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ջǸҵˡ
δ¾ͱҽԺſڣ籦ӢţΪ˱סĳﻧڣʹ帧
ϧСĬ˳ӲһΪĺԵĽϳ˼ţһеջֻܸ̻صƫԶɽϼҡ
ջƫƫǸ˵ˣΪͻȻõһġָԴ˿һӳԴǡ

ĶʾŮţҲûʲôݺĺĴ־ֻһˡˣ¾á

ݱǩ ռ  ʳ 
ؼ֣ǣջ  ǣ  
һ仰飺Ҹӽָʼ
⣺ĵ·ǧһܹͨҸı˰

1.  ݶ   ջɵģƯŴӸ֡

ջɵģƯŴӸ̴ֳðļźڻҵỤ̃ƶǺǡ
ΪشŽʮһ£ȴѾˣձ붬ʱ磬¶ҲȣίʵЩ䡣
˽ʵʵϵڡҡֱոƵɫ㹻Ǽˡ
ջʶ£ڣҪֹ˳Ų꣬ϧһúһ˫ѶľǼ򵥵£ĶҲЩѡ
ֻһĻҹӣͷһë£ʵﵹǻһްýǰ˲Ҫģ鲼޻ƴһƴôҲԸꡣ
ֻڲʮһ£ھͰΨһĶϣԺӿô
ߣܿͻ磬εķصʮа˾ŻǱȱӸĵطʱֻԽԽ䣬ڻܶ˵Ӧʱһްýڣ
ջŽӲĺ˿ַ˴꣬Ȼ˫󱳵ú档
˵˵ֻаɢúΪں󱳱һΨһеȺĵطˡ
һ·ֹֽŶýֱǰ˸ֳ¥
Ըúң⼸깤ҵչѸ٣ջմǱӸֳƽ¯ĳһ¯ǰռҾסһƬĸֳ
Ƭֳ󲿷ƽֻһСƬ¥
ߵС¥˵ǽ¥̨մȾ˲̻ûͻͻȴǸֳģûڵĵطѰ˸ס
£մǰֵܷһͲ¥Ľ˼ö˼ҡ
ţּúȥˣ
¥ӭһŲӵ긾ŮΧʵʵԶջ첽߹
⺢ӣôզô٣ٲãҲҪװ
һһףôɱ
ۼŮæĵľҪקߣջæסˣʵҲûô䡭
ջ¶ͬɫ촽͵͵ýûˡ
ֻһ仰ĽŲסˣü˳¥Ͽһۣ޷ûôĵѾͷе裬ɶɶȱôͰãǰ۸ɥģ
ݺ˼䣬ȴײȥȡ׵¡
ˣֻʹ˼֣תͷһջ԰׵ֱ̾⺢ӳúÿֶ£զƫƫ
ʵϧǧǵǺĸεĹˣٹãţ
ջ΢ЦӦˣȴûô
£һҲǺõģο⼸ûٰܸλĵھ鷳
û˵仰͸ȥˡ
ֻջҪ¥Ȼֽס첽߻СҳʱǸˣ㵽ʱСЩǵ㣡
ջһֵл¥ǰվһСŶ¥
մ¥ͷõصĻСɽټǶ㣬һͲ¥ռҵƽ׾ͱȱ˼֣¥ĵض
ɲô˵Ͳ¥һסϵģմֵܷӣջǰһλѡ
λǸֳƵС쵼Ǹջһֱˣֻ򵱳־ǿӢţ֪ԼλǰΨһŮ䱦ߵĲڸֳҵҵʮ꣬ΨһһΡšΪջմһңհȡͲ¥
ڣջĻڡѧһӦҲλ
ֻϧ˲λǰΰڣûþͲˣջҲǸʱټĳԮ
ջװ£µĲҲó飬ֻôĥ䣬ϸ¥Ҳϲ˶೤ʱ䡣
ʶŲߵ¥ͷȻһָŷﴫλЩ
ôôͿɶȥ磿籾£˵ˣҪǼմúģҪӲļؼңռҾһѾͷҲ̯£
ѾͷӶ࣬һ㣬ϵҪްе㣡ұãȻܿ㣬ҵģϽǸµдţߣֻҪˣҾһӣȥ磬˭Ҳ˵ɶ
ջһס½һǣȴ֪˵˾ʲôǵǱԽ𾢶
ɶ̵ģ㵱Ǹȹ۴ѾͷôҲԵˣ
Ҫףƽ¯丱εֶңҪ޹ȥƾи丱ε壬Ժɶô̲ţйϵû
զҲû뵽ԭǾȻȿǸӲģɶѾͷ椺ã˵ôõ¾Ӧ椵ģƾɶҪԣҵģϽѾͷŪߣ˵ɶҲҪ椰
椲ģؼʱɲܷͿ
ƾĬһ˲һǾ͡Ǿİɡ





2.     仰Ȼ˱ģٿ

仰Ȼ˱ģٿʱҲ˼֣֪ӶǺˣȲ˵մ˵߶ֵͬܣѾͷҲֻģԽ˵ЩģѾܹˣ
Ȼ㲻ÿڣǵʱ˾ͷȸµдţȻԳ棬׼ʵʵߣ
Ҳ£Ҿ͵϶ȰˣһѾͷƬӣǼϡǵ£ۿɲһӵԩͷۻΪأ
ջһ仰ƺ׼ᶨģֻæ˵Ķԣµʱ鷳㡭Ȼ㣬Ҳòˣûȥްɣ
Ұϣզ˼Ÿ椰ɡ
áã椵ѹˣûȥɣ
ǡҾͲ˰˵ð۹Ǻãϴδõļ椴СѻȥѾѾ
ǡһͷңȥ񻹻һë£ûȥѾѾ˭ܴ
ҾͲˣðиģԺ椶ź£ɶѴϰ
ĺò֣ջϲձ˱ۣһһˡ
Ϣ˵¥һĹʱûѵиֱĵطܰĴһ
Ȼʮ꣬Ҳϼ꣬;ⶡ
в£㱻ҽԺſڣ˸պóԺ־ǿ
־ǿ֮ǰʧȥܣδҲ֣ܿ־ǿôջ
ûаջСʱ֪Լǰְֵ׹⣬Ϊа̶ְֺ缺籦ҲЩ
˵ڰְֺߵǼ꣬ջĺҸ
ϧþ꣬־ǿҹʱΪ˲ش¹ʣҵ
Ϊ־ǿ¹ʵԼȴûõһǮĸ
ˣΪ־ǿ1955Ӹֳũյĵһˣʱ˫Լˣũ幤˭ԭʧǸֳһὫ˿ԭ¼á
־ǿ£ѾˣҲǸֳˣκθŴջĻҲҪǲضϼҡ
Ǹʮָǿˣ㵱ʱʧȥİĶӣʹΪŮ룬ŶЩµĻմջ뷽跨סŮĳﻧڡ
մ־ǿֵͬܣӸֳϼԶйˣ־ǿǵһ֮˵ڶմ־ǿƼŵôᡣ
֮մ볧ʱƽ¯ͻȻ¹ʣմһС㽻Σʱߵ־ǿһѽƿ־ǿԼȴˣʧȥܣҽԺ˰̸꣬޵ĶҲ֡
մֻһŮջ꣬մǷ־ǿ飬ȴӦջ˵缺벻ÿ
ǸҪˣľأҲЮͼǰͰлմԼֻŸСͻԶϼҡЩΪջʱЩʳ˸
һڶϼң캮ضÿҪæЩصũЩʳ֪ôһʡģջÿÿ뵽Щ絶ʡ
մĿ࣬ջѹȴں֮Կһֱ޷Ϊ̵һģ
˼֪ЩԼʲôӣ˼Ҳ֪Ҫܣ
ְˣ̾ⱲΨһˣԼմһҵĮѣȴΪһ˿һΣ
Ϊһˣǿల£û뵽һл룡մΪԼҹŮûӰ£ȻҪɨسţ
ǲϡﻧڻũ廧ڶ˵ν֮ǰļƻҲǴýȥ磬һռҶ֮Լϵ̡
ʱȻվֻص¶ѹϾǴܻӦģ
ռҾΪ椵°治ˣƴ˺ƤҲҪϳȥʵڵͻȻӵŶ֪Ҫż
ջҧס촽ȥǱѹң˻ũϼңֻǧá򲻸Ҫ̣
Ҳ֪һռҵĻڱỵýĺ£ۿ̰߾ݣƾﶼ
ջܣЩѿһӣǲκڴǣΨһ̣ƽһΣ˼Թ





3.  ָһ   ȾͷٴǶԱ

ȾͷٴǶԱõ˵ջҪȵʾָȥţԼý椴ѧУҪ׼һòˣǱ³Էơ
ֱ¥ջų˹ݡ
Ͳ¥ÿӵĴС࣬մһڼһջĿסʮƽķﲻ¥һߡ˿˼һĲռίʵҲ
ǰúſڣҲû˼ģߵһôֲӸСߣһ㵹ڴϡ
СռƽС˽ǽһľ崲⣬ֻһƽʱȵֵεСͷһļһҲһӣ¡
ջһͷڴϣһֻĴͷȡһƴĺƤռǱڻ
ǰְǰռǱְʱмռǵϰߣⱾ۵ռǱ˰ְֺܳʱ䣬ҲջѰӡ
ĮӣýεѣֻҪְֵⱾռǣľһůο塣
ջռǱһ˳ϸϸķÿһҳĿÿһ֡
ְǸˣռǼǵҲܶںֻһ仰Ҿ󲿷ֶйء
425գ˵һҺܸˣ
619գаְˣܼ
92գŪҵĹ䣬͵͵ޱˡҲޡ
Ȼ඼ֻһ仰һнһУ飬ÿһҳûпհ׵ĵطôһ
ջָСĵĴÿһۣ¡
ְ֡
ȻֻᣬȴίһйĿӣ˲ӿϣƲס㣬һһʲͣ
޵ͷǣǱռڴһţ֪˯ˡ
ԺУֻصСʱϴ̸ĻȹӣǰְָСƤЬһվڼſڵ£һˣһߵŰְ°ؼҡ
ջ֪ԼˣΪҲֻξУһδʱҸ
аְֵҸ
Ϧ£ְ̤ϼľһЩˣһϻеʱµ˰̣ЩûӰջе
УְԶΰʵˣ
ְ֣
ǰÿһһͬһֵֻСְֵĻ
ļÿԼ˹ȥְܻһѽסȻһߺ֣һ߽ʵʵתϼȦЦͣ
һΣְֽסȴûǰתȦȦҲûпںֻ֣ǽֻᰴССļͷϣֹ׽
ְ֡
ջе㲻֪룬θյЩְֲͬ˵һƿ
Ȼ룬ְֻֽס󣬺Ȼ¿ڴͳһռǱ
ջͷϤġЩƵĺɫ棬ξҲ֪Լ֧ŵǱְֵռǱ
ְְռǱ͸ΪѾ֪еίѹ
ôţ̧ͷʣһȴ˲ʱʧɫֻǰİְ˾ˮеĻӰһʧˣ
֮һʧĻõϼ⡢ܰСԺԼĻȹӺͺƤЬ
գۼ䣬ֱǸˡݲ԰׵Լ
һƬڰջ̲ס޳
֪ԼΣξҲְˣ
ѹ䣬еռǱʱǰȻһռǱԼʶ㣬ͻȻз˳ȥһȦȻͣǰİС
ջƬ̵ۣӦ󣬲ſͣǰռǱȻƾǴȦλ󾹳һнĴָ֣ᡣ
⼸ֺǸԶ˵һҳ
һҳϵֲֻ࣬ջȴŪ˼
ֻһдţ
ף100棨100ͣ10ͣ10
һֵɫȫңͻͻûа󣡶µļȴȫ֮ͬǰķһŽ⡣
ڶУ
ѡһţ¿⣻
ջհһֿ꣬Ժиߴȥѡһ
Щ£ǰιڹ죬һʱҲ˲ϣֻƸ֪ͣĶģ֪ѡ
䣬ԺߴٵԽԣ˵ͷƤ飬ʹʵһʱ侹Ȼξ
һ뵽ҲֻǸΣӱִ˼֣һҧǰڡϵһ£ֻһµֱ̼ʧˣԭȡĽҲ˲ȥͬһһĻɫ
ջֿ֣
ѡڶѼ죬ȣӣ
ԺϤĴߴջԼ˼һеġϵһ¡
һػ֮ͬǰһȫʧֱҲ֮ɾĬĻɫ
Ȼһҳһ֣
ѡ㣬Ϻз
֮ǰ̣ջҲûʹĵ˴ͷһ㡱֡





4.  ָ   ջѡ񣬸

ջѡ񣬸ʶһ㶶˶Լ˵ڶҳ
ջȥֻڶҳֻһԲԲת̣α˴ӡ19ľŸ֣мһöӲӵָ룬ָϿšռ䡱֡
ʱԺٴߴȥǽɫָ룡
ջָһ㣬ָתһȦȦתʮӣͣ¡
ָն֡6ϡ
ָٴλָֹʱֶ˶ܿ췭˵ҳ
һȴǼлɫĴ֣ջæչȥ
ָᣬԵˡ
һøÿտɴӡ+ѡ㣩ѡƷֻٻᣬĬƷ뼴ɻø
ռ䣺6ƽףԴ״ͱʹܡ
ƷֱͶڻΧҪʱռڡ
ġѡĬΪضҪԱ
塢Ļ޷ռ䡣
ջ굽ռңʱΪմӸյһʻټҶ֪Ǽҵܹ־ǿ֮ǲ̫ͬջȥ顣
Ӿˣӽ¶˹˽ջ֪ҲǼ̰ڣһ·˳УǴ˰ֳ
ɼˣиն˰ְֵ꣬ĺǮ͹ˣһûܸˣѧûȥ
žͬѧ͵͵˿αڼѧΪϳԿ࣬Ҳѧ˸߶ʱһγ̣֮ûټѧΪ椷ѧ£עĿαͨͨ¯
ջʶĶ֣ϻ۹ˣǰʲôϵļָգۼͿ
ڣ俴֣ȴһʱЩ޷ţ
ݣƽ׵˸۱衱
Ļֺ£ҲЩţ
ûй룬ԭƯǰĸȻغϣ̶һƬǰɢ˸ɾ
ţջȻۣ
һӴϷãȻĹˣŷԼССӸƽġСѡ
ΪͷСƬռԵð
ӦϤһУ̲סḧؿڣ֮ǰξһ顱
뵽ǸΣջʶȥ֮ǰڻռǱһңһ¶ЦǱմӱƼˣƽ˰Σ֪ôֺ£
ţջɫʼùŹ֡
Ϊ֮ǰڻռǱĲˣ
ջҧҧ촽ڴϡһ޹еǻ֮ǰѾָֿʼˣ
𷽲ŵΣְְռǱ͸ȻǱռǱȻһָᡱ飬õܵõ
ʱ˿̣ջԤУǲһξ
֮ǰĸݣ˱ۣһ߰ԼֻһԣҲʲôһпʼĬᣬҪס
ｫ⻰ۣ꣬ǰͻͻˮϾƾճһֺİɫڴ
ջһᵽɤۣ
ҧҧ⣬ʹѪζһвΣ־ϲȻԲİ׿ڴ˹ȥ
˫ֲŴ˴ӣ澹Ȼǰ׻Ĵջֱϲ
ϧһףڱһڣ·ŵЩڹл򱻰ࡢɷζ
մǸֳʽˣʱֻһӣռƬﲻ
סҲֻ椲еĴջҲǷܸųһ׷һͷƽմǸ׼棬õĴףԴռңĪ˵ԡҲ
ջһаٽˣ˷ܵĽ״ȥӼҲ²ȥ
ǸᣬԼѡЩš顱࣬ٴαۣͷĬᣬҪһֻʷʵĸ
ȲۣȻͿ״ͻȻһֻرʵĸ
ĸֻűסˣʵʵ״ϣջ˰ԴŲӣֻڶС۴Ŀ
ջŪ״뽫ŵϣһֲŷĸ⿴ŷʣŸǳ²и塢ⶼϹˣ
ջϲĲˣǰĴ׺ĸЩȻܳ棬ӦûиĴռڡ
ôţֱۣĬĬʵᣬҵĴռĶ
˭֪ۣǰȴ֮ǰ׺ͼ仯ҲûУ
ջ룬±۾һԺͻȻֳһСݣԼĪƽСǰǽһǽϿĸĴ֣ռ䡣
ջһϲ֪Ӧþ֮ǰ鵽ƽСĴռˡ
ռ䣬Ĭ׺ͼŽռ
գ۵ĹһǽǵĿյϾͶһ׺һֻŽŵĸ
дſռֵǽϾͳһ仰ǷԻ״
֮ǰڸϿһռԴ״ͱʹܣջ룬˵ͷ
Сʱһ֮ǰĸһӱһֻ׾⼦ˣ





5.  ׼   ǽּһ»֡

⼦Ա߻дļë࣬ռҪҪЩջ̽Ҫ¿ԳԵಿ֣ͨͨҪ
һ⼦Աֻ߱ʣһСѿԳԵ࣬Щëˮȫˡ
ռǷĸзָջҡҡͷǽּһ»ָսʱġռ䡱ĸ֡
ջмѣû뵽ռ侹Ȼô
ۣǰָտҲĵ棬ȴ˵ĲУԭС۱衱
ǸռǱȡ۱衱ı
ĸǰְ͸ģջٴʪۿ૵ְ֣лл
ллҵˣ
ģˣԺһ̹Ҹӣ

ʮһµıѾм¡ļƣ½һɨǰյգС绹ǹεͷƤۡ
ջǰƾɵĻҹӣ߽ͷ䣬ȴȺ˸ɾ
ˡָᡱıջͶδ
ڵ
֮ǰһû׼û뵽ЩΪ˳˳ڳ֪˶˼մӷ飬һԸգ֪ԼзˣܲĴ
ôˣ˵һ֪Щʵߣ̣Ժ۵ﶼȷԴǻũϼңҲһͱڳͷ
һͨЩ˵ᷴտ͸մӵĿ
뵽ϣմ°ؼҰ֧ˮϴ·ǱһһͨԴȣ֪Щʲô⣬˱еԺʵȰ˵ʲôĺܣĸ̻Զϼңһũ壬Ȼ׵֮ࡣ
һȫȻΪǻʮ˵θ
ջֻ̿ߣʱţ⣬Сģ
һ뵽Щ¾ʹľƵģ
СǸгˣı֮ǰĶЩǮƱ
ʹˣЩΪռҹúãǮﶼûٴ߿϶ûʣʲôˣȻҪЩǮ̷ϡ
ƱݣĶЩ򲻵򲻺Ķ粼Ʊ޻ƱʳƷƱҵȯ֮࣬ڸռĴ湦ܣ׼⼸칤һЩŸ̻á
ÿ춼żúĻӣʵǱſӵ
ú󡢸ңռĹ˼ͥЧãõҲǮȻųԵõģгģСĺе㡣
Ͽ쵽ˣָպܴסºõʱһһ߸Ѿ
ټ˸ռİһͷٽĴգ۵Ĺܱɸɸɾɢ飬ô־ô֣һȡãֱҪ̫㣡
ʳͣһļȱĺϾֽʳͶ׼ÿÿ²ҼһĲһ굽ͷҲͻ˼ҪôؼͣҪôǵ
ʳƾƱӦëǮһһġ壬öҪ
ֵǮĺöһʮǮ
ܣȥ֮ǰͷϴһմҪձñҲúĨĺںģĶ̫죬ÿõࡣ
˼˺Ʒ˱ЩŵƺôǴŻЩ˷ֹȷרģվڷڵģ˵ġ
֮һר֯ģϵĶ಻٣۸ҲȻܿǿǿջɢҲΪѡ
Ψһ㣬ǲѹۣöͬջļ۸Ͳܱǵĵ͡
ΪǴӸĶرã˵⣬ָķʱ׻ˣÿջǱһã׼ܰΧһȺ˶ȥһļǮǶ⵽
ջʼŪͷŵ󣬻е»˶ԷЩ˲Ϊ裬Žɴ˷һ󵨵⣡
вһ춼УֻͨǸʱΣҲÿСʱܽմһҲ̫硢̫Уȥ·ϵʱ䣬Լ̯ʱֲһ̫ණЧʾʹۿˡ
ĥŸɴĶѹһۣЩ˺зˣÿֻҪһˣȲʱ̵ıץҲÿʱ䶫ܡùǺҲӣһٶá
ﴧ⣬۲˼죬һˡ
ͷǸʮĸ׳ӣ˳ƻ硣
׳ʵƢҲֱΪʮֺˬջһݰͰ͵СѾͷ̸ģģҲûЦǿͿӴˣ˵ԽƤ䣬´Ǹ߿һۡ
˫һؼͰ¶ˡ֪ջĶãּСѾͷ飬ԸļǮͣջҲ÷²ܽƽϣþ͵ãôһȥ˫Ƕͦ⡣
ÿֻҪϺֱһλÿζһֽǮһֽ֮ҪʲôƱٵ绻ʵڱ֮ǰԼ̯ʱʡ࣡
⼸˲ǮռʮԪһŵĴƱѾ˳չƣ




6.  ˡһ   ջã²

ջã²Ҳķɿ죬һ·ֹۼǰͿ쵽ˣæѿձñóͷ£ôϣֵŵıֽһѣմһúңͿڡ
׼ѿ±ϣĬѿռһԼĪʮ⡢һʮĶͷŵٸһҶӾ
ȻôЩջСȴҲûһ£
СЩռҾٷ״úˣЩģѵһ
һĺöսڣԶڵģһʮ߰Сһı˹
СӣҰ㣡
СӽȫǻֶӣΪ˻飬Ҳģջһ̸⣬ǣߡ
ջûֹĺ⣬ѹû೤ʱĿӷ£æˡ
ȫ˿ϻֺǺǵģֱ߶ô϶в⣡СӣǶ˵զզһ⣬˭ҵҲûǵĺóأ
е˶ΪǱʲôֳġ
Ϊã˶ŪĻԴ֮ǰ͵͵ٹʱ˦ˡ
ɹߣҲںʹǲĸɽ͵͵ֳأ
Ͼ˭ҲΪƾһʮСŪôࡢôõ⣬˶ȻΪд˵ģֻǰںеĹأЩ²ٸʵס
ѵֳɵĽڣջȻ˳ˮۣӦһ죬ǾԽ϶ԼĲ²⣬ֻǸƳӵģѹ֪ﵽʵһˡ
ջȫ˵̲סʿˮĲЦզʹ˾ǵҡǮź£
ȫҲ֣˵ô£ˣɲҡǮ
˲ûнУǴӺԱһͬսȥֱȥġµ㡱
߹հ˹գۼŴǰһСͬ͵طˣջԼЬˣȫϵЬ
ʱͬͷڶҵķźȻˣһñӡΧʵʵŮ˴ͷﻹһҩ
Ƴջǰͷȫ漴קקϵΧ֮͵ͷҴˡ
Ůû߶Զֿ첽ݵСͷһĳŮ˵ıӰкһ䣺ŮԺ´
ŮȴͷҲûأµĲҲøˣգ۵Ĺͳ˺ͬ
ջȫ󣬿Ů˵ıӰ˼
ȻûŮ˵ĳ࣬ȴĪŮЩ죬ǸӰܾ֮ǰ
ȫʶſڵͷЦ˵ͷУͿʼˣ
ͷŮ˵ӰȫˣŷɿϵЦȫһۣ˵Сӣڵ£˵컹ͷϣ
˵գȫ棬顱һͰѴŹˣ
ȫݡޡһڣϺƣȥ㣡
ջСȫ磬ʶүӣ
ȫƲƲ죺ɶүӰǾǸƭӾƣһ쵽£רƭŮǮģ
ƭŮǮ
ջոͷɰͰ͡һЦһӵӣ֪ǲԼˣʱЩһѾ
ȫˣϵ֣ǿĸŮܿ
㲻֪ͷƬĴƣ촵ţ˵ԼϳҽźüҩӣרŮ˲ë˵ɶ¾ûǷβõĲֻҪǸŮģ׼ˡ걧걧
ҪǵʱҩûԹСӣⲻǺôɶƫƫЩŮĻˣܣղǸƵģҩС࣬ⲻǮˮƯҲ³Իˣ
ջȴǾ䡰רŮ˲ʱԺȻʲôһζϧͷ̫죬ûüץסֻҸ¡
ȫͷ䣬˵͵˻İµ㣬ջȫжʱһ죬ĬĬ˶Ρ
ȱĻһһƣԸջˣʮ⣬һһë壻ʮﶹͰһһ㣬ʮǮ
ʣ¶Σջݸһһⷢȫ壬⼸չˣǵ˲ʵݣСȫ˵ָμ⣬ǼﳤТģҲӡ
ȻʮָˣƵĴһջСü£ֱ˵ҳģֿ£ĩ˻ȫѧѧ֪ԣ
˶ָ绻˵ҪƱݣԼһ⣬ջ뿪ˡ
µڵĺͬͨ˴ʱһ·ȥʱһߵתת͵˴ϣϤһľҪˣտʼҲȫزϤ
ʱ仹磬ȵ⸽İٻ̵תתִԼĴɹƻ




7.  ˡ   ǵ˵Ȱ֡

ջҲϼҾǸʲôֻǵǰ˵ӴӵҪһɽСʱ
ھ׼Ժȥ˳һ˲㡣Ǵռ̵·Ьࡢϡ޻һڹһů´衢´ɸףһëࡢˢƷ
ҪЩϣԼϺƤ֮ĸɻš
·ĻʱĵĲҲһ˲١
ǵʳǰְֻڵʱÿ·˹ʣҪһĵĻؼңһһ룬һӶ˵ļ䡣
ְѾˣΪ̰ݴζļȥ
һȦƱݲҪˣŲ쵽ˣ͵Ӫӽ֮Ż˸ֳ¥
մŵǰװ࣬ʳõʱֻϺٷÿһӾ͵ˡ
ϸסУֻĩŻһ
ʱջռѵõ徲ʱ䡣
Ҳһӻнʣһ߳ģ֪Լ²صջҲ֮ǰʹ߶ɫ
ջŸúܣȴرúɫе㲻ÿ֮⣬Ҳû˵ʲôֻ֪ԼԺҪ£ԼúȥǮ
Ϊǣջ·ڴ˼ǮȻڶ·ڴ˷һǱӲǱӡ۾۾ġ
Դˣջ£ǹøʲô
ջˮϴһԼƽСżû˾Ͱǰȥٻ̵ʱ˳ָһó͡
ɫģʽ򵥴󷽣ʺ˼ҴҪƱһȴҪʮĿǮĹ󣬿ֱůˣջʱһ㶼ûԥ
Ժ̴ʱĵӣջ;ر㡣
Ѿûм̣Ҳ֪̱ʲôģˣûԼߣһˣһ˼ӿ϶ù
ջЩ̲סһκۿ޲ھ뿪ռң˳ƱֱӻԶ
ֻУ̲Ļû
ռỵ椵£ȴ֪Զһӻżأ
ջ˲۾ַŻؿռôһɨռһǶѷŵЩΪ˻ϼ׼Ķ⾫һתͷֿʼ˼ҪЩ
ʣȻһջæƿӣߵһӦһǽϵĹӣƣʮһ룬ʱ˭
ȿţվʱջһӾסˡ
û뵽ټˣһʵûжٽȴһԺˡ
վſڣǴͷŴջһվû¶һĨеЦݣº͵ɣôˡܲǵˣְǰѣ̡ܰ
ջ߬߬ģǵã
ܷǵΪŮְֵһ飬ΪСγЩ˵лĸǿУʱںܳһʱ˵ĵһصɵɵڴ
ܰ̽ȥ𣿡
ܷһ㣬ʳڣ˵ʱϸԵø
ջûдէͻأлԵ˵ͷý
ջʵûΣֻǴӡ𣬼︽Щÿһ𶫼ҳҶ̵ĸŮǾͳͰְ־ǿһСҲʼ¸йصӡ
ܺ˵Ů˾Ǹʲôˣ
ݺֱŶԼ˽⣬ʼ֪йԼĸ飬ҲиͰְһ߶ﵽ˶壬ݱһصڴ
Ϊ֪ʲôʱ߿ʼһҥԣ˵ʵǰְֺŮ˵ĺӣŮڰְסԺʱ͵͵ģֻΪŮ˲Ը˵İְ֣ԲŶͱ˽ˡ
˭֪ʱҥԵʱǶôģΪǼͬʱˡǰְֵŮ衱Ը
һȻŮ˻صְֵߣ衣
ֻһȥŮ˸Ϊʱ򼸺ﵽ˼ޣ
ʹĵĲŰְ֣ɲŮĻ裡
ʱְֵıܸӣ˸СǸΡΣֻһġԲ𡱡
ʵ˵ԲŶԡ
ǵڰְ˵Ǿ䡰Բ𡱺󲻾ãһչ˯ˣϴ̨ÿԺ̸ھĨᡣ
ԭôã־ǿҽԺ˴ܹ꣬ȥΣһ仰Ҳû
־ǿ߸ճԺǱ߾ʹ˶׵Ŷ־ǿʱѰҲǹʵǡôͲܶȼ죿ô־ǿ
ȻھӿҲѹҿɥĵĲۼҵŷǺ£㿴ڣ˵ҵ˼ҲЩҲûһŮ˵ıӦ
һô˽⵽ְŮ˵£żֻƬҲǹķ֮ԣ
ͬʱΪǸ󼴱ǸһȴҲ̵ܸܵģŮ˵ڴһϦɢ
еŮˣڰְѵʱ˵߾ߣ̳ʱĻѹ
ֱڣҲûȥ١
ֻǼһЩ˽Ѿѧ˿£ҲѧԼΪɵǣ̫
˿̣ǰһŵŮˣһɫӴ£ɫߴ㣬Χһ׵ëΧʮĹɡ
ǵ˵ȰְС꣬ӦѾʮˣǿǺᡣ
մżȻŮ˵ɷǰ˸ίᣬ˸СͷĿֱӰӸֳҽԺ
Ҳǰ;³ɣʱⲢκӡǣջİϤģ





8.     ܷǴһš

ռխĿ
ܷǴһſڵЩһҴ𣿡
ջԶԷǵЩ̫ӦֻԵ˵ͷá
Ļãô˵ռЩ겻
Ƥ֮࣬ͱЩΪŮŮǿˡ
ܷ䵭û¶㲻ãЦеʵ㣬ֻǲ̼Ҳвٷ£ģ͸ϵڣϣ㲻Ҫֲ̡
ջҡͷˣҲû뵽
ܷԽͣӣʵ㲻öԲô̲ǻˣȻǼĴ࣬ǲʵһֱ֪¡ˣ㻹ǲǵСʱһգְִ㵽ʱǲ̸أʱв̡衯أ
ջźۼüΪԷԼԸǶμᷳΪûͷûԵĴơеɻ
Ů˴ûκν̸ʲô飬ҲԿżɽֱʵ̣ܰǲʲô£
ܷϵЦʱһ˲
ӣܻ˽̡
ܷ˿ٿʱϵıѾָȻȻ֮ǰǰºдǡ
̲û˵ѣЩ꣬ȷʵһֱܹע㡭֪մңҲ˵Ǽ˶㲻ãһ˵Ҫͻũϼң
ܷ˵ʱҲ¶һĨ벻մôˣǿϧˣ־ǿְΪ״󲮶ַˣΪ˾
̣ܰ
ջԸһְ֣ܾôŮ˵ﺰְֵֻðְ޷Ϣɳ̣ܰΪ˸˵Щ𣿡
ܷзɿһĨãǿάЦݵһ㣬ϾҸְҲһߣ㣬ԸԸŲ̣
ջЩ⣬ɻ㣿
ԣ
ܷͷһСڳﳤǱôַĳУũûȣũϼңŲߡ
ܲ˽̼ҵ̵İȽ⡭֮ⱲӿǲԼĺˣǼң㲻õĻ۸㣬˶һõģ
ջôȦӣȻʱֹŹ֣
˵ܷżеȨƣԴҲǺģǴ˽ﶼ˵ɷһֱûкӡ
ҲΪܷżرܳ裬šɷƵĺţ˻ķǡøˡ
ԷӣҲ˵ѾʮˣͲʺ˵Ů˱ϾͰְйҥԣȴҪѵż˰ҥʵ
ջеĲ̫ԣܷԽϿҵӣŲ̣˵ã;Բʳԣ˵ѧʱɼܺãֻմӲԸ⹩㣬ģֻҪ˲̼ң̲ܹ飬ϴѧǰŹҲܱ⣡
˱Ǯˣ
ȻԽ˵ջԽǾòԾ
俴ԷǼβסļУջֱͷʲôè壬֪Է϶˼ȥûһڻؾʱ¶һĨ񱻴򶯵飬ԥ̣̫ͻȻˣҺú𣿡
ܷҲ֪֮ʵҲûİǿ٣СѾͷЩԵĿ࣬һʱܰ˶˻ˣ̫
Ͼţһڳһǿũ嵱ӣֻҪɵӣȻ֪ôѡ
ֻ̬ҡҲ֮ǰӲ־ģ¿϶ʮþȡ
ôһ룬ܷʹӦˣУٿǿǣ˾͵ҽԺڿƲʿվҲ̣Ƕϰࡣ
⣬־аգܷû
ջ͵ſʱ˻һе֣һʾǧԼǰ̵ϷԽԽá
ջתˣϵЦݱ
ŶԷԶıӰƶܷ⣬ֻһʱĥʵĿġ
£һʼû⣬ֱܷӰѾߵ¥ݴҪ¥ʱٿ۾
ˣӰϴʲôͷŮ˺ͬһ
ȻŴȫͬߡͣ·ƣоų
ѹֽһۿǸŮ˵ıӰʱĪϤĸо
˵ܷûѹ벻Է˭
ջǵȫ˵ǸͷרŮӲвҩǸŮǲܷĻҩǸ˭õģ
ܷʱһڵӣ±ϳƵģԼһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ҲĲǲܷɷ򣬶ǲܷԼ
ŮΪʲôһҪأ
Ͼһʱ䣬˵Ů˺Ͱְֵ˽ŮԴķзҪǺְȥŮֽżҵĹ⣬ӸֳҽԺҥԿ»ͣ
˵һ˿¶ܷȴƫƫϸգʱǼٵҲҪˣ
ȵȣҲڲܷ˵Ҫأ
Ů˲ȴ֪ʲôðżڵ˶Ϊɷ⡣
ҪײͷҲѹ벻Էѡ
˵ְʱҲɣʱְסԺܷ꣬Ϊ˶ְ֣ܰͬһʱҲһµĲ٣˶һʱûǰżӵºԡ
ŮҲǳһΪ˲ñ˷⣬˳ˮۣϧ֤Լû⡣
Ͼż˵ȢһȥϱȻߣҲ֤ʵȷʵԼҶ⣬һӶ޷Լĺӣ˵ᷴ˶ϱ
ԽԽܣܷ˽ŮˣΪ˱סżҵĵλ˵׼
ʱ磬¥･ưײ໥Цֵ֯һջع
غ÷ţĬĬصԼǰ£ʱ˳ȥݷһǸͷ
ȻԼļаգɻ֤ʵһ¡




9.  Σ׽棩   û죬·һҹ

û죬·һҹϵҶӱ㾡ˣһҹݻƱء
֮ǺХĴ󱱷磬أε˹ͷ﷢ۡ
ŻͻͻĴްССĸ첲ϴźڵ׶ɵТ£ڼſǿ󣬴Ǹ߹ͷϰײ㶡
ųţһһ˽ȥѭеĺܶϴŰˣе۾ˣֻûֻ۾޵ֻʣһ졣
׵۾һĵۣƲסȥ࣬úˣǰһƬڣûеƵҹ
Խȥ࣬ð죬ٴܿʱ򣬺ȻֶӿվһŮˡ
ñӡΧҲһްʵʵȴͬһֻԶԶվͷһĨ۵ѩ׷
ҲǾŮ˵״̬ԼеһĶŴţʼ
ϧûãǸŮ˾ͻȻתˣߵ춼ûӦ
Ȼ߳ϵǣһǰְֶĸ鳤壬һġһְֱֵͽܵС硣
С֪ﲻܣ˭Ҳû뵽մߵôͻȻ
磬벻ͨö˶˵ոզܳ£۶鳤ȫģʵǲӦð
˭˵أ˵㣬쵼Ƕ벻ͨ·ֲ飬ȷʵմΡ
ʵҲףһʱȥˣ磬ոǽȥʱǸںͬվŵŮ˭
Ļʿʱ䲻ûȥŲʶ
ֲˣҲոģҿһֱվǶԺզȥأ
⡭ô˵ɣʵոǰǸ󣡡
ɶֲҽȥȵȣզŮеءŶˣո죬Ҹʱ򣬺񿴼ҹո磬Ҳ֪ǲո鷳ģ
ɱϹ˵ǸǰЩǰҽӵйءո綼ˣֻڵ¡
СԶȥ׷ȥһȻӭһ磬òۣɵʱǰĳȫˡ
Ƶİǽɵİױ©˶мһѾɫĺʮ֡
һһСϣתͷһſ֡Ű״ӵŮֱ롣
Ƶĵƹ£ŮİִŵϤüۣÿһĶܾøů
ǣʹһ㣬ССҵ𣿡
Ů˵Ķһ٣ȻֱӸµĿһۣȻ󣬾ôֱתˡ
ֻһӰ
ڴϣ޴ĿǱӰԽԽԶ
ȻǱӰĿȻѳɼһŻްһҩһӴ£
û䣬̲סգգۣɵʱǼӰ¾£ɸտʼǴŰ״ӵӡ
ȻǸŮҲ˳ͣס˽ŲתңңĶһժϵĿ֣Ȼ¶һĨ΢Ц
ջһ飬Ȼۣ
һߴŴһ߻ܣ۶ϤĳϵĴֲӣ֪ﻹǼСĿġ䡱˿
ӵ׶еƿķӣй˳ǷսǰһƬůס
ͷѾˡ
ʱ䣬մȥˣʳð﹤㲻͵
Ӷڼҳ緹òŸջҲϴ£ʰӣһ䡣
⼸Դ֪ÿúԼѾô˵ˡ
֮ǰͷʣķڶ緹⼸ȴҲûС
Ҳһ̿տҲůˮƿҲ͸һ
ΪĶ𴲣ӹֶ۵Ӹķʽѵ
ԴˣջелϾǶ˯ôҲһһΣЩЩҪ
磬ȥǸͷûôѾ͵õҪĽ
ܷܲСģͷ͸¶ԼʵݣͷﻹܻˮȻһˡ
Ǯ٣µǳηΪףÿҩŮ˶ò׹һͲǡƲ硱ģҲǷǮ
֮ǰӲܷĻܿ϶ԷҽԺϰ࣬ʲô̫Ǹоҽ
⣬ҲȷԷʮ꣬齫ʮ꣬ûкӡ
ЩܷȫǺϣˣջѾܿ϶ͷҩ˾ǲܷ
Ҳɷǡǡˣ
֮ǰȷܷԼڻѺȻҲߣǵյȨϣֻҪͷǸŮ˱ɲ£
Ծļ˽Ůˣһ뵽Էҹҹڻʱ𴩵ľУø
ƫƫһΣ
λ޷ʧȥ׵ʹ֮һͬЩ䣬ҲһЩԵɵ㣡
ȥҰְǰľʶȥ֤һ
ָоܷŮϺܿŸ

ʮ࣬ջӰٻ̵Ļصֳ
ֻΣûлƬ¥ǾһƬƽȥ
һ·ССĺֱͬһɫŵ˼ǰվջҴһǰǻ˼ҵĴš
˭һ̫̫ܿӦš
ջһ¶΢ЦһֶС𣿡

ͬʱԶɽӣһͷƤñӡƤĽʵСҲһľݵĴš
Ŵ򿪣̽һŲ϶ףݣ
С½˪ĺף¶һЦݣ̣ȡʼʱ򿴼ţ˳͸ӻˣ
̫̫һæл
ɽ빫üʮأ·ߣʲʮһζڿģҪ⺢Ӹˣ˵Ҫѹ죡
̫̫ˣСתҪߣæһקס̻׼ѣ̸һȥְﰳţ
˭֪ȴֱҡͷ̣аֽϺΰӺϲȥˣܻأ
̫̫Щʧ
ȴǸĳæ⣺̣ͷӴСͻ飬񰳵ڻǸӣ϶ῴýðү˼ҩھҪҩȥҪһȥ£
̫̫һҲɣæݴҴ˼ɫһأ͸Сһš
һһٲźѩͷߡ
ֺǺǵ̣ʵԱͬ־˵ҲǴӱģƻǰöĵģǵϸºһ⣬ż찡϶ǰöˣ
̫̫ϲ˵ϵЦȴղסɶôĹˣһ첻£ѹ˷Щûõˣ
ͬ⣺̣ɲô˵ɶûõ°öǵ㣬Լһ˹µ
Ҫ˵̣ǲŽвأ˵öһдüţզһҲأǵһаְŻȥأ˵Ҳöţöܲ𣿡
̫̫⻰ϵЦҲį˼֡ôǴŮѾǱ˼ҵĺˣЩĵҲˣдôء
̫̫ͷ˵ˣ̼ҵЩڸղŲ˳Ϲ֣æתƻ⣬˵Щȥ￴Ȥ£ת̫̫ע
˵䵽˴ͷֱͷһң￿ɽ£λƫ˼ҲЩԶ
辡ľƴդưܵİ෿վ⣬Ŀ
̲סСһ䣺үַˡ
˵գźһɤӣӿţǴҩˣ
źܿ򿪣߳һ߸ݵˡ
Ѿһ͵̫ҲǰһֻüӢֻͦһԲľɹӡ㣬ҲڲȥǷݴӹɢĿʡ
˿ſһһһ㶣ܿع
лˣǺһģȵɣ
̫֪вˣ鷳ˡ
Ҳ˵ˣӣһȥүʱڵĲִˣҲû£ﰳ̿ţ
Ҳбܻ䣬ûãֽӹԷݹűֽ𿪺󣬷ɿһɨŨڵüͷ
̣һմ˸дš
̫һ⡱һͻȻֲõԤУæӣ϶˵ɶ
˵ȥһˡ




10.  ࣨһ   ջȴɫ

ůڵģѾʮȵıУҸطɹһҲ߲ٺ⡣
ܷ緹ʳóۼŽƵͷʢǸѵõĺʹ·ƣҲɷ˽Ųԡڶůʡ
ͷ²վûӣͼͬһСʿŷܹʿ칫иյС
ܷһپֻõѥ˵أСѾͷü죬ˣ
һɨ֮ǰı˳Сʿһ䣬ŴҴǰͷסԺȥ
˻ʿվȻСѾͷ͵ڰ칫ſڡ
֪ԷܷԭǺܸ˵ģɵһۿСѾͷĴʱȴ̲סü
һȫǲĻҹʵ̫ѿˣô˸ƿӣģòǸռúɣ
⻹ûȥũأôȰũǹѧ˸ʮʮ
ҺԷĵܱȱСʱȥʳã칫ⶼûʲôˡ
ҪȻʱ򣬶Է⸱ڴɾͶˣ
Է⸱ģټԭСѾͷǰ͹ģƫϵڣ˼ʱ䣬һӣܷϵЦݾ͵ࡣ
ˣ
ջǱ࣬ӭ˹ȵĺ̡
ܷͷֱ쵽ԼϢ
ܷİ칫ңδȫջݣקźһŰջ£һȥԼӵӡ
ջǹһĨЦݣڶԷǰ
Ҫ£ڵõԼҪǰЩСնԷ
ջһ£ҲȲܷڣ;Ե̣ǲǲʱ򣿵Է˰ɣ
ܷҡͷ˵ԼԹˣջææ۲۵Ļ⣬һ꺮ůļơ
ֲЦˣܷ̬ȹɣֺԼˣеĲѾͷԼдôҲüƽ̫ܻҪҲָܿºףջǵһ
ջ˵еġûģۼԷɫ͸ֲͣŻһת̣˵¡̫࣬Ѳڲõˡ
̸ܷ⣬ʱһæһջ֣ʮеǲմΪ㣿ģԺ˲̼ٲÿɫˣԺһúչģ
˭˵⻰ȴûеĸмѾͷɫ΢䣬֮Ǹεĸ̣ʵ˵һǸԲ˵£ҲܴӦ
ܷŶԷһϵЦȴû䣬ҲԽºͣǲմΪ㣿
ջȫûвϵһǸǵģ̣룬ûΪңǻ֪¡
ܷʣȻǵԵʣΪʲôӦأ̸˵ĻֻҪԺŲ̣̱ܼѧϴѧ㲻ѧҲܰҵݺù֮㣡
ջȴһҡͷ̣ллĺ⣬һһʹˣҪңҲ̺úչԡ̣ҲܴӦ
˵ţźۼ˲ܷ֣վ֣صԷ˸
һޱϵŶԷ˳˼ƻЩüƻ뷨գһʧɡǶԲסǧҪҵ
֪Ϊʲô仰ڲ̶ܷ
ѹû뵽Ѿͷ᲻ͬ⣬һΪҪȥʲôָɶܾ
Ѿͷôƻļƻ뷨գʲôôʶ̧٣˭
һ̣һӼЩ⣬Ѿͷһ䡰ͬ⡱ɽѹ
ƾʲôôನۣ
ƾʲôôһѾͷҲҸǣ
浱ܷƤֵǮЩ̤̤˵߾
ŶԷתһһſȥǹɾ޴ķŭڽӿԺɲǼѹǵңȻվ͵سŶԷıӰҾܾңⱲӶ֪ĸ𣿡
ջʱͫһת۾Է̣⻰ʲô˼ѵ֪ĸϢ
ʵܷǾ仰պھЩˣҲױŭˣҪʵѹ̫Ҳ˵
ԼµĴ鷳Ϊ¶ţٱԷֵʲôѩϼ˪
뵽ܷﲻһţҲ˲æô֪ĸ£
ǿסзɿһĨȻҵ˼ǣ㲻þܾңֻҪ㣬Ժһᾡİҵĸһžۡ
ϣջȻ⻰
˼죬һ˰컰ֱĵʧģΪ˽һ˵ÿһ仰֮ǰ˼ǹģΪľ뿴Ů֮ܲ¶ʲôţ
Ȼ򲻸ˣŮ˹Ȼܣ
̣Ҫô˵㻹ʲôѾʮˣСӣôȥңȻٰҵҵĸֳֺõ£ͼʲôɱ˵ѧ׷£ң
ܷ죬˵ջȴ᣺ҿɲ£ҪôõˣҲҰְѵʱ˵߾ߣ
㣡
ܷѾöûбôһ˲ʱǵͨ죡
ջŶԷܻӣֱЦһô⻰˵ĲԣҿЩƭƭˣԼҲƭȥˣ
һһ߻صܷߣһһͷҩӹ𣿡
ܷɲǼ׹ߣ
ԷĻȴڼħ꣺ҲΪӭϵǸҥԣż˰϶˽Ůڸ㲻ʵ԰ɣ
㡢㡭
ܷŵĵջû뵽ôƮƮ˵ԼһĿģʱִңָջ㡱˰죬ȴ˵һĻ
ʲôô֪ģֻܹԼ£ö˶˵ķҪܹң
ջʱıһֻŵ¶Сޣм׺
ܷм㣬ʵʵشĻش⣬ǾͱҰŪ˾֪
ҧˡ˾֪ĸ֣ܷһһݵʾβڵľţ
㣬ȷʵ֪ĸ䣬԰ɣ
ܷתת˵֪һ̧ͷԷǴż׺ݵŵæͷ֮ԹԵͷ
ջŹһ˿һı飬ڶ⣬ңʵֻڻѣĸйأԲԣ
زܷȴǵͷûκηӦջһֲ֪ʵˣЦһŲţھܳţȻЩͬµ棬㲻˵¶˵˵ͬǵʱô㣿
û´ĻżҵҲҽԺɣջṴ˹ǣȻЦڲܷȴǱȶ£
˵ǸίĸˣôǸҺŪ˿϶ûк³
ǣ
ܷ˲ʱƵú۾ݺݵĵջһ޲ӣ
ǣµĶԣ֪ĸ£ǵ⣡ôΪ֪ҵ£вңҪǸҰұƼˣҾͰǵϢһӲڶԶҲ֪
ջȴɫ⣬ֻһ⣬㵱ǲΪЩȥҹҰְ֣




11.  ࣨ   ܷɫ΢䣬Żס

ܷɫ΢䣬ŻɷȻЩƮ
Ʋ䣺ûУ
ҲҷģջɭȻԼ°뱲ӷģƭң°뱲ӾҪ룬һУ˺򣡡
ܷһϣҧס촽ŵ׺ǿӲ·˲ʧӰ١
ջЦôңողһն˵ûС𣿼ȻûУΪʲôҷģ
ܷʶһջȴŹ㲻ҷģΪȷʵȥҹְ֣
ҥ˵Ͱְֵ˽ŮΪԼܣϧƲҥԴķз֮ȥҰְ֣ҥԣ
Ѿˣְֳ죬ۿʱȥҹһưְְ֤û⣬סżҵĵλְֲϣĸ±ΪϾͳ£
ݺݶŲܷĿǿĺ⣺ܷ˽ɵŮˣ㺦Ұְ֣
ܷĻɫҰףסҡͷûСûУġ
뷴һԷǺܿ͸һеͲԾȥ
¸һֱСڲصĲһҲһĵסκĽɣ
ûẦ־ǿ
ȥֻԼСæǲϣһʱôãʱôˣȴǲϴӦ
ΣŻջĸвϰԼȥջĸջǣ
Ϊ־ǿͷ˸Сѣ˵ջĸŮˣ˵ԼŮãȳͰ
־ǿһŮȥܿ࣬ͱԣ
û뵽ǲɢ֮ͳ£
ʱֻԼһ¶ѣûẦ
ҲûţʵһֱиģǵȥǸմ˵ҲúõģҲͲкЩˣ
ЩҲΪסһܶǵ£
ôĲܷЩԹ־ǿ
ջûеԹԽȷԼ˵ʵˣҪȻŮ˵˽ĺڣôô׾ͱסЩֶȥΪѰְ֣
ͬʱҲΪְۡ
֪ܷԼĸвȰְֻ֣԰ְˣڵ֪Լĸ󣬲ܻ޶ԵװȫȻ֪ôԼԼȫ
Լȥ϶ģ
ôܣҲͲΪĶˣ
¹ʵԭ򾭹෬飬϶ڰְֵڶԼϵ¯Ŷ¼ſһƽ¯ķʱûϸ飬ȥһֽϣˮ¯ʱǼſΪϱۻմˣˮй©֮ըͻ֣ºüˣش󾭼ʧ
µʱ򣬰ְѾֶ鳤渺𣬶
˭᷸ôͼĴ
ȥҹְһͬļˣ˼ǵðְʱƽʱ˼ӣҿɫãֻǡõְִ¯ŵĹΪԻ˶кʱ˰٣Եʱ̸£Ҳͺͬɫõİְ֡
ְ뽻࣬ߵͳ¡
ǰһСʱʧȥ˱ʧȥǰĸλĳ̶ֳϣʧȥԼİŮ
һжǰŮɵģ
һҪΪΪۣ
ջﰵ¶ģȴֻƳһۣ֮˵ͷҲصſȥˣ
ܷȴûɵĻţԤУѾͷôˣһᷢû취Ƶ£
л̻̣ʶſںסԷȵȣ
ջûͣµ˼Խһȣջѵ㵱治֪Լĸ𣿡
ջٿͣ½ŲֻȻûлͷ
ֻҲòܷ˿˸װƽ֪˭Ҳ֪ǶϿҲֻ֪йصˣ
˵мֵ⣬ջҿ֮ǰСˣû˲֪Լĸ˭ҲһӦұܣҷĵĻҾͰǵ¶㣬ô
ջû֪ѾͷǸԵģúŪʵŵ̬Ųţ־ǿְֵ£Ĳģ֮Ҳھ˺ܳһʱ䡭
ʵ֮ûҪŪôܾˣֻҪӦҸղŵĻԺǿԾˮˮ͵˭û˭Σ
㣡
ջڿڣȴһֱͷֻҲں
˵գߵűߣһסŰ֣Уǰְֵ֣㲻䣡
һ䣬ͷҲصĳŶȥ
ͽܷǻ֣̿޷򾲡

ҽԺջůڵ̫վãֱһŮȥҽԺĸ״æײһ£Żع
Բסλȥĸ׻æǸŮȿˣżȥҽԺǱǸ
ջԷҡͷ˵һ䡰ûϵͿԷֻͷƵģŮֱײһͷҽԺ
ջǶԸŮԶȥıӰһЦЦͣǰȥ
ɣΪ֪ĸ䣬ôŹǸŮˡ
Ҷڲܷ˽˵ѳԵ˵һȨʮ仰Ҫа˾ۿۣ˵Ů˻ʲôطڸӵ
Ϊôһ޴֤ĻͱסҪ
ҲãѾаְ֣õİְˣ
ʲôġɡ
ǮһֱίĹջֱŵľһ׼õһҩݸԷһǰšæҩת¥ܸ¡
ܸ¾ǲܷɷ˲ʲôöȴܻӪ⼸ڸίĲҲЩСȨ
뻢æܸиõСѸҲǸɣǰСѸͻȻˣǵܸ´
ЩڲܷŬ£һֱԼ޷ŲɣĪ֪СѸУһӦ϶ԼˡñӡʰСѸһ٣Ҫһϡ
ջҲ²ܷҲ֪ˣۼŻԿʱᱻҴԲ⣡
뷨ͦãϧ۴ĸ棬Ů˵óѣ
ʰֶһŮˣ͵ֶκĻ֮ͽĳ̶ֳϣǸܸ¿ܻǾ䡣
ҲϣܸܵЩҲΪ˿ͷ컨˴Ǯҩ

һȦȻصֳ¥ʱѾһˡ
⼸죬ҪæŸͻҪݷðְǰļͬ£ܷ£ÿ춼ææµµ
ֵõ˰ְֵµ࣬ǽЩͷ󣬿ɶ԰ְֵʹϧ˼Լʼٸߵޣе֯һ𣬻Ƕľ˺ܴĳ
ʱ˿̣ʵĺҵһû˵ĵطú˯һ
ĶЩƣջͷռߣȫûзڼ¥ʼΧЩ޵
ߣǵԶ󣬲һ𣬶ıӰһ˽
һ˼µջԴȫȻֱ֪¥˼ǲʲôƵģȻһͷſ󹫹ˮʱʱмŮ̽ͷ̽Ե
ͻȻͷЩ˶һæͷ˻ȥȫȻһ·ӡ
ջ̲סü
һ¥סţЩˣ䷽վڳſڡѰӶ̽Ǹһġ฾
䲻ţҲƽ߰ͷģ
ǳʲô£ⷬٶ񿴼ĲӬƵģ
ϧûڣҪȻˣ
ôţջ̧ǰߣռҷſʱſһ죬ֻˣҲûƿ˷ţȴӭ濴ʱסˣ
һżϤİףϤΪݡůİΪʱȾͷĥϵۣ
ڿŲ϶еʱЩҹͣĵЩñؼϲãЩ޷˵ĵͨͨϮͷջһ˲ͺۿ
죬Ǿ˼ҹġ̡гڣѾλֱ






12.     ջһͷ˽̵Ļˮ

̣
ջһͷ˽̵Ļˮͣ
˿һɨ֮ǰƣϲã̾Ȼԭ絽˺ü죬ʵϲѣ
ôûˣջǵľ˵壬뵽æ̧̻ͷ̫̫ĸ첲´
ձǰߵʱ࣬ҲˣɫҲáԶӣ𳵾Ҫһһҹһ·;ۣ˼ӳԲˣ
뵽Щۣ޲ܸϽҸʵط̺úЪЪ
ջ߿Լ㲵Ӱۣȴ֪һ̿ûŮҲͬ۵
ߵʱ⺢ӸͷͱͬĺӸ߲٣ˣ⺢ȴСʮ꣡
ٿϸ첲ϸȣûƴСǴ˼ҵҲ׳ʵ
ѣ־ɲ˵ô˵⺢ӻȥͷúⲻҪ
ү⺢Щ굽ɶﰡ
մӵԼҶˣû뵽ǾȻôıŮӵļֱùˣ
һʱ䣬̫̫ŭ죬޵ݿ죬ŮҲ
ջһۿ״̬ԣæһס̫̫ЩεָǰͣĦ֮꣬ؿڣۼ̫̫ɫ֮ǰɫ˿
û°ɣ
ɫе㲻Ծǰһֱûҳմ˼ӲͷƤǰһ䡣
ջŷ֣ղŹſˣû뵽˾Ȼڼң
һˣӦ̽쵽˾ֱȥˣǵʱû˵ʲôûմ϶£Żĸˡ
ѹָղŻʱ¥ô̽ͷ̽ԵģԭǵſǼҵЦ
ԴƽһϰࡢһʳóԷһƬסţ˭еС飬һգ۵ĹܴİӶ֪
մ˲զأǻͦӵģ±ˣȴأ
ջһӵѾ˼ޣټ̣ûǣ
һĪ˵𻰣ø
һһ˭֨մʱЩڨڨģǶһʱҿڡ
ȷʵЩģ־ǿһ̫үүģϵԶֳǴйѡһȷ飬߻ǰ¹򣬾ΪȰ־ǿƼ
Ϊˣ־ǿ״־Ҳˣϵһֱá
־ǿΪ˾ȥ˰
˵ʭӶ˲ծ˲ԼҲǷ־ǿ̫࣬Եеİõˣڴ־ǿǿȻǿǾͶչһЩô
ٺһֱʲôǿ־ǿͻȻˣôңŮĳﻧڶס̫̫æʱͻԻֹУǵʹӦˡ
û뵽ǣ־ǿǿ־ǿҰѾͷҲҪѹ׹Ůһͷ
Щ˵־ǿлŮŷ۸Ѿͷʱװû
ϱұһϼҪѾͷͻ£ԥʵҲּɣϾԺû˻ᵲסŮǰˣ
ң־ǿĹŮֻܹԹԻɽﵱ椣Īֳĸо
ЩˣȴҪװһװģҪȻȥҪģ
մתЩͷǶ䵭Ϊ⣬ָʹȥ̫̫ˮ
һ˿ޣҲΥմ㲻鲻Ըĵ˱ˮ֮վմʹͱ¡
̬ⷬ̫̫и˼֣ŮİѾֱָ࣬վˣװˣÿװ࣡ҪѰŮĻǨ𣿸ϽģھͰ죡
մ⻰һϲʮһ͵ĵԣ
Ȼ˫ż˭Ҳûֻջ̣Ǳˮˣ˲ųȥ
ǨҪȵֵ߽ź֤ȻٴЩϵɳǨ
һֵߵʱǸ𼱻ǵϣһһ·ֹģĹƵģȫ̰ͷ֪ĻΪҪȥʲô춯صĴ¡
ȻҲܵĶλﶼ˷һֱ˵ͣੲݵİһϼļԱͷ䵽ź
ջۼɳλŮͬ־üζüΪ̵ֻЦ
ũתǷѾתũȴ鷳εĻǨļΪ˳ۿմһڱϣԭջҳ湤дˡ׼Ǩʱﶼ˿
ֻ֣̿ȴЩζһȦֻصԭ㣬úô
ϹĹεĶ˺ˣ
ջǺܸˣЩϻصϼҴҴӳ£ܺһڱˣ
زһˣǰְֵŮ̵Ů
ջҪռһʰ
մԾԲˣҲûԣմʵһޣûһۡ
ֻصռңԭ׼ŮһʰģɵջΧ¶еƽСռʱٴκ۾
̫̫ǼªСľ崲ٿһӶװļƾѣ£һקŮ֣۲Ҫˣ̻ȥµģЩŸЩɥĵѹײİ




13.     ⻰붥ء

⻰붥ȥ˱죺̫̫ô˵أұúͱ÷ԼкҪЩ껹ùŮ㲻мˣôǣ治֪˭ɥģ
ȴûĲɫĿմӣҲһȻӣЦһ˵ջߵ⣬ڷſڵһֻ´һͳ˳ȥ
̫̫żһʽջֱ¥£ߵ¥ǰץͷ׶ǡۡһá
֪մ£⸽˼Ҷβſأۼ̫̫ⷬ˱չܿ¥ǰΧ˸Ȧӣ
һõ죬ۼմ¥׷ˣְ̫̫˷һңһ˵Ǽȷ桱ı㻹˽ָͷʱ۵ֱУ
˶תΧֵ˴˵ܶʶӽ־ǿԭƽ¯һֶˣ
̫̫һ䣬˽ʱһ
ʵͷܶ˶ǵ̣Ϊǻ֪־ǿ־ǿ˵Ʒְλû̫ϵֻǵΪǼ˳˺ü£Щ²ܺûȻۣʱ˲̸ʡ
ûվô˵ģΪӵ˴£ʧӶԲ쵼࣬ҲԲ֯Σ
˵̫̫Ȼθ˼,תͷһմ,˵մ㰳־ǿԲˣɶûԲסɣ
Ϊ־ǿƼ㣬һ󰳣޲ø¹򣡡
˳Ÿûվأһն߲ͣ־ǿûٰƨɣΪ˾ⱲӶˣ
մ㣬־ǿզԵ㣿զԵ
̫̫һѽջߣ־ǿɶ˵ˣⱲӵһŮΪڳиմӣǴŮʮĹˣݵû⣬˵ʮ꣬˭ܿó
̫̫˵ջϸݵĸ첲ܵ˿
ٿѣĨƵģô죬ⲻҪӵ𣿡
Χ˶ʱȷʵ⺢ӳ̫СˣҲûӻĵǿ٣Ϲ⿡ģˣ
մ֪־ǿŵʱ⺢ӣЩզģ㵱ظĵ죬֤˵һܶãı֤ģȻĹ
մǰϵ׶ǺӵˣʱЩվסˡ
մҲ֪ȥֻӲͷƤǰӣ㿴֮ǰĺúõ㿴ڡɶۻǻȥ˵ɡ
ȴޡһָ˭ˣզֳˣϣöˣ㵱ŮЩɥĵʱզûŶ˲أ
ıղűһ˽ţ޵ۼ˽ӽסԿðһӲɴ󼱣³
Ҳָͷˣ̾һ£Ҳ̫֣Ҫ˵ұͲˣôҲŮôͷǳԲҪǮǴҪǮ㻹զأ찡
ЦһûզʣѺʱǶٿǮĶˣ
һ仰ʱը˹Χ¿ˣ
ѽѽٿǮ
֪ôǮǵҲƤ̫̫˸Ǽȥˣ
Ǿǣ⺢ѧϰܸɣҿЩռЩػڸɣô컹ȥúǴСҲȲϣ
ЩƵۣԽ⣬Ҫմúһۣ
Ǳ㻹貹ǿźǡ˭Ű˵پͶٰ
϶ûҪһٻа׺䣡
˵գָǱߵͨմǸҷˣҲͷǸɥĵģûǮ
ǲʣʵҲ֪ģõõǮʱ򣬻Ѱӽ˶ʮأ
ҲֻǾõǮҶû־ݣտڰģֻҪһҲˣҲûû뵽ô¿ֱӵŴͰ˺ߣˣӲǰִˣ²̨
մ˵Ӻ˵ĺܣ
͵͵̧ͷԽΧԽˣʱЩڣմǿͷһʱЩԹޱãɶ¶ָͷҪִȥҲ֪᲻ԼӰ졣
ˣͷһֱأȻ׷Źǡ
ѷŴռҳʱŮŵС˹ֱӴ򿪣óһżվݡ
̫̫մǶٿǮȲ˵ЩƱӶǰǼİվݣͷаÿ궨ʱǻĶʮǮаϼҼĶ
˵գЩվݻִݸΧ۵ˣչȥһ򣬺ǣס桢ۡɡ˸ɣ治٣
ְѵѾ𿪵ֽݸٿǰŮЩĵţЩÿĶһ֣
ΧкŶæһӹЩż˺ܿͷ˵ŮǺˣϾǸմ˵ĺû
ԱҲ˸ͣҲǣҪ⿴Щţ˭ΪŮأ
Χ۵ˣջĿͬдϧֻضҵĺúӣҹĿӣﲻû˿Թޣ̣ʵеҺТ˳
̲˲ᣬסŮ֣תͷմմд֤㣬ƾɶҪѰŮϳţƾɶôҪǲԸ⣬հǮʱզӦôʹ죿
Ҫһ˵͸浽ǳȥ쵼úÿ㾿Ǹʲô
ʱΧֵҲ֪˭⻹ɶ˵ģ丱εֶҿŮˣǼͷи׹ŮأϽߣմզԼ˼쵼׼Ұ
⻰˵𣬶һлܵʱһ
ҲС죬˵ǻĶ˵¡
ȴֱü̲סȥŮԼŮ΢΢ͷ̫̫βըˣ
˵;Ůʮ̫Сô˼ң͵˵մȻΪô£֣Ҫ£Ȼ˵ǸԶȶǿ˰£
ӣ˵ɥĶģ˸Ӹûģ
ͷմҲ˲Լǵͷڽҳˣֻһ˵Ҫȥҳ쵼ĻѾųһ
ӣǧ֪ˣϴдôţҲûˣͻȥȥɳѻڸĻв
ôһ˲ĶҡʱŮס첲ͻȻһ̫̫ʶعͷŮݵһСջǼᶨ뷨
մͺޡޡһǲŲϡմ֪ҲˣҪúÿ׿㣬ôǸɶ
˵ţתͷܵ˸ô֤־ǿһ֧մҴӴԺһϣ͵ӵǾ˸ЩЩǮҲǸˣ
Ҳ˳ѣԺԶ㣬һӶǳ˲¹ͷѪ
ллӆЩ£˴䣬ⲻˣ˵꣬Ŵ˸
ȫ̷̿ջҲԹ
մһߣϺװף޲иطȥλ粻֪ʲôʱ˳˶ȥˣ




14.  ̣Ժ   ̫̫§

Χ˻໥ţ˵ʲôĶУͷϸ໹̭մӣ̺ջʾͬ顣
һٵ̫̫̾˿ȰӣǿˣҲ治ף˵£Ѿͷϧ˵㡭ǺúӵĶҲڲҲɽ𣿶һ
ҲӦ˼䣬׷Ȱ̿Щ
ջԱۿţЩ˰ο棬Ҳû˵մʲô໹ǴһСۡ
ϾѾƬһܿͻ뿪մȴܼ԰˵˵ҲͰˣû˭Ϊ˸Ǵ򱧲ƽӡ
ֻҲܲˣһ֣մӡʲôʣԵҲҪõףԺ¥Ҳˡ
ǰմڼڵ¯ǰСҪһ鳤֮ǰͽᶥͷ˾Ӧûܴ
ǽһȻҪգûĻⱲӿµֻܵСС¯ǰˣ
һʹˣٲ࿴մһۣл˳԰οˣŮ־ֱˡ
ջʮĵطһߴŽҲˡ
ûʲôӵְȥ뿪һطѾʧȥˡҡ塣
еźҲֻ׿ڸչһѡ
Եȸ̻ȥ󣬼ķŹɣԶˣЩöҲóˣʱһĸҲرλھӶչˡ
˼Щջ⿪˳صǰδеĳ

һͷۼͷҲصˣԭΧֵȺҲܿɢˡ
ЩȻû˵ʲôʱմӵתͷʱƲı飬ʱʱͷֹӣһѰѼ⵶̵˻ۣ
ܲס໡һܻȥˡ
ʣմĿ⣬ǿΪԼ⼸䡣
ֻϧǸ־߰뷨٣˵⡣
Դ׸ɰͰ͵˵ȫȤһڣߵĸˡ
ղŻΧȦȦ¥ǰգۼʣԼˣմԭȻֻףؾͿʼˡ

Ҳ֪˶ãͷ
մһͷ¯ǰ鳤ʱ⡱һ
ֵӰ첻̫ãḱ鳤¿ܹǺˣи׼ɣ鳤ôһ䣬üͷˡ
ʣմһʧǵվӶˣ

̺ջֳ߳ķΧʱѾ쵽ˡ
ڵ磬ʱɫѾˣֻʣе
ջƾŴϼҿĽ˼дס
дС¥˵ýǰ󷿸ĽģЩͷˣ۸ȴˣס˺٣ҲɢôֳȽԶĴֺܽ
ջһʹˣҪ˼ںúù䡣ЩһϼҲףǰûǸҲͰˣиıӣҪǮǮҪȻҪ̳˻á 
Ϊ˲𲻱Ҫ鷳ֳԶһЩȻá
һ¥ǰ̨˿˸˫˼䣬Աţջһŵ˴Ϣ
׼赽ˮˮʱȴסԼһˡ
̫̫ĵƹǰŮϸϸһ֮Ǻϸ۵Сûþֿʼᡣ
ջʱˣ̣ôˣǲﲻ
ҡͷû¡̾ǾöԲס㣬֪̺οߣôĿ࡭
ʱȥ֮ǰѵմʱǿӲûǰǿӲ˳Ͱûڣеǳǽջ־ģ
æ˽̫̫ֽסλͬݵˣвסο̣˵ⲻĴ˭Ҳû뵽ˣ
˵ѾҽѵǣҲҳǵʱǱӣ;ر
ĦŮͷ̾һȴ˰ɵѾͷûķӣҲֻôһ֣ϵ׶ˣúÿ׿ǣ
˵Ȼô㣬㵽ǼҴô꣬ɮ濴棬Ҳ̫ܰ
ջȻҲմһҶãҲԴһϣˮˮõĽٶ෴ռסˡ
̣ģʲô׵ģǰ¾ȥɣֻҪһ뵽Ըһ;رˣҲر㣡
ȴ̾Ϣ̵ɵŮµӿɲôùģҪǻбİ취̿治Ըȥܿ࣡
ջæ̻ߵű߰ŷϣߵӱ߰Ѵãȷһʧˣߵߣӭ˼ҲĿ⣬չȥ˼䡣
۾ʱϴЩȷ˵Ķģ˸
ջæѹС͵̣ģǸСָᡯıͷÿ׼أи˿Ŀռ乩ҷŶ
һĶӸŮ˸ôıһʱҲǾúϲ£죡
ջ̸ˣ㵱̵棬ѸռܵĶһչʾ̿
ǼٽĴס棬ʮĶͣ͡پǺüʰĸɾľ⣬мֻļһڱ彡Ĵ
̿۾ԲˣЩԼһŮſֱߺߵķʺѹ
үǡǡ
ʵ̫ˣȻ𾪹ǿϲ
һֻë͹ˮĴ󹫼ֻѹ֣ٿǿڹ˳ſڵϵĴǣཡΡΡֱСɽƵģ̫̫ϲΧת˺üȦ
ջĻ̫󣬻ᴫӣȰǿڴͼֻսռ̫̫ǰʱһ룬ЩźתͷֱŮһסˣ
ⶫ˵оС˵ûûֲýСָⲻ͸ȥϷͷЩܡʯɽ𡱵һ
Ů˵ģһжǶ͸Ůģ˫ֺʮϷ߶־ǿǲҲϿܿ࣬Ų£ŸôĶԣţзУ㻹öౣúӽƽƽģһ˳ģУ֪
ջÿЦãͬʱҲرжȻϣְֺԶˡ
̸˵ӣԽο̲ססˣ߶ţ̣⡮ָԺӶ÷ֻÿҾ͸úźǹҸְ֣һҲΪǸˣ
̿׻桢㴼ҷʳͣķ⣬Ǹᣬȴϲõˮ
̫̫§ŮʹͷáãԺ͸ŰŮ󸣣





15.  ƻ   Ŷδ㽣һ

Ŷδ㽣һҹΣǰձ۵Ҳ˷ϲ¾ˬȣƣ
ջͰԼ͵͵¸̣̫̫ŵùǺֱ˵̫󣬺һ˵Ůֱ˸ɿġϼҡ̲סܸɡ
̫̫ҲǸӴģϾʮ꣬ԺһҲ˽⣬Ե±ҪŮһȥͻ
Ը֧ԼȻãҲȷʵи뷨뿪ǰ̸һ̸ͷܳⶼܳɣʱ϶ܺ׬һʡ
ΪⲻʮСĿ߶ӦջҲܰĵ
һϼ£ҲÿУǣºܿͶˡջȥͻʱ˳һᣬԷʲô˼
滮׬Ǯƣջʹ¥дԱߵĹӪ㡣
Ӫʮַḻһ߶೤ĴŴƵը⣬ɫƮĶһ֥ĺǱװ۵Ĵ˴л͵С⽣
ҧ˿ƤࡢĺǱŨڶ̲ס̾ζ𣡡
ջ̳Եþˣѵÿʳһݶ̫̫Աס
ԳˣĶȴʣһ룬ֻʷҪֽȥˡ
̲̾סСŮõô࣬ջϹԹӦţȴŴ˻绹ö໻Ʊ̼ԣɶõɶ
ȴӹӪջһȥͻջûͬ⣬ҪͻдϢ
̼ŮһƬТģҲûټ֣ŮĴ̸ٹȥæҲһ
̰ٺúջ⸽סլƺҲиСе㣬Ǹµũ񣬰ѼܵһЩʳ߲˴͵͵
ջƾ֮ǰ˵ľ飬ܿҶ˵طǮһʳũһʵĴ󱳿ϣȥһ硣
ȵ˵طջʮ⣬ָ֮˵ʱе£ûͻ
һӣȫȻûϡһеģʹ˵ɶʱɶض£һεģҲ
˫ϹعӡջԼ뷨ֱ˵ﳤûΪˬµˣͷϵⶼ磬ʻԸԸȻǮҲ
һȴдϲջ͹Ʒ༫ãǰ׻ķʱָͷǲס
ϵˣãⲻ»ڽһѹţȵ£Ǯٻܷһ
ʵĥôͨСѾͷļ˴ܲܰѻһЩû뵽˯ͷˣȻֵĺܣ
ǣ統İ壬ջжٻյȫգⶼ֮ǰƷ࣬ԲֱӰÿһһļ۸
ջһɲ֮ǰľ⣬ȥࡢͷĴ⣬ԻļǮɲ͡
ȻջԼ֪Լ£ⶼǸÿһͷٽǻʵĴ
񻢸ġϽ϶ܸÿжϳԲŻһ͸ôõļ۸
ջ⣬ȴԣֻ˵ô׵ȥʾﳤȽͻʱٸ
ȫûջͻ㣬ҲṩЩ
ջȻлֻԼܻй׶ҲͲٶ˵
̸˸üǮջˣ޲ɱߣϢ˼ҡ
룬ջȴûôΪһҪҪ
ӻµһ˹³ִֹ˴ԼʮӣѭżߵһСԺʱͣסŲ
ǲܷɷܸ ݲؽĵط֮ǰȫһΣ⸽ס࣬˲ҡ
ջʱԺŽգֱǰš
ϧ˼£ȴʼվĵġ
ջҲôĵһһǿа˳µĺɫŰ塣
Ҳ֪˶ãȻһˤűŮƿڴ̸ȶĸˣ
ջüͷûһ£Ȼ֮ǰŵĹһĴŰ塣
ͷŮƺԼܵƣ̤صĽŲԺӡߵǰ顱һʹԺţ
㡭
Ůȫû뵽ġߡջôСѾͷһʱҲ˷üͷʵ˭
˵ţ㲻סش
ͬʱջҲʼԷ
ϴθȫŵʱΪվԶŮ׼ţԴĺʵҲûô壬ֻſǸŮˡ
ý˲ŷ֣ᣬʮִ꣬˵㾫´˿һɫްͷҲ߰ģɫЩƣȻڲסǹζ
һͲǸ򵥵Ůˡ
ȻûһֶôܴӲܷϰɷߣ
ǵŮս𣬴Ѹɷûкӣܲż̫˹Ҳ֪ô͹ܸ¡
ջãϸŮ˵Щֻǿ񣬱֡Բ顱ĸо
ջ˽ѸҲԼ飬֮ſڣ㲻Ҫ֪˭ֻҪ֪ܸ㹻ĺôˡ
˵ţ۽Ѹ󣬡ҽȽԺ˵
ջĻѸʱԼǡܷ˲缦ܵҪһʱɶèèܵǰװŪզģ۸Ѹ£
ֲջҪһͨͼջ˹ĴӶһţǰ˻Ρ
ʶ𣿿ţ˵³ɣܸ£
ѸɲǼɫһջĿȻ
ջ׶⣬΢΢󵨵ĻӶԷ
ѸãԷȫΪԼ˿̵飬ҧҧ촽ջǰ
ҽ
Ķôһ䣬ѸԺȥ
ջں濴ԭֲ֪СȥԽ˵׶غţȥ
ߵԺ봦ͣ½Ųסǰͷˣˣɡ
˵֮ǰȹ㡱ջǲԸðȻһİ˵ӡ
ѸأղŶ߽ˣַֻߵջǰզģҸҽݣҿСѾͷͦ󰡣զˣ
ջƼѡӣƽİŵ˹ȥɣͷݱһԸˡ
Ѹ˿Ҳȫջ˺ģϾѳζҲ벻СѾͷǸʲôΪʲô˽ô
벻Ͳ룬Ѹʲôˣ汻СѾͷƬӽס
ҲûϻǰһѶǷţֱӲ𿪿
ֻԽѸԽľϺܿ¶ϲı飬ֱͷЦ
Ҿ˵ѵʵһ⺢ӲĻ˭ģ
ԭղܵĹѽð¿ɽҴˣǲµĸүңԺô⣡
ѸŶӴЦһٴοջʱĿжž˵ɡ
СѾͷ㱣֤˵Ķģ
ջһЦܸҲһţǲģֻҪ֤֪𣿡
ѸԽϲַȥ˼飬Сս
պţѸǹӿϲҲȥˣ̧ͷǰʼɫջ̽㵽ʲôˣΪɶҪң
ջֱӿżɽʲô˲ҪҰֻΪܷҵĵˣֻҪùҲ֡
ѸĿ΢̲סô˵ǳǸģ
ջͷԣҾ뿴һСʹʵⱲӶû취




16.  ˵   Ѹ˻һû뵽

Ѹ˻һû뵽ôСѾͷȻ˼˺һʹʵǱ˻
ЩֻţҲ֪ʲôȱ£˵ôݣҪһӷأ
ѸҲû˵ʲôϻ˵ĺã˵ĵ˾ѣҪܰ⵹ղܵģҪأ
ѸʲôˣӴͷðμëأ˵¶һһ룬Ҳƽ׾ǹʹģ
Ծ˶ԷϸѸʩʩȻߵԶһľ£аջﴽһЦ
ԭҲǱͼһ浱ϵڱˣСѾͷ˿ûаռĵɣռҵıҲͰˣռܵģе㲻˰ɣ
ջȻܵҪЮԼѸˣҲ׼ԶԷһļƣҲûУȻ̬ƽ㲻ôң⹤㲻ôԸܷϾңֻǵʹ޶ԷҪõôˡ
ѸΪ⣬ҿɲƭôңô׷Ź
˵ţԼС˵ܼҵҶܽ
ջЦһǿɲãһܼôŮˣòҪ̫򵥡
Ĳ˵˽ĲܷɲֶֻΣô֪ܼǰһƣ˰ܼ˺סأ
Ѹ¶һ˿ɣּУΪ˺ӾͿһʧʲôԼܷϰԼ£һݣ˵λܸԸðű˴ǵķ顢Ȣ㣬ֱӴѺӱߣ
ⷬѸɫڱѿ֪ľվջȴû׷Źǳָۣݺݲһ
ϾһҽԺڿƲĻʿҪҪλеλأʲôһ仰˵û⺢ӣ㻹ʲôסһӵ𣿡
Ѹˣ׷ջеĳ˴ľϣ﷭ȥջĻĥ˼飬ԽԽܣ־£󾹳һ亹
׻عٿǰʼһ޹ʹջʱȻû֮ǰСѾͷһѵ˼ЩʲԸ˵ĶԣҵȷзĻᣬҪȻùĻң
ջԣЦЦãȻҸܷг𣬵ȻǵжԵ˫ңĻң϶ȶԸ㣡
ѸȻҲѾ뵽㣬˿ĿǰʮСһջʵʵģһץסλᣬԲǸŮа㷭Ŀܣ
ˣ˫Ǵһ£ջҲûٶ˵ʲôܿڽѸӵĿ̹Ȼȥ

ӽѸҳջѾĽʵǰС
лعŷѸ˵ÿһ仰ԼǷ©ĵط
һҪǵܸ²£лᱻܷŪȥԲҪԷһУ
ѸΪ˸Լȡ棬Ȼòܷɻأ
ܷӵеһжԴżҵ֧֣һɽܿͻʧȥУŮ˵˵һ
ջŻͷٰȫһأæ˶ܸ죬Ҳò˶ãܵõԼҪĽ
û߶Զǰһʻ
ϳǰջ˲ĺˮû֪ʵڽѸǰĲݣЩţ
ûϵվˡ
̧ͷտգӭŶůڵ̫ջĴǻһĨЦݡ
ְ֣һҪúõģǸ˺ˣҾԻۣ

ջٻصд͵żˣŮ˿
զȥôʱ䰡ǲɶ˳ģ
ջæҡͷûУ̣ر˳Ҳһ˵ʹӦˣֱӸһһһĸ߼أ
ҲֵùǺһһѽǸ߼ˣ
ջЦⲻϵ𣬻˵õʱ̣ˣһҾͰͷϵⶼ
طҲҺˣµ㸽мҷƷչվһϾɲֿ⣬õģƽʱҲûʲôˣҽȥʱֱӸʱ䶨ãǾȹȥǰźãȻһֽǮһֽȻԼȥ
Ůŵװ׵ģǸˡۣĵŮЩ굽ǳ˶ٿడҪȻôͣզıȴ˻ȫأ
̫̫Ů޲Ů˵ɶɶͷջȴһԴȻǵ̰ɻ˿ռЩ¡޿㻹ûأ
ţѿռЩ¿㡢Ьñͨͨڳ̰һԣ
̿ǰСɽƵһʵްů͵޿㣬ͦ޴º̫̫ЦšЦţȦͺˡ
ûЩö̶Բס㡭Щһֱܿ࡭
ջһԼǵû̫̫ˣŪˣẓ̇˵۲ȥ۾۽ĺӣܿޣְֻϿأҪ֪Ұ˼ǿˣһ۵ġָջȥҲץϹ𣡡
һʱҿˣ˵ıҲһ뻻׶״̧ͷϿյ־ǿɱᣬԼޣɸûϵҪҰָŪߣͲӣ
ջ͡һˣһͨװͰ͵вԼҲЦ
ջԼôһ̵֣˲٣ʱȴ˰Ƕһһһ飡
˵ջ۹ⲻЩĴС̫̫ôһ룬Ե˲٣ջ˵Ǿͷ
̿ʼенŮôһǷŵÿˣܿЦĿ
·ӡñΧ⡢¶ͦʣΨһвЬе㼷ˣ
ͣͻ䣬ػģջռЬӣھЩϽˡ
ջһ¾Ҫȥٻ̵һ˫
̲ɣֱ˵ûϵʹˣջȴ֪˵ĽܲѾͰӲţ
дһ־ȫİٻ̵꣬ջ̵ֱ¥ר·ЬĹ̨һ˫ϲġ
̺óʱûĵطĿĻܣһʱЩۣۻԱΪջڣӡ˫ɫĺЬ
̫̫ӹ˫Ьԣ˵СϽţ
ջͦϲû˵͸˿˫ЬҪëǮĲƱ
һʱЩ᲻ˣקקջڣС˰ɣҪǮҪƱģ̫ˣ
ػûջأԱߵۻԱЦǺȰ̫̫ŮТģ°ɣҪȻǹŮһƬТ
ջȻԱʹͷ̳һԹɵĴŮҲر𽾰ҲͲˡ
Ьջϣ˲ٱ˵ƽƲʵݵб޲˼߼۲ҪƱëߴͻأߵʱȴǴСǵֱ˵Ͳ̵ȥˣ
Ӷ¥ʱջ⵽ԱһŰʽЬĻϿ˺üۡ
ջһʼЩף̵ֱ꣬ȻӦǲˣ





17.     ջԴһҺİֻ֪

ջԴһҺİֻ֪󲮸̺ͰְֵĹϵ䵭СʱְֻʱÿڶϼдšĶҲţǻصĺ٣żҲżһЩɽ
һصľ¡
57괺ʱ򣬸ֳҪũжйѾμӹİְֵʱٻ磬һҲ˳ٰ̽ӵһ˼͸ֳйϢǰź˴
֮ΪƼ£Թ̺ͰְַԼֵܲˣټϱǰһЩìܣºޡԹһ˸飬һְָ֮˱ӣžҳ׿ʼ֡
ӣ뿪һ꣬󲮵Сӻգ֮꣩һֱ65궬ְֳ£̴ðְֵĺ£ֽմң׵ʱһȻ硣ڼ佫ʮʱ䣬ҵĹϵһֱת
ϼҺ̾ͺٸţеļҲû󲮵£ûüһ£Ҳ֪ϼǸʲô
ջԼʱ̣Ҳи׶֪ȥһôദ
Ӱٻ̵Զƣ˸û˵ĵطѶռ˴롣
ۼʱٽ磬ջֱӴȥ˹Ӫ꣬˼òˣһٷʢ͡
˷ĵ£ڱй԰ɢһ˳ԵıůУɱˣ
磬ջͻд󣬾ȥһػ
˫Լãĵ룬ջȰһǧٽ͵ԼָķƷչվɲֿȻ˫һֽǮһֽ
˫֮ͷβôһ˳֮󻹿ԽеڶεĽס
̸׺󣬴ӻǶʱջҵȫ͸Է䡢ĸ㣬˰æȥܸ졣
ȫʮָˣڴӦջ˼ǽ˶
ȥ·ϣջҪ磬ʱ׼˼ȥǾٻ̵껨ʮǮʮŹҵȯһϺ17ֱԺŰҲܷ㲻١
Ȼдջһֱ߰ݸ̿һ߸˼ң׵ʱ䶨ĵǵȥĵ͵طȰ׼á
Ӧֱ˵ŮֱĶԣ˵ǵȥʱȰǲֿɲܽ˷Ůܣ
ջ˵һξҪһǧٽ⣬̫̫ʱе㷢£ָͷ˰죬۾Ҳû
˵˵һǧٽǮզأ
ջֱ֣ſ̶С˵˸֣һ°̫̫סˣ
ϣү⡢ô϶డ
𾪹ǸˣԼˣŮˣСɶֺǺǵģ˷ܾһֱ²ȥϾ˯žˣ
ջֻ취תע󲮵£˳ڸ̴
û뵽һʣ̫̫ϵϲɫ˲ʱ͵ȥջֱãæֿ˵ģ⻰ȥ
ҡҡͷŮ֣̾˿úӣ̣ǰ̲˵ЩΪṣ̌ڼȻ۶ҪȥˣǸ˵
Űѹڴһҵ¸ջ
ԭ̸ոرӵ죬մ󲮼ͳ¡
죬մ󲮷ɽӣڼ￴ҡ
մ󲮵ĳӡջĴøʱ꣬Сر£ܵιԼǷȴóԣǶɻĸĸôСĺӶŶӸ˲ټ˵ſڵĴϣմ󲮺ʹ񵰳ԡ
ĳΪûԶ⺢þͿʼֽŷ飬ˤ
û룬һˤˤ˼׵úõĺӾȻ̱ӣ
մ޵ȥҹǮҪβѴﰤҰ˸ϧֱͽıڡծ̨ӵĲҲûаɫ
޼ƿʩ֮£մ̺ոŶӵӣǸ취û뵽ȴմסˡ
ԭʱոպдŸմ󲮣˵Լڱд˸һ˳ܿܽ顣
մȻԵԼܵܰ˱˵²죬ֵСͺãҲûմôķӦﻹǺܿոܵܵġ
մ֪ӵĲ޵׶ļҽԺ˵ȥ׶ҲûãմʵѾϣˣͲٸܵܺ鷳
ֻմҲϷմ󲮲ϸдţΪմΪάԼֵܣ׶Ӷˣ
ʱմѾӵĲĥԸЩƫ׼ҪȥӣΪպմ󲮳ܡ
ٺոΪ˾մ£մ֪͸ϴӦˡ
©ƫҹ꣬մճܣǵоһڴϣ˾ͺСӣնû
մڶϷֵʱСѾԺˣ
һʧ롢ҽԲ˵ֻǵȺò˲Сӵһֻȴˣ
Ӷجĳѹմӣմһҹʮ꣬ҴԺҲûմ˵
ϼҷЩ£ڱӵ̺ոȫ֪飬ֻմﻹڶԵ¹ڻԲԸմǶϵ
̻ȥ֪һǰʱ
ͬİ·ɣĴӺͶϱٿһ̱һӣһƶϴļңЩӼϴ档
̫̫ջոǰĻͬ¸ĵǣЩкŷ强ǮһܹİٶǮ
뿪ǰմ٣ʣ¶ԭǴÿʮǮĸռңֱջꡣ
ȥӼ̱ŲһٿǮȰմ󲮼һһծָ˵ӪƷ
Щ꣬Ϊ˶Ǯһ˿ֵأÿղǱ֯ǲɽڲҩһǷŲϣڱӹúãһҲΪ˰Ĵһҡ
֮ǰ󲮼ҵծŲ໹ˡ
ջȫû뵽ԭһЩôѣһʱҲЩѹ
δˣǴ󲮱Ͼ̵׶ӣְֵ״磬ֻһջӣ˵ѵʱҲԸȥӰְ֣ɼڴ۰ְֵܵģ
ջ㰲ο̣Ҳ̫ģ˵һҺܿܿྡһ
˵Ȼ˶٣̣ˡָÿ춼ǳԱ㣬ҹԺչ˴һӦò¡
ȴæҡͷһץסջ֣ӣӦ̣⡮ָܣܷʲôڱǰ¶һмҪȻ˵֡ǰӣҲϲۣû
ջеļҧ촽˵ͷ
̻ǲģջ֤֮ųһŮ§̸֪ˣЩһ©ȥǾҪ£ۿɲܷͿ
㱾ǸгϢģڸǿྡԺҲٶˣʡˣй࿴󲮼һ㣬͹ˡ
ס󲮼ҵ£̵£С˸Ϲģ͹˺Լû
ջſ̻һͷһеˮкʪ̵½
ֻԼ֪˵ҪԼġָȥһʱʵǴ˼̽ģ
ʱ˿̣ΪԼһ˲Ķҡеȥ̶İϣٲ˱̸ˡ
ջֽס̣һ߼ȡϵůһ߰ԷԺԲ̶ܹ⡣
һҹ̽ĵ׶һΪ齥ƽͣܿ硣
ջҲ̣˯ø

ڶ賿룬ˣϴһʵʵˡ
ܿ쵽ʮԵʣϵܴ׵¹£Ҳرֵ綼ô
ܿ쵽˷Ʒչվľɲֿ⣬طͦͷֻм˴ǽһЩɢľӡ
ջǶľǿҳһôĿǽϣӿռóһյú͵ƹ档
ԭһƬĲֿʱ
ǵϼҵջһðú͵ơֵͲڿռ˲ú͡û뵽óˡ
ջ⿴һȦڶһ°صǽԱվȻ֣̣ˣվУ
̿˿˴ǽ棬ֿ˿ǽһСƼӣվɶð
ջһЦߵǶľǰ΢һ̧ժԼͷϵñӺΧһ̽ľͷһף˻صú͵ƸָǰǽЦ̣
̶һע⵽ú͵ޣλÿѾֻ̫ܿŮľУһڵһӰӣǰñӺΧϺ󣬿žͺվ˸Ƶģ
һ¾Ů⣬ȵʱԼҲվȥԶԶſɲǶǽվ
˵Ǹð취ʱ͵ԼߵԵöЩأ
̫̫ŮôʱЦĺϲ£죬һĿŮܸɣ
ջˣҲûٶ˵
ⲻŪ飬ʵǾմһң֮ıø̣ô˵ʵ⣬һ




18.  絹ʱһ   ֱѾĵ㡭

ֱ, ѾĵˣջڲֿϸһȷΧûˣȥú͵µĿյһϲ, ͨ, һǧٽ״, ָ֮һϲڵ
һд׵, Լʱ仹жʮ, ջȥǰǽվ, ñΧʵ, ó, ֻôվžͺá
Ů˼, Ȼȫϡ
ջ߿Ƕûɶ, Ͱú͵ϨΧһƬڰ
ԼĪʮӲ, ջֿнŲԽԽȥĸˡ
Щ˽˲ֿ, ջܿ, ȻҲˣæ°ú͵Ƶ
ֻ˺һܴ峵ûȫջ֮ǰҲ
˫ǵһش򽻵Ҳûжຮѣкһջƿϲ¶漴ڻ谵ú͵ȻԵĴ, û鿴
һһ󣬹ȻƷʮ⣬û˵ʹĸǮ
ջӹǮһͰﻢ˰ⶼ̧ſڵİ峵ϡ
ˣǮɣǰҲʮӡ
İµﲻԶ˴һڵʵʵûһӾ͵˼ҡ
˶۳һΪ˳һǰüǮ׬һʣ˶ɣжʱ˳
һԲĺӵǸղſûСǰǽǶվˣ
һϽӻզûأһߡһǶһģһСӼȻզǰأ
͵ǰɶΪ̵ģ˼ǽнȴ˰֪СӲһˣҲսţո˼һҲ˰ˣ
˵ԼֵܣҲѧŵ𶯲͸ߺģ뷹ģⳤⲻԴ𣿡
æͷӦǡ
⣬ӳק°ԼϣʵֱӸѹ˸һģſӲԼŽš

ãǮ׬
СӣһĹ˰

ջҲأĹ˰
һʮԪƱȻ׼ǼĲС
Ǽ鼤¿ɲʹ˵ĵط
̸ֹ£õϵϲջԭαװɡˡľӶŲңֱȷŴҴ뿪
ȳ˾ɲֿ⣬ջҲûѡϻдǹڽ̻һֱ㣬ӪѾţ̳ͣĥ䵽룬Ȼŷд
ͷһΪ˾˳ţƭдֵķԱ˵ԼиסԺԼҪȥæͷΪ˻棬ǷԱŴӦǿš
д䣬غŴȻ˷ܵڴһǮ
̼⣬ջһѣԼǲΣ
ջụ̂һѱס̣߶ҪЩǮȥٻ̵ϲġǰ᲻Ķ飡
ҲҪһ׼ϼЩһ̵ֱǡ
й̺̹ĵˣһ䣡
Ůڶ߶߶İţﻰⶼǶİ⣬вɷһƬỨ
ӣ̽ŵ֮ǰڣʽˡ賿⣬첹ӹɨˬģʽ
뻢ܹδܹ׬ǧǮ֮ǰ׬ǮȥЩӻģʣǧ飡
ջЩǮ㹻̻ˣټϲ𻢸ģڵν׵ʱ˫һˡ
ǱΪѹ߼⼸켸ֻҲȷʵеģÿϧǸˣжӾͳԶ뷹ĵҲʹû
ߵʱ򣬻ջпյʱȥǶһˣ˵ֶȫת棬Ѿнˡ
ջԭҲ֮ǰȥȫһˣܿǻãΪԺ˫ܼϾȫǻˣ粻ͬ⣬ǱǶ˵صС£ȫҲӦ
ջ⣬԰ȥȫʱͷТ磬ұԺ⣬һ⡣
Ⲣջڷܣȷʵ뷨
ŵķ׬ǮҲףȻջеģձȴǰ޿κΣѾر
ȲԱߵĹУúعҵңҲƵϷʧΪһõг
ҪСﳤ󣬶ϤҲܽһЩա
Ҳ뾭ӪûߣΪԺ㡣
ջô¶ҲʮָˣϾͽ˼ӹŪĺ쳦ɻȣȥʡ
еĺ쳦Ͳ˵ˣȫζ
ɻȣǶˣ˽⡣ǽ޹ǺļסгСɻһƳӤȭͷϸȻϹ죬ԺǡҶһѬƶɵʳ
ѬõɻƤŨѬζĲۿɿڣζ㣬ζصɻʳϣڱɫĻϣֵͳһµڲͬĿڸУڱǲ쳦ɫʳ
ջ˵֮ϲæ򻢸л
һˣ˳绻Щҵȯǰٸһ̨뵼Ժȥơ
մӻǶջͿ˵ſڵȫ




19.  絹ʱ   ȫ֪

ȫ, ֪˲ܷ³Ů˱ܼҸ˳ȥҲ!ܼ˻Ż˭ҪǸҰŮˣǾǸܼ, ɱǲ
ȫջ, Ӧ, Ҳû, ԼСæܸ¡
û뵽Ƕҵ, ܼҾֿˣ
һԼﳳ, èӹеİᶼг, ȫķСͶǽ˳˸
ԭܸõ˲ܷ͵͵ҩ֤ݺ, ԼҽԺ, ˴μ, ڵ֪Լȷû󣬻͸ַܷ, һܡ
ʱһֵͦףСʱ, ڴĻ᲻ֳʱ, һͻȻͣˣ
֮󲻹ܸ¡ǲܷϰϰ࣬ϵҲǸ˵ˣһȫȻһƽ˾ӣȫķСΪ֮ǰǳͱһĴһӼϷ
ٺǽѸǳҲ֪ɧŮ˸ܼ˵ʲôܸһĿ£
žƽѣܸٴη, ̬ʮּİѲܷ˼š
ܷҲǱƼˣ֪ôģڶ쾹Ȼܸܵϰĵطˣڸίſקܸµǿޡ󣬰ΧСĶȥˣ
ǣܸ¼¾ͱ˸˾֪
ҲܸµùʡṤӿ죬춼Ҫˣ˵ʱظί÷ʲôϣɲɵľͰѸίſϷ˸ţ
˵ͷдӷĲӸɲܸοǶˣ
ӸίļͷͷϹҲסõܸͣµְ
ܷʯͷԼĽţ˳׾˻ܼҵĿܡ
Ȼ鷢չ˵ȴǸտ˸ͷܸ±ְͣڶ죬ֵҽԺܷ粻ãи֮ͨ/飡
ԭܷΪ˳ɹƭܸ£мƻĹҽԺרŸһҽ֮ΪöԷܣҲһֱβĹϵ
ܷ·ܸ²ҽαٲҽԺҰӣֱӰҽˡ
ҽܲˣܵҽԺҲܷˣҽԺԭеɵܸµģܷѣ֮Ҳ˲ܷ
ȫķС֪£ΪҽûֱȥҲܷ֣ʱ֪ԼɷԷֹϵܸܵ¼ңܸ·Լһѣ
Ա߿ֵĽѸ£֪ǰõͷ˷裬ֺֿٴܼҳΪģ
˵²ţ´ǧܼ²һͱ˾֪
ܸ±Ǹ˲ȱµı׼Сˣƭʮ겻˵˶̵÷ñӣ֪˱治˵ʲôɰﶼýĺܡ
ڲܷǽд۾ǰֻŮ˰˵㣬û뵽λôƵҲ˼ɣԹĺڣȻһ˲һţ
ջҲΪܷĴզ࣬һʼҲֻΪܷǮ¸˵ܸ¼ҽ&zwnj;û뵽Ů˾ȻԼҲܴȥǷˣ
Ҳܸô鵽زģͷнѸ٣ȻûСԷô췭̣Ѹļƿ治Ȳܷ١
Щ޹ˣҪǲܷʧȥĹõһУʹʵ
ŮԸѡ޿³ԼĿѾﵽջٲѱʱ˷Щϡ
ջٴȫʾ˸лȫ֣ŪЩ˼źЦһֱ˵Ժɶ¾;޶ջøůġ
ȫӰµջȥ˰ٻ̵
ҲǸɣڶ¥סͬһֳ¥ĸŮŶ򲼡
ŶģŮ˵ɲɵմӡ
˵Уջ̴֪һմḱ鳤¹ȻˣʳҲһµԶӵ治˵ʲôɱ˵Щˣ
Ӵ⣬Ŷ̶̼һȦ
Ȼ⻹㣬մ²˳ͿʼÿȵģڼˣƷ裬óޣ
˾Ϳʼܣ˵մһػ֣˵ôѧУ椸
ÿ޺Ҫ¥ûסǰһ¥˶ˡ
ŮȫûϳջϾŴ£ͷϴŸߵʱֵñӺëΧǰˣ˳ʼʱĽĿһ֮ûٶע
ջմӵĺֻ΢΢ЦЦֻܿͷѡ̵
ܳԸ˷ʱϡ

磬ջվ˻ԶĻƱڵʱ䲻粻Ȼǳ˵Ʊһһҹĳ̶ʱɲ٣ջ⾪ϲ
ӻվջȥǰչ˵Ǯ
Ǯǰú̿ΰ칫Σǰ;ã˭֪Űͱ˷ΰûþ徣ʵڽ˶
ǮļҲᵽú̿ļú̿½ֳһǶһԶջǷ˷ҶԵط
Ǯ岻ãһֱûȥŮǮȥ˰ࣻһŮջС£óбҵСĶӽ꣬ոСѧ
ĶˣͥĴνСΨһǮĳΪղμӹãõĹֻǮһ룬ܵȴһ쳤ǮĵطԽԽ࣬ҵľ״ۿɼ׾
⼸ԲǮĸջ˸ѣ˵ԼǮǮ˽½ģϼңùǮ塣
ѧСѧ꣬к͸иꡣСѧÿѧڵѧǮÿѧ飬ʮ飻
СѧбҵһѧڲѧһҪ126顣
⻹鱾ѼӷѣСѧÿѧڴԼҪëǮк͸вһ顣
ʵҲȫ˵ѣմӰֻϸѧѣķһŲܣǮ˽
ջǰֱóһʮǮǮĸ˵ԼûǮ
Ǯĸȴգֻ˵ûɷǮջ¡
ջûֻȰǮȻǰ͵͵ε档
û뵽ǮҳյϹͿǮĸǮӺͬ׷˳
ҿʱÿˣܿ͸Ǯĸ˾롣
ջ˳ų󿴣ֻεǮĸһֱվڷУ뿪ķöȥһ統ÿÿǮ뿪ʱԼ

Ǯһջһ£ûʲôǣҡ
һ˯˸̤̤ʵʵĺþ
ڶϣٱ𴲣׼̤ϻ·;




20.     ߵӣд

ߵ, дķ䣬ڹӪ緹ְÿʳһݶڿռ
ռбʹܣڵķŽȥ, óʱһ˿, ÿڳϳԡ
Թ, ˻վ, ŵʮĻ, ǵʱŰ˵չ, ʱ仹硣
ջ͵, ǵʱ·һҸʳſڿ˸Ҷ̯, ̺, ʹȥ򼸸Ҷ
ջҶʱ, ɵļճպһǰһ·
гܵұﭹⷢļճԹ, ټϳ˿ܿǵվǰĽֵ̫࣬ĺ, ͣ½Ų, ²İһĻֿ
ջװҶۻԱ˲ˣŲֱĶıӰۡ
ջҲȤĻͷһۣҲ󰮴֣ԺܿջĿ⣬õĲҶںרŴõı׼ֵȺػվ
߼Ȼۼķ븱ʳб·ڴȻм꣡
ջһ¾ͱ˽Ų, ʱ仹ԣϵĽŲһתһͷǼ
Ȼ֪ǣս겻ãͷѾߵһճȻֵ˻
Ϊϵ˶˲٣ļճ˲Ѷȣ˾Ƿ˷ŽƽͣǼҸʳſڡ
ϺܿžװˣΪ׵˵Ĵһ֮ߵҶ̯ǰǸҶۻԱͬ־ոиſŮҶ㿴ĸ𣿡
ۻԱԷͨŭסŵ˿ڿˮͰ͵áվȥˣ
ۻԱл˵վȥһ³ѵصĸȥ
˶ܿ죬ԭԥòÿȥ˾һɾͱ
ɣͷһȥļճڷֲԣҲŵ˻ͣһ˴ӳͷһɽװɲģ˼˾ͷʣô£ôԼʦأ
˾ȥȥվˡ
˺ɵȥվ˵Ҫȥվʲôô£˵
˾쵼ԲͷˣæͲƵģʦϲ֪ʲôȻʹ³ȥ˻վƣɿѧһͨ
Աߵĸһۣüͷʦ˵Ҫһ·ôִʲôСˣʲô
ĸǱԼͷ˾ÿ۾ȰҪʲôܹǲɣֻҪóһȫϵĻ̬ȣǲʲôü鲻ǣ
ϴ׷ȥ˻վ
һһ·Сܸϵվսңʦ˸š
˼ʦĿһֱ˶Ĺﻹͣһ˲ͷ˾Բ飬ֺõʦ˵ҪһҪҪҰվù㲥Ұɣ
ʦĿһ٣ˣ΢΢У¶һĨЦ鷳ˣҿˡ
ԷҪ˵ʲôֲŲæĽסԷͷѾ׼ȥˣû뵽鷳ԹһˣǱǸ
Щʧ漴ҡͷʦ̫ˣѵһˣĳһֱæȴûϣʵڲ
˵˷ϵĻһͬ뿪˻վ
ٳ֮ʣʦֻͷɫɫĳ˿ͣӥĿٴЩѲһ飬ȴʼûҵ𾪵ףֻεȥ
һȥҴңȴ˲ע⣬˽˵Щ˿϶Ǵ٣㲻Ӳ칤ģ
Ψ˶ɫ԰ףԾ߬½ǡ
զ£ΪɶǸȽ˳ô
̫ˣôô
᲻ᡭ᲻ǡ
һ뵽ܣ̺ȻĿں˭һ˲۵ͷҲܿ߳һ㺹ˮ
Աߵ˺ܿ췢̫̫ԾæΧ˹еɫôôǲĶ
ǾԼһûм
ջ飬ϲ̵ĸϻػվʱ򣬿ľ⸱ɷǶȻϲ֪ˮǺˮΧߣȥҾæ
ջӣʱһţæǰ̣ôˣǲۣʹҽԺ
̿ջͷ˿ڱĨõֹҩڲپôˣ
ֽ̫̫סջ֣ЩеĶȥˣôŻ
ջۡ𣬺ԼʱҪȥ飬ɺۿԲ̣Ҹոȥˡ̣Ҳãżˣ̣۶첻ˣȥҽԺ
ȴһߡ֣һæקסջ
û£ȥҽԺ۽ߣһҪߡˡ
־ǿĹǻҵ걻̴ϼңͰϼҵɽУʱͻȥ
ջͬ⣬̵ðգȥҽԺ
ֻ˵ֻǸղžòջżټվ̫ࡢζãһʱƣϳһͺˣ
ջֲּ̣ɫȷ֮ǰ˲٣ֻõͷӦ
Աߵ˼ûʲô˱ظλʱջ̫̫ʹˣ˼ҵ¡
ջæһһлˡ
Ա߿˵ջʱֻԼΪʲôͻȻǸӣ޷ԭ˵ڣʵԺӡ
ŵʮ˳˻𳵡̳Աͨ˲٣Һůͣһ䣬ټϳ˿ͺ٣ֱȺǿ̫ˡ
ջһ̺ӣִҳһްͷٸСӣöԴΨһһλ˿͵ͬ󣬻Ѵӿ͸
ڴϿŮΪæǰæ
ϸϸŮ˫״ķۣͦıССıǼ⣬ԽԽÿҲԽԽ᲻ã
̲ס߬ģԼҲֻɺϣ˱ͺܶ࣡
ԣͺܶ࣡϶
𣬻𳵻Ȼ󽥽٣ûþͽԶԶ
Ҳܿ˯ˣջСĵҴҴǣ˯ŵԺ˲٣ˣ˿
Ʊ̣Ϊģһֱ̽űߡ
⣬һ𳵣һγôԶţ
Щ˺Ϥɫ뿪ʮĳУĵζһ㸴ӣظɣжδڴҲһ΢ź
ɡ
Լ˵뿪ص̺ͰְֵĵطúÿְֳͳĹ磬꣬˵Ҫ¡
Щ˿ûԵ֣Լ֪Σȥľǹȥˣʱ޷׷أջиҪȥغ





21.     һ»𳵣һӺͷ

ڶŵ, һһҹг̣ڵԶվ
һ»𳵣һӺͷϮÿһ, ջ׼, Ǳֱ˵ĺⶳֱӡ
³ǰѾͷްʱľɰ, , ʵů͵޿, ټӦ, һ㶼䣡
ǿŮһСƵ, ̫̫۲, ŮĴ޺ó, ȴջܾˡ
ʵһҲ, ͷ¡ë¡ë㣬Ȼް޿, ͷ˵Ϊ˲עѰ޲ӣ滹һڳ, Ҳ㹻ʵˣ
Ͼ˵, ﶬ쳤߸£ʮ·ݣҲ¶ʮߡ˶ȣůأȽ£ʮȾǼҳ㷹ʱͻʮҲϡ棡
ջһѾˣҪھʹô࣬ԺŶȥǿɲǺ, ھӦֻҪӦˡϰˣӦⲻɶ¡
̾Ů˵Ҳ̲סӹ̫ôݣɲҪ
̫̫Դ𳵳ϼԽԽɫԽŷջ˶ǿ˵㣬ջĵͬʱеΡ
ܾ̫ģҲýˣȻǡѡ
һϾͿʼȺˣջҲܾɫ
Զλڴ˰뱱֧պɽ¡滷ɽɽϵصɽΡ룬ձ麣β̫ߣڵɽټɽƽɽԲԶԶžſһɽ
ɱСЩɽɽϿƵĲ
յԭʼɭޡɽ䱦ҩʤټвӵĸɡ֧γ˴Ƭӹʪأɽˮ֮£ͳɾǾġӡưҨ㣬Ұɵ
Ｋ˵ϺҲľ޴ս
ټԶĿǰֻ磬ÿɵȻγɵĴ䣬ӣֻһ
ջ仧磬ӣ˿ڼһʮ
ջ̽統˶ղأĻ̵̣ĸҲϱů͵ĵط
ֻ翪ʼ̣ǸСӴ򣬵СˣˡӡˣЩ׼ǱΣֻôΪļҵ뿪
һС־ѡϾĴ˰ԡľΪ
ˣ˵ġӡɴڱشˣҲڣûȥ
ʱԶһƬĵأ̼ڵʯߵҪһʱ䡣
ʮĩ𣬹ҿʼɲӽפɽɽ޵ӪֳԵؽдģ֮½д˷Ĺˡɲ֪֧Ԯ裬ɽ˶ˣԶزſʼ˳Ρ
65ʱ򣬹ʽԶأ68ԶظίԱᡣ
ջԶزĴϣ²˵ǰһëѩܵСȶôߡ
ǵصĴѩһ£ԶɽǣǽֵŸ߸ߡΡݶķݣȫһ㴿İף̫ʱ·һƬλõͯ硣
ѹʵһ롢е򻬵ıѩ˰СʱŵԶؿվ
ջֿվбԹҽԺͻ״ײģק̽ȥ塣
ҽԺģҽԱҲٵÿǿϴź
ϸֺ˺Ż˵˼֢״ƽûЩ
ϸϸһƷЩ֢״ȻȫУ
ϴ˵ⲻ󣬾ƽղ̫ע壬ӪۣЩҪģ̫̫ʳЩ壬һʱɲסټȻļ¡
ȥúϢӪͬʱҪעʳ嵭ӾȶҪܴ̼
ڵҩƷţϴ͸˵άأˣջҲѾˡ
ʵ޵ԼһڱǼ첻ô̳ôʳ첻ȥ飬˻ʱ䣬ż
ҽԺѾʮˣʮһ˵Ŀͳպøˡ
Զصһ˳һˣһˣƽʱ̲ҪСʱϴѩ·ʱλȡ
ƱһëǮһţ˲࣬λӲһ롣
ȵʮ룬ͳ׼ʱջûþ;ԼŶˣ
̾˹λãŮЬˣţѽŷ½£
ջɲ˼ôˣܻСʱƵ̸ţ
ΪתעջͲ̫̫ʷ˳ʱ䡣
һֻʮ˼ҵСʯȻ˵ǡ򡱣ʵǸСׯ
ֳĺ֧ԮԽԽ࣬㡢λֳ˲òһΪڱ֤Լɷǰ£ҲʼϺڹ
ԭտҲʯ򽥽˹硢վԺվѧУȻʩҲǰ㽨ֳϰߣڱտڰֳ
67һֳʽһֱ70꣬Զڰֳһֳ
ȥЩֳֶͳһĳơ硱ֳҲ硣
һϵб仯Ϊĵ˴˼̾ٲȥΪһҪСܺüˡ
γģʽʵһƶȣֳȵɭֹɷҲܵأ˵˾ǡӣһ쵼ӡһصֳͬҲǱصĹ糤
ֳǧƵְɽıشʵٵÿԹ쵼ǶӵĹʮֿɡ
ӵƽɴӸɲ֯ɽľȻ˵ֳǮ͸ƱݣɴӸɲոԳĹַ
ŮǾڼֵأ꼯ָˣʲôأ
ܲײ˵߲ˣҪʱĺãֵס󶹳ʡ
ҲɽɽĢľҩġӣõ绻Ǯá
⣬绹ԱڼҸֳУҲſ࣬Ͼض䣬˲Եȸס
ټϵ٣гԲⶼֳͨҲʵ㵱ص为
̸ջֻ«ĸһֻرƯʺ죬ϵëڵĺڡ׵İףɾˣ
ȥ֮ǰ⼸ֻˡ
ջæս̵֣Сο˼ңȥֻ֤һģһ
Цرġ
˵ЦĳҲôѰСʱʱÿˡ
˳ջĽָͷû֪ˣѩϣܾԼƶϣһʵжûС
ȴȰͣôߣָͷܻܿѪů
ջ̵ĻһʱȻ˲١
絽ɽӵСʱȥֳ·ϺߵʱСʱܵ
Ȼ߰СʱͼӭһиƤĸ׳СԶԶĻкǰ̲





22.  磨һ   ̿ʮָˣ

̿ʮָ, æϵΧǴǰˣ
˫øЩͣ, ӳһԾ, ֺǺǵǰ㰡, ־˵ð춼ŵ, û뵽ŵڶͰˣ
ЦԽôǰǸ԰Ҳ, и
һЦ, תͷժΧЦݵջ, ѽһ, ǲǰö
йջ, ֪˺, մһ
մĸ־ɽӵĴӳҲ־ա־ǿ˵ֵ, ҵѪԵϵһ㣬ƽչϵҲܺá
ջ˵ЩϼҶ־һչ, մǳкøС
ѯ, 磬ǻλɽԺ󶼲ˣ
մʮָˣߺáߺãʡð̵ǣö´䣬׶ˣߣ, ֻҪаմڣ˭۸㣡
ջҲصĳϣԺͿҳˣ
մֱ֡
˫кմæϳԼջװ
ջֱһһϱ֯ǿյģŲҲ֯߿ŹĹңʵǼ£һҲ
֮ô£ҪΪԺռĶʦɡ
ڷմʱ򣬾Ѿѱ֯»Ҳװǵǣմʱһ־͡ѽһ
ѽ̣öⳤúÿ⾢Ҳͦ󰡣һӼһ𣬰ŶѾ⻹һ
ջ̶һۣ͵Ц̻ɷµ氳ʱ󣡡
̺ȻЩֵզ⳵ϳˣզû簡
ѩ󣬶ɽҰ治ƽЩѩǺ󣬱һþѩﶬŶͨߡ
һʵǰͷϳմֱ̾綼аүˣ
̲ˣ⼸ûɽ
մЩεûϣüûˣ
Գһæʲô£ջҲź棬Ա֧Ŷ
ǰͷմһ߸ϳһ߸⼸﷢Ĵ£
ܼ򵥣Ƕĺڱϳ٣ҵĶӲСģһӳ鵽ԱӼСӵϣʱ͸һѪӣ
е⣬ĸӣǰͷŮǡк簮е⺢ӹ߻ˡ
䲻ôһӣСӵֿˣҲСôⲻǣǲӦҪñӳɣ
СƽʱӰԵôһ棬С֣壬ںӶȽԵСҪٺӿۣСӡ
Сڼҵó裬кóԵģҲ˼顣
ôµģгģҲа֣˫ƾУһȥҲ֪˭ȶ֣߾ʹˣ
ҺôǷֵ磬ʱѸԼĺӽߣⳡȺ
ˣ⡢Ҳ˳
ڶɽľʱ㶾ûµ裬֪ԭǸ˶ŵԼҺ˼Ҷӣ˼ҵӵﲻʹ죬ҲҲ
豾Ϊһ¾ˣţǼ⣬һβڶѣֻû뵽ڶЩ˴
죬ɽϸɻһô⵽ʱ򣬺ȻԶԶһ˴Ծ豻ķԼԱߣһתͱ˸⡣
ǲľһߵࡢλʱ򣬺ȻѾ⣬⾪ʧĴһɽȻһżæɽܵӣ
ǵľ˵ĹأɽΪʢ˰Ҷɺɵձܴﵽʮ׵ĸ߶ȣЩŵ˲䣬ֱ֦辺ɣѩ죬ʮΣա
ÿľҪŵһǰضҪķ󺰳Χ֪·ˣⷢΣա
⡰ɽҲнģɽµķ򵹣С˳ɽӭɽµķ򵹣ǾͽСӭɽ
ͨľڷ֮ǰϴ֦ҶǷбԼķжµķ
˳ɽ׶㣬ȫҲɽ°ˣԴᾡľ˳ɽ
ȻҲÿζ⣬ʱȲɽµҲûɽµߵСɽ
ɽһ治Ԥ׻ᵹĸ׶Уһ棬ǡɽҡ
ɶСҡأǱӦõڵϵûأһϣסˣž񡰴һ
֦ҶïĲײһᵼ֦辱ײ۶ϣЩҡҡ׹֦达ͻʮסʮ׵ĸ߿УʱеĿܣ˾ʱУҲˡ
ֻǡҡһЩĸ֦ʱҲ׵ˣʮΣգԵؾͰЩ⵶֦辳
ϣΪɽ һϵеΣգڱرΪһֲףϻ˵ˡɽүϲ
һɤӡɽȻͰŸǺ
Ϊ˱֤ȫɻǸԷɢ˴˼Ҳ˳ľ룬û뵽ͻȻϴţ
ŵصĹأľǲԼľĵطֵģǶɽүĲûˣԾˡ
žʱͿŵĲˣ䲻ôһһûɣɽܣԼڵλãųһ亹æҵƴͷɽȥ
Ϊ̫żŵ״򻬣ˤ˺üͷñӶܶˣҲˤһ顢һ飡
⸱⾰ͣʱΪɲЦ裬Ǹ
ʱҲڲԣͣ½ŲתͷŴ˿Ѿµ㣬ٿ˿˿ǿﻹףԼǽ˵ˣˣʱðҪƿڴͼӳ˻𼱻ǵĸϹˣ
ԭղڸǾ䡰ɽĻ߳£ѿľͶ߸Ϲˣ
û뵽˵ط֪ȱӵˣˣʰأԱһȣɽܣɽˣ
˳һзӦʱͷǰǿԣæѾλȥ
ǲûԶ󡰺¡һ죬ŵǿȻġɽˣһҡˣ

ѽѽ̣˵ʱǿˣҪǺүֵ磬üʱǴǻŲɣûţǡҲǺһˣ
մɤϸߣʹûͷջҲ˿̻һµģ
⣬ܵʱ򻹲㲻ˣһӸѰǶÿ־˰һѣѰŵã
æ˫ֺʮҵϣүӣúӣ㵱ʱŻ˰ɣҺû¡Һû£
ĩˣ̫̫̲ס˾䣺־ûɶ°ɣ
մæû£̣û£ϾͰĸɣǸӲӣҪǺúõ˵ͺ᣿Ҳаүڣʱ͡ժҡˣɶ¶ûҪȻֶأ
νġժҡӦȻǡҡѱǿŵ˳¾ͽСժҡ
˵ףѣҪоȥɾͷġɲǳصģһãҪǱûźãٴγ֡ҡǾͽСҡΣϵҲųɱ




23.  磨   ̸ջڡ

̸ջ, еġүںǱľˣľͷ˳ơү
ǻүŮСӺ, үһ֮²μ˿
Сӱ, үҲʧȥһ첲, ֪զ, ͶһԶ
˼ǿľм, ϵ, Դ, ɽû, ԴҲŷ
үǴӵ, ƽʱզ, ÿɽʱҪԸţȷһʧ
ȻҲΪλү, 尡ͣ, ɽɲͶ˸롯
ĩ, ü㰡̫ˣΪӵ»ֵɽȥˣҪֳ£Ӳûˣ
ǰմͽӻҲˣ찳үɽϡժꡮҡֱűӾͳС£»Ͱ綼ˣ˵Ƕ˶ˣ֪Լڸɶٿ⣡
̵ͷĶ, ǸýǼԣɽô׵ɲЦͷӾͳأɲܺ˰ۣ̾
մЩ̣Ǵû⻹ù㣬һźʺ˰һϹЩˣ
ջԱЩ£ɽ˲أ䲻մ䡰ϡûЦ
Щմ̼ľͬʱٶҲѩмĳӡ⳵ӡߣֿȡ
ûãǰ˸䣬ջǰȻʡ
·ٲһ·洦ɼɽԣһʮƽ̹ȫѾųɶ⡢ɢѷŵȴԭľԶԶţͺһƬľͷĺ
մ˵ǹľǴɽϷľҲ͡
ľʱջͷšմ˵ǹӵĳ
һ⳵ĶĽ񣬶Ҫ۶Ūһ֤첻Էܱ
һ·˵Цܿ쵽ɽӡ
ջڴǰһСϿһȺˣϷСǴֻްҲףͷϴŸֲϵġ׷ñͨ졢ܱ顣
Ҳ濪ģ١ڴ硢ջر˼
Ƚ˴ֵطǱĻҪҼһǰݺľΧɵդԺǽ˰ľդӡ
ÿҷǰһƬ԰ӣȻԺ߸ߵĲ⣬ֻܿĻѩ
ˮŵ˿ǣΧ
ѽˣ
ѽһɣѽѽŮզôأ
ﰡ֪Ǹ·࣬ȥЪŰɣҴţ
һһкǣûԶ͵̼ſڡ
մһԿ׵ݸ̣̣춼ջ𣬽ȥ֮ǰŸ꣬ڽȥ֤Ⱥأ
æлմҪߣ̻˵ǸǸ˲ϣһ͸Ǽȥ
̼ԺҲСԺӾһﳤĲ⣬С䣬Զ洦ɼİ෿
ַľͷܣǽʱĽΪľ壬һв㣬ȻͷϺĲ࣬ľ⻹Ҫһӹ̣ûĨƽ
෿ªůҲãʤȡļ򵥣ס
һľͷӣʲôҲûֻǶ˲ٲ
ǰλûһ䵥ľݣ泯ţרŷĵطؽСַ
ջζĿԺĲãǱѾ˷ţһĺݣ
ӽžǳ˶Сݵءӭһ̨ǰۣһ֧ſڴڶϸһԲεӣ¯ʱҲܺܺõɢȡ
̨붫֮ĸǽпյĻǽǽĻͨÿһ˳ǽ̵һڣܿͺȺˣ޶ȵ̨ջʱ
˽ųĶݣ滹һСݣ϶鲼ƴɵӣȵ硢ܱʱ̴ܽ
СǽϿյӣͷĴֽ߻Ƥһ
̨һ˺üСȵһֻ«ư
ǽҸһŶӣ泶˸ɹɵСײ˺ͱһѡһѵĸˡ
ɲ˵һССü߸ףˮף˸ס̲˸סףͳơסһĲȫָڸס
ջǵ˵̫үүʱһգѰӱڳĻൽܱø˼ҵĸײ඼ǳ˼֮֡
ֻϧ̫үүĶ˭Ҳûѧɻճĸ׹޲ò˾ǲá
ջƿһС߸׸׸ǣĻƹϡܲǣ̵ģžʳ
һͮͮССҧһڣһ֭ˮֱǻֱоͦ
߸հ͵ԵŻظ̲֪ʲôʱѾһˡ
ݵվţȥ͵һȺˣ
ʱմĸչ¯ӵԭﲻ䣬ջղ˻ǽֻºأ
Դ˼Ҿ͸⾫ӣջû֮ǰҽĻæ̣Ҳ䣬ȰɻɣҲѧѧôĴ̨
ֲŮֺǺǵаɣ֣ȿզ
̫̫˵̨һ׳ӣͱ˼£֮ǰչ¯Ҷ˳¯ŵײļϸ©ȥ
ϣͷеӣˣ
˵ţʹӲ﷭鷢׵ƤĶ¯
̽㰡Ƥⶫرգһˣ
ѩأľʪأÿɷһЩƤɹɺ󴢴ɹɺƤᱡ͡մˮҼţȱֽá
⣬ɽϵ֬͸ľΪһ壬ľϲ׸ãʱһƬƬɫͼ·
ؽľΪӣȻȼǽСľƬʱƤһȼǼҼҹӱرĶ
˵ţ¯ﶪƬƤһСӣûһ¯һƬ⣬һҲɢ





24.     ¯ˣջǽС

¯, ջǽиӣװ˲ܲʹУܲͿռŹǸ̰嵭Ӫ
ÿռﻹ˲ٴӹӪĳʳ, ӡǱ, , Źܲһ, ůʡ¡
Ҳú, Ĭ, һܲһŹǡ
ֿ졢, ûùƮŨζ, ʱˮҲܿƮ, ׻һƬ, һƬջ̶ˣ
ȹŹĲʱ, ջŰкõܲƬȥһ
ǰקһǽϹŵĸ, һϸ˿, 档
ջ̰ͣڿռ˲٣ʱæóһƿ˼Σζ˼±ӣЦļۡ
´ϲĿϳԷһųεĿڿ룬ްڿһ, һڵķˣһŴӻ𿻺ͻǽɢϺƺҲûôˡ
ڿһӪζŹܲһݵʰú󣬾Ѿˡ
ջڿͷϣ棬ȴѾеҪڵļˡ
̸߹߶ڵĺ磬Ǽ̫ǰɽˣҹܴﵽ17СʱʲôҲɲˣһѰӡ
̴ݴһˮһѿ֦һͻͻĶݾкջǵﰤ˪ӣˮζãϽݣ
ջֽ϶أһֱط˻أ̫̫һοŮЩʱһ϶û˯ãǵ¡
ջɵİľݵˮôȺˣָһµĿʼݽš
˵ˮͦõģȺĿͷϣֽһ֪ǶҪˣû뵽ôݹ֮Ǵĸо˲ʱ͵˲١
ŮֽŲɣֶһСչӣ⿪Ĳ⣬ڳһɫĸ֬Ϳջֽϡ
̸Ϳ£ͣرãͿϼؾܺãǱӺʵǰģ̭
̵һļӣֲܴڣǸͿҩʱرջůůġ
̣ҲӺⶼĺö׵ģ
Ϳͣջóĵط˿˿ģҪ̿æѿռŵĺޱ˳
֮ǰڱӵʱմӲڼңԼƳġ
ͷ޻˵ģӰٻ̵ĺĵͼֻһ˱߽޻һһ
̰ϧűϺ޵ĵֱ˵ⱲҲûǹôõıӣ
ͷܿˣڿϣϵõļҶõʲô
ʵҲǷҪҪɽ˳ȥһ˲ףԴ֮䶼иĬ˭ҪǳԶţͰæӴЩ
̳ţ֪մһҪջţǸڶ̫̫żϻ˭û¡
ԼҲû뵽һоգŮԸֱӵ˸Ѷ
̫̫ǺˣЩ걻չˣԼС̵ģҲܻرر
ջȻ֧̣ҲмЩĹ̵ˡ
ϲ٣ռﲻ˵ЩǮģ͵ÿ츣ͳò꣬ЩöûͲó
ջ˼ȥһɣ˵ӱӻ֮ǰ˰ְǰĺѣְλѾ쵼ˣŸְյַ꣬ǳͬĴϳǰණ
̾ⲻҲû˻ȥ֤٣ֻҪʱ˵©˾ͳɡ
ãϵõļңÿͶ⡢棬ٰһˮǡ
󲮼ҾͲ˵ˣ׽մңϻҪʵбƲϡƿ׾ƺһǡ
һֱ̺չ˵ү
̸ү޶Ůϲְ֣հְֵͽܵ˼ֻǺְһڶϣʮ;һȥҼԶĵطѧ
үӾðְָѧ׷ľϹأδ̫̣öĺӣҲͲˡ
ְֵѶشʱүҲѹһ֮ʹչ̺ʹһңջҲ˼ꡣ
ϵͨģҪÿ˷һˮǣʱͷһϼڴѾ൱õóˣ
˶ԲߣһʱеסæŷһͷãջҪֵĶ
⣬ӿռóʱʵģΪҪװһ&zwnj;·𳵴ģջĨ˲Σݵһޣʱ֮ǰٴ磬ӦþͿˡ
ú͵æһͨټͷһҲЩˣջȺıܿ˯ˡ
˯ҹݵ¯ûˣջͷǼⶼ쬵ģ̲סʹꡣ
ģģкͷ˼ʲôǹ̾ͱסˣʵۣСèƵĲ˲ޱܿ˯˹ȥ
ٴѹʱѾ˹ݵػԼһ΢죬Ťͷһˣ
æޱʱͷϺȻ¸һԭ̵Χ
ջҹͷ÷ۣҪ̸Χľһ˯ô
ͰԼıӵ÷һԣջް޿㶼Լӵºůջ·ʱ򣬻¶Ⱥģûһ
ʰµأһѾߵˣƿѾ࣬ͷһˣ̲˸׼Ūһ̲˾ԡ
̵ĴŮˣ죬ˢϴˮˣϴϴ
ջʱԼúúüһˣ˵Ҫչ̡̺úأ
ȫǵˣ
ϴջȥ⣬ŷվȻƮѩ
Զԣ컹һƬտŨ죬и˵Сѩ䡢ѩ䡱ԱѩֻҪ𱩷ѩƽʱҪůһ㡣
ȻѾİں˿ҪкջϿԷ
Ьӻûأ˺裬ûǡ
æ룬һȥšһ߶ջˣ
ջæҲ
̴ţһѩһ𴵽һñӡ϶մѩĸվſڡ
ű߷ֻˮͰǲѩˮͰ滹ľǡһ˫űⵣĴΪûףֱѾͨͨġ
ЩнǿվջʱȴһĨϲ
衭⡢ǻɣ
ջ󲮵ĵһ۾;ְֳú
ݵȧǸ߸͹Ҳɣ壬ջǴ˫º͵۾п˰ְֵӰӡ
ǲʱҲһģһ
ʶһջʱλһֱĴ˼׽ǰ󲮣ǻݰɣ
մ󲮼ջ̬ȻȫȻûеĸҡ䵭ʱʢЦݣáãݣ
Ϊ̫ˣͰˮſڣԼűⵣͽš
һԵεվǶɵЦɶ㵹ǰˮﰳȺһûˣ




25.  ˣһ   մԼ򡭡

մԼˮ, æתȥˮԡԣȰˮǵ˵ţ, ͰſͰˮˮ
մæ, ˽˵, ջմʢ, ůůӡ
մæ, ֱ˵ԼѾԹˡ
һԿŮԴһ㲻, ʵر, մĨ, ûֶŮȡͺ, Ťɶ
մ󲮰ѵ, ȻĽӹջݹࡣ
һȥմ󲮶ͷð˺, ϵƤӴסֻ, ¶һĺɫа, ԵԽ
̿ŴӶõҲûֱ̲סԹզ֪ӣ
մ󲮽͵ķǳ棺´ˮʱŪʪˣ˵ż
̵մ󲮺һЦתƻ裬ʵˣǰǻߴŶˣϼǿ, ûҾǡ
̵ͷ˵ˣǰܣǻû־ȰȥôųȥӰǣ
մЩ˼ʵҲǲܸ־鷳û뵽ǵͷү
̿οû£ԺӻţǷ㻹
մٴЦΪЦĿЩϵȻҲԵ˼֡
ջԱ߿ţ֪ΪʲôͻȻ˰ְֳǰһ죬Դָ֯ëʱЦݵӡ
ٿЩܣǵô󲮽ҲʮɣͰְһһ̫ѡ
ݵĿյӣ۵ֻˮͰ룬˺Сݡ
Сݿϣװ⣬׼һֻԱߵǷֺõİˮǡ
ջһֻһ廨Ͷ쳦ϲãŽһֻͰ
ּ֮˴סһСǡǸһñֽõļбƲһëΧЩҲȫϲãһֻͰ
Щ˵󲮼ø־ѧ֡
ϴ˲飬мС飬Сͼࡢ٣øڲϵö֣ܿͼӦҲ
رǴøû߳⣬˵ϲЩͼ鱾ǣ˼СŽͰ
ˮͰӣţһ㶼ʵװ˲ٶ
ҲʡĴ󲮻ȥʱ˿ʱǳҪĿࡣ
æ˸һҵջϴ˰֣׼ˮȥ
Ժй̶ĵطˮ꿪ѩԺڵһɶҲ
ջˮ׼ݣͻȻִվ˸ˣ
ջΪﴮŵģҪкͼſڻ˻ΣԼһתͷˣ
ΪԺӱȽϴ󣬷ͨԺŵԺҲܳԵܵſڵʱѿ˵Ӱˡ
ջЩƣϸ£δӦǸŮҲˡ
һ˼⣬ͲĸŮʱſڣֲ˵Ⱦߡ
Ѿ³˭ˡ
ջ̲ס̾˿
ٽݵʱ򣬴մ󲮽ȥӽŮľմȻΪһŲűߵ£ֲˣҪԼֶŮºʮֺƢմ󲮵˻
յģմⲻҪðֵڵҲ𣿡
У۲ܾôˣֵⱲӾôһŮ
Ʊȥӣ˵ɶҲð⻧ڸҪ
ջݵذ⼸仰һ΢ůæƿӽݣմ󲮵󲮣ԼԸģ̡ǲһˣֻҪܸһˡ
մȴֱüջʱѾ˼֣ϴǳʹ͹ִӲɣ
ӣ㲻ǳﻧڸũ廧ھ£˳ﻧڽ˲ܼ޸ˣԺ󲻹զ㶼ǳԹӦģٻ°󲮲ĿӣʵѰ
ջͷܸܵΪǣҲϿҵ󲮣˼Ҳ֪ãһ
Ұû˰ְ֣뿪̵̡֪ôȫΪҺã˵ʵûİҵߵʵѰ
ʱһֱĽմŮΪסů͵ӡÿѡõķˣһֱڰĸĸߣȫȫǵĹذôԡˣƢǵĸĸԶ뿪
˵ջȦЩ죬ְÿҲܵõɺְܸ˶ԽԽԶЩ꣬ʵ̫Ҳ̫ٴεõְˣصߡصߣԺԿʲҲڣ
Ů˵ЩֻﵶһۣæŮ§ڻԺĶҲߣߣ
մҲò̾˿ϧӣ˼ˣҲǸޣ󲮽֤𿴴ⱲҡûɶͣԺҪ˸۸㣬󲮾ǻҲ
ջصͷˮķЦģãԺʲôһô󲮸ʱɱҷС
մҲЦģӡӣˡ
¶Ҳܵ󲮶Լĵάջرɣ´Լδǣֵ󲮣ҲҵģҺλ˰ְǰһλѣ
λ쵼ܺã˵Ҽ֮ǰһֱչңÿһʱ仹ҼǮϳǰҺ̺öණأǰɣ̣
˵ţ䡣
ϷӦŮ׺õ˵ǣ֮ǰ˵ֻǸδĶҸͷû뵽Ů˵˶ԷᶨڼǮĻΪԺĴһҵĽڣ
̫̫жֺŮܱ¶ҪŪȥ
ջʲôˣһ۾Ϳ̵˼æս˵֣ô۾Ͱ͵˵أǰɡǰɣ
մһûעԼֶŮġֻ˵ºһ˼þϲȷϵ裬°
̿ŮС̾˿ֻúô£ûӦԼнŵģƾɶ˼Ұӣ
˵ֵ꣬մװͰ͵զ㻹ռ˼ұ˰
մһί裬㿴˵ģô룡û˼ǺϼҪôˣԺҲһɽ۲ָ˼ɶôɶ£Ҳиָ·ģǶð
˴ӵ˼Ƶģô˰˵⻰Ϊ󲮣
ΪĴŮˣһ˼ȫΪҰ

ΪһԻմ󲮺ջԲֶԽ׽˼֡
ջٸʢࡢͷԵʱҲپнֶŮֺǺǵĳ˶ٷ
극մ˵ҪȥջøҲأøһմջϰߣͰȥˡ
ջæ˵ȥ󲮼ҿø磡
մԣæֿԼ΢һ£ҡҡͷɡ硣
϶ŵģ˵һ˾ˣҪˣûˣ˼ҾҪ˿ˡ
µĹأ˭ҪǳԶŻǼԶݣƽعϵĶǻ˼һٻ϶ʾ׽





26.  ˣ   ˵һ±Ƶ硭

˵һ±Ƶ, մϻ¶˴Цݣֱ˵˵öԣԼˣһ졢һ춼һ, Ҫ˼ҽȥݾͲˡ
˵˻, մ׼ԼľͰȥʱ, һ־ͷֲԾ, Ͱզˣ
ƿľǿ, һջæְס, ֮ǰ˵, λʱ, λĵĲ˲ٶ, Һ̾Ҳòô, ŷһЩ
ͷϲ, ȥٴ򿪣
մȴòףУ˼Ҹ, Ҫ, ÿͷĶһҲã
ջæ󲮣ʲôġҵģǱһŰɣҲ̵˼
̵ͷŰɣҲֶŮһƬТģ
̫̫ӺͱŮദĺãر㣬̲סּ˾䣺־հ, ֶŮȰӻţǧŽ𹼸ⷬ⡣
﷢˻մҲûƾܣ̫̫ԼĻæӦ
ջմ󲮳ŵʱֶ󲮡ͷĶҪǾɶõģҲţͣ˿˲á
մûŪֶŮ⻰˼ͰʱͰﶫᣬֶŮôΪͷװĿЩֶŮԼ⣬˵ⷬ
æǲܣʳǽҪٲ֪㣬Ǹˣ
ʵʱȫû뵽ĶѹͲΪĴ
ԵؼҲ𿪹ŵϲͷס桢ͲΧһѺöʱ۾ֱˣ
һ˵۾Ҳֱˡ
СһŪЩĲУ⡢ס棬ѽǣǰǡ֣⻹кأǶУ
˵䣬һڽڹ쳦ɶⰡǰ㳦ѽⶫզô㰡
һСѹ쳦̧֣ͷմ󲮵۾Ҳˣ֣Щǰöõģ㲻˵ͷǴ𣿡
ǰ˵ܴʶƣǵʱҲʱղס
ԱߵĴЩɻΪݶ׼ȥҲɶס˽Ų
մȴЩѰû뵽ֶŮǾƮƮġһЩȻôö
⵱󲮵ͷؼֶŮûɶĶҪֶŮģɶ°
ʱѶʰŽˮͰٸֶŮͻȥɸ֣һֱĬĬĴӺȻˡ
֣Щ̺Ͱöͻȥ𣿡
մ󲮵ͷǰֱΪöֻǸװ˵ĳЩ
˵꣬ͿһСеĹ˲Щ̣ǼֵӣӣЩǰѸöģ۲Ҫ
ô˵ȻЩʧǶµĵ˵ͷʵʵĹ쳦ַ˻ȥ
ֻȴ֣ѧѧöЩǰզ˵ģ
մ󲮲ΪɶҪȻ֪һ䲻©İǰ󾭹ѧһ飬ֶŮʱǾ仰Ҳû䡣
꣬Ц֣Щæͻȥ
մʱˣӣ۲ܡ
º͵İ׵֣ģöôһȦʵ㲻Щóʵ۶ģҪ˻ȥǷ˰öģͲˡ
ߣöǾ仰˵Ķԣ̲Ż϶вҪϼ￴ǰѶͻȥ˶ӵģһ¿϶öⲻǰ𣿰öϾԺҪģ
¶˶ҡɫֵ֣ӻţֻҪʱʱŰ̺ͰöͰƽʱ࿴ЩŸɵɶģ۸˰öⲻæŰЩ˻ȥǿ𣿡
绰䣬Ա߲ϸظ֣˵ĶԣԺ϶ᾭȥ̺öҰ֤Ǹɻɶ̭ͦ͸ɶ
մ󲮱СһɤԹ˵ģ᲻˵ֻεСôɤܵ𣡡
תͷһЦǺǵĴӣҲú˵еɻеȥܸоûţ
ʶĿԭվſӣȴûӰ
˸׵Ľᣬ⣺֣Ҫⶫȷţ㲻˵簳̾ʹöµ˵Ҳ١ڸ׼ɽ¼ӣܲץɶٵӱ㣬ðҲҰζ
һҲԱ߽кã԰кãǵóԵģҲðöһۼͳԴ̲˰ɶھȥ׼
Уӣסܵܣ־󲮼ңС磬϶ǰûɳӺɽӣеĻȥҪ㣬۶ɵϣ
ֱͷѽҪ˵ۼҾԹ飬϶⣡УȥС磡
ٳǰֶմ󲮵֣ͱǸ´ﷸϼˣģɶµ찳öͰ˵׼˵ţŤͷܡ
մԽԽö˵еͷУȷöˣٸ˵
ͷû˵ֻǿСʰԵġõġ
Ŀһ԰ŵļСԹʱһ뺰ְ⼸ݸͼųȥĵܵȥֳ˽
֣ȦֻʵĹקˣðͰֻɱˣ




27.     ǡ

Ȧһֻ, ֻĸġֻģҲֵǮĶһƽﵱƵĿš
ĸ̣һ㶼ǰʱɱ, ΪԼҳ, ׵ʱ, ֳ֪Щؼҹ, Լ⡢֮ļĻȥ
֪ǳִ, ǮҪ߳, ﲻ˼ҶԸѶǡ
ϧֳʵеǰ», ֪ƽʱסֳ, һжҪչ涨, ˭Ҳ⿪С
Ҳ׵ʱ, 쵼ǹҵŻһֻ۱һֻۡ
ڲʮѮ, 껹أôɱ򡭡
˻࿴˿, ϶¶Цݡ
ǡ춹ġ
մʰֶŮЩö, ϸñֽŵëΧ
Χɫе񣬵ǿɱҵÿˣ
˼ɫرɾҲģһůͣҲݣǾźãզզá
սΧʶ˴⣬ǵнĹâ˸
˸еı仯ĿٴɨǼС, 
ܾãҲԽԽá

һͷ̼ˣݹţջ󱳾ӣѾͷզôɶ˵ɶ˵
ջһҲۣеЦСʱҲļ£Ǵûʹ
ڿɲЦæһѱסֱۣϴ̣֪ˣ£Ժ֤ģòã
Т˳µĹŮֻ̾ȻǧջһҪסָܣΪδһҾͰԼıŮϡ
ջ̶ܵԼޱ۰ůæ֤ԼԺһСġ
̣ջʱѾ˵ˣƻͷһˡһ붳Լҳԡ
ջ棬ͷֺǺǵ̨ԣһ߿¯ӡһ߿Ůɻ
ջţȴ֮ǰſڿǸŮˣ˳һ䡣
ʵѾ³˶Է˭֤һ¡
Ȼһ£˵ģӦ
ڴ£֮ǰҲջһأʱû˵ջҲֻ֪Щ󲮺ʹѾû˵޹ϵ֪
ջղûϴӦȥ󲮼ң̲סʵ̣ϴӦȥ󲮼ҡǲ´һ᲻ˣ
ΪҲôģû뵽̫̫ȴһ£ҡҡͷ
֪ɶȻ񣬵ⷽûɶ˵ҲԲС۶ˡͷ̫ǿˣ
ţ̾͸˽ͷЩЩĿİ
ջһţ̸֮˰ְǷƼŵ֮⣬ҪԸϲ
ʵǸˣΪǿƣ̫ദ
˵ƢҪСʱ˵
أԼļǻɽ
ǰ˵˴඼ͷЩϱ߹ȥܵɽֵļ֮ˡ
ʱҼҸյ˶һʵģļʱҪѾվסŵͬ˰ģӦļ֮Ӳһ
ؼ˸ʱҲ⣬һУ⣬ԳէؼҲչˣǾľİæһӾ찲
˭֪ؼҲ֪ʲôŷ磬еĸóɶ²ɣŮǴռСˡŪǷǣܶ˺ĺæòлüαˣֱǳһɧ
ʱ䳤ˣ˿͸һӣҲģٲԸǡ
ؼҲûһˣؼҴӵ˾ͺܲʵڿ죬࣬һӵĻȴúãؼ˶ҵĳ
ҾǴĸס
ʱҲʮ꣬ССȴΪ˻Լĸױؼ˴ıˡ
̸üβһ˰̾ǵ걻Լ׵޳ġ
˶ؼĸŮʮͬ飬˼ҵļֲֻ֣ܲܰ͵͵ʳǰæɵ
ѵһֱʮֱ꣬49ˣؼ˾ʱˣڲҪĹطҪټҰؾɵء
ɾʱ򣬴ĸȴΪͳɼһ𡣴ÿչĸףȫû뵽ؼ˾Ȼĳ˯ŵʱ򣬶Ͳصĸףһҹˡ
⻹㣬ߵʱǺĵĵȻͰʯһϹ
ҧŲ˵ʱƻˣĸȴûܼȥҹ
Ů˵֪ԼѾɷڴߴŮʰңȥΪĶʵ̫䡢̫
ʱӵŶæģ⻰ᡣ
˰Ŵﴦĸ׵ĺ£һֱ͵͵ϲĴ̴үѴ׮˵ˡ
ٺҲΪ˱ҲҸҲϲͼ޸˴󲮡
չŵʱ̸ϱϵһ̲᲻ĶţҲͬһ棬ĴмҲʵĶˡ
ʱ䳤ˣ˴ԸĲ쿪ʼ͹ԣʵеֵԸ񣬷²ô棬ֻҪӣУ
෴ӼΪǿϲֳîϣ£漰ʲôˣһܺ˵˾ִ֡
ӱǸ໥ĥϵḶ́ƢٺҲЩСĦοһһԸϱ˴Ը񡢹ĲյìܵĲ
Ǹͣʱ䳤ˣίۣ󲮲֪룬϶һճ˸Ѹȱڡ




28.     һ

, ˣϲʱ޲ðһ͸㣬ˣпһӲ, ɡ
ҲԼŵ, ˵Ϊ, ɶܲˣǵԼ˭ҵϱĸӵ, ɵġһҲ
˵, ŮѾһͷ, ƿ, һԵ, һʪ벼, Ȼټܵ
ջæ, õĴͷһһڡ
ͷϹ¸Ǻù, һ¯𣬲һֵ˵, , ˵ֶŮȥˣզúдզؾզأһ
ջЩƶǶȻˣǸոΪʲôҪܾ󲮣ǵһȥأ
ʵʱ򣬾ͷ̵ͷʱϵЩȻ, ȻЩˡ
֪ԷֻΪݶԼϹϾȴԹ֡ǺԼԼôı䲻־棬ĸо˭ܰɡ
ԷҲصĶϱһӵ޷ԡ
ջãӴ͵͵㿴ҲѾļ
ȻȻ̶̣Իʱһûڴ&zwnj;ڣʧȥҲġ
뵽ջ̲ס߹ȥӣ̵ļͷԼİο
ܵŮģŮֱ
˭ҲûгôţǴ¯ŷ͸ĵ⣬ů
õʱ⣬ʱȻһкڼû
æקŮ̺֦ˣ
߸մţջӭͿһ̫̫һ긾Ůվſڡ
ǸŮһʱ¶һЦѽ仨ƵĿŮǰĴֶŮɣ
Աߵ̫̫ҲЦеͷǿֲŵģ
æջܣֺ󲮵״־󲮵裡д̣
ջæ˼Ҵк̺ãǻ
λ̿űʹ˵㣬һ಼ӣͷϴһԲñʱЦеġ
⺢Ӳģÿ˵Ҳϡ
ֵһԵĸŮû̿أȶջЦðܣԼŮ־һҵģ㺰У
ĸһװ׻ްҲûףͷϵɫΧЦһԴѣС
ǣջҲЦź
˫æкϱݣͷˣһСĹƮһӵİɫˮ
֦ݾ֣˵զôϵŮģǳУó˻ȥ˯һһҲŮˣ
̫̫ЦˣЦҪ̵ˣûΣ
ֱ֦һﲱ谥ۻҪɶΰ㿴ӻզأ
֦е㡰ѿԳӢѣžر
ôһ˵ֵ̫̫ĸˣջҲһ߼ͷһ߸Ц
˶˴ݣ֦Ͱݸ̣ͷлƶ棬аҴ׵Ӻͷʣ
ȴûӣƶţ֪үͷ⾰ãһƶ˲٣ûȥŸԣ
̲ԭЦǺǵҲһ°զŮҪˣһѻӡֻҰȥģɶ֦ӵģͰӸҪƣ͸Ҳţ
̿ЦãУƢ㣡
̼̿ˣ¶Цģתͷջº͵Ӱ㲻֪ģʱ˶ĸϻأ̸չŶǻ˵
͸µզΪϻܳ˰ӣǻզ˵ģ
ջԱе㾽ȵ̣ʵ̵̣ʱ˵ʲôˣ
̾ͦͦɤӣѧʱӡ
ɩ϶ϡҪﲻסˣȷŰȥһéȰ֣ٳ԰вУ
ۣ
ջûסһ¾Ц
Ϸ죬˴һۣû֥ùӵ£Ҳѧ˭ʱûض
ЦֱĿջ۾Ůʱ򷸶¿ɲһͷϰǼ̶ѧ
ջ۾̣̲ס͵֣֦ҲûסЦ
˵Ц˼䣬ӵ£龭üͷʱš˸
СžͲ׽ǣΪǻ٣û뵽ǳ˸۶ƷɲԶˣͷӻʱʱǶһƬι˹
ջ̫үүӣϴ־ĸףջдүү϶ûͳûˣջүү
մĸ̫үүֶӣ길ĸļޣС̫үүҳջ̫үүã缺ջĴүүֵǺĸ鶼ܺá
մĸ׾ôһӣԵүүүүҲմԼֶһ㴦չˡ
ҲЩȻЩ˭Ҳɩ۹ãСӳ£ԼʱɩӾȰ˵ѺиմһοҲû⣬ͳôĿԿҪؼǺôί
̵֦æ룬ⲻ۵ĴմһӺ÷ΣԺ۸ǾˮˮɽҲûˣҲܣͷл˸ȱ²۲ۺ˴۸εܣǿɲɣ
ϱο䣬ְջֻܰɶȻһӸ
˴ûһҪȥջͰ֦Ŀڳͷ׼Ķװ˽ȥͷĶ̫ۣϸĵ˿ֲ
԰װݸ֦˵ҪǼȥûȰ죬ʡ˰£ͷ鲼ͦõģ֦ȥѣ
ϱһ&zwnj;װôöҲһľͲ˵ˣⲼϡǺͰ׾ƣֲֹĶ
ϱһۣ̾üͷ滨ǸɶŪöȥˣúԺԿʲ˰
̿Ҫæ֮ǰŪһװ˳
Ȼ˵֪»Сָ£Ҳ̲͵ˣЩ϶·Ҳ̵˵
ֻǳ˲ϺͰ׾ƣĶ̫̫ã˺˰죬ջۼ⿴ԺҲȥñ˿ãա
˴ϱȺ˼ˣƽʱ̹ϵõĻˡ
ջƷţ̹ϵõ˴ǵҲһĻ֣ҪǹϵͨһЩǼԼһʲô
ԹϵԶһ۾ܿȻҲǾԵģ廹ø֤
ⷬ͡Ϳͣǰǰһææ룬ʱѾҪ׼ˣͣ
ۿɫ磬̹ԺţݾͿʼĶ
Ķܶ࣬мƶײӣԼķоɽסҰζ
һֺڡסػֻɫ֯Ϊرǵغպķ
ͦ˵⡰ĽзԴֵгʵó裬Ҳʵͽƽʱϲɽϵʳѿ۲ݡӺͽ֮ģͷҲСջֻһҲһɡ
ʼ˵ϾǬ¡ʵ۾ͺϲԷ⣬רŰΪ깱Ʒ
ǰͷ˳ɽЩ˵Ҫɽ䣡
̿ŮһֱڰŪǼֻæûԹⶫھ͸ʰ͸ֻ
ջæס̣̣żҪȥүңȰͷϵĻɡ
үӣֲֽ㣬ջ̰Ҫ͹ȥĶֳɵģʱϣүԵʱŹһȾͳˣ㻹ʡ¡
̾Ůⲻ÷õ滹в٣ɴͶүȥ
ͷʣģջһӡ
ռ԰⴦κҪ״̬ڣһ㲻鷳ﻹаײˡˣǺڴĺòϣҲ򵥡
ǣջײˣˣܿϣ֮棬ߦӣӣһƤڵİ˹ҲæһӺ
ȰĹջڶҲţͰѹϣ׼ġ
ڱģһС⿪¹ˢ˲㶹ͷſռﱣһϣóˮˢٺʱ׻͹ⷢ̿һ۾˵ĺã϶úܳʱ䡣
ջͣȻ뽪˿˿ȷ£ȳζٵʵＹⶡһԳ
ۼŹⶡɫջ̰ʢһԼĻƶһ׿ˮȣȻ󵹽С̵Ĵоϣ΢¾ܳˡ
ϲպˣ׸һļɻȱı
亮Ķ϶¶ٵײˡˣ˳ԶûζʱץһѴУðײģмƬܲպŽһԣ&zwnj;ʡˬڣǾ䣺һѴСһŷ벻¿
ջүըһС⽴үӼȿպˣҲֱӾͷӳԣȱĶ㡣
Ϊ˳㣬⽴õ۵Ｙ⣬ÿռⶼָһҵĴⶡջ̳һڣֱ˵ⶡʵſɹ񫡣
ջҲϲ͸һС룬ʣµʢСľװá
ùİҲˣ˰ӡͷʮװţȻСľһװ˱ִӿռóƿƷŵߡ
ջүһϲģҳ棬һʵСӰһɣһо׼׵ˣ
ʱѾĵˣͷֻʣ߻Щ΢ջְѳԲ˵ͷøӶţõԺﶳϣʰһ¾ͳˡ
ǳѩͣˣת죬͹ϣźҹٶԽ
ΪǰããĴѩ¹±㷴һƬǳѩ⣬ѩ߾ҲѾڣ·Ҳ˿Ѿ
ļڴ嶫ͷүȴ쵽ͷˣ̾˳Ůָ˭˭ңļǸռҹϵáģļǲദԺҪעЩġ
ջýζһʱˡ
ȵүңүӴžϣûвţ̾͸ջү´Ųš
ΪӵĹϵүҵԺӲû߼͵˷⡣
Լ͸˵⣬վڴº𣬰־
ջӦܿ췿ű򿪣һͷסӹӲʵյƾͳˡ
ռɩӣ졢죬ݣ
ջ̽ݣͼ˽ȽƷŵűߵľϣһֹֻغ˷ţȻŵк˴ݡ
Ϊ˳û𿻺ͻǽݲֶ࣬ǽݵأȻɻǽΧŻǽٷݡСݡ
үҴݸҴݲĳҲܼͬ򵥣˵ǽԵĶǽϹŵһǹ
үӿҪԷϰһײһС̲ˣ࿴ûôںð
̾Цǲųϣãүүк
ջæǰү˺á
үƷڿϣ࣬æ̧ͷӦ
ɩӣϾ־˵ǻˣɶʱ򿴿⺢ӣ벻Ͱˣ
˵գүӾͽŵƹϸϸջһ֮ЦǺǵתͷ̵ɩӣ⺢и֮ˣⱲӵĿòˣԺҪඣ
һ¶ϲɫ壬ǿͽļˣԺҪˣҲ㣡
үˬһЦǸˣɩӣ˵ˣɾ͵ŽĹˡ
ЦɶⲻģЩ꣬ûٰİǹ¶ĸģûᣬϵڱð˺ˣͼˣ˼ҵĻ׸𣡡
˵ţŮӷ£İ׾ơʳһһϰڡ
үһֱֻſԭȥӵѹûע⵽ջ󻹱Ÿ𣬵ȷӦͼϷƵģգ۸һӵĺý
˽һľ飬ضүʣͲƵİ˵Ľֱóˡ
үҲһû룬ֻǾ̲ðЩ桢ɶ͸һͷӳԣӦӲŶԡ
ô˵ջǷүӶƿһİ֡
ջͶᣬһİүȳ
ջ󷽹ɵЦүûþܾӹǰֵİӽʵʵҧһڣ
룬ڶģ
ˬ࿪θ㱧ţʵϣһȥǶͣ˲ͷˣ




29.  ˣ   һ

үĴ, ֪ΪɶȴͬҲ淹ӡ
Ӳ˵ģҲȴһ˫, 淹ó, ȭͷͷ, һܳ߰˸
ŵƹСɰˮջ, ԽԽϲ, ҪӺĹŮ, ﱲҲôˡ
үү, ô԰ǲӲĿζ
үŰӵһ, Ȼع
ǰһе, æЦóԡó, ƤڴĺܣɺþûôóԵİˣ
˭, æ˵Ů֣үӾͿջܸɡ
һ˵, һ߰ʣµİڶ, ϲ
үŮֵÿ˻ϻǫ㣬壬ɲô䣡ǰ桢ģ˭
үԼ˵ڶӣȴҡͷɩӣɲô£⡮ó͡úá£ܸɾ͵ÿ䣡
˵, ŵڶӣӼһ⽴ⶡ˵˼䡰á
ôһӺүӲķ¿ӡ
˿ջߵұϣŵһڴӴ򿪣һҺóһС첼
첼ŵϣСĴ򿪣ܿ¶һӤȭͷ
үתͽݸջúӣͷүүҲûɶĶɫȥɣ
ջû뵽үóôصĶ˵˭ҲҴⶫ갤ǻֵǮ⼸ȫʳճȶѾ𲽻ָյļֵ
үʮ㣬ôڵƹ»Ҳ£ֵǮջȻա
Ҳæ壬ǸɶЩչССһӣֻǻҲûٵģ⺢ТӦõģҪ񣬰ţΪǲ㵱ˣǸ˼ͳɣԲӦ
үɣһҪջţȴҪ
ջҲ˵̫أá
˫ü䣬ͷˡ顱š
үүûɣ
ͳöȴЩһΪ¡
үæӦ
˵ţͰͬǿ첼ɷ˵ջӣүүšţ
תͷ̵ֶ޼СҰɶ£ɩȸһȥ
ֻߵһ룬ͷջѾͷкŪҪǰ֪Ѷ͵͵£ǰͲ͵Ķˣ
ջʱеЦãۼүӳȥˣԼ̣εǾŰɡүүƢ˵һ
ջͷú첼ϸãŽ¶
ʱǰѾݣݵضү˵˾䡰үүСﲻˣ
ݵغʹݾ͸һӣݵ˵ҲС
ʱüͷջС޼ҵСˡ
ûջСʲôˣүʶԷɶʱ򲻼ģ
Է˵ǳԷʱûݣΪȥéˣҲûȥŷԺӴűˣ˾ôܳȥˣ
˵Ȼﻹй¶˼кͲȻʧ˼Ϊġ
ջţĪССǸСӣ
߻䣬̾޼ҵĹŮܶˣ̳ȥۿܲܰæ
ջ֪²Ƕʵʱæ˵ͷ𱳿̳˴ݡ
ݵأүοˣֻһƣռҲˣ̿ȵ˵޼СŮˣסˣ
ջ󣬵һۿһ߸ݵıӰ̵عͷʱջʱǰһ
ǸСӣʮͷģӺܸߣϵ¿кܶಹǼɹӻԶһأ﷢˿üͷɫҲá
ˣȥɼΪӢŨüͦǣ۾ѵõĺò
Ҳû뵽ﻹпˣͷջʱһ¡
̸үкͶӣǲҪˣһң
ɷӦæ̣ллˣͷ캮ضģͱȥˡ
үҲ˵Ķԣɩӣ㲻ܳȥ۲һûšٴһ
ô˵ҲԼңֻա
үֶɵӣ𼱣ͰѴ룬Ȼͷȥңڴ飬ǰɽļ·ң
ӣҲ˵֪ԼȥʱҲøǱŶߣҲù˺үģүү֤˸һ
˵꣬ݳǽϹҵǰǹкͳȥ֯ȥˡ
ҲҪȻؼң̱ӣҪɶҪæģǧ֨һ
ԷлҴˡ
ֻʣ̰Ű￻ϵĳʳʰ£үغ÷ţʹջȥˡ
·ϣ̾͸ջ޼ҵ¡
޼Ӧɽ˼ңôⷨأ
˵ǰǹǵʱ𣬼￪Ŵ󹤳رǮҲΪʵ˼ң˵ǵҲ͵͵ṩսʣȹ¹ߡ
ǰǳ޴ĸ/籩ǰϦ޼ҵļɵүүԤеΣɺ͵ʱ׵һи˺ǵүǰź·ߴ˱ϣںеһʱ䡣
޼үү࣬ɵ׳һ˻ûȵطͱ˷ܼƻҲûȥɣɵүֻ֮øĵĵطء
үμӿʱԵɺϱɵүȹһ˾꽻鲻&zwnj;ɵүүƷŵùͶ·֮ʱðչͶ
ֻûɽôƫԶĵطһ·ֻܿûнţҵõꡢдͶޣֻٵĵطߣôһ·زأ汻ײҵʱճõԶأ˳ҵү
ү˽ǰˣֻ˵ԼͶڴߣүʱ򲡵Ĳݵݣʵڿ˾ʹûɹ
֪֮ôΪү仧ȫ־󲮾֣޼˵үһҲû
־һҶ֪޼ҵ£ŵụ̀˽°Ҳ
СջҲûߣҲûɶ´ͷһ亮ģ˶֪զ˭˼Щ£
˵үҲͦģӵү·˺˲һͿԵ²˵ء
̱˵̾ӵãǽܶСΪʱʱ̫Сһ·˾ţ궼ʮˣҲ˵ү͸磬˭ҲϵáȫһţҲѰ
쵽ҵʱջӵĺ͹ͷＸѾ˻ѣӦүֿʼˡ
үӣ̿ŲԶĵ⣬૵ǧǺӱ£ôܾҵ
ȵ˼ңԺţߵǰʱջȻǰյԭͷӵĴľ豻ƷˣĳʳȻȫˣ
£ŰŵĳϾֻʣһտҲĸӣ
ջĿһɨǵ&zwnj;ʱ򣬵жЩԵģ¸Ͽһľ費գѹһʯͷʮĴʯͷȴֱӶ˼׿⣬ʲôô󾢶
ͻȻ




30.  ֮͡   ΪҪţԡ

ΪҪ, ΢ŮһҲܿ췢Ժ״ѽһæȥ鿴ǸӺľ, ôͷͰһҲʣ, ۡ, ĻƤ, ˣ
ֻ, ȻŮĲԾ, ˳ŮĿ⿴ǿ߰ԶĴʯͷʱ, ɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
æ¿, ¹, ѩһƬӨ, ûʲôͶﴳĺۼ˿
ɺܿ, ѵɶˣ
ߵʱźͲַ, ԺΪû, ֻˣѹû뵽˽ϾɽؽҲû˵˭ֹ
µǼҪ治ȫˣˮĴŮ᲻Σգ
ջҲڵģһһ٣ʵûɶսڶϻ˵úá͵ǡ, һӦô죿
һۣжһĨǡ
ǡڴʱӶߵĲͻȻһ󡰸O@žҹԣһ飡
ߵĲǼ˼ֻ«ȥӽջǰһ죬ŰѼֻ
̿ſտյܣ˲õĲ𣬳˲ӡ
ջǵðȥ汧ʱ򣬻ԱʣµĲݵ桢ɲţ̶ûӡ
˵Ŀռ䲻󣬵ӲҪȥɶҲǼ£
ϧſϹ˸ѩĲӣʵջҲֻܿ²⡣
̱һƣ¿˿һŰѳѩľƣͷǶľȻ˵㣬ľֳִҲã˹
ִӿռóһֵͲ̣ȱȻ£ųӵСָָ
⣬ӹֵͲĴָмĿϣʱ򿪵׼
ջԼ⣬ŷ˽Ųһһǲȥ
øǰͷġO@Խԣվ࿿λãԼǰͷȻľƣסӱԵͷ̣ȷ׼ˣһһƣ
ץʱ䣬ֵͲȥ
ջļƻǰȽҿſڵĲӣ̶ͷֵͲǶﻹˣӦ˺ڰ䲻ǿ䣬˲ʧУΪջȡһϢʱ䣬һӦ
Ů˼ĬȻԭڶĲͷһжʱŲһСţȴɵˣ
һֻʮһСССһţǶѸɲϣﻹ߰˸ͷ˯㣡
Ǿ䣬С˯òʵʶɲݶＷһ󡰸O@šţһѾʵ˵İͷ๾ࡱǰ
ջ
ʱԱߵ̺ȻѽһһĴȵⲻСզˣ
˿ջ˵ллأۼⲻǽɶˣ޼ҵСۼˣ
ջĴʯͷҲ˵أô˵⡰͵ͷȲǵĻˣҲʲôҰޣȻʧ˼ͷӣоգ
ϳ˶Էʧ޼ҹŮҪȥСﺰѣæջס
̣Ҽǵ˵⣬ۻȱóȻţȥ֪ͨүүǹ
үү˵Ҳ˳żɽ·ɽңҹɽ̫ΣˣǼҲգøϽ֪ͨһ
æ˵ȥջڼҡ
ջһԼȷʵûô·Ҫǵ¸鷳ʹӦ¡
̳ţջСͰ֮ǰɿõСóϡ
ּﱧŵļͷѶ˱ӣôſ϶ԽԽ䣬ó˭֪Ŷһ£Сĸһˣ
ջɱСٿЩʳ̾˿ֻˡ
ϸСӸǺãҪҪһʱȻʲôطԾ
ƿСӣһСﻳͷ߸̽ǰһ֮ǰСﻳģǰ˸
ִֵͲңȷһҲûУ
С˯̲ͦסڶԷµĲݶҲʲôҲûҵ
ջǵٳŶһͷӣһԼжʮߡ˸
Ȼȴֻʣ˰˸ͷ
ٵЩòᶼС˰ɣ
ջЩ˼飬ԼͷӣÿһСͷСʵĺܣүӾ˵ˣСʮһܳԵôͷӣ⻹óŻ˰
ʵе޷ţЩģֻ÷Ѳ˼飬ȷǲǻʲô©ͷӡ
أųȥûһ̾ʹү־ˡ
̸ջҲǸɣһţڶͷƬ˵ү־մү
һ˵޼Сңү͸Ͻôתһ˵ҵˣдԻȥ
ջүԿߴĺӣ⻹һμ־󲮣æǰʺá
־ջ¶Цģе࣬һЦرˬʣ˾÷С
򵥴кү־󲮾ֱӣүŻգСϸǵСӣﰵͷҲûóȻ˽ѡ
⺢ӵĲǴӾģ˵۶ˣԻѾͷǵĶԣȱ˾ˣղѾôȥ޼ҳˣһ˾ܵ
־ŵ˵ͷ
̾˵һȴү־ܾˡ
˼ҵĹŮڲﶳأǴҪʱ򶼽ˣ˼ҳ˿˵ҪñŤʱա
ջҲֱģСﵽ׳ûôණ
ܾʱδеҪ˼⳥˼ɲµ£ϾʳջָǼ꣬ʱ˵ڹȼ֮󣬵ʳ㲻ܲ˴ͳԣĴš
¿ɴСջ˼ǰ¸˵ˡ
˵꣬̾ɫ䣬ȻҲǵĻ£ү־ȴ¶εɫ
ջΪԼҪ޼⳥æ͵үү־󲮣ûб˼ǵĳôණܲˡҲпŪˣ˵ʲôİͷˡ
үȴ̾˿ҡͷӣģɶ˼ҲûŪٵЩȷʵǽѾͷˣҲһˣ
ջһ¶ȡ
־ڣ޼ѾͷܳԣһܶġүǵķҲǱССģĶһֻɾˡ
ջ룬ĪǾ񻰹
̾͵°ֻ֪޼СŮϵˣ첻ݣûô󾢶ⲻǺ𣿡
־Ц˼Ǻ£ǼҾˣѾͷ󲻼٣Ҳ̫ܳˣӼﻹиү⸺ذ
в˵ëһþôľ˭סӲݣһ߶ˣһҲⷽĹǣȥ˻¡
һҲɸ̾ǰ֪£̫ˡСѾͷҲǿ
ô˵־Цô룬ͨҪڱָҪѾͷɶģԳӲŲԸô֪С¡
̺ջæʾ˵ȥ
ջ̵֣Ȼ۳Ǹͺͺĸӡ
Ů˼ЦеսŮ̵֣ţŮ۶ãզôأ
˵䣬մɼҴҸˡ
ɼ̺ջԴǳϿҵĵл
̿񽹼æ˵ӣôϽã
ɵͷæָ½˲
ջںæֵͲԷмһƳ
ɽ˰ŰСѣջں濴Сһ˫۾ֺʮƯ
Сϵø磬ѺҲû֣һ͹ԹԵ˹ȥ
һϵıӵﶳðӲͷҲ䡢ǣ
ԭСһһ㳯Щͷ˹ȥ
С
ɸæȥסãõֱۣͱԷ˳ȥջ÷Сһӣֱ˺˺ü顱һײ˲ϣ
ôľѹǰѹľʯᱻԵ߰Զ⺢˵һƲ£
ӣ
մȥһѣȴɰ־ܾû£
෢۵ĺ󱳣εطССȶȫҺɣ
˵ţߵСǰӣСĺȰСⲻ۵ģ۲ãȥóԵģòã
СȴҡҡͷȻŬİͷ§ϧ˵ͷԲֹ⣬סҪôŬܰеͷ§סԽ
վſڣοһڵƴͷСﶼе㲻ܡ
æӣͼͷСϲŰɣ
ȴף£İͷ˭ܲϲǼڵҲⲻЩͷ
ҡͷл̣׼źûȥ۽ȴͻȻƳʳ
뵽֮ǰѾԵ˼ҺܶණõʳҪſ˳ԵĻͷʮҲԵ£
뵽ܵ˲ʱ˴ǣΪסеͷãȭͷͻȻߵСﱳ󲱾һǡ
һֿ졢׼Сſڵء
ٶȫҵϣմ̲סӣǸɶ
Ҳ˵ӣǼͷû£ο
ɰñ̾һһṆ̀ĺףһһ룬СѾˣҲë
ԵЩͷһȥһ취컹ģ
̻˵ʲôջȴᳶ˳̵䣬΢΢ҡҡͷ
óԷǸĺǿˣδԸİ
ԱүʱҲɩӣ˵Ķԣɶ¶ýզ¡զ£⺢зִ磬İɣ
ʱҲˣӾ͸Ͻӻؼңʡүǣ
ٴ˱˸лűôҴ뿪
ջ룬ǰС׷ȥ
ղŸСǱʱͷСﴩĺܵʹ绳һ·ȥҲһ䡣
Էûоܾջлл㣬ա
ջ
Էԥһ£Ҳ˾䣺ɡ
ջ󷽷ĵͷá
á
򵥵ĶԻ໥/ͷȻԻؼҡ
ȴ֪Ϊʲôһ·ǲԽĻ𷽲Է˵仰ʱ龰
ôʱʱصȴүڴķ
һæ˹ȥ
үôˣӻûأ
Сһˣ޼ү˲ϻشĿ⼱СŮ˫Ŀգæһ׷ʣӣСôˣεˣ
ҡͷûµģүȽݣҸϸ˵
Ƚɰ÷ڿϣתͷͰҵõľԼִõ¶˵һ顣
޼ү̾˿Ҳû취£ӣү㣬ָүүʹ鷳ˣǷռôྫϸʳ
˵꣬үӺȻҿæǰߵ󱳣һḧؿڣֱ˺һ޼үŻ
ɿүӣܣ̲סүĲٵˣǰЩ
У
˵꣬޼үͼĻ
ɶԲУүˣҲ׼ЩƫһǲףүðգߣΪڣүүմ嶼ķգǲô˽ֻԼǰ
үٴοæͷϴԲүǷˣ
޼ү˿̲ס֣طƧģЩҲûضǸӣүȷжϡ
ɶЩܻа취ģǷ˵ĶʳҲáҲգֻҪƽƽȥлһ죬ҪԼ𣿡
ٴ˵ͷ׵ģүģԺ󲻻嶯Ҳἱ꣬Щһ취
޼үοһЦһ˲ŵʵ˵Ǽٵģ
ǱԼڵЩ²סƾ⺢ӵĴϻۡͣﲻܷһƬأ
²ҲЩȻ

ռңɴС뿪ү־մүҲû
ߵʱ־̺ջ˵Ǽ̡֦ȥԺ󶼲סڵĿջүүҲر뿴ܹܲȥԶٷ
ȻܾܾԼõڶ͹ȥ
ˣ¹ڰ̰Ѳİ˸ͷѩ˴꣬ŵַ涫Ĵˮ
ݺ̲סŮ캮ضģͷӰСʱͶӲˣСզôõʱͽأ
ĪǸǽǰźզ֪Ժﶳ˳Եأܲζ˰ɣ
ջҲЩ벻ףֻ˵ҲǸɡ
ʱ˭Ҳû뵽ѹûôɺϣǵԺʱҪӭһλӼġ֮͡




31.     ڶǸ죬޷ƣ졭

ڶǸ, ޷ƣտտģ˵˶ӹ֣ǿŰѩؾͷ߽̫, ر
˴, ͷ, һ, ջ˼̲˰˸Сˡ
õĻƹϡǡͺܲˮϴη, ˱ȽӲĺܲ, ˺С, մȾ
һϸа, , ܼ, ΢һ裬ļƷ
¿, ͷմ󲮵ĺ裬, ûˣ
ջæȥ, ֻ󲮻һͰˮ󻹸һݵСӡ
Сһջ¶һЦݣĵǰö㳤ÿǸɶ磡
ܴ󣬼ںջ֪Ҳû⣬ЦĴ, ǻɼ
öЦԽˣҲԾθߣöֲã°̫֣Ъã
ջæûе£Ҳأ
æ˵ջȥģԴȥ˵Ҫȥ棡
ջҲЦŴӦرģĸ߸ߵģ۾ҲģǱջĸ磬Сܵܡ
Ամ󲮺üקקעСҡͷסˡ
ѵСһؼһ㲻֣αʱǸģӡ
մ󲮸Ҳȥ޼ҺȥˣǱ䵽ˣûҶ೤ʱ䣬˵ҵˣһ̼ҵġ
մ󲮾ү־˶˵Ѿˣ˵ûɶ£մµֶŮϢʹٹһֱҲһˡ
ȽݣʹӺ󱳽һֺǺǵ̣öðֻʵɱˣˣ
ǰźһֻȣɱģ
̿ſǷ۵ĴȺţ̲ס͸ɱˣҪǮ𣿡
ջ˵󲮼ҵǷµծŻ壬ҲûɶĶ˵ɽ˼ҲΪͰɱˣ׵϶Ҫۿۡ
մ̵ģæҲһֻ찳ˣ˵Ϳ۴ɽľĻֱӸɵµˣҿʱܽɽ㶫ЩܻǮۼĶˣԺ󰳶ɵ㣬Ͷˡ
˵ţմ󲮿˿ԱߵջЩСԹƵĶ̵裬զװЩ˼Ҹǵ㶫ⶼɰǼҵˣɲУǲ㣬զҲðѶûȥһ롣
ջæ󲮣ɱԩ̣ЩģͳȥĶõĵҪǲϺúţҺҲˣҲȥǶˣǷֵô
ջ˵Ż΢΢ղŵĻһΪˣּѽǿɲУöۼ֣Ҳǵģö˵զզ£㶼öˣ
Ҳ漴ԼҴһۡ
մʱЩЦãզģĴˣֻò⻰ˡ
ջһСᣬװǰһıҰջʡ
үٳ֮ʣմ󲮻һֺõĸջ󲮻ץأ
ջֱЦǴ󲮣ԺҪѶͻĻˣҪȻҾȥҲֻײˣҲ⣡
մһεı飬ǿջĿȴ˴Ȱ
ȴүˣ׼źȶ翪æջס̣ȱ𶯡
̲⣬ΪԼ֮ǰʴӵĻŮˣæģ̲󲮰ɱ˸̾ûƻϹ죬ֻҪУ۸óԾͳԣ̸
ˣջ֪ﻹǲĵģи⣬˵һá
ſ̶С˵˼䣬۾һ
𣿡
ջģôУҲҪӵǮĸҼЩֳɵѡʱǸǮʱֻ˵ǴЩ⡢͸˵Щ֪һǲỳɵģ
̾ǲָмŮŷĲԼҴӣ̲ססŮֱ֣ۡ۾һذлл㣡
ջЦҡͷЩֵԴ
̰Ů˵İźãӣŴӹҺãմҲ˵ѶǮȹӼĶʱ棬ŸŮԡ
æţջоµһҰ
Ұ֣һֽгӣһֽɽӣֲʵϳӲɽҲȫһ
һֺںԲԲСӣֻŻƶô󣬾˪ƤеͰۣͣҲϻƶˣһҧȥѵ
ȱܶ࣬ջһھͱСڹˣ
¡ȻԵдζĶͬҲݲһһͣ
˵ɽӣȳӻСһ㣬ûѣɫкɫǳ͸ƵġҰҲһҪ˪Żȥɬζûгô滹һ㵭ᣬջص㣬ζС㾦ĸо
Ʒšţһûסæݵʱ򣬾ͷŮѾԹ˰Сӣһ̧ͷ촽ֱóȾںһƬŵ̫̫ϽˣⶫɲôԷ
ۿŵˣȥ־󲮼ˣ˵ȥԷҲòŵȥʰʰͳˡ
Ѿ˲ٶǵһȥ˼Ҳÿջ˷ռ䣬ӴҳġһǺиͣ˵Щ͹ˣٶ¶ˡ
쵽طǰ̻ջ˵־󲮼ǹվܵôߣ⹷ȻףͦҧԼˣʱ¡
˵Ż͵־󲮼ңҪֻ󹷣ջеţɽȽԺӣ߹Զ۳ŶҪſˣҲûһֻ
ջأͼšžһƿһʮС̽ͷǾͺ裬̴ˣ
һɤӣСͱıĴֻ۾Ŀջ̵̣𣿡
֣̾ղŲô𣿡
䣬ٴαƿ̡־󲮺֦˶ˣ
ֺ֦ǺǵѾͷ۾⣬ղſ˺üҲûϿݣ
̾ʹȤǲˣ㵹ã⻰Ӱˣɾ͸סǼˣ
֦ﲻ¶æ˵סǼҺðϲ˶֣
˵ţһջ§ڻ˵ҪôÿĹŮסǼңŮǰɲζЦѰ
̾ЦС㻹֪㣬ѰҲקϣûô̰ĵģİСԺ󲻴㣡
СǸСԹ̾˿̣㲻֪ʵɽģ˵ɶʱһְѰͻȥˣ
⻰ѴҶˣС簡ɷģǰԼҲ˵ģ
ҲСһƣûһģ˭˭ġСĶһ
̫̫ŶϱŮ۰
ջԱ߿ЩĽͬáĸТ֣֮ÿﶼм
˵Ц˼䣬־󲮾кݡ
̿õĶְ
զö˵ǲǳһ˼Žɽˣ㣬ôҪˣ
ĵɲǼɽ
滰Ȼ˵ǺԼɩӣ˵ģǰΪöòɸ㰡ⶫЩǧȥ԰ڣñ֪ҰҪòڶ
бһۣ͵ģɲǻ°ϻʱˣ˵꣬ԼҲ͡һ
һȽ˶ߴݣһ׷ԲԵŹչڿϣվ
ջүү
ջæǰʺãүүãǻ
үүͷúӣ
˼һкջȥһִӻһֽݸ
ջתͷ̣ȴ֮ǰڵӣọ́ţĹأ
ջԱߵͷɵĽӹ˴үүĺ
ллүү
үү˵ͷ˳ϸϸĶ
˵۾ЩǣĿܴ飬ôϸĿջ·͸ٿһˡ
ﾲĵģ˭Ҳû˵ֱ˵۽ǿʼ죬ջԼĿ⣬Ȼջ˰֣ԼһŹչ˳ȥ
־ȥһѣȴһקסˡ
̫̫̾˿ȥԼ
е㲻֪ջ԰£ӣģүүֺүүˣȥϷоʶС縸үүĵ⼸ܵܰ
ջһ¾˴үүΪʲôķӦ
Ա֦Ҳ̵Ͱڱӵһѧ־һֱﲻʹ죡С˵үһֱôǽţһûۡ
̾̾˿
ЩͳǴȵˣȥ¶ᡢˣԺֺǺǵľͳɣ
֦ȥݵذ۴ӣ
֦æ͵Զԣ۰ӣ֮ǰͰڶˣڶģŸհ־ֵָü⣬ٲܲܲڶģ
̾͵ͷܲںãתͷⶺ̣滨ǵڶ㰮ԣרŰڶԼ͵Ǻɶģö⣬ʱרǴǺŵĳԣ
̿ЦãɣѰɶˣ
ôһ֣ʱ
̾˳զûֵ
־󲮺֦һӣϴմ϶С磬СҲǸкСʮꡣ
Ǹ־ΣմɽȥˣСһ͸һСȥˣֵܣҲżҡ
̲ӣ̲סǱ⣺ǺӾ͸СƵģǾ͵ˤ򣬾紵ɹǲܳúأ㿴˭ǳģ
־󲮱Լҭһ仰Ҳ˵ջСԱ͵֡
֦永Ӱջְæͱסˣӣⲻ㣬Сȥɣ
֦Ҳȥɡȥɣϰ棬Сǵܵذˣ
һ仰ͰѹŮϵ׶ˣСͨ죬ţ˾䡰ƫۡڴ˵ĺЦаջˡ
־󲮼ҳ˱ͬĻ⣬Ϊ˿ڶ࣬߶һݣƽʱǴүүСסݣ־󲮺֦סݣͷСݸСֵס
Сջֱӵݣһͨ䵹ҳһСУ򿪺װġ¯óһջԼСĵźӵײһӳԡ
㣬㳢¯ɺóˣ⻹ϸ°ֳ˹Ǯģһʮ飬үһ˳һ飬ܳ飬֡Ͱһ鶼ûԣʣµĶˣ
ջӹǿ¯ȴûԣԾЦŶСǿ󲮺ʹﻹˣ
СһҲЦ¶֦һģһĴѣģ
ǵȻ˵˰ǼҾͰ㣬˵Ͱܿɱд֡զ̶ᣡܻõ㣬ѧ˺ü꣬öֲ𿪿ʶһͲʶѰòУ
˵ɽ壬үֻ־־ǿմ顣
ǰʯϺȻ˸ˣʱϵļʮ˼ҴǿӱռֵǮɽҩϵأٴϵ˻ΰͺͲƥΪΪʶ֪࣬ĺôŰ˼˽ӣǸ˵
Ϣ󣬲мʶ˼Ҷ뷨ӰѺҲ͹ȥ顣
ջĴΪ˹ܵ飬ԼѧĻᣬÿĸɻǮ
ϧ˽Ҳû꣬Լ49λӦ뿪ʯҪǽ顣
ߵʱΪرͣ벻飬ȻԸ⣬λͰҲһˡ
л߳ɽɽ顣
־Ȼֻ˽˼飬ѧĺܺãƽʱ򵥵ıֽżܴ
Сջ˵治̫УӵĿÿζᱻүү߶ԴСѧԺ󣬱ֱǿˣÿζְܰĿֱܸɵСްأ
ջСģŹֿɰģע⣬¯ķŻ
־󲮺֦ӣջû˼СֻǹĶ
С˵躦¼Ĵ󹷰ջţͶعˡ
ѾڲַԱߣľ嶤ɵСӣ滹źʵéݣֻſڵλñüľʵʵסʲôҲ
Сͷһءžһ
ؽУСеۣǼŰóȻŲľ塣
ջҲе㵣ûڳ£ùǳȫʱ򷴶˼鷳СһضݿǽӰô
أԺš顱һˤһͷԵСкŸһյܽԺ
СڵƵĳС̲ס˸ۣС㣬ǰܣ϶ָˣûҪȥƤ
СԭܣܵһעԼϽһûվһϳŵʱҪŮҪǵ֨Ļ
Сʵûɶ˵Ǹ״Ͻָ״ֻùԹͣߵջǰãС
ջЦСá
СԱ۾бզסˣ
Сһ⻰ը˹˭סˣǸèӣ治Ҳ䲻𣬸Ͳүǣ
ջеЦǿһе㼤Сˡ
СƲ죺ҲǸ궿ӣǲǸ㲻棡ǳԲǴ򣡡
Сز˵ˣﻹǲǶ죬ģﰲ˸䡣
ǾеС翴ջһۣһ˭ðǽ㡱ıСѧѧզ°
⻰һ˵СĻһɰͱ©˸ɰȿֺʡ
ӡ磬ĺúõģ󱦷ǵҪһ𣬰ǲͿ򺿵ģǾʹӦˣ
˵˶ܴ˭ˣ˭磬󱦻ػˣ˵˵СƴɡÿζӮŲˣ
˵ǲǲšƴɡǽСƴɡϰǼҰǲɣ£ͲˣҲ˵ʱ򿴼ƤˣҲˣúõģȫ󱦽ˣӦˣ
һ˵꣬СҲӦ̲סӣŸ첲զ˵İƤˣƴɡҲߣ/а




32.  ƴɡƴɡ   ջԱߡ

ջԱú, ̲סʵС磬ƴɡʲô
ûСشأС͵ɴ۾һ˼ĿջƴɡǻƤ, Ȼⶼ֪
ʵջ&zwnj;治֪Щ, ǵҲ֪аѻǽƤӡϰߡ
ϾСĹ, Ҳûⶫ, û˸˵, ȴзֱʱ, Ǵ¡Ļ, ˭Ҫ˵ʲôɡɡ, ǾǹȻ⽨, ǿҪģ
ССһۣܣϹɶС۵㣡
һ仰С˵, СŸջС
ԭ£Ƕšưҡɵ˵
Ǻ, ơǻǣסǴ, , ҡ
˵ֶɾܱլƽǳǻоη֮ģײ˺
궫˼ҶԼҹɣֱź𽥼٣66Ժǻʧ˴ɽƫԶطƽҲᡣ
ȻɽϽ˰»ֳ˹, Ҳǰſھ־󲮺үÿζڴӿʱк˵˵
ֺүү˵ٻˣɾ۶ӣǼңǸͰ߶߶ЩˣƽʱȥǰҪƵߣҪǹһôֳ꣬ȥˣ
󱦼ңջ治İ־ǰɽµ㣬ĵһ֪ˡ
ջһֱԹһͨСҲ֮ǰô£²ĸջ˹ǵ¡
Ƕߺΰӵˣ˵ռ޹ʱ򣬲߶߶ģǴӼһһĹŮؿʼ˾еħˡ
ĵĸӣ˵ͷ⺢ӵǰһϣéϲͿ԰İײ˵мվһŻƺĶ
Ƕϵֱֻŵأ˲û㣬תͷֻڶԲ۾¹ģ赱һ飡
֪ײƤӰأԼɲҾ˺ʱ˭֪·ˣǻƤӾȻַ⡱ˣ
ɶַأ
˵ƤҪõɣһȸԼ޸Ҫ̿һǵӱչĵطʱĵһһ䡰ˡ
ش˵ֻƤӾ޳֮ǻƤӾҪŻȥޡ
ഫһֻƤĹУܹλࡰַ⡱ҪǰλãֻƤӵַ⡱شˣֻƤҪɵԸͻᱻ٣ƱػԷȫ
Ҳ˵£Ƥſ㿴𣿡ŵԹӡˡһ£ûֱϣ
ػǻƤҲߣôվǶһҲĶ
±ƤӱСĻش˾䣺ˡ
仰Ȼ;ö۵֧Ųסֱ˵ϣֻƤҲգ۾ͲӰ
ȼŶﺢӶҪ¶ͷˣСʱ˸к󱦡
Ժ󣬾˵ԼˡƴɡӣԺ׼˳ġҪɶɶ󱦽Ǹ˫ȫһ׼ܵ٣㣬˵ǲͦģ
ջҲͦģԼҲǴܵˣҪֹ½ȫվҲе顣
ûشǱСһƲɶģһǻ˵ģҲǲţִүǾͲšϣ
ֻС˳ִԺѩ˹ȥСҵֱУ
һһǣ찳ǰǳϲɣ
С뷴καʧ֣ټ֪ջԼϽߣҪСˣͷǺϻ²˿ǸæһѾԱ߿Ĵ԰ˣ
κ԰ѩ̫ûܼˤģС綺òֱ֣ջҲ̲סЦ
С˲󣬶˻Լź
С磬ģͻᱳº֣ţݺݴȥ
ûʱ־󲮳ˮһ⻰ͺСӣǶ˭ӡӡأʹһǷᣡ
شСؾͳЪˣԼһѩĥĥԺССĵģ·ʱƨɽʵʵһţ
С翴ܲСһߡһջߡ
־ӣﻹ۵ģûסСϵѩĵˡ
˵һģ֪ȥϹ֣ѧ㶫춼ѣôʱΪѧã𴲣·ͽʱڶǳţְֵĽǣ֪úѧϹģ
СҶ죬СֹɣҲ֪˭ͷϽ̰ߣʮһ
·ջͷЦСҲǡ
ȿݵʱ򣬾С໺ţǰ׵𾾶䣡㾾꣬ﾾ͵õˣ
С໥һ
ЦЦջȴһ뷨
ڸ̻ǰԼʲôȥ;ԼЩó
ճã˵ΨһһѧУǸ˽޵ҹУСӡ
ɽһʮ໧˼ңٶˣĺӲ٣ǣͷһСѧԱӦûԸ⺢ѧ
˵еĿγ̴ѧģǽ̵Сѧγ̻ӦΪͷڱӻվǼﻹСѧеĿα
ջ⣬͸־һ£ܲܳɡ
˵˵ЦЦ䣬ȾҪˣһûżҵմҲˡ
֦һ߶ŽϰڣһԹΪϹӵأզȥôʱ䣡
մȴüЦĸµӸһгӸˣһʼϤԾ˵㣡
־󲮾ʣһϵɽ
մͷ£Сӽһ·϶Űˣ˵һףаԣ
˵ЩСˣͦŪˣϱӶˣ
̾͵ͷţ⺢Թ⣬޵´ˣ
Ӻˣ֦ﻹС´һ裬Сմ󲮼ȥæ˵ãȴһסˡ
ʽԷʱ򣬴үүŴС󣬷ջԼԱߣеĽүԼûôԣȫŽջ
֦պܺãֽӣڵɿڣܲڵԵͷ̧ССӻֵ־󲮺֦ﲻ˼һȰջԡ
ĳһٽӣջ͸־ܲڴӽСѧ̿ε뷨
û뵽־һֱӾͰİ嶨ˣ
ðĺ°Ѿͷ㲻֪뽨ѧˣ˭Լҵĺʶ鰡ⲻһֱûкʵѡ𣿡
үʣӵǶö࣬ҲԸͷһȥ¿ɲ͸𣿡
Ѿͷ˵ⶼɰһĲˣ˭ܿôѧãúǶѧ㶫ʡһǼҴСƵľ֪ɽܣٲһûŵģɶðǴɽҪɽ⣬ⲻǻ𣿡
־һļԱ֦ҲֱЦ˭֪ѾͷǸ⣬һ߶߶⵱󲮵Ҳʵݵģʦɵö㹤Ǯ
㡢㣡־æ϶㣬ֱ͸ȫ㣬¿˭Ҳܿ
һҲŮˣֱȤ򣬰˵ںͷɣ
ֱЦ
˵ջԭΪҪȿůˣٸϿõĽңû뵽־һ˵ջʽĽ̲ģ˵ɶҲԸȣֱ˵öӲ칫ҵңѧھܰ죡
ȻҲջ˵ɶͼȥүȥˣΪߵüƤҲûף֦׷͹ȥġ
˲Сʱ˾ͻˣүҲ޳ϾͿѧã־˵ģڶӲ̣괺ͳһǽң
ջΨһʦҲŵװףү˵ˣջϾŻ²ϰߣӦ죬ʽϸڣ͵ɽСѧʦУ
ջ
ԾôһٷĹõһݹУˣ
оô˵أе΢
֦ʹһֹϲջһһУջ˸
ȻؼԺ&zwnj;̸˵ĲУջ·ֶջȻ
ʲôɫʣǼŲ󷽣æĺ档
ջôҲûţʱ䣬ͷãһů͵ʱŶӵԺɢɢ
Ϊ֦ʹүүġַơٷԵеţ΢˵㡣
ԼܾҪ˳Ľడ
ԺҪҪƵ㷹ʱ߲һϸ΢ġO@
ջ
һò޼Ǻ˰ɣ棬̲ס߹ȥ
ɵƿſڵĲӣһ˫ڶԲ۾˸ţ
ջŶԷһ͹ⷢĻɫëƤС䣬죬Ĭһ˲˵֮ǰûбʶȰ
ԷӵʱջְӷŻȥˡ
е㷢ë·ŶԷȻһ䣺㿴ˣ
﷢ҲûߣôվԭصŲӵһӣ֪Ϊɶ̲סѲӸҿˡ
ȻٴθԷԲĺ۾ˣе㲻ͬǣƴɡһֻ˶Ĵ
ջãҲΪܵסôʵſˣ
ʶǰĵ棬ԭﻹв޼Сͷмֲôһֻ
ͻȻеЦ룬ʵʵѲӸˣΧⳡɴܡ
ȻصѾһ˼ʮֿõѣŮԡ
ջ˵ղڲ￴˻ץһ£æûţ˵Ƕĺܣ˾ܡҲҧˣ¡
ⶫϲҪץǰ𺦣ҲûҪǸСɣ
ջһ⻹ͦͰСĹǡַ⡱˵ˡ
̾üզɶѧһҲ治񻰣̺ӵɶѧУǵ죬úǸϽѧģ۲Щ͵û
ջЩЦã̻Ǹν衰ַ⡱ࡣ
ɶƤӡַ⡯˯žȥ԰ӱժԣѰǶˣûšһŲȵϣһͷľֱӲѵͷһѹϸˣ
ѹϵϾͰһһƨɾˣĳָպþǰѰϣƨֱһſɲô
ջ




33.  һˣ   չմ󲮾ӡ

չ, մ󲮾ȥ
ΪôණմѾǿ£ջҲûʲô
ȵ˴󲮼ңһԺ, ջͷ, 󲮼ҵĴϲҲû, Ͼͺֽ
, ֵĴֽԸ, ʱһҹ¯ͣԺ, С쬵, Ҫжߣ
ֱϲ, ͬǱһ, ϲһ, Ǿ͸˸СƵģ֪ů˶١
ǻϲҲ, һ׾͵üǮǸϡ, ﶼСѧ
⼸˲, һϲǮҲһֽˣЩ˼ҾͲ
ջǵ˵ȥ˵ϲҷã󲮼Ҳûа
ǱҲմ󲮣ǵϸ¶ϲˣզûˣ
մЩ˼ɶֻĸִ, ϼǡѧͦ磬ðȦˣ
ջ󲮼ҵ&zwnj;ҲϲŵģϲСӦҲˣæմ󲮵󲮣ϲóðɣⴰӻǵüһ㣬ҪȻȵ˶Ժ̫ˡ
մЦЦ¶Щ˼顣
ջֻԼ͵ЩЩΪ飬Ҳûٶʣֱݣ˿ϴøˮɫϲʱ״ΪɶǸˡ
Ҳһ٣һĨȻ
ջģæЦӯӯ󲮣ɣ
ϵҲȸ׿ڣ΢Цĳջͷˣ
ջԴ󲮺ЦЦһ㲻ߡ
λøʮһ˺ݣȶø绹ݣ䵱ôǽ桢ڿϣ¸ǵʵʵʱ򣬿žǻûꡣ
úܺã󲮲̫ǿ˹ĵĺÿҿóܰɾϵ·ǸŵıӣܵǴСһĲϴķëǿһۣҲûг̱ڴζ
кջֶЦ̣Ҳⶼʮûˣģ
һ仰̵Ķ˵ˣ߹ȥֱӰ£֣ЩŵԼ档
զôǰĺǲûȣ
Ц̣ҲСϱϺɶˮԺˣ˵öҲ٣ⶼȲˣ
̻Ϲ˵զͷǵСϱܺȣ˵ȣͺȣ
ֳ˳ջöúȣԺ̱ĲܣרǸȺˮ
ЩΣջֱЦ
մԱ߿ֿЦĶӡֶŮԼҲ
ǡʱƿһ룬һЩСĸŮǼˮݡ
ջϳԼſڿˣȻǴ
ſڶ˶٣Ȼֱӹֻ˵̺ջǰ
ջɫͻȻеŵĴ󲮣æʺããǻ
ͷֿ˿̣ͷβһ仰û˵͵ͷҴҳȥˡ
մջæ͵ɶ⸱Ƣǡ
֣
ʱϵ˸׵ĻתͷջǸЦЦӣְ裬ʵΪǰҡ
ǺõģҲ֪Ҳͦм԰ǼҵչˣЩѾġöҪǲϰߣԺֱҰⲻǣ
ջʱҲ׼վ˵ôȻдҲǿˣĽ̫࣬ԼԼؼʵñ˭ۡ
Ĵȥʲôϣ̰꣬ԶĿǰĲµĴһңȷԷֵĶԴ֮󣬻ŬȥңһⱲӲκź
ŵڸ涼תԺ󣬴ĽҲܽ⿪١Ȼ˵һӶԸͷҲ˳ȻϾЩ£ܰæһѣ·ʼջҪԼȥ
Ǻϲø̬ȣһ˵һ̫ƽҲŴˣ˵ԼʱϵȻƽִݺ̹Ȼ˺Ĳм
ջãԴø˵ͬĿ⿴ΪǵİοƽȻҪġ
Ĵø磬øУǿǺѲϲ
ǣҲ󷽷󲮡磬ǱģǶһˣһԲԲֺǺǵľͱɶǿ
˵ţ𿻱ϵһǼڳ
ˣϵЦԽϣմҲ֮ǰôţһͷԡԣһˡһˣ˵ã
ջļҧһڣ̵̳ˮһ
һǼųˣĴɤţ֣̺ͰöûȥӰ
˵䣬ٴһƣһֱŹƤñӡһӾͽˣһŵջ̣˵˹
ѽ̣Ͱöɶʱİ
תͷȥմ󲮣֣Ҳǵģ˵һȥӣƾɶðȥˮԼȥ̼ˣ
ֵֽӵģǰ밳ӣȲˣ
&zwnj;ջҲԱЦеͷ۾ʱ죬ٺɵЦҲ̣϶û绹ȥţСͽǰ˵ǶҳԷûط
ջͶһǼݸǶ϶綼ûúóԽӣڸϿˮˣ
ӹͻȻԣöɲǰԵģǰİɣǰܳԣ˵ţҪŻԭء
ջæס磬ҺѾһˣʹԣҿ˵ˣģǺóԵģһأ
ȻϣǰҲҪӣ
ǫİ壬ˮŵ
Ⱥˮ룬յԼߣһԣֲֻԵĺ˿ˮֺǺǵİǼڳԹ⡣
ݵﴫײ죬մ󲮼ͦã͸̴кȥȥˡ
Ҳȥ֣Ǽߵſڣֻˡ
ſ̵Ĳڣ˵ֽ֣ӣ̫̫ϧӳţȻرϸµĽȥӼЩ΢仯
ջԱߴȤһʱʱϼ䣬ǰֵܶסˡ
ֱĵ࣬һմ󲮾ͽݰú͵Ƶˡ
Ƶú͵ƺֲܴڣõʽīˮƿӡƿһñƬɵһƤͲȻһһЩСƤͲ
õʱīˮƿúٰͣСƤͲ˳ƿϵĿȥõ׶˵߽úУƤͲ߶úͽ͸¶ƤͲǽ߾ܱȼĵо
մ󲮼յú͵ƴŲãīˮƿ˲ٻңմ󲮻˰졣
ʱҲ׼Ĳˣ˿ʼ˲ˡ
ʢţ⣬㣬⣬Ρ쳦һһһ
ʳǰ׸ɷ־󲮼һСӣջֻһ۾ȷЩӴ󲮼һû
Ϊûʲôװ˵ֻ̣ľպװԵơ
ĸջѾܶûгԹôʢһٷˣջЩȴЩᡣ
ǳεģŰڣ¸պȣλÿճ߾ܸˣλøպãһ˶
ֻǵȷ˰ںãȴݵزԸմ뺰ˣЩң⺰裬һԶٷ
մЩţҲ̲סſڿ˿
ſڵʼվģմ󲮵ЩȻͷǿЦŶջ̵裬ȳ԰ɣ
죬ӣ󲮸ԣ
Ȼմ󲮰нջſںȻ΢ĽŲ̧/ͷͼ˽
մЩʶͺ䣡
ȴûߵߣ԰ſˡ
մ֪ԸԼͺСӻ˸λãȻһɫŻࡣ
ˣմʽȻæŸջ̼вˣæֶŮҲһԥһ⣬һƫ󲮵ĿӾ˿ա
մеʧܿʰֺǺǵкջԲˡ
պܺã㣬ʶ壬ջϲĻ轴㣡
㵱ؽСӡԼĪʮߡ˹ִСûʲôۣҲ٣ֻ͸Ӳ̣Ϊߵˮﳤʸϸ۽ʵҲûһζ
ԼҲĻƶ쳣ҨһճŨڰ׷ϣֱͣס죡
ƺƫ轴˸ӣЦŶԸ׺͵ܵܵˣԭöϲ㣡
Ҫһ⣬æŵ⣨ȥ򡭡˵ҭһ£ʹ˸ã
մЩε㿴㣬Ҳû˸˵
ͷ꣬һһСӵĺ󱳡
ջӶࡢˮ࣬Ҳ࣬䱱ɽµĺд㡢㡢ϸ㣬ͷ⻹ʣԺðֺ򣬱ӻأ
մ󲮺æڴӦջЦе̣Ȼ˵á
һٷķΧнŴȥʰꡣ
ջͰմ󲮽סһ׼õʮǮ˹ȥ
󲮣ҺλǰӦڱӵھӰæĻȥýҿͶⲻҺ̴ͰЩĹȥЩھǰǵǮŰɣ
մǺ񣬿ɲɵҲǮһۣҡͷҪҲţ϶ԼǮ㲻ֶŮԴ󲮵⣬Ǯģⲻ̭𣡡
ջæ˵ģ󲮣ⲻѣǼҿ͵ⶼҺˣھ͹ڴϣҾҪĵˣҪʵڲţȥʾֵʱۿɣ
մ󲮿̣ԼҲͷˣȴҡͷǰҲҪǮţ͵ǮԸģ
ջ󲮣һһ룬ҾҪǮҲǮ˼ŵңиҰæͷ⣬תͷȥǵǮҳɶˣ
˵ţ󲮵֡ǮԷҴ󲮣Ҳҵģ־ѾүүˣҪɽӽСѧҵʦԺ󰡣ֶŮҲǶȫ֡ʵˣ
մ꣬Ȼһϲ˵Ķģ۶Ҫѧã㵱ʦ
ջԱͬĿ¶еЦе˵ͷ󲮣ǧȷҪʽϸˣ
մĴľվ˵Ķ̵裬ϲ°ϲ°гϢ
ҲЦŵӣϲˣ
ݣһ乧ϲ㶵ϲɶ˭Ҫ鰡
մЦ⺢һܴǹϲööԺҪ۴ӵʦˣ
һֱֵĸߣʦǽɣѽѽô˵Ժĸˣ˵ţԸؿڣѽզͨͨأоǰԼҪƵģ
ҶķӦЦˡ
ջŴ󲮸&zwnj;ΪԼˣҲůڵģȴ󲮵ĸ˾˻ֵ˵󲮣Ҫʦ˾͸ԶţǮãǧҪš
մǮԼ߬أʱҲڵ־գŰɣ찳ǾҪȥʾˣǮ㲻ãֶŮҲڣ
մ־Ǯ̫ˣʼʱûע⣬ŷ־ȻʮǮæ뻹ջ
Ǯţòô࣬Щûȥ
ջ֮ǰ˹Σ֪񱾵صֵ࣬ǮʵͣһͷĹȥƤëͷ㡢ˮ֮󣬷ֱӿ룬ʱʣһ룬ȥͷٵÿջһëǮĸһë
˼Ҷڼɱ󣬰Ƥǡ򳦡ЩƷȥ磬ǮܶһͷʮĻʣµ
Դǰ˶ˣÿײ˶ŵ˼⣬ļ۸Ҳ٣һëë
źȼһԼĪ/˽ȷʵҪôǮ
ջ׼æһ󲮣㲻ͳһëһҪƱģҪ򵽲ҪƱ͵ðȥУеļ۸һҪм۵2~3֮䣬Ǯֻٲ̣࣡
ֻõͷô¡
մȴǾŶ࣬Ǯһգˣ֣㿴ۼһʣ⣬ûȥ
ջҪ˵ʲôȵӣȻ˼æҲɶձ˵ǸСǣƽ⣬ɶҪġ
ְⶼ㣬˵۲ϣ˵Ըţܲܰ󲮵ͷһθֶŮ⣬ֶŮһûŵĵ
մҲô˵ĶԣæӦ¾ͳȥȥˡ
ʣջһЦΡ
ڼͦᡰĥˣطдøĥȥˣ
ΪմҪɽջӰմϢһ뿪ˡ
մ󲮼Ҫȥŵʱ򣬴Ҳˡ
ջ̣߳ԶʱͷվԺſûߡǷͷʹ˻֡
ջ̲סЦתٿĬĬǰ棬Լ̵Ĵ󲮸ǿǸ󱳿𣬾˵װ˲ҰζͻȻһ̤ʵĸо
ҲǼ˰ɡ

ϣ˯ǰջϸ̴øĲ飬ѾˡҩΡջǲô
ܾüȻָĻԵôҲδؾͲ漣
ĲɣΪŬԹҲź
Ȼ»ôӳ飬ûа֮ǰ˵ʲôü˿ջϲһ




34.  Σ   ջͰѿռҵһԭ

ڶһ, ջͰѿռҵһԭϲϴɾó飬׼󲮼ȥӡ
ûʰأһˮˡ
ɽֻжӲǶһѹˮ, ⻹ǹר, ǷȡáǺˮֻȥǰĺȡˮ, , , һľ͸ɴֱѩˮԸˡ
ѹˮȫı, רտţ𿴹ھ, ÿһһҪһ¯, ֹˮ϶
ջԴɽ, ˮ춼Ǵ󲮴ϸ, ջҲס󲮳, Ϊˣ˵ϴϲȥˮ, ûԼ, СӴˣ
һ߰Űˮﵹһ߻˵̡öˮԺðˣǴˮ
ջæ˵ãԼͺã˭֪һԴҡò˹ƵģզУöҪˣǵִֻǰҲ̴ˮ£
̾Ц˵УǾȥ, ÿǴˮ㰳ǳԷóԵģ
˵䣬̫̫ڵ滹źüƬ⣬һջһ
Ƕ˵öǰ˹ˣû˲ٺöЩöﻹкܶ඼Ǽң
Լһ͸ջҲûþȣֻԼȴϽӣ
ạ̃Թˣö԰ɣ
ֻܾĽȴ
ջԱҲûĻѻֻ˵磬һԣǻøɻأ
þȣﰵӲôӶˣ˭䲻ջ˵лɣȻͱתעæɶ
ջȴһصȻǺҪĻʱȫָŶأ 
˵ţͰͿһøϽԣʱԱ¾Ͳˣ
һ֣µӣȻΪ棬ʢԼҪǲԶûöɻҧҧڳﻹԼɻʱԼһҪѻȫˣö֡
ջ綯ˣĳһԵգգۣ̫̫һĴ硱
ǰߦģϸְף廨ɣһӲΡΡ͹⣬Ե̻ʣһһͼ˵׶
ԼǷٲȥ㣬ûҪ
ջҲ棬ѣɵϲкɻȥ
ϲ˼ţʱˮ
öĶɻ˵׸ɶ
ջ˵ϲȥңѴӶϣ

һ㶣·ߣվԭأջǰߡ
ջͷһͼľ㶵վڵ룬ͳȥʱЦã磬߰ʵûʲôȥҿ󲮰ѴϵϲȦˣִҳһ飬ȸǶԸһ£
֮ܿ·ȴû֮ǰһֱ˵ЦͷҲš
ջЩ֣ôˣͼ̧ͷһۣȦЩ죬ö԰Ǽҿã
ջЦŶԷ˫󲮡ԼԼİְʮ۾ⶺԺҵģɲɣ
ͦظһĵͷԺ󲻹öðɶӦ
ջһɤùǺȴúůָǰ治ԶĴ󲮼ſڣЦãߣȡСʱͰҵĴӶã
һͦظǣ֤񣡡
ȽԺֱͷӣջϲһСùá
ǰڱӵʱմһ¥֮ǰҲסƽҲҪڴⶤһϲ籣ůİ
ϲǰҪ׼һЩһֿ봰ıľʱȰϲƽȻЩľϲѹס˳ЩľͰϲסˣ
õϲʵ©磬ȽϽʡӣľһеĶܻãһ㲻鷳
֣ջҪǰæϲǸɾӣɵҲ졣
տʼɵʱ򣬴ˣջЦŴк˵ͷû֨Ҳûݣôͷβһֱվſڿǣֱѻꡣ
СʱǰݵغͶݵļȴӾͶˣΨһͷСݵıûû취ϲˣջĥȥ
￻ϣݣЦ˸Ͻͷůů͡
ܿˮջæӹһĻǺˮأ
ûжˮͳȥˡ
ջеϰˣҲû⣬ø˵˻ȻͿѹŵļС顣
磬⼸СҴӱӴģҲ֪ϲϲ
һ˵⼸С飬޲ڣ˵ϲĺܣͼرÿұ˵ֵܣھմûҲŷһ²ʶ֣ɾǿͼҲ˼
˵ʶֵ֣Ҳпգ־ֻ֣ܶƽʱȥ־󲮼ѧѧٻ̸硣
־ǴӳƽʱͺæµҲȥţǵÿոŴǸһѧټЩСëѧĶǡȱ첲ȡԼ署ʱ򣬾Լˡ
͵˸ѧϰЧۿۣƽãõһ飬־ͿĿİѾѧֶϵˣ
֪ѧϰѣջԸ̸Ƕʶ֡
ֵ궼־ϲ˺ϸĵԥӣϾҪĺϿˣƽ϶æܲܵʱ䰡
ջҡͷģ磬־󲮵˼䣬ûʽĽңÿϿʱ䲻̫ȰѿοˣúģҾԺæÿСʱϿεĹеģǾͷİɣ
ô˵ֵŷ
Ȼ˵Ҫ̿ΣջҲûֱӾ͵ȡģüİƤһսľ̿ȰѺƴĸĸĬ
֮ǰ־ѧϰýǰ׾ʱѧϰƵȴƴ֣Ȼ鷳˵㣬ƻںѧϰӺԣʹֵ֮ѧϰԺ
˵ֵ䣬ջռڵЩΨûԺ󻹵뷨ȥǹǺҪȥ
ЩԵԺ˵Ȱ°ѻá
֮ǰЩӣѧĺܿ죬ֱһͨʵѵõĺӣջҲ̲סϧ֮ģһЩ
ǵ˵һѧϰջֱҲûʲô̲ģټϽľˣڼҵģԼĪСʱͣˡ
ջֵúҵصʱ̹ȻվԺſ
ջͰѽѧϰ¸̣һҲǸˣֱ˵Ҫ֪£׼ֵҹ

죬ջһ渨øѧϰһæΪԼĵһÿ׼
Ϊִ֧ΨһһѧУү־չȻټһ˼ΰʣջҲһ׺ڰͽ̨
ٵƽ⻬ľƴһү⵽ľļԱ˰޺һз۱ʻƴõľˢϼᣬ֧ľܣһܿƶĺڰ塣
Ӳ칫Ҳ´ɨһ£Է˲ղſڣȺϿʱ֤¯Ӳͣջʦͺǲ
ʽϿǰͷһ磬־ͭ࣬İҰ֪ͨһ飬ѴеӲǰĿյϿᣬʽѧУ£
ʱ־ʾүүڰֱ֣˵־ɤӣ˵䰡Ҳ˵ˣ۴иϲ£Ǿ۶ҪСѧˣ
´ʮصĵһѧãԺ󰡣ٲ÷ǶϹ⹤ֶˡܻǮҲٲ㲻ף
ǰúѧɶǵûѺ͵ĵطѧԺ۾Ͳˣ۴ӽѧãǾԼſ飬ȲûôǮҲѧþĺ£Ǹɶţԣȼü֮
¾壺ˣͷǶ֪Ǻ£ɱ´קˣү˭զأ
Ц
־Ҳ˵˵һۣЦӣǷǣզĸ¶أ
ˣ˵£˵Ϊɶأһ۵øллң۽Ҹ
һ棬ۻøлһˣûѧѹ첻˾ɽСѧʦУջСͬ־ҹƣ

ջվ־󲮺үм䣬ĿҵĿԼʹƣȸ־ýţһͻȻʵĸܵ˼ϵΣݹ˵Ѿֻһݹɽ˶δϣ
ʱүȻѾͷҲ䡣
ջ˵ͷһǰǴλү塢־ǿŮջҽұ֤һѧ֪ʶĽ̸ǣҪĲãң˵꣬˸
˵ʵڣٴιơ
и̹ϵ̫һɤӣɶôõĹŮǽ飬Ҫ˵Ǵ͸ô幩ϲŶԣ
ҲһĽΧ̺մ󲮵ˣһ䡢һӣииôõŮ
ɩӣϲ㰡
ӣˣԺ󰳳ž˵۴ѧʦ״󲮵ĺøǣ˼һ׼ܸ߿һۣ
ɣ˼Ҹ߿һۻ࣬ɶ°ǸɶӣôأԺٳŰɣᰳðҲ⡭
˵֣Χм̺մ󲮣ǽǲ˼Ҳ۵Ŀºü͵͵ֱͦţ
־ȥ־ָ˵⡣
ѧÿѧѧһëѣڽǮһѧڵѧѿ൱ڴڵϰѧֻܹһëǮ
ѵĻʱջĽ̲ģʱûǮȿʽѧУ־򱨸棬ɹ簴ѧһ׿αı׼̲ģʱȥ粹Ĳ֣㻹Ǯپ̯һ¡
žúͷʾ޳ɡ
ȻҲһ˵ǮͲ⣬ջи긾ŮҪһëǮ˭֪̳ܽɶ´亮ģүɽܻǮɲأ
˵꣬Աʱ˲ɣҵģ˭֪ŮܸɵĺܣͷĸǰһӰɣôǮһëǮѧѶ᲻ãզأŸŮױ
Ҳϣɵ˰ɣҪܸŮüױͰѰ˫Ьˣ
ʱһЦ
ز־ڣүֱӳﲹһ㣬ѧУҪ죬ͺľͽѧѣΪⶼ쾭£Ǹ˶ŪףҪʵڲԸ⽻ģǾͱ˭ǿ
ү䣬ǸŮһֵһۣܼǣϹɶ
꣬үЦүǽǽϱһʶ
ɣջһҲû⣬״ү־үү־󲮣ȻҿͷãʱҲ۾һÿΣôвеĶ˵㣡
ջ˵ʱ˶УүҪԣɵͷùŮӴ󷽾
˵ţתͷˣˣ˼ҹŮھԸԽһãҪǮĶû
ʱкãʵҲɶɾ֡
һֱǼͦ˲£ȥ״Ԫǿϵ·ԼվԱմ㡰ҲǺõġ
˶ջһӿ˶Ӳ칫ңͷ£ͷһѶ
ſҲôĵطüƼǰգû
ջˣ־󲮣˰ҰѺڰ̧ȥɣҾ潲
ͷˣһƽкãһջãⲻǽΣҪ̨ӱݽĿ
ڰӱ̧ͷտϣջһСḻ̌ޣ۱ߵڰǰʼд֡
˵ĿһֱӰƶʼںڰд֣ԭЩӵȺ˲ʱ
ջںڰдˡˡ족ءĸ֣Ȼһһ
ͬѧǣҪѧĵһ־ˡ֡ˡֺܼ򵥣һƲһ࣬ʾ֣ʵһϣֻһʲôµģҪŽᣬһƲһһӣ໥֧ţǲܰˡָ֧
ͬʱǻҪעִ磬һƲһһҪðݺ½⣬ֻԼܱˣǿͷˡ־ͻ
˵ţջںڰϰдõġˡͷһأһ
иСӡѽһʶǲ棡ֻҪүүҪڼǹϸ棬ǰһĹǮûˣ
һ˵꣬²һЦ
ջҲЦԣλͬѧ˵ĺܺãԣǴ±ˣǿʤôͲŽᣬˡ־ĽͳҶ𣿡
뺰ˡ
һѺڰϼֽ꣬ջͦԸٽŽ㡣
ѡǰһʮʵͬѧʲô֣
걻ջڵʱ˸ץץñӣͰ˵һ䣺ﰮ
ջͰд˺ڰϣﰮͬѧ֡
ıʻȽ϶࣬ģΪʲôô˵أΪϵİܶ࣬иĸֵ֮֮֮ΰ֮
ʲô֮ЩΪ˽йĸߣΪÿ˶ΰĹΪ˼ϧͷ­ѪԼһ֮
ԴҲҪֱʻ࣬дֵʱҪǵõÿһϵһְһذˡ
˵꣬Цлһֵó̵У֮һ̣ﰮͬѧĺܺã
ϣô˵ϲûб佱ĸˣЩΡ
ջ֣ǰ˵ϵáǸСվǸʦǴͷʵС磬С󻪡
ջ
Ȼ˵СջÿλǱȽϳɹģΧһƬһ㣬öͣЪ
˶ٴζ̺մһҾ˴Ĵָջʱľ壬ջҲ̲סֳɾ͸С




35.  ճһ   죬ﲻ˶ԡ

, ﲻ˶ԼҺӱֹڶ磬һʮѧ
ջУĻһ㡣
ʮ, 812֮䡣
ũ, ĺѾΪֵٻ, Ժܶ˼ֻͨһ, ȹ͵ڶ, , Ȳ, Ҳ΢㸺, һá
иƵ, Ҳһ, ѧٻȥܵõ⣬ô˵, ֱջԤƵҪõöࡣ
Ψһеģʮ, Ůֻʮˡ
󲻹ũ, ǰڱѧʱҲ༶Ů2ϣҲ꼶߶
ջһ׼ܶ¾ɵĹı䲻һһϦ£ҲһЩ취ǱϾڲŸտ࣬ЩΪʱ磬ҹƾһ˵ȫģҪ֧ߡ
Ȼ, Ҳر˵£ʮѧһģ֮ǰջֵ
Ѿʮˣջͬ꣬ʱЩĸջ˵̫ܲʱ䡣
ֵֻˣȻŸأҲʻ䣬Ǯ·Ȣϱ滹ԺǮĵطԽԽ࣬ԼʵȱͶʱﵣӾȫѹֺϣҲĲ̡
ջԴ˱ʾ⣬ȰҪʹ첻ˣҲڼҳʱѧϰʲôĵطҲʱӭԼѯʡ
ʲôʽҪҪһڷܵѧ֮ġ
ջĻܹ裬һ&zwnj;лջĹҲᶨıʾϧѵõѧϰᣬԺûڽΣҲѧϰ
ˣڸˣԭġĳˡﰮԴջĿ֮Խáֺã͡һر壡
ؼҺͼ󣬼Ҳ֧ʽǰѾȥ־󲮰ָˡ
ɴ˻˴һ󡰸ȡѧһ죬༶ѧƪ硰֮֡
־󲮻ջ˸˼ģԼҺӸҲ֣Ӹһ
뵽ģѾкü˽ˣԸԼҵӸ˼Һڼҽʾ֭˺ü죬һƣ
Լر⣬̵ľȥ־󲮸֣һˣһ֣Ͼ壺˵ӣ֪Ըɶ⣬⡯ǡޡǾǡ˼
Ⱞƾǡơģ㶼ҪӷѷǼҶӷˣզģϴĸ氡
ǵôʱһôЦûѱˣ־ˣҲûĳɡ
˵󱦺ԼСⰮһ˵Ǹ⡱ǡޡҲӦ°ıӸްûˣ˵ɶҲͬ⣬ڼ˵ٲȥѧˣ
ȻЦЦʮѧһʦУɽСѧ˵Ŀֿѧˣ
ѧһ죬ʽϿǰջѧֶд˺ڰϣ̴ʶдԼ֡
ѧر棬ΪӲ칫ҵĿռޣΪ˽ʡطֻߡŷҲԼҴֲռطķΰʣͨѧͬΧһӣÿӶµֻԼһСطסԽ硱
ѧϰҲܼ򵥣дֵֽõǰƤʾպڵ̿տʼʱ˼ӡ
кڼðƤдҵԼĴĵȥûˣѺӼֱޣȻӵֱͷүӡ̫̫ʹһ٣£ˡ
Ȼ࣬ǺǶܰѧϰżмк̰棬סʣһӲſڡЩεˣҲԹԵİע˺ڰϡ
ջʼϿΣӲſ˾ûϹʱǶʮĴСӣʱ俴ŲСǲһֱûϹ
ΪչЩջÿζѳдһڰ֪ʶڶϿǰٲ
ҲΪЩĴ̼ǶϧůʦһһдֵĻᣬһʮùͷҲۼһһػסջһ⡣
ջҲᵽ繩һЩǦʡƤͱӻÿܽСǰĺӶõһݽ˺ǵĻԸǿǰǡ
Ϊһһ䣬ѧУֻÿ翪Σ˵һֱʮ㣬һСʱѧһСʱģмСʱϢ
ÿΣĩϢһ졣
ڶӲϿΣ͵󲮼ҽѧϰżӴһµ̹εĺǣӹæµֳʵ
һգۼ䣬һ¾͹ȥˣ
ʱϿ£ҲʮµףԽʱά¶ʮȣһҹ춼ʮȡ
ջһϳȥϴˮûȣЩˮϣʮľ룬ٻݵʱӺ־Ͷһ𣬻мճ˲㽺ˮ
ջѾܹӦǼڶӲ̺ʹ󽲿Σ¯Ҳϻ𣬶ӲſڵĲڶˡ
˵ջʮеʱ򣬼ﻹ˼С£ŵòᡣ
ǸϽ£໽ţܰ˶ޣջ䣬ͷʹ𣬽žͱĵ죬һţͼմ󲮡
ԭ¯һգյʱ̫ټͷ̴Ѷʼڻˣ
մ󲮹ͰŵӣԶͿð̴ѣŵĹǺæֶŮ
񱾵ְ෿ϲľͷǲ࣬ûһԣǼţϴ죬øע⣬¯ӲһҪȻŪþһҪĴ
ҲԼţԼ⣬Ůˡ
մ󲮰¯Ĳóˣ¯û˻̴ѹȻûðǡ
մΪףʱ𣬰¯ӶһŰա
ϣŴڿͷرջο֮࣬ǽһ춼²ȥĺ˪ٴϼĲס
˵ש֮ĽĽΣȫͶ뵽Ҫʩ򲻵ˣܴ򵽣ô۵ĶҲûãҲͦεġ
еĵ֮⣬һϲ£ǾջõĵһʽʣʮһǮ




36.  ճ   ӵɽľ

ӵɽľ, չÿõ15~21鲻ȵĹǮ൱ֳʱĹʡ
ү־ֱӰĹʰߵȫ㣬ÿ¶ʮһ顣
⣬ΪＸʱ䶼, ĿǰֻԶڿѧУ, յ־󲮴ı, ɽԼСѧȽ, Ҳͬ˶ѧУ貿ֲ롣
ũ, ҽơⲿֵĹһ㶼Ǵôͷ, ʣµСԱǾ̯, ҩƷͽ̲һƷԱԼǮ, ˵˾˭á˭Ǯ
ûҽ, ͽѧУ, ǷӡΣЩҲò˶Ǯ, ͷջĹʣ˹Ĳ, Ӿܽʡһֿ֧
ջҲǰô߹, ÿµү־󲮵ֳѵ·ľĽԤȿ۵һִӷãʣµİֺܹµĹֵٸݸҹֶǮ
ЩĿÿζŪýͷö־Сæջ˳ӹһ, һǿˣСʱһڲϣװף˿üЦ
־󲮸Ǹ˵ֱĴȣүԴۿ̫ʡˣһݹǮ˸ʦֶ˸ƣϻˣ
ת۽£ź죬һ·ݣۿжʮʱѧУҲ˼١
żǰջźǽһμ򵥵ĩԣǿĺܲʮѧˡ˫١ɼҲõ˾ʮ֡
ɼ죬ջÿˡ˫١ĺӶһֻǦʺһСӣصúֽ˶ƯС컨С
˽Ʒĺʮָˣ˶ϡ䱦һС컨ϣ̵ĽĽ
СС컨Сս˿ڴԱΪֵСĽĹǺתͷĲſ˾ʮֵ󱦣һֵģ
ջѧ󣬺ǴһʦټȻʤѫƵģһĳ˽ңֱԼҵĴţ±ѩصܳԶջ˷ܵЦ
ʵҲ֪ΪʲôĺǶϲʦôУҳҲŽС
ڴԶһСʦʱ䳤ˣҪΪԼաա
ûˣջߵſڣһֱһÿˣǽɣҰǼһһµѧϰɹ
һǱջһкӣɽһǸʮСɶ
ջʼϿ˾ͳʱΡ˶࣬ԣֱܶΪԭ򣬻߹˿ʼʱĺ澢ڻͲôˣֻһֱŸһ˵ƵʣֱһڿΡ
ջ֮ǰ־˽˵
ɽǼȽѣʮǰںӲʱˮһ˰
ȥɽɽʱˤһӣһ˲мҲɲػǼͷүү̣ҲãһĿ˶Ҫһء
ɽȥ꿪ʼŴɽȻ⺢ӷǳܳԿ࣬һСӣҲûô󾢶ȫģõ㹤֣ԸŰ֧ʵס
ɶɽҵһɶﲻ˸󣬷ľһױ£ɽҲŵϺţֻ˷ǳŮ
ɶͷи㣬ͷиܵܣֳ˶СĶӻ⣬ԽûӣǡǮпȥȰ䣬ϴӦĺúõģͷȴԽ䱾
ջͬѧĴɶѵΪԣѧһÿΣڷܺѧˡ
ջǺÿ˷һӡһǦʣŰѺڰϵĿһ顣
Ļ࿴˿кӵɽӴûôԥдɶ״ҧҧܿҲ˱ʡ
ﾲĵģֻǦڹ⻬İֽϣɳɳɽɶĲҰǦʵԽдԽ죬˵鲻ǽŲü˷
䵱ɶһ±ʱشһǸоһܳ˺ԶԶһ·ɹյһ㣬ġǵģرҸ
㿴
ҸоԼһʱһɶһ̧ͷͿǸû꣬ǿرÿرĻʦ
ܺ˵ôɶôݣֻҪÿλʦΣ»Ϊ͵ܳҲڡ
ջùСĴⱾ˿ֶⷢԷֱĿԼΪţɳЦ¡
ţĲǦʣ½Сĵط˳Ҳǰͷ
Ծɶõʮ֣ѧ˵㣬ǰʮеġ
ɼһֻܸһĺ˵Ѿ൱˲ˣ
ɶڱϱЩȴʮʧ䣬ƺԼôطе
ջע⵽ǱߵɽҲѾдˣɶд˸һġš֣Ȼʶ𣿡
ɶҡͷ
ջ͸ͣǸš֣Ƿǳõ˼ҽ͸㣬Ϊݴֵ֡˶ٵûйϵΪŬ
˵꣬ջĴⱾͬǦһݸɶ
ĳɼֵýģɶͬѧŬ
ɶĿǰıӺǦʣǱֽôϸôףܵܳԵİͷǦдҲôôɾһҲ̿һŪֺڻңôõĶҪ͸
̧ͷ˿Էԭʦ֪֣Ρͬѧ
ŶԷеĹɶҲ̲סۿ
лл㣬ʦ
ŽӹǦʺͱӣջһ
ջЦļתͷȥɽĴ⡣
ɽɶջĽ۾ĽջĴʱջĿջԾ
ɽҲƲ඼ϰʮ֣ջҲֱӰѴıӺǦΪ͸
ɽܼǦʵֽĲǦˣ
ллʦллʦģԺһúŬ
֪˵ʱ䶼ԣջҲû˷ʱ䣬¾źڰϵĿ⣬˴ĵطϸһ顣Ҳ𼤶飬ʼ
ջ˿⣬ץʱЩƽʱŪ⣬֮뿪
ɶһһͷջʵĻҲްԼﲻЩ䡣
Ҽʰһ飬ջӶӲʱѾʮһˣͱƽʱѧ˰Сʱ
ӲڴڣӴڵҪ/˷ӣջûһ˺ȵȣʦİ
ջǶӲտڵүӣæͷһ¶˵㣬²֪ôͻȻһ˾Ҫ
ǧһ֮ʣȻ̽һ˫ֽһס




37.  ˣ   ջ֮һ͡

ջ֮һ, һ˫۾˸ţ
Ȼɣ
աʦû°ɣ
ɷջһѣȷվȺ󣬱ջ֡
ջܿ컺, æԷͷлû, ޴, лл㣡
ʱ, λסջүҲææ˸ǰ, ջûɶ, ˿, һǸ㿴զֵ, ְ, ë, ûʦŵˤţ
ջæ˵ֶԷԼ, лүӺ󣬱ӹԼİ
һ, һ, û뵽⾹Ȼݣ
ȿļļˣٴ¶ЦݣԭݰǴӱӼģһھһǮҡ
ѧУѧһܵĩ͵ʾָҸ˸ʰõĴ⡢Ͳ˸ɣյҪʵʱԼĵַдģˣû뵽Ǳǲ鵽ˡ
ջŰ, дǵڱõļ䣬˻ž͸ҪǰżͷҲӦЩõġġķ羰ռߣŻиĶȥ
ôһ룬֮ǰΪɶǵҲһɨգµٴųůЦݡ
߳Զͷүӻ˻֣պð׼ȥһתͷɻĬվԱߡ
ջԼһϸΪ˳СԼҳԵЩͷӣһÿһЩ̲գÿζôͣ
ùĶҪǶͷ¶СٳһˣԺڼմҲˡ
¸㲻ûԼռ˱ˣջе㲻˼ˣ޴磬ϸ¸˲Ұζǻûлأ˵ܻռ˱ˣ޴磬Ժǧôˡ
ɿǰСССģŵļ򣬷ǳ׾ʵĻ˫۾״ͫڡ
ÿ˫Ư۾ӣĵܻһĪȣܲϰַӦټϴ˵ӽʮ꣬ʶ˵ǹѹȥȾͻ൱Ǳ
ĿƿһͷûпӦõġ
ջ죬һ䲻֪ýӵɶ
Ǻɿ־űƽе࣬Īͬһ־󲮣־󲮺ܻġ
Ҳ죬ǿȫûҪߵ˼Լô˼ôණҲû˼˵ߣ˾ôվţǹεġ
ϣⲻʦͳ¹أ
Һʱͬһ徭ա
ûջڣǴԹȵǲ˵֪϶ǳӰʦѧϵ£
ðʦҲиǽɶţԣ̣
ջæ˵壬ʲô⾡ʣ
壺찳дֵʱ߶һɶһһᣬᣬᣬ⻰аסˣǰĥţǡġǲǾĸᰡ
ջЦ壬⡮ġ治ĸᣡҸдһ£
˵ţߵ·ߵİѩϣд˸ġġ֣壬ġôдģ
չϸ˿ͷͺϼƲô򵥵£ҪһֱĻдһٻûƪֽȥ
ջ̲סЦѩϸдһ١֡
վָǰĿֱֿ߶Ҫ˵Ļأ⻭ʾǸ١ҪаǾ͵ʮָͷ
Ϊ˴һջ˳¸ɸؼң߳Զ&zwnj;קɣһѧջѩд֡
ĿǵεӰԶȻعʱߴ߶˻ʶ鰡ʶ־˵ƣˣⱲǲˣӣǿɻüأ
һ㣬ûͱһɣŵǸ١ֱȻһ¡
СԹ飬úüŵ㣬ǮܹȢϱˣ
һ䣬ϺȻʼðҲסˣ𣬾ʹҴȥ
һҲûģͷȥǸոհѩǸġ١֡
ջصңֽԺžȻˣﻹƣѵ³ȥˣ
ũ˼ҵԺӴŰٹϣôţֻ˼ʱ³ţŻϣøСľƬɶŷһУ˿űǶ£һ֪ûڼңҲͲԺˡ
ջŵСľƬ˵ϣԺмһӣΪǱ紵ģҲû⣬ɵԺһƿž͵סˣ
ֻһС̨ǰСϣһִͷһˣ̻ʳԵ㣡
ɲϸλ޼С
СŶ̧ͷһۣͼͷ⣬˵ĹͷһӣڵϷľϣƵġˡһ
ȻλҲ򣬾ֽץһѪ廨
ջ
һռ磬ãҲˣ
Ž̸˵ģΪףż٣Ҫһɱˡٳǰѡ˴Ͳǡ͸廨⣬ԼĹѪ͵ܴã
صĹͷ͹ǳǳĲ˵׶ջŽûڸˣ
˹׹ཹཱུðһ£ﻹûϻأ⺢
ջæǰٿȻСһ˫Ѿ̵ͨ죬ָⶼѾҪˣ
ȻȫƵģҪץ
ջҲ˲ô࣬תͷˮҨһưˮ͵˹
Ѿûٲ˵ĹһӿɰСԭҪȥʱһ٣һ˫Ĵ۾һ˲˲Ķסջ
ջʱЩ̲סһû⺢ӵĴܰĴһƾһ
⺢ӲˣҲ֪᲻ᷢ
ĥô˳ȥ֮ʱһֱֱСȻС͵سһˣһѱס
ջһ㱻⺢˹ľ޴嵹ڶԷֽʱסˡ
׻;ԼҪԷˣ۵ֱǿͼԷͨС԰ɣɿòãԸǳԣ
Сȴ˿һȰţԼ°ͳջСϣȻٴֱ֮󣬾Ȼںһ裡
һջ־־ôˣǲŲòã
СϴˣҲ衭ɿҺòã
˭֪ԷջϣȻ§ջƴҡͷǡǣ裬裡ϵˣ
ջֻһİԷС϶Ƶģ˵ʲôҲ֣
ŽҪʱǻˣ
ѽզ°
̫̫һƣͰСﵱˣ




38.  ӡ   ջҪСϡ

ջҪС, æ˺ס̣˵̫󣬻Ūģ
ֱ̼ţզҲܸɿŰ
ջæ, ϿѿͷǺб
ʵռĶҲʱó, ȷǰ˲鵽׵ʲô̶, ᲻ʱʱ, һԷѵʱ, ֮ƾձ, ǿɾ鷳, Բ򲻵ðգ
æݰѱù, ջʱͷСﰲС, ַſ, Աɰ
ҲӦԡԣǳԱɣ˵, ææ򿪱ɺУóһɵݵСǰ
, ֣ܳԱˣ㿴ɶó԰
С, ȻͱǰıϵҲ֪ˣ
󵽵ǱɵСӹ̵ݹǿɣڳһֻȴʼץջ½ǡ
⺢ӻǲȫ֣˱ҪȥץŮûκΣֻιСƵģһһĸСιɡ
̫̫æ, ȫԼŮϣ㣬̿ûţ
ջ֣ˣ̣ȰСں˵ɣ
һ磬˳ջǿһµĳ̵ۣ̣ѱɺиңϿȥ磬ʲôҲˣ
̲ģ𣿡ҪˣŮһˣСڵʱҪզ
ջЦ̣ҲаɻаУϿȥҺ˰ɣ
û취һҧһţһ䡰ɶ°ͼˡ
תʣջСкбɳţˡ
Сűɣһ˫Ĵ۾Ҳջ۳ӱҲҪ׶ʱСűɵֺȻ쵽ջǰ
裬ԣ
ջЩЦõҡͷҲԡСԼ԰ɣ
СȴִĲջ֣Ĵ۾нջԡͲݵļơ
ԣ
ջһС̾˿Ȼ֪⺢ΪʲôҪԼ裬Ƕ˫γ۾ίʵҲԹֲ
ǡʱͷһ󼱴ٵĽŲš顱һ򿪣ƺСʱ֮ǰſӢٴγǰ
ǷĲ¶˽ǺͽţջһμǸһģһ
ʦû°ɣǶԲ
С֣
ɳȥһסСﾾջ½ֻ֣ȰСɿؼң

СﺰһرҲˣ첲סջ
ɼŽţһͿŮֱסˣɫʼѿû°ɣ
ջ۵öͷҡҡͷ
ɲɫ΢䣬ͷŹִãҧҧ֣ۿʼʩϴСջæס
޴磡
Сʮ꣬ôһðѲĸˣʲô£˵
޴磬УҪȻԣһ£
ɵͷջСͷѧƽʱԼ˵ӣСﰡַſòã㿴Һ۵ģ
Сûжջȴܸоϵ˲٣취ãּС㿴ұôرܣһܾͻѵĻͲٸɳˣ
СԽԽԵɶջٽĸķ磬㲻ֻҲ˵ģͷǲˣ
СȻתͷ￴һۡ
ջæʹɫۣһ׼
ΪСﲻǶˣԺ˵˭Сˣ
Сƺһ仰ΪУȻɿ֣Ŀ֮תӵСҲС
ɵ棬ջ䡰衱ֱ˸оԷüĿ⣬ֻӲͷƤˣֻҪСúøؼңҴӦԺóԵģòã
˵ţѾûʣıɺС
硭СﱧűɺУߵߣ̲סͷ˿ջƺǾüͷĸص㣬عȻʵûˡ
ԱߵҲ˿̫̫ǸӣһأЩıŮҲЩⲻס״æɶӰǾͲ˰
ջ֮ǰС˵ֲ֣һ䣺޴磬Сˣȥúÿ
ɿ˿֣ͨĿصʣͷɨ߬߬ȭͷͷǸ֪ˡ̣ʦʵǶԲסָ鷳ˣҡԺɽô͹
˵꣬ϴһ˾˸ҲƵˣ
̵ߵĿӰˣæԺһأ˨
ջվڷſڿһһǳɣʧЦ̣ڻأôţզ죡
˭ŮҪˣĹ˵ô࣡
˵䣬ݣ̸æŮ½ȥһ򣬵ѽһ
ԭջһһôӡӣΪƤۣݵൽϵӡӿžЩĿģ̫̫۵ĲУ
̷䵹һͨңϧҲûɶõҩҪȥ̼Ҫȥȴջסˡ
ˣ̣ǿأˣҶӶˣǻŪ㶫Էɣ
һ˵Է̫̫ŴϡϡǵҶӣԽƣֱԹԼô⣬ԺǴӷͷߵҲðѴ
ջ̶Цæ֮ǰʲôȥˡ
ԭǸ̹ϵ̫ʮϵ£үӱǰһ׵ģ˭ϰ̫ĴͻȻûˣߵüɶҲû׼ֻүӵѶˡ
̫ٸүһڶͷɶ˵Ͱ̽йȥꡣ
ջ˾;ú棬æ̣ͷǲɶ˵
˭֪ȴ̾ɶ˵ûˣ۾һգⱲӾˣ»¶ûϵ˵ǶǸ˽ģԽԽۣԽ¾Խ࣬ɶҲ
ջϸϸƷƷ仰˵ͦе
ΪŮ߶Ŷ̾;ȰѲˣŮϽԷ
ŮԵɶǳأǼ㣿Ҫ˵Ůǡָ˲ã˳϶١¶٣ĸƮ㣡
У㣬ֻҪ㣬㡢ɶ඼У
ǰŮҪ㣬ϣһ׶೤ⰡֺֿмĲַŵˣͷխõ͸Ժ󡢵һ壬һһ壬׷Ҳôת
ջһҲ֪ŸأĶǷСڿйͷ˵ӣûס̣Ҫһ˰ɡ
ӱɨһѶĹͷ̲ס̿ˮֲһ䣺Ҫٶŵǣ




39.  ҩ   һСʱջڳԵ

һСʱ, ջڳԵˣ̸հѷ˶һ㲻ץһͷ
̻Ū˸С裬ʢõİ, ǵСɽƵİջǰ
ջ, ۾, ջ̲˼ĺٺ, ̫̫ˡ
԰, ɶʮ, Ժ󻹵óأ̸ͷĹͶͱ, Ǻö, ܳأ
̫̫˵һ, ˳ŶϿİͱͱ, Ĺһջ
Ĵʵǳ򵥣ҲȽϴ, ԵľǸʡѪϸиصǲ
ʱԽ, ںϵζԽ, ڱĻŨ㣬ⲿк͵ķ壬㴼壬һľ
ջٷԵĸ񫣬극СӣͷԼȫһһӡӣһֻСè
ʰݵأ̾ðƤ󼦵ջϹ˹ԽϵĴӡ, ۵ֱüͷ̲סԹ޼䡣
ŹȦͷڽţȶûջ⣬ŵ㶯
̳ȥţȻԶԺ֦
ѽӣˣû©ˣ
æӭԺ֦첲ϿСӣһջżްǰеˣ˵޼Ѿͷסˣզûţ
ջæҡͷ˵ûɶ¡
˽ݣ֦һ۾Ϳͷϰڵ󼦵æɶô￴
̾ͰŮ¶ջϸСӡӡ
֦䲻һͱڰ׶ԱԵһĻһѽѽզôذ
ջæ˵ֻǿأҪǲĻҲôܡ
֦ﻹһۣӣֵԼԭѰ˵ôأһصģ֪͸Ų£
ԭ֦УջҩƵġ
֦ｫС̳װһƿҩóŵϡ
⺢ǸǼҴһģ˵СǼˣԴõĶ˲ٶǺӻˣ
ҩƣǿҴŲˣû˼ţɴҩõǶð͹
û뵽˳͸첲ɶˣɲǱĵطҪ˸ôզզҲôأ
֦üͷԹջֻý˵ԼƤȽۣһͻºԵӡӣʵ治ء
ȻҲ޼ҿסӣܹ㲻Һ̣һ
ôôΪ˳ƿԼƣ߼Ҽбľ޼ô
Ҳ˵һ١һ޲˼̬ȷʵҲܳϿңȻͱˣ»Ǹ˰ԺźܰӼӹһ£Ժٳ顣
֦֤Լû£ŷ¾̸ջҩƲˡ
үǰǿҩ̵ģҩǼŪЩɶҩơҩӵĶǺöںΰӵ˶ҩɶģﲻǸ&zwnj;˵ûҩƣ׼һˣ
ȥ־󲮼ҵǰ󾭹ǵҲɢ˲٣Ҳͷ⻰ǲ٣ۻ죬̸Ϳ֦ͣۼҵģҲǳүġ
˵䣬̰֦ҩﵹ˵㣬ȰֻĴȺСĵջ
ջʼ̸ۣһ۾С˲١
֦ջҩ˵ȷʵЩ뿪ʱ̣Ҫɶøţ˭ǼҵԩͷɣЦˡ
֦ҩԼһСἦ
Ǳ⻹ĶһǴֳɻÿŪƱɽˮʱʱܳԵҰζ
ɼͲһˣⶫɱߣֲʳôͲӦˣȫ˼ļ̫䣬СҲµÿ°꣬ļ۸񶼱ߺܶࡣ
ôһ飬͹ƽʱջȥøϿεʱ䣬ûջطԼȥӼ֪һĿξͣһͣ
մ󲮼ңմҲڼңͷһһ䣬˵ˣţҲܲˣľŸɼͻЪһ죬
̽ݵʱүβأһ̫̫ˣЩƣ˵СϼˣջŪˣմ󲮾ֱüͷ˵ǰҲû˵⺢ӻܣҲ֪զ£ܳˣ˳׼ļˣ
ΪմϵãԼҲ˵һС£ǰֻ˵ˣ֪ԭôֵ໥ֱӵ̣ϻ𣬲ðһ٣ǶѴźͰɶĲһñ֤Ժ󣬴ĶȥС
մҲæͷԣȥ٣
룬޼ѾͷӲģһҲãǵ㶫ҪٸŮš
һϼƣӻĵط࣬ʹټӹһ£Լ˾͹ˣûôΪ١
ɽϵĹأǲɽľģһûйǮм仹Ҫ꣬ɲȫָǰܶɵ
մ߶⼸ȷʵ࣬ѻɺˣԼҪǿĸ´ɵĲãɣ
ٳǰմ󲮻ֶŮ̫̫ûãȰ֣֣ͱȥˣڼɵĺúõģһȥ鷳
Ȼֶ̣̣ȥ⼸úЪţøŹҪʵڷĲ£ӰѰҵȥ飬ѧУżˣǸҲøŷŸɶ
һ仰Ѵ˵ˣ̳ɶܰŵװ׵Ĵӣһͷ˵ռУ̻ȥ͸ö˵
ȵ˼ң̰ѴӵĻŮһѧջҲǸп羹뵽һȥˣ
ԽദԽܷϸܵ·״ϧĶͦá

ҹĻ٣غ˷ţú͵ƣʼջڿռ⡣
ΪÿεĽָʹʱȻۻԻһջʵ²ʹôϹˣѿռԲĺöָ󲮻ϵõ˼ңȴһֱûɶʵɣһֱܿա
ջѾڼ͵͵˲⣬ѧУżٺԼʰʱ򵽹תһȦͼװ˵ǡĲʹġ
ûжǮĸҵİˣ
ԲջرˣһܽڴǰԲѣһ棬ݰܵռЩֳԴ
ˣͷȡͷҵҲ룬Խӣһ㲻
ɻʱ̲ջֻ֣ſڿϿһæ
ôÿʮһݣֱӷֳݣΪһֱ½½ƣҲ˲١




40.     ȻҲãǶ

ȻҲ, Ƕʵݣ⣬̸󲮼װ˼ͣʱ˵λĲЩȫƱ, ԼƱģ
̾Ϳջ, ĵҲó
ææµµֱϰ˵ЪϢ
һҹ޻
ڶ, Ҳ֪ǲõԵ, ջһ˯, ۾ʱ򶼰˵ˣ
ÿ첻Ͽ, ҪȻʦķҪٵˣ
֪ǲ޼ҵҩƹ, Ҳûôˡ
ʰʰ, , ݵȴûӦ
ջ, ߵſ˵ſǶæ, ʹϴ֮Ҳȥæ
ϴأһ, ̾ͻˡ
, զˣһ̿۲ˣ
̫̫˵Ż߹Ůѣջ̵֪ҲûţԹԵתȥ̿
̿ŮӡѾױ˴ӡӣѩ׵ƤͿһŨīü˵, һ죬̣һ¡
Ȼɣ
һ㶣
һţһۿľһϸ׵Сôϸһù
˵ǰϸϵھԵرۡ
ԼҲ˵׼ǳһɶϾӦøϽĿջֻ۾ǰҲûһ£ôĶŶԷһϸϸ֫Ҫ˵ʲôҲһɶ
ͬסȷӦѽһæŮ½£͵ջǰ档
һɤҲɽл˲˻ƵĺһƬæ˳⣬ǿס񣬸ŷǱԲ𡢶Բ𡭡Ҳǹģ
ҾҸʦõҩܲãҪǲﻹиӣ
ջҲ˸̺󱳣߾Ĳ֨
׻ϳɣȷɲˣæŮ§ڻһ߰һĦŮĺ󱳣һ߲ɫˣ֦ҩͦʹ
ɶӣллﰳѰӺԺŶˣûɶˣȻȥɣ
ջ֪ԭæӹԺźܵľͷդ
û뵽ԷҲ뵽㣬ɼСȷʵöԷʮǸΣ⵹ջ˻ͦθС
ͷίġԭЩﶯͻȻӿһʧ˿ŶòǺãҪʲô£ٽңҡˡ
§Ů÷ŲԶ֡žһԼһ͡
ϺͿ氡ðŮռ˴ˣ
ˣ̣ջæֱס̵֣οûµģ̣൱顮ڲҲɶ
һ£ӦʧЦ⺢ӣҲó
ջ̵ô£ǲһŲԺӡ
̫̫ջʱ򣬾ͷһ󡰶Ķѳŷɲ֪ɶʱģѾܵİӶ޲һ飬ǻЩбԺ°ӹء
Ⱦ־󲮿ܸɣһ򣬵ȷʵǰѸɻĺ֣ʵë˵㣬ղţĵľͽˣͷʰǡ
磬ջе죬ɵļƣӦǸ̽ǰź󣬿˵ʱ׷̽Ҳû뵽Ҳݵأһôһεĳ档
ô˵Էҩɻȷʵ൱гģҲˣҲûپ²֣С¡ǽһС״ʹ˽ҹᡣ
ջϵ˲ãٵһȥȡ
򵥳˿ڷ·룬Ϳһľˡ
һ˵Ѿⶼ޹ˣԺӰܵİӶһ飬ȷʵҲɶëŷģ߸˵ĴӶͳԼʹҵջ顣
ҵɵĶܺãûʲôּҲܹջñֱӾд˸ġš֣
Ѿϵˣ޵Ĵ֣Цı࿪ˣ
ѧϰˣڿӡ
Ǳزӡһֲ֣ĵط٣ҾǸߴľȴǱȽϡеĹľ
ûɣе֦ɶǷԶõ˵Ļ˵ǡŵء
Զм֣ÿβƵһԴԱ֦ҶȥһƬдУɫǳ׳ۡ
ɵӾѣ˷ֵĲôϸͨͨгˡӡ
ɵӷǳСҲͱƻѴôһ㣬Ƥȿͨͨɫʵ˵ѾģҰҲܲһָͷ
ǣһϰССһ˸оϣֵˮҲ˼ζ
ֶеԽԡԽ񫣬ջʼʱ򻹳ԲɶرζԴѧôྡӺ󣬾һʰһ첻һѾץӸεġ
ҪʮܽͷѴҲҪʱ䣬㵱ֻ󣬵Ϊʵ̫ܱ̽ɵִǱԵشԳϵյ
˵ǻ˶ʮɽ·ȥɽ˺üصӣȴһֵֻûɵ
ڳԵĻǸȥĴǴ˵ʦġ
һһһС̣̾ʹӲַûﻯϣ˽ʡ
ⶳ滹ϴջȥģһԭƵ涼˺ɫӲֱӣ
ǵضΨһܳԵˮһҪë壬ȴ׻߷ǮʵǲˣҲǹӦʱҪƱÿ޹
ԵʱҪҸ룬ˮӷŽȥһⶳ̿ɳɶֱ̣ӻƤһӲǣǣһоģͲܳˡ
¿ǰĵط˺һСƤȱڵĵطݺһڣʱ춼Ǹˬ֭
һǿǲƤͳװ׵⣬ֱ֤ȺĿͷϣŽֽⷦĶ棬ζˡ
ջڱҲܳԵ棬ø綼ûԹϴĶﶳ󲮼һʣһջÿζȶʱһԡ
°͵Ŷ滯أȻ˿ˣȻҹ̵̫
̫̫к̾æк˿
ſϵĶ棬̫ͦʣѽ´ǰˣզǵöǹǰأ
̾͵Ͻ㣬³ˣĻмˣ
̫һţɲզģһͿģͷðϱҲȥ㣬Ǽծ͵ģҪ㣬һ׼ڸû꣡
̾˵ǹ󣬿Ҳó԰ǾˮƵģˣϽ㣬滯ˣҲһ
̫æ֣ɲУӰǴԺһɻ𰡣¾͵һ룬ʣһҲˣûڸˣ
̫˵ĵܵܣԷԼµ£˳䡣
ˣⲻǰȥҵĺӽӣ˵ǻƵգＸʱϳģ˰޵أ
ջԱ֣ǵ˵ǴţطСɡ˭ֵɶ񯲡Ų˸һףҲ١ǴеɶСĻϰ͵͵ӡ
̾͵ͷ˺ãˣҲܷŵģ
̫ȴֱ̾ɶİԴ򰳵ðʼѣ⼸ûһΣμүСһ̧ӵģ




41.  ̸   һֱӰջס

һֱӰջסˣ
ү, үС˭ʲô̧ӵģ˭̧
һͷˮתͷȥ۾Ķ足, û̫塣
ͷ̫˵, Ҳæզη, Ͻ߶߶, ˵˾ͺˣ
̫Ϳʼ߶, ˵ǻ, 㱾μϵںӱߵ, ΧһȺ̡, үӾûƵ, Ƕģ
һȻˮĳ, һүӸ첲ô쳤ϴ, žˣ
Ȼ󰳾ˣϼƣǡүС, ר, ү̧ӣǰˣ̫ã˶˵ǻ׼ӣǹȥˣ
ջȻԭүСǡ̧ӵ㣡˼Ȼ֪ôϵһ, ɲջ˵档
Ǳ̫Ҳо֮ǰշ갳ǻ˵һװѣɣ˵ǰðܴˣѾͲǰԤˣµʱðͰϵҲߣ˵ؾ͵ԼɶǰҪˣɶǰðǸ
̾ͰοԷҲϹ룬˼Ҳ˵Сһһ뷨үҲ۾˳ͳˣ˵£ͷϵţ˯þ˵ˣԺûˣ
ǰ̵Ļȥˣ̫߶֮Ȼ˲٣һ˵˻̫̫ͻȥˡ
̫һߣջ̲ס̣̣Ϊʲô˵үСӣ̧Σⶼʲôģ
һ»̸סˣ
ʵ̫̫Ҳ֪Щ˵ĶģǴмͶô˵
˵ɣһֻֻ̡һָͷСܣؾ͹СܽСүСӡټ϶ϲܽö֮ڴʹүСӣר˾ְ֮
㣬ԼΪձһ֡Ϊϲ˲ʺϳ˱طͬѼǷ֮˲ܳԡһԭ
⣬Ҳ˵զү̧ӣǴһôһһġ
ջͦ˼λ̫ĸǲ岻ˣ̾̾˵үȻʮˣ֮ǰһֱͦӲʣƽʱҲµɶģȫû⣬
ûߵ̫ͻȻүһɻ֮Ͳˣ俪ʼÿ£ܲܺ治˵
ʱܿڽ磬ջĶ棬ȥݵ
Ҫķæ˵ҪؼңȻ˭ҲûӦ
Щ˼Դջö͸һԷԵĻǱ͸õľϸʳ⣬͹̺öԷʱ䡣
챾ǸߵģΪ̫ǸˣΪһڣӲϵݣҪ˵ɻˣ΢ԵҲУһɶûɣǳԡǺȵģҲ̫ˣ
ﰵԼ̫ҲѹܲҲϴɽ
ջˮ˻һϾóԣһ̫࣬һ̧ͷͷڿߣһҲǰԶʱôġ
ʵǸرöˣջݵ̡Ķһ˼ͲµôˣװûЦи磬λö飬Щ鶼ûطڣֻܼÿöֲġ˵ͦɵģܲܰҴСľ䰡
Ӻ񵥴ҲȻô˾ޣҲԺܸߵġ
󲮺ʹȱݣһֱӦ뷥ľӣֻڼһЩɢƣʱԼĥŴСӡʡɶģûһɵġ
ϧǱ̫ˣҲû˾ľѧգҼҶԼ㶫ԸţҪȻδһ·
һ˵Լæľ䣬һ¾˾񣬵ʹظ֤˵¾Ͱϣʱ϶⣡
ջָֻͷӣĥôԼ˿׼ȥ̴֡
ݵ̽
⡰ǰѶǡӡסôһˣԵľӼŸ߲ʵݾ
Ȼ¶죬ûʵ߲ˣҲûϵǿøֲ˸档
ص̣ܶҲʱ䣬԰ĸ߲˾һＯг죬ǳԲˣͰЩ߲ɹɸɣŶʱٳԡ
СݿϾͷźüᣬֱŶǸɡӸɡɡɡܲɣǲķʽģɸҪΪζ
ͣгɱƬ廨㣬ټӴн۽һ㣬ȻѾݹĶǸɡӸɡɷŽȥӽͳȣˮûɲˣȴտܳһɣСζ
һɲú󣬸ָɲ˼ȱ߲ζֶ˼ӹɲ˸ɺصĸζ֮廨ķһɵӳɣζֱһ¥
ջ䰮ɣƻ˸߲˵Ũ㣬ζͬʱ͵ĿڸУ˵һɲ˴ľڣ
СһγԵͷ̧۲Ȼ˼̰ôסͷֻϺ࣬Ҳ϶УջֻһУȻ˼ھԽԽ㣬ԽԽԡ
¿ӵʱŷ&zwnj;֣һͷһ붼Լ
һζͣͼŻȥ˵ǼǵüмƲľҪǸջľ䣬ջһûס
ߵʱװһСõɲˣŸɲϺһ廨⣬ã۾һɣȦһ죬ԹԵĽӹӲŸߡ
ջֵ˵һ֮ǰڱӻվ£ֵرţһ˵̫̫Ӳ̸ܴ̼ܶǰһԵĲˣ̫̫˵ɶɶһҲҽ
ջ;ʱ򡰶Ը磬̰ɶжá
ڼϢһ죬ڶջְ˰һ㶼ˣҲп޼ҵҩȷʵá
ȻõĲˣָϽʰʰȥʾȡˡ
ѩ˵㣬ǳſ磡
ľͷĶС㣬ǰһקͻȥԶʡ
ջһʱǶģӴŴһȦССġģڱѩرȵĲˣ




42.     Ҫȡʰ˳

Ҫȡʰ, ˳ȥ翴ɶʻð㡰Ȼ
ջϣԼǰһ·, һͷ, ûйĺ, ̶, ˰
ԭϴջ̳ʱ, ֦СҲһȥ, СѼֻǹҲˡ
ֻ󹷳, վܵջô, Сôǰ, ں, ջ۲ˡ
СҲֱȥԣ˵, 󹷿ȥ׵ģջʱ, һҲûֳִ, ôȵͦԶһξ롣
ͷջ͵ֻᡱĴˣȥ־󲮼ɶʱֻС̣ܲҲȸһֻ
С͸ԭ󹷶ǹģһֻҲջźĲС
֮ջֻҪһ磬ͻ̲סֻ󹷣żɵԼǱһ, ̿Цá
һ˵˵ЦЦСʱ·ҲԵòôû೤ʱ͵˵طƵġ
粻Ժվ硢ʾֶһϣΧǾľǵ֧ԮĸɲһƬҲС
һСƬԼ׵ĵطֳֳǧˣҪɽɭֵĹͲɷ
ǰ˵һʵĵλֳ쵼ͬʱҲҪܵصֳڡ
ջ仧ʱ־󲮾ʹȥһֳʵģܶطջЩΪ֧Ԯ衢Ϳֳ˻ʮ𾴵ġ
ΪȰȡȥ˹硣
Ҫˣ˻治٣ջһȦܿͷͷ˲ٶ
ǹĵĻӣΪعְֳƾ蹤֤ÿ˿ﻨӺһˮӲǡ
ҲѿɵǣֻҪƾƱܹëǮһÿ޹
жɶϺƤȵȸʳƷЩͨͨҪƱġ
̾Ҳ£ϴջʱǵְֻ׾ƣһɢװĵعϸɾƣëһԲƱ
һƿװϰ׸ɣһһëһƿһֽСġƿװƣëһƿеƿװƶҪƱ
̵ĻǡǰšҪëһȻǡŸëһ÷ëģЩ̼ҪƱҼ۸ҲȽϹ
һëһġʿͰ˷ǮġáƱģ򲻵쵹Ǹɣ̶С
ǳԵģΪӭڣϵĵطҲѵöƥ첼ϣΧһѺڡҡ̵м䣬رϲ죬Ůͬ־Χſֿġ
ջ仧Ϊʱ̫ûܸϴͳһƱ֤˰Ժ󣬹˸Ӳʽ⣬ҲΨһʦÿ²һƱ֤
Ȼ࣬ҲʤޣǺ͸ɶ
⣬ƱġʿŹ굱ߴá
Ȼ󡭡ûˣΪûƱˣ
һŽᣬֻܿЩɵۣ˵ҲǷǵ򣬵Ǯȥĸоʵڲ
Ϊװ㣬̻˸İ취
ջ˸Ƨ䣬űڣӿռóһڴ˿ʵ⣬һжأרŵڹſڣ´ȥǹֳˣͰ˺סö⻻Էæһﻨһӡ
ջʡʱֺڱĶȫܱȵģȻʵ˶Ը
ַܿﻨӣĻ˼ŸʳƷƱŰ׾ƱССϲһѣ
ջŰ׾Ʊƿµġġ׾ƣȥǳʡ
ʳƷƱҲûţЩƷ
󣬿Ķˣתȥʾȡ
ʾ־һֵĽֿڴûȥ˳·
ʱ䣬ʾ˲࣬ջûôѾõԼİ
󣬼ʮء
뿪磬ߵ·ϣȷ˺󣬾ͰתƵ˿ռǰõšٰϣջдȥĵַʻ˸£էһ͸İһģһ
ô󡰰һ·صӽ˴ڿʼ˶ע⵽ϵĴڴҲʶ֣ڴСڴȤѽӡʦ˶ٺöզϴڴ
æĶɲǰģǰڱӴĲѣ°䲻ӦصشǱ˸ʹģ
һȹǺɶⶼ˼ʹģ
ѽʽʰͷװʳɣѽѽôʳǵöǮʷѾ͵ò٣ӣʶĶɶ˰Ҳ̫ˣ
̣㣬ǰ־ǿԭȵѣ˵һǧһⲻҪΪ˰źˣϵڱˣ
ǣĽĿе˼ҡһݹϷţ̲Ÿؿڣ˿ѽղſţ˭ָ۶İ˵Ǽٵģ
ջЦɶٵľͼٵģ˼Ҷ˵۴ţ˵ǰŰү֤˭ҲΪ٣




43.     ջ𿪰ˣ

ջ𿪰, ˣҲ˻ӣջţÿ, ƴǰԼǵ㡰عָ궼ˣ
˻, 滹һɫбƲ, , ɴ, մӻǱߴͷӵġԼ족
Լ족һɫһǺڡסغɫʽ, ̿ϲ, ڱӹٻ̵Ǽ, ϵϻ, ŮҲû, غ&zwnj;˼һ¾͸
̫̫ӰŮϱ, ǰɫǻӣջСĵð׾ˮ, ÿĲˣ
ﻹһд, Ͽƪ͡䡱ջǡѾͷߵͻȻҲͰˣĸʰַȴúдܳ¿˰æհְֵԭַǵֵɳ뾯ͬ־ȷǵĻǨأϴ󾢶׼˵ط
˵رóԣﺢÿγԵʱ򶼲ԺټˣҲ, ô䣬ЩⶼԼԻ߻Ǯ˵ջųĺӣҲŮֻҪ֪߹úþˡ
ŵĩβᵽմһϸѾ˸ֳ
ԭΪ֮ǰôһ֣ӵ׳ˣմƣ̬Ȳ棬һҹʱ㴳˻ƽ¯ߣȥú۲˵ʴձһߵƽ¯˻ֱӽһ롣
մ˺ùʳõġʱҲûס˳ƼˣʵڴȥˣͻǮүү̵ĸȥ˳ǽǱһСұʲô֪ܹǱȲ߸ֳġ
һдŵͷߵģߵ壬Ҳû˭ͣԺҲûʲôټˡ
ջţ̫̫ǽƵĴá֮ɫ
ջ֪һ˰ְ֡
մĽ֣һҲ⣬Ժ·ֻԽԽխڱиĵطѾߴˣ&zwnj;ǰϹ˰̵ְֺǷģ
ڵմµطϿվסţǧʵǵٻشǾϼҵζģȻ˵㣬⡢ǮһĽĹдߣɲմһӻۡ
ջŰְģæֲǮҼİ
òֱװõĺ춹̶Ŵ׺ǣһɫë¡
ͬһţǮŮǮдġ
˵һҺܸл棬һЩֻһֱϸַǴѰ֮ǰھõ׼ȷַԻҲЩ
ᵽϴջȥʱµһʮǮ˵ĸԴõǮһֱܲģΪǶ׼ջйҲôǮ
ĸҸǮ컹ģֻû뵽ʮ³ʱүүͻȻ˳ûκνǮһ֣ǼûֻǷš
ĩβ˵Ѿֵȹͻᵽֳʱÿ¶õʣǮ塣
ŸһһʮǮǷּǷǡǮ֡
ջǵԼС£ųбҵѧϰɼܺãҶŶգǮʱϲŮ˵ġ
ʱջմÿֶѧϰɼһֱҲûʱӴǰᵽú̿ļ͸ûʲôˡ
ϴȥǮңǮպòڣҲ֪ӡǸСʲôˣܼﻹͦڴġ
Ůţɸ̾ҲǸùŮҪֻţҲ
ջ뵽ֳصĹͼªľסȷʵͦģæʸǮд˷ţ˽½£һЩƷ
ɢǲæŴ˵ֳᶼʮ˯һӵĴ̣ͨ˿ռޣ˷ôʱҪȱˡʲôջ߿԰á
дţʱ䣬³ģѾ73һߺţʹȥǱǰյüǰѶð롣
⣬Ҳ˷ţǰͲٸʲôˣöԷյֵŸôϸˮҲǺ¡
д꣬̾кŮǮë£Ǯ˵ëǮĸ֯ģë򵽵ʵɫջʱҲϲ
ëԪ롢죬ջԺΪƤףԵʮľÿ͵ġԼ족ѩ׵Ӽ﷭Խĵ˾ʣֱ̿ͷ˵Ǯҵģë֯Ŀϰٻ̵Щˣ
ʰĶʰ׵򵥳˿ϿϢˡ
ҹȻ˴磬һȴӣ໽еĻţˡ
ݵ¯ĻϨˣڳ˿йȺĶ쬵ģǿ͸һɹɺ磬ʮˡ
ջֵͲһ£ִߵǽǺͶǽϽĺ˪˲٣ݵˮס˸ɶĻ϶ҹһ¯ӻ
æ꣬һѾ賿ˣæ·رŮñֽţʮֱۣԹ궬զô䡣
ʵջѧУĺ˵ˣ궬ձ겻̫䣬С˵éӵʱϰָͷʱհʮָͷȦƨɾͶˣ궼Ȧ˻ûأ
ջÿЦãҲ˵ʵչġ
˵˻Żǽʼɢȶȣ･ů̲ųŲסŮֲ֪˯ˡ
ջ̸Ǻñӣڰ̵ĺҲܿ硣
ڶģʱһѩӡ
ջЩԥҪȹһȥţһż´ѩʱŸѾڻûһ㣬ȥء
˵أǱ̫ĴӾˣ
λɥģ̫ϵûˣ
£ջȻٳţ췥ľҲɽˡ
ɽʱ䲻ͦŽᣬһ£ټӦ
ȥλүڴﱲߣＸ񣬻ȫ˶Ҫ
ҴӴٲġݡСڷء롢ᣬ˴ٴ죬Щǲʡģĸ趼Ҫõˡ
̧һ̧һְˣʮˣʮˣߵݵλλүӵı֣ʮ̧˵ġ
У̧׵вֱϵδ˵ĹأҪˣٵʱ˶ղ룬ȥĵطˡ




44.  ֣ⷢ   ֽ£Ȼɽ࡭

ֽ, ȻɽԿһЩɥֽ֮Ļû˸Ҳٰ죬үѾ˰ʮԿǡϲɥ, ٳ嵭һ㱯˵ա
ȵմ󲮼ŲƱ, ȻŴջմһȥ̫׼ҡ
̫ն, ϥһŮ, ľ̫үӵĴûԺ, ͰȥСһסˡ
С, ջýһү, ݶү˵, ҹδ, ϵ, һ¯ӻʱүӻûɶ, ڿ˯˵ġ
ѵϵûܣ˯ͦȵ, ﻹ, ĳȵڶʱүѾˡ
̫޵úģ̾ԹԼûΣɶɶһ˴ܣϵһλˣ̫ˣ
ҲŵЩᣬֻһȰ, Ҫʱˣǵӿȫˣ
̫Ȼ⻰ȥˣǿᣬʼæµ
Ϊռ̫磬ûûúãТǵТҲûϡ
ӾҪõٰײҵðҰȥ貼ƱȻ󾡿ϵѰײ
ҲΪɶȥ󲮼òƱԵʣҪǰײТҵТͳٳٲǾТǵġˡ
ڴŽᣬҽŶĶԼҶĲƱҲ͸Сʱȥ򲼵ͻˡ
ȻǲãТɥջҲһһġТϡ
˵ǰСǷһТϵϣΪΪǸ˫ȫı֣СǴТȥ
ԽԽ࣬үºܿ첼׵ջ̵̡ջ£ͰȣŮȻؼҡ
ջǲ£Ϲض࣬˵æģһе˵İŵǲ
˿ñĳТҵСǣ̺ĳ˵ͷԹԻȥˡ
Ҳڴ嶫ͷһƬջֱ߾ͦġ
պѹѹģŵ࣬ҪҹƵģټϿܸմóԵʣЩƣӶҶࡢӵС·ؼҡ
С·ϵ˲࣬װѩûŲӣֻдιһۼջͯĴ̲ס̧רЩ͹ķ۴ȣһͰƬƽѩزȵ߰㡣
ٶһСӣĺϲˮΪǰ̫ˮҲǶ³£Բúȥ档
ɵ˶죬СӾͷʽˣ̫խʩչ춼ǰˣ
ջȴͦϲģСľѾ⺮ݹεֻʣɱһԣͷϻźİѩţԶԶŸߵȤ
СӱϻһƬֱ֣ͦţԴϢճ䣬ɫһ
ջߵһԹľߣڶһεԲѩϻһЦԼʵڴֲڵĻ̲סЦ
һ׼ȥ˭֪һͷȻѩһ÷εĽӡ
ջĹ۲ЩӡǱèצӡҪһ㣬е񹷣ͦҵģѵǴ˭ҵĹܹˣ
ȵȣòǰɣ
뵽ܵջʶ˿ܣеģ̸߹ƽʱɽûʮԭʼɭʳܶ࣬òɽ֮以ַһֱһƽ״̬
ȻʲôҲǾԵģﱾϡ٣ɽҲϡ£
ôһջҲЩ£ҰˣʱЩסˣæϿȥû߼ȻһӡԿ˼Ѫ
һֻ˵Ķ
ջ̲סٴι۲ŽӡѪǺԣһֱ϶ġҽӡǴӰֵķһ·ģȻ󴩹棬Ӧ԰Ǳȥˡ
ջվЩӡʧһƬľԱߣ֪ΪɶҲûôˣܾҲʲôΣյĶ
ۻذֱѰһؿ֦Ȼ»صǴԹľߣֽϵĻѩܿϡή֦±ֿѪԺѩٴγһģһĽӡ
˳Žӡǰ/ףһЩݵҵ
ֻżĶͣغɫë°͵ؿȴһƬףһһɴβͣرƯ
⾹Ȼһֻ꣡
ľԱϣջ̧ͷ׵ĳջͺ
ջæһ
һջһ¾ͷǰ֫ϵ˿ڣƤëѪѾһֱӶѪģһţʵе
룬ӣǽؿ֦Ҳһߡ
ֻСĶһȷûе⣬ҲѾûʲôˣʼ볢ź뿪ϧ˵ǰ֫޷ŵأû֧忪ʼҡҡ׹
ջֻСƲܣ죬ҿ˿ٴȷΧû˺󣬾ʹӿռóһָôŶ
СıӶ˶һСᣬ̧ͷĿջһۣԥһ׻ûֵܵסܿⶼȥ
ǾܺóԣС˾̧СԴһ˫ɫ۾ٴνջʮһ飡
ջָһ飬Сûκԥءһھ̵Եĺ㡣
ôͶιġջٳſСʱûбֳκεĵִ
ջָָǰ֫㿴ˣߣҰȥ˺òã
СԴһֶֿۣһҲ֪Ļֵĺ˳ջŵǰ
Сֻ΢£͹ԹԷ
ջֻС꣬˵ǰ֫Լ첲ϣ֮һ·СҸϡ
Ҳ֪ǲǴȥҰæԵʣһҲûʲôˣСһﶥиʮôһܵҲͦ۵ġ
ȵ˼ſڣеģԿ׿ţڰ߽ճһˡ
˸߸ݣüôȴûƤֻһ΢һصĺڹӣɲλ
˿ŰֻӣҪƺȫû뵽ջĿ֮ʣȻסˡ
ջСɵϢУ̾ﲻŤ˼¡
ջæСԴȻŸɴк޴磬ҪҼ𣿡
֮ǰСһҲɣֻ꣬Ŀջֱ۴ǰ֫϶˶٣ͷ׵һֻӣһ룬ûˡҽȥ˶үңʱȥһãӻûͣ˳һˡ
ջû뵽Լ˳һ䣬ͻԷ㱨Ƶһ󴮣ĪеΣŶԷϾҪͶ͸æ޴磬ˣⶫӦֵͦǮģǻԼŰɣ
ȴֵӦõģСôණҪ
ջ˵ϴ͵ҩƾ㹻ˣŶԷ⻰˵Ҳû˵ټϲ֪ΪʲôСʱԽԽ꣬оԼҪסˡ
ҲСü̲סǰһҪҪҰæ
ûջ˵СȻȫըëɾһͺǼƿɱȸտջʱˡ
ջæһæ˵ˡ
ľҪöԷæܵԽԽæ




45.  ˿   ɿС꣬

ɿС, Ĭһ˲ŵȿţҰͽȥ
ջ֪ܾãҲȥô࣬ǿһֱֻסС, ɿ¶ԿװŴˡ
ɰǰֱֻ͵, ջСº, æл޴, лл㰡
ɵͷȻͲ˵ˡ
ջһҲûҪߵ˼, ֻЩεǸ, ޴, ҪҰ㵹ˮɣ
ҡͷá㲻Ҫ˿, ˺ܹ, ȥðɡ˵, ʹ¿ڴͳһ׵׶Сƿ˹
ջæӹҩﻹЩ, 벻Էҩ
Ǳɾ֪뷨һһ䣺Ҿɽ, ʲô״, ϻ᳣Щҩ
ջȻ֮ǰ˻үѧʹǹǸ֣ɽ˻
ջԷлۼʵûҪ뿪˼СԴºͺûаȫеһţſģм, ֻһԼȶָС괦˿ڡ
ϴˮȺţһ裬ЩΣɵˮȻòպһСϴ˿ڡ
֮ǰȸСꡰСһҪȰ˿ڣһۣҪסŶҪԹԵģҴ͸ιóԵ⣡
СĻȫһֱûжôԹԵϴ˿ڡ
ȻСܹԣջȴ°ŪۣԼһȱҪţѩ׵Ķͷ϶ðһϸܵĺӣڶˮʱ򲻵òϵްѵ
ɾվλãϸĵĸֻװͰ͵ĺ괦˿ڡ
ѵްһɫë£ëڴ¶˽׵ĳӣ˿ȥľš
ǲµģë̫᲻Ҳٴ˶ްһëƤһģǴ˾ֱӰް
һްһ£͹ⷢý˻ܿ浽ʭӣǻᱻһĻŵ˯ž
ȥ֪ʲôʱѾϰĳɽľĿʱȺںһྡһץްġӡҲʲôֵġ
ôˣ
ԭЩɺȻջ֪ʲôʱͣǺ˵ǰֱ֫üͷ̲סʵ
ջȷʵ⣬赭ˮѾСϵѪ۶ϴɾ¶һƬûƤѪ˿ڣӦҩûȷСĹͷûˣ֪ԼֱôԲԣ
Ļ߹ߣǹ۲һ˿ڣȻһ£֮ǰȫ̹ɵСȻ̧ͷֶ¶˼
ջæ˫סСԴȰѽǿͷûˣ
С꿴˿ջȻջ˼ֻɫĴ۾ɾĶɡ
ɵȫ̵ְСǽ˵һ˱飬֮ܿ϶Ӧʱµ˿ڣûʲô⣬ֱӰС
ջһæ˿ͬʱҲС꿪ģСԴ
Ȼ﷭һɴ֣һ㱡İɴϸŰ˿һ㣬ϸɴϸá
ĩˣһκɫϸڰɴ⡣
ɿǶ޵ĺձ˵úס˿ڣаޣ˿ںõĸ졣
Ӹոհֻ׺꿴ȵʱһֱԱߣú̲ܽסϴβ⿴һϸ˲˻Ƶġ
ڶԷȫעĸ׺û⵽΢ɿϸĿ
ӲߣʱԵССһţΪͷԵʣֻҪһͷܿķ
ͷںڵģеӽɫ˿ϸžͺһͷ黨裬Դ÷˶µλã׾Сǰڹж̵Ͽޡ
˶˵úãҲ磬С˵㣡
ƽʱɽʱȺʮ/˵ĴС͵͵
֪մֶŮүүҲرϲԴ˵˽ۣ˵˭ҪܰôĹȢؼң幩⣡
뵽ɺȻĵӿһɲĲ̲סüСûʲôġ
ֻһĺˣԴЩҲˡ
֪ЩֻǰѴʵһαװʵа񣬺˼ɣǶйݵˡ
˿ȻŵһɴͷƮԽң֮ǰϺòµ־
ԼٴȥҪ󣬱͵վһ
ջ䲻һһΪﲻ&zwnj;æʵ޴ôˣ
ЩǱҡҡͷһ΢΢ɿû£ү»õңȥ
ջæϿȥɣ
˵־⻰иϿ֮ӣټô죬Լָʹ˼ҰæˣҲû˵ˮȣһʱЩ˼
Ǹ޴磬Ҫȱˮ߰ɣ
ȴֻһ䡰ɡͷҲصĴҴҳš
ջȥͣһһͶͷ˹̲ס˸飬æȥްôһٳʱﻹжԷӰ
ջ
ߵҲ̫ˣ
ˣȻӴ࣬˸ĸоǽƽϵˣӦҲ´μٵһлɡ
صСԹſڵϵСԴ͵ͺСҲѹһߣɵĲˡ
ջȴ˳ССζе󣬱˵̣Ҳе㿸ס
˼ȥջǾСŲ߲
ﻹԭʱĲݵéţʰʰԸСѡ
뵽ӻʱʱλعˣе㵣Сᱻ۸
˵ֻϲ˲٣һƽۡأ
ֵַ﷭һõľӳ!
ľӲ೤߸һףԼʮֿ㣬һָͷľɣÿľ֮һĿ϶һǼľƴɵһ飬ܹȡ
õʱһ¯ңСķԴӵһľ϶ֱ䵽һ㣬ʱֻҪֱӰľȡͺãǳ㡣
ȰľӷѩɨɾȻõ濿λϺéݣľòݵӼϲʵ
ʱĲϣҹٷСõʱɹ̫
ȰСŽȥʱӲҳһСӸϡ
С걻ůﱧԵеίջΪ˰οָι˼һСˮ




46.  С   æһУѾ쵽

æһ, Ѿ쵽ˡ
ջЪһ̽һֱڶţ϶ɣ򸣲Ҫһֻ׸ɾĸ, ̰һ
ֻĸŽ, С, һѱصĢ, ȼʱŽȥ, Ӫζ
ͷչСЩ, ջ¯ǰ, ˭֪šž˯ˡ
ٴ̰ѵģ
, զ˯, Ӷܰ
ջ۾, һ, ⶼһˣȻС˯ôʱ䣬ļ, æҪȥ, һŷֻȫˣ㵱ˤڵϣ
һæһѷסŮ㡢㣡ǽˣ˵⺢ӣ̾ͳȥ죬Ͳ֪տԼ
ջŽѾֱ죬׵龢ȥˣæ̳ûԷôڲŻ
Թˣ̷Ű, ˵ɶҲлǳһ٣
°ɥ£˳뵱һʽϯ⣬ͣڼҲÿдæںԶĿˣȻֻǼ򵥵Ĵͷ˭Ҳԣûɶ߼ҽ˼ҶǳԾĻؼң鷳
Ůûԣһջ˵ûԣæŮȳԷ
̫̫ƿǣһݾζˣţ׼ǰŮóԵˣ⼦ʵ
˵ŻȸŮʢ뼦ûԷȺһǣӸ㿾ͷ죡
ջ¯ӣ¯ﻹʣպľ̿Ҳû̶֣ԼϳʣͷÿӴϣŵ濾һͿƤ࣬һһ硣
ջļܿԹһͷ
̾Աߣһߺȼһ߿ŮԷʱʱҪȰڡ
Ե㣬һҪȥ㶡̫үУʱҪͦԶԱҰһö͸ˣ
νġСǳǰһ죬ТҺѴŸԤĹƷֽ߳ӣһ·Ѱһˮλúõĵطͣ£ϹТǷ㵻󣬽ֽţŮţӡͯӡͬƷһյһһ̣չ˼
ȻҲû˸ֽˡֽЩҲǴϵ㹩Ʒ߶߶Ժǰ͵͵յֽ
ջǺЩأһһ͡
үӸϵɣҪڼͣĻ͸ϳˣ˵߲˲񡯣šʮֲã㶡үһͶϳˣүٲɶĶֳɵģ´ֶںɽһϣҲûɶ׼ˣ
Щпү۶Ůһֱڼǣ㶡үҲİ
ڼҶͣһ죬ҲͶһ죬ҪĶᶼæ˵ⶼǻģѱ鷳ΪǷ¸飬̲Ż˵
˼һ̸Щеģջ̶룬·룬̫̫ȥ߲ӿС꣡
ƼľСӡֻ¶ͼ͵Сһʱ̵һ
Ů˵СҲ˵Сͦġ
̫̫ҲŮᱻҧˣⲻ˶˵䣬ջ´αôðʧһײɶ޵Ļ˵ķܸΣգ
ջæ̱֤Ժһע⡣
С꣬ͳȥ˶үҡ
ʱĶԺѾվ˲ˣ˺Ӻ̫߲Զ·ˣ˻ˡ
ԼĪСʱһֱտʼƮѩ
СʽʼТҳӴͷһ·һɨ㣬߱ɨ˼ɨȥǰϰ
Тĸǿ׳Сӣ̧ջۼĿǰ߸̧ɺմ
ٺǴүӵǣջ̣ԱվŴһҡ
ǵջûֳ棬һֱվһߣ󲮺ʹýΧм䡣
һֱߵ˴￪һƬ̲أүôͣ£ȻڹТǵͷΪֽүͳߴ˼䡣
̲ؿտܴջվȺλЩԶòǺ壬ֻԼǻȥĶ̫үൣˣҲΪ
ȥ·ϣȥʱƮɢһѩͣˡ
չŴһȦŽ壬˵Ϊ˲ߵһ
½̤ڵʱһվȻڶһǣ⴩͸ŨܵƣڱȺɽơѩǵСϣ־Ķǵ
ջһĨңԶĽɫĳ˿
쵽ҵʱ򣬺ȺͻȻһ
Ŀ졢Ҳ죬ջ̶ûϣֱڶ綡̫ү󣬶ʽлڣͬĴ𣬲֪ô¡
ԭ조С׼Իؼң軹ȥҲһٷдһӸһ٣
˵˼ȥԷҪôæģҪôģɶ
˵ɻʱûˣ͹˵񣬴ļҲͶëǮǼҿۿѾ֣ǼүӰµʱû˭ùôƱҲ°ֲ׹ˣ
֮һͨǰ߸һүһߵ㶼סȥְקؼˣ˵ȥһ٣춼׼ݣǶ߹˶ˡ
ջҲҲʵ̫ռСˡ
һջС̡̫̫һȦԹˣ˵ϯզôͣԭû㲻߶Щ߰ˣɺã
԰̴һģƤҲû̧ɱ̫磬˳ǽͲӶסſڣҪɶҲãŰɣ⻹ûϯأ
Ȼʽϯϵһ˵ʱͶһȦŲ鲻Ը󱦣׺һŮֺˡ
ڴԵãҲû˸кҲܣŶѰ˸Ӿͼջͷ˫ӣһ˫Լһ˫ŲͼһӲ
ԼţкӣϽԣͷأ㣬һûˣ
λøջţһ̧ͷͿջϺỮ裬ٿͬᷳѾ߳ĵʱʹסˣ
Ųԣ
Сͨôһ䣬ܳȥˣ
¹ȥⷹûأ
׷Щ᲻ϯ棬ԥһ˲һͷľͷ׮ƵѾͷ˾һã۾ͰˣûǵˣϽȥ׷
Ů̶˿һæͷһһĳȥˡ
״һǷȥˣȥһˣXȥˣ¹ģһȱ۶
ʱջԱߵĴ̺Ȼ顱һӣһȣɶط´࣡͹ȥ㹫ŵʱ򻹵ýаһɩӣӺܹٽ̵Ķ
ϵŮȸ&zwnj;һ¾ͳȣٲ֨ʵʵλϣҲ֮ǰӺɣͬ˶ĺܣ
ջߵתͷ͸̱˸ĴָɩӣʰУ





47.  ֶΣһ   һӲˡ

һӲҪջ, ҡͷУˣҪǻǰȥɣ
̾Ȱ, ۲һʶǾǸɽ, ϣ
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
û, ˰ٷˡ
ǰɥ, ϶̫үǡϲɥ, ϯ䲻ѹ, յջҪࡣ
ҼĻǴ, Ůϯ, Ů߳˴, ֦ʹϱ, Ҫȥ°æϯٵ
ߡ¡ϯϲƷҪ, ҪΪܺաܱ
һ, ֱǰײ廨⡢Źɲ, һͷˮƴ̣һ󶹸
ڱأ¡ϯϲܼˣһһ󶹸ԼĪȡ䡰һסβ֮⡣
ÿ˵ζõǶ֮ǰûüɱϺ㣬ҳһ󶹸ôʢװ
Ƕ, ʵϣҪǸ۶ࡢƵģʢ˵С˵ͷҲҲⶡòֵǮͷˮ棡
Ȼ˼Ҳ٣ջƼ˵⻰ͷԵۣʱҲ֪˭ҵġʷˡ
˵ٷҳʮ㣬ʣ˶ͦģڹصҶڿ޶˽
ͬʱԶǧ֮ıУҲΪһپϯ˼ҵ
ž
ֵŮ˵ϾǺݺһ⣬Ůֱȵϣ
ǣüҰϯǰȥæΪɶĥĥ䵽Էȥղܵģǲ̫ˣ
ܷſɳϣ˲״һȦգ̹ǵĺ⣬ٻͷʱȴѾһίӣյ˸ǰ͵
ʤˣҲǹҪģҾǡٳŵʱͻȻе㲻ŽϲӣҪǲȥˣⲻǸôùͷ𣡡
ЦһܣֻҪɵɶ첻ԴۡƨۣԷǮʱ򣬿û߶һ䲻ܣôӵԩͷˣ
ܷæʤô˵ǼĲˣҼǵһֱҪһëţҽȥ̵ëߣָ֯һòã
ȴЦ֯ë£ҿ˳ɶŷĺӸǮذɣ
ܷһֱĨᣬһίʤ֪ĲõĵطҲô˵ңҿһһӵġ
ȴŵϺݡޡһĭղܵģװˣǸʲôɫˣ
ǰһץסܷ죬ָݺݵΪ㻹ǸίµϱҽԺĴʿأޣ
Ӿ㣬Ժ󰲰ֵַģźүҪˣҲôҪȻĶģ͹ĶȥӿɲɶƢ
˵꣬һѽܷ˳ȥҲܶԷһӼײ۵졣
ȥϰ࣬ѷ˶ǰãҶӷѧзԣҪ֪ٸҶӳ㿴ôʰ㣡
ôһ䣬˱ˤųȥˣ
ܷڵϣһַֻŸղűӺײһµĺűˤϵĴţҧгǧģôңｫôʰ㣡
һǹ۾СˣŴӵСӶգȻ࿿λһ飬һƿڴ
ˣֲòҳҩƲһ
Ѿ˰ƿҩƣܷͶµ
ʤǸʳƷɱģѿ˵ԸǴֱһԲϾҪ֣ҪǿʸߡãԼǻô
ܷԹѵ̲ס⸱صĳˣ
ѸǸС/˳鷳ߥܵĸ飬ϳܼţ
⻹㣬ܵǸ˵ȻһҲ侮ʯ˵ҽԺǵ¶ɨأֱӱ
ԹŮܷⱲӶƲ
ռǸѾͷܵ˵յһҴţ粻ƫƫѾͷ֪֮
Ѿͷ֪־ǿйأʮа˾žΪ˱Լдģ
뵽һеףзߺ޲ѣ߬סҩƿӵָָⷢף
ЩˣЩʧȥһеˣһҲŹҲҪǳһСɥȮһĸо
ܵĺͽѸڻûʲô취ԸǸѾͷĻһֳɵķܱȥ
뵽ʲôĲܷ˹ǣܵĹâ
˼ƻܿҩƣٴδ򿪹ӣײһ·ȡһдõţ¶պãȻ󴩺¡ϵͷʹҴҳš
һȥͷӭһ˹͸
æ˲ӣִֻް
ܵһɥֱûܴܼҴһֶ˹ʳòŻִίʤǸĵ
ɺ򵱳˵컨׹ȰŪ־ˣްͰˣӴ¡ؿ㣬һҲϸ򣬺ÿѶûУʮһ´帾
ֿ۵˾ͻһӵ/ĳ
ܷҧź磬һ·ߣڰСʱ˱Ĵֶıӱݡ
ȵſھңͷŵľһֺõͬ־ͼݣܲ鷳Һһ¹¯ˮԣ
࿴˿һЩмĿۣӲһ䡰ţˡ
ԼĪġӣǸȥ˵ľͻˣ󻹸Ÿʮĸˡ
һܷ۷Ź⣬ʱͷһάͷβǵģȲ׽ҲԶ
Ҳ⣬ŲֱܷԱߵǽǱȲܷվȣ־һѣٺЦϣ׵ģְǼǸɱ۸˰ɣզǲҸ簲οˣ
ܷæֵצĿ¿˿ȷûɶ˾˿ܻǲǷˣ棬㲻˼ҿ˾ٱ㣡
ȴΪ⣺ɶ˭֪߸ίεĺŽģ˭Ҿٱͷϣ
ܷΪƲ죬˼ϱԶףһٰʮˣ治֪ʲôɇNɪģ
뵽ļƻȫҪȻҪ˳ŶԷ
Ը磬˵ǣ˼ôܸһ
Լ͵ίҲǲ֪ʤƢҪ֪ˣǵûҵƤɣ
˵ǼǿӵƢǿǸҴҽԺͲ֪£̻ˣ
˵ܴԣΪϱסԺʱΪһ㼦ëƤ´ֻʿվ֮ԼʿǸ˲ʶġ
ܷôһ˵Ҳ̲סԼĸϻʱ࣬ҲЩӣﲻʵһ䣬Ѿʶһ
ܷǸԽϣȴ˿¶ֻԵˣԸ磬ⶼаûˣ˵˵ϴ㶢ǸûУ
Դ˴°ͣЦЦˣ
ܷ۾һæ׷ʣʲôʱģڻڲڣ
ôУԷŻشһ˫۾һɫ//еϴתһߴʣӣ˵Ҿˣ˼һôʦ׸ɶϵ첻Ҷ˼ң͵˳ŷ졢ż˵òǸ/ɣ




48.  ֶΣ׽    һ󺮷ι

Է˵, һ˫ɫﵱģܷҲһͻͷҪ汻/ϣһҲ, ֻǿѹм, ֵ˵ģⲻ͸͹Ǵ֪λʦҵ, ȥô, ôͳ/ˣ
֮ǰҲԼ˵λÿ궼ӷصĴʦ, ڱʲô, ټ϶Բܷ⸱ǻõ̬ʮ, ˳զֱ, Щ¸ɶ
ܷһ, ˵Ϳ㻹ţ͸Ƶ, ֮ǰȵԷθ˼ҵθڵԽߣĶԽüǮǿ&zwnj;Ǹʦ, ȻҪ׬һʡ
Աһ۷ɵĹͷҪˣһһۡ, , ˳Ƹռˣϣô˵ǺôҲԵķݶˣǼʤ𣿡
ܷӦЦԽãʲô£Ը簡Ժӿɾָأҵ˺ôȻһҲ㣡ΪԺĽץĻۿǧܴ
Ա仰Ļŭţ׼˱ѣմЩôͲƵİλʦҹ, Ϣһֳŵ¶ѧһ顣
ܷ꣬㽫ӼǷ˳ɿԸ磬ٰҵһţһˣͻͬҼ棬Ұ֪鶼ﻻôʱ˵˫˫Ҳ£
ԶŲİΪһڽ˽²𿪹ֻǼ򵥵仰ûͷûβģٰĥúûɶĵطͰ͵͵ţ
ǺɫҲȻѲܷĻ棬ϾŮͦһ׵ģôʱ䣬ҲأûԵ죡
ԽԽǴӵĵţҲɶҲ˳ˮ飬Ļᣡ
ӣģүǱ׼°װ׵ģ
û˵仰ͷֵ𣬲ܷۿŶԷŻȥšޡһݺݵӲӲĶʲôүǣ
֪Էһ֮ǰһŵݳȥܷ黹Ǻܲġ
ԤУһǸʦһῴ&zwnj;ţȻͻ
ܶ˶֪λȨƵʦΪˣһԽʮϵ·ޣ
Щ꣬ͽ˶漸緭ȥˣ˭Ҳ֪λʦҵ˾ڱǶ·ʵΪǲ˵䣡
˾ʦʮǰ͵ߵŮǶԷǵ͵ߺӵף
֪һлҪʮǰ˵
59죬Ϊ齫һһֱûУɷȫ䣬ʱڸֳԺϰ࣬͵͵õҽԺ޵ĻᰵиԼ飬Ӷ֪ԼⱲҲ޷ʵ
Ϊ˱סԼܣǴεĽ޻ᣬйҽԺһλпƲҽһαȫ޷ʵһ
Ƕʱ䣬Ϊ˳ɹ˵ҽӦ£ְ֮͵͵꺮ůС˴ҽġ
һĩ֪ǸҽԼڰ칫ֵ࣬û뵽·ΰ칫ҵʱſһװˡ
ʮӢƤܰףȴ˿һ̾װǳĵȳʡҲӡ̵Ļһ˫۾
ô䡢״ķۣܶŮ˶Ȳϣ
˫ޣҲһֱкӡ֮ҴһƳȴʱ
˲ƻҽİ칫ңͿһĲǰѯʣҽͷһиӷżҵԺǰæЭһӤߵİӡ
֮ǰǸˣæǲ٣õ˶Է϶Ĵ𸴡
ʱҲ֪ʲô˳һ䣬ԭǸ͵ߵӤλٵĺӣ
58³һʮ·޽Ӥ͵ߣٺ鵽ǺܿܰѺշת˱УԲר̹顣
ڿѰһ޹λٻ˸˼·58·֮ǰһʱҽԺвķ޵ȻһŲ飬ַ˼άҳӤˡ
¾ٲϣίԺԺΣôһһҽպñ˵ĵ
Ϊֺҽһֱһϣӡ̡
ε󲻾ãٴδҽ˽˵ĺ
ԭǸַʽڱҵһԿɵķޣ58·˴һµŮӤʱպܶϡ
źǣŮӤóѪBͣλٺ˶OͣBѪĺӣŮӤʧĺӡ
֮Ǹڱϸ˺ܾãҲûʲôջҽҲûٱָĹ
ȴһֱǵ£ֱ64һ죬ǰ־ǿżŮֳԺ롣
Ѿͷĵһ۾ǰҽԺľ٣Ϊһ˫һģһķۣͬʱǵһỳѪԵϵģ
Ҫ־ǿŮʱ58ԺʱʱҲǾ·ݣ
Ȼ֪ǶԷΪʲô͵˺ӵΪȷԼĲ룬ôĻ͵͵ѾͷѪͣȻOͣ
ϲôɺϣѾͷ϶Ǿٵ걻͵ߵŮ
֪ҪܵһȷǳˣΪֹһ˵ǸٵļôˣǶôȨƣ
ʱͺȻһ뷨ѾͷӵԼߣĸô᲻ǸԺյļͥϵأ
뷨һʰһ͵͵ų⺢־ǿ˽ŮĴԣ˱־ǿѾͷøһְдǾٵϢΪԼԺԷ׼
ϧã־ǿΪ£ǸٴΪҽԺߵЧ룬֮ûٳֹֺͶԷĽײ̫࣬Ҳûʲô棬һȷǳ˳
Ƕʱ䣬ЩĻģԲžͣ֡
ֱ66ȫͶӵֽίεۣȨٴлǸ١
ʮȥѾżʦȫʾ֭ҲҪͽĶ˵Էڱһ·ޣʹİæˡ
˵ҲǴɣ66ڸ綯ĳ˸ίᣬ֪ʦŮĹԱҪô·šҪôߣ˶µʵ˽⣬ֻΪһԵ그µĻӡ
ֻ֪ԷҪҵˣһ֪Ķ
ٴȻһϵѾͷԼĸһͨбˮ԰ĸʦš
ϧҲ֪ĸڳ˴һֱʦѾ뿪˱УԷҲûӦ
ԼԺȫͽѸһɱֲֵķ֮ţֵ˸ίſڣȫְͣλҲ
ҲûһջΪǴֿȥʦԼҲлᣬǽŵ˵ڶţԼҪ֪ͳ̸һ̸
Ϊһܳɣû뵽Էûг֣ȥԣ֪ԷԼʱ֮ǰİСʱλʦѾҴҸϻ˷졣
ܺãùһδʧ
˵һٶԼһֱôùһΣʧȥᣡ
ǸѾͷܷʧȥһУҪĸⱲҲ޷ϣ
Ҫúһ룬ȵĸλʦʱҪʲôĻλ׳׾ң
ڴ

һ󺮷ιƽס̫нҹת




49.     ҹĻĺϣбݶ¥һ䷿š

ҹĻĺ, бݶ¥һ䷿ſֹأľԱŷ߽˷ڡ
һֱڴߡû쵼̲סȰ׳Ե㶫, Ѿˡ
˰˰, , С, 鷳, ʵڳԲ¡
С̾˿, ˷, ֿʦһֻһֱ߬ŵǷ, ü, ̲ס׳, ҪҪȰ˿ס
ֺԶҡͷˣܹͻʽ, ȻһţȷʵʲôõûҪݾ, ˳˼һ, ͼֻҪɾ裬Ǿһץš
С˵ͷˣ׳ȫ
ֺԶȴûֻֿǷѾεż
С״ĬĬ˵һԡ
ֺԶţƤɸɾһδ污һҳֻֽ仰֪ҪҵˣṩϢ, һ㵽й԰˹ߵôµҡ
һģһݵţһյ⡣
һʮһ³žľԱߵĸǴοһ죬ڵʱȻڱݷſڼţдŵ̫ᶨûаǶЦ
ֻϧĩβעѾǰԼӡ
ǱԿ̬ȣ˵ڶ׼س̵ļƻԱߣԼٿǸ˻᲻֡
򲻸ˣû죬ܿյ˵ڶţֻ߸ɳ˵״ǱҪϻȥִ˵ڶμĻᡣ
ǴΣ˱ӵһλѣ⣬ĵȵһԼʱԼصˡ
Ѱһ·вܷŮˣ鵽ļҡĹ˳ϲ鵽бݹ¯ǸӹҲͽΪʲôȺź׵ĳ
鵽ŮҽԺΪпһλβĴ򹴴ɼ飬˱ҽԺ֮˻顣
ɺϵǣǸȾдл֢&zwnj;ϣǰ⼸ڸίְ棬ӦҲ֪˵¡
Ůϵɺʵ̫࣬鿴޹أȴǧ˿Ƶϵһ㴰ֽܲԣȴ޷ࡣ
Ǹһڷ񣬾ͣĸ˹ҪúÿŮ˵ײʲôܣǲŮ
üġ
ʮˣܶڼӶึһػ£ΪԼҳߣŮҲͱ͵ߡ
ô꣬ÿֻҪһ뵽ĺӱĳһ䣬Ų֪ûľͻ۵ܡ
Щ꣬Ϣʱ䣬Ӱˡ
ߺܶ˶Ϊһ·ޣȴ֪׷Ů䡣
Ǽ֪˺ӡҺӵġˡʵ̫࣬ÿ¶һŮŮ͵ҡ
Ȼÿζᱻ࣬ǼȴҪһδξ޴ʧĥЩԴΪʸͽ壬˺ļˣѰŮıʱ䡣
ûôʱ˷ѡ
⣬ХϽһƬɫ˪
˪ֺԶԺﲻȻֳһŴЦĲ
ϴڻվǰһżȻŮӣźʵӵСɱӰǻͷһ˲ǿҵϤС
ϧ³׷ȥʱǺѾˣһ۵Ϥһִ
ʱգ޷ǡ
ֺԶһŹֻһ̣ĵ﷢Ը
ܹӣŮЩҲǸһ֣³ͷһҲûϣҲԸ

峿ջ𴲵һ¾ܵ￴С꣡
Сһ˵ĵ죬Ѿȫû˵һʱήңһѼʹӿ϶ͣĳ﹩ӵġ
ջιЩһŻݡ
³ˣҼҪ࣬䣬ҲղôʳģԴסײһֵؽСĶΪ
һĸƶôɫġɫġưɫġмɫһĻɫɫͦÿ
ķ󣬿ڸɳһ춹˰࣬ҲǵճҪϡ
õʳĲ٣˴סס֮ǰڹ򵽵ĻǮҼĺ춹̶Ŵףټջռڵĺ棬Ȼô˰
ֱ֣˵ǽ³Եһ࣬ɽֻǼһˣ
ҪٰȵϰһЩĶŴԤˮϣҲûɶ׼ˡ
ջȥ󲮼ҡȥʱݵطźȻһ죬ŵòӿϵ
ڿͷߵҲһ£ѽ˭ָͷ©ˣ
ջЬµأȥţһ䡰˭ѽճڣվŵ˾һ㶡
裬ţã
ջֱû뵽Сˣ
ľӽ쿪Ǹ˳ҲɽˣСʮа˾ûסԼܳˣ
վڶ棬һԼСźôûӲҲ֪ţڼҲ֪ʲôӽ̹ˡ
˭զݰ
̼Ůȥžû˶ŸųһſڴվŵСҲǵһ㶣ʶͰŮԼԱߣСզˣ
Уȥ
ջæס̫̫̣ûõģɽˣ˵үҲãڣҲûʲô취ҿ˰ɣ
Щԥһզ죡
ջ۸վſڡͷֱԼˣΪ˺ԹԸɻؼңԼ˵ԷĻ
һ˫¶޹۾ҲЩ飬ֻðο̡ҲοԼӦûɶ°ɡҿô֪š
Σǰллˣͷɱۼ©ˣ
ջ̸ˣӻſС໡һɤӣ裬Ҷ
ģզС衯УͷǸú˵˵㻹ǸСأզôа
СòջӦԽջûҪˣæȥ
󿴵ֱ̲̾ס˾䡰ɶ°æ˹ȥСͻȻƢŮ
ΪСһ߶ŶջѰ˼Ÿ㷹ԱˣҲе⺢ƢˣҪܰѶˣͻܶࡣ
˻ȫ֧Ϲǰһ׷ˡ
Ϊ˵ʱ䳤ˣСﲻͷջֱÿռһＹһСƬϹӴнƶ͸ɺһС⡣
¹ⲻãֳһײƬûش䡣
ʱСﱧŷ࣬һ˸⣬˵ˣһİ׷Ҳһûʣ
ֱ̿죬Ҳ̫ܳˣҲ֪Ǽզô󣡡
ջͷǧǼҶˣϻ˰ֻӣͷԸҵôȥʳ
ջֱ֣æο̣̣û£Ҫڱ˼ǳ£Ҳɶ˵һʮҲĻ͵°ɣ
Ҳ˵˵ԼҵǶҲһڳԵġŮǸġָҲŮǵ˵ˣȻģǶȷʵӦã˵һˣҪŮĻԵأ
һٳԵֱСۼǳԸˣ·͸ջСβƵĶĶ
ջһƣ֪ȥ˴󲮼ˣŽûˣ׼һЩš
԰Ƕһδľ֦̫̫ԼģҲմ󲮺Ŵġ
ΪճļЩľѾˣͷһܶϣ񵹲ɶۻ
ջ˸ССţԼ̣һһ£
һľͷû꣬ǱСͼչˣ裬ң
ջĸӣæҪסԹ£ͼСԼһŲôֵСɣǲһֱһأǶɾľͺһӣջ̶סˣ
໥˳˵֪⺢ⳡ滹ǿһؾһأ
ǱСһһҪ衱ɻǲǲһ׶೤תһľΣ
ջ˿ڿˮȰǸСﰡǲæˣȥϢòã
Сﷴˣɻ
Ȼɷ˵Ͱصľ֦˸رȴʵľͷһֻץģֱջϵĸͷһľ飡
Աջ̿õսľ⺢Ӻ֪ɻ˲׼ĸӣû㲻ԾĵطԼǶҲͰСʱĹͰѸ߸ߵһľһ룡
˲ַǵҪջѲ͵
˲ӸͷСÿװջֻõöһ⺢һĸ·ƮƮģ
ôʿæԭԤҪɰĻһСʱˣ
ֱ̾˳ԵĶ࣬Ҳб£ǿϧҪȻ޼һ׼ȫõ˼ң

ͷһߣһıй԰˹ϣܷԼǰʦҲץӸεţ統Լļƻܹʵ֣˵ʹǰλԺյľ٣ΪڱõŮˣ
ϧ뵽Ǹһƻգ˾صˣµзɿһĨԹޣ̧ͷʱȴЦ
ʦҽһ£ҽвܷ֪ܲң֮ǰڸίʳȥҡǰøʱ졣
ȻиԶģҾͲ˵ˣ֮ʦ㣬Һܸˡ
ֺԶʱ¶һȻı飬Ȼͷѹ֪ҡͬ־Ѿյˣ֪Ҫҵ𣿡
ܷԣ˹ǣЩĪҪҵˡأҿܾͲ̫Ҫһ˵Ļ㲻һ˽ⲻأ
ֺԶɫ䣬ͬ־ʲôֱ˵ǿ
ܷ⻰ʱһڵȵ˶Է˵仰Ļᣡ
ǮλȨʲôҪ
ҪҪкˣһ٣
ķţ֪ԼҪԵˣǿѹӿ⿴ܣ˵
ֺԶĬ£ǱƬ֣ӦûʲôˣǿȥǱߡ
ܷûзԡ
ȵܷƳֺԶСʦǵ̸ҲҪ𣿡
ֺԶҵľԱȥ
˸ӣܷҲ⣬ĶôӶԷõĺô΢һ£̽ſڵ˵ҲżȻ֪ʦҪҵǸŮӣһʱ䣬Ҳʮ˰ɣ
ֺԶȻԼŮ˽ⲻ٣ǸռϵҽȷʵԼ͸¶˶Է
ֻЩ뿴Է֪ʲô
Ȼأ
ܷԷƺе㲻Ϊһת˹ӣȻҾһ׮ʮǰľ£Լ58·ݵʱȥҽԺһѣ˭֪ȻҽԺĲһִ
ŶԷѻ˵ĺִ˫˼һǸʱ˵Ҳ˹ĵˣһȴһԱźӵ·ޣ濴ȫûʲô
˵ͻȻͣ£ЦЦĿֺԶ
ֺԶһȴʮ򶨵˳ŶԷǮӣҪʲô
ܷ˵ҶҪأ
ǾҪֵֵˣ
ܷһЦҸұ֤˵ĶҪģҲҪ֤˵ӦеҪ󡣡
ֺԶĬһ˲Ȼŵ˵ͷֺԶ˵ʶҵӦö˽⡣
ܷ̫УֱӱĻסѹûϸ룬ԷĻʵû֤ʲô
ʮþȣ㽫֮ǰıĻ˵˳
Ҽִڲ͵һԭǶ·ҪǸ˹ӣǺѹͲģǴӰİ͵ģ
˫ԭԼҪҽԺſһֽӡһֽǮģֻû뵽͵ĺӸճãټ·ûչ˺ãǺӾزȵ˫Լ׵ʱ򣬺Ӿʣһˣҽ˵βˣȻҪȻͳˣô£
ֺԶǾ䡰βʱ򣬺ͷһһַֻ߬ȭͷ
ܻţŮ˲ʲôˣ˵δؾʵ
ȻֺԶεĺܺãɲܷǿ˲䷢׵ɫһ⣬̲סһһأҾǵģʱҲǺӹֿģ˵ų죬ϣһСأ
ҿ·ͦ׵ģǸ˹ҲǸٵģⲻ±Ǳֻܱˣ
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ˣһֱվֺԶСۼ׳ԼĶѪˣæǰֹܷ
ⲻһ֮ǣ׳ƾʲôҪ㣡
ܷȴһͬĿֺԶʦ֪ûʵ˵ĶģµҲЦҸԭҽԺпƲ֢ҽôϵӦòİɣ
ˣҲǴ֪ЩŻͻȻǰһ£Һ֪ݣʱԼϾԹˣԾû˵ⲻĲ
СֺȵΪʲôֿ˵ˣ
ܷε㣬ⲻһʱù˹𣬿ܵûֻʦæˣ
ְĿ׼ֺԶʦ룬ʧŮʱ䡢صǶ·͵ӵʱ䡢صôһ£˵Ҳǲ鵽͵ӵһԱ¿ķһ׮׮ģܲôɺϰɣ
䣬ֺԶӺȻһΣ
׳Сæǰһѽס
ѽʦҲѹ˵Ǻҽ˵ȲɣҲգǷҲǲܵӡ
ι㻹˵
СԲܷŭĿӣ浱Ů˷ǹģ
ܷȴΪ⣬ֺԶҵӣʮʹ죡
׼ǰ̻߬ڶԷñֵ̫ʱ˾鷳ˣ׼ο䣬ôû˵һ仰ֺԶʵ㵱ʱûҵŮ㻹ǲǵʲôӣ
˱УѾˡɥŮ֮ʹ
˲ܷ⣬Ǿ¿ʵҵʱŻ濴˼ۣŮðװ׾ͦÿģ
ֺԶĿȻһʵ˵ҵŮʱͷпĺ룬Сʱһģһ𣿡
룿
ܷһ˲Ѿͷûк밡ò뺢뵽񾭴ңǲ˰ɣ
ˣȰ˺סҪ˳˵ô
ǣֱӵͷǰǿź룬Ưˣ
ͷβһֱֺԶͻȻһɣ֮ǰֻűʹʵȷĿģӦûܸˣ
ܷһϿҵĵͷۿģ
ֺԶȴȻ֮ǰֱ࣬ɫĶԱߵСֱӵŮץ
ܷԴʧɫƾʲôҪץңҷʲô
ֺԶĿŶԷԼľԱץСһڵأӸµƭ׳̽Ա٣и֮ͨ/飬ÿһ㹻͵ũ͸ĸʮꡢʮ꣡
㡭
һ̣ԷΪִǹֵдѪƺεͷųòܷһľսȻʶԼԷϵر𣬽һкпܾǸĴ
ŶԷеĿ־ͺڣֺԶǰһߣھͱ͵ȺСǰǶĻһܸȤ

ڣ㻹һλʵҵŮĶ





50.  벻ҵľ   һ仰ܡ

һ仰, ܷ͵̧ͷЩţ㡢ôᡭôµǺûղŵӷѾĻ
ֺԶȴЦ̫ˣ˵ǿŸڵĺ룬˵ģŮʱʮǰ, 㵱ʱǸſ˼, ܲܿһ, ˹ôҲ϶ģ
ȴشն, ֻһֿ, , ѹû˵Ůкʱ, һʱֵľȻǳɡҲԥ, ֱһ, ˵֪ûк, Ҳ˵м
ҵŮȴֱ˵, һһȡң޷ΪѾ, ǡǡҲ˵û֪䣡
ʵȷʵһӰ, Щһ˲ɥʧж
侲һ룬£˽ͨһ͸ȷǸ͵ŮټԴҽȡԼʱʧӵĲ࣬ѶûѶȡ
ʶԼѾĻĻԺܿܵһʱͱԷʶƣܷϵ𾪱˲ʣѿڵѵոǸӶǹװģ
ֺԶȴֻ䶢˿ûлش˼
ܷҧס촽״ȥ, Լǳ˶ԷðżѵҰ֪Ķ㣬ܷܲһ
ֺԶȴֱӶסС͵ίᣡ
Ҫ
ܷһ֪ҪǲԼ֪Ķ˵ضк³ٲˣʲôѵһμδҽйص£Լȷ־ǿŮǶԷŮһһʮ
͡ȻʱѾѪͣ־ǿŶŮйôһΡһңҲҪŮ¸㣬ҡһʱʹӦˡ
ٺ־ǿˣǸ費ԸŮҪԼϼңͰӸ־ǿһܣ
ܷѩϣ˫Ѿɿ봹ͷĿ˸Ǹܶͦõģ˵ѧػԲůģ˵º󣬾ͦԲ⺢ӣصȥ
ҲûӣԸԸҡǺûͬ⣬˵־ǿǸְӻȥˣ˵ǡ˵Ҫشɽﻻ񣡡
˵̧ͷֺԶһۣԷȻûʲô飬ЩֻӲͷƤǿԱ⣺Щˣ֪ĶѾˡȻ֮ǰ˵ƭ㣬Ϊ治֪Ķ
ҡҲûб˼Ūôѡ˵Ǳռ̫̫ߵģҪҲȥռˣ
СæԼ׳һֱԱ߿֪ǰŮ˵Ļʵ׳Ӱģ׳һδܵĵĥ
Ůڻԣ˵Ҳδؾʵ
ֺԶȷʵĽƣŮǰ¶κζߣ
һ˫ӥ㶢סǱŮˡ
мһֱû㣬ڶбݵԸʱҾѾ˶סˡ
ŶԷΪֶȻɴ۾ޱ˵64&zwnj;65ڼ䣬һֱͨͬҵ£ȴһ񡣡
˵ҲɣǶʱøСӣԴŮʧ;״һֱܲãӻʮּѣڴӻеӣһеʱͻϻؼԽһʱ䲻ӡ
Ȼ¸߶Է
ˣѾ̫࣬޷һлȡôΪɾӰˡذйƵϣʲô⣬һ
һһ˵һ䣬ֺԶٲ϶࿴ԷһһͶŮС͵ίᣬֱΣûҽԺҽѾȥ͸ģܺúõĶ
ǣ
СʹӦһ˵ˣŮֶμ࣬һҪͷβٲѷɣ
㣬ŹҰɣԺ󶼲ˣ
ܷһһ߿޺ֺԶ飺ʦѾʲô˵ˣдŹһΰɣ
ֺԶΪǸԱѾץסܷ̲סƿڴֵģƭ㣬Ϊ˵ĶǼٻ֪һֱѰҵŮѹͲ㣡
˿̵ĲܷĿ״񲣬Ҳ֪һɾӲסСĽŲ
ŮΪ˱ҵɸ̫ŻɽȥԿ࣬ҲϷŹңҲԸ⣡֪ô˵𣿡
ݺݵĵֺԶĶ˵Ⱳֻһٳκˣ
ҵôŮǣΪĲңЩһһԭ㣬ⱲӶᣡ
죡Ůˣ
Сͷð˺ʱ˿̣ԼһͣȻһŮ˶קס
ܷȴץһлʦʵһңһУһУȴŮң
ֱСǸŮߣΧٴλָ˰һֱδֺԶȻ˻ӣ
һֻؿڣѵߵһôԣһֳֻɣð³һ
һֱڵƮѩ
ֺԶ̧ͷۺڳգһӻ䡣
֮ҵŮ㲻ԸٽǣҲְһĻ

ʱ֣ɽͷãڰѩϣε˼ۡ
Ϊ˻£ջĥŰȡ
ʱеĿˮĽƤ͸ǳʺ˺ͺӳԡ
һײڶĽӸշŽ̾˵ȥ޼ң޼үһʱүҲŮټô
û̫̫ųԺţǱ޼үŮѾŹչԼҹˣ
̾Ͱ˳ˡ
ջһμ޼ү˵ƣȴүӣҲ⡣
Ϊ岻õԵʣλ˸үүһһͲôˡ
ջüĿɫƣ߼Ҫһ£ۼ²ɶһײ˼ͬ顣
޼үžɩӣǶԲסûúӣָǼ鷳ˣ
æ˵ûϵҲ&zwnj;ǰСڼһԹĻʳֻ˵⺢Ӱ˺ܶ𣬿ǰ˲æ
޼үȻҲ֪ԼҺǸʲôӣֱҡͷɩӣǹ˵û⺢ʲôֳҲٶɣ˵˵ȥóӰʳ
̬̿ͦģ֪ôƾܣֻÿŮջ⣬ӹүүʵ֮ǰ޴Ѿ˲ˣҪϸĻǸ㲻ûҪմҵıˣ
⡭޼ү£ε֪ƣǻһһ룬ҲܴװͿⶫһҪġһȥгӻε
ջүʵڼ֣Ҳû˵ʲô
˼˼ҵԭ͵ҲãԷһֱֵνΪȻҲͲСˡ
޼үСȻǿˣȥȰСȥСﵹûôǶٻЩᡣ
裬ڡߡ
޼үĵúӣⲻ裬Ҫн㣡
С¾Ͳˣ޼үһ裡
үӳĬһŵúӣүģ裬һҲ뿪ٻҪ㣬ֻҪһֱ㣬Żһֱܳ𣿡
С˲¶ֵı飬۾кܿˮջ֣ͺߣн㣬ߣ
Ա죬û˵ʲôֻǿС̾˿
ջҲЩᣬСʮ㣬Ǽҳµʱֻ塢꣬޷Ƿۣ˵ǶһϦ븸ĸ롢Զ磬ĴصļһҲ޷ʹ
޼үɣ϶ҲҪܼʹࡣ
Ǹ֪ôˣ޼үԸŮԸļ䣬ҲҪСԼ裬ȻǺ¸Լδ鷳
æС֣ЦŰСԣĶҲȥԺʱҽ棬㻹㰮ԵĲˣòã
ҲԱߵͷԣҲ
СΪЦ㣬̣桢ԣ
ջ̶Ц
޼үĿв¶һĨм
뿪ʱջѵһõĽӸװ˰ǴȥǴлСæ
޼үȲգ˫˰죬һͷСѾʣµİӶһˣ
޼үҲٵ飬һĶŽӣСȥˡ

һȣڶˣصһࡣ
иͳϵ׽˼֮ụࡣ
˵˶ԼҰõһ͹ҽӹ󣬰൹ͷҪٴԼҹʢһ룬˼Ҵȥ
ôҡңͳȥԼҵ࣬ٴر˼ҵ࣬ĽԵ׽˼֡
ջԴ֪ͳ»©˭ңʱ򲻺ÿ͸ɴాһڴģ˲ǡ
úջȸʢһ룬̳һڣֱܷųȥˣ
˵չ﷿žͱˣ֦һˣ
־󲮼֦Ұ˴ססĹ̶⣬˲ٻͻƶ
ʱջһڣţ𣬹֦Ҳûٷǣ
ջԼҹʢһ¸ŵ֦ʱԷһ࣬ѽӣöҲ̫ˣˡаˣѽǼ׬ˣӣҿɿˣ
ʧЦһɶ׬׬ģ찡ɶʱҲˣ
˵ŻҲˣ֦ûˡ
ջ󲮼ҵһ׼ˣǵʢģһ裡࣬ջһС⡣
Сʱ̾˵رóԣŽ󲮼Ҳ㣬ƽʱ󲮼͵ɶԵģһҶգÿζð̰ŹãýŻ࣬һһ
ȻһӹʢӾͷԣƿ޲һʱ
öզָЩࡢģȥͰֵ˵
һͷƵģջֱЦ̲ס󲮺ʹ˵㰡Ǵ˵˵
һˣﵹǲ˵ֱôŰƨɳ飡
ջˣҲԱЦĩִϽȥˣ´ﶺöˣϽȥүүһûȥذɣ
Ҳ֪Ҫ˵˼仰͸æȥˡ
һ磬϶˲ˣи̽ãƽʱ߶ģҲջϿν̵ѧң֮һֱûˡ
ڼ䣬ջȥүͶүҲһ룬үһסүΪТûǰɻТȥ˼һǼ͡
ӶүûãϵĿˣɽɶ
Ҹռƽʱ࣬ҲǸͷĽ飬߶ջû뵽Ҳࡣ
ɽʱЩִ٣رǿջʢôʱæֲãֱ˵Լֻлһʦռ˵ģ
ջȻӦóʦͷȽϣ໥࣬Ҫֲ꣬Ǳ˭ҵాĸãһһʳһ㣬ͳռ˵ĵ
ɽסˣȻԹ͵࣬ߵʱһ̶Цˣֱ˵ջ̫׽Ūʵˣ
ɽ˲ãɶˡ
һֻȱ˲ƵĶװŵģװҲûã
ˣСһ·½£ģˣóʱ滹ǽһꡣ
ɶʱɥȦЩˣԡԲʦû뵽ô졭
ջֻһ۾ͿСӼ͵͵óģֻװ֪˵ģһȵĻ㡣
Ϊõջİοɶź˵㡣
ʱȻԺſиſӵС̽ͷ̽Ե߿ֻǲԼ֣
ջŮЩ죬ɶ𣿡
ɶͷۣ˵ͷʦ椣󱦵㣬ھӣ찳ԼҪһġ
룬ʦѧ֪ʶ˽̸㣬Ҳ͵͵̸椣ϴ͸ǦʺͱӣҲùһֱ˵һллֻ˼˵
ջ˵Ǹʲôζ̲ס̧ͷԺǱ߿ȴʲôҲˡ
ɶСͣʦӱȽС𲻸ˡ
ջҡͷʦûвˡҪлᣬ´ɶһΰɣ
ɶ¶ϲɫʦĿ𣿡
һ૵аͰæ͵͵ܳ椶Ͳˣ㶼ˣԼҲǡ˭Ҳҵġ
ջһ£漴صûϵģɶѹʦһ뵽취
ҲջļᶨȾɶСϺܿ¶Цݡ
ΪɶҪȥҲûʲôʱ˵ջȥ룬Сﶣʦͺãø͵ģ
ջȷʵҲûͣɴ෭ǰõֽһĻ͸ʽǹȥɶ
ɶʦǰĳУҪ໥˹ģʦҲ׼һ˹
ɶգȴ̲ס棺ʦǻ𣿡
ջͷͰһһ࣬һҪ͸Է˹һҪҪȥлأ˭ԲգòŶ
ɶȻΪ棬ֻǿǸȶ뻹һȦֽԥʦҪСİɣ͡ôС
˵ţĴָʳָһȦ¶мСס
ջҪЦˣֽ֣ȥлģŰɣ椻أ
ɶҲ֪ԼֻܶܽŻֽһͷˡ
һ죬˸յ&zwnj;һ˹͵͵һˣ
˹Ļִ࣬ˮӲӲģһֻѩӵǣô𣬼ⱲӳԹóԵĶ
ԺÿһˣңԶɽװʦҪ͸һ˹
һ˹ҲΪްʱΪһĨá
ںܶ󣬵˴ѧμ˹ΪһңȥܶطܶˣҪ̲סһʶԷĳû͡˹ϰס
ʵĶˣףνĻ˹ʵһ˵ˡ




51.  ջ֮У   ˹󣬳š

˹, 죬ү־Ҫ￪ᡣ
ջ˵ˣ̵άؿûˣֵ, ټǮҵһֱûüĳȥ, ĵĻ, ϶ϲ, ʹŲ䳵һȥ
, ʱ߻һƬ, ̱С, Ůֱ͵Ӳ, ·ϻü˵ġŮһȥ, ջȰסˡ
, ΰĲ˭ҵСڴҰ, ϻˣҰ޻˵ڴѩ
˶Ӳ, үҲŵ, ־󲮸հ׺á
˺Ĳݵӣ־󲮴ջү䣬滹˸ëӣջȥһҲ
̸ŮǺСӣַڴֽţʡöţ۰Ͱ͵Ŀǵ˴ڡ
֮ǰһڡʱǰеϹյҰ, ͷϺڶգŻ谵ĵƹǿߵİѩϣټϺĴ̼ջĪֽŲĸо
ܾһ̣ǿĴȻǰԵôС
ΪԼתһעү־
үү־󲮣˵ɽӽáȽˣȥǲμӱôᣬҪ̨&zwnj;ԣԲԣ
үЦû˵־󲮲ֺǺǵˣ̨ԣ˼үүȥүүɣǵƸͳ˰Ƥǰͷ¶ˣ
үŵɶƤǽȥͽаȥɶ𣬰һ
־ȴԲôΪ˵ģһҪûڣȽҲһֵ۰
ջΪɶô˵־ŸջԭɽӽáȽһ工ľߣҴ˾ЧйأһҪù鹦үһ¡
·ɣһү־ŴɽϷľأͼӲţͷææĴҹˡ
ԭɽֳ27ɽִзľʱ˴ΪԴү⸽ԶϷľүӹȥæָ㣡
⡰Ҳľһרŵлǰ˵˷ľʱжµķ򣬵ʱҪϾһӣԼ⵽֮һĵطͣ£Ȼ桢յһ°ߵλü⡣
ľԽԽӽмӵġǱİɸ޷֧ôܿͻᷢ΢ġž죬ڿʼбȻ˳ɽ¡
ǱȽһּǵߵľѾ͸õµĴȴٳٲʼάԭֱ״̬ͽд
һַǳΣյ״Ϊûκεµףȫάһֹƽ״̬£޴Ԥʲôʱ򵹻ĸ򵹣
ͬʱƽ״ַ̬ǳ㲻֪ġٽ㡱Ķʲôʱ򱬷ܿһԱ߶𶯾ƻƽ⣬´ͻȻ£˶ܲ
£Ϊ˰ȫľֻʵʵԭء
һٷﶼһһأҪĴɹֱ֣ӽһ׻ϵһֱͦΣڱȽ϶ԳƣøûһҪЩп
ϵ¾ô֣űҲϲһص£ֳľѾˣǴһһˣкüͻȻµľɽ֦辵˵ġ
Ѿǵˣֳ·ǳţͣ˵ʱִзľĸӣٶɳүӵ˳µɽͷ־󲮲Ҳ˹ȥ
ү־󲮵˵ط˳֡ĵطԼסʿүԡΪġ뾶һ׵ΧһȦҰͻȻȥɴͻȻ£ʿ
Ȼֳ汻סʿǲҪ߶ûҲҪ󺰣ֻҪĻȥͺá
˼ʿñӡˣһʹƲǵꡰľﴫϷӣϣЩķܴơܵƽ⡣
һûɶûɣҲүԤƵУֳ溰ʿʲôҲ͵ŷ
ʱ27ЩУü˽ȥү־סˡ
үӵĻ˵ȥǼǵһȣ˵һ̷ˣ˶ƽ¡
ôϵȵʮСʱȥˣɽûз磬ڼүÿһСʱΧŵʿǳ˺һλ
һΪ˸սѴǲĻŽ֮³һҲʱ߾裬ע߳ϡ
ôȵߵ࣬쳤ߵ컹ء
˴ĽεĬĬȴҲӦֺֹһļ尾ˡ
27ָԱ˾͵ʱүȻվϸһȻ͸˵ĳһͷע⣬ˣϽǶûж
Χ˲ûиоʲô磬үô˵ҲʮָˣָԱҲˣ˶ŲϸҼ뿴ǲˡ
ôֵ˰СʱȻΧҼζһֻȻһ𣺡˳ɽ
žɽѰһ죬ɽ֦ҶľֻýŵµĵƤŶ˶
ȷӦսʿһѷƵĳ˾촫ķûþʹӵʿЦ˳
һΣֳҲ˺䶯үĴʹ˴27ĹٱսʿǳүÿүȥֳʱֻҪ27ڣүȥ˵˵߸һ·ľ顣
ջҲү岻ѣ˵ʮУг״ԪⷥľƼ򵥣ʵͷҲвѧʣĵĻȻķʽ֪
һ·˵Ż콥ˡ
ѩߣٶȲСʱ͵
־󲮵Ļ˵Ҫ㲻ñȹ̨ƵСͳأ
ʱŰ˵㣬ү־Ǿŵӿᣬһʱ䣬ջȵӪ˶緹
˭ҲûջǮһԡ
ӪĶ۸ӵĲ࣬ɱȱӵĻ󣬾˵һͷջôˣ
־Ա߿ֱ֣˵̫ݣ˭ˣһͷӮˣ
緹Ҫȥᣬ־˵ƵӲܽջԼСͳȻȥ
Ϊѩ͹֮ĿͳѾĳÿһˣʱҲʮһ㡣
ڲŰ˵룬СʱҲջˡ
СսıȥҽԺ̿ҩ
ҽԺﻹϴʱ壬Ǵ˻٣ջǵһŽҺŵġ
ҽҲϴǸͷ׷үӣ־˵ƫԶҽԺҲ³û೤ʱ䣬Ųۣ漸λϴɲһˣΪˡҪ磬Ĵ˵˿оǼһ涼ѡ
ϴϴ̿ʱӡͦģϴȻջҲӡ˵̻ȥ״͵ͷ˵Ĳ̫⡣
ջϴο˵άأҲûʲôˣͰøϴ˵һ¡
ϴΣҡҡͷҲó˵ֲ֢˵ĵһλߣȥɼ𣬽µ̱֪ǹĿǰûʱ̫ܹʵƣҪ׻ָĿҲ󡣡
ջЩʧ䣬ŴºʹЦӣ̲ס૵ѵĲ漣𣿡
ϴЦοϴûʲôԵ飬˵漣ҽѧ練ڱĵطĸࡣСͬ־ҲҪäĿ漣Ҫһڿڳԣ·Ҫһߡ
ջܵϴ⣬æͷл
˵ĶϴֱֽдһַҴǰһͬ£أҽԺǰר֢Դȥһ¡
ջʮ־ϲ֪֮ǰ𳵵ʱ·/˸Сʱĳ̣Ȼ·л𳵣Ǳȴǰ㣡
ϴֽջʱֶһ䣺ûǹȥϴκͨŵʱǰʱᵽֳѲٲǾȥҲ̫㡣
ջˣҲû̫ʧϾʣʮˣô궼ȹˣҲһ£
æϴһ֣رл⣬ŽֽСպá
ҽԺ˵ûʲôɫǶĲ䣬ϴ˼λصشƺóֲСģ
Ǳײ˵뷨һԣֻһջ㲻οĻᣬʵĲѡ
ţҵʾְͶͲȻ꣬ȥ»ֵ䣬ϧոճﱸɣ鼮٣ջǿ򵽼̲ĺһС顣
ջ־󲮴ˣΪڹ绹ûСѧСѧĽֻ̲вɹ
ŷں͵ͣû̲ĿҲУȹ飬˵ҲԼѧУˡ
صվ֣ʱŸչʮӣһСʱջû£ֽǵĹӪ̵꿴
عӪ̵ȹĹ˲٣һ̨ڳˡΣȦǸʳƷӰٻЬñ¿㡢ë͸ʽ֯Ʒ
濿ǽһһҸһǮĳɣһ¯ӣһ̴ֱֳִ⣬յĺ㣬һҲ䡣
ΪûƱְֳ֤ջĶ࣬ЩҪƱĸ߼ĺǹ۽оһըĻƶͲ϶ϸκۣëǮһ
ջⶫ󲮺Ӧϲ߸־󲮺ү¾ƲҲһ˼
Ьñ¿ߵĹ̨󲿷ҪƱ޻Ʊޡë֮֯ҲҪҵƱڱӵİٻ̵ࡣ
ΪûƱǴһһ˵ģû뵽רǸ̨ۻԱȻסˡ
ǸʮĸŮջ󣬾ͽһ޴µĻᣬСŮˣǲûƱҪɶĻӵǮҸƱ
ջԼĶһˮҪƱġ߼ۻɰλ۶
֮ǰڱǻѾ˲·ë¡׻ȱǼȻѵһˣһ
ǵ˵ͷСʶԷʲô۸
Է̰ѲƱ޻Ʊ͹ҵȯļ۸񶼱һ飬ջһͦģ͵ͷʾͬ⡣
ۻԱʮָˣĿʼջܸ·ϡ
ջҲѡ
ӣȻûô˵ֻҪÿȥ϶һĸһˮʱҪӸ
ż³ԷȻͨͨķˣջ﷢һһͼС㡣
ÿ磬ؼҵʱֻҪһͷܿһվſĬĬĿ뿪
Ҳ˵иŮҲջ˰ɡ
ջԼ˵ĴҲ᲻
ǵôһ˵ĸ׵ϼʵо͸һӡ
һ˲䣬ȻʣȻΪʲô԰ְûƼ󲮵Ӹֳڻ
˵ˣĸ׵ִٵӰ˴ʱһ·ŮˣϲԹޱֱסңԲҵľ档
ջûзҪȥıʲôҵ˶ǰԼ뷨š
ǵְŬҪΪʵֵģѾʵˣðְְŵҲˡ
£ֻǹ̨ЩʽͦͨģձȱǱ߻ͦ࣬ѡ˰죬ǿһ׻ɫԲëºһڰ׻ɫӵɽװ
ëµ߲ǴëǻߣһҪʮ飻ɽװеȺȣһʮ飬·Ҫչҵȯ
⣬ɽʽصЬֲģһ˫Ь
Ь棬ͷ޻ͨɫЬͷԲʽͨرů͡㣬Ҳֻ־󲮽ϴһ˫Ь
һ˫Ҫ˿ǮûЬƱҪ޻Ʊ͹ҵȯ
ջѡˣλۻԱ۾һɨҪƱĳջ˸ƣˣɿǰһë³Ʊ
ջ˾Ǯʱ򣬰ѻƱǮó˸ոտһ·£Ȼ·ЬӵǮԷ
ۻԱõǮ󣬵˵㣬ͺƱһüӼס˳ͷ˿һͻ˳
ǮƱȷ󣬾üӰѿõƱ˦ѼЬջˣ
ȫ˳λİһ߰ոǮߣһ߻صضջɶʱ·϶Լ
̵ջжʮӵʮһ㣬´س̵ĿͳҲҹˡ
۳Żʮ׵ط·ϳԷĹӪʱȻŵһŨζ
ʹӣţζ룬ûסջֹ̧˽ȥ
һݣζ͸ֱţ˿ˮҪˣ
ΪʽԷ㣬ûɶˣͨ͸ǰһεĴӣȻ/˿齴ţ⣬ÿһ鿴Ŷһأֳһ˵ĽɫŲųںðء
һķԱ˿̬Ȼʵ㽴ţһһҪƱ
ջһ۲󣬲ʶһ䣺Ǳصţ
ķԱЦˣǱصţ׶ţİɣţɽľͷʱһ˼ɱģˣЩû
ջʱûѵã˵ҪһⶼߣѷԱˣ
˵ɶ㶼Ҫһ˵Ҳʮأ
ջϽͣŶǼ湫ģⲻҪһʮˣò׸ϻزҪƱ⣬һض㣬Ҳס
Աô˵ҲеֿһźǸ쵼ҵĺӣҲûٷϻóһֽţһãͳһϳơ
һ̵ĽţܹʮӦʮһë֡
ջǳʹĽǮǰŽ˱СӸţȳžս˿ռ䣬ϻؼң̾ͿֱӳȺĽţˣ
˳Сͳسʱͷõ̫ջҲ⣬ֻýﻹջ




52.  ı䣡   һ࣬ͳŵɽ硭

һ, ͳŵɽ磬ջһ۾Ϳ˵·ڵ̣æ³̫̫˹ȥ
̣ôˣô, ô죡
ժΧ, һŮϾֵ仨Ƶ, Ųû, ģ
, ̴Ķ࣡һ, ͸, ͷ, أ
ջȴ, ǵ̫̫֤Ժ, ſϰݡ
첲Ÿ첲ȵߡ
ջͲסĸ, ·ϾͰζҽ֮¸̣̫̫Ҳǻϲѡ
Ǻ, զͷһҪȥ, һܳأ
ĩˣֿջ̵Сްɶɶȫ֪ⱲôŮ̫֪ˣ
̣ô˵ĶĶ˵ˣԺһҪ
ջҲһصҽβöĲʧ, 䡣
ˣԵǷŮ̶۷ô룬ҪĴ㣬βã֪ǾˣԺҲûɶڵˣ
ջŷġ
Ҳ˳ãȲ󲮼ᣬΪҪȹȥ֣ǰ˵ˣǰʱļܲס궼á
ȵ˼ңջͰѿռȺĽţó˺һ飬̳
һţ⣬ҲһϲŮֳһڣ̲סֱͷ㡢㣡ζ̫ˣ
ջϲҲʮ㣬ó·Ьӣ̲꣬Ҳֱ˵ãǳ˰죬ûջԼģ̲סզûԼɶ
ջҡͷ̣ҵ·ˣڴҲ̫ˣ
ڴҶ첹ꡱɽﻹãɽҪɸɾûУǲǻأ
Ҳǣĩһ䣺ǲ۾ﴩ̿
ջʱЦãʵԴŴûɶ׷󣬾濴Ÿɾ󷽣Լůˣûвܴȥľͷ
Ѷ£úջе㷸ѣ̴Ŵӱ壬󲮼ȥ˲ͣȲգ˵ɶҪǮؿװѴһŵùǺǮ²˳Ʋȥ
Щ֪󲮻᲻ֲա
أĴɤţ̣öû
ջæӦһµؿš
öɶǰİΪø־󲮺үһأ
ջæݣһ߸нţ⣬һߵҲǸյң־˵ǹ⿪͵ӣͳȻȥĳһˣʱҲĵ磬һ͵ˣ
˵ţкõһ齴ţֽţԷ磬쳢⽴ţ⣡عӪģ˵ƽʱûУǽҸˣ
ҲϰöʱóԵģǸûĵܵƵģָоرů
˵Щ˼ȷʵǰջʱࡣ
ٺɵЦһţ۾ʱһæڽ˽ѽѽţҲ̫ˣ
ų˺ü飬۾гһ죬ֻ̼èԵʱֱһģһ
ջȻͣˣæʵ磬ôˣǲǺˣҸ㵹ˮ
æס˼ûʣöæˡǾţ̫ˣҪٳԾ͸ùܲסԼˣ
ջʧЦͳԣסԼҽ˲٣üȥһЩ۹ܹԣ
Ҫ˵ɶֲһ䣺ˣ磬Һ̽ȥҳԷвУ
ϰҳԣһ⻰ԼҪ˵ɶˣڵһ´ӵվ̫ˣھͻؼҸ߰Ͻ׼̰ԵĲˣ
˵꣬ţԱһţæĵ˳ȥջں溰ûס
ֳ͡ӰѸ󲮺ʹЬӡ·źãֵ̲ġ
ջԴڵѧϰٶȣҪֵ䣬Чʾһǧ
ְｴţըֶһЩ߼ġǹҲװá
ջȥιС꣬һ˸첲Ͽһֻӣȥմ󲮼ˡ
Դ󣬵ڶκһȥ󲮼ҳԷţԺԶͿӷŴţܣﻹһƹƹҡ
ŲӺ̺Ͱöϲ˿ҪϽˣиӣϻذӷĸ´ţ
ոϲַզûأǲɶˡѽ裬վ¹ѽﰳҰ㰡ͷв١ӡûûԹأ
ջ̶һۣǺЦǸж
ȻһͷɵİŵӣҼǵ˵жʰ궳Ϸŵǿڴˣ϶˸ӣѹ˲ٶŪöˣ
ȥ㣬㶳øϽ￻ͷϻٴɣ
裬Ȱǵ£ǲϴʣЫӹǣҼǵϻѾˣٶˣҪ취ųɡҪȿ߻ûܲˣЫܲóԣ
ջ֣С̵Ҵ磬ɶ¶ŵװ׵ģ
Ҳͷ󲮣ǾǸͿӻġ
˵ŻأͼСڵƵĴ˳һſվŵ̺öһ¾໵һɤӳﺰզ磬̺öˣ
̶ˣһۣ㺰ɶզզģզԸⰳö
ϼˣạ̇̄ûУżǶû׼أԡԣȥ㣬ɲٵˣ
ûϽȥɡҲ֪أȺˣ
СӣԼҲЦ
ŶҲ̡öݰ
ݣվڴſڣͷ촽˶Ҳû
ջȰѾˣԴϱ㶵Ҳôˣֻһܹĺþͳɣ衱вҲν
ʱҲԲ˴ϱ̬ϵʵﻹǸ˵ģŮ˵ĶԣıһͶ׶ģҪȻҲһܳɵģ
ѽѽⶳãⶼӲˣͷɶô䰡
ȻӲַ﷭ٶ㣬һʯһż̲סԹ
ʵ㣬ҪЫӹҲˣ
£ЩȻ/˸Сʱ⻹ǸͷҪ֮Ĵǵǰһý
ջˮλ߼Ӵ׵ķٽⶳ̣ǱʮȵʳＸóȥûӾͶӲʵˣʱζͿڸʵûܶӰ죬ζ
ҪǿпٽⶳζͿڸоҪۿˣЩʻ˵ʵڱԸȡ
ϵˣͲΪ˳Էæ硢磬ǶæˣҪԴߦϴγԹһؾ;ô죬ܳһ̫ˣ
̸Ůϣԣֲۣߦ⺢׼ɶɶǵڣ
ʶӣǳɣ裬۽ͳˣЫӹǺȷţ컯ˣٸ̺
ջһǰ춼ųˣҲûµͷЦǸã˵Һ컹ԣ
ô˵ոջյЦȻûɶ飬ջ۾Իõġ
Ҫȥߦջæżڻ磬ǵʱȴ󲮻Ҳˣ
ľÿʮ·ɽľһɾ/˸СʱǴ𣬰ԼҴıӸȶԸųһڣ˾ץһѰѩȵּ࣬ææŰԭľ͵ľķǳࡣ
ջס˴Ȱӷڵϣҽȥ򵽵ĽţըֶζͦҾ϶ϲ͸һ˵㣡
Ҳȱ˵ǰһס֣ߡ
û뵽ջͻȻסԼ㶣ʶҪһʱͣˣû֡
ջûоܾԼԽ˵׶ȰߣͷҲѾһֻƹˡ
ֱӽ·˳һǼ׻ɫëϱһߵҵһ·ʵʱ򣬾͸˵һҪһ·
ɴ˵ʲôҲɣ˵ÿֻҪһпվҺ̴ˮ񣬾ػɣʱԼһҪöֶŮģ£ԼܸТТ˼ңɴûͬ⡣
ﾲĵģ˶ûֻǿջ·һһרĵĸ
죬һ֪ʲôĿֱֱ˶˷졢˪ǽϡ
󲮲ͬ⣬˵ɶҲȱھһԸһ·˵Щ̫ˣŶԲֶŮҪ򣬲ȸһ
ë£ûвĻȻЩ壬һɽװ
ҾŴ˵еҲҪɽľͷÿѣڼҴˣ󲮿Ҳˣ
ţȻɽװԵͦ硢磬ǿﴩǲرÿ
䣬Ȼƿ֣˳ӡ
߸£˺ܿһѹֵĿ
֣
Ҳ֪˶ãſڵͻȻԼĸײ֪ʲôʱģ˿һֻֽץһվ
մƺǱһѣ߽ı˪׷ڻˮһһεʡ
ջֿ˿̣촽˶ȴһֶ˵
ջȻ󲮣ˣ쿴Ҹѣϲϲ
մ󲮵ȦͻȻͺˣðŵͷϲģáá
ջ͹Ȥûأæ˵ãҿǿҺãԾ;Ķã
ʱҲ˵ľͷ쿪˵ϣ֪˵ģ
մôһ֣Ϻܿ¶ε飺裬㿴˵ģզľͷˣ
̰˵ǡǣ˸죡
մ󲮵ʱЦãֻһ˵ɶɶı飬˶Цˡ
ջֳûóġЬôԴ
մ󲮽ǳϣҲûһپܾ
Ÿţð︸ԴЬӣЬſʵǽƤ׶ģ
˶˵˹ĴɲҲƤ׶ЬԺ˫Ьɽ϶ɡůͣرӣ
̲סС߶磬˵Ҫö۵öð
⻰ֱӻһԹϱ
Сӣ˵ɶأ
һöϽͣѽ磬û˵ף˼ǡϣöԺסۼ֣һġ
û뵽һͺˣ
ӣҪ֪㣬̰ģͱ˵۲ΪӶۺã۾ɶ뷨˻ŵÿԼ˶ۺãҪѧмѧݺԶлȥ𣡶ֻöԷΪ۸ɶ¶ָ˼ң˽ûУ
һصͷԼҴֱӽƣʱͷ͵͵֪ˡ磬˵Ķԣ뷨
̾˿ŵܵõº͵ӣ粻һнţֻҪϸɣһܰӹãҪԼռҵүûһثģ
ȴ̲ס磬ҲɻǮɸ㿴궼ʮˣ۰軹ðɽأ˵ǲǻİ䡭
ȴҡͷӣú룬۰費ɽֻΪǶ𣿡
־󲮼ҵĴͱһ꣬㿴ֻ֮һ𣿡
һ㶣Ǵûǹ⣬һʱЩסˡ
ջ߿մ󲮴Ь˼ȦЬСݶʣͷҪֵ˵ͷǲ֪һ˵ɶĻأ̲סȱ𼱣Ҳиǵ
˵ţͳ»ֵͽ̲ģ˵˹ȥ
ֵĿʱһǱֵ䣬۾װǡ
һյƵú͵£ռһһڵܵƹⲢÿ˶ܵƽûеƽܰ
ﻹһȦͨͨģͷ档
ǽϣ˶Ŀմţʱһûж㿪

ؽӹ÷ɿ죬ɽϷľȴڷҪЩľͷ
಻˽һе˶Ϊô䣬϶ʺϷľʵǡǡ෴ĶǷľĻƽʱ䡣
䡢µͣˮֶڸɺˮͣʵػȽϸɣ͸ڲɷ
Σʱڣδ磬ɽҪرע𣻶죬ˮɽ·ߣóֶ಻ʤҲûʱ
ҲҪԭ򣬶ѩʺ磬ͽѰ⣬ÿ궬췴ʺϲɷʱڡ
ʮ룬ѩϼ򵥶Ըһͺ󣬾׼ĿϾڵ磬ɲС
ү־󲮸հѴɻĵطһ飬ȷûɶ⣬־һͳСǹһ߸ү壬³ͣٵҲʮ/˿飡
үͷó̴ڣŵд㣬ɵǰʮˣȡһ·øһµʱ䣬źȿͷʹЪˣ
ɽĹأ²ɽľԴڲí˾ͷһ㡢һ㡣
˵ǣ
־ӦһѸüǵĹǺãԼҲӾ⣬׼ҿš
һȣԶܣ
ϸ磬־
־ֻһɤӣϳǶӲţͷ󻹸ģʶүĵòĸ֡˰ɣ
үҲһ뷨û뵽ͷܹһȴǣϸ硢־ȥһˣλžͬ־ǣ
Ȼʿеһ˿ȷϵλͬ־־ͬ־𣿡
æͷʿλһ˰ɣ
үЩҲ27ˣ룬ЩĴλžͬ־Ұɶ°
ͷ˵ʿϵԲҲֻ̫ϼִ񡣡
ʿԽô˵Խģүã־ĿѾ¶ֽš
ȸʿɽǵľȻһɫļճʱ˸۾ֱˣ
ԹԣԶίμҵ־ֳĳ
Ҫɶѵ쵼Ҫȥ׶׳





53.  ת   ѽѽС

ѽѽ, СˣȥͿ쬵ģֿȵӶ޻һڵģ˯һ
ͷһشͱһүϱӵΧס, С£
»ôһСʱ֮ǰ˵
Լʮһ, ȻͿһɫļճ, Ǵͷһؿĳ, һ¾˺䶯ﵫߵĶܳ, Ǿͷȵһοֳӵġšأ
ž˵, ү־ȥ, Ӻͦ, ͺ, һ۷׷, ڲ⳵ү־ɶ£
Ⱥò׿ͷȻˣ, ͷܸߴСɶζȴ£
ʵĲͷ, ͷͳһһ䣺˽žͬ־˵, ǸɶԣлܣðϹ˵
һ䡰ܡһ¡ը˹
˵϶ү־ҪˣҪȻôСӣ
Ǹ˵㲻ү־ǰ￪ʱλ쵼ĿأҪǵأ
˵, ˿һֱִɶϱˣҪȥϼ㱨ȥˣ˵һȥܼ//׳أ
߰˵ɶĶ&zwnj;У
ǻڼ˵£Ǵүүʹ̣Ĳһżϻɶģʹջȥ־󲮼
·ϣջ˵ЩǿЦã
ȵ־󲮼һҲڿϵŶأ
ջүү̻ã֦ԵЩţÿһջߴߴСϲȵһС磬Ӱ죬Ҳⰲ
үүջͦ˵ģеԼ˵˺һ
˵ŻأСͻȻܽݾͺү̣裬˵Ҫܵ׶׳أǲİ
֦ﳭɨƨɾһӣ
ϹɶúѧϰͲѧ֪ܣЩŵģûûεģϽСдȥ
һֱʵʵŵС磬Ҳûûܵ״ǰȦͨСͳȥˡ
̾̾˿ˣҲǸǻǻ㲻
æοϱɩӣɱô룡ɶСİҪǴš֦ķŶ϶ɶҲûУ
֦Щ䣺ӣϼˣǶͼٷ˳˳İӳɺþͳˣ
ջҲҲôţ˵Ķԣּճ治ʲôģ
˵ģ־󲮺үүɶ£Ҳ˼ֳǰ
ҵ˵ͷʲôɲ鹤֪۴ӽ깤ɵúãˡȽүүֳӵæ˼ɲżȻһ죬˳Ҳ뿴ˣԾڰԼĳɳˣ
ʱû֨ĴүүҲ˵ͷѾͷ˵еǼǲǵ65سǸսĸɲ뵽Ĵӿǰ⵽ǻɽҰ룬ٲǺӡݵӣ·ҲûСҲ٣ٰʮиСӾͲˣ
ɲˣ˷ɽԽһ塢һ֪ͨýӵ֪ͨĴɴȥᣬ˵Զģﶼⰲ˳ڰ·ϽӦ۴ǽȥģ߶˵ͷһˡš˵˭˭˵զզģаˡ
ջû뵽һ־󲮵ġʷҲ֤ʵջ֮ǰķȫпܵġ
үүôһѣ̺֦Ҳ磬ҲԽԽеͰࡣ
û뵽һ磬Ҳû
۳ˣɽϵķľӶչˣմһֵڻûס˵Ҫȥȥ翴үүסˣ˵ٵһ
̿ɫ磬֦̺ջԲɡ
£ĺ˼ţ˵˵Ȱס˴ϱ˾Ȼؼˡ
ĳ밡ǲŵҰСʱ֦ˣ
һž˸߲ҵĸ˵ү־󲮶ˣɶҲûУ
̺ջҲŷģæʹ˵ɶ£
һ֦Ц춼ϲ£Ҫ˵Ļģɶһ˵һ׼˽ûȥ쵼˵˳һϢأ
ԭү־ȥ绹ջµĸɲ鹤磬˵صɽ⼸ɵòľͷĶ࣬ΪҴ˾Ч棬ĸɲҪɽӵλˡ
ү־һȥ͵õ˵쵼ǵı绹˸ɲһ˶ٱ㷹ʱ˻һ˴ƿ쵼͵ĺþأ
֦˵ĺϢȴǽ칫羭оҪӷһЩ
Ǽг55˵ļͥû˼ңÿҲ׺棬ҪǸռϵģ棬ôһ꣡
ջһҲͦˣ˵ԴֳӱմǰѾǿ˲٣Ǽ︺ص˼ӻǹͦ࣬۳ҪǰˣҪݲܺùһ룡
̾Цݵ⹫ã°ǵ۴Ŀˣ
֦üЦ˭˵أ־һѧȫҶֵòУʱŴҪźȼءˣ־˵ˣʳ칫Ҳǰܵ
ϡզ绹Լȥ
֦ЦԭҲô룬ɰ־˵ã˹͵ſӣǲſˣ
ʹͷզӣһ꣡
֦ҲŶ֣ӣһ֪ˣſ˵Ҳûһٶʮأ
̺ջ
ʱ֦ﻹջֱ֣˵£ҲûԶٷջȥţ⡢ֶģǼҵڣʵǵĲԾ
˾˵ȷ½ˣһҪ̴ջҳԶٷ
ջȻЦӦ¡

ȵ˵ڶ죬ͷһŵ˼ҾͶ˶Ӳ
ǶɽɻˣĴǸŮˣһɽϰָϻү־󲮣ΧȥĴɶʱ
ͷɤŶ໺еֱɶʱ
ү˿̴ƽҵģĸûɶϵͷûˣⲹûҵķݡ
費ˣƾɶǰȻռǰҺӶడӣǮ𣿹ܵչչ˰ɣ
ү˭ӶûǮǰǼңŮ㣬˭˭Ͳһˣߣ㵱㹫΢ҲܲģҪȥȥĶҩİɣ
һҲǣʵŮһһܸɣǼͷֻźһ굽ͷææû⵱֣
Ҳ˸ĺӣϱ磬һ˼ȵֵǰˣǮ·Ȣϱ
û뵽ϱһžͰϷƽʱŲʣһɻ𣬴˵ƣˤԺˡ
Ϊûٱ˴ǣһӵ˾û
豻ү仰ҵĹǺֻûˡ
ֻǵȳ˶Ӳ칫ңͷݡޡһϲģֲûûŮأû˸գ
ջ·⻰ɶüͷ
̲סҵģ˵ɶզڵ£
ջҪ죬ȿڵӣҴ֪ƽʱôǵʦĶϣѺӽ̺ãǼҳҪڼûðǾŬҲ״ܲԸԺʱ򣬳˱ɶҲûаɣ
ҭҭܻǼɵջʦݣһ仰˵Ťͷˣ
ջỌ̇̄˼ƽϣ˵һ仰˷ʱ䡣
˶Ӳûã˾͵ˡ
ǿššģ
һͣڶӲǰĿյϣۼžսʿ˳ƵΧȥС̨񡱡
ү־Ҳæӭȥλžͬ־Ƚݺȱˮ
Ϊһģ˿ľܾˣ֧顢նӳǵǴʱģҪ컹ȥǻȰĿ˶ԺãȻͷɣ
ү־ô˵æӦǡ
ȻͿǸٶү˽˶Ӳ칫ңԼĪ/ˣžͿʼ
ٰежʳ־Ҳ˰ѲֿĴСó׼ơ
һǰװֵӴӳϱһ˷ܲѣСӣҲûȥо̨š鲻ĶЩʳ
ջһվ˶Ҳͦ˵ģǲ֪ΪɶܸоǸٴһֱ
ΪԼĴֱүйȥæʱоˣ
ǾȻʱʱĶĿⲻԼĪдЩ棬ԾջЩʣҲûʮַС
˵ж˲٣Ǵܹʮ໧˼ңȡʮ໧һס棬ҲٶʳԲʿûһжˡ
˫˶ԺĿү־󲮷ֱǾǩֺǾپʹˣ˵ǻҪȥںΰӣûٿջˡ
ջ˵ȫЩĪҲû·ϣرү־æ·ʳŴһе͸˲Щˡ
־󲮺˸װ棬ԸƣջԱ߼ˣүû೤ʱ䣬ٶͷˣ
ۼߵĲˣջ̲ԼǷݣһ־ֱӸסʮ棬æ־󲮣棬ôʮﰡ
־ҡͷҲԸʮ棡
˵ţҲջ˵ɶ̰ԴڴſҪװۡ
ջ̣ͦȵġһڱȻϵڶѧУʦĿߵȫ֣Ļûɶݲ
ҲЩԥ־氳治ãҪô֪ˣⲻҪ鷳𣿡
ʱүſڵɩӣŰɣѾͷҲ֪룬ҪǹͷӦҲ䲻ǣ
ջ̼үô˵Ҳֻգ̻&zwnj;̾԰ã
װ棬үֽסջ
Ѿͷɶ⻹и²˵ˣȥ磬쵼˵۴ӰСѧ£˵ʦĺã´ﶼ˸ͷԹ羭оԺ󰡾͸תʽʦĹɶҲ鹫ˣ
̺ջһϲ̸Щţ˵ĶģԺ㹫ʽʦˣ
үͷԣʽʦ黹ʱڴɩӣϲ㰡ŮԺǳԹҷˣ
˵ֶ꣬ջϸ£һȥ˹磬ǽСʿƣɶİһ£Ժ칤ʡƱ֤ɶľֱϹˣ
¸ֵòУȸү־󲮣ӶӲʱ̫̫Ůһ߶ѽѽզ°ⶼϵڱˣ
ջҲû뵽Լ³ԹҷζšԱաҲһݶԸ˼ֵͬ⵱һֹҫ
˵Ǽϲ£
ջҲͦˣ俴ôģ͸ˡ
Ӳ칫ۼǶֺǺǵˣ־󲮲˿˲ͷϵĺ壬۾ô˵вզһ׶ûأ
ү̸ˣһڣεû׶˲ɣզ˵Ȱæ£˼Ұô쵼Ϊһۣ۾ثҲ&zwnj;°ˣ
־̾Ҳ⺢ǸүǣΪ˱ռңŮˣҲסͳģ°ȥ趼û˵
үͷǲ˵Խ֪Խã㿴ֺǣģҪ֪һþ͵Ҫ̫̫ȥ
˵ҲռңѾͷҲռһͷǰ˭ûѾͷӲǵˣ֮ǰ־ǿ˳զôӲĹŮڿǡ
־ҲɽؿǷɽˡ

ڶһ磬ջȥ˹硣
Ȱү˵ĵʿưʽĽʦתȻ󵽲ȡµĹʺƱ֤
Ȼ֪ת϶ߣǵĴӻϽӹһĹʺͻ̵Ʊ֤ʱջֱסˣʶλͦϻƣͬ־ǲˣ
ϻƵЦЦ۾ͣû࣬תʽʦÿʮǮ⹫翼ǵѧУĿǰһλʦҪְԶ㰴ÿʮԪı׼һݲ
ջû뵽һɽСѧĽʦõôĹʣҲ˵ʣƱ֤ǲҲе̫ˣʦѵô
ѹɻ󣬸Ƶл׼뿪
룬ǻȴ˵ǹ糤⽻깤ʵ칫ȥһˣ糤ɽСѧ¡
ջԽ֣߶⹫ɽСѧǲе̫עˣ
ȴ糤İ칫ңջڳľ£һ
ջݣӲĳҲܼ򵥣ٴųεľֱߵǽǰһͦľľǼľӡ
ֱ߶ǽ߳ľӣһСţźľɫӣӦʱϢĵط
ջֻſһ۾ջĿ⣬ڶľǰһԼĪʮĸߴ˿վһ߷ɿۣһջСͬ־ɣã糤
ջҲæԷʺã糤ãջʦת
糤ͷ֪Сͬ־Ǵ֧նӳ˵ǴСѧҪǣͷģҲиеĻ̶ȣѵõ˲ţЩ쵼֪¶ܸˣӦúúñͷˣ
糤˵ͷ쵼飬˵ɽӰУºȽӣڸǧƵĹٱ˺֪࣬ԽԽ˲뵽ҵ󿪷ҵУΪͬʱһкܶҪﰲҵ
ȻѾŬڽͼǿʩǻؽջΪǵΪֵÿ϶ͬʱذѧ齫ҲԴڸطһúãԹش
֮ǶջĹ˸߶м䶼¶ǳϣóɼ˼
ջȻԼôԶ壬ԼϾ糤Щɲĸ߶ȲͬĽǶҲͬڶԷѧУ֮ҲĶԹȽҪ
˵ʮӰɣ糤뿪
ߵʱ糤԰͵ſڣֱ˵ʲôѣһҪΪڻû꣬ǹһСѧʦһչˡ
֮Էʮ㣬ӹػջһȾԼӵСѧʦɶصĴƵġ
˵ʵְ칤ʡ糤̸ȫ̶һ˵Υ͸Уֲ֪ﲻԣ
䵱糤˵ʱܾŶǽɫһֱڶüζ糤ǲˣ
ڴ糤칫ҳЩֵĸоʧ˴룬ſڴǺһǮƱջ̵ģ̲סȥ
ҪˣϲҪףף
ߺ󣬾ɫһƣɿ߳һˡ
ջһϳ˾췢ʱһֱ͵͵Ǹ١
糤ͷѭջ뿪ķ첽ȥ
糤ߺæţͼԼϼųһվڴߣĿֱֱĶŴ⡣
ԼίιǵСȰųԶˣˡ
ֺԶջĿ⡣
ǹֵҲһüͷȴֻǿŹŮһӰͺۿų糤ܲζ̲סų۾͸Ůʵ˵˰ɣŮøһģӿ̳ƵģҲܲţ˵ϾҲĴ
ֺԶȴҡҡͷ˵⺢ӵһҶܺãҲֻǡǷģɡ
˵ţ˶٣Լϲ£ǶԲˣΪҸ£صҡ
һ⻰糤ˣų˵ɶҪֵû&zwnj;Ƶĺö˶˵վ
ǿҲǰųǵĲ£Ҳսһһģ˵£ҪҲ޶
ųǿ̬ԺŮ¾ҵ£ұ֤չ˵ĺúõģģ
糤ȥ͓һǣһһӸǰȰȣԵô챿ģ
˵꣬ͦųֺԶ;˸񣺡ųԶıʱָʾ
Ҳѧųָʾ
ֺԶҲһãǿ̰Ǯ£
Ȼ󣬱Լ¶ͳһŽᡱ˫ֵݸϲ¡
糤Ƕһۣ¶εı飬糤ųǸɶǸӹòõ˼ҷʳҲɶ£˵Ǻ£˵ȥҲֵ𣿡
ֺԶȴҡͷкôҲе˽ģûΪһ˵˽ģǳʧˣǮǱ£
˶˽ϼƢֻ֮ðǮˡ
ʱֺԶľԱСܿȥֺ֪Զ˵ʲôһȥˡ
糤ųıӰٿǮЩųǰѹŮĹҲԼˣɶ£ܰƽʱԹ⣬ɶа
Ҳ²ð죬ųһ˽ˣһʱе벻˵ų˵Ҫȱܣһ̫ˣúӲǲ¶𣿡
糤ֱţѽⲻǲеģҲɶҲ
˵˵ţȻ۾һܰ˵ȥɽӣ˵ȱŮʱϺӵɹŮզ
˻ҲզãŮءҪ˵ȱŮвУⲻ𣿡
糤ʼ߶߶˵ȱӰɣҲӣϲûȱһ͡˳ܣ˵զ
ǣ 




54.  һ   ſڣԱС

ſ, ԱСĸԼ׳㱨
֮ͬ־ȵһЩڡ껭Ȼſ˴ԼжصĶ棬ѶԷɽӡѾ·Уһȷ֮ͬ־ȫ
ֺԶʶſһֻóһĶ, Ŀһ, ͻȻС˵ϲ𣿡
Сһ, ܿ췴Ӧ, ¶Բ, ׳, Ҳ̫֮ǰ֧նӳ˽, ֮ͬ־ôʳ, ⶳͦ, ֮ͬ־Ӧûϲ
ֺԶ˵ͷ, Ҳɣ˵ֶԽںĵطԽó, ȻҲ䣬Ǻﻹǲܱȵġ
СкۻԱ˼, Ǯ, ͷµ°ڰѶ涵ǰ
ֺԶۻԱ궳Ϊܲס䣬ּܻҲתͷСҪЩڣܾҲͦá
С˵Ŷ߽ٳʱ첲¼һֽŵ¡
ֺԶǻֽ˹򿪺淭
ǵڣ󣬵Ǵ, ͦÿġ
Ǵÿģ֮ԺСֶӶϲȥүүһֶڼҷš
һĿÿһֱڣһ˵һ¶Цݡ
Ƕ߽ţһ£ĳ棡֮һذѼﲣˣԺٲԼţÿζҪһ𡭡
˵˵ţȻüͷ&zwnj;С߽ЩΣգ˵֮ҪԼţһô죿
С׳ڲסĵǣĿһĨѹܿ㰲ο׳ģһ㶼ôϲֶ߽ţҹ֮ͬ־к׼ģ
ֺԶҲе¶˿ı顣
ϵı°ãһ̧ͷŷԼҾԱΪŶ棬һ˫¶ֶͨ죬ţЦϺͿˣ㿴ҲûһߣǸϿǶȥ
Сæ׳û£ⲻɶ
ֺԶȴݵôܲɶĸĸԸΪѪɲΪźһ˵ġ˵ˣǻǿȥɣ
С׳ǰ桢ԶԵüᶨıӰȴЩȻ
γʱ䲻ˣΪһˣ׳궼ܻ׶ˣҲҪϻط촦񣬽Ȼһ󲻷ҹæµ
ЩˣǰΣϣ׳ܺúЪһЪϣ׳ܵóԸʱʱ̿Ůߣź䡢ҹ˼ȴԶԶĿһҲ

飬飡
߽ըĴԺִСĴЦԼԽСֱԹĳ·Ϻǰֵܵζ
մ󲮼ҲĳҲæȻ졣
֦һ±õ䣬һεС첻Ϸߣյ̾͵Ϲţеö治ס»ؿɱˣǮ˵Сӹװ˶ͣɶûҲ治£
ջջ̧ͷЦû£ҲǸǷģϲͦõģ
֦̲סЦ⺢ӾǻˣֲðС졮㡯ʦĲڣ
˵䣬ϴﴫһ΢ҿǣͷеɹˣ
æòӷһм両һŨ֭˵ײЩɵķȺͷʼһ㾧͹⣬֭յǡôһеϸ۴ģֱˮ
˷ʢջһһ˵˶ߴ
ҲǸ֣Ϊףջת־һһӺò˵մ󲮼ңֽү׼һԶٷúһ
ϡϸЫܲ˸ӡը㡢СҰĢţ⡢ɺշʳ
֦һͻƴ̶˾ˣ
ջæԺС硢Сн׼
үү̡ү̡־ӣմ󲮷
ջС硢Сֵܺﱲ
ʽǰү䣬үֱ֣ǸѾͷڵףƣһϰ߶߶ɶҪ˵Ҳú˵
־ҲԣǸѾͷ
ջǵ̺õĸƣҲûŤ󣬴󷽷˵˼䡣
һ˵֦꣬̾˵ܵʽʦͳӴľٰʮҲһ
ȵʽͣͲסС̼һ̵廨ǽţ⡢䣬һڽһڣԵ̻ʡ
ԱߵСֱۣ̲סСջ㣬㿴ǲǱȴ󻨡ˡ
󻨡־󲮼ֻǹΪСôԻԵ֣һջΪǶĸģǶʱֻС
ջһЫӹǿе͵СҲЦһСһţ⡢һߵǸոԺʱˣҲԵ㡣
СȴҡҡͷŲǣһźóԵľ
˵һզǽأİøһۣ̫ˣ
ջǷһǳЦ
̧֦ͷһ鵽ԼСӺỮģƤһʱͱһ־󲮣㿴Ƕӣ˰ûԹƵģզôأ
־󲮻ͷһ̺һСע㣬硢㶼զԵķȰȥ㰡
æû£вģǺ£ܳԲų
ϣС翴֪һĵܵܣƲԼͲ֪Ծ㣿ÿض۰һٲŹá
СҲһԱ´ɸİˮȾƵһ͡๾ࡱ˸׳죬Ȼֱͣҡͷ̾Ϣʹ죡үǾ͵ôڳ⡢ںȾƣզû˶أ
˵ţԼĿոǶһƣˮȻүǣ㣬һ룡
ԹӾһԹ϶ûۿޣ
Ҫ޲ޡ̲ס
һٷԵɢϯϴԻؼҺ֦һڵ²ѣһ߶־󲮸̾ǿྡˣѾͷһŮܶʮӣ
Ѿͷ⺢Ҳ治úá˵ڻ˹ʽʦǾǹҸɲӳͣ
˵š˵̾˿ϧôõĺӣܸۼҴϱҪȻζЦѣ
ԭΪ˾ѾеԺ־䲻ôһ䣬˲ƾɢ˸ɾһµӿԼϱܼǣɶ㵱ϱǲҲȴˣ˳ð
֦һۣûɶѽ˵˵㷴Ӧôɶ
־󲮵ʱе飬ӣǿԵ˵ҲУΪѾͷ־ǿ׹ŮҪɶԺզӰ뷨õʱܲסԼ˵¶ڣ
֦߻һƣ˵˵ûǰֲܷɶɶСҲûˣŸ˵˵ϡǺӣſϧˣ㿴Ǹ֪ĻΪɶûģ֪Ϲأ˵꣬ͱȥٲϴԷˡ
־һǻˣæȥ壬һⲻǣϱֺˣ
֦ȥǣŲ˲ͷϵĺЦ
밡㵹ǿԼ˺Ͷǿɶϰ˵ǡ⡱ҲǼСϵĽˣĿ湻ˣ

ԽǰӾ͹÷ɿ죬һգ۾͵¶ʮˡ
ǷľӷӣջڶӲү־󲮰µľǩͱµĹֱֵ˵ϣõǮƱܸǰһµĹǮˣ
ڴ˵ûɶȴǰõԼĹǮ˵ˣ
үǻվ׵ָڴִָ׾һǮƱջһҲûͷרĵһߣȴȷĿ
־󲮿һۣջѾͷǮȥˣҲûɶĴˣţȻؼҰɣҲæһͷˣ
ջЦû£󲮣⹤ʶģҪɶҸҲ㡣
־תͷԼˣҲǮˣ˻ûأ
˵ӣͳǮզô찡
ϸӣǮˣˣզģ
ĴһίǰɶӱͷʮԺ󰳾ͼǲסˣ
־û군⣬ɽҲףǮ飡
˶Ц־󲮾ɶû˵զģ˵亮ǮѣǲǮѾƽʱѧɶģһԹ⣬һﲻĵģˣûëӡ
һҲϸӴǮһջӡ
ջ֮ǰȥ˼飬뻹һ䣺壬ǾǮ𣿡
ϸӺһֵ֣û⡢û⣡
Ա߾ʱȡЦʦ㲻ùǮǮֻؼҶϴǶؿ죡
ϸӓһȭͷЦٸ´̭ˣǸ˵ģ˭Ǯˣ
ȷʵǸˣջܸܵЩϺɽ˴˿̵ϲãҲǸˡ
ȰǮƱ꣬ѾʮˣջӲûɶˣ͸ү־󲮴кȻؼˡ
ΪǶʮˣҼһҪæŷͷճӡ
ͷͶҪһúڸϣõͷӲʵˣʱ򶼷ŽַﴢСˮҪ˼ҴӴһֱԵ¶
ջҵʱѾСͷճˣ
ֻĴͷҧһ㣻
ճ쵷ķڣŹʱµһСռɹɵҶֹĻ벼մˣ
ԳԵʱ˻ϸܳԵһҶ㣬һǣһζ˾ûвһڵģ
СһܹģջҪȥӲСһֱˣͱһŰǵճˣʵʵ永ӱϣæ
̫̫û˼˼úʹϣСϲһֱûóԣ
ջչȥ⼸ֻװֵӺС֮ǰһֱСŻˣԥŰһֻȱ˸ǵӺһֻһȵС͸ջŪÿЦá
ͷճ׼ӡ
ⶹջѾܶûԹˣʵѣûףŴ׵ıзˮɴŹ졣
ȻѵĻƶ죬ߦߦɷۣ永һ㣬ӷߦɿͷȵıӣϼǺ춹棬һõгֿСͿˣ
ʳ㹻ĻҲ԰õߦ㱡мһǻ߶ɳڣȻ桢ζ͸ḻˡ
ľмһ춹ɳڶĶӣҧһڣŴرǲĻƶۣǵ㾦֮ʣ㴼
һճͶӣĽŲҲڶ
ʮջһһ¾ǰ׼
ĴǶʮͳһĺֽúдģΪ˲£ҼҶдһģһĶҲʶ֣ͺֹֽǰϲͳɣ
Щ꣬һֱ־дջ־󲮾;Լеò֣ջ
ջûӦֱ˵־ΪֱҺױдĶ϶Լдѹס󣬸
˴͸֣ǽϰΰ껭Ҳϣ˲ϲզզúá
򵥶Ըһںʹǰõĸʳ׼ȥ󲮼ҡ
ǰһúǲҶѬƵѬŹǣ±õ⡢צĸˮҹ㳦Լջڼ͵͵Ƶķ̴㣬һ
һӹֻ󱳿ʱ۾ֱˡ
öǰѼҶ˰ɣ
ջʧЦ磬˵ģôţ
ҲЦö֪϶ɶöҪǼҷһݣ
ʱСҲҪģɵüҪúչӣ
ʱɫ̣ģ϶ɶ¶԰öΪһҪ˸۸͸ƴ
æޡһæͯ޼ɡͯ޼ɣ⺢ӣզɶྶðչӣҲôչ˷
֪ʳԣæɵЦԴ˵
һ·űҸ˼Ҵкʺã֪ƽʱ˸ʱ䵽մ󲮼ҡ
մѾسüˣڰιæ첽ӭǰ
ʹڶԲȥǣ⵽׻ûãզôණĹʶˣ
̱⺢һһ͵Ǽңǹܲס⵱󲮵Ҳڰǰˣ
ջͱ̵ĸ첲Ķ̣ܰԺҸ㱣֤϶ɶ¶ǰ棬ףҲʹвУ
֮ôһһ͵ģմ󲮾ͽԼԭҪ˵ɶһ˵裬զСˣ϶װ
ջֱЦ
ȽݣѾݵæˡ
֧͹Сһͺõڡһ˺ܲһ뻨ס飬õС㣬͵׼ը
ջݸк׼ȥݵذæȴִ绻֮ǰ̸ֵףԵر񣬱Цų䡣
ݣö紩ѺÿæͷƤӹóԼǼ״ˣ̵˼Ȧ̺ջҲ񲻿ɣ
ָմŻǿдԣſһҲĬĬó֮ǰջġЬˣȻǰգһʱȿı飬ÿЦá
ջݵظæʱﻹĥ´ɶʱȥҪǵø󲮺·˵ܿһؽ֡
һȿĴ󲮺͸ǿ̫˼ˣ




55.     ɽʮ⡭

ɽʮҪٷΪ, һٴͣϦҹһٰӡ
ʮٷڵ˵һҪը
һ, ըĶڴٹ̵ζãһ, ͹Ŀ, Ҳһ
ֻҪ΢е˼, ϶ǰ뷨϶ﶹ, úըһ
ӾͲ˵, , ˺ûһ, ըһ̶, գ۾һʣ
˺ܲ, ϸƷƷźܲʹл, Ҳǳ
һһƬ⣬Ⱥһ, Ƥִ, ۣһһֱ̲ҲܼӵнͺǴ֭΢һ£ͳ˺Σʮһڣһ꣡
ըɽƵ飬ðǼˮǽٶȵķһȦÿһܱǽ, ÿӼһ飬˿ֱ˾ſӡվڵҲûϣ
ɿڵİ˿˽йҽʮϵ㣬³ԵĶԲҲһҪһӹҽԲ˲Ÿģ
⻹ըסը㡢ըƬѷһͨʳըݳ޵⿷ӳ£òͨΪڴŨŨζ
ʮ㣬ԺһұڣռԲҲʽʼ
ٷմ󲮼ôԹʢԲԭʮ˼ϣڷĵطûˣû취ֻðݵصСľҲϿƴһ
˶һһ߸һλãֱһһվѣүүհְֵλá
ˣߵ˵һһҪԲԲĳԶٷ˭Ҳ¡
ջվﵹ̺õϰ׸ɣȻմ󲮣룬Ҳﵹһѣûоܾ
˾ƣ̵һв˷ֱŵүүհְֵĿȻմ󲮡ԼСҲһһ˶й˺󣬲ʽ
ΪȥˣЩܵģǽܱ꣬ѹ̺ܿе˸УֺǺǵԡԣõӣôòˣԵ㰡
ȳӣţ㣬óԣ
ջҲŸвˣ󲮡ǳѬŹǣģǿζ
磬ǽӣտССˡж磬ϲ㣬òã
մ󲮺˵óԣûֻ֨ͷҰջеļⶼȳˡ
ֻſӣĳǰⳤһƽʱ˻ûһڲˣǶ߶߶ѽѽϹȥĻʵˣ֪ȳɶˣ
֣̾ûϢɶͳɶ£ܹ
Ȼ͡໡һץĴͿʼڴڿǸ̻ʵӰմ󲮶ˣ㣬ˣզСƵģĲף
дʣû£ҲͿһҲ꣡
ջˣҲЦ
½ֵıҲЦϡ
ͷԻȤǺţֺֻ&zwnj;ЦȰ㣬һԿӡŮ˵˵ЦЦԼҲЦĺܿġ
մ󲮺ʹȻȫ̰֮ղô䣬ǵմ󲮳Ÿ˾Ѿƺ󣬴һ仰û˵ʢ׷һ˲䣬ջĿһ⡣
ʱսһůůĽơ
ջһԲڰְֵĬĬһ䣺ְ֣֣

һٷʢԲʮһеʱ䣬ǻϢƵ׼ϵĽڣԶʢڴ֣ԵĺóԵĶڸݡ
ջ̺ʹʰ꣬ȻԼңѲķɷɷų
ɷɾֻС꣬ջȡġСһѾĲˣ̫䣬ջȥû˳ҵʳ;ůһЩٰŻȥ
ɷƽʱֻջ̣ԵɷҲԼ벽׵Ĳˣÿζֻ۰Ͱ͵ĳš
ȵ˼ңջһ߽ŷɷɵ֣һƿľӵĲȴͻȻﾹȻǿյģ
ջһ¾ˣð췴ӦæȲ鿴ľӣ̶ֹŵ˿ΪŶϵģҲûʲôĺۼʮа˾ǷɷԼײ˳ȥ
̾˿֪Ǳʲôˡ͵ߵľͺã
׼ȥʱȻʲôĿţ
æתһ۾ͿһƤëغ췢С꣡
ɷɣ
Сһڵһ߹Ŀȡ
ɷɻջģϸһ£ûˡ
ɷȴƽʱԹֻǰԴﹰ˹ͻȻŲ˳ȥ
ɷɣȥĶ
ջæ׷ȥɷǰһСξͣ£Ȼͷɵջܵǰʱ̧ǰȥ
ôͣͣһֱſڣɷٴͣú۾ʱջȻЩˡ
ɷɣ׼𣿡
С겻˵ֻǶﳯ
ջЩʧ䣬ɷɱͲɽɭļңڹڼ䣬ﱬǳ֣ܶ÷ɷɸеʣԼҪӲҲá
ôһ룬ЩȻˣ߹ȥḧŷɷë׵СԴ㲻ҪߣкܶСӣÿӰͳȥɣ
СһԹѱȻɵ˽ȥ
ջֱӰѷɷ͵˵Ĵ嶫Сӱߡ
ųһδӿռóԱ˶ٻȥ
ɷɺܹԣһһڰιⶼ˸ɾȻٴСԴջﹰ˹һͷĳźӶ԰Ƭȥ
ֱһƬغɫСӰʧӾͷİѩֻһСС÷ӡջջԼĿ⡣
̧ͷϵ̫ĴɽֻʣһƵľ룬ٴδӶʱոµһꡣ
بŲĹɣеϲŭǰ΢ԲˣֱҲˡ
ϦѰѩغͰֶȾһƬ죬ʹ&zwnj;ԭ䵥ľɫƽ׳ջ˺һ𱳿߻ش

ص󲮼ңմʹݵ׼ڣһ桢һڣȻûô˵ۿպгǢ̱ӣûĳȥš
ջûǴĲõһ䣬˾䣬֪õСˣһڷСĵܵܡ
ӣǰ첻˵Ҫľóһϲ𣿡
һæѽһţһµӿϷµأ㲻˵ˣöȻľ䰳Űˣȥã
ٻʱ򣬻ͱŸԼĪ߳һ߰Сľ䣡
СľñʢĻƲľɣɫ󷽣ȥʵϸͣ˰֡
ҪǣջľĶܻͼ
֦Ҷïԣչķ񣬰ȻʢŵĻмһֻƯС꣡
ȻóַɬۣҲı⼸־ϣһ۾̻ܿľ¡
ֻС꣬ջǼĴβͣǷ·ǹдֱ̬ɷһģһ
ջԽԽϲ̲סл
̿ŮôϲҲͦˣֱӴúã
ǰ˸Щ˼ԴʵҪǰĺãҪȻҲ̲
˵ܵǶͷµһϰóһҳҳջ̿
̡öǿⶼǰƽʱģǲϺÿˣ
ֻⱾϰӱ汻Ǧʻ˸ʽСд󲿷Сġģļãԭͼûʲô
ٲӦԼŻģЧԲġƷôҲܿˣ
ջרҵƷԱȴ϶ڻ츳
Ҫ֪ǴûнӴκⷽĽ̵֮ǰΪȱٹߣϰĻᶼûУ̶ʱ䣬ĳɼⲻ츳ɶأ
Ϊеˣһϰϵ磬ĻĺܺãȹҾȥ￴ܲ򵽻滭ⷽרҵ鼮㣡
ֶж磬ҾľⷽҲǱʱһһ㿴
˵дĻջõ̱Ȼһ㣬ûɷɣȴ̵֣ܰȻҲ츳ġ
ֵȴҡͷӣˣⲻǰƽʱû½ģûҪΪǮֵ
ջȴɣУȻ츳Ǿ;ԲûǷģҪ򲻵Ҿڱ֮һôõ˷ѣ¾ҵģ
ʵרҵʦúõѧϰһ£ķ뷨ʵ֣Ҳֻ˶Щԣ
ʱҲæȰӣӡӣõģȻЩɰףеǴ͵үͷȻָ&zwnj;ԷҲܹү˼а취Ļ۾ͺúѧѧ಻ѹ
ͳһ£ֵķȫЧԸ˲ٵջǺܸ˵ģҲͲټ֡
ϣһ˰ýӣմԺһұڡ
ұڵнģϦҹıڴˡӭ񡱣һҪŵ˳˳̴ͷըβм䲻ܳڻͣ٣ͻᱻΪһֲʾҵġӭ񡱲˳Ҫп
ԼҼҷұǰҪǰһȿϣϸʪȷڵʱ˳
ȻҲǰٷ֮پܹãʱԳ˶߽ŵãһ˫죬ԾͱȻĵи˵ĺö
ν߽š߽ţеùܡ
һ˾Ժ￴մ󲮵ȼһҵڣһž⣬̴ͷŵβ˳˳ˡ˳ӭңҲԤʾµһȫ˳⡣
ȻݳԽӵʱջѾѣɫɽװ΢΢¶һ׻ɫԲë£ڵƹӳ£Ȼ
ϦҹĽҪӲҡǿ飬ԵӲҴµһ귢ƣԵǿۣиĺͷ
һ˾ջԵġ࣡
ԼǰǱԵһ̽ӣٿĴůůģ
˽ӣȫڿһꡣ
մ󲮴¿ڴͳһݸջȰţ󲮸ѹǮ
ջʧЦ󲮣ҲҪҶϰ๤ˣɶѹǮ
մ󲮲ɵӣϰˡҲǸӰСӶҪõģǰԶ󲮹ţһҪģ
̴Եţ󲮺ʹ⡣
ջҲĵһֱԼз²ɵļƣû취ֻýӹ󲮵ĺ
лл󲮡
մʱüЦŶԣ
Ҳ˵ͷٽ
ĬջԽˡƱҲԶˡ
մ󲮵ѹǮû뵽Ҳͳһһ
æ̣ӰɣҺӾͲˣ
մҲ˵裬ôˣˣУ
ȻӦɷ˵ǮһŮС
Ȼմ󲮵үྣˣϽúţĲǰ
̫̫Сɱﵡһʹ˭˵֣ŹԹ԰Ǯ
˺ҹջź̻صԼҡ
ջ¯Ⱥͺһ
ȵԼĪߵʱͷӡ
Ϻ׼õģʹջռֱóܰ
һٽӱҪϸ¡ÿؼ¹ʱƣջʱرС
úһûĽЦĺϲ£죺ãȫȫԲԲ
ų˼ԺȻһ
ʦ
ʦ
ջæµؿţͼⳤԺϼվ˺ӣѧ&zwnj;ʮһ٣
Ǽջ뺰һʦã
ôֱ쵽ջĿ
ͬѧǣã
ջóһˮǣÿǶһѡ
Ȼ󣬺ֿʼջ꣬˵ףĻ
ʦף󼪣ﰮ
ʦף彡⣡С
ʦףԽԽÿС
ջÿ͸Լף⵱
ǰĺǼ黰˵Ķˣںĺӱ㽥еҲ˵Ĵˣ˵ǰһĻᱻ˳ЦԽ棬ףžԽе㡰ڲͬ
ʦף곤
ջ
ðɣлл㣬ִͬѧȻһġ
ʦףһְ֣
ллͬѧҿ̫ܲҪ
ʦף㡢ף㡭ףӣ
ۣ
Ŷߴ˷ЦջҲ˳ǣȻˣΪѧֿףʦǲʱ򷢳ЦģôҪչһºǴ顭ԣûЦ
ջ̧ͷͼԼſڲ֪ɶʱȻ˺üˣ
ͷҪˣǸ߸׳׳ĲǰżĹ糤
Ȼûͼ־󲮴ܹԺӵܲͷǾһߺȣȻؼңʦ£
ǱҴҸջкȻһѷƵĳԺӡ
ջҲźǺߵſȥӭ糤ˡ
Ȼ֪һĹ쵼&zwnj;ʲôǸе١
ã糤
糤ҲԶͺСͬ־ð
ָָ߸ͬǸʼЦݵˣֶСͬ־ǹǣ
ջæǣã
ЦСͬ־ؿϴûڣȻ˵ΪӰѧصǳ˲𰡣һ뵽һߣҾ˳㣬ϣ㲻Ҫͻ
ջȻ˵ͻǿԱߵү־Щţ͸˵ʲôˡ
˵д̣ˣ
Ůһ糤Ҳһ㶣Ůܣ֪ǹ糤ǣ̫̫Щˡ
˽ݣ̰糤õ£ү־󲮾ڵϣջ赹ˮ˸ɶġ
糤һ¾ϸϸİӴһȿʰĸɾ룬ּٴǽϽһı˪æⷿҹ䲻䣬ֻ˵䣬Щ궼ϰˡ
˭֪糤ȴֱüͷ˵ãҲ֪˵ɶã̽ôһŪԽˡ
ǳο˼ңţ˼˵ǲã˵İ෿ã̫ˣ
һ˵ⷿӲãȴҡͷͦˣʱסӡǻɱе쵼ĸͦˣ
ǵǰڵȷʵЩкܶ๤ɽϾס˵͵ӣ˼ңҪǴģѶʱģԺǵӻԽԽã
糤ʱҲնԣ˼ң֤༸һҪôסϺ÷ӣʲôӡͨͨǱʷ
ڳү־һ⻰ʮָˣ̺Ҳôˡ
ִһЩϵ£̫̫ûɶ˵⣬Ըǡ
ֱ˵ûУ˵ΪչˣŮջʽʦ˵Ѿ֪ˡ
˸ĵûͦͶҲԽһ˵һӣûԣ͸ϽջĽˣ˵һڡ
û뵽˻ûӶûãӾͿʼˣ
ջү־󲮣˶˵ԼԹˣùǡ
Ե󣬾˶ſλڳԽӡ
ջͷŴɲһԼ˵ӣʵƣһԱֻͷȲˮү־󲮣ԽɺĪǹ쵼˼ʱģ
ֵǣǺһ졢ӶԲ˵ļƣӦͦܳԵİɣ
ջһӣ˰ҲͳԿһСǶǽġ룡ҪջԼΪǲĸͷζ





56.  ȫ嶼֪ҡ   ջԥš

ջԥҪҪλ쵼, ǲǳԲӵζʱͻȻ̿ˣ
̶Ծˣ糤ǣզˣǲǳԵĲϿڰ
糤æûСûУأԵĺܣ
⣺զͳ㰡, ʮûأ
ǾЦ˵, ûٳԣҪ֮ǰһڸ, ȵȺȶ, ҲռǶϱ, Աˣ
糤Ҳԡ, ʮڼҶ˼, һǷʣһҷ, Ӻó, Ҳرú, ѽ˵һ롢ڶ룬ǼҾ͸Ƶ, Һȵġ
ǿԽ˵Խ񻰣ַ, Ͻԡһ, ϵﰡҲͦˣһٽӣûǸϱߣʱ䲻ˣͲСʦˣ
˵ţ۶糤
糤ϷӦæԼ¿ڴͳһǮƱŵࡣ
ɶﰡ, ˵ĶԣǻϱҿǸܰ׳ԣǮƱպã
ջæ糤ǣˣλ˲ϢǣҺ̶ˣǮĲգ
ȴǲУСʦй涨ҳԷһҪǮģɲܲ򣡡
ջҲøλɲãЩǮƱҪ糤ȥ
ӿɲɶ涨֪ûǴģϼҳԼӻǮģǰɶˣ糤ǣǮƱûȥǲҪ
糤𿴳˸󣬶ȴһ̫̫ˣ˵Ⱥһ˿ȥȻֱԽջһܵſڣ
ջ
糤ܳˡ÷ΧҲ󣬡ϾŰɣҲ˵ˣǴģͲÿţ͵Ǹһɣ
ʱͷβҲû˵仰үҲỌ̇̄ɩӣŰɣǺ糤ȥ˼Ҳ˵ġ
˵ʵǰûӴ֪λ쵼ĺܺãһûв˵˴Ｘ˼ң˲ǮƱ˭Ҳûɩѣⲻԭ˵
̻ǲӦֱţǾҪҲܸôడ
ɻӦѾܵ糤Ǵɤţﰡͱ˺ˣúŰɣԺлᣬǸ
Ȼֺү־󲮣֧顢նӳϿȥһҰɣ
æҲ˳ȥ
˵䣬ǻͷǸˣ϶ౣ壡
Сʦټ
һգ˸ա
׷ȥһֱ͵ſڣ̿һǮƱͿʼ
˵զ죿
ջǰ漸ԶȥıӰ˼ĵ˵ͷȷʵա
߶ţɶܻȥأ
ջعɣȹʮ壬ҵʾּķҺţЩװŷ糤ǼĻȥ
һֱ˵ãҪȻɵǷ¶鰡
ջ˿ôһ֣ŵˣæ˵̣Щȷ£ϵڻûϼأȻݳԽӣ
ȻݣһȺӣջͿʼЩǮƱ׼ǵȻŵռȹԪھͼĻȥ
һǮƱУǮԼĪиʮ飬󲿷ֶǻ̵ƱƱƱƱƱЬƱƱʳƷƱ֮ʽ廨ţȫĺܣ
ǣ澹Ȼ¾Ʊ
һȲΪԼۻˣ̿Ʊû̲סһ졣
Ůһ˵ֱ̫̫Ĵȣѽѽզ¸ˣ궼ʮˣ̹Ҳˣⶫǵǰ׼ˣ
Ȼһ˵ĸŮ㿴˼ȫĥűƱ۲ãⶫȱĻţҪ۾˰ɣʵڲУ۵ʱƱϣ
ջе£ǣѵ˶װⶫе㲻Ծ
̣ЦˣɵѾͷ۶Ů˵ңĸ˶ܴôƱһɲϱ׼ģ˼λ֪ۼķͷģǺ糤ҲûһѶˣ
ջ˳ʵ̣λ쵼ôƱΪչۼң
̾˿ôµģʵҲһˣһ괺ֳոĹǻ£ŶҲǽž˽
үү־Ϊչǣصذ쵽ۼң˼һ˵󲮼ͳһ˼Ҿ͸ǮƱ
ǰžŷǮһֵһǮǮʳ֪Ϻˣʱ󲮼ҵծû壬ӹÿ࣬һͰǮˣ
ڲһˣʽʦ󲮼ȥҲǮˣ۾Ͳű˺ЩǮƱˡ
ջյ˵ͷԭ̵Ҳõ쵼İȻջ֮ǰҲйĲ²⣬ſǸɲһ
ϱõһƱ֤ǳṩĿҲʵ̫ˣңǼڶѾѵˡ
ջ˻ɵӣǱȴѾ¾ƱϲԽƤǳ̵꿴Ź˼ֳɵǾǱԼİҲϸͷ̾òƱƱ
˵̲꣬סջˣ˵ֱӰƱǲǲðǿԼҲûǲ˵ֺռ˼ұƵġҪȻŵʱӴһ죿
ջ

ͷ¾ƱȴЩ˼Ϊѣȴ֪һߵ糤ͷҲˣ
ӻҵһ¾ܵ˳ԼϱĽӣһһ̻ʣ
û뵽һϱܵſڣʣҷд̨ЩƱأ
糤һĨ飬ĽӶˣĨĨ죬װһνŶȥˣզģɶ°
ϱæʣõĶˣ
糤һһɣӰĶĶɶ¶㱨զģͬ־Ϊ쵼İˣôѵģҪע˼򣡡
ϱֱţ˵ɶأƽʱۼҶǸɶʱ˵һ֣ɶ£ܲǰ˵һ
ߵЩƱ¾ƱھҸŮò׻ģ
ɶ
糤һɵˣһƨڰϣ૵ܼǣˣƱһŸɶɶˣ
ϱû˼ڱԹ֪֪ƱֶŪֳֻˡȽĸŮͬ־ײܰƱ˵Ǽң˾Ϊ¶˰ˣǰүǻ˼һ붹ӣǳԵĵ㣬ɻͷɶ˼ң
⻰糤סˣ
ץֳ߲ɷľϵģƽʱЩ߰С»û
̲סѿ˾䣺ƽʱɶ˵껹ʶԼϱ¡ϵλÿۡ
仰һֱӰϱŪסˣȷӦʱ˸ȥ󱳾һٴߴ
ɶأҪģ򣡡
糤ǶԹԼϱţľľţⶫͦŪģ˵еôҪͼװ֪ɡǰûƤ͵͵ûºˡ

ջһҲ֪ϴɵô࣬һ̻߶Ҫ¾Ʊû뵽¾ˣ
˳ѩ󲮺ͶɨԺӣҲһ˵ɨѩݾ;Сһ׹һ׹ܣҲû£Ͽʱ򣬲ŷֿŪˣ
̽Żˣ׼¿ָһǽҹ¾
ȶԸãһȥ¾ȥ
ջȻϣ̣ˣһãôѩ϶ߣȹҺˣȥ
һ˵ѩֳˣʼ䡱ջ˵⺢ӣԼҪզ֪أͷһ磡ҵһ飬һҪעˣҪһԺҪˣ
̫̫˵ţָæµضһǽٺһ룬һðɺߣ
ջΣ̣ҲպһٺȽ򿻣
ȴҲúȣڶȵ㣬ܱԺǿ
ջû취ֻýӹ룬˹˺ȹˡ
һһֱûô˯ҹһ¯ӻ𣬾̫䶳Ů
һǽЧˣջڶʱˬСҲûôˣ̰æ
˭֪˵ɶҲڿţѷ˶ֱӶ˵˸ǰ
⻹㣬̫̫ų뷹ͼȥ־󲮼ңʴһѻλ
ζ࣬ڻǮݾƣżҲйϱԼԡ
Ρǣ뷨Ū棬һź죬׼»ɶûУ
֪զ£̣Ȼ֦õ棬һȥ
û֦ﶯе棬ԼŹˣ
Ȱˣ̻Լϱпӹö찡СŮһգ۾ͳ˴ܼඣױҲðˣ
⻰жҴܵСȥˣͰŪ֪
Ǵҵ˵ʮҲ֪Ϊɶǵһ̳ӴӶݰ㵽ݣִӺݰᵽݵأȦ˵Ҫᣬ֣̾
ЦֱëҲ֪Ϊɶ
ôһ˵ɣСȻʮҲɶţͬҲûţ
ΪҪɶóԵģҪƽʱ϶ȥǹóԵĶ࣬ŵȹ˵
Сһԭ⻹ֻһңһʱͶ˺ģŪǺ«ﵽɶҩ
鲻ȥʰ&zwnj;ﰮﰮǶ󣬹궼ʮˣ˵֪
˾ʹҪȥﰮסڴߣӹȥҵʱøﰮվ·˵
ͷСΪԵʣɺ죬кҲûˣﻹͦˣ޴ڣ˵Ҳ֪զ¡
Ȼ󼸸˾һ䡢һİԼҸǰ̳ӵ½˳ˣ֪֪ɶԭΪɶǰãǰ᲻ã
û뵽ڴͨ󡱵Ҳˣû˵ô£
һԵﰮöͨ죬֧֧ðŸס
ԭϦҹ̳ӣΪ磨飩˼ܶһ£ָϱ൱ǱԵ
һ˵ô߶߶ΪȢϱʱ;û˼ˣ
ִ˰Ϊ°ûͰҪ߰Ųȥ֣ǹ򰳻̣
Ҳ׷׵ͷʾͬ
СŻеﰮ̲ס׽Ū˼ιﰮô˼ǲʮҲǼһ̳ˣ
ﰮϸȥȶգˣӿԽЦ
ֺˣ϶ǰˣ
һԵҲǣﰮȵĶҪѩˣʱֹСˣСǶ󣬱ʹ۸ˣ
СȻҲȽзִ磬Ա㲻׽ŪﰮʱҲ֪˭˵һ䡰ﰮʦͬأͰѻջϣ
һ㣬С˵ĻҪ˵硯̽컹˵ʦҲܼˣ׼ױˣ
Ա߲һǵЦ˲ʱһװ˾䣺СΪʲôô˵
ҲĿССҲû룬˳ǰ˲̾ǼҪүݾõĻΣ˰̾˵ôһ죡
ȴһ̲סʵˣ
ﰮҲ˵԰Сʦô£զ˵أ
Ҳ׷׵ǰʦǸȥģ˵ͼɶϵզԽԽأѵβõĲ
һ仰ֱڳĴˡСɫˣ
СʱˣޣϹ˵ɶǣû˵Ϊ˵ʦĲأǸΡǡɶİһˮܺá
˵ԼҲеɻ󣺡ʦȥ˼»ػ÷˾ͶۣȺҩǵٷʱҲͲ̫ˡ
ԽԽԺ⵽ɶܷ۲˵ȥ˸˵βõĲز
ϾͶ¶˵ǣ֪˭һ䣺鷳ˣҪʦ·զ
¡һֱüͷɺȻһ㶣ɫŹֵСһ䣺Сȷ֪ʦԺ󣬲˵Ǿ˵Ļ𣿡
Сͷƶûɶµģô⸱ŵãԼҲеò׼ˣСǰҪǰ˵ûɶ£Ҳô˵ġ
ɵıʱЩЦãѾ˲²⣬뵽νġͿƲסѸպ죡
Ϊð׾ܵγѪԱߵﰮһ
޴磬զˣ
ԴȵĿ⣬ɵҡͷû£ͷվˣ÷紵ã
紵ã
ʶ̧ͷݵͼһ̫з
ȻԱ˸ʮֽʵɣʦ
ﰮ飺զ˵ʦˣǴǲǶȥ
Ӷ׷ױʾͬСҲúȷʵȥ
һ˷ոС˵ѾʦҩҾʦҩܻúϢһ£ڹȥ˵׼ӰϢҽǲڼŶ˵һȥ
һҲе໥Լȹһȥʦҡ
ӻȥԽԽأɽҲûɶҽһСҲɶϡ£ǶϲԼʦĻи̣㶼̲סѰСĻ˸Եĵ衣
Ҳֲզ£Լżٲó໥һôһʮʮ٣Ĺ򣬲ȫ˶֪ջһβ˸ġֲ
°־󲮺үҲˣͷ컹úõģզûž̯ôأ
˼ĹǺÿ֦ţ֪ԼǰܼҶӴ˻æͣ
Լ̾ȫʦġֲȫֶ֪ʦ١
ʵʵſڼȿͷϵջѹ֪Լַʽɹռɽ෹ĵһλ
ֱ絽ϣһֱ½½ŷֲԾ
ЩеһСǣеһСԼڵĻεģΪЩ̵ģŷִŶֱҵһúڿſţȺˮ֮ģ
Ŀһ£⼯Уԣǳģ
ջе£̳ȥզ£֦;СĶˣ
С֧֧˵ǰջֻһͷզŰ

̰һǸε֦ĸߣһݾͷŮԴޱѶ¶ͷſǶһģ
̫̫Ůﻵˣæȥÿˣ
һŮޱ̣㿴ſڹҵ㣿
һ¾ˣ񡢲̵ıŮ仨
ֿջСС£Ҳǵ㣬ĳİ˻£ϵһȥˣҲܣҲ£ڲ磬ŮˣûЦۣЦȥƴ
ջҲЦǱ̬һʱеûеŤټ£͸ӷˣ
ǴСģ֪Ů飬§Լʱһٵ¡
ǻҲô󣬹ʮǻøϵ죬ںӱϴأ
ʱҲϴϴž;öۣҲΪԼҪֶӣѶϴˣؼңɰû߼˸סˣ˰ø߸ݵģ۾Ҳ󣬿˵ʱɵģ
һһĦŮ黨裬Ŀг˻
ʱɲͷˣɶ£û뵽һʣ˲˸첱ӴֵģҲűŤʵڲ˵ͱˣ
˾ͼˣһ׷ǰ棬ѰֽסˣȻ˵ͰϵˣѰŵİΪҪˣҪˣû뵽ڰϣ˵˾䡮ѿڡ͸ӻƵˣ
ʼզ£˵ӣһѺ棬һѪæȥӱ֮߰ǰǿʯͷҲմѪԼ֪£µԼǸˣ͸æؼˣ
ջȤ˵ѻصĴ壿
ȴҡͷϵЦ͸˿֣ܰһƻŮ˵»ش壬ñ˿ǰˣ
ջôȥģ
ƵСӴӲصļң·ļҲϣû˭ͷһ룡
ջҲǣЦ̲ס̣Ǻأðѻȥɣ
ЦϵϾȻżۣˣˣԸˣ
ջɴ۾ԣǸԭүү
§ŮүүѸĵڶ죬ٴӾʱ򣬾ͷְ֮ǰṶ̄ǿʯͷˣһȦûţʱ˵ˣ
;ϸģͦˣԺýϰҰ˵ףʹӦˣ
ջû뵽үү̵ԵȻʼģһʱҲ棬Ҳ֪Ϊɶ£Ҳһ㣬֮ǰôꡣ
̺Ů׼ȥַüͷϸŮʱųԡ
˷ţһ̧ͷͿǶ߷·Ǻ
滨Ժɶǧմˮðɣˣ£
滨ɳȵ㣬ԺͲˣ
ҡͷЦЦӣַȥ
ʱյԺŴȻһ죬˸Ժʲô
˭ѽ
̺һȴֻһɿȥĽŲ
߹ȥֵһգȻֵһϸģе¨
̶ſ￴˿澹ȻһĻΣ
αϻһɫ̴ȫɹɵĺɽõ




57.     ջŸӡ

ջŸӽ, һʲ֪˸Ÿӽҩġ
һĻκͺ棬Ҳ֪Ǹõģ
̽źɽõİײŵϣ֪˭ģҲϽ, ζʵ, Ҳáõ, ͷһ, ⻨ˮȶСã
ջ, һɽõ, ǰڰְֵ￴һɻ, ɫĻ, ɫĻ, ССһ, ʮ־¡
ְָֻɽܳÿ괺֮, ·ߡɽ¹ȵأ洦ɼ
ֻֻ֪Ч
̰ѿļҩʰ, ̾˵˵˭أôҩ, ȴ¶棬лû˵಻ã
ջĿⲻɨǿź͸ɻİײͻȻЩ죬æ̯ϸ˿Ȼ鲼һϷǳǳӡӡ
һ˽ϵ͵ӣȻʱ÷˰죬ǻӡӡ
ǰʮˣСһ, 鲼˺Щǹȥ
ҩʮа˾žǸ조ײβĸģ
ջ뵽ˣһ£ǡû뵽Ҳ֪ˣ
ˣҲе
˴ϴΰɷɿ֮Ҳ֪ʼʲôŤԶͻȻ䲻ͷôԣǻ˵ϻƵġ
ȻеƣҲ뿪ˣֲұ˵뷨Ըˡ
ֻǰһҩԥţǰԼƲ̡
һ룬Ҳ޼С͵ģ˵ģֻһʰĻΣ޼Ļ
ټΪСﳣԵʣ޼СҪЩ˵Ů£Ų˼صصţַҲȫпܣ
ԽԽþô£̲ס˵ӻǸϸĵˣôһȫ
ջҲǣ˵֮ǰеĪܹ黹ͦ˵ҲΪѲƽ֮ǰЩʧĵطˣ

ֻӺǹر죬һգ۾͵ʮٸһʮˣ
磬ռӭһλԶĹͣǮŮǮ
Ǯջֻͬ꣬ջС£ӱջ˰ͷȻֻ㣬̬ȴã̵Ļ˵ǿƵģ
ǮʮȵĹ磬ΪڼֳҲûôæԹ쵼֪࣬Ƿ٣Ϥһ»ȹʮʽϸڡ
Ǯʰ񣬾ɽӿջˡ
ջͶԷʮͶһͷڿϣ˵Ļ
ǰڱӵʱ򣬾˶Ա˴˵ӡ󶼺ܺãȴһֱûʲôദĻᣬμ󣬳˿ʼʱľн澹Խĵ
ջԼͶԷںܶϵ뷨ıϣұԼЩ;ǿԸǮǸĹ
ԷҲûеߣԼ뷨ţȴųǨͺ±ˣȴһζã˵ջʮԸõˣ
ǮҲջӳȴ󷽣¸ɴΪȫѹִǰʱҪʱʱİѶԷ伸أˬֳζ̸ֹǽϲ
ǣԽദĺãԱ̱ΪǮЩŮİмѣС̸ıŮڽ˿ĵѣȻ˵ĺܡ
С˵̫̫һץһǹģһõ裬ٲֺǺǶһ足ӹ
ȵ˳Է㣬Ǻ޲ʹʮ˰գһӺ÷òˣⷬʢǮЩ˼ˣ
ȳ˷ûãǮҪû֮ǰϻع磬ջðһֱͳһ·˲ķֱ
ʮһҪǼңһڣ
ǮͷŶԷ֣Цеҿ϶˵ҪҰԪأôҲҪ˼Ԫ䵽˵
ջҲЦֻԪĴɶţʱһҪŵԲ
Ǯȴץ֣ɫһǵø˵һ´ƽʱʲôͳʲôƷˣѾ̵ˣҲôѽ
ջЦ˵ģⲻǸϹڼ֪ˣȻ䣬ϣΨһȥɽˮģôҲܸŪһ
̫ˣԱԺãûӵҾֳ֪ʳⶼǹҴ˷ģΪȷܶڿɽľһߵĹٱ˺֪ܳԱ
ĴҲŽ⣬ֻҪϸɣԴ
˵˼仰ջȥȱʲôгɵӣʱ´ԼҲæһ׼˲ŸԷֿ

ʮϣջ̵һ¾ȥմ󲮼ҡ
Źʮ壬λҽҲûҽԺϰˣСţߡ˵ÿŵӶ˳УջŲʮŶȥؿ
֮ǰӰһҹ꣬һֱţֻˣҲ˵ˡ
һȫû뵽˵£궼סˣ
մֱӴӵվһٵ˵ĶģǸɶӶҽ
ջͷУ
ֿԱͬĿ¶ŵĴʹ磬ϸϸ͵󲮡ǻǲǵǰһȥţ֮ǰ־˵ҽԺϴԭǴҽҽܸߣǴλȥҽԺһˣλϴһ¸ǵĲ顣
λصҽλϴƼģŲԾȥһԡ
մæʣ˵û˵ⲡǲһκã
ûջش𣬵ȳ֣ʵɶĸ˾ҽ˶ûž͸Ʊզ˵ֻҪһϣǺõģԣ
˵ɶ£ֻҪռ֣ҲǸзϣǲɽľ˭ҲԸһεų⣬ʱһ˭Ҳܲˡ
˵ʵȷʵλһӰ죬Էľһ˵ǲ̫ʺϵģټЩѣȵմ󲮲һֱԸСӸһɽ
۳ҲһһˣȴһֱûӪȢӶ£󲮷ȻҲҪȻմҲôеջȷϡ
ջȻҲϣô󲮷ģ²ܾģҲֻܾοˡ
󲮡ҿλϴҽǺܲģȻƼģֶͬ£ҹλҽӦЩˮƽģҲеģ
մʱҲЩӦæͷúӣ˵ĶԣǴ̫ļˣȻʮȥ֣ȥλش򡭡
ȥ
ʱ˭Ҳûϵһֱû˵Ȼˡ
ȥ
ٴǿһ飬˲Ŀͷö֡裬磬ȥˣۼҵļȥŻ壬òɿ˼죬üˣ
ջ˶Ĺǣæ磬Ǯ㲻õģҵĹʹõģ
Ҳӣ۲ϻǮЩ¶ģֱȥҽԺɶ̸㵣ţ
մ󲮸ſ죬û˵һɳƵȻ
ȥѪһҪȥ
˴˴ðŷӦȻǴ﷢ģ
Ȼ˵ˣһʱ϶¶ϲı飬Դ󣬴ûմ˵һ仰ڼǶҲٿڣһѾʮû
մɫĿŴͷᶨӣĻȥ
һΪǣĿĸ׳ϣϣãźۿ˵ͷ
һ¶ϲմ˵ҪȥȦ򵽹ȴջʱס󲮣Һ̵Ǯڴ̶̫ˣ
մ󲮲ɣУѾﰳǹˣ󲮲ɶ¶ָ㣡
ջʵڼ֣ɴ󲮣ңҸǮԺǾͶҵˣտǾڰտ
մ󲮼ˣզУⲻռı𣡡
ջȴģ¶ڣӿռóʮǮɷ˵˴
̾Ȱ־ŰɣиȻͷµʱŻֶŮ
ջ͹̣ǮǾȦծ󲮣ǿɾ˵ˣЩҵˣɲ
մָ̾жҲۿջĿм
ֱۣܵܣӣӦ磬νΣһҪѧǿֻΪԼҲΪң
ݲĸĸһȫȻΪֵ̺ã̾Ϣ૵ΪѾõĶ
˳ŸĿ⿴ãصͷ磬ףģ

󾭹һջմ󲮺һȥҲʮϾͳ
һ£ջȥ־󲮿ţ־һ˵ջҪȥؿһզѾͷĸ´ֲþˣ
ջæ־ˣңҺʹҪҶȥؿ
־˿漴üǵغͦԶģ𳵰ɣ
ջͷҪ/˸Сʱ𳵣
־ţҲû˵ɶһ߸ţһ߲ͣǧҪעⰲȫٸİ˽Ӵ֮ģǸСޣ˿Цá
ҲЩ֣־󲮶̬Ⱥе㲻Ծ˵лһУǸоɶƷƵģԵֽСеΥ͡
벻ԭҲֻðЩУл
ֻջ֪־ǰŰͳţžæȥү¡
үǱȣҲûӵ£˼Һȥ翴ۻŲȥզģȥλ쵼쵼Ҳ
־Щզ죬壬˵ⲻɶΣհɣ
үҡҡͷڣĪ˵󲮺磬ǺԼҲ£Ǿ仰Ƕ̫СѾͷˣŮйɾһܸɴµģ
ȰҲϻ񣬰ƷеԼ̫ˣʱһѾͷɶɾҪ¶ˣǲû쵼ǽأ
־ҲǣеķһѾͷ¾ͽţ˵ģɲɶ£
үԼĻȥˣֵˣȻȥúЪЪһȥ˹磬ϻ㱨һ۲˹Ůţû㱨ǵû㱨
־æ壬˼ұˣǰȥɣ˵Ķԣľǡͷں棬ǵúúϰϰߣҪûզأԸצˣ
Ҫ˵ϵ־󲮾үⷬ㲦ٿջʱȻ̬Ȼ˲٣ջǲԼ֮ǰĸоֻǴ

ʮ죬ǮԼˣСһ̰Ԫ
Ԫлںͺ춹ɳ֣ȴСȻϸ׵Ŵ׷зֱСһԲĴٿһϾ¡
СҧһֺԪʱŴóԵĲˣ
ΪдԼѣջ³&zwnj;һ⡣
Ｙг幫ֳֿƬۼ͵õĵۺץȣȷÿһƬⶼۺְȻ͹ը죬Ϊ˿ڸиִԸըһΡ
ＹƬȫըúǡ״ס׽͵һ֭ȻͣȺ󣬰ըõƬŽȥŵõ֭кõĺܲ˿ϸ˿ٷһӣͿԳˣ
³ĹһƬƣΪǴ֭ļӳ֣ÿһƬ϶žӨĹ󣬳Ƥִ࣬ǡôһӲۿɿڵںһټϲζڸʱøḻ㴼
˹⣬ŹǣĻ裬⻹㳦Ƥͽƴɵˡ
Ǯջæƻֱ˵Ҫʽֳϰ࣬͸ʲôҲúϢǡ
ǮֲԼص֮ǰĻƤ˳ɨɨǽһʱ̧ͷһ飬ջ˾䣺ܿһ𣿡
õ϶Ĵ𸴺ĵһ鷭
һСѧһ꼶Ľ̲ģǮһΣϸµıŸ˵ͽ⣬Ǳɽӵʦ̿õĽ̰
ϸϸЩע֪ʶ˵ԽԽϸܵϸȫ棬ѵǸʵﶼϵһȺɽûʲôӴĺǣҲȻ޶ȵȥʶ硣
ǮãǾ̶ֳȵģ²ɶԼλ½ĺԽ;˼֣
˼£ͻȻӺҳл˼ֽƬƮƮƾ˵ϡ
æŷ֣⼸ŰƴֽƬϾȻÿŶһǦʻ
ϵҲģеǻķ񣬻Ҫݽһֻɴβ͵ƯСڴɭˣһ黨Ĺ˼ϤĵľκչˣֱС˺Ժ󣬹ֽͻصĵطһ¡
˺ǸѧߣȽɬ濴ҲЩ򵥣ƺóץס̬ͱһСصɭֱʱ˫ı͸⴫
Ǯ͸Żܵ￴С뿪ʱֲᡢ˸Уһ˿ο
ԼҲ֣˵򵥵Ļ棬ǲܸܵôӵģܵˣеѹʵǺ
⻭ϵĹԽԽĥԼԼĹ»ɸпԼĺôл滭츳ҪлܺúѧһѧҲܴľϲ




58.     ջŲ˽ݵʱ򣬾Ϳ

ջŲ˽ݵʱ, ͿǮһ̾ĿԼļС
ԷЦʣ㻭ã⻭ϵŮԼ𣿡
ջЦϵȷʵ, ⻭ɲһġ
Ǯȵⲻ㻭˭
ջҴ󲮼ҵĴ, ͸ҵģôǲǿŻ
Ǯո, 󲮼, ŶԷС̱ڴ, ӦҲûʲôӴѧϰĻ, Ҳ˵Щȫ˼ԼĥŻ, ʵں˲
Ͽҵ, λ, ⻭ų, ҲȻҪҵһλʵʦѧϰһ, ʱһȡúܺõĳɼ
ջ֪СǮܸ裬Ʒλ϶ԼҪǿ, ԴĻ϶, Ȼˣ漴ֲЩ
˵ǱȿԼҪģ֪Ҵ󲮼ģҲ˵СɽʲôûУҴҲûʲôõİ취ֻŵҶȥؿʱ򣬿Ǳܲ򵽻滭ص鼮
Ǯ, Ǳ֮ǰǱҲ¿ⷽ顭ɣҸҸдţڱǱңҲȥУҲԶʡǣ϶򵽵ġ
ջ֮ǰȷʵпڱ飬ֻҪȥأ˵Ǳ򵽣ʱͷȷˣΪܵȻмǾ鷳ˣҴȰǮ㣬õȻã򲻵ҲûϵҪǮˣ
ǮֵʲôǮҪôĻǼһǷǮأ͵ǸǮˣ
ջû磬ֻѲǮʱͰǮֱӼȥǮҡ
ʱ̵ĺôϿ˶ˣ׼Է
Сæſꡣ
ϣǮǼŻջС£һ˵ǰľȹһֻС꣬ȡ˸ֽСɷɡȾȤҲЩж
ֻ̾Լ˼СɷɵĻᣬʵڿϧ
ԹûãǮ͵ûعˣϾʽˣȥҲ׼׼
ջְ͵˴ԶĵطŷֿΪÿζ˵ԼʲôȱջֻÿŸЩȥ
ζ˵ͣ²ĻΡ桢ǣһС̳⽴һ޵Сը㣬ƿƿ޹װһӡ
˵Ҳѧпγ̵뷨Լһ׸һĽ̲Ҳһ˹ȥ
ǮӣЩεԺҶȥǼˣ
ջŲģһ㻹˵ңԼһǿֵģ̶˵Ҫѹˣ
һЦе᲻÷ֿ
ǮҪϰˣȻÿϢһ죬ɱϾէôҲӦһʱ䣬ջҪȥβһȥҲ֪Ҫã˿һʱ棬Щź
ȷֿջȻǮԶԶһȥҸ飬ж
ǮЩ죬æժƶóһһȻǱ﷢ԼĸռҵŽ
æ̧ͷȥջɺİѩû˶ԷӰ
ֽԭվãǿ罫ִͨ죬ȴһС¯Ⱥģе˵ů

ջҲͺΪչ٣ɽʮҹﻹҪһĻȼƣ
νġȼơǼҼһԼҴȼԢ⽫ϦҹġٿͿߣͬʱҲжδµһܹΡ
ڲַóӣһһҰڴ࣬Ȼ¯ȡȼյľƬȼͷʮȵҹƻյĺܺá
ǵĺ϶ܳѸѹ׶һ̷Ź⣬Ȼ󰤼Ұıһ˭ҵĵƻȼãȻĽǴҶֻ϶Լҵĺã˭Ҳ˭һ£շ׷ףɴһɢؼҸҸ衣
ɾˣÿһʮԪڣһҹֻҪкڴﺰһϣÿÿջ˷ġԮȻѸһ֧ƺƴĿƶ飬Ʊһζʮ

ڶߵ㲻ջʹ󲮸׼ʱӴڳ־󲮸ǵϻ𳵡
ŶҲͣմ󲮺&zwnj;ջܷģ˵һŶڼҵ̺ʹˡ
˵ٶȽӿ죬ջͷһֱվڴڲȥǣůƽһԤȥ֣һջ
־󲮸ųһ·Ҳͣοմ󲮣±𷢳ҪǮͻһһգдչʱ򣬽ǧżϻ
·ľʱջѾĵƹ⣬źѴΪеһԱһϸڣ֪᲻ϰߡ
ڼ߲̫۵ĻԱȽʡӦܺܿӦ
ţȻһƬĵƹ⣬˸æͷȴһŴӺ濪ϵ˾̽ǻ֣ǰ磬ҪȥĶ
ΪȽխΪԷϣԼܰæһ·־󲮾͸æͣջҲ׷磬־󲮰ϵһߣм·ó
ſһ¡׷ñ˾ͣ³˵лλ磬ǲ˼鷳ǰæ·ллǣ
˶٣˾ĿջԼǴɨɨʵλԶţҪȥػվҪȻҵĳɣһ̣
¼˵ǻˣæ˵Ŷˣҽһ£ҽ־18һһİ೤Ҫǽӵϼ񣬵ػվȥһɽʡ
˶һϲϵĺ£ſɸǹֶ̨̡ϨСͳһ˼ֿȣпġüһ
־󲮾͸æ೤̫ˣǾ¸鷳
೤Ц磬ɶ鷳ģһҲߣҲϣﾡ
˵֮ջմ󲮡˾೤Ĵţ־Ҳһˡ
೤Աߵĸʻһˣմ󲮺ջȥүֱ˺ͷĳ
೤ǣλ磬ɶıӣֱãҲõ磡
үȻڳҵľɫӣһ·ڳűӣû䡣
Ϊ˳糵ֻСʱ͵ػվ
ٴ೤лջô󲮺ͶȽҵţԼƱŵֵĳƱ
մҪջƱǮջûͬ⣺󲮣ЩȻؼ˵ڳ⣬Ǹ˭Ȼ˭ģ
ʮһʮֿڲžŵ࣬ҪСʱ
մջģ˵ȥջԭܾǵһԵʣһʮֺӣô¿Լվתת
վҪĴֻʮӵ·̣ջŶοꡢʾ̵֡ꡣ
·ӪʱõһոճȺջһʮ
صң˳һȺĴӣûã𳵾ˡ
ܸչ꣬˶̽׼ٷ̣𳵵վ³˿Զϳ˶ˣ
ջʹ󲮸Ʊϳŷ֣ܶλſŵģأ
𳵵Ҫ߸СʱԼ뵽վ
մ󲮺һ𳵣˷ִ˵š
һֱĴųڲûٳ˿ͣ̽˼Ȧ͸մ󲮱Ȼ˵ӴĲȻͨģܿмľ
˵ڸڳῴдһɫѵһˮˮջ˭ˮǴĶģ
ջ߸սһгԱڸ˿ǷˮڳгԱŴˣ
ȺּŶԷǴ´ɸעڵĿˮʶ˵ллԷҲʮֿĶ˵˾䣺ͬ־Ϊ
رˣλгԱߺջָĻ&zwnj;ȼúṩԼůʳȺڱϣþ۾񣬴Ȥ
մһֱԼλϣֶŮͶӵĶԻĿȴרעĿųľɫЩϵϾѵ¶һ΢Ц
·̹֮һ˷ܾԱû˵ųûһȻСࡣ
մһΣֱ̾⺢ûûΡ
ӣջͰѶѣ˵ͳԷ
ϳԷҪƱ׷ϸ³ĳˣװţܴ󣬲֮׷֮һĳˣһУջԼԲˡ
ÿëزÿһë
Ļǲ˳˿زǳײƬÿ˻һ
Ǳմʺ˼ǮæֶŮǰǮ˳ȥﻹǲǮˣû뵽ʢгԱȴЦŶҡҡͷָͬ־ȵǱƱƾƱ췹
մ󲮸æͷһŷǱ߹ȻиСרͳƱģֶŮǱ߽ǮѷƱõˣ
մһ¾ˣٿԼҵɵӣ˼Ҳͳǰء
մ󲮶ʱ;ҵ˳ĵطȥŶӺ󱳾һƣССӣڼͻõЩأŻǣﰳŵ㿴³ԷԭƱһûŪ׼öǮˣ
һҲЩֻùԹԸϴ
Ǳջͦģ͸󲮺ͶһҪһУԼҪĳײƬ˷Ʊ˺зͺ
һҵˡֲĻᣬæȥæ
Էʱմ󲮷ҪǺزˣջɣֱ˵óԵĳ˲٣ھһڡ
մֲֶŮֻúͶһ𣬰˿иջջĶˣ
˷ӲͳûСʱ𳵾͵վ
Щûֱջǲǻ𳵿Ŀ죬ʱʱҲƽʱÿ죿
ٱԹմҲ˵ʱǿ죬ɽľͷǰûо
ԶԳһĸջҲǿЦã˵Ϻö֪ൽֳʱϼȥ˲ѾгԱſˮӹ¯һ˶һСʱˣһˮû֮һһˮҲʣ
û취ֻõȻڴһվͣºӵվ̨ȥˮ
һ˳󲮸Ͳˣ˵ҲԻǱ˵ƻ˶𳵵ӡˡ
ʮ΢˼Ӳŵվ
һ³һҲѾӦ˼Ǳ߼µϺǵǸоظů˵㡣
վһдƾſ䣬մ󲮺һ䣬ջԼһ䡣
մ󲮵ջԼס£˵ҪջſڵȶԸһޣջ˵˵ŰȰȥ
һҹϢڶԱߵĹӪ򵥳˶㣬ȥҽԺ
غԶһҲſΪռݽͨŦλãչǱԶؿ˺ܶ࣬ŸӷһЩ
ҽԺڸϣǳңĹģҲԶҽԺͦ࣬ΪûµԵʣҽԺ˲ࡣ
ջ֪ҽǰѾصҽԺϰ࣬һϲϾŽŹ˶Էڵڿơ
ҽԼİ칫ĵһˡ
մ󲮽ĻԭλȥѮϴϸΪһ
ķǳϸ£Ҳһջž͸Զλϴһ
ʱԽҲԽţͣץԼ䣬մ󲮸ǺüͣˣΨһŻõջҲһ˫۾ʼζҽ
Ҳ֪˶ãջҪסʱҽջԼ̧֣ͷ˵ֻҶʱЩˣֻаٷ֮ʮİա
˵겻ջӦ־ԵҸ˵ʵֲĿǰûʲôõƷ˵ǰٷ֮ʮĳɹΪһӣԼоģͬʱҲҪΪһƳ̡Ϊʮƣ
ϴʮºͣղҲ˵ǴԶعģǱˣҪҪһԣǿǺپ





59.     ջմԴϲ

ջմԴϲ, ʱʲôԥģĪ˵˼һаٷ֮ʮİգǰٷ֮ʮҲ
ջӦ죬æشΣش, ھͰסԺ𣿡
ش˵ͷܰסԺõ, Ҫһ԰ȶƻ, Ǽϵĺ, ʤ͸һЩ
˸ǻϲ, սȭͷ, ϵЦֹҲֹס
մҲ, ش˼ش, ̫лˣ
شæסմ, ¶΢Цͬ־, Ҹģ㲻ô
˵Ż, ˭֪ش̧ͷմʱǵЦݺȻһ١
ϸϸĿմ󲮵ɫ, , ĺС۶һ飬ۼ˶¶⣬شȴûŽֱͣӶմ󲮵λͬ־£ҸҲź
˶شͻȻһŪˣʶĴλøԼĸףջȴǿشصɫ, һ
մЩ˼ش򣬰û£أú
شȴ𣬽Źմ󲮼⣬Ȼմϵްϸλһѹһ߰һմʲôо
һմ󲮻ûɶӦɺ¹ϵıȻһ䣬˭ܿó¶˵Ǽ۵ġ
ջͬʱɫջʶ߬ȭͷкȻһɲõԤС
شҴǲʲô⣿
شջ֣ԿˣĿ˿Ƚµջϣ̾˵Ӳ𣿡
һ˲䣬ջֻˡһֲ֪
ǻڱӸֳƽ¯иֹ˾ΪرϲȾƣʮ˾ûˣ
Ǽ˾סմǰߣߺʣһϵϡССڼޣջڶ־Ŀ
ʹԼһѣԼ侲شЩѵĿʵ˵Ҵ󲮵˸Ӳ
شͷ֢״ϿӦþˣķĸӲⷽжϲҪһ˽⡭ȸҴȥһλ򡣡˵գȳȥ
ջͷŴ󲮸ϣմȴʶһСҲվջմ󲮣Ȼ̲סöӲɶⲡⲡǲǲΣ
ջŴ󲮱֣ǿЦġ磬룬ûش˵Ҫȥһ𣿾˵а취ġ
մֶŮĻ侲˰˳ǶԶӵӣö˵Ķԣⶼһզأ־һСë߰ɣ۱شۣ
˵ش칫ңȴشûԶﾲĵǡ
ǳ밲οմ󲮵˵·ȥҵλҽ
ҴȥҵҽԺԺϴ׶ңóļ֢&zwnj;졭ŶƼҵλʦֵܣҲϴѧϰҽ
ջмشĺ⣬˿ҺģһŴҪô죬ô죬ô죿ҪôһҴ־޴Ĳ
Ҳ֪˶ãһôֺֻж̶̵һӣջŴ󲮸شһߵ¥һ칫ſڣڡ
ϡ֮ϴʱջһʲôҪ¸ԣҪ֧ţԼ
شմ󲮵ܸλϴ󣬺ϴԸմһòųλ磬ĸǲҲΪβȥˣ
ջԣŵĽĿͶմ󲮡
մɫ΢΢˱䣬ղŵ˵ͷΪβûġ
ջٴΰȦһ¾ͺˡ
ֻ֪ԼүүʮͷͲˣΪĵ£ǲϸʣټϼҽܶʵҲ֪Լɶ
մȴĻҹ󣬽ȶסɽǰҲûɶУ˲ǺץҩԣˣͦһӣԽͦԽأͰ˶ٶĿǣ˸У˸˵ĸζ͸ˣѾˡ
ϴ˵ͷǾͶˣ㱾Щ㣬ֳ־ᣬټӪۣܰͲŷѾˡ
մһʱЩżΪԼ˵ǴӰǶģǰĺǻ᲻ҲΪ
ϴ˰֣ĵĽ͵ֻһ棬ֻһ򣬲ǾԵģ챣ĺãעʳϢɣ泩һġ
մϴ˵˿
ջȴûջæʵϴҴ󲮵Ĳڵʲô̶ˣ
ϴڵĳ̶ȰɣȲҪżϰԺЩ黹ҪģᳫٴϲȡҽϵķƣƵļʱ̶֢ȵĲҲЧסġ
һֱ̫ϴĻֻǾ䡰ڡȴˣ
깫ճǻҽƶѲ͸ںΰһͷ˰֢ڣ˵β˵ĲȻҽƶߺǸͷûһ¾ûˣ
ŵùǺʱǴķзģ˵֢զզˣûסͼס˰֢ɶڡڵĻ
һϴ˵ֵĲڣһ¾ˣֵõҲβ˵Ĳ
ƲסʣŸ׵Ŀ˻ֺ̿;ǣҪĺӡ
ջҲòʹԼʱŴ󲮵ޣֻҧ֧š
ϴ̾˿С޲ҪҪԲģĲֵԽԽãҲ˵ĸʵǸر٣ǳ۴ҲǳǿɿǿԲҪۣһʵ˵С
ҽҲȰСӣҪޣԼҲǸˣĲ鲢ãҪֻκ˲ܳΪ㸸׵
Ȼ⻰˽ȥ˰ϵˮٵᡣ
ջӣλһллλһҪκҴ󲮺ҶĲ
Ҳæһ˸
մԱ߿ţ̲סúǿͨ۽ǡ
Ӻϴİ칫ҳջصĸ󲮺ͶͬʱסԺ
ΪҽԺֻǰ򵥵֣˶ֵͬһڿƲ
˱Ƚ٣ҽԺкܶಡǿյģմ󲮺Ĳ˼䣬ֻˡ
ҽԺĹůͦů͵ģջӻʿվ죬Ѵ󲮺ͶĲ̺ãǿžһҪõĶůˮƿϴ衢̵ۡС
д󲮺Ͷ˯䲻Ӳ崲Ҫϰߣ׼ˮ
ʵ֮ǰ뵽ܻסԺѾڿռ׼˲ٶھͲһˮͷУǵʱҽԺбԹʮмҰٻ̵꣬Ӧ
ҿغԶһͬ˰ƱͨõģϵƱãƱ϶ǲģҪϰµʱ䣬ڴ󲮡Ҳһ¶ǿġ
ȻʵȱԵģǴ󲮺Ͷ粻֪Сָᣬ϶ɽյ״̬ҪΪǿ϶Բ鲻þ˳ǮƱķӡ
ջɿתţҲֻԼûʱȥˣҪ̫ˣһҲ鲻
󲮣£ղŻʿ˵ˣϴǱѾҩһ͹ΣҪǸǿӪġ
մȴЩԥҪۻǱˣʵųԵҩˡ
ջϴӦ󲮣۵ģͰĵβĶġ
˵ҪմЬӣ£մ󲮲ɣһߵһԵĹЬѵһմ˴ϡ
մ󲮻ЦŶһ£磬еˣ
ջֻǿϵ˭˵أԺҵöŬҪԺҾֻ磬ˡ
죬¶һȿ޻ѿЦݡ
Щͣʱϴشһǣ滹Ļʿ
ϴǽմ󲮵һЩעҪúԴϢҲҪ̫˼븺üز顣
ش֪ͨһ͹ʩ룬Ҳ飬ǿӪ
ǿջһСҪͬʱչţЩʱһٶջʲô¾͵칫ǻߵʿվʿæ
ջлˣȽߺֿ˻󲮵Һȷûɶ⣬磬￴Ŵ󲮴룬ȥ¥ҩȡҩ˳ٵ̵ЩƷ
ͷЩĵͷС鷳ˣö
մæ˵ްǮǸǮٻԼˣ
ջЦ󲮣ǮŽסԺѣЩССĻҵģ
մ̾˿⺢ӣǮȫһˣǷģⱲӲ֪ܻܲˡ
ջһۣæµ󲮣˵ģôϣʱ򻹴ӦңҪɽ¸Ҳɽ죬ȥߵĺ̲ͶɽժӡɽӺŸбɽӣЩһ٣øϿֶŮǸͷβĲè
մϾ¶һĨЦݣû󲮻һֱţ
ջӲеˮҲ̲ס
ĬĬһᣬ¥ݹսŴΧȥ˰ٻ̵ꡣ
γǶ˱װΪռ֣װĶҲ࣬&zwnj;Ҷջ˵൱ǡסߡ
ڰٻ̵¥һˮУһ¥ĸʳƷ̨˵ͺ͹ͷʮ˵һеɱĹƻ
װıȻ뿪ٻ̵꣬ƳԶľ룬˸û˵ĵطѴڿռĶóůˮƿСˮëڱȻֱ´̵ۻҽԺ
ҽԺҩȡ˴󲮺Ͷҩάأҩ
ᳫҽϣҩԴѷлһЩµҽԺҩΪ
ҩһʽմǵĽ󲮵ҩһҪ٣һ١
ͻزջȥҽԺԺҽˣŹ¯Աһӣһŵ̨ɹ˼ҩ̨ҩ𶼿ʹá
ר˿أƾƱڣһ̨һƱһƱǮЧ
ջƱصǸʮ긾Ů˺ʵڣջһƱ̨ʵһƱһ죬Եڽ̵껨һëǮһҩʱüĻһϴŰÿʡһƱ
ջտʼôҩæʾҽȰҩǰˮݰСʱȻʽʼİʱҩĵҽ϶˵
ջһҩǰʱСʱˣܰʱ䶼Ĵ󲮺ͶãԼһֱ棬Ҫ˼롣
ּλԼоˣ͸ɴԷ֧һëǮԷæҩá
ʮָˣظ֤˵һãֻæԼ¡
ջʱѾʮˣŴ󲮺Ͷҩ֮ǰȳԵ㶫ӣȥһʳá
ҽԺʳõļ۸ȹӪҪһ㣬ǳõĴˣлأʳа׷׷ͷҲСȵ㡣
ջ󲮺ͶҪһм⽣ԼԣԼԣ󲮺ͶҲԲãֻøԼҲҪ˸Сݵġ
Ȼص󲮵ĵοˣԼĲϣĿǸƿӣĿãȻ޴롣
ڴ鲻ĿԼĶӣ֪Щʲô
ջһᣬæͷ̧ͷʱЦӯӯӡ
󲮡磬ʳøǴ˼⽣ײڶģͶƲɾˣر㣬ǸϿ
ӴվæӹջķУö̫ǵȰִһ԰ɣ
ջͷ󲮵иӾʹˣԼҴСӽиǺãʱ䣬׼ȥһʿ룬˭֪Ȼվöðȥɡԡ
ջǰŬٱԼ㳤Ķ磬Ȼܣ֪ʱ䲻ˣû˭չ˭һӣֻԼɳ㹻ȥԼҲŵˡ
ðʿվмĵطǵøո󲮴λʿɣͿļﶼˣͽȥǵҪʹ󲮵֡
ˣԳȥˡ
ջͷմſڵķ¶ЦݣҲøˡ
ŰһҲûкô㿴ӣǲһ³˲٣簡Ƿģ̫һû⣬ҪզǾأΪ̫û³̣ǻ
մ̾ϢºˣԼ֪£Ҳͷˣ°һ첻ˣҲܳ
ջ󲮣˵ֻ˺ϴô˵ˣ˵ֻҪۻƣעⱣǿԿסչģ
˵ţǰסմ󲮵һֻ֣ۿȰɥ㲻ΪԼҲΪһССһ룬ǵʱҪô죿ѵĲû
ոչϵ͵ӣ̱ڴĴӣմҲ絶ʣǵһĨ⣬ʶսֶŮ֣ϣֻССܵõ֧ȥġ
ﴫŲմ󲮲Żعɿջ֣Цúӣˣģ󲮻úβģ
ջ԰ʱʿ룬ͷʱǽ˿ӣ֮ǰ˲١
Ȱ룬մ󲮶𷹺оʹڳ⽣Եĺ㣬ֱ˵óԡ
һԵջûʲôʳǿԵôˣȻȻҲͶ˲١
˷ҩһεһ㣬͵ҽʩʱ䡣
شóһ룬һ룬һ߶СӣеܣҪŵ㡣
ЩţԱԹԵͷ
û뵽յͷ͸еһʹ˵ܡ
شϵȴû꣬һʱĶͷѾðһϸ
ԱߵմʱŽǵԼվĽӰش򣬾ͺֶŮһһֱʵʵԼĲϣһŶܵı飬̲סվ
ش۲ķӦͷҲû̧͵ҲǲˣעԼĴҪð
ջ󲮵䣬մֹֻԹ˻ȥ
شֹСӣܲûģԽܣ֮ĻԽ󣡶Ҵ쿪ʼܾһһᣬֱȫ
մ󲮺ջһ֣϶¶οЦݡ





60.  ͺã   һʩ;á

һʩ, ;һֱһʯҶɿ˲١
شӦ⣬ֱ˵Ȭĳɹֶ˰ٷ֮ʮ
մΪӸˣһ綼ֺǺǵġ
ջ󲮸񶼺ãҲŻϲ, ھľ֮, ؽһ˵
ݻϲȴմ󲮵ļٴȵס
մ󲮵ļ̫, ϴϵһ, մ󲮵ĸӲѾչڵĳ̶, ʼָι𻵺͸ˮ֢״, һпܲɸΰصĲ֢, ˵ȫһΣյٽϡ
ϴջ, , ȫǲ̫, ΨһľŬƲ鲻ٶ񻯣ƵЧ, ҲֺתȻûһ, ܱ֤ġ
˺ϴĻ, ջʱͱʾһȫҽԺƣϴ취ô󲮵Ĳת
ϴҽմֻҪŬƴһѣδܻȥĲ
ʱ򲢲ǲǿǼϿһͥܶಡΪ̣涼ֲȥôȶҽҩأ
ÿһһ˿ȴֻȻŵʱʵޱʹ, ȴֶΪ
ջԼƷʱһǿմҪڡΡ仼ԺͲٴͶҪĵҪҩκһͥǲСĸջһҪ˼׼
ջʼɫļᶨ̬ȣϴǾΪοԲջ˵ʾԼһᾡȫҽλߣüġ
Ȼصմ󲮾ֶŮԼĲ飬ҲԱ߽ŵĿ
ջԥһ˲ѡʵʵǿܺúҽƣԺϸıڲӰ
˵Ĳˣ۾ģȻѾ󳬳Ԥڡ
մȴҡͷЦǰԺҪ˼׸粻ˡ
һ¾ͼˣ֣˵ɶأҪΣҲˣ
ջҲȰ󲮣ô룬ֻҪúõģͱʲôǿ˵ҶĶˣҲܳȥɻң
ңҵʱ˵ҲĺȻҲҵһݣҳһ
մ󲮿˿۰ͰͳԼĶӣֿ˿ջᳯЦ󲮲ҪŮãܰˡⱲֶŮǾѾǰĸˣ
˵ֶ꣬ӵˣɵӣȰˣȻӦ˻úβһģİɣ
˿ջմϵЦݣȴûо÷ɡ
Ȼļ죬մ󲮱ϿһƵӣ˽£ջעⲻʱ򣬳һŴⷢҲˡ
ʱ䳤ˣԾΪҶѾЩӦĵҲʼ
ջү״̬ｹ˼ȥԺĵϣɽϼȥŶ
ĵģͷһ󲮵һԻ
ʱջҹ˯ѣȴûڲ￴󲮣ʱһţæȥˣȾͷһյҵˡ
ʱմڵ¿ʲôΪ̫רעջ߽ûз
ջԼֱӹȥž۾Ĵ󲮣ֻȼ˽Ų
մŲȻ߿˹һֶŮ¶˼ı顣
󲮣뿴ʲôۻٿɣ䣬Ķ
մǸεЦ£һǸֶŮ鷳ӣջ˵ɶͰĶø
˯ţߣÿͦģͰó
ջһһɫ޲־Ҳͷ̫ãɫѾЩƣ־һǻһԹ𻨣ǳ˷ĦԵʣ廨Ѿĥë
ջͻȻҲһ֣̲סʵ󲮣Ǵ͸־𣿡
մ󲮵˵ͷٻе㲻˼ǰǳǰͰģһζʮˡ
ջ־ǴԹ𻨣ʱûע⣬ϸ֮£幤ʵǺܲģãֿɡ
մ˵ǱȿԼˣأĻĳȸȫûһģ
ﳤҲÿ۾ˮģ㿴糤þСǰһţ˭˶˵СŮƵĿǻ۴Сʮа˸ÿζӱϴǰ͵͵
ջŴ˶յüΪᵽ˴˳ŴȤǵҲȥ͵𣿡
մ󲮽סֶŮȤ˺죬ɻʵʵش𣺡ǿһءҲȥһأ
ջ棬æΪɶ
մزˣﻹǽְèڲ͵ϴ°ӰѰǶˣܺ䣬ҲݣһǼˣͶȥ͵ˣ
ջֱ֡
մ󲮿ֶŮ֣ԼҲ֣šţЩȻ
ʵ䲻ҪΪǸҸˣҲһͼ޸ҲǽһҲûϺӡ
˵ִ꣬ͷĿ־
ջһֱŴʱҲ¶ҽԺ˵绰ͨǰ糤ȥʱ߹쵼칫ҵ绰
ӵ绰ǣջߵ򵥸˶Է쵼ܰæɽӵ־͸ŶʾϾͻˣһٶջҪʲô£绰
˵绰ջ˵׶
ʱѾ˲쵼Ϊʲô̬˲ֻͬţԴֻдһˣô󲮷ĵĿһ㣬󲮲ʰģҽѲס
󲮵ĲܿסŻûк֮ǣ
Ψһе㵣ĵḷ̌Ǳ߾סˣҲֻаϣʱڴʹϣȰס̣̫ġ
ջŴʱӣȴû뵽ϼҵ˾Ȼ绰ĵڶϾ͵ˣ
ǻԼյߵӣջˮݽţͷ˵ͽŲǲķžͱˣȥţһ˵ʱסˡ
վſڵľһ糾͵־󲮡֦Ӻʹ
裬󲮣զ
Ȼ˵꣬ûһһѽƿֱմ󲮾ͳ˽
մ󲮿ҲһҲ˲Լݽţæˮ˳վӭǰ䣬զˣ
մ⼸ѹ̫ȻջٶٺóԺúȵչţմȻһȦ
￴ſţͻȻͣʹ
䣡
մһ󼱣æȥᣡ
䣬ޣû£㿴ⲻǺúõް
ȴ֣ܿһ̧Լվش
쵰쵰
ǸŮˣ
־գЩɶӣǰԲ㣡㣡
䣡մۡżæҪȥ֣ôͣ
ջ֦ҲæȥȰˡ
֦һקס֣䣡·զ˵ģǸɶ
ջҲ侲һ㣬ʵûô㣡
ﱻһȰסۼȶʱſںȻشôˣ
ԭ&zwnj;شֵ࣬ոѲԶմ󲮵Ĳһ£Żʿ
һشһ״ӣϳԷҽҲ֪ôһɴȻջ֦һӳ嵽شǰͨһ͹˵ϣһ߲ͣԷͷһߴ
򣬰һҪκðˣ
ɶûУҪҲǰ
ֱӰԼްקˣðѪѰѪĸζ˰ɣֻҪܺãҪСˡ
޵˻ߣ֦ջһᡢһȰմ󲮺Ҳۿ
ֵ໤ʿҲ˲۽ǣ߹ȥջһȰˡ
󾭹ַȰ⣬侲
ش㽫մ󲮺ү˶Լ칫ң޵Ĵﵹ˱ˮȻĵĽմ󲮵Ĳ鼰ĿǰƷϸһ顣
־شĻЩô˵Ҫ˵ĻʵܻϺü꣬ϾɶԲԣ
ԱߵĴú׵۾ŵĶشһ˵񶨴𰸵ӡ
ش˵ͷԣһֱȽ״̬ǰǲ˺ͼҪƣ
֦˿ϣģ־ǰֵܣǾҹҲҪﰳֵβ
ش΢Цֻһ棬˵ϻ˼ܹϲ˺ڵľĵȷҽԺڸ飬һҪעòʱֹ̱ۻ̬ȣҪɥʧȥ
־΢һĥ˼ǲðȰŵ㰳ֵܣԺֺǺǣɶҲżϻ𣿡
شͷԣҪֲ֪ĻߣΪԼǸ׸ʧȥȥĺһҪģҪ׷Լ
־󲮺֦ﶼش˼Ǵ֮ǰŵҲȼϣ
һشлٳ֮ʣشԴ˵λŮͬ־ΪһҽΪһ˾ȥѡ˺һˣƽȵģľԼʲôģôȥֲȡ
ţѾɺԵٴ
ջȰȴԱߵ֦סˣЩ⣬֦ȴҡҡͷ
ӣԼһɣҲǸúúԺӸզˣ
ջҲе
Ȼͨʱǳ죬ٻصʱۼŴԭ鸡ĽŲʼԽԽ̤ʵϵҲüᶨ
䵱һƿŵʱջԤУٴ߽ŵĴｫһȫͬ
ʵ֤ջԤлͦ׼ڲﵣǵĴһǻӭ˹һͷĴЩš
ȴ֣£Ա߻֮ǰմݽŵˮӣ˵ˮҪȥˮ
ջæӹˮ裺ǲǻݽţˮɣ
˵ͷСлл
Ǵһοڽ֣ջ¶һĨĵЦݣӦһͷɿŵˮˮʱ˵ˮ
Ѷҹˮϴŵ󲮴ߣ˵˾䣺־գݽšȻҪȥմ󲮵Ь
մæס֣䣬ãԼݣ
ȴϣִҪԸմݽţմֲִԼϱֻùԹԵϱԼĽŷŽˮ
һ߸󲮰Ħŵףһ̧ͷˮȺ𣿡
Ŵ棬մ󲮻е㲻˼ֻʹͷСС˵һ䡰Ⱥ
㳯һЦͷĦ
մһֱŴͷĴЦӡ
˿һĻ˵ĸˣĵջһֱźͺĸĸ͵͵ᣬȻҲһֱһ졣

һۣջ˿Ѿ˵ˣдҲˣջȥֵ໤ʿͨһ£־󲮺֦ڲԸһޡ
û뵽ûأʿ͸˵ش򽻴ˣмҽԺסһ
ջû뵽شϸģһʱҲ̲סпȻһɵҲ˲ٺˡ
ȻصֺͶһˮϻ𳵵˶ɿɿ졣
ůˮƿˣҽԺ¯ĿˮһֱӦʮ㣬һһǮǱȽϷġ
ֹŴǿܻûԷ׼ͷľϵɰȥҩԵġ
ܼҩڽ̵˸ɰƽʱҩĿյ¯Щͷ߼ܸ󲮺ͶЩӪҲʡһЩƱ
ҲҩһЩ⣬ؼҰæɽӻߦϣͷڲĴ̨ϣԵʱʱá
Ϊִ󷽣ÿæʱ򣬶ึԷһЩ꣬ڰҩʱ򲻿Ǯ˵ͷӼҴЩζദĸǢ
ÿ°࣬°ͰѼҩԿҹż¯ȵԵġ
󲮺Ͷɰֻϧֻһֻһȣļûô
򿪴ѷڴ̨϶ŵýһЩ׼һµϳӡ³档
ɰŽ˳㻹ôһˮԸҪæ־󲮷²ë˵һ쳵ˣȣ
ջůˮ־󲮸һ¥ջæ־󲮴ϼҵ
־󲮱Ѿͷ˵£ûɶ£㲻õǣ
ѵ绰򵽹Ǿ˸ŶҲֻ˵ȻβˣǺڷֵ磬Ҳͦꡣ
֦ȥ̣ЩЩ꾭¶ˣؼʱǺģû˵ȥϽʰҪڼչ磡
ջһûпޣһ뵽̵Ըƽʱ֣ҪǸ¶˼Ҵҧһ˿ƱҲǰ
־ջĵģֵӣģǳǰ̶̺ȥˣ˵Ҫ󲮼ס죬һչ硣
˵䣬˵˼ҩ־󲮰ջ˻𣬰ɰϣȿͰ
־󲮴ްڲ½ͳһǮƱ֤͵ݸջ
ѾͷܴиǮͷй糤ǩָǰԤ֧¹ʣϵĶҲ㻻ƱƱ
⣬үүϴһһٰʮǮӣţԺҪǻ뷨Ӵգ
ջ־󲮵ݹǺһǮƱһС¯ڵģҡͷܾ־󲮣糤Ԥ֧ĹţǴǮһȥҰɣܵǮףǮҲã
־Ҫ˵ʲôڶԷǰңѾʹˣڵסԺֻһ֣Ҫһֱҩ϶飬Ǯһ£ǮȲãҪǵԺĳŲȥˣٿڸʹ裡
־󲮼ջ˵ʲôҲҪҲֻεǲǮ漴У˵Ǯ㲻ãǰҵǷݣɲˣ
û뵽ջֱҡͷ־󲮣ΪҵǮҲŲżǮҷţԺʱȡ˵Ƕã
־󲮱˵ûƢֻܿЦ⺢ӣûУ֪ɶסˣ
˵־ͻȻһԴˣ
ִ¶ͳһŽջľ߶һǮĹŮҽģ
ջ΢ȣӹţܿͲ𿪿
һҳֽıʼЩִ٣һǸʱдµġ
˵Ѿ֪ջ󲮵Ĳ飬ΪջģͬʱչӦȰҲҪԼ塣
ﻹصļ̺˵ٶȥտ̰æҲʹһ˳
һĻʮǮһЩɢƱݡ
ջŵʱǱ־Ҳסڵĳ޵дĹŮû˵
糤ȥŵľģø⺢ʶһ˵󲮵£ܵԤ֧һµĹʣԼ˽˵㣬ЩǮҸӹ




61.  ģ   ־󲮵Ļջܡ

־󲮵Ļ, ջܸж̲סѴдŽؿڡ

˶Ǹ߸ϣġŴıӵ˷롣

ֶоˣ붼ĻԵ

Ѿں˺, ܽʲôѹ, һȥ

ĵ, Լ˵ĺͺ, մ󲮴˾޴Ķ, հԳ, ÿһ춼ֺǺǵ, ԼߵĴɵЦ

ﻹǻ̫, մߵĶʲô, һԱߡ

̲סСջԹ, ˵һĶ˩ϣǰ۵СӶղǰˣ

˵, ÿÿҪȥˮҪȥ, ŬԼһЩʱദ, һЩʱⶼֲ

ܰķΧ£ҶٶԽԽ죬ʮʱѾվڲκһλ˵

մ󲮵ĲҲȶϴ˵չһʱƣͻֺת˹մһҪٽֻҪܼȥҲԤĸ

˶ʮָ, ֮ǰһֱŷ֦ҲָյĻӣŴŷĴȤմ󲮣ġ

󲮵Ĳȶ־󲮺֦ͻȥˡ
ʵһֻϼǱϵϡСС˵ȥ̱ŶҪȻʱ䳤ˣϲ˵ٱɶ

⻹и£־˭Ҳû˵Ǹյصĵڶ죬ջװߵľԱСˡ

ҽԺͷ˽˸ͷС͸־󲮣˵׳˴մ󲮿ĺϴԭ׶ǳҽմֲǺóġ

־󲮻ȥȰմһҰģһҪϺϴΣһ˵׳֪ǼΪƷ÷ٿǮһȫƱ

ͷȫƱǺöΪܹȫͨ滹ʳͣýڻң뻻ʲôƱ⻻

ôǮȫƱɼ˼ġ

־ȴѣλСͬ־ʵʵѾͷǼҵǮãɶڰôһǮƱȥأ

Сô˵ҲЩԥͷ˼ɶȰ֮ͬ־Ǯ¡

˾ôվŴ˰磬Ҳû⣬һСģ׼ȥٻ̵ջ˸ţ

һ󾪻ţ־󲮾͸æСȶԼѸջ˵û

˵ʱջӦȥˣ־󲮵ʱŵı黹ջע⣬֮һֱǲʲô¡

־ʵͽһӣûƭˣջôһע⣬еצˡ

û⣬û˸֧УԽסԼһþ͸ջʵˡ

ô˵ĶѾûɶ⣬մ󲮵ĲҲʼȶͼȻȥ

ôԵĲԾ֦Ҳˣ˻𳵺֦ûúﻹ
˵զ£˵ԼȻȥٶ죬ɶǵüŸȥҲ֪զˣ˻Ƶġ

־󲮻ͷϳǰڻվСͷʱԷԹӡء

ɶаⲻҲû
Ѿͷ˫۾ôzͷƵһգ롰̹״ӿ

ϱԾˣҪٲߣɶʱ¶أ

Ǳ֦Ҳ˵Խɵզģզ֨ˣòɶ°ɣ

־Ӧ˱ˣǶԼϱǻǺа취ģһһüʹ˵ܡװ󷨣
ѽҲ֪զ£찳Ŀǲþ

һ֦һ¾żˣ˲ʣæȥһؿڣ
զĿأ֮ǰҽԺҲûɶѽϴ˵ӹͦõ𣿡

ΪмŴģ־Ҳ˸飬ϴԸ־ܺãúϴĻ˵ǻʮ궼⡣

־һе㲻ڣֻõдĴ˯ϰߣ⼸û˯ðɣ

֦Ҳܣ˵û£ȥۼǸȿͺˣ

̲ס㰡Ǹûģ۶дǶ˳˲סģ㵹ã¡µģɽľͷҲûô£

־ֱЦﻹĥԸɽľͷҲԸ´㡰¹ûӵĸɲˣ

־󲮺֦ջճÿҽԺͰٻ̵ر

󲮺ͶǿӪĴװҪи˵ǴӰٻ̵һ¥ĸʳ̨ʮվģʵĽڡ

ÿջǼװĶһȦһͳֻ죬ʼģˣǳʲôʲô˵ʽҲûҴۿۡ

Ϊһֱڸ

ƽʱڲ֮⣬ڼҩҩǵ̵ܸоôڰ

Ϊҳˣ˺ü˵ĵطȻͷ߹˶ĵطͻȻҸط׷ϧûʲôЧ

˵ûܰҳջԼֱΪ˰ȫûʹÿռ䣡

糤Ԥ֧µĹҲƱ֤ҪȻһӻе׽ˡ

˵죬һֱϢĿźȻʧ

ջû˾ͷɾ裬֪ʲôˣ淴ʡһ£ҲЩΪ˸󲮺ͶǿӪĵڵ̫࣬˵ʲô˵ע⣡

¹ջԽԼĴ໹ǴҽԺʳ

մһҵǶԴּɣ֮ǰջÿ춼ҪһóԵģ⡢ŹǡΡŻ

ԶԲֶŮⷬ⡢Ҳ̣ʳɳԵĻֶŮһ˵ڶܸ

ôԷðֶŮԿˣǸǮֲգΪ£˽ûٷ¾ͳԵʳü򵥵ķˣһ˷ˣ

תۼ䣬µʱһζ磬شһθ飬֮ǰʮҩƣҶѾָ˰ٷ֮ʮ

ʣµľ͵ȻؼӦþָܻ˵ˮƽ

شʽԳԺմ󲮺ʹ̲סϲ

Ȼ֪ǵĴӴǾ䡰ǵĶˡʱĻǼѣ

һ죬ˣ

лشջͶһ˳Ժ֮뾡ؼҿ̺ʹ硣

ʵ˵ô˵ջͦȵģΪһŴ󲮳Ժġ

ҡҡͷöа㹻ˣҲﲻɶæ˵Է˯Ǯ̫˷ˣ
ȥæչ˴磬һӦ˵־ǣǰֵЩû鷳˼ңڰˣðˣ

մⷬرˣû뵽⺢ӲˣҲѧųˣõˣΪ˸ĸε¡

ûԶĻ賿㣬ԼҪ£Ʊһ˵ڶȥĻ𳵡

ջʹȫ˼ڴϣմھ˱ͷϱٶ꣬ŲһСԷǳŬϴơ

һЭЧǾ޴ģմ󲮵Ĳȶܿ쿪ʼתԺĵʮ죬ϴ˵һֱ״̬մһҲܳԺؼ

˵ֱᣬջҲۿ

֮ǰӲ֪һ˵һ仰ܴô˻

ϣΪף󲮵Ĳתջҩһ˿ˣɰһϲԵŹǣֵʳô˼ͷڲĳһ١

˷ʰ;ߣջóԵеţ¥һˮ󲮺ʹˮϡ

һƿһ¥Ĵţһɺѩ

벻һٷĹȻѩ

ʱѾߵˣɫڳ¥ſխխһյССĵơ
ƵĵƹԺ·Ʒʹཻ֯İѩϣһƬɫӭŴĵѩ˶Ȼλðĸо

ջʶͷ˽ŲһŽ˶ʮ𽥷ɣʼһ̵⡣

˫Ųѩϵġ֨ѩƤͷϣ˿˿⣬ԼҲ̲ס˴ǡ

ʦ

һеϤͻȻڶջ㶣æתŷһ߸ݵ˽Լס

ֱԷסڱǵĺɫΧջϳ˾Ȼɣ

ֻԷͷϡһ˪ףԺƹЩʷԸղŲʱջȫûϳԷ

޴磬ôҲˣǼʲô𣿡

ŶԷݣеվλãöԷӭŹ⡢Լܺúÿ

һ㣬ɫҲӱĺ˺ܶ࣬˵ĶԣûΪչ˲˶ԼŪƣ

ȷ˶ԷĻã˿ŵûûУҼﶼãûʲô¡ŶҲͦõģ㲻õģ

ջͷԼң̲סʵ޴磬㿴ôòã

ɵ˵ͷģܺã֮ǰȥǣǶܺã̻Ҹ㰲չ壬õǡ

ջ˵̺ܺãҲʮָˣԷȥ￴̺磬ŷӦ
޴磬ô˵Ҵ󲮵ģ

һ£Һλñ⣬ͷְԷһ
ʵҲ˵Ҫģֻүү˲ҪմչˣԾԼˣ

ջһүүˣæʵǴүүʲôϲأ

ҡͷֻǰҹͻȻͷ۵͵ҽԺ˵˼ұϻֲС˺ԲŲˣ룬ܻؼˡ

ջ˿̾үү϶ΪҴ󲮵żϻˡ
룬ʶԷˣ޴磬үүСﻹ𣿡

ɵͷ˵ҲãֻŶԷ˫״ķʱ̲סС˵˾䣺
ҡСͦģ㲻ڣҪչ;ûˣȥ˼ҲǣͿޱˡ

ʵϣֻǿޱӣСͷϳԷˣÿ춼ռҴſڣҪ㣬ү˺ôľŰȰ

ջЩۣ̲סǸεҲãӦСһֱ뿪ȴûһҵˡ

ɼ¶ı飬æǵģСֻ㣬ûֻҪȥܾ㣬ͻܿˣ
ȻҲܿġ
һ䣬ֻĬĬ˵

˵ؼңջ뵽󲮵ĲѾת㽫ҽĻɡ
˳ĻӦһܺܳԺˣ޴磬ȥ鷳ҰϢ̺͸ǣֻҪٵһܣǾͻȥˣ

˵Ĳˣæͷģһȥ̸ǣ

˵꣬ժƶִ¶ͳһСݸջˣҲˣʦţ

޴磬ʲô
ջůˮƿڵϣӹСһ澹ȻһǮȻÿһŶƽƽ۰ڲôҲмʮ飡

ջæЩǮ°ãҪԷ
޴磬ǧǣѾܸмˣǮҲҪϿûȥ

Ȼϣ
ʦǮţ֮ǰСȥҸô鷳ˣȻҲþһģ

ջҡͷ޴磬ǮĲãҸղҲ˵ˣҴ󲮾ͿԺˣϵǮʱãǮ㻹ջȥɣ

ջգһҪð죬ջҪǮӲضԷʱͻȻϵĴвԣæͷϸŷֶԷֻϾȻһİɴʱһ

޴磬ôˣ

ɱԷס֣һʱ̵æֳͷû£֮ǰСˤһӣ

ջȴţѩôˤֶֻܰˤҪ⸱ӣ

ͻȻЩǮ֮ǰ޼Ҳԣʱһѿڵ

޴˳ǲǸЩǮйأ

Խ롢Խܣ̲ס׷ʵΪ˰ǴǮԲŰԼ˳ĶԲԣ޴磬㵽ʲôɽ˵𣿡

ɺһϣû뵽һ¾Ͳµˣ֪סֻõϣ
ҴԵ/沈Сը//ţԲŰˡصģֻһƤˣͺˣ

ֻ/Ϊɽ̫ڣƵ/ǹ/ܳܲסƵĿԲŻ/ը/ţһû˵

˵ջ벻ȻЩǡ/ը/˵ģǻģ

ŶԷΪǼҾȻΣգջҧס´имижҲвһ˿֪ôݵĹζ

ิӵĸоӿͷһʱ֪Ҫ˵ʲô

˵ҲоɥԼʵ⣬Է˵˵һݸ¸Ӳ&zwnj;Ǯˡ

ͬʱҲЩţһ̲סһ˿صΣŶԷܲ⡭

˾ôվţ˭Ҳû˵ƮƮѩԽԽ󣬺ܿ˵ͷͷ֯һ׵

ջòţ룬´ĲóķǮʣİɵ
޴磬Һܸмһҵ⣡ǮģԸ£ֻҲô࣡

ķǮ̯Է
޴磬³ģҾķǮԼûȥǮֱõģǽģԺҲỹ㣬òã

һ˫۾һ˸ˮĸε˶˵ʲô

ֻܹԹƾԷʣµǮ·ŻԼС

Ȼĵһ˿صڴգ־ţΪһ̣֮ǰɽҰƴɱ/ը/˫ֵֶõġ

Ƕ𣿡
ʱòջȥĴ˳žͿԼվѩ˵ɵӣæ

ջæң޴ˣ

ﻹһ£һǴ־ҹϵͦõ޼ҺӣȻЩ죬Ȼʮָм
ӣˣ

䲻Լ˵Ҳһ㶣ΪմϵãԶմ󲮼ҵҲ֪١

Щ꣬λռҵÿμԼǵͷҲû˵ҲǶԴ˶ˡ

û뵽Ȼ˵ɷӦܿ죬ͳԷòлл

ЦЦͷֶջЩֵ㿴⺢զȥ˵ϵѩ
˵䣬ϸĵĽջϵѩһһȥͷְҲ˵

˽ݣմһˣ˵Ĳˡ

æк˵ˮִɳûԷ

һԷ£ջһţ˼ǮˣæɰҪȥԡ

ɱ˵ԼԹˣһ˵ջԵģǾ仰˻ȥ

ջ򿪴ɲԣѶӶ˽׼¥ҲҪȥ

ɼˣ﷢˲ϸմ󲮶˵æŰԼϵһжʱŷ󱳻һ

⡰ľɣһͷźǡ龫󼦵͸ӪƷúͷãôһ֪Ϊһأ

˶Ҫջ֣ôմ󲮡

ƺ˵ʲôջûȥ

¥ɰջ¯ɰﵹˮ¯ϣˮ½Ӻ

ջ˵ҲûʲôˣֻǰԼһ⽴һúҨһ׷ϣвС

Ȼһͷ˵ã
˿̵վڿſλãͲΪԷ̫Ľţ˳Ҳ嵲סŷ硣

ϵĹܿͿˣˮƬˮת˲ƮӣɵһƬһ¾͵ס

ü̲סǰһ¿ɶİԽԽ࣬ûһͰ˳סء

վסˣʶֱֱƬɫˮУͻȻһְֻСһѽסϤ
޴磬ǰˣ̨Сİţ

ֺֻܿ˻ȥһ˲ɾԼģҲˮ뵡ѩ׷ɵҹһԷˡ
ҴҲزԼϡ





62.  Ժ   ɳһٽ֮˵ǡ

ɳһٽ֮, ˵ǲļ͸ŵڶ賿Ļ𳵻ȥˡ

մЩӪƷȥûͬ⣬ֱ˵ȵմ󲮳Ժؼ, ȥ

Ͼŵ, ջʹ¥ȥ, һһ¥, ɾͲǳˡ

ӡʦ, ǿȥ, ̫, ѩ, ȫ

ջʹֻ͵ſڡ

˱, ɻ̲סǱ߿, 촽˶մ, û˵ڣת뿪ˡ

ջʹһֱɵıӰʧѩҹ, ʱȻпһ䣺
⺢治, Ǹˣ

ջʶͷǰΪһǮ˳ոȴ˵ԼСˤ˵ģ

ջǰɳԷʱ򣬾ͰѶԷǮԼֻǮ¸˴

ջĶԣ˼ΪǮôգǲ˵þáֶŮҲ˼Զ⡣

ûմ˵, ֪﷢͵͵ϻɶġ

ջĻȴ̲ס
󲮾Ǹʵ۶ģ˼˵ɶɶǰûΪ˼ҺŪôҲû㳤

ţ͸ջһʱ¡

ǰʮ쵽ӱϴѣǰӾܺӶ԰Ĳ͵һǷƵģСʯӶó

ѽ˭ĳ͸˭찳Ÿϴ°ӾͰǻ˶ˣ

˼Ҷˣʣ󲮲ܣأΪɶܣǰզ˵ģ

ջҲ棺ô˵ģ

Ųӣѧմ󲮺ɶܣǶ˵ˣҪĻס

ջ͡һЦ˳ȷǴܸɳ¡

ѰЦˣ
զģ׵Ȱᰡ󲮾ͿԿһ䣺Ѱ˼ҪˣͲˣ

˵ɶϵ
󲮿ʼ˵ðƼˣŸ߰˵Ҫǰˣǵڶ찳ͻϴѣͻٿŰ

ջЩס漴ЦǻҴ󲮾Ǹˣ

ЦյССĵݷİɫ£˵ĺÿ

ģ̫ʵ˵Ҳˣ԰ĺãӰ޸𣬼ʲôóԵġôһÿֻҪڼҾŰﰳɻ

ҪǰָͷһƤðڴЪһ죡

ⱲӹúͿЩֻһ£Ǿǵ޸󲮡ֻ󲮶԰ôãȴǲ֪㣬ôꡭ

˵￴ջ֣
ӣһֱǣô֣ʵڼǼ԰ɩӾͦأϰǮˣʶػض䰳ķݶ

ˣǰɩӵûԲ֡

ջȦˣæҲ˳սԷ֣˵ˣЩȥˣ

ȴҡͷ˵ǰµĴ£ͱϣ
ӣҲ˵ͰСڼܿ࣬Ϊðܵòɶ¶ͷҲôһǿӡ

ɥĵĵŴһˣߵʱҲûͰﵽ֪ǽǸĵ˸ˣһܸǻϼҡ

¶԰ͦ󣬰ǰʹ˸룬ŰⱲһúúùñ˭ǿȻŰλϼңðʹǶúÿ
ûǣҲܹͦãǺڣڵö°ǣ

ץסջ֣ƺϣӶԷϼȡһЩԿΪ¶˺۶

ûɶĻɽǻСǲס£һʼ֪ɺӸֳҪйϢЩ·ȥ˵֪ԭ밳ϼʵֻһӣ

԰ʱͷһְҲŪֳʽˣܰѰҲΪȥϼҰǸúÿҪĹŮҲ˳ˣ

˵˵ţֹס
ðΪ˸ôһĹεĵȥһ͸ʹڣȻԹˣʱһûףʵӶǸԼãǿɶã
ѵʹ˾֪ˣѾ͸˵ܻ
ɶҲܣֻܰ϶԰õ˶ˣ

ջͳ־ᣬȴϣֻԼҲһѡ

ʱţǼ⣬ʵүү͹Ȱ˵ֳǱ߶մȻдƼһ棬Ҫ顣

ֻǰǻԹүүŴ峤ԼֶӲȥһģﲻޣûȥ

룬Ⱳɶ¶ԼĶԣ֪˶˵ģ󲮡̡֣־һңʵЩ꣬ڴŰɰǲ֪㣡

Բң㻹һֱ԰ôãʵݸأһһô࿲ɩĶɶæûšҲڵҪɶأ

ԽԽ࣬ջҲЩܣʲôҲû˵ֻᱧסԼ̫ŸԷ԰ο֧š

ˣΪ˺ͱѹԲŻԼ¼ļͥиߵڴ⡣

˵ǼôԸգ˵±ΪûеõԤм˵ֺ֧ͰŻôĺʧţǼ⡣ 

ˣҲˣϵİְҲ⡣

ְЩһֱù˴󲮺ʹְһҲͻˡ

ӵһȷֿʱѾᣬһЦ˴˼һǡ

ջƯ۰ԺǴ׹Ů㣬ҲҪһõˣ˭۸㣡

ջû뵽˵Ϻ˺죬ε۲˵⻹أ

˭֪꾹Ȼһĵͷ
Ҳǣʮ̫С˶ҲãǾڼ˵ûϡأƾɶ˱ˣ

Ǿ䡰ӲáջˣҪŴϽزҪ˵һˮˣ

ֶ߬ŮС֣ﻹţҲܲ۾úٹ۲۲죬˽ֵĲԺҪһ׵ҲӦ

ʱڻվԼֻ¶ɵЦɺȻ磬һ̫죬Լֱ¡

һܺ
ϴڸմ΢ЦŶմӺջϲǣͿԳԺˡ

һ˶ϲѣջ˵ϴϹл

ϴȴסǣ
áãҪǼչ˵ĺãȻҲԼйأ
Ⱑһٴζǣ˻ȥһҪϤĵܺȾơۣҪãԺҩͣҪٳһʱ䣡ÿ¾һΣĻҲ֤һһˡ

ջæǶסˣϴģһÿ¾ʹҴһΣ

лϴһȥشлشϸģմ󲮵ĲףǺĲ룬ջʹҲرмش

Ȱ˳ԺջϵվųƱ

공Ʊһڲʮ࣬дʱ䣬дҪ˸䣬ô󲮺ʹϳǰиĵطϢ

ҲͦůͣԴأ󲮺ʹһֱҽԺҲûôջȥתת

һ𣬰ѾͽҪֵһȦ

ջڽֽǵСѧαһġ໭ο׼ȥ͸硣

飬ջͰѴ󲮺ʹͻдԼ׼ٻ̵һ¥ȥƻϸϻ𳵵ʱԡ

óӪܵܵʳƻάֱȽϽʣԶ򲻵ƻҲ򼸸ȥ̺ʹԡ

Ҳûģִһ£ʹ󲮡˵Ļϴѡ;ߡϴƷӴ󲮵ҩ߰˰һѣ

û취ֵٻ̵˸Űжװ¡

Ϊ»𳵷㣬ûʲôҪĶͲˡ

˶׼ȥʱ򣬺ȻŶӵĸŮ

˵ľǰûˣ
ѽ°Ҷ֪ľҲûɣ
Ǽһ¾͹ȥˣʮͷǼд̨ȥأĿɺˣһҶ飬ٰæ¹벻˾ûˣ

ջһ˼תͷŮλ㣬ǴһǸľ

ջһŮõľĵַͣĸ˹ȥ

ľҾٻ̵ʮӵ·̡

ջһ·ȥܿٽһСͬҵϻϵһײԼңǰ˴š

ŵǸŮˣʮ겻ɫƣһüչӡ

ջ֮ǰŮĹľҵǰӦþľĶŮò

λ㣬ãľŮɣ

Ů˵ͷЩɵĴ˭

ջȼ˸ҽܣȻֱӰ㣬˼˵ĸǰǸշǳõľʣ㸸ľԸԸתøң

ŮһԷľߵģЩˣ߰ɣ˵վҪţ

ջæø첲סԷ㣬֪㸸׸ߣҾҪĶ϶ܣķǳҪ׹ߣ

ϼԶصģиСϲľգӦ˵Ǳ綼ѹȥģͷʮǰʮиʮ˼ҾͲˣ

Ƕ̫ƫҸҸľʦҲ˵Щˣ㣬кã㸸׹תøңҪʳҪǮǶ

Ҳ֪ľ仰ľŮ¶ԥ飬ǵȽɣ

ջһţ͸æ˽ȥ

Ƚݣֻ̨һڴŰ࣬ϡǰʮصѿӣ붪￾ԡ

ջľŮһľļӹﵱľͷĹˣɵȴߣĸӶľƽʱľġ

ľһߣŮŮϵĵӾˡ

˵ջһˣҪȻʱ治˼š

ľŮŴӺһڲջǰĶһһóڵϡ

ðŵĶˡ۩ӻģľҲǴӰүϴġԼɣ

ջЩߣҲǺֻܶͷǸʽӺ͵̵ʮѣӡ⡢ҲÿüͬЩ߶ʮ־ģȻľƽǼϧǵġ

ջͦ⣬ʶԷҪʲôǮ

ľŮȻͷҪʮʳҪʮǮ

۸ͣǶջ˵ҲߣǵԷȥ׵飬Ҳûֻۣ˵ҪȥȡʳǮһͻ

ջſӣ˰СʱȻֻصԼҡ

ջûнݣֱöԷ׹õԺȻŴӱקʮ׽Է
㣬֪ʱø׵ܣݸ׼ʮףǶһ㲹

ⲻջҪãǴַʽ߶Էóʮ׵ˣԷòҪղŲڣʹʲô⡣

һ˵ʮףԷҲסˣһ˵˾䡰лл

ջҲû˵ʲô¶ó׼õĶʮǮ˹ȥȻͰǸڲڴ˱еûȥ

һ·̵껹һ

ջѿӱãԷл׼ȥľŮȴͻȻס
ȵȣ

ջͷͼԷܻӣһȥһƵֳݸ

ǰǻԼĲӣ涼ԼоľպõĻƣкûϡûȥ翴ɡ

ջæӹֳ˷涼Ǹʽľвͼ֡ͼͼĲïǳϸ¡

ջٴԷ֣صлλԴȴǵͷһֳֻ˰ڣûп˵

ջߵſڣŶԷһ룬ָԷŵԴ㣬ģ㱣֤Ҹһúñʦ͹ߵģ

Լһ̵ֵһ±ջŻصд

մ󲮺ʹȥôòùǺ˵ȥңͼջǱĴӻ

һͷľߣ֪ջ˼ģǸжġ

ȵ⺢ӣһ䣬ðʧʧ˼ңһϻ˿զ죡»ؿɲˣ

մҲ˵˵Ķ԰һСгĶΪô˼⡢ǲֻ˲Ǯ

ջ˵˾û٣Ȼ˷
󲮡˵ȻҶϲЩǾһҪ֧ѧ˵ģһܰľѧˣԺ˼ҴҾɶģɱɽľˣʡ

Ǳ۹٣糤˵۹ҲҪ͵ľĳʱ򻹵ٹˣټֳģʱ²Ҫˡ

ôˣִˣ϶Ҫɼ仧ҶҪѧľûɻ𣿡
˵ţְԴǱʦľֳøӿ

մ󲮺ʹȻôʶ֣ͼǻῴãһԼҶӴСһУöණûָҲģգ˵оɶ

ˣֶջмְҲ᲻

賿㣬𳵲ʻصվ̨

ϣһڳĳǰһ˫ķŵѲ̨׼ϳĳ˿͡

СôûȷĻ𳵻ȥ𣿡





63.     ԱߵСΧſ

ԱߵСΧ, ſڴϣֱ̽ͷȥҲڽѰţæͷ
׳, ģ֮ͬ־ĵ绰, ֪ͨմӳǽ賿Ļ𳵷, 绰Խӵģ

ֺԶֻü, Ȼм, ȴοԼľԱ
ûϵ, ̨ϵĵ̫, ϸҡ

˵, Сϲ׳, ҿˣǱǸſӵĺǡѽ, ϵλú̳ᣡ

ֺԶȻ, 󲮸ոճԺô, Ṇ̀С, ȥĽڳᣬ뷨ڸҲƱ

СӦһ͸æȥˡ

ֺԶЩСߣ̲סŲǱ߿ֻҪһ뵽Ůλô߸ͷ͸˵ĲС

ջʹ󲮡˱ſŰ˻𳵣Ȼֻ߸СʱջǸ󲮺ʹƱϳϢ

𳵻, չŴº󣬱ջ˵ỰûþеˣջæҲ˯һ

ﰲģһڳһңټ϶ǻ谵ĵƹ⣬ʵͦڴߵģһҲ

̶λϸһŴ󲮺ʹҹܻںȣ´ɸ׼ȥˮ

ÿ̳ᶼһŵλ˸ŵůˮó˿ʱȡãӲʱ򷽱ܶࡣ

ջˮҪˮ˭֪ʱ𳵺Ȼ۵һ£һˮ㽽ϣ

Сģ
ֻһЩϵͳųȻųſֹأһߴӰȻ˽һѾջů´ɸס

쿴ûˣ

ջͻȻ嵽ԼߵˣеûӦԷеѯʣʶԼֻ֣Ǳ㣬æҡҡͷ
û¡лл

ջҲ֪вԲԣΪԷ˶׷ñҲһİɫ֣ʵʵ

ټϵƹֻܰƾŻ㱿ġԷüͷһġ֣жܲˡ

һֺԶУȴмѡ

Ůһθ˵ôӱӲ鵽ϢԸҲʱôǿô;۰

ĺ뱧ӣң

ûоһ׵Σճͱ͵ߣôĿ࣬ҪΪݣҲ۶ܺõ

״Ůκεıӻֻһδγѣ

뵽ЩֺԶֻһĨȻֻסиӵҡͷлû¾ͺá

ջ˵Ͱףּĸߴһ£ԷһλˣﵹǶ˼ֺøС

ллղŰæɣ
˵ҪӹԷů´ɸס

ֺԶ᲻æ
ɣ̫ˣֲȣǧš
˵ţջ´ɸµˮ

ллջӹԼĸӣֿʵ̫ʵˣ̲סҲڳ𣿡

Ů˫һģһķۺĿֺԶֹסְ޲ܰһ͸Է
Ǹڳģʱ䳤ˣߣ

ŮŹ֣ʶֲһ䣺Ŷеð˳˸֡

ջͷȻλ˲ͦеģ˱ϾİˣټϿԷһ㣡
Ҳ֪˵ɶ͸Էòĵ𣬶´ɸӻȥˡ

ֺԶǲᡢѹҲ֪Լ⸱ֵͦģҪӲŮ£˵׼ҪŮĻˣֻ˳ŶԷĻҲ˵ټ
Ȼ۰Ͱ͵Ŀصռһĵط

һҹջ֪˸һصĳһֱңңע
һֱ𳵵˺ļյ㣬ʹ󲮡ϲ³ؼңǵĿȴʼղ뿪Ƭ̡

ϵ˺ܿߵһɶֻгԱһɨᣬΧһƬ

СŻڶעŴ׳ЩĲ̵׳Ҫȥһɣ

ֺԶҡҡͷ
ˣȥֻǸ鷳ˡ˵ǺӺҳ̫ˣ£һǱ¶ĺá

ȥŷƱɣǽͻȥ

Сֻѹ׳ίֲ׳ŪŮҪҲùΪʲôҪ׳Ϊأ

֮ͬ־ͨôҪ֪ϴ͵͵֮ͬ־ôܰ׳͵ǮƱ֮ͬ־˳㿴ԷصĻճȥҲû㱨׳

뵽֮ͬ־ľԸߵˣֱרҵѵԱ©ݶȥ׳һ˵׳һĽأ

;ţƾ֮ͬ־Ĵ벻ô򵥵ĵĴ˵ʲôҲԹ׳ϣ

ôţ̲ס⻰˵Ȱ׳

ֺԶ꣬ȴ̾˿С㲻ףԹޣµǲں

СЩֺԶȴûٽֻͣǶЦˣСûµģκ˵˻ҲϣѾ֪ˣϿȥƱɣȥвҪ

СֻȥƱֻ·̲ס׳Ļ

ΪʲôںԹ޸أ

ջʹ󲮡ճ˻վվأٴʱǹ೤

ѽɰʦˣϳҴһ̣

ںšźľɫӣջٴĴ⣬Ҳ೤ǰضǹˣ

೤һ֮ǰزʶΪӵĹǸɣǳ˶Ӧæòɿȴΰһˣ˹糤ǣ˭أ

֪Ϊʲôλɲ̬˲ͬѰȻԼʮߴС鶼һһһ飬ҲҲһ˵ͨɡ

ǡ

뵽ǸԸȥԭջ̲ס˴ǡ

ǸйصĻҲ˸мǣ

ռҵŮ̡дһңĺܺãⱲҲֻ밲Щˣ

Ҫʲô
Щ´ǴСʱռ˸֮Ũİ

ѾˣҲֻһһĻرռҡ

ǡȻòӳλɲٰչˣҲЩҵλģļͥӦҲҪæʲô

ȷ˴˶õ񣬾ɣ˭ҲҪ˭͵˴ûԵ֡

೤ĳľʱ־󲮸ˡ

˱೤л󣬸־󲮵˴塣

־󲮰ֱմ󲮼ң̡̡֦մһȺԶڴſڣǰմ󲮣̵͵ᡣ

մȦҲˣ裬ǰûãģ

Ĩ˰ᣬӵЦ˵ͺáͺã
ֿ˿ջʹɫҲһҹŵ£һʱǰŮ§˻վǶҲ֣

̾ʹȤ˰֪Ů֪ĻΪŮ㰤أǶһ·ˣϽ˻ЪЪ

ʱͻȻЦŽӹû£־ЩȫæΪչ˰һˣ϶ɣ

һ£Ȼ֮ǰҲ֦˵մ󲮷Ѿͺˣɴ˭Ҳû뵽ﻹܵŴ溰һǶûеˣ

סΣȷӦ˵ɶûſ죬һѾȵ

̾ŽǻⶺȤѽզŷӦԭһģУҲҸ֣֦ϽأϽţȻݰȿͷռϣ

֦ӦһЦ
ռȿͷðҲŽ⣡

͸Ц֦ɩӣȿͷɶҿҲռͷλԱˣߣ

һֶ֣ϱ೨ɣǽԣȡһ٣ؼʡһķ

ԶЦ

ȹ껹ֿĵЦУ߰ŵ۰ŮұŵڱǰӵĶϱ̫̫ỨϵЦôʵ

˻صϵŸĸݡ

һû˵㣬Խ忡
մ󲮺ʹһݣ˫۾һֱעš

ڷԼĸĸײɫһָʱżغο֮ɫ̲סջ֣˵лллЩӵıæµ

Ҳһϸմ󲮵Ĳ飬˵մԺܸػĬһ˲ȵû£ɽͲ&zwnj;ɽɣͷץᡢɶģҲܻǮ

ʱվðɽɣǰ䲻ãҲ۱ˣ԰ɽڰˣҲܳˣ

־󲮵ͷӸŰȥɣĹһʼɵ֦ӡĻǵ㣡Сӣò˶೤ʱӦˣ

Ҳ˵ԣ־վͺúɶ¶żɽǰ·ⲻаһһ֣Ӿ͹ˣ

˵һһҾҪȥ̺ʹŲߣ֮ǰ˵Ҫ³Է˿Ŷӻȥ

ûӦ㣬ҿɶøϽȥҪȻͷڼɲͣҪǲպãϼ磬ˣڼһզżأ
ȥ߶߶ŷģ

ռҳ֦һ߷Ẉ̂һЦ裬Ű˰ɣֵϱˣ

̾͵ͷҲЦˣӸˣǼӿ㵽ͷˣ

֦ȴЩ־ֵҲǳˣӵĸ̫ˣ

ȴⲻɶӵһˣֻҪڣڣҾšһʱɶȥЩѴƽʱһҲˣҪģɢﶼﲻϣ

Ѵһߺ󣬴ߦһ棬ʢһͶ˸̡
裬ɣ

Ӧһӹ룬ŷ·ֻصչĶϱſӣŸˣҲû¿ӡ

ջʹ࿴̲סЦ

ﻮ̵ֱͷ̧ͷһöǸ´ЦΪЦأʱЩ˼ 

ö̲һѣ
⸱ӣöûأ

˵ҲٺɵЦʵʵǶŴһԣСѧƵģջøˡ

һ˲Ŷӣ˺̣磡𣿡

̼æ¿ӣѽǴˣ˵ţæҪµȥš

ջæ̣ȥ

һûŴˣ·־˵Ӿٹ̣ûٰæʵǸмѡ

һţȻǴŰ׾



һ̲סԷ˸ӵ

㣡춼
ҲǣʵҶдˣһأʱղ

ʱų̺ʹ͸æȽ˵ɣŮû緹ɣøһԣ

ջæźһݡ

ȥǰһһǮմ󲮻ûҲ˵ֶŮλûٹģҲʮкԷ
ӣϿͷȺ

ջ׼ӹµĴްһߣһֱ֣ģһֱͨ죬æСĵꡣ
ƶأô

ǮЩ˼Ǵľֱӹģһżƶã

̾˿ǳŴȥԷԼܹİɣ⺢ӣ˵˶ٴˣܣ̰ڣһ˻ᣬҪ¿զ

ǮЦ̣첻ˣѾҵƬ쵽֮ȥʣ֮һͺã

ջ֪ԭڼֻ̺ʹʮʱÿ춼ԼԷʱ䣬Сʱ٣ʱտ̺ʹ磬ŷľɰûļ߹

ƽʱľÿݻ°࣬ǴĳֳʳúᣬûʱԷҪԼһæڣȻҹ·߻ֳΣ࣡

ջԼ˰Ѻ˵ͰƵԼǰһڣ
ϽԣҾȥ

Ǯһѱ֪Լģ㳯̵ЦЦҲ⣬ԹԵӳ

ͻȻĬһ˲⻹ͷһؼջԭЦСر˵Ů/ֶŮ/Ҳᷢ𰡣
զ˵ģզùϡأ

̿һ仰Ҷ˵ӿģæͱԱһ¡

̵ָʾæֳɶöԺ󣬰ǾͲôӳˣҲûˣ

ǮʱҲջӣҲǶҼӰһصᣬûԼߣ

ҲæǻǰǰˣҲ˵üˣԺ϶ôˣ

ջʱЦãôҪԴɶƵģ

ЩεӦңԺٸôΣյˣҪǳʲô⣬ô죡

Ǯæ֤Ժ϶ˣˣ㿴ҰҪˣ

´Ż˵һ䣺û£ŮԣͷﻹУٸʢ

մҲ˵ԡԣ棡˲

ջǮضЦ

ֶܿһ棬һڿǮʶŲŲһ־Աߵ

˲ȻһָۣƿĿ⡣

Ǯջ֣˺죬ͷ档





64.     һ̣ջͷҪǮ

һ, ջͷҪǮľ

̿Цã
Ҳ&zwnj;һۺôôȿˮ߰ɣ

ջһװƻͷҲ̧
, , Ͳˣ

, ǮҲ, ʹջ, ЩֺÿƻԼװ, ̵ø߸ߵġ

ǶƵĹһ˵Цĳ, ̻մ󲮺ʹп
Ƕʮ, , Űͷ, ϴѡʰӡιɶŸ, Ǿûһģ

ԱƻҲӻ˰üʶأˣ
ܰѡˮ塯Ǹ塯дɡݡġ࡯, Ϊ˽̰, ͸סȪˮ塯ѸдðѽѽǳϺˣʰ̺Ͱ磡

̾Ц
ǻԼȻóԲá˯ã㴺ӿͰ͵ģŹ㣡

˵䣬̫̫תͷԶӺͶϱ

и£øǣһûտãöˤˣ

մ󲮺ʹﻹûӦ, öû˵ԣæԼĸĸͣ
֡裬²ְ̣ҪҲùְԼģ

ԭڴҲȥصĵ磬û̼ҸպôүүЩСң̼ǻǮˣѰ˼˸̴֣̾Ȼؼһˡ

ʱȥʰȦǮݵʣԼһСľͰѻǦ˵ϡ

ûˣŸ첲ſڿϣԼǦʼ

ûƺã˴ӿϷ̫ݵǮˣæݡ

Ǯһˤ˵ϣϿɱݣǼȴСټһ֪ҲûУǮʱ˼Σû˷ԼҲˤˣ

̽ݵʱþͿӺʹˤһ𣬵ÿ̻ؼҺ󲻷ģְմ򷢹Űæһ̧˿

մ󲮺ʹһô£æο̵裬ҲǸɣأǧȥ˵ӲҲûɶ𣡡

ȴҲְĴ󣬲㺦˲˵Ҳ˼Ҵ찳ݵʱ򣬿ˤڴϣǺӸ첲ײϣʱһƬ

ЩڵĴ˴ͷ

Ҳûע⣬մ󲮾˵
ǵúúøлл˼ҹŮҪͷóԵģŮԶٷ

æ
ﻹвٹɣҲܰһˣҪ־˵ģ۰˹ŮԶٷǱһ۵ĸлɲ

Ҳһ²ĽӲ磺
֪ÿܿЪһ죬Ǹ죬ǿ

˶ĿͶ̣̿һ˶ûģرˣҪһڴӦأϵȻ

̣֡裬˰ɣ

Ŀ¶⣬ֵ
˼ҰֻΪˣ֮ǰͰ֡ûڣæҲˣǸʮĹ۾ͱٰˣ

Ҫл˼ңͷʱóԵģа̸˹ȥˣĻ˰ɡ˼ҴΪ룬ҲΪ˼һǡ

/ôһ˵Ҳô˼ұϾǸСҪΪɶʱӰҲ˼ҹŮⲻͷ˿

ȵ˵ҲеҪ۾˵ģԺ˹ŮȥǱߣͶ͵ԵġȵģǱۼ˵ˣ㿴զ

ҲʶԼ֮ǰжôⷽ棬̵ͷԡԣеϺͿˣöϸûⷽ룡

ֻҲû˵Ļɶ˼һ˵ԭҪ봺ӣֲˣĲˣ̲ס
ǳԸզŪô鷳ղŴӻ˵´Ҫٴأˣǲ룬Լȥöʹ棡

ʶĿ۵ܵܣûٿڡ

մһΣֺ֣˵ɶҲ˼Ůһȥɶ㻹Сզأ

Դ죺
ҲСҲãô˵զͲǸŮأ

۾ɨϿĴڲ˾񣬰ľһóĵöҲɣЩأ
ЩʽءǿӶð
ѽɶⰡͷһؿ
ö԰Ҳ̫ˣ̣裬Ȱѧľһһö׼Ҿߣ

̺մ󲮡￴˵ƵģҲ¶Цݡ

ΨпŵŵܵܵЦĿһĨӵɫ

һߣջǮһ·˵Ц

ջȥҽḶ́ἰմֲ֢ⷢḶ́ǮҲǸҲѡ

˵Ĳǲңǰ֪ʱƣסȴǲеҡ

˵մ󲮺βḶ́Ǯ״˾䣺ˣ˵صλҽͦõģû˳

ջȴ̾˿

ôܲأɲǺϴش򣬶˵ûʲôð취

ǮԱһ˲ʧ૵
ôĴ˵û취ǲС

ջʱﶼŵʱλ˵ЩҲûעߺѵı飬ֻһֲȷ˵
شǸҽǰһЩ⡣

Ǯʶ׷ʵʲô

ջ

ش˵һµ򸾣ӻ˶ɷҽΡ
֮ԻΪɷ֮ǰɽҩһ̤գӰɽˤʧȥ֪Ҳ޷·

Ӻɷĸǳãͱɷ򵽴ҽҩϧȥҲûκЧŮΪһ귢պֻʧˡ

ɷӣѰӾ˻Ӳľɷһµظũ

ҹĿɷټϻҪȻʮƣһſ˯ˡ

˭֪ʱһߴӲݴ˹ȥɷʱӷһܰ峵ϣһľ룬ƴӣӻж

ۿԽԽΣʱ̣˲֪һȻŰ峵վȻһϣһץס˶ߣ

Ǯ£̲סԣλɷͺˣ𣿡

ջ˵ͷ
ش˵ģλɷһˣܶ˵֮󶼾ţشǰҲ˵һ漣

Ǯ˼漣ҲλɷİΪԼ漣ûйˣá

ջĸ첲һֱԸϣڴϣܻôһ죬Ҳܵһ漣

ǮԳ˻૵ǰҲһ漣

ջû壺˵ʲô

ǮӦæûʲôҾǸпôãϸġвŻδ̫ϧˡ

ջ̾Ҳ˶Ҵ̫ƽˣĳ˵ɽҲôֻ֪ܴܵڿϣʵҴ󲮼ҴС飬ġ

ǮŵͷҲˣǻղϢʱĵֱޣղĸסˡûӦ־ֲ֪ôȰ
ֻһֱ侲İο̺ղĸȰղĸϽʰȻ־󲮰æղĸһء

ջ󵽼֪һŵӣ˵ʵҲΪд磬ʱŸôĸŶ

ǮĻҲĺãҿСġͼֱӴԭϳһ
ˣǸ˵ѾдҴпȥһˣҸйص鼮ҹƵ´ٸҼţͻһʹˣ

ջȻҲʮ&zwnj;ˣ֮ǰźֻͨͨĲοᣬҪǮܴӹ鼮϶ͷϵĺá

лл㣬ЩӣΪǼģȫҶ

Ǯ¶Цݣɵܶ˵ĻǺѣʲôô

ǰڱӣҿʼʱ㲻ϲһ棬ȺҴӰְ˽飬ȥ㣬ʱѾ£ɼ֮ǼҰߣøԶˣҺͰְһֱźӦôӺСҪòŶԣ

ջҲЦСʱ㲻ҺҲˣСʱֹƧ˭ҪǸЦûиӰְ֣ұ׼ܰӻΪ׶԰ȥأ

Ǯԣȴ¶һĨ۵ɫһѱסջ
ڣʱӦȥ㣬ҪȻҲôʱˣ

ջʧЦǰҵɾˣ

Ǯһ£Ҳ֪뵽ʲôϺ˺죬æĳ˳ΧϵΧ

ЦһǰľѾңңķֿ

ȥ·ϣۿаٶ׾ͽˣбһСԱͻȻ߳һˣûջһ

޴磿ô

ɿһ˫۾ΪܾȻԲˣСèһϲֲҶ࿴ֻõͷһ
Բ𣬰ŵ˰ɡҡе㣬ܸܲһ£

ջΪС£Ҳûԥ̵޴磬ǲСң

ȴȸҹɣ֪ˣ

Ҳû룬ȴûнӣǴӴǰͷƹȻս嶫ͷС·ȥˣ

һǰһźĻѩǰߣһ·Ҳûô˵ջƣ硣
޴磬ϵôˣ

ʶ˽Ųһͷö

ˣ԰ϵΧˣ¶İСְۣҲɽСƵģССġģÿˡ

š顱һŵ࣬Сöˡ
˵ţͰϵƶժ̯öԷ

ջֻɵּԼĴһ룬˿ֵֻĺָϲһİɫѪ裬еѪԵѾ䣬¶ġ׵Ƥ⣬ƺװףԼʱĲң

һ˫֣ջͻȻеܣ̲ס𣿡

ɿŶԷеĹУ۵ĲУæҡͷ
ۣʵʱҲôֻۣƤˣǿ˶ѡ

ջȴô˵̫Σˣ޴磬ԺٴԵʱҪСġ

ɾһͣɷҪעⰲȫСһʱƲס
֪ˣİɣʦ

ջЦôģﻹеƣҲû˵ʲôЦģôЦˣ

ЦҲͦÿģԼҴĿŲͬƫڼŵӢͦʡ

ټϿܳ׵Եʣһһеڲͬʣ˵ƫԶɽڱĳҲעĿġ

һɾͺȻͣ½Ų˵˾䣺ˣ

ջͷԼƬŰֵСӱߡ

Ȼ£Ǳϵİѩڡ

ջĿɣ޴磬ҵʲô

ɳЦЦȻߴһڣִ죬˲伤һƬ

ȻջͿһغɫСӰӺӶ԰İһ˳ɿĳԼ

˲侪ϲ۾
ɷɣ

ɿǰӣɷɵСһ˽һ½ס

ɷջ˵úģƴͷȥȻһûǳλȹԼĺѡ

ں򴽽ǣе㲻̫ˣֻܾ׺ռˣ

޴磬ôɷɵģ

ɿôˣվסǰһŰ׺߷ɵĳ嶯һ͵
֮ǰɽкüλʱں͵͵ңһҸĽӡͲ㣬ȴ㲻ڣֻҵˡ

һϣǱȽСģһɽͱͷһǹ
ʱûҪ˵ˡ

ˣջ껹۵ĲУŷɷë׵Դɷɣ´βҪˣҪ㱻˷ִסô죡

ɷӾƵģ

ջŷɷɵ˵࣬ûݣһ㣬ɸ˵ûôݣӦûŶӣ

˭֪˵仰ɷɾͺȻѿͷֳŰ˹ȥ

ջûŪôأͼɷȥֻȴһֻʷʵҰӡ

һܻصջߣֱӰջǰȻ͹ԹԶһ˫ɫ۾ŵעջƺ᲻ϲһ

ջůڵģſ˫ۣ÷ɷٴԼĻͷһڡ
лл㣬ɷɣҺϲ





65.     ȥת۵ĩ

ȥ, ת۵ĩ

ȺɽƵɽѩʼڣӽⶳ洦ɼĺëȳ˰޵ѿ

ƽѾ, һıѩʼ

ʱѵ, ڴ߲ϰȦ, ЬӾʪ͸ˡ

Ϊû취, ɽķľҲͣˡ

Ĵǳ, ӡڻȻŹϷ, Ϊ޴½ŵĵ·, Ȼо޴²

ջʱоͷõʱ, һëҲ, ɵް͵ϣ
ԺĻѩѾһƬС, ɹһޣϾȻֽһ

⻹, ͷһԽԽů͵ʱ򣬵ڶͻȻһëѩ, ڱҲǳ̬

մ˵, ³ѩˡ

ûнⶳҹ²ִ󣬱Ϊ˲ֲˣͻľ嶤һľεĴľУǰһķ

е˼ҶͰľзֵСССײ֮࣬Ǵ˼Ҷʱսַȿ·ݣý, 硣

ƹϡӡǡѹϡǹϣɽĶࡣ

ÿһʱ򣬴ĴϱҲʼҰĴӡ

ֵƹѣҪѣ

ߵȲֱ໥Ͳ硣

УŮǼȵõ˷ḻԼҲ԰ͲĻᣬҲ˸飬˳㻹˽´СϢ½ƶνһá

̽Ҳ˲磬мרŰ̼ġ

죬ջڼϢ̹ȡ磬˳̵Ŷ˵Ƕүҵĸˣһʮֻˣ

մڼûҪԴ֧ȴ٣ſԺץСɶģôţҲǸ

˵үҵĸһ֮ǰСУкҪֻ

ү̵׵ܵܣ֪̣̾˵һ̣ץ׳ʵĻ

˵˻Уоһ̵Ĳ磬̫̫ڿͷϿʼҳ

ǡʱݵˮˣջȥˮ

ȥˣʹյ̸ǰС
ǰȥɩӼҪЬҵҲȥˣ
֪զģˣ

æ̧ͷǰɶ˼ѧѧ

̾˵ҵںΰ֪ɣǰڴڿˣʱˣͷҵ˸˵ϣ

ⲻǸչҵĸ̶ִ&zwnj;ǰϸ˳ڸһ죬˵һֻ

ҵľ;ϸɩҪˣּ֪ҸɩҹϵһţɩӣɩӰæֶף

òУ
ֶ硢ɩߵֲ綼Ȼǰզ˼

æ
ɩӵʱҲô˵ģҵĻȥֶӺúգĥĵɱ⣡

˵Һҵȸ˵ˣҪǸռҴɩ˵̫̫׼һ̴鱱ɽȥ

ʱڳԭһûϹҵùǺŻ㿨ſϣ

°ɩӿ϶øɩͷɩ͵ѧ

˵¸˭Ҳ֪⣬Ҳ÷ŵ㣬ʱҵĻ˰ģȥϹֵɶⲻӰ۹Ů𣡡

æͷϽ㣬лѰ˵ǼʲǼˣ˵ʮڰأ

̴ûһ̰ȥˣʣԼڿ

ջŽ죬Сʮа˾Ҫ⺢ϲԴڶģĥŷ棬ɶġ

æһݾͷһ˵Ƕæȥôˣ̾Ͱ˵¸Ůѧһ顣

ջ굹û̫⣬Ọ̇̄
ûµģֻ̣Ҫǰ̬ȱͺˣΪֵģ

ȴ̾˿ŮСԽ绨һЩĵ

ⲻ͵ǣ㲻֪&zwnj;Ǹҵֶӣ첻ҵ˼Һ󴰻͵˼ϱϴ裻Сȥӱϴѣʹչȥֶţռˣ

ÿ·ȥһŰߺˣҪȻָɶأһ뵽ô˵㣬ܵĶ

ջһԭ룬С̣ûϵ컯֮£Ҳô

ҪȥҰʲôƫƧطҲҸţҵڱܵʱԼҲһذױţذڻҿռҲܷã

һŮﻹͦг㣬Ƿһ㣬ֻʼշŲ£֮춼Ʋֵġ

̱ӦĲᣬ֪˵֪֮ǿɲӦôˡ

˵ʲô

ãɺմӱ㡣

䲻մ˵Ļϲȣˮߡ

մͷרԼӣҲû⣬˳ھʹ˵ΰǸԶ⣬Ȼ򰳻ӵ⣡

΢΢üɫô£Ҽֶɣ

մͷ˵ǰ赽ҴţÿӷѧСӵʱ߲ˣ

Ƥð˵ףǸùãҲ֪Ӵɴģһ壬಻Լͷ⣬ȥңҪҰ̰æýа̸ȥˣ

̹ϰǼң¸̺Ͱүѧˣүʱͷˣ˵ûô۸˵ģҪȥˣԼϱܺˣ

ð̸ˣ˵ˣԶӾӦˣ&zwnj;˼Ҳ׼ýŵģ㲻ԸžˣүҪûզžһͨҲûˣ

˵ȻͷȥôôҵģаȱִˣҪȻ԰Ҳá

մԽ˵ԽһˤϽӣҧˣˣ

˵һѳϺԼҸŵˣɶıQQӦˣ

ӣѻԶҪǾʹãҪȻǰȴ۲ɣ

ɱ˵еҪֵ÷зʦֺǸ˵ϵһ𣬲Ƕʦá

ˣˣ㲻˵Ҫȥ𣿸Ͻİɣ

մһ˵㣬Ȼ˾ҺλãץӾͳźȥ

Ҳû˵ֻһ˫΢΢ŶߺΰӵķȥӹһĨ⡣

ջû뵽ô߶ǸҵֶӣʲôԽשģһһѧУ˾Ȼˣ

Ϊڵıѩû͸ѧУʱǲˣԺǻʱڶӲϿΡ

ЩӷľûɽҲ

һʼԽשЩȻһؿҲףû⡣

šţͷ˲ԾˣǶ˶ƤǦͷļ¼š

ֻˣһֱŷֱ潲εջ߿߲ˮ

ԱߵڲԾһѽקƵϣȵ˸ӣ¹أ

ſڵĶѧע⣬׷ͷ⿴ֻͻȻһɤӣ磿զϰǴˣ

¾˷ӦָŵϵԽשԭǺΰӵԶӣҪ˶ӣոǲ͵ʦأ

ӣʵ

ȥҪˣҿү־Ѵסˣ

ˣøɶɶȥ͵ԣǴ˾ͶˣϽͣ㣡

үһɤӣ˱ɢˡ

ջվڽʼû־󲮲ģ߹ȥѾͷ´󲮸㴦ͰϿΣ

ջͷôڣҲȷʵҪԼ

־ȥһžͰڵһװԽש乷Ƶһ˴ӿڡ

㰡»£Ͱ͵ֳ㵱åˣ

ԽשŵùǺһ־ɿѾܡ

־󲮿Ǹֻ۾һͻضӲˡ

ջڵ˶þһ⣬Զʵ죬û뵽һﵱˣ

˻ѧˣӲȥ͵èںͬרŶջ°ؼҡ

粻ģûɶˡ

ջŻĿα䵭ĿͻȻǰսǴڳˡ
ʲô

ԽשֻС۾ֱĶջһ߲ͣ̿ˮһߺٺЦͼǰա

ɣ㳤ÿ濡

ջڣɫĴӿռȡЬ׵Ĵ߬סԷҿһ 롱ζ

Խש̰ĿԷΪˣ⣬ʹӣ
ѽѽ㰡վԶˣ

ɶӣðɣʳǮ֤á
˵꣬쿪첲׼ջ˹ȥ

ջ룬ȶ˹ʱһȥԽשȻһˣĺ󲱾һֵ

Խשһһ¾͵˵ϣ

ջЩȣ˾ɣ

ǼȷİΣһ㣬ɿԽשֻֽסջļͷüͷ½˼ء

ջķӦס˫ּ߬ˣʶѿں޴磿

ûֻһ˫۾ע

ջĿһɲǼʲôͷһ

벶׽סͷʱԷͻȻˡ

ҲٿǵͷĿĶŵϵԽשһȻ˵ĺӣһˡ

ջܾý״̬е㲻ԣ״æǰ

޴磬ҪȥģҪǻǰ־󲮴ɣ

ɶ˶٣ҲûͷֻɤƵ
ģҲôġԺһҪСġ

˵꣬˾Խשˡ

ΪʪŢջԽשڵϣûһһȻеЦ

ؼҺջҲû˵¡

Ӧúú֮ǰǷɿͷʲôʶе㲻Ըȥ롣

ȽȥǸͷջǸ֮ôԽש

Ͼɵʱ̬е㲻ԾȻҲԽש&zwnj;ѵһҲˣҪΪиôɴϣǾֵ̫ˣ

ŵû˵Լֳʲô£Ҳûʲô۶ӣӦ˵ģŷġ

ֻû뵽û죬˵Խשˣ

˵ȥӱ߲ҰѼӵʱ򣬵·һһˤˡ

»󱦸ջġ

ΰɽӶߣضͺ̲ȵؽֲĵΡ

Խש׼ȥӱߣ·һСʱһֱӴϹԱߵĴ

ѩ˾ˤҲû£ѩڵʱҲƽʱ˲٣ټϲ֪˭ڿӵʯ飬Խשһ¿ˤòᡣ

ʦǸ˾˺;͵Ժˣ˼˵úü²µأ

˵ţȻеˣ
϶ͣ£ʦ㲻õˣ

˸䲻㣬⣡ʦȰ꣬Ȱ˸ףȢ㣡

ջѰ˼Խש£һһ䣬ʱЩЦá

ѧؼңһžС￪ĵС㣡

ջǣ֣һݣͼæš

ոСֻҰѼӣϸȣ

ջ˲ЩŹ֣ҰѼӣ

ѼӣԱСҲҪŸش

ջʱ˵֣˵Ѿ֮ǰǿ˲١

˵ץѼӣץ㣡Ժ󣬶㣬ԣ

ջѹ&zwnj;еɻЦСķԣСԣ

Сȴһ֣㣡磬㣡

ջ۾ԲˣСҲĹĵģʵڿɰĽ˳úã㣡Ȼ͸С

СˣŰƵ㣬Сϲϲ

ջΪ˵ǼϲԼϲɣûãҲϲС

һԵ̿Сٿ۹۵Ѽӣ¶һĨ˼

ͻȻϸ¶ϱʱʹһ仰裬㿴զ

ϱ˵־βʱ򣬳ӻϻȥһأȥ˲ٶ
ҪǮûҪ

죡

̿ԱЦ仨һŮסһĴȣ

զſأԭ޼СǶŮ˼ˣ





66.  ʦ   ޼С˲

޼С˲, ŮҲͦ䣬˵Ҵǰʱҳǵɽ仧ʱֱӸ˳ɷ֣֪׶Ҳûҡ

ɩ˵, ޼ҴǰڹеʱӶǴ󸻴˼, źȻ˹, ˼ҵļҵ׶ûզӰ, һëǴȶ֡

޼СӸǽﳤ˶, Ļмʶ, ŹȥǾǱ׼ġٶҡӸ, ˼һһ, Ҳ˲һ

Ҫ޼ý, ҪŮ, ܿ

ԽԽ޼СӸԼŮͦʣǵڶ, ŮȥϿΣæȥҴϱ

ʵ, ҲΪ˲, ֶŮ̫СզҲ꣡

Ҳ᲻ŮôޣϱһļϣãȲ˵ȥǾ͵ɶҲ֪ҲúƷƷ޼Сӳϲġ

ϷһһڣǽʪŢ·洵ˡ

ѩںּҰ￪ʼ¶һήĴƬľӲݴԡ

ʱԸ, ڴļӳ£ǵһҲԭ

ÿʱ֮صڣķľӣֳҲֹͣ˲ɷÿֻСʱм򵥵ֹ

һȥ֮ǰͻɽ

ʱϴ죬绹˵Ӽ飬ֹҰ𣬾Ǹ˼ҵҲ

Ϊصİ෿һܣΪȡů㣬ּҼһǰݺ󶼶һĲ⡣

ֵʱǰ̴Ļӹγһǰ㣬ڵϼ˳ǼΣյġ

ʱˣҲμ涨һ죬ͣͣ

ڴҲûɶ£ٳԵ㻹ʡʳأ

ŮҪһĿΣؼһñΡҵⲻԷɲС

ǣ̫̫ͳһͲ棬ƽʱŹͷƿװţԵʱҨһÿˮһݣͱһŨճ𻹶

ͲҲǰѹˢɾ󣬷ŽСɳ΢΢ɫŵӵζͿ԰ʢˡ

Ȼ붹ͣȺ󣬰ǰõİ浹ȥѾ뵽УټȳõĻ顢ʺ֥ųӣװǳȣͣͿװĹͷƿá

ջͲ棬⸬һգʱ͵Ѯ

ۿݻҰð̣ɽϵɽҲʼţƬƬĻԴӵһһɽԶԶžһۺɫɴ

ӵѧУҲҪʼˣү־󲮴ȫ׳ֻʱ͸ǺһļӵСѧ

Ϊʱֻһ༶һ䵱ңһջ칫ңʣµűá

ѧУú󣬴һʱ䣬ѧҪõΰʲ롣

һ׼ү־󲮾ص˸ĵӣɽСѧɣʦʽǨУᡣ

ʽ죬Ǻ糤ԹǵøںΰӵҲ֡

ʱ쵼һαɽĴӸɲջʦ̬Ȼ˼ߣΪԱ渺ȵȣ

˵ջү־󲮶е㲻˼ˡ

һͨﲻ㣬쵼˸ߣ˵ҪɷôӸɲѧУʦ

ߴŸרŸɷãƴһɰѴסˣ

豧󱦾ܣﻹʹţ
ѽѽɾҪ˵Ļˣ

֦ʹ̫ˣԳŰסˡ

Ū˼ֱܰӡɶƬϣ͸վƵģ᲻ˣ׷˼Ҽƨɺ˸һŲɣ

ɵһ˼˵ϴһƬҪëǮʱֲˣƲ죬˵ǻһҪëǮǰëǮӣͷգǿһأ

ˣҲû˴󱦶ܲˣŸӾ͸Ͻˣ

֮ⳡѧУɵʽ൱֣ȹ쵼һߣΰӵĴӳ֧ү־סˣҪǴӵĺҲɣ

ү־󲮾Ǻ£籾ͳӣȻʮ·ϵ

˼ͺϿΣʵţϾǻͷĲأ

ֻһ뵽ҪǺΰӵǾͻüһֻ࣬Ѿͷһʦʱ͵һ̿Σһţôһ졢Ļ˵ʱ䳤˿϶ɡ

˵ôɶѾͷ˵Ҳе㸺ˣ

ЩԥҲûһھӦǵúΰӵ˻е㲻ˡ

ջ֪£룬Լ̵ͱȽϵͣúðһ£ͬʱӦⲻ

ΪôһѧϰᣬҪʮɽ·ꡢѩģʵס

Ҳү־Ϊѣ

ͷ׼Ӧʱû뵽ǰͷȥλ

˵ɶ

үȵķ̴Աߵ־󲮶һֿۣվǰ߸ݵСӡ

ӣ˵ҪѧУʦ

˵ͷ
ǣүү־󲮣ȻҵҲֻǳбҵڼҵүүѧһЩ֪ʶҾЩһӦ㹻̺ˡ

ү֪֪⺢ӵүү̵궼ȥѧˣѧĿɲֻһ㣡

ʵĲ⺢Ӻүʱʵ⺢ڴ￪ѧá

ֻǰ⺢ӵү岻ãôһӣټͷһؾôıʣ⺢ӵʱһɶġùҹļƣҲû˵ڡ

û뵽˼꣬⺢ӵԼ뿪ˡ

ӣЩǶʦүǱܳɲ

ɲɽľһ졢ͼһĹˡҪѧУϿν飬Ǿ͵ùؾصģɲһ졢һˣ

æûµģˣүöˣС״̬ҲܺãҲѿˡ

һ˵Աһֱû廰־ҲЦǺǵ壬˵С⺢Ϣſڿ˰һأ

үͷ˵ˣСǺȥѾͷһ׼Ѿͷ̵ģͷúúлл˼ң
һˣҲȾ˼Ц⡣

Ȼúллɾ⡭

үǰ˫ȵ۾Ҳĸοתͷ־
־㿴զ

־Ц⻹ɶ˵ģǳҪΣҲܰﰳæǴ£

ǵջҹʱϾͱλ֪ɽСѧУӽ쿪ʼֶһԱ󽫡

ǰλ³¯ġȺĴʦԼЦ¶һڰջĪе㲻ܾúʲô³Ԥơ

֪ɵѧУĴʦ֮Ҳһϡ棬˵ɲصԭǸʶĶֵģ

һ뵽ޣƣүҩҪֵĻҲ䲻
Ȼүʶ֣ûһסӲᰡ

޼ڴԵүЩ򵥵ҩӣƽʱиͷȵֵҩԸؼҰ˳ԣͦá

Ϊ˴Ӳߵƽԡ㡢ڲҩãӾˣɶԸһ

ԴϡһҲˣϾɱǸͦˣٶʶֵıҲ֡

ĵɽСѧ¿һ༶ջӭһλͬ¡

Ϊ°༶ԭİ༶ںϣջ󣬾˸һ࣬ջԭİ༶Ϊһࣻɴ³İ༶Ƕࡣ

ĿĻջĺɽѧ

ÿεֿΣջ򱨸棬úǮ̵

Ѹϸڶо׵ջҲʽʼ˰ͰĽ鹤

½СѧȻҲͨͨİ෿Ǹӿ´ԣһӣɻ졣

¿λ߷ѧջڰ칫ﱸλҵ˾վһߣ˳һµֵ

Ϊ֧ʦǵĹӻʦ칫ˮůˮƿʦǿμҲܺȵˮɤӡ

ΪӸɲү־Ҳûš

ÿһӣʡƱ֤һ䣬ջǮƱÿÿһȦСһѣ

̵Ļ˵Сӹÿû˭ˣ

Ψһ㣬ΪѧУֻܹʦ࣬ջɲͬʱϿΡͬʱ¿Ρ

Ȼڰ칫ҵʱҲæʲôʱ±ʣ׼ؼңҲͣҪһߣеͬͬ˼

ջѰ˼ţĪ˲ţ
ǿߣԼҲ˼°ࣿ

ּëƤС£һֱҲû˼ʳڡ

죬ҵ׼ϽĿαһ£Ϳűһ꼶ѧǶддŻͦġ

ջѾһĿγ̶ˣڸɶ

ĥ˵һ䣺޴磬ҵҪˣ߰ɣžͺá

ԷҡͷܾãһҪд̰

ջЩɻ췭飬ѾһıαʼǣڻҪд𣿡

ɶ˶٣ŶεĽ̰

ջ

˵ΣһũСѧʦ֯ѧһѧУΧӲݡѩ߸ɴҵɵũ˵Σ˵ͶΡ

ջȵǣûǺĴӽ̺㲥ٿʼ

57ĵ׹㲥ٺ63ĵ׹㲥٣ᣬҶ׼̬

һϿεʱǰѧʾѧһһ棬ߴߴֵϵĺǶȥˣ

ʵʵ˵ͦϵģ˵Ҳ̲סⷽһ¶Է
޴磬ҿ㲥ͦõģѧǶѧˣͷҲܶڿμ٣ԺǵҲкô

꣬һ˫۾רעʵҲֻ㲥úá
١ַ١衢壬ЩҶò

ջû뵽Է˵һƽʱ񣬾סˡ

˾ôĿԣΧһз·ֹһ㡣

һֱɣһ˲䣬Ŀȴľˡ

ջʲôԣ뿪˵ʲôôɵĴɻûڣԷλվҪƹӣߵǰ

ʱȻ̵
û°𣿴ˣ

ջһæŴкһ̣

ٻͷȴֻ΢΢վϵҲָƽﵭȻд˵ӣջŷһ˲ĳ񲻹ִ

ʦ߰ɣţ

ѵԷûҪһߣջҲûʰҪĿαкˡ

ͷҲѾߵſˣ̫̫ŮأȻֱŮһС˵ģʶһۡ

ʱǡջֽҵĴûأæ̵̣ȥѴһ£΢һ£

ֺ̾Ǻǵȥɣ

ɴʱҲ׼̫̫к̿ȻֱӰ

һ֪Լʲôʱ̫̫䲻һ䣺
Сӣʵ㣡ʮ

ˡһ£ԭ˼ҿˣ

仰ʲô˼ǾԶһ

ҪѿһԷʲô˼ͼǱѾغ˴̵ĸ첲Ҫȥ
ˣ̣߰ɣ

ЦǺǵͷתͷɣֶһ䣺
ǰϿûʱ䣬С㰳˵꣬ʹջˡ

Զɻأվԭأһֱȥķ

Ҳ֪˶ãɵĿٿȻһ̲סȭ˼ԼĶͷ¶һΪĵЦݣ૵

ˣһȣܶ꣬Ҷһֱȥֱ⣡





67.     ջ̻ؼңԶͿ

ջ̻ؼ, ԶͿſڵǮӿ˽Ų

ô͹ˣĿ𣿡

ǮЦûϢѼٶܵ, Ҳ켱ææ߸Ͽˣ

ջʮָ, 
ô˵, Ŵˣ̫ˣܻ߶, ˵Ӧûôæ, ô㻹û, ԭǰѼٶܵһˣ

Ǯ
Ϊûôľ, ľȷʵͦе, ֳѾľԱٻһƬ׼ľļӹ

԰Ǽ˶ȥЩ⡢鹤, Ҳ, һ벻ˣǰ඼ˣܰѼһ𻹶ϿεĹأ

ջ, ģĵͷ, Ǯʦ̬ȺУҪúñһ£

Ǯϵֻǿͷһѽ, УͲ㽱𣿡

ջϳɵĵ˵ͷţҿ⼸˲٣Ǿͽһ뷹ɣ

ЦһţԱҲЦ۾

Ц֮Ǯ͸æջݣӴһɫóˮɫɴһջϵˡ

Ǽɴ˵ǽǱߵ¿ʽ, һһ㿴ϲϲ˵䣬ԼҲϵˡ

˶һСԲգ˵ˮɫ˱Ͱ׾Сõĸˮˡ

Ǯſջļ̲סָ˴ջ۵̾Ƥãϸְ׵ģ

ջȴУҵǾĸϸһЩһֱĽͷôںڷҵľӲһɫҾʹҰӷ£

ǮʧЦʲôӲݰɫǺСʱڹмĶˣʵ¿ŷǳƯ

ջţֻǺѰοԼֵ
ҿ&zwnj;ǰݼڣЩģҲǿֻͺ˴ͳɣ

ǮЦ˰졣

Ǯĸ˼ɴ˸ӣɫʽһģһ˴ϺߵԺ̺òÿ

Цúϲ£죬ֱ˵һԽû

ÿǮ̱ضҪһóԵģҲû⡣

ȥ˹磬˺͸ɶϾһŹǡ

־󲮼ҺͶ綼˲㣬ټϸɣŰǼͣԼûϹ

̽صһ㣬ص㣬ؽɽ󣬻иϷƽСү̧ӵġΪ˾˻ϲԼв˵Ļ㡣

رϸۣΪˮûһζǽ˻ǰζջǮͦԵġ

иɶ̻һɫζСԡɶǩӡ

ɶǩҲǩӣǰϡۺˮȣȻȡһŸɶƽѵõ棬ѸɶھһԲͲһŵľǩӡ

ѾõĸɶǩϹ죬ȡгɿͷıƬˣ

ɶǩζӽԼҹ㳦Ϊжɶļӳ֣ԿڸиʵһЩζҲḻࡣ

ʺԣĸɶһԽУһζ

ڵ͵ĺóֲĶɫСԡ

һǼҳ࣬˰ֺسۺߣڸҲãõصĻ˵Ǿǡ桢桱ġ

²ͣˮ󣬷ŵлͺͻƶ裬Ҳһ·Сˡ

ջǮ֣׼ĺܿ죬̰ջŹ˵㣬Ҫȥմ󲮼͵ˡ

ջӧ
̣ȥɣʹڼһͻˣ

ǮæһȥɡҲóʱûȥղղĸˣ

ô˵ջҲûţ̰æһС躣ŹǺһкõĸɶǩװ˾ͳš

·ϣǮջմһң
ղô

ջЦ
ҴɫͦõģҲвסһȥӱ߲㣬һҪȥɽֵҴڼҿ

ǮҲЦ

ջֵ
ʵÿȥתתҲкôҴŸɵһæȰȰס˭ͬȥأ

Ҵ°ƳͰҴ󲮶˸ʱÿʲôʱԳȥתתʲôʱ

һɽ¼ڶȥӱÿγȥ೤ʱ䣬涨װף

ҴȻԸ⣬ɼܲס̺ʹг̱ʱһֲ䣡

ֻҪҴ󲮲̺ʹҪĨᣡҴûˣڶ˿ţԼÿʵʵչ涨ߣ

ǮЦ˵;˼ӹ塢ζٴѹҲˣ

ջЦŵͷڴ󲮺ʹƽʱڼЩӵȥ

Ҷÿľֲľ˵ҪҴһһͦڴģҾԶգԼɡ

мѾץֻСһѼ̣ȦĵڶֻĸҲˣ׾ֶһݽ

ʵǺбͷģȻ̺ʹ˵ջΪǳңôΪ

˶ҵһӣΪ˴˹ġ໥ܹ֧ͬůļңһٶ࣬Ҳȡ˶ҵ塣

ǮҲΪմһҸˣȴٳûᵽǸϤ֣״ˣأô

ԼҴ磬ջⲻҪл
˵磬ǵȸл㣬ϴǮЩ滭鼮ĺܺãҿҴÿ춼ҪЩУҲĺܿ죡

Ǯлϲûʦרָ㣬ֻܿԼڼϰˡ

ջҲҲţҴ絹ڣҲ᲻ֽʣ
ظ˺ö໭õǦʺǦֽһҲ᲻ãƽʱдõϰӶԸţô˵

ǮţĬĬ¡

˱߱ģܿ͵մ󲮼ҡ

һݣ˱һŨζԭմҲݵæ֡

һˣæ
˵˽촺ˣѰ˼óԵĸȥû뵽ǱȰˣ

ջӵݹȥһҲЦʲôóԵˣҺʹԶζˮҪˣ

̨̰ϣһӿŵֻС˹

ǰ󲮽ɵѼˣСаըˣҲСʣ

ѼǱһ洦ɼҰˣΪ̬Ѽӵ죬ڵؽѼˡ

Ѽ˱ȽϲڳʪĵطͨһһƬõػ˵ǾֻҪҵһã͵ҵһѣ

Ұ˾Ҫ۵ʱԣ/߹ֺζҪۿˡ

һϲˮ峴ҲбȽݳһĳԷһ͹ը졣

һƤִࡢϸۣѼ˷۵ҶƬͺ󣬳ڸлͦḻ

Ҫܿɫµĵ̣ջǮ벻ľȻһҰˣ

ǵصһˮ㣬øͷСʮֳƽʱСĲ/߹ִΪϲһһѵľۼСϪߵ£Եϲƺǡ

ʺըŵ˵ֱζٵζ˼һӣ

˼һھͱСըˣôءĺʿҲֻ˰Եˡ

￴˰ԣЦﻹһСģͷûȥ̸Ƿŵը㽴Ҳһóԣ

˵Żһƣ¶ϲѽҲզأ

մ󲮺ʹҲǴһߣջҲȥͽݡ

ԭоǱľֲᣬ򰲰ڿϻ

һǽеıʱ˶٣ĿⲻԼһɨֻܿصջϣк


ջڿмλãĽűߣ

ǮջԱߣĽǶȣֻԼİŲ

£ҲֺǺǵǮߣһ¾δû٣ܸܲӣ

ǮЩǸ磬ǴˣûϡҪżĻҪϸҺһȥ

׼һڴӦأӣˣһࡢָ·ߣ϶Ѿˣͱȥˡ

˲ʧһְҵҲûꡭԺֲǲˣ

ջʽʼϿκ&zwnj;ÿԼ͵ܹܵΣһһأջҵһû

һѣԼ첻Ǵоֲᣬҵû꣬ﻹסæ𼱻Ҫȥҵ

մ󲮶ˮһƵļƣûˣʹأдɶƽʱɶţ˼˼ҵأ

ʱæ磬Ҷס̼ҲߣкܶʱģһᵽѧУֿΣҪǼϿΣ

һԵǾ䡰ǡűʵֲһҲֻһɲǣָֻܿ硣

ʮָˣǴ˵ˣȥĿΣɴûٳɶ¿ǳʶˣ

ҵҲøϽɲܶԲö̰ģ

մ󲮾ЦСӣѧĿɻ˵ˣ˵ٰʽ

ˣ¹ϲ𰳵̨

Ц

ûã˾ͻȥˣʱģȥʱҲû١

·ϻǮϿε¡

ǮȻʵ˵Բڴܶɹɹ̫羰߶˵˵ŻԲ˵á

ջʵҲĥ£תͷ磬㿴ԽԽůˣŰ峵תת𣿡

ᵽ⣬ЩȻ
ǰÿ죬ֺͰҲưͲϳˣ

ǮʶʵΪʲô˼Ц𣿡

ҡҡͷмֽ
˲һҪǱ񰳸϶Ը˼֪ǰЩ

۰ֺͰðΪ£ÿξֻԺͻˡ

ջ˼ش˵ǵҽƷ̵꣬ãΡֻ·ʵڲʺγУʹҲòˡ

ԴɶСΡֱⶫֵܹ
öʵ˵ǸΣð峵ưУǰ챿Ȱ磬˵˵Ӧܳתת

ʵһ㶼£Ͱ˼࣬°Ͱţ

Ǯһ䣬ɵͷЦ£ֻǲ֪뵽ʲô

ջȻҪӦ£Ǽǿˣô겻յҲܡ

У磬ͷҺһȰ

꿪Ĳѣһ͵ſڲŶԷȥ

һٷʢͺɫҲ׺

Ϊ̫óԵģͷȵ˯ˣ̾ͱűӵСȥѴС

ҹջǮ粢żſڿϣ¹͸һصף㽥˵մһϡ

ʱͦĽղղĸĸ飬ÿοղĸʱжŹģһǶźĸ顣

ջЩ죺
ǮǮĸĸҲܺð

Ǯȴ
ǰҲôãϧҰְȻҲǰģȻռķҪһЩ

۾ΪӡŮͣһһĹѹء

ԶҲղĿʼ׷ӡҲǴղҲ֪ԭһǿϲһ˵̶ֳȵġ

ջǮȷʵÿһζôȥҴңԶŹúζҲϴī

룬Ҫ֪Ҵһһ&zwnj;ӣҲܴƽӹҲһҲﲻǮĸ߶ȡ

ҲνˣϱϾȫ

õһͱȻҪԱһԵĿܡ

ǮЦ׵ģǰҲҰְֺܺãֱղղĸҲŷ֣ԭﻹǸĸ飡

빤ҵ֮෢ͻʱһδγΪȷµǸһƽӹ

ջЦ鲻ԽһƷⷬȻʶλѵкѾһˡ

ԥŸòһʱǮͻȻתЦҵ뷨أ

ջһ㶣û

Ļôѡأ

ڻش֮ǰԺкȻֳɿǸԼҲһ





68.     ʲôأ

, ʲôأ
Ǯһֱ񣬱̲ס˾䡣

ջعҲôͻȻ뵽ɣĪԴɽ, ԷһֱչмӵԵʣ

ҲΪ̶СȽչ˰ɡ

, ջվڿ͹۽Ƕȡǵİ֮Ĺһ顭

ó, ӦǶͶұΪȻкø, ԲŻͻȻӴʱһ뵽Է, ƾΪһ, ȶһ£

, Ӧþô¡

ΪԼ뷨侲͸, ˼ǰǮ⡣
ֻ, ˵ָ鷽ʽ, һ֣ϲ֮ǰ, ֻܶһֿշ뷨

ϲһˣܵʱ뷨Ҳ֮ı䡭ǮǮĸ, , ǮʼհǮĸ˹֮󡣡

ûҲǮĸʵǸ֮µأ

ƽʱʧ䡢ԹһͷĻᣬ˵Ǯĸǻͬѡ񡣡

Ǯסˣ૵
˵

ջŶԷݣ˵ͷ
, ҲúúһǮĸЩί

˶٣ЩС
ãʵΪѾ϶ĳˣԲŻ֪ԼҪʲôĸ飿

ΪԷʲôˣŻʲôĸ鷽ʽԽϲԷԽŪԼҪʲô

ǮɲǼû뵽ֻǴĻĲ׽ص£һʱЩ֪롣

ջ״æס֣
Ҳ̽ʲôõѣֻ뿴ҸϣŪԼ⣬ҪһҶĿ

ǮҲס֣ͷ῿ļϣ͵͵лл㣬

ջû˵ֻǺһ𾲾Ŵ¹⡣

ǮһѵĻһβԼ˵ܱĸ࣬ൽѾԽԽԥȥ

磬˳Ŀһؼңžкմ󲮺ʹ
֡裬ѧУֿˣѽѽˣ

ӳ۴˶ȥˣ۶ҲϿȥɣȥ˾վǰˣ

մ󲮺ʹһҲȥ᲻ԼڼңǴ͵
ӣȥͲȥˣ

մæ˵
ȥˣȥڼұͲո߶ˣ

ӾǶȥģʱһֱûȻ
ȥѰ峵ƳѸϣͶȥˡ

մ󲮷¶ϲѾüˣ/ڿԸƳȥתתˣ

Ӧȥư峵

մ&zwnj;æŰѱóȥ̺ãô

һʰóţڰ峵ϵʶ̧ͷ۱ա

õʱԭֵһ£᲻ʱٴθܵůֻջ֡

һ˶ڽŵעı飬ﲻӦ

մ󲮻
ӣҪǾŲþ֨ȥ

Ц
֣û£İɣ

һ·ϹȻкܶ˶ѧУܣռЩȣ
ѽҲˣ

Ǹöתתã

ȫȻǶԼ桢ϧĿ⣬һֱȫ̱΢Ц

ȵѧУԶһļ䷿ǰ漷Χ˲ˣŴӶˣ

Ȼ˶࣬Ⱥﶼĵģռߵýˣöĸ

һ֧ɽϸ֧꣬࡭

һ衣

ĸһᡢתϸ壡

ԭ˵ĸôôĴġ

鲻ԽתͷܣĿһƬѻȸŷԭĲֻԼ

ĸܵܣԼˣǹϡ֮ˣѧĺӣмҵķϸţ

֪ΪʲôΣһĨصĽ

һ׶˺ţǮʦһ
һ

Ȼ־ѹֹˣ
ͣ㣬˼Ͽεģ浱Ǹİ

־󲮡ѹֻö

̲סǡ

ֹһͻȻһ֪ʲôֺǺǵ
ѽ֪ˣ϶ǿ٣

˴û˵٣һһ䣬æ
ӣɶ

ûشأ˲ͷ
ѽ𳳳ɶͱզأ֨ˣöˣ

һҲǣæ죬ר־ﴫĿ

ȿҲȻֹͣ󣬴һҵĹƣ

ѽѽ̫ˣ

ɲզأɶôĶ˼²ǸŮɣ

⻰䣬˺
İɱʹǰˣ˼Ůĸɶϵզأ

Ĳˣ
զأ۴Щүһһ˼˵Ҳˣ

ЩУȴ˲ɫ

ߵЩүע⣺
ɶأ֪ξ͸ϽԼӣһģ˵Ƕ֪ͦ

Ⱥһΰȴ˫ʶ߬ϵıӣɫ԰

ǰʲô

ѵԼʲôӶ

ôϣ

˼Ҳǳͬ飬ԲŶãȴ֪ܵ˼

ʱͻȻִɫԾæ
ӣɫզôãǲܣ

һմ󲮺Ҳע⵽ɫܲãһ¶

عǿһЦ裬û¡Ǵŷ磬е㲻̫ϰߡ

æ۸Ͻȥµ죬ǻе

ǿЦŵ˵ͷ

Ϊͻ״մ&zwnj;û˼£һæĵŰ峵Ҹϡ

ʱȣ̫øˣҲӴۡ

ȴоκεůֻǵͷԼ˫ȡ

µ˫ȣͼ˳ֲиİĦȻûֹǵή

վⱲӶǸˡ

۾ֻס˴ͷҫ⡣

ŤӲݸʺ϶ڱûʸӵ⡣

һֱǮ¿Σ˲Žɢȥ

ѧǻΧ˵˺һỰۼҪռ½ںѵĿˣǮŰúǳ뿪

һ߳ңһֱſڵջЦеĶ˸Ĵ磡

ϲ㣬ĵһֹʵ̫ɹˣղȺ￴̣˵Ҫߦ±أ

ǮůģʵһֱŵĲУϿεʱ򿴵ô磬Ϳ˿ǣ

ҿһֱվſڣЦӯӯĿԼŸ

˷ֱջʦ칫Ϣһɫȥһߡ

ɽСѧλþڶӲ棬ڶͦģû߶Զ˼λڴྵĸŮ

Χסһÿ䡣

裬СǮʦոճǸ̫ˣɶҲǶˣ

£СǮʦɶʱһڣǻûأ

㿴϶ˣ־ռҵĴСӶˣ⺢Դ£ⶼûˣ

Ǯ·©һģæ
λɩ˵ʦĴҲ𣿡

ǸŮͷ
ԡԣǴ޼Сãǿģʮ綼һ

ϧ⺢Ӳ·ͷҪզ˵СǮʦϵúأⲻض¶ˣ

Ǯһǿ˵˼䣬ӦԺԼ᳣衢֮󣬾ʹҴܻ˰칫ҡ

ڰ칫ǰҲ֪ǸˡǺߣʱѾճһúƻ

Һ칫һˣҪȻ治֪ô͡

ԭҲˡ

֪᲻ϲĸ衭⣬տʼʱ̫ˣɤûſ

дǻиطҲĲ̫á

׼Ĳ֣ҪһΣһᷢӵĸá

ǲ֪᲻

ҪӦʱһ

̲סߵǰɽ̵Ĵ⣬˿ݣҲӿһ˿ۡ

죬ϲȴҡ

Զǧ֮ķǣͬ

ĳ˾ֺԶһδӳóƬϸϸ

ƬһòǳŮӣһë£¶ĳ졣

΢΢Цʱ󼸼ҲԵ˼֣ԽԽϲ

ֺԶḧŮССԼҲ̲ס¶۰Ц

塭

칫ϵĵ绰ȻֺԶ˳ֽǱ߱ϢЩεüģ˵˾䡰֪ˡ˵绰

ѸٵĽƬŽһµСľһȻŵұµĳ

ŸһУͼűһƿһȴܺſȻ
ֺԶͬ־ִͬ־ǰ

һ
ֺԶ׳֮ͬ־Ҳǰ

һһЯݣֺԶæλߵһ߽˼ҷס

֣ôҲǰһ

ִ󸣺ٺһЦ
˵СæúܣⶼһҲûؼңҵȻҪæɶ

һԵ֮Ҳ˼۾
֣үүָݼ٣أΪһ񣬵˰µļڣǾһˣ

Һүүǳʦģһ֪ʦøˣôǲæҪҪǰѶӵ֣

ִæһӵ֣˵
вУҿɲӦˣ˭үү

û£׳ͷţƵģٸɸʮû⣬ͰȰүүˣ

˵ӣԼȴתԶӵ
ӣҲ˵ϵ㣬Ҫæ͸˵һ׶첮һʹ㣬ЩϵǰٻȥֻҪ֨һͷʱܳ

ֺԶЦõĿһϡһε
֣ͱˣͦõģȻϵһʦ˱ˣҲǾҪ˵λãҲǿʱʵġ

æ˵㣬һΪλãһڲЩطҲҪæӣҾܻȥһˡ

ˣǻðɣ

ִĲɵáãǹҲûˡ
үӱ˵̲סĴ

ֺԶ׺Ͷӵˮ״ֵ
֣ʲôأ

ִæ֣
ûСûУҾǿôţУͱӵĲһ㣡

֮ˣæʵ
үү˵˵һǲĶˣ

ִһֵ
ȻûĻ&zwnj;顢Լд֣˭ÿһѧʣ

˵űֶֺԶ
ӣҷеհд֣ʱҲô㣡
Ȼߣ첲ӣұʺֽҪֺԶдֲɣ

ֺԶԼһ취ҲûУҪȰסϵĵ绰ˡ

˵˼仰һ̵绰ͶԸ׺Ͷӵ֮֡ʵǱе£ҹȥ

һһԶٷ˵գʹҴҳȥˡ

ֺԶһߣһۡ

Сȿڣ
ԾҰٵʮ϶ʲôˣ

ϵҲͷ
СڿűҶϣ»Сأ

˵ִ꣬˴ͷϰ׻İͷ
զˣѲɻ˸۸ִ󸣵ĶӣҲӦð

룬Ȼһţֱֺ̧Զİ칫ֱҲµĳ룬񣬾ʹӼݵҳһµľС
СӸһۣСض֪һطأ

֮Ҳ˾
үүϿ쿴ʲô

ִԴСľУӳǼŷƵҽԺվݡ

վһƴСռǱռǱϸ¼ֺԶѰŮĵ龭

֤ˡ֤ʡйˡĵطһһ䣬ϸš

һһٶһۣЩĬ

ּͷϵһ˰̣һʹ֡

ִ󸣿ռǱһ̾˿׼ŻȥʱһԵ֮Ȼ
үүһ£

ֻºӣӵײŰɫӲֽƬԱͻȻһϸϸĻɫӡǣ

Ѻӵ˼£ӲֽƬ䣬ȻµһƬ

ִۼֿһץסƬ֮Ҳɿȥ

һһٿƬˣͬʱһ

֮Ǿϲ֮Щȷүүǲǡ

ǣ
ִټ

ҼǵҸ˵ְֳòҺ̣Ҳ̡̫

̫һĶѪͳ÷ǳƯӼ̫һģһԾԲд

ү¶һ⿪ĵЦݣ
ҵˣǵİְڰҵˣҵСŮͷλˣ

үүϲıƬ֣֮Ҳ̲ס¶Цݡ

ǸƯŮӣٺͰְˣֻͱȽ裬СɵĹž

šţֲüͷ
үүȻְҵãΪʲôҪأ

ֵ״̬ǲ̫ãصӡ

һѣִҲԭϲõҲ˼֡

֮ٴƬϸϸ꣬ͻȻϹһľ壬д˼֣æ
үү㿴

ִ󸣴˹ȥϸϵ㡪ɽСѧ

ɽĶ

֮ҡͷִҲٴ뽩֡

ʱִҲûͺ

ֻԱСůͲ߽һϲɫ׳ųҪϲĻɽë壬ھ͸ݲ裡

һһٶһۣͬʱ¶һĨƵЦ

ʮӺ

Сһ׳İ칫ңһߺȾƵĻɽë裬һСİ׳ľзŻԭλ

ء׳ų۸ˣƭĴ֮ͬ־¶׳ˣ

׳һҪţȷʵǱܣȴǺ׳ųһ׳ܣ

أԲ׳׳ô

ڰ칫ᣬλں֮ʱֺԶȻŽ
Сô£С˵Ұֺ֮ոˣ

Сһҵջ׳ųŻЦֻõͷС
ϡ׳ų˵Ȼ׳ûʲô£ǾͲˡ׳˵ȥǱ߿ɶġ

ֺԶұ߳ȡľУƬڣ˿ͷҲû̧
ҲãҰвסȥɢɢҲ֮ţҲܷġ

Сȴ¿ˮ׳ĵĻ̫ˣ׳ųȥԶĻƱˣ

գϢգ̺ʹջǮСС磬һһȥҰˣ

˰ʵһļڣ³ܻǴѩ׷ɣ˪ף

ѮһСƲӵĿǴů︴գ

ĩ¶Ȼߣ㲻һͷɽˮ̲֯ɽƮʮ

Ϊ︴յĵһ־ߡҰءðͷҰˡ

ϵĳŶͿˣˮѿˮ۲ˣ

ζҷİӣ趹һС⣻

žާˣֻڱɽƷ㶫ˡ

ԵС̣˵ţԵţﱣ

һ۰죬ζܲӣ

⻹ĸݡҲˡ̶ˡȲˡޣݤˡˣмʮ֡

һһظԸû⣡

ֻϧ£ЩҰ˾Ҫˣʱ򼷼賤һƬ˶û½ţʱͲܳˡ

ÿһʱڣˡӶڲˣֶİⴺͷһҰζؼҡ

&zwnj;ҰҲѧʣһ졢ݡ׼

ţ۾Ҫ洦ţŻѰһĿ֤꣬ϵ

ڵʱҪݣȡһȥʡòڶ˷ʱ䡣

׼Ҫڻ˸Ұɢ˼ܣͲʰˡ

֮ջΪСɵĶ࣬ӦãҰ˵ľϺ󣬺ܿ

֮£Ǯ˵㣬Сֻڵ

СҲڵǶҰٳӣһһ񾭹һͷƵ

ջòѲ˿ӸţæҲˡ

һһڣС˵ĲУ

ǱſӼʲô۶ˣ׼Ӽϡ

һ磬ۼͷԽԽߣʼߡ

·Сü໥˴˵Ұ˿ӣһ˭ڵ࣬˭ʰɾ

ر𰮳ԵĻ໻һ˵ЦֵĲС

ҲֺǺǵĺʹ죬ֱ˵ȵÿ죬Ҳðˣ

ΧյؼСӸܹʮĶأѮȫջٰӵͷ֡

⣬˼пɳأճҲȫˡ

ĿɽΨһ΢ƽ̹㣬Ǻ̲ʪػĲݵ飬ûƬѡ

ͷ̷ô󾢶ңʵһҲû٣Լ۵ùǺ

ֳÿ궼գһһǮôǸ

̺ʹźڴڸԷֿСﻹǱӹԹԸջ

ǮԱ߿ţ̲ס̾
⺢Ӷ㵹һƬ֮ģ쿴˵ʶ֣ͦģǿϧˡ

ջ˵ͷҪ˵ͼǰŵܡ

ջǮԣ˲˵Ҳæӿ˽Ųӭǰ

ȵӣզˣ

һ̺öڲסеĽ
̡ö粡ˣͿʼգҩҲãڶԺˣ





69.     ˶һջæ

˶һ, ջæ
Ƕ磬Ͽȥ־˵һһ¶ϵǸϿ͵Ժȥ

ˣ˿ţ

Ҳ˼, Եͷ, ͷɿ̼ȥ

Ͻȥմ󲮼ҡ

һ, Ȼڿ, յͨ, ˫Ŀ, Ȼ״̬ǲã

մ󲮷ùǺ, ﻹͣð׾ƸϴؿڡҸµȲλ, ͼӽ¡

˶, ̼
զúõػˣ컹úõ𣿡

, Ӿܣմε
ְ첻ְȥ, ɫԣͿʼգ

ֻյò, Ǹ˵ҩ, ˯֮ǰ˵ܵˣǾѰ˼ûˣ

ֿ֪ʼգҪȥ磬˵ɶҲϣһ͵ݡְǣ

ջæȰ
󲮣ǧ룬Ҳżⶼ⣡ҶѾȥӲ賵ˣȥ, ʱ룬ƾܺˣ

ԸҲãɻżϻʱӦעⱣ壡

˵䣬һĻд̺־󲮡֦

һ̧ϳջһȥ
һֱ͵˴ϡ

̣ڼҰҴ󲮣Ǿͻˣ

ջ۵ǵֶ̣Ա߿ЩʧĴǸ
ûˣֻܵ´Σ

Ǯǿнüζ˵ԼҲȥջҡҡͷ
ûϵģֻҪû¾ͺã

˴ҴҴкջʹѾԵԱߣܿʻ˴ӡ

ֱٿӰӣ˲ߡ

ǮʶʱʱĻͷ뿪ķۣûע⵽ʱҲеۺͲᡣ

ϲ

ͻȻһǮһ̧ͷŷСһֱԱߡ

ǮСֶͺһ䣺ϲϲ磬㣡ְ֣裡

ǮһȻСﺰʲô˼ܾöԷ˫Ĵ۾ܿ͸Լ˼

ôأ

Ѿǰһ̵ˣ̲סʵ
С㡭ǲʲô

СͷһȻָ̧Աߣ
ϲ

Ǯ˳ָķ˹ȥֻһӡ㶫ˡҴܣĵһ仰ǣ

Ǯʦʦأ

ǮƷСĻһ˳ڵ
ȥҽԺˣ

˵ʲôôˣ

ŶԷ˲飬ǮȻСոյ˼ԭλʦϲ

û£粡ˣղĸնһ͹ԺˡŸոߡ

ɫԻǮлһԵСк
Сؼң

С￴ԱߵǮ룬ҡҡͷ
̣
˵꣬һ̵ȥ׷ǰȥˡ

εɫۿҰˣҲ̧ܿŸȥ

ǮɫҴңæסʦǲȥǣ

û˿ԥĵ˵ͷ

ʲôʱȥ

ȰɽϲɵҰ˸ȥȻߡ

ǮԵ
ʦҸһȥ

ջһ˺ܿ쵽˹ԺŽŹ˸

ԺĴϸһ飬˵ǵÿ͵üʱҪ&zwnj;ճɷˣ

һ밲˽ֹһƿΣҽʱҽԺ۲죬ҪϲͿԻؼˡ

СʱҩЧʼãҲ˵㣬˻ǻ˯š

šʪëӷϣŶ̶һ˲ٵĴӣ̲סۿ

ջٲְοһ

һת۵磬ջӹֱУ㵽Ժʳÿȥ˲֪˼ʳֻӦԺҽʿ⿪š

ڸмҹӪСԲջԭЩӡͷϧȥˣЩûˣ㣬ʦֻ֮򵥵ġ

ΪüҲûɶģջ͸ͶһҪһ棬ԼݵĶԸһڡ

ʦԱ˵һ͸æԺͶȥԷ

ﲻȥֻջȥԡ

ջ˵˵ȰͶȹȥ

˴Ͷֻʣջһˡ

촽ΪѾƤ͵ֵĻʿ˶ԷһˮǣһװǵĿղƿ˳Ҫһƿˮһǩ׼ȥ촽

ֻ߻زſڣͿǰĻסˣ

ĺѴ֪ʲôʱģڴߣһ˫۾Ŵ磬ߵſڶûз֣

ջһеĵǺʵ̫ˣ

ٿȻǰ϶ԷԼҪһδʱӣ

н뿪ʱǸʧ顭

ԭԭΪ

˾ȻǴ磡

ջ֪ôݴ˿ĸоǸʱӦóȥúѵĸԽԽ

ΪʹΣδҪԵʵ̫̫ˣ

&zwnj;˶ʹ࣡

ϣһĴ磬һõѣֻһϣһ˾Լ

˿̣ջĺңԼܹ侲һƽһû

Լȣ֪ô죬ˡ

ǵʶ˵ʱ򣬱ȴһĨůȶȡ

ͬʱһֻ˺۵Ĵ̽һסֻװˮĲƿ

ȱȥ

ֱϤڶߵ͵ջɣӷӦ˺һԡ

һܿſڸջ뿪˶Էֱ۵Ĵӵ̧ͷʶԷ
޴磬Ǻʹһģ

ɵ˵ͷȻϿ֪˿̶ôӵסԷǶ̶̼ʱ䡣

޲ʱܾʹͣסÿҪѹֲסǷǿҵĸˣ

ڼǮֱ׵İ

컻Ҳһ

Ըļ裬ΪֻҪһ룬۵

ջһֱҺ黹ԽԽأʲôһ㣬̲סʵ
޴磬ôˣǳʲô𣿡

ɻعæҡͷ
û¡ʦôˣ

ջ磬Ҹ룬˵ñȽϼʱӦûʲô⡭

һ𲡷Ĵһʱֲ֪˵ʲô

ȻҲ˿̵ķգҲûٿڣֻĬĬվһ

֪ܲôˣջ뵽극ҪĴͶ磬Ǿȥһºѡ

»صۼҪſڵʱջͻȻ޴磬ǼŹ&zwnj;ûгзԸࡣ

˲˼Ҳϵ
ϳԵҪǮʦӦûûأ

ҲǵġѡãջٴλصʱǮѾ뿪ԱߣվӴǰλá

ֻǣȦе㷢졣

һջһǰ
ոȥĶˣҺʦʱֻԼղĸͶأ

ջװûԷ۾ʹͶȥԷԼʿҪˮƿ촽

޴üȵСԲԵ㶫ɣ

ǮʱҲȳȥҸطһ˳Ƶ
ҵȥЩӪƷɡ

ջû˳Ƶ˵ͷ

ȻǮ˵ȥȻҲҪȥ

˳ţǮԼһҪЩǸ
ʦˣ˼

ɵ
ûϵҲ뷨

ٻʱ򣬸ﶼŵġͷƷҲѾˣǸˡǸжæý

Ǯһݣ۾ͲܿƵһǱ߿

һĻĵջУⲻһӡ

ֻԼĺѣ˿ûһ˵ĿҲʼû뿪ϡ

һĵĴӣһֿѵɵֶŮͬʱŮҪ˵Ĳᡣ

ΨԼɶҲԼҴһ

ۿһƿҩľʣ׶ˣת

ʮָˣæΧȥڸоΡ

ߵˣҪ˵ȴڿվǮʱ¡

ȻҲܿ죬Ŀ⼸ֻںߵͣһӣ㵭Ȼƿˡ

衢硢СöԲǵˣ
˵ţҲһԵ¶һԴǸЦ

æ
ӣ˵ɵֻҪúõģǾ͸ˣ

Цŵ˵ͷİɣ裬ͦõģ

ʹͷս˶ӵ֡

ǰڵ̫ˣҲֻ˵˼仰ٴγ˯ȥ

ʿʱָˡ£ʮ߶ȣڵա

ʿΪǰջһǣӡ󲻴ǿֱӸҽҩ֮ؼ

Ժզȷûɶ⣬ͿƬ˽ؼˡ

ǲ࿪ԺҩƷţʱһ룬ҪյʮȣҲǲġ

ôһæµʱҲˣջǮ̫ۣȰֱӻֳᣬǻȥˡ

ǮҲΪ֮ǰǸ䵭ĿĻţ֮ǰܴӶԷԼпע⡣

ɽһۣ˵ĮʲôûУ



ΪȥϿε½Ե

һʱûǰգֻ˳ƴӦ˺ѵĻ

Ǻãղĸ硢ʦҾȻعˡ

˶٣ֶϵ
磬ϣտ

ϵ˫Ŀûһ㷴Ӧ

æ
⺢һҹû˯̫ˣлл㣡´ﻹըԣ

ǮǿЦЦ˵ټˡ

ջǵĿźȥıӰܾźѵıЩ&zwnj;û׷ȥʡ

ȥ·ϣǰ߸

ջʹﻹǷࡣ

Ȼѽ£һ绹ͦġ

ջһֱ˯䣬һ±ӣϸ˸ǡ

һŷִһֻ߬űӣ

Ѵһֻ֣Է۾

˫ѵ۾ջʲôףԭһֱװ˯

ɴΪʲôҪװ˯ѵ֪ĸ飿

ջһʣһڲͷǰ˵ĴջûǺ˱ӡ

ƽã΢΢ЦЦٴκ

ܿ쵽˼ңһֱڼҽƵȴ̺մ󲮼ôͻˣ˵ûɶ£˿

մȥ˳ߴһүүԹһˣҲŵŶأ

СҲڣհͻؼңûþˣ

ɣǸ³Է

ԼǷûµģһԱջ˫Ư۾־Ҳ᲻˵ˡ

ɰһ㶫ˣҰֻڶɽϸݡеާˣΪһɵĻƹҲлƹ㡣

㶫ζӪֵܸߣѵõɽ䣬һ㶼ϲӻӡ

̻ؼȡһ⣬ڣմˮ档

ջ绹ûȥⱧֻ֣һ˫ѾԽֱӳ׼ҪõĲ

ջͷҲˣæ
޴磬Ҿˣǿˣݣ

ϼĶͣһ˫۾ȴֱֱĶҲ½ľ֡

ջأûͷûԵ˵һ䣺
Ҳǿˡ
ͱŲˡ

ջЩĪǿʲô

˵ıӰ̲ס˺ÿüͷܾ˴Խש֮󣬶̬Ⱦһֱֵֹġ

ǰʱŸȻżҲЩֱķӦȽ

ھ׽ˣ࣬ݲĸʱĿŲӣѵĳ˴

ʱ˵ЩʲôɰҲϿڣ

ҲǶԷڻǿڵʱ

Լ˵ʲôأ

ջ̲סԼʮľһ飬ﲻ˸Ʋ⡭

Է᲻Ǹ糤һ֪Ǳϵ

ʵһֱ־ҲѾ֪ʲôҪȻǶʱ־󲮲Ե޹ͻȻôţ

Ȼ־֪үҲ֪

£ٶһ֪ǱϵһҲ֣

ҲԷһֱͼչмӣҲΪõǱߵи

Ͼ֮ǰ־˵޴ЩȻڴܻͦӭʵϲʼձŵùҹû̬ȡ

Ի᲻˰ʲôô

뵽֮ǰԷΪȥֿ󲮣˫ֶ˳һжʹǾ̫С֮ˡ

ȥǾȰ·£糤ʱá

Ҳ˱˵뷨ĶõˣҲһرԷͬģֹڴˡ

ͨЩջٴʱʱΪԷоЩ΢󣬱ø̹Ȼ󷽡

ȻȴĬˣζĹ㶫ȣȴֻ

һ̣ûþʹСؼˡ

ȴڸп
⺢ǸˣóԵö࣬Լˣ

ҲЦ
˭˵أ㿴ǲעⶢûôϡˣۼɵŮһûأ

˵ӣҲۼԣǳԶˣûøʣţһ׼ֵøһ

ȴҡҡͷһķ
ܣѧУϿˣ԰£Сӿ϶һɽȥ

˵꣬ϱ͵͵

һԵ̺Ǹ´˵ĻЦģӵ͵䣬ֲ˼ֻͱԱߵϵ
֣˵̺Ͱ˵ɶôֺǰҲȥ

մ󲮿Ǳ˵Цϱأһ䣬˲ʱ󱳾һƣ
ɶ㶼ŶɵƵģϽˮӣ

˵ֱ죬ɻĽջȥˡ

ջԱߣŷĻȴϰдһ仰
磬ǲ֪ϲ㣿





70.      Ŀһ֡


Ŀһ֡

ΪΪʲôҪװ˯, ҲѾ͸Щù˼

ǲһģúг׼ֻû뵽ӭĲõķԺ͹Ȱ, һ׵Ļ

Ҳϲ

ԭҽԺһۿԷʱ, ⾹, ǲĴ
ԭҲϲ

һ, ԼҸ, Ҹ޵ʹ, Ǿǰδе㡣

ջעԼĴ, ֱ¶Ʊϲ, ŻȻ, дһС

, ǲҲϲ

ûгɵĵ˵ͷֱõд֡

ϲ

ջ۾һ, д֣ʶѿڵǡ

տͷ, ̺ʹ󲮷ͽˡ

, ûգܲ

ջʶϰȥЦ

öˣƽˣ

̲ģǺʹ߹ȥĶͷ֣ȷ¶Ȳ̫ߣŷ

ֶŮڿӵĻ̺մ󲮵
Ǹྰɣ⺢ӽ쾡˯ˣ񡣡

ϱȥݵӣůͰ԰ӺԼҿĲ˵ϡ

ֻʣ, ǾôһջҲ侲

˼Ÿڲźã˵ʹѵõı˴⣬ɰǰֱǵһԿԽ

һ𣬲һ£һô˭Ҳ֪Լδô˵·ͱѰ˸߼

ңһ룬ʹʶãദʱж೤ʱ֪Ľٰܹ֧Ǽȥ

ܿеǣֱд
ģʲô¶ᷢҺܡ

ջǾ䡰ܡٿŴȻЦš۾ʹͷһᡣ

ȰԼģ˵δ漣ɻߣԼҲô԰һֶ˵

˱ʡַµӣݵ̺ĸ׶϶˵ûжд֣Լ
үѾ˴ܶԴⱲ֪ˡͺá

ϣջڿϣŴ¹⣬ԺﷴѴ˵һδʱڴӣԼ΢ЦŸͺáʱ˵񡭡

ľͺ

õѺʹ綼Ҹ

Ϊͷһ˯ջڶþЩ١

һӾͿһ㶫ˣȵ
̣Ķģ

Це
ǳ͵£

ȥˣջͿۼſڷһҰˣ˵ǳģ

ջæôûзգ

˵ͦԺĿڵһÿˮĹ㶫תת̲ס̣
̣Ȼ㵽ֻˡûˣôô϶޴ģ

̾Ц
ɵѾͷ㿴ӣ

ָ̫̫װҰ˵ıԵϵŵһССɫ
޼ҵĿ𰡣˳Ӷ͹ٻضˣõòһ𣿡

ջԼڳõıϰһ첼ǺŵϰߣŻȻ

ӡˣ۲½ˡ

ջѧУԺ󣬱ɵлţԷҲ֪ôˣĻʮүүȫ̽

ջ

鲻ãӦûɣ

˼ҽ绹ǼһóԵҰˣʡʾһ¹ĺҲ˵ȥ

С
޴磬㿴̫ãʲôѴ𣿡

ɿڶŮ۾֮ǰԼʱ¶ԼһĨӡ

˫۾ҵȻ̹ϡκ͹УΨû뿴һ˿ߣ

׷ʲôͻȻԼƻصһͨǿһЩλã

ĺСúÿ˼

ҲԼϲҪΪʲôûԷ

˿½ģԷЦЦûʲôܾǽ̫磬Եû񡣡

ջæ
Ϊɽɹ㶫˵Եʰɣһûлллһˡ

ûʲôҿͦԵģϵɽף˳Щ

ջһ˵׵£ȻȻ뵽˷ɷɡ

һμɷɣǰֻǴΣҲ֪ôûΣա

һı֪ڵʲôһᣬο
ڵֻ꣬ҵⲻ󡣡

ɽҲΣҲϹһЩõ壬ѧúܿ죬ûôױ׽ס

ջʱϲѣһ˫ŶԷʵĸл
޴磬̫ллˣ

ʹٶĿɬֻҪһԼһҲˮֻ˳ƹ˹ǣ߶ԷԼɽһֻ׺١

˵˻ջԷƺ֮ǰôƽ˳ưԼһֱڿǵһ뷨˵Է̽һ

֮ǰ⵽кܶɶˣпɣȴԸͼŮѧ

һЩ¾ɹһʱ׸ģҲӲ˼ҰѺͲһ뷨֯ѧٰһЩĽλ

ڰϾһναѧѡ֪ʶ㣬н⣬ȫͶƱѡʤߡ

Ȼ⼸ʤΪȫ˽ΣڶֱôĴڣǵĽǷϸ

Ϊ˹Ҳܻ룬ÿϹεѧ׼СƷ

ÿһѧΣѧУʦѧεεĴ񷢳ʡ

ǻشȷõһֵСƷ

ѧǽεĳɹ׼ԼһֵĽƷʣ

ʣԽ١һʣ߽ձʤõĽƷ

ͨܹѧѧϰҵĻԣҲȫμӹεʽЩûڽĺǵõѧϰĻᡣ

뷨֮ǰͲˣֻΪŴʹ˯ţԺ͡

Լ뷨ɣΪѧУΨʦԷ

ɼǸȫ幫Ρ⼸֣Ͳ³⣡

ǰ˶ΪԷʹϻ۶۷

˵˵ûĸףţΪڳСʱͰиһƷݣ

ЩòãҼͣǱݸϳ˼š

ڼ֮ǰһֱΪԷԼһΪ񲻹ʹ޲̵˶ɢһ޶ԣ

ˣ

Ƕʹ硢⿪ɽµӳɽһ绷ζӣԼļǿ¸ȥӦԡıһУ

ò԰εõƷʡ

ôܲȥϲأ

뵽ЩɣȻͶԶԷٳ޷Լһ㣬ͻˡ

޴磬뷨ôеͨ𣿡

˶˫Ϊ۾

ûϵͲɣ

֮ǰΪĬĬŵǰ㣬Ըһӡ

ҾúܺãȫʵУǽ˿Σһȥүүմǣ뷨˵˵

ջû뵽ԷԼУתһ⼯幫Խ翪չûĺǾԽ棬ͷ
ãǾȥ

£ĿμϢʱöһЩϸڣͷֱȥү־󲮡

ү־󲮶ǳأҲǸɨä˶Զʾ˴֧֣

˸ֱջӲԸⱨһЩСƷ֧ջĹ

ջûͬ⣬ȱǮڳеɺǮĹʣȻй粹ȴ

ӵĹʽҲԴļ룬ʵִ󲿷ִԸ֮ǰнıƱҪһʱ䡣

ԵʱΪ˱漰ĽƷãô

ҲĬıʾԸջһеЩ

صѧУ󣬵ĿϣջԼİ༶ҪнαϢ

ƽССʦݾǵʦΣҪڰｲҪȥȫ˽

̾ը˹егԾԾԣеĵԼãվڽ̨ǰ

֮۷׷ף˵ʲôĶУһ

ǵ༶ѡʤҪμȫĹһѡջȡԸ

뱨ĺһڿ¿κҰ೤Ȼ׼Ҫ֪ʶݣڶϰϿʼеһѡ

սȫͬѧͶƱѡʤߣμӺȫ幫

ΪΰӵĺǲϿû죬ιȲμӡ

һڿ¿κ󣬺һ¾ͰѰ೤ﰮΧס˶뱨μӡ

ϾӮñнƷò˵ڰԼҵڵȫǰ¶ͳͷ

ϱкӶ࣬һ壬ʮѧȻʮҪμӣ

ջһôຢӲμӣһڿαʱ϶ͰһĿθϰεһ£һʱб

ĥ˱򣬻ؼҺջһŽƷӣȥɹƷ

һŮҪڴ콲δЩûѧĺҲΣ̫̫ｾظŮ֤°á

ڶ磬һ㲻һİ༶ѡʽʼˣȻβμӲ˱ҲɵĴۿ

ôԹ󣬰༶Ҳʼ

ջÿѧӵĽʱ䣬ܳʱʱ뱣֤һ֪ʶ㽲

˳ձ˳˽һδμӱѧͶѧһͶƱѡǾýõѡ֡

ʼеĺӷȶһ࣬Сﰮ

еĺӼææû˵ɾѹûһϵ֪ʶйأղ̭С

еҵӣ̨ɸɰͰͰѧ֪ʶһͷβȵ̨ʱԼȥɶȥˣڵֱԼ͡

֮һļҽѡﰮС硢󱦣ԼƽʱҲܲĺӡ

ջѧֱ䷢һСƷ罫μһֵĹαʱǽȫ˽Σ

ʱһξ͵˵ڶ磬Сʦıӡ

ү־ʱత֪ͨһ飬ŶģûɶСʹˡ

ڵջԽεƬӲǰĿյϾС

øɸɾĺڰ屻ǰ棬мһſŴһñֽƴһдšɽСѧһ졮Сʦδ

ǲʶ֣ǲǰһŽƷ˸

ֻˢˢһŵǦʡƤüϰռСˮǣмλûֻ֧ڹɲϿĸֱʣ

Ȼиֱʣ

ѽⶫڹ˵Ҳһһֵ֧Ǯˣ

üһⶼ൱үɽµľͷˣ

ֱӾͱ֧סˣľۿˣ

˵⽱ƷѧУʦǴճģ

ѧУʦǲʦͳ𣿰ѽѽûǮǰԼĹʴ˰ɣ

˭˵أҺӻȥ˵ˣ˵ʦܺúѧϰ֪ʶˡ͸ˣˣ

һ˵ŵҲû̶˭Ҫ˵һЩƷе˷ǮûզȲˣͺ

˷ɶǼȻǱȻ͵вͷҪȻƾɶðǼҺվǰͷǵ￴

ô˵Ҳ

˵ҵģ˵ͱ˵ǰΪ־кοģ
˵ʦͳҲһһΪǺӺãǴ飡㵱˭Ƶģô͸ѪĲӬƵģʹȥһڰ

һɤӹ˸͡

˫һǺǺΪѲڣûͦһغϣͽǸ´Աûˡ

ͬʱһܴͣ˾ɽ岻׵·ߡ

Ӻ½ˣһʮ/Ũü۵̾װˣֱǰ渱ʻȰѳһͻͻ¿ӭ

үү˵ǰɽˣ





71.     ʼÿѧʱ

ʼ, ÿѧʱΪʮӣȻмʻڡ

Ϊ֪нƷãöر档

ջҪһЩŮʣ˾֧Ǧʻһϰ, ˾ͽˮǡ

˺, ĻԽԽ, Щ, ̨ϽεСʦ

ò˵Ҳȷʵѹס, ˿ʼʱֵĽ, ÿĿİ, ȼŵȷʵһ, ܿ, ʼѾ

õС, ̨󷽣, Ҳãеջķ, ˵˵һº

, ջʱشֿ׼ɹСһֵʽƷõųɼһֱֻ׵֣

˵⺢־һӵŵ㣬һ׼гϢ

һҲˣڵµһŵλã⻰ϱǫ˵޽Ҳ, ϵЦȴôղס

ѧǽŵĴҲ棬һжջǰ˳

ֻۿŵĸѧ꣬ջ׼ʵʱȺһͻȻһ

ѾͷզأǽǻؼҸɻ𣿡

һɤӰ˶һ

ȥֻɶĵ²ڵĺɶ

ֱִ˵ǰĽƣǶˣ

ԱɶϵģǰסԼˣֻǱ²һɣŵһԲҶˡ

²Ŵˣأͣ
ݴ԰Ӷ𣿻¿֣ɶ£ʹӹؼҸɻȥ

ջüͷү־󲮣ȴûλϣ

׼ԼڣȴֹȻȻȻߵǰ棬
²壬ʲô֪ͨǶӲľҪֱᣬαú

²ֱӱ仰ҭ£ЩĵɣӲ
СɱϹ˵ԶӲûô


Ҳ֪ûֻ֪ղŶִŮӴӸղžһֱΡشʦ⡣

ֶ֧ӲĹƾʲôִˣҪǻؼңһ˵ԶӲûѣ

Ա߾˵
²ţɶ˳ѧ֪ʶнƷãⲻͦõ㿴´໺еģˣ

ǰҴɶһ˵øƷأϢ㻹ִɶ°

²һ⡰¡ĴñӾҪԼˣָƿڴ
޵˸ӣǲʹզأǰԼĺӣʹ˭ܹܵţ

ҹܵţ

Ȼƽһӵ

ֻһһͻͻӵͷȺֱ߳²ŸǰͷӣԱ߽һĬĬɶÂz

ղ˵ģԼĺӾʹ򣿡

²żԷȻһŴԼ࣬ǲ֪Ϊɶرͷһʱƶ˼֡
ǡǰզģ

ͷָɶ
㣬ҽʮСӣ//ɣӵԴ˩ڿƴƴսΪЩǹϺӣǵûĸ

ɲΪûʹģӸ㣬ЩӶδĺӣٸ㶯ԣϾܰȥͽȥ

Ҳߵ̫նҲǴۼķһľȻйǺ糤ү־Ҳվһԡ

ʱµ߲һˣһʱѻȸ˭˵ˡ

²ʱҲˣ϶ð˺

ϱһ˵Ҫ²ȥͽ̣Ҳսսǰͷ
˼кã˳˵˵Ժ󲻸Ҵˣץ

ͷüͷ˿
޵裿

²ϱͷ

ͷְ
⵱զ£ô˵ô˵Ů

ԼͷǶʮ˰ɣôĥһ㲻ۣ˼飡

ϯ˵ˣŮܶ죡⵱ģӲͷƬһӶݶ

²ϱֱޡ

ͷޣ̾˿˼ָ֣²ţֵ

ɶ뵱ǴСǻ浽Σʱ̣Ůͬ־սɱˣĸүǲˣ

ȻҲ˿ҾǸٸӣŮһؼԼ

ţתͷԴ
үǣо۾Ͷɵ㹤֣Ůͬɻźԡź㴩۵ҪҲû˵Լźˣģ

иŮͬ־ǣԺ˭ҪٸҶִǺͺӣǾȥ棡ӹܲ˵ģҹ磬ܲ˵ģٹܲ˵ңǼ棬ҾͲŸ治Ӯ

ǾĵģΧš

ջȴĳȣ̲סվڽ̨ǰ˼˵úã
Ȼ

ջһĸŮǻعҲŹ

ЪһֱûǺ糤ǰ

糤һ仰ǣ
ղŶϡүӵĻ˰ɣҺҲһ仰ңǾүӵ˼ǵ˼

ΧĸŮһҹƣ

ٸŮжżɣˣվߣΪ˵һ乫ˡ

ʱҲԹ޹Ҳſ

ɵȴǵֻйԮ͸᧿ΣĴһδεֻʧܡ

ÿÿܲĥʱһ赭дġáڸǵеĲʹ

˾֮£ҲŲȥˡ

ԣҪϿɺ͹裬Ҫ˸

ⱲͶ̥һˣ˭ҪĵĻ

ŮֽкãһҲơ

Ա˾ðײ¹ƵˣС
ɶƣǰ淭찡

˳Ĭһ˲
ΪҲйŮ

⻰þջУĪЩж

Ҫıһֳ¾ɵĹһ͵£Ҫ˲ŬҲҪԸɡ

ŮǰɶôһԣҲ˰οһֱڿ޵²ϱ

ֻ²Լ˪ӣͷԵһԲ֨

Ů˿ϵˣ׵Ҳݻһӡ

ɶŽ֣һ˫۾ˣոҪǽţֿ϶ȴ

ŮǿŽô϶¶ѹı飬̲סݵ²һۡ

ջ״æ
λҼҩ࣬ôȸȥҼҲҩɣ

æͷ
Զԣߣ

û뵽Լȴҡҡͷ
ʦлл㣬ۣѱ꣡

ջŮеļ֣ҲЩۣͷ
ãΣȱȥҩ࣡

æ֣С
ˣʦƽʱѾû鷳ˡ

ջû˵ʲôֻͳԼ촽ߵѪְοһɶļ

׼ȥ糤ǴкȻȥֱʱλүӺȻ˹

Сͬ־ʦʲô֣

ջλүǰһͦкøеģ΢Ц
үүãɽСѧʦջ

үӸҪӻԱ䲻һԵ

ãȻգôʦ

ջˣֻԷʮ塢ͣͬһʮӢ

Ŀƫе㻵ͣЦʱһഽǻһСѣĻִ˵Ʀ

Ʀʵ˶Եòôƫƫֱͦм˫۾ڰ׷ջ֮£ȻĪ˼иС

ԼԷЩ٬Ҳû¶õԷ͵
ΪϲʱˣҲϰ߽ʦˡ

үӲ˵ȥԴһ£תͶջЦе
Сӡˣһûҽأҽִ󸣡

һԵ֮ٴ
ãҽ֮ʮڲӵԽҴ磬磬ߴ磬ĸУ

ջֱӱһ硱˵ͷΣҲԼʱе㳤ˣﲻ˶߿ء

Ǳ̨߽ϣһ۰Ͱ͵Žεѧ

ԾĪǰֵһһЩøУûôʱ亮ѡ

ֻǻûڣɾͲ֪ʲôʱ߹վԣ֮
ǸλʦһҪֽαҪȻȥˣ

ʱһֱǱ߸˵糤Ҳˣ⻰æ
ԡԣȱǸˣҲ֣֧ѧУĻ

Ȼ쵼ô˵ˣջȻҪ˳Ӧ£Ͻȥѱȥ

ջߵ̨֮ǰ̣ѡˣѸһѧݱһһʣɹͳϰˮǡ

һѧ̨ջߵ̨һλãɾ˹

ջҲԷл

ղ²ͻȻ£Уʣûɻס֮ǰͷ

лû˵أԷ䲻һ䣺
ǸֵĽˣ

ջ˵ֵģʶȺǱүӵλÿۣүҲأ

һһٻͬʱֿ죬¶һЦݣȻЦôôɵ

ջ

ĬĬջĿ⣬ɵԼҲ̲ס䴽ǡ

ЦˣԵɸӲˣ촽Ҳһߡ

ˣ

ֱԷǿһΣջŷӦ⻰ָ֮Щ
޴磬ô֪ˣ

ɼƺͦǿ䣬͵
ָиָǽָĴ

ջЩ죬˷Ÿ̶֮һ棬ܷ˼ָϴŽָʵǹ۲ˡ

̲ס̾
޴磬ã

˵Ŀ佱ﰵһϲ

ͬʱջĵҲһ˿ǡ

ɸ߹游ĸйָ֪Ĵ֡

֮˵ǸͨˣҿҲȷרŽܹѵġ

ֻ֪ǲεģȻݼڼڼҲû˹ܣͨҲγŰ

ԷȻŽָߣǾ޿֣˵ĺͱֳȫͬ

ǸүӣһƺʹҲ̫ìˣͲԼдš⡱ĸˡ

ջٴǶ˻ʱʱԼ߿糤ǾվԱߣ

̲ס۾һ˻վ쵼޷Ӧ

˵ǰү˵ǷĻʱһֱڳȴֻһ̬ѡ

ʵ̫ˣ 

ôһݲͻȻɽĿʲô

ջüʶԵɣ
޴磬Ǳߵּô

ɱΪ˿佱Ըˣһ䣬ֻ˻Ǹֵģи˲ɢһ롣

Ƕô

ȻǲôǸӣһ˻ЦðëͷСӣʵôôۣ

Ȼش𣬵ɻ̲ס

Ҿ˼ȻˣӦþ࣬ͺܴʱ򣬾ͱԼԵôΪϲ𣡡

ջ

˵ϵģСģ

һߣִ󸣺֮Ⱥأ֣۰Ͱ͵ǰͷ̨ӱϵŮ/á

֮Сп
үүóÿҲã治֮ã

ִҲ̵
ǣóø̫һģһǿģ㿴ͷеӵɫǶ̫̣

ף
ͻȻ䣬֮Ƿʲô۾УЩõ
үүҴӸղžر⣬ԱСӵ˭ղŻųôѿ˭ߴյģ

ִ󸣵Կݣ
˵ѿҲڣһ£ϳүǼһˣҲûɶ

ȴ󷽵ĸԷ˸һˡۺ󣬲ſ϶
⻹ʣ£ôƯкûոСӹʱ˫۾޲ðͷ̽ŵװ壬ǰ㵱ˣ

֮˴°ͣЦûࣺ
ע⵽ҲϾеĿⶼҪҵıãСӾȻҴõ⣬͵ȹأ

ִϵ
Сӣ°ɶģûܳɹӽǰ۵עߵʡģ

֮¶˸Źֵı顣
үү磬ղһĵľٶ⻹ߵ

ִһ㶣Ҳ˲ϿŮˣͷ֮קһû˵ĵطӾһƣܻ
СӣզңϺͿҲһͿˣһҲŪȥˣ

˻һѣŴ©ݣⲻϹӵư׷𣡡

ҿСӾǹģȸҺããС򣡡

үүੲݣ֮ȴһ̬ûЦټ
үү˵ĲҾǹⲻһװѰͨˣ

ҲͰְһʼĵȴţС˵ģʵǸְһִӣ

ܴľһҲڲͬ˶µʲô𣿡

һ̵ֱˮĥԶֻͣԼĿԸǣ

ԸǾһ£һ̯еĿ˵жôЩε





72.     ΪʶĿ͡


ɽСѧһ조СʦαԲ, Сһӻȫѳɼɹ糤԰䷢˽Ʒ

ûõŽѧҲֱյǦʡƤϰĹ

̨οѧ֪ʶеĻõ˽Ʒֵ, νԴϲ

λҲõ˹Ǻ糤Ŀ϶

ǰ佱ʱ, ջԼӸɲ˱, ٽ, Ļһֱٰȥ

˹Ŀ϶, ɶԺջڴ˶ʶṩ˱

ͬʱ, үӺλ쵼Ļ, ҲƵĸŮͺ˼ֵ

ջͿвٸŮΧ֦ߡ

ǴһֱûиŮ, Щ漰ŮĹһ㶼֦ǣͷ

ҲϿ֦, ֻΪ־󲮵ŴӳԵ, ˶֦ٵŮβã˱ˡ

˲֦ô, ʱ䳤ˣЩ䵽֦ϡ

ջžͲ, Ȼ֦ôʺ, ҲûΪ־һҾ͵βְλ

йɲڣүԼĽ飬ȴѴӵĸŮξʹѡ

ڴ˵Ժ˭и޲͡ϱìܣҲǣͷȥȰ⡣

Ҫǣ˸ŮΣͿڴӽʽĸ׻С飬ܸõİЩòƽԴĸŮͺǡ

үһֱ˵, ȥʾλɲϣ򣬽ֱôѴӵĸŮѡ

糤ǵʾͬ⣬үҲû־󲮳棬ԼջɾͰˡ

һɴѡˣں֦֣ԸŮǵ

үһⶼѡˣ糤˵ɴֱӰ˶ˣʱ໵һɤӣԼԼ

һ¾ˣ˾Ц
ҵģǱˣԼԼһ˺ã

дʵ
ɶоͰһˣǰˡӣаѾǲ

˾ʹ֣
㣡ͷˣԴ϶Ҫˣ

ܲݺݵ裬
ܼǣӲˣϽ£

谤ֱвǲںŷҪμѡ١

˳ԳȡģǸӣҲøϻֱӰд˺ڰϡ

ͬѧм䣬ͷ̧

ʣ֦ＸȫƱͨٵ˴ӸŮһְ

ȴֻõһƱһƱǱͶġ

費ͶƱǺҪͶһΣܲ˵Ӳקؼȥˣ

ѡٽ֦ｲ䣬֦Ҳ𣬴󷽷ǰ
λǣ֦лл𰳣ðŮΣ

ģԺһĵŮΣΪ¡£ǽɶţԣΪ񣡰֦ԺΪ񣡡

֦һ˵꣬¾һƬҵ

ɽעһڲͬӣһֵĽα;һλʮͷүӣֹ²ţдźԭҲģͷҲܵģ

ţѡ˸ŮΣռҳӸɲֶŮСѧУСŮҲ˱Žһ˿治ǰ׸ģ

Ǿ仰զ˵ţ˱˵Ȼӣ

֮ⳡֱӰбɢȥڽζţռ˼ȵ㻰⡣

ͬʱñαĶջҲջһȫ벻ġ鷳

ѽӰǲ˼㿴Ҿյˮ࣬һûע⣬Ͱѹ©ˣ

үûԷˣ㿴ܲܽҹʹ

ջվڴ⣬ѧؼҵһۼľλүǼ֪ʲôˣ

Դ֮˴үǰסջҸڡ

ڱһƾɵϷӣѾʮˣãʱ

ү־ǰʱסӲģҪס

ү־û취ֻôһ£үסȥ

ȻջͿÿŽ趫顣

ǰûдУ

ͷᷢ棬棻

ˣֱӹ©ˣ

ջ˳ŴӴݵصүӣǼɫߴ϶һ顢һ飬˺ü׻ң

ͷҲģִֻţʱʱ̧ø첲

һ˵ᡢί¶̣˵Ҫȥһǿ¹

Ա֮ȻϡһɤӣŶӣһʹ

ˣүүҵθ۰ǲǶˣ

үϵǰһѷסӣŵ
ҵӰүүãٷãﰡ

ջ

һæ
ִ󲮰żҼа棬͸ߦ&zwnj;԰ɣ

ִɿ֣Ĩ˰Ȼɿ¿ڴͳһǮƱ̣
ӰǾ鷳ˣŴлˣŵͣٵεףСӵ˾ˣ

ջ&֮

ֱӶסˣǮƱǺܿعָԷ˻ȥ

ʹãִ󲮣ԴסҲûٸöˣֻǳԶ棬ҪǮأ

ʵԴ˸ڣ;ԡС˹ͷ̷۸㣬ԲˡҪˡ
Լ̫࣬ıӰգǰһԡȵȷ˼ɣջ̼Ͷס

ִ꣬Ҳټ֣Ƕֱֵ
ǴӣҰջɣ

ˣҪҪһ밡СҪˣ⺢һεöడҪСǷȲȸСɣ

գһĨȻ

֮æүүʹɫ
үүǸϽѧѧڼԵҶճǽˣ

ִ󸣷Ӧæһţֺõ
ԡԣӣҾͺúøѧѧ

̵ͷ׼ȥҨ棬һͻȻŮվڴ⣬¶ϲЦݡ
ˣ˵ţֱӭ˳ȥ

̣һˣջҲͬĻӦ

һԵִ󸣼״ҲҪ߸ȥӭȴ֮һקס

ӳԼ΢΢ҡͷүЩʧ䣬ֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿǶǵվһ

үүִ磡
ջòĴк̨ߵĲӿˣ׼ȥ

ãȥ

֮æԸ¸˹ȥʣүֱԼһѣ

ڲװ

֮öڵϣҲһı飬ʵڿɰĽ̲סûһ

СﶬǲǺ䰡

ջ˵ͷ
䣬ʮȡ

֮˳Ƶ
ûпǴ̵ůһĵط

ջֶ£ҡͷ
ҵļҵİְҲ뿪

֮նӳ˽õڱɽһɽϡ

Ӣŵˣ֮ľ⡣

ţû취ô͸뿪Ľ顣

λĸѾȥˣǧ֮ȴһλÿֻܳճտƬŮ˼


СǰһսѣִʱˡǰԸĹǻ˴󺣡

ѾˣЩսţͻ˵ţָָԼؿڡ

ÿʱ򣬾͸˵ϼ仰ȥʼհǣĺǣȥִǰδɵЩ񡣡

ջĬ

˵Ҳûּݡ⣬Ǿˡ

ƭԼҲ˶Է˼

컻˸˵ⷬһԷ⣬ɶΨбֳĬ

֮˵֪ټ⣬ҲٳһĬ

ۼŲˣȥãԷʵ
Σ𣿡

֮£ܿ
ãܹصĵҽԺһ£ʱΪԼ̫⣬үүĻ˵Ѫ㽻ѧˡ

ջʶԷϿۣﲻǸ

֮˲俴˼ӿһȸԾָԼصλõ
һ˵Ѫͺˣ

룬
ʵģΪǰ˹·ߣѾúܶˣͷǹֵ߹үүͰְˡ

֪үүﵽڻеƬûȡÿ껻ͱʱ嶼

ְ˺ۣǰλãʮôҶСʱһϴʱ򣬻ſ޹

Ǵÿֻ࣡ЩԼѫ£Լҫ

ջ۾ͻᶨ

ڰְ˵ᣬЩֵһҷ룬ҲӲڡһ־ᶨˣҲҼ¸ҵˣ

СΨֻһĵᣬǾǡ

ǸҪϿͲˣᵢˣ

ʱջͻȻ֮ĻһѱϵĲ𣬵ͷҴһݡ

ʣ֮վڲƦ˧¶һ˿Ц⡣

ãֻҪ㲻ȫ޶Ծͺá


һεգջǶķټȥһͳš

ǰһҰ޲˼㣬ͷһϲǽһʵ

ͷһ±õ䡢㣬Ҳֽãһװš

߹ľԶȻԭ·ƬСɽƽˣϾҪ˽һ͵ľļӹˡ

϶ѷŴʯͷשߺͰģʿ͹˶ڴæµžһʢ

ջվſһˣεһһ೤

೤պһʯͷԶͣ˳к

˵仰ջָԷϰࡣ

û뵽೤֪

ʳÿˣӦûа࣡ôţҪ⳵ʯͷʦϳҰȥ

ջæ೤лŶԷĳ˴һʱⷿǰ

೤ģܿһ˲ٺשĿⷿҵǮ


ôˣ

ſдֵǮһ۾ˣæ

ôԶ·һˣұˮˣȻȥҵˮ

ջæס֣
ˣһҲʣ

Ҹ˹㶫ڵĴӣ㰮Ե±⣬³Ե㣬ʡŰһˣ

˵ţʳһһóΪĲ࣬ŻйºҲӰڡ

ǮһѸԼôóԵģжѡ

ǲǰÿǵƱˣ

ջЦ
УҸ˻ģ˵ûÿдĶı߽ã򵽲Ʊˡ

ũʱͳָʣµȿɱʦ״ֱӷֳߣҲܻӦƱá

طƫƧûʳƷվǹΪ⣬ÿԺʣı߽ǲҪƱġ

ԴԺջͶԴһ⵭˵λ¡

Ϊ˱⻥¶ڣڴǰҲֻ˵ĶһҼĵģһԼ˻ġ

֪ɽ߹߱ɽɣǴûɹ

ջĻֱӾͼһŽУ
߽ϲźã䣬㣬ҪĽҵģ

ջЦָæһӣ͸֮ǰ쳢

֮ſʼʱⷿ

ⷿͦģҲʮּªҪѷŵĶשߡ

ΨһһŰ칫õľͰϴ£봰ӲŰš

ǲľϣ̫ɹ˺󱳣ͦů͵ġ

ƬĿ䵽Աߺѵϡ

һȦջܾûİӴأ

ŻŴɡ

Դ̸һκ֮ٹȥ̿εʱ򣬹ڴ£һֶû

˵ʱɫҲû˿ȫԷǸİһ

ɴԽԽܣ֪Ҫαװʲôʱ

ʵǿƭԼΪʶĿͰˡ

רĵĳŰӣջҲû˵ֻǿĴսǵӰͶǰ߸ߵĺשѶϣ̲ס˴

ﾲĵģҲ֪˶ãȻڶ˲

ʵ㿴˰ɣҡϲ硣





73.     ִ󸣱ŵ绰һϲɫ

, 糤ǰ칫ڡ

ִ󸣱ŵ绰һϲɫ
Сȷ׶Ǳ߸׳ţ˵Σ

һԵ֮һ, Ҳ۾һ, æչȥһ

ɵ绰Ǳ߲֪˵ʲô, ͬʱ¶ʧɫ

ִ
С, л㲻һ˵, ͷӰ׸˰죡

漴, ֱһ, 
ûϵֻһɵİ, Ҳԣռ˶ּд, ⺢һҪȫԸİҽΣ

绰Ƕ˵һ, үӾЦ
ǵȻ׳ҶӣȻһ뷨

ڵ绰˵˰, ֱ֮үүֱָָʾ˵̫, үӲ
, ȵɣ

СǧǵҪñܹҪȫİ׳ǱߵĴС鰴ʱ㱨ңҲñ֤Լ¶ڣ𣿡

ɶûţСҪô룬㿴Ŀɶǰ׳ϻعŮ԰ɣ

Ҫ뵽׳ĥĥհǰ˺ģǵ, ŮҲһ֪ˣǾ͵ڱһѣ԰ɣ

Сͬ־¹׳һԸһҪᶨģԼִеһٶΰ񣡡

ͷӷǳģţԣͣڴʤϢ

˵꣬ʮġžһҵ˵绰

ֱ֮ӸԼүү˸Ĵ硣
˾Ա⻹еίǱأ

ͨ˵绰糤ǲŴһԵС

˵϶Щһֹģ

үһϵ
ɵСӻأ鶼ˣӶţǳСҲΪǵģ

˶ЩЦã׳ΪеƬЩ궯ͷۣʵȴƫƫϲ˵֡

æ
׳ˣǸų֣Ǹղ֮˵ֻܴµʱ䣬Ҳ˴ˡ

ǾǵĵԺǺһʲô벻ִͨų֪ǵ£ҪٱԶĻɸĴ

үӱ˵
ǵ˼ףҸղڵ绰Сʵ˺ԶãҲҪ׷ˡ

糤Զһ㶡

һԵ֮Ҳ˵ͷ
үү˵Ķԣ塢壬ǱģǻҰ֮ǰԸռ

ǻףЩǴûһ̲

˿̣һһ϶¶Ϊ˵ļϡ
˵ľŬȥǷµľ;ȥֲ

ʲôҪԣּ˵ֵûС֣

ͬʱǧ֮ķǡ

Сҵ绰󣬾صĻص׳칫ԣԼķ䡣

ֻŽȥײһˣ

СղȥĶˣ

Сﰵп࣬һ뵽Լ׳£ʱĲȥԷ۾

׳ûûʲô

ֺԶĿԼĵĵľԱĿ

ȥ绰˰ɣ

Сһ˲ʱæ̧ͷԼ׳

ֺԶ
ҴӽԱһݵ绰¼ͨε绰ÿζϣҲûнκʱ򣡡

˵˵㵽׶ʲô

׳ǿѹСһ¾ʧȥǿŵֻʵʵ׳Сųºг

׳˵֮ͬ־ǸĹҪȥ˵֮ͬ־ǡ׳˵ʵҡҾ׳Сų˵ͦе

ֺԶֻĿһƣǿѹɲʸУֱʵ
˼Ǵߣֱȥɽ

Сĵ˵ͷ
·ϵʱ䣬ɽӦˡ׳

ۼ׳Ȼؿڻ˻ΣСʱŲѣæǰһѽԷס
׳ôˣǲؿܣϽоҽ

ֺԶȴһקסҡҡͷ
ˣ

С󼱣
׳֮ǰǴӦңҪؿܣ۾ҽúÿ𣿡

ֺԶסСֱۣٴҡͷ
´˵ɣСڸϿȥվƱϸȥɽ

׳

ֺԶֵ


Сû취ֻȽֺԶͻذ칫ңָ˱ˮȻһͷˡ

ʣֺԶһλϻ˰죬žúЩ

תһ㣬ûļ

ҪϿ꣬ܶճһʱȥɽ

һ磬ļ졣

ʶİĿͶ⣬Ѿӿƣ󱨸˵ڻꡣ

֪ɽǱûꡣ



ɽģ¶ʱһѾĵĴ

ʱֿȴûиܵԵȶȡ

ҡϲ磡

ٴǿ⣬ջȴֻᡣ

һˣô仰ԼŻ޹˼ɵĿģȻֺǺǵĹȥȡɣ

֪˵ʲôõѣϲһԲƥˣߵһߵ·

ջһиϴ˵ÿһ仰ձ˱ۣ
Ҵʺ㣡

Ǯûİ˻ȥ
ܲµҶ̹ףһȰҡ

תջʵңʵҲ뷨ɣ

ջЩȣҲ֮ǰĮǹװ

ô˵Ҳϲˣ

֪뷨Ǯ׾ϸһĨΣȻЩɬȴǼֵ
ô˵ЩΪǣԼֱӦҲϲҵģ

Ҵû˵ҵһοʱ򣬵һоǾرϧܾʳڵĿֻڴϣʵ̫ϧ

ȴǴǴЦֹ۵ȥػͿߵÿһˣʲô£Ҳǵһ侲Ȼ߾ȫİ֧Ŵҡ

壬ͬ顭ϧ֮Ҿ̲סȥע

첻ͻ᲻ĵ֪һûкúóԷ˳ĵطûͨ˳᲻ΪԼǦʶˤ´

һסջ֣ӣ۾
ҲԼԾʱһѾˡҷŲˣҲԥԼЩ嶯ĿƲԼ

֮ǰҲܸоҲϲҵģϴҽԺȴⲻңװ˯ң

ʱҾ֪һǲҶ˼ԲŹҪҡ

˵˵ţ

ջͬסѵ֣ϣܽɢĺ

Ŵѹôܡ

ҸҲΪãǱϾ̫ˣ·ôߣҲֻúõı㣬ܵ˺

ô˵ûоȷʵҵģ

ǮգȴĨᣬҲ¶һĨɬЦݣ
֪Ҷ֪ҲôȰԼ

Ҿ᲻ã᲻ãһ뵽ԺܳҾܵĿˣ

Ǯ̲סջĻʹ

ջҲۿסԼĺѣŬҪ֧ŵ

ô룬һа취һа취

Լһޣ㲻ҪȥҴ磬ҲҪȥ֮£ôһ˳Ȼ

ޣ㻹ǷŲҴ硢᲻θ飬ȥҴ磡

һ㣬δǻѹأҶһߣԶ֧ǣ

ǮԣӺѻֱŶԷĨᶨĵ׶ʱҲһɾ޴

»ʣص˵ͷ
ãģ

лл㣡

ջǮʱֿ˴죬ֱȶôѹˣŻؼҡ

һ·Ŵʹ£ջһֱܳأ֪ʲôʱߵ˼ſڡ

ϲŵ˿ջ̿ȥ󲮼ˣ

Լݣֻһ뵽ʱǶܾڵ飬û취ǱֵĻ첻⡣

룬Ҳֱ̧󲮼ȥ

˴󲮼ңû뵽󲮼ҵԺŽҲصʵ£ãŰֻСľƬסˡ

߽Ժۿ쵽ݵشǰ׼ںһ󲮺ʹʱߴݳĴȻһ˵

ӣ֪˵ﲻܣӣҲ˺ܶˣ

ջٿȻһ

үӵ

ԭǡ

һֱⲻȥ⣬Ҳ˾

ɵֱ׵̯ǰʱŷʵûԼ֮ǰô޶ԡ

үӵĻҲһ˲İ

űЩį
ô˵ǡǹⶪģ

үϵ
ôܣӣô˵ЩҪ˼ңôܶԼ⣡

ջʶ߬סԼ½󣬶ڵүȴ̾˿

°ô58ǻ˵𡭡





74.     58չ괺ڲãջġ

58չ괺ڲ, ջֺԶִһ

ҵʱµУΪ¾ܽû뵽;˲, һ߾Сꡣ

ֺԶλʵе⡣

ԭүսѵŮ, λսΪ˾үӶսϡ

үΪ˱սѵľ֮, Ź

Сּҳ, үӷ򸾰䱦, ΪСϲԼֺԶ, үӾ޸ԼΨһӡ

ֺԶС־һľ, һڲ, Ů֮Ҳ, ͵֮Щƽ, »罺ᡣ

ټϸɶǰϦиĹŵĹǳϲֺԶ׷һʱ, ΪֺԶﲢϲȢҲֻǳһΡ

ֺԶڲֵԽɫ, ٶҲԽԽ, ӰѾͶ뵽ҵϣ˿ûӵ£Ҳ˷֮ĸҡ

ڲԾʱ˽鶼쵽ʮˣʱҲΪԸʮд

ֺԶԼ˶ӵչˣǿʼŬҪֲ

ۼСڸ£ҲٴλеʱֺԶȴӵϼԶ߱߾һλ

Ϊɷ¾ܹ, ڼҹΣӶһֱε˰£ȻûеɷѶ

ΪٴαеճױȻһͦŴ͵͵̤ͨصĻ𳵡

û뵽;ʱ⶯ֻ̥гԱİ£ͽһнڵСس˳ֱվĳ˾͵˽ҽԺһŮ

Ůջ

ΪǶֻܳм·ӵҲǴͬĲʱġ

ӳڴźЩҲΪĸǿŮѹܿʶԼ˼ôԵ¡

΢ת̽ҽԺĵ绰ҳһ׶

Ϊ绰ҪԱһһĽͨ绰Ҳȥ˶ʮӡ

ٻصʱ򣬲ŷֲ˿̾һˣ

֮˴ŵ֪ԭٳǰͬæտӵǼҲͻȻˣһ˾Ͷȥ˲

Ϊߵüʱ˹زţŮô͵ˣ

ܲصĴʱͻ˲ſڣֱӻһ죬ֱڶּҵ˴ҴҸϵ

˵ҲɣǰһүڼＸսӵĵ绰ֺԶͷ糾͵ĵˡ

һ˵ӶԳȥԼ;иԼһɰŮֺԶ·û˳Ʊ͸ĸһҴҸȥ˽ء

û뵽˵طǵȴǺӶʧجĺͼͬʱʧȥ

ֺԶүǿűʹϵ˵ع/˴֣æѰҺӡ

ֻϧΪĻԣѵĵʱܶ˶ǵǰһǶʮʲô˽

Ϊ֪߾³ѾˣԳǰһ޴¡

ŮҹͰ⡣

һ޴±˵58꣬ҲֵǮĶ͵ӵҲ˳ְǼ޴ˡ

ֺԶʹ֣µһܿһڲĲ˼˵ͷһͷʱ¥ݼһԱźӵ·򸾡

ʱǶԷ򸾱ſŰֱŸӣΪԷóԺվ¥һԷ·

ǸŮ߾ʱо鵽Էһųһŵɫ·

ʱ˻֣ΪǶ·򸾿ôʵڲ·ˣӡŻô̡

ֻϧʱͷ϶Ųñס˰ֻԼжʮӡ

ȻǳޣֺԶǾ֣λṩ˵ɷһ·򸾣רԽΪģضܱߵйӽϸŲ顣

˲˰£ȴûҵκηˡ

һ棬ֺԶҲ·п˷αװģҲ⸽Ƿ˺ӵ˼ҡ

ͬʱ뵽ǼֵƵ޴£ԷõֺȻ֤һֱߣпһ֡

ĶҲֻڷĳкϲŻ·ǣֺԶְĿ˾ķбС

беĺУû뵽ⲻżȻһ뷨Ȼá

ǵûþڱһץһ͵͵޴µˣ

ȷ˶Է͵޴ӶʧǼֺԶ̸ϵ˱ӣǸзӣ

ӶԷ֪·ǰǰվһ·͵ģ

͵·ּŮʧһ죡

ΪС͵ڵڶһʱʧ֣ԲòڼҶһӣ֮ȷϰȫ󣬲Ÿ¶棬ֺԶŵץ

ؼǣС͵˵ڶǶԷʱûкӣ

ֺԶƲ⣬Ƕ·ӦǴźֱȥ˱УҵڰѺӸˣ

ϧС͵ֻ֪ǶԷ򸾵ʱվȳȴ֪Ҫȥ

Ϊʱȥ˰£Ѿ׼ǲ˵ĳ࣬޷ṩõ

ּǧ鵽һҲΪʲôֺԶЩֻҪһʱܵԵʡ

ּʱ޿̲ӣڻһ㣬Ҫ⺢ӵĸĸ

ǶϱںӶԺԴ꣬ȥ˰ڣÿֻҪһ˾³ǰضҪһ

ɵӣҵˣȴǺӲԭһֱ¶棬ֻԶԶĶһ߿ţÿ쿿һƬӣ

ջţȦͺˡ

үӽһУҲŻȻԭĲǱĸġ

ֻߵ
ɱĶɥģֱ

ڶǵãǾţ־ǿҽԺ˰꣬øԺ

һɣߵҽԺſڣͿǸΧһȦˣ߹ȥһ֪иûСŮޣ

µ첻ˣǺӻ¾һСӰţǲ£СֻСèƵģôڵϲ֪䡢Ƕ޵òҪûˣ

ǰ˵һ¸ŮѺӵˣ˻ǸŮסˣǸŮֻ˵һŮ̫ࡢǲҪȻͳ˲עˣ

ôأŰСŮޱؼҡ

үҲǿѹŭ
ʵ͵˺תͷָӵˣ

үƺƽָϵ

ӣ󲮡ռҶĶ飬ּҲ֮

ҿԸǱ֤⺢ӼȻ걻ǾһˣԶռҵĺӣ

ʱһֱûô֮Ҳӿڵ
ֻ̣֪࣬Ҫĸ&zwnj;ҰڣǼķǳǳ

ȻѾҵĴ˹ȥʮ꣬ɽӣϣܺžֲۣЩȱʧ飡

̣մԸĻҲһᵽ׶ȥӣܽѡһߣǶʱǾô

ջͷһ߬½ǡ

֮Ļһ䣬үӾæ
ԡԣӣʵģֻҪǹȥʳסУȫܰ׵

⺢ӵȣҲѾ絽Ŀǰ׶õҽԺҽҽΣ

һ䣬ջ۾һʶ̧ͷ

̺մ󲮵˱Ͷּ龪Ȳѣȿҽʱֱסˣ

һ̲Ų
ִ󲮣˵Ķģӵȡ

үٴȷϵ
Ҷ֮ǰѾ⺢ӵϸ͵׶Ǳڻ˵ǴһɵİգȻüϸϺ˵

ȻֻһɵİգΪֻҪаٷ֮һϣҪȥһԣο⻹аٷ֮ʮĿأ

̡մһԶ˵Ĳˣ

æ
˳˿ľͷֵɶҲᣬȥ׶ԲСǶӵκãⱲӾ֪ˣ

ջҲһϲ뵽ֳôܵӣκãûʲô赲һˣ

Ļϲ֮ʣȴͻȻ
үүִ磬ллǵĺ⣬»˰ɣȡҲΡ

ٿһ

̲ס
ӣ˵ɶ⡢զأ

Ҳ
ǰӣԸվΪɶˣ

˵
̣Ͱģ£ֻʸʣһˣզ۵ԼĲŶ԰

裬ȷʵϣվΨַʽҽεĻᣡҵãԼδɶľĶ֧

۲ѹû취ԼҪô

үæ͵
ӣһû˵ˣҾûдԴΪӦǻȥ˼

˵ռּҵĶˣôֻǳ뱨֮ǰҲΪ᲻ΪѣԲϣҲ׶ӡ

ɲξǿ϶Ҫεģ

ȴЦ
үү˼ΪףҲҪ˵Ҳôõˣ

үƺ£Աߵ֮̾˿
ѹ㣬ԭˣ

үүϵܵ˼ˣµõľ֮ʽɣҪκε˼븺

žЦ
ҵ˼˵ʵڵ˵ѾӦĿǰȡȷʵˡ

ջֻˮȻ¡

һˣܿ뿪Ժӡ

洰֮ԺһζӰ̾˿

ԽþԽΪѰɡ



ջӴ󲮼ҳһţе鶼֮ǰȻ෴

еֶôԽԽԼ뷨

ʴһ޵ˣһȴǸжᡢǲ֪ΧֻϿҸطȶ

̫ҵԵʣһʱҲûϿ·մӴ󲮼ҳû߼һͷײһůĻ

̷ĲԾ˲伱һƽȵ˵
ôˣ





75.     ջ̧ͷɣġ

ջ̧ͷ, ɣĻԻ˼֣ȴ֪λشֻҡҡͷ, ĬĬᡣ

һˮ, ʱ۲, ԷԸش, Ҳ׷, ֱ, 嶫ߵСȥˡ

Сӱ, ջڴﺢǳĴʯͷ, ֺ֦ܵݺ͹ľϸϸһ顣

һ·, ټǰ, ջѾˣֻǿЩݴЩֵ
޴, ʲô

æ
Ҫȥҵö֮ǰȰ⸽ĲݴԴһ, ߳ߣ, Һܿͻ

ջһůҪʲôԷѾŹ˳С˹ȥ

һߣΧһƬףֻСʵԶɽ

۵ɽˮ̲𣬶ٻ˵ջƵ飬ڳ³һ

˴ԼʮӾͻˣֻٻʱһѺ̵СӣŻͦƯġ

֮, ȰСҰںˮϸϴһ飬Ȼջǰݸ
еҰζܺã㳢

ջҰעҲûֶԷĿڽԼСֻǽӹСӣϸϸ

һִг˴ĴָǴССҰһͮͮģ滹֥һʵϸľɶˣɢһŨĹ㡣

ջСҰе죬һŸķУ˲һɾ˿ǻ

ǲǺܺóԣʵ

˵ͷܿ˵ڶţĽܵ
иÿԼѮϽȵݣһЩµػߺӱߣĩܽˣ

˶ϲʵҵýҰݮʣ

ôһ˵ջҲˣɲ͸ϿĲݮر

ֻûмݮûԹһʱҲò׼

ֲҾЩ죬ֻ&zwnj;ϼݮû뵽ǳ񣡡

ʵⳤζҲܽӽȻͷСЩҾζϣСҰҪʤһ

ɿΪոտ޹Խˮ˵Ĵ۾ԼûԼŨŨĳ硣

ʢôطҸ·߿ǣΪ˭ֵĲݮԭصã˼ȥ

ջһΣҲȤһֱҲ¶Цģ

ɼЦˣԼҲһˣǵ׻ǲģСʵ
ܸңոΪʲô𣿡

ջǵЦ⻺˻Ĭ

Ϊǲ˵æ
Ҫǲ˵ͲҪ˵ˣֻǧҪƣ塣

Էô˵ջһů

֪ԼǰЩ̫࣬֡үүִıӦǸ޴ûʲôϵġ

仰˵޴ǵչ̣֮ǰΪС

һ̵ֱܹˣһ̣úԷǽ㽫Լڵǰһһʮ˶Է

һк󣬼ʱĵɬ

ŶԷпּܽ˻׶;һܵش

ѹοԷ
ʱϣ㲻Ҫôֻ࣬רȥľ

ջȴЦ
޴磬ôܲأǡһһⰮҵˣѡһߣһ߾Ʊػѹ

ҡͷ
ҲŽ㲻ҪôࡣΪǰ㣬ŻľһϣδܹÿġҸǳ˸

һҪѡһҪĽʵߵԸҲǳȫҪĽе㡣

һ

ŶԷŬĵ׵İѹ¡

ȻܰѶԷӵ뻳УȴΪһϲԸһ˿һǿȺΪѡ

ʲôĸԸĽܣʹ࣬Ҳڡ

ջһ֪ΪΣﾹҲ˼֡

ɼʵĺˮԼҲûٿڣһ𰲾ţżŻһԼԵ¡



ںӱã侲ջѾ˾

ɣصԺǳģѾؼˡ

ԺӣûȽݣһۿűϵһֻӣ

ջȻ𣬽ֳûнԺֱӴֻȥ˴󲮼ң

ʱӴԼʧ࣬һʱĻҾͽ˴󲮼Ժ

ȴ˻ǲ˵̺ʹѾ֪վڴһУ

ջҧ촽

װ֪飬ٻͼ֣ȻٶԴ˵Լġ

£Ȼ̺ʹѾ֪ˣͲˣ

ҪȻһѹ

ô̧ŽݣһƿݵĲӣȻڿһĬĬᣡ

ջʱ۵æȥһѱס̣н
̣ܣҲߵģһһֱߣĶҲȥ

ȴҡͷ
ɵӣĸǴûжԲ

ջȴס
ҹܲôˣЩֻаְֺֻߣǡǵûӰɣ

ŮⷬжȴҧӲԼ
ɵӣĸĸЩһֱ㡭ǰǿˣ

̻㶪մҳĿ࡭̶Բ㣬Ҳû˩ߣ

֣һ鸧ŮСȴ¶Цݡ
ӣĸãȥһܹϺӣֻҪ֪úþ֪ˣ

ջ޵
ҲȥôˣнָܹϺӣ

̽Ů§ڻһſջͷϣ̾Ϣŵ
ɵӣǲһģ̵ôã͸ϵķˣһɽ

ջ˵ʲôȴĺ󱳣Сʱջ˯һһ¡
ְڵĻҲһôġĸĲϣԼĺӺأ

ջ޵˵ֻ̻ƴҡͷ

һһپôӵĬĬᣬֱĺɽɫڳ

ʱջԼ˯ŵϡ

¹̲԰׵ɫջռᶨԼ뷨




ջѧһңԺ￴һˡ

һʮ塢ľˣǰ͸ʳʱһֱ͵͵λ١

һջʲôףӦҲλٸ׵ˡ

ϴδԼתǲϹĸߴŶİš

˲ٶأֱ¶棬ǲǾʹѾˣ

Ȼڣپ˸Ȼ
ջͬ־ã׳ľԱС

׳͵ɽֻ˵пΣûҹȥţ׳ų㡣

ջĬһ˲Ҳĵ˵ͷ
֪ˣСͬ־лл㡣

Сٿڣ˵һߡ

ջԭһһһȥ

ֻǻݣһѾ߳ӣڿʱʶͣ˽Ų

˾վſǰĿյϣ˴ʱ·Ҳͣһ̡

ջŶԷߡ˷ݣͲͬǵټһģһ

ֳֻż͸ϣټϸ߸ߵĸӣȥǳơ

ջע⵽޶ѾˣüĴһ̵ġ͸żġ֣ԼʱǸ͵Ŀ⣬ʹԵࡣ

ŶԷüͷǸϤġ֣ʶѿڵ
ϰҵˮĲԲԣ

ֺԶһ䣬Щ
ӣ㡢㻹ǵң

ŶԷϲɫӣջ֪˵ʲôֻô˵ͷ

ֺԶлϲѣʱִ󸣡̡֮մ󲮵Ҳ½

ǸŮĬȻԶӣȿڵ
ǡݺú˵ɣɶ˵ͺˡ

ִ󸣳Է¶һмɫҲ͵
ԡԣүϤϤҪȵ

մ󲮿˿ջ죬û˵ʲôֻǳƵĵͷʹһһһҷȥˡ

ִߵʱʹĶӵļͷһüŪۣöӼӰѾþŮؼң

֮ȴصؽСԺغãҪʲôԾĵط͸Ͻ֪ͨǡ

ִ󸣼״Щ֣קСʵ
֮ɶԾĵط𣿡

֮ҡҡͷ
Ҳ˵ϣֲ̫õԤС

ǸɫǱֵĹƽãû׶

ִԣ̾˿
ۺûⶼүҪһأ˰ﲻæ

һߣջֺԶһ˶ߴݡ

ֺԶڿߵĵϣ˫ֳϥͷ滺нŵ

Ŀǰ뿪ʮŮ֪˴ݺһһ

Ůû֮ǰǵĽӽֳųĮ

һֱϸ׺Ͷ̫³çʵһ̶¶۵Ļϲ

кܶܶ໰˵ЩôǲǺ࣡

ԸԸ׵һֲĻᣬص׶ļңһΪҸС

ӣ㡭

Բ𣡡

ֺԶ뿪ڵһ˲ջȻһȻǰһ

ֺԶ£ŮžϹƣŷӦæȥŮ

ʲôϿ

ֻֻûŮֱۣԷһһ
Բ֪Һܶ꣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣡ҲܴӦߣ

־ǿְֺ̼ģΪҼһУҲ뿪ռң

ҺܱǸǵ֮Ⱳӿ޷ˣǡ&zwnj;ûТŮ

Բǻȥɣ

ջʼûֱһ֮ҪȥҲ˳ۿ䡣

ֺԶһƬհףһֱŮļ΢΢ǰһѽ

˫Լһģһķˮֱ絶

Ů鲻ԽŮϸͷã¶һЦ
ɵӣҪְ˵ԲԶøְ˵֣

ջֻ˫ԼĴֱģضԷԼĻһҲҪˡ

ľȻѾѡ˵ڣֻԼĵĲȥˡ

ְֵŮľְһ㣡

ְףֻҪܹÿģְôν

ɽǸõطɽˮģˣҲãԺչ˺̺ʹһҡҲչ˺Լ

ʮˣΪŮһ£ĽŮϣģҲڡ

ӣǰְ־ˣԺౣء

ֺԶ˵̧꣬ĨȥϵˮȻȻĴ˳ȥ

ʣջվų۵Ŀӡ

ԼľõľֻΪʲôڽʵֵʱѹ

еˮһֱͣԺзֵĶ˫һģһ۾˫ڿʱôࡢô۰

ŮһҸɣǡԲ

֮ʣһ
׳׳ôˣ

ջһҲ͵س˳ȥ





76.  ף   ջվߡ

ҽԺ

ջվ, ŶյĻƵƷ

ˣͻȻεԺɫף˫Ŀ, ôжвѣ

ô͵˹Ժ, Ժ˵β, Ȼ͵

ȫ̶и, ָûڣ

, ܾǰһзĶġ



̵ǵĿŮ, Ů, תĿãȻ, ʱ۲ѡ

ԱߵĴӡϱһ, ﶼЩΡ

·, ѾλСٿе֪Ůľ˵ˡж, Ǽٵģ

ɿźӸӣ־Ĳ, ּ, Ҳһĵǵ

俴⺢ʧǵӣҲ۰

ô˵Ҳʮ꣬ǸӰ

ͻȻѡզܵˣ

̵ͷʹˮգʱٿˣŮѾôˣ϶ԲٸŮң

һߣһֱĬִ󸣺֮Ҳע⵽Ů/õ˵Ѿ֪ľ, ʧ䡣

ĽԤ֮УҲ˵˵ȥּû

ִ󸣼Ů¶۵ɫǰο
ӣ̫ģ渺βҽҴǰʶԭҲ׶ڿרңʦҪԮöס

Ҳãİɣ֮֡ƣ϶ûɶ⣡

ջͷȻʹЩҿүһ

ү̾˿ŮķȴջǷˡ

һԵ̿ʧּֿ۵ʹͷ˵Ůҧҧ֮ǰǸͷٴθͷ

ͬʱŶϵĻƵͻȻһŴűƿϴ˵˳

үӸæǰҶô

ϴժϵĿ֣Էͷ
˾ģĿǰã

һ䶼˿ջʶ￴˹ȥ

ϴֽŵ
һҪǽһ£߻йĲ͸Ѫѹ

ʺ䣬ǲô͵ĲģɼȻˣһҪúõ

һεƽ£Ժÿһζôˣ

⣬Ҽ鵽峤ڴƣͽ״̬ĲҲΪ

˾һҪȰ˰ϧԼ壬ҪΪԼνǼΣյģ

ּСæ֤һúȰֺԶע

ϴͷ
иĵķӣȥʱãעݽϣĵӣܿͻЧҽԺҩȫ

ʱ֮æ
ģӽңȱҩ취

ϴͷһ䣺
˯ˣȲҪȥţѾʿˣȹ۲һСʱ֮͵ͨʱȥ

ϴл֮Сϴһȥȡҩ

ٴ밲ջһһߵҵſڣ˳ŷ￴һۣٵǰˣ

ʲôʸأ

Ѿ˵ˣûԼŮ

飬￴ʲôأ

ͣĺˣֱ󱳴ȵǽϣһӣϥǣĿŶյҷš



ջ̵תͷ̲֪ʲôʱˣ㳶˳ǣ̰ЦЦ͵͵
̣ȡˣǾͻȥ

˵鲻Խļҡ

ԼֱۿƳߣ

ľ&zwnj;ҲѡҪƿˣûѹ

̿Ů⸱ӣ

Ամ󲮺ʹҲ۵òУҪȥȰֲ֪˵ɶֻһԸż

ʱԼĴӺͶϱĿдһ˿ȷ

մ󲮷˲ͿԼ˼Ӷһۣ̫̫ͷ

̵õ˶ӡϱ֧֣һԥҲȥкܿ˾

ǣ˲۽ǣߵһͷȻүӸǰ
ִ󲮣ǰ˵ģðһҲᵽ׶⻰

̫̫һ䣬үϲ̧ͷ

ջҲһ㶣վЩ޴
ǡ

үӿջæͷ絷⣺
ֻҪǿϴӦʲôʱ

˿ŵ
ǰͲҪһأﻰҲ˵˵

˵ڰռҳ󣬿⺢ӵҲּҵѪô꣬ȥҲӦã

ǰˣⱲӲûŮǴ⣬ԺŮĶ͸Ķ

԰ͺƤһأҪǰ⺢ӴߣǾͰѰҲһȥɣ

̣
ջҲȫû뵽̻ô˵ʶ

үԴϲæ
ӣ⻰棿ԸΪһߣ

̼ŮˣַԼЦŵͷ
棡һңͲˣԺ󰳾͸ŰŮּҲԲȣҲߣ

Ӹ˵Ĳˣ⻰æ֣
ϣӣ˵ɶܹǼֱּϻˣ

ˣ־մֶһңҲҪһߣһҲ٣

մȴЦҡͷ
ִ󲮣ʵǸ֮ǰҲ£һɽˣͷҲӦ԰ǾͲȥˣ

Ը±һտǾͷˣ

ջ̺ʹһΪԼòǸжεºܣⱲôమΪˣ

̣Բ𣡡
̲סſ̵ĻС

§ŮЦǺǵ
ɶԲɵӣⱲӶûȥ׶ĸ֣ⶼǽ˰ŮĹ⣡

ȥˣϯһ밡Ⱳӻÿֵ

ֺ࣬ԶűƳңͽ˶¥ĸɲ

ֺԶǸձͽѹˣİǽױһȿΧһȦˣԼռҳʱͻȻεļ䡣

֣оôˣ

ֺԶ˿Ŀ¶еĴӣֿһԳϸף֪ԼǴˣٲҪһٺˣ

Ȼִ󸣿ѹ˿󣬸žͷһ

ֺԶ˰ԼģӸٴˣҪעϢϢ

ֺԶԹԵϸ׵䣬֪Ǹ㷢ĵһ仰Ҳֻȴ

ͻȻˣҲ֪᲻Ǻӡ

㿴壡ĲѪѹôأӰ׷ͺڷ˰

ԭ˹ĲѹǾĿۡ

㿴㶼Сſˣ˼Ҹ˵˰ǰҪоҽǲӦ˶ҽ㵹Ҳ

СŻˣһأ

֪ǲҲ

֮Լϰֱݶֻһ𾢵үӡ

үӲ鲻ԸŸԷʹ˸ɫ
֣˯һɣҺүүϢˣ

ֺԶŻع˵ͷ˳ˣŮǱߵһһپͶĳӣǽһѵأ

ֺԶ

̾˿СҲܽСɡ

Щƣĺ۾

˵һͦ۵ģͲ˰

ű򿪡ֹϣ˽ֺԶΪСʶʵСڼˣ

϶ԷȴûлشֺԶʶԣæۣȻһ˫Сһ۾˸š



ֺԶ־ϲæӴ

ŸոѣһͣǰһڣԵڴϣ

ְ֣
ջ󼱣æǰһѷס

ֺԶȴ͵۾ǿҵѣУ
ӣոսʲô

ջ˱죬ЩޣɻᣬС˾䣺
ְ֣

ֺԶٿȻᣬ˵ֿ죬ʹͷ
ҵŮҵ

ջŴ꣬˵һ仰˵ֻŵ
ְ֣Բ𣡡

ԲҶ˵Ļ

ԲҲ㹼ҵİ

ջֺԶĻеˮֹҲֹס

ֺԶ§ŮһϧĦķ
ˣְֺܸˣְڵȵһˣ

ְ̫ˣ

Ůӵ־ôҸһʧõãֵϴǰܵǧʹ

⿴һĻҲøжѡ

үٴһ֣صл

ֻǰ˰֣ЦŲ˵

˳ϵβ&zwnj;ǶӵĸŮȻһģȴѹ

õĽҪŮһ˳ġҸ

̫̫ջĿ⣬ȾͷһƬõ⡣

־ǿ飬ǲҲأ


ֺԶҽԺס˲ͼֳԺˣΪŹŮʵ̫ˣ

˭ҲֲּΪãԿɫпɣֻͬͻصɽ

ֺԶ˳˳סռңɰүӺ֮۲ˣүװСϵȥ˺ƤҲס˽

ɹ쵼ϻŮ֪϶ŮദͰǮɹջΣǮҲסռҡ

ּүסڶߴݣ̴ջǮСݣټСմһӣֱֵòУ

Ψһһ㲻̫õľǣּҸӣĸɲǼܣ˵ǹ̽˶ǴС

ȻּҸӲգǱ˴סطһأڲ԰ġַģһԵļﶼķϣҲ֪˭˭ңʤģ

ټϴÿ첻ǡճǡšÿȥȥ磬Ǿٺ֪ҲԾˣ

æү־һٴ֪ʦѹռҵĺӣǲӴ쵼ҵ׹Ů

ⲿӴ쵼˭ǰЩǸһүӰ

үүү׶ӵ쵼иʦ׵ڷǵٵģ

θԹԣɽǷɽ˰

ڴ&zwnj;ÿ棬һ仰Ѿǡûǡ˵𣿡ȥ𣿡ЩסռҵĴйصĻˡ

ռ˴ˣʦϵԺ϶ܵŲٺô

һʱ䣬ֵֶߵߵռܣﻰռԺŴЩ

Ҫý˵ףŶԸֻñſ̵㵽̼ϲүүִһ졣

ͬҲ־󲮼֦ǰŸһǴµ˼ңһݣͿԼ̴ʹ˵ĺ󱳣

˶ôҲ

־ҲҶ㣬ͷϱˣæֺõ
֦죬ϽȰȰ裡ͱ£

֦ȴֱһתû
ã軹ˣôȲ͸磬۾Ͳ˵Ǳߣ۵֪Ҳܲǣ

־󲮿
ǰҲû治˵˵Ҳ˵ӻܲˡ

ںˣǿҲͨˣּҲ˵ˣѾͷȥ׶ҲôŰⲻͦõ𣿡

̴бһ۵
Լ뿪ˣԺдҪȻΪ͹һ̴ˣ

־󲮺ٺɵЦʣ
裬ǰǱߡ

̰˰֣
û£͹ˣּǽˣȻϻѾͷȴûҪգѾͷ־ǿĹŮ

˼ҰϣҲ֪ˣ

־󲮺֦ﶼ˵ͷ

̾ӡϱ
ǴѼĸɱˣץЩĢͷȥҲѾͷֲӣ

֦æЦ
裬뵽һȥˣ㿴춼۵ڶٺöˣȫɶľϸĥܻ͵ɶã

ȥҲȦͷĸõóˣ

̵ͷ
£ģһɱˣԲ꣬ڻ鲻סȿɱ


֦Ӧһ͸Ͽȥˣ

־ҲҪȥæȴ̺סˣ
Ȼо仰Ҫ㽻

־æ

־͸˵һ£Щÿ࣬־ǿֵܸǸΪѾͷҲǲ˲ģ

˼ҵ棬쾭壡ۿɲѧЩƤǳģ˺ô͸ӬƵģһԾ϶

ռҴ̤̤ʵʵˡ£Щ߰£ɸסˣжռҵ

־æ
裬˵ģЩӲʸˣˣֻΪǸˣЩԵ˼

Ǵǰɶ󰳿϶ɶϾͰķŶɣ

˶ӵı֤ŷöӸϱȥˡ



һߣջһСһֺԶ嶫Сӱ߸ɸ

·ϣŮ졣

˵𵱳ջΪֹ糤Ƕ̬Ȳһ㣬־һʱҲԵúܽţһ뵽ߡ

ֺԶŮĻҡͷʧЦ
ְֻΪԼصͦãû뵽ҵıŮ飡

˵Ǳ߻ãеλ־ˣһǸʵϵˣͷְֵúúȥлл˼ң

ջЦ
Ҳã־ЩҺһֱչ˵ģ

ֺԶŮ˵֪ŮĲˣԽ&zwnj;

ѪԵһ˼£ŮϲɫʳĿζµϰ߶ܽӽһԷֱʮĸŮദȻûһ˿ҡ

ջڰֱϷһСƬúܺõĸæһСѣӱϴһ͵

ְ֣ǲǺ޴ֵģҵһγԾ;رϲ

޴ݮûԹݮͼƬģְأ

ֺԶ̵ƷŹŮιСҰ;ζˣ

ȵְִĲݮʲôְҲ㣡

ջЦ
õģ޴˵ָζȲݮãûҪԶģ

ֺԶŮһһ޴磬е㲻뵽Ҳһʲô޴ģԽЩˣ

ֱջûס
ְ˵˵Ǹ޴Ǹɶ˰

ջרСɸ׼ȥүүʹҲҲ˳ڵ
޴簡ȻǸܺõ˰һɽԺҲһֱչҺ̣

ֺԶԽԽǵڱŮǰǿԼ¶һĨЦ
ǻͷְҲúøлл

ջ̧ͷЦ£ҡͷ
ְ֣޴־󲮼ҲһҲСǾ޴ã

ƽʱͳһ԰ְ㲻ȥл޴磬Ƿڡ

СӣֺԶѾʶˣﻹһȾùֿģãǸ磡

Ըأĸα&zwnj;ĶԷᡰڡأ

ɼ޵ĳСӣûŮ¹

ֺԶֱðˮ̲סʼĥôȰŮûĵļһ

ջȫûϸֵʰְֻҪҪٳԵʱ˴
ţܣƭˣ





77.  žۣ   ջ̫Ϥˣ

ջ̫Ϥ, 󱦣

⺢ʱӦûϿΰôأ

ֺԶҲ˺ӵæԹŮ
ְȥô£

ջæס׵֣
ְ, Ұϵһѧ, Һһȥ

үһ, û߶ԶȻͿ󱦣

һĻɶ

Ҳ֪˵ʲô, 󱦿һڵ, һСԲͨ죡

ջΪڳ, æ첽ǰ
, ɶ, ڸʲô

ʦ
ҽÿջʮֿ, ̾ϲΧ˹

ʦ, ͰҰˡǸողɵ˲ٸʦ, ͸㣡
ɶ˵ţͺͽһҪڲ˵ŵĸó, ͸ջ

ջס, Ц
ɶˣʦҲɵ˲٣Լų԰ɣ

ҽûҪãȴԱ󱦳
˭ϡӵƶҲ˼ͣ

ҽʱһ

ջ󱦣һСýģ뵽֮ǰǷ󺰣̲סº͵
󱦣ɶǲǳˣ

ҽöһ, ҡҡͷȻ봹

ջȥ󱦣
д󱦣ӦڽϿΰô&zwnj;

ȴһһ
ۣǮʦˣ

ջü
ȻۣΪʲôؼңҪܵ

Ծ֮ǰѱ
ڶֲˣԾ棡ˣ˭Ҳܲţ

⺢Ӿ䶥죬ֺԶҲüͷֱǸСͷ

ÿ±ﶼ̵ܽСͷÿÿȥʱһùֿɰģ

һŮʦǶȣôôأ

ջǰ󱦣⺢ȥѧʱҲϲ˵̣ǾļѧϰѾܾû˵ˡ

ջֱ⺢ʲôˣ

󱦵ĲѷҲûֻ
󱦣ʵûжֻۣǹⲻȥѧԲԣ

ʦ˵˵ǲԵģʦҲǸм˵ѵĺӣ

ʦ治ףôΪӿζ˵ѡ

û˵꣬󱦾ͻȻ
զͲ˵ѣƾɶֻǴ˵ѣСͲ˵

ջЩ⣬üʵ
󱦣ʲô˼ĸ˶˵ˣ

鼤
˶˵ѣ֮ǰӦٴǣתͷðڼңĸˣ

֮ǰҲ˵Ͱȥѧɵڶ˵û˸ɣðţ

ʦ㣬㵱˵ѰһСѧҵɰһ꼶û꣬Ҫˣ

˵ǴĽˣɽѹס㣬϶ߵģ

Ǵ˶ƭӣֻƭЩɶҲɲ˵Сӣ󻵵ƭӣҲˣ

Խ˵Խֱӿ

ֻӾ󣬼޵ˮҲʾ

Ȼջǡƭӡȴֻ˫۾ݺݵĵԱߵֺԶ

Ȼǰʦġˡλϸϣ

ֺԶ

ĪҲеô¡

һֱĬҽʱҲ۾ɶջĿг
ʦ˵Ҫ𣿡

ҡ
ջ죬һʱҲЩѹ

Ҳ᲻ɽ᲻ЩӣʮǣĲ֪ô˵µĻ

󱦿˵޵øˣ
ءʦˣ᲻㡭

֪ǶϲΪռСˣڱ˵лԴ

ǱܰСǡҲ˵ǸöҶһ棬Щ֪

ֻʦ㲻Ӻǹ⵷Ҳأʦ᲻ߡ

˾ûĶ԰ˡء

ջ֪⺢ô£

ÿ쿴ƤӣΪںЩԭû⺢еĿƣһʱЩΣ

ͳ־ȥοһְֺԶȴͻȻӹ־
ðְ

ֺԶߵ󱦸ǰ&zwnj;һ־һº͵
ոտǸƣСӺôתͷͿ޳Сè

۵СظҲһһĵġ

ֺԶЦ
ӣ˵Ļˣҽ㱣֤ھʹʦ뿪ɽԺϿΣòã

ϲ۾Ҳ˲Ͽˣ
ģ˵

ԱߵϽҲŵעֺԶƺֻ˵Ƕѣ

ְ֣
ջȻҲû뵽׻˵̲סȣ

ֺԶֻǳŮ˰֣תͷ˵ͷЦǺǵ
Ȼҿʦİְ֣Ҫʦģ

һô˵˵ԭطһͷ

Ҳ˲òͱıſʼشƣ

ҽҲϲʹ֣Ϲ˿ĵЦݣ

ˣֺԶҲ¶ı飬§ŹŮ
ְ֪ʵ᲻Щǣ

⼸죬춼ҪϿε¡༶£ѧǽ͸ˣѧͼóԲ·

ְּȻ⣬Ͳô˽԰ְ־ˣԺҪǻ飬ְҲһ֧㣡

û뵽׻֧Լջжѣ̲ס۾סԷ
ллְְ֣֡ôôã

ֺԶŹŮķ裬ϧ
ɵӣΪǰְֵС

ֻǵǰðƽʱ飬ǺٵʱһҪ׶ذְߣòã

ջڸ׿Ļʹ˵ͷ

ʱ˷ܾ˵ҲЩ˼ĴչֺԶջһ
ǸʦԲ𣬰ողöôף

ʦԲ𣬰첻˵ӿΡ

ջСԹϵ
󱦣Ȼ˵ӿβԣҲʦԼƽʱĵط

ʦ֪װôķգҲҪ˵һԲԭʦ𣿡

æҡͷ
ǣʦ㲻ãǰԼԾ

ñ˶עⰳһ棬ɰ֪ʵϲ԰ŹҲ£ϣܶΡ

˵˵žʹͷ

ʱͻȻ
󱦣֪ûɶ˼Ǹ˵ƽʱһʱͻװƭߣǶһٴ򣡡

㻹Լҵĵط߶ԼǦͷΪľл͵͵ѧϰ

ʵǷǳм㣬Ǻüǰ浲ţǿ϶ҪԸĿͷ

ٴε
һֱΪΪԵʣϲ

ҡͷ
Ǹǲܵģ㣬ѵСǰɶģ

û˵Ĩ˰ᣬҽõлֳջֺԶһȻͶһŤͷȥˡ

ҽ룬ȥ

ʦʦȸ󱦵ܵһȥˣ

ջͷ
ȥɣɶǶ󱦣ʦȥҲϵһģʵǸúӣֻΪͥأЩţǼ⡣

ҽæͷӦ

ջϵѧϰƷʲôʱҪ֮ȥ

ȥ·ϣֺԶŮ󱦼ҵ

ɵЩƷֺ֮ԶҲֱüͷ

һ˼
ְﵹи취İ취

ְֻͷȥ֧նӳ֧ǹΪɣ˳Ǯڴһͥ

Т˳ĸŮѵִܹ֧ӹ˼ңܵõһЩʽ

ÿ񽱵˼ұǾ״һѡ϶У

Ǿʽֱ׵Ĵ̼ЩռС˵ˣһǹ淶ԼΪô

ջϸϸĥһⲻֻҪ񣬿϶ܴ򶯴˵ģȻҲѡı׼¡

˵ˣΪýװҲҪװһ

ɼֻװ࣬ЩŮӵļͥҲõģ

ջԽ롢Խã̲סŸ׵ĸ첲˵
ְ֣Ҿܺã˵ܹã

ֺԶЦ
ְֻϣܰЩǣҲҵıŮһ㵣ǡ

ʱĸŮ֪еһС⣬ɽǶƷµĻ׷

ͥΪɽһС

ʮѾ̤СᣬҲҪּṩ

ֻҪɽ&zwnj;ˣܻΪ٣ΪǶƷѿ϶

Ů˵ЦߣۿŴӶߵС·˴ӣͼֵߵߵܣ

ִ󲮡öǿȥɣֲ̺ˣ

ֺԶЦ
Ŷô͵ˣǽӵŶˣ

ջȴЩ

ֺԶæ
ģ̺Ѿ˼ܶˣǼֻȰְֻˣ

ȸŮߵռңԶͿռſΧˣпֵĴҲּϱ쵼ּҲſڸЩɲ˵

һʱֺģջûĶ

˼ʱȺȻһֻһɫס̷ĸŮֱֱ˹

ʮͣƤܰףüֻۣüۼһ˿Щۡ

ֱջ˽ǰƺջȴЩңǺǰ˻ͻȻʧһ㡣

ֺԶҲԼӣ̲ס
ǵŮ

죬ɻû˵һ֣һѾȵ

ջ޳˵ŮˣĽͻȻʧˣ

ǰˣΪСŪʮļ尾

˿̣ŶԷ˫ֿ۾ԼеǵźԹҲһſ᳹ɢ

ǣᣬ
裡

øףǰһջ§˻ʵ
Բ𡭡Բ𣡡

ĸŮӵΧ֪˭ʼ

һԽԽ죬˶˵濴ĸŮϡ

ջЩ˼ҪĻȴ֣
豧

һ̫ˣ

ջЩޣĻ͵͵һڣһůůζ

ԭĸо

Ҳ֪˶ãֱһͰ
ˣҲлᱧŮ

ԣŲ֣˲ᣬԹŮ
̣

ջע⵽Ա߲֪ʲôʱһһС

˼ʮӣͷ˿룬һ۾ݴͰѧԺϽʦһ

ǸСģʮͣʹ÷ǳ񣬴˿һ˫ԲĴ۾Ķ

ջæˣ̣

ӦһȻ͸˵סջ֣һ´һߵ
ҵıŮЩݰͷһҪúò

ջӲ磬ԱСľŵ
֮ҲҪⲹ֮Ҫһ룡

Сӣû
ٲͳСˣǽɾ˾Աඣ

˵ţЦжջ
ܵܣ֮ԣ꣡ԺҪǸ۸㣬͸̣̱׼

֮Բˣ
̣˵ʲôأ֮Ӻô۸Ů֮

ֺԶ⻰ˣѵ
СûûС첻Ϸߣ˵ģԺҪǸ㣬ҷ㲻ɣ

֮ȴһ굽߹үүСԴ
֣˵ˣҿͦİòѧװΪ˳Сɣ

ֺԶˣ
С򣬻ˣ

һ˵˵ЦЦ쵼ҲôһԲûͷ׷׸ˡ

Щٵһߣ￴ֵĴҲɢȥ˴롣

ּһӽݣүӾͰԼϰͶϱܸһʶ

ס̵֣һм
ãұ꣬дһãּҵĶˣݶһӶǣ

Ҳ
ҰֺͺԶ˵ˣԺǼңһĸ׿

ʱүӽӻ
ӣҺϰ顢ǸղѾˣԺ㿴ɲɣ

£Ӧæֵ
ǿʹãһ̫ţǸʹáʹã

ֱЦе
ʹáʹãλĵĸĸ

ʱֺԶҲæǰ
ԺϾҺĸ

۸и񣡡
˵꣬˲̾˸Ȼ뺰һ

ŶһЦ̣ұİŮ̫̫˿̼Ứðġһ

˸ֺԶմ󲮣Ц
־ֵܣԺǾһˣ

մҲ죬ö˵һ仰

̺˴˸ֺԶҩҲռҵ˴˲

̵״ﴩëߴ¿㣬

մӳ׺͵ȷ⣬ﵥ׼һӴ£

ֵһ׻ߺһ׵̵⻹һ̨

̵̻֣ЩǸε
Ϊʱ̫ˣûü׼̫ණֻŵ˵طٲ

æ
ٲ٣ٶҪ̵ˣ

˭֪仰̣մһתͷͱүӡ
ͷӣ˵ǣ߰æ־մֶӺֶϱڴӿҴô

үգһţתͷͶԼҶӺ߶
ûǵ衢ǿ治ǶıԴɱһתĶ죡

˵ô˭ûôأ

ֶմӵ
ֶӡֶϱ¾Ͱֲˣ׼֮ڸǰװ׵ģ

մæƴǣ
ֲⲻðɣ˵Ҳʶ֣ܿأ

Ц
ûɶõģ·Ͼʹˣ˵ʮ⻹һӣȥһ˹Ѿˣ

￪꣬Ҳܷһǣһã

ջʱҲ
󲮣ͶڶʶˣҪõҲ࣬ȸ硢ѧ죬ܿˣ

ºܿȫԱ֧·ɿ춨

մһҶû뵽ôõ¾ôͷϣֱּһ˶Ұӣ˼ңӻЩš

մ󲮸߶
˵զܾһжƵ&zwnj;أӺõðˣ

Ҳ˵
˭˵ء־հԺǧúøɣҪȻԲֲʹģ

渺ð峵ŴҲֺǺǽӲ
үүһãүүֲֲ̺԰ҲãС֮Ҳһ棡

մЦ
⺢Ӷˣ֪棡

æԼֱ磺
ǲŲǣС֮ϲ̵ЩꡢϹɶģð̸ֵСľƣҪĴϻأ

˵˵ţȻ
ˣ֡裬극ݣ˵ǻȥҪһ׶أ

ģ
մһϲüң

մ̲ס
䰡ҪּҲ۵Ĵ˰

Ҳͷ

ǰĵˣԼҲٺɵ

ΨڳϵŻϲصļˣһĨǳ





78.     ڶһ磬ֺԶʹӡ

ڶһ, ֺԶʹӡŮʮɽ·ȥɽ־ǿ

ڶ̫ãС֮ԸǴû߹ôԶ·һͣͣ, һ˻Ǽֵ־ǿĹǰ

ֺԶ֣صĶ־ǿĹ

־ǿֵ, ǶԲס, ǷŹ㣡

Ǹ, ϧǸûԵһദ

־ǿֵ, ĹŮ, һӶ, ˭ҲıʵּҵĶ, һһӶ

ֺԶ㱣֤, Ժһչ˺ø־ֵһ, չ˺ǵŮͷİɣ

ջ·ϲɵһҰ־ǿְֵķǰ

ĹϤ, ԺﲻϸʱְദҸ䣬̲ס¡

ְ, ڹúܺáҸֻȻǳǳ

һڵҸ, Ǹжá

س̵·ϣջɱһЩ˸С

ȥŮȴֺԶֹˡ

鱨棬־ǿֵܶȷʵã׶й֮޲

ҪȻҲΪ־ǿֵܵ׹Ů

Զ־ǿֵܵĻóȻš

־ǿֵܻԶŮҲ˶ֵñǡ

ֺԶ֮ջһߣ·Ϣʱ, Ҳûȥ

֮Կɾûôˣڰ·;ƣСһѾױΧ۵ɽˮˣ

ϢʱһֻϱƯ

ϧС̫ܵˣһգ۾굽Ĵõﲻˣ֮񫶼û

Сһﾾ˼ҰݣְľԣıܵջǰԴ

ջϲֺĵܵܣϲЩȻ£˳һñͷϣ

֮ԿñͶԲˣͷϾͲժ£˸ľֵջӰ׼˵İ·

ջģõϵéҶ˸͵ơ

֮ԼֱŲưְ֡ʹҫ

ϣһϸֺԶͱֱûˣ

֮԰ְְ㱣ܺˣʡȥ·Ūˣ˵꣬˳ƾʹԼڴ

֮Կ飬һ֮Ȳˣ
֣˼Ҹոտ˰춼ûֱ֨ӴԸˣ

УۼСҶӰƵȷܣҵûȥ

ֱ֮ţ
۸ˣǽұģȴҪ󻵵

ۼүҪˣһֱûôߵ˹ŮߣǸˣŮһ̯ƣȻ̵ֻĲƣ

޵
ɣͲֹ˵˭ôƯĶȻҪ͸ˣ

ԾֺԶһͶȻտҲٿϱ§ŹŮ̵Ĳ֪˵ɶأ̲סһۣ
ƫҪҶ˺ö

֮ƲƲ죬֮СƵҡͷ
С벶ȸں󡯣֣ˣ趼Ըˣ

ֺԶһСƨϣû
ְȻˣʰС´࣡

֮ԳŸ˸һܵջǰ
㣬ٸұһɡҺͰһһ

ջ֪ǴĶӣСֶ껹ꡣ

̹ɩΪóֹȽ϶࣬û鿪Ҳûܹͷһڼ˰ޡ

ջһҲ۵ģܷܵ۵С
ã㻹ѺС񣬵ʱֻܶԴȥ֣òã

֮˵ֱǰסջડһڣ

ֹ֮Сһֺܿ췴Ӧ
ףΪʲô˵ҪҴȥѵ㲻һȥ𣿡

˵⣬ԱЦпŽһ

Ѿɷ֪Ůľ

˵ıŮȥҲ»Ů˶УֻܣͷӦŮ¡

˵ףһȸŮʮĸ˵ôüŮطֿأ

ջЩǸȻĿһۣܵ͵
ǸԣʱܸһȥΪҪ顭

Ӧ㣬Ⱥٵʱ򣬽ͻȥǣ

֮СüͷЩʧ
Ǻðɣ˵ΪһĴӦҪԼĹ͵

ΪһĵܵܣӦôųĽ㹤ֻ֧ˣ

ջҪСһﶺЦˣæͷ
ãǽллԵȫ֧֣

ֵ֮
㣬˵ãżһҪϿȥŶ㶼֪ķж󡢶Ư

ջЩ죺ҵķ䣿

֮ʹͷ
԰ķ䣡泬ģһкܶ·ߣƯֺ棡

ֻƽʱҺͰȥ棡һأ͵ȥѴĴŪˣ軹ִƨأˣ

ʧЦ
⺢ӣܵǰҵ״

ջȴˣЩûڼң軹רΪһ䣬еĺöĶʧһ

ӿ̲סֽס
衭лл

§Ůһĺ󱳣һ
ɵӣıһΣһŪ㣡

ܵĸǷİջж־ǿְֵźͱҲ嵭ࡣ

ڼֶİˣԴ˲ٹ¿

ʱţ־ǿְﶼԶռҪλãһ䡣


صүմ󲮷˵£

үѾк罫ʽɽӳꡣ

һЩνסͷԵƷ

ҪͷչЩũƷɽ

ֱ湩ҲܣȻֻһʽۻԱÿȴõʮǮĹʡ

ʮ㹻һĿɽԴˣ

ռ˶û뵽үӶô죬մ󲮷ֻûϼأһʱЩԼɲã

̾Це
ֶӡֶϱģڴӻûķӿ꣬Ҫ˹ҴӽǢѡһƤȻǷӣ

ȷӸǺãҪܡͻһҲ/죡

ͷӸǱߴкˣʽǰֶϱְֵĴһ죬࿴ȻϤˣ

ռû뵽ּڰ㵽һʱмѣ

̵֣̲̽סĨ
Ͻ㣬ռϱӻ˵£ⱲӵһģǸмò֪˵ɶã

֣Ц
ãһɶ˵ģⶼǸģҲɶԺ׶۵ĺӻںͷأ

һϲ˿ֵʱȻٲʳˡ

СĢŨԵĸɲŹǣζĽ˺㣬ˬڵʴƤطζҰ˳

Լû˴ߵĹ⡢κ͸ըС

紺ѧ˿һһЦ֣þöͣЪ

õʱǹ÷ɿ죬һգۼȥִ󸣺֮ļҪˣֺԶ״ȶҲҪϻصĸλϣ

òײŸŮžּۣȻֲᣬ⼸ǵҲɽˮɢ棬Ҳϲɽˮĵط

էȻҪ뿪ĵĲܣ

ûأѾ§Ů˺üС֮ҲԵøʧ䣡

⼸죬СһﲻͽദĺãԼĺҲһƬ

ÿҰˣҰץС棬ֱĲˣ

͵͵ջɲҲѧջᡢǺЦ

ۿŷֱӽˣջæŷֱүү̺Ͱְҡ

ڼ˵ȥ׶ȵ£˵ҵҽֻ׶ǷȫҲⷽõרңһҪģ

Ҳ˵׶ҽϸ鿴гɹʸߵƷҲ˵

ջ˶ܸˣʱմȴήˡ

ڴӴķѾǺˣ˴ܣٹ죬ʽˣ

մ󲮷ԴҪӹ꣬ÿ춼ĸѧ֣Ĳˣ

˷ϲ¾ˬմɫһһã˶˲٣

ջѾþöûӴϿƵı飬ʱòԾæӭǰе
󲮣Ͷôˣǲǳʲôˣ

մЩĿֶŮһֿۣ˿ͬĿ¶еˣðżѵ
ִ󲮡кԶ硢ɩӣǶԲסǡξͲȥ׶ˣ

һ㶣үȵ
ֶӣΪɶɶѴˣ

մԽ
Ҳ֪⺢£ɽҲ֪զ£˵ɶҲȣʵüˣ⺢ӻƢ

ջһ֪ˣ˽⣬Щɶ£ûƢ

ﵣǣҲ̲סüͷ

һմĵͷ
ǰûãûѺӽ̺ãϹ˴ġ

Ȧһ¾ͺˣ
զúõģ˵ξͲˣ⺢ӣⲻǻ𣡡

ֺԶʱæο
־ֵܣǱżҲϻǲɶ£ɶ˵ͺˣ

Ҳͷ׷׳Կο

ʱһֱû˵ȻС
ʵ˵ˡ

ջæʵ
Ƕ磬֪ΪɶԸ𣿡

ҡҡͷһ
ֻ֪ǰ죬ʰ˵ѡȥȣһӾͰܲܽܣ

ջ׷ʵ
Ƕ㵱ʱôشģ

ʱ˵Ϊɶأ˵ȥκˣ
Դġ
Ȼ󰳸ɶҲû˵֮Ҳûʰɶ

ջ겻˳˼

֮Ļ
ǰĶҲΪִ˲мսѡ

һ涼ܳĽˣתۼ޷Ĳмˣܶ˶

ȥҵսʱҲΪ˵ݾ޴ʹ࣬ǻԼˣԼΪ˵Ƕ³

ΪȥЩҲͲôʹ࣡ҾпҲ

Ѿʮˣ仰˵Ѿʮˣʮε˵ԼڴȥӦǰһС

ҪȥȣָԱлĻᣬڴЩŬάסƽ

ɳɹֻһɣһʧܣҪپһνԼײмḶ́Ҳпԭģ

֮ķʱ

ȷʵһʧܣȻ;˿Ŀܣ˶һСĴ

ο˭޷ͬܵأ

ջҲͷ
ͬ˵ܿΪ޷һεʧܣԸ״

ʲôеִ϶±룬ҪϿһ취

մæ
ɶð취

ջü˼
˵˵ȥ绹ȱٶδĶܰҵһʧܣҲȻֹĶһϣһоӭжˣ

մ󲮵ն˳Ķȥأ

ɶĶɶϣ⺢ʧܶأ

ԣ

ʱȻһŵ̧ͷԭǱŽ̲ĵǮ˽

˶ڴԼ׾Ʈƣɻӭ˵Ŀ⣬¸ҵĶմ˵
ղȥȰȰ𣿡


մһ£˿̣һʱ֪˵ɶ

Ҳ죬̿ʲôſڶԷС˵һ䣡

۾һžϲĿǮ漴ʲôЩʧ䣬ֻԥŶǮ
̶ˡȰﰳȰȰɣֻȰȰͳɡǸùŮ̾Ѿܸмˣ

ʱ붼ôˡ

Ǯӣᶨ
̣βֻȰȰ磡˵ģҪһһϣ

ѾˣңҪΪĶϣ





79.  ǽɣ   µɽ

µɽ³, ηĴ٣һɷˡ

ĵ㣬ܵð峵Ƴڴɢġ

ԡ͵, ԶɫߺȺɽ, ɷ˴

عŷ, ֪ܵܲʲôʱƵ嶫ͷСӱˣ
, ôѸˣ

һͷ, , ۿƵ˺ӱߡ

ջתͷͶԱߵǮ֣ص
, ҸˣΪõ, һ, ȷҪ֮ǰ趨Ǹ侲, ҪȥҴ𣿡

ǮͷԼ¿ڴ̧ͷʱ, ϵᶨ

ѾˣҲ׼ˣһ˵, ٸԼһλ, ȥ׶ȣ

ƵĽʧܣҲһֱߣڣ

ջΪԷļݣϵ
ҲǾ仰δôҶվߣ

УҪˣֻ, һ˶ף֧ǣ

Ǯһ죬ʱԼĴ󵨣ٻЩ߾ɬͷ
׵ġлл㣬

һԺѽӵһջ
ȥɣͣ


ӱߣʻװ
ɶֲ̺˵ģ࿴㻨ݲɶģã

´ӡкӣЩҰҰɶģֺÿģѰ˼Ŵ

ܵɫȷʵѹֵ࣬¶˼Ц
ȷʵǺÿΪôܵ

ٺɵЦʶİ￴һۣȻͻȻŶӣϡһ
ѽ磬ˣͷǰӣšۣ˳ҪֶӣøϽϸé

һæ
ȥɣ˵㣬綼Ȱٻˣٳģǲ

ܸˣϽȥɣ

ӦһŶİܣ

Щ֣ⲻéôܣתһʵڱﲻסˣֻôӺ溰
ӣϴֽ𣿡

ͷҲأ˾䡰ˡˡһ̳

Щε̾˿ջĿ⣬Χľɫ

ˮ߱ݣѾ׺绨ҰõɫСɰŵϻضۻƵѹӢˡ

̣ˮĿ

ǵãʱ·Ϻֱһﻹһ԰ͷ̣

İͷ̻һ㶼Ǵظպ󣬵һҰ˸ðͷȿŵҰ

ɽһΪ紺ʹߣʱܿǲף

ֻǳɫĻ;Ҷ϶һë׵Сëм仹жɫϸž͸ϲ

ǵãͺϲֻ

˵ÿȥҰػСҪë׵Ļ

һȥʱժȥɡ

ʲô

һϤڶȻͻͷǸһֱֻҷ͵͵ǵЦվԼǰʱסˣ

磬ոʲô

Ǯû㶣ƹ峵ǰ֣ҪߵһλãվһЩ

ѹǮͼʱһţҲѿֹԷ


վ

Ǯһ٣Ĭһ˲Ȼǰ

ȻûٿʵĻȴԽϬ

磬㲻ҿΪ±ҿʲô𣿡

ʵҲÿҲ֪ʲô

˵ղղĸǣӦȥ׶ȣǡôܾң

һ䣬ᣬҲһƬϼơݵӳ£ȴõ

һЩѵƿԼĿ⣬ʶ߬ϵı̺ӣȻ
Ҳ֪˵ʲô

Ǯȴƣ
֪˵ʲô㿴Ҷĸ飬һֱڶңʵҲϲҵģ

һĨңȴǿ򶨵
ˣûж㣡ֻǰ㵱Լã

Ҳţ
ǮкܿˮԴǴβһͿʼңЩӣղĸ˵Բá˯ãҲԽԽݣ

˵Լﻭ˶¡㲻֣

Щ֤ҵĸ飬ܿ˰ɣ

˵ţԼ¶óһƴСռǱֱӶ˿

һǸСռǱȴǳ׻

û֪һֱСصռǱ棬ÿһҳ涼

ǮһҳһҳķⱾռǱѾǵһοݣǾͷļ¶

ղĸøҵģĸʵҲҵ⣡

ⱾҹͷռǱϣԭôң

ҿӡЦӡ˵ӡԶӣҵһһЦ¼Ȿ

Լ֪ôı飬ôȻ̬ңûңΪʲôҪЩ

磬Լҵĸ飬ڳϲһΪʲôأ

ջ͸֮Ŀ϶ŵעźӱߵˡ

ϧӱԵһƬҰõҩҰɽݮɵĹľԣǳߣ

ӸߣøЩڴĳǰͣ£̲סǵ
ö˵ȰҪǰϸ

ջʧЦ
˼˵͵Ѿܲصˣ㻹Ҫȥ͵

ˣȱżŴһа취˵磡

̾˿
ܲȰһ棬ҲϣܰȢؼҸɩӣȲУʵӶͦʵģ

ֵ˼ӣʵûģ˵Ҫһͷĺӱϲ᲻֮Գ

᲻ǵһҰݣרųɲֵ֭ˮֻʡ

᲻ݡζģڸʮֶأȴܽʣвɽ߷ľժһ᲻԰첻úˮ

ˣʣջԼֻüŽż⣬ŬԼġ͵

ӱߣһȺҰѼӲ֪Ķɹһ

ھһĳĬվڶۿˣĿҲûԼǻİ⡣

ǣϲ㣡ϲϲ

Ϊϲ㣬ܹúã⸱ӡ˸޾ķպʹ࣬ʲôҲ㣡

Ǯڵȵ˵ϲǿġޣ̲ס
磬㶼ûԹô֪ҵֻǷպʹأ

ֻǵȣһ㶼⣡ֲǲ˵Ҫȥ׶ƣҲ԰

ȴҡҡͷЦ
㲻׵ģΪԼ̹ȻȣԼ±ӣԼϧĿ⣬Ҽþȫ

ʵһҲԼֳƽÿҹ뾲ҶԹ˶ҵĲ

Ϊںҵ˲ôѹֻƴԼʹ࣬Ŭװ⣡

ÿ춼ҪһԼˣһжҵĽֻȥܣҪĴκλ룡

ַʽԼʮ꣬Ҳϰʮ꣡ڵ˵κεĸı䣬һ췭ظҶ

ûжȥһʤֻһɵս

ԴԲԭҲòرܶĸ飡ΪҾһų򣬸䲻ôõ㣡

˵ⷬʱʮƽǮǸܵƽµľ޴ˣҲ̲ס۵

磬֪Щ˵ûϵĸͬܣ

һףϲ㣬ԸһֵЩʹ࣡

ҲںȻ᲻κãԾܾƣ㲻ҪҲܾңֻҪܺһѾˣ

ۣȥԷֻҡͷ
ʮ꣬һӻܳûбҪΪٵһĶԼһ

ٴһ㣬ȵáֵˡ

Ǯô˵øס

ҲΪֻΪٲ£һʱ嶯𣿡

ҡͷ
ҿԺܿ϶ĸ㣬֪ԼҪʲôҲ֪Լʲô

Ҵͱְ͵깬ѧ裬ͿʼŶͯŵݣ

Ҽ˺ܶˡܶ£Ұְȥ֮ǰһֱбڶͲĹŵ

ʱߺܶ˰ͽңϣͨҸְ׽ıЩôҹúɡڣԶȱѺͺȲʵˣ

ְֱȥԺǼҵˣЩΪְְֱֵ־ܾ˿ʼǼҡ

ӪӪҪͽǵҲһҹ䶼ʼԶǣ

磬Ҳ治֪ҲܶĺڰͲ

磬ϲֻΪָɾôϸôƽ⡢ôΪ롣

ֻҪһ˵㻭ľܵõİҪְҲְ

ϲˣȣľûң¸һ㣡Ϊ֮ݻϲһ㡢˽һ㣬Ҫٹô࣡



ջһԼԼ˴˺񳳼ˣЩġ

ϧ粻ڣҲû˰ϸ۲죬ֻԼŽżЧȴǺܺã

ЩƣԺ˵˲٣ôؼʱ̻ǲأ

ʱȻע⵽һÿóϢƯ

һҪĻǲܾܿø㣿

ԼʱҲǰǿӦöٻеĹף
һԣ

ôţ˴˫֣ҵһÿȥȽϴ׳İסɾ׼

Ȼ߹ԼˮƽȻֽŲãǿֻǽһסɣϧһײͿƲסĻ

Сģ
ۿҪָնˣȻ̽һ˫֣εסϸ֫վӡ

ջһͷַסԼɣ뵽Լô˻ѧС˵ǻûȥһŰ۵СʱͨһƬ

ȭڴһԼЦ⣬º͵
ҪʲôҰɣȻŪԼô죿

ô˵ջԽ˼ˣоԼûµĵƤƵģ

ˣ޴硭Ҵʹ˵Ҿվøһ㿴ǣ

Եͷ
֪Ǳߺ̲ҰѼһȥʱ򣬲ҪӺӱ߹ҲƵߣ

ջһ£û뵽Ҳˣ뵽Է֪ϲ£Ҳû⡣

ֻԷֵ
ǳܣҰ㿴ɣ
˵ţ˾Լߵǰߣ̽ͷӱߵķ۲

˿ЩǮʦˣ

ջһˣæҲ˹ŬǱ߿ȥ

ΪһĹԼĺѣҲûע⵽һԼɷǳ˼ͽһ

ɶ˲ͺˣǶŶԷƮĻζԺҲԾ𷽲ֻ֫ʱĴС

ԽԽƲסǻǿżˣ

Ӧһ˲ʲô᲻ã

֪֪Ͼ͸Լĸ뿪Ǽʱжôϲ

ϲǿңֻҪܶһῴһҲǺõġ

ջŽż⿴һϧ˵Ӱ붼ЩԵסˣ

ɰæһתͷͷֶԷһſ죬һ˫ƽ۾˲Ҳ˲עԼ

ջ˴ûȷӦԼѾܿƵĺ

ɿ˵С۾ԽԽԽ

ջʱомܲסæƫͷװȥʹ

̲סЦ

ǵ͵͵Ц͸ԷǻջĶܾűȷŵĿ⻹Ҫ¶ȣƵⷢա

ǿŵͷȥһֻ͸Сĳ嶯֪ԷСǧŵֻǿԼתעҲȥӱˡ

ֻһ̲סüͷԼᱻֵΣգǰ˼ϸ

ջ죬Ҳ˲ǰɬҪѯʣԷȻͷ
ãΣգҪϿȥ

ӱߣİĹҵĸףʯҲҪݣҪ˲䣬ſڻӦ˶Է

׻סˣ

ۣһˮ۽ǻ䡣

ʵϣǲ˽̫˽ˣΪʼյŶԷһսȥ

ʱԼҲ޷û硭

һۣҪٴκľܾ˭֪һۣпҺ󷽵λʱ˲ɫ䣡

˵ǧҶҲͷء

ǮͻȻɫҲòԾ

ʶұƫͷĿ⽥£ȿϵĶʱҲٿȻɫ䣡

Һ󷽴ԼһԶĲݴԱߣȻһӤֱ۴ֵĺڵװװߵĴߣ

һ壬߰εͷ˻˻ӣ

ǮͷƤ顢ȷЩҪڵأ

峵ϵ齹æ
㲻Ҫ£˵ģҪҲ̫ǰҲһһ߹

Ǯҧ촽ֻܻӲȣޱȻԶߵķŲһ

ŵעŵϵĴߣͬʱԺתţҪĻô

ķ֣λʵڲɣڴѵ·ϣһ죬ߵעⶼû취

о²ѣֻܲϹˣ

£߼ֻҪߣͰȫˣ

Ǯᣬǰ

Ҫסܿͻߵģ

ҲǶԷĲܵ˶ԷԼ⣬һһƺҲûôˣ

̧ͷŶԷǺ޲ôԼվĽ֪ΪʲôԺȻǰδе侲

ͻȻͣ£ΪǺ£ҪԷһ˫ƽ۾ʱٿһ

ֻԷ͵͵磬ҹȻϲ㣡Ϊһ̣ľȻ㣡

ոʵǻҪܾҰɣ

ͻȻһõԤУ

㡭

ȻǮȴڵĻᣡ

磬ָԱϹҰյĿΡߵӺָԱᵽн󣡡

Ķߺ٣нһ֣˵Ժǿҧ˵ҽβʱܷУ

磬ҽ챻ҧһڣ˵ܱøһû취·Ͳһپܾ˰ɣ
˵š˵ţѾ档

дֵ
Ҫʲô㲻Ҫɵ£

ǮȴǱ˱ۣһתͷȻнķ˹ȥ

ԭǮҪ뿪ѾиĴ߼״ٴΰԴҲһţֹļƣ

Ҫ
˻㲻Ҫȥ

ҴӦ㣡ʲôӦ㣡ǧȥ

ǮͣסŲͷˮЦд
磬׿ڴӦģ㲻ƭң

ƭ㡢ƭ㣡Ͻ뿪ߣ

Ǯ¶һΪõЦݣŹҪߡ

ķ޳׼ŭн󣬴ߵһţۿžҪӵȻſ޿ֱǮȥ

ǧһ֮ʣһ׺ȻͷһסҲ͹ƣ



ջ֮ۿԼ°ס󣬸æ嵽Ǯǰ

ȷƽ£
ôôɵ֪֪ո޴һ߾ͻҧ㣡

ǮһСҰףȴֻǽסջ߿ޱЦ
ӦˡڴӦˣ

ջ§Լĺѣ̲סȥԷֻĿŴıӰ㶣ɵ

磬һɵԼԺúô𣿡

סԼ۾˳ָһελ䡣

ŷ֣ɣ̶¶һĨ忡ÿЦݣǮֵ
һȥ׶ȡһԺٴһЩǾͽɣ

Ǯ죬ٴӯ

ջҲжѣſѣǱƣ
ȥɣϲ㣬ڵȵһˣ

Ǯ˹ȥԼڻָŵС

һ£ܿͽס˶Էַڴϵһǡ

ǮֿЦҸӡ

ջճɾˣипǧүܱ԰£

˵ƽɺн

תͷһȴһֻɲ֪ʲôɱߣԼŰɳһţ׼ȥ

ɼԾĿԼԼΪԱ뺷ֻý͵
̫ˣֶ߾ԲǺܺõҩģƽʱҲ׵õ

Ǯ͡һЦ
⼸ξͷˣʦ㲻˵֪֪ҲƵ˫ȫߴСģҿûһѵס㣡

˵⻰ʱջǱ߿һۡ

ջյ񣬲֪ΪΣĪǰڰһĻһ˲ͺˡ





80.  ״   ڸϽߣ㣡

ǮԼĿ, ֻǳЦ˵˾ȴһֱźۼջС

ǮȤĿۺѣЦŲ˵

Ŀʼ׷˵ú֮ؿ, Щʲô

ü, ٿɵʱԾʹӵζ

ջ˹Źֵ񿴵û, ܾͻȻˣ

֪˵ʲôʱ, 
, ôȥˣ

Ǯæջ
硢, ǴҸղŵ¸߼ĳ, òã

ջȴ, ̬ȼľܾ
УһҪ˵, &zwnj;üÿ˶֪Ϊ˺Ҵһµľģ

ôҶסҲΪ, ԺԲɵ£

Ҳס֣ͷ
Ҫ˵ģҰ衢֪, ӶңԲܹ㣡

Ȼ, աҵ˵º, ̾ǮһƬģԺҪǿó;ȥúػĽŮ

̸ǽסǮ֣ĿижҲим

ģĸԺһ㵱Լ׹ŮһۣҪͿСӸģĸͲҪˣ

ǮõǵףǻϲǺߣĿⲻȻڶ, ҸĹɡ

ֱգ۾͵ˣ죬͵һպһţҪּ˵ػվ

ռ˺ǮҲȥͱ

ʹǧͣʱҲעҪ١

ջվ̨ϣԼĸĸ˶˻ϣ͸һխխĳ;ԼҲۿ

⼸մһദĵεθԺлЦˣҲ㽺ϣ

֪ԴѪԵȴԶԶѪԵǣѾ裡

ǣǡʹ룬ŨŨȴһ;һů顣

֮һֱڿޣ𣬻𳵻˲䣬ջҲ̲ס档

Ҫޣȷ٣㣡һ㣡

𳵺źХͣջԺģǳǰſǻĺԼ׺Ȧ

ҪѹҺܿ컹ټģ

ͬ۾Ǯοķס˺ѵļ

Ǻּһȥ׶ողűļСôҪԷֱǮҲЩʧ䡣

뵽ȥ׶Ŀģִĵڴ

С־Ůᣬ۵İο
˵Ķԣ۲ѹߵĶһǵĶ㣡

ջ˵ͷŻȥķ򣬿峿õڳĹϣһ⡣

ľͷֿǣΩԸ¾ã֮һ

ص˴ջԼ飬ʹһȥѧУ

ջʽָ̿ΣǮٸһֿκͻع硣

ʱϿμϢʱһ칫ң椵Ա߻ϲ󱦣

һջıǰ
ʦǮʦͰѧˣ

Ҳ
ԡԣʦⲻǸɶ׻СϰǼ԰һϼƣӦӵĺٰͰ椸͹ˣ

ջЩȣ֮ǰ֦ﻹ˵Ӵĸ׻С£ôһת۾Ӧˣ

תְ֮ǰү־󲮣öڴͥ¡

Ϊ˵ȫԱĻԣְοֱӸ˺ܸߵʽӵ˼Ҿûвĵģ

Ա椣ﵹЩˡ

ô˵㶿ѧ˵ְֵİ취õģ

ջ椰ѧֽ˽ңٲ֮ǰĳһ

ʹһ¶˻ĵЦݡ

Ȼ̻ҲҪŬκһ㳯Żĸı䣬˸˵ģ

֣ɴһȺѧڲٳȦ

źǵĻЦܾãδֵڴ


ʱˮջ͸ĸƵŴͼ÷ɿ졣

ת۾͵µףǴ˰һȵļڡ

Ϊʱӳɽֲݵ顢ͷïʢ㣬˼ҵĲ԰Ҳ˸ֹϹ߲ˣ

֮һƬַǷ

ʱ򣬴ķľҲɽɷ

ĸŮſŲӣɽЩΡߡɳεҩݻǮ

õʱ˲κ֥

ҩģŮԵĻɽĢ

˰Ĺɭ෱࣬ĢĢСĢĢţĢĢľͷеġвģܵмʮ֡

ˮ٣ĢҲ磬һƬһƬģ廨šʽÿɰ

ǳĢ۵ʱ򣬰ǲɻؼңɹɺ󣬵ȹ͵ʱץһݷüСһˣҲõóֵģ

ҹҲոĢ۸ǲڴ˵ÿҪ֮һ

ɴմ󲮷Ĵ꣬Ҳȥܣһ˾͵ĸСʱúܣ

˵մӣǿǴҼĽĶ

˼Ŵ꣬ʽĹԱ˹ҷģ

͵׶ȣ˵һ£Ѿվˣ

СƽʱŷľɽоԼӡɶģ̵㻨ǽһÿ

˵õٻ̵ȥʱ˶

и۲ģ˼ֶŮװ˲һھ͸гƱ

־ա־ֵܼһһţüһ˴гﭹڴôһܣɰѴү۲ˣ

Ҳᣬ˵ռҲãһˣƽ׵ô

ĳǣү͸˻ȥ

ֱ˵Ҳռ۶ãԼĹŮãҪЩԼҵ׹ŮϺúôı˼ԣ

˵гˣ˼׵˻ֱӰǶͽũȥ

&zwnj;үѵȻҲͲҶˣ

ڴΪְְǷ׵ġͥţټ֦ջĸ׻СֲиŬµķҲȷʵ˲١

ŮȥѧѾͷ˵ûȥڼԼѧϰʱҲûǰһš

Ҳ٣ûٶŮҲûһ˾Ͷɶƴɡˣ

²ųϴεĽѵҲʵˣÿ찴ʱϹؼҲʹ۸źӡ

ɶȻΪҪæż£Ȼڽһпվͻȥÿܶμջٰĸֻ

һпѧϰĻᣬ̺ͷḻԼ֪ʶ

ҷǳջǮеϲǣɶǸǳĲɵС

ǿɶдһƪɽɫģıʮ

ջ⺢ǿӣþôķϣҵңʾԸ⹩ɶѧ

²ȻԸ⣬ǼʵҲǲǵǮһѾͷ׬ǮĹߣȻϷŹŮѴʱ䶼ѧϰϣ

ǣջΪԼϣҪյʱû뵽һֱĬ²ϱȴˣ

һųŮ˸²Ŵһܣ˵²ŲùŮȥ飬ҪŹŮ浽磬ù쵼ȥͽ̣

һ浽磬һ°²ŵòҿˣԵڶ²ϱֺǺǵİɶ͵ѧУ

һлջǰҪɶ顣

ʦлл㣬ǰŮѾûٸ鷳ˣҪռˣǰɶˣ

ģӽԺҹҲҪɶѧҪٸò˵ƴ

Ϳ뱲ˣҲǸΪ˺ǻˣ

ջ˲λĸ˲һӡ

ҽãջҲΪָɡȥѧĺǡ

һÿһٰܾĽα

һǽʱѧϰСѧϰ࣬רðĩʱ䣬ȥæЩûֻѧĺǡ

ȻУÿĩĺǮҲһֱĬĬ

мΣΪڽѧĺǽΣһֱڣɾһֱڽſڣȫ͵ҡ

ջԼеףԼڶԷкǲһġ

Լǲ֮ǰѾԷԭ򣬹ΪԼΪԷƷԲ԰նһ㡭

ҲЩŪˡ

֮Ӿһƽֲƽжȹƽʵ

磬ջڿ°ѧǹһ±ѧڵݣôϰˡ

ĩԣǾҪʼˡ

ǵصϺѧУĺٻŵñȽ磬һٵļھҪѹһЩ

ȻҪԣ뵽֮һµļڿɽҰǷڴ

ѧУֻջԼȥ

ϸջ󲮵ظ飬Ҳүҽȥһˡ

ϴү֮󣬿˸ûؼ

үؼҺҩһʱ䣬Ȼһ̹١

үԼҩмֻ֣ҩζҩûУҲȥҽԺ򵽡

øĩ٣ɾ˼ȥҩ

ʮѧУѧ

ΪĩϰջҲûôҵڰ칫Ҵһ׼غŴؼҡ

ʱ󱦺椺Ȼŵˣ

ջɫԣæ
󱦡椣ʲôˣ

ȵ
ʦɶˣ

ջûף
ʲôˣɶ˵£Խ𣿡

ҽסڸںΰӵѲˣӾͻңʣҽչ˵ܵܺ²š

ɶ˼ѲˣǽҲùȥһˡ

ǣʦɶ˵ˣˣԣˣ

ջԽԽ鲻ԣϽס󱦺椵
󱦡椣ȱżϿԭί˵һ飡

ֻôͷʼͣ

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ܳȥٳ£ϽȢϱģȻڿǲҴջˣɼϸڹ磬ԲҲôĸСӡ

ʵĹŮҰ

һϼƣͰ󱦼ңߥŮ޻ң

Ҳ֪ǲȱۣͰ⻰ȥˣָűһƿڴ

ҾҪٸҴⶪ۵⣬ͰԼң

ֻûؾԼҸɩͱɩˣԹùõĲ֪άԼˣ

ֻͷСɩ֤϶ֶ˵Ưϱ

ȻͰ˸ҴŮʮͷϣ

²ϱӻҲڣ˾͸̾ɶź²š

˵˵˵²ţԶʮǮĲ񣬽²ɩдһš顱ϰӡ

費֣Լ͵͵ĵŻ飬ɾͽ椿ˡ

һֱ϶ʶ֣һĥš顱˼Ĳѣæ˿ȥ֪ͨ˴ɶá

ְ֮¸󱦣һֱΪҽģ֪ô

Ⱥװ˷ѧǵһ²ڼҺȾƣȻһ̲࣬ɶȴӰ

Ǿȥƽʱҽ͵͵һĺԺԣڲҵһҽµţ

ɶдġ

˵²Ѿ޸Զӣ͸飬ⱲӶңҲز

ĸףһҧ׼ҳߣɶҲһߡ

˵꣬ʹӶóɶǷŽջ

ջæϸһ顣

ݸ˵һֻǽβĲҽܴǽøջ˵ǸΪջ˵˻ѣϣջԭ

ſջгأһʱȺ²ŵĺģֶõĴ硣

ûǮؼûнţ綼߲

ΨһпܾܵɽȥҲģ

ɽɽô࣬ɽϸ޺߳ϳûǾֻСʵ̫Σˣ뾡һУ

ɵǣǶľȥˣŮҲնȥĢ̡ҲŴ︾Ůһɽ

ڴﾹûܰæģ

ջֻöһ۰Ͱ͵󱦺
ʦ취ȥһ椡󱦣ȥӲүүæɽ־ţǾˡ

Ȼһˣȥںΰ֪ͨӣ˵ɶȥ

̲ס
ʦȥĶ

ջü
ʦɽˣ

Եǵ
ʦҪԼɽǺΣյģ

ջͷ
ʦ취Ҽ֣Ҳİɣ

˵䣬ջѧѧУճžȻſɫ̵̻ɶ

ɶ

ջһϲæǰֻɶԼһЩż
ɶôֻԼأ

ɶСף۾ӺͨͨģջҵۡһͿ˽ջ

ջһסɶͷС˺ູܶæͳ־һ߰һ߰
ɶޣʦ׷ʲôˣأ

ɶҭ
ʦ㲻ðˡ˵۰һ⡢ͰѰˣ

ջʣɶǲɽˣ

ɶŵ˵ͷ
㲻޸ԶӣԸɽﵱëŮ˵ðһߣɽԺ󡭡˵ɽ̫ˣͷҪѰ
ɣ˵ҪġҸɽͷȥأ

ջʮֵǣСļ
ɶʦ˵һŮɽϺΣգǱ뾡

ʦ֪Ǻʲôģ󱦺椶Ѿʦ˵ˣְӡǷ⡮顯κηЧӦû˻ϣ

ֻҪһʦʹӵĸɲǶΪԲ־ô

ɶҧ촽ʵ
ʦզ죿һָ飬ðզ죿

ջæ
ģҲһ룬ôôһ򲽣Ҫ飬Ҳһ˵㣬֯ҲҪ

µʱҪ룬²ŷ룡

Ҫðֲţϣ룡

ɶ˲ᣬʦģʹȥҰ㣡

ɶ˵ͽһʳȻ׼ϱߵһɽϣû뵽·ϢʱǲٸԼɶ˻

ջ꣬ɽߣΪ˱󱦺椰ǰȥҴǡ

ɶȥҰİ೤ﰮԼװؼҴӿռȡһذ״ţ

ϧ̴ɽҪȻذܸ֣

ﰮɶĻԼӼ˰˾͸æɽ

һ·ϣһСʱڵ˽֮ǰɽ£

ɽԺﰮǰ棬һһŸľݺ񡢲½ŵĵطľһ²ݴԡ

˰СʱŵɶͽֿĵطȴûӰ

ɶʱͻˣæܴ󺰵㣡Ķ

˾Ӧһ

ϧȴֻһȺ񣬳⣬ûаӦ

ջһԼĵ¹ȻǷˣ

ɶɽȥˣץʱȽȥһ̣

ҲǾ͵Ȼȥȸ˲ܼɽߣ

һĴҲԽԽΣˣ

ջЩأ˿Ѿˣǰʱ̫ҪߵӲɽҪ˵Ժ

ľӾɽɻӦñȴӴӳһЩֻϣү־ǽӵŶܿϹ

ҲĬĬֻүܱǿҵ

֪ǲˣɽ˴ԼһӺﰮȻۼһɽݮϷһСƲ

ɶһǲ;ǰ·ϵģ

˰ǿһƬɽݮ֦ѾЩɽݮԭһӵıԵȻǸġƽ״һ׶Ĵӣ

ӵ׵Ӳݴſһˣɲ


㣡

˸æСĵĻӵףɫ࣬˫۽գǳʧȥʶ

ջһⲻˤ˵ģæȥ

һЩ֦˵С˿⣬ջִϻ˸

ջȻ˸õԤУæƿĿȣȻȶѾͷϣ

״Ȼһͬò˿ڣ΢΢ƿǲһɫҩݣ

ɶסͣŴŵµ

ﰮҲʧ
Ǳҧˣ

ջǿ񣬰ϵĲɣһλ

ӦԼǰֻͲס߶ɶڱ뾡ͻȥҪȻΣգ

ﰮҲǸʮĴкֱȽأ˵ıջںš

ɶھľź¹Ҳ˲ᣬ

ЭӣջɶԱ߷ŴԼӹﰮ͹ǰ·

ô˶ʮӣۿɽԽԽʱջȻͣ˽Ų

ǰǸʱ·ϵӴӰɫһף

˱ۣǿȶתͷͬĿ¶ֵﰮɶҡҡͷÿʾˡ

ﰮɶҲŰΪջ򶨣˻ź&zwnj;ߣ

ۼžͷϹԽԽԶ˿ʼȿ񱼣֪ܲûֻǣ֮û׷

˿

ɶɷʵʦզ죿

ջͬ亹ﰮ
бɽ·𣿡

ﰮͷ£ϵ۴ϱܵǱɽ£ƲԶ

ջͷҲû취£ԶҲǿ

ڰ߶߶죡˵ţҪӹϵ

ﰮϣջȴֵ
ʦģȥ·Զֻһˣ

ﰮջֻ֣ùԹ

һ·ű˳ϱߵķɽ

һ·Ϊȡʱ䣬ǲϼӿٶȣ˲̽·ҺҲûϹ֮ޡ

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ﰮɶںͷæţﰮʦ̫ˣæ
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סֻǷһԣû̫Ӱ죡

ʦ

ﰮɶæҪȥ˭֪ջȴҡͷ
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˸æȥջϥһ

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ḻ̶̌һһС˿ϣܹа˸ÿһһ߶೤ұָ֣

еľһ˶Ƿļ˲Խ˿Ȧ£γмһССԲμ˿ڡ

ͷȲСĲȽ˿ʱӲһȦ˸ľԻİ˵ӣ൱ֱӰ˺ˣ

&zwnj;⣬滹һףһôӣȵͬʱҲᱻס

ôΣյ壬һ㱡ĲƤŸͨ·ɣܱȴûκʾҲ֪ʲôôΣ

ﰮŰ˸ľ̽ʦСȴֻҪ΢һ¾ͱضҪƤѪúݺ

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ջҲֱùȻܣҲǲܲеʱ䣡

ȱľʱ䣬ϵ
ˣʦԼɣڹƻʮӾɽˣɶͽˣǸϿߣ

˶ģﰮ
ʦŪģҪȻǰߣ

ջҡͷ
ľ̶˿סģòǲٵʱˣߣ

ɶҧ촽ʦð೤Ͱ㣬㣡

ջȴʷһζԼѧ

Уֹ֣ٳ⣡

ˣϻˣ˻ûɽذףǵǣ

ڸϽߣ㣡





81.  ϲ   ջһ˫۾ɴˡ

ʦ, ǻȥͺ˹㣡

ﰮҧҧݺݲ˰ᣬɶһһԾɻԵ

̧žͼɽܣɶ߿ޡ߻ͷ

ﰮˣߣ𹼸ʦ⣡

ѧߵٿӰ, ջŵͷ׼塣

ӴױȽϼ, ذ׸Ͼ, 鷳Щḷ̌

Ŭ, һơ

ֻǰ˸ľ̾ͽС, ֻҪ΢һ, ܸеľ̴͸ϱĲ, ֱӴƤ

ſϽȾѪ, ջ, ڿռһ, ǿҳһ͡

ذװһеͶͿϺܵӲϣڸѪζ

ϸ۲ϵľȦ, ˸ľϸ˿һһС˿šɵԲȦϣṹǳȶ, Ҫȡ, Ҫĸϵľ̲С

ֻ˿ֻ̫һһ𿪣ÿһ£ľ̾ͻ᲻ϴƤ

ʹжʮӣ۵ͷ󺹣Ųḷ̌

ľ̺ѹҲ˲٣ؼ㹻ĿռȥȲ˿ڣ

ϧռûֹѪҩ, ֻʱøɾëѹ˿ڡ

׼ʱ򣬶ĲݴȻһOO@@Ķ

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ݴԻζĸŵ亹ʱ͵éݼͻȻ̽һë׵СԴ

ջ۾ʱһϲɷɣ

С͵شڵջߣʹԴﹰ

ɷɣô
ջϹ⻬ƤëûСһֳһȦҪɴˣ

ɷȴĻΧתһȦľ˵ȣƺ֪ôֱУ

ջСԴ
ûϵѾˣٲͺˣ

ɷӦʼƴǶڣѰǸľ̶ڳ

˷ɷɵ飬ջһĨ˰ѺˮͷŬľ̡

СȦϵ˿ʣȦΪֻʣһ̶㣬ľ̵ļ˿Աת

ȻɱĻҪһ˿ڣǽСȦʱ򣬾Ͳˣ

ɷɳȾѪС໽ţ۾ҲʪģȻǼΪ

ջһůҪȥͷ˵Լû¡

ʱɷɺȻ̧ͷԼĲݴԷҲĵͺ

ջ̲Ծ˳ŷɷɵĿ⿴ǲݴԣܿ㿴һֻͷܴġè˳

ͼһֻˣ

ȫǳɫźɫߵ㣬غɫë֫޳βȴֻ̣ܶצִֺ̤ڲݵϣܸһַΣյĸо

ֻèĳջɫޱ䣡

ⲻèɽ׳ơɽӡ

ֻһӲݴ߳˫΢΢ҵ۾ڵϵջͷɷ֮شȦĿջϣ

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ȴǣֻǶջһֻȾѪëĿ¶׹⣡

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ջǰķɷӵ¸ҵӭδ֮һ

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Ǹոһ˲䱻ǼΪĴצӸˣ

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