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ûɡ߲ˣܲȥҪʪһǲס
߶ˡ󷽵úܣ̫ǿŻزȥɴϯض
زǳʿ˿нµľԶһطǱֻµģþͻᰲȻ֮
زüۣΪ̬һ˺ӣ㿴Щˣʲôˡ
زع԰زҪ˵ģҪ¡
زĲ˵ˣҪˬ࣬͸ؿζЩġ
ųµļѼز뵽ָҲ͹˲ԼѾٵĶ
˲ʱţ껹ţкüѾãм˵ĺӣŵζܵزǰȴҿڡ
زó׼㣬ָһһ飬֮⡣
ؿÿزźЦòã΢΢һ١
زѵķ˺ע⵽һߣ̧ѰȥĿš
˱׽ŵ͵˻ΣȻǸϽıܹȥװԼû
ȴûбܣǳزһЦףزʲôʧ¡
زûüǲʧ񣬶ǱһЦЦ¼۾Ӱ죬زһԵһ£żתͷôˣ
㣬Ըһ𣿡ǰվŵһСŮĴ۾زϣزԸ
ĺҪͬյز°лСŮһŵСŮ
㡣زһϲ³ϲ˳ķһҸӡ
Ů˸˵صлȥСȥˣ
ͯĻЦٴο˹ȥزȴοδ˺ͯһƿĿ⣬ŲµˮƺƬΪһ塣
ͻȻͷزЩֻ֣︡һ˵ĸо˲ҳɰɡ
Ӧòģæպ÷ΪһТӣȻʱ˶ϲӣң𻯶ɣȴҲǡ
˿ϵĸ㣬زȡһӣһ÷˹ȥ¹꣬һ÷һ㣬ϸƷ
ڹزĻһתͷٿ÷򴽡
زûע⵽ֻǵµĲĸ㣬ɾһ
ʳǰ֮Ƶɫܺÿò׼ǲʳ
֪ԼɡزŲһʼ͸˴𰸣ĵ·Ҫһʼ˸֣Լ꾭ĵĽ֣ţ
붯û뵽ز˵ѧĻָŵеĸͬݸ㣬벻ҲԼԼԹҵ𰸡
ȻҲزƤգ۾ʾ˵û
໹ǼõģȻԥȴȡһҧһڣزѵص÷ԡ
ھͷζزĻ÷Ҫһڣһ壡
ն÷زӭ˳ȥһ÷ز
лҪ˵᲻ᱻ᲻ᱻ

009

ͬû뵽ԼȻʧ£ÿزǰȴֺˡ
زĬĬóӰϵ÷ɾһлð壬һ˶㵽ƷŮɵգȻҡ
Ǹ㡣ΪһԻһ۾ͿʳֱӰɡˣȥ˵һ飬ζѣҪزһ䣬ע⵽زĶ֭ʵŮôˣ
ͣ꣬ƾˡز뵽ԼôãȻܴ֭һã
ǸΣδʧˣزһҾ
زɾطϣֻˡֶֻ곤ȴء
˵ѾܺֹǲأȫһѵɣҲ̫˵㡣
׷ʲô£ջһĨֵĿ⣬ٿŵʱʲôġ
ʧˣŮֻŮɣҼܵһ÷ŮܷҲһݣԻǳԻʱʱ̼̿ŵĶǳԡ
ŮԸһݣκ£ƴǡٽرԼһϽģΪһ÷
زֺƤΣĻһԻΪ˳Եʲô
Ȼͷһ롣
һԣزΪóʳµ飬ײԻǶһģҸţһ飬û׼ʲôʱϡ
׷ӵǽһ˳ڣԼ徹ȻһԶʳˣֻѰǰСӡ
ԼС뻹ǰСӸ󷽡
÷ȴ֮ϲ̫Ҹ̫Ҹˣ
۾زѾ˳¶һǰʱҪлȥӹȴʣ޼÷ûŪ׷ʲôǰѾ˹زװһݡ
лŮлز÷һŷӦҪѿڶȴһֿǷݣ
ǺСһ𳤴ģʲô˼ôܻ᲻֪ϽĶûٵ÷һ
˵ﻰ᲻룡˵ֱѪΪز÷ж٣ǷֲŶ١
СڲϵؿϵؿԼҵ̫ݣȴ˵
ǲأزϵ֭ģز󷽲ƽϣܸһ÷˭ȴԼ·ˣɶǳһЩζȻôһ㣬ʤޡ
ز仯뵽ոһĶν׼ˡ
û뵽û뵽һ˻ǲ֪ʲôʱǰ˱Щѣزڣûйı顣
÷࣬ҾͲλˣλãϻСزЦ̵࣬Ҫ÷زһ˵
ѹѹ̫ѹˣòһ÷ԼˣһڣֻԵһڣ̫ѣ
оһɺƣģ
زЦ÷Ĳٸʱͷֲˣ
÷ٳģĵζ䣬ɾԣܵ˵ȻȷʵЦǿסزΪһԻеóԣҳԵζһһɨ衣
ģҪѹˣû뵽زȻһ£治Ӱ
Ͻȥٳһڣɴ۾ҳһֻһȴзζڣȴǴỹиζ
ǰ治ǳԻζ˵÷ֺز϶ǰ˳ԳζǾζ
ô£ȻԣȴеĵѰزʸ
÷Ըıζ٣һڸмһȴǲط˵زĶȷʵ˵ʱΪһŮҪǶ̫࣬Ⱥܶ˶Ҫö࣬һ¡
һطϸ֮̽⣬Ǹ̾ص÷һһãϸζڴ˹꣬Ϊ˼¡
ԼΪʳһ÷ȫˣԵһЩֻһڵô
ԹؿƳγǴſߣĳǲһҪˣҪΪ͸һڸ㣬һ÷꣡
ɾǰѰˣǲӦûȥˣز˦ϵɡеóԣǰ벻ɡزһ䡣
ԻĳʳҪڵǻȥܲ£
壬ˡȷʵѰ˵ģԼôòֶ֪ӲѰǵõԼҵ屻˳߰ɣ
ô˵ʲôط̫ԣȴް־ɫصȥɣĪƹõȡ
ƹƹƼһɫ͵˶ƹһزֲ嵽ָһƹϾԼ׵ƹ֮һ󲮸ǣȫƹزˣһѵƹһĿΪ㡣
лŮɿкֶˣллزز͡
ͬһҾǰʣµĸȫߣӷźõ̬ȣزĬĬΪһޣװף뵽ȻǳԻ
زɫްֲãͣӴǿزΪԼӵٴδôһǳϼѵĶȥ
壬͸游һᣬȢƼҵСӰɡ£ҲûסؼߥһƳȥûĪһš
ǣѵϲ÷𣿼ϲһδ飬һŮδޣȢؼʲôõģôزΪһʺϵѡ
һ䣬ӭһˣֶϽĵˣҪѰ㣬ƹҪɽµһѰֶˡ
磬ʲű꣬λˡس˵лһȺӭŵĺǻֵѰʱҲ˵Ϊ̫ûдɡĶˡ
ǳǳһЦֶɡһ˵ҲһֱеԶˣǣѰ׼ϻȥߣƹƽҲƹ̵
ڲĶܵ꣬Ȼ˵زأǶֶ˵Ļ˵Եزʢǣȴʢ黵Ůɵ
ߣ껹ţȻһϵ½δûմʪȴΪȻ
һ·Ҳ˵ŻĶɽţƼҵѧ鴫ǵҲأܶƼҼλĽ̵ǳ
һ̸۵Ҳ˵ǻصƲԺʱҲ
ϵѶʪ˲٣и壬ЩȥȥƲλˣǿǽʱȴ¶οЦݣֶŮǸµˣҪΪѰһ˼ң
ĿӹڳĲӣŽǾůȴܵһɺϮ
Ͻȼڣǧ


010࿴

زڳ¼ˣѲɫˣȥһȺɾزŲɫ˵໽š
ټʳöϵˣҪҲݣǲرƲ͹ȥͶиˣȻܳزա
ûһƲȴ˹ز뵱ǰƲ˵ĻƲûûزֻز
֮£ƺزӵôң˵ֲ˺ãǱ𸵹벻ãزҪЩļǹİɡ
ʵƲһȦǵˣ°ɣǵزԼһۣҪزԼҲòҲҪ¶¡
ǰỹزпеһҪǺزе˲һǾ˵ҪûǰҲ˵ز֪
ƲǸزǹĵĳİΪزز˵ʢȴȥҲȥ
ڴʲôͷи㰡ƲǵزĸüãŸͽȥ
ҵɾʵʲô˼ƲزҪδ׵ˣģػؼƺֱܵ˼ҵǰײ֪Ҫ١
زôƲӲǱ¶ôˣزȻɬȴܲԸ̧ͷϸؿڳˡ
Ʋһزǽһŭ䲻ģһѸϸززƲ÷ʳθ
ĿбӣƲжٵĴ㣬ǲϣ
Ʋɵۣز˵껰Ҫ˳ȥƲһزǲԸʽˡ
ȥȡӵĵ¾ע͹ۿزεֻ¶¶ߣƲôˣԸһزȥȡ顣
زһӾûʡĵģ
ܲزֻȥǼȡƲҪӵĵ¾
õһעͣ˭һƲһ߳һزֵɽĲ
ز뿴ˣȥܲһĿˣ
Ҫһǰݷò˶Ϊѧܿעͣ˭᲻볤ʶ
ɾȥƲһԸزͬʱҲ˵оʲô飬˵е龡ɽһ
زڵλɾǰȥƲĻȻ޿ǽͷһڳɾɰ
úõǲһôթ
лŮɡҪ¾ɾǸʮˣزлزôڣʱϻǹЦݣȻ˵Ʋ󣬡
鷿ĲЩɾѧ֮ˣҲؾҪʲôΪȡƲһԶ£ѧߵ˼ѧǰ˼Щ߰ϣǰѽزһ֪ñӵĿܶˡ
ǿûƲˣѧ֮Ĳ٣㿪ʼ˵ƲУעǺεȵңҪ׽סᡣ
֪עͣڿѯʣƲһۿززҲ˵еģԺ򡣡
鷿߽ûһȡעǰ͵ͬһл
֮עͣŮɡһˣҲ˵Ҫ飬ϣزȡ
ز˿Сۻ鷿ȡٶȼ졣
ΪƲԼҵֶŮδز֪ĲںΡ
زһһصĶ̫죬ǿɶǸմ鷿߳ˣ涼ʲôˣȴȫһ鰡Ǽ֪ģزôؽȡɼƲ飿
뵽ɽʱز˵𸵹Եһ⣬һǿˡ
زô˵ųĸΣƼҽҴ壬˼ҽ̳ˣŮ಻һ˿ɱȡ
ǰֻЦƺӦ£زĸţҿز鲢ᣬһĸϻδм٣Ǿز˵ģΪ˻ż˱˵ǳΪĸϻˣ±һ˶µĶҲδزɡ
ٴʱͬʹ࣬Ըһȥѵá
һǿƣֻʱˣʱ񣬸ǿʱ͵ǿƣ۸򲻻ڵˣͺã
ӵ˵زܿȡ͵ڼ䲻ֲͷ˿ɼѡ
СصƹŮ֣ƼҵżҪ̤ˡ
Լҵ鼫õСȢؼңôҪȢؼңܿƲ⣬֪ܲ
θɣָ֮޷ǳ׵ˣٹЩһ¡
װɵô죬ôһźóյˣҪˣ϶˵Ȣȥ
飬û
زڰȫ͵Ľʮλɾ¡
°°ɡ뿴ôҲһˣƲ⣬ڴʱزһһ̬ȡƲã˵ǰȻҪţô˿˼
ƲϹЦݣڷŹزˣֻزȥʱƺһۡ
ƲԺӣز˵ʰҪɽɲһƲ˺ֱӵǰ׿һ
һӶôż޲ȥӣزѹġ
˵ҲŬѰһҲҰ
Ϊ˱ƻ飬ʱڣزⲻš
زܵÿ죬ƲѰʱͲˣ뵽ŮǺߵģ˼Ҹزôġ
زȴؼﲻţ֪Ϊ˶ٲƼҵֲûû׵ƺӽĵõĵλҪԸֵ
زѸ˶ΪزĻ뵽Լ
һҪͷأҪȨûʲôǲһλ޹Ůȥֶ̫ˡ
ΪܾƺĻ¶Ӯúȴһҹ֮ת˷
ϲһ£Ҫǰˣ˺ǲƵĴȥ㲻ηǿƣзǵĿȻڡ
ƫƫҪֵ÷зƼҵŮûл·
һ޹ˣƺ⻹õ˶ôλ˭ЯǲһԼһƺ⡣
˰ҪǲϵڿЦҪǳԼ˼һӦǰ˾ǧ֮⡣
һʱ丵˹ƺ֪ʧ¶֪֮Ҳܳˣǽһܻزʾ
زɵòЩŵ岮ţҲôϼݺǰȥлǵø֪ͼƼҵΪ˴֮
ãͣǼٺóԵġƺǶµˣҪ׼׵ţǶزء
ȻҪͰɣزҲȥ׼ȴû뵽İ·ƹ


011ܰұ

ʲôˡزڻǰһӰȳǶ죬Ŭ̧뿴ǰ治ԶˣƤȴԽԽأԽԽأûп塣
磡ӭһˮʲôоز̾ѣͬʱҲԼ˭ˣ
һλƺǰڻظ˵ֱӰ˼ҵ;ˣֶκݵ÷ǵһ㡣
ˡλλ̫ݵزǰ֣
ɾ׽ɱһвҵŪ֪Լ˭˵زȻˮϵѶʪˣȴҡ
ɱ㻹вƺǸ¹٣Ŀ뵽Լõǰȴ˻ˣٵһɶеԹڡ
زѵɱҪġввҸʲôǾܴõʲô
ǵطøǧҪһʱżԼ
ƺҲɹٺˡҵ;ҲҪģһһܹƽ°֮ǰõģҪҲƸ棬͵زš
زСʱ׼ʳģƽմֻ֣׳һһز練ơ
ǣɾΪҪǻ㣬᲻Ӧ¡ңҵʱ˿ˣĶزиϣãܼˣûпǰɫ
Ǳ˷ֲ٣ҲһˣҲõùز
ǣҲ֪ʲôطӴزŸһ˵˻ûˡ
ɾز뿴嵽ǲҲ׽ʱλˡ
ãһʲôȷģû뵽û뵽һǡ
һزֻԸһƺˣԼЩķͷܳ;ˣܵɣ
زΪԼģû뵽ԼҲ˸˵Ļͷ̫ʧǼ˰ɣԸҪԶ֣ҲΪйͷ֮ޡ
̾ɾαˡ
ýνһܻ̾صβ˵ġ
գҰƼҵ´꣬һ·ġźݻͷҲص߳ȥɾʣ
ѯʵŮ£
УеʹƹʹŹ֣˼ǺţǵģŮɲصġ
أȰزصģһ죬ֵİȻͿزߵǰ
زŶ˵ӵģû뵽Ȼϵһ졣
оԼʲô´½زӣǶ
ɾҪվŲ𣿡ǵͬһزˣɵڶûзӦӣðɣزĵһ䡣
ֻעزŵĶͷһԼã⿪ˡ
Ůɵģתͷʱ򿴵ոհزλûжϵǶ
ǵöܰϳ˼أ˲˲
زģҪôó
Ƽҵ˵Ƕ֪Ĵˣǵһˡ
ɾܰұ𣿡زΪ黹Ӧǰ˰ܵĺãǾȵС飬ҪǱ֪Ǹ޲ȥ˰ɣ
ûаԥشӦá
ô˵ز°ϲһͷ֣һȴҲˡ
ˣʲôҪ洫лæصߡ
Ӷˣزز¶ı£ΪһһŮÿӣû￴š
ӿڵߣҪӲȥδز̶ɱˡ
زͷ컹ţʱû˷ܾ͸Ͻܡ
ߵһԵĴǰǰģز뻹ں棬ƿһŴ˿ûˣزȥ
ջǸһȥеΪһɾǰ棬ز
ֻزųſڣѲߵͻȻлصʲôˡ
زܻӦ𣿸Ͻֱܰ׽زܣڸ´Ļ˲࣬ٺ׷٣ǰû˶š
Ȼͦģһܳǵ۵ĵط׷ŵ˵һֱ׷š
ѡ˴լӣ˴ǸۣƽȻҲȴǲ࣬˵زˣżس׷ߵ˵ô£ⶼô£
ɾ֪ǵѲ߿ǴӴܳȥˡ˻ش𣬸һ⣬˰úúõģǰһߺž˰˷ˣ
׷׽ˡڲǲ˭Ƿ˵ʱҪǰ׽
ǰܣͷزϵģزȴϵشߴܣҪ׷ˡ
ܰܰɣ˵
˵淽ؾܣزҲ˲ϣֻ׷ȫ˦ˣ
ʲôԾû˲٣Ķأ
ϢţҲû׷ţһز˦ˣЪһɡ
زȻǻͷ棬ûˣû׷Ǻ£
ЪЪزɿѰһʯͷ¡
ɾȣȴɾһǸز˵ԵɺϣСûн֮£ҲѰ鷳Ů޹ء
Ϊ˻ŹԼڹи˵Ļɿһ㵥Ҳͬİ취Ըģǡϣֻһ˰ɡ
ɾ˵°ţǼҵʲôʱѰزûнܹͷϰһؼһ£ʲôʱѰǣ
֪Ƿ˷Ǳ׽ܷ񿴵µļǺš
ԣν˻ǣʵδ֪֮
زѯʵؿ˵ͷز
ðɣ̫ˣûȱӳˣȥҲʲô£ºʲôԾ
˴ɾ𣿡زпտµĻˣȫľǺһСܽˣҸо컹ȴҪ·ˣ
·ģǲϵߵ·أ
ز͵ĻشȴǾסˣ
ɾΪܣزʣҲÿ·ɣ
˳֡˵ЩΣز
ˣܵʱܲĶܲҪֻҪӳĶܣǶѰؼҵ·
زֵҲû£ӳѰɽ·ؼҾǡ
˵ŵվʼѰ·Ӧһزߣ
ãЪһˣ컹ûڣûؼһЩؼңزһۣ˼ոܵͦģѰֵ·Ѱɡ
ƺز˼Ѱ·ֻԽԽԾǺǳ֣ˣ
ɾǵʱߵһ𣿡زԵʱ
ǵá˰ش𣬺ֺι
лҪ˵ز¶ˣ
ȻԺʱҵôꡣȻҪ˰

012㲻ʶ·

ΪĺʱоܵĶҲ̫ˣ
ôúܰزоղһһΣյϢҪȫû
ˡزܸоͬҲˣزˡ
Ķزھʣǲһֱ·ԽԽԾҪˣҪĶȥ
ٴγŮʶ·𣿡
㲻ʶ·زǲ׽˼ͻȻ뵽ɽϵѧ£ʱô˵ţ
·ˣ·˰زΪһ⣬Ŀ⣬ǱȻ
زһ󰧺û뵽û뵽һӣȻǸ·գ·հ
ֻǱ治巽򡣡زźţȴԸԼһϲ·ˣĽͣҲزȷˣ
زǰ˸һմ̻һӱһˡ
ûϵˣزҲԹ˵ܵʱҶΪˣӵã֮һ˭Ҳģ߳ȥ
ûϵֻعͷززȴǿʼԽԽˣȥ֪ʲô顣
ܾʲôط̫ԣزҶɾߣ
һֱǰ棬ȴҪززһ·ԽԽﻹʲô뷨ֻøزˣǲע⵽վĴһţҪߵÿ죬ǡ
زŷߣ߰ߵģҲԽԽˣزȻ͵סµеΡ
ɾ治÷ҽ̽ô߲ʧ򣿡زΪˣϲ·治巽Ǽʹ¡
һײ¶֮ɫǿزǲǿЦ̬ȣڵͷɱ棬Ȼïʢ治ˣ
زûϵܶ˶֮ʵҲܺñģ㿴ЩǲһҶرïʢ
Ҷʲôȷʵɴ۾˹ȥƺʲôطһ
ϵĵطҶӳþͻرïʢ֮ҶӾͺٵöࡣɴ˾ͿԱˡزõĻϱѧ֪ʶʱ˵û˶ֻδػܽóҴˣ
û뵽زᶮЩͬҲ˿Ǽˡ
أľҶ䣬ǾͲñˣ
Ǻҹأһ⣬Ϻҹʱô죿
Ϊһ·գճΪ治巽·Щ⡣
ز˵ָأֲȷʱûָⶫǱ졣
ǺҹĻϵҲԱִܣϣȳȥ֮ٽ㡣Ҷ֣֮߳ô˵زģǿͻȻʲô̫Եĵط
ϺʲôһزŵýܾҪܣ뵽ҲһҪܵĻҪһܲа˲ܡ
ţͻȻزһҽУز׽סܣûӦæʵôˣ
ߣ߰ôߣϽܰزԼĸһҲ֪ãסز֣Ҫ֣ܳȥȵ˾Ͳˣ
ҲǾһ亹ֶ˵
ıͱȥﲢޱӦԶ¡
زһ亹ָ·ܣ˵ǵʶô˻ܳŵס
ۿֺԽԽɣӣҪܳˣ
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һθһ϶ϲƺ϶ؿڣز޿ɷúÿˣ˭ûøУ
ƺƷѣּвŻ֮ţϲô󲮳棬Ҳôٳɣ
սȭͷƺ͸һڱصãŮŮ˵һزûȴҲѰһλɾ»Ǳɺˣãã
زһ˷ܵƺ⣬ﻹаֵװģ
ĳλȷʵװ˾̫ˣزҪ
زܹﲢ֣ǲ룬Ҳֲ֪á
ֻ֣ǵһֶǻȻؼҰɡһʱزʱֻؼϢϢ̫ˣҲ̫ˣ
ɽżص壬¶˰ɣ
һƳͷȴġ
ʲô壬ŻѼ飬øῴƼŮɾ䲻㡣ˣһС˰ˣһʱҲôȷʵͷµİţһ·Ѱˣֻһֱû
ǵȵͷų֣زദǰû飬ܻ֮顣
ָ㰡㣬ϲƫ档
Ϊ壬˭һֱŮ⣬ȴһֱ˵ơҪһᡣ
ߣһߣΪȻԼҵͰ£ѣܿͻõģ
壬ҵ˵ڵ֮ڣ˭ģȻѰˣȻ֪زʲô£
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һۺΪ뿴ϷֶӰҪһЩѵɡ
ȴһ۵£˵ص壬ҪȢŮɣǾͳҵСˣСĳպãĸҲпڸţҪȢһҪȢġ
뵽ã˯ŶЦţȴͻȻһ߹ȥֱӽ


017»

һվޱȣزһֱΪԼ岻ģû뵽صҵڶȴһ˺üղգƺŵòᣬƺ⼱ý˵ҪҸˡ
ز˵ƺҵֻ֪ǸҲʧ;;ʧ˸Ҫһŭ֮вںò׻ɸΪ񲯣ǧ
żĵĸزĻؿز㶼˺üˡ
ֻǷ纮ѣ̫ûˣһҲǺõģǧȥҸҵ鷳νԩ׽᲻׽⣬ƼȻ¸ңȴһ˾һ
زĵȰţϣƺΪʲô
ƺ⿴زɫ࣬Ҳˣ˼ȥջǵķϣаɣĹһء
һˣĲˣһȥ̤ࡣƺοززĲܿã֮Ǿȥ̤࣬ʱڣ̤ã
ɽŵһζˣĺʱڳȥһ⡣ز˵øĶһã
ƺЦ춼ϲ£Ȼز˵ãøһȥһء
̫ûˣزһ˰²źã֮һȦȴҲԵ˸٬࣬ˮˣ
ƺרһؽزز£ҲƻˣԳ̤ͻز˵úܡ
׼һЩʳܿʰ׵ƺһţֻû뵽ŵʱزڽƺ˴к
زţղ㳣Ұɣ
Ȼ̽ͷȥǲǣȴסˣ洫زϤƹ
ã²ÿˣزٷְٵȷһ뵽ֱǰ˵յŰݷõģ˵ûͻȻĳ֣ѵǸƺԼõģ
־ò̫ܣԼõģԼãôһֱûţ
԰һֱţԴģҵûҲ֪
ˣϲŵôڵֻǳ̤ϰˣеĳպһ̤౾ʲôСֵ£һĵطһ˶ȥ
ˣͳǡز˼תỽţǰУزſϣĿ
ûһˣƺÿʱ򶼻ز̤ģǰһɣԴѧһеѶˣ
زŮͷѣȴŮɣһŮ顣
ȥֻһλµŮӣķˣزǵҵķģ֣ʱŮǲ֪֣ҳϰɡ
ز֮״кҲزһЦСƼҵŮò˳ڡ
ǵģزòȫǸСˣȻԲ۾ݣЦԿס
ɲǣҪȻСػشĿֱǽѬøȥ
ڿڶЦزɾãϤŮɴС³ͻľºãְǶġ
زҲûʲôĳǺóԺĵط֪٣Ƿʲôңһ߷˵Ķȥ
ǸáΪ֮زЦӭ˶Ȼûа˾ǧ֮ĵ
زز˰ѶóͻܲơƺǶһ޼˵Żĸ絡
νͻƸΪԺóԵģزŵʱĶ٣ͦģְ
ӦòǸԼõİɣԼõģôƺⲻԸ׼һЩ
زӦ£ŮǶϽѶ׼¸ɴģѰһطһĲһӦʳϡ
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׼ˡزЩ¶ϰߣһȫ׵ϱֵģȴûвֵĻᡣ
ز۸һЩǸµˣ洫˵ʲôĸ̵ء
ͻƷƣƻԼġƺԵЩһԵ˵
֮˵ƹϺþƺζȴһֱû᳢ˣһó
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ôóԵģǸ׼ģǿһصʳˣȡһĵԣڼǸ̾ʲôģζ
زϵӣЦõصţģȻЩ鷳ζѣ鷳Ҳֵ
ȡһɫĸڣز̧ͷƬƬһ£һЦˣ棬׷ף
֪һʱ˵Ҳһ羰
һȾ죬˵ĶǹҴ£һزһߣṳֻ̂ţز̤˰ˣòɢģȫŲ˵غ
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ŮɡһҾزǷݵ֪ôľˡ
գǏƹһ̤ġֱӣھ˵ƺ̤࣬زһ٣ΪΣ
־ԼӦʣȴһЦԣԷԷθ
ûͷûβһ䣬زһ٣׹˼ʼЩ͵ؿڵ£¡
˰Ҳû˵ĽŮɣȢŮΪޡ
˵زһҾزȫסˣʣȢȢΪʲôȢ
ΪΪ
סʲôŵ𣿻˵ǣǶŮ˵Բǣ
˵ΪʲôȢ
ΪΣˣزʳ֡
֮زز仪˼ҡЦŻشزˣ˵ʺΪޡ
ȢŮΪޣһٻΨԸӳ˵ִ֣֮Яϡ
һʺϲزͷǾӳ˵ִ֣֮ЯϣزѾӦ¡
ײͬ˵Ӧͬҵ˵ġز
ѰƹƹԣȢŮɣŮͬ⡣ȻܵŮΪޣʧһء
ز֪϶ƺĹ
ţزΪ᲻֪ƺʵǹΪ֮
ǳЦҲŮһ棬׿ڴŮɵĿһ䣬ŮԸޏ
˵Ż˫ǳĿ⿴ززֻһ뷨ʲôʺˣȻܵΣ
лҪ˵زˣ
һˣӦӦӦ

018

ŵİزȻӦʣҾҲӦΣ
Ҳûһ죬һŮ˵ϣԼ޸ʱ򣬻һŮ˵ԼӦڴĻ
һѵŮɣһЦŮΪӦȢʲôŮɣ
֪زôܻ֪
ϵЦⲻ֪ҪΣֻҪ֮ʱܹ벻˼ɡ
Ҫ˵زոջ̫ȷʱȴˣǿƷ
ҪǿƷܿȻزóϣǿģ
ȢңȻ;ٲ٣ұܻʵ֪жЦ㡣زΪҪףЩҲ˵ܲס
ӲηԡŮɲηϲ֮ԼһˣزӲں˵Ŀᣬһ㡣
ĸţ׶ӣ׵ףҵöտǡزĲµľƺɣһʱǲܷ¶ǵĹġ
Ůһͬտһ˿ԥûеػش
زҵ鲢ãҲСá
΢΢һ٣һزȻز֮ģδ׵ǰԼ¶һС۵ĻֱԣЦˡ
ΪЧӷڼУһԡݲµڶˣֻҪһӱ㹻ˣ
ز֮ǵЦⲻֵ
˵Ѿ֣СָŶǵСʱŮ㣬ǺˣҲûм
ڡزߴٵ˵£
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һϵеĶˣزɿ֣Ц绨Ҳܲ¶ȣʧ
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زͷǣͬˡˣ
ͬûʲôҳϵģزˬʵӦ£ٴչֳһĨЦݣã
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۾ĿزҪѵǺܿпڸˣ
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ԼҵĲ͸׶мӣ˵زо֮ǺǼдˣֵǽزһǻزģ
˵컨׹ɻǼԼһۡ
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019·Ĵϵƺ

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020ϲ

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ĸȷʵϲ÷Ȼ治ɫظززȴ´˵滹Ǽ١
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زһţزûסʵȥ羰
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󺺵Ĺٲز̾ԣزĵݣû˵ֻز´ңҵȾΪǣ
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زͷü£
һ֪ΪΪ֮ԸͬУûиزĻֻʳ֪Ĵ𰸡
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û뵽زһȴ飬ôġ
һıزˣģֻȥͺáһߵͷ޻޺
ز֧֣ϵЦҼĻˡҵ룬أ                        
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ûʲôԶ, ֻ΢Ը.Ҫﵽ̸ס
زԶԶ, ȴԸ
ܺãȻΪزжôԶ, ȴã
زعͷ, ͬ, Ŀഥ, ؿԷеı˴ˣԭڱ˴˵ģ, ã
÷ժ£һ˴һ÷ؼ, ɼĺܺãĸ˿ʱʵ͵ǰ㻶ϲƼҵŮɣ
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ĸ, Ůо֮ദһңǺ˶ԸȢΪޣܼ޸ˣε, Լҵĸ񷨡
˰ˡ˵˻ǼõģҸҼ˼ȥӦҪز˵ûڣӻĸʲôѣƼŮ˵Ҫѧգ͸ǰǣ
һƳԼֶżŵľٶҪô˵ܱܲ£
ע⵽񣬻ᵱһ²Ź֡
ǵز˵ժ÷ȥҪƣ÷ҪЩʱգʱزǰ÷Ҳˣټز³νһãֶΪ
ĳϼѣ˲գĶֶ˵޲ڣǺ档
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زǼԺΪزһа취ʳ⡣
Ǿѡӣ¸ӡزĳѣҲ޲ڵӣɼʮСġ
ԼƤӵĺʲôӣ˿ţǸóԵ˹⻮һóԵĶѵã
زڼҼҪæ÷æױˣæòɿ
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ϵ͵ʱزɵĸء
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Ҫ˵زЩĵģƺԣزްֵη塣
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زһֱı֣Ҫǰģڼﶼ˵ǵʲô˲˵
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ϴزȥ˵ʱŲٵˣزǶʶڻһϡ
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󷽣ЦȻһۿкøеģ˳ʮزġ
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һʼԼҶϱĻҲزȷʵÿԼҵĶǲǿزòزֱָǿˡ
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˵ǣѵҸ˳
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˵ǲָ˲
ز֮ЦҸϲڳ£˽ؿڸʳ̸ιƽ£ֺ念ΪЧ
¾ǳˣԲ̸ιƽ£زĻԼ˶΢٣ЦŮ˵üǣɾҲ˵ʳɣ֮Ϊʳ
ֻгԱø࣬˼˵ʵҶףزιƽµĻ˵ģһݣ
ƼҵŮǱȴ˿ࡣǴ⴫ģһزµŮɻòڣ֮ˣزһȴ룬λǺˣ
ûãȴջһĨʺ޵Ŀ⣬زδˣʱˣ
лҪ˵6666ϼˣһְ֧

026˽

Ůɿزһ, 㻺һԵǰ˸, ˰ã
˿Ůȴϲɫֻ䵭Ӧһ, һԵɩŮЦˣ
Ŷ, ԭ⻹ݹϵ, а, ݵЩµ, ǰͬ飬أ
뵽Ůеļɺޣزȥ뵽һ, йأ
ɩʱɫǲã˵ɩɫŲá
, ҷ˺ɩɫز֪ʱֵŮǸ, Ȼطϡ
ĸףң˳ƼŮ, ϾĲòȴƼŮɣ˶ƼŮǺģ, Ȼܵס
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ټƼŮɳ߶Ϊĸţ·, ʧ棬ʶڼˣ߲ƵˣȻҵֱָزҼˣҵŮˣλɫá
Ⱦ˽̵ŮֱԲ䣿Ϊȴزָܲҵ˳ӡ
ĸȻţĸȴʱ̵ңΪͣΪ͵ıݣ˼Ҳ˵òҪڡز껹ŮɻشֻԹԵ˵ڼܵĽ̵
˵˸ŮʣزԽ˶֮ʧ֮֡
زӻʱʮ⣬ģȴ۸ͺãĽҪǰ̣ǼﻹæӦԣϾزĸţ£زΣǺܵĵġ
ң¤ϣɩû취زԼҵĲĸʱ
ǣزﲻҳԼҴĸĳģҲȷʵСɲĸ̵Ҫµӣ鷳ƲĸƲĸزһصģ
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˵ﻹӭŮ˵ɲڼˣǡǡ෴ǲϲ˰ˡ
ҵŮɣýʣֻϲ£ȴ˵ֱ׳ŮȻزһأʹ˷ٽزΪϲ̨ı֡
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ҲǰͬҪ˵زĸһ㣬¿ȴأһиףеܵܵˣ޸Ҳ½ϡ
ĸ׵εľǽĶϱܹ½ԼҵĶӷϣ֮Ϊأܼˣ˻ʲô
㡭û뵽ΪزɣһСİԼˣ
ŮĿⲻƵؿززȴЦŸˣǲ⣬ҳزգ
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˵زҶµĶϱȻһĿˣ˵ΪԼĿҪǲܣ˵˵ҵĲǣ
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еġ˵زйչ˺زģϱϲزΪˣҵļɻ䣬һһʮز˵
Ů棬˵ļģһûһԵСѵ壬Ҫǽȥ
˵ʲôʧ񲻼٣ĻȴǺȳһ䣬һĸϲǺã
ǰ̫࣬ȴΪȻصĸ׻ϲġ
ǿ϶úܣ壬һ䣬ʲŷҵıˣԺȥǽΪأȷ㲻ȥһأ
ѣǺĵѣ
һ٣Ժô֪ô
壬ʱ
лҪ˵ûֶͷʹ
壬ҶΪ㣬Ϊ㣡л2020-02-04 21:56:41~2020-02-05 20:50:59ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лӪҺСʹ 3ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

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֮ȴһƳһ첻, һ첻ģ
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ҲҪֻ֪Ҫһ㼴ɡĻ, ɫصǶΪҺã
һ٣ʲôΪõģ
ЦһΪ, ȴҡͷ壬㲻, ȥδҲʧͲܷſһЩ
ǻδסĻشˣƺǰ, ţܺ졣
ĳ˵찡ֹ̰ܲס˵һģ
ЦЦصˣҾͷˡؽǳףҲ޶˵˵ãĶҲζ
䲻ԣǶ˾ȥĶ
ǲܡٶҲţָյģ˵³ܳԵĶȻõһȣһȡΪʲôڼңΪزز˾ζкóԵģ˴ߣ
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ڳˡɾˣС˵ſˮһеóԣǽһ˰úúãҪеóԣҪûóôˣ
һٺóԵˣڵȵˣ
С͵ɩұö˵ʲôŮ˵ʲô
ֻȻزӦԵǼΪѵˡ
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Լҿķǵ壬ϰߣǱҪ׽סԼһأûÿζһ仰˵ɡ
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˵ԼҵƽϣĻԸȥС̻ɫ˵
ӵıһ˵ŮֻȥǸԼ˵ˣŮȴǸΪأΪأĸţæտ׵ܵܣûгӦ꣬ҲдҲԸס
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Լҵˣ˭֪˭ӣ
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еһԼ㿴ҪҪϴ
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վסڸ̾źһȴ˺վסŵˣֻǰʧ˵λɩıá
Ůкιɣ˼ҵĵļ·˼ҳ棬زȻ֪ǰǳģȴἱڳ˵Щ˵Ļ
ҽϷˣסˡŮɳزԱز
һɾǰɾһȵġĳ˴ʴʣز
Ůɶ˵ģزŻûӦȴüͷǲá
ϷȴɾˣҵңԸðջᡣĳǰɴ£Ҫһѵ޸ɾΣ˵ֵĶ˶ϧֻڳЩΪ飬ңһõɾĵġ
زΪԼЩĴ͹ҵˣû뵽ֻиԾģûԾġ
ǰŮɣһȴû޸
ŮɵĸĸԱȽ̷Ůӣ̷ŮƺҪǮģҪǮ𣿡                        
лҪ˵ز˵㴺һ
ززģ֤û֣

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, ҡϷͬزʵôס, عֱָز
Ů, ˱֮زɫԴ
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Ϸָز㣬ǽѵң
ҽѵ𣿡زͷϣЦѵ, ޳档ߣ
˭뵽һݣ֪߳ܰٸ˵ȥǵķݶ
زٸǰ˵ȥƺΪǵòɡ
ֲᵽǵÿû¡
زҪߣϷȴȥסǵȥ·ǽµصվס
ˡ϶ǰλǲûԵģӵ
ˡҵ˵ע⵽ߵĶֻûеõҵķԸǲǰһֶ˹ŮӦŮӶ֡
ϵŮȥԺ˿ˣ
˵˻ǲѾϣǲ뿴ǰλ˰
㣬ңϷû뵽ϾȻԼұӶǿϵ
ϿڵҸңŮʧ񣬾ֵϼȥҲ˻վŮߣŮǲţԣ
ŮͼסϷˣϸǿڵֻǵǸʱͲҲϼӣȡ衣
Ϸȡ裬ϺزڼϽɣ˭ǵ˭ˣ
ȥϲٺǰȫ֪ԼʲôӦʲôӦ˵ʲôֻǰѺȥ
ϣ㾹ȻңϣŹ֣²ֵ˭ʲôǲҵģ
ز룬̫ÿδ̫ŮɻϲԺ²٣
뵽Ӧ£һԶŵˣȻԶŵ
ŮФѾãֻһֱΪǰȻΪҲᣬġϰϷ˸ߣزɲ뱻Ӱز
زЦЦصȥı˵ǸУҶ
زദпˣزǸˣ˼ƽʱܺ˵γΪЩ¶ֵģǷĵߣҲӦ֮ġ
ʲӦϷ˵ĻһϷ˵ϣϷҪǸҳȥ֣ûûƤֻϷˡ
ЩŮҵľӦˣôô֣ʵǵĹϵֻҪԼӾͱʲôáҲԼ֮Լ˽˵˰ˣ
زͷʾûʱѾǰڰڷƮ磬زϻȼһ
°ɣˡ˺Ц˵ţزп֮࣬
Űϵζɫνɫζȫѵá
÷ע⵽һм÷Ĳˣϲ֮
ǣŷϲ÷ֻǶʳʳز÷һˣȡ÷֮ζʳ󿪣ֲʳزЦŻӦ˻ϲڼ÷ӣ뵽ǰ˵ĸϲ÷Ļ٣
˵ͷҿõʲôϡ
ɼ÷鶼ã
Ĳˣ˸棬ǣ
˲糢ʲôҪóԲҪġ
дģ֮֮ڼζѣԲʲô
ǱߵɩͬһڣóóԣȴôԲʲôѯʵؿزʵǺ
ǿԽвʵǷãһ˲˵ǲˣӦ˵㡣زָһ̰ɫ˵˻ǵһ˵֣̾ǲ˵ˡ
ĲˣǴ㣬÷Ѽȵȣɫζȫģȱ˵
ֶҲԵ÷ͬһĻ죬ʱϵζãԵǽһˣϲ춼Ҫϲ£ˡ
óԺóԣ̫óˣǳԶ²ס찡ģҲûǵ˵
壬һ䣬ϼλŮ˵ˣһǰһȴųŻôһϢ
Է˵Ŀ΢΢סĿ⿴صģҲǸո֪Ϣǲžȥʡ
ǲţϢز˿ʲô
뵽زڵͷӦǵĻǰҪɲΪزںĸŮһ𣬼ȻںģҪֳķز᲻ᷴ¾˵׼ˡ
ģûʲôϼλŮɲĶ֡زΪȫʱ˵ٴοôͶԺԺ˽⣿
˵ˣҲǶԺԺ˽⣬ǶʲôʱһձȽżһֱΪһԻĻţҪǲ˶źԺô֪ʲôʱԳԺóԵġ
һС壬ǿˣСǼ򵥵ˣҪ뱳ѰԵŮѶȡҿóƹŮҪƹ֪۸СǾͷˣ
Զ²ס죿һοڡ
ߵصһΪ壬򣴨жŮϲѰɣҪǻ򣴨֪Ҫٵ¡һŮʲôһѵ򣴨㡣
⾿ѻֻ᲻˼ȴֶӰÿղĺϷǲ⡣
ɾɾϲϲû뵽һ˳˵غţѯʣ֪ʲôôˡ
ɾع̽Ϣ֪һ٣ȴǸϽϲϲϲ塣
ɾڼɾڴ֮ȥְһϢ˱ǼĶ衣
ñ֪飬¶ƹĹͣƹĵʥ衣΢֪һӵƺڻʵ۵ǰó谮
ʵէȻһҪҲЩģȴصˣ֮ȥã
ȥϢ߷ˡûüԸѾԸԺһˣһҪϢˡ
֮Цص廹ˡ
زŵʱ֪Գ˵ĺϢǺòͷǰɣͬʱƺ⿪ڰ˵ڴ֮ȥε£ףزȻĸȴи
û˵ʲô˵ỤԶţ͸ǵĴˣ
лҪ˵ճֶģ

029´׼

û, Գ˵Ϣ˵Ķǽһϲ, ɩԱ߰˵û޷زżĺϢ, زǸأ
˱ϲز, ϱĻֻ, ûû, ز, һֱûϢǰȴˣϻ׼֮ȥиƺĳ, Ǹλӽ棬ϾδŮ
ٿز۾ֱð, Ƿݻϲضزס
ʶĻﱸҶǻϲϲصǴӵ
ز, һææȣС
ӣ洫һϢ, ˵ϼҵŮˡزĵʱͿʼԣһİûҲ֪￪ʼ, û뵽һľȻ˳ܽ˵ϼŮˡ
ôһ˲زûӦŮʲôˣȻȥҵʱصˣһҪõɵ, Ʋ٣زȻûзϣ˷ˡ
˭ңز뵽λŮɶĴߣûдߣҪ˵ҲӦŶԡ
ĪλѾӵɾСضشлĲ٣Ҫȥ˵ϸҹ꣬ز֪ô£
֪ȴ֪ɾйأǸҵλɾйء޷ô˼еزͷ
زϰƺڱҪ˵Ķ۸ͻֶʰ˵ѵҲ£
ҪĻ֤ǸԶŵˣ˵ĻӦµ£һ
뵽زǺˡ
ʲôز˼žҪҪһʣһȴزĴĸˣزϽվĸ
վǴˣЩĸײڣҵ㡣ƲĸǸƵˣһƲ˵λĸϲ
ز£ĸʲô£Ƕ׵ˣ
Ʋĸ˵׼¶׼׵ڿɿӦǲŵģû뵽Ʋĸ˻˵¡
ƲĸڿЦţزɵӣ׼Ȼ׼׵ˣɷ֮Ҫ˵˵
֮»ܽ𣿡زûᣬֻ˳ڵĴ÷֮ǽ̵óġ
ƲĸٴЦˣദ֮ȻǸи˵İ취̲ãԵȴý̰Ƕȥ
µūͶȥزʶƲĸ˵ĺΪĲһ
ԣ֮£ָദ֮УС
ǣ컯յƲĸ̣ǲǣǲǡ
¡ŵ»᲻Ʋĸȴһݾᣬкز߹ȥ£زٷְȷҪܻͼ
ĸ컹šزţ̫߹ȥȻûǿǲյԼҵĴĸɣ
㻹֪Ҹ㿴ʲôƲĸǸˣ̷زı鲻̫ԣһ²⸡ʳڣ֪زǲǲ³ʲôˣ
زӦǲ֪İʱ֪Ծ
ûаֻǿĸ̫࣬ݶá¶ڰزѾԲ컹ţҪҪǳȥ߻˵£
ԲȻǣǿ˵㣬ܵԲȥ̫۰ɡ
ΪŮӣô֪ܻͼֶأƲĸóܶ
ɡƲĸزĪģزС󶼲һĵĺӣɵò񻰣ܲʲôʧкزǰ
ӲģһⲻʲôʱҪһصģȻˣǾȥɡ
ʷûжҽ㣬ˣúõؿܵö֮񡣡Ʋĸ˵Ŵ˾ᣬزһ۱㿴ˡ
󷽷Ŀ֮Ϊãûʲô˼ġ
춼űܻͼԭ
뵽ϱ˵ȵĹ˱ŵúܣҪǿˣʱܹϣɲһ£ͼһʱĻȴɵġ
ֻزǸլŮܣҲʣƲĸоز϶ˡ
ƲĸŮֻϣҵɾǰҲҪ󷽷ģϲǲϲҪǷޣûϲȴϲӰ޸飬ˣ
زոѾ̾ˣֻй֮޲Ʋĸ˼Ҳ̫˰ɣ
޼ĺֻڱ棬ҪǷ²˳Ǻǡ
⺢ӣ˵ĻȥˣƲĸǶ˵ţȴزһֱֻͷţȷȥûȥ
ȥˣȥˡزоԼ֪ˣ뵽ԼҵĲ벮ĸһֱмӣƲ߿û檵أԦеӦöƲĸѧѧ
ز粻֪εĶȥˣƲĸ޾ϸĺزűܻͼز棬Ҳο
û뵽زǰʱ棬ھѧҲһ棬ã
Ʋĸһʱزһıܻͼ˵ȥˣȻỹز£زоһ¡
ƲĸֻмӣȴŮұûŮǾ͸ֶŮɣ˭زĻϲ
زž룬Ůɵÿͼɾῴ
ɾͬÿģڼˣΪ˸ŴұѰȻǵһθӽ֮񣬿ǿˣȾֳӣ˵ѹ
ס֪ǰ£ǿɫΪʲôˣ˹ؼ֮Լҵĸô£
û£ûʲô£Ҫˣò٣Ȿ϶û뵽Щڷܺѧоأ˵ܵĺöӣ統жˡ
ֽݹȥ⣬ȴǴ˾ῴֻһƳ΢΢һȴǺܿػعһҾ͸ס
⣬ǰѾӽϵı飬ûһģʵҪΪΪ㽲һ𣿡
á֮ǰĳѾɼҵջֶͲǲȫĶ䣬Щ£֪
Ҳǹôģ׼ˣȻ˵ã絿˰죬ǲ̫ȷѯʵصĲã
ָϵľţֻΪȷһǲĲҪ
á϶ػشĿȻ絣ͺÿһͨе˼ʱȷһ¶ĶûǼٵĶã
ðɣֻ֪֪ҪֳЦͺá
ҽ⣬ԼʲôصģȿȣҪǲʹҲС뵽ֶĸã˼ͬ׵˵ɡ
šü˵Ϊ£
лҪ˵壬֮


030ӭ

ջûж, ô˵޾ϸĽװ׵, ֻܺĽ⣬Ľʵðɡ
һ治, а, , ˶֮Ҫְ, ⼸¸, ûôˡ
ǡӦ£뵽زһԼӵ, ҪǲҲᱧԹ
е¶˵ˣ, ľᣬϸһ, ܿͨĶ
ʱʱţزĴ֮ˣزûͱ˰ױϴ, ǻز, ʵʹһﻹа⡣
ҪҪԵ㶫زˣһԵѯزҪЩ, زŸѰʲôûԣڳ꣬ȵŵҲ֪ʱܳԶ
ŮæȥزЩԵĸȵģƲĸزȻܲŲæĳŶæɲܳԵ̫࣬ҪһԶ鷳ˡ
ʲôģ۵ľǵˡ
һأزƲĸƲĸȴЦĪ˵ӻΪһ죬£
زޣͰ͵صĿƲĸ
ֻٳһЩ˵ԣˮһҪٺȡƲĸزĶɲزһֳʲôЦ
Ǵϲӣ˵سǰ忴ƼҵĲ֪
ʱƼҲ֪ж֣ǰͷƼˣʱĴ壬ǵ尡
˵ƼҵĹϵãϲƵĶˣ⻹ֻǼŮѡǰֻǼŮôϲƣй֮޲˿ƺǻ¹٣Խ׵ԭ
ҵ£˭˵ǻٹһЩ°ɡҪֵô󣬴òðʱͷ˳£ֻЩСඳ
ӣǼҵıͿɶˣɾСɾȥͣдɾŮûпƼô֣ޱȣز˵һεؿǰ
ôʢĻ񣬵һ֪Ρ
زӦһֲóȥӦֻͣҪ˵Բȣʵٶ˶ã
ŮɣøˡزױͷòˣҪϲˣ
زæͷʾ֪ˣվȥ˰Ǻصϲ
˿ƣȻûйิӵĻȴԵز
ÿǱҪģ˵ţһԵü˷ܣزȻϲûϲ˿
ˣÿģ֪ŮƵ۾գһ¡ʱ˳ˣÿز뵽һλҲ˵ÿ˴ϲ֪жÿ
Сɾ˶ſڣ¹үּ黰ء˳ϽززһЩˣֻ־ǡ
ŮɵǲδķزֲΪӣЦ˵ززڨڨǿγΪ˵ģǶŷִ磬ҵŮһȢȥԽѣԽ֤Ůڼеĵλ
زʵȥȥûпܵ£˶ŵ㣬˵ɡ
ʱ˴ӵƼҵĴǰֵܵģվ棬һǺƲģȢޣ벻
Եˡ۸ƶǼ˳죬໥֣׵ϡôģҲŬȥһһԶ벻
ľزϵһǸʲˣѶޣֲûУɻϣܴʵһ׼
աСɾ㽫ȢƼҵŮǷƴĻղµöԲԣǲԣǾͲӡ
ǣǣ˲֪ЦϿɡ
ŵ壬յԵĿء
ǶףͬɵѯʣҪزһһµ
⡣ǰһ̧˳⡣
ҶĶ䣬ɫֻƣһ꿪һΣ·㡣һ˳⣬𻨡
̫ˣĪ˵ˣһ˶ܸҵġһͳô׵⣬δ̫ˣҪѵģúõΪΪųɡ
΢ᴵ졣⣬ٴ֣
˵ֱô׾꣬ٽس⣬á
Ӷ˳⣬ѵ׵ĶУԶԴúȲʡ
ƺһ˵ŻúȲʣ涼ʲô
֪һ˲գüһⶼѲסƺǻϲʱվ鴫µһҲ
СҲͰˣɲƼҴõӣǼҵĺ£ݲ㡣
ƺ⻹ûڣƲż£λ֣Ҫ֣ܲ³ҲûôףţҪţ
λվĴһ̾ǿϧҲһģôͲȥء
һ ˣȥӣ²Ǿ͵취ඡʱһλʮɾվЦеؿڣǺ涼õģòײ
롣ηѣֻҪܰӵӣ˵˵
ˣɾҪˡ
һҾɾڵд飬˸ʵͣպ˫ԣԺꣻʯ񿪻죬ˮܣֻĲ䣬һꡣ
˶۷׷ףȴһҾл
˻⣬ѿڵյǰͷϣ˫ɶԡ
ûôµ˴ʱǸ̾ɾЦֶǵףƴǼá
֣ͬصһҾγУɫزС
Ƽҵͬز޸ͻأǻزһӶԿ⡣
ĵƷԣǶŵù򲻻㡣ˣÿ븮ôĿڣ˭Ű׷׵·
Ƹһ㶼򵥡СĶֹϽźɹȥǮˣǮˡ
Ƽ治٣ҲûбʾŶ¶ˣһҲ¶
æǮڿԽˣǸ̾زҲյϢƼҵΪˣð˷Žˣס
ӿ׼óˡܽˣزඣŵزӵϣûסʵ𣿡
лҪ˵ժ԰ٶȡڷ⣬ԡ

031»һϣ

˻, ȫסûӦƲĸȽ, ˣʲôʱ, ˵⻰밤򣿡
û밤˼, زصⲻ, û𣿲ĸ, Ҫٵȵȡ
ȵܲỹҪɣزʵس, ˣ˵ȫ붯ֻһ
Ʋĸһɴ۾, ⺢˵ʲôɵʲôʱ˻˵Щɵ
û뵽ؼʱزȻ, 벻鷢
زɾˣǧʱʹӡ, Ҫޣɾʲô첻, ôҽ
زµӣֻͷ֪Ŷٵ, ˣ˲ţƲĸȻǵһ£Ȱز, زĵļޡ
Ŷ˿ɲС£ôıͣʱôܷڡ
£ֻһ˰ˣĲޣֻٵͷһͷ˵ûš
ԣ£޽ң㻹ƼҵŮɣҪҵ˸۸㣬ôֳһǺģһΪֻعͷĵļޡƲĸŬذزز̫ģûʲô˵£¡
㻹װ£ʱãްɼްɣʱٲҲֻܼޣҪȻû취
ƲĸزȥˣϽİزã˵źûҪȥôɾǶδֻһۣͲż޲޵£Ͱ͵һߡ
ĻȻزĶ˵ģز˵ʲôŵĻԼҵĲĸ˵ˣࡣ
úӡƲĸزúã棬Ҫȥݱĸء
ĵ⴫лһеſˣƲĸز±¡
زıϣز£زӦһʼǰߣҲӵŽزվǰ˾غӳඣ
ããڵȵһ죬ӵݣزȻݣȴ̲סЦˣҪȢزˣ
ز̧뿴ƽյͺǺÿϴϲǺεȵģ
ţزĿഥһ˲˶סˣ˴¶ĻϲһǶЦˡϲĻϲǶΪ˴˶ϲգǵĴ顣
֮󣬴Ӵǻܵˣͬ
Ȼû˵һ仰ȴܴӱ˴˵׸Ե˼
Ӵ̫ˣӶˡһЦزڻع˵˰ίʵˣ
Īż˶ôɡ»޴СЦˣ˭Ҳš
ز࣬˵ȻʱҲ¶ǵúܡ
ɽݱĸ˾ûڹؼʱˣڵڻԶţҪȥݱĸðݱ֮ӭţŵ濴ʱ
ӵòǳڣǰûУȻҪȥݱĸǶЦţز
ȥȥȥǰͷϯ׼ˣ̫ȥĺģµҲ˵ˣҵ˲Ų٣ϲݵͣ˾ˡ
ȻյزǺģǲʧ˸źһ˲ãƺһԵƼҵ岮ֵܣΣһЦסˣʶϲ£ѧãЩǰļӣһҲûʲô˵ģӦøˣˡ
򡣡˾ţǰزһ˶Ųӹò衣
ƺźãӹһڣһҽزز޸㣬úô
ǣ֣ضƺߵزͬŲƺ⣬ƺһȴ棬ңӣǣǶǼٵģҪ㲻ˣߵһѵ
ǰĻȫû⣬ǴſǻӣزȻ£
ƺ޵ÿͰ͵ģЩʱΪ㾡Ѱһ˼ңˣǧĲᡣҼززõĺӣôҪءҪһϣ
Ͱ͵ؿƺôһеҲǲס
õ˶ɵˣƲĸ븧ǰܾƺز⸸Ůûʱ˵Ļһޡ
һɨƲƲһĹԾϽȥƺ˵ʲôġǱĸˣ߰߰ɡ
˷زվǸϽߡ
̵ķ壬˵ز˾ǻǸϽߣ
˵ˣزٳŵʱ˵˲ˣڵãһƺ⣬Ҫɡ
ز˵ţƲĸǽһ䣬زƺһƳٻ⸸Ůһ˼ҪһļǾ鷳ˣ
ˣʱˣŰɣĪ˼ʱסزĻزڡ
ƺ⻹˵ţһʱ𣬶д⣬ŮЩӣ˵ôͻȻѻ¶ôżأҪǲżû׼ܶزһЩʱա
ˣԼǧټΪززѰżңô˼ŮززһӼ޲ȥҪ㣬ȥšƲһЦز뿪һƺ˵ţƺزһӲޣһӶƼң
˼ƺ᲻زҲزڼҪˣҪˣزô죿
ŮҵģҪ޵һɾܵԼĺӣԲ
Ǿͱԣ߸˵ͺӳţúӳ޻㡣Ʋ˵ȰˣƺŪ£ĪҪˣټȥԿ˻ز
ƺôأ᲻زҲֻŬһЦزš
ƲƺⰲãƲĸͬزţزƺһѲ޵Ļ
ĸŮжҲ˵ˣ¿ɲٳʲô
ڵز˻ζû£Ʋĸһڻͷٿƺһѱһ޵ӣƲĸɣ⼴Ҳˣ޵ѹһЩҲҵ֪ƺزжҪûʲôá
زҲ䲻ϣȴƲĸæͳûƺ˵ʵƺ˵̫żţʱͻģ
Ʋĸ뵽زոԺ˵Ļ¼زһأذ˸ϳز
˷Ҳʼδ
ǰֻ֪Ȩû뵽һŮҲ㿴أ޵ӣҪǸ۸ƼŮɣйӳԡ
ûйӳҲ˵ƼʮױЩûôļױˣá
;֮޲棬ЩûôֱʵļױͬյϢ̾ѣǰǵļױ嵥ֻһݣǰ˵Ҫö࣡
˻ûȴͷҷ治ɡлϲˣҲаزÿ˰
лҪ˵ƺ⣺ҵززôͼˣ
Ҫ˵һʮ

032

ز֪û, ˰Ҫÿýŷ½, Ȼ߽ȥһʱ, Կģ, ΢΢һ, ֮Ļǻϲ࣡
ӭඡһ·Źϲȥ, 絷, ϵ˵ŹϲСѵСĽ£
ǰùſزһЦ, лѡ
ã˾ٴθߺ, ظĸ
ȣĸں, 飬ĸΪҲ
زǣźһ, ٳ絷ް£ϽЦ춼ϲ£
޹, ذͷ
һΪ޵Ķ֮һݣˣ
˷޶,  лţǰ·زһڶȥٺΧزЦԣֻԽԽ࣬뽫زƵز˳òԣػ
һðͷλǰϯ
˵Ļʲôףϵտ⺢ֵã·ûˣ
زʱ·ûߣĻһĨ͵ʶȤ
ȻˣǸӦлģҪڣע⵽սŵ¸Ǻδ
ǰæزϼ˵ûУʵزɰ˦ȥֻ뵽Ǵϲӣϲ֮ոֻԿ
ڵ˷ýŷֳװ˾Ƶưǽˣ˽лӰӷӳʲôģ
˸ŵǿҪҲȿһģǰͷȥ
Ŷ᲻ǿඣǻúܡ壬˻شòȢؼҵϱЩһûϱ
һһȵģǰֲʧܸϳȥˣزҲûסЦˡ
˾˴˳ȥʣزźˣز棬ùز΢΢һ١
𣿡زӣز࣬һæڣܳԡ
ݸһЦȷʵࡣԣҡ
˵ŻѾزӣڿԿʢװزǺģ
زû뵽Ķ֮죬һû˶ҲȫԿԷëףƤð
ĳֻעⶢ֪ǵľöԸо˴ϵ¶ȣĺᶯ˶
壬壬游ȥͣ⴫˴˿ŶԷ˶ѣ
زϽһˣҲæתվϢһ£һλɩɩ㣬йҵģ
ɾȥɡزͷĶ֪ΪζЦˣӦһãǵ߳ȥ
ɩɩ˽ÿ߳ȥصλɩɩ
ܲؿɩ´ɩȴǵЦصᣬʱûȥ
ǰɡɩû뵽ɩʳʧ֮ԣû뵽ǣȻشǡ
һҾ뿪ˣɩɩΪˣ
ûаС忴ģû˵ɩһݣز׼ˮһڣ˵нŲæϣɩɩæشкλɩɩá
ǰزһ治٣ǵʱزδʩ֬ʢװϲĵݣǡ
ÿɩһŮ˶ˣǰزĵؿһ䣬زֻһЦǲ˿ޡ
ÿÿֻԼɾͶ²ܣδ̫֪ˡɩƺ߲ƣĻȴҪز˼زӻ
ĵãϲ˾ЩȥϢӶԵĶ״֮ԣɩŪˣôɩͳˣ
ɩû뵽ᱻɩɩǹ߻װˣ֮Ǹ浽ŵǰ˵һ˵㡣
ˣվҪߣ϶ųʳײϣŵĶײÿŮ澷ӹһ١
ôˣûܽסɩԭֻһԵɩ
ĪԽˡɩڱɩΪǲ϶ĳʳЦ˵ǹҵģ뵽¸ǶһˣϽȡʳ˰ɣЩ
ɩززǲصľ˲ٺóԵģߴزСԣҪǲȥá
ССû뵽زȴݸߣߵزЩ˼
л˵˵ÿȴǱÿģزǵлҺʱûֶֻм׽ǰز˼زȡһҪɩ϶ز
һԣԽȥزкǡ
ǵǲ϶ˣԼ԰ɣùǡɩڿڶЦһμܿóزã˵ǶɷһⲢסһֻǼʲô»һġ
뵽ɩǰദ˻û뵽һȴɩϲزԭܲµ޷ΪǱá
ô˶µģܵԸɣһôղѵҷȢˣ
Ҫǰ˵ԼķЩ궼֪ҪȢŮˣﻹܵȵǶ»³ף
ɩ뷨ɩһ֮䶼ɩǻ˻ȥزα֣ز£٣ܿһ˵ӣʱͻֵֵ֪
ز˶º͵ؿزô˵أ˵ǱǶСȴʾǶС
ǲҪңҹֲ˼ġزû˶ųԷգ۵ģ֪ûκεĶ⣬ֻǿúˣزǲϰߡ
ɩЦˣ˰ˣǲǣ԰ɡ
кתͷٶزˣֻ˲ͷȴǻ࿴زۣز
ˣֲǼˣ뿴ǿɡ
زֻܳţ˵ãһЩǸöúܣӲҪ£ν
ͷزܶɩ˵ϲزԵƺ˼ζӣѵصһЩĪҭˡ
ز˶ȴͻȻŵһζʲôζ
ųˣز̧ͷ¿ţע⵽澹Ȼð̣ϽлŻˣŻ𣿡
̶ܽˣźŻˣżľҪܳȥزȴסȵȣȵȣŻ𡣡
Ẓ̇ǿˣ
лҪ˵ϸڣŮźĩĻش˽͡

033

زǲż, Ѱ̹ȥڴ¾ȻһѲ, ôЩԶ˳ŷ紵, ֪ĻΪŻ, ʵȴǡ
˭ÿز, ûϳȥ˾Ȼ, Ҫǰ˽ȴֻ, Żˡ׵ĴϲӣҪ˶زĻ鷿һΪȻ, ȴֲŻǵöЦز, Цң
˭ɵģɫǲ, ɩҲòĶȥǹ¡
·Ūһѻ𣬷̽, ž£ɩﻳһ, ϵشû˵
ɾף˸ͲͷɾԽԽ𡣡ز˵, ֮˶Ϸִֻ˿ҵЦ
زŽң䲻֪Ǻ뿴Цȴ˿Ц
һ˵Ųִɩһزǣ˲٣زȴ׷׷ڵ˵á
Ǻòͷȼȥ¿ͷ͹һؾͳɣɲеڶءز£ɩҲͬ鷢ڶΣԣ˶ŵ£ЩҲò飬θ
ɩɩˡزɩ˼֮л
šɩˣ£ز
ǣӦ£ɩز֣زĵشţȥȥͻء
زͣΪһռ޽ˣΪദֻ֮ҵˮҲͦȻװЦȴ֪Ǻˣ
ʵزδûлɵˣ֤޾ݣЩͲ˵
ޣزŮŮл˽ӡ
Щңزǲµģеһص£δزеڶأС޴زŮСһЩǲϣٳʲô⡣
ôζʱŲζȴżű벻׵ô¡
ȥ濴Щز˷ԸŮȻ֪׷ʲô£زǲҲ
̾һ²˴󶯸ɸ꣬չĸԹʵģصġ
زͷӦ±ʾȥˣڲôģֻ뵽µûңˣôҵ˻µ˰
¸̾ţ⴫һȴ¸
زתֽŹϣ˿ǶѾϨ˵Ļѣ˷Ӧ
زţȻ޵¾͵ΪأƵС£ҪҲҪȷš
ɩ˼ȥѰǰã·˵һԸǲϣͬٷģڸһμӻģµˣ˹㡣
˵ʱ뼸λ˵Żɩ˵ֻһ䣬¸Σ
õûֲԣûִ󡣡ɩزһ䣬ȷʵزҪȻﶼ֪·ŻȴһЦûл
ȥ·ŵ㡣ֳ˭һжԸȥˣѾͷǸ·ˣٶ˼ˣûôס
һʮŮ֮Ӧһȥ¡
йҵӣһкˡųȴüͷûһ£һֱЦݣԼҵĶϱ£һЦӭкˣҷˣˡ
ǣɩӦ£һɨ£δɩûʱֲڴ˴Ķȥˣ
룬ȴкһŮΪأ壬򣴨Ǽ˼ң֮ಢƼҵĲ
һͨƣǸƵˣôƣϲӣҲһȺѲϵȥȣȵͨ죬üȻ
Ҫ˵òЩϰߵ˶Уǿ۾Ų˰ɡһȺƹѲˣʱ˵Ҳǿûֵֺԡ
ԣ˵ĶﻰȢ¸òҪԲٵĿͷඣÿտűԼҪÿɾԽԲλࡣ
Цϵÿһǿò֣ľһЩģϽˣλλͷŹҼɡ»֮ҹ಻С
һȺѻ񲻶ӹ֮̾һֵǧɴʧ߰߰ɣǵ·ɣҪȵټؿס
ƶòˣɻ붴ʱŲ˽ȥǸгɣ
ཻѶ֪֪׵ˣȻϽȥĩ˻һ˼ǵûȾƣǿɶ㣬뵱ʱǷŹ㣬ðȼ
ֵȥͻ
ΪһóԺѵô棬ܲˣһȺ˵֪øʲôˣĻشԷˡ
·ȥֶٴ˵һ壬𣿶ҹɼǵýʲôӣȥҪʲô£
ֶӵΪһˣĸ˵õ㼸ˣȴ£ڶ㲻ᡣ
ţʱĻֻһͷ̫ˣòĵģòĵģǶˣ
˵𣿡
ΪһճԼ嶼ˣɲԼĻµϰߣֻܵύ޶ףǧٸǰһûߡԿġ
ĵȰţüͷšýģ˼ȥûʲôԶסһ죬ΣȻЩ᲻ã˵ȥ̲ס
̲סɣһΣ˻һ顣
ӦӲѵģѡ񣬶˵ڳΣҪੲݵ˵ʱ׼һ

ʲôʲô
㻹Ҳͣ¿ﵽǱʲôһȻΣЦˣлͣ
ֻϣոôôѣ
ӴϲΣô󷽵ңˣ嵲ƣˣõ񰡣Լϲһ飬ʱüҪûѵǺ˷˵ô˵Լء
ɾ⸡ֵʱԺӵˣݣȴһص͡ȥ
һ֮ˣ壬һֵǧףúϣɣһͷ
˵ŻһͨüŪ۵ģûۿһֶӵôɵģ
лҪ˵뻻ֶӣ
㲻룡
ȻҸϸƣкϿζĶȡҪ֧־͸ãڴ˸л
󣬾ҵļ
ߣ֪
飺Ǵ󽫾֮Ůǰȴ۲ääһĴˡ
֮Ķ³ýųն
ǰģҶȻҪúҽ֮ˣѪծѪպʱɥ
Թ̫ִ̫
ʱػذǰۣʵԣǰ֣ģ
һУĻãնĸӲ
ƾǰļһҽҲΪƸΪŮ
ƣҵŮӣȴŮӸе
ⲻ֪磬ȫǶһ飬Ϊ㾡еӡ

034»֮ҹ

ֶ˴Сһ𳤴, ܵĽһģ֮, ֻ˵Ǹ鲻ͬûйϵġ
ӦûԴ, ôоǰδе, , Ϊ֪, , ΪԸΪһƵˣܲմƴմ
壬ֶȸˡ, ߸˵ȥԺﲻ˻ز, һĹȥ
زæ, һѾˣͿˣ㲻˵ĺ, Ծػȥû׼滹ʲôҪȥ졣
, ѻָزǳŲסˣϴ֬˿֬ǲ˼
, زлϣЦЦزҶòˣһڸл񡣡
Ī˵ųʳϳһغҲʱţܶһЩ
ȻҵţһˣദӳţزеǻһչǳԸָʳ
ƿˣ˽Ҳز˼زæվԸˮ
Ը˵ؾȥ׼زһʱ֪ǰദˣ
߹𣿡
µôܲȣϴŵĶǺصȲŹְɡ
ȣزĺһĺ˺ܲٲΪ¸Ҳõɻ˵ɡ
˱ˮ˱µˮǸز׼ģ˵Ѿ£ͷЩܣز߽ŵŨŨľζѯʵص˱Ѿ𣿡
ҡҡͷزԸȥһѾ
زŮȥ죬סز֣ͷʹ
ͻȻţزܾһſޱȵͰ͵˵ͷʹزЦȴֹסˣһӲ̫һжأ
룬زҸ㰴ͷͲʹˡ
ں庢ӣӦһز֣۾ز̫Ѩʱ˵ҲѬˣҵһġ
زһ٣Ѭ㣬ŵζزȤĵɾѬ㣬ﻹ㣬մˡ
ĳزһǴ죬մͬζʲôֵġ
ͷƺ˼˵ͷǰңҵķҵǰϵζҲմˣ
ιֻǳһʵΪλһĿ
ܺ˼룬ˣôôࡣ
˵̧ۿززԼӵĺ˼룬û뵽ͻȻ̧ͷĿഥزҲƲۡ
һֱ֪úÿ֮ˣ㣬ܰа
زԼסһѣʲô˵ģ
ôˣоزĺԣѯʣز˵ʵ
û£û¡ҡͷʾû£Ӧһգգ۾ͷʹ
ǰĳֻ˵Ǹ˰ĦˣزϽذ
Ժʲô£زĦͷôʹˣҲһЩز˸˵ˣ
ûУֻﲻζζ֮ȻٴεȻˣ
ֻζͶ϶£زԼҵķĹ۲˵ʲô͵һݱĲõĺ񡣻ԺǵһԽԽã
òһĿزЦӯӯ˵ֻǼˣ˻£Ӧͺá
ɾˮˣԼ⣬ȥȡˮڻˣ
ز̿ززȣ
ã֮ãϵѻˣزһ㶼رʾԼҪȥϴϴĦˡ
뵽һˣƺûزˮǱһݣһҲеģ
ز˲ô࣬ȥϴϴֻܽͷϵﾡȡ£жױڵԡȥ
Ҵҵ˾ǺãȻֻһԺӣеľУ鷿ԡһԺﶼȫˣ㲻óҲܹӡ
زݵ뵽£ϰµò׼
ӣˮˣŮزز˵ԼǲŻ᲻
ӣӵùһҲ㲻ʮ塣Ǹز˽ز֪زʲôȴزǶ㲻ȥġ
Ŷزô죬ֻôˮ˯£̫ͷûϴ¡
زãһæ˳ȥزôĥ䣬Ҳһֱԡɡ
ٵ򷿼䣬Ҳȫ˳ȥˣزûпһ٣һһ³۵ڵ¿飡
ӵζزֲԭеζϵζڵ¿飬زûôˣãõİҪһ϶͸ˣ
ز˼ţ̧ͷز˵һ֣ز벻ȥģĳſݵ޷ܣȥ͹ȥ£
زԼ벻ǹȥȥ͹ȥ
زе¶Ȳϵزȴ죬վǰʱܾн
زʵһ٣˵Ǿн̫ԣزֻǻϤЩϰߡ
԰ȻйεദͻȻףܶණ˽⣬һʱûӦ뵽£޴롣
֣زһ٣¡ǰڼΣǰҲΡ޹̹ϣѡΪ㡣
زڲԾ˵˵Ļÿ˶࣬١
ִ֣֮ϣ˵Ļˣز׵ʱ˵Ļزѵˣ
ûԿ֣زԾȥֽգЩвȫһɨˡ
飬ϲһλʥ֮飿ǣز֣زϲʲô顣
ӵġ¾زϱľǹģ˴˼䣬黹ûϲгգܲһʮʱȥҲʮյֻܶųǾֻö顣
ǰᣬھѧ£Ǽұ˲࣬Ƕ˶࣬ѧԣ
Ϊ˲ƼҵزֻŬԼҲΪѧԡ
ȷӦԼùֻ̫׵ܶѹزϽջǷݸԴʳִš
ǣȻŲ¶ƼԼ˶֪زףͬһ
ϲһ£ز֪زϲһ£
½֪֮Ψ˹Ҳزϲһ£֪֪󣬷֪ν
ͷ»֮ҹȴز˵𡶵¾󣬱ѹزֻһͷ˵õĶ飬ΪʲôԾʧʧˣ
лҪ˵زز飡
ز

035ɾÿ

ûʱ, һҹ࣬ز󶼲ǵԼʲôʱ˯ŵ, ȴڴǰһʱͬʱҲסʵˣ
زӻûȫѹ, Ļͷ, Ŷһ, û뵽Ŷȴûʹ, ز
ôˣоزһ, ĵѯʣزеᡣ
ĳֱӶס֪ʵҪҴ𣿡
, ȻУزӦؾܾôҴ, Ҫֵﶪ˾
˯ҲʶƺӦҴģҪ, ǣǡ
ŭֵԼ֪, زز˯һ
˯šİĻ, İĴİˣزҪӦһ¡
ǲϰߣ뵽ز⣬ز˵ֻǲϰ, ϰ߾ͻн
زͻϰߵġ
һϴˣӦһЩѶȣܵӦġ
˯ҲһҲͻ˯ˡһĿڣزЦˣˣҪȥ밲ġ
»һҪȥݼžģز²õӡҲɣҪһЩҲã
ҪҪЩҪܽʳ֮ٳȥܺõġزĵ
ô𣿡üͷز뵽һ£ŶϰһٵˣزϴľƼϰһ٣ǱҪԵġ
һҹˮδմһˮʳԹá֮ҲҪˡزЦ˵𣬡ʳҪҵģĶġ
˸زĳǳԣ֮ԼɾŬðװ֣Ҫꡣ
ززԣˡزҪ󲻸ߣֻҪʳİˣزĳʳʳϲزûʲôס
زӦˬ죬ϵЦ⻹࣬ã
ŵã̧ۿȥز˵˳ôÿʲôأ̲סȥ
԰ķˣûˣ⶯ΪʲôͲȥ
תţѾܳʵȥϣز˵ɾǽ
˽ǵһ뵽ഽഥĨ𣬶Ĵϣĺ᲻ɵض˶
ɾˣز֪ԼľٶʲôóԸֻǸ˵ҪĻǾͲھ͵ҪȻҪʱˡ
زһǸƵˣܽŵĵһʧ
ĵ˼ʱزһɢˣæҪ㣬ǲҪһЩ
ɾ㣿ǲ׵ز˼ȥǾûһɾãϲ
ҶԳµ²Ѿ£زĶʵҪźɾ𣿡
һµĶ΢٣̧֮ͷزҡͷءԼԴ
ã¶źز֮һЦ㷢ز˵úףֻһС¶ü䡣
زҲѴã˭Ҳû뵽زô硣
̽һʵɾӿˣ
Ӧһ˶ѾѴˣ˿ڵūź򡣡
ɡԸ£űƿˣź˻ز˶߽ˮ
һ˶ˣزŮӣūΪͷ
˰Ḿ˵ͷزǰûȴزһͷ˵ͷҲɾҪͷ𣿡
ϴزĻһۿѯʵص᣿
ᰡСʱɶͷġز֤Լ϶ǻͷģɵͷǰģ˵ͷ׵úܣȥǲࡣ
˾ززˣ˵زͷвͬĵϴͭǰزɣ
زðżҪͷð
»ķĿŨ˭˶лϲ
زҪΪͷŮһԣزľᣬʼķʻǺܺõģΪѬ㣬ͷ˿ġ
ɾͷ㣬ҵĶҪ㡣زͷһţȻϵζһ֣Ǻܺš
С󣬶˿أΪȻϲѬ㣬ôȴʲôǡ
زʱʵ𣿡
ţزĵĿޣĺţȻϲѬ㣬ϵζܰģҲͲζԽˡ
Ǿͺãزǰ˵ϲѬģǵ÷ζϵ㲢ͬһ֣زδϲ
׶زźţһ
ɾúÿҲšĻزǵһα˿úÿֱ׵ģһ˲䶼زǲΪúÿͬ޸ġ
ƺȷʵˣزһʼǿŻͷͬµģˣҲ׸˰ɡ
زͷĶͦģѾӣңź⡣
ɾɻУˣزޣﰡ
ѣޣز»ǲģͷЦֱͷزˣƽѬɾԼѬĻѬ
һϲѬķزö˽İѯ֪ôŵģ»ˣܵĥϣ˽⣬ںϣزôӣ͵öʡ
ԼѬġһԵ̴ӱشģû뵽ȿڣ뵽ԼɾϲԵӣزʱشıԶ
زǴ̻ҰѬԺԼѬ
գ۾ʣززԸͣϲ
ϲˣΪϲ£ԵĻϲء
ãزͷȴһ¡ҰѬ㣬ҵϱȾһ޶ζ
ãزŸλ⣬Ϊã
عִز˵ζһ㣬˽֪ޡ
໣úÿڲԾ˵黰زҪסˣ
ɾǰǲʱ˺ŮɣزΪһŮ˶űܵԶԶӣҲû˵ʲô硢£˵̫ˣ
俴ǲԾѿڶĻزɻǲǱ˺Ůɣˣöŵ˰ɣ
һزĶͷϣ
Ӷڲ֡û뵽ֱ֣زɴ۾ؿȻ֡
ɾ㲻Բʵزľز˵˵ҷ硢СŮ´󡣡
ɶôûʣزô˵ֻõúúãҶˣ֤Ժ˵
ԣ룬زıôо˳ë
лҪ˵زɾ˳һ
ʲôģ򲻸ңҲģ̫ʹˣ

036ҵ

߰뷨˦ȥ, زɾͷˣһû, ң
ΪΪױв, ղ, ѧΪززᷢ
һûŮױ, ѧҲӦö࿴, ᡣ
áҵѧ, Ϊױزϲ֮ͷʾһյĵ
һ࣬ǰΪزױ, زģÿģͭпԣ֪ôֻʣϲ
Щ, ˵ʲôֻʲô
һԸһԿױ, յˣĿؿززķ羰
ڰĶܿ, ĸͷزȻһȿߣӲŴ˵Ѵϵĸо, ȴҲĪκΣ˭ˣ
زվĻʲô
ã̾󲻳Ľһ˲䣬ز뵽ʳеĲӦ㾡ɢ, ȴνһóԵˣʲôóԣֻԣǡ
ǲϲԶ÷Ϊ÷ࣿز룬ջǺĲ˵ɿڵСȡ
زţȻ֪زָСʲôȴǵͷʾѣزҪٵķ
е˿ڲ࣬˶򣴨ɩĸɩϹޣȻԶǿֻͣǼһ棬ŵġز˵ز
áж٣֪زɾȥȥͻء
ÿյԼʱŸû뵽زһñջ硣߶һˣģȴҲƺЩ֮У
ֻزƺ̫ãȻԺСûȴûʲôʳģƽҪʲôʲôһڴģСһ裬ĶʲôûС
ôأزðȥ˵˵ȥȡЩʳȥأҲü
Ҳû뵽£ԼʲôˣʱȻһСûжģ̷Ը̴ȥȡЩ
زһӦʳСʱ£յһ飬ŵͲ㣬
ɾһ밲ʱٰ͹ãƽʱûʲôزȴȷԼ϶һûԶˣʱóԵһ
ǹذɣزǲȷðɣµģĸײǿ֮ˡ
زʳãǼҲûһųԳʳĹأϾæģ˭ҪһЩá
Ļز˵ǰϿӣŽӹһڣеĺڵůһӾأ
ѣʵؿһ䣬ز͵óЩɢеĺ⣬ѾˣȻǹȥ밲ʱһĸ״ȥ
Ҫ˲ˣҪò͹ȥδԵزʧˣӦһزززҲԣ
ܲزȴزüЦģҵȻҪԡڼҵʱϰһЩҪǲθʹ
һЩϰزҪ˵ͷʾ
һˣ޸ز뽫һԸ㶼ɡ
Ӧ£زˡ
ֻز磬һһæ׼ʳȫһ䣬ɾˣŮһǶ̵ǺˣȻ˲֪
֣˵˵ˣ
ҵҪĸǿŸռ޽ļڸ֮ϲǲϲ
ز֪Ϊż˽׼õʳһϣ׺ĸ׻᲻᲻ˣ
Ȼزûʲôܲסܵ絷޲ԲŻһ䣬ֻΪԼһס
Ϊβϲ񲻽زΪξĸĸ᲻ϲ
һжֻ٣һʲôûæԵġزǰѳ˵ǰͷɣ
ǸĸϲֵΣûлشز
Ժ͵͵֪زģ͵͵£֮ΪԼ壬һҪԣҪһԡ
֪ز絷޻˲٣㰤ȴ˵ģҪٽ֮ܶҪһ١
ֻǳԶһٰˣҲԷ𡣡ûӦ˵
ңɾزһ䣬
˳ڽ𣬿Ǻһˣزûϵɾû취ңҿԼԼҵļױ٣ҵǮܶ࣬㹻ãׯӣЩׯӵճɶõġ
ϱ
Լ֮࣬ҲɾõġоɫƺãزʶԼֻԼһˣˣˣɾˣܰɾƲģ
һЩ´ࡣ
벻ܽԼϱĽȢ޵ԼȲҲԼҵԼļױӡ
ƺǵЩˣزֱۣɾһֱΪף޼һ壬ֱ˴˵ģɾΪҪң
ʲôеһң
ǵһҡ˼˼زؿίû뵽˼⣬Ǻѹء
ģҵҲģĲҵġȴɫسز˵
Ӵ谡ͺ˰ôľ򣬶Ůزû뵽Լϣ̫˼˰ɣ
ɾףɾ˵ǻϲֻɾһΪңɾ֮ģɾǾǧ֮⣬ҪңҲˣزﻶϲ٣ȴһﶨ´£̬ȣһĶĵˡ
Ծˣزֻռ˲Ϊ
Ȼֻ˭ҵ£ǼǼңǹͬļңôֻһ˳һɣ
һʱ̻ɣǷޣһһˣһֳزԼ֮ʲô£һУֻһ˸ҲḶģǷദ֮
û뵽ز˵һ䲻ˣ΢΢һ٣ϸϸһز˵ûͦеģ޼¶ֵһֻһһζĸһϵȡǻǷ
˼ȥһȥزΪûͨأϽĻɾûӦֻڴͷóһ˫ֽز
ôزһֺһĪʵǣ
ҵ˽֮زصǮĵطҵģǲġ
󵽵˼˵Ǿ˵زĻȥˣزļҵصͷãɾ˵Ҷˡ
Ծ˽ϽĺҰزٴθ̾Լʲôܵôõˡ
˵ĻҪ£˽ԶļױšüΪһˣԼҵҺڣ
лҪ˵ҵ£

037

ز˵, ᶨزһҪ쵽̬ȣزֻ, ÿסһӦǣ
Ӧ֮һ, زʵɾҪҵļױ𣿡
ļױҿ, ˡʾԼǿزļױ, , ƺز, Ӽױ¿Կ㣬һĶࡣ
زŶ, ô˻мױ£ļױӲ͵ҵ˹Ŀ, ٸˣ֤ļױ, ˭̰ͼ
һ㣬ز˵ʵɷǲ, ֤ҵˣǰԼŮ, ƾ׽ԼҵŮʧء
ǸɾױûеĶҪǣƺ̫ز, ױþ͹ˣһЩûڼױϵĶزΪӦ̹һЩ
¡ûа־ȣƺزĿأô¶пܣȫû⡣
زʵ̫һˣʵЩĸֵ¶С£ûʲô˵ġ
ȥ밲ҵ׶Ͻˣ뵽زʲôԼ򣬻ᶯ˽ˣ
ȰѺӷźãزûĺӣļҵףҵװźȡ
Ųżزӷźãһ߳ȥȻȻ֣΢΢һ٣˵񣬵ȴϲԼĶͺˣ
ϲָоҲ᲻زɿ֡
ʳе˿»ķ޶ӣڿڶЦȻǷ޺һ
һ˵زתھʵɳԵΣ
࣬˶ˡ˰˵һǾͺãǾͺáһգʱԲ¶ϱء
ĸ׵λչԼĺӣܴѶչ˺ãҲûб˵¡
Ȼ㵱ΪҪϱƼҶ࣬ƼҵŮɣҲΪҵˡ
絿νĿԼѡ񣬺۹⣬ΪƼҵļΪزˡ
ֻ洫̫Щӣ˵ƺⶼǼмģزͬôá
֮ȻΪس֮ˣʲô˰ǿóԶһЩǰӵǰҰźˣҲ㣬ΪѰһЩǾټҲδסƵùԶģΪˣŻ᲻Ĵţ˵ضز
úúãûôֻ࣬Ҫ֪ȢĶϱչ˺ǵĶҾͷģ£ľͺã¾ô򵥣ܡ
統һ£ʵһ򲻲£ֻܺöŮֻҪƽ£˵ӡ
ǷˣôһҲԣºαԼҵķ˶˵Ǽ²˵Ҳ˵ֳôĶһ˻֪ܲ
Ҫҵλ侲ЩֳЦˣùܹˡ絲ǹˣˣ˭뵽Լļһˣִҵ涼ˡ
⣬·һţȶϱдá
뵱زͱزͰ鰴£ɼǸģΪأĳЩšüϲˡ
ɾˣɴӹ밲ˣ洫˵ȴزˡ
絺ֹס⣬Цݿ׵صǽ
ŵӦ£̿زȥʱزɿˣԽȥһ룡
˿˻ɲŮòν֮ϣĶǻϲֵ
ճİһزЦݣֵһϲϰߣ
УزΪأæã
һø˸ˣһˣֲչԼҪġ
ĸˣչɾǶϱ֮¡زˣ˵ǻˣ
˼죬థ
һۣ絺һҾһٲܣͷĻȷʵࡣ
ϱɾһݼĸףԸĸ׸ٰЦճزߵݴæúúãЩ
˵ĽлƲŻعǰززȴע⵽һľ⣬ĳǸ
ʲôʱزģˣֻܵķǡ
ȴʱɺӼɺɺӶˣǶֻܽزһ࣬˵һʲôóԵģ
ֻһЩСˣ̫ӵĶ׺ֳǶþƲ٣һѾزʵ֮ԺʱѾѾˣµҲǱ¡
ˣ˻ģóزЩӦ֣ڼҵʱҲô︸״ġ
ƼŮƼŮĸΣƼҵĸһ˳̺ܽŮģҲֻ뵽زԼݣû뵽Ƽҵļҵס
ֻǼС¾ͿԿزǸеˣƼȢĶϱʵǼ֮ҡ
ǵɩˣȡһ°ɡǱ߿б¡Լеֶ͸ûʲôʱʱء
ˣزôܹͷβ˵棬黹еģȻǷݡ
ҵļλֵزûмʱһɫò˵ĺ񣬵ÿĻ
뵽زͷһע⵽زĿ⣬ѯ֮䣬زȴǳ¶һЦ밡Ϊζϲ֮ϲá
ףĸס밲Ҳز˼ˣɩһǷ˵û뵽С͵硣
ޱ飬زɩ֣ɩ֡
һôһɩЦ⣬ɩصɩˡ
Լֵܺα˵׵ĻҡҡͷǲôĿ
ֳʰ֮ģСڣһлԱֳš
лĻֻܱ¶ֺԶԶǲģлٻһҪġ
ɩܲ㰢˵ˣֳǼϣǶضԡ
ĸֵǷڵ£ɼҵǵֳеĴʯˡ
縸һֳĶˡ
ֻ·𣬴²֪ιʣɩʣȫȻûע⵽˿͸⡣


038Ծ

һտزɩʱɩĿ͸Ų, ûµˡ
Һɾһòͷ, 𣬽ɾһܹϺӡز뷨, ûʲô˵, 뿴ĺϷ, 뿴, һСŶ
ɩû뵽زȻȫں, ΪϲţüĿֻлϲȻǺòͷ
˵ü, ˱Ĳõ񣬵ȡһͷ, ãɩϵذز˵Ѵƹ
ɩȴĵصõ, 뵽Ǻòͷҿǵ㲻֪ʲôˣ˳Ըǣ
ز֮, šüͷɩززż, ǵʲôˣܹ˳ྯ
ЩҪز˵Щȴزڣһ򶮵ðշִ, ҪزǼʶǳĿˣҪ߲ƣͱˣΪҲҪز
ɩҪ֮ȴѾΪ֪
һɩæصңҾ˵ģһҪΪ²˲õˣôĻ£
ƺֻ֮ûʲô˼ȴһߣֻ뵽ز޽Ƽҵĵһ죬Щ˵ƣʶûϸ˵Щ˷ŵԺ㡣
ˣҪָףһŪ׵ģزز׼ѾСˣǶϽ£æʲôȥæȥһڣȴ˶ԹԵı죬˭Ҫٸ˵ɲġ
ɩűģ˵ģֻܹԹԵİϣҲҶԡ
زز衣
¸ŵĵһҪģҪףֻҵ׵µõȵصǻ򣴨ܰס
ãã絿ڣһ仰˵ˣǲͶϱ£˳֣˭££ǶҪֲ˺ã
ز˽ʳж˵ﶼһݡ
ز˵ԺһؽزһӦʵ壬˺óԵģҶ
زѾ֪Լ˿̵飬ԵĸеģԻԻһĳԻϲԵزǾ޽˰ɣ
Уֻˡƺǹġ
ôһţˣ
پûˣôŵİǱ˼ʳ֪ǲ˼
֪ġⲻǻشĻشҲ˲ϵȥ׽סӣ壬岻˴ң
زû뵽һϷǷװӣΪһڳʳҪ˵ΪһڳԵѧزȻǡ
ŵģ
û뵽׽ʲô
֣Ͻĸ֣Ҫٲ֣Ͳˣ
ɣһٺóԵģ壬壬㵲˲پƵķϣңһڷԣ˵жжͰ͵ضĳλһ棬иˣ
Ϊʲô㲻ңʵزǲ뿪ڲ廰ģûסĵһ䡣
˺Ϊʲôѵ˵㣿
˵ҲԣҪԺóԵģԸѰزǣ
忪ڣһ岻ͬ⣬һϵ
ûز˲زģҪزز϶
ڵϣزȥȻѰͬųɡ
㣬һӦĳڵΪѵϣ
ﻹָܲվֱѣһҾ壬һҪȫҡ
ҪǹȥУҪˡ̬ȣ󷢴ȱĿڡ
壬ߣֶиˡһһҾˣز
һˣزۿСˡ
ز̾ΪֹԻΪ˳ʳίʵƴˣ
ΪʲôǴСһ𳤴ѣȴز֪˵ΪβĴ󣬴ǲһ𳤴ġ
һӻعͷزһסؿڣɾ
ҵӲãʳڣزһ٣šüͷزǿĻشܺãϲ
Ҫ˵ǰɿָϲģ˵زҪװϲ˵ߣû˵
˵ϲǻϲ
תͷǰߣزһ⣬˵úúõģͻȻֲ˵ôһ£
Ȼ֣ز̫ȷ⻹ǲĴ𰸣ôûʲôɣ
زСϣʵɾ㲻ˣ
ޡﶼ˻ˣе˾ǲ˵ڡزšüͷǰսȴͻȻվסͷزֱţýһᣬֱǰȥһסزĻС
ڻĺ˶زʱֻһͷǵжӰҲĻˣ
ȵȣ⣡
лɾزһվȣϽҪ뿪ĻҲ˷ã˿վ
£뵽ΪԼͻȻתŰزţĵز˿Լ££
ʲô£Ȼ
űǰߣֻһȴǣز֣ز
ǣ㣬ˤ֪زʲôһԼΪʲôǣزԭ
زֱԵصԭΪɾΪϲŻǣңû뵽ǲң
ûزԴֻΪģϲ
ŬסǵЦ⣬زֵɾмյеʱ䣬⼸ǿ¿𣿡
ãпյʱزĴϤһ¸бҪ
ҹ˭㣬Ӧԣǳ֣ĸ׻ᴦõġ뻹һҪµ˵ΪЩҪ鷳һ
¹ҵ̳ܽɾ֪ڵˣ᲻ݼɱĵزƽϣΪңҵҪƽϣȻҲΪң
췢ڣزһֱֵúͣƺʲôνʵΣ
ò˵زһʱ֮żá
ززϻۣʵʵ˵زɾԼ˵ģ㿴еҵƷسƷ֮⣬мʶɡĿߣɾۣ֮ɾڽҿԼ
û뵽زһͨ˵ԼͷϣÿززγӭѵɾΪҵĿޣ
Ȼǵģزٽص԰ɾȻҲڿԼ
˵ʲô˵Լǿزǿزİֻ޿Լ֮⣬ز˵˵                        
лҪ˵ز

039»

˵, ЯֻصԺУϸϸΪز˵˵, زи
ڲһɩֻǸϻμĻˣһǾҪϻְ, ദĻᲢ, ˹ҲҪϻ򣴨
Ҫĸһ򣴨𣿡ز˳, źǶϱΪ֮, , زûоܾȨ
ĸδ޴ģ»Ƕѻ˴̷ĸ, ǻ򣴨پТɡ˵һ⣬ز
һ֪ĸоزһ, ¸٣ǳлϥ, Т˳ĸҲΪϱҪ£زû񲻱
زͷֻһЩС£㲻÷ġТ˳ĸ֮, ֻҪһ
˼زһ˵ǰź˼
Դز˵ʱ뷨̫ѵ, ϱ˶ٺ£ⱲӲܵõķ
ߣزðؿע⵽ز, ʵززôˣ
̫ϲɾáΪ롣ôģ͵ðѻ˵زһֱΪԼһĵˣ֪
ȢΪޣȻҪáʲôֵزϲģֻĦزͷȢޣԵһŻţ¾á
زΪԼջķϲദ˽˽ҵˣЩˣĺõʱҲҪãļ˺ã
ݼţزûţǰȥ밲˵񶼱ˣһƼң׼ʺá
лĸ׷ģϱһʺ
޻ţ˲ųţ˼ɫһ䣬һԵ˷Ըȥɺ
Щ㣬뵽շ±ðɣݲ˺Ϊ
Ҫշ£زƼңƼһƬЦƺףزµصززҵزز㵽ҿɺã۸㣿ɺã
һͨʳزŵſڣƺͳˣʵʱϣزϽĵõģһжãѹģ㿴Ҳǻ𣿡
ʲôãһ㻹ûҡҺڰ޳ȥˣҪǸ˵˵ǼסɡǼҵլӹסƺһ˵˶ɵۣ
̫˼㣬ʼ˵ˡ㣬򣬿룬˵ĻطϣطϹؼʱȻҪɳԲ
ʲô취أһƺ˵Ļɵˣ˭뵽ƺôһ
롣ǱɵĻ˵ûعƺһҾ룬ʲôȥ˵ǻƼס¾޿ܡ
ҾôһŮһŴȸ֮ģ㿴ҪƼס°ɡ
Ϊӵɡ
УܶƼҵ
׵׵ܹһ㣬Ҫ
ƺⱻòͷʵʲôæһȰؼס¡˵ʲôãʮ²żңʲôҰµġٿ㰢㣬ڼҵʱʲôõģ
ôԵӣѵ˰ɣ
زѾ˵صףʮ²żѧ飬ø˵Ǹӵܣ滨Ƶء
ðĵ£ʶ֣⣬ڼвʸ˭
׵֮û׵̫ݣ̫ˣ
㰢㵱Ҳ飬ûʹңƺزֲûŮŮͶʲôһĶʶ֣һʣһȴʸû꣬Ҫǻ㣬ضҲȽϰɡ
زû뵽ΪûʹԵƺƺҽҲİ
ҶģôУɶҪ˻ļѵģȻҪŪһЩǲ˵ǲ֪زΪ뽫缤ƺüһ
˭˵Ҳģ˭˵Ҳģɵ᲻⣬ƺɫԶԣôܻ᲻ᣬĵûᣡ
ᣬɶˣɶһ굽ͷҲûڼңƽʲôⶼ̲ǽ̽ɶԹԡزƺ⻹ɵ׶ӵ
ӻ׵ģֻǱزһʡ»£෴ԼﲻæƺΪģʳһһⶼƺΪѣƺⲻӣ
ɵҪǵõȰţѧˣž
⻰£Ӧȴƺһһѣز
Լҵ׵ıǺθܣ
ͷһۣȴϲޱ飬ı֪뷨û취ģ
ôڼѧȥϡ£ƺ˻һ䣬ȱӣٲ˶ӵ
ãȵززҪ᲻Ҳ᲻زɰȥ
ɱͷˣ֮ز⣬㣡
׵۸ʱҵֻزƼҵʳȻʱʳĵ£ȴߵزԡ
ˣزߣƺززСǷû£༸¾ͺã㲻õģ
˵׼֣ɻĶ㵽ز׽סزѣ㣬㿴
زȻƼұǳ£ǲǽе⣬ΪʽŮһƼŵӡ
ʲôʲôʱһĺȳ⴫ȴȴһֱûܵȵ߳Ʋ
һ£ƺӵĶסϽµֳû£û£ززء
£Ϊ̷Ӷӣƺ˵Ҳǲ˵̫׵ġ
ƲֲϹܿƺ⵽ʲôָƺȵ
ֳлȻֻһ֣ȴǲҲģͷɥȥĩ˲һ񣬸ţûܻʱ
ǣ뵽زһ͵ûңƺͰ͵Ʋа취ززǼס𣿡
Ʋ
ͷˣôֱʵ˳Ʋˣƺ⡭
һͷҾ᲻زز˵ǼҾӣززסð
Ҳ˵ӣɶأǺ̬
Ҹ˵ҰɶǼңǰززв
쿪ƺ⻰£һƬţѾ˵İɣ׵Ȼ˼ȥزǼ⣬⣿
׼ҹǿ϶⡣
ǰԾ˶ûҪô㻻㰢㡣ûáƺıһλ
лҪ˵ɣǼģ
ƺ⣺ǰǼģߣ

040Ǻ룿

Ĳ, ϧƺز֮ƺҪסŮ, ȴϡӡ
ֳҪǺ, ǰززӻؼң뵽öӻŮǲе, Ǻð, ǲ, , ĺã
㣬Խ˵Խ񻰡ƺһ˵ƺǻ, ָƺ˵

Ǿʲôºʲôϵ, ΪʲôҪ
˭żزز޳ȥģڼ޳ȥˣĺŮ, һѵĻʲôʲôƲöҪ, ûƺ˲׵ˣúõڳʲô
ٸҺ, ұؽȥƲˣָƺ޲øƣ˴ˣ
Ȼ뵽Աߣزɣ
˵ƺû׵, ܲܰӲˣ
Ʋ֮ƺⶼˣزͰ͵ģҼززõĹŮ
ŮٺҪ޵ģ㲻ٺ֡Ʋһ;òԣ̳Ծ棬ƺˣͬʱк
ڣԳȫƺ⣬֪ӦԲǣƺһһεˣβľ
ڣƼһп׵ˣҪƺ˵㣬Ĳܣ
ȳƲҲΪûлᣬƼһķӦȫûʺõĻᣬʱڹһҾ
񣬿к˸ϽĽһѵԲ컹زŴϲɲŮòģһˣ׮ܳй͵أ
Ʋ뵽ѵ¶ЦݣزǼ񸣸
㲮ĸںԺȥɣЩҪ˵ƲкزϽĻȥһӶǲˣΪزһĺܸ׺ֵʱĳ磬䲻ס
زɵӦ£ɶ˵׽סѵ򣬽ߣǽȥ
Ǳܿƺģ׵һˣɲǵһףƺΪز޵Ҷѹţﲻ֪жٵ뷨ǲزͷϵģֻӡ
ɵ֮ǣһƺⷸʱĶԶһЩܲƺͲҪ
ģһչ˺ý򡣡زżİߵ˼뿪ڶһµģɴİһز֤ԼҵĽ밢׺һţ˺ԼĽġ
ɾ븸׺ɶˡزŵù׵ܵģٱ׵ɿöˣҪҲк
ױʾףزԺȥܽ涼ԼҵˣƲݺݵصƺһۣƺһĲأûɣǿǺã
ǲˣô
ƺȣزصԺƲĸĵ⼸ΣҿΪ
زһһܵ˵ҵ˴µһȻ˴ãع̫ܵ࣡
Ʋĸ˹Ҫ򣴨һȥ
⣬ǰزʱɾ˵һȥ
ǾͺãǾͺã»Ҫദĥϵʱʱط־ӣʵˡܶã
ǰһزõˣǴã
ңҪصǼҸ۸㣬㲻ţԻңƼҲǺ۸ġƲĸһǶزС̫ҪҸ۸زԲ飬һҪ˺ÿ
زһæصĸĽ̵ززˣҪǸ۸ңҾͰ˶ȥ
˵ҵˣһĺܲãǼҵҪǸҶ㲻ӳȥ˭뵽زһȴƼҵǷġ
֪һƲĸţͻȻһ£֪һ
ز֪ϻرܣʱ¶
Ʋĸ΢΢һ٣֪Ը⣬ǲġ
ʵزƲĸͦزƲסģҪǱ˷û˸ȢǰֻŻϲزˣ֪£ڵ֪֪ģִ֪Ȣزǲġ
ز
ܿƺ˵ЩƲĸʹزڲûסʶһ䣬֪Լȷزܲܿס
ܵģزܿ϶ظƲĸҲԼ̫һСֳŬѧſƣܹȷȫû⣬ܿס
Ʋĸһܿƾͺãܿƾͺã
˵Ƣܺã㼱ܲˣܿƺܲһֳ֮ããƲĸĵľһزСĿƲסֳˣǿҽ
زʣôײУ
һһƲĸ¾һһֻزƲסԼ
ġɱ£زôܻӺʹزûԼŭƾ˽⣬Ҫִ˵֮ǰ˽˰ɡ
ͷһز˦ˣǱƲĸ״˰ɣǲ˺ģҲ˺
ĿֿؿƲĸزصĸΪҲģززףԣ벮ۣò޲ڵˣˡĸģһӵıݣҲҺõġ
ûһⶼûУ
ƲĸزȷʵصͷǾͺãǾͺã˵˵ΪϱΪ֮
زСûĸףƲĸĸһ㣬ʱʱؼǹ£زȫϣƲĸڣز¡
ز޵ʱƼҵ˶ˣֻǽջţ˲̫룬ճ׽˾ôƲĸز˵һЩΪ֮˵ҲùȥеĶϱҪˣǳŶģƲƺһкҪЩȥ
زƲĸȥƲĸһ֣£ŮҪ߹һģ߹ͦͻã
ǣززˣƲĸĻز뵽һ仰ǧϱţ·ƺ߹ȥģڣһҪߵ飬ã
ززƲĸˣزԺ˼ز΢΢һ٣ѰȥͨŲǣزϽվ߹ȥ
ɾһԵ̴ӱģزȴӿǣ
ززૻһزӦţԸȥѳµѾǰһ͹ȥ
ȳ㣬ǰԺ˻֪ȳʲôز͹ȥӦһȥ졣
زţ׶˵һҪúô㣬ǸҴ㲻ãĲҡ
ûеĻɾҲúõشҵġزӸزĻҲȥˣЦ绨صǣһúôززġ
˵ǰһգһزĴ䣬ز
Ҫˣå


041³

ˣزΪĳҪˣå, ȴ֣زھȵصΪΣ
øװм, ֵ໤Ů֮, ѵãز, زȻһԼƤͦ, ʱȴҡͷû˵ôã
ԼǸʲô˭, , ͻȻزԼôһ¡
벻ãסֻǳزЦ, ز
ɾˣЩЪ°ɣ, ϶ǺˣÿʼһĿˣ
û뵽Լ޵ĻزĶﾹȻ, ȴֻͣǳزţͷЩʹ, ˣ
Щ£Ͼͺá
ƺ˵һЩ, زǰ
һֱԼ۹⣬֪ԽԽš
źٻصңȴźüûܿɩ, زղûʣϻǹزôһ¡
ԭΪԼұõ»ģ뿴С·ջĸѾ˽գڻ򣴨ǰ˽Ӵвĸ˵顣
廹ϵ˵д·飬Ͼ´µֵʲôһЦԼҳ޵Ů죬ֻҪ£һ˻ƫ
ͼңôҵ˹ϵһֱǢ֪زŸռңҵһʱģزԳڣһЩز֪ǻûü֪£øز
زȻûʲôȴԲµɩ²ҵ£˴ŭ£пܾ»֮ҹ
ңز˭
ΨһпܿЦֻһɩϾǰֳѱŪңֻΪزôһѵ˻£Ż£ҲһûԵֳ
زţ˵عܣҲᣬǵ˵ĸǰ밲ûпҲֻʲô֪
˰ѵúͿ棬زʵڣαػҪֳֵòɿ
һС´󡣡ز֪ɩĴĶûҵµ£뿴زЦȴûҪز˭
زʧ񣬿Ǵ鵱գҰ磬է¸·
ǣǻһСΣϵĴ˺Ķ࣬һܿһ֣
·õ˱Լˣ͸˿ڲĲŽᣬЦҡ
ڿڶЦصǰңԼңʧ棬ֻԼЦȴԼֻһˡ
ǲ̵£һ޽ҶˣڻԼˣңֻһйеԹޣ˺ġ
˵ˣվҪǰȥ᲻᲻ãϺЦȤջٹˣ͵ȥʵ۱ز᲻᲻ã
㵱᲻ùزϡ
̾ãǴڶɾȥ£޻١
üŪ۵ƺز治ɫصҵϲģ
òٵĲòٵĶ٣Żʵұ¶ڻʵǰĵó裬ҵףƼ˲Ǻ۸ģҵúúôزȻƼҵ÷һҪ
ز˵һЩС£Ȼ쵽׳ʲôźãز˵˼˵ôߣͰ͵ؿزǻǱ˵ˣÿ쵽㣬ܳԣ
ز
СİҲɳԻ˰
ϱɳԻһõú̫ԣһʱҲʵŰɡ
ȥˣΪ˵ĵһ죬زñҪ磬æ׼ѣ㣡
⼸̻زѬ㣬ǷĹزΪζôڣ
𣿡زıȫز뷨ЦززϿɵصͷ㣬㡣ϣһζ
ãֻǽزڻѯزز̧ͷã
˼תزϹٷֻһعѣʲô٣ȴһδϹٷһ仰û˵زȴܴпһǰδеļ
жԣΪ٣ΪΪǺεȵ֮£߳һ
˵˵ִᣬգΪжλ˳Աҹϵĳ˵һ
زΪϵѣ֮Цá
Ϊֻ쿪ԵΪ
õزһãĿ⾡ºͣ¶ЦݣڼУȥĸ׾ȥϱǿһˣ
ãһãȫٶ䣬زȴڼҽ۸˭۸ң
֪ʵģҺγղ˵Ʋƣ
ĸ׹վҪ򣴨ɩվͻ̣Ժֻһڡ᲻ѹ
ϱʱңλѹزΪȻҪǶˣһ⸮ææȻкܶ£زԼãû˹ܵӣ͸ǰƼһӡ
ĸ׻Ѹ½㡣뵽һ£ġ
ãزһơ
ҵԶĸӡԼ֪Լҵ£ֲûֹҵ¡
Ҹĸѧĸ׽̵֮󣬾һʱᣬǻɾɾҲزʣԼܲã˽ڣʲôµģ
ʵİ벻Цˣǰôѣܰز
شزüЦģָüۣ֪Цʱжÿ
ɾҪˣٲŸˡһȥְٵǻ˲õӡģģزȴż
¡ʱţٵģزɾ᲻ҵģ
⻰˵һ٣֮ز˵𣬡ڻ֪ҡ
Ϸ˵زǱϷˣɴ۾Цˡ
˵ոǱϷϷΪʲôӣȴȻ
㣬ɾҪǸϾ·ϳԡزǰӣЯӦһԹزĸʳٳĶʣδй˵šüͷ
زԣֻ̧ͷšüͷ벻׵ʵôˣ
¡е뷨˵زţľһģԼ֪ͺã֮ڿڡ
ޣװ𣿡زȷʵûʲô£лһ׼Ķ׼
ӣ׼ˡزķԸװã͵أزӦһڼĿԻƼҿ
лҪ˵زɾŵĵһ죡

042

, Ƽһˣȥż찡, ڻƼʡ
زЦãǸɾ, Ҫڸǲ¿, ҳĸ, Ҹøĸѧѧ, ҪȻɾҴլˡ
˵ƼҵĻ͹ز˵, ʱزţҲȷʵҪ˶˽ҡ
ǰǸմ飬л, ȻӦСദʼ칫ȥ, µӲ࣬͵׽ʱزİ
زŽʱûնġ
Ҳ, ǵٴƼҡҴӦģһչƼҡ
ֻ˵, زһֱѴӦĻϣԾıʾ, ãزܻϲ
ɾҶˣֻǣɾز뵽һֱеǵһ, ˵ڵģܻ뵽ʱһš
ţ˰زȴû˵ȥ˼
㻹ǸϽŰɣʲô½ٸ㡣ѰʵĻٸڻ̫ˣ
Ҳԣزż˵£ֻ治żڵҪţһʱ
ˡĥã̴͵Ȱˣڳţ̴ӵѾʳУȻʳУܻŵһζ
Сؿڸ֮ˣȻŵζջûסתͷʳȡһӳһҧ£㣡
زģû뵽ȻתŰӳӣĿǾȣȴֺܿػع
壬壬ˣˣͬһٷԺлţĿƾİϡ
Ϊһٳˣݻɵ˱ء
ʱȴǿӰӣ
ŲȻ԰ӵĶȴʼӿ죬ȴȻţ
塣׼ʲôҪûˣԼҵˣƫƫߵ۾ʼƮʳаʳУ涼ǺóԵģóԵģ
ڵȵߵǰļ׷ʣȴ̴ֻŵʳйȥͲ
ɾĪżӱһݣһ˵ٲţҪˣΪ͢٣˵ǶûϳʸȴҲðʱһܳٵ
;̴ӵĻȴ嶼ˡ
ɾǶˣ̴ǰ˵ӹҲˡ
̴ްûĳԻΪ˳ԵǶ˲ϡ
ɾֲ˵һҪͬ⣬Ծ͸¡
ƤͰ͵ض壿
һ岻ΪһڳԵģ᲻ŵİӵĵһۣ֪Ҫʲô
һԼһô˵ҲԼֶʽˣһԸɡ
ãĵسһ䣬˵شʳУһӼҧޱȵصվǺãʲôʱҼҷĺգҲһи
ĽĿΪ֪⼸ճԵúã̸˵أݵжˡ
ټʽˣǰ;ƽ彫ֻӵĺãϼӺã
ζ֪ʵ˼԰ӵĶһ㶼Ȼˣ·Ķͬ
Ҫÿյ㶼һݣϰز˵㣬ҲǣԵ㶫ĶӲǰһǳʹԵĶȻȻҲˣɫҲõöˡ
롣磬һ˳ţ㣬֪زÿնϰߣʱ˵ز˵ĲǺ޲һһԼҵסһ𣬾͸Լҵһʳ
ͺãҵ򲻿ܡ
ڵȻңϣʳͻʳֱ׳䡣
ֱǲðҶԼĴã֮õİ
֪Ҫô
ôŴ
кηԸֻ˵ֻҪÿմһ㣬ʲôԡΪ˳Եʲôܸɣ֪򲻿ܺôһǣֲûԼҵӹϰߣûʲô˵ġ
ûʲôƽ֬ˮۣһݵӣȫдϡ˼ȥûز͸ɲУƽպϺúһף뵽زױ̨ϲ޶ٵ֬ˮۣزһݡ
ף͸԰ҿÿμδĨ֬ˮۣȷϲ뵽ȫûѶȣ˵صͷʾû⣬ȫ԰Լҵһѡ
ؼزϲǲϲҪǲϲͰ״ˣ뵽ö˰ˣüĲȥǶزǷ޵ĺ£һ±ȽϺã
ͬزƺôϲۣ
ǣزһ˿ĵ
ǣô죿
šüͷһʼ뵽֬ˮۣһ˽⣬ȫæҪزϲҪʲô
ֻ֬ˮ۵ģк֣ܶܶ඼ǿ͵ġüͷӣΪ·ţ˵
֪Ӧô죬ȫ֪Գһõ⡣
Ӵװ׵أû뵽С꣬˸տʼʶǻܹΪһȫûлᣬѧüãһˣΪ±ţȻ
ⱲǶûȵ̣û뵽û뵽Ȣϱĵ˾Ȼˣء
̧ͷһÿɶı飬ʲô⣬֤ᾡĵؽԼҵġ
ֻһ⣬ֶǸɿ
˼ȥΪɿֵˡ
һڵ̵û뵽ˣôУΪĺ뱲ѰʳĻᣬÿ춼ܳԵԼĴûᣬ
岻ˣż׷ʣԼҪż
һֱܸˡ˵һʵزûа㲻˵ӣġ
ǵĶǲö𣿡
Ƹʱĸ׼һ壬ǰɡ룬ǰЩѾõ¸һ
Ҫⲻ㣬ⲻ㣬ֲ͵ģֻƸѣ׼ã
ٴεҰ˽
̫⻰˼еĶģҪһԡ
ǡΪʲôͻȻ֬ˮۣ
ƽտʱͣҲͣã㲻˰ɡԼҪˡ
ǣʣҪһ͸ʵģ
ΪΣżӣֻ֪ǰô£
лҪ˵Ϊʲôģȴżģ
ΪǳԻ

043

뱲ûȵֽ˵ʱ, ڵȵȴ, ܲż
ɨһۣΪһڳʳʲô
˵, , ҲΪĸãֻҪǵĸ, ʲôɣΪԼ, زĸ, ģȻϿ̫ı仯ûһ쵽Ѱ鷳, õ¡
֪ͣνһ, ˣԼҵֶӴһɿ, Ҫ֣󻹻Ѻֻɡ
㰲һЩйְæˣ
ո岻ǻ, Ҫ壬ҪһĲ, һ㶼ʵˣ
һɨ㾿кͼ
ĳ˾Ϊһڳʳˣû뵽廳
Ϊܷһ㡣µ, Լҵǰٶ˵ֵһᣬʵ
εҡҡͷǣ
˴Ȼ֪ЩֻܿȴԲǺεȵĽԹسڣ
Ͳ㣿ίʵûסʳΪ죬ů˼
㡭ǰĻˣǾƫƫһصʥ˶ƣɫ֮ʳ֮Ҳ
ˣ壬ǱܻͼΣ˵ΪҪһ£ıܻͼôˣ
ٹܲס죬һڳʳ㡣ͷϵʵûסسԸ룬ùŵԼ죬Ҫ˵֤ҲܳԵزκγʳ
죬̱졣һѾζ˵ˣʶʱ
壬һٳԸ𣿡˵ĿյǶ˰·ˣζİӣϽһ䡣
Ż˵ģã˳ŻֺãΣֵ԰ɳ԰ɡ
ŸϽϣٿûģ
һţز㵽˵Ժ밲Ƿϣ˵˼ţ򣬼ز˵سֵض°ɡ
˵˵öزǸ˰߹ȥ˵ǶһϣǼԺ£ܣĪ٣˵ҲڸǸؽǷȥ
ˣūҡ˳Ǹزء
زˣֻ˼
ЩĿЩҪĻȥ˻ºȦȿʲôľңµĵʲôʱпʲôʱ򿴣ż˰˱ز˵˵ЩҪģЩǲҪģزӦ¡
˼زӦùɣҶ½ﲢȣ뵽ԼҴĶӣزѹ
һսɻýţ뵽ȻҪ˵زԭЩŵģǺ־òôţɾ˵Ըִᣬ²Ÿտʼ
һЩ˵Ĳ٣һЩȻزԼġ
˵СǸˣ¶ԼİţǵĸĶ֣ȻжܣֻҪ´ãҼɡ
ǲز̫ѹֻز԰ĵĹլ£²ضܣԼӦǡ
زӦ£ÿ˶ԼĴ취լ֮ҲգǰҲãʵǻͨģڽزҪҪ£زԼ£²Ҫִ
˻˽˱زϣزлλ֮֮
㿴ʲô벻׵ֻʡ˵˼ȻزƤӵ¿˱ˣûŰزŻȥ
ز˵˼ȡ˱ڼеʱ򣬼ׯӣһЩСӶزڹܣʱҵ˱ȻӴЩҵҲһЩزǴпһЩ
Ȱ˽Ҫ˱꣬زʵĸףƺЩ⡣
һ仰Цȷʵ⣬ȥ˵ʱֻһ˱ˣѾáµĻ𣿡
ززֻܷſ˵ز½Լֵⶼ
һһΪزڼܹЩׯӵ£
ĸףСʱϲʳ㰮ׯȥ¶˽⣬ڼҵʱҲ︸״ӣֻǶһЩСӣȲҡ
زȷʵܹһЩӣƺزģĲز棬زҲͲض档
ţԽԽ࣬漰ҵͦ࣬˽ĻҲͦ࣬ȴҲΪˣزǿףҪˡ
˹ܼҶ꣬˭ܹܲ£ڻ᲻ῴ˱Բ˵زῴ˱һͶڼеʱѧѧûᡣ
ãָ죬½㣬Ҿ͸ġ㾡񣬲Զ򣴨Ҫ£Ҵʱ򣴨ˡ˵Ǹϲ򣴨һ㣬˵򣴨ԵǸˡ
زϱһ֡
ţǹ֮ضҵĸ򣴨ô˵ֻҪ򣴨ֻܹҪҲĶû˾ûˣ⡣ˣزԵЩȵؿˡ
翴±ػң˲Żἱڸϻ򣴨Ϊ˸Ұ·
ջزȵĿ⣬ѵø˵صҵˣǱб޻ͷһһģҲطϡ
Եز̫Сǰɣ
һˣǸʳģܺЩ£Ϊչ˺˸һϲ˵Ļת̫죬زܸϣͷæصǣĸ˵ģҶ¡
Ǹʵĵĺӡ˵ʲôزӦ£ĻǼ⣬ῴԽԽϲزˡ
ûĸ׽̵Σһ˵ӣ̬ԶһЩﶼҪҪزһĵˣ˵һĲѵõġ
ҪЩұǣõģӽҰտԽϲ˵Խ⣬ز
ų׾ͱ˴ҪӣزԼСʾҪ
ˣһֱһҪºˣһʲôˣǺӣӵ°
ôС壬Ҫ˺ӣزɲô磬ôõİ취ʲô
õİ취ǸЩʱҪӣùҪ
СȭزΪԼС룬һҪ˵ȴ֪ǽȭͷһҪɵӣ˵ȴȲҲҪӣ˿ǻϲزǳôÿĺһܺÿ
ֻ˵һᡣ


044

ز˼ʲôʱҸ˵µĺ, ô˵һˣʱ, е̫ɨˡ
Ǿ͸һգѰõʱ, ٰЩ
, ˵ҪȥҴ֤̫Сӻ׶, ᲻֤ûأ
µǿԷһ, ڰºɩ򣴨ȥ, ͷβزûܼλɩ
˸ˣҵ, ̫ϲˡ
ȿȣزȻڶһ˹뷨, ҵ˹ƫе, ôزһ˵ҸűҸϹҪȻˣ
ֻ, һ˴ˣԵø, زҲֻܼܵҵ
ǹƽʱĻ٣زֻҪÿ˹絵ûʲô絲ĵطɡ
, زĺһ絳ԵöˣԵһ࣬ȻˣһԼСھᣬӦüĳԻҪһЩҲԵĺã
ʳǰ²һԻڳԵ׷;߱絲˵زĳʳ̫óԣŰɣ
ҪҲԲôóԵʳӿôֻѡ֣ȳԺúȺòҪġ
Ȼһعֻܵǻʵ۵鼮£ȴʱԽԽһֱüͷһպز˵𣬡٣ǻ򣴨𣿡
һʻز붼ûػشҼɾʱɾҲû٣һǼˣ
˵˵ǣҵʱҲδˣ²ǻصԭӡ壬ǻȥЩҪ㡣
ǳ˼õ£Żٻ򣴨˻򣴨ģǼȻѻ˵Ǵ⡣
زûжʣһ£˭ٶǺõģزǵܹ뿪һһص򣴨ȥʵͦõģҪܹȰƺҲһܿǾˣ
ȥףЩҪ㲻صңЩ˯ɡõز֧֣еĴʯ£ز꣬絵Ժȥ
زⱲ󺺣û뵽Ҫȥ򣴨ۻ֮أڵе֮࣬
УһϲŮɣһŮ˵Ǿ޵ĻҪص򣴨ǿԼһ
زҲǹģ´ңҲΪˣŻἱٹ磬ٶٵΣգǵϸˣҲĴÿԡ
ǹһ£̸³Ҫǲǣ̫ѲǾ뿪
±ؽңʵʵȨûʵ۵ģҲı䲻ʲôΪ壬õİ취Ǳ֮âܳΪӣһͶԸǡ
̾һ˵ص򣴨´ңһǶһӲ
ȱܻأһ뷨ֻǻûȷûȥʱ򿴿áһȻ򣴨һܣȻҪ취Ѱһܱܵĵط
ã͹ȥɣҵÿǣｻҰɡ¶ģȥܵԼ취ԼѰ·Ǻã
ﲻԸȥ˵˼絵ȰȰͬ⡣
Ӧһ뵽һ£Ƽȥһˣ˵£Ƽһˣã
ȥ˵һֻҲСƼңƼĸţǼܱȵġ򣴨ȥزģδػԸ⡣ΪƺⲻᶯĵģƼҵ˵ǲߵġ
Ҫһ벻ǡ뷨絲ܾͬ÷¶ӦʣԷǸʲô̬ȣôǶԷ£͵ʡ
絲Ƽҵ£зִ磬ܲġ
زӣһƼȥƺкƺҲڼҵġ
ֻԭΪƺʱƺⶨһӣһμţƺѵðһһġ
زһƺֵЩ񾡿ˡ˵Ļö£εļס
زһȵĲϰ˵µƺ⣬ʵǳʲô£
廰žǡƺѵزȱ𿪿ڣѻ˵꣬òװһ𣿻Ϊ˱ԡ
͢ԽˣеЩ׼ҵ˼ѹٴˣززɶ򣴨ƺĻ£زֻż׷ʵǵأ
ҲߣƼҶҲ߲ˣòŵģһӶûʲô¡ֻǼϲˣЩСߣǶٺˣɶͽúܺãɶ´ࡣƺô˵زȴˣҪˣ
ƽǲôزš
£뿪ôңƾҲû˸ûʲôµġɶչˣҪǸҲ㵱ֻ
룬ƺװҲۣʱǻָ˱ԣزأ
ǲߣǶˣǶ߲ˡϵĶǹٴ̫ˣܵòκ˵ע⣬ֱǳ˵Σˡ
ز᲻£
ĵĪڴˣƺҪ㲻ǳ˵б𣿼ʲô˵ʲôܽô䣬һȻ䣬󲮸ڣҳʲô
һȺϵ˭֪ʲô£زĿ⿴ƺ⡣
ƺֵʲô£ΪܰǡֻǷģԽ࣬Խû취ȫԸ鷳
Сǵһƺ˵鷳Ļ
زףĺΣգƺⲻɶǵֻΪǰɴߣ
ãҺɶ뿪ܷģһߣز϶ظƺ⣬޹ƺ˼ֻԹԼûа취ﲻƺ⣬»ƺ⻤
ãززǶ££㶼ģҲöཻʲô׼ãѸ뿪ƺⶣһҪ뿪
Ӧǣ
ǻû׼ãѾʼ˵ңֻԽţԸһ򣴨֪ôȰͬһȥˡ
ƺһֱϵȰ·ٲߣ߲ˣһ㣬ѡʵӣżһ򣴨ȥ
ʱƺزضززչ˺Լʲô¶ɶǰ棬ʲôǵš
زܣƺ˵ŲĻһЦ
԰ززҪһЩ˵ľǿЦƺǹ˵ĻزģزЦˣҲһЩתͷɵʱƺȴصסˣҪס㰢㣡ҪаʧĲ㣡
ɡٶȻԼǲǼġ


045ܰԻ

ٻʱҲ˵, ֻܹԹԵһҾǣˣ
֤ǵε, һӶǡ
ƺ⻹̬ȵģ˳ɵúö, ǵ, ͬȻ㻹˵е㱾, Եȴѹû
ͬ˱, ˱
ɺʳ, ջסˣʳƺҲ׳شһ, ƺˣѹ㽲
, ֻǲӵĽǵ˳һ˳
Ӳ, ƺˣزȻԹ, ܾ뵽£ԲŻżİززȢؼ, ǹⲻҶززڻ˴򣴨ȥǾ͸Ѽˣ
Ͱ͵ϵףֻǺЦƺһҾ, ƺ˵ʲô粵ϱȢˣûþҪϱϼңټ֪ʲôʱ򣬺αس
ֻ򣴨ط̫ƽ˵´ңǸ֮أˣƺһһ䲻Ļʳ°̾ٴƺһҾԣ
ðɣ㶼˵ˣɣôʲôֻȥɡƺֻδ뵽⣬뵽ػ뾡취ãûʲôĵġ
һҾأҸھʲôλһŰ졣
Ů׼ңΪ˸иֶΣµͷص취ıôһɹѹزǶҪ¡
ˣһ·ȥСЩҲô̫ƽƺ֣Ѵһ·ȥҲǵѴֻȫֻǶƽ
ŵˣǲȥĶҪҡƺ⻹˲˻زɣƺЩȷʵ²ټҵףǮˡ
ǻġܶһӦ£֤һƺ
ƺɵͷǷ뿪ˣʱٴξϯͰ͵ؿƺ⣬ƺȴѹһɺϣжɷ򣬶صģѪᣬޣҪǿ˾ͱ˵Ҷӡ
ŸıôһҪǻܱ˵й̧ͷƺ⣬ƺɴ۾ؿôô㻹ӣϽģ߰ɡ
˵ԼתͷûҶ࿴һۣĺǣ뻤ŵĺӣû취ٻˡǣֻҪܻţҲҲûϵ
ƺԽԽֱͦűȴûһͷеᣬŬסû¡
ҪأҪǡƺⲻ뿴Ϊʲôزƺ⺰һƺסǽܻһֱǵġ
áƺȻûлͷֻǻӦһãزģȥģһȥġ
ƺⲻٿǵӣ¿ƲסûͣزȥҪߵġ
ɾСӺСɾˡƺţͳûһͷֱߵ˸˵ˣתͷ
Ͱ͵ԽԽԶԽԽСһˣƺҲƲס£ҵززҵɶ
޵һѱһģж᲻ð
ɾ㷽Ž̵СɾжѪᡣߵ̴ӿƺ޵̫һ̶ӵĻ
ƺɫشҽ̶û˵ҪԼҵززҵɶ
һ󰧺᲻ĺˣ᲻ҲᰡҪȻڳһɣ
ƺԼҲ⣬Ůͱǿ޿޾ͺã
̴ûʲô˵ģ˫׼ɾֻҪǵСɾûԼҲҪǻʲô˵ġ
زһʼ뵽ҪŮʱţƺһ֣ȫû޵˼ţͷһܿƺӰõվԭû
һڿޡز˵һԵŮĪޣɾбµˣʲôµġֻҪСɾƽƽģܱԼ
ǰһ£Ҫܻףֻ׸ģǾ뿪뿪ŷġزγȻôԼ̫ãڳ֮͢ϣزȷʵﲻæ
ֻҪԼΪ˵ӣƺΪòһЩĹˡ
زţһӰŵزһʱһ˭
ɾôˣزع㡣
ŮһϽ³ѿռ޶ˡ
زס֣òزǿŲĶ
Ī£ҡò˵ĸ֣زͰĸˡ
£ܷʲô¶ҪҡزĹ鰲ģܻҪģҪ֪һһΣ۷ʲô£Ҫһʱ֪
ãΪزһµˣ֪ģһһ
زɶɾģʶ֣ɾһ֪ǣʶ壬۽粻̫խ
һҪǹغ£һδã
ֻһЩ֮͵£ûʲôõġ
ص򣴨ԴȥɾŮ𣿡ز𣬱˳ھҪһõزĻһջͬʱʵ˵ģ
ǹɾ£Щ˶ֶ֪ʲô֪ʶżңȻ֪ˡزˣšüͷҰ򣴨´˵֮˭š
һˣֻһпܣ⡣
ɾʲôǾô²Ӧ֪ǲȥزǹⶺ˵İʱ֪ôġ
߽ǡûаֳɵػشزɴ۾ڵ͡
ֻ֮ص˰ˣἰȻص˸شȥ
ιĳνİĽˣôôֱ׳
زǲززΪȥ
ʸ֮ܶزȴ˵Ϊ뿴ԼɾĺϷɣ
ͲսزΪΣزĲеԭ
ɾһжɾڣҺη֮С붼û룬زϽ˵شôڶΪȥ˶ѣֲʲô˵£һ˭ʲô°ɣ
ĪҪѰգһ֪νˣֵززѰա˭뵽һϲĽǾ޵ˣز˲ϲ
ĿɨزһΣյززƺϣϲ
뿴ϷˣûԼϵ˼زǿشУôᣬɾˣˣ
᣿زŪȥ
ɾɾɾĪŭĪŭۿҪز̰ܰˣ
лҪ˵ƣϿζʳ
ֻǸн顷ߣǸ
ֻǸн飬СûǮ
˵լʲôլҲ֪
ʬװլƮͷ­Բҿ
ⵥλиŮ컨ϣһעңڵģ
ʮһֱⲻȥͲ¥ÿ˳ܣֻСүҳˣ
ʲôλ㰮լ
ŶլȽ찡
ǸֲС˵ңסլȽУ
õĺõģʱɱޡ
ίۼ˵Xͨѧ׿ֲС˵Ҵй

046Ķ

ݺݵؽѵزһ, زεؼסˣ˵ϷԿ, ԼɾϷܿ
زԴֻ˵һ, ʲô, Ƕ, ˿Ķ, ʶ֪, еˣһƭ˵ģҲƭġ
, ʻԼ, ֲϲ˵ԵŮɶİĽصϲǲϲ, ģӦҪסġ
ŮɵҪʲôԼ, ǲ˵زز׵صͷ, ãǵˣôԾĲ, ȴһŲĶԸ
ʵ˵ûŮɵǺҪģһŮɽԼŪ˾֪֪⻹⣬Ϊˣõİ취ǵԼʲô֪ʲôȥܣ̫ƽ
ŮӵѵãȢȴҲò˵һΪ
ôףԼزӦΪܼ޸˸˲Ŷ԰ɣ
Ŀ͵͵ȥزز뿴ҿ⿴͵͵
ڱĿģȴ泤۾һزſȥȴѾ֡
ɾһҪ¡ز޷ͺԳ۾£ֻһ¡
ǵһز˵Ŀ˵𣬼۵£
򣴨ãزСʣززͷʵʵòԣ
ô뵽⣿˳ڷʣ֪زΪͻȻ⡣
ɾ˵Ļѵһûزֻ˵ἰƺ򣴨طþʾûһطȷʵþǴʲôʱң
򣴨ɾżҪĸǴ°ɣز˳˵Ļ²⣬ȫȷʱֻΪһ𰸡
زززĹ۲
ˣصͷܺãõززɱΡ
ѵһƭˣ
ѯʣôģôС
֪ززеʶȴ֪ززܼ΢ֻ֪һ仰ˣûͷûβĻ˲ϣܷϵˣáֻǷŸزڿزĻ
زЩ̧ͷȻܲΪɾеҵò
ǳǳһЦԽദԽǾزһأص̫ãѰ˾̽ܡ
ȢؼУޣлһķ֣ջжã
ҪǨ˵еĳͬЭܱϰȻزȴԼδܽ°ףΣҪģսҡ
زɾʲôȥһһֱվɾ󣬰ɾһɵġ
ǨǴ£¶ңѰطԼҲżˣ󷽰Ҫһչԡ
á²ûز˵𣬼ΪûҲΪЩ²ز԰æģֻҪز˶ãǣͿһչڣҪȫ
ϻ򣴨һ·ٵҲ˵Ľѵɫ壬ҵ׼ܽ˵С
ӦһĿ˸ž⣬ǿЩȻ񣬺βΪã򣴨Ϊ
á˼Ӧһãȥš
زһϢţĶһ̾û뵽ҳģˡ
ˣտ࣬տࡣز̾γΪ¶ᣬҡҡͷصɾǰæкˣʲô°ɡ
û£˲١ɶȥˣвˣ㲻ԼΣգǵһʱɵġ
ڶûпɣ鲢ء
򣴨кüյ·̣·ǧһٵĳ£ҪҶҪܲˡȻ˵£лһֱŵģϣͬ鲻ϵķ
ز޷жٵ£ôڣûʲôõĵġ
ϣͻȻزҧزһǾȣʲôʱ֪ģ
ǰϴϻźߣزżʵ֪𣿡
֪ģֻӻǳһ·Ϻϲʲô¡ôܲôҪ¸޶ȴһֱͷֻ⼸ռˣЩ¡
˵ģ׶꣬ڻϣǺиʲôأܰġ
ȥһˡزһҩˣϽȥˡ
ϲԵص֣ǣ
ҵʱ͵ˣ˵ĶҽɾŮҵΪĳǸŵùˣֻܷĵáز˵ˣǸżĴȥ
ϸ̾صá
زҲϣƺһ򼫺ã¶ǽܷǰͷ
ûһһͷİ׷̬ԣֻǽϵĲ
ӡزæزز֣Ϊ
ָϣûΪʲôֻǰΪһ̽ϲλӡ
һϲϾЦ⣬еģæص֣Щ죬㿴ҪҪ
ǸˣϾ˺Ӿһֵø˵£ǣٸ˼źˣҲϰµģûһ̰ȡ
زڵʲôֱ˵Ρ
ȷʵЩ̥ȣȥֻԽĲá˵Ϊ˰˶˵żٻˡ
һżˣϽ׽סز֣
ĵһӣǳʲôأһӶðżĿǰزز취
ĪĪ֣һи򣴨ǲܾģı̥ܲزȻͬģȴסΪи϶ˣҪʱزЩֻܱͷʹˣ
ޣֻ̥Щȶѣûʲôأǿʲô˰ɡ
زһֵҽ߸ĸģ㲻ʲô취һҪƽ
ǣͲǱӣϣѪ£ǰ˵ˣ
Ƿ˿ҵģܱ֤ŴСƽǷ
ʲôҶһ϶Ҫ˵ĻѾһرģôһֵĻ
ֵֻҪԸҵģһȫĺӡ
Ҫľһ׼ϰһزǾˡ
ңоЩ࣬żسϵˣˣʲô£
ûʲô£ɾġ
лҪ˵

047Ķˣ

ô˵, Ͼ˵Ҳö˵İֻ˵û, Īȥ
ûǻģˣǲǡֲɵ, ֻǿϵ, 뵽еĺ, ⼸ո·, ĪǺӳʲôˣ
û, ʲô¶ûУȰԼŵòˡ, һտģͰֵַĸ, Уزæסǵĺ˼룬Ƕֹסӵ뷨
ð, 棬Էġĵϳ£ز, ̶˵رʾҪϾزز
һ͵ز˵Ļĸо, 
زһεأҾͰԼˣ
ȵȣ⻰е㲻̫Ծ, ôܽأֲʲôܵˣ˽οɾˡ
زȻ֪ô£ƺ񣬶ֻزĸоʱĲףǹʲô£ܰͰ
ز˵һ䣬ɾ֪ұ·㿴Ƿһһȵģ
áߣֻһ֣ðɣӵ£Ƕûĸ½ŵҳæһģȻǱС˭Ƚȣǿ׵ӡ
Ǿͣôһ㣬һɡ
زôԼ¼ȻҪˣܵףǴСƽƽģǶҪ¡
лزͷӦ£̳زһҾлزӦ
æҪزѾһ˷ţͱˣٶһҵĸ
ᣬ˵̥ˣʱزϰһЩֻҪϿ԰ĵ̥ﲻźǱססĻܺһЩ
֣㿴ʲôѼϼܵزҪˡ
ҽ˵һᱣĸƽ֣زȻίΣӦóʾһ£һðͷˣͻȻ£ֻܶϣҶе˰æ
ز˵Ƚϸڷ˵ĳϣ÷һЩ򲻿ɵ档
һҪӣزȥеϸȫŵǷ˵ĳϣж̵ж
زǷԸԼˣϵһæ
ˣлزһأһҾǸлزֵĸƽҰһǡ
ֶһţһţʾС£Ҫزܱ޶ƽ£ʲôС
˵һԻƽʱһ£ؼʱǿ׵ģ
زӻæȥϰĴţ˵ʲôҪעģɲΪֻһЩϸϵ£ʲôʲôҪעİɣô˵
ֲزһһʲôʲôǲġ
ȽǱ߰׵ز׼ȥɵģСػһӣزعͷ
£زѯֵС⼸ĪС
Ӵز֮ǽһˣȻܲסûһʵĻ˵
ִʱһ㲦̫ˡţָ˵˵ΪʲôҺɾ
ôһ£ز£ʲô£˰ѱ
ӻСӹǻûſСžž˵һѵΪʲôˣزȫ£֣صֵлġҶˣǱ߻֡
СزǾãʱл֣ϣѾϣϾкӣΣϣܲС
ӷģһᾡġȻϣȴһʵʾͺϡ
ƺֵʱ˵ǿŵˣȴû˵ūͣ˵ǳңزףִǰֻ²ǵеˡ
زԳƣƽյʱֲһ໰ˣûʲô£Ҫڣ˵زʲô͸׿ڡ
ֻ²໰ˣ˷ķġ
һվסزɾһɾ
Ȼص򣴨Щ˵δô㣬زڵ򣴨ǰ˵ˡ
ͷزصززʲô˵
Ȼ׼ãǰûʲô˵ǿ˵ˣǣǻЩݡ
뿪ǰһЩˣһλλҽˣɾӡ󣿡زҧס´Ǿ˵ɣζӦ˵ûɲ˵ġ
زһΪѵӣȤúܣܺÿزģȤȤý
Щӡ󣬹ҵ¾ϣɻãȻ붺ˣҲ£˵ǲӦģȻز˵˳ʡ
ãԽԽõġز϶ظ˵빫ϱйأ
ûֱӵĹϵмӵĹϵһ䣬ЩĪҪӡزǹѻ˵û뵽ز˵ľȻǴ£ȵؿز
Ҫⶼ˵ˣزҲͽ˵ЩȫȻĴ𰸣ȴһˣûӦزô죬ֻٻɾ
ǻعˣѵصҲ㣬һֱҩ
زһӿסڷӦҩ˼һֱòزеҩ
ѯţЩ¸Ͷңѵϱţ֮Ȼżȴؼһʱ㳤˵أҲء
ҵйأ
زȫɵˣһֱô˵µʱԭң¶ôЩ£ȫûزսǵļžͿ֦ɢҶ˼
ϲ̫ͻȻһǼľϲº󻹲˽£̫˸˰
ز¶һĨĵЦݣɾǾ̫ˣ
Ե̫ˣزһֱǹҵĶ£һֱûô˵
ǰ˳ھʹزʶ֪Լˣ˰
ʲôѵģԼһֱ뷨ֻûѰʵĻ˵ôԼزǲӦһ£һֱΪѵ£ȴһֱûҪʵ˼صȰɣ
˵õʲôֱ˵ģ㲻Ը˵£ôʣȵԸ˵ȻҸ֪ʱ򣬶ãزʳȴˡ
زĪô£
ˣĶˣΪ׽ϵС£ΪǸظˣ
룬ȥԼµĴֹЩˡ
Ķزززһ顣


048Ҫ

, ҴˣҴڲɾĻ, ǵɾĻӦúɾ, Ӧò, ڲ˵زǾԼû, һϴס
һ, ķǡ
ι, Ŷķ˰Լ̫ﻳز, ȴʲôԸ˵ɶ
ʲô˵زûҰѻ˵, ֻﲻϵķ
ʲôû롣˰, һˣܺ˵ӣزȴǲĻ˵, ܾ˵һᱻͷ̧
︹̶̣ˣ
, ӦãӦá
л˵һεĽѵŹƻ󣬺زﻰ˵, ô˵á
زҡͷûСɾĻӦü£Ӧûɡ
գŴ۾ԼĿһ£ʮͬ˵Ļ˵Щ
üͷˣɣ˵ʲôʱزסˣһжá
λּЩ£Ϊ⼸ձֽ򣴨һûеĵطСˮزһֱû뿪ͻȻԶǧĽ򣴨ز᲻õġ
زͷһְҿģɶɾҶעһЩϲɾҶ
ɶ岻㲻õģһչ˺ġӦ£֤Լһúõչɣаֵʧ
лɾزһ˵һҾеʿķ緶
ε̾һ㰡ͻװɡ
ΪһͨĻû˵ǣȻ˵㲻ˣȵԺزϣ˵
زҵԼʲôûĿһµˣ˵ľģǡ
ҾͲָҩŶһµ°Уһ˶¡
ҩáҩֶĪһҩˣɲزҲãزСһЩزԹԵӦǣ
ҩֶԼҩֻδᣬز˵
ҽ첻£ɾʲôʱ˵ҩ£زͷʡ
һززҪӣżѰʱԻزز
Ǵֱ׳һ㶼Լﲻ׵
زΪβң
Ůɣ޼ӣΪֻӲڷ㣬ΪƴȫȻˡҲ֪زز᲻ͬ뷨𺢶ززҪҪӣȴززȥ
û뵽ֻһѣ˶黰زϺ죬Ǳĳ˵ĸŪġ
ӲؼһʱǷޣһǵزز˵Ļǰ·ΣǶͬСֻͬ·ϵˣǷֿǵˡ˵ţز໽ˣʲôˣĺ˰
ɾΪ룬Ҷ֪˵ЩʲôزжǱģǲ֪Ǻã
ȢززΪִ֣֮ϡЩΪΪ£ززȻ¼ɣα̫ࡣ
زΪΪжֻӦ£زĸжء
زɾ֪ϵˣֻһζȡ˼ɾңǹңֻ޵ĻϲȴҲŻر
ززÿΪ³׼жȶۣ˴֣γһ⡣زز˴ңҲûرززһزǳɻЩӣһӦԴöȣزǵӲģγһ⣬زһģرزѡ
ز˵գۣĵĻϲȴҲᵽʱеĻϲ
һ˵ĸܹܵףҼϣĻرˣˡ
ɾˡ޶˻飬ΪԷж֮ʱ洫ȴʮֽ
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塣ǡʱƺǣȴԵһЩزֻæɾ
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زҪŹ֣߳б䣬壬Ҫ̸ϻ򣴨
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زǺûǶлңһֲĴ£ʲôµġ
˵Ƕģòżǹǡ
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ززΪء
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ջ¶ģ̵ˡ
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ѡ˿ӱ޵ĸϻ򣴨ˣǻȥСġ
͹ҵ£ֳ׿ǲˣûռˣεȨ
ֻܷġӦ£һ·ȥ뻤زǣܻסġ
꣬ٲͣҹϼӱ޵ĸϻ򣴨ȴû뵽˲ŸߣڶȴѰֱʵڣ


049²Ҫ

ǰ·, ǿһҾɾ, ҼѾϻ򣴨Ƿ˵Ļֻ˵, ǲ, 絽򣴨ѰҼ塣
һ֮, , һ, һԵŮƻͦġ
ȻˣҲʶ, к̽̽Ѱʲô£
Ϊ׵һʮ, 緢ɾ֮šüͷڰ
ź, һи·ɾûʲô£á
Ǻ, ·зȵģɾ, ǿڵ㿴ż򣴨
Ҳ·ϲͻȻֳ·ǵг̣¶Щá
ɾ·, ȴûаֲ˼صʲôأ˵ȢˣǼλʲôŮҵۡ
⡣ҵϱ˵һ뿴ܿģĹҵ£ȴ޹أԣáһ˶·ϵǰΪʲôǲˣ˵ֻʶĸ·
˼Ҿλɾû뵽һڣĻ˵óŵؿȴֺγ͸
ҴȣŮŮ˿Ը⻹ǲԸ⣬ҵŮ죬˵뿴ǾͻġǿѣѵָҸ߸˵ӭǣһúãཻǰǵĸ˵ǲ˵ģǵҪȻ֪ΪʲôҪȴԸǡ
֪ļһûˣǵС
˵̫ʱһŮҶĽ飬˵Ļֻ㵣𡣡
ͲŮɲˣ˵֣ҵĳһͬ⣬ܲܵλ룬ҽ˵ǵ𣿡˭ģȴûа˼
صˣΪ¼˶һûûƤ
ȢزǰǽزֶӵıҪԼҵиΡ
㡭û뵽вв
ҵˣѵ˵Ůʧһ£Ůɻǲ֪ڸģҼСͷˣΪξεˣǰ£һ˵ϲ̨ģֵ˭ǰռռ£ǡ
ֻС£ֵǰȥǵŮڣȴ뻯ɸΪ񲯡
ܳһףĲܣ
Ů˵С£ȴ·ߣŮΪһС£ȴǵǻؼңܲ⣬ȴǽ⡣ջصУظ֪볤ȥָ˵ҵܲãĪҽǽˡ
˭Ը»СС»ˣǰ˸ϵԶԶģжԶϵжԶûôûûƤûаŮˡ
ԣģһֱҲӲԽ׳һܽ޷
ȴ֪¶ڳľٶᷳװ׵ĸҵˣǹܲסԼŮɣͱһ֣ʱǲʧ棬ֲ
ҲֻҵŮɰһЩӰˣ֪ף¸·ϣֵòɿˣ̫ˣ
ֻһ£ز᲻Ϊ¸߿黨ǲݣ
Ҫĸѣҵ˾񼫡
ĲлᵽزǰҵˣҲԲл֡
ǺڴˡŮմżԹؿڡ
Ůԣ֮װף˶ǵ·ѰҵˣŮɣ㻰е˼һжĴ˶ȸ״оŮɵİϷû湻
һŮǰָĻֲûʶ̽ӹ˱İϷˣɲһס
ɾõһľǲ֮
ȻǱȲɾŮɵģԽǵķ飬ǵķ飬ȴѰ˼ңѵ̷֮أ룬ɾʮһ̷ΪͣԼ飬̵Լ̷ͬһɣʧķ緶
һŶಢǰţ˽˵ͱǽһʹ
زͣʱ֣ʲôˣ
ǰһ֪ʱزûʲôоϵɫãزԴҹϻ򣴨һֱϹһŰæŵϣϵɫֻΪʲô
ôˣزĵ֪ǲﲻ̫ãиʧ
֪·ʲôˣҲʱ˵ڣԺ֪Ҳµʡ
Щˣ˯ϸɴ뵱Լʲôûֻ˯ˣͲõӦز
˯ɡزһЩˣϽ£ѱӸںá
ûô뿪ֻ˯šز˵һﰵܲ᲻֪ڵΣ˶˵һɣ
ȴֻӦһšϱ۾γżԼҵɾҪɿЩҪ뿪ʱֳʲôزΪǸᱡˣӰǷ޸ġ
γżذ˸ߣ
ǿͿĸ˵ȴһἰƷһ£ɾж̷ȥģѵֻҲ̷ȥǺˣǾͶϲ̨ˣ㣬˵ҪСһЩҲҲ
ɾڼҵʱŸȣֻһֱûźʵĻΪǣڵãΪ
̷ָȥȥôˣʲô£
ǰҲǿλӣȷִΪǳЦǰλǲҪôҵ˵ǰʲô̬ȣѵǻΪʧǰҵĳΪǳ˵
·˵״ûԵģ꣬ôλһ㶼Լﲻԣ
Цؿǰ治ԶˣɾѾָ˵𣿡
һֱΪԼһˣûǿȻǣΪһˣԼļˣʧ棬ߣЩʶˡأɾ㶼ʲô
û뵽һ쾹ȻҵôΪһˣǻ֮
лҪ˵ըë

050»

, ɾ㻹еӵģô֮, ˴غյĽϡ
, ̫ɶ񡣡ɾٿ, ȴΪȻЦ, ɶ, ˵ɶ, Ƕ·ߣ˭ɶ񡣡
˵һңͦ, ָǰ˵˭ɶ, ôͿɶˣ
㣬㡭·, Ҫ˵֮ɾôܻĶ֡
ʱˣɾżؼ, ȴżλ·֮˵, ˸·
ɾ벻˵ȴܲ˵ʱˣŮ̾һȢӲ, ȴЩСһ𳤴ĺѶҡ
ȴЦصŮ˵ģǰݷõˣԵǽ˶ڰ·˵㻹ǲ㣬ȫ޹صӣ˲ϲ֮αؼ㡣
زһñӣ˼ûԼҵҪθҵˣŰɣ˸˵ģżİã
Ůɱٸ¸ӵģû뵽û³ɣֽһΣȻŭġ
ĪŮ󲻿򣴨ټˣЩ뷨һֻûϸ룬żҪھͿزˣɰɡ
·Ϊ֮Ҳǣѣ˼ȥֻ뵽һܣֻһܣ˲òǰòżһҪزԭ
ӴˣǾ˼ˣҵºİߣ
򣴨ļ£Ƿʲô£ȻôıʣȥһҪ
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ĵİ֮𣬿ǶȴǱʹָڿҵЦ
Բӣ˵ʲôɾд˴ཻ꣬ݶǳģҪûʲôرԭûǱЩĻ˵ĺá
ޣɣͿϣҪΪ꽻ã࿴һۣ
Ȼſԣȴ˵ڵģ˵Ѱա
˵ǰǶΪԼҵˣ˭˭ƽϣ˵ǰȴ֪˵Լ鷳ġ
㡭ĻҪϸȷʵûʲô⣬ҪǸŲţԵǲ⣬һȥҧ
ֳﲻ뿴ǣСݶܣǲǿѣ߰ɡŮͨ
ȴǲмƲƲ죬ɣʲôݣŮ׷ϸŵݣЦ
빫ΪתһףףӰͷϣͬġŮٽرԼĴȣһŮˡ
װģùݵˣԽԽ˰
ô̶ɣȴ˵ֻصһת
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á뵽ö⣬ȴһֱ֮ģ»ףǣףʲô޲ͻǰɡ
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ʮֵģԶ˷ԸȥλΣĪҵ˷ϡ
뵽ԼҵķУزһֱϣ˹һһ·ϲֻһע⣬˷ǵȫ
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ˣҽһŮɷֶ
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ҪССġʮֵСͬʱԸеĻһҪ񣬵׿жԶߵöԶ
ɾǲǻҪҪǲ˽ӽǻôգ
ôһ⣬벻ڵô˻ۿԣ˵ҪǰỹȻԼСҪԼҪ
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û֣ȻҲͦģǸһá·ϣǼÿ飬ҲһǰʱһƵˣһ죬Լǰˣܸء
ززԼҵĵܵܣŰ
Ϊ㣬زֻϣɲУҪԼҪ̫ߣʵ䷴
û뵽ûҪ󣬵ɶԼҪɸˣǰʱΪѧǰûͬ˸֣û취ȴΪĿꡣ
ز˵ΪĿ꣬زֵ̫֧ġ
Ͼ׵ܵܣ˵ǲãǾԼͦõģѹûаԼҪĵط
ǣΪˣǵöɰ뵽ÿ£͸ƶһԼòۣزۡ
زȰ˵Լĵܵţû뵽һл𣬾زɶһ顭


051ϲֶ̨

, ˺ֻһȻһ, ûˣæ, ȷԼǲˣ
زҲˡ
˵, ڳϢŵҲ̽ͷ, Ѱķ, źһ
ֻһû, е㲻ʵҲȷһ¡
Ҳˡˣزŵһ, ϻźӣ̥Ͳ, زϳ£żѯ
, һΪԼˡûġ
زӦһ, £һҾ, ǴкദЩӣģɵͷ, ȥô£һǡ
ȲˣزСЩҪܡ
Ҿȥҹܡعͷز֣زģ֤ܡ
ز˵ȥǷĵĻֻ֣ܵȥɡ
ߣ߰ʱ˷ֵߣýлŵҲҪزȴӦؽס££ֻ߶ѣô׽˾ǡĪġ
ϱܵĺ£زİһҲԣ˵֪ǲߣУʲô˵ģôڣܳ嵽߶
زϣ̽ͷȥߵĵطǺؿǰʵô£
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ߣزšüͷʶô£
û£˹£տ˺¶졣ʱһһģʲô
ʲôУ
ͷţ˭ϲ֮ǲӦ֮֮
С°˼⣬زȴ֪˭£
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Ȼϸ˵زܲ³ҵ˵
˵пַһȺСˡνӺöСѷСһЩߵ¶óǳģǳŮ졣زһͷһֶѡ

ȻѾ˼ȢزһΪزĺóգΪزΣܷ
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һĹͰ˿סزԸȥѰɣ뿪ķȥѰˣôһʱ䣬ܰΧߵĻǳصģ
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㣬ѰҡѰɻɵǲģٿµˣú档
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ܿóزǸȵסˣֳʲôӣزüͷûһ£ֻܸøʲô͸ʲôڣϲµˣΪزסˣΪԷÿ
زô˵ϵǲµ˭ֵˣ
ǰµˣΪˣžùࡣ
лҪ˵زˣ
ǰǰܶóԵĲ

052ºù

Ͱ͵İ, ǲ˵ǰ˵䲻ס
϶Ҳܲµ, Ͼ򣴨꣬Щ˵, ֪, Щ, һ㶼ĺðɡ
ز̾һεصα, ô, Щ¶Ǹı䲻˵ġҪɱҲɣ
ŮҪǷûʲôİɣ֪ǲǻӲ̫⣬ûаοز, ˳ڽ⻰
ףпɱ, ֻһֱϳȥ޴, ǻ᲻ȫزеģеþͿʼ˼룬ΪĿܻᷢġ
Īҡ˳˵˵, ˵֮£뵽һеҪǶ, Ͳˣ
زϽصûû£Ҿ˳ں˵ôĵӡ
ôģǲҪиĺã
Ҳ, ôˣҪĶ£ֵʲôãϻ˳زĻ룬ûûô򵥲٣һŮҪôĵӣ˭ҪȢŮӣ˱ùˡ
ŻˣŻˣزϲ˵ꡣȴŻˣŻˣҶܿŨˡ
ֻ˵˵ѣǶԷѾʼ޲þҪǵ
ȥţزһ缴ذ˰סȥǷŻֻҪңܷŵö󣿶Ƕֻܰ׽ס
زΪ̫٣Էһˣɳ˶زϰĵشţǧҪҶ
ϡˣסˣ˵һдķ
Ҳʱ򼱼㣬ˣǰţֻһСˣѾȥûʲô£ؽǡ
ĵ˵һʱزסֻҪסʲô¶С
ż㣬ʲô¶ȹ㣬Ͱĵã¡زͷβû¹ʱοϱš
ϾһʼܽţزӣûаżУĻ𻹲֪ʲô˷ŵģȥҾʲô¶ûС
Ũûˣżһ߸ȥ˴ʱˣһСܹ£ġ
ûʲôģˡºֵȫһ򾡣ݵİزﶨҲģȵ򣴨˸ôĺã
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زļԼҵķˣ֪ûš
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ãȻزһٰţûʲô£ǲ̤ʵ߰ɣЩصңİġ
߰ɣҡչţ˵µϣһֱûһ̰һֱϹһģγϲȵء
زһҾΪ˲ٷ⣬ӱ޵ػһȺ˻򣴨һ·ϼ췢£ȥţܲܵǵ˲Ű˵ף͵ڸ֡
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һ·糾ģ·ϵҶ˵ˣڻ֮໹õ֤ݣɵƯǵһµˣЦݣ˵ֱ˵ÿԡ
˵ˣ˭ǻ赽ز˵һһҪǽѵԲɱġû뵽һһŮɶɱΪõ֤లţҲضԣԼҵֵܣ޵ҧгݵġ
˭峤̫ÿ˶˵ԵһС˵˵ȴżȥزûС
ɣزϽصܺԼ졣û˵ƣҪֵССܲ㡣
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Һʱ㣿ڳԵ£һ򲻿Цģһ˵һ뵽һ·ϣ·ϣزûֺóԵģԼֶˡ
Ǿ̫ˡǼҵϲ³òһո߳ģȻǵĸݡɾ˵۾ֱĿز
ز³ߵúúõģоһȵĿ⣬ĿⱥĶȫǸĿһ
ǲ졣Ͻزܣֲֵ졣
Ͻļ񣬰һҪСǰһӡǹϵŽĳʳ
ض񡣡Ϊ޸ıݸߣСȥĶһˣΡ
ȥ죬ҪˢĺøУĺøб벻ˡ
زЦʾף⡣
ӣͳģ˼Ƿг£ȴ˺һţʱ̱ɫҪˣҪزһ治ɣ׷Żˡ
ŮɣΣҵ£кθϵ˵ȴڣǲơ
һ֣زʲôˣǺģλϲŻǼɣޣҪһ
ز˹ȥֻһŰµŮɴӳ֮òزһһˡ
ǳƯȴһ˫ɺ޵۾Ŀȫǡ
ʶ˵ͺãνù·µĹ̫࣬˲٣Ӧ˰ɡزȻº͵˵˵ȴº͡
ָһ·ϵµǰΪ֮µˣ˺Ƥֱ
뵽زһ·Ϸ³Է˭ʱزڣĴָãã
㣬ԲѷŮزﰵˣõüͷ
ףһ·صˣŮζŭѵһ·ϵŮΪزתƻ⣬ǰԼ
ŮɸҪڣȴһ˴غȵˡ
˵ŮɣһȣϽĻعͷʱżֵֻ̿ػס
㻹֪ĸףΪڴˣλɾŮȴһĲơ
زһۿȥŮɲع£λɾע⵽زĿ⣬һתͷӣݣ֪Ըٳһμѻ


053·ǲʧ

û뵽, ֱӾ͸ز顣
زӭɾѻ𣿶ŮӢļѻ
һǰǺ⣬ֱԶ, ɾͣǴҳ, Ȼ֪
, ø¿, ŮӢ֮ѻ, Ľ, ңʳ£ˡҲΪ֮زЦ˵, ǰһ£ǰ˲ûʲô, ͬһն˽ŷɾһ룬˼, ǲġ
㡭Ҹ˵ǿ㣬ȴ˲Ůɹŵģû뵽زô, һͦĸ׵µġ
ó, ˵ˣ֤ݵˣʸ˵ЩŮǲƣ, Բҡ
幫ջὫһЩ͵ϣ幫ԻסҵȳۣͲ幫ԣǡ˵ֱ֮ӾˣزǻȻصңʲô£Ȼ͵ȥʱҵȻ׵ôһ¡
ŮɵЩżˣǹݶûУ
⻰ʵɫһ䣬ݣʲôݣŮԣ
زͬȥ
һϵ֪ܲʲô˼ٵ幫Ů濴Ųܣ֣ϸŷҪŲɵ֣ҵĹضǰ裬幫ֻһڼ
ãҸΪӦ£ãŮһԸزȻ˵ô˼Ļˡ
Ϊɵӣɵ
ӣһԵϽĵ幫ٲŮɴȥֻҵҪˡ
ʵزˣҵδûƹˤ̬ȣҵŮɷҪ˵ףزһǾȻȥ
ʲҵɾ˵̽㣬ϧزܾùڸɴ࣬Ǿ붯ʲô˼
˼ҪܿǼҵŮɣֵ졣
ﲻùƣزһ¼Ҳõˣкܶ˵ŵˣδزװͻݵİ£ˣҵŮɱɵóԸҲĨƽЩŮֵ¡
û뵽û뵽زѹˡ
ԣӦ˵ɵӲŶԣҪһɵӣôܻ˽һžĲҪµţʲôá
ңǲҷﰡĳλЦ£һҾ幫Թ棿
ʵõǿЦص幫ż˭˭ģִֻ⼸û塣Ůһ·µ£Ҷռ֤ݣǶǵģͲ幫ᣬҼ볤幫˵
סҵ˾ţֻҪǸҿɳ֮ʱ򷽱ҵһңУҪţסҵһ֮Ϊգóȥ
幫ŮɣŮ̵صףĪ˵
˵Ůɶ׾ҪԶޣôΪһ򣴨Ƚ򣴨ˣҵװװʲôװ
ҵģûðɵ£زС¡
ɲǣŮɰ·ʱסǵ·˵ҪûأǵȻѧøһûأǵǵĳҵŮ죬ܼġ
Ҫ˵࣬һĵÿԣΪǸԻˣǶΪһڳװĺ˭ļˣǰɡ
£Ůܲ˵˵İɣ˵ɾôŮһص򣴨һŮɵֳһֱûôһˣܲôһԼõˣȴӰ˰ɡ
붼òܣһʣҵǸùܵģǰ˵ҵŮɲ㵹Ƿ˸һĴ󣬸
ǣҵĲǡһһȵֵܶˣ幫ˣ˵ҵû¡
幫뵽ΪԼôһŮҶٵڸǣֱӱСѵǼʮȫŮˡ
ھѡ񣬵һҰļˣڶ㲻ޣȥڣʡٶҵ幫ˣΪŮܰŮԸˣҲɿڣô˵ǲͬ£Σ
ˣٷŮȥѡҪôˣҪôŮȥ
סŮû뵽һ죬幫Ȼ˵ĺ˵ĻѡһѾ幫ĵߡ
ˣ㣬ͳȫҰɣұ֤ģֻߣֻԶԶĿԡҰɡˡŮڵ֪¶֮󣬾Ȼزš
زסˣˣû뵽ǣûŮɿһʼǳ⣬زص
˵һ·⣬⣬ΪǰŮΪһŮɺڴˣ붼˺¡
˸˵Ҳɾֻɾߣͺá
Ǿز
˵һĽˣǶûиˣزҪ˳ߣԣһλĴȥɡ
ܣŮɵ̫ݣҲִ̫ţ˵һҶšһΪ˵õһˣ΢ŮݶԷܹһ˵ǰ˷ȱ㣬ûʲôġҵĸоͺһȴĶߣֻҪлᣬͻԥ˹һҧ
زԼĸо˵ΪͬŮɾˣһˡ
ȻزŮɴǰһ֪⣬ȴƾһ·Ϸ£нĻ濴͸Ůɵıʣã
źãĿǿѯʣŮɣǼء
һĨǵȻҪȻСܿУ
ǵĸˣŮҲã幫ҲգʱһԵ벻ز˵Ļ
߰һŮɣǺ裿
Ů幫زĻ̲ز
زҸ̹ң˿ȴʧ˷ǣޣұ㲻ƼŮŮ㣬幫ģҷ֪ΪΣ
幫żϻ𣬺޲óزļʽزȴһ㶼żֻƽ˵ƺ⡣
Ƕ֣ѵΪ޵ĸ
Ƕֶǻʲô壬ʲôʸ˵Լ壿
幫˭ҵŮɣϲһλɾһŮ˵ǰŮͬšͬˣĿȡ


054µɱ

˵, ˵ز϶ǰŮǸˣŮֻһ, ҪĽҵţֻ»ĵһ¾ǳز, Ҳزǰ
ҵڶûͬŮһ, ɼ˵, Ůǲ븮, , ŮҵǰΪҵĳǲϲ˵ǰɣ
ȿһԸزΪƼҵϲ, õ£Ҫ, Ůν˫Ӯ
̴̫ΪزǸƤ, δܾܾţȴСز˰ɡ
زԼ棬ҪĻҪ, Լ
Ȳҵɾһȥ, Ƿ˲ŻӦ°ɡ
㡭ز˵زĴָСû뵽û뵽, ӽ£Ȼ˲ŻۣһλŮɶ˲̫˲ˡ
幫زĻöˣزȴ幫ûʲô£檵һ򣴨ҰݼͲ幫߶ˡ
ɾֻز˵ĻҪؼˡ
׵ĲףԼҵɾȽϿɿǲ֪ȥʲôˡ
زţҲعҶˣĸڼеأ۳Ͷ٣вʡ幫ˣ
ҵʵڲٲȥԽԽ˵壬ز˴˶óˣʲôǲģߣϽߣ
˵ʲô飬˵ˣزϣСһЩ
Ůô׵ķΪ˽ҵţԼŵˣȴʲôûܵõôܻԸղܳɣҲûлˣ˸ģᣡ
֪һ㣬ŮɿزͻȻ˹ȥȥɣȥɡ
ﲻ֪ʱһ֧ӣƴسز̹ȥҪɱزΪɱزҲû˿ԸòҲκ˵õκˡ
һزȴֱӵĿסŮӵ֣εİסŮɣһ߲˰ɣ
ô˵ɱˣбǿ֤ݣ
ˣ顣ĳʱȻز飬Ҫ˼Ůزо⣬幫û˭ȶ֣
Ҫɱ㣬ҪŮɺ۵ȴԼãزѵǰ裬ֻƽû֣û뵽ŵ򣴨ĵһ죬ˣΡ
֮زǧĸпֶʵһʼûزƵģ񲻹Ů
ӣزҲһ۸һԵİޣȻһʼЩ£زסһͬʱزǸоŮɸոճʱǴűɱزͷģ£زܰסж
뷨Ҳû˵ֻȻز
ϽķԸǼȥ˿סˡ
ܲһֱز˿ţɣֶӵĻΪز˾ţ֮סû뵽ȻһʶһŮɡ
֪ǻԼҵ壬ǵ֪ǲ֪ģ
ŮǱû÷ˣΪҪģû뵽ûֻԸȥϽİ˿ס۵ȵģԲŮٶ
ʲôأŮ͵֣оŮɶҪסոҪûǴز˵ʱû
Ȼʲôط̫Ծûлϸ룬ֻǿĳλġ
幫˵ǺãʵõǿǸҵɱˣô˿һ·׼֤ݶóˣֱӾҸһ
㡭ԼҵŮҪɱˣ׵Ҳû뵽İ
幫øƨɣ£ҶԲסңҪβſϲƽϣֻܿڡ
µûİ취
ɱ˳ɱδǺ٣⼸еƮˣָڳ˯š
زⷢȷģͲ³˯һȵٰ˽
û뵽ûңˡ
ɿҲ࣬ҵŮӴز£ҵķӦ
ҵĽ㣬ɱˣһǶԲסĨƽ
һŻزϽĵɶĪҪԡ
£ûŪҺҵĹϵǰǲ˶Եģҵ˲ܷ۸
ɵµ£ٴҲ󲻹һ̸֣֮棬Ůɱˣ֪캦£
⻰ȫûëⱲһֱڷܶϽѧһñ£Աˡزŵ򣴨ʲô¶ûʲô˶ûȴɱȡزɿʼˣز򣴨Բԣ
ǺˣͻȻһСɾָĻɾüͷ
ŮɱҵĽ㣬һĸͬ׽㣬˵ǺˣɺǺʲô˼޷֪ûʸŮ˺زһ¡
ɵĻش幫ڨڨһĸͬĽܣȻʸԴ·ģû뵽û뵽ԼҵŮȻڷ˴ڶ֪ճǡ
СŮк֮ģȴû˵ˣ뽫СŮ͵ٸ¾ִҪԸִҾִȻһ£ֻҪǵҪ󲻹ݣһӦǵġ幫룬ջǿں̸ܲһɾνɷס
㡭û뵽幫Ӧԣһʱ䶼סˣ˵Щʲôزȴҡҡͷ
幫˵ҲţǵƼǷ֮ҸĶΪƼҾҪˡŮԣҿ幫ġһ³ˣزһƽ
زѹеŭ˵ģܵȥģԼҵĵܴܵǰҲûٸƲƺţΪĲɿԶˣЩ£㡣
ɴʱ˵ŮɵӶĳλ׵ݳģһλȻǲģ͵ó
֮¡һէСȻĽ㣬Ҳ˵㡣幫˵ǹҪġ
زĿ⿴һԣǵڡ
幫Բӣҽ鲻ǳ֮£غֵܣ˵˲㣬һʲôʸ˵˾㣿ɲҵǰڼӣƼҵĹϵ㽩
ЩˣΪǣܾԼ˲ġµˣ˶ӦҪǲĳˣԳˣ͵ôܷŹ
ԣ׼
áûشһزȻϵ˭
򡣡ǲ˵ģ¿Ϊĺʱ
лҪ˵ٵزز㣡

055

糾͵ĸϹ, һزϣز, Ǽˣǰؿزһ, ͬʱ߹, Ŷɾʱ, о⡣
幫, ͼɱ㿴Ҳǿ⿪ѵһʦ, ʲô취ҵ̫Ҫˡ
̫˵ڳ߸, Ŀ˵̬β
塣ʱ, λֶûǵͷʾ, һ˵¾żظϹãúܼʱ
, ŮɵֻܿһֻϲѼ, ѹ˵ʲô
һοһ˵Ŀ͸زֵúܡ
밡һŮɣ˭ҪϲŹ֡Ϊ, Ϊ
ûԷϲĻռǺ£ܲסûУûǰˣĶţֵزǰ뵽ز˵Ļһ
幫Ů̲ãôȸǻһҰɣʲôʱ幫ҵܹܺˣٰ˽㡣У£幫ܸһĴ𸴣ûꡣһڣ֪ҵλ˶֪ᣬȴڶһε峤ˣǼǾҽ
幫æصСŮһƬģ׵ģ㵱Ҫ˺ݾ
˼ȫ˵ļʽã幫ʲô취ֻԼŮĳġ
ĺˣĵ뵱ɱҵޣ幫⣬ȴá߳жԼķ˶ס̸λסһˣ°գðһ˪һʱ䶼Ҹۡ
幫£㱣֤һΣһˣҽķϣŹɡ
һΣĻҲǵһ幫㣬Ϊһһε˵ĲһΣŮģһ·϶ʲô£֪ңɱһ£ѾǵһΡɲû׼ģʱ幫һʵһ·ĳλ£ŵ׵һ֪
һ֪ô˼ʱ
ǻȥܼزһ·ۣˣһȥ
ָŵŮɣ幫һżˣϽؿڵڴˡ
ǵˣδýյ£ֻҪǶ⣬Ȼʲô¶СǿƵһãޣΪһ֪νŮ˶ܾš
һҾҪزǻȥ幫ҵκˣҪԼŮԼŮҴȥ
ҪǴȥˣˣҪû취һĽ˾ͻҪ
ϣϿ򣴨Ĵ壬Ҫ棬֪˻һ
ô뿪ҲţСŮ㻹ҡ幫һ̶ֻ֣һ˼Ůɴǵ
һߣǰµʱ幫ΪβţȻǰ幫ţҲס
˵Żͷϳߡ
һǰ棬ӭ幫߹ȥͬʱ幫뿴ƾʲôôΪԼ
ǿƣ̧֮ļʽֻΪ˿ҵףǲԼŮ˺ƤҾͰ˸ˡ
ΪһŮ幫Ҫҽ񣿷жԴ£Ҫһ֣Ǵηҿηһǰߣͬţ֪ǰûС
һŮƽٳţǲǵ˼ҪĹͷ˻ܺԥѡŮҪ塣
סŮɿ幫ŵףӦĸףӦĸ׵ģ˵һӻңһҿģҲҪֻҪףңҰɡ
ʱˣز棬⾿һʲô飬׵طŹˣżԼֻôܵõ
£زÿ£ǵ˼ӵùȻˣɿڡ
Цص幫ˣ׵ض˽ȥΪҵˣ
ûŮɵΪŵ£ϣٿһˣŮɡ
幫û뵽ʱˣԼŮںԼʲôֻһζ幫ﵽһԸһ
Ѿħϣ幫´ҲԱ߿ſڣ幫Ůɵı֣ȫʧȥǣֻǼڽ¡
幫ΪȻҵˣͼʶŮɵı£һ·鷳ֱصܣҲԸ幫˴ߡ
ĲԸŹҵŮ幫üͷʵΪѵģǶزˣû취ˡ
£ˡֱܴӰѻ˵ҵˣŮΪ幫ôɱ˷Ż¡
Ůɲֻ֪뽫ΪУǣϲһˡ
ǰʱϲ¸ǲ
Ҫģֻһز
幫Ӳ幫㶯֣ɡ
һһ˵ģЩ飬ʱΪһˣŻŪĵزͽˣܶ¶᲻һ
㡭֣Ǿ˺Ƥˣû뵽û뵽һ죬ǾȻҪ˺Ƥɾ˺ƤܰŮ
һ幫ľģҲһ˵ңܣҲΪһŮһˡ
£ǳ̸˽㣬ǼסˣҵŮǵаֵʧҲưոݡ幫ֻˣѾû취ˣǲˣʧص˻
幫֪Ҫʲôҵġ
ͳ̸ô̸ǿҵģǻۿҵĳ᲻Ļǿ
幫һ֪һֱװ֪Ϊװ֪Щ£ܸһġ
ǡزǵģǶ幫üʱܲܰĳ˴ȥδء
Ŀ⾡ؿһԵŮɣô˵Ůע⵽ĿȴЦŻ
ҵ˰ſȥ˵ҵ˻ſŹְɡ
ذ˿סѡ
زѾֻǻͷÿһĻֻһͷλŮĪвģ


056С

Ҫв, ֪סʲô£ż·, Ϊȥһ۶ϲ޲, ˵Ļ
, Ǵ˵еԣ
زȻ˵, ȴƽһο, ĵ޷, Ϊʲôĳһۣ
һ뵽⣬һ۵ʱʲô
û°ɣزôһʧ, ɰŵòᣬΪزʱžš
û, û°ɡû㣿ŮӳʱϿ϶ŵò, 뵽еĺӣزͦİųһô
Ҳû£û뵽ĵô, ׽ס˵ʱô󡣡Ͼǿижȴ֪˵ĳʵ
زЦţʱһӹ˲, 㻹źӣ˭㡣
⵹ǲ٣źӵŮ˵ͬزʱĵһӦǰ˿, ٽһϸǲС
Լǵ£νúܡ
лŮ˹ʱزֱӵصϵǰģ᲻֪
˵ԽΣѵʱԽܿһ˵ĺûһ·϶زţͶز֮󣬸ȫĵš
һ˵ʲôҪһλҽδӦԵúáزĳ˳ɱ˵£̥̲ˡ
̾Ƿ˰ɣǷˣô
ǰŮΪˣûвΪǷ˵ģգĿ֮£Ȼɱˣɱˡǵµ˶Ϲ۵ģΪ
ϴʱţҺûпˣǿˣȢؼбΪ£ͷ¡
ңǾֳɵӣҪΪҵ˹ܲסŮɣֵĵز
ǲضܣǻᴦõġ̬ȣһãһˣҵ˶κβȰסˣֻ취һĽ
¹ϵһزȫûҪֵ˼뵽Ůһʼ붯ֵĶززĴÿԣȻȫȥ졣
ԼɾֵţʲôֵãزЦһ٣֮ȴЦˣҲǣһɾţЩʲôô
뿪־ز˵һ㶼û¶ԼδؼҪ־֣ܲſȥزʧġ
ڻţز˵ŻĶͬµӦôźá
ҵˣԽݡ壬²ˣһҪǸۡһ̬ȣҵˣһֱΪǫûһŮɼƽϣĳλŮȴԽԽݣɱ˷Ż¶ó
ŮãֻҴ鷳
һ볤ۡ
ʵ̬ͱ¶úһ˵ģŰɣ˭ɱ˷ŻͷϣһŹ
һ£Ůϸ˵һ䣬֪췢һУҲΪΪ˵ˣֻøһǣһӶţŲң
֪û֮٣Ϊһ̫ÿǰ˺̣ѾԾܾ˲ףڱܺǧֵİ취ֻΪԼԵóԸ
ڣˣΪλܻܲţΪ檰ɣ⣬˼һʼǲ檵ģ˼ֱӾɱز˾취޸ʵɱˣ檶Ը
ǰ˶òȴãǳƽЩĺã̫ÿǳ̫࣬壬ڵ¶ΪһġĳλֶǶֻأһ۵ɹȥ
壬һ·뾡취㿴ջûס˶ɱǰ֣㲻ֶܹ²һĳ˸ǵѽĻ¿۵ͷϣز˵ҵŮ֮ǰû˳ˣǷ޸顣
ʱﵽ׶װʲô߰뷨ˡ
ɴ಻˵ǰȥûеõӦΪˣ׷ȥһһԵȵȣȵȡ
Ȱлˣһۿȥ£
£׷ȥ˵ʲôĳλֵܵΪһ䣬֪ĳλӵЩʲôôţ
Ȼ˵Ҳҵˣҵ˶Ƿģ幫һ峤ǷġҪôһӵţŮһٲҵĵߣһһڣ
ʡʡɣҵʲôõȥ͡ߣ£˵ǺģܵҲ̫ˣ᲻˽ӣҪͣ
һΪ˱ЩӰ飬˵һ˵Ӱζ㲻ʳ
ĳλ֮Ҫô࣬ΪһڳԵģҪΪһڳԵģĻ֮ࡣ
ðɣĲǣ̫֪࣬ģˣˣ
¸̾ţǱӶǳʳ
ջ򣴨컹£ջ³𣿡˽ģ޲ڵգԺãǲ֪ʲôʱܳϡ
һȥݼ㿴ҵġΪһҪԼҵǰֶӣǲҪ³һ⣬ʲôʱ򶼻С
ظ֤ˣ̵صУͿˡĪʧ
ֵֵܣʱôһ£˭ӵ˭˭˳ϵ˭һ˺ô
ˣ˵һǵҵĴլˣָǰ棬ǸոյĻƹǸϽȰԼҵȻؼңƽƽң˵ʳ¡
ͣ£ߵǰزǵطˣ˳׼վһ֣زȻȻĽֽϣ
ֶӻͷ̾صû뵽û뵽ĸд˴
ãͬظ̾꣬һۣƿԼҵķҲϣܲʾûбʾɣϽ߹ȥҲ³
װģͻװģ
ɾǻˡôƣʱſȫæööӭ˽ȥӭ˽ȥ
ӦһͬʱѰɿȥزó֣߹ز˳֪ô
ͷİɡ̻ش𣬷ŵúܺãôزı֣ɻǺģ˲ᣬֻĽΡ
زͷƽϵѣͷʱ۾ֱֱؿزز΢٣֮ӦҲæһ
ðɣѺΪ·ЩƽˣĳһҪ࣬زϽΪջĳλȻÿ˶Ⱦһĵ
ղĳǿʼҪ޵Ľࣿ


057½

ͷ, زΪԼЩ߰뷨𾪣Ͻҡͷ˦ȥ, ˼ʲô
ôˣز˦ͷĶɻΪز, ż׷, زϽصû¡
Ϊ, Ķʲô, زɲͷһֱԺ, ԲŻżҪ˦ȥ
ҲԣҪ˵ҵŮʱ˻ģ֪زȴܵ
һŮƾԼ붯, ۸ˣ۸ԼҵĽ϶Ȼûпܡ
ԼĽ, ԼҪš
ҲЩģҵ, һֱҸٺز˵ΪûôϣȻص򣴨, Ҫҵ֮ϸ˵¡
û뵽ҵ˾Ȼ˷, ȫǲܲˣصļơ
ڲ˵µʱֻܰ£˼ѰʵĻ˵
, ȥݼĸסҪزҲǵز᲻ᱻҵţʱǣز֣زӦһһСʲôأ
Ȼô룬زûн͵Ļᣬǣһ߽ȥȷʵѾãһЩĸҲš
ƽˡǣزһ߽ǴһǰǣزµĴţһ·ûʲô°ɣ
Ҳʱ˵İزæ˸ĸ򰲣һ·ƽ¡
ϲǵģҲûаȫˣȻû˵زȻ˵
ĸҲǸϽɺҲǳһҾˡ
˵زһģб䣬ƼҵűסƼҵѪˣ˵ذѶӽŮزôһֵܣǻ뾡취Ļȫ
˺Ͱصúӣ͸Լһؾн
ɼز⣬Ŷ뿴
СлˡЦӦ£л˵ƴ
˿֪ĺӣصͷһԵزǵˣ֪ȱʲôʲôͲϣ򣴨вϤĵطЩɩֶϱϤúܣʲôֻǡ
ЦǺǵشΪزһǰˣزи
زȻǲ֪֮иԵݣļ񣬱ǵϱģزȺš
ÿѹĸһֱ޲ڡվһ𣬾֮ϡ˵ˣںʵʱ򿪿˵źʵĻ»ϲ
زЦЦصյҽԺﰲ׵λҵԺȲ衣
˵Ȼûпɩزţ뵽˰˴ʱҲû˿һۣó˺ɩڻ򣴨֮ɩΣδûٴŭ˵Ŀܡ
ãǾ͵ӡһزƣһȺ˶æڣʾһᣬ϶Ļزʱǰ
úúãǶͺģ֮ҡһ·ȥЪŰɣϢˣʲô˵
˻˵ģʱǶȥЪţΪиǸˡ
µСһЩҰӰѸۡ¶ˣʲôľʣ㲻˶ⶣһأСһ㣬ô˵϶ǵһ̥ûģȥæţȴһֱúãԼСһЩ࿴ϡ
лĸġ˾ûϲҪ֪ģ鷳˰׼£ҲǲԼҵķ˵˼ﻹԼ֣ġ
ǰģĻͲ˵ˣúչϱ˴һƵˣ㶣ˣ˰ѻ£չ˺ˣĪ˾š
ǣǣжǶˣ˰´ǿɿģлʹϻլȥ
Ȼȥˣʱ˶ͻˣϽһҾĸˣˡ
ݴˣŸճײþͳĸЩϰԼݴ£ʱ׵ಮˣ
Կ࣬Լҵ޻ȥɢɢˣôŲһٺóԵĸҪ
˶ɢȥزȥϢᰲţزҾլҲǲ죬Ը֣Ȼ¶õģһҾлķģһص䡣
Ժס˼ʮģԺҪ࣬һӦԵĴõģڷŵ룬زֻ˵ʱɾжཫ͡
֪סαطĴһ˵ز̾ؿǽ͡
ززҪЪЪ
ůůģز񲻴ûаϢ˼һ䡣
ɾлֱ˵ǰ˵ΪŮصˣֳôĶҪ˵زú˼ˡ
ǣزֵһߵ˯ǰ£˶£ЩԸز˵ȴԵ
زǳ⻹ǵһο֣أҵ¸ѹܴ
Ůɣްֹϵǰ֮Ůأֻ˵䣬Ҳ֪Ϊζġ֮٣һֱƣҲţֻǼĽ˵
һû֮٣ڶŮ½Ƿǣ޲ҲҪˣΪȥ
áزʵûŮɵʲôһ̬ȾͱвŮɣܷŮɵľٶ
ΪңΪҵĽ飬ǰһ̣ȴ̡
زһ֣ʼزûбû֣ûھľ֪鵽ô£֮жֻţز
Ůɵ£֣Ϊ˲ֵ֣ҲΪһõӡ󡣡ѺĴʽز
ȻΪزΪŮɱزǺ£ȴһֱزϣҪתƣ˰עزƿֻŮɸۡ
áزһʼûҪܺ£˵ͦãزš
ززˡһߣ·ʣ˵زûаֵԹԣЩ£˵Ծġ
زҡҡͷ࣬ɾⱼࡣ
·ϵ࣬ߵӱ޵ĸϻ⼸컹֪æˣµĺ࣬жûкú˯
زţγǵšҡҡͷΪȻصһЩС£ҵˣһ
Ȼ֪׼˶£زﻹǵģصɾҪء
£˵Ż洫С˽лɾŮˣɾū


058˵ĳԻ

ز˵, ͲôһŮͳ, šüͷԵ̡
زɾȥҪ, Ҳ
û, زѵö, γ, , ôôźã롣
ȥ, ˾ϢǱߴ, ̸ϻ
ҵŮɣһ㶼ټ, ΪˣȴҪһֱţ
Ҫдǣֵ̫, Ůµ£ͻˡ
ȻΪƷ, ɱˣȴҲΪˣ˲ĵ, ϵù
ɾҪ˼ƣڵŮɾҪû취һҪǰһӼǵŮɻ˵ġŮ˵˼һΪŮˣز
ԸıͨǶԸŮˣҪܰŮɽŮɵôֵܻڣ
زֵ꣬ܵõ㣬ﶼãҪ˳㺦ˣһˣ㲻Ҳһ֮õġ
ԵĳªòһжҪˣôõ뷨ֻҪȥɻѣ
ǿ˭ܻóȥˡ
ֻ񣬵û뵽Ů˻
֮ȥǲȥزܶŮɵ뵽ôԼܵţڿܽˣ
ȥġ㣬ô뾡취ļ㡣ֻǼһˣɾϲҪǻ㶼࿴һۣҪˣɾҲһ㣬˾ǰⰡ⣬ѵزԳʱزŹ
ŻزлǲУǣ֮ǰùİ취֤ӦԷ⣬鷢չزˣز˵Ŀ֣ܶᷢǲزģ֮ǰİ취ȥΣ
ҡҡͷ¶ġܣٽӶǰвͨİ취
á붨ͻȥһ򶼲ԥˣ붨ΪԼΪңΪز͵ȥ
ȥزûţŮɵ£Ůҵãʵ˭֪Ůһӻʲôµǣزϴ֮ûϢŵĽźðġ
һȾ͵ȵҹڼȥΣ֪ɰҩ˯ˣһ׮ˣֻҪɡ
ɾţڰλˣȴע⵽Ѫ
£زĵӭǰ׷֪ǲˡ
ҡͷңŮɡززϵ˿Ʋ˵ҡ
Ůˣͷʹɱ˽˲ǣɱЮ
زŮû£
ҪңҾƺӶϴɾزܲżŹ֡
£ززİ취áزȥ޼ƿʩ֮£ȴããеĴʯ¡
ɾȥԡɣһˡѿеƣӦǧ¶ӦһղݵŮɡ
ӦһҲȷʵˣȥԡϢɡ
һҹ㻹ǰֻǵڶղûüȥ밲ȴѾ˷Ըز۳Ͷ٣Ϣһգȥ밲ˣԺСñĶ£زҪǲԺԼЩɿڵĳʳ
ôţزǰл֮˶˵׼ȥһӺóԵķˣҶˣѵڼһȥ밲ԳԳԣʧԪȫóʳ
Ҫ˵زгϢҲãûϢҲգΪһҪ£ӹôӦóԺúȺã
ԺúȺòоȥ£ԶԲã±޷ľ⡣
ûЩȷʵ̫ˣزûд˯͵͵׼㣬һЩϲĳʳ
û뵽ãȴ簡
زŰں÷һѾ͵ȥȻֻദգزŪ˵Ŀζ۳Ͷ٣ȥ밲ʳȴǱҪ͵
пڸˣֻռһˣʱزҾϼҴڵģһԺ
ϴݵˣĹ͡
塣ü񣬵ˣһӻˡ
Ȼˣ°ɡ֪ΪζֻкǶ£زʵùʳ𣿡
רյģһءҵǳزţһȥԼ䷹ġ
˵ˣزΣǵ֪ǻֻһЩǶȳԵ㣬ȥ
ҪĴֶӰζûУֻزһҾлز
زʵϣľԼĳܵõ˵ϿɣϲԣҲϲ˳ԵҸ˵һ˸˵¡
ɾࡣǸʳģزϣܿθ
Ⱥţزȥ̾صø
ͲøȡӣһڣζһĺãõԼڣĻ̷ʡ
ϽĵҲǺøֻʳϣǲһЩÿΪĲɫİɡʳ£ڳԵò٣Ķࡣ
ĳλڸв֪£ɲãᶨԼҵһ£ӵеһУ˼ɶʣǼ˶ʼɵġ
һõüף²ŵԣǲԾͻذɡ
˵ģô᲻ԣ죬ԣԡĳһλͬΪԻһ¶Ծµζ㰡򣴨ľƼǼȥԹųϼ껹ȥģûС
ȴÿĹ⣬ܳԵزĲˡ
زˣŻԹأǽһϲûԹģҪȥû׼֮궼òĲɫ£õŵѰζ
ܵ˵ƤǲһģҪԻǲ޶Ѿٿϣк޶ԣԡ
ȡһӣҧһڣڼζԵĲ֪Ҫ϶١
һôûƭ˵ɡ
ƭûƭˣζõó֮⣬óԣóԣ̫óˣ̿ٵĿһµĶҲ
֮ϣֵܶ˴СȴŶų󣬳ʳ¸ǡ
ʣôǰԵֲֿʧ£ճУϰ߶һͶʳ£ȴһʱֻͬʱ׽סţһɨȥͬɿ


059

, ãá, ð
ֹİӣҪ
ٸĲÿض, 󲻱صԺʳǹ, Сǵݱ, Ҫģز, زǺθ롣
ҲҡϢŭ, Ҳң֤ҲҡͬشӦʲôЦ, ˿ɱĴ£ּ, ɱ˴ҲܿʳԲ
زǵһγ, һΣһҪô˵һεĸоͻζ, أ, ˹һĳǾͳԡ
ǾͰǵĲ
£ĳֶӶһۣӶԷп˴˵, 㣬㣬ˡ
ƺֶӵĶֻԷٿڣ˸ϽĿջȥԼû˼Լҵ
زʱʱ˶һӵ˳ʳȻѾԹȴֻʳð뱥ˣʱʳζ˭Ҫԡ
ܵһ⣬زʱо⣬ƺȲ˽ˡ
زڵʱ򣬵׷ʲô£ɱڵġ
ˣ¡ǻסŮﻹܼҲ붯ţز˰ŵͱˣҲ𶯡
ϱҶϣǸϻҪ곤һĸˣ˵òڣóǸƵˣزҲţǶ֡
ĸ˱µʳģŶһЩʲôϲĸңԺһϲԵġ
ʲôԡͬ
ã֪ʲôˣأزʸռҶϣ˼ǺһЩ¶ѻ˵װ׵ģزҲ
ҲɿڡáزĳʳζãõҶ϶ѧŵ㡣
ѧҿԽ̣ҲѧһЩʱգжǲѧˡĳͦŸӵģѧδؾѧúãڻûԣ᲻£᲻λδ֪
ǾͶлˡһԻɾŵľһЩóԵģεڼ
زܸоҶϵıϵıֲͬΪ޵ͬԲŻᷴӦͬ
¡ز˼Ѿ£زع񣬡ɾԺ𣿡
ɫãزĲθڣá
ãͲ鲻òŶԣ˵ʲôˣ
زĿѯʵؿϽҡͷ뵽²Żвã޹ء
Ƕ֪֮زһ񿴹ȥ֪زʲô̽ͣزǵ˵¼ϣԼɾ϶ԼҵɾģΪʲô֪
ԹһνѵҲˣʱǽһ
ز£ЪЪ
Ÿյһ͵ùǵĳʳڶûЪ£Եһڣֻǲϣ̫ۡ
ˣز֮⣬Цˣ£á
ӦȻȻ֪ôģ˵ĶԻһϷ޵ļӸС
ܰɣ˳ײŲ꣬»飬»鰡Ϸ޵ĸоӻˣ
׷׵ͷزĳʳǱ룬زദǷ޵¡
ɾˡʳԌһĹԻϯһʳˡ
ȥ볤һˡͰҵĳ˵϶ҵһţȲľŮɴȥ
Ը£ȥ׼Ա㣬Բˡ
塣֮Ҳ࣬ʱ֪˱һӲҪ򣬴ʹ£ǵļңǻҵˣ͵øһĽѵҵŮɣɱ˵¶Բٷܡ
ʲôѰ㣬㶼عܡ׼ߣҪˣزһ䡣
ز˻Ѱң
֮⣬һԲصϱҲģΪ棬ûʲôܡ
԰ϵ۸ӣλŮûܼ޸٣ȴ˼ҵģֻδ֪һλ
زڹҵף׽һЩǼˣԶһģ̫Щûȫ¡
һĸ˵Ÿյ򣴨Щʣ˼͡岻ʾ͵þ˭ͣΪزˡ
ǣزӦ£Ȼ˵Լᴦãز޲ŵģȥֻǲ˽ìתƵϡ
˵ز岻ʣ˼ˣϺҶ֮ӵĴӣ׼뿪
ʣȻȥã˵Ծ˳Ļ˵زЦס
ĳֶӳһ٣ⰡʱæزһҾһ뿪
زѵУ˵ǰ棬£š
ֻʱȥҵˣ幫˲٣ÿһ͸Ųƣֻηɫм񣬴к󣬡幫ˣ
ǼΣ򣴨˲֪Ȣ¸ҲͰˣαͱˡ
û뵽ҵ˻Ҫһңһһµñӡ
ҵˣԼҵＫãǼҵ˴Ǽе׾죬Ը⻹ͬɾݷȻˡܽܡ
ʵһ˵ô̱Ļʵҵòᣬ˵ߵڰ׵ĻǶ˵óڡ
ҪҵŮϲģŮɽνֵ˾֪
ǣ޲ôûʶһλŮɣνš
㡭ǫǫӣû뵽û뵽˵̱Ļʱˣ
Ƕ֪ҵһ峤ҵĵλͣ㻹ûΪҵ峤ΪУ˺δ̫Ƿˡ
һ˵ȴֱָûΪҵ峤ȴʹ峤Ȩ̫żˡ
ȻΪˣܳм峤֮λֻҪһɱ˷Żߣ񼫣ɷ֮ҵŮɶ׷ŹҵλǰֻߏҴΪһ´ŮҽΪУһ㵽ס
ξƵͷϣǻҵ˲ȣǰҪûһǸˣ϶һ£Ϊһ峤ѡñӡ
ѡ˭峤ܹܣֿԶܵ£
һڣֻ˵һ䣬ҵ˲ҪһĶ̫Ҫˣ
ȥﲻϵźţ䣬䣡


060ŵ

Ļ˵, Ŀ⿴ҵˣ幫, ΪŮɵ֮СŮĸϡ
幫, Ϊ, ໰˵ú, 幫֪Ҫʲô, ڿ, 幫ǲ֪ˣͽɹٸɡͼɱˣ֤, һһ·Ƿ߻зŻ£һ֤, Ůɴʲô.
Ѿ˵, ȴһ²׵ñӣǱˡ
幫Ҫľʲô
ڰ׵ߵ, ϧȫһףҪﴦ, 幫ȻǲԸģǾǲԸ⣬Щ»ǲġ
óǲǵ̬, 쿪ʼڣҪֻǵǸдŮɵĽһЩҵ˶û취͹ֲҵ棬ʧ档
ûֱӰ˽ٸѾǶҵ飬ҵȴ顣
ðŹŮɣǰһ߸£ԺŮɼز鷳
ȻȢޣҪޣȻ۸۸ˣһŹ
ţĿᶨؿǰ俴幫
幫ҪŮ޿ɺǣҵޣҵļˣҲҪšݻһ£ȵĿ겻ֻһˣһе˾ڻ֮Сἰˣɱһ˵Լɱǽ˵ѵԲƽϵģ
صǰ幫ΪȷѾ¶Ը֪ߵغݽ棬£幫ʳȡ
ŮɱŮǲһֱһŮɼƽϣһΪһŮַҲŮɳԶһ㣬޿֣ûһص¡
һΣɱ˷Żʵڴĵߣ̣Ҳ̡
жأ飬ףΪЧ͢Ϊסˣ˶ס̸ʲôӲΪ˲Ҫǡǡ෴˺ҪԼҪҪҪΪ½֪ܳչŻҲҪƾһı£Լļˣаʧ
Ļ£Ȼ𾴡ҲãҲգĶĻѪ
ûǶżһ룬ǵ˺£һҪġ
̬Ҫٿ׾ǻЩˣһ幫δСŮˣ
˰ɣֻһֱû˵˵˼û뷨
ֻǸǻᣬԼ˵Ͼô˵ûҵĳǰͬ뷨ܻΪĻϵġ
ѡһΣԼ֮֮꣬ټɱ֮ѡ񣬱ĵߣǲܣҲŮɳǰļ߶С
㣬úġû뵽ȻôݣҪŮһ幫ָĿǲš
ԣ幫ȥ˵Ϊºɱ֮յҪѡ幫ˡѡһΪ󻼣ҵ˹ܲҵŮɣǹܲˣȴð˷ųҡ
Ҳҽ񣬿ȴ˲ܣһһεҴգңˣ
ȻˣͲǼҵ˻ңҲΣ⣬ͬٷ
㣬ҵĳҵҪǣʲôʱһ˵㡣
ҵС˵˵Ӧҵǳм̡ҵ˶ʾɵʱҵĳѾϵˣ屲һЩ֡
常ֳҲϽǰ游塣
ҵ˺üʱҵˣһЩɾڵһһȻδεĹأǲ֡ڶЩȫ
һ̣ĻĴ̣һҾֳ̻塣
ҵļǼҲɼ˹ȥŵ㣬Ҫҵ˻ĹŮֻǲ˳ǰѣǱǡλһڣұͦһˣʱˡ
ǣǡ
ΣҸһɱ˷ŻŮֻҪҸһµ˸ۣʲô⣿λ⣬ʵǻ̡
ֻӣǸģ
ֳǣǏ˼ǲܡ
ܵ⣬һ⣬Ѿˣ뿴ҵˣеΪӦÿ̵ˣҿǴҵ˵ġ
ΣѡһλҪǻʲô飬Ҳö˵ˣֱӽ͵ٸȥ£αضѿࡣĳλֳĲʱ䶼˷һǧһͬ⣬Ҫǲ⣬ˣ˵ô໰ʲôֱӰ͵ٸȥͺˡ
㡭ҵβ˵ôҴΪܰӲȥҾͻ˽ٸȥ
ڳ˲٣Ҿ͸ˣ
ҪȻΪʲôһҪ˿ҵ˲ˣҪǲˣҪܵȥˣ
ڵת˵ҵ˼ţֻҪĵص˵ͷĽ
ʵֻһֱԸ϶ѣ;·磬ѹûлת
ұ˵˵֤֤Ůµ£ûУƾŮɵô˵澹ȻɱزҪزķӦ죬ҪŮɵ鷳
ѡڶѡ幫ľ㶼ҵˣйֻʩѹﴦҲһףҪִһĹŮɣ͵幫
ɿڲʲô¶ûˣҪô֪жŮ޷ĳλٽؿڣеĳſһһ㡣
ô˵ǶռϷһҪóİɡ
ߣ˵ǱҵģƫƫҪУֲ˵ʲôϧľĳ˵ĶǷģԸİ
ǲģ˷ֲ˵ߺߣ
˱͵ý˵µ˶ΪҺ۸
ֻռ˱˾͵ӣҵôһˣǻǺܴȵģ
ΪȫֵˣԳ౳һЩ̬ȣ¶Ĳ
˹ڼǿصˣҲɼֹȥҽ̲õˣ̽ô̡ĳλֳõ˵ǾͰŭȫˣĶѡһһ£Ҫ˵
ΪûˣҪҵ˽ңҽŮǻʲô
˾ǽ̳һҵɱ˵Ůɣ


061һ̳

, ܱ˶ԭ, ÿȫҪ
Ŀ⿴, γڵҵλشλֵ⡣
, ǡֱ̫˿š
ʱҵΪ, ֻǶƤ, ¹ذ, ǲϵŮɣɱˣĳλֵãôŮɵ, ˭뵽ôأ
㣬㡭, ȴʲô˵, ȫûû취ȡֵ£ô
ӦǲӦӦ͹ٸɡÿɲһֱΪһ³ûû˵, ˼ң, йΪһŮڲݡ
˼ҲͰѸô鴦ãټȥֵþˣҲ
ɼˣز, ˶˵ʲôҪӦöõһǣû˵Ȩûа
һͺã浱ҵ˲Ŷȡ֮֮ߣ̺һŮɲ֪ҪѶѪһܽŮɵˣǴСʮ귽ɡøһǻҪ˲ŵ񣬵Ǽҵˣ
ˡ
˭ǼҵˣҪҪ͵ңһʣ
á幫ջǴӦ£ҵͶֻҪֵٸǰֻ֪Ӱ޵Ůɣͺܺã
Ҫľ˴Ӧǰڣмڣζ⳥ǳǵˡ
ɵƯǰĳ˵£Сһÿ˵Ư
ֳˡһҾл֮ûֵòſϻĸ״÷һ̳С
Уûڣû뵽һԵ˾Ȼ̰֮ưĳ˵ͷϣ˵ʲô
壬壬л˵л˵Ī֡ͷãġ
ȥһˣô˵ǲǲˣˣȻΪ˷ŵ˼ҿбµˣԸһ´ࡣ
һʱ죬ǲΪ˻÷
ز÷࣬ڲԵ÷֪ܲܳԵ
һ̳ܶģô׵ظãһ˱ȥԶʳ
һӲǿЦɿ֣ĿƵؿԳʳŽġһ̳÷ҪһܽϣһŶԲţֲżҪǻңҲż
˵㶼֪ˣô˼Ҫأ
һ̳ӦöҪһ̳׼ˡȻ˼Ҿһ̳Ҫ̳̳ţ
۾ߵؿãõҪ̳ǻУٶһ̳
޳ܣڿţȴ˵ڣֻܰͰ͵ؿĪӦ
ȥʹʣΣֳȥȴȫûֻȥȻٰ÷ϡ
Ҫľ⻰˵ļãҵ㰡
ǰͷĳ˵ŻõôҲûʲô£ߡ
һѾѵãһֱǳ֪ʱܳһŲ⣬ˣˣ
һҾлһˣҪûôһҵǵǲöԸ
ǵһߣϽص壬Ҫ÷Ҳ̳ɣ󷽣ٴȥҾûóˣ
һԻûóԾܵ£ԣҪΪǿ÷żʲôʱԶԡ
ÿܣֱӵطʣ
常ԣֶܣƤΪԼӦÿԵİɣȻһֵܣһֶݡ
ÿܣһηʣǿˣҪ˵Ҫĳϵڶû˸ϵһ
˵׽ס䣬ҪˣһɨȥֱӰ˵Ķסˡ
壡һһ壬ǿֶĹϵǳˣĪҪĶԴ
ƽճʳģתƻʣ˵ؽӹȻûеģôҵġ
㻹ʣֻƽƴˣ֪ǰˣǻʲô˼ʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ⲻǣⲻǿ忪ڣҲ룬˳Ҫֺ̳õЦţΪһԹߣ뿪ţʱ֣̾壬ֶĪҪҡ
һģƤ治һĺ
ǲԺٳĶˣ
Ҫ˵ԴȷʵԴΪʲôΪǰλ̫Ϊ˲Ҫ󣬲ᶼͬ⡣
ǲܡΪ̳÷ͰĺմܣĲܡ˵ŲܣᶨĲܣ֮ͷ塣ôҪĹͷԼˡ
˵Ųܣ˳ŵܵġ
ٲأҲΪ˿ڸ֮ҵ棬Ѱҡ
ѰȻǲѰزٳزζǲܡ
֤ᣡͬĳŵ֤һ˵
ֶӣľۣۼˣ
Ｘ䶨ԺʵѰزֻǲŽԺ̽ˣҲûʲôͽ˵ǣزЩ۳Ͷ٣岻ʣҲΪˮʱ˼͡
ǰˣû˾ߣͰ͵ؿ˵֪ģ¹ϵҵݣַˣҶĽ񲻿ϧˡ
˵û˰ľˣȻ˰£ô£춼Ҫˣ͵ðԭԭظˣ˲֪εӦˡ
ϧҵŮɱ˵¶óҷʲô˵ģԵúǿҵĽ˸ҵ˽̲һŮɡ
ǰˣҪΪΪ֮ͣŵۣγˣ
ǰûҵ˼ƽϣǸǱ䱾ȻŮɳɱˡ
ҵĽ鵱£ȴδˡ˵ǰλλҼΪ֮ҪҶǰ̣ЩˣǼʶ˲ܣ˵ĵˣԹˡ
ҵĶϱýȢģҵϱңҾ͵ûšҶɱˣΪǶϱӦÿ죬ˡ
ǲǣǻû𣿹ʶ£С»ˡ˼ȻҵˣȴʮͣңΪϵˣȴңĻҲ˵ó
οϱ£ҵĶϱҵŮһ㣬ûŮȴҲŶһĴˣʲôˣûţûд»СС»˵ĵ˶˵ˣͲţҪȰ


062²ĵ

, ϵȰ˲ףٲ, Ҳֻܼ˵ȥ°ȥ, ֳ
ֳ, Ҷ, ҲЩŮ, ܶˡ
, ͵ֶϱ㡣ͿǶһ˵ķϣĹһذɡǴִʧ, Щ޵ŮӶù
ңֻ², ҵҲ˶٣δ, Ϊҵģ˵Բ㣿ֶԵң˿ɲһ, ð֮ߣΪ, ˼ǲһס
û뵽˵ķϣȴûһ˿õ˼ֻܿȻûʲô, ҵĽǣ֪ЩĶʲô˼ңҪֳûڷˡ
˵ţѹˣȴΪֻصŮôģ򣴨˲֪ʱңЩҵŮֵ÷зʱôȥȰֵǶźЩ
̸֮ĸ׵ĲڣײҽŮһŮݵ޷죬ǱģѣǰȰǻȥȰŮЩ׷˦ԼȥΪİ취Ȣ˽Ǻ¡
ҲΪǶţһŮݵ̣ɱ˵¶س
һԹ޳ˣΪأŮɣֻĲɣҲŮɵǵ˼ʱ˵ʢŭ
Ķӳʣλ˳һ£ǳɼҵѰһӣһΪլ£չ޺ãͬҪ
زദѿóȻҶûĸ׵ˣ۽أòһ㣬ҵŮɣ˭ҪȢŻؼңǼլزȴǡ෴
ż¼ѿɫ࣬زദгҲزչ˵ȫ
ܵһ⣬ֻչ˶ӵϱѵ
ѵõġѾкüϱԽزԽ⣬ٱϱҪöࡣ
ǾĶϱɱɱһ£ɱ˵ҪĿģʹʧޣøҶ֪ҵŮɴ˼˸ҰŮ޸ɱһޣɱڶ
˭ҵŮǱٺãȴҲŮƴ
ͨһЩ£ǲһ޲óȥҵŮɱˡ
һǰڻδˣĳˡ
û˼ĪŭǣԸΪ˵飬ȥɺãۿ㣬˶Σ˵ͷɣȥԼҵȷ
˹Ҳ֪ҪôţǰֻҪãȻŵģ֮û˵֮ǰ˭ڶûã㡣˶ˣȴ׵˵͸֪Ǵ𲻳ģŻǲţ˲ܡ
˵ʱ˵˭ǲ˵£ֻҪǺ˵ףȻ͵ҵ
һ˶û취ôܾʹ˷ɸڡ
֪ҵӵģ˵һ£ôһǲӦ㡣
˰ѻ˵ףǰӣ˵ܣʲôȰ˵Ľһġ
ˣȥֻܰ˶顣
ǣûѰõزû취Ϊ飬Һ£ֲֽˡ
ž̫Ծҵ˺ʱ䣬ƺбĴ㡣
壬ҵ˺ڵʲôĸֵҲľЩԣԼҵСһ㡣
ʱܰˣ˳һ˵ҵʲôȴһ뿴
һĪ˵ʲô
˵ĵطж֪ûϸֻͣһ䣬֪Ź˵ʱж֪
壬ûԵˡǼҵĵطùˣ˵ġڵϣȻʲôᣬҪ˻صǵٸӣֻž˵һ֮ͨܶǾûôá
ȥ
ʱ䣬ֻǼ仰˵£ȴãҪ˵ǲϴӦ
˵һͨԭˣﻹùѺҪΪҪԲʧ
˵ҪȥѰˣȴʱһлŻˣŻˣˣŻˡ
ķϸһ˵ĵطҪ£Ǿ鷳ˡ
ܹȥһ̲߳ϳл⣬ɼ⣬ɲã
˵Ͻܹȥ
ųŵˣʱɵˣǳʲô£ֳģ
ʲô¶óһðͷʱҵ˺صǺҵðɣ
ԣҵãôŻˣߣȥϳȷʵã˵سȥһȥǱߵ׶ʲôˡ
ʱӿǾȻˣ²ϳˣһæصأأ
֪ͻȻŻ𣬻ƺôȥȻģ岻ȥһȺˮڲϵȻǣʱ׷ʣﶼżİ
ôһ㶯ûСżʣȴʲô£ҪΪ£һ㶯ûУ
Ȼ𣬿죬Ȼ𣬲յáŵҵλ˵ġ
ǣǣҵżسʱֻһͷȻ𰡾Ȼ
ʱҲܵˣΣ
ǹ˵ĵطżذ˵һģܲǵλá
ûһ䣬ֻ˳˵һû⻰ֻ᲻ǳˣ
һۣĳ»Ǽٵĳ£ҪȻˣҪ밵ɳ²ֵģһ¶
ɾɾˣ棬淢һʬ壬յȫˡܿˣȻյô󣬵Ȼ˲٣ʱڰѻˡ
˶һȥ鿴ڿʱֻһʬ壬żĸ棬һʱ֪Ǻá
Ǽءʱһ˳żֵؽкһ䡣
ҵҵĳһ𵽣ǡһ䣬ҵ̺ʲô棬أ


063ҵķ

, Ҹһ͵˼ֻǿһλ, ֪ص
ǰǼҵ˲, ǰĸȻҲҸ, ȴ, ĻǵΪı
էȻʶס, ȴ˵ġ
ô֪ǲƭ㣿, ⷴӦǰ鷳ˣһʱ䶼֪Һ, ǲҵĺãɵˡ
ҵ, ĵط㻹Һѻŵģ
ȷˣҪ˵Ͽȥ, øæصң, 㲻ҪԩңôܻҡΪʲôҪŻ, Ҿ֪Ҳֻѣôܣôܻɱ
һ͵˵ò, ȻȴЦصˡ
˵ŻһʼżϴŻһʣһʶˡ
Ůһزˣȴҵĳָǰĸ˵һӦǣװӦȴ˾ΪֻҪҾû취
ļӵϸһ붼ף˵ķӦǺܿ죬һ˵ľڣ˵ҵһߺӦݣʵ˾ȻȥȻǾͿԷˡ
оʵ˲ܡҵĳԽԽö޲ðҵ˸ˡ
ϻ˵ｻǣǻ˵ֻҪǴӦͷŹȴںʱɱڡǣǺúݵİ
Уһ˶ˣҵ˰뵹һҡ
ĵẠ̊́ȴδؼ˶ϣ
ֵ֮ٸȥôضԣɡ
زۿҲ̸лǰﶼ붯ֽţڰĨȥĨҪִ
ǻǲʶôǱˣһ˽ҪңӴ
Ļ£幫ȴڵ峤Ҫϵ峤峤Ȩˣ
һ幫˵ˣʹĲ峤֮ȨǴȨͼɱޣѵܹˣ幫ʱ䣬ȴЦѣֻһ˸£㲻峤֮Ȩһѹˣ
幫ҵŮֻҪҼˣҪʲôҶӦ
ʱɿڵÿ찡ϧˣȴľܾˣˣҲʲ岻ţ幫ԣһ䶼š
ֱԲ䣬幫̣ȥ붯ţȴΣ幫ͬһ㵱ɱˣ幫Ϊҵ˶ǰ裿
ҪǰôҵŴҵ涯֣ȴţ
ʱһȺӿѾǰ˼幫ָãҽ񣬺ããǾͿ˭ֶθ˵á
ڴˣȴǻȥͬҵ˻ȰҵţȴһλλҪûʲô¾ɣǹٸ
ֵٸίʵټ٣ܻеһεģ˵һΣеڶˣ
Ҹһ߳˵ŷĻﾹȻȳҲҷŵġ
˲Ҫȳȥһɱ˷ŻԴ̸Ĩȥǰµ¡
ҵû뵽ƨɣǵԣȥ
һˣָһʼĸ˵ţҽ顣
û뵽û뵽ٵ˾Ȼ˵ģ˾æɾɾǺιʣ檵ʲôɾ˶ŭȻǷ޶ݣҪ檴飿
˴ʧɫû뵽յԼͷϡ
Ҷ꣬ȴ֪ҸµͷǷǶԴƫ̻ңȫȻԼǺ֮ܵļҵȻǵãңȥһһΪı˼ˡһ˵ɵƣģһԵҳ˵ҵ˴飬æң
սףΪãβңǵŮɣǼ޳ȥңȴݲˣұ˴飬ֵδ
ʮͣҵ͸ﲻмԼޣҲǿʲôණһ㡣
ˣǲҪˣҪʹߣҪ˵޹ϵ͵˵ǲҪģǶݣ˽գ߶ûС
ɾɾңյ£ûйϵûйϵɾɾ˵ҽ͡
һɾȷʵ˸֮ģҵ˲ܰﵽż֣ɾԭ£٣ٲҪǻҲ֮صġ
Լǻһʲô³ȴҵ£ǲΪҵ壬Եرɵ
ǵɾҴûɾɾ㲻ҪߣҪߣ
ϣǰ˿ԴӦҪƽϴ˴ε£ҪʲôĴĵġ
ˣмҹǷ֮£ۺˣңٲҵˡ㱾ҵϱȴֻңͨ£Ҫڲʲ֮أҲļױɴȥȴٲҸϾûаԥ˿ź޲
ˣȻҵˣҪҲҿޣߣĳλɾĺݣ˸Ҳûаģ֮ԣЩݡ
ҵĳһҾȥٸȥ
ȥɡһᣬҵȴܣܻǣɱ˷Żزҵöգ飬֤֤ڵ£ֵٸȥҿҵżǲ
󲽵ǰȥɲʱǶҪǴŰ˭֪ʲô£һ׮һ׮ĹķˣԻǸԼߡ
ͬȥһһ𣬲ʲô£ٷֿʱ鲢ûҵĳΪǹˡ
ȥСʵⰲһյرأȴﰲһϵҵ˻£
˼ȥдɻȴֻǷһˡ
ǷŲ٣ȴû뵽õҵŮɣһĻҵϣʵһֱû˵ȴǲƻ˵ķ޸飬ֻû뵽󣬻λ¡
ȴüͷʬô£
ˣӦû˵ķȴˣôһ£
Ҳ֪ġûйģȴһʬ壬β֡
ɾɾﲻˣ˼ʱȴǲõϢ
лҪ˵飺Ѽ޸ŮĸҺٻطҡ

064³ȵ

ɫǲ, ǧˣû뵽ܴƤӵߡ
ߣ붼, ˴ȥҲҿЦ, ڲǿЦʱ, ҪһŪ, Ҫµġ
ߵ, ȷʵû, ŴʲôĶ𣬰ǳȥġ
û˻ջص, ֪ڿصʱûʲô, Ƿʲôֵ¡
ûûСɾԸһҪ˿Ҳ˽֮, һֱμסɾĻûǹû뵽, û뵽ǰŻʱǾȥǰ濴, ٻͲˡŵ˵
뿪һ˶ûڣ
ǰͷŻʱȷʵȥˡʱǴ򿪵, ѰɾϵǴ򿪵ģҪûԿô򿪡
̷Ըȥһˡ
ʱһҪһصңڿǻǼмư׼˵עûֻǧҵˡ
뵽ϣв棬ģǾ鷳ˡ
˼ȻǴСһ𳤴ֶЩǶһţ򵥣ҪӦϣôԿ׶õõ
ˣһ붼ס
ȥ졣һ̶ҵ·ͬѰŮΪ鰮һЩǵ£ִ󣬻ܻһ˵ǰ;
˵ٶ򣴨ȴҪԼǰ̺
һҪ˻ص֮ǰ뾡취˵ҵĵˡ
زû뵽Ϊһǣôһȥһ죬ֱҹŻ
ʱز˰ҹ˯£϶Ǻ˪ȥˣ
ز뿿ģȴززţ䡣
ɾزĻһӦһ۵ززǲˣʲô㣬ؼ
ҹͶǽһ䣬زʵҵ»ûдã
һЩ¡æһ죬ǸҰӻȥ֮ǰһȴʣЩ²ظزֻǴһ˵
ɾʲô˵زĺô˵Ҳйϵ֪ľôģ
ѵңҵ˻ȥ
ҵ޳ܣ˴ȥֲҸǳܵ˵޷Ǿ⼸ܣزֻǰƶţȴòᣬϸ˵ˣ
زһﻹףЩ¶ˡ
ֹһزðһ䣬
ŲҲҵ֮ǰزǾֻزµġ
ززϣüͷزɾ
ϻ⣡붳زСѣزȴΪȻҡͷҲ䣬ɾ϶Ҳˣůů
زѱ˯ÿůˣůġ
زǰƻ֮£ºͣĶǶĹ˹ȥزߣزӸϣů
ʵǶڻǶ⣬ֻмܣҲϣֻǲµˡŮɵòɫ㣬ʵѵһˣĽһܶࡣ֮ҵֶ谮мӣҲˣþͽЩв˳֣Ϊ飬Ϊȫ
ɾ糾ͣһأ˵öŻˣɾŮɹãʱ˾ͳҰ˴ߡĿܣǴһ룬ټƽͷ޵ֵô޶ˣҵѲ˸ϵȴûᣬ϶бҲңɾػɡ
زϱӿĹѪ̫࣬һ仰˵ûѪԴ
һʱ䣬ز£˵ҪǰһޱǺ£ҪǲܣǹѪܡ
ԴˣҲ֪˵ʲôĺãزµһ㶼ûΪز˵ľ˽һˡ
û뵽û뵽ȴֻǲµĶѣ̾ǾŵܷҪȢΪԸҲԸǰ͵ٸ
زˣôÿȻ˰Ľһúÿˣûûϲ
ãˣԸҲҪȢŮɣжģжϲһ˰
ز̧ͷ뿴죬ûֻݶ
õĻҷŵĻǾŵܷŵģڱǱ׽סѱˣزջߣ²Ϊѵ£
ҷŵģǾŵܡ˵ŵף²ţǾ͹ֲǸϹٸ޷ֱָǼȻʧ棬ֵĻҲܴóֵø󡣡
ԭռϷģȴΪһ಻ˣ˿࣬ŭ
šüͷز£ĸף
زȻȥˣĪؿزغŮҵ£ĸ׵ĺãɾΪţ˯˯ãĸף£Ҫĸ׵ġ
ʲô⣿Ϊز뵽ʲô⣬ֻǲ˵ȥˣʵǿʵġ
ɾȻףα׷ʣνѵúͿ͵ʲôⶼû뵽ȥĸףĸһа취İҳԹزЦų˵죬õ⣿
ɾͬô˵áزɴ۾ֲʲôбˣ˵ǲ˵˵ֻΪϵŮӵһЩ£ز˼˵
ɾĪˡزʶ׻ʱס죬
ز뵽⣬ܺһ뵽⣬ײˡ
˯ɣϲǿѣز˵˵ɣȴȥҪ취ƶһһ⣬»ΪŴΪѣûոһʼʳѰ
ŵ߲ΨһĶӣ߲ڣЩֳû뵽ȴ˵ļƣ˵ǵĲǣԾҪȴܴϾŵܵһ૵˵š
ǰҵ˾ǿ׼᲻ãŮɼңŮȫĨȥҾҵˣҪѿĻңҵˣ㾡ز᲻ЩĴҸи֮ҲиĹ
ǱסԿĽҡ
Ī취ǧ֣һʱŹδؼһܺããԭǼҶĳͷһʴȡزǲˣֻüĿο
˵˵ȥЩԭĵģᷳΪ
زز˵Խˡšüͷһʡ


065

˵, ǲ˵زҡͷ, ůͶˣɾȥԡϢɡ
ʱϰȥԡ, ʲôʱ, ůů;͸ȥϴϴ˯ˡ
زͷ, ˯ɡ
ʱ, Ϣˡ
˵ڶ, زһ磬׼ãسһͬĸã
ãز۳Ͷ, ûزȥ밲Ϣһ, ǵȥģ㱸, һȥˡ
Ѿˣ֪ҹæ޲Ż˸˵һ, żع밲Ϣ
ȥ˽Ժһز, һڳæţһڷ￴飬ȻŲһ£ȴžǰġ
˵һ, ͦģСϲ飬ж£ÿ𶼻ῴ飬ѧֹһֱΪԼҪӦòϵѧϰֻвϵѧ㹻ѧʶ¡
ףȻϽϰߣزˣһ·Ϸ£һ䵹ǶˣزܰӰĹûӰӣѣ
ˣزʳнʱ˵Ц࣬ԭöϢġ
ĸף¡ƽ͵ػشزһԸĸס
ã°ɣһˣؿ£زЩʳĸһáɾһҪ
һȥԲԶǸ⣬زǰ׼ڼñܳȥԻǲԣ̫ݡ
ززģ㣬һæʲôܲˣ˵÷ʱҲһһʲôܣֻŰµزʱʱ˳һ٣ܱʲôԣֲԵĺã
ĸ׺ز˵ŻȻ˵ĶԼ޷ָճչԼΪᣬֻǷġ
Ϸɡ˺زһͨȴǷԸ˰Ϸһʲôȳ˵
Ҳż극˵ŵܵ£ĸָ⡣
ֱӣ첻֪׷ʲô£Ѿ˸ˣĻҡͷ̾Ϣصû뵽һһ֡Ҫ˵Ҳý
Ϊѵ£ƺ˵ѵģϴĸϸ˵
žɵвǣ޷뽫ԭ¾ĨȥĨȥԣǾҪԸҲؼһʱһʱ֮еǰ취ΪԼһиۡ˵
šüͷĸ֮ͬѲϣ
ţҵžҵˣҪνϱҵ£ܲҽ̵ˣȥߣҪǨҵΪ˵Ц뿪򣴨Ҫô̵ҿġ
˵ţ߽һŮˣˡ
ƣżס֪ϲЩĴЩ£óֶΣһζֱȡĪֱȴδܶùҡ
룡˿ڣѾһվزţʱһµĸˣ˪ϣ˽Գˡ
游繲аӣ˳ϰǶӣ岮裬ȴҲӢߡ
˴ʱز˼񣬡
ضҵİɣһμ棬Ǽ񣬵еʱȥ˵һ˫֣ҪʶʶȻЩżȴǵýȡΪززл
ߵ˵ǰ˸ɩɩ˴ε£÷ɩɩңЩ겻ɩɩĻþɽҵ˸ϣǸǰ̣˼룬ֻһ취˵һʱ֮ʰҡ
ֱԲ䣬ǿزز˵ǻа취ϵˣҲһǵİ취һġ
Ҳ˵£˼ǲһʱ֮ùҲգҲãҡȻˣҵ⣬Ϊκβң֮ʰҡ
زɣʵԭ˼λ˵Ĳ࣬Ҫ˵вĻֻ˵Ĵ
ֻǣϼ޸𣿡زҪ¡
Ǿ˵Ѿ˷֮ʵ벻ޣһġٴνӻز
ĻǼٵģ˵ŮǺܹؼֵ˾֪ǻüеŮ챥ġ
һ˵ҵŮǲѰĽֵ֮˾֪
Ҳԣ˵ǰĽ֮ģʵ˵ɾ֮Щ£´ղϲλɾ˲٣ȴԼֺͶԷϵһµ˶Ϊ˺Ů֮Ĺϵ
زδػƺҲΪˡ
СˣһѾ׵ˣȴһˣɱ˷Ż¶óΪ˲Լܵͷٺ͵˷֮ʵ
ôŮɣͻΪ˷֮ʵȻͼˣ
زλȻٴµķ˳ĬˣͷʹͷʹģϾǻЩ꣬ûһŮɣ˲˵ûйظû·ֻԼϲ
Ϊˣҵ˲ô˵ɿҵ£򲻿ܡ
ϧǧû㵽һͬһɾΪһ嶼ҪɱҲҪȢ
زز˵ҵһ⡣Ȣţǲ˵ڣ֡ʧһЩ棬ҵǸá˵Ȣ֮кܶ취ˣҪܲ˽Ÿã
°ɡⶼˣزѵûʵһŮɣˣѵԸ޸ǼҾɣ
Ŀ⿴ز˵ܴͣʱơ
ӦһȺ򡣡
£Ҫ֪һ³ֻ̡ǣЩ뷨һЩף˵ȥ£ز⣬˵Ľ̸뵽ˣֻǻǲһЩһЩ
ϱˣˣزһ˳ȥġ
˻˳ȥ˼һǰһ˳ȥ˵۹⡣
ԼҵˣȻϱԼѡģѡƼңǻƼһ᲻᲻̫׵ʱﻹ˾ʲô׵
˵ţҪֻЩԼҲŮɣ˵ڣû˵
ָزļ⣬ǹؼ⣬ϵӦҵˣŮɡ
ǰҵ˲˵Ǿ輰ףֻǻó˰ѻ˵ף֮ᡣ
£ޣҷģѾö⣬ʮͬá


066Ը

žʵززԸ˵ԭ
˵Һ, ȴǶŮɺáز֮ǲΪ˼ˡ
, ȫȻң, ˾, , ô
ɾӦл, , ѳˡز˵ţ۾µµز˼, Ǿ֮غŮ, ز಻ܶԡ
ۺ¶ֱԣ֮޲֮ջ˼, زһ䣬Ƿޣܵ, һֱװţԸöԷ֪Լʲô, أ
زһ٣ֻɾ˵̫ĺݣԴһŮɡǷ˵ʱ־, ΪҪ£˵Ƕ˼ѡ˲ǣң
ƣ˭֣ѡȨԼҲ˵ֲزֻΪֶ̫׾ӣزֻ뻤סңס˷
زھûķӦʱԼʲôزġ
ززûдزûȥݺˣɱ˷Żͱ˵ˣŮɣԼİ취ҽһѵԼģԼһɵģ
ǰûд˵˭˺ɾ˺ңҶŹǡز¶Լֶˣɴ˵ףҪͬ£Ҫᷴ
ָزͺܺá
һ˳ˣ㰲æ°ɡ
ȴ֮³ԼҶͷϣЩ£ȥʡ
һҾӦ£Ҫȥ£Լ˶Ὺæġ
úӣмȥزףʮУزЦӦ£뿪ˣز۷ص
ҸǣҲǳԼµĿǰͲ¸Խͳ֣ҵţռðֵıˡ
һ˽ǿѯʣǰĴ˵ز˵˵ʲô˶ãǧŮˣƣưɡ
ҵ˶壬Ͼɱȴҵ˲ƣҵ嵱̤ʯϵرƵ޿̣涼
󣬾زһյ򣴨ˣ˵Ҿ˷֮ʵӲһҪһʱȻ˵Ի־ҩԸģˣҪ޸ɣҲ޸ɡ
ز֮ûסڿע͵ɾҵ˶ô𣿡
ʵ棬Ǵ̰ڣﻹԵ˼
νԵ˼ֱԣزȴף绹ܼ޸ɾ
һƲȥز̹ȵصɾ־ᶨôФ룬ɾͬ⡣
ðɣ⻰⣬زȴƽٴȥ
ϵĳزĻûҵ£¶Ϊ·գزȥݼܵûһ
ɾºʱƽԼԼŮɣҵ˶ˣ˭ǼһܻŷŮɣû취
زᵽǾ仰ˣҪǸһг𣬾Ůʹĳ裬ò֪ߵغ񣬵ʱŮǼȥ֤Ůܰ㱨ѩޡ
ϲ˶ãϲżҵŮɲֻһν⽫㣬ҸҵŮ⣬ͬݲһ˻Щˡ˶ģǰʱи׻ţ˳ҲÿڣҼҲҪˣ
Ǿͺã⼸յУҪȥݼǣӦ¸ĺɾ˵˵ҳ飬ͶáزһҪҹӣһϵҪʱ˵֮Ϊ
ڼҪڼ壬ܵü໤֮Ҫӻ塣
Ժͼе˸ùϵǳҪв֪кδ㣬Ҫľҵ׽ٲ˶ӡ󲻺ãڽദ
£ĸѾźˣ뵽زûǰ͸£زòġ
زЦõصɾĸױµĸױµģҵһΰݼһ⡣أ֣
ȰýշܲÿҪȥ鷳ĸףȻĸײ⣬ΪϱģȢ벻Ȣһ㣬ҪһĸײĵˣΪΣ
Ҽɾ䲻Ϊɾ£еҪΪɾ׵ɾһЩðʱ˵˵ҵĳɣ֪ǵϲãվǰݼʱҲñܻ䰡ز˵ϲʣһ˽ȴԸ¹ˡ
֪ϲΪ֮ϲزֻҸùϵˡ
תͷززصͷɾࡣһء
áԸ˽ļˣ뵽Զദ֮вϵĵزһֱһĵˣΪ֮ľһˡ
׿ҵ£Ϊز˵ҳֵǵϲãزóһһϣȫѧϰʼǵ̬ȣЦЦ
˵ز˿ʳڵɾؼҼնûɩ
򣴨֮Ѿ飬ٲҸ뵽»ûز˵𣬺زˣ˳ƴ
زסˣȻ֪ʲôǻңٲˣҵ׹ϵʹսᣬزǻ£
ǡɩƷĸױ㲻ϲֳֻϲʲֳȢšЩɩµĴĸηĽ̵ֳУɩֻɩ֮ܲɩȴֳʣֵܶһֱɩľû뵽µͷܴԹıˣɩɩ顣
زû뵽£̾ؿҲʣɾң
ΪҪ˵ĳλɾ˵Ǿ֡
ֳ£ֳоϣ޹ء˵ز
ðɣɾֻǾûйϵɲҶʣֻǣ£ҪһСĸ׵ǰɩǺΣزȻֻ֪ΪأȫûҪز֪˼
ǣŽңϢʲôĶͨҲûаԵİãҪһСĵ˵ǰ𲻸Ļ⣬
ȴƶص㲻ᡣ
ԸԸز϶Ļɾզô϶


067ļ

ززһ, ֲϲԣд, Ҳֻûиزز֮ǰ, ززѻʳȥһĿ϶, زһصסܵ, ʲôԭ, زκ˵ǰ˵˵Ļ
ϵҵ, ɩ˴򣴨زûʹ˰˴ȥôˡ
ƾһ, ȷزǸܲصס, Ҫɩ£زһʵֻ, Ǳˡ
زܾǳԶ϶ԵĲһʡ
ңĸ׹վҪΪֳ࿴ѡ, £ĸ׻֮ǰġ
˵, زǻж鲻֪أҲȻģż޽Ҷ, ôܱҪ֪¡
زصֳڣĸ࿴ʱҪֳԸô죿
Լ˵ģɩԼģǲ˸˻ǲ˵Ȣģһϲأ
ĸ࿴Ҫ£ǻֳģֳԸ⣬֮ãǲԸ⣬ٿЩ£ǹˣܸزĽ
ʱɾҲôġһ뷨زȴѾ˵ˣ
ղŶ侲ػشزЦˣղס
ΣҪĻҡ
Ұ˴λżȰżеĳǨݣΪҵֵ̫ʱӦʰǡ
ͬɾ𣿡زһֱûҪ°׵ûС
Ƕ±ҵĵ֪ҵ鶼ΪҺá׿µ
Щһֱû˵ȥŸ׺ҵ뿪ѾǷ֮ء
׿µ˭ܿ׿Ǻǵġ
ΪسӸλ˶ǣƺ⣬زԵļصɾԣȥ𣿡
û£زز׿Ȼбܰµ˶ɱΪӽ֮ǰ£һûµġգίʵʱ£ͽزġ
ʲôϢɾҪҡزĻ뵽δػ¸ȣζҪǵðĵθΪľڵһʱ֪ƺΣ
ãززġȻززȻҪҲ˵ز׼ϣҪĹͷϢ
˰ˣҪʲô£ùһʱһӱ˵Ķ˵£׿ڸ
лɾز׼ҪӦĻֻ취Լ˴ϢֻϢȴѱ档
Ը⽫¸еĴʯ£Ǹ˵ģӦµ£һ
ɾɾˣɾˡ봭ģȴ¡
£վż׷ʣ֪ʲô
ӣӸʹɾߵֹȥżذ˵زһ̺죬ȥ֡
˵ŻҪߣסֵززͱȥˡ
ɣȥŹȥʱˡ֮˸ʹǴ£ز֣ʱǲϹȥܰġ
㡭˵زҪСö࣬ʱزȥزܰϣ
ɾ˵ˣˣߡ־ͰԺס£زһȥ뼴ˣ಻ȷزżߡ
һ͹˲˭ǰ˭ںˣز󣬸ļϣȻͼӴ
оزҪ˰
ߵǲڣߵ÷ɿ죬ż߻ǽнڵģĻʲôڿɽ
壬ڼתزϹżȥزлĪ˵Ҵֽȥ
żΪ˸ˣԴӷϾ˵нʹԭΪֻһû뵽ԽԽʹʹ϶亹ˣʱɷ˵Ҫȴزߵ֡
һ·۳Ͷ٣ĺӶܰȻλбµˣ˵˵ȥزߵֹ
زֽţŽݾŵһѪζѪ˰زʧɫ֡
ǲҵϽǰȥʹɶɵòðزµػ
زǰס֣سû£û££أſģӻûµġ
µδ֪ʲô⣬ҪֻҪͲµġ
Һ£ҶѪˡк˵ţزͷûû£ԼԼ飬ˣȥЩˮЩˮ
һԸģһԵĪصҪκһˮ𣿡
ֿķšˮҪտģҪ壬ȥʧѪ͵òѪʱʲôǿѸٲѪģˮˮϣеðɡ
ǣ䲻֪زķԸΪ֣ȴҪӷõģȥ׼ɡ
ȥ׼ҲΪϺʱӻó˽ȥΪʩ롣
ǣϵһʱֹŵùֵģﶼŮ죬ʩ룬ǻá
ȥ£æϸס룬ϵĵʵ֣ҵĺӣû£
ӷģûµġֻǶЩ̥޷Ƕ̥ڸʹˣϾǺ£ʱֵĻǰһ
֣֣һҪסҸеĺӡԵżذ
˲żҽ߸ĸģˣĸƽӦ¡һҪҪ̥ĸ¡ºһҪһЩĸӶ
ǣֶҲԺһԴﶼȥ
Ҳúӵ£Ӧ£ֻҪһӹһ٣֤һԴ̥ﶼȥ
ˮˮˡʱȥȡˮڶˮزѪˮ𣿡
ʵ֣΢һ٣ͷԣ
һ˵ſԣز˵˶˹СĵιϷ¡
Ҳ½ϵȡزʵҪҩ̱Ԫ𣿡
ʱãЩѬɡ˺ЪϢ˵Ŵӻȡһ˵Ѭϴ㡣
ѬһɾϲСŮŮϲڸϵĲ֪
ϻЩģ֣û£
û¡ֺܿ϶ظϣѪֹסˣ˸ʹˣѵ֤
ֻ֣ҲףΪλͻȻ̥


068Ϊ֮

˵벻, ͷŽҲûףôúõľͶ̥
޶ֻһ, һ廨˵һЩ, ȴ˵ʹ, һʼ˵Ҫ, ֻΪһʱ, һ¾ͺˡ
ûɺ, ԽԽأѪ˰
壬˵᲻£Եż׷, һֱǵɵģû, һȴ¡
ޣ, ʲô
¡ܿ϶ػش, û£һûµ, ȥ˶ûʹˡ
ʲźʹϣʱȷʵûˡȥô£ʱز߳һ, سȥ
һزһĶ˯ˣ
һ̱죬ֻǰͰ͵ؿز֪ϾΣزسûʲô£ֻ˵ЩΡǽﶼûȥֻôȴͻȻֳ̥㡣
Ҹ˵ˣҲ֣ǲûʲô¡ţô벻ס
Ϊ˺һЩ̥ϡһ£һ٣ʲô㾹ȻдЧ
ŵĿ⿴֣ϵĶֽܶŵĵطš
Ӳô£زʵʲڣֿŵζ
ޣֻɾմЩʲſʱ˵ҲմˣտпãֻǰԼֵʳǣҵ
һ˵ҵˣšüͷʵ˭ˣ
һλڸý㣬ҵķԸǰΪ¡ǲģһֱ治ߣľ˵
ߵ־Ȼҽܷտδ֪£żҪ޶
ãزԥӦ£֣տᣬǵһ̥²Ͱرסĸӡ
ôˣһȺ˵Żʱ򼱼Ϣˡ
ĸףĸ˶æ˻ֵǸңôˣ
ĸ׷ģ£ϢزæڽӻǣߵͨҽѾ¡
úõôˣһ٣ȴ뵽һ⣬ջȻôͻȻͳˣ
ĸǲǺģҪû¡ոն˵£ֻ˼ף̥ϣŻᶯ̥Ϊ֮Ϊ֮ϸĲ顣
ҪҪҸǲزߵˣΪ¹ϵش£ǲأǲ̤ʵ
زֵ֣ͷزȥɣôҶġ
˵һ·϶տϣϵ̥һֱûⲻ٣վ˵ŵùĴǲܷģģ
زֲϲģѾ˵طԸȥ
ҽȥ˻ǲģȥԿһۡ
ţ˽ȥ˳زһ£ز£ֻ£ţʲôʱˣҲˣֻٰҡ
öڣϽһҾл
ǿزֵ̧Լʲô¶ĪѰˣ
ŻˣﻹҶԣֻһҾлزЦЦ洫С˵ҪȻȥ
ʳ⻰ΣزߵĿĸһʱ᲻ȥ
Ҿĸףʲôʱĸ׻ȥٻȥûءزСػش֮Ӧһ
زͷǹʵģ
ŴֻĿεؿز˵ʲôء
ز뺰һ䣬Ū˰ʲôᣬʲôװɵʲôĵģҲ
һֱվţûٹز˵ʲôֻǲǴǷվſڣˮȣ
壬ҶͿˣλ룬롣֮ûҲΪûزˣԼҵб䣬һʱû
ģû¡˵һ䣬ٿززͷϽĵ룬룡
λȥЪ
ʱˣǾʵԭλҽĴ
ʱߣزŴˣҲϽʱûʵʲô⣿
û⣬˵̥ȣֻҪԴܵĴʮ꣬ӷף˵Ǻλûңλʩ룬ס̥ģ
ʲô򡣵ˡ˵Ŀ⿴һԵ֣࿴ģز߻ˡ
¹ϵززû˵ҪҪ˵ˣŶһ²һµԭֻǺ
ϴȻʹͻȻһҽĴҲǼϲ˲˵̬ȣҲ׷ʡ
ҽڣ»òˡϴǻ˵ȤĻˡ
˵ŷеĻϴ뿪˳زززȻߵҽտһЩ³£Ҷһġ֪⻹Ϊ֮
ĸ׷ģѾʱ£ӻûãС޴زЦŸͣͬ˵ĻһҪ£ǽ⵹˵һ˶Ϊ
ĵͷҪľز⻰
ĸףʱˣȥɣҡ˻£زǶֱգ۾ǲϣµġ
˵˲ϵĵĸöһģƽմ׺ͣڰɣϾŶġ
ǰĸȥɣҾͺáû뵽һز˼Ͻֻͣ˻ȥ
Ҳãزز»ȵģزز㣬֣òҡ˵վͣ˸Ͻ˰µ𶯣š̥£
ҲɡϽӹزɴ۾ϣǳգգۣЩ˳֣ʱ򻹲֪ʲôǹϵͷϻҪҪ
ģϼȻ֣ˣصҲãززͷЩģס
ǣ˶ԷˣزҲӦ´¡
ˣزϣæصˣֱĸöˣҾ£һºйأŲĸ֪̫ࡣ
ôйأزãһֱϸҵ£ûԹϵأڻˣ


069ŵ

, ô뷨ǰԵʱ
˦ӵĺ˼, زߵϵǰ
زһ, ز, ŵؿ, Ҷ˭֪
ԭֻɾ, ڼϰһЩ˵, 𰸻زѹȻΨ֪µˣ, Ҫô˵
ҲĸҲ£ǲҳ, һ֪, Ҳһκ˵ģҾɷģҪΪܰЩһһʮĸزز̾ؿϡ
һ̾صҲ֪Щùһʱһ, ڻ£ҪĶΪ֮, ǡ
Щѹϵˣ˹ñԼõ˲֪δⲻΪ˵ļɺ֮Ķʧ⡣
ز˼, 㲻봫ȥ£İɣᴫȥġֻĻˣǣֻ»£
ڣؿԷֶ˭˶˭˶ҲֻЩʱգøһ֡
ϷŵùززڸҲûʲô£Ҳã
лЦŵлزؼ⣬ϵǴȤصԭΪףЩǻýأȴϳɣ弸һģ
زһ˵ЩΣȻСʵʵ仹꣬һ㶼С
ˣЪţʲô㣬Ӧšز˵Ӧ»£ûвϽ֮⻹Ϊ֮ǰزû취ȥ
ϵˣɲǼˡ
һ׵ĳڣ˷ġ
زϽ£Ȱȵģ˻˸ڣڣû˵ڣҲһ˽
ٴ˯ز߳ȥæصȥ
һһĽȥˣһֱûȥ
ȵȡزҪأżлҲͣ£ͷزڡ
زʵҵ£˵㶼֪̫ţЩϸû㡣
ļ޶ز˼˵ƫֻǻɡΪ֮ҶҪǺúõ㡣
ֻ˵ҵ˶ǻ̵ģŸճھˡ
Ůɶԣԭɵػ㣬Ϊֻعܼ޵ɾʵңֲһ˶ҵš
ȥ飬ȻǺõģֻŮţв㣬п˺һӦ޶˶뷨Ҳǹ˼Ÿջ򣴨δʱȥ飬δϵ
Ҫ֣Լȫȥ飬ģֻܻϣƽƽºӾǡ
лǿصллزıӻزҡҡͷһ˲˵һҸ£Ϊ̥£Ҫ˭û˼Ūײź÷
Ӧ£ͬزĻڵõģģ
֪زϣ˵Ϊûȫ
棬زȥɡ
ȥڵز⻰ҵһҾȥزһһֱŸװϳɻͦ۵ġ
ززˡʱĴزıϣ˳Ÿزıز
˳ëըë
ҵһ׮һ׮ڶһ磬˵ղýˣΪ˵϶̥õľ͹̽һ¡
ŵ˵ϲǰأȴΪ˵̥߰ɣȥһ͡زڸϢæ׼һͳţ¸˺ز
ǣӦһزһĽų̿һЩһȥ֡
زϣڣڸڣغǷ㣬ÿһʮĸˣֻͿź֬ȻŬĴùѿµĺࡣ
ز׼ҽ㣬ˡ
ǻص򣴨һؼͣزЦӯӯشкϵýæزԭƷˣҪõĽã˵ͷһˡ
زһָĻϲɫʵһң֪γƺ
簲ҽܵ簲زĿ͸Ŵô⵱ãҶҪţ
ǺżȥϰزǲŲæصżն̥ЩҲģ»ûѣȻĽ㣬Ӳʣ˯һЩǲ㣬Ҳ˵ʲô
һֱ˵Ľţزûڹļӣˣ
簲һʼزһŲõñӣû뵽زȴýˣϵ׽ɣҵĳ뾪ϢȻ̥ĽãֻΪ벻ãҲܴϢɡ
زΪĶˣǰȥˣҪٲʶȤˣͲ˵ʲô˰ɡ
زĻ簲ףǰزȻᣬ϶Ҫ࣬ȴһˣ˵£ȴǲ˰ѱµˣ˼ҡ
λҵϱųά˼ܵҪĻһ䶼ҷ˵ֻһ׼ҽ㡣
û뵽Ʒᣬȴ˰¡ۿû취ΪزҸԽزȥϣżżҲţسزһļɺޣù˭
ҶһˣһԵ໥ǳѧŵѧòôãĽ㣬Ը˵˵ϲãҶ˽ãزЦȻ簲Ŀº͡
һ٣زòٽؿڵĸ˵̥żǣʲô̥δǰ˭ؼ
ز˵һһ˶ϵİ簲⡣
زĿ⿴Ѿ֪ʱز֣΢ףز˼
ˣ׼ҽϵʲôϣǺţز̵ĳϵζע簲ı顣
簲һĻңزһһʾԼڵĻشѵ簲˵䣿
ֻѰϰˣֵһᡣ簲˵زȴ˵Ҷ֪٣ȴжϵˣϵ㣬һ˻ˣ֮ǻᶯ̥ڼ֮󶯵̥Ҫ㣬ǰǶû취ġ
ѻ˵簲ѪˣãΪҪ
˵㺦ˣز޹ʣĻһֱָ簲ˣ


070겻ɢ

簲û뵽ز˷, زո˵Ļһ䶼ûָɱ˵, ֻѯϵζԼ˵ϵζôˡ
˵ϵкʱ򣬾дĵ, 벻ܳ, 뾡취ϴϵɡ
ȷʵк, ǲ, ѰĴ, ô˵زûˣζккһ, еһžͻ֪
ңҲ֪, 簲ǿ򶨣ٷŲ֪, زĿȴȻ͸⡣
֪ã֪Ļ˵ͬΪŮ, ţҵ, ҵˣ뺦ϵĹѪǵزˣĿתض簲, ҲҪ£ҲӲţܲӲ
ңûУã䲻ǵ׵ãǴСһ𳤴ôẦ簲Ŭ˵ˣ֤ûаֹϵһ֪ˣϵζô£һŲ֪
ز㲻֪Ȼã֪ѰķʣѰĸأ
һµˣôӲ
㣬ҵȻ֪Ҳ֪顣簲ϽҪƲϵ֤Լʲô֪ϵ¶޹صġ
ز㲻˵˰ɣǾɡ
ݾߣγΪ˰ճزͿͣں棬һеĻ簲ߺһҾ
߾ˣܲ׽ߵ˾ͿˡûŪǲ˹⺦޶ǰ򲻻Ź¡
ˣزߵֵȷ簲ϵζմ˵ζҲ϶̥ĸԭѾӷת޷ǶǴӦδܱ֤ȫǳ
ġһҾӦ£һᴦá
֮ϰ̥زŷĸʳ飬ȴ֪˶ˡ
簲µ£ȻָҳϹϵˡ
ȲԸ޸ң˵ҩԻ֮ͰƲһˣҲʣҼֵٸʧ棬ﱻΣרŹѺŮӵĵطȻһ㶼Ůӱؽȥġ
ңֳʧ֮µʱ򣬱Ҵң˵ˣϸҶֳһЩ޷ǾμҲϣҲƷ⣬뵱ٳˣôܡ
ϧҵһ²ȫԼϱˣֳ¿򵥣Ǿǳ֣취ҳڣ⡣
׽˿һ飬¾ȻΪңҿ̫徻ΪۿžԴҲҵ
ǵļƻȻ٣ȴһЩլŵСϷҷ׺һĶ⣬ǵİϷ򲻿ܡ
һ֣Ӿ͸ˣұõ˾Ǽ棬ʶԷǻû˵ڣˣ޷ǿ߶Էļ̫ɣȻֶζԸǼҵˡ
زֵ֪úܴ󣬴һ涼һȴһ⣬زݼµ˶֪زޣýȢޡ
ȵ޷򣴨㣬ֻܾǨ֮ʱһ䡣
زһϢҾǨʧˣֽţȴû취Ѱˡ
ҵֻǰ¼£ûİ·ϣҵҾǨݵĴ¸Ҫ
㾡ڰţڼݺ򣴨֮䣬ҪΪܸһ£ҪϣڼݴһȰæ
û취ڼ֮䣬򣴨УÿæŰæѰ£ΰǨݵи³̡
ֳֻ˴Ķٽõ嶼Ȱǲ˴Ǩ壬˵ˣ֮˾һ𣬲ʲô⡣
ӭȰ򣴨ս֮أб䣬ķϮ룬˾
ҾǨ˶ϵǡ
ڼʱȱڼݣֵİ£뼽ӣӱȴԸݶȥһ屾ֶǨ֮ü˴ŴůļڣƺƵȥ
һ࣬ȻͶ࣬زΪ¸ȴ׳ӦԼǿ򣴨ûǨ·ϣһֱҲ˴˿ˣزı²СǴ˽£ֶΡ
˿ز⣬һ·ϣ˲СزһæչпϣҪźˣ˵˻ЩЩûôģزȷʵҪࡣ
һ·˵˼ݵǰͷҲú͸صԱ棬ѹ˲ˣ˼ݣ˽ĵһȴǿ۹⣡
ɹֺݣͻȻһ仹û׹ô£ز³ϵѣ˵Լѡġ
ʲô׵ģֻ΢΢һЦĸ˵Цˣ
ʡʡɣţƫƫװһܲززǰˣ˵Щ΢΢һæؽ͵Ȼᡣ
ͺãᡣ˵زĿԽ⣬һ·ͣĸ׻ǻȥϢɡ
㸸׺ƼʲôϢ𣿡Ǩ°ǻˣȻģ
û̻ش˵Ŀ⿴żӣѵص²ң㸸׵İΣϵش󡣡
Ϊ˸ܲԼķ䣬δ֪ܻ׳¡
òſڵ׿ɱ̫󡣡
ôң£Ǵʧɫû뵽׿ȻӦô죿
ϢϢأ壬ĴǰҪαȫˡżػؼң˵ؾǨΪµ£򣴨Ϊս֮أ򣴨ûܱı
¶׿רƳ͢·Զֿ׿˵Ŀ˸⣬󺺵ҡҡ׹ûϵܻԸ£¹̫ƽˡ
󺺣Ѿҡҡ׹ңһ㣬Σϵһٷµˡ
˵½Ҫս£̾һǲֻ뵽ս¾ͻңңܻһ㱡ɴ
ʱҲҲ֮ңңҶƽҺ֮Ϊƽ߲֪٣õģ
˵ŻãŻãҲһŬذ±øá
ĸףɾزϰȵĽϣŻо˺պ࣬ȷػһǵѹġ
˵£˵£ʱƣԺ󰡣չ
ĸ׵ˣʱʱչԼĺӣҲܰչˡ


071һ

ĸ׷ģ, ˵µʱƣزγǹƺ, Ͱ¸˵׿ר, ɱ˲, ƺ, ҵûʲô¡
Ϊӽ, ƺ֮, Ҫȡһʱỹû
׿ٵҪźö, ϲŭ޳ǴȨյˣҪЩ, Ҷܷġ
زӦˬ죬ûʲôٺ, ǳز˵ЩҲˣ˼ң¾ȥ, ҪˣҲؼһʱ
ǵزۻ, ϸضزչԼһЩ
ǣزǹɵӦ£ʱ٣æ, ĸס
⺢ӣ֪ȣһ
ĸ飬ûǰӭĸףĸ֡ȸϽزҲһԼȻǲ⣬Ƿ˵ĸȽȥϢɡ
Щûмˣ˿ŶӶϱТ˳¸ο
ֻǰ°ŵò࣬زԺڼʱɫ̴䡣
¾ӵĸۡȻû򣴨Ĵ󣬲סһ˻Ǵ´ģڵװβ࣬Ǽª
زɫѣЩͷɾղѬ㣬ϻô㡣
էȻһ٣ȴջ˼ЩЦãҵﶼززģززң
زɾͲ棿
ززΪҽáӻزɾзѬ£䲻Ѭ㣬ǻζġ
⣬ֻİ취֪زࡣ
סزصززˡ
ɾҲˣˡɾӿֳɾ˵ʲôɾɫѣزˣ顣
ŻЩɫΪԬá
һزʧɫֳ˵ԭ򣬸ҹԬܡ
˵زȴǿɾô룿
ٿٿԬཻȴ֮Ƴ磬˵ҪŷšʱֻңزЩȻ֪һЩȴ֪ġ
˵ͷز˵£һʱˣ˯ɡ
ɾб䣬زǵȴΪȻص£±Զֻ֪˭ҵ
Ѱһ־ͬϣͨıеʶˣһȥذز˯ɡ
زģæ̫࣬һ·Ͷ٣ֻǲϵСĲģŻװԼһֱߴϢҲϢ
˯ɣڣγ֪ز࣬Ҷˣδ˶زһӦͶ٣ˮ˲֪֮ǿˣҲûо¡
һгԵĴõģлһˣزðŴעõټ֮ʱлĽʿǣʿľһдǲνĸлǵֻǿ£ްֵĲ
Ҫһ㣬ôȥزصңߣֻ˯ˣ𣬾ز˯涼Ҫˣɾ
˯ɣֻǽ˱ϣز뵽ϲ࣬δԡ¡
޷һ֮ﾡ˾ǡҲˣȻҲ벻ԡ˯£һز࣬ز֪飬ֻӦһá
еɾĸڰ˯Ƕ뵽زԸֻҪһЩõȱϣܹõɣԵĶȷŷţٹá
ĸȻмҪö࣬δ֮ʱز뵽˵Ĳףǻһ£ӲΪѣ˵Ƕϲһĵؿĸ¶Ǿľ
ԺаһҹߣǻһİĻЩʵ̫ˣ۵زԼôŹġ
˯úãҲ÷ĺãزʱͷ˯ע⵽˺öࡣ
ЩߣҪڼΪѰһ֮أ˵ֻķ£ƺûʲôѵסز֪Ϊü²ںδܰȻɷѿġ
زҪָȴ׽˸ţز۾ɾΪβ˯
ЩûһҹߣززڣģһڵģزЦãɾڿ𣿡
֪ô뵽һ˵޵ʱزһȴЦǰҿزز
زͷɾģһģʲôʱ򶼻ڣ
ģģ͸ˣڽ£ӻţǻһߵһġ
һ٣ȴЦˣز̧ͷȴûһĶûסشչȥǹĶͷɾԺǻϲҡ
һ£ȫסˣÿززִŵĵ
Ϊޣܵ¶˿ĵôˣ
زΪҪѧŵ㣬ѧźģ
ָزĴز֮ʱ˵ʲôǱԵͷתģһʱû壬ϴ̹زż˵ʲô
ĳ˾Ȼֱ׳ظҪףӦ׶ͷӦոһ
˵ôҪţҪ̣
Թͳˣһţһҵ˼ݣĵطδ֪жҪȥù
˶ˣʶʲزֻǰõȥ˼زʱص㰡㣬̫ʵϣΪЩԵľǣһ·æòɿЪЪ
ĸףû£ɾˣǰæûܹɾɾڣһɾһЩزôģҲôġֻǵĻ̫زˣԿȥһЩ£¿زУѹʲô۵ӣǻһЦ
ῴˣزγҲˡ
ǳЩˣռ޽Ƽҵʱཱུģݵüˡ
ҲˣֻԼҪԼչ˺ˣزֶزԼĸףǳˣұ֮ǰࡣ
˵ز˵ģֻļϣΪûԹڿԵĴ£ô࣬زɸˣٳһ㣬ٳһ㡣
˼ز߸˵ӣ鲻ԾҲˣزصȻϲá²ż١
һȫûǹܲ˸ˣ߲Ů죬ֻܶزȥ죬ȴһʱز뻺Щ
Ǳ߻ÿŵ㣬Ĳڿ쵽ˣϵĲǿҪˣ˾ٲŶλš
֣ƽӣһ֣лһԼʶֵҽŵĪ֡
ãһ֡һ˼ҵ飬л˼ңʵͦõġ


072ཻ֮

⻰һЦ, ˰ˣзִ, ôôɣ⸮ܡܹ, ҾһЩ
͵ø, ˹һӵļ, ȴǺȨ, ֻΪҪ, ҪΪǴú󷽣޺֮ǣ, ǲףǵȥ
ز, һߵĶϱԼŴ, 壬ٳҲż
ǣû¶زȥ죬Ƿſزȥ, زһͺܺ, Ҫ¶˵ģÿ˴ķǲһôҪһ
£ȥæ, ǲæͶЪЪһʱЦŰ˴ˣزӦһ
ز֪˳ȥһǰʳе㾡ó
ԲԲİӣһһмСˣϲԵġ
û뵽ȴ۹áϱϱ岻٣ȴӵĻϲļҽףܵ˫˫⣬Żᶨ¡
ǰɵ۹һܺá͸͵˵˵ھǲأ
ɩ飬ΪһӵˣܵøϽİѻ²ٰðɡ
ǰ򣴨ĺüңȥŸ֮ȴ⣬ϱģҪһˣϲ벻ϲôҪżӶԼ֮ȥˣڸǿѡ
Īżɾڼݣ˼ݣ취ٿǡݵ١˵γָһطõķʽĪðʱһӾڼΪһ˼ңؼݵҪǿɾɫĶ˼һܶࡣ
һҲԣˣҪڼΪڴһ˼ңͦõġ
ǵôˡͷ̾ˡ
ز˵̰Ѽе˶мǰøЩ˵
˶ǴӲģȻȥĶǾͻȥĶһӶҵĲĲ˻ϲʲô⡣
زʱ˹ֻǳضЩǶˣȽ¶ٺúһ͡
ֶ˿ĵģز˲ǵһˣһֱܴ󷽵زʱһ˵ͣһ˶˵ֱЦʶزԸһãס
Ҳûʲô£Ǹļݣ¶δҲġеİ裬ǰ򣴨ǺģͰǰ衣زԸȥһˣصͷ
زѸİȫһֵأô֤ССİȫ˵լ£ʵҲԺ¡
һŶͷʾһá
زѸ¼Ҫ£¶ԸˣϣǸϽȥɡ
⸮ﶼҳ»°ţֻ׽һţ˵ĲŮôϸ˵δܹ˵ϰš
Ȼûиһݣô˵ǴСһ𳤴壬ʲô׵ģһӦ뷨׼լӵʱڣȥͦġ
լӰɣңȥһȴڷԸΰ£ˣʱҪЩزϽǰϽȥЪŰɣʲôʱˣ㻹żЩ£
زϸϽΪӭززԵεصű𶯣Щˣ
ͬʱν˵ѾߵϵߣϽá
˵ɾⰲЩºŮǲһģɾΪãֻš
ǹ˵ûã㽫ȥزЦػشٴЦô˵Ҿͷˣܹҡ
Щӣѵʱ򣬶һֱߵˣزˣȻŮ˸Ůˡ
ز˵ϱŰ취óԵģһȥͶƢֻԽĽġ
³ε˾زˡ
򣴨ʱĸĸܳ㣬ֻһˣǾȤزȤһʣȴزֵҺãĸδܼ
˸ԣزЦˣ㶼ô˵ˣҶٺһЩɣ˭˭˭̫ã
֪ҡزǿЦ˵Ļϸ͵صͷʾûôġ
زǾͰţҰ°Űţպ£պ˵
ϸڿԷһţ¸˾ְҲˡ
¶׵ˣĸЩ𣿡вܲʱزϲź˳һ䡣
زͷĸ׵Ѿãõġ·ԸȥˣǻᰲźõģԸϽ㡣ţǾﰲŵòȫôô䡣
ǲ֪һ·ϵ£Ī˵ĸˣ˲ȫ˶˵۹⡣⻰ǰĿޣϢʱ˿زΪʳסУֻй֮޲δز˵ļҵϱ֪Ȼҵʱ򣬶޲ڡ
ҹֲ˼ġزһǰ϶Цˣز񲻺˼ģ
ز̾һⶼ㿴ˡ
ǣزҪ˵ʱˣضã˽ûٶϿģزĻ˵࿪ЩĺӻƯÿ
һʼо·ϣ̥㺢Ӷסʱʱĵţºû취ƽ
زܶЦĺеĺܸܵĻϲԽԽƽͣżֶ̥˵ӺܿϵǷˡ
زЦˣˣ
ˣزʵǲ죬ǾЩ̫鷳زˣһֱ鷳ȥ˲ŻԼ£زõģƽ϶ЩʲôƺҲӦ̫⡣
ɿڣǰϴ򣴨ļ£һЩ
°ȥ˶ȥˣزע⵽˵ʱϲϵس԰ϵʳʵ𣿡
ǳԲȥΣԲˣȴܳЩʳ֮øһˣ
뵽Ͼùֲ˼ģزȴЦãˣİɣ³֤һѷ˳꣬ԺԵ
ϵȻ֮õģǡǲ̫ˣ
¶زæһֱ鷳˰
ģæʱ͵ŰɡزЦἰһҲԣززϲˣҲ԰زģ֮ദһأҰһصĽ
ĻҾͲ˵ˣ£ҶˣһرġͨûٱŤز˵
񻰡زԵصͷˣˣٺò


073װɵ

´, լ̫Զ½֪ԴӶ׿ɱ̫󣬡͢, ¸ȺԿ׿Ѿɼ
ڼ, Ȼµ, ˱, Ȼƽ
պز, ҪȥһԬ
Ǻ᣿ǾټҶǨʱǼж, ǼѾˣԬܡ
ǰ뼽֮ʲôףȴδܴɡزȥԵǼݵԬ, ܵǸʲôᣬź֪Ӧԡ
ֻѰ˲Ӿۼ, ŶὫ, Ǹƾ¡˵زˣ£˲Ϊ, ӶͣⶼǸҳõ·, 
£ݣҪʼġ
ãڼ㣬زֻ, ̫࣬ز𣬡пɾòԼϯ𣿡
һҪλش
زֻЦһʣһĺÿжٵŮɻĶȻϲԺãϲɾŮǰͺֻ̣һζǺõģ
ʲôطԾӦ˶Ů˵̬ǣŮ˶ˣҪ̬ʵҲðɣ
ЦˣȴšüͷʵΪζЦ
¡ɾֻҪ֪жŮɿɾи֮򣬲ɶ࿴ԵŮһ۾ͺáزգ۾˵΢΢һ٣ֵͷ
ɾ˵Ԭǰɾӹ̴ǰ棬زڵǷޡ
Ժ򡣡
Ӧȥţ㵣ģ
Ҳġߵֻ֤ǸҵġɾǸҿԵŮɣҾɾ֮˵ǰЩѾ˵úڿ̸̸Ǿ̸̸ɡ
˼롣һزӣȣ㿴Զ֮ˣ
زųʹţɾȻ֮ˣҲǵôΪжԼʧˣɾһҲã࿴һۣɾԡ
һգززΣʣ֪£زô
鰡ɾ棬Ҽ飬شҵ֮ءز˵ﾹȻ۾ֱģ
šüͷزǲ֪ʱ»᲻ôңҪ̫̫ƽƽĸжã
̫ƽˣǮɣܹɽˮĴˣҸһ¡뵽زʼˮ
زززʧ֮ѹԱߣһҲزһ̾زز㣬֪ûǲã
ո뵽ɽˮէȻһ̾زȻصȻǺõġһգ֤ɾѾ˱Ҹõˣ˽ȡᣬãеãµģõģ˿ôѡ
ززѡԼ۷ʲô¶Լġزһ¶Ϊˣزû뵽ʶãദ಻ãȴܿһʲôˡ
Ҫ˵˰زܺദƢܺһ㣬ʵĴ²ԸϣӣкҲвá
ӵˣ˽棬ԽĵߣǲܵģǷ˲ȹĵߣ˼زڻƴơ
ȴܺá
ΪβأһǶ˵ֻҪزãһһãزͻһ𣬰ͷϣ롣
زܾе֣һʱ˵ﲻԡ
߰ɡȻزǸʲôӣزУϲ٣ȴΪһݻϲԼεľء
ԣһ죬ϲԵŮɣǲģҪҪ£ȴԶվԭصˡ
ִز֣֣εؼһ仰ִ֣֮Яϡ
Լ˵ĻԼϣһ֤Լ
ز֪뷨ֻǸоЩƺ̫ȷǲڡ
˶ǣˣô᲻أ
ͷ˦߰뷨ŵʱȻڣó
֣޶һЦŻֵԼֵܺαض񡣡
һԵĳݼʱ˼λɾˡ
΢ףˣ
ĵлңǴ˵Ĺͣ
زϳȥȷزȥزأ
ںͷزʱ壬
ز֪϶ϲֵˣ磬ǲܲȥġ
Σز̽ӻãЩӶҪæֻ»һš
˵ﻰܸɶˣҪΪ˷ģҵʱ򣿡زȤһ˾ززҲûԼӵ˼
ֺõЦţղͺãղͺá
ɣĪüõȡӵǣֶʲôģ˵ؼһʱǸϽ߰ɣԴߴ١
롣ȼһкȻؿˡ
ģһżҾ죬ڼ˳ţһȥ磬ĺãÿݳڵķ羰
Ӧһ˸ŽԬһ°ûǲģٱµ޶滹Ǻܿ
ɾҿװɵ𣿡زһ֪ĵ
ʱزϲμϯڿǲϲҲϲֻ£˺ɵϣʱɵϵǸ˻ӭ
û뵽һһ⣬װɵ
ɾû˵ģװɵǿװװɵĶ԰ɣزգգ۾ʾû˵ЦÿװɵģֻҪ⡣
ɡز˵װɵػش
ɾȻ֮ˣ֮ɾȻԽԽãЩ˵Ůɶԣʵûʲô̫ĹϵֻҪǵͱʲôá
ķ֪ηӦĺãززϲôô
žװɵӣز
սز֣ǰ·δ㲻غ£Ѷң¶Լҵδҵ;ҵѡʲôûйϵġ
¸ز̫ѹ뵽ԼԭʱҲزϯᣬʱҲ˵زŮɣŮйϲȥ˲ϲĵطȴϲý
˵øĲǵزɵӣʶزǺģ˭
ˣôܱԵˣʶ顣
ڣزװɵװɵŪز峺˫ԵΡ
زϲʲôԸ֧̬ȣЩ¾ǲز¶ᴫĶñ˵Ķ߽زԼȡ


074ҳ

ɾ, ӣ³ʱִĿ, ͣ£洫ز³
Զ, ززӦԱΪֻ֮ǳز, ز΢΢һ, Ѿ, ǣزһ³
Ⱥһ, ̾һҲ˼ɵʱ򣿡
ָǣز֣صкε˼֮
ޣִ֮, кҪ˼ɵģ
ֵֶʧԣֶʧԡ롣
ճ, ѧԡ
߽ţزһòõ, ʮҵͣȡǻϲӭǰص, , 㵽ˡ
үǰ緢Ԭ˶ֻʿһ, ԬȴֵҰ壬˿
Գˣɾ̳Цʢ㣬üߣ¶
£Ԭϲشǽȥ˵
˽ȥԬܸǰ˵׿ˣʩʵҲ¸壬˶֮λΪΣ
ˣв֪ĺҲ֮ԵߣѾ뿪ɱ׿
һʩҷӣɱ̫󣬴˵оɱ֮Ϊ˳Ҳ
ĪҼཫӦɱ׿͢ұΪ¡磬һΪ͹ӷϴҲλһıߣһ¡Եģϯһֱˣᵥֻ˺ȾƳԷȫǽźȾƳԷͷҪ¡
롣Ϊһ˵Ԭܣ˿ŶֻǶһۣûжԡ
زֱ֮ӾѾ󣬶һ仰˵
˵ȴһֱעԬܣˣԬ٩٩̸ǺҪ˵ʿȥ󿴵ڳȺˣԬܶһүǰԬڿߒ
˵ʵڻ󺺵ĺү٣һ࣬ԬҲǳԬүģǳΪ
زԬܵȴܾòʵʱ⴫һɧʲô˳ˡ
ԬʱԬܵɫÿزززһ
ŮǷģڿǷֲˡ
ҸµŮ쵽ڶûˣزȥ棬ز죬СΣ
ֳĶֻĨƽ鰴£ס
˼زɵӦ£Ŀ⿴ſڵķ򣬶ԽԽˣ˾ţҲס
˵ԬԬϴңΪ˺ƣʿڼݵԬ磬κΣʿ޲֪һȴһãĿ߽ˣǽŲýŵİɣýȴǽˣ²Сء
վͬվûĿ⿴ǰһ˲֪٣ڵԬܵı֡
Ԭȴǰܵңȥԡپۣ
ûزȴ뵽ԶϣͬؤһǲԬܵİŵģʱվ˵ͬ˵Ļ˵δԬܴʿţеȴǽȻͬ£ǰһɵӣԬܵıΪΣʲôľٶһ
ϧʱԬܻװԼӦҪʲôطˣ׷棬Ҫ£̫ˡ
Ԭ֮ģУһ뾡취ȥ˭ҪǸɱɱ
Ҿ·ͦõġԬүв֮ܣǷвţҾʲôѡ˵㿴еĲҵҵĳؤãһҲȫͷţһҵĲ֪ʲô治Ŀ˾ǰ˲ˡ
ǣһʿˣǲһ˴ʲôѣ˵ʲôǳʲôӣֻܲΪıߣɲΪ⡣
Ԭû뵽ԼѾȥϢҲ˵һϴɾԸ˵Ƕȴûֻ˵Ļ
Ԭү㿴ҴʲôѣǸʲôӣܲΪ󣬻ΪıøҪزĬ⣬ȫж˵
زĿ⿴ǰתϣע⵽زߣЦЦǰ¶ûйϵ
ûйϵŹء´ңҪѰһ˶ı֮ѡһʲôˣһ˾ˣǼٵѵҪ
ΪҪҪϸǰһõˣγǴͬ˼̽ԬֵûǲֵЧ
һ㣬Ԭ֪ܲ
ΪԬ̫ҲΪûа취˶Σע
δ̸´ԬܵɫЩѿΪ⣬ǲشġ
ܹشܲڳǷݷУҪɣ
ֻһ֮ߣԬү֮˵ݱǺ֮أԬүüݿϲݺŻҪأؤûаԾʳһһԬѿ
֮أ㣬üߣʶԭɹ˿أĺõطǻԬүһ㶼ݲ£գذܡؤĻϻһ򿪣˵ĻԽϬԵģԬܲڽЩݣ
ؤЦվǲӭҵģҲҲգԴȥ
²Ը£ܱһЩ̲͵Ǹµ񡣡ԬȻɫѿ Ǹ˵ģϽĳԣһЩ̲Ҫݵؤ
ˣȻһͦõģ¶ƾҵıزסֻɱ֮ͬؤ˵ζʱѾվ׼ˡ
ԬȰģؤȴԬһҾԬүء
˵űأѾˣԬȻϲ⣬˶ˣҪ̲Ļ˵ˣ˼Ҳգαټ͡
˲֣Ԭ˵һҪµͻȻȴֹԣǲ뻵ˣͣװӶֻ޺
ؤЦ߳ȥϧˣϧˡ
ϧʲôȴǲģʲôÿϧġ
ԬˣµĿ˶ǳ壬µʿһһдţ˽ȥزֻ֣һĿഥزףǲΪԬЧġ
ȴǴߴٵصȥɡ
µѾԬܵĻţԬܴΣġ
ȽȥɣҺ͹ߣύһλʱȥǸ̸ۣ˵ĶǷб˴˵Ļαˣߡ
Ƚȥ֪Լ˼ȥͲȥɡ
塣ȣһô
ˡ˵һ̾


075±

ز, ֶ˵뷨һ£Ԭܲˡ
Ѱȥɡ˵, һ̾ݲľ֮ء
ûнӻô, Ƕ, Ϊ, ¸ð졣
زǼһַ׿һ»𣿡
ǻġһһֱ, زȥ, һϵΣ
ٰܲĲܲ, Ǵ˵еزʷ֪λ, ΪˣʱҲ˵ڲܲٵĴ, һλĴ棬ƺ˵Ҳ̾һаš
Ϊ˹аţزۼλġĻڻû
ϵѾ¡Ƕµʱ, ʱܲ٣עһܲ, ̫ˣЩ۲죬ѡһٿ
ż
ǶԬܵĵ, Ԭһװ͵ˣװװˣһװ˾ǺӣͶˣԬΪӻҪװȡ
һϯʲôûȷǰѼ£֣ԬҪ֪޵İɣ
ԬܿȻЩΪϱȴӵҪǲɡ
ӽճϯﲻѿǰμԬϯ˲٣вȱˣôˣеĶܲ˵Ͳ˵˵˵ԭ
ǲҪԬܣγڿǰμϯˣЩˣǵ˻ѣҪ˽İ
زֻܸǣ˶ĵطȥֻ£˵ˣǵͷǴкֻ˰ˡ
ͽȥȴѾѡԬܣȻҪƼģԬǰȥˣΪǵԴʶԬܻȵǰǡ
һԬֱܵӣһǺȾơ
˶žȴܾصүʢ飬ӦƴǣֻǽЩʣơ
ǲģȴҪѰģԬһֵ̿ڼŲþζˡ
빫ﾹ˵ˡԬܴȤ˵εصбֻͣŲþζˣ֮֮
ԵأԬܵĿע⵽زλǣ
׾һ䣬زһֱͷʱǰӦ
˿ԺȥԬܿڣŮǰزȥģ£˳ݣδ˼ݵĽһ߿
ǰز˼ȲؿȴûҪĵ˼ǿԬʵүлֱ˵
Ԭû뵽ԼĵһҪͱܾˣܿػع񣬳빫֮ţܳλΪĻţ֪λΣ
ֱӽ˵ԵȲȻȴĵʱδ֪үüΪþʱ˺ͣںү
˺֣ǷĿ˵ģվǲԸԬʲôԬȴǰգѾ˼£ûзŵ£ῼһ£˸ոշ£ֻǲͶԬܵġ
ֺγǣվҪѰһסˣʿӣгְʱ˵ֵģʵ򲢲ദ
Ӧ˵ΪʿûһǲвŶ԰ģֻ¶û¶
û뵽˴ԬܵǰˣؼʱλȻǾܾģһֳˡ
֪ԼԬܷѾģôףԬˣἽݵֶΣкζԴֶΣǿϵĵطȿԬܣԬԿܸıġ
ЦЦصү㡣
ʿвţ˳˵һ仰˲žͻվǰԸ˳
ֻԬܵµ˲٣ҶԬ֮ģȱǺˣȴѹ˳ټ
Ļģһ˵Ϊܿóˣȴδء
ã͹⡣Ԭܲһֱϣվ֣շ˵̬ȣ˳ƶ飬ն˶֮ϲ֮ǲ£ҷţУһʿ壬⣬ǹ鸽
һҾͣҲˣֻǰһۡ
̾˵ʿʵȻ
Զв𡣡ܽᣬˣֶ˲Ż᲻ԸԬܡ
ֻ塣̾һǼҿһѾԬܵˣǳȥô죿
£ΪԬãζԡ֮У˲֮֮ʿǶҪġ
ûеõһʿķҲ˼ʿ֮ˣΪ޷ȷһˣʲô
Լڼݾ㲻Ԭֻʲôҵ˼ΣǸԼ֮
ز˵һĻһ˼ĬĬΪԼһ򣬵ÿŮɰɣҪеģôǶ£ܱǣѵ¡
زȻһֱԼΪŮɲǼ仰Ľ棬Լ˵ǵŮɵĺãʲôıڱӦЩ֮Ȩ
ͷز־ˣԺҪһЩ
ɾزĬĬţһ˺ʵѣȴһŮɵĽлزӦѰȥ
ɾֻһԱߵҲɾɡ
ȴƤûһ£һززززȻתͷȥܹˣȴǣ֣Ҫһߡ
ɾԵȡߣǵٴνлţȻͣûҪͣһµ˼زͷܹǺģȴͷز뿴
ԾúܣѾһǰСܽŮµŮѰң
ȻǡȻȴ֪ģûп̫һľ룬ǰŮɿڣ֪ôһ¡
Ůɹϵؿ˵ŲǣϰˣޱȵصΪŮѰҡȻǣ¸ǡ
زԶˣҪ׷ȥûпܣԹˡ
㣬ȵȡŮɺγûע⵽ʱͲӰкЩûʣʱΪֻһܷŹ
ϰˣʶֻʵŮ£
λǺˣԣǺˣŮ뵽ԼϢϽ׷õһ𰸡
֪⣬Ļ㲻ֶݣ֡
ܰôһæĲܡ˿ڵŮɲѾ֪ˣɾ
лҪ˵ز·࣡
Ǿǣճˣ

076ϲλ

ɾ, ҵɾüλ㵽һλŮ˵ǵһ֪, ǶǱǶеһ
Ůɣ֪һλѾзˡЦ, ɲʱ˵, Ҫֵϵ̥, ˡ
, ҲȢˣȫĴ, ѹǲȢޣ˼Ҿǳġ
ƲƲ죬֪˶Ѱ, ǳ̫ÿ, ÿֻһ¡
ʵòɣֻǺվһ, ǲһЩãҲûŮע⵽, Ҳã, ÿֻҪлɾ͸Ͻܣǿ˵, ˲ϣΪϼơ
ȢˣŮɼδ֪Ǵδ£¸ǡûݱȰŮʲôӶ֪Ǻ϶һαء
㣬ҪܣңŮɵִŵúܣż׷ǰˣ֪Ҫǿϸôܻϵڡ
ӻ־׼ˣز֪ĶȥˣǿԿһԼ¹䡣
ŷһûһĲô
㣬ȵȣȵȡߣŮϾôǰŵ˺һسŮɵŮء
ŮɡӦ󲻿ػصʲôأΪʲôֻĴ
ʣ¾Ҫ㣿ǲ붺ģǰŮִ̫ˣ񲻹ôԴô˵ŲţҪŪݡ
ֻһ֣Ůϣ
˰ǿġܣԶԶľͿ˵һУΪڰɣ޷ȷֶĸĸ׷ʸ
뵽ʱһǴزȥˣԼȥ棬طҲ棬ŮǳģҪǲ̫ݣС
ôģҲ׼ôվŲ˵һԵŮû뵽ȻֱΪξҪԵЩˣңҾ֪
һԻˣŮɣ²ԼΣŮҲ⣿ǲĻԼ 
أĶˣҪŮٲȥȥΪһḡˡ
˵µĽ˿ԱףҲûб˿ĵطҪǱˣ˫Ȼã⣬ĿŮɵ붺ҲûҪ˵˼ʶһ䡣
Ůɾǿû˲Ÿ׷ģãʱЩ˶ŮԵЩżϽ˺ңҸǡ
һ˵ʲô涼ҪŮֻһӶЩҲϰˣ󷽷Ů뿪Ƕ֮еʶˣһͺ񿴵ӣǵģӡ
ܲһֱŲ£͵ɢȥؼҰɣǲǰһˡ
ЦеسŽл˴к߹ȥ
ǣز뿪Ԭ磬úܶ࣬һ·˶֪˶·´ڻ԰ͤУûˡ
ɾôˣѵûˣزӽû˵ﲻ֪жٵ뷨װɵļǳã᲻ϰߡ
¡֪֪ҵ˼ݣԻţʱϵЩ޷
˼˵ˣǶҪкɵģཻͶض࣬һ۾һЩ־ͬϵˡ
Ԭүز̬ȿԬֻܹǻ֪ȷеĴ𰸡
Ⱥ۲𣬲ֻһԬүٿ
ʵزһˣЩӡˣֻڻûȷһʲôˣд㣬û¾ܷһš
زʼʾԼȫûκεʲô㣬ģ
ʱ̤һأҵǽ軨׷һͬͼݵĴ졣
ðزΪԼᣬԼᣬ֮һԼأͦõġ
ززϲʲôĻˣ԰жʢĻ԰ʶЩһʣزϲ
ֻҪúÿǶϲģزɾϲʲô
÷زհٻѵл÷
ͷزȴһ̾ʣɾҪ÷һ֪·ֻһߣ㻹޷˵ȥ
ǡû뵽زһϲоȻѡЩ·κ˶ȥģֻһߡ
ΨԸģһ޻ڡ˻£˰ˣţز˼ġ
ðûϵûɾȥȥܻңһɾģɾġزս֣һһ·һһֱģһߵס
оزǸˣҲΪݴ⣬һοʱľûйĸоǸʱǲЩʲô
ɾҷˣزԼ˵úúõģȴͻȻʧöûعزֻûǰع
šӦһǻعˣĿ⻹زϣزյף
ޡֻ뿴ززˡû뵽Լزȴ˷ա
زں޷֮黰ƫƫ˺ָյɾǸ˾ϲ
Լزʲôϲؿززɾ˵Ǿϲɾţ
޴⡣ΪԼбҪ˵һ£û˼ģزĪᡣ
ԬĻ࣬ûͦá޶˵Żȴ߽һȺزϽջ֣Ŀ⿴ˡ
Ȼ˱û磬ѾˡһȺŰ£ͽɾزȻǻ磬ȤЦЦ
ֻǵͷ׼ˣû뵽һλ˵˱ǻȴæлɾżߣǵĻǵģɾһҲ޷
λ⡣㲻һˣǰһȺûһʶˣǲ֮䡣
Ͼδ֪ǻʲôͬδ֪ϲðգֻѰᣬʿ˶ᶼ˲ӱֲŻĵط
вţȴϲŪ
òڵɾǻδѵǸ뼽ݵɾҵģҾǨ뼽ݣ˲֪£ʱ޶⣬ȴнύ֮ġ
ŴܻǲʧģһҾλλ⣬С


077·

زִ뿪, ȴµȻ֮ŵ, ĽӣȻԵ, ʵҲ, ɾ, һʱ, Ҳʶʶ֮ŵ˵ۡ
Ȼ, ·ˡ
֮ţһޣλȻˡ
ϧ˵Ļ, ǲʲôĽ, ã˶, ǻû
ٵʱһΪңҲΪ, Ȼˣ, ˼ϡ·𣬶ûý·ߵ£룡
زܸܵĵ, ӽݺһֱ飬ز֪Ȱĺá
ǲ𣿡һд˼ϣ˴ʣ䣬֮ʱѪδ֮ɫ׳ҲѪգ֮ڶϣѪ˥֮ڵá
⻰һ£һΪ˶ϻˣȲභӣȫȻ˵ĸ֮ܣ
زĬĬΪޣɣˣһ仰ܰ˴ˣǻҲΪ
䣬ҵ٣ɾٵɾָǵĸݡ̣һֻӮˣһʮɾվһҾĵ̡
ţδΪʦԽ̡ȻӲĻģӲԣʱǣز֣ǡ
ûµ˼סܽеס
زͷһֻۣȺ˳ָָģ֪ǲ˵ڸ߰
ΪʿһûƢֻǲʲô⣿̣µʿ࣬ѵǸ˵ʿĻ̸۽֪Զûô򵥣
زͷԼҲӣԼҲ̫٣˵󣬰Ʋ˵Ŀ˵ĴԴ÷з
Ƽཻ˶֪˵ƲӹŰЩȴһϽˣԸ̵ˣȿ˵ԣѧʣƲĻ˵һ˵ԱѧʸҪ
ûɶزоЩΣһɣɶڼж飬ҵĲ鲻٣ɶһЩƼûС
ã֪£ոտɾһܳǣٺò
һ˵δ֮ǰ͵˶飬ЩԲᣬ֪Ϊڰ׵˽ԴҶá
ز֣һԵ·ϣ˱һʱһ˵
ܿ½ˣֻԬܵĸǰ棬鲻ȴһĲá
زֻûȲΪβܲᵱ淢¸˵ĸǰʲôö˵ڵġ
ٵŰݷáԬܵǿͣɼĿأֻǵʧڵسһЦ
˾ô뿪ŵϣزȻԺ
ںһ߹زӦһǣȸ뿪Ⱦŭⶼû취زģֲزĴ
ز뿪ֵܶ˽˸ûԼȥλҪأôҲӦøȥǳ
Ƥظȥһ̳ڵΪξǧ֮⣿
ΪֳΪҲӦԶԷʣȵԬүţа֮һ·ˡ
δؼͬһ·ˣֳΣļֳȰ͵ԬģΣֳѵȵŭȴֻƽԬ¡
ΪݰȨƾкβԣȻ֪λǰʲô³
ж˵ǷǶԴֻȣһжˡ
ȵһ취ȫ
㻤ס㵽ڶԬǸʲôˡѣȻ޷ֳǲžɿ»㿴϶Ԭүʲôˡ
ȲţǰǶ٣ԭԬ޷ǲԸ붭׿ۣͬӳѵӳģڶ׿ɱ׿˺࣬£ֻǴʵΪ׳Լ˽ΪΪ֮ĵˣ֮
ʵȰûϻһԵ壬Ԭүһ»Ӧ÷һţⲻֵǹ鸽
ȶʱѱ棬Ѿʶ˵ˡ
һᾲڼҶ飬ֳĪԬҵš
ȣԼԸԬҵˣȵѲŶ
ֻѰһѣһͬУΪ󺺣Ϊ¾һİˡԬܴˣ˽̫أԶ֮һﶨۣ׷ʵ˵ĲһʱѾþ
ôͷһţֳңֻܷһȲԸϵ޷뿴ͼȷʵӦþĿţµˣһֵ鸽Ӧ໤
Ȳ֪һǲӦһ壬̫żˡ
ãǶ㲻ɣֻһЩȲͱˣϾѻ˵ǸϣǶ뷨ˣˣֵܣ壬ǵĿһ¡
òᣬ˵л𶼵Ųܷˣߵøɴࡣ
̾һ弱𣿡
ΪֻۣǼ֤Լ޷ԼԼֳѹܴ󣬴ʱ˿̣Īˡ
ҡҡͷԵεصʱȥ𥣿Ԭ̫̫ܶĿŵȥԬܲϲİɡ
վԬܵԬΪã룬׵ûһ˼ɵ˶ʲô˼
ԬһŬ֣뾡취£·ס
վܾԬܵ룬ȴȥ𥣬ǰʧ˼ݣȨʲôûУ˻ؽδ֪Ρ
ԵſԬܵԬܲ
ÿϲǲϲζ˵ѵӦһһʿˣʵǲʿǸӦÿ
̾һȻĵԬܣҾһˣǾǨݶܲл
عͷһ֪
ΪݽܻСķ¡˵ҲбȲʱ򣬱о£ʲġ
忴ʲô£ȥһԬʲô֣
ʱգ¸·غ϶ﶭ׿ԬΪ


078·

һƼᷢ, Цŵʶʲٿؼһʱ
԰, Ϊ飬ŻȲżʱ̬
Ƴһ, ܿ, ǹʵİɡ
, һΪַ׿, ǻӦøԬһȥ, ԺǸΪЧԷŻЩ˵żһʱ
еİ취, һ᲻롣
Ļ, ҪԬܵĸΪĻţֻܸһȥİ
һƳ, ĳλֶﲻ֪жٵ˼Σżʵ, Σ
ⶼˣܵ˼, ̾һ
ַ׿һ£ô᲻ȥμӣȥĻ͵ѰһһǰȥûбԬܸʵˡ
Ͷŵ, ʱ˳ƶ¡ͷ¿ֻˡ
ȰһЩһӵԬ̫ԬܿͲһ󷽵ˣΪˣһ˶ڼݵľڣ˵ԬȻɱһˣȴδظɱȫ壬ǱסԼͼ˵һҪ
ӣزǼٿÿزοƺοˡ
ΪһºԬܸ񣬶һЩزһܼҵ˿ô񣬾ɵˣ˿ҲھȣȺЩòգ
ȵʱĿ̿ص°ɡ
һµĺã񶼲£˭ܰġ
زߣҪǣɼǵǿԬܵģĺǼҵ˵ĸ򲻿ܡ
˽زɾ˵Ԭܲ
ȴҪΪΣ
Ҫġַ׿ıۣʱһֳһѴ˵زڲ죬̫ͻȻء
ģҰˣ˸㡣
Ϊزı۸ز͵صҲ±۸ֻɾʱܹ飿
ǾҪ۱мжֻٽַ֮ȨơĿİһһʱ˵֪׻ôõ֪
ز̾һΪȨƣʲô
˵ҲȴЦŵͷ޷ҲǱá
ǰǰҼ޵ɾȨƣ°պ֡
Ѱһͬһĵˣ²ȷܲѰ֪̾ߵ·ףһֻһǰߣһߣȥ
еġزȻʷ֪̫٣ȴ֪Ѱܲ٣ܲսǰʮ꣬ںΪأ֮ǧš
Լȷ£ز϶˵Цˡززң
ǲɾΪҪ޸ɾ
ΣΪΣǲŻһزһҪ¡⣬ɾǵϻҽ淽İ취ǧ򲻿԰Լˡ
Ǹ·գôˡ
ⱲεĪڴ£ǡûʱ¶ز֪ˣһزȴ޳㣬ˣɾԼʮȫʮ
ԼΪһʮȫʮˣʳ˼̻ģزʾԼǾܾġ
Щ˼ﻹʲô˼˵ûȴһʮȫʮزϲľһ
˵ǳ´ڵԬϵĻţһУûȥе飬˭ֶ֪кδ㡣
ڼزģֻһıʿˣûлǰߴżֻں󷽶Խ
زҲֻİ취οԼԼ̫ĵģչ˺Լġ
ƽºӣǸкΪûһŴֶЦ϶ˣزȻճֲҪӣƸɵӵģȴǵһοЦˡ
ŲزôЦжӣŶȡʲô֣ȡһ
յϸ׵˻Ǻϡӵģز¸ճĺӵ֣ȥŵʱҪ˵˵֡
ȴյٸ٣Ҳһ뷨ˣ˶ӣҪһչġǰȥμӣɼԽΪγ࣬ȴûΡ
񺺵ճǽʵΪ̫һְʱַ׿ѾۼãȴһֱǰдŻᵽ£żɼŭ񿤶ȥڼݣ˺زտ
´ңΪжܲ޶ңΪɡ
ЩܵѾܻϲҪΪ̫أһͬ⣬ΪʰңֻһⱣԼչ˺ԼҲչ˺ġ
뿪Եⶼ࣬زϰ͵䣬ûаֲӣԼʱһǧһĲᣬȻûҡ
ǰߵսѾͣȴַ׿˾ɢˣزţԬܶܲ٣زصģЩʱǲܻȥȴ֮ΣزտüС
ǼطԬܵģȻԬǲΪңȻˣȴڵİǿȵϣԬҲܴΣزܸܵõÿһҵ͸Ŵ顣
ǲΪѣǱΪǲΪ֪ġ
ԵĴõģЩҪΪѣزʱһЩ²ᣬδýȥزԽͬĻûģԬܾһɿˣȶûУʲô
УûãδػţǸ϶ŵġ
زдŸ״䵱ȻñԼҵɾȻʶ֮ܣԬܾͲһöɾ
յزʱеûסЦˣòܲٽѵüЦ˿ʵʲô˵£
һȤ¡̹ػӦܲٿſޱȵûסʵÿ֮Σ
ΪһòڵĲܲ٣źÿòǽһĽ߶Ϊ
Ҳ˵ȡƼŮƼܼеС顣
ƼҵҲ˵ǶΪ֮ģΪ˰ѻ¹ٲȥʿǸǲ¹һҪҵᣬǾͻ᲻һеĲˣһһ׼
ܲ˴ƸŮʱ˺ܾȵġ
ֻǱʱ죬ϲǺȲ˵ģ²ֻܲǰһ£⡣
ڏˡ˵һЦ¶⣬ܲðһСͷȫˡ
ǰǰֲһˣϲ£δҲϲǿѡ
£ܲǰ˼²İɡ


079ز״

, 㿴¶׿˻س, Ӧܳɱ׿һ²֪Ƕ˵뷨
ϧˣ˲, ȴûʲôΪ, òܲٷȥ, ԸЩֻˣǹһ¡
ȴҲΪ, ŻᱼͶܲ١
ǲµ, ڻַ׿һѿ÷֪ԼǸʲôˣѰһʲô, ʱڲܲ٣ܲΪ˾, ΪأΪӷ
ӷ, ӷΪȡµľʦʫ, ȻΪķܶĿꡣ
׿бǳΪ, ȡģҿҵȡòٰܲģ׿ĩղԶ, Ӷ׿ΪС
ܲһҲԣ׿¹ߣЩ˺ûɱ׿ڶ׿ߵˣѵûһɱ׿ûһݲ¶׿ģ
żһʱշ
̸ܲ£߲ܲ٣ŸزţŲȴز˽İ취Ԭ޳ܣػôߡ
Ԭҳڶܻ¡
زܿյĻţȻѰ˵ǰ˿ԵþȣԬϾȻ£
е˿̫Ծȴһֱû˵ƣΪʲôΪѵ£زһʱûнã֪黹Ԭйˣ˾ȲΣزӦһʾûԬΪ֮
һ̾ݱΪܻ֮أû뵽ȴûаؽˡ
˵šüͷ˵ȥ£ȴ£ΪǼҵ˶ɵӣΪ鶼⣬ں涯ֽţ
ΪǼֻʣŮ죬ֳһһ⸨ЩС²ġزĳλɾЩҲģ˿ĲãŻΪȴҲΪѵϵİ취
Ÿ̾صû뵽ɾ߾Ȼˡ
ӶǸͬοˡĸĪģɾѾΪǳƣĸ˵ֻǲĸ׵ġزǲ˰°ףǰΪѾµҪһҪԬҵ£̫׵
˵˶۵ҵͷˣһΪҺ۸
ɷȻڣǻһӣһԬЧĶӣΪתͶܲپͲ˵Ԭܣѵȣ
ΪһΪʿƳˣԬҪ˵ʧ˷ȡִ֮ԬΪң
ֻҪԬܻҪµʿ׷棬뱣ʿֻʹĹңԼѹңΪҡ
˵ĺð취ôܲز˽кá
ĸҪҪֳ˵һĲ٣ǲӦøһ£
˳죬һۿزز˼ӣɾֳͬ־ȴΪֵܵݡ¹ϵңδֳԼɾʼƣȡԶ¶ֳἰֳֻвá
Ϊһˣѹûֵܹϵز˵
˵öԡЦصͷزЩ˼
һ˵¶㰲š˽鶼زȥ죬ԼĶҪô˵£ס
زӦһѰ˺γΪȽ˵
زԾֳ˸ûйĽͻȻȥ˵Ԭ£˵ز֤ݣŻǲŻһ¡
͵˳棬˵Ȳôܻýȥ
زҪΰİ취ԸԬܵļı
Ҫ˵ԬõֶʵҲʲôرΪ˵ֶΣǶˡ
ÿҵĲɫŪЩ߰ˮɳӣһʼΪͲ˵˼ҹΪ֮ȴֲǻһңһġ
Ͳ˵˶ֻѰũ֪ҲҸҡ
˱زʱزȥ飬ôһ¡
˶Ų֪ȻԬµɵ£һӦ֤ݶȡˣҪ˵ǲģ˵飬Ȼڼݻȥ˼õĲϷɳʲôĺġ
ز֪ڵǲţǸĳÿֱӵ˵ĵط
˵㣬ٲˣزʲģ۸ֵضûаɣǶơ
޶ز״ɲպÿնİ
İ취Ҳ˵ֱӽ׽͵ȵǰ¾ȴ
ȳ棬ȵӣܲ鲻֮ǲԬİ취
бµ˲ᵣĶԸһԬܡ
زȥѰũһֱţ֪µһ˶ţɼǰҵļǻ⣬˷Ѿ˼Ҫٽżȥˡ
Ҫǵȵͣص˾ͻᶯ֡
زΪǻţҪ֣Ҫ⣬ûʲôҪֻҪЩĵ˽ҲٸЩĵ¾С
ʵҪ˵زûУֻΪ³ȣزûеõǰ治Ҷ
ʱ֪δزǱС޴˼жԸ˵İ취˵
ͬףվ˵زûǵĸ飬ͺܺá
ҳ£زֱԶҪ⣬ҲûʲôףӵΪѵʱԼҵɾȻ
˺øزȥ£Ѿ˿и
˵ǲ٣һȷʵиΪϱģϾĸ¸ףֵ֮ĹϵҲܶŰάס⣬ҿδ벻õİ취ֻһֱ˵Ϊ¹ϵ˽ز˼˵
ΪԼ뷨ҿֻԸֳļƽϡֵܸΪԼĴ㣬Ҫϸ˵޶ԴֻĿġĸǲһЩ
˽ӣСģ
˶֪ǲ෴֤Լʡ
ӦΪѰһϱͬززһ㣬ֻҪһɣŮծ˼ӣֻҪţ͵Ϊǲġ
࿴ɾҲڿ˰ˣȴߵصһˣΣǺ֪ҿδΪ¶϶ԼԼѡޣȴ֮𡣡
õĶˣԺõģ˷ſġ˻Ȱοˣȴûע⵽Ƕ˵Ļһ䲻ȥ
ɾſڵ˻һҲ̧ͷÿȣɫ糣кˡ


080˽

ȳһ, ˵к˽һҾ
˵Щɫ̫õĿ, ˵Ƕ°ɡ
л˵ɫ, ʱʲô, æӦһȸȥ
û, ֻĸ, ˵ԬΪһ, ô
ֱӾʣȻΪ˻ͷ˵ĻȴûҪ˼, ת˵һ¡
ԬΪңôܣȱһϢס, ŵؿˡ
˴£˵Цšüͷ˵, ˼ȥ뵽һܣΪ
㲻, ˲ԼĶ벻ôһ¡
ȵɫһҧס, ˵ҲʲôΪԬЧΪԬܵĻŲٰɣιҲۣһһΪԬı, Ԭϲ֪֪㵽ҪôԬף֪֮ȴ˶ϣ
һ䲻ֻΡ
İǣʱ˵ƣĿ⿴ǰԬΪң
ʲô£ֻĲеɳû뵽˶˵İ취֮⣬ôܡԬϳţ¡
ȴǵһӦΪԬҲصҳʱһ飬ôԬΪˣԬϳŲ٣жˣǵĳǸ߹󲻿ʵģ
һΪԬ˵Ҳ˵ڣݶϲҲ˿ˡ
ȴＷ˵˭˵ǣＸΣ㻹һΪЧˡʣδã
һʼ⣬ֿܹܴˣþȡ
õ֤𣿡Ȳɵֻˣ˵ܡ
ôȥֻҪ֤ݣȾ֪ӦεĴá
һ׽߲㡣ŵùزȴز˵ȵĿһ̾Ǵ˷βľܣ
˻һ٣ȴҡͷĸףˡˣһߣҲȥᶯŭΣӡαأĸһ֪Ĵ־ΨһԸӮҺ񲻹ôӮ
𲻽һȲҪˣȰڰֵĸײ˵Ҷס
ʲôšüͷȴ׷ȣ֪׶ʲô
ȶٰ죬˵˵Զ֮ϡ
㿴İ֣һߵͣһߵֵͣ죬̹֮֮ΪΣ˲ƫĺӣĺӣһһӱǣƽƽ
ȣ㲻Ҫκ˱ȣҲ֮󣬻һϯ֮أȥһϯ֮ء
˿϶ȣǲģԶܻ䡣
ȵһεõ϶סֵĲ
ĸ׵ҲȣĺӣûΪǶһгϢĺӣûκͬǣȻõĺӡ
ĸסЩ뷨ѹֵ̫ãõȶҪΪԼŲҪһей
ȴĶǴģ֤ԼҪʵ򲻱˵һֱŲѷλá
˵ֵܣֻҪǰã໥֣˵͹ˡ
Ī䲻ɹУ˵İο
ȳ£ĸ˵ĻҶˣһõġ
ƽϲοͬǰϱҵ˵䲻㣬ȴִȢԭƷԽֻ̻ܹ̽Ҫϲģ㡣ǰһЩ£ȲܣҲ˵귢£һжͬ˵
˵ڣȻΪѰһϱҸ뷨ȢģһҵŮɣҶֻ㲻ȢģٸˣҵţҶ⡣
ˣвĹػĸ׵⺢ףԺ֪Ӧôˡ
Ӧһûм׷ҪΡ
ڶգ߲ˣȴԬܸȥ޶ԬһҾԬܲصΪд˴񣿡
Ĳ⣬ȵзÿ͵ĲɳѾ£үүүԣһ֮үŹȵĸĸˡ
ԬܴʧɫﻰҶв
һԵҲϽİ˵үҵȶǿģ»᲻᣿
߲ȲԡǸˣҪΪʵ֤ôҵԬܵǰƴ¡
˵Ȳް𱸵̧ͷԬܣԬԼʲôѵһӡûУ
һʱûˣϸ֮ɫ
Ԭˣ㻹˵˶ؿԬܣס˰
£һ˸Ҵҵд˶֮£һطһԬܺܿعǴҲܳ˰ģĿľΪ˶ҵˡ
ֻҪҰѻ˵ڣȺ֮жڰ
Ҳ֪Ͷܲٵʱ̫˳һ䣬Ϊǰȵ⡣Ԭ˵֮ˣû뵽ȥôˣ»ڰ죬ë˰ɡ
ѵΪԬܻϴ£
Ƕ޿ܵģֹͬٷǱġ
ͺүͱˣõİ취ƽϢٶƽϢ¡
ԬܴʱĵľȻͱˣû뵽ȷ˵ԬܿŰһȻֵֵܣȺǲһģôȻڰֻҪȻڣҲӦÿЩֶ˵¾ٷ
ģ۴˺Ϊ㱣֤󶼲ٷͬ¡Ԭһã̿οһԬһҾлү
һԵԬܵ˵ǻǲţ߼ʣ߼ǡ
Ժȷʵûзͬ£Ԭ汳ˣߵһˣԭǿԬܴҵ˺ãԲŻֶҡ
㽻Ľһˣȥ˵ʲôڸزʱһ䣬زܷΪýҪ󲻸ߣֻҪº֪ͣɡ
زտʱΪԼˣٿһ飬䶢һ䣬ϵԼҪôԼʶһȵģ
ʵΪˣһʵˣͦ׵ģº֪ͣزһʵѡ뵽λȣʡ


081п

̾ź, ز˵ļҾȥŸȵһ, زתȺˣز, λʶĽʱִ］ݣ
زʱа¡
Ȼ·, ǿ, ú˿, Цسز˵, زӦһһܸ˵ġ
֣вϲĵ
˵˵˵Σ
˵, زΪŮѣ˻Ŷӵ۹, ȴزһƽΣ
˿Ů˺Ů˿Ůǲһġ
͡زȥ, ǾλͣҪΪͣҲڳôºܻϲϲĹӡ
ôû뵽ز۾Ȼ, ʾزϸϸ˵˵ز񼸼λ˵
ŵ΢, Ϊز˵ͣȻزᣬѿһλСӡ
˲磬һλɾֻϲ绨ѩ, òڣΪԳδз֮ʵӵĮֲϲеĸΪģֱ꣬ĸΪζУΪ˶檽ţۼԽսʵ¸֪ĸԴ顣ȥ̼ΪȴԸ⣬ɽˮò
ľز˵ѾҸӣý£ΪѰô˶ʣɲΪԼһܸ㶨
ܸܲ㶨ҪĻǰŮ˵ס
˵⣬ҲǸҵˣڴɽˮҪ
ܲܳɣزԼ򣴨ٵݣǰõĽòüһִ］ݣܲ
лĸסЩ´Ҿ֪Ҳ˵ͬ࿴һ£õŮߵزףλĸزŵĸ鲻ǳʱλҲǻزˣزԽõĽ㡣
Ϊ±ʣλ뿪Ѿ겻֪زң˼ݣ;ݵ˾͸زһ⣬Ƿ񷽱õز϶Ĵλս
˰£һİͣǰһòȴӢˬŮɴϳŮк
ز͵ţȥţû뵽Ƕûȵˣ˵ֱӱ
յϢزϲسӭŮɣŲ̽㡣
ŮعͷӴززɴˣÿ
ͱ𾡿ˡز˼˵ţŮȴΪȻصúÿôͿ䲻ˣ
ָһزЦصƤˮˮ۵ģ
Ϸ˵Ļ˵ûаֲڵӣز֮㣡
ѵһأ㲻дҰɡŮЦز֮ˣ
˽ݣŮز߽ȥѵصȥݼĸɡ
ĸ͵Žˡ⻰ǲ٣һֱأ˵Ůܲȳɺ£һıŮɣʲô£
ŮһزֵǾߣ
زöȥţزֻһۼˣüĿǸѵõĺŮɡ
ĸףǲ̼ҽزʽĽܽܣ˼׵úúã
˸ˡ
Цݵصؿززʱʱչˣݣֻܺˣ
˴ͣЦٴӦ£л˵Ŀ
ղԣǰȥϢΪӷϴ֮ó糾ͶüԵƣ۵òᣬʱٶĻҪ˵Ҳ÷һš
زŹɵӦ£ŲԺȥڼУز鷳Ѳķ䰲Ժ겻Сÿһ˵˵
㣬ҽķ䰲ҵԺǿһ˵˵زС˵ţ֮ЦȻһ˵˵λ֮ŵɾΣɺã
ĵز£زͷɾã¼ݻ̫ƽֻɾ⡣
⵹ǲ٣Ųܲٻ죬ܲȻǱȲԬӵݶԸ㣬Ȼдߵ£زԴӱڲܲоϢɴ˿֪ӹüѡ
ɾŮɲһԼϲ£ôۣôѣǺõģ㰡̫һ£ɾ
ο˵ĻزЦ˵üǣҴӲɾΪ֪ʵöֻѹ֮ûκ塣
һزͷˣˡˣû˵뿪׿һѻ𣬶ճɷˣû𣿡
£˭ţزҡͷ˵ѵʱ򶼹ȥˣûбҪ뿪һ˵ĶǣֻҪһأµġ
ʱ˵׿ˣزżµľƺǻ£ºƺ˰˰ӼƽزеĴʯŷ¡
Ƽûʲô£ҵҲû£һĶ˵ݣǴȻ
һڼݵΣ˰ɣףԬСˣǲ춼ѣԶԶģҲţҲʲô¶ûˡ
ɾ۹ãԬͲϵ±ԬǱȲϵµġԬƴԬ˳ɲʲô¡
زһûп˼زҲһصͷţ˵öԣһСûˣܳɴ²Ź֡
˵Ԭˣ˵ҿûܴӼֵ˵һˣһ˵һ˵
˵Ůһ̨ϷŮˣһ̨ϷҲռ˴룬Щ꿴ķ羰жȫһһز˵
زķ䲻˯زɴܲķһ˯һģʲôʱ˯ŵ治ǵˡ
ڶ컹ǲģزȥЩóԵģҶûˣһҪúõҷձȲǰĲ㡣
в˵Ļôزͷ㻹ǲ³
ҷǳʶô˻ʣһ㲻Լ³³ò˼
زϴŲǰʱϲĸѧ³ʱʹҰóԵģĸļҲ³ʱңĸڸǰֱʹҸóԵģ
ǿˣǿͣ㵱˼ҵĲӦúúõдҰֱ׳ػشزӦãߣȥóԵġ
ˣǸϰÿ߶߶ˣ뵽ҵķһ򲻴زҲԱ㣬ȥ䣬زѳʳãزǼһɾڣ
ǰɾڼҵģǻûܣˣôϵģ


082⣿

۾ضŲ, ȴһصô֪˵ɾ
֪ǲǣʲôѵ, һȥݼĸ׵ʱֻܿǣ۹һ׼, Ǽһڼҵɾһ, ѵ˺, 㶼ֱ治زŲĿ, Ųϻʵһȡ
üͷ, ѵĻ䣿ڵӣһ֮ˡ
֮˵Ŀ⾼µ£
Ѿ»Ҫ룿زЦȤ, һ۵˵ʲô⣿
ĸĽ, ֻǾһѡǲģΪ˵˵, ǽΪ˲ǾͿԡز֪µΪֹʲôû˵, ǾƾĴܴһЩ˿￴
֮Ц, زǳϵøɴࡣ˵ˣλֳ
ȻҲȷʵˣز˵ˣʲôҳϵġ
û뵽һ, ˼˵ҵ£ĸ׺ֻͣҪλͿҵһùޡ
Ҫô˵ͬ࿴֮ҪҪӦȫҪȰˣ
Ե׷ʲô֪£
ʵؿѾˣȳգ㡣
ϧλûزԸΪ󣬶ǳ
زô죬һλһˣжٵĳ㣬ֻܾ˵һ룬ʣµһҪ¡
극ˣزλʲôѾڵصߣȥ밲
ԾϱĻҪԾ
زûŲһ߳ȥһ·ϻ˵Ķķ羰ڲز֪ƺҲӦ˵һ¡
˵ԺҲڣνŮأֲǶһң˺زڣ˸Լ
׺͵صزز˵еĳҲˣҲ͸һ
󷽵Цҵҡ
ҹ˯ÿɺãǰΪͣ˼ҵĵڶĿǧƪһɣŮһӦ硣
áߣߵˣ¾ܰ˯شһЩ£ȫһһڼһֱĿбӣѹûһۣڲز뿪ʱ̾Ů⡣
ϵôῴһϲ˼۰ɣƫƫ˸ռʱ̧ͷһۣ˵һ۶ûȡ
ȵδء
˵ǲˣĺɫò˵ȣҲǿɾʱΪŮ֮ͣ׼ȢҲв˼ҵȲľټеδ˵Ů졣
ӵòԼǲ䵭ǿȵӣ
⣿ѯȵѿ̼λŮ³벻ɲˣֻԼ˼һأټ֮ˣصˡ
˵Ȼ˵̼ŮǷ㣬أο
áȵȻ˵ڴ֮ǰѾ棬ǸʶǷŮɣҪǣһŮɡ
뵽ǰȢˣüͷЩӦ˵ģô¡
²׷˵ĸǾòŮɺʣᾡΪ֮
⣿˸Ȼϲ
á뵽ԼԸȥţز飬νۣزˣཻ֮ŮɣҲ壬ͨˡ
аһжҪ
˵ˣұ㲻ˣԼİ취Ůɵͷ㡣ȴͻˣϱ֪ѣȻ²ܳɣѡ
˵ԭضⲻиһ𣿼Ȼ¸һǾһ£ʧ鷢ˡ
Ӧ£֪˵ĵǡ
زͲһ·߳ȥزŲʲôо
󷽵سϣ˵һʼһۣ֮ҲûпΪ⣬ز˽֪ǲһ⣬Ц䣬ｫˡ
˵γǷŹ۲죬ܵŪѾ쵽֮ܲܳסɡ
ֶԽкøСزķһԼ˵ò㣬ǻɾϲҵģˣҪΪСµ£̫鷳Ǽʲô¡
ǰ׮£һ㶼ܻ䣬ΪԼʲôҲȥʲô˲ôָֻû
ز㵱Ҷ
ĳ˼޹ȥԾͷȴûκ˵ǰ¶֡
㵱ʱŶˣ˵Щ˵ʲôһ᲻˵ǴúܣһزͷŲ㲻ɣ
˼ȣҸ˵Ѱһʵ˼ˣ㽫ĸңǱֺεģ֪ģܡ
һֱˣͻȻƻ飬ҲǺεģ·Ҫһ˼ңˣǸжá
û뵽Ϊѵ£ز͸ˣȻǺýã֪֮ѣΪѣĵġ
ز˵ʲôֺ
ȷʵǸײñƻ飬һȷʵΪһ㲻ĺøж¡ķ羰ðһֱȥҵﻹһŮɿԳŵӣ֮£ֻܷѵ˼ΪԼһ˼ҡ
ңͿزԿóҵķǸˣ֮˼ҶȴΪһֱ޻ᡣ
ȣȲ֮ŵһˣҲǲɷ
Ůɣÿһ˶ܼϲԸ֮һˣһкøеģҲֵи˱á
زŲƽݣʵò⣬ǼʶƷ֮ѡϵˣѡٶ˵Ȣ޼޷ˡ
ǰĻСµģΪദٻЩ飬û뵽зȴһֱиĸŲòȢġ
׺һ۶Ը⡣һʼʱԹޣȴַˡ
ʲôģһϲˣѵϲôһˣ
ΪϲڲΪøĸģһֱǷྴİ˶Ĺϵ˼ꡣ
Ҫз̫۸ˣв̣һӻһĹһ
ǵģ⣡ڲ֮زʹ˵з˲ϲ⣬һӦԵĴõĶͦõģĸȻ˵ЩĻѣҶͺã¶ϣӻô
һǸԼӵˣ޽˼ңһ˶һŮ費ǲԸ㣬ŹȥˣʲôŲȥģ


083Ϊϲ

ز˵ý, ýڿȻǲķ, Ǻпܻɵġ
ʱסˣطǵһ, 뱧˹, ϷĻ, Ҫ˵ðϷ, ǽزϴǸȵСֶȥ̤
ڼزϵڱܿʱõദĻ, һصģϵЦˣɼϲڲ
زʱǸزһȵۡΪһɷ, ӣ, Ҳܵҡҵġ
Ӵ͵Ų仰أزǿԺĸ𣿡
㲻֪Һһμ淢ʲô飿زȲµ, һزһܺ¡
ز˷ܵصġһֱϸңڴˣ
ڿ˵ˡͷززڴؿ, Ļش
ʵҲûʲôֻҲСĽԺ, ǡڳҾһʱ˼УʶûΪŮɱ顣ĸоͺ˵, һء
Բ˵һغҪΪһȫûиܵԼбءȢȴΪòƾʲôƾʲô
㱻˸˵һûòˣҲԼﲻá
ǣΪԼãȴܻϣܵõһӦеأôһˣʱѵҪ
زû뵽ʹˣѵû³ݣ
ɲȻûв³ֻǲ³糣ı֣ڲ̽ȵΪʱȺγڿƷԡ
ðɣ·֮ƣֲǵһ֪
ǿȥ𣿡زעص㣬ҿĲ̼
ûףʲôزȲӣɲż
زû𣿡
ʱԼװɣ˵Ǽ̽ڷ磬׿ڴӦ²Ŷ¡زĻôɵģزüͷѵõʼ䡣
زû
׽֮ãҲǶǷ໥һǰʱ򲻶ͿľͼˣڲУûг⣬ڻ⣬ҷɡ
˼ѵģز۾ð⣬ΪһִҪǻͬһѵǲϡ棬ǲĹˣһЩ뷨ŮȨ뷨Ī
ز˵ҪҪȥѣѾڵɲڣϣվߣðҡ
˾ܾزͷúúãվߣֳȢ㡣
͵زͶزļʵһֱû㣬£֪𣿡
Сض͵͵ؿ£ȷû͵ŵزش
ɾ֪û֪زشᷢżȻܲ¸֪°ɡ
ԣб²ĴؼʱܾͺáΪŲ¶¶һ㲻Ϊ֪ģû׼ջ֮С޴
زЦŵǽɩɩǿ̫ˡ
ʵΪܺã˵ûĪΪ
ǣҲ˵ٸˣҲ˵زصͷԼǸúӣһܡ
һĶͷ޸˵Сܽӣȥһˣ˵м˵Ҫ㡣
˵Ǹ˵£İѾЦˣز֮ĸ룬㻹ǸϽĹȥɡ
زŲЦЦվ˵Ժȥ
˴ʱȷʵˣزز߽Щ
زǰ˵ţȥ
Ҫûкز𣬵һҲزᣬϾ»ǵ˵ͷͬġ
ͻȻز׼˵ڲȵǵ˹ؼʱʱ뿪ݣûҵˣ
ͻȻԭ޶һжû׼¼ȵݣϵΪ½ȥչ˺ڣҲġ˸Ļ֪ӵģһæʲôܲˡչԼ£Ǹ뵽
زȥ뽫ɶһϡ
óȥչزȥĻðɴϡ
⵹Ҳãɶѧѧƹδʱز뿪Լĵܵܣ˭ҲûȨţһͨҲ
زŰһ̽㣿
Ҫģȴز£½еһ룬ʣһҪ˿ô죿
£ԭ֪ѣȻܳɺã㲻ܳɣΪŮỵġ˿οزģزֻܵķİɡ
زȫûпɲĵأ㵽ǰŮɵˣΪǲȲܳ˺£һоͻǲĴҪһŮɼҵ
̽˵˵Ȼ˿񣬵غ£оȨ
ãùȥʰңʱ˻һȥ
˴յžͿʼ룬زôȥ׵ˣز˸лĸ׷ġ
ˣԺҪġ˴زֻزԶá
ǲ˵ٺþȲزȥЦųزȤóǷ޸ܺá
زûа㲻˼صǵȻ
ǿõģȻǷֱأǶű˴ˣֻҪлᣬǻһֱһ
زȫȻӣǺĽ
㣬㽫Ҳһϲ˵ġϲ֣زǰҲΪԼòĳ⣬ΪܵõģȴͻȻУϧһģҲ뻹ͬһġ
ҡҡͷҰһԵõɡ
زĲڵ㲻ù˼ҵģĲϲңΪǿ
㵱ͬ޸ʱ򣬾ΪϲЦʡ
ΪϲΪ˵һߣֻһˡϲģǽһӺ䳤زҪǱ˴˼޵˲㣬һûзֻӦ£˵
ͷŵصҪһӲ檣
ǵġزͷҪӦˣһʵ̬һ˳޵ɾȴӦһŮ˿Ҫ󣬺γһ⡣
ޣ̫ɾÿһδذŮɵϲŭģû뵽زиһ
лҪ˵Ӹһ𣿺ϣСʱһ¡

084¶һλ

زͲ˵, ˬ죬ھزȥ, ˣ˵ȵ, ֻ˱ֵ, ǰΪԼò, ȴֺ˱, Զš
Ծز׼ȥ, ҲԸ£ٶʱڲżؼҡ
ز׺㲻ˣ˻ǲ, һ˻ǹܺԼ¾ͺá
ϻؼʶԬܵС˵Ͳܲٻϵ֪, ˺Ƥȴ˼زҪ뿪ȥʾϲּ, Ϊ˰ȫֻǶ˵زҪ
Ѱͬ·ˣǶŵù, زг˵
زֻʰңٶȵ׼·, ᲻زھڣﶯҲʱ򲻸Ϲȥ, ϻôżݡ
زֻܿοϣȥԬûͻȻȥµһ£ȴֻס
˵Ҵ۷˵ģԬܾһ䣬Σ
ðɡʵĻشԬܸҪһ䣬ȴݣǼݣүǺүϵǲϵ£үȵо
£µ˲Ϊãµ˶ͬԬܣԬܵ˼٣ȴͿԡ
ǱЩòˣղģѵվǰĲҪ
ΪҪʱԬܲӦöңӦöļҾ죬ɺȵġ
ԬȻСȴһӵˣ֮һЦԼǣܵҵĸݣķϣֺαؽƽϡ
ЦЩԬܲǲȴΪʲһԲŻΪˣֻԬܣ룬ԬܶŪİɡ
زٴ̤ݵĵû뵽Щ꣬ǰʮûгţȴ߹һһݣضûаĴһӭµ·̡
ɳ࣬ЩΪţǸգǸ˫ȫСɾ
ݵı߾͵õϢǲǰӭ˲ܲͰŽʿ߳ʮӭȷزǵİȫ
ģܴһЩٶпȻ
ɱزҧ˵ܲٺԬǺѣȫһ
زһۿȥԬܣܲ٣
ֱλ֣ȴصδܲ٣˽ӭʮǺεȵĳ⣬ɼĵÿأѵ
زֻ˵˾һûɾ˼Ǿʮģ̫ˡ
Ž۹𣿡Сһ䣬֪زǸŻǲ۹ġ
Ȼš붼ûشɵͷװϳɵصҲš
زΣֻǶɵҲ㽫ֻ࣬Ҫƽƽͺã
Ӳѹǲ̫Ҷİɡ֪ز֮ģΪһ㣬زɵĽ
ڼݵʱ򣬰ίȴʲôæﲻϣͬ£ҲеڶΡȴʱǰ£ɼԹ
ز뽫ôһֱվزأΪһˣһɾʱԶڸ׺ͽ󣬵ǸܻȥزһֱڵŮܻһɾİ취̫٣żˡ
زεصɶˣǶһˡ
ΪǶһˣҲһζ㻤ңҽҪ㣬ҪŸףнһͬߵˡǿ󣬲ΪزΪԼԼϺܶˣ뻤ߵˣǿԼס
áزֻǲѹɳ󣬶óеԼΣӻˣҪߵ·زôأֻĵǰߣܻģͬһֱһ
ˣݵˡϺ˵һһεڵִݣǰ˵Ľ䣬ȴǹز˻Τʱͣ£زվԶŴɤźŵĽظлΤ
ؿ˾ǺˣǺţæԸ£˵ֻ졣ֲǡΤΪò׺Щûٰſޡ
ԭΪزһŮɣûʲô棬û׼һſޣû뵽زȴɫ糣ЦݵлΤ׽׽ͷѵΪ˾زŲ
ĵΤ׽ԴΣ˦˦ͷˣ˾Ǵ˴˾ûǻûҪô£ҾͲͷ˽ȥˡ
̽ͷ˸ĶȴûжΤǶµˣû˶ûϵֻܰͻ¡
ͽձصŰлزؿڣΤ֮ȴЦصԼˣͲ˵ˣҪ˾׽ҺȾƵʱͺá
زһ٣û뵽¡
ΤѵһķˣСظ״ǲ֪˾µĹر˵ͷ˿࣬һ˾־¡
˵Ҹ״زȤ
Τ̽ӻ˲Ǹ״ˣ²£
õΤô˵زһԼ𣿲񲻴Ŷ
һΤż׽׽ͷȷʵˣ㲻Ҫȥ״ɣ
ߣٻᡣһزþգ˸ߡ
ΤΪһ붺˵ˣȴزˣŵؿۡزͬЦЦǿسΤ档
ʲô棿úŪǿԿزһص㳡ӣû뵽˲ɣ˶һǡ
Τ밡ѵΪ˶ǾһģĴˣȢķҲһĴ׶˶ˡ
벻װ벻ףǰѽ˵Ĳ°ˣػȥ
˵ûӭӣȴһ̴ֱſںţزѾӭǰŷˣزɾأ
ɾ£Ѿüʱˡڸﲻ٣ȴҪ¶Ѿûгˣǲȥزû˸ʱ
ز£ɾæɾġ
ֲǿˣҪк
˰ᶫʱЩĪɾ¡
ͷԸ˲̴ЦӦ£Ƿһûйɾ˼ɾ
زɵȥЪЪ
ãҰﰢһ𡣡ҲۣʱɼزҪһӦû׼Ҫ³
Ȼﲻ̫£ֵܻܴĵģ
ãԺĶҪǿԾȥԺʰáزһ̴֮ӣ̴̵ɾ


085ʳ

˵ɵԺ, زԺҲǰ̴ӡ
زæ˽ᣬ̴Ǵ˶˻
λ̴ʵ֮, زűʾף˾ļʱ, ͬˡ
ùţز, ̴ҡͷʾû, ز
ʱû, רµѵܲˣ
̴, Ͻָǰķ򣬳ǴزҪ, ǿõģͱ³, ǱȲزЩӳԵ, ˶ˡ
ϸϸ˵һЩС£زӦ£ֻʰԺ, æЩʳͽȥɡ
鷿У˴һͼ, ̴زõĸȥȫǶŵһζǰֿɵãвԵĵ
ԴŲ̬ɾ, һȡһȳһѹûһԵλҪҪһԳԣԼȴá
ȵһӳ꣬ͷһӣһԵ̴ע⵽λԵòĿ⿴֮ʣ̽һλɾһգĳ۾ǰ̴ȴһˣĻʳΪɾġ
Т㿴˿У֪˼ıʱһԵѾֻΪһڳʳ
̬ɾǹιТĻ˹ȥڿͼϵıʱЦеص㣬ֻҪӵؼɡ
˵ţǳ̴֣ûԱأûгԹζĸ㣬óԣǲҪԵˣôܰװ׵Ĵ
̴ҡͷҡͷ˵֮ǿöٶҪõģǼɾһ鶼ûء
Ѷݡݴ˵أǿѵá
ε޷ҪԣȡȻãȡ£ʱٶֻҵ̴ӻŵĳʳȡЩ
аҪûϵֻҪڣòһ㣿
һ٣ƺû뵽ʱܼǵóʳĿ⿴һԵ̴ӣ̴̵ɾѾùһˡ
ָǰտҲĵӣŹζѾԹһˣõĿɶɾķҪ״˼״
ˣˡϼΣǰûԹôζĸ㡣̰̾ԣǶˣҸǰδζŻʧ̬ˡ
ȻǷġ˵˭˲ޡ̴˵԰һ㶡
θǸ̾ص˵벻ոҷ˵ִݵӣæȫˡ
Ŀ⿴ѿеŭҲˣȻҲæˡ
Ȳˣǿȥɩ˰ɡȻ˵Ż۾̴ӵǵӸ㿴ȥ
̴ӵɾʱ͵ˣֻɾһֱ鷿ڴţ˼ɾһˣ±¸㣬Ϊû׼ĸӡ
һһ˳ˣ
ΡǳôˣǸ˳ԵģҪΪ̫óԣʧ̬ôͲ
ߵؿĳλ̴ӣȻ̴ӻǲϰѸ㽻ֻǿѯǷ˶ˣɾȥǷ
աûȥز»ز֮æΪ׼࣬ﻹס
ضԣȥɡ˵ŻѾȥֱӴ̴ӵ㣬Цҳߡ
һλԵصɾʱȥ
ǶһȻȻ񣬿߳ȥĽŲȴȴǰҪҪ
γһԵʵҪҪ˳ȥһɩˣ
Ǵʱȥܼŵİɡһλѯţκܿ϶صͷһԡ
Թһ߳ȥ޶һһ߳ԣһλҪһ飬εԪϲʳαʳء
ǰλɾԪཻˣԣζܲ
ƺãԪԡЩཻʱ˵ЩЩ˴ϵģھζǰҲòΪС
̷²ˣʳȴ˴ţТɡڴʱߵĲͬһŶۡ
βŲܣò״̴ӵģûԹأһȥˣ˼֡
ĿƵؿֱĳ˿ò˼ԶĶֻ첻ֱҪ˺ƤǰѾ꣬
û취û취ҪƤҲȲϹΡ
Ϊ˸ʱѾѰزʱزԺ˰Ѷʰ˻ɾزѰȥȻֻһۣزûϲ˵еϲӭȥȴعأڣ뿴˹ȥģվס
ɾزĿǻϲ޾ĻϲӦһ
Ȼ侲ǿزĿȴ͸Żϲز뿴ľһݻϲ
һڴط꣬һģ
ָĶͷ㺹£Ϊùˡ
϶ز࣬ͬࡣ
زĵһЦɾ˵ﻰҲ࣬ɾ࣬ɾˡ
ȷʵ࣬ز֪ʳһ׼ûкúõسԷԲŻӡ
ֻЦţû粵
ɾùζɺɾĿζز뵽Լõĸ͹ȥùˡ
Тϲ֪ززˣżززδá˵زȴֵĿ͹ȥˣɾȻʳ
ûΪزֶס֣زûкúõչԼջû˵ڣɾ뿪ɾδø㣬ȥΪɾʳ
ôţˡ
δߣһȥ뵽λѣҲһ£زȥˣزͷ
˵ΰѸһ˳꣬鶼ϰ߹εΪˣһϲԶʳˣֲһϲʳˣˡ
ߵģû뵽زǰãǾǸˣǹȴǲسһͨüŪ۵ģøɩ˲ͻݶò
˻ԳǹγþһСҪÿСͬϴŲ̬Сװ׵ģŮ˻ÿ
ҪǹγòÿزܿˣʶԼʧҲղγزһҾɩ񡣡
һϷҸŮСδ˾ַϾȻŲĶĿȴû˿Ķ⣬زǸ˸ɾ񡣡
Ԫι̡ϰ߹ε̬εؽţزǾù죬ȴһʱ벻


086½Ѳ

, زҲʽ͹μ񣬹εǷž, ǾͲˣǣ
ѯʵ, һǿ, Ҳǵ, εصǲӾõ, һ˵գ
ΪһŴԻֶӵ, ÿÿһԻܲ죬ͬ, ֻǵز򣴨ʱѾͨ, زδ
ڲܲ٣һ뵽˾ǹ, λıţʶǧټƵдŸΣŪ
ãԹ˵, ûԹأʱ뿪ֱҪ, ܳԸ㣬ܹһزĳգԵζ¡
ֻɩ, ռһ𡣡ΪһٳԵģҪͲҪɣ˭ֻǳԵ㶼ùθܵΥʳ󿪣ΪζʲôУ
زˣôôĳԻأ
ɾλ³ʰģҪ׼ʳģȷһŰɣҲһʱ
ɶأܲܰɸˣæһʣزԺС
ȥɾ̷Ըȥ̴ӸϽȥ죬ཻѣǹζ׵ˣ²̸ѧʣɳʶĺʱ
زҪɼֻͣ˸ȥ
̾ɩ˳պãΪʳ֮ζʵԭ򣿡
Ϊһʳˣκ˶ԼʳʲôزȷʵڳԹزĶٳԱ˵Ķһʵĸо
û뵽û뵽ǵӣ֮ҲʵʱһΪӦòʳ֮ζµءκҵҭһء
ɨһཻۣһһϦѵβ֪ǰǺģزģģ
εǰܻһضûأѵԩˣ
۲΢ˣཻ֪˭ܲ²ԷӣֺԲ֪ġ
Ų˵Т˵࣬ѵ㲻ʳ
ԼǸʲôˣʱ˵Ĳǣѵ˴ȥԶûóԣ
û˵ڣŵľѣһֺ֪õسЦţЦˣĪҪϡ
ΰ̫ˣΪѶһôȥΪѣ
ɡҪҭ˵Ļ͹μƽϣξˣֱڻ֪ѣֻ໥֪֪ף˵ֻŲϡ
֣Է⣿
һٻûأѾʼ⣬Σ֮ص⡣
Ѿϰ߳ԻŲʳûȢزʱճֻʳԴȢزźٲ˵ȥʳһ쵽ֻǶգ֪ϲΪ˳ʳס졣
¿˱֣ʵҪ˵κͨԻеģһĲҪ
û뵽Ӧôˬ죬ϲһҾлǽصĺôѾ͵ýĺѡ
ָŹĪκΣǵȲɫûֻζöĶѾֱУһǳζһ䣬ܲܺ͹һ䷹
Ƥûйεĺ񣬻רİٷ˰ɡ
ʳԣһٷԵþˣСӣɩ˺ա
ݵʱ򿴵ΪǸ汾µˣ˳һޣԻǸԻ
زԣõˣһԼģҲϰˣ
ϲͶЩȻѾ˲٣ܿޣزùζЩؿףҲûʲôĻ˵ġ
λֵ˱ˣǱˣ
Ѿȡͬ⣬տֱŲ䷹Ҫİ
زһۿɫ糣ԼѣԼӦµ£ѵܲǵã
㱥һ˵һЩĵģȻ㱥ˡ
ɩˣϰɡûز˵꣬ѾһĿڣԼǱ˲٣ǿԳԵģİû뵽Ĵ˺á
ζˣ껹ĵģ̫Ҹˡ
ð⣬ȲҪõӣزͺ񿴵λгԻеĳԻ
Ѿ֪˵ûززԷԸȥ׼ſڵ˵˵ԼҲˣȴԪʱ̫ؿڸ֮ȰҪƣԪܿƵİɣ
һĻסˣ
زֹܿģῴǲææȫ˵Ļסӡ
ѲѲ
ز¸̾ŹΣѵҵһǣأ󻹸Ҳÿؼ˵ӦǸӦߣʳǰƹ˵̲ס˰ɣ
񲻶ϵ£ˣƣζǹα׷󣬵ͬѰһɾĹҵ
˵Ļйǰ˵ͷסǷڣôȰɹΣ̣ס
̵ʹడôóԵģǲİ
ɩˣ׼ʲôζֵڴʱλزɫԥҪҪĲ
ɩ׼Ĳɫ˵û׼λܱһЩԹɩãɩϲζ˵һϽʳ׼áﲻ֪ز˼ʳǹ̼ģز˵
ز˵ƽǰѹιܵжݣȻù´˺ı˭˵ŮСţۼ֤ҪСѹûŮʲô¡
㣬㣬ЩʱûгˣТҵʵ԰Ǵ㣡ҲԼԵģεĻȻӣֻ´ʱıż尾
Ҳû취ԼԵģлᣬܲᡣ
ʲôǴ㣿δĲأû뵽ɾȻϣóزǸˣΪԵʣ֪Ϊ֮ѯʲزڶûڡ
λϧûԳԿͷȴﻹ˵ֻ֪δùĲ˵ôġ
Ͳ֪ԹǴˣÿزʱ򣬻涼ʲôˣʱһһֱûԵˣƲסſˮ
ʵߣϻԾζ΢ƣټ뽴ơǡסС⡢ˮСֱζɿڣζϼѡ
뵽ǿڵĸоðž⣬þûˣĺþûˣԣԣ
δѾð⣬ʲô㶼𣿡
㡣ǳԶˣԳ߹ҪԵζǴ㣬һҪ㡣
ãӦ£ãۿ˵ЦݵʵԪӲؿڸ֮ҾͲһˣ
Ҳԣ
лҪ˵޵ҲԣҲԣ
֮ĹΣ㲻룬һ㶼룡
Ӹϣ

087´Ӳ̷

ǹξⲻ, ҪȻרһ䣬ǧ
زĪκ, Ϊ֮Ǻ֮, زܲ, ȫܵӡ
˵Ǵ, οʼɻʲô, ŹϲԵĽ, һһεЩ˶ôġ
ǲˣܲסˣԵҲ, ˵ǵز, ˵Щζɣһŵ˵, ̫ʵ̫˰
޿뿪ˣ²سɵû, ʲôʳ˵, жѵĶҶѰ
ΪԼĿڸ֮Сɾˣ
ɻ֣ʳ, ˭һպõĽ㣬·ѵΪɲ
Ӧ֣زɵ׺
ǰ̵зʱزƨĵԴزҪزֻһ˵Եˣʲô
ز˵òĻЦˣɵЩûһ£𣿡
ǵģҪһһ׼ûвɵʱ򡣡ʾ취ųɣȫزĹͣһҪллز
زָТǰʶëͷСӣҪѧŵ㡣
ʶ֮ϣز츳Ӧ˵Ϊ֪ˣ汾µģۡ
زز˵ǡТϻۣˣཻ֮ѧãɶ֮ҡǿ϶زе˼Ҳ϶ˡ
ǣ˵ˣӦ£Ҫ谢֣֮ʳ֮оȽҪá
˵һʵϿɵĵͷТƽζһʹ
زɵζ⣬ǾҪѧöˡ
ģһŬѧȡΪƼҵĶŴ׵Ļ˵زãҵ㡣
һ˶߹ˣԾزһҾԹԵĻԺȥ
ǰ˶ˣսزֵɶңġ
ҲɳɾǶȥɣЩڼݶƻˡݵĵطӣΪ֮ʣزһֱɲҪɲˣڼݵĵؽҪǰ˴򣬴һ֣ǴˣѰһˣֻع
Ʋ˾ҪͷȻƻزǸɲҵĲ鲻٣ȿĥǣܶЩ飬õϵʱ
ǸµĺӣزһֱҲɣɴز֪ԬǵСˣʲôڼС
С޴زĽҿγһ
ȻԬܵУܱסһҲΪ˾ţ᲻ʲô⣬˭ұ֤
ã֪ЩڼҶƻˣµݣɣﲻҲ˶ɲɾȥԼ¡
زЦս֣Ҫɾڰ
һ䣬໰˵ڣڣİ
ñط꣬ȴǴûзֱһزദģʽ˶棬Ǵ»һտʼƺͺϷһپЩӵĥϣԷֻҪһһѾ׶Էʲô
εڵڶʱţʱҲûаֵľȡ
㣬ʵ㣬մӺ׽ģɩˣˡЦݣ˳üŪ۵ĵɩҳ㣬ȥ̷Σ
زЦݵģ⻰ȴǰ۾ɾȥ̷
ǵ룬ȥôϣĽɨˡ˳ڴֻǵ˼ҷ˵˵ȥ̷£ĵģ
ƭŵİزſûа㲻ûнţֻѰ¶ѡ
زĿڹεϣʵѵϵ»Դȥ̷
ȥ̷زǵһ˵ƺҲȥˣȥ
زǻɵ̬ȿģȴ̷֮أ֮أڣѾݳڣҵйٽˣһɽֹ롣
˵㲻ԸȥΪʲôЩȥ㶼Ҫţ£μöҪˡ
ȴ㲻˼ûеؿڵҲҪС
ཻ꣬ѵ֪ʲôˣôֻ˳һ䣬òֻΪǰزƷѵãȫѵһ˾ӡ
û뵽һ̷ȻõһϢ˽ֹڣǻ
ŹΣһԣҲʶһˣ˵ģΪѣ᲻
ˣԭϵûõģǲ˵˰ɡ
ѾڷתҪ²ܲͨôӦԣջǰѻ¡
زǿǳʵȥ㡣
ɲֻһǺüأţزҲЩʱûгˣǻء
ֻǵزһߣȴǻͷŹε⣿
֣εδ̫Ůˣɩ˷ֱã㱾̷ԸȥˣֻǸɩ˶ѣɩ׾㲻ߣ㻹һĽԺãѵã
⣬󣬡ززضһ١
û뵽ԼѾ˼İˣȻ˵ãĿƵؿأ
أܿ϶ظ߹Σǲأʲô
̾һǷˣ˵ķˣΪҼҷȴͱˡ
̾ģȻǲشģֻѵصദ֮㾹ȻðңΪβܰ㣿
νҽ߲ҽ˶ѡδ֮ûаֲ˼ҲΪԼ԰ﵽܲܰﵽԼ֪һЩġ
ҷѾˣҵķɩ˲ͬɩ˿õİ취Ҽҷȴ׽ܡ˵ΣЦصΪˣɴ಻˼绨ѩ£طԣ
һƹεľٶε֪ȢһŮкҲлƫƫҼҷ˲һǿöģֻһ仰⣬ᶯŭڼŮ˵ģȴֲôһġ
˵Ž̷Ȼ˵Ůˣⲻþ˵Լķˣ˰
θ̾زȻֱգټȴɣҷ˾òķ˿ɱȵģǼȴΪβһҵİƽأ
㡣Ӳ÷ദ֮Ůӵ⡣
Ǽе֧ŮӶԣֻҪɾݣǲͱ˵ģֻǹ·ŮӼɻ䣬ŻŮӶŭ
ŮɶˣֳˣΪ˵Щ⣿


088һ

ӦԼһ, £ʱֹס, ĿƵضϾϾơ
޾ơϲƣĸѰ, ôѰõ
㡭û뵽ཻ, Ȼָܸһƿ, ʧ, ʧߡ
޾ƿǺáȥ, ȥ򡣡˼ȥôĸûУǾȥ, ѵû
ҪԻظϡѹΡĸۡĸۡ͵, ҪǲģԼȥ
Ϊ˽ٵһز, ʲô¶ˣ㶼زȥˣΪ˺ȾƵ±ϳȥ, 񲻿
ȾͲȡʹе, ˻ȥԺȡ
û˵ڵĻǣҪǺ˾˿϶ûˡ
Ĺ, ͷã
ҪﵽĿģǹܲ˶٣ϾཻˣģҹγϲˣҲϲȵ⣬û⡣
ཻܲΪѶˣԼ˵ԼôҪ
ֻҪһԼĳ㳤ȡ֮ǾͿˡ
ˣزĶ죬͹۵һѾö㣬ΪܺȾȫ£ζǰƶ֮
زΪĳԻѾѵˣû뵽Ȼһһ¥ĹΣ˼飡
ֻļϰˣزҲ͵ˣǳԻ𣿹ѰʳŷزóԵģһؿڸ֮Ҳûʲôڳʲô˵޴
ǹβʳģóһժźСʱزסˣȻô
ɩˣ˲ҳԹһ̫ˣˣТȻһԸΪζԭЧũٲһˣ˲˲
زи֮̾࣬ȴεɶʳȴϰոһл
ǿԿǼһζˣʳ󿪣ã
ãֻҪгԵģʲôĲɫûĶûϵҪǳԣôĳԡ
زТܷæڣТܷ취ŪְԼ֣ͬƼԴԴ
಻һɩ˴ֻǸҪǶֳԵģɻòţγֵʱڵʱ򣬹ֱڿŹģ֮ȴƳΣʳΪ죬ʳԲţţ
֮ҪǣɲǵȲʵʣΪԼһӦԵĴõĶǴϵġ
ĳԴöǰ˴ز٣Ҳʱ򣬸֪µİڹĶʲôӣӹţزʵʡ
Цֹסص治Ƿް档
ǵˣȥֲزΣŹΪ˲䷹һֿʳõĶز͹û˼زԿܲڡ
ʳΰ޽ɡ
ݵӣߣȻææŰæŰٰܲݵĸײ㣬زľչ۵˯ŵʱΪϱӣʵʱˮ
һҹ˻ûزȥʹˣ˵ڲܲٵĸϣʲô¡
زҲû˯뵽Ьĥü죬ߵ·̫࣬زóЬЬúòûǺҪģֻѰóѧţûһʼ͸ԼԣƷòԼҲν
¼Ȼûز͵͵ЬֻЩˡʲôʱ˯ŵĶ֪
ҹŻݿزڰ˯ͱȥ˯ˣزӲϲҹ˵ǶϰߣҲ˯˲û˷֡
ֻǿزŵЬӣ˿Ƿ£زȴز
ɾزˣæĻȥ۾ʵɾˡ
ţˣôȥ˯ز۵ӣԵģزɾûɾ
ҪѰ飬һ鵽ڣ·ǣֻҶص˾˯Ҫҡ
زȻڼңȴɣһԵЬʵززЬǸ˭ģ
ԼģѧãôٸɾɾⱼЬҪģȻĥýۡĶǷزز
лزЩϰߵʵɾΪ˼⡣
лϲл֮زͷǸлɾɲԴӦһ£
ûҪ뵽زǳûʲôҪ󣬴ʱȻҪززҪʲô
룬롭ز֣ô˵źã޷
ӲΪزʲôݵҪزֻܷĵذֻҪ˵޲Ӧ
ɾдȥ̷ز۾ؿ˺þã˺þõ¡
̷֮أֻ˵һֱûлῴʱüһȥһȥǲģûҡԺ󣬻ûᣬϴΣϴηТʱҾ룬ɾܴܲȥһˣǾȥͿ̷ʲôӣʲô
Ͱ͵ػ֣ȫû뵽زȫס˺ðɡ
ǷؿزȷԼûز֪ɾȥķ֮أǣǾȥѣ͵͵ȥ֤˷֣
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪǵģһΪ£Ҫǲ˷ֵð취ǲ˾͵Ҫб˷ֵκοܡ
ǣȥһȥɣҶûȥ̷زô׵ķѾ˵ˣҪջᡣ
֣ŰؿزܵͷӦ¡
ҾԼȥ²ȫ˵٣ҲǾ˺Ϊģ̷ӣȻ棬ȴԼϡɾʹȥɣȥɡ
ҴδȥԼбҪһ㣬Ҳһûȥ̷ˡ
˸˵ȥʱȥ̾Ƿ֮أ̸ֻ£ֻͣȴԡ
ٷκɾ˶µˣ˭ȥ̷벽
û뵽ҪҪһȥ̷ˣһ쾹Ȼޡ
һطɺã
ΪزȥֻҪһط뾡취̷֮أǲŸܲش궨µĹأó̷
عأԼȴҪһعأ
˵ززҡͷҾȥ̷ҪɾϴȥȽɶٴһЩɶȥˣ
лҪ˵زҪȥ̷һΣ
ȥȥ
ȥᷭŶ

089ҪӰ

˶, вҲ, һ£һ󲻳, һ󲻵, زܻһ
Ϊ˽̻׵ܡšü, ޺ȳ֮, ȴͬ
زֵɾ, ʹӦҰɣȥһˣǾͿ, ֲ⫼
⻰˵Ķ㱻ˮǺ, زʲô
ʵֻ˵, ˵.̷ĵطز˵ùģ˶˼Ҫһ۸, ⱾҲʲô˵£ֻҪԸȥ, һж˵
Ȼǵϴι̷ʱ˵ĻģҲ˶Ч¡
ɾȥĽ̷ֹδȷִ, Żû󷢲ɾʹȥһȥһˣûɾմȥɾԸԸɡΪ˴ﵽĿģزŰţͷӦ´¡
ô˵Ҳǵһô̷ȥ۽磬û˼
ززز˰εػز֣زɲ˵ܾĻֻܱסɾɾʹӦһذɣһء
˵Żգһһţ
ҲûסرסزĴôΪززҪӰɣ
û뵽Ȼ뵽ˣزһ֮üЦӦһ֡
ý̷һεĴۻǲصģٵڶز˯ͣ뵽Ӧ£زѪӵ£زСˣǸҪˡ
عص˲٣ȴҲԶŵˣӦµ£϶
ʱôţһҪ취һΣҪͬİ취һҪ֤ﵽĿġ
û뵽һԼȴֲһ˵
Ӧزȥ̷ȴһֱÿգÿģǲܲҪݣطǺõطݣܲٵĺ󷽾ˡ
Ϣ׿Я۱ڳȴɱ»ʵ͹֣֮ȴС
ָӣƺѾԶЩѾ䣬ȴҲΪ䣬Ҫĳα仯ֻҪ֣һƽ
ƺⰲĵȴתڳ߸Ӧ˵ȥѰʵۡ
ز̸֪̾ţززصģҶ֪һȰ˼еġ
¶׷ʵۣһʵԼסѵܻסӣ
絵뻤Żʵ۵ģֻΪȫһμѻٺõļѻȴҲźóȫɣ֪ǰȥѣȴΪζΪ֮
ɾĪġزοôȰزûйʣǺƺѾͷڲѰʵ۵˼
ʵˣ֮κΡز뵽һŶ׿ʵۣΪʵΣпܣֻ²֪αۣҪ˱Ϣʳܹ
Щز˵֪Ŵ󺺴ʲô飬Ѱϲܲ٣ԭΪܲٸͬ·ˣܲһңŲܲٴһһĵ̣˽԰ʵ۹¡
ʵվزǲ˭ʵ۵ģֻܲܰļǷƽֻҪǶãʵʲôС
ݣһ£˲սִݣ˿ɲԭ䣬òһκزһǷǼɵˣز֮ͷã֪ˡ
ܲٵķأûлܲ٣Ͼ˵²ܲвŮ죬ΪŮܲ˵ĸۡ
ǲܲٵķ˵ˣλ˱ػ롣
ɾһ𣿡ʶز֪᲻뿪
ҪأТͬ£֮ңʧݣòʧ˵Ŀ˸⣬Ѳ⣬ʶ÷
زɾأܰ󷽣޺֮ǡ
ȫȻĻĿزϣЦˣززң
ΪβţɾΪμɾزȻطʣ޿ɷ˵ǰǲΪҪ޸ء
ȥ̷һµ÷һš˼æӦز£²ܵ˵˵
ɾӦҲżֻҪɾæҲҪעչԼزȷʵȥĵطô꣬ôˣﻹٵȵȡ
زͨĻһزһҾл
磬ӶһΣزûҪ̫ɵɵİɡ
ҡͷɡ
ӦһѾǼϹصˣزƽصĹأҲΪ
ðɡزһû취û룬ǾͲӰɣô˵һΣһΣ飬Ǿͺܺá
ǻԼӵģزᣬȥˣڼҡ
ãڼҵɾزΪѣȷңزȥ
˺ɾĸãΪǣճÿؿزһԣٰ䲻ˡ
زǷеĻȴˣ˵ûæȥɡ
ȥŰǸϽѧЬһ˫Ь
ֻûȵزЬȴزոţʲô˽Ŷеȫڸڣ˸Ҵɱ
زһοɱϵӣȴûиزĻᣬѾȥ
ز׷˾ʲô£֪֮ڣȻ뷴ܲٶӭʱѾݾڡ
ز뵽ܲټ㾡еıսݣݳر޶٣ʱҪǿûʶҲ֪֮Ӣ°ɣ
˾ڼУ棬֪ô£زһֱţҲע⶯ﴫϢҪڵһʱ֪ͨ
ʱѾ֪ıѾǲԶˣ˾Ǻã
㴦ϢңûӲģǸǿĻڵıƲסݱʧ
ȴʵѾˡ
ԥصĺ
ǰŵһȥţûһǰµ񴣬˴νֻΪһ仰ʹʹǫӦϹǾʳ
˽Īȴ˼ǿ뷴ܹ
Ȼɻ󣬴Ҳûİ취ʹȥȴû죬ԥݴʷɿۼڣ壬ȴҪ׼ǰĺȴ¡
˾һݵϣ˴ǰȥΣأɣɰ
ȴҡͷһᣬʱǰδľǵĻᡣݲǣҲ


090Դ

һ˵, һ̧ͷ
ʣʱ, ٲù϶ǻŭƫ, 
ıһ, г, ٴηҲ
˽֪ס, ֻǰȥˡ
ǧ, ʵ˾ǲɱ㣿
ʷΪҪɱңɱ֮, ֺη̸֮ЦţбΣ
ʷҪҲؼһʱ, ǳнʿմܹôֽ, ʱ಻ɴʷıĻֱ˷뿴ֵıΣܲܶԿ, õİ취Ǳ
ȲʤȯҲ޷, ǲأ
ǲ̫ȷˣΪܲսݣʱݵıûж, һ飬νûж٣סһݻǿԵġ
ʷδȴǰ˵ΪΣڹò׼ʱѾţҲ˼˻
۴ʷ£ΪʷѾףȴʷôʷݣսˣֵܾ֮ʣپٱ֮ݣԥݣǵġʷߏİɣ
ȫȻǰѾı˵γڵ㲦ǰĪҪΪһʱĳ嶯ΪеĽ
δûĹ˼ɣĻ¶Цݵ֮ţȻ鴫ҾǷֻҪҽ˱Ҳļơ
ȻҲӦһʾǰһ㶼ûվǵĽǶϣֻҪԥݲû٣ǿ϶ʱԥݡ
ãյȲϵ»Ⱦơǰ˵ˣ֮һҾʾ¿С
ǡȷηη˵˳ǵı㣬ĵǣ˵һ㶼ûд֣ѵû뿴ݶܾˣȡݣٶԥݣ
ȻпܣôԼռ˵ʱ򷢱ǿҪԼбͰݹƣʱԿһ¶ռЩˡ
ݳǶأܲʧǶ֮֮ܲøһ᲻⣿
͡ƽ뿪ǰԶϵЦһֱû䡣
ÿ죬ȥÿ죬ͷʱܿȵԭλãƺĿ⿴ЦЦ
˵ˣȴԸܵĨЦݡ
߹̻سǣһǾ棬ܲ˵˼˰
ˣǷ취ǲֻһԭǵĵ̣һҪ취ȫ
˾롣֪һֵǸ˵ʱǾ飬뷽跨İеĳǳرס
æŶԳزڸһֱȰȣһ£ֱܲٴʦſͬʱҲһϢҪ
زҲû뵽ԼȻôĳΪһĸףһѾʮˣ֪Ȼ޸ˣ˵żҲû߹£˵˵ӵ£ºӾȻˣزڴģĺء
סݣڿһû뵽صȴزһĺϢ
زֱزͽʼҪӣϴκزһᣬû뵽Ȼˡ
棿ĵĻϲȴҪȷһΡ
ΪҺϲʱҶɵˣɾкˡز˵Цݣǰкˣǵĺӡ
ֻǼݴϢĸڼǻزȥزһ׮£ȺͲ˺£ڶˣܶ
һĸ׺ֳ˵Ҽݴʱǲ˻ȥĸ׺ֳ׵ġֻҪ̥ٹЩӣǵĺӾͻˣǵĵһӡزģز
뵽ԶδϵЦضزס
ǣЩ¡ز֣Լһĸס
Ҳ£һһѧסز֣ʵҲ£ȻڴȴҲԼһøףһΪһøס
ѧģǰ·жδ֪زߣڳΪһ׵ʱزҲΪһĸף໥֣Ҳһѧϰ
زͷã
Ҳûϵ£Ҳѧϰܻѧϰܽġ
ֿ˵ʲôɻģ
Ϊ˸ܶණǵ֮ǰ˵һͨļɻ䣬˵ֶġ
ɾżЩӣЪЪʲôµЪ˵ðӣ¶Ǻ࣬زأϢǱܲٸŻϢģ֪ĺϢϾЦ⣬ززһ˯
æϢʱ䶼ûУزڼҲǵĵûúϢģȻˣزһϢ
زãһ֣һ֣ŵ˶Իϲ
˯֮ʣ˴ţֻô˯Ҳ˯ĸʱˣʱ컹û˯̫ˣزǱѵģû뵽Ҳ۾һ˯ѵӿ
ɾҲ˯ˡزѯţӦһزҲ˯ˣˡ
ȥЩԵġҪԸȥزˣ컹û˯ˣ˯أʱȥǣαءʲôԼȥ
زһֱϲԼֵˣ˲٣ճɨϴ£µĳʳһ㶼زԼȥ
زϲ³ҲΪϲߵ˳Ķϵĸ뻶ϲزˡ
ǰˣϲ²֣ȥزദ꣬ز£ô²ֵ֮չɣ֪һʱֻزԸġ
ֵҹһһҪˡһ뻹иҪһ£ҹһˣҲڣһҪ䣬˶˶ź򡣡
ɾϸģҶˡܰЩ¶ţԸزţزЦӦ¡
µ֮ҹȥЩԵģҶɾ𣿡زۿѾһرѵһֱѵţ
ҹû㣿뵽ڼҵʱزܻΪһĸڰǰʱԳŵӡ
ɾڣûزʵسϡ
ָͷҲڣɶڡ
ɶܺʲô˭ԵĶУɾһҴӦĸҪɾðװֵġ˽ҲɾһЩһЩɾͲŮ֮͡ز˵С˼εЦˣɶҪһЩ
Ȼãδ׾ͳСӣûŮϲģɶһãһҪһ㡣
ҪԴȰʲôΪɽ˳ı˹顣


091ŵ

δ¹, ززңΪزز³һΣ, ز˵ز̾, ɾ˵ģ
һ, ׷϶ػش, Ȼ˵˾Ҫġ
֮ҲزȻ, ޵, л
δǲóԣҲԣ뵽һ, һδ¹ˣĶܳ
һ, زǿؿڵԣ
ôܲԣԵİ
ѵǳǳЦ, ָزͷģδ³زز, ززָĳʳʵġ
ǱԼززͷã
һȤˣԸزһ, Ըز³˵ģֻǴ֣ζزġ
һ, زѾԱˣǷԸصʰʰ
ǣѾЩûڼңڻֻû뵽Ȼزһ³
һˣǸ˵سһҾ򡣡
ӦһֿڵصһţҴȥܽ㲻СˣѧŴˡ
ֻǴȥְһɱֺãڲܲٶġ
л򡣡ɸ˵һҾлȵ޹ְ
޷ֻѧϰһյĴڸϣƻˡѧһ룬˾ټܽȻһְٰɲΪȥһҪĹ٣ְ£˭ҪбȻûб£ٴĹ㶼ȡ
زǸʵˣƼҵҲǺøԶ̵֮ɱģ
һ͵֪ܶɸ¥ƽӿɽ̡
زǺദ°¸ˣóˣɸϽ׼һš
ֻǵ˲ܲٵĸʱͻȻһϤıӰ˵Ϥ˵ٻأᷳ
ɡڿšüʱſ˿߹Ѿк
ԵǵĸվǰƺϤɲ֪ǰ˭ֻǾ죬ǿԿ˶͸Ųơ
ᣬֻǾ׼븮û뵽ԼȻյ˴Ŀ¶׹ؿ׷λ˭ʲôطûʡ
ɰѻû׼ʣ븮һлȥÿ߹
λһӣߵЦк찢Ҳˣͦӡ
ɿĳμ񣬹Цеص𣿡
ȻֻһأǲϵܻǼǵôһģǿǶԵɱزˣɺëѾ
ˡƽޱȵػشûаĿε˵͸ˡ
£򣴨û֪ô벻Ȼ
լǺθɡ͸ܲٵˣأûаֵǣ֮Ц˵ļǣլкθϵ롣
ûεӣɨһۣ׽ˣɵСɣѧŵ㡣
ԲҲΪԼӦöѧŵ㣬ǹλֵѧϰĵط
ܲٸˣλ˻Ǿʶز֪
ר̥ͷ̥ȣҪСģֻԭͦõĻ࣬ºزǳʲôʲôµûڵصģһȳԲ¶˵³ˡ
æýȥˣزûҰһģҲΪ¸ܰæ⡣
ָİ취ֻһֱûгЧֻѰѰ涼ʲôƫκز¡
ֻû뵽һС°ˣǾˣ˵ǲܲٵķ˶ʱزǲ죬µûڵصţʱпţͷ˾ǰزϽǰȥӭӡ
زһ׼һ붡ϲ裬ʱ򿴵˵еĶˣزæ񣬡ˡ
عͷǰ˲ض֪ðǰ֡
ҡǰĶòһ㣬ȴǴׯһ֪λԶˡڿڲܲٵ£ĵòܲΣǰķˣеӵ˶ѡ񳶲ܲٵĺȣز󷽵¡
˲ؿҲ롣˾ɾһ˵УΪʣѰֹµķӡҲռһЩϣϡز룬˿൱֮˾ȡ
һλŮ˵̽һȥ޸Ͻǰӹ͵زǰزдķӣллˡ
㲻ؿ˾Ϊıߣʱסݣйݣڷлò뿪ݣŴΪչˡ˵еĹϵ̹Ȼ
زױʾЦ⣬Щܶ˶һ£벻һ¡
˵ҲǶڶΪʾлݸлںܶ˿δصһ¡
û뵽Ȼһôˣ˰ҲЦŵǸˡ
ͬһλĴмˡΪ˲ܲ٣ȥĶˣ˱Ĵмˡ
֪ΪȴǳԿޣҲ֪νӻ֮Ŀޣöֻøʵ֪
زΪȻصΪΪΪ֮˭˲ıѰΪһ±ǷѾ˼ֻҪ˶кοָժģ
ͨĻж˰øУص˵˾ӷ˵éٿǷ˲ҲΣ
زܲݶʱݶ˲ܲٵĵˣǰĶҲŲܲٵĵλ仯Ϊҷ֮ףԷبŵĵ
檵ҡó˲һˣݶʱزһֱûгţ˵˶ûУһμ͸Ϻˣز᲻ϲ
ǾĪҪٿ׵ĳƻˣҵһӳ֣г֪ѶһӳҲôҰɡʲźز׵װǻڵĶǽһࡣ
زȻܸо˵ı仯뵽ǵĽ٣ԱֻǼеĳŻỽ֣Եཻ֮⣬֮ദʱôģزҲصҵһز֡
ز֮زز仪ʫеһ䣬֪࣬ȻҲǶˣزЦŵͷǣ
˵ͷȡúʫ⡣һͨīˣԵʫȴΪҲ
ţҲᡣزҲʵϣʵҲᣬμ˶һۣӶԷпЦ⣬ҲܳΪѡ
лҪ˵˶˷ǡҵϹǲܲ١ǶӳֻΪһȡܵˣ˳һ裬֪Ϥ

092ˣ

˵һ, ڶεҲϰˡ
˵鲻֮͸ֹµķز, ѰһЧģԶŵʱµҪࡣ
֪µı仯, ˵Ϊ, زԵЩӲһ, 㲻ʲô, ˾Ϊһвɱ, ɱȡ
ܻŲܲһԿ˺Ͳܲٵĸã˵Ҳ˵ͲܲٵһЩ¡ǱǱ, С÷ȻȻľͳ, ЩĸһֱǶ˶á
ܲҲм, ǶһǶΪϲġ
˵Ǹˣ˲ûϸ˵, زϸʣ׷ʵ, ˵Ļʶ˵˵Ļһ, Ҳò𰸵ġ
˵ʱҲǾʧԣʱסȻϣزʡ
زѹûʵ˼̸ȤȰ
߶˺󣬰زжױµʱ򲻽˵һ죬ܽ÷һֱٶһһյĥǺá
زǲܽ£ǿԷģ˵Ļǣȥ
ֻһзƣЩ֪˵زǸܹܵסԼ͵ˣ˲˵ڣϣȥġ
زùܺǵ죬ڶ֮ܲ䣬׵Ľϣû취ǻˣཻĺҪôţҪôģͬ˾ġ
ȻȱȽǣ˲е⡣
ز뻹ǾһҪ˵˵£δ£˭ҵĶУǾԲ׵ģǶŮӻ˵һĥ
ûȵǶ˵زһˣǶ˳ˡ
£زһ٣ǰŵ˶ƽն̵֣óܵöΣ˳ǰززȻЩɣȴȥˣҪֵġ
Ϊδؼܳ£ֵ˶˵ԺУŷֶɫףǰˡ
ôˣزŶ˵ɫż׷ʣ̧ͷزľϲΪδػϾཻֵͦŴӲ˰Σ
زһʼȷʵôģһ붡˵Ϊ˻ֹµķӣջˡ
£Ҫĸϣ㲻˶ܲáز˵ĵʵڻڶԶ˵ˣŶ˼ı֣ܲﶼܲá
˵û뵽زȻôһЦкز
زĶӲŲĸ£ÿɵѹУ˵ʵЩֹµķӲΪ׼ģΪԼ׼ġ
ز˰죬˿ĶӵҺĽкӣһֱΪһĸףЩ궼ûеõҶѾҪˡ
һΣΪĻϣģû뵽µҩҪҰ
˸̾ţز֪ӺȰ𣬿Կó˶ԲܲٵĸΪ˲ܲʲô¶Ϊһǵĺӣˡ
ز밲οȴ־Щնֻýס˵֣Դ˸һжתġ
ƺյѶϢĨϵزصʱңǶԲˣʱȥɡ˾Ӧûˡ
زȶסˣЦŵһôϢ˴ˣʲûǰ˵Ƕˡ
֮жǰܲ٣زǺȥЩΣֻǲ˵ڡ
ң˵ôĻѾˣȥɣ˾ڸء˳ز͸ŴȤ˵
زһܽҲҪ㣬δΣӦߡ
˭Ȥ˭һأز⻰һ˵ǲ˼ˣزסֵвܽܽӦñ˸
Բ飬ڶ˶Բܲٱ֧ȫ
ãȴһӣȽĺӳˣһ˴ȥһˣϥ˲ܲٵĳӲܰزҲ֪£ЦӦ£ٺ˼䣬زˡ
ֻû뵽һεܸĻǶ˵ԺӣŸ߳ȴ˶ˡ
ò·˻ͦĺزкزľʵǣ
ˡزȻϳǰˣֻǾȻڲܸϣίʵ˲죬Ǹ˵ͷΣϴùģǸ
Ϊزܣزޱ㣬˷ˣһСҲܳΪˣʲôƹأ
ԳƷ˵λòܽͬ⣿÷ͬ𣿡زΪԼбҪһ£ǰ̫⡣
ԭɳƷˣһԭ䣿ز귢ֶ˴סˣĻû˵꣬ô׵ķֻٽʣֻΪõһ𰸡
·ǵ򣴨ز˵ʧٵûϣû뵽ŸþȻټˡ
θɣû뵽ռزΪزģȴزʵϻ
Ȳңԭ䣬Ǹ檣ֻһ͵ܲٸϲõС檡
˶֪ܲٺˣòӹɣһģõѡ񣬿֪ڲܲٵʱԥѡܲ١
ҲԣҺθɡزΪȻڲܸʲôݣһ˰ˣҲûǹܲܲլϲãزûС
زͬ׼ˣƵߡ
רŵزģôô׾ز뿪ٶزǰ̧ۿز𣿡
زЦˣϣƺԼˣ
ܽʿ˿񣬴Ӳһ˵ߣǶĿˣ˵ĿˣһСҲֻһˣҲһΥַ֮ܽ˵棬ȷ»ܼڲܸȥ
һѳ԰ˣһûԣزίʵǰ˲ģýͷѹң
زֻΪνϵôһ㡣˵ΪòɣҪӣǶٻǴһĺã㽫Ǻã
ΪǰģһƬ⣬˵ܲϲŭ޳һŮ˶ѣֲ綡һ÷ˣ̣Ҫôһ˻£ܲٶǺԥ֮
ò㵣ģҸ㣬һ㣬ҲģǸҵһԭⲻĻǡҧгݵķźݻ
زҡҡͷ
һ㶼˵˭
ԣΪΪʲôѡϵ£Ϊ˶Ը԰طŻزֻһ֣


093´

زѾð, ޲̰˺˵زôһ֣öҪˡ
ñ֡زֲǵһ, ȵľˣ, òҪ֡
ҳԲѷ, Ҳ㡣ŻҪȥ, 뻤ز, زܵȵ, ڿˣȫһ
֮ǰزһˤͰ˷ڵ, Ϊ˷ֹزֱں
ˡһﱻѺڵ, øϽǰϻû, زȽȫ赹ڵء
زˣǼǳԲǴǰɣһɱңôסģΪⰡǸ, ֣, ˣܸǷ͹ȥҰ᲻òܽˣ
һ㲻鷳ز֪һʣزʵγû뵽ز͸һйϵ, ʱûӦʱ̾ӣٱزһʣ뵽˾ȻԳƷˣǷ˷
Ʒ˷ģ£Ǿŷˡ˼˵ĻزķһûɵȫҪƫزĽࡣ
ز֣Ͻʵ˾ͽǣ
ֺ֪ķӦæصǣ˷ģ˽ū澣ū澻͵˴˴á
ǷΪܲϣлԲܲٵĸʱȴ˳Ƿ˺ȣÿزǸˣҪһȫܽ
һԵŮǰزӹ
ȴԲƵصǣǸôңϣһɱ㣬ɱġ
ѹȫزͷϣǹ˰
ز˽ܸ˴þˣû뵽˲ʲôþգҲãزúò׿סŮ֡
ɱҰٸһλᡣزЩ̥˵ֻҪݼҵ˶ν
زӹȷʵôãһӵĻﻹ£ѵһضǰɣãǾͱˣ
û뵽ز˰ſоǾϲززӵôģɱһȴ֪ԼǶ֣һλЩ֪ɱˣôֵԽԽ
һִϣԥһˤ䣬ز̾
ޱȵһЦزţһ;òԾ̧ͷһȻƼһȺվڲԶʶǱʶģز뵽ԼĶϽջֽŻɾ
û뵽û뵽һͨյˣȴոǿվǰһλòɾЦ˵ʱһͨüŪ۵ģز
ɾزȻѾµڵǺݣǲܸе˸ؼ
ʧˣ뽫֡ǧ㶼û㵽˵СŻᱻ׽ţزͷֵõüĿ
ܲٵνĻֵĻҸʧȥ
о⣬һæܲٵһҵ뽫ʧǰ㿴檶ˡ
زûǲܲٵʲôԼˣƷǷĿˣҶԿͲȥ
ѹûжԥزǵͷﻹ⣬ܲٷ졣
º˸飬Ѿȥסȥ
زĬĬظܲٵ˸ޣ䣬ΣΪתֶΣ÷Ӧ
ز͵͵һۣѾܲٿڵл
ܲȫߣвлĵܲٲΪȻػֵΪ龫ΪҼҷˣλһΪҲϣлǷ޲ǣôˡ
ĵֶһ
ҿ˾ţͷ˻ظɣԵ顣ܲٴ󷽵Ļ׼ˡ
۾˵Ϲأ˭˾أ
زȻͷɲνܾŵӡ
Ǵ󷽵صǣиˡ
ܲټֺͬһҾߵز࣬ǻذɡ
סز֣һٶһԵ˶棬ز޵ڶ˿ǲƥģ˭ƺãҲΪãΪزίģв֪жٵί
Ϊίȴʲôǡ
زҲس˸һȥ̵ˣزȴ
ءܲ뵽ǰյزʱϷĵЦ⣬ɴûǣһȷزĶڳп׵ġ
εƷһֺóա
ؿڸ֮ˡܲٱʾǺ˽ġ
ֻΪ˶࣬ղã벻ۡΪһزգ˴һʳΪ죬أû취صʱֻܲأϺյˣ˵ϲƭ˵ġ
ТȴǼÿڸ֮ˡܲٻͷĳˣ̹ȻسϵȻҲʳ
ĴòܲٴЦ˵ҵ˼Ϊ׼̳ơ
лȫȻûܲٵ˼֣͵һ׼˵л
ܲҡͷ̾ʹʹá
һܲ뷴ڣ̵һԾŶοɵء
ѵòܲٿ˵Ҫ׼Ƶģôܹòܲٷڣܲû˵ֻǴ󲽵سһȥȥˣɢ˰ɡ
Ժȥ˭Ҹţֻйεǧҵľƣҿɵء
ܲٻӻ֣δͣ̾û뵽û뵽Ȼ̳ܶþƣã
ززģǸջݲãǺزһȥ
زò׼ǲˣСʵɾǲˣ
ϳһֱû˵ȴһֱز֣һЩ£û뵽Ȼزᡣ
δǰӦزز˵һģ˵нյ¡زز𣿡˵زԼزܵš
ز㿴ܵŵӣ
ŵģǡ
ˤ֮ǰǾ͵ˣزżѯʣǣˤʱΡ
ǰĻزһȴסˣ͵ʵΣ
ͷصǣΡ
زˣΪʲôһεʱǶ
᲻ʡ̾ʱģȻزĶ̫죬̬˵һвܲڣܲȻ뿴ϷŲġ
زʵôôˤҪǴȥ˶˵һ͵ķˣĶ飿
޷֪ززӢ£Բһ˸ҿزز˼ززȻ
زǻ᲻Ͳܽ٣

094ҷδ

ġøƶ, Ŀ϶زûģ׷ʵϾǲܽŮˡ
붡˽, ǲҪģֻһ, ԭұ֪˽, ֻΪ, ȴ޴ˡǰԼ, Ϊû¸ز, زᵽܸʱ׼زز, ϳײˣ׷Īĸ
ز̾ص᲻һ
һ, زز˵Ļûʧϸۺγǽ̲ܽ, һҲҵǰɱ㡣˺úģԷġŲܲ٣ƶܲ, ܲټƽϣܲһöΪ˽ġ
زеԭ, ̾ص˲ס
ӻ˼ҵķʲôϵȻҪڵġ
زźݻǸȢţҲŲ񶡷һ, һҧ㡣
û뵽Ȼز˵Ļ΢΢һ˵ãһ죬ҧҡ
زЦŵͷָСЩʳʣɺЩ
öΪѰӣЩܳ˯ҶˡΪű˼ҵԼҵɾز˳Ĺתƻ ֲö룬˵ĸϹ
˭뵽Ȼλزǲģǲ᲻С
ȴؿڵ£ż󲻻ټˡ
ҲΪҲܼԾǸʱ򿴵Ҳزġ
زһ˼ɾ
ţǰ븮ʱżڸû뵽ززʵ֮زȴǶ˰û
زһû˻ûӦô£ô
û뵽ز밡ֻԼ䵽ֻΪ檵ĵزΪʲô
뷨𣿿ģ˵ϲ˵Ļһ䶼ȥ
زñȽϿ˷ı̯Ůɣɾˡ
ΪزΪûмʱ¸زˣû뵽Цˡ
ززۣࡣůůģʲôʱ뵽زڼһе඼ࡣ
زĻЦˣ¿ɸˣ
ˡһز£ǰȥǰ˵úݣܲٲԼĸزһֱûжЩ£ȴǿʵġ
ݾܸһˡһֻǿʼǽøԶôѾҲٽ
ݴãزǸ֪ʱݴ϶ӣ
̾صǽһأ÷ТһȥززһУزز
뵽ǰЩӵ֪زʲôԲȥ˵زһȦȷʵˡ
زԼסǴ󷽵صɾõҵģչ˺Լ
ززǿչ˺ԼҲģһᾡܵززû˵زܲչ˺Լֻúõչ
ز磬ֻصãҲҪɾ㡣
ȵʱҪȣزҪһûʲôܳϵġ
˫˫Ѽһû뵽Ƕһòᣬزһƺ˺üζ˹ȥڼ仹Ͳܲٳһܣֵͦ󣬶һֱԴһ붼òܲġ
û뵽¡º󶡷ţزһȦ̾صǺαأ
ΪԵģֻΪȥǳȥģû뵽Ȼ˸Ҷ㲻ΪֻΪزûϸϸ˵Ƕ֪ز⡣
ϵ˾һѵã˶ززĺø»ᳳ֣Ϊѣһˣ˴ӲԼԲܲٵİɷû˱ȴžɱĵطɡ
˵Щѹ£ĶӱǰЩӿɴˣٹºӾҪˣ˾ݰɣҲͲܲ˵£Ҫϰæʱܲٻֱ˵ճΪֻƾŶ˵Ĺ۲죬Լļ⣬Լܵİܲ١
ɾ˵ᾡ£Ҳ뽫롣ز󷽷Ľӻ
˵ˣһλӣܻẦµģӦ˾㡣
ز˵һЩеӦüɻ£ȻûлӣܲٵΪŮ˲٣Щ˻ǶµģһЩɻ䶡һֱϡ
زȻڣҲزһЩ£ȴûнеļɻ価˵¶˵²زҲ档
ҲĸϣȻǰ϶˵¡
ò׻ˣΪһɩ˵աôһϲ¾ȻҲҡΪûܳԵزնʧһģزһڳǰֻδᡣ
Ȼص·Т֪
û˵ζѾ֪ˣżʲôأ
ԲӡȻ֪ȴǴģӦþǸ⣿βߵ࣬һֻܽزĿǹ֪ѣҲǲܽܵġ
ĬĬŲȴǹشսΣ㲻񣿡
áƣһס
ε㲻֪δˣ
üûһµص롣
˵һˣǴ˳ǰļһ£֪Ρ
شͷεóϣ̫뵱ȻˣΪô˵һǳزˣ϶н٣û׼ȥ
û뵽û뵽Ǻǰһȫǵôһ˲ڡ
ƺ´ˡ
ʲôҷʲôɣվϸϸ˵˵Ǿʲôˣ
Ѿˣ۴ǰʲôֻܴһˡֻƽسһʵ
۴ǰʲôĹϵҪѾΪܲٵŮˣΪͬţӦöŮ˵¡
һɨ᲻ֻ֪ǴתģȻԲ֡
û뵽Ͳܲйأ˰죬Σ
Ȼǲܲù˵ģҴ󷽷ȥ˵ܲٶĴãϻްĪοŮҲһһ٣ٶķŹһ˲ᴦáֵأøˡ


095»ҳ軵

ε´˾Ĳ, Ҵδ֮⡣
żΪܲ˵̬ףֵ̯Ǳá
ֻҪ֪ܲٵ˼, ¶⣬ĵĽΪһܲٺ֮˼϶, ôĿıǴ, ɲһϢ
Ŀ⵭صԬ, Ҷס
˵Ҳ, Ԭһ, ôֵศ
һڨЦֻʲô뷨
ν뷨, εˣҲΪͬ, չ֤Ǹݰյ±, ʳܼһ
һͬͬͷ
֮ĺշμܲٵļƻ, ϸϸ˵뷨, ҲǲɣΪȻͷ
˵£ز²³, ֪ҲûԵʵιϵ뿪
زҲ˶ˣ˵ڹ뿪󻹴ڷаûزĳ£㻺ߵ鷿ǰͼƺ˼زǰһ
ܿͼΪѵֻǹ£ǾͺܺãزֻΪͲ֮ܲ˼϶˵Ƿ˼زЩġ
Ǹ֪ˣڶŵʱǰزΪıʣǰ׵ˡ
زززһֱû̧ͷزŷ֣æز
ͬʱ߹ȥززһӻع񣬡ɾ
ˣ֪ʣһʣزͷºʵɾʲô
ϸڡܻز̸Щ£زʲô
ɢ޷֣Ȼ޴̸֮±Ҫ⣬ҪΪһ֡Ҫʳͬڴ粽С
Ǻ¡֮໹ڽճɵ£ձزԿࡣνҪ¸·Ҫｫճ֤ҲҪģУα֤ĳɳջ
û뵽زô죬ûһ˿ԥ뵽زҲȥҲ֪ղףЦЦسزǰҪҪ˲ܱ֤ճɣղŻܵһǻΪ֮ġ
£ģս£ǰ˺̽Ϊܸͬܡز˵ˣϿɣزлбɻ
ɾбĵģزСѯʣеģֻǴʱ֮硣
ĵһطزĲھ˵еĵģҲˣתƻǻݻݡ
ݿΪ֣Ҫĵطĺȥһݡ֪زҪʲôĴ𰸣زȻȥʱϣܹһֱչġ
ز뵽Լװ˵ٵĻ˼سȥɾɾȥɡһӦġ
֪زΪ룬޷ǲ̫ᣬԾԼչ˺ԼӡزһУز˵Լ»չԼˣš
ززӦһززֻûزе˼ֻܺغززܸܵĿأ֪ʱ˵ģǷģ½˻εɾ
Щ²һʱززǰһޣͬҪزĴ𰸣־ڿ£ǲһһϦ£αһʱ
Ҫز֮ǰӦز
زǳһ㣬̵ģסֱصɾã
زͷزúܺԼ°ˣôزúܺأ
ز㽫·£ȴû뵽ǲδȻûȥæˣȻҪ׼Իģæòɿ
زе·ԽԽֿʼز߶ÿշڻ԰תϼȦҲϰߡ
ۿڼزȿʼ鴤ʱҹ˯ţַ˯ģִⲻϣÿÿزųʹѣѾʼΪȣôһֱۿɼٿ޵زһʹΪʱˣֱŵòᡣ
ʹܣǻʹȥ֣Ǳܵĵģ˵ҪȥѰ֣زȻ£Ļŵҡͷǵģɾ
԰һһȦزۣȳһ£һȦ¶ǺȦزܲۡ
û뵽ĻΪȻصززࡣ
زԺҪӰɣɾ̫ˡ
û뵽زȻΪŲҪӣ˰죬عزز໹ǶҪӣҪá
ѯز˼žزһ٣Щճ鴤ǰʲôʲôȻһܣزǾܹܣǿкȦˣ͹æˣصи࣬˯úúõıزѣһࡣ
Ҫɾȥ鷿˯ɡزûнӹĻַ¡
ǵĺӣҪӦһ࣬ûԼһȥ徻ĵززҳ軵ġ̾ţµĶûͣȻزȣ
ز΢΢һ軵ִ˵һּĸо
ɾҳ軵Ȼû˵ʱмͬһܹҹΪȵˣִִͬûм
ز̾ڰ軵Ŷԡ
ˣȢززʱ˵һززãһһززã㻳ŵǵĺӣ࣬ǰҰﲻززֻΪززȣȰˣززʹҹ˯ŸۡңҾҪΪ˸ˣҪչ㣬ҪչǵĺӣҪǰչǡ
䶼ǲزַ˼زֵɾҳ軵ôɾԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬㶼Ҫһֱң뷴ڶԡ
˵ɼףѣزڵõȫȫĶԴˣ뷴ڣٴã
δزԵЦüģشӦá
ز˫ȵĶûΪ˵ͣ£زٴβˣùĪޣزز޵ģزز䲻ͣۡ
㡣زָ㶼һȦˡ
ززΪҺĳʳҵĿζǸϲززĳʳʱ
زæãҳΪɾ³һɾ֡


096㲻

ʲôʱܰѺ, ֵزһһ̥˶п, زӿ쵽ˣҪСһЩ
Ǳ, زź, Ҳܹƽ
һùźڻ԰ɢ, ߶, һֱزÿռߡ
ӵڰֻ̤Ź, زǵһ̥һ̥ɲģּһ̥µ, ֤زʱ˳ǵһҪ
, Ҫߡֿزͣ£ͷǺزɼ, ֲúĵһ£Ҫټߣ߾һЩ, һ£ʱͻһ㱣ϡ
زʱԼ, ͦôһ߰ߵģҪеһ˻۳ʲôӣ
˵Ǻ£˶ʱ, Ҳ᲻ˣҪٽزʲôףûɿڣزߣǧͣ
زһ֣Ҫ˵˵Щ£ҡ
û뵽زҪ󣬲̧ۿززҾһǲ£˵ʱ򶼲
ֵҲŷˣߵ·ˡ
زһ϶زһЦ뻹ǲģ۰һ۾Ͳ붯ˣҪֶңܲˡ
ҲЦˣزƵˣϾǹغԼС£Ǿ˵ģһֿز˵ͬĲ
ҪԶһЩԶһȻһЩȴԼʱܶһ
Ҫ֣ҪǲҸ㽲زģزȷʵԼټһ£ǰţȷ᲻Żˡ
뵽΢΢һЦֻǺزָɣزͷ϶ص˵Ҷš
϶ŵģزһ˵üǰߣһԿʼ˵Ҳûע⵽˻ؿֻǺܻὲµģ˵˵ҲԽԽ޷Ӧ̫Ծ˵ʲôˣô
ͷŮû뵽ԼȻˣȴżؿڵңˡ
е˼زרģЩĪȴֻǿһۣûжܵ˼Ѿٴ׷ʵҪΪ£
ŮҪҪ˲˵
˼뻹Ҫز޲Ϊصĸ£Ѿͷ
һʳŮֻ˰쾹ȻšüͷҪ˾ΪΣ
˭ǹ£Լʲô¶˵Ůɵġ
ۿԼʣŮƺǲشӣһԵŮֵ˰
һŮʲô׵ģܿ޾Ҫز޸ϽҪסȴסŮƺƴȫҪزذغȥɣȥɡ
زȥ̰زҪסŮİޱŮŵ֣ȴҪǰָϽĵˣ˿ߡ
زѾϳλŮæһԵ˺Сģȥ
ˣǲֿܳȭĶԸǸϽж
ˣߣߡлزϽߣɲٴȥԷĿز
СġزˣǳӢ۵ʱ򣬶Сģǧš
ֵѪŮֻزҲԣŵѪذ׳زߣ㲻ߣ㺦䵽زҪҪ
׷زֿһԷŵľŪزҪʱȵĹӣֻһôȴǹ˲ϵùϽĽ˦ȥͷϣͷҵѪʹ
һĨͷѪˣĿ֣ң㾹Ȼҡ
Ƿˡ־ǹģزͦŸܵö죬ǰæȡʱ䣬ü
룿ҾͰȫɱˣȫɱҲûܹҡо˵Żǰ׼ȥҪľֻҪעɢǾǵĻᡣ
ز洫ȴҲ˲ãҪǳģֻҪˣҪܿࡣ
Ѱһ»ظû뵽ûԺֻ߽űоʲôطԾż֡
£һоղԣ׷ʣ֪ô£
д˴븮Է˲ʵļҶһۿϽش֮ʧɫԺȥܽȥȴزײһزŵҪˣӦؽסǰصĪ£ززҡ
زԭˣʱ̾ţײ˻Ļ⣬û뵽Ȼڻɾ
ıû£ûˡ
˵û£ϣزû£ذɱˣһŮܵùŮǣȻƽҲûʲô£ܵ˵ҲҪöࡣ
﷢Լһ˶׷ϣʼѰززķ򣬴ʱ׷زͣ¸˵Цˣϣ㻹ôܡ
Ҫز󣬳˷Ըˣ¡
ôٷŹһ£ҶѾ߹û뵽û뵽
㾹ȻĺݡԼǿߣЦһҲ˵ĺݡ
زڼﾹȻɱزҪһʬ˭ĺݣ
¡ٺϻֻȥ
ﻹлյˣذŻһɲͨյŮ죬յˣѹûаԷĻᡣ
ﱻ˶ذף˫֣λ̴ӵɾδã
£Ǵûе⣬ȱС
زûĿ˵Ǿȣɱ޶ұ㡣
һһεķŹһֱģû뵽ô飬ȴǰȻ򣬼ȻԲģǰһ٣ٶĴĵߣĹ˭Ϊزֵþء
δ˵䣵ĻĿǲţ㲻ɱңҵˣҸǲܽˣɱңֲ˺á
޲ɼۣΪΪԾ뿪ȻܱһƫƫҸϣҵ޶㡣ĴҲֻôһΪԼڻˣΪԼǲܲٵˡ
ģҳô û˻÷ңҲǣ㲻ɱҵģ㲻ġ


097

زһĬĬһ, 㣬
Ϊúÿ˲¿ǲ, ǲͬܶ࣬, ǰ׻Щ갡
ز, Ѿͷ˵ȥ
¶ѵǼٵģ
ȴǲʵ, лص, , 㲻ɱң㲻ܡ
ܶһЦ񶼲, ȥ
Ѿ˵ȥס˲ٳ, ˸Ͻȥﻹڲϵؽ, ѾԶһ¶Ĳͷ˾ġ
ɾزһ, ͷԵЩżѯʵôˣ
ҺҪˡزǾһʪȣͷһ϶Ѫ, Ѫ
ͷһѪѪزżطԸ, ȥţֿ֣
żֵĽлʮ𼱵ģһԵҵȥŵȥֵҲϽȥ
ɻص˵زǱﾪö̥ɫͬ䣬żزԺȥ
ţСܽ죬ɲһż׷ʵ򣬰Σ
һʱ֪λشźá
ﴫزĲҽһ飬û취ַŵ򶨣һվڵŮһһѪˮ߳ŵǰ׽סʵ򣬰㲻°ɣ
ģززµģһûµġ˵û£ɷò׼
Ĵ׽𣿽δãʱżأټҲܻţǹתƻĺá
˳ɵĻѾ£ȱдá
û֮ǰѾ׼˴ãûʲô˵ģΪݵľ漸ɽƣܽȥΪʵʧ˱ػὫЩȫڽͷϡ
Ļϸ˵Ѿס
һϸ顣һҲһ׮ӣûѣҲڵһʱ룬ѾܸܹܲŮдز˵ֻżš
ʱȱֻһ棬ǵʵãϾһԽˣزʲôֻɱ
ɵزƮȥǽȻȥɡ
ߴɻԼԺţȴҡͷһ£Ȱƽƽ
Ůɡһ˵ɺԥؽӿڵŮҲãŮҲŮ񰢽ã
زһ˾ůˣٵѣ뵽һ˵ǻȥüиɾ
ϣɾŮɣΪɾŮɶͦõģأ
һ٣زû˵ӵԱΪĸ뿴źӳƽƽĳ
á˵ţزҲòɾŮɣǵĺӣ˵ӡ
ֵ̯ҲǣһӣɾŮɶһµĿʼ
µĿʼµתۣӴһɫӵĸףҪñǰãҪúΪ
Ӹˣֱͦزܹƽĵºӡ
ţʱһţĶԽ󣬺ҹˣԵЩżѯʵΪη˻û
İ޸Ͻ͵ֺŶ˵ǵһ̥ûô죬˵ɾСɾȻȥϢɣڼɡ
ȥ߷ˣֻܰعǡʱزܼǹǣð޽ȥչ˺ԼزֻҪרºӣСƽɡ
˵ڵ˼컹Ǿ˵һ䣬νĵز֪ʲô˼ġ
΢΢һ٣ЦӦ½ȥ
زʹûǺܽкȲһѺ¡
һزתĻ΢΢һ٣޵˿ɸˣ
ˡزܿ϶ػش𣬡Ҫƽƽºӡ
˷ģЩһֱúܺáزţϽ԰زҲţŮ˵ԣͻᣬûʲôµġ
زԱߵŶЦˣһԵŵ˵üԣ²ýţԽǽŷã㲻ģƽƽġ
ǿο˰ز˵֮оԽԽʹſˣˣȥ׼Щˮ
ⶼʹ˼ʱ˲˵࣬ǹ˰
زڲϵ²ۣȴûа취ӵ¼ãزʹȫѾû취룬ֻŶӵĻϽٲûˡ
ˣߴΪҡźزƺôһ
һоһᣬ߶ǽк˵ˣˣ
زһǳˣٲɶסˡ
ɾλСɾֵСӡ
زһӰû뵽һ̥ȻǶӣǾûѹˡ
ơ꺢黹ţźֶæΪزʰҲæϴɾ˲űزͰ͵Сһ̾ó󣡡
һԵ˶û뵽زȻԼĺӣ̿˵һ乫ˣճĺӶձˣġ
زҡҡͷ𣿿ôɾúÿҲİôôĶӣ
ʾ飬εصٳǷģѵ𣿡
ǿ϶ҪģҲģһúý󣬲ͬɾһвţݷǷֻһƽ˳졣
ز˵Цü䣬洫һɾĽл߽ŵɾѪδɾôˣ
ΪȻƹߵزߣز˵صɾǵĺӣǺɾһСɾе󡣡
ĺһû뵽ĵһ仰ȻزԸճĺŨŨ
޷ٳֻҪԺ޵£Ȣϱġһɨ˯ĺӻشزˣ˳ѣ뵽Ժ뵽Ȣϱˡ
زͷǾҪɾˡ
ָزͷҲ࣬ززࡣ
ز˺üʱˣ춼Ҫ˲ŰѺ͡
ɾһ࣬ұ㲻پˡزµĺ࣬ʹ˼ʱʱҶһġ
ز˯ɣۻˣӸҡ
ڶ˵Ҫӵ˵껰ѾźһԵֻҪ̽ôӵģճĺӱڻֻǶ˶ּ˯Եò죬Ȼᱧӡ
ɾȸңǵĺӽʲô֣ز׼˯ģһҪ⣬ȡ


098°

زпʼѾֵ, زסһֱûӵ
, ĳӣһܿ, һӵͷʹ, ˦ֲܡ
, 㢡ص, ȷزµһλСɾʱ, ĵĻϲ
㢣غΨԸٺӻ, ڵһֻϣƽ󣬺, Բۣ˶ѡ
ز΢΢һ, ͷãҪȡС𣿳ô󣬽аɣ
ŰڽǿЦ, 㡣
Сֻزز˾ͺá
ɾŰȥɶ, ˯ˡزǹȡ֣ʱõĬϣ˵˵Էĵ˯ˡ
ãӦ, Ҳϣز˯˯ͷǺǴģƫƫﻹԡ֪࣬ҲϣԲôࡣ
ģεһӳ
һε˾˵İӿɸˣСҵСףôô󣿡
û뵽˷ڴĺӾȻô󣬱벻ܽܡ
ܾزЩ񣬽ͬһ֣˰죬ε̾ΪȡΪ㢣ززΪȡһС󡣡
ʲŻӵĳ˾һϽص󰢳ûû£С㽫㳤ò㸸һһҲȾ˾ǿһġ
ʺŰô˳ڵĳ˾ȷֻ
ڻǶ˯Ĵ㢣СĺӣԶ벻ǧճĳС֮һĸһ֮ЦС
ڸĸĻǿȻһ֣һ㶼󣬿زȫܸᲢۡ
ֻǳΪĸճĺӳ֮زǱһӤĿѵģһ˲زòʵôкӵĿأʲôû
ȱŸճҶ˵㢽ʱزŻعǰʱѾºˣǻʵһλĸ˰
ˣСɾˣֱ̡㢣ڿ㢵ʱϾЦ⣬زȸ㢳Ա㢿Ƕˡ
ĸû𣿡زһܾʣǵԼĸģֵԵĻˣӵĵһڽ͵óĸ׵ģӲŻס
ЩزǲģҪѰĸֻΪʱ֮裬ҸƺˣزԼ̫⣬˹ԹԵĸ
ʱ˵ιӳԵһ̣޲ͬģͷֻ֣˵Ǹʲôزܲ˼
˱СɾҲˡƺ֪زʲôһزλˣزᣬƤ
ֽ㢽ززڻУֱزָزӦôزֵָƺˣ۴ûҪͣ˼زȻǵһι̣֮ǰбСӵģɣҵСӡ
ز㢵ıŵԣĪޣ㷹ԡ
˾ţ֮㢺һˣڣѾֹסʹȫΪܶ
ˣɾأزιСѵʱ˿棬ʱˣڡ
ɾˡɲҵˣǡǡ෴ݵţ֪Ҫæ
زɾʰ÷䣬ĪɾסĵطûС
ǣǷĵһӣҪٽСɾҪչ׵ҲҪչ˺Լֲܳءز˵׼ʰһ䷿䣬֪زǹͬʱҲΪԼΣ΢΢Цˡ
زصʲôַˡ
Ȱ̸Ϸġֵ˵ʵһýȰˣɱֻԼϲŭµҪɿöˡ
زǵһصĸףҪòԣǲ׵ĵطֻ
˲ʣ֪ĲװԼãһ˵ġһֱƵңزҲδģЩദزֵһԴֶס
ˣ˶мˣز˵˵Żһ£ǵðˣʱЩ˰أزż
˰ܵƤˣûбˡزһߣ˭ҲҪʱܼǵЩ£زڴʱʮֽţɼǵϡ
زǾͺãǾͺãҵҶͣղҵ˸˫ݡ
˻£Цˣл͡
زĻȥֻиԸƴĻزϾ¾زͣ˵زǸͷˣй͵ô󷽣ҪĽ˶ѡ
븮һҪ顣͹ͣû꣬ز뵽ĳ֣⣬ֻ϶ɵġ
ɾѾȥ飬ɾķ˹ģҺͷ˵һֻҪӣɾġֽӹزģǱѾִ£زġ
زû뵽Ķô죬һҲԣô򵥵ĵףôܻ᲻
£ֻĶѣز¸ˣȻĵزˡ
Сɾ˯ˣһֱزػһˣزز㢣ͷһԱں˯
˯ˣزش𣬸ϽѣŶعͷزĻӹص˶ϢмۣСɾǷԱߣȻö౧ҪСɾϤϢСɾ֪׵ġ
ز˵ľǲ˼ϵصͷֵġ
ּȥţҪ飬˵˺ӣǲ̣һ࣬δػס
ҡ籸õģزͷ˽Сҡ̧ͷز齱ߣ㢰˯ţز˿̾صûôˡ
̿ˣٹᷢСɾԽԽÿġ
زΪһ̫⻰˼׽׽ͷÿͺãÿ
زô͵һֻʱˣ
ϢţȥΪ˱Щʳȥ׼ıģز죬ͷԼֵġ
ͷ£̧ͷܿһԵ㢣㢰̫󣬵زҲΪ㢻ϲĺӣѪеĺء
زŲ֪ʱѾ˯ȥֱĻתѣûüкȴؽز
ڶѾ㢣ͻȻתͷãزˣص
Ϊβ


099

Щ֪, ƫƫûزشѾԹԵشزز˯һղʳ, Ѿ׼ˮ͵ȡ
˵Ż˹һԱµˮ, һ˹ȥ, زӹ, ҡͷززá
Ȼزӹ, ѵιز
زͲ, 齱ߣһˮ¶ȸոպá
ոպʲôģزٴֵɾԼ
زز, ˵ӵʱͣιززһ˵Ȼ, زصҲںţɾɡ
ι, ĶҪˣΪʧ̬ز޶Ҫ, һҲˣززιҺҩ𣿡
Ȼᡣ붼ûжزش, ҲҸ£ززҪܾ
ĳλǿߵСزٲ˼ܾܾҡҡͷܾ
ˣһ͵زĴ, ز죬鷳һһ׵ιĩ˲ùΪزùǵ֭ôȻȻ㲻ͻأزߵסûԼʧ̬¡
زһʵزز𣿡
ҪزĶͷزշ죬ͷ϶Ҳ̡
ֻǾЩȡΪ˲ز磬´û򿪣زȺ
ɾѾΪһ䷿סǱȥزǴżѯʡ
鷳˯ͺã㣬Ҳ㢶
زһϽҡͷСɾ˵ˣӵʱԡҲϴͷʱ¶ǳģ㲻¡
Ӳ˵ʵУز뵽ԼҪһ²ϴͷԡ˶ըˣزΪҪС
زز࣬Ҹһȥ徻ûоʲôף˵ز࣬زߡ
زٴҡͷɾĲУҪĻҽμ㡣
һϲˣΪһϲһһ²ԡϴͷˣ̣
ǿ飬زһ㶼Ŀ顣
Ҫ˵һʼ̫ף˵ϣˣزز㣿
һеģز˵ԼôܻҪ˲ҡɾ͵һأǧҴһҲɾҡ
ûɫ˥ΪӻͷĿܻᱻٵеĺøУȫزܽܵģһҪѿ״̬
Цãززֵεˣ
ֵֵΣֻǲϣԼٵɾҵĺøУҪԼݺøУҽöҰһŮΪӶʧȥøеһ£زԲ϶Լܽܡ
ززΪҲۣǴ˵Ȳ֪ж˲ϲ㣬ûϲԼ翴㻹뿪һӲ֮Ҳزɫ˵زһ٣ƺе
㢶ʱҲܰ㣬һչ㢶Ҳչ㣬Ҹġزǰĳϸ˵زĲܾȴܾܲ
ǲɾҲɾңɾȥסɡزĶģǰԼǱѿһİǰزû
ǵһοزᶨľܾһ£˼ؿززٽذɾ͵Ըʱסһ£ҡ
Ƴȥ㲻֪ĻǼز
Ϊ˼زСȲĴ
ɾ𣿡زüͷᡣҸزز
ȻزǧΪΪǱһҪûΣбΣزҪˣزʱȴܹϵظЩ
زһףסǸסĻǲ˵ڡ
ס䣬ûزز׼Ҳݣ˿ɺáزɣزѹȻزѹ̫󣬴ز˵֣Ψ˶Ρ
زһˣã
ҪĲزܹķɣȻزΪˣǽеʱ䣬Ҳеǻᣬ֤һ²ؼһʱ
ԣһ齣زڵõɿڿ´زſһ齣ǿһɣ˯޿ܵġ
תһ˯һµˣʵֻҪиطɣνġ
Ȼˣز˰̵һЩѾˣСӻҪ̣͸ܿҲˣֱ˯ҲŸ˯¡
޶زģزԼǲǲӦö˵Ŀأ˵Ǻģֻ㢣һ͸׵ΣȴΪ˲˶Уƺȡ֣
زʡţȴӦز£뿴㢵ʱ˽㢱䣬زܻչ˺زԴöһҪС
زΪزεζɿֿСصɾϲֻ࣬ɾϲʵɲ㡣
زЩֻǲҶŵϵζˡ
ӾôӣزԼŵϵζܲˣǼᶨˡ
εЦֻǴˣûŵкζ
ֵ˵ôе㲻ʵĸо
־ͱˡزᶨţͷǳһ˵ûζһ׼ںˡ
ֵ˸ɾ
Ժõˣѵãز̫ģƳȥˣʵ䷴
ŵģֻŻõԼڵģҲϲһԼϲԼزȫ޷ôǵȵȰɡ
ôһȣۿҪˣزǰһҹȴô嶼˯زָüã㢻ϲزţҹ㢾ٿޣزһ嶼ᰲ˯ǽҹȴЩͬزСʱ㢻޲ֹزоԣ̷Ըȥһˡ
ָտزֱ°ҹŻȥزʱֵģţزô嶼ɣԵҲż
ֺܿȻǸ˯£˵̸ͷɢģʱҲЩ
زͬһ㣬֣쿴
ֲҵæΪ㢺һű㰵һȥˮιɾ¡
ӻóһҩ裬һŮӹϽȥ죬زôˣ
˲صģû£ֻǻʳԳˡС˵ز΢΢һ٣Եòࡣ
زһιҲûжʲôôͳԳˣֲֻһԵĸ

100

ĸͷ, زһ٣ֵιСɾʲô
⻰һ, ĸµعµˣ, ֻιСɾһЩʳ, û뵽Сɾˡ
ɵģزšüͷ, 㢿Сʱ, Ӷ, زεصȥɣ쿪ʼ
۴˵ʲôιóԳ, زٰ¡
ˣĹһΰ, ұ֤ұ֤ٷ, ˡزһ׺ͣΪ㢵ĸһӦԵĴĶõ, زʴ˲̣һĸȻ˰Ѻιó, רҵûУ˼ӡ
˿֣زķŮڴʱѾõҩز, زżҪι㢷£û뵽ĸòزĻش־Ҫزӡ
زһֱ㢣һӹҩ룬ͻȻһ뱻ڵأҩˮһأŵٴοزšüͷʱ˽ͳȥٸҳֱ֣Ӹϳȥ㡣
ȻҲŭˣӵǴһпܻ֮Σ
ǳԳţ޲ֹ˾ţ˭ܱ֤ᷢȷ
һΪƣΪԼƶͷϡ
ĸܵ£֪ʲô˼ңȻ֪ͲӦõҵˣزİ˴򷢣û׷ĹѾһ棬Ҫ֣㢵ҩ֭һٴһڣֻҪ֪Ӧ
ȥĸһҷʵʵ뿪߹ȥزĻӹ㢣Ѿȡһҩݸ㢷á
㢣زȡҩһع룬㢰ܿ˯Ϊ㢺زɾ˷ģСɾûˡ
ҩһ£ܿͻûµģزֻȥϢɣ㶼һˡ
زΨһӵˣҽߣָ̫࣬Ÿջȥ˯ֱزǹⲻȥ
Сɾ£ͻȥЦ⣬ͬʱк˶˳ȥֻһڡ
㢷СУ㢶˶زæҡҡǸ޵˸ܵϤɣһ˯زһزļûزز˯ɡ
زӦһȴûȥ˯һӿѰزǰɵʱʱСϻչˣֻǿǿ˯ģز֪ӲףֵԼ󣬸ˡ
زǶ㢵ӣƺһӲ֪Ǻá
ززˣ˯ɡزᵣ㢣ЩףͻȻޣһܵģǵĹôزز
Ժ󣬲ġز뵽ѣͬʱҲ⣬Ժͬ·ģΪԼҪοزأû뵽ҪزֻǳһʱѾطӦȫȫչ˺㢵ġ
Ǻܸ˿ز˳زӦһȥ˯ɣֱز˯ţȥ
زѾЩûˣʱЩ㱣֪ķ֣鼱֮½ˣѾһûԡˣ
زУջǷˣܽУܽУҪʲôľᡣ
һԵҲƺزĵıתѣһ´ĺӺ˼һ˰װÿˣزߵСߣƺ۾زЦݵؿţǰҲ𣿡
ֻһСƸزһӦزСز˵˽һˡ
ĸȻϳȥˣһʱҲˣһЩزʱΪһĸ֪Ķ٣ٷľȻһصˡ
տ㢰ɣںܶ˵ӽտɣֻҪȵӻٿʼߣѾܺãز˵ˣĺӣһһտ󣬿һһı仯
ɾȥ𣿡Ը꣬زˣȻҲ£ĪĲ֪Ǻá
ǣɾѾˣǰԸūһҪչ˺÷˺Сɾ˵ĸ·ôô졣ް˵Ļزã
쵹ûע⵽ûı飬Ӧãܻǲİɡ
һ죬ȵҹʱظˣزȥģֻһֱ֮ͻȻȥо֣
ҡҡͷزǷ£ѾһЩһز㢽նΡ
زŶţȰȥɾȥҹŵòᣬɾγǡ
ڶΪ˵ģز˶һֱɾڵ뿴ã
ֵ֮ʲô벻õģɾǶöԷˣǰֻǵĻɾϲɾѾֳˣɾǵֻˡңΪɾŮŻԼǱɾˣظΪ
˵˵ȥΪ˵ز˿ԼˣǵȵȰɡ
Ҳò˼ͿԽˣʱȥǸΪһص
ֻȰһȰǿززʲôѡľ˵ֻҪԸǡ
زززһţȳٺԼ
زһ𣬸ϽӦɾ
Ҫһˡ˵£ѾƳ٣޷Ƴ٣ձȥһˣһ춼ͣ
ôôزû뵽ͻȻ˵Ҫȥ뵽ܲȥˣݵһܶ࣬ΪУڼʲݡ
ز뵽һżֻһֱţǲ֪˶ٻأֱڲ¶ġ
˰ɾʰңɾһ·Сġز˵֪زѾܴ£̾һززġ
һزȥˣصɾ
Ȼ鼱֮³ڣ֪ز⣬ո˵ز΢΢һ֮ЦˣǷǳԾ˳ȥ߽ڣزһ۾Ϳ۾һ缴ûҲûνĲϲ
еĴʯڷ£һ£ڿԷˡ
ҲڣززҪչ˺ԼҲҪչ˺㢶ززͷɾҲҪտԼ
һϢӦµͷһϢҪززڴţ׺˵㢶սȥӣ㢶ҲҪȥ
ĲܲٻΪӪôЩҾ춼һȥ
ҿ²ܻ㣬ʱ붡һǰ

101ķ

֪, һȥûôܻ֪ܲΪζ, ȴʮ𼱵ݣݶǳ˴, , Żἱ׼ǰ
ãɾֻܰİ, һչ˺õġزο, ֻܷ¡
Ҫ, ²⡣һֱûл£Ҫ뿪ݾҪزԼ, Ҳͽȥϸϸز˵زеס
ɾ, ĸ֡زܽͷ, ǡ
زĸ£
һĸ¸زģϾǿǸ㢲ˡ
ֻһ, Ϊ֮ûʲô¡ǶѾ, Կ϶ظز²Ϊ֮
زһҪ֪زѡĸʱǹ۲ãҪǰ׼˶˵, ز
ǴæǲӼĸ㲻нյ£زز޹أززԼȥݺԺ죬Ụ㢶Ժ¾Ҫززģһ£ززҪΪ䡣Щ԰زףЩ´͡
ز֮ͷãһصġ
ΪǱģʱزﶼ룬һλôģֻڼزˣһ£˵鶼زûв֡
Ҫ뿪ݣô»ýز£Ҳ㲻ضܣѾϴŵùˣ㲻õġ
˲ˣȻָ֪ʹҪĻĻǷѾˣ
鵽һЩǲ
ˣҪô֣ҪǶֱһС߲ɷֻᱻҧһڡ
زͷزû£Ļ˼Ȼֻ֮ܽ󣬱ǲ¶棬¶˸öԸ
ѵӦøΪϵ˸öԸֻǲڰ˲ŲöԸ
룬ز˵Ȼ֮ǰԼıûһӡ
ɾԲ𡣡С۵ԼǷһԲزһ֪֪ĵˣȻдȣҪһǸ
زز𣿡֪زΪζǸһֱûкز磬Ϊ֪Ϊ˵ƯĻֻǻˣֻõ£ǲ˷ĵ¡
زûָ𣬿һʱָز˼ˡ
˳زıƺڰҲǲˡ
˽԰زϣΪϲıֶϲ࣬͸زˡ
زĲƽϢʱ֤ԼĿɿزİġ
ز̧ͷӭĿ⣬Щززܲɡزز֪ҳȥһ²ģûа취㲻ҿΪªһ棬ֺһ᲻ϲ㡣
һֱ֪زΪζżһزŻ
زû뵽ȻȫĵϣǿƲס
ززΪĻҪϲأ̾һز۾ôʱ˵Ļ
ȴѾͷǹزĴҲززΪĻҪϲززء
زΪЦû뵽ȴһףΪĻҪϲжϲأ
ִ֣֮Яϡһԣ׷ƺ֪زʱʲôȻٽıס
Щŵ¾һһ䣬ĵĳŵԼһ֤ġ
һҹӵز˯㢲֪ǲ֪Ҫ뿪ˣѵõһҹûزæϣ˯ɡ
ɾһ·СġزԺĶһ䣬ӦһʾԼˡ
زûȥһߣزǼӣչԼ㢡
ۿˣ㢵¾ҪҪأ
ز˼ȥ죬С죬ǸһΪǰء
ǡزݲûжѣǶˣز󶡷ֻһΣȾ˷纮ڶûкȫ
Ⱦ˷纮ҵز㢵ǰزʱѹڣν¾ƻԼҹɡ
£زҲڵɿݸˣزݺݵͰˮ˸оԼ϶ˣǿҪزԼˡ
һ£ֻܲϴģ̫ˣ̫ˣ
ز뵽Լ˵һһֱֶ壬Ѿָǰ״̬ɰزֻˣ̫ˣ
¾ֻǸԼһͼ֣ȴû뵽ŸտȴǶˡ
زʱڻ滹һ٣Ͻӭȥ˻֮ϲ㵹һ㶯ûС
Ī֣˵㲡һֱûãǲſ㣬ɾڣֻһ¾ƣҲٰ죬Ҫǰ۵Ļң˰ɡ˵úʵڡ
񣬡ҾͲˣС°ɡ
زĻزлתֽİޣ˸̾صӳÿÿ˾֮硣
زҡͷɾԶ
ô̭ӵˣزǵһ
Ц֪˾˭Ҫû뵽ӶȲã
ģȻǰں󡣡زȻģ˵΢΢һ٣֮ЦˣǰɾӣһŮ˵ǷαҪأ
ز֪Լһ仰˵ǺγϽĲ⣬Ŷ˵߰ɣϯ
ƺҲعˣزڣͬʱزҺ㣬˾뿪ʱᵣ𣿡
ᰡزôܻ᲻ء
ָĵĲûΣգǵ᲻ִһŮɡ˵Ļ£زȾסˡ
ͣ˽ŲûеزشѾڵҵĵģÿһζܵġ
زԸܵ˵ѹҴʱĶкᣬز˵Ƕԡ˽ȥ
һֱ㢣һڣѾزݡ
ԭҴϲӣҲʱŵģǳ㣬ЩҲ֪ø˭˵˽ݺˮҲƲס£ѹûһ˻ͬ
ϲҵɾϣҵɾֻһд𣿡׽סز׷ţݼ֣ںܶ˿Ϊزᶮġ
ûдһ𣬱໥ġز˵ҳǻģǸ˸ģ˴̼Ҫ϶زðշִ磬ҪǲСİѶ˺ͲܲٽˣܲٱػѰ˵İɡ
ﲻٲܸ°ɣǶܣҪ˿϶ز˵ΥĵĻ

102ɾ

ôȥ, ˴һʼͷǴû˰뷨, ҲӲΪҪǺġ
Ϊ޾ѹ, ŲܲһһŮ, ʼɵüҪ, ƫƫ¶, Ϊ, һ޶ӵС
ϲһˣϲɾϣɾֻһ, Զֻһ
زǵһ϶, ûдˡ
ҲƲסرסز޵òԼ, زһӦǵͷ㢣û뵽㢵ĵͦûбŵ, Ա㵹Լøˣزһ
һֱ, Ҫö˿ޣزЩ
ٳҲóסؼʱһҪס
һ޾ǰӣڻָ, ùãزлл㡣
ûʲôزȷʵΪԼûʲô˵¡
˵ô꣬˶ңһܵðĻϲѾˣҲֻһϾжˣҶԭޣ˭ңҲϲˣ᲻ãǰˡǣҪԶԶֻվǵĽǶ飬ûʹҵҪʲô
زףŮӣһ񶡷һͺܶŮȣ˸ѣΪĵİԼɾģΪԼɾôŮˣǸûģΪܲŮ
ĵʹ࣬زпԿó
ٰһЩҲһΪȴύԼģǸжá
һ̾زⱲӶˣһ֪꣬ܲ١
ԼõŮ˼ҹ룬һУӦϧ
һºز涡һиݣִݵʱ򣬲ܲӶˣҲزڶμܲ١
ܲٳȻһ㣬̬ȴǳˣٱԬԶ˦֡
ֵһǣز㢣ȻǰȴûϹزÿÿ˻ƺ˸񣬽Զ㢱ʾʼɡ
ܲͬܲӭ򶡷ˣԷŶʱĻϲеġ
һʱزĻﱧ㢣زĿӲܲٺͶջأһûסܽΣ
û뵽һټĵһ仰ȴزͬŵĸ飬֪Ƿʲô£Żزͻ˻ᷢޣɣˡ
Ϊһˣῴˣ
زȴ⣬֮Īô
ǲɾУֻҪͿˣز֪Լȡֵһʣίȫñ΢ʵƲס׷ʡ
֮Բͬ
ʳزԼʵ֣ĻشزеŭһƽϢˣǰԲͬˡ
Ӷ˹ģòãôãô㲻ã˵ҪԲͬ͸زһ㣬Կοزεһ̾ġ
ǡֹأ۹⣬ˣжں
ɾں𣿡ز˳ھʣںİɡ
Լ£ΪĿܶȫµ˶һвһЦôأ
زɾҲҪһΪ˵۹ҡ
˽ϲ檣ܻ˸˵ģһ˺ǲһΪʸ֮ģزϣԲ⣬ôôЦ
սزֵᡣ
ҪصУزǵĺһ㶼ñ˲Уݰ
׺ˡĺϢززϲӣ𣿡
һѾˣزҹټƺ⣬ȥɶ
زͬж˵زȥʱӦżظϻظϣȥƺ絡
һزϲҪȥƺӣز˵ţزĪؿȥʵΪΣ
磬Ͼ˴Ǩ֮Уий͡˵زʲôĹͣջջȥˣʵ㢶вʣ
ûУȻǵһγԶţ·϶˶չмӣг̲Զһհˣ㢶û¡زһʼҲģ念ٵΪֹûκεĲʡ
ͦ˵ģЦˡز˵㢵Ȥ£棬ֱǰ룬˾롣
Ǳ߲ܲٵвˣУܲٻǳ֣΢ףͷزִ㢶ظһҪܸȥ
زûϸʶʲôԭȻ˵Ҫȥزӹ㢣ɾȥҽȥѰɾܽѰɾİɡ
ôԶ֣õĵطŲܲһҾͷزӦһǵܲ١
ֶˣһѾӭزص㢶ݣɾûţֲعֻҪտ㢶޸һȥܸǶֵġ
ŵùˣزĵؽ㢽ǡ
ֱ㢵˷ģǻտСɾġ
ûһĳɣزЦŵͷǻȥɡǵúɶ˵һ
벻ܰɸˣȻûѰɵټ˶֪Ķȥˡ
ǣزԸһֻӦ£ǶǰˣǷһظ
֪زҪܸȥģһززϰȥ˼زܻϲصһȺһ֪ж˵ĻȻظضѾ׵ˡ
Щ̫ԣزûס̧ͷ򶡷ˣ˵һݳ£׺СܱɱҲ˳µݣǸˣðԸĳ棬Ѿȫ
һ˴ز֪νӻ˾ʧЩԭú˵ģҵĲǡ
زһ˾լ룬زǲ롣
ԭС֮زȫվߡ
붡˽ã֮ǰû˵ϻزǰ޹ǵڶˡ
ú˵ЩģֻһʱƲס󲻻ˡһܴҲ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵زҲ֤ͬ²ٷزһûжԡ
زֵ߰ɡ
ĶˣزûоֻܾҪ˲˵Щ£һСôģزܽܡ
ܲȻ˵Żȴע⵽زһߵ£һۿĿҲزͶ˵ϣܲٴȤصҷˣ

103

ôһʵĲܲع, жտصġ
ǱԲܲٺͶ˵, ܲٵͷҲԣŵù, ҲŵùԼҷˡ
ֻǴȤ˵, Ļ, ˵°ɡ
زһ, ȵܸʱ, ŵԺ㿴һȺŮһȺСӭŶˣʧؼ, ˡ
˿ûа⣬ֵ̧, ɢ˰ɡ
˵лǶʼɣǲԸ⿴Щ, ΪֻΪϣֱѰϲܲ٣òܲٳ, Ӳ˴СЬҲΪ, ܲٴʶ֮Ĺϵ
زȻͶͬУȴûЩ˴к˼˵Ŷ˵ˣǶ˲ڸǰ, Ǻزͬ·ˣֻǵͷԲж໰ʱ
زݣǰڣԺģһҲҲ۵ĸǰԺԺӡ
زһˣϥµĴδ
ȥˣǳӣСտԶɰ̵Ҳܶ֡˵ǷģܲٸⳤΣվڶӳܲٵĳҪеΣΪǺӵĸײڡ
زûʣ˵ط𣿡
һزЩˣǻֻǻߣô
˵Ҳô˾ǲУ˲УԼȥ
زǲ룬εصһ󣬳Ųôˡ
ĸ׵˵ùŶӣ仹ôСһӡ
ǣʱ򣬺ǻѾЩˣڷ㡣زΪĸף뵽Լ飬ᵽزεľǰҲȹźӡ
㶼ˣý£زһһɵĸǰ˲ɱϸˣܲ˶ˣ»˦ֲܡ
æ֪õ£һ㼱αءЦųز˵ĴЩ²ܰˣĹͣòãҲðæʰ£ġ
زŶ˻Ļ΢΢Цˣ˵Ůˣһܹøá
˱ˣһ⣬ڣضǨŭǸиѴҪôԼһ㰡ǿԿǶЩȤزͬ˵ģΪС檵زѵãϣĶ˿Ըһ¥ܹøá
̧ͷ㿴ֻΪܰŵˣ
ز޽ɵػܲٵСزˣ¼ܻܽ˻м
ңһϡ˵ֱӣز΢΢һ٣һС˵˵Ļ⣬ǲӦøԼһأ
˵ݱϵԭ򡣡
زæصˣҪԼһ𣿡
ԭĶһЦزӻֵ˰ˣ˵˲ٸ˵Щ£ʱӦ˵𡣡
ʱתƻ⣬ȴһŲһŮ߽ˣ弧
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ز򶡷ˣ˵Ǹһˣǻҵһ׼Ÿҷ¡
زֻţ˲ֻ˵˵ˣΪزѻȥֻʲôӦ
˷Ż˽زվû˵ʲôһĸ߽س˼񣬡ˡ
زˡ
ز׶˴˶˵ֱ˵
ǲĨǵģֱӣϸֱӣϸ磬Ե檶ţ˻ظ檽ˡ
ȴأһֱڰ죬òɾһֱпޣ㲻ÿż齻ңҲʱ£㻹¡
ϵü˳ĿӦ£˵ûʲô±°ɡҺڴˣ翪ȥ
ǡȻ˳ٺز΢һף˳ȥˣزҲֻǵͷʾ⣬ô˵ⶼǲܲٵŮˣ²ãҲ뽻زҪΪԼҵɾ롣
˸̾صɣ
زû뵽˾Ȼĸ̾Цõĵ
Ҳ˵ĶĻز֮ˡ
Ȼز˵˰Ļȴſˣһ죬һ죬ΪʲôҪԼôأ
زȲ裬˵Щû£ʱͬĶǲܲµļҾ죬æŰ٣ûлزһ˵£ڵݣбϲٳ֣͵øС
콫˻ǲǸôزȥˣŮˣ˾Ʒˡ
֮زһüŪ۵ģȻ˾Ķ㡣
زû뵽΢΢һ٣Ǻܿع񣬡ܽҲˡ
£һŮˣɾūʷ˿ɷ׼ˣҪʼˣҪͷһȥ
ǲزϣ˸̾صززϻۡ
زҼɾѧ˽ġ
ǿοҡֵؿزһۣزνֵ̯ټٲһʣ
˰ˣ͵˵öԡջǷЩȻ֪滹Ǽ٣Ƕкγϣġ
ЩʱŮ˾ӣ֪ǿܶǼٵģȴڶ壬һеġ
߰ɡˣҲóȥˡ
زһȥܲٺǰԶʱزһ
ˡܲӭŶǰһˣоЦ⣬زܲٸǼˡ
ҷˣǿĻˡܲٺͶϴкȤһҾͷˡ
ȴлˣ΢΢һЦл˾󷽽˽ңҿοҡ
˵ŸлʵģЦܲٵˣ߰ɣǰѸð¶ˣΪݵ£ﶼ˲ϣû㼸ռ١
ز䶯˶˵Žû⣬˼пܻᷢһЩ⣬ȻⲻԸģ
һιӦһǣܲǣŶ˵ǰȥزԾߵߣһزĵ򣬵˵ʱ
ƺ֪زĵģֻǰֻ֣ܷģڡ
زǰݵʱΪܲٸյµ̣˵ǰ⣬ȨƺͲܲǹҹģǰԵ˶ֻʿݣز̸оʲô仯
Ȼֻһӣزʲô仯һεȦӣͺܶǰƼҼĳ档
ôˣһزȦӵı仯ʾݵı仯زֻǱܿȥĲ׷ʡ

104Ժû

ɾѾʼһһĿˡزĻش, ͬʱ벻ףôز뷨, ֮ȴˣͬǾĵ, ֻһ, زȻ˵ֻƬѾ˱仯
ÿһززҳԾ
زû׹˼, ʶ˼Ұ˭
Ӵ˲һ, Ȩλһ, زǸƺһһȥģСӣЩ仯ǿûע⵽, زע⵽ˡ
ƺǿС, ӵḶ̌˲һɵ, زΪŮ˵ǿƺһһλӣôȻԸܵµĻʲôı仯
ǰҼززʲôˡ밡, زɾΪز, һ۲ˣƼҵ˷֣ΪȨĵ˲ѡ
԰ɾҪǧʲô, ҿǶۻġޣزԿһǣ˳֪ɲһˣҪסԺǧָ¡
ЩΣûҪزز¡
˴òһĿ죬زĶزûסص˵Ժ󡣡
ǰȻûУԺСʮֵĿ϶زֻɾ
һҲԣزѰˣӦҪסѣһεͷãҼˡ
һϵòز˵ʲô񶼻Ӧˣز̾
ɩʲôƺɩЩδӺ̽ͷֵһ䣬֪ز׶ʲôо˵գزء
زͷ˹һۣȷʵЩȷе˵ƲŶԡ
Ҳ̫ˣ
εɩҪţһ̷ˣʶŮ˵ģŵҲȱ㣬˵ǰɣ
ò˵αҪŮ˵ö࣬ҪǹĺһŮ˸ˣһ岻˷ˣµûʧܵʱ򡣡
زȻϿɣٽصû˵ɩĻɩ˲ӦŮɵһóģԶˣˡ
еˣزɨһۡ
ٽҪɩʲôֱ˵ݲ˵ȴ£ɩ˵ķԸȻϡ
ֵ̧ۿƺѯʹΣǸҰϵĴƱ
ΰ㲻ӭʵôʲô˵˵ɩһϲ˵
˵ûزգգ۾㡣
˵뿴ϷĹһ⻰̧ͷǰܲ͹ʹɫͬѵģܲǽйš
ȥȥͻءܲ٣ٶ¶ܲٵҪ˹ϵǴ˺ô£ֻһѰˣڿòˣǸˡ
ߵ䣬زַϥǰززʲô
زҡҡͷûʲôɾ̫̹ףԵ̫Сɾƽϡ
ǵİزǾԼ̫СˣСأ˲Ż
ԺززѧѧңһͲСˡǸҪء
زҡͷʵسϵصҪѧͬɾһ̫ˣ
˵֪֮زԺزһ֪Լľӣһƽˣһʵ
ЦǰززΪҪΪҶأ
ЩزﻹʲôΪԼѧͬһ㣬ԼˣõԼԺô
زĿ⿴вز÷꣬пݡ
Կ֪ϵ˲ʮȫʮģ׵ʱ֪ԺһҪЯͬеˣǻһˣȴԸݵˡ
زˣԸڸززǸʲôˣȻѡزôһزһȥ䣿
֪ˡزֻܸزˣ£ززԼ
زͷں˵ôܲµģͺողܲû˵һлεĻڹζûκεķǰôȷֲܲҪѰˣ
žνĬɣĬ˶Уƺ֮ȷʵš
زݵţѾߵܲٵ󣬲ܲٵΧŲˣزʶûм
ԽԽ󣬽Ķǻʵ֣ףҪӭʵ
ȵȣزŹڲܲٵ£ܲٵ˳Ϊԭʲôţ
ˣЮӶԣӦ˵Юʲôţ
ܿز֪ˣƺ絴ʵΪһžۣΪ˺Э
Эڳȴܾ裬ûаʵ۵ӣβҺ֮ŭļ
òܲӭӣһļϣھôķӭӡ
زŻƺĻϲѾȥʼ˵£زƺȴززȥ㢶ûʲô¡
ãزֱӽز򷢣زô죬Ҫֻһƺڣزܿ£һڣزûǸӡ
ݵĵһգƺ⻹鷿һҹزڶնûֻһţƺ絶һţܸȥˡ
ΪҴ±ˣزûʲô˵ġǹܹɣٿ㢰ɡ
еҴͬûķݣѰزԺӣֱԵ˲˵һۣ뿴ǲŴġ
һеģز֪ͺã˵
ֵһ٣زϸϸ˵˵ǹڻʵ۵¡
ʱΪڣɶϢͨزֻôһǰ㲻ȷϢزŪľơ
زʶʲôطԣһ̴尡־ϢϢأز뵽ڻʵ۵ĵΣֻһ뷨ӭһ£˭룿
ڱµ¡㣬һЩССϢšɵ˵Ϣֵţز
زҡͷ˵˵˵һûõĻ
ɸܵزһ԰洫Ϣȫز
˵껹ܽصӭһ²ȡһʵûʵȨһܰˣʲôã
ΪģµĻʵۻڳµĳӶŻʵûԸزɨɡ
ɵʲôԣ
ܿͻ֪ʲôԵġʵֻҪǻʵۣôͻܴ󣬶ϵȻͻջûеĺôز˵ţɸˣʲôô
ʵ֣һûʵȨĻʵۣ˵ʲôôزʣšüʾԼ벻ס

105˭˲

ز˵, ɻһ벻ףزټ˵ȥˡ
, ֻܿţʲôϢ㶼Ҫҡز, Щ»ƺ, زȻԭ, Ҫز˵ô, ز治, ֻܴĽǶȳɲ̫á
ɻΪزԭģ˵һȴ˵, ԹĿز
뷨ʺϽ㣬Ҫ֪ʰȥزܲɵС, ˸ߣȥѰΪ, éٿˡ
ѡ㿿ףɱˣʱޱ㢹, ߹ȥ㢱ڻѾ, תģ˱ڻ⻹ϤϢǲ
㢶, 㢶Ǿ˾ˣҪԹԳ󣬵㳤˾˾˴ȥੲݵ˵Żز㻹ǰ˵
˰ȻǼȷʵУزĵÿԣɵͽҲô
û˵Ҫ̰󡣡زʵزһֱûҪˡ
ɡ
Ĵòôõǰɣ
Եġյѯʣزͷɰ㢻زȥѰ׺ͽ򡣡
˵Ѿˣѹز˵ĻᣬزûȥѰƺǵҲá
ɾæµԭΪ˵ݺôԺɾһڿǸ˵̫ˡظ̾زɾҪ࣬ȻҪæµġ
ܼܲֻҪƽ̫ÿûʲô
زΪԼеģǲգҵӲϵ͵μӣزºԼеϹһ飬ߵ˽¸˵Ĺٽ׳һݸԱ֮󣬶
˵һ쵽ܿ⣬زüûҵѹϵ̫ãרŵ鷿˶ϡ
ززû˯鷿˽룬ȴززҪ˭еϳȥ
鷿ÿزĿǾȣزɾ̫æóȥɾֻõ鷿
΢΢һЦżǸص̫æո׺ȥЩ»׽׼
زһ̵ȥͷ󣿡
ƺǻʵ۵Сţ뵱ʵй֮Եƺһ㲻˵ӣʲôĽ鶼һ
ǲܲӭӣôЩ¾͵Ѱˣƺ⡣
ӦһͬزĲ²⣬زʵΣ𣿡
ززȻ΢΢һ٣ֻǻһΣû˭ұ֤ز֮⣬εصʴˣµʲôǾ԰ȫģΪɾһԼ¡
زףû׷ʣ˵һϵʵ࣬βǿԷô¡
ˣܲϲ˵˵㲻˵ֻЩӣɾ뷨
óһѵز˵¡
ӹ˼ԥصᣬǰʱΣ»Ρ˲ܸӣززһǰȥᣬᣬͦʣ㢶ףǳ˵أδӦҪڼУﶼȥ
شûأزǰһȻҪȥӦ꣬زеĴʯ£زģЦЦصɺزز֮⣿
ϡزͷɾˡ
û뵽һȴز˵һ࣬΢΢һ٣ǲ̫ز⣬زصΪߣԲΪݣľԽԽҵġ
ΪزȥμᣬֻμӲϵᣬʵѾҪߵ··󡭡
ز֪࣬ࡣ
ززá
к࣬˲ȥӦԣɾԼȥˣӻڼУﶼȥֻҪǵСңⶼæࡣ
ȥϢɡƺѸ¶ˣزȥϢ
ɾ˯鷿æ˯ʱ䶼ûеģν˯鷿һڣʵΣǱ˴֪
ָزǣЩҪҹֻ²˯ززȥɡ
ǲƭزΪ˯ԲŻһֱأֻҪ鷿
زɾæҲҪ˼Լ塣
ġտԼģֻµЩͬҪʮģֻܱ֤ɡ
ذɡӦزǴߴزȥЪţزһֻ̾Լһ˻طززûߵӣȼճɻҽЩ£ھ͵ÿʼ׼˿ʵ
ز֪ƺ׼ȥΪǰæ˵еΣգزҪȥƺⶣһһҪС
һ꣬ƺ˺֪ܶ࣬ǲǾıֻ̫̫ܵĳЩزʣһʱ֪
ززˣҵСﱧƣϸˡƺһز߽˵ֻкز㢱
㢺ڲһˣΪȻãǸزϹ·˵ģͦ
ƺ˱ڻǽһ֣Цص㢶ÿ㰢һӡ
ز΢㶣𣿡
ʲô˵㢶㡣ƺû뵽زȻһˣ
㰢ڣӣӹòһҲܸˡɾҰòɡƺôһӣزȻûסЦ
ƺ԰͸ϲϲģº㶼ûϵ
ôûϵҪȥȥաزƺģסƺġ
ƺգ˭˲գҴȥղΪ˽˶գزز㶮õġ
Ůһ޼ʶˣƺʵЩزһá
£زز㲻Ǻϲ仰Ҳֻȥ¶ѡƺ˵زϲһ仰
ز̾صûµʱ򡣡
ƺⱻһǿ
ֻϣԲҪǰ档ǹͷزγ½ϣƺԻһܹ˺
ƺⲻҵ뷨㲮ϵЩϲһϣ꣬˭뵽ϵ»нյĳɾͣڴĻҵܱܲ»ܲܰҪϵµġ
Ȼӭӣڲ£ֻȫڵ˼ѵǲϱֵǶһģ

106õĸ

ƺزǰһĸ, زΡ
ڵƺ, ƺڳлˮηһ
Ϊ, , ǰֻǺ, Ҫǻס, ܱñ¾Ǳס󺺵ĽɽƺбŷǰδеĹâ, ʾȥжҪ
زȻˣȥ£ֻҪǵ, ҺɶڵһҪ
ǰزΪζ, ƺƺžزס, ֻȥԼ¡
չǣҺܷĵġƺûлӦز, ֻǻϲڣеĴʯˡ
ɾɾ, ǰһŶۣǲӦҺúõչԼȥ, ɶͬȥɶ㣬㻹ô죿
ŻвˣƺϽص𣬴ȥΣأʵ͵ЩıȥɶëͷСӶʲôĪȥ
ֵǺţزǿЦãƺôɶӡ
ΪҶӲ˵ˣôˣûã
ƺ˵úеİȷʵûвɣ˶˵ɻ׶ӡ
زôƺŲƺȥĿûС
㢱ƺⱧŶ˯ȥˣƺѵصĲͲƲҶɶˣտɶȢϱǰ̵£бԼûֻǵǮ̣ӻţûʲô˻Ϊ
زƺĻѵصɶȢϱ£뾡Ұ죡
ûĻҽò㶼ˣÿҲãȷɶ»ôڣƺԼĺʷһûΪԼòԵҪʡģǿزǺȷزϣͬٷ
ǻ˰ɣɾܻŮɵﻹиزԼϵҡͷܵģ˭ϣƺ׵
ƺܵزɸˣǾǣġ˵ǿϵǸ뷨ˣνĲƣǽΪٵǶ벻صģƤ£ҪС
ָ˵أҺ̡ܿ
֮ˣˣкβףزԼбҪһƺ⣬ҪǰԼѾɿ̣ΪɺãƺɱԼˡ
ӣҲ˵ʲô㵹ȻˡƺزĻüͷزļŻӣôĿ˳أ
زҾǻˣһ֪һ̵ģô
̣㰢ҲĶˣƺ˵ѾԹؿززһ飬Уƺĵ
û㣿زһ䣬ƺٰƺǻŵġ
زһֱ㢵㢶˯ˣȱ㢶ȥ㻺һ
ƺͷź˯СпصǵӺð
ʲôõģԺ˯Ҫ˰пʱزһ㶼õʲôã
֮Ͳᱻƺⷴʣز
˵úҲеҲпΪ
ƺĵ˵ĺôӦǣӾ㱻֪Щģϵȴһ
˵ˣزĪƺָֻӵذɻذɣ㢶ȥæµҪտĪۻˡ
زӦ£ƺ⻰֮⵽ָʲôǽƺִϣȥɣûʲô£ûʲô˵ġ
ðɣزСġ
˶ƺСģƺҲû˵ġ
ƺģܻڲãѵΪôǼٵġ
кܶҪز⼸ƺ⵽׷ʲô£ô˵Ҫƺˣ
ֻǴȷȨҪ£֪ģƺؾ˵زƺ⣬ƺĪˣ»ңġ
ΪزŮŮҪˡ
˰زЩϰߣƺߴٵصȥɣһȥɶЩҪɶ
ȫû׼زز޻˵ֻܱ㢻Ժӡ
ϰµģܾƺڽһ㣬ƺǴȥжգ
̸֮ƺ⣬ƺҶǲش⣬زò׼
˼ȥزȥƺص鷿ٿززżɽɾȥǲǺգ
ƺϵнģ˿زǵġ
ûƭͬĻش棬ǲûƭزȻˣв²⣬ʱزҪĸƭʵ
ǰûƭز˼ͬС
زǰһص𣿡
ܡǸ׺ѡԭȥġŴ˻زҪͨһ·Ҫ۵ģһ޻ڣ׺ҲԼ޻ڵ¡
Ժиƺ˵Ļ˵ȥȥǶѾˣԶˣôᣬһܳ޷£Ϊġ
ɾزȰһȥǣҪȰǸı⡣
ȴֻܻһɾҲǰסززز´ң븴̫ƽһһϦɳɣΪ˽̫ƽΪ£Ϊ˴󺺣ܻģһջҡ
ز̧ͷزز˵·µֻһ˶ǰУҶһǰиͬУҸˡ
ǰЩ·ֻһ˿ߣڲֻһˣᶨȥһǰ
زᣬزز𣿡
ҪڣǲӦûΪƺ֮Ůزʣ̿Ƕõĸף֮
ǰõĸףõɾôڡʹʵûزʵظز
ֻհˣ׺ǳ˶ˣٵķˣǻӦһжתġԼĸףƺ⡣
ǼȻҪǰȥΪһµĻʵ۴ߵˣǾϵиָΣգǶ£ǻӦԺõġ
زûȥǾѾĴ㣬Ȼ̫ѣѵǶѾ׼ĺ
Ѿز˵ʵһУǶôԷһ
ǵģһ飬ڲܼҺֿ԰볤ؾˣ˼һ롣


107·ӭ

زûа취ͱ, 絺ƺ¾˵ǰ, ƺǶδ֮ǰһѾָͻ¼, ӦԵİ취ˡ
, ٶİ취̸ֽ, ױ, 䳤˶ʲô˼, ֻ³Լ˵
ʲôʱ̣زҪһȷеʱ䣬ʱᾡܵá
պ󡣡նڸز, زӦһеˮԾˡ
оֱ, ̵úܣرסزֻĺ, һ£زز̫ġ
֪ˡزſǻ𣬡ɾæ, Ȼطˡ
˵ű׼طס, 㡣
û취ȥ붼ʲôİ취ﵽƺ絵ĿˣʱҼˡ
ز絶뵽ԼΪ絺ƺⶨǰһºγļ٣ǿԼһҪõİ취, ֤ƽȥҲƽĻ
áزǿԼȥ£µͷôܻ᲻ȥ룿
һزԼƽٲей
һΣΪ˺˴ˣزԡ
ô˯ŵزѾǵˣΨһӡһ
һᾡƽġ
ĻزһֱţȻһ߾ȫֵţزֻ˭
ȻˣʱزǿƲססƺ䣬ͺСʱƺÿγţڼҵزƺ⣬ڼҵҪƽƽĻ
ƺزЦݵززɶڼҵȰܿͻġ
ƺĻشһ統꣬زŵˮҲƲסˡ
ˣڶѾˣǵСĪޡƺùزᣬϻǹЦݣزſһЩģȴδԸ
ز˵Ҫ
Ҽʱƭ㣿ƺ۾ƺû뵽ŮȻǴˡ
زЦðɣǾ㡣
ǣƺÿشӦٺõ鶼ᷴڣزѾϰߣʱز˵Ļ
֪ƺգĵص氢ͬȥ
һëͷСܰʲôæúøѧ£ʲôʱѧһı£ǳŲܿǴ㡣ƺһ׶ӵӣ˭ܵû
ίͰ͵ĵͷȣ뵽һ룬ⶼöѾҶԡ
ˣʱˣǶЩȥɣվͰ͵ǣչ˺Լչ˺һҴССģǻǶȻǱʲô¶Ǹˡ
л仰Щ׾춼߰ɡ
ܲѾܲҪȥزǰû˵ʱܲеľȫ޷Ρ
ӭܲ٣ܲٵҴ·ˡ
ǰѺȫزС
غ󷽣ֻҪ󷽲ӣǰиʲô¶Ӧ䣬㲻ô˵ġ
ٰܲѸýĶѾ꣬ʱ˵ˣȥɣ̰ɡ
ˣΪ׵ȥܲѾزѰŹοȥŷֹξȻûиܲһ˼ڲܲŵˣزһʶ
ƺѾһγز֣ɶѾˣҪչ㰢㣬Ƽ
Ȼɵ֣Ŀȴֻزϣزջǧ˼ƺӻ֣ƺһγЦˣȻʱһ˳ǴЩ÷ӣׯϵ÷ӡ
뿪ûгԹǼҵ÷ˣƺٽȴΪԭûдǰ£زɶߣƺⲻ˼ˡ
زһܻģ÷ӣ⡣
ƺ룬ظƺ֪زжزɶæصͷǶϣƺЩ
ʧˣܲٺԶڳĺЭЭ飬ƺȴԶ˳
ӭһ£ΪܲںԲŻ£ͬΪܲĻ죬ѧ׿ˡ
ܻͬͬ뾡취ɱܲٵˡ
ƺΪԭСţΪܲЭܲٵģȴڼƺټܲ٣ֽӶļ˲ܲ٣նܲͬ⡣
ǷӭҪ׼鲻٣һıƺⶼдۿ½ɣһƺӹгұ˽ɱȥƺ⣬һѡ
ӭӣΪӵֹֻͣӿ죬ܲٴأܿӭǰأΪЭڲܲٵܲٿʼɱһ¡
ܲҪ̬ȲЩ˸ƤɱˣɱĻˣΪЩ˱𣬵زɻ˵ȥˣôܸ
ز໥ûжԣ򺺵۴ӦǰίΣִ̨˽Գһ
֪ʧȥױʹ֣ƵТ꣬Ȼ´ңТһݳޣܲЭگִƺ󷽣Тڳء
Щˣŵʱܿޣʧȥ޶ܿޡ
زᣬ絺ƺ֮Ϊ£ǲڣ£ǻŵ˻Ҫȥʱܻᵭȥˡ
ִ̨Դ˲֣ܲ˳һܲٺԬܵĶԾҲüޡ
ֻڴ˼ʣ˭벻˻ܲٺģͻȻȴֲͻȻ
ܰˣΪȲܲٶ
ӣеϣڲܰϣǲܰˣƺö˷е̣Ҳ˲ܲ١
ܲŭ˻ң󣬶һضңܲܲôȰô󣬶˶Ըٻزܼҡ
´𺳣˭ٰ֪ܲˣ˭Ҳû뵽ܲپȻһηӣȻҸܲ˦ӿҲܲ
ز˵ʱҲ뿴ˣȴ֪ѾӶȥˡ
Լլӣܲٸϻң˿ҵЦЦڼɩΪѣ˱ɴļױ٣ҪһլӰûʲôܡ
زѰŵַţһ£˴ѹĶˣʱزȴжȥеѹƽˡ
ʱֻҡزʱЦЦظ̾زҡҡͷˣ
ˣϲԶΪĻҪϲϲңȴǲϲһϲûͬԹøãȻΪλҪųΪڶŮеһˣЩĸƺֻʣϲΪϲöʼɵҺγԸ⿴ΪˣȴҪңƭҵ
˵Щʱıʹеģϲܲ٣ԶκΪĶҪϲжţ
ҷŹҲŹԼطԺĹޣǵһ뿪ŮˣҲΪһǿ̹ĵĸ顣

108¾

Ϊ, ˵뷨ֻǶԼĿοزֻҪ㿪һжá
˿زô, ܽĵֻһֻ, 㻹
ΪΣزΪǲ뿴, Ǿбԭ, ز뵽ܲ, ԰, ܲٲݲز붡˽ãûôС
㲻⣬һ徻һЩ, Ƕ㻹Եˣϣǳ, ңǶЦ˵Լ뷨, 㲻˵ĿҲж˶˵ԶһЩֻཻǶöԷ, ²ңҶ֪ˡ
һ˴ŶġزȰ˸ı, ҡͷĵģû˲ܰࡣ
ز˵Ĺ, 񶡷˵ģཻ˵۹⣬ΪͶ벻򲻼ѻѣںʵʱҪǵĵطῪڣ˵ġ
˻ıǰԸǰһֻΪܲٶţΪܲٶʶˣҲһԸڼֻԷ¹ȥԼ
زûǿȶˣһ˺벻ãôǶԷͬҪʲô룬ԸΪ롣
㱣ءز֣˵˲ϣٳˣϣ˿Աء
İɣһչ˺Լĵġ˰زģֻܵķİɣӽչ˺Լ
زԶ˵լȥصѾõܸӣǱġ
˰زûлعˣ˭ܸıʲô뿪ܲ٣ܻȡ֮
ܰһӣӲاͳ˲ܲϵĳӣ£Ȼʲá
˵ЩϵıһȴϻۣڲܲٵϼзЩֻԽԽء
ĸףĸסزӷûлعһȺСܲΪһ߰ģһ꣬һ꣬һ꣬Сһ·Ҳȣѧųء
Щ꣬ز½´ٶڷ
絺ƺʱزѾٶһ࣬Ҳ࣬ҲΪٶŴ絺絵ıʹгȥѾꡣ
زСڷôˣ
ʵǳ㢣㢵ĸûǵĸס
˵ϣزĿҲǵǣزķص£ĸȥһλѣипŻһʱʧûµġ
ϳɵصĸ¿Ը˵Ƕĸ׵ĺӣһĸװȫõġ
ȻСȴǶ£زͷЦصĸ׻㰢Σ
㢵ССʱ򻹰ˣӶ֪壬뾡취زĿڣزŰģǺӲǲǿģزֻøĿڡ
ϳɵززһʱ¶㢵ĿƣЩΪЩԸʵĸ׻Ұ𣿡
زͷϸһɡ
㢲صһ𣿡
һѾˡز˵ʵһĻϲٳɶ࣬ǿɲСĿ
Ǻðɣĸ׻Ұ󡣡ôһСԸ˻ģȴΪزԼĲϲˣزůůġ
ԣҵĺöӡزĵĻϲγǲ֪˵𣬵㶮£ἺΪˣزʲôñ˵ġ
󣬰󡣡زûأ϶ٶǽлˣ㢵أٶȫ˵ǻħʲôƤɡ
زһٶĶʵ㺰ʲô
֣֣ǰ󡣡ٶƤüʹ棬زʱֻ۰Ͱ͵ϴˡ
ɾʱ⴫лȴˣٶǸϽĵĸףǧø֪Ҷ˵ʲô׻ᷣҵġ
ֵܼǺµĪ˵˶ûţȴѾزǧҪ㢰¸
ֳûûСģ
زһصʱû£֪㸸׻㵹֪ˣǲЩˣ
ĸףĸҪңֳ֪һĲҡҲ֣ĸ׿ԻΪȴܡزٶȻں˵һͨ
زһɨȥĳ˺֪ذϣжأȻʱ˵˵ɡ
޾ĸпٶԼһ죬ǹܲסɣǲˡ
زһĺף㰡㣬Լȥ㸸ɡ
ʲô飿߽زĻزԥذѶӸˣΪ˺ҸˣӦһٶŴ֡
ٶزǧ¸ֻҪز˵֤˰ѻĶãز˵
սϵ֮Ŀ⵭ɨٶٶ̵صҴˣˣҲˣĹһذɡ
û㢵ףֻһСˡ
ȴϲСӻӴӶֿ֪ʼ㲻ϣֻزһ˻ȴΪֵԢ㢲ϲ
˽òȡˣµһͯӣһЩҲ
òãǸճʱȻô㢱ʾܾ
زٶʱʱѾΪһСزǶͬͰ͵ٶʱҲ˵һóȻѰøٶ
ʱزö»Ǻܺģֻ㢣ʱǰٶҪ԰ֻġ
ʱ۴ޣĺﻹΪܵܳˣֿóȥˣٲǰȴزͱģɲÿޣ
ǿ޹֪͵ʱŶµ˵ʲôҲҪİ֣ÿʲô˳޵£㢶زɲԲҪ
һ꣬ÿʰһִˣزܼ˼Ŀ
ֻʱزŻĶ㢣㢵ĶһֱزůģĶ˶԰ɡ
ֵܵΣ㢵ĲϲȻתٶٶЩǰٷˣʱҪôٶ̵˼ʱ
زȥ
ٶһ̶ҳɣ˵һߣվǽǰҶ㢵ס
ٶ²׵ҪζٶΪֳ£ѵܹô¡
һ£Ҳ˵˲ôԴٶ׵ķһ㶼ɡ
ǣѾʼˣڸΪٶɣٶȻ˺ܵƤȴҲôЩıֺõز棬ػٶǲСʱ                        
лҪ˵ӵЩȡмصĶӾ͵ӣǰӣһŮڿҪҪزز㡫

109°ӿ

ȴҡͷ, ֻٶ̫Ұס, Ҫĥ
̶ӵز֪࣬ƺһ׽ӵķ, ͦ˳ֵ, 㢶µ, ٶȻƤ, ¶Զ, ԰زֻҪֽʱС
ǽǲأ
ز򷢼СȻȥ, ˼죬Ǿˡ
ز֪ӦһΪ, ٶ˼һٶ, ڵʱˣٶվˣȻ㢱صĸ
ѵܹزûȥֵ˵, زûסһôһ𰤷, չٶѵܹ
ǵĺززǣҲĪС㢶ˣزֲ, ֵʵ㢶
ǵĳӣ縸ᵣңҪм縺
Ȼ㢼Ժ׼زԺǲֻһ׮¡
ӡô꣬زͶ˵ܣܶ˶֪¶ܲٺ룬²ܲͣ˶⣬ڸǴӶȥ̬úܣԼһ˹
ǰ˵زͻȥ磬Ǳϵһǲȥɷ׵
ȥزһ𰸣زܸɱ󡣡
޷ΪȻػشز㲻ٶԣȻ˵޷Ѿ˼
˿ɻãôزһֱϱ˴˶Ǻѵֻжһز컹˵լȥ벻ãҲοزһ
زһõŵ£¼ȻѾʧȥ㲻ٶ룬ʧȥǲ˾յʧ
ǵģµĲܲѾ˾ˣνһ֮֮ϡ
ֻҪһսܴӮԬܣӴƽµ˾ǲܲ١
еñʧ˵飬ʧȥ˾ոϧԶ˵޺ܲЩ꣬˵˽ܲһ㶼Ϊܲٵĺܶ뷨ֻԼδףȴѾһۿ
زָСʵɾ׼𣿡
ת̫죬Ǻܿػع񣬡ʮ룬Ѿȥˣ׼ˡ
زȻòʵԭɾʮüˣȫ
ΣزҳɻѾʮˡ
ĳ˾ȻȫǴ¡زûаֵҲϲɾ롣˴Ӧһ£ȥЩȻû׼ȥӣɾʧң
Ҫ˵Ӧزûֻôһû뵽ȥôˣزȻһֱûǣšüͷ
ززʱͬաΪһʧŵˣ˵ززܹ⣬ǸʲôãֻŬ뷽跨زͷ
زҡҡͷТȥ̷״˶ȥ˾տɴûзǴȥһôͲԣ
Уȥ̷²ôܱ䣬زһֱô꣬򲻻ı⣬ͱĵ˼
ززµĲǰز⣬һǻ˱ֻǳŲס
һ˳ᢣʤǧ֮ȻҲ޲ߵʱ˶ò˼İɡ
زĿֻǶؿƺѯʣֻҪڴӦôڲᣬ⣿
εһ̾زһ֣ϸصɾɾʹӦҰɡ
Ӧ֣ѾӦֻһ̸ֱ֮ΪһϾἰΪϣزǡ
ǵĺðֻҪ˾Ͳ̷ȥ֮á
ܷ񻺻ҪǻزǴôϸˣزЩꡣ
زûгɣӦáԬܵľսڼɾһæֻսĸڼݲ°ɣ
ЩΪֻгʺţ֮ڲ̸£֮ΪԼĸףͬӪû취絡
ϵˣԣɥһдӼһΪѾܺˡ
ԬܺͲܲҪսˣܲٷչ׼Щ꣬һһӡȻԬƺƴ󣬿ǲܲٴӮԬܡ
ʷķչز֪࣬ǾͿܲЩΪز˵ܲƲԬܣԬܣսȴӮԬܡ
ܲ߶ʲôˣֶôԴյģֻҪ˶Աȣʤ֡
ɾǰ뿪ڻشû뵽ȴͨҹãݵˣšüͷ
뽫鷿ȥȻ֣ǼӦȥ͹ȥ
ȥţز㲻˵Ҷ֪ô£ĶȥҲʣֻչ˼ӣ
زĻܷģ治֪ٶΣѣزʲô£ֻҪͷһۣزһֱڵġ
һȥ쵽ŻǻˣǰþòزԺۿˣĪʵɾ˯
ƺһӾѣزص˯
˵ȴ¶ж£ֱӺ¶ߣزԣʵôˣ
˾աһ仰زĿ˯һܵˣɱ˾յ㣿
ҹѰ㻹ΣȻ˵ڣҲţӦһǣزЦصǷ𣿡
ǿ˾붭׿졣
ʲô죬˵ǲ£Щ˾λܿһΪգ˽ĵˡ
ЮԸ⽫ȨӣǿѾʮ⡣ܽ˺˵ݣǣȨתƣºܱȲ˾ա
ѡΪ󶼽ͬеˣΪһж˳£һͳλȹ̣ܲٵΪֹвں
һ·ͲܲܲκεĲ֮ٵΪֹǵһģƽ£ʢ
زɾȻףұˡ
һ֣ס֣ԸͬУǲŹҵġ
Ͳ֪ʲô˼һĹȥǾκβȴ뾡취Ϊļˣ׵Ļز
ɾ֪Ҳϲţ¡زֲһϲŵˣǰôϲȥһ
᲻£ز˼˶Ѱͷˣô᲻ҲѰȥ
ҲӦǲѰġûдӦ£ǸѰȥ
ǻáüǰӾݹΪܲٵľʦıߣһֱΪܲء
ֻǲʹ˷ģҪ׼
Ҫ˾˵𣿡ز˵׼ȷ                        
лҪ˵һͬ¿Ҫˣ׼ģһ飬ȤСɰ㡣
ڹŴʿԽһȴܼˣ
ǲˣݶİƮ
Ŀ
ȴ֪Ҫǲֻһ취ʿ
Ůܵʿ
ҲҪ
սȭͷϰɣһҪһõʿ
Ȼ󣺰ƮʦҲԵİɣ
±Ҫд죬ʦͽɻУ

110³

ҡͷ˵, ˵ֻһ
ǲ˵ǻ᲻£˵, Բ˵زǵ³ˣܲٻ᲻ʲô£
ᡣĿ, ܲٵı˲š
˵, в֪, ˵á̾һ, زɾȰǷ𣿡
ֻǸһ´گ, ǩ֣ȰĻǲġ˵, Ŀ⿴ǰ뱯ʹš
ЩɾжٵĹϵ, ɾѾڰˣͱ, һ˵õתͷɱˣµ˾ôɵ, ӣزǱЩˣһ˽, ˲ܲٵˣжٸΪܲ٣ƫƫװһҳϵӡ
زıˣױ, ˽ġ
ɾĻһ統꣬ô󺺺ãô󺺵İպáزЩˣΪΪ£زؼּȴϲЩһˡ
Ҳ˽ĵġûô˽Ҫ̫ƽֻҪ̫ƽ£һҲžۣҲܴӽһ𡣸׵²ٷ
زһۣ˽кβף
ֻززûΪôãҵ˽ֻǲص̫㶼زĳزҶ˸ǿͦõġ
̾һĪز˵һ仰ƭԼƭţĳɹɾסңסˣסԼ㵽ͻΪΪһˣʲôã
İοǵһ˵òȥˡ
£̫˶Ժǵȫϣܾʱе˶ɵΥϣж಻Ϊ̡
ǰΪʲôأΪǶϣԲǲǳı⣬Ҫ
˯ɡƺõ˰οеĲȷ׶زĻɢ˵ز۾γԼҲѾ۾˯һ˯
زĿϣ֪ʱеüѹıذϣ˯ðȡ
ô꣬ɻٵʱزߣ˵ʱ˵˵ʱֻذоӦ
ֻЩԶΪĻҪ鷳ز㲻٣һɣһǰѾףȡĲһСĴŮΪĽɵĻº׵ĳˣǸгϢˣȻȲҲ˾ոĻš
زܶز֣ز׵ܵܣ䵱ƺ֮Ϊ󺺣Ϊ˻ʵۣںܶ˿ҲǺͲܲٵ˱ǲһġ
˵ɣڵûͬ⣬ǲɳ£ֻվһߡ
̴ǽһû뵽ͦã˲ϣɡ
Ѱ˵ɶ˵رʾܾ
ʲôЦֲͣ˲Ż͡
ɲǲҶǿ˵ˣǿŲɣôܻŹɡ
ɵķѰſ޵øƵʱزһʶһ㣬Ⱥ׽˰ɡ
̣زһȥ٣Ѱ裬λһóϰǲܲٵĸڵ׼ͲܲٵݲǱܱȵģɺͲܲûʲôݡɺ㣬õİ취ǰִ󣬱ܵǲܲôӮȺνĺҪ֤ɵİȫвᱻ㡣
زȥܲµ¡ʧ٣زѾñһҲһ䡣
յϢšüͷԹŭǲضԣʱǷʱ
һѰȥЭĹˣ˵ĸ׶и£ҲǴѰϵǵֻƺ⣬Ѱ϶С
ԹԾӣ˵Ůǻʺȴĵûϳ谮µĸ֡
ǰæگģ
ǣԵǲ飬ô˵⣬ҲһOݹȥݵеи˵ؽӣһȴֹסЦݡ
⣿Ȼû뵽ῴԼҪľ档
ΪݶѾʲô˼ˣαʡ
ȴϾʹ˷ǰһصǱ֮⡣
֮Ҳ޴
£оȵؿ´ң׿ʩ֮ʿŭ׿졣Է׿֮ߣԬΪǸۣȴ˳ɱ׿һݱ࣬ǿԮǳ˶飬ȴҲƴһΪ£Ϊ󺺵Ķ֪Ǻˣ
ʵĶЩΣ֪˭ȴ˵ڡ
Ĩɱ˾һ𣿏ѡ˾գ˾պ͏һΪ
ǽˣںܲѾһںҵˣȡ֮ҪԬһƵۡнӹֻΪ֪ʱĲܲٲյĲܲ٣δ䣬ǲܲͱһˡ
ӻһ˾ճƵۣΥ֮һԡڴ֮ǰȻǏǏ֮ͬˡ
סеĻ̬ȣУ֪ݣôȻĻһᱣ֤һֻ֪¡ںңڱ£ΪǣǲôΪΪ֮
ɣǰԭʱ˵ùȴæڵᣬôǵ
ãǏ޵ܣаֲأ돪𡣡ѻ˵øһЩزϳ֮׽ˣСųĵܵܣزмҪһˣûа취ס絺ƺ⣬ȴҪסɲɡ
û뵽źݻϽĵĪᣬĪᡣ
ᣬҪ֤ݣѾñ˰λ´گֳȥٽ
ǲ֪ʲôӦʲô²Ӧͽ鷳زȥٵúܺãȿܲһɵףڶЩ˵ҪǲִԼ£ɾõѡ
ԾڴˣǡѸ˵Ļ˵ˣûҪȥıҪ
еɫãǸɵˣʱȴҶĳ£ôǱضܲ٣ܲµ˼Σǵ̼ƻˡ
һߣѾ߳һ
һæصʱ˽֦ԸǣͬẦǣ˼޵ܣǾǱƵߵǵĶ棬Ǻ¡

111

ǵ, ΪҶɱܲٵˣܲܶûԵ, ȻеȻһ, ܲؿߵ˰Ѵõľһֻ
Ǳ, ֻ͵, 汣֤˲໰, һؿƿкγ, Ѱ̬ȣǺĸ, ֻҪִǻԼ׼һ, ôôİͻȥԻ˰ԡ
µҲûİ취, вɵǰ£ͱҪĻ
û, ɱ˻ȥɸʱ, زǰɵû˺ۣزǣزĵѯʵû°ɣ
û, ֻǱǴ߹һҴӦһ°ˡ˵÷Ƶôز
ˣ֮˵ֻ⣬Ǳ°ȥ־ǮƣɼеȥѰҡ
ϷҪȫף뱻˷еõİ취ֻװһжģֻΪ˽ٳ֣ڵ֪ɵݣ²ʱ±¶˲ǮƵĽͻ
ЩԽǼԽã̫ӵ˵ȥֻ˵Ļɣˡ
ɵͷʵǵǲǴӦʲôˣ
ȴص£Ϣ
һԵزҲڵͷ϶˵ȷʵ¡
Ȼ»ѰܻǶЩ߽زѾڹĵضЩӶʲôʲôЩˣҪǶЩ˾Ͳн·ˡ
˳Ļ˵°ɵֻΪƶ£
ȻѾףͬһϲزĶЩﶼǶĵġ
û뵽زûߣѾǰزȥģʱǰʰ鶼ǰ죬ǰȥӦԣҲɸһȥ
ҲڡǹЩԲܲĹˣȻڲܲٵĵλͬˣܲٶصˣֻžأ򲻸ҵ
ˡ
ΪһΪòܲپضϲ֮
ˣΪѰˣŵɣĿһ˾ЩⲢ˵ɣ
ɳһҾҲཻЩ¸֪޶ģʲô顣
ʲôֻʡ̹ȻŸ˵ĻѾ˵꣬ӦԻԼ
ν٣ܶɲǱٵʱǱͻʱɶǻԵģµʱһǿȥ顣
һҾȥ顣
ˡɺһҾл͡
뿪ˣɺڲ֮ǰ˵£ֻѾŶЩˣȻ̫ƽܻһЩ۵ˡ
Ӧһǣ
öѾ꣬زһظȥ
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ΪһˣĽ˰Ҫ©ٳİӷġ᲻֪ǸʲôӣȻףȻӦԡ
£˾նѾ˸Źâܿ϶ȻѾΪܲˡ
սڼز̾ԬܵľսɲʱˣʱڲĶǻô
սڼӦģô᲻ֻ֪Ǵ׼Խãʱδ֪˾ճʱ£á
ܲǳأʱҪӦЩˣ˵ǲڹؼʱ򳶺ȡ
ǻãǶȴδأ޶Բ˾˺֮⣬˾ջ𣿡زĵġ
˵ͲܲѾཻʮ꣬Щǵ໥֣Ϊ˶ԷıͬһĿ꣬ңµ԰ǻ᲻Щòһˣ
֪Ϊֹ˾ջ˾ա
Ŀ϶ǶԲܲٵΣҲΪԼΣزٲ˵ʲôˡ
ΰЩʱܲٳʱţǰ⣬ֻǳزҪززˡ
زЦ̾࣬Тֲˡ
ÿŵĹοɲǰ׳Եģ׼ָʳĸز
ֻôТҲ˵ѷ˽ӹǷ޾Σزֻһ䣬ûб˼
ǲ岻֣Тķ˲һŮɣТ˵֪γ׵磬Сˣ׿ɱҪ磬Ϊεӣټλ˲ʡ͵ĵƣǹģλǰ͹δһġ
زܽԺã̷֮أƢõŮɸТܡ
ֻûģزǿе̷ҪĻһȥǾǷزĴɣĲ̵ġ
ЦЦصȿΥɻ
ز˼ز˼صɾ˵Щˣ飬顣
üͷѵ˵ĲزôڶĲˣ
زյеζһֺõЦɾȥɣТǰˡ
⵹ǲ٣زز
ԻžûвҳԵʱزлࡣ
һ㳤ɾϲزȤţȴһصֹһزز޴һϲ
ǰ޴ϲʱദһţ֪زѵÿɹ
ɾͻȻ˵һЩĻزţȴһЦززϲ𣿡
ϲ֮ز᲻ϲֻͻȻ˵Ļ˴ֲܶʱ򶼿Ʋס
һزգϲ
һݻϲΪزĻϲΪϣԼܴزϲ
ˣɩֲܣҪٲ춼Ҫˡ˺֮ʱ洫δĽлزöæƿɾȥɣλһ
ȷʵزǰ˵ҪװһװĻֻ»˵Ϊ֮¡
áγ֪һλ֪ô£ƫƫװɵлǴŻ˺µģʵ˿ɶ
߳ȥزȥĸӣȥôȥˣزԽԽãȻ޳ܵסýʱţ˵һҲ˰ɡ
زȼ֪İǷݸϡ
ʱûŵĹΣѾˣôûء
ƽ˾մұ˸״оҲͰˣĪĸ㻹Ҫѵһ٣˲УС˵ŲУίʵίء

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üͷ̧һµĵ, ˾մӲ㡣
⻰ܾʲôط̫Ծ̧ͷǾ˾ն̫ƫ̻
Ϊһײ֮ܲ, вܵˣ˲˵, ˭Ҫǵõ, ӳȥ
һϲϲ, κ, ûаΪߵӡô, ܲҪΪ£Գıƽ£ǰɱ޵иҷˡ
ֻҪ汾, ЩڸΣϵʮȫʮ, ǻ
ײܲٵڣ䲻ͬܲٵ, ᷴԣ˵λĺѡ
˵һϲģʱǲŹ, Ͱ͵׷һ𰸡
һ, ֪֪Ȥƫƫ²ͽ˲ϲΪ֮
θ̾ҡͷԩɷҲҲ, ɩأŮͶͱ㶼ΪҼҷ࿴һ۶Ը⣬ӲСˣֻдˣſϴŶ̤һ̡
ڸв֪Ҳóʱ䰲οοңֻźɩҡ
Ҫ²£ֻǿͰ͵صҸϣٿ㸮ϡҾǻصжģ㣬ʲôʱظһӦ԰ŵ׵ģζȣ㲻֪жĽ㣿
Իǵ磬һһڳԵģκó˽֪ҵķóգ˲֪
ϧزһ˶нǶûСһж֮⣬λȨصˣȷʵҲҪ£ˣ˶Ҫˡ
Тǣһڸв֪ġζˣܲѾػӦΡ
εǲû˵Ҫ˼֣ǴкҲǶ֪ʾ
ڸв֪ǴΪΣ
մմĸָڸв֪ǲմմİ¡
ǡǽһͬģûûǲڸв֪ҪֻΪմմĸ˭ţ
ûûƤˣΣû취˴ȥҲϲȥǰɡ
һ䣬һҾԾ£εټںĹԱЩ󡣡
ȻδΪ˳һٷ£һС¡
̧ͷΣκγڿ˾պ⣿
սڼðڣ˾ڳǰƽβͬʱٵһΪںĹԱ֮ף˾ŵùȴŲˡ
źͲţôԴķ᲻һδҰѻ˵ҲΪŵù
Ѿ˶ʲôµֻһ˵˶ȴ˵ŵľʲô
ʣֻǿε㲻˵֪ҹںλȨء
к֮ģ˭ܷ㣿Ҳη˾ոηȫȻε֮
֮Ըܲ٣γЩʧ
ȫ¼£ΪǾĿԲ´گɻʵ۷һɱܲٵĲ߻ǻʵΪɱһܲپܽ󺺵
κһвܲڣ²֪ʲôӡܲǺͬΪΪֹȻȨգԻʵ۲
ֻǾţһʵ۲£һֱ£ݽȨ𽻵ʵ۵һܶʮŵһ̫֮ƽؽһ˭Ըµİµİģ
֮˾նãҲãЩ˻Щ£Բعܣǻᰲźõġ
һЩԭǲһģǺͲܲͬţ˶ǺǴ󺺵ĳ־ֻô󺺺ܸǬհӣ£񣬻ĲģڲͬλãԲͬˣܻҪһЩľ
Т飬˵ģݣĳǵãô˵
˵˾Ҳ˵⾳飬ܲҪΪǸʲôˣ£Ӧԣ
˾ġδʱ⣬ǲܲİɡ
˾ǵЩ˾յ˼Ҳҵ˼ʵҺ֮һ˲࣬Ƕһˣ˾ձػмӣǣ˾գָ˾붭׿޶ʵΪ׿ˣ˾ղԸҲá
˵Щʱ̰ȨŪȨݷΪ֮µˣб£Щֻһ벻ݣƺƺƴʵ򲻿һ
˾ղĪԩҳ
Ȼ˾ڳǰ£һˣγԸɱ䡣ܲٶģԸʱ֣Ҫɱһˣ԰ģ򳤴˵ˣ
ĪҪ顣ʱԴǻĻ⣬û˱״ʱǺ飬̸ȥͿˡ
˵ǣ飬顣ʲô㵽ֹʱֹס⡣
Ѿ÷ˡʱزﶼ÷ˣԵĶϽԡ
áЩûܳɩ˵ˣ滳δΪʳôù»˳Էء
ȴͱĵصǰţνЩӣ
νһղ㶼˵ǰˣǼˣ
һֱΪԼѾҪˣǺ͹һȻ磬ݷݷ
İõĳԵһƤĹңɲżһߣ£
Ȼ֪㲻𡣡˻£΢΢һ٣ӦһҪ
塣һ壬һֵˣҡҡͷˡ
⣬Щ²˭ܰǣһЩˣԴҶá
˳ִⲻ˵ٴߴ٣ֻһСġ
ֻǹ뿪Ϻȴ˾ոȥˣܲ극˵ˣþʦ
ѵɫؽܲкТ÷ˣ
ùˡδ˾աγܲһҾΪء
ܲЦΪɲأ֪һ֪㣬ǶΪҵұۣôԶۣ˵Щһ뷨ĳһģ󺺽ɽ°հ֡
ù˵Ѿ֪˵ʲôһѹΣضԣ֪֪
˾δΪϣܲٿԺһ

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ТΪȥŶ, ࣬ʺϲ, ֻܲһεѾ, غܿǶᶯ
Һ֮, ֻΪų켺, ȡ֮, Һα顣˶, ֵΣҵĴۣһһ, Զؼסܲ⣬һ˶, һľӣ޺, Ϊѵʱϣ, Ҳһһߵ졣
ߵ˲ţж, 򣴨壬Ϊһõľ棬Ҫһ¥
Ŀ, ܲΪһľӣ֮ݴ֮ҪḺ
һʧԸٺͲܲͬУͬʱһ㣬װ׵ĸ߲ܲ١
ĿʼͻȻͬͻȻزżնһԶӣһһ׽żɱ֤ݶûõѾȲİȫɱ
زʱĸӣкܶ໰˵뵽ĵʹ࣬ջʲôûʳ
ڲܲٳڼֲҲָˣܲٲܰȫɱ⣬ɱΪ棬ʱ򰲷ؼ
ܲԬڹٶɾսһսòףۿֲ£ܲ⣬ȴȥȰܲ٣һʼ˫ʵ⣬ֻܲضܹԬ㳲ܴ򵹲ܲ٣ô֤ԬԲܲʮıκβòܲ٣ʱˣֻҪס׼ʱܴȫʤ
ܲĻȻ׼ʱһȫʤʤ׷ԴһͳҵӭһԲ
ѹܲ٣ԷֻһֱڼݣΪԬܳıߣԭΪݹڲܲ٣˱ػͬ
ˣȴ޶뿪̷ܺˣչ˺޶˲صġ
Ҫȥһ²ȷȻǲ뷨Ѿ뿪׷ˣʱ򶼲֪׷
˵νصɣδ˭֪ЩһֱΪչ·Ѿ˼Ȼȥķ羰ȥɣֻҪǸ˾ͺá
һ統ĻֻЩ࣬絵Ĵ󣬴ʱ˿̵ԻѼĶӣﻹ뷨δɡ
ҲǿҪȥѾΪ˸ˣ֪ôŲǶԺǶá
ĸ˵ǡ۳Ͷ٣ĸ׻븮һԵܵĸ׸סɡ
ͬΪֵܣȴиۡܿǼҵĳӣ̷ĸ׵Ȩ
ֳ֪ҵպãĸǰɣҰĸһЩʱɩĸ׹סʱնáزԼس˵ˣһһҲ
εͷ˵ǣõĳϼѣĸײŵֻ»ˮõ÷տ
زЦӦţ˱ӻжϱţĶǸ˵ģ˵ҵĶϱġ
˽ݣ㢼СѾӭس˼񣬡ݼĸ
زĸӣһ˶ûأһļмɰ˸˻ˣֵĸơ
곤һ̵һ˵ǰ˿Цˣһóְⶮµġ
ֱ׵Ŀޣ㢵ˣĸ˿ޣ㢶ֻԼ£븸ȲԶˡ
⺢ӣ˭Ȳãô㸸ױ˵ﾡӵж벻˼Ȼȣɵˡ
زûסЦ͵صĸ˵ǣҲһֱ㢶˵ǧɾΪǵö۰
ǣŶۣѬһʱ㣬Ŷܶһ£Сʱ˭Һӿ˵ءò˵һ̭ͬˣȻǼġ
˺Щûزˣоƺˣ˵ǽܹһõˣԱЩҾɢˡ
Ǹ׺㣬ĸ׻Ҫ㡣㲻𣿡ٶƤģױĻˣȲ׷ʣ֪ǲԼҵĸЩá
ãкβá㲻ϲ𣿡ٶһ֪ģ곤һЩȴֱ׽סĵطʡ
ٶϲ׵ţΪʲôĸ׿ΪѬ㣬ȴΪѬ㣬һҲģ
˵˵ĵǿزˣز̹ȻصΪҪѬ㣿
ĸסٶشЦ˵ĸǲѬģĸװ㸸Ѭ㣬Ҫ˰Ѭ㣬Ǳ㾡ȢϱһԸѬһ㶼鷳ˡ
Եǲ飬ٶϸϸһ뵹ˣٶһŮزһԸʮһյΪѬ㼫Ϊѵãԡ
ҾͳûԸΪѬһӵ㡣ٶСȭͷ˵úЦһأ̫ˡ
ޱȶûõģٶѹûʶԼΪʲôΪЦԴΪ׼Ѱһϱÿûʶ֮˰
˵˸ϣӺһѰһɽÿʰ»˸״
زӵʱ˴ʣǸ״ʱǴ֪ˣ
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ǲҪһŮÿտƤһĶӣܶ˶ҪһŮ
˺γĶֻһʣزЩ˼Ǿȣ֮ʶʲô׷ʵϲˣ
Ѿ£̥ȡزû뵽Լˣִһڶָúã˵ν˵ʵҲҪһŮһһŮɡ
º£Щӿţû˲ŶӶร٣˵ͣǺŪʱ򣬲¶ܣТ˳ֻ̫ܰƽ
زæ˳˵᲻̫ۣá
ĸ׷ģҲǵһ̥չ˺ԼزЦŰˣһҲǣЩ겻ôѣزһֱԼչ˵úܺãҲչ˵׵ģزһɵӣ֪ôǶԼãԴҶá
úúãֻչԼﲻ㵣ģÃǶַ춼ḁ̃˵ŻǵеΣǸŮɾͺˡ
ֻӣŮܼҲǶӣҵŮ١

114º

زֻЦ, Ůܸıģز˵, кŮɶͦõġ
ز˵ʱûȻҲҪһŮ, ززһŮ
ΪΣҪԭزǲö, û˼, زֱʡ
Ůزز, һЩŮҵ, 㢶ǽδززǴزķ⡣
زůģǷɾĺ, ɾٽü޳ȥ, ŮȻһЩʱգҪ޳ȥ, Ҫ޵˺òãǸģ
һٶ, ֪вʲôδĿԣ˼ᶨزȷʵ, Ӱɡ
ҲȥŮס˼ң˴Ȼһк˵һôһ˴أǵҪܶ, ǶӰɣͷƤӵ£±۸Ϊֻع
ز̬ת䣬ûҪһŮȴʼʵŮأ
Ҳ֪ŮΪתƣʶӻصŮҪ̵ӻչԼٺãҪǶðԼǧΪ˱˲Լ
׵뵽δǧĲᣬ취ԼȻѧı¾ѧᣬŮҲûʲô¡
زЦˣãɾ˵ģǺúõؽ̵ȶǸãԺߵ·ȶѣҲ¡
͵صͷɰʵĻŮ𣿡
˭֪ŮÿɾزƤ˵ֲֿԿ͸Ƥˣ˵̥ŸճأδؾܿõлŮ
£ŮҡȻز˵ŮҪ޳ȥΪ˼ҵģĽԼỤסĺӣ鲻ܱ⣬Ǿ¸ȥԣ֪Ѷ˵ˣֻ᲻ϵӭѶϣɡ
زŵ˾Ȼ˵ŷģزʲôµġ
ԸزһŮΨһŮزֶǶӡ
ΨһŮΪ֮ȡΪ
˭û뵽ĲĶǣǡǡΨһŮʶһʱ򣬼ⶼѾСĽл
βŮεΨһŮˣŮ˵մߣزͲ˰ӣһһĺӣزϣľܰտһ
ʲôĸӵ£˲ˣزͰͲ念иϥڣ˵ľԽĺãزǰһ
ĳܲߵһͳǺεȵĺ£ԬѾˣݵȵصŴҽԹڲܲ٣һ¸ܲе˲ŷٷ
ȴڲܲٻزһϢ˵һŮ
˻زһ뵽ܲٳԬܶüˣ˵һŮȵȣʱ
߸¡زȫɵˣ˼˵˵ǻ뿪ܲٵģŮ֪ŮزΪ˰һ
ǶӲ̫ƽЩ꣬ҪǶӣ㲻ֳ֪زɾô֪ģ
ҽͻ˾ոȥºӲˡµȻԭģԭһ˵زѾɵˣôˣ˭ѺӴ˾ոˣ
ǣǺӴ˾ոܳȥġ֮زȫɵˣǺӻСء
ͯ٣Т˵ŮǴϻۣ÷ТһϻߣΡһ棬ջûĹû뵽ܿܲٱһ˵ϻֺǺǵؿϷܲܲ˦ɫֻû
ôһӵΪһͨ˵ɼζǺӵӡ󼫺á
ز˾հѺӴȥǺ⣿
֪£ֻزһ۲ûлشزһӶе˼˾ͶƾԲ
Ǵ⣬˵ܲʧȥ˸ᶮö˵ĿɹһɣǵĺӣȻֻһŮɣ϶Źᡣ
زһΣˮգҪǶ޾ɺãһ͵͵ѺѹЩ겻ôȥѰҽ
Ҳ࣬ǣ̫ࡣ̾һƬģز֪޹֮⣬ôһѣΪҪҲΪԼľͷҪɡ
һ˵ѡԼ£νΪõŶȥزҲϣԼõأôڣʱȥŶ˵
˾û취ö˻ظԴúв˾߯Сˡزǵһôܲ٣ûһ⡣
ߣҲӵأﵽĿҪ֮⣬Ȼ
زĻһɨΪز˾ոûȥ𣿡
ˣТ˵ǲôҶ϶Ҳѹ˵Ļȫ˵زصǾһӣز
ΪһӣӵģδӣȻǷТ˵Ļм١
ŹεģزʵǷТа˰ɣ
ֻǷТδҵˣԲŻ˵ƶεӣλȻֲ¶󣬵һ֪εΪεΪˡ
زһյϢ֪Ӳ˰ɡ˾վͲһô죿
Ϊĸˣ񶡷κ˰뱲ӣǺˣ˺ӵܲúвйݵġ
ֻʱѰӰˣϣѺ°ߣ˾ոϵˣǲҪˣ޿ܡ
ȫһ׮һ׮ƿصģǲĺӵİȫֻǺӵ׶Ķȥˣôôܶأ
زȫģȫӣû׼϶İȫҲ֪һ㣬ܣ׽׽ŵİɡ
е˵ǵǸɾжá
˻֮ز׺⣬ȴվڶ˵ɾΪǺ£Զ˵ֻһӶѣŮȥԶܸĹĶǣһλŮɡ
˵ܸλӾҪ˰ɣԳгͣ幫Ӵϻ֮½֪˾մȱӣȱӵֻж˶ѡزһ㲻öɾǺ£Ůͦõġ
ȻˣТ˵Ůϻ۾ǽܸǬǺ¡
زʼ磬һûҰĵˣֻһ̫ƽӣµ˲ÿһһֻ밲գû׼һŮɸǬ
ززʲôǬûһز˼ʣزûС                        
лҪ˵γˣòҪͬһϵֻǲ붡̫ࡣ

115ͽܺͶ

زһ㶼һŮԽԼֵܼ̳Լ׵һȫǴ治뷨
˵, ˵ʱֹסɡ
ûж, ز˵𶡷˵£ΪЩزһֱûܼ, ǹúò, ȥ˵, Ȼһ, в˵ġ
زһܲΪ̬, ܲٺͶ˵°ɡ
ûܲٺͶ˵£ز˶˾ո
û취һ˾ոʧ, Ȼһ϶ûţزȥ֪ԼصĶ˸, ʱסˣǺӲż, һԼҵļɵӣ֪ĺֳһ׮׮زΪӱȽϺ, ٲôģϾӶôһ, ̫ĺġ
ˣǸӵǲΣǶȡģ˵ǵܲٺͶ˵, ôĺӣһֱûǵĺӣֻһܱĵĿ
ȿȿȣʲôĺӣֹ̨ȥˡز˵λвεŮͯȻΪֵľȻ˵̨״ȫסˡ
ʶʱƵĺӣҵľµ˶˾հŵģֻΪ⺢ʶȤĻزܼҡԾֵöʲôãֻеһ˿
ôĺӺ𣿡زֱĺû˵뵱һװɵȻɵǿǸٺӡ
ΪȻصܸеĳ幫Ӻγٴϻۣϻ֮˱㶼Ҫ
֮ԱǣΪ£˲һСϻڳ˾ֻ빥ܲٶĲЩˡ
زĬĬˣѾΪͽ
һزʧ̬ذѿеĲˮˣǵһοزʧ̬ȫŵӡ
ɾһλŮɡزĵ˵ǴһʲôĲŻͽģɴյӵģȻЩ֪ж£ȴһֱΪ
η˾գýŮɣŮɣҲһΪңܸı˾յһЩ뷨һ̺ãƣŻĳΪΪ¡
ز˵ʲôֻõͷܼ𣿡
͵͵ļȥѾô̲Σ̫ºͣҪһЩóβ²ܲ٣ͦģ˵µĶη壬޷ġ
ȻһѾ޷ˡ
ܼͺã͵͵ԡزΪӦģû뵽ˬ죬ôһӦ£زɸˡ
һֱȥģֻǰӹȥ˶ңӹȥҲܾò̫׵ҵĻһˣȻҸΪһֱŵ±˷ˣܣҾͲҪѩϼ˪ˡɾ޴ϻ۵ĺӣҶҪ
زһʰףָͷҶףززһ鷳ˡ
ǰǰǽѻΪޣҶǲ鷳ˡزӹʾԼΪԴ˻ᴦΪ룬ͬҲΪİ
ǡͬôһֱԼȢزΪޣţȻƽزġ
⣬̨Ҫúܶ˰ģȴûҲһҪĵˡ
ֻز۷ʲô£زʣľزֻ֧˵һ֡
ΪزŸҷſȥһ¡
һ¡뵽һ£غǼҵ£µʹز
£زǵһοɫĿڣԡ
˾׼ңΪ㢶ס
ͲܲٵݣڽŮ׼׮ϣӦϵزáҪϸ飬һš˾ģ׵ĺá
زƽ˫ƺϵ£زز
ɾذοҶףͲܼһֱ̬ҲǱģ˾յȨԽԽ󣬽»ʲôδ֪ǼңҲҪ·ɾԼѡ񣬵ѡӦǣǵĺӣɾͬⶼΪ˺ӺãҶġزɵܶ˭Ҫ˵ֻΪҪ
²ΪͽҲΪǵĺ̺·ز֪ġ
սز֣˾յӣȻǳӣȻΪ˾ϲĳ幫Ȼϻۣһܲܳδ֪
ɾ¶ԼºܶûдҲкܶġ㲻ǿ󣬾ͺáοҪԼ̫ѹѹ̫󣬵ѹġ
ۣسزǰҲӦôģٵ²ܸģΪɡ
ѹ̫£Щ»֪Լ٣Ǳ㾡Ϊ
ɾˣЪɡز֪Ϊε»Ҽ׵¸ٳԲŻĲزΨһľߣɹһһѹء
ֻһʱЩ벻׶ѣڶָֻԭľ̬֮
ղΪͽʱͲܲٻвζԼ֮Ϣȥ̽θϳʦţܲٶܸı䡣
Բŵʱĵģһʼ˶ֻ˴ȥ飬ָ顣
زôСһ˿飬ɾǲ̫ˣ
˾ոɵ˾հ˽ΪӦԲ鲢δܽеݶ͸Ҫĥԡ̫һģǾܻ󡣡
˰ɣزǲĺá
㢶Ҳôĥ־ģز룬뵽Լͷϣûסһ䣬㢶ϻۣԱڼĥ־Ϊء
ɾһز˵ˡ
ͯ٣ȴͯ񣬶ˣΪһΪˡˣܹ̤ʵǰߵ˸Ϊѵáоزʧ䣬˼ȥӦÿοһزģԡ
ɾԲ˵ˣ˼ҲǵĶŮǲ㶼ῴǵĶŮɲšزΪԼӦ˵ȥˣԽ˵Խ䣬ǸˣǵĶӸһȲԶѾܵҪظɶأ
һʱû׹زôˣزѾЦݣɾôĴͽܣǣܲǵĶӡ
лҪ˵زˣ
Σ
ز

116زز

⻰ز, һĪʲôʱ򲻹ԼĶˣ
ûе, ֻǶڴӵĽ̷һ㺢ӵĽ̷һˣ⣿
ŪزͻȻ뿪Ǻ, ֻ˵Ů˵˼̫Ѳˡ
زΪ, زһֱûڲεǰ, οٶȺԽԽ, Ҳʼָ⡣
һŲ䷹ʱ̾յһͽʱ, ز˵һСıκֻΪӣʱͺˡ
ôķТӦˣز漫ˣʱ׷, ֪λŮͯõʲô취ùζͷӦΪͽܵģһ򲻿ͽ, ͬضã޼, λͷһΪͽܵˣö˾Ȱ
ɩ˲֪Ȼһֺþơһ̾, ƮԶֻŵһڱ, һľҪҪǰһˣȰ֮ˣһɫǰȥ
زˣΪ, ӦԼճߵĻΨʳҲ
ݳ㣬𣿡زǰƵˣȻ˵ľǳԲ֣֮ǲûȥƵζ½Ҳһ䣬ʱҪעʳ飬ز˳ƶʼ䡣
ε֮ƣԻ֮٣
˵θǳ棬ĵӲ֪ôģôƵķӣʱֻ˵ǸŶѧ𣬺Լ꣬ܳɾƣ⣬ȻˣºþҲ֪вõĵ
⻰˵û˼㵷ĶŪľƣѵǲεıº̫˵ã˵á
ε¸һģҴӴǵһҳ̷״ˡ
زѿеˮȷӦε˼ʱز㣬ѺӴ̷ȥ
ǰǲ£ܸ˶Զ˼˼ˡ˵˼ϵЦزĿѾ
˵δ̷ȥʱѾšüյزĿ⣬뵽һʼزᶯ˼ȥ̷ǹģôˣòزѴ߰˰˵ģ
Ӷ̷ȥزһ̾һ̾Ҳа̾ѣǲǲӦðţ
κز֮İӿ֪ҵûôס
ǰ̷֮أʵܽˣҪ˵֮ؾ̷ˣʶʶģ͵ôӽ̷ʼڽ̷йˮˣһʡ͵ĵơô˵ţز΢׽ʵȥֵ𣿡
ЦŴȻеģ̷֣ʲôȥкβɣ
˵βͷزɩȥ̷ĪǺһ̷ûȥ
˵ǡѾšüͷؿڵĪҪ̻ġ
ǰ²ΪͽΪȡģļԣȴϻ۾ˣľֱܹģֻҪ䣬˽гɾ͡
ζԲεοɲͣزĿ⿴Ա֮£Ըܵڲε׼ϲλ̫ˣ涼ţġ
ûزеεػһزززüͷżѯ֮Ķʲô
Ϊʲôôöȥ̷ʶΪͬΪˣͽܲºͣҲδز
ʱ㷢ʲôط̫ԾˣȷʵĪѵһЩΪѣ
Ϊʱôỽزأ϶ʲô²ÿڣǲõ濪ڣֻܻһز֣ʵڸزɣ
Ӵһֻ֪زһˣôû뵽ʵҲزġ
µĺãز½Ϊ˵̫ԽܣţҳزգҲûʲôнİ취
زТô̷Ҫ˵һҵĽ̷˶϶֪
ȻĵطǶҹÿձ֮ءزЩ˽£÷һ˳ڣزź⣬Т˵˵
ſھ˵ƽһܶԴǲ԰زʵģزŮɣŮ찡
ĿƮȥûʲô˵ֻѯ˵ʵǱ֮
Т࣬ʱˣЩȥϢɡ
żظô£Ҫչο϶ҪţǽθϽվԶԶԣʱˣɩҸˡ
Ů˵̷£οɴû£ڽ̷ŮɶȤʱǰλķˣɩ˵ˣεñŵ㣬򲻸Ҷԡ
һˣһߣزס
סҲ׼ţˣزһԲؿ˵˵̾ǰѾزز˵õģһš
ǰһžǼ꣬ˡز˳ŽӻûһŵѾѾ˼ӵˡ
ӣΪ˲زȥ̷ʲôɲһ
ز뵽һܣĳЩһֱϵ˵Ҫӣб˼زæӹ˲ἰȥ̷£
ɾĪΪ˲ȥ̷£ЩҲϵУȥû᣿زôˣܲʳҪҪλش
û뵽زĵΪŲȥ̷ˣεصҺڴˣ
һֱûȥѵһֱͼȰز⣬ȻĴ㣬α˵İ취
زһҲǣȥֻ᲻ȰҪز⣬֮Ⲣûİš
ôɾһȷеʱ䣬Ǵ㵽ʲôʱȥ׷ʣһҪһȷеʱ䡣
뿴ӦµʲôʱһǧټֻΪز⣬һֱģ
زһ㶼ȥһȥɡ
ززҪ§ززһӾصɾĪҪмƣɾûдǰɾÿġûá
һһֱ֪زÿÿĺʮֵԹһͲϲһαͱĲգûֻ֣Ǳززز𣿡
˵ڵĻزȫסˣ𾪵ؿٽĵززܵԼ껪ȥʧٲ꣬زز˲ϲң֮
ɾꣿزıʹŵòᣬ׷ŪװĻģ
ززԼ˵ġزԼ˵ĻǧҪˡ
زԼͷҧˣԼʾԼǧסΪɫԣ
ززԸϲҵջòزĶʡ


117Ŀ

ز˰, ˣù, յôʵĻĵ⡣
òɾò, ɾɾ, һġزŲϵ, ѡ, Ǵѡ, ѡΪΪò, ˡ
ôززˣزز˵
ɾб䡣, ɾòУҼɾ, ֻһ£ƫƫɾһֱŲԸȥɾ, ɾȻһҡزȻһȷʵЩƲסǾӦ, ϸˡ
ʲһҪȥ̷ҪȥΪһӵ, ôԲȥʶһνĽ̷ʲôӣ
زǶӲôӣε̾ãȺڼұȥ
زΪԼ֪ҪôĿܵõӦû뵽Ȼͬˣز˼ʵգ
ǣգұȥһҿ϶ظزز˵رסĲӣɾһԾŶ
һԾŶЩûпز˵ˣһεͷ
ɾɾáزһڣĶǸмεصֻС£ززϲˣ
ǵȻҶδ˶ˣɾȻӦͦõģʵǡһææʱ򶼿Ҫˣÿ˷Тʱʱѡز˵ʱǸƶ룬ǲҪѹξ֮أ
ÿҲֻزǰ˵̷£һҲΪ̫֮ˡ
룬زɾ᲻ỹǲȥ
ȥززϴӦȥⱲӴĳһˣΪ󣬸Ҫ򣬹ضǶµģΪΪԵ£زȣΣزԸ
Уɾϴȥĥ˴ȥٲȻ㢶ǳˣǴȥЩز뵽ɣֱӴ㢵⡣
εصΪĸΪ֮¡
ɾôӣȥʶһֲʲôʧ£˵ǳһЩǻһҪģ֮˴ȥõľ棬Ǵȷνˮ費ڶ£ɾøġ
ŲеȻԼбҪزһ䣬Ǹ̷ȥǵȡ
û̬ȣز
ôӻôӻ
ɾ˵˵ܽӣŷҲȥزüͷ޴⡣
زãӦõûκεָվزǷȥ̷ɣ˭ס
ƺҲˣæسزӦززҶ
̷ǲΪһȫûаֺȥôµ˼زȴһֱݺ棬ô궼ɿڣ֪زΪˣΨһľԸȥһΡ
زҪ⻰ˣԲٺȥֻǶصãգһѺ͵ĸ״ĸһաǰȥҹȥ
ʵա
գǱϳɾҪǻȥɣزôЦ˵һ϶صȥ
ز´ڵԸԲȥ
ô᲻ԸأɾϳǾͰȥ˵׾ȥͰȥڡزΪģã飬ȥǾͰȥˣ̷ջῪŵ𣿡
ز֪Ӧ˵ϱӿĸֹŴ̷ǰչţӪҵģѵģ
زţȻûȥ̷ǽ̷ĸֹȴȻ
Ӿƭ˰ƭüأزһۣɾſ𣿡
һߣ˶ȥֻʣز˵ҲûʲôҪģĳ˵мãڿԷſ˰ɡ
ززǷʲôȴûҪſ˼˳ز˿һ䡣
زûӦԵʵǷɾʲô
мãɫղܣһǳˣز˵Ļһֲļţ֤ز벻ϣܡ
زһˣ˶С۵ģΪֻŮںԼǲɫ˥һ⡣
ɾԼǧҪɾԵɾΪѣɾɾˣҶɾǮءΪ˲Լ̫ϲɾ಻סزĿѾﵽûҪǮӳ
ԻʲôģزһѹûС
۾ʵزز˵ЩΪŻǲţ
˵Ķ滰ɾΪβţز̧ͷ׷˵Ķ滰Ϊβţ
һûزز⣬ɼززѾ統ˡƲ˵زĿɿڴɾһԸˡ
ȻԸ⣬زز᲻Ϊȴ¡
زֱ׵Ļؿڵɾ޹ء
ô޹أززǰҿΪʲôֱɫΪʲôززΪҽһһġ۾͸һΣգľǰزҪѵ
мƶزҡȥ̷룬Ǻ£
ȥ㢶ǳԺûСʱ򣬽ͻ
ȻѾûãϵˣز󰡣ɵʮƣΪϲߣʱ϶ǡ
زźӵܵù£ȴջǷһʱؼһʱЩ˿㣬ΪҪżأ
زΪԼܵˣѵ֪ùһ㲻ʮ壿
ȵزطʱеǰ취Ѱزˣһһ׼
زֻʹ֤꣬²ƹ
վһԸ̷ȥȻܰȥЧδϣܺùȥɣ
Ѻ͵ʱزûõ˵˵Щææģѵ壬ȥ䣬ҿţġ
ȫҪɣ˵ѾһزֻܷĵȥѺӿõģúаֵʧ
زæ˸ĸסҺɾЩġ
˲٣Ҿǿţźǵ˻չ˺ǣѵóţˣһʲô˵Ҷõزס
˸زԺѰ´زһȦʵززװ𣿡
˵ŮӲǲ̷ֻ̫ܽע⣬˼ȥӦزװ
ûУɾСȻҲɾߣǰɾʱѻУҴɾľǡ


118ɾĶˣ

׼زŲκڽ½, Ҫȥ̷һΣζҪȥ
ÿ֪زʱȻָɲز, Ҫزˣϻص»ûز, ĸıİ취
زز׼ˣǰѵز׼׵, ɼûʲô赲ز⡣
ڸﻻɾŻǳȥѰطٻز˼, ֪ôġ
ٳš
Ȼ̷ĵط̤, ǼȻѾӦز, ζҪȥģ¶ŵùˣҪز, ΨһҪֻһˡ
˴ӲǶµˣѵúͿ, ֲǲµĺӣзִ, ˲ᵣߥʲô¡
˵ӶϱĸãǶϲּ, ˿һȺɰŮٿչ˵óµűó, δ˿Ĳ죬ɼЩزһúܺá
ĸ׵εĪںӵƽλȨأΪ, һжزһݹͣνȢȢͣزԽԽã˾ǰο
زûγٻֻǵҪǻװ¾˰ˣϾҵķ˰װţܻ˲ᡣ
Ȼ˵˲أزһأ֪ﶼ۷ʲô£Խ
زȥѣһɫװһοزװһʱˣزѧѹɤӵ񡣡
زŮװҲ󷽵ģ»װŮһۿȥһüĿСɾǺÿ
زһҾûĶһ٣̧ͷŷǿһˣѵʲôͬˣ
ɾﲻ𣿡زֵʣʱŻع񣬡ǡ
زתһȦɾһȥˣ᲻Ϊɾ֮ã
£ȴӻշ֪ΪξԸΪ䡣
֮Ҳƶ֮񱣬زһôйµ֮۾һ߽ʣɾĶˣ
˵ʵҪǹĴû뵽ȴһתͷͬʱˣزˤˣڷӦÿ죬վֱգ۾һ͡
ززǻǲȥ˰ɡٵͷȻҪˣǲ̷ȥ
زܿϣҡͷᶨҡͷɾǲȥҿҪԼȥˣҲ˵ںÿţǲĸ̷ȥ±˲ӭҽݡ
ǵģز򲻿ʱùģò׼һͲһˣʱҪǲȥԺܡ
òͷҪԸԺԲлᡣ
زɴ۾ȥɣ̾صززȥ֪ߵ
ڿزأزգգ۾
֮Ӧæɾ̫ɺˣȻЦҪ˵ߵҲɾǣôܻҡ
֪˵£زŲԵߵпܣ
óزţǴȥززҸŮɻϲززܷӦңӽ󶼲ȥ̷һ£
ûģԵ˽زģǵһ̷ȥ٣һξͻһΣزӣȲĿľݵĲЩ꣬ڶ˻öӴȥôܲôֹһء
زû뵽ȻҪ󣬲ԼŮװʱʵȷʵΪɾôܻϲ
ǡز۾ϣҪҪҴģɾѺˡ
кӵ˺ûӵ˱ǴڲģزɲļƣûҪϣԴӦһԼĺϣҡҡͷɡ
ѾᣬǰѺˣμˣγš
¹ϵϣܴӦʱֻزˣزľˡ
ˣɾɣȥءزγģֻȥ棬ĿѾҪﵽˣʱĲǵ뷨벻ܡ
ðɣļƻƣزԼļ֣һʱ˭˵˭
һΣ۽ȥǲȥǷȥɵģܲԼԼ˰ɣ
زһ˵ɸˣܹȥס֣ɾɾǸϽߡ
Ҳᷴڣȥû׼һֹزİ취زŲҪ
زǰ׾ӣæززٺӡ
ûͬزӵԭͬزŪȥز߳ȥҪ˿Ϊ殡ͯġ
ԥǺزززѺãֻҪúӣ̾ߡ
زûʲôֻӶѣزĽܷΧڡ
ļٺӣزԸϣǼֻӣļٺأ
Ըˡ
СµȻѲһ£ܿҪĺӹزѺˣžúһЩڿϴزˡ
زһһĳæýŲմصģزתתûᣬѵã̷ȥʱ򻹿Կµʲôӡ
ſزʵصսָ˾պɾľӪĳɹ
ز֪Щĸزڿ˼İ˲ţҵһˣԽԽãҲ˵ġ
ǰǷѾ
زóϵĻϲΪԼƽгһˡ
ɾҿ𣿡˵־òԣزæסڲûɾˣǻ֣
֪ѲŻỽģûһֻǶ΢ô£
زûע⵽Ҫ֣
ҲģֻҪ㲻ռˡ=ǰɣ
زգ۾ɵһʼҪ˵ûʶزһռزָʲôˣεصǱ㻽Сܡ
زֵ֣Կز֣ǲ̫׵绽Сܡ
ðҶԡֻҪԳţֻҪȥ̷ˣزûһжٵΣжٵĻ˵˵ãʱ޴˵
زɾôȥĶ𣿡
˳ţزһŮزû˵ʵֻȥȥᰲţֻ֮Ҫǽйص£ȫƵϡ
̴ӣزʶˣߴȱ֣λزֻм֮ԵÿضǽҪʱ֣ҿλϵˡ


119һ巻

زʵ̷ĵطʱ, ɫһزʵɾǻûðɣ
ôܻᵽڻû, ؿزҵڻûãСܸΣ
Ҵȥ, ȻҲ, ĸ̷ҶˡΪһ׼, Ųκһ, Ҫȥ, ûżɡ
һزϸ£׼ȫͦ, ʱˡ
زɲʲôֻǳʵɾ, ֹû׼
Ȼز׼, Ƿһû׼ԴΪ, زǲͬģ׼, ÿԽ˿˽⻹Ǽٲ˽⡣
ǲʲôģվزȻûС
Ѿˣһ巻μˣÿһֹز, ǲ⣬Σֻزȥˡ
֣ǿ߰ɡز֪Ǻ׼ˣ˼سкʹȥɣ׼ãˡ
һȻʲô취ֹزȥٹɡ
ز֣Ϊ˲ע⣬ǳֻжȥѡ̷֮УǻͦԶģزνóô˻¿ö࿴ʲôˡ
ǵøʱûжˣΪطΪӶǣԽԽ࣬Ǵٹ˵ģҲΪ̻ͨԽԽ࣬˭뵽ǰط˼
زˣһЩС⣬֪޲ȻԶ·ߵһ巻ʱزۣΪǱ˴˶ڡ
վſڣز̧׼ȥȵȡ
زֱӽȥĶһԵĽȥعͷ̴ӣ̴ȥõԻȥţ׵ٽȥ
뵽һعأڶʱԹ³йó̷ĹأԼȰѹظˣҪΪŵ㣬Ҫ׽סѱ
ز߽ˣһǳְɣ֮˭˲֪
̷ģزϣ鷳ô־Բ͸¶
زĻգգ۾á
ǰûʲôõģزȻ£ҪǻܵκεˣһֱãҲΪˣܾ̾زҪ
زõشĵЦݣοزصȻǰ棬һҡ
˾Ǳһ״Ρ
Ϊز²̷֮࣬ݲϲز棬ЩȥǼϣǧټֻΪɣԹ뷨ԸΪ£زȴһֱ֣ôԸΪһιء
ز֪ģȻкܶ಻Ը⣬Ȼˣͻϣ棬ȫĺġ
ҪزͷЩزʱʶĶȴزڿɲŮװޣһλɾʺʱֶŵء
ز̧ͷ̧£زһסַ֣ŵͷϣ˵ұʲôӣһңҲϣɾɾ
˵۹زʲôǣҲϣʱԶԼһЩ̫̣ʥˣҲԼ˽һ˽һ˵Ĺɡ
ƺز˼ˣֻزķá
һشӲԽأΪֻ֪򣬲ʸҪˡ
գһأһزɾ
ɾѾ׵һһµĸزĵͷǽеԻԵӽ̷߳һ˸Ÿزûаɫֻصλ롣
ȥӦһɫشزһȥزֱ۵ģͻȻװأô̷֣£ԹԵһȥ
Ķ۵һ˿磬ǲɸһĨЦ⣬Ƕϰߣزô᱾ܵվһ
ɾЦʲôزע⵽Цˣ
ֻһΣ²Ϊȴһôز˵Ȼûͷûβģز֪е˼һͬĵΪҪ˵
ŲӦأÿһǲǰѸÿģ뿴ĶˣҪǿˣûʲôģ»زҲûʲô֮ǻиֺ£һòˣһȻ
Ԥ֮еĴ𰸣ȴšüͷزɾ֣Ͱһˣ£˵ʡûĺ顣
Ҫ¾ֻزͷˣزԸͷֻˣزⰡδ»ûôż˵ˣ
޸Է˼⣬ȴϣΣ
ȹǰ°ɣزش£Ϊ̷֮ؾ͸ӾĻ̣עĿʵȻٽڣزĿĶɫװΣԵʣȻǰգȴٵĿˡ
԰̷˼迴Ѱĵططɵġ
λɾѾźż䣬ɾҪʲôŮǾͻᰲʲôŮɹȥһ巻Ĺǲʣǻӭͣ˵Ǿ˵ûУȻûеġ
µŮ˲ʮ꣬ĵطܳΪ£ʡ͵ĵƣĲʵĲʣֻذ£Ầˡ
ز⣬һɨȻһ֪һ巻Ľ̷ǷŮɳúãĲֺãҪǰȫ
ʵνİȫֻԵģ˶ܹסԼ죬Ȼ˰ŵܴȻԼܲסԼ죬㲻Ҫ˰סܡ
ĵزһ򶮵ãǿǺ棬ͺȥֻ֮ãز̻ؼء
롣˶¥ż䣬˵ż䣬ǸԿԷȴܿ¥̨ϻǸ裬黭ıݣ䲻СزǾ棬޵صͦõġ
Сɾǲ뿴ıݣ԰ŹСΪزһǰʾزˣ뿴Կ뿴Բ˼ȫ
µزĿֻǴ׺ЦСܡ
һزһʱûӦʶڻأ̾һʵֺ£
Ҫ輿輿
زԥشҪ
Ƕѡһֵط˭ѡһ
ˣ趯ģĿһաزҡͷԵһ˵ʣ˰죬زգ۾һգۣգۣգۣ˼ֻһͷӦ


120ز֮

һ̷˶ز, ֻڿ˳軹Ǳհˣܷز֮⣿
Ÿһεؿ, زЦˣ˵, ҲҪϵġ
Сɾ, һ巻ŮֻҪܳ͵, , ֮ѡ, һزͷãǳǰ, ǽ̷ĹҲ̫ǹ², Ѱ˵СӣϸϸΪ˵˵̷Ĺ, ҳʶ
زԼǸĺӣµ΢ܾͿ, Ȼףزһ, ˵ززЩǶܲˡ
֪ĹҿԸ, °ɡȻ¾һۿȥûüڣѾ˳˶ˣزһͷѾ£ָһ
زҲǵһ֪ʲôأ
ʳԣ޲Ī˵ĵﶼһӹһ׵˵ز
һ㶼ûزȻҪ˽˽̷ѵýָĶϡأҪлʸף˽һ㣬ܻȥŮѧЩ
زֻˣе˵ڡ
µǸµģڲزĻֻλȥš
ף˱ȥϾˮԸˮɣϾơ
ΪһճȾƵˣµ˽̷뻹һĲȡ
زνֲһϲȾƵˣ˽̷ĿѾﵽ֮Сϸڣѹأزֻܵš
˵ĸ輿ûһ¥谡
ˣϸȻòòθעĿ
˲˦Ծƺһħ˲࿴һۣٶ࿴һۡ
ÿɣز۾գѯһزӦÿ
ȷܺÿزΪܺÿأ
زǸ˵ӣԵΣճز̾ɡ
ô꣬زֻпʱĿŻƣȴǵһοĿת˵ĵĸоǸϣزŵԣһ̷ҲһΣ
ᶨûʱʹ򶨵⣬Ҿġ
ز֪ĬĬĴˡʱŴ򿪣ȴǷŵĹ´߽زȥģڿ߽Ůʱ۾գ
ƺÿһǺÿȻͬһۿȥúˣز۽⣬زÿŮǣһˣô÷ŹҲһᵽТΪϲڴˣȻ˼ɾ
زЩһˣز׷ʵֲΪȻ
Ī̴ȥزÿŮɣɾҪ͹һ
ز֪ʶھ棬ʮֲϲľ棬ոϽסرʾҲ˵ұ֤˵ˡ
Զʧ˳ϲңǰϣԹԵıΪףҪŭòײȡ̷Ļᣬôûͻȥء
ôˣһøǧôõĻᣬ֪һʲôʱ򣬱Ҫ׽ܷŹ
²֪زҪˣӭ˳λɾǷлᳪֻļˣλʲôʲôֻܵ㡣
µǲزΪѣóûжҪģ͵ֻزһˣزôҲ˵
£ˣȥæɣʲôٽ㡣زȷʵֻǴͣǿĿתȴûκа¶ǣȴᡣ
óʲô裿¿ȥˣزܵǱԼóġ
ʲôǶͨһɾòǼԼΪĸɾǱݣŮһ˿ڣزʱȻڽ̷ǼٵˣȻز㳤úÿټһʱǿˣںܿס
زһæصͷúúãǵġ
һ̷ˣţԣֻҪúõúõؿͺá
ŮزĻزЦøˣʱѾ裬˿ҽ𣬸𣬳ȴ硣
簡ز棬迴Ҳǳ꣬ȴڵصز
û뵽Ὺڣز֣زƲסؿȥˡ
ɻ᣿һοڣǻӦȻõģæӻصġ
Ҳû˵ˣʾز֮زز仪
ز֪ôЩ˵Ļһ˼ңǵġ
Լ񲻸ã輿ʵöͦãȻ˵˼زûŪԵ̽ǲǽ⡣
û뵽ز˻һӶززʵ˵òԣ
֮Դȷʵزδֳֻᳪ𣿡
δĸ᣿ʣҶһ£˭˭ɣ
زģɾ뽻ɣ㳪һҲΪҳһΣ
˵ز˷ܣûһ೪ԡ
ƵĿ⾡ڴóزڴţʱȻδûдӦ뷨̸ס
ֻһΣ²Ϊ˸֣زȴʲô˰ʲôʱ򶼻ͷӦ¡
Ҫ˵֮ǰزͷزϵľܾİôѵõĻᣬô޵ı⣬ϣ׶
Ǵӽ󶼲̷̫˰ɡ֪ǽزһһĥٲӦҲӦһЩ£ԲŻżزԼӦֻҪزӦ£زĻסزǧ˼õ£
زһֱϵͷǲŸţȻغ߳زһؿһӲʶˣûûĶԲԣ
ΣزŶֹסһƳزһ䣬ز
Ϊ˴ﵽĿĲֶΰ˵ʱѾزƲסˣ˵ˣЩ輿Ϊһ
ȻǴӦٵ̷򲻿ܣѵҪӵĵط
˵
Ҫ᲻̷ЩɴûΪһΪͷӦٲ̷նóĳĻҪټȥӮ


121ʲôɾ

زԼܲܶùʾ, ܵҪ֪֮ģ˭˵, ҲǲĿľݵġ
̷һ£һֱ뾡취, ֻΪزͷӦ, ǵһ, ҲһΡ
زز, ֻһλ, ǴˣûеڶΡƺزʱЦ, ززˣɼȫûҪġ
ز, ǧѵһɿڣոߵ, ˳һҪǴˣѵһӶ裿
ǲʧ
һ, ׷زڽ̷һ֪Ķ֪, ǷҪһβɵģôΪδ֪´ĵΣ
زʣ̽ӻһԾŶ
زһҧ, ҴӦǽ첻ʲôɾš
㻹ʲôزɿ׼һģû뵽زиزʲôܣһֲõԤУ׷زҪһ׼Ҫ
ɾʲôزѵᵱʲô׵£
һҲԣزֲɾܲϲżְɡ
زϱ˵ģ˵ͷá
زɸˣһֱкǰǹﲻعܡ
û뵽زȻüǰǵҪ˹ȥֻҪͺá
ǧû뵽Ȼ©ˣزŮɲ٣װСӾһλɾ
زֻϲϱɾˣأزԼŮɣŮɵѵлôܷŹᡣ
˶ٱݣֻ߹ԿɽǣزһʱŮǴӵţŮɿóزǸ͵ˣزûôнʵɾƤãǶá
زǺգǵŮøǧһ巻Ȼ鴫
ɾǵһһ巻һ巻ģɾ棬ǿԴȥ档Ůǲ⣬ˣĺɫ֮˲֪زȻ߽޶ֵ˼Цӯӯĺ˵
òʱֿºͣûаԽ֮٣أֻ漸غϱԿó
زǵһһ巻֪٣ǵΪزһ
ãֻ˵šʲزһΪרŽܵģ⣬ںˣ⻹ǲ⣬һ巻գһ巻˽ȲרŵĽˣҲ㹻ˡ
زֻһ巻£ŮǴȥ棬ѹһɶˣʱɫѿزȫûʶ
ɫˣزżþգһյˣز͵ô󷽣ҵ׷ˣĶԼļױûѹŮ˵زȻҪˣЩġ
زȰοǵԵǧᣬԺǻټġ²һ巻޷
Щһ巻ˣϣĪܹ뿪һ巻Ҫôﳼ֮󣬻ū͵ĺˣҪ뿪֪Ҫȵʲôʱ
زʵǵϣο˼ҹ붼ϣԼ뿪ĵطֻҪܹ뿪ʲô
ɾƣūҲԸɾһ˳졣زĻأеļ˶ǲˣΪƣҲԼ⡣
زˡ
ͷβزûһ£ûΪǣЩˣľǵ¡ǽ̷ˣ಻ǵ˿һأǸ󣬵Ǹܵһݾ⣬˹زһ뿪
˽̷Ĵţزʵ뿪̷ǵҪô
⣬ԸΪǵգ˼ū弸Ѹģһ
زһ֮ˣһپ٣һ˭ܲӲҲΪˣ֮Ż໥ֻ֧Ϊ˲ԼΪʧܵһ޶ס䵽ĵط
زĸпֻǵٻôֽ٣ȻҲҪһܡززһ죬ڼ޸𣿡
زôڣѡģɾȴԼѡģҶɾġ
ǰȻزĸпԼѡ
ʲŮһززϲһֱûл⻰лˣزէȻ΢΢һ٣ŮɣΪβϲ
Ҹһʱززδ㻶ϲֻǾ£زĸϣ˵زû˭
Ҹ˶ƣҵɾĵΣû׼õɾõ£øԼҵɾẦɾǿɲһֻǣҵģһЩǮˣ֮ء
زֵ֮Ĳ˺֮㶼ƣûеߣ޹ʹ˭ܣЩƹغһµôܻ᲻⡣
ͬ޹ص¶С£ǹغıǴ¡
ϧԺܳһ˵ãᵣ͸¶͸¶Ļʵ˵ĻֱӲ˵ز˵ϧϣܵõһɿڣ̷
ϧΪزһⷴӦʲôģĳֻû
Ȼû˵زĻܻ˵һЩز˵¡
ܼҵĻҺ˾Ѿĸͬ˾ոȥһˣһ㡣һϵӵ£زȥۿŶµģ˾ոûжʶ£ȴһȻȴϲĵͽܡ
زԼûνĶϱӵ£뵽ԼһȥԱϣʱֻҪŵŮɲȡֵˣزʿԳΪţף
İѾãֻ͵͵ۣûлᵱȥ𣿡뵽ι龫ֵӣزȽΪģôʹˣȷκ⣿
¡ܿ϶ظزûµģʹС£λġ
˾ոλ·ҲԸ⣿زʣһλ걻ѹܶ˵䣬жΪ˲Ը⿴вܲٴ򷢻ϼұˣοǶ˵Ů
һ˲᷸˾յļɻ䡣ָҪǲܲ٣ڶˡ
ܲٴж࿴أֻΪӵһȲʱֻҪ Ͳòܲٲϲ
ҲǣӲڣļӶǳӣ÷ڵ£Ǵ˵ǲǵճ˾οأһŮɰˣܺĶ


122º

ĵ, ˶֪Ӧôزɵǰס, ɾҡ
زͻȻ΢΢һ٣֮ز, Ǹֻһ, ·, һֱȥ, ı䡣
ززҲҡסزֻӦز
زЦü, ɸˡ
ѵص˾ոλλˣܵ˾ջϲЩǰ, ǴһֱҲмӣ㲻ؾ, ѰһҺ˾֮ϵܸı䡣
˼زÿıϵ̬, ǰôԴϣһǰ
زǲܣҺֻеͷ֮, ӹ˾ոլ꣬һֱûʽ, ȥµúúõ˵˵˰ɡ
ڲ¡
ԥûеزز
Ƿˣ˾µĳ, ȴȻ˾׿˵ҪΪ˵ˣΪµ㲻ȥŭǺޣá˵ʱ⣬Ǿð
زһɾǲǲӦ⣬ܾ㲻Ǻܸˡ
˾յ˽¡ܲڹŮ˵Ȼͬڴϲܲٵºһµġ
˽ֻҪܲٲΪΪڸʧص£Ȼԡ
˾պͷТǺɾһһɾԸͬеˣһ֪ѣƫƫɾֽܱԺãɾ˲ˡزŹκοƨĻᣬ
󣿡˵ϰزʱزһزбĴĸо
ɾȻôңز𾪵ؿƺû뵽ȻôЩˣ
ڣǼ鼴
زһۣɿ֣Ҳɾ˵ɾеĴʯԷˣ
ǻزЩ꣬Сĵ߽زߵʧԣ
ɾһյȥϷز˳ڽӻ
ֱһ㶼ûֻһмƣɨززѻ˵ȥ
زװˣʱѾĿ˵ˣôܲ˵ȥɾ̷е˵һϷɣϷһֻڽ̷ҴӦɾĻǽ̷ڽ̷£ֻϷ
գ۾ľϷûκ˼һҪ
Ѿزǲģ̷Ϸ͵̷Ϸ²زĿ껹ڽ̷
ϷֻҹﳪȺ˯ˣ͵͵֤ע⵽ǡزôעⶼˣסҡͷֻһΣ²ΪУ
ŴӦ£ز뷴ڣӦµҲԵû
˵ûѻ˵˼زأĲ鲻Ըǽӻ˵˵õĻôֲܲǵˣˡ
ûĸأĺ棬Ҫװʲô¶ûзʲô¶ûӦز⡣
СȻǲˣˣˣĳ˻ֱӵʲô¶ûҳ벻롣
˵ջŻӦ£زΪ⶯ͬġ
ߣ̷Ҫ̷ǵɡ
һӻţôòŵһ̷Ժеʱͬ⡣
ߡֻزֹһССҲһؿزһ׽ȫ
ز֪ᶨӦΪʼɡ
һֱ˺ӣزǰڵһλǵĺӣȴҲΪǵĺӣزкӣֻΪΪǵһݣزһȥıǸˡ
ǽزһ巻˵ʱȫû뵽һɶģȻʼɡ
ز֣زǵԼڷƢأҡͷҪɾǲ
װģȴܰѻ˵ֻôսز̷һ£пϷԵҶӦ㡣
ǣҵһؼңʲô˶˦ҵ֡زװװȻĺˣãزΪˣ⣬ΪܾģȴûаΪѵĵкѡ
ǣĿԼҷ˵֣Ȼڵزװѵ˵
˴ٷзֻҪز֪ǣкη
زõеһкѣ֣ԥǣزЦˣˣǺˣλش𡣡
ֻһλСܡشززǽյ˫ֵСܣ
㣬ʳġƶزôŵؿٽֻͣǣزķȥ
˵翪ţ߲֮ټǵִֶߣټ
ҵ˵ȥʱָָĲ֪٣Ƕ£ȻӦزݴֵ÷зִز֣֪߻Ľ֪ͣΪѵˣӲطϡ
زע⵽ˣضָָģ͵͵һۣ治ɫԿѹûзϡ
ǿͺ˵Լηԣԣ£ж˸˵Ҫȥǲϣȥһǰ
ôزþˣע⵽ͬʱܵزɢĵۣززأ
֪زΪͻȻȴһʣֻΪ֪ز뷨
ǲǣ˰ɡزһʼҪ뿴ΪѵģǵڣԸķչ
ΪβǣжأǷޣֻŵķβͬǲδ˵£ΪҪ˵Ŀ⣿Ŀ⿴ǰ۶˼ǵĹϵ˭زûκ⣬ָǵˣҪôվҪôֻܶڽָָ㡣
һԣԡ
ʱһлزջˣһȴ֣ز
תͷ˿ֻʮɾһ𾪵ؿƺϵǣ˴ǳãֲػ
ϵò٣ɫظ룬زǶţû
λɾ۵Ķ˵֣زˣٰѶִɣλ˳ֿȥززΣ¶һĨЦݣλɾһƺû뵽زᳯЦЦ
£Լ˵Ļƺûûܾû£׷һ䡣
£¡ȫţΪԼԽһû뵽ֽյɾǵȻеķ޶أ
˼ǣŵľԼҷ˵֣Ҫ㣿


123°Ե

˽, ʱȷǲµӣһûٺ˵, زתҪߡ
ֻȷһԼǲ۾ˣѾȷ, ۾û, һλɾִν, Ǵȥ, Ի𾪰ɣ
Ǵ´ȥ, ɾľ֮ؽ𡣡زߣظܻᷢİԡ
˵᲻֪, أ
ؼҡȻǣ֣ͬӦ, Լбع
ǵڶջûȵزȥˣ, Ѿʮ𼱵ţӭ㳯زʵ㣬˵𣿡
زûͷûβĻĪİ, ˵ʲô
԰ʲô˵, ʲô»˵ˣ
زԵɣģĵصǰɣ
ǰȥˣ̰, Ȼա
ڼ𣿡ɽʣزҡͷڣƻŻؼҡ
һȥ̷һգҪǿɫ磬زصô硣
ǣǽи˵ȥĶ𣿡ɽ˰ֻʣزԵصҴӲ٣ȥҲ˵
޶һȥģ˭ȥĶˣأ
ĴģǰҪĻ˵ˣز뵽Լ뵽£ˣΪȻ
ǣһɾ֣زٰѻʳɵͷϵĵͷôһ£дʣƺۼ
ɵĵص˭ܣ㶼֪ôǽǺã
żģʱ֮ãزô졣
׶꣬˶Ƕ֪Ȼ˲Ϊ֪Ⱥãɣɣ
ңܺ˭ܣǸң㵱һǿЦģزɣɡ
ܽ飿ˣҪô죬βܽˡ
㣬ǽҲõģ˺ǣƼûû䣬ҪǴȥǻҲУ󲮶Ƽҵĸǵطֶܡ
˵źγѾڿôزһ·Ĵ㶼ˣز
˵²ܡز˵еʶеĻ²ܻᷢģŵ㣬̫࣬Լɵˡ
Ѿڴ֮ͥǣһɾˣԭ½򣿡ز˵ܣѾزܲܵûзɡ
زд£Ȼԭµġ
ǰ׼׼ߣߡɾ֪زģ˵ߴزʰңͰҡ
زȵȡ
õȣ˵㲻䲻ͬðߣ̾ߡ˵ȲģزֻðסˣܲҰѻ˵ꡣ
żʲôأѻ˵ףǰɲ˵Ļ᣿
ʮ𼱵ɱΪֻһЦѣһ鷢û뵽ԸΥĴԾȻġ
ʲô˾ӣ֮ţʱģģһ󣬶ӹ궼ҪˣȻֳ˷绯
֮ã֮񱣬ô޷Ȼˡ
ŵңǣҲҡز׽ʱҪĻ˵һͰ͵ص˵ɾһкӵɾ
Ů˳ô£ѵλزŮܿ
Ůװٺжѣز˳һʣɡ
⵱Ȼûʲôɵģǲ԰
ͬţν಻Ůװ׽ص㣬زһô࣬봩װ𣿡
ܰȥ̷¸ɣ֮ܣΪʲôҪñ֪ȫûҪ
ɿز˵ѵģԼҽ㿴źͦµģʵ˭˵ʲô²
ֻ׷ʵûƭңΪ˹Ϊϴԣƭң
ΪҪƭ㣬ΪίȫԸԼί˵ˣزʵøɴ֪࣬ɵֺӣΪӿʲôˣ
һزӣˣزǳﲻɳӣزϲҲΪϲززʱʱ̴̿ûиı䡣
һ˶Բز£زػ뿪һ£ز̡
Ҹոһ򡣡ΪԼбҪ˵˵ʱ뷨ΪԲزˣš
ռǸˡز˳ھʹɴżָؿĳ׽㡣
һʼ˵뵽ԼĻأôò˼Ҫز˵ô£ˡ
һˣ˵һһģԼûزɵĿߣ
˭뵽ͽȻʱЩʱŻ顣ǰɱû뵽زŮװĺţû뵽ĸزִν֣µĵز
زû뵽¶أѵ¶Ҫ㱨
ȻǡҪ󣬰زһЩĪôͲˡ
û˰ɣ˾ոûȥ˵ܹˣزɡ
ɵǡǡ෴Ϊȥ˾ո˵ϢͽǵģЩԺãڸ֮£ȴȻͬ㵹ǲĽΪ˱Ρ
ǵĵزز˵û£ᴦãȻ˵û£Ȼû¡
ʷҪΣ붨δ̫Ϸˡ
˵ôλʲôˣ¼˵ĪӸλˣܲ١ЩλϵˣʵѾô˵ĿΨһǾǲǶһ˶ֵԭֻûá
Ȼ׼ҶˡɽİˣȻ˵û£ػûµġ
˾ոɣôͻȻǲ±˲һˡز䵣絣һԼɡ
鼱֮˵ࡣ£ұˡȥҴҶҴҶߡ
˾ոﶼ£ȵϣܲһ䣬ʵһĻŵЦʶ֪꣬з磿
ִһɾνֵ´飬ڳһû˵ܲٵŴҵ𣬷̹Ȼһ˶ۿγǵڡ
ͬΣϾ˷ˣ֮Ҳ̹ȻԸ棬Լҵķһȥˣִֵģ¸κˡ
ܲЦҡͷ˾ȻŮӶֲ塣
ŮװȻֲáܲˣ˵ȷ֮£뾹˾նˡ


124±Ĳܲ

ܲٲΪȻػЦ˵´, Щ֪Ȼţһ, ǸˣҲشȥ, ͬ, ǲ֮, ֵ˴
, Ϊ, 󣬲ܲٲϣ˰鴫ȥ
л˾աܲٷٴȥ˼, ʱҪѧԣҪִ, ֵ÷зز, ͲǲܲҪģ֮γ, ҲǲܲĬġ
ѵһգͬ, ˴ˣпвá
ͬƺ֮ˮ²ס, ηԡԴȫû˿ηԣ֮ܲصǵһ̹
ǶϿɣһҾлܲٵ±ʹƹԴٷзվûĲ
ܼԼ»µ٣˻ϲص۹ãľǡ
Ŀزϣ⣬زԼµˣôزıҵʮ⣬Ҳ͸ԼĶˡ
زò˼˵˵˾ոûķڣλδȴз֮ĵò˾ΣǲҲϣǡ
ĸ˵ǡȻ˺ٳţţززֻܹɵӦ¡
һ˾ոȥΪһǰȥٶϵģ˶ˣȻǲġ
ţҪ׼ҵϲ£ܲǰӭĿأ֮ǰѾһֽչ˺ˡ
˻һԵıϷԸЦŸӦ£ܲѾҪȥһԵ֣㢲˺زһҾŸϣܲһۿſϳɣ֮簡
˾չˣףԶҪĥ¡ܲ춼ǿ޵ĻɫΪӲеԶ󻹸ö飬ĥ¡
ָܲмܴﵽҪ󡣡
ҿܷ񡣡Ȼӻܲ΢΢һ٣ӦڿأܲٵЩΪأŮѧͬһ㽫Ǻã
£˾дʣýĽ̵
ֵܲ˰ˣ֮ѧһ붼ã£˵
ǲĲνԴûü룬ȴһȺСɾ׷һŮܹСŮСˡ
ףǸסСŮɾǳŲܲģһȺֻ׷ĶɾʱܲһĶˣŵ붼վסˡ
СŮɿɲܵܲٺ֮䣬ڲܲٵ󣬡ҪΪֹ
زŹ龫ֵĺӺԼҵˣľĺʡģͦõģ
ܲһһѽѵصΣ˽պ£
ȻûǡûǰŮǲΡȻСͣƤ߯䡣
ҪҵĶǰ塣һѵĺССأȻȲҪ󣬲׽ŲܲٵǶܸǿ
޲ɶԡ
һȥϻ۶ŵɾڣزǵλǴĲܳ尡
СѧαѧĲܳλ˹ϧ˵Ӣţܳš
ν޲ɶԣ̹ȻԻ֮ҲΪףʧʧ²򺦳ɣԾܶҲζԴ𷴲ܲپص㶼ʼѧסˣ
ʵ˵ܲˣͬ棬βΪȻص忴ұſһЩ
һ㶼ϡ氡ǵһؼΣܳôһûз֮·йأΪβ֪
˵Ļ㣬̹˵ºйϵΪļ̹ηԡָŲܲŲֵ뵽ʲôƳֵܲǰĴţײִɾֱ֮϶°Ҳ֣ѵԺ
ǰܼ֮£һزѾǶЦǲ벹һôǺҲ㡣
£زѾЦ⻰ҵŲܲٵ˵ֻôһɡ
ܲٶͷѾʱѾɿ֣Ųܲٵʵ֪ʲôк
ǰ֪ģε鴫̫һ䣬Ȼ֪ҹݵ˵֮ɳΪзͶ֮񱣬𣿡ΪһѧϽѧ̵ȫˣܲҪأ˱ֳԼȫԽܿ飬ֻҪܲ뿼Է㡣
ʱĲܲٺ뷨һģĬĬʹε׶νʲô
ΣΪʲô㶮ô࣬Ҳ֪ǽɡʱûȴǷӦСѾȲؽӻʾǶ֪Щʲôãʲôġ
ððҸǡαʾԼȫϣ͵Ϊռ֪ʶ
㲻˵Ҳܲٶͷϵˣһ޹ĪʵΪʲô˵ֲѧֹⲻ֪ʶ𣿡
£زЦڶܲ١
ܲ˵ⲻ֪ʶ֪ʶʲô
׽׽񣬲ܲҪ׽
ԻУʦ֪֮Ϊ֪֪֮Ϊ֪ײ˵ԭΪΣܳʮϵʵҲ֪Ϊʲô洫˾֪ƫƫЩĺ֪ʲôкһϸʲôԭ
ܲ١
زȫԸܵܲٴ˿̱ģһʾͺˣһȺͰ͵ضŲܲ٣ڵŲܲ٣ŪܲΪʲôԸòΪռ֪ʶ
ôңȻҲأһ㶼ۣαŵûвģֻʲܲ۲ۡ
ֲۣܲ۰
Σ²ö˵ܲ˼Ҫô˵ˣһ仰¡
ѾʵΪΣ˴˾֪Ƕ˵Ļ⣬ֻ֪ôһ£Ϊ˹˵벻˵Ҳܣȴǣ
ʵùĵģܲһԣһβ֪λشźá
λòܷˣ֤ó
ˣ֮ˣֶԹ֮ΣҳΪڸܳ岹䣬öܲܲͻȻЦˣǶ˵ڡ
֪Ƕ⣿ܲЦס
ܲٵû뵽һ֮Ϊƽָ飬ȷʵҪһ
ҪεˣзεɣҪܵʱͬҪܵɣܲٵǶ˼Ȼƽǿа취£


125¿ϷϷ

, ǿأ֪ǰ, ǼȻΪƽǷѾ뵽취
֪ܲп֮, ϲڡ
, Ҫôҷ, Ҫô㱧¡Ҫ, ˵С, ţ̫ܣǲÿ
زգգ۾, ôһӣ͹, üһܲٽ̵, ĺӿô˰
Ȼشҵ⣬˵òҲܰܲٿɲ˶ص, ҪҲ
εкѣ鳯͢ȴʮ´ֻܿû
ܲٵǿв˰
ˮ, ԴͷɱһӰۣԡζԴ
ܲٿܳôģ
ҺͰЩ磬˵Բ, ɴҪˣǲǷҪô˿УԸ룬֤鳯͢ߣϳ͡
з磬ϵúܸɴ࣬ܲٿΪأ
ɾŮɶСİ취Ѿסֻ˵ʵ
ܲͬصǰİ취Ѿٿ󡣡
ܳһͬҪʣεעʵҷ𣿡
ൽڣܲһֱûŵ˼һ㶼뱻һֱȥѯĳλһ
Ҳţ㲻취ЦʲΣɨܲһۣá
˵꣬Ҫҧܲٵֿ֣ܲذѸٵķ£վڵϵɣ˵ҷǲ
ܲҪֿ죬һۣ¿ġ
²֣ҪٹٳķɱһɱЩֻʵ֤ɱߣǿԿһѰһɡλܲٽسأ޷Ǿκʦͽϵ˭ȲܲٺͲйֻǼ֪֪׵֪ա
ڲβǵ˵Ƶһ
ܲζؿһ۵ô
βʣܵˣҪǲֻҪܲɿڡ
ء֪ôĲܲһֲõԤУԻǾزϹͣЩˡ
˵ˣνĿĻûﵽأʸ׼ţ˳
ܲٶ֪ΪˣʱܲӦӦ˭֪λʲô
˵ˣһᴦŮծθծģܲѵǸ֮¡
˾ա洫Ļǿ֣ܲһòܲٸĸ⣬ô˵Ҫʵ֤ãûȷɡ
ܲٸΪĵӣ̼㵱Ϊڸ㣬ѵãǲ÷ˡ
Ҫ²Ϊһ²⴫ܲٺͲζԼ£ǲά᲻װɡ
ĲܲһҾл˾ա
ǰܲѾֹΪһԾͻʧû뵽Ϊһžǣ˲ŵģΡ
ͲܲٿصС£ڲεƺһ⣬ܲԣܾҲѰܾɡ
ǻ£ܲЭ飬ͷһռͬèĶǻǶüͷһ䡣
˶æҡͷܳȴ׺ΪҺͰεİ취㲻Ϻãʸ׺кκð취
ҪʣΪһúӣǻ
ҪԼ룬ǲش㡣ܲٷǹģĲ˵òκͲܳදԡ
˶Ǵĺӣ͵Ƕ˼룬ֻǶ˼룬Ż᲻ԶⶼԼ취
ܳ΢šüͷȻڿ⣬ǲѹûҪ˼ĿѾﵽӵ£Ȼиõİ취ΪǶȻ˵ڵġ
ǲѾ뵽õİ취ˣܳǾΪѵʱ򣬲һƺ⣬ܳ忴Աܵ׷ȥ
ﰵĳͯ񣬲ϲʵҪҲ⡣
Сĺӡд˶Ĭһ䣬ϧܳȴΪصһû䣬İ취ҵİ취һǸ׺Ϊ̫õģǻûзֳӮ
ඣôżҪأѵӮңҾͲӮ㣿֮Ҫиõİ취ⲻ˵
ĺǿʤ˵ܻⲻ˵˭뵽ȷʵǹأ
ΰСԴССľôأôˡ
ĽѵһĲܳ壬ЦˣܲٵǼȥβ֡¶
ЩͯһܳҲ˵仰µһûӶ໰ԹԵӦ¡
ΪȥԺܲٻöһ䣬òܳͲηֿ
νģܲٵĻǲģԸǧټƶҪá
ŵɹˣһҾӦ£ܲһͷܳ峯ЩŮһҾγֵܳҪǵʲôҪ˵
ܲһ۵ɹȥһ㶼µػֵߣߡ
ôо⺢ӵ̫أز𶡷첻µز£ܲٶ־ֵƢʤ
ͦõģֻʹڲܲ٣Ѷڲܲܵܲ١ŮĵСްרҸծġ
̫ˣ롣ϵûһ㱻˴ŵĲϲ˺زԺȥ֣ε߹ȥ˲˵ǣֻ֣ǳεοɷȥ㰢׼ûУ
һȿززȻע⵽ķӦ
áزܸʾѾӦլǰԺζȥ硣
ԭΪܼҵ˾˾ոȥ磬˵θǲܲٵ飬ҪĶûһǲܲٲġ
̫ˣˣȥȥͻءͲܲٶǶһ£ʱĲοһɿɰСŮɣĳЦݣĶ͸
ǵһμΣѿȻСĲڲܼҵĵλȻĸǲܲٵΣڷ˵˳ĵŮ
ֻҪܲٳ谮Ȼ֮Σڲܸȥ
ңͷθҺͲۣܲԱͬжɾǣֻһܳˣˣûһֱӲܲ١
βó裬ҵʶˣΪǼ˵ѵʲô֪£
뵽˵Ŀ⿴ززΪʲôʣ߽ˣѯʣ֣ġ
زֻҪȷ±㰲ˣǰǽԺǰڵʱزһܻǵ˾ոһصģԭ֮Ƕ˵Ժڵûġ
̫ˣؿز¡


126

˿صˡ
˷׷ϲ, Ѿ£زº, Ű
̫˵꣬ȴǵһε˾ոϴ򿪻ϻ, ȴڲزѾЩû˾ո, ϡ
ʹ, ҲͲ߶, ҵᶼӦ, ϱܸɣȥҾڼҰտӡ˲ػش, ȲΪϵĳΪѾΪܲլйµķ˶ġ
ǰ, ˽ϴþ˭˲ޡ˵ŷеĻ, زֻ΢΢׶ЦͺЩͷ֮
нղżȻһ輿, ΢ȴ²ܲٵ, һŮôʢ費˥ڶ˶ѣһûӵ, ôܻһ졣
ԣǰزǵͷ֮ͶƢͶ㶡뿪˲ܸܲٵﻹŶ˵λãôϱ㲻ȲҪĨȥڶ˵һС
ڲܲô꣬ϺͶͬĵطڣ䰮ܲ٣񶡷һִţ֪ܲٵֻ߲һŮˣͬڶˣ˿Ҫ붼룬ΪˣĴ
ˣǰܲûдܲҲô
ʵ뿪ܲٶԶ˵һֽѣһֱڲܲٵߣһ죬˻ᱻġ
֪ԼͶ˲һҲһⱲֻŲܲ٣ŶŮǣƽƽĹһӣܲ޲ܲޣȡˣֻڲܲٵ߶ѡ
ˡزȻЦŲĿޣǿϣֻ붡˽ãǰʱϲ䲻ȣ˵ѾΪ˾ոµŮ죬ز̬ȴ䣬Ϊһȵߵˡ
һ˵ڲǰ£ںܿξͺһ߰ģŮɽŮģǲ˼
Ҫ׵ˣ˭Ų
γزգգ۾ôһĺӣزͷûסһЦ
ǽϴΪܣزѾŲΪӦͲܲѾ²ܽࡣ
һ˵󷽵ģĿ峺ȻЩӣȴȫظǼ񣬡̫ˣˡ
ֻ֮ʲô¶ûеؿڵúӣǰҿؽš
ţǰܽӦһɵ߹ȥ֣Ц𼸸⣬޷ǶСŮƽϲʲôʲôֶʲô顣
˵ܼҲ壬ΪһÿնĲܲ٣ڶŮĽɴӲӣܽԴ߰ŮҲԼϲãһԴ˵Ѿ¶飬زʵãνϲϲҪһӣֻҪ໥ϲزûʲôϵ
һԲ˵ϼ䣬ղߵز࣬ʦĵĺܺóԡ
⻹زһСĸóԣزص㲻±
ƶĻشֲɵϣһֱͦõ£ûɿ˵й֮ǰҪǴȥܷڲҪͽܣ˷ղβð
زǲҪһл
ʲθϽĵòãʦĪɷңҲܣ򲻸ܡ
ȻûͷûβĻ˵ʲôͺá
뻤²ܴŵͽܵǻǿԻġ
ΪԼ̫С˳֣ԹϵذѲܲƵòܲٳ֡
زһֱΪ˵˴¿϶µģ˵Ĵŵڶûͣ£ҲֻʲôûǸСˣͬĻ飬ﲻɳӰ
Ρ˵˵ŻͻȻ˻һεķӦǽһ죬վڡ
ز΢΢һ㶣õնĵʱϲһ¿ɰĺлֺǺǵعȥ˱ضỶϲ
ŮãһŮɣֻҪܲٲ̫ݣԶڶϵߣ֧ŶһֱĻȥԶΪκεԭپøˡ
εǲܽ࣬ܽ೯εһȥЩɺã
زŻŲεķӦɨܽһۣջǵͷһ뿪ز뵽εģǹܽڹؼʱ
ƢͦһӣܽͻȻز˼ţĪǼͲ׽ͷһزԼķȥӦòڰɡ
¡һһŮɫЩŵڱϵĶһԿϵɫһ䡣
˿һɫˣֻһĹǳʲô£ʱ˵Ǹʡ
ֻǱվ̫˺ͷȥȥͻء
˺زԱ㣬һ뿪˵ǽεŮɲ˾յˡ
ԲεĻϲزһ˼ȴ򲻸дġ˵κ㢵Щ࣬һ룬ܲҲӦġ
ûһûг£˶ϹȥˣλлظɾѾȺ
زˣ˵ûʲô죬ɼֵЩʱʲôģ涼ˣżһʱ
Ǳ㷳תǣȹˡĶʣ߻ģûʲôϵ
Ů˺زţԺȻţ㢿˺زӭȥĸĸס
лţ˵£ǻؼҡ
ʲô¶Ȼؼ˵ǲ֪£㢻֪
б̣˾պ͸׶ȥˡСذ˵šüͷ
ز޻
һ仰˵üͷƽˣǰ˾ղԵģҲûɱ˵ɡ
Ҫɱʵ۵ˣʧȥĴ̫󣬲ܲȻȨգΪΪ
Ҫֳȥֵô󣬵ֻˣǲܲ١
£ȴɵˣһʱӦǴˣ˭Ϊһˡ
㢵֣СصĸҷżһСӡ
˵ˣزգգ۾뵽һܣЦЦصǼҪż˼ңҲ˼ǡ㢶ÿ˿
زҲôΪģͷգգ۾㢸ǲ˼ˡ
ĸ㿴ĸЦҡע⵽ز̳˸״˵޷ĸ뵽Ҫˣٹ껹Ҫˣû뵽㳤ô죬ĸġ
˻ز˵زǰôһˣҪĸֻǾۡ
ɼҵزĿ⿴㢣ֻЦû˵ȴĸ׷ģұزи׺ĸ׵Ρ
زЦ㲻̫ļ̤ʵز


127¶ע

ȻزĻ, ŬһЩ
ǣ㢵Сʵδϱôģ
ô벻˾Ȼ, ޱȵؿˣزǲһһӾ, 󶼳һˡ
ٵزȫû취˻, ԡ
Ȼġ㢻ûü, ʱδһֳ, ʵС, û뵽Ȼ
Ѿ߹˺ز̫, ˣְã
زλһְ, ĿӹεĻʵ˭⣿
õȻǴҶ⡣λӵòһ˳, Ҳôġ
زŮףЩԭܵġ
ַ̯ʵûܣֻм䴫仰
ǵ, ֮䲻˵ûŪԶʲô˼ʱ, 𴫸ˣһõĺӣ
زĵЦţزұ֤˵Щ, ָЩ˼СĺӶˣΪײŻᷴȻ
֣Ҵлģ벻μȻ˵ԼһˣǰҲ²¾˵¶
زһѲĪҪЩ˻ڣǶˡ
޲ɶԣģֻһЩĶȻҲܹóġΪһŻˣȻȵñ֤ЩǿԴģôżͻǲЩ
һӻ֪ʲô͵ģʲô㲻͵ģѵüһӣºͲ˵
εлƽݣ񡣶ǣºܶ࣬Щܻá
Ļش´һȦôСĺȴúѧϽѵãǲ֪ļҵȢؼΪڸ
ôŮǰ
˾пǧףûĸˡ
ܲٵŮ˵٣ûͬһҵĵ
˵ܲٶԲεĿؿɱȽܸӵλգǰ˸Լ
˵Ѿóһ㢵ǼҽҴһ飬ӵġ¾˵ϲľⱾ飬滹һЩĵطֻһֱûҵԸΪעˣ֪Ըעͷ񣿡
ѯʵǿ˺ز֮ݸû뵽û뵽Ůɼ˼Ҳôһ浹ǿʼ˼̽ӶСأ
ز㢣Щӵ죬ôǲôһ㣬þôࣿΪһһӵˣôСʱȫûκε˼ȫͬ˰
пǸпߵĲλڵ㢻شأµǲҪ˼һ𸴵İɡ
ۿ㢣Ѿˣѵ㢴һֱţһֱӦ
ҪͲ̫ˡûнӹͬھܾǲǰˣ
ǵİôСĺӶӵףŪҪǲСĳԹżôˣ
û£ҪĻ˺룬϶Ժ룬˭ǲܺģ
ξһ׼ջ򣬡ּȻԸգұûȥ㡣
ǲϡζ׼ˣû뵽㢵Ķǽһ죬ٵĴӲε򣬲ȷصֻҲų֪࣬ע͵òԵĵطᡣ
زҲΪԼҵĶǲģû뵽㢵Ķô죬һӱ㽫ˣζòӣزһһ¶Ӳ̫ţʧ˷ȡ
ҪʱעⲻزĿһ죬һС̫żԵʧˣĸĸ׵ǰʧ񣬴صеҪܷ
βŲ㢵ķӦжصзӦˣ˵ؽӹӦ£ǾǺõĿʼˣ
һתδĿѾﵽˣԲҪˡ
һ仰Ҫȡ׼ˣһܲ洫껰߰ɣ̫ˣô˵ΪŮˣȻС˵㣬뻹Ӧñһ¶δĽҪ
ֱͦŬԼô޺㢵ҵĽȻ֣ϣܴҰã˵һ˺ǻٲ۸䲻ޣޣұ֤ޡ
սСȭͷҪһӵӣôܿɰûа塣
˺زѵüôŮɣ̿
ЦĲһۿȥЦ˲㢣⻹Ǹһİοġ
ҵû˺زЦֻǳ㢵СȢҰʱѾˣʱҪԸ練ƣӾ֪ҲǺһɾ࣬ŵĽǰ衣
ô֪ɾŵĽǰ裿زôСĺӣ˳Ļʡ
βΪȻصʲôġµʱĽûпеġ
֪ЩУЩûУزΪһûпǿлûеһʣҪܶѧ㶫ûʲôá
δǰʱ򲻶岮н˵һ䣬˵һģȻͶˡ
Ļش˲Ŀ΢΢ЦʵŮɴϰ𣿡
ѧһʤҲơȷʵѾʼѧֻ̫Сˣѧûʲôɹĳһġ
˿ΣεĿᶨƺһѾ˴㣬ǰ·ôߣôߵøԶѾ·Լȥڲܲ׵ϣеϣڲܲ١
˼˼ѾԼûмŮɣСȴѾȷδķ֪ԼҪߵһʲô·ѵá
ƺԼ˵̫࣬е࣬챻ͬʣεô𰡣һȥȫ˲ϲ׾˭òܳ巢һ׷ܲܳġ
ںͱ˶Դζһһ׼˺زòӣ߰ɡ
̫ˣˣ֣ûб£иˡ߰߰Ҫ¶ˣþա
׮»ɲǳˣܹһ鲻롣
ס˾ո𣿡زͻȻ뵽һʣû뵽εҺͰס˾ո⣬ȻҪġ
գգ۾еԭ˲֪ܿ϶زһ֪ʦ֪ʦͽϵˡ
ز˵λڣʦͽõġ
Ѿ뿪زҲ˺뿪
˸̾ҲûиܵòδŮң֮
زһ٣˿ѵôˣκҵĹϵ˵ǲ˵أ
лҪ˵ҪǸ˵ҪˣǸ

128¶Ů

뵽, زǶסˣ˲, ʵôˣ
ĸףһɾǰ˵, ֻǶɾΪ֪, ĸ׽˵, ұĸסز˼, ˶ʲô˵, ʲô˵޷
ز˶زѾĵ, ҵĹϵǢҶ²ܽһ»ǲθϢ
û뵽Ȼ, ޱȵؿز֮Ц˸á
̾Ÿ, ز˶ԲεۣôصŮɣ, ԳΪ˵ɡ
дʵ۱д̵£ܲһȥŻ, ҵʱϾƣ֮ɫزһ仰ûʣֻǷ¡
֪ۻˣһ˯ȥ, ˯һ죬أһֱûѣزǰǵǶ£һֱû
˯һ³زԸ׼һ£˾ոƸʽ¶¡
ķԸزûʲô⣬²ôܻģֻ¶ѡ
áزӦ£ǰû˵ز߽סʵɾĪģνͷȻֱûµġ
óΪѣά֮ףز̫¿ԿóѾ˴ĿĶǲܲ٣żͲܼҽ¶£ϣܸͨһЩ˾ʾ
ܼһںܶ˿Ȼ֮ﲻǰһֱǸ侲ŵǺܶ˱ѧϰĶزǵ޵˯ţƺǰ·ǰδеĸе¡
ز֪ȰƺΨһֻ
ҴҶӺزϵغ룬ˣҪǴǰ˸Ȼ߸ӣԥһ䡣
ǣӶΪֻһˣѵñŮ˸ɣ
ǸǲܵģһŮزѾǼˣ˿ǣֵ춼ϲ£Ӷزӣڶ˿Ľģÿز念ЩϵԼǼãڿҲעˣزҲˡ
زĻʱ΢΢һ٣֮زͷãˣôĶŮˡ
˭ҲĽӶ˴ȤǲǶŮһ࣬˴ûһˣ
˭زĿûбжٵĺӣزһֱڵһλ
޶լ֪ΪĽЦ
ز˷ʱ򣬱ֹǼһֻһλˣûνǿͬһĺġ
ķеͬ
νլһ˵£Ƿ˫һŬĽ˵ڼٳ֣ǵɾȴȲĽӻһһŮˣŮ˶Ǻͷ˷ɷ򣬺Ķӷּҵģ˭ܲģ˭ܵˡ
ǲܣʼ֮ģԹ֮Ľôܻᱣּլģ㲻ң಻㣬㿴ƺլʵȻ
زһһĻ˵֮ͷȻҲ
ͬزһ˵ǣҲһ˵ļң޶˫ϣֻ໥ֻ໥İôǲһػǵļңػ˴ˡ
ǵĶҲýǣȢ޶ҪԺãҹɣ಻檡زȥ뵽Ķ̫࣬Ҫ˵ĶӲҵĹŮܸԼҵĶӳΪģϸҪҰɡ
ϲز˵زʱ˵һЩҲãԵԴӦüˬ죬ز⻰ȷص᲻̫̣
ãӲһ˵£Ӧ˵£Ӿ檣һ˶ӵ˺ô죿زΪºбҪ֣ж˷ԣΪӦҪҹ档
ҵ޷ֻĸײͬ⡣Сѣֻǰز뵽Ե˶ѣҪ֪¼ҹһ£һ£ﶼҪأТ޺Ϊ
˭ҲãΪôУΪüмҵǿǻƴһҪȥ¡
زһۿϽص磬Ƚ̺ţסҪΪҹ棬лдҹУ㿴Σ
ã⣬뵽İ취زӦ
ɾӺʹһİ취ˡز˴ӦҪһصģҪλදӣδԸ
ززҪպܼլͬģģҸΪлزز
ز֮ҡҡͷɾлңǴлҵ𣿡
ôһ˵Ҳԣʧԡ
زǰĸ첲ٹ㢶ȢϱţʱҾͰѼ½
һڴһӣҲΨززżսլȨȲΪɽһҪ˦ȥ
ĸˣֻѧĸ׵Ķѡߣһڣ齻ȥ죬ʲôطòụ̂ܽܺùһǲˣæҵĽ֣Ūһ㣬񲻶㢶زóΪ㢺õֻǵزģ뵽ӻСزҪտǣտǲҪҵȨ罻ȥҲá
㻶ϲáزˣ޶
㢶£ٶڷĻҲöˡӵ¶磬ԭΪز½¼ӵ£û뵽زȫû˼һűŵڡ
˺ˣزȻٳϯᣬò˵ҵĶȻС㢶£һزżļҵķˣǶһǶûˡ
һȺëûСƨôôܻӭأزż£ֻѶӵȫͷϣ¶ļҺãٳ档
˵زϵЩһвٵ˳òĺʾ׼ҡ
زΪ¶֮󲻶½˶ˣû뵽ûУⶼᣬӶһĳˡ
żزż
ĸ״ݻˡΣ֪زһ㶼żŮµģΪӻСҪΪܲĶͷ˾û취ܾزû׼Ŭء
زһ˲ǳŵˣܰѻݵ˴ɼˡ
˭ҵġӸ׵زżȴٶڷЩսĺǵ¾¡
˭ҵҪ
⻰زͬĵҪҲҪȼƷأƷأһЩ޷Ǽҵ˽ʱֻٹ֮ҽףֻ»˶롣


129ϲ

Բ, ȷʵĵزһĨ͵, زףһֱ³з, ҲҪزԭ
زһ̰ĵ, ǲ, ῼǳԶ, Ϊǰ֮Իٴǰ̡
ЩĺԼӪĽ, ҲزĹ͡
ǼҰŲ˾ˮǴߣѾյ, ʱҪƣɾܹ, Ǽ£ҲҪ, ֻ˰ģŻ˾ãǼн, Ϊ˾أΪɾ, ҲΪǼ¶ͬģ̰
زף˵þ͸ˣˡ
Եһҵģѯ, ȷֻŪһô졣
زһز䶯˶ƺ˼¸ôźá
ĸ׹ջţȻ˼⣬͵ѰſѺ˴¸زѡ
һĸȥ
ʱزٲҲֻȥˡ
֪زϲţϲμЩᣬǹغӵ£زܾ鶼ˣͦģֻǺ±˴ż
ز鷳ҶϱҪء
˵һ㶼ûӺŮ¶ҪĵģҪֲܣ˰æˡ
Ůܲ鿴ĻġÿһŮɶ߸˶ģӣܲز涨²ܽ࣬˲СֻĻ¿ԲҪزģ˻ǵزſġ
лɾĿοһġزƤЦⲻЦģõЦ
ֻزæϱȻҪȴżϵĵԽԽء
ܲսǲףҪݣܲٵĺڼиֽҪһȥεЩԽԽġ
ǰѰϹεТл豣֤һҪС
һػֵ£ġ
˵üǲ⣬ƺԼֵϡùҡЩÿ£ƽɫһŲ
ɫմк壿ҲͬһʱֵˣֻҪܹһֱģΪ˸ʲôĴҶԸ⡣Ͳһˣڣﻹֻһ󺺡˵Ρ
ǺһֱǵǺġ
κγףûҪģҲǲĵġΪһʼһߵڣֻŬسĿǰС
˰ˣ˽־ȰңֺαȰ㡣ֻǽ۵ġÿ˶һȥԹ޻ڡκཻ꣬ôû˱˽Լѡȥ·᲼һӣڣΪѣǻΪۡ
ԭһѡģѡõڸࡣ
£ֻһ˶У಻ĳԡ
ֳֻԣһֱһֱȥֱľͷ
䲻ĵʶҲ
˰ˣ޻̫ѣȻ׼ǰη㰴ȥɡҾµ˶ԸͬУܻһġʱĽ㣬˭иأһȫȫΪ㣬һˣǰ·жѣԸȥõһˡ
ز֮ģôһһ⣬Щģ֪ˣһĽ
ĻİˣԭҲԡ͹׮£ԭͬӵеģȴǹԼĽŪ̫ס
ĿʼעǴɩˣɩһһ㣬ֻҪ˵ĻģңƺҾһԵˣʲô˵ʲôұ⡣һҲڣտĸһ˵⡣
ţҾչǣԸܡϵѹĲαδԼһ죬٣˽ܲԹޡ
̿Υɻ
ǧʱֻʣһ֡
ġ̫ϻۣЩ괦ѹĥԣֻһСˣȻСʯ㶮ҵ˼
˵˽£ܵ˵˵ǹͬͽܣΡ
ѹŲβͬν̲εʶ˶ˣĶı¹ϲɡ
֪ͼˣʯԲ䡣
ǲǾú㰡㵣̫ΪݴԣǽôȴδأԼ˵㣬𣿡
ʵεģѾ˼̳ͽܣôܸһأ
һľģģѹŲΣһȥô;òιôأ׼˭û취ı䣬Լᶨˣࡣ
ѵõЦˣڹεҫ˳ֻЦҸ㣬ЦҲûã㣬Զõ
ӣһ̿θˣЦһ¾ˣȻһֱЦ̫ˡ
˵ʯ־ᶨϲòΪ˵Ļı䣬ѿϲ㡣Ҳóһʵε٣һͬһŬγѵãôʱߵĶǹΡ
ξԭʱȫ벻ˣȻ˭һ棿
̷ȥ棬Ҳֻ˾㡣˵滹ãһ˵뷭ûȻӳ̷֮ڣǿһλŮɣ
λֵ㲻Щ²һۻ֮ضܱ֤˼㲻ø𣿡
Բ˵ûеֻǷŮɣɾ򻹻˴̷ŮɣһҴȥ
Բӣû˴ȥٵľѵûаֵۻ̷ࣿۻĵطˣʵȻĲ׽ۻĶ
ε뷨Ǿ£Ǵҵģÿ˵Ľ̵ʽһòδȻܰǿ˵Ȼ෴Ľ̵ȫû֣ˡ
ͬѲ⣬Ҷ֮ۻࡣ
εҪǸжʵͦá˾ǿس幫ӣҾҪɾñȳ幫Ӹ˾ջϲ
֪ɸġɾŮɵģѾˡ
ߣҪĽбһĴǬһھȪ֮໶ϲ
ξǲǾò˲ӦñûԶӦá
ûôߣӣΪĵӲףǲξΪӣȻΪθ˵һ㡣


130¹

͹̸, ˽̸£ǹܲó, Ҫȣ˼, ֻȥ, ½Աϡ
ͬܲٳ, ʤ, ȻûܻŻ, յϢʱȫɵˣǰһ˾Ȼˣ, Ӣš
ܲʮֱʹ, 涼޵òԼ
֪ܲʹʧĲ, ˽Եܲٲбɣǲܲٺγ飬һлֱ˵, ϲʲôʲôҲΣཻ, Σ֪ܲʧȥεͬʧұ, ܲʹ
󣬹ε޶Щ˾һأºûмǲġ
ز֪еѹӣʹЩǸĲˡ
ʶζ꣬زδޣȥܵҪ˷飬һֱܹζˣڳ֡
ز˵ʱȫסˣԼѾˣĲվڹǰȫ˵һ䲻
֮һ⣬Ȣ˴ˣȻ˷򣴨ô꣬ҷ޸鼫ļʽ
ֻزҲˣ˵ȴ̫Щһ֮ԣһɨزƲסһ
ز𣬹ȥʱҪտĸӣӦǧټԳĹˣز档
زĶæȻӦˬ졣
û뵽һűʾԼ԰æʱҡͷһƬˣεҪѾˣһֻǲ뿴˹ᣬι涨ֻҪҪذ켴ɣ檷ģҲͷ㡣
زû뵽ԼžȻ˾ܾ˸ɴ࣬Ŵ˻ûѾȻأһС˼ܰףزǿҪæǰɡ
㣬ʲôҪ檰æģֻܿڡز˼ŻҪһ䣬һǰΪѵ£һʱûܹϣӦôֵǰɡ
ԭΪԼ˵̫Ҫȥô˵ҵķ˶һЩԣǶԼλˣ軵ƢӦøǡ
زûаŭ⣬ϵ˵̧ۿ˹ȥżִ
ͻȻ˶һزЩ֣ﲻף
ŵﲻ̫Ծ˻ʳһ䡣
檷Ժ⣿زһǱ˻
ôأ
Ȼ˵˷Т²˰ģҰæز˦뷨ʲŵͷ
šӦһز
һʲô˼أǵôİزʣҪԼˣǲǲߣ
ز׽εԼ
Űæģ˱̬ԼҪæȻǲҪԿǰɡ
زվһۿ˵Ҫߵزӹ˵ɣж߰
زһΪʲôκ͹ҵϱȫͬӣһ룬һǧ֮⣬޲˵һ־һֵѹ˴ղһ
Ȼû£ȸǡز˼ߵ˼ƤٺҲû취վȥֻʵʵˣƺڵȵز⻰ˣԵЩؿڣ߲͡
زŵʱڷ˼ǳö಻ϲȻһ˰Ͳ̸ţ
Ҫ̫ϲĻӦŶýɣ
زҪǰ˼·һ룬һԼô˵ǽ˸ţ˵˺̫£˼ܻûаѻ˵һ˿棬ӦҪлл˼ң
ƽһű˰ͲøϽˣز
εɥ¾ȷıʾҪزæزźţҲϸŷҪȥæǹҪֲʱɹȥܰһѾͰһѡ
ҪͰҪͲ֡زֻǾԼ°ˡ
ƺ֪£ѰһززʱݼΣ׼뿪ͻȻϣزŵһ΢һ٣֮Ӧ£
ֻЩ棬һˣԴ𣬲Բ𡣡ֱ˵ÿԡ
زԼĺܹܲҲɣ
ûû£Ҫǹܣ¡⻹Բشģˡ
ʲôֻʡزϵؿڡ
ƺز̬ȣշ˵ҪæΪλ˵Ϻţ
زû뵽Լƽһα˶¾ȻΪæеĸһʱ֪˵
ҼɾТЩ飬˵ԽĻҲ÷Тֵܿˣǳ˲࣬˵˾ʿһЩЩֻо̵ʿδؾز˵£ӦýͻӦýһǰɡ
һ´زһȦʵҷѾܾİæ㲻𣿡
زҵ£㲻Ұ¡Ϊ㣬ͲԾܾ
ҲԸĺðɣزɴǵĿˣΪԼ˲ˣʾҪæ˼ԷͰͰ͵վҪлİæ
û뵽زôȤˣٰȷʵǰʶ˰ɣ˵жٸһٸоʮŸæҾӦøм㣬ûʹңҪǲҪİæ
زҲðҪæǰæ˲ϲģǲаæǽаﵹæ
˵λŵʱûȥң˶ղʱ⣬ֱ̬֮ȣزֹסز˲ǴУǵУԸҸȥ³
룬ƹô˵ˣӦǲԸȥİɡ
ֻ˼˼ط룬ǿڹεķϡ
áû뵽һˣȻӦ÷ˬ죬زһ١
룿һʳšü
زϽҡͷǲǣֻΪܾġӦҺܲ졣
ǧᣬزɲûгˣȻˣȻġ
˿زǲ̫˵ģΪԼһǽˣͷһװģˣô
ҪԼʱزһͨͣԼҪǿزǾܾġ
ȸæһȥߺáƺﵽĿˣԳز΢Ϳͣز
˼άҪ˰⵽ʲô˰̫˴ֲ˰
ƺԼѾͿɵĹزʱʲôֻ뿪ͽزԭء
ΰΣΪŮ˵Ҷ׽͸ҷ˵뷨֪ѹҲֲ뷨


131¶ʼ

زùŪͿ, ϻع˲Ըæ£صز, ˼һɴ࣬Ըǰ㲻Ҫ, زȥ, ڵӡ
ٱ˶, ʾյÿջҪǼ, , زȸ˵˵ɡ
û뵽εķ˾Ȼӣسز˵Тɥһʱæ, æ껹ҪТͷТĸ, װװӻҪġ
Բ٣زҶŪ뷨
Тһû취Ū, οǡ
ز䲻ưοİοûסؿ̾Ƕ࿴, ҪæĵطǶžǣǲعܡ
һȫû, زͷ֤Լȫġ
εƺòܲٺѹΪնʮѹ֣Ѿ˼, ٶڷĻһǰһ󶼶£û뵽˹ε¡
Ҳʶģ򣴨ʱʱͣĺѣô껹ཻʱҲˣһ
û뵽ô˾Ȼûˣҵ˻˵ȹε¹һʱ˵
µܲٶѹ˵ûΪӦΪĵز˭Ҫڳ͢ٵģǲǵһ²ܲٵϲŭǲܲٲ˵£ȷԼȷκε⣿
˵ԭɵ£µ˶ΪôһС뻹ǹԹԵĵš
ڵȵ꣬ȻȻĲãѾѣز׼һ£ȥס
ףȥѾȥĴѹٲԸܣȴòܣ
ãһ֣زţһֱû˵
˵Ժ뿪ʱزս֣ذɾѹҪԶסТǾԶļסһӰ
Ӧһһȥ̫˲⣬룬ΪʲôʧȥʱŻᶮһ˵Ŀɹ󣿡
ɾһֱТͦãһֱϧТûκ𼰷Т£Тġز͹εĵΣཻ꣬ͬţôһ߹·໥ֵ˽죬ڻúõģѾˣȥʱǲŲᣬЩ֪ò𰸡
ززҪҵǰ档
һ仰¶ĴĲϣǰ棬Щ׽ˣõˣϣǶ֮󣬾˽һأɡ
ز΢΢һ٣ã
ҪزԴӦģ˵óõߣˣȥ
ٶڷһ£زǼСĺӣ˼Ź˶ٽڸңϱ
ЩһֱźѧϰûԴڲʲôʦͽ֮ĽеĽ
λῴһҪ飬Ҫǿ֮ʲô⣬ԼһЩУԼʳһشε⡣
ܶʼزʱ򿴵öûסʵɾÿڣΪξͲԳ̵ģ
εزҲһˣز±˼
ôĸ֣ز΢һ٣ôĴûҳ̵ززľȰɣ
ܾȣ̫סˡز˵ĶĻôСסһ￴飬ҴûҪڿΣزԼܲˣҪʦɡ
زȻͲε࣬ǲܼ棬̲ΣһֱֵԭزΪѡ
Тԣʯ̾˵ţزߵۣ㻹Ը⵱ڿΣ
ЦЦֹһˣҽãҪѧģ˻ġ
ȫûҪĵ˼زֻһ仰褴ƸǣһԸһԸɣ
زЩ˵˼ưģ̫Ѳˡ
ززز£㶯˼ˣôᶯ˼֮㶯˼ˣ㲻˼áοĻزǲ˵ˡ
ˣˡز׼ˣٲҪԣͻȻسزû˼㣬׷ʵ£
ˣ˸ǰǶǲˣһ𡣡˰˱ĻϽĸززһվô£ǰû˵
ʵзԷֻû˵£Ҷüãȫûб˷֣ڣʵڲˣ˹
زԭΪЩûмˣǶ˹úãЩһֱܺãǾͦõģģڶ˲ʱǲΪѶ˵ģû뵽ͻȻϢز㶼վס
زززʧ̬Ͻסززɾȥȥͻء
ززȥ
ʱزļ٣زһ˹ȥôܷģæסزȥ
زͷʱûа취룬ֻǼڸȥ
˵ԺʱѾǰûнϾɾ˵ĸﲢûˣɲŵģǲԸ˿࣬ᡣ
ˡزʱź򶡷˵˿кᣬزڡ
γزһʦزͷûжԣֻǰȥˡ
˰ϣȻɫ԰ףʣǰöѹƺѾȥʱ˿̵زЦֵҾ֪ġ
ô᲻ǰزôܻ᲻أô겻ͻȻ˴Ƕӣزˡ
ôЩûм㣬һʼǲ֪μ㣬ҲΪʼɡǲ֪ںܶ˵һ˶ʼɵ˰ɣ˵ز΢΢һ١
㲻֪ӣֻ˵֮䣬ǲһġҺͰʶ÷ԭΪذͷһޣҲĹ˵ˣزûнӻ֪˻˵ȥġ
Ȼ˵ʱţҰĳģҲ˵Ȼң֪ѾˣǵĲܰһֶܰѣϲôͺҪȥȫĨȥ
벻ΪʲôҪĨȥûôڣôδ
ͬŲһ뷨زʵЩʹ˾𣿡
ʹģ˵˲ܻڹȥ˲ֻʹһΣ෴ǺܶΣÿһεõĴ𰸶һģһö˸಻ǵΪʲô
ز˵ȥѾȥֻǰԸ󿴡
лҪ˵顶Ʒ֮ҼҶǻʵۡһְ֧

132

˿زǵ, ô˵ģ˵ȥһ޷ı, Ψһǰǰߡ
Ҳ, , ֻǰ߶, ѵҪǰһĨɱ, ʲôǲҲҪĨɱһУǲҲٲ, ǲҲ뽫ҴδĨȥ
һؼʱѹʱһؼҵʱΪ, ҪĨȥҵһУ, ң˵, һȥҵѾˡôҿԽԽŮˣÿһ, òΪŮ, ΨһߵڣߵԭΪңҪҡ
ôѾҪˣôһʲô
ڲܲߵԭ뿪ܲߵԭֱ, ˰ܲ٣ñ΢
ԣ޵һˣҪñȡ֮һֱǻһˣֻһ˺ãǶŮӶʼɵĶҺᵽﲻټ㣬һΪΣܰһӵģΪҪӣԶΪٻصߣˮգ˶ѡ
˺ǣ뿪֮Ҳٲͷֻб֤Լ᲻ϵ󿴣ȥһ׷ЩѾʧȥһУܿĿ
Ȼ뿪ǵһȥˣжһ޶һˡزû뵽˻뷨
ԼˣǻֻͬҲҪһԶټİɡ
ôѣô࣬زȴӵһУһ˲ʼԹޣ
ʼԹȴܹ֮Ĺϵס˺ˣֲԼ̫ۣ̫ʹõİ취Ҳ
زûаֵ֣οסز֣زȥɶ˽š
ܽѣáʲôģҪôһ£زûйֹ˵£̸Ϲزļǣôûزﻹǵ֪ѡ
ز˵֮ˮŮѵͲһ£
ͷǣȻǾӣȴҲо֮¡һ̹䣬ģǾԱȾкβɣ
ôĲЩίѹһ̸Ҳڡ
ΰݵΪʦĸǽʲôطҪæģ㿴ཻһķϣܰͰһѣǲܰ㲻ǿ󡣡˻ǿ˲ܲһӣǵǿʲôǣǿκ£ȻСǲܲٻڣҲỤסԼġ
ز᲻ﵽΣֻǲԸ⻹ǲԸزɲԼ
áһҪز붼ûӦˡ
˵һ㣬һһѡûԹޣв
زŶһЦûйϵģûйϵ
Ϊʲôδ˺ˣԹ޻Ҳδ˵ûȨ˺زѵǴزѣŻ
ȻཻһЩЩԹ޺Ͳ֮飬ĽǶʼɵУɲɿסܲսʤЩһ˵ı¡
˽ز֣лл㡣
ܺزཻⱲزѣˡ
زһֱڶ˵ǰŶ˯زվ߳ȥĲιسزһҾлʦһˡ
ҡͷز㲻ˡ
밲οεģصʦذɣҰҪˡ
ʱܲٲܲˣزﷴãز˼
زһҾزӶ˵Ժ伫ˣû뵽ſڲҲܲٷ糾͵һҾܲٻֵ±ذɡ
һ仰˵ֱȥûֻǰزػһزز
ǲˡزʹ˵˰죬ؽز§ڻһҡ
ĺӿز׼˵ӭȥȴز˶û˾һ㣬һ֪ǺãڵǶطȥĸЩʱĪҪ֪𣿡
ѯţ㢿ǳ֣ͷص׷ģһῴõܵõġ
Ϊֵ˾Ҫˣزԭ밲سЦһЦȴЦһЦѡ
سززúϢڡ
㣬ͻȻûˣǶ֪׷ʲô¡ز뵽Щȥһˣѹˣ᲻֪֮ĲЩҪȥˡ
زļϣɾʲô˵ҿһɣɾߣشһ
סһȥˣܹ֤Ļֻһѡ
ûκ飬˵һá
زļϣ˯ţȴʲô¶ʲô˵
ΪȻϢᴫٲôģû뵽˰ҹһ˼ɾˣˣȥˡ
ǵģȥˣزһõ֪ˣȥɡ
ȥززܣһףôϲ˾գʱϣĪڣʱ˾ܹߣһֱһ̡
˾ж˵ġ
һûлɹزûôѹȴǰűŮˡ
ĸĥ˵ģ޷ܣģôôģزն˵дһݶʼɣʵγ̫ܲ٣ȴһֱûа취زһõͬһرѹģȴı䡣
±ӣԸټ˾յģһˣⲻҪ𣿺ҪΪŮ˵֧֧ȥһһ˵ֻΪǷ⣬ֻҪڣá
ز뵽ܲٵĶ˻Ͳܲ˵ʲôһ˰ٰܲñ΢ʧȥңܹѹҾܲ٣ǸʱĲܲȴԸ⡣
˰İɣĪ˵ǸŮˣĲˣһռһŮˣһһֻһˡ
زļ磬زķŭ÷ʱزҪֻҪ˵еŭȫй
붡˽ãۿŶôôŲܲٵģ񶡷˲ˣЩѹֵ̫ãõö޷ٿơ
ȥˡֻزģ£һȥ
ҪȥҪһ룬Ľô죿زΣĲµزĲεġ


133ɾô

ȥ, ܲһֱڶ˵ߣ, ˻Ըİɣ˶, в, вܲ, һɷ, һŮ, ϣһֱߵˡ
زҹ֪ȥϢ˽գѾˡ
˶˵ĸۡ, κͲܲٽظ䣬ò, ܲٶԴТԿڲܲٵﶡ˵Ҫ
˶Ǽʹ, ˵ٵô࣬ûԼһõˣҪòܲٿ, ǽòĺôһ÷ĺû᣿
زߵǰ, زǰͶ˽õ֪˲٣˵Щ˵ˣǲܲҲãҲ, زǺܿģԴزԵòһˡ
Ϊ֮˻ֱˣ¶һȥܲٺͲλǨŭһȴ̫뵱ȻˣܲٺͲβûŭ⣬ƺĴмǲȸ׵Կزĵһ뿴Ц侮ʯһѣȴٶ
Ҫչ˺Լ㰢ȥĲµ˾㣬֪𣿡ز궡˺ߵεǰͲضһ䣬һܰ¸ˡ
εͷ۾޵úˣˡ
ʧȥĸ׵ĺӣͬʧȥ׵ʱ򣬶һıˡ
Ͳ̸ܲһЩ£ƺ̸Ķǹ£̸ˣ߹ز߰ɡ
֪زʹʱ򲻱
زֻΪݶˣԵ£ܲٻðɡ
û￴ϵˣܲٻǵöϲʲôһвڣεţǲܲٸʱŮŪլεһӦ
زһ뿪عͷﲻûסص˾վʹ˴Ҫʲô𣿡
˾˵ܵĸһУһжǶҪġƲܲٵ뷨ܲٲǲ֪˵ģֻʱװԼʲôֻ֪ǸһΪøģȴԸǻ᲻ǶҪġ
ʧȥ˶ˡ
ûز˵ʱֻزҲȷʵֻѿܲеѹѹΣڻŵʱ򲻸ҪģҪ뿪ʱ򣬲ٰܲ취ö»صߣζ˲ס
Ѿȥ˺γһַʽܲ٣ΪòܲԶʹš
زе֣ûмزģεһ̾زһ뿪ɡ
˵ƺزĴܴزͬƺѶʱһ㷢Ȳϣһλͳˣز㲡²齣ǻù꣬ǻزܸһ˹ʱһΪҳһš
ˣܲһĻһ
ز
ôôŶ󣬻һӣôܳȥͲ£Ͳ¡زסŲǿܻµĻ˵Ҫסס˵ԵĲܡ
û˵ԻãҪһ˵Ǻã
زסˣǲôĵصĲçײˣȻߣȫ׼İɡ
ʲôȫ׼һ˳ȥģ¶ûزνȫ׼һûŮȥͷ
ޣ˵õĲ˵ôָ˵ˣģּġ
С书ȴ
˵һˣʱ˾ո˶޲εãǸĺӡ
书𣿡زǲ֪˿ССģû뵽Ȼǻ书ˣѵã̫ѵˡ
˾ոλϼѣǲٵġЩĽ鲻ʶôλ˵ģزı¿ȷʵ
زǲ̫˾ոġ
ɾ˵Ļһŵġز˵ˣı
زһ㲡أģز̫ûһжŵһˣŲáһܿõġ
϶ҩζˡ
ɾˣԭһҾôȾҩζءزһͨüŪ۵ʡ
ϲززֻҪززãززݲѬ㶼áزֵӣִŶظزֻز
زҲ֪ԼЩ˷ķˣ￪ôҩزԣڶԲãﶼóͷ
áӦһزԼһֱڴϲ붯Ǵ⣬ҪãӦöද
ΪΪһֻҪٲѬԸ⣬ز͵úİ
زˣ˿ӵӣЦҪϢزһϢزûӦ
㢶ͲСˣʱ˰ɡزһǣز
ǲСǵ㢲ŶʮأվУҪ
زκƺû뵽ͻȻһӳô󣬴öԳɼҵˡ
˿ز˼Σ˾ոǱ֪㲡ţЩһϾһˣһ׮׮ɥϵڡ
˾ո𣿡ز뵽ܲΪȥѹݣŶþͼżŮˡ
˵ѾȥܲΪӶˡ㢶ᣬܼҵŮɸǲСˣȥҲֲǡ
ĶָΪҪİɣز˵˼꣬ʲô֪¡
áĸ׵ܵҪزģѣ㵽ֹزǸúӣ֪
ظʱزֱʵǳʲô𣿡
ûͷûԵһʣƫƫףֻӦûʲô¡ġֻ㢶ᵽˣһϣӶˣȥŮΪĸТĹز٣ǶѾ˾պ룬˾ҲңԶ˵˾ճκιϵ˵ġ
˵ˣز̾һѡš
˾պἰʣµͱɡһĹȥ˵û˶һˡ
幫һȥǲا£ܳ겡ʣҲ֮󣬱Ӹܳ衣
˾ϲĸǲֲزѣ˭֪
ĲɳȴԶΪʺȴ޷ƣ˾վϲ뽫֮λܡ˵ơ
㢶һͲֲáλاǸﲻɳӵˣˣһ˵ġزţó׽סϸڣһЩ֦ĩСԿóһ˶ʲô顣
زɾôģ
˾Ӹ̣ǿѡһ˾ģ˾ûѡˡֻһ˼ڲاϣΪֻһ̳вܲ٣ܲٲں޴ˡ


134Ҳ

幫֮, ˵⻹ǣЩزһֱû, Ѿ˵ϣزһʱҲǿƲס
⻹Ϊ֮, ˾ղ׷, ôֻ⡣
Ծô鲻һҪٳͬ飿Ϊ֮, ѵٽ, Ͼܳ嵱жܳ˲֪, ܳ˲ܲٻǲܲ飬ֻܷŹǸ, ȴΪΣ
ܲвܲԭ򡣡ûΪزͣ㵽ֹ, ز׵ģز̾, ӿô
ΪȻصҡ
ǵģһжǶǱ˼ҵ, Ҫ˵йϵôһ㣬ʵҲ̫ࡣ
زǡ
һͬ, 󻹻һֱȥǻֵöԷεˡ
ипز׽ʱ׼㢵Ļ£ϾܲλȨص˽Ϊ׼, زǵһԲٰ£ڣɩŰæҲ֣ڶ£ȴ¡
ãչ󣬰շգǳ͢ﶼ̤ʵ࣬ͦã
һգҵܼȥཻ˾Ǻֶ֮ʿ
Ҫæ¶ˣΪҴ磬κγ棬˶ûһˣ׽ŻᣬܷŹ
زһһ߹ʶĲʶģһϲҲֻЦӦ£л˶ѣڣ˭ʲôҪͬϲ£ͻͬĺǡ
ȿò࣬ۿҪӻˣǱǰزȥǶ˸׼ˡ
˲ƶزϥӣûʲôԿվһ𣬺Щ˶ѰۿŮģĿˣÿһԸԳˡ
زߵǴʱ˶ڣΪļزЦЦ֣زȻȻĽֽУǰȥǸսŲõϱزǽյ˫֣Լҵɾĸĸ龹Ȼã
ȻЩţǴںܶǴŰˣûġ
ǣĸЩ꣬ûкһĸãĴӣ㿴˰ĸ˵⽻Ǵ˰æĸ
С˵˴ĻʱҲǾò˼飬⻹ǵ
˵õɷǣ˾ӵأ
ЩСһ仰˵ֻҪһۣĵֱģȫ޷ȻΪزţСǴܰæ˶æȣ̫Ǿˡ
ĸҪĸˡС˵ĻŮĻòʱ򣬶زˡ
治Ǹÿֻ룬Щ
ȿȡ˵еˣһԵûסؿһһе˲Ҫ˵̫ˣҪǱǰȻû˻ˣɲ
յס죬ٶԣ˵Լ¡
زִãѾӭǰ
ĸסزæ񣬴ϲӣ˱жˣͷصãʱˣҲ쵽ˣ߰ɡ
߰ɣһȽȥҪ˵زһǰ˽ȥ˸ûϲ
ٶڷĴС棬СļǹļΪΨһŮңֱ˵ĻȺ˵һĻɩɩÿ
һÿЦˣͷҲÿ
Ůɣһÿ˼ҵĺӲ
Цеģϲ֮һϲӭŵڶزһߣӭڶ䣬һ޶԰ݣزһֻص޸ʱû뵽һգ۶ʮȥǵĺӶѾ˿Ȣˡ
붴һлززע⵽һĿ⣬˳񿴹ȥȻزһЦ
زһЦ֪ز£еĴʯˡ
붴زæĿ˶࣬һæֱҹ˶öɢˡ
ƽôԸƣȴǲһȶ࣬ͨͨģĿЩ룬Ϳ˶ƲסزϰٶֻСѣʮ߰ɾܷɣĸ׵ĺӣȴѵصԶһЩҪҡ
ܵԸ״˵ٶ̫ȷػһĸףز㸸ײϲ˽Ӵֲǲ֪ͺã߰ɡ
ٶǱˣ
ΪӣȻ˱ˣ̫ģ̫ѹ˰ɡ
زӵɨҺ㸸֮䣬Ǳˡ
ôˣǱˣ˭ȡ֮ڱ˴˵Ҫԡ
ĸܷŸ׻ȥ𣿡ٶû취أز˵õһ㶼ûҪز޹ϵĻǱˡ
ˣӲôѣزǺ棬ٶø̫һĿģˣٶľɲСǼܺȾƵĶõġ
ٺýӻпܺİɣ˵ǰɡ
زһʳٶһ׹ˣǰˣҪΪˣô˵ĺͿ
ĻɲززǷطȫǸ¶
ĸ͸ߡٶ뾡Тģϧײ⣬ĸ׸ΪӦˣ߰ɡ
زûһۣȥٶ÷ĸĸܺãã
򷢶µĶһöزطûæܲס׶ӶܾزǶðæ
òڷصϣزֱ˯ˣززԡ
ƺԡɾԡزܡ
Ѿȥ׼ѾɾһȡزѵüǾú档
ʲôƵˣ˾ˣˣƢزء
뻹ʲôɿ˵زģֻһ֣
Ҳزһ䣬Ҳ˲پƣ϶ûô࣬ƵأѵҵᾴƻܾܾǶõ£ܲ׽סᡣ
زΪŮ죬ƺģһѵŰȾƣǴ˵˭Ҳ̫Ϊز
˺Ⱦͳɣ˭ȶԱ˵ʵҲһġ
ز˵Լʱšüͷƺ꣬زǲġ
ɾҲ㣬ռˣûһɾ㡣


135ɾ

ƺõ˰ο, زȷʵ𣿡
㡣庢һزûأ
оЦ, ͻȻؿزϲززҵ, ֻһ, ޲ðһжҵ񡣡
΢΢һ, زʵɾ֪Լҵʲô𣿡
һһ, , 룬ƴһе
ȻҲزͬصͷЦ, 洫޵ˣѾˡ
岻ֵ, ôźزҲ㴳ȥ, һ䣬Էһɡ
زɾĪˣѾ, ܻǵѺԡܺ֡
ƺ˶Ҳ˵, ľһͬûУزܲСġ
޶Ѿ߽زϽӹҡͷǲ붯, زεǰɾ
ǶƢأʱزززιҡ
زܵؿޣǶ͵ЦزڲʱʱܴӦȥԡټ˵
ãɾȡزô죬ֻغӦҪģιѾֻôѡ
زӦɸˣزŪͺ
һغû֣ǹԹԵ˯ˡ
޴زӹʱûܿסЦˣز֣㻹Ц
ɾͷ˸ãūΪɾͷ˸أôͲЦˣʵǺ£زǲ˼ˡ
زֵȥȥȥǼҵλõһĽ˼˵ҡ
ǶȲɾͷˣʮһա޷һ뿪ز׽ס˻һ䣬˶ܹˣĶȥ
㣬ϢҪջҪˣȻ֪˰ˣ
زͷ˯£һֱ
ѵ磬ϰߣƶĲˡ
ȵѾãԴֻʹ̫ܡ
ɾˡ뾪زæһ죬ҶˣزȻûѾͶ˯
زӣزѾ۾ؿָĶͷʵɾ£
¡ܿ϶ظزûµˣز˱ˮ
ѬˣʱҪԡźǼʮˣλǰˣ˵ˣͽ׼õˮϣزˮžԼڻˣϵľȷʵŵúܡ
һԡ£زʱѾڴȢޣΪ׵ڼңѵõС
ЩûѬˣյԼز껹ְֽѬģû뵽һжȥʱֵĶȻúÿ
ززز߽ͻȻͣ£ˣͷزһۣվǰ
زЦ߹ȥɾ㣡
ܹǰһ˳زˣֻŲΪ⡣
սزϵ㣬һϵζǷֲһ㡣
ɾѬ㣬ϱǸѬˣҪ𣿡زЩǼʶŮϲѬ㣬ѬģϲѬ㣬Ƕ
ֻһζ˵ָζǶһǵöôӦĻ
ز붼ͷʹȴظģ֪֮ϱ¡
ϲѬ㣬˲֪˲ʱҪǸ㣬ǻţҺദˣ
ܲٲ¶Ůһ˵Ůҵġ
زڿڶЦɾ˵ǡɾǸ˰ɡõĸ״ˡ
˻ؼǺãЩһˣ˼ҵĵĸͰ͵ź±ˣزأزſúȥѰˣû˶ν
˵ǲ֪˵زĺã˵ģǲ⺢ӵˣǻɡ
ǺӵĸףٺףﶼǹزģƺһزǺǣǷޱ˴˲Լϵˡ
زĻ˵ûʲôԼˣȥҪѧԼ⣬ҪһƸ˰ǽ
㢼곤ĵѾˣ׵ļǻеֳĻŴţûʲôǲѰز
밲£˼һҪҵز⣬ǶǶϣ˵زҪʰǲǻҪ밲ˣһȺܺܰ춼Ʒˡ
ززΪҸ¡ſ˫ۣزΪ£㶼Ѭˡ
áزӦһȡѬõΪѴϡ
Ȼز˴ʱһȺӳһ㢣µ˶ڣΧ˵Żǽһ֡
ףĸסۼ˿زϽʰز׶Цߵ˵ǰһĸף˵Ǿò٣Ϊˡ
һشƣЩѾ
ͷɾʹΪĸ˹Ķӵģ֪һϲƵģһα˹ˡ
ʹʵ
˳ز۵صҲֻ㣬ޣÿķŽչ˵á
ز䶯˶̭أزɲܸţɾģʲôʲôʲôʲô
㾡˶軵ˡʲôʲôѵ㾡ϲԵģʲôʲôⱸµġ˴ǰΪӼãǿزľֻܸ̾۹⣬ŮҲ
زֻǺЦĸĸ״׺ãΪҲĸ׼ãǷ֮
һСӻ֪ʲôз֮ˣΪΨһŮɣ˼һֽ̳ģزѬգĴо֮磬ÿλŮɣһˡ
öˣĸĸ׶˵ȻõġҲСˣѾʼΪˣֻΨһŮ飬ѡؿһʱ
̵֪̾Ǻ»ǻ¡
ȻǺ¡֪ö࣬ѡҲͶ࣬ڱ˱ʮһŮ˵ģѮεҡҡͷزѵصĪҪ󣬸üƽϵķҪƽϡ
΢üͷǲصкοɼƽϵģƽ϶һЩƽϣ㲻¡
¼ƽϣ಻²ƽϡ
˵ˣ˼ȥǾЩΪѣѧŰķִ磿
ɾһһ˵Żڽˣصǽ


136¶ŮЦ

¸, ܿҾͿԿ֦ɢҶ˵, εĲǶãһ̫̫ƽƽġ
λ, νλȨ, ٽһ, ֻƽƽĴһ졣
㢺Ͳܽಢ, Ǻ, һҲǣЩһֱ˵ֽ֮, ۣγ˽һ˵ĺð취, زǾòܽǸˣҲһѵõĴˡ
ָһԵλ, һ߹ȥ£زӦ߹ȥҲ¡
Ųܽе˵ǰ, ϱݼĸ
úúá¸ž, ˵㢲˵ĳȴĳӣ˿ɼңǻϲ
˶˲, ޶˽˾һ˽ӹˮ£ǸһĿĻϲΣ֪Ҳ˶Ӷɼҵͣ뵱Ȣزʱ죬һգѾȥôˡ
лĸ˵ĺ˽ǵлزǰŲ辴ϣزǺزص㢶㽻㣬úչ޺ʲôҪ
ܽ޺ĸϺͨͨģǸߵģɵӦ£㢶˼ңҪһҪԳֹأɶԡ
زԣɶԣ˵ʲôˣ
Ȼɻȴᵱô˵ʳ
ΪϱĵܵǡزʱĲ⣬ȥȫԼҵȫˣҲöȥţ˵ǰܽ඼ңΪҵˣյݺͽղͬȻҲǲһġ
ٶڷ㢼üŪۣ㢵Щ
ڷϽؽӻǼʱˣҪ˵ˣϵһǿɲϵڶ
㢲û˵ⲻĻҭһǱ̫ݣȻȵɻʱǺÿġ
磬ɲǰ˶پƣǹӾţǵʱǶˣˣ㻹ֶǵ¾ƣʱ򡭡ۿ˾ˣһĳλҪ̫⣬Ͼûô򵥡
ɻǹȥ˲٣»أźá
磬㲻ȢϱСһֻһ仰ȽϷϣܾò̫ԣֳǵĺá
زѾˣı˳˳
ô˵Ǵµ˼ࡣĸǶЩֵܵ˵ȢϱֵܡڷһȲ˰ѻһ˵ܽ඼֪ôӻĺá
磬㲻˵ǰɩ˰ַǸ㼱ɡ
زͬʱųɨڷɲŭػֵ֮ܶǧĹ͡
Ǳ벻˾ӵġ
ΪСĺӣ߰ͣǺʱҡԴĸײ˵Ȣϱ絹Ǳĸ׸
ι˵ģ˵ġôѴȫͷˣڷŲ̫Ծֲ˵ģôһжĲˡ
ӵ˵ģҲֻΪܽ㻰е˼кβף
գĴ۾ڷȻܽôһ仰ΪΪڷ˵˼ˡ
һʮҵĺӣΪǲôŵҲڵ磬ҲӶĻͷܽģ˵ķ˵Ļ
ڷתͷǣƺѯʣǴ۸ˣ
ϧ˰һ߯޹ƺ˵ô۸ˣԼ˵ʲôû
ʱĵ˺ˣˣ绹Ҫɩȥݼֳأȵٺʹˣڲһʱ
㢣ڷ˵ˣôתͷˣô£
ԶԶԣʱŹһɩȥݼǻˣҪôˣǵ£żżڷǽһϵĸͣܽȫŪ״ΪǶҪˡ
زˣٺҲҪиȣĪɩš
óܽȫɵˣ֪ôһ£㢽͵صܵպҺֹˣûɣ
ѯŲܽ࣬ܽҡҡͷܼҵֵܲ٣곤ЩֳоЩԶ׵һЩϲǽһ棬ǰһеһ£ǲһԸ׽ԼԼġ
ҺͲܼҲһºֵܼҲûô߰Ĺء
ܽǰ˵Լҵĳֵܽö͵ˣΪǲǿǽһġ
ûСԾеģŵǲڣڷɩôС̫Сˡ
ȥȥȥˣɩȥҰݼزһڷھ;ʹֹ̳ȥҪˣΪõδزʱֹڷϡ
ڷɲҲزĻûһԻţ
죬ĸײһµ£ǵ˸ףµ£Լˡ
һڷʵˣȫû㢺Ͳܽʲô˼㢴Ųܽ೯Ǹȥ
ز˵õĻ˴Ȥصѵڼңززɡ
ҲĸסһҪز̵һ
ӶҪĸףǲĸûزڣѾӹԵĵӣ뵽˾Ȼð֮ߣϽĵǵĸҲ˼
°ɣӡһ仰ֱӰдزһ˾ʵˣز
һҾһز˳ȥڷһԿŸ̾ĸи
ûһڷֻҲôи
⻰ûǵֵܶңֻҪ޵˼ȥģ˱˼ɾ㸸һ㣬Ҳüһ롣˸͵صͷΪڷѵ˵һ䲻˼ȷʵˡ
˰Ǽŵһпˣ
ƺһˡſһ䣬һȺ˿˹ȥǿʲô˼ӵĵ֪ƫǡ
˵⻰ȻˣһȺ׷ܣһʱݾǴЦָĶȥôˣǻϲء
ɾ˾ܲز׿ڷ˿͵øУȥһµģû뵽ȻͰ͵
˲֪հϲ£ջ븮׵ʱδˣ˰Ͱ͵Ѱţ˼ˡ
ز˾ܲ΢һ٣ôǵ˾ռٴˣһֱװԸǰ˾ոʱѰк£


137

һʳ, ֪زز, ǲؼġ
ܲٶһֱƲˣ, ˵м֮Ե, ֪в, Ȼв֮˺, ˾ܲĸ˾Щ, ڳϵĽ飬˽ò˽
ŷõĻӦһǣϽǰȥˡ
ûһۻ, ΪѣͰ͵سɾ, λ˾ɾҪ㣬Ҫ¡
Ų, Ҫ˵ļʽز΢΢һ٣šüͷ
ֻܸ, 㴫ΪԼ, ܼȻ֮ߣߵԶԶġ
Ϊѵÿһ, ˵Ҫ
˭ҵʲôӣ˾ܲͲ֮ܲ£ͣ˾ܲǲģҪȥɣ
뵽ܣ˪ز᲻ʲô£
дѰҵ˾ͲĸסǲΪ⡣
زˣȻµģܷ²
˾ܲûҲûǰ˵׳ʲô£Ѿţܼĵ
ĻϽȥزֻ²ôǴ˰ɡ
Ҫ£Ҳ޷ûУؼ
˷鷳˾ܲвŶҴ̫˲Ϊãٿó˾ܲΪܲãŻһŲܲôǳƲ
ǣӲܲ٣Ϊܲ˾ܲ£վ˾ܲͲܲҪֻҪ˾ܲǵòܲٴɱ䣬ֵ֮ġ
ɾ˾ɾ˵ֻǹغĴ¡λҲεأһ˵ˣһľΪô£
˼֮ʱǲ©һ仰
Ͱ͵ػϣȻˣ죬ǼҪĴ£ǵ˽
زѾԾվɾæɡһһյģʲôʱ򶼲УɾⱲ¾ˡ
֮ЦõĵززĪЦˡ
زŲװһĻѾ뿪šü˾ܲš
ֻǶѾˣ绹յģ䲻ͣزæȥѰ㢺Ͳܽ࣬ǳŰݼҵĳûдɡģ˸͹ȥ
زȥˣҲû˾ܲԽȥ֮󣬵ڶûгز֪ǳˣǴ£ôöû
Ĳôĸ̾زѵõĿ£˼ҪѼ¾ȥɣһӹã˶ϱˣԼЩ
ŵİæţҪǽܽˣء
ɾزǶӣ˽лɾ߹ˣֻɫá
زҲһɾ뿴ôˣ
Ҫȥһ˾ոˡǺز˵һֻΪزģزûκεΪѣͷˣɾСı꣬Īˡ
ڲϸ˵ʱز˸ϽţǶСĵչԼǧԼˡ
ӦһزѾȥ׼
˱һȺ棬ò඼ȥȥˣҵĺӶԾģ֪ʲôӦʲô²ӦʱҪ棬Ǹöʶֵʱ
˵ˣεصĽλȨأһ֮£֮£ȴ֪жࡣ
ӣҪˣҪҲ̳š
ɾȷʵࡣѵһյУѰŵȰòò˾ոȥź˶ȻҲǼô಻ףҲΪۡ
ززܰտ׵ôСһֱǸм˴ǰҲչ˹ɾˣǸʱûæµأɼһչ˺ǲס
ô꣬ۿĶزξľǸпҲزĴм
ǰһȫɾˣСɾŮǣ˦ƹƵİȫ̫㣬ҲǴ󡣡źز£һһⶼΪŮ˲ϣӵˣɲǵһμš
ҡҡͷ˵飬ҲûٺӣȻΪмҵѪϣཻ֪ĻǷޡ
˵ˣززǲܺӣЩһ׽ദ֮ʱʱѺߣ±ߡӺͷͬԼģֻҪûӣӾԶҪ㣬ǷĻľӪʱܳΪ˵ġ
˵߼Ĳ࣬ززǸӣⱲȢӣø
뵽ôز£˲òϣ¶йġ
˿֪˵ǷܼɾĪĸء˲һأ¶뵽زжҪزģѵѵá
Цˣ֮ˣһģȻһ顣
ֻǶ벻˾ܲἰһȻֵô󣬴һʰȵǷӦͲܲٵһ̡
ϵ֮ϻһλүձ㿴ϲܲٷλǸ˵ģһΣ˷ܲٵΪΪԲܲٳƽȨԼˣϵʱ˿̸׼ıôɱܲ١
ܲٵӣЩԽλȨصˣǲɳӣɱˣҪôܻ׷Źˡ
ƽд̲ܲٵˣܲδʣҲܡ
ǣңϻˣǹܲɡ
Ϊ˲ܲٺһܣʲܲٿɻǵóģǵǻһʲôʱܲٷǷǵһĳ㶼Ӧñһϡ
Ǿûţˣν룬νλʲô壿
˵ܲٲԣΪͬˣӦһ£±úǰһĺãܲٿΪκε£˺ϵˡ
壬ûȷ֤ǰֻƾ˵ļ淢ĻҪԷڡ
ĵʵܲһֱģܻԿôǲı䡣
ˣԲܲ˵һ£һõ¡
òܲʧˣĲģԣһһԶıġ
ܲٷŹҵλүûκε֤ǰܰѺΣϻȨ
ܲٵʱȻüңָܿǵϵˣ˵ǣҪ˼ʱ˿𣿡


138ִ

ûһ, ȻӲܲٵ˻
˹жʮ꣬, ǶԷʵĺܣǴӵһλ, һδϥ̸ʼ, ֪ԷԼҪ, ʱһʲܲ, ͺЩȥ, һαֳԲܲٵĲܲγΪĺ
˲˾աǶԲܲٵĿ϶, ᵣһ㣬ڵԿ϶ظ߲ܲ١
Ϊ˲, ҾӦˣΪΪûĵܲ
šüͷ, ˾գΪԶ, Ҫò
, Ҵһҵˡܲ˵ԼǲһԶҪôı䡣
뷨ҴûҪı, ͬģҲԶҪŸıң֪ģҲı䣬һҲı䡣
ܲȰҪȰǵ±ͲһһˣôĽǶǼҪԼһֱȥˣôͲҪȰԷöԷıɡ
ûԼĳԣ˳ŲܲһҾ˾շŹδʵ֤ߡ
õɱҵʵ֤ˣɱ𣿡ܲȵᡣ
˵ôܲٵģܲٻкܶ⣬Ҳкܶȱ㣬һƽ£Ҳͬеˡ
ܲҪľһ䲻ᣬһ䲻ᣬеĴʯҲͷˣ˲ܲٵȥѲ鵽һжø
һӿܲ٣ܲѾתϽȥûһ˽һݶ
˾ա򣬲ܲٻֵ
˵ؽȥûгɵֽӹһʱϵĲΡ
Σֻܲǵһʣڿ֤ȷˣǷ񻹴Ϊλ˵أ
ʵֻòһʣʵް١
ǵģû٣٣ôĺ棬Ψһòܲ࿴ֻһˣҲֻһߵܲٵǰҪ֤ݡ
ɲ٣ҲҪ٣֤ȷǰ˭ҲΪ˿ѡ
Ѿٱ磬ܲٵ֪֮ģҲ֪֮ģң£һգҴ棬´棬Ĳġ
ƺĵ뷨˲ܲٲŻԣĿڰģҪţûҪı£Ƶۣȡ֮
˾ղĳģҲġܲһҾҲԼͬıġ
ܲٵʽΪ׼ңѵһգǴ磬һ壿Щûһˡ
Ϊܲٲټڽ򷢵ģƻһ壬˾⣬㡣
ܲкǰ£ӹģܲƺſ軹ڣֵȥæġ
붼Ӧһȥֻߵܲٵһԣǰ¡
ܲٵһֱûв鵽εϢ˵㸮ﻹյĺ񣿡
ǣһЩΡȷʵյˣ̫ʣҲ˵̨̫棬йоء
Ǽλ˿ڣһû׵Ƿܲӣνܲϲȷˣϲˣϰߣһǲִܲӣִӡ
֪˾չ֪ʡΪζ֪ܲļϻ𣬿ֲô죬ֱӵİ취ǲʣɲܲôãֻʲô֪
ܲ̾һôĺӼûһ˲ġ
ֻǰʱܲûﰵĺ˵ɪδװġ
ԲܲٷˣѹͲϵ˵ϼȻ棬϶ƽ£ҺܿؼҵĿο
ܲٵϥֻһŮ
ǣ඼Ƕӡһģܲٵãʡġ
ʡģ˳׵ͣ࿴˼һǲٰ£ľš
̫࣬زԹʱ򶼿ʼڵԼȻôࡣ
ûϸʱ򲻾ôϸһ뿴ôĶŮһҪɼңҪҵôլӰɣܲһӶסһ𣬻Ҫҵɣ
ôһزżסҵļҵףȻַ֣ҵ׵ļ¼ز
ǮǮҪǮĵطʲôʱǮ꣬Ǯ÷
ܷʵرĹǸСҵļҵ˵󲻴󣬵һжǷ޹ͬӪģǧزŵõж٣ָôָǣ㰡þϸ㣬Դһʧƫġ
Щϵģز߶ǾòĶеģǾͲġ
ز¶ԼԼ⣬ֱӰѶǽйҲûʲô˵£ǽҪԼǮǧָжټҵǡ
Уǳ֮һ÷ּҵľҪּң˭ҪǸڼģֱӴȥ
ز֪СӶ׼һЩͺֳһǮ׬ԼҪزΪδĵġ
ܲЦЦصҪ˵ǶжӵˣôĶӳɵĲɵҼĲ٣ҵĶͬ٣ΪЩһʺϣ
˵ʺ϶֣ѯ뷨ܲţѵ
˾ϵôһ£һ㶼ͣ͵ð취ǲòܲԼѡ
ܲٲϷŹ̸ֵֻӣû˼
ôû˼֪Լ㲻Ҫ⣬Ǳɡ
ԳԵգ˰ˡֻǰ˵ܲƾӦѾ˼ˣһֱһضߵˣڲܲһϣҲΪ
ܲЦԳӻԵգֻһŮΣŮء
˵ﺬЦؿ˾ղ⣿
ֱܲǷ𰸣ֻǸĴ𰸵ģǲܲҪĴ𰸣ֻȥѰ˰ɡ
һ£ҪﻰֻҪżɡܲ˵ϵЦˡ
ͣˣܲƺʲô£ûһ˾գѾͣˡ
ܲٵȻͣˣҾͲˣһһȥ졣
ûҪ˼˶˵վŲܲһҾ˾գˡ
˵꣬Ѿٵ뿪ܲЦȥֻһߣʱֻˣ˾գѾϡ
ܲصáȥ˭¸ġ


139

Զ˵ȥ, һ˾ո̷Ըȥδˣ
ߵӦһã̵ȥ顣
ϻȥ, ʱѾ˲٣ϻʪ, صҵʱȥҲˡ
ɾ, 鵽, Ѿ, С, ôģǶ֪ģۿ׷Ŵ, Ǽ˼飬ˣ
һ, Ҫ, а©
ǣѾˣʬͻȥˡ˲ɱ, ˶ͻȥ²м١
, 룬ϵ޷Ρ
㢴ŲܽЦݵĶæ񣬡ס
һ, Ӧһٶ໰㢵Ĳ鲻̫ãܽƺҲʲôط̫ԣѯʵصɾƺ鲻á
¡㢰˵׸մˡ
ˣĻһ
ܽ໹ЩĵģϾżң˵£΢΢һ٣ʲǻ·˵£׻Ϊͬ𣿡
Ī룬ȥɡŲܽȥҪʱ̫࣬Ȼˣһʱ鲻ѣܲµġ
ܽ˵һ䣬ȻضܣǲҶܵģӦһǡ
ûн¸زЩ£˵زһѹֺαء
Ͳ֮ܲĳͻΪûб䣬ˣ֪ʲôʱʼȴѾһ֪ˡ
ʱϤһˣôȴôİ
ʺıͼɱܲ٣ۿŲܲδԼŮΪ󺺵Ļʺ󣬳͢ʹܲٵУȨգҲû˿סܲ١
ֵʱܲһͳ£ܾòʣսֻʤ
ɣȻƲܲ٣ǲֻأռóˮսˮʦԼ̹֮֮ͬ
ЩȰɵĻ˵ÿÿܲٶ˵
꣬һСŮɳͤͤŮɣսҲΪʤ㲻һˮսʤõİ취һֻԺͽˮˮ½ս֮ʦˮսɱսˮϣ֡
ȻȻѻ˵ˣһû̵ˣĻֻܲЦЦϡ
óܲһͳ£˭ȰסˣȻסǱ㲻ɡ
Ӯһ̫ѣ׼ĻҪ׼һͳ£һԸ֪ΪҲòΪ
վ뽭ڳһսǰˣܵòңܲѾЩûаܵĵزЩҪز
֮ܣ˻ϲ˳ɽȻǳģǲٰܲˣٽһѡ
ϣ˶Ϊܲʱ򲻸ٽһʵȻܲڽʧͷתսݣüڼ֮ݣʱѾӹΪչ´󹦣ܲڲݹϽʱȻӦˡ
ز˵ܲڸ˲ӹŲԶڹǣ¸ǵþʱûסʵɾţ
סǲΪסˡ
ӳ֮սʼĵӹ˾պȨս򲡻˵Ľʿʱ޷أĽǾȻӹЩ֣µӹѾǴǰӹ˵ЩһһӹµĳǳأݴƣǶ£µĳ佫Щ£Ļһٶݡ
˵ЩµʱżΣмֽ
زĬĬظεޣӴ㵱ŮˣҲǶ˭סŮˣܲΨţһ򲻾СڣûԼͣеŮһȶб£ΪŮͲã
˻ǣǲܲپǣֻҪһֱбȥܲٻѲҪһж
ĺݸȱˡʱˣزؿȥ
þٻȥݡԼ˵زŴðûʲôõġ
˵ľٻǵĶŮ٣ÿһΪǰųˣ˵ǵΣ˽׵ˡ
ζȥóεΪˣϲĶʵµˣȥ˵ǰ;ô󶼲Ҫ
زӦˬ죬ɰش㲻£
ʲôµģôȻǸúӣǾٻʲôµġزеˣвЩӵ£һóκܿɿ
ֻǾٻȥݣٻҵһȥûģˣزϥֻһСûгɻ顣
زӶϱ£Ҳǲǳʲô¡
þٻԼ
ӶϱΪҪĶܣزһȷʵôһ
زͷһۣɾǵ游ˣһÿ
ôˣͼΪΣ
زҿɾͼģ
˵ͼҲţزҡͷزЩΣ߽Ҽͼɾ᲻Ը
˵ΪزھʹӦκ飬زѯʡ
»ĻҺһšزȥҪǲˣһܽܡ
һ裬׷ʵҪʲô
Ȼóġӣز۾ֱ浽ûаܼ˿ɱȵĵزز洫ڲεĵΣΣʵ²⣬ŷͬһľ
ÿ˶ԼļǸ·ҪôߣȨԼϵġ
ûвε£ΨһĲһƽ̫ƽ
һ£زġֻ벻ˣξǰٷְٵжɡ
о̣ǮѸҵʦزԼΪǮ¸ָտɴ
Ȼˣοװǵı²زġ
ӮһҼҶޣʳ鼮Ǹҵı
ѧҡӣǲΪزɾһӲ³زʲô
Ѿˡزز̷ֲġ
ͷʹЩûиµز
ܾԾܾ
ܵģΪزĿתضͰ͵ġ
ɾ治ģҾǾú棬˵ˣ˼æأѧЩܲˣ
˵õĵǣλ˶õģΪ˻ˣǲȱܵĵ̶࣬˲ǹӦֻѰϸҵʦǶ֡
زز֪æˣ²˶˵
ҪѧߣزѵöһȤȤ£׷
ǷѾ˼ҲҪġ
δԸ㡣סزز˼ҲδԸ⡣
ͬУľͲˡ
Ҫ취òξܾ


140

û취ȰزֻܼϣڲΡ
˵زԭЩ̫һ, һġ
ҲڻصϹҵȥݷ, ҵʱǰʱѧ, òεĲ, Ѿ⹫һ¡
ε˹Ĺ, , һڼ
, ǧб£һֱܺáòս˵, ûаæ̫࣬Ǳ﾿׼ʲô, ܲٺͲ
µֻһβλ, ڼҪһȥġ
ڼжʿ֮ƣһ͵ˣһҲʲô, һΣ͵ǰ, òϣڼڿεʱȷʵġ
Ȼʦͽϵ˵ƺ, ڼ̲ε٣⵱׼һγ֣ҲûôֻΪרİһѣܰپͰٰˡ
ǵһû˵˹ļˣȻĶҪʽһģô˵ǰΪ⴫ĵӣǶǶ֪˲Ϊͽһ£ÿزŶ͵͵ģƵġ
ȻЩģ˭ģֻҪͷ£ȥһ仰˵
µҲôһ£زŶӶŲš
һӿôȫ˻΢΢˰죬ȫû뵽ݹ֮ȻܵõĴ̫˼ˡ
ʦǡһˣͿģҶǿͿ
Ӧһʾһ£㢴ŵϱǿɻǲܼҵˣٵʱ˴ŵ¼ǲġ
ҲΪˣʱŲŻ᲻ҵ˾ʲô⡣
һҾܹɵˣһ·糾Σ
ֱӾ£زһƳȥҪ̸µĻﲻ̨˾ո̸ȥǼ̸⹫£ǳĵİɣ
ֻȫûпزǴżֵ񣬱һ̸Ҫ̸ʲô
زôһɨûʲôоģǲѾķˡ
;ҵλʦ˼úܣټȻˣεһֱãȰݣ½Կһţһš
˵½Կһţ֪ôʵν£
簲ɷţڸֱҪشҲһһش𣬷ֵصˣ˵һá
֮ҪСĵطʲôˣûȥ֪úܡ
زһһһҪ˵ˣҪ˵ȥЩ˻õŲ
ܲҪô죿
زڼҲĹ¡
ֱһ仰˵Ƕǰ̸£
ʦ˵ǣҪż֪ݵȰݼʦǺ鷿ġͿز£ԲαĲȥ
ȻزڼһЩ°ɣǺزģز˵µĻˣԼҵķֵ̫˳زĻ̸¡
ײоЦ⣬زһô찡˳زǿˡ
ҪǲţҺĴһҲԡε飬һɶֶģزֱˣͲ˵˿ˣ϶ţ˼ȥ
ĵʲô
Ǿϣزòνӵ£ܴӦ
һ£Ƥӵ£ŲεӣҲһµ϶ǲ̻زһʲôĺ
£ǶӶϱǰɣֵǶȥɣ
˳ȥһΪӶϱȻЩŹ֣˳ȥ
ЩŪһˣĸ֮أٹʣܷʲô¶һĶԴ
λĸã³ôˣ˭п
ûеģûй
ƢزƢҲͦã˵ͣһֻҪʲôرҪ£¾Ҫ£زӦ
֮زҪǷɵ£Ҳϡ
޶˵ദ֮ںܶ˿þ棬ƺһˣʱһˡ
ȰѶӶϱǴˣز̿ĵſڣѾε̾һزز
Ȼһز̴ҾǺ棬Ժ𣿡
Ժ棬ǲѧ
߼вģǵ˵˰ɡ
һ䵹ˣʲôϹأʦģ
ǿǷ޼ִˡûģλһ׼ַ磬ôôأ
ΪزһӮһ
ʦڼĵúܣѧѧҡӵı¡زһζѾµһˣ̸˵ؽӹ߲Ŀĺڡ
̿һΣεҪǲ˵ҲòӦġ
˵ˣԲ˵Ǿ֮ͣ£ҪûһɣǲܾزҪġ
Ҫڣزɾ£һȥҪ˴𡣡
Ӵѡһ飬εĶ䶯˶Ҫزеһʲôˣ
ǲʰûע⵽͸Ų
һֱͷ뵱ԼʲôûֻҪ֪۾ͺá
Ҫ˵زĻزʱ
ȻȻزѾ˵ڣʮþȵֻزӮġ
ĬĬţǱߵһεػزز
һֱһ治˳ᢵģֻزû취òһҲ˵ĸо
زûε̧ͷһǷʲôģ뵽ӣסˣҪססԼĺϷһŪÿܻԼġ
˵һ϶һƢ
Ȼûãֻεɿڵã
һã̧ͷز˵صˣ㲻ÿգҵĸȥҲýֻ̫ҪһЩĽ̻Ҿͳɡ
زĵѣûԼΪһĸ֣һԼҪ˵òβ̫ѹ
оЦ⣬ϣô˳ᢵҲû취ˣû취ΪǷݻϲϲһˣһЩҪʱǲҪԸԳ
áûһλҪ¾ǼˣˣزѰӵ£¶
زδӦûһ˿ԥЦ춼ϲ£Ǻúӡ
ôһǺúӣЦʵѧ֮Ҫ𣿡


141Լ

ǾԲزȥ, ʱ𣬺γ뿴ķӦ
ܸʲôӦ, زŲζֻ᲻Դ
ԺγĬϡЦˣ, Ҷ, ֻ᲻Դ, ôܹ˵, Ǹô, ô򡣡
˵ŸôԼСϣϵЦ⣬ǶҪЦûȥ, 㵱˭Ϲأ
šüͷ̷ֲԾ, һûܲס¶̫, Ӧסס
˵ǽյһ죬һȥЦ, ʦҪֻ˵ʲôʱȥҿ϶ڣ
㲻سˡʱ, λǸʲôģѵһֱڼﲻţ
ʱڼң˿ʱţƭ˵ģ
뱨زšһ, һ͵˺һ´ȥһӢ
û£û£æģڼҵңȥ֮ǰһ˸㴫ţҪڼȥҪǲҾͲȥҼﶼҲˣÿյúܣ㣬ⶼһæزȻšʹüͷһǲҲԿǲòνˣ
ΪΣزҪѧӣΪΣزš
ⶼûšˣھȻΪΰˣʾ顣
εõģҪʦĸǰһ˵ڶʲôʱȥһ鶼źڼ㡣
Ϊһͽܣ͸ģʦֻҪǿڣζӦùصǡ
زһͷԣȫͰ˵İ졣
ʾϣǰһѺ¶׵óһ¶³̵ĺӡ
ڸһסҪСһЩ²̫żҲ̫ºͣˣ㲻öԸ˾
زȥȻǵĲλᱻ۸ͷϣεЦˡ
ʦﵱѰŮأϧҲǣ˶۸ңһôƹݡҪûõˣһͬݽ˾ˡЩ°ɣβ˵һ˶֪һ
֮ôĵ̣ôıΪб£˭Ҫܱб£ȨҪĵֻ̣ܻ
زŲĻûס޵ãá
Ƕ鿴ĲΣһҲΪеġ
뵽زŲЦˣ¶㣬ҪסʲôʱҪغԼչ˺Լĸ׾ȥ磬һãȻƽƽ
εͷܶ˶֮Ը̸𶡷ˣ˵ѹȴ֪ȻˣΪĸ׵Ķϸ۰ٶٵ⣬жٵʹ࣬ȥĶ
ز˵εĻµģ뵽洫÷з£˰ˣǲ˰ɡ
βѰСŮɣԼʲô·ԼߵʲôĵزӦöܣӦøѹ
ݼò̫ã뿪ˣزһûʲô׵ģȴ˭ɾ˵
زز᲻ز֪ΪʲôȰŲزڣòδӦ£ƫƫز
زǴȥһ˽̷ϷҿԲѧӡ
˼ȥز˵Щ鶼˵õģǼȥôС
ԣȥ̷ϷҪȥ̷Ŷԣ˵ƭҴӦ£㵽ֶûҾˣҪȥ̷ˣСʱͺͷТ̷һϤţոǿҪȥ̷£϶⡣
زǽһתʱѾúˣûûǿģȥǲǴǰɡ
ðҵΣһǸɿĺӣҪҪ󣬲ο϶ġ

ȻԺӦòٽţһ˷ܵزززҲʧ֮ˡ
ȻɾʧˣֻĹҴ£ɾҪæ̫࣬ҲͰǵС·Ժˡ
زûƢ˼ӦҪ˵ܲһֱţͷҪ˰
飬زʾ飬زڻԭѰһӣů֮ʣ;գĻΪ㳪һȿӳֿԱ⡣һֱȵڣȷʵҶԲסزز
ԸϣҲԸزĿ顣
زû뵽ǲϣֻǴԵ˼ˣϴ̬Ȳġ
Կϴ̬Ȳķϣز㳪ھ
˵ˣôȥҪʵС
Ѿزһˣʱл֤һԶŵˣ͵ñʾˡ
֮زز仪һز׵ʱززٳزеǿģǷ⣬޼
ֻǳ֮Ͱ͵ʵԲѧ𣿡
ѧֲ棬ҪҲֻ棬㵣ʲôزɲΪһ׸ԼòײõѧϰӵĻ˷ˣʱҪȡһ¡
Ȼˣո⶯ˣǶһſزĪľġ
ô˵Ǻܺģ˵ж⣬ϲĻϲٵġ
عصˣǽ̷ĵ£ǲͬģһˣزͲѧ֮Ҫģ뵽Ժ󣬾ȻûҰ޹ˣ
زز֪ΪΡǲزģһ㶼롣
ѧԼ档Ȩʱ䡣زΰǾӵº棬Ҫѧϰһ£һѡ
Ҫһ棬֮ãǲԸ⣬ѧ˻ԼܻǿԵİɡ
زôһ˵ˣΣ棬棿
ȣزǸ˵ˣȥ̷£˽̷Żһ䣬ȴǾڲᡣ
Ҳ˵գίʵκβزÿÿʵ޷ܾΣ
ز˿ˣȥ
ӦҴӦҿ϶ɾ档زһȰϽİĻӦǲѣҪԼĶһˡ
µĵ֮ѧᣬѧһк˵ûѧ֮ǰֲֻᡣ
زԼбع
زɴ۾صɾ˵ģҺʱ˵𣿡
ûУϵΪز˵Ǿڲᣬȥ̷زûôΪӦزֻδᣬżǱƼˣĳһֱûʵŵ


142½

زû취, һ̾£ֻز
زɿǻϲ, ÿÿȥεĸͲѧӵʱ򣬲ν̵, ѧúǲס
زѧöҪʲôʲô, ˭Ӳζܲ³
뵽ξƾӮ˲˵ļҵ, νη¸ĺֶΡ
ǰŮǾͲҪز, ŮѾԳ, ΪѡһгȺˣҪز˵̫ظӲ̫ת, ʱز̫ͬģʹ, ȴһ˼Ϊ˲
ͬ, ԼԼͷزȻ̫⣬ܲš
ʣΨһĶ, Ѿ£ֻǵһ, լѾϱƹܣزֻÿӣֺǺǵӣȫûע⵽ô͸һɲơ
زûע⵽, ĳǹΪ֮
˵ģԳУ˵ֻԼ棬Ȼ֪ϲñΪҲϲ档
ҪԼŲסزһ棬زһ㶼ġ
һĹȥζ˻صӹˣһȥˣľǲ޶һǰȥӹôʱԼһȥȽϺá
ľû߶Ӻزÿ֣ʵûסززΪԼѧͬһ㣿
ҲңӲд룬ͬһ㣬ֻ֡ز˼˳شûҰΨһϣһûסһɣһ棬һܿġ
оЦؿγǱʱ뷨ȡ
˵ʲôҷʲôû˵ءز̯ʾŪһ£ʲôû˵ѵһ£û˵ʧˣ
ز϶Ȼ˵㶨ۣĿȻƵضƺڵһô£
Σزû٣Щزעϱ࣬һֱνӣţ˯ǰǰţӲˣ
ززٻڼУϱǲӦùȥΪӦزתһעزһֱӡ
زϱտԼֻҪ£̫࣬ϱֻỶϲңǰҴһϱǲܷΣٻһȴżŶϱĶᡣ
˵һ㶼ûһСǻɲҪģزǰûж£ڸܣʲôʲôɣҪæĵطȻῪڵġ
ز˵ûøȻšüͷǰʱܾزȫϣŮôģֻǷزһ仰ǣӻһǳԼǵδ
ΪĸǰΣһǵ߰ɣͲҪ̫ܵ࣬Ƿദá
ںˣһעתƵز£ȫû취
زɾҪû£ȥˡ
һ޻˵ӣز׼ȥ棬׽סززز
ôһزززӦһͷƺڵ˵ʲô¡
Ӱɡʵû취ˣΪزһ治˶õģû뵽زһ˶ˣѹز֮⡣
Ҳǣزһר飬ϲһϲһһһϲϾͻһֱϲı䣬ϲˣϲӸˡ
û취Σϰز࣬ǺһͻȻزϲãעȫϣЩ޷ܣʶ̶˵ϸ䣬زҪôԸӣ
زҪľ仰Ȼִ̫࣬ﵽĿģزǻЩ˼ﵽġ
ɾ֪ġҪڣֻ˽زˣһ֪زҪôܸıϲá
΢΢һҪǻ벻ز׼õһɵӡ
ʲô취µõİ취Ѿùˣûа취زı⣬ôõİ취ǽ
ĻҲһЩϲ£ǲôڸá
زգ۾ɾɾѡɾеȥԺͲˣ
ЦеصشأһһԸ
εؿزʵززҪΣ
ӿһӵġΣôֻܻǼζѣزҪӵĻһֱ棬Щء
֮ôֻмΡ
ز˼¶úףһһزز
زҡͷɾô˵Ҷıģˡһεֻһиӵģû׼һᷢʲô¡
ȫпܣڵزеúܣ¶˰ܣʱزʱ⡣
ز˵ĶģûƭˣҪֻһ´Ӧ£ٹЩز᲻༸ӵزҿ϶
ЦеصţزΪԼҪﵽĿĸء
ززȻܼΣҪиơ֪û취ôҪΪԼ档
ɾôһһΣز˵۾ˣ񶨵ɡ
һһΣôܻӦ
زҪˣͲ⣬ǰҪ˵
һΡʱһ˵زȫٵҡͷУ̫ˡ
ˣһΣһĴΡѵززÿڼҶززţȻгŵɣززȴûУӻĸ׵עġ
Ҳزһ㣬һӵ˶ɵҪÿһ˾ͳţ˺ͺʲô˵ǻǻ뷨ġ
µð취ʲô
ճ߶ȣ̫
زһȷôһ£ÿ¶Ŷе󣬻Ӧŵ㡣
ãһξһΣһɾ𣿡ĳѾйˣһδӦ¶òģµ˵õһΣز浣һΡ
û뵽һԼȻ˻Ƿţزޡ
ܷӦز£ȷʵ־ˣһϵ£޷ֻгŵ
µʲôزؿټôš
εһ̾ᣬһΣʧţززá
زôԵı飬´ȥһν̷ҪɾֻܱӹһӣҲɾ
лҪ˵ز֣Ŀģ
ͷΣ

143´

ʱͬزס, Щزһϣȫ˲, ԹˣﻹһΡ
ʮ, ڿһ, زֻ, ԼȻһʤ, ڴӡ
زһ˵, Ӧ˿ۿۡ
ѾӦҪȥһν̷ҡӵԿԲᡣ
һȥʱǴȥһزҪȥ, ͵͵ĳ͵͵Ļ֤˷ֵġ
µ, ٰΣΨزҪʲô, ٶԡ
زϲϲĵÿ£ƣܲٽΪة, 佣ϳĲܲһ統Ķ׿, ˶Դ˱ֳǣ²ܲٻٽһ
ЩԽĶ࣬Ȱ壬δ, δؼ롣
һ̾ų˵ǲǱˣ
һһʱ֪δƺʶԼһɵ⣬ôõһ϶Ĵ𰸣ǲܵõġ
ԲܲٳΪةˣûģزŵòᡣ
Ȼһʼգֿ˼ҩ£תѣһۿزʱƺʶػһززز߼죬ѹزϲɾ
סز֣һԵʱ
زӦŵǰһɾɾ˯ˡ
ţˣززززѹҸϽѹᣬ˵ʱ΢΢͸ż
ɾɾˣܺáزֻҪ£еĴ󷽱Ѿ¡
սز֣صززЩû˯ˣ
ɾ˼գұɾաز˵ʵɾ֪ԼԼˣ
ֻ֪Ǿһ˯ȥΪΡزЦŴزͷȷʵˣɾһ˯֪ϦǺ꣬һۣѾʮˡ
һղز˼һղزижٵĲͿ־塣
زز˯һɣѹԻû£زز¶кˡز˯زǰսĴɾ㻹ҡ
׽ŰһΪ˲زһţȰǲϣٽ¶Լ
ܸĵģֵܼģѾˣģ޷ıģҪζԼϡ
زе˼븧زգСزͷȻزķм˿
һ˲Щ㱣־òУزͷززаͷˡ
ز΢΢һ٣ԼͷȻ˿زһЦͷϣ˿ܱףΥôõĸ֣
ʱ˵Ļ˵ǧζ֮ǰزǺúõģһͷûУֻǼնѣزˣزͷͷ˿Ѽɫزز
زΪȻصɾ龫ǣѾ˿ͷˣ㲻ʲôֻҪɾҲģá
γ֪ز˿է֣ΪΪһ̫ա
áʱ˿̳һ֣ҲĻ
أܲٴܿյϢز˵̫ҽǰȥ鿴ֻһĿģһҪտһҪտˡ
̫ҽʱûܼزտƺת˯У˼͡
̫ҽҲҴţ˭˲֪ڲܲеķҲǼһ
ز˯ҹѣź˿˶һ˵ʹˣ˱ȥˣ˵̫ܲҽ֪ǲܲһƬ⣬˽ֵıôȥҵ¶
һʵѾֻ˲֪ܲҲԸµЩ̫ҽ
ѾתֻҪϢһЩʱձȬ̫ҽǶһȷںתǰһ
һû£Ҳûȥܲ١
͡صлһ֮ܲܲܲٴĺ⣬Ĵлġ
̫ҽңȥҩȥ
˶ȥ㢵ةй׵壬һƬ֮ģĪҪΪºة˼϶
Ϊ᲻֪֮ԻᲡΪʲôǾ֪ͬҲϿһȥͲܲٿ⡣
˭ͬ㸸˵ģûزһ̷ʣ㢻һĸס
Ӳ־ǳˣԼ뷨ǵ£Ȩǵĸʲôȥʲôԡǲǵǵĸǰָָ㣬ǣǹǵġز飬ɨ㢣ɼмǲ
ĸףҡæͣûԼֻ֪ò뿪ˡ
ܲٴΣϣһֱԼνԭΪѵĶԼ
زˣǲŶȥԼ뷨Ҫǵ·ǵ£Һǵĸײ̫ࡣ˵󣬿ǳɼҵνǰ;ӦԼȥ
˵ǲ˵һЩزûҲûҪΪѶǵ˼ΪԼΪӾ׸ı뷨زһӦ
ĸףҲǸ˼㢿زˣϽĽһϣزȥ
ʲô˼Ҳܣҵ˼ˣҲĵܵǼɡزֻǰ齻ȥֻȥüɡ
ǰͣزƽϢŭز̧ͷ㢶ͬĻ˵Ρ
˵ȥزصĻ
ĸ׵ǲǳ˸֮⣬Ǽ㶼⣿ûסʳ˻
زǻǣΪҺǵĸһҵҪ˾ǵĸףһҲ¸ǣ֪
СʱЩزѾ˵ֻ˵øһЩûʲôõġ
εؿزĸ׵и׵ļ֣һУĸ׶֧֡
֧ѵ֧ǣʲôҲǵһ֪һϲģΪϲһݲ䣬ףزԵĴ˵һ˵ľΣôҪµˣưˡ
΢һ٣ز㸸׵ѣˣǶһص㸸׵ΪˣǷݲ꣬ΪӵľȻϣĸ׶ѵÿɹһ棬㣬㣿
һ㢵ɫòҰףز㸸׶Ժû뵽㣬ǣʧ
ǵģʧزԸ⿴㢣ƫƫ̳ģǰʱǾȻȫȻ޾


144Ȱ

ĸ, Ҳǣ˼ز˵ʧ, ȻˣϽĽ, ֻø׷ſһЩ, ҪһֱȥЩ, Ǽ, ԴҶá
زŸǲΪصǼҺ, ԴҶãô÷
زıʣ㢰ûزز, ˡ
ϵ˲Ƕ, Щ·ϵһһ˶, һز֧ѾˣñҲͬ, 
ס㢳һ˵˵, ӻֵʲôؽͣ㲻ң㡣Щӽӽӽǲǣ
Ȼѯ, еŪһˣʱ׶˵ڡ
㢵ӻλȨĲŶۣӻвӽӣ۴˿񡣡
˵˲˵Ʒ㢿϶ֲˡ
ǰǡιĲţƷҿѣس֮Կδᣬûôס
ȻǲòֲģšüͷѾ˵ȥֵȥɡ
ѵÿڣ˵ֲˣ㢼еصײܰӽ𣿡
һ£زѾǺǲֵǸݵģôΪةԸĶϣ͵ԽԽģ
ʵ˰û˵Ĵʵ鲻֪Ϊκ࣬ǰµĸһϣŮģ
ǲܲٲһһˣϣģϣͨЩܹ¡
뵽ܲٵšüͷܶһʼزͷˣ˭һġ
ҵڣܲȫûҪͷ˼ֻ᲻ϵǰߣһǰߡ
۾زȥûп㸸𣿡
ǲ׵ӿزú޲ð˵ˣôɵġ
˵ȷʵ۵ӣʱټ徻һҾˣϢ
ӦһΪӦѾ뿪زͷʹصôɵһӣôá
ӽӳȻްһλֻˡاǸʲôˣһǲһλȵˣ֮λºҪܿܣÿһδػǲˣ϶£һ㡣
زλӳ¡
µֻɣҪȻôĺá
սزֵززҲ֮𣿡
ɾòֵģҲ˵ɾǹЩµˣɾܣĲŸڣƺˣԸ֧λȻ˵Ӳãͬõˡ
ز˽ʲô˵֪ҪҪѡһְ֧æˣһѡاǲֲ
Щ»ةԼͷʹɣǲҪôࡣΪֲͷʹǲܲٵ£ҪʹҪᶼòܲɡ
زͬ԰Щºʲô̫Ĺϵж︣ԼûǵܣнڣزɮҲῴ棬浽һ죬ܲɱ֮ǰɡ
ֻҪ˲·ôȥߣ͵ÿԵ׼ˡ
ϲزĻ¼ûʲôģŲ
áǲΪŮǰŸ࣬ܰŵѾˣ£δ̫ɲ⣬Լ·Ҫô߶ȷˣôܵ˱ˡ
ɾЪɡͻȻһӷزϽĳ˵š
Ӧһ·ôߣҪܲ٣ǲܲٲǰʹǰһǲܲǰô
ز֪ʲô£زȥѰ֡
ҲˣЩһŻҪæزȥ
һ˳µĳƲȥϳ̨ȥܲٴ󷽵ֻܰϢʲôʱ򲡺ٻ
׷ܲûпˣһѵ÷µϢ̽һסûˡ
εżɽص⣬ںة𣿡
֪ʡ֮һ̾壬ʱҲҲةֻ˳ƶΪ
˳ƣ˳ģ˳ˡѾ֪ʱĲܲʲôԭӦ֪ܲʲôҪõʲôģһĹȥڣΪةĲܲʲôѾ֪
壬αˡ
ȰһģŴ󺺿ԽԽãţô󺺺òһ׵£һ죬ٲǴ󺺡
ǺһǺһǡĴ𰸡
֪Ȱһ¶ĵ㲻ʲô˶˵Ȼͬ˵˼ȴǲܵġ
ҲҪȰһȰҪʹʧУ
ννʧΪΣΪΡʧȥΪʧΪʧ˵ʲô絽ΪĵʧЩ
˰ˣ嶼˵һʲô˵ġȻѾ¾֤һжԼѡ
ʲôĺֻȥˣܹ⣬Ǳʧȥ֮ѵһ֮Ըһػ
Ȱ֪ãҲͷػȥˣڼϢһǺЩӣܲƹһ£һֱڼûгŵվڵλǰãһҹδߡ
ڶŹٷزΪԴϹñʵزز֪Ҫȥʲô
£زɾȥʲôǶɾȥģȥɣ㣬ʲô·㡣
ЦˣЦúǿزֵңܵززҡ
ɾҲܺãҺãҲҪã˶ѡֻ˶ѣûиԭ
á
һΪһΪһ΢ĹâϵǰΪԼԼȥģվ
ɿز֣زززȥˡ
áزûûȰֻ˵һãǰȥҪߵ·أҲҪͣ¡
ͻȻҪϳƲһҪţû˸ҹزǷԸȥӶһˡ
ֻ֮һδףĻҲҪˣͻʣǡ
زҪʼ׼ˣȥ²ɣȴɣǳɻǲɡ
ôˣɾȥϳ𣿡óزϵأʲôõҪˣ˿Ī
زƺʶԼţЦЦͦõģԼ£ʲôõġ


145ֹ

ܾزл, ô򵥡
ƲڼҶյϳ˼Ҳ˱ϲ, ǵġ
ղܲƹһһȥʱҪŵ, һȻϼ, ʲô׵, ǸȰ, , ζȥģ˭ס
濴ųĺ¡
ûһܲ, Ļʵһ٣ܲٿҪк, Эҷһ, ɢ顣
ҪĻǲܲٳƹһ£˶ΪܲٵĹͿԷ⹫Ȼ, Ļʵ۲һԵؿǳ, һж޹һ㣬ѵ
ӷĶ, ܲٵĿһֱϣһֶ˵ۿţƺûзԵˣЭΪѾ£Ҫڡ
¡ʱУһջҪˣһڣûлͷĿܡ
ʲôֻ˵Э˵ſ˵֤ûһ˻ġ
ⷬ˵ةģة౾Կﳯ֮ϣ֮ʵӰԵ£ˡͻʵ۴кŲܲٽơ
ԭִݵĳĻ£̱Ϣ
ܲٿģ
ǡ϶ػشܲ٣߲ܲûôģΪܲٲӦҲʱΪ
ǲܲٽκôܲٻǰģǰΪǰһǵλ
Щһȥţô޿ܡǴһʼֹܲ٣òֹܲڴˣҪǵһôҲеڶһ
ǵʲôǾҵĹͲԽΪֻܲҪһĻѡ
Ҳ£ΪΪңة໹ǵõҹͬµ𣿡
йЩӦóΪܲټǰɣҪֹĽܲҪЩ
ܲû뵽ʱµԣЩô᲻ǵãǵãǼǵһ
£ɢ˰ɡܲ㿪ڣȻĻЭû뵽Ļ˹ãΪҪͬܲٽϾô˿ţţ벻ͬ⣬ƫƫûʸ˵һ֡
ܲٶ˵ɢˣǶ׷ϣͱ£ةࡣ
˵ɢǲܲ٣Эʵ۵Ļߡ
Ǹ˵ڰҪӣ±ɲܲٵġ
һûˣΪҿһ
ܲٵһת뿪Ļ𰸵ôǶ˸Һ˵
νһɢȥˣ໺ȥûסظϣҪȥةࣿ
ة಻ҵġ˵ǿ϶ԣɺة˽˵ΪҪة²̨
һ̻ͷǺһʼѡΪΪǿһߵΪ˺Ҷ龫һˡ
ǵģһʼĿһµģǶǺҪ±úãԽԽãΪǻԸƴһܶû뵽ܲһȨգˡ
ͬΪʱԲڳ֪֮⣬Ǻ󺺵ͲܲͬţֻĹϵǲܲٵةฮ١
ʧԣϽĳ壬ʧԣȻѻ˵ˣة᲻⣿
ܲڱʺƺἰһˣִ¶ĺγǶĿأܲһֱЩΪغ󷽣һܲܰĵսķ
ΪԾ˵ͬôԸһ̣̺
֪һ䲻֪һ٣ף˵һȻʹ⣬۷ʲô£ֻԼ£ֻܽôη
塣˼ˣȻظ
£ҪѾ꣬ںΣѾˡ
ΪֶӵĶȰסˣܲ˵ֻһ䣬һ£ҶҪͬ⡣
ֻһ䣬ܲҪĸı䣬۷ʲô¶Ҫͷͬ¡
ܲٵ˼һȥĿﲻǰܲȰ˵ıˣȻǣʼ˵ʲôֻδӣ׵˵ı⣬ȵա
һһĹȥԽԽ࣬ҲȰΣ˵ģĩΪܲԽ£һ˿ԥûеҡͷܾ
ĵز˭Ĳͬܲٽ£ܲҲ̬ȣȥ
ȥȰ˵˶Ѿȥˣ޷Ȱֻǲܲ
ܲٺԵһʼΪ˴˶ǶԷҪΪʵһˣǾʦǵ˽죬Ϊһ˷磬վǼһ̸һ̸ʼڽģԽᣬҲýĶᡣ
յϢ޶׼ȥزЩĵѯʵ᲻£
ģҲ̸һ̸ˣЩѾܾûĹΪԵæµҲΪԴ˼һ˵͸ſ޻ڡ
ÿ˶ԼѡԼߵ·ǲܲ٣ʵﶼԷԣǱһߵϣıԷΪཻݣܿԷı䣬ܲһ£ҪһԲġ
زٻֻ»ز
ʱ޷ѧһĺñ£ǡ
αܲڸĶġ
һ±ͽܣΪͽܣ۷ʲô£ٻһͽܻ봫ȥ
ǺܺãҪ˵뾭ѵةй֮޲زһ䡣
֮磬Ļ£ˣģǺةǲһġֵܲٺͲεĲ֪ľҲǲһġ
زةϣĹΪͬеģûб䣬ȴˡ
ıʹ£Ӧһεصǵġ
ûײܲٶζʲô
ܲʱһǰԼϣڲܲٵϣϣԼԺͲܲһ·ȥģû뵽ۿǾҪϣˣ˱ʡ
ܲٵķ˱仯ԼС̣£ɽҲӵ£ȡ֮˼
֪ܲٴӺʱʼ˱䣬ϣܲٿԻͷֻҪԸǻȻͬУ


146Ըͬ

ȥˡһϣ, ŲܲٿԸıϣ
ȥɣڼҵ㡣زЦΪ, ϵصɾÿҲ㡣
Ϸһָز, زز
زǲ˵Ǽٻ, Ѿ껪ȥ, ҲǴǰ, һȺ̫̫ͬ, Ǻܺÿһ
ЦˣȥزվͥԺ, ӰҲûлȥ
ˡػ, زߵزȥЪţز, ȥɣһ˴ᡣ
֪Ͳܲٻ̸ôѾĴ㡣
ϵܲٸϵʱ, û뵽׼ȥܲ٣ÿη糾͵ĸϻ, ϶ǻңĸвʵôˣ
ΪġλشһĨԼƺԵúܸˡ
û뵽ξȻΪϻ, ӹ˵Ϣӹ󵽲θϻʮǣҹδͣϻģ
ȥЪŰɣة¡һůò˵֪˵ʲôºͲûиϵ
ϣβУΪ֪飬ϣһز˵ģܲҪ˵뾭ѵĻй֮޲
ǣܲٺͲԭͲһˣܲٺйͬĿĺβǣ
ôЩοϣܲ
ô޹أһλҵİһλҵغǵ£һйأǵ˵㣬ı⣿γЦ𣬺˵Ķ޹ؽҪСµ̬ȣαˡ
ֻѧϰ㻹ǲܶȰ㣬ȻĳԣȻԣҵͽܵĽѧ㣬ﲻԣ
̯ε˵ˣΪԼΪһλѧġ
ة಻ûͬ⡣źز˵Լӣʱε⣬ΪԼ£ΣֻһϾŬˡ
ǡǡ෴һͬģһԸһȰ㡣κܿ϶ظòβֵٰܲͲܰ˵ֻҪ⣬òܲʲôܲٶͬ⡣
Сӣة롣ˣλȥܲ٣̸ϽͲνȥ
ʼҾ˵һҽȥģϲɡ
סΣةฮܼҵĵֵ̣ȫûпκβΣֻŲ߽ȥ
ةࡣܲѾǶţһҾܲѾ߹𣬡֮䲻⡣
Ⱑֻţɲܲ˵ʲôʲôʱػһܲӦһõȥ
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147µ

һһĺ, ͷûܲת, ҿԴӦ㣬մһ̷, Ϊ, ֻΪ
οܲ, ܲٵཻʮ, ԭΪึ, û뵽
û뵽ʲôѾӻཻʮ, ֪֪
ڴ, ٰܲ£ٰ, ݣλ
㲻ԥ˳ȥ׷ȥ, ܲٵΪȰ
һûа˽, Ϊãֻǵʧ
Σཻʮأ˶ܸ, ־ˣմһġ˵û֪ܲ٣ܲٺγ֪һôˡ
ʱգĲˣܸģֻܷܲ
㣬ҪȥȰζҪȥȰþȫػӿܲٵ֣׷ȥص
ѾԸκ˽룬ڿʼʲô˶Ƕ߰ɡ
żصȥͨһ˵ǲΣζҪһءңұڸǰˡ
ʱĲֻԼһӣŵı飬ζ˵عˡ
һӲǿЦģ̵ؽȥ棬ز˵ѾһʱӭƽòƺһжֻһѰĳţѰĻ
Ǽ˶ûô򵥣ûü˵Ѿˣ£һҪ
ڣ˼˲죬زûаصȥػɾ
ʲôˣ˼Ҫǲµ˶ֱ˵λĵӡ
ǲܽزһ˵ΣλѾˣԵЩżʵףǰʲôǸײ𣿡
ΪģزһڵǼȻ㲻˵
ǰšֻܽΪ飬ò
ҵѡҲģһҵģȥɡ
һܽ˵óʱĲܽΪ˵
ˣȥɣûʲô£̫ġزţԸЩλϥǣǧˡ
ûֹůϥȥ˻ز˵β£ֻôţ˵ʲôʱɾԸ
ŰɡʱˣܼΣ˵ĻŲܲٵѾ˵꣬۲λ˵ʲôҪˣѶ˭˵ûá
ز̾һһôôء
ΣҲֻǣǰɡ
ôڸǰţ˶ҲܲٵĶ䣬ֻܲɡ
Ͳΰ뵽ڲСʱܲٶԲεϣòοһģôãû뵽ȻѲô
ǣܲ뵽ӣǶôϣԺ·ȻͬУһֱ󣬵ǣûԺˡ
ˡܲ뵽Ļ뵽ҪǰУ·ǲͣµģһ֮ңӦվҪ߽һЩֻٽһЩſԼ£Ϊˣʲôɱɱ
Իظȥһأ˿ƽȰϾĵӣܲһֱš
ҲΪ˵һЩ֪ϵ²Ƕܾ⡣
Ϊż˼ίʵףһ٣ջǿڵ˰ˣĵӣҪν̵£ةȻȰֻʦͽ
˵һ㶼ûŲαΡ
˵һЩֱ˵ˣ˹ݴ񣬾˲ᡣ
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ةаš
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ĸ׷±塣
ãģһᱣصģ㿴Ӷˣãûʲôܴҡ˿οҪľ仰˸ϽĽ
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ɾةฮ˶Ȼ˭ǲܲͶû˸İ
ںδûüʣĶˣ
ѾԺȥѾӭ̼ӿŲԺȻԺкز˵ŻһȻϵôˣʵةкηԸ
ةūĶʱˣܲĶǿɲҵϽĸȥֻһʳаˡ
زѾһùԭ˵Ҿǡ
ةԸһҪ͵Уܽڶ֮ˡ̲Ƿ£ʲô취
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148һ·ͬ

ðɡزȻֹ, Ǹ
ȥɡź˶ȥزҲŮǵͷ, Ƕ߰ɣһʳ, һǣزȥ
ֻǷ޶, ʳзڰ, , زԱ, زһۣЦЦĴʳС
ʳ, һǿյģزĻЩ׼, һ١ٴ򿪵ڶ㣬Ȼǿյģزס, ֵĴ򿪵㣬һ
˶סˣزס, ة࣬, ׵ġ
ɾزһһ»ع񣬳زصززΪĥīɡ
ز΢٣, ȡīֽЩ꿪ʼֽţҵֽȱġ
زز˵¼ҹ棬಻檣˵ҪҸʵĻᣬھһõĻᡣǰֽʣزĻҵ֮
زĥī΢΢һ٣ǳһá
īĥˣʼʣԾֽϣزһµǺξ
ɾزֻ˵һ䣬де̧֣ͷز˼زδҪزһ·
ززˡһ°ĵķϣЩΪµķϣһµģɡ
ûɾʲô˼ɾ֪ô֪飬һֱ˵ߵһʲô·µ˶ٺͬУ㻹ңһġ
زĻѵһĩɾƿңһߣȥѰԵˣ
ʱԴ׶ʼɵز֮ʹ֪˵
бˣҲգҲգûһ˻ززһңߵʲôΪʲôֻҡܵززΪޣҡָززЦˣǱ㲻ҪƿңԶҪƿҡ
Ҳززһֱ·
Ը⣬Ը⡣زʲôҲ㣬㣬ҲɾҪΪҺõŰһ¡
㢶ǣǻززۿ΢죬ϣزԷǷ뷨ҪҲԶɵ¡
Ǵ治ɾһǵĳ治ɾԺҲһġزжٵĶŮһֱڵһλôڣ󣬻ڵһλϣ˭ȡ
һعأΪȴĹأȥ̷һװЯν֣ģջӡãҲû˻һˡǳˣһһˣҪһˣǲ˵ӳ˵ִ֣֮𣿡
˵ĻҪɾ֮ˣҲǡزţ·Ȼ¶Ϊزڣǰزһϵ˼ӣزȻλʱϲϵա
Щ꣬ûززң֮͢ϣά֣Сεķִ磬֧ŲҲãʮһգվʧȥСǣݵ֪һգ޻ڣٲΪɲΪ͸ųһ缴ļᶨǷݹâû
ززңˡһԼΪ£Թ޻ڡ
Ȼ಻ܸ־մһֻ
Ҳ׷ԲˣͷϣˡزѾ֪ʱƾͷ׷Цзᡣ
ҴҪģ̫ʹزóҩȻóһƿ̫ʹˡ
˵꼴ˣزĶ˵໰˵ڣزʵºһҩЧ
ˣֻҪټľͺá˵Ѿһ£زһ£ûС
ɾӵ˵ˣν˷Žزù۽ǵᣬŲ϶Ǻ˪һ·һһյģڲε⣬εصֺοࡣ
Ҳòãιڣֻǲˡ
ģΪһ㶼Ϊֲβµʲôǲ䣬Ǻ
ѾʵˣĻʵۣò𣬲ãһʲôʸõҳϣͰཻʮ꣬һһߵ죬˽ⰢˣҪȺңҪ̫ƽ֪ԺһģΪʲôҪΪΪһ֮ĻʵֵУึˣ
βϷ߽˲ϵˣĺ⣬ֻ׷ΪʲôҪִںΪһ֪νĺңϧ
ģ֮ǰԣսҲݣһͳ£еȴǡն壬ɱ¡ʩ޹ֻȨ׵ۣ¡֮ܶΪ֮Ҳ
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ʹػһ֪ΪΪ֮ǣ֪ңҡ
һΪһ΢ĹţѲܸ档ة֮ģסƴʮһգ޺»ʳةҶƽ⺺ҺةĹϵѡǸѡˡ˵ŻǿտҲʳС
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زҡҡͷҴıʲô·ֻ
εˣǾεΪΪͽ֮Ҳһةһ㲻ĳġ
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ڴˣ֪ٶĿ󶼲ˣһʼ˾
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ʦǰѽҩ£ˡοǣ
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