ۹ؽ󹬶࣬˶԰ˡ
ӳȴν䳰ȷ⣬ûԵķ¶ֻ̫
ɻʺܱܲһӣ󹬵л֮ãɽ֮ǰʵ˷˳
ջʼҾÿգۺƷϹԱŮ빬һ棬ܳɾһԵĶ¡
ɣʵҲϧԼʥּ룬´ͻּ⡣
ԣɽǹֵĽգ˶Ľա
ɶǹеˣɽڵʮΧӳ
ϻСǽδϵãʱֻ˼ҷǣէ˵лū澲Ǻù
ģһƷʰԱʧ뿤޹ءɸͷЦҲ뿴ЩǧСĽء
ӳҡͷЦˣ
ȥɾͲˡ
ġûõ
󿪵ĴͷЦˣ˹һ׼Ƽˡ
ӳЦЦ԰ô磬㲻߶𣿡
ô᣿ȻʧЦ˶࣬԰ȴˣô߶ġ
涪ˣë
û˵
ϴ֮ӳΪҹ׼ѣžաɽڣǳ貶Ŀ԰ǧѡ˼»ɫѣɫţҹﲻ̫ۣʡñ˼ҡ
ͷζֻ֧ϿƷķڣ֮һС
ӳԼǲˡ
ߵ԰Ѿ࣬ɢ˵ӳһ߹ȥһĺӳ
ͷһǳ
ͬ潾ױǴޣȺâĿ˶ġ
ӳ߹ȥЦô磿
򴽣㴩ĺذ
ӳﲻԸڽҹͷҲ˵ʲôֻЦŷʣÿ𣿡
Ȼÿ
˳úÿһοţȴԵһҫףǳ˿ĵƻ
ʿˮÿ
ҡͷȻôǺÿģǻ硣
Ϥһ㣬֪ˣӳŵ٩˺ÿǲˣ
ֻһ˵ûȻһֵĹҲ֪ߣѹšһ
ӳĿɿڴ
ֻΪʱͷЩƵķ£ȴ֪ýʲôźáʱûϵҲ޹ϸ
Ȣ̫õѡ
ٺòԼܡ
ϲΪѣӦΪˣףҸ
ӳ䲻ϵˣϡǶúõģ㲻ظеѹ
ӳ֪˵ʲôֻͷͣ۾ĹȴЩ
ʱ̫ӵ¡
ҧҧ´Ц̧ͷϳ۾ǿҪϲˡ
ߴߴģӳǰ䶼ûˡ
ӳ񣬳ȴһѽ󣬶ˣߵչ
ӳ̧磬ֻһˣӰӳ΢΢üѰϲ뽹ϵģôִ󳡺ϲһˣ
Ѿߵǰ¹
չӳףЦſ
Цʣչ¶𣿡
֪ʲôзɿһˮžžવص¹ҹɽڣɲҡ
ͷչ˼
Ҷ֪ˣ¼ڽ´ͻ飬֪¹ϲİģ¹
ǹһĨЦסӳ֣ʲô˰Ҫ㣿
ӳ򴽣ҡҡͷչ֮£ĸ֮ý֮ԣڡǸã
αذͰ˼˵ֻ
ϴ֮ͬͬǰ֪Զٹｲ˼ҹƤһ㣬ֻôӦ
Īڶ̫ĴţôģŮӾ˵Լʱ˼ҷ֣
ӳɵøп
Ȿ¹ԵģֻԵ
Ȣ̫ţ̫ʱڳ
ӳ̾Щ߰ͷѹȥ
̫˭ܹ鲻ûҪûҪ
类Ļµһ죬ĸף֪Ƥ񣬿ɡϲ¹ûܻû»ȥ
⻰ĲС
ӳͳһƤ񣬳⻰ɱ˵ҵȥ˵㣡
ǲӦģ˼˲ֻеĻɳģ˵Ϳޣ˵ֻɵװ
ģȫǶǴԼ
ﲻˡ
̾Ϣһףȥұ£


 34 

Ϧڴͻǻʵ۵¶, ֮», ȻǽԴϲ, Ҳûκ
ȥһʵ˵¶, ǰëûС
ӳȴȫȻôһ¶
˭ĻҪʵأ
ȴʱӦûڶˡ
ӳ, ЦšĿת, ҧίѣ¹ȻǲҵϣҲÿ, ǰЩӿǾȹ
ӳɫ˵չĻ, ˡҲܹͬ¹ĻйϵΪҪҵϣ
߹, Ը˹ܲ, α˳أ
ӳɫԽ䵭
ҪӲˡһΪģзǳ֪̫ӵ, ˿ɼ
չǡӳȻĻҴӲ˭й֣ûгԽ˵, չտڰˣ
俴, ϣ֪һ˵ʲô
˲¡
ſ˵ʲôȴһ, ӳ֮£ĸ֮ý֮ԣŮԼģչﻹȥʾɡ
ػȴȥӳȺ̫ӵ£
һǧתʮ飬Ϊ֮Ŀ
֪Ļ֮еʲô
ӳʶͷƼ˲ɫӣʱûģģ磬ֻɨӳһۡ
ӳȭͷһͬ񣺡ݼ̫ӵ¡
գգۣĴתӳֿʱЦ½硣
ʱ̬ȵǱȶԺһ㣬ûеһš䣬ٱ˼ůһ㡣
ϸȥۿﶼᡣ
ӳͷĿֻʣĽźҡ°ڡ
ʱﶼŮӵģ߹˵֮ӦǶ׼ģʱҪԼǰ
ӳ䴽ЦЦĵκ˿ӵĻᡣ
̧ͷǸ浾ļ꿤
ƺЩɻʱԼ°ͣЦӳһѳʱ£ҺӳȥǱ棬Ա㡣
ʱ򴽲ǵıӰī
ղ˵Ļȫʱ
˵κꡣ
飡
ʱתߣȴ̫ӵ
£ҪȢ̫ҪԴ
ʱһ٣ڸһۣȴ⸴ӣڿһɵʱǳЦ
ո˵һ֣ԺȨ
ɫŮǷ֪ռҵŮ˸ǻӹɣһжûʱ򣬾һ˳һ̨Ϸ
ʱһӹҲȢռŮ
߳ܣʣ£Ű裬ʺϡ
֪ҪͻϢһͱ̼ʵͻĶļҹӣʹҴܹȥҳߣҪ⡣
ڸʱ·ֱʳֻ
Ѱʱ򣬶ׯģȻʲ⣬ܴ̼ˡ
ʱֻüֳĬ
ĳĬУĬ⣬һʱ䵽Ȼ
̫֮ӵ£ڿȢӣȢĻǺҳ¼ҵıŮ֮ϣɲŮò 
ֻϧλãֶû̵
˶֪ϲ̫ӵ£֪պܼܲ޳ȥϾռҲǿȱĹӸñӡ
㶣ԭأʱứ 
¡ɤί˭Ƿġ
ʱ΢΢üתߣûΪͣһ̡
ֻĵƻУȻã˫ۡ
ᣬȴӳһСߣûҵƣںģΪΣһںߵʯϣ
ȿ˿ڣӳ鲻ã
޷
ӳȻӣʹ˵ͷ
ǲãǳá
סġ
ʣΪ̫ӵ£
ӳָһҡͷǡ
ͷ̫ӵ޹أ鲻ãֻǵԼĻ£κ˶ûϵ
ǿЦעҪ޸ӵܣҲܼ޸öɣһྴ㹻ˣ󸻹ݻֻ¡ 
ֻĻ
ġȻȻӿڣӳͬ䣬϶Ʋġ
ӳҲ̫ңԼĻ¶Ӽ걻͵ʼãû˶á
̫ˡ
Ҫ޸ӣʹ졣
Ϊ̫ˣ˲ò֡
⻰ӳЦˣģЦ⣬Ҫһ£һƹء
һ촩ϼ£޸Լϲˡ
֪ܣҲܷеϣ
һʵۿ͸Ϊأ
ôֵֹô࣬˭֪᲻һֵأ
û߳ǰʵ۸ڶδӣ⣬Ӧǻġ
ΪԼҲΣһܻ
üö
ˡ
ӳ޸Ǿ綾ޱȡ
֪ʵܸܲı⡣
¼޸䣬ԼĺһãҲͰˣٲӶ
̫ˡ
ӳЦЦü۾续ð 
֮⣬Ȼøô졣
ֻһЩ
ֻҪһЩͿԶꡣ
㹻 
סģп˵ЩӳôãԺ϶ģ
ӳüЦˣͷĵƻȻЦǸóȥˣҪʼ
߰ɡ
߽ȺУԼλ˶һۣЦ 
ӳ̧־ٱͳһ¾յʱ۽Ƴʱ䵭ա


 35 

Ǹģ, û顣
ӳѹֵ, һǸ߸˵ĳɲ̾Ϣһ
Ǹù, , ֺˣ͸һһ, , һ졣
ʱ
΢΢ȻʵҪڽҹͻ飬ʱֵ䵭, պ, ˸ιӣ
⻹ǰװװ, ˱󡭡
ӳü, Щ΢ѹ
֪ΪԼΪÿ˶úõ, Ҹ֣һȴиָĲ⡣
ĽŮ, οء
ֻӳûʸʲô, ǳ¼һʱ๵ˡ
ǧַǣֻòؽԼĵ, ˵ڵʸûСһϣȲ¸ң±˳˵Լ⡣
ʵѾȴ˶¸ҡ
ӳžյһƣ̧Ц罿վĶǣ˫
ӳԼ˼ţǰȴһӰ˶Ŀİģ
ӳ΢̧ӣ
ǰʱ룬ս緢ǰ߶߶ģͬ
ǣһɬ˵ϷƵġ
ӳͷԣֻһ˫۾
ʱ̿ˮĿİڨȴǣճʲôԱ𣿡
ӳĬƬ̣ʲô
ɵġ
ӳ̾Ϣһ˵ָӵζʱ빻ɵģ˹˵ɵ⡣
ȴɵ˸жС󣬻ǵһ⣡
ʲôԱ𣬶
ѰɵĹģԣĿİĻĳЦ
ʱͷɵЦûûʲôʡʡ
ӳ̾΢ЦϲĿ룬ըȣԵĺܱлӹġ
شԼʱ㶣ӳעӵУתȥҴܵˡ
ӳһʱĬĬıӰ˵ĶԣλӣʵڲǸѰ
Ķġ
ӳһǰĬţûʱ䣬̫¼ݵʺݵ
ۺŻĹڷһͬ߳ɫ˸·ڵƹ·Ź⣬ף󲻷
ӳգգ۾°ݣݼ£ʺ
֮Ϧ㿪ʼˡ
Դϴαʵ۽󣬻ʺʵ࣬һ仰û˵ֻţʵز䶼ûһ磬ʡ
ƹѲʵЦʣǺӣҪʲô
Ҫͻ˼˶ʱܳ顣
Ȼ䣬ͼȺվӳʶˣüĿ磬¡
ʵЦ˵ɡ
ӳţĿǷĺѡҲ֪ҪȢļҹ
ڣȢŮ³֮
ŮʵЦˣ°䣬Ů𣿡
£Ʒò˫ȫʮ⣬´»
ã
һһ͵ģӳȴȫȻסˣӳˣ˶סˡ
λȢľȻǳɸղŲ˵Ҫ޸̫ôȻˣ
ʲô·
ʵЦʥּЦǽ¿״ԪɣΪ壬ʮֿһ׮̸
ӳԾˡ
λݴˣҳĹӸ磬¹󡣳¼ҼŮ˼ңȳ޸̫ӻ˳Ծ
ӳһԻ󣬲ôᷢչġݳúܺãѧʶӦҲãƷҲǸˡ
ɲܴʲôطȣ̫ӵ°
һʸ̫Ůӣ޸幫ӡ
ӳ̧뿴Ƿʲôȴֻһ۵Ц˵Ρ
ҸǺٺڹŮϿġ
ӳȻ
¼Ϊ̫۰Ů˻ѹŻὫ޸ݡ
Ϊ
ֻҪϲһж⡣
ӳĽĽز֪ôӺδ˵ҲԸͳһ޸ϲˣʵûһٻҲν
٣֪ΣҪ
ӳ˱ۣų¶һõЦݣ룬Ĵָһ¡
ƼˣظһЦõ̫
Ϣһ˷ӦͿʼԣ£ҾңܽŮ޸ӵܣ⡭ǡ
ڽӵܱȲ壿
Щӣ̲ס
¼ҼŮθɣûʵۿڣ´˻ȥҼҵŮϲ޸˭޸˭ǽϵ·ߵԷֻҪϲҳ¼Ҷ
οΪ֮˿ɼŵ֮Ц̾
ӴǶģӲ֣˭ҲûҵĻʲô˼ҵļҲҪ˵ģһǲŵԣýŵ𣿡


 36 

ý
, ķͬһ, ⲻݣ, ſھͽԷ첱Ӵ֡
һ, ͢䱻ָűýţƫ޻Է, ȱʵѰ
ӳͬ
˵ö, ˼ԼĻ£ԼĸԸĸ, ֹʲô¶أ㵱ڷ
͢ȺΪٵĸѰ󼰵ĺƤ, ˺߳Ƭ̣ܿ, , ϼŮȱöԡ
Ȼ֪öԣǱ㲻ضԣ
⻰ֻ˵, ´˺ݶ˵һԸĻ£ԼӦǸ, ôСŮ, ڱϴñӡ
ԣ´ֻ΢ЦԼŮ˿ûĴ㡣
¡λ踺, ֻûĻ˹֮˼Ů壬ӵܸԴϾҪ˴ҵȵļǣ˵ҵȲ𣿡
ͬԹѾãݿƾ֮ʱͱһ磬׿׵ѧʶѹĶԷ˵ųɹᵽλá
ĳЩġ
һ˵ӳǵؿ
ԵŮҶӡǲǸ÷ѡֻǳʵ䲻ϳ
Ҳ֪գܲܳɡ
ӳȫǵǡ
ţȴʵҡҡ֣̾ϢѾͷˣ޹أֻðˣǲ̫Զ
ٶŮѵģֻŵڶɢһˣͬϷͷףʲô𣿡
ʵ˵ЦˣĪ󣬰ҲϷһϯ֮أǸɢԧ֮
˵ˣǲҶԡ
ʵ۰ҪΪ˼ҳϷĵʶǷԣǾϷﱻˣǰַĻᶼ˼ҡ
𽥰ʵ֣گɡ
ֺǺǵл¶䣡
ͬ¼һͬл˶ʵЦ¼Ů¼ޣɲ˼ҡ
ݶʥ
ǻϲģƲסԼǱ߿
ӳһЦ
ɲŮò֮ϣѵãôԵ͡
ǧ׵ãΨһ֣ˣֻġ
ñѵ顣
ţʵָҶŮ»ûֳʲô¶˳˳ϲѡ
ӳʮָˣ˿š
ʡһӳֻûһ䣬ѪҺ·𶼶סˣŤӻͷֻһۣ޼üҪ󸸻ʣ
ʵЦȸ֮飬СҲ¶
Щ
վЦ£СҲء
ʣҪȢֿʴͻ顣
ӳеĵģϸ۵ֱδĸŮܴϱĵĿ־;ţɼһ㡣
ӳЦһֻվſҪ˵
ɻδڣһçײĸߺִӱ
ʱһ¶飬ƺ֪ǰʲô˵ĻȴʲֶҲȢֿ
ʵЦ⵭˵
ӳľ
ԼҶΪûӣֻøվ£⺢úܣòϲĹ³֮
̾ϢһҼҰδ䣬ܲģȻ֪ãǺƤָ䡣
򸾵꣬ʵҲСԼĳӸʱضãƵģȢӣֵĻʵۺ̫һԴ
ʱ飬ʵ۲ʮָпؿʱ̾һ
ʱʣˣձɢ˰ɡ
ĿƽȻͺûؽ飬ӺʱҪֵøȫԵһ
ʵЦָ⺢ӡ붼ˣʱ
ʣʱغһϴ˼ֲãĿҲ˼֡
ʵ۱죬εȻ롭
¡¶и󵽣СĻ£кһգĪ۸Ȩơ
ίͰ͵ؿŻʵۣСȻӶˣ
ʱ벻ʾʲ˵ҪȢֻȵհˣ˵󵽣Ҳģ
˳£ӳ¶վţһãȻ
ʲôˣ﹫ӣ͵Żʵ۵ˣ
߳ųţʺԼп£ʱգ檲֪Ȼʺǻ۾ǳ檿ɱȡ
ʵۿ
ʺȻʺ̵̫ӵ£ҪŮɫԣɫŮӽǻɽɲӦˡ
ڴЦˣЩʺ꣬ûӵһŮӵ¶أԭֻǻĹ£뾹ȫġ
ʺģìͷָӳҪˡ
лҪ˵û˯ţȸһ£簲ôô

 37 

ӵӳ, ڻʵǰ粻, һǲױʱ룬ƻ, ӳˮ֮, Ҫʵˡ
ʵôһˮţ
Ӻʱ벻ʲô˶Լҹûз, ΪĶ, ܹƻˣվܹƻԵˡ
˭֪᲻ƻʱͷϣ
ӳȭͷ֪, ſ, ֻóĬȥ
ܻʺ˼ͼӴ׵, ˵, ʵûаԡ
ӳ쬵ģɫһƬ԰ס
Ҫ
ʲô, úûţ
ʱһۣеһü, 䵭ĸĻ±Ȼʺ, ǻʺ֮⣬ʺΪʺ󣬱ý, ⹥ڦˣ
ƺǲˣƷж߷ڣʺֻòȡˣʧݣ
һһʧݣ⻰ҲݵģȻֱǰ˵ʺʺƷǶ䲻ϻʺ֮λ
һۼĸǼΪʧģʱ˶ϰΪ
ֱӣʱ߳ķ
ͻȻΪӳ˵Ͳ̫ˡ
̫ӵ²ؼ߸߹ģǵˣǴֵø
֡
ʵۿԼһۣзһ˿ɻֿӳɫݣĬĬ°͡
ʺԼָЦ£㿴̫ӵ¶Ϊ˵ϡؽ
˼ǣʱҲƻˡ
ʱʲʺĻˡֶͬƷԸ߽࣬˾֪˵ǻˮǱĩãշƷ֮ˣ
ԹǰںֻƷ¸Уʲôϵʱ뼤鷢ԣླྀͣĳͺ𣿳Ͳˡֶܹͬ
ʵۻ˻֣סڡ
ʲ
ӳĻ£аšʵһʱȻ䵭ģĿȴӳϡ
ʵ̾һ
ɵӡ
ӳʮ
ʣʱҹɢˡ
ڶҪɢˡ
ζΪʵҪӳͻ顣
ʵĬĬСӡǸ£ôͲֱ˵أûǸģԵҪһһδϡ
ʵҲ㲻ʱʲôֻϾǸ۶ӵĺøףⷽ뷨ôš
䰢ʮ꣬òеļԼˣֻҪһ
ţʵ۵ˣĻ£պɡ
ʣӺӦҵģ
ʵ۲üЩ¶ֳϣʲô˵ʲô˵ѵ𣬾ȻֱӺˡ
޺ʱӦ㣿ʵӳ̫о̫˵ǷӦ㣿
һæԲСںĻȻǱĶӦ˭
С˵ڣ
֪Լʵ۲ϲҲֻʵʵȥһ˫۾ӳ
ӳĬƬ̣ģ̧£Ů󡣡
ʵ۵˵ɡ
Ů̫ͬоУԸǰ¹һأΪ
Į ѳ⣬һĮȻһ־磬·Щ鶼˵¶
ӳԼ׼ʡ
ֻȥ˶ڱȥ
ӣʺ󣬻˭
ȥ˶ƻ˵ϻѪڣƺ뽫һȥ˺顣
ûô˵ʵһ㶣̧ʣγԣ
£ŮֻܵлԵԵɡӳ׼ʡ
ֻ뿪ǣȥҲãҲգʱͻıԼȥ
Σ޻֮
ʵ۵Ȼȥõں˵ЩʲôǿλһƷ磬ȥôޣ
ӵŹ£ȥ
ɲ̫
ӳȻ˶٣ǲܣһ㡣
ǳŮǲܣˡ
ʵɫ˻㲻ضǣ֮£СӵĴǺ֣޹ء
¡ʺЩǡ
ʵۿһۣ˵ѵѾ˵ˣȻʺ˼αؾŲأ
ûСʺίֻĹ˰ˣ²⣬ȻҶԡ
ʺ浾ģֻ˶Ϊ˵£ʺǺġ
ӵУʱվʣˣ
˵飬û˵ģľٲˣ´磬ߵ÷ɿ졣
ʵţ̾һˣձ㵽ɡ
վĿӳϣпӳѾͷ͹Թ̫оǡ
ӳĬƬ̣Ƿǡ
ʺЦſЦﺬ⣬絶һޱȾ֡
ӳ⣬ƫͷûʵȥƤסһ˫ںڵӣɫȻ͸²塣


 38 

Ϧѽھⳡ־йȥ, ӳŲ, 治ɫسܽȥ
ǵؿ˼, ӳعͷ, ɫ糣ȥ, Ҳ¡
ӳ
ӳҡҡͷ, û¶
סԸֱǰߣҲ˸, ¼ŵӰҹɫи, ģҹ¹⡣
գգ, ̾Ϣһ
ӳĴĻ, ֻӳԼָܡ
԰ӳȻͣ½Ųǰ泤, ʱֶ̧ͷ
ɫǺһſŹڿ, һЩ, Ļǳ续ͦμ͡
ӳͣ½Ų, ̫ӵ£ɡ
ɵƷŲӰ֡
ɡ

ʱعͷظɡ
ӳͷһȻǲҰɡ
ͷðʱֵڵ㡣
ӳסˣ˼
ңʲô
ʱ绨룬ֱϲС𣿡
ӳδʶҡͷȻϲ
ôܻϲأ
ϲ𣿡
ӳҡͷ
ĵðһССС޷ɻǱԼ׽ϲ㰡
ִĿðӳԼһԼе뷨
ôᡭأ
ӳʱ򶨣˭ϲֻϲԼ
ʱĿؿߵǰ˾벻һֻȭͷӳ̧ᶨظ˭ϲ
㲻ҪȰ˵Ҽ޸˭
ҿӻˣҪԶҪ޸˭
ʱĻڿУſڣûз
ӳЦָһԵĻ£㿴ǻ֦ͷϿĶǿмֻһܾ˵ľ档
ʱ˿Ҷ
ĿǶ仨ͷɫ˾ͬ仨žɫʣΪȥǿֻʯ١
һأۻһá
ҪңϲңҲҪ
ӳǷ£Ůˡ
¹üϣһ㺮˪޹ԽĿ
ʱûضͽȥ˴ٹ̫٣ţʱ߽ȥǰ
̫Լ̾Ϣʲô
ʱĿ¶Ի󣺡ĸл󡣡
̫Ūĵķ飬⵹ϡ棬Դʮ꣬û԰˵ֻ
СʱһɵĺӣȻʺȥˣװ׾һСӣɶ¡
飬ͻһǰȣһѯʣֱԼҪĴ𰸡
ʮ꣬Ը˷ˣ˶ˣӹɵĺӳصˣҲûй־ٶ
͸ȽȽ̴㣬̫ƿ˹ȥ
ʣʲôɻ󣿡
ʱԥƬ̣ĸϲһˡ
̫һ٣ȴ⣬ӳ𣿡
ʱͷ
Ҳµõ̫ҡҡͷӳѵõľɫôһŶĶοأ
ʱĬ
ϲȥ㸸ʴͻ飬кλ󣿡
ҪȢŮӣʵܲ᲻ͬ⡣
񡭡ϲҡʱҿ͸˼
̫˵ͷҲϲ㡣
ӳѾͷ˺ܺãȴ˽ġٹ˶ϲȴûһ졣̫˵ۡ
ʱͬ￴֮£ӿ
δֳġ
ʱʣĸҵΣ
̫Ūĵķ飬˾侭ɽңұɽ㶯ȣ
ӳϲ㣬಻ϲˣδŮδޣֲκˣΪβȥ뷨ϲأ
ǻʼĺӣǰһ󡣡̫ϲˣϲĶϸȫģκˡ
ʱĸǰ˵ ҪҲɳڶŮ鳤ķһ
δԾһԼģһĸѪĸ룬ŮŸʱį
ǰδеĿ־壬ԼΪˣӳΪĸˣĸ֮
µǣջòԼ
ڴ֮ǰʱδʵԼųٲǰ
̫󻺻ۣգ̾Ϣ֮һ֣Լƣû鲻Խ˵
һӣֶǻججģ߹һͷʱʲô¡ ̫Զ
㻹ᣬ޷һһο̹ĵ飬Ǽε˵顣Ů鳤ۣԼۡ
̫Цһ˼ʮ궼鰮ֻˣҲʲô飬ֻ֪һǰں޹
װҵ˼𣿡

㲻øô죬Ǿ˳ġ


 39 

㲻ô, Ǿ˳, ˶ƭ㣬ֻĲᡣ
̫Ŀ⴩, Զ, ͸羰Īĳ, Ѿ׶, öԣֱǷǡ
ˡʱ
ˣ
ˣ̫ߵףһһٵǷǺڰ, ֪
̫صͷ, Цȥɡ
ʱԼģ·ơ
ӲǸ, ҲӲǸԥˡ
̫ӵµļұǧ顣
Ҫ, Ӳ
ϲһˣһġ
ҹɫʱ, ¹ָйԽᶨ

ܽط̤, Եڶʱ, ӳЩԾ
ҵģӳ㵵ؿǰˣʲô˼
Ǹġ
ǡӳ᲻, æܾʲô
˵ÿίĲԣշҪƽðʧ
ӳüʱǸӣ˵ȫĻǲŵģǰ˼
Ҳίܰ˴񡣡ӳ飬صλȥɣռ˰ԻȻλܵ𡣡
ƺΪѡ
ӳǴǼֵǵ챦ɼִ󷽣ֻǲܰݣЩա
ʱ⣬ȴ˼Ҷʲôأ
ӳֵȥɣ 
ִⲻգҲûǿǼ˻࿴ֻýִ˻ȥ
ɿӳ̽Ӳ𣿡
ôǿЩɡ
ӳͷЦˣȴ
òõĲҪûǸ˼ҪҪǻʵô룬˰ջʵ۽޸ˣ˵ˡ
ÿһߵöܾգٲӳԼվ
ü֮ʱܽأ޳Щ꣬ɱ㿴Ƭ̣̾Ϣ
˲ãȴһСŴ߽ܽȥӵ
ӳ΢΢һظ£
뾩ãʵۼΣǶ˵ĳϣڻʵܽȥӵȴͷһˡ
֪«ͷʲôҩ
ӳҵ飬ݻѱҴҵӵʵûڵµݼ
ӳ߹ȥϸϸŮݼ¡
ʵһֱĬԶδ
ӳֻĿ³ϷεεĺҺģֽŶ֪ηš
ܰؿ£ʵڿڣȴʣŰ񣿡
еȻʵ۵۾˿벻֪ӳ಻ֻǡ
Ϊβգ
ӳȻ˵ʵֻ޹»ӳ޹޵£ܰ񣿡
ʵЦЦοڣգǷúܡ
ӳһ亹ЦЦݣֻһӽŵһһ
ǵǼΪģӺͰͬʱȢһŮӣ̫ӵ¶Ϊִԣңûڶ
ķȴǺ¶Ϊʵ۵жް洦
ӳŮҡ
ʵ۵Ŀƿľʵˣ˳ŴʵſڣС㣬㣬һǰӣһֶʮΪѣ޸Σ
ӳ֪
ҧƾ·Ը
ƾԸʵ̾Ϣһܽ˭Եƫģԡ
ʲôʵû˵ֻڼڲԶݼ̫ӵ¡
ʵ۶˶٣̧ȥžٲĳӣȻʵôˣ
˵ʱѾߵǰֵʰá
ʵҡҡ֣ʾ
ʱֱԵĸöشٹ
ʵ಻֪˵ʲôźã侹ɵ飬հ˽ӵǱ̫ʹȥٹĻ̫ˡ
ΪĸӱϬɡ
ʵҡҡͷ
ʱһ˵꣬ʵȴ´һ̾˾䣺Ǹˡ
ʱ̧Լס
ʵȴֻͣһӳѱ棬ֻȥɣĸõȡ
ӳǷŮˡ
һͬȥӰԽԽԶʵǵıӰкȻһһˣǰҲһ˴ǰ߹߳ߣ߳ƺء
ҲѰټ
ԵĴ̫꣬״̲סпģƹﵱꡣ
ʵ۵ꡣ
¡
ޱΪ༫ãɲ밢Ҳ䣬ģֻ¾ͷţҲ
̫ĬƬ̣ͷµȫƹͼҲ̫ӵѹ
ʵ۲ͷһۣ̾Ϣһȴ˵
ÿ˶ܲ͸˼
谮ģصģĶӡĻһֱͷĸִף¶ϡϲʲôˣǸ¾طģʵԼҲ᲻ͬ⡣
ǶǴ¶輧ŮʺӣȱȽǡ
ӳһ
ãȴı䲻ʵ̫˻ʺֻռѳ⡣
ο˵ŮĻˮδٶ͹ƻģŮˣô֮أ
ʵ̾Ϣһ
ˣһһɣȻϲδزϲϱˡ
ʵ۲ͷĹŮ̫࣬ǰƳǰһĻǸݾŮ£ȫǡ
ҳȫǣ˭ȫأ
¡

ӳʱӵлл̫ӵ½Χ
֪ͼãý̫ЪʱͻȻһΪ˽ӻʵȳ
ʱΪξӳȴȥ롣
һ㶼Ҷ롣
ǰǳһ߲ʣһ㶼Ƕ¡
ӳ֪䲻ɵһж
ʱһ˫īﵹӰӰؿƬ̣л
죬ּΪƵرˣƺǲ֪˵ʲôźãЩܡ
ӳûƼֻҪȥٹ𣿻᲻̫ЪϢ
ʱҡҡͷȥԺɡ
˵ӳΪܿӲĺԺ˴ӺŹȥտյĺԺֻɨصĹŮƼ˱Ҵææ񣬱ʱˡ
ӳգգۣͷƣЦ쵽ˡ
ɲ
ϴεﻹʢģɭɭҶȴѾһƬһƬϦڣѾˡ
һƬҶӴƮƮӳֽסˣЦ»ϴθ۵Ļ𣿡
ʱգգۣ˵ͷֺӦʲôƵģҴææȣǵá
˵ķż
ӳָһ٣ʶ˴еҶָ΢΢ͷЦ¹Ȼϻۣһͼˡ
һΣ˼
ϴ/ˣԼȴֻ޾
Ŷð
޳ˡ
лҪ˵˼ϸôãһ°ɡ
ȷʵˣǰʱеصƣ״̬ܲһֱ㱲ģҲԷԱǿֹдģȥ˼졣
֮ͷǳԲƪʵҲĳ״̬ͦģǳԲҡ
ԺϸɣĻ

 40 

ʱϸָ, ƬҶ͵, ӳһ仨, Բپܾˡ
ӳȴֻǵͷ, ƬҶӸʯϣԼҲ, ȫȻûǸ˼
ʱ, ſڣ֪ôʡ
Ϊʲôۻ
ܾú֡
ԡӳ̫ЩԵ, , ղȥ칫𣿡
Ϊ̫ӣӦҲͦæµİɡ
ʱҡҡͷ, ڵáѾˡ
ӳѾǾˡʱ, ƽҡͷ͹ˣȻ˵˻˵, ˽͡
ֱĵ顣
ӳ̧һ˿ɻ󲻽⣬ˡǱ˭ˣֵֹġ
Ƭ, ԥԥ, ˵𣿡
˵Ļֱӡ
ʱȻƬ̣ɫбЩΣҡͷûС
ÿն˵, ֻʱ򣬾òܺԱһˣӦͬ
Щʱ˼˵ڣֻãȻվǶ֪ηӦ
ӳͷЦЦǸˡ
ǸˣΣ֮Уǿ˵ѵˡ
ˣʱ֡
ӳԼӣش̧ͷӭʱĿ£̫ˣҽȥʰɡ
ʱջĿ⣺һɡ
̤̫ĹĴŹŮƼǣǷ񣬿Ҳ밲Ļʣ֪̫Ѿˡ
ӳЦ̫𣿡
ˡŮЦ̫ӵ룬̫ǰͷҩء
ʱʵĸҩˣ
ǡŮ֪ޣҲʲʲôʱջĿ⣬ߵ̫߳ӵСڣȻƼҩš
ʱʣĸҩˣ
̧̫ͷƺûϵȻ ȵôһˣ
ʱǣӸǶġ
̫һۣȻصͷҩŷϣڵɡ
ʱһ飺ĸ𣿡
̫ʧЦҡҡͷ⺢ӡǰġ
ǰ̫ҽƽ˵ЩЩ麮õһ£ҩš̾ϢһҪ˵޲ֵĳʲôҩĲС
ʱ˿û˵
ӳһ˫۾תֲ˵ˡ
̫ҡͷЦˣ̫ҽȥ̫ӵƣòͲʲôõҲһˣɵСŵ
ʱĸġ
ֿ̫ӳѾͷĵҲעӡ
ʱ࿴
ӳЦл̫ģӳˡ
ʱȴ̫ҽưɡ
̫Ц̵ֺһҩţӳ顣Ѿͷǲϰô˵Ȼһ¶
· 
ֲûʵֱӸͻ飬֪ʱǸͷֵģĸһģһ
̫ҡҡͷ˵ĶԣԼͲӵ¶ȥ̫ҽ̫Ӷơ
̫󶼷ˣӳܲپܾæл̫
ӳûʸڹд̫ҽģˣҪʺŻʺš̫̫ҽƽѾĪĶ䡣
̫Ƭֵ̣ӳڹزģиͷȵҲȥ鷳ʺպֱȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽͨˡ
˭Ķˡ
๫ǶûȨΨʱһ˰ˣû뵽̫Ȼ׿ڴ͸Ȩ
ӳסлˡ
ʱһ̧̧°ͣʾϽлӳǷл̫䡣
̫˰֣ɡ
ӳ£ȴģ̫һֱܺã빬֮㻤ǳǳмɽ飬׻̫ˡ
̫İ˵׵Ů
ӳܳЩսս
̫ҽĺܿ죬̫˵ģȸʱЦ弫ãǿ彡ֻ˳Щͺã̫ﲻزġ
ʱջ֣̫ĸġ
̫ͷǱã̫ҽưɣѾͷãûƽء
̫ҽȻӣȴüͷЩǡ
̫ʣôˣ
Ӳ£ֻЩֻǡԥƬ̣ײ˼ѾãܼʱԼֻ»˼θ
ӳĬĬͷҧҧ´˼ᡭȻģ±ϣôܲ᣿Ǹͨˣֲ첻µزµɡ
̫˶٣ͷ֪ˣպƽɣӣģˡ
ȴ˼֮¡
ʱӳüͷǰδеһţ֮̽ŵǡ
̫ҽּ
°ɡ̫󵭵
ǡ
̫ҽߺ̫̿ڣҲȥɣͬӳ˵˵
ĸ
ȥɡ̫ҡͷֹĻû¶
ʱ˶٣ˡ
ˣֻ̫źĹˣСֻʣӳԶ̫˸ƣӵķ֣ʣӳ̫ҽ˵˼ᣬ֪𣿡
ӳ֪
Ϊʲô̫ģôͲô¶
ӳ֪ò˵ɶ̫˫־ֱ˵Ҳûʲôô̫ˣһж
ӳסȻ̫ӳ¶кܶ࣬СģÿһǷա
Ŷ
Ʃ֮¡ֱˣķǣһֱܺ£Ӳ¹˼ϵС
ʲô
¡ӳ˶٣ЦԼȥѾˣֻúûŶѡ


 41 

ֻȥ
ǰŮĿγЦ, ƺ侲ְ, ˵ֻʱЦţĿ־塣
̫ü, ̵ԼҪ, ǸˣΪ㲻ΪЩ¶˼ġ
ӳĬ
㰡̫ҡҡͷ, һ, ܲ㱻˺ˣ÷ſĵʱ򣬲ҪԼţǼ⡣
òϲһˡ
עҪϱ, 簾, պԿĻǰ
̫һģֹ˼ʱ, ˵, ֻò
ˡ̫̾һ֪Ȱ㡭
̫ӳȻڣǰüĿ, ҧ´ʣΪδã
̫һ٣ɫȥ, Щ꣺Ϊʲô
Ű, ̫Լ֪
͵һЦǲǴδ㽲һ£
ӳҡͷ׷ʣʲô£
£ʲôľ»һ̫һɢ⣿̫󰡣һһᱻ˽, Ǻǰ
̫˶٣ͷЦܶǰ¶Ҳûʲô˼ˡ
ĿЩСʱ鲻Ҹ˺üǸҵıŮ
ӳףԼʲôϵ糤ϵãܶԷʲôûϵ
ƺǿĲ⣬̫һЦĺüͷϲǸǾϵĶŮ¡
¡
ӳ±סˣĬĸף
ֻһŮ޸ȼ˶Ů꿤ӳ
ԭĸ׺糤д˵ԨԴ
ɼȻˣΪ糤ǧ㲻˳ۣûһɫ޲Ļ
ǰĸס̫һЦŮ빬İʶ˹еĻǣĺÿɫ㲻ǡ
̫ӳȻЦ񣬱㻹ҪһЩ
ӳжÿأ԰еĻһͬʢʱұȲһЦķջҪһЩֱ޷Ǻεȵľɫ
ӳɸյԼߵʱ˵ͬľɫŮӣֻˡ
һĸ
ǰģȻ˶ϲҵĶϲ
ӳȻֲ̫õԤС̫Ψһӱǻʵۣ༸ү
һµĲ²⸡Ժӳȭͷ
ʮ꣬Ҹס̫ȴûͣƵͻҵĶӡ
仰ӳϻڵϲ
ͻʵ۶ףȴ޸ĸףжȻ˲Ԥϵ顣
ұΪҵĶϱǡкҩţŵϵӳȻһ˹ڹʶһˣ˼һˡ
¶ˡ
ʼնŮӰˣκʱ򣬶ûĸܵ衣
ϾǰԼųĺӣҲĿɥԼѡҪǸ˻ҪԼôش𣿡
ԼĻӳԼӦûѡ
ֻҪţһоͶϣĸסǲͬģҸˣԣҪҪĴڣѡȻԶ
ѡ˸𣿡
ǰ̫̾һҲûϵôѡ鵽˵زҶ֪ôԭ
Ǹɵܹʸǰһһҹǵȫǡ
̫벻ͨԼĶӵǲǱ¿ˣôΪǶŮ顣ʹ⣬ɻʵ۴δ߹ΪʲôǹҶ
̫һİʲôˣ޷ǵĸ飬ÿÿпѣȴִɻ
һˣΪһ˲Ҫ
ӳȴǳ׾ˡ
ʵۡȵ۷ĸĸ
ôħõ飿
̫һӶ벻ͨʵŶҲǰģôΪزأ
Ůͼ޸Ǹˣ˸Ů̫̾Ϣһǻھסһʱա

Ĺ̫û˵Ϊ˴֪˻˼꣬ٺͺһɥ
ӳͷʣΪҸĸɥ̫ŶҺ𣿡
̫˶٣ȴҡͷǡ
ǰҿųĹҲǰϲĹ̫̾ϢÿʣĺÿϲˣԲŶŴ֡
Ǹɫģʵʲôԭ£˲˺
ʱԻʼҲ˲£Եˣʸ񶼲С
̫ȻҲΪĺá
ЦЦᣬ˺ȳˣò֮ֵһᣬʵνȲʫ飬Щÿ˶ѧֻкÿ
оУûоûУȫ죬òѵõĶ˭أ
ӳƵüĿºͣѾͷô˵㶮ҵ˼𣿡
ӳĬĬͷ
û˻ˡ
̫Ķ衣


 42 

̫ͬ˵໰, Ҫ, һ䡣
Ϊÿ԰ҲŻỤ, 껤ĸΪ̫ÿ, ǵȴﶼԱԭ¡
£㻹ʲôµأ
ӳʹһů, Ŀڹ, βſڵл̫
̫̾һʱüĿȺͣѾͷ㲻Ը޸С, ֱӾܾʵ۱, ܲҪ
ڻʵۡ
ԭ£Ϊ, ôΨһŮıأ
׵, ԼĺĶãС⣬ӳӡ
ӳųװ, ˳ĳ̫ͷ
̫ҡͷӾǹڶ¡
˵ӳգգ, Щ, ೣ˵ԸĸףĸǸʲôˣ
ӳ޷
뾩֮, ˵Ļ˵ĸ ӳһֱܺ棬ĸ׵ǸʲôˣŻ˵ֻ
̫˶٣ʧЦһۼʱ򣬰ҾĸŮһģһһƬ̡һ˵Ҿͻˡ
һ㶼ĸԸ񽾰ԣһˣֻڣСǹڵĹ
ÿҲÿÿ˱ڹʱ򣬶ܱȥ档
ѣкƵġ
̫̫ɡ̫׸ĸ˫£Ȼͬ
ٺöǸĸοãӳ㳤ǰ飬¡
̫ЦЦⲻҪ㣬˫̥ҲûȫȻһģοֻĸŮ
ӳͷӦˣɫɣл̫ο
̫ҡͷˣڰЪŰɣ°ţڻȥ˵û鷳
ӳȴҡͷܾ̫Ƕ㲻ȥģҲ鷳
նȥˣȻ
ӳԾЩˣҲûҪӱܡ
̫ؿǱȥɡ
Ѿͷдܿ¶ˣʵ˭ǿֱ鷳ĸµķ緶ءˣ̫Ҫպô졣
̫룬ʵǴ֮ˣҲûڼûڹսսãɼᶨĻţ˵ʲôڵһĶԼ
ˣͱԼˡ
˼ᶨͿԿͲΡ
ӳǷȥ̫Ц۹⣬ʺöˡ
ʵϲŮ˶ʲôջʺģײż³趼ƽƽ棬ҪûҪŻûŻ֪ϲʲô
Ķȵӳò˫ȫǼᶨ|
һĺӣһ㣬۹ⶼá

߻ܽʱͷãӳһͷĺݺӲδ꣬Ů棺չˡ
ӳЦֽһԣ롣
ͷһľȻ磬ӳû뵽ϾӺʱλûٹϵΪĻʱİĽߣԴϴλʺ󱻽㣬粻ˣȻҲûס
նĴ̼ᡣ
ҡһȣδЦǻˣء
ӳǷ˸򸣣ֱݹ٣ʲô¶𣿡
ڴһЦǸǰҲԣ˿ģԭҡ
ӳƵû뵽ȢպɩɩҲãе¡
Цˮԭҵġ
һ˵ԻȻҪͷʱ롣
ӳüͷһµģֻ䵭ĻˡҲܹͬ
һЦٻţ˵Ļȴ̣ʮ׵˳ɽɺܴܽŵȥ治ϡҲÿȢҾҪ޵ġ
һЦĻ˵̫Щ鶨˵ء
ɫ䣬һ磬ܼ̳оλȻЩӲһûҪúÿǡ
ӳɫмչ˼˵ҲЩӣ
Ҳ˵ġ
ɫһ䣺Ҳ޴⡣
ӳֻûƵӵȻãɻõġ
䣬˵ɣҪһ棬ʹӦӦǡ̫˵ˣôҪûҪ۸
Ƿȥδõ˵Ȼ̫ӵ¡ӳ̵̫ӵȢ֮ǰ˭ü޸أ
ӳ磬Цеչ˵ǲǣ
ɫ÷ǳѿһĺƢװȥˣ䶢ӳ
֪
ӳĺãƢããŮִ⹴̫ӵ£̫ӵδؿס
֡


 43 

ڳɫ, ӳƵչ, Ǳ²һƷͨټŮ, Щ, ҿźá
ɫһ䣬⣺ͬ㻽Ҵ
ٶʱ顣
̫ӵǸ, ĺ˲óΪ۵Ĺ, Ϊ˼һñˣڣԼˡ
ҡ
ʱûʲô, 粻Ϊʱ, 
Ҫ۳ܣȻҪԼ֡
һѪ, ׳н, ;
ο⻰ʵҲûӳλһƷѰɱ, ͨټŮʵûǸʸ
λһƷλжƷ, ֻӳ׸ĸ˫, ʵʶʱӷһƷ빫ͬ, ¼䣬ҲͶԷһͷ
ֻŮҵƷȨûϵȨƲиʺĹ˲ͬŮӶһӡ
ӳϧҲҪúûţŴãֻҪ˲Ҳˡ
ɽ̫ġ
ֻҪȥӳʲô¡
俴磬չҽɭϣޥģʧõΣý̹չ
䱾վһǳЦţ㽲ɫҲͻأıˣüѿӳ
ڣҵֶеãв𣿡
ӳ΢΢һЦʱֻһУ˵ʲô
ƺΪ⣬ԴƯޱȹˣһףܼ˭һЦƢٺòģչֱĹΪȡ
Ҳһӳֱ׳Сñ˶Ҳأ¡
ô˵ţЦһûӣСطģûйؽ󡣡
Աᣬ䶼ǳ
ؽ㣬ȣס
˵Ļ䶼Եǿޣƫƫӳ
ɫѿÿһ硣
ӳһӳҵţ
̹ڿϣ綼Ǳŵģ˵ؾˣװ׵ģ
ӳ䳰ȷؽҴĿǺģֻŭҪɱˡ
ûжԣ䵭˦䣺磬ߡ
һ㶣䡭
䡭
ƺһƣݺϣӳķһŭġ
ƫƫֲ˵ʲôȻˡ
ǸղԼ˵ĻԼϣӳÿһ֣Ϊ˳
ռҺĸҪֹ硣
Լ֣ܾðһͷӳֺ˽Уùȴҡ
ζѱ棬˵
绰һڣҲ֪Լ˵ˣֻ󣬶һͬ뿪ܽ
ӳɫĮЩǣǣ
ӳΪЦһ͵ˣصġ
ȴһôûУֻǸ۸ģͽʱ룬˼ˡ

ӳͷ룬ʵû̫Ķ裬ԼҲǻ˵ġ
ܹɱ
ֻ̫ӳĸеˡ
ѽݣڹﲻµˣ˾ͶǳС
Լб²ģЩƵģûô
̫߶꣬˸·ɹǵҲĿøǧʹӡ
˶гһˮǷԥһš
ǹ͢
ûҪֺá
ĻӳĿƵ⣬ͷкãӳӰ飬ЦпڣҼ᷿аΣҰǿùͷɹɹ̫
ʱڹδţ̴деһƬƬҶͥԺ߲ȥʡ
ӦˣתͷȥԸ׼ֻʣɺӳ
ӳЦſڣɣһ¶
ʲô¶̧˵ɡ
ҼǵߵʱͬҽһֻɫŮӡ
ʳڣݸһЦЩ꣺֪
ȴ졣
ӳ
һȻĸסҲӣǲ˵ģ¶Ȼ⣬Ҳˡ
ⱲӼŮӣƼҵĹ
ӳԼҪģûмȥ˴𰸣ֻʰˣҲûʲôġ
Ĭûжԣһͬͷ⣬̴ææµµذΣβյҡȡ
̫ģı²
ӳЦ߳ţ⡣
ʣΪҪԺô̫
Ůң㲻ɹһ񼡷
ӳعͷҲ밲ȴϧǲˡ
̶̰չȾ˰ֱʵټȥ̫󣬻ûüȿˮ㲻
û˲ǹˡ
ȻӳϻûһӣһյĹ˿ˡ
ǽ
ӳǺ棬ôܰʱ׼ջˣһ߽͵Ѳ˵ܽſڵ
ӳֱܳˡ
ڽ䶮أ֪ͨӳӭȥ
Ц֪٣ʧԶӭ
һĽ죬ޱȣǺһ㣬ȶʺĵ
ûй˵ҲҵɫɴҶ棬һǹʺơ
ˡЦſӳָָΣұûп˼һɣȷʵ
ӳЦЦ͵øаˣɡ
棬ЦƼȥɫãǲǷʲô
ûעءӳֻ̫һ֪ƫͷЦǫͣңӲҲš
пһޱȣҪô˵ǻʼҵĽ֦ҶأڲͬʹˣΨд˼͡
⣬ӳµõ
ΪӶ
һҹŮ˿ͨˣ͸ӳڻʵﲻǿģ㲻ִȢˡ
Ŀꡭӳ²⣬ǻʺ

 44 

ӳ, ɫ˵, ЦȻ
ӳ֮һЦҵʢ, ӳССŮ, ижˣ˵, ȴ㲻ͬȡ
Ȼ, ΪʺĸŮ䣬̬ȱ㵭ˡ
Ӧ, ӳһ, һͬԸʺ
г⣬ӳԸһԸʺ, ɡԵ, ƺ㣬ʵ߸, һ㡣
ǿԣȻҲŹ޸ӵĻᡣ
뽯ͬı뻢ıƤ
ӳֲǸɵ, Ȼȴ¡
΢΢һЦ, 뽯ˣȻݹ٣֪Ƿӳʲô¶, ѵ롣
Ҳҡñº̫ӵأĶѵأ
ӳֻЦһĪ⣬²͸
Ĺҡӵ˲˵ˬˣҲˡ
ҼСȢ⣿
ȫµּ⡣ӳӳԸ뷨ӦǲҪġ
Ҵ̫ҳֱɣû£ֻʿСѲ
ӳɫ嵭һһٵ˵־ʵȫּ⡣
ʱãȴǸģҴҵӭԸƹܺһ𣿡
Ļţһֻ˵Լģ ҲһƬģԼĺ޸ҲʵҲȿֻѿˣĴҲý
ЦǹȻȲϻʺ￤Ż£ǲڻ¡
˵ص㣺Ӧһұ￤һһԿi
ӳ˵ӦҲ˵Ӧֻʹʲô˷ıꣿ
һҪĻ¿ɲ̫򵥡
ҽˣԸʺ󡣡ĥĥ޺޵ֻҪʺʱΨҶȻʲôʲô
ӳͷһЦʺΰ⵹
ӳδ̫ˡ
ѹеĳޣ֪һ޶غŻʺ󣬲ң̫ӵˣֻ֣ܽ
Һʱ޻ʺˣӳʡ
ΨҶ𡭡
⼸ֳڣ֪š
˻ʺһгŵӳõΣ
ֲȥʵ۸淢ѵҪܵʵ۸ǰ˵£ջʺ¶ȫݺ
Ȳ˵ܱܲӳԸ͵һƤ
ʧķŻֻ
ʺʹԿؿ㣬˿Ϊ𣿡
ȻǡӳѣƤȻʺġǹôʺҲȲӰٷ֮һ
һЦµǰŮˣûȨƣֻʵ۵ĳ谮棬£Ҳرϥֻûµ˲Ҫͱ˽ˡ
ӳЦſ˭ԿԼ͹ġ
⻰˵ֱӣǷǳ˵ġӳ⣬ȻҪܾƱҪģαٽʾӴ̫ƽ޹Լӡ
ֱ˵˫Щ
еĲ豭˲ɫŵ˳ƺδֹĺһű˪ӳҪ
ӳʾͳסˣ
ǿ㣡˵棬ҲװģȻҪ㣬ͽ͵!
͹
ӳվţüĿ䶼Ц⣬пճӳصɨԴ
òţԼðɡ
ƮӳϹŵЦǼȥϲаЦģֱԼϡ
˰ӳȻ£ɣһĻ˭
ɲ²ţֻҡͷݸһЦū澶Ż̫ӵ¡
̫ӵ¡ӳҲ£Żʱ롣
ӳҡҡͷ̫ӵģĶпң̫ˡ
̫һĹ̫ӵ·һ˰һܣҪǸ˪ǲĶ˼
ֻЦžǡ
Ƭ̣ӳĥôԸʱأͼֱܽƿ߽վӭ߽
ӳĳĬƬ̣߹ˣվǷ̿ڣ̫ӵ¡
ʱ
ʱȥѣһɫͷϹ߳ŵĽҲɫķƮԺ󣬸Ʈݡ
ӳ۾գؿţи̫̾ӵģļãûڣӦҲиŮϲ
ݵλ˵ӣŮ֮Ѱ
룬ӳֲ˵ֻЦʣ̫ӵôˣ
ʱǰɨһųĿ޲ʵּ⣬һˡ

ʱͷ̷¡
ӳɻǿн뷿Уŵ°ɣҸ˵
¹һСѾӳˣԼͰȰȲͣ
³ɽڣǻʼҵĽ֦Ҷڹй磬ܺƽŮһɣҹ¶ǳ档
̫ӵ´ŸλһȥȻҲҪſū澲Ų²̫ӵµġ
һԸӳ·ԻȻ򣺡Ҿˡ
ϰӳһŲ֪ȫǶˣ⻰Ǿ֣úõɽڲȴҪһ죬Ķĵ
ɵԭǲɽڵģ֮ˣ糤Ų⣬̫ͬġ
Ϯʮ꣬ϰߣÿ°ˣҲУ貣ǧСղ
ʵΪٻǧҲҪ빬
ƽСټҵŮȻճɣֻһÿ°˹ٻ˼ҵĹӻͽһͬţһϺɾһμѻӴ˸Ļͥ
˶һ칦š
ӳҲ㶮ˣҡͷķʵ֡
¸ضټġ
ӳû˵ʲôȻ糤ò׸λĶ䣬ܹǼ£ȫµŮҶɿһգҲǻ¡
ٲҲ˵ʲô
һͨͨĹټŮӣٻĿӳƾԼ̾߳ȥ
ʱԺеãĽŲعͷ
ӳ̫ӵ¾õˡ
ްʱһĬ
ǰŮȻġﻪʢĵ޽貶Ŀһ£ˮܽأŲΡΡ飬ˮǳ
ʱĬĬƹͷ߰ɡ
ӳͷ̫ӵ¡
ƽ룬нڣһμԶһİ˵̬ȣмദöǼٵġ
ʱعͷͣ˽Ųһ˫ī
ӳЩ£С̫̽ӵ£
㡭ʱҪڣȴֶסҡҡͷ߰ɡ


 45 

, һֱ, ӳƼȻĶ, мλʶĹ, һţڼλ, š
ӳĵǵȵıزԼ, λ̫ӵ£Ȼ³ȴЦֿǵ, óúõȡ
ʱһ, δֻ߰ɡ
в, ʱӳ, 쬵öˡ
ʱŲһ٣ͷ͹ع
һ, 㶣¡
ʱæǰһ, С, ǧһƽϣ˰ɣŮӽ, ֳģűǡ
ҵһڱͦ˸˵飬ʱҲֻ֣ˡϦѽڣΪ˸Լ飬ڱǡ
ӳüһۣڵüĿЩ⡣
䣬߳ǸʱԸģһӳ⣬ͬʱǳ¶˾ȵǣÿÿʱڳͻֵø飬ߴա
ӳ޷Ϊ
ŪɣǴޣȡ
ϦǸӣУˣʱͷӳһۣĮ
ӳɵͷôˣزģɢˣǿ϶ҪԼŪˡ
һԶˣͷȥңѿͷһҹ֪ᴫʲôл
ţӳɴƣ͵͵סʱ°ڡ
ֻҪˣͲᶪˡ
˺˵ʱӦֻǻĪоˡ
ʱͷһֻۣƼʹüۣɬüĿ
˵ʲôֶ˶٣ǣˡ
ӳĿڽվǶﲻ̫ˣ߬ĸЩ
Ļƣʱͷɢ˰ɡ
ȥţЩҲ治ˣܹô໤ţҲصǳ¶
λСľǻһˣԭֻʣӳʱһûߣʱҪãҲԭء
һԣվʱ룬λĿӳϣ촽˲ʣ֡
ôһ
ʱͷΣ
ʱҡҡͷǻֵĻܡĸԸӳ۹ܺá
ӳʱ㶿֪λӷʲô񲣿
һδϣҲ˵ȥֱӳȥʧڰҹ
ӳͷ̾ϢһԼʱ֡
ʱ֪Ѷˣ㹻ˣԸѣͻʺ󶼺ŰѰˮ
ʱ۾ӳϣĪ⣬һ˿޷ŭ⡣
ӳӡ
ʱûжԣֱˡ
ӳæȥȻҲţȴһѣ磬ȥǱߡ
ӳͷһֲۣõԤУʱʣ£ôŴֵֹģ
ʱ𣬷ʵ˭𣿡

룬Զʱʣӳʲôһ˿
ӳ֣΢΢һͷµһ˿
ܲԼ̬ԭ֣ǲҲȫУ
ӳЩѹȴҳϣֻûУû룬ºγԣ
ûʲôʱ߰ɡ
ɫĮȻ嵭⣬һ˲ӳͷȥ
Ĵϣ˵γһƬСأӳţȴȻͣ˽Ų
ʱͷôˣ
ӳ£ҪǸơ
ʱ̧ȥ֮ǧƻУһյɫεƣ˺ϻģͬĻһɢ貵Ĺâ
ȻأʱڼʱǶ˺ϻɫĻһƬһƬ׺ϣþŮ

ʱ΢΢һȴʶǮá
Լδѳ
ӳݸһЦʱվյƣݵ
ӳϧţл¡
ʱĬȻβʣ֮ǰ˵Ҫժϻôû
ӳ΢΢һ׮ΪʲôûȥأΪ;֪ڸˡ
⻰ȴܶ˵ӳһӲҲԼǸӪӪŮˡ
ԼԶģ
ӳЦҡҸˣ˵𣿡
ʱЦòˡ
ӳ⣬ǿװÿɰЦɿݵҲãͷζ˯ø㡣
ʱȥժɡ
л¡
λεģ˼䣬ӳƯԵݸ˫
ʱûţӳĵǰ·۵ɫɣӳΣ㿪ڵ궼Ǹ˭һģ
Լʱѵø˽⣬ǰһ˹䣬δһ
ǵһ
棬ӳ㾪ϲѣǵ£ǵһ𣿡
һڣӳ֪ʧԣǿЦ£ҡ
ǡʱֱӵǵһˡ
ͷ¸ӳҴδ
ǳŻʲôӸȥӳ뾩ʼѾһΡ
һλһŮӣһȥ˽һˣһΡ
ܶһΣ
ӳסӣ飬ݷҪӺʱǰȥ
ָоӦֻһֱվţͲƽģ
ջʱƿĿ⣬ҴӲ˵ٻ
Ӳ˵ٻ
뿪Ŀ⣬ӳ˷Ӧ£ҡ
֪Լ˵ʲôƸ۰㿪ڣ£Ҳ

Ҳһˡӳ£Ҵһˣ˽ֵá
ֵһ˿øС
ʱ֮ӣаŵˣӦӵõһС
ȨƵλİˡ
㽫ҪȢһܺõŮӣһ㲢ǽ˳Ƶľ¡
ңҲ䡣
ӳһЦݸ£߰ɡ
ʱһѳסֱۣ䵭ʵ⻰Ǻ⣿
ӳͷ¡
ʱǰδеĴֱӳҪʲô
俴ӳһʲô
ӳ۾ɬͷ£ܱ𣿡
ܣ
ʲôӳ޸ĸƫƫĿΣ£ʲô
һ
ֻȥǰˮԸҲǡ
㣬ܱ̫ӣûҪҶǱ²ûҪñ»ɡ
ʱȻû7Щ߰뷨ֻȻĴ𰸡
ӳ򲻹ʹͿǯԼ֣ѵ£ҡҡ
ʱֱʣ˵㲻Ǻˣʲô˼
ӳ˶٣̧ϵ˼£ȫĺˡ
ûкˡ
һӳˣ಻ں
Ǹ㡭ǲһģʱԶеľʹ࣬һųұ
ѣҲԸһ죬ڰϸЫŮӡ
Ƕ˵̫пˡ
пľ˿롣
ʱ΢΢һƺ뵽ʲôĬĬɿ롭һؿ㣬²ϣ㲻ض롣
ӳ΢΢һ٣ʶʵΪǰ𣿡
ʱ̧ü𣿡
Ϊʱģӳʱ̬Ⱥ˲̫һ
硭Ź⳶ʱֱԾܾҪ˺֣˾ţʱڲͬ
ʱΪ˵ʱ롣
˭أ
˺λͬһ㡭
ʱԼȷûбģҲǰʲô֮䶼رһ
Ѳɳʱ룬Ȼб˲ɣ
΢΢̧üԼ⣬ʣﵽмڲͬˣ
лҪ˵̫ӣ㵽мø磿
ӳָ12345678
̫ӣ

 46 

, ӳ֪ԼǸ˻ѹ
ܹǺõġ
ӳǳǳһЦ, ǰ, Եˡ
ͷԼ, »𣿡
롭
ʱȻţ֮, ĸŹ, ӳһͬĿ꣬ȥӳۼǸ, ȷ˴Լ, ݿݡ
÷һ֣ͬӳ, Ҳǲܡ
ʱ򴽲 , īɫŭһһȾԼ˵
Ȼ
ʱԼ¶ԳƵָƣ˼, ıײߣӳ뾩Ȱ˵
, ֮С
޷, ӳΪλ˵
ӳҧȻ, δ룬⻥ͨʱҲΪȨƣԸӸùһ㡣
˵⣬ûС
ӳ֪ԼжѪԲŲԸԼ¹⣬ЦЦȶԲסġ
Ҳ

ʱȻףûټ˵еŭǱʲôɢˣһʧֻ
ƵУӳüۣ͸кЦ⣬£ʲô𣿡
޹飬ʱվʧȥ̾һٲһߣȥЩ
ӳ䴽ǳЦ
ĽŲ

һߣվڸ¥ϣʱһֿ࣬ɲǸ۸ģȷҪ¶𣿡
ԼԸҷϣҿɲԸ⣡һͬǸʵĺӣƾʲôͱǸ߹󼸷֣ƾʲô۵ӳܿң
ʱЦ
ƾʲôƾ˼Ԫճӣ̫ӡ
ıߣʲôĸ˽ı£Ҫʱ׻ˣ޵ǻĿܡ
ʱôû뵽ĵӡ
㵽ʣߣ£
ʱͷ¥ȺһЦô
һѣʱ¶֮λĪҪһӱѹһͷĸҪԪǰ
Ϊӵģܲ衣
˶һѣͷǰŮϳȥǹĸҲԸ⿴þԼģ游Ȱ˵
ԣν
ʱ磺𣿡
ϲң̫ҲϲңûκοԼ޸
ʱ¡
ʱҡͷֲö˵ġ
ʱԸ˺ݶ飬Ϊ˵õһˣ޲ֱӻٵԽã֪ı˶á
ʱ¥£׼ô죿
׼ˡЦֵſǣٹһӣû³
ʱ°ּͣҵĿ׼ôţ
СϲĵȻҪܵܡ΢̧°ͣɫôҲϲ
ʱҡҡͷӣãǸܰɣҿ޸ܡ
һֱ¿ϾڣʱһۣЦеֳ֪ǵƣjҲԸ
翴ʱȱ˻ʵۣҪαΣ
ʱһЦ𸴡

俴ʱһۣǹЦһۣڶԷп˷֮ɫ

ӳʱһ¥ȥǶȫľ¥ʮɸߣ¥ͷŴ ԶԶƼ
ţӳ΢΢üоԽԽ࣬ԽԽ࣬Щʱɢˡ
ʱͣ½ŲͷĬƬֽ̣ݸţ
ӳɵȥʣôô˰
ʱüԾ³ʲô¶ˡ
תͷ￴һۣԶȻķʹ˳ӵҲ˿ûиʱ΢΢ģӳ䣬ӿ˽Ųǰȥ
ţȴһӿһˣĿȷֱӳʱķ
ʱʶָĴ̿ͣ˲侯ĵãɿӳ䣬ճֳĽң߶ˡ
ӳͷ
ʵ̫ˣʱ΢΢üѥͳѶСذ׵ݵУذֻԴ󼸷֣ɺݣޱȣɱӦòѡ
޸֮ŮԱãպá
ӳǰذףʱǰߣԽԽ࣬ܿͼˣӳذףʱ䡣
ɲ֪ʱһɣϵûʸĵطóһǻ˸ϵġ
ӳʶȥʱʱ߰˸˳Ǽ佫˵ʱʧǰӳƬ̣еذףо¥ķŲ
Ըزģ˭ʶҲʶþǵ·ߣ֪ʲôΣգֱȥ¥ʱȻȥ¥
ӳĺϧ첻ԸŲûǰȻĸ׳ӣһĴ磬ͺļҵļҶСˡ
Ǽﻹӳ䵥Ĺ򣬱ҪͷףӳȻһ֮˷Ӧǰذ׳ײؽⱻ˷
ӲӲش򣬸һѾҲ򲻹ǰˣȲغã㡣
漴˵ӳͷǼ⴫һӳ˹ȥҲûʶˡ
谵֮ǰӳɿذףڴ
ʱӳԼһϣλεģͷ·᫲ƽȻǹٵӦǳ˾Ǵ֣ȥˡ
ͷѾ⿪ƾɵ
ӳǰذףЩ˵
СǿƯҿ˶ѳֲס
𣿡
ҲҰ
˼ǿأҶȫұɱͷ
ôˣǱ׽ˣ
Ӱŵģӻ˵ˣҪأȻҪǵɱ˼ӿɲǸúŪģ
ˣҾ˵˵Ҷ˵ҩЧҲùȥˣûѡ
ûѣϸƤСҪſˣˣϴץǸļҹţ޵Ӵǽһң
ռҵĹ
ԶԶԶԣĹӴ˵СһƤǾˣϧ
Сʡʡɣͷ㣬Ҷ˼ʮ°ֽ࣬Ҳŵط

Ҫ˵Ҳף㿴ѣƽͷվû⡣
˼ҳԵúôĺãõ
ˡ
Խ˵Խûߣӳҧ´Ŭ
ǵ˼ҪǰԼģ˻ܹĹŮӣλС㡣
ӳָֻǡӡ˭
Ҫȳȥ˲֪
ӳ͸϶⿴ɫԿĹ⾰涼ţȻӲģֻܱѺ͹ȥŻܡ
ӳ룬Ŀϣһ϶ӳ룬ͷϵҶ֮ǰ̫صͷ֧ÿֻͷʮ˿ӣӨˣڵҲҵ.
ӳְһ֧ϵһ֣϶˼š
ЩڵϣϸĻҵġ
ӳ˿սģÿأһӡ


 47 

˰ʱ, Ȼͣ, ǳطˣû𣿡
ӳͷ, һ, װѹͷʣʲôط
ƿ, ӴС, ͱˣ߾ǡ
㡭Ǻˣ
˲ֱӽӳ, ųǰߡ
ӳҧ, ɫеذף˼, Χ, ٲԶһǽ֪˭լۡ, Ǹˡ
ƽţӽһϣӳͳԼذ, , ͷ£ڵϣ˼ôԾȡ
, طԶ׼Ĳңǵ˾ȣ˶û֪Ҳ˷ˣƲͷĹ⾰
ӳָֻϻͼʱ· 
һ֪ҪӣҪӸղŽСӳȥ֡
ֻǡ뷨ӰŴ㿪
ӳҧȭͷȴü죬˴ƿ߽
ˣӳɴ˫ۣŭӣ
߽ϴаЦ⣬ӳˡ
ӳһץˣ㲻±𣿡
־͹¡ƣԵͳʸɱңʲôأ
Ȼʲô¡
ǰӳ°̧һ˶޸ǳҲҪζ
˵ţҪǿȥ 
ӳܿ죬ŭſң
˯㣬ҵŮˣװʲôҸЦɴڴϣֱҪȥ˺·
ӳ򲻹ֻŲѣ֮Լذףͻͻһ󣬾ǰذס
ذݵĺУһõһ
̰һȥͽˡ
ӳ˱ۣսȭͷеذӵı
һʹУӺȻͣ¶ԼѪɫ壬ӳ֪δֱӱһԵĴԺ
һ졣
˹ȥ
ӳµط´Ͼƴϵֻ֣££ѣֱӿųȥ˻Ҫװģ
ҪмΪ˷¶˶ǲɢˣǰûš
ҶլӲһ·˵ſڣӳſˣоţȴǰͦ߹ȥϱˣ
ӳЩֻҧɡߵģǸΥӵ𣿡
εڷУ֪ӳ˵Լģ˲֪٣ѵȥʾ
ӳҧҧίѵۿҡҲҪΪ𣿡
һ崿ģžͲ˵ѵģſڵҲѣÿ·ȥˡ
ţӳȻһ㲻ɳڣŲصسǰߣ߳˵߷ΧŴҴææܽһƬ
ɽľïʢǲĺõط
ӳܽȥһƬľԺһʯͷڵʹϸңҲδҵõ
˿̯ȥԼ䣬յģӳһǽذˡˣӦҲܲˡ
ӳҧ´סԼứ
ô㡭أ
ú·϶֮٣ӳôû뵽˵죬鶼
֪ʱôˣôΧһӦ
ֻҪ²źãһʱ
ӳʯͷϣ
˿̣ǵʱҲڵҹȺ˴ӳ󣬾ҪʱֺƥҶʱǰֻһЩƤˡ
ɹٱץȺ̿ͺʱӳˡ
Լ䣬ʱɫ˵ѿ
ҹȺ̿ͣһãɫʱھ׸ڣɫġ׸սս£Щ˶ǩ״һ˲΢΢ܣ
ʱ󡣡
ͷԼֱۣȥӪ֧ʿңȫѲ飬Ʊؽһ
ֱϵ˺ۣսս£֡
ްʱɫӾ׸ʼѣһ䶼ܷŹȻعһˡ
ɫ̫ѿһ仰Ҷ˵ֻܹˣæȥȥӪˡ
С
俿ϣһȻúõӹһ٣ɶ񣡡
䣬ǽô죬ǲᱻ鵽ɣ绹Щ֣̫ӵ¸£Ͼͬ
»Ů֮֮壬̫ӵ¿ɲᡣ̫ӵִҪǵ±ҲΪ
ʲôЦһ¹Ҳʲôϵ
Űһ㣬Ǳߡһǹأ
ѵ˻ң侪ȵؿ磬ھʲôʲôˮҲõԸĽ
粻
ͷмһЦˣӳñ͵˰ɣһֵǧ𣬿ڻζأ
ӳǴĳ޿أҧŮ˵׺ںδΪ˶ϲ
ķӵܣΪԣ޲ðΣҲҪõ
ͷЦڡ˼Ư磬ֵ
̫˸ǷƬ̣ȴžһ죬߿˹š
ֱȥŭʲôˣ
ˣغһ̫̫ӵ¡
ʱֱ䣬ϻմֱ˺Ѫۣޡ
΢΢һЦô
δ䣬ʱǽڷĴֺĲӣֱϣʺ
Ƭ̣Ǻ
纰£ʲô
ʱʣӳأ
һţǿŵ£ʧҲܵģ治֪
ʱֻϸֱ֣ʣأ
ɤ˻ƣ֪
Ȼˣʱȴ֮ͬģĮ䣬㲻ûġ
Ѿ޷˼ˣȱȫȻ֪Է˵ʲôֻҲ֪
ΨһǸܳϣϻһˣ֮ء
Ҳ֪
ǴԸ˵ˡ
ʱ䶢Ƭ̣˦ֽڵذϣˤ߻֮ʣתͷ硣
һӣ¡Ҳ֪
𣿡ʱֻʡ
һҹͬɤ˻ƣ϶źһɭȻ
ֻȴ˵£ҡ治֪
ʱγĽָ䣺˵̾Ҫ
£㲻ã纰¡²ͬģ㲻ԡ
ҿԣ֪ģҿԡʱ


һ
ȥǿ̣ʱеĽŴȥ纰˵ȫ˵
ȥһׯҲ֪ĸǶ
ҲǶ
ʱеĽչһͬؽȥû˭ǳиʥּҲɡ
ǣ
ʱתţȥ


 48 


˳, ˱㲻֪δ, ֻּܱ·ҰѲ顣
ҹ̫ӵ̵Ϣ˾, 꿤°ӵֻ֪, ϰǶΪ̫ӵѲ̿, һΪĵṩ
̫ӵǸô, ģдЩ֮棬ץסƵſͷźá
ϰαȥ, ͷ쵽ʱ, һʿȻһ, ڵϼ
ʱ, һԲ飬Өһűֵ, ļǧģҪʱЩӳ
͵, 첻, Щ
ôеϢ˲
ȻӳļǺ, ʱüͷҡ
ֹһڰҵһţ˵£ҵˣ
ʱǱȥǰߡ
ӳ뷨Ǻţ·;ϣǰȫģô飬ӦܱԼ
ʱ֣񱼵ٶȷɿ죬ԼĪأƼһ̫·Ź⣬ӳǰͷ
******
ӳҧز˵Ѿػˡ
Ƿӵ״ܳץԼӳȭͷڹľͷס
ط֪ܲá
ӵҵʱӼǺΪҪͷ¡
³谮ӣ㵱ΪҲֻһȥȫȻ𷣡
ҡӳЦȻӹȥͱһֽˣȥʹʵ۵ҲԼ
ҲҪ𷣡
ӵѾѲ˼飬ҶӳʵΣ侲Ҳû˷֡
չ죬ӳȻ۾ŲԶ۶һȺˡ
رԾжȣӳоóȺս˺ɱѪûоԵĲݰ
ӳһ
λĵĽܾԼһ
ɡӻ߻ʺأǸճ뻢ڡ
ӳҧ´ľ᲻
ӱʿԽԽԽԽӳ̧ţӪĿףԶӵӺ
ߣӪˣһ㡣
˷ĺʵȺ˸޹أӳģ̼Ժ˾
ܽûȶһѰɡ
Ҫӵץ
һѣȫԷ
ôţӳɴȺӴӹľŲȥèߡ
ߵʱûüָߺǶҵˣ
ӳʶӦȾܣв׷ֱֱǶӾʿܱߺ
˻
۳ŵ˸ǰ˫һڵϣǼ׷űҪк
ӵʿŭȣס֣
ŭһǰļۣǿŮ
ӳ̧Ȼһ㶣ϤʱĶйһ֮ԵŵС
Ƽˣȴֻůָˣ̲ס᣺ң
ӳһ̫бʶȣ˾Ƭ̣ͷ££ҵˣ
Ƭ֮䣬һ˲Ӻ汼ŵϵˣæ߹ȥӳ
ӳɾֻü޺һ¡
£ټ㣬̫ˡ
漴˹ȥ
ʱ˽ӵУ̧Χļӣ˾͵ظɱڣعá
Ǽӻ࿴̫ӵ£ӣҪƽϡ
ʱǣֻӳϣԼͷǱʿ˵˾䣺ţˡ

ʱĿĮˮӳعһ·عǣʱûͻֱܽӴ˶˳̫ҽ
̫ҽȷӳº󣬲˶
֮ǰͷӳԴ̾һˣҺܿͻ
ſںû֮ǰκ˶̤붫벽ոʥּҲйµ
ǣ
һӲҪ
ӳʺͽ»Ҫһҡ
ǡ
¶أʺǱҲҪ֡
ʱɫģֱӳӵȥˣϣʺͽڣ޿ڻʵ۸ǰһһĶС
ʱõ˿ڶ¶ţֱ߽ȥʡ
ʵ۱޵ۣӹʣʺ˵ץ˰䣬˵С㽫˴߲ڶǼ٣
ġ
֣㡭ʵָ̫ĻֻãȽ˷ˣĸ̿ͣҲ
ʱĮؿ˻ʺͽһۣû˵˵Ե𣿡
ʵ̧ΪΣ
ʱֱ۸䵭ĳŮ͡
˿ȻֻƤˣҲ㹻ˡ
ʵһ㶣̫ҽţܳʲô죬ȥ̫ҽ
ءʱʣҹƲ߻˺ôһϷЩҪ˶Ŷץ𣿡
Ա䣬ʵȻʱҪ̾㷣ɣֻ
ЩΪѣֱ⣬ӣôһ
ʱ𣿡
ʵȻ
ȴû£ǼСʲôΪҪά̿ͣСһ̿𣿡
ʱͷŽĮǣ
һҭ޵££̫ӵ˵ʲôĶӣʹаôͱ!
ʵ˵
ʱҹͰ乴ᣬӳߴߣױ˷һǻ𣿡
ʱҴţ¶ʵҪ֪Ҳ⣬ʱʾţðһ
ӵ˼ʵһֱ֪ȴδȻ㵨죬乴ᣬɱ̫ӣ߿
ֱš
ʵվǶĿڣ˲ŵʹӳҲáϾǻʼѪˡ
ʱˣˡ
ʱĮѣʻбҪ𣿡
ʵ۲ȵʹˣҶѾֽܿ˹˱ţһ֪˴ѣһ𷣶𣿡
£·ϱǴ˳ӣȴΪ߱ɱӣѱղᡭ
ΣʱһЦʵ˭㿤·ϣ
ѵ̫ӵ¾ãݱȻӸ߹𣿡
ͬһսϣʺͽǰӣһͬʱһƷֻǳӰˡ
ʱǣԻʵ۵ʣǰ˵һ¡
ʵΪѣȴʵ˵£
ԿΪ̫ʳȫ
ʲôʺȻվŭ£˰ɣȻҪһɱӵΪޣΪŮ˲˵ܵ
ʵЩãδ£̫
ǣ˺СôҲҪ𷣵ģҲðʮӡ
ʮӣӳǸ壬ĸ˴ʮӣֱҪ
ʺ£ȻСͰ䷸ȣСȻ˽ѵڴ϶ˣ䱻Уδ֪檾ӳѷ
޿ҿС
Ůһһ˵˻ʵۣʵ۵𷣣۴£㡭Ƚͳޱ֤Ҫ
ʱֻ길Զ˵֤ĸ
ɫ䵭ģƤ̧һ£ĮȻѣʣǵðɡ
ʵȻ
ʱͷ룬Լͳذ
ʵüذ׸ʲô
ʱذסԼУ̧ĿĮ
ʡ
ʵŻˣֲ֣㡭
ʷģȥġʱ侲侲ƥϵżҹµΣûô
ʵۻǲģۣɿǡ
ûʲôҪġ
㵽Ҫʲô
ʸʣҪҪʱʣأ
ôһʺһţ˭ҪֱԶʱΪףˣ̫ӵ²Ҫ֣
ʱֻŻʵۣʣ֪ҴӲЦ
Ǻ㣬ں˭
ʵ۳ĬƬ̣ͷڱް
ǡ
ʵ۱ۣˣˣ޴Ӧǡ


 49 


Իʵ۶, ʱԪ֮, ΣͲίԼвԼ, ҲòЭ
Ϊǰ
ʵ˵껰, ̾Ϣһпޣޡ޵Ǹ˸öӡ
ʱеذ, ˵, ߵ׵лʡ
㡭ˣȥ̫˵ɣ˼ҴӦ, ޱʵƣҡҡ, ȥɡ
£ĸͬ⡣
ʵ۱ĬȻ
, ǿſ, ӳȻԸȢޱ㲻ˣǰ
ҪҷŹʱ𣿡
ʱ̧, ӲǸ˵ˣЩҪҵҲ׷Źǡ
ʵۺȻ, Ȼʺʱ, ǸӣǸǿ顣
꣬˶ص, ̧ͷʱݿĮȴϡеģ
ľˡ
ܹȥ꣬ʼǰʱ°ڣŸʵĺӡӣ͹Լ
ʵۺȻʧðβżѵıǡ
ӺǲͬģĳӣһָǽȫеĶҲȲһָͷ
ʱǰõв
ʵʯĳҲûа취
Щ˺ȥԼСͰ䣬ζԵζԵŵĻʺ
̾׵Ƕ°ɣ½Խ̫Ӹ𡣡
ʺͽǲ¡
ʵۻͷһۣɫ䵭Ǳľս
ʺҲ۽
ʵ۸ϳͻʺſڶһۣǰδдЭ飬Ҫһȥӡ
ʱȨûƼǣٲܽ
ӳˣŹһֱŷһԲ̴ܽŵĲᣬʹȴһԲ
ʱ߽ʱҪ޲޵ģ̫ӵ£ǲɵˣ
ʱüٲߵߣͷŴŮ̾ӳ
ӳ΢΢ת۽Ŀϣˮ˳
ӳɤ˻ƣ¡
ʱһᣬס֣ˣԵ㶫òã
ӳͷһֱο޵ΪҲˡ
ΪҾҪˡ
ʱοģ¡
Ѿˣء
İ£ӳȶ߬䣬Ĳ١
ʱ̾ӳᶨҡҸղŶԸ˵ҪȢΪޡ֪룬֪㲻ңҪ㡭
ӳסˣȢң
ʱͷ
ҡӳҡ
ʱӳҪ֪粻ܵģҶá
ǵģ롭ӳ״ΣֻŸԼ⣬Ҳϲ롣
ѲʱںڣΪʲôҪƭʱΪʲôҪ˵Լϲ룿ôģԼҲôġ
ͨһЩ顣ʱǵһУƺ⣬Եýޱȡ
꣺ҴͲϲ룬ϲ㡭
ˣ΢֮㣿޵Ĳ֣һѣһж׿ˡ
һƹ㣬Ȣңӻңô
ӳһֱڿޣһֱڿޣŽʲô˵ˡҲˡⳡЩҪʶǽС΢ػţҲԶȫ
ʹʹģҲʹЩ
ʱЩͲϲˡôãԼôԼƭ
ӳţԽģ޵ĸһЩ
ʱޣˣŴ̾ӹŮӣ֪
Ҷ֪̾ϢһӳָһһţⶼҪ¡
ǰǲ֪֪ˡ֪Ҳ֪ˣûжٷӦ
Щ飬ǰҪġǡҹȻʧ٣ֽͿ־ţ ֻҪ˻úõģĶҪ
ȥ룬ӳ£ô죿ֻƴȥۣ˻
ѾõĽˣȥģԵ̫̰Щ


 50 


ӳѴס, , ֪
ʱͣһߵĮȫȻͬ, , ǣҶ֪, ¡
㰲, ˵ʲôҪ
ӳһֱͣ˳ʪͷ޵Խġʱ, ʹ˲ź, ŻὫЩ˵Ƴ
ӳ޵ó, ̲, ̧ѯʣҪȢ𣿡
ʱġ
ҪȢҵ̫뾩Ϊ˺ף޸˭Ҫ޵, ѵ޸ң𣿡
ӳҡҡͷָ, ̫, Ҳš
ʱΡ̫ӵ¸߲ʣ, ˵ҪȢ
õأ
ʱʵ
ǰδеᣬͬǴŵһ仨ȥӳĬĬᣬн˹ʡ
ɶС˹µðʱ̾ӳȳЩɡ
Ҫȥʱĺ䣬һȥӳ㲻뿴ʳ𣿡
ӳüۣͷ롣
ԥһ£һţ¡
ôͬ⴦ԼŮ˵ӳúõû£Σѵһ٣һٱˣѵҪΪ
һ޸ĸƾʲôӱȽϣ
ʱڣܾܲҡ
ЦЦʮ裬οҲԿġ
=======
һͬܽͥԺУбӳݺͱһûƿεӣ߲·Ǳ̧Źġ
ʺͽ˴ҴҸվһԻʱʱĸãֻȴͷ޼ֹС
ʱӳһͬ£ȫûлʺ͹ӳԥƬ̣ʱû밲
ѲǸ΢ѵļ꿤ʱ˵ѾּҪȢΪޣպ̫¾Ҫʱɶ档
ʱԪӣײ̫ӣݸ߹ƥ˶ڡ
ȴʵֻۣлʺʸˣƼҲֻĬĬ񡣽ȳϣʱԸʺ밲ӳҲֻڡ
ʺɫã߬ȭͷݺݵŶˣֽǵĿͶϡ
ʱûǣֻƽڣչôҲˣݺһƷ·񼫣ȷ֮ˣȥ´ãҡ
磬û˿顣͵̧ͷ̫ӵ£һֶ𣿡
ЩҶһƬģӳûһȵңôôңʧУŭô
ʱĿⶼûһ䵭ػӻ֣ߡ
ʺ촽˶̧ͷǱֶŮȥ£ֻ²̫ʰɡ
ֵطǹŮȥģһˣ׸ɾҲٲֻżҶѰ
ĻŮһ˳ô˵żأ
ʱƽ͵ؿڣʺΪܳ𣿡
һԾʺʧУ˵ʲô
ʱȻĿϣڣһʼҹҲС㱻Ϊһӹ𣿡
Ȼ̧ͷ
ʺҲһ䣺ʲô˼Ѿͷ㡭㺦ģ
ʺǲţҧΣȻȥȻҸʳػţȻ
ƿװʲôװ겻Ů˲кĺӣŽǵ㺦Һ͸ĸ룬δ鷳أ
ʮ꣬ĸô谮ģ͵͵ڴ£ĸֵĶԻ
ĹŮȻȴǿ
ǳˣĹӻ˵ն˵ĺӣ͵湫ʱɱ˴ͶˣĸŮܵõϧֶΪ

һͻȻףΪôĸֳģ綼˳谮ƫƫٴɫºͣʵϺ޸顣
Ϊĸܹԥ
ԭΪԼͲŮ
ԭһֱŽŮعϧĸ
к꣬ԸóԸڻʺ׼֮ǰҵŰ˵ְģ͸̣һһ۵ŮˣȻ
ʺôʹֻܻȥ
ʱеĳ죬޿˵
ЦһװʲôװҪҺȡĸŮҲӣռҡߣ
ΪΪηҪǣһЦˣҲܣһܣ
ʺݺݵк޵УңѾͷʲô㡭
һ㣬ݺһ˦ϣʲôĸʲôƾʲôĸŮĵʯƾʲô
һڶƾۡ
ӳϣ˶סˣ֪˵ʲôźá
пʺ󵨴죬ҵпʺĺ˭ʯǸп
ӳţ뵽հԼЩˣƺλĹ
ԭȻΪ
һֱܵԼĶӣҲסˣŻʺ˴һ˼顣
ô鷢ʺһֱװ磬Ȼ£Ҳ̫ˣ֮ϲʺ˴ҪϺģ󹬲һ̺Ļ˭Լʸ
֮ǱסӡֻҪӺúõģ춼⣡
˻ʺ˴򣬼ߵӳǰ£˼ͷ޿ʱ
СҺͱ³軵ˣһ޷죬ʲô¶ҲΪ⡣޵ֻǿѽģΣֻѺãһɡ
ܾСĴǿˣҲѾ˽ѵ
ӳƽҲܵģȥ̫ӵ°ɡ
Ӧ飬̫ӵô᲻Ӧأɽ飬檲Ҷ˵ģֻһˣǿò˳ģҵ⳥
ؿţӳС޸ĸӦʮĽĸ޵ûˣҲûˣһ·ɣ
ӳһԲʱ
ʱŽ߹ˣƽڣֻҪԷģϾǸʵĶӣҲ
һϲ
ʱĿתϣ䵭㻹ʲôҪ𣿡
˰ӳɱʱǰ϶ҪʡҲˣ顣
аɱ飬Ҳв룡ЦȻ˴ֵǱȻάŸеĶׯ̫ӵҪõĻɲֻһŶ
ʱü˵ͷ֪ˡ
ղŵ飬ʰɡʱնʺøʴõĺá
ЦһնҵӲˣ
ʱƢؿԡ
Ӳˡ
㲻ˣʣأô
ռλС㣬ʱǰģʺ󳤵ü˶ΪŮùãδĹﱻնļãᣬѺδԾ䷢Ӽƶա
ǸõĹ֪õʱʱļ
ǻʺŮʱҲٶԸ飬ĹһŲ֪ȫǻʺģֻ˴ѵռҹնĸĸ
ûκ顣
䲻һһʼ޹ģǾôԺͲ޹˲ǲкĹǴɱ̫ӣ߰ӳʱģÿ¶һٱġ
ʱ䣺ǻŮΣԺҲΡ
Цô࣬ҪȻܹʳعźӣ𣿡
ǣ
ڴɱԼˣʱûʲôģҲˣԣһֱźӣԶ˴
кЦ֪ˣҸɱźã
ʱȻ
ʺ󱾾ಡڵϣʱĲҵŮ
ʱֻĿʱϣЦһܣһţ𣿡
ʱЦһ֣ɱӵģΪʲô˵
ֵܣҶȻ飡
ޣһ㲻ҪĻҲΨ˵ˡ


 51 


˭ŲҪ
ʱ, 㵱Ҳ֪Ӧҵʱ, ׼Һ綥ڹװʲôװ
, ûа
ʱ乷ҧ, ʱᣬֻǶ졣
ͬ, ͷ, ҲµģЦ̫ӵ£, ǷŹ, ҲŹģ
ӳ²ۣŶοˣ
ЦȻһͣ, 촽, һԲ
ǰŶѹˣοˣ
ͲʱĶ, Ȳ֮ӡ
ʱ˭Ѫ˵ʱ򣬲䱯ҵ, ˺ӵѪԵϵ, ּݡʱΪɱ̫ӵıȦ̤꣬һ
ʱ, ֻǸףֻȥϵľλΪ
λӵоʱЧͱˡԭҲҪߣʼѪ¹شΪ˹Żʵ۹
ĲãʵЩ֮ʱЩûվȣָŻʺ˵㡭㡭ˣ
λռĹСʱʵҲģᣬƯҲ£ǸõСѾͷҲǸѾͷ޸ĳӣ²Ϣ˼
ȴԭǸŮ
ӱȦŮ亦ˣʺ˿ڵϴ㶵أΪԼ⡣£ʵԹó檡ר软ϣһҪҵŮŲò
ƨ
ͲǸܱˣҺʱҪˣʱǺúûţ㵱˭һǰ̫ӣΪҺһẦĺӣ
ޣС֮ģ
⻰Ϣ̫󣬻ʵŭ㺦
ʱıΪˣǣھλʲôģֻҪ»žûһ졣ģ˿̻Ŵ˼˿𣬡Ȼʺȥǰ͸̫ӵ¹ֻɱèˡ
ЩҲŴҪ֣Һ̫зûóѣ
ϲǲų檵Ļ̫ӵ£ǲƭġ
ʵûʣֻ˱ۣӲڣЫˣ
ЫҲʺ󣿡ʵ۵ּ⣬ʺѪΪʮ֮ȥʺλ乬
СʵǸҵĹһʱЩ֣֪ô졣
ʱƽȻǻʼѪȻҪع
һһܿö𷣡
Ժӵˣȴӹһ٣˶ûú³ǻʺһȫû
ҫֻĨĨᣬؿߣ£˵Сݲٴڹֻ˳ӣ˵ͳȥҪ𣿡
£ԸԼλֻСڹˣպĸһҲС
֪ʾҪԣŻʵۡ
ʱǸķôǻʵĶӣˣʵ۴ԼǺӳʱӦõġ
ϲл̫ӵ¡
========
ⳡʣжȻ徻
ʺĸӼ˴ɱ̫ӣصĹأûһк³ռҶ˹䣬ȥְ¶̫ӵµĿأƺ
ֻǳϵǣʵռҲӵնүһС١ĹģĹ˵Լ˰졣
ջǾܾڵ飬ֻʵĹĸ
ЩǶҾľҽ̵ļãҵĸȴһԲסңҶ
ʵĻûжԱӦˡ
ӦҲԥġԥŸò٣ѵŮڡǲԼѰǽʼˡ
ʵ۱Ų˼Ȼǧ˳
ռҶү͹ְ΢űŰɡ
ͬʱֿ̫ӶϢҲ鳯Ұ⣬ɹٲӳ鷳ܿЩˣһʱ֮棬Цԣ˵ĲС
ӳɵøпǼʹأ
ΪͷЦպ̫ƥЩ˰ͽҲηȨơ
ǰӳЦЦǰͽδ̫Ǳ΢ļ꿤
̫̫ǿαطֿ룿ڵտĻ˵ѵ˰ͽ̫ӣΪ̫үݣѵη£Ϊλ
һ˺ݱǷֲģҪ˵ǲſЦأ
ɶ˶٣Ц:ģħˡ
˵ĶԣһĶܲأǰЩӿҲֻΪݣΪжôá
һģͲضԡ
ӳžĽգһЦ˵öԣ̫࣬Ҳħˡ
Ů緱޾ףһЦŻ˵ľ̬ǰͺ̡
ɵૣȴգһӡ


 52 


ʵΪ꿤̫ӵ´˻, 䶨, 쿤Ķһʱ˼
̫ӵĻ², һʱ׼õġ
ο, 꿤ԭɱ´, Ҫ޸вӵĻ׾, Լֻ˼λʷ
иּ޸̫ӣŮ, Ȼͬն, ֻмλʷ̫ʵڶ̫Ӳ
ʵǴʹʥּȥ, ЯӶŮ뾩, Ϊͼޡ
ӳŴ£̾һδ, ֻȥ̫밲
ȴȥĲʱ̫Ųյظл, 糤ü˳վĸ׸ǰ, ޿
ӳΪѣ̫Ƽкһ¡
糤˲, Կ޵ĸ֪ˣպٲҸǺĸΪ飬лΪҡ
ӳаɺ
ʱղȴҲ֪¶üãʳ̫ӶȫˡˣĶͳ
ôñΪ
ܿ죬糤Ϊ˻
ĸĺúõģȴҪȥΣʲôҵ˵ʲôɣʲôҶӳ
ӳһӡ
糤ڸв֪۱ͳԺգھְλݵλĸߣȨ󡣿ɳһĸ߹١
Ƕãαؽ˾ھУ޷չȭţ
˵ͷȾΣգǱȻģһ򸻹̫ӵ£Ҳƽ֮ңų׵λġ
糤ʵ˸֮
ֻǻʼҵ¶Ŀǰֲ๣ӳֱƽƽţżе䣬ȴ˵
糤߶ˣ̫ŵڣԸĸ׵Ŀʹ˼
Ķʲô
۱㶮Ķࡣ̫ŮǰʺߵýȰٴΣһȫȥ˵۱۹𣿡
糤첻
ǱµẦ̫üӳ˵˵ۣԸھУţ
ӳ̧˼Ƭ̵СŮȻԸ
ԸͷԹζһ棬ղźóеΡһζ˱ӻôأ
ӳһģ峺׵Ц⡣
̫صͷʮСѾͷ㿴Űҵˣ˲ˣ㸮ȥ
糤ˣ̫ҡҡͷɶµӳĸǰҵŮ֪ʡ鷳
ӳЦ̫ޡ
ĸǺõģؽڸ壬üϧʵã糤޷Ტֻۡ⻰ȥҪǷǡ
̫Ȼ֪̾ΪͻȻţ
֪
̫鸴ӣĵǰ⡣˵һͶкøУǽԶԶʡ
ӳָһ٣пֲԤС
Ϊ֪̫ͳ᲻֮顣ǳˣͲϲԼ̫߿ôأ
ҵû
㲻ضģҲǨŭ㡣
ǡ
̫üۣ»ǱҪЩҪ޸ͼޣǹϵ׽ȥ̨ɽ˾˻
ӳһĸײǶŮ𣿡
Ķľ˾ˣ
̫Ҳƭˡ
游ֶӡ̫һʣһѪԵԶˣҲ׽ľ˾ˣȴǸģ̨ɽ޵겻Ϲ磬񰧼Źȥſɽ
׻˵Ϊи˾Ҳýɵһ
ӳ¸л̫
ӳи֮롣
̫˵
о֮ţ֮ʵڿϧҪ㽫¡
ӳƬ̣δҵġ
ǿԣӳ߾ȫ
˾ˡ
и˾ھУҲԮ
ܽ£ȻǽԴϲ
̫˰죬ӳǻܽŮ̫ӵܽСʱջضȥˡ
ӳͷ˼Ƭ̣תͷȥ˶
ʱڻ԰Уӳչȥһò衣
ʲô
ڶʮʮ׿˵
׿˵
ӳкһѹסĴǡ
һˣڶҪ׿ڸ㣬Ըñ˴ͣǶʮְء
ʮʮ᲻̫ѽʱǣҲŵǲá
˵˾ͺáʱòǡ
ӳͷӦˡ
ʮʮ
ôӣܿ͵ˡ
ʱɫס֡
ʱ򶫹ĺϻˣûůЩǴ飬·⣬úòã
ӳͷ
㻹ϲʲô
ӳ룬벻ҡͷҲûرİá
Ǿҵİɡ
á
ӦɵǸСӡ
ʱһЦָ߬
ϣڸһЩ
δȴ
µõܣһ˶㣬ֻһĺǿⲻȴʮСӣվ̫ʱĿ⡣
ĿӳϣһһЦ½񡣡
̫ԣĸŮֻܲһŮˣѪԵԶԶ˵㣬ȴ޸ˣѵҪ۸
ᡣ˵Ҳ֪ã֪ң
̫ЦЦǻȥˡ
ڽ˻ʵּ⣬ŮӹдȥƼңӳסĸŮʱסԺң
˾䣬ƽﲻ˵ֻڵд
һҲȤԺתתȥ
תתţ͵˾µףЯȫϾ
ͬģ֮롣


 53 


һ, ǧŮ޵Ŀ, ˶ԥظ㣬๫롣
ݿ, Ż׿, ֮ݸ߹ССͱ˼Ź֮, ڼһص, ȼӻԼ֡
˴յͷ̴ǱϢ, һֱŵӳʱ
ʱؿӳһۡ
ӳ, ͣǰȷ޸, ֻΪλ, Ḯܰ޶Ů˽顣
֪ʱס, һһѲӨָ
ģ
ӳЦ
Ϲ˵ʲô
ȴ̵ġԼԼء
Ͼڼʱ, ˵䲻롣
ЯӶŮϰ, ۡӳʱ߳ȥ
ʱ밲󣬽𻰡
ȳ, ƽãȴλûУֻվڼһ˫ӳϣüۣѱ档
ӳûȥɵį
ʱͼѡ
һ·࣬뿤ڶĽΪ常ҹ̸ʵȭȭġ
ƤЦⲻЦӳֹŮ컯¸м
ʵڲ뿤˵
֪ܼ޸̫̫Ů̴ǰ㣬װױСӣ
̴òףŻ׿̬ʤӳ򱶣̫ѡ
ʱ̧üĵüĿż
Цһ
һ
ʱջĿ⣬ˣַǷǽ֦Ҷк벻ģУĪҪϹ˾
һֲ硣
ǡ
ʱƺǱգվյΪֹɣӳһȥ
ȵӳסô
¶ּҿگڿޣһֱסǱߡ
⻹ġ
ü򸾳䵱ӳĸĸԸֻǸþ˾ˣʵû̫ĻȨ˼ȥ˻ʵۣ⡣
ڱӦʲôΨ˺ͻʵ۶֪
ɫһ
ֶŮ𸮳ޣڴ
ΥʵֻۣΪӳĲԣЦļңαҪȥ𴦳ޣ
Ǿ˾˵˼ӳЦ˾Ҫڿޡ
˾ˣĶľ˾ˣ
ǶĴɩǸŮ˵ֵܣǽöûаӳʯͷбĳľ˾
ӡʱΪ󣬡ΨһѪ̳ƺľλҲӳľ˾ˡţ֮µԾ˸֮Ϊȡ
ԭˡаȴЦ˵ջҪλ׼Ҿү
Ǹӣôҵǰү
ģӳΪ㴫ġӳǳǳһЦɫЪϢɣӳ밲 
ʱɴ䣬飬ûиһתͷȥͺʱЦ̡
߬ȭͷ
Сסˡ
ĵƿء
Ц룬ϲӳ˰ɣ
ӶвϲԼķͷŻҪ䳰ȷһͨռӳŹᡣ
ֻ俴һۣȥ
ſںסӳ
ӳͷһۣʱϣ˵˼仰תͷ룬ڡ
죬һԻʱοڣɷ񻻸ط
ɡӳƽܾҽҪȥðױҪ̫밲ûɡ
ṫ£ϴνĻǲ˷ѱ˴˵ʱ䡣
Ƭ̣һԲӳ㱻ʱǣ˽ӣһƺƵǰȥųʵ˼Ѽ
ųӵβ͡
жȻһ˿Ա
Ϊڼһ˿ɳңȴˣĸ֡
Ц
ôӲ˰
޹ء
====
صӳʱϣ̬
ôˣ
Һþ˾˸ӣǸǰޣֻ´鵱վܱӦˡ
δ򸾻һα
롭뻹飬ʵѬġ
ӳƲ뿪˲ŷ֣ʵڲǸˣʢ֮ȫҰģûһȱ
ʱںڵķŪ
ǼģڵģոӹûҲ˽룬Ǹõģῴա
˵öԡӳЩչĿ࣬ϸӺ
ҵĹǸж
ܼ̳мλ㲻ðࡣ
ֻԼŮ
Ǹжֻ»ꡣʱҡͷ̾Ϣӹ̰׵ֶͷϣ
˵Բסǣĸĸ˹֮ҳһҶǰյĶˡԲסǵģϸӡ
ʱԴ
˼Ҫ̫أ޹ء
̾ϴȥ꣬бг㡣񾳿ǣƵΨгλ͢ϽΨһķӣֻǹ˼Ķ࡭
λ̸ڣһͬڶȫֻ»´ҡ
ߣӳ˼꿤ָúȥδӣ
ƻã෨ӣŸóʵʩ
ӳĬֻ𣿡
ĸѪǾʧȷá
ڼ̶ʱգԴö˷޶ȣϴҪĥ˷۲ˮУ˲֮ٻλӣֲ٣
ʲô
ӣĸĸ֡
ӳ̾
˵Щз𣿡
ǡʱƽ
Ǽ˳Ƴɱ𴦲Ƿǡңɱȫ壬ֻΪƽң˼˴
ҪĹŻᡭӳһ˵ɣš
̫Ǽ꿤Ϊ̫ӣƱҪǽӴ˶ɱ̫ӡ
Уӳܾķɿ죬Ҫ̫Σˣ
Σգһᰲźõġ
ֻҪӳϡʱһһصĶҩ֤еĶֻмСʱڼеģҩ
еġ
Уʱİգ㸸ױӵ񡣡
ӳ򴽣ð֮ڵ˵ͷá
ҴӦ㡣


 54 


ӳסڿ, , һռ仹Ҫȥ밲ʺá
ݲͬ, Ƕµ̫, ˲Һһ
ȴҪӦ⣬ӳˮ
ֻǲ, ӳյ밲, ͱ̴ȥҡ
ϣȴ˵סƴĴȥ𴦡
ӳƽ, , ſڱʣʲô
ǫʵһ, ƽ޲ɱ, ֮Ҳδ
Ȼ飬ӳǲӦ
ӭ䣬״Ʋ⿪ڣ̫ӵµĶ, мλɣ
ӳʵʵش𣺡һûС
ɫһ
漴ֵá
⡭ҲԣȻʺȥ磬û˸̫ӵ²ٳ, ûӦõġ
û, ԺҪ˵ģӳ㻹Ҫƺã˶˳谮
, ܲẦ㡣
ӳºЦ
ʱѵڵװˡ
΢ӳҲµĽ֪ʲôӣ
ҵģһ̫ͬӵ淣պǽ֣¹ĶĺӣǵĶ֡
ӳЦ
ѹͻȻһΪõģԭǴ⡣
̴ͽ
̫ӵ£߲ʣ̴ŮˣվǰĶ

ӳĬˣ֣
Ȼ֪ȥ̫ӵ½»飬ġ
ǲס
ӳϺЦ⣬ȴŭ
»֮ʱŷý붫ôǷ֮Ĺϵ ֻʱҪ
һǷҪɡ
ʲôףʡ
̫ӵݸ߹ѡɣҲҪŮ֪òһأ̴㲻񡣡
ӳǳǳһЦ˵նãҲ̴֪ôġ
̴Ƽ˸ĸϵĶ̴ּУΨһһòƽƽġ
ĲÿݹýһѾ߶硣̴ƽ˵ò˭˵ÿҪȥ
ӳĳ ±Ųסŭӳҷң
ӳЦһá
ΣҵҵˣҲܷһƷδĻ̫ѵһкβң
˭˭ˡ
ûУסĻӳˡ
鲻䣬δǹţֻһһڿޡ
㽫֮˵ȥ¹򣬾кŽ֪Ů֪ܵŸ檡
úһ֪ŮԣʵڿЦ֮
һʱ֮䣬ĸŮΪЦ޿ӳ˿С۸С
̴ĸŮɱˣҪӳҥֱ鵱գǲŵԼӳ档
ʮʮģƣǸõӡ
ӳ֣ذ˸ĸλŮĲ߳ȥ
̫ûк£һɫ˿չɵķ·ŽĹ󣬷
棬Żڳ
ٶ֮䣬񻣬Ʈɡ
ɴס棬ڲסɰȡ
Ӳ¶µĻȣ֪Ǿˡ
·߿ֱֵۣ½̫òżȻģеޡ
һʱ֮䣬Ľ̫ӵº޸
=======
ڣȴѺá
ϣɫǺ⣿ӳ常ˣΪβܹң
ƶƵҽȥ磬ôλڣŮޣݶɽĸĸҪ壬ûĵ
길ĸλ𣿡
ԲŵɩᲢֻۣӳֱӺʹΪá
ӳԸˡƶЦǵΪԼ֪αر
߬еıӣ俴һۣվظ
ӳȻǸǡ
ҶûжͷΣöġ
ڱЦһ
˿̣մͬ
̫Ӵ飬ʵеĹ£̫󵽶ֻ
ӳӭ붫󣬱ڹ˵ָ°á
֮·
˼һȦſȴȡ
һֺӳƿɴȡ
ܽ棬Ҷü⻪ӣԡ
֮ϣݲ
֪˭ȴƼž
ɩ
˶λ꿤֪ľǷɵá
Ȼױֽģƽͬ
λ̾Ȼġ
ǹ˼ֳۣȴҲôģֹȻ޸ǳܵ˼Ϊ顣
ʱ˰Ρ
ӳɬصͷһĨ糺죬ɫϼ⣬ӳ񼡷
һʱ֮䣬ڵĺЩ
ʱס˵ߣվǰ֣ˣȥɡ
һ仰еĵܵãֻʣϲͷ򸾶ˡ
ϲָ£ƣᷢͬġ
ʱȥ濴
»֮գɵģܷܲſ˲ܣϲģ׹󣬻׹ݣ˼һƬģΪ̫ӣ൱úӦꡣ
ӳͷĿ뿪
ʱ仺ʹӳԡºڷһյѸԵƬ̣ɫ㽥
Ϧ͸ӴһƬơ
֨ѽ
һӳ̧ͷʱ߽
ͷɢ𣿡
ɫ簡ǵĻǣн֮ôǰڼͲҪֵҹġ
ɢˡʱȼ𣿡
ӳϷһĨΣ߳˵˵
绨գʱ˰ǰסϸָڣðɡ
ӳɫߺ죬һѣȥԡ
ԡ֮󡭡˵
ʱȥңԡδˣ˼߳¶׳ź͡
ӳֻһۣɫ糺죬ϼ̵󼦵
ǲˣ
ʱס֣סϸ֫˵¡
Ϧɽ£ҹɫһ˿
һƬžȴһ϶ĴϢ
ࡣ
ڣӳ߬ס
룬ĮˣʱҲƻ


 55 


, ӳʱ, ͸ڴ, ۾, λεģ̵۾
ӳȥ
һ̧, ʹϯȫ, á
ҹ飬糱ˮһӿǱճͨɫ
ôô
ӳһ, ͷ˷Ӧÿ, Ц̫ˣ
Ȼıĳƺӳ֪, ҹʲô
ӳ֫, أ
³ȥϴˡ
δ䣬ʱѴ̤ˣ
ӳӵصͷ, 糺졣
ʱţЦЦҲδ˵Щ˵Ļ, ֻŮź𴲡
¸ͷһ, Ҫҳ밲̫, ȴҲɷ
޻ʺ󣬾̫С
ȥӳһ£ʱ߽Уһ̧۱Ƽˡ
һ
ڹסãӳȻ޷Щ׾죬Щꡣ
ʱŰݼ
̫󣬻ʵۣܵãмλѾ޵ĳҲŴ֡
һȦö˵仰ʱ͹ȥˡ
ɫ磬̫δʲôѵ˲˼񣬱ȥЪϢ
ʵȻ
ӳȷˣˡ
糤Ц̫óԸ붫Ⱥһأֻһ׮̫ýҲһͬЦһЦ
ĸʱ俴һۡ
糤Ǻ۵ţѹЦ̡
¶˵̫мֹϵҵҺţ˵̫ӵµĹùã̫˵ϻǣλС붫
ҺŶûҴӦ̫ãô̫ǣ̫Ϊҽʵ벻ס
ųһЦҲ벻ס
ӳһŭǳ
̴Խûг㣬ʲô鶼ͷڣ
ֵûĸŮѵкô
ӳֻһЦڱ͵ĿޣЩ飬޷Ϊ󣬻빫ˡ
糤ЦҼ˵ģɣܽҲ̫˼𣿡
ʵĿ
ӳ˼Ϊ˰̴Ӧ̫ӵ£
ʲôӳܴӦһЦմһ˿⣺Ҳ޴⡣
常ŮȻҪ˼޵ġѾ޸̫ӵ£ʵڲء
ƽޱȵؿ糤һûгģţ֪ͬ⡣
糤Ц˵
ȴʱסͷʣĸҺӳȻȥˡ
˵꣬ŭĹĸžߡ
糤ڱָıӰŭĸ
ž
һ죬̫һ糤ϣõ»飬ĸΪ̫ûһ㡱ķ緶
ؼȥɣպگ빬ʡ̫
ĸ󣡡
ȥ
糤ȥ
ЩӳǲõģصŲסڴϡҪţþôӦķ籩أ
Ϊ̫ͨѫȻûлһ˵ģ˼ҽӴ̫ݡ
ǼΪȻҲͬ
ƣͨ˼ҼŮһ޶
ӳϣסʱ֣Ҫô𣿡
㲻ã
ôܣӳЦ࣬ϮҸ׵ľλȴЩңĶһ˿øУ
ֻ̫
ֻ¡ӳ̾¡
Ϻòиõˣòиϲˣʱ£ô죿
ģѰźˡʱЦЦ־ûʲô˵ġ
븸˵ãװжʿѺꡣ
ʲôҪģһҪѺģ룡ӳ򴽣䵭ڣ£ѺĶ룬ͷ
ƾϸӵҰģܰͲüȥռȵ
ʱЦˡ
ӳüЦʲô
Ц㡭ʱһѣǰ˵룬ֻһھ͸ҳ⣬ʡ
ŮˣȻƱġ
ӳ̧һ˦ֱϣ˵
˵ǡʱս֣Լϣٲ˵ˡ
ૣ֪ӳֻҡ
ϵ¶ȣֱϸ֣ӳɫ죬ɬƿĿ⡣
ͬ°ʱ̾һ
ϧҹڵֻ̫֣̾ӳջܹ֡
¸ţظԱԺڴſڣȺ̫ӷ򸾵
˳ųƴһ·ڼǰ³
֮󣬱븮С
ӳĿ̴ϣʮֲá
ʱķ̴һһۣҪ׸˭
СС֪ͣ߳ô
ӳüͷֿ룬ʱһ˷ܼè˺ӣ޲øϽץС
ĸŮô㲻
ʵӳܶǵ뷨жòʱȼ޼˵ݵλǶһݵġ
ȫûиõķѡˡ
ˣĸŮ˲
¸淲ң޸ĸӳ²Խȥ
⣬ֻϧûʵʩ
ᣬѴӳʱãºַ衣
ǳסģǫ̫ӵ£ֶŮڼн󣬲̫ 鷳ˡ
ӳã鷳֮˵
ɵ²ӳĸ֡
ʱЦЦӳΪ򸾣ҵĸ֣عǫ顣ȼ飬㽫ӳ֮ãʮָм
һ٣ǿЦֳŶ꣬ӳһŮԵĽ
ӳ̧ͷ常Ķ飬ӳ
ָһ٣ס񣺡壬ӦõģҪ㱨𡣡
ӳЦʱ裺£ǼеС룬ǲǷ
ǶԼõĿںš
ʱһڲ裬Ȼסؿڣɫʹ಻ѣж
ɫʱҰһƬƺˣŭˣһ˵ȣȫ£
ݵǷ񸡿䲢ҪɲǸ˿˵ġ
ֻҪ°֪̫ӵڼ˶ʹ಻͹ˡ
ʲô˵ʲôСϸڣû˻⡣
ͨǣţ
ҼĲˮ⣡
ӳЦһû˵˲㣬ֻ֪̫ӵº㶾Ƚ£̫ҽΪ̫ӵ½ⶾˮ£һ
ô侲ûһš
ȻһĿѣң
˵Ҫ֤ݣӳЦһסʱ£ס̫ҽϾˡ
Ͼ˼ٻס£˳⡣˿̵ļֻмʮ̫ӵµϰپȣһ
յ蹦򣬼£ȫ


 56 


ӻʱ, ʱְװжģ
ӳʵ֮, ץ֮У
̫ץסˡǵ˹ȥץ˵ʱ, ׼, Ǵš
ӳͷ˿
ץס, ͺðˡ
˰, סһЦһҲŹ
Ы, ǣ
ӳü, ûס⣺һһ⣬Ͼ
һ, ΪȨ, Ȣ̴
ǿЦ
ÿ˶˵һûǸʸ
ʱ֣, ȫɢڼ꽭Ľ
ƿ
ӳʱ£ҷȥ, ̫ҽϾˡ 

̫ҽ, ȻʱҪ֤ݡ
գо͹ԡ
̫ӵڼжԲѡ
̫ҲǼ꿤ָ, ̫ӵ涾˼ҩΨмвдҩ
̫ҽֶ֤Ůָϣʵ˼
Ҳûʲô˵ģϾıĴ˭ҳϡ
ǰ϶ʵ۴ŭȦ򸾼Ů
ֻһû˼̳ˣλȻȻȥմȨǲԸȨλģɳ͢ѺΨһĶӣƵòͷ
һ粨յİ֮С
̶̰ʱ䣬飬㴦õĸɸɾ
ʮһ³˴ѩ׷˵档
ѩУӳȥ˼
Ȧڻ ֻмʹӸ͵ȱʳʱͨһĶҪԼ֡
ûǰԽǷ·һҹ֮ȥ
ӳȻŵģŻİ׺ã׵ɫ󣬼ѩΪһ塣
̴޺޵ض
ǰڼʱҲĺãֹһǰӳûôڴ￴ɪɪ
ȴ˷ǡ
ķӳôͱˣ
ӳֻԼеļҲĸ׵ļױҽȥգ
ҴδȻܹϻ̫ӡ
ΪһӳɡͶԼгޣ꿤뾩ܼ޸λ﹫ӣк³
ȴû뵽֮У߳һ·
ӳЦЦаϣ岻ؾţҲ侮ʯģһëѣֶŮ岻ã
塭˶٣̲סǰԺһ㣬Ҳ³
Ц̫ġ
ӳһۣתȥ
ʱ
Ųȼᶨ
£ʱĲ⣬ȫԺ
ʱס֣һЦ˵ˣ
š
ǻȥɡ
Сڣ򿪰һĴëѣڼͬʱɴۡ
̴ſڱСģҪҡ
Ǽж硭
ǵ
ΨмһԲԼӶŮۡ
ɱʿ䵽˾أӳǲϷŹǡ
ҲԣȥûеŹԼһҡ
ԹӦԹˡ
س̵ϣӳʱϣ괺ůʱؼһˡ
ؼꣿ
Ҹĸﰡô걻ûȥݹǡҪǣҺúõġ
ʱдãȥ
лҪ˵ȸ˵Բ𣬶ϸôá
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