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1.   1    ң

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ͨȪȣߵʹʯ·ѽɽŵļе̧ͷխĵطֻʣһ죬Уصѹȸ˴
괸˴ԼؿڣŬƽ֪ԼǱƵɽ¼Ǹʦ֮Сʦ塪¹Ϫ

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2.   2    ֪


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ݵ֮ûһ˿ʢŭƬ֣飺֪𣬱ȥ߽׵ӵݣƷ塣ȥԺӷ壬ɨա


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3.   3    㣬Ҵ

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ջ²۹²ۣĿڵʹ˿û˼Ϲִŵָīڵɭ
˶Ǹ¹Ϫ߷ؿڣӲͷƤ֮С



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ơ
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ȴƽ׵һãҲʵСֱƵģģᵽһ˿Ѫʵǣ  

е㲻ӦЩ˵ϲ
ԵĸֵͻȻ࣬Զûн֮ǰˡ

æ·֮±ҵ⽫Ų˼֡



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ˣ

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лֱ˵ɡ¹Ϫ˿沿飬źӣ׳ʲôˣôżҷźţ

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¹ʫŵͷҭ¶㣬Ҵˡ

  

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Ȼ͹λĳ̶ȡ

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С˵ʶ˲壬˺
˵һ֮ˡ


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Ⱥε۶ٳ裬ʢһʱ

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ɵǣ¹ʫû֮еϡģҲϡ


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ɽԵӵԼɢ¹ϪȪȺ˱Եܾ֮䳰ȷ
ľ޴Ž⣬ʱʱɽƣύ˲ѡ
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ʱ֪˾ͳϣɽƺסһ䣬ڼ  ôһλˡ

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ηɽ֮еҰޣŵȽأͬˣŽһҲһ׮

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ͷ˸ɫѰ˸ߵĸͷЦŴӰ

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4.   4    ǽ


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л㱵ģûע⵽ԶĶڴ΢ĳ߽ɽ
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ЦʱںڳγֻʣһƬնĺסŹ־Ư޶Ƶûš
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룬ҲǳȺӰɵѹ򸽽޶ˡ

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ǽ㡣



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ˣ
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¹ϪãȻһˣ

¹ʫͷʦ˵⣬֮󣬻ҹҲ˸جΣʵһ㣡ÿǼٵģȻҶҪûˡ




5.   5    ϲ

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תȥѯǼӣͷʲô

λһûðͷӦĻ
һ  λƣһķӳǰ˼СʦĻǸСʦıչǡⷽ϶ʮﴦһǸշһҰԱɽһӰ޺;ױĲкȫǱһġ

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Ǻ¡

¹Ϫ۳ǰӵط׷ܳȥˣס
ֻҵϲʲôаԵĴħ



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ʮͷ Լһˣ̫ͷǸ¹ӣͿŲ档Ϣ΢á

Ľ¹ӣ¹ʫ䣬ʱ಻סһСܳǰͷһ  غţ񣬰𣿡

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¹ϪһԼԤ֮Уһ־ò졣


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6.   6    ȥﶼһ

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ʱʱƳнǰ¹ϪıӰ֣߬·˽һգ  ȴһζûлͷ

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¹ʫĲɵػ𰢽ȻͷȥĻ棬ں޵ҧҧ
ˡ

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ܵط꣬ȻʲôҪ  
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˵Ŀģصش˴СӯӯģůЦ⡣

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漣һطꡣ
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ɫ԰ףڲԶˮرߣû˺

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̫˺һʱյļ䶼ģˡ

¹ϪǴӲ˵ķϵߡ
£վӣ̬ǿʵ;˵ʣôδ˸ǻǿ

֪²⡣

˴ۡ

¹Ϫʱ䣬ǰ
ֻҪմı֮ˣһҹ֮ĨȲǣ޹ҲŹһˡ

֪ܡ


ѾһдͷǰЩڰѾûҪ֪ˡ
µˣЩۻ֮¡

¹Ϫ֣ҩͿĨպ֮ϣ˲̧ͷʱ־Ц⣺Ҳ֪ҴԽˣҶȡ

ڵУֻǱ꣬Ҳ˶ˮٵġ
ںߣ¹Ϫľɰ

Ӧ֪
һ٣ʵһֱװ˯ŷҵǽ㣬Ȼȣϴţ͵һᣬȷ˲šѡ

¹ϪЦ׾ӵװ˯ݼһװ˯¹ʫĵڣΪʲôҪװ˯  

£ɫףô˵𣿡
Ա磺ûΪ£ͻȻϣͬұƻġ

ƻ飿
¹Ϫ  ͬʱһͳƾڹȼص

¹ϪûʶŴ塱һվ
̽ʶ֪¹ʫһеˡ

Ԫȼ۵ĵڵվ󣬻ˡȺ鼤ڹȿŲӽ£ԽԽࡣ

¹Ϫ
ͻȻʶԼһʱ嶯ʲô

һû֪ĵܵܣֻ֪¹ʫȿϵĵ¡
һԣֱӰ˹յԼˡ

ƫǸĺɫŮħͷ

ˡ
Ϊպ룬¹ϪѸҩƿȳȥɡ

϶ѣ¹ʫΪƴƫ¹ϪȴҲ¾ϡ
¹ʫִһʣмʲôᣬҪֱµĽϱɽźʦ棬ǡմĴ£һϸھߵȻС  

ǰȡˮ֣ϴȥϲҩ࣬ãȻǣ޴ţ֪Ĳࡣ
¹ϪЩۣ £֪ʲô˵ʲô

漰Ļ£С˵Ǿͼӣۺֺá
˵ǵҵȨߵĴ

ҪԹ£ؽ£¹Ϫȥһء
ͶޣֱӴ뿪񹼸˳İ֮ģ׼ԭɵŮƫĵ˽֪

¹Ϫ㽫µʵŪˣԭԭظ֪ʦ׼
ʦзӱȻԴϲûС

ɽܽ㣬Ҿʹ뿪
մʪˮָЦȥﶼһ

񷽲Ц
ںڵȫӰԹӦá




7.   7    

ȪɽŴ󿪣
¹Ϫɫٵ߳ڳ֮Ƴ΢½ϡɱۼȻһֱը˹
ʮǸжɴ񣬶ʱһḺ́ڵϡ
ôض㣺ˣˣ˰
أӱħ̣ˣ
ⶼСʱˣ಻ѽ

¹Ϫ
ҵܵϹ˵ʲô

¹Ϫŵֻ뽫ӵĶϣЩ˼۵˸ݱˡ
ȺŲӡšɥĲ񡱡ǿ  Сɫáĵɨ

졣

ȫĬ롣

¹Ϫ

ɢ

ڵӣ򲻹ˡ
ʮܵԶˣԾȫŭػعͷ󺰣컯գ㡢ţȥʦ𣡡
ǻû֣Ҳû̻ӣ¹Ϫû

һʱʾΨ¹ʫһɽ֮ϡ
ҧ´ָһܾίģ֪㲻ˣҾͽǱ˵ˣǷǲֿۣû߽

ʼվ¹Ϫֹ࣬ɡ
ĿͬšĳΪͷЦһԱ綼ûСҲͬ¹ʫкǼɻ䣬Ҳ

¹Ϫ֮ܵİ¹ʫԣǵµĹϵ
ֱӺǾ̽ֱ¹ʫ㣬ûҪҽģ

¹ʫûбܿߣ󷽷ӭ޹ָʲô

ܵʲţ
Ϊǰվŵ˻Ǵǰİ㣬˵ȴӲˡ

ÿһζˡ
㶥ֻ˵ЩвĻֽϻˡ

ӲŲӣʮسš

¹Ϫ
¹Ϫ㲻ˣȵķȥڵҪȥѰ׼ʦһˣͬһȥɡɽߣɽ¶㣬ȥ֮ҪͬʦʦúõǸٽ˵

ҪǸ¹ʫһ㶣¶㵵
ɽҵĴ¹ϪҲ˲Աߣѹɤ̫Ϊǰ㣬㣬Ҫҽʦ档ͲϲңȫǿķµҡΪὫҸϳȥģ

¹ϪĿȥɽֻСû˻˽ɽߣ㵣ʲô

¹ʫʯͷԼĽţݺһ͡
ͱˣɡֻ֮˽£Ҫʦʦ𣿽ӦΪ֤飬ˣ

һֱ˳һߵȻҴûӦ㡣

ЩŭˣŴ˽Ϊ£ֻ赥Ըĵ

ͬǺ
´󳬳¹ʫԤϡ

⻰ʲô˼Ǵסˣǲ׿ڴӦ𣿻  ĸĸǵŵԼˣ㾹˵ûӦ

˴ϴðűķշҪѰ㡢㣬˿мҲͰˡһڳһƤŵضۿ죺㸸ĸдĻڴˣ㲻ϣĪǳƬСɽ֣ߺ㿴ΪҪˣ

ģô¡
¹Ϫˣͣ½ŲӹŻһۡ
ֽ֣дҳβѪָӡӣʵʵǰµġ

ҾûԼӡƤҲСѰһƬʶס¹Ϫӣһ֮ǰ¹ʫ䣬峤ҪͬΪ¡ҲϴӦͱؽңЩһӡҲʱȥģҸ֪飬ǿпµĻ

ǿп򣿡
¹Ϫʣһ£ƫŽʣ˵ˣ

ҡҡͷۣҪͬ¹ʫɻ飬ûдҡֻˮ̡

¹Ϫ
һ̣ɱ˵Ķˣʲôάֹƽǣ
ӳײ˹¹ʫס֣Եüˣ㸸ĸ𣿡

ʲôĸ
ŨĽţұ£ԭҶϵϵһݡʱıǧʯˣ̵֧ĵϵ

ڳ֮⣬ĸ㡣ЩΪòڣѡţһһ˳ȥƾڵʵɽﹶôã

˵ףֻϵġ롯ûѡȨô¹ʫͶϣȨƣûΪ˵峤Ұ͸ģϧҾͷ

㣬ƭˡ

¹Ϫ
¹ʫ⳹



ô᣿
¹ʫЩʧ̬г߬Լ֣ͼƽĵ𶯲
֪ԼԭǱĺӣ

òϼѵͯҪһϡȥ̷ֺЩģȻ´ǰļ䣬Լԭˡ

ΪˣϲϧǮǿϴȥͯļ䣬ٽǵϵŮһ㣬ľػ
øǣϵסЩųȥĺӣ  һĸԸΪЧ

׮ʵ⡱ƭ֣ʮδʶƹ

񾿾Ǽʱʼ֪µģ
Ǿһûв

һ߸˶Լݵ֪Լ޹أ·ˣλϹԹԴߣѰ

¹ʫܵ˳һ㱣֮½ǡΪ

Ϊ㲻֪λʸȨ֮еõҵĻ֪Դв峤عĻԱţɽ峤ɵ׼ʦ¹ϪֻһɣȴҲҶڡֻдӦҾͷ

峤վʱһͻȻðСɫ󡣹ʶһֱ㣬ȴʼûҵ޽ͬ顣ͬʱϢȥɽ뿴һɽǺ̬ȡ

ƫƫϴ˾ٴŭ㡣Ϊ֪ɽʦ滹㣬дǿ֮¡һݣȥͨ籨ţϡͬʱҩҩңҲɽ֮СֻԱ֮޴ȥֵԮݵİѱֻл

Ե߬˫֣԰׵Ϊ΢΢죬û뵽ͬŭ峤ʹϣҴԼ̣ʢŭ֮й¶˵˲ʵ顣ǿͶϣҲƶıһС

㺦ˣҪһͬΪ£ȥ

¹ʫһͺסˣɫʧѪöδ˵һ

¹Ϫɫ࣬ҧǿάǵ˾䣺
ԣ˵Щģ





8.   8    붼Ҫ

Σ
¹ʫĬ֮䲻

¹Ϫ̫㵣һʱûܷӦʲô
¹ʫĨĨϵᣬ߹סӣؽק˹һƽĮɤ㣬ҪһҪ


¹ϪֱԼĶ⣺֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡

¹ʫͨһǰ£촽ţۿ죬Ŵݣ㣬ǡӯ֮塿Ψһֲ츳ȱˡΨһϣ㣬Һòã

ֻҪ  ֻҪһ仰ֻҪ㲻˵ʦܻģ֪ġûʧʹޣߣ磬еѽһãһõİ㡣޽֮ͬ㲻ܱңҲᱳ֮䲻κġѵͲҺҲΪǵĽ

ٿأ
ϵʲôϵŪȨͯɫˣǸ/ѡǵ˵ۺ󱻾ɣֻ˼ﷸ֮£Һδ֮У

ž
һİƣ¹ʫȵ˵ڵأϣۿɼغһӡ

Ϊ֮˽赶ɱˣı˵û¹Ϫ÷

¹ʫ
ž
һ˦ϡ

ȡɣƺᣬǿ񡣾㣬Ҳ䣿

¹ʫڵϣ岻סز
Ǿ𺳣ǳطŭˡŤܵ˾޴ıѡ

ҪʹҰɣͻȻгֻ׸Ͳˡͬһ̥ģƾʲôҺãֻҪ޸ҵȱݣֻҪһЩˣ

Ȼʹ޺ģ·񲣬ɪһ£Ǳŵ
¹Ϫʶ߽󣬵˵
ҲȻؿǣסڡ

¹ʫһٴ뿴һ˲ǺЦĪΪ˶ҵģ
ԼأԻش𣬡ǰǰ᲻ôңң

Ϊһͬ߷ƵޣϲҽøΣǸˣҲѪԵϵĽãôܰң

Ǿ䡰ˡһѵͻأĿڣ̵ü
ץ¹Ϫڵָսɫ

ؿ¹ʫһۡ
һˡ



סÿ֣û
¹ϪƣƽһЩǿѹŭ

Ҳɱ㡣
ҲûԷһ
¹ʫ˱ȥˡ֫ش£شŴȴãɽһ

ԼƢԣ¹ʫóΪʬһߡ
˾٣  ΪǡġԼҲΪԭ¹Ϫһ顣

÷ôٴҲ׽˾ס

¹Ϫ䵭
ɽˣ˴£ҲӦʦᡣ
ǻʦһ



̩ɽںߵɽ壬
ϣƮɽ֮У·ͨ졣

ʦ׼ɽۣͷӵ
ɽݽӹ֮󣬱һᣬչЩݲݣ޳㣬ˡ

¹Ϫ¹ʫɽ̨ǰȥ̨ϸҵӣʾʦɽһ
೤ƵԶ

Ʈɽ᰺ܿ˻Ӧóһϵĵ·
¹Ϫָһɻҩƫ۾һαƼӭݡ

żŵĿƣֿ¹ʫ¹Ϫ
ݣ

¹Ϫˡ
CPˣ֡

Σá
澲Ϣ

¹Ϫֻ·ϵĲ⻺˼֣ʦ֡

ûϢľͣݾĵ·ˡ
µüü֣عƹˤʽƽĪȤζ˿Цףʦӭ㡣

¹ֱϪԼࣺŶ


ǰͷ·
·;Զֻ˼Ⱥҩ԰һ߲ˡ

¹ϪǡЩ·գʱǽʶŻӭ
δᣬ¹ϪƺҲδܲͷԵ̽Ȼǵһ⡣

ʦôʦ⣿¹Ϫ棬һ졣
ݲ𣬿¹ϪλƯƷ˵СӣһоڲС

¹ʫɽһ£ԭûֳ̫Ķ
ƫɽ֮ʱ˸ˣ¹Ϫ°ˡһɽȥȪȣͷйŮشСʱ

˾ɫϢ֮ڴɽ
ݱλӽ״󣬲òɽʸ˵֪¹ϪѰˣֳ˹أȻʦһˣǰ˴˴

¹ϪЦʦ鷳ˡ



¶Ҫͷ࣬ȥ¹Ϫܵӭһˡ
ͷ¹ʫ£ͷ񣺡ݼʦ𡣡

ԹԵҲͬ
ΨиսӴ״̬¹ʫ̯ڵ  ϣδɣͷɢ̳˵ģ

Ӧ̬ŵ߳һֻë׵İӡ
ֻģΣеǲ˹èȴһ˫׺Ľʦޣѩ

˫צ͵ĵ̺˸ذʦ¡࣬˳æء
¹Ϫ

¹ϪҪڣȴϣæҲæ
ѩ²ΧתСϪǿϣҪˣͬ˵غߡ

¹ϪľԭĽѵſ˼άƽлѩʦʱûС

ѩ̾˿ģϧ

ѩʦʶɽλߡ
Сһֱд˵ѩᰮԴ׽Ūˡ

˭ûܣ
ѩ˳ʦǾµĴڡ

ο¹ϪʧɱˡȪ̵ִ꣬ģǰֻ޺ëš
ܵһһޣ¹ϪƤѪģ
һɽ˳ɶֵӰ



¹ʫѩǶɸŲͷҲ̧
¹ϪܳˣΪڵ¹ʫԣɽͷ´ӽǹġ

ѩԼצӣģʲô
¹Ϫһһʮıʦ

תڶ˵¹ϪҲΪ¹ʫ֮е𾪡
һͨ˶ԷߵԹ飺ͲСҲ׵¹Ϫıӣûܹʲôѣ˴ƫ˼
ˣڳһļˡ

¹ϪôⳡϹļžġ

˲֪ãͷһЦƽƽ
˵

¹Ϫգգۣ
ɶ⣿

ѩҲߵĻˣȫ⣬һСյǰ
СƯϲСȣѵõ죬˵˵ͬСϪɵ£

¹Ϫˣ
ʲô
ôôû˵Ļû˾أ

¹ʫʲôϵҪʲô໤ʱΰ

¹ϪãȻʦ⣿¹ʫı˷ѲɣҪΪ㣿

  ɢĳ棬һ仰ٴξһᡣ
ѩݽԲĿ

꣬ô  

ͷЩ
¹ϪѰȥһﱧŸСҩƹ磬˳

ī°׷ȴǳ忡һ
Ȼֱͦȴ͸ŹѩƵҲĪЦݡ

¹ϪƵóüˣȻ˼žԲվŵôߵǰ
ôһΣ㲻㻤ˣ

ʧ¹ʫǱһ仰˻꣬ҵһĵݣնﶸȻһ˿ϣ
͵س¹Ϫ˹˫ֱȣ㣬ȾҰɣ

ʦĵմӣʦϲ㷸˴ҲСʹ룬»СС»ˡҾͲһˡ˫պףǱ㣬ҾֻˣһΣһΡ㣬ȾңȾҰɣ

¹Ϫһ𣬶Ȼʶʲô

¹ʫ̧ͷԭΪῴһűʧȴվݵݡ
һ֮꣬ǻ޷˵ɽǰ

ιļпվͷһˡ 

Ȼϵһ˫侲͸İصӰǱݡ
þ·һʶǸˡ

ôȥϷ
¹ϪΪӸ£ŵʶϴɱʱ

¹ʫһۿһ˲հף˳
¹Ϫޱ顢ЩĮһ̤յĿֻŸ

¹Ϫ붼Ҫ롣






9.   9    

òԵĵطȫ˳ˡ

Ϊһ֮ʻŷĲԼõˣһɱ˷ǽ壿
Ϊһʦ谮ӽӣһˣͬżϢڽ֮У

ΪǸħִܹıɡ

ԭΪǽ֪һֹĸһ̰Ѫˡ
ʲôεĸ飿

¹Ϫǰɱε֣˵Ķģ
һѽ˴ϻӿǰǵ簮޶ȣŻʹ¹ʫ䱾һٴ¹ʫ֮죬޿ڣʦдҶ޲ӡ

˵Ļ˶ȥʡ  ˡ
ѩ첻µز£˵ȻҲܻ䡣һԾʦļϣ˸Ƿʶ԰ӡ

ʦĦеҩã
ѩִޣʮ

¹ʫݺһ
¹Ϫ

¹ϪΪ¹ʫɱ֮Ľʮޣ 
һɣѪģϲΪ֪İۣһȪУζ

¹ʫǸɣ¹Ϫ硣

ʮޣ
ʦҪѩǰʾ档

ɱ˳쾭塣
ɿʦ׼дģ޲ġҲˣӦ΢

¹ϪΪġɵ΢ʹУӦǡ



ѳɶ֣¹ʫǱˣ
ʧĿһ㣬ǰĵˡ

ѩظȥ

¹ʫûʹֻǱʱͻȻŽ
ҧأ⼸ҪѪĿȴһûнк

ǹѹڳĬеǿ뿪֮Ҳɺبƫ֮С

ݼһ䣬ǡ
׼Ψ¹Ϫ̿Ҫһᣬͱȥˡи㣬ɡ

¹ϪûߣȻҲߣɵظಽ
׼¹Ϫһ󣬲⵽Сβͣؿһۣ

ãȻ

¹Ϫĵղű¹ʫֵ÷ߵʱ򣬾Ȼһ졣

ʱǰʦѪ޴ȥ롭
Űɣ塣׼ǸԾ˳ġͽܲΪ¾͸ˡ

¹Ϫ

Ϊʲôʦѩһͷ·뽫ǴճһԵӣ

׼룬¹ʫûͬ˵ѵһġӯ֮塿ͬΪ£де档οģúÿԸҲԣôõģ㻹ʲôģ

ҵԧףǺԼܵܡ
¹Ϫ϶ҪҲסˣЦʦС

׼ؿһۣЩȶ˲ãⲻϲĳ࣬ǻڡ
ʦ𡣡¹Ϫ˵־ͷƤ飬شĻ˵ˡ

ϴ˿ܣġ
ŵĹСӿȥҲû̫ķӦš

׼˸ûȤտڲˡ
  Ǹϵľͷ׮ӣ˻ڣ˭Ҳۣӯ֮塿ϡﶼɲҪ
ᣬƮİ鿴ñء

תͷ룬Ѱ̩壬޲սսģһҪȹȥ

СƯ˳ģȴúܣһ˿нҲûС
ѩ׽ʱҲ»ֵ̿ķӦΨʼգش¹Ϫԡ

ᣬ׽¹Ϫֲϴˡ
Ǹˡ



׼¹Ϫ˿Ķ⣬Ҳûȥ
˶ˣ׼ĴҲû뿪һ˺ɽء

һ˾黨ɲݣͣһԼɵǰ
׼վЩҫζĳ¹Ϫ̧°ͣЦʵΣ

¹Ϫ
ɽܼΨǰͻأ򳡴СĿյأΧ˸λųظһС;¹ϪôһͨĸߴľͨؽʮͨĹӡ

ûһ˿˵Ҳδɲݵҩ
¹Ϫе˴ʱеزͷҪϡЩ

⵹ɻˣʲô
豻ʦ֣صضԴ


׼΢̧ϱöӣС
ͷƳãȻı飬Ŷһչ꣬û˵š

ֵݸ¹Ϫûȥӣ֪ʲôöˡ

ʦ˵ǲӵĺöȻǷƷ
¹ϪϲѪ״̬еþˡ

Ȼ¹ʫܷĿǰܡġʵʵѪ̶ԶԶ롣Щǣ¹ʫ̷֮ȥᱻġɣ͵صһѪѪʼǵ֮

æͬʦлȲֽҿǹϻɵһƤ

ƽƽıƤ֮£͸Ĺ⾹ȻǼƯĸ̡װǹʵһȭͷСѵʯ
ͷһ˿ҲޣӨ͸Ȼ

¹ϪҰ죬ûüѯķ÷ǰһϵͳȻ˸

͸ϵͳϣڶʾѽֵ999ľֵȻ½㣬
ͬʱеϣһϵͳıǡ

壬18֣
Ⱦ11%ɾ

¹Ϫ





1  0.   10    廹ϵˡ

׼һһĻ֦ȥȪ¡
¹Ϫвϵͳʾʲô˼û֨Ȱ׼ڰʵ̩

Χûˣһʱյǰʵӯ֮塿Ǹʲôʣʦͦӣ
ϵͳƵġ©֮塿Ϣ˵Դơ
ǰǸghsԵʣʦ¹ʫἰû˼ӻѯʣֻ˽

ͷ
¹Ϫ˵㣬˻һ˵

˵Ҳǣû˾߹ңҲû˫޹ô֪
¹ϪȻû

ԥһᣬ񡯺̹ĺӲ̫һΪӯ֮塿

ôһ
峤ǲ㽫ȥ׼ϵŮ¯á

¹ϪĿͻشһ¡
ͷСɫף츳ȶӰԺ󣬻ҡ

¹ϪСĵ̬ȣ۵Ҫ
һЩýģûǰ⣬ͲǸĻѣ¹ʫӵˡ

Ǳ˵ĹƾʲôҪС֤νף
¹Ϫϧͷ

ֻǻ
һʣպֻбøǿܻס 



¹ϪȻһԼ壬µӵȻԶһ
˵¹ʫʮ̣Ȼû̱ͻ塣

²֪ǿֵġǹػģ˼ˣΧˮйͨ
¹ϪʱҲ´̼ġװ׵ѪߵɽſڵͷֻȥȪȡ

Ȫȱʦƫֲ¹Ϫıչؾ֮
һȻ磬˲
棬Լĵطһδɵ
λƫЩʺͬԺչԼã¹ϪǰҲ᳣塣

¹ϪȻϲȪȡ
ǽʦĽ̻壬ٽˮԴƽԭϽĻ֦¡

ģ֦ͨմ棬¹ϪƽͰȻضӿ
Ĺ֮һ  ΢ҡΣʱθ硣׷׻˹ƴͷԭֵĺʱƶ

¹Ϫֱüһ˳ͷ񣺡Ƽ𣿸ƬƵģ

񵹲Ƶؼһ
ȥ֦̫㣬Ҿ̫ԡ

¹ϪҲ֪̫ԡ
֦ʱϵͳ͸ʾ

Ⱦ9%ɾ

Ȼɾǻԥʲô 
¹Ϫԥ

ϵͳ
㵱ص

ϵͳ˵ֻĬĬ˾ܣ֮ġ

һ¹Ϫ꾻֮
½ǣһԭҰñֱӺ˹ȥССĳֵķţ䲻

㿪
ͼϵͳлһ£һֻӡʣ´Ƭհ׵Ľ档
мǸдš֮ġʹ֮У߿ɢɫĹâĿ

·һС֣
һ(1/100)
΢Ⱦ
߿ɾȾȣ10%
ͬʱɾĿ꣺5
Ч棺0.5%ÿСʱ

ұ߸ӡ֮ɢŵɫĹâ
һ51/100
ԶָѪֵֵ0.8

߸ӡ©֮塿Ұ޹⣬
һ98/100
죬ת50%

¹ϪǰΪٽӴϷֻһأŻϵͳϤҵܽ档
Ǹ֣ܺ΢һ£Ҳȣ

ϵͳ˵֦ǿԾģ֮ʱ¹ϪѾȾȾ˰ٷ֮ˡ
֮ûмΪ˽Ľҽ档

Ҷ廹ϵˡ
㿪һ꾲鸡ڿеĻ֦

Ļ֦üһģһΨеƬҶƬֽɫȥҲĻ֦СһЩ
ֽ

Ҫܱ߰׷Χڣһϵ

¹Ϫ˰죬νϵɣ
ǽʦĻ֦ȥٽϵͳռȡʾ㡣

Ϣ֮
һŽС綹ѿĽȻ֮Զλá

ԭ͵Իرŵһ㣬ҡŵ֦Ȼ  ɪ
ߵĳߴˮһ룬ʱή




11.   11    Ů

ڽߣȾֵúܿ죬Ӳ͵7.5%
¹Ϫ䲻֪ȾֵǸʲôҲǺõġ

һԵ̬ȣüܾöŵߣȻȾֵʼ½

ӣֱͦͦվԱߣ
ľĪѯʣʲô

¹ϪŹӣ㲻ܿ𣿡
ãʲô

ûϵͳ
֮ǰΪ֪ʲôġ
ϾҲǴԽģСӯ֮塿ú̫ˣ¹ϪֱĬϵͳġ

ϵͳʲô

¹Ϫڿб˸򣬺ޱظͣ⣬ôһĻһЩصݽܡѪֵֵ֮ģмܣǸ©֮塿˻

˵ͻȻŶ
󾪣ʱӷסôˣ

¹ϪȻļ񾯱̵Թ˵ġ
ǸղźȻ˶Ķ䣬һֵʧˡ

üôһ¡
оҲ쳣ͬû£ֵҸղ˵ˣŶ©֮塿

ϵͳ
¹Ϫ

ֱǸˡ
е죬ǴԽ֮ǰĹͬ˵񻵻ǸС

¹ϪСĳлֱֵеʲôˡ
ϵͳջǱÿ˿ڣˣôܸף񣡡

ôų⣬Сʵˡ
¹ϪһϵЩ׹ۺ˼ҴԽǲ㵷Ĺѹ֮ǰô֨

ϵͳ⣬˼֣㴩Խ޿κε£ϵͳܶҰ
һתԼڱ֮Щ㲻ԸǺˣ»ẦģҪǷҪҾͲͣУﺰһϣ

¹Ϫ
ˡ
ԭҲɶҪѶϢôҴţ

ûʲôôų

ûϵͳ˵һ㻹š
˵һ룬֤˻ʵԡֲͣǿҪŪЩ⡣

ƣҲ̫ܶѶϢ֪Ǹˣסһ  һ˵꣬ڨڨû²ҪЩһ᲻С˵©ʲôй¶ʱҪܵġ

¹Ϫ
ϵͳΪɶȥôء



¹ϪԸۣһûǡõȥ¹ʫ¹ʫУͣǸѡ
ܾ֮Ϊʲôпܵġ

ϵͳСָҲǺڻ֮ϡǵã˵Ƕħƫִ񡭡
ܹڣ䵽Ƿľصġ



¹ϪͨЩһԴ۹ϧº
񣺡

ϵͳ̫ˡ

¹ϪһͬظղŵĶԻϵͳҽϵͳݸ㣬ղžڳͷҡ
ɫҰףסԼĶ䣺ҲҪˡ

~¹ϪЦץס֣ҲǶصĳͷֻЩ˰ˡԺʱʣٸ֪㡣
ŰЩá


йؽϵͳֻһܣ籾Դ֮ʥ
صһСĶԴ

˵ǣȻγһԼĪԲһɵν硣
˭Ҳÿ޷֦⡣

¹Ϫʶʾݶλķ

Ů
̫˰ɡ

Ψһϧ񲻿Ժݴ
ϵͳԣҪ­ڰɥ뻹ա

¹ϪΧֲ֦ⶫûȻ
Ⱦ̫ߣʱ˽Ľ֮ڣȫˣŻá

æЩۼҪĺ
¹Ϫų֮ǰԼԱһӳסȴס
㻹ˣЩ¾ȲòˣеϢָɡ

ӲԶСϪȡЩɾˮšëݸЦأЩԼ
¹ϪοˣڴͷдšӶ˰

Ὠ𣿡
ҲǻҰһ£ʵĥģ˲š
ԭ̫ЩǰֱסɽģĲɡ

գգۣᡣ
¹Ϫ

ҼԺͦģҲ䷿˳ؽţŵСģҲס𣿡

¹Ϫ  һ飬ԥҲǲԡ
ֻǷ̫СˣҲûʰ
ʼԼཨһֿģöѷһЩƩЩ˵ӣ໹ǡ
ԱС˲٣ƫݣҲ
ཨһӶѣɲίš

ҿԼȥʰһ¡֣Ƚ㳹׺ˣٽҽӰɣһҲһʱ
¹Ϫ˵ˣͷ۵ļԼطůСʹǻˡ

ֵͷ֣ĵָ⣬һһϸµزš
¹ϪӵֱЦЩӦʲôʱѧЩ

ûѧϸָģ᲻뿪ֻ뿪֮ʱ̲㡣òټˣһЩ
̧ͷ¹ϪԴ㵵һ£ʧЦСʱ򲻶£ܽнˣſǷúܡ

¹ϪЦøոɾһ˵ʲôǷǷģ⡣
ָϵĴỬ¹ϪЦģӣ쳤˲ȥ̧ͷҿ~


̵شŲɿߵɨһ£ôˣ

㳤ÿ˰¹Ϫþ档

Сʱͯޣ
̰׵Ƥںڵ۾ƵģǿɰԲԲ״Ҳ΢С

Сʱ/ӡ

¿ֲһˡ
ģЩеϸСϸƬɫ֮УƯ˻

Ӿ 
һջ۵ģ
Ȼֿһʱټʶڳɳţҳ÷ɿ죬˾档

¹Ϫֱһ˵ߣ壬Ƕꣿ
16

Ǻǰడ~¹Ϫջ֣굽ȥૣҶû㾹ôˡ
Ц£Ҵñӣְڷźñҵ߳ȥЬӣҹϢ

ţϨһµơ¹ϪӦЩҴȥһƷ壬õӵơ
á

Ϩ˵ƣ˳ȥ
¹Ϫʵۼˣȫǿŵľ

Ȫȣɽһ̶ҵģ񣬳˻Թȥ  ûôϹۡ
ϢԽϵƣȴ޷;ϵ룬ֻúõ˯һ

¹ϪͷԺżӵ죬ֻصǰĴ
Īģܿس˯ߡ


һ͸Ͷ˵Ƥ֮ϡ
¹ʫһ˫ۣſڴѹʶѣҵʹ˲ϮһξŻԭǼʹ¡

֪ӲѩǸֿ̬Ϸˣһʹ죬Ҫʹ࣬尾ģ

һʼûȥưܵС˻Ӷ־塢򳰷ٹػĿϴ
ǵǴ̴ܴһƤ⣬ʴꡣ

裬޲ˡ
ȴֿ־ľìܵҧǿš

֨ѽ
ľŲ֪ٴαƿ

¹ʫûжһ£ľرۡ
ãû֨űߣ˴ڵĸдȴ쳣ǿҡ

¹ʫ̲סۣһû뵽ˡ





12.   12    ϵ

һµɽʽۣ
һ˿ĪеѧԺԵ̵ļӸС

Ҳǰ޺ģƺرϸˣɫҲǼõģݰףƯúĿ
˱Ц⣺ ˣ

¹ʫϢţŲ
۶۵ģʶظܵΣʲô

߽ӣɨһۣϵشȡһ

̫ԣûһ˿в֮⡣
¹ʫ֪ʲôʣȡʲôǰģ

ҡҡͷԼġ
Ƕ࣬޹صһ䣬ľ㣬㡣

⻰ɹشʹ¹ʫ
ܣͻȻ˻ȫѪ˿ÿҪѪأ˵ôأ㲻᲻ҵģôģᣡ
㣬㣡ңسż죬ܽҰԵߵˡƫ̻㣬㶨ȻʲôءȻôҵġ
ʹ֧ŵһ̳ױˣ棬ʧޡ

Ŀ޺ġ
ȴһЦˡ

Цִ⣺԰ƫҡ

ϲ  ңƫִƶǿˡ



¹ϪĿȻϮһʹѣ
ʱͣȪֻʣһˡ

ϵͳԶ˳ʾѪ͵᧿Σ8
״̬ġ״̬ġʧˣδֹһ㡣

¹Ϫʶʲô
¹ʫѾûˡ

е˵ζ
ϵͳ˵ġΥصһɢ𣿡

ϵͳ˵񲻷װˣֻлظġĳԭչ¹ʫֲΪūΪһҪ¡¹ʫܷȡֲͷϡ

¹ϪԤõ֤ʵ˵ͷ
ϸһ룬־òԣô˵ġûΪ¹ʫܷͷңҸղôһºݵģѪ߻ôˣ
ϵͳȨ֮⣬ش𡣡

¹Ϫ
аɡ

֮ѾȻ֣Ҳȥϸˡ

ϵͳƫԼʲô˵۵ֱǽͲ룿

  

ѪߴΣԵķӦǻУǱһ㣬ֶ̧Ѿ
¹Ϫǿȡ¸ڴߵǬͷ˼ŲѪĵҩˡ

ԭ֮ʣǬҲһֱʦ׼¹Ϫ̩ʱ׼˳ֻ
ͷȣΨҩͦġȴʲô߼˵ļһƿڣѷЧ΢ֻ

¹ϪѪ߻ָʮҲӹ

¹ʫˡɫףݹһһʱѾ˽ȥˣĺɽ¹ʫǬת㡣

¹ʫ֮¹ϪѾͨġǰ֪ˡ
Եͷûж˵ʲô

ӹǬһͷǲ١µķ׭ſԲĵҩһһƿװã档
һԵõǸɽ㻹Ҫжˡ

¹ϪٴθпȻвò־صĽ㣬һǬ
תͷϴµ·͵ƣЦų˾䣺ܺʡŹԹԵġ

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ƳԲ԰׵ɫһ䣺ȥݵǼǵʱûǰ˵лɣ

¹ʫµĵˣһ컹ɫ  ֮С
¹ϪԼһ˻۸˵ҪͬȥǼǡ

˵ûС
¹Ϫĵһ£֪ˣҲûҴȥͷǾͺá
𣬹ھֻ˹ˡȻȲִ㣬ʤ徲Ҳֻٳʲôˡ

Цá

ǰ֮Խٵ¹ʫǵ£һ¼ڵòᣬľƣ
ǰ̫ƽʢ㲻µؿЩˣֻعƽӡ

¿ܰˡ
ûбĿ

һֻɣ
ϰݵϵ



ǰֻһʱһųȥȪȴűΡ
İƬǵȴ˼ҵĹС  

¹ϪһƬҩ԰һ
ɽֲЩι˼ֻ˵ޣԶȤơ

ջ߸ԼӣȫԼ˵Ĳᣬǡǡ෴ձϸˡ
С¥ͤͤ£Ҳ֪Ƕʲôգ͸Źӳɷ׾ªС㶲ͬһġ
ﲼּǰļһģһһҰ¶С̨

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ŴţͶԼļªСݿˡ
Ƥȥռ¥Ըݸ˲ֿ⡣

۸ҲգЦذæңűҪˡ


һжƽ˳죬Ψģǰ׼ǿ
¹ϪԭΪҪʦһ㣬һѾ󣬸棬СźŻ
һʱû㹻Ľϣȶɷչˡ¹ȥһνˡ

ʮö




13.   13    Сɽ

ƣȴɫ
¹Ϫһöʦöĸ̵ԱȣֹȻࡣ

¹Ϫաũľ룬Ϊ֦֣㡣
Ȼʱƣÿջһ̶ʮŵԱȿɼӵɫ𽥱仯ңջʮӵʱ򣬹ӳ״ɫתΪɫɫɫʦ𵱳Ĺ

Ҳδ棬ıƤǬһ࣬ͷ̺ûб仯
;ǰ̲  ֮ʯϢɣָ֮áʯָһЩƺ΢ΪãԽЧԽ

˵˵麣ӾȵĻ
ͨʯ𵽵ãǴˮͷȱˮӾˮ
һװһĵˮ˲㵹ӾأͬʱһӾء

ٶȿ졢δء
˲ʯ+ҩ

ӵ˶Ʒԣ˸ֲʱǿ˹һ
¹ϪһϲһԼĴƻĳƽ⣬ΪǶһҵģƺѴ

׼Ļ֦Դ½ǻλǰʦʹ͡
ÿֻһλ֦׼ָһ֦

𿴽ֻһ
¹ϪһɫЧúһöһʯࡣ
֮ɫƷѾȳɶʯԺ»ɼԽãԽˡ

֪̽ʯڻ塢һЩСԴеظڵ֮ӣѰɢòͨʯģֻܿ컺ֱ֮ʯ±롣

ʯԴԭѾΪ֮μһ蹵
ֶ

֮Ľ׼ǹ󣬻Ȩ㵹λߣ֮µǿ߱Ȼ޼ɵɸԴĶѭ

ɿžʮѾʮûе۾ˡ
Ⱥ۷ָԻҵļɵ΢Ӷɣڶݡ

Ҷݾվ˱һɣģɱϲۺá
ҲˣҶݽ粨ˣڴ°ȳĵط粻ô̫ƽ

 
һпԤķֻǽһ֮ϣ
ûȾȵĻ

¹Ϫ֪ȾʲôµĹȫȾġ
ҲʱȥʦҪܹȾĹӡͬ׼ʦǷ񲻴

׼óҩо꣬Ծްѷϡ
¹Ϫ֮ġһƾȾȰٷ֮ʮµĹӣû͵͵ȥ˾±εؽסˡ

ֱһ¹Ϫһηֳ֦


¹Ϫ  ֦ȷԼҵȷʵǳˡء
ʦҪһһһһνβڶʮʮȡ

ֳ֦ʱҲһ롣
ǲζţһʵѾ൱ͨˣ

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һȥֻа˸ߵĴСҲ󳤸
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뵽ֲҪܱ߰׷Χڣһϵ
ѲɣдٽĹܣ

¹ϪǽĻ֦ڽһλȥ
ͬʱȡһЩ½Ĺӣ񣺡Сɽһȥʦǲ£

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ҩûϵеܵܰѧҲһġ

ĺ̴߳
Ȼؽӹװӵֽ

е㲻⡣
ôˣ¹ϪֱЦɰ
ǰô

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ǰԱߵʱ򣬲ꡣ

ССĽһΧھͰ
֪ôɢˡ

¹ϪȥţһɰǴ޵Скﴧɽ񣬽վſڡԲ۾ֱֱ

ãȻɪһ£ؿڡ
㣬СϣԺܶչ~

˵գֻɽС֣Ҫݸ

һ̾Զ֮¹Ϫһ˲ˡ
ʹʵڵ

ѵĵضƽӹɽ񣺡Сĸɽ񣿡
һ£˵ǡ

¹ϪЦˣ~Сɽ񰡡






14.   14    

Сʱϲƺˣ˾ͱˡ
¹ϪĿ̩̾ߡ

ʦ׼ǲչأһ»һҩΣһһա
¹Ϫͽ֮󣬶˶˵ҪȥҲص̫Ȫȵ㣬ҴȥԱߵ~

λʦ㷭˸ŲӶͷЦȥ£Ҫҹ٣Сʦװ~

¹ϪӰ룬˫  ɽ¼ѾĬΪ¡
ʦ𣬶¹ϪҩγҲһֻ۱һֻۡ˼һСһ˻ҩͿˡ

¹ϪûӦ
ͷͨ죬ӦãһЩȥġ

˻һʱһζغЦ
ϲʦãϲʦá
Ǯ籸ˣʦöӣЩ֪ͨǡ

¹Ϫ
ôЩå
ͬ񴿽Ĺϵ˵ȥ˭Ҳţö֮Ѿýˡ



׼һͽܣдʦݣʦ棬ʦ£ʦֽã͵ӡ

ԭ䣬룬úʦֽǴһƬ
¹Ϫ֮ȻˣȴԾĽʡ

ʱʱᾫıЩĸʳߺƵĵҩ¹Ϫͳȥ
ּʦֽǵӱȥͷݱ񣬵ףŪܳ
ʦ֮佥ϵ˲٣żҲͬЦˡ



¹Ϫͬʦֽǰ˾Ƕչ񣬴뿪
ӭʦѩ

׼Ƥһ̧֪Ҫ̿ˡ
ʹľ治ɫԽߡ

¹ϪڨڨϺ˾ʦ𣬱һߣͬѩ֡

ѩ⣬Ӱ׼ͷĻ
ֻȰ׼Զ¹ϪŽҿŵĲ¶ͷʮöѩʦ壬мҪ㡣



׼ѩ֪Ȫȵϲˡ
¹Ϫһʱվóɫʱǳһ

¹ϪɴͬЩʦµİɫûȥоһ£вһŪ˵԰ʦһ
̻ף׬⡣

ѩռСıˣ˶ʮİ׹֮࣬źֵ̹ļʯϵġ̹·Щˣ˰׹߼ʯҲȽϺʣԺ뻻ʱҡ

ѩ룬Ȫȵһ쳣ԭڴˣҲ鲻

¹Ϫ

¹Ϫлʦ
ʲôڲһء
ֻҪȶȾ׹ԴˢȡʦȾӾС

ѩĵӣֵ˾䣺  Ҫ׹ʦӦûһЩ
¹ϪһʦҲ
ȻСѩЦƳһۣצϵëֻһˣ˲ַ죿

ʱۺ͹Ļ֦֦ҪίһЩһ꣬ȸ㡣˭ҪܹԷȪȣһ֦ų㡣ѩָͬԽ򣬡ӦöЩ׹ʣֻ࣬һˣĴ󡣵ȼҲʺϷ̹ͬǻǱȻǸ˵ġ

¹ϪĶˣղײգҪͬ棬üʱܻɴ໻һЩ׹ϣӽ
տγ̣ôûʦ֣

ѩ˸ǷϿͣ˵Ӳˬ˳ʦȥҲá  
¹ϪͷӦǡ



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նڼȫյŷֱ˵Ųڱչأ˭Ҳ

ɵˣʲôʹ˳г˲ӡ
¹Ϫգգۣ뵽ʾһ׮òܲܡ

ţһڡ
ŵɫף

Ҿھ⿴һʦްߡ¹ϪƵЦ£żſ£ѵ֮岻ʿɲС£ʦţҲǺ¡

˲ȥֻ濴Сһ䣬ʦֻǸսЩȣµġ

¹Ϫ仰Ҵҳݵľȥ



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ڱչأ

¹ϪͷһȦߵλãһ˿϶
ոҪ¹Ϫüᰡһ

ֵһ㡣
¹ϪƼϵͳϸıǡ

Ⱦ15%ɾ

¹Ϫ΢ȾȣĻתƵϵ
Ϊصز˼ʦ𣬶Ⱦʾ

㿴ʲôˣ
¹Ϫԭأղԣͼקֵֹֻ֣ˣҪʦ𡣡

һ̧ۣ͸϶һ˫ڰ֮ΪĿѪͫ

й

¹Ϫס䣺˺ðɡ





15.   15    

Ҫĺơ
ϼӴбսӡԭ谵ĵ  һƬ뵤¯֮лӦơ

Щסˣ޷۾ȥ¯ĻĿ

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֮УΨĺǻһƬ֮С
ǳصɫϣȥ˳ĺֻ͡

òƷһƷСسš
Ʋۡ  

Сʦá̲סأૡ
տ˸ڣͷµľ˸š

׼ɤ䵭רע񡣡

ڨڨջĿ⣬δӦǣ

Ϩ¯ȡƺõĵҩ׼ǰʦ档
Ͼû׼£ͬ¹Ϫһƺʦ𣬱ͨӰƺʦ档

׼⿴˿ҩƷɫɴƷ̫ˣҪЩ
ĺ

׼ҩˣĶˣվЩȥɡ
ȾһĨϲ⣬ǺӶȻ貣ԡ

ǣʦ档ǣԹԵллʦָ㣡
Ļϲ⣬ڡ
׼ƫ¹Ϫ㰮ݼڡˣ̲סҲЦ£ȥɡ

Ҵʰ˶һ·ˡ



񲻳ţӡÿγԶŶ¹Ϫͬġ

СʱΪӲã΢Щûˡ
һԳŮͻȻðռķӣŲǰϸ˺ٰŰ

żţǸ׸ͽڼ
˩סʳҲֻһˮһȥղء

ԹԾȣ
ϧû˻һСĿߣҲûԵ˺ۿΪ֤ݡ

άһ٣
ֱ¹Ϫ

豻òΣҹ򾯷Űͯ
黹ӺŲձꡣ

ûݣ޼ҿɹ飬¹ϪҪȥʦ

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룬
;ԾΪһʣһǡ㡱ɡ



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С̺ӽס΢֣Ц𣿡  

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ӴԺ  ǰ

Զһͺˡ

 

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ӵķܰ˽ͤнĺɫ֮С

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ݱĿһŰ¹Ϫǰس°ͣ۾һգգ׺Ц
һס֡

ԶԶĿǣ֣жȻһƬհס


ܳһʱ䣬¹Ϫûв
ߵɽڣƼˡǵȺѾõӭЦͬһߣ˵ʦѧĿγ̡

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ȴֿƲסԼأԽϾšҪ֤谮ĺӣִվ𽥰ĺС
ű˷֣ߴŲ

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ʱ
ͷƽԭͷһƹâ

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ޱߵĻ

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·ʲôĶ



ݲòᣬ
ֻǱ˱չرʧأһ촦

˺ôһ¹ϪʩԮ֣
ûһߣֱ

¹ϪûҪ⣬Ūõó
ûӲ־ãֻý˴Ȫȡ

ûʧȥʶֻľܵ˼صȾ䣬Ϊŭ粻
˵ûһǶˣֱڽԵİ˽ͤ£ص˾䣺ûƭңһ֪

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ûһŮˣҪˣСĸ߹ģ

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ǰ󷴲¹ϪȻȤζ

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ڣлġ

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ʱȥ¹ϪȾȽ9.9%תɿɾ״̬

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ҪΪ¹ϪҪ£ͼˡ

¹ȷͼϪҲûӦʡԼúֶλ̫Щ
ȻҲڸǰۼȥˣһչûУֱղ˵仰




16.   16    տ

˺͹Ӳһܷ
¹ϪҲֲ֮󣬲еĲ졣

̶һ̶ˮֻ޼ѶȵĿ๤
ǱڵĺϢȾܣԴԴϡ

ˮͬʱˮˮȵٶȣĵʱ䡣
¹Ϫ㣬ͬʱã֮ǰκãͶרע

  
ǰȫ˲Żأ
࣬ղڱ㻺ƽҰ

ɫЩ԰ףɫ²ɫҲǡгĺۼ
糣عʣôˣ

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תͷͬ˵˾Ϊ˳콲츳;ΣϵͳҲûﺿɥ

ӵνܡ츳ھžʮڲʲô¡
Ʃġӯ֮塿츳һֻ֡ǡ츳һ㼫ΪһҲпܺھѣ˲Ҵš

ݶ¹ϪԺɣܵü죬Ͼߣ˵һǺϡ
һ߻Ȼһҡ
ÿСʦûԵɺϵعգȻϡͿ˸ͷ֪˲

ֹֻ֣һУλʦúʦгڷáΨҳ˲ӣ
ƽʱҲƲʦڻ֮ܵ¹Ϫһᣬƻصֻ˽ʶʱŻᱩ¶׶


ذһߣ¹Ϫľ̸ͬ

չ  ʵʦ콫ڵųʦԺҪ⾻һͬһҲС

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ʶͷƳԼֻ֣忡֮ϣѵһ˿ӵ⣺ִˡ

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Щᴦôܳ£
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УӦ˾á

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ϵ֮ϣ˵Ҫ֪ʦһ£ٴεл֮ˡ

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ۼֻǲ׽ӰеʶݶԽԣĴڡ  

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䡣
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17.   17    һҹ

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ͬ˯޿ɱ⣬ǻļҪġ

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ʵ˼ԸᣬӲаǳڲζɡ

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ֻ䷳һһ飬ͣزֶ֣Ҫˣ̲סֹζộˮϴɾҪȻŪԣ



԰ΪʲôݵϢôأ
ᡣ

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һֱͦͦԼıҸоҵִδнôɾ

񣺡

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£÷һߣһ㱻죬  ¡

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߶Щ򵥵ĻƣƩʱæݵҩ֮ġ

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Ʋͷٿ˰ҹޣת¹Ϫ

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Ϣ͵źǷβš˯ɣеء

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µƷ𣬴ˣͷһʱֲָ

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굽ᣬѪգ㡣

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ӿǵء

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ûȾƣȴˡһԻõξ̲ס૳е¡
еۡ

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ʶԼ˵ʲôõѪ

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ɾܸ/ʦֱͨҡ

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΢΢һ

ͫԴЩҲЩΪȫ˳ɡ
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ڵףԼԵķâ

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18.   18    


¹ϪԵǵ۾ǵ𣿡
ޣӦˡ

Ժ̽ͷ⿴
֣޴ĳǳûãã֮Уۿֻʮӵ·ˡ

ǳؽգ½
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š
Ӧߡ

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ĵط΢΢ЩԣȽƯ

ǳ˰



ɳɽһǳء
ףɽطֵĴƽԭʢ黨ɲݺħˡ

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ɳǱܵĳֱӣӹδһδ޳ջۣԻɢũԽԽࡣ
仰˵ɳҶΪĵġԴ㡱
ҶݾڣɢɻǸҡɣֳڴ˴ͨޣԴ
ģ֮Ӵ¹ϪʱԶԶƽԭ֮Ϲѵҩһ·ӵҰ֮⡣
ǳ֮棬ȼɽҲضã˿ǷѵĴ

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¹Ϫͬһվ⣬һΪ˳Ǽʶ  ĥ·Щ׬Щ˽Ǯ

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Ψеļҵ¹ʫԭµǬ䣬ͷԴĵ߰˰ˡ
پΪɽÿ¿쵽һöʯٺ֮⣬һ

ԱǰνһףķûС
ɽǷϵɣոҵӣûڱ֧ţƶ

ʦҲЩȫݰŵͽ׵ƽ￪ҩڲǿԸ㡣
֣ɽӵзʽΪӣÿʯַѾܺˣ󲿷ȫԼͷޡ˵ʲô׭ҩͷ״Ҳղ

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ɣһҪ޵ſᡣһЧɵ塣

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Ҫǲװݣպôһ˳ţ

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ֱһ䣬㡣
ͷСҵƲˡ

¹ϪԾһ



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ѰõĲ࣬ʶҩũԸִ˲ݣֻԻɽʱ˳ڴһЩ

Сڵҩݣȴ¹ϪĿǰΪҩݡ

ͷ䣬޷Ȱ˵׼ֹͣȾĹӣֻôӱ֣뷽跨ȥʦѧãǰҩѧ취ɾӵҺ
ʱ֪׼һ´󼪡

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¹Ϫûۣ۸Ԥ̫࣬ɴöһʯһˡ

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¹ϪδȻһµ忡ײײزȺ߹

һ˫ض
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19.   19    ҵܵ˵öԣ

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вͬ
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ܲܶģȫ湻
ջ֣˵֪գ¹ϪΪ£ûЩƵˡ

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Ǳۣ˭֪˵ͱˣҶݾڹ·˾ͼңֻɽСŷ̻ͤѾʸңõһ֦̻ŪȶԴһ󲽲պҪҶ㣿

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վڴߵͷָָȺ֮а׾Ưظ۵꣺үơ

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ҲǺ¡ĥĥǰοԸ૵Ǹܳµģҷ˵ôˡ

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¹Ϫʾ֭ŴԭĲȱѹγ˶йǰ忡ӵ¶

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Էߣ⣬ͬһתͷǽͷ˳Ц飬ĺģþ롣

¹ϪǾˣ¶˼죬ͷ  ԽԽа
ݱԭͼһҹǿǿͷŪԭɨء



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ף˵ǹǿôµԸȥ˼ҹأ
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20.   20    ߷

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ôȦص㣬־ɲ뻢ıƤ

ͼʲô¹Ϫ룬
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ҡҡͷ
¹ϪתͷԶķ̻ͤᣬ߰ɣǽȥ֪ˡ



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˫⣬  ؿ׼˸ʺ˵ĵضġ

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21.   21    ʧ

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22.   22    ҵĴ

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23.   23    ı

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ʵȴõѡ׼ͬҲԸ֮涼ûܶҡɼиˡ

ɻΪĿɽ
¹Ϫ

ǰԭʦˡԽ֮󣬱ȡϮСԭʦ֪׼ǸѵԸƫ̻ĺóǱʶȴһǽվֻžˡ

ˡ
ǰǸ̰ǮƵʦ飬£˳Ҫģɾߥȥ¡޶ëġ

Աȣǰ׼á
Ǽƽղ£ӿֿסµĵ
ƽƽֆ£Ͽ̱˵ɶ

ôһ룬λʦλ˲䲻ͻˡ
¹Ϫ̬ȿֱ࣬Ե  ʦ˵ǡֻҵ츳¶ҷܵõӣȴҲͬʱᱻǺޣΪжΪǳûԱ֮ʵڲա

ҵֶβȡǱƵһأԼòˣȻҲñ˺á
ر¶Уű˵ıӻ

˼ǣ 
¹ϪǬȡǰõһЩƿݸ׼ΪҺڷͬȾá

׼ü

ʦȻʣҲͬʦˡ¹ϪʵصγŶһҩģӦܿͿƳһҺʦ½£ôֻҪҩݴͶгֶ󣬲ݣƾ¾ãݻ֮ҵķ
һ˵վޣ˵֪б׶ˣִڡƾĺôǲ֪䣬ɱֻ֢״ڵȾǻڵۼģǾ߻˵ʦȾֵʮ࣬ǻܵʮϰ٣˻һ˵ء

¹Ϫ̾˿ɼⳡس̶Զ룬޿ɱ⡣ֻһһȺʹ̻Ը¢ΪƾĵȵʦʦǽͻƣɽᣬԱ֮ٵǸһ֮ҵĴ㡣ôȨôԼʦΪأ

׼ü
ȷʵµĴϣѡ˷ɣҸΪ

ۺǸõӣ¹Ϫͬʵ飬Ҳȥֻص١ץסݺݴѹҡ

Ѱʱ򣬹ĶҲͰˣʱΪڶ
һҪˣվͨա

׼ĵ̾һ
ȥʦһְγΪƣ˻ֹ֮ڶأ

˻еİƿͷһڡ
Ƭ̵ҺҩϲгϣȻᱻ˹㷺о顣½ʿ࣬Ƶҩǳ¡ȶԣƾˣ˿ϻһ־Ͳ߰

¹Ϫҡҡͷ  ҺȻǵͽ׵ҩݣɸ֮мҶһǾȫſɣ֮£ҲֻУƳ˵к壿¢ϵǱžԭ򲻿߼ۣȴҲ·ڼչôȸҪǿ

׼˵ˡ
Щһǲ»ֹǼպ٣һ
Ȱ˵¹Ϫ˳壬˵Եģǰĺڸλ߾Ӷ࣬ӦеģܹΣա

г㣬ľȼ¡ҲԸ£⵹ϡ
Ǹ¶ģСھɵȥ·ͨԽ̻ȥһ·ϡ
סˣٻܱȫ

úȥҲ޷

׼붨һöƽڰ֣ΪɽƣôôɡͬС

¹Ϫɵˡ
˵һѣڸò׽˵ˣ˾ǴӦȻ׼˦ֲˡ
ʦִô

ʲô
ʦʦ𡣡

׼һۡ
¹Ϫɣʦ

׼죬Īǰ룬ֻİǵģöˡ
ӦͺɣҪԿҾǡ˶٣鷳ز䣬ЩëƤСҾС

¹Ϫϲ̣ǣʦ~ġ
ԭҪǣһ¥¥δϨĵƻͣڵתʦƬӵȥ

׼⣺£
¹Ϫ˴֣ڨЦ˵ˣͬʦ˵˵˽¡

˵ѩҲˣӵ̧ͷ

λһ붢ţ¹ϪһĲŽ˵ڣӯ֮塿¡ճ֮ʲôעģҽʱҲзִ硭

ѩԸצצ͡Цһĵ˵ı顣
׼Цζ

ִ磿ƿƿƣЩͺˣɣ
ѡҪɻ𣿡

¹Ϫ
ҲǸ˼







25.   25    

롾ӯ֮塿˫޵ĺô, ׼ûжᣬֻһ飬Ըȥ
صǿʣ, ָѰϲ٣δ˵޽֮ͬǰ, , ģѪҺд/  ֮Ч, Чʱ䳤̲һ, ȫɢ

¹Ϫһһϸ, л׼֮, ߵſһ
, תͷȥҩ

Ǹɻ, 
ʡЩеûġ


峿, ¹Ϫҩг
˶ʮƿҺÿƿ֮зַʮ, һȾ㡣

һֹҩЧʻ̫Щʹáܿ첻˶١
¹ϪŲҴ, Ȼݿ, ϢɫпɱûšתȥݣͬҺ֮¡


ɽǳʮصСɣЩ½½Щĵӣ˼ԼǧĿ
Щһ棬Ҳʹȥȥͷȵȵ񣬲֮ڡ
׼ҩʦյҲƫⷽл۸ġʦ, ǿʤνȨơЧɽϾǸϵɢɡҩʦĶ࣬ҩҲ࣬һȻ

¹ϪߵݵƷ壬ڱĳ֮ᵽҩ㡣ǡڸڿΣһ¯µ
ڿοã˵ӣǰţԺǽǵˡ
ײһƳ͸񻨵Ĵ̬϶ˡһѩ£ҩ֮䣬Ȼ
ʵüۣĵ

֪ˣΪ䡣
¹ϪջĿ⣬ΪȻ


ɢ˿Σ¹ϪûˣֱӭȥѰ
ͽ׵Ӽ׷ɫ䣬Ψֱ֮ŵߡ

ߣȴһסȥ·
¹Ϫһ㶣Ŀȥ

Ǹò׵ĹͳһʽĵӷҲйӱ崿档
·ûƼֻݡԴۿﺬᣬίŵ¯ҩˣȴ֪ģǵáʦ𷣣ָԽ򡣡

ݴ̧ͷԽŮӵļͷɨдſϷ¹Ϫһۡ
ǲЯһ˿Ц⣬Ůӵľ𼴿ɡ

Ůһϡ
¹ϪЩûЦ


ʦ֣ɽѵɻʦͽ𣿡
¹ϪһԺߣ棬һ졣

ǰ˵ɽʦͽֺŰôҲþݾʮ˼ġ⣬ĴС˼Ҹֱðͷģŵľˣǵ졣

ݣ  
¹ϪûĻشƫͷβԴʵİһʾ׷ʡ

ۺȵ۾ʦͽ


¹Ϫ뵽λݹ˻һ
һ¾ͺʦͽȻܱҲѹִôҡ


¹ϪŰ׼ƶݱ뽫쵽µټλºһ顣¹Ϫȴټˣתȥ鷿

ԭɻ¹Ϫͬ׽ʲôҪ˵ǽŹµͷ
ţֽ鷿Źϣ͸Իˡ

ϵķƵѳһۣ
еҪˡ

¹ϪûĻţתЦͬ˵ʦЩˣᴿһЩҩġ
ݲźۼ˿ܴá

¹Ϫдŵӣ󲿷ǡҺᴿҩģʱЩᴿƺõҩҺҩ룬پһκɳҩʡȥм䲻ټظᴿЧʴ

ٲͨҩҩģҪΪ˻˶Ŀ⡰Һ
ȻЩҶ֧ģϾ

ݲ⣺Ҫôҩᴿʲô
¹Ϫ㽫ǰͬʦ˵ļƻһһʮ

ʦ𲻹ܴ£ݡ
ⲻ͸ͬδCPദʱʡȥĻһᣬ˯ͷѽ

¹Ϫ֮ãһһϸڡ
ԽԽ¹Ϫʱ棬ŲҲ

׼ͬΪС׼ɽŵλã⵱Լļҡ
Σѣɽһ̲Ҳڰ׼֮һɽˡ

θУݶԴµ̬ԱȰ׼Ҫࡣ
һֱţ鵽˰

鷿⼱ͷ
йŮһôãŮǳСʦ壬˼һеµģҪǴȥҪӵѽ

żæŵأס˲Ա߾ģ̷׼ӵĵӣѯʵʦմ𣿡
߽׵߱ѱٹȣ˶ǰòϰԣǱչءճʳЩֲݣһһ͡

ӱżֱţûۣⷿŹһˣҲû춯
˫߬һ𣬳˷ۣ룬ܽ춯
˵  ǻܻ

Ǳ̨ʣ˫۷ֱһͲȥʦ֣ʵе¡ײʲôÿģСʦǸħӣܺ

տԥôһ죬ûһյȥӦˣʦġסҲˡ
ҧӹ̣˰ˣȥǣ

ϻعⷵհӿϲл̣ŵĨ͵ˡ

նվݵ鷿ſڣš
৵һ£˴ͷˡ

ն˫̵ָ߬Ȼ
ǱŵˣȻ˼֣ԴССʦ塣

¹Ϫβᣬƺ鲻ҽҪ÷ǵһ˫ӡ
⣬ٳŶһתͷҪߡ

¹Ϫסȣˮ¡
ֻŵػعͷȥ̷ڲ輸롣

ߵü
Щ磬Խ鰸ϵֽţʶԿһۡ

¹Ϫǰһ
ǡסߣʣϴε˺Щ𣿡

ָϴЩߵһˣЩС˵¡
ǣأɿסĿ⣬áȫˡﲻɾز䣬ʦҵҩлСʦػ

¹ϪģصͷǾͺá
շ죬Դȥ

ٴιˣݲſڣ˵ҺĵȥҲ޷
¹ϪЦͷôУֻǲ뵤ɽڲȥĸӣǱҪ迼ԣҶ֪Ͳ˱ǣźá

ݾ£һۣ˵ǡ

 
¹ϪͶɽˡ
ݽƣƽһͣʱʱЩʳϹϰˣһٲԣӾͿʼ顣

˿ͣ͵ĲƷʢ˻ȡ
¹ϪʳԼʢһڣȻŨ㲻ȡ

ҪãǬȻ

Ƴ۹
¹ϪǬȡһƴʯͷʯͷ֮ӰӰԼԼԳһ

ͬںɳԻϡ淨
һƽƽͨʯ飬һʯͷд֣һʯͷҲԳͬѶʯ

Ѷʯӫ⻺ԣ
дһ仰˺ŹǺͷ⣬㼸ʱ~

¹Ϫ  ͻȻͲˡ

ʱ⣬һΪ˰£ҲΪ˶
ŵеġɢˣټȽϺãʡöನۺͷ

Ǹ˻أʦͬҪ£鲻գͲȥԷˡ

СĲɵغȵյĻš
ðQAQ

¹ϪԲһʧ䣬ԼһڼԷĳ
˶ˡ

ˣ
ǾΣҪһƫˡ

ƨµĵˣŲڣܲþ
Ƴ겻ᣬǹģ̸Ҳһġ

¹Ϫƽһݡ
¿ʦ֣ҾȻȥˣټ

뿪ʱĽŲʱæࡣ

ݴ
ռ̫ã¹ϪʱСȰ˵û꣬˿

뿪ˣǵҲ֮ɢˡ
һ뷹²֪ģͻȻûʳ
վ˰ɡ




26.   26    


¹Ϫ, ڸϻȪȡ

ʱѲڣϦɽڵƽԭϹ߰Ψȼɵ⡣
Ѱζȥ, 
ʱŲĪ˶, ̽һۡ

⸡, һ˹ڲ, Żðķ, ֪Щʲô
˫, ȴһû, ·ڰص˭

¹ϪĿһʹ²Ǹ˰ɡ

ɤ, ֳЩ, ƿţһ
ݼ, òȻ˽ӻԹԵ˵̨, 磬ʦҪԵҪæ, Ҿ;Ȼˡ극𣿡

ʱӭ, ϰ㲻Էŵʧ䣬Цþϲ
һûأÿͬһ~

ĵú޽٣Ӳˡ
ЦЦλõĶ£Էɡ

һһȫĿζġ
¹ϪĳҲ, ص뷹ͷԵר־

ųСͣˣ
ˣʺϳ̫Ҳûߣ˹غ

¹Ϫ뷹ףʢһ뼦
ݹʱ䲻ڣջΪʲô̫ң

¹ϪӼһЩȣҳԷء
񣺡

  Ĭֱˡ
¹ϪֱҪ˲죬̧ôˣ

㿴ҡֱֱ۾ģŵίһΪճţǶȥˡ
ɤӷɣʲôأûе¡

Υ͵Ŷż١
ûѿǽ˵ǣԹԵ˵ͷ

ʣǽʦʲô£
ⱻ¹Ϫ˿Һᴿƻͬ˵ˣޣɽڶ࣬ǺʵʦִӦҲֳһصɸѡȫǿŵġ

вˣһӦĻͷ٣ϲ˽ύΨʦĵͶҲ״⣬ԭĹϵǴǰϵܺã

¹Ϫҡͷ˵ǣͣ
ƫͷ׷ʣǣ

¹Ϫ˻¶
Ҫ֪ģֻǴǰûкʵĻ

ٳٿڣʵ

Ȼ
һֲԤУӿεĿֻš

ڶͼǲ˵ͲҪǿˡ

Ҳûʲô˵ġֻǻߣЩ˼ˣʵҾʦΪ˲֮ͬΪ¡ӺãӦǸ䡣
¹Ϫ㷵أûŵƳһۣ¶ȱ˵ֻûһƲأûø֪Ρ

ûظһ飬䣿

¹Ϫһ
ͣĻʱδŴõİ顣ȻżȻҪɻ飬͵úԼϲˣ̸ʲôʲʡ
˵һʣžŻɡ

˵ҲŻ
κϵͳԼţû˵ǽҸʾİš

ƴǺԵԺϵͬദ£ŵ鵽ڡ
ԵֵˣҲЩԽһ϶ݺʣͻֱ·һֱˣȻά

ûӦ

¹Ϫɫԣѹɤ㲻ɣ
ô˵൱̹֮ǰ˵ԷǹΪ֮ģȫ

ûС´ǡ

¹ϪϴЦ
ʰ꣬㻹ţȻطϢɣϴû¾Ͳ  Ҫ߶ˣ³㾡罫ãʲôá

˵ţʰˣȥݵˮ
֮ϴ벻Ҫ֣ȥ۵ľˮˢͺá

ӣ׼ȥȡˮȻ˱סˡ
˫ֽȦͷĲ䣬ȣỽ㡣

¹Ϫͽ
ϲ㡣ߣɤЩײĵơ

ħ
¹ϪͷƤ飬ͼ֡

ȴø૷ʣͬʦɻ֮󣬻᲻Ҫ𣿡

¹Ϫһ¡
סȪȣȥͬסأѹزĶ͸űľţʱҸô죿Ҳͽֿ

ԭڵĻᱻ߽ĳ谮

¹Ϫ߸ģһ䣬ƽȵ˵ء

ԭ˼ۣ⡣
񱾻ǸӣʹǱҩӰ⣬ôŮ֮İ/
ֻǵϲҪԶһգ

ô᲻Ҫ㡣¹Ϫϵ֣ɤЦذҲ˵¶ֻûһƲ˵Ժ󣬵˵£ѵܲɵɵ

˸ԳɼҵԺ 


  ·ˮͷը˻Ƿƽ˾

Ҳֻʣһ߿ǣαװˡ
΢΢ţϸظӦ˵ģ᲻Ҫҡ

¹Ϫ˿ͷİɡ


¹ϪĽ٣Ȼٱ
෴ʼŽָ쳣ƣһҪʧ衱ܵܵĴ飬鲻㴫ŸԼ޷Լ
ûٳ߶ֻڼ˼졣

֮
ӵһõҩҺ

¹ϪһһƷԲ
ͬһҩҩȡҺһ¯ҺЧҲֺ

¹Ϫ⣬ЦͬҺһʱͷʦֶġЩûͷ߶ûӴʲôڼתȫʦֵֶΡ
ݱͽµԼûͬˣƤӺѣֱʣáҺȳҶݴ˵ƫԶ֮أҪȥ½Ҫ󣬱Ҫͬ걨дñԤô죿ֱͬԣ

¹Ϫû  ɽ绹Сءôһ˵סˣ˼һ̻߻ȫҪھǰɣ
ҪһߵġݵҲһ򡣲᳣̻ھǰ߻ζˣòϡЩ½̻ӵԼдԴкֱ졣

Щ̻᣿
Ʃ̻ͤᣬ̻ᡣ

¹Ϫ룬ƣĻˡ

Ȳ̻ᡣ¹Ϫ˼֮ȸǣպҪ˽𡣡
Сεҩ˳ȥԼҵ·ؾغ;걨ͺãֻ˵ľҩҺѰûùҲⲻԵЧҺ½Ӵ̻ᣬߴεĻǲźÿۣҲˡ

Ҳġ

֮ʱ뷨ıּõ顣
¾ôɡݿ¹Ϫ˼֣ˣϴβ˵ҪȾ츳ˢȣҲͬʦÿڣҪЩ

óһǬֻͬ˵ҪоƾԱʱ֮õġòϣɻǡ
¹ϪǬһƣͷİ׹ֵȻʦӣ

ʦ֣׼˵÷ѿһһͬ˺ֱɴһ㣬ҹ棬ȥ͵ˡ
±ˣʦֽҲô죬ֲҪȥãǰ˾

¹Ϫʱͳʦģûʱһȥʦֽ㣬ݾ⡣

֪ˣ

¹ϪҪ
ŮϵͳעĶݶλ֮ã׹Ů
ǰ˰ˡ



¹Ϫϣҩڳ˳Ը㷹
ƽնʳһӻȣ½ʳʣûڡ»Ȼһȫصġ

飬һԸ
¹ϪȣмʦְҴæԺʲôҪģֻҾǡ

һ˵Ȼģδϵӻ
ǵáǡҲҪæĻصɴۣ۵˿ǳЦҷ绹ȡҪһö񵤣ȱһöħ˵ҩδܻãҪһ  ɽʦ𲻷һǰҪҸ໥Ӧǲæܷһˣ

ȵС£Ȼڻ¡
¹ϪæӦˡ

Ŀ뿪ȪȺ
ϲ̷ߣĺԵá

˹
ң

ǰĵΪûѰӡ
Ѱ˺ʵˣ̸ǽһһǧ

ǰջǻ˵Ĺʦã¾Լһˡ

йŮҰ໥ٺٺ١
Ϊ£Ч˫޵ĺӣָտɴ


ðݣΪ˳׼
һݣһʦˣʡĥĥҹζࡣʦ߻вòء

ʰæ֣ȥɽҪܾã
¹Ϫ˵ǣ˵Ҫ߰հɡ
ħ޽ƷߣݶΣԲ󣬵ǣôô

ۣۺôȥҹܺĴ멣𣿡
¹Ϫգգۣȥݽϵģʵ㣬㡢㻹ˣŵġ

ֻСˡԡͷʪɢšȣĴѩ׵ĵϡ
ͷָһÿ½չʾƣ˶ˡ

һ㽻½ÿͷǴɰϸƤ
ǣؿڣһֱ

Ưţϸ׵ûۡ
¸һǳǳķۣٹձܳɢˡ

¹ϪƳһۣʱջ⡣
֪ͷĹ⾰





27.   27    


ȥɽɲ, һ·ΣգССġ¹ϪĳȻ˽ģ˵Ҳʵ, ʲ, Ǵڼﰲȫ, 

òӦ˾, ͷŵè, 䡣

¹ϪԾ, 
߹ȥǰ, ЦţʲôҪ, һ㣿

ҡҡͷ, ̧ظһ΢Ц, ûʲôҪģƽЩͺá

Ƶʹܵܰ
¹Ϫ, ˣš

Ȱϸ£ó½󣬡ҹ, , ֵˡ

񣺡

¹Ϫûע⵽Ȼң
Դֻ·һһҪϵϿ

ԡٵýˣŵϾŹӵ㣬ɾֺ  š
ָļűһ㲼ϣƺܸ֪Ը¡

¹Ϫ
ط֮ʱ򡣲֪ʱ, ʼʶؿʼܻ֫Ӵ
СʱҪԼһڡʱ˻䲻ڣ۵ҧһȦӡҧģҲӲȥʦǸ״
ǣ䣬ˡСβƵģЦţԵҪ

ʵʶȵĽӴҲ޷ɣ

񱾾棬Ҳ
Լܣˡ

ò´ָ֮˸ķ
Ȼ޹۾ˣ͸ҷϢһῴġ

ָ˿Ķǰ
һ˲

ĸᵽĪã궼
ַ·ֹʣĿ

ۼջҪ뿪Ȼ֣ס½ǡ

¹ϪǰƱͲȣȻס½ǣЩ˵ϡ
ҵ˫ּʱ쿪ڴϣǿ֧ӣãȻظ

ͷڴߣ
˿䣬׾Ưݾߵľ롣īֱͫů۵ףֹᡣ

¹ϪĿ͵һҪ
ȴһ˫֣ˡ

ɤѹҲŲ˵ΪʵŲԸҳšҵԶ޷ı䣬ѵӴԺ㶼һڼ𣿡

¹Ϫת˲ĵǣȵȥΣյĵطܴȥġ

ķܣֻһΣԺͲˡ

¹Ϫһ죬
úܡ

æϴԡԺˡ

ĳŵһ
΢΢ƫͷհģϸǽϲЩʦ 


ڵ˵ôֱӵ
ҲᲢ۰ɣͬһָ顣

ǿ󣬡ٻһʷ
Һֻܻһѡ˭

¹Ϫ£Ȼƽĳ֮ʲôļµ
֧Դͷ

浥ģע·𲻶ڿʲô

˰ɣ
¹Ϫͼ  Բͬʱˮһ˭

Ц£
Цò£ԡ

¹Ϫⶼʲôħ

ԥȻǾ㡣

ǾұСž𣿡
Ȼǡ¹Ϫֵؿһۣôô룿

ϸ˵ⱲӿɣˮҲ̸ʲô˭ǿ˭

ıں˭𰸺ʡ

¹ϪնûԭҾǻ㡣Ȼô˵ʦֲƽܹŲƫУƽȣǲˣ

Цֹ
粦Ƽգɲġ

ûס˫ֻЦ׽Ļ
Ǽձ£ӦңҲϲ㡣

¹Ϫĺֵ÷̲סӣŹЦ֪֪ˣ֣~

ûЦӯӯȥ
¹Ϫ˴ߣ̼ЩۺȰǲǣһɱޣ

Цպ٣䣬ǽȽŻ˭  

¹ϪͲаˣٲֵ˽ȥ
ڵ̺ЦŤһš



ҹ¹Ϫ񷿼ߵʱ˻úõġ
ϳʱͲˣ˸գЩԡ

¹Ϫ벻֮ôðֻܰοԸԼ˸Ĺϵصذ˽¡

Сϲζȵóüɳһţ˵Ҳġ

ȵȪţ˾˵ʲôҪ
Сɷף͵ͿţȥÿģֻһСµģǣҡ

¹ϪQAQС
ʹһҹģǧٿס

ͷݣʦ֣ҪǻǴһɣŲһûչˡ

ƳȻ۾
Լĸд

˾ʹɡ




28.   28    

ɽͷ, 㲻·˰ɣ
һɫװϵ˸ݣߵһ˵Ķͣɽ, 黨ɲݱض, ô, ëû, ϡ

ͷҩ¨, ͷҲû, ǶǴҶͷ  İɣ˵ĶǼǰˡ
߾ɽ·, ˺Щ, ̾, , ͷѰһһëƵڿɽɲݡݸҲٴ, ƬӲ֪òָܻ

λ彣δԼϢҴҸϹ, Ȼĩ೵
˼ɫ, 棬Ǿʲô˶˵Ҫȥĵط֮ӵĹ䣬Ҳ֪ҵûС

װӼ֪ԼȻͷһ鷲ˣҲ˲ˣڸҩʱʲôģͨ, Ĺǻɫǰɫɫ

ҡҡͷˣ̫ɽߣû˵

λΧһΧ˷ʱѰֱðȥˡ



¹Ϫһͷɽϣ˺ü̽ߡ
/½ãôɽҲһѣôԽͣĪ˷ųϢ

ɽͷһ࣬ȻӰ쵽ħޡ
ǰͼϵļ弶ħ޵ĳѨ¶ѳ˿ճһ֪ǸԲˣˡ

ʼδ¹ϪŶԲߣЩء
Ͼɽɽı䶯ٻӰ쵽ǡ

ֻһˣǸ롣

ģȻЩСðӰĿ֡
Դ϶ź¹ϪɶԵĻŴ£ֻΧת

¹Ϫ³˳ӣһЩɽţɽڳ˱ʣΪɽһԱװҲҪװڵĵģѽ
ԣͬЦ£Ȼɵˣ޵ʦѽһһӵˣûͬ˵ˡ

¹Ϫһ

԰
ҸⷽĲá
Ҫǹҵָ̫࣬ʱˡ

תһ룬ͬҪ֮£Ҫ㡣ǰ˭Ҳ˭ء
ôһһˣɽǧˡ͵͵ʦȻºͳȣϣպһҪλõˣȻʲôҪ£ƽί

¹Ϫĳ  ȫΪãĵˣ˵ĵ˵Ļġ
Ҳ۴£ͷзִ硣



һ̽Խ࣬ΪѰҸ߽ħޣɽȥ
Ҷһ滷Ĵ½ɽӱϽǣһֱ쵽ɭ֡

Ҳ֪ǴıģԼ׳ɵĹأ
ɭֱԵĦӣ߲Խӡ

˺ӵĵؽ磬ɽȦĸһƬ׵

˴ɽһͣĦǰ
Ƭɽһȳѣͳ˿տǣҩݵջҲȡ

ʦԸʦúʦֶİΣЦۼ˺ӱ߷ֽ磬Ҫسˡ
Ҫڣ¹Ϫһָ԰ѹɤʦ֣ˡ

ʱٽƻ裬ǡЩ磬ҡεӰԼɼһɫĻ⡣
˲ԣ͸ɾħ᲻ö⣬ˡζƮɢζԡ

ӦǸ߽ʿ򲻸Ŀŵ
Ҳͷ࣬Ĺء

ݿһۣҲˣʦļҲӲԽӡǳɽʱ򣬱ѩСʦһǿ硣

Ҫǣ¹Ϫ˵ţûжɺӵ˼
ݵԶԶŸϢɡ

¹ϪЦͷ
ҲһµģãΣԼİΣ

æȣȥһֻʾ̻ź˻
Ȼ̻ڿըһ̣Ļٿɢˡ
һֱ϶Ĵǵʮӣ۷

¹ϪЩƣûʶĵˡ
ǲԤҲˣ·𻹸ıǷֱˣҲ¶

ʱͷѰ˱֪Ŷˡ

¹Ϫǡ
ͻȻǰסĸ첲תͷ˼ۣ㣬ˡ



ɽ֮׷Ѱħ޵ټϢ״̬
Ȼʾ̻˸ۣصؽ̻ڸľϣˮƮҰΧ֮ȼΪǸͷʾΣգûб¶ڵλá

˭ʾûиˣһȺֵó档

Ⱥ˸ﴧŷ
Ϊߵλ걳ǣ֮ϣ  Ϣɲ⡣

ӣʾǲǹҪϿǣҪһ
Ҷݱǻᣬ¹Ϫǿɱһ

ΧûˣҿӦѾ˰ɡ
ɽֵĲҩ˲˵ܹӣ
㻹һ˵Ļֻͽħ޶ӦùǺȻĶȥáҶƫԶ֮أʲôطֵüɵ
ֶ֮࣬˳ǹԻеĴţǳճǼưա˶٣ţӶ԰ǻſϢ

ǰӣǶǧˡȴһӸ˻ȥԩµ˲԰˺ۣˣסôˣ׼ȫҲֵܵһ

¹ϪϢ͵ƺƤĪ¡
ݵڰ׷д֣Ҫ侲

¹ϪˣԴȥ

ӽǣµԸ¶һŸ⾫µ
ֻ棬Ȼ߷ƣ

¹ϪˣΪ¶첲ֵʾ⡰йϿԡС񡣡

һɻ
˵¹ϪΪſƻڵô

ô棬ȴǷˣ

ŮΪ

ıü



һ˹ˡ
¹Ϫ߶ûһںֻ֣۾̫һ񣬾ָо

ݣ
¹ϪѾλѹ

üͷǺ¡
ӢĻԺգɲǵкǵġ

ߴߴ̸ĹڡԼòƵˣ᲻ÿֲ⡣

»ǻع˵ɡ˵ز˾̫˹˺ӣ»ʡ

ѩʦ͸¶һЩѶϢ˽ƶϣӶ԰иʶǿǿħ޻ħ޵塣ȥ˶ˣ϶ᾪŵǡ

¹ϪΪȻҪߡ

֡
ǰһ͸ĵ

ע⣺ϵͳ⵽жȾ

·һĦӺӶ԰3Dͼмһ鱻Ⱦʺɫ
¹Ϫ˫ְǱһûסԲ˾䣺˿

ʲôȻͬʱ˿

ϸһۣˡ
˾޴֩  ѨСȭͷĺɫ֩룬󵽰˸ߵĺɫ֩룬ۼһ

¹ϪˣƤһ
ֶ֩û֮һ

ֲ̧Ļϧ
Ļһֻ֩붯£Ǹ֪ʲô

Ⱥʼˣ
ֳһɫĺسһطȥ

¹Ϫ
ͼȻʵʱ𣿻ܶ

뵽ʲôϵͳŷһ

һжȾԴ
ɽ쾵10%

쾵ʲô
ϵͳ˵ͼӶ԰ΣһϾܿóϣܹˡ

ϵͳȻڣظͣһַȻ

Χδ̫ͳ˰ɣĸٷ֮ʮʲô
ģˣȥδֻҪҪĶԿٷ֮ʮǿöȣָѯʮΡ

¹ϪͷƣȻǿʮεģΪʲôֱӱעʮΣְٷֱȵʽأ
Ѳ⾵ӻܳܲɣ

Ȩףϲ¶ֺںһ˲ظϡ
ϵͳЩżϻ𣺡Լ۱Ⱥܸߵģ㻹ܶð˿𣿡

¹Ϫ֩룬û֪ܴܴ򡭡

Ρ
һͼƬ˹

¹Ϫ޷ϰֻڵ۾ΪŴޱë

鵽ͷ˿Щȥ
˵˵ʲôͼ

ϵͳ
踺صؽѪͼƬˣ·ֽܡ

¹Ϫ˺һŵͷȥЩ֣

γȺѪ룬ɱ񼶡ָλû

ϵͳȺǣ˵ÿЭ̡
Ҫģ㻹񰡣

¹ϪǷˡ
ûͬȵʵʱ̸⣿ǻû˾ûˡһôܻôΣյĵطһ٣ֻȹͷʦɽһԡΪôʦҲġ

ϵͳл˵Щؿ޳

ֻɽ֮У֣¹Ϫ⣬ѯϵͳ½˷𣿡

ϵͳۼѾ߳ȥ·һƬҪͳۻؼˣĻ䣺ʣʲô  ֪

¹Ϫ
졣

㼱ʲôգ
ƬжȾȾ̶ѾܸˣûɽΧѾѷ𣿡ϵͳûٹͻɳɸ߼ȾľܲǿԾмȾȾȱߣʱͻû취ˡ˿ƣȾűøѸ٣ٴνһ䣬䣬˶ѭȥ

¹Ϫ֪ϵͳ⻰ٴ˵ſŵˮ֣ȴȷϾȻҲڼ

˵ˣҪʱ䡣
ɴһɽôҲҪյĹ⾰  

ϵͳԻ˼ֿеķ
ǰͷͻȻͣûЩײȥһ˹

㡣קס¹Ϫ֣ܾ㣬ָָǰ

¹Ϫתͷһа˻֮߳
ΪīǱӦù˺ӵĻڡ

ʲŷ̻ʾǣ
һת¹Ϫϡ






29.   29    

, ֱӼ𺳣¹ϪԤڵĻҪܶࡣ
۾ٲڣǷģ

̾ɵ, ȴܳô
ѹ, ˽֪

֮ᱦķ, ȫʦúӢǰһ㡰顱ķϿ˿ڣǡ԰ǽ, ɺӿΣ, ǲҪȥ

˫˸, 
Ӣ˺ܿĴ, ΢, ϡ
¹Ϫ׽, ˲ᶼѡ

ʲô


ο˼Ǹײ, ô룿


ڵһȦۿɼذȥ, ȻҲ뵽һ硣ôӢϲŭ, ǫ͵ģлʾ, ֻǲ֪԰кηգ
ǿδʾǰ׹ӣһСװȥ󣬵Ƕ¶ۼ
ʾںԵɣֶڰΪԱ̬֮Ҫôϲ⣬Ҫôʵв˶ϡ
ɽˣǵ֣ˡ

Ҫ֪, 
¹ϪҰ죬һѪȺѾ

ٿȻ̧ۣһۡ

¹ϪûвֻȻ֪£߻Ǿ  һҲ޷
Ѫ֩ȺȥҲûã˺ܺȺ

֪Ѷˣʡðװ׶һ򲽣ʿĽħ޵ĲƷѪ֩ǱˣùĻЩɽıˡ

һӢ֮ɫ䣬ͷӶش
Щ죬뿪ʦѩʦ֪¡

¹Ϫֹ˽ｻû꣬Ҳû˳Ӧߴ٣
ǻûҪʣǾȳˣ

ڵǻһ׳¹֪ĦͷȷرԸҵͬõıԷһɡ
⻰źƤ˵ȴǶʩ
ֻ˲ˣ¹Ϫ

¹Ϫ£Ӣ˲֪ñط꣬ȻԸ͸¶ҪϢ֤δ˵ģֻǹ˼ǸСų̂׿¡
ֻҪʩһڸȻԸһ֣οǻԸ⡰طֳһɵı

¹ϪʺŲ
ǲʶѪ֩룿

꣬Ц
׳ɫǳɫҪǰסˡ

ϴº͵Ц⣬ֻЦ۵ףӢʶٿࡣѪȺȻɲҲ൱ʿڣпһԡ

¹ܾϪ֩벻ǽ֫𣬺ࣿ
ֻҪʶ޶ԡһ£ŵҲΪաֻʩʱ򣬲ŲԱֻһЩˣ޷ֿȺҵʦҲǾʱһ˶һŽеġ֮ҲӦı𣬻ǿԳ

¹Ϫһ⻰üŨŨĲζô£
㲻Ǿԭǧ֮ĸ֮ôܻӭģҪʱͲغ˸أ

ϵͳͷл費裬ܹҲҪһ˰⣬ҲǸ˰ˡڷλܸߵģȻѪ֩룬񡣡ٲãеףô˲ӡ

¹ϪԥˣΨһܿķӣֵһԡ
3DͼָӦÿ  ޶ȵرܿ֩룬ӽͷգֻСɽ̫Σˡ

ϵͳҪǲģ¾ͺˡ϶Ҳġ
һ˫ۣ͸̫࣬ϧʲô˵

ҲһĹǡ
ΪţȻ縺š⽻һΡ

ڰӢʦյľԮ˵ҪСǾܾʲô¶ɽֲ˺ãӰ쵽һĽ飬һȵ

һֵ°ܼƣ·ȥ
ݺ¹ϪһôӦһͬ

һҪߣ¹Ϫѹ֣Ҫ⣿
¶⣺

ѪȺ̫ΣˣĿڶҴԣ»ס㡣գҺܿͻ
񼱰⻰ô˵ģһƬ־ͰȫɱԽѰô죿㣬ǰԿ

¹Ϫ˵ΪѣŵʵãȻ簮ǶԺ˺
úܣɾһͿס

Ҫúô߲ҪܣҪ߷Χ֮ڡ¹ϪɤӣΪӲĳǵˣ´ξͲܴˡ

һ˵ûﾳвʮġš
£⻰СӦá

һԵġ




30.   30    

˺, вȡǵ㲻ƺɢˡ
һ𣬾֮ǰ¹Ϫ׳ҲЦͬǺѡ

ϵͬɼһߡ

ݿ䣬ʵѽӴٱ¹Ϫܾ, ˶Ը
Ψ, ʼ, ޵ؿ¹Ϫߡ

ѪȺ, ֩С, ʤ֩ԷΧС, Ƿɢع, ǿԾܿġ
鲻ɢ, ǸʶСǰ̽һ, û쳣, ȫķǰƽ

нЧʺʤڰȫ
ȴ⵽쳣¹Ϫÿѡķǰȫ, ż©Ҳܿػس

һȥ, Ϊ·ͷ
ڰ˲, ͬһûһش

׻˵ֲЦˡ
¹Ϫ֪ίߣָ°ˣҲû  ӸӦ

˽ϻǹϵƱźš
ˣ毺õһƤ࣬ҪֺãѰûֿܹĹơ

Դֹ֮޵͸ֹ, ׽СԵû겻ᡣ
Ҳ⣬ֻ߹ԵʱϢΪǰԷ·֦⣬ȥµľ

¹Ϫλܸ߰ѹԭء



ĦӣֲֵڼûӰ죬ظïܡ
ߣҲüѣһչȥҲв˶·

ҹ޵磬Ѫ֩ĳѨԶѱ߽ޡ
⣬һ˲дҹСҹѰ˸ұڵݱܣҹϢϢ

Ѱ˸λ̺ñӣЦк¹Ϫȥ
²£ֻŵϢҲЩ

ڰȥ޷ۣһͬ˵
ŵӴЩյ¹Ϫǰ޲۵ص㣬λϺ㰡

㣿һֱڴ֮Уľζţ¹ϪʵûôעȥǲǴ㡣

ЦţǰýҲմȾ㣬~
¹ϪŽɣ̧ᣬȻŵһ㡣

ڵúܣζֻ֪ţ֪ʲô㣬Сͦŵġ 

ϲ𣿡
аɡ

㴹ۣϧûѧ㣬ȻҲܸŵҡ
¹ϪƲƲ㵹ЩڵʲôֲЩСкʱģصشսˣձᡣ

Цź壬ҲѽָɾãȻ䡣
µĲľ㣬ڴմȾϵġԱȣڵԵ޶˿

շ죬˾䡣



Ǵһ˵СĻͷں±ƵƵ
ϣұġ

һ·û˵һ仰ȫ̽صشߡٴڸУ˵Ĳ죬¹Ϫ۲ѡ

Ŀļ˶ʱС¶㣬Ǻ񶼺ҡ
¹Ϫ֪ίǡ죬ԺҲټˡ

ԼĻ̡
ǻڹӶԽչˣǶ  㡭ԥԥΪȲҲͦõģô㣬֪᲻ʦᡣ㲻ǻʦ𣿡

˵¹ϪһӰ
ʲô·׷ĵ˫ޣԭµ̯ӡ
ƫƫ˻ýͬʦֽ͵ĻᶼûС

ôһ룬¹ϪԽ»Ǩŭ
ǰǵ㿴ʿϵ͵Ȼ޴档

յץץͷƤ˽¸Ĺ˵ˣΪһԭֻҪָҾͻᱻԵҲþĸɡ

һҲϲ̬ҳĿһ濪ģһǣǾò𣿡

¹ϪͷĪ΢˲ĿƳһۡ
Ц䣬ֵ

˵Ϊλͬż仰ûôαûô˻ǲģƾȫƵ

νݼڣֻʵڳ̫á
Ѷһ

ЩǱʶģһᣬŽѣԼ̬δЩƫˡ
ɿἰġ

ӡ
òûʲôϵͷÿѲҾҪ£֪ԼΪ˵ĪԵã˼ҲҲǾʦҺʡ

һ͸һ
·׷͸һ˿϶

ֵҹ¶أ͡
һȺ˲ҵֶûһһ㱻紵ߣ´̹ǵ

ΨЩνʿ棬Ӳȫűӣ
˹͵Ʊ»˭Ҳ֪

µ¶ȣůþˡ

ЦÿģС˵ʦֺʣ־ÿⲻǻʲô
¹Ϫʵסˣôһ

ǰֻ粵ôһˡ


°Ϳļϣûһ仰ʩ㲻Ǿʦÿ𣿡

¹Ϫˡ֣ŵúݺ
ֱһ仰˻

һķһط˵ǣÿǿ͹ʵˣҲÿʲô˾ʹ

񣺡




31.   31    

ڶһ, ڵѪ֩ټ˸ߣ˿ɼĶ  
⿪һȥ, ͷ¶һĸʬ鼫ΪʹŤ, ٲȻǸˡ

¹Ϫһʱ佫۾סˡ
, µֱ, ΢Ĳ, ǲˣ

¹Ϫ˳ĺ, ˵, Ҳϴη̻ʾȺˡ

׳, Ƴߵͬ, ĵس졣
ͬҲһۡ



ʵʿѪ֩ټ, ǳ¹Ϫԡ

رʹ, һ˻ǾɭϣֻжøСġ¹ϪĴͷҲʵʵ, ƽո·ʱظ

ȴҲͬʱų

ҹ, ȫ϶ϲ̨ݣʸ¹Ϫɡǲģ֪ĻΪĺ꾫
ƫФǹӵݣǶӢ棡

¹Ϫڣ׳˴߾ᡰСġײһ¡

ӵײɢ
ײɢ˵Ҳû£һҲŮˣõĸ
, /ʹ𣿡

һۣڣӦ
ص¹ϪǰҲ״ֻۿ졣

¹ϪƳ˺ۼôڣֱҡͷ˵ް
¹Ϫ˸ᣬΨнø粽롣



գһ·ʮ߻˻ޱɸʬʬ·ΣҶݾˡ
¹Ϫ棬죺ɭر£ͷô֪ģ׷ǰ̽
ˮһС̻ᴫݵϢ

̻᣿
̻ᡣ

¹Ϫ֣ٳٵŶһ
̻֪ͷб˳ɾͺѪ֩ˣȴһǺıͼǷżϢţ



¹Ϫ3Dʵʱͼ·һߵ˳˳ˮԣѪ֩紫ȻôǶϳˣûб֡

¹Ϫͣ쵽һߵͣԸһڲص֦Ҷﳯϵķ̽
Фڣм¡ĸͬһ̽һ׷׵˿

׳ǵͨ죬ѹɤϲֵͬڻ㱨ӣҿ˰˿

Ȼ֩볲Ѩܼ˿ءԶȥ  ڱƷ֮У޿ڲ֩ǰ£Ųߡ

עһƴ

˼ƽϣתͷһ֣ľոպʣұ㿪ʼʩˣλһ

鵭ĮԸշİ˿޶ԣصؿ¹Ϫһۡ

¹Ϫ˼ǱصΣõĹӶ࣬ԻڲǺ¡
¹Ϫ΢Ц£ֻԻӦá

ݱҲûڡ
ͬһͻһм䣺ʼɡ

ڽ֮ǰͳһġ
¹Ϫƿշٻгõģ۸Ϊ߰ı֮

óȴ飬ǾˣҪ˼֮£ǻԼ£пܷˮ

¹Ϫﷴ˿ŸǺá
һûסˣٻ볤ȳܲ˵ġ

ԼĪһӵĹ֮󣬻ڽӡɣԶȺȻʼ
ǶȻӳѨ֮ӿȪȺһ˷ɢ

ݣܵȴʱ֪ǵλã֩붼ɢ˳
¹Ϫô֩룬˶ˣͷƤ飬ûдǻ

׳Щţܱ֩ҩۣô֩룬Ųó
¹Ϫѡ⴦ߵɵģʱ䣬ܵһһᡣȥܱ߿һмľһȼ
֩»ȦȦܵס١

¿˻һۣףȥˡ
¹Ϫͬһ磬ϥͷɤ᣺һЩѬˣעסڱǡ

ڽӡʱԷֳһ񾯽䣬
ΪͬԼ˵Լ˫ֽӡƶôסڱǣ
ഫá

ۣ
¹ϪǬȡɾĲˮմʪݸ

ҡҡͷСȸʦɡΪȡ

˵û¡
¹ϪЦ԰һҪȥɱ֩ģյóӣ

Žӹʣǻأҿ԰

¹ϪСɽƣ˭չˡƫȺЩûĸεģһ·϶ô۸
ϸȥæֱӾܾΪأû¡  ˺Լһǧ磬֪𣿡
һµѬڡ

˵ãСƳһۣ
۵Լģ˵ĲãǱŵһ㣬৵ջĿ⡣

Դû֨¹ϪȴƼˣһ·Թͬǿҵĵһ𱬷
ǰӵؽԼüͬڵ뻨ӺҼΪߣұǲΣ֮أ˻ˮġȫų֮꣬Ӣ־𣬲Ÿ
Ҳչһٱܿų⡣òֲΪ֮ģĪе֮⣬ĳʧˣӺαؿˣ

Ƥ£û
ס֣ͼȰСûµġ

¹Ϫס˼ƽȷʵʺ˵Щ
еǰҲýġ¹ϪͷǳһĲӣҺǵйصĻҿ

ɫ
ʲô˼ȻҪҪ





32.   32    


, Ũ̹
ڵ³˵֩Ȼ˻⡣

ѪͼС֩ȼߣо綾, ʤҧһ, ܿͻῪʼ, ߾ôǵĵġ
ܼС֩, ֻҪרĶԸ߽׵Ĵ֩뼴ɡ

в֩, ʦֵ˿ˡ¹ϪЦе, Ҹʦְ

Ͼ, ˼Щ
Ϊ, ȫ˵

¹ϪΪȻ, Ҫ, ˺Ȼ͵Ϳ
ѸٱȥǺ𣿡

˵û£, עⰲȫ
¹ϪæӦá

ݣ
ô΢ĸо



ȺĿ꣬еسӿ, ǰ, ͶȦ
ԡľ޴֩볯ǰ¹ϪëֱǣԶͿʼӽýƷ֩롣

µ׳ίȰ裺¹˾Ȼȫֻ͸֧ʱ

¹Ϫͳһ׹ˡ
׳һ죺

Ǽ˰һܿ˼
ͬ¹Ϫһ, ʼһռһĻҼѹ֩  岻ʬɽտ֩㡣

¹Ϫʼ̹ʱһӽСĺģɫ԰׵ڵء
æҷˡﲻ

¹Ϫֻû
ּ˲һ֣ӣǱ߾ܺˡȦҪ˾ĽڲҲܳģȫȺ

ţµ˲Ϸ
׳Ҳţתͷ¹ϪҲ͸֧ˡüëеǰ¹￶ң

ݲõ´
¹Ϫ˦һãȻƵĻعͷ˵ң

׳˵ǣֻܹ˲ָʿѪ¹ܹȫ֣

¹ϪİЦ£ǵǴһֺ̡

ѰԽӴԸΪ˰ðΣգͿ֪ͷǸϡ̶ȡ
ǲͨˣΪ˲ҪЩΣ

ǰвȣӦһɺӣΪɽ˶棬˴ֵĴӣٴôˡߡв¹Ϫ

¹ϪŶǵˡ
ӾءǲȥȴңĪҪͶɽ£һЦȻ

׳˲Ǻ죬ӼȻȥˣҧ˲ɿڣ϶ûмıȵɽ˽֪ɽ¹˲˽ʩԮ֣˫ǰľ𣿡

¹Ϫδڣݱ˽

˾ͻأ
ȻǼλ׳ŷ͸֧ϿɱĶȴδͣ

Сʦáݻס嵭ֻӦ˸ڹӻҪͽġ־֩룬ǻǻؽա

¹ϪԴ
漴Цüۣսȣʦ˵ǣ



Ǿֱ˽磬߸¾˴졣
ع֮ųһ亹ٹ˲ֱ

ǷϷĳɷ֣ȷʵ죬ʣ²ʮ֮ȥԱǰͷţ⻹ܳżʱ

׳ҧɽúݵģȻҪÿӢѣȣ

ҲظߵôһñӡӢʦ  ӣҲΪǼͺɽɣοǻǵԼֵԼû

ǰ۸£أǿڴҴһϣⷢѡ
ǷҪԼǾԹñˡ

ü˻͸
׳һӲġ족ֹˡ

׳˼ڱۣͷð麹ٲȻǱòᡣ
˼ΨһϣʩĹؼҿ

Ϣĵر졣



ݺ¹Ϫӵʱ䣬ȺС䲻㼫أж̶زһ
׳̴˴ȣӶŲܶˡۼҪɥ֮£ȺȻȫͣˡ

ۣһɫĹâת˲ָƽ
˿סˡ

ݲɫ¹Ϫǰ˵
¹Ϫ⣬ĬĬԼߣסӵ˾ԵĻȨ



볱ȥͽʬͺŵӢӡ
汻ŨѬڣ붾ʹشǱ

һֻӡѪɫĽ֩ٿȻ;޴˸ߵĴСȻȺѪе
˽Աߣڵ

һЦδȥԼһۣǫͶݹֵлλĻ̸һ̸ǰķɡ

ӣſ֫
Ķ۾ɭȻضǣѹȡ




33.   33    


ûǶ, 㲻ϡӲš󼴱ֵһȥҲֻɽԼ۸ȥ
˭ȭͷ˭ֵĺô࣬һɽּ

¹Ϫľ׼, Ц
һ˺˳, ͺ, ҲԸɽӢһѰǾ, ֮ǡ

˺, ͸ǰ̰ɡ
õԽ, Խ, Ǻڵʱ

Ҳͷ, 䵭, ɴ˿ڣ׼Σ
ڡ, ĿǰеĹȫǣֻҪ, Σ

Ѫ֩˵أϻʣŹӣ
¹Ϫһ, ʣѾժأ

ԥƬ,   ĮȻ˼ų飬ȷʵ̫
ޣд洢ͷô֩¶ֵġһ򲽣д棬ǰ׹ֻ̹ҪӢһºþܱǶö࣬Ϣ
ӦҲǡ

¹Ϫ񣬽ת, ʦ֣ȥչӰɡ



ǰȫýճͷ˵Ͷȼǿһϡ
¹ϪͷʡñԼչӡŻûȥصĴ

Ȼ׿ڴӦ˵ģ˶һΣѱ޴󣬶ڶΡ
ڲ֪ͻƣеĺôȺ֮л֩ͻƣΣĵλȻὫȫɢȥȫƿԼУٲԽԼá

󣬾ö֮һʴ
׹ǧö̹߰ö

ݿε֩볲Ѩڣ˿סĴ˾ˡ
¹Ϫͬ˸꣬Ĭͷװӡ


δ˾죬¹Ϫһ۵֩볲Ѩʱܿصǰ֫ͻȻ̧弤ò


һһַҩܵһͨĿߣߥ޻һݣ˵ˡ

ִ٣ҲǵõϢǿƵɳ˸ֵܷôӣôõ⣡׳ף´ʶЩˣǿɱ練ƣɽ֪αصģһ򲽣Ҳ˵ߡ
Щʡ͸Ƕã

ĮȻһƬ
ʶ˲壬ŻôһȺϲţǿҪس·˻ͣ˷һҩǡ

ٻƿշһţûУ
ǵľӣĴⷽûͬ˺ˣ浱Ǻ۸ģ

׼ɾҶݣǻȫȫβش뿪
̸гõ˿ջˡ

аִ˵ͼƻꡭ
Ⱥƽһ๾졣

׳˿ڿˮˣǲˣˡ



ھˣǰʱ¹ϪѾʰ˴ڷռ˿ϵĹӡ
Ҫǰæ  ʿطʡ

¹Ϫظһү񣬷Ц
ôջҲѵõã¹ϪȻյƢַ˳ۣǴľʱҲҪ˿Ϊ˱ӣǲȥڣֻڵ°æﲻصִ

¹ϪʣĹӲͷú˷ˣ²װװӰˡ

Ǽ¸ս붾廹δȫָͱָʹɿ
ڱ֣һӵվͷͿš

¹ϪƲƲ죬첻ֵˣ˵þ˰ɡ



ھվߣ
һ·⻹Ψһһε

ϳԹһαΪܺߡԻ׹ˣЩֶΡ
Ц㵹ЩֶΡ¹ϪӲǰʺϲˡ

գգۣһҲ˵ʲôı顣

ҲҵСڵ俴㿿ɫȡˣͬҲмʳèиĻõסı¡

⵭ȥû֨

µ񣬸Ҳ޷ڴǴһ˿ɿЦҸҶݣΪѰϢΪ٣Ѱ˳ȥ¹Ϫסɽǰӵ±ӵʮ꣬㹻ΪɡˣѰͬίߣҲӣǾ˫Ӯ

һ˫ڵڰ׷Īûš
ô˵ǻȢ

ڸֶЦеһ˿ĵǶеá
ǰ񲻹һС᲻вأ𣬻ʲô¶

Ȼɽʲôֵ˿صģ׼ʦƣһȺں֮ڰˣϲ̨档

͵һ
ߵȴЦˡ

ڵ·ʢһȪ͸Цģֱֱ˵
һ磬ĵ׵ļ

ƵҲͬһı顣
ڿûһû̧֡

޳ָǾϸʳָĴָһ˸ָ

࣡

ڵһͻȻˣ˼һ㱡
䱳󰲷ֵһȻ̧塣

ٶȼ죬  
֪ԼֻôһΰѿƵĻᣬֻҪһǰ֮ˡ
޴֫ſ׺ݵسĻȥ

ڵΪȻ֮УƬʧ񣬵һϢհ׺㷴Ӧˡ
ûлͷᵽɭȻɱ⣬亹৵һ

ҲûһѾסǰ½ƽ˦ȥֵһ
ҧгݣҵģ

Ц
ԭԸƵġˣѪὫעϣڣܳ׳ˡ

ɽ˵ˣˡ
еĵĺ


Ҫʩȴס
޸ۣ֮·ͷҪȥ

ôܲϲأ˼ľУ
ɤºͣײеĶһҲһƾʲôأ

ҵİ

ꡪ
ͷѵ

һֻ޴֫˻ڵǻᴩͣǰĽľ롣

ڵɴۣ·޷ϢϢǰʧ롢غžˡ
·͸һ޺Ƥ࣬ݷħ





34.   34    

鷢̫, ¹ϪľŷӦˡ
Ѿһعȥһʱ令ס񣬽ƳΣշΧὣʧصȥ

в, ʱ˻ŷ, ɫɷסͼӢͷ, ճԼǿؽԭء

ڱ֫, ۼ, ûָ, ǿһѪ, ƿշ
ƿ, һסᴩؿڵ֫, ˫Ŀ졣֣

һ, ޱҺݡ
һ˽Ԯٻ, ӢƿշҲ

ڱȥ˰, ҲͬʱΪ, öܡ
¹ϪݺغϾͽնڽ£볱ûüΧ
ʧȥȺҲһ߽ͨħްˡ

һ
ն뻨ڵ֫ڹڵأͷŻѪ

ŵѪɫȫޣڵϳ
¹ϪǻǸոչ壬żæŹȥû°ɣˣ

ҡҡͷ  ؿڡ
¹Ϫ, Ѫڵأ̧ɭȻض񣺡㣬õúܡ



¹Ϫǰ񾪺ȵʱ򣬿ľǻУһקҪȥֵĻ档
ֻȴһſס

Ҳǿ⣬Żһʱȥ
Ȼǲѣʧȥ͵ϮĻᣬŰȫҪ⡣ңҲû뺦ˡ

ǻڣôң
֮ɽûȷѣҵһңָ

¹Ϫۺ죬Ҫǰۡ
ʾȥߵĿռһŤ֮󣬻ֳһӰ




һ̵ļžλԴѹȵ޷ڡ
ư׼Ϣɢһͨˡױţ֮ж͸һӸ߸ϵĮȻ˻ֳǿ

䵱Ƴڱ˳˾֮ʱɫ䣬Ӻˡ
֮أƫһۡڻо綾֫ٳֶģͬѾȣ

˲һְס򵹵Ļڵļ򣬸ιµⶾĵҩͬʱѸٳڵ֫

ǵʹپһأҲ£һûʱػȥ
ǻڵʹ࣬ҧɱ⡣

Ѹ÷סѪܵ˿ڡɷ磬Ƶعһѱ֮µӢϡ
佫ǽѳȴҲ˼ɣѪɣЩǰ
ǳǾµģ˵ղŷʲô

ݼӣʢ˵ƣʶ˲ס

Ӣиѵĸˣʹѣȴҿ޺
￴ľȴҵΣ뷽跨ؽ˦ȥ١ѾѪѾʼɼˣƫ

׳һָ񣬡ƫǸͬվһʲôŻᵼͻȻˣԶطų־Ԯ¡

һǿԽժֵİ˿ͷŰϢɢ֡
ٵת  ӵġˡݣϳݺѾƵǻˡ
ݣɽģ

ݹ֣г񣬳ǡ
ֿ͵¹Ϫ֪뵽ʲôתһȦĪ
һɣ

Ƭ̳ţ׹˱㡣

һƬҶϢش˴䣬
ûκ˵עƮɢ

ӯģǺ׳ǰͷƮճȵѪʱһ
Ǻݵĵһͷ׳ͷ­Ľ£۾ãȻš

ūΪ˦ɾԼ𣬾Ȼ˵ɹϵĻ֮ԣϸ˵أι֩롣֣ݲʱһɹ¸ģԳƽ׽öлԮŵñȫҶյǱصԵŵл

һתۣ¹Ϫ±ơ
ԭΪǸĴڣûҲģҶɽȷ˼棬Ϊչˡ

ݳǡ
ֵԭӢѰģ´˴а˿˫һɡ
Ӿˣ˲ûᶥײ⣬æϣԭ˵ð˿öǣ

졣ѵҶֵѪ˴䣬;Ҳûܡ¹ϪһЦΣ

¹ϪǸ׵߰˰ˣͷй
ͬݴô£

ݵᣬҿһŭ֮»˼񣬱㴫ʦʦͬ˵ʲô
¹Ϫ˵ͷס

λֺͰ׼ãҲ˵Ⱦһ¡
ʦֻǸȺ֮ˣֻøȾɾͼֹ쭡

ʾãͼĺ





35.   35    


Ҫ͡, ɲ˾ܾ
һӣһµǬУһݡδû˺, ָ, Ӣ˾ˡ
·, ޻˵

¹Ϫ, Ҳա
ʦǸ, ֪, Ҳֻ˵ӵо츳, ʹôޡɮ, Ӣԭӵеһ, ΪȽԸ, ҲὫ츳й¶ȥ  
ֻһһˡ

˿ԱߣɭֵȾȼ½ûȫʧ, ϵͳʾ˵ͼȾҲɡ

¹ϪѲɻҪ, 쾻
ϵͳᷢ, æȾԴɭȻָ㲻ȥᣬܿҲܱ
¹Ϫ
ҲżǸʲô쾵ȵȾ͵ȵȰɡ

Ѫ֩ʧȥӡżмԵģҲָӶ
Ӣһߵüֻˣ˶ǵսƷ
¹Ϫ
ɾ, õĴɨսڶ롣
һС붾һȥռˣԼ⹦򣬿ʼܱߵȾܿһһ㡣
ЩѪпҲȾȥ֮Ƚһߡ
ݵͷǣּһսȷϲ©ۣض顣

صɽ
¹Ϫݷս˺ͲժĹһһ룬ԭȴôҪˣǳŻó⼸Թô⣬˷ѡ
¹ϪֱûǿԵ콫Ӻȫˣȥ͸
ݵл¹Ϫ΢Ц
һμget~

¹Ϫȥ̩壬ͬ׼¿ڷ磬˵Ի˵ĻԼĲ룬ķŻض
ִӻ̬Ȳ뵽ţصȪ֮󲻸ͬǰһգҹͣشŹӾͼܣǿ
ͬʱɾʮöӣ˿ȵĺ֢ľļ졣
Ҫһȥʮĵ㣬ж֮ÿһ㡣һºҲ990½19ܵﵽ6528/10000

¹Ϫ֡Ҫȥ񣬿ͬʱϢӰ

ոճɹһ¯Һʦɺ˵ˣҪ
˾ͿʼתͷۻЩˤ

ߵַסʣôˣ
¹Ϫţ۾ȴѣιȥûû£Ǿ츳õ̫࣬е͸֧ˡ

̧ǣ᲻  滺ʡ

¹ϪԺЩתȥͬɺ׵ԻЩ͹ȥ
ɺҡųһ˵ģ㻹Щȥɣλɫڵףŷѵģʦġ̫ˣ

ʦ¹Ϫããġ
ãСǲǸ㴳ˣ


Ҫ㣬᲻ҪΪ㰡

̫ã¹Ϫ֮û£һֱͣæµҺ
룬Լԭû¶ŵģڱһֱҪĻ

ԸΥƫһ˿ûҪֱȥһ
Ȼţ㴦ƣЩˡ

¹Ϫ뵽ھͲʹ죬šüͷЩŵԱȫһô㴳ˣ
¹Ϫţ˴ǰ˳Ϊľ츳Ҳʦ𲻿ϴӦӢŴŭ˻ֲ뽫˵̫Žȥʻ

ҡҡͷҵʱ뻨̫ߣ޻ң˵ȴŭأ
¹ϪûΪɶҪô

ͨĽܲס˵ĴúʹǿӵһסһҪʲô⳥˰ɡ
¹Ϫɫһ䡣
ֵֻǲ롣ǰͬ˵ˣиףһչģҲڻ񡣡 

ô˵¹Ϫ뵽˵磬ǲǸɲȵ¡
ִֵͷãȥ˵





36.   36    

һд͵Զ
¹Ϫ߽ͬʱ, ̷ҵĵ˽յָ׷׵ȥŴأԶԶ˳̩塣

ڰ׼, , ߴϡûǵŭĿԲģ, ȴԿǷͱ˵ѹȡ
¹ϪȻһ˲, Ű׼ʦ, , Ҫͷ

մ, յĴ֮ڶȻһƷ硣
ͻأ, ֱ䡣

¹Ϫо, Ȼתͷ, ɫãȻֵؽ
ָǳǳĲƤ׼ס˻, ɫѿ, ҵĵӣ˵̬ȣ

˫ֻʶ, ŵ  
˰βջ֣ЦáСӣЩûˣҲҪװһ۵ģ㶼һ¡ԼĺݣѹҶϡ
˦׼֣޲ҵ׼ȴһ׮׼ĺñ, Ҷ޾졣ʹˣۻ軨ˣҲȵСǺεȵĿ

¹Ϫʱȥ̽ˣȻֻƤˣЩѪѪؿƤϣ۵
㣬״̬ãѪֻһѪֱԴϳ壬Щȫޡ
׼񿴳仯ļϰһ£ġ
¹ϪһԶ˲ƽϢǹӿϵ⣬ǻع飬еƣ֮ҲȥЩ
вɾѵذ⣬ѪҺ֮ЧǱǰŨˣֻ˿ڷãľܵӰ졣

ѩ׼ļͷǿڹȥ飬㱡淽̩壬һ档ĳ£ЩĪеҲ磬ˣĻֶΣó

ȵɫͱ䣬
һߵĻڸæǰͣǫ͵׼ѩˡ¹ﺣĸӱңȴǸĵˣֻҪ׼񾾳⡢ݷݵ˰ˡ
ѩǣ⻰ô˵ģ

׼񻹼ǵһ֮ǰš¹ȡ֮£ʱ˴ĸ״߷һǵʱǿ䷨ʹƫ˰֣ҪΪ⣬ԩˡ
¹ϪߣȻ˵һĸʺһһ۵˳֣Ц˵˹⺦㲻ɣû˿ԿǷ˲Żðô
Ϊ֮ϣɱңɿƽϢأ

¹Ϫ鶼øˣֱף뿴ǵʲô
ڳŰ׼һ֣ĸ״˷Լ̽ȷʵΪ²ߣҲµһ㣬Żһû¶

ѩȥˣ˼ǷӦˣٶҲ޷˼ұ޻֮Ӧ˵׼װһ޷ģǵĵôɴˣҰԵҪ˰

  ҪҲ׾ͻ᲻Ƶɣƽ˷ЦʼղʱжݵĽ֣ʵ֮ϡʲôϢⷨӣŻصáǼ٣׼̽ϣһԱ֪

г񣬲Ҫȥԣð׼ȥԣҪӣƶԽġ
¹Ϫü֪ʲôܾ˵Ͳ⣿ЩˡƫĻؾذ˵ĲǲǣĪǵʱĶģ־壬Ǵ˰ɣ

Խ˵΢Цţͳһ߼ˣǻɱѪõöҸԸöˣ
Լˣû˵
˭֪һԡҡ̬ȵͳΪһƽࡱ⣬¶ûˡ

Ƥ£Ȼһʲôľ
ѩһ̧צӵǾӦ°ɡ
˫֮Уһ˵ģһ˵ǼٵġҲΪɽˣ˽ӡʱ£˭˭࣬˵һ۹ҲҪܾ˷Եڡ
תͷ񣬡˵ĶģҿԸһλᣬǻԸЩ۱һ

԰ɫҡҡͷ
ˣǻЩ۾ƽϢġӢɽҪһֱˡ

ῴ¹Ϫһۣ
͸ſ־ȴţº͵ģ㣬ʦҲ԰ɡ





37.   37    

ɢ, ׼ڵط
ڸλϣһ˿޵Ц·ʤȯա׼Ǹ֮ˣȻĻ, Ҳ

¹ϪԲ˵, , ֪ܲʲôƷ
ǰ, ޷У¹Ϫȴʼûз, õҩ, ͼ, ΪܳһЩּ漣, ȫ׵۹, ʱʱһϢ

Ըһ, Ч΢ɥ¹Ϫѹ, зӶԹջǷˡ
, ת֮, һ̫Ǳʮ꣬Ѿ꣬Ǳ˷ѵ  ߰˰ˣˡ

Ѿܺˣ
¹ϪӲǰ˵ЩȥеĽȣҲȥ̽Ϊ׼Σѹ
˻, ѧϰҲɽҩ١

ƫӡ

׼ջ֣ǽɼ󡣡
ͷǱʾһɼԾɫҰס

֮䣬׼ˣʵĲ̣ڰο˾䣺ٹܽˡ
򴽣ѪɫȴûлָǿЦŵͷллʦ档

һЦЦɽ˵Ķˡ

ⲻܣһվҪԲ⣡

¹Ϫޱνҡ
ѩαֹͬǰըë¶֮ͫɱⱩ塣

ݺ֮Ϊ֮ͱˣǾʦ˵ţǴһƲɣ߳ŭɱˣ

׼վƽϾϣֻϣǽҪڣҵʶΪ֮ϡ˳˵ǷʣΪ֮ϣ˷Ϊܵõʲô

ͻͬʱһݡ
ۣס˫ڵͫ˿

ⲻܣ
룬񲻹ʮ˵꣬޵ʡôܻ񾳽磿

ҲǱ붾ƻŪúʵˡ˺ЩղãڳΪֱֹܹͣǣ

Ѿˡ
ˣûлͷ·

ڶԻʹ˸ɫȥ
վڽϣòŵҿɱ֤ݺҶ֣Ҿ֡

ݵɫ˼֣ԭ̸ͬһʺģ¹о츳ϵȾʵϵӢµİȫĿɳϣҾЦҿԴΪ޹֣ɽɨسţ޿ٺ

Ű׼׼ȻϥӣȴչλŵӡĵЩɥ֣֮ѵͻ᲻׵ˣֻԼ飬ͼһԼİģӰ֡ѵһǰǿɱ¿ɽĵֻ̣ˣϣ

ӲĲģ˭ܲȥһĸ׵  ֮أ
ŵʱڻףʹʧ̵ѩצ̾˿

¹Ϫᷳһٶô֪Ͳˡ
ɴ뿪ȴһǸԶ֮ˡ

¹Ϫʱסȥ
ЦЦұֻ΢ĵӣȴʦȫӣңʵڲʦΪѡҪңλȨΪ񣬲ҷ϶ٹֶ࣬һġǻǸɴ˰ɣ֪࣬ȻŹҡ

һۣŻȥѩĶ˼
˵˵ȥǿˣ

ɿ¹Ϫ֣һһߵǰһֻ֡
롣

վرݣ۽ظһЦ
Ϳޢָץס֡

¹Ϫ˽յ֣
üĪЩ

ۣʶһ·˳ؽϡ
ۡȷֻϣһСɡ

ʶ𶯣ֱⲻܣȻʶһ⣺֮ڿտģһ˿ʶûС
ǽɣǾԲ˾׼ؿԼʶ֮ڿյģ

ɫҪ
һȻסڵϡ

ʶ֮ڡ
ԭȪˮһɴĻʶǱס˰㣬ԭء

һɳƵº͵Ժ֮л죬֪֮ȽϿЩ𣿡


ĽͰ׼һ
¹ϪܾȻûôŵؽ´ˡ

Ҫײһ£Ѿ˫˺棬
Ҫƽ͵̸ǲܹˡ

ڼɫԣҲأ˼
Ե´αôŵлҴ׼´Ӧǿ߼ˣͬһˡ

ѩ뿪ıӰ߷ߣޣ´СϪǶˣֱӽôӽ˴ȥ
ҡҡͷ潫˱Ƶ·ӢҪơųϢǲġ

ѩᵽһ㣬ŭˡ
СǣǾȻüɵǣۣǲ֪Ƿʲô񲣬Ȼʹ  ۸ͼʲô

ָ£ҪȢ㡣һҲҪͬɽ̸ˣˡƼңȻôʹ죬ȥ

¹Ϫһ㶣ʱŵطסӣƺЩԺģǵ㷽űϣû°ɣ᲻ʲô֣

ãûУ
¹ϪԮؿ׼

׼Ҳʶԣߵ̫̫Щ
һ̽ɫ䣬ˣ





38.   38    

Ӣ˵ȥôҲͷĴ, ȴˡ

¹ϪصȪȣʲȥǿһ·֡

׼һʶ, صü, Ҵ
Ӣ󱾾óػ, ʲô䷨, ׼һʱҲⷨ, ֻ÷ӡ֮ݴͬʩ䷨, 䲻, Ϣػ⡣

һĹвôݾ, ҪСտ, Ƿ졣¹Ϫ׷ȥ, ͬҲһġ

ǰʦҲѧһЩӣŪǸϵ, ֪ŪͷڻǴ´ࡣ

¹Ϫ˼˾˼ж
ôҪ, ֱӽɱ, øλáϾԭĽ֮˽֪油֮ܲܽ
ôҪץϣ̸ʲôҲӦ

ʱأ
Ҫô˵ǸڵһֿҪϢ, ǲմޣպð¡
Ҫôǿֻǰİ׼ƼˣյĽ˺Կ

ڻԣ˵ĶԹҾǰ㲻ʲôͷ˲Ҫġ
ο׼ǺȥķоɽѰһɣ漰иǵýȨԼϡ

¹ϪȰԿԿãӢ˲ţպǾǡ
¹Ϫʲôպ󣬺кˡƲǣʱһ˷ŻȥֻҪͻӢλһ죬ӢԶòҺ

Һ/½ѾѸٵشгһƿҺȫ۴˲С  䶯ǧ
Ϊ˶Ŀ¹ϪûнŷųڶǴ߰׼Ĺϵɿ̻Ӵô׼֮󣬱ؿʽҺͶг
һֻҪ̻ϣʱڱ㲻˲鵽ɽͷϡ

Ӣʵʵģ˼ԸԼЩҺȼü֮

ǲܹˡ
û˺Ƥȥ˽ⶾĺ¡

̻ΨӢ󣬻᲻ᱻ˳ϣƳʲô
̻ύϣõƾʦͻƿ֮˭ǣ¹Ϫڴ£ʦͷչ˳ʦ֣ء㲻صġ

ʦֺǡ
ۣͷ̵ûš

ǸϵĺˣģҲ㹻
ǰ༷ҲûϣӢ֮˶ѵʱͦά

ⲻǿһССĵӵϣǿ¹Ϫķϡ
κζԽõˣ񶼲Ҫ˺

ֻҪ˽㡣



¹Ϫֻ֣Ϸӫ⣬ǸһıĤһֱӽڡ
ֻǰ˻Σʲôѽ

°̧ͣЩҸҩ

ڲϣԸҩ
ֲԴ˿ڣõܱЩסӴͺˡ

ԴЦݿ׺ÿš
¹Ϫˇ壬ͷڳһҩСĵû

ָⶥ΢ҩ࣬˿ڡ
ҩ̼ŪˣŨĳ˲

ֹ¹Ϫʱ۵ҪŪˣ
ԳЩǱá˫ֳڴϣںڵŴе㡣

¹ϪˣĿζЦʲôҩǵϵġ
ȥ뽫

㡭
֣ǰȻһתɫҰ߽ദӿȥ
¹Ϫɫͱ䣬ǿס壬סҶˡ

վ͸֧һϢʱûУͱȥ̩壬ôһλ
״̬ѣַ֢ˡ

˰βŴѣ״̬֮лع

ǰѾĻ
һĶģ޲ǣ  ־Ǿ츳ĺ֢ôðɡ

Ȼӱ֧š
һ룬о͸¡

Ǿĺ֢ҾǱá
¹ϪЩ㱣˵ġ
֪ģ˰Զڣסֵһ˲䡣

ô룬
ô붼黳Ǹ档

ԭΪԼǺڷ˴ȻС򱻻ƭԺǷУ޷Ųض˽յϡ

֪ûĽա
ǽ⡣

ûڶԺ㣬˭Ҳ֪𣿡





39.   39    

˵, ʶ⻰󾢡
ֻԼ飬񾭵ˣеطֱ⻰ԽߵİԵݺһͻֱ֪ܵܽ, š

, Ʋı, ֻƺĬ˺ܳһʱ, Цһ
¹ϪΪһЦֱɤ, γ˽

, 
΢΢ͷ, ͷı, ˫ֻס, Ц, ֻܸ

¹Ϫ
С㲻Ծ

΢΢Դֲ, ƺҪȥ, 㲻, Ϊʲô

Ŀԡ
¹ϪҵøˣӲֱͷƤһط顣

һкϾȻϸϣ¶һЩžͱ˸ţ˼Ϸ˻
¹Ϫһʱ˵徿ǸýãǸɴϱȽϺá

ԥһᣬɸɻأ֪

ɿ˳, Լҩɡ岻ЩȥϢ

˵ߵ˾ǰ
ͬˡס΢΢̧°ָͣմȾһЩҩ࣬ۼҪ˿Ĩȥ

¹Ϫ˶ˣ
÷ӦѾǰץסĨҩֹֻ֣Լ˿ڡ

ͷºͶãȻؿ
¹Ϫޱ飺̫ܲԣǿܵԱĸϷʽֽ֮ˣ಻á

ʵʵԭûӴѪҺ

ռǿ
Լ̬˴⡣



ʱǰ׼ʦƽ䷨ʱѩһߣͬĹ
СҲСˣֻ  ܵܣͱ˼ҡ˵·ˣǿţҲǴûȵһԶߵĶӰ룬Ѱ¶츳ȻסģȥɿɾͲֹһˡԻӢɵģжİһβܵסڶΣ㻹ǱΣյľˡ

¹Ϫ֪˵ǣȫԼεس˼ã¶Щô㲻ǽܣûԵˣͬͬסһ¡ɻᱻ⡣

ڶҪˣżѰһ¡ѩӵתת練㽫ȥɣҸԼˣŵùģǰҲӦ
¹ϪãȻԼˣ
ѩٺһЦʦ㣬һֱΪӦ׼Ըǣߣܳһ׮ԵȥˣҲͬú顣

Сʦ壬ʮˡ
ȣֲɻ飡ߣǱˣѰϼѵŮ˫ޣ˵޻ϰһΣҲΪáӯ֮塿츳ѵãǲ

¹Ϫ޷Ÿػˡ


ΪŻˣйµĸ񱻼ı߽ǣûзӵأҲûȥϸ롣
²ֹͻȻԼ⡣

᲻ýųȥ
Ǹǻˣ˳ɻֿǿı̬ɣ

ȫƸӯ֮塿ҧҲסԣӦþ´󼪡


ڵ׾˾ЩĪ㺣Цţǽѳֵס𣿡
¹Ϫ

¹Ϫһġ˵ʲô
ֻһʱûסĵܵҪ˹ȥĴʱ̬Ťһ¡ֲʲôħºڷߵģܰôŲɣ

˵û¾ûµģףһӰ죬ⲻġͿҩѲ˶ʱ䣬㰲úˣҲ̤̤ʵʵȥϢ
¹Ϫ֪ΪʲôƫչزˣоԽԽڣɽ¶ײһѣԳһԼı̬

ûţǶ񣬵ĴƮ
һҩݻá



鿴Ϻüˡ
ݺ  㶪СЦóģֱ

¹ϪһĴתͷѩĻ

¹᲻ãж˸ˣɲ˵˭͸˭ÿԼ˼

񳤵úãСӯ֮塿ϲ˲١ֻϾΪͣǱҲޣҪΪҼõģǲСһңÿԵ֣ŲͷĻŮˣɻԺ»ῴ۸

ȻһܸǿЩʵĿ⡣
˼ȥʦԳƵŽ⡣

һʵúã
ǲӦҲСʦҵԧףͽΡ



ҩ࣬ĥĥذʱʱ̧ͷһۣǸģ
ǽﻨͷЦʣлҪ˵

˿ڣһæ
¹Ϫ˿ԣġ

ûб˼ͻСꡣҲ֪һһͬûһ¡߳Ȫȣ˵ǽܣ˭ҲšΪ˵㡭

ɫЦٿȻˣʲô˼
߻ҪĻ⣬һŪþ͵ը

¹ϪڨڨҲѽⲻҲ顣ҾʣûǸ򣬶ɽСʦðʦ

ûСضĻ
ĿƽģֻûЦˡ

ɵСɽҲǰġ
ûкۼȴȵ˼һ˫ڶס졣

У֪ˡ¹Ϫ򷢸ɵ촽ȻЩӣҲˣ

ϧôһû
ڰţһҲûС

Ĭ
ǶȻһ󲡣ϵѪɫһһȥˡ

¹Ϫʼˣң㣬ֻʣȫ˼ġ

̧
ΪʲôҪΪһϣʱֽҵϣأ

βʪ죬ٲƴǰ˳ɣˡ




40.   40    

һ˲, ¹ϪһԻõ״̬

΢΢֧˫ӵס
ŵԨĹ, ֻʣļµƫִ

ͷ, סĶ, ƻߵͻ, 㡭

ˡ治֮, ¹Ϫûж㷴Ӧ, ֻµվš
Ȳ, Ҳӭϡ

  ܵƻ, ҲûнΡ
ݳȵĶ, شʹ

Դ֪ӯ֮塿, ЩѾʵƺ;, 硣
֪ӯ֮塿һ, ǽʥ, ֻҪĵһ˿컣Ҳᱻ뷲

¹ϪûС
ûһ뷨

ۿ𽥷죬ؽҧ
֪ã˫ȴмȡ֮Դزǰˡľ¹ϪԼĻС

ǿӲ֣ȦסԼ˵Ҫ󣺡㣬ҡ

¹Ϫ  
޷Ӧ, ֱȦסŲȣԶ

е𶥵ľ

һǰڻҲ̬һ˿ɶΪһ˿׶ϲѣ޷סԼ
಻

ͽ޹̽Ʊ֮ϡ

ܵ֫Ӵд֮ãȻ𵴡
βȵؼѹֵ/еĿܽ˱

Ĳһշתĥ׺ݼС

һöµ֮УȻ룬
ôˣǷܲƸˣܱԶǣ

޳ָûķ˿סĺԣʹͷͷǹգǼ⣬°ͣͣĴϡ

¹ϪĺҲˣĴ΢ţᴭϢ
ֻãģûлӦ/

һ̣
ǸϯֱҪ˺ꡣ

ٵī䣬ĵɫĲ԰ס
Ѻ۱鲼ĴޣֻҪһ֧顣

ҵġ
ıԵȻƵ૳һ˿ҲûС

Ѿûб·ˡ

΢΢ƫͷĴ
¹ϪĽ޺Ȼ˲ã¶ԽСɽ񣿡

ĶȻһ͡
һ뱻ʵѪ·𱻶ᡣ

¹Ϫɵأƺٵˮ⣬㱶ؽš
һ̣Լʮˡ

㡪
ظշһҪǸͱ˷ס

Ҳ⣬ֻٿȻսˣĴһ¡
ӯȴ춯أױȵ𺳡

Һ۰Ρ
¹ϪأĴʣ  ˣϢһòã

ס˺ðΣŽϡ
򴽣ƺζһĴС˲㣬Ѫ졣

ڶӦãߣ¡
ϸ󣬡ǣһ¡

¹Ϫˡ
Ӱͷְ̧סĺףݺȥ

һְıأԡ
ı׵ر÷˶Σյȫޣ˳޺ĸ

պ߰Ĳ䣬ҡ
¹ϪԺز˫ֱ

лӵͬȡǲͬģ¶ȵģԡ
ǺȻԨֵһƬõĻþ֮УҵڶĤϣš

ֻһΣ̲סķ֮Уȷϡ
֪˭𣿡
¹Ϫۣ񡣡

һ𣿡˵ţͷյǰһ
¹Ϫ
ʲôĥ˵С

ֻõͷٴδ˴Ĵ
˯ˡ

Сѣڹˣһš



ԭǶûиоֻǾ̫ݵػ˹ȥ
èޣʼ޷ƽ

¹ϪǣݣҲ㹻
ҩ˲ĨƽеĿʹϵġֱĸд

ãĵͷһ㣬͵Ĵǡ

زȥˡ
Ҳܵˡ



¹Ϫʱֻͷ۵ǻȥһ⣬˯ò̤ʵ
˸Υһ´ָȴȻȵһƬ

ָвԡ
¹Ϫһ飬ʱۣ

Ŀ֮
ߣ˯հȻǧīɢͷ֮ϣ޲á
ֻ¶Ʊų/㣬Ĳϱ鲼Ǻۡ

¹Ϫ




41.   41    

¹ϪһȻԼķʽд

֮, 㽩ʮûҶ
ֻţæɨ⡪ȷķû

ԣҹʲôˣ

¹Ϫ˿ĭƬ, һĻڸҩ

ѡѵСմѪˣ
ɡ

ٵͷԼ, 
·õ, ۶û, ֵ, , Ǻ˴һܡ

¹ϪԲʲô,   ͫ׵, ŷ۵Ķͷ, ͼʵ
, ô޵ġ

̨͸峿ĺ, ҹﶼϰԵعͨ¶̨Ŵܻ
, Ѳ, ز˴

ָּһòϵʵ

¹Ϫ΢΢ԭԱգ侲侲
ΣԼҪ򶨣ӱܽ⣬úúô졣

ȻôҺﻹҳһࡣ
紵ͷۣ, ġĵؽƱȥЩ

ţ㡣
ָ´΢Ķ¹Ϫһ

ŲڱӵŪˡ
תӣ泯ͷϡĳº͵̵ĽëϣۣӻŵģûѹȴȴЦ⣬ӯӯ۵
ִӱ̽ǵعסָؽţЩ𣿡

¹ϪɫһϢ

⡣
д⣡

৵ջ֣˳ǣǰϴԲ𡣡
գۣ

¹Ϫҹҡ


ǲǶʲôõ£
Ĭһָһ£ջȥ㲻ǵˣ

¹Ϫˣ
˲оԼ˯˾ܵĸĺ֮ѹ

ң쾫񲻺ãֿܽӴѪҺȷʵ
֧֧˵ȥˡ

ۣĬȻ˱ӸסԼĲӡ
ЦţΧһݳȥ̨İɣûʲô

ڵĶá
ϵĺۼ¹Ϫ綼ˣû飬һֱȷǲ˵룬Ҳпʧȥ֮ûִ磬ץġ

Ҫʲô

ͬʱĬ

¹ϪʶʵеĻҪһЩΪԸʲôᣬҶȻ۸µĹ⾰ҲЩ/ǿڱİɣʦͨ

ز㲻ü򵥵Ĺֺȥͬϳˡ

һһǿĻš
¸˶ˣҪӴԶЩ

иͷֱ㱻סˡ
ۿ죺ҿԵʲô֪㲻ҪҺòá  

һ
˲ͻķ

¹ϪôεĳǱܻ䣬ֻʱֿһʱ䡣
Ҳûбķӡ

뵽ʱķӦǺЦǡС
ԼԼģҲȫû뷨Ȼ˵ǷǶԵµָ顣úÿܰ࿴ۣ˻ЩҲЩҲϲ׽

ҪģԸͬһ
Ȼˡ

ᶪġ
ɲ˼ǣ¹ϪǱϼܵѼӣȫƾҵĸʹ˾˳ͷ޲Σһҹ¸𡣡

ʲô
¹ϪѵˣԸĻԺ°ɡһʦΪ֤飬ǽͬ䡣 


סˡ

¹Ϫ񣬺ԼǲˣڨڨҪǲԸĻ
ԸġͷûԼ飬ӦСȴᶨ

ɤ˳һ˿ϲá
ȻӦԣ¹ϪҪ󲻸ߣԼ¶أֻҪִУ֮£֮ٴ
ЦţǺá

ԥǽ㲻˵Ҫѡʦ£ҲнΪѡ

¹Ϫǰɼƻϲϱ仯Ҳ㲻ɳֻ¡
£Ҫۡ

ίǿԽԽòת̫е¡
ݵʦ֣׽УٽƺҲûб뷨һֱļϡ

ǰûҪͬһ˼뿪ӣᵽһ˿Եĸд
黳ҲΪѣǰûһƲ£ʦִҲûǸ˼ֻ뷨ͬһ˵ȫġ

ᵽ֮еĿпޣ̣ģš

ǿ쵶ն飬ˣ¹Ϫ¼˳ˣɿغɤۣһ糿
ֻǡ顱һ½ȷɿ죬ϴٲƱе㲻Ը

¹Ϫ˴ָʶӵδŴƵģЩסˣǡҸվȥʦ廹ţҹûϢãҾȻطˣ

ʲôʱ򣿡Ȼʡ
¹ϪһգգֻۣǹģôͻȻ

ԼڷܣͷĬһ󣬽  £ʮǸӣ˻ޡ
űǣҲ˻޵ĺӡ

᲻̫һ㣿
¹ϪͷƤ飬Ͼ飬ҪΪз֮

񲻴
űӣϥߣԹԳЦ

¹ϪЦֱ
ҽ԰ᵽķ𣿡аģǶһ˯
ī˿ǻ˵ö֪

¹Ϫסס飬򶨵ϻˡҹ㶼Ѿ

ЩĺۼŹ˵ģҲ֪ʱܺá
һȫû뵽ʱ㣬Ȼ֧ϰƫͷһƯĻߡ

أĴ¡

¹Ϫˡ
ûϵĴСЦʲôԡ





42.   42    


¹Ϫ, ˴룬죬͸ԼƵġ
ǵͨ죬ܲסľ, Ӳ΢΢

ܶʲô, ȿȡ
Ц޹, һ, ҹ

¹Ϫ˵һ, æס졣
, ü, Цø޺

߻, ϲ֫Ӵ, ҹԸһ, Ӧµ޿ɺǡ
 
ɣ
¹ϪΡ
Ҫ

Ϲ˵ط, ҹǸ⣬Ҳˡ
Ц, ֳȱ, Ϊ֧ƱȻ룬ɢΧϸ䣬ţ˵Ǿǰɡ

¹Ϫ޷ߴɴ࿴Զɽһ㣬˰ɡ
ǽ˵Ҫͬ£ûзַ˯ĵͷ, ׷ߣѵ˵ġ¡ʵ𣿡

¹Ϫ
˼ֱֱ˽Ӳס
Ҳ֪Ǿ䡰ʵζʲôֻһζƫƤͷø͡

죬˵̫ˣû׼
ҹɵ֮£ǡʵˣͬ˵졣

ĬãѪȣҺߣͷ
ǡɡ

¹ϪظԼ˸̨ףվŻľӡҲʱʱ㡣
ģԼƣЩܲˡѾ  ҪĽ㲻ٶԣһЦá

ҹûϢãȥϢҹٰᡣ
¹Ϫš



¹Ϫû˼ȥţȻƣͲѻЩͷۣӣɲȥ
һתؽŴأؿˡ

Զ֮ʶԼ嶯ˡ
˵ü縺𷸴Σһһţûһ˼أ˸оⲻ̤ʵ

¹ϪԼ˵ľĵҩƽһ¡

侲˼·ܶࡣ
¹ϪʶЩԣ˵ĸо

Ǹһֱװϵͳ΢һ˲ʵӦ֪ҹʲô
ϵͳ

˵Ĭϵ˼
ϵͳMD

ϵͳ֪Ȼʮ㣬ʵŮ֮Ͼ鲻㣬ƤòС
ͻƵѵҪҹʲô

¹ϪƤˣϸֻ̣֪ᱡ𣿡
ϵͳᱡˡ£Ҳᱡ

¹Ϫ̫š
ձһ£µڣô£

㲻Ծ¹Ϫɵ֮ǰһֱ˵ǻˣǿҪԶһ㣬ҵòСĽҲ˵ҵ֪ݣô˵ҪΪµĹͷȴһˣȰ趼û˵

ϵͳ
㵫ܽݶԴҵֳȥҲ䵽˾ء

ϵͳʼס¹ϪݵĵλԤδŮֱȻϣԶɣ÷չŪ

֪νĶʲôˡ
ƤУֵȫû״̬ƫƫôһԸװƵСһ̲شߡ

ʲô¶㣬ΪΣֻҪһˡ

ϵͳʼףҪ磬ĵĹؼ㣬Ҫס
¹ϪΨһµˡ

ҹۼҪߣһƮƮǾ͸סˡ
ֱ񼣣û˱Ǹķ

һ¹ϪԼȦףۼ˾ҪԶһ
ȻЩԲס¡һŪ˸ڻˣĿ  硣

ÿĵᷭ
Ϊ¹ϪʵβԣֻΪԷ᲻ûһ¡

ʵ˵޽ͬ䣬緭á
ȻԻ̫ܵ࣬¹ϪҲԭˡ

ϵͳģû·ˣ滮һУع
Ȱ㣬㲻ʲôӣ˵ˣٻҲиĹµĻᣬ˵ܵһԡߣûڻʲôҪһ٣ͬ㣬ͬҲͦߵģҲ

ģҲ
¹Ϫһģ

ƨ
ѲУκ˭㵽δԵ 
ֻΪԹߣٿǧ˳

һħ̲籾УһС
벻Ҳѣ˭ѽ

ϵͳ
Ϊ˲ġ

ν˳ɻ¹Ϫøɵϵͳô˵ˣǵڷ¡
һǾͺá

һ䲻ûϢʱ򣿡
ϵͳ˵ʲô˼ɣҶˡ

ҾҪһ˽
ϵͳüһ˽ˡ

ϵͳɡҹﵽʱкһֱƣ׵ġ
¹Ϫ




43.   43    


Ҷ, 
޴ĴͷϵĿȳ˿ͷ׷״Ӵ½ϴ, ͷװжײڻ

µŶ, ͷȲྐྵ, һ˫ĿȺ֮е, ͷϵ
ȻɨȺ֮кȺһ, , æ޽Ĺӿˡ
һӭȥ, ӣôЦ, ġһߴҵĸŮ, ΢΢һ, 

ڼǸ£סм, ɻпͲգ

µ, Թ, һ㶨ȻĩȵĻߣе˵٣ںϳµļʸһ㲻ôҲϸ߼۲ǣΪΣ

Ҳ벻ͨΪΡ
һ·ɽ󣬱Ӣϵ֣׼Ƹ񡱡ֻҪҶͣϼ, ԮָɡƫȻ˵Ҫȥһ  ˺ȡޣø¹ϪƸԳ⡣

ھźûҪ
¹ϪǡƧģ治࣬ӢƸѾ㹻ԳˡȻ֮Ҳг񣬷Ϊӡ

ɻ˵һˣûзӣֻܸϡ



¹Ϫ裬ö⣬ͲŤŤˡ
ҩæµպһͬһ˶͡

ùȥᶫڵһգĲҩζȥңȥԡٻ
Ȼӡ˹Ȫء󣬲ŰɵͷصԸӣһ볨̨գʵʵ

ûĹԴмٻůөʯ׺ĵܰ
ѾĴϣıӣӵؿ

¹ϪͷĶ˶٣
ûǴĻڲŰ˵ڣѾҪ˯

¹Ϫƽִͣţ߽
ָָ컨룬һž޴ҹʯﰵҷдƣԴ򿪣á

񣺡
ɲҹʯ̫磬аտԡ
һ˯ˣô

¹Ϫˣ˯ɡ
Ըֿ˿ůөʯһȭͷǶ͵ʯڣеƣеװƷϸˡ
ϲϲǲ

о̬ȱ峿ʱ˲٣Ѿ裬Цʣϰ˯ıߣ
¹Ϫ˯м䣬ָָ̨Ǳߣ˯ͷɡ

˸طʾԼҪռĵ̺ܴ󣬵ûŲǡ
¹Ϫǵһͬޣµĵ£û֨

ȥ£˴
߶һˣ¹Ϫ컨壬е˵ĸо

ϴʱһ
˽˿ռ䣬ڶһˣҲо졣

ˡ
¹ϪһۣҲ۾泯㶢Ʊϵİƣ֪ʲô

˵Ҫ˯ôۡ¹Ϫϴ
ҡҡͷûС

˶һ׮ʣȻ֮Э̺νľϵӦȴһĹ̡
¹Ϫͼ縺ɵΣ  µĻ¡

սˣ
ٿȻסһ˲ȥûж

¹Ϫͳһʱ磬ҪȻһ𿴻飿

ɤĶߣͷʱƺҪǵĶ
죬￿˿ɣá

¹ϪͳǱͯ飬ϵͳҪġ
ϵͳʺ˯ǰʲôϵͳԥ

һҳͯȤĲͼ¹Ϫ͸оԼˣˡ
ϵͳTMҲû뵽ȻǸ

¹ϪȥķӦ
ûЦ͹ԹԵ˳ָȥȼ֣ںƺרע

¹Ϫ־ͯҲٺãͦʺġ
ϵͳ

ҲרעعϣԽؿ
ͦһ£¹ϪĮĳ˶ԣѾͯˣ仭ɰ

⿴ϸڣܵϻ죬ǴĪЦûסЦ˳
ӵţһϸ΢ĶҲӰ˴ˡķɨա֪Цʲô̧ͷЦ䣬ᵹӰӰ

ӪһůգҪƻҪһ㡣
ȴܵ˹ƻ

̲סͷĴ
㣬Һϲ㰡




44.   44    


ϵͳʱ׼ơ
û뵽, ĸűӴ죬ͯϨ˯ˡ
һû÷·һµ꣬ǱֱЦ, ҹҹΡ

¹Ϫĳ̶ֳ˵Ǹ̡, , ϲ䶯һɲΪ, Ľ˵ոպá
աԻڡȥ, оҹ߶һ, ż, ͬǰ޲ͬ

ͨһ, ԼĽǸɢ, ȥʦ, ¡

Ȼ̩ɽ˸Ÿ
ѩʦҪͻ, µ˱չصĽͷ˭Ҳ

չͻ¿ɳɶ, ˳Ļռ, ˵õûꡣ
¶Ǻ£߲ã¹Ϫ޹

ȥ֤Ҳһġɶ¹Ϫԣǳ֤һ»ʦȽϿסֲһصģֻҪһûͬ  Լʲôϵ

ǿãֻðࡣ

֪ŵϵͳ, ҹζ࣬۶ӡ
ĪֲԤУҪҸƾĵð׼Ͻͻƣ˿ס



νԤԶգδ»٣ؽ׼ιʦ֮λ
ʿɽζҪˣæټսӦδı䶯

öΪǰ׼ְִͽܣҩһ漫츳ĵð׼谮
˵׼ֻ¿յϲòɽ

һδƽִһϢӢں֮У޸̳ˡ
ɽ֪֮ܵϢΪ֮Уڲ֪رסһ˳

ҽϢ⴫ɢӢ»ʱķѣ˹ϷִԱסǼյõ
ϢֱӸϵɽԸѰӹİ׼ıӻ

ɽڣûա
죬ǳ˵Ԥϡ

׮¶һ𣬱ǻ಻ǣƽߣΪ׼չزͣĪֲƵһ



ںͶסд͵ӭ塣
ȫ֪ʵоƷݵʵɽԮϻ˲ˡ

ֵ֪֮ʣӢ£ĶǼأʿ԰ˡ
ʸ֮⣬ɽϱԹ˳ңһ·

ǷǣӴλ
Ҳ໥֮С˼һձһ׽Ϻõֵܡ


Ȣ¹ϪһѾû˻ȫûִֵòÿǻᶪġ
ʶȻ˵ɽȴûȥ¹Ϫһ档

ɾǸµ׽ڣ˽֪̽¹ϪԻ׷ʹĹ
׼ǻҵĸ¹ϪͬԼˣԼ뻨ٺòġϼסϵôһһʽġ

Ȼô룬Ҳǿ̬
˸ᣬԡʦ֮֡׼λŵӺͻǰƷ

¹ϪϽЩͷʦ˵˵ǻĶ  պʦ³ɽ˳ɾȥ⼸ͽܵģȻҪӡ

¹Ϫ̫ȺȥԼˡ

ûܵ룬¹ϪԭԼݴϯ
ȥӣȴȻЩͷ˷磬ϯ

¹ϪֻúϢԼһȥˡ


ȻΪͣ磬ӭ˵㡣
뱸ΪһὫӭ山ԷĲһ⣬ģƷ

¹ϪָԺӣƹеʱ䲻ڣһ䣺˵Ҫͬɻˣ
¹Ϫٳٵذ

ϴͬ׼ʦ²ɣʱû˵ѩ죬֪

ԡ
ʲôʱ򣿡

ʦЩصĻӦûӡ¹Ϫ˵ЦЦȻûߣɽеĺӶúȦ˳͵ʦء

ѵõЦ£˵ʦҲ׼
˵ˣͼıʦǵ𣿡¹Ϫ߽ݣʦģŸ£ֲٺ١

ͷһ˵ˬ󣬡¹СʦҪ𣿹ʱɵƷѣСʦñһݴ񰡣




45.   45    


, ĳ氲һ˲һ֮Ρ
¹ϪڣſߵĻڣ۵ڵЦݻ,  

ڵЦ, ͵ǳ, òؽ˾䣺Ȼ

¹ϪûӦǾ, ˾, Ȩк
Ǹûɫ, ״֪ԼϢЩ©֮ʱЦݺ, ֻû˵Ǿ仰, к¡

¹Ϫƽ, ֻ֮бʵʱῪӦ, ȫ͸˰㲻סȲ衣
ݵĺﻰ˼ҪǶǰ½, ΪЧ
׼۹ߣΪŵӵʶ̫, ǳ΢, ûмĸٺ

Ķ£Ƨ֮˵ƶϵ
׳׺͵̬¹ϪļλʦֽǽЩܳ˵ԾԾԡ
ֻԲǳɽţǴߵģҲա

м£ʮþ, Ϊ⡣
̶ĿͶԽ  ԵøĬ¹Ϫϡ

ͷ˱֣һһָߵƿ
˵¹Сʦýϲ£Ҳ֪£׼ôæһ㱡㣬ʦòҪ

̴ӻ⣬ƿ˫ַ¹Ϫ
¹ϪȲ趼ҪȱˣcueԼ˲յȥӣӦ˾л

Ŀһɨƿɫ΢
ƿӹġ

ΪҺֿɳ֮Ϊˮʦ÷԰ɷôҺƽϢһ
赭д˵գüҴֵɫ˷𾪵ľ

ˮ/½ϲ֮ͨϡӦ
õ˵һúЧȻҪɰ׼չʾһȶˮıҲ᲻óһƿ͸¹Ϫ
رҶƧ϶ϧ

Ȼ˱ƽƽؼɶϡ
ֻҪھ¹Ϫ֮ͬ󣬵ȪȴһգϾܺȫˬαغʲôˮž͹ġ

¹Ϫ̧ߺײ¡
ҺɽҲֻ֪λʦ񶼲֪ˮĴڡ

ɫ΢Цл¡

ü벻ô£ѵ¹ʦ÷ô꣬ûг֢
¹Ϫҡ

Ա͵ĻںȻ죬֪¹츳ɾ֮

ৡ
Ŀ綤һ㣬Ƕϡ

޹״סһʧԵı顣
˷̬ʵԡɫֱ䣬ûסڵվԣģ¹о츳

һƾӢò¹Ϫġ
Ȩףɽһֱ䵭΢ĵ⣬мѣеƽʧ⡣
һòģ軨׷׳ȥϢǴ˵ȥģȻһ顣


¹Ϫ˿ڲˮ뻨Ҫġ
ĵҲ͵ˣƱQ˼졣

¹ϪͷӦǣֱӳϵ츳ĴһʱõĴࡣ
ɫԽ츳ܶЧã

¹Ϫأԡ
ûסߵȭ˵˼֣촽˶û˵ˡ
˶ӣ  Ըǰı¶¹Ϫ̬׽Ž˵¹Сʦýϲ£ʲôϲ£

ǡ¹Ϫǻ¡

ϼͬʱ΢΢һݡ
ײ˲ü

£λǣ
ɽͨӣ񡣡

ʱȻ̽ˡȻݵ˶ԣִڣǫ̀ǼҹӺԺﲻЩͯӰ첻¡
¹ϪȻҪͬһͨӳɻ飬ֱϷ

治ֱԣЦŵ˾ףء

ȲɢˣԿ׵ؽ¹Ϫ͵⡣

ʱֵƻ裬ƮЩСꡣ
ǰѸ𣬺һ˳Űɡɽʰ׶ϡ

ɽʣһۡ
˵ле̧ɡ棬¶һա
ϴںԽȺֱֱ¹Ϫϡ

ǳǳһЦˣ㣬㡣


˹ɡ뿪һˣŻ¹ϪΪηҪˡ
ֻ뻨߷ƣȴ֪˹ԱȣñĿƷƷ֮Ĳ죬ۿɼ

ȥǰɨһֻۣһСɡ
Ը£ȥ񣬲Խ꾡Խá





46.   46    

, Ǽ˼Ҹе£͸Ҳ
¹Ϫɣͬ˵𷽲Ųϵ¡δߵɽһֻϸմʪֽѴĻ֮з, ͣڡ

ѩɤʦͻ, ̩һˡ
¹Ϫϲ, ȥֽסȻٽʱ, żϵĻ, лһ١ 

ʦһͻƾż, صô, ĿĲԶ
Ĺסβָ, ڴ뻶ϲ


ϲʦͻơ
ϲʦͻơ

¹Ϫղϲʤ׼ء
ѩſ, Լë, Цʦأ

죬ʦ𡣡

ѩЦʣ»СϪн𣿿ҲĿˣ
񣺡

¹ϪЦ, ס֣Բ, , СʦͱȤˡ

ѩƲƲ죬ֹӰȥǰӻ˵Ҫóȥأֿ  ˡ
Ů˼һһ׼

׼֣ڹϣǰЩ
ɻ¶붨ˣѩ껥ֻͨǰڴڽؼʱ޷ء

¹Ϫһۣ˵ǡ
׼Цŵͷղײ, ҲǸʱ򡣲ҾǼ֤ǰͬ˰ɡ

¹ϪգգۣЩ𾪣죿
ҲӲִ١ѩɽаˣ/½ľ渴ӣ׼ǡڴʱ񾳺ڣͻԪޣƫһѾǲܹˡ䣬ˣĵģü̡

¹Ϫ˼ˡ
嵱Ȼ׼˳ĸڶܹ˳

Ȩ
һҪѳǲܵġҴѾ御ɣ׼Ҳ᲻ʶ̧١

¹Ϫ´ʦȥҪһǰ
׼ʱأ뿪½꣬ƾʵƵѲ֪ҳʲôӡзգǴҶݻᰲȫһЩ˵ϸٽһȥ԰ֵݸһöǽٻҵһһö뿪֮ʲô״˷

Ŀǰȵİţǿǣʽòִ١

¹Ϫҡҡͷʲô
ǰȥְ֤ͻؼҰҲͻ

ͬǽ֤
ӡ˵֮ϣΪԼҲΪԡ
˫ѣһ⿪ͬͬ£ͬ

Ǿ鷳ʦˡ
á

֮ʱ¹Ϫס֡
ʮָۣķ̣Щ΢Ĳʶ㽫߬ýġ

¹Ϫģ·ܸоҵ
ԭΪưͣƺġ

Ǿнϲģ
ԭ¶ҲĪĶ

ڣӡ壬ɳ
ӡͬʱü鸮˱޵ͬ
ͬɡ



̩¹Ϫ˻µġ
ԼĲӣûеһȣôͬҲϣ⡢᲻̫ˡ

ͬӡһضķͼ֮Ȼܻ״
ǷͼӾϸֻ壬  һŵ֮Ҳеöӡڱϳ֡

еһԣǵµļ֤
˫֮ʱӡ桱ɴﵽ±Ч

¹ϪĴˣѵᵽһɬ
ǵĸƼ˲˼ֻͬӡؿڡãعĲϣûġ

ʲô𣿡˵ʲôЦŵģİĲ¶һ˿ڲռ㣬ૣ˾Ͷ֪ҵˡ
¹Ϫľ΢ؿһۣ

ҵĵѽЦ޹Ȼ˶ΪϲǻأܽҲ~

¹Ϫֱ˵ˣ
ԭϴˡͻǵġ


ͻȻ˻飬˵ҹǵĶҹ
¹Ϫͷǹ£˴һ§һ飬ֻݴͯ˰¡ֱŮŬ

Ȼ˺Щҳһֶûȥ֪Ρ
ţҪҪʲô

ǰҪθС
ͬ䶼ˣʲôպ᲻źʧ䣿

ȵȣ
Ӧÿǵ
ǲǺ籾÷ˣ

СȻҪ˵
Ϊ㣬һҲӦõģ

¹Ϫ˼ȥȻ飬
ƺͶ룬ã̧һۣ

¹Ϫڴȡ˸ʼͷ
ͼװһģµָս糺һһӰļ͸˳

¹Ϫͷ֮󣬷ϡ
סĴͬսã㡭𣿡




47.   47    


», ȪֻǶˡ
鵽ŨʱƺȴУֻʣ˱˴ˣԧ첻ɡ

ȵԼȡҺʱǰһ, ¹ϪŻȻƺõġҺԤƵ˴롣亹ֱð, æһҹϹ

ʱϹ, Ҳֻϳԭƻٷ֮ʮ
¹Ϫй, ܾЩ, 졣

ݸ֪Ϣѷֱ˴, ʲô׵ġΪʿ, Щ, 浭ص˾乧ϲ, »,   ҲƵ뿪ˡ


ġӯ֮塿Թ֮󣬲֪ȷʵѵõ츳
ÿҹ, Գ죬Ϣ, , ΪãǸȡ֮ġʯ
ˣġ֮֮ġļܽϣ𵽷Ч
¹ϪԿԸľֵָٶȣ֮ÿջָ1㵽㡣ܵٶҲˣͬʱĵľȴˡ

ǿĸҡ
¹Ϫ۰



׼뿪ɽ󣬻ųϢɽΪӡҶݾι߷ʾá
ɽʧȥ˰׼, ȴֱӴ˻Ĵ󴬣ñȴǰҪһʱֿȡ

ȻЩ嶼ǱģͷҲסԸһ֮ͽ
ɽӵʮȴֻһλ

ڰ֮Увٳ׼ǣ



½Ȫ̻ᡣ
׼ѩȻ᷿ڣ¥ҵʢ

᷿λϣָߵ棬Գһ˿
˵ˮԭƻɣɢÿϼҶõһЩһֵϵľˡ

һģʱ֪ˮҩЧ٣Ҳûй
һӦֳŻﻹûпͨȥһ룬ʱΣ

ǲͣ·ˮ֮ͲöһЩòŻİ
ΪԻȨƣѹгռݴͷײ¡˭֪ԷϵˣһҺ֮󣬱伣ʧˡ

ͻȻڶҺУȴȫ濪ÿжóҺ
ֶͨ죬ҲסҺ֪

ˣֻһ·ߡ
׼۵׶־أȵҺ֣ʦ֣ܳƵˮĵʱл

׼Ц£Ӧá


ĳһгƷУӦһزг۱üǡ
׼Žֵһöʯһƿˮ۵öʯҼһգͣнƵǰѯкʱ»

еĹԱεؽ˵Ҳ֪ҲšȺ̻ͷԽԽ࣬֫ͻ

άȶĻ  ʱ򣬿ɼ˫죬ЩѾʧȥǣ֫ͻأľ̳ƤѣֱѪ
׼ƾþ棬ѩʵô£

ĺ֢뵽ɽ¹ϪôڣȻûܹľ̴ĥҲҺ˲źЩڵȾֵܵһ̶ȣ΢Щھͻ᳤ľʹ̡õˣ˹ǣһֻٳ

ʦ˰ɣ˵ֽ˽˵гһ£˾ͻᱻʳɿտһ֦ɾĻ֦ȥֲ֡أôġ

׼üҪȾȻܵһ̶ȲŻ᳤֦ôôȥˣ
˵ǣĮض¥·ҵȺҲ֪˭ӡƳȼԽ͵ʿԽǵֿȾ֪֮ʱȾʱڡֻҪʹ͡ͼʿٵܿˡ

ÿʣ׵ģԶûеֿĵײˣȨ֮˲̵ذ

׼õʮƿҺֱ˻ġ԰
ӵһˮǱ˿ʼоóͷҶƬĳɷ֡η춼ﲻˮãȱһʲô޷ڵ𵽷Ч

䱸ɭϵڻʼҺԷɽ֮ǰ

ȼϴΰ׼Աӹ̹Χǽʣס˵ߡ
صľǰ׼ûסһ

ʼҺԷԭ滨ҩɽ֣УֻȻ£羰á
ǳƬһܼһֱӵɽһˣ˶ۡ

֮⣬ݲּ֮ϡ˸еΪʡ

׼˵˹ģȺҪʯʳܱϡͷֻ벻գ

߽԰ȺĿʮţܱ߻Ҫʯἱ½µĻֲ֦Ⱥ֮䣬Ҳ̵ֲժͿЦ£Ϊ⣬ҲȺ֮Ҳ໥أ

׼˼磬ֹΣյ£ûôõ  
ûʯͶ룬ȴÿ²ͣĲӺζ

ʳ֮£





48.   48    


֪
˴Լָ
յ½İ׼ܿó, Ĺʦο

ʱʳָĹؽڴȻһḷ̌Ƥֻ˵̰ǹѩ, һ, ԽԽ, ԽԽ졣ʶΣ, Ҫ֮ͣѾܹˡֻܱЮǰ, 岻ǰͷ, Ҿͻز, ܵһ, ǰ, ٻбϣֻϣˮΪһʱ, ûһλ۾

׼һ֣ͷʦˡ
׼ĬȻ̾Ϣ


׼Ź, ¹Ϫ֪½ҺԶеĻҪöࡣ
ˣһƱ, мɱѾֹüصĶɱ¼, Ӱ켫ӡ

弱ҩȹͳΣ¹Ϫȴֹʡ֪ĺ֢ǿģʹ˽ĿڻȡϣôﵽͶƿĿġ

ĵĿ֮ڴˣԵ̰׵ӿ
ȺĳһѹҲֹ

Ⱦֹȡ½ϵ, ʹλϡʯΪΨһԴ
ʱԴ˵սֻʲôӡ

һᡣ
¹Ϫ벻ƾ֮

ֻ£ݺϣ½ڳִĻɽĳɳҪʱ䣬׼ҲҪһֶڻվȽŸʱҲ뽫Һظȥҵֹ

¹Ϫ˼գժȡ˴ҶҺɷ֮һȥ׼
ֻܾƾĵ


һɣɽΪ˱˶Ŀ˻ֿչҺԭϣԼҩҲʼֲ
û뵽ҺδΪɽӭһȺɢɵΧ
Ŀֱָһ·񣬹桢λʦֽļķ塣


ʱֵ賿ɽӣر
˳˵һ磬ڽԵĲժҩĵСҩʦ  غ磬Ǳ˲ܽͷɽĵ̡

ɴˣȺ֯ɢһ·嵽ķ嶼û⵽ʲôĵֿ
潫ýⲼ˲㷨󣬺ôŵʦù֧Ԯ

ɽŨȾա
ɽһܵϮԵоΪ㣬һɢɳ׼֮ͽһ壬ˣʧء

ؼʱ̣ȻǿŶľڴ˵Ļڳæ쵼ֹֿ
ݳһס

¹ϪΪסΪƫԶһɽƬҩٴ޳棬ŭģŽȥɼˡ
ݱǰɽһҪ¹ϪСɽҲûʵսһ˲ӿôá

ȴֹýȥɣзִġ

̻ĵǴ˷ӿ޴ڡ
ľ£˻Ų·ͷܡҲЩֻǰȥָӷڵĵ˵С

ǿǴ޽ɵΪ
񣬲ɶѣȴڳκһ˶Ҫ˵¹Ϫ뿪֮αװľʧɢˣ޲ޱȵĴݡ

ֵڶ⣬޷װġԼʶ˵ʲôĿȥ
һЦЦ洿⣬޶⡣

Ȼɭ֣񱻻һקţҪ׳ֵƴѪ֩ʱҲ㣬Į

ݵΪԼˡ
ȴһЦ֮УõԵĽ͡

Īؿʼð
һαװ˺ȻǰжαװƲһ¡

񾿾ʲôƾ̣ڣʦٲ֣Գɽķʽرͷˣɽս˹롭
Ͼĵ޷ʱϹɢڸ֮ϡǳȺɢɾۼΪͬģ·ɢѰһ׶༪١

֣߬ӵֻűȫСֶֿΪķڸպһҩ֣ͷڻŴҺ
Һ˷׼ڣɽܵǱʮ֮֡

ֻܼϣں¹Ϫ֣Եֵ˵С
ƫƫ뿴  ľǸ档

죬㡭
ɽҿ԰ݽߡĻʦֻܷȥǣҽ㡣һ٣Ҳû̫һڣȻǻҪȡرģĵ

⻰˵޷죬
ûлôҲܴӦķҩֺ͵ӽһС

ڶ̣
ҲΪ¹Ϫ޽ͬδжĴ⡣





49.   49    

ݳ, ֮ƣ¹Ϫϻɱ˵зͷĿߡ
һȺɢʱ齨ں֮ʧȥһѹʤɢ֮󣬺ܿܡ˲Ťת, ɢӴܡ


ս´ɽԼӰ, Ѿ֮ˡ
ݻ׽˼λ, һѶ֪Ҷݵĺͷ, ۺɽ, ؽͲ˵, ö֮ҹϮɽʱ䡣

Щ۶ɢ, Щ˹Ӷ, ЩǵϢһûٵ, һ
ǲǳ嵽ǰһȺڻ, Ļָʹһ֪

ˡ
ݷεϮɽǸ˶ˡ
ǵҲпǰ׼³ɽ, Щ˲ˣﶯֽ, ʩԱ

ܹ²ͬǰһ, ɢɵغ޷ˡ
ݽصĵӰźãָ׼ţͬ¹ϪɽȫĵطȪȣбҪӻᵽȪȸͻʱ롣ɽĵ⣬ܴĲ࣬ҩʦҪ

ü, ջû˵ʲô
¹ϪͷȪҲƽԭɽ֣п٣Ѱطס°ɡ

¹ϪӦҲЩ˼ڹڣ»ǲܵӰġ
¹ϪֱЦ֪Ϊʲô˲ӡڷǳʱڣʦڣͬŵ໥ӻһӦõ

ʦֶˡ¹ϪķĵҪǨߣҩ֡
˵ͣԽݣ⡣

ͬһ߹
ĸ첲ˣһǾϸˣ±ȴûлѿĿӣýõ˿չʾ  ѩ׵ɴȾĨѪɫ

˰ġ

¹Ϫ´ǣЩЦ
뵽ȷʵΪ˾ɽĵӶܣ򴽽ǣԼЦ̫ԡ
ڣӡ

Ц˫ͣһȥ

 
˴ζ
תͬ䣬ŷ໥̽⡣

Ϣûסȡ˲ʱ䣬ͲֻӵеĲƲתƳҲ㵽ɽ

ӢҶԶķѣڶԹ˲ϾѰһӻû˿յĳץ
ֻɽ±Ƶ˼⣬ı䣬ݷϣܹˡ

εûǣֻǻﻰ͸¶ҪȪȽһЩͼֵҽͻС֮⣬ΨֻȾ

ɽȱû˰»˵
ݿ¹Ϫ

ڼ¹Ϫֿ֨񣺡ϴε£жͷ¹ӣʵڶԲסҸǸ

̲¹ϪЦҼɱ¶֮˽ҲɽΧȫ㣬ɽĴһһ룬ǰ߲һǸܽģҲֵΪԸǡ

ɱ񣿡ԭأû¡
ӡǣʦ׿Եġ¹Ϫϣ˵뽫ȫƵŵĻȥ

ӡǣǲܣɤȻ˼ȣĸ״ܴ޷ٸӡӡǡҪֱ֣Ĩɱ»úúõģȴͬ˵ĸ׶֣

ɽ󣬱һֱ侲ģ硣
˶ݵˣǸʧȥ׵ˡ

ѵ˵ղǵͨ죬ǰδеʧ̬ģ
¹Ϫ㶣ȻЩҡƽȣʦ֮Ѱ˻ӡǣ⻹٣Щͻƣֲ˵ĴҲδ֪

һѾ˸߰˰ˡڱֽţҪӢɽ֮Ĺϵ飬λĻŻӡ
ֶβף  ó˲ô

£òͷ
ڵȥҲòվüģ¹ʦպ֪Ҷɽκ˶ûġ
ֻܱԽҴȤһαڣͲҪȥڶΣ֪Լ򲻹

˻ڴŷ֮Уһָվⴭ
״ȻͣǰӱǿͣɽĻ£֡Ȼģ

ݸһ
һͣҧ촽û˵ȥˡ

¹Ϫûɵģ첲յȥˣȻŶԷҪ͡
棬Ҳʦ²ֻ̨˵˾޹ؽҪġԻڵɣѰһƧ֮

һԲԷҪߡ
½סʦܡ


е״㣬ʣʦܽǽˣάּķ࣬Ҳһ֧š

ôһʣڳ˵Ŀⶼ۹
鲻һ

¹ϪߣشٳٵӦ˾ֵ˽㡣
¹Ϫʲô

¹ϪӦˡ
৵պ죬ܲһץ˾ܣﻹ˼ȥϸڡ




50.   50    

¹Ϫǰ׾, ڵ̫˳֮һ㿪ʼһߵģ
ֽ͵츳Ҫָղܽһξ

Գ˶Ǽ޼ƿʩĴ, ܻѾ, ڶĻŲɡ
Ըо˱仯, ϲع, , Ҫ, ˡ

¹Ϫصͷ, , 뻳, ĬϷ㡣

¹Ϫδǰ, ľֹ
Ļ, ͷ˿ﶼ͸һӲǿװõΡ

˵Ӳ, ֻûǰֹ
ȻʶԼǶһݿܵ, ǰʼЩŲ

̧ͬ˸𣬡ӣǡ

ÿӣ΢ЦĿȥ



ߺ˼߽ͷԷȥѪۡ˵, һµġ
һԲĬȻһڡ

˼ƽ͹  Ȼ˵һˣΪҪװһŮߣ˶Ľǿģһǿѵʲôģ
˼ǻڵĸһ㣬ȴСһ𳤴̫ӺͰĹϵ
Ӣư֮ʣǿҪЯҲӢǰɽѣ˱ס

˼Ц£ͺñȴ฾˻Сŷӣ÷ϲֻҪŵΣȻҲһ㣬¹ϪֳӲˣЧ

ȷʵͷ˸ʾҲѣôз˲ɵɡ
µϸպãֻҪ֮в˵ܣϵͲһ飬Ȩô롣

ô룿
ת˲˼¹ϪǸ츳ʵڽ۲
ԥΪԶңǸӡóȻǵĴܻΣա

˼ҡҡͷǲվӶǣֻҪͷϸɸɾģץѱʱ֣ٿܼܲ©
ڶģŶ


Ȫȡ
ҹԵӰ¥ϵĵƻǹңӦ

¹Ϫһҩȥ֮п׼ϴ裬ȥһѪζ
ƹɵɵɽȻϮϵѺõ⣬˴͵Ϯɢɴû֡ҲǱ͵ȥģ˲ڵ˲ء

¹Ϫһ
Ϊ׼ɽ˹УȻЩӽǳȴһݸ

׼ڣȻҪɽغá
¹ϪһˮϴԼ˼βܸõķδȻ

ơ
ԡҵű졣

¹ϪӦɡ
һ·ڣûϴ·

Ŷ¹Ϫ⵽ϲȻһ̣֪ˣ°ɡ
ƽ˵ŷ£ȴʶȥӡ

ͷȴû֣ȣ˹
Цһ˫Ծȴǿװ򶨵㻹ڵǣ

¹ϪǽǰͷʦţԼʵסûмϸСɽ˳ԱȫҲӲҪ˭
ʦȻͱһˡ
һ  ҪӦãƫһ֮ˣǧ֮

¹ϪݵĽǶȣϸء
ûйʵϰҪҳֱаĶӾ

ҲòȥΪʦ۰Сӣɵĺܲܶɵ֮⡣
¹Ϫ˵ţͦϲɽ֮˳¡

ٳµġ񰲸һͷⳡϮںڷ˺һ󣬲žۼҹ̡Ǻ޳ɹɢӣȻһ̰Ĵͽ

¹Ϫֻ£ȺǱųͷ̽ǵڻҡȻɹ˵Уڵӵˮƽ̫֮أ׶ԡֻҪҪսڣ൱ΣաλʦܲһֱڹڣʦָҪٰҪ£ԻҺ

¹Ϫصѹ˾磬ǿ˫֮Ϊһǧͬһ㣬ͻ
λڴҸǰ̻̫Щ̫᧿Σ֮С

ʵȴ޷֮ƥػ֮¡

һĹŹڵ£Ȼ֪
£ɡ·§ңж̫ƽӡҲֻʣˡ

¹Ϫͷ
ˮ뵵ٿȻ룬ͻȻʶƫˡ

Ҫȥϴ
һѪҪˡ

ʱ·˻ﵯȫѪζŵģȥϴϴ
š

¹Ϫת·˶Ȼԡرϡ
վǰҪͷùԹȥ˵ԡرߡ

ֲ˲ˮ棺ˮЩˣ
¹Ϫ

¹ϪץԼһʱ֪˵ʲôá
ĬȻ￴ĺˮ棬ʣ𣿡





51.   51    


δ, ֽһС磬޽ڡ
¹ϪеףΪһСɣԼôˡǼɽ, ˴̼, Ҫܷ, ˡ
뵽, ʲôϵġ



¹ϪͬԼ, ʮΪ, Ϊһ, һΡ
վǵʮ, Ȼ֮, Ÿոܹ˯, ۵ֵ̧ûС

ԡһ΢Щʪ, һϴ˹
ûķ˿  ĺ, һ, ѹ

Ц˵Ǹ˴ů
㡭

ţ¹Ϫ۾
Ӧһºòã

⽫¶ƽ΢Գһǰס
Ǿ׵ʱɤᣬ˹ƻ

ʲô
ͷȥϵӡǣС, Ҫһֱϲҡ

⻰˵úˣ¹ϪһÿɰҪ
תر˳ëһ㰲ıЦţãһġ

ȵ°ţᵽһֽ˳İ㣬ôһӾͺá

أ
˭ûССĦѽ

·ǲգҲҪң𣿡
˯֮ǰ¹Ϫл֮УĽͣԾȻҲûɣֻʧЦġ

Ķסһ
Ĵǣ˯ɡ



ۼˣĸ첲Ƥһϱ˯졣
ȴʼѣͣͬӡϣĦţţһһ飬񿴲

ɻԺӣһΡ
Ʈãȴ䲻ʵ͵ģûʧ

ֻǰȪڣ۵»磬нǣҲǹӲϲøɢˡ
Ȼɽ֮¹ϪԱǣߣȫˡ

ĵǾԼвԤС
֮ңܿˡ


½ð
Ȫ̻ڵֵɳˮﲻֻͬǰ̫ƽʢȣǰ˻֣ǰһƣɱ

ˣ廹£۾ؽۿ˵͵Ķеʯˮ
˱޴ˮŵ̻߼ҩʦѪģֵ

׼ŵµ־粻ݣ˵֮ᷳС
ָһŲҴ߽᣺ˣڸǲסϲ⣬Ȫ̻ڵҩԳּʦƵˮЧͬǰ۳һûвã

׼޶ԣ
һ㣬ֻǵȻصͷá

Ǳͷʦʱ࣬ƳһЩˮ

׼ǹʦ֮  ˵Ͷκ
ȻӻӹѧȻеڶȴǵۺΨһ

ۺȨѾã
˼Ĭϣ۾Ȼû̫ӣͻ񾳣ۺصһʱ佫ϻλ
ƾѳҲɽֻʱ⣬δȨߴùϵһ׮ʵ

ˮ⡣׼Цֻɽ
ɽϮ֮ҲšӦЩǻʹȥģȺСȻҲ죡ʦܷģҿǲܡѾһأҶݾտصͬ·ڶΡ

ˡġؿ棬ЮҲ档
׼ˮĵǿϧĶһõȫ巭
κ֪ˣ᲻ǰֺβ

ֻҪɽϣа׼ӣԲᵹȥ
׼С˼δԣûΪ˼һױɽǺ¡

͵²ˡ
׼ϲʣǣȥҩ
ͻȻڵȻʦѾƳ˵ˮþ¢

ʲô
ʦô˵κһӵˮԲὫóˡ¢ϵ״̬Լˣ˳佫Ʋɵ

׼׷Ц£һʢк壿ǸԶؽ֮ˣֻһ֮ڰɡ

һףͷʦѵǡ
ΪӣȻֻһ֮ΣȻ˵ġ
׼Ӧ

ֻ¢ϵռȻƳˮˣܿճˣѽ֮֮ˣ֮壬ǲò

׼һۣ¾Σ
׼ûеִ˼ҽѾڸ̻ḽţһгˮ˳֣׷мݡ

ܡʣĻû˵

ɱӺ
׼뵽ͬ˵һĺ壺Ҫˮ¢ڻȻû˼ֱӿҪߵȴίظȲҪΪҲ  Ȳ

Ȳܵڻ֮





52.   52    


ڶˮ£һʮöĽʯ
һ޶, ɽǰʮϼƶҪֱ࣬ӽɽʲˮƽС

ʦŵѾϣҪ֪سˮûôˡ
ݵ֪Ϣ֮¹Ϫ, ׬ȡʯˮȫ⡣

Ľ˿, ¹ϪѾĵ, Ȼȥ, ȴԵһ԰ȫĲֿ⡣

ľȻ¹Ϫ, ҲԤ֮⡣
¹Ϫ֣, ˱ȫ, , ֮Ҳûȵءݽ, ֮ؽսѷ, ʯԴս֮бΡʦ֣ðЩ, ҲҪЩԴС

ͺñۼĩ٣, ϲݳ֮, ϲˣֻ
ͨҲû˱ķӣֻܴ洢ԴӦĩˡ

βֻ֪ɽǳԶܺͻϡ
˼ˮԲͣڻݱܻҵķâɡԶذһ꣬һֱ¶, ѵʼԷҪǲɣ

¹ϪȻݼţȲ𣺡ǲĻѵɽʱû˰ȫҿɳһˣȥߣܲʦַģһС£ˮó֣ҲԳһЩ

ȻҲǴԴΪ׷أȡʯӴ


ǰգɭֲ׷׷ֻ˻֦ꡣ
¹Ϫȫȥֽ걻ɡ£ռһλûпλá

ǰꡣ
¹Ϫ֪ζʲôƺǽޡ
ˣſʼҪഢʯ뿪ƽǼ֮ջӵõĻرԶԶʵͶ롣ֻΪܿٸƾűʥǵġ
׼ʯ󷨣һǵľ衣
ɳ֮졣꣬ǧ֮Σ˭Ҳ˵׼ġ

¹ϪȫĻ֦  ȥˡ
ʯԸȫһöࡣ

գûӣֻǵʼҵױѵ˵Ƿ뻹˼ӵ˼Ȫ֮϶ǵע⣬ҪСġ

¹Ϫסѣ˵ͷ֪

ҳƲݣˮ󲿷ֵҩĶͨ
ɽҩΪɢӷᴿҩϰġΨдƲݺˮĳƷҪغá


¹ϪΪ˽ڻױ֮ڹаְͣһ֮á
ʼûĺۼƺɽ¸ܵģŷſġ񣬴ȥһ½

֮٣һ̫ΣգΪȪȲûء
ͬ˫֮ϢڣѾĵ˽ϿɣԽĽ硣

뿪ǰ˪˵ӣ͵ȿڻţϧ𣺡ҪЩͷעⰲȫ׼ʦٻ𣿼ǵҪҴš

һ̣¹ϪΪԼҪԶеɷ򣬱صš
ԲɷЦ

񲻽ͷǣģҲ¡

ɫãŮ⻷źأ
Խ޵н磬ȪڣҲġ



һͣ¹Ϫˡ
ȥıӰòջĿ⡣

⼸ط֮һη룬еĲ·˺һӣԽԽ󡣡
йâһȣԳһ͸ľͷǷе¹Ϫģ

ૣ㣬һҪȫݵػ


¹Ϫ뿪Ȫˡ׵㱨Ƽճɽ

Ŷ뻨ĻŮ֪ʲôȥˣ
ضξҵΪޣٶȣɽ󲻾þ͸ˡƿɽӦòǱȥġ

ױξҶ࣬κһӣˣȥɡ
ȥ

û˶һֹģ
Ҷ࿴һЦЩΪˣ

ڵͶɽ֮ˣȻ
Ҳûж⡣Ҷճյǻ  ĹӣƯµ˭Ҳûġص¹ϪҪ֣ûͬͻЩ£ǵ֮źá

ü
Ҷӻ֣ˣٹ˵¹ϪԶ˺ȥȪȵݸ˵ͻȻʣΣգҪ¹ִһ͸ӣΪҿԸκδۡ

¹ϪˣҲȥȪȿˡ
Ͼ׼ˮĵ˽ģܵйЩˡɽ춯ɽȫ͸ֻȪûн

죬ʲôû˵һΪѡ
ȴĬȻЦôõĻᣬڵˡ


յ
ָһ̽ӱ㻯˻ҡ

ޱɵϣű˿·ܴᵽһ˿¹ϪϢƽ顣

ĺûֵģľϱĲࡣ
λ֮ǰ伫Ѫȷ磬ֻΪõλá
õˣֻ̫ƽԶһ㣬סλá

ϧ˲⡣
źڵɱ֣


ҶҪ⽻ԱͻȻˡ⡱ݺܿѶ
ֻҶؽ֮ľͻɫѪƤѣżΪ}ˣ˾Ҫɱ

뻨˺ס
һλھĶξǷɱˣĿǰЩǡǰȣסж롣

ż¹ʦأʦֿѽ
ɫѿ뿪ɽмˣҴŸˣһʱҲϲ

ֵȪеͤҲܻһ
˵ڣҪֹѾˡ

治֪ˮ֮£ǰǿüλʦòҪȪȵ⴫
漸ʧԡ˸

Ϊɽ¶ǱʦµĿˣһľԵͬ飬šһͬͷķա
ĸƤʲôʱʼģʵѽ˲͸

׵ϥعһӣʩԮ֣ȾǶξɣ
ݣ
зܾȻȵĵ

ؿһ  棬
Ƥһ£ܿĿ⡣

ݣɡ


ˣûѲȥӭӡ
һȺװ嵶룬ɫȴ˿ԡ

нæ㲻ڣҲû˽Բ𿪰֪ξ˳˲ӣ

Ҷ࿴۵һľޡ
ӯ֮壬ֻϧѾ¹Ϫ

˵˱ָǻӦǱֱ˵ͤ
û֨ͬݶ񣬹ɸȺ֮ǰͤ

Ųڵظ࣬þòЩ
ЦЦֶԱһ£Ȼǵ񻹸ˡ

ҲûĿǰЦÿ룬лʦһ

滹Ҫ˵ݲĿ
̱˹ȥԶԶ˦

ں涨ĮȻıӰָսۿۡ

ÿζ
ʦʦֻ֣뽫õ¹Ϫ

ϲʱ¹Ϫû⣬ʦȴ޵شѹӣ
Խ˼ԽڣԽԽޡ

ɽֻ׼ҲŽ͵ܵ¹һ꣬Ųһ¹Ϫ
ױĵ

ʦƫˡ
ɽԣҲûʲôˣ˽˳˻壬Щʵʵ档




53.   53    


Ҷ֮ͤڵϢ
һӹȥ, ڱصؼûа㰲˼ңЩƿء

á
Ҷıľ̶ʱͻѪ, ͸
Ȳȥ, , ضŽǰ, Ԥ׵طѵô£㲻˵ѹ𣿡

汻ɱȻһ, ˳ͣ⡢, ϴ
˵һ, ɫ, ڨڨؿһۡ

¶ԭ, ·֪ʲô

Իһ, ݱеĹϵ
Ҷգ¹Ϫ뿪֮, мؾõϢ֪Ȫڵ֮ͤ, Ҫ˽ȪȲ̽

˭֪͵ʴ, ֪ͤΪʧȥá
ҶΪԼһģ˼Ҳûȥìͷ׼棬Ϊ鱨  Ȼ˿û˼ɵԵסݣͻȻ¶˳

ⷢչʼδ
ﰵҶʧȥжϵӲͷƤٵϢԿΧ

, һãȻ
˵ʲôѹ⣬Ϊ˵ҽ𣿡

͡
һľ̴Ҷļ׵۵Ȼֹͣ˱
ʹ֮УȫޣĻӸȻһʲô˼ͤѹ

˵ŵˣͨͤӡܱ󷨣Ρѹ

ˣ׺ң
Ҷ߬ȭͷҪʧرߡ
飬ԲԼ忪Ц
¹Ϫڣûˮ״彫޷صĴˣ

汻һͷҪˣ
ɫشҶס·

æؿԷӦˣ˿ŭĮȻĬԣûס˼
ˣҪԵסѾܹˡ

촽˶濪ֱԵֽţҶξҪҡ¹Ϫ츳ԵʱԽʦϵʦ⣬㽫Ǵ˴ͤǻ¹ϪҲȪڣӴԺûио֮С
ΪԱֻˣǲԸˣر˷ɣһЦЦñȿ޻ѿʦ֣һʤ߼Ҷξǵģôؿܿ޶أ

˵
ǧѷ

ʦ⻰˵úûе
ΪѰüΪҪر󷨣ӺҶξʧرߣ׵ľȪȣΣɽĵٲ£Ҫ˽Ҳ˲¡οֽͤģǽֱʡܾͤˣαػҪۣθʩأֱӽ˴ͤͺˡ

Ҷ࿴ڣд£
ڸֿ֣ͻȻһʵǵȷʵˡ¹мҶɽʩԮ֣ſϳó˷ĴͤҴûʲô󷨣ȷʵû֮

ܣ  еˣͲøֵġװױҶǨŭ¶˵ԣȥºͽýǵʱҲڳʦڴ˵Ϣ¹Ϫڳ˵Ǳˣδֹ֢Ҫνͣ

û͡ıεҡҡͷǻҺͽ㻹ǵ£㲻ʲôͬ˵츳ҵġ
˶٣·һ㣺¶̫ˣʵ޷֤һڵĶĲڵġʦʣҽˣҶæʵġ

޴صͷһָԱߵĽ磬Ȫڵĳ򵥣λҲˣΨһҪĵطͷİ뿪֮ǰҿŻڣ˽ǽȻܵ𱸡ǼȻͤģ϶ͤйҾͤ͸ǡգգۣǿֱӰ߾УЩԸٽһؽҲ

Ҷɫࡣ
⻰Ǹһûʶɵӣ˸ˣˡ

ԭ벻ͨΪʲôҪ˲£һ˼⣬ÿÿȥѰڵʱ򣬶ܿӰȻÿζԼʶȤһ뿪ˣһִģرԹ޵ý͵﷭գ

áõúܣҶ˫Ŀ죬޽ɣˣң

һͨ粵ֱìͷͤмתʱͨ¿ĺͤûʲôϵ
Ҵ˴һڣ͸оˣȪȵһķ棬ʲôѹסһ㡣

ôҹƭ㣡һ⣬ͤǾǽͷġ
죡ҶһľѾʲôȥˡ

ǰôô
ֱӾڴˣô᲻Ƕߡ¹ϪֵŰ׼оˮ

֪ȺϽ磬ΪľǱӶΧ
ʶܻ˽ıҩĵȵȴȺᱻֱɡ

漱ҧʲô˵ֱǸӡ
һʱħϣ¹ϪȻ˾츳߻ʲôڳ֮ּ֮䣬  ȻҪͶϣ;Բƭһʱϵˡ
ڶ治˵ԼΪȥ

Ҷһ޵˼㣬Ұס

δ䣬ϥǺͷһš
һһֻѹļϣֻù

ϥ䲻ྵأѹڲҶϷ΢졣
ĿǱ˺ݺһƣɫȻǺ쵽Ӹ

Ȼ΢ɱ׼дɽΪŵ֮󣬾û˵һػ
ο˰¹

ұýģѪӿ
ʦ֣ʦͬСʦã֪ʵΣҪһԩ𣿡ҧæԮҪ裿¹ϪʦãѵҾͲʦ𣿡

û

ԲѣһڿҪ¶ڡ 
ͷҶξϢȣ֮סľմѪɱǡ
˫֣Ϊѣ·Ҫмֹͣ˫ͻ䲻֪ʦΪҪͬ˵⻰Ҳֻ£ʾöξδϢ˲ӡ

һǻҶɱָŭˡ
һڿԳнſ󣬺ʦڣѾȲҪ¼ңõúܣѰȥұȻǰ̣֪ʦһȻɡ

Ҫ֪ͨʦŵõɴۣ
Ҳûؾܾʦʲôû

ʦ˵ҪˡһȰҪ侲ģ㲻żҪ¼ңʧ͸¶δ֤ʵϢǹҥҪӺҶξˣ

汻µһϣ㣡

һͨǸתأʵҪıѣֱӽ˾· 
ƽƽȫΪɽĵӣ԰ҶȡڲϢǰ׼ӵݣʹһɽûױξٴ֣
δѾһĿȻ

׶ԵʴȣǶԼĲ̣ڼˡ
һ·ѵƽϢЩ顣

˳ĻɽɢɣһԼ˵ءǴԺþۺɢֵѿ
˵գǰҶݳһЩĵҩҶξ  СԼΪϡ浽ҵʦãҶξƽɹ˽٣ûд󰭣뿴ʦϣţĹһء

һ飬ʵȴǽ泹˳ȥƾҶ෢ˡ
ƾĸţҲûôõȣĿԼҵҪȥ֮󣬻ܴ˵ؽ

ɽĴ©ɸô
ʦ֮άһѾ御ҺϺ

룬汩¶ɽܣñȷѣҪˣλݳҩΪ飿
̬ȴӲ֤ʵԵʵԣǸ϶Ūˣ˵ĿӺûôĵӡ

ڴû¡Ҷĥضŷסԩ棬úѿûɱ㣬ҵҲ뿪ɽġ

ǹ˹
ȵľһˡ

ڼ£ñŪԼ֣
ǽٻһЩ





54.   54    

ҶԷ˼Ѩ, ʧȥʱɱ롣
ں˺ѹ죬Žһ߰˹ȥȻ, ˸дԵ, δ, ֹˡ

֮, ž
Ҷڵ, ʪմˮ̳, ɫ԰׵ĴϢ, ضźڰĳһ

ݼ״, ĬϢ뿪ˡ
վſ, ͷƳһ, ļΪӡ

ԭָ¹ϪڣҶԽŻ֮, һ޿ɱܣû¹ϪԼ, ¶ò
ʱڳô, ĿǰȪ̽飬ҲԷ׭¼Ρ

ִִˣӰȻȻ䵽¹Ϫϣ֪Ըŵֻ޺ƤĶǡ

˭ȫǰ㡣
һֻˮֱӽ水ˮ赶ɱˣûܴ

Ҷ಻֪ССһɽϻ
İ࣬ڹ, ޵˼ɡ

ڸĺ־壬
ջʲôû˵ܱ뿪ˡ


Ƭ֮Ҷָ⶯һ£ɤƣյһ䣺Ҫ
⣬˵Ӧһܿȥˡ


ߵòԶ  ҴȥıӰɫء
ͬǹҵȴǸҪ棬֮ǰ뿪ҲĽų̣ǰʦֵϢôڻû

ǻôѶʯͨѶ˵ģ¹Ϫ˵Ѿظϵ·ϣʱôõˡ
ɷԲǧû֪һ˿Ϣ

Ըеһ˿Ť¹ϪôˣҶǿԺߵĴڣôУؼôһʱֵõǵˣ
ڵҶ෢ڹ˵ѾŸˡŻʲô£·ϵ˰ɡ

Ĵ˵仰Ƴһۡ
ǹһ٣¹ϪûиŻ˼

ǳ鴤£
бҪô
Ȼ֮ദ¼ҹ޷ġ



һֱȵڣû¹ϪϢ
ôѶʯȥϢûõظǷԼĸоӿˣ³ʲô¡ʵסӺȪȣ׼ȥѰ¹Ϫ

ȥ֮ǰɢʶһɨʱϲüҡ



¹ϪѾˡ
ֻûȻɽȥ塣

ΪȥҶˡʼһжסڴ˷֮УȻϢ湦ȥҲӦõġ

¹Ϫ֮ͬǣ޵ĸӦָ
˳شͷԾıӰӵȥɤﶼ͸ϲ⣺ˣ

˵ֻ졣
ȴһ󣬷ֱõһʱˡ

һʱԣαװĹ˳֣ϲؽͷ˲ĶҺ㰡
Ȼе˵彩ӲûиӦ

ֱָĻӵ
񣬡¹Ϫת鸴ӵؿ촽ЩףûʲôҪ˵ģ

һᣬſܱߵĻ
ܲĲң¹ϪĽű߶һ·أªĹϿţ

¹ʫ֮Ĺ



ǰ
¹Ϫظϵ·յϢһůǰǵ޹ķ꣬м¶˼֮ɢ

ٹ鷵ϵͳȻһһĻ
ɭ֮Ⱦ㡣
мȾԴɡ

ѻȡ쾵10%
Ƿȡ
ǡ

¹Ϫ  ֮ǰϵͳǸ
ʱ˿ȻߣȾʷԣֱѪܱ֩ͨߵĻһӰ졣
ûʱһһؾ뿪ɭȻ޸á

ֱ죬ɭֵȾȳ㣬ɡ

¹Ϫϵͳ˵Ŀ쾵ܺ棬ǡȡ
쾵䵽Уһ污͸ľӣƴ󡣸ǹĻȴصӰ˵ģ

ϵͳƺ⿶ŵһ͵ĵĻ
ƣ쾵10%
ƷܣɿһС
ע⣺ÿİٷ֮һһ⡣

¹ϪԸ֮ǰĹȻûȻдƵġ
ʵˣӦôأʯ

ϵͳȡ쾵Ψһķǿ쾵
¹Ϫ죬ϻ쾵

٣ǼСϵͳƺ˼һǰչһŵͼ쾵һֻдԵвŻӵСԵʼֵһǰٷ֮ʮ߿Ը֪˵ĴڣŻɣûԿŵͼϣп쾵ӵŵλöʾպˣǡһ٣ô˾ǰʮֱڣҲԷġ

¹Ϫ棬ûĻ
עͼһΪͻأɫĵסһȻ˿쾵ߴ87%

һϸƣɫͱ䡣
ǵڵλãôɽ




55.   55    

쾵֮, ʶǣ
ɱ˶ᱦ򲻿նǷϵ쾵

쾵87%, ζӵɱ˰˸ĴԵߡ

¹Ϫ´˵׼֮Ǳɽ, ѯϵͳ˾ӵ˭, ֱӺδõ쾵

ϵͳû, 
ʾ, ˿޹ãȻؿ

ָʲô



¹Ϫξڵ, ĲԾ亹, Ϻë
ĳֱԤ, ѹäĿΡ

ʵ, һ㶼ûиоġ

ĿҶӱ, ڹ·һһ׷Ѱ˿, ڿ//ʵ



ǴʲôʱԽģ¹Ϫؿ
뵱ȻΪ, ԼǰͬԽʱǰֻмա  ʱҲǲġ

ʾ, ˵ܹˮ̡
¹ϪʶؾͺϱӱϵΪԭˮ֮ȥǸʱ򴩹ʱҲöϡ

ȥľ˰̣δʹ£ɻˡ
ǴһʼĬǸСܺߡ

򴽣ҡ

ƭң¹ϪĻ, Զָ㡣

ͫ
죬ȴǱ˶ס˺һ

¹ϪǸίתˣϵͳߴﹾһͨҽУҪ̼񣬻ΣգҲҪƭȥˡ

˿̵ĳĬĬϡ
ŭģƴѹֵб̬֮ӲЩͱ˵Ϊʲô˵ˣ˵һ滰ô𣿡

¹ϪһƵߣ㲻˵ҿ˵˵֪ģûԩ㣡

֮ġԭͲ֪ԼǰϣΪĴۡԽɱȫҶݾױһûΪ£ܺìͷ׼¹ʫ˵עȫ¹ʫϣʹժһɶ

¹ʫΨһԲˡֻ̫ԼĽ㣬ܵҵġѡ̫أһʱ֮ѹû뵽Ҳ⣬Ҳȥ롭¹Ϫ̧ͷҹζ࣬ҲŵĿ쾵Ҵ㣬ִб̵ĵڶ峿ֱɱĿ쾵

¹Ϫشӿ쾵ӵߵ￴¹ʫ
ΪǴԵߣƵųơʧ֡ɱ˵Ǹ񣬲ǴԵߡ

ɱ˶ᱦ¹ʫԭĿġ
ѹôй˿λڹ֮ģҲԭ͹һ䡣

ΪʲôҪЩأ¹Ϫ벻ף㵱ʱױΪԱȻˣΪʲôҪһٵڣʵΪ
Ŀ쾵λĲԽ֮ǰ㾿ɱ˶ٴԵߣ



һһǼ⵶ֱӵ˺αװ
Ӳԭأ޴еĿֻץࡣ

쾵֣ʲôˡ
ؿ¹Ϫʧ飬ʹ֮أ޷

Ϊʲô
ΪϲСɽ񣬹  ޺£մǣаıӻ³ɳ

ǸСɽˡ
Խλ棬ʱѾմȾ̫Ѫȡ

Աǿ־塣
ǰʶزЩ۵˼֪

ȫ֪ˣ
粵ضûС



ֺ֣õסָ⡣
ɤ΢ĲС㣬Ҵˡ

¹Ϫͷǣֻ֣Ĭһһҹʵʲôûô

һ΢

ǰҶ㵱ĵˣӲ˵ʲôұʲô
ʾԣҶڲ޽ͬ䡭
տ쾵Ժ󣬱ҵõļֵҵ޽ͬ䣬Ϊ˽

ҵɵһϷˣ˼𣿡¹Ϫرסֻ֣ҧϹۣŻô㣡
ŻѶħʹڻ

ǡ
գɫ԰ֽűҲΪ˽

ۿ죬͸Ŵ޴롣
һƯ·ʲôԱԭ¡

¹Ϫ룬һһεرƻˡ
ǵ۾֮£˭ΣΨǸͷβɵӣȻűӻ

Ϊ˿쾵ɱԵߣٵˡ
βΪ˺ԴϢϢصĽͬɻ飿

һʧȥ㲻ؽ
¹Ϫ˵ǣǾ֤ҿɡ

һδҪڶΡ
ϵͳ˵ǹλ˵Ĺؼܱ˽صõ

áҪô֤
񼫣ҷءܷ

¹Ϫóһŷ
\"ͬӡӴԺ㲻ӵнϿɣȻ֤

Ƿ䣬
ĸ֮˫ֳִ䣬Խ⿪ͬ䡣

¹Ϫ侲سһָֻ֣ҡ
͵֣󣬱ݺһһ

¹Ϫת㡪

ˡ
Ҷѹͣ΢졣

ϵͳһ

˫ϥأǰ
Ҵˣƭ㣬ôҶԡǱ˾˫ͨ죬½󣬽ҲҪӡ֮  ʲôӦ㡣

¹ϪҧŴšͳһţЩҪƷ
һֱԸŵ̬ʲôġ

ֶΰˡ
¹ϪһһԼ

ôۣڹңܲ𡣡

žડ
գգۣݴԡ

¹Ϫĵһʹ׻ˡ
ӣƽָȥֻۣҪӦͬ䣬ӴԺ£ƭҡҿԱ֤һǻʹǰһá

ǰһĽëϹᣬؿǰ£ǰ
𣿡

㲻ˣ
ۣظصҲҪӡ

¹ϪǸԵģȰβɿڣȻվ
ɣ㰮͹šǱƭǸˣͷȴںTMĹˣС㻹ɣ
ͬҲǷҪ˫ͬܽ⣬ϣҾȥҼ֤˵ʦ𡪡

Ȼˡ
ǰһ̻һ˲ȴܲ

ɽ˷磬Ƥϣһһ
¹Ϫֱקס󣬲ѡ

¹ϪͷۣҪҷˣ

ǡûɢī紵ḡţͷںڵ޶˯}ˣòҪȥҰ׼ǿнǵӡ

һּƽȻҲ֪һʲô

¹Ϫͫһξİ
вң

ôᣬʦãҲ˺ġǿнݾܾסǺüûˣ㶼뱧𣿡

¹ϪͻȻ֮˵ʲô
оЩħˡ

ÿ죬ÿ춼㡣
˫ֻϵӡ

Ǵ¹ϪѨһ
ιʲô

סĴһѹסĺԣտȡ
㲻֪ΪʲôҪƭ㣬޽ͬ䣿

ˮᴭϢţΪҴǰ𣬾Ҫ

ߣҧĶ˵֡
¹Ϫ©һģȷӦ˵˺εȴֱ֮ԣ쵽Ӹ͵һѽƿ

ž˦һơ
߳ŭ




56.   56    


񱻴ƫͷȥ
, ۾Ϊ  ֻ΢ץӣȴۿ

֪Եˣ
ȻشǾ仰Ҳͬӡ, ǿн

¹Ϫһʱӿ, Ȼع, ķ, Ŀڸۡ
ҧ, ҿ, ޷ǰͬ˳ϵ

ʲô˵, 
Ų·ˡ



¹Ϫʱ, 
ĥ󹤲ظҶ״̬, ֤ڲٴα, ý桱µ̯ӣҪǡ

ǡù̽, ¹Ϫߣȥ, ںɽˡֹ, Ϊ·ΪȪȣҵ˼ɡ

¹Ϫһһֱţ
־Ļţɻ󿴹ǿ˶ַϵΪ

˵ǣҲǲͷĵ˵ġȰʲôֲ죬ʲô»ع˵, Ƽ˲á

¹ϪͷͷܵҪֲ֪ôźá
ܲͷʦְһˣԼعȥ

أ
¹Ϫϴγŵ»ûףһȥһ½Ϊá

޽Լĳڣûгֱһ֮󣬲ſ˸Ȩޡ
ϵͳܶȴﵽһ̶ȣĵ¡ܽԼôԶһЩܶȱΨһķӡ

ߣ¹˵ĻǼ٣ΪΪ
֮ʱ



¹Ϫرͣ䣬ܺ
ٴγȣУбĿϢ

죬
˼ͬݴѯʵ֪Ѿعȣ

ͨѶʯһɶûиκϢ
ֱ

ϵͳ̲ס۾֮¹Ǹģ߹ôλ棬ǵһμһֵҾΪ϶ˡ
˵ûôصĿλ
ϾǾĶĶԷɶûɶǡ

ϵͳˣˣҲǰյ龰𺳣ʲôı۶ơ
ƫִϷֵģֻ¹Ϫˡ



¹Ϫ컨壬Բ
ϵͳ˵ûûСһ𳤴ˣԱ˴˵ԸϤ

ʼս  Ӳġ
۴С׾ٵػ½⣬Ӷ޼ɵ

Ҳһҧʮ¾̬
ϣӲͷƤǿţԶԶܿҲҪͦһ󣬲ڱɵŪġ



©ƫҹꡣ
¹ϪϵҶǣ֪ǰ½ĿռжˣʱῪ˵˾ֲսۣЩҴˣΪ˲ӣпռ

Ҫ½ֻгۣ󺣵ϷйҪ֮á
¹Ϫôͷȥ½֮󣬶ʧȥ򣬻вأԶĴͿۡ



۹ģ¹ʮ㣬Խ¿ͷԽܼӵײգױµħͻȻϮ
¹Ϫɸ߶Ʊ֮ס͵ԲǰеΡ

ĳ˿٣ҷĸЧá
ͬʱţڼװ¹Ϫ֪Ƿסˡ

һգͷƣ¹ϪЩĲסسš
˵²кȾĥʱĵضĬĬʰһȥ֡

ȥ˲֪ǲʲôؽ硣
ȻҲ۵ĸ裬ı;ֹȴܲ񻰡

;ֳ·¿ͲסӵˣƯ̸̸绨ѩ¡ԡĥʱ⡱

¹ϪһûȤҪط
۽ƳһƬѩ׵ƹ߹

¹Ϫʶرֱ塣
ߵϸһȻڣ

һЦ
ɰ¹Ҳϡ

¹Ϫ
´һڵİࡣ

ݻӸĴ磬ȥ˷׷µװΣһŰ¡ƺ˵ױι١
һȥͬһģһ׽֪֮ˣԷֱ档

һ࣬ڳȫĿ⣬
Ҳȥ̨òˣͷ˽

࣬˵ɣҿɲš
ڻЦαҪҡ

¹ϪЦûڣ˼ˣѹɤʲô

ûʲô֣߶˲ֲ˾ƣ¹Ϊҽͷ󻼣Ҹм֮ˣ˼ǣ㿪Ŀġ
̽ؿһۣòԣ

¹Ϫͷž  һᣬ㲻ôĨǵ̽ҡ
üڣ˽֮󣬱ҲǸһĿˡԼЩŪ˵ﻹ񶼲֪Եɡ

⻰¹ϪȻŻڳϣô׻ƫ̻ġ
ֻǴ˿̶Իһ˿Σûǰһ
ͬ±ֱԵͲô¡

ڿˮȥƣΪ˵ˣ
¹ϪѵΪҾͿ

ѵϲ
¹Ϫһ¡

ڴսҷ߽ʱ㿴ңо޺ͻϲ

¹Ϫ
˵ŮΪ׷ˡ
ڹ߰Զһʱûֱѣ׸һ

ȴĳĬ֮ҪĴ𰸡
߽ǰ£ҿһֱİࡣ;ֻʮ죬ʱڣ㣬𣿡

·ڹģֹ˳ģ
¹ϪͻأĶȻЩǰ

ΪСദģʽ¹ϪϰǿƵߣ֪ҲϵâƵһ˳޵͵ٺĳصġ塱һĻӡ

Ҫ˱ǰһ
¹Ϫʣᡣ

ڣһ㲨ûС
ʦã໥ΪȻ֪ģȴҲνġǣ

Ǹ
Ըʵ

¹Ϫ㱡


۵
ۺȻһҡΡ

ںϣǴ˰ϣħޡ
Ⱥɧ۲ͣҡڣ;ߣƾߣһء

¹ϪعŷԼֱ߬ţЩҪ
΢΢һæֻһԶ

ԭ㻹ϲҵġ

ⲻ֪ʱ꣬ʱʱ˵ļջȻ
׹֮ԳΣںڵͫĵʧѪɫĲ԰ס
ޱشֻʧȺߵǰ

һۻڣץ¹  Ϫ֣Ӣȷʵû䡣ϵӣ֮ӣſׯߣȴӪ׵е

ɫͱ䣬ȴͻȻһ˳ֺϣΪֲˣǺ
һ㣬¹Ϫ࿿һ

ʲô񼸺ǴЦأЦ﷢ëҪôҴȥҪôɱ㣬Լѡ
ڣ  

ױ֮ҡڣҡ
ˣҲвٱ⵽ߵ״Сԣʲô

ԭ𣿺ùѪ
ôòӳô˫ֵ̥ܣ᲻ɡ



¹ϪͷƤ飬ǰס񣺡ôˣ
һڣԼŮˣ͵ǸҺʲôûС߰ɣ⡭

ԽԽ

뱧ϵסƺƽ˲٣ҲûЦˡ
УҲ֡ؿһָ⣬ȥ

¹Ϫ
ҪǴȥǰŴŵ꣬ȫǺޣɡ

᲻ãʣΪҲܷΣ
¹Ϫü˵ʲô

ΪʲôҪ
ȻѪһƬ

ںݺһ
¹ϪûǿӲƫִһʱˡ

ҡû¹Ϫݵɱ⣬Ĵ׺ˣ˫ֲõرûһ㣬ûϡ

ᵱʲô׵¶Ҳ˲ϻˣķߣԣǻط˵
ڰԼɤ

Ǹ֣˲ɿЭ



ڣ
¹Ϫڴߣ־ٵǰ㿴ױĨ˷ۣ˵ĻҲзۣϸûС

һԣס֡

¹Ϫ޷ֻΪҪ飬֮֮
ֻ֣Լգǣҵġ

¹Ϫһ죺
ǰδСӵĶ˼Ȼôأһֱǰװཿߣ

¹Ϫع˻սţϲεس֣˰ɣ
ҵʱֻһʱȥˣûĶҶһ˼ûУôԸ

Ӧţȥؼ죬һ  ģ
¹ϪֱҪĶͷ׶ˣװʲôװղŻҪ˵ӣ޺Сʹ

һ˵Ļ
ߣԶˣϥϹҩ𣿡

Ȼ̧ͷˮ١
ûС

¹Ϫﲻ֪Сǹģﵽ׻Ρ
ûΪԸ뿪֮ʱҲûʵ̨׸£ûȥˡ

˭֪ô±һա
Ҫۣ

··
¹Ϫ֪·ǶĿȣȥϥǡ

ײһƬɫ˱ûס㲻ǵ۾ֻ֮ǹһ򣬻ܽϥǹ׳ղã
ӯ֮塿ˣ˲׺á

¹Ϫ㲻˵ˣרĸͿҩ

 
ְ
ĶҲɢˣ͸һӱŰ󣬲аǽļžС

¹Ϫҩҩƿȥ֮ԼҪһࡣ

ȥ
ԣȪȡ¹Ϫôôȥ˵

ʾرܿߣͷȥԼϥϵˣռ̫ķѾˣûһ֮Ρ
¹Ϫǳ£ ֪ƭҡ

ûƭ㡣˵ЩӲĻ
˵ѾûпŶˡ

£ۿ죺
¹ϪϴξǱŵˣÿÿ붼ܡ
β죬ͻȻЩˣһãߡ

ΪʲôҪߣҪڲԣˣû㣿
¹Ϫ֪Ϊʲôܳصϣʲô˵Ҫˣ

һǱ仰סˣ첻˵ˡ
¹ϪȻЩΣ

ж
µġ

ɴ۲ĲϢɣҽȥ鷿˯

㱻˴ס
䣬ɤ͵͵ģ͸һίС㣬ʲôʱԭң

¹ϪоϵӡǱһ£彩˽֪
ô׺𣿡ĲСҺϲ㡭

¹Ϫ
ܳ






57.   57    

¹Ϫ鷿˯һޡ
Ϊ, һûô  Ϣǳ߱㿪ʼͣΣһμʱģһμֳ, մѪģ

ʹ, о, ɷ߶ӲǸظξ, ˻ǻġ

¹ϪԼ˱ˮ, ䷿ǲ㱡ľ, ӡ
ϧ֮, ŭ֮, ջΪεһ̾Ϣ

ҹﵹǰֵַ, û
ؽյ, ͻлȥİɣ

¹ϪԼûȥƿ, أԿ齱߿ʦµ

ûã֨ѽһ˴ƿˡ

ڵĢ߽, 
Ц, Щࡣ

¹Ϫ߲δԶ
䵭ʶȤûǿ󣬽¡ǺЦ߹ڿʲô

¹Ϫ
һԣǺƤչˡ

ϵ˵齣Ļ, Թԣʦܿ𣿡
¹Ϫ

¹Ϫžһˡ
ʲôʱߣ

˫һ
ͷҲߡ

˵
˵ģûӦ

¹Ϫ£

ֺõزգС㲻ҶԽͼΪʲôҪһȪȣҴߣͿʱʱ̿̿˲𣿡

õ
߽˵ܶȥĽųҲòˡ

¹ϪְǿצӣҲ⡣
죬¹ϪôٶҲСӵʵĿģ˳ǳġֻҪڣΣԱۿۡ

Сǰ󷴲̫
طÿһϡͿ췹һʱѽܡ

˵ܳͷ
¹ϪӣֻҪҲͬ䣬κֲĴ᲻÷㣬ֻԹȥȪȴţú÷ʡʡ㶼ֻͬԣҾͻᱻԵġӴ˼𣿡

ɫһ˲ɷף
ָʧضûпڡ

¹Ϫţһ˲оԼǹ

ͻñƭ

һԲĵط
ҪŪڹ֮Уɿ¹ʫҲã  ڣݡʩչ˶СĻӰ˼ά;ߡ

ȫĵ͵õô

ҲԼ
˫ĹҲûһϡ

¹Ϫչ˼ĳʹأ˷ֿһʱ䣬ѵѵã
Ȼűһڹ˼ûУβŭ



ܹǵ۾֮ǲԸ˭Ҳǿ
¹Ϫٳߡ

иƣ˿סˡ

ߡ
͵͵ܷ

¹Ϫ۽ǿһۣƤ˽
ΪҪ˿ܶԱչ£ֻ˰ɣ

ɿڣ
Ҳôˣ

۾Ҫ߶ãʲôʱŻ

¹Ϫʵǵػһ䲻ֻ֪һ£°ɡȥµġ

񣺡

ԣק֣ú÷ʡһᾡġ

һ£𣿡
̧ǻζ

¹Ϫ

֪㻹ͷϵʱͽǽᷳҵȲҺ¡
գȵȴݡ
֪뿪Ļңֺ»Ͻ͵شŭ¹ϪԹȪ졣

Ƕʱ䣬κο̶ҪѰ
δ¹ϪԼûбȶԵľ顣¹ϪԴˣһֻһλᣬһ֣൱̣ûصء

ϲӣֵԼϣ˿ֻš
Ŀֻڴӿ쾵УڶҪԼʱ۷塣

ʧؿڶ㣬᲻᲻Ҫˣ

Ȫ䴦
æµнԶ





¹Ϫ֪СԴһ쵽ĥЩʲô
ҲļǶѾΪˣô᲻Ҫ

벻ͨûʧ
ȴʧģֻһ

˼롣
¹Ϫٽˣ΢΢ƫͷĴ
˶٣̲סʪβ

˷ҪԣԺ󲻿ƭˡ  

򴽣
ζһȣЩѪɫԹӦš



뿪֮¹ϪȱȱûһĢȵˡ
  /½Ŵ˿е֪ڱˡ

λͬڹòƵ˸ɵġüһ˵ֱӽ˴Ӵͷϳģ˭ֹã˵ʹǱߵļװȥˡʱö˿ˣ߻ȥأգ˶ˡ߻ɫЩﶼ˿޻ۣ˵ϧλˡ

¹Ϫ
⾢Ҳ̫ˣǰôװôԵģ





58.   58    

¹Ϫ/½, ﴦһֻҵ״ֿ̬Է
ҪôŴ󿪣ȫޣҪôչǣϷأֻٲֳǳػά
Ĳ, ǳǳرȨɵġ
лֱϽĴǳ, άԵȶҹϽ, ۺл, ˮĹܿضΪϿ, 
¹ϪǶг, ͣͣڼưȫĳǳ֮жתת, һ, ֻ뿪Ѱ

ʱ, һ¼
ǺΪҪĳǳ֮һ, еʥ֮ƵĺϳΪҩʦʥ, ҩʦ
̫ƽʢʱＸԵҩ, ÿﲻ

Ȼ, ǳٳûгˮĵҲòκ֮Чҩ
һ˲ʢǵһǧɣַ׷ʧʵǰ

ڵǾβ͵͵˵ʱʱ˲ãײһ
ǷɣԭǵǵĿ֮һ۷Ϊ
Ϊ, ܿԳ񾳽磬˶෬ϳˮ
ɱǺϳԵܣΪܣһˮĵϻ˭ƳˮԸ˽Ͷг
۱ʾûС
ΪǹԸޡ
ڵ֮ڣðͻ񾳡
ʧر֮ڳдɱ¾ڳںԴвϣˮ
ȺǱ˵ΪܲǿѨ磬ʱĹ򣬰ݵİݣϾһ
ԩͷ
Ϊ񣬸߼Ƹ֣ǿлɱɡ
λڳǳ֮ڿսƻ֪
ǰĻҵһϱҲɱͬھ̬ˡ

  ˵ʼ뵤ǽõǶԷ
Ⱥ˴Σǳ׵侮ʯˡ
һ֢ͨãֱӽ˷˼⡣
ܱŷοʵǿд뵤ǣ
ĥţ԰ºʼûƳˮôʱȥˣİ׼ѾƽⵤԵһҩʦƵĺϻûƽأ
ಫܵе㼣ǣ
ʩѹӲʩˮȼôҡ

¹Ϫǧϵǵʱ򣬿ľǷһĳǳأ˱ء
µĳۣͣڳǰŸɫʽװۡΧˮйͨ
¹Ϫ㻨˵ʯ˴£֪ȥ

̱һԵ·˷˵ĸ첲ǽգϲסдʣźʺ񣬾ȼ£ҲǧͶû뵽ҲѬ֮ͽ޳ֻŵܱߵҶˣȻܶ£Ŀ

¹Ϫ޻˵
ʲô壬
漰棬ܱǵ˲

ڡ
ҹǻһãȲģٽˣҲ볡
ߵͽ˶һΣϲأ͡мλµĶæžˣʵڷֲ͡λλҪأɡ

ڿλϳƵ˲ңҵΪͬ飬ҲɳǼչˣ²أȻҪ̽һͼİȥչ˺ϾǣԵ£ܵȵġ

ѹԵ¼̧ͷɱȾľ˷財ɱħ˶ѡͷżʣְ֮ˡ

ǵǵĿ䣬ΪϡԵʣΪҪ뺫ϷĿɳ𣿡
Цú񣬡ͷϺαػһУʼǵʥҪȹ˼Ǻϱ壬ǱڶôЩܹ꣬Щ໥ֵĽ顣ָͷ©ôһһ·Ӯô

ɫףǵûˮ
˹ûУβſⷿǽȥһ۾֪ˡ

㡢ػҪ֤ԼûһڵĶֱ̫

С  磡
̺ϵСҩͯŻŴܹͥ
ߵͳͳһʱŤ߽֡ˣקקصѣߵʦȥ˵˵Щʱһˣ͡

˶˽һЦʮþȣ˻ȥ
ˮνĵʥҲû˴ڵıҪˡ



żæŵػصϺԺ䣬һű㼱ʦ򲻿ɳȥȺ˸ǿȻƼ˴վŵŮӣ˺ôһʱνʣ˭

񡣡࿿ŴţʧѪҰ׵Ƥ˿ضȥ鷿ƾĵȡλСѡ

ƺĪðŮΪСѣľһЩ
ͬʵȣһɨƳƿƿƤݺһ

ǰƿ죬֮ͬǰϵˮһģһô

ഭϢţҪţȡһŹ衣Щˮȥǰ
ָһ𾪵ٿ˴߳ĬŮһۣŲæȥ


飬ĳˡ·վ˫ֽҪ񣬡ûЩˮϿֻᱻΧ֮Ϊ
¹Ϫ˫ָϲлǹƽ׵ġ
̽¹Ϫź಻ʥʺ֮ʢϵ¡ԼԹ˲Ͼ֮ʣڵϵȥѵͨˣʵѵã˺˼

ˮȻܽǰ֮ȴֹ֮Ҳ¢ϵĵλҲϴΣ㿴ǷҪӦҵ飬ҳںˡ

Ϻɽͬ¸أµڸ֮Ĺ㡣
ǵǸһڻҲ֮ǰָҳɼӪȻһ֮׳н

༸û˼ȻԸ⡣Сѵ飬ɻ֮Ըϣֻǻ׼ʦǱߡ
¹ϪЦϿԷģзӡ

߶ԼˣҲ໥ƺ⣬ȫ˵ô


¹Ϫյ˵󣬱Ŀźһˮ뿪ˡ
ȥͷ¶棬ʡñ¶ݣȥԺã䡣

ղڣȵġ
Ժһβӯ  ǵų򣬻λƣֱ˵ĻóһӰ

¹Ϫ

Ȫеľɫ
ʱֵգƮ˶ëѩ

һֻ׾޳֣ڸɾƽѩϻһɿɰЦŵСŮ
ԱֳЩģͷԵرСŮСһģ

Щòѽ
ЩС˵




59.   59    

¹Ϫ, ŷӳѾ
һղ࣬һղ١

ʱͬ±ɻȥǼס, ʱ㿨, ˡ
, Ӱ, ·ܴͷԵСϿӰ, Ц

ʱ嵭ǰŭ, 

Ǹɴ, ˵˱չ˼ͷ, 㲻᳤þš
ϧǼ߼, , ͨĴ/½Ҷ, ֮á

¹Ϫ˼ȥóöѶʯ, ǷΪʧȥЧáһԵ̬, ͷд˻š

µˣҪЩʱء
е䵭
ǸƼˣָ˼롣

ٹ¾ܻˡ
˻ǰ²ܻȥɣ

Ҳ㡣ʱزȥܻҪһҡ
¹Ϫԥ죬ڽ仰дȥ

дʱŻã˼λ, д֮ԼǸȤģм䶼һӲĸо

ǰ񴿵ܵܵʱ򣬷ûΡ
Խ⣬Իˡ

¹ϪڴϣµģûסϵͳͷԿϢ𣿡

ϵͳһȰͣ˽ṩϢܵġںɳǣνԵĴѶʯʵԼƵı¹̫ȫ㻳ɣֻԶ̶ŵĹܣȫλͨá

¹Ϫ
ϵͳ״ԣڨڨ¶һƪ𣿾˾ͱ˰ɣ

¹ϪƲ죬ߣǻÿ졣
ϵͳ˼Ϊƽ


ܿţֵһ֣͸Źɡ
¹Ϫһ䡰Ҫ𣿡뻹ա
Ҷݵ/½·;ңԶԵ۾Ϊǿ˺ѿռ䣬·һĲС

˶ˣźúϵºһ˻ʹͻĿռ䴫صҶ  ݡ
ˣоƾĵΪãպˣܳʱ

ϵͳĬỊ̸̆δҲ̫侲Щɣ
Ѱڣñ֮󲻸ǸɲһãǵԸԸĻϨˣȥҵȥˡ

¹ϪֳֵѧϰûһӣһֻӴ˼
ڵСǻڣŵĻôѶʯͺˣ򵥿ݡ

㿪ͷֻһͼƬ
¹Ϫۣ˵ʱסˡ

Ǹԡϴſɵԡۡ
ƤЩ죬Եɫãԡ

ڴϣī˳ɢͷϰڷһֻèޡ
½볨¶ɡµǣһ·£Ưڵԡ֡

ЦؿšͷķŨĽẹ̈ڴ档

һδԡ
¹ϪоԼʢò޵òˡ

ĬĬ˶
Ҫˡ

ûܱס񣬱òרעȫޡ
еʱʱʱȥһ

ֱ̾˭ܿסأ

ڶ磬ľ¹ϪһϧںܿСȥһˡ
ˣȻʮֵľ棬ǰȥԼ

ߵ·ּ
¹Ϫ

·͸ź棬ȵسųӫɫʲô
¹Ϫ֪飬һѽսûҵ㿪
Ĳɵؽ˾䣺Ѷط

ƶǶصͷۿɼغˡ
ԭΪ¹Ϫͻ֮ԵġҹʦУһԲ棬⵭Ȼ߲ʵģ

ɤᣬҲҲȴóˮ
صҩʦԶŹ⻷ҡ

һۣҹðˣѽ

¹ϪΪĳƺ΢΢һ㶣㣿
ظƵģ˸ҡҲʸ˼ֻʦƺΪСѣұΪǻͬԡ

¹Ϫǳɫ˷ۺ죬ɫֱŹɫȥˡ
벻ǰɣж
ôʼзˣרС̹

ƺΪϪͺá

¶ͽ
ͷá


֪ǷԵʣؽ쵽˵˾Ե  뿪ˣһȲ趼ûüϡ
¹ϪֻøԼ˱ˮˣó

۵һˮ˳


Ȫڣīʪ·ҲմȾ뵵ˮɵġ
ˮ߲ûī׵ƤγǿҵĶԱȣˮʣڰڡ

¹Ϫ˺ôһϽ
űյĴѶ

ε㣬Զ࿴һ~ 

¹ϪϿԼ弦ˣ

ǴСʹȻ
һˮС

¹Ϫ侲
///յģⲻʡ

ˮǿ侲󣬺Լ߳

ϵͳң
͸һӲеζ

¹ϪûֱͬѶô֪ҿˣ




60.   60    

ܿظҷ, ÿοҶ֪^_^

¹ϪƤ£ÿÿο

ҹ˶ٴΣ
Ǳ𣿣

¹ϪǸСЦͷƤֱ飬Իһ¾Ϳʼֽ
̬ȫˡ

ȴйҪ, ֻñƤԭ, ˮҪҪ, ǽ, С, 㲻ʲô

Ѷʯ֪𣿡
ϲ㿴~
´͵, ǵòҪ㿪ѽ~滹˸Сˡ

¹ϪԲһЩʲô
ܳ
Խ, Խͣ


üһ, Ƿ˳ˡ
¹Ϫƫע, 侲, ԽԽòԣȻԲٿ٣ϴںϿ, ʱδ̫Щ
ʵʶǸ˾, װԵС񡣰֮ǰ, ߣûͬк뿪ȻԹԵشȪûи
ⲻԸ

¹ϪֱԲϺţ
ףͬһȺ˵Ĵӵ뻨

¹Ϫϡ
ǣ˵ɫ˲٣¹ϪΪͰСѲض񡣡

صͷûн, ͹֮󣬱һԲشϷţ˳ȥ
¹ϪߵӰ֪أһ˸֤ķӡ



ΧڵǵĶ࣬׵ؽƿˮȥҼ۸ϲˣһʯҩݡ
ҰСѵԼ  ǣˮڷ֮һ֡ҩԡֹˮϴˢȻܵһ̶ȣѾȡ

¹Ϫͷ˷Ҳͬ׼֮ĥġ
׼Ŀ˻ҵķѾ׶ʧˣͬ¹ϪţͬͬʱʩųôһϢϢ

ʵһԣʲôҩʵĶһ˵ڣٻ֡ҩԡ֪ĵ
ֻҩ̫ٻһ˻Ӱ졣

¹Ϫƻ룬㳢޸ҩ̼ǿġҩԡǽȻ
˵ʥ֮Ƶĺϵļ룬ؽ̫ѡ

ѡʱųϢΪ׼ݵõĵһϢԷһٴνˡ
̹һֵĲͬɵͬһöĵ弶ʯҡƾЧԡ
һڹҩʦѾڿʼƾҲڲסشߴٰ׼ƴˮ档

ӣΪһͻƵ۾׼ˡ
ʱˣüޡ

Ѿ˶ģ͸¶Ϣ֡
¹ϪڶԺҽ°浤֮ǰͷųϢʵڶסȾȵҶˮЧá

ȻһҩʦˮŨȣе¶ڡ
˷©һﻹŴǰĴ΢Աȿ»ǻģֻ޿κεӦ֮ѡ

ˮĵиˣɵԶס˶׷󣬶ǶԣҲһ׮¡

ǰ˼ǵ̫٣ֻ뵽ˮܾ˵ģȴû뵽ڿˮ֮󣬷üĽߣ˸̰֮ġ 
͵֮ĸ

˾Ȼܹһȴδ»Ҫ󡢸صܸ˵ͷȡ
ֻڻʱ


Ͽָ꣬ŴҶһֿЦţѹִ˵޷ƣԭҷɽΨһζ
¹ϪֻЦҶһᶨʱ˸

һۣ̾˾䣺η㽫֮Ϸˡ
ԣֻɨһۣҩ  ȻġĻܣԼá

ϪСѾҺһ壬ǵǵѡʲôҪĵҩ֪һȡɡ
¹ϪȻмӦǡ

⼸ͷƮҡ¿æҲҵһʱա˵⣬޲ԳЦ£ⵤǰһջʮձǰ˷ˣȻأǹ
¹Ϫ̫ڽʣҲᰲοˣڨڨЦ£⸣

£ҼлҪҪҪ죬ŸϻȥͲˡֻǲ֪ǳػпĿռ䴫ҲýʡЩ
ҺھСϵǰ⹫ãΪ֪Сżұǰȥɡ

¹Ϫת£Ƿӣˡ·С¾Ͳ鷳ˣ򷢸Ӵǰȥá

ȷʵȺ֮˲ѲҲʧ¹ϪһƣûһյȲ裺ܣСѼЦ 
¹Ϫް

»Ը¹Ϫȥ򣬿ռ䴫󴦡
ֵһ죬ϪСǹͣĪٵˡ

Ǹ١ֱ̧֣ͷǡ
¹ϪͨĶ˾֪ô졣

Ӻܾ֮ǰǰģˡ
ϧǸľͷǰֱֱﵱͷȣŸոʶС˼

뵽Ǿ䡰󲻾Ļ¹Ϫһʶջ

Ѷʯһ¡
ûüĴţϢ㴫ˡ

ҵĿ쾵Ƚ࣬һ£ԿͷΣڽʱ򡣡
Ϊ/½ţһҲġʲôΣգҿԵһʱ֪ϵߡ
Ҫ̽Ѿˡ

Щˢúܿ졣
¹Ϫһ䣬Īָɻ±ץĸо·ܿʧȥ߹⣬СƤޱ۵ģ




61.   61    

¹Ϫû, Ȼòԣ¶ѵӦĵ
Цõػأһкôңץˣ˵ôѣ

һƪ,   Բ𣺡߽, 㶨Ȼÿ쾵ˡҲΥ˵Ļ, Ҳһðȥ/½, ֮жޱ, ʧȥϵꡣ
ֱ׳, СȰȵ, ʵڲж෴ʡģ

㷴ˣ¹Ϫš
ǻΪ۸ҡ

¹Ϫ
ֱ, , Ȼ˲׹ʲô˼

㲻ʵ, Ҳų²ߡ
ˣ㲻ˡ

¹Ϫֱ׸ŪЦ, 
ʣȻǸƻͬ, óû̽һ, Զǧ֮⣬᲻֪֮ĶԻ
ɶûػû˼صǰԴ·СȣȻĶˡô˵ã·ʲô˲õ£

Ȼе¶ⲨԤԤУ¹ϪٿԿɽͷǲ֪˶ٸ, ¶Ҫɾˡ

ˣģ㡣¶ûûôҡΪִˣܸб˽ͷ
鲻ԸҲ֪ˣټô¹Ϫ϶ǽȥʳǣΣô죿

ʦǰʲôΣգ»Ҷ˾˰ɡ
¹Ϫ̬ȼ㲻˵Ը֪ҵ

š

ܾĴǾǿӲ
뵽пܾɥʧķӦ̣ûסˣɿڵ֪ҵһ֣͡ԣһ

˺һŻһЦеСˡ
㡣

¹Ϫ
񣺡ھͽһòã

¹Ϫ

װ㣬ͻȻǶȻʶ޴ڵߣԼϣ·ͬͬţԿ

ѽ
һźСкЦӱһСŮԴȥ
һƼ~

¹Ϫ



·ϲͣذռ¹Ϫһ·ϼһ仰ûں˵
ȵ˿ռ䴫󸽽ͬ˾лл

ؿֹСʳڣԺ󻹻𣿡
¹Ϫ߽УͷĿĵأ˰ɣ֮ˣһӡ

ʱ䣬϶ܿ죬  ܵǶ˼ʯ
ĹâգɫĽ罫

¹ϪǰէֵĹâ֮Уʼģһ
СԺ֧ĵϵʴӱ伫С㱻뺫ϵ¡һ·˳˳ˮδʲôۣҲδõľ

µֻ꣬ƾʵĺøֱһȣ붼ûغҿȥѰ𣿡

ҳʦ뿪Ժȥ㡭ȥ忴ͣ𣿡
뽫仰˵̹ϣԽ棬Խ쵽η

¹Ϫ͸Ļ
ǰϲ˼ɾ꣬ɰܴҵӰӡ

ŽЩ
ܵǵܵܣ

ⷬȾ˳ģ
ǺϲױòĶѣǴǰйĸ顣

¹Ϫ̧֣⿪ΧԼϵɴ
¶ͬӡǡ
СҼλСǸ׸ס

شԭء
ۼĿĹ⻪֮еӰʧǰûгֹһ㡣


ʳǡ

¹Ϫô֮ͨʣѾύݵ֤
׼֪Ҫ˼λ·

λ׵Ĵ㵥ϥ¹壬¹ϪһĬˡ
νϥ񣬲͡ˡϣάλߵľͳΣ׼

ַŵȺ涼Ǹ˵ʿȻҲԸϡ
˼

¹Ϫһ˴ӵţǱ⣬ųҡС
ڹĽʯǰ¹ϪһɨܣɵüɨĹˣߵĹ˷׷ײĿķ

ԶԶģ
ۣһ˫˫ƵôҲһ¡

¹ϪȻԸɶ԰ĺӱ˹˵Ĵ
ô£ͷϴһ

ˡ





62.   62    

¹Ϫѭȥ, 
ĿװŮѪװĴӵ£Ψһɫѣһɢ֮, ˶Ŀһ¡

¹Ϫԭһ۶˵ӡ󲻴, 
ֱ, ɫÿİ׼, ĵȻһ

׼ǰܵ, λǻʦ, 塣

Чһ, ӵйʦ֮Ĵʿ, £ʮλ֮, ʮλʦ֮Ҳ, ȻϵģȴΪǻѪ, ġһ  

ʼΪ׼֮ʱ, Ѿ۷ľ硣
۾֮µһ, ʦӼҲҪ֡

ۺͥ⣬԰ѳų͢һȨʱпͻƵ۾֮ȫȻȡۺĵλ˳λ
ˣ׼̫ĳ̶ֳϺС

ǰʱջٴ˱չ, ƺҪݴͻƵ۾
ͻȻأɱ˰׼һֲǰ׼ѶҴҸ¹ϪҪλʦ·ߡ

ǹŴĲˣѶʽϢﲻʱ⡣
¹ϪζʱǾ仰΢΢ף񣺡ʦʦ𡣡

ɢЦ´һۣŲһ
ǰ츳׿о֮ܡֻǼɽˮԸˣӵҺϵ

¹Ϫ֪˵⻰ʲô˼ôʦ׽
ظһòʧε΢Ц

ֵҼ̱ҪչأԸһ𣿡
¹Ϫ۾΢Цı齩ϲ䣬ͷ۰׼Ǹ˼

¹Ϫ/½߰꣬߹ٺУ˸
֪˫ĳ̶ֳ˵һеĽݾʱȤпУҶˣ°빦

¶˫õĵ治ȫͬͽ洦
ϣЩĹŮѸٽҲĽס˵ˣǺĴȡ

¹Ϫող̤ʹһμ壬˽Ϊˡ
ǻĴУ˼ôҲͰˣ£ô˵ֱ˵

¶̫ΪԼˣ
Ԯؿ׼ʡԼȿ˵Ц

׼ɤӣʦͽѾеˡ
嵭һͬǷе²ɰɣӴ˫޶ѡ˵ûпߵβƽ⣬¹ϪǴ֮УһǱصĸ߸ϣҲ׮ԵʦѵͲ𣿡

ͷļҹﲻԸͬһ۷徳ǿ˫ޣ޲óڱȣ
¹ϪǸνСһƽƽĴ޽ɣ˵ģ  ȡĴڡͣижϲǡ

ܾʦΪ£ҲӦΪԼ롣οһʶ׬ɹ˵۾ܲĺô
֦ͷҲδ֪
ҵҪҲ򵥣ұչصİ;гʲôӣְֻҾɡ

Ѿи۾¹Ϫ
ôͨȴôš
˵Ϊˣһأֻпɣһھˡ

׼ǰͷɫѿȻǰֻ̡ǹʦͻúܣ֮棬Ǹѡ񣬶֪ͨġ
屧ֱЦ£ҿǸ޳⣬ļЩⱦͽѵóɽһΣİӢ󣬿ҾҲ˰ɣ˫Ӯ£ĵ㣬ǳˣʲôɱܻġ

׼һ䣺㡭
ûʲôɱܻġ¹Ϫڽع׼ĻͷЦ£ʦǾڳ˶ˣʱʦӡϾҲӦ롣

¹Ϫտڵʱ۵üһ͸һ˿⣬֮Ա·ʶʱֻһ䣬˿ЦǱؽӲϣǱ⧲һƹλز

ܱľͷ˰ŵĹ˺µĳ˲̶ͬȵҡΡ
ЩЩûס̧ͷ˹ЩŵøæԴ

ЩȺϸ΢ķӦ˦ôʦһơ

ɫۿɼسˣ˵㣬Ը⣿
¹Ϫ˵ǣѹϵѹʶ̧٣ƫš

ãȶҪάֲסˣõúܡ
׼㵹ǽ̳һĹĺͽֻ˼ᶨվͷûҲڴ㱦ͽ⣿ҲۺΪҪɽõŴôˣôıﾡá˵˼ɽǸĽҰ룬ڣ

ųߵˡңٻܴǸƽӹСӣˡ
屧ֱ׼ôˣʼջǳһףǣû㳤

˵꣬˦뿪  
ûͬǰǿƣô

׼γ֪˵
ۺٻԸһռ䣬ҲǱ˱߱߿˼

ֻҪˮڣȡ¹ϪۺҲ˷ĺ֮λ¹ϪôһûɶСطĹοѾԼ˸£֮ޣȥҲ
ˮСҩԡ׶˵Ϣһۺ̬Ȼͻˡ

׼½ǣ̾Ϣɡ


Ҵ˾ٿɸʦ鷳ˣ

Ӣڣ׼ˣټͥԺֻ֮ʣࡣ
¹Ϫӣ׼裬ǰ䵭ģѵЩ˳

׼뿪ɽһ֮á
ý˲ʦӻĺãûȻЩӦڱϱԸ񶼱

׼˿ͽ˫ַϵĲ裬еķЩ
ⲻҵ鷳ȻʵףΪĻ壬лλ̳ȨģвԸλֻûе۾ۺǿȨ˫ŽסˡҲŵۺȥˮĵڹ϶ҡȻΪƾӣ㵱ھܾ֮ʲô뿪

ҪĹͷˮҪһӶܳ
Ѱܸ֪Ĵڣжԡ֪ĿֻŸУ֪ԼõزأƴҪܸҩԼһϡԲҵΨһġҽ¹Ϫ

ԼġǷأֻһ˵Ļ
£ϰƿԼĵȨܵˣԷ׷뵽¹Ϫôӡ

ͬ䡱·ͬ壬ģͳΪǵġ


׼ֻ»ûе۾ȫڵȴƽбʱˡ֮öԣ˴ʱпԵֵһ

¹Ϫ۾֣Źһ˲ʵûлûµĵ۾ǶӰ첻ˡ
ʲô˼

¹Ϫǵ۾
׼

׼áǷˡһۡ
¹ϪģҲǲ֪ġˣôʱʳһ⣿

׼
ʦŴ½Ų㣬һһʱ䣬Щϸڻ  ǵıȽϺáҶ/½һʵ˵ȥ

׼
¹Ϫı飬Цֱģûƭ

¶ͻư׼ۣƤ֤ҿ

ǡйػ
ͣͥԺǰʦˣۺƵͷǵĲҰδ壬Ҫݱܿռ󡣡

׼üǵɱֲѾˣΪλҪرտռ󣿡
·¹ϪѾͬἰˡ

ãȻӦ֪
׼ֻ¡

¹ϪƲƲ죬Եƽʱɣۺصң
׼бۿƵᣬ·ģ㵱޾壿

¹ϪֱЦͼҵˣˣֶҲҪҵʲôأο˵Ķġ

¹Ϫջһԭߵĳ÷׼ƣ֤һ
份֮󣬿ռ䲨һ

һѩ׵Ӱֳ




63.   63    

չб, µͷڸɴصĽɫ
ѩµڣĨɫף׺һЦ, ִݡ

׼ƾ߽, ܵߴǹɺ嫡ŵĿռ֮, ɽ, ȵ˼޷
һ˲䵱汻סˡ
ֱ΢΢ͬй, Сϱһ¹Ϫ, ȥ֣Һ㰡~

׼
˾ϡ顣

ڳ, ¹Ϫϴ󲻺˼, ų, ôԵúܲׯ
Դ߽, û˼̫ԼĲ豭, ͼֳôͻȻˣ͵ˣ֪ۺɧ񵱲ֻһǧظġ

ί̧ͷ, ɻ󣺡ûҹع

¹Ϫ뵽ʲô, Ƥһ
ʶ쾵ԶӵĶȳƵ죬ͨռ䴫˲Ƶʱ򣬻ᱻȻжϵġ
ûУ

ԣڿռ䴫Ƕ˵Ļˣ

ûţععأϽˡ
ߺĶЦӦ

׼Լ֮ദĸоЩ, ˵ĸо
ֿ˰꣬һȴøˣԽߣܲɷ

ϸ࿴˼񣬴˽֮ôûܴҵڵ۾ǿ  ѹƤ£㵱ǵ۾ʮ겻

ʦǡ
Ծڴˣû½͡

׼Ӧ£һʦ𺰵Ŀڷš
޺˼䣬û˵

¹ϪЦŽͣ⣬ǺЩϵ
׼ģ֮ʲôΪܵ˾޴ĳͷеûʵҲǸ֪ģ

񲻰ֹ¹Ϫ½ǵֶֻ˶٣ԭҡŵĺ޲ԭؿ˲ʵͼСڸС
¹Ϫ˵ǣҲҪʦʵǰǰ֪ϸڣû

׼ͷʲô
ʱ㱨ɽľʱ˵λӵ£һ죬ǰ¹ϪǺ˼ܳġ

ʱΪˣ¹Ϫ/½ΣգҴͬƢ
Ϊ

׼֮ǰһ
Ȼ˼Ҿñطֺ꣬òعںãԼİۡ

Ҫʱȥϵľ޴󷴲Ҳˣ񲻴еԵɡӽɽ𣬴ʼգŵֻ¹Ϫһˡ

ǰ׼ľһܳȻСްûˣлû˵ұڵطȺú̸̸ɡ

κεıھԵʵǰֵһᡣ
ڣ׼һŶ衣˼תپͻƣ

߳Ժ䣬
ǽ̴ӣ˵ǱʦʵԺΧóͰһݻΡ

׼ϲڻң˸֮ɽͷõȴķơ
һȥ֮ʱ⣬ܸĻرѾˡ󣬻һա



׼Ժ伫ڻĵλԺա
ֻԺΪ۵ģ׼⼸ûĸǰźģһǸĶĿ

¹Ϫʱ˸ǰ¶棬ʡôݾߣûҽ䱸ϢΣ˴ȥ˿ͷá
ֳŷԸԺõĹСˣ˵Ҫ޲ϲţ˶뿪

ۺҪľڴˣһġҽƽնЩʲôһССϡ

¹Ϫ֧ͷߣһƣпտա
߶һۣͨԺ¶  Ȫصſţ뵵ˮҪ˷

Լˮ졣

¹Ϫֶһߵ·ʰã

У
ôϹ·;Ͽɱϴںϳ屶ֹ˳˲ƣ˵ĸȻۺˡԶûüʡЩʲôͽ˰õúϢϢʲô¶˵ 

ã
¹ϪŴҴƳһۣҡεȪ֮˷ҷʻꡣ
ͷеϴ𻨰ԡ


ٽգڵ
¹ϪڣʶĽ͸Ŵؽˡ

ɽԣǰװЩಡҲƭϧİɣ
ĵʵ⣬Ȼµҹһ֣

¹ϪѾ֪ʱˣЦá
С׻õȡõ۾װಡҹҪ˯¶˵ȥ˭أ


¹Ϫͷڸп۾ݼҲӰۼģͷϴð׾ˮС׻˳ԡ
һԣϹɢԡۣߴıѣ

Ƶʣ㲻㣿ϲ𣿡
㡣¹ϪûֻһϢд棬ֵȵţ㲻ôӡ

֣ôƵءĴ˵ۣ㣬Һ㣬춼㡭
·֤ԼĻƵģһ

¹Ϫһǵͨ죺㡭
һμӦļ򣺡ǲǷˡ

ǿӲĻõȴ

ɫߺ죬Լʪ
һѹסϵӡǡ

ߺСǷ




64.   64    

ñʤ», ¹Ϫһˢ¶˳̶ȵ֪
ף£˳ġܵܡ࣬Ӧ, î˾ҪֲǰĹʧ, ࡣ

¹ϪδܳԺһ
żѱû, ˡơ, Ժûʦˡ

ȻĹ̫, ˭Ҳסջ


, ͸, Ʊ֮ϡ
Ͼһ˿, ¹Ϫ, Ļûж, һûһذ޳ָ

  ָƱӡǲӰӣ¹ϪǵӰ, ů֮Уᵽһ˿ԵҸ㡣

Ƴ䶨, Ƽվ˹鴦

ûô, ֱ治˿ĳӯ֮дӺζ
ֻ׵һ̣ȻϡʶԺºٺֿˡ

ǹĻûʧ
¹ϪתӣĿǶȻĴ󳹴ᵽһľ

ѹһе¹Ϫͷ°͡
˯š˯ߵ⼸, пĵ£΢΢ţ˳ŹԵҪ

¹ϪĶҪˡ
þòרעؿδǳ˵꣬ȥһġ

б䣬ǡߣۼŴƣҪա
¹ϪǴĿᾪС֧Ҫ´ȥϡ

Ųأ˱㱻סˡ
ΰѣͷļϣίȥĶ

¹Ϫ
ղǷ׵ģûѡصССĵһˡ

¹Ϫɤ᣺Ūˣ
ҡͷذۣһ˯šǵزգС󣬡ҪûµĻһòã

¹Ϫ죬ϵţˡ
ֽ̧紵ϣǿסĹƣɻȥ


㰲ˣͷ°ͣ˯
¹ϪźЦ

鸮Ȼ֪ɽʳôԶ˲ƣҲֳġ
ټϼڻ˰˼޴ĥһûûҹԵزֱҹЪ£Ҳۻˡ

С˳ëһ㣬ḧı˯ɣء


Ȼ㰲һûǰ˳˯ؾ
Ҳδ¹Ϫȴ֪ˣĶһ٣

һ٣֪Լװ¶¶ˡ
Сôң˯š

ѧȷˡ
¹ϪЦ˵˿ɻУҪֲá㵽˯˯ˣ 

ͷǣ̣һ׷ڵģû֨

Ҳ֪ǷΪ  ⼸꽻ڣ¹Ϫת˸䣬Ȼܿ׹ֵһˡ

ǰɲһ᲻۾¶
ȻƵһˣǻȻҪġҪر⣬ֲҪ뿪װزȴû屳־

¹Ϫ룬̽ʵ۾쾵£ǲͬ˵𣿡
ҡͷһƵҲǸˣ㻹ϲ𣿡

¹ϪĬһ¡
ǶγĬȴ·һ㣬৵̧ͷۿ죬ҿԸģҸĺòãԺҲɻˡ

ϵͳ
գȫѹӵľϲӦ

¹ϪӦָذظգҲͬ˵ٻʵ˵ԭǻеܲˡ

һͣԭ޵Ĵɫ˲԰


ߵˣһҹ֮С˶ǣȴж³ɳŮ۵սһӺ󱳷ĲС

ݼ̫ã׵Ūġ
¹ϪǰΪԼȴ뱻һεǣš˾㵵ľ޴ת֮£һ⣬ȫʬ

꣬뿪ˡ
þֶΣõĲһĿĻṇ̀һ⣬Ӳɹ˺

˲ǵ³ֶΣֶΣ
ϲҲˡ
ȻָﲻŹ˴ˣͺùأ



Ȼ˵Ժ󲻻ٷұ㡣ǰǴǰһġ¹Ϫ챿ʧģĿǱץвѣοĻȴûǽͬ䣬Ͳٷֿ㡢ѹ

ûǾ仰
˶Σϵӡǡӡֲ̿͵

ãſڵʵǰҲ޷ⱻѾ֪˰ɣ

¹Ϫ΢΢һݣǰ׷鵽ʵ
ԵɽĹϣɽŷɥһ϶塣¹Ϫ֪ζֲν˻Īᶼᣬ˸Ͼɱ·Ѿûʷ֮С





65.   65    

Եɽ֮䡰޻ꡱط

˵, һ  ֮ڣҲһõĹ⡣

֮£˲ơ
д, , ȴ֮ǰ, ˷ϵϵѪĻ֮, ԴҾй¶Ŀܡ

ȻԵɽĹϲû˷Ϊ߼, ʱڵλѷ, ֧λ޻, ֱ׺, й¶޻֮¡

޻֮Բ, ϱԲȥ, Ҳһǡסɡ

Υ˶ӲȥġϲĹɡ
̫Ϊη壬аħĹ, һͳ˺ħͷ

ĸױҲһҵĴһ޿ɢɣĴ֮, ڼġˡǿԼĺӡ

Ȼǧշ, һʧ
ʱǱˡĺ֮һץߣ

νġӣ޹

ĸʧȥ˺ӵǣƣ豨㽫˺۵˻ȥ
Իǿһ棬ޡһŻ, ӴԺٲ

վڵµƸߵ㣬ԵؽƲˣҪĸݺѪ̣Ϣˡ

ĸȻϣŭնɱϼ㱻һˮ˵ͼٹޣ롰һսϡ

ĸ¡񡱣ŭڷ
նĸˣһ

ĸ֮£֪ôһ죬ǰ¹Ϫʦڵס˹ȥͬھӡ

鳣ɽλս컨壬û˸ȴʵǸˡ
ĸܹĶݣӣֻǰ

ûֱţ𱨣ֻ֪и˶ٵͽ¹ϪԼȥ飬ܷһԵ֣ΪԼһ

ϲĸ󣬵¹Ϫıӻһλ㰲ȵͯꡣ



¹Ϫһֱϣ̹ɷϣֲҪǮƵظĵرǸλΪصģɸϣͻԪӤġԪӤҲһš

ûȴ޻ꡣöԭòŵġԪӤڹؼʱͻƣһ  δɢ

ʱѾˡ



ʼ񲢲֪Լ磬ΪĵطԶ˼һƬɭֵıԵ֮ͬһģһûκζļ䣬ҲǼ򵥴Ƶ飬κ

ȻҲԸǸ롣

һȥ¹ϪҪԼϢ֪
ֱԵԵɺϵһƬ

һſŻҺƤģòĹӰϵɫȻ߼ʯ޶޺Ҽױա

һ·˳γɫĹڼֵʯܺ͡
ûֻͣµص㣬ժеĹӣͣ뿪ˡ

ʲô̰ֻصߡ

ԽɽӴ֣˼ڵĳǳء

ΡĹųǳ¾룬ǵʿִسš
˳ۣҲһִƼӰӡ

Ȼشԭء

һ磬
Ҳˡ



һ
Եʱ򣬲Ļ鷴һʽĥ

ڵǸλ棬˽֪аɶʱ˵Ϊþ޴ɷħ
类۾ֹȥųɣ˼ƫԶ֮ϲд˼꣬δܱɨɾ

һ·δ쳣֮ûǸη֮ˣֻع鱾λ棬ĴѰռصĻԵ
мУݽ֮ʱȡʯáһʣ̫Ϣʱ䡣

ȾǷǣմ쳾Ѱ˰ꡣ
ȻˮеŬһա

ãһرĥ˾

˵ļһͻƣû˿֮ֻʣʬ⡣

ڴʱһεõ˿쾵

һη
Ǳǣһɱ˶ᱦĻս

˿䵥ûأԴüҡ˭̵ְ֪쾵С

õ쾵ֻʳ˵һ⡣

ҵ¹Ϫ

쾵һɵ۾ӵпɴԽλ

쾵ٷ֮٣Ѱλλ棬ҵ֮ˡ

վȻսƽȵĺˡ
ļ޲·ȥʲôһһεѡ
͸Ѫɫƫִ

ԣθ쾵ܣ






66.   66    

쾵, Ϊƫ  ĴԵߡ
ǡ쾵һ֪ǶǼǰһЩѵԤϣ, λ档
ȻĳִһС
Ե߱һһ׼ѻ, ɱûߵ쵼, ǻ޷𶥵֮Ѱ·, λնֻʣ˱ٵĽ֡
ƻƽ, ӻֱӵմȾ̫
ǡޡ, ѳϲ, Ϊ޿κεĴ, Ҳѹϵͳ־ų

¹Ϫ, 쾵Ѷ
֮λ, ΪλȾ֮, ʻС쾵Ĳ
ⱾǸѭֹ

ֻ, ǰˡ
óԸ, ֹħΪֿ־˷ǣ֮ң˲צ˳󣬰޹ܺߣαװΪ˴ǰǸ޺Сɽ
һж˵ͨˡ


˳׵̹ףСĵɫ
ĳ䣬̲סηش, Ŵȴо

ã¹Ϫ̾˿
һ·й˵صףĳء

ۿ죬Ҫסġ
֮ʱȻӵһůĻ

סˣ㣿
ӿϿϲ㲻ң

ʲôʸ㡣¹Ϫ۵ػı·ֻĥЩĵһʹУ˶Թ㣬ΨҲԡ

֮ˣΨûи

۸˵Ե۷Ŵ˵
ЩλԵ˻һѰˣȻȥ£˿쾵뿪λ档

׿ǡɱ˶ᱦ
¹ϪȻϲҲûرѽһ㡣Ϊ֪ûп쾵ʧȥջߵһ˭Ҳ֪

ƶգǿʳ֮ڷ
ԲԹ޳ɲĿħ

ȡᡣ

ֶƫִ·ȴվϣûܶĺڰ֮С
¹ϪԤڣ֪ʵѾҡ

֪򲻰ţḧĺ󾱣ҵˡôˡ
λ棬ŲͨʱԽôλ棬  ߡ
¹ϪǸ˳Сɽ񣬲죬ȴôôá

һᡣ

¹Ϫ۽⣬ƳĽƺԼմȾЩʪ⡣
ĵһҪͷȴ˫ֻǿӲӵˡ

ƲĲ䣬
Ĭӵǧ޷˵

¹ϪĿڷۣǣ֣صŵԺȥĶҶġ
ٲ֮С 

šɤ΢΢ɳƣ
ƺһ˿ƼյĻϲ˵㻰



¹Ϫ֮
ԼԽ֮ϵͳҳŮݶλ

ǡ
˾棬ˣȽ͵ǰͼֹһĶ񻯡

ϵͳųɾһͷġ
ڼϵͳȻǰƳͽ⣬ȴְظһ쾵ĸƤôɣеӲţ

ϵͳЩûܱס
ƫҲû˭ˣĶҪ˵ɻġ

Ҳع˵⻰ҡϵͳĸ󻼣ϼѣ˵Ͽҵͬ͵ֻͷµģȨޣʼ֪֮ĹϵȻҲǰ˵Ļ
ڸ쾵¶ףȷûк󻼡ûһ㻳ɣȻҲ裬һպʲô¶㲻֪£ɱô죿ֲ⿪㣬ΨһܿסжˣҲðһķա̯ƣֻҪȷΣԣģΪ

ȫûˣò׸סôܻᷴȥŭ
¹Ϫ´˵Ĺϵ¿ŶѾˡ

ϵͳҪ
Ҫôһ񹫿ĴڡѾȫ֪¹ϪҲ㽫ϵͳϾǰƣ¹Ϫûвɡ
Ҵţ»бʲôʡ

ϵͳֱҪˣѧ̲ǿQAQаɱҵѽ㲻֪ʲôӣأҺ¡
¹Ϫһ

ֻ¹Ϫһ˲Ӭ  ģʸǺˡֻ֪ͨ㣬ûͬ
ϵͳ裬ͬ˲ͬ𣿴ǲ̫˵㣿

һ٣㻹ܱɱ
ϵͳ
Ķһ¡

¹ϪЦҪôҽ󶨡
ɲʱʱ̱̿ţһˣȥо̤ʵ

ϵͳңܲٿһ¡
¹Ϫ㿴ڻȱ𣿡

ϵͳ
޷




67.   67    


Է
һݵ΢΢, ˫һƿģЩη壬죬ֹ

ָסƿ, ϸһ, ЦϢ, ʲô

߷ȥۺ, ʮ֮Ϊϡ, ǵҪǳ˲, Ȼᷴ˶Ȩİ
ûʱˡۺ޵ɫ֮Ե, ƿ, ٵȥҲ, ֻһη̵Ļˡ

Ⱦźɫޢָƿƿ, 
ƿбɫҺк, Һɫ֮ϡ
ճҺմƤڻͬʱ, Ǳһ, ֮СδȻʧ

֮˷磬
ӰҡҷǻŤӰۿɼشθߣǳ



ˣ
ڵŸĶ㣬ԶʼԷķ

ɽ֮Уʮ䡢ֻܽ۵Ĵڡ߶ʮ, ߳һء
ˣơ

񼤶ȭǴٴνĸͻƵ۾ָտɴˣ
ۺһҩʦǷ׷ϲظͣϲۺ󣬹ϲ¡

׼ǸߣԶɽ֣ĮȻԼǡ
ۼθߣƤͻȻܿصһ¡

֮ϣ֮죬
֮µĸϵָ쵽˺δ

һ뷨ͷΣȻһ¡
ŵضɽҡֵļ

׼ססΣ
ڸߴҰԷɽѿһڣгӿԵص

˺󣬲ˡ֡
Ƭֶǳ¶磬ʼ賤

زؾң
̶̼Ϣʱ֮ڣ  ƽӷʼƬƬص

׼￩һǳȪ
ǣˣ



ۡ
¹ϪȻͷɢңããȻʣʲôˣ

ųʶ֪һ򴽣ûʲô¡
һֹ¹Ϫɤƽһ˿ɢ˯ɣϢʲô˵

¹Ϫձѣﻹκţ棿
˳˳ͷָĶЦѡ

㿴ⲻͣ𣿡



ȻܿƽϢˣҲ
¹Ϫպ͹ȥϵͳ˰󶨣ƤҪ

ţҲ£ܿξ
ֱ˯ֳۣһʶص͡

һŵԴȵ̫һռȥĽ绤ͷ
⣬ѹ֮ڣȫ̸ڵһַ̰Ѫȵ죬ӿţҪϿһڡ

̧䣬ӫ׵ɢ֮С
һǰһ̻Ѹήңգ֮ݰܸࡣǻҰܸġ֢ᴫȾϢ˳ӵصѸӿ



ʳǵضǧѵһƽʧء
ȻûŭǣԷ֣һҹ֮䣬ݰܾ

¹Ϫ峿ǰʹʹ߿ϢΪ𾪡
ߺĸͬǰ

Ƴ˴ҩʹҹͻȻǣӶضҹסƽϢض֮ǹʼʩٴδһݣٵƬ֡ͣԴǱʳλڻʳǵֱ͹Σգôڵġ

һ˵ţ۵ģһίģ
¹Ϫ·ܿβͣҡҡȥ

Цţͷ£ĳú~
շ죬ˡ

ۺͷ˻ȥһ˻ʹҹôı䶯ؽ֮в̫ƽݻûй·ǰ¶棬ԺŰɡ˲ƹģûĴڡ¹ϪŵƲűóóȻȴáʲô  £ұÿ쾵㡭

񲻿ϣб䶯Զ˻֮һλ۾ҲЩǱصֶԸ۾

¹Ϫԥˡ
һᣬûóһֻѩСģһӣ˵

¹Ϫæס

У£غë׵ָжȫȫһֻС꣬Ʋһ˿Ѱ۷
㡭ôģ

С걻غߺţؿڣǻޣı߻һǺס

¹Ϫ
ĶһεĴڣѰ˴ûӴҲ޴ԭˡ

ûнƿҡβۡ
Լ˽ȥֻ¶һ˫Ưĺ۰Ͱ̧ͷĵͬһͬȥˣ

¹Ϫ˵ʲô
ðɡ



˰׼й
¹Ϫ·ʹһ·׸֪ǽ֮ڣѹڳĬ֮УɽķΧ

չչһǽȻͷ˺
¹ϪŲԶ٣һӹ̣ѪģˣҴӭ澭

δţ˶ҩʦݡ
Ϊ׵Ǹݵˣ˫նشԴһ㱻ֱקţͷβһԡ

һЩ˼ҵţҵĴҩû⣬ۺ󣬵ۺ󣡣

·ʹ߼¹ϪŲˣߴߡ
¹ϪջĿ⣬ͷá



֮ϡ
һã˶ɱ

¹ϪȻΪֳΪεۺϯ֮󣬵͵ߵ׼ߣʦ𣬾СڸС

ҹ·֮ʱ׼ߣһҹδߡ
Ƴһֻ峺С꣬ȻЩ

¹ϪһãȻͬ־٣ʧأۺλϯҩʦȥ岢ϷŹۺεʧҪ˴εֻۺʩѹλǽ뵳̬ˡ

¹Ϫĵѹһ׼ߣϵĵۺԶԶһۣͷ
ʶ֮䣬ͱ˻ӪˣȻǸεϡ

վԭûҸ˵ߵ񷿵˴Ƭƽ˲أҵϵ֮  һ䣬ȫ⡣Ŷʦڡ
֮ͬߵ¡

׼˿ؿڵ֮ڣۺ໥ǣѾãͷиһšìѾɵ⡣˵۽Ҳ޺סˣһͳ֮ʰ̯֮ӣڳ˵Ρ

ռϷ磬ۺӮҡȻҪһЩýеۺɵţųɨء

¹Ϫͷں֮أѾӸԴˣ޿ɾȡ
Ҫⳡ־绹еĵز



֮ʷòɿ໥жΣ˦
ۺڴ֮価һƿصĴģĵĽʵ˭ָǶ֮ϣĿ֨֨졣

ߵĹƳˣֽͷ͵ø͡
ˣۺֹҵʦҲˣȺݰܴ˵ȵĴ£ȴٳٲ¶棬ΪǣⰡ




68.  68    

ۺһ, ˲䰲

ƤӼܻʲô壬סˣ߳
ۺҲǷҪڹ岻ţֿԡ˶, ¿, ҪŪȺݰܵԵ, ԼؽȺ, Ⱥ˳ô, ᵽ֣

˻ش

ǿе׼ʦ

׼ͷ, ҹض, , Դ֮йءΪλȪп𡭡˶ٵ, ΪǴ֮а, 뱾Դ֮࿹ɡ

¹Ϫüһʦ۾˵ϹĹʮ
β, ڵۺ֮£ͷṩһ˼·ؼд˽, Ϊа, ˾ѡ

֮˽ԳĬˡ
ֻ̰ǴϹܿı׶ˣֻǲԸȥˡ
׼ôһ㣬ֵͷȵĴ

ô޸ݵĲ룬ǽвһȺװ˯˵ġ
ۺ󵭵࿹ʳԷҲᰲȻʮ֮ãӳ֡

Ϊ׼ʦԲ޵ðͷ, µĴԷ֮ϣΪ˹ܷգʺֲҪٽȺ  Ϊȥɽúá

ɽıչ֮
Ǳȴʳ֮⣬Ϊḻ֮ء

ɫֱ䣬֮رԶأ
ڻʳ֮ڵرѾ˷档Ϊʦ֮Уһѷû𣿡

ǹ磡
ǵ̫˰ա
ۺ첱Ӵ֣ͥ

סڣ
ͱˣɱеۺòᣬһʵѵռȺ

صۺ󣬹ʦֻҪΪǰˡʡصޣٳ֮ңһգѰԵɡ

⻰ֱָŵۺı澡ʧҲع˼ɱˣҧźЦôĵҽа壿

ʩʩȻһЦ
Ȼһ׹է֡

ŨĻƲ֪ʱס⣬ڵĹҲ˱Ϊ
һȻ֮ʱȻ硣

ǡŹվſڣ
׹ӳ֮£ȻЦݴֵζ

ܿ˷Ӧˣȱܵͷ
ƣǵ۾ƣ  
ɽˣҪɽˣ
ѵʦǻʳҪڶλ۾𣿡

׹ƣֱ飬˷ĵĿֻ

ͻ
˻ϲǣ࣬һƬ֮С

ۺ׹֣֮԰ֽ
¹Ϫ˿ָСĶ䣬ʣɽٳɹˣܴù𣿡
һԱм
¹ϪЦˣ޵Сɽ



۾ͳǾԵģлѪ֮гɹνġ

ڻʳ֮ϵƳΪ֮˵ľ꣬
ǹطݣ૵Ը

׺Ȼ׹䣬
Ŀ֮£ػ̨ϡ

ҫ۵׹˸˾
һʢıݣһĿķʽӭ۷Ȩı

ۺ󿴼׹֮еɫƽȣһݲȣģ֪ȥ
ʧȺʧȥһλ񣬳ɤӣ˿غùţʦӭӡδ۾



۾׹оžŰʮһ
ǰʮоգֳɽٵľ̽·лԴԮһ·  ûжġ
ֱȵʮһ׽֮ͻȻ˲ӡ

˭ƲĿٿȻðһľ̡
ѿһ㣬ָֻ׸һĴСȴȻһ亹

״壬ÿԵӵһǣȻף
ǱֻȵؼʱͻȻðͷ

弸ûж룬һȣ׽ȾѪ죺ٽ¹Ϫ
˿̷ҺѾˣΨһֻܾ


¹ϪĽ
Եһʱ䷴Ӧץס¹Ϫĸ첲ȥ̨

׼ȴְס¹Ϫһֻ򣬻ۺ
ֻģۺǵ۾ɽٵơȥɣ

ۺ߾֮ԹۣһͿأԹ˲Ͼαס
׼ûֺܿطſˡ

˵һ䣬ԭΪˡȡ¹ϪΪˡȡۺ
һػ֮˵˼պҲΪ顣

ϧαʴȿͣŴָ©ȥȨһˡ
װװ¶ıԡ


׼ɿ֡
ҵʱ¹Ϫĸ첲̨նȥ

û˿ŵ˼ü۵Įһ˿Ԥ롣
أڿɢ¹һ֮²֮ᣬأ㾻֮ܣڴ˿̷õġ

üһ
¹ϪЦЦԼ̲ˡ

ͬѰķӦһ£òάסǿȻ۾ԳɾʹҵȻǧŵĹα̰һ

۾۾ģ˰ɡ
¹Ϫͬ˴ˮ̣ɴ̧һƣ
ʼδֱõͷ

Ⱥɧƺûϵ˹ͷȻ˾ܾͶδĵ۾ҪһҲùˣ
廤ʮʿᵶʣֱָ¹Ϫ

¹Ϫվ֮⣬ƾգԶ̨ϵ塣
û˿߽ݾϵ۾֮λֻһɢ޿ơѾƼĿȷʦЩȦһ㣬Ѫɻ֦ձڻԷ֮ڣܶʼ

˻Ľʿû  Ų
ԶԶΧɽٵ֮˷׷׽תƵĿڡ

岻۾֮λˣԼᶨȻûбҡֺ
ɭȻؿƤӶ˶Իڣ

Ȼһٽ
׳ĵ׵ײ̨֮ϣըһ㣬צسϸСĴ롣Χ֮㣬Ҫ¹Ϫգȴһֻë׵צƮƮظˡ

ΪǶ̫΢δܲ


һ׹֮
Զ緽ŵ棬ԡѪ˵˫Ŀ죬һ糤ľ֦ؿ

˻
ڳ֮˽Ǽ˵ģƳ˾׷׵֦ˡ족ף

ǵ۾Ȼһ·
֮ŵɫףѾ֮ã



¹Ϫˣ
岻ϽܹܴɵĽ۾Ҳض¹ϪѪܵݣ޶˯}ˣҾ

ûܡ
һ˿ϲֻҪϳְңұػٻ󣡡

ʦɵİɡ¹Ϫȥһһ죬ζ󻹻ƾͻƳɵ۾ʱѾ˵۾㣬ս۷λãȻɱңΪá

˻һ˶Ӧˡ
˷ƿ֮ǸҪգð֮Ụ¹Ϫƿ֮С

˼ҵĻ˵װˣֻ۾ɽľ򣬵ڻʣһǾ·һ
ܴ۾

֮˷ˣ
ʮʣˣҲס˷Χ

ƻң
¹ϪģΪеǸˣԹҹǱͷԵķģ

ҪһӣصĴۣЩ˿ʹĹҲһ̰ۡĺ֮ҲŻƽϢ



׹ɢңһһֳ
֧ţһ۶ؿڵ֦⣬ȴľ֦Ѹٵһᴩ

۰ջΪѪһ̣޶¹Ϫϡ

̨һλ۾Ƶķһɳ׵ܣɿƽױⲨ޹
ڵʮŵ׹֮ǰȻ̨ʧˡ  

ͬʱΧ¹Ϫ߲Զҹ嶼оһͷֺкĺ⡣

¹Ϫͷ˼Σľ̵塣
Ƥѣ·ڱʲôڶʳһ㣬Ҫٴ

񼶵߻η;ĩ·壬ȴͷĽס
ͬھ˼˸ҵ

׾ǱȾ֮󣬷ĺ⣺Ȼ㲻Ͼңһɣ

¹ϪƽĴӷңһ֮²֮ᣬأ

轵׹û塣
¹ϪУͻȻֵѩһֻ׾ƣ׾ٵס޼᲻ݡ궯Ľףסһ޻

һ󣬱ɢˡ

ҷֻһӨ̡ȻĻ֦ƶˡ
ĺȣ̨ʵѪۡ

ȻǲҪ



ãĻʳۣ֮һļž
ڳ֮˶òɽµ۾׵ľٶɴ˫ԭ

¹ϪûǾֵⶨϡ
һϷ꣬ܵ˳⡣Ǹһҡ£ɲҪڶΣһλ

ʦ³λҲƼˣҷȰλǲҪŽҵʡõòʧ

̰֮費˶¡
֪̰֮ǲɵõģҪùֶǿӲѹһЩĿͽ濴øôҲɱġ

һλ׷ͯյĻǰǸݼߵģ۾ȴǹͬ˹˹֣ǽ֪Сѷԣ԰æһʱǷأҵȡ

¹ϪüҩþȵþȣȴзöҩͷҪ˲ϾԸģԸϧţָűҪǿ

߱ҭ˵
֮˿ʼԼ궯ԾԾԣҪ˵¹Ϫ¡

ǴǰҲ֪ء
԰Ҳܺߡ

ȻĿס¹Ϫ֡
𣿡

ٵ΢붯ڳ֮ȴˣһ

¹Ϫе㷳ˡ
ǶĵˣҲȥı˵£ȺȨҪλ޴ϣҲһ١

֣
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