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̫ãŮŪˡ
ΪܵĶӼСܣͯǲʮ֪Լиá
ñһʱ򣬳ֺڣһӪģСͯǲˡ
вã˵ͯǲã
һ󣬱ðװۡСһóķ𺰵硣
ͯǲ죬Цݲõſ˫֣
Сܹסꡣ
ͯǰһһ硱ţ
ͯǲ
ݣҵã
ҵģ
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p1´鹹(б˾ʦԾѧУȵȶܿ)㵱ˣ
p2һǣԡ
p3ո٣΢@ʮβ

ݱǩ  ִܿ  ˬ
ؼ֣ǣͯǰ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ã
⣺ϣջɹ 


1 
ǰԴ˿һŽϢ
۾üͷ˳
˿̣֪Լǰˣǡͯǰ
һ·ǰըǰһƬڰ
ʵûһԵǵˣҲˣֻû뵽ô򵥡
һǰ˾Ҳˡ
Ժȫһ˵ļ䣬ʮŮļ䣬СһЩãļ䡣

ǰ۾ǰվŵǸӢˣЩͣȴ˧ֻǴ˿̶ԷؿԼ
ˣͯǰʧɢʮŮҵŮˣҪŮͯҡ
ͯǰû˵Ϊ̫ˣʮŮŻؼңĸĸ͸磬ãȻ˷ϲá
һ䡭
˵ͯԺˣһܲãʧɢʮŮǰûһ
ֻĵκۡ
ý飬ȴƧ棬ƾɵ·ͷɿݣһɪ
ıһѽǰס
Բ㣬ıܿˣ޺סŮ
ǰס΢΢ü
ͯǰʮ䣬ĸֻڴ˼֪ǰŮˣʮ»̥ˡ
ǰȴ̴һμ֪ǰͯǰģȴԼ
˵һ飬ǰ벿ֵŮͯԺԵܲúɵޡ
ʧͯԺⱻƶŮ񵽣˽˻飬˵һͯǲȻͯԺָ䣬Žİ롣
ܣ򡱲СĸŪˣСµͯǰԷƭˣѾˡ޵ذȴû뵽ȥһ¡
ȵͯԺҵҵСѾ֪Ķȥˡ
һֱʮ꣬ͯҲҵͯǰ
ǰǲ˵·ſܡ
ܲˣһ۾һ˹ȥ

裡
ˣ
һң͵ȥˣͯǲŴվԭصġá
֪ģڴ֮ǰ֪Լһãֻ֪Ϊʧȥĵڶģȴ
֮ǰģõġܡðˣͯǲͲǺܸˣϵԶĹϵԶȻ
ǰ˵ͯǰѾˣȻǶûиĴڣ֪Щһֱܵ㣬֪߶ŶԲ㣬ǳΡ
ǰû˵
ͯǲһôģѹҲʹʮ꣬ˣһȥҽԺɡ
ʱǰ˳Ǹãļ䣬ͯǰʮļ򵥣˳ˡ
ãļ䣬ȴǷͯǰһ£ͯǰĹȥ͡δ
ǸУͯǰȻͯ˻İȴҲżظȥ
֮ҽԺ㱻ͯԺжǻͯҡ
ϧصͯңԽԽãͯǰȴԽԽԱ
ƶɽ߳ȥͯǰ˼Ҹ룬ͼ˹ϵҲܣ˺ѧУɼȴһֱף˵۸Ҳ˵һԱȵ㡭
ͯԺҲ˻żͯǰŰ󣬡ȥҽԺɣ϶Ҫһۼ㡭
Ȱһ׵ᡣ
ǰ̧ͷ˵˴ҵʼĵһ仰
Բҽ첻ܸߡ
ͬʱһ㶡
ͯ˻û˵ΧĴǾȰ
ոѾ˵ˣǹⶪġ
ѽҲʮ꣬ǻȥɡ
ɲǣóǶܰġ
˲кǰ̡½ҲһЩ
ЩǶΪͯǰãжԼˡ
ǿ·ӣҲͣһƣǲɵƾ֪ͯǰҪصһͥ
ǮļôҲ鶼˵ĺðɡ
ǰ֪ʲô˼Ҳ֪Ϊá
ͯǰôѡģȻȴˡ
ͯԺ촽΢΢Ĺⶼʹְࣺĺ㡭
ͯǲ򴽣˵ʲôû˵
ɡҽ첻ߡǰ˵
ͯԺ˫۶ʱ
Ա߸ͯܣͷȥҽԺɣСߡţȷСɡ
ͯԺͷһֱͯǰְȥҽԺϾ㣬ò㣬Ҫ¡
˵꣬ҧҧ˳ӡ
ҲܵԼӡ
ͯǲͯǰһۣȥ
ӺܿԶȥ滹ֻͣͯżؿһʣµ˶ˣͯǰȻǽܻҪ
˵˺ЩЦŽǴˡ
ǰվԭأ㶳
ԲߣҪһˣһͯǰʹࡢڡڻˡ
ǰѾ׽Լļ˳ǰѾˣͯǰ
Ҳǰǡͯǰ
-
Ѿˣǰ·ĳͯǰӵļ䣬Ҳ
û̫ǼæͯС㣬ҡ
ס
ƵûߣһڴԼһʽ緹ʲôĶûˡ
Ȼûе¯ȼҲĻ
ȻҲô
æóֻ
ǰڣˣܵ͡
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ҡλɽС㣬ж̫һ
ȥȰɣ̴󡣡˵꣬ͯǰѾվ߹
æ˳
ʵСݶ̫ƣ©ˮԵϷ˺ܶˮ裬ûжٿվĵط
ߵ֮ǰվĿżªµӡ
ͯС㡭
ʮ궼ס
ţ洫Ųһܵúܿ죬ǳġ
̧ͷȥס
һ꣬ʮӣͷụ́ܶҼÿӿݵģŴ˲֪ٺŵıģҲˣŤŤúܳ
ͷ󺹣ЩģȻǸմӹܻ
ⶼøסĵطסĳࡣ
кգƤ԰ףݣֱһȫֱļ
䣬Ŵһ˫۾ȴһ׺ݵϬվǶ˴Ʋߡ
ӣһʱ֮䣬Ȼ֪ôк
Ǵδй
أڿڣмƣȴ˵䡣
֪ǰǺͯǰΪһ𳤴ı½롣
޸ĸֻһ̣ǰȥˡ
ͯ飬ͯǰܹų󣬶Ϊ꣬Լλʴȵ̡
ԭΪ½ĺӣƫݰСȴû뵽ģ꣬һ۾֪ǳ
һʱû˵
½ȭе׺һ˲ȥ΢΢йЩãȻ

Ѿˣ


2 ֻ
硣Ϥ
½̧ͷžϲؿ˹ȥ
ͯǰȷʵ֮еϲøֻǺֱܿɸӣҲ䵭ôûߣûؼˡ
ؼҡ
ֻлؼҲܹϺӡ
ǰۿһ죬֪ͯǰһҲų⣬Ѿͯǰˣӵͼ䡣
ǰ᲻ԼȴǻǵغǳؼңԼԸͯ˻ȥ
ǰ룬ͯǰʮȻ࣬ȴҲ
ʮǰ˷ӱߣ׻Ǹոĺӣ̫õĵͯԺֺܿ쿪ʼ
˷ŵˣôСĺӲȴҽԺͣ˸ĽҰͰֵɽˡ
ϣ̺ı½ͯǰǸҹͰȥˡ
ǼѾôˣȴǽͯǰҡú
ͯǰϴŵĵ׹ŵģǸ׹ֵǮӵİϵģҽڰӵС˷Ҳûߡ
Ҳͯҵݡ
½ֺܺ½룬ǸСȡġ
Сŵֵ̼ǣı½뱳ͯǰҰˣı½ͯǰժҰӣһ·Ŀİ
̺ԶһҪȥѧУѧҲʲôǮ
ͯǰһֱ˵Ը򣬵Ա
Ϊһı½뻤Ӳ۸
صǮ˼ҵͯǰͷԽԽͣҲԽԽԱ
ⶼͯǰڻԭ
ͯǰڻΪ֪һࡪ½ˡ
ͯǰ·ϡ
Ա½˵עƽûǮˣвѾҪʼָĿ⸨飬ҲǲСѹ
ǡϲѧ
Ǳ½ڹش򹤣ƴǮͯǰѧѡ
Ҳ٣ͯǰϻͯң½ϢϻʱͯǰѾˡ
ܾͯҸǮԼڹǮһųƱ
Ҫȥá
½·ϣͯǰ֪
ողŻͯңЩ⣬ͯ˵ܲˣҲû˸ȫ
ͯǰΪ½벻ˣֱżԽĬҲԽԱգûܹ߽ġ
ٺ֪࣬׺ڻ벿ֵŮ˷ǳ鷳ȫʬ
ǰӻгʪۿǰʻꡣ
磬᲻㡣˵
½ոհŵ̲סɿۿҲ΢΢죬æƿߡ
ͯǰһƬ죬ȴӲԼĴǰ
ǰǳЦݣü䣺磬Է
һֱԱߵĸ΢΢һ㶣֪ΪʲôͯǰûиͯȥҽԺĸס
Ȼ֮ǰû˵ʲôȴͯǰòԣô˵Ҳǰĸסüͯǰʲôˡ
ԣ½Ǽˡ
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ǳԵĺܼ򵥣һͷȻõģһ̲ˣһոͯǰˣһɰ
ͯǰѺɰڱ½ǰ½ֳſӣõǰ
磬ɰԣˡǰ˵
½ҡҡͷԣҲˡ
һҲ࣬ͷǸ賿õģ̲͵ģҲ࣬ԡǰ̬ȼ
ֻһֻĸһһ
½̬ȼ򴽣װźɰ˸ǰ԰ɣǿˡ

æҡҡͷɰ˳ȥ
½̾һÿӽɰֳ룬һԼʣµƵǰǰ᣺һһɡ
̻ڵʱǶʡŸ̳ԣˣÿμȥһһ롣
ǰûپܾոչȥȻԣʵҲƶ
ֻǴ˿ͯǰǸһͯǰ
ǰ磬ҷˡ
½룺𡣡
֪ΪʲôۿЩɬ
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극æȥϴ룬ס泵ס¡
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˺һ½˵ʰû
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½˵Ҳǣʰʲô
ͯʲôߵĶȷʵʲôҪ
硣ǰ
֪Լߣ½벻£ͯҲһߡ
֮ԲǽߣҪټ½һ棬ı緢
õ꣬ӦһԻͲõǰ·ԣȻֹ
½뿴䡣
һҪúõģúö飬ԺͬһѧͬһǰۿֺˣҲֲԼͯǰ
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ǰ硭ԶҸ硣
½̧֣ðŷͯǰԴϣࡣ
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ͯԺ⵽ʱĵѾϨˡ
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ͯԺ⣺ûˣȸϹǶǽӰ뿪
Щɡ
ͯԺʣôˣ
ͯСȥ˺ܶ࣬½ܺãǵĸҲȥ᲻᲻Ӧ⻰ʵ˵ɽǶûѪԵϵø̵ļ䣬̲ס˵˳
ͯԺ̾˿˵Һðٹӣڱ½롭ǻᲹģԺԴ
죬վʲôû˵
룬λǲͯҵĶ
ڶһ磬ͯԺӳʱ򣬱½
ǰ˳ûüкԼŮͼǰ˹ȥż磬ôѼɱѽԺûмˣ
½¶һЦݣû£粻Լ
ǰʲô˵ˡ
Ҫˣ½벻֪ʲôͯҶУûʲôøģҲûжɸֻֻܰĸɱˡ
ȥ꣬ǷżԣͯǰҪˣ½Ѽɱԡ
ǰļۿٴʪ
½롭ӦҲ˰ɣ۾Щף¸һƬڣϴЦݣҪĵ뿪
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ոճ극ͯǲ͵ˣֹǣ滹˲ˣǰڼмǵ÷ǳ̵ıʫͮԼͯϡ
˺ܶණϴżС
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һҹ侲˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪ȻдҲԼͯǰǰġ
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ͯϣ°ͿűңȹӣеΡ
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Ǽûˣż뿪½ǮǸ½ܾԼǮȥǰˡ
һΣΪǰûȥҽԺһ죬ͯԺҲ˽⵽ͯǰͱ½ȥԼۿ֮˵ĸ顣
Ǯָģһ֧Ʊ
Ͱһ𳤴Ҿͽһ½룬Ҳûб˼չ˰ôãļԺʱȥҰ档ͯԺ¶Цݣº͡
½ûӣƽػҲҪǮҲãǽȥҲԣҲǮ
Ӳģǳ
ͯԺ⻹˵ʲô½һһ٣ŵԺһ԰ãһȥߵģĶ
ᶨľĺִţ˶ݡ
ͯԺһ£Խ͡
ǰ֪ͯԺûм½룬ǵһμ棬ܵļУûм½ˣһΣǼˡ
ͯԺǳͱ½롣
ȷʵһǷꡣ
ãҳŵġ
-
ȵ˳ʱ򣬰óһֻǰֺã㿴ֻϲϲ¿Ҫֶû򡣡
еĸȻͯǲ
ǰͻȻڣҵģ
ԣģôˣ⻹ǰһθӦ
վԱߵͯѹڰʫͮ˵һֻѾͷ͸˳ûʶ
ͯǲҪ¿ֻͯԺⲻΪǰһӵ¿ļͥĶȱֻ
ʫͮҲһ˿û֮ǰͦģͯǰеһУͯǰһӾͷˣ
ô˵棬һֻ͸˳
ʫͮЦݸᡣ


3 ȥ
ͯԺҲǰĻЦ⣺ģǸģҪһٸְֶ򣡡
ĳ磬ðʫͮǵЦ΢΢Ӳһ¡
ǰֱӵ˺ӣֻװȥ
˶Щͯ˶ЩΪһֻгʵЩͯ˵
ǰôǣֻװúվܵ½ǰ
Ź⣬Цݲã磬ҵֻˣҰ͸㣬ѵ绰ңһ绰ģ
㶡
ԭΪҪ½룬Ժϵ½á
ͯǲͯǰЦݣ֪ΪʲôͻȻһĻЩۡ
磿
ǣ˭ϡѽ
ǰǱŰʫͮģǰıӰ΢΢Щ
ǰ̰ɪɽķɳ˷ˡ
á½ֽӹˡ
ǰͯǰļ䣬˽ͯҸκζգǰĶ¡
½Ǹй꣬ߡ
ǰҪˣȻҪǰϵ֪ǰô
ܾǰֻ
ͯҸĶһһա
ҲǰļˣҪ֪ͯǰֻͯҡ
-
ǰͼһûдЩͯǰһ׼ʱ䣬һƬ
Ƭȥĵģ½ͯǰվ̵࣬Ǿõıſڣŵ·ϴ÷ס˶Цݣ۵Ҹ
ǰƬп½͵С棬ǰ
ϳˡк
ǰվſڣԻͷ½롣
ͯԺһȥͯңǼҲںٶһӣ½ԥľܾˡ
ҲļңڲԸ뿪
ԷЦЦ˵߰ɣֻʱϵ
磬ǵǵԼǰ򴽡
½ͷЦݲ䣺ǵãһŬҲҪŬ
ͬһѧͬһ
ڱ½룬ͯǰĳɼǺܲġ
ǰصͷġ
˵ֱ꣬½룬ԴﱻһӰ죬Щʣ磬һҪúõģúչԼ
á½뻺̧֣ǰĺ󱳡
-
һ̫˵ģͯһĿھ͸պһʫͮͯһ
֪ͲˣطҲ̫˰ɣõġͯ൱
֪Ҫͯǰؼңʫͮ䣬ͯϹȻܸȤ̾ͺҪ־ɽ·ߣ̫࣬൱ˡ
ʫͮûк߿ǰӣЩİ
ǰҲǿǰ˳ġ
湫ˣٹֻںĳ
һֱ۰İոտûп۾ֻŮ
ǲһˡ
ʫͮں˵ûͯϵθߡ
ʫ̴ͮ˼гЦźͯ˵
Զȥ
ǰﱧƬ߿Żվڱſڵ꣬³һ
½Ȼᣬڿ϶ǸڴȥһЩӣصߣΪƷ
ǰţûۣ½һɳ죬ţٵΪѧѺƴѹԼʱ䣬Լѧҵ
ͯȥˣ½뿪ģֻе绰룬ʱϵΪȥ·ϳ¡
ԼúչԼҲὫʱ䶼Լϡ
õĳɳ̡
ǰſ㳤󣬳˾ǮȥҲܻԷõ
ɳɳĹУˣҲҪֿˡ
ûг󣬾ѾҪٷֱ𣬳ɳĴʵܴʱԸԼԶҪ
ϧûԶ
ֻڳɳĹУõѡ񣬾ŬΪδƴõģ
ǰһֱ֪ϱһֱŬȻǺܳɹزˡ
һӣͯǰȴԶֹͣԼĽŲ
ǸӵͯǰУǱңǸСŵӵдǻ۵̣Ǹɽˮı½롭
֮ղͯǰԶزȥˡ
ͯǰǰὫõδ̿ǰ
½뻹ڣչȥˣδ
ڵı룬Ϊ˸õ
ǰĵ˵⻰͸оոѹֵǽҿʲôͯǰִȫȥ
ͯǰʵǺµģͯңҪٴλȥˡ
ǰвһĴʽҲвһӦ԰취ͯǰ׵ءĵؽ彻ǰ
ǰ˿׷ġ
Ҫȵ𣿡
Աߣ˵ŹĵĻͯǲҲע
ϾǰȻˣȱʧʮദôҲһ衢ɵĹ̡
ͯǰӰ죬ǰ˼ҲԽ
ŪͯǰĴҲעǰܺһĸŮһԷãҲء
ͯԺǸðְ֣ͯǲҲûԲͯǰ顣
Ҳϡǰ˵꣬͸оȥֵһ䣬ҺȰ׿ˮ
ָ߰
æҰ׿ˮûҵ㿴ͯǲǲϴİ׿ˮúȡ
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ôܺͱ˹һӣ
ͯǲʶܾע⵽ԱߵǰЩ΢ɣѾ֪˱ӡ
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ǰ򴽣ŤӺ
ǰͯԺü۶Ц⡣
ӣǲϲĶԣҲ̫ǰòź
ѵõͯǲûоܾһͷͯԺҲ֪ǰ̬Ȼǲһġ
ǰˮͲ֪ôˡ
룬ôӱĵطֱȽϺá
ǣǰ棺Ժ⣬Ǹ½Ҳһ°ɡ
ͯԺͷǸ꣬Ƿǳ͵ġ
룬˵˽½룬ǶҪȻҵɣ˵ɼܺãԺҲûġ
Ҳ֧ƱǸһǰ̡
ͷԣϸ߶ˣٲٲȥ򹤣СС̫ͣ˶Ժ󲻺ãĶ顣
ʵõĴ취ǽ½һߣǰһУչˡ
˽ĵģʮˣͼ˻ûʲô飬űңű½ߣͯҵĹл
Ͼͯ˲ļˡ
ǰȴҡҡͷ߿ͯԺ⣬ȴǳ侲ģлĻ԰һæ𣿡
룬һ֣֡
һͯԺ⼤ۿˣæ˵ԿԣʲôææŮҪʲô˵ˣ
ǰѧУѧʱĳŵȫûУԵĻ԰æһѧУ𣿡
һС˽ѧУ½пɼܺãѧУŵ˺ܶŴ˳˳ûκġ
ɽѧУȴѲУڱ½ҪԼȥѺǰѧѡ
ûмҳȥҪ˺öΣԷѡ
½벻ͯҵĶõõģǰҪΪҪ
ģ½벻Ҫġ
ǰҲţôֻҪһƽ˳ĳɳ㲻κˣ
ûû⣬С£ͯԺӦˣ̽ٽһ𣿡
ڴֽץװ㣬ʱֻһͨĸס
ǰ΢΢Ц֡
ͯԺһӦ
ԱߣۿˣҲڴؿǰ
衣ǰẰ
Ȿĸĸ
һ߲һӦš
ǰƵԱŵкϵĸ硪ͯǲ
ò˵ͯǲ÷ǳãپ£ͷȫү緢ʮȴѾҪһװˣ߸ݣкߵĶĿġ
оǰߣͯǲΣȴǸ֡硣
Ȼǰһۺƿߡ
͡
ƿߡ
ͯǲ


4 
ȿȡͯǲһͼע
Ȼͯǰ߶ָ
ͯԺֻԼˣߴȰؿͯǰѹԱ߻ԼĶӡ
͸˵ˣֻԼĨᣬȫûǰûни硣
ͯǲ
ôЩˣ̲סͯǰ
ǰŤͷûʲô飬ɻ
ͯǲ㡭ôҸ磿
ţǰü
ͯǲˮҡ
ǰû˵ʲôѱӵݸ
ʱͯԺͰע⵽ˡ
ͯԺ˵ģˮúôˣôˣôô¡
ͯǲ
ǲ㲻ǱֻԼⱭˮˣͺϰɡ
ͯǲʱǵҲͱ˹ñˣ
ĺŶ
˿·ܹԤϵｫҲûĵλ
ͯǲǳȻҲ֪ԼĸԴǰʼղһ硱
ŴšӺݺݹһˮ
ȵס߿ǰոջıӡ

ͯԺ⡢ǰ
ͯǲˣߴ͵ؿϵıӣ·𲻸Լոոʲô
ǡ˹ñӵģ
ģʵЩɵͯǲע⵽
ԱߵǰĬĬŰƶһ룬֮Ŀ϶Ӵˡ
ͯǲ
ͻȻ죡
ͯԺע⵽ˣŵԼĶӣΪΧ
ֻҪ½ҪĴҪĳɼԻһõѧУˡ
ǰȻͯǰͯǰļ䣬ҲȾ
ڱ½룬ϸˡ
ȻϣӿԹøһЩҲȻϣܹڸõѧУѧ
Ҳ˽ܹͯѧУһ䣬õõΪһܵġ
ǰҡҡͷ͹ˣܵġûۣõΪԼıġ
ѧУǷ½벻ǮõҲҪٻϡͬҪΪÿһǮĴС˽ѧУΪԼıġ
½һ̵ˣҲͯǰ˳˳
ۡ
ǰ˵úƽȴͻȻ
ͯǲҲסĿĪЩܡ
ͯԺۿˣ΢΢Щôأ㻹ǺӣǵĴûڸֵ֧ʱ֧֡
Сûг󣬵ȻҪĸ֧֡
ΪĸȴŪͯԺĿڳʹǳΡ
˵ֿʼĨˡ
ͯǲҲ죬Ҫ˵ʲô˵
ǰȴЦˣü䣬ɹЩڡݵϴ˵ļᶨ۵׸ǹâɡ
ѽʵûʲôԵġ֮ǰһûԺҵȻŬҲܳΪ
ƽƽĻϴһЦ⣬ȴͯ𾪡
ûпˣͯǲ롭ãĶĲһ
ͯԺȴǰδеĸмм̣м½롣
ǰǽ̵úܺãҲĺܲһ㡣
-
ӾôƽȵʻĻȻͯҵķɻCͯҡ
ʱиͯ˶һ
ͯøҿԺͰһһûʽʶأʫͮЦ⣬һᣬˮֵ쾡¡
ͯԺⱾǰߵģ룬վãʫͮ㰲˵˵
룬ϾոսӴǣиͬ˵˵һЩ
ǰĶ棬ʫͮǰԱ£ͯЩ鲻ԸڰʫͮԱˡ
ǣǰһǰһ߾ǰʫͮͯˡ
ðҽаʫͮ㡣ʫͮ¶ЦݣǰǳѺãò֡
ǰ
ǰԴһ£ǰһ顣
ǰ벿ֵŮǰ벿һ飬ֻ໥
ǱУŮǰʫͮһŮͯҵھӡƼǡ
ͯǰոյͯҵʱõĸ۸ԼѧУܶѧżΨһͷźİʫͮΪ˶Ҫһˡ
ΪǷĿͯǰ֪ʫͮĻôһŮˣȻҲƲȻŮ˺ܴ鷳Ҳȫʬ
ǰعûʲô֣Ͱʫͮա
ڰʫͮûһøУɲɵͯǰһ塣
ǰ˴СԹٶΨԿ
˵һȴԱȷǳ
ʫֿͮô£ûиɹȻϸ𪣬ǰЩֲںơ
ǰһۣһҲûԱʫͮҲ˶ԱȣЦԽһ֡
ͯԺͰǳǡѺദЦ棬ûע⵽ֵԱȡ
ԭҲͯǰԼͰʫͮĶԱȣİʫͮ£Ա˲ӣҲԸó
ͯע⵽ˣ¶
棬ͯǲҲע⵽ˣָĦţ롪
Ѿͷֿ
иӵĻ˪ҪȻ㻨ǮѾͷˣ
Ҫģ
ŮҪõĻƷƷֺܶ࣬۸Ҳˣ

㻨ǮҪûˣ
֮ͷֿˣЦ˵ֻĸ£ãˣֻС£Ժúദչˡ
ǰû˵ʫͮЦ˵Һͼϻúչ˰ģջкܶ಻ϤģԺǴϤϤǻһ֡
ͯȻû˵ȴҲ˵ͷ
ֲɵȻܵͯ˵ʾǰĲϲ
ȻһҲǰȥ֣
Ѿͷһ𣬼ֱǶ
-
ɻܿ죬Ǿ͵ͯҡ
һ·ǰûô˵ͯԺͰͬ˵ҲǻӦġ
Ѿͯ˷ǳˡ
֮ͯͯϱ˾ԼңͯѾûˣͯԺ⻹һܵܣҲͯϵİͯǻһͯҳԷҲǻӭǰؼҡ
ͯһΪϰѧλ÷ǳã˵Cıˡ
װҲǳ£ʱеִϢ
ȲǰȥʫͮĹ۲ǰ
Ѿͷƫƫ߽ıһҲûɪĸоҲû͵͵·𡭡޹ء
ǵļңԺ󰲰סˡץǰ֡
ǰͷû˵
׼𣿡ͯԺʼİ̡
Щɡ
ôˣͯԺü
׼¥ķ仹¥ģ˳
úܼͯԺ͸ȥŮ͸뵽ЩˣҲˣֻڻ֮ǰʰһ䣬ʰһȴû˵
ʰ¥Ŀշ䣬ͯ˶סڶ¥
¥һĸ䣬һסͯԺͰסͯǲͰʫͮниСķ䣬߷
ͯԺҲ˲뵽ˣ΢΢Щü


5 
Ժ⣬ôˣתʣǰסĸ𣿡
ͯԺͷɿüͷǰ¶һЦݣְżȥ㣬ûü׼䣬Ⱥ˯쿪ʼְԸװһһϲķ䣡
᲻ԼոջŮȥס߷ģ¥ܣǻоС
ʵӵʱ򣬸ʧŮװ޵ķǰʫͮǸŸʫͮסˡ
ǲԸģɰѾʫͮŽȥˣҲǲ˰
˿ҲðʫͮȥסͷʵȽϺʣǸסôЩ꣬ڰֽ˰ᵽͷ
ҪȻ߷ĸģͯǲȥססͯǲķ䣿

ǳСӻͬ
ʫͮЦݿºͣͯøҪȻȥסͷɣǰõļңҵķסɡ
ƶ˵
ǰʫͮĵͯǰĵӣʫͮһ㲻
⻰˵ÿھΣʫͮĸֻ֪ͯҪҪǳŮ
һֱŮİţ˵ǰļңǱʶǡļҡ
۵ĻðڣʫͮҪ˵Ҳļңǵļҡ
߿˰ʫͮô꣬£ôܲأ
ԭоģʫͮ÷䣬ҲչͯǰʹȻͯǰˣͯɶ԰ʫͮܺá
䵱ȻҲûлʫͮסǸ䣬ͯǲҲûó䣬ҲͯҵĶӣһһó䣬ôԸ⣿
հ飬Ǽ߷ĳͯǰķ䡣
ͯԺЩΣ߷װ޵رá
ɵ׻ǲһ
ͯǰûеԼԽĬɪֻűңűҡ
ͬסڶ¥û뵽Ըոջͯǰԡ߷Ҳж
Ƕԭľˡ
ǰ˰ʫͮһۣ΢΢ͷ᣺סĶԣѾȼöˣζûεĺá
ܵͣŴ
⻰һʱͯ˵Ŀھ
ͯԺĵΣۿֺˡǸýųŮȻסʮӣ
ʫͮײŮǼ䷿ҲǸŮ׼ġ
ʫͮǿˣסͷҲûϵİɣ
ע⵽֣ܣļӦôԽǸƶıҵأ
ͯǲšζûε仰˵ıƣ񡭡
Ҫжǰһ㡣
ͯԺ⿴ʫͮ΢΢ЩǸ⣺ʫͮ¾̫ˣøһ·ԭһģһ
ʫͮЦ΢΢Ӳһ˲䣬Ҳİ
ôҪȥأ
ոΪ˲ȥ˵ģ֪ͯԺ⾹Ȼôˣ
ס¥ס¥ȷʵȫһ
ܿκЦݣûϵģͷװѾܺˣֻǼ䷿װҲ֪ϲϲ
߿ǰģҪǰͯǰ⻰ͻ֪ǰհʫͮϲ˶ģʫͮΪԼȥ϶ھ˵ġ
ǰ
ͷװžнû˵Ҳû˾ʲôԡ
ʫͮİվǰǰп²ʲȥ
ͯǲֲڶ˵װ޶һʲôϲϲģҪǲϲԼȥ
⻰˵ֲ꣬˾䣺Ѿͷôõķסţɶġ
ǲͯԺǳ
ͯǲʼ磬˵ˡ
Ȼͯǲ̭ǰ䣬ʫͮһҲûи˵
ΪȻ̭ţ֮䣬ѾȻǰҪסԣסԱˣ
ʫͮƵҪѪͯôˣδйҲûܹ
סġ
湫ˣٹ˵Ӱ̫ˡ
-
Ѿ·ֺã̰ŰʫͮĶȥ¥ǰûʲôͯ׼õģԺϲľ͹ˡ
ͯԺⱾҪúװǰûͬ⡣
װ޶ԭͯԺΪŮװģĶǰʫͮģᵽ¥Ϳ˲١
ǰԭϲ򵥣ҲҪװ޵ûڡ
ʫͮһᡰͨĺúӣȻҲûдӦ
ͯҲװޣֻҪöҲʡ˺ܶ鷳
ڷɻϼ򵥳ԹˣͯҪǰϤңҪ׼һԸӭǰ
ˣ͵͵ͯԺ⣺Ժ⣬ҸոտʫͮЩģճ᲻Ӳѽ
ͯԺʲôãʫͮҲǿˣҵͲͬסԣҪŽȥڰˣͷҲʡոջﲻĲǶԵġ
˵䣬߻ſǴȰ
Ҳ˹ȥüֻЩɣǡʫͮ
ͯԺ͵ջߣѵöԼĽ
֪㿴ʫͮҲʫͮôã϶иġҪʱ̼ǵãŮ㻳̥ʮΪСģʮıŮ
ɫ˲ò԰ס
ͯԺŷ̧ĺ󱳣ǶʫͮѾܺˣǲеģУһҲûǶԲǰҲЩ˶ٿ࣬һҪ˷ųԣ·Ҳûµġ
˵棬ЩʣҲ˲۾
ԣѽǶ԰ٺҲΪ
صͷ
-
ǰɳϣԱͯǲ
ոͯԺͯǲúǰȻ˸ۣͷǰԱߵɳ£û뿪
ֻɵֻȴǰ
Էűӣ΢΢ͷϵӷ
ͯǲüǰʼûп
̲סˣֱ壬ǸװˮӶ˶ͷԾͳ£Ÿ
žԼʾõɣæָ˾䣺ô־ûչ㣡
¹һ䣬ҲΪԭ
ǰջߣ̧ͷ
ԣǰЩ֡
ͯǲڵԼĺףɤ˵ʲôΪԸѽ


6 ѧҵ
ۿҪ߳ŭˣǰڿڣҲԡ
ѾԹˣˮ
ͯǲ
Ϊ˼Ҫˮ˵Իô죬˸ûԣ
һʱ֮䣬˵ˡ
ָоʵ̫֣ǱһŻ𣬿ûطա
ãɰб졣
ոǸѵǡ
ͯǲƵվŵŵš¥û룬顱Ĺ
ǰãȻ̧ͷһۡ
ʵϣǰոֵؿһۣͻȻ֣硱񲢲ԭжͯǰôĮ
ԭУͯǲͰʫͮϵҪһЩͯǰͯңϲ˵ʱȥԽɪԴͷ˺˵ૻشһ䡣
ΪԱ
ͯǰͯǲϵĮҲʵ
֮䱾Ͳ֪һ˵Ĵʮ꣬Ҳ˵·֮⣬Ȼͯǲʲôĸ顣
Сӣô¥ˣͯԺţֹ̳һ䡣
漴Цݲõؿǰȱţ̣
ŮһҪúò
ǰ̧ͷǳǳ¶һЦݣ󣬼ָˡ
ʱͯԺϸ׵ĸյģոմӳİҲΧ˵Ż
-
㣬ͯԺĵܵͯһ˾ˡ
󲮣ĸǲ磡ͯϺһСƤЬŵŵš¥
һΣѾͷ͵ʫͮǺӡ
һ磬ѹûոͯϺǰ飬˭кûǰк
ոðһ֣һӾͱĻˣЦŽӻѽѾͷϵãڰҲԺ󡭡
ͯǰܸͯͯô˵һһܿˡԺӾͺùˡ費֪㡱
ǰò΢Цûд
¥ϡ
ֱͯƿ¥ǼͷŲͣôסˣҸոȥ¥˵ǸѾͷķ䣬ô£
ʫͮʵҲûʲôģǶѾʰˡ
Ҫһʲô飬Ȼһ˼
ֱͯӴã漴ԣȴ¶һЦݣûôǡǸסˡ
⻰˵ֹȻͯϵɴ۾ֱˣѾͷǺôӣ
ǹùáøŮǵȻˣҿǲ綼Ǻġʫͮƽ
⻰ǵ˻ͯһͯܳ裬ʫͮȻҲЩλͯʫͮͯҵʱҲûٱż
ͻȻһܳ谮ǰʱͯϲˡ
Щ᣺Ѿͷʲôõģڴ󲮴ĸ˵úܣͷ϶ҪһǶ˵ģȥͯĨڣ
ͯϽڵ϶˶塣
ʫͮֺܿϣҪô˵ùú͹øոհһʱ⻰ҪǱˣ϶Ҫġ
ͯϲ˵ˡ
ҲģȻڼԼǺͯԺͰϲոǻҪǱˣ϶ˡ
ͯͯԺû֮ܲǰֻͨǮͯԺͯʲ˼ʮͯͯϰ࣬ͯҵĲƸ϶ͯԺ⡣
ҲˣС֪ͯԺͰϲ
һͯǰĻͯСĵλ
ͯԽգ͵վ֪ߣȥȥǸѾͷС
˵꣬Űʫͮ¥
ʫͮ˳ߣոڷ侲һ£ͻȻǸոջǰܲ򵥡
ϾԷ˵˾仰ͯ˾ԼˣסǸ䡣
Ѿͷļʶô
-
˺ܿ¥̸ĳ
˵ʲôѽҰʫͮˣͯģΣ󷽷Űʫͮɳ¡
ЦŽӻ˵㰲󲮡ĸ񡣡
ǰǶֱţɪֻ˾˾С
žӿˣȷʵͯԺԼͦġ
ʵϣ˵ŵ㳤ǼΪµģֻͷݻƣźصƤҲЩɹڡ
ǺصǱ½ģСʱͳúãû˻ŵĺӣúòǺ£Ůӡ
½ָס˲üۡ
ͯԣ˹ȥͻȻǰ˲١
ϸͷ·һոµװ֮ǰ仯ܴ
ٿĺͯЦһǰ׬ˣǴĸǴˣһ֣Ҳ㹻ÿˣ
⺢ӡЦҲЦ
ǰû˵ʲôֻ΢΢һ㣬յС
ûвˣͯϾЩüˡ
ǰȷʵûвˣԭͯǰĻȷʵܣͷҲԽˣ൱Ա
˶һҲһûнܹ硣
ŹףͯϽΣֻ
ƫƫͯϻܳų˵ͯǰ
ҾİԸ򣬾ôơޡһһ仰УԽɪԱ
δһ˵ģͯúܺá
ͯǰǰ
һĹ¶Ժ߳ǰ
ͯϻ˵ʲôʱ򣬰׼ˡ
裬Լʫͮĸĸˡ
·Щ³ˡ̫̫Цݲãʫͮĸ÷˽
ѽ㣬ͽԱ򶰷ǲɣǻôԶĵܵܰ𩱧Թ
˾Ǹ죬ܵҪͯҵʲô
ͯû˴̫̫
죡̫̫ݺݵ˰һۣԷƲ죬׻Ǳˡ
̾վǰǣҲǽǰ
ǰţ˾˾衭
ոտڣͱ̫̫һѱڻԷſǻأŮЩԿˣͺã˾ͺã
̫̫úܽ޵Ҳ棬ǰȴΪ
֪ԭģҲˣ֪ԭģҲ֪̫̫⽨עϣհ׵İʫ֮ͮͯǲûʲôŮ
һǰͰʫͮìܣɰʫͮ
һֱԷλ̫̫ǰֲɿˣһۡ
Ҳøһ˰ɣѧҵô˵̫̫ͯԺ⡣
ͯԺ⻹û˵Ǿ˵ȻǺͼϡʫͮһѧѽеĽǺܺõģɼô
Щˡ
Ͼ˶ΪСɽ忼һڶҲŲϺš
ͯԺһǰЦЦ˵ǼҺҲҪɼãϾҪѧˣʱ硢㡢öһѧУҲиչˡѧϰɼʲôְֲҪ󡣡
ͯ̽ӻǶĸࣿߺŶʵ࣬ͨࣿ


7 
ͯ⻰ӵ̫ˣЩûס̬ȣǡߺš֣ͯԺ⡢΢΢ü
ǵͯһۣģȻܹԷʵ
ͯϸæһ䣺Ҿ֪һࡣ
Ȼлûпѧ˼ңǿǰְ֪
ʫͮͯпȻͯϱȲϰʫͮͱ˱Ǻܺã˶ʵ࣬˷һࡣ
ͯǲҲڸ߶͵ʵ࣬Ȼɼһ㣬ƻǲ߽ʵࡣ
ڶĺѧУпշ߿ǲ͵ġ
ǰҪȥȷʵҪߺţһʷãҪʵ࣬ҪʹϾĺѧУÿҪʵǮѧ֪ж٣ѧУƣԻҪʹʹġ
ʡڶѧУһǵһɾڶĻҲǲôýġ
Ҳ˵еͨʵҲ㣬ʵ͸˵ˣ϶رӡ
ʫͮ¶ЦݣϷǳȻظвˣ᣺ҪȻһɣϾѧҵϿܲӦʵൽѧϰҪһЩҲǴŰѧϰ
˵ʱ΢΢һ˿
˻϶ʲô˼
ǰĳɼͨҲǵͲڼͷͷβ⣬ȥʵ࣬иӦ
ʫͮ⻰ǺܸоΪǰò˵ġ
Ժ⣬Ҿʫͮ˵еҪȻʱðȥʵࡣϴֿͬǰҪĸϣпеǰʮ㲹Ρ
ͯԺüͷ
ðʫͮ˵е־ʵѧϰڰԣ᲻̫أ
ͨ඼ϵĻʵҲ̫ˡ
ҲǰְǾÿȥͨһЩҲ˵ȥĶȥĶ
ͯԺЦݴȰǰݡ
ǰ̧ͷ߿ŵȴԼ𰸵ˡ
ʫͮԣ¶ЦݣҺͼϻһѧϰġ
ǰصЩסüۣе
ԭоͯǰЩģѡʵ࣬Ϊ԰ʫ̫ͮкøУſԺԼͯһѧѡʵࡣ
ĳɼͶеѧԱЩǸСѧУһֱҲǰУԶʵ࣬û뵽жôҵġ
ȵʵ֪࣬Լжǵȫ϶ʵĽࡣ
ȫ꼶ȴʵѧ˵ѧżʦҲϽǰηǳȵѧ
ĻͯǰԽԽת䣬ǿԤġ
ǰ˽ѧϰݺԼѧǲһϱӵɼһֱ൱߿ȱۣһرûġ
Ϊͯǰһӣ¸߿ֲźǰ˻ϲ
ᣬ졪
ְֵġ
ѡͨ࣬Ϊηʵ࣬ǡͰʫͮͯϽһ𣬲֪ʡ¶¡
ȻҪúø߿ǾҪúŬû˷ʱĵ
ǰ˵󣬼ָİģͯԺոµİְǸжϳһǰ
Ե㣬̫ˡ
ѾˣͯԺҲͨ࣬Ȼ˵ʲô
ʫͮջʲôû˵
-
֮ٷͳԵıȽƽͯͰ׼˶ȥˡ
ʫͮҲŻ˰׼ңѧסͯң󲿷ַżʱ䣬סڰ׼ҵġ
Ͼհס
ԭʫͮķҲʰ˳ʽǰǰķ䣬סŵľͯǲ
ּһģһֻķһ
ʱǸ棬һֱææʱʱŰŰװʲôȽСҪͯԺʱʱȥǰ֪
ϲϲĶǰְѡģͯԺЩ˵껰ƿ˷š
ǰĻڴģֱĸӵĸоδĸܡ
̧ţ˷䡣
ĿȫǷɫ
ɫĴɫĹӣϷɫޣɫӣзɫΡ
ͯǲ·̽ͷһۣ漴һЦ
ͯԺ̧֣һƺͯǲԴϣݺݵһۡ
漴ؿǰϲҪǲϲĻͷҸʦŪŪ
ͯǲ
ϰֵԴʼԼǲǼģ
ǰǳ˳飬ͷллְ֣ҡϲġ
ɫϵȽ϶࣬Ҳ󣬴ɫǺܺÿġ
ֻ͵Ůӣܶ˶ǲԸ÷ɫܾԵɣĸ;÷ǳʺϺӡ
ǷģǰҲûòܽܣ˵ϲ
ͯԺ˿ȥ˺һ죬ϴ軻˯ϴ뿪
ǰڴϣûʲô˯ʵžŵǷǳġ
ۿۡš
ǰ˵ţؿſڡ
Ż򿪣ͯԺ˽ϻһţ̣ϹЦݣȱţ˯ɡ
ű˹ǰлӹţ̺
ǻЩӪѾãޡ
ǰһʱҲͨ࣬ڵʺͨࡣѧУľͺãְֲҪɼáͯԺ͡
Ůͨ಻ãϾӶʵࡣ
ǰЦҡҡͷû£֪ģеͨҲܺãҪѧúã߶ͻֵʵġ
Ǻɵġ
ѧЩ룬ֻҪԼŬҲѧá
أ־ǼҲǿɼֻҪ㿪ġͯԺЦǰԴ˵һβǿɼ
ǰѹ̫ˣϾеʵֻǳҡ
ǰԼԺʵ಻ôڴҲûж˵ʲôɼʲôģ˵ġ
ȵͯԺԺЩ˯ţ´˼·߳ȥ
ȣﵽǿյЩ⡣
ǰߵԱͯǲķ⣬Űţŵƣ̧š
ﴫ
ǰ򴽣ƿš
棬˯µͯǲڴϣͯǰ죬漴ӱֻ
ѽˣ
ˣ

Ȼˡ
ͯǲֻǰеĲ컹ûȥɶ£
Ѿͷ
ǸϤĵط˯Űɣ
ӴǰŤ𣺡˯ţ
ǡҪǰοһ£
ǡ
ôοѽ
ͯǲץͷ
ǰ֪Բʲôֱ⣬ڣ԰ѸһĽ̲Ľ𣿡
Ҳ˯ţ翴ɣ
ͯǲɶ
һ£Щ£ҡ̲ģѵ˯ţο
ǰȴΪΪʲô衣
룬ػش𣺡ùĽ̲ĿܻȽ¡
ͯǲ
оܵ˳


8 
ʵϣͯǲԼ֮֡
ȷʵǳ¡
ѧﻯѧҪЩڵʷȫһµģûзӡ
ͯǲͻȻ뵽ԼЩڿ˯ӡ
ǰһһ𣬶Сȫ
߿ͯǲѯʣҿԴȥҪãٻ
ǳǳģصס˲üۣͷҲЩݻơ
ɱ飬Сѧһֱͦ󱳣׼׼վţ߿ģͯǲЩ
֣ȥһķ
ɡԡ
ллǰһЦݣŲ뿪䡣
ͯǲվԭأ죬ͷա

ոôû뵽виأ
ǰѾ˷䣬ţϣ̨ƣº󷭿
Щ̲ĺǸһЩ룬롣
ǰЩݻϤУϾϱʵҲбҵû꣬ȣѧûҵ
ϧΪ߿˲ӣûϴѧ
ǰ鱾۶Ǿ漴˿α
-
һͿʮ룬ǰಱӣϵϴ
ʱֻ
ֻһµģϰѰֻ͸˱½룬һǻͯԺָģһģһ
ǰõֻ͸½뷢Ϣϵʽ
ڣ½ոջظ
æֻдš
磺ã֪ˡ
磺úõģҡ
ǰü۶ʱЦ⣬֣ظ
ҺúõģҲҪúõģҵġ
һӣ½ء
磺ôˣ˯
ǰء
õģ
绰ͷոϴ귴˿Ϣüᡣ
ǰֻ꣬ԱߵĴͷϣϵƣ۾
ԭΪ˯ţһϣһҹߡ
-
ǽȥЩٸϲ·һ߶ţ̳һЦ˵
·кܶ𣿡ǰãȻգգ۾
Ц۾ԴͷЩɿݣЩë꣬뵽ԼʧʮŮʱһƬ
Щģ֪ϲϲǽȥһԡ
ǰԣ˵ͷһССںţ̣һӦˡ
¹в·һļĶУȻȷʵͯ˽ģһӣȻӺ
ǰԸŰȥŸոջԷһǻĸҪʱ򣬾ֻܾð䵭
ǲһĸŮֱʮ꣬ҪӪġ
ǰûоӪľ飬Ҳʱܾ
ȻӦЦøӿˣص᣺ǰǺÿģȥͷ΢޼һ°ɡ
ǰɵͷ
ǲȥ𣿡ͯǲ
ͯԺոѾȥϰˣ˿ڼҵҲͯǲˡ
Ů˹֣ȥʲô֡ͯǲ𣬴ֲͷ
˶ôͷ֡
ûûСĻһۣҲûٶ˵ʲô
ȵǰţ̺꣬¥˸µױʲôôİ̫̫ѾɢŹˡ
ǰǴż򵥵װҲû˸Ϣʲôûþ͸Űȥˡ
-
ȴǰȥ˹ңǰΣǸصǲҪˡ
ǰҲ൱ϣôţô
ǡ
ǰ۾ǰڱ޼Ǳסüۣ¶˳
ȵǰۿӵʱ΢΢㶡
ǰÿЦǰȰǰԴ
ʦǸͷˣϴ˼СȷʵͦÿģƤЩƫڣҪƤˣ϶ǸСˡ
˵۾һҸСﻯױ
ѽһӦˡ
ǰ㵡
ӹҳȥ˸߲ҵشǰɹ
Ҳþûʣӷ·ȹӣٵΣǰһ졣
ʱǰ˶ˡ
ǰͯǰɶûô֡
˵̵ʱǰŸо˶ˡ
ʱͯҡ
ϣ
ǣģ
˧
ͯǲ𣬴żϱֻٲȻڴϷ
ԱһˣϺƽɫϣɢѱ
Ҫǰ֣ͻ֪λҸ磬Ҳԭĺ벿ֵǡ
ڿڴϷȻʤ
ͯǲû񫣬ţһѣһѡ
Ƿֻڰ֣ˣϢһ
һ˵꣬һ̧ںףһɳϣһеģ
һ¡ͯǲ
Ϸôõģټ˸ĬͬɱС
ͯǲԼɡ΢΢ۣһ㡣
ͯǲӿֹֻһ䣺һģûûСģи磡
һǰҲһСǲԸ硣
ҲûҴ١ۣһۡ
һ볤ģҲСһ꣬Сʱͯǲڲһ硱΢Щʹˡ
һҲǴѽǸһûûСͯǲ˸ۣҲͬһɳϡ
ûˣڶù
ͯǲȴǲذڰ֣û¶㻹Ǻǰһɣ˲һġ
Ȼָǰ
զˣôԣǷʲô¶Ե顣
ͯǲ
̫˵
Ϊһ£һֱԼǰǶڡ
ʱֻ
ͯǲûι˭ѽ
ǲ磬ңǸǶѽͯ˷ܡ
ͯǲǣԷ֣ϾʹΡ
ͯǲæ˵Ҫˣ
ǲ磡ǸһɣϾҪ˵꣬绰ͱҵ㡣
ͯǲ
εؿǣҲû취Ϣ̫ͨˡ
վʶҪ
ˣһȥ
˭ͯǲҺƼھأ
ҶȥǺԥ˵Ѿߵſڡ
ȻûţžѾˡ
ôˣͯǲ𾪣վ
ʲôô죿ſһЦŮ𣬡Ҳѽ
װ̡ǿкȴ̲סǣŵŮƮȥ
ͯǲ֪ԭˡ
ֲڶŲ΢΢һ١
ף
һ˻ģϻǣһų乫ȹֻ¶˲Ӻ
ͷɢţüͣͷɢڼϣ۾գգˢһĽëŲ˲Ϊױһ⾫¡
΢΢ŴϴһĨڣȴһƼˡ
ͯǲ졪
裬˭ѽĶĴޣ
Ѿͷأ
㲻ǺѾͷһȥ𣿡
ǰ˸úõĻ˰ɣ


9 
⻰أոսŵŮԶˡ
ǸһŮǿɵһĿһۡ
һֺֺۣЦãʲô񣿡
ɶ
ǰ
ͯǲľˣɵɵͯǰ͡
ϸȷʵֺǰ÷ǳƣ٣͡
Ҳʵ̫˰ɣ
ǰñͺÿͷױǸÿСŮˡǳгɾ͸С
ֽԼŮ㣬û취ݵġ
ǰڵض˶ıŤ
ոռͷ仯ʹ˲٣ϾͷӰ컹Ǻܴġ
ʦ˻ǳÿ͸һױ
ϱӳͦģֻٸӾ£Ƥ˲١
Ҫ֮󣬿ܱϱӻÿܶࡣ
ױӣЦ˵Ǹޣѣȥ˲·׹ȹ
Ьӡӣġ
ͯǲˣΧǰתȦ𾪣죬³һ䡪
⻯ױȻа֮һ
ⶼˣ
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ԱߵҲ¶Цݡ
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ȱ𼱣λھƼҵĸ磬㡭ʮңͽǸɡЦŽܡ
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ǲãСŮֶǽܡ
¶Цݣǰգգ۾
ŵʱ򣬴ŵ٩Ц⣬ҲһϢ
ǰͷƿߡ
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ҲһϾڼԷɡЦ˵ϽӹкõḶ́ǰ
ͯϿһۣΣǸҾ¡
ǣֻǾܾˡ
˵ҲҪٻȥͰ죬Զ졣
ҪǰЩͬϤ
Ļأͯע⵽ɳϰǰɨȥģͫһĲš
Ǹ硭㣿θߡ
ȵͷͯһ˫𾪵۾գЩˣ仯󡣡
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ѾͷŨױĨģǲǿǸǸ翴ģ
ôһ룬ͯϺ޲óǰ
ѽ˸ģǴ磬ǰĺáҪôãȻһŮ
뵽Ŀ΢΢һʹ
ǲǰױȻڸУױȷʵãҲһҲżһ£Ҳûʲô
ǰͯϣƽãױƤã۶ƤҲá
˵ʱɨͯϵ
ͯ϶ʱ㵡
˷۵ģ
ѽСϲˣȻҪúô磬ͻױãǿҲϲ΢ۻüĨں죬ɫãͯĵӦ֡
û뵽Ȼǰˣ
ͯؿҪ˵ʲôֲ֪ô
ǰɲܣվ裬ȥжױϻױô
ȥȥɡȻúÿǰԸ⣬ȻҲǿ
ǣǰ¿ˣ¥ˡ
ͯǲǲ·ϣȥˣΨͯϻվǶҧгݡ
-
ǰжױװ
ȻƤָ֮ǰ΢ڵӣͻˣ˻Ǻ֮ǰȫһˡ
ü۵ϤУǰ΢΢Щʧ
ϱӡվϱˣͯǰ
򴽣ǰ¶Цݣ˭һӣǴӸпʼ׬ˡ
ΩԸһһ
ǰûм¥ǰ濴顣
Щ֪ʶȻϤȴѾģҾϱӵѧϰɼɲ


10 ѧ
¥£ǱͯϲòС
ͯңֱֲ˦ɫ̲סЩ΢΢شҲˡŶšޡ
Ǹ磬컹Ҳʵİɣǵʱͬͬѧͯߴߴ
޿̣߿ͯǲ
ͯǲ
û취ֻܽԼҺѣվ裬ҺȥѾͷڸôû
룬ȥ䣬ͯϿ϶Ҫ׷ȥģһǡ
ȥǰŪͯϺǰ˵ȥɡ
ȥȥɣðһ档Ц˵
賿վһ¥
̧̧ͯţͣ
ŲҪȥǸѾͷ
¥תǣ¥ˡ
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ԥ̫޸С
ࡢС׷ܵŮľô࣬ҪǿͯԺͰϣ϶ͯϵġ
ͯǲʼ磬ٶ˵
˵ǰſڣǰŵģͯǲҽˣ
Ŵš
ͯǲƿţ΢΢һ㶡
ǰǰµİɺܺãĹӴ˽ǰŮͷ΢΢üǡ
ϻűʣѾ˺üҳ
ͯǲ㶣Ҳ㶡
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Ů΢΢ǣͯǲȻعŲ죺ڿ飿
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šǰӦ
ҿǼһиѧϰģ㱿ȷѽͯǲզզԲ۾
ǰпɼǶЩѧУҵȣȷʵǳզΡ
ҲˣͯǲΪǰһѧȴû뵽λȻǡѧԡȴôѧϰ
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˸磬治˵
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-
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киһ챨쿪ʼѵ
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ͯڶжĺӣȻгӳ͡
Ǳʱ䣬ͯԺͰǣȻҪǰǵӦCж飬Ͼá
ѧУͬѧúദǧҪ۸ˡͯԺⶣ
áǰ¶Цݡ
˿ܺãǰ챡½ҪѧУظУõԭ˽ѧУǷǮԼȥתѧ
ǲ̫ðģ½ѧĩ˺ܺõĳɼظֳ⿼˹ذתѧ
Ȼı½룡
ǰܸˣûи߱ˣѹĵס
ͯҸĸĶǰѧУί
ǰȫӦͯǰѧУίǰԶᣡ
ѧ֮ǻҪȥ౨ͯҸĸҲ͸뿪ˡ
Уſڡ
ͯԺ⻹ǲĵ߶ѧУҪúõģί͸ְִ绰Ҫǲܴ绰硣
ǰɵͷ
ǰǮˣҪʲôǧҪǳԷ
˵ͷ
ͯԺֿͯǲҪչãñ۸ʰ㣡
ͯǲҲѽ
ǰ
Աߣʫͮİ
ͯԺ⣺û
ͯǲͣ
ͯҸĸȥ
ͯǲǰǲͷߣȥҡ
ʫͮǰҪסǰҲ㡣
ǰ״ƲƣûðʫͮסƽˣԼȥС
Ǹ߶ͯǲǸһͯϣǶлûпѧͲ֪ķϾѧУѧǴӶеĳвġ
ԭͯǰΪͯǲáʫͮáͯýݣи֡ѾͷԣѧУһֱƽ
ǰɵ˲
ľܾͯǲ߳ŭ۾ιιιΪԸ𣿲ǰ趣Ҳ㣡
ǰ⻰ҲЩˣҲҪ
ͯǲ
Ѿͷ̫飡
òᣬθͯǰб˵ͯǲã


11 ༶
ͯǲȻǰ꣬͵кӣԶԶͬ죬һͯǲǡ
⻰˵꣬Լסˡ
ô˵⻰
ѾͷҪѧУ˵ã۸ô죿
ǰգֻһİ֪ôջظոǾ仰
ǰ򴽣һһ٣ģҲ˵ġ
˸磬Ƿᡣ
ͯǲԲ۾ճȭҧס
ѾͷȻӦˣ
ʵ˵𣿣ֻҪ˵Ҳԭʶôѽ

ѵҪٷεǸ
ͯǲھᣬʫͮٴǰ𱸣ǲں㣬ŻҪȥңΪʲôܾأǲ˺ܺõģҡûнһ磬ѵֻѱλ𣿡
ʫͮǴǰ¶ǹġ롣
⻰ͯǲոѹȥŭȸոյøݡ
ѽǰӻûнй磡
ֻһ
ͷͯǲԴˣҧá죬ҧгݣҪǸ磬Ҳã
ǰͯǲŭյʱǰĵҲûн͡
ûни磬ֻΪͯǲСÿζԷҪ˵ȻҲûһгǸ֡
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ս֣һĶŵҲո߸ĸǣԶԶЦǲѽ
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ôᣬոջǴѾȰˡ
ǰŤͷʫͮ΢
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ǰʲôû˵ֻǿ䵭ʫͮвԱУΪ֮
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ԣŬԼӦߵ·
ԭУʫͮչ㣬ͯǰԱȣʹͯǰԽԽԱ
ǰǸֻῴԼֻῴǰ·ǰ
δĿҲǳʫͮǡϳԽԼ
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ǰĹ񲻺ðɣ
֪ʲôǹ˵˵ģرÿԽԽÿ֣
ǰһ΢Ц᣺Ҳܿɰ
û˵ٻԲԲģ۾Ƥ𪣬Ȼ£ѾǷǳɰˡ
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ǰʱûпôλʱȥз֣ȵ㵽ֵģѾкλöռˡ
Ȼľǰпɼŵġ
ǰ˴
һܹעѧɼİΣпɼǵһǶеͨ࣬ҲǸпɼϵġ
ԡӦһ
ΪһϱʦļѧǰǳӦ
ѧѾǰճɼеģԽǺ֣ԽǳɼЩѧҲԽӡ
ֱֻʣǰһ
ͷ磬һξ÷ǳܡ
ͯǰľ
ǰ򴽣
һУȻó۵׵ĲˣпĳɼŶ¼ȡߺüʮ֣һᾺңľǡܲϲ
ȷʵľڿ߷ǳˡ
кܶ˽Ǯ϶еģǺͶеķ߲ʮϣôֵһŷһƫƫù
ѧңʦҲңѧĳɼǵĽѡȵȶǹҹģϺȵĶˣͱİξͲöˡ
ǣľָһſŵӣڵǶ
ǰһ߹ȥ¡
ǰŵ˶ߣ֮ǰӪڰŮֻеȣȴŵһţ̧ͷȥڰ嶼һЩס
ǰһڰôԶ
һαʦᣬ̬ãеôܣʵͯǰָöʹࣿ
ֲԸôһһεĴ̼У÷
΢΢ۣĵĬĬϰĿġ
ѾϱӱģֻЩϤˣǰڸϰС
ǰºľӲˣҪ˵ʲôſһ𣺡桪
СϤ
ľһòᣬпǱͯǰҪͣ
Ѿڰ칫Ҽˣ뵽ҳľһʲôû˵ָֻǰԱߵλá
ȥȥȥȥǶ
˴ҡڴ߽һ߹ȥ
ȫ˶ŮǵȫƲҲü
һ÷ǳ˧һѱ΢˵緢ȫϡ
ߵǰԱߣӡ
̶ǰĬûпȥϾϤ𡪡
ףͯãôɣ


12 Ȼ
ǰ
¶𾪵û뵽ͬȻǡǣ
Ҫܿˣôʮ֣
ǰȻعŶԭǾƽаֻ࣬ûڼ࣬Ͼһжʮࡣ
ǳɼҲȻѧãѧ
ƼҲͯҲ̻ҪһЩԷȥʵ࣬ǡΪ˶ͯϣ
ֻǰôû뵽ԷͯϾȻֵһ࣬ҡͬ
ǰ򴽣û˵
Ҳ۵Ĳ죬ֻǼǰҲʼ磬˵
-
ʲôǸʮ࣬ǸѾͷͬͯըëˣθ
ʫɫ䣬ţǰҵͬѧҵġ
Ѿͷֲòʵ࣬ԭ֪Ǹͨ࣬ͬôɣƭɣϴǸͻױƵģ˰ɣǸҲǵģ˵ʵ𣿣ͯתתȥòᡣ
ǸѾͬˣֻϣܹЩֶΰɡʫͮ̾
ҲŹģͯϺ޺޵
ʫͮиոЦ⣬ͯ룬˵ǸŲϹģҶܣôܴǸѾͷߡ
ʫͮ
˵һǸ翴ϺͯǰɲǸɵģ
ֲͯϣôתʮͬͬѧʫͮ޻˵ˡ
ʱʮࡣ
ոշ;ѵʱѧڷѵȴСģġ
ƲЦЦƶע⵽ԱߵŮȴûп·
ǰһĶСģҲǳרע·һǶôĲƸ
鼮ãʹƵʷڳ룬΢΢
ոΪʦԴĲ죬Ѿȫ˿ġ
Цʱǳֻ۾䣬ȴÿ̲סüۡ
ǲŷλͯáǾ£һŲǼΪ
ʱЩãǰ̲סŤͷüһۣ˵Ҫٿˡ
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ӣƲ죺㲻ô֪ڿ㣿
ֱì⣬ме
ǰô
ûȤҲ㬲˵
-
ⱨһ춼ǷŶȻҽܣϤûпγ̵İš
쿪ʼΪľѵ
ܶѧп಻ǰν壬ǳԹģ򵥵ľѵԲѰ
˵ܶѧУ죬Ƕкһһϧʱ䣬ֻ졣
ʱ߶ѧûпѧѧУֻҪѵĸһͻڲεĸ
ϣǰ飬žѵУſߡ
ͯǰһϤŮ
ǰŲ΢΢һ٣ǰߣûд
ɰͯϸˣ˶ţ׷ȥ
Уſڵʱǰͣ˽ŲͯҲ׷ŭιҽ𣿣
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ﻹͣͯϵԲ۾Ȼôֱ׳
ǰĬʣ̧ͷĮΪʲôҪͣ
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žǰҲָ̧֣ԼָȥɵĮҲϲ˲òָҡ
ͯôû뵽ǰȻķӦ
ոõСֱͯ΢΢Щ顣
ⷬͯ΢΢ʶ̧Ҫȥ
ǰ֣ˣԺ󻹸ҲǼңҾͲ֪ˡһһͯǰΪʲôҪͣ㣿
⻰оݣȴһ´ͯϵ
ɲǣûнн㣬¶ԷԼҲǶԷ
ҪԼ󲮺ʹĸֻô
Ƕǰʲô̬ȣѲǫ̃ϾͯԺͯǰĸס
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ոտڣͯϺݺݵǰһۣתߡ
ȥķǰǲһ·ȻҲһܿʧС
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ֻû뵽Ƣôͯϣôûǰأ
ʫͮͷǰһۣһξã³Ѿͷġ򵥡
-
ǰĬʲ˵ʫͮװҲ˵˴ŵһӣͯǲһͬѧ˳
ͯǲǰԼıӰ򴽡
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ĵͷ󣬾Щ꣬ȲҪ۲ǰ顣
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ԭļУµ˭
ȻͯǲĶѣżҲͯȥ棬ɼǳãڸ߶͵꼶һĶţ֮ǰڸһʱ򣬾ͺͯǲƶУݡ
ȻΪͯǲĳɼº͵ԸҲͯǲҪܻӭһЩ
֮ǰУſڣǰͯǲܵʱ򣬼ֻΪͯǲ뿪ֻǴҴҼһ档
ǰԳɼõѧͬԴ˾ЦЦá
Ȼ߹֣ҽȻԽȻ磬ҺǲһֱҪиãû뵽ȴԸ
Ȼǰͯǲ͹ϵ
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ʱͯǲ߶һ磬һһǱԹȻ䶼ҪˣҲͨ߶֪ͯǲиãá
Ȼǻ͹ϵģֻû뵽գգ۾ͯǲȴݺݵһۡ

ѾͷûнҸ磬ƾʲôȻ磿
Ҫȥѽ
ܳϹø
ͯǲ챻ʳͷԣŭˣվŸ
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ǰüȻЦ˵ټҲ˳һֱӵİʫͮȻϡ
ȻãȻͷǲôˣ
û֪ͯǲôˣԼ֪Լôˣ
ʻͯһ·ϣ˾ͷ˺üۣڵ˶ûпڡ
ֱͣͯңǰ³ʱ˵ֻǺͯǲʫͮ˵Ƕ˾лл塣
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ʧɢͯС㣬ܺð
ͯǰ·ͯߣͯǲԭеǹɻյøˣݺݴΣ޺޵³
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ͯǲͣ½ţѹƢôˣ
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Ǹ𣿿
Ϊϡ
ʫͮЩͯǲǰˣҲǣô߰꣬ӣ϶ǲϲǰġ
˵졭ҵУſڵʱ򣬿ͼϺڳܣûеǾʹҴˣ񻹺
ͯǲԲ۾ʲôܣ
أƢǲЩ̫ã
Ļû˵ͯǲθ
ͯǲ۸Ѿͷˣ


13 ̿
ʫͮ
ɶ
ˣûбͯǲ˻
ǰͯˣôͱ۸ǰˣ
ˣԼȥʡʫͮûмʱشͯǲȾߣͯҴȥ
ʫͮ
ֻҪɵӾܿͯǲǰǷǳ⣬¶Էܵ۸
ͷðʫͮɫǳѿ
ƾʲô
ô㣬ҲôˣͯǲΪʲôô꣬ŴαӣҲɻǻأ
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ֺˣСĽƫƫ˶òĶǰãȴɵõˣʹ͡ޣ
-
ǰոջصͯңͯǲͰʫͮ͸Ⱥˡ
㡭ͯǲץץԴ
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Է˿Ȼǳǳᣬֹƫƫʼû˵һ仰
ûע⣬ųʳӳЦ˵Եҹɡ
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ͯԺҲǴӳ߳ģŹģԵɣСѧۣԵҹ϶ˡ
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ǰͯǲվúܽϵЦݸԡ
ദĺܺѽ
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׼ҹͯԺЦ۾
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ǰ򴽣ǰΪġ硱Щʧ
ԭУͯǲĮͯǰڻȻĮӣʦ
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ϱǰԵҲûй硱ҲˣǺ֪롰硱ദ֮
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ͯԺ¶ЦݣЩɵǹģ˯˰ɣҪˣ컹Ҫȥѵأ
еĴȰҪˣǰĪͷһů
ͷ飺õģҲ˯ɡ

ǰƿӣϴ
ͯԺŵعţüͷһֱصҲûɿ
ôˣһͿĨƷһʵ
ͯԺⳤ̾һҸոȥʱ򣬰ڿ顣
Ҳһ㶣漴ãȻѧϰǺѽ
ĺȰѧϰΪôüأ
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ʱͶˡ
ѽôɼõģСͱȰӺãҲʵſ˶УҪǾŬûãֻжʧ
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ܽеѧǳɼģҪڶгɼǰéɲŬ͹ˡ
ʫͮôõĳɼûѧô̫̿ˣ
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뵽Ҳǳ˵пҺİɡ
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ǰϴҲûм˯Щ꣬ʵǷ̫ˣЩ˯š
ǸλĴ̼ʵԶûôƽ
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гڣո磬עǱ½룬ʱ̲סҪͱ½˵˵
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仰ȥǰֽԴͷķи
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½Ǳ߻ظܿ졪
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ǰ۾һ˷ܵغͱ½뷢Ϣ
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ɹǵÿϢʱ䶼һΣҪСʱӴ
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ڳϣǰͿĨŷɹ˪һҲûнʡ
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ͯǲ͵кӣǲͷͿĨЩ˿°ͣһĹ䡣
ȻһֱעǰȴʼûۿҲû˵
ʫͮżͯǲ˵䣬ͯǲشˣӪһĵáˡģ
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ʫͮҲߵĲͯ׾ͱǰƢ
ֻǵ˵ȻŸոոпѧһѧϰȺܿ죬µ׻пѧһ¿
ΣǰĽŲڶ˶١
ʫͮ΢΢߿Щܿ͵ǰԱߣ΢΢Цᡪ
ԣ¿͡ʱһ֪ʲôǡ֮


14 ε
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ǰȻ֪ʲô˼
ԭУͯǰ׾ͱʫͮŪסˣһֱǳҲûҪʾʱ
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ǰͷԷ
һԱ·ѧͶ񣬾Χ˿
ǰܲϲעԭȻҲôѱȴδôͯǰҲ֪ڷʲô衣
ѧʦͶעˡ
һ׻ǲ󣬶ѧϰΧŨĺѧУץץúϣǰͷһԷΪʵĿ
¶Դº󣬾һ仰˵ˡ
ǰһ룬ʵǳԲȥվҳԺˣԡ
˵꣬ӿ첽뿪
ûи
-
Ϊ飬ʱѧǰЩ֡
ǰֻܵʲôʲô
ƫƫǴ˾ͺϰ˵ߣѹûñֵĿ翪ʼѵ֮ǰְѸһƿˮڴ֮ӽǰ档
ǰͷݺݵһۡ
ӣûôˮ϶֪ƿҵˡ
ǰ
ӣ̹ٵ
ǰվһۣصС
ֻѵоǰˡ
ǰЩڣʲУʱ򲻸ΪûԱ
;Ϣʱǰǰڵĸо
Ͻȥϰ׼޽ˮһֺ֧ЩˮһЩˡ
ǹˮŵ޽ˮζ΢΢ü㲻
ǰû
ҪҪ٣
ιǿ
ǰˣ˵˾䣺û¡
̱ˣһߺˮһĴǲǲ
ȵٴ֮ǰˮӹȥ
Ȼ
ǰǰһ룬Ѹ
顱ˮײϣ˵ء
ǣ
ǰע⵽Ŀɿڴģ̲סýЩ
ǣѾͷͦƢ
ǰѾˣֻܽӷԱߣǽΪ־ܹҵԼˮ
ĵʱ̫ѾʱǰȴǾͷĿѣ
վãվӣ
̹ٺ꣬ǰֱվá
һûоøɣǰԷˡ
û뵽ôʱûгԱ۾Ҫˡ
ǰҲǹֳǿˣԼס׼򱨸档
Ȼո죬Ѿһתʲô֪ˡ
顪
ˣ
۾˯ƿۣÿǰڵϣ
ˣ
ҽң
ͫһû룬ȥ˴ᱧֱӳҽҳ˹ȥ
Ҳǽ˱һ̣ŷѾͷȻˡ
ҽҲԶǺܿ콫͵ˣǰʱ೤Ҳ
˷ڲϣҽҵУҽæ飬ȵ꣬˿ã֧ʲУѵټˡ
೤ͷˡ
Уҽǰˮּȥѧȥˣѵڼ䣬ҽҵѧɲ٣ġġ۵ģЩѧˡ
ǻȥʦ˵һɡ೤ǣ̽
ǰڰ֣Ȼȥɣһߡ
೤Щô˵ҲûٸҶ˵ĬĬ뿪ˡ
ǿ򲡴
ǰ۾ñѾͷԱߣͷҵڶͷϻк飬üͷúܽιȥҲ˯òȡ
ƴСݰͰ͵ӡ
ǴҲǡֽƬһ
뵽Ѿͷˡ
ǰҲ˵ǰ˵ǰ࣬ʱû̫ĸܣ˿̲ͻȻ֣ѾͷĲá
һüͥȴʧʮ꣬ڳ˲ٿ࣬岻á
硭ϣǰ
΢΢һ㶣漴ЦҡҡͷǲСãиѽ
á
ʶʣҲѽ
Ҫиô߶硱룬ʲôܸ
ϧûá
-
ʱͯǲ˽ż
Żųҽң̽Դţ˶ɢŻҵϢ
Ģ́ͷ˻ñӡ
ͯǲ˲ϣôأҪҪȥҽԺ
ãӦ˯ˣ˯Ѿûˣú˯һɡѹ
ͯǲ˿˵лˡ
վҡҡͷͯǲȻˣȻҲҪˣֻ֮ǰͯǲ˵иãúõɣιȥ˶Ÿ磬߶ء
ͯǲ۾һģ
˵أû
ͯǲ죺𼵶ʣϾãġ

Ƿ˸ۣˣ뿴ɵˣǳʣ
ˣͯǲǰ¡
ŴϵǰҲͬոǰһ
ǰڰɫϣ΢΢ţüͷ壬˿žۡ
ͯǲ̾һѽ㣬Ҳ֪ϧԼ


15 
ǰʱѾߵˣͯԺ⡢ͯǲ˶
ۣżǰ
û°ɣ
ûĶ
ҪԵ㶫ոð
ͯǲҲڵعһ䡪
Ե㶫ɡ
ǰͻȻͷ΢΢һůʱ۾˹Լָоá
¶һ΢Цûˡ
ǰûˣͯҸĸģιЩִ࣬ȥҽԺ顣
ǽӵ绰ʱ򣬿˶ɵˡ
ǰû֮ǰͯԺ߶źڣӦڰ̴ȥ죡
ʲôѵѵģҲðμӣ
ͯҸĸǰҽԺͯǲҲһϿΡ
ѧԣϲһϵĿΣһҲҪ
-
Ȼûʲô⣬ǲ̫ãҲЩӪûвá
ǰŬһͯǰļ䣬ֺСʱȷʵܰôѣҪΪ˲Ǯ
ǸСһʱų΢ЩӪҲڱҳԿˣӤʱ˸
Ͼ̺ͱ½룬Ķˡ
ҽ˵꿪Щҩǰͯ߳ҽԺͯ˶ЩĬ
վڳԱߣðͯԺſڣԲҲౡˡ
ոǰҽԻʱѾ֪ǰСҲ֪ǵʱͱ塣
ͯ˺ܡ
ԭûµģֻΪԭСͯǰûвμӾѵ
ոջԸɪССûǰ˵ĸоţֺͰʫͮϵãʫͮĵ鲻μӾѵͯǰͯ˶ͬˡ
Ҳˣԭвûһ
෴ԭаܵʱ˵ûͯǰ
ءҵĴԲ𣡡֣ǰڻκ
ǰ㶣İĺ󱳣᣺ûϵ
ͯǰʵûΪԼŪ⣬ǰûʸͯǰȴǴδʮʲôʹࡣ
ʱţûĶԱȣš
ǻˣòôˡ
ԣͯǰǲ޵ġ
ǰ͸ûʸˡ
ͯҸĸŴСҩǰͯǲһͯҡ
ոյҰææǰŪԵģЩֳԹҩǰҪȥϢ
ʱѾˣʫͮѵ
ϢɣͲҪȥѵˣˡʫͮģһ¡
·ǰһ㡣
ǰ۰Ȱ΢ɼ̾ʫͮײײֻӳȫơ
ǰڱҲ᣺ллġ
˱˻ԣǰȻҪװһܺ˵ӣǡ̡
ǰˣͯҸĸ˵һ¥
ͯǲϣǰ֮ǰס
ȵȣ
ǰͷͯǲЩڣ˵˾䣺˯ú塭
Ŷáǰ㶣ãȻ
⡭ͯǲ
ϡ档
룬ǰ˵ллҡ
Ѿ֪УҽңһֻͯǲһֱͯԺͰϹ
أͯǲͺ죬ҲͰͣ
ǰЦЦ

˻ݣֻǺܼ򵥵ĶԻȴܹо֮Ĺϵ΢Щһˡ
-
ǰڼϢ죬һ壬һ߿ѧϰ
֮죬˾ѵ죬ԼѵһϢʱ䡣
ͯԺλҽҩǰÿ춼ҩһ룬ҩܿ࣬ȴǶõĶ
ͯҶҩζҲԽͯԺͰۡǰ
ǰԼνúҩҩҩʱͺúÿ顣
Լƶѧϰƻǰ֪Լ߶ѡư࣬ȻڲŸһϾѾѧһΣ൱ڸ
׼ѧϰصѧϰ
ǼĿϿ¾Ͳ̫ʱȥˣҪѸʱ档
ϱû׳һź۳ĿҲر㣬϶ҪѸʱġ
¶ţиһʽʼϿΡ
һǰͷ˸βУͯǲʫͮһš
͵ſڣжš
ѧУúѧϰ
ͯǲЩ£
ע壬ʲôһҪ٣ǵðʱԷѧϰҪ̫̿ˣ
߿ʫͮһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪˵ʲô
Ͼʫͮһֱǳûʲô˲ĵģҲûʲôҪرġ
룬ֻ˵˾䣺ʫͮ簴ʱԷŶԵ㡣
ʫͮ¶Цݣиɻõġ
ֻһκԼάֵ̫ˣ
ͯǲѧϰżҪǵ¶
ǰ岻ãƫƫر̿࣬Ҳ壬̫ʧ
ֻģͽϡ
ʫͮ˴
ϣͯǲǰһûһ˵Żⳡðʫͮۺ졣
ǡϵҲأ
ǸϢ
-
һ쿪ʼϿΣ˰⣬ʦҲʼ½ǳԸº͵ġġġͺġ
ӦоС
һ⣬ҽ֮ѸٿʼѧϰУֶ롣
ǶУһеCиС
µ׵¿ͬƤޣʦѧһҲи
ãô棬𣿡ֳԱдϰͬ
ѧһˣλѧϰͷʵˡ
дϰᵱȻƽʱдģǰԼģͳһϰҪչѧĽȣѶ΢һЩǰԼⱾ˺ܶࡣ
˸вŷָķǶиУÿϿοС¿λûʱ䡰ϰᡣ
μҪȥ棬Ҳֻſ߲ԶϿˡ
ĸн˵ѾǷǳˡ
ƫƫȻʱһϰᣡ
ǻ۲죬λÿϰỹؼˣȵڶ챳Ǳд˼ҳȻؼһӰӵѧϰ
ֱĿɿڴ
ǰǵĻͷҲ̧
ûôĮҲһ㲻飬ܲ˵;˵żҲֻǼ򵥻ؼ֡
ô桭벻пɼͱҺһ㡭
пдģǰҲôŬȴֻôһǡ̫ˡ
Ȼ뷨ɲֻһʶ˶ġ
ǰûһЩѶȵ⣬ĥ
ǣ
죬³һ䣺ǡӡ
վ׼ȥʱſڰ೤𡪡
ͯǰǣʦȥ칫ҡ
ˢˢˢ˵߶ˡ
ոտѧǰ̬˻ûȫͶѧϰУǰϵķͯǰò˵Ķ¡һֱǰĻ⡣
оѵֻǰ˵ȣоѵǰεǱȥҽں˶챻Ĭһˡ
ȻҲвỰǰ䲻ǵġ
ʽΣʮ౾úÿľ٣ѵɹֶɹˣǰĺͲôͻأˣҲøע⵽١
Ȼȵķ֡ǰԽԽÿ
Ȼкܶɾǰ䲻ǡ
ѧһڣȻͬȴûʲôرĽʣƽʱǴڽ˯ǰֻ֪ͷѧϰ
Ҳˣûʲô
ɾʱʦȻȥ칫ң
⡭
ҵİȵߺ󣬻˴һֹ
һˣϰ̸
ܵģǸûô˵
ѽǸͯ϶ϲôϲ
ԶԶԣҲϲͯǰ
ҲϲͷѧϰҲ֪ܹѧʲô

ò˵ǰڰԵôá
ûԵã֪ԼҪʲôͲҪʲôҷԴ˶ϵõǰʫͮǰûôʱ䡣
ټϺȵģŮĺøжȻߣҲͲǿˡ
ǰû̸һǰһľİ칫ҡ
칫ʮʦʮһİκʦҲˣ˲ʮļʦ˶ʶˡ
ʦǰ򴽣ڡ
ոǵѾˣҪܽһ£Щż
ľͷߴһ£˵ѧϰðɣϽ𣿡
ǰͷ
ľЦЦһǷģȻӲЩǺ棬ֵÿ佱ġ
ǽģǰܽҵǲϿҲ档
ѧȲܳɼΣûиտʼпɼʱôˡ
ֿǣʱһͷۡ
üϣ֪ڽʲô
ľһըˣǣ㻰𣿣¿֮ҪҳᣬҪǲҵʱҳʰ㣡Ͼ㲻Լ
һͣġ
ǰĿɿڴ
ȵľ͸ɬŹ˿ˮ˵ҽΪЩԷģҹ۲һ£ǻ׾Ͳ˵ʲôˡԺ󶼺úѧϰ̫ܣ޷粻ˣѧУץǺϵģû
Ҫ˻λӣʵǾð˭鷳
һ̫ģܰѽ
һģҪǻ᲻˸ˡ
ǰɡ
Ȼɼã棬оҲûǴŲѧϰ
ľĻ˵꣬ǰ˴
λڵġ޷粻ˡǰٴʶľԡ
ľԼ֪ΪǰпɼѾൽƽ֡ȥˡ
һһһһУǶĲκͲƽԴ
ô棬ѧϰ̿࣬ȥҵҲȫԣǾá
Ϻȣǲ
ǰ˷ŭһΣǿŴһԲ
ľˣЩͯǰʲô飿𣿡
ǰǲ˵
Աߣע⵽ģҲü
ľ˵ʵЩˡ
ֲڶͻȻɵضľ˵ʦ⻰ͲˣҪ˵㡪ûСʦ¡
˵ʲôľһ£漴ǲȻŭ
ģֹô˵һ˵ˡʦϾ޷粻ˣӦ÷ʡһԼˡ
Ĭ
칫ҹسĬ


16 
ûʦ¡
ĸ˵ʱ, 칫ʦͶͣ϶ȻɼװŵԡҵעȫתƵϡ
ľؿڣò, ɴ۾ǣмҳ, мҳ
ʦǰ, һˮһ, ʦ侲, Ҫ
ѽѽ
ǧô, ȵˮȵˮ
ľ˿ˮ۾, ֿԱߵǰ, ûȻؽȥ
Ȼ, Ҫŭ׼ǡ
ǰһۣ֪ΪʲôͻȻʦôգò˵
ոͶľܲ, ȴֻҧͷû뵽һھôĴ̼
һ˺ٺʦôյģЩʦĳЩΪ׵ΪһֱĽѧֱӶ, ԩúܡ
ǰĵһ, ⻰Ǵ˵, ҲĪźˬ,
ǰʲôû˵뿪˰칫һؽҡ
ǲʲôµģϾԭһԺܿĸĸʦԣʲô¡
ѧֻǰˣЩ죬ǼرעǵŮһ档
칫ҵĶǳǽмҳǻؽֱȥλѡİɲȫ½½ȥ˰칫ֻ
ﶼ֪ǵˣڰζϡ
ʮնЩš
õѾǵڶ졣
ʱǰ¶緹ڽſڿƼҸĸ
ƼҸĸǶվϣ˵ʲô
ǰ̧̧°ͣǾͯǰ
ǰŲһ٣¶ȽȥԼߵƼҸĸǰ᣺壬֣̺á
־Ǹ΢ֵˣಢڣ¶ŵ͵ݻƼṈ̀ͯļͥ
֣褾͸˵ˣҲǳ֪ͥԣôӵͣ
ǰѽһֱҪ㣬֮ǰҺ嶼ڹ⣬Żأ֣ǰ֣˳ֽŵĵǰϡ
Ǵ
̫ءǰ򴽣ɫΪѡ
֣ȴˣЦݲãûµģǸļ񣬾ǰҪ͵
ǰ룬ҡҡͷ᣺лл֣̣˵尢̳ˣǲæʱٴŰݷá
ֹ֣סͷ
ͯӲʶһصĶû̾ϲҲṵ̂Ǿܾ֪ͣҲ飬ֱ¡
ᵽ裬صáݷá־ĸ档
֣û뵽ͯҶʧɽŮȻ˴ϻۡ
ɱڼǸհ׵ϲˡ
ǺǰġԡȻľ˵ˣƼҷ˶ûϣǶӣǻܲ˽⣿
ҪǰʲôͲӦˣ
Աߣ־ǰ̬Ҳºֻͣڴ̲֮ס˵Ѿͷ̫ˣҪһ㣬ͻܳԵ⡣
ǰ
˶٣΢Цŵͷģллġ
ۡԱߣЦ
־Ťͷǣݺݵһۣ㻹ˣǳϢܰʦʰ̯ӣ
ʼ磬Ȳҵġ
㡪
ˡ֣褴־ѾˣǻȥɣȷʵҲȫֶӣʦҲΣֻȷʵЩòҲЩ
ǣɶ
۹㻨Ǯ־
ǰ
֣룬Ц˵µ¿ʱ򿴳ɼ˵ɣҪ̫ˣ㻨Ǯ۹⣬ҪǻͲ㻨Ǯ
ôǻ
ڵһھͲ㻨Ǯ
ǻ뷴־Ѿ˵ôˣϽȥѧϰǻ£ˡ
˵ֺ꣬ǰк֣ˡ
ǰԱһۣһࡣ
뿼ȫ꼶һ⣬⻹Ҫǳ
ǰ
״ζǵĳɼʾԭп֪ѧϰɼҲ֪˹˾ȴû뵽ɼܲ
-
ǰȻؽңǹ˺һŻصңѧ͵
ɣͰεӲգ͵ѧǣЩ
һᱻעӹˣѹû˵ߡ
ΣľҲϿΣֻȫǵɿǰҲǣɿѾϿʲôѧûѧ
ǰ⣬Թѧϰ
ԼһѧϰţľϿҪģزעвش⣬ǰԣν顣
ң¿
ѧ֤ϴɾǩ
޷Ǿǿԡ
ֻ¿κԱߺʲôûǣʵ㡭û°ɣ
΢΢죬ǳΪͬǰһ˵
ʲô£µǰΡ⡣
ǰĬƬ̣ջߣϰᡣ
Աߣǣ
ˣ
䣿
ǰѾѧϰͷҲ̧
ǿ˰죬ԷȷʵûҪԼ˼һૡ
Ǹӡ
-
ȻεĮӶͨѧ˵һܿµ飬ǰǶԣȴûôӰ졣
ǰͰ࣬Լѧҵȼѧϰ
ûΪҪ¿һֱϰոѧģߵԤϰͼߣȵʦϿεʱ򣬾ͳȱ©ĸϰ
еʵѸ٣ܿ͵¿ǰһܡ
Ҳ죬Ƿż֮ǰ¿ʼѧͷϵһѵο¿֮ġҳᡣ
˷ˣǲͷغ顣
ٽ¿иĸǰȻҲҪʱţ飬ֻҪЩʷͷۡ
ԱߣǰıԹ߿Ƭ̣˻ȥ
ǣã㲻Ҫǿ̫ͷԻǵͻ̸
ǰͣȴû̧ͷֻ˵ġ
̫СͷĵˣЦĵѾͷ档
ǰ˵Ҳῼġ
ǣ
ôţ
תͷһ룬ѾͷѧͦģЩϰϷǳѵĿģһѧУͳһϰᡣ
ǳǰȥԷ͵͵һ£ֱ
Ŀ
ǰҲдһҳǿžֻʣ´дġ
룬飺ҪȻңʱţ
Ҳһ˵֪ǰŤͷüȻ˼
ף
ѾͷƽʱϲԼԸԼ
ǰȷʵ˼Ϊһֱһ¿Դߡ
½Ҫˡ
Ұ㸨֤ɺԼǰᣬǳᶨһ
ѾͷӪûЩСúֱͦһмֿɰ
Ȼú˵ġ
㶣ãȻôã
ǰҡҡͷָͷ֣ء
æģҪӦ
һӦʼ¿ʼ㶼ҵġ
ڶҪշѵģ֤ȫ꼶һ֮⣬ŵȫ꼶ǰ١
ǮҪ¿֧


17 
Ǿ, ߿ǰԲ۾
ǰ٣
շѣ
ĵһӦǣȱǮѽͯͰװӦû㲻㻨Ǯɣ
ͣһ£˵Ҫʲôú˵, һ, ú, ͸ˡ
ǰҡҡͷûͬ, ˵УǮܹҪҪԼ
ôǵǮأ
ҪͯҵǮڱ½, ܵġ
ǰ֪, ½ȻҪ϶׼˵, ǰȴҲһҪѧϰ, Ҫﱸѡ
ԼǮ, ʱˣҲԸ㶫ԺóԵġ
ҲҪá
뵽, Ǿ̲ס¶Цݣⲻһ
ǿźƽʱȫһЦŵǰЩ㶡
ǰ˵ΪǲԼⵥҪ, æ˵ȻǿҪշ, ǿЩо, Ҳ֪Լ, ҪǡҪʧˣҾͰǮ˸㡣
ѵǰô໰һֱȻ۵׵ļУȻ֪ΪʲôҪǮҪ˵ģӦˡ
ԣǮ
ֻ֣ʵġ
˵δȱǮ
ǰ룬ݺģҧָͷ
ǣ򣿡
˵ͷͬˡ
ǰȴɴ۾۾ִֺڣԲ۾ɵɵ˶͸ŴϢ
ƽʱȫһ
ЩҪǰԴ׻סˡ
ǰȴ΢΢θż˵
٣
ǣ
٣
ѾͲܵĴһЩ𣿣
ǰǸԭˣֲûдȻǺǮܿ
ٿǮҽ̵ļ۸ǵһЩϾǼҽ̡
ܹѧϰ׬ǮǰԣٿǮȷʵǳˡ
ǣǺðɣ˾ͺá
֣û˵ʲôֻǿֵúܡ
Ѿͷ̸УǳŵǱףɹǮΪ̣û뵽ҪˡٿǮ
ǡֺЦ
ǰȴܸˣЦԣܿһطα
ֻһˣʱЩ̣ҲͲ˷ʱ䣬ֱһɡô̵ʱҿ϶ѧöãҲܾͰǰȱʧĶҪסǰһ棬һ
ǣõġ
ΪͻѵֻҪӦ¿ĿǰѧĶ࣬ѧٷ֮ʮ϶ϣĿǰ
ǰ˵ܺö̲סͰǵע˹˵ʲô
ǣͻȻ֣ѾͷΡɱʦϿˣ
ǰҲ׼ĶǲϰҪҪһЩҪıرݣЩҪӲģʱЩǰѰٷְٻῼĶ˳
롢ȫǰһһ١

һ죬һֱǰץűģʷصݡ
ӢﵹǲõģͥģӢĻϾǵڶˡ
ǣȥںſں
ʶվǰȻ̧ͷ񡪡쬵ġ
ӣˡ
ſˣզ£
ǣȥ˲ȥˣҪ׼¿Ҫѧϰ
ˣɶǸ𣿣
߿ǣֿǰˡ
ȵߵ¥ݿڣ߸ʣǸأǸôû
ȥˡ

ͬţȥ
ôİԣ
Ǳһ조㡱ԴˣƫƫǰʱʱҪ顣
üҪըëǰôήˣ°Ϳϣ顣
ȵϣҪˣ
ǰһֽݸд˲ݡ
ǰ챳ģȥ˯ǰҪǵϤһ£ڴ׼˯ʱҪżĬһ顣
ǣ
ǰ룬˾䣺԰˯ߡ
ǣ
һ׼һЩ⣬ҪͻѧˡǰҲʰԼ鱾
ǣ
ٿǮ
ôôÿ𣿣
-
ǰȻǮȻҪú񣬿ҲѣŸһոտѧʱ仹ܳԣҴͻҲΪ¿ϰ
ǰǵÿӶźˣؼڴ˯Ҳˡ
һǿĸݱȽϺʡ
ȥ
ڲУȴǰǹϵһ㣬һֹһѧϰӡ
ѧϰ
ǲţ
ľΪ׵ʦҲţľڰ칫ҷƢ
ˣ˼ֱ޷죬ֹ¿ΣȻϿζڴֽüȥ֮ǰһ˵޷粻ˣڿֱ֤ȷ䣡
òУ޲ý˺ݺݴһ١
Ҳûر֣ҲûܶץСӡ
ڽǽнһ
ϴڰ칫˵Ҳˣ
ְǽн棬ǲԴ
ʦ룬˾죺ʵҾͯǰѧǲģÿνҵõġ
⻰һ칫Ҿ
ѽϿҲ档
ҶǰԤϰˣÿʲôʲô
ϰҺüδʮŹʱ򣬶濴顣
ѽϴϿҳ鵽Ϻڰ⣬ʹúܺá

һһֱǰĿ佱ᡣ
ľһȻϣпɼˣ
칫һĬ
пɼҲ˵һһоͿأ
ľҪ濪ˣҾոˣ
¿֮󿴰ɣѧôʱһĿȻʦ˵
ľͷոյѾˣҲܶˡ
룬˵
¿ɼҪϺȣҲǣ
ΪʦǺ£棡
-
˵쳣ܡʦˣͯҲ֪ˡ
ʮЩԶÿǡ
аʫͮʱͨϢͯϻ֪ڽҵı֡
¿ǰһϡ
Ѿһڿˣûзż٣Ҫȵ¿ʽŹڡ
ÿ΢Щļھ֮ǰһں֮һڣǲֹεġ
ûϰѧǶؼҵĻؼңĻᣬúϢӦ쿪ʼĿԡ
ǰոߵУſڣͯǲͰʫͮѾˣ߶Ҳ¿ͬûϰǰؼҡ
ˣͯҲڡ
ǰոտͯϾͷŭس˹
ͯǰΪʲôǸ磿


18 
ͯϵģֱǺ޲ҧǰ, ۿͨ죬ݺݵ
ǰ
һҪ˵ͯǲѾ˹, ǰǰ, ͯü㵽˵ʲôҪ˵ô
ʲô, ⻰ͯǲʵˡ
ͯȴû, ʵϣԴֿ֪֮˰ʫͮƬ, Ѿɥʧǡ
ƬǴӺĵ, ǰں˵ʲô˰ñȽϽ, һͷǳܡ, ǽǶ, Ȼ˰һ
һ⣡
ͯϿһƬʲôǡ
ǹǸ磡ԼǸһ࣬͹, ͯǰҸ㣬ǸҵģͯϵǰһǷŭ
ͯǲɫѿúܣһ˫۾ϬһЩɵк, һҲ׵, 
ͯ, 侲ЩһŮӼҼ, ˵ʲôģҲ˵ûʲôʲôҲûϵ
ͯ߿ͯǲŲţ
ȡ֣˵ģԼԸͯϣҲСˣҪôƫ𣿡ͯǲϬ۾ͯϡ
ͯۿ˲ͺˣ
ǻƾʲôǶ
˳תҪܿ
ʱǰȴͻȻ֣ס
ͬʱһ㶣ͯҲʶͣסš
ͯϼ֣˦ͷݺݵҪһ㡣
ǰջ֣Ҳǳ䵭ȣеĹҲϣҺûʲô
ͯһ㶣޵Ķסˡ
ΣͰ˵ģʲôʸ˵仰ʸƢ𣿡
ͯҪſ˵ǰ
Ѿֹһζ˵ĻˣһΣͲҪˣϾ߼
˹
žǰһƴ˹ȥ
ͯϵĻΪһжϣͫһĲš
ͯǲͰʫͮѾˡ
ǰ֣ͯϵҲʲôĻ޶ңҾֻܴסˡҺûʲôӦ룬˭㡪Һʲôġ
˵ʱ΢ɼʫͮ
ŲͯӦûаʫͮмԭģÿ붼вһĿ˵ͯˡ
ĽͯǰҲ룬û˿Ϊ
ϸ룬ÿһ¶ǽߵ׷ߡϵܵŮȫƿںͰʫͮһ֮ǰûκθ龭ҲûϲκŮ
ĶΪͯ
ڿҲȻ
ͯҲңȻ֪ԼôãҲ֪飬ǽԶ
ѡ˭пܣʫͮκһŮͯϡ
ͯϻҪ˵ʲôǰͷˣ˵Ҫͯ۰ɡ
⻰أͯϳĬˡ
ǰһƾȻĻͣǻع顣
ĪǰǰĴ󲮺ʹĸҲվߵģǰ̬ȡ
Ͼǰ˲Ů
ͯһĺǸûʲô
ǡǰ˵꣬ȣ˳
ʫͮǰͯϣϣû°ɣ
û¡ͯҧгݣҲŹѾͷģ
ʫͮ΢΢һ
ͯϿʫͮҿƬô£ͯǰ˵Ǹûϵ
ͯǰģ˱ͲԸͯϿǰҪһˣֻǰҫвҴŵġ
ʫͮ΢ɼؽӲһ£漴˵ʮľҵģоҾΪġ
ľͯҧгݣ϶ϲǸ磡
ʫ̲ͮס˵Ĺϵһ㡭ֻǻڣ߲û˵
ͯϣܵģǸôãͯǰҪеʲô϶˵ض҇Nɪģ
ʫͮ

Ϊѽ
-
ʫͮϳʱɫЩӲ
ڣͯǲҲһֹؿǰ
ǰ뵽ոһֱվԼߵӣ̾˵ʲôʰɡ
ǡͯǲ̾˳
ǰΣҺûʲô⼸²ź˵
ʲô£
ҸΡ
ǰ˵꣬ͻȻͯǲ쳣ᡣ
¶ãȻ顣
ͯǲҧãҪʲôҲ˵Ҳ߰ģ
ǰ
ԺҪϹˣ
ϰ
ǰǣ
Ҳ˵ǰĳɼΣ˵ǣǻᲹϰ𣿣
ͯǲһƭҡ̫ˡǵǲʲôõͷ
ǰ
ֻ뾲
-
ͯǲǲôţҲȷʵһˣϰһ˵Ҳ˻ɡ
Ҳˣ¶׼¿Ǻúʡ
ˣʲô뷨Ϊ¿ҲȫͶ¿С
һ¿Ҫȸ߶һ죬һҪſƣ⣬ʷأÿһٷ֣ܷ־Ű١
ĿѣϾһŸոտʼܶĿѧĲࡣ
ҪǶнȿ죬ѧУʱܻûѧԪء
ǰĿ϶ԤУ˿ʼ⡣
϶ѧݣֻǱ仯Ƚ϶࣬ҲףٶƽʱϰͿκϰݱġ
ȫϰ⣡
ѧһЩĿǰѧҲⱾڵݣⷨҲ鷳Щ
ǰ룬ѡ˻ûѧķ⡣
Ϊⲻѣдúܿ죬飬ȷûͽ˾
ǰ˲٣һֱ˲żüá
ĿǰûпԣԿλöÿпѧԣпСʱдӣһ߳ȥѧ
ǰǲżд飬ȷûʲôŻύ
ŸĿⲻѣҲЩˣĿƵĿǰҲÿⶼɵġ
һƿ֮ǰ߳վʮš
ѾвѧվԼҽˣȵԽǾܽȥɨλָԭλ
ǰӷȵһҳԼӵ˱ˮš
¶ҲѾˣǰ۾һ첽ǰô
ǰЦЦصˣأ
¶ͷҲˣⲻѡ
ߡľôԱ߹һ
¶üʲô˼ʲôߣ
ľ˰ۣ˵󻰣򵥵úܣб±ʮ࣬һȥѽ
㡪
ǰס¶͹͡
¶һ㶣漴ЦˣЦݲãúúãǲҧ˵Ĺ
˵˭أľըëˡ
м࿼ʦ𡪡
ʲô죡
ľʱ˵ˣֻǺ޺޵ǰ¶°һ̧Զ
ߵСԱߣһ߿ǣһֹԼԼ
ǇNɪΪԼѧԣ
ǸпɼҲ֪ʲôÇNɪġ
ɲǣҪǽǮжˣ
ȵɼʹʵˡ

ǰΪʱ±һ¥㱡
ֱߵǰǰɵɵ۴ͣ·ڿ
ǰ㡢զˣ
ǿˣ


19 
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ıʵ̫, ǰ̲סԼǲʲôԣôӦ
Ľʱ䵽ˡ
иһ͵¿ʽ
һ춯, ڽǴӴɵ𾪳, 졪
áˣ
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Ǽ˵֪ѹ˶𣿣ұĶȫ, öȫѹУ
θǼ𾪡
֮ǰǰ˵, ÿһſĿֻ꣬𾪡
ʵȻǰΣҲûʲôЧ, Ҳ, ʼԵʱǰϹèײӡ
һһſ, 𾪵ط, ǰ뱳µĶ, ȫˣ
ûȫʦص㣬Ǿֻ֮֮һ, ɾЩȫˣҷֵͣ
ǰ⣬ҲȫˣЩֻ΢΢, ЩǴĹ, Ǳʲ, ⶼģ
иոտǸĿ, ȻһⶼԤ⵽ˣ
߳ţǾѾɵˡ
һȻԼΡ
Сһ⻹ǵһôҲǵһνдһ룬ǵֻϹдѡ⡣
㵽ôģֱֱ
ⲻѣϾŸտѧѧĶ٣ԺѧԽԽ࣬ͲԤ⵽ôණˡǰ̬Ⱥܵ
Ͼſѧһ£ҲϣȻѧ̫ĶܿĲҲôЩȻܺܽᡣ
ǣ
ѣǳѣ
Ѿ֪ǰ˵ʲôˣһһˡ
ֻԼŻ֪ǰĸϰǶô£
ѧѾʰˡ
ʣ˻棬¶ոնȥˣʱʱؽҵѧҪؿһۣǰûƤҲϽ˽ҡ
ո׼ӣǾ
ллѾӰ˻ȥл
Ҳһһǰ
˿̣ǳ˲ʵ
ãľ˽ңһķΧͺ
̶ǰһۣ
ľվڽ̨ϣɨѧɨǰǵʱ΢ɼü
һҲͷżˣһ죬ȥҪˣעⰲȫżپͰʱؼҡ
˺ܶҪģֲҵ
ٴɨˣ¿򵥣úñ𽾰㿼úãҲúáҪⶼáͲҪҲˣ
һ仰ǰǱȥ
ǰ⣬ľһ
ĳɼڿѧ칫Ǽҳ湫ʱмҳһ˵ļҳԸҴ绰ľ˶٣ҾûʲôȺҪܷµģȡмҳȫλ
ڣ绰ٵļҳҲͨ
ոտ꣬оô꣬ʦҪٷż죬㽫ɼͳƳȵҳʱΪݡ
ľ˵뿪ˣһ֡
ҳṫɼⲻҪҰ𣿡
ɣɼͦã϶ˡ
㿼ôѽ
ҵҲ̫˰ɣ
ʦûأŰɣҵ϶ൽУ

ԱߣԴãûоøոľ˵ӡʾǣ
̧ͷǰһۣŷ𣿡
ǣ
Ҳʼ磬΢΢Щ⣬ǿҪʧˣҿѵô濼ԣҲѵôĿдˣôҲرġãӦñҺЩɣϾΪѹⶼˣԼӦҲ˰ɣ
ǰģҲɵ
ôܸѹ⣬Լģ
ǰѧϰ϶໨Щ˼ͻ֪Ҫѹô⣬ɲʲôˡɺϡͿģȻѺ߶ݣȫָơ
ǾͳˣֵĿ϶²ӣͦ˵ģüһãɰҴæӣ㻨Ǯ˵ɣҪʲô
ģ·дš֡
ǰҲмָˣܿѹһã˵õٿ鲹ϰѸҾͿˡ
Ҫѽοɰ˴æҲûٻ˼Ҹǧɣ˵
ģܹѹô⣬͸ˣǾǧˡ
ǰԲ۾һ
죬ҡҡͷˣ˵پ١
ǣѾͷᡣ
֪Ϊʲôﻹͦ˵ġ
˵Ҹת˰ɣӸ΢źѣ
ǰ
һһû΢šҲûпֽɡ
ͯǰûУǰæѧϰҲͯԺһпǰ϶ǰǮתȥúͯҽ͡
ǣ
û΢ţûпĶɽˣ
-
Ǹǰֽ𣬵ȵʦҵԺǰպõٿǮú档
ˣ֣ǰ˵꣬Ų뿪
ѵôˣٿ飬Ҫǡ
½Ҫˡ
ǣιȥ档
ȻǰӰѾʧ⡣
εҡҡͷѾͷʲôѽһСģһȥѽ
ǰŲҴң첻ĳؼңǮǮҪȥһ̳Χ
ʱУѧ٣Ȼ˶ȲҪҡ
ǰߵЩ죬һײһ¡
Բ𣡡ǰæǸײ˱ˡ
ȴ죺ͯǰ
ǰ̧ͷҲ΢΢Щ졪ȻȻ
ͯǲѣһĶŵǰΣЩӡ
ǰ죬Щ֪ôк
Ȼ֪ΪѣЦ˵ȻɣǲãҲá
ǰɵͷȻ硣
룬˾䣺߶Ѿż𣿡
ȻôѧУ
ȻЦЦʦæĸľӣҲԶҾ͹ˡ
ǰգգ۾Щȡ
Ȼ
Ȼ㵽ʦԽæľӣ
ǰͯǲΣ˵λ׿Ա;ѧ
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ȻȥæɣȻȥˣǰࡣ
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ǰתæ뿪
½̣ȴҪϲŵCУһ·ϣȻǻӲ
ǰæΪӭ׼
-
ǰؼҾЩˡ
Ҫһȥ𣿡ͯԺЦʡ
ǰû˵ͯǲ˵ɽ˺ģȥʲô
Сӣ
ǰҲ˵аš
졭
ոտڣͯԺעⰲȫӴ
õġǰ¶һ΢Ц۾Уͯ΢΢һ㶣漴ҲЦ
ǰôЦÿһЦ̲סһЦ
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ͯԺ̾ôˣʲôʱԼȥ棿ûв´ĻӦǱ½Ҫˡ
أ΢΢Щ΢ˡ
ͯԺǸӵģ򴽣ʵǲǰٽӴˣҲûʸš
ͯǲ͸˵ˣèץƵģ˵ıŤ
ڶһ硣
ͯǲʱǰѾ׼ˣŲ죬ͷ˸ββζ顣
ߣô𣿡̲ס
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ͯǲˣѾͷǹ֣Ҫ½һزסĸˣһԼü
Ҳ׸磡
ǰ£ֱתŰš
ͯǲõԲ۾
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ҵһݰСʱ㣬սļְ
ż
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ãǰߵԱߣ쵽һż
ȻΪ˹׼ģ·ո£ǰСһСġ
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ż棬˲ٺ̳ܷǰϻżԴѾ¶˳˳һֽˮ΢˲
ûע⵽Զͣ
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ͯǲڼҰĴϷԱǷǡ
ǰߺ󲻾Ǿͯˣ˵ǰѾȥͺͯǲһϷոմ򷳣Ա߷
ⶼʲô˼ǣһѣ
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ͯǲ׼˵ʲôֻϢѡ
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ͯǲȻŭ̻ظ
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20 
ͼƬһ, һǰվŲڶһλ£ڲ, һС
ͯǲ͵վ
ͼƬȻЩԶ, ͯǲһ۾ϳǰˡ
ѾͷȻż棿
򹤣
ôôѽ
ǻع, Ťͷ, ʵôˣˣ
ô, Ѿͷܳȥ, ģȱǮԼѽͯǲûָ, ǡѾͷһȴ֪˵˭
ǰ
ֻ˿, ü, ʵַ
һ˲뵽˺ܶ࣬ǸٿǮĲϰѡ
Ǳߺܿ˵˸ַ, ߲ԶǸ̳ŴǰģԷڷ
ͯǲֻͳȥ, Ҳˡ
ҪȥѾͷڸʲô۶ӣ
-
ǰڳ緹̳ͻԣһ±ⷹײ, û⣬ζҲ, ԶԶȲͯҳԵģʳöȲϡ
ǰԵĻͦϰߵ, Ȼϲ
ϱĶûٳ, ְײ, ҲҪһļְеġ
ǰϱӴ򹤵ʱЩŵĸˣһҲܷ
ʱ᲻Ǯзӻͷ͹ˡ
˲࣬Щ˶̳ˣǳԷ϶ܽȥֻҸӰݵĽԡ
¶ĵطԵ˹ǰ
ǰ
ǰ̧ͷ죺Ȼ硣
ˣżȻΡ
ȻһĻкӣǰѧУһ棬Ǻͯǲһˡ
ȻҲǰ
Ȼкǰ£ߴߴ
ãͬѧˡ
ҲͬѧҰ׸ɣôѽǡְ
̫Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ְ֪𣿡
ǰܵһûɪͲ˼ͷأڼְ
˵ʱķϥϡдµĲżԴ
զְˣҪɶҪ£費͹ҪǮԲ۾ЦǸš
Ȼǵһ뷨ǰʲôҪģǸĸ
ǶǺ顣
ȻҲѡǮͨģˣ̫ҲԲࡣ
ǰҡҡͷû𻰡
ͯңͱ½룬ͯҺͱ½룬ܸҲ˵Ҳͱ˵
ǰԷϢʱ̵ܶģϾǰСʱ㣬ԸɻǮ
ȻһСһСι̾ǰȥԷɣҲϢʱɡ
أҲæ˵
ѽߣǴȥԵóԵġ
ɲǣ㿴ɶ
ǰҡҡͷȥɣϳҪˡ
˻Ҫ˵ʲôȻ˵кܶ;̫ˣֲǺܺãֵá
̫ˣʮһõĸ磬һů
ǰ̧ͷȻЦЦأģҲ̫ãͽ졣
¶컷ԱżһˣǰĹСƴͷȥҲм˿ʪͷͷִֹ
ƤȻ΢΢ЩڣЦʱü䣬˫ĿǺӲá
˲֪ȻϵõͯǲȴÿıԹ֪
ѾͷԹ˲ٿ࣬ͯңõȫҵİר˸޽ˢ
ͣټǡ
ǸһֱԹĸ磬Ҳһ߱Թһۣ֪Է˯кʱ򡭡Цɵơ
ܵõȫҳ谮ĹȴְȻܡ
עⰲȫȻֻ˵
ǰɵͷ
ǣȻק뿪ǰͷԷ
жͰȥǶһǰҪʼ
ȻոսżԴϣԶһ⳵ͣ£Ӣ۳Ķߵ֡
ͯǰͯǲ
ǰ΢΢һ٣ͷ
ͯǲѾǰԷ漴ʪ޽ǣִۡ
ǰ򴽣̾
һȥͯǲֻ˵
ǰûͬ⣬ҡҡͷһҪְѾӦ˵㻻ࡣ
½뵽ʱԻؼһ·ϴ
ã̫ɹˣףȥɡǳ˳Ц˵̬ȱͯǲöˡ
Ȼ˿ҲܸӣͯǲѾµΪʲôҪְˡ
ǰҡͷ˵ɹ·ס̫ɹġ
Ǽ֣˲ͶߣԴҪ
ͯǲŲżֱץסǰ󣬡ͯǰΪ˱½𣿣ֻôһ𣿣ֻ𣬿ҡҲ𣿣
ǰס
ǿǰҲޱȸӡ
֪ԭǰôһ磬һţԸΪְĸ硣
ǡĽ
Զ޽ˮȻҲͣ˽Ų
ûã֪ͯǲиõʱĽǼǰ޲ǰãһͯǲúá
˿֪ԭǰлһ磬Ǹ磬Ҳá
ǡĽˡ
ǰȡԴͯǲ΢΢˹۵״ǹ⣬ۣĲۣҲʲôֻǳְѣҲֻнһ죬õġ
˶٣ͷСʱ岻ãÿʱҪܶǮ̽ʱµΨһΣԿʲ˵ʱ᲻ΪҶȥˡССͣûͰߣͼƿǮԵģСûѣҶġ
̺ͱ½ģʲôأ
ʱǰ֪ͯǰԼӰж󣬱Ͼ˼ٵģǰ˼άԸ񡢼Ҳ˼ٵġ
ǰųЩ֪Լǰͯǰ
ռͯǰ壬ͯǰľ
ͯǲ˵ˣץǰҲɿǰλĳ̫ˣᵽǰǶ桭ѳ
һ죺㡭ɣעⰲȫ𡭡ˡ
ǰ΢Цصͷ
һΣͯǲһ磬ˡ
ͯǲҾԱߴţҲû£
ǰ
ջظոյĻôɣ
-
ǣϳһ
һŲżڷԶӰطǳ˧ˣҡһǮ
ʱʱǻܹȥæţɹܲסܻӰ
ʱʱȥ㶫͵żǰ
ǰȿ
ǰú֧޽ˮˣ
ǰ
һǰ²ż·ʪͯǲһСȶһֱһֽ
һһʪֽסݸ
ǰΣѾκˣǸ϶ϲߣǶȥ
˹ˡ
Ϊ˿ŷˣϾ̳ſڣҲڰæ
ȸ˷ǮߵǰǰڵŸСʱСʱ㣬һһٰ˶Բԣ
ǰ׼ͷһ𣺡ԡ
˰˶˹ȥȻֲڶλƹЦӦҲ֪ͻȻ˺ܶɣλС˧Ҳǰ˺üɤӣÿζвٱҪߵŮ˴ȥ˰ɣ
ǵģˣ˲ѣԺҪҪгõġ
ϧôãһǮģôеõ
ԣǲӦøǰһݽ𣿱ϾͣҲɵġȻͷȫЦ⡣

գٿǮ
ǮӵĸԸΪˣȷʵ˺Щ⣬Ҳ˺ܶ˿ǵ֣֪ǵĻ
ٿǮˡ
Ǯ˸İٿǮǰʱӵؿ˿ֿ˿վߵͬ˧硭
ѾͷԺͲҪʲôˣһ࣬š
ǰ
ֱ޻˵
-
ǮʱЩˣǰ˿ʱ䣬ֿ˿϶ٶǮҡ
ԺǳԷɡȻЦᡣ
ǰصͷʣҪؼҪȥˡ
ȻҪȥǲңĸƴ⳵ɣûȹ٣ʡʱأҲ㵽ҡ
ǰͷ
һͯҡ
ǰҴææ¥ϴȥˣӢ˻࿴һۣͯǲһ첲ײȻϣ㵹ǻˣ
ȻűײĵطЦ˵ÿľʵƢأ˳ëߣ㿴̬ǲǶöˣǷһٷ㻺͹ϵˣ
ͯǲһֽסɵؿô̬ҲˣҲֹǷһٷǷǰҶʲôͼ
ûУûУȻ϶˵
۹۱ǣǹģĬĬ˵
ǰܿϴã·Ҳ˸ɸɾһͷûɾϴһ·Ҳһµģǳʽ
ˣټǰкһҴҳš
ͯǲûü˵ǰӰѾˡ
ĬĬ̾£鷳ꡣ
Ľһ£ͬ˵ڰɡ
С
йϷɱöԷƬײ
ǰϵ˻վվڽ˵ĵط쳵վ˷ǳ࣬ȺУŽţͬӵȺѰұ½Ӱ
ˣֻҪҵǸ
ʵ̫ˣܶΪ˽ӵˣֱӺš
ǰûкʹŽţ˼ţһֱųڣڴ
֪ʱ䣬½ôˣ
ú
ֱһ˴ɢȥվĳ˿Ͷˣûп½롣
ǰڵЩˡ
һٴ̧ͷȴһطסȻԲ۾


21 ů
Ǳ½롣
ԭѾ, ֻվڲ棬һ䣬Ҳ, ûг
ǰ۾һʱ֮, ǰ, Ҳ˵
һǰҲ˱仯ţп, 򵥵, Ⱥв˶ġ
Ȼǲһ, ôУһ۾ܿ
һ, ֺ˶һ
½ҲվǶ, ûж, Ҳڿ
ǰһ첽߹ȥ磬Ѿôң
Ȼô˵һҲûԹΪЦݲá
Ƭ, ½ڣҿòá
ҺܺãˣǰʶͦͦظйʶĿ
ˣû֡½뵽׻ûסԴ
ǰ, ֮ǰ, һһ, б仯, ֻ仯
½ոѾˣǱ仯ԣȫǡ˸ˡ
ģԸֻڿʱһ
ҪԵ㡣½˵
ǰͷ֣ȻȻס½䣬ߣ߱˵磬ȥԷҴȥޣѾһȥס
ȥްɡϳ극ԽͻؼңԼٻޡ
ǰ֪ΪʲôҪȥޣҲ⣬ͷãеԶܸҪˣ
ͷƤգգ۾
½һֱûʲôҲ¶Цݡ
ʵ֮ǰһģĬԣֱͦЦȻȴ˲ܺӵļ͡
һȥ
ǰѡ޺ͯǸСԶܱҲкõľƵ꣬Ǹ۸ǿԳܵģȻͯҵǮԤƵ꣬Ǻñ½סͯʲôأ
ȥġ
ǼͦõģɨܸɾǰѾȥ˲žġ
ڼ䣬˺ܶ࣬ʮӵ
һ˳ˣ˸ովȥ
½һŸˣһֳǰԱߣ΢һ㰲ȫ룬ñ˰ǰ
Ϣ·ˡ
ǰüů
Ϻܳ˶û˵ΧߴߴҲ£½ʼôվţǸȫķΧҲʼһֱڡ
³
ǰһ̫ˣҴȥ㣬˿ܻ࣡
ȥ㣿½Ťͷ
ѽCĵطҴȥǰЦ۾ü䡣
½ҲЦЦȥ㣬ȥѧУɣϿεĵط
ǰһ٣漴ͷѽȥѧУǲ֪òǽȥ
½̧֣ԴЦˡ
˺ܿ͵ޣһ¥ޣֻڲͬˣǰѡһǿڱǳõġ
סʱǰЦסһˣ
ǰ˵۾漴ż˵Ȼһˣ
̿һۣЦŵͷֻˢ˱½֤
ϣѺһ塣
ǰ˿Һܱûо㣬ûǼۡ
ȡ׼Ǯ½ѾǮóǮݸ˰̡
硭ҡ
ǰո죬½˵Ǯ㡣
˵䣬̧Դ
ǰ˵ֱ˷ȥ䣬æ˵磬ǮǼģ
±½ΪϵǮͯҵģԸá
½ӣ䲻󣬵ȷʵɾҳǡ
ѡ˺õط͹ˣҪǮóһӵݸǰ˰ɣȳš
ǰ㶣˵Ǯ⣬˺ӡ
һǸ⣬ԼֹģϤİ
ǰĪȡ
̰ģͯǰͱ½Сʱ򲻻ж㻨Ǯ̸ǣҲ᲻ûʳʲôģδ
ǸʱͬͬѧѾʼ½½ʳˣСӵʳСͨͯǰȻˮȴһζûȥ
֪ûж˵ʲôֻ˺ǻǸ⡣
ͱ½һһǰСͯüª۾ЦһҸ
ǰ΢΢ҲмԼûĲ硭ģ
ţѧ¡½˵ƽ
ǰǷ·ܹվڳǽǸ⣬Լ˳
ţǸ𣬴ӿ
ǰһ飬Щˡ
½ҲĶ˳жǸģʼǱдģǸ⣬һϣһбʼǱһ˴
ǸһʼǣڡҲܰ㸴ϰˣҪԼʼǡ½뽫ӷԱߣ
ǰͷ磬ˣأϰô죿
½̾һУһǸġ
ͯǰɼãȻСطﻹǲͱ½۹ⳤԶǲˣһרűѧʼǡ
׼ѧڱֱӸˡ
ǰ򴽣
½ƽǸͿˣԶ˻³ˡ
϶ҲˣȥԷɣǰæѸӸϣ½ӹװ˴档
żڡ
ǰɻ
½룺˵˵ǮĶġ
ǰ
ޱ飺ͯҵǮոCУҲʲôְɣ
Ǹʣǿ϶
ǰ̾ͷǵġְˡ
½룺ʲôְ
ǰո׼ڣ˵óٶ࣬ˣԲҪ˵ѣ֪ʲôְǮġ
ǰã˵ѵ·Ӷˡ
û취ֻһһʮ˵û
˵ʱ򣬱½ôƽؿĪ飬ͷԽԽ͡
㲻Ӧüְ½˵
ǰû˵ҪӴ½룬ҪٻǮһȫԼѵ֮꣬ǰѧУһǮҲġ
һCУҪõ֪Ǯ
ֻ죬ҲΪʡЩǮ
ǰԼึһ㣬½벻ǾͿٸһ
Ӧ½ô֪ܲʲô˼죬˵ǰһˣ߿Զʵܽ꣬㻹ôණҪѧô֪ʶҪǣûʲôʱܹ˷ѡ
ǰ
ͬϰҲͰˣ㲻ǮͬϽǮף鷳οͯҵھӡ½˵зⱾһκļְݼְȫ˷ʱ䡣
˶٣˵ҼȻҪͻᰲźԼһУҪΪҲġ
̧֣ٴԴ
ǰ磬㻹˵أأǮ㻹꣬߶ٿɲȥˣ
½ЦЦ˵ģ˷ݼҽ̹æԼѧϰ
Ҳǰ뷴½ԼˣҲԼˣ
㲻ҪˣͯҸṩ˺ܺõѧϰӦúúѧϰļְҪȻ취½ѵ˵ô໰
ڲߣܶʱû취ţͯڳĲԵģһҪѵ
ǰǰı½룬ȻĺģģְֻҪԼúá
Ҳġ½޵̾Ϣһ
أǰڵͷ
̧ͷ磬ҲҲġ
½Цˣá
ǶöԷԼģҪԷԼչ˺ԼŶԷá
⣬ԷҲ֪
-
˵Ļ˵ˣĻҲˣ˱׼һ뿪ȥԷ
½ŴӣǸǰĶǸ⣬ʼǱ
¥ʱ򣬵Ŵ򿪣ѾˣһĸŮ
ǰֻǿһۣûзϣźϡ
ǰǶĸŮǺ档
ǰ½룬ո׼ڣһ𣺡治㡣
мֿ̱ȻǸƢˡ
λ긾Ů˵šüͷؿһۡ
վԱߵŮżس˳ѹ˵ʲô
ǰͱ½롣
긾ŮƲƲ죬ûٳ
ǰü֪ʲôֻᷳ
ո˵ʲô½Ťͷ
ͺûŮ˵ĻҲˣȫϡ
ǰͻȻЦˣʲô
ѽ½ôôأ
ҪôͲУȹģҲڱ˳ʳ÷˵ʱ׷̲˳ԡ
½˵˵ߺ˺ֻҪԼ⣬Ǿûκɱ
֪ԼҪʲôӦʲô
ʲôҾͳʲô½˵
ģҲһˣʳ̻ͯǰʲôͳʲôԼ³ʱҲ̺ͯǰԵġ
⻰ڱЩˡ
Ҳˣٴ𣺡˷ס
һΣǰͱ½붼ûһ㷴ӦŮҪˣһֱĸס
Ŵ򿪣ǰͱ½߳
ĸŮǺһ㡣
긾Ů˵㳶ʲô˵ʵѡôͣ͸Ҹ㣬ɲѧֲ֪ŮҲʲôϢģû˻Ҫ
ԼŮ
½ȴͻȻͣ½Ų긾ŮһֱҪֹ˵ŮԱ߹
֣ס긾Ů
긾ŮһӾըˣθ˦˦û˦
ԱߣǰŮһס
½룺Ǹ
ǳ䣬ĮŮȴǳŮ
ҵʲôǸû˵ôС;֪˿һǸ¼ģŮ˵
ǰüͷ
ҪֻǸո˵ôһ䣬ϣڵĻȴʵЩˡ
˵Ǹ½ˡ
ҲǸɿңҪȻұˣв½롣
½ϸ䣬ֿ۸źݾ㿴Ǿ컹Ҷ㶯ֿ죡
ʵЩˣͬһϬܹһУǱ塣
긾ŮסͻȻЩ¡
һ˵Σո֪֪û˵ٻҲеӶ֣ͣû׼Ǹδ꣬ʲô¡
ˡ
һĿ־壬ĵðս
Բ𡭡Ůૡ
½俴һۣɿ֣תǰ뿪
ǰȫ㶵ؿű½룬һֱӴȻĬԣȴº͵ı½룬ǸոһĻȴ
½ʵһһꡣ
Ǽֻ̺ͯǰԼСС͵Ը׺ݣҲסҪסˡ
˺һأ½򴽣ŵ˰ɣ
ǰ
½΢΢ͷ᣺ǲ˺˲ǣȴǶжﶼãЩˡá
һ磬Էͻߡ
½ͷҲɿˡ
ÿ˺ݣмֺ£ΪԸЩС
ݵʱģԼ˶Ầ£οǵСİ
һ㺦£ҲӰǵø顣
½ϰˣʧ
ǰȴͻȻ֣סֺ֣ܱ䣬ǰֺůͣůϴ½뿴
磬ԺҪˣΪˣֵԼǰ档
±½ӣֻǺ˺ݣأ
ΪˣֵԼ
½΢΢һ㶡
ǰ¶ЦݣǰߣԸ磬ǳɣԲԣѧϰǺܷԵģ
Ż죬жóԣжӪ
ǰ棬ϻ½һ
죬ͷ¶Цݣá
ոձ׺ݣһ˲䣬ͳͳȥ
-
ܺóԣõǺͱ½һԡ
һû˷ѣȫˣ˳Եúܿģǰȫߴߴ½ҲЦݣ˵˵Ƕ
ûһ㲻ͷ
ֻʱʱп㣬Ҩ
ȵǰҪԼȥģ½Ҫ
ҹЩȫ
ǰ룬ñ½֪סĶһԺҪҲֱͯ
ˡСſڣǰͣ½Ų
½뽫ϵĴӵݸ᣺ȥɣϢ
ǰЩᡣ
½¶ЦݣϾּˡ
ҲŶ
ǰʱˣͱ½ദĸоǷԱĵģһ˵ļ䣬еЩˣȻе
ο˻磬ĵ͵ˡ
ҲϢǰڰ֣ŲС˺Զһأͷӻ֡
½վǶûжոյĸȥԴҪ˼顣
üͷ΢΢
-
ǰؼҵʱͯڷһԻ
ͯǲʱ䣬ͯԺ˵֣Ѿͷ绰ˣⶼˣҪס治ɣ
ͯԺⲻ˵صһۣʲôѾͷã
ͯǲƲ죬ֹ
ҵãǸ
ĸ磬ֻһĻԼϣ
һ뵽Щˣ½뵽ҪCдðܲ춼ܳȥɣ
˵꣬ԼҲоԼỰһ䣺ܵдҵɣѧɾǼҳᣬҪûҵҲûдǾ˵ȥˡ
ȫ˵ģԼдҵġ
⻰ȴõ˰ϿɣͷѽǵʱдҵҸ绰ˣҲȫ
óֻͯǲѾ۾˹ϴڴ
ͯԺһ£һ֪˵ãأÿҪǿãûʸ˵⻰Ҫ㻹ã㶪˲
ͯǲʶ˵
ǲܣôúá


22 뿪
ʱͯǲ൱϶ġ
ǰǺŬ, ӱȽϲŸտѧĲ, пܻǳ
ͯǲʵѧ
ʵһֱͼңʵ඼ǰƳɼŵ, ǰĿƳɼãֻѧƣȻҲûر, Ҫ뿼ñǰҲЩ
ǰٴ, Ҳܴȫ꼶ȫ꼶ǰһ١
Ҳ, ⻰˵÷ǳƶ
, ȻɼܱòҪðѽ
ǰŵʱľ仰
ͯǲһ, 񡭡ǳӡ
ˣҪѵ绰ȥ, ǰ¶Цݣֻ
ǰЦŵͷ裬һˡ
˵, ӵؿͯǲ
ͯǲոտܸˣֻǾ, ѾͷԼˡ
ӣʶ˵˾䣺㿴Ҹ
ƶҿúãǰʡ
ͯǲһͦǵȻ, οȫ꼶ǰһ, һҲûС
Ա, ϲģ
ΪһְʱͯǲܹǰһˣΪǴӦֻԸŬģ
û뵽߶տʼ¿ƶԼܿǰһ٣
ȻͯǲͦøֱˣһֻС
ˣͯԺҲ̲ס˵ͷ
Ҳ̫⣬Ҫǰһ٣ȻнҪǿ˵˴󻰣㻨ǮȫۣͯԺ⻰һޡ
ͯǲϣȻԼǺĵġ
ǰ渴ϰˣѾͷڼô棬һϲɼõģԼҪǿúã᲻Լ
Ϊԭ¿ǰ΢ŬϰԴ˿ǳš
ǰˣǳ˳顣
ͯǲԲ۾զˣ㲻
ҪǿûҺô죿ǰʡ
ܵģҪû㿼úãҽһ㡣˶٣ͯǲ΢죬Ҫûҿúãýһ硣
ƶԼǰúãĿġȻҪǰ磡
뵽ִѾͷгͻ泩°һ̧޲ƨɺиβҲ˦˦
ǰ΢Цá
ͯԺͰȫ΢ЦſǣһȰǴٽķʽȻǸ˵ġ
ȵϷ˷䡣
ͯԺ°̲ͣסĥ˵ǲģǲΪúܲ
ţһ߷ĤһӦ
ͯԺֱԴսһڴȻСǰҲ˿࣬ԸȣʱôŬѧϰû׼濼ò
صǽǰһҲףֲǲ֪еѧжȻһиѧпҲ٣˲٣ʫͮпǺüʦ߷ùġ
˵̲סЦ͵ĸĸĹԾҫӣͯǲѧϰʫֽͮܵ
Ǽ־ԸסͯңʦҲͯ߷õġ
⻰˵ʵ涼ЩѧǰҪͯǲúã͵üǰһ٣Ѷ治С
ͯԺ̲ס̾˿ջظովϲ飬˵Ҿ°ʧкǰѧУȫһҵܡ
Ҳǳ̾һڣʱǶοŵɡ
Ƿֱĸӿҳ᣿ͯԺʵ
˵ҲǳˣŤͷͯԺ⣺궼ǲҳᣬҸʫͮҳᣬ갲ʫͮһ࡭⡭
ΪôӾᡣ
ͯԺȴǺԥʲôģʫֲͮûа裬ȥɣǸǲҳˣҵʱȥ
˲˵ɲɣ㲻ᰲοˣһûʧ㶼ᰲοȥǶȥǲǶ
ҲС
˾ôˣոհʫͮҳ飬ѾԺ
-
ڶһ磬ǰԹ緹÷װһʹţľͳš
ͯǲʱǰѾˣҲûôʧ˵㶫ȥ˸ڱ
ǻ˯
ͯǲӴϽŪ
أмֱ꣬һҪ˯
ͯǲžϲҸ㣬ҪҸˣ
˲۾һ±Ƶؿ˵ʲôˣ
ڻûǿˡͯǲˣƲסЦݣЦɵһ
ǣʲôпˣ
ȵ¿ɼҪûҿúã͵ýҸ磬ûˡͯǲ˵ú޲ԭرQ
ǰǰֳط˷ܵöû˯á
ܹ̾ҫˡ
ǣ
˺ðʲô˼Ȼ˾䣺Ҫûô˵
ҽһ㡣˵꣬ͯǲڰ֣ǲܵ顣
ǣ
ͯǲһۣͯǲ˲˵ǲǸ˵Щ̫ˣСġ˴
ǰϰôһʱ䣬;Լʱġ
϶Ķ࣬û׼ĺܲ
һÿǰһ٣ͯǲɲͷ
ͯǲһΪ⣺ģϾ͵ùԹԽиˣ
˶٣Цһ⣺ʱҾͻһ֡ԡ
ǣ
-
ǰʱ½ѾڵˣЩеǰ磬ôѾˣôҷϢأȾ˰ɣ
һü⣬ñޱı½̲ס¶һЦݣһشһ˯˾ˣҲյûü㷢Ϣ
ǰ˿䲻ȣǰ洩˼СףΪƤҲһոµ·һֱûġ
ƽǰǴУװµ·ٴ
磬ҸͣرϲԵģȳȥɣǰקڱ½ڹվ̨£ЦŴ򿪷УǼ򵥵Ρ
˺ţ̣ڱ½·к˸ܣţҲݵǰ
½뿴ǰϥϷŵķУֿ˿ţ̣漴˴Ϊʲôôã
ǰһ㶣ãȻҸѽ
ױ½ôͻȻ仰Ա½ĺãȫ˳ӱģĺñֵһᡣ
½̧ͷ죬ǳЦЦ
һΣһţ̣ͼӪ½ܿͳˡ
̬Ȼָ糣ǰҲͽոյɻԺ
ÿҶǳ˶ȥϰģ˾ѧУʳٳһ٣ûͲˣѧУأǰ䶯˶״ʵ
֪½ѧУȴֲ֪ôֱӿʡ
½뿴һۣ΢΢˵㻡ȣѧУôֱʰɣҪôò
ǰһڵͷ漴һҧֱʣǸѧУô
۾ֱֱܴǹġ
½̧֣Դ
ĺܺãΪҵпɼ͸һĩɼлǺܿҵġ֮ǰǮԼԼѧѶʳúܱˣƶҵˣҪԵҲӲ˶ǮѧҶԤˣмҽְ̼ǮҲ㹻
ǰĻһţ©ҪϢ㲻֪úòˡ
ȵ˵꣬˿
½벻һӵˣ֪Լļͥڵǹ¶ǻƶġ
Ǯ
˰ɣ½Ц˵
Cеһ죬Цʱһ¶ࡣ
̲ס¶Цݣĵġ
ǰصͷҲЦ
һѧУſڣȻ
ûܽȥ
ǰԼѧ֤Ǳ½ûУǴ½ȥУڽȥǰһ˽ȥʲôأ
춼ܿУȴǺܾòܿһα½롣
֪ҾͰͯǲѧ֤ţǰ̾һ
漴룬ͯǲͱ½볤һҲ񣬽˹Ҳɻء
½뵹ǲܲܽȥע⵽
ͯǲ
üͷ̾Ϳʼ²⣬ǲûǸ
ͲǸ磡̫ˣǰ뵽ͯǲЩΪʵǺǸ֡
ԽҪи磬Խǲ
ɼǵ˵Ҫ˵ͯǲã
˵䣬̧ͷ۱½룬ͯǲһͣǰܽ˳ȴʼնͯǲ
ԣ½˿ûٶ˵ʲô
ת뿪ѧУ˵ȥܱߵ꿴ɡ
ǰһ㶡
½뿴㱳ҵû
ǰɵͷһ£磬ϾҪȥˣҴٺúÿCаɡ
½ҡҡͷ
߿ǰCܹʱ仹࣬Ҫļѧϰʱˣܲõѧڸ߿ѧϰκʱ򶼲и飬Ҳߣϣܹһֱš
ǰ΢΢һ㶡
ѧϰ棬Ϊ»һӣҪֲϱӵźͬ˸ӳ죬ҲԼӦô
ǰһνУûĵ꣬ȴѾףκһ˷κһʱ䡣
ڱ½ϱǰһе˵߿ǸĻᡣ
뵽ͷ¶õЦݣãҼǵõģͣԼһ𹥶õѧ
ĵײ㣬룬ԸúˮŬʹǡ۷ᡣ
ǰ֣һĴָ
½뿴֣֣ҲĴָָ
ǰͷЦݲã½ͷЦգ΢
-
⽥סˣЩ䰵ȻҪˡ
½뿴ʱ䣬㡣
Ѿ꿴һˣżûʲôˣǵϣϰҲһ졣
̧ͷŵǰ
һǰ仯ǳ˴ɫʣȫ˱仯
Ǹʲô鶼ϲİѾǰŮ۵ǹ⣬ٲڱ˵ı󣬿ʼԼ߳ӭӳͷꡣ
˿̣дϰᣬǱϰᱡ½Ҳ֪Ѷȡ
ûͣ٣ϡৡдţȻԣѡ
᲻ϧһÿһ룬ʼ顢дϰ֮ȫͶ룬һ
½뿴ֿϰᣬɬѱ档
⿪ʼ磬ǰ˶̧ͷöϱ½۾
գգۣı½ջߣ˵߰ɣȥ˷ȥҪ´ꡣ
ŶáǰҲҪˣæʰ
ܴ߳꣬ǰ˸¡
½ʲôû˵ֻԼףǰϡ
ǰæ˵㴩ţ㡭
½㴩Űɣ岻ãҪðˡ
ǰ򴽣ֻ˼µı½룬Ҫ˵ʲôѾ̧ߣæϡ
ûԶܱ˼в͵꣬涼ʺѧĸǷ½ڵͣǰĺ档
ھůͶˣǰ·£Ҫ׼ȴͻȻע⵽
·촦һعҹƵӡ
ǰ˴
·Ӧ½ġ
Ԥ֪䣬˼µס
ֻüƣûɾ
ֿ½ЬӺͿӣЩףµģϴúܸɾ
ЬӺ죬ǰ࿴˼۲ŷȥпʦ͸пȡúóɼ
Ƕ֪Ĵһ룬㹻һֱõ
Ьˢϴúܸɾڿµһ㡣
УҪĻʵԶֹѧѺѣ鱾ѡϷѡηѣһԴסУҪԼġ
ѧУвƶмҽ̹ҲԲôɡ
ǶõһչڶԷǰ
ǰԼûдľ·½·ˢɾЬǶԼãõһԷҪԷš
ҹúܺá
ǰͻȻͺ۾
½תʱס漴ǰٿ˼֣㡭ôˣǲ岻Ķʹ𣿡
ż
ǰҡҡͷ̧Ĩᣬǣû¡Ҿ᲻㡣
½˿ֽΣûϵģԺһ㡣
룬˵עһ΢ţƽʱĩҲϵ
ǰصͷ
½ֲ˾䣺㲻ֻܳ죬Ҫúѧϰһ壬òҪֻ
ǰϽӣ̲סΪЦ֪ģҲǡ
£ע΢ţȻ˸΢ŵĵһѡ
ǰڲ֮ǰһߴߴ˵Żٱ½ǡ
ʱʱ½ԶǸˡ
ÿ˴Ա߹ʱҪ࿴һۡ
ĳúܺá
ŮӣüҪڿǰʱûж
½̬糣ѹûзָһ˿ע
ˣǰ̲סֹҲ̫ܻӭ˰ɣ
½ƿһۣεҪ˵
˭˵ˣǰԲ۾
½뱾ͷǳܻӭ涼ô˿֪ѧУöܻӭ
½ͻȻ࣬ǰ
ǰˣӣҲ˵ˡ
Ϊ½ǲ˵ܻӭĻȴǡ
У
ǰ
Ȼǲģǰû˵½ѵ˵˲ٻΣһһ˵ţܽǡ
ԲͷУ
һֱ˵ǰ֤ס
ʱҲ½ǰؼҡ
͵Сſڣ½ӣջǿ˵ȥɡ
ǰ򴽣᲻㡣
ֲǲܼˣȥɡ̧֣ҪԴ֪뵽ʲô˻
ǰͷûע⵽ʮ룬͵̧ͷ磬Ҫȥվ㣡
½ü
ǰᶨ磬Ҫȥ
ðɡ½ͬˡ
ǰ¶Цݣӻ֣ŲؽСš
ȵǰԶ½ת뿪
Ȼ֪
ߺǸΪѾȥǰ͵͵˳һ⳵
-
½뿴ʱ䣬Ʊ򵽵ƱЩ磬˿Ѿ뷢ֻаСʱˡ
ǰû
һ˲䣬½ԺкЩͷ
ˡ·϶³ˣ˵²ˡ
Īģ
½վڰ촦վ۵ĵطҪǰҵ
ȻȥûǰӰ
ٵʮӣͱҪˣųƱԲˣ˷ѡ
½̾ǲټһ
硪һͻȻ
һ̣½¶ϲ͵̧ͷȥ
ǰ˹
ͷ󺹣źܴӣССĸӣôණܵô죬ʲôס
½ʶ̧ǰӭȥ


23 ռ
ڼ, վػزˣӵȺţȥ, ֮Ŀ
ôˣȺƴǰš
һ˳, һ
ǰһֱԼһ㣬һ㡣
ԼϲϣҲ±½Ѿ뿪, ûд, ʱϵ
ǰûô˱ˮ͸, ͣʱ, ɤЩۣҲЩ̡
Ŵ, ͣ£½Ҳͣ, ١
硭šǰһ˵һߴϢͷĺ»䡣
½ʲôû˵ǰյĺɾ𱸣ϲͲҪ, Լ۳ҪǸðô죿
ǰգգ۾Ҫ㡣
ִú, ˵ŴŴ, ԸȴǷǳִ, ϶˾Ͳˡ
˵Ҫ, һҪġ
½̾
ǰʱˣٴν磬ҸģҪܾȥɣʱ쵽ˣٲȥˡ
һҸģ֪ЩˢͯҰĿġ
󣬳ߵڴ
½ǰĶ֪ЩȻǮģҪǾܾˣܡ
²Ϊ
֪ǰ˵߰ɡ
½˴ǰһۣ˵ء
ҲǣǰۿЩˡ
½ŶԼʱ˳վ
ǰŽſıӰ
½갲Ŷͷ͸ĲǰվǶͷ͵ذڰ֡
磬չ˺Լ
һ
վӣ½һֶû壬ȴֺƶˡ
ŵŽŵǰԼŶ֣˻Σۿ΢΢졣
תûлͷ뿪ˡ
Щվ֮̾ͼƱϳ
ڳϣſڻӡ
һһ˫Ьʲôƣ½֪һһ˫ǳϽŵЬӡ
ڶһ޷ɫسǺ䣬һ޷֪ůͶ١
ӺһЩ⣬һװˮһװΣһǺзСֽǰּİϤ
磬ǵȥͳԱæȣ
½̧֣Щӣۿ졣
-
ǰɾᣬתͣߣ̫ˣΪ˸ϱ½ĳΣ
ϵǮȥ½⣬ȥЬӺ޷
ЬӺ޷̫ģҲرģ򴩲˶þͻˣ·Ҳů
˺þòҵʵģôǮͯԺĿˢ
û취һٿǮҲô١
ǰֻܺ˵ãϴǮȡ
ſܾõǰͯǲķţڵһ仰ǽһٿǮ
ͯǲһ±ƼãȻǷǮУһٿǮ
ǰ׼½복ϳԵģʱһüģû뵽Ǽҵϰûаʱ׼ʱţ˰Сʱ
Ҳˡ
ûôͱ½˵Ҫ뿪
ҪǽҪȥȡԭǿԺͱ½һվģһ·ϣôʱ
ǰյԴ漴Žȥְһ죬ȰͯǲǮˡ
ȱˣӦȥ쵽Ļ
ֻǶԲ½ˡ
Ӧû
ĳǰ㿪ڣ壬Ȳؼңȥ
-
ϣû˯ã۾˯ŵı½Ȼ۾
Щͣ߿һһ
ոһΣ˵ǲһΣһ϶Ϊһ·̡
˺һͻȻ˳
磬ôˣԱߣһڳȥСͣ
ź棬ԴһĴ档
½֣С
ĺӣðװֵģҲܿɰͷôƤаǡ
½ǳ˳¶һЦݣˮȴЦǿЦԼֲˣ˵
Ϊøˡ
ҲѽĶСܺ棬һ档
½˵ʵһֱڡ
ãǲˣǱøˡ
-
ˬʵûйôۣǰòͯҵʱŲЩء
ţͯԺͰڣͯǲҲڡ
裬һˡǰкֶͯǲͷҲǴкˡ
ͯǲҪ˵ʲôͯԺһۣЦǳԷ˰ɡ
ţЩˡǰ¶Цݡ
ųԷǰŽȥ˲ˡ
ͯǲۣ֣ôȥĶˣ˵½ôڲŻ
죬ͯԺüͷݺݵһۡ
һֱûǰȥĶˣȵԷʱͯԺͻȻ˵룬ſҲ㣬Ժ󰲰ͺһÿ¹̶ȡ㻨ǮҪǻ˿ɾûǮˣ㻨Ǯôãǲܡ
ǰһ㶣ЩãȻ
ͯԺ¶΢ЦȰȻҺܷ㣬źڿһѧأԺ㻨Ǯɣ㻨ǮôҪǻ˾ŬѧϰֻҪн֮ǰô磬ô㡣
̲ס˾䣺ӹԣôѧ
ҵȻ֪ᣬⲻǷδȻͯԺ˵
ͯǲ͵͵ǰûպڿˡ
û뵽ǰȴЦˣ꣬NN¥ܿˣźڿͯԺǰ
˿Ц˵֣Ұ㣡
ͯԺҲЦ¡
ǰܸˣ˰룬극˵˵裬¥ȥˣ
˼ֻͷ΢΢Բţ𣿡
ԣ㻹ڳ塣ͯԺܾ
ǰйεͷǺðɡ
תŲ¥
ȵ¥ͯǲһãȻ⵽զˣ
ͯԺûлش𣬻¥
ͯǲǳɻܾãϰʲô
ȵ¥·ǰʱţݳһٿǮ㣬лл㡣
ͯǲһ㶣漴˸ոԼɻ󣬵ۣͯǰǲȥְˣ
Ӧģǰϵš
-
ͯԺͰط󣬰ͬɻʣôˣôͻȻջغڿˣ˵Ǯ㰲𣿡
ͯԺⳤһϰգҵĴ֮ǰû뵽
ô£
ͯԺ⣺ΪڿֲȴûùҲȥáǲһٿǮȻȥеĶҲ򡣡
ãȻЩ飬ôʲô֪
ֲȴҲεԴûйУ͸ôǲ;ôˣС̬ȣʵоСͯԺⳤ̾һԼû뵽
ʱͼˣ֮ǰǶˣôѽ
üԺôǲô԰ЩûϵоС㿴ջغڿǲһǲǶ˶ˣ
ͷŸոǰķӦ̲סҲ̾Ǵˣֲ̫ˣ˾С
Ƕû뵽һˢĺڿ͹Ų׼һ㻨ǮһոջĺǶô
°֪Ϊֲ
ǣǰһ췢֣Ÿˡ
ʫͮڣҲû˲ŰǷǰͯԺӰ죬ʼͬԴͯǲһԴǰ
Ҳ֮ǰǲ˵༸̬ˡ
ǻᶣԵ㣬Ҳ᲻鿴̫Ҫȥ۾
֮Щ͡Ҫ󡱣ǰáиˡ
ʱһξ͵ʮ°˺ռ١
һ磬ͯһҡ
ǷɼҳᣬͯһĿһžͿǺƼҸĸҲڱ׼ȥѧУ
ԶԶģ־кһ
ʵȥѽ
ĸ֣ЦŻظѽÿοҳᶼǰһȥʱ˲Ρ
̲廰ңǲᰤģ
ǲ㡣
ǣһ𣿣
˵ͬʱǰ


24 
ǰ
ֹذʲôѽ, СӣҪתƻ𣿣־ŭˣǡ
ƼҼҴҵ, еʦǮҲʶ˲٣Ҳˣڳвʱ, ˵ＤҵʹȴҲÿζҪϸǵġṦΰ
ÿμҳ, ư˵, Ǽֱһᣡ
ָʲôʲôӿŶûдѡⶼдϿ˯ӿΡ
ֱûʲôģ
ҲûһԿ佱ģ
ƼҸĸ, ҳϾ͵, ǰľϴηǻϽľˣ칫ɼкܵģ
ǾȻǰתֱ޿⣡
о־ķŭ, ǽһ㵽ǰԱ, һ̧, 첲ǰļ, Ӹ, ͦȻġ
濼òøҲϰ˵ġǽ̧̧°͡
־
ڳˣ
Ҫǲ˵, Ȼ˵ǰϰˣ
Ȼûӵ˼˭֪ʮĵһ͵ڶ
ɶǽ˲ǮŽ˶еģ
һڶΣ
ǿһҽһ
ͯǲžһǸǰϵֻ֣Įצÿ
ջ, ʼ硣
ļ, ͯҸĸƼҸĸЩĬˡ
ƼҸĸǲõͯ˵˵ǰ˰, ܲϰɶ
ͯҸĸͬء
ôźã
ĳɼлҪţ
Ҫûá
ǻ᲻ܲˣ̬ˣ
˾ôص˳ͯԺͰһۣڶԷп˵ǣͯǲ֪޸У͵ųɼǰһ硣
ǰ
ǰڱʡ
½˵öԣҪܾʱ仹࣬ʵҲꡣ
̶꣬һһ붼˷ѡ
ѧУʻȥһ·϶ܰ
-
ҳǶѧУϣѧУʱǳ
ʦú磬ŰӶ칫ңѧУܰϾʱ򣬻ûʲô
ΪԼǵһģû뵽ʱ칫Ѿһλʦˡ
ʦһʦ
ľŤͷʱڣһ㲣㱡
ʦôˣʦ첽ǰһ𾪡
ľû˵ʦ̧ͷŵĻͳƺõĳɼ񣬾ôչ֪Ѿ򿪶ˡ
ûϸֵǵؿľ
Ƭ̣Ӣʦ˽ľҲһʦ㲻ûȥɣ
ûȥʦһãȻͷ
Ӣʦͷͳɼʦŵˣ˵Ҫżһû֣ҿӡһҹû˯
ţʦеãȻˡ
춼о翪ʼͳƳɼȺʦ˳ȥȾˣû
ô磬Ϊǰһ³ɼñҳʵ֪ôܽѧѧϰ
Ӣʦ˺ţ̵ݸľΪǣʦܵóԵ㷹ɣ飬ͯǰķӦûɣ
ллľɳƵؽӹţ̣ҡҡͷɼûȷʵǸɼ
ֻǡ
ֻʵ̫ˣ
鵽ҹ֮ҲȥˣãȻϣ֪
УôЩѧʦϣǳ̶ȡ
ľҲǵһ
ʦʼվڴգæ˲֣ͳֻɼ򿪡
ɼһ꼶ܳɼʮһʯľȺİ༶ܳɼԼ鷢ɼ
򿪵ʮɼɼ˳ŷŵģһȻʮĵһ
ʶľһĳɼЦ
ʦҿǰ࿼ôҿ
-
Ӻܿ쵽ѧУ³ʱͯԺͰһ
ѹҪҪһȥҳ᣿Ļһ鲻ãǿһ
ͯԺҲǺģֻ߿ǰ沢ţաгҡҡͷˣȥһˣŸ˵ƽԴӡ
ǹȻŰŷģѹҲ
ĹעͲעá
ԣҲͲ˵ʲô̾һ
ǰ棬ǿСгʵһҲг
ͯǲ̧°ֲͣڶһȿȡȵɼˣɾ͵Ըķ䣡
ʱ򣬿ҪԹԽ硣
ǰһۣӡ
ͯǲʶͦͦظ漴üʵʲô񣿡
ôţǰԻˣ㲻ͯǲôôűԼúãΪпɼ
ͯǲغһȻο渴ϰˣ
ô渴ϰܿǰһ٣渴ϰˣôסɼġ
ǰǳ˳顣
ðɣΪпɼΪԼ֮š
ͯǲһͲˣҪǰϿǳݣһ
뵽ǰԼҲͦţͻȻЩˡ
ͯǲɼɲҪޱӣ
˵꣬־Լ⻰ɡ
Լ磬Լֵô
ǣֲһ䣺öͯǲ
ǰ⻰һֱӻҿ޲ޣʲôϵôᶪ
⿴ӣ
ԭУһֱģ·𲻰ͯǰ÷ˣ
ͯǲ
գΪѧųĺݻ֪õ˸û
ȷʵˡ
ǰŲһ㣬ҪƲ
ͯǲҧгݣѽ޲޺иƨĹϵӲãҲҵˣ
ǰ΢΢һ٣һҿллˡ
ͯǲ
ܻӿŲ߶ķȥ
ǰһ߶ҲȷʵҪֿˣͯԺͰûע⵽ǵ쳣һͯǲһǰ
ֱȥ𣿡ʵ
ǰͷţӦġ
߽һⶰ¥¥ݿߣʮ¥
ɩ¥£ſڣһϤкš
ͣ½ŲǰҲ͸ͣ
˳ȥ¥ݿڵĶϣЦеվǶվһĻкüλҳ
˿̰ζûҳҲûпʼЩҳǶվſڵţһ졣
޷ǾǺӳɼЩ⡭
ʵſڣڶѧҳһ𣬶Լ㣬á
Ѿѽ¶׵Цݡ
ѽıȽ硣ͷЦּǸѾͷһɼҲֽ
⻰ǳǫ飬ʵȴҫ
Ц΢΢˶١
ò˵ӵĹϵ
Ƕڰ˵ãոպͯԺͯҵʱûٱҲǸռ޽õ۸
̲ͯϲǺͯûʹӡ
ҲǺͯˣͯԺԵܲմȨǲźͽ⡱ȻⶼϿġ
գգ۾ǰסǰ֣ȣѽǺþûмˣ㿼ôѽ
⻰һɫ̾Ͳ̫ÿˡ
ⲻǵĺĺ𣿣


25 
ǳ˳, ɼǻû𣿶ҺͰֻ󰲰һƽľͺãǶΪ滮δ, Դ
˵Ǯ
ɫҲÿˣȴǳЦ, ȵҲǣǼҲǮ, Ժ߿, ѧҲͦã
ļͥ, вٳɼõѧ, һĴѧͻǮѡ߲֪ѧƽ
⻰ǵ˸̨ףϾҲǲԸðؼҸ״, ӰҸ顣
˭˼ϹгϢأ
Ҳ˳̨£, Ժ˵ɡ
ֻﻹЩ, Ǳô, ˸տʼ۸, һֱֺ
ɼԶͯϣָǱô⣡
ԭͦϲϵ, ˿ҲѵöͯЩϲ
һת˲Զİʫͮ۾һ, ֣ʫͮ
ʫͮͯվһ, ˱, ڶΧ˵
ȻǸУСУ֮Ƶİʫͮ
ʫͮ߿˹۾һ첽еľϲǳԣÿİ˲١
ǰЦոͰͣµʱͷѾͰʫͮˣΪڻװһոտǵӡ
ùãʫͮϲãֿԱߵǰ
ǰͷ
ס֣ǵʣʫͮοôأ
⿴۶ǣͯϳɼǺܺãʫͮǲ˲٣ʫͮȵȫ꼶ǰ壬ܹͯǰʮͺܲˡ
УҾˡʫͮᡣ
ǾͺǾͺã㾡˿϶ǲġЦ۾
ǰվԱߣޱ顣
ֻﲻƽģЩɬܡ
ʱ̫ˣΪͯԺţҲǳзִ磬˿ͻȻס
ͨĸףǲһġ
˵ĺܸˣǰû廰
ʲôʸҰĹĸ˭أ
ʲôʸҪֻĸأ
ֻǡ
Ϊͯǰί
ʫͮһߺͰȣһ⿴ǰԣеĳһ
Դ˺Ƕֻǰװƽ˽ͺεĵжˡ
ǰڣҪҳˣͱ˵ţȥ
˵꣬ǰתߡ
û˸ҳᣬʵν
ϱӵļҳᣬѾϰǸŵλãҲϰʦͬ߿
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ͻȻ뵽½룬ҳʱҲôֻӰһ˰ɣ
ǰոתߣ̾ͳ
ȻѾ˼Զ
æɿʫ֣ͮҪȥ׷ǰʫͮȥҳˣϸ׼ҹ
ùãʫͮʶס
в˶ڿǺͯҲıʮ꣬ҳĶǰڡ
ʲô𣿡Щż
ǰıӰѾҪˣϽ׷ȥ
ùáû˸ҿҳˡʫͮͷдį
Ŀһڽ֮ǰÿοҳᶼʫͮĸײʹˣĸǸСµġ
ǶʫͮҳᣬֻùõĶϡ
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⡭ҪȻȸ꣬ʹȥʦ顣
ʫ̧ͮͷ¶Цݣ˳صͷ
ʱһų𣺡ʫͮ
ʫͮͰŤͷһأЩųŮ˹ȻǾɻֶЩֲڡ
·ǴòɾЩ̫ҲǺʺ
긾Ůͨģֻվڰǰȴ֮
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ĸ÷
ȴ˿æкɩӣʫϿҳ᣿
÷Щɣȴ˵ѽ÷ϴ绰˵ģ˵ҪҪҳᣬʫͮ
ԭͯԺ֪ͨ÷ġ
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ϼѾΪҳᳳһܣװҪҳᣬûͬ⡣
𩲻ɵģ˵Ҳֻᳶȡ
ʫͮѧУһֱŮ󣬳ӳͣһǼҾԽȻûгϹͬѧǻԼµ
𩵽ѧУҲˡ
ҳģӦǰŹ
ðԼ˳û뵽ͯԺ⾹Ȼ˵绰÷ˣ
ĸףȻ񿴸ô񣬵ҲǺɸ֡
˿̣ĸ״Ű·ִٵվǶΧ˶֪ĸˣ߲ס
ʫͮһֻһͷĿѣ
ǵģĸôŵȥѾͷҳᣬҲ治¶ˣͯһѾͷװŬҿܿʲôɼ
߿ʫͮϧʫͮô㣬ǴĸģĸǸѾͷ
ǵһָ̧ͯϵĶͷͰʫͮһѧϰǳΪĸƨ棡ͯǰٲҲ󲮺ʹĸļ⣡
˵ͻȻֹһ䣺ҲǺЦҪŮţҪֶŮӡֶŮǱĩá
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ǲǲˣѹϴЦݡ
ǰһۣ˳ǣ̬Щ룺ûС
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λҳںӵλðɣľ𣬴˰Ļ
ǰ̽ȥλϡ
ľҲվϽ̨ȺУһ۾Ϳǰͣһ£ǳӡ
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ʮһİ۾ˣҲһֱ˵á
á
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𣬱εѧ
ѧȻ˺õһɼΪѧѾü꼶쵼佱ˣ
ʮමȻȫ꼶ʦгΪúã˿úá
ǡ鸴ӡ
º֪ǰλô⣬˴ŤͷվԱߵǰôΪʲôأ
ǰڣͦõġ
ӦزӲʱ֪Ӧôӻ
Ķ䵭ˣ
̨ϣľջߣһڣҰǰϵĳɼңλҳ֪ڰϵĳɼԼ꼶ϵĳɼ
ѧϰΪأɼʱ˼ҳӣֱӾô˵ˡ
ǣ೤ѧϰίԱȥ̨˳ɼһλҳһš
Ǹˣ־֣褳վںſڣЦݡ
ľüɣԺǵ׼ʱЩ
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Ƕ֪ǰͬҲ⣬ͷԹλ¡
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ʵѾõһٸѧиӺõĽԴ£ܹʮʵѧǰʮģɶﰡ
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ԴţǲǲˣѵҪɼ
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ʵ಻Ҫƽ֣ҲҪĸѧ˵һ꼶ǰʮĸࣿ
нУǰʮȫʡн׶ôһˣƽаѧҪ뼷ǰһٲѣԽǰҪȥģԽѧ
ǰʮƽаɱȥģֱǺ

ⲻѣԺÿοԽԽѣ֪ܲܿôˣ
̨£գգ۾գգ۾һȻԼĶ䡣
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칫ҡ
ʦһ߷ɼһŰ칫ʦǰ
ûʵεɫǰʮƽаѧ˵ùȥǰʮͰ˸ͯǰӲǰʮ
ģ°Ϳ˵ʵΣЦˣ
ͯǰǸƽа೤ˣ
Ҿ˵ƽʱô棬ҵҲдôã϶ģ

ѧʦƫͷڳʦԱ˵ϳôЩԡ
ţʲôԣ
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ʦһ£ϸǰƳɼҲס
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26 
ͯǰķĿ, Ӣ֣ķ϶ˣѧѧ, Ȼȫ֣
ɼίʵ̫ˣ
ֻ۵ĳɼóʢټԶ׵ڶ߾Ӱף
ʢ˭
Ǻ͸߶Ȼж˫۵ˣ
ʢٲǶиģǶлǮһʡп, ֻ״Ԫһ֣״ԪһС
ͯǰƳɼȻܹУ
ȻڿǵھţҪǡְ֮أ
еĸʦְ֪༸һδϴƣЩԭɼ⣬ǰģͲ۵ġԭЩʵģ׿Ϻȵģ̾ͳΪǰУ
Ҳˣʦ, һʵֻǴ, ҲôҪ
Ҫְ֮ĳɼϾǲϸ߿սʱҪĶ
ͯǰŶꣿ
ôܾľأ
ʦ͵ҡͷܲ, ŶɺϰɣпɼҲʵʦڰ칫ұԹöˣ
ѧʦ̾Ҳǡ
λʦջߣ׼ԼҪ˵Ļ
ֻǡ
ǵѾƽ
ʵ, һ꼶ʦ̫ƽ, һ, ǲżԱȣҲż԰ϵѧͼҳԼȡõĳɼ
ڵһʱ䣬ʵļǡ
ʮͯǰȫ꼶ھš
һпڵˣһƥͻȻɱ˶ɱҵȫ꼶ǰʮ
ųɼУࡣ
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Ȼôã
Աߣ֣ǼҰȻȫ꼶ھţ̫˰ɣ˵ǻΪƭǣû뵽Ȼ˵ģ
վ֣褺־Ҳ˵ѽǼҰô㣬ôҲóأ˵ͲԺˣȻصô

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ʵϣǲҴţǰôҲǲ֪ģ
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ЩҳеĽҪûˣԼҲʼĿһ
̨ϣľ
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ǰŽžΪ˿ɼֻǰ༶ɼЩʧ
潫߼ڼҪĿ棬ȫ֣ѧ֣΢һЩĿ۵ķҲԤ֮УϾĺĶ⣬һֲۡ
Ӣô֣ǰҪעˡ
Ҫ֪ļ򵥣˼֣ԺѵʱҪ۶ٷأ
ͯǰ̰嶼ӢǲǴСͽӴӢѧǱȺܶѧϰӢѧֻܸṴ̆ܲˡ
ǰ¶ģҪӢµ㹦
ųɼһطڻعƶնǰϣ̽㡭꼶ھţ
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֣סĸ첲Ǽ𾪵˵ǿǵھţھţã𣿣
ԭΪһǲ
֡ǿЩһ
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ǲһ
Ͳһ֣
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ǰȴҡҡͷ΢΢̴Ӱѿˣ˵Ҿڵλúܺãʦ֮ǰ˵λֻƽƣˡҪΪһˣһѧġ
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⻰ȫΪǣѾͷòԺһѧϰ϶ῼøõġ
֪ͯһըëˣָ̧ͯǰпɼôͻȻôã϶ˣ

סͯϣ죡
ҲҾҪôͻȻôãͯòС
֪ͯǰɼʼǾһֱ߶߶ָûá
ͯҲܲǰԼúõĽ
·ļҳѧ߶˹᣺㡢˵
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пżһأôͻȻھţ϶ˣָͯͯǰ״
ʦ۾ۿͯϣҲ֪ĿοԵѧĿҳģǰһϲųʮһӡڶһֱȥģס
˶٣ͯͬѧɼ»ˣȥɼͬѧǲףҸ㣬ǲκγϢģҪǻûõĳɼͽõĳɼ
˵꣬ŮҲͯ׵ŤͷǰϬ߽ɨɨʣͯǰ
ǡǰƽڣû飬Ҳû߲ƽ
Ů
һκεְʱһ㱨


27 
ͬʱһ㶡
ոձ˵ͯҲס, ߿ǰͺε
εһƢãҲ棬Ȼ̵ú, һ඼ͬʦҲ˵Զ˽ģϲԸºЩĶΡ
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, ۿʵγǰ
Ȼ, ⻹ġ
ε˵֮󣬰ʫͮһ, ͺεϬһЦеģǳº͡
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˶˵ĲУЦݲá
ͯǲعһ㱵س嵽ǰǰ㡢ǵھţ
ǰϻгɼ㿴𣿡
վͯԺԱߣЦݲõش򿪳ɼ𣿡
ͯԺֻżЦţǰԴ߳ؿĶŮ
һˣϲãڣκ˶岻ȥһ㡣
ǰ⿴۲ԶѾƲİʫͮƹȥ̶϶ԷĮͷߺ޵۾
ģ˴˱˴ˡ
ջߣٿʹİʫͮЦЦؿǰһ±Ƶꡣ
ͯǲ
ԭرһ£һ𾪣ôô㵽ʲôʱôģпĳɼǶ𣿣
̫ˣʱһʻٰ֣ĵһʺţͷһ顣
ҪǰǴǰʮ嵽ǰʮãǴһǧ˵ĵ嵽ǰʮģ
ǰգգ۾ⲻص㡣
ͯǲʶʲôص㣿
ǰԸķ䣬ýʲô
ͯǲ
ԸķѽͯǲУոܹ⻰̾Цˡ
һֻһҲΡ
ͯǲ
㲻ҶĲҷɣǰ۾
˵ʲôͺͯǲ󵽻ڲԶ־֣褶˹
һͺ죬Ӱֹ㡭
˵ʲôûǰ΢Ц
ͯǲ㣡
ǰԡ


28 Լ
ͯǲôô֮ǰļƻ
ѵӦи֮˵𣿣
֮ǰͯǶǵĵ·ǰ, Щȫ˴žž졣
鳰Ц
ͯǲ͵øˣݺݵǲǸģ
ǰô֪һԡ֣϶֪ĺ׳, ǰЩ, ֻǣ
ü, ޹ôأ
Ȼͯǲ
ǵĶԼͯҸĸҲ֪, Сǵǲ棬Ա߿ͯǲЦ
´ξԲģͯǲҧгݡ
ǰֶһ𣿡
ͯǲ
ͻȻԼһơ
ǰοȫ꼶ھţɱҲɼʲôǰģ
ո˵Ǿ仰ֻʶѡ
ãǲ´οҪѽ, 㿴ôĻҪѧϰҪٱԶԶ˦󣬿ĶšͯԺ⵽һ˾ϰ, ˲֪ôж
ͯǲ
Ȼ̼ˣҧгݣľͶģ
, ְԼͿˡ
, ǲҲǳӦýЦе˵, ӵĳɼ, òС
ͯԺЦŵͷǲǰʮһǧ㻨Ǯ, ȫ꼶ǰʮǧ
֣ȰలԴ
ʱҩ, Ͱʳ, ͷûǰôɿ, ƤҲ˲٣꣬Ӧûá
ʱǰװ۵СѾͷˣ
-
꣬ͯҸĸƼҸĸ뿪ˡ
ǰͯǲǡʫͮҲҪؽң˲С
ãҰҸл㣬ĩȥҼҳԷǿ롣
ǰû˵ͯǲüصʲôԣҼֲû
˵䣬Ҫǹ
Ƶǰһߣ㿪ˣôһأǸлġãӦ£ҪǲӦ϶Ҫȥġ
ǰεͷ
ƼҾԱǶҲԶ˷ʱ䡣
ҲȥͯǲôǰһȥƼأ
ѾͷССƵģҪǲ㣬ǵ˿ô죿
ȥû
˸ǰһۣҳһ䡣
ǰվм䣬ģ¡
ȫ岻ϻİʫͮϵЦݽӲ˿飬ʵϲýӴҲʶô꣬ͯϲôãҲûкദôù
ͯǲҲǣ˵չͯΪǽôǲ磬չǰֱʶķӦ
ôҲδԶǰ
ʫͮףǰױǿĶ
ֵʲô
ǡΪͯ
ܿߵһ߶ֽ紦
ι㡭
ͯǲոտڣǰʲôιӦýʲô
ͯǰͯǲţ㲻Ҫ̫ˣǶ䣬Ҳ˵ýһģ㲻Ҫôߣ
裡
Īĳ裡
Ϊ磬Ȼûýһ磬һ㣬ֱʷ
ǰЦ´㻹еġϾֶһΣ
ͯǲ
ߵģߺǰӿŲ붼û룬ѹǺ滹аʫͮȥ
һؽҵģոմӺŽȥ̾ջߡ
Щгݡмɵ𾪣пһĺɫ
У¶Цݲã߿ľмֵ⣺Щ𣿻˵˵󻰣Լͷʶ̣
ľ⻰˵ͺʾֲ㿼úãʲô
¶üȷʵҿúãѿúѽҿҲ١ĳЩͷʶ̵Ŀúã
㡪ľվЩ죬ǰ˵˾䣬б»ػܿɼһ¿ʲô
˵꣬ܳҡ
¶ȫʤͷǰĴָЦ
ǰҡҡͷû˵ʲô
αʼ飬ϰҲ˳
Щ꣬Ͼոտҳ˳ɼкЩ˶оɼΨǰһˣѾʼˡ
ʵĳɼѹȻƵһɻһʢ١
һӣ൱ףǸʵʵɼ
ǰ룬ȻһӶУţǾֻʣŬ
Աߣ׼ʰȥ򣬿̵ɴ۾
ãŸոճԳɼҲԣõô𣿣
ǰͷҲ̧ʮһѮпһ»ĩ
ǣ
֪ΪʲôͻȻϵеء
-
칫ҡ
ȻĺӲšѽߴˡʮһε۾ҪĲˣ
һǰƽֶ಻٣ҶԷôã꼶ϿʱҲҪľ佱ġ
У쵼ܽʱҲᵽʮһ࣬ľҪ𻰣ѧУܲǵƽаһǰʮ𣿵ʱְƣҲҪһЩ
ǡ
ۺ찡
ľ˳ǣ׻¶еЦݣı¡
ʯ룬̲סᵽһ¡
һֱںͼҳ˵֪ո¥£һζʾְʱӭͯǰȥǰ࣬ҪѧУ涨ڹƾȥˣ
ľЦݽס
죬εЦЦǡҪԸ
ƽаɼõѧûְʱ򣬻ҪƽаģǺ٣ϾʵԴҪһЩ
ҡ
ǰ㣬ɺûϵôĮôѡ
ľһͷۣͷһοʼԼˣпɼĲ˵һУ
ΪᵽǰʦҲ½½廰
칫ֿʼµһֿ佱ͯǰᡭ
ľû˵֮ǰǰŬõѧڴˣأ˵
ǰ¿ɼͿʼܵʦҲģʦʼעǰľʱʱҲҪǰش⡣
ϱй־ǰӦԣµʱ䣬ȫͶѧϰ
߲ͣ¿棬ҪǸ߿Ǹѧǵս
-
ϣͯҡ
ȥ·ϣǰע⵽ʫͮ۾Щ죬ǿ޹
üͷûп
ܾáҪ۶ˡ
ͯǲע⵽ˣѯʼ䣬ʫֻͮҡҡͷûлشǣȥ·ϱƽʱӰ
ͯҴţһʫͮͺ۾ǰ
żǰʫͮôأ
ʫֱͮס
ͯԺҲ˹òУʫͮôˣĶǲģ
ʫͮҡҡͷһŴſǻ˵̡ûá
ǰ̫̫ж۰ʫֻ֪ͮԭĵˡ
Ҳǵģʫͮѽ㿼úܺˣȫ꼶ڰˣǾѧҲǺпܵģҳɼһҲο
ʫͮޡ
ܵĶͯǰǰеġ
̺Ŀúܺˣ㿼ڰ˶޳ǲͰÿ޵øѽ
ǰ򴽡
ͯԺʶüȻæŰοˣʫֿͮ޵òУҲÿڡ
ǰûж˵ͯԺк¥ˡ
Ѿʫͮڸʲôˣ
ڽûãͰأƶԷáҪܹ̼һ͸ˡ
ʱǰͦ뵱ŰͰʫͮ˺
ɵֻ룬԰ʫͮи飬ʫͮһװھͱŰѡһһ£ôǺͺòǸǰ鷳
ԭУͯǰѾǰ˺鷳
ͯԺ⣬ǵģŮͰʫ֮ͮ䣬϶վŮġ
ɻаӡ
ǸôõĸףǰҲмΪѣԭһǽüͷûһЦݡ
ҲˣǰܺӾͺӰʫͮ
ϷûˣԼɡ
¥ǰ׻ܵӰ죬ȥ顣
ͻȻЩ뱡½ˡ
ǰӳóֻ򿪣Ψһһ΢źѷϢ
磬ųɼˣ͵ھš
ǰӣظ
ǰ/
ѵñ½뻹˱飬ǰЦЦ༭ҳһֱţЩ֪˵ʲô
û뵽ʲôϢ
鲻ã
ǰ΢㶣ʵ
ô֪
½ûлظֱӴƵ绰
ǰˣ˵һθžͷԷЩĬ
½ȿڣ㿼ôû鲻ã𣿡
΢΢ü۵׶ǵǡ
Ȼʾ䣬ȴǿ϶
ǰͻȻЩί
۰ʫͮʱί۰ͯԺίͯǲҲίƫƫ½룬;áίˡ
żУͯǰʮ˻ŵ̡̫
ǼѳٶѶί
Ϊʱб½ţеίš
硭ǰڣһһʮͻȻί˵˳


29 
ȵ˵, ǰЩΡ
Ҳʲô˵顭ô߶߶˵ôأ
Ƶͷı½üͷ壬ǰһ¶Цݡ
磬û, ǸոЩ, ں˵˵, Ѿûˡ
, Ҫֻи
˵һίѹҲѾȫʧˡ
ǰ룬԰ҲûͬһĸŮ޼䣬ôҪһǻĸأ
Ƶͷı½ô˵, üͷûɿ
ǰʼ磬Цݲã·ٲһ˿, ҼǵסУӴôֻѽɲ, ǧҪֻӰѧϰ
½ΣҹܵסԼ
ֻ, ˣǲ½롣
㿪ֻԱ, Ҳ, ֻ˿ǰϢ
ǰҼǵҲ¿ǵһ
š½Ӧһ
û˵, Ƕϲһڶ֮ķ
ǰԣЦԽá
Сĵط, زסôɣ
ǰ, ½ȴعոյĻ, 䣬߿žͷ棺ǰ෴Ҳһô꣬ĸȻǺġ
ǰõЦ£εͷš֪Ҳǿˡ
½볶˳ǣ¶Цݣ˵㼸ְͻؼְСķУûҪͬ˷ʱ䡣ԼˣߵøӳԶֻŶ㣬Ѿˡ
ǰ㶣ͻȻ뵽ʫͮĳɼ
ʵ¿԰ʫͮԶ꼶Ƽ㣬ĿҲǿǼˣȫǿۺô򵥣ƫƼ࣬ǷǳƵġ
Ҳֻ꼶ڰˣɲǵǸôμɼһжˮƽˡ
ʫͮԼûз֣ǰĹעʣεУѾ¡
ǰͻȻͻˣЦٴβãԣ˵е
ͯΪ˲½ϺȣҲΪһõλᣬమ飬Ҳͯҵʲô
ڣʲôʧأ
úѧϰע壬ԽԽãٶֺãҲûõġͯҵŮ׽ҲԶΪ׿㣬һƽȴͯҶʹӣҲǰڮ㡣½˵
ǰԽ۾Խ½Ҳ˳ݡ
Ҳûʲô˳ģҲδйĸȴ˴ϻۣǰ˵ѾĿ
½뿴۾ЩҪԴ
񰲰Ϊǰеı̲סҪԴ
½׿߰˼˵̼㣬㣬ҪҪţҪǺϣɵĲ鷳ʹﵽĿġ
˶٣ñ䣬ʱĸĸᣬȴΪŮΪֲáǸʱֻܣܶʼѭ
ǰ۵׵ĳݸˣѾ𾪵ĳ̶ȡ
ԭС
ɲ
Ϊᣬ԰ʫͮãҲҪǺͺãÿζΪͯǰɢ԰ʫͮ͸ˡ
ͯԺҪƫǰһЩͼǣɰʫͮڰ׼ҹòãۣǷìܡ
ǰһԣʡµİ취Ǻ
ԡ½ͷļƻգڿ˼취ˮܣ˵ľֻô࣬Ҫ˶ãĲֻԽԽԽԽ׷ϲ㡣
Ǹʱ򣬰ʫͮǰˣϲŮ
ʫͮ˷ѵʱ;ˣǰĲ֪࣬޾УԽԽ
ϣֻһˡ
ǰҪѧϰԼǲ˷Ѿ򵥵Ӧ԰취
ң۵ɱˣ
꣬ǰૣ硭
½ͻȻĿһ
Լչ¶᲻ᱻŵ
ǰİͻẦԸеı壬ݡǰȰһЩǰ᲻Ҳ
½ͻȻЩ£΢΢ͷҿĻǰŹɵ
ǰ
磬ôô̫ˣ
½ٿ̧ͷ棬ǰ۾ؿεĳݡ
죬ǡ
磬ϢԺ϶ٱǰЦ˵Ȼʡ
½ȴ˵ҵְִ绰Ԫʱһȥ㡣
ǰסһãȻ˵𣿡
ִ֪绰Ϊġ
½ɫ䣬ֻһЩҽĸף㻻λ˼֪Ϊѣȣ˵ôߵԣȫףҲҪ֪Ӧעִ硣
ԪȥҲҪͯˡ
ǰû˳
ԣǰۿ΢΢Щ죬ִͷů⣬һСľҪѬʪۿ
˵Ԫˡ
½һ㶣ǰ۾
ǰ¶Цݣһȥ
˶٣˵ΪĿģҡˡ
Ҳ㻨Ǯˣһβףͻȥ
½뿴ĻŮۿҲ΢΢Щʪ
ѾǸҪΪһƬСˣˣҪߵԱߣ磬ʱҪվǰ棬еꡣ
һģһֻ˶ţۿ
ĵףȴһƬů
-
طʱͯԺ⻹ڴ˼
΢΢üôûϴ
οʫͮأͯԺʡ
뵽ǳˣ࣬˯ˣҾﻹǺܣҲǵģɼ»һͲʵ̫ˣ
ͯԺüͷøܾʲôطΥͣȴôҲ벻ס
ܾý졭ͯԺ˵
Ȼոտڣֻˡ
ۣ΢΢һ㶡
½롣
ͯԺæ˵绰ģûд֪½ôͻȻ绰
ι½ѽôô绰ʲô𣿡ǹġ
绰ͷ½䣺ʲôҸоܲá
ͯԺһ㶣Щˡ
ʰɼúܺã֪Ϊʲô鲻ãҲ˵ѵýôô᲻أ½壬ֻǴŵġ
ʯ𻨣ͯԺͻȻӦ˹
Ȼûе˵ʲô½˵˵Ԫһˣʱ鷳׼һˡ
һѹ
ҪȻҲ뵽ءһҡ
ͯԺһ˲侾ܲѣ˼ɳƣáҲҪģǻչ˺ðģ졭ˡ
½˵˼䣬˵绰
µ绰ʱͯԺɲÿվȥǰֵѾ˯ˣȥ
һãȻϹôˣ
㣡ͯԺЩࡣ
סãȻˣʲôң
鲻ãԪҪرңǡίˣͯԺֱŮѾô࣬òһȴͯί
ãȻ죺ô鲻ãҡʲôˣ
ͯԺһ࣬˵˵ھôĽǶûиף㻹һֱοڰʫͮڰǰ氡ôȴԼĵھһĲֵ


30 ÿ
Ҫ϶ġ
滻λ˼һ, ʵ̫Ϊѹˣ
ôŬôõһɼĻϲոյ, ı˵軳ȥ, Լڰûá
Ҳһֱ˵ĵڰ˺ܺ, һ䡪ǲͰÿ޵øѽ
Щҳë, ڰο˵ʱ, ʶԼĶŮ
ǲͰϵҲͰˣոջصͯ, ֮ͥ, һӴϤĽ׶Ρ
Ļʲô飿
û֮ǰ, ͯԺͰҲ׼Ϊף, ҹ˴, һ˳ҲѾˡ
ա
æŰοʫͮͯԺоһ㲻, ȴæ˼ðһįػ˷䡣
Ǳ½ɼŷ鲻ã
ίİ, ȴû취˵
ôһ, ͯԺֱزУѵЩԹͰʫͮ
ڰʫͮסͯ, ˫ӵ飬ûʲô
ˣǸµѾͷøҲ, ú, 顣
Ϊ
ȻȻڰǰ˽Ļ, ŰοԼŮ
鷢ͯԺָԼţȴû취ָѹİʫͮ
ȷʵһˡ
һҲˣʫͮڿҾûӰǸʱҲֻðοʫͮ
ŮͯԺǰδе࣬񶼴ʧ
ʶһŻ޴롣
ͯԺˣ̾һڣ֪ĳǿʫͮ󣬵ҪǵãŮΪǺӣԿʮŮκ˺öûϵһΪ˺ӰҲܶԱ˵ĺԽ
ɡ졣
˵ʫͮѽ뵽⡣
˵ûʫͮԽȥɽ죬ȷʵ˰
ͯԺ⿴ҧҧ˵һ䣺ǰʮûиĸֻôһĸףʫͮҲĸף
һĴ¶˶ȴûһַ
뵽˰뵽˽칫ɼ֮ĸˣ뵽ֻŰοʫͮӰ
Ժһǵáૡ
ͯԺⲻٶԣֻţԺͽʫֿͮ
ĵӵġǰ
½ĿĴﵽˣΪͯԺ⣬˵ඥȴҲѾʶԼΪֶŮŮ
ǣڶʫͮԸоͯҷΧˡ
ԭ룬𴲺ùһᵣûѹ˯û
Ȼͯǰǰ¥Цӯӯ
ʫͮ˯ôأ
ǿǰģϵκţҲǵݸǰģ
ǰҲһ£漴ӹɵͷ˯ͦõġ
Ŵлץʱ
¶ȰЦǰԴ漴ָʫͮݹκţ̡
ʫͮӲӹΣ˳ǣ˯áС
ǣǿӣǿջЦʱˡ
۰ڹɳԶ΢˿תͷʫͮĪҪѹˣһ˵ģˡ
ʫͮ΢΢һ٣ͷ̣ҵĴûá
Ҫ˵ʲôǰ˿ţ̧̣ͷ¶Цݣ㣬ѹûõģκˣӦøŬкͳѧ֪ʶһвҲ
⻰ֱ˵ʲôޣĳɼڸŵڰ˺̫Լ
ʫͮͫһ̧ͷ
Ͱʫͮ⻰Ȼһ⣬ͷѽ˵öԣвҲġ
ôأ
ʫͮ˵ʱͯǲѽҪٵˣ
עʱƵϣһ߸ͣһ߶㲻Ҫ㻹أ
ͯǲǰһҲû£վžͿʼԶ
ˣǸףΰȡĺóɼӦýģͯԺɳվЦݲõóһ߹ǰ
ǰ㶡
ͯԺһȰģףȡȫ꼶ǰʮɼ
ǰ۾¶Цݣֽӹлл֡
ҵأҵأͯǲʡ
ûǰѾˣ꼶ǰʮҲнģ
ͯԺóݸһеģճɼͬҲǲͬӴǲģʫͮġϣӣŬѧϰȡøõĳɼ
ͯǲֽ̾ˣʫͮû
ʫͮɻ
ʫͮ򴽣¶ģҾ˰ɡ½ô࣬Ӧý𡭡
ͯԺҡҡͷɵݸҲǲ
ǰһ߳Σһͷ˵Ҿñ˵еﲻܣͲҪǿ½ˡԺҲԶһ¹涨ɼ½ˣǾͲҪ𣡡
Ц۾ü䣬ǻһţ֭
ͯǲһ𾪣ιιιѾͷô´β½ȫ꼶ǰʮɲôÿģ
ǰգۣⲻǲж
½ûн𣬶Ϊǡɺϡſǰʮ˵ȻӲ
־¹涨ôˣͯԺ˵ţ˺
ʫͮ
˶סˡ
ֻҪùùú͹øοעɲĲҪ
ΪǶڼԷ㻨Ǯ࣬͵ýĩʱСȥ
ھȻĲˣ
ʫͮ˶Щ˵ǰǹģ
ǹⲻõ
ô˵ڣ
ͯԺ⡢ͯǲǾȻûһ˾⣡
ҸոҲԼȾܾκԼٿڣ
ʫͮôԣע⵽ûг͡
ǰ˲ǣվ԰ɣʱҪˡ
ʫͮӲЦЦҳϳԡ
ǣ˱һš
ǰͯǲǰ棬ʫͮһ
˵
㻨Ǯô
ȻǻѽզΣѾͷȱǮˣ
ָҵĺ񣬲ȱǮ
Ѿҫ
ʫͮĳԲȥˡ
ͯǰǹģ
ǵģǰǹġ
½˵ʫͮ˷ʱڴ̼ϣֻҪרעԼӮˣԷֻԸ
˯һϣ뵽½ΪԼǰ롪

Ҳż̼һ°ʫͮӷŭҪһسӣǸ
ȻǰԼԣֻ˳ֶΪ飬ҪĻѧϰ
ֻԼǰܽվĸߣøԶ
-
뿪֮ǰҲûʲôͯԺ⿴ĽʫͮԭùһЩƲѾӲЧˡ
ǰУͯԺļ£Խעִ硣
ĩܶʱʫͮסͯҵģڣÿĩͯҶûʫͮԼҲ£
˵ؼҺദһ£ҪԶҲǺõġ
ʫͮòУȴֻ¶Цݣ˭أ
ɲǰֻЦӯӯְġ
ǰ
һʵѧϰ
ʮһȫ꼶ǰʮĺӣƽʱر棬ѧϰ̬ȷǳãеĿʦرϲ
ǰٴᵽֱʦǰĸоˣǰľĮھȻҲʱʱ䡭
֮·ҲһϣԽԽ
Ǹ磬ûзѧԽԽÿˣҺ棬һѹѧϰǰ̧̧°͡
ںˮüͷ
ôûз֣
ȥǰƤȻۿɼرˣ
ѧУУȻ磬Ҳͬûô磬ȻԽԽÿˣ
һǰһ˵Ϲ˵ʲôǸӣ
ǳǸҪ̫ˣǼ;ѧԽԽÿˣ̫ѧϰˣ֮ЩˡΪ̾
͵ûʲô󵨵뷨ֻĵðСѿϲԽԽÿĹ
üͷøץס˹ؼ㣺Ǽ
أᶼô˵˻֪޾ǸѧͬҪҸȥѧ˵仰
ǿޱ顣
ˣǸ磿
ǣʦ˵Ҫǿʦǵļ⣬ˡ
ôأֲ֪
ǣһġ
ˣ
ǰһǱڡĽߡ֮Ǵˮصλϡ
Ա߿ȥǰ֪޾д⡣ϡৡĲУž˲ηУдһʱҧҧͷ˼
ɾټˣ
˵˾䣺ϰѣ
֪ǰڿѧͳһϰ֮⣬Լһϰᣡ
ǰ˼Ƭ̣ſʼʣڻ˾䡪
һҪЩ
ǣ


31 
˵˻𣿣
Ǽֱˡ
˿̵ı͸ոǸ˵Ҫʦͬѧ鼸һģһ, ±Ƽ𾪡
ֻǸͬѧ黹š㾹Ȼˣ
ıšô𣿣
˵ǰճԤϰϰѧϰ, Ҫдһϰ, һԼϰ, пʱ, ˸ѵһϰ᣿
һϰᶼӶѧ˵, ͬΪֱɥĲ
£Դչȥ
һϰ, Ȼر, Ҳ̫ǰ, һ顭ûٶһ顭û
ɻ󣺡㲻𣿡
ǰڻصۡ
Ǽ׷ʣ֮ǰϰˣ
ǰüš
ɴ۾, 𾪵, Ļ𣿡
ǰһͷ԰𣿡
ǣ
󣬼ǰּ⣬鸴ӡ
, Ѿͷ϶ģ
Ͼһ۾ֻѧϰˣôѧϰأ
ɡ
Ѿͷôѧȥ, ȷĲɵ𣿣
-
ʮһѮп, ĩ
ε¿˲٣ܶ࿴οԵѧо̫á
һͿʼԴ, һƬ
ҪĩˣҲԻؼһ顣
ǰǵӳԼʵ, ר, ۲Ƿ, ٻЩ
Ҳ̫ȡ
½˵ЩԺܶò߿ѡۣҲῼݣҲǿ˼롢ʶ֪ʶ
Բѧȴܲѧ
ҵѧǸ޲̴ӽҷɳȥľվڽ̨ϡ
εⲻ򵥣ҲѣԶԶĩѶȣҪǿ̫ôʰǣ
Ҫ÷żپͿˣҪץʱ䣬ʮһһ¾Ҫĩˣÿôؼҹ꣡
ǿǰҵƲƲ죺٣ôҵĻʱ棿
̨ϣһ۱ʷ˹ǣ˵ûúţҿʱû棬Ҫֳ˵һĶţͯǰͬͲѧѧ˼𣿣
ǣ
¿󣬴ľ뿪ˣȻʼеŤֿʼˡ
ֻӲǱ۾۾ġ
ǲ˵ˣֻ߿Աǰʱ򶼻ڿϵıʼǡ
ѧϰ
ǲ÷ѽ
ǰˣǣȵľ꣬ǻȥ̴֮Ӻ˳ȥֱУſڡ
ȻͯǲѾվǶˡ
ǿʱҪһЩѧҲҪһЩ
ιǲ
ѧأأͯǲŽţǰû
ֹסĲӣԱߵȻ˵ͷֿͯǲҪ˵
ɶ£ͯǲܵͷŸһ
һࣺҾöѧˣҿ쿴顢д⡢顢д⣬ֱҪѧˣ
ò˵ҲҪ൱ǰ˲Ż˵ǡ
һͯǲ˵ǵȻҲ֪˵ͲϰؼôˣȻҪСʱ˯ҰҲ˵ںúѧϰҲû취ţ
ԴˣͯҸĸ֪˵ٴˡ
ǰѧϰģĺѧ̫壬ͯҸĸҲǵһΡ
̾һڴȥÿܶȥ֣·ѽģŮӲǶϲ𣿿ͲԸ⣬˵Լû·Ьӣڰ͹ˣԸȥ
üͷһ壬ҲΣ룬飺ҪȥɣһȦٲþʹȥɽС
ͯǲȥ𣿡
ǣðɣ벻ȥ
ԱߣȻ°ͣͻȻ˵Ҫμģƴɣ
ɶ
ͯǲ±
Ȼ¶ЦݣĶţʡٰĸģʹе깬ٰ죬һ֣;¸ʮţмĩ͹ˣǰſ飬˾Ҫȥ깬չʾҲᡣ
ͯǲһѧһѧʲôʲôۡ
ͻμһţͯǲࡣ
ȻЦμӲμӣʲ֪ˣ
̧֣ǰ֣ǰ
ǰԶԶˣǾվͯҳͣĵطҲҪȥǸ
߹ȥкһȻ硣
ͯǲʶӻԱһһĽţ
ǵͷ
ǰɫƽпоΣǵĶԼǵ𣿡
ͯǲա
ѾˣֲԤУϾѾͷѧʵ̫ˣ
üҶǰ΢΢
Ǿá
һͯǲͦĵġ
ڶȻѧһǷǳס𾴵ģ
Ȼ΢Ц˵£ǰи
ǰ¶ɻ󣺡ţʲô飿
⻹ͷһΣǳʲôҪԼ
иģƴֹڣҺ绹׼μӡǶֲɣҪҪǡȻЦᡣ
ͯǲǣʲôʱҪμˣ
Լô֪
ǰҲ΢΢üϱӣⱲӣûμӹıûʲô飬ҲЩų⡣
ü˼ʱС΢΢šһһģ̲סҪԴ
ȻǸո֣̾ͱͯǲסˣ
Դ
ԱߣȻѾȥ
ͯǲˣ
ҪõȻ֣ԷѾ˻ȥЦº͡
쳵ɲǺõѧϰýˣǿдģǴѧáصȽԪܹרѧУжĽƽ֡
ǰ۾һ
룬ͷõģ
ܹýôȷʵܹܶ࣬۽һ顣һнأû׼ܸԪرңʱԸ½
ȻĴѧԺѾ׬ˣ
ҲæμĻҲ˷ʱ䡣
Ǿô˵ˣȻЦ۾
ǰҲЦݲã˵ˣ
ͯǲ
ǣ
͡˵ˣ
ǻΪǳأ
Ȼ̫˵˰ɣ
-
һ֮Ǳ׼һȥͯ
ȻҺͯҲԶǸǾͯҸڣѡͯʵĵطˡ
ĩʫͮҪԼļңͬ·ĸϳ
˸ո£Զͯ˹θ
һȥĶˣ
˵꣬һǰֿǡ
ǰ
ȥҼѽͯǲӦˡ
ҲҪȥͯҪš
Ǹæֹգգ۾ˣͳˡ
ָͯǰ
ǰɣһ仰û˵ͯ϶ܰڻ׼
ҡ³
ͯûе𣿣
ͯǲ˵ͯϣҼҳ
ǵͷüҵĳƾʲôȥ
һãֱǵ̡
ͯըëˣﻤѽһ𣿣Ǹ磬̫ˣ
ǣ
֣Ǿ˵˾乫𣿣
ǰڸʻģְ˸ϣһ±Ƶͯϵڴ⡣
ǰһ


32 
ͯϣŵصɴ۾
Ȼ, Ϻ󣬳Ӿˡ
Ǹͣ£
Ӽӿٶȣʧ
ͯ϶˶, Լҳ, ߣϽǣ
ϡ
Ƭ̵İ
ͯǲ̽˵ǲǲ̫ã᲻ȥ״
ǰͷ, ɻؿʲôˣûоĪĵ𣿶ҳӱ, ߲𣿡
ͯǲԡ
ǳԣ
ֻһֱͯԺͰҪ, ôȥ״
ϸһ, ǰеģ϶ָǵģ
뿪, ͯǲһҲھˡ
ǻɻ󣺡ãôǵˣ
Ȼһ, Ȼջˮ
ǣɶ
ȻһãȻ, ЦЦظͣ㿴óϲɣ
, óãȻͷ⿴ǰ˾䣬Ѿ˵ҲϲԶϲġ
˵ʵ˵ٴ, ͯ϶ʼһͳ, ʱͯ尢̵, Ҳ䡣
ѽ, Ѿܾ, ԾͶΧǰߵýȻͲϲǰˡȻü
Ϊһˣһ۾Ϳˡ
ǰû˵ֻ룬ȻĽġ
ʵϣͯϲϲǻмȻԼʫͮĽ
Ƿ𣿣Ǿˡ
ǰͷһۣԭУԷͯŮǺͰʫͮӴ֮ҲǸ߶ְ֮ˡ
ǰΪԼԸԼͯ϶ŮԣûദõŮҲһֱûз֡
û뵽ھȻͨǰˡ
ͯǲҲˣܰɣѾͷȻҲôƫɣ
ͯã˹ϵԶȻ֪ǲúݣȴ֪ȻѾƫˣ
ǰͷ˵˽ΣȷʵΪǶҵ۲һ¾ܿ
ͯǲľˣΣʣҼǵһͼУſڳһܣǲǾΪǣ
һΣǰʫͮǳʱǰҲûϸʡ
ǰͷǵģոտѧΪҺͬйһΣ֮Ҹϰ֪ǴΡ
ڵ׾ˡ
ѾԼµȻҲһ㶣û뵽ͬҪͯ鷳
Ƕ治֪˵ϲȻô
Ȼж׷ߺܶ࣬һҲϣϲҪǸǽӴŮӴ鷳Ǿˡ
ͯǲϲڵϵ°ͣôµ𣿡
ûлǰ˵ĻϾѾͷûҪѣǶ˽⣬Ҳѡ
Уҵٺúú˵˵üͷ
𣿡
ǣ
ͯǲǸ裿
أǰʡ
ɲǼٻͯʱǺܻװģȻȲϰʫͮʫͮߵý϶ıߵġ
Ȼ룬ǰ˵Ҫĸĸһ϶һЩ̫ĿŵĸţߵýŮֻ㣬϶ֻ鷳Ҹ¼ץоˡ
ĸŮ˵Ļ֪Ǹʲôӣôֺܲݺݹһܣ
ǰͷ
Ҳû̫ͯϷϣȻͯǲ٩ջˮӾЩеͯҡ
-
ǲĶȥǱȻʡ
ͯǲţȥ鷿̨ʼǱԳ
ǰҲɳ£ûڼң̸ǵˮˮ͹ȵͯǲȻһϢһ߱
Ҳʱóֻ˲ģƴĹϸ
ͯʱȻ
Ǹ磬ǽôһѽͯЦݲãԱ¡
Ȼո£Ǳվڶ£ǰҲߡ
ǰ
Ȼ̺ͯݺݵǰһۡ
һ̷ֱˣãҲͱ÷ǳ䵭ͯͬѧ㲻ҪǸˡ
ͯһ٣漴Цûиѽ󲮼ģ
ɿá
ȻǲˣվĸȥҼҰɡ
ͯǲǣĿɿڴ
ǰ˿ƻͯǲԼҲ˿
ԹϣҪгԹϵӡ
ͯǲһ߽Ӳҧƻһ롰Ըιƻʾ𡱡ҿԸιȥ𡱵ķѭС
ͯ˼ˣ¶ѹݺݶţǸ磡㵽Ϊʲôôųѽ֮ǰǶúõǲ˭˵ʲô
һ仰ʱ׺ݵصǰ
ǰϲ̫óѽ
Ϊ̫ˣ֮ǰụ̂㶼ҪҺܷ׼ٸ˵һЩֱԡ
һͯϿʼҧǰͷòУ˵Ҳһ㲻顣
ͯϵԲ۾򴽣ҿԼǱѧϰɼҲģ
Ȼ죺ѾˣĸˣӲȥˡ
Ϊʲôֻأָͯǰ
ķǳǳϲǰǻȻΪǺͯǲϵãǰʶǡ
ȴ֪ΪʲôʶõѾͷϵѾôˣ
μӱҲҪǰ˿òС
Ȼɫ䣬ֻº͵ˣҲ䵭ȽϿ̣ŶҪߡ
ǰ
ͯǲۡ
⻰еˣ
ֱλ˵˼Ҵ
Ȼͯ۾ˣɨһۣתˡ
ͯǲʶ
ͯѾ˳ȥЩɣǡǲеˣ
Ѿͷ˵ˣ
ҡҲãҲһ𳤴ġ
ǰһۣƻոЦģɣ
ͯǲ
Ȼϵԣʼ˵£˾˰ɣΪ˴̼ҲǺ£Ѿˣһ¡βǡ
һ˵£ǰƻֱ·ڽϿΡ
ͯǲҲۡ
ȽżŶҲʱϵģǻûһõļƻʽۣβҪʲôƷȥ
пҪˣȻ˻ȥ˵רŵĵĻ˴ģʹ
ͯǲ·صģ˿ǷΧ
Ȼǰǰʲô뷨𣿡
ǰЩãȻΣʵϵҡҡͷ
Ӷûľ飬ϱӸбҵʹ򹤣Ҳû磬鲻࣬ģؾ͸ˡ
Ȼûǿ󣬰ЦЦû£ҲûʲôҲҪˣǶȥú룬绹棬˽ҾȥѧУʵҡ
ǰͷͬ⣬ǺͯǲȻҲûзԣ˶Ǵ͵ģҲҪǰҪӡ
-
뿪ãͯԺͻˡ
֪ҪμӱͯԺǳˣǣ˵ܹý͸ǷŽ
͸û˵ˣĵЦݡ
ŮúദǶһμӱˣȻ˵ദܺõġ
ϣǰͱ½ƵҲ˵¡
˵磬ҽȻ罻֪ѧĶʵ̫ˣҰ鱳ѧٺãǾõʵеʱЩ޲ߡ
ǰǳɥ
½ЦЦŰǰμӱǷǳֵ֧ģܹѧĶõʵʣֻǷǳõ顣ҲҪԷƱѧˣʵõʱܸӷ㣬֪ʶι̣ôõúأֻǻûо顣
οţǰʱûôɥˡ
Ҳ¶ЦݣһҪúòμҲѧĶֻ⡣ᵽ·ʱЩҶ֪ôõģУʲôأҾһԴհˣȻ硭
棬϶ڿ佱νġȻ硱ǰУķǳѧĶõ⣬õʵʡ
½벻֪ΪʲôŶԷ߶߶֣Щӣǽ
ǰ½ͻȻڡ
ǰ̿ţ
½ЦЦ˵Ҳƻμһ
ʲôǰ۾
ȱܣαٸ㡣
ȸ𣿣磡θڣʵ̫ˣǰֱˣߵžͷ
½ı͸㡣
硪
ǣٴ߶߶
ǰһֱҵ绰ûܴӱ½ڳҪμʲô
磬ȻҲʼӣ
ǰڴϣЩߺߵġ
ǰɲģ
۾Ŵ⣬ٴƮСʱļ䣬ܶණûռԽԽŻ䣬Խ̡
м𣬱½һֱһСг͵ĳȡ
·һСһ㣬ǸͣѾʼеǸͳеġ
˶Ҫ£Ҳ˶ʡ¡
ԭСʱҲƢڸСЩʱ˼СߣʲôҲûУͻΪҪޡ
½ȴδйҲǴꡣ
ûйʲôӣȴ·ʲôõĶ󡢲⡣
ʱ̺岻סͺͱ½һָߡ
ǰ͵شӴ

ͻȻˣ
뵽βҪóʲôˣ
ǰ˯ˣų˷䡣


33 ഺ
ܰ, ǰŲᣬûоκˡ
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ͯǲһģһĴԣ߷ڸոջŮ, ʵЩ˵ġ
棬һЩ̫õļ, Щͯǰڱļ䲢ܣǰû䡣
ˡ
ƿ, , š
ͼȫһ, ûװޣԭΪʱɨǷǳɾġ
ŸָߣһԵĴƷͰͯǲҲйɵһͯꡭ
ǰǳ˳顣
, ʼһͷԼС
-
һ硣
أż
ͯԺҲһżش¥Уôˣôˣ
ûڷ棡ŵòС
ͯԺ˳
, ͯǲ˺, ſþ˳, һżզˣʲôˣ
ǰˣ
ͯ˼ò, ʱǰŴţһãȻ
һ¥ĺܽ
ǰס

УʵʩԭΪһСʱͻȥ֪̫һҹ͹ȥˡ
֪ͯѾˡ
ǰû뵽ôŵرʵ˵һֱ԰ĸ鶼ܸӣ˵ų⡣
Ҳ֪ųĶ
ɱ˯µİ§ʱ鸴Ӽˡ
ԭôż
¥µͯԺ¥ϵͯǲ˻һǰͬʱ˿
ͯԺָ𣺡ôͻȻʧأְ֪軹и綼żԺǧҪˣ߷ҲԸ˵һû
ѵãһͯԺ
ǰͷˣ򴽣۶Ρ
Բ𡭡
ԭļżʮǰǴʧ٣İӰ
ΪҹصģҲû뵽ûпͼ
ͯǲ˼·ϣ۾߹Ҫݺһ£ȴֵı࣬ƲƲ죬̧°ͣѾͷԺʧ٣ôʰ㣡
ǰεҡҡͷԺ󲻻ˡ
Ҳɿ֣Щ֣żϽ·Ҫˣôܵ߷ˣ
ͯǲҲע⵽ǰһƬڣ۾ιѾͷ͵ţȥ˰ɣ㿴۾棬ˣ
ѽô£㲻һ϶߷ɣͯԺüɻ
ǰôˣ⻹һ߷ء
ЩָȴǹĵעţǰĵһƬůôãʼյԼǰҲʼռԭĵļ䣬ʵһֱ֮ġ
ʲô鶼ԼǶͯʼյĮ̬ȣʵųҡ
ڴ˿̣ȻȸԾԼͯңҺ񡭡һЩ
εصͷСҡ˹αУ߷ʵһ¡

ȻݺǴһ顣
ôԲ˯أ
㻹ڳ壬һҪʱ˯ģ
Ҫģʲô鲻ܷڽأ
ѽĲԣԺԲٷˣ
û

ǰͷϴұ֤ԺҲһᰴʱ˯Բͨ
ŷŹ
ϽͰһǰ緹ǰ˺Ǿʹȥ˯Ͻ˯߲ϡ
ǰЩԸ⣬˵ǸȻĶǹͨһ¡
У˯ˣ
ǰ󣺡֡˵ȥ˯
ǵһζżǱͯԺ⣬ԱΧ۵İͯǲʱˡ
ͯǲ룬۾һҪȻȸ˵ɣٸȻǣȥ˯˯ټǣ
ͯԺŵͷ
ǰΣǺðɡ
Ҳֻ취ˡ
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ǰͯǲ¥߷ԼĶ
һ򻯰ģͣҸչʾ֮ǿƣҲøÿƣǰ졣
һҹû˯ԴЩʹһ˵ԼĶʱֻʣ¸ˡ
Ҫ½룬̸Ҳߡ͸Ϊ
ͯǲһãȻؿǰĶһСиܵľƬǳªҲ֪ʲôá
һϾôɶͯǲɻ
ǰ򿪴
⣬ģԶ껺
ǰ۾һȻˣ
ͯǲҲ̽Դ죺ĩô磿
Ҫǽǰˣڻûء
ѵò˯
û뵽ھˣȻ˲֣ǼһǸ˯ģû뵽ȻҲˡ
ֱӸǽͰɡͯǲ˵
ȻѾˣȻͲôˡ
ǰתת˸ͷȥϵֽʣ˺ֽৡд˼ȥ󣬽ֽС档
ͯǲȫԻ
ǰ֣ǸڴԾͷͨӵıܰת
һװֱɻģ
ˡȶ
ǰת˸򣬹˷λɿ֡
ǶȻôɳȥˣ
ҿͯǲɴ۾һزš
߿ŷڿеСľƬתСֽ߹ɹȥ
Ȼ졣
ԶԶģſڴϵŮ
ǰȻ˵¶Цݡ
һ̧ͷȥ
иСųǷ˹㶣Щɻ
ܿǶͷɵǰŵֽǳɵǰʱǶѾܵˣһӾԵϡ
Ȼײϵʱ򣬵ߺͼСطֿͷϵľƬֹͣת
ֽд֣Ůӵּ㡪
簲
ǰ
Ȼ㶣̧ͷ򴰻
ǰЦݲõؿǣ̧ͷӻ֣ЦԽޡ
ۡ
ǾЩ죬ǰķһ
ԱߣȻЦֻ˻ӣ첽Ŵŷȥ
ǻعҲϽЦŸϡ
ܶԺϻʻļ䡣
Ǹʱ١
Ǹʱഺ޺á
-
ȻǵʱǰͯǲҲ
ͯǲǰ׷ʡ
ιôѽ
ôģЩʲôѽ
ǰܹȻϽӹԼĶЦ˵ûѽһΪԵϿ϶ỵ
ô£Ȼᡣ
ҲһãȻģ
ǰ˻ϵĶģҲΪҴӺҳУСʱ̸ҳ졣һһ֮ܰɿͻ
Ϊ
ԣӵңҲңĵأͬҲңءҾңطеԭֻһ棬ǿѧԭƶɷй켣ǰ߶߶Ц˵úܻ졣
ȻЦݲãͷӦе˶Ʋƹ켣ͬʱýԸװС
˾Ŀˡ
ͯǲһãȻͷǣԷǲãȻԷߡ
һضǰգ
ͯǲݺһ£ʵ㿴ɶأû
ǣû
Ȼͷǲ֪2ѡ3-2еġ
ãȻǰô֪
ǰԤϰѽ
ǣ
ͯǲ
ѧԵĻش𣿣


34 
ͯǲ뻳, ǰȻԴﶼ˼޲ֱĳýǲõģҲ
ˮ, ˵, Ȼ֪˷ܣӦϴ˯ְϰ֮ǰġ
ǰ
Ȼɻ󣺡˯
̾˲²⣺ǰû˯ģ
ͯǲͷǴ𣺡ǵ, Ѿͷҹܳ, Ƕ֪, ŷûлȥ˯
ǰϽȥϢ
ѽøϽȥ˯
˶ʼǰոպĵ÷ǳȻ
û취, ǰ̾£߻ط, Թϴ˯
һ˯硣
ǰʱ, ڳæ, ¥Цݲãѽ, ˯ôѽ
˯ˡǰ¶Ц, Ƕ𣿡
ҡҡͷûУǶ߷˵Ǿ߷, ֮ȥѧУʵҡ
Ȼ, ͯҵ
ǰͷ, 룬Ҳ¥ȥ裬ȥǣ
ҪԷˣ˳һԷѽ
á
ǰ¥߷ʱ֮ǰǸªķģͷһԣȻڵϻͼͼֽԱǰǸװ澫¶ˡ
Ȼ绹ửͼǰ졣
ȻЦŵͷ
ǰ߿ͼֽЩ
ϱӵǰҲģǸֻͨ˶ԡ
ⱲӽӴȻȣ㻹ԶԶ
ǰǽˣһʶԼ˲һ飬Ϊֻʶ㣬ܸĽ
ղˣδء
ǰЦݣۡ
Ҫѹ켣ͨ
-
ιûоáͯǲ졣
ǽߴǰƵϣüʲô
Ǵͣͯǲޱؽ仰˵˳
˿̣ǰȻڼۣһһ߽ǰͼֽݸ޸ĸģ˿˵Щʵǡ
ȻϾѾ߶˴С֪Ĵѧԡ
ǰŸһһߺȻۣһ߷ż飬ż¡
ͯǲ൱Ǹ߶ѧǰŵĻ飬ΪʲôЩȴûأ
ϵĶôһ仰ǵôһѼģ
ǰﲻæֲڽ£ãȻؿǱߵˡ
ŷ𣿡ֱ׳һҲû顣
ͯǲ
˿㿴ǰ˵ʲô
ö𣿣
׸类Ŵʵǡߵúܡ
°΢΢һ̧𣺡һ仰˵
ͯǲˣ׷ʣ˵ʲô
ǲ˵Ҳöˣ
ֶ˵ʱи˺ԼһֵһҲǺõġ
ǣ˵
ͯǲ
ȷʵﲻ̫æǶֻۣͯţӣҲһõϡ
һ㲻ðﲻæʲôģʱʱǰˮʱʱõԵڹ÷ǳá
һֱôѧϰϻ˼ͯǲץץԴ顣
һģô̫أ
һ
ͯǲ˸Ƿա
ǰһߺţ̣һ߿һۣôˣû˯ã
ǲ˵ĩҪѹ켣˿ϡͯǲӦˣִһǷ
ǰϻǲҪ̫ˣѧϰҪ
񲻼ϿξͲܼעҲˣҹѧϰһЧʵ顣
ͯǲ΢΢һ٣ƫͷ΢΢զˣѾͷڹңǰӣ
ǰ
Ƚ
ǰôôǷ
ƤЦⲻЦһۣҪпɼˣ׼ýҽ𣿡
ͯǲֱξôŻܿϴôã
ǿȫ꼶ǰʮ
ϴ򵥣пɾͲôˣ
ǰ΢ЦõϴôνñþС
ͯǲ
ˣҲǸˣ
ӵУſڣǰͯǲһۣһЦƿš
Ȼո³ֺ޲Լȥ
ԱߡʫͮҲո³ͯſڵ
ʫͮһͷűԹôôѽҶ˺һˣ
ʫͮԣá
ע⵽Ա³ǰ³ͯǲʱ¶Цݣǲ磬
ǰһ£ǳܵļЦ
ͯǲǺк
ͯŤͷһۣһתߣʫͮϽ׷ȥ
ͯǲһãȻôˣ
˭֪ءǰʼ磬ҲУſȥ
-
ϣôˣʫͮ׷ͯϣȥ
ͯ˦֣۾ǷŭҲŲǣǸѾͷڿǵˣ˶ǲҲ˵һ仰
û취˭ǲأǲһ磬ǲҲԸ⻤ʫͮɫ䣬лɬѱ档
ͯҧ´ˣЩҲŹģ
õôأǶʫͮζ
ͯϸˣսź⡣
ֻҪһ뵽˵ôĻǰԱߣһؿĺ޴й
ϡ㿴ǲ硢Ǹ磬ǶվǱߣһûǸ˭ôù
Ҫ˵ˣͯ
ϣҪǸϲҲڱÿ˺ܶࡣܿԣһңһ̸˵кøСƼ尢ҲϲǸԺһˣƼҺͯңӦöܸ˰ɣ
ʫͮ߿һ򣬡㿴ˡ
ʱǰҲߵ˸һⶰ¥档
ӺСͯ£˰˲٣Ȼ䣬ż򵥵УͨͨβȴɷǳĿ
ȷʵܺÿҲȷʵһˡ
ԣʫͮ˵Ļ·һһ쳹ڶߡ
ͯ۾죬ٿĳ˹ȥ
ǰεģƴ飬ͻȻоǰһӰӻ˹Ǹ
ǰͷϣǰۡ
顪ˤڵء
ǰоһʹУͯϵֳ˹
ǰɫһ䡣
˲۵ͷݺݳͯ˹ȥ
ͯϽһ
ûɿץǰͷ֣˻˺ü¡
ǰݣֽ֣סֺȿס˫۵ͯ㷢ʲô裿
ſңҪѾͷҷ֣ͯ߶š
žǰһƴȥ
ͯסǷҴң֣
ʫͮǰҪǰС
Ŀлţˣ˴ܣ
㣬ǿҪϿεʱ䣬ΪпԵĳɼܶѧ˽ңڴɼ
ո˴ܾѾע⵽ˣʫͮһӿ˹
ǰû֣һ˫۾ʫͮϬδйʫͮ㲻Ҫ˶ɵӣ
ͯϴܣǶͯ˵˵ȥùĶǡ
ڰʫͮм䷢ʲôãǰ붼֪ˡ
ʫͮһ£ż֣ͼǽãʲôûҪΪһǴ
ɲСոոȰܡ֡͡ѧˡ
ʱ˶һ𾪡
꼶ϵȻΪǴܣ
Ǵѽ
꼶Ҳ˹ʲôʲô֣
ǰ֣ͯҪˣʫͮס
ֻͯƿڴſѾͷҴңҪȥˣ
ұ죡꼶ζͯϺһ
ǳҲ˰ʫͮոǾ仰˿ֱ̼ŭգڸʲôˣҽмҳ
ǰؿ˿ǰδе
߿ͯϣһżİʫͮ
ǰڡ
ýмҳˡ
̵ԣҪˣǰ䡪



35 
˵, Ϭᶨ
˵꼶ˣΧ۵ѧҲס
ʶǰ֪ԸʵܺãȻô˵, Ǻ˵ҲǻòӦ, ǳѧϰҲֻ֪ͷѧϰ
ʶǰżԷûʲôİģ
⻹˵һμĮϬ
ʫͮסͯϵֽ˽ոջ˵ͯҲסˡ
͵ˣʲô鶼ʦ, , ǻЩ롣
Ҳ, һʱ֮䶼סˡ
꼶λعüʲôѧܾ춼, мҳмҳǰҲҵ칫
ǰû
꼶Σֿͯ, ˴ҲС, Ҹոߵ·, ͻȻҽйײڵ, ֳҵ۾֣ⶼС, ѵҪŪǴ𣿡
ǰһηǳᶨ
ûгʲô飬ֻһЩˣͯûз, һзĵأ
͸ոǸģ, ܲ˻
ǰϧ
ԶҪСʮͺӵв̶, жصģ˭Ҳ֪ʲô顣
һԲϾҪͬھ͵ĳЩˣľη֮ʵ̫ǳˡ
ԴһȣͿɴ
ͯǰϵһЩ⣬ξȻˣǰ;ԲܹϢˡ
Сķ̶ȣ
ҲΪǰСδʲôµ飬Ժ᲻ᣬǰоΣҪѿ
۸ԼôԴأ
ֲܱ֤ͯϲᷢµ顣
Ǿͱ
첻ôִˣ¾ܱˡ
꼶βԸ⣬üͷҲûʲô¾ѧУģдһܵͷģ
꼶ΣҪѧУĽǶȳ⡣
ֻѧܵ飬ֵ춼ˣǶڶеӰʵЩá
ҲˣѧУĽǶȳڲġ
ǰҧ֡
꼶λҪ˵ʲôͷ󺹵߳Ѿˣ
һ㶡
Χ۵æóһ·ҲǸոᵽһѽ
ϻֻ߳ʶȥǰûʲô飬Ųͣס
ǰһۣƵתߵͯϺͰʫͮǰ
Ǹոڽң˹˵ǰͯΪܣˣ̳
ǰôһСѾͷ᲻ᱻ۸ˣ
ͯϻ᲻˵
Ǽú޲̳嵽ǰϸ
֮ѧ̸۸ոհʫͮ˵Ļ˵Ϊܡ
Դûǰǰǿʱֻ˾߳
˿̣ȥ
ǰѱҲȥЩովں棬۵һ֪
Խ⣬ԽҪƲС
ޱ飬ֻ߿ͯϣôˣ
ͯϣĲϲ㣬ǳϲǷǳ񣬲࿴һۡҶֻΪͯ壬㲻Ҫںȥ˺ˣֻΪǰֻͬΪҺȻǲμһʹˡͯϣԸ񣬾ûŮˣҲϲġ
أѧ¥氲ˣһҲûС
ͯһֱ̱ڵϣ񲻿ŵؿǡ
ûоܾΪ˵ĻѾˣԭСĻ
ǣ˵Ҫ̫ˣʫͮͯϣǡ
Ϊѳָ
ǰ俪ڣʫͮո˵ҺͯΪǴܣһֱվԱߵӦ֪ѧͻȻҪңУͳΪǴܣôߵ֮ǰ㵽׶˵ʲôŻʧأ
ʫͮŭ漴ŭ֮飬ô֪
ǰۿ㲻֪֪ͯ
Ͽ
꼶æ˵ȥϿˣȥʲô
ѧȫߣֿǰˣǶҵ칫
-
ͯԺͰҴҸ
һãȻɻ󣺡ͼôȻǺܣϵҲѽôʹأ
ͯԺʱΪڲ֪һеʱǸӵԼŮġ
ԸȻҪǿòѾͷԸݣ֪û۸
һ̾ͼӿ˽Ų
ͯԺԣǰͯӡٺãҲΪǣϲ
ͯϺûκѪԵϵġ
˸ϵ칫ҵʱ򣬾ոյء
û°ɣǰǰͷңҲЩĿİ֮ۿˡ
ͯԺҲ
ǰҡҡͷû¡
ʱǺͯҲϵˣǷŭ
ͯϣʲôˣ
һŵģãȻ̳֣ͯ˳衭ܡ
ܲ壬
ǵĻԣĪĴ
ϣôˣĶǱϸ顣
ûʲôˣ˿߿ǰϽҲûдˣֺͼǽã׷ʲô飬ǾȻʹˣ
ǰ֪Ϊͯ˵۵ذɡ
ѾصǸʱΣǰ߹ͯȥץסǰͷʹˣǰ˵һ£ֱʧؽһ
Ҳס
˴塣
ڳĵµʱ򡭡Ӧòӣ
ͯϼֱǸӣ
ط꣬칫Ҷ
ǰ򾯲죬ƽ˵ΪǷǳΣյģǶ촩úʶ̧ͷûԴڵϣҲ֪˿һܲվ˵壬ϣǻһ
ͷ˼أ¼Զԡȫͯһ˵Ĵ
ͯϣŹˣ˺ΪǷǳӵģҺûɡ
ܿ춨˽ۣգ١
ͯɫˣץǵ
͵ˣ˵ʱȫһɳ嶯ȫûҪеʲô˵
ȥ־ͯ϶ԣǲܳеĺ
Ҳˣץǡ
ոջòתһƴͯϵϣžһ죬ͯϸӽӲˣš
㿴ɵĺ飡Ǻݺһ䣬ǰͯԺ⡢ЦݣҲԴˣҪȥվȥǼ£˽½ɡ
Ҫô˽½ǣӦúúùܹܼˣֱԽԽ񻰣Ȼִˣ§ǰ
ͯԺɫҲѿ浣Լһˡ
򴽣ֺõЦ磬ɩͻСۼúýԼδãǲֶܻŮһѽ
˻û˵
ֿһֱĬͯ˵˵ѽҪŮȥֶ𣿣
һֱĬͯڿڣһ䡪
ͯϣΪʲôˣ


36 תѧ
ȵŪȥ, ͯ˵棬ݺݴͯһơ
֣һưͯϴˣ궯˶, ϵıҲЩ¡
Ҫ˵Ǽٵģ˵ʱԴһ, ʲôû, ˿̲ĵĺڣôʹͯǰأ
ڴ֮ͥ£
ΪԴһȵΪǶ˵ôĻ˿ĴҲڻϿһ㡣

Ҫ
ͯһƱһʧؿŮ˿ɣ˲٣Ұô, ܸõģ, 㿴ڱʲôӣᣬΪһк˷ͯ, ʵ̫ʧˣ
ͯϴ¶ᡰৡĲš
㷸ʲôҪеʲôͯҲ΢΢һ¡
ɫˣŮҪǾ, ôˣ
תǰߣŰ󣺡, ɩ͵ˣҪҪ, ҪͼϼƽϺòã
ûп, Ǽ˲֪, ˽Э̡
һԣһֱĬԵĶҲڵ»ѧУڲɣǵʦҲѧЭһ£ȻˣѧìҲǶڡ
æͷסͯϣƽʱҲɼҲãʵһʱԴˣԺһܺģ
ԣ˵ͯҪúùܹˣпĳɼѾ꼶ʮ½ǳͯǰͬѧѾ꼶ˣɼרѧϰġ
ʵǰͯϵģ˿˵ǰĳɼǰǰҳһЩһЩա
ȻǰĳɼͯԺͰŵÿ˲٣ͯԺ⻹ǰļҪڻиҪ飬ؿˡ
տʼһ£漴˾ϲ
ԭΪϴ¿ɺϣΪ򵥲Žȫ꼶ǰʮû뵽ξȻ˵
Ȼһˣ
лҪ㣡
üҲոյߵһЩķΧΪһɼ˲٣ǵɫȻЩÿҲʲôû˵
Ȼɼ˵̫ʱˣ
ΨһϢϲֻаʫͮˣûеѧУ֪Լȫ꼶ʮϴλ½ǰҲ֪ǵ
ϻͻȻĶͯǰҲΪжԳɼĲеġ
ôԱúأ
˿̣ʫͮѾ֪ԼҪˣ׼ǰһˣû뵽ԷҲǸˣһ治ھ˵ֱӱ
ǵļʱͣҲøո̥С
һ֮ԣҲʲô󶯾ˡ
ƾȫ˿ա
ľͷͯǰȷʵһ˼ѧϰϣͯͬѧֱָȡ֣ҽͯͬѧͯǰǸдʽ϶Ժ֤ͯǰͬѧ鷳ˣ
Уڽǳõİ취ˣ꼶εͷ߿ͯԺ⣺ͯǰְ֣㿴ôȷʵûҪֵþҲα겻α
ͯ죬ɫЩ԰ףԣǽֻ֣Ƿǳ˵飡
Ҫҡͷ
Ťͷһ£һȰ
ȴӦܱȽֶˣ
硭ҾôһŮ¡һȥһúýͯڣҲְ
ո˵ٺģʵҲŮҲҪסŮģ
ܿ˱仯ǴѧУͯǱ߶ԣǲԸġ
ȰͯԺ⡣
һ¡ͯԺô˵
ǰ򴽣ߵһԡ
´»СС»ˣֻͯϵĳͷУǲԸģ
ͯԺ⵽ͯϵĴ󲮣Ҫ׷Ļ
ǰ΢΢ͷЩʧ
ģͯԺʲôˣ̧֣ǰԴʣԸԭ
ǰʵصͷǡ
̧ͷͯԺ⣺֣ҪȰ𣿡
ȰҲŹͯϣ
ǰЩʧ
ҲȻ𣿱ϾͯҲż£ͯϺѾദʮˡ
ͯԺͷ̾Ů㣬ûӱǲҪˡ
ǰ͵̧ͷͯԺ⡣
ǺͼദʮˣôЩģڸոտƵʱҾ롭иʯͷأû߿ָ˵۾أ
飬ǾԲŹͯϣ
ͯԺᣬôӺͯϴܿʼһֱĮǰ˱仯ļ΢΢ɣۿҲˡ
֡
ͯԺЦЦѹǰְֽҪһÿΡĽ취ӲӲӲӲǶǣܶԷ˵ΣҲ˵Լ
ͣǿӲȥˣ˽ûһôã˻˵ĺݡûУ¼ϵĴǳ⣬ѧӡۣ˵˭
ھѾôŭˣԺӺǰʱֻʲô
ֻǧǧշģ
ǰˣͯԺ⣬Ц֣ġ
ͯԺЦԴºͣԡ
ǰ˹ȥѾѹͯϵĲԸԷͷȻѾ
ǼǹЦֺã硣
ͯԺոϵºͶˣһ࣬˵ϽΪʵ̫ˣɲֲ˺ǲǴ£
ԺĲᣡǴ˴ͯϣʹɫϣýǸ
ͯϵͷеԲ𡭡
ǰû˵ͯԺΣ¾ͽͯԺ
׼ҲСȥȷʵáͯԺ˵
æͷϣ
ӦĽһˣҾڶѾˣͯԺ
磡ͯɫһ䡣
Ҳ㶣˵硭ʲô˼üתѧ
ҲҪͯϷӦǳ󣬵۾ҲҪתѧҲҪתѧ
ôԸ뿪أ
ͯԺ̾˵Ĳʺϴڶˣ·ԺôͰһҲġУҲڶСHеĿȥɣǸĿҪ꣬һȥϴ»̵
ôԣʶ˵
ͯһֱCУǵоӪҲCУͯͯԺϣͯ൱ڸͯԺ򹤣ҪԶCУԶ빫˾ģ
ʶǲͬ⣬ͯҲ񷴶ԡ
ͯ̾һڣָЩ˿̣ɳǡֻмһŮ
ǲúýϣƴŬʲôأ
ǻڶУͯ˭Ҳ֪ʲô顣
߰ɣߡ
ǳĬˡ
ͯôԣͯͬˣҲһ취ҲûУô֣ͯΪ
꼶κ˵ʲôͯԺͯѾˣʦҲûа취棬Ҳֻôˡ
ǰҲò˵ͯԺĴ취õġ
ͯϻǻQһݣ
ҪͯϲĵĵǸҲҪԷʲô֣ԶԶģԺ󶼱ǰĺ飡
ְ֣Ȼְ֡
ǰͯԺ⣬¶ЦݣԷҲº͵ضЦЦ
Э̳취ˣͯ׼뿪һֱĬԹ۵İʫͮɬظųȥ
ǰ򴽣ڵͯϣ
ͣ½ŲȻ֪뿪õĽ취Ƕǰ죬ҲʹԹǰ϶Ҫתˣ㻹ԸŹ𣿡
ǰǰ߿ͯϣ֪ͻȻҪΪʲô
߿۰ʫͮƻͯϣ˵ʲô


37 
⻰ǵ˼̫, һʱ֮ЩãȻ
ǰ֪ͯ˵ʲô
ʫͮ΢΢һôҲû뵽, ǰȻ˺
㿴ʲôãȻʵ漴뵽ʲôŵغˡ
ǰ뿴װģ, ֱͯϡ
ͯû˵, , س˳ǣ˵ʲôʲôû˵
˵⻰ʱ, кԹ޵ؿǰ
ǰˣʱЩȻζ
ͯǻŰʫͮ
˼ʵ̫, ԼѾˡʱѾףʫͮҲԹǰ, ֻǰʫͮ˵Щֻǰʾ, ˵ҲԼö١
绤Űʫͮ, ðʫͮǰԣ
ԹްʫͮԹǰ
ǰ, ˺һûʲô˵ˡ
ʫֽͮ˽, ɿ, һ˫۾ʧؿǰ㡢ովȻң
ǰһѡ
˵, һ˵飬ʫͮﺬᣬ˳ȥ
칫һʱ֮䰲
⡭ãȻʶҪ׷ȥ, Ÿոն, ͣ
ͯԺ˵, ȥʫͮɡ
Űǰ֣첽׷˳ȥ⣬ż
ʫͮ
ǰĬ
֪ʫͮҪôױԭҲͯǰôҡ
׷˳ȥͯҲˣͯԺʦ˳ǰһ٣˰칫ҡ
ǰ棬˼ЩƮԶ
ͯ뿪ˣʫͮû˿ԽΪԼֲԳ֣Լ԰Ķ˰ɣ
ʲôУ
ʱͯԺͣ£תַļϣ᣺ʲô˵𣿡
ǰһ㶣̧ͷͯԺ˫Ȱ۾
һ濴˫۾еĸжԽŨʵǹ¹µǰЩ䣬Ǿͯǰ䣬ʹ˵
һΣһΡ
޲ֱӺͯϡʫͮ˺Ҫȥܰô룬Ҫȥͯ˵̬ȣôϬĶϣӲӲһУ˶ָָ㡣
ı½
㲻ΪʫͮԼñӰԼԼ·ҪҪԼ·ᶨǰߣԸ
ͯԺ
㲻ӦúӲӲ˵һǧ˰٣Ľ취ֻһõĽ취ǶԷܵͷԼҪġ
׻٣Ҳûô;飬ڳɳ·ϣҲл·ʱ
·Ը⽫Ϊסӭķꡣ
ǰмǣҲԸǡ
˵֡ʫͮºͣ˽Ѿüìܣǳһصͯңͯε顭ҾġУſڵʱͯϿֱת뿪ɺͰʫͮ˵˻ͺ۳
˵ʵܣ¿ɵߡ
ʫͮЩ󡭡
Ӫʵ̫ˣ
ǰ˴ͷͯԺ۾
죬оһֻԼͷģͯԺЩɣΪʲôҡ
ǰ̧ͷ⡣
ͯԺ̾˵ǽְִòã
áǰЩɳơ
֪ͯԺһܣŮĲΣͯϵ񣬿İʫͮһģ
Щλʱ߳ƵͯԺܣŮϺʫͮǿųӡ
ʱ򣬰Űʫͮˡ
һ˵ˣոҺģͼû˵ʲô̫ˣʫͮᵽ㣬Ϳʼ裡
ǰû˵
ʫͮǰ۾Ǻģסǰ֣˵Ĳ֪ͼϵìѾôˣǺһ𳤴ģҡҲܡ
һĵ״εŮݵʵ̫ˡ
۵ĺ󱳣˵ҪתѧˣԺͲ鷳ˣֻˣҪúദ
˲۾ͯϣ׿ų󣬲ʧܣһİʪ۾
ͯԺ§˵õġ
ζؿ۰ʫͮƽȴطâѾˣԺ󰲰԰Ķ飬û˸鷳ˡǰɣʫͮ
ĸ֣Եľ档
ʫָͮʹģõʹѣûκβӦóֵı飬ԼѵĴԡ
Լظǵġ
ظ仰ʱ
ȻͯԺøȻô꣬ȴһֻӵѪŮ
ǻԼˣ
ҡ
ⷬҲ˵鷳ҵǰһҪɵľˡ
ôðʫͮޣ
ϳɵͯԺ⣬ȴʲôˣ
ʫͮЦţĵıȿ޻ѿ
ǰʫͮԼͯԺ˼֣룬ʫͮܳһʱ䣬һ鷳Ҳˡ
ܳһʱʫͮĵС
-
ͯϻȥˣתѧ黹û֪
ͯԺͰҲȥˣߺ󣬰ʫͮޱתߣһҲǰ
ǰϣصҵʱΡ
档ǰվںš
ϿˣʦһҲûвˣǰЦе˵ǰСѧԻˣǿ˼ң˵пѣ˼ôһٷֵģͯǰϽ̨ҽһ˼·
ǰһ¶ЦݣϵľϽ̨
ߴ¿ûʲôеֻгݡ档
ǰǣڣǴӡ
¿֮ǰ̾ͱŮŮΧסˣࡪ
ѧѧԣ㵽ôôõģ
ǿ͵ѽ
ѽôѵ⣬ϴεھѾǾˣ㾹Ȼ̫ˣ
ѧѧԣĩϰʱҿԸӡıʼ𣿡
ѧԣ̫ˣ

ǰſڣո׼ʮһ෢ӵľ̽ͷһۣΧһʲôҪͯǰͬѧѧϰҪͯǰͬѧѧϰ飡
ô˵ʱȻҲǷǳõġ
áѧػظ
Уƽа࣬Ҳһѧǳѧϰǰѧϰ飬ôܲأ
ǰǰ࣬Ƿǳǳӵһ飡
ȫ꼶ƽа࣬Ҿǰ
ȥ˵ǷǳӵģʮһǰĳŨģҲΪɷѧϰŨ
ÿѧ˵Ǻ״һ䡪
ǰͯǰˣͯǰӦ֪ɣпȫ꼶Ǹѧԣ
˵⻰ˣ΢΢°ͣĪĽС
֮ǰһֱߴߴᳰǰľ쳣һ˿һεھţ˵Ϊ򵥣˵ײ˹ʺˡ
ѵʱ˵
ʶʲģ֮ǰĳԹһӾʧˡ
ҡΪһ¡
ɢˣľͻȻ˵Բ𡣡
ǰס
Է˴ķӦ˵ǰҺҵĴлʰǸͯϣ
ǰգգ۾
ǰиѣһ࣬ҲϲǣʱͯϺУ԰ƵѧҺϲǣԺһҲٺˣľǳ档
ͯ۸˵ʱǷǳµģͰʫͮϵãԺٲһ۸ˡ
Ϊѱ۸ˣұֳͯϵĲ
ǰ˲飬˵
ǰһֱĬҪߵʱǰʣ֮ǰںԣ
ľ
ϻбȥѹû֪ʲô˾𣿣
ûˣ
ľܿˡ
ǰȴ뵽ո˵Ļ̾
ѧУ۸һ޸֮Сʵǡ̫ˡ
ͯˣߵĶܱӦġ
Ա߿˵ӣЩɻ
ǡȥĶˣ
һȥ˰칫ңȫ̳Ĭţȵ⣬ҲͲˣǰΪ˽ңҲûϿΡ
ˡȥĶˣ
-
һǶûϹΣǰһʼĲ⣬Щǡ
ȻʱЩɣͬôãԼǺܺõġ
ҲˣǰûϿǵǵġ
һпɼ齥ȥú벻öǹȥ飬Ѿʮ£һѮҪĩԣѧעĩ档
ǰȻͯǲһʵ棬ҪȥģΪȽѣʱҲЩ
һֱûг֡
塣
СӵȥĶˣҴȥ￴ͯǲüҲĵǡ
ǰ룬˵Ҳȥ
ɡͯǲһۣ漴ü˵Ǹȷʵûʲôɣ
ǰ
ʲôû˵ֻǶͯǲ˸ۡ
ˣͯǲˡ
Ѿͷ֪ѧϰѧϰȷʵͯѾͷǷ裡ͯǲ졣
֪ͯϴǰʱǺ޲ȥʰһ١
֪ڰתѧҲڼﲻóʱй
á
ǰû˵Ӻܿ͵ͯҡ
³ֱȥԱǶƼҡ
ŵ֣褣һǣȻǵİɣ
ǵģ֣̣ôûȥϿΣͯǲȽȥǰϡ
֣̾üͷЩĬ˵ʱϿΣΪϢһ£ҲûǿͻȻ˵Ҫ
ʲôͯǲ󾪡
֣褵ͷǵģǲҲҪȥǵģװ£춫ûôԣܽ⣡˾ȥȰȰɣڷ䡣
ãͯǲͷȲǰ¥
ǵķǰŵģͯǲãʹǰȥˡ
ڴϣһ
ͯǲ˹ȥؽקιǣѾôˣôͻȻҪ
ûʲôȥˡ۾ǰֺϣٴεȥ
ʲôȥѾ벻һ֪ܲϽ˵㵽ôˣͯǲٴΰק
˴ǲ˵
ϴ˵ķ꣬ڣһЩȻһ״̬ǳãҪȻҲӡ
ǰͻȻڣΪͯϰɡ
ͯǲһ㶣ãȻؿǰ
ȥñӽԼԴ¶һ˵ӡ
ΪͯϵΪΣǲǣǰƽ
ǵıûж
ͯǲãȻˣ±ӣȰѽҲ飬ˣͯϷ裬Ժ㶼Զ㣡ԣҪȥHˣԺǶԶԶģûʲôõĵģ
ԣƿ
ģɥǰδ緢·𲻽һз۵׵ϿǷϡ
ץץͷɳƣǲ죬ȥͯϡ
죬ǳãֱţǰȻΪԼ㱻ͯ˺ͯϻϲš
Уſ׷ͯϣͯǲͯϺ˵ԼҪ˵䣬ߵһԡ
ͯϲǸ磡᲻
㣬ΪʲôΪʲôҪϲңΪʲôҪ˺ˣǰŮοɰȴֻ
ͯס漴ϵЦĮԭԹҵģľһ㲻ϲң
һҲǰһϲûУֻ񣡡˵꣬Ըоǰˡ
Ȼͯ÷񣬡Ǹ磬㻹ǵʱʱ꣬˵ϲ㣬Ҳ˵ϲҵġ
ǳĬˡ
ʱְֻ꣬ã˵û˵ĻȫǲˣͯļУͯϺʶûκ
Ҿ˵Ҳܵ档
һֱǵãųԽԽϲ㣬ôôϲ㣬ΪʲôԶأûϵ㿴ңҾ㿴ˣߵŮӣȫߣῴңΪʲôܿͯǰأ
ͯϵӷ񣬡ʲôãΪʲôǶϲ
ͯϣûȨϲ˭ϲ˭ϲˣϲҵ۸ˣȭͷս
ͯؿڣֿЦԶҲңΪ㣬֪۸˶ˣΪ㣡һͬѧУ汻һЩ۸ˣǣߵģΪ㣡˵İİ೤úãҰڲһϣҲҳǰҲΪ㣡Ǹ㡭
žǵһδŮ
˿̣Ҫ޲ô
ôأ
ӣ
ǻ붯֣ͯѾƿֽͯϴˡ
֮ԽԽʹ࣬ôҲû뵽
֪ʱ򣬾ȻΪЩʹ࣡
ʪˮ˳
ͯǲѾˣҪ˵ֱţǸһ𳤴ͯϣȻôһ棡
⡭⡭ʶ̫˵
ǰҲǵһ˵ԭУԼԼӡͯǰ۸ϲǵŮӣ֪塣
˿֪һУû뵽Ȼô£
ʮСڲһϡ⡢ͯϴͬѧ۸ų⡢ҥ˱ָָ㡭
ЩƲ˺ڳǸʱȴһŮ±ӰԸ䡣
֪һеʵ̫ˣ֪ôԡ


38 
ƺ޹, Щ˱ͯע⵽ȴֶΪ
֪˶ɵˡ
κͱ˽ʮ, һǵ꼹壬оҲ޷ǰԼЩܵ˺Ůӡ
Щǵӡ, ûжټ, Ҳ, ֪Щܹʲô, ԼԼ˶һŮָָ㣬Ҳϡ
Ǹʱ, ֻԼſ, δΪͯϵ۸
⡭Ҳ֪, Ҳġͯǲ, Ӳذοѡ
Ǳץͷھį
ǰ̾, Ա, ļ, ˵
Ǵ, Ǵû緢ͯϵĿ
һ㶣ûж
ǰᶨ˵ûͯϡϲ㣬ϲ۸, ⶼƲ˵顣дͯ, ϲ˺, Ĳϲ㣬˺ˡ
һֱᶨؾܾͯϣҲûкŮйκܡԽϵͯϴϲ۸һЩˣ⡣
Ϊϲǣԡ˺ˣϵͲ
֮ͯƷ⣬ûСϲǡҲбġΪ¡ԡ
ѹһЩֲҪΡεıͯϣתѧˣҲӦñǰ쳣ᶨϬ
أǻɿԼ̧֣ͷ߿ǰ
۾Щ죬ȴִϣɳʵġң
׻Ǹʮꡣ
ǰͷ㣬ҪǾΣһЩֲɡ
ͻȻ֣סǰʣá
ǰһ£ĺ󱳡
ͯǲ
ˣ
ԼõֵܾȻ飬Ϊã
֪ôȰֵܣԼȰõġ
ڣԼõֵܱԼã
ͯǲ̣ʮӺ̲סˣǰǰҲ˳վովƿоˣЩƿˡ
ǴҲΪԼȻգϾôмĴָˣ
û֮һ°΢̧Ǹꡣ
ҪһЩģˣҲӦóеԼ飡͡
ˣͯϵ۸ˣԼǲˡ
ǵã
һģͿһܵĴУɳʼᵣһЩΣһЩֲ顣
ɳĸоܣɳȴÿ˱Ҫٵһ¡
ʲôʱܶɳġ
ǳɳļУ磬һСһ𳤴ĺѣһǳůӵ
һ䡰㡱ΪǱǻ䡣
жͯǲǰûǰһĳˡ
ǲǳɳӱܡ
-
̳˵ǳ֣ʱˣֻǷǳձһƷ¶еĸвΪ˸жŬѧϰǳ죬ĩʱ򣬴ѧҲǿֻġ
һϿʼ̳Ϳʼˡ
һʼиһŮܣǡͯһûϿΡǰѧȵϢ̳֡
ɶţ
ʼǲǺͯǰһˣʮѧ񶨡
ʲôЦ
趺ң
ѧֻѧϰ̸òã
ţϢ˵ͯҪתѧˣεȡ֡
ͿʼһЩԼԼǴͯϵϢˣȻҲ˵ͯǰ̫ãֻ졣
ܲ˵ôһù
ͯǰͥͦġ
ϻпǸɼøкðɣ

ҲǴǰ֮ǰ̳ͯǰɽϢǺŮɼûʲô
ǰһ¿ɼ󣬾ͳ׾
̳ҲϲͯϵԼǳ˵һ㶼ǴǰָǰͯҪתѧ
ϣһӷ˳εӡ˷˴
ǡ
ݺܼ򵥣ǵǸЩͯ۸˵Ǹ󣬽ͯϽ˵Ļ˳
˵
Ҳ֪ôµ飬ȷʵЩϵֲһλʦЩ۸ŮԸ˵ṩ֤ݣҺԸΪҪһݹ
˵Щõ飬ҵĴҲ۸ŮĴͯϡҿ̧ͷˣҲԡ
ǰӵʱںͱ½ƵԵܺá
ôˣ½ʡ
ǰκ飬˵һ飬Ҳ˳
磬Һܸˣ֪µʱĵľЩܹ۸һӰΪЩ۸ò˵С΢˵öԣĲǣǣ̧ͷˡ
ǰЦü䣬ÿܱ½붼ƵȴҲÿܶᱻı仯𾪵

ĵطԽԽɫ
ڵģһЩ뷨һЩ۵㣬ڱԽԽɫ
㳤ˡգ½Ц˵
ǰ̧ͷԡ
⼸£½Ҳ˲С仯ʳ˺ܶ࣬ɫҪÿЩֻǸ˵ĸоȴˡ
ǰЩۡ
ڼֻһˣĩǲؼҵģǼְѧУ顣
ȵ˹ꡭ
Ҳֻһˣָ壿
ǰһԼ۱֣Ҫ˵һ棬ҪЦݵ
ǼõЦݣ磡ԪǾܼˣ
棬½ЦҲü΢䣬ѽԪǾܼˡ
-
ǵӷܴ󣬷ǸӸݡ
ʼӷȥʱֻвͯϵķ񣬻в˾ʵ̫顣
һôϲĹȻҪʦ
͵˵ʦ˾һЩʡ
Ǻܿ죬ȫˡ
Щ˵ľ¼Χ߶̾ΪֹҲһʼĳԹϣ˷ŭ
˵ʵֿߵıȽ϶࣬ʵ֤ݲ࣬ȡ֤ѡ
ҲһЩŻţЩżԭࡣ
ǺܿҵƼң֣Ը񣬺ݺһپͽϳȥӱ۵ò̬ˣûأ
ҵͯңҪͯҰæ˵飬Ѿͯǲ֪һУֿݵͯԺ⡢Ҳֻ˵һ䡰Ǹúúýһ̡Ļ
»Ҫʱ䣬ûʲôͯϵǸʲôˣҲѾ֪ˡ
ʮ¡
ǰǼӰӵ㽫ҪȥƷãǻȡһ˼֡
ͯꡣ
ͯǰգͯꡱƷĸԴ
Ķ˺ܴı仯װһ棬ͷϵıܰ˾ľƬ
ͯǲģΪˣڻŴ
Ʒǳ㣬ύȥֱӹ˳ԣȻʱ仹ǰǳԪ
ǵģԪЩѡǸѧ췽ʱ䣬ҲΪ˲ѧѧϰϾ졣
ǰǳܣ½ȴЦ˵ӦȥϾҪǲڻȥʲôʱǿԵġ
İοõģǰȻЩʧѡ˲
Ʒ죬˺ܶ˼
Ʒ
ĵһͷҲ͸̺ͱ½Ļ䡣
Ԫ
˵ûо飬ҽšǰЩ
ȻЦ˵ʲôýŵģƷ˴ֻһ¶ѣҡʵǲ̨˵ˣ
ͯǲһۣҫ㾭̨𣿡
Ȼʼ磺⻹Ҫҫ
ͯǲ
ǣǰﲻҲ̨𣿽첻˶һɶ
ǰ͡һЦϣǲƴڻУĽȷʵȥˡ
˴Ŷϳǰ깬
Ȼ³ʱͯǰյһ΢ţԱ½ͼƬ
򿪿һۣ󡪡



39 
ôʧ̬, һͯǲǡȻ˶͵ؿ
ǰȴ̧ͷ
Ƭ깬
½ˡ
ͷǰ, ڴǼС
Σ߶һطϲ, ˲һ, ֱֻһˡ
ͯǲҲ˳߿ȥ
Զһֻ˻ӡ
겢ңվǶƮȥʱƲˡ
˼ɫ޷, ţпҲǺɫ, ԽĵƤЩ԰ס
Щݣվúֱ, Դ, ǸֱļƲΪһۡ
ҲЩ룬ǿ̫, ˫΢΢Щŷ˫ۣȴһ۾ע⵽ˡ
һǳɫꡣ
˿ЦȻЦݺǳ
ǰʲôû˵첽ȥҲ첽˹
, ǳŶԷ첽ȥ, Ϊκ˺ͣ, ֻüԷҲֻжԷ
ĪЩˣֹһ䣺˭ѽզû
ؼǡôӦ
Ȼһ۾ԽԵ˹񣬴˿̣۾ڸǳһзâӦþǰǸɡ
⻰ͯǲģϾǰ硱ģֻ׸ˡ
ͯǲǲᣡ
Ǽ½ģ˿ǰķӦֱǰš
˵ĶԻ˾䣺˭
˱½룬˭ǰӦ
ǰΪ촩żվϷ
ȻѾȥǶסˡ
ǰǳǳˡ
ڣڼˡ
ǰ֪ԼԱòУѾߵ˱½ǰǾϲǴǴ𡪡
ôˣҲû٣һҲ̫ԶˣһƱҲˡ
Ȼܾϲȴ˶Щܡ
½쵽Ȼ˻𳵣ʮСʱӲίʵЩĥˣпܶܺúϢһҪϻȥ
һ뵽½ڻʮСʱ򣬾ܵòС
ŨŨǴ𣬷ָӦ
½̧֣ǴЦԴ㿴Ҹ߲ˣ
ǰһӾйѹҲѹסˡ
Ǿͺá½Ҳ¶Ц
ȿȣѽҪȥ׼ˡҪǰPPTȥǴչѵ
߿ű½룬һ۵ַһ۵
Ȼ
½ֻǵһۣƿߡ
ǣ
½볯ͯǲ˵ͷ߼ǰϣ᣺ȥμӱɣȥһƱȥ
ǰ뵽ʲô̿ȻȻ磬Ʊ𣿡
Ȼ˵ûУջ˵һš
˵ţݸ½һƱһģƴĹڲ࣬ЩѡֶõõƱԸǡ
ͯԺͰƱȻõģǵĶŮҪμӱΪĸôܲأ
лл½ӹͳԡ
ȻЦЦ
˿ʱԣֺܿƿ
˵Ǻͱ½ĽҪһµĶԻôȻͱ½òС
һͿȻҲûӮ
Ǵ˿ĵ׶ֻһ뷨½ˣ治ƶͥˡ
ȥɣúñҹ칦½ļ
ûвƷҲ֪ǵһʲôƷƶõһܺõĳɼ
ǰɵͷͯǲǽȥ
ûסֻͷ磬ҪǶ˾ȳԵ㶫ɣʱܾõģ
½Цŵͷӻ֣֪ˣȥɡ
ǰЩġ
Ͻȥɣôˣᶪɣ̲ס˵˾䣬Ϳǰ۰ͰͿű½ӣ
ǰһۣ׸ǽȥˡ
-
½̨£ǰһίЩʵоԱרҵʿ
꼶λ˵Ƿǳרˡ
̨ϣֻһĻˣҪϳһڴPPT
λڵţȽϿߵλá
ǰҲţֻǰţǳǩ˳ܿʱҪ̨µš
½߷ǰϣֻܿһΪǰʱʱһҲ
Щţʶģ½ȥ
ߵ˵ʲôұߵͯǲҲ˵ûӣǰͲԵôˣֱҲ΢΢Щ
Ҳڹ
ԣҪ
½üͷţûз֡
ʵϣҲ֪ԼôCУڿǰΪҪܻؼʧʱ롪ǰͰ׻ǲһġ
Щ񣬵ȵعѾƱˡ
½뿴ǰ񣬶ԷȴͻȻͷײϡ
ǰҲһ£漴¶Цݣ´˶硣
½ѧú׼͡
ǰͷЦת˻ȥ½ǵЦݹţû¡
-
ǰһβμıϱӵʱעֻ鱾ϣȻɼǺܺãɻҪķְ׬ȡѣޡ
ǸЩһҪ뵽ѧǷǳѵġ
ҲˣǰһμʡٰģƴĿǰϳЩѧǣʵǶ̫ˣ
ûжԳԱйĽܣֻһҳPPTܿͻˣÿֺŵĽҲʵ˾η
ٿǵƷоɵģҲѶȳġ
һƷǰӡͷǳ̣ǵ˶ģͣ򵥵ģͣסӴ֪ʶ
һҲǳ㣬չʾʱǰˡ
Ǻ͵˶ģͲһ򵥵֪ʶӵģͣȴ𺳵Чȡ˸е֡ʡ
齲֮һţµ֪ʶشίʦһЩ⣬Ҳ÷ǳ
ǰЩ
ǰŵίʦҲƵƵͷһ
ԱߣȻƫͷ˵һиѧ꼶嵽ʮ֮ǻǳμ⣬һʵңѱ͹ƴϵ
ǰһ
ԭһ
½½̨رѧԱߵȻͻܡ
Щʡ״Ԫѡ˵ǻʶٶ֪ġ
ӪӪĻὫǴյһ𣬻ʶ๵ͨ
һź۾Ǹ˿ǳͨܵҲίλʦֻش𡭡
ǰɻؿȻ
Ȼѵø˵ӿпƴģǳͻרѧѾƪǳߵѧģӦǱġ
룬ͻȻЦŵ٩ԺлᣬԺùϵԺϴѧƷѧѧúõѧƵͣʱдĿקϾ׬ˡ
ǰ
ûסҲЦ˳
̨ϣǸźڿ۾Ծн꣬ԭȻ׵
ֻǲ֪λӿͬѧ֪˽ͣʲô飿
ԽԽһʱһ̨
Ȼ˵һ齲λͬѧнСѩһи߶׶꼶һڶ½㾺һ
ǰ̲סʣȡ
ȻҡҡͷСѩĻ˹ģʤҺ½󡣡
һеľͶȣҪ׺ݣȻǶи߶׶꼶һˡ
ҲǣۺѧӢЩб׼𰸵ģĺܶĿûб׼𰸵ģ׶Σֻܿûб׼𰸵ⲿɱˡ
ɼǵ㡣
-
ܿ죬Ҫǰ̨ˡ
˸ϽվԼĶ̨ȥ
ǰվʱ۱½룬ԷҲߣʲôҲû˵ֻЦЦ
еĹ֧֣һ̣ǰη塣
ں̨ȴţûеȵþ͵ǡ
ͯǲذװģͣȻ飬ıһⶼС
ǰPPTһ
ò˵վ̨ϵĸоǺܽŵģЩƮƮģ˸оûվʵǡ顱ǳʧأ̨µѹס
ȵȻͷʱǰȺҵ½롣
ЩԶ̨ϵĹǻۣԷ֪˿̶ԷıһǴŹĽ
һŵмλãͯԺͰҲǳ
ǰٴһ󣬻³
룬ͯԺͰǲ½Ǵǧ֮
һεƷǴͯǰͯеУ̨£ҪĶ棬϶û˯ã˿ҲŶӵ
˿̣Խ͡
һΣҲոһ·𺽵㡣
ʲô˸˵أ
ǰ¶Цݣһ˲أ쳣
ȥֻʣ´ݲȡ
ǴȻԵ΢Ц۵й⡪
λίʦãλαãһģΪͯꡣҺҵԱȻͯǲǵƷõǵ˶ų͵糡
̨£½΢΢һ
漴һֱóĶĻϵĽܡ
˺þãƵǰϡ
ͯꡭ
ţ
̨ϣȻǸľƬĺҷװúõĿռͷϵľƬתţڴų͵Ӱ£Ĺ켣ǰ趨õж
ıʹųķٶȺͽǶȡǰ̸˿̣ϻıPPT棬߼עŵֻǵƷҲͲ̨֪µίǲסŵͷ
һͺܴίʦѹʡ
˭
ԱߣһЩλίܣλǶȻڽ˵λǶиһͯǰҲǸһ꼶ȫ꼶ۺϾ˵ǳλӦǵѡ
λʹЩίͷǺӡ
λίģҲԣⳡĵһС
ܿ죬ʾ
ǰһ߿̨£Ǵ΢Ц
ΪһȻͨϱӸڷܵŬ˽ʢٵֵҰģֽӴȻ·ܵѧ͡
ڽ죬ѧԣСѩȫţӿǰ
ǰ֪ôˣȴûԼǵĹϵ
һ̣Ұġ
ԺһƴǲҲԺڿѧ̨̨ͬ
Ը⣬̤ʵǰӴţ츳ѧԣǾ׿ͬǺ買ǡ
ԼҲΪвõһš
ǳ磬ԡ
ĸоĿ΢΢̡
룬ӵµһֲԼͯǰźС׷µ롣
ʸߵɽǸߵĶ
һ̣ĵ׾ȻһɴδйһֶҲ˵ǡ
롣
-
չʾί˺ܶ⣬ǰǳˣίԽ࣬Խ˵ǵƷ㡣
ʵ⣬Щǰ׼ģЩû׼ģģйأֻҪģأǰͶ֪
ΪĹοǲ١
󲿷ֱӻشֱӻش˵ģҲ룬ܸ𰸡
ȻҲ˲⣬ͯǲʵľ١
Ҳ⣬Ͼ̫Ӷ飬ӲμʼֻһĿġ
ǰμӵҪӡ
չʾ֮󣬱ȥ̨µȴ
ΪǷǳԵȵȥûкܶ࣬Ҳûеȶãеȫչʾ
̨ʱģȫ˺̨λίʱȥ̨Ҫ۳Ȼٻص̨Ϲ
ǰЩš
ԱߣȻǳ
ͯǲǲŵģͯǲ֣Ҫãȴʵ̫ˣ
ǣӦܹýɣ
ͯǲҲһûôƷ𣿡
Ȼǰû˵
߿ȻһۣѾ𣿡
Ȼʼ磬߿ǰ𣿡
һ㡣ǰʵͷѾˣģҾóǵʵˣǽͲܿƵˡ
ȻӳʵǾûʲô˵ˣƽȴɡ
Ȼͷǵġ
۾תתҲΪ֪ǵƷ϶ýġȽеģһȽҲǿƴһƴҲš
ǣ
СʱίǶˣҲ֤顣
ȻѾζˡ
Ҳǣר˵ģʹһ㶼ѡ
һλίóͲ˵˼仰λרұҪʼ佱
ǰգҲգؿ̨ϡ


40 
ʵ˵, ٲŵˣ˰佱һ̣Ҳ̲סЩ١
еĲѡֶû˵, ȻǶڵȴʱûֳܹ˵
ۿϯ˵ǵ
ֽץͯԺ, ŵ˵ǵܲýһҪýѽ
ͯԺ, Ҳŵض̨ϡ
һʱ䣬ЩΪŬǶǿģȻҲϣǸŬܹһõĽ
̨¹ۿ˶ΪԼҲںεʲô
ڰ䷢ȽƷСѩϲͬѧƷʦЦ˵
Сѩ̨ȥ콱
һǽСѩ, ǰһҲ, ϾǵƷȷʵҲǳ㣬ȻҪö, Ƚʵ顣
ڰ䷢Ƚ, öȽ¡ȽһҲ
ģʹֻųһڶƷΪܶƷǷֲߵ͵ġ
ίʦԻ񽱵Ʒȡ, ֳһȡ
ȽûǰʱЩǡ
ǵƷҲܹõһ
ʦϿƷ
ͷһֱԺתתȥȵȽ֤飬ֺӰ̨֮ϾҪʼ䷢һȽˡ
һȽĻ߹飡ʦ⻰˵ʱ, ǰеĹ΢΢һ
顭
Ʒһ㲻ǲ, ӿƷͬ, ȴֻһȽ
ǰͷЩܡ
ԱߣȻֱŰζ
Ҳע⵽ǰͷˣһ΢΢ͷѹãûأҪѹ
ǰҡҡͷ̧ͷ
ܵûýǶˣεƷܹ˿Ͳ˷ʱ䣬ҾûýǰҲһ㲻ǰ
ΪҵδķͶ־
ǰǸո¶Цݣ̨ϵʦ
һȽͯǰȻͯǲһ飬Լӿʦ֡
ǰһ㶡
õһȽ
ǾȻĵýˣ
ոǵ֣ʦ˵
֮⣬ϲסһٻصȽͬѧ̨콱ʦЦ⡣
ǰЩãȻվԭء
Ǽǰ̻عһǴŵЦݲȵϽ̨
̨¡
Ժ⣡ǲðһȽС
ͯԺҲֿˣЦ÷ǳš
⹻ˣתգ
ԶԶԣҪϽգæóֻ
ֵ̫üˣ
ҪƬҪ΢Ȧ
ͯԺοزסͷãáԼ㣬ǲҲ㡭
ǼǲǰһǳСӣܿʵѾǺܾϲˣôҲû뵽Ȼһ̣
͸˵ˣ㵽̲סֱͦ塣
̨ϡ
ǰΪӳӹ֤飬ǰ佱ʦ֡
һվͯǲǣһȻ֤鿴̨¡
һ̵ĸܺ͸ո潲ʱĸȫһˣͷ׼ʱ̲סЦݡ
ꡪһ죬ǵģˡ
ǰ̨£˶ǣĽгݡ
ƷϿɣʵϿɡ
ȻһȽ֮ϻصȽǰһҲûоʲôʧġ
ڵҫδսΪ췱Уҫ۶Ŀǿš
һȽڵѾ߼ν
ǵûа׷ѣǡʼ
̨¡
½һֱǰüûʱĽţҲüվ̨ϣ۵й⣬߼ᶨ˹âɡ
룬֪ͰһˣֻΪһľ˲̫һԸ񡣿һ̨̣ҫ۵ǰ̲סǵ˿
ǰ
ȰͶˣи飬Ҳ롣
ҲȰܿס꣬ҫۣӡƲߡ
Ϊ
ȷʵ
ܰ
-
佱һεģƴͳ׽ˡ
̨µĹ½½볡̨ϵҲҪ̨׼뿪
û
ǰιôߣ
ǣһЩãȻ
ãȻʲôǰ졣
̨ߣţȻȻҲ
ľýˣһȽҲһݣ׷ʡ
ǰͷȻ
û˵ˣĳһ䡪
ѽ
һȽ
һȽ
һβƷУǸصȽǵƷˣ
αûнƼҸĸΪʵûԴרҵ֪ʶλͯǲǸǰȻӵġ
ҲʼվΪǰҪΪӲŲμӡ
֮ǰҲûʲô˵ҪһȽȴûģõһȽʱ±ˡ
ɸով콱ʱͻȻһʵСһȽһȽҲһݡ
ǡ
ôýأ
ԣǰȻȻýõȻôýأ
ָڸոյʱѵʶڴ˿̣ãȻġ
Ǵδù⻹ǵһýΪǰȻ˱˲õģҲýѽ
ָоһţǰȡԼǰǲ̫ˣ
ڻ㱣ͯǲҲǰ
ʱͯҸĸˡ
ǲǽ̫ˣǰҾȻ֪ǰ̨ôȵסڽ˵ʱ򣬶ݵѡ
ͯԺҲסͷЦݲããܺãǶǺģһȥԵ㶫ҲףõһȽ
Ȼǵͷ
ǰ룬˼ͷǸҪȥԷ賿ҪȥףĻһȥɣ
˵硱ʱڳ˶һ¡
ǰʶ;ͯǲһϸͷֲ˵ͯǲ
Ǿǡ½ˣ
ͯԺعЦʣ½𣿡
ǰЦŵͷ
ԸһȥԷ𣿡ͯԺʡ
ǰ߿Զվŵı½룬Էûйվڽ䣬ȴЩı顣
ȴĪģܵĹ¼š
ǰҡҡͷҺ͸Ҫ˵˵賿Ҫˡ
ͯԺҲǿ󣬶ǺðɣϻؼһҪעⰲȫ򲻵ʹ绰ȥ㡣
ǰصͷ
ҲƮˣ򴽣̲ס˵ʲôҪԷ˵
ͯǲԣ̵ͷ
Ҫˣ
ǰҲûнһ磬Ա½ȴǧã
Ȼǵ۾˵Ǿ´һףɣʱҲЩˣʺôһȥԷ¸ĩȥͯңٺúף
Ƕģʱȥ칦磬ҲȷʵֻܳԵ򵥵ġ
ǰмؿһۡ
ϵ֤齻ȻͯԺͰ裬ȥɣ·עⰲȫҺ͸ҹͻȥ
˵ţ¶һֺõЦݡ
ͯԺΣϽȥɡ
˵ʲôͯԺعǰѾ첽ű½ȥˡ
ͯǲһ
̲ס˵ոʲôõõһȽ͸úͼһףѽ½ȻˣһҲ˵ʲôҪͰȥԡ


41 
, ǳƽ
Ů˻ǾͯҵŮҲһֱͯձ, ͱи, ǲӦôⱡ½롣
Ůһֱûнͯǲ硱ҲһĲ, ̲ס, ЩǨŭ½롣
½벻֧Ʊʱ򣬾Ӧ취, ҲܾǷŶԷʲô
һűҵĶ飬Բͱ½ദ
, ½Ҫֻ밲ʱһԷסͯңҲûʲôġ
ɶԷôǱܿ, أ
̲סЩõĴ, ͯǲ᲻йϵ
Ҫ˵ĻͯԺһ۰
ˣֻвƽ
, ǰѾܵ˱½ǰ
Ц, ۵׵Ĺâ·˲ܽ½ܱߵĻ谵ɢ
磡
½վֱ, Ҳ¶Ц, Ĺ¼һ˲ʧ, ֻԵЦ
ǰ, ϲ㡣½˵
ǰ, ͷɺϣҲû뵽ƷȻõһȽ
½̧ͷԴôô͹ˣ˵ʲô𣿡
ǰҡͷûУ˵Ҫ㵥ף
½ĬƬ̣˵ǹȥһкɡ
֪ǰ뿪Ǻͯһȥĸĸ϶ǻвģҲкܶ໰Ҫ˵賿Ҫˣټ֪Ҫá
ңϴĸ׵ΪҲҪһЩˡ
Ҫ֪˹ģ޴ȥġ
ȻֻǾ棬ֵѿǰͯҺ֮Ϊѡ
ҲˣҪȥкߡ
ǰһ㶣ûоܾ
һ˹ȥͯԺͰЩ졣
֮ǰڱҽǰʱǼ½ģʱֻиոҵŮûϸ½롣
ϸʱȲ
Ǹ˼һͲϲꡣ
ͯ壬װ̡½к
ǰոĵĲϲ˿̼òкҲ̲סף׵¶΢Ц
½ѽôҲȥ棬ѵһˣסòãͯԺǹġ
½Ǹҡҡͷ賿Ļ𳵣ͲŰݷˡѵüǰһ棬Ե¿ҪһȥԵ㶫Ҿͽͻȥ
һ깬ߣһ˵Ż
Ȼ˵ĶͯԺͱ½룬˶š
ûʲôϵȻͯǲҲ˶䣬ǵĶԻò˵Խڱ½ˣԽЩ⡣
䣬شʱȴһû˾Į
ͯԺʾ׻ӦԷҪӸĺôֶܾˡ
һ꣬Ѿ˺ͯԺݡȲ
СͯǲͲˣȻҲǱȲϵģСһģ͸˵ˡ
ߵ깬棬ͣ½š
Ҫֿˡ
ͯԺһ·Ҫĺô½ܾЩε
½룬ʵûҪܾҵĺ⣬Ϊǰ磬ǰֻʶ㣬ҲǺϲġǸ껯˲ţֻǲϣ㱻ûˡ
˵⻰ͯԺġ
Ϊ硱ʶעһЩϸС
䣬½ԽԲ԰ס
ȴ¶һ΢Ц侲֪ҲҪⲻǽߣҵĴԼӦԵģıû˵һ㡣Ӧ˵ʱҲܾ˰ġ
ͯԺ⣬ǵǳЦɣΪǰ磬ҲҪֻϣǰúõģǰܿ࣬ҲûٹذǽϣҪѹǰҪġ
˶٣߿װ̣ǰĸףӦøů͹ػˣߵ磬ҲǸкӣһֱĸ׵䰮ͯңůģزͯңʵֻ⼸ʲࡣ
⻰ǳòףȴԽԽǾ档
ͻȻĪ飬󡭡
֮ǰΪʫͮ飬һЩΪ˵ġ
Σ죺һģ⻰ǳŵˡ
ǰ΢΢۾
ͯǲҲ˴Ĭˡ
½̧֣ǰԴʱѾˣҾʹȥԵ㶫ˡ
ȥȥɡͯԺڰ֣ؿ
½ɫ䣬š
ǰͷǴк󣬸ű½Ų뿪ˡ
ȵԶૣǻǾɣ
Ĳˡ
һôСкӾ棬ʵЩơ
Ǿ档ͯԺͷеǵĲˣĿҪõõչˡľҲⰲǶԲ𰲰ʮ꣬ע⡣ðʧѹڱңҲǼ긻ԣѡ
ü
ͯԺ̾ڰУ˵˭ҪҪûչ˺ðǺֻоǵܸԣʱ͸Ҵߡ
Ȼ֪ľ棬ͯԺĵȴԽԽˣ˵Ȼƣȴע˷ִ硣
ǽԼϣֻҪ԰þˡ
ҧҧҲл߰ģ
ڰϻѸľԲðĸƫ½룡
֮ǰΪʫͮ԰飬ٷˡ
һ۰ıҸ磬ĸѵȲͯ
ײײͯǲ˵ɱúá
ڱ½ȫİͯǲ硭ίʵԵЩһˡ
ͯǲ˴Σ˵ҲԵøģ
ԱߣȻ۾Ҫǰ磬ҲôõģҲ涨綼һӡ
ԣͯǲ˼
-
ǰͱ½ܿҵһСݣ˵ˣ׷
硭ǰ򴽣㲻ҪܹңҲԼһЩɡ
½һ߸ˮһЦ˵ҲԼģҡǸģô£
ٺ٣ǰЦҲ㿴ģϧģͱ깬չȻҾ͸ˡģһ˴ģҲãңԺҲҪҲϧ˽ģֻ깬
˽ϧ½̧ӣĶͷ
ǰãԴԲ۾
½ûסЦ˳
ڵǰ̿
û뵽ԭҲýȻȻһֱ˵ǵƷ㣬˵ҵĴܺãû뵽ȻܹõһȽ
ǰ̾ǻôƷأЩƷҶúǸӡ
½ҡҡͷЩΣǰȻҪǫ飬ȴҲܿԼƷҲǳģȲ飬Ҳûӿ龫ɣ֪ΪʲôܹͯΪӿһһȽ𣿡
ǰҡͷ
⡣˶½вˣͯĴʵĺʴ⻹Ҫã糡ųеſع죬ǷǳõĴ⣬δڿѧʵҲǿҪˮƽõģͣʱȲͯ꣬ҡ
½һӣմˮϸţԱȡͯꡱ͡ʡ
ıȻ÷ǳ棬ƾԴȫΪ˴˿̸ǰ
ǰú棬һϽ
ȵ½˵꣬¶ݣ硭
½ܹЩҪ׵ļҪӴ֪ʶϵһֱ֪½㣬ȴÿεദУԶԶԼ
ԣÿǰһ£ΣĴǳܹ͡λȻͬѧǳɫ
ǰŶͷ˼ЦЦ
̲סЩΪѹĽֱ°΢΢
½뿴úЦ
ǰ֪½Ѿװĵ˿ܺãոõһĲʵԼţ˲䱻½ķɢ
һȽֵõġ
ͷ˱ţδμӹıϱҲûкôѧ̨ͬ
һȻӮ˴󲿷ˣʵûôǿҵš
ʼֻһȽʱʶ;һòˡ
ڣ½Ϊҵš
ѾҰģҲҵţƾ̶ȵŬҪߵ·δߵĲЩǡ
Ҫģһһӡڷߡ
뵽ʲô£ǰæԼĽʵˣ֪˵ҲҪμӱҪμʲôѽ
ʱ½˵ٸģ˿˳
½ԣ̧ͷ
¶΢Цᡪ
ƥ˾
ǰͫһԲ۾дŲš
½û˵𾪵ʱ䣬ô𾪵£пոǰвˣԼҲڳš
Ķˡ
ǰһͰͣ硢硭ҪμӰƥ˴
½ͷǵģҡ
̧ͷؿҾҲԲμӡ
ǰոջĴٴιһˣһ±ƣȵع񣬱ǻæ֣ҲС
ǿ缶
½¿ӣһؿǰֻμӺͲμӣûкͲСڽ֮ǰǹͨʱҾͷڸʵѾǳ˽ˣ֮ǰЩĵģɿıҾͳ׷ġ
ǰŴﻹǲš
ǺܺãϱӸÿοԻ֣ҲϱӸ߿ûпźΪĺܺá
ǿԣ
ǰƥ˾
ϵĿܺͰƥһ
½ԣһ˫۾ǿǰ㣬츳ĺܺãҡǰ˳ģδزԸ⡣
ǰĬ
û˵Ĭ
½ĹŵҲʼ˼һЩ⡣
˵Ʋμ
ġ
ϲҲԸһһ
Ҳţδڿ֮⣬ڸ֮⣬ʲô׷ͳɾͣŬǱŸ߿ġ
ֻѧϰͿԣû
Ǹ߿أ
ĴѧδҪһо
ͷһתҪ³

־׽ں䣬Ұ
ǰһֱĬ½벢˵ʱ˼Ҳú
ⲻһľźܳһʱ࣬ҲΪǰûнӴڱˣһ͵㡣
ûкģҲ˷ʱˡ
-
һֱ˳극ǰҲûиʲô𰸡
½ҲʣҪμӱǷǳģһ졣
ͯʱǰ˳ѣ½ûк
վСſڣû˶
ȥɣҲҪˣע壬ûʲôҪ½Ⱦֲᡣ
ǰۿˣҲĵĲᣬμ棬ȻֻмСʱദ
ҡ
⻹Ǳ½ʮСʱĻӲġ
ĺۡ
硭ҲעⰲȫúϢȥѧУϿΣԺԺộͲҪˣ̫˷ʱˡ򣬷һģǰͷ棬װͰ͵ģԺ
۱½ô
̧֣ǰԴЦЦ֪ڿˣҿɲ
ǰһʾ֪ͺá
½Ц˳ҲһЩȥ
硭ҪμӾǶʲôӰ𣿡ǰ̲סʡ
½ҡͷȫ̶ǹܳԹܺȣúһ㣬ӪӪͳѶǹ˵ģôʲôӰ죿
Ǿͺáǰ˿
½ļ򣬽Сƣȥɣʲô΢˵ȥƵ
áǰͷ
ٲҲҪֱ𣬳ˣǶиԵ飬ҲиҪǰ̣ǵһΣҲһΡ
ǰߵúܿ죬Լһ̲ͣסܻȥס½벻ߡ
½뿴ıӰҲƵսȭ
ͯҡ
ùãǶ˯𣿡ʫͮ˱ˮᡣ
ڿѾˣ
ͯ˿Ǵδôûط
ǰӣͯԺڶҪϰ࣬Ҫ˯ݾһʮ㣬ͶԻطˡ
ЦŽӹҡҡͷſӡ
ͯԺͯǲһͷȻҲ˼
ʫ̧ͮͷ۵ӣĵա
ɶͯƽʱģðͯԺϻűֽͯǲ͸˵ˣߴ͵ؿĻ񡭡
˭֪ڵǰ
ʫͮһڣԼҪ¶ʲôõָģǡ
Ѿ֮ǰˣǰļν涼ǳʧܣһʤҲûУ
ϴͯϵҲܺڣûлٵǰϺõĵˣڽҪ֣Ҳͯôòٿصģ
ԼɣСԽԽˡ
仯Ƿǳõģˡ˵Լˡ
Ȼûа취ֱֹ仯ͯԺĽ䱸֮ķǳԡ
ǰȥ½ˣֻͯԼȴһҲǰ˿ڴڣţʲô¡
ǰʱҪ˵ǰͱ½ôܲõİҲʲôû˵ֻʱʱʱ䣬ȴǰ
ָо
԰ʫͮ˵ķǳǳá


42 ׼
ҪҪȥһ°ʫͮЦӯӯ
, ҡҡͷˣ½ĳƱʱ俨ţ˵õĻӦþͿҪˡ
ʫͮͷ, Ա¡
ϣùܹѡȥӡǰ, Ļ, ǰһǳ, ڹùҲԶˣʼעŷִ硣
ֻһ, Էûͬˡ
ʫֿͮڳͯǲЦݲ䣺ǲ磬Ҳ̫, ˵μһ̲μӣû뵽ȻõһȽ
佱ԼĻͯǲ̧̧ͷ, ҾǴӵ, ǰĶ࣬ĹͶȻ
˵⻰ʱͦġ
ϾԼô, ôܲأ
ʫָͮ, ЦЩӲ
ͯ˶ûע⵽, ͯԺ⻹ͷǵģǺ, ǲ, Ӧ򰲰ѧϰ, Դǳ, ǲѧϰ㿴ڣñȥˣ
ͯǲȥͱȥ£ҿû취ƴѧϰ
֮ǰǰúܲ˼ϰˣҲѾ̹ȻԼǰ˵ʵ
Ҳ˾䣺ǲκͰμӻͺܺãҿһ¶ûôϷˣԺлҲһμӣĩѧϰʱҲһѧϰɣѧѧ
һһģͯǲǰѧϰͯǲ⣬ʫͮȴһԲɬѱ档
ͯǲ߶Դ۵ʱǰˡ
ƿŵʱ򣬸ոϵĲѾһƽ
ǶڿǰҲһ£漴ʵ裬ôûϢأ
ǻûأ㻹ҪҪԵ㶫ʡ
ǰЦЦҡҡͷãѾˣ
ͯԺҲЦЦ
½Ѿ𣿡ͯԺ˵
ǰͷûֳ̫Ĳᣬֻ˵ҲҪѧУϿΣþô
ͯԺͷ룬վʱҲˣ¥˯ɣǲýˣнϷǣ
֣߻вǮءǰЩҪܾ
ͯԺЦ˵ǽǲеġ
£ǿ϶Ҫģͯǲ˸ۣ˵
˵⻰ʵֻҪǰܽ𣬱Ͼʵǲ뿴ȱǮҲ뿴ΪܵǮȥְ
Ļ˵̾Ͳôˡ
ǰû
ͯԺ˵ͷ˺⡣
ǰѾˣҲ׷¥˯ϾϿεϿΣϰϰ࣬æ
ʫֱͮ¥ǰͯǲڶ¥Լķ䣬ͯǲס
ι
ǰͷ
ͯǲ΢΢˺죬˵ţһڲףһ¡
áǰͷ
ͯǲֲ֪˵ʲôˣ˰һ䣺
˵꣬һԼķ䣬š
ǰ
Ƭ̣¶Цݣ˵
-
ģƴ½Ҳȥˡ
ǵģĲ֮ǰȻ滮רûгɹõˣ˵ǰǰûͬ⡣
󽱽ƽ֣ҲǷǳ
ǰԼһεıջԶȽҪûǣҲμ
ϵãֶǲǮģҲ䡣
ʦ֪ǰǲһȽǿ佱һڰ칫҇Nɪ
ƣ
ѧʦѽ
ԭǰȻʦעûʦעģ֮ҲᵽʦĹעʲôܣ
ʦÿÿζش⣬Ū಻ԡ
ƽֻǰ֪һҲƽ
ԤϰǸոմ촩ú񣬴ʱУֻһ¡
˲ϵĺǰԱߣǳԣϴ˶ĺΣü΢⡣
ͯϵеú˳ҲָֻǳǰٺŮӴ
ǰͷҲ̧Ӧһš
ͻȻⲻǸһĿα
߶ġǰ˾䣬飬һ߿ϻһűʼǣȻǳ档
ǣ
һ𾪣ֱǲԼĶ䡣
ΣŹһ䡪
ѾҲ̫ţ˰ɣ
Ԥϰȶڸ߶ˣ
һѧڿɻûнأ
ʱͿǰڵ
Դչȥգգ۾ѽȻ֪㰮ѧϰѧϰҲһģֲ׼ھͿ߶飬ǲЩˣ
С
ǰ֣΢΢סҲûжˡ
˵еȷʵˡ
Ÿһѧʱ͸ԼҪҪʵ
ǰҲģȷʵˡ
ôУ׼ʲôΪʲô׼
ǰ򴽡
½˵ƥ˾ʱʶܾģڡԼô׼˵ʲô
ǰ±ʡ
ãȻˣôԼ˵䣬ͷ±ˣ
ż˵ѽɱҾ˵˵ģѧԣѧ϶һᰲѧϰȵģҡ
ۡǰЦ˳
סɵɵЦ죬ͷЦˡ㶼þûЦˣǷǳ࡭
ôԼ˵䣬ûԼЦأ
Ͱͣ㡢Ǳɵ˰ɣ
ǰһ߿ϵĸ߶¶΢ЦˣȻоҪᶨ˵ԸԸ⣬˵вС
ûԹô֪вأ
ǣ˵ɶ
ǰֵͷһѧ͸ˣ˵״̬Ҳ֮ǰ˺ܴ
֮ǰԥԥؿ飬һѳʵĵâ¶
ǰ½뷢һϢ
磬һͰɡ
½뿴ˣû⻰ʲô˼ϢʱѾȫˡ
¶һЦݣԼ֪һЩ
-
ǣǾͷ֡
ԭΪͬѾǳѧϰΪˣ
ڣԼˣѾǰѧϰѧˣ
춼飬ϡˢˢˢдţ˳˶־ϿζӦؿĿ¿Σö顣
ʼαþЩãȻˡ
á
Ƕ˰ɣ
Ǵ˸¡
ҪμӹʱҪ׼٣֪ʶ⣬ȻҪ߱һЩ
½뼸Ҫ׼Ķǰˡ
ǣһǰȥ칫ҵľ
ʦǰᡣ
ǰ͵ļľͲǿѧ̬ˣ̺Ͱ˾䣺ôˣʲô𣿡
ǰ뱨μȫѧԤ
أľ㱻ԼǺˡ
̲ס˵ƽʱⲻһϾҪĩˣȥμӾʵ̫˷ʱˡҺܶ˲μӾΪ˱ͣͯǰֻҪúѧϰͨ߿߿֮дѧ棬ѡκҪȥרҵɱȾöˡ
ΪǰãһȽȫѧĺûôߣʱսҲ̣ǰĳɼ㹻ãҲܿ
߸߿·ӣѡʲôѡʲôѧУα˷ʱμӾ
ҡ
治˵ͨģǰμ˷ʱ䡣


43 
ѧУûβμӾԤ, ǰûУڰһһкЩ
Ҫ, ľʲô, ƫƫǡǰ
ǰȻ֪Ŀ, ʵ, ĿԼ⼸, μ, ܻܿ˷Ѻܶʱ, Ҳܿò
Ҫԡ
Ͼǵڶεϱ߿·, Ѿ߹һΣһΣߵĹУĻŽء
֪ʲôҲòҪԡ
еʱ˷ѲģȴöԣμӾ˷ʱ䡣
Ϊûջ, ѹסԼĿ, һҲȥԡ
οֻ֪ҪԼμ, ;Բһ
Ӵˡѧ֪ʶ˸սЩջ
ˣǰҡҡͷ, ˵ʦ, μӵġ
ľһ, ĵ˵ͯǰ治ʦҪ㣬ϾʵҲûʲôôΪãǰûƵı飬㿴꼶һ̣о˲Ľи߶࣬иĻǴ߾·ĥ꣬߿Ƿھĺģ
ѽЩȣǰʤĲߡ
򴽣ǰδеļᶨʦԣԣ͸ûˡ
ľ˵ˡ
ʱʦʳһ߳һ߽˰칫ңףͯǰͬѧҲѽԵ𣿡
λʦһǸ͵ģȻЩŵˮƽĸߣҪ̫ŵһҲûġ
꼶һǳͷۡ
һϲͯǰѧ̬Ҳͷǳá
ͯǰҡҡͷЦЦʦãѾԹͲˡ
ϳˣ˵˵ѾͷҪȥμǸ㲻ʲôǵҪȥ˷ʱ䣡ľץųʦͿʼ߶߶
ʦҶȵľ˵꣬ſǰμӣ
ǰͷ
ѽҪú׼һͷϰ⣬Լ⾺ɲһܿģһҲиʦЦ˵ϻ˿ɽ
ľ
ǰ¶Цݣõģллʦ
Ҫμӣʦַǳ֧֣ľ˵ʲô
ڰ֣̾һȥɣҪμӾѧϰҲиˣĩҪ½̫Ҿҳˣ
ǵˣ
Ҫһӻˣ
ţһġǰͷ
֪ľѾƶΪ׼ĩɼ½ǰûнͣΪԼҲ˵׼
Ҳ֪ҲΪ˾ȫѧϰģ
ľǰǰǲϲġ
ɴ˿֣ʵҲһλҪѧõͨʦȻкܶ⣬ȻһЩǳԣĻǰĹۡ
߶ְ࣬ȻҪ뿪ľİ༶ְ߿ĳɼ޹أԷҲ֪ǿȰˡ
ϣѧҪźϣ߿ȡúóɼ
ֻʱ͵Ҫ·ϣ߳һķ羰
ֻܹĺˡ
ȵǰ뿪ľųʦǾҪôÿһʲôҪǰѧϰɼ߿һⶼûУ
ʦʳѵ̬Щ˵ͯǰ츳ܺãҾȥһǺ¡
ľҪ˵ʦѽǽʱҲˣҽ̵ʱ仹ҪЩ츳ѧʵҲˣĳĿϣʵкܺ츳أһµµΪƽӹ·츳ĥҲ͵ˡ
˵⻰ʱͦƽģȴһ˵ꡣ
ͯǰ츳ô𣿡ľü
ʦҡͷҼ츳ߵģҼĥģ츳ϵһ࣬ڷֲȥִţִŵѡ츳һ·׿Ų
˶٣˵ˣŸһ
ľס漴Ȼ
ѽͯǰŸһƸۣһͯǰȴʱ䡣
ʦ㻹ϽȥԷҪ׼Ͽˡ
ľ̾ɴȥԷ롣
-
ʦʳá
ľЩʦʳûڳԷʦ붼Ǹģڿڵһüһ꼶ʦҲڡ
ожΡ
ľЩˣΪһιʾҪǰȥǰ࣬ԺÿμЩΡ
ںԶ˴棬ƽʱһǲġ
˷ˣ׼ԶԶܿû뵽һиʶʦ֣ʦ
ľû취ֻܶŲ˹ȥ
к㰲Էʦ컹ڼ
ǳˣ˵úѧϰ𣿷ҪȥμʲôǸ߿״Ԫӣⲻ˷ʱôȰһǳ
ľһ㶣̧ͷʦǰҲ˷ҪμӾ
⻰˼еˡ
ҪμӾ˵ʦǲֵ֧ġ
ɼãҪȥһʦš
ֻǳɼãϣõΣڱ˶ԣ˷ѵʱ˵㡣
һҲ֣˵ľҲС
ɲǣʢ٣꼶һǰ಻ǡͯǰɣ졣
ͯǰ꼶Ϻܳƽа࿼ǰʮ̫ѣĳɼȻɺϣѶǰƽɼ
ľɲǡ
һۣڶԷпᡣ
꼶ϵһʦ̾
Щѧ׶ʲô
-
ǰ֪ʢʲôʵϣ֪ʢҲҪμӡ
ص֮ǰ̱ӽʱ俴ݡ
Ҫ֪ʶ֪ͺЩ֪ʶչϤμӾѵһ
Ԥʱ䲻ˣǲú׼ǲ˷ʱ䡣
ҪϿεʱǻˣȻǴ
棬Աߵǰ˵ãЪһЪ£ô棬ĩҺҪȥѩȥȥ
ǰҡҡͷ
üȥ£ȥһ£ǲǻỬѩһÿɺˣʱҽ㣬׼
ǰ賿ҽҪ׼ԻæĩеĻҶμˣҪרĿ顣
賿ͯǲĴºţһ׼ģʹʱǰҲŽУҲϰˡ
һ㶣ʶʵҪμӱʲô
ȫѧ
μǸʲôãȻ
ǰ۵й⣺ΪֻȫѧõһȽвμӹƥ˾ʸ񡣡
ԣμȫѧĿģΪ֮ƥˣһȽǡƱ
㶵Ŀ
ֹһμǰ۵йģҲǵһʶǰڱԽԽƯֻһΣ۵׵Ĺͫ
Ʋߣȴִĵһδɬ
ٵֻܽͰӦһ䡪
ŶŶŶǡ͡
ǶԺ֪ʱǵһԱ
ŮеĹ𾪣Ʋߣȴμ穡
Ǹʱĺˮոϴñ˽и°̧ŵģ
ڸŮҫԼսҪĩȥѩҪԼѩжã⡭
ڿŮű۵йʱһĻ˵ˡ
Ա
ǵһᵽ
ʱû˵£ҲҴֻǳĬԱߣĵӿһɬɬ
-
ʦϰ⣬ϰҲкܶ౾ǰԣʱޣҪϰкġ
ʦѡϰ⣬ϰֵġ
һһЩȴʵлǾͨԣΧƵ֪ʶЩֻҪץסͺģԲӦ䣬ڲ֮ء
һϰͷǳѣǳŹ֡
ǿ˼ģ棬ҲҪӴļʶпյһϰͶġ
ϰⶼǳãǰ֣صĸл˳ʦ
磬ûУûȥĸ㣬֪Ķġǰžͷ˵
ԴӾμӾ֮Ƶϵʱ͸ˣǻ̽һЩ⣬һЩ顣
棬½ҡҡͷԼˣ㲻üģҸıʼյû
ǰͷóһڿǵıӣǳʵÿһҳд˲ݣЩ򵥣ЩдϸЩ
ôдôѽǴʲôʱʼ׼ģǰʱ΢΢Щü
ѧڿѧʱ򡣡½˵
ʱǰո뿪ʱȻ࣬ΧҲȻüįûһƻĿʱԵùˡ
Ȼ壬æµǺõġ
ע⵽ǰü½ЦģΪ׼ģֻԼʱġ
Цʱܺÿ֪ǲԽЦˣЦԽǺÿ
΢΢۾ЦʱԵʢЦ˶ڷ⡣
½볤á
´ͨУ۵Ƕġ
ǰ΢΢һ£漴æعüͷɿ
һ㲻ΪԼΣϾ֮ǰ½Ϊ˺ܶʼǣЩ˷ʱдģ
߶ʱ˱ôΪԼ˷ѣ
½ǰãǰȴ᲻Լá
ˣ磬ܹǲǾлһȥпԣĳа쵥λھУҲҪȥпԡ
½Ц˵ţͣõһȽǻ뼯ѵӣھһμӼѵ
ǰ⻰Ҳ¶ЦݣսΪ˺͸һѵҲ͵ģ
ҪѵͱҪһȽ˵Ϊһѵ˼ҲһһȽ
ǻ֮Ĺ
һᶨС΢΢𣬷·ܸԾġ
½ʧЦ
ܿһ˵ʱܽţҸһ֮ǰ
ſڡ
϶ˮİʫ̧֣ͮȴûš
Σ¶Цݣûţֻת¥
ף𣿡ڳˮʫֶͮűˣʵ
ʫͮ˵ҿںͱ½Ƶûд
ԣ̾һʲôû˵
Ҫ֮ǰ϶¶ˣԴӱͯԺ˵˼֮Ҳעų߶ȡ˿Լ½Ҳǰļˡ
ʫͮϵ飬״Ҿ˾䰲˵Ҫͱ½ȥμӾһȥмѵ
̧ͷüͷ
Ƭ̣ʣʲô
ȫѧһȽͿԱͺЩƴѧϵˣϧǺܺãͲȥ˷ʱˡʫͮʼ磬Щʧ
˷ʱ䣿ƫͷЩ档
ʫͮͷһΣЩ˷ʱ䣬һ㲻رǿоģʦὨμӡҾˣٻͷ⣬ܻЩӦ
˵ֳ꣬һˮ˵ùã¥ȥˣпûãͿҪĩˣҵץʱ俴顣
£ֻǰڰ֣ڵȥȥɡ
ʫͮתǴЦݵ¥
ûһͯǲ¥ӱ淭˺̣žҪط䡣
ǲסǲҪʼˣôμأ
ͯǲһߺ̣һҲμǸʲôǽɲã˷ʱʲôǰҲûвμӹѽԺҲѧרҵμǸʲô
һʱϵ͸ǳˡ
ͯǲ棺裬ʲôῴһģʹĽָþĽɣ
ûûСҡҡͷһ㱣֪ʲô
ͯǲһɵؿһۣ漴Ҳûϣֻ¥ˡ
һ磬Щ㱣ԼúͼСùֵģҲûȥֻڼǲ̧ͷ¥ϡ
-
ϡ
ͯԺ°קһߣԺ⣬иҪ˵һ¡
ʲô£ͯԺ⿴
üͷһ̾ҪμΪ˺ͱ½һѵ
˭˵ģͯԺãȻ
ȻǰԼͱ½Ƶʱ˵ģЩţС˵ͱ½ǲ̫ˣΪһѵȥһСسǶ飬һҲûнӴԲμӾġ
ͯԺҲü֪΢ȰһЩѶȷʵһĴ
Ҳһʱ䣬ĳԾĩǰ죬ҪȥμӾпܻӰ쵽ĩԡȻĩҲǹؼҪǰװ˷ʱ䡢ĩԣͲ̫˰ɡ
ٴ̾˵֪ⱡ½룬֪Զһһһ߶ֽ׶ҪӦѧϰɣΪʲôΪһѵȥμʲôأ
ԣ˷ʱһ£ɰμӾĿĲĵģ
μӾĿΪ˺ͱ½뼯ѵֱ
½ôҪ
Щܡ
ͯԺҲüʣʹûУ
û졣
ʹ˵ʲô鲻ҪԼҲ²⡣ͯԺ˵Ȼ˿ҲǷǳǵġ
ͷǴԷʱʣʱǲ֪ôڡ
ǣԷʱͯԺֱˡ
½Ҫμ𣿡


44 ͵
ǰ, ͷţѾˣٹڳԡ
һֱûвҴ, Ҳû˵
׷ʣΪҪͱ½һѵ, Ųμӱ𣿡
ǰü, Щװ⻰˼
, ҲμӱȻΪҪμӡǰŰ۾
, Ҫ˵ʲô, ǰɫ, ֿ˿ԱƽԷİʫͮԴʲô
ͻȻˡ
ʱԼͱ½绰ˡ
ҲǱ, ˴˼μӱΪ˱½롣
ŭ漴ԵҪμӼѵҪھȡһȽ߶Ƚĳɼ
ԣͱ½ԼѵǰҲõһȽõһȽ, Ͳμӵ÷ǳ, Ҫһ˿ɣ
Ϊ˼ѵμӱ⻰⡣
һ㶣û뵽ѵҪһȽĻ߲ܲμӡ
ΪֻҪȥ, ȥѵ
ʱ򣬱𾪵ͯǲѾع, ʿˮ, 
ҿ㾹ȻҪμզôţƣ
ǰ, ĵġ
⻰ʱ͸ãȻ
ǰΪ˺ͱ½һѵҪμʲôȻͯǲ֪ܷʱ֮Ϊֽ׶βμӾǺ顭
ǲʱ㲻˵μӾ˷ʱ䣬𣿡ͯǲҪʸס
ͯǲ˵ǶҲãˮƽѽѾͷǿˣҪǲμӾõǾ̫ţˣ
ǳţǽġ
˲סԼˡ
뵽Լ˽ġ
ǰʱ䲻ĩ֮ǰ𣿻᲻Ӱ쵽ѧϰ˵
ǰģһЭá
Щ֪˵ʲôˣְ߿ͯԺ⡣
ͯԺûǰʣԺѧҪѧ
ǵġǰͷǳᶨ
Լ˾ͺãŸһȥҲǺõġͯԺҲˣǰμӾֵ֧ġ
ǰεŮʵһֱûʲôҪֻϣĹÿһ죬ҪٳԿͲˡ
ɼãԼŬΪˣҲΪ
Ҫǲϲ˵ɼãȻҲѧϰֻҪģһжá
ոհʱҲΪǾ䡰Ϊ˺ͱ½һѵμӱü
˿֪г㣬ᶨӣ֪ڣȻҲ֧
ԷԷͯԺ¶Цݣǰвˡ
ǰȴ¿ӣ裬Һ͸Ƶ𣿡
ʵ֪ǰ͵
⻰ʳȻ̰֣ǵģʫͮȥˮСһ䡣
̹԰ʫͮǷǳΣȻðʫͮ͵
⻰˵Ϲذˡ
ʫͮҲŭû뵽ԼùþȻôֱ׾˵ˣ
˶ʫ̵ͮ沿飬ãȻ漴ǻȻ򡪡
ŶģҸͱˮ˵Ҫ͸ȥμһѵЩĽ͸̾һԼû
ͷ˰ʫͮĻѽҾˣΪȥֻΪˡ
˵ͣס˵ȥˣϴΡ
ǰ˴Ŷɺϣ
ʫͮڵΪǳޣЩֻã㵥óҲʲô
Ųɣǰûκ֤ݡ
ңò˵һΰʫͮɹˣɹǰ԰ողĺøȫĥˡ
ĥøвΪ
ΪôŰʫͮ
ǰһ
ŰƢģΪûκãֻðʫͮӵ⣬ԼĿġ
ǰ¿ӣҳԱˡ
վͣ£ͷƽ˵㣬ϣԺ㲻ҪҲ֪£Һͱ˴绰Ҫ裬ҵ˼
͵ҥ£
ʫָͮſӣ¶һ΢ЦãԺ󲻻ˡ
ǰ¥ãȻ˵ʲô˼¶ʫͮûйϵˣʫͮ
ʱ뵽֮ЩᡱϵҲƽƽ
æվҵĴðʫͮӦúúദìܣȥͣ
վû뿪ͱͯԺס
ͯԺ¿ӣ̾һ³ԷɣӲ˰𣿡
죬£һ
ǵģˡ
Ϳر½룬ԼҲŵģǡ
ͯԺ߷ڰʫͮϣϴǰ˵Ļŵġ
ֻҲ᲻ʲôᣬʫͮѾͷҲųģĸǳΪ͸Ե͵ìܡ
һεľ棬Щɰʫͮ˵ġ
ֻǻɣһΣֶ˼šʫͮĶ԰ҲڱС
ʫͮǲᣬԺ㲻С绰ҲҪٽó˵ˡʲôʱ͵˵绰ݣǲӦ˵ȥģй¶˽Ҫ˼ͯԺƽ˵
⻰ЩҪſڣͯԺ˵Ǽҽ⣬һ䣬֮㡣
ʫͮŴͷá

ҲҪ㣬һˣԺԲ鷢ʱҲ˰ʫͮһۡ
ʫͮ΢΢һס
֪⻰Ǿ
ԼͿҪøĵˣûг֣ε²Լֲȷ
ȷˡ
øǸĴˣ
ҪǹùʱʧĹøͰ׼Զκιϵ
ЩΪùã˹øǸʲôˡ
ʫͮŴ֪Լסͯңάźͯҵĸ飬һСС
ͯǲҲûгԶˡ
ߺɵؿ˿ʫ̧ͮͷ˿¥ϡ
ôáѾͷϵЩԣ
ʫͮҲֵֹģЩϲ
-
ȥˣ֮ӷƽ˾
ǰȥЩӵĹϵ͸飬˷ʱͰʫͮȥ
һͷϰУò˵ƽʱĿкܴ
ԡչԣԶĿԱȵġ
ǰͷ׼ʱʱͱ½Ƶͨÿκͱ½˵껰оԼԽ
ɼ½ǿ
ͷֻӳ־һɲѧԽͶ롣
תۼ䣬ԾҪʼ
γʼĿԵص㲻ԶҲͲҪǰһϵܱ׼
ԾǰĩҲûмˣеѧϰշǳŨҲͿʼϰѧڵݡ
ϾͲҪˡͯǲ֣ǰϵıӺϡ
ǰַмӦҾٿһۣطеŪף
˵꣬ü
ȷʵûһֱţ˿֮ͺϱˣֻһֱһطûо۽Ȼ˼С
ͯǲ൱Σ˵˾䣺ҿڼֱˣϾҪĩԣ׼ûУĩԳɼǻӰӴ
ǰһȻԼ˼Уûͯǲ˵
ͯǲεʼ硣
Աһֱû˵İʫͮİ
ϾҪˣ֮ĩԡ
һǰûнӴѾͷܹԣ
һ˼ھ棬ĩܿã
ʫͮš
ֻ뿴ǰûйԣĩûõӣʱ򣬿꼶Щʦô
ʫͮЦ


45 
ǰ֪ʫͮ뷨, ʵϣ֪Ҳġ
½˵öԣӦ԰ʫͮõǺ, ԼȥQȻ, ĳɼƽ½Ȼûʶô⡣
ǰԼôҪ, ÿΪ˾ĩԸϰͺ޲ðԼ
ԶĿͣڱ, רע, Ҫġ
һҪμӾܶ˶ǰ, мʦ¿ǰϰ, ̾Ϣ
Ȼᶨ׼žһ㲻ҡġ
ĩ, ԭͯԺͰǾȥ㿼, ǰûͬ, ԼͿԣҪҳȥ㿼
ͯԺͰ룬ҲûǿϾҲԼȥ˻᲻ᷴǰѹ, ûӳʵ
ǰԼһ˴ſԵĹߵ˿ʵЩ, Ͼûвμӹģ׼, ĵ׻
һֱĿʱ΢˿
, ҲԼͷԵġ
ǰһ, ڿ̳֮⵱, ĿϿǲ˷һʱġ
Ƽҡ
褰̣𣿡ͯǲƼźֻһʣϾҪû϶Ҫקġ
֪󣬷֣褵ɫЩ֡
ͯǲ棺ôˣ
֣˵ǡ¥鷿ϰ
ɶͯǲˡ
˵ͯǲˣ֣ԼҲŵòᣬһǾˣ˵ҸϰΪдӰ죬ȥ鷿ˡ
ֱ
̫߳
ȻͯǲҲģȥ鷿賿ѾǳԴҩ˰ɣȻڸϰ
˵ĩˣпҲûһ︴ϰѽ
ǻڿʼǣɶ£û±Ҹϰ
ͯǲȥԴ𾪣ûѽǲֱˣǿʲôǿÿ۶㻨Ǯ
ǻӿ֣ùһԵĿαſαʼǣ˵ţǣ븴ϰˡ
ͯǲ
̫߳ˣ
ǿſţͻȻ̧ͷӴ⿴
ôãСѩֻԵʪġ
˵ڿ԰ɡ
ѽǳԣܶҪʼĩˣͦæġͯǲ̾һ䣬ҲѾͷסĸϰǿʵ̫ˣҲ֪ôôѧϰ
˵Զˣ˵СӣҲв٣ΪҾԣ׷඼ѧϰϣⱲӶһõ·ӡ
ǰͷһ˼ѧϰģֻһ
򴽣ĵӿһԵ
ñСҾڸڣ˻ͬΪʲôôԶأ
Ǻܿջעؿ顣
ͯǲҲͲͯңоȤҲαϰ
ô磬ǲҪ̫ˣ
-
ǰ߳Ʈѩոմпյ߳оĺʴ˹·
óֻ½뷢˸Ϣ
Ӧͬʱİɡ
Ϣǰֹ˿ֲ·Ķ
ԶߵĿǣһͷǰʱ򣬶ԷЦЦ
һ꣬òÿԶԶȲ忡ı½룬ҲȲͯǲԼѱǡ
ɸɾ˵ĸоǳ
ǰһ¡
漴ҲЦЦ
ʢ١
û˵ȴѾʶһ㡣
ǰʢ٣ʵʢ٣ڿʲô
ʢջߣЦЦҵĶ֡
ӴеģлеĶ֣Ҽǵ꼶ڶһѽ֮ǰðʫͮǸھ˵ҲôˡȻԶҲ˽⡣
ҵĶֿɲǡʢЦɲҪС˶УһҲԻ
˵꣬ЯԶ
ǰûпǣΪֻˣ½Ƶ˹ǰæ϶ֻ
磡
Ļϸոһ־ǰЦЦݲãü䡣
½еĸ˼ԼΧ׷ѩĺ䣬һ˲䶼ɢˡ
ǰԲ۾ۣѩµúô󣬹Ƴɽѩʮ׺ˣ
ɽǰͱ½볤Ǵӽŵһɽ궬춼һѩ
½̲ס¶Цݣ˵ĩһؼҸա
ã
쿼ô½ʣ鲢ûеġ
Ȼǰ˵ͷ°΢΢̧һ㣬ɼ飬ǰ¶ֻжű½ʱչԼ
εⲻ̫ϣмһʼû뵽ˣˣ磬иò׼
Χ˵˼䣬ǰȷʵúܺá
½˵Ӧûʲô⣬ǸԺʵ鶼Ҫú׼һ£ϾҪĩˣϽתһעĩϡ
ǰȻǵͷҲǡ
ǹ˰ɣע⿴·ǱҲСѩСĵˤˣϽؼȥԵ㶫½붣
۵׵ĲᱻȥЦݡ
ոտ꣬ҲǰԲס˹ȥ
أҲǣ·ʱҪע£·ʱҪûгҲҪעⰲȫҪڳǰһض
Ϊԭģڱ½İȫ⣬̲ס䡣
ԣ½ϣ᣺ãġ
֪ԷúܺãĹ˵绰
ǰܺõĳŲ졣
½˽·Ǵ¶ȵЦ׷ĴѩС
-
꣬мֻһĩ
ǰͣ㱼ĩһΪֹкһοԡ
ڼνѧúܺãֻҪĩԳɼ죬һǻнǵģʦͬˣԸʦĩԶǳء
ѧҲ
ǵʱҪֱӷҳֻϵĳɼ
һ͸߶ȻһԣһԵʱ߶͸ϿΡ
ǰǿ죬ţʱúܽѧҲǳʱһҲи
ңĩĿЩѣЩѧһɥһ߿һ߾
ʱ򣬾ǰҲ˿̫Ѩֻʱˣġ
˶࿼һžأϰǿȾ͸Ǵˡ
صңǰӶЩûˡ
еǸðˡ
ɣС첲Сȵġֱ֣һ԰˽ҡ
Ȼ˵̭ǰ֪Ǻ⡣
صλϣ鱾Ҳʰ˻Աߣǿ
ǰá
һһӾͳĬˡ
ǰæ˵ҺðˣڱңôȾ
ðǷǳܵġ
һ㶣æ˵ҪҪھȥҽԺˣȥУҽҰɣߡ
ոյĳĬһɨգǵǡ
еھҪȥҽǰЩжǻӿ֣ҡҡͷһСðȥԵҩУҪҵˣȷѧ˵ɡ
룬ͷҲаɣѧǵøϽȥҽ
֪ôСĴȾ
Ҳ£Ǹǿ׳أСðҲݲСѾͷ£ԺԵ㣬˲ֿܵð߶߶
ⶼǹģ˵ʵǲ
ǰһۡ
ȻһɿӵʱҲ֪Դ˶ƤԽԽף⼸µҩҲѪѾǺÿˡ
˾Ȼ˵ݲ
ӣЩ顣
ʵ
ǰܺÿ
ΪЩݣ˽´Ҷ˵ѧǸСŮƮƮɵɽ㣬ЩкøС
ǻǾãǰӦٶԵ㣬Щá
ǰûʣոҪ˵ʲô
һ˼˵㿼ô
ɡǰ˵
ȴ֪һ򲻿˵ɣǾ濼ò
ԴˣЩɥĵͷҹſúܲѧڿõһҲҸϰ¿ˡһϰúãǡ
Լɼѱ˿жôɥ
飬ǰ̲סοû£ֻѧϰãá
һۣһοˡı顣
ǰʼáĵط˻ú֮⣬׻ʲôáأ
Щסˡ
ˣǵԴˣ¶дˡɥ
ǰ۾һʺѽ㿴΢۵͸ðˣʹǻ
ǣôŵ㣿
ǰһָʺñŵ㣬ѽѧϰû츳˭֪ҵû츳أôãԺس·ӣҲܽһõĴѧѽ
س
۾һʵΪسϺõĴѧ
أǰͷ
Ժѧգգ۾ڴϣ
ҪسǲҲԺǰͬһѧ
ǰ룬˵ѧɡ
ǣ
ա
ԼΪسҲ˾ѧ
ǣǵԴȥ
ǰ֪Ϊʲô飬ãȻ
ʱʦ½½ˣǰҲͲתעûٺ˵
-
ʦ½½ҵη°ȫȵȶʽǷųѧУ
һѧĺپʽˣ
Ȼٵҵ
߶ҲҪʼˣֻȸһһ㣬ôżٵǸ
ѧУĸֱǴ˵еټճӼ
ż֣ܵҲʦǡ
żһۣ۹ȥ϶һͷԴܹĸˡ
ÿμһĻĸһѧǶԴ˳˾η
ܶѧżپҰȥˣȻм䲻ǰ
ĵӲЩȴûãԭΪֻСðؼҳ˵ðҩҲûϡ
û뵽ϾͷգͯԺ̽ҽ˹ͯ£һϣʱգԺ˯˹ȥ
žĨᣬۣ
ͯԺҲһϣҲŴ˯ŵǰ۵ĲС
ܴ󣬽СǰڴϣƴСͷ˯ŵʱü鷢ڶͷЩ΢죬¶ȲŸոȥ
ͯǲҲվԱߣĵؿǰ
ǲҲû˯ãҪҪ٣ͯԺ⿴ӡ
ͯǲҡҡͷû£˾ͺãȥѧУϿΡ
ͯԺͷȥѧУ
Ĩᣬ۵˵һǿʲôֳ岻ҲԼ˵ҩʲô˵ҪǷսвӦһϹȥ֪أ
Ҳָϧ塣
ͯԺļ߿ŴϣӦϰˡǲ鷳ǰڱҵʱϵϣССǮҪʡԼóǸʱԼҧţͲ˵ϰߡ
˵Ҳ۾
תסͯԺʣԺ⣬Ժ⣬ҶԲ𰲰Ҷʼ䡭ҲǾôűˣҡҲǻźӻܣôܻô
ͯԺգգ۾ûԼ޳Űĺ󱳣οֹĴҲдǶԲ𰲰һҪܺúܺãҸ˳졣
ŵͷĸлңԱ½ǵ黳Ҳʧ
СʱһСľͳ󣬿ɱϵϣССҲཫ󡭡
ȵ޹ˣֲ˲۾¥ָӰࡣ
ͯԺ룬½˸绰
ҲǸм½ġ
½ǰ绰ʱӵģΪǰæҲû˵͹ˣ˿̣ҲӦúܵİɣ
½룬ûˡͯԺ˵
½Ǳֻ³һ֣š
ЩƣȻ״̬Ҳá
㲻ҪˣҪ׼ĩԣǻչ˺ðģġ
½룺á
˵绰½볤һ
ϻУͷҵУڣۿ涼ǺѪ˿Ȼһû˯ˡ
˵绰֮ˣ̫ѨߵԱߵĴڣ塪
Ʊ
-
ǰ۵ʱԴЩΡ
ոۣԱ߰㼤ǰˣûĶҪҪȺȵ
ǰҡҡͷ죬ɳƣãˡ
û£ˣ˵ţֺ۾
ǰ˳ǣѾˣʣˣ
ӣ˯һˣѾ㡣
ǰͫһ
æ㣬㡣
ǰȴЩżд绰𣿡
˵Ҫ½绰ģŵϰû뵽Դ̫Σ˯ȥˣһȻ˯ڣ
϶˰ɣ
æͷˣҲ˵
ǰʱ˿
Ϣţ
ǰҡͷȥ԰ɣѾûˣһһ¡
룬ûоܾ¥
ǰ¥ʱͯԺҲպûȥ˾˸ᣬǰֻˡ
´Զ㳤һ
ǰɳţԱߣͯԺͰԺ岻˵Լš
һǴһ߹ɵͷů
Ȼƻѵõʱ̡
ͯҵű죬ոտţǾͿŽ
磡ɩһҪȾȼϰƼǸС̫ˣȻҪϽٹɩˣ


46 
޵úܴ, Ҳܱʹ
ǰͰһ漴ǰع񣬼ССںŨ
ʦõ, ζǳ, Ҳ壬ŷǳ, ̵¶ȴӿһֱθ, ˶ů
ͯԺü, ̲ס˵С˵
Щ, ǿ޿䣺, ôϲƼСӣ˵, ʦ, ռ֤, Ǵ˾ڿôѽϾҪٹˣ
Ȼ˵Щͯ˻Ƕˡ
ϴҪͯϵнˣȻǽٹ
ǲԸ, ͯԺͰæ
ãͯԺʡ
һ꣡һ꣡ǰθᡰš
ǰȴ֪, һ϶ûռ֤ݵĽͯЩ۸˶, ԼǶ֪ˡ
Ĩ᣺ɩҲǿų, ȷʵЩ, Ǽܽ, Ҳˡͬѧͬѧ֮һЩìܣҲûʲô˺ôôݣҪȥٹϽΣȥǶôһꣿⱲӾͻѽ
뵽ιȥŮҧҧֱӹ£ɩˣȾȼϰɣ
ôԼ˴ҲƼҪ׷ͯԺ˵
æɩǺƼҹϵãǾȥ˵һ䣬Ƽҿ϶ԸģʱһżȥHУߵԶԶģ
¶˳ɣ죺ٹ
ǼⱲӲͻ
ɶæ˵ɩôСͽٹʵ̫ˣҲǿģͰɣ
ͯԺȴ˵ãԸ⿴żϽٹ㿴Щ飬ҲӦñúùܽһˣ˵ӲЩ۸ĺӣ֣֮˵ǰǹ𣿡
ǰûͯϣҲûʲôͯϻͻȻҪ
Ҫƽأˤһ£ָҪʲô飡
뵽ϵĳ˲ȥ˵ѽʱͲ𣿼ϵǹܲˣҪ󣬾ȥƼҰɡ
Ӻܲͯô۸һðܰųʱҪ£϶ɱͯϵ鶼ˡ
˵꣬߹ȥǰʣҪҪٺһ¥ϢϢ
֣̽ǰͷ¶ȡ
ǰ˿ӣҡҡͷ
ûһ뵽ά
ɩֺ
ʱſһ𣺡̲κˣͯαеӦóеΣΪԼ
ǵ䵭
һ꣬ʱϬ
һת־ҪͯԺæʹɫͰ̽סûǡ
ǣ㲻ú϶ԲˣɴûжԲ㣡ôϲ㣬ҪΪϲ㡭
üϣִϲҵ飬ŸҶģҿѡΪҪϲֻΪҺ˵仰Ҫ۸ˣֻΪҺ˹ϵҪͼұˣ̣Ӧܹܽˡ
˶٣ûɴЩŮͬѧɵӰһӵ顣ûн֤ȫ룬Ǳʮ꣬ҶҪ˵һ䡪á
Ƿһ㣬޲ôǡ
˺ǣĻǺڣͲӦÿƼҼãڼ˵ϲǵʱ򣬻֧
˿ʲôƼҲƼңʲôŲţֻҪŮδʶˣ
ŴһԲ
һֱڳĬغˮǰһ˵ͯϻţ𣿡
⻰һڷסͯԺͰԼǶסˣתͷ⻰ʲô˼
ǻع̵ǻҪȥ𣿣ͯǰôôĵˣ
֪ǲŹͯϣ˿Ѿ˲һˡ
ǰҡҡͷؿ˵ţͻͷĻᣬôҿΪôȥĺ𣿡
ס
ʼֻˣдšҥٺǴһ۸زΪһԽԽ£ҲԽԽвԡڷˣԺ϶ز˵Ĵ¡
ǰͣһ£ɱӣͯȴѾƫִ̬ˣݺݹ̣ܽһ죬ĽԶڸ
ƽŸп
ɾȴǷ·УǶһĪĺ¡
ʵǰֻ˵ʵ
ԭУͯϵĽûͯǰá
Ľ֣ڵĽѾǺõˣ١š
û˵㶵ġ
⣬ͯ۾ɳƵ˵߰ɣǱ߻Ҫ㣬浢ˡ
˵ţߡ
û˵۵׵ĹϨ˲ʮ꣬ͯǣ߳ȥ
˵ıӰԶ͡
ǰ֪̾ͯһܣͬ顣
ͯϻЩ飬Ϊûн̺á
ǼֻһŮСҪʲô͸ʲôΪֻҪԼҪģûеòģ˭ҲĶ
ĸһæҵһȻģȷʵ˳š
ⲻõƢԣ
ͯԺҲǸ̾û˵֣ץͯԺ䣬ź£Ժ⡭ԺǶӻǹһЩɡ
ҪǺӳˣֿʹ
ͯԺΣֱԸ㻹ģǲȻƢЩҲǷǳ壬ûʲôõĵġ
룬˿
˵ߵǰԱߣŵǣˣ
ţûˡǰ˵
ԣü۷ЩǲŸո֪ǰգϽû뵽ÿǡ
˿ҲǺڣͲѾͷĻӦҽģ
ǰŮƴС԰ףΪƤڰˣ۽µҲԽԵó
ƫƫҲǼֱ۵Ǽ͡
Ըĳȫһ
ûס̧Դ˵ԺԵ㣬óҩͳҩҪڼҶ飬Ҳȥߡ
ǰŶ֪
ȻԼûֵС֡
ǰδ룬ֻ賿
Ա߿ŵͯԺͰһ壬ʶͯԺ⡣
ͯԺһ˵ɫˣ¥ȥϢɣҪ˷𣿡
ˣҾȻȥˡЦЦǰ¥ת뿪ͯҡ
ǰ¥ҴżԺ⣬㿴Сǲǡ
ͯԺͷҿǣԼû֣͸˵ˣѾͷûϣҲ͵֪
ͷȴһ˼
Σ˵СҲǿųģԺʹЩҪǻ⣬Ǹö󡣡
ʲôãͯԺʶСзģ䲻ǰ
Σ˭ϣ
֪ΪʲôͯԺԺ½˫һϬ˫ۣ͵ҡҡͷ˭䲻ǰҪһӣһӶСţ

εҡͷУ˾ͺá
ͻСѧϰΪأ˵Щˡ
-
ϣǰһظ½绰
Ȼ
ԷˣȴƵ
ǰæ˴ҪԼһЩ
֮ͨЦݲã磡
Ļ½ǸӣֻвزסڣЦݲõӣ۵׵ĺᡣ
ٶˣ
ʮߣûˣǰæ˵ͷ֤Լǳá
½뿴ϣĵҡ
򴽣˵ҵĴ


47 ȥ
½, ġ
ǰͨ򵥵һ仰о˿̵
ǰסૣ硭Ϊʲô𣿡
ҲùμӾ, ֪һƴǲҪ, ֡½΢΢ͷǰ۵׵ķӿ
⻰һǰҪ˳۾磬㲻Ҫ˵, ûϵԺ󲻻ˡԺʲôʱҶᰮϧģ
, ˶ھѹ
ǰѾЩϱӵļ, ͯǰļȴô̡
̸ߵʱ, ½ԼĻź, æŲٰ̺£ͯǰһ, ҲͿסˣȥ
µʱ򣬱½˫µ۾, ·ӡԺС
ݵöЩˣȴǲԲ, һֱͯǰĲǰˣҲܲסʧȥһˡ
ʱ, Ҳʹ, ھԼͯǰ
һΪǳΪ¶Ĳ, ˲ҩ
½ҵ֮ͯǰεһΡ
һΣΪӪεˣ½һҹڶ죬Уѡһ˽ѧУ
õһǮͯǰ˲ʣµһ㣬ţ̸͵ѧУ
֮ǸͿʼȥˡ
ʮ꣬Ŀ£ȴһΡ
ǰһףԼ뿪˱ңʱȻ겻Ϊ˿ǮǣȴҲΪ嵣ǡ
硭ұ֤ǰٴૣۿᣬ·գգҪ
½̧ͷѾ۵׵ģ
ģǰصͷ
½¶һЦݣ硣
ǰ˿תͷʼ½룺磬ҲϾҪĩˣҪΪҵǣУ㡭
߶߶ܺá
ͷ½ԽüԽᣬ߶۵ʱӦˡ
صͯǺ£ڱңѾеչ˲ȥŰ겻˵ģ˸
ڵƤ𪣬ͷҲٸɿݣҲȵ΢Щ
ȻǵȴҲǵˡ
Ը֪ģˣ֪ڹúãͯҿ϶壬ꡣ
-
Ǻͱ½ͨ绰Եʣϣ˸Ρ
Уȫͯǰͱ½Сʱ顣
ԼģУоԼԼǸͱ½һ𳤴ˡ
ǰոʱǽӴЩ䣬ǶֻǼ䣬УЩϸڡڼ䣬ʻ
컹ûǰڴϣ㶵ġ
ôһ˲䣬Լͯǰ
ɺܿ죬ϱӵľԺи֣˿
ǰ
á
ʵǼ仹ԭģûͯǰʲôҲǺ֪½Ϣ֮󣬲ſʼġ
ȻûǰȴԸ
½뻤ʱϲȴҲм׺ʱӡ
ͯңǶͯҵһмĽֺ£ԸɪסԼҲûһƢ
Ǳ˵ʲôʲôδԼ·
ǰҵԼļ䣬Ϊҹβļɢ˻ȥ
ҪסԼͱ½룬ñݣҲԼ۸
Ҫ߳һԼ·ǰ꿲ǻŽأҪᶨȥ
-
׼ҡ
ʫ̸ͮոһϢ֪𣿡ζ˵
ʫͮãȻҡҡͷ̣ʲôϢ
׽һû롣
˶˵̫̫ãΪǸŮ԰̫̫һҲ۰ֻϲԼŵŮŮĶŮ
ɰʫ֪ͮǵġ
̶áְֲԸɪչ˲ʧȥŮĹùôСŻὫߣӡ
̶ãôڵĺأ
ͯԺⲻǸԩͷ𩲻ͯҲ׼̫Ķ˰õϵģĲࡣ
ͯڰ׼ǧ
Ҫ˵Ӵˣ
Ҳˣʫ̵֪ͮ˼Ҳ֪Լ׽
˵ͯϽٹˣѾȥˣ궼ڼҹ
ʫͮס
ʵЩˣͯǶû˵ͯԺǸ˵ˣҲˣϢ˶֪
ģôݣùú͹øҲûܣʫͮˣ׷ʡ
̵ͷ
ʫͮһһ
˵жൣͯϣǶԷٹ飬͵˵һǳµ顣
ǿһ߰ͯϣ
ΪͯͯˣʲôҲ̫ҵĽ֣ȴôҲû뵽ôۣͯԺҲ֣
⻹ͯϣأ
֮ǰͯԺľŪʲô۶ӣͯϵʵŵˡ
̿ɫʫͮһֱ֪ЩС˼ҲǺ£ǧҪסעִ硣Ҫǳʲôղ˳飬ͯ϶ܽٹҲù
ͯԺûлͯϣʫͮҪǴֻ
԰ʫͮĺãǽڰϵġ
ʫͮҧͷ
һֱ֪Լв̤ġ
ֻĪЩǡ
֮ǰͯϲԸ˵ĿǸǰ£Թͯϻ᲻˵أ
Щ¡
뵽ǣ͸ˡ
ȻôĺݣҲôݲɳӡ
-
ʫͮĺǰ֪˿ڼżڿ
߶ѾʼĩˣһʦҲѧУӰӵԾڹ֮ǰɼãѧҳֻϡ
Щûõѧһꡣ
Ļ˵ġ
˵ʱǳԹȻĩûõǲˡ
ǰֻúЦûкܵԼĩԳɼֻ֮ǰһʱȷʵΪЩˣûôá
һۣѧڽҪְ࣬Ȼ㶼ʼ߿
ȻرãҲ϶ġ
Ϸһҳ¿
¥£
ǰϸ飬ű±¥׼Է
ͯǲҲˡ
ò˵߶֮ԵĿĿʱ٣ϲÿˡ
ġѧӢۣҲš
ˣôǰ˾䡣
ͯǲѾ£ŷҪʼԷȻǶˡ
ǰĻ˵ɣ̫̬ˣ֮ǰ¿п򵥵ģôĩһӴӼģʽģʽˣ
ͯԺӸǰҨһۣǴЩģҲΪ֮ǰĿԾ͵⡣
֣ҿɴûеͯǲըë
ͯԺһ㻹û⣿֮ǰҪĲ㣿ҪǿãѹǮҪˡ
ͯǲ
һ±Ƶӵģǰ̲סЦ
ͯǲһۣ˼ͷֿͯԺ⣬гǿҪǿˣ̨Ϸ
ʲô£ҪˣϷͯԺһۣһ
ͯǲйˣǵʱ˵ɡ
ͯԺҲְ߷ǰϣЦ˵ҲǣнҰһѧڽǳοúòöн
ǵǰûá
ҲǰΪûл̫˼Եһðͷա
ӣ˿Ҳ
ǰû˵ʲôЦŹɵͷĸĹĺͰǻϲϲ¡
ȻͯԺʱ˵Ц
вˣҲ˵ţ궼꣬괺ǿžˣʱֵ̻ںߺú档
ǰ㶣漴ͷȴЩ
ڡ
괺ڣ½Ҫһڼˡ
ڴҲûʲôݣõҲǸˣһȴǲᣬϾҶڴﱣһЩ˵á
ȥͯǰͱ½ģûʲôҪʵòʲô
ˡ
꣬ܺû㶼ֻһˡ
ǰҲ֪ȥͱ½Ϧģĵһ꣬ͯҲ׼ţ½롭Ҳͬ⡣
ٷ£ԵñЩ
ȵͯ˶ʱǰ룬˵衭
ͯԺͰɻ
ءMһˡЩ仯̲˾䣬ͻ
ɣͯԺһۡ
ͯԺ룬˵ԣȥͻȥɣ°ְ˸㶩Ʊ
лл֣Ҳлл裡ǰ¶Цݣü䣬һࡣ
ЦŴкŲ¥ȥʰ
ǿӰҲ֪˿õĲС
ϣ˵⡭һСܻȥ
ͯԺ̾˵ǰʮ궼ģߺͱ½Ϊ꣬չ˺ġҾͼʱ䣬ҲСˡ
ԱߣͯǲͻȻ˵ҿ֮ҿȥ
ͯԺͷͬˡ
-
M캮سȻɽ棬ɵҲʲôĳС
бȲĺѧУȲϴеĺѧУڵأǺЩġغܱصкõĸˡ
Ǹ߶ĩʱ
캮ضʱûѩ꣬СѩȵϣƻҪ´ѩ
ԣҵٴɨѵбѧˡ
ѧǴеͨУУߡ
½ߵıȽԶȺУӽҳȥһͨͨЩ׵Ųݣޱ顣
СŮű½ķ
һ˳վڱ½ǰóһţ½롭
½뿴ûһۣƽ
Ůߺ졣
ԶŮŮһЩ˴ӵŵŮüЦЦ
Ʋˣ첽ι½룬ô𣿡
½üҲֻǿһۣҲԶ
ŮţҲûϾϰˡ
мһִڱ½Ц˵
ιѧ֮ǲҲ̫䵭ˣ
½򶶶һ£˵˵Ҳʶǡ
ҲõĴʽڲڣǾܾˣǻǲҪ˷ʱ˵ˡ
ҿ磬ǰǸ㲻ʶˣϲþõĸڰ໨ѩҲʶ𣿣š
½ҡͷʶ
͸ǰƵӦÿѩᵣԼؼҰȫȫɣ
ҲܴˣҲᵣĵġ
˳ٸɡ
Ҳ֪ѾͷΪʲôôİȫЩЦ
½űģбҲֻӦ
һ˵СǸ֮˰ɣϵµһϲ½ŮѧУһȦˣǸ֮࿴һ۹
⵹ҲǣѧѧһѧУǵ֮Уˣ
ֻѧϰû
½ûǵĶԻϣóֻÿǰϢ
ֻм򵥵һ仰
û
½¶Цݡ
Աߣզզ
ۿȻЦˣ
ѽӦÿЩŮ϶Ҫ衣
ι磬㿴ʲôˣ
ǡ˭㷢Ϣˣ

½Ѹٻ˾䡪
ţٸ绰
ֻûǿϢ
һֹ绹Ų˵ҾƶҲ֪ôôõֻ
½ظ͵ġ
ֲٿˡ
ı󣬳ѩһЩŮŮں棬û̫Ҳû̫Զ
˵
Сѩ½Ҳ̫߰˰ɣ
ѽѽôֲ˵ϲʲôѽ
ѩû˵Ů˵úѽôõûɼôãÿζ˦ڶʮ֣ѵʱ˦ٷ֣ĳɼҲǷǳģ
ѽѽԽ壬ԽʣСѩ۹áһŮ΢΢˵
͵ϲһˣǲͥģֻϲˡ
кӻ˵˾䣺Ǹ֮ӣһŮƽʱҲôˣϲҲûѽ
ѩһۣҪܣ
ǿУſڣڿʲôһ˿Уſڣ档
ѩҲ̧ͷȥ
ͬʱ½ԱߵҲ˳ָУſ˵ۿ쿴СŮѽ
˷ǳק½̧ܵͷһۡ
ȴһ۾Ͷס


48 
ſпô, ѧУ棬ҲǶ죬ҶҲЩɫ, Ȼûд, ڰѩĶգǷǳۡ
˿̣ǿȴԶûµŮߡ
Űɫ޷ż򵥵ţп㣬ΧһɫΧ, ɫͰɫļ¶ԱȣԽĵúÿ
ƤҲǳ, ͷ˸β, Ǳ紵, Եмҡ
ŮȻ, ȴüĿһ˫۾, ·ǳ󺣡
ôվǶͺΧУѧγԱȡ
ǰ
½봽궯˶Ŀԡ
ǰҲȺһ۾Ϳ, һУǸⲻͬ, ԶԶģͿˡ
ſԼı½¶һЦݣҫۡ
ڱ½, , ʱ
, һˡ
ǰű½첽ȥ½Ҳ첽
磡Աߣһ
½ûǵֱǰ߹ȥ
û֮ǰǰӦ˵ߣ֮ͬߣ˿̣ԳŶԷȥ
½ڿǰʱ򣬿Ƶͣ½ŲָУ㣬ԼͻȻһɳ嶯
Ȼǰûпƣֱ֣˱½롣
ת˲ɿ
ͷЦݣü䣺磡ϲ𣿡
½ͷǻֻ֣ͽ뷨ȫɢ˵ϲ
վǶԣͬĻϲ
ʱոպͱ½һļ첽һ˵ѽԭСŮѽ磬ֲ˭ϣԭǲСŮ
ԣüŪۡ
Ϲ˵½ǳһ
ǰûڸǰʱ˵ʲôӦǰǰʱͲЩ
ǰҡҡͷûżЦ˵ǺãǱ½ãǰҸ粻˵ѧУʱ鷳չˡ
һСŮһСż˵Ƕʱһܳæࡪ
ѽôõչѽ
ǰãҲˣҽС
ǰӣҽС
ǰã΢𣿡

½ˣĪĵЩꡣ
֣סǰֱۣ˵ôǣ߰ɡ
ǰ˵ͷɵظű½롣
Զ
ۿѩȻôÿһСŮڵȱ½룬ŮѰɣֲѧУĸŮԭѽ
Ůÿ
ѩŴɫЩѿ
ͻȻŲȥ׷ǰͱ½롣
ǰãȻؿͻȻܵԼǰԼŮһ±ơ
ŮŤͷ½룺ʲô
½üͷ
ǰڣǡ
½ȴǳ˳֣˵ҪͲص˵߰ɣҴȥ
⻰һѩͺ죬Ҫ˳
½Բԡ֮Ҳ塣
ڣһŮ˵ԼǲصˣɼĴδ۵ף׷¡
ѩҲǲҪˣȻҪ޳ɱ½Ѿǰ뿪ȻٲҪ׷ȥ
۾뵱ڶ˿޳
ոСҲѾ׷һŮӲͷƤǸСѩܣԺϲ½ˣŮˡ
ҾϲѩһĨ۾һ߾ǿ˵
㡭ʹʲôϵɣǸŮûУҲ֪ĸѧУġ㣬ҿǡ
Ȼϲһ˲֮ͬ以ʱȵʱȴȶԼͥ
ѩԣȴ˵㶮ʲôѽòҲҡ϶ҺãʶǿҪʮ򣬻··Y¿װ
Խ˵ѩԽѹˣոճȥһ䣬оҪһǸŮһԼĶĶ
Ψһܹȵġ
žǶúá
ͬѧ
Ǻ˵ʵ㳤໹ûȹ˼ҡ
ѩʧˣǴ˿Ҳ˵˺
ﶼǳ𾪣ѩҾãԸмʶ˵гΪͷ
ɱϾسǣǮɲһϴŶʮı
ǿǶʮ
½ôƶôʶǮ˼ҵأ
ҿϵͬһ㣿
ʵǲ֪ǰԼҲ֪ǿֱļ۸֪Ļ϶ġ
ͯҺǮͯԺͰ޲ýкõĶ͵ԼոһŮǰ
ѧѧУֱֻǷǳҪġ
ǰкü飬һŵĶ鿴򵥵ġ
ʡõĸ֮һԻôһֱ治Ŀ
Ҳˣֱ֪ļֵ
ʱǰ͵½롣
½εͣ½ţ㿴ʲô
Ȼ͵ȴҪϴˡ
ǰ죬˵磬ҾøոǸŮʺ㣬㲻Ҫչĸ飡
½붼ҪЦˣ΢ͻȻʵʲôʺң
ǰһ㶡
漴ݺݵһۣ˵ʲôĶʺϣҲҪҲҪѽкӰѧϰ
ۡ½Цˡ
ǰɵǳ˿̬ȡ
½ͶЦ˵úúãҲġ
ǰ˿Ҫǵá
ǵء½ͷ
ǰߴߴ˵һ˵Уһһ·ϣһ˵ԭ׼
½΢Ц˵ÿһ仰
ʱÿһ֣ÿһ룬δܳһʱԻů
һݡ
½˵ݵܺóԣʦˣҾӦҲϲ
ǰصͷȥ
ѧż٣ݵҪҲѧвˡ
½ǰ˸£뼦档
ȵԱ뿪ǰƫͷݣªܸɾѧܶ࣬Լ۸ԱȽϵ͡
ʦǳܿ½ǰ˫ӡ
ǰæһζŨһ׾ˮ̲ס̾ͳ
½ʱʣôͻȻˣ
ˡǰҪˣϵ㡣
½ˣǻȸߡ
ǰѾͷȥͯңܹɽ亣ζҲܺͨݣһسһ
á
ǰһ¶ǣоθﶼůʱ̧ͷ磬ҽɻġ
½뿴ɻ󣬲ôͻȻ˵
ǰֵͷۿ̲סЩˣԺ󣬸粻ҪCпˣһ㣬ɻܿģкܶܶĽҡ
áû˵꣬½Ӧˡ
ǰһ㶣ɵɵ̧ͷ
½Ц˵Щ˷ʱ䣬ҪɻңҲԣֻຮٹԺѧڼ䣬ҲҪ
Ŷǰ㶵ġ
û뵽½뾹ȻӦôˬ죡
ȷʵ𳵶ʮСʱǶʮСʱԲ˯ã֪жܣ롪Ժ
ǲǲΪʲôԸңȴĽ𣿡½ʡ
ǰ㶵ĵͷѽ֪ܱҵĶԼĽΪʲôҲҪأ
½ûסÿĶͷ
Ц˵ΪʲôȱҲҪ·дģҲûпԼǮҴӴͨ·һ·𣬶ҶԣⲻҪҪںңҺܸˡ
Ƿݼҽְ̼ĺܲѧɼԣҳҲ˽ġ
ѧУҲпԽ𣬻֮ǰܵѧѺʹ˽ѧУõǮʵûô׽⡣
ҲˣܹȥCˣҲܹȥ
Դ棬ûʲôõҲţˣȥһȷʵЩǰҪԡ
ǰܹʱ׬Ǯȥǰ
½ûʲôҪͯҵĶΪ˸ǰǰҪŬȻ
ͯҿѹγһֳ
ǰԣ¶õЦݡ
֪
½벻ֹߵˣˡ
Ц½ҲЦļҵһС鼦⣬ȻȻطǰ
ǰûоܾιԼ
óԣ
½ЦüۣǾͶԵ㡣


49 
ֻҪ˾һ, ¾򵥵ļ棬ҲܳԳɽ亣ζĸоǰֻûб⼦óԵˡ
˶Ǹ, ܳԵʱһ˴, һС룬ȸɾˡ
ȵ, ǰ¶Ц, 棺, 㣡
½빴ЦЦá
ǰȥ, ʦһ䣬ԷҲЦ۾, һֱ´, ʱǷż鼦⡣
áǰҲЦӦˡ
ȵ뿪ɫѾЩ
磬ڻؼȥǰƫͷʡ
½㶣漴¶Цݣ۾䣺, ؼȥ
Ǽҡ
سȥҪԽҰ߰೵, ʱ䶼, ڻһˣ˱˳Ʊϳ
Ҳ֪㻹ϰ߲ϰɽ·
ǰ۾һʲôϰߵģǰֲûǲ֪ڻûҵĴסˣ
½⻰, תЦԴİ, סġ
ǰԴЦ
ĩôһ㻹ˡ½
ϰչ, Ҳϰ˲, Ҳѧҵ
ǰͷҡͷ
ʲôӦ½졣
ǰ̾˵Ӣûʲô⣬۲Щ֮ǰʱܽͽ۵ʱ伷Щ
ȻҲô˵½֪νġǺԼ֮ǰȣȫ꼶Ҳˡ
û£ԺȻҪѡƣƾһҪûĿԼȻҲ뷨ͰԼļƻɡ
أĩΣ֮ǰľҲǿ˵ģĩûӰɣǰƫͷ½롣
½Цû⡣
ôһ˵ǰ֪úܺˡ
ѧҵûʲô⣬ǰı½ûã½ҲίѯʣҲġ
-
ҵʱѾϾŵˣطȷʵƫҲûǰ˶ˣܶ˶ȥ򹤡
ҵķӼ¹ȥǺ֮ǰһģһȻϾɣ
䣬ûпյԵøı䡣
ǰţȴĪů
ոϵʱסĵһطҲ㡣
̵һݼ棬ҵÿ䶼ţҵĶʲô飬Ҳȫǵ
ǰȥ̱ӡ½ǰ֮ǰסķߡ
ǰҲվȥյ㿪ˮ
½룬ûоܾҪǿ˶Դ
ǻĺ½ʰãͶ˯ȥ
ǰµظͯԺͰϢź˯
CС
ڷ˰ɣûһȥҾͰˣֻǻȥס죬һѡͯԺֻЦ˵
ֻϵϢ죬ͻȻ˵Ժ⡭ʵһиǣ½ͰϾˣҲͲ꣬ھԼסڱң᲻ᡭ
ҧŴдŵǡ
ͯԺһۣҪϹ˵
룬ǳ̾һ˵ΪΪû𣿱½ʲôˣȻദãҲ˽⡣ǰߵģ֮󣬾ʱ½ôչ˰ģţʲôܷĵġ
½벻ˣͯԺܹ֪԰۰ุ֣ʦѣûʲôûɵġ
ԣҲеҲǣҸոħˡ
û£ҲΪںֻǸոǻԺͲҪ˵ˡͯԺȥǺñӡ
ͷֻšʲôʱǵطʲôûУһŮסŻ᲻òӦ
ʵ⻹ǰϹˣǰڱҵ˯
Ǻ䣬Ҳûпյ½̺ô֮󣬽ĵ̺ˣ˯ʱ¶Ѿǳů͡
ů¶ȣΡ
ڶϣǰʱ̫Ѿ
Ȼ˴ѩɽǺܺõġ
һζ
ǰ̴·߳ȥ
̨ð̣Ȼ滹гԵġ
ǰ̽ͷһ½ſڵˮܴɱգգ۾
ʵϣֻѾɱˣëˣҪ
һϴ̨ϴֻ½ϴ޷վǶָǺÿģ£棬·ŶôҪ顣
Ȼ
һֻ
ǰЦﶼǹ⡣
½̧ͷ˹΢΢㶣Σ˾ȥ緹мࡣ
ЩĶģǰûʡ
ʱԶԶһ˹ɤźܴ֣½룬ҪŹҸˣ廨⣬䣬ԡ
һ˵ţһ߾˹
ȻߺǰԣסոյĻҲȻֹһת½룡㾹ȻŸСŮСﳤҲ̫ÿ˰ɣ
۾˿ǰǰĿɿڴֿ½룬ָСҲСȻûиҳҲҪѧˣôŮѴؼˣ
ﳤúãϸƤģǡ͵ġ
뵽Ѿ¶ż
ǰ½˵ţһΣһǮллҰǮ㡣
˵ţҪϴȥǮ
ǰϽǮһǮһ߹ɺˣǰ
ǵˣһ̣Ǻչˡ
ͯǰļǰո磬Ĵоһ
Ѿˣһ𾪣㾹Ȼͯǰ
ǡǰ΢ЦһٿǮݸ
С꣬仯Ҳ̫˰ɣҶûϣȫˣǰֺݣŻؼС꾹Ȼͳ˸СŮҲ̫ÿ˰ɣȻǮĴС㣬ģˣҲˡ
ɤŲСҪô࣬ʮǮ͹ˡ
Ҳʲôǿǳֱס
ǰҲʼ΢Цֽһջȥһʮ
Ѿͷڵİòãʡ
ǰͷǶҺܺá
ѽʲôʲôûУԺǺúڳǮӰɣɴɤš
ǰ΢Цһ硣
Ѿͷı̫ÿˣҲ֪ǲǷˮ⣬糤úÿȻǱˣȴҲôÿ
˶٣ͻȻѹʣǼôǮôûлȥûбżЩżͥǲǶŮķǳ
ǰ
ǲ֪˵ʲôǺá
½Ա߿ڣӦûڴɣȥ𣿡
ǣҵȻȥˣѾͷҪпգѽ˵˵ͷ뿪ˡ
½Σ㲻Ҫϣ˾ԸЩҲչˡ
֪ǰϾչǡǰ¶ϵ΢Ц
ʲôģ˶Ǻģֻλνš˽ⶼԵӾ磬Щʲô߰ʶҲ֡
ȻΪˡ
ϲΪˣɼı仯ж󡭡
½ˣ˰֣ϣȥԷɡ
ֻ
áǰӦˣתӡ
-
Ȼ£½뻹Ǿܸǰõġ
ֳ廨ˡ
ˣǰ͸æĬܿͽ緹á
˶ܳԣ˳˴롣
극ϳɽʳҲǿѩ
ȻȥɽѩôˡǰñӣɽЩȣΧѾȡ
д˵Ļ͸ӣҼǵСʱرɽ棬岻òҲ׼һ̫ˣ㣬ұġ
½ЦѽɽʱһˣһˤһӣȻûʲô¶̺һ
˵꣬˶΢΢һ١
ǰЩͣ¶𾪡
ոΪʲôǻԼСʱһ㣬ȻȻͻˣ
ʵļ䣬ȻǾԼСʱ
½뿴ɫЩԣæתƽɽɣҪȥء
áǰ˴ԼһЩ
˸ոɱ½ͷתҪɽ
顪ʲôҵ½ıϡ
ͷǰЦݲã׵ֻѩͷ
½Ц˳ץ˰ѩҲӹȥ
磡ûңǰЦϵѩȥתܡ
½Цȥ׷
磬Ǳɽϴѩ̣һ硣
ȵɽһξԵ顣
ȻǰóԿòܲܽ븴ǲܰٷְٱ֤
ڶһ磬ǰͱ½һȥϼ
ͷ˵ֵȵȣҪĶˡ
ʱ򻹲Щʱ򣬵½ûֹһһ
֪ǰ߹ֻ꣬ҪˡҲˣֻҪ֮ǰҪõĶϡ
ųϦ죬һҪǵȥ
˾ڼгԵģʱȥɡ
ǵģɡ
Եĳɼͳˣܲܽ븴ԣͿԲõ
㻹ǵÿ𣿡½ʡ
ǰͷҼǵãЩң磬ɡ
½¶εЦݣҲǿԼȲ˳Եĳɼ
ֻһۣصЦŻͷˡ
磡Ҷûģ
ˡ½˵
ǰΣԼĿţ½Ͻ飬˿̣ʵһš
ɼ˳һ٣ǰʮġ
Ҳ˸ԡ
ǰ磡ҹˣ
½Դͷţˣǰ
߳ȥǰһ·鶼ܺá
ȵ·ϵʱ˵磬ǲ֣
Ǹʾ䣬ȴǿ϶
½ͷ
ǵģ㿼ҵȻǸѽ´̼Ҿʲô˵ѽȻ֣ɹ˾ʮҲǷǳģǰȥ䡣
½ƫͷʹ󣬿ϴҴˣ´βˡ
ʱĳɼûȷʵʧϾһϰ֪Ŭ͸
ǰߺ
½룡Ȼ㣬ҲģԺٲҴţҾʰˣ
ǰҪûûС
½룡½룡½룡

·ܿǰ·ܳϦ䡣
˵Ӱȴ޼䡣
죬ǵأмǡ
-
ǰ˵ȥߴˡ
ҵʱС꣬ͯҺͰ׼ҵҪͯҳԷ꣬ûȥһ
ϣ½ȥһֻ׼ɱ˸ԣɱ˼󣬾㶶Ƕǰˣɱļûд
ϽվʰҡҴ⡣
׵ЩˣһվЩ΢Ρ
ǰסҡҡͷ磬ʱЩˣԵɡ
á
硭չ˺Լ
ţҲǡ½Ӧƽ޳
һֱϵЦȴʧǰҲûɺͻԾ
˶ЩĬ
ôɵɵһʱ͸ˡ
½̾վ߰ɣȥسٳ԰ɣȥ
سûлģ
ǰԸ⣺̫ԶˣҲҪҡ
㡣½̧ͷķ
ǻһ·ദʱ䡣
ǰͻȻͺ۾ͷ
ǣһ·תٵ
ʱˣҲߡ
ȥɣʱЩˡ½˵֣ơ
ǰ򴽣ֱߡ
½뿴ıӰָקָġ
˼ͣ£ܻٿıס½룬ʣ磬ǶͣѵõѧУ
á½죬мɳơ
ǰ֣תߡ
ƵԴ绰ɷֱʱôܣ졭
̫ˡ
ǰۿЩ죬ûлͷ
ǻټġ
ǶŬøõԼȥԷ
½һֱıӰһֱҲû뿪
֪Ϊʲô˿ĲôŨңŨҵĲ͵ڱ濴ͯ˴һ㡣
ȴֲһ
ﲻһ½Ҳ֪
-
ÿСͯ˺Ͱ׼˶ͯԺۣûͯһңЩ֪ݻ˵
ǰŻģôѽ
ԺҲǵģôͿٹأⲻǶͯҵ𣡡
Ҳǲͷ̫żˡ

ֻšҺͯûڡ
ЩԶףЩָߣҲ˵ʲôֻЦš
Ҳ˺ܷˣȻͻȻ˵ǲǻԭǸȥˣ
ţʱ䣬ӦѾCˣ¾ͻ¶ЦݣŴ
ոջ˵ͯϵһǣ˵ǰ
ѽҲӦȥˣǱʲôŵġ
ѽ˵£ǳôôأ
ЩˣǵЦݾ壬ֻǻȥֲǻȥͲˣǶ֧ġ
ˣҲ˵ˣͯϢľͯԺˣҲǡ
ǣһͯԺýס֣Цʣ˵ɼʫͮͼϻã𣿡
⻰أ˵ģȻ£ɼĺãʫͮпɼǿǹ˺ģɼǻã
⡭Щˡ
ǰȼϳɼû˵Ǻʫͮ
һ¿ʫͮãпǰãĩɼɻûѽ
ͷգڸϰûðɣ
Щɣ֪ô˵ˡ
ʱ򣬸ոջںͼͯԺֻ
üɫ裬ǴЦһĽ͵⣬һ˵
ĩɼˣȫ꼶塣


50 Ա
ͯԺĽ, ˵仰ʱдŵĶǡŮţơŮ̫ˡôľŮ
ćNɪϸһᡣ
Ҳһϲ, ۾ѽ
ȻģѧУĶšͯԺλϵֻ
̽һЦݲõ׼ոʻЩ, ɼͦõģ¿ʱǵھ, п, ĩǵˡ
ͯԺͷѽ, ׼, ΪĩԼһûиϰ, Ҳȫ꼶壡
ǵҳûʲô׷, ֻҪӲѧͺá
ͯԺ⣺ܹȲǾ֪ˣ
ˣ
˵ĻɴԼ˵ˣ
ʲôûϰãҲ˵塱Ǹϰˣڼ
ʲôûʲô׷Ȳͺáⶼ͵, ȲҪõһ𣿣
ڳͯ˶̼Ĳ, ȴòϡ
㡣
һֱ, ȻҲûûˡ
ǿǶȫ꼶壡Ҷӵڶжʱǰһٶȥ
е꼶壬Ժ󻹲ʲôôѧϣ
ǡĽѽ

ͯҸոһͯǰʱȻҶ˵, Ҳпһžˡ
Ƕ֪, ͯŮһ, ɼ, ҲûʲôõĽΪ˴ҲôǮϰߣС
ʱǻ̾ͯŮеĽ̡
ôŰȥȻһɼرõŮˣ
ǿɲǳɼãǳɼرã
ҪǱر㣬СëǿԺӵѽ
ǡĽ
ͯһƬĽ֮׼ֻ˰̺ͰʫͮһˣһͰϵıãûˡ
Ǳ߶ǿǴЦݣ߿ԱǶЦݽӲɬŮ
ʣʫͮأ㿼ô
ʫ̻ͮ񣬽߿Աߵ÷裬һҳɼ
˵⻰ʱ򣬼ڴǺ¡
Ҫ϶Ǻ¸࣬Ͼ֪ԼǰĿ΢΢
һεѣԼҲû׵ġ
Ȼ÷ɼʱ΢΢һ䡣
һʱ䣬Ȼû˵
üʫͮѾֶֻһۣͫһֻֽϵѿ
˵׷ʡ
ʫͮɳƣʮ
ԣ̵ɫҲѿ
ʫͮ˶ˣ߶һط
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôԼʮΪʲôǵ壿
εôѣַʱôῼôأ
ʫͮ˶סˣѹǲš
ǰ֪뷨ôһѲơ
ǰûиϰãҲ̫Ϻȣ̫ˣ˵۳ɼ˲֪ٷ֡
ڰʫͮ˵߶Ȼֻ½һֽ
-
ǰ֪ͯĳɼðʫͮ𾪺ͷŭ˿ոյCС
ոճվͱͯǲӵˣ׼ȥҽǰģܾˡ
һͯǲһϲȴ˵ţӴ㻹֪ѽһΪҪֲ˼ˣǲǽСۻᣬͲˣ
̫ˡ
ǰȴֻһۣû
۾ЩģԾϿ޹
ͯǲ۾͸ζˡ
ô᲻
Ȼ޹ˣ
ͯǲߣϽϳɣ͵ˡ
˵꣬Լתߣֻû̫죬⻹󿴣עûиϡ
ǰ֪ôˣҡҡͷȥ
˵ҵʱѾ㡣
һʽһЩҲúʡ
ǽŵʱ涼ЦͯǲһžʣЦʲôأôˣ
ڣͯԺһۣ㻹˼ʣ㿴㿼Ƴɼ
ɼˣͯǲԣԼֻ
ȻȺѾըˣͯǲ㿪ļԼ
ͷһϲЦ˵ⲻǿͦõȫ꼶ʮ壬һûôõĳɼأ
˵ʱ󿴣ȻǰߣԽˡ
ɣ
ֽˣ
ͯԺ֣ס䣺ͯǲǳϢˣһȫ꼶ʮ͇Nɪȫ꼶壡
ͯǲ
ҿ
ͷŵؿǰ
һ߸ϰһ߸ϰĩԣһ컹ðѾͷܿȫ꼶壿
ô𣿣
ͯǲˣ漴Ǳߡ
֣ǰҪǿɼ϶ǿҵģΪʲôҪңҲҪͰȣûñȣ
ͯԺĮûжԱȣû˺
ͯǲ
Ŷ䣬һίضһߡ
ãõķǳʹģ
ͯԺѾЦݲõؿǰ߹ȥԴ
ǰЦллְ֡
ܿ鵱ȻҲǺõģϾεĵҲͦϲģĵĻԼķԼȫ꼶
Ժ϶ưġ
Ҳǰȥͯҵݡ
ǰͯҹĵһ꣬ܶͯҲǵһμոջʱֻ׵ݣŵԶ׶û
ǵһʽ档
ôܣôкȻ˵ĸо飬ȴҲ󷽣ϲ
Щͯҵݲľˡ
Ȼôÿ𣿣ֱͲԺŵ㳤
ѽΪǲѾÿˣԭаôµģ
Ǽһ̫ˣ⻹û󣬵ԺſˣǱЩǻҪÿ
ӴӴɼôãʵ̫ϲˣ

ǰΧſޣһ
ʼմЦݣӦЩ󷽣
ԶʫͮšԼȲ࣬Լѡ
꣬ʱڰߵԼͯϣͯûԼ㣬ͨҲǿࡣ
죬ǰˣ˲ˣǶΧǰޡ
ҲǣͯҵСֱԼ㣬ٿĳ࡭
ʫͮҪûˡ
ԱߣѹȲͱţûϢ
⻰˵꣬վ˵ҹȥˡ
ǰǺ£ŮȻѾ˲ŮˣŮͯѾеͬˣȻῪġ
աͯʮûŮȻաסǰŮ⡣
ɻˣҲţˣ̹ǰ֣Աһȣȫ˲ϱˡ
ʫͮεվԱߣˣԼԱߣðʫͮ¡
ǱߣЦſޣ󣬲ǲԺŮǰɼûôã㿴ˣɼˣ
ǰ΢ЦֻЦݲ۵ףһҲȡ
ͯǲˣǰɼûŬҪ׼Ŭˣ϶ͯǰţ磬㣡
ǰһۣ΢Цҵţɱֽнˡ
ͯǲ
˶٣߷ߣҿ϶ᳬģ
Цݲãøã
ҲЦպг
ʫ֪ͮ϶ΪãǴ˿˵ĶǰոշҲĴЩʧȥǡ
ǣˣʣҪҪԣԿôã㾺ˣ
꣬˵߶
ʫͮһ漴ա
ôô嶯
ǰΣӦʵģ
ǰҲ΢Цûԣʮģ׼ˡ
ЦݽӲԼ
ǰЦأοô


51 ʵ
ǰǷ͸, Ҳˣֱʳ⡣
ʫͮúò֪֪˼, Բܿǰģ
ֻҪûǰ壬ԼͲ˼˵ˣùԹԱ, Ҫˡ
Ȼ, ʫͮһ, ǰ̫ͻȻ, ķӦҲ˿
죬ֻ˵ҿò簲Ͳ˵ˡ
˵, ͷЩĵģ
һ£˾Ͳ׷, ̫ˣΪʫͮǫ顣
ЦŽһ䣺ʫͮɼһǺܺõ, òʵҲˣѧʱΪ˵ھſһ, 꼶϶
û뵽ʫͮ治ǫ, ΪôǰʮֿԵЩҫһΡ
ͯǮ˼ңҲͶرͥĺӿ, , ⷽûʲôɱȵġ
˽ﲻ, ɼָ, ӣǾǼһˣ
궼ҫʫͮǰ̫ˣҫǰʫͮڣˣ˳ҫ
⻰İʫֱͮˡ
ҧһ鶼ҪˣŻڣûáʮ
ֵʱ˵÷ǳ߳ܣ΢΢ͷ
Ҳһ㶣ʫͮôʮ֮ˣ
ɼ»Щѽ
ңӿѧʼÿοԶкˣ
ʱ϶ΪʲôֻæЦ˵ʮҲܺˣ꼶ʮҲȥʲôѧȥʲôѧˣֻ´λҪŬøЩźá
Ҳ͡
ѽҼǸҪԺܿ꼶ʮҿ϶ζЦѣ
ǸСżҼǸ֮ǰеʱûǰʮ
̺ӡ

ڸ̾䣬ֽתƵǰϡ
ѽո˵ľʲôѽ
ѽĩôãμʲô𣿡
ǰЦŻش
ʱֶΧ˵Ҳעת˹ȥЦݲõĺЩ˵Ż
ʫͮԱߣֻϻġ
հ׵Ĳ֪ݣͯǰͯѪֵñǿްɣ
Щ˿ûôĿޣ
ԼܹһֱͯǰҲͰˣЩҪҲԽԼڡǶԷԼ
ɬʱԱߣͯǲ߹˱ˮȡ
ʫͮЦЦǲ磬ãǺͰԶˡ
룬ǰΪעģͯҴү᲻˿̺Լһ
ʫͮڲ˵ʲôذʾһ䵹ûʲô
Ȼ
ͯǲ֣صͷǺ㣬ĩ壬Ǿôã˵ѾͷôģǵԴôͲأ
ʫͮ
ͯǲˣûãҲû棬ȲϱȲϡ
ʫͮ
֮һ仰û˵ˣܡ
-
ðʫͮ˵ϣǰȻȫ̴ЦʵҲûˡ
ϲӦݡ
Ǹʱ䣬ǰȥ飬ߺͱ½Ƶʵ飬ǶӦݺá
ǱܲģֻЦӦԡ
ͯԺ⵹Ǻܸˣȵ˶ˣ˻ȥ
ۣھͿʼѹǮ𣿣ͯǲԲ۾
ͯԺһۣѹǮ˵ǸοԵĽȻ㲻簲úãҲȷʵԣһ
һΪֶҺˣЦŽӹһڡ
ʵϣǰȷʵ̫ãָԼкУȻҲǸ˵ġ
ͯԺְǰͰҪʣһʾģһĩģ
˵֣ǰԴ
óǶܸˣǰҲЦŽӹлл֣лл衣
ȻӹЦøˡ
Աͯǲըëιιι㲻лһ𣿣ңôĵô㣿
ǰգգ۾ҲҪѽ㣬㲻һֱҪӮ𣿡
ͯǲ
ӮǰҲȫ꼶塭

ǾӲѣ
ȻգҲ֪ԼӲڵʱ򣬻Ӳ
ţҿ϶һᳬģ
ǰЦˡ
ͯԺͰҲЦÿģͯһ˷Χǳá
ǰصʱʮ㣬̫
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ԲΪżٻؼҶϰΪڼңѧϰûôţҪһϰ̡
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ǰ̱ɳϣһĴͣȻƣۡ
ͯǲײײֱۣһǹֶûһŮӣ飿
ǰƿһջ̾
ͯǲ˸ۣ룬չѹ˵ɲҪ賿ʲôöɱ࿴
ǰ
ģңҺ˽ʮϽֵܡϲϷҲŮӣ
ǰô˵ʮϽֵܵ𣿡
Ҫ⣬ǾͲֵܣͯǲ˵նһûб˵Ρ
ǰȣվֱ¥
ͯǲںҪǵ˵Ļѽ
ǰ˸ۡ

ǿɲġ
¥󣬷ֻ½緢Ϣ
ļ
ҽʵĽ㿴
ǰûļæظ
磬㻹ûؼʮˣ
һŻظ
ţȥ
ǰһΣ뵽Լһڼҹ꣬ô壬ؼˣӦҲüįɣ
һͷ;ؿЩۡ
ǰĵȷһͷǱ½ĻӦþûʲôɡ
ϾܹԼ϶ȥѧϰϵʱ䣬һˣӦáͲį˰ɣ
ɲɣ
Ҳؼҹ꣬һпܷģӰѧϰ
˾ͺãͲõӰѧϰˡ
ǰͯǰͱ½飬ǡ
ǰһ鿴
ÿ˵ıȻҪúó󣬾ʵĳǰ飬ԲԼΪ
ǰͷ顣
-
ʮ
ͯҷǳ֣ͯԺͰææ⣬ǰ߹ĵһ꣬Ҳȫž۵ĵһ꣬ش
ͯǲͯԺææ⣬ҵ֡
ǰŰ׼ҹߵ֣ǹű½룬ûбֳ
ͯôõգΪԼƻˡ
Ȼ߹꣬ٵǱ½룬ҲͲҪֳˡ
ʱMء
½ŵҵģҲǸ˽һ೵
ʱѧУʵ飬ŸŻġ
ҺھӶЩ룬ֻܹñ½оǹˡ
Ҳһɽ̡
ʱʱˣ֪һˣȥǼҹ½Ϳܾˡ
Ϊ֪δǻӭġ
ǿˣ½ͼ顣
ֿʼѩˣɽϵѩû½봩ѥһһӡɽԱȱ˵֣һȷʵԵ塣
ֻһϤ
½ޱͻȻ¶ЦݣֻóǰϢ
磡ҲҪʼˣҲæ³ͼͼͼ
ǵúúøԼһҹϴЩҪӴ
Ŷˣǵ÷űڣ߲ܷţڼҷҾ͵ˣҪעⰲȫӴ
Ϧ֣磬
½ЦԽԣ΢΢ůˣˣˡ
ֻظһ䡪
ţҺܺãúù꣬Ϧ֡
ظ֮󣬽ֻװڶŲɽ
½ԼˣǰԼҲúù꣬ĸˣмл
Ӳķĸ˷Ͳˡ
½ȥ˱ڣһŷǰݣš
ıţҹ֮ǰűڣԴʱǴԵ÷ǳ֡
½Լһԡ
Щû
º󣬻㱼񿴼һǴỌ̇̄һССġİ
̡

½ۿЩ죬߱ҲģšģİԷͷǰ
УͱһԴЦ绨Ů
֪Ǳһˣɹʹ½һ꣬ڶ档
еʪɢȥ󣬷ָԭİģ
½һ꣬ûʲô飬Ҳûöóԡ
ﰲֻһ˳Էį

ֻһƫͷһۣǰϢ
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һЦһŵĶè̬䡣
½ҲЦ


54 ̵
ֻһͷǰոհ˽, 󷢸˱½룬֪˿϶һڼҵģǶôǿ, ܻмįʱ
ָֻܱͼƬߴߴɢļį
ѽӵݹ
ãǰӦˣֻæȥ
ͯҵҹǺֵ, ȷʵһնô߳, ﰢ̷żˣǱڼԻ, Ҳ֡
ȫһģǰ, ͯǲġ
϶ϲϡ
ǿ, ҲǸӡ
, õĽҲͯԺЦŵ٩ǲ, ĽԼˣɲҪˣ
ͯǲӲҳԣ
ǰͰֻЦ
ȵһ׼ʼҹʱ, ͯԺһΪҳҪʼˡ
ǰ˿ֵĴΪ֡
ȿȣΪϹǲͰİְ˵䡣
ͯԺҲе㲻˼˳ᢵİܣܿ, ᣺ǼԲСˣ
ո, ͯǲ̹ƣӭ
񾭲
ͯԺһۣƶ
, ˼˵⼸£պܺã㣬ǲҲԽԽ㣬ҺǾ;ÿ㡣ϣǼµһ꣬ؼһ֣ҸϣӰְܼ׬Ǯؼңϣչ˼ͥϣ£չãϣùÿģһҸС
ͯԺЦžƱһðְ֣չ˼Ҳú׬Ǯɱ
һ裬չ˺ǣɱ
ͯǲһø磬չѾͷģɱ
ǰ
̲ס¶Цݣţ̣һŮúŬɱ
˱һָ߸˺ȥ
ιոӦ˵õģͯǲԽԽԣۡ
ǰ΢Цø˵
ͯǲ
-
֣ʱֻͨһ죬ش֮һͱüѰˡ
Ǵڡ
ǰԼܸоһȥոӺˣ֮ǰ·ЩӦҲʧˡ
ܹоļҡ
ָоǰᣬĵеů⣬Ҳˣڼúܿġ
ܶȥ׼ңҲûӰ쵽顣
ʫͮС챻̼ˣ춼ܰûǰҩҲûʲô۶ӡ
ƽƽȹ
һ磬ǰʰ׼ȥѧУʵ顣
Ҫ漸ɣĲôࡣҲŸո𴲣ǰ׼ţʱһǳ
ͯԺһ¥ģԵͷǳ֧֡
ͯǲ緹ǲġ
ǰԼԼһţ̣һš
ԣЦҡҡͷˣҪ˶þҪʼˣʱţһкöʵ鲻ȥѧУϰһ¡
ó꣬վ죺裬ҾˣѧУԣûз꿪ٻ
עⰲȫѽ
áѾԶ
ͯԺͰһۣһΡ
Ǻ̫棬̫棬һǲĵѽ
-
ǰʵҵʱⶰ¥ûʲôˣҲͱְš
شʵҵţʼ׼ʵ顣
ʦʮģǰѾˣЩԾġ
ˣ
ʦáǰصͷѽʱš
˵ţͷʵ顣
ʦһ߿аӣһʵǰ£Ĳ衣
ȵǰʵ꣬ͻȻ˵Ȼ̤ʵΪûо飬ܽҲǸոչҪõóɼʵѡ
ǰһ٣Σû취ȷʵû飬̤ʵܱȲ̤ʵãߵʲô̶ȣ͵ʲô̶Ȱɡ
𣿡ʦͻȻʡ
ǰãȻ
ʦҪңҪͰҵļƻϰ
ǰһ㶣漴ЦʦԸָңҵȻܸˣôܲԸأ
ôңʵҲװѧʲôѧ㱦ʱ䣿ʦʡ
ǰʧЦʲô˵ˮƽһжϵģ֮ǰָܸܿߣԸָҵȻҼ˱ˣ
ʦҲЦˣһΣѾͷͦ飬Ҳϲġ
վǰʵֲӵһȥ
ȻҪμӾҪ֪ʲôҪʲôףҪ֪ʲôֲòϵģ̫壬ҪֻҪԴתÿ죬룬ûҲ̫оԴû취ܻľ⡣ʱ䲻ˣֻܴӡ
ʦȫ˻ᣬһûдʦеͺͷ
˵ǰѧʼЩˣ˵˶ƽʱĵɵȻȫˡ
ǰ𣬾ͱеÿһǰδ˽ľ
ȫעųʦ̸ݡ
˿̣ΪԵɺϣΪµţʽǰˡ
棬ǳ󺣣˲Ϣĺ档
ʱͿռ䣬ʡ
ǰΡ
-
̫ˣҸоʦҵȫ֮ǰδ뵽ģԭܶ뷨һҪֻҪԼ˼󣡡ǰһݡ
Ƶͷı½Ҳ࣬ǰѾʦĸˣҲǴ˿̣֪λʦ治ͨĸʦ
һЩ뷨͹۵㣬ȱ½Ƶ濴ĽǵĹ۵㻹Ҫ档
κһ֪Ĳ
ȵǰ˵꣬½ʣ˵Ϊʲôϧţ
ǰҡҡͷҸоϧţǡҵĳɹ֤ʲôʦ϶ܣ
½ͷţȷʵ򵥡
룬˵ڼȻĽ㣬㹧ѧС
ǰصͷ¶Цݣ磬һᶼٷ㡣
Ƶ棬½¶Цݡ
֪ʦʲôϲǰʲôҪ̬ȡ
ǰԣЩǿԷ½룬ʲôǷܹô˳İĪĹϵ
˷ʱΪʼǣôأ
Ϊгʦʵ飬ǰܹԸоԼĽһγ֮ǰֿǰָһ£ȫȫһ߽⣬һߴǰһЩʵ顣
̵ʵӸӣܶ඼ǺüʵһѶȷǳߡ
ǰÿ뿪ʵңؼҺԹͱ̿飬֮ǰģǰһȫ
ʦ̵ĺܶණǰ֪ÿϹ֪ܽʶҪҹ
ܳһʱ䣬ǰԷʱ˼
ͯȻ״̬ΪȣҵͯǲҲǲҴֻܶЩóԵͶι
ͯǲÿֽǰ˵˼βҲֻνܡ
εͬʱҲܸж
-
ѧǰһ죬ǰڶ˳ʦõһʵ顣
ǺüСʵں壬˵ǳԣҲҪӴ֪ʶϵ
ʦҲ¶Цݣúܺá;Ϊ㿸סĽ࣬Ҳϣû뵽㾹ȻܹסҲܺõĸˡ
ǰ˼ЦЦʦ̵úãллʦ
л˵ģǰҡʦͣһ£ЦˣҵĽ̵Ѿ׽֮ҾͲˣԼúоɡ
ǰһ㶣漴ãȻʦ
ܽĶˣĶܹԼѧģĿҪԼоʦ˵
ǰó˵ģ򴽣ʮȾϹ
ʦлл
úÿԣԺټ棬ֻαϵ֪ʶˣͰɡʦǰļ򣬶ת뿪ʵҡ
ǰıӰһκʦϵʲô£
-
һѧڿѧѧûʲôֻʦѧ֮ϤˣһѧֱӿʼϿΡ
ǰϿѧϰ¿θϰĩʵĽࡣ
ǣµףȫѧĸʽʼˡ


55 
ĸȳѶȾ͸˺ܶ, һʮ۷ּʮʵ֣ܷٷġ
˵μӳԵʱǰﻹû׵ģǲμӸԵʱ̬Ѿȫˡ
ʱͱ½һֱƵ֪̽ʶʵ鲿Ҳʦץ, ʵʱ, ֪ʶһ˽, Ҳ, е˺ܶࡣ
ʡĸԻCУһǰĳϹȥ
Сʱ֪ʶۿ, ȻǱ仯ˣ
ǰѾ׼, ڿЩϡʱ, Ҳ΢΢һ
ڣзΧ, ԶܿĲֶǲܳԾϵġ
ȻЩΪͷ, ǰȫ˳
һ飬ʱŵ
ͯǲĳǰͷ, ͯҲǰԻ, Ӱ翼ԡ
Ȳȵϣͯǲʡ
ǰҡҡͷ¿еʳ, ҺȵˮͿˡ
ʵ鿼ҲСʱ, ٺЩˮץʱ俼ԣȥ䡣
Զʱ, СĳС, Ե÷ǳ档
ͯǲԱ߿, ĪЩ, ôɰСѾͷ, ˵ʱҲǹԹɵġ
ôɰСѾͷӦ浽󣬿ڣĩֻڳԷ
ǣͯǲ̲סֹһ䣺㲻ΪʲôҪμӾ治𣿡
ǰһۣûش
ǰԲװ˺ܶ෹ˣǰûʲȥˡ
ЩΪѵؿһ۷С
ͯǲһֱԱ߹עæ˵ԲˣϽҰɣ۾˯
ǰͷͯǲлл
ͯǲЩ˼΢΢һ죬³ؽӹУߣϽϴ˯ץʱ䡣
ǰ¶һ΢Ц
ξѡĿܱߵЩƵЩԶ忪ǷҲͣڰĵط濪ůĿյ
ǰԱ㣬ҲЩˣ˯
ͯǲڳܿǰȵĺ
һûһ
棬мСܵ棬֡
ͯǲС򿪳³š
ʲôȥһȥͲº͵ģһİ۾ȻᣬǰѼСŵòУվԭأû˵Ҳû뿪
ˣͯǲ
ȥǱɣԵġ˵ţӶͳһٿǮ
СѱĻǺܲһҡҡͷ
Сܿ
⼸ϽϣһСС飬ͯǲϵǮͦĶġ
ƾƣϽ˵Ҫİ˵ǮϣܣǰСһ
λƾƵСѾͷջĶߣһСк׷ȥкţ硪ȵң
ҵ㣬ˤֿޱӣ
ءҲŲޱӡ
ޱӣ
СкһһߵС׷ϣСһԶ
Χ°
ͯǲʧķ̾˵ĸӡ
ǰСʱһҲʱɣ
ű飬š硱硱硱ָڴӵĺ档
ϧ
ŵĲԼ
չҲԼ棬̫ССԼȵҲԼһһ߻ŵɲԼ
ǰһֱͯң֮ദ϶ɣ
ӣҲǰࡣ
ͯԺͰԸĸȱϯĹȥʮ꣬ԼҲȱϯǰʮ
ⱡ½롭Ӧõ
ͯǲһĪź
֪Сʱǰʲôӵģһʱʱʮʱ
Сʱûǣûб۸ޱӣûиڸƨɺ棿ûСݸ磿
ݡͯǲһִ۾ûˮ
ͷ۳ڣŲ棬Ѿͷһ۾˯
ͯǲ׼ϳģոѾһţٴ򿪣һô죿
Ϣʱ̣ú˯һɡ
-
ͯǲʱ佫ǰոǰЩ£˯ƵԭԱѹһ飬۷ſգ͵ؿһطɵɵġ
ûסЦ˳֣ǰԴһ࣬ͷ߰ġ
ͯǲǰץСͷϡ
Сʵ̫Ƿˣ
ͯǲƤЦٺٺ٣ǰһ£㿴ھ˰ɣϽʰʰҪȥ׼ˡ
ǰһֵһۣ˿ˮûҶȣֻһڡ
ʰö³
ͯǰѽͯǲӳ̽Դüɫ衣
ǰ̲סһ漴˵ϻҵȻŬѽ
˶٣˵䣬ؼȥȵҾͿˣ
֪ͯǲĹģЦǸɵӡ
ǰҲЦݣ첽ѧУ
-
ĿԵصʵңȥԼ鵽Ŀʵҡ
һҶͬһʵ飬ǰܲ鵽һȽϼ򵥵ġ
ʵԵʵǰԣǷǳ򵥵ġ
ʵʱиͷʦܲӦԡ
ܿ죬ҡҡͷרʵ顣
Ҳɺϣһʵ鿼ԣʢپȻ鵽ͬһ͸Ľࡣ
ǰڽʱһۣǸ濼ԡ
ûȥעˣʵ鿼ֳʦƷ֣Ȼֻռʵ鿼Էһ֣Ҳһ㲻ܶġ
ǰ¾ʵ򵥣ʵ鲽ҲǳϤһʵ飬һ
һʵ飬һ߼¼ݣдʵ鱨档
ԱʦȥȥûзȥһҲѧʵ飬ʵ鱨档
ǰҲ⣬˹ţҲ˹дš
ȵ˻϶ˣǰҲԼı棬Ͻȥ
࿼ʦһۣȵߺֳ棬һ֡
ѾˣЩ䡣
һǰͽ˽Լ·һ
㿼ˡ
ͯǰһ𣬡Ҳ̫ϸ˰ɣҶþˡ
ǰ̧ͷʢ١
Ȼһ£ܿع񣬿΢ЦϸһҲã³
˶٣ʣʲôʲô𣿡
ʢƺڿ۾¶ЦݣҲûʲô飬㽻һ¡
˿˹˹ĵģҲзâһ־ᶨȡˡ
ǰȻȻҪԼ¶Цݣܺ㽻ҵҡ
˵ţ˱һߡ
㿼ôʢʡ
Уأ
ҲСʢ¶Цݣ˵ѧĩãѧһŬģҲͣСıҳ
Ȼڷźݻǰȴᣬйɶ־
Ц˵ȫ꼶һô˵ң
ʢüЦ㿴Ƴɼ˭ǵһﻹ֪ܲ
ֽ׶θһǸһһǰػظ
ʵɼոճ濴ȫ꼶ĳɼƵһʢֻ֡
ĿķҲߣǰĿƵͣ˵
ʢܷȫ꼶һĿǰҲǰְ࣬ѡĸƣ֮һ
ûжǰ仰ʲôʵϣǰǵһǵڶȼ˶־ѧһҪػصһ
ʢ˵εľѧУμӵҲ٣Ļһе־ڱصãǵĿǡƥˡ
ǰͷһƫͷʢ٣أ
ңʢ¶ЦݣøͿˣҲǿϣҲ׼Ժѧ
Ҳ˵̹ȻǰûΪʲôѧȴμӾ
һûһţôһֱĵУſڡ
ԶԶģǰͿͯǲ
ΧŮһغ˵ŻӦš
ԶԶǰʢ߳ƲŮ첽
ιͯǰԶԶģͺš
ǰ¶Σתʢ˵Ҿˡ
ãټʢٿ΢Ц
ټ
˵꣬ǰҲͯǲ߹ȥŲ
ȵߵһַļ۾ʢ٣˭ոôһ
ǰͬѧ
ðɡͯǲӣҲ֪ԼҪǰͬӴ
룬вҪԶǣ
ǰ
ˣǰ໻λû
ǰ
㻰أ
ǰˡֻû
տѧʱľǰе칫ңҪ˭Ҫĸλãš
ǰ˵һţ˭ν
ϲһţһſԼѧϰ࣬ʱʱ̱̿ʦţһΧҲˡ
һŴһѧڣϰߵġ
ľһʼͬ⣬ǿͬˡ
ǲҪǼһ𣬵֪Էôģλʱһŵͬ
ǰҲ൱Ρ
ͯǲȻˣ˿Ǿͺã賿ϲ⣬㷴Զ㣡Ǹзģ֪ŮΧԶŰȫ
ǰ
ʵûס˵ҲѽոԱ߾ŮΧţ
ͯǲҺһұ
ǰô˵ɣ˾ͺá
˳ųȥ
ͯǲߴߴ粵
ģҶŮӺܸɴ࣬ÿϲҵģҶ˵ˣŲǣ
Զ㣬Ǻ
ǰһεţȻûʲôŮ֮飬һ˵һԴͯ¼֮ǶÿŮ˱ᣬһĿռ䶼
ž˶ףҲֱӾܾģԺͯǲĲһ
ǰֻô²⣬û뵽ڶ֤뷨
-
ĩĸڶһ
ѧڲŸոտʼѧϰȻҲûرš
ǰλϿ飬ǿ飬ƵĿһи
Ǳ
ͷ󺹵ǰԱߣЦݲãιãϲ
ȡǰͷҲ̧
룬˵Ҳȣ׼س·ӣǻٺϣȰ׿ˮá
ǰͣ±ʣ̧ͷأ
ţصͷˣл飡ôŬǲȻɼҲܺãҿɲ̫Ϻˡ
ͦõġǰЦЦͷϰ⡣
ǴӲ濴ǰٷǳÿҲͷǳ£ͦСɵıӣȻǺÿĴԼŨ̵ͦĽë
ſţĿ
ΣͻȻʣáôѽ
ǰڼ㣬仰Сû̧ͷɻո˵ʲô
ûû˵ʲôЩ͡
ʱ򣬺
ơͬѧһŮ
Ǻǰ˹ȥǸԲԲСǳɰ
˿ͺ죬óһɫŷ⣺Ǹͬѧģ
˵꣬Ǿܡ
ü壺ȵȣ
˺ͣ£ŵؿǡ
óϲǣԴͯϡתѧ֮˶֪Ѿû˻ͯϡ
ЩһֱϲСҲڹˡ
˶ѧϰ˼ҲţҲԸһԣźġ
䣬ŷ⻹һǰδеࣺϲˣ㲻ҪϲңҾúᷳԺҪٸд飬ҲҪٹעˡ
⻰˵Ǿܾзǳġ
ȻǸɰС۾ˡ
Һһţ˵Сע⵽ûˡ
ȵСˣǰſǣոյĻǲҲ̫ˣ
ڶԷ˵ϲˡ⻰ǰֻΪǷܵĻ
˵ҲϲҲ׼ϲǵȻҪ˵ףԸһ㣬ҲҪʲô󻼡
ǰ̾ĵȻͯ¼Ӱ
˱ףһǻ˵ôȭͷսǳᶨ
Ǹſڣһ
˿һŮӵģϡһŷ⡣
üͷ壬˵Ҳ飬Ҳϲ㣬ûȥɣ
Ůһ㶣漴ͰͣǸǸ
ϴŭ˻𣿡
ŮżǵģҲġǰһλѧתͯǰͬѧģ
ǰ
ǣ


56 
ۡǰûס
ŮҲһ, ϵŵݳȻдšͯǰգ
ε΢΢˶漴Ů˵Ļ, ü, ѿ, θ
Ҳԣ
ǰŮ, ЩãȻ
ҧгݣѧУʦ˵Բ˭Ҫ, ҳ
˶, һ, ŮЦˡ
˭ģȥǸӣ
ΪԼЦ, ǸŮ, һŵ˵, ҡҡԼ
˵, ŮһˣҲˡ
ֻʣǰ, һãȻ, һһ
ǰǻعͷʼ, ʵŮҪǲԼ뿪Ļ, ǰҲµġ
ʲô, Ҫá
ǺúѧϰҪ
ѧϰѾ, мϿ, ҪȻһ⣿
ǰţϰ⣬ˢˢˢд
Աߣץ
Ȼ˸ǰ飡
ҲǣһѧںѾôÿˣô㣬ôûаĽأ
һ뵽ֱ֪ϲԼġ

ʵ˵ʲôȻǰдȻûзֳһ
ҲͲô
ǣһֱϿΣһֱ¿ΣǼòУȴҲ˵
ȵϰлˣ
ιڽ飬ʲôһʡ
ǰãȻʲô飿ʲô
飡
ŶǰȻ룬˵ȷʵӦþܾŮӶƤ´ȻҪᶨܾҲԿ㡣
һ˵飡
ǰ
̲ס˸ۣûҲ飬Ҳܾġ
˵꣬պõŽȥ
¶Цݣ漴ֽס
ȵȡ
ûᣬǲҲû᣿
ˣˮ¥̨ȵ£ţȵбҵҲǻģ
뵽Ҳһȥ
ҲҪúѧϰģϾѧǰ϶ȥʵ࣬ȻҲȥˡ
-
ϣǰͱ½Ƶ
ĩʱƵһʱ᳤ЩһʱͨƵ˵꣬˴˷ʱ䡣
ż̫æˣҲͶƵƽ֪Էþˡ
Ǳ½ġ
ڵ绰ͷʱѧУĿҵҪɣҲҪϤ֮ǰ˰׹Ҷò˵׼ˣҪľǹЩ֪ʶ첻ϰܾûôϤˡ
ǰصͷ磡һģ
ҰܽݣԼԤεĿԷΧ㿴ΪοҲҪȫΪݡ
ǰͷů
½ֻڶǰѧҵʱŻ˵ܶ໰һˡ
֮ûʲôҪ˵ˡ
ǰ룬˵ʦǸӣʲôûзҵ̬Ⱥܺãѧһã͡ٲһ
½룬˵û£Ȼ̬ȼᶨҲͲҪǿҲҪȥ
ǰͷ
Ͳ˵ˣȥ˯ɣҪֻ
ǰһۣҿ϶ֻģҲǣֻ
ţҲ档½¶Цݡ


˼ͬʱԶԷ¶Цݣһ˵绰ϴ˯
ʱ̫ˣƵ˵ӣѾˡ
-
һ죬ȥͯǲȻһ±ȽϺá
ǣһ緹
ôǱ취ˣȻ˸Ҹõ飡ߣ·һô˷ŭһ㡣
Ȼ
ûʲôӦ
ͯǲЦˣⲻϲ̫ˣ㲻ֻҪ˲ôĻôᱻ˹ܵġ
ϲǰͯǲͷǳżΪ֪СãпܻὫǰߡ
вὫǰߵϲһҲ⣡
ǿͯǲдˡáɰþӦܻӭɵ
ֻۡ
ֿȻ˵أ
ȻԷеӦʲô˵ˣ㶼ܡǰԸڸбҵǰǶá̸ں
ǣ
˵Ǻпܡ
Ѿͷһ˼ѧϰˡ
һǷѽҲ֪ԼΪʲôô֪ҲûпܣɻǷòС
ȻһۣζҾ㷳ԭһΪϲǰһΪ˶ұˣ㻹˵ʲô
ҭסҲΪ֡Ѿ˵е
Ҳ˽ǰһҲ֪ԸҪˣԷԼҪԼ˱ᡣ
Ǵͷɥصͷһ߰Ƿһüۡ
ͯǲһ㻹Ǳˣ˭ܴͯҽߵģ
һۣ˵ˡ
˵֪ԽԼСײ˹ߣǻǲģǡһ취
ѺŸˡ
Ǹ磬զˣ
ǰȥ䣬ԺŶˣ
Ǹ磬Ҫˡ
Ȳѽ
ȲӦÿ𣿡
˵ʲô
ǰȥ
ǣʮž͸ˡ
ʱľ򿪣ľһߣָϣĳЩĻ˵Ļᣡ
ǰæѧϰ͸ϰû̫ſ͹ء
ҲɺϣҲЩ˵˻ȥϾӺĵʹǰźȫһ
ˣܳһʱȷʵû顣
͵͵˺þá
Ǹţ
ǰǣûдҵ𣿡
ǣſԲдҵ
ǰѾջߣǳ̾һĬĬͳҵſϷд
ðɣţдҵ
-
µʱɼˣ˾ѧõһ㲻ôڵģҲй
ŮһŮͬѧɼѽĵרŰ䷢Ůѧʹ
óĿƵŮ࣬óƵҲŮࡣ
Ҳˣǰͨ˾ͻϵѾõˣʲôҪľ֡
ǰûüԼ飬ľ֪ͨˡ
ԣ˾ľ˵⻰ʱǳӡ
ȻĽˣ
ǿ
ͯǰǰûвμӹôͽ˾أ
ԭΪԾͻ̭ѹûйעֱͻȻ˵ǰͯǰʱŷѾĬĬˣ
ֱǡ̫ˣ
ǰҲǸո֪ϢҲûжྪȣͷõģллʦ
ӦҲ˰ɣ
϶ˣ
ȻûгʦѵĴӵзǷʵĺܶѧʶæϰġ
ǰ룬˵ʦҿԿ𣿡
áľϽӵҳ
ұʡģǰ֮æȫܳɼ
ǰнѧķУǰ195ǰУ½ڵһ200֡
ڶҲ֣֣ʡݵ֡
֡
ǰΪ½ˣΪԼЩѹ
½УΨһһλĳѧѧλ֪ѧУġ
Ȼʲôʲôβסâ
ǰҲЩܣ195Ǻܸˣ־֮䣬֡
ǰս¶ĻҪſԡ
ƽȺ̬ЦſľллʦѾˡ
ľͷ
룬һǸȻ㶼˾ˣͺúøϰ
֮ǰһֱμӵԼڽҿ鼮˵ҲԼúøϰĻԼ
ԣȻģ
ͯǰͬѧľԼԺһС
ллʦǰЦ˵
ȥɻȥɡľڰ֡
ǰת뿪ľѾûʲôõĸйˣֻǴĽǶȸѧáĽ飬ȻΪ鲻þͲϲ
ȵȥʮһʯʦ˵ѽ׬ˣͨһӶץˣ
ÿϵѧ϶гɼģЩȻз䵽ѧͨкõǰ̶ȵģҲǰδУ
ľȻɶͯǰǷǳԺġ
ˣ°ͣЦãá
ʯʦǳʣǼѽĳɼӷˣҪøȫǡ׬ˡ
ãáľЦĵ⣬мǫ顣
ǣʯʦ˵ҪøһȽͷٲμӹʰƥø㶼ְֱˣ
⻰Щŵķˡ
ôסľڲǸոǸˡ
ϾҪӦˣͷԷ϶Ҫ
ľŲᣡ
ҲʯʦỰˣվֱڱ׼ȥӲһ¡
ǻЦݣǷǳϿԼãͯǰİϡ
ȻЦݵʱ򣬾ȫʧˡ
ǲһκε𣿣
ŮſͯǰҪ˵ʲô
ҪĿŵĹ𣿣


57 
ǰǻؽ;бεס, һǰԷ¶Цݣͯǰء
ʦáǰ΢΢һ, 漴Ҳ¶Цݡ
һƽʱҲǲôЦ, Ƿǳ, ֺ, ѧǶϲİ, ҲԸֵࡣ
˿̶ԷЦݣڳȰ, ǰʵЩӦ
ε۾ȹϲ㾺ȡúóɼ֮ǰһֱ, ֻҪ׼, ҾͲô, 㿼, Ҳġ
ʦʲô𣿡ǰ
Ҳʲô飬졣ε֣ļ򣬡ҪţֻҪѧĩְʱǰ, ǰģѧҵôûӰ쵽ѧϰ
ǰҡҡͷû, Ҽƻʱ, ϰֻÿµʱ䡣
Ҳͦ, ע, ǸıǮε˵
ǰó⻰Ĺ, Ƿ, Ϊһʦ, Ȼ䣬Ҫѧõġ
ε뵽ʲôЦ˵ҪʦĨӣ϶Ҳ׷㡣
ǰ㶣漴ֻ¶Цݡ
ʵҲǸʦעǰѡȥϵģϾǰһҲͰʫͮһ༶
ϴΪͯϵ飬˼϶ЩΡ
εǸˣŲµǰԺȥϣԲǰġ
ȻεͿʼ˵һЩʱ䰲ţԼһЩѧϰ滮ⶼһʵεЧ顣
Ǵһһѧܽġ
ǰţЩǳ
Ҳʱľˡ
ԶԶͺˣ߹ǣʦôʮſڣȥһ࣬ôпǰתƣ
εûǰͯǰͬѧȽȥɣҺҲ˵Ĳˣʲô´ٹͨʲô⣬ʲô벻׵ģҲҡ
ǰ˿ľǹɵͷ
ԣȽȥɡľҲ˵
ǣǰȻ˽ҡ
ʦ࿴һۣڶԷп˲⡣
ľ˵ʦʮ࣬ͯǰʮͬѧ
ε൱һѧˣһѧڹˣҰϵˡ
ľ
һƤЦⲻЦģҲһѧڣҪ˽º˵Ҳ͵֪۲ĲҪ̫Ŀŵˣ꼶ζġ
ϣְ࣬ÿѧӦȥĸ࣬ѧУ䡣
ѧȥĸ࣬ʦҪĸѧ⻰ð˵
Ҳˣľ˵ʵ
εƢֱ֣ӻظⲻҲһ˿װûû֪ˣ
ľһǺ޲ֱεһ١
Ѿҵ湴ҵѧȻҪװڻ
㳤ֲôô
⻰ľˣʵεͦÿģľյеʱ򣬻Ϻεˡ
ε۾ûľ˵ĻᣬԹ˵ˣҪһЩͯǰ
ľ
ʵ̲סˣϽҲ뿴ˣ
εЦˣļ򣺡ͯǰ϶ܿóɼ֤츳Լѧϰ࣬Ҳ̫һЩ
֪ľۡ
ʵ֪ͯǰҲǸ治˵ģѾͷʵƢɾˣ¶˾ĵ飬ʮͷţ
ȻÿζҪԼĽǶȰһȻȰסȻǱ
εЦҡҡͷôЩˣľӡ
˵꣬Ÿ߸Ьˡ
ľֱڱҲûѲӣֻ˰칫ҡ
ʯʦȻرᣬھ᲻ʯʦͦõģٲǺεôˡ
-
Щ㶵ģ֮ǰεǰʱͷˡ
ѧΪ˺úѧϰûôȥ棬ոҲǿ鿴ȥ̽ͷǰʲôʱȻͷ˺εǰ
λͦɵģŴ򿪣΢΢ϺεǰĶԻ
Ҳˣ˿㶵ġ
һֱ֪ǰ㣬һ̣ԭ˶֪ġ
εһ۸ڶʵξȻҪԺȥİϡ
дѧڣȴѾȷǰʵѧˡ
ǵȻҪǰһ֪࣬Ѷȣȫ꼶ǰһٲôÿġ
ԡԺͲܺǰһˣ
ǵĲһֱܴԺͻԽԽȻǰԶԶ˦ǰ׷ϣʼ׷ϲϡ
ʱţǵľԽԽһգıӰˡ
̧סԼĿڣֻó۳۵ġ
Уܷ
ҪԺԶԶǰ˦
Ǵһˣ֮ӣԲ䣡
ŸոŵԼĿԱߵǰԷҲ⣬Լ磬ͷҲ̧
򴽣˴ǰ˵ĺ󱳡
ͬѧ
һŵػϴ𾪡
Ȼû뵽ǾȻ˵
ơǣʲô£ǸѧϰѧƽʱҲûǴ˵Щ͡
ҿһô𣿡
ͫһ
ҿ
ѧǾȻ⣡
ôֱºˣ
λͬѧһѣڵʱǽͰһ䣺áúõġ
ǽ⣬˶ܳʾ
ѧڻʱλͬѧͯǰǵʱ򣬱ǿģǺµġ
ĵȻΪͯǰ
ǴѧԣҲǰ˳ݵˣǰ棬Ӧö˺ܶ๵ͨĻɣ
һ뵽ɼֺóֺã˺þá
ΪǣȻ۸ˣѧϰҪѧϰѧӰ쵽
ѾǺһʱǰ
еǡӰѧϰûз˿С֮⣬пԶ˻ǰͨҲûз
ÿһͷҪǰ˵ͻջǵġӡĬĬƿߣһͷҿڡ
⻹һκǴ򽻵ȻǷǳܳ
ȵ꣬ϸл󣬾ͷԼоȥˡ
λͬѧҲת˻ȥֻ˺ꡣ
ȵǰдʱŤͷ˵ãͷıʼǽҸӡһ°ɡ
ǰҪʼΪѧϰ
š
ǰһ棺Ҿ㻹ǲҪӡֱӳɣдϤ
ǣá
-
һһ꼶пҪˡ
ĩǰڼ︴ϰʵϣҲֻһʱڸϰ棬һʱ䶼ϰ
ԼĽ࣬ΪһпӰԼĽࡣ
ǰĽĿĵֻһ߿
֮ǰпԣΪ߿
ιߣڼҿһ죬컹Ҫһ𣿳ȥתתƣҪˡͯǲǰţ̽ͷʡ
ǰͷüһԸ⡣
ͯǲҪקߣĿǹġ
㿴㣬ǰںڵģڵǰˣǲ԰ףʱլڼĶ岻ãǸıǮ㲻غ壬ôѧϰߡ
⻰˵½ͺεҲ˵
ǰ뵽鱾ϣ˳ͯǲߡ
Ȼһ¥˵¥ˣȥתתɣҪܴڼѧϰ
ŶáǰͷӦˡ
ͯǲ룬ǰȥڿв賿Ҳ֪ôˣһҲլڼ˵˺üҽڸѧϰҲ֪ôͻȻתԵġ
ԡǰӦˣش⣬ѧϰǺ𣿡
ðɣǺ¡ͯǲʿˮˡ
һǰһ󣬺ܿ͵Ƽҡ
Ƽûʲôˣŵǰ̣кͯǲᳵ·ǰ¥鷿ߡ
鷿棬һλҽǡ
ǣ۾һôˣ
ͯǲǰȥҴ㣬ʲôôͻȻôѧϰˣ
ȶԼҽʦ˵ʦʱҲˣȻȥɣҵһġ
Ǽҽ̵ͷֶ䣬뿪
ֱſϣػش𣺡ʲôͻȻѧϰҿɴûаѧϰ
ǣͯǲ档
ǣʵ࣬ҾҲ̫ϺˣҲҪʵࡣ
Ӵ־ԶѽúŬɡͯǲüŪۡ
ǿǰһۣץץͷƽʱѧϰͦ׵ģһɣҸоҶҪˣдСʱҾͲ뿴ˡ
ǰ˸λ£û˵
ֻ߿϶ĺһαڣѧУһףһףЩαԱ߻źü飬ѧУͳһ֡
ͯǲͬǣǰ̫ˣҵʵѶȻҪúü͡뿪㣬ѧϰ
Ǻ޲ԿǴӣ̫ʹˣĿƣƿƵģ
ǰͻȻڣʵࣿ
ȻҪһѽ
Ƕ΢΢죬Щ˼
ǰΪʲôֻϰأְǰƳɼŵģֻϰƣԽʡʱɱ
أͯǲȻ򡪡
Ŷôû뵽أ
ȻǰǰãǴѽ
⻰ãȻգգ۾漴ͺ޲Լ
ѽ
ֻϰƵģΪʲôôϰ
̽ӣקסǰ°ڣһжãֱҵĶѽ㼰ʱ˿Ҫң
Ҳù
ǰ
°ڣؿһۡ
-
ò˵ǰĽ൱ڴͨǵζ
Է̽ȫʱͶ뵽ƵĲεУ˳Ŀʦ
μҽú磬һѧˡʦʵҲܳڣȻֱп֮ǰšͨζпԣǸоǰӦ˺ܶࡣ
굱죬Ǿͺš
ѽ㿴öˣ
ǰ
壬磬ɼʹ˰Ⱥ档
ǰ⣬û
ãɼˣǼܵͯңϻŵԡ
̿첽߹ȥ׷ʣôͳɼˣȺ𣿡
˵óֻȴּҳȺûз
ǵͷֺǰͯǲ¥
ɼͳɼ£㺰ôǿúܺãͯǲüǵдź档
ǰҲ¶档
üһӾҡҡͷǣһûҿء
ʱôŬҪûǿ϶ÿ
ԽǽţԽǲҿˡ
㿴ͯǲֽӹǵĵԡ
򿪱һɨȥһ仰ǣ͵壡
ǣ
һϲģ̫ˣְֻҲϢ
أǸϽ׷ʡ
ѽҡͯǲҵͯǲ֣󿴣ȫ꼶İһʮ
üۿɼȥˣŬ˰ѧڣǰһٻǲʮǧ
оǲܡ
䣬üˣ죬ֲ֪ôο
ͯǲ֪ô˵ˣǸߣҪư࣬Ҳ׶ˡ
ǰ룬ͻȻ˵һܳɼ
꼶ҲԼλܱܲסȫ꼶һ


58 
ŶŶ, áͯǲһѸٽȫ꼶Ƴɼ
ʵϣѧУܶʦǱѾƳɼˡ
ѧڵʱǲôĿơ, ԽԽְʱ, ʦҲʼƳɼ
Ͼ˽µ, ҲôڰȺ˵, ԷȺĳɼ, Ƶܳɼ
ͳƵĳɼܿͳˣͯǲ˲Ͽǰĳɼ, ֱǡ
ף賿ܳɼȫ꼶ڶپʮ, Ƽһ߶ˣͯǲϲ
Ҳ¶Цݣѽ, Ѿٶ, ŬŬ, ĩʱǰһҲǺпܵģ
΢΢
δôõĳɼء
֮ǰʱ򣬳˵һ¿ǰæ֮ȫ꼶߰⣬⻹һοôǰ
Ͼϰʱ䲻̫֮ǰĿַ˲پ, ԼʱȫͶУǺǰ;ġ
ǰһ١
пܣ
Ц, , ʣأ
ͯǲոհѱͷ, ǰĳɼ϶ǰŵ, һ, ¶Цݣȫ꼶ڶ, ͵һֻһ֡

ã
ǣ
ոյЦݽס, 档
أǰ֮䣬Ȼǵ
ǰȻǵڶ͵һֻһ֣ǼСĲ࣬˵֮ʵ൱ġ
ǳˣ֣ǰԴЦ۾̫ˣȰְֻһϲ
ľý°̧̧š
֪Ƕʲôʱٿҳأ
ǰȴû̫ûΪúøˣҲûΪ˵һһֶʧ˿ҪɼԼԼĿ۷
ߵͯǲԱߣֵۣһǡʢ١
ǰͷһתֵ㿪ԱǸܳɼ濴˿Լĳɼ濴ʢٵĳɼ
Ȼ
ƷˣͬʱĿƳɼ½
ȫ꼶˵
ǰĳɼҲԼġ
ЩͷɥԴаѧڣ£ܿǰһ𣿡
ԵģҪЩο
ͯǲҲͷѽ賿Դʵֻܴ֮ǰһֱ棬Ѿʼ棬϶ܲģǼλʦҲǰģ
̾û˵
ʦǺãѧ̫ѽ
ǰӳɼջߣǣʵûҪôġ
ǿ
Ƴɼܶ࣬ʱ䲹ġ£ĿƣֱƣҲѧڵݣһĿγ̲̫ѣüңǰ油εЧпȫӳٲ£ĩʱδزǰһ١
ǰ˶٣˵ȻѧУҲ棬յĲҲûкõЧ
صͷ
ǰÿΰοʱ򣬶оݣ棬š
˵ġ
սȭһῼǰһٵģ
-
ͯԺʱ֪ǰĳɼȻǳˣҪǰ
ͯǲûпˣֻ¿һ¿ЩʧͯԺûҲֻǰķ񽱽
ĩʱҪһˣʱĳɼڸԣǷǳҪͯԺŵˣҲΪ
ʵͯǲûô⽱Ľٶ࣬ûʲôʱȥ
ԼĳɼΪǰôã̫ˣ涪ˡ
ǰ֪ͯǲ硱뷨ںͱ½Ƶʱ˵
磬Ȼֻʢһ֣̫ˣ¶˾֮ȫĿƿĿҲĿ½ôࡣôѧڣѾˣ°ѧڡ
˭뵱һǰĩƳΪ꼶һ֮û
ɻǱʢٳˡ
üʺѹֻЩǣһʢ١ʢ١ʱΣڸ߶ȫԸͻͽ
½˽ǰֻҪ飬֪˿еĵǡ
ЦЦǰڽҲڽ㲻ű˲ñ˳ġ
ǰ˼ͷûв˳ҡ
ֻǵǡԼˡ
ʵҲûࡣ½Ц۵ѵô˵٩ˣ㻹μ˺ܶʱ档ҿʢٵĸԳɼߣٸ˵ƳɼҲѧڸûھϻʱˣ
ûھ滨ʱ䣬Ľǰ죬Ҳ١
ǰҲͻȻ뵽Էϴ˵Ժѧ
ԾĸϰҲġ
ˣˣĩԿ֪ˡǰһҲиģĿǰȻĿʱ䣬ȴûȫаѧڣ磬׼ȫˡ
ᶨ
½ͷԣѾѧôˣҲѧòЩĻȻڸʢȥһǾȥɡ
ǰͷ硭᲻Ҫһã
ʲôã½Ц֪㲻һֻڱȶԽٶȣΪ࣬˵ԼͿʼʡԼ
ɾ˵ǰĵ뷨һ㲻
ǰ󻺻¶Цݡ
硭
½¶Цݡ
ãôһˣô˽Լ
Ҳܿοһ·ǰУţȻһ㲻ۡ
ǰͰɡ
-
п֮󣬿ҵĽȼӿ졣
ǰҲʼȫͶ뾺ƵУĿƣϿεͬʱͽĿҵϰȫдˣʱ䣬ֱóƻ߾
µıʱ䣬һһ붼û˷ѡ
Ŀʦģľ˵֮Ŀʦ˿ûиǰ
ǰϲǰش⣬Ҳôˡ
ЩʦǣǰůĴڡ
ҲѧҵͲʦҵѹȥÿЩйŬʱ򣬿ԱԶ䡱ѧϰǰ
ûѧ
ԽԽȣľʱĩ
൱ڴһǰѹӴ
ʱ򣬱½
ǰĩҾȥCн㣬һȥС
½ǵĩҪЩֻвΣҪμӾȻҲͲεġ
ļƻǲεǰ꣬ȻCн
ǰ۾һ磬Ҫ𣿣
½ͷü۴Ц⣺ҪһӭĻҲȥסһϡ
ӭӭǰϲ
½ɻû
ǣϢͯԺͰͯǲ
ͯԺһ㶣漴¶ЦݣԸˡһΪԶء
⻰ûԹֻǵ٩
ǰٺɵЦ
ҲǾһ£Ц˵ӭ˵һϣһֱסŶӭ
ҲĵģǼǷ½ģܻͻ㣬ȻǵǱ½룬Ҳһ㲻Ҹ档
Ψͯǲ
ֱ


59 
ͯǲΪԼ, θҪ
һͯԺ΢΢ü½뻹£Ժͽ½, ǼԨԴ, Ҳǰĸ磬ȻҲ硣
ͯǲ
ʲô

б½磿
ⲻܣ
̲סһӻ, , ѾǰʮǧͨƵռǰע׸类ȥ
Ҳˡ
ھȻҪ
ȻҪĵǰ
и磿ܣ
ͯǲҧгݣһͷĹ, Ҫͱ½һߵͣ
ŲԼǼˡ
ͯԺһͷۣҲ˵ˣôǰܡ
ͯԺ߶߶˵Ҫӭӱ½, Ҳͣǰ½ϲá
ͯǲһԳĬ, ûԼ˵, ǰȻҲͲ֪ʲô
-
Ȼ½ҪǰܼĩԽԽ, ľҲԽԽ, ʱ䲻ˣһҲ˷Ѳá
ǰд⣬Ա, ҧűͷؿǰ⡣
Ƶ, Ҫˡ
֮ǰעѧ, ʱ䲻, ٽԣôҲÿʼˡ
ѧʵһѹء
ϾҪʷˣǰóʷ顣
Աߣûϻ飬ڿš
ǰ룬˵ȻҲȫͶƣҲڶĿƵĿãͳ׷ɡ
ǿǳҹǲϰƾͿҪˣûʱ棬㲻Ҳǡ
ǰĬĬʷ飬ַϰ᣺Ϊ֮ǰʷϣ̵ʱ䣬ҪѧĺҪģ㶨ˡ
գգ۾
ǿȥȻԷʷϽҪѧһ֮ģѾص㣬˱ʼǣϰҲȫꡣ
ǣ
ˣʲôʱģ
ô֪
ǰ룬˵֮ǰϿ˯ʱ򡣡
ǣ
һ᲻ϲĿƣÿһϿΣ۾аһֱ˯
ǰǸȻĿƣлῼҪǲҲǸ鷳
Ҳգգ۾ãȻզ죿
ǰʷеһʼǱݸ˵࿴֪ʶɣõһ£ټɡ
ֽӹ
һڿΣ˯ʷʦΣԼȣѵĽʼݿһ롣
ȵ¿ΣٿʱȻ÷ǳУ
ٴαеʱȻü򵥶ˣ
ȻʷǷǳȰġ
жԱȲ˺Ѿѧѧˣһ˼ֶ־
Ҫʵ࣬æòУǰҲҪ׼ľͬæòС
Ȼһţһ쵽λѧϰ극̻ؽҷϰϰȥ
ڸڰʦÿδӺ·Ҫ̾һ䡪
ʮѧϰѽ
-
ǰҪ׼ĲֹǾ֪ʶʵ飬ҲˣĩʦΧѧϰʱҲͬɡ
ʵҵԿϣҲãżϿڼһΣҲбԿףĩʱûҵġ
ǰܼʹš
ͷʵ飬Աߵʵ鱨Ҳдš
ǰʱǳͶ룬ֱһ˫۾ֻüϵĶԼԱ߷ŵıʼǺʵ鱨档
ʵ鶼֮ǰʦ̹ĸʵ飬ÿһʵ鶼ǺüͨʵһģǰľǸϰЩʵ顣
ÿθϰָ֮Ҳµܽᡣ
ⶼǳʦ̵úá
뵽ʦ
ԽöԷء
̸Щʵ飬ԵʱûѶȣѵѶȣ
ǰЩ档
֪ո뵽ʦʱ򣬶ԷҲô·
ֻ΢΢ͣͣ棬¶ЦݣŲߵһ칫ҡ
ûһһͨ
绰Ц˵Сӻ֪Ҵ绰˸ط԰զǵʦң
ЦЦҲֻ˵ƶ㣬֮ǰǲ˸ͽܣ
һ˵绰ͷ˶ʱͼˣŵ⣺ǵȻҸ㣬ѧɲǲС츳ǳڣ֮ǰ
һ˵ͽܣͰûꡣ
ѧҲ㣬ֻξøпƴѧˡ
ôڣһ߸Լݲ裬һü
ǵȻ绰ͷ˶˶٣Щͳˣ㡭ľ׼һ԰ˣ׼򷢹ⷢȣ
ᣬ˵ǰͽȥʦʦ˵㣬ѽʲôãִ̫ˣαء
ģ˭˵԰Ͳ򷢹ⷢȣӣ˵ˣԼһ˷ⷢʲô˼ҽ̳δһϯ֮صѧǸ˲𣿡
˰ɣ̵ǵ֪ʶҲǸδѧҵ˸㿴Һͽܣʦǣĸְֽţһ·ţ绰ͷ
Ҫĺ𣿡
Ҫ˵˵ʺϵˣǱóŲ˷Ѷ࣡
۵㲻ͬúۣת˻⣬һӣԸеҡ
죬û˵ˡ
֪ԼһϸоߣҲǰ߽ˣԸǰһԺٺһ
Ǿˡ
ˣɶģʲôرڵģ绰ͷһӾ;ϲˡ
ҲǶ˵˺ǰǰʲôӣʲôӡ˶٣ʣһ㶼ͽʲôͽѧʱ򡭡
ʼһЩԷͽܵ⣬ҲظˣֻǼNɪͽܵ
ȵҪҵ绰ˣʣզˣͽأ
˷ǳҪͽˣͽܺͽܱȱȣҸ㣬ͽܿˣͽܿ϶Ȳϣ
һΣҲͽҲʺҽֻ̡Ҫ·ʼһЩʾͰϣԺߵøԶ
绰ͷһ㶣β˵˾䣺㵹ǡλʦˣҲ԰˽ס
⻰Ǹ̾
ʦЦЦû˵
-
ʱǰæµߣתۼ䣬ĩԣӼĿĽҵԾ͵ˡ
һ̣˶̱ϣǷһ㡣
ǰȴóݿš
ƫͷűдţ棬һڣȻʱҲ۵ˡ
֪ۣ۵Զй⣬Զоһؼš
ιãΪʲôôѽͻȻʡ
ǰһ㶣漴ͣ±ʣʣأ
ʶ˵ȻΪ㣡
ֻ˵ȻΪ˽ʵ࣬Ҫˣ
ʵ¶ˣֻҪǰýһЩǰҪȥʵ࣬ȻøѽҲˣһѧڣƴѧϰ
ǰЦЦ˵͵Ϊ˾óɼ߿Ҳóɼɡ
˵꣬ͷ⡣
ǰϲͿһôʹ飬෴úܸˡ
ĿѧϰȻͬˣҲϲġ
Щݿĸ߿øãһ·ߵûԻͲá
ѧ벻ѧ벻棬ʱ䶼һһȥˡ
ǼȻˣ
αġ
ǰ΢ھ⵱С
ԱߣǳԴôһֱſţ;öЩ죬Ŀ
ѧڻ𣬻ָ֮̾һꡣ
һֱǰüӣʼճڼ㵱УϵַһҳݸֽҲдһҳ
еĻϲһɺº͵ǡ
ôá
úãɼãԸãĶãһ⡣
õ˶ϲҲΪԼԺл
˳úãһС
Ǵ¶ˡ
˵ϲһʣһࡣ
ʵʱĻϲȫµĿֶȲԼһݣʲôĿװС¹ȥ
ʱԼҲҲã㽾꣬ѷļҲͷ£ɬѿ
ǵݰһ棬ʮ궼ͬɽϺ£ߵ
ԣʦҵ
ʦ⣬λʦõҵ࣬ǵҲӡ
ѧڣǶҪĿʦ˵ټˡ
Լѡķһ·ǰС
-
ѧľǰȥ칫칫ҵʱľںһλѧ̸ǰſڵš
ʷʦ߳ԣǰ̬ȹ˵ʦá
ʦ㶣ҲЦЦʦ
šǰͷԹɡ
ʦ̲סЩ̾ǸѧϧѧĿơ
뵽ǰƳɼ־ӦѡƣôõҪƣǲź
ְ־ԸѾˣǰҪѡƣ⼸Ǻʵġ
ʵϣѡƵҪѡĿƵĸࡣ
ǰ룬Ϲлллʦȥһҵİݣĸл
ɲǰ
ѧп֮ǰεʱ䶼ˣҪʦݣЩΪ϶ҪܵǴġ
ûпϲεĵ
ЩʦĸҲЩʦǵĺá
ʦҲЦˣ죺ǿɲô˵ҷΪҲ˽㣬ѧУһ߿״ԪԤۣʱ䱦󣬶ʦ֪ǸгѧҲû潫ʷһͿҪǱˣҿǲԸġ
ͨѧδûмᶨĹ滮ҲûǰŵѧϰƻҪϿβʦ϶Ҳǲ˵ġ
ͯǰѧ˲һǰ칫Ҳ̸۹ġ
˵ʱ䶼˾ƣĿƳɼҲھʮǱȽϺõĳɼġ
ֻˣǿȫԵĴ󽱣ԱõѧУ
ƸδģһУ;õģҲǷǳҪġ
£ĿʦҲ治˵ʲô
ʦ̲ס̾ҪĿѧҿ϶ϡ㡣ȷʵڣԺͣɾ߶Ҫܿ״Ԫ۵ģҽ̹㣬Ҳ
ǰ΢Ц۵׷Ź⣺ãһŬģллʦ
ʦĵ̾
ĽѽĺúǱ˼ҵġ
СҪҲôϢζҪЦˡ
ʦߺǰıӰȴǾ仰
״ԪԤۡ
߸֣ǡĿһ
칫ѧˣľǰȥǰոյ˼߽칫ҡ
ľҲ鸴ӡ
ôõѧ
ϧס
Ҳ
Ҫǰͨ࣬˵εˣУҪʰ
һʼͦԲģʦ㣬Բϲ㡣ǰҪ뿪ˣľҲ̹ȻԼ֮ǰĴˡ
ǰҡҡͷҲǺʦðΡ
ľ̾Ҳͨ㣬ʦԺһѧˡһѧòãǰĳɼҪڵ̬ȡ
ǰ¶Цݡ
ľ⣬δϵпҲܵõһݹƽԴǰˡ
ĳɼ϶Ҫȥʵģȥĸʵ𣿡
ľ˶٣˵ҪˣҲͺʦʦͨѧͿֱȥһ߶౨
ǰЩĬ
Ȼ֪Լȥĸࡣ
ǡôֱ˵
Һεľе㲻죿֮䶼ǻԷ˳۵ġ
ÿμ˶ǻġ
ľû˵˿ܣʦ飬οοҲ÷ϡԿһһ࣬Ҳǡεʦϡ
ǰһ㶣Ų졣
ľߣҲЩ˼ѧ֪ͺεԸˡ
һǼ˵εʦȻϲѧҲ࣬Ǻõģϵƽֱȶ͡ô죬μһϵġɼڰμ⣬͸ʺϺεˡʢپϵģǿԴһƴ
ǰ꣬¶Цݡ
ллʦʵտѧҾˣһѡεʦġ
ľһ㶡
-
ʱͯǲȻҵǡ
һˣһǵԼʵȥ߰Щ
ȻҲĲ죬ʵǲôˣ
ͯǲճȭؿҿɱ˺óһʱˣ͵ſǣ
ʲô£Ȼ棬ΪȻԲŻôã
ͯǲһ
챡½Ҫ
ţȻһ㶣ȥң
ԣͯǲĥҧгݣСҪռȵһֱڴɰð
Ȼ̧°ͣɲðѽǰֺҲ˵һΣΣԺҪǾȥ
ͯǲӻǰ͸ܽҸˣ
Ȼ̧֣ļ򣺡ļ£ҾͲˣͣλǴɽڲס绪ѽ
ûͯǲĿֿ֣ǣ賿ɵվߣôҲ˰ɣɵðң
һֱãȻţͯǲעԼ͵ػع
ҿ½Ҫˣҵúú׼һ£
ͯǲ˵ɶ
קǣɶ˼㲻ҶԸ
˦ֵ֣ϣٵúܣ˵
ǲɵѽôҶԸ𣿡
ҵȻֺѽ


60 ӭ
ֺã
ǰ⻰˵ֱ̫׳, ·һûԼ⻰ʲô⡣
ͯǲ±ˣһץǣסĲ, ǣѾǲֵܣ
ѽǵͷ, ֲ˾䣬ֵǰ, ֵһᡣ
ͯǲ
⻰ôôϤ
񡭡ÿǰǰǴڮǵʱ, ˵ġ
Ǵ˵е
ͯǲɿǣãǸɶӵģˡ
ȻǹЦ, οǲ뿪㣬Ǻǰĸ飬ǰеĵλ, û취ͱ½ȵġ
ǵͷǵ, ¸ʵɡ
ͯǲһҲ뿴, һۣӱ죡
ʼ磬̱졣
ͯǲڵ, ͷɥ, Դһ˲㶷־ûˡ
ѽʲôͱ½ȣ
ࣿ
ȻѾĳ಻ϲ, ȴҲϣѾʵúܺõġǸĶ˵, ȵ浱ʲôǻҪá
ɼ
Լɼǲ, ֮ǰ꼶ʮ, ɼֵ߿ЩУˣȻǺá
ɱ½أͨͨУҲܿԵֻ֡ҪҲͿԱУˡο˵ѾѧϰɼҲǷǳõġ
ʲôԱȵģ
һ뵽ͯǲʹͷЩ
ֵܣȻ߶¡
Ȼһ߼򣬰οûϵģֻһ졣
ͯǲһҪǰߣ
һߣͬοѪԵĸ磬ʵҪҰҲԣӦҡԺӡ
⻰أջͯǲһ
жԶԶɣ
ԱߣȻ۾ͻȻ˵Ա½̬ȻǺҪģ䱻
ͯǲɶ˼
УϣľȻˣҲ˵еšҡһɫ
ȻЦ˵Ǿǡʾá
ͯǲ
-
ǰľ칫ҾͶൢһʱ䣬뿪ѧУʱŲЩæѧУͿֻ
ι磡ǰЩżҸոյһʱ䣬Ͼ㡣
֮ǰ˵ģ½ĳƱվʱ䱾ǰѧ࣬ⶼһСʱˣӦõȾ˰ɣ
ǰЩļ
绰ͷ½ЦЦ
ЦĪģǰеżƽ
õͳ˵Ҹոϳȥ㲻ùң·Ȼؼȥɡ
ʵûȥѧУҽǶͳվԶ
ǰԣεǺðɣעⰲȫȥ㣡
˵䣬УŵʱǰŹҵ˵绰
ԶԶģ㿴ͯǲˡ
ͯǲ֣Ұɣһװ˲顣
ǰҡҡͷأԼŰɡ
㻹ԼţǷʣֱ֣ǰϵж
˵Ҳһװ˶飿
ǰӣҰʣµ鶼װˡ
һ֮󣬾Ҫ·ְˣ鱾Ҫɾ֮ǰǰѾ½½˲ȥˣҪõҲ٣ѧУҲ˲١
ȫȥ
û˵ʲôԼͶȥˣǰòС
õ
ͯǲɵ˵ˣǴСӵʱĬĬƿߡ
Ȼǰ˵ǰǴȥУ
ǰͷѽʱЩ
㸴ϰôˣа𣿡
ǰ˼ЦЦ⻰ôӦǧ򻯣֪ξľῼʲô⣬Ȼ˵аա
ǣ˵Ѿ׼ˣ£ʣµľͿ
ȻЦЦ̲סͷȻܾ¾Ѿˡ
Ȼ磿أѧ׼ôˣ
ѽҲǡ
һһĵ֡
ǺͯǲһۣڶԷ￴ա
ͯǲţûϽϳɣǲɹ𣿡
ģ浱Ȼȡ
˶˳ͯǲű½ҪʵΣҲԼԴҪܣǽȻ׳
ԼҪȥģǶһСһȥҲ
˳ǰȻţʼմЦݣƽʱһ٣ƽʱ˵١
ȻǸģ˻һ·
ǰЦ˵Ȼ磬ôʲôѽһΪ㲻μû˽ء
ҲμҪμӸ߿ڸ߿ֵҲͣעʱ˳˽˾ȻЦ˵
Ȼ˾΢磬ʱá
ҲǺǰ͡
뵽ʲô˵ˣȻ磬ллԿףҪԿףҶܹ
ûȻԿףǾûкǶԷҲͲʹôе
лҲлȻ
ȻİǾ޴ģҲǷǳҪġ
ԣȻЦݲã㲻ǽȻһֱҪиãҲ㵱ãܹҾ͸ˡ
ǰЩжر뷨ԼĸмԼ̬ȡ
һ棺Ȼ磬ǻǺܸл㣬ԺҪҰʲôæһ
ȻЦѾͷǵģ˵ˣΡ
ָ߸ȥӾ߿ĩԣٵչʲô飬ıϰ᲻
˷·Ĳһ㡣
ȫ岻ϻͯǲǾԵЩͷɥˡ
ͯǲ룬½ǰϲҲͰˣȻȻҲǰϲ
׸ġ
ʵ̫ˣ
ǱǰԱߣԭҲΪ岻ϻЩ̾ͷʱŵϴŵĵζ
΢΢ͷĿֱ
Ӿôͯң³ʱͯǲ˻̸ʵ̲סô𣿲ǡ˭Ҫ
ǰãǸϹӶˣ
⻰أǰƫͷ漴̲סŵط˰ۡ
ͯǲ
׸ĵλأ
ĻǺ棬ǰؼҸϴ¥ȥȥˣ
ͯǲֱˣ̲סûѾͷҲǵģǼ½õŻô¡أ
ͯԺԴһ£Σǵÿ㣬¡Ϊܾû½ˣҲΪںɲҪ¡
֪ͯǲԴ
Ķ֪ǰǱ½룬ǶõԼȥԷöԷšҹúܺá
Էܷġ
ͯԺֻˣЦĽͨ绰
Сſˣ
õģȵȵȣȥ㡣
˵绰ͯԺ¶ЦݣҪȥӭӡ
ͯǲſɳϣ׷ʣ½ˣ
šͯԺͷ
ͯǲһ־ȥЪţ
Լ·첽ߣлкţȻ賿ߣ
ȻҲվȥ
ͯԺûͯǲǴȺ𣿣ŵ㣬ҪǸ۸½룬ôʰ㣡
СӣԼһȥȻҪ
֪ʵͯǲǡ
Լ׳


61 
ǵ, ͯǲ˿ЩˣҲ˱½룬ֻЩ
ԽȻ, Լ˶࣬Ī˵һЩ
զΣ
ԼҲһ
ȻûߵСſ, ͯǲͣ
զˣôˣҲͣ, ãȻʵ
ͯǲһ, ҽ촩ûɣ
ҲһͻУŸţп㣬ǱȽϸԵһҲǳʺ, Դźܺÿ
ǶУ֮һ
ȻٿľЦˣ˧, û⡣
ͯǲʱ͸еˣ˲ͷ, °һ̧, ǰڡ
˸ո߳СžͿԶվŵ꣬Ҳü, Ǽ򵥵İɫǺɫţп㣬߷ֿ, ̡
ȺоҲͨ, ϣȴԶԶ˵ע⡣
ģ͸, µ, īİ˫, ͷ, ̫ȳ˺ͷϷͷЩҡ
ô̫ôͦͦվǶһ䣬ؿǳķ
·ܳˣҲܳ·úõ̶ȣһ·ĵúÿ
һ꣬·ʲôõĴ϶ǲġ
ͯǲ㶡
㶵Ϊģǡ

ͷЩܣȴֲòϡ
ǳǵĳûһƴڸоһῴЩӣֱͦʲô;أ־ᶨΪ
ΨмᶨĿǵķ򣬼һ򣬾Զ䡣
˿̫ң˿ûΣǶŴŵķ򣬵ȴҪȵ˳֡
ȵ˭
ͯǲ֪϶Լ
Աߣײײѹιֵܣ㲻Ƕ־ôһ˾ɵɵվˣ
ͯǲŻع̧ųű½첽ȥȻǸϡ
ˣڼأȣ㡣ͯǲ˵
š½ͷˣлл
һû˵ԭмɳƣϻ壬ûʲôı飬ȴֿ
ͯǲҲû취Υ˵òһë
߰ɡͯǲ˵
ű½ߣû˵æ䣬½ҲνԼţͯǲ棬ߵò
һ·ͯǲûס˵ôͯˣǰ㲻Ƕ𣿡
⻰еԹˡ
ֱ˵ǰôôͻȻˣ
½ûΪõжķӦֻƽظ֮ǰ鷳ǣҲûбҪ
֮ǰʲôûУлһʱ䣬ҲܱܽҵĶǰ
˵Ҳ߽ͯҡ
ѾǾʡһȽֻһǰ·ˡ
ʡѧУǸĽѾ㹻Ҫ˵İ
Ҳˣ߽ͯңǰġҡ
뵽½üһЩ
ͯǲû⻰˼³ˣʼǲױ½뷨
ǣ˵ھ;ò鷳ǣ;бҪˣ
⻰ˡ
½뿴һۣû˵
һ˲Щ̡
Ǵӱ˳ͯǲϽԲ磬ι˰ɣ߿㣬ȣһֱأڼ㣬ϧҪˣҪȻʱ漸죡
Цݲãֽ첲ڱ½ļ̬׽ϴ깬治Ѻõ˲һ㡣
ñ½ܲϰߣûж
˿ֺñ½룬½һǰ̬ȣЩˡ
û˵ոֵѹȥֻǳ˳¶ЦݣòӦ
ȻҲŴҪ˵½żӦ
ôһ·ţվȻҲ൱
ͯǲЦݣʵǾô۵úܡ
ֹǺǣӻϲΰ㣡
һ뵽ǰͯǲ뵽ڱ½뵽ĸ˺ӣòС
ӿŲҴҳͯҶȥ½˸ĺ档
ߵſڵʱ򣬷ִųһۿȥܿվڴſڵŵǰ
ѾУҲûƽʱڼϲз˼ȹӣȹӵϷһЩ
ݣֳúÿһɫȹӸԵСŮ
װ۵ģһ˫۾۰ͰͿǡ
ͷոϴ˻ûɣɢںڵͷӳСưƴСºÿ
һСŮ
ͯǲѾҪǵǰոջͯҵģˣ֪úÿȴû뵽΢һ£ܺÿӡ
ɰСŮá
ͯǲһɽ°һ̧
ԷҲˣ۾һ¶һõЦݡ
ǰ·üһ˲ʻ
СŮ˹
Ӵѽ
ͯǲЦǸɵӣҪ̧֡
ȻСŮƹסꡣ
磡һ
ͯǲ
硢졢
ֱˣһ˲䣬Դдˡ
˭Ķڸʲô
ͯǲӲŤͷ򱳺ˡ
½ֽסǰܿɿ̧ķ
Ҳǰ޵ˣ֪ĵط֪ʱǰõʻһ㣬ˡ
ƽû̫䶯ĸܣէȻע⵽ʱ򣬾𺳡
½ͷ͸ոģȫһ۵׶ᣬǰ
ͯǲ

ҵã
ÿצӣ
ͯǲըëˣ֣ץסǰĸ첲ߺߵģ㲻ɹѽϽȥš
˵꣬קߡ
أǰ˦˦֣û˦ֻܿ۱½롣
Էֻ¶εЦݣ
ǰջߣͯǲһۣҲһ㣡ҪȥԼȥô󣬳ǹ.ҩѽ
ͯǲܣק˽ȥ
½˶ϡ
ͯǲ߶ͷҲûɾܳ岻㲻֪𣿡
ǰУǴ죡
ͷɣһȾȫѽ
ͯǲһһҲ֣ûиŮӵأ
ǰ
ûŮӵӣѽ
ǰֱ޲ҧһڡ
ڣͯԺͰ˱½룬ͯԺ¶Цݣ½ˣ˰ɣȵˮɡ
ҲЦ˵ǲҲǵģҲ½һö½룬ˮȣҪֱӺġ
½ЦЦллͯײĸ
˶¶Цݡ
½ɳ£ǰҪԱߣͯǲۼֿ죬µǰһ̣ٿ˱½Աߡ
ǰ
ֻͯǲԱ£ֻʵ֣ͯǲһӡ
Сʵ̫Ƿˣ
ͯǲҲȣǱһ㣡
ǰ
ߺƿͯǲҲϡ
ǣһɳ棬ͳǰͯǲһߣ½һߣм䲻ͯǲһľ롣
ͯԺҲͯǲһۣǳǲ֣
ͯǲ죬˵
Ҳˣ
ʲôгദȻ֮ǰ⣬ˣͿ½벻ʹ죬ǰҪ½벻ʹ죡
½ԶԶţֻΣûʲô˵
ǰ׸磬Ȼɵ˵㣬׼ƽϡ
æӦͯԺͰ飬ΪͯҿǺú׼ģʲôˣ˲ϲԵģԡ
½֪鲻ΪΪǰ
ܿصлػӦ
ĵøˡ
ͯǲǰȴԱܣǰҪȥͯǲ׼
ͯǲѽ
ǰ㲻һѽ
ͯǲ˭˵ҵˣ㿴㣬ʲôӣֵ㲻𣿡
ǰҾͼȥ㡣
ͯǲҾͲһһģզû׸һ磿
ǰҲͲ㶼ûңʲô磿㻹ҽء
ͯǲͯǰûûС
ǰͯǲûƤû

ǺȻ񡪡
Ȼǲûˡ
ǣڰɡ
ϡ
һӺóԵģǰͰһġ
ǰ½һ輦⣬Ц˵磬ϲģɺóˣ쳢
½Цų˳ͷţóԡ
ѽϲͺãҲϲˡЦ˵
һΰǰʲôһ᲻ʳİͻȻᵽ輦⣬һΣ˲٣֮;ˡ
ٱϲá
ǰͱ½һۣû˵ʲô
Сʱ򣬱ɱһֻóĲ֣˵ϲԲӣ½˵ϲ⣬ͯǰ˵ϲԼצ
û˶ȡ
ˣȥõˡ
̾ͽ˵ļ˺裬˭ܳԵ
ˣ½Ҳϲȸͯǰ˳ԡ
ǰջ˼æҲͯԺͰвˡ
ְϲˣҲԵɣżԵ㲻ֵġ
ͯԺͰӵŮеĲˣЦ۾ȥ
ǰְƵͯǲϡ
û˵Էһǳصǣҿɲϡ棡
ǰԣͬԲ۾һϡͲϡ棬һвء
Ǻǣͯǲ۾۾ӲǱӣԼˣϲԵԼУ
ǰĿӳżȥ֣ȽǸס
ǰһۡ
ͯǲĵУڴڽˣһ⡣
ˣҪ˵ʲôͯԺ֣εҡҡͷ
õദʽĸľͲˡ
½Ҳ¶ΣֻܰԼķˡ
-
극ǺȻҪˡ
ˣûסǶҪȥ
ȻɡͯԺ˵
ǾڸڣȻҪôͣȻеģ꣬ǳ͡
ȻЦ˵ͯ壬õģ˾ѾſڵˣǲҳȥС
Уǲ͡
ͯǲǲġ
Ȼʹ˸ɫû˵
ȵ˳ȥʱͷһۣͯԺͰ½롢ǰ˶ɳϣͯԺһ͡
ǲôϲ½趼ֻЦݣûзС
ǣһͯҵĴţͯǲ˵ҳԼȥɣҵûȥŵ㣡
ҲǷˣ֣ͯǲקƽʱҲ̫ɵôô
˵˭ͯǲ
Ȼͯǲļ̾ôˣʲôأǾһȥˣ绹Ǳ½ѽ
ͯǲ
ŲӣҲһȥ
Ƿ˸ۣ˼ȥȥɶ
ȥ㿼ѽ
һҾȥչذɣ
ͯǲֵһһ£ȴǼᶨԼĿԼ뵽һĺõӡ
Ӧȥ
ˣˣǶȥɡ˵꣬ͯǲ˳ܽͯҡ
ǣ
Ȼ˵ܵȥúͱ½뻥Ÿϰһ˰úͱ½Ƕһý˵ʲô飿
Ȼ룬˵û׼̼һҲǺ£
⵹ҲǣϾϸˡ
ˣǻȥɡǺȻˣߡ
˶û˵װ顣
Ȼ룬ǰѾ磬ҪΪ磬ǲǡеѣ
룬һһѸ㣬ԺҪһ𣬲ӣ
˱ӰԶ
-
ͯǲػ뷨û˵
һֱǰͱ½붼ط˯ˣͯԺͰķš
ôˣͯԺʡ
ͯǲᶨҪһȥУ
ͯԺһ㶣漴ʵȥʲô
ȥչ˰ѽԣ½ҲҪԣ϶˲ϰȻȥչѽͯǲ˵Ȼ
ͯԺȴЩԺ룬ʣȷչ˺ð
Ȼͯǲ϶˵Ǵ쿼ԣٹһҪɼȥ˲չ˰ܿý
ڱ½룬Ѿѡˡ
ͯԺü룬˵ҲҪѽǱ߳סоƵ꣬Ҳʦţ½չ˺ðġ
½Ķǰչˣķġ
ҲǲûҪȥ룬ֲ˾䣺佱٣һȥ
ͯǲҡͷҲҪԣﻹ˵ϰѽ
ͯԺ⻹üʼǾǲȥôȥ˾жסھƵ꣬ϰһȻԣڶ佱
ҪûõһȽ͸ûˣҪǽõˣҲǱ߼ѵ
⡭ôҪͯǲģ
󣬰߹˵ǲȥȥɣҲǼʱ䣬½ȷʵҲҪԣ˲ϰ
ͯԺĬ˼룬˵аɣеǰᡪ㲻á
ʵǲףչõʱǺĵģϴǰһͨͿˡ
ұ׼չ˺ͯǲü
ͯԺε˵Ͻȥ˯
˵꣬ڰ֣ȹš
ͯǲҲ⣬ת׼ط䡣
ȵ죬϶Сһ
벻ɣԼҲҪȥģ
ո͵ͣ½ţһ㶡
Զ½봩˯£ˮոմ¥
ԣЩס
ͯǲʶһۣ׼ط䡣
½ȴڡ
ģ


62 
ģ
ľģѽ
ͯǲ°һ̧, ͷű½߹ȥ¥һ¥ɳ¡
½Լ˱ˮָͯǲһȵˮ
, ݲȣֹǽڷ, ϸ, ȴַǳ
ͯǲʶӹ
, ס
ȵȣ
⵽˵ѽ
Ϊʲô½ôһڵģأ
ͯǲطˮһЩ˵ӣҲ, Ϻˮˮס
½벢Ϊ仰һ˿һķӦ, ɵССںŰ׿ˮ
ļҹȵģﵽſյ, Ŀյ¶Ȳ, ǴŶúʡ
ֻͯǲĻյЩȡ
½˺üˮڷ±ӣͯǲ֪㲻ϲңܿҡ
ͯǲ, ֪ͺá
½ЦЦ˵ǰ磬Ҳϣ֮кԵì, ϾҪ, ǰҪϸ߶Ϊרѧϰ, ҲҪΪѰɡ
Ȼǹ˹, ȴûʲôЦ, ͯǲ, ҲǿһµСѡ
ͯǲֱըˣҲһֱųģȻСɼμ⣬ΪԸһֱеͷ
ʲôʱһͬô
վҵĴҲǰ׸磬Ƶ棬Ҷ֪۲ĲԼܵҼͯձҲ׸磡
ǰȴű½һĻò˵Ǵ̼ͯǲ
֪½ǰŰˣҲ֪ȥʮ꣬Ű󣬴Ű棬֤һűСѾͷСģǱ½롣
ͯǲ׸磬ȥûоβĴǰˣҲҪġ
ֻб½룬ϿɵĸҲֻǱ½롣
½벻ֻãǰȻǴǿһµĺӰ㿴
ͯǲôܲ
½ԣ̧̾ͷվŵͯǲ㲻˽ǰ
ûл˽ⰲҲ˽ǰ
ͯǲյ˵ʲô½ΪֻниĲǸѵʽֻһ𣿡
أͯǲһ㶣
½һ˫۾ؿ۾ԣţͯǲվţҲһ㲻
˵ǰʵҲ㵱ģ粻ֻһʽҸ磬ңǵĹϵǵദģʽ
ͯǲ죬ȴûз
һ˲䣬ȴѾ·֪½Ҫ˵Ļˡ
Ȼ½˵֣ʼղһ֣ɲ㵱磬Ҳ㡣
أͯǲ΢΢˻Σǰһ˲ҿһֱֵɴһ˲ǰδе
ȥϳã˵б²Ҫ˵ͯǲã
ǸʱĲ
ǸʱгѾͷľǲ
ǵġ
ǰദģʽమҲǻǷ䣬֡
ƽʱụ۸ụԹᳳú޲ôԷһ١
һ۸ԷԶԼһ֮ѹҲǶԷ
ı﷽ʽôֻһأ
ͯǲ˽ǰ½˶٣üǸù۹ȥжίܹĳֻҪһȥůƬˣҲԸٴνɡ
ԼԸϣΪиҲԸ⺰磬Դͯǲ̬ȣǶԴ̬ȡ
һݣֻһദģʽ
ͯǲ£Щܡ
û뵽ԼȻһֱһҶĿһ硱סһС
ǰⱡ½룬ŲԼ
ĸ磬һֱֹһ
ĺܴȻһֱû뵽öԡء
ڣЩǱ½ġ
ͯǲӵؿű½룬üͷΪʲôң㲻¸ҺҾͺͰͺãڰеĵλ𣿡
½ҡҡͷ
֪뵽ʲôȻЩ۾
ȴǳᣬ˵ĻҲ쳣ů
ΪǰӦø߸ˣֹһӡӦ룬ΪƴߵӦö۰һ࣬ܵκ˺ϸôǣƽϲ֡
ͯǲס
-
ڶһ磬ǰˡ
ǵĻƱǳ緹֮ɣһģλҲǰһġ
ǰʰþ¥Ȼͯǲˣ½ͯԺɳϣ֪˵ʲôͯԺЦݡ
Э͡
ˣҪ׼ԷˡͯԺ֡
ǰŲ¥ո£ͯǲҲϻ˯£ȻҲǸո
ͯԺ⿴һ۾ü˵Ҫһȥôһûʰ
ʲôһȥѽǰգգ۾
ͯԺ׼ͣͯǲͻȻ廰Ҳȥˡ
ǰһͷˮͯԺȴͯǲһۡ
һӺܶɵļҳԼ˾֪ͯǲıˣҲ棬ǰͯǲദһ㡣
ȻʵĵǾͯǲȷʵûҪȥС
֪ȥ֮󣬰Ҳһ£Ҳû˵ʲôһͯԺģͯԺû˵ʲôҲû˵ʲô
Ҳˣǰ֪ʱͯǲ;Ҫȥԣ־ȥˡ
͵ʱͯǲúܣǰ½ݼԷҲֻǿһۣûʲôӦ
ǰզˣ
ǣһͯǲüۣﻹġ˱ҲǱ˰ɣ
ʲôķͯǲһۡ
ǰãû
ʱͯǲ˸ǰٳһ
ǰѾһˣ
ͯǲߺһ䣺һ١
ǰллгʶһЩ١
Կһ١ף
ͯǲ
ĬĬǸ˻ÿȻԼˡ
һֱ극һֱʰͯǲûٵңҲûټǰͱ½룬ֱºꡣ
Ҳˣǰ˻ᣬŽţͯǲͷҲûѽ
ŷأͯǲ˸ۡ
ܿ죬ַӦ⿴ƼһʵҲǵġ
ͯǲ°΢΢̧̧۾Ҿֱ˵Ѿͷʲôã̫˵ˣҺҲ㡣
˵꣬ˡ
ǰվԭأ˶ըˡ
ң
Բѽ
Աߣ½·ôˣʰˣ
롭ͯǲʲô裿ǰһͷˮ
½뿴Ʋ˵ƣЦ
ȵҪͯ뿪ʱͯǲ˵ǵɡ
ǰá
ͯǲ˵˵;ͣ
˾ͺá
ǰͯǲǳ
Ȼʱ򣬻и°͵鷢ˣ


63 
ԭǰͱ½ûкɫͯǲ, ڵ˻󣬾Ȼӵؿһۡ
󡭡
̧֣ǰķ, ǰδе᣺⣬ע, Ժͳɼ֮󡣡
ǰ𾪵ͫ׻ɢʱ߿½룬ƽ˵½, ҰýˣҪչ˺
˵ʲô
ã
ôϸĺͱ½˵
ǰ, ɢͫһ˲ۺһ, һ𾪵ؿ, ֱͬһ
½뵹ǵصͷ˵֪
ͯǲЩ仯, ˵ĻȻҲ˵϶չ˺ǰģͯǲĶ
ǰԼ˵°ͺ, ͯǲգգ۾ûԴҩ
ҪȻôô
ϻ
ͯǲԴһ, ڳһĲͷϽ߸Ͻߡ
ǰ۾ɺɵؿ
½ǰ뿪Ťͷ󿴵ʱ, öͯǲרעߡ
ǰ㶡
ԶǰҲջߡ
ͯǲŽ, Ӹ, ܿ˵ıӰ, ½ûаǰ, ֻÿճֻǰֱۣɢ
ƫͷ֪ں˵ʲô֮俴ܡ
ͯǲĽ
ѽĽ½롣
֪֮Ĺϵֹһ֣ҲĽ½ġ
ֻǣȥʮûͬ½һչ˰ʲôʸ񼵶أֻĽ
Ȼ󡭡
ͱ½ƽദðΪѡ
ͯǲվ˺ܾãվǹƶѾڵǻˣת뿪
-
ǰͱ½ڷɻϣǰѹ˵
磬Ƿʲôôô
Ȼָͯǲ
½Ц׸磬ôôûò
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Ҹտѧʱ򣬻Լ˵׼˵ã
ǰʾҲƢĺðɣ
½ЦԴ֪ģҲǵദ˾ͺãϢɣҲ˯ʱˡ
ǰҲͯǲͷ۾
½֣СԴڼϣ᣺˯ɡ
ǰû˯ţԴļϲ˲䣬˸˯ţ΢΢һ
ŵʵЩǳ㹻һϢĵط
ļ򣬾;ð㡣
ǰ˯
-
ɻܿ͵˾Уǰ;ͱ½ѣ˯̫״̬ãӰ˯
ֵľ˷ɻǵһС
ǰ¿˿ЩʧокCҲûʲô𡭡
½һ£ЦôûأֻлĹͺˣȻˣȿԣȥʹͳǿɡ
ǰ۾һ
ȥƵ꣬ȰĿԡ½˵
֪ǰΣҵȻ֪ȿԡ
ȥ棬϶ҲǲȥģпҪ
½ЦЦ뿪ִ򳵵Ƶȥ
һ·ϣǰ֪кCеˣһкϷУȻǺܴġ
CгʪȣȴЩɣȻɹȴһȡ
˵ģñCе
ǰŲһ·Ͽеģܶط£ҲкܶطȽϾɣкܸɾ׶вһò
⿴ýζͬһеı½ȴ棬ֻǴЦؿǰʱġסʱȵġԽԽߡ
ǰ棬˾ЦһеľзʵСεİɣ
еķԺܺñϣǶ
ǰŤͷЦ£Ҹ硣
˾ȻЩ죬Ӿ濴˱½һۣղ˵ÿһΣ
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ѧ½ƽ
˾ʱˣһǺü۲ʵģ
š
˾һû˵գŰͰ˵˾䣺ÿǸĸҲˡ
˵꣬˾̲ס˵ҼСҲǸɼͲ̫УֻѧûԣҲ˿ԣԾˢˣС˵ѧУҲֻһѧ˾
߶߶ģһ˵ǰͱ½һ˵Сδ֪ӦÿʲôѧУ
ȵ˾Ƶ꣬Ĩ˸㣬ףܹóɼ
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ǰͷһŲǳ۾ŵƤ룬׶CУκһСط˻Ƕһ߶߶˵Ļżﺢͷۡ磬˵ʹˣҲ𣿡
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½ʧЦԴССͣЩʲô
˵꣬Ƶߡ
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ֵܿǰҽܣЦЦ󷽣ҺãҽͯǰCжУһϸ߶ˡ
ҲǸһѧáСѩЦе˵
ǰһۣһЦȻǶԶԷӡ󶼺ܺá
ҲЦ˵ͯǰͬѧǰɣҼ㣬ģʹһȽ
˵ʱ˴Ĵָ
ǰʧЦѧûмǴĻصȽɣɲҪǫˡ
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һۣЩ˵Ǹ߿ɼʲôѧУϣҪμӾ˷ɣң߿ûãȥĴѧҲȥˡ
ҲЦŻصʵһһȽôˣʱȥĴѧһ㳨ţ
ԣһǫǧ򻯣˭Ҳһýء
Ȼô˵еȴԡ
Ҳǣ˵棬һλˣ
ǰ˻һۣ֪λѧϾҲǶģľ֮ǰ˵Ϊ߾ϰ߿ˡ
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ֻǰãжעھ棬ǲ̫ðأ
߿ɼѾˣ˵ЩҲˡ
ʡ״ԪһУˣ֮ǰǰʱ䣬ѧУոԡ
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ѡҲˡ
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ԽСѩӡãҲĵòѡ
Сѩһ㶣ڻҪϰ
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ǰ룬ûãҲȲϰá
ֻǲҪ֮ǰôţҪϢã˳㿴
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˼ʱ򣬱½ûмźǰϰ˵οԣ˵һЩѡ֣гʦʦ
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ԶԶģܿùھµһһŮһ𣬵žݡ
ƹӡϣһƬů
-
ڶȥʱʦвѧǰƵԱߵѧУ˿֮󣬱㶼¡
ǰʡĶ飬̨£ɨȥԶԶܿҲǰŵı½롣
ԷУͷ
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ʡֻǰͽСѩŮȻһҲȻȻһ
̨ϣʦ˵ע
ǰѾһεģǼš
ȵע˵꣬һĿ̨´ǣҪǴпŵ濼ԣ׵ȵȡ
һӲߣЩƫڣЦǳɰ
ӿһ㲻Ѿ߶ˡ
ҺãҽгǾӢʵѧ߶
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һ֮ӡ
ԱߣСѩƫͷѹ˵
λ·ݵʱӦþҪȥпƴ౨˰ɡ
ǰСѩź档
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Сѩ˵˵ţѾʦˣпԺר½пƴĽڡʦӦһξĳʦΪҲΪ˱ӣԲŻ޽ڡ
Σǰ˵˾䣺
Сѩͬصͷ
ȵ꣬ǰͽСѩһƣСѩƫͷ˵˾䡪
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˵꣬㽫ͷƫ˻ȥ濴̨ȥʦ
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˿̣ѧڴҼᶨİɣ
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ѾTOPѧⳡǽлеĸ֣ͬ꼶ʢ٣ԱߵĽСѩ
ֻʶˣʶųԼٱӢš
ϣʵ̫ˡ
ǰһΪǿˣ෴ԽǿԽǳ˶־
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ЩӢһͬһطȴͬһԣͬһ
ǸиԸ񣬸и롣
ǰߵ˳ɷֵģΪʲôߵ˽죬δҲҪȥ
һ־䣬Ʋɵģһ·ʻᶨȥ
-
óȥǰһֱʦʡѧһ˿ûнŵģ
ϣǰͱ½һ棬ͱϻط䣬˯顣
ǰĲ飬ڴ˯˹ȥ
ڶһ磬ͬʡѧһ¥¼ϣʦǰ
컹Ŀǣ·𶼻һģԴ
ǰһһ𣬽˿
ѾҵԼλãǿֻͻͬʡĿЩԶһ߽
Щȣûյֻͷתŷȣš
ϱȷʵһֻҪھûȵʪ͸ĸо
ܿ죬İļ࿼ʦԾ
ǵ𿪣ŸǷȵٴʱǰǲܴ⡣
һεϵļ򵥡
ǰԼЩԾ֮ǰҲ⣬Ƿǳѵģû뵽һξȻѶȵ˺ܶࡣ
Ĳ죬ʱ롪
μ򵥵⣬ǲɣҪ̫࣬һȽܻϲء
ҪһȽ̫ˣ֪
ǰܿջ˼ǴԼȻϹ롣
ǣȫע⣬֮һʱѾ˶дˣѾӷɳɳ졣
ǰܿһ⣬ЩѶȣûĳ̶ȡ
ܿ˳
ʱѾڽˡ
һľǻǰֻһۣջ˼
ε򵥣ô罻ҲǶдһ˰ɣ
ǰһⳭдãһӷʼ顣
ʱ仹ܳ
飬ȻʮӲŽԡ
Ѿ˴룬ʣµûٸˡ
ǰ룬ҪԼҲ˰ɣ
ˣټһ飬ʦⲻ
ɨԼεĲݸָֽֽԾϣ׼ȥͷ顣
ͻȻ
ǰ߼ڲݸֽϵĳ
ڶ̡
ͫһ΢΢һָ
һ˲䣬ȵ죬ȴһ亹
ǰܹоԼս𾪣ܸоƤһðľţҲܹоͷƤĿ־塣
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64 
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Ͳԣ
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ⲻӦ
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Խǽ, Խǻţʶղס, Ըҳһţûһ˼·
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Ҫǻһ㡣
ͷƤ飬ļƤʲȥָͷʶڿۡ
һ˲, ǰȻþ嵽˼㡣
ǰ
侲㣬ֻʮ, ˷ѣ
ǰҪ, ڽǰϦŷԼе, żŵĸо˼顣
, ԻģǱʶ֪ԼһӶ˷Ѳ, ֽס, ֱڴֽд
ոѾĲ֣ȦˣһġĨȥ, ڻеطпհ׿д
ǰ±ʺ, Ҳܿ, ʱֱӽԱߵĲݸֽϹ, ҲҲ, ֱӴҴææʼ㡣
µĽʽǳӣӴļ˻ǲԼˡ
ǰѾûʱȥˣлԼѧҲܲӦôӴļ㡣
Ȼһ̵ǰû뵽Щģû֮顣
ԵĻԾȴﵽߣ
һ̵ǰԴֻн㣬ʼңǰ󹤹ĴⲽȻͬ±ء
·õֽܽŻơ

̨ϣʦͣʣ
ǰ¸ոսĽд꣬һŸոȦЩŤһҲԲ
˲Щˣʦܿյǰ
˿̣ʣµĿˣ½½վߣǰЩվŹȹ˶Щ
Ƕü֮վߡ
ԼĿþߣƮƮġ
Ҳʱŷ֣ԼȻʪ˺󱳣ͷҲǺ˲·Լ
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ȵߵ¥¼ϵصʱԶԶͷɫЩÿ
ʦҲܳ
ǰӭɳʣôˣڶô
ʵ仰ʱʵǲϣġ
ͳӢǣǰЩĬĬˡ
һεľǺЩӢš׷ꪡ
ǰ³һ󿪿ڣֲ6.92
Ҳ֪ԼöԲԣ
֪ԼʼǸڡ2ĴǲǲǶԵģûʱټ飬涼ҵıʼǣôʱأ
˵꣬ԸоʦɫÿЩ
ԷǻһЦݣͷǶԵġ
ͣͣѹʡ㣬ֻԪ⡣
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ʶƵԶǸŵˣԷȻͷԴڱĶǰ֪ˡ
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󣬻߸д꣬Ҳ飬˾ǰܶξ⣬μ򵥵˶ǰˡ
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ǰҲ߹˹ȥȴûаοʵڲ֪ôڡ
УǿѧˣҲھ͸Уѡ˾
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һʱڿܣǰû˯š
缯ϵʱŷֺЩ˵ľ񶼲̫á
˯ŵĲֹһ
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еӵģʵúõģǾҲܺúʵ顣
ǰ鵽ʵ鲻һʵ飬ʵһġ
йʦѵ˳˳ʵꡣ
һǸˣʵֳ沽һһҲûС
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ʵϣζ˲߳ȥ
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ĿѾ군ˣεʵҪٳξͰˡ

ߴߴԹѣҲΪôҲΪˣ˵ʲôӰ֮ǵʧ͵Ƕֱס
˵ѣǰЩ
ľʵ顭ֻһʵ飬ǳʦЩüʵһģʲôʵأ
һ˲䣬޲ڻصУҵʦһʡ
һֱںͱ½˵ʦ򵥣û뵽Ȼô򵥣
-
ǰûкͱ½棬ͽСѩһ𣬸ʦȥԷ
˵Ѿطȥˡ
СѩԱ߸̾ţʱһεô򵥣ǰڇNɪû뵽Ȼŷɥ޽ڡ
ǰģοܻиģδ˶࣬ɼã߿ȥʲôѧҲһġ
⵹ҲǣСѩ¶Цݡ
ǸˣִŵŬҲÿΪԼ
ǰ͵Ŀ
СѩߣֱסǰҮŮ㲻Ҫң̫ˣ
ǰһ㶡
Էڼ˵ţ˵˵㣬ɼãúãҲúãŸһôŮ˼ʵ𣿣
ǰˣɵɵؿ
ۡСѩЦˣǰ۵գԸϲϲ㣬㡣
ǰ
εЦˡ
뵽ʲôʣЩ˶ûԷҪȻǴǴһͷȥɡ
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СѩͷҲЩ̾ϧˣҪǻһ꣬϶ĽһˣȽûˡ
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ѽǵֵأ򵥣ֻҪǵ⣬˵ֺܶࡣ
ӦһȽǵ֮ǵģӦǶȽǵˣֻܴȽߡ
˶۵Ķ࣬һȽܶܶ

ǾľȫӢžۺϵأܹߵһģûһġ
ȷʵϧˡ
-
ǰһֱǰͱ½Լĵطȥ
·ϣЩ
ԼãͷֲԻ֪ûԣ
ǵϣһ롣
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ǰӿŲ
֮ǰϰĵط½밲ǶŴ⡣
ԶԶģǰͿŮǰȥ˵ʲô½붼ֻ䵭ҡҡͷ˵˾ʲôЩ˾뿪ˡ
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ǰ򴽣첽ȥԱ¡
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ɲǡ
оֻ꣬ϧʱ䣬滮ʱ䣬ԿԳֽ߿;Эõġ
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ڽݽϸģߵøԶҲǲ·ΪСģû߹·
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ʦһʦͷۣһΪ޽ڳЩ⣬ЩʦҲͷˡ
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쿼Ĵ˿̾վһ칫š
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Ǹ˾Ǹֲǲ֪Ĵⲻѧӵòģ
ڣ˭ԼأҪȻҲ޽Ƕңѧ𣿡
ǻˣҵѧˣ֪ѧ𣿣޽ѧû
˵ˣ޽˵ԼСĵġá


泳˺һڳʱġ
̾ǰοʦҾεʵҲͦõģѧоϽ޽εû⡣ɸѡģ㣬Ͻֻ١
ڷ߷ߵҾǿ޵Ǹӣ
ֱӳ˽
һֱ֪Լʦ򾢽ڡ
ðɣʵϣܶоģǳ򾢣˵Ƣ̫ˣܻˡ
Ҫʵʵ̫ţˣͱЩרȺ֮ˡ
ˣʦҲˣϢɣ컹Ҫýء¶Цݡ
½üôţ
ٺٺ٣ǿɲ˭ͽء¶Цݡ
Ȼ½ʱ͸ˣҲ˲򾢣̴ͽˡ
š
ԼЩڿȷʵûбȹ򾢣ʲôϵأ
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Ǹ϶һѴͣƢŹ֣ʿûԺˣָԼʳʲôӣ
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ڶһ磬ǰʰöԼŲ¥
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ǰùΣҪ·ߣôȥ֮ôƱʲôƱر
ְܼΣǰܹԹʹ·˽⡣
磡Ҫգ
á
磬һİɡ
á
磬Ǹʲô
ǡ
磬㡭

ǰܻãǺܶʱ½붼Ļãȫ̴Цؿ
Լûз֣Ҳټĸˡ
ȵҪ뿪ʱǰͳֻ磬һţʱҪúô
½뻺ͷԴչȥ
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ܿ죬ᣬת˲š
ȴסˡ
ǰɵˡ
½Ҳɵˡ
ǰԼ·ͣһ˲䣬һƬհס
֪ǽ½뵱ģȻҲ֪ΪλôǿҵУʵͯǰ
ô׵½أ
½ҲǴһƬհס
úܿ죬ԼͰһ˵ģá
Ժ棬ǰЦݲõոת˲ŵĶ
½ЩʲôˣⲻʵһѾˣֻδʶ
ǰ͵̧Լ
ֻһɺϣȻ½Ǹ磬Ϊôһɺϣʲô𾪵أ
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Ҿһգʲôϵأ
ǣǰ¶Цݣű½ǰߡ
磡㣬˵Ҫȥըģ
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΢ɼü˼ָɳ硪
ߴˡ
Ŷ̻
磬˼ͨը꣬ߵɫը棬ǻȥԿѼ
½ȻԵؽǰõըڶǰǰֽǰǰ˵Լǰ
ǰڿƬ
˺ЩƬʵһమƬˣһκͱ½棬ûס˺Щ
ЩǱ½뾵ͷµЦݲãз·зһԼ֪ԭЦôġ
кͱ½ĺգһţһ᲻Цı½붼Ц¶ݣü䡣
ſţǰͻȻ˵ĸܡ
ͻȻ뵽ԭУͯǰո֪½˵ʱڼﵽƬΨһһźգҲΪĲСģҲˡ
Ǹʱ뱡½복Ѿȥ̫ˣص˱ңԭıѾΪûסĽʱƵˡ
ôʻ־޵һ꣬ȻҲһۼˣƴδڹһ㡣
Ҳûȥǵ
ǰá꣬ôΪôϢʧأ
ǰĿһʹ
ѾǲԭˣΪʲôͺ侳һ³ۣᵽǸʱġͯǰĸأ
ǰôԣ棬½Źġ
Գԣǰæͷڴڳš
ͷ̧ۿеľӨ·ͿҪزסˡ
ôó𣿡½Щ졣
Ϊʲôáζһ㣿ǰڴڣȴԵ÷ǳ档
ǰﻹ̧ۿʪѾ˻ȥСĹţ˵
óԣ
óԲóֻ֪Ҫ½뻹ڶһǾͺܺóԡ
-
ʱȥԱߵĲݣݷǳȻŶӾͻ˺ܳʱ䣬ȥûôˡ
ʵЩǶǺܸȤ
Ϊһ𿴵ǶԷͶýζʱϲá
ȵȥʱѾЩˡ
ǴҴææ꿾Ѽ֮ǰصƵꡣ
ʦ֮󣬲ǸԻط䡣
ǰԭΪԼ˯ţϾ쾺ɼҪˣϣȻմͷ˯ˡ
ֻ˯ò̤ʵвΪǰĶʮͯǰʱļ䣬ԭлصͯҷ顭
һϣüͷʼš
һֱͱ½ĺգ˶ЦòõƬüͷɿ˯˹ȥ
ڶϣǰʦȥ緹
ڲ˱½룬ԷҲһۣʲôû˵鶼ˡ
극ҲûлؾƵ꣬ʦӵ˴¡
úܴЩѧûаԺžͿЩҳˡ
˲ټҳǱȽϽġ
ǰ֪ͯԺ⡢ͯǲˣʦָ֮ϽȥͯԺ˽ӽ
ε˵˵ˣֻǰ佱ѡ
ǵȻҪЦ˵
ͯԺҲͷЦţҪѹѾõʡˣȫģҲǿ󡣡
ǸĸףǰΪǵĵѹ
ֵصһۣôְֵ𣿻ûпʼ佱˵й
ǰֻ¶һЦݡ
֪ԼýǸˣýҲֻᰲοԼ
ͯǲ̧°ͣһã϶Ҫýģ
ǰ˵ãֵؿһۡ
ǰںˣǰͷһۣæ˵ҾȹȥˣҪʼ佱ˡ
ȥȥɡ
ȵǰߺ󣬰˵ǹĲѹ𣿡
Ҫǽûýǰ᲻Ϊ棬͸ʧˣ
ְÿòҪ֪
ȫ
һȽǵڽTOPѧƱѽ
϶һҲõġ
ͯǲɰֻţ϶ܹýģ
ôŬȻܹý
ò˵Ե֮š
ͯԺ룬Ҳ˵ǸǼ͵ˣȴûýҲ˾ͱˣǺúŵȽɡ
Ǻðɡ
ǰ棬ǰҲڽСѩԱţпһȽ
СѩлһȽˡ
ǰǽŵġ
ôܲأ
ȻѾһ죬ȻϣԼܹõһȽ߶Ƚȥߵѵߵʰƥˡ
СѩЦЦдŸˣϲʵϵԸ񣡡
۹ߣеûǰȻʶʱ̣ѾΪ֮һˡ
Ȼ˿ǰ֪Сѩ뷨߼̨ϣЩ졪
ŵˣ׼ʼ佱ˡ


66 
´߳, 쵼˵Ļ
ҼҪ֪ʱ´ʾԵø
ٳҲоͷȵʱ, ίʦ㿪ʼ佱ˡ
ȻȰ䷢Ƚ
ǰһ̨ϵʦԷ֡
׳־ﲪԴҰء
Ƚֺܶ, Ļ֡ѧУͿԼ, ǰʱ΢΢һ
Ȼ, û˵ĳΪȽ, Ƚ
ǰ߿, ԷɫȷʵÿȴֺǰĻҰģһˣ˿̵ɫȻѹ, ȴѾû˾
Է̨, Ҳ¶Цݽӹ
ȽǷΰ䷢һȥ󣬲ſʼڶ
һûСѩʢٵʱ, ǰԸоԱ߽Сѩĺˡ
ڽš
Ȼš
ֻҪμȻϣܹýġ
Сѩʢ١˵ͻȻ
ǰСѩԷ˿¶һЦݡ
ǰһۣǰܹеϲá
ԭѾǲϣˣܹõȽ, Ѿˡ
ȻȽûһȽмֵ, վҲȫԵĴ󽱡
һ, ûа
ʢǰǺһţҲվЦ̨ҲܺãҲѾ׬ˡ
Сѩ̨֤Ͽʼ䷢Ƚ
ϲ㣡ǰ¶Цݡ
СѩҲЦݣǹϲɣȽû㣬϶һȽˣ
Լ֤鿴һۣȻֻиǣʱµֽҪܸ֮ǲϡ
ǰЦЦһùʲôûأ
󣬸ոµʢ̽Դͯǰ˰ǫҪģ
ǰʧЦ
֪ԼܲһȽĿǰȽӦûʲô⡣
öȽдԬອγԪܿ߶Ԫ֣¶Ǹʧĸ
Ų̨ȥ콱
̨¡
ˣֽͯԺƣţԺ⣬ôûأ
ͯԺţʶ˵żż
Ҳǳѽ
ǸȽֻϣܹõ˸˵ġ
ԷΪ۲ġ
ͯǲҲ̨ϣڴǰ֡
˵Ľţĳ˾Ե÷ǳˡ
½Ťͷ˳ʦһۣŵ٩ԭҲ뿪ǸطѽѧУú԰ˣ
ûֻüʦ֣԰ٵģٿڵ棬ְڣȻҲ԰û١
ûΪŬһʲôʱݼپʲôʱ򣬶ŷżٵģǲ˼ȡ½
ЦЦɫʵ׼ʰƥˣѵ֮ǰȷҪرעԤ𣿡
εĹʰƥ˾Ȼ½ӣͽҪμӣҲίæЩ飬ȻǷǳ˽ġ
кЩҪرעģԭͶµͽܳǸʡԼ·½һʮֳҲѵǵסôࡣ
ʱ뵽ʲô˵⼸ʵ÷ǳ˼ѧɫһ½ѧ֪λѧʲô𣿡
ҲԤۣ
üȴǸĴ𰸡
ΣǸˡ
½һָͷ˰ڣһζƫԶɽһУͨûܽ
һ㶡
ˣھطʲôż
ѼģǡþڽԴǳѷĵط߳ˡ
ţʡ
½ͷҡҡͷľʵ鶼ǳ򵥣ܶಽԹ˼·棬Ҫѵʱ۲һ²֪ɺϡ
һŮҲ˼λͱ½ȫǷ·ģ½ǼԾʽλͯǰŮǷǳϽʽûͯǰľӣһλʦ˵ġǸ½Ҫܹһ£ˡ½˵
˵Ǳӣûע⵽Ա߳ǡ
̨ϣҲ˶Ƚ֡
ûǰҲûб½롣
ǰһ̱߸߶̨ϣŵ򴽡
ֻʣһȽˣǻԻͲãһУֻ档
Ȼ̨ʦڵĵһ仰ȴ˶һ¡
ٻһȽѧжʮˡ
ʮˣ
ôŶʮˣ
Ȼʮһ룡
ǰˣԱ߽Сѩֽգס̨ϣ̨µһ̰ˡ
ʦЩʧ̬ôֻжʮˣ
벻ɣҾⲻǰ㣬㱻һ½Ц
Լո֪ʱҲͬһ
һۣǳΡ
½Žֻͣ޵Ǹ϶һ쿼Ĳң޵һӺһƬͲ˵ˣȻߣʹһȽֻһ롣쿼޵϶ˣ
ЩЦ̲ס˵ҲȷʵùʦҲǵģôô޽ڣôǿʦ佱ġ
ޣҺ϶ƲǶһͽѽ½ɴ۾һ⡣
ҲСˣǳоʵҲм֣ҲǸӲģ˻Ƿǳõġ
̲ס٩ǵ˵ûϢõżǵڣ
Ҿͼţ½ҧгݡ
εҡҡͷҪǵ˵½ûϢŻҧгĳɾ͡
֮ʵҲǳɾ½
½һĿǳ򾢵ĳɼȻ
׷˴뱲ӣͲСʱ֡
ģ׷ϡ
ĳͽˣͼԼ겻ɵԸͽɡ
뵽Цøˡ
̨ϡ
ʼһȽˡ
һȽб½롢ͯǰ̡·
һȽڲһһĻϣš
ڲͬչʾ
һǱ½룬ڶ󣬵ĸǰ
ǰ̫ˣСѩˡ
ʢҲ¶ЦݸҹƣΪףأʦһ㶣漴Ц۾ĵ÷ǳ

һȽ
ǰʧ⣬ս֮վ߿½ķ򣬶ԷҲڻͷλԣͬʱ¶һϲЦݡ
ʲôоȴ˿̸أ
ҵһ߷ɽ֮ʱͬڡ
۷ֱã۸Ժ־
ͬʱɽһطᡣͺˮڱ󣬳ŶԷչͬʻ
ʱǵЦΪԼˣҲΪԷԺ
ǿǰǰ佱̨
ͬϡ
ǰգգ۾΢΢𣬶̨ȥ
ϴŶеУ֮ǰǴϵģҪܻ񽱣ΪԼĸУһξȻҪǴУġ
ȻѧУҲôģ˶У
ǰһǰһ̨
̨¡
½˵ûͽܳһ
ʦǰ治ǻб½𣿡
½һۣ̽ͣҲǵһͱ½ǰĸŵģ
ԼԼͽܣȴ׼ͽܽҪǱ˿ͽܣȥ
½ʣˣ˵Ǹ˭ţý𣿡
ƫͷǲһֱûУ
½һ㶣ͻȻ֡
Էû˵Ҳû˽⡣
ϾԷèһУûзϡ
һζɣ֮ǰλͯǰͬѧ
½
һ£Щʧ̬
ͻȻ뵽ոնԷⲻԼֻжʮһȽԼʧ̬
ǣһ֣½֮ǰһģһĻЦ
벻ɣҾⲻǰ㣬㱻һ


67 
½ү
ݺݳԼʦܷ˸, з߷ߵ겻ԭ㱾Իû䣡ҲûãбͯǰճͽѽҪȻ㻹ֻ۰ͰĽҴͽܣ
ҡҡͷ棺Ҳʺϴͽ, Ҿͦõ, ʱ䲻, һһ죬һһѧ, ǵ, ͦõġͯǰңǾǻ˲š
½ǰʱЩп
û뵽ĳȻѡ˳Ϊһͨʦ, ֻҪÿ, Ҳν
ʱһ, ͻȻ˵ҪȻҰͯǰ˰ɣһϽ˼·ȫܹκˡ
½ԽԽã۾, סֱۣҴȥǢٺٺ٣Ȼ㲻գҾˣ
ѧѧң˵УǶѧоҪŶӣ˵ͽ, ŶĿ, ѾǺҵˡ
ʦͨʦɲһ, ͨʦֻҪʦ˳˳ѧ߾ɹˣͽȴһĴУʦͽܣе·ϣߵøԶ
˵䲻ĻǰܹΪ½ͽܣǼֱ˸㡣
׬ˡ
ȴǺԥ˵㲻˽Ը㿴ģϽֻܵһ֣ܳΪ
նǳƶ
½㶡
ѵʦۣȻ֪϶˵ģۿ϶ҲǷǳ׼ġ
ǰӴһ꣬ǴӾʵ飬ԼһЩ˽ˡ
ǣ½̾ɰɣԺͿ˵ˡ
Դͬʱ
ͯҪˡ
ץͯԺ⣬һ󸾵ģȫάֲס̫ˣ
ͯԺⲻϵͷҲǼ̫ˣǰǰ
̨ϣ漴θǲ죡գ
ҲǲŻع񣺡ԶԶԣգ
ȻҲйٷͼǣ˿̣ǶֻϽͿϲ
ȫѧһȽ
TOPѧƱ
ǰŶ
ʮ꣡
ˡ
ͯԺҲͬվ̨ϵı½룬һ
óϣŮʧЩ꣬Ȼ˲ٿ̺࣬ͱ½룬δƶԴסǡ
ͯԺͰĻŻعͯǲæͳֻ̨һġ
߿̨ϣͯԺͰɼ
˿̣Ҳǽģ޲ô󺰼޲е˴ǡ
Ƽų̂ƯŮӣǸһȽŮӣã
ͬʱű½ǰм˲վţίæŸǷ֤飬ôֻԻ͡
׸أ
ȵ̨ϵı½
ǼһʲôԼ㡭
Ժǰһ̨콱δһͶȫõĴѧʼл˵ʼտԲս
Լ׸磬ȴһֱ
ͯǲһθоԱֺڣԱԼãҲ籡½룬ڹȥȹ
ôʱԱ㣬ȴЩǰͱ½Ŭʱȵʱ䡣
̨ϣͯǲսȭһԼ
ûϵü
һꡣ
Ϊǰ׸磬ôԸôǰأ
ʱ˿̣ͯǲǰδеĳ˾ĺͶ־
-
һȽֻжʮѧվɳһţ֤顣
һƬ㽫ʮͬ׶
ʮѧһ̨֮ͬԾ
ǻڲͬѧУչֲͬķ绪ͬһѧУ̨ͬȻҲʱڣδˡ
ǰ޿ܵеһˡ
ⲻǰһ̨콱֮ǰģʹѾ̨һΡ
ζһȽ
Ȼͬ
ǰȴȫһľ
һ˵룬һαǼᶨ롣
̨µһ˫˫۾˳ݡĽ
ԺУֹһ磬ΪǰݵһMصʱصͯҺͯǰıҽ֣Լһһꡭ
չǲһˡ
ʦý֮ǰϽ̨֤ߡ
ѵļЦݲá
ǰҲ¶һЦݣá
߿
ǰ½ŲǰӿŲܿߵԡ
ǰ½ᡣ
ǰɴЦݣ磬Ҳܰ
½Ц˳
̨ߣ̨ϵʦ˵ǶʮһȽѧίһʦίʦǺһЩʦαǱߡ
󣬹һλʦ֣
̿첽ȥ
ǰλʦǰдŵ֡ԭǹƴĽڡ
ͻȻ뵽󲻹ܸ߿öãǲһȽǱ͹ƴѧδѧУǹƴϵ
Ѿ͹ƴˣȴδֹͣŲ
ʦأҲίʦʳ
ǰǸش𡪡
ҡŶôںǶȥˣ
ʶţȴ΢΢һ㶡
һϤӰ
ǸӰѾǸ˸ոһ˵һˣȴǳ߹ո߽Це˵αֵû
½ǲҪ̫ˣͽܳѾˣһȽأ
һһȽͽˣ⻹ȫģõʰƥ˾˵ɡ
УСҪ̫ˣ

ǰ½
ǰԱߣ½ôˣ
ǰ΢΢üҸոպ񿴵ʦˣ½վһ𡭡
½Ҳһ㶡
ȻûǶ˵Ļᣬ½ǰҲС
ѽǱ½ͯǰͬѧɣʶѽ
ҺǣͯǰͬѧһطİɣҪҪһǹƴϵ
ģԤһô㣿˴
˵ˣһͯǰͱ½ͬѧϲǾѧأǿȫTOP1
УҾͯǰͬѧͱ½ͬѧʺǡ

ЩԸѧУʦǵݳ֦ѧпƴ󡢹ƴ˴󡭡
ÿ꾺ʱһӵʱ
ǰͱ½õһȽǾЩʦǵߣΪҪԼѧУ˲š
˶ÿλʦͿȴҲûгŵκһλʦ
ϾǳŵˣҲҪ̣Ҳþͻɹ
ǰܹоƶǡ
һһȽ˵Ŀҫ
-
ȵ֮󣬱½ǰһ뿪á
ͬʱ˿
ǰ˲ͷϵĺһЩʦ̫ˡ
Ҳǡ½ЦЦ
ǰ뵽ʲô½룺磬ҪͻǸ߿Ҫȥѧ
½ûش𣬷ʣأ
ǰ°ͣúú롭
ʱ򣬲ԶͯԺ½룡ߣ
ǰǱߣű½һȥ
̫ˣ½Ҳǣ̫ɫ˹ͯԺЦţƷֱ˵ĺ󱳡
ǰ¶ĵЦݡ
½Ҳ¶һЦݡ
ߣȥ緹ˣ绹ҪᣬǾͲʱˡҲЦ۾
ǰͷ½ȻǸ
ͯǲֲڶ°΢΢̧ţȴ̲סһֱעǰ
ȵǰͯԺǳųӵķȥʱͯǲ˵ȿȣǸǰκܰϲˡ
ǰŤͷŤƿߣ¶Σлл
ȻڻȲ㣬δҿ϶̫ģͯǲżᶨ˴
һǸԸǰǰԼˡ
ǰȻЩΪʲôͻȻ־л˵Ŷͦõģ͡
ͯǲҪϽȷʵͦõġ
ԣͯǲȴǵõ֧֣¶Цݡ
-
һ磬ͯԺͰӾͽ˼ҲľƵԷ
ǰţ̣ͯԺͰãһ˺С뱭ơ
ȡóɾͣһǳĸ˵顣
ָ˺Լ˲һͯԺͣҲѾԼȡùɾˣҲù
ȴѧҵġ
ͯǲܴСûѧУѧϰȡʲô
Ҳˣǽǵһηָˡ
ǰͱ½ҪȥᣬΪѵ׼ͲCˡ
Ѿ佱ͳԹףˣͯԺ˲׼ǣֻһſ
Ǯ㻨ǰθõһȽĽõġͯԺ¶ЦݣǰԴһȰ
ֿ½룬ºͣ½ѽҲ㵱ҼҵСͰҪʲôֱſˣͰиչˡ
½ͷһչ˺ðġ
ҷ㡭
ͯԺֿǰ
Уͷ˸βΪӽСҲСɣԿС̲סҪչˡ
⻹ǰͯԺһҪôʱ䲻ڼңǸСӣСӣѾõ˷ǳĳɼԱһܺõĴѧˡ
ͯԺ⽾ĳɼҲмࡣ
룬˵չ˺ԼԼҪ
ԱߣͷҲԴ治ڼңĶʲô߲õģʦھͲҪȥעⰲȫҪ۸㣬Ҳǵø߼ˡ
ǰصͷá
ܸоǵĹģЩů
úõģˡͯԺⲻذڰ֡
ͯǲһ߶ǰúõģǮ㻨Сͯǲã˵۸㣬۸͸ңҰʰ
CУ
Ҫ۸ã̾ھУ
˵ֿ꣬½룬ٴζչ˺
֪
ˣʱҲˣͯԺϳ뿪ˡ
ǰͱ½뿴ų뿪Ŷһۡ
ߣȥ᣿
ã
-
ò˵ǰȻǰ뿪ˣͯҸĸһ뵽ηֱٶһϣ;Щˡ
һֱصCУ˶Щͷɥ
Ҳ֪һôܲϰߡ̾
б½ءͯԺֻôο
˵ɱ½ǸҪǰЩʲôú˵ô죿ҪסУܺദ𣿻᲻۸
ͯǲͣѽ˵ˣ˵Ҫȥˣ
Ҹ绰ٶһ£ͯԺⷴʡ
ո˵꣬̾Ӧڿᣬٴɡ
ҲҺüѵֻҪϵϣǾ͸ˡ
û취ǰϾŮӣͯǲȥһ㲻Ҫǲġ
ǰԴһԺҲôչŮãЩĪĵҲǳ
˻ص֮ɶЩǣϾ˳ݡ
ʫͮʱġ
֪ͯȥμӰ佱ģͯ˵ɫ롪ǲͯǰûã
ͯǰأ
ѵ㵽䲻ˣ
ͷһϲ΢΢
ʫͮˮ¶һЦݹĵʫͮôˣʲô𣿡
װ£⻰Ҳֻһʡ
ʫͮȴĿһ롪ǰɴ⣬ǰԼļңʱôʳأ
ڣһжˡ
ʫͮлɬȴ¶Цݣùã֪ǽȥ˾Уǣһһر˰ɣ
ãҲǺָۡѹ̶˳ʫ̫ͮˣɱǲС
ʫͮߵ˿ɻ󣺡أ¥ϣǻûл
ͱ½ھлû
ոտ˸ڣʫͮһϲ
ȻûлһǺͱ½һģ
ǣ˵ôȣҲûʲôطģôھأôûǻ
ڰ֣Ҳû˵ͱ½Ҫѵء
ѵʫͮһ
ѵǾһȽ鰡
ͯǰܹõһȽ
ûעɫԹԵʫͮ㻹֪ɣһȽأ̫ˣ֮ǰЩŬͰҹû׷ѣҽھеʱ򣬿˵ر֣ЩĶ
߶߶޷Ǿ˵ǰǰðʫͮˡ
ȻһȽ
ƾʲô
ʫͮʵ۾Ҫˡ
ҽ̫ˣʫͮҲΪıø˰ɣЦÿ


68 
תת̫, ڿ˰ʫͮеķߺ޺Ͳʡ
ͫһ
ôܣ
ʫͮô¶񣿣
Ҳֻһ˲ոտһ㣬ԷϲãҲθߡ
̫ˣȻõһȽǿһȽ, ̫ˣ
ѵû¶ôʧ̬ĸ, ȴ˿
ʫͮô, ô¶ոĿأ
Լˣ
˿Ҳ¶Цݣѽ̫ˡǰһֱϲ½, Ҳò, ½ҲҲһȽһǵһ
ʫͮ۾΢, ŲţģҲ̫˰ɣ
ѽ, Щѧڡ˵Žļţˡ
ĵط, ʫͮ˶Ҫˡ
ǰõһȽһ޵òе飬ƫƫ佱һ㲻˶¶
ָо˷
ʫͮԼһǿ, ʱ˿̣ǾѾ˰ɡ
Ǳ߰ɳ£ֻȦ
ԷʱͷȦֻһֱûʱ俴ˣЦüۡ
ͯԺ¥֣Ժ, ˵Ļ
ʲôͯԺ, 첽߹ȥ, Ա¡
Цݲã˵ĽôõŮ˵ҪԤǰδϱȻ褲ˣ˵ԤˣԲԲܾˣȻҲ˵ԤҡСӽ꣬ǻῪЦ
ԼŮ㱻˿ĸо̫ˣͯԺǹЦݡ
ܿ죬ǵЦ
ЦǣʲôܴӦǰԺѡʲôԼ飬飬ǼҲһӣ
һۣҵȻϹӦҾǴӦҲûãѵиĸ֮⻰Ҳ˵ĲԣôܼˣԺģ
˼ϾˣôˣһСﲻѽֲ˵ôԺҪ
˼³ˣôܡ

ΧŰ鲻ִңһۡ
ʫͮһԣǵЦѾҪάֲסˡ
Ѿǳ׵׺ˣ
ĹùãҲֻǰ
Ÿոջһ꣬Ѿסʮ˼ûκελˣ
Ҫٹһꣿ
ǲֻͯҵһͨˣ
ʫͮҧгݣҧÿжѪ
-
ǰͱ½ȷʵڿᣬǵĻ᲻һһˣһĽҾͽȫװ
ʱ为һµһʦʦҲίˡ
ֻֿ֧ǽԼ˵ˡ
μѵҪĿĴҲ֪ѡ·ݴμӹʰƥ˵λѧʱбֶᱻ֣ԳͲܵʦͼأԼע˽⡣вμӵģڸ֪һʱŸλʡϵĴʦȥ
ǵģѡ֣ҲһȽ֮ҲûлȥסھƵꡣ
뿪
ʱأǼѵ³ĹأҲǸǸıֻᡣ
ʦϿݵĹ۲ʱ䣬ֻڳͳѧ׳ͷ
һҲϣϾͲ֮ĹҲû˭ʲôõ飬ǰǾν
˾ܾˣѡ˳
ǵҲ˽⣬ǾԼܳΪ֮һ
ǻ϶Ǽϴѧ߼ϸ߶ѧ
˵ˣȻûϣѡϣβȥúøϰ߲ϰٻȥǢһҪ͵Ĵѧ
мϴѧģõһȽĶǺӣǰӴһ´ѧʦ𣿻߻ؼ־Ը׼ϴѧ
ͲҪ˷ʱˡ
Ҳˣֱʮˣֻʣһٶˡ
Ȼѵڼ䣬ֻҪʱȥʦǩ֣Ȼί뿪ġ
Ҳ¹涨
˻ѡ£ѡҲѧϰһʱ䣬һԽӴôѧ
ҲǺܺ
и˵뷨Ҳ˲ͬѡ
ȵЩ뿪ˣʣµһٶˣҾͲԵôˡ
ʦԼͽЩҪ뿪ˡ
һӾ
ǰȻǺͱ½һģʦߺǶһۣһ¶ǳǳЦݡ
Ƕ֪Ҫȥȡ֮һġ
ʶһ£ҽ󡣡ű½¶Цݡ
ǰѾʶˣͲҪʽкʶ
½΢΢ǣҲ֣½롣
ۣԸҲ̫˰ɣҹ۲㲻ʱˣϾû˵ǰͱ½ǰ棬һϡؿű½롣
½򴽡
ǰæ˵ѧԸȽ㲻Ҫ֡
ͯǰѧá۾һУŻЦ˵ɣʲôϵҶüοһˣ
ֱӰ롣һŮ
ǰ߿ȥϳ·
ܹǰʶˣ˵㡣
·߶ϸͬϵ
ҲϵTOPǰѧУ
ħˣ֪ΪʲôͳϤ
ǰ˵½ĸ磬ֶ˶١
ǲ׸磬Ȼְǵĸӹϵ
Ͼͱ½Ĺϵȷʵһ仰˵ġ
ǡ
½ֱȴ·֣½롣ǰһסУæչһ
·಻ħŮСмִֿһǴӡ
˵˵·ֺͱ½վɿ۾ǰŻЦϲŮˣôÿСŮҿ϶ñ۸ģ
½΢ɼü
ǰȴ̲ס·Ц˳
·̼ۣЦȻСűˣ
ǰ
½룺
ʼˣողӦ·չǰ
˵ʲôſ˹
ͣĲǺÿֵǰϣͣ˱½ϣ֣ą̃ҾʶǰˡһΪĸB
мְģݰҲᣬӢŵСƢ
Ȼ½벢һƵˣ˵ҲԸĸ֣ĸAġ
ۡ
ס졣
˱½һۣҲû
ξɼڵĲ˶ΧģΧ˸˹ˣ󣬼˶˹һʶĵ÷ǳˡ
Ͱ̶̷ǳߵˣȫ̶û䳡ĵرˡ
ĳңίʦһǰűʺͱӣȻһ߿һʼǡ
һ˵ͰǶӳúǿ䳡
ڵҲһǶӳͷ˷ܵĲǶӳһ˵Ĺʰƥ˾Ҳģʽиͷˣûѧúñ֡
СһʦЦ˵СӲǶӳǸͷ
ǿٹ۲һ±½ͯǰȻǶûô˵ҲûвȣȦΧǷɢġ
˵˱̸ɣ


69 
̸

, һλʦ˵Ҳͦ䡣
Ϲ˵ʲôأһ߶һ϶ҪѧϰΪ, ʲô, Բһλʦ˵
ʦʼ, ҲͲЦ
ǱҲֻǿЦ, Ҫͯǰĺͱ½, ǿ϶ҲȰǺúѧϰҪĵġ
λʦٰԣֿʼ۲ѧ
-
ǰ֪֪Լڱ۲죿
ʵܹµ, ͱ½˶ûмűԼϾѡѧǲμȥ, ȥμӱ۵ġ
ֻҪչԼ͹ˡ
ĵʱ, ָԽؾƵ꣬ſʼʽסʳõķˡ
ϣʦֽѧټһ˸ᡣ
޷˵ѧİţ켸㼯, ôʡ
ȵ˵֮, ʦѧȥֻǵǰ
ʦ, ҲֻҪٶǼ䡣õĶһȽ, һȽ, ڲ, ϶ҲǲĶԲԣйʾǧҪʦᶨ, ߽ˡ
ǰ󶼵ͷ
ҲǴʡ֪ͨ, ܹξĹҶ, ʡһȽĽ⣬ܹڹʾýǽӷ񣡡
ʦ¶Цݣʡɾָˣý飬ʡѾʼأ
ǰһۣһ˵ǻᾡģ
ãʦǸܲǰ棬ԹȫԸ
ҪܽҶӣʡ϶ǹٵģҲʡѧӵ
ˣȥϢɡʦͰ˵
ãʦҲϢ
ʦټ
ǰ˲뿪˳ȥ֮Ÿ̾һ䣺ʦǼˣǰʡһȽ˱ζˣǿصӣûгͷ
еӣȻָ
ǰû˵ʲôֻ򴽣Իľеź
-
ڶһ磬ǰʦ뿪
ȻҲֻ͵ƵſڣˣҲҪȥѧУˡ
ҲˣҲ䡣
ǺͽСѩһģСѩ˵ǰҪͣȡҶӡýΪǹ⣡
ǰЦЦͷһᾡġ
ʢЦιͯǰҾҪCѧϰˣѧҿɲ㿼ң
͡ǰ΢Цգգ۾Ҳѧϰģԡ˭ǵһɲ˵㡣
ʢȴ¶Цݣ˴ȥһˣǳ˺һභ
ȵ˵꣬ȻҲ˹
ǰһ¡
¶һЦݣͯǰͬѧ֮ǰллͽСѩͬѧ͵ķˡ֮ǰЩħˣûúǵл
ûÿǰæ֣һС¡
˶٣񻹴ŵǣ᣺һûãҲǾûлˡ
ȻˣֻҪݵģгͷĻᡣ
ЦݼӴǻȻ
أѾ뿪ˣʱˣ˵ңҲңӦóеĺҲӦҡ׼һ꣬ڶиʱͻѧ˹
Ȼ뿪ˣ򵱳жѧΪھлñʸĻͲѡصи
ѡһ֪ȥѧУ
ѡУ̹ȻȥԼĽ˵̬Ѿǿ
ǰ¶Цݣѧͣ
ͻȻԻĹˡ
˵һӿ϶ָĿͻмȥĻᣬ˲ⱲӾˡ
-
ǰЦŻӻ֣ͱʡĿ뿪
ȵʧУת
Ȼոת㿴Զվű½룬ַڿ㶵棬
ǰ¶һЦݣ첽߹ȥ
½Ҳ¶һЦݣȵ߽˲һżѵѧУ߹ȥ
ֻһٶѧȻҲͳһһ˷װһģһɫ·ַ˷ķҲѾ˳
ǰҵԼţ¥ȥ
ΪǼѵ˶úѧϰӶ̺ˣһסĸˣÿһ涼һոµϴþߡ
ֵŮһŮͲֻ࣬ᣬһỹֻˡǰ·
ǰոʰԼĶ¡УһŮ˽
ѽȻǺãСű޷ֵһ𣡡·ֱӶ䣬չǰ
ǰ֣
·æɿ¶ģҸոǲˣ
ҲǵĴִֽŵԼûƺ
ǰû
Էʵᣬǰϰ߱ԼѲ࣬¶һһ߶һסУƽʱϵҲ̫ܡ
СѩҲǸܿˣ·ԸˣǰǵһνӴ
Ǿͺã·Լһ£ȻһǳСڡˡ
ǰεҡҡͷʵֻͦˣһ˻·
ȵˮ˻α±ˮˡ
·һֱע۾һţȥˮԺˮĻҸˣС첲СȵİűŵҾУ
˵꣬ˮƿ˳ȥ
ǰ
Ȼǰ£ôǸС첲Сȡűޡžôþأ
-
ͦ˼ģҸоʱ϶Ȥǰһ߳ԷһЦ۾
ξϣʹһ꼶·Ϊѵġ
ǲһطˣΪͬѧĻҲС
·˸󣬵ǰδҪȥѧУǸ
½гŶǰ˵
üͷ΢΢ŵģΪ֡ǰѾ˵·һˣһǿ佱·
½룬һǰ
ţǰ̧ͷ۾ġ
½뵽ڵĻֲ֪ô˵ˣǰ٣ÿһϧôأ
Σ½ҡҡͷ״Цû£ֻ˵㽻ѣҲҪ˸͸ˡ
ȻᣡǰԲ۾ǳ϶˵ҿ϶Ǻ͸һԷϿҲǺ͸һ𣡡
½ԣ΢΢תá
ǰ׼˵ʲôʱֻ𶯡
ϿǰصֻոոͯԺͰϢƽͻûصֻ
ˣһİĺ롪
ιλ
绰ͷ֪˵ʲôǰ΢΢һʦѽ
ŶŶá
Уҵʱ򿴿ɡ
õģллʦ
˵꣬ǰŹ˵绰
½΢΢ɻ󣺡ôˣ˭绰
Ұľʦǰֻ¶ЦݣĩԳɼˡ
Ŷ㿼ô


70 
½¶Ц, Ȼ
ǰո˵ɼʱЦ˵ģɼúܲ
ȻǰЦݲ䣺, ƻǵһ, ʢٲеһ, һ
Խڶʱ, ˿һģһķԽǲס
Ǻʢ൱
ǰҲȼ˶־, ŵȵȫͶ뾺߶ȫͶ뵽ѧϰС
Ҫʢһϸ¡
ʦ绰˵ʲô£½ʡ
Ƿһ³ɼ, ûҪǰ绰ģ϶顣
ǰͷʦ˵ϣһȥһ, ҸоǱΪѵˡ
ô룿½ʡ
ĩϢһ, ٻȥһˣһʦǰ˼һ£˾
½ͷû, ֻǶһ䣺·עⰲȫ
أ
-
ѵĿγ̰űȽ, һ㶼ۿΣʵΡ
ƱȽɵĿγ̰, ȴвμӼѵѧ۵òᡣ
ʦһҲܶҵ, ֻһ˼, ȻôԼ˼
ܲμӼѵѧ, ɶǳѧҲԸΪ˼ѧ, Ҳ, һ˼, ƵЩѧʳζ˼
Ͽεʦỻʱһ춼һʦʱÿ컻һʦ
ͱ˿̣ڸϿεľǳʦ½ʦ
ǰ½ʵЩģݺԴǴξ佱ʱͳʦվſڵӰ
ǿ϶ʶ
½ƽʱȽϿεʱ򡭡
͸ˣ
˵ѧˣǳͽܣҲ
ҪúãλʦҲһ㲻Ŀ޵ġ
ϴ˼⣬Ҳúõģ˵½롢󡢳ͯǰ·ѧǾ÷ǳɫ
½ǰǼ˵ҵóһԣҾͷҶôġǼҲ࿴Էôġ
æͷ
½˿ʱ䣬Űֱڱ󣬻λƳ˽ҡ
Ÿո߳ңѧ̨ϳ壬Ҫúõѧôġ
һ˶˾Ͷˡ
ܶһѷͳȥԸ˺ǶǶѧôԸһأ
ȻҲвġ
õ˵ҵһҪͿ϶ܿһ۾ͽˡ˱Ų֣˺Ҫֳ̨һš
ǰ˷ȥãȻؿŶԷ
룬ǰ飺ҪȻǻ˵һ˵˼·
½ͷ˵ɴдںڰϰɣ˿϶ҲҪʡ
ǰһҲǣͱ½Ͻ̨۱ʡ
Ҳϣһٶ˵ĽҺڰҲСҲվ£ԷһƬд
ò˵ǰּġ
ʱǵԭҲˣдԭΪԼǵ治϶Ҫ۷ֵġ
֪ʱֶд֣ʵҲȺЩдĺˡ
ǰ֪ºҲǿЦá
˺ܿдˣѧע⵽ǵĶλãǸԳԼĽ˼·Ҳѧʡ
ۡ粵
ǶİߣۻѧУ꼶
ǰҲУϲѧϰΧ
ͷ
һȺűʼǱ¼ŵʦ
ѽǺӣǾǿδϣ
ܴ˼ʽ·ҲǴϸǺѽ
½ѧ˵Ǹţĳλʦ۾ɴ
ͯǰᵽǰһλʦü
һλʦҲ˵ϽҲ棬һ
ԭΪŬ츳ѧʵһʼûŽ˱ѡ֮һġ
ʼ磬Ǳóϣ츳ŬҪ˵ǰٷ֮һУӰٷ֮ʮŵĺˮǣٷ֮һУԶȰٷ֮ʮŵĺˮҪ츳УǾͲߵġ
˵꣬ʦ˵ͷǳͬĻ
˺ܿüΪͯǰѧǸ⡣ĿǰΪֹΪͨеٮٮߣӦǱȲλ츳ʵϣȴһҲû¡
ٿɣŲһڣ۲ʱ仹
š
-
ǰ֪Լʦǵó˺ܾãҲ֪Լıжô֡
ææµµһ֮Ϣ죬ٻCС
иʵ飬ȵ궼ѾˣǰĻƱҲϡ
ȵCУѾ賿
彫˻ȥͯһ˶ڵ
ôû˯أõҵģѾôˡǰΡ
ͯԺۣѵ۰ɣһڣˣ
ͯǲصͷһͬ
ǰΣУһûݡ
϶ˣԵ㶫¥˯ǰڲ£ֿͯǲ˵ǲ㻹ȥ˯ˣȥ˯˰ɣ컹ҪΡ
ϸѧôҡ
ͯǲҡҡͷŲȥѾþûмǰˣͦģȻҪ
ǣһǰ˶һϴ˯
ڶһ磬ǰͯǲ͸ϳȥˡ
ǰȥѧУͯǲȥΡ
ҲڲΣʦǼ岹Чʵһ㣬ͯǲ׼ϽˣѡʦһһΡ
ҲˣȥѧУ
ǰѧУȥ·ϻ롭
ľҪΪʲô
-
ѧУ
ľҲܣһʼԤ˵ģͯǰһģ
ǣ˵ԤԤһ˵һԤˣץΣƽİ취ץΣҪץˣҾԲ˵ʲô
ޣҲŲҪץΣʲôأͯǰҰϵѧľǲͯǰһͱҪҰϣ
ҲΪҿɻûк̸Ǳһιƽȡᣡ

˳췭ظľԴˡ
ԴͯǰȫѧһȽλʦǰˣĩԳɼ˼ֱ
ԭЩ˼ǰĩɼ̾Ƥ
ϵĺóɼЩɼֿһӾͺ˲١
һѾиʢˣͯǰȥһ࣬껹ʲôͷ
ҲˣƤҪҪͺεȡһ¡
ץΣҲ˻ᡣ
εɣһҪͯǰģһ˿Ӱ춼ҪˣҪ˵ץֻһܵѡ
˼ţֱ޲ô
Ա߿мצдζһ档


71 ѡ
ĻǼצ, һһ߾ſҪһοš
ʦҲĬĬԹϣϾǻûʽż, ѧ, Ҳûʲô, ѧУ꼶ָ֯ĻᣬֻгԹˡ
ѧʦչʦצǱƣԲԣ
ó𣿡
óԣ
ҳһ
ǣһ߳żצһš
˵ͯǰȥλʦǶ
ε
ʦզ֪
֮ǰиҲͯѧǵðɣ
ǵá
ͯǰ鷳Ŷߵģ޲ûһ˴ѧϰ
ʦզô˽ͯǰ
ֱ

Ǳʦڻ׼ľ
ʦ, ô˵ͯǰǲӦһ࣡
һѾʢ٣ôôǰһץˣʦ˵ǲǣ
ľһ𳳳ˣͯǰ
Ȼ󡭡
ǰʱ߽ġ
ո, ʦ
, Ӱ˹
һץ, һץ, ʼࡪ
ͯǰͬѧһɣʣһչ˺ģ
ͯǰͬѧ, ɣһѾʢ, Ƕ໹ûų, , Ҳչ˺ģ
Ҫ𣿣ͯǰѾǰԤˣ
϶ʢˣҲͷ𣿡
ɣ

ǰҲһ±ƣʦһߣһұߣ˶ҡҡλΣһһҡ
ڸʲô꼶εĺ
εǿЩͣˣȴûɿһɿǰҪȥһһ
꼶һҲ֪ôˡ
֣˵ȥǱ˵ͯǰͬѧˣҪ׼ȡμӹʰƥ˾أ
꼶Ǹ·˶ǰֱһ㣬ʵǻǺܿƵġ
˵һȰؿǰͯǰͬѧǻڼѵôѧУѽ
ǰ
λųơ򡱵꼶ΣǶѧǶʦôȰʱҲˣǲϰ߰ڳ飬沿ЩŤ
ǰֱܳæ˵żһ죬һ
ûľģѾҪ뿪ľİˣǸһӰɡ
Ȼľ˿˿ҲЩڡ
ȻǰܹܺõĽ£˼׼Ϊʵ̫Ϻˣ
ҪǱ꼶֪Ҫ
ǰû̸мؿǰһۡ
ʵ꼶ôῴ
ôһ٣ǰܻܵѧУ
⿴ľһۣöԷ˸¡
꼶Żͷʰľ
Ȱ˵ǾҪȵԺٻǲǱȽϺãԺҪǵãʲô鶼û㾺Ҫȥĸ࣬Լ
ǰͷ˿ε׼˵
æ˵ͯǰͬѧ濼һ¶ɣǶҪʱ򡣡
һҲҪ
ۼҪˣǰæϣʵһѾˣ
˵꣬ʮȾϹεʱĿһ
ѵͯǰҲϲƢЩ
ǰ˵ллʦ̧ҸҪȥһࡣ
¶һЦݣǼᶨ
˽Ķ֪ʵǸǳִˣͲı䡣
ôȥġ
Ͼʫͮڶࡣ
˰ʫͮʱô
ξֽӴôţͨЩˣԽʱϧôԸ˷ʱʫͮأ
һõѡ
꼶εͷȻͯǰͬѧѾ뷨ˣǵʱȥһɣʦҪúÿѧ֪𣿡
ǣε۾Ҳǳ
һʧ
ʦǰҲкܶѧ֮ǰÿζǰһƽָߣúǵİĺӰɡ
Ŷáʧ
Ҳû˵ʲôʵһֱ֪ǰҪȥһ࣬ɼõ̶ȣѾ׿Ա͵ģѧУҪġ
Ȼûѡࡣ
飬꼶αˣκǰ˸кҲǣǿЦˡ
εֺǰ˵˻޷ǹͣúòμӾȵȡ
ȵε뿪ǰֱߵʦǰ¶Цݡ
ʶߡ
ǰæ˵ʦھо佱ʱ򣬺񿴵ˣ㡭
ûңվצϣһе£ȳȥˣ
ţͯǰҲ뿪һ죬ʹɣ
뵽ܵ÷ɿ졣
ǰȴû׷ֻ¶һЦݡ
Ǹ˺½ʶˣȻǳʦ
֮ǰȻȷ׻мֵǲԼˣڿʦӦȻ
-
ûеȵϣʱǰͻؾˡ
Ȼ˵Ϣһ죬ѧ϶ȥ棬æ˼⣬оʵ飬ǰȻԸⵢˡ
û뵽ոջصѧУ͵õһ𾪵Ϣ
ҪһʵΣ
ôֱˡ
ÿѧУĶһȽѧҪ޽ڵģ᲻ᱻ˸ˡ
޽ڡǰ鸴ӡ
½ЦЦñԴˣȵ֪Ǹʲôˡ
ǰԴ˵ֻ룬ǸʲôԸʦ᲻ᡭȽ
½˼һ˵㿴⣬ӦòǸŰĽڣͲ֪ˡ
ΪҪ飬ѵӶǳ֣λ޽ڡ
ɣλ޽Ǹǳˡ
ѾʮˣܺãһҲûн飬Լ׸Ҳûиͽܣǲѧ
ֻżҪоԱȥ˵ܶоԱ޽ϼֲһ£Ҫ¼һĿģȴֻջǳ
ԼоҲ˾ѧĽһְ
ϿΣ
Ƿǳġ
ǰǶѾ˸ԸϵĲ²⣬ǺõĻǲõģȴû뵽
˻Ǵһ
޽絽ģһ͵ʵèš
ѧȥʵΣ⣬˴Сʱ޽ڲų
ĵһ仰ǡ
ôè𣿲֪𣿣
ˣ
Ǽֱû˵ˡ
ǣƽʱͷѧ˷ֳ֣һ죬պһ졣
ǰͳǵڶ ֵġ 
½·ڵһ ֣ڵ֡ 


һ ʵΣǰǾʵԼʵ顣 
ܶѧʵ飬ôϿΡ
˹ȥ͵޽ڵĿγϧǾ͵Ҳ׬ˡ
ǰûȥ͵Ҳ͵ʲôģұ½棬ġ
ǣͷԼʵ顣
Լʵ飬֮ǰʦûн̣ġ
ǰûʱԼĥڼѵӣǰԼĥ
ʵ飬ʱʱܹһȵػ˵
޽ˣ
ȵʱ򣬸ڵŲŴ򿪡
ˡ
¶


72 æ
ǰһ, ¶
ǡʱ½˳ɫƽ¿ʱһģһ, һûбֳʲô˺ͻ
·ڱ½, ۿЩ졣
ǰ͸סˡ
, ǰס·ʲôûпʡ
ȵԶʵ֮ǰ¶ı飬½롣
̽Լʳ᲻·ġ
Ȼ·һ·֮˵״̬ͺöˣһһЦݣʲôʰ, ûµģҲôС¶ܲ𡣡
ǰֽ
ְƵ½ϡ
ͱ½붼ǳ˽Է, Ҳ, ½򵥼仰Ͱѽľȫ˵, ƹ·, ·Լ˵ǰ
Ҳȷʵʲô˵õ顣
ԭǽ򾢽ʵΣȵȥ, ֻ˵š
˵꣬ԹԼԼʵ顣
ʵʵ֮, һԼҪ, Ѷȷǳ, ͲЩܹġ
Ǵм俪ʼȻûҪʲô
Ϊ򾢵Ƣһʼû˸ġ
ԼţͿʼȥ¼ݣѧǶͷԣȫ֪Ӧô¼Լü¼¼ĸݵȵȡ
Ҳʲộֱ³һ֣
ЩѧŵòС
·СǱŵģʵϣȡúóɼЩˣ󡢳·ǰ̵ˣԸȽŵġ
Ҳ飬Լ˼
ʦûкܶѧηηš
ǰͱ½ҲģֻΪرϲ˵ϲԼ˼
һһѧˣ·̲סվֱԵ޽ڣҾʵѶȲڿӦģûͷûβûϢû취ʵġ
򾢵߿ڣԣ
޽ڣ鷳΢Ϊǽһ𣿡
·˵꣬޽ڱ俪ڣûҪΪһȺ˼Ĵͣ
ԣ·ЩΪʦסˡ
û뵽ɨУϵֿ֣۱ַԱߵ˵·һȽΪ˸һȽͺ˲𣿲һ˼Ĵˣ
ո˵ָһ˿ǵ·һˣȻǸ˺ġ
·ۿʱͺˣȻĿѧˣȻûνŮֱ𣬸νϧ
·ˣȴɨһۣ˵ҪҽҽͣǾʵǿѧΧڵģٴθǣǿֻΪǴ
ֵǰʵĵһ֣һװĴŵʽֱǾͿˣֻװĻ绻ҵоˣ̫ǡ
򾢽ǰӵʵǽˣ˵˶ˡ
Ȼ˵һʵܶ඼֪Ķ֪ôѶȣ
˵װʵģõĺƽʱװһ
ͻȻ޽ʲô˵ͰôѵһʵǰǴͷʼǰӴȫһģʽȻúܶץϹˡ
޽ڱˣȷʵǸûн˱ʦ
ֵ֮˱½룬½ܹ¼ˡ
˵˾䣺㻹иġ
ոչȥǸ磬Ժܶѧ˵ֱϢ˻
ǰֱĿɿڴԲ۾ű½·
·ѾȫˣЦЦûˣʵʦҲ˵öԣԼʵһȱ۲졣
ǰҲ֪˵ʲôˣֻܸ̾һ䣺´ζ࿴ʵɣίὫ޽϶ǵ뷨ġ
ֻ룬޽ڡ
鴫
Թֶصң·ܽԼ쿴ʵ飬һ߲һо½ڸǰǺ޽Ǹʵ顣
ʵϡ
Ҳûʲôýġ
ǸʵǼȲ֪ͷûпҪʲôóʲôû֪
ǰ룬ͦ뿴ʦһʵģ
ʱί칫ҡ
½£Ǹѽⲻ۸ѧ𣿶ǿı֣ЩѧǺӣҪǱˣǶʧ
æ
ѽû£򼷿˵ģǽȻ˴̼ûǸŬ𣿡
ǵĽҲ˳˳ˮ޽ڸǼӵѹҲǺõ
ѽҸǿѹ»˼ʦҪĿģ̻ܽѧʲôҲǲָġ
ڣҪˣȥæİɣ¿ͺˡ

½ߺߵ˵ƾʲôҶҲŲҪҵҪʲô۶ӣ
ʵϣȻӲûܵǰȥҳӡ
-
ڶֵǰϿˣǶǰ׼ϣֺܶ˶ΪסԲٷ
Ƕ֪ô¼ǸʵˣȻ
һֻʵˣ
ˡ
ǰҲǾһ£ܿ侲ʼ۲ʵ顣
棬޽Լʵ˲ǣֻڰ֣ˣԼ¼ɣ
˵꣬ͲԼʵ顣
ѧʼ۲죬ǰҲڹ۲죬һ߿޽ʲôһԼдݡ
ʵ޽ڽĽѧʽеʦ֮ǰʦʱ򣬵˺ҲԼһʵ飬ǰԼԱ˼
޽ʵҪѶˣ˵ѹҲȳʦˡ
Ҳûпͷ֪޽Ҫʲô
˹۲죬дš
ǰͳǰţɲ޽ںʦĶԹԹһع۲ţҲûм¼ʵ顣
룬ָһĶ˵ʦԼװĺں𣿡
̧ͷһۣͷʵ飬ֻǿ˵ţ㵹ǱǸûϢʦõ㡣
ӣû˵
ͷ棬½ţǷſңҪ
ڣ侲侲˷š
-
һʵΣȫڹ۲ʵ飬ǰǸסģû˿ʵʵݡ
ȻҲڿЩ
û뵽ȵҪ¿εʱȴΧŽҰһȦÿһ˵棬һٲȻ
ûݣΪʲôûд
һǰıʼǱһۣ˵˺Ұɡ
ǰãȻ˺򾢰ڰ֣Ƕߡ
ԼѾͷʵ飬Ͳٴǡ
ȵǰԼ˺ıʼǱȥ󣬲㶵롪
ûп޽ڼݣ
ԡ
˺ԼݣΪԼûǣȥˣ
ǰˡ
ֱû뵽޽ڲ춾ǳƤ
-
죬ѧ޽߹һ⡣
Ȼ޽ڵһ³ƺš
ֱˣ
ѧΨб½˾䡰иġǿ޵ĻгǾ䡰ûϢʦõ㡱
ǰûû˼ջ񡰴֡
ûбΪ̫࣬˾䡪㻰ôô࣡
Ҳˣ޽ϵҴѹûм
ǰԭΪ½ŵӦû⣬ȴû뵽챡½Ͱˡ
һǶû뵽ԭ򡭡
ǿ޽ڿ޵һˣϾʱһʼϿ޽ھǰȥæݡ
˼⡣
֪½꣬򾢾˾䡪
Ȱһǻģȥ
˶ˣȻ½뵹ǵĬĬȥԼλ£·ո򾢲һ㡣
ǰԭ޽ʵûκβģȻ֪֮ߣ
ʦʵ̫ˣôô˵㣡
½ǳؽԼǰϲݫƬЩȥǴЦʵۺܶԣǸȰˣȻϲҡ
ǰסű½롣
԰ɡ½ЦԴ
ǰȴǷӦ۶Ա½˽⣬һ
룬̽硭Ժѧ𣿡
ѧ
ǰ
-
ʱֵǰϿΡ
Ϊ֪򾢻½ԭ򾢾ûκβ˵ˡ
λʦȷʵǸΰˡ
ѧܹߵ죬ȱЩԴޱȰˡ
ȻǸиԸ޽ڵ춾ȷʵôϲ˾ͷĹס
챻½ˣ򾢽첻뿪˵Թʵ飬ǡ
ѧǻǷǳع۲ĻͶӰʵ̣¼ݣô࣬¼ʲô¼ʲôҪ͹۲ġ
ò˵򾢵ĽʽֱҰ
ûģ߶Ȱģѧ
һֱ¿ΣҲûмҵֻǰڰ֣뿪
ˣǰûߡ
룬¼ݵıӱţߵǰ棬ݸ
̧ͷ
ǰ¶Цݣʦ뿴ʵ飬֮ǰ¼ݣһ԰¼
ǳֱ׵ĽףҪʵ飬Ұݡ
򾢿Σ˵ͷ
ǣǰûߣʵ顣
ȵʱѾȫʵˣȫ˲϶ӵĽʵԽãԽ֪Ҫʲô
ԳУ뿪
ԭĽҪûȥԷ϶ȥԵģ߸ͷ
Ȼ򾢣˺˲һίǳ˽ǰҲûз顣
ȰȥԷģҲһˡ
ҲˣҶΪͨϰ˵ңͻʵ뿪ʱͻȥԷˡ
ǰ۲ʵ顣
ۿۡš
ǿŵģҲˣǰһ̧ͷͿ½һվſڡ
ôˣǰʡ
½˻ϵĴӣͷ
Ͷʵһ̧ͷͿ˱½룬һ㲻ʵʲô
½һҲԹ˽еԣҲǰͷġ
غһ
ǰҲһߣ־ǰͦʡµġ
˻ֻ࣬Լ۲죬ܰæ¼ݣżܴĦŸݵ㶫ǳá
ǰȴ֣½ĴС
ЦЦ˵ʦҲԵ㷹ɡ
Ҳ׼˵ԼԣӾͲ̨ؽˡ
򾢣
ǣǰڽҵĺϣĬĬ
½ǰǰ棬һ߿ԣһʱʱˮ䡣
ȥϢҸ㷢ļͱˣֲú˯ĥ
ʲôļǰ档
һ˼⣬ٿɡ
á
ȿˮҭˡ
õġ

Աߣؿһۡ
Σ̲ס춾һ䣺¡
Ȼ͸ʵҵʦ̸
ûң·϶ҪǸϳȥġ
Ȼ˵⻰½ǰҲֻεؿһۣ㡭ջߣͱ½˵
˳극½ôӽţӲɾ뿪
ոǸʵۿҪˣԱ򾢾Լս
ǣոǸʵ鶪ǰֻ˵˾䣺Ҹոǵðݼ¼ãҵҪã
˵꣬ȥԱ߿µĹ
ǰ
ҲǸСģǸϲԼĥģ򾢽Լĥһģ¸ո飬һ˵˼ţҪһ߼¼š
Ҳ˴ŲæؿԱߣ˵ʦĶˣ
ûգ
ҪǲҼԼϹȥʵǰˡǰǳ˵
򾢣
ͻȻãѾͷŹɣʵǸСһ˵Ķ
ǣ첽ȥ߷ָһطǰ
ǰһҲֻժȡõĲԽ۾Խ
Щ㶼֪𡱡ڸɻˡ
ҶѹûϷš
޽һֱȻڶʱʵνԵǰʲôû˵Ȼ¼ݡ
ˣõġ
ı½룬ȻûҲûָ
ԭ޽ֻ죬ʵ黹һС֣һ죬ĩǰһȥʵҡ
ûߣ˵æǱߣߣʵܳˣ
м
ʵʵһҲѣʵĿģҲΪ֤һݣһߡѧһ֤
ԾͻǺܸ˵ģߵ죬ҲͲ˷ˡ
ǰʲôû˵Ӧһ֮󣬱㿪ʼʵ顣
вľʣȻϰҪ˴ȴҲָǰɻ
ǰҪĶ
ҡ
һʦűӣһ߿űϹͯǰһҳһ˼š
ΣͻȻ˵Ҵ֪֮ǰΪʲôһֱͯǰѧжˣҲ֪Ϊʲôˡ
ʦ
Ƕ⻰ʲô˼ͯǰһ츳ߵѧȴǸ⡣
ǷǳᣬҲǳжϡ
½ҲڣԴ޽˺ϲڼ￴޽ڣһ߿һ
ϴ޽ںͳ˵ȴְǴΣòС
ԣһѧǻͦõģɵܹʲô϶Ǹ鳣


73 
κʱ, ½Ǵ򾢣һ
ʦεҡҡͷ˵֮ǰܹ, ͯǰ츳, ǲ½롢󣬶Բԣ
ԡʦ˵ͷ
Ϊڷһҵѧߵڣ޽ڶ̬ȣнĶ, Լƽʱʱķ֡
˶, ˵Ǳϣţţ
ڿѧ·ϣ츳, ߲ãһλʦ̾
߲𣿡
λʦһ, ᶨ˵
ڵԼ, ޵ѧ
컨岻, Ϊԣ컨ʵһֱ̧ģ
컨, 츳Ӱš
ܶ츳ˣŬ컨Ҳˡ
λʦǳ϶ʵѾ۲ͯǰüˣЩѧ棬ʵǿЩģǶڹ۲졣
ѡ, Ŀǰвʮѡ, ȵѵԺ, һοԲοҪȷսλѧˡ
ͯǰǱѡ֮һ
֮ǰǳٳٲȷΪ츳ˡ
ɿ⼸ʵ飬æԽԽӣԽԽˣʼЩ裬ٵֿ˺ܶ࡭
ĵԡ
ÿοƵٽ㣬ٱһԼ컨̧һЩ
һεʱͻúܺá
Ҳˣо츳籡½뼸ˣȴδӣһֱǰ档
ܰ򾢵æ˵һЩ⡣
λʦʦЩĬԽԽ
츳ⶫȫֻƾоš
öһ֪ܶԼĸô츳
ͯǰ컨岻̧ġ
ֻҪһһŬδܹʲô̶ȡ
Ըȴ־ȻִسһǰС
һѭ
Σ½˵ͯǰѧǳȣ˵סģ½˼̫Ծÿͯǰʱһһȴ򣬷ǳ¡
һᶨҾãȥμӹʰƥ˵ģӦһ
-
ǰ֪ЩʦѾȷҪΪ֮һ˿̣ںʵ顣
λʦһʵ飬ȫ
򵥵ģú٣ҪȫעͶУǿ򾢵Ľࡣ
տʼʱǰ÷ǳۡ
ޱҳĸʵ飬ԼԼϲ˼ʵ飬Ӧǿȵ⡣
ԽǽţԽǽԴӦҲԽǿ죬ģȫ򾢵Ľˡ
Ҳֻ֪ǸûѧĸҲﳬ顣
ʵһӲʦ
һǰȻԼ̱ˣѧĶҲԼоСµĻҪ࣬һڣܶҪʵˡ
Ҳֻǰ֪򾢵ʲô
֮ǰͨһ㷽ʽóһݣ˺üԼȷĹʽͶ
ȻҪ֤ԼĶԲԣˣ򾢾ҪдʽͶȻ󷢱ȥ
ʵֻ֤һС֣һС־ѾôˣѶȡ
Ҳˣʣµ֤ҪȥԼʵңõõʵĲС
ߵʱǰۿ򾢸˵ʵ顣
һЦˣЦݲõ˵㶨ˣ
ŷһԵļҳֱֽߡ
߳ˣԼʲôǣ˻
ѵãǰɫǰŵģ˵ͯǰҪؾѧˣиʵҾھѧиȽҪʵоһ£оȥ
˵꣬ˡ
ǰæ˾䡣
򾢽Ųһ٣΢΢šü
ţλͯǰͬѧҲǰЩѧһɣ
ǰȴ˵ߵˣʦ˷𣿡
⻰һ£ΣŲ뿪ֻһ䡪
ˣСԼ԰ɣ
أѾˡ
ǰԣ㵡
ںȴǰı½Ҳ㶡
Сѡ
ǰ룬ʦ˵ԭΪֻ춾û뵽ôô֣
½ȴ룬ǰС
ԭΪͷԼüû뵽ûüﻹЩֵ𡭡
½뻹δ룬ǰ˹磬ʦˣݡףֻһݣ
Щȵؿ
½û߰ͷֻ¶һЦݣǾҪˣǸѧˣһҪ뿪Էģֻһݡ
ǰεҡͷʦһ˻ôԣȷʵѧ˲ٶ
߶߶˵ָĶǰ֪ʲôҪͱ½ġ
½Цš
ȵ˵꣬򿪷УԷɡ
ȰĹλǰ˵ţҡҡͷʦȻûʵ֮Ҫõ뷨
½뽫ȥŷţȥʰ
˵꣬޳һ˫ǰ
һʰһǰ޽ڸո˵Ļʲô뷨
ǰһ߳ţһƫƫͷ󣺡ʲô
½㵡
ǰûϸ˵ǻ˼
ε˵޽ڸոո˵Ժô
ǰԲ۾
Ϊֻ˵˵ôǡԺȥ
ǻ˵ʵңһоȥһھѧǸȥġ½εҡҡͷ
ͻȻãǰĳЩ򾢻ͦġ
һ
ԴоѧϰĶװˡ
ҲãģͲõ˹ˡ
ǰ϶᲻˹ߵġ
뵽ͷı½Ϭâ¶
ǰȴžϲʦ˼𣿣̫ˣԺһҪȥ
½̧ͷʱеĿѾΣʦӡôã˶ôôԸѧϰ
Ϊ֪Ķܹ࣡оȰȻˣҲҺܶණǰ¶Цݣʵ飬ʵоĿôδҹۿҲԸ̴ҡ
Ϭ棬ʵǺܲġ
½ЦΡ
룬˵ɣ򾢾ԣԷһпˣΪ˰ҵԷһС
ôע˲һѧߡѧҡ
ǰȴԣʺϵľ·ˡ
½̧ͷԵŮƲס¶Цݡ
-
ѵӵӷǳæµתۼͰѮˡ
ֿһԣɼûйȥίǿһһᣬҪȷļ
ѧ򽹼ȴš
ʵѧûʲôָˣֻܹЩǱѡʱദ͹۲죬ЩѧҲ
ѧڵȴȳ˽͸뿪طˡ
½ǰ˼٣ܳȥˡ
Żṫǳ緹ͻÿ
ǰҲǷ½̬ʵ̬ҲͦõģǴ̫ñϷɹ£߸˸ųȥˡ
˻ϲӰԶ
·վ¥£һ̬á
ͳòС
ʼ磺ˣȻ̬á
㲻ȣ·ûص˳һۡ
ӣû˵չȥڳι£ͯǰͱ½뵽ʲôϵǲ̸Ϊʲôб½磿
һôԣ㲻ǲϲ½𣿡
ǲҺ氡
һһ˵
ʱɵֻǰͱ½룬ίҲæòУڰ칫۵Ȼ졪
˵һ£½ͯǰȷûɣ
û⣬ûһԾһȣĬܷһһڶЧ
Ҳͬ
ͬ
ǳͬ

ȵȫƱͨ


74 ѧ
Ȼ, Ҳӹɵģǵšƾʵһƫƫ, Ĭ
, ע顣
УͬȫƱͨһ̡·зᡣ
֧, ְ֧, ֧·
ί칫ҳһƬ
ȻѾ˳ǵǰ½ûϵ
Ϊеһ󾰵㣬ܶ˶Ϊкȥĵط, ɹ, кܶο档
, ˡǰŴ, ۳ɹ
ʲǺܺãǸϲڼ￴Ĵ, Ȼָ߶á
½ֽ
Ц⣺ǲУ˵Ҫһġ
ǰü۶ˣ߰ؿű½롣
Ǻˣ˵ʱȫû뵽Լ۳ɹ
һᶼ۾ģôţŰ
½, ̲סʲôӦĳ嶯
, ΢΢, ֣Ҫ˵У߰ɣ㡣
ǰ죬֣ɱ½һ·ż
ʵҪǻˣǰҲڱǰʾҲҧǱ½룬ʾίı½롣
ȣΪб½ţһ·ǰ˳ԭƻľ롣
ۿҪˣ̫ҲԽԽ½ǰ뿪
ߵʱ򣬿һλ̫̫̫Ŷ
ǼƷ
ǰ߹ȥһ
ЩСһԿ׿ʱ½룺ɰҺϲǵԿ׿ۣҲÿɰе񡣡
Це˵СһԵ¿ۣƴһء
ֿ½룬С˧磬ҪҪһԣŮһһͬģԶ롣
ǡǰ׼͡
½᣺ãˡ
ǰһ㶡
½ѾĴǮˣЦ۾
ǶԿ׿õ֮ǰЩ£ãȻؿű½룬ֿϿɰԿ׿ۡ
硭ǰЩɡ
½ЦŰɣ㲻Ǿÿɰ𣿡
µ𣿡
µǾͲýͣˣҲʶ½ǳ
ǰ룬Ҳе
ǳɣҲһǰһݸ½롣
½£ᣬҲ֪˵Լ˵ǰⶫԢ⵹ͦõģҪܹԶһģԶ룬Ҳͦá
ǰԿ׿۵һ
Ϊ½еڴҡ
δԼԺ󻹻ͱ½ֿ
վ᳤ǲҲվֱȻԷҵͬġˣǸʱôܺأ
ǰЩܡ
ͻȻãǰŵĳ󣬺Ҳôˡ
ҲǷ롣
һ뵽󣬱½߻һİġܵŮӡ
ͻȻЩˡ
߽ԱߣǸԿ׿Сװˡ
½뽫Կ׿оǰߣŤͷ˵߰ɣȥԡ
˵˻ǰ˦˦ͷҲ¶Цݣš
ֻǸո뵽飬ܾҪĵӡˣһЩѹ
-
ǰǻʱûй
ǰϴ軻·ٻصңʽ˳
˵ڹʾѧжȻ
ûһ֡
½루ӳͯǰ·
Ů
ǷǳİţҲǹϵʵȻ̺Ҳʵֻô϶Ҫȡġ
ǰԼ֣Ҳмָˡ
·ȫǿϲˣ˹ǰס
ǰ̫ˣȻң
ǰҲΪˣЦĺ󱳡
һΪҿ϶أ
ô᣿ʵҲǷǳǿġǰһ棬϶
·ҪʵУôǾһȽôѾ͸ˣ
˵Ż½վǰдЦĿǰ
֮ʦǱҪ֯ѧԻȥˡ
ίʦǸѵһ˻ֵ֮˵˽İš
ۿҪѧˣѧУҲҪϿΣҲܼѧУš
ҪѵֻסھƵꡣ
ҽҲһ̶иӴǿȼѵ
ǰһٶһֻˣˣÿ˶ᱻʦǶţѹǿѵ
ʱȥϿΣĿǰҪľ׼ƥ˾ˡ
ڵ˶ãȵǻȥҲᵢ̫Ŀγ̡
Ҫ뿪ѵӣֿ˻ǰͱ½ѧУתת
뷨һ˲٣֮ǰû˵Ĳٳ쵹вһ졣
ǰͱ½ҲڲٳĲݵϣͷ죬еûMصĺÿǶûмš
춼ɵģơ
½뻹û˵㴫ھܹǾͲˣ㻹ָܹ췱ѽ
·Ц
Ϊ֮һԶ׼ǳá
һ¡ǰʼ硣
ͻȻи嶯Ҫȥôա
ҲˣǰȥԴ۾ա
½ЦЦһԱ߿ա
Ǹѽݵغ·Щ
ǰҡҡͷôûϼҵĲҲûǹζ
ͯǰļ䣬֪Ϊξô̡
ƻܹŵݵϵ㣬Ƶá
ݻѽ·ҲԴսǰ٩˵ɣСŮϱǲ֪ʲôζ
ǰŤͷһۣΪԴ棬һ¡
ۣǹȻҵأܹһţȻҲһ
ȥͣǿ½ͯǰߣ͹ˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ˼Ҹ̸ǵʲôݣզզ
ǰһѧܲܲҪϹ˵
ɰɣҲ˵ˣúɣ·ǶҪ𣿡
꣬·ͳû
·һ䣺һҲǵݣҲǣߣɡ
ôã棬ҲôеϢǺææſԣæ׼æ⡭
飬ѾǺܾúܾǰˡ
ҪʼǿȼѵǸѵõķʱ䡣
ôеڲݵϿգָоͦõģ˶û붯
ˣҲȥǡ
л̾ǻͦģҲѵõĺ죬Ȼһ졣
ǰͷſţͻȻԱ½˵Сʱ˵˾Ǳǣʱ룬ϸжѽ᲻װ£
˵ԼҲЦ
Щ䣬ĳԼģʱһһУͯǰһ뷨һ㡣
ֻЦЦţЩѹøӣǳ뿪ʱѾף˾ͲܱǵġʵڴģڴˣıǣǸжã
̵Цòʵ
෴ǰϱӵļ䣬ԽģһЩҪģЩӴˣǰģ
½ԣסǰС֣ů
ǰƫͷԵʱ򣬿·𶼱òһˡ
Ŀһ˵Ĺ̴յִĿڡ
ǰûеġ
ҪͻȻе᲻ó
ůʱ򡭡
ͻȻ˵ǿǴǺǣǶٹ꣬ǿľǶǰĹ⣬˵벻ҿźϵһ㣿
յȻ޴档
Щˣʱˡ
·һ£ߣ㻰࣬Ͳ˵㻰𣿡
˳һ챾˵ѽ
˳
ǣԽǰͱ½룺ԺʲôѧѽҪʲô򣿡
ʲô·Σա
ӣЩ˼͡͹ƴʦпǣܹһƴѧУӭǡ
󻹻ӭأ
пƴӦҲǻӭġ
ǰʧЦȴûлشȥĸѧУֻǿǼŵ˵ԺҪлᣬһͦооġ
ңԶǿգһſſõķǣڲݵʱܹա
ʱͿռ䣬кڶ涴أ಻˽δ֪Լв̽档
ǰ̾棬һ̫ˡ
һ㶡
·˹ѹסǰЦһûСѾͷȻͷһĸпˣ
˹󣬻Ҫǰȴŵƹ⣬ǰǱߵ½ţ½˿Ҳ
⡭ͫһ
ǰͱ½ġ¡ϵǿЦ𣿣
ǲҲ𣿣
ôôԣ
½ȻϬδǰչµġһ·һ
̫ˣ
ǰãȻؿͻȻ·󣺡ôˣ
ûûô·ϽɻȥĿڣſסոձŵࡣ
ֽţ
ɲõദģʽ
½Ȼǲ׼ǰ˵
·û̧ͷһֱţƽԼκ˵ġ
Աǰʲôֻ֪ú˵Ż
һΪ㲻أҸոֻǸ̾һ˵̫ˡ
Զԣһֱ֪ǰ֪и̽ӻ
Ƕ𾢶ҲУ·Ҳһûһ
ֻٲҲȥŵ֡
ŬǱ½Ǹ񣬼װ·Ѱ
Ψб½룬ôƽԱߣǰˡ
һϣμӹҰƥ˾Ķѧһڲݵϣһһ⡣
գ棬ǣˡ
٣δδ֪˺档
ϣ·˱½˺µһ֮⣬˶Ѻõ죬˵룬˵Ҫоķ
δЩˣ޵
-
֮˵Ĺϵ˺ܶ࣬ദҲǢֻ·ű½룬ǰûз֡
˸߶Ƚŵ˼ѵС
ԷҪӿŲʱ֮ǰһˡ
µףпѧˡ
µĸһѾҲʽ߶ڸ߶Ƕ¥
°༶ҲЩ༶˴Ѫ
һͶʵҲ⣬ĿƵģԼûõģǴʵŲ˳ȥճ˺ܶλãָЩƽаѧ
ǼѧĶץη䡣
Ȼǿ϶ü취һࡣ
ǵģԸԳѧڵûа׷ѣ˳ʵࡣ
һ㼸ʱǿʱ򣬶˳
ŷ֣ǰһҲȥĿƵģոպ˽ʵʸ
ǼֱϲƼҲϲ
Щ鶼ͯǲģǰһھֻȥ֮ǰһΡ
οѧǰûлȥ
ε绰ļѵѧУ鲻òģĺܵġ
γʲôģõģҪǾ
ǰӵ绰ʱֻůůġ
ʫͮѧУʱɫЩá
ԭΪǰڼͯҾͻǰһֻͯǲͯҵʮһ
ȴû뵽ǰȻڼͯ˴ϵ£һҪ߶öΣ
Ǵ챨쿪ѧһֱ߶ǰҲ֪ܿû
ȻŰʫͮģȴðʫͮòС
ҵʱԼ֮ǰλã˺ЩףʦûҰλֻš
ʫͮԵһãܿ߾Χ˲ˡ
ĺܶ˶к֮Ϊ졣
ʫͮɫÿЩ
Ȼɫûά̫ãΪ
ᵽͯǰ
һ࣬һʢ٣ͯǰǰôӴ
ôûǸʦ̫ǰʢˣеһӦһһɣ
ɶأʦ̫Ǹ˿϶ҪȥģǿͯǰӦþͿֱӱͰɣ
ǵȻһȽҶӣ̫ˣ
ǰֻΪǸѧԣû뵽ǸѧҲŮ񣬿ϧûֵһࡣ



75 һ
ԭźǰûǰ, Ͼʵͱȵ֮ǰʢڸڰѾøڰˡ
û뵽ͯǰҲȥ˸ڰ࣡
¶ԽһѹţЩͯǰûԼ༶
ƽа˾Ͳ˵, ǵмû˲ǰȻҲǰһ༶
ȥһ, ǰƽаģ
˵ǰһݣһͬݵˣһлˣȻĵ÷ǳˡ
ʫͮ˿̬ѾҪ, ս, ָ, 
ЩޡݵĻһһȫ꣬˶ڱŭıԵ
˿, Ҫˡ
ͷ, ʫͮ彩ס
ͻȻԼĺԽԽˣոҪˣ
Һסˣôάֵ󡭡
˻ͯǰ, ʫͮܲס, վӺߡ
ʫͮ, ȥĶʡ
ϴּ䡣˵꣬Ҵ뿪
һࡣ
಻ƽ, ǰֵһͬƽ
ֲڶҡڵ˽档
ɨȥȻ֪, ʶҪӰ
ɨҶûз, ʧջߡ
ȵ, ǰ
ǰţ̫ˣ
Ժĸϲǰ࣡
˵ͯǰ͸ñ˰ɣᱣѧУأ
ô֪
ʢٸ磬˵ͯǰˣԺ˭༶һ
ʢٸ磬ɲҪͯǰһλøˣ

ʢԣ΢΢һ£ˣҲŬ
һʢٸҲͯǰλˣ
ʢüûʲôóϵģҲ
ͯŮǰ䣬ˣǲ·ģЦɴǴһԵˣ
顪棬Ǻײײӣŵһ顣
ͷȥʱֻ۾
ŵ̶ˡ
ˣ¸һƽа࣬Ҳȫ꼶ʶˡ
Ұһε˽˵˼仰󺰵
ȴӰźãǰλ÷ֺã
˵꣬ѧ˳ȥʵʵһԲ
ε֪ʦ̫ͷΣҲͱ꼶Ǹ򡱺һ㡣
ܿ죬εͰźλˡ
ϰմӰŵģϾѧʵǺôѧԤۣȻ˭
Ĺϵֻܹ⼸Ҳǳɼر֡
ֻǳɼõģ϶ҪŴһЩ
˵ʢپڱȽмһţ飬Ǳ߿ֱȽϿ̨Ǻܺλá
ֲԷ۱ʻңҲ᰺ͷʦ
ʢԱߵλÿ˳ûˡ
Ȼͯǰġ
λøոշֳʱ򣬰˻Ƕһ£ʦ̫Ҫɴѽ
꼶еһһ
ˣλʱôֺˡε۾
ʱֻˡ
üͷȥӵ绰ǰ˵ļ
˽һߣѸٻλá
˶ˡ
ֲ𣿣
գգ۾ǣֲ˵ʲô
ǿԼǰǸλòС
֪ԼٺǰһˣҪýһЩûġ
ΪˣȻ˰취
ոʱ֪ǰλú󣬾ѾƻˣҲǰ˽
ÿͬѧӺֻһ㣬Ҳһš
εٴνʱûз֣Щԣ߹üͷ壺ǵλá
¶Цݣʦֵģʲô𣿡
εһۣܾЩԡ
˲ˣǵһ죬Ҳܿ϶ǲԼǴˡ
ҲˣǵĲЦ֮£εֻ뿪ˡ
-
ǰ֪ԶCжУΪԼλϸ
Ϊ˹ʰƥ˾ƴѵϸҲ˲١
һѵȫģ⾺ѵ
ȻЩѾܻῼƵģֻûġ
˱ȥ˴£ίƱã½Լһλʦǰ׹
ǵģһεĶ׹
뿪ǰһ죬ǰͯԺͨ绰ͷͯСͯԺһᶼǡ
˾ͺãòýģνѹҪ̫ˣ
ǰ¶һЦݣӦˣǵĹģȴɻȫԸ
ߵ죬м߹ղɷãӰ飬ֻ˼⣬޷ûġ˿ʲôȵȡ
ǰͱ½ʼһ𣬸λʦĺ档
ǰʮСʱķʱ֮׹ǲѧǽӵһѧȥ
סҲǷõġ
һ·ϣǶֻǿ;羰ûر߰ʡ
Ƕˣ˿ľ˯
ﶼװſԣȻ
ȵѧУǰһƣ̫Ѩһ½˵
ҶҪܣʲôʷѧ߸Ҵ绰ҲԣҪȥᣬԼչ˺Լ½ǶӳǶ½ģ½룬ҲһЩӴ
֪ǶǶµģΪʦвٲġ
½ص˵ͷ
½һλʦȥˡ
ʱǰǸѧȥ˷ϴѸϴ˯
Ϊ磬ǰһ˯ЩȣЩ½Σһֱšüͷ
ѡ·
ǰüͷûɿɳƣ˯˶ã
ĸСʱɣϽڻˣҪǿᡣ·½Ѿˡ
ǰæ·ϴ˸ߡ
ʱǣ϶ġ
ǵʱ磬вģĿǰѧУǲμӾĸѧ
ǰڸַɫУۡ
½ڷָǹҵϢҵǣǰ߽ȥģľںŵ
ʱһ⡣
½ͽܣǰʣʦô£ôǿᣬʲô𣿡
½üͷ΢΢ɿЩֱ̾ԡ
һǵƲ̫ãһֱ֪׹ԴδŵųɳϯǼΪԴˡ̸֮䣬Ǻʱʱܶǲ
һأǰǶüͷ
ʵһ׹ʱǾ뵽Щ˳ˣΪȫԸɳ½Ϊų
ȴû뵽˶ԷԴˡ
Щ󣺡ôﲻģⲻǻûʲôģ
ǿˣҪëﲻ˵ùȥ⻹ûʼҲŸյʲô
½̾͵̸֮䣬˵ǹҵѧ飬岻ñͨ潨һ㡣
ޣҲ̫Ҫɣⲻ˵𣿣ǹ⼸ٽչǸовɣòС
ǰҲսȭͷоĿһıơ
½˵Ǿ°ɣǰЩΪ侲һЩʱоƺͲ죬ҲҪ̫ĳͻģ˾ߡȻҪ۸ǣҲԲ̣
½һվǼд
㳤ɣǶδԺǹҵѧǵÿǡ


76 
½ǵʱ, õĺᣬǰȴóģһĵ, оӴжµص
һصͷ
½˵ǸԻȥϢ, òϰĶϰˣѵҲѵˣǿҲûʲôá
ֻҪúϢȴžС
ǽȥ, βסķŭ, ǰ·ɫҲǺܺÿ
Ψб½, ʼձޱ顣
ע⵽ʱЩŻ̲ס˵㶼𣿡
½뵭һ, ˾䣺𣿡
ҭס
½߿ǰ, ˵߰ɣȥԵ㶫
ǰ, ͷ
ű½볯ųԷĵطȥ, վԭû
ʲôѽǣԳԳԣһ
˶ЩĬ, Σ˵˵Ҳ, ʵûʲôãúóԷúÿ, ġ߰, ҲȥԷ
˵, һֹסֶ·֣ҲȥԷ
ǰ֪˵ĶԻҲܲµǿ϶ǲ˵ģεʱǵը.ҩһը
ոҲ֮顣
硭Ҳǹģովͱءǰƫƫͷο
½Ų΢΢һ٣漴֣ǰԴ
ʱǺᣬҲûġ
˿̵ͷ˵
һɣŻˡ
ǰ룬˵ʵڵĻҲ޿κΣָо治á
˵ʱ΢΢˵ͷȻЩѹ
ѽҲûʲôõġǼȲǺˣֲþԵʵѹ˵ǵĹѾԽԽǿˣǰȻкܳ·ҪߡֻҪżߣջǿޱȣñ˵ͷ
ԣһӾ͸ƽǰͷǷݷŭƽ
ǰ룬½ȷʵͬ˳졢Ƕˡ
ڱŭʱѾδԼġ
¶һЦݣصͷأҲˣҺúÿԣǾҪѹǣҲܴǵĹǿ֮·ȻҪǰߣԺŬΪǹҵǿһ
⣬ľǺúѧϰúÿԣδúרƽ̣ȡ硣
ԡ½Ҳ¶Цݣ߿ǰʱᡣ
ǰôϲ
-
ʽۿԣ½æȥˡ
˵ڶٰ˿Ļʽʱԭʱ䡣
ǰǶȥ棬Ǹú׼ţȴǹңõһóɼ
ûгʱǾ֣ɳ˹ǾЯֵĻ顣
ǰԼϣԼúãϣ˶úãõ׹޻˵ٲܺǡ
½뻹ǶӳԼ뿪ˣҲûٶɫʱЩ˼
˾һͨͽȱ©˼롣
ǰһ죬½˵쿼ԵʱϣҶϸһЩʱĵؽҪĲ趼дáείУ׹˵ĴȻԴǿ϶ڳɼϴѹǣԵʱòҪд
ĥĥޣǴѹҲûãǹĴβȡ˺ܺõĳɼҲҪάסϴεһԲǹҶˣ
޲ھóɼݺݴ׹
ǰҲصͷȭԼһҪȫԸ
½룬߿ǰǰ㽲ʱľɣȵһҲ޿޵һ
ǰͷƽ˵ʱ
һһڱʼǱϼš
ÿһߵˣԼģǰ֣츳ǿ󡢽Ӵʱ䲻ȴˡ
һһ죬ϻȥ˯£
ڶһ磬ǰ˵ӣۿʽʼ
Ǹ߸ߵһ䣬мأҲм࿼ʦ
ۼֻ⣬һҪСʱɼѶȡ
ǰ˿Ŀȴ΢΢˿
ۿԣǻĲκιҵˡ
ǰûм±ʣϸϸ⣬ȷû壬Ҳ˽˼·ſʼڸ
һѶȲرǰдҲֻ˲ʮӡ
ȵ˵ˮûжȣֻһڣˮ˸ѡ
ٴո⣬ȷдڽֽ棬һдʱһֵڶμ㣬ȷ
ʼڶ⡭
Ѷ󣬵ȫͷԵ⣬Ȱѽ˼·һڸֽ
ĽǳӴ󣬿ɲǰǱ½롢·Ƕһ㲻ּѶȵġ
ȫ꣬ϸϸ顣
ҲǸл޽ھһǼʮ㣬ȷϣֱһҲΪֹ
мԳԵģǰûԡ
ÿտյθ˼·ʱͷβٴμһ飬㡣
ЩĽⷨҲǶֻһ֣ǰ˸˼·Ҳ˸ⷨսһ£˿
Сʱ֮ǰŽӽˡ
Ǻͱ½һ߳ģ˶һۣһЦ
ˣǻ϶ˡ
û⡣
һǲûô½ЩʦҲæ׼ʵ⣬û취ϵǡ
½ΪӳǼۡ
֮ǰ⣬ۿˣ۵ľʵ顣
ÿ˶Լʵ龭飬ҲԼʵղĿԼĴ󼯣ˣû˲˽
ǰδŽʱ
ǰ·ŮӣȽϸģǵıʼǰıʼǼֱó˾ֶ̾ϸ
ûʲôʼǣҲ٣Ǳ½롭
ӳ㾹Ȼôıʼǣ˼ôԾʲôһת͵óۣһΪ϶ûʼأɴ۾ϵıʼǱǲš
ȥҲһ̾
ǰ̽ͷֿۣ½룬ĸж
½롭
ǲôʼǵˣЩʼǣǡΪ׼ġ
һЩҪСĵ⣬ҪĿҪǵ֪ʶ㣬ǰģʼǱҲΪǰµġ
ǰ촽˶û˵
½Ҳû˵ֻǶ¶һЦݣЦݲãǳ
ǰȴã쳣ÿ
-
ξʵҲһСʱһʵСʱ
Щ棬ЩѶȣȴֲͷԵ֡
ǰ˼һ㰴Ͱ࣬š
һ飬һģԴѣǰ˼·Ҳǳ
ΧһĿԵ˲ͬɫԲͬĹң˺棬Ҳʵ档
Щǰûȥû̧ͷȥˣֻǵͷʵ顣
ʵòСʱĺϸģҲĸСʱʱˣϸ飬Сʱʱ䵽ˣǰ߳
ˡ
һ
ȥ꿪ʼ׼ľһֱſ꣬мѾֵһᡣ
ڿˣɼʲôܹġ
£ֻ
Զ½ǰ̧ţӿŲȥ
ˣǰ¶Цݡ
½̧֣ͷ΢΢Цţˡ
ߣԷȥ֣ס󣬿첽ǰ
󣬳
ǵȵѽˣ
-
ʦֵʱ򣬺Щûϵˡ
ǵѧ飬ǿԺҵĲѡֻһֽʡ
Ҳչǵȡ
½ͷ֮ǰ½˵ǰǻÿ˱˲ǹҵӲҳӲҵľͱȽ϶࣬ҴҲӲҡ
Ȼûǳȥš
ŮַɫĶС
ǰ֮ǰûôҵѧӴǱҪãԼڲᣬûȥύѡ
Ҳˣҵ˶Ǻܺ档
ǰԼӢﻹԣҲֻǸˮƽԳͨĺҵ˽˵ӢҲ˵ôá
ǴſӢǰҲֻвö
Ӣ͸ˣ߿ӢɼȫϺȵġ
·ͳ˵úܺã·ѧʦʦæͿԺܺõĺ˽ˡ
ǰǺ棬΢Цƫͷʱ½룺硭ö
Ŀô
öǰɴ۾
½һЩǱµġ
ǰţơ
ԭΪԼֻҪֺ־Ϳˣû뵽Ȼ˵
Ǹ𷢱۵ʿúܺãÿҲȽϸߴֺߴߴ˵һѡ
ǰû취ϰӻһЩʽϱ¾䣬´ɣͶˡ
ʲô㳤ÿҺϲ㡱һעˡǵ
Ļʲô˼ֱԶ
ǰ
Աߣ·Цˡ
ǰû˵һ첽߹һ˫۾רעضǰǷˣҲǷ
ǰ
˹Ҳ֪ǰ˵˾䡰I love you֣Ҫǰӵһ¡
ԱߣȻֽǰ󣬵
ǰãȻ̧ͷǰǱ½ֱĺ󱳣·һɽһ㣬
ϵϴҺζðȫɿ
ֻ֪½ϣͷ籩ǳˡ
½֣ɨˣ侲ڡ
I\'m sorry. She\'s my girlfri


77 
Ĭ
³·˳, һûһġȰܡЩʧֻʣ˵ĺ
Ƭ̣½뿪, ɳƣû
ǰʶӣСֹ
ܹо½ֻǲ֪Ϊʲôϳϡ
, , ס½°, գգɰĴ۾۽ǵ΢
硭ҪС, Щˡ
½΢΢һ, 
, ϵı˪ȥ¶һǳǳ΢Цķ᣺˵öԣˡ
⣬˶ˡ
˲Ҫ⣬˲Ӱ, ˡҲǰ
һ˲ת磬ǰȻ֪Ϊʲô, ½, Ҳ¶ɵЦ, ۾
½, ҲЦøӸˡ
֮, ǻᱻԷЦݸȾˣұҲˡ
Ĭʧٴαů
-
׹ĵ죬ԸоΧ˺ܶࡣ
ʱѾͨǵĳɼɣ
ҽţ·סǰ֣΢
ǰҲͦŵģ·֣Ҳ֪˵˵Լ
¡ڻǵġ
׹½ӣΪ˲̫ί
ǰ֪һΪǾǵģǵġ
û˿½ȷʵںҵί粽á
Ǹ׹ʵЩˣ
ûпѧӵʱӾ˵εб׼ӦҪѧĸǿ
˵⻰ʱؿ½һۡ
½ظһ䣺ҪҪѧйչһ¸
һֱҭסˡ
ҵ˸ϽԲƻ档
ǰһױ׼ԵҲûرᣬٽǶǴǺܺжϵġ
ֻõٷ֣ͳһЩ⡣
ÿҵˣҪǹҵѧһЩ
½ĵһݻѧģԷĴ𰸺Ͳ裬̾˿¶Цݡ
ȫԣԸ֡顣
Ȼ׹ӵĲͬ⣬һҲͬ⣬ǿλѧĵڶ⣬ططôó۵ģҾûдף
½ԣú޲
üһ۾˵ôһһڶдطҾѾдúˣֻʡ˼̣ʷ˹㲻㶼ɣ
ߣǿʶط۷֣Էҧһ㡣
ƨɣͲܿ۷֣½һӡ
۷֣
˳
ʦǶû˵š
½ߵҪһҲԣ֮ÿѧ۷֣
׹ǸӵĻϻ̾˵ۣۣ
Щʦɫÿˡ
ǣΪɣЩѧ˷֡
·Ҳһ֣ǻǺõģҵѧոոǸ׼ԶԶֹһ֣
Ȼһݣȴ׹һλѧӣҲǽĵһ׹ѧ
ԷȻҲǱȽѧֹǵڶ⣬һҲиָëνĲ衱ԷУкܶ࣡
׹λʦһӾͱѿ
½һָ˵ططط۷֣۷֣۷֣
ʷ˹ͷð˺顣
ʼЩˡ
ո۷ֵľڸû취ٸĿˡ
ֹ˺öֳ֮׹ѧľӡ
½۷֣۷֣۷֣
ʷ˹ҧгݣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣһǻѧľӣͲûˣ
½ָֻëĵط
۷֣
ܿ죬ֵһݻѧľӡ
ʷ˹зâһ׼ϸϸȥҪѧˢȥ
֮ǰǿһֵľӣʵΪ˸ңȫȫǰéģֻҪʵ鿼úãǽ𽱡
ʷ˹ôԸ⣡
׹ѧ൱ˣ˿ҧгݣһҪˢһѧ
½һ֣ʱ΢һҲˡ
ͯǰġ
ۿڴҴʷ˹ĵ
бͯǰľҵ©
ʷ˹ûҵġ
ǰȣҲ֪ȣ㿴Ĵ˵Ǹô޾׵ţһë
ǣʷ˹ؿ¾ӣ壡壬ûԣõĽⷨҲ̫ڣǻѧȻóԡ
½˰ۣлл佱ǲóԣҲóӦá֣ʷ˹𣿡

Ув
ȵǰľÿ֮ʷ˹˵ѧͨǰõĽⷨһģһģҸұ֤벻ڶֽⷨ
ֱˣ
ʦԵ̬ʵ̫ԡ
½Ҫ༥ˣһѧľˡ
½롣
ֻǿһۣʱЦˣʷ˹㿴ݣոյı֤۲ۣ
ʷ˹ͷĺµд𾪡
½ֽⷨ
ȫдˣŽⷨһⷨⷨ
ʷ˹
趼Щ𣿣
ող˵ûеڶֱֽ֣ⷨžž졣
½ˣȫһؿʷ˹룬Ϊѣѧѧѹȥġ
-
ȵ۳ɼȫȷʵɼҲѾͳƺˣзһ𣬰űȷơ
½ƲסЦݡ
󣬽𽱡
𽱡
·𽱡
ͯǰ𽱡
½룬𽱡
һᡣ
ʣһ
ⲻǻʷϵĵһᣬҲǵһһһֻԻͣ׹ǷѾ˼Ҳѹѧ
ɢʱ½Цÿġ
ʷ˹Ҫˣ۾װ棬˵úǻŵһŷˣǻѧþ𽱺жٸӵйŵѧأ
½ǵЦݽסôһ˲䣬бʷ˹Цݴ̼
ǹңǻŵѧĻߡ
Ļˣ̫̫١
һ߽ʷ˹
ʷ˹ǹҵҪЩǵĽĿõġôѹǣӵѧǻǿǰûеģδûСµĺڳ󣬳»ǣǻŬţһ죬Ϊûڡ
˵꣬תߡ
ʷ˹θӵ
ҵţ
½Ųδͣ
-
ǰǽƵصȴţ·վȥ
ѽߵͷۣԹ
·ţûֹͣҲͷۣ
ǰ߶һЩſգ֪ʲô
½֣Ὣֱָϣ᣺ģڲǳԿǶúܺãҲͲ
ǰ֪ģûϰµġ
ʱԶԶһӰ˹
ˣ·һϲϽӭȥ
ǰҲϡ
ڵɫرÿӦ˵ûرϲ飬Щӡ
ǰһ⡣


78 ع
Ǽ, ϼҲ˲ˣ˵Ǻ
ڡǡ·죬Щʡ
ʦ, ô£ǵĳɼѹ𣿣żǲûãǵġǲǱѹ
½ŷǰǵɫÿæҡҡͷ, ¶Цݣǵ, Ƕǽ, ᣡ
ģ˿ϲ
ȻģϲǸ⣬ȡĺóɼ½һο, еЦС
ѽѽ, Ȼ֮ǰѾԹ, Ǻýš
ѽոɫˡ
Ҫûõ𽱣Ǿ̫һ춪ˣ
ҺҺã

½Ȱؿǣǳ˳˵Ƕܺãܺá
ܺáظһΡ
ǰƫƫͷܾ½Щ, ոʱԷɫʵ̫ãҴ˿ĸҲвһ
, ǰʣ, ʲô鷳𣿻˵ʲôֵĻ
дŹĺ͵ǡ
, Ҳ˹, ߶, ͬǹĺ͵ǡ
Щ߿ţ½̲ס¶Цݣҡҡͷ˵
ûʲô£ǼͣԺúǰС
˶٣̾Ϣѹһ죬ǻٳһŵѧĿѧҡ
ǰʱ½Ϊʲôˡ
׹ŵѧˣ
ƫƫ
˵ʵ
ǹڷٽȴһ·Ҫߡ
ոյĸ˶ʱ͵Ȼ޴档
ˣҲûãԺúüͰɡǿȥϢˣοôãȻȥһάǵġȥúù䣬Ҫ뿪ˣ֮ǰһɡ½ڰ֣Ƕϻȥ
ԣҲûж
ǵһӣȸԼõ˽𽱣ǵһ
ҲЩƣȷʵû취ֱͦ塣
ǰͷ
룬ŵѧ
ǹҪǣԼһӣп
ᣬȻδͶרҵЩ츳Ȼ֪ѡ
̫ˣǹҵ̫ˡ
Աߣ½뽫ǰֱ᣺ǰģͼͰɣһһֱġ
ǰƫͷ
ҹɫƹϵĹģеᣬȫü
áǰԼӦˡ
һ˲䣬ǰδеļᶨ
֪ԼûпҲ֪Լʮ꣬ûпܳΪûѧҡ
·Ϊ̫ѾͲȥߡ
·߶ԶҪǰȥ
˵һӣҲÿ˶Ҫһ·Իͣһ·⡣
·߶ãܸ¶㼣һգǵĺˣ߹·ߵøԶߵǰأߵûߵǰ
нഫϢ
ģǵѻ磬øá
磬лл㡣ллߡ
ɵ½ֻԴ
-
μӹƥ˾ѧǻˣһõöƣٴζôᣬǡ
żֳʼ
ǰǻûлǵĴվѾڹڸ罻վֽˡ
罻ѾĽ죬ȡĳɼϴһ
˶ͳһƵ·ǵĹ죬һõƬ罻ϣת
Բۣţѽ
ѽǽ𽱣ҵĹ
ѽЩˣ֪Ҫٺˮĳɼ
̫ţˣͬǸ˺˾ǲһ
δľӢ˲ѽúü͡
˵û˾һֵĸ𣿡
мǸԱǸŮҵ죬ֵǸ徵ͷûױҲͨ
ͬˣΪʲôջܿʵ

½ǰί칫ҵǰ˲֪ǣֻ϶绰ͻ෢Ϣ罻ǰûС
½ѾˣЦݵĴǻ
ίʦҲǳˣԳӭǡ
ҲʹŴˣ½ŇNɪЦ⡣
һʦЦŽӻɣĹǺ棬Ǹȹ
ȹҲǹѽ½һҲ⣬ɇNɪ
ֽǰͱ½Цݲãǿȡѧ˶Ѿˣɻûж£ǻϽȡһ£
ǼʦȻ۾һһλǰѽ½롢ͯǰͬѧ֮ǰ˵ˣ˴ӭǣ
УǹƴɣϵǷǳţƵģǻԺͬѧأ
пƴúЩˡ
ۿҪˣǰ¶Цݣ˵лλʦĺˣҪʦ
û˵ʲôʦֻΪǸʦҲûٶʣֻǶһҪһѧУ
Щʦְעȫ׼˱½롣
½ѽһҪǾѧǿȫTOP1ǵѧҲTOP1ѧУѾüڱʾҪѧϰˣ
λʦ˵ʵ½뾪˵츳˶üġ
ֹǾѧĴѧҲкܶϵʦҪͽܡ
ʦͽϵ½ͳͨϵġ
½ҡҡͷһƽ
Ҳ׼רҵ
⻰һը.
ֱ硢졢
½ΪԼˣθ˵ʲô˵һΣ
½ظҲרҵһṥ˫ѧλ
ǳᶨȻѾ¶ˡ
˶ˣҲɵɵôû뵽½뾹ȻҪȥͽڣ
ǰؿһۣ¡ʵѾ֪ˡ
ֻûи߱ˡ
Ĭ
ǳĬ
Ĭ󣬱ʦһӿϣࡪ
½ͬѧôõ츳ôԲѧϰأ
Ǽֱ̫˷츳ˣ
Ҫѧͽڣһⷽû츳أϽ뷨
ţӦѧϰģ
ҪǷڵģ

ʦΧֱ޲ļ򣬴󺰡
ѵ㣡ѧ
Ȼ½ǳᶨ˶òͬվǶֱᶨ
Ѿˣڸϸ߶ʱѾȷ

ʦϷȰ˺ü䣬ûá
֮ǰ½򾢵ʵϣ͵õԷһ䡪Ȱ֮顣
ڵʱЩʦ޽˵ģǻ᲻˺½ġ
ʱȴ˵öģ½ȷʵû飬ҪǼͽڡ
½񲻱䣬һ˦뿪ˣȻǿ뿴һۡ
ʦҲ̾
½ϵǸлλʦ͹ģѾˣֻܹλʦĺ񰮡
˵䣬ʮȾϹ
ʦһӾûʲô˵ˣֻ̾̾˵
Ȼͣǻһ꣬һúɣϣúöԴԼ츳㲻ѧĻź
ʦǶɢˣ˶ûȰѾ˽ⱡ½ˣʲôúҲˣľͲı䡣
ֻǡ
½ôȻѧ
ֱ𾪣
˴һġ˾Ƶ꣬ҪԻѧУϿΣúһ죬ҲѾôˣֳ;棬˿ֻ̱ڴ˯
ȵǶˣǰ½룬磬Ҳȥ˯ɡ
½ŤͷʣҲѧô
ǰһ㶡
֮ǰ½Ϣʱ򣬲ûôҲֻǴһ𾪵ı飬û˵ԼĿ
û뵽Ȼˡ
ǰ룬ʵʵ˵磬Ҳ֪ΪʲôԸѡѧҪȥѧûнӴļͽڡ֪ǸᶨˣҲǸǵˣһ㵱¾˼õľôôᷴأ
˶٣˵Զ֧һҲԶ֧㡣Ҹ粻ѧʲôʲôڲס绪ġ
ǰ档
˵һ̫ˣ棬Сѹ
ô̵Լ飬˳ӦԼ飬ίʵѹ
½һֱ̲סҪ˵ʱ򣬲̧ЩַǰԴϣࡣ
Էҡ
Ĵڣǡ࿿Ĵڡ
-
챡½ʲôû˵ǰȴԷá
ԭڶͯԺҪӣǰܾˣͱ½Լɻɻȥ
CУ˱ҪֿһȥУһMء
ǰЩ䡣
ǡûзֿˣǲᡣ
½밲οǰúѧϰȥѡ˾ȥѡҪԼź
ǰصͷ
½¶ЦݣҲҪңнҵĲͽܶ࣬йˣѧһѧá㡭չ˺Լ
ţһģǰ¶ЦݣǳãҪˣҵøϽȥѧϰҲҪͣҪóɼӴ
ţҲǡ
½˵꣬˶Цݣڰ֣·ηֱ𲢲ѹ
ټ
ټ
ǼͬʱתЦת˲䣬ͬʱ¡
½۾
ǰ̧֣ѸĨᡣ
ǵķֱᵫʹ࣬ÿһη룬Ϊ˸õ
-
ǰûͯңֱ彫ȥ˶С
ѧѾһʱˣȻûñȻѾǶ֪λĶ֪Ĵ£ȴİС
ǰȥ칫Һε
ͯǰôôͻˣϢһ𣿡εЩ죬̹ĵ
ǰҡҡͷ¶ЦݣͲˣȡϽѧȡ
ԵģҰѸPPTʱ򷢸㣬ĩؼҺúÿε˵꣬۾һȰҲżҪע塣
⻰ҲֻжǰŻ˵ɱ޲öԷϽŬ˷һʱ䣡
õģллʦ
˵꣬ǰɺεǰҡ
ʱһѾ
ࡣ
ͯǰˣ
ģ
Ȼģոڰ칫ҿˣ
Ҫȥһ࿴
һҪǩ
ѽ
ڿˣǩţһֵܶǮأ
Ѿżˣ

ڶĺ棬һҪˡ
Ҫͯǰˣ
ǡ˵еͬͬѧ
õ˾𽱣ҲϹѣһ÷ǳÿ
ôܲͼأ
Ҳˣǰͺεҵʱ򣬲㱻һ˫˫۾ŵˡ
ελͯǰͬѧողμӹƥ˾˽𽱣ŻλþʢԱߡһӭһ¡
žžžžž
ǰô˵ע£ӲͷƤʢԱߵλȥ
û뵽ǰͬѧôӭ
༶϶ʶ˵ǣԱʢ٣ǣϤˡ
ʢٿ߹˸Ĵָ
ǷǳûԼȴûסǸ߸Цúɵ
ǰǴкλ¡
ǻصˡ
ǶúϿΣ֡εڿǰʱ̱ᣬͯǰͬѧʲôҪʲôⶼңҲԺͰͬѧ̡
õģллʦ
ȵε뿪ԱʢѹȻԤоȻҪɫ𽱰
ҲϾҪ¿ˣǿ㡣
㶼ȥμӾˣҲûкúѧϰҪǿңҾ͸ûؼҿȥˡ
Ц˵ŻǶѧ˵һš
Ƕ䶼ȥˣûҿ˵
Խá
Աˡ
ǰô㣬ʢԱ߶οǡԼ
һ¾ͱôͷɥ߶ǰĺףѹ
ǸоԼѾˣȴ׷ǰĲ
ǰͷʱ򣬷ԼѾʰˣʰķʽǰһģһ
ЦЦʶûʾŤͷǡ
賿лл㡣
ǣ
һ죬æ˵ûûϵ
ڿεʦˣǰЦŽԴתȥ
һӾͺˣֿЦʮɵ
-
һ¿Σǰ߾ͱΧסˡ
˺澺Ҳ˳Χ˵û뿪Ļᡣ
һֱ˳ʱǰпգߵ¥ʮİ칫ҡ
Ȼڡ
ǰţʱһ£漴ѵûбֻܿǶŲ豭ˮ۾
ЩΣԼ˽ȥʦԷ𣿡
ȥûϰ˷ͿԻؼˡǳϽ˵
ǰΣ˵ԼĿġ
ʦллࡣ
˵꣬ʮȾϹл
ûг϶˳ߵ˳õƵġ
лʲôԼŬ
۾һɵһߺˮһʣѧ𣿡
ѧϵǰظ
ôƶкʵʦˣ
ֻһ˵Ÿոո߶ôױʦµġ
û뵽ǰȻͷ˵ǵģҪ򾢽ѧϰ
ۡеˮȥˡ


79 ̥
ȿȿȣˮǺˡ
ǰϽָź, һŻ
ڰ֣٣ո˵ҪѧϰǸھѧڵ򾢽ڣǸǸпˣ
ǰһصͷ, ޽ڡ
ɵˣû뵽ȻҪͽܣ
˵ͽˣǸ򾢰æ, ܰ
ϾȻҪѧϰ
Ǵ, Ȼ, ȴҲòϣȷʵһǳӦˣ
Щ꣬ʦÿα鴤, Ҳ֪, ͬ顣
޽ʮ, ôЩʼûͽܣʿûдҲûҪѧϰϾʵʼմŻĿǰǰء
ЩҪѧϰˣǱܾ뾡취ȥ޽ڴ㹤Լͷ뷨
ɼ򾢵
, ˵֪򾢵ԸϰȷҪ޽ѧϰӴ˽𣿡
ҽӴҲ֪ܶĴ, ˵˽̸, ҾҿӦԸѧϰһнǰ档
޽, ǲµġ
±, ׷ʣ޽Щһֱûͽ˼, Ҳûдѧ뷨ȷܳΪѧ
ԡǰᣬᶨ
̾
Ѿ˽ǰˣ˺ʱ񣬿ʵǳͣҾ飬ײǽͷ
ͯǰһ棬ľˣǾȥ԰ɡұ㣬޽ڵƢܱлҪӦԡѧϰҲôᶨܾĻŲҪȫ˳
ǰһ㶡
ЦƢ̫ˣʵֹǿЩ꣬˶˳ÿһߵǰҪͽѧֻ˳õһҧס
һ룬ǰ۾ȴһ
ѽô꣬Ҳвѧ崫ҪΪѧǶȻźһᶨģõоЩѧһҧš
գûһ˳Ϊͽܡ
ǰ뵽ϴκһʵʱģᣬȻšţǸʾ

޽ڿꡢĵ棬Ҳһݵģ
¶ˮ߷ڵϣ΢΢һ㣬ЦЦʮ꣬ҲСˣǸʱˡ
˵꣬ڰ֣Ҫǰ뿪
ǰϲ
ллʦ㣡
-
ǰ¥ʱ򣬽Ų졣
ҪȻؽȥ÷ȻȥԷߵһſڵʱ򣬸ոպú͸ڶǰųġʫͮ
ǰߴһɨƿˣ޲
·һİˡ
ʫͮȴлɬ
Աߣһ˵
ոͯǰ
ĺúÿ
Ƥðװٺþ¡
̫ˡ

Ҳһ䣺ߵľ
ʫͮû˵ͻȻ֡ǰʱҲžµ
Mسʱǰ˿úвˡ
úвˣͯϣ˵עõ˵ϲ
ʫͮܲƽ
̲ס롭ԼЩѾ˼Ӫ裬ÿǰչõӣǰʲô
ʲôûȴʲôõˡ
ǣƽ
-
ǰ֪İʫͮ︴ӵ뷨֪Էÿ춼ڷŭ˼
ǰ̫æˣÿ춼ôҪÿ춼ôҪдÿһÿһ˷Ѳá
ʫͮͱˡ
ǰŸոջҪ׼¿Ȼ߶֪ʶѾҲԤϰҪץʱ渴ϰ
¿Ĺڣǰ׼ȥѧһˡ
ʱ̫ˣ
ʢҲѧ÷ǳ棬һôǷǳԵģÿοԱˣ͸оҪӱŬſԡ
ھЩȴҲṲ֣ͬ̽ѧø͸
ñʴ˴ǰ
ôˣǰͷ
Ƕ΢΢죬ӳóһʼǱϿıʼǣȱôõĿΣҪ𣿡
ǰգգ۾档
˱ʼǣ
ǡϡˡ
㵽ҪҪǼû֣ԼĻš
ǰֽʼùЦ⣺賿Ҫѧϰѽ
šӦһƿߣҶǰ۾
ͦõģͣҪس·ӣͿԿһܺõĴѧˡǰһ档
һ˵ţһ߷ʼǱһҳһҳ
ΣʼǱ̯ǵϣһ֧ǦʣһȦţһ˵
طص㣬ֻΪ˽չ֪ʶطȴһص㣬ҪĲûмȫԺϰʱ϶©صģǵòȥطҾӦǼǴ
ǰᣬģƽȣܹ˵ÿһ֡
Ƕ죡
ǸǰǱʼǣȻָܷԼ
ָоǡΣ߳ܡ
ͬʱ־ˣԸԼ㣬Ϊ
𣿡ǰñá
ˣӦˣһ˫۾ޱȡ
ǰתȥ⡣
ǿűʼǱȦĲ֣Ŀֱ
󣬺ǻλ̽ͷĿڡ
Ǹ磬˵Ҳȡ裬ǰǿѧҪıʼǣⲻǰ׷ѹ𣿡
ǻͷһۣ⣡
ջߣ΢΢ʣʼǰոոıʼǡ
-
¿ǹڣǰͣС
ͯԭҪͬģܾˣͲСˣǳ죬ҪҳͬԶˡ
ͯǲԭҪȥǰҲܾˣѾûбͣʱ䱦ô˷ѵ
Լһ˱Ǯֻȥ˾Уֱѧ
ѧһŨ̵ѧУѧУĽǳƯǰû̫ʱȥѧУ˳æŽġ
һֱھУ·Ƚ϶࣬ʶʦҲ࣬ɾͽǰˡ
ˣ߾ʵ¥ˣ˭ţ档
ǰ޽ڡ
󾪣򾢽ڣ
ǰͷ

Σ˵ǵطǾ̥磬ûһġ
һҪȥѧͽڣһСŮҪ򾢵ѧ
ˡǾˡ
ǰЦЦû˵ʲô
¥ȥվ翴ʿһ㿴ıӰ
ԭˣǰýȥ׵ġ
룬һǰ޵òУŰοһ°ɡ
ϾҲСս顱ġ


80 
ĸǰ֪, ˿Ѿ߽ⶰʵ¥
ܶ˶żˣⶰ¥滹кܶʵ飬ǰԼ̽Ϣ, ȥ򾢵ʵҡ
ǹŵġ
ǰ, š
˵컹˿޽ھѧǳ, λ޽Ҫھѧʵ, Ͳ˷ʱȥġ
Ȼû
á
û
ѴĲڣ
ǰЩʧ, ߶, һɻ
, űˡ
ǰһϲȻ
ǰԷһ, ǰֱӿ
л갡, ֪ʵ𣿣
˵̱꣬Ҫš
ǰ, ס٣޽ڣ˵䣡
޽һ٣۾, ȫǲͷ㣿ôܵˣ
ȻѾԼǰѧʵġ
ܹǵǰ, Ǻܲˡ
Ǹģ·Ǻܲǰ, ϵᷳǳԣЩ, Ѿתˡ
ȻǰѾ׼, ɫ, ¶Цݡ
޽, ѧԺҪѧϰ
ǰǳֱף򾢿϶û˵ģֱ⣬Լ˵
Ѿ׼ˣüͷøǳͷ˵Ҳѧһ
˵꣬š
ǰסţССɴվڿһŴԼסţƵ򾢺һ㿪
ǰǱЦݣȻ٣ȴ
޽ڣڼѵӵʱҺһʵ飬ӦҲӡ󡣵ݵĽӴӦò˽ң򵥵ҽܡͯǰ߶ŵǲ䣬ʲôҶȥܹܺõʵ飬ţҲҪһڵġĬİְɣ
ǰҪĽԼ򾢲
ֻҪԼܹʲôӣܹʲô
˺һʮȾϹ޽ڣѧ
㶡
ǰ̫ᶨˣûиκλӦѾƶ˵ѧԶ׼ԲҪΪѧ
Ǻǡ򾢳һЦȴںŵʱ˵ȿ״Ԫ˵ɡ
˵꣬Ѿϣ޶
µһ仰Ҳ·Ҫǰ֪Ѷһ㡣
ǰһֳ³ȥ˸о˺ܶࡣ
ǲŵġ
ûи𰸣һ״ԪҲŷܣ·ĳΪ״ԪҲѧġ
һϣ
-
ԽԽõǣⶼʮˣôǰû
ûҵط
ܰɣȻǷǳĿ֪꣬ܲ޽ڵʵĶ
ǻ᲻ǡܾģ
ǳκһѧ򾢣ҪΪѧһֻյһ
ȻǺϵš
ǰǰ಻ӡ
ǰĪǲԸ
ɲҪһֱţôѽǻᱻ߳ȥԺҲ̤ⶰʵ¥ġ
򾢵ǸƢû˵
ԽԽӶŵ̨׼ȥҡ
ʱ򣬽Ųȥǰˡ
ͯǰͬѧ졣
룬ֱӰοأ̣
ǰ¶һЦݣ߰ɣллͬѧˣԺҪҰæģҪ

Цó
˱ڣȻˣ
ֱˣûס˵뿪Ҳǣ޽ǺǲʺϴѧкܶʦѡҪѧҿԸƼһ£С
׼ʦ
ǰЦҡҡͷãҪ޽ѧϰ
¶Цݣżͣһǰģ
ûԼܾ㣿󾪡
ܾˣҲһ˿ϣǰ͡
顪ˤϡ
ȴ˲ԼסǰθȻûȫܾˣǾ˵пܴѧ
Ӧǵġ㲻ԺҲܻѧˡ
ֱҪǰˡ
һ˫۾ֱ翴һΣ˵޽ͽѧģҲǡʿ
ǰؿ޽ʵܺõģҸصǸܹѧ
죬ֻǱһ䣺ҪĳΪ޽ڵѧԺ󡭡ͻ֪޽ڶ಻˴ˣСҪ㣬ȡ
޽ͽ½϶Ҫ󳣻޽ڵͽܺúñһȣȫλӮԷ
ǶֵĽǣɲֹ½һˡ
ǰ£̧ͷ۽ĵ⣬ЦҪĳΪѧЩν
е򾢵ˮƽԸ
-
ǰɻͯңֻ֪ȥҽڣ֪Ҫ˭Լʲô
ǲ²⣬Ϊ˱͵顣
ǰҲûиǽеĸӣҪ˵޽ڵԸҪ˵ʵȵȡ
֪ͯԺͰԸһô춾ʦѧϰֻϣ߸ˣҪܵκί
ͯԺ⣬Ҫ֪ǰҪѧϰʦڱտھǡƺܾö̤ʵ˯
Ҳˣǰɴѡ񲻸ǡ
½Ҫ˵ġ
ô˽ûб¶ʱ򣬾ѾµҪѧϰ
½Ȼȴ֧
ǵڼѵӵʱ򣬿޽ǰʲôû˵ֻǸǴ
ǰʲô
Ҳ֪״Ԫʵ̫ˣ޽֪Ѷ˰ɣǰ˵еȻֱɶ־ҲŲһҪƴһƴת֮أ
½뿴۾ۡ
ȥһ꣬ô࣬ôŬͺˮõ𽱣˳ҪȥĴѧ꣬ԭǲҪôġ
ΪĿ꣬ΪҪѧϰʦһ仰꣬͹ȥһֻͺˮ
½ۡ
۵˵
ǰƵͷЦ⣺磬ҲҪһŸ߿ˣ
Σ½ɳɤ˵ãһ͡
˿ҵǣۺͱѹȥֻ侲ǡ
½˵һ򾢽ڣҶ֪оǳĽǳ׿Խ֪Ĳ࣬ʵҲǼʮǰĸ߿״Ԫ
ţǰһ㶡
ǵģҲǸ߿״ԪֻǸʱ򣬲ûʽͳƣҲû״Ԫ֮˵֮ͶĿƼѧڶΪĿɼȫ0Ͽֲԣˡ½侲˵򾢵Ĺȥ
ǰͷ֪޽ڵĴ˵оһΡ
ոսѧͳоϿΣԣԶܲȥձѧУ
֮ʧ˼꣬һƪ뵼о˵ճһ󱻾ѧС
Ĺ߾ͱȽˣоɹоɹоɹܶʼˡ
ǰ㿼߿״Ԫһ˵뷨ҲĻᣡܶѧƳɫĿһͿȫʵʣµĿĿҲǷǳҪġģδıѧǼӢ͹ʽӹ졣ѧﲻ˵ϢϢء½˵
ǰ˼Σصͷ磬׵ģһúѧϰΪ˸߿ҲΪѧ˷ʱ䡣
½¶Цݣԡ
ǰ룬¶磬ҾˣҪúø߿α͵Ļᡣ
½벢ؿֻʣˣ
ǰᶨ㣬Ϳõ뾩ѧʸ񣬿ԸҺ·ҲҪ·ҪȫԸҪƸۡ
½ûзԣһ֧
ֻЦǰ͡
ǰҲЦ磬͡
-
֪ǰ͵ʱ򣬺εãȻ漴ǲŵʣ˵ʲôͣ
ǰͷǵġ
㲻Ҫרҵ
ǣҪרҵ
ûѧУ
ˡ
ε޻˵ˡ
ǰģ죬ԼѧЩͯǰ֪˵ʲô֪ǸˣȻѾѡҪʲôѧֺαطأ
ҪŬ߿ǰ˵
εʵϣκһʱû취
ǰӰ첻ãûн˵Ļ˵˾Ͳ
εȰͯǰҪ֪һ·Ҫһ棬˱ҪԼһ·ˣ㲻ܸ߿ˣʡһǿԲμӸ߿ģһѡڸмѧϰ
˶٣˵Ľѵ㲻ǵ𣿡
ǰĿһָ½ǡ
ôǵá
ĽѵһǾκηյġ
ǡ
ǰɿ˵ʦҵ֪ʶһѾҵĶѾӵˣѾȷҪαͣҪȫȫ߿
й⣬㣬ôֱֱźε
εҲ
һ˲䣬ľĺ
εһȰˣֻ˵ͯǰǼȻˣҪŬ߿ȻڵĳɼѡκһѧŸ߶н꣬Ŭһ㲻и
ǰصͷһģ
εΣְ̧ڰ֣ʦѡ񣬻ȥѧϰɣ֮ǰȱôΣǵò
˵ס漴¶Цݡ
ǰôγ̣͵ڶ
ĳɼǲö˵ģȻͣ϶Ǿ˼ǵģεʵǲҪġ
ǺʦټǰϹ֮󣬽Ų˳ȥ
Ŀ꣬¾¿ֻǵڶҲ˿ûӰ顣
칫ңεҡҡͷֻڵѧ⡭
棬̽ͷͯǰķˣ㲻ҳ̸̸
εҡҡͷˣѾͷԸִ֣˹ƾ͸Ĳˡ
ҲǡлȴҪȥðաҡҡͷ漴üʦѽ㿴ȡѧҲͦĵģ
ʲôεֱӷʣϬӦỰͯǰ㲻ͣҲǸ߿״ԪԤۣҪ߿úãʲôѧʲôѧҲΪõĽΪʲôҪģģҲǲĸ߿ܲܿȫʡǰ
ʵǰμӸ߿εܹõĽԺεҲá
ΪʦҪѧǶȳԲŻȰͣһЩ
ȻȻô˵
Ȼҭסˣλϲ˵
ʲô˶εռˣ
ͯǰ¿ǵڶһʢ٣һ࣬Ҫܹڶ࣬ǰһҲ̨ܴڴʲô
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ֹʫͮʱֹ
ͯǰôͲǰأôûȥӴͯǰأǺˣ
ʫͮɫ΢΢һ䣬ָԼĴȲ࣬ʹǣסԼı顣
ʦᡣ
̧ͷһھָ𣺡ʫͮͬѧѽǰɼǺܺõѽôԽԽˣ㿴Ρ
ųɼ߶߶
ʫͮŵӣѾʮˣˣǶʮˡ
ҧסٿǰڶ֮󣬿ζ
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ǰصңʢڿ飬ڿǰıʼǡ
˺ѧȥǿǰıʼǣȴרע
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ʢЦ˵Ҫܳѹ޴֮ǰȱôãһΪܹԶԶ£û뵽ֻ֡
ֻѽǰΣһŬ׷ģ
Ķ֣ܲŬ𣿡ʢҲ˶־ٴο顣
ǿǣȥͷɥ
ǰͷñʼǱʱÿôģ˵˾䣺ʲô飿
ûãܣǷܡ
ǰûãȻû»Ҳûнȥ£ЩиˣҪúŬС
ǰǷٽƣͻȻͣˣɼиˡ

һʱԿʹ
ִܿͳԼıʼǱʼԼ
öŶˣȻҪŬ̫Զ
-
¿Σһ߸ҹһʵ
ǰûдͯǲ͵˵¿ȫ꼶ڶʮˣ
ۣ̫ˣͷܺãֻҪ߿סôѧˡ֮ǰĲʦҲǰæˣͷǷòС
ͯԺҲЦŵͷԣ㱣ͷҪߣȥõĽڴѧרҵѡˣ
ͯǲü⿴ǰ϶Եģ
Ȼ
ûջ̾ǳݵĿ⡣
ͯǲʣǰ㿼ô
ŷԼ˰ʫͮϽ˾䣺ʫͮô
ǰڳԶû
ʫͮӲͷƤһǣǿ΢Цûá
ԣ̰οѽû£´μ;ˡҪʲôҲҼʦΣ
˹ùãڿҵæһŬģʫͮ¶һЦݣȴоһ¶ȡ
ͯǲǰǰοΣ
棬ܾԼҪȡˡ
Ѿͷ㿼òãҲ̫ɣ
ǰţ̣ҧ˿ʳ»ˡ
ͯԺͯǲһۣѾԱκһôѧˣԳɼҪ֮ǰôã»Ҳġ
ڵڶǰʳںɼ˵裬׼ͣμӸ߿


81 ϰ
˵̫ƽ, ͯԺͰȴͬʱһ㶡
ǻûǰȻȱôÿΣȴǵڶ߳˺һ䡭͡
˶, һʱ֮侹֪˵ʲô
ͯǲҲһ, 漴զզ, ͯǰ㾹ȻҪ֪ͣ߶ж𣿣ôõĻ, 㾹ȻҪĥ
ǰ, ֱǡʣ
ͯǲҪͶûл, ֻۻϰ, ǰ͵Ļᶼǰˣܵ˵Ҫ
ôͯǲըë
ʫͮҲһ㶣Ҳǲ֪ǰȻҪ͡
, 漴һϲ
˱Ҫȥ߿˭֪߿ܹʲôɼ
Ҫǵʱû, ߳ʲô⡭
Ѿˣʱ뱣, Ҫú׼ȥμӸ߿ǰţ̱ӣǣǼ֡
Ҫ˵ʲô, ͯԺһ£ȿڣ, ˣ
ˡǰͷ
Ǽ֧, ͻԼģҪѡ߿, Ҳ㡣ͯԺ¶Ц, ֧֡
ʵʱ, ҲǰΪʲôҪ͡
תһ, ÿ궼ôౣ͵ѧҪȥ߿ǰѡ񲢲УԼѾˣΪʲôҪأ
˵ĻͯҲҪǰгϢһ޳ɣͯҲ
ǲҪǰͨѧϰıˣŬ͸ѡ;ֻҪ˳ģֻҪΪԼ롣
ǼȻѡ߿ôأ
лл֧֣ǰ¶õЦݡ
ʵô֧֣û⡣
ǰ̫Ĺ٣̫̫Ǽʱܹ˵Ůôô
Ȼϣǰľ߿ӵһһʧأ
ЩǳһͯԺ⣬ͯԺ֧֣û˵ˡ
ڣͯǲ˵
ǰȱٸ߿𣿷ҪǸ߿ʧôѽ
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ǰҡҡͷ¶һЦݣ⣬Ǿҵáʧ󡭡Ҳʧġ
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ôƶ
¿ĳɼ
оȥˣ׼׼ܿ꼶ڶ
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ͯǲϢ
ˣȥ˯ɣǲνܴҲӦнֻ㲻Ӧý㿴ã»Ҳ꼶ڶ㻹ԶءͯԺվŰ׼ط͸͡
ͯǲ֣ˣǰûʱҪǿôã϶Ƿǳ˵ģ
ǵȫ꼶ǰһ٣ʵֶ࣬˲ѵġ
ʱҪ֪ܿǰȫ꼶ǰʮ϶˷ġ
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ͯԺؿһۣ㶼˵ǰû֮ǰڰˣ㱻ñȥѵӦøŬ𣿡
ͯǲ
˿ֻ̣Ѫ
Ŭ𣿣
ȦԽԽˣϷҲ˰ûдˣ
ͯǲѪǰԱ·ļЦͣ¸ϣҵĲСһ㡣
ͯǲܻͯǰҪųɼþΪ
ǰͷҪǳɼãҲԡ
ͯǲ
ա
̧ţ׷ǰ߶߶ǳߣǰ
˽ԶȥͯԺͰЦôȰ
Ψз·һİʫͮվţɬ
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̫ˡҿԴۡһ
ͯǲԾ̧ͷһۣҪѧͺúѧң¿һҪóɼͯǰѾͷ
ĥҧгݡ
ǣ治˵ŬҲ׷õģϾŬ
ͯǲԱ׷ϣ׷ˣ磬ʵ׷ϾˡˮƽԺһѧɡ
ѽ
˺ѽ
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Ҳҧгݣ·鱾ҲҪܽŬ
Ȼ
ŬǰҲŬǸŬ
ڶ¿ʱͯǲֽˣҲˡ
ٿǰ
ٴκʢٲ꼶һ
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׼ҡ
ڶ¿ͬпԣǺҪһԡ
ʫͮĳɼ˻
ɳϣ÷ࡣ
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ȫ꼶ڶʮһ
𩿴һۣЩȣףôȫ꼶ڶʮһˣʫͮǰǵһ𣿣
ԣһȴϣŭйĹŮ𣿣һԴ˸Уûпһһͯǰã
𩲻ҽӻˡ
˵ɵܲһװԡ
룬ʫͮô£ɼô½ô
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô½ô̻ϵĳɼǷŭ֮ǰĳɼһֱ½ֻû״̬ȵÿ϶ȥģ㿴ڣѾ䵽ʮˣһǲǾʮࣿȵ߿ܿʲôɼ
ֻΪѾͷܲǰҪӦû뵽һȥ˼ԽԽãԽԽˡ
ʫͮʼյͷۿ졣
Ҳ֪ΪʲôоԼѾŬѧˣɽȴһֱ½Ʋס
ѵ뿼һ
̵һ۾ԼҲź۾
˵ʫͮˣȻû˵ҿóڱ㣬ⰲģø͸˵ˣֻа
ԣʫͮҧס
̻ڼѾץͯˣץסԺôѽ㻹ܿһùãԺأԺסùãͱ뿿Լˣѵ㻹ܿûϢİֺų𣿣
ʫͮٿľ
̿һ㲻ùú͹øϲͺúѧϰǿ
ǰǰûлʱ򣬰ͯҽʫͮŮܹΪ滮һ
ڣ˼ŮˣܹʫͮͲˣôǰһ
ʫͮڰ̻̧ͷһ˫۾ͨ죺̡ΪʲôͱȲͯǰأҵĶʲôûΪʲôʲôˣùùøǰôңǲҹϵҲͯҾһǶңǸǿҡ
޵Ĳѡ
̱ĺ󱳣Ҳһۡ
ȻʫͮõģۿʫͮһŵСЦҲû¶ȵį
Ƶʱ˳ᢣǰγֱ֮ƣԽ
Աߣһų˵÷ͻȻ˵ʫͮؼҰɣǼҲ㡣ͯһˣǶʣǲҡɣ㡭
ʫͮ͵ؿ÷Щˡ
ҾԲôǵ뿪
һ˲䣬÷˫۾ţ˵
-
ٽĩʱ򣬶ձЩš
ǰǶԣϾҪĩˣĩһ͸ø߶£ǡ
ͯǲȻԣѧһ͸øˡ
ʱԽţʱԽԽСžͺˡ
ͯ˰ﲻ˺ǣֻúڹǵͺҹչ˺á
Ҳˣǰǳ࣬ȴûбݡ
껹һ㣬ȻǺݣȴȵ˺ܶࡣ
ȵ꣬ǰûиǡʫͮһ𲹿Ρ
ǲһֱеģʫͮǳɼ»̫
ұɴһ𲹿Σиල١
ԭҪͰʫͮһ𲹿ΣЩ˵ģ֪ǰҪһֻʣ¸ˡ
ʫͮһֱܰⲹεҲƽûʲô粨
ͯǰͬѧɵˣڿͣǺͰʫͮͬѧӡ󡣡
ʦ˵ţ˶٣ͯǰͬѧвȱ©
õģʦǰһԼóϰ鱾ȥϰңʼȱ©ǵĽΡ
ȥʱǿ翴
ͬˣΪΡô
Ȼǲ֪ǰոߵڽҾóֻ淢͵Ϣ
磺ùңҵCϵ㣬һԷ
ǰ¶Цݣֻֽʼ顣
Ҫɽ񣬱½ͻᵽCУҪȥ
Ѿþûмˡ
ѧڱ½ѧϰţûҲȥ
һμ棬ܾǱ½߿ǰһμˡ
ջ˼Ͻ顣
ʱ˶ǳ˾ı㵱
ãѧϰʱĲ𣿡Ǻ档
ǰҡҡͷۡ
̽ҺҶҪˣץ
뵱Ӷдٿڲνץͷʱǰһ࣬Լн졣
ǰ룬˵ԼѧϰĿģĿ֮󡭡ĻѧϰһЩ𣿡
ǣ
û˵Ѿͨ졣
賿
СˡЩͣæһתƻ⣬Ե⣬̫ˣ
ѧϰĿĻʲô
ǰǰ
ǣҪ㲻ϲԵķҵķ棡ǰըëָⶪȥ
˳֣ϵİʫͮһ㣬ͷĬˡ
ǰȥѹ벻
ͯǰͬѧ㡣ϰſں
ǰ۾һ
ѵǱ½ˣ
жգվܡ
ǣ˷ȥѽ
ˣ
ǰܳȻȴûп½롣
¶


82 
ͯǰ, ҡһŮ
ǰЩ죬ͷһ, ס
ͯϣ
˾Ȼͯϣ
һǰ, ٹ, ҲʧǰС
ǰû뵽ڽٴμ, Щ⡣
ͯϺһǰ仯ʵЩ, ˺ܶ, Ҳ˺ܶ, ɫ͸Ų̬Ĳ԰ףؼǣ˶ǳǷϺ
Զ׼, һòס
ǰڴͯϣԷҲڴ
һǰÿ˺ܶ, һǰͯһãȻÿ, ȴΪ̫һ㳯
ˣÿ, Ҳ浾
Ψһģ˫۾, ·ԶǽϣͶ־
Ⱥ, һ۾ܿ
ͯϿ󣬲ֹԼ, ǰʫͮվǰ, Ҳᱻеò
ϲ, ˡ
ˡͯ˵, ƽ
ǰҲˡ
漴üʵʲô飿ûʲôҾͻȥˡ
Լͯʲô˵ģһǰû˵һͬ޻˵
ͯǰһߵǰǰվţһæɣǿԣǲμӾһ𽱣ǲǸоʱգ۾͹ˣ
ǰüͷøûлش
һȷʵúܿ죬·һգ۾͹ȥһˣʱ䱦ÿÿ붼ʱôæš
ͯһЩɳƣǶҶԣһ꣬ꡣ֪ôģ֪ٹ𣿡
۵ףͻȻºͷ
һļ䣬һĿ¡
ǰ򴽣Ҳ֪Ҳ֪Ӧãû˺㣬Ը㲻ˣͲܵͷ
˶٣˵˾䣺ȻˣͺúøĹɡһҪ£ˡ
˵꣬ǰ׼ƿߡ
ͯϵ״̬Щԣ˵
ͯɳƵ˵ѽû˺ңǸҵģϲʮֽͽȥġ
ͻȻ÷񣬼ǰֽǰס
ʲôǰѿ
ȻԷ˿Ƿһ㣬ǳֱӽǰ˵ϲ֪Ķһѵӡ
񣬴žķЦ
ͯǰҪ޾ͺǰɣϲ㣬㣬Һ
˵꣬ӳǰ˹ȥ
һǰǰܵʱԲ·磬ʱǰһԺǰȻһͯϣ
Ѿ˹
ǰǰδе侲ԴԱһ࣬һԷƿ

ǰһ
ܡ
Ͼͻסͯϵģ
ܶڳԷûſڣŸͯ˿ӣ
ͯѾˣһ꣬Ȼúܿ࣬һִܵӮٹˣɺʹδܵǰȴѾˡ
˿ܴץסǰϵĵӳȥ
ǰһףԱ߶㡣
̡ϵ
ǰѵ̫ˣ·һһĿӣѪһ˲ʪ·
ĲǰǱ½롣
ǰѳǰȥĵӣ˱½ֱϡ
顪ͯϵص
½һţͺݺݽߵڵء
һߵ̫ˣԷ̱ڵţҪˡ
ǰͫһŵؿͻȻֵı½롣
½ûпҲûпԼ˿ڣһ˫۾Ѫ죬ͷ亹
ͯϵأҲ˵ϡ
Ѹǰ۾𵶾Ҫͯϴ̹ȥǺ塣
ͯϺµĽ
Ӷ׼˵ʱδ˻᲻Ầ£Ӷ׼ſʼ¡
½˿̷ǳˣͬһƥ׺ݵǣŷӵ
磡ǰס½룬侲㣡û£
ǰúܽǳ١
Ÿոմӱ½һлع̱㿴Էͯϻӵŵһס
Ҫȥ½ҧгݡ
ôң
ô˺ǰ
粻ԡǰֽŵ
յúܽǰżؽֱϣŴŵµڱ½ֱ
κʱ侲ĸ磬һ۸ʱ˲˺µǣҪЩ˺ˣݺҧһ⡣
ʪȵĸоʵ̫ˡ
½뽩סվԭһ
磬֣ûµģ֡ǰſǻ᲻ڱ½ϡ
Ǳ̵һ㣬ͻȻˣ˵ϡ
ѵ
мڳˡ
Ҳ˹һż
оȻ
ô£

˵оȻǰ˿漴ֿ˳
Ҫȥס˿ڣֲţп޵û°ɣһ£ȻҪˣȥҽԺ
ԴһŽȴŬǣֻЧ΢
½͵ֽס΢΢
֪ոոϹ㿴˳ǰӵʱ飬һ̣ҲΪֻлصķŭ
ǰ侲
ҲҺǰû£Ҳ֪Լµ顣
ҺǰǰCУҺǰš
ҺãҺá
ǰ΢΢ı½뱧ţҲŲǺ¡
ʲôͯϣ
Ҳûϵ
ǰ;һƬõĸԲܳ£˺ͯϣҲˡ
ԭУµ뿪һӣһ˳죬˷ˣôΪһͯϣͻԼأ
ǰҸոԼסˡ
ĵҲǺ£һԼûסһ½̫أ
ҲţԼôûڷͯϵһ˲䣬ֱת뿪أ
ͯѾǸˣ
ΪԼĵ󣬺ԼҲ˸硭
ְյŮһһֱۻѪһˮ
-
ҺǶ죬·ú
½ֻƤˣû˽ǣҽ˼룬ְ֮Ǳ뿪ҽԺˡ
ʱ򣬸Ҳڸ˹
ȵİͯԺ⣬˶żͷŭ
û°ɣǰ´۾֮⣬úõģ˿
ͯԺࡣ
ֻǺܿͽע˱½ϣдŸж͵ǣ½룬û°ɣ˿𣿡
½ҡҡͷɳش𣺡û¡
лл㡭Ҫ㣬ܶˡͯԺ۾һ졣
·ϵʱǾѾ֪ȫҲ֪ͯҪ׵ĶǰҪǱ½뵲һ£ǰ֪ô
ͯԺĵָм
һ˫ʪ۾Ҳͬмؿű½룬ʣ½룬лл㡭
˵̧꣬ͷͯԺ⣬Ժ⣡ͯѾˣǾԲܷŹ֮ǰ˺ǰһȥھȻ䱾
һǰֻǶ֣һȻҶˣ
ͯԺҧгݣѾͷĻˣҾԲл˺
˻أǺͰʫͮҲ˹
ʫͮɬһżãȻ
һֱڽҵţﻹŵ˭ǰôôûû
ǻΪǱ½룬ϾǰЦô˵Ҳûȥ½룬һֱûȥ
ǽֻͰʫͮûˡ
տʼҺ䶯ʱǶû档
˵ſڡɱˡˡҽԺ
һ̣Ŀһ͵塣
ȵ棬ǰѾͱ½ȥҽԺˣͯߡ
ͯϵһ̣Ǻݺݱһ֡
ܳ
ҽԺϣʫͮѹ˲ϴһżŸϽҽԺ
ǾͲˣôôһǰͲ㱻˸أ
첽ܵǰǰżҪû־ִٵؽָջȥֻǳʣãû°ɣ
û¡ǰҡҡͷȴһֱŰʫͮ
Էɫǳƽڿװһĵǡ
ſţǰͻȻˡ
ȥʫͮǽϣ֡
ž
һĶڰʫͮϡ
˶ˣΨб½ɫָֻ˶
ǰһûͣ˰ʫͮơ
ʲôʫͮŭ
ǰ۾ʫͮڱɣͯһҵõңǲ͸Ϣǲڱƣ
㡢˵ʲôѽ˵ʲôʫͮüװãȻָģ޵ĲС
ͯǰ
ȻҴ
ͯǸôûɱ
Ȼû˵ʲôǰִһ⣬θߣǳŭҸû£Ҹû꣡㲻Ҫѱ˶ɵӣͯ˵飬֪һ߻ģ
Ҫ룬ƶʰʫͮ
ôʫͮǲʲô᣿˺ͯϰԻ󣬵ǰסǰ
ǰһ˫źѪ˿۾һ˲䣬¶ȣͯôܶҹȥһ꾭䣿ôô׼ȷûʲô˵ʱ䣬ڲϰסң
֮ǰûϸ룬侲һ룬ʱܹ뵽ŸոմٹͯϻûǸ
ˣ˭أ
ֻǰʫͮ
˵ʲôǰΪʲôҪ㣿ʫͮһãȻѸٺ۾ĸо
ǰҧгݣʫͮ˺ҸˣҲŹģ
ƾʲôԩңʫͮ
ûʲôҪѿơ
ǰ
æסżӦˣô˺أȲҪżǴȥͯϣɿ㿴㶼Ҫˣ
ʹǰ֡
󣬱½˵ǰɿ
ǰһӾж
˿ʫͮۿҪˤϽסһֻȥǰ
ǰֱӻӿĮ
ⲻǵһˣѾ֪԰ʧٴˣ⻹ʧԭͯǰʧ
Ҳʫͮ
ǰĮߵ½ԱߣҪȥֱۣȴֵǵջء
½֣סǰҪص֡
һţһվţûա
½߿ƽӦȥͯϣûԩˣ˵Ҳ㲻
˵˲䣬۰ʫͮ
ʫͮͻȻëһ˲䱻ǶϣΣ
µӡ
оĺ£Ҫ˵ʲôͯԺͻȻһ
һ㶣ãȻ߹ȥԺ⣬ôˣʫͮˣæһ°ɡʫͮ϶µģ㲻Ҫʫͮ
һ仰Ƕǰ˵ġ
ǰԽĮͯԺҲ¶ʧΣɳڣȥ֡
ͯԺ⻳ɰʫͮ
ǰǸ޵ķʸˣ֪֮϶ȥһ꣬ǰδΪѹʫֻͮǵǿ
ô˵϶˿
ͯԺĵ׸ԼһҪҳ֤ݣһС
һǰߵģ


83 Ƥ
ãȻ, ȴǵͷֻ߿ǰֿʫͮ, һǡ
÷ǳ, ǰʫͮ, ǰʫͮƣԺҲزȥˡ
ǽá
ôֵأ
, Ҳܡ
һŮһʮֶŮ
, ʲôû˵
һǰܻվڰʫͮǱ, Ͼ£ʫͮһ˹վǵĶ, ϶ǻ۵ġ
һȥеƽЩбˡ
´˿ĵ׾ʫͮǱԩģҲû취ǰոĮ, ߵȥ
, ǳԵĳӺ硣
ʫͮһһ, ǰ½롢ͯԺ⡢, Լǡ
ǰĮ, ½Σ, ͯԺǻ, Ψһİ, ҲֻվͯԺԱ, ۵ؿ
ʫͮĵͻȻ
ͺ͵һ, ԴͯǰԺ, ˶վǱߡ
Ϊͯǰ
-
һ˸ϵ˾֡
ǰͱ½Ҫȥ¼, һ𣬰ʫͮҲȥȥΪˡϴѡԼɡ
ʱѾݲˡ
һ·ϣʫͮһƽ̹Ȼ·𡭡Ǳԩһ㡣
ǰĺ棬ǰ㣬ſǰλϣǰãûвǸû˵㣿
ǹģͯϣѾᵽˡ
Щ飬ñϲӦ¡
ǰҡҡͷûˣ賿ԲȥֵģҪȻȥɡ
ҪҪȥţǸ˵㣡죬൱ˡ
ģһЩǰͲڲϰ汻˵ˡ
ǰͷǵͷÿԣ˵ŹĵĻ
֪ΪʲôһĻڱ½Ĳ
򴽡
һת䣬ǰ㣬˵ֱǰ档
½ƺһ
ǰ̹˲ˣżؿű½룺˿ֳѪûУ
һżֲ޴롣
½ҡҡͷû£ֻеۣûѪ
ǰ˿һֻֽõֱֻۣǴ𣺡ҪעЩˡ˿ҽˣԲܡ
߶߶һֱţʱʱһ۲Сĵı½롣
½ˣ΢΢ᣬͷţˡ
û˻ȥü۶
˿½˵ֿ֣˿Լ֣̾
˵ΪʲôԼأ
Ӿôʻ˾֡
ǰո³ͬǸյֵͯǲ˹
û°ɣ
Ȼͬšü
ǰҡҡͷٴǿû¡
ͯǲ´ˣһġ
ǲû£˵㲻ٵôȻˣ͹ˡͯԺΡ
ͯǲŴ¼ǰȻظǲģҲĲֻǸϰҲ¡
ʲôĿ˵ǳθС
ͯǲҲǰȷû⣬ųһ˵ͯǸҪģȻˣߣȥˣ
䣬ǰδеĮ
е鶼ΪԷһδε˺Ҫ˶ľͯˣĸĸκϲ
һһ˾֣ȻǵķӦǳ֣һֱͯϵĸĸû
ô£ͯûͯԺʡ
һλŮ鸴ӣǰһ˵λͯϡ⡣
˾һ㶡
ǰȴ̿ʫͮÿǻûüһĨЦݡ
ǰΣٴ
·˵
ҺΣ
ǽȥͯԺü
ҲͯϷˡ
˸ŽȥͯϺܿ챻˳鿴Щ
һǣ鼤Ϊ۾ɵüԵЩ
Ƕ
Ƶǰϣ̬񣺡ôûӦģҪɱ㣬ɱǸˣұӣΪ㣡
̲ˣȭͷͯϹȥͯԺȻסˡ
ĹƨⱲӵѪùŻʶ㣡Ǻ޵òУ
ͯϵƵϣͻȻ¶ЦݣУǸ磬Ȣҵ˵ҪȢҵģѾˣҪȢңͲͯǰ
ǣ
ֲ̾þ˵ͯϷˣԭȻ
ȷķˣȻʡ
һѪҪķˣ׷أҲ͵Ժȥ
Ҫװ衭
ظڵļҳѾ·ϣϾҪˡҳǱô˵ļҳҲΪо⣬Ǿʹȥ
ǰ˴߿ͯϣֻͷʫͮ
¾ԺͰʫͮйϵ
װɣ
Էôڴֱ֮ͥҪɱԼ
װ衭
ı֤ܹ
㵽ʲôʫͮҲװˣһͯҿʼһ׮׮һȫĺۼÿͯңֵĽǰŰʫͮһ߹ȥ
ǰ˼ɰΪѣͯԺΪѡ
ڣͯ˵½룬ҲˣҲˣΪҲˡ
ֻһţֻô࣬ôܵһһεʧ
˶ǡ
ʫͮʱͺ۾ϴűߣͯǰһһԩңʲôʱˣΪʲôҪ㣡
ȻĿڣһ˵ɺܶ࣬棿ʣпܡ
˵ʫͮɴ۾
վǰ棬һֱı½ͻȻڣǺ˵㶼Ѿռȫˡһ棬ǰͯҺĵλֱ½ܹܵͯԴҲ½ˣذ½ʣҪ˵ֳɵӡ
ָŷͯϡ
ʫͮ۾˵֤𣿡
ǲǺ˵Էһ£ȣͯ䣬ͯͰײĸԼǲǻһ֮ǰԿûּΣһͯ˺ǰ֮ǰһ޹ôû
һΣڲΰϿͳû죬ܹͯ˳ҵǰѡҶڳԷʱ֣Ȼͨ籨ţ㣬ѵͬѧ𣿡½侲˵
ʫͮҡͷίԩңͯϾǿǲǺйϵ
ܺá
Ҳ˵ͯǱܻܲش𣬾شҲᱣסʫͮϴһ㡣
½ۿͯϣֻ˵һ⣬ҪʰʫͮͬѧͯϽٹ֮ǰõѡȥͬѧ˺ЩΪŰˣΧˡԣУ԰裬һ֪𣿡
Ҫ뽫޿ֵİʫͮܣҪľǽҿһֱϵǲƤ


84 
ǿظͯϵʱ, ЩΪŰ˶Ҳܵ˳ͷ
Ψкǹϵܺõİʫܸͮɾ
ĸɾЩΪž۵һģ
ռ֤ϿȷʵͰʫͮûйϵÿΰ˵, Ҳû, ֻˡ
ôҪ, һ֪
ôϻ۵һˣʲô֪
֪
һֱԹ, γʲôأ
½ⷬ, ֱӱʵ˹ؼ
ʫͮŴ΢΢Ĳ֪, ʱҵ˼ѧϰϣ¿δѧУ
, ˵Ǻš
ڳУȴࡣ
ʱͯǲͻȻ˵ͻȻ, ջ, 㲻ֹһһͯϺͰì, ͸˵ͯϡʱҲܱͯ۸, ûзϡ
ڻ
ǰʫͮ䣡
ͯԺⲻ˵, ϴͯϺͰ¼֮, һֱûȫŹʫͮ
Լųĺ, ȻûԵŮҪ, ȴҲûΪɾͳ׶
İȴãȻ, ֪ʫͮǲҲǰ
ֻͻȻ뵽, ϴʫͮ͵ͱ½绰, , Ϊ˼棬Ҫһȥѵ
ʱΪᡱʧԺָüΡ
ԡ
Щ飬ڻ룬ԽԽòԡ
ʫͮ˰еĻɣҧסùá㡢Ҳ𣿡
Ѿܲһ㡣
۽ǸǺĲУ·Ҫ̲סƵġ
ˣոյ˼ȫ׿߿ˣٵһ°ɣû֤ݣҪ̫ˣԩʫͮ
˵⻰ʱȥǰֻܶˡ
ǰһۣջߡ
һ˵ͻȻ˻ûѾ˽
˶̧ͷȥ
׼ˡ
šǰ̣ǰš
̺滹÷ûȻ֪ȥĶˡ
ֱǰʫͮһۣ·ǿһ㡣
÷棬ⵣǵؿ˿ʫͮ
ۿ죬ǰ´һǣû˵ɣˣ
Ĺ̫¶ǰֳ˳飬ûֻҡҡͷӦһ䣺û¡
ǰ֪ԭĹ£̵ⷬģҲֻܿģ˷ֶװġ
ͼ⣬ġܸܵ
̽ǰ֣һͯԺ⣺Ժ⡭ίˣ˵ͯͯҵˣҲӦø棬ϴȻ۰ȴʲôû˵βôˣõˣʲôҵģ
θһĵǡ
ͯԺͷ裬İɣҲŹκҪ˺ˣ
зâһ
ǰһǰܹԸоЩƲסֳ˳飬ûüͷ
ǰҿҵ˿ڣеۡ½뿴ǰ˶Լ˵֡
ǰˣʹֳҲ
ǰ첽ߵ½Աߣϸ˿ڣûѪ΢˿磬ܲ𣿡
½ҡҡͷڲˡ
ǰЦ۾ͻȻʲôˡ
ڰԼӰǶѳ
иʱ޿̲עԼͯԺͰûĲڣ½ȴ̲
ֱ˷ϣʱʱ̵̿ǵĸоڰڱ桢ìܵĹĶԱ£
ǰͻȻηˡ
Ϊ֪ԼʲôԼ˵ʲôʲôš֧Լġ
á
ŭͱƣһ˲ȫʧȻֿ侲˼ˡ
ȷʵûôǰŮûпų飬ôжأ
˿ŰʫͮԷ۾ǿվ˶桭
ۣ漴ǳ⣺ʫͮôˣǲһڲôûչ˺ðͯô󣬸㽻ηѣԼҲҪǷͯҵģҲǷģΪ㣬ӦҪչ˺
أʫͮ粻ܳһ㵹˼
ؿǣҲ֪ҵĴ
㻹Ʊ磡̾ŹҪ
÷ʶ˶ţҧŴ˻ȥ
ʵǿȥˣǰڰʫͮǰ棬˵裡㲻ҪͶ֣ʫͮҲܣûˣεʫͮûϵͯϵĴ
˵⻰ʱ򣬸ȥǰ
֪˺ǰģʫͮ޿̶Ϊûչ˺ǰҪ˿̡ж
ʫͮ׵ۡ׻û֤ݡ
ûпǰҲûпԷԭ˫ʧ۾û
޲
ҲעۣµൽʲôҪ飬ֱ¶壡ͯԺǳȹ˵¡
ͯԺҲǳʧ
ǺͰʫͮҪ˺ˣ֮Ѿûκתء
û֤ݣԲţҲ۰ʫͮôûе£ֱվڰʫͮǰ棬˵Ǿ䡪ʫͮûϵ
ָذʫͮģǰ
վڶ棬ָصĸס
жܣ
ʶǰԷȴûпֿ󣬰ʫͮѾĬĬ
ҧֵʫͮԺ⣬Ҳ˵û֤ݣǿԵ飬ھͲҪû֤ݵĻǴʫͮˣ
룬аְ֣׸磬б½룬ȻǣǶվǱߣʫͮȴֻˡ
վʫͮߣ⺢ܹ
ǰô˻ţʫֻͮˡ
ңԼųĺӣɱ˵顣
ʫͮ԰ǲġ
ǡ½ЦŰ߱䣬ĸҼǵ˵ϣҪ´ˡβ˺ǰȴվǰ棬˵Űʫͮûĸϣǵ˿̵ӣҪ˵ԲǰҲҪ˵ֲǰĻ
֣סǰ֣ůϣݵǰϡ
ᶨ᣺ԲǰֲʱȴֲδͲҪֲˡǰ磬һԶ
˵ҲԶǰ
˵䣬߿ǰֺ֧Ͱο
Ȼ۾΢΢ϣһֱҪһãǰǲãҲҵãһ֧뿪ͥҲȱٹذġ
ڸǰ費ûϵǶǻ͹ذ
ǰиůˣ¶Цݡ
ȴãȻֺ¡
ͯԺ߸ʧ
ͯǲΪǰ׸磬֧ǰҲǰģɶǰĸף㲻ָԷʲô
ǰ
㱻ɱֱĸײΡ
ͯǲһ߿ͯϣͯϣ㵽ô֪ǰڲϰģǲ˭˵ʲôΪʲôҪ˺
һһʡ
ֹᵽͯϣʲôͯϲд𰸡
ǰʫͮıǰԩ˰ʫֻܹͮͯ˵ס
ˣ
Ȼ⣬ͯȴ¶ЦݣͯǰͯǰˣɱˣҲܵˣ
ͯϣ˵ࡣˣ㸸ĸû裬˵࣬㸸ĸֻܻؼȥչˣҵĹ˾ǲҪǡͯԺ䣬в
Ĺ˾ҪҲҪ
ܹͯӣЩ궼ͯԺġ
Ҫͯװ裬ǳͳײĸĸˣ򡭡ͱ˵࣡
û裡ɱͯǰͯϴЦҪ˵ͯԺǱȥסˡ
вûãȫʲʲôˡ
˿ʼɣǲѾˣ
ǰӰվڰʫͮǰ濪ʼһֱĬȻ˼
ˣͻȻ̧ͷ򾯲죬˵壬Ҫͯϵ˵䣬𣿡
һ㶡
ż˵Ҫ˺ģ
ͯԺҲͷǣԣȻˣӦСһЩٱ˵
ûΪ½뵽ˣҪǱ½һָʲô顣
ǰҡҡͷûµģֱˣҪ˵
˵ʱߴӰʫͮƽɨĮ
ȴðʫͮ΢΢һ
˿̣ʫͮͻȻЩǣСǰͯϵ桭
ʫͮޡ
-
ǰ֣ͯԺȥͬһ䡣
һͬǲͯ˺ǰҲǰ˺ͯϡ
ܣ
ǵĶԻҲӦñ
ǰûоܾͯһš
ͯ˫ԭûо۽ͻȻ̬ôûҪɱ㣡
Ͻס
˿ϣû˺ˡ
ǰƽؿ죬ͻȻЦˣͯϣɵ
ͯ΢΢һ٣Ҳֹͣˣǰ
ǰ¶һЦݣ֪𣿰ʫͮϲǡ
Ȼ·ȻԼ˶һը.
Է鳹׽סֱǰģһҲǷˡ
ûпڡ
ǰ˵ֻûаգͲ˵ţš
ʫͮٱֳǽӴʱ򣬾ǺͯǲӴһ㣬һҲûͯϵķ
ǰһܿˡ
ã൱ס
֪ԭģ֪ʫͮͬҲϲǣϲˣֻǳƣûֳ
ôͯǰ֪ʫ֮ͮԸǳʺԼǲһġ
Ϊ֪ԭģǰ˵仰
ͯû˵֪š
ǰεҡҡͷ̯֣ͯϣ룬ЩǣŮǲǶаʫͮĺۼ
أͯϽסɢȻ˼С
죬ͫһŲš
ǰʱ̹עţȻ˵ԩ޳ΪʲôҪָʹԸЩأֻĵû취һ֮ǰܱȫߵĵ㣿ĴڣΪ塣
ͯޱ䣬ȴֺܿ侲ϸһĺۼҲûУҧгݡ
Ҹ㡣
Ҳ˵°ʫͮں˰ʫͮȴǰ
Ὣʫͮġ
ǰҡҡͷһ˫۾ܹȼһС
Ҳ˵ɵܵͷˣΡֻǽ㵱ӣҺԩ޳ȴ޲ɱҡΪĽ㲻䵽֣ǲܺһ𣬵Բӡ
ǰЩΣ㿴ǵ𣬲Ժʲô³㹩ʫͮ᲻ܵӦеĳͷûӰ졣һӣпԼҵδܳǶֻǹͣԶǵǡ
̼˵ĻͯϺ޵ҪɱºأɲһС
ǵ
ͯδ
רעԼδԡ
ͯ˼£һֱûʹϣͻȻʹ࣬ǿƲס
ʮ꣬Ѿһӡ
һӣǸЦ
ͯޣȴЦ
ڶ棬ֱԶȼŻǰ
ǳӡ
δ
ҲˣԽԽˡ
ԼôԼǧٿ׵أ
Ը⣬ҲС
סʫͮ
-
ǰͯϳʱ˶վӭ
û°ɣ
Ҫ˵ʲôûٷɣ
ոչ꣬ȻǾͿ
ǰǸޱ飬һҲӺۼͯϡ
Ȼװ裡ͯǲθҧгݡ
Ǻͯˣ
ȻͯȴûпֱֱߵʫͮǰͻȻϲǸ磿
̫ͻȻˣͻȻ˶û뵽
ʫͮ
һ˲𾪺ͻңʶȺǵķ򿴹ȥ
֪վĶʱʱ̿ע
ֻͬͯһǰ
ȵعջߣֻ𾪣˵ʲôôϲǣҺûʲô飡
ͯϸոһֱķӦѾ
ʵ֮ǰѾ˲²⡣
ϲһ˲һ㼣ҲûУͰʫͮʶô꣬ôһҲأ
֤ˡ
ͯЦˣЦ
ǸЦһǸЦ
Ц̫ˣЦȴ档
˶û
ͯЦֶ֮ŰʫͮǷ񣺡ҲЦɣ϶ҺɵԲԣС󣬶ҵģҡΪҵĸ࣬ΪѾͷָʹ㣬ҶС㶼ˡΪ㽫ҵߣĿĵĹߣҵǰ棬ұɽӣ
֣Ҫȥʫͮȴסˡ
Ȼʣͯϣɱ˵ǰʫͮ𣿡
ǹؼ
Ҳ֤ݣ
ͯһ˫Ѫ۾ɴ󣬻ͷˣŷ񡪡
ҳ⣬Ҳװ裬ʲôʱȥͯǰҵģֹЩһ׮׮һȫҪ˵ʫͮ㺦ˣҲŹ㣡


85 
ͯϾ, ԸѾˣǺڣҲıԸ
ǰʲôû, , Ҳû취汳
ѾԹˣûгɹ, ҲͻȻͲŪͯǰˡ
˵İʫͮôܻŹ
һֱ֪ʫͮҲϲǡ
С󣬰ʫͮ, ȥʰˣֻҪڲʱһŽ߿
ʫͮһаѱ֪һУǿ֤ݽͽٹһ꣬ʫ֤ͮݿֹȥһꡣ
Ҫֱ֮߿Ҳ׵úܡ
ͯˣԽԼһЦһЦ
ͯ⻰˶ס, Ȼв², ͯ׿ڳϵʱ, ֵһĸо
ʫͮ
Щ굽˶£
𾪼ӡȻˡɵ, ŵؿͯϣȻͷʫͮ
ʫͮı
ôܣ
ĲűѾ˲, ŵİʫͮҲûп, ֻק, ͯϡ
ͯ¶Ц, ڰʫͮ𾪵Уһ˵
ǰʫͮҴ绰ģǼģң˸ͯǰȫ꼶һͯǰ˾𽱣Աκһѧ˶ͯǰңһڲΣǸֻͯǰϲͯǰҵļʣҡоѾˣɱǲҪеģ
һ˶û㱣һ̣ͯϿеİʫͮ˿̵ˣᶨŵİʫͮ
ͯǰڼֹЩһҺͯǰܣҲɿҵŭ֪ͯǰûͯǰͯǰһֱĶңһֱҶͯǰŭ𡭡ǵȥͯǰʱҲȥͯǰҾĴ磬ĿĵȻͯǰʣѾͷвԶҲ̧ͷ
ȷʵôˣǶû뵽Ǽһǰϻ¸ң̿ŬӲԱҲǵһΪֻԼ
ڳΪĿĽ㣬ôҲû˻۸ˡ
ԼԽԽ⡣
ͯϣǰǸÿκĸŮ˵˭Ǹ顭Ҷ˵ŮпܳΪǸŮѣ
ҧסͯϺͰʫͮǺε
֪ʫͮǲϲǱϲ뱻ͯϲһġ
ǻҲǸˣʫͮͬҲһˣҲúҲյģͯϴЦ
ֳЩĬ
ͯԺͰǿŰʫͮģͯǲǺһ𳤴ģ׼ˣǶٺͰʫͮйϵ
ʮ꣬ǾӲ֪ôһ߾ߡ
ϼãȻǻ㱣ΪʲôΪʲô
ֻʶط
ʫͮվû˵֪Լû취ˣҲװģģûίֻʣĮ
ıĿ
ͯشˣΪѽҪֻͯһСҪΪͯҴС㣬ͯǰˣʲôͯǰģȻҪҪøɸɾֻʣһͯˣ
ЦɵǺһɵĶߣôأʼļƻǴѹͯǰţԱԶɪ̧ͷ
˵ͯϵûɹǾֻһ·ˣǿŪˣһ˰ˣ

ͯԺⲪȻŭôң
ͯǲҲáǡ죬ҧгݣҺûгɹ򡭡
ǰû˵΢΢ͷ
֪Ϊʲôһ̣ۿЩɬ
ôûɹأ
ǳɹˣҺܳɹ
ͯǰһӣ
û취˵û취Ϊͯǰ
ǰͷû˿顣
Ա߱½֣֣İο
ǰ̧ͷײ½˫ůݵ˫С
ȴᶨ˵ʫͮҲΪԼ鸺ˡ
Ȼ۾һƬĮɱˣͯһҲܣ
ǰôԹɵСãЩôң
ȻûãһֱҪһãͯǲϵãȴûнͯϺͰʫͮá
ռǰϲã͸ӡ
ǰֻ˲Եȴŷ֣ûƭƷˣ࣡
˶ŰʫͮҲü
ССͣȻ˴
ôôɣͯҪΪ鸺𣬰ʫͮҲһͯԺ䡣
û뵽ԼȻһߣ
ԣȴͻȻڵײţ鼤ԵģʫͮͻôСôǣأ
Ϊʲôԣı½䡣
϶ʲôᣬʫͮ飬ʲôԸǶǿųģܻ˺ģһնߵͯϣͯϣ㵽ʲô˼˰Ҫʫͮ𣿣
ҺͯЦˣ̬񣬡Ҫ˵öʵҴ绰ǿȥ¼Ŷˣùõ绰Ҵģǹõ绰ǶмأⶼǿԲ鵽ģ
ҪʫͮѵԴ
ɫ˱䣬⣬ȻͯԺѾڣ裬㻹ͯ˵ʵ
̴궯˶˵
ôǿԲŻ취
ȻʫֻͮЦһһĻ˵ˡ
Ĭˡ
̼ˣĹڰʫͮϣ顱һθʫͮǺͿϴԭ㣡ѵҪԼⱲӶ𣿣
ͣٹǼǹףδ
ˣ
ʫͮûж̽ץ֣ʫͮıãùùøϴ˵ԺҲˣ㲻ǹģԲԣ
ʫͮǲ˵
Ժ⣬ʫͮһʱͿǾԭһΰɡҲԭһΰɡ֪ˣҲûˣôһأ̲˵
ǰû˵ɴھ״̬
ͯԺӦΪԼ鸺Ȼһֱڱô࣬ܵͷԺֻ䱾
Ժ⣡
ͯԺƿߣȻǼ֡
̼ˣһҧҪ¹򣺡Ժ⣡ˣʫͮһ·ɣ
ͯԺæסҧû
½ȴ̣һֱ˵ǰҷʫͮҪףǰʫͮҪɱǰҪǰʧϣܵͷǰİȫ˭ϣ
ѽβɣ˵֪û´Σ
͵ؿ쳣ϬԼ˵һ˵ĵ
أǰǰһƽҸ粻ˣ˵öԣҲܲ׷εġʫͮҪҵƾʲôŹţԺ˺𣿡
̴궯˶˵
ͯԺҲɿ֣һᶨ׷Σ
һףһ˫۾ԽԻǣ˳
֣ʫͮڻ󣺡˵˵ѽֶŮ㿴ųģԺһ뿪Ҳ˺
˶
ͯԺҲȻӰǵȴҪ˵ʲô
˫˾۽Ŵ䣬
衭ԭԭҵɵӺŪ𣿣ԭҵΣҵ۰۸Ů𣿣
˶ˣԴ桰ˡһֱš
˺þõʱŽ۰ֶŮȻһֱΣҪŮ
ԼǸϹһȻһֱã
Լովڰʫͮǰ棬Ϊ˺Ϊ
ֱǸɵӣ
˿ôܰʫֻͮݺݴһƣ
ΪԼΣҲΪ˰ܹί
̻˵ʲô
ʫͮסЦһ̣˵ˣڶ޲ʧϣǲġͯңǣҲŮĶһ˿һ⡣
޽˵ͷǵЦݲ䣺ùҲǣùʮ꣬˵ĸζ˵ǲҲȲҡŮһл㻹𣿡
һ㶣漴˶ˣָ̧ˮɳʣ˵ʲôҲ㣿Ϊ㶼Ůģˣǣ
ѽҾǰǡʫͮ߱䣬Ȼ۰ңҾҺҪΪʲôһֱȥأΪʲôҸ߸Ϊͯǰĳ֣̽ˤ
øҪվȡ
ͯԺͯǲǰȥס
վ˲ſʫͮŻںޣԭ㾹ȻôңҡҾͲ㣡Ǻڰ
ԼؿڣʹԸӡ
ͯǲȥˣ俴Űʫͮɣ壬Ҳı֮һȥɣ
顪̵Ĺȵڵϡ
˲ϼ񣬱ŰʫָͮˣԣǲԴҵıŮҰ׼ֻһӰԺ⣬ǣʫͮһ·ɣ
ʹ
ǰȴͻȻЩЦЦֻƽʣţȻôΪʲôȥװأ
һŰʫͮûɿ΢΢
ˮ۾ãȻؿŰ̡
ĵһ²⣬ȴֲš
ʫͮ΢˿̣ǳʹ࣬Ҳ˺ù
ȻΪңԽǱֳңùáøǲŻҸѽ̲ĶҺõģǶԴһ㣬֮֮ȥһ
ǰһڣ¡
ͯԺУתѣ˲ߵϹӣһ˫۾Ụִֵ̋ʡ
裡˵ģЩ꣬Ҳôҵģ


86 
ǵġʶҡͷ, 顣
ʫͮȴû˵ǴųЦݡ
زסˣ, ѾҲβ, Ѿǳϲϵ⣬ǶԷѾȫŪˣ
شʵҪ˵ٵ, ɿþߣ˵
ǹһҪһ𰸡
̲˵, ֻǽŰʫͮ¶Ρ
ǵģЩ꣬ж԰ʫͮĮҪʫͮ
֪÷İûֵİŹء
ˣʲôס
ޣؿ, 
ĸ, ֶŮ
˶, ǺȻһۣڶԷп𾪡
ϾȻĸף
ȻΪŮԼŮ
ȻΪŮ, װϲŮ
ǡ
ǺȻ
½뵹ǲ⣬ϵС
裡û°ɣͯǲ, һĺ, һż
ͯԺҲ, 𾪹, 㳤̾һַŭգһһ׼ƭ
հ֣Ů˺ܶ飬Ů˺ܺͿ
İˣЩ꣬ʱ֧
ҧĻάʫͮϧάһƭ˺Ĳǡ
ͯԺ̾ɳ˵ӽͰ׼Ҷ˰ɡ㿴ǲٿԲİ
һŴµȴһ۲ҿǰ
ˣǴ̫ˣ
ΣվֿЦ
ҶԲ𰲰Ū˰ȴͼðʫͮοԼֻΪҵЩ裬С͸ں磬Ϊ֪ˣ룬ҲΪԺ⣡
Щ꣬Ҹһ³ɣɷкӹҲţǡʫͮҴСʲôͬеĶһݣ
ϧǻǲ֪㣬ȻҪռĵλʫͮһٶưҵĴҵĴǺڰڲòԺģڲòҵŮ
ӽǰ׼ҺҲûһϵֻǲͰ裬ֻǲԺӣ
˵꣬ĿڣһѣΡ
ǰվԭûƽ翴һ·һ㡣
룬Щ飬ϴˣͿֲġ
ЩʱҲͷͿԻͷġ
ͯǰһʫͮȦ׶˵ģ֮ǰһֱ֪࣬Ҳһֱ
ͯǰıԭ
Щϴͺڶֲ˵ģ˾Ͳܻͷ
Աߣ½ֽ˽̧ͷȥʱ򣬶ԷṴһЦݣ˵
㻹ҡ
ǰҲ¶Цݡ
Ĳˣͽˡ
棬Ϊ˾͹¼ˣʼů
ǲȥԱšͯԺ˵
дĸǰʫͮͰ׼ҡ
߿̺ͰʫͮĶǲſգҲˣǱȫò裬һνˣԺŹţ··
䣬ҲܼᶨȻ׼ҴӽҲûŴ
ɫֱ䣬죬飺
ߣһ۶뿴
裬ȥɡ÷վ˵
ŮųŮûʲôϢЩ궼һˣ˭
һ̣վ˳ᶨʹࣺ衭ǻȥԺԺ㡭ʫͮʫͮӦΪԼ𡣡
žһƴ÷ϣݺݵںʲôʫͮŮǰ׼ҵĺӣ㾹ȻȻҪ
÷ֹ裬ڵǵʫͮ͵ͯȥͯҵˣհףФ벻ԼĶ鰡
ɱˣ
ǿɱˣ
ǰջʮ꣬ʮͿʼıƣʫͮѾ˰
ӦΪԼ鸺ӦȥеΣԺؼңһҲԡ
ٲĻˣ
̾÷ûڣʹ࣬ͯԺͯǲᶨ
ǰȴڹ۲ʫͮ
ʫͮôվǶû֮ǰʾд˵Ǹǻһ˿Цݡ
ǰͻȻ룬һСС;ͻ㾡ˣûк
ļƺʹϻۣ͵Ů붼ġ
ǰܾáкС
ͯԺѾȥˣ̫࣬Ҫʱͽܡ
ŤͷƽضԾ˵ͬ־λʫͮͬεɱδ¼Ůܵ˺ͯϵָأϣܹܳͷǾˣԺҵʦǻ
õġӦˡ
Ȼʫͮȴͦͦ˵ңҲָءû֤ݣƾʲôң
ָ㣡ˣ֤ݣǿȥأͯ˵
һҪͰʫͮͬھ
ʫͮ¶һЦݣᳰӵָأ𣿡
˵úûһ˿һĽţȻǡ޿֡
һ㶡
װ裡Ƿ
ϣһɣɳƵ
˶̧ͷȥǰҲˡ
΢΢һ㶡
ͯˡ
˺һǰȣʵǱ仯̫ˣˣǱͯԺ⻹Сͣ޽ȴѾ˰׷
ͯЩˣǸݵЩࡣ
ǰûϳ
ͯԺҲһ㶣мãȻǡ
ôˣ
ͯٹһ꣬ǵӰô
ͯҡҡͷ߿ǰȷû֮󣬲ųһɳ˵Բ㣬ûüϡ
ǰҡҡͷû˵
ͯôһˣҪɱͯ˿סġ
һͯͷң·Ҳմ˳ͺ۾
ͯϸĸ𣿡ǰ
˵ͷ
̽ͯ˵˳˵ͯװʱ˶һ
ĿǰôǶλϵ顣
ͯ궯˶ʲôû˵
ȴĨᣬһ߿һ˵Բ𡭡ϡȷʵо񲡡
˵棬ޡ
ʲôȵ׿ڳŮо񲡸ʹأ
һ㶡
ǰҲͫһ̿ͯϣԷЩͣ۷ſգ֪ʲô
ͯ̾ҲĨ˰ѿƲסˮ˵ϻԾϰЪԿ룬ڽơǣǾΪˣڶḶ́ܽܳˡ
˵ţóһ飬Ͳ
棬ʱǰ
ǲñ֪ԼŮ˾񲡣˭û˵û뵽Ȼʫͮãɱˡ
û裡ǲŷˣǴͯͻȻ󺰴Уƴ
쾹Ȼûס
ǿͯϣޣͯһ˲ˡ
ͯԺŲ죬Ȼһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲô
ġ½˵
Сֻǰˡ
ǰͷŴ
ͯȷʵ⣬֮ǰıʵЩֻǶĬװ衱û뵽ȻĻ˾񲡡
ͯԼָذʫͮʱ򡭡Ҳû뵽Լĵ˾񲡡
ǰҲЩ֪˵ʲôˡ
ͯϡȻӡ
û뵽
ֲðʫͮ޿֣
ˣ˵ɱ˵飬ȻǼƻȫˣ
֪̱֮ͯ˼ƻͯϳˣԴϲͯʧˣӵĻš
ֻԼҲû뵽˰˶ǰ̻
û뵽ǰ˿ͯϵ죬˵ࡣ
ߵһ֣Ҳûйϵɿ޿֡
ǰŰʫֻͮˡǿ
оߣʫͮ˵壬ҿ뿪¿ɺûϵɱ˵ͯϣָءӵĻ
˿ʱñ
¡Ȼ
Ǵ˴첲˸£û뵽ҾȻʶˡ
ˡϲ
Ǽֱ
Ҳɿ֣ŵؿ
ʫͮžɡ
ʫͮƽ˵̣ٵȵǾͿԻȥˣ촩Щ𣿡
̴궯˶˵
ôôƵع䲻䣿
ҲͻȻ֣һҲ˽ԼŮ
һΣʫͮ˵ģʲôǻ˼ģ룬ʫͮˣͷˡ
ûзϡ
ֵ֮úƽ̾ͽԺ
ӵϢʱ֪˵뷨̾ȷŮĺۼ
ˣҪ
ϧûгɹǵĴԽԽ⡣
̶ˣȴְʫͮȻ˺֣֡˿¡
Ѿͷʮꣿ
ʫͮˣǲ֪Ǽϵľ״Ŵ̼ͯǰǳȥץŰʫͮʹ򣬡ˣǣô㣬㾹Ȼôǰ𣿣
һ߿һߴ
û˶Ҷ
˺ü£ͬ־ǰȥס
ʫͮӵվеģǵЦɣҲûãҿʲôֻǺͯ˵˵ͯǰˣҿɲ֪ˡ
վģһ
žʹһƴȥ¡
ȥȻµһˣǸŮӣ
Լ
Ϲ˼㣡
ʫ̧֣ͮԼѾһ˿ѪĨȥЦ
ңңΪҪͯǰԸͣҪǱ½룬˿̣㻹ǺֶŮŮѾ߱ˣͷͯǰ㿴Уɶ㻹һ˿⣿
һͷһˤڵء
ֳİ
½ɿǰ֣Ҳߵʫͮǰ
Ӹߣ˿̿Ӹ£ĮϬŰʫͮʱ򣬾Ȼʶһ
˱£˵
ʫͮȷʵٹʮ꣬ûܹס㡣ڣʮ꣬㻹̫Сˡ֪ϣܳͷɲֹһַʽµķɣº͵ġ
˵꣬ͷͯԺ⣬ᣬֻΧܹ˵ͯҪΪԼĴ¸ģԲԣ
ͯԺһ˫Ϭ۾Űʫͮû˵Ц
Щ굱˸ףӺͻˣƢһ浱ϻһֻèˣ


87 
ʫͮס, ǴݵЦס΢΢һ
½룬ֿͯԺ⡭
ʱ, ˡ
һ̣Ȼ־, ǰǱ½룬ȴ޾Ԩ, ˲
Ų, Ŵݵֻʣ¾ʧ롣
ôأ
øͯԺ, ͲһƲ磡
ʱǳ£ԴӰ޸ͯԺ, ԾûЩ۶ӳ, ǡ
, ͯԺˣҲһ, ŵðô궼մҪ顣
ƽʱСǮ˸, ޳ȥ, Ǵˡ
ֻ˵ȴû˵Ժ᲻ὫԼûˡ
ܹŵô꣬ɼͯԺ⵱ֶΡ
ʫͮٿ½ʱ򣬱־øӿ¡
ѾԾԼֶзǳȻǰվŵˣһҲ, վǰߵʱ, ˾˳Ĺ, Ȼһ¶ǡǡ
ڵûֶͨ죬Ժˣֽǡεȿ¡
ʫͮͻȻͺˣôȥôأ
Ƿһַ
ȷʵȷʵ̫ˣٸʱɳȻ˳嶯
ʫͮת嵽ǰûвңҪ˽Ūң
½ƿʼ磺˵𣿷ᣬʲôʱ˵ŪˣҲǿЦʲô
⻰ȴðʫͮӺ£ôͯ˵ģʲôû˵ʲô˵ˣ֤ݣǿ϶㲻ϣ
˿̣½֮֮
ףңҽͯϵģʫͮżˣֱӳϡ
ͯԺ⵭ǳ
ʫͮ͵Ťͷǣֻ˫۾
̱˵ϣֻһ
ˣˡ
Ժ⣬ƹʫͮɣˣ̲Ҫ¹
ͯԺûǸյõס
ͯԺûʱĸʱʲôǣٽһ衱
̵߿ȻͷٲȻʧ
˿̣˰ʫͮôܰ飿
û˸ʫͮ飬Ȼƽ˿۾Цһ
ˣעòκ˵ͬ顣
֣硭ǰǰ
˿һߡ
ͯԺʣôˣ
ǰûʫֻͮ߹̧ͷ棺ҪԼ֣ҲҪٶʲôˣ߷ֶΰɡ
һ㶡
û뵽Ȼǰ飡
ʫͮȼϣ
ͯԺͱ½Ҳһ㶣ͯԺ˵ָزĳͷᡣ
½ȴͻȻˣһůҲ΢΢
ոյݣһ˲ʧ
ԨԵÿԼԨΪһʱͻ֣ק
ǰ¶ЦݣΪҵİְֺ͸֡
ʥĸʫͮʲô³⣬Ҳ˿
ⲻְֺ͸綯֣ʫͮ䡣
İְʴȡͣǸ߸ϵĴȸܲãĸСǰ·ʻ̵ء
ǲմѪôѪ
ЩµߣһԽˣпܻزˡ
ʫͮͯϾǰ֮ӵһ£Ϊ̬
ϣ½Ҳͬһ㣬רעԼЩ˷ʱ䣬Լ֡
ְֺ磬ܺúõģմۻࡣ
ǰ̧ͷ˫ÿ۾ˡ
ͯԺҲһůҪӦ£½סǰ֣˵İɣ⻹ھأôܻŪŪ˶ᣬұ֤һͷֻϣͯԺһ£תѧߵԶԶġ
ǰһ˿
ȻͯԺȴЩ֣һ˱½üۡ
Сӡ
а
һͷѪвŸ°
-
ˣһ߳֡
硭лл㣬ллĹϡͯͯԺ֣ᡣ
ͯԺ⿴˺ܶĵܵܣ̾˵ͻٴһӰɣҲ໨˼ںϣôϻۻΪֱҪ
ͯ˲˵Σڵ˵ͷ
ȴŰʫͮһңʫͮûˣû£ԺЩˣǡǺúùԼӣǰ㣬̲ý͵ͯң
Աߣ÷Ҳ۾˵ʫͮԺһһʲôˡ
ʫͮ죬ȴʲô˵
˵ͯԺͱ½벻ģ
ڱ½пΣպԨ
ң
ˣұ֤Ҫ˵ͯǰ֪³ֻҡ
δ֪Ÿӿ־壬˿µ÷
ǰ֪뷨½ϳѾ˳ֺõ¶ЦݣҪ
ǰܿԼ˽ȥ
һɫӲ԰ס
վͯǲֻ̾
⳵²ˣȻҲ˽ȥ
½ͯԺ⣬ͯǲ˻档
ͯͽˡ½˵
ͯԺ⽻һһ˲䣬һоڲС
ǰΪǶٶ԰ʫͮʲôˣǾԲҲŻвǰȫˡ
̫ˡ
ͯԺΣСӣǺ̡
½ǹ˹ûҰʲôҪҾʲô
ͯԺ⣺ʲôûֻǸҳ⣡
Сӡ
˾͸˵ƵģͯǲһãȻ˵ʲôôף
½뿴һۣʲôû˵Լ˳
ͯԺؿһۣͬ½룬ٿ㣬
ͯǲֵģ
ƽ̲סѹ˵ԼĿġ
֣ľô򵥷ŹʫͮԺ᲻˺ҪȻǻҲȥٹɣ
ͯԺĬΣ˵ǲ㻹ǻȥúöɡ
ͯǲ
ϳ
ʵҲɵͯԺӦ֪Էˡ
ֻǡ
̧ͷ˿һǰ˵ı½룬òϡ
Сӻ
ߵͯԺ˵˼仰Ҳ˳
ܿ죬ӿߣʧС
ڡ
εһֱǰǰ̲סֺ۾
ͯԺ⿴һۣȴûͬһο
ҪЩѵˡ
ͯԺ⿴ųڵˣһЩУܶϻ۶Ǻӡ
ǣ˵
ǶҾͶ˵䣬ʫͮͯϾǰ֮ǶЩĺӣҲҪʱʱ̼̿ǵãԼģԼģԼģҪȥֶλȡǿֶͨΣͨŬãвɳΪһʫͮ⣬֮ĲޣҲҪǡ
ͯԺվһĽǶȣضؽ̻壬е˽
ǰҲš
֪뿪֮ĵط
۾ǿͯͯŮѾ򣬽һЭǽõľԺΡ
һ䣬æʣ˵Ź𣿣
ͯ飬ȴסǣ۾ʣǿȥɣ
ԡޱ˵
ǿ˳ͯû˵
ͯԺ˵һʱѾ֪ˣãǻȥ
һôһȬĵȬ
Աߣű
ͻȻ֣ԭ²Ǿʹ˽
ǡʫͮ𣿣
û˵ʲôѾתͷ˹۾ƽ
ڰʫͮС㣬ܻͯ㸸ԸѧֻΪãԺڹⶨӰɡ
˿ֻǳãá
ֻҪʫͮԸ⣬ҲڹúܺõģҲܷġ
ͯԺ⡭Բ׼ˣܱȶѽ
ʫͮȴ죬ſ־ʡ
ڡڡĶѧ
ޱ³֡
ޡ


88 
ʫͮڵ, Խʹ࣬ǡ
ڱҴʱ, ޿֣ʱ, ͯ˺κΰ, Ϊ, ֻҪ, ܻϣ
ƾԼĴϻۣٹ, ջ
Ȼޡ
һӶܻˡ
ʫͮˣץԼ̺, ͹
ʫͮʹ޳, ս֣鰧, ʫͮ͵Щطȥѧкܶõطģط, ˣͯԺ绰, ߸绰谡
ޱ飬ֻƽ˵λûǸϽ𣬴ϵ˰󣬾ͻЭʫͮСѧ
УͬģŮΨһŮ̷, ɴ۾, һƬѪ졣
ʫͮȴԾ
ʵҲǲԼո˵Ļġ
𩲻ͬ⣿
ʼʱ, ʶͬ⡣
ͯԺ֣;ܾˡЩ꣬ǿͯԺкӣͯԺ⣬Ϊ˰ʫͮȥͯԺ⿹
͵ײҲǲкˣ˽ˣûкˣҲΪ˺Լ
ǡܲԼ
ʫͮѧѾעˡ
̻ǲ޺ţȥԺ⣬ȥǣ
÷ɳɤ裬ˣʫͮڻܺúûţֻҪԺŬȥ֣ܻҡ
أʫͮһǣŰ̵̡֣ȥǣȥ
Ѿ֪ͯԺĽˣʼʵʵϴٹ˵ͬͯһڹߵԶԶġ
Ϊƴ翹أ
ǡѧޡ
ʫͮףͯԺֻ˵ѧɷôطͯԺ϶ȥõĵطʣµĵطҲġ
֪Լᱻ͵ʲôط
ȥ˷ޣ޸ֶ֮ξ˵ͯԺȣʲôƣ
һַʽڵ
ֲˣԷҲͲΪˣͿԼ
Ҳףڲ˵ʲôֻǱŰʫͮޣ˵ϣʱʮꡣ
÷ֻǽӲضԱߣĬĬᡣ
Ǵˣǲ̰Ľ٣ͽǵŮ͵ͯң÷Ů˲еͷûܼʱֹ
ʫͮ
İ
ȲֻǸģ
ٲҲûãֻű˽Լͳٻز

лᣡ
ڹȵͯԺ⿹ˣߵȵͯԺʹˣˣҲܹˣ
ʫͮȼϣ
ǣû뵽ͯԺˣб½롣
Ǹ곤ҲԲκ˺ǰ˳ߣ
-
ʫͮߴӲٵȼϣ
ͯǱߣȴ쳣侲
ѹ˺֪ԼڼȥҽԺơ
ǻڿͯ˵
ϣúýƣҲúҪûõŬˡǰʮѾˣúýƣһֱģˣǾͽʱһˡúõģ̤̤ʵʵٲҪǵĶ
ͯɳƣĵͯϲԸȥ
Ȼû뵽ֻͯʣʫͮأ
ѧͯظ
ͯЦˣЦҿɱöˣףǾҽԺȥˣ
ͯ㶣漴̾һ
ѾͷôִͯǰͺŰʫͮ
ڰʫͮҲǺ޵ģǼн죬Ǹ˿ǹû
ֻͯϣⱲӶҪټʫͮ
ΪԼĴ
-
ȥһ·ϣͯԺⶼڽ̵ǡ
ǰͱ½˶ú棬ЩǶǶģͯԺ̵ʱҲԸ
һůġ
ȻƼң³ʱȻǰ˵ǰѾܵӦеĳͷҲͱˣúü͡Ȼ׼ͣҪúø߿ĻҪӴҪΪֵõ˷ʱ䡣
ǰصͷģȻ硣
֣˵÷ǳ档
ǰĽɸˡ
ȻĹģֵһ硣
ԣȻ¶ЦݣЦǸˡ
Ͻɣͯǲ˸ۡ
ͯԺǳǲ̫ûòˣ
ͯǲߣò
ȻҪˣò
СӣҪԼȥѽ˵ʲô
ٻᡣ½Ȼͷ
ȻҲЦЦٻᡣ
˶ӵʱһ˵
ͯǲգб½롣
õҲ̫˰ɣ
Ȼ󣬳ֱʻͯңǾסڸڣҲһһȥˡ
ֻߵͯʱסǰ°ڡ
ǰؿ
ǲ˼صͷԲ𡭡
ͯϻǰʫͮǰȻЩϵ
ȻǶʼɣǶʼɵԭ֮һǵĹϵԲǷǰġ
Ǳǰ߶ˣͷʱǰҲܿ
ȻҲܿдŵΡ
ǰ¶һЦݣ㲻õǸҲûʲôԵǸģûʲô
ǰΪʫͮͯϲԼȥԹʹǣͯʲôأ
ͯϾΪǺͱŮ˵ЦȥΪ˼Ұ
ǰԼΪ֮ͯ
ĲǣͯϺͰʫͮ
̧̧ͷǰ۾Է棬ȻĲ
̲ס¶ЦݣֻЦУΡ
賿ûΪ˵ĴͷԼϾҪ߶°ѧˣúüѧϰҪ롣ǰŽţļһѡ
Ĵ½˵
Ա˵ʱ˵˵Ҳôġ
ɵ˵Ǹŷ
췢飬ǲòϡ½ȷʵ
Ҳలοš
ѽ賿ʲôϵأ㲻εġ
ԣϲĴ
ѽֻԺбŮϲ㣬ҪϾܾӴ
ϲǵŮĶ࣡
ŵһӣæ˵ɱϲң˭ϲңҾ˭ߣ
˵꣬˶٣ǰ˾䣺ó⡣
㣡ûϲ㣿ΰɣͯǲŭ󺰣ֻԼոյİοι˹
һФõ
ǣ̫ࡣ½Į
СӣͯԺЦ
¶һɵЦͷκѹȴɢ˴롣
Ȼؼˣһڵķӳȥ
ͯԺ⿴ıӰЦ˳ٿǰûڶԷϿһ˿ߡ͡˼ˡǰǶû˼
ͯԺЦԽá
ԼôɰŮʲôˣڼһӱȽϺã
Ȼͯǲһ뷨ǰߴߴ
ɲҪѽʮǰöҪ̸
ŶʮǲǶʮǰ

ǰͯǲߴߴͯԺżҲӦ䣬ʼεؿб½룬ı󡭡
ͯҴŵʱͷһۡ
Ѿˣһ·ϣе·ţһ·ϵƻͨǰ·
̤ͯңֺǰÿһζһˡ
ʫͮ뿪ˣͯҲ˺
ͯǰǷݲõļ䣬ȫĨȥǰĲǰ·Ҳڻ١
žŵǰ¶Цݡ
-
걡½ͯҹ꣬ԭǰͻȥΪˣǰͯԺô׼ˡ
½룬ͬˡ
ǰͯҺǰһˣεҲͲôǰ᲻ͯί
ͯԺҲλܻסǰĸףͯǲȻӲǰҲʵ⡣

½ţι󣬰Ҳͬ
ǰҲԽԽˣԺ󶼻ԽԽõġ
½¹꣬ǰֱϲ
ÿһ뵽½һڱҹ꣬˶ֻ֣һ˹¹µĿھۡ
Σ½Ըͯҹ꣬˰ˣ
Ժͱ½һ꣬ҲǷǳ˵ġ
½ͯǲ˶ǸͯԺһϰڸѧĶѧĲˣҪҲԼϰʦܷӵѾǰ
ǰҲûȥϿΣĽȱͿ죬°ѧҪѧϰĿγ̣ѾǰԤϰòˡ
ÿ춼ڴǰ棬ǰ飬Կ飬ǳ
ͯǲã½˲ʹ죬ʵҲ˺ô
˵
ܺǰһǰ棬Կ顣
Ҳܻѯʣ̽⣬ùϵ
ҲкͯǲƵĵط
½治ˣ
ͯǲ
ǰˡԷһЩ
ͯԺѾϰȥˣҲ³ȥһˣڳ緹ľֻб½ͯǲ
ǰûʱ򣬱½ſӳԷԵ÷ǳ˳
ˣš
ȻѾĲˣԳԷһҲûС
Ȼǰ֮һԼֳԷ̼ʵ磡ôֳԷأҪǳ˿ô죡
½뿴˵ֲüвˡ
ͯǲί
뷴½롪ѾֳԷѾûˣõҲǳ˳ﰡ
ǰȴ£½һֻӣǴ𣺡磬ӳ԰ɣҸвˡ
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ͯǲ̲ס˵ѾԳԷˡ㲻Ҫƭˣ
ǻҪǰڻ˾䣬Ų½Աš
ͯǲ棬ˡ
磬Ե
ţǸ
ҲԵ㣬䵰ʡ
ҲԵ㡣
ء

ͯǲա
׸磡
½ǸĻ
-
ʮһʱ򣬰һżУһֻϴϲ
ǲǳɼˣ
˴ǰ鱾ƿߣͯǲ˵裡ҿô
꼶ʮЦݲá
ͯǲһϲ˵ڶʮˣ´οԣҿ϶ܹǰʮ
е꼶ǰʮѾȥȥѧУˡ
Ҫ͡˵ţ߿ǰ¶һдֺõЦݣλ꼶һ
ǰԣҲ¶һЦݣлл
ǶԴϢİ˵ģԷԣ΢΢һ
ǰѾվȥֻٷ֡
עķ
ҲȥͯǲҲվ
˺ܿˣͯǲϵЦݸԣ692οԵѶ˵Ǻ͸߿࣬ȵ߿ʱҿ϶߰ٷˣ
ǰλ£ͯǲʣٷ֣
Ȼ֪ǰ϶úãѾʵˣֻɺ档
ǰ΢΢732
Ҳܸˣ˵ѧڵŬûа׷ѣҲ·ͣҲܿѧ
Ŀ꣬һ
ҿţƣãͯǲĴָ
Աߣ½Ҳ¶ЦݣдŹ
ˣͯǲأ㿼Σ
ôò
ǰͯǲһۣ½룬᣺磬ǳɼ𣿡
Ͼͳˡ½ظ
ٷ֣ͯǲҪ׷⡣
½ƿһۣ漴˵739
ͯǲ
ͻȻԼȡ裡
ҲͻȻԼ߰ٷֵĳɼίʵˣ
ͯǲ룬ĳɼȥ߱ˡǿġ
Żᰤ
ʵϣǿѽ
ͯǲҧгݣţһѧڣҿ϶׷ϵģ
߷ߵ£ոձµıʣٴη鱾
ǲúܲˣϦʱ㷢𡣡˶٣Сؿǰ½Ҳ÷ǳãϦʱн𣡰Ե輦⣿
ǰûоܾòضЦЦлл衣
ǽ衱ҲǶò˿ûƢ
ɰܵý
Ϊ֪ܹǱˡ
ǰѾ˷׽˷롣
òףȴ׽ĸŮദģʽ
Цݿɬ
漴εת뿪ȥ
ͯǲ˿ıӰСǰ˵Ǹ㲻ԸԭдҲǱɱΣҪٸһ᣿


89 ͽ
ͯǲ˵⻰ʱ, ˵ģҲЩ顣
Ͼ
ȥȷʵ̫άʫͮˡ
ʫͮû⣬ĸŮܻ, ƫƫʫͮҪ˺ˡ
ͯǲ֪дҲⰲ˵ģɰĸѽ, ʼջϣĸŮˣҲܺúõġ
Ļأǰ΢΢һȴû˵
ͯǲȰ½뵭һдľԱߣͯǲ, дˡ
дһľӡ
ʱͯǲкüûд
ͯǲ
ûдͺúдҪϹ͡
½δ֮ͯǲ, ̾, ͷţ׷㣡
ˣҲһĸŮɡ
ֱ, Ҫǻһעͻ˺һ
½ͯǲ, ŽƵǰ, ᣺в𣿡
ǰ̻ع, עѧϰ, Ƕ, ط, 㿴, 𣿽
˵
-
ĳһ죬֪ͯԺ԰˵ʲôԴǰ̬ȱˡ
һĹĺչˣȴǰһֿ⡢Сǰ
ǰ΢˿
˵Ѿⲻиˣÿ⡢Сʱ̶ţǺѹ
ǰ֪ԼŻǱͯǰļӰˣԲŻ԰
ЩоѾǿģû취˵һԭµĻ
°ڶٺá
룬עͨĸŮһˣǾͿͿģҲͲġ
ٱͲʱһξ͵˴ڡ
ð˺ܶͯԺҲæ׼
걡½ߣͯҴô˰һֵꡣ
ʮ죬һŵƽʣĺۼǰ˼ɫ޷޷ɫ׺ŰױߺͰɫë
ĵžµС쳣ÿ
ѩžʱʱСֵ
ͯİǶŻȥˣЩԵľֻԼŪ
ͯĿ˼ϱ½룬ϳˡ
ÿǼҳҪȻվôˡ
һ߳ϣһߺԺ⣡أ
ѽϴˣͯԺ⾪һæŰ⣬ϴˡ
½֣һ齪ݹȥϴˡ
лл½룡
ͯǲզզźҲ̫˰ɣгĺú񡣡
ûкã𣿡ǰһۣҰɡ
ͯǲõԱߣҿеô
ȵǰ֮ȵ˵ף㾹Ȼеôã
Ϊһǰ
ͯǲ죺Ҳܰæϴ˵ĺ𣿲һæҲﲻϣ
˶ûϴøɾ
ͯǰҲ磡ҪûûС
ͯǲ߳ŭ𣿡
˭߳ŭں㽲
һԣһ
½ʼմεЦݣϴʳġ
ȷʵ֡
֣á
-
֣ûѽҪʼͯǲ
ͯԺŽ˳ЦȰҳĽӺòóԣ
ǰӣҧһ֮۾һóԣ϶Ǹڶ
æһָ½һ磡ҲóԣǼеζ
ǰûз֣ȻԵ˵ˡеζ֡
һ˾ۻ֪һ˵ļ䣬ȴû취ӵкǸһζܡ
ϤζôܳԵĳ
½¶Цݣûж룬ֱ죬һڳ¡
ѽҲ̣ǰԲ۾
ͯǲ죺ҲҪԣ
ԼУǰһۣû
ԼԾԼԡͯǲ൱˱½һּۣһӣ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǰֵܣԵǾ²ڵģ²ڵģԼڶɣ
ĳЩ˿½ڣǰԱߴţǲԸµһڡ
ԣͯǲסϼŵİֻӣҲǣҲǡ
ǰֻּ㹽ڵĽӣιȥ㳢㹽ģǾ²ڽӺóԶˣ
Ѿιߣһڳ¡
ǰó𣿡
ͯǲԻǰιӴ̼ţûԣʶ˵óԡ
ͯԺЦ
ͯǲع΢΢졣
ġ
ȻСĳϱ½ĺóˣ
ͯǰ̫թˣ
½ȫ̴ЦǣǰΪҲֹ꣬ܺãһ춼Цģˣ½ͯ˾͸ˡ
ڣ껹ûʼѾԤʾϲˡ
µ˹ÿǰŵõ͵žƺţ̡
ͯԺͰǰǾƣǰǰţ̡
ͯǲ̲סֹҲȾơ
㻹ǸʲôƣʱǴѧˣʱſԺһ㡣ͯԺԥ˵
ǹŰļҳͯǲͻڳ壬ȾƲá
ͯǲҲǿˣϾ½ǰŵҲţ̡
̲סͱ½Աȡ
ͯԺƱͬȥһǹŴȰЦݣһ귢˺ܶ飬кõģҲвõġ½õ˹ʰƥ˾Ľ𽱣ǲĳɼҲȡ˺ܴĽɵһȥЩõľͶڹȥЩõľ״̬Ҫǵôµһ꣡ףµһ彡ѧҵгɣ
ۿǰľƱںһڣһ꣬Ǳܴһ꣬Щ飬Լһơ

ԼһϣȥһʶԼɵҲʶԲԼӣǰһֱǵãҲʱʱ̿ԼٷͬĴµһ꣬ᡢŬһ裬Ŭֲҵĺǣ
˵棬ЩʣһֱǰΡ
ǰ߿ϹŵĻ
ͯԺ̾ȴû˵ʲô
ͯǲæţ̣˵˵ȣȥһ꣬ҷǳŬɼҲܴǰδеŬһıʣֵÿ϶ġ
ôԼͯԺû
ʵʵ˵ͯǲüţȻҺͰԼ½뻹вģǻһѧڣڸ߿֮ǰһŬȡ׷ǣ
ǰţ̣ȿͯǲһᱣּŬƣҪ׷ңǲӴ
ͯǲ
ǰЦȥһǷ˺ܶ飬ȥ˾͹ȥˣµһ꣬ϣ念ϣǲ͸߿ȡüѼ
ͯǲʲôǲûûСģи磡
ߣҲŲУ̫ˣǰһƿߡ
ͯ˽½룬ǰҲ
½ϳɣһȣȻҿЩ˼һҲѧǣڵضţ̣šϣǰ彡ƽϲ֡
еԸֻһǰ
ǰһۣۿЩʪ󣬵Ǹ߸
ɱ
һ
Ǿӭ£ȥջȥδҲһ١
ΨŬܲػ
֣
-
û죬ͯԺ⿪ʼϰ࣬½M׼ʼϿΡ
ͯǲҲʼˣ߿ֻһٶʮ죬еĸѧǣһҲи
ǰҲûиһڼ濴飬һϰͼ
ǰ֪߿ǧս˳˰ܡ
ǰҪġɡ״Ԫ
Ѷжǰǳ
֪ϣССҲϣϣ˵ˡҲûϡ
ҲҪŬҲҪȫԸ
ǰ֪ʵ˵⻰ˣǰûϡ
Уʵҡ
治˵Լͽܣ㿴Լֱһ˼ֻоˣѧУһΡ
ͷҲֻ̧³֣鷳
У˵һокЩӣҪǲϲʿом츳رõıͷҾǶʵңһ㣬Ҳʲôǰﵽͺˡ
Ҫ
Ҫͽܵİɣ
̧ͷһۣͽ·ˣ
У˵ɶ


90 и
һ, Զ˵ˣдŲš
򾢻ͽܣ
ôûرעĸѧ
ҡб򾢿ϵѧ
Уôš
Ȼû˵
У׷ʣ˭ѧоԱϴΰĿоԱ𣿿ûĸر˼̰
򾢻û˵
У˵ѣ񻪣
ѽ㷳һҪʵ, ң򾢲ͷٹһͼˣ
˵, ͷʵ飬ٲУ
УվԭأС
һࣿ
Ϊʲôһࣿ
ͽˣǡŪ
뵽УôӵۣС, ȻΪ˶ѧʼһͽܡˣ
̫ˣ
ٸһ࣡һԺ, ʲôڿ, ʱһҪѺˡ
˵֮ĺӣомģ츳Ҳм츳رߵ, ʱû֡
У뵽ȥĹƥ˾ѧǶ, ûһǾѧġ
ѾͱѧУԤ, ˡ, ǽб½ͯǰ, Ҫ, ϧûб, ׼߿
ͯǰ껹ڸ߶, أǸʲô½ģ˵רҵ
ţǱ½ǸСţڵŶôԵ𣿣
һߺ˼ţһ뿪򾢵ʵҡ
-
ЩԶCеǰ֪ģ½뿪ҲʼæµѧϰС
Ȼᣬȴҧš
Ǿ仰Ϊ˸õ
ǻ٣ҪΪδչȭţһʱ
ʮǰǸ߶ҲʽѧˣѾһʱˣѧУնܽš
ѧһһҪ׼Ͽˡ
ͯǰǰؽҵʱ򣬱˽ס
ŤͷһһʶˣмϤ֪Ķţͬѧʲô𣿡
ŮǴӸڰģȻǶġ
ԣŮǳ˳ʵҾʣʫͮôѧأһֱû˵ôѧͻȻûȻҾ˵ѧˣ
ţѧˡǰӦ˾䡣
֪˻׷ʡ
ǰҲ֪޹أ㻹бûˣҾͻؽˡ
ƽ˵ꡣ
ʫͮѾߵȥֻгԹûи飬αҪȥΪʲôأ
һ̾ü㲻ô᲻֪أ
Ҳ֪ǰݾܾǿһΡ
Ůǳˣ˵˵Ͳ˵
˵꣬תͻ˶ҡ
ǰûκα仯̧һĽҡ
֮󣬳Ůô䣬֮Ҳûʹ˽´Ĺ֮Ҳᵽʫͮ֡
һ໹Ƕ࣬ҪץʱѧϰʱѧҪеĸ֪ʶѧ꣬Ǹϰ꣬ѧڿʼʱͷǳš
ʦǵĿУҲᵽ߿֡
ʫͮҳʼ֮Ҳûʲôᵽˣ˶١
꼶ŮǳвĿĽ㡣
ɵ˭ûôҪǰʫͮͨͨÿˡ
ʫͮǰġλǰ˳ݣԭᵽŮ뵽ʫͮᵽŮ뵽ǰҲǰѹΪĿĽ㡣
ЩʵģĽģҪסģ޷Լ١
ˣԶûôҪ
Ϣˣҵλˣ߶ѧ껹û꣬Ѿ˻ˡ

׷ҪסĶҲˡ
ǰЩ̾ٿǰ鱾ʱ򣬸ϲ
֪ʶǲģѧģԼģԼδ֮Լδש
ǰ¶ЦݣԽ档
-
ǰѧڻһ²ŽĩҲû١
½ͯǲȻˣȴҪ߿ˡ
ʮ࣬졣
ߺţ°˺ţԤ˵硣
û߿֮ǰͯҾͿʼæµһ£ǰļͥλҪͯǲߵġ
ڸ߿֮ǰȫҶΪͯǲõ
ѿյ¶ȵһ㣬ǧҪðˡкһš
߿ǰżڼҵͯǲһ裬ôźһţҶŽˣ
У費šӦˣ漴˵ǲҪҪټӼ·ǧҪðˣ
ͯǲ
ǰЦ
ͯǲŤͷЦƨֵˡ
ǲҲǰü
ͯǲһ漴ݸ·ϣ־ȣ£ǶҲһѰģ
Űǰѹ
Žأͯǲôܽţͯǲüǳŭ
õζŨ
ǰ̲ס¶Цݣ룬óֻ½뷢˸Ϣ
æ𣿡
ոշȥһӣƵ绰ˡ
ǰ̽ˣžµĻϡ
ԱߣͯǲըëֺƵ
ֹһ䣺׸ԱߣȻȥıˣ
ǰûдֻ˵磬𣿡
š½ҡҡͷ
ǰϸȷʵûͯǲָУȻĲš
ǣ˵ͯǲţ˵˵£ĺ̬ݸ
ޣ˵ˣҲţͯǰ㲻ҪϹ˵ͯǲԴչһ
ǶĻģȻҪ½šš
ʵϣǽš
û߿֮ǰµflag̫ˣʲôҪǰðʲôҪõĽڴѧʲôҪΪпõһΡ
µͷ´ͽˡ
飬ôǰͱ½ǰϣ
Ƿǳûӣ
½Цŵ٩ŰɣǲЦ㡣
ǰ͵Цѽžͽ£ĲЦ㡣
˵šЦ㡱ʵϣϷǳ׵ֱдšЦ㡱
ȻͯǲȻزˣɳ
Ĳˣͯǲһһú÷ӣȻ󿼳һǰδеĺóɼ
½룺Ŷ
㲻˵ʲôͯǲʡ
˵ʲô½üҲҡ
ͯǲա
ͺͱ½볳ͯǲ˵ü仰½ŻӦһ䣬һ仰ֱӱ㽫ͯǲ»ȥˡ
š
ǰһֱֻʱʱЦ
ԶԶǣ¶Цݣ֪ǰʵڰͯǲš˿ͱ½롰ܡȻǵıѹҲй
ҡҡͷЦŽ˳
ŵٳͯǲǰֻȥţúڹɣĺӿԳԺúȺá
-
ͯǲͱ½볳棬ͯǲУˡ
ߺ󣬾ֻʣǰͱ½Ƶ
Ƶͷı½룬ǰɫЩ磬סѧУ𣿻᲻Ӱ졭
½ҡҡͷǹɵЦݣǰܹһЩ˵κӰģҲһ᲻Բ˯šҪ߿ˣǰÿǵ㣬Ҳû˵ӰˡʳҲԵرãܶܲĲˣǸʳð̶ҪЩˡ
ǰԣͻȻЦˣ磬㲻߿ʳðҲǶ˵ģ
½һ㶣漴ҲЦ˳
ǵǳЦ˴Ц
磬߿ʱ򡭡ոտͷ
½֪̾Ҫ˵ʲôˣ˵ã㲻Ҫ㿼ǲǱġߣ˲㣬һᵣġ
ǰĬˣ漴Ҳͷ
ҲΪҲֻһ¡
ǰ֪ȥ㿼Ļ½һûȵMسҲûʶˣ᲻᲻ȫȵȡ
ǻĵġ
CУͯԺͰ½ܰĿԡ
ǰ֪ģҲ֪չ˺ԼǸ˴æ
磬úϢҾͲ绰ˣҪúóԷúϢǰ
½ȴ˵Ҫġ
мί
ǰһ㶡
½˵ҲҪ绰ҲŻж
ҪǰҪǰ
ǰգգ۾
룬߿֮ǰ绰᲻Ӱԣ
Ȼᣡ
ֻӳȡ
ǲ绰ǣҶǣ
ǰʱ¶һõЦݣǳɣ컹绰
½ոµЦ
˸ĻȴֺǸ˾ߣһƬů
-
գȻͬԤ壬ġ
׼֤û
ǲ
2BǦʲôĶװ˰ɣ
ˣ͸ľߴҼһ¡
ǲ

ͯһҡ
Ҳڣֵܸ߿ҲҪȥ㿼
ͯǲǳΪ⣬ݺһ£ĵûġ
ȥ㿼ĿĵΪֵܻΪ˺ֵܵã˶֪
ͯżͯǲԼ侲ˡ
ĵڣ˸߿ʱôĽˡ
šȻľܹ侲Ͽ
Ķȷ©ͯԺŴŴǰ
עһ˶ŵӡ
Ժܶ˵ҪԲԶ
Ϊ޺ˣ·Ҳûжţ˳˳͵˾ЩͣҪڶ³Ǿûпˡ
Ӱ쿼ӾͲܹȥ
ǰԶԶʱ򣬾ͷǱѾ˺ǱҳǶ档
ǰǸոյ棬ͬȻƼҸĸ
ⲻǰһμƼҸĸԶԶ¶Цݣ壬ư̡
ԶԶǰҲ۾һ
ȻÿȫĸģǰҲǺ֪ʵȻиǰͬһãֻոþͲ뿪ˡ
ҲˣƼһˣرϲǰ
һ𣬱һߣҲûйຮѣҪĻǿҳĽʲôģʧҲ⡣
ѾвټҳˣǸϽռһµĺλá
ԶԶģһλֺʦǣֱӳ˳
ֵǰô᲻
ͯǲȻǰΡ
ǰƽʱҲһ࣬쵹ǲˣϴЦݣֻǰܹ۵׵Ľš
һ죬вѧңʦҲҵġ
ңദôиģʦϣѧǶõġ
ʦ֮ѹûͯԺԼȻĸкĻᣬ׼Ȼͯǲһž
׼֤û
2BǦʣֱߣԱǲ0.5mmģûдõıʣ
е嵥Ƕ׼˰ɣ
ûгİɣ

ϰ࣬İɣ׵ģͯǲ˻ԼϵĴӡ
ȻҲͷóӡ
λǲģԼˣųһͺã
ǧҪͿҪϸ飬ʱǵúһ֧޽Һһ˺ü䣬˵ǺúÿԣƽȷӾˣţ
˵صͷ
ǰ롪ǶŰɡ
ν֮ȥѧˡ
Ȼǽϣ߿״Ԫģһַ˺ЩѧУΣȫǶǡҪš
ͯԺˣ˵ǽɣȣԽԽš
ҪЩʦǲģһһȻһǧҪšʵϣЩʦԼ˭š
ҲСӦˡ
úÿԣͣͯԺһһ¼
ȻĸаҲĶ
һֹһЦúÿԣð
ͯǲһü
Ȼֻǵ΢ЦҡҡͷЩΡ
Ҳͬûеĳȡ
͸ʴߣǱӰ޳Ųᶨ
ǰͻȻһ˳
Ȼ磡ͣ
磡úÿԣҶˣ
Ҳ˼ȻǶˡ
ȻЦŻͷ˵ͷ
ͯǲȴסֱȻײײ͵ػع
Ӳػͷŵؿǰ
ΣNNN˻Ͱͣ㡢ոա
硣ǰЦݡ
ͯǲһֺܱߵһֽǰոսҸˣ
ͯǲǰ
ͯǲЦٺһ
磡
ٺһ
磡
ٺһ
硪
ͯǲЦɵӣڽ˱ɿתܣһһ߻ͷ
ãҵţ糬ӣ㿼㽾ĳɼ


91 
ͯǲŹ, ۾̵Ӣ˧ڹ£⻹ҫۡ
Ц, ˿ʲô˵ġ
һ꣬κ
ǰ̲סЦ˳ɵӣ
ͯԺڴ֮ҲЦ۾
Ȼǰӻ, ׷˷ܵͯǲܹȥ
, ڽˣư˳ʲôӡͯԺǰԴ, һȰ
ҲȰЦ, ܿ죬ǵЦֿɬ
Ѿǲˡ
أ
֪᲻½
ǰЩ˼صͷ, Ҳ֪Լôг, һ, ˵, Ϳá
, ȻȻͽ˳
Ǹ, УֻǸող˳ƽгһ㡣
ͯǲȻɵ, Ȼ, Ȼû
, 
һĸ磬û˹涨ͱҪͬ½ǰ΢, , Ը
, 硣
ǰ΢΢
-
뿼֮ͯǲһҲˣ෴ǳ˷ܣǰδеĻԾͼ
ͯǲ룬ڸӣӦܹǰδеĺá
ǰ꼶һ𽱣иҰ磬Ҳ꼶һ𽱡
Բ̫ˣ򡭡Ҫöˣ
ͯǲٴһ³۾ϣȵ֮ٴƽ侲⡣
˼·ǰδе
⡣
㿼ļҳֲͣڴſڣҲˣ˵ļҳֻ̫´ɡš
ǰıȽ磬µĻ̳š
ãȵţζģЦ⣬˳
ǰ̧ͷոȻǽȥ֮ǾʧֻΪȥ䣬û뵽Ȼȥˡ
ȣͷ󺹣Цۡ
ǰΣôôȥ
ΪԲѽǰԱ£ǰԱŲһ㣬λ΢һЩ
Ǹÿ˶һȻ費ȣȥͯǲȻİΡ
ǰϵٱģرʺȣȻǻ
ǼȻǺãҪģǼǲֱ˲ٲģɵúܡ˿ҡҡͷһΡ
ǼǲиǼȻʱҪҡҲΣ˵߿ǰǼһһŮ̫ҸˣǼҰ͵Ǽȥ
ǲɡͯԺˣ̲廰ǲ͵ȥС
ҼѾиСˣŲҪСӣֻҪưְܾ̾
ͯԺ̧̧°ͣǼҰԹɣ˭͵ߣ
˵䣬ǣʾζǳԡ
ǣӡ
ưְֺЦҲ¶Цݡ
ͯԺǿΣһ߿ţǶúǰ˵Ҳνͷ
һߺһעžԼߵǰ㼫ˡ
ƫͷʱ򣬻ŵϵϴˮζܺš
գҲԵòôѰˡ
Ҫȥ䣬Ҫһ𣿡ʡ
Цŵͷվãһȥ
˽뿪ˣͯԺưְһûһ˵Żǰ۾ʵգԱߣؿ
һƬá
ǱߣͰŸոԶʣͰôˣôо֮䡭ղ̫ԣ
¶ɬЦݣ趼Ѿע⵽֮ΧԣɼȷʵҪԶˡ
ҲЦҵĴ֮ǰЦݿɬؽ֮ǰ˵˳
ȵ˵ָ̧֣꣬ͷ˴Ϳ
Ҳ֪ҺͿʱɵȻôǸֶŮ˳ǣѿ
ȴҡҡͷ˵ֻһĴȴûз֣
һ㶣裬
ʱ򽫰СŪҾͲ˵ˣжɵǸ˶óŮҲþûˣ֪ģҺֻҽԺһֱȣֱȷʵȷʵû취ˣһҹ֮󣬺úðˡ˵ۿˡ
ҧŴҲ۾
۾Ϊ뵽˵΢ϸһЩҪŮǡںӵķϣϵһ²Ժ⣬һᱻһģ
ǡڻҰ
˵УȻѾֻ֪Ǳˣ²֪ҲӦȥҸסڰķ䣬ܰܵһдҪǵû飬ʫͮôᱻҰģôܣ
ס
УŮӦöһЩȻ㵱ʫͮõģӦ˵ĻٲҪҪôվĶ氡ֱˣ˵ĻŮʫͮǰʱӦûŰŶԣ
뵽ǰ㱻ɱˣ뵽ʫͮͯԭҪǰļıʵǲҪǲҪѽҼҾҪһŮұ֤ί
ʵ㡢˵ʲôأҶԲ𰲰һҪҪúֲء
ֲ֪㻹޿ɾҩ赽׺Ͱʶ꣬̾һӻѾסˣֻҪʼȥůҲһữ
ţصͷ
̧֣ɾᡣ
ԭıСҪࡣ
-
˻ʱ򣬰۾Щ죬Ҷע⵽ˡͯԺû˵ʲôưְֿ˿裬ԷҡҡͷҲʲôû˵
ǰ˵ʲôָֻ֮ǰʲôûз
ǰԶ롪
½Ҳڴɣ
ǰݲȵ꣬Ǹ߿ĿϣӦҲ侲ǵİɣ
½룿ԱߣͯԺʡ
ǰͷ
ͯԺ¶ЦݣǰԴ˵ȥ½ɣǲ磬½Ҳ磬һһ죬úʡûеԣ־Ը־Ըȵɼٻȥ
ǰ۾һȴܿ˵Ǹ硭
˵ͯǲ
һ磬ˣҪʵӰǲ߰ɣ˽˷ɻֱӵMءȵǲʱ򣬾㷢ˣ뵽һ磬ǻܸ˵ġͯԺЦ˵
ѾŵúˣǰҲͲƾˣһ˫۾жؿлл֡
֣лʲôͯԺΡ
-
ͯǲʱüɫ裬һóģһţɼηӵȷʵ
ȻһƵᣬĶģ˽˶֪
ò
ٽһͯǲǰ
У
и͸ƵģҴûĴдôã绹ҪѧٸҼӵͣͯǲ
ǰ硣
ЦǸɵӡ
ǰҲûסЦ
-
ǰһֱڶ罫ͯǲ뿼ȥɻMء
ͯԺ̫˽ˣǰǱ½룬Ƕϣ
߳ʱܹԷ
ǰЩż¸ϲϡ
ڸ߿ǰһ̣ϵ档
˲˼ڴ
վŵļҳҲ٣˼ˣǰȥҲֻԶԶվΧ
һһĸ߿ʽ
㿼ļҳǶʱȺӿȴſ߳
ǰԱҲһɧ˺ڰڻ
Ǵɫõ廨
ͰǰԱ߲Զգ۾һãȻؿš
Щֵֹڸ
ŵһųǰԱЩֹ֡Ҳѻںˣ
½룬ϲ㣡
ǰ
Ⱥ߳ǰı½룬ҲʹһƵĺɫ档
ֻ˿Ǻõ塣
½뿴Աߵġǰ
ԶԶȥǰվںԱߣȿǰֿ˺
½Ŀһһ˲䣬ͣ͡


92 ʶ
գ۾, ֻǻþԼһգ۾ǸӰʧˡ
½, ϲ㡣
߸ǱǰŴŴ˳ϻԺУһһҲûˡ
ֻ
߿ıױһ˲, ܶ˶ڿϡ, 㿼, ǸոճĿ, ָָ㿴ţвóֻ
½뻹ԶԶվ, ǰԼȺֹ֡˵塪
ͣˣ
ѽ, 񿴹, ǲ𾪣
ôûжˣ½벻һԱ׵˶ûӦͣ, ǲϣˣ
, ô˵Ǳŵˣ
⵹п, ǳ
˵ûôЦҲûô
˵ú㾭Ƶģ
»ع, ϶ֱת, ǡ

ǰλվںǰŮ˵֪϶ɹ, ҿ϶Ҫ֪Ҿϲˣϲ˵
Ȼ򡰱½ס£ͬߵȺ, ൱õġ
ɼ½ƽյ¡
ԶǸͨ׳Ҳҫ, ǰ, дҲһɣ
ȻͯǲڶвǸĿ
˵ǲ˵Ц͵꣬ôɫġ
һѾ㹻ˣƫƫǰ㣬ϲһ𽱡ѧУδй˳ڵꡣ
֪еǶô˳ݡ
ǰ뵽ոտǳ˶Ťͷɼѧ֪Ĵڡ
пѧǵӰ
˼ҵĺ㵽ˡ
ϲŮǻҲǳǳ࣬ڴҶͬһʧϰΪ
һУЩѧǣһꡣ
ûܹ
ǰ룬ڵı½뻹ϵľܾЩϲˣųأ
Ժ󡭡
ǲߣͻһŮӣ
ǸŮ㣬ǸŮӺǳ䣬ǸŮӡռȫߡ
ǰ뵽˴
ͻȻãۣЩᡣ
˼ңԶ½̧ţ󲽹ŲЩ٣һͬҴææĿУۡ
ԱߣǼѧʱ
ˣ
ҵѽȻĹˣǺ׵ˣ𣿣
죬̫ˣ
໣ˣϷϷ
׼װ

Ǹ׵Ůѣ΢΢ϣŲʶǰ
Թ۵ֻǡţ·Ҳż
󣬱½߽ȴǳλ׵ŮǡԱߵǰ
ǰű½߹ոտڣͱӵһС
ϤζϤ¶ȡ
Էˡǳԡ
ȣȴûζֻеϴ·ζǰһֱϤζ
Աļ˾ˣѻȸ
һʱ֮䣬ЩϢ
Χ۵ȺȴǷ
Ŷ
ǰסͱ½ӵ֪ٴˣɴδй㡭㲻һ
ԱߣǼѧڻعֹ
½Ůˣ
Ҹովע⵽ˣÿģ
ѽôǰû˵أ
Ҳǵһμ
Ǹ𣿡

λ׵Ůۿһ죬أʲôףϽߣ
һ߿޻һ˵֪䵭׷Ҫһ£¸ң֪ŮѻǳȥͣǾǼ
ǣһ̾ͱõ塢ź֮ͬǰҴҶһ㣬ֶҴ뿪
ȺУмҳ½ǰйŰֹһ䡪
ͥ§§˷绯ѿҳѧϰȻúѧϰ̸
־ǧҪѧ
ǳ
ȻԱߵĶĿڣ֣ѧϰı½룬һһġ

-
ԱǼ˵ʱ򣬱½֪ˡ
ס˵һʲôܣͺѾƮȴͻȻžડһڵϣʧܡ
ĸܺʲô
½벻òϡԼһֱŲұ¶ܡ
ѾʶˣԲʶԼ֪
һȻȻɿ˵ôˣ̫ˡ
Ϊոյӵ˽͡
ͺǰȴܾʲôԡ
벻ĶԣԼֱ߳½϶Ҳȥرס
ԡûʲô԰ɣ
ǰڰͷ˦˼¶Цݣεǡˡ
ɣʡ¡½ƽ˵
ǰȴͻȻͶˣ߿Щ˾ϺܿҲһ档
ҲˣʲôźҪ˵Ļǻ˵
½Ҫյĸװɣ
ǺðɣҾΪ㵲һǰ¶Цݡ
½ҲЦЦ̧֣ķ
񵽵׺֮ǰЩ΢һˡ
ˣǲǻаţܲߣǰƫƫͷ
ţаţߡ룬½ȴȥ̲꣬Ҿ㣬ЩҪʰҲҪʦǸ𡣡
ѽżģҿԾסߣ㲻Ҫżúõ𣬺ЩԺ󶼼ˣϵʽĻҪġǰ
ǵı½ԸһѶύô㡱ҵˡ
ã֪ˡ½һΣȴ
ǰ͵̲꣬пյһ£û׼ȱģֶ䣬뿪
ʱ̲꣬ûʲôˡ
ǰһֱŵһСʼǱûд򿪿óֻ
ոտ꣬Ͽ϶˵θ߿Ѷȵġ
ǰոûʱ½룬ϾŸոտ꣬һ¡
Ǻġ
ⲻ򵥣Ҳرѣͨһ꣬ɶڿԣҲڲͬһꡣ
ϣöѧûãԼġ
ǰεҡҡͷŬֺڣûá
ָţ漴΢΢һ١
Ȼͱ½Ƭ
Ǹոĵģüͼ֡ոո߿ڵСŵô
ɫŸĿͼƬ棬½¶ˣʵǹڳڣڲ˶ۡ
Үϰˣ
СҲ̫ˣϧСԴСˣ
ҲǳƯġ
źף̾ΪֹڵСѰ
С˰ɣҵ϶ˡ
Ұպȥٶһ£Ǻܿͻ֪λĳɼ
ٶȻˣڵСѡţơ
ƥ˾һȽԭҼǵȥһ̾һ£һһŮررÿ
ǱסСŮ˰ô

ܶ˶˵½Ҳ˵ġŮѡͦõģô֪ԤŹɣҲţơ
ǰʼʱüģɿ롪
磬ȷʵͦõġ
ģܿͱԺֻҲʼ顣
Щ档
ʲôŮѡŮѡģ˺ʶôȥ۰Ͱͽ˵ǲŮأ
ǰͱ½ߵ죬ǹϵʵǶȥˡ
ûʲôý͵ġ
ͷ濴顣
-
½ûõȣһϻһӡ
ҪģеĶ
д󲿷ֻ鼮
ǰϽְã½ûоܾӵݸˡ
һ򳵵ĵطȥ
磬㲻پһ𣿡
ˣɼ֮ٻһˡ
Ŷ
ǰ𣿡

ȥԵ㶫ߡ
㶼Ҷ
½Ц
ǰƫͷյ̫ɽƵϦǵϡ
۾磬ѧϵ
ţԡ
ңҾȥˣ
ãҵ㡣
ӰϦ£įͳĺȴ˵УҲõķ羰
һһһ䣬һŴӣǰһܰĽţӰʱһ
У½ʱʽ
ѾȻУˡ
-
صCеʱѾˣǰǼϴ֮ϴȥϢͯǲûлȻǰ༶ľۻ֣һʱᶼزˡ
ǰڶ¥ʱͯǲû
ǲûǰʰ̡
Ц˵ûأ̫ˣ˵˯
Ŷǰͷߵ½Ա¡
Էݸţ̺ͼǰ¶һЦݣ˲˵ԣһĬ
Թ緹ǰҪ㱡½˵½ȥѧϰ
߿ǵĩҲԶˣǰѧϰǽʱ
ȵǰʱ򣬱½һ̨ʼǱôţԱߣͯǲſһ𾪡
ôˣǰͷ
½Ǹ̬ͯǲ̻ظ
ǰú˵Ҹʲô
ҾͲ磿ǰ㲻ǻһһе÷ǳ𣿣ŤͷͲˣͯǲԾըë˵⻰ʱ⿴ű½ġ
ǰ˸ۣû
ͯǲˣߺߵѾͷʵ̫
Ҫ˵û꣬ǰϣ硣
ͯǲ˵һĻ̿ס΢΢죬βӦ
ǰһ־ˣԹɳϣѿɵЦ
ʲôָ½ˡ
ͯǲŽӻ㲻֪̬ҽԣҲŷ֮ǰûеԣȴʹ
֪ԾȻеĹܣˡ
ؼ˻һһ߰ٶȡ
̫̬ˣ
ǰһۣ˵໰
ɡͯǲ䡣
ǰ߿½룬дź棺硭ôôõ԰
ͲôãܻɣһЩľͲ֪ˡ
ϾΪ˸߿ֻôãοǵԡ
֮ĩʱͻȥɡ½һ䣬䣬شǰʱָ档
ͯǲ˵Ǹ̬
ĸȥɲȥϷȻȥѧϰϢģ
ǰٴεһۣ漴˵Ƕʰһ°ɣҪ׼Էˣȥϴ֡
˵꣬ٹǣȥϴּ䡣
½ͷ󣬼ҳ棬Աߣͯǲý
ʱ˵ιոհҸ𣿡
ˡ
㡭ͯǲ졣
Ϊ½϶ǳԼߡ硱ƺ񵱳ÿμ½붼Ҫ
ǰб½롰硱ʱ뽫һ١
Ҳ˶٣½ͻȻ˵ұͲ׸硣
ͯǲɴ۾ϸɫ
û
ôо⻰Ųԣ
һôоѾ˵ͦƽģ
ͯǲʱЩ˼ˣĪ飬ӣǸϾǺͰһ𳤴ģҲ硣ǣص㡪Ҳ磬㲻ǰ԰ˣ
½ֶסôֹ̧ͣͷͯԺ⣬˵ȷʵ׸磬׸磬ԺҲռŸݵġ
ǳ档
ͯǲ㶣ǱߣѾкǳԷˡ
½ϵ飬վ׼ȥ
ͯǲϽ˵ιǸǰˣԺԺҲٶеˡ
һֱΪ½Ҫ԰硱أ
ԭԷȻôȣ
ȥԱ½Ŀ˳ۡʣԼֱ̫ˣ
ͯǲĪ顣
½ͷЩ֣Σǹ˹
ţҪǵ⻰
-
ǰѧϰͯǲű½ڶԴ𰸣ͯԺϰ࣬͡
ϣҪףһ£Ҳףر½ͯǲ߿
ϣͯԺıȽ磬ǰҲ¥
ѽѽҾȻˣûаյһ⣬һΪԭȻ˰ͯǲǳ
½ûʲôӦ
ͯԺЦʣοúܲ
ǵȻ϶Ҹ꣬õһˣͯǲЩЦ
ͯԺʣ½أ
ɡ˶٣½˵߰ٶʮû⣬ô۷֡
ͯǲЦȻֹ


93 
ͯǲӲŤͷ½, ǳ˳顣
ʲô߰ٶʮû⣿
˵˻𣿣
ͯǲҪ
ȻǰͯԺȴЦǰ˵Ҿ֪û⣡
ͯǲ
޺޵롪
ϧû취, ½ôһˣ㵽
ǳӣɲܳ½ġ
ͯǲһδβ֮󣬲òԼϵһʵ
ǰĸ, 綼ú, Ժͬһϴѧ, б˵
ֿ, Цÿġ
ǶúҲͷ, , ȥԷˣͯԺЦк
ǰǰŵţ, ½ͯǲǰžƱ
һӺü, ͯԺģ, Ц˵Ѿ, Ҳбҵˣʵһơ
˶, ͯԺֿɫǵ׻С, ׾ʲô, ͻǲҪˣơܲҲͱȣȻҲٺȡ
ͯǲ, ֱǱȾ¡
⡣ͯԺվ, ԸǽƵϡ
ղص, ǲûʲôǿܻᡭˡ
ǶûкȹƵˣ׺
ͯԺδû⿨ʹмˣ֪Ʋʲôö뷨
ǰҲһ㡣
գգ۾ͷǳɵӡ
ò˵ôȵͻȻȣǺ˾ȵģǰǰ磬˼ֱ޲Ķ͸
ͯԺԭ׼ֱӾܾģȡ쾹Ȼ˵ֻܺһ㡭
ǰһվNNN˱ܹԼǰ
ıӺͱ½롢ͯǲǵһ󣬵ͯԺ⻹۰Ͱ͵Уֻһ㡣
ǰٵɡ
Ⱥ˵ͯԺΡ
ǣǰڲ⣬ǰźƱҲװźơ
ͯԺ⣬ҲʼΪְֵĿס
ǣǰǶ߿Ҳͳˣ÷ȥɣҲ÷ˡͯԺƱ
ϧô˵ȴмį
ŸĸźǷɳȥȵҪˣ߷ɳǻŻûʱѽ
Сʱǳ󣬳־ûСʱá
Ҳһ
Ȼǰڻʹ˵Ľߣǻûνġ˵ķա
ǳҲĺӣҪ̫ˣҪȻ͸ȥУͱ½ҪľѧҪĵһڴѧھУѹ˾ȥԺ󰲰ҲҪھоģǻһ𡣡ͯǲЦ
ֻһ˵
ȻͯԺȴ±ӣüһ˼
ͯǲˣ֣㲻濼ǰɣ
ͯԺͷֵؿһۣȻҾͦõģʵ˾ͿǨȥˣֻҾ鷳뿪硭ǼȻԺ׼ھУǾͰң
Խ˵۾Խһӣͯǲļ򣺡Сӣڸ˸ˣ֮ǰôû뵽أ
ͯǲ
˶٣εУǮ⡣
ǰԲ۾
ͻȻŶǰԵܲá
ǣͯҪǨеľڽڷϣǳʵľ;ˡ
Ǽͯǲ⡣
½ȫ̶û˵ʲôֻǴһЦݣᵽСͦõġ
ԺͰûзֿĿˡ
ûˣһȥ֮󣬿ܾͲʱʼռǵļңﰲ̣ʱļ䣬С
˶ǰߵĴڣҪһңǸŵˡ
ǸңھС
ͬ𣿡ͯԺŤͷʰ
סͷͬͬ⣬Ҷûӵӣ
߿˿ǰѾҪֲߣôֲĿǷ
ǣͯԺЦžӣǾ͸ɱףǲ½߿ףһˣܼһ½ҲǼҵһӣԺǧҪǿ
š½ЦŶƱ
ǰҲЦţӣһ𣬶˻Ժһڡ
ȿȿȣǰ죬š
ͯ̾ͶˣȻи˸죬½뼸̾͵ǰһ߸ź󱳣һ߽ţ̵ݸ
ǰţ̣ںš
½żʵôˣǺ𣿡
ͯǲͻȻ۾ǣЩ֡
üͷ
ǰ㻺˹ڰ֣һôζ
ָźƣüСɰӡ

̶Ц½붼̿
ǻЦĺѺȣôôϲǰǳ
ǵһκȲϰߣǶϲζЦ˵ָǰ˱ţ̡
ллǰӹţ̣ˣǺȰɣǲˡ
½Ц˻ȥҲЦ˵
շǳá
һǰûס棬ֶһڡ
ס
ǻ
-
ƻǺ˵ģڴҶûжȣԹȹƣͯԺͰ͸ż˻ط˯ˡ
ǷҲ˷䡣
ǰֿ˻飬Ǻ˾ƵԭоЩģǺԴҲѣڴϡ
ۿۿۡš
ǰƿӣ˼·߹ȥš
ף磿ǰһ˫۾Ų졣
죬ջź죬ոմӴͷҲ㣬ǳɰ
½ûסСЦȵˮɣһκȾƣܲܡ
ŶǰãȻؽӹڡ
ˮ¶̧֣֮ͷ磬ҲǵһκȾƣҺȵö࣬ôûأ
ô֪û½ȴʡ
ǰ㶣ֻƽʱһѵԴű½仰
½ЦˣʵҲȷʵЩˡ
ֻȻ˯Խѣƽʱӣһ㲻ȫ
ǰֻƽʱһѵ룬ӵݳȥҲˣҲһɣ
½㶣űӣΣ֡
ԣҺȹǰȴͻȻ֣뵽ʲôְѱӵݳȥҸ磬һûϵ
ǰЦˣͷ
½ȴͻȻ˵Ҳ硣
ôҸ磿ǰһ㶣ãȻʣҸѽҰ㵱׸硭
½ϵЦݵȻ޴棬һ˲ˣӸոյᣬϬһ˫۾ǰ˫һߣٴγ֡
򴽣ɳּᶨ˵Ҳ磬ûѪԵϵ
ǰҲ򴽣һ𳤴󣬾ûѪԵϵҲ׸簡
½ָЩס
ǰҵõǰ


94 
, ˾һ
ǰԭЩɵ۾Ȼѣһ˫۾ŵؿ, еľΪԡ
½˴죬ûз
룬Ǻˡ
ҪȻոôôֱ˵Ǿ䱾˵Ļأ
ǰǾ䡰Ҳ׸硱׻Ǵ̼ˡ
ҹ;ƣǽ.ǿ
ǲǰĸ硣
, Էĺ
û˸ҿڣҲ֪ôڡ
ǰľ
ĵܾô˵˳һ˲䣬
Ժתͷ˵½ͼжͯǰȷʵ̫һ
ֱ۵, ǳƺǰ, 
ôԵı仯
Ȼûз֡
㡭ʲôʱ֪ģ
ǰû˵½ֽӹӣ˵ˣϢ, Ⱦ˾˯, Ҫ顣
˵, ת뿪
ǰ, ûнסֻǳĬؿ뿪
ƾôԶƽʱٶˡ
վʮ, ŽӲعŻط, ¥¥תǴ, űӵı½Ŵת
-
ǰڴϣһ˯ҲûУ룬ǲԼˣԲþˣ
ҪȻ½ô˵ǰҵõǰ
⻰Ǹ˼
֪ǲһˣ
ǰ۾ǻЩţС¡
ʵǸռȵƭӣ
ҧסҧζ߽ĵƹ⣬ģĴ⡣
ǰϣͶԱ½кĸо룬϶ͯǰӰ
ΪͯǰĸײҲΪͯǰİְִȰˣͯǰ׸ͯǲ졣
Ƕͯǰġ
ȴռȵ
ΪЩ̫ʻǣ֪ԼͯǰȴȻͯ˵ˡ
ͯԺ⡢ͯǲԼ½룬кС
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ԣ뷨˼ͷȫصĺúõġ
ɿ᣺ȥ˯ɣ
ãǰҲ¶Цݣ峺ϣû۵ɢǳ
źϡ
½ǵЦ£ӡ
ǣԱߣһѹü͵
ͯǲ
½еһ˫ûκ۾Ƶͯǲϡ
ͯǲѹǳС˵밲Զ㣬ԺҲҪٶֶţҾ͡
½ǲҪǰ
ʲʲôͯǲһ㶡
֮ǰġܡͲҪˣӰѧϰ¸µҾͻȥУʱǰֿ½Ŵ˵
ףͯǲգգ۾ˣ
½ûжԣֻ˵лл
ת뿪
ͯǲʲô̬ȣ
ת뵽ոյĻ
νܣ϶ϲ£߰Ī׼ˣ
ԣ
ո˵ʱֿ

ҰĵĹȻҧĽ֣ȻǲԸ
ͯǲҧгݡ
-
ǰǵڶ֪½ʡ߿״ԪģϢУԴ˵ġ
MоܹϾѧѧ٣ǰʮһҲûϵ˵ʡ״Ԫˡ
ѧУֱǿϲ
УӿϢʼͨû˯
½ŵԣֻԱߣУǰҲܹ
һҪѽö౨ý嶼ϵǣֻܲɷˣѧУҲһӭԵĻ㿴ܸܲĸУ¼һƵԺ󡭡У˷ܣǰǼȵĸо
Ȼ˷ǳ侲ɿ룺У¼ƵԵģɷþͲˣ԰Ҿܾһ𣿡
òѯʣȷʵ
⡭绰ͷһ£׻ӦˣаɣҸ˵һʲôʱʡϡغѧУдʽ㡣
ȥˣֻܴӽջ
ãһᾡȥġ½ͷӦˡ
ò׹˵绰ǰûڣһ绰ϵҪɷõġ
½òܾǰ
ֻˡ
ʼüˣֻ֮ģ½ɾܾ
ι˵绰̹֮˻
ػˣ𣿻᲻ʲô¡ǰЩɡ
½벢⣺ٷҲһҰΣҰҺѡ
ǰðɡ
˶٣˵磬Ҫˣ
ţֻȥ졣½¶Цݡ
ǰոյʧʱһɨգ̾ЦˣǾͺãﶼûʰܾסôǾס߰ɣ
¸µ׾Ҫȥˡ½죬˵˳
ǰһ㶣漴ƫƫͷȵѧȥ𣿡
ˣǰȥϤһ¡½ҡҡͷ۵ž
ŶǺðɣȥҲͦˣ̫ԶˣҪעⰲȫǰˣڰ֣·νһ㡣
½뿴ŵĲᣬ̧ķ꣬ǾͶһˡ֮ǰһиҪ
ʲô飿ǰһ㶡
㲹ϰ½˵
ǰ
ʱͯǲ¥Ȼ棬ܲãοɣҲôᰲοˡ
ȻôˣǰЩǡ
˳ɼ鲻á
ܵǲûã
ǲѽȻȵˣôڸ߿أ
ǣӦʡ״Ԫͯǲ˵
ǰ۾һģ
һ״Ԫ
ĸǣֻ̫ˡ
Ȼͯǲȴ̾Ȼ״ԪСѩۣ½̽½ӷ֣һε״Ԫ½㣬Ȼ˵ڶ
ǰס
⡭
ȷʵܡ
״Ԫ飬һֱ֪ģȻ֮ǰ˵п״ԪʵǽСѩʵϣñȽСѩá
ֻϧҲ״Ԫ
Ȼʲôʱǰʡ
Ҫ˶ã˾ӦҲǺܿġͯǲ˼˵
ȻûһȻ͵ˡ
߽ʱǹεЦݣҶûʲôҪҹ棬ǡ⡯ҡ
ͯھͲѧԱ߻ھǣ軳Ȼ鲻õʱ뵽Ҳͯҡ
ûʲô𣿡ͯǲ̽
ǰҲСȻ硭
ûʲôȻֲڶ߹ɳ£СˣɼȥʲôѧԣҲǷǵҪǿʲô״Ԫ״Ԫͷġ
ÿǾͺáͯǲ˿¼ǸһǳȻ
ǿ֪ôο
ǰʣȻ磬ҪѧУأ
ҪѧȻǾѧȻظ
ǰ۾һû˼˵ԼϾ߿ʱ仹磬ָű½˵ҸҲǾѧԺǻͬУأ
ȻЦЦȻѧأ
ҵȻϣġǰ
ֻҪϣ϶ǿԡȻε˵
Ҳܱ֤ʲôⶼûУǰϻһƥ˾Ľ𽱣߿ϲϾѧʵûʲôӰ졣
οǰǳȣֻҪ˿ܿõĳɼһҲûС
꾩мĸǶھѧġ
мȻ¶Цݡ
룬˵Щѧϰϻͷø㣬㿼Ҳû£ÿԸ㲹δھ飬
ЦЦŵ٩
⡭ǰɡ
Աߣ½ϱʼǱؿȻϿùҸΡ
һ©ʱһɡȻ˵꣬ͯǲգգ۾
ͯǲĶһĴָҲһ䣺Ҳһѧڽô࣬Ҳоģ
½뻹ʲôף
ͯǲȻһ𣬲ǰദĻᡣ
һһ𡣡½뵭˵
ǰ
ιιιһû˵أ
-
ĩԽε
ٴϢһϿΣʼһָϰĲΡ
ɨȫѧࣺѾ׼ˣһȡõĳɼǳΪԼҲΪ˱úøϰʱ䡭Ѿˣû
ף
εͷŻӻôҿԻؼˡ
ȵһ߳ңոջĽң̰һƬ
̫˰ɡ
ǰվѾʰõȥ˰칫ҡ
ͯǰʲô𣿡ε¶Цݡ
ǰߵǰ˵ʦ١
εʶüţʲô𣿡
˶٣˵ϾҪϸˣȻĳɼܺҲȣʦϣܱŬȡһ¡״ԪѾ״ԪһˣȻҲЩźʢһҪȡһµģ㡣
ȻԼźҲǶеź
ţһŬġͷμѾаˣҲΣǶոտ꣬ҾǵľѧУθҪһЩ
ҲʵڣǳֱףѧУͳһΣ϶ǰմҽȺӦ˵ͨʽġ
ȻͱȲһһΣοǡһ
εü磿Ҽǵ׸ͯǲȷʵòҲ߰ٵģĳɼʵǱõİɣ
⻰Ǳ˼ǡ㲻Ҫ粹ΰ


97 
Ͼ, ǰĳɼѾˣûҪҳɼͯǲΡ
Ǻε뷨
翼úܺáǰָ˿
ţͯǲúã
Ȼһ籡½롣˶٣С˵, һSʡ״Ԫ, ҲȫĿľҾöҺá
, ½ô˽ȻܹΪƶǳѧϰƻҲܹĽǶȣھ, ȱ©
εһ㶣һ, ʣȻǸ꼶Ǹ״ԪȻ½롭Ǻһ𽱵Ǹ½룿Ǹ
Ųš
ţǰ̲ס佱ȷʵ, ܴ, δǳȷȻõ˽, ҪרҵֲμӸ߿, ϵЩܹ꣬һѧѺѵͬʱһ߱ѧҵġ̫Ŭˡ
ǰԼҲܹǾ½ôá
ϱ, ֪ļ
˿̧̣°, ظ߱ˡǸı½, Ҹ硣
εҵȻ֪㣡
Ͼܹ֪һʡѧ, ˵㲻㣿
ң֮ǰ߿ɼʱ򣬱½Ƭһѡ˧߿״Ԫ
ȻȶȲǺܴ󣬵Ǻܶ˻Ƕסˡ
ǰ칫Ҳ۹ģиͲʦ̾ڵѧʵ̫ˣ½룬ֺãѧϰá
εʱ˼䣬Ȼæűûк죬ǼסǸ֣Լɾ͡״Ԫͽ𽱣
ֻǡ
εգգ۾ɰͰ˾䣺ǡ簡
ǰͷţ
Ȼˣ½ͯǲͲ˵ˣҲͽȻˣưְôãȻҲٺòˡ
˶٣˵ȻľҲܱ˽ѧУĸϰʽҲǸľ飬ҪĶҸͯǲ̶һ꣬ͽô࣬ľҲҪġ
ԣѧУΣȻĲϰҪ
ǰЦ۾ѵóȵϣСʦģҿ϶ᵢѧϰģǵľ飬ҿ϶
һ硱ĿޣεĬ
Σ죺Ŷ㡢ٰɡ
ллʦǰл
εǱȽϵ
ǰͷ漴תŲ뿪
ȵߺ󣬺εһֻ
ιͯǰͬѧ٣Ͳˣ
ܣǵģҽͣͯǰͬѧڼҲΡ
˵꣬εˣǸ꼶ȻͯǲһSʡ״Ԫ½룬½֪ɣǡ
ѽǼбǼѧԨԴ֮ǰʶģ磡

һͨ绰󣬺εֱЩӡ
Һôûôأ
ûô磬ҺҪǺͯǰ࣬ζЦˣ

Īһ򲻺ã
ͯң½Ȼͯǲͯǰ
ˣ򲻺ãǲؼҹֺˡ
-
Ƽҡ
ɶأҲȥǱ
ϽȥҺòײʵʦĺܺãپλʦĲΰúѧϰϾҪˣϧʱ䣡֣ߡ
ǺУ裡ǰģ
֣̻ظǰ㲻ŬҲǿ㲻ҪͰһѧУ˼ҶҪȥѧģͲһˣӣϽϡ
ǣ
˶٣ҲҪȥϰȥǰҲϰ
˼ǰҲҪѧϰȥ˼Ҹ֣褾ܾϽģ˾ȥΰ࣬ʦأɲҪ˼ʦ̫á
ʲôѽǰǲȻͱ½룬ڸǰΡ
֣һ٣ɻȻͱ½룿
ѽ
ߣȥͯң

˵ʦ𣿣
֣褴ǵͯ鷿ʱȻڸǰ֪ʶԱߣͯǲſ½ڷѧѧ飬᷽ܽʽ
֣ˣ۾һ
ſ̧ͷȥ֣褺ǡ
ˣ˹к֣褡
֣Ц۾ѽڲأһǲùξˣУѧٶ
Ȼ߿ǰͱ½룬½Ҳǰ
֣褶ǰܺõģҲֻǷǳ򵥵飬ûʲôΪѵġ
ѽǰЦŴӦˡ
֣Ҳ˵úܣ˵ǺúòΣҺúڣϸŪóԵģ
˷ǳóԣǰҲǶ֪ġ
ǣҲЦ
ȵ֣ߺͯǲЦٺٺ٣СӣҲнʦһɣ
ʲôѽҪȻͱ½롣Ƿ˸ۡ
ͯǲɵ⣺ǲܣҲʦһΪʦΪаְ֣
½뿴һۣĿڣҪ˷ʱ䡣
ס죬ͯǲƲƲ죬Ҳû˵
Ȼͱ½̧ѽǰıʱ䣬ܵǰ
ǡ
ı½룬ͻȻáοɲСһѧϰһ֣ǡʵʵĿಹΰ
ǰĲδʽһǣȻ֣˵ùǣϾʦǰͬʱҲǸһܡ
ǣ٣Ƕ÷ǣˮ䣨ʵȣ
ǰǷǳӦֽ࣬ǵоԼֽ֮󣬶ʱ͸Ӹˡ
׶ΣܹоԽʱ򲢲ࡣ
ɼʦǺġ
½µ뿪ȥеģ֮ȻûҲˣǰԼϰͯǲͱͯԺץ˾ȥæˡ
ͯҵĹ˾ҪᵽȥھҪʼ׼ˣҪ̫࣬ͯԺæתͯǲȻȥ׳
ҲææŸǰŻʳҪæŸ˾ͯԺͯǲͷ
תۼ䣬͵˰Ѯ
׼ǰռٲΣǰȥˡ
Ͼ뿪ѧҲûмˡ
ǰԱߣʢѹ
ôˣǰ
ʢ٣ϸѧҪʦˣѧĴмѡ
ǰһ㶡
ʦġ
ʢٵĲ²Ҳ꼶һ͵ڶ˵ķҧýǺ͵ȴЩ롣
Ϊѧԣ˻Ǻпܡ
ȥǰʡ
ʢҡͷһܾҲȥȥɣһҲߡ
ǰҲȥ൱Ը˷ʱ䡣
ʱſڡ
ͯǰʢ٣ʦǡ
˶һۣ
ܿ죬վ˺εİ칫ң֪ȷʵѧ飬ͬʱˡöԷȥɣ
εǵһڶ϶Ҫмѡһġ
ʢ٣ıʲУǰȥɡ
ǰıʲҪҪϣӿԶļΣȥɡ
ʢ٣û£лͲСҲûϵ꼶һȥ
ǰǰһֱ꼶һȥ
ε
룬İͯǰȥɡ
ǰ
ԱߣʢЦˡ
ȵ߳칫ңǰһңôѽ
ʢ٣Ϊо𽱣ͷ죿
ǰ


98 ʦ
ʢ̧, ļ򣬴Цúü׼ҪС, ʱһû׷ģ
ǰһʢٵڶ, ĿȻҲ׷ǰ
Ρ
̹̹, õ
ǰЦЦ, ŵ˵Ҳģ
˽˽ңʢٹȻϰ, ǰȴóֽʼ˼ôдʦķԸ塣
ļ죬ǰʱдԸ塣
ѹصʦ꼶, Ը˼֮Ե൱Ҫúøϰ, ȡúóɼľġ
Ȼʦᵱ죬ֵѧǰ̨ʱ, һ˫˫۾Լͬ濴ǵļҳǡ
ͯԺͰҲ档
߿, ǶѧҪԼҳҲͬҪ, һͥĴ, ѧôѾ˵ܶˡ
ͯļͥ, Ҳϣܹȡһóɼ, οȫôЩͨͨļͥ
߿һ·, һıܶ˵·
߿ʧҲζʧȥ̫̫ˡ
ǰϱӾġ
߿Щ۾, ͻȻԼķԸ廹̫ٷˡ
̨, ͯԺͰվȺеǰš
Ƕܹ߲ټҳǵ
ѧ˭ѽ
ƯһСﰡ
㲻֪ͯǰ꼶һ
ۣ꼶һͯǰСŮް
ֹأϸ߶ʱõ˹ƥ˾Ľ𽱣úܡ
֪ļͥŽ̳ôĺӣ

ʶͦͦţԱߵͯԺ˵ѽҪˣ
ͯԺҲЦ۾һҴˣ
Աߣ˿ǡ
˿̨ҪԵģֻһͯǰ
ͯԺ¼ƵһλŮʿͼԱߣЦʣѽͯǰ𣿿̫ˣ
ãҲˡЦ˵ӯ˸ˡ
Ǽʵ̫̺ˣͯǰ̫ˣҿĽˣ
ѽѽǼǸ֪ܲܿһ
ǼǸҲǵ׵ġ
ҳҲûʲôϰ࣬ǼҺӵôѧôõģ
ŴЦ°΢΢̧ǰԼŬѧϰȫԼʲôﶼûаϡ磬ҵһӵ˲ٲϰ࣬ԼҲͦŬģȻ簲Ҳɡ
ѽ㾹ȻһӰˣ
Ȱ꣬Ҳڶж飬һģѾ߿ˡ
ʲôѧ
Ц߰ٳͷѧ
ոʻŮʿĬӣ漴ӼǼҺҲ̫˰ɣʵ̫̺ˣҿĽѽ㿴ᣬȴˣôϢ̫ˣˣʲôϰࣿʦλţ
λŮʿ۵׶Ľͼʣֱ޲úͰ˺ӵĳɼ
ţŰֻΪ˴һͯǲϹĲϰࡣ
˲ĽĿޣΪ˴ϢŰҲϰǡ
ֻûãǵÿѧԼ
ѽ˵˲˵ˣʼˣôһ˫۾ؿ̨ϡ
ǵŮâɡĽŮ
̨ϣǰѾʼˡ
ֻǺͯԺĸ˲ͬεԭ˵Цȴϴɻ;ȡ
߿꼶ΣԷҲüһ𾪡
ͯǰûӣ
˿˵ݣ͸Ӳһ
ʱεˡ
ͯǰͦ׵ģôͻȻڹؼʱӰ
Ҫ˵ʲô
ҪǸˣ̨ʱҪʰ
̨ϣǰֽ˽ɿƽؼ˵š
ѧϰɼԼŬģǼٵĸ߿ѧСѧ꣬꣬꣬һʮʱУʮ꣬ᣬѾ˵ҳ˵ڽҷ粻ţܲţôأ
𣿺ۣĺۣ粻겢ۣҲ۵ޣ۵һ̾Ҫˡֵۣõģıؾ֮·Ϊϸɽ븶ĺˮ
һǰѾൽ죬ֻһ꣬ʱ䣬ֻҪټһ£ߵǸҪڵϡ
ʮʱ䣬ǧٶ죬ڣǧѾȥˣֻʣ졣Ҫöʮǡʮǡʮǡʮ겻ŬԼ
ͯǰȫѧӳŵ
һǸϵģΪѧȫѧĳŵ
û죬üУúˮŬ¾ǸҪڵ㡣ʱ⣬ʮԼ
ˣ˵ˡ
ǡأ
ϱӵǰźҲû취ػظ߿ˡ
ⱲӵͯǰźһҲԼ
ȣ̫Сˣʱȣ̫ˡ
ɶ̶̵ļʮȴһ˵һӣΪ˲һӣΪ˲ԼڸŬʱ򣬾;ԲܹԼ
죬ʮԼҲջɼһԵԼĽȥӭӳԼ
ףͬѧ죬ԽԼллңҵķԵ˽
ǰϹ漴ƽ½̨
̨£ЩЩ㱵ѧع񣬸϶˼
ǰĽǴǵĿ
۰
ǲȴУΪ˲ԼͲȥǧŬʣµ죬Ҳֻܼ֣ҪӱŬӱࡣ
ֻܶԵԼ
ͯǰôѧҲҪô࣬οǣ
һ̣һĸѧӣǰδеļᶨͳ˶־
ȵǰصһʱ򣬺εһۣ˵˵úܺãϡ
ﲻûж޸ĺԲ;£ҲûжĴ壬ֻһѧվѧӣ˵Լ
أֿ
ԭ꼶߹Ҳֻ˵˾䣺ԺҪ
˶٣˵úŬ
ǰճȭһᶨġ
ŬģȫԸ
-
ͯԺͰ̫ˣǽ¼ƵƵȺѾھеı½ͯǲܹ
ܿ죬˾Ⱥðͷˡ
ͯǲรҵã
½룺ţܰ
ͯǲ˵
½룺Ͽʱ䣬ֻ
ͯǲ
аɣ½Ȼа취Ƶסͯǲ
ͯѾ׼ǨˣΪǰϿΣͯԺֻھ˷װޣѡù˾ַCæµ
Ҳææչ˺ǰĺڹ
ǰദûǰ׽ˣǰʱ䶼ѧϰ棬˽ѹࡣ
ԭΪǰǰѾŬˣû뵽ȻܸŬ
ܵǰ壬˽Ū˲ʳƵĲס
ǰ֪ѧϰ״̬Ѿðĵزֻ޲ʱٶһЩֻ޲üеʱѧϰ
꼶ʵŬȫѧϰϡ
ǳԷҪڷ֮ǰҪ֮󣬱ܿ˸һ߶˶ʱ򣬳극̾ͻؽҼѧϰ˯ֻڽſ˯˼ϰ
ϵԽԽ񣬷۹ȥֻи߸߶飬ԼѹѹԴ
һʵ࣬˵Ͽˣ¿ζ˶ڿ顣
ԽԽ䣬ѧϰȴԽԽš
żٵʱѾ¶ʮˣѧ³壬ֻ졣
걡½ûлǰ̫æˣֻʱԽԽ٣ֻÿ̶ܹͨƵͨ˵˶ã½ͻȥѧϰ
ͯǲǻˣѧϰרҵΪԺӹͯԺĹ˾ڹ˾æܹõʵ
ǰҲûôע˾
¶ʮ磬ź١
Ȼֻ죬һû٣һ˷˶ʮţ֤˴һؼҹҲԲ˷ʱ䡣
һƬ
ǼֱҪѪˣſϣУܹ٣ʮžӣҪҪҹ˰
߿ǰ棺ãúдʱҳɣ
ǰͷһ֣̺ҵжʮžӵġ
ǣ
ۡԱߣʢЦˣǵĵУһ˵һʮţд껥𰸣ɲ
ɣۣ⣿
㣬ҲС
Ҿ͸ˣ㡭
˳ǰһ±ƵĿǣôҵ飿
ǡ죬ϴɻ󣬡һž갡Ҫҵɣ
ܸϰʱÿҪдžӣɱȸǵҵѶˣ
˳ɼںõģҪҵ
ʢٿΣҪ֪Ǻ١
صͷѽ㲻ͼһ𣿺㲻úЪҺǻݣ
ǰ°ͣΣ˵ǡɡ
ˣ
ǿǰ߳𾪡
-
ѧǰžӳУſȥ
ԽԽ䣬ȻûѩǺѩˣǰ˽޷ȻߵУſڵʱ򣬽Ųһ١
գգ۾ʲôһ¶õЦݣȥ
磡
½֣ס㣬Сˤˡ
Ǵ𣬵ȴЦ⡣
ǰЦݲã죺磡㲻˵ܲôֻˣ
æˣϲ𣿡½Цʡ
ϲǰ¶Цݡ
½ҲЦֻҪǰˣҲֵá
ϳ䡣½ǰš
ǰ˽ȥ½׼ȥȻԶԶһ𡪡
ȵѽ
½뿴ȥӢ˧Ƿɱ
ڣǰ̽ͷһ㣡
½ʱЩŴЦݷɱǣӵ
ǰϵЩˣ
ǳ˹ȻȻϳ
ʲôʱģʱ½롣
½ƽظոա
ǰһ㶣̧ͷŸոջѽǲǼϵôôæ
½ͣʦ˼ǮĻʱЩţͻЩ
ۺðϴѧ꣬ȻͿԺʦһӻˣǰ۾һݵؿű½롣
ǰǻͷͬ¶𾪡
ߵ̫ˣѹ޴
½̧֣ǰԴ˵˵ѧ顣
ԭͱ½һӻʦڻûпѧ͡ϡ½ˣһˣһƥ˾𽱣Ȼûжϵѡ߿ҡ˻Ǹ߿״Ԫ
Բѧ֪һЩĴţʦ֪ĸࡣ
λʦǼϵĽڣѧʱѧУĻ˱½ѧ̣ԭѧûзϵġ
ֻü춼һֱڻɿ졣
λھͶע˼ۡ
û뵽һü½뱻ĸʦסΪõĿǽģƬ˲̫󣬾ͱסˡ
½뱾˷ǳؽԼǼѧѧóһϵ֤ݣ˵ǳһ˵
λʦҲͷŹҲ뿪ȵѧ˿ܽ
ǣϵλҲ֪ˣԭ½뾹ȻûУ
˰֮ģǰȥʲô֣
½롣
һ˵λھ;һ¡
ֻΪüѧϵĽڶʦ˵Ȱ½תϵЩʦǶ֪½֡
뵽ͽλֱӽ½칫ȥˡ
֮󣬱½͸λѧϰ
תϵλ͸ϵ֡Ρ
½ǳ죬Һܴλھʹӻñ½һ£Ҳܹﵽλڡ
Ҳ󷽣Ǯ˲١
硭̫ˣǰ۾ˡ
½볶˳ǣЦ
ˣ۾ôЩ죿û˯ãкȦˡǰֱЩ̧ۣҪ۾ʱֽ˻ȥ
ӿ˵ǡ
½ҡҡͷûϢãЩˡ
ʵλ֪û˺ǲߵģǸǸٷģǰҪɹæء
Ϊ˻Ѿüû˯ӰӵԼǲꡣ
˿̣½Դͺܳأǵġ
ǰģû˵
ҡֻҪǰ˿ˡ
ǰǣ½磬֮ķΧǲ岻ȥˡ
̫ûˣԶԷ˼
ǰæѧϰȻûʱģʵ½ġ
ôûм˿̼Խ
ǿŶԷĬĬԼаꡣ
ǰŵ΢΢ü֪ΪʲôȻáЩ
ǲ̫ˣ
ǰ
ϸ룬һֱܣֻҪжԷڣǵ۾ֻüԷ
ǰЩܺĬ붼ˣţȻþЩۡ
ʻСͻȻ˵ãҪǵԼӴ
ǰ㶣漴˵ʲôҵ
һ𡰳ҵΪ˿ճʱȥ½룬ڱ½ˣòšҵԼ
ӦǵľͲᷴڣ϶Ҫ𰸷ǵġ
ͣ£˵˳
½üͷǰʲôԼ
⡭ǰɡ
ҵ顭ҪǱ֪ˣ᲻
ǰĳñ½üͷİ
Ǹ³ɣǰתƻ⣬ֿţͼ⡣
󣬱½ס


99 ɫ
ǰһ, ͷ
½ɿ֣΢΢ͷмįǰں𣿡
, ૡ
΢΢ŵͷҵ鷢Щס, , ΢, ΧĿ·õ
һ̣ĵġ
ǰܹо, ҲˣĿ΢΢һۣޱߵ
, ǵģǰˣȥססԼ֡
½Щ, ǰů͡
ഥͬʱһ
ǰĿһ˲Щʧ, һĪĸļ䣬ûü, ½֡
֣䣬㡣
ǰ, ֻ, һס, ˿
½Ŵ, ΢΢ͷ, ůֵģ, ů
Ƿɢĺ, һӾʧøɸɾ
½΢һ˲á
磬𣿡
䡣˵
ǣǰøһţһ̧ͷһ˫ÿĴ۾µ΢磬Һ賿ʵǡ೭ҵҡΪ㲻ȥ㣬ͺͬ͡ѧҵһˡһһ֡
ǰ˵ú飬ŵֶЩ΢ɡ
½˲
ǡΪ˿ԭΪ˿һɵǰԳҵˡ
ӦǴ飬½ȴĻϲҲӯЦ⡣
硭㲻ǰеЦ⣬̽
пԭ²Ϊ½˵
ǰʱЦصͷ㶼ˣ϶ˣ
ЦţҲûס¶һԵĲЦݡ
ǰ΢΢һ㶣漴ĪЩȣҲɿˣǸЦܺÿӦöЦЦġ
˵꣬ǰҴ˳
½΢΢һ㶣漴ٴ¶Цݣ׷ȥ
-
ڱ½ĻͯǷǳ˵ģֻͯǲЩˣ൱ˡ
ߣͻﻹƫҪܵѧУȥôȲҰģ
ǵૣû
ƫͷк棺ǲո˵ʲôأ
ûʲôͯǲ˵
ȵԷʱͯԺ˱½޲ڡ
ͯǲ͸Ӳˣ̲סʲôÿģ½룬㲻ѧǹ˾Ȼûʲô⣬ٶǺޣʱʱëܸǽ𣿡
˵꣬½뵭һۡ
ͯԺͯǲѧڵģôûΪǹ˾ĹװʲôæﲻϣŸոմһȻѧôõרҵ֪ʶ㿴ʵȻмܣϹġ
ǰҲ˵磬ĺɵ
ͯǲ˵ˡ
ʵԼҲˣϾոе
½룬ȴ˵ҿԴֻҪЩʱ䣬ҲҪʦԶ̰
أϹذ˼ӡ
ͯǲ
һƭ˭أѧ˰꣬ѧʲôҲŲأ
½뿴һۣƽֻҪ֪ͻˣ취һʦ
ʦԼҲǷǳѵĺòã
һ˴ѧѧôܿ
ͯǲҲţ
Ȼȵ󣬱½ʦԶָ£ɹͯԺʱ򡭡
ͯǲֱɵˡ
Ǳ½뿪ǰһ죬Ƶ½ʦڶԶָš
һʱ䣬½벻һЩ⣬ǱߵʦҲڻشţǳģȻǷǳѧŻ
˵ͨƫƫһЩרҵ֮ͯǲһ䶼ˡ
ܹ½˫ڼ趯ٶȷǳ죬ֻžžžĻ
һͺ
רҵԱǣ۾ţͲԱóŶ污½ʦ˵űʼǡ
ѧϵĽڣһ󣬿ɼʵ
ȵ󣬱½侲ضż˵ʣµѾԽˣҵרʣµãҲٵʦʱ䡣
Կԡ˻л㱴Ӧˡ
˭һʮרҵǳܴ̼ǡλѧŸոϴѧ꣡
ȻкܶõĵطԷʦָӣԷͿԸϽ㣬Ǻܶ˾
ǡ
֮治а
ͯԺҲЦ۾˵ţСӣȻ½룡֮ţ
ˡ½ǫ
ͯԺʱˣЦ˵ʱҲˣǸϽȥɣǲһ½롣
ͯǲû˵һ㱵ظű½һ뿪
ȵ߳˾źȻع𾪵ؿű½롪
ôǹ𣿣
ֻˣǳѺá
½΢Цϣܹﵽǡ
ͯǲɣôģ
½뿴ǳͯҵİǳܹﵽͯҵҡ
˶٣˵ңǰĸףҲϣܹȡúøеġ
ͯǲԼֱըˣţôҰģȻФҼҰ
ǰԺһǲܸģ𣿡½ü
ǰˣʼձͯŲģ
ͯҺܲͰײĸԺԸ⽫ǰҵġԣǲʵɡ½ͯǲļ
ͯǲ򶶶ֻȥ俪ڣҲܣͰܵõҵףģ趼ͬˣҲԲͬ⣡
ǡ㲻ͬҪ𣿡½գգ۾
ͯǲ
ֱˡ
½ٴ֣ļ򣺡뿪㣬Ի˼·ǰԺһܱȺͱһ˷İɣʼռǰеڶλã򡭡ܾǵˡ
⻰иݵģ½϶ǱͯǲҪԺǰļ޸ˣǸǰеλãû׼ҲǱͯǲҪġ
ñ½ְռλãְռϹλá
ͯǲ˼һ˼
ΣͻȻݣˣһӣ
ֱ½ˣ
½Ѿһξ룬ͯǲæһʲôȥ
ǰ
ҲȥͯǲϽ׷ϡ
-
ٹ꣬ʱȻĪͱһ㼸졣
ʱʵ̫ˣٹͱλϢпܱɡ㡣
ͶѧԽͶ룬ȻҲ˼ģҪͷѹ
Խѹʱ򣬾ԽҪһͷŵ
ǣ½뿪ǰһϣͯǲͱ½ӹ˾뿪ǰ
һ·ϣͯǲ֣½Ұġ
½벢ô
վУſڣԶԶͿǰ߹
Ȼûֱӹסˡ
һ֮Զˣǰߡ
û߽˾ͽ·ƿŵĶ
һŷ⣬ɫġ
ʱ硱


100 Σ
ǰסʱ΢΢һ, Ȼû˵˱Ͱͣͯͯͯǰͬѧ
ǰãȻ
˿۾, ȴһ仰Ҳ
ɴһҧϵŷϣתܡ
ǰգգ۾
, ȻѾԶˡ
ǰΣֻŷ⳯Уſȥ
ԶԶ, 㿴˱½ͯǲ˵߶ֱϵš
ɫŷ, еɫ, еĶ
磡ôˣǰ¶ЦݣЩˡ
½Ҫ, ͯǲҲ˼ˣǰͦ᲻ǵģܹǣȻǸˡ
ͯǲ֣ŷõϣ۾ţ飿
֪, ûءǰ˵
Ѿ֪ʲô, ϾⶫҲֹôһ⡣
㻹׼棿ͯǲըëˡ
ǰҡҡͷȻǣֻ˵ûû˵Ҫ
ȻῴҪǸոûͰ, Ѿˡ
ϾҪ߿, ԲκӰ飡
ͯǲɫźÿЩ, 뵽ʲô, ߿½, Է˫۴˿ϵŷ⣬ɬѱ档
ĪģͯǲͻȻͻѽ˸װǿдʲôôϲǰģ
˵ţҪŷ⡣
ǰһѶ£ԱߵСڴ棬Σ磬ҲῴݵģҲܿ٩
ͯǲһ㶣漴ӣѽðɺðɣҲ
Աߣ½ڿڣⲻǵһŰɣ˸д𣿡
⻰ʾ䣬ܿ϶
ǰڶоͬ½У޾飬Ϳǰٵ
ԣǰ̹Ȼ˵һЩҶˡ
½Ѿ֪ˣȴ̲סü˵ڵĹؼǺúѧϰĪҪģ߿Ҫ룬Ҫѧϰʦδ
õĸ߿ɼδʼʱһߵ㡣
ǰףصͷ
½ոǻͯǲͬҲϽ˵Ҹ㣬Щ׵ǿɼãҪӰ߿Ŀ
ǰ
רѧϰ˭飬ǵö˻߽ʦʦʰЩˣͯǲһࡣ
ǰΣ磬Ҳûôֻٽ߿˼ˡ
Ǿ͸Ӧýʦˣ˼꣬ʦʰǣ㻹ˣͯǲ˴Ķͷ̲סǵҡǰ̫ˣ
ҲйҲ֪ѹ֮£һ˼ģ꼶ʱ򣬶˲ٱʦ͵͵ġ
ͯǲܵǣԼһСģǰͱ˸ˣ
˿½룬̾
Ǽǣл뻤ãôôأ
֪ˣǰӦ¡
ͯǲΪˣŵͷˣϽϳɣ䡣
½֣ǰš
ںůͣǰһȥ̾һɡ
½ͯǲҲȥǰһһҡ
ǰΧ΢ɿЩ½˱ˮ᣺𣿡
е㣬Լ֡ǰֽӹˮлл
ˮڣһԹɵģ
½ֽˮûȥպãԼϥǣ᣺ſŰɣҸ㰴
ǰһ㶡
ѧգԣ½¶Цݡ
ЦʱǱѩʱ
ǰӣ¶ЦݣȥԴϥϡ
½֣ᰴѹš
Աߣͯǲ
˸ۣ
ôĪԼе
֡е㱥
ǳһġ
ͯǲѪҪ̭䣬ָоǰ˿̺ͷɣûֹֻ̲סֹѾʲôʱѧ
֮ǰյеʱѧˡǶʱȻȥѧĻʵʽϿ֮æµǶʱһ㲻æ
ֻǸʱûڵ
бǰ˼ҵֻޱ޼ʵ
Ǹʱ룬ѧѧĦԺҲǰЩ
ǰñ½ѧúܺã˫޳ϸָᰴѹ̫ѨͷϵѨλһƣʧ롣
۾ʱ̱ܶϱ½žµǵͷҲû˫°ͣ߻Ⱦ۵ףôͷʱ򡭡⡣
ǰĿһ
ԱߣͯǲУΪѧû𣿵ѧˣͲǰϥˣ
ǵѧ˵½뵭
˵ֿ꣬ǰʣ𣿻᲻᲻
ûУͦõģлл硣ǰ۾дЦ⡣
½ᰴţٸఴһ
ϧҪˡǰ̾дŲᡣ
ûϵȵ٣Ҳ˾УԺǾͲֿˡģְƣ޵⣬˶ݡ
ǰٴ¶Цݣصͷ
ͯǲǱˣա
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ȻԤôֱǽ
ͬ⣡ͬ⣡
ǰãȻؿһۣ֪ôˡ
Ƶ½ϣ󡪡ôˣ
½дЦùˡ
ǰ
-
Ӻܿ͵ͯң³½ǰСŮ˸룬ĪŹ䵭Щ
Ҳ顣
˽ͯңѾǰһϴȥϴ˯
½ûߣͯǲ׼ߵģ½ûߣҲ
лͱ½˵
ȵ˶طˣֻʣ±½ͯǲ
ͯǲߺߵ˵ڶ԰˵ҪľǸ߿ҪӰѧϰҾ㣡
½̧ͷһۣû˵
ʲô񣿡
Ǿܴùң½뷴ʡ
ͯǲʱҭסˡ
ȻûĪģ½Ǹ˲ǵĸо
ͯǲЩʱ򣬱½ȴ˵İɣҿ϶Ӱ߿ҪӰˣҰɡ
̬̫ƽͯǲֻ˵˵
˵꣬վ׼뿪ոû㿴½Ӷóһɫŷ⣬Щ졣
ͯǲ㶣Żعһָŷ⣺⡢ⲻǸ𣿣
ǡ½ǳ̹Ȼһ˵һ߾ֱӲˡ
ͯǲ΢֪½ǳŸǰʱߵġ
ڰѧϰ˵Ŷֵᷢģ
½쿴ŷʱûж˵ʲôֻ򵥶˼䣬ͯǲΪǲ⣬û뵽Ȼƣ
ιιι͸˼Ҳѽ̫ò˰ɣͯǲզզ˻ȥ
½òڸǰˣҲ뽲ò
ӲԼǸΣյˣֻΪǰߣס˴룬ʱ
̫ˡһ˵֣һ̽ͷ顣
ݡ
Щ顣
ʲôֹ˼족Цһһǣҵġ鲻һϲ㡱һ𡱡
ġϲ㡱һ𡱵ʱ򣬱½ԱˣΣ
ԱߣͯǲըëˣôһͰһ𣿾뵱÷ΰɣд鶼ҪӣҲĲУˣܲܣ
˶٣ûס˵˾䣺˻أ


101 ǰ
, ͯǲס
ո˵ʲô
ովȻ˵˲籡½ʺѣ
һǷĵģ
ͯǲëһ̣еëӦġ
½̧ͷһۣŵɫÿЩ, ƽŵ˵չ˺ǰ, ֻҡ
ǰ˭ġ
ͯǲ, ǲǰ, Ǿü޸˭ǶģֻԼչġ
ǡ
ҲǸҰĵļһԺ󡭡Ժ϶ҵһõģͯǲôһ䡣
½뿴˿һ, û˵
ͯǲĬĬ, ű½ı׼ܹ, м
½ûйͯǲĵĸ߻صϵ棬俪ڣ롣
Ҫʲôͯǲʡ
á½˿̵ЩΣա
½վ, ˵ʲôǰĵ顣
˵꣬¥Ϣ
ͯǲ°ܾͣñ½˱Ż
ڶһ硣
ǰ緹, ½ͯǲҲˡ
ǰ̬, ·ûз˷ţ˵ÿЩ
Ǹˣȷʵûǰϡ
, 켸ķɻǰһ߳, һʵ
½¿ʳ, ظߣʱ仹硣
ŶǰЩᣬֻ˵עⰲȫʱҪСģ·Ҫ
֣ǰŲ¡
Ĺģ½üӦˣţһġ
ȵ˳극ǰ׼ȥѧУ½ȥȥѧУɡ
ǰգգ۾
½ǣ߰ɡ
ǣǰһ±Ƶı½ǣ˳ȥ
ͯǲգգ۾ɵؿű½ıӰ
ǲԿ㣬ҲҪȥ˾ˡͯԺߴ١
ͯǲȥɣҽһͱ½룬ٻع˾
ͯԺ⣺
ǣͯǲɵؿű½֮ͯԺֺɵؿͯǲˡ
-
½첻ǽǰ͵Уſڣȥˡ
˵ҪҺεģǰȻЩ󣬵ͬˡ
ε绰߽֮У⻹Ǳ½һЩ¿˿
ǰˣ˵磬⻹ǵһѧУϿλкһҴѧУ߰ɣ
½ܾǰķЦ⣺ȥҰɣúѧϰԺʱǸ߿Ҫ
Ǻðɡǰͷᡣ
֪½Ϊá
˺ܿ͵˸꼶ǰһ¥Աߣʹ·ʱ򣬶ܹǡ
˳඼ֺÿעӣƽʱһѾҪ࿴ۣվһ𣬼ÿ·˶Ҫǡ
磬ҵˡǰٴȾϲᡣ
ηֱټǸ߿֮
½̧ͷķ·ûע⵽˾ȵһ㣬˵ú׼߿򾢽֮ǰʵѾˣڲ֪׼ʲôĿ߿ҵϵϡ
Ц⣬ȴǰԲ۾
Ŀ
һҪ߿ˣǸʱ򾢵ĿŸոտʼֻҪˣܸһĿ
ǰˡ
һ̣˶־۾ĳ棬ճȭᶨһúø߿ģ
߿״Ԫ
ѣҲȫûϣ
½ͷɫԣʱӦȫѧϰϣ˿˷ѣ֪кܶ鸡꣬㲻ǵĸӰ㡣ǰ룬ͺܶ˲һ
ţǰصͷ
½뿴ʱ䣬ȥѧϰɣҺʦļߣ߿֮ټ
߿ټǰͷ¶õЦݡ
еͿԵֿܶණһ̣ȻᶼȥȲת˽ҡ
Ϊ߿սҲΪս
-
ǰ뿪󣬱½Ҳתںܶ˺Уֲڶεİ칫ҡ
Χ˵ߣͷ·ûиоһ㡣
½뿪ε칫ʮ֮󣬺ʱһݲȵߵУſڡ
Ѿˣͯǲ
½üһҲ죬ֻ˵ʲôʰɡ
ͯǲա
ʱ˿ĸܣʵ̫ˣ

Ǻʣô
ǰ½뵭˵ͺʦġ
ţͯǲһ̾˲²⣬ȥҰİΣһ£ǰϸ׵˾ţֻ飬ֲʦ𣿡
ҲǳúÿˣǰҲûٱ顣
ʦҲ֪ǳúѧϰã˻ϲ̫ˣҲû취žͨ£ֻҪִʦܡ
½뵭˵Ϊʲôܣڲܣȵôʱ𣿡
Խٽ߿Щͨѧ˼ͻԽ꣬׻׷󣬻ôⶼġ
½ԼܹǰߣǰԼ
ǰյ飬Ҫ˵ˡ
žǼʰɡ
ϡ
˶У˺εʱ̶ŵ£εš
⡭ʦҲܷסɣͯǲૡ
ѽЩ飬Ҫʦѽ
½΢ȱ䣬䣺ǰܾεϹܣѧҲеµߡ
Ŀľڴˣĳ֣ǰġܡú֪ܶǹϵġѰ
ЩҪ׷ǰҲ֪һ
½벢ԸˣŻеģЩˣȲ
ǰſڣѾܹ赲ܶҪ׷ǰˣһкεţߵǰǰǰҲܾ
رա
½˵˳ͯǲһ㶣ãȻ׷ȥ
ι㵽ʲô˼
-
ǰºڳɷֽҲֱųһŶͰ档
ǰܻ˽¶˿һ˵Ͷˡ
ûʱˣҲܷģܱ˵ĸӰ졣
ǰóϰϣʼͷѧϰ
һѧϰеǰͽһжˣҲûз֡
ܾöûյСֽ
ȻûյֽҲûٱסǰһ˼ֻѧϰûз㡣
-
߿ֻоʮʱ
εվڽ̨ϣ
ʮ죡ֻоʮˣҪٲѧϰˣ֪࣬ҲǼҳѧϰΪԼ飡Ҷˣںڵ߿ûиŬһЩ߿Ǿͽˣ˴ѧǾͳˣͬѧǣŸ߿ɣ
ʱܸϰʼˡ

ĺۺۡ
תů£һǳ˯Էϲû뿪ҡ
ķ羰ܺãȴ޹ء
ʱȥԷʱһ߶ѧþη߿ŵʱǲŻ㱼á
ŶҲˡ
Ҳô̾һ䣬ֶŲҴҸҿʼϰ
һһţˣˣԱ߷ŵҲˡ
ҲУڻҲûʲôϵҲͣˣǺ񱻸һ򣬿ѹÿ˶ŲҴңʲô׷һ㡣
ǰȱȽϿ죬Ѿ֪ϰˡ
µص㡪ȱ©
˹ֻ̣вȱ©ˡ
ÿĿ£ÿĿκο©
һžϿ۷ֵĲ֣ͻдϰ֤Բٿ۷֡
ûп۷ֵĲ֣ҲҪֹ̣Բܳ
ԱߣʢҲԼĸϰࡣ
ǰֻҪԼĽ߾ˣʦǲָǣΪʦ֪
ǵָ𣬻ǵˡ
ǻʮ꣬δô۹ÿֲסʱ򣬾ͻ̧ͷǰŮ
Ǳֱ˼۵й⣬ͷ񲻻һ㡣
ǿ־ǹɾȥ
룬ԲԼǰ̫Զ
ȥС
վǰֱͦ׷
һеļ֣ġ
-
뿼ֻʮʱ
εվڽ̨ϣ۾ࡪ
ʱǻŬֻʮˣʱһ£ǹȥȫ׷ˣҪۣҪ࣬ǵľ֣Ҳһ࣡ǻǻҪŬǰˣ׷Ͼͻᱻ˦ǺˣͣͻᱻǸϣͬѧǣΪ˸߿һйɾһ𣬳ʮ죡
ǳĽʣ䲻ȣǰһЩ䣬һ¿ܾҪˣֻġ
Ȼڸѧӣһ͹ȥÿһ죬ûʲô
ƣʹˡ
ľƣĸܣܶ˶Ժ󶼻Ըȥ롣
޾һžӣ޾⣬ûҹʮһ㣬żšꡭЩ˱
ʱŸϽ߿ꡭͽˡ
ǰۿһŮӣǶдӣһдһ߿ޣһ߿һд
û˹Ҳû˰ο
Įûʱ䣬ǡ⡣
ʱ򣬿һǺ¡
ʦڹǣѧУһиŴݵʱ峡ѧһõϢʱ䡣
ǰȥʳô򷹣̴һӣҨһ⣬СͬѧѧϰôŬôݣҪע壬Ե⣡
ƬѧУʾţʦҲ̨ԣЩʳõİҲʶƯСôݣ̲סҨһ⡣
ǰõġ
ĺܴһ룬Ǿ;һ£ΪѾܶˣû뵽Ȼ࣬Ե𣿡
ҸһЩǰ˵ţ롣
¶ЦݣԼƹȥǰһЩʣµԼȫȥˡ
ǰķˣʵϣ͵ķ
̫ˣڱҪԺܼܶȥ
ҲȫˣԵĺܸˣһѧöܴ
-
߿ʮʱ
εվڽ̨ϣ۾ճȭѹż
ֻʮˣͬѧǣ񰡣ֻһˣǧҪ⣬ǧҪиҪˣôһ־һٳѧ࿼һ־Ͷһϣǿ϶ԸĿѧֻһְɣԶͰͬѧǣ֣־ʤʤѾˣЦ뿪ǿ뿪Ϳˣͬѧǣʮˣٳһ
εҲǽţ߿࣬ڸѧӣڸʦ
ΪԼĳɹΪЩԼڵѧܹóɼʦҲûһɵġ
Ǳѹʵࡣ
ȣһһʱ׶סˡ
汾ͳƣΪ¶ȣӷꡣ
Щʱ򣬷ӵҲܡ
żš£úܶоԼûϰõ¶
Ͽţͻѧվֿ˯
μϢʱ򣬺ܶѧԴһҾ˯˹ȥ߳嵽ϴˮٻ
;ζڽ档
ǰҲżڿμſ˯һֻ˯˼ӣһ㣬ܼȥˡ
ڼڼڿΣ
Ѿģˡ
λʦóĿĸϰϡ
ۣܶԻʮҪ߿ͬѧǣҲһɾҪΪ˸߿ٳһ
ǰԽһѧʼ𣿡
ǰͷҲ̧Ѿȥˣ˭ĶɣʱҪãǾ쿴
ϣлл㡣
ǰû˵ϰ
Ǵǰʼ̧ͷԼĲʵãôİѱʼǽ˰ǸŪˣ
£Ҷˡǰظ֮һСӸǣϽ˵ˡ
ʮˣüģͼǵù졣
ǽסɬ۾˼ҩˮִ˴ǰҩˮݸ
ǰӹԼΡ
-
߿ʮʱ򣬺εվڽ̨ϣǴЦݣɽź͵ǣȫ
ͬѧǣѾֵˣѧͦõģֻҪʱȶӣûʲô⣡ģѹͬѧʦȥѯңǱλרҵʦѹҪţһҪȥʦġ
ҷɵ㣬Ҫ̫ˣϢǧҪðˣԵ嵭Щغ塣ʱ򣬴ҳȥһ°ɣҪһֱڽңҲҪҳҺȡͬѧǣټһ£ʤˡ
εѹʵһ㲻Сȴ¶ɵЦݣλġʦ̫࣬һɣŴҲЦúͰ
꼶ΣǸǰÿ춼ΧŸѧ¥תƵġ򡱣ÿһѧûؽѧϰͻϽؽң
мײˡ򡱣ԭΪҪһû뵽꼶Ц˵ûû£ʱעⰲȫҪˤ˾û취ԣ̫ˣ
Цºѧŵһ¡
ЩʦǣǶͻȻˣ
ϵϰȡڣֻʣһڿΡ
μʦǻǳȥһ£Ҫעⰲȫ
ʦռʱ䣬ϿʱЦôҸϰûûиϰõĿĿ
ѧʦ˵࿴ĺӢɣѧûʲôñġ
ǶȻ䶼ˣøѧӸܵһɡ崺硱ůʱоŵն΢ɡ
һοԣǼÿѧԼš
ǰȴһ
ǱˣΪ֪ˡ
ԣҪѹҪռʱ䣬ֻҪÿѧ΢Щ߽
ǰ죬ż١
ѧѧУǰͯҡ
½ͯǲҲˡ


102 
ôѽ, ûʲôģӦüѧУϿΣҪģǰǴ𣬵۵ȴЦ⡣
ܹ, Ǹ˵, ֻǾûбҪ
ͯǲüɫ, һˣôûбҪأ߿Ǵ飬ǲŴһ, ֲæ, ⼸Ҳûп, ÿ, Ŀ϶ҪųӰ
ʵ, ѧУȷʵûʲô飬ֻԭǲǳУģ߿ڼ, УòҪУ
Ϊ˳, ǺܷһЩġ
ЩͲöǰ˵ˡ
½ܰ, ֻǵ˵ͷؿ
Ҫ˵, ѾҪ˵һдиˡ
½æ, ûʲôܹ赲
ǰ۾, ;쳣ů
ǰվŵӢ磬¶ЦݣﱻҸӯ
á
-
߿ǰϦǰ, мֽš
һĿ, ž, һһѻľ飬úܶڿǰоľ
ǰǶйڸ߿ȫģΣÿζȫģ߿ӵпԾ飬һЩҪעģǷ
˵ǰԼӦòˣɿǰ죬Щ˵С
ϱӾһꪣһӾ̲סЩͺ¡
ֻͯĿյǰſţͲյˣ΢¶ȴ˹¶Ȼһ𣬸һǳȻ¶ȡ
Ȼţ˯ʱû˳ǰҹ˯൱ȡ
ڶһ磬ɰԼĽ׼ϰ
ͯǲҲмֽŵ˵ǸҪˣͱϰ˰ɣ
Ҳ֪ʲôǰΡ
⡭ͯǲü˼
ȣǲҽǰģһðô죿
߿ţǻú
֮ǰһ죬һǿǰȥɣˤˣǿȥԣԭǸóɼֻǿһ
Щ˶ǳꡣ
ǲȥڼȷʵҲô桭
½ʱ򿪿˵ˣ㿴ɣ翴飬ЩóԵģҲǣ翴飬һɡ
ǰ룬ͷаɡ
ʵǼ飬Ϊ˸ϰ
ϰѾˣȴôϰߣѧϰѾܲɷֵһ֡
飬Ҳһġ
ͬʱ״̬ΪȻ̫ģӰ쿼ԡ
½˰ţǰҲԸġ
ǣʱǰżؿ飬ʱ򣬰ͯԺͿɡ
ͱ½ֺɣǰͯԺҲܰæΨͯǲ
Ϻȣ
ǽȥ˷ʳ
Զ֣ҲҪͽ
ѽҲҪҾҪ򵥵ģǰԼӣͯǲϵĶŽ
ͯǲҪţѽݮζĺóԣӵӵ
ӸߣǰסԼϵ裬˲ݮȥ
ͯǲǰըë
ͯǲתɣҪݮġ
ǰ󣬱½ײײԼϵС軻᣺ҵġ

С㣬Ҫͯǲˡ
ǰ˸Ķ¶õЦݣʼСɡ
ȵһãͯǲðˣѽøݮСɣ
˵ֱ֣ǰõġ
ҲûϸֱӾͳˣιʱһ㶣ףݮζģ
ȻǣݮζģԿȥԸѽǰ֣ҲԼһԣƷţóԣ
ͯǲ˵ˣֻǵ˱½һۡ
ŲҪԱ½ģ
ͯǲｫСҧ졣
磬ĺóԣҲһɣǰ۾ضű½˵
֣Ҫ½һ顣
Ȼ½̽ͷֱӽҧһڵСɳȥһصͷţǺܺóԡ
ǰһ㶣漴ૣ⡭ҡԹġ
½ͷһȻȻݮζСιһʵţҪ˵ʲô
ǰѾʶСɣ漴΢죬ҡҡͷûûʲô
ɺϰɣ
Ӧûֱӳˡ
ܾ֮䣬һһСɣûϵġ
ǰԼûʲôģ̲ס΢죬ĿЩ̡
ó𣿡½ʡ
Щƣ˵Ĵԡ
ǰԼĶˣ΢΢ͷܵͣšóԡ
ʵݮζСɣһ飬ȴóԡ
ԱߣĿһеͯǲ
һֻˡ
½ҰĵĹ
߿ͯԺͰһ⣬Ͳǣˡ
㿴ġ
ѽҪ
ʲôҾҪĵĵ⣡
Ժ⣬Ҳһ

ͯǲһͯԺͰֿ˿ιһСɣιһСɵǰͱ½롭
Ϊʲô
ԼЩࣿ
ԼȻļӸУô£
-
ò˵ǰһһԣǰԣһǳɵ顣
ĶǰԵĲ࣬½˵ǰ̫֮ܳǰûôԵĶʳҪ糣óԻӡ
ʱкܿ͹ˣߺ糿һҡ
׼֤û
2BǦأ
Աʴ˼Ƥأ
Ѽˣ

ǰһͱЩţ˸߿Լ侲ˣҲͯ˺ܽţͯǲֱԼ߿Ҫš
Ψб½뿴侲ǰĶʰˣһ顣
ȵԹ緹һǰ
ǰûкȶţ̣µ˿ϲ鷳˷ʱ䣬Ӱ顣
ȵ˿˵½뽫ȥļǰҲȡһõĳɼ
ŵƱ½룬½ӵһ¡
ͯǲ
ͻȻãһôڴϰͱ½룿
ʵϣˣֻҪǰ̳б½ȥ״Ԫֻû˵¸ǰܴѹ
ԣ½ǳǳ¶һЦݣ˱ǰܿɿ᣺ǰ£Ǿ棬úÿԡ
ǰصͷţ
ԶԶģεкͯǰͬѧ׼ˣ
ǰӦһͯ˺ͱ½ڰ֣źεǱ߹ȥ
εֶ˼䣬ε˼Žɫ·ͷǳ
ȥɣʵû⣬ֻҪȶӾͿԣֻҪǵãҪͿ⿨׼֤һҪдԣ˶Լ飡ε
ǰһصͷֿͯ˺ͱ½һۡ
ԶԶģͯԺͰͬκһͨĸĸŽţŵĿ
ͯǲǻֺͣգ
ǰͻȻͷȻҲڱ½ϿûвĽš
ʵҲûֳô򶨡
ĵһůͻȻ¶Цݣǻӻ֣ת󲽳ſȥ
߿ˡ
-
ǰȷʵǸˣ֪Լѧĺܲʱȴ˿ûмӿٶȣܶڸ߿ʱżʱ䲻Ҵææȥд
ǰǡ
֪ԼԾͱƽĽ࣬ϸϸһһ
ʱ˻ʵԼϰĺôǰԼɿصٶȡ
ʦǧľǧҪġ
ǰһֱÿⶼ׾˳
û˿Ҳûи˵ȵֻ侲ؼ⿨ǲǶдˣصһ⣬һ顣
ȵһ֮ȷû⣬Ҫڶ顣
μʱʱѾʣ࣬ǰȥЩ΢ЩҪСĵĵطμպ졣
һĲѣѧʱǰоƽʱЩѶȡ
Ȼɲ⡣
˿ϺЩ˳ӷŪúܴ󣬴һ˵ľС
Ǹ߿
ЩӰͨͨ¿
Щ˸꣬ÿοԶúܺãһ߿ʧû˻ǵ¿ĩ㡣
ЩСһ㣬߿һƥɱ˳
Ҳֻע߿ɼ¼ȡĴѧǰòãҪ
ÿһԣΪ˸߿
ӰشֻҪһοԣŴ⿨ϴƬƬĿհףܶ˾Ҳ⡣
ǰҲûסһȷʵǳѡ
ǵʵ⣬֮ǰѶˣѽ⿪ҲѼ㡣
һѧѵһɡ
ǰ֮̿ʼ飬ҲֻüһΣ㵽˽ʱ䡣
ո߳ǰЩѧ˳
̾˿ЩΪź
ֻǼӿ˽ŲҴߵУſڡ
ʱУſڵͯǲˢ΢ܿͳһ⡪
#ѧ̫ˣ#
ʶƵ½ϣѧ񳬼ѣȥԶûеѶȡǰ
ڵġ
½һֱſķԵظ飬ǰѧʵǳǿԽԽࡣ
㡭ͲİûзӺ𣿣
û˵ͯǲ²
ȵǰǹѧһ䶼ûᣬֻ˵һЩɵĻ⣬תǰעҲûǰôϵۣͬһֶûᡣ
ڶһ磬һָ߸˽ǰ͵
ǰһϴŵǷϣȻѧӰܴڲû˯ãԽ컹Ϸˡ
ǰֻ˼۾ջߣԺžѧ򾢣δҲŲǿա
Ǿͻ¶Цݣ۵׵Ĺâ
Ӣ﷢ʱ˶־
-
HС
ϣˣǲûгԺãһ˵ţһߺ۾
ͯڰ֣ϵĶһã᣺Ҹһ±㲻Ҫӳ󣬺ܷˤģװˮԺһ졣㰮Եģ⻹ëһԡ
һģ涼չ˵ˣ߶߶ǹġ
ŮʲôʼǵŮǵĸζ
ͯȴͻȻʣǲǸ߿
ͯԺһǾΪ߿ͯԣϽ
ûлش
ͯϳ˳ǣʵ֪Ǹ߿ģֻ̲סȷһ£߿ͯǰӦڿ˰ɣʿ˵ѡ
ԳһЦͯǰҲ£ôõĳɼҲӰ첻ء
˵ͷͷǵͯϵĳɼҲǷǳõģڽٹ֮ǰĳɼŬŬǿԱõļѧǰ;
ûпôãһƴѧҲܲ˵ġ
ô
ǰͯЩǣǿ˵ϣˣúƣκˣʹȥһ˺úùˡ
ţǼ⣬ȥͯǰ鷳ᷢʲôǶ룡
ͯԣ̧ͷԼǰ˺ܶĸĸ
ͻȻͺ۾һſµҲ
裬ְ֣߿
Ƕʱ޵øˣͯϣͯҲĨᡣ
ͯϵһκڡ
Ҳǵһ֪ڡ֣Ȼˡء
-
߿ѣѧǰδеѣ۵ѶҲȥЩڻиȣûѧô
ǰ˳˳꣬ȷԼܹöٷ֣֪
ԼˣҲʵˡ
һжѣܴҿôһ̣ǰ˺أһѹƲס
ȵ߳棬
ǽˣ
߿
ڱҵˣ
޺ȥĸ꣬Ǹ̫Ҳ̫ѹˣܿôһ̣ҵõ˶ݵĽѡ
ܹԱ߼˵ĶԻ
㿼ˣҸոպüⶼѧѧرôѽ
ˣʲôأ
ԣ˵ЩǿȥĶ棡
ڽ˹

ǰҲ̲ס¶һЦݣϦѾ£̧ͷӭŷɫϦǱߴ̵ۣ뵽ʲô
΢΢ʪۿ
ʱʽ
ĳʽ١
Ҳû˽֮£ɶз꣬һƬԼա
ܷɶԶܷɶߣȫƾԼ
ɽˮԶǿգ
-
ǰУſȥڸ߿һ̣ųΪһ뿪ˣӭǼҳǹĵߡ
ԶԶģǰ㿴ͯ˺ͱ½룬ǵŽţķ
һ˲䣬۾ͯǲǷ֡
ǰЦݣӿŲǿ첽ȥ
ȵǵʱ򣬱½ͻȻֻЦ˵ǰͷ
ǰһ㶣ʶãȻؿȥ
ꡪƬ
棬Ŀ͸ʴЩȵؿžͷǰ
½¼Ҫһ̣֮ҡϿЦŻļ䣬ÿһҪؿ۹ȥãҲʻ
ʱʱķֽߣҲСͳ˵Ĺȡ
ˡ½ЦŷֻЦʱܺÿ
ȻܺãǵĻȱƽʱøߡ
ǰ첽ȥ½΢΢ſֱۡ
ܵø졣
ȻԱһ𡪡
ã
ǰһŲ΢΢һ١
˳кãǽ˰ˣ
ɱǰͱ½м䣬֣ؽǰס˼£·ںļ
ǰˡ
ſֱ۵ǰܹı½ˡ


103 ҵ
ǡ
鼤, ȻסǰҲһ̫ڼʶΪ
ǰҲˣȻûеһʱƿ
ȷӦǱ½룬ǰ, һֽ, һֽǰ뻳, һ˫İ۾ؿǡ
һ㶡
Щֵؿǰı½룬ͣڶԷ԰Եǰֱۡ
üͷʱ
賿, ȻұҼҰͯǲҲǰһƺǵļ
ͷ˼ضǰЦЦǸԲ, Ҹո̫ˡ
ҳ¶Цݡ
ǰҡҡͷ, û£´βҪ, ˡ
˵꣬߱Ƶ½, ΢΢ͷ, Ц⣺磬ոƬˣĵú𣿡
½˫İ۾ƿ, ¶, ǰ¶һЦݣţܿɰ
Ƭʱ, ǰԲ۾, ֣УƬ̫ɵˣɾ, ɾˣ
½㿪, Ц⣺ܿɰѽ, ɾ
Ӹߣ֮ǰƴڽŶò
ѽ磡ǰŭ
ɾÿ½ظ
˿ʼһһŭһųЦݡ
˲٣˶Ťͷǣֵߵ֣ע
˼ˣóֻһţҲóֻ¼Ƶ
ͯԺͰЦݵؿǣǴȰ
ͯǲһֻۣ޺޵һ䣺ҰĵĶ
ǿǣźɣüͷһ
֪Ϊʲô
ǰͱ½ദЩ֣
֮䡭Χԡ
֮գȫͬǰͯǲദʱģ
һ᲻ǸӦôģԼӡˣܸЩá˹ϵѾбˡ
ǣǻؽȥ֣εسѡ
ǰ˱½һۣ룬ԽԽƤˣ
֪϶ɾҲֻŤͷӦã
ǣǰǻؽңƼ˺ͯԼ½Ȼؼҡ
Զ֮ǰǵŭЦݣܺá
ܺãʡ
ǰٴιŵ٩ؿţ鲻ãոռĲѽ
¶ɵЦݣ׵ݼΪҫۣҵȻҲˣ
˶٣˵͡͡
ţǰɻؿ
ҡҡͷЦ˵ûʲôոԴЩͿˡ
֣ǰѽǿɶˣܾͲˣ
ѽ
˵ıӰʧ
-
ǰ֪ʱȴһιƵ
Ƶ̣ܶͱ½ֻƬΡ
˵
ѽ߿ˣ/͵Ц
Ƶ棬ͱ½ֵߣͨ·Ҳסµգ޼䣬з·ֻжԷ
ǰ͸ʴǿ½ǽˡ
ȶȲرߣҲһ㲻Сܶ˿Ƶʱ̲ס¶̾顣
ѽǸʱĸ飬ô⡣
ԣҲĻĶ죬ֻΪǸˣΪʡΪ
СֵҲ̫˰ɣЩ˾ױУ԰ŮҪÿҿʼΪ˾ʲôģֱ·ˡţԭ
˵ôе죿
ȥ߿ʱǲиͦŵ΢Ҳǿڿӵǣ
ŮҲŮҵʱǳλкӳɼǳãʲôĽ𽱣
֪Ůӳɼô
ʱĸȻ⣬Ƕźճ֪ǻزڳɳһ

΢Ӹֵ̾˶ഺڵĸ̾˭꽻ʱ򡢵һĶĸܡ
׹ĵǲֵġ
ȶȱԽԽߣҲԽԽ˹ע
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106 ʦ
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ÿ뿪ʵһصƵ꣬ѹʱ
ҲˣؾƵʱԽԽ
򾢻ȥòȫЩʱԼʱ䣬ݺоУĹ˵ǰ
ϣѾˣǰŰƵߡ
ֻ΢ȺϢ棬ͯԺ˵
@ѾʰˣҪ׼ȥˣעⰲȫôûûؾƵꣿؾƵǵñǵˣͻؼסɡ
Ҳ˵
ѽķǰְһװ޵ģһϲʱȥϲϲӴ
ǰ򴽣Խӡ
ǶܺãСΪֲǡ
һװ޷䣬ϲãһƳֲǸķ䱻ʫͮס˵ź
ǰӦøжģ̲ס뵽Ǹסһ߷ͯǰȻһӷǳݡ
ŶǸͯǰʵԼ
̧࣬оԼ񱻷ָ֡
һΪǶԼĺøˣԼûжԲԼ
һȴԹֲ˺Ѿɣ
Լָһһ̲ܵסᡣ
ĸԼʱ򶼻Ҹȥ˵һ˵ڱ½磬ŷǱѰĸ顣
ǡ
ǰ뵽Щ뵽Ǹǡ
ԽͲ֪롣
һ»û壬ķգǰǳʹ࣬Ҳǳ꣬ԣֻӱܡ
ָʶ㵽½ĶԻֺܿ˳
ڽƵ֮ǰŴ롪
½ΪʲôҲԼϢأ
ǰ룬ȴֲҼҺ˵
ȻҲûϵ
Щܡ
˾Ƶ֮ܿϴڴϣշתࡣ
֪ĵط½뻺߳žƵĴţɬһЩԭݵģԵõ
վñֱǸԶļֱͦ
įѹ͵ǡ
ǰ֪ûп½룬ÿ죬Ǳ½ؾƵꡣ

Ҳ
½̧ͷ¥ŵരʹࡪ
ǰҿһֱȣ벻ҪôܾңҲҪѹ
-
ǰ˯ţỹ۽Ǿ˯˹ȥ
˯úܲȡ
һΣһͯǰʹѹ
۾컹ûдϥ˫۱ϥſ
˺ö顣
ʵʲôڰʫͮĺ뱾С˵Ӱ߰ߵˣŮǣ
֪ġԭġǡ
ͯǰģ֪ġࡣ
ǲʲôԭģҲһŮԵǣֻһҵĿˡ
ʧȥ˸磬߽һϤİĵطܵСҲųȴһֻǣ߽ǵ壬սݵһ
ǰ֪˺ܶණֻ֪ͯǰͰʫͮԣ֮ء
Ǹ֪ˡ
ν֮أͯǰˡ
ɲǱƵ˾
ˮɱġ
ڱ½ļա
ˮҲ䣬Ϣ˾ʵܿ죬ļȴʹࡣ
ǰشϢ·𴭲һش
УһֽѵĿУ·ܿԼǴЦݵ˵
磬̣ˡ
ǰ·ͳš
һҲȥˣ
ܵʵңʵ飬ͷЩңҲûϴۿѪ졣
һʶ㡭ôˣ
ǰһоʵϢвʧҡҡͷɳƣû£ֻجˡ
ȷʵجΡ
ȥϢϢѵã򾢾ȻǰϢôº͵
ǰߣҡҡͷ߿ʵңִ֣ҪоҲ뿪
죬˵ʲôû˵ֻ˵㡣
˶٣ָԱߵĳ룺Ե
Ŀǡ
ǰͷ߹ȥ
ʵɣһж죬Ƿա
-
ǰһسоУԴװ֪ʶװ
ϵֻôһΣ֮ϢҲʧǰûΣ֪ĶΣȴҲûˡ
ôƽĹ˼죬磬򾢴˵˾䡪
㡣
ǰһ㶣ãȻʵ˭


107 
Լȥɡ򾢰ڰ, ˵һ䡣
첽ǰо, ûдǰ
ǰεҡҡͷ
ʦѽԴֻоˡ
ǰ˵ţϵĶ, ΢߳ȥ
һǲʵ¥ģǰûſڿˣֱӴ¥ȥ, ߳ʵ¥, ԶԶ, 㿴ԶĺվһӢˡ
ǰŲ΢΢һ١
ͯԺ⡣
ͯԺҲǰ, ¶Ц, Сܹ
ǰʶӭȥ
ɹǶҰɣͯԺһ˵ţһ߿첽ߵǰ
, ̫ڴ, žЩۡ
ͯԺ⵽ǰǰʱŷѾͷ󺹣ͷҲЩҡ
һֱŵİԵܲ, һᶼ侲ݵģ
Ҳֻĺ, ˼ͨͨˣͨͨżӵĸס
ǰü, ̲ס˵, ôô͹ˣôҴ绰
ͯԺ¶Ц, Ȱû¶ѾڸʦĿˣҲҲġ
¿˿ǰϱ¶˵ǣˣǲûкúóԷ
ǰû˵ͯԺֲ֣ļϣȰֵǣؼҰɡ
ǰ죬֪˵ʲô
ǼҾں;ѧԶСȻû֮ǰCôҲԶǰ½˻סڼѧܷ㡣ͯԺǰϵ΢΢˽һϰְؼҺòã
ǰ۾ۿ΢΢Щ졣
ǰ۰ĸףⱲӵļУ˵ΪУɶֿ۰ġ
ͯǰļУҲǸֻǡ̫ɵŰʫͮ
˺ֶۣÿζʫͮҧһڡ
ͯԺΪͯǰÿζţżΣҲʷ΢ֲһЩʫͮ
ĽǶ˵
ʵδϱֻûз࣬ⱲӸǶõòٺˡ
ǰû취
ˮ̫ˣϢĸо̫ʹ࣬Լѳ룬û취ޣҲûа취֮ͬǰһͺ
ǰ죺֡Ȼȥɣһסһʱ䡣
ᣬɤЩɳơ
ͯԺеĹâۿɼر䰵¶ǰźۡ
ְַܸ߰ʲô𣿡ͯԺ΢΢ƽ
ǰۿˣһҪ֡ҵ⣬Ҫú롣
ޡͯԺЩˣְֲˣȥʵæɣְ㣬Ҫѹ˵ʱϵְ֡ҡְ־㡣
֪ǰôˣĵͬʱĻǵġ
ô¿ɰŮǷʲô飬Ż᲻ؼң
-
ǰתʵ¥ʱͯԺһֱıӰͷ˻֣¶һЦݣġ
ۿˡ
İְĺ
صʵҺǰһûǰȥæֻڵϣߴ͵ؿһط
ʶҪˣɿǰŵ۾ѾߵĻָ˻ȥ
Ѿͷ
ιôˣС֣
ͣƺͯԺһСӡҲʵ
š
ͦģҳסƵꡭ°ͣһ˼
ǰ΢΢ͷϢԵЩѹ
ģȴԹԼ
򾢺ǰҸСͽΪʦĽ飬ǸֻԴЩ⣬ʵЩΪˡ
ϵ飬ɲǼ򵥵߼ԼӼɵġ
룬ͻȻһ֡
ǰ̧ͷ
Ϊʡ¼ú̵ܶͷ˵Ȼ֪ôˣߣǲõİ취ǡо
ǰһ㶣񽥽˾۽
һؿǰҪ֪ʲôĿ𣿡
ǰͷ
ȷʵ֪ɴʵ֮һֱûиҲûʡ
ѧҵĿɶǷǳҪģȻһҪĴĿ
ҵҲû˼ҳɹȥԼ飬ǰûʣҲûд
֣ǰקԼĵǰ
ĵϵ㿪һΪʾš
ǰһ˫۾Ҳαʾģţдž𾪡
Ǵӿռ仹ʱ˵඼̫Сˣֶݣʮ꿴ܳʱת˲ţ
˵ʱвįȼŵķ񣬡̫ˣǶ֪̫٣֪ǵʵһֱǴΣյУ˭Ҳ֪᲻ͻȻһСײ򡣡
ִһ棬żᶨҪģǽЩܷıȫסʱٴηҵĴʱйڶݣһ죬ܹ֪֪һУĿܼ򵥣ҽΪʯأ
˫۾ǰ֣ͯǰҪҪһ𣬽ĿȥʵǸĿ꣡
ǰ򾢡
ò˵Ե֣Ҳ̾⡣
׼ļѵ棬ͱ½롢·ڲٳĲݵϣ̾ʱͿռ䣬̫С׺һڡ
ǸʱһоΪС̾һį
Ǵ˿̣֪ԭ˸̾Сʱ򣬲įǡҰġͶ־
Ƕݵһ飬ŲϷܵ
֪
ʦһƽһΪδܹȥ濴һ
Ǽһ죬ΪһŬ
ǰȫ磬֮⣬棬ǺӣС࣬ССԸС
ͯǰһʹ࣬ǰһñЩҲñЩԹ
ͯǰǰ
ĿǰΪֹ˰ĲΣͯҴδԲ
ͯǰһѾʧˣҪʹͱ
ǰһδ֪ѤõδŸոտʼ
вֻͯǰļУӦԼǳ󺣣ޱδ
ϣµó̵ˡͯǰǰ
ǰ۾ԽԽ֣֣ãʦͯǰһΪŬͣЪ
򾢵еһ¶Ե͡
ǰΪͽΪЩ츳츳ѧô࣬򾢲ûмǰ츳ˡ
ѡ
ֻΪУԼһģһȰ
Ѿ۲һʱ䣬ûиˡ
įѹֻҪʵңһйоߣеĹâ͵Ķ
˵һһģһĸ˺ڴ
Щ˺ϸ൱ΪһһһΪ֮Ŭ
ǰ򾢾ǡ
һһ٣һĸпһΣҲһִš
Ǻϸʦͽ
-
ͯԺߺΪ򾢵ԸһᶨľȣЩӵкԵòôҪˡ
һʵҸѧϰ뿪ʱһıʼϣŲҴңæŻȥܽ˼
ֻû뵽Ҳˡ
ǰŲһ١
漴¼ǰߣֻߵǰʱ衣
룬ͶͯԺĸȫһ
Цݿɬ˵İɡ
ǰ룬˵á
˽飬Ӻߣźϵţһȥںͤӵĵطͣ£ʯ
ǰűʼǱû˵
ۿ΢΢죺ǲԹң
ǰû˵ֻ߶ˮ淢ߵЩЩˣ·Ѿ𣬺ˮŹߣ͸⡣
ž䡣
֪ԹҰɣְֽ˵ʱؼң֪Ӧøռ䣬ǡʵ̲סˡ֣ǰ˵ɵȻŰʫͮǸĹεĶҲҴȻȻСĽ㶪ˡǰ谮㣬Ըһֲ㣡Բ֪ˣؼҰɡ
ġ
ǰ֪
Ҳ֪İԼԼΣԸֲԼ
Ǹˣ׸£ЩçײҲɵ档
ŰʫͮҲǰʧģһӣʵѾͯǰкöˡ
һϸ裬ⱲΪǰԸͬ˺ܴĸı䣬ҲһֱϱӸúʵķʽǰá
ԼųĹ⣬ʵҲûʲô顣
Ҳûɹ涨ĸױԼŮ
ǰˮ棬˵裬֪ˮж𣿡
һ㶡
ǰһ̧ͷŰ
ͯǰˣʫͮͯŵΨһŮӣҲΪѣͯǲ鲻ųͯԺѹ⣬ÿ˶ܹøðɣ
ǰ֪ͯǰͯʲôӣ룬ӦҲǲġ
ϾͯǰһУȥʮ궪ͯɹúܺãȥá
ǰرŵ֣᣺裬ҲԹˣûʲôԹģġ
վҪ뿪
ȷʵûʲôԹģڵиҪδЩʹļ䣬ԶŰɡ
ԹҲᰮڴ
ǰǰȥ󣬰Żȥ
ǰ뿪
ܹоǰˣǰĸ֮飬žľˡ
ǰԹΪˣ
ż
ǰߵúܿ죬ȥ׷ȴײʯϣ˳źˮȥ
顪ˮ
ǰ͵ػͷǡÿľǰˮ
ˮˣԶ˺
ǰԴʲôһ˲䣬ǰһڣ˹ȥ
-
ΣʱŤǰһ硣
ǡ
ͯǰ硣
ͯԺⱧŻʪ͸˵ͯǰؼңûᣬֻǴһ˫۾߽ͯҴš
׼ײģڹײ档
˵ôôɵְѾҪˣΪʲô㲻ܵһأ
ëϸϸͯǰϵˮ᣺ǰǸúӣǰְֵĴǰְû㷢һУǰְֵĴ
ǣһᶼû
ʫͮҽԺʮİޣüλʡ
ͯԺûпޡ
Ҳûаͯǰĺ¡
ֻ侲ؽʫͮק
ʫͮϡ
ͯԺ⵱ж첲÷Ƿֶαʳͳ׻ˣͯǲǶֵؿŰʫͮ
ͯǲȥһ᲻ŮӣԼıá
죬ݺݴһ٣Ъ˹û
ûţֻƿߡ
ϲͲ֪Ʒ֮󣬱ȫ
ͯԺͯǲȽȥһƽʫͮ
ʫͮѾˣɳɤ
ͯԺ֣ǰƬʫͮ
ǰǣֻܿ޺֣֣Ҫεģֵã
ʫֵͮİְһһ
ֻܴ壬ʲôס
ʱ򣬾ѾͯԺ⣬侲ضͯǲ˵ʫͮԶһ㣬Ҫõĵط
⣬һ仰˵ҲϿһۡ
ͯԺȴ̣ͯǲᣬݵ尲ٺ顣
񲣬Žܵͯǰɱĵطȥ
ͯǰЦȥһǿȥġ
˵ˣԲ±ӣֲ㡣
ǰʶҪסûסֻܿȥˮ
һֵһط
ͯԺڱִǹûʲô飬ֻɳ˵±ӡ±Ҹˡ
ǹ֮ڵϣǻ¶һЦݣǰķ֡
Ҫǰš
Ҫ£ְڣְͯԺŲŮ֡
ǰ۾Ѿˮ˿һ˫۾ǰͯԺ⣬ֿ˿ͬΧİ³һ
ˡ
ͯǰ顣
磬û£Ҳû¡
ǰ̿һ˫۾ǸӣǰȥˮŮܵһС
ǰ˿̶ĸ鸴Ӽˣһɳʣû°ɣ
̾ͺ۾˳漴ָϽĨɾᣬǳһЦݣû£û£ˮǳûʲô顣
˶٣ʣˣ
סǰһֻ֣ǰ˽ȴûг
ʱͯǲżӲ⴫
ǰո̧ͷͿͯǲһŵسУô£ôͻȻأ
ǰ
ͯǰĸ鲻Ҳ⣬ҲС
ͯǰ󣬸ĸҲ̸ˣͯǲһǸϣȻҲܡ
Ⱳӵͯǲĸ飬Զ
ǰƵͯǲһǸϡ
½롣
ʱǰͫһöûм½ˣû뵽Ȼô࣬Ҵ˿ɫ԰ףճȭ΢΢Щ
ߣʲôû˵ֻǻ߹֣
޾ºͿ־塪
ǰҪˣòã


108 
½ӵů, ΢΢úܽܽ
ǰܹоĺһ㣬һ˲䣬ʶҪر, ƽĺºͿ־塣
Ȼֻ˻, ǰЩڡ
ȥӵʱôȻ, ֪֪½˼֮, Щ˼Щһ㡣
ûµġǰ˵
, ½侲һ, Ƶطſ֡
ԱߣͯԺüɵؿǡ
֪Ϊʲô, ͻȻ֮Щ
ǰͱ½֮, ǺԼҲû, ֻΪã
ͯԺüͷԽš»ɵӡ
Դһ֪, ֻǵؿǰ
ͯǲ
ƲƲ죬²һ䡪Ҳǹġ
ǰ˵Լûʲô飬ͯ˺ͱ½Ҳ, ȥ飬ȫһ, ȷһҲû, ˿
, ؼס, ͻȻε, ʵǲġͯԺ֣ǰͷȰ
ѽؼסɣóԵĲ塣
Ͻؼõķɸŵģ
½Ҳһ˫׵۾᣺ؼȥסɡ
εֻǸɺϣŵ˶ѣ´Σõҡǰǣػظ
ȷʵɺϣˮһ磬֪ˡһС
ǰʱҲ룬絽ô£
һ˫εĴ֣֪һУ˽⵽ǰҲȥ
ͷոðڰͷͯԺ⿪֮ǰ˵ĲΪҵģҾȥƵʰؼȥס
ǰ¶һЦݡ
ڽѾӦǳ󺣣ѤδٱȥסҲԹС
ټѾ֪ͯǰһС
ͯԺʵδԲֻЩˣȴҲðʫͮͯǰԼҲûлȥͷ
ᵽͯǰʹʱĺںͰգѾ֪ԼŮԼɷ
Ѿͯǰһˣǰ͸ûҪԼڹļУ˶ڻ
ͯԺϱǰΡֻԸŮ±ܹҸ
ǰҲϣԼӵеǳʵҸ׷ΣǳԹһ
ǰԸˣҲԸֻԼӡ
ԭ²ԭ¡
ʵҪˡ
ͰҲĸŮ
޿⣬ǰҲû취޼䣬ǲôȥ̸ʲôԭ²ԭ£Ҳ̸ʲôֲֲ
һӡ桢ʱ΢
ǰЦͬһй⣬峺ף͸ŵ׽ܰ
ͯԺʱ˵úúã
ҲЦˣæ˵ھͻȥҸóԵĲ壡
ͯǲǲӦȥʰ𣿡
ԶԶԣʰͯԺǰͣĵطȥͯǲϽϣ˶ܸˡ
½ûվԭؿǰıӰ
ͯ˲֪ǰͨʲô֪֪Ѿ׷¹ȥҲܸоǲٳСеС
ǡ
İԣǲҲСĸ飿
ǲǡҲǿԲ
ǰͯң֮䣬δи֡
ôǰͷ
½һ㶣ʱͻȻ¶Цݣ̧ţҴ׷ȥ
ôȥأ
ȥĶ͸ȥĶ
-
ǰصͯңȴ֮ǰһÿ飬򾢵ʵҺһĿ
ȷʵһĿǰ֪ΪʲôҪԼһ
Ŷԣڼһ
˳򾢻ظ
ôʲôϺ𣿡
ǰʦȷʵЩǷ
ðɣĿ˻ʦˮƽޣĿǰܹϵæҲЩȽϼ򵥵ġ
ֻƴŬȡԼԾʦæϺȡ
ҵٷǳʵ˿ûȸɣЩνġ˴ѧˡʦǸѧӵһڴ
ʵϣڴѧҪеɹֻи࣬˷
ΪԼ룬඼ǿֵġ
ӳʵ㣬ȻҲûзգǰķԡ
½롣
֪ѾûŵˣּʵǶݲľܾ½֮ǰҪˡ
úóԶ½֣ǰԴ
΢΢ЩڵصͷڴڿΡ
ȵˮ½뽫ˮݸ
ǰлл
ҿʲô½硣
ǰӲ˼ǰ½ҲôǾЩһ˵ġһ
ȵ緹½롢ǰһȥѧУ
ǶҪʦµģͯǲֻҪͯԺһȥ˾
ȵѧУ½뽫ǰ͵ʵ¥棬֣ٴķϽȥɣ緹ԹоͲԷˣ
˴ѧǱǰöˣǰ˸ǧɽˮһ涼ǲףһѧһԷӣá
½ǴЦݣг겻ɢŨīҲżϲá
ãǰ˭ÿ
ǰ߷ϣ΢΢Щˡ
룬ͱ½Ĺϵʵһֱͯǰͱ½벻һģͯǰԸϵĲ̫Ҳѹ֡½᲻ãϲ
Ǵʲôʱʼأ
½ͽǰˣҲһֱܺúܺãֺֺͯǰһﲻһǰԼҲ˵
ܹоһ
ʵͯǰûѪԵϵ
ԼһֱûԼͯǰĵһ˹ϵģҲԼꡭ
ôʵҲǿһİɣ
ǰ뵽ĪϷ̣ͷŻתܿ
½һ㶡
漴ǵЦԽʱдŨЦ⡣
ǰˡ
-
ȵǰܵʵҵʱѾˣ̧ͷһۣڵСṻˣ
ǰͺ죬Ͻ˵ʲôСѣҪ˵
ô˵۾ֻŶԷҴԱ·Ƕû֣˵÷ǳζ
ǰ֪ԼովȻΪ½룬Χ
͵øˣͰͣûûе¡
ʲôˣҲϴѧˣҪ̸Ҳû˻㣬Ȼû飬Ҳ᲻׼顣ҡҡͷһ˵̸£̸ʹʧǣ㱾Ͳ֪Ժɵʲôӡ
ʦǰθ
Ͷ䣬еˣ˵ǸС츳ƫƫǳѧ㿴ʲô
ǰʶ˭˵ģʦ㲻Ҫ˵Ҹ粻츳ʣͬв츳һһ꣬Ѿ˺ܶɹʦҿޣһյ֪ʶѾǱѧѧˣУѧĩɼϵ߷֣ȫ֣
ɴ۾Ϊ½粵ǲ
˵Сѣ㶼˵ʲô˵Сѣͼҡҡͷ˵֮ǰǸСѸҪȥμСŮѡ
Щ˾²ǻһǻȰҲõһôòĳɼ츳ֶʱȷʵܲƽ
½ˣ˺޵ġ
ǰˣȴĪĲ֪ô
֣½ʼ׼ǰġ
ǰ񽥽Щɢȴɷ졣
ˣϽˣһʶȥ
ǰӣʣ߹ȥͶѧϰС
-
ʱͯҡ
ͯԺͯǲҲ˸óŵʱˡ
ֻͯԺɳϣҲ֪ʲôһ˼
֣ˣ㻹ͯǲãȻʵ
ͯԺ°ͣ˵ûоã½ð֮䣬ǲЩ̫ˣ
̸أܲ𣿡ͯǲʶ˵
ͯԺȴͫһʲô˼һ㣬һ𾪵ؿͯǲ
Σͺʲôո˵ʲô
ķӦ̫ˣͯǲӣ˵˵̸Ŷԣûʽ̸Ҳڣ˻ϲء
ͯԺ⣺
վ𾪵ȥһš
漴ͷͯǲΪʲô˵ʲôʱͷģ
ͯǲһãȻ֮ǰ˰
Ϊʲô˵ΪʲôѽͯԺһƺԼӵƨϣֱ޵ñһ١
ͯǲãȻˣƨɺһˡûסҲǻʹ㣬˵ǰĶӦǱ½İ
ҲˣͯԺֱ֧½룬¶أ
ͯԺһ£Ĭˡ
½У͵һңǰǲܺͱ½һģ
˵Ҫб½ı׼
˵˭ԣұŮʲôܹ
Ҫ֪½Ҳ빰ҵıŮô˵Ǿ仰
ɫͯǲԼԼе㶮ˡ
ԡ

Ϊֵ˼污½סҰģ˻ᣡ
ǰ죬ɱ½ǰط䣡
ͯǲһû
ұ½ŪˣҾȻͰ
ͯǲɵӣӴ㣡ͯԺŰƣƨɺȥ
ô˻ͯǲƨɵ㡣
ǣʱ򣬾ͿͯԺͯǲһãȻգգ۾ȫ֪ʲô顭
-
ϣǰͱ½ͯҡ
ͯҶԱ½ܺõģװ޷ӵʱ򣬻װһ䡣
ʱͯԺԼˣ
ǰͱ½ؼ֮ǰͯڿᡭ
ͯǲ룬˵֡ʵ½Ҳʺϰһˣ㿴ڰеλ͸ߣ԰ҲãﻹûˣԺ󰲰޸ǿԾסȼ޸˺öˣ
½ô˵ġ
ͯԺȴǿɵһһۣɰһֱסڼһֱǿţǸ𣿡
ͯǲ
е
Ȼֱ½ƽȥˣ

ͯԺʱ򿴱½ܲ˳ۣʼ䣺ұ½һзģֳĬԣ϶ǰģ̫ˣǰ壬Ҳһʲô˼ǰôӴ
ͯǲ

ʵûס˵ԺⰡ½ȻúãŮӶԾܾûκλϢȻĬԣǰʱǲһһʱҲǺܿĵġڻ˼ҪģҲûܷˡ
Ůȷʵǳ˳ۡ
½ˣͯԺⶼë
ǰ͵ģ
Ȼ˭ģֻԼͯԺһࡣ
ЦðһӲ˰ǿ϶Ȱߵ磬ǵʱôĵ£
أͯǲϽʾ
û˵ʲôͯԺ俴һۣڿŻɣԺָǸȢϱõġ
ͯǲ
ͯԺ˵꣬üͷѽȷʵȰߵ磬ܻŰһӵġ
ϸ룬ղ˵ҲǲðֻѡҪúѡͻʮ꣬ʮģҲûġ
ʮꡭ
ʾЩۡ
Ǹʱ򰲰Ҳʮˣ
ǰͱ½ʱģǣֻġ
˵ȫǣŵ棬ɴ۾Ųš
ȻѾ֪ˣǷǳţ
ǰ˳֣ûЩˡ
ո³˵ţ½֡
ʱʹ˳飬ֻǱ½įؿ˵ǰøǣ𡭡
ֱ׼ǰߴ磡
ʱˣҡҡͷȻ͡ǣŻ
ԭǣҲûʲôֻй˶ǣŵ֣͸ԾˣҪ
½ɿ֣ȴؿһֿۣͯˣ¶ݵЦݣͯײĸǲ
ѽ
һ۾֪Ǳ¶ˡ
ڣѾ±¶ˣ෴ǲµǰ˼
ͯԺҲǴˣ½ģ۾۾ӲǱӵ˵ǣ½룬ϲ
ţҰǰ½ǳ̹Ȼ
ǰˡ
֣ԼĿڣܹоЩ죬ǰ
ͯԺʵǰǿǰһ֡
㣡޳ܣã㾹Ȼ˼ͯԺҧгݣǳ
½һؿͯҶǰĵģҪ̷ԣշվüģһգһǷĽǰҵġ
ͯԺ⣺ôһ졣
һС½ն
ǰλͱ½ûʲôɣ
ͯԺѾˣֻ÷ǳۣڰ֣ǳ˵˵ǼǲסˣȥסУɡ
ֱң
ô桰ײ˵ԼѾĦȭƣ
ڣֻнǸ½סУ߶ܽ˸һЩ
ͯԺΪ½ᷴԣû뵽½뵭صͷӦˣãҰȥ
⡭ǰʶҪ
½뿴ᣬóһԿ׻˻ΣûµģѾǰúϢ㡣
ͯԺ⣺
ͯǲ
ݣ
ˣ


109 
ʲôʱģ
ҰĵĶǲԤı
ǼҶŰ, ҰĵĶôѾڸ÷أ
Īǵװ޵ʱѾˣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ͯԺͯǲɻǰˣϴžȣʲôʱѽ
ͯ·ӵʱ򣬾ˡ½˵
ͯԺͯǲѾ˵ʲô, ҰĵĶȻԤı
½ʣҪҪȥ
⡭ǰʶ˿ͯԺ, Է˵, Щ, ˵ĻҲסˡ
ǰʵȥġ
½ôµķӣĺܺʲôӡ
ȥȥɡ½ջ΢ҲһЩ߲һ㲻𣿡
ǰûһͷͯԺ, һҧصͷȥ
½Цˣֻͷ̬º͵ĺͯ˴к, ǣǰţȥ
ʣͯ
ͯǲأ½һʵ̫ˣȻͼյǶȥ
ͯԺ俴һ, б½̣Ҳõİ˹ߣ
ͯǲû˵ˡ
Ͼڱ½ǰ·, Գ
ڼüα½ŪһȻ֧ͦһġ
ڼ˵֮ӡǲܺͱ½ȵ, ϾѾͲˣ
, ̽˵ҪȻȥӻ
ͯԺ⣺ȻûȥӰɡ
̫ˣ
Լҵ۰ײԼܵ˼ҵȦȥˣ
, ֱ½ҰĵĶ̫ƣ
ͯҵĶԻǰ֪, ű½ߵڵķӣۿ׷ӵĴţ˵ƴȥ
ͯһķӶǱ˵ģСҲǾѧܱĸСǱǴƽ㡣
ԭͯǼƻģѧıСҲԶͯԺ룬ǾúѧҪС
С£һֻһһݣ¥Ҳߣ൱
С˵ʲôġ
׷Ӻǰܰװ޲һ׷ӵװе巿׼׼ģûжĺۼ
Ķð쵹ǺȫܶණǳɶԵģҲոµġ
ǰɵĪģͺˡ
½롭
½᣺ⷿҲ·ûסˣװֻǼ򵥸˸ģĶһõġ
һ仰ᣬǰͺ졣
½뿴Ͱ˵˾䣺··ҲԸȥⷿӦôණɣ
˵꣬Ͱյҧס˴
½ȴЦЦ̧֣ķǼҪס꣬Ҳ׼һֱˡ
ǰãȻ
Ѿͷ˵ãǸһʱ䣬Դг۰ٷ֮ʮļ۸½뵭˵Ʋ֪Լ¶һը.һ㡣
ǰ˲Ϻߺˣס½䣬Щżôô嶯һôôķӣ
ǾѧܱߵѧֳⷿĹ󣬱½ôһ
ǰòУû˵ָϽ˵ǿϵԼȡҲûסӦûģзĵ绰ɣھʹ򣡡
½ôģǵЦݸ߸᣺û£ҼȻôԼȻġ֮ǰһѾвٽˣںʦһĿҲֺܷ첻١£ҡ
ңǮϵģǮǮ졣
½ްյ̣Ҫǰһ֣ܹӵõĶΪ˸·źż
ǰ΢˿ҪǱ˵һôһ׷ӣܲţڱ½룬ŵġ
ֻǣǰǵǣ᲻̫ˣٴĿֺ죬ҲӵģǲһԽӺܶ
˽
½Ц˵ҿӦҪ⣬Ҵ㿴䡭
֣ǰȥװεķ䡣
ǰ֪תƻ⣬ģҲƭ
ǣֻܹɴŵģﻹ㣬ԼжǮţ
֪ľͲסƵˡ԰Ǯʡ
ȵ귿䣬ǰ磬½գСѾͷˣ˵ܽġ
ܽʲôѽǰɲΪǮ̫Ҫˣ߻һЩǮȻ£ܴյǵ㡭
½һ٣ͣǰϣҲͻȻЩˣרעؿ
ǰϽ˵ɲܾܾ
½ͻȻЦˣȻܺãЦֳ磬ҲܾҶ٣ն٣ʱдǵ֡
ǰ
-
½ȻסڸڣסͯʵҲûʲôϵʱ򣬰᲻ͯԺĺб½緹
緹һȥѧУһԷȵŵʱ˽Իݡ
û
ԴˣͯԺǳ⣬ٴνͯǲһ١
Ҫұ½ҰģҲᣡңҲ㽫ˮ¥̨Ļᣡ
ָͯǲĶͷǳ
˱ľ͵ӣƽʱͯǲҲ÷ǳˣٿ½ʱ򣬱ֻ̾ͯǲ
ôôô
ͯǲӣǳû˵
-
ȥԷˣʦ½뿴ֻվʦ˵
̳½ٵȵȣһβˣʣµȥ£ʮӣ
½ҡҡͷȳԷ
̲ס²½ҷǸԣûʱ򣬴ȥԷ㶼ȥҪɻˣ״򲻶ҪȥԷ
Դˣڷǳ
ĸǱ½ᶨΪʦĿûкСŮѳԷҪ
˵׼ʱߣôס
š½Ӧ漴ԽʦЦЦ˳ȥ
ʦ
ʲôţ
˵㻹Ϊǿ𣿣
ʦ൱ԹǸŮѡ
ϧϵģҪҲǼϵģ˻һɻֱ
-
ʦ뷨½벻֪ոյǰϢ˵ҪȥԷñ½Լȥš
½ûлظֻȥʳôͣʵߡ
ʵ棬ǰڰ򾢼¼ݣȻæš
½ҲûгվſڵţŵʮӣʱЪЪǰҲע⵽½ˡ
¶ԹȳԲôͷˣôҲң
һԡ½ЦŻ˻ϵķУģĻ
ǰЩɣ߻һҪȡ
޽ڣҲһݣǵʺ÷˿⣬Ͻ˻ܼ½ųɱﵡ
򾢶ˡ
ʺ÷˿ϲԵĲˣͶ½ôһᣬĶܵˡ
ϵ飬һԷ
ǰ¶Цݡ
ʵԱߵİ칫Ҳ򾢵ģ칫ҲСвˮ䣬а칫СͻҺͷһŴϢ
˾ڻҳԷ
ͻᵢ飡򾢳Ҳ̣ǳֱ׳
½һûֻǽһеݸ򾢡
ǰˣ̱죬˵ʦҸΪǺãͷʡ£ǵ£
ỤšѾ򿪲ͺг
½뽫Լϴ򿪵ĲͺУһ˫ѾĿһݸǰ
ǰӹȴǿ򾢣ʦʵʵ˵
򾢷˸ۣû
½ǡ۵׵ЦԽŨֽԼ棬ǰԵĸȥ᣺԰ɣȥɻ
ҲǡǰԼﱡ½ϲԵģҲЩȥ
һ˵Żһ߻вˣܣǡ
ææ
æԵ⣬ֻء
ѽѾԵùˣٸˣҸƭң϶æ
ӦͲæ
аɣ㣬Եϲ
ţóԡ

ؿǣֻС£ʵ
ֱ꣬ڱ󣬴󲽾ߡ
ʦԱ˰ǰʡ
Աˣ򾢶˶٣ֲ˾䣬ҲԿ㣬ᡣ
˵꣬˾߳ȥȥ˸ڡ
ǰ졣
½뿴΢΢Щӿ죬Ͻ˵ʦֱǺ㡢㲻Ҫ桭
Խ˵ԽСֻΪ½ЦԽá
-
ǰϷ˺ܶ飬񲻽ǳ꣬һ̬ϵת䣬ӲԵᶨĿꡣ
ʹܣٵȻ
ֻ˺ͱ½֮仹û뵽ôǰԣ˳
½Ҳżֻͬһ㣬һѧһԷᵽϲҲûзҪΪǵĹϵҪһ𰸡
ǰʱòãҪܾ½ĺãÿԷ¶įʱǰ̲ס
׼ߴ硣
ٽѧԹǰ˵Ȼȥɣңˣ˵ҪѧУ
ǱϾʶ꣬ϵܲһûǷϢʱǰҲͬˡ
½üͷһ壬ƽŶҺһȥɣǺܾûˡ
ǰڵͷǷϢûİӦѽ
ǣһѧУſȥ
ԶԶģɹһǳǻ֡
ֺܹſֱۣЦݲá
½֣˸סûסǰ
Ҳû⣬ɲסţֻǰЦòããҲҿˣǻûзֿôأ
⻰ҪǰǰʲôԣϾСӣһֱô˵ġ
½ԱߣĪģǰЩ顣
ûҿ½룬Ͻʣ賿ǻмſѧôô磿
Ҳ˵㡭¡Цɲã۵й⣬ⲻǶھУһCУڼҺҰȥ˾ȥˣǰˡ
ǰҲã׼סУ𣿡ǰʡ
סУʼ磬û취ҰǿɲУҵסУˡ
˵ţ̧ͷ˿ѧĴţΪпǶھѧϧҲܺһѧˣҿѧɣ
ǰ˸ۣЩǲڵһƾѧ𣿶ҸѧУҲҪѡѧУרҵ
ǵģڵһƾѧ
ǸǰһϾѧѡ˵һƾѧ
뵽ͻȻɫؿǰһ棺ãлл㣬ллȰѡһƾѧ
֮ǰ߿һҪǰһѧ
ǸʵЩٺרҵѡģֻѡܵԣǵδȴǹ滮˵ġͯǲһע̡
ҲԸ⾭̡
ǰ£ǰȰһ־Ըһƾѧ
һƾѧרҵշֺܸߣǸǲ๻ģһ־ԸǸֲ֪ܱܲ¼ȡ
ѧʱ̫ڱ󣬼ȻҲй滮͸ýΪԼԺ»
ʱ䱦˷ѣ
ǵʱʵ̫Ը⣬ǰϢʱ򣬱һֱʾҪһϴѧ
ǰʱȻԼҲкܶෳգȴǻʱ䣬Ȱһ䡪ѧΪԼŬҲΪԼ
ӣһп
ʱֻǰһѧʲôרҵԺòõõֻҪǰһѧ͸ˡ
еŬΪ˺ǰͬһѧ
ǶʱִͦģǰȰΣ侲ΪԼΪ˱ˡ
յױ˵һƾѧ
֮ưȥ˾ʵϰʼ֪Լ֪ʶжǷȱԼҪѧģ̫̫ࡣ
ǰ˵öԣһƾѧǲʺĵط
ǵĸĸѡҲǾ˫˫޳ɣûŬ֮ǰҲֻȥͨĲƾѧѧ˾ӦһЩ
û뵽ǸΪǰˣ
ȻԼ˵һƾѧ
ǵȻǷǳ˵ģ˰ԼҲ֪һƾѧǱȾѧʺĴڡ
ֻǲٺǰͬһѧУ֪Ҫٶټʱ䡣
ǰţЩ˼ͷѽ賿㲻ҪôֻһӦģ
ѡ֣΢΢һ⡣
ܿ¶ЦݣᶨӰóһӣݸãǸ㿴ϲϲ
ǰһ㶣һãȻ㻹Ҵﰡ
ǵȻṩ˺õĽ飬Ҹлѽ˵ôȻ
Ǻðɣҿʲôǰ֣ӹӴ򿪡
һܺÿСɾ£ֻǡ׹Ǹεġ
ǰգգ۾
ϲҪϲʹŰɣǼ˵
ǣŮЩаɣ½ģǵ۾ȴǳ䡣
һ㶣ŽƵһֱվǰԱߣȴԵı½ϡ
ʱԷվǰԱߵƣԼٲȻһϡǵģʾǰܡ
üͷͬò˵߻ӱ½롣
֮䣬һ˲ء
ǰӣһɽ
˵ֻһл
ôô£
۾УͻȻ˾䣺׷ãʲôеģʲôݺʲôʸأ
ڹ˾ǲжˣҲϬˡ
˸ӶߣվţأжѺá
⻰һŵǰϵĺӶڵϡ
գȴΧһ˲˸


110 
Ǻͱ½, Ǵ粽ãʵǰգǴԼ
Ҳ̫ʽ˰, ôͻȻ˵أ
Ӧһ, ˧ˣȻʽıףܹһٽøж, Ȼӵ
һ, ˵˳
ֱ½룡
ǣǵԽϬ
½뿴ǵҲǳĮոǾ仰ȷʵñ½޴ӷû취ѵֱ׳ǣҲԸԸʡ
ҲˣǳΪȴȫûʸֹ
֮, ԽԽ, ̡
ǰҲڻع, ʶϵĺӶǣǺһ㡣
ǣ㲻ҪҿЦǰݺݵһۡ
½ɫʱÿˡ
Ҳ˲٣ǰо΢˳Щ
Ǳ죺ҿûпЦȷʵлģŰɡ
ֱͣǰٴθо
ҲҪǰ͵ҡͷ͸˰ɣҾȰô仰, òĸл
ٴ˳, Աߵı½΢ͷ
˵пֵд, ôѽҪǲҪҲûͣ
˵꣬Ӳ˵ţҽͲˣˣ
ûǰ˵Ļᣬһ̾ˡ
ǰ
ʶ˿½룬ԷҲϵǳơ
ǰӣӺϣǸҸỹǻȥɡ
Խ˵ԽС
ǰҲ֪Լʲô½ţúܡ
Σ½ڻ˾䣺á
ǰ³һ
-
뿪Ժֱȥ˵һƾѧֱȥͯǲ
Ӵ賿ˣͯǲþûˣ̲סЦļ
˿Ƕֵܡ
ǿɹ˲ɣ̱ʣǰͱ½ʲôϵôо֮䲻̫ԣ
̫ˣͯǲһۣ˵½׷󰲰
ǣ
һǲ𣿣
⻰ͯǲͲˣ̲ס˵ͱ½ûйϵҵãǱ½ģ
ǣðɣҲȷʵá
ֻǡ
һֱã
ԾɣҸ֪ʱҲˣû뵽½뾹ȻǸ˼ͯǲһ̾
ôûѽ
㶼׼߿ִһӰ쿼ԣǿôѽͯǲ˵ǳ
¹ӰǸ߿Ӱǰ߿ǳģȻܽ˵
Ǵվԭأһ˫۾Щ
˿̣Խǻ䱡½ǰദԽǾͷǳࡣ
ԼԴһաôû㷢أ
üξò̫ԣϧնѹ
ͯǲǶʼԼԼϽο䣺賿Ѿˣ뿪ɡ
ҧгݣһҪȡ
Բñ½ǸĻóԸ
һ뵽Լ½뵱ɴֺùԽҧгݡ
û뵽
ӾȻУ
ͯǲԣգգ۾˵賿㲻áͱ½ûʲôʤ𣿡
ǣҾԲܷ˵ǻûһ𣬾һˣҲȥһأ
ϲǰ£ͯǲ½롢ȻǼ˭֪
ڸеʱͱַǳˣҪµø߿˵ˣ
û뵽бҵ²УȻбѾʼˡ
Ǹԭͺǰϵõı½룬ҲԲģ
ʤ㲻ҲһҪȡ
-
ϣǰʵ뿪
½Ѿվ¥ˣ첽ǰȾ𣿡
ûС½ҡҡͷҲոյ
˵ʱû뿪óһӡ
ǰ
͸㡣½Ľڶңֱӵݸǰ
ǰһ±Ƶش򿪣һµһ׹Σһϸϸӣֺÿ
½룺ɡ
ǰǳΣ˱½һۣЦΣôҲһҶ˵лһỹǵģҲңҲġ
㣬Űɡ½Ž
ǰɴֱ˵ֻҴ͵ɣ
߰ɣؼҡ½˵ţֽӹŲԵ˲١
ǰϽ׷ȥ˵ţ治㲻Ҫ˷Ǯòã˵ҪǮ𣿡
û£㡣½ᡣ
磡
½ǲǳִǰһΡ
ȵ˼ңǰصϴ֮󣬴˯£һ߲ͷһߵױ̨ǰ¡
뵽ʲô˳
ûп͵˱½͵
·ƻ谵ֻܿܺÿĵƹ£ſжˡ
˵ĶÿҲ˵Ķˣǰ߿ȥ󣬾Ʋߡ
˺һֽԼĲϡ
žֿ˺һҲôôÿ¶Цݣ۵ӯЦ⡣
ûһֽЦȡŻغ档
ǰĬĬϴ߿컨壬֪ʲô
-
ңѧУ½½ѧˡ
ѧԭѧˣҲ½½ĺ㽺˾ѧ
ܶ˵һôԶ׶ִַǵĽŲãȻڴ
ڣڸվӭǡ
ÿУмһ죬ľͯǰˡ
ȥʱ򣬱½ѣܶע⵽ˣ֮ûж
ɽУһ󣬱½־ʵ̫ˡ
ĳɫ㲻ǺͬһѧԺҲѲ֪
ͬ컹һȻͬǷ
ͬʱ߿ɼ֮ǰͱ½Ǹѣ㹻˵ע
һǰһ˫״Ԫ˫𽱣˫ա
Ǵи½ġŮѡҲˣûУǰѾѧʶˡ
˵ܲܽӵͯǰǲǺƬһÿĳλӭѧʵ
̾˷˸ۣǳ㶼̳𣿡
ʲô
ͯǰУˣһֱ򾢽ѧϰҪͨȥӭӵģ
򾢽ڣ
Ǹ˵ƢΪƢûԺʿƼľѧ棿򾢵ˮƽǹԺʿˣΪȫЩ飬ִˣԶûԸƼ
һƼһ٣˵鷳
ǵģ֪Ǹ򾢡
ͯǰţơ
ĳᡣ
ҾȻͯǰһᣡһŮǳ
ʱһŮöԼҳһ˽Ҳո⻰˵ͯǰǵ𣿣
ѧҲ̽ͷʣλĸͯǰġ
ѽ㿴ĴλӦѾ˰ɣҲ֪ƢôϣҪ̫ˣ
Ҿͦģ㿴֮ǰųƬûôЦˣҽϵLʡأ
ҽ콿Mʡġ
˵꣬ҶЩ֪˵ʲô治ѧ˵ļҳһһһûһ˵
ỹŴ̺õģĴףҲѧУͳһŵġ
ͯǰͬѧĴ̺ˣôûƷأӶǿŵġ콿Щʡ
ע⵽Ҳ¶顣
ʱһű㣬ѼñŮ˽
ֲڶͷ˲ٺһͳһѽ
Цſˣü˵ͯǰΪʲôûж𣿡
ǡЩãȻ֪ҪҪҽܡ
ǹһһӽСŵʱ򣬿ǳƣ˵ŶǵʧˣǿܼͯǰסУⴲλ޹̺ܰõġ
һ㶡
ãȻǡѵ˶סУ𣿡
٣ͨˣǹһü˵ͯǰɲͨˣȻҲ־Ը¼ȡģôѵ⣬739Ǹʲô˵ɣ¼ȡѧУһѣŴҲһѡסУǾѧŴλȻΪѧæżҪѧУϢеطס
콿ֱˣ⡢ôţơ
иţƵأҴϢλѧѣԺ϶и˳Ծ飡ѧԣѧʹҲһ
֣ҽˣҽгhϵ
콿ҲϽҽܣֻǿдšͯǰֵĴλЩʧҲ͸žη
ȵ뿪ȥԷ콿˼ҳǵһ󶽴٣ǶҪúѧϰͯǰΪ
̾ĬĬͷ
ڸԵѧУѧԣ˶ѧԵѧУ棬ֻͯǰѧ񣬲ɣ
-
ǰ֪Լſα
ǵģſα
༶ѾֺˣαҲѾֻҪѵ֮ѧſʼտαϿΡ
ǰһ򾢽ܶණѧٰտα׼׼ȥϿΣԾ˷ʱ䡣
Ǳ½룬һ°ѧͼȥһĿϿΣżûڴĳЩרҵϡ
Ȼ˶ôϿΣȻЩĲſԡ
½ǽǰͲ˵ˣֻҪžѧУ˵ԼѧУ͸ǰһʸ
ѧĶѧУǲģÿѧǶĸ壬ܶ࿴ѧУöѧãͻͨ
ȻǰĩԱﵽרҵǰʮһĳƷŴȫȡ
½ѧڶѧԺһǾͲ˵ɱԼĽࡣ
ǰҪԼԼʦúſΣһʦܶæģָϣܹһۣǰˡ
ˣ
ǰֻԼţб½Ϊοھѵ֮ǰź˿α
ѵʱǰһͬѧǵС
ĳЩˣ´źһģһľѵҲǸⲻͬġ
ǰһ˾Ͷžޡ
вкǰǻܣǫ
ǣŮһƺѧУˡ
ѡǰҲʶˣദĻǲǳhǰϵܲʲô֪Уãͷ·Ѿ˾ѧаһ㡣
ѵϢʱϲյǰԱߣ˲١Ϣ
-
ȵѵԭͬͬѧǰͯǰٴ
Щκټϣ˵ſΰɣЩʱֻǽſαȽ½ڵʱˡ
Ȼ¿֮󣬻ʦ
ʦ̬Ⱥܺúȴ֣ҪѧҲǾǡ
ǰǺæҴҶҴ뿪ʱרҵʦĿãЩʱڴĿϡ
֮Ƿǳء
ǰǰ˳ȻҲ˱ʾ϶ѧõģŸ߿ɼãΪȵĩԣ˲ͻᱻԭεġ
ǰϵõѻæۣh˵ˣĩԾ֪ˣ
ڶѧԣʵȥעˣȥ˻ǶרѧϰڸԵѧУ֮ӣԸⱻ˱ȥ
ѧ˺ܶ࣬ѧҲǳˣʼҪ̸ˡ
úÿŮǸĿǰ飬ҴææҲǻᱻҪ΢źš
½о飬һ䡪ӡ
ûкˣΣҲûʲôҪϵʽˡ
ǰȻûôᡱҲһζûܾرҪģˣŻ
ͱ½һʱȻ˿ûǰҪϵʽ
ǰ˵˵ҪϵʽЩѧ󵨵飬״ҶΪͯǰͱ½롱һԣûֱӱ׵ġ
ºܶ˶ǳϲֵ
-
ǰΪһֱôæƽΪ׵˳֡
û뵽б׵ġ
⼸챡½һҪѧУֻǰԼһȥԷ
¥ȥ緹ʱͻȻһˣһõ廨Ļ
ãϲ㣡׵ģ
ǡ
ǰˣһ˫۾
ΧѾв·ѧóֻ
ãϴα̫ʽˣʽ׵ģ
ȻЩɬˣ·˵ӸпʼҾһֱϲ㡣֪䲻㣬Щꡭ
רע棬һ˵֪䲻㣬ЩҺŬĽŲȥʵ࣬ĽŲУ˺ܶΪԶ顣Ψһûиϵģûбѧѡ˸ʺԼĵһƾѧ
ãĺϲ㣬˵ǰҪһ֡ԸһᣬһֱչԸĻԸһᣬ׷𣿡ǿ
ô棬רע
һ޷΢΢Щͷؿǰ۾˫۾лҡ
Ҳúܺÿ˷ͣôô˧żǻҪÿ
ǰ̧ͷû˵ʲôֻǡ
õ廨ͻȻʹһһ
Ѿʲô񾭣ˣ
һ߶㣬һġ
ѽ㣬㣡
⻨д̣㣡


111 ˵
ǰҪ, ߳ʵ¥ŵʱԴŵǸո޽ڸ֪ʶмȽѶȵĵط, ˼ҲŸոЩͷ
ȻǾͻȻð, һ˲, ŵǰһ顣
ոաסʱǰԶڵ״̬, ûеһʱֹ
ҪǱˣǰ侲ת˱ǡ
, ǰʶ, ദ꣬ھӡ
ǰʱڹϵõͬѧ, Ҳǡʢٺ¶ˡ
ǵĹϵá
, ع, һٱᡣ
ǻںСã㣡
ΧȺڡˡ
-
ǰǶСĴ£ţ죬Ѿǳûǰʱôȡ
ģɻ̫, ѧ˯, Ƕ, һҲۡ
һһ, С
ǰҧһС, 賿, ʲôûУ
껹ЩڣҪ˵ǣҲ֪
ǵûУʵҲǺۣѾûоˡĨ˰Ѷͷĺģôţ紩򵥵Ͷ̿㡣
ŶǰӦ
ΣССҧһС߿ǰҶ᣺賿ϲˣҶûŮ֮飬ֻѡ
΢΢һҧСĶЩٻȻĲɡ
û˵
ǰŤͷ棺賿ġ
ҲŤͷ˺һ˵ϲ½𣿡
Ҳ֪ǵͷҡҡͷӣ֪ϲҲ֪Ҷʲôϲ
ҡ硣
Ҫһ
֪ľᣬ˳ǣһŵдһ˿Ρ
ã㲻֪ܲܺͱ½һҪȻҺһɡֻ֮飬һԣҲϲˣҲܡӶ֮ˡ
⻰΢ˡ
һҲŵ˵Ļ
ôһˣϲʱϲֻ󡭡һԡ
ڴţһһþϲأ
ڴǱ΢
ǰ¶죬漴˵賿ô룿
Ϊʲôô룿ϲ㣬ϲϲӸһϲˣҪ㣬Ҫ˵ЦҾЦҲܡϲѧϰӣϲ˵ӣϲЦӡЩɳơ
һһΪͬʱ٣ʱûǻ飬ʱûʲôġ
ڻǾʱҸˡ
ÿؽҾܿżŭżΣΪص㡭
һҪΣշٵʱ򣬴Ц˵ʱ򡭡Ѿϲˡ
һϿΣһѧؼңһ𲹿Σһ֣һμӱ
ÿһݼ䶼ǵÿһĻôʻ
·Ҳ
֪Լĸ飬ʱֻҪһÿؽҶΪЩڴ顣
ͯ¼һҹ󣬿ʼǡʼ£ؽԼһط
ǰվǰ侲ظûȥֲ
֪ϲȫ꼶ǰһ٣ʮൽһ࣬ӶеһƾѧCеС
ʱ䣬·
֡
ǲԼ΢ֻԼʧȥδõʧȥ
ԭΪǳ꣬ǳˣпܺǰһˣĽܱĭ
ȴû뵽Ǳҵǳ󣬾Ϳǳʧȥˡ
½롭
¼ˡ
Ϊ֪Էȣֻ಻١
ǿǰ۾˵ãԣ𣿡
ǰ򴽣ȴᶨҡҡͷ
ԡǣԣǶĲΣҲǶԼĲΡֻѣԸⶦѣԲǸƷ
ǰȷԼԱ½ĸ飬Ϊĸ飬Լж飬ǰ顣
ȷ顣
Ȼ飬ǾͲܳΪ£Ҳԡ
ûг飬ǶǵĲΣҲǶԼĲΡԱ½ǰ飬ҲǶԱ½ĲΡ
һβεĸ飬ͲӦôڣӦܾ޿ܡ
û˵
ǰ֣ļ򣺡賿ӦŵǣǲΪ˶ίԼǡ˽㣬ǽģӦΪκˣñ΢㣬ҲܽҶûŮϲ۹ⲻá
˵ʱЦüĿ续Ц⣺賿ԱϲˣԺϲһϲĹúҸġ
ָϸÿֻģֺܿջء
һǾת˲š
һҲûУʡ
ǰҡͷᶨ˵ûܡ
ͻȻǳ˳Ц֣˱ǰ
ǰһ㶣ʶ
˵𶯣Ӿͺá
ǰûˣȴҲɿ֡
˵ǰϲ㣬һҲڣǸܺúܺõŮϲ㣬Ҳҵˡ
ǰ˺һҲЦʶ㣬Ҳúˡ
꣬ĵѡ
żɣܳǣż᷸ɵĺܺá
Ǳͷڰ֣߰ɣȥԷɡ
أ
ҳԹˣҰѱܳߡЦЦЦݸӡ
ǰͷӦ֮ת뿪
֪ʵûгԷ
ᡣ
֮أ
ǼǺһȥԷ
ȻΪʲôҪټأ
ǰһӿŲ뿪
ǴѾ˵ıܡ
ǰԵġ
ľһڿڳ֪꣬ǰܾģ֪Լһʧܡ
ˡ
룬Ǳһ˿ڴҪǵãǸ¥±Ż׵Լ
ĺϲǰǳǳϲ
˿̣ҪصУֻǸʱǰôô
룬ҪԼҵ֮ûCоôֱУ½ǰദĻᣬǲǡпˣ
뵽Ц
ôпء
½õĸ飬񡭡治Բһŵġ
֪½ϲǰһ̣ӲҲ֪ԼҪʧȥǸδõŮˡ
ǲϲǰ
ʱڣϲһʶĿˣȻΪϲԼǰΪ飬ߵ˲λãԼ˸ˡ
ϲãøá
һܺõĹϲøãͯǲ磬Ҳøá
ǶΪԼӣҲһõˡ
ֻǡ
֪ʧȥһ˵ĸܣʹ
̧Ŀڣ߿ǰ뿪ķѾǰıӰˡ
صУصǸʱֻѰȴޱȻӡ
泳֣˿飬֣ɫУȴÿԱŵǰβֱ˼һ⡣
ոմͷǺԴڿϣͷԱŵŮµĲ
ۣۿ˳
á
-
Թǰֱӻʵҡ
ЩӣûŮ֮ģҪһλѣҲᵣ
ֻϣ뿪߳
ʲôأʡ
ǰҡҡͷûʲôʦĲѾ㶨ʲô
Ѿˣ
ˡ
򾢲ؿһۣ˵ҲæһֵĹҪõĶҲѧôˣԼĥĥСǼ𡣡
ǰǳ𾪣˵ʦҶ𣿣
ȻҲ˰㣬Ҳܣʲôʱ꣬ʲôʱȥдģȻݸҡ 򾢰ڰ֣һܼ򵥵Ҫһ㡣
ǣ
ʵǷǳֺѶȵһ֣
ǰԲ۾̲ס˵ʦҾѧĻ̫ǳˣҪõСǼݣĿǰûӦļ㷽ʽ
Լȥѽû껹һ꣬Լڵûм㷽ʽԼƵһʽ
ǰ
뵽Щ򾢹ʽһ򾢹ʽ򾢶һ򾢶
ͣ㡣ļ
ǰʦ𣡣
һʲôû˵ͷȥˡ
ǺæµҪ̫̫࣬ЩգԵòôҪ
ż̾ʵϣʱΪΪæµš
-
Ů񱩴ߣ
ͼƬ̳ʱв˻ظ
û뵽ŮȻ˱
ʿ
˵ͯǰòѣеôףôҪ
ǰģĽ˰ɡ
Ժû˸סѽȻǸã
еĺ˧˧ôû
ǵһƾѧУ֮һҲǽգǲ֪
ձ׶Ҫ򡭡ϲŮˣϴϴ˯˰ɡ
ֻҾúܿɰ𣿡
Ҳáǳɰˡ

̳Ծһ磬ʱӱɾˡ
ڴҲûôϣɾҲɾˣûȥ˵ʲôҲûٷ
ֻ֪˵һ䡪ѧУӶҪɾ
ʵϵɾˣڵǰ棬ϵͼƬİ
½֮Ҫϵǰȴ˸ӣһ֮ɾӡ
ûסֽƬ˳һ濴š
ǰõ廨ǵģĿŭüŻϡ
ôСŲۣĴ̻һ㣬Ҳǲܵʹǲ̲ˡ
ţһһ߰ǰ
˴֣ô䡣
Ǻ㣬Ҳ˧ǰϲԸ񡭡Ҳɣ
һʱϲ֣ΪǻᶺģƤ֡
Լ塣
ǰԼһʱô֡
ԴԼʾϲ֮ô׽ӱܡ
½Ŀڳۡ
ʧȥǰһ˿һҲܣǰ
½ϵԣŻվߵʵ¥棬ûȥֻվ棬š
ҹЩˣܶ˳ס
½վǶһоҲûУƵһ㡣
Ҳ֪Լ˶ãһֱȵǰ¥Ŷ˶ԼѾӲ塣
ǰдŲ죬첽ǰ˺ܾ𣿡
½ҡҡͷڵЩɳƣûеȺܾãæˣ
ţæˡǰͱ½һߣһ˵ţʦʵ̫ˣȻһĿһҪ飡֪ǲּ㡭
ʼ߶ţһ˵̫ˣһ˵ͷԣ׼ٶȥһЩεȵȡ
½֪ȻϣͻᾡһŬȥá
ÿ˵Щ£½;ܰǿŹ¼šģǱ΢ḧ
ȻЩĲɣ˵һͻȻ̲ס֣סǰ֣Ĳһ˲ʵ
Ȼǰȴ͵س֣Щεؿһۡ
½ģֱһֻʹϢŲš
ǰű½ͻȻЩ԰׵죬ֲ֪˵ʲô
Ǹ׺飬ϲⱡ½ģϲ⣬ûŮ
ǰЩֲ
һԼҲԱ˸飬ûŪ֮ǰͱ½Ů֮ദʽ
ǰͷһЩʱ䡭òá
½볶˳ǣɳƣʹࣺá
-
ܳһʱ䣬ǰûгȥ棬ĩҲһֱʵоҪɵĲ֡
㶼ҪѧˣȻҸƱԺʿ磬ȥ߰ɡͯǲһεؽƱǰ
ǰ۾һȥ
ѧУ£á˭ȥɡͯǲ˸ۡ
ҪѧУ£Ų½ᣡ
ȥǰ£Ҳֻб½ǰܷġ
ǰͷվȥ˸š
иȥ𣿡ǰʡ
룬˵ҪȻʳhȥȥ㲻ѧ
½ѧͽڣæôܹأ
ϰһµ顣
Ѿϰʲôұ½룬ʲô߱½룬Ҳʲôű½롣
ȥʵҲƱ½һεشӶóƱ
ǰһ㶣۾΢ۣ㾹ȻҲƱô˵ѽ˵ͲȻƱˣ
ҪҪɣҪͻ½ҡҡͷ΢΢ЩźԭҪһϲ
ʵϡб˻ǰ
ǳɣȥȻ˵һƱǰ˵ֻ꣬𼱻ת뿪
½öһֱŵͻȻЩתˡ
Ʊ
Увͬɣ
ΪһЩϸ֦ĩ棬ѰҰȫС
-
ڶ磬ǰ¥ûеȵ½˺һյһϢ
磺ʱȥˣȻȥɡ
ǰһ㶣Ϣ
½ǸмƻˣʲôŻͻȻıƻ
ǰ֪Լ飬ӦԼȥر飬϶ˬԼġ
ͻȻЩģ½ǱǷʲô
ǰ߰ɣԶԶģȻ첽


112 ½
ǰҲǰ, ߵȻǰʱżʣȻ磬֪Ҹ籡½ȥĶ𣿡
Ȼ˶, ҡҡͷ㶼֪ô֪أ
ðɡǰֻӦˣüǵġ
·, ½绰, û˽ӣǰе
˺ܿ쵽˵ط, ҵԼλá
ǵƱλúܺ, ǰŵм䣬ƽӾͿԿεԺʿҲ÷ǳ
ǰûǰ棬ԼҲܹо
Ȼţɼűʼ, ɽԺʿĶȫԼ֪˼άԶǰԾ
ƽʱĽĴһǸ߶ȻԾ, ʦĶһ, ܶҪ֪ʶ
ɴʱĴ˼άһռһ֣ʹȫû취ͬô˼άԾ
ڵı½롣
-
СʱĽܿ, ǰȻȺ˳ȥ
ǳĬͣߡ
ǰͷĲɡ
Ȼֲڶ, ˽·, ôˣĲɵġ
û¡ǰҡҡͷ, 漴ԲȻ磬ȴЩ񡣡
СѾͷôأѧΪͲҪ˽֪ʶ𣿡Ȼ̧֣˹ǰıӣг硣
ǰͷһů
ΪʲôƱٵһǸмġ
ǰ˵ֻǳĬš
Ȼͣ½ţתһؿǰʲô²ܸҽ𣿡
ǰŲһ١
ʲô˵ͻЩҲһ¡ڵı½룬ͬʱҲ֪ôͱ½ĹϵɣȻ۾Ȼ
ǰͷʶض˶
Ȼֱָؼ½ϲ㣬ŪԼĸ顣
ǰû˵ȻҲû˵ˡ
Σǰͷ
̧ͷȻԷȻᡣ
һֱȻǸ磬Ȼ뱡½롢ͯǲôиġ
εķ£룬ԶȻ˵˵ѰȻİ
ʲôվͻұ½εķա뱡½йء
ͯԺͯǲͲ˵ˣȻõԶ뱡½Ĵ𰸣͹ۡ
ֻȻԿ͹۵ĸ
Ȼ磬Һ͸硭½һú𣿡ǰ̧ͷ档
Ȼı¶Цݣʲôǲһ𣿻һӰˣ
ǰж˵Ƿ滰
ڲһ飬޹أֲãöǡȻΥҲ˺ˣҪҪһԼ顣Ȼ棬һһ˵š
ǰ˼
ϲǡ㲻֪ϲõϲǰ˵ϲ
ǰҧסͷ
ǵģûͨľ⡣
Ҫģͱ½룬֮ĸ̫̫˺Ҳϡ
ԣûŪԼʱǲ½Ӧġ
ǰû취ش˽ı½ҲУֻ֪ԡǰԼİɡȻָָָԼࡣ
ǰãȻ̧ͷĿڣ
ѽû취ڱǶҵ𰸵ģ˽ı½ҲС
Ϊ֪ŻܣŻ壬Ż᲻֪롭
ǰĿڵճȭ·ü
Լġ
ϲ½ģʲôϲأ
Ȼٴѣһú˵𡣡
ΣٴˣԼϲˣҲûܹǡ
Ϊ̫ԲŻ£ŻΪӰ˼
Ǳ½ǰҲӲġ
ǰٴסüͷ˼Ȼ˵⻰
ãˣ
Ҫͱ½֮
˵
ǣ֣ӵǣ
ǰЩ죬뵽˱½Ǹǡ
Ǹ죬ӿǡ
ǰûһϲһ˹Ҳ޴ӱȽϣ½ԣȷʵ˶һ
ǣֵʱúܰģӵʱůżҲܺÿܡ
ȥЩ۵飬һӶòһ
½ԣǳ⡣
ܹһһ𡭡
ǰ룬ڴġ
Щ꣬ȻΪͯǰӰ죬Ա½ԭ͸
ҪҪãĻΪԼ
Ӹ磬ǶҪõģԷԼδ
ٵ໥ģЯǰУͯϻڱ½ϵһȻŭΪ
ڣʶҪҲΪһ仰һį۵˳
˵ϲ
ǰֻɿԽ
ʱȻͻȻ˵ǰмƭ㡣
ǰһ㶡
Ȼмѹʵ֪½ȥĶˣ
ɡ
ǰͫһֲõԤУһ˫۾ȻȻ硭Ҹôˣôˣ
Ȼʹ΢΢ǰ侲㣬½롭½ˣ֪ȥҽԺҲܼһ棡
䡪
һ˲䣬ǰԴһǱʲôشһ㣬һƬհףǰһۻҡ

һ棿
ʲô˼ǰˣǴӺ漷ļһ㣬㡢ƭң
Ȼ̾һۣǰǡȥһɡ
ǰǰһڣȻϽץ֪Ѿ
ȥȥҽԺ
-
ôǳˣ
ôܣ
ǰ·ֹͣһƬհףɥʧ˼
Ѿܿǳ߱½ĳΪʲôǳ˳

ܵģ
ǰôŻűȻ˼֢棬ͯǲվڼ֢棬Ҳڡ
ԭŵļֻɣһӾͱһĻˡ
ǰˣͯǲ¶죬ʶȻ
Էǰŵǡ
ǰ죬ȴ
ʱ򣬼֢ҵŴ򿪣Ƴһˣҽ̾˿ҡҡͷˡ
˸ŰײȻǡûȻ
ʿڸ˵ûȻⳡ̫ء
ĻǰˣһڵϣһƬհףԴǡ
ûȻ
ãȻرȻͯǲһֱŸŰײĲ
ֱʿҪ߲ǰŻŻѿǰڵء
ãȻץŲɳƣ磿˯ΪʲôҪ˯ţ
ϵ˺޷Ӧ
ʿ˵ڰ
⻰ֱǴǰĻ룬£ƭˣ
֣ȥ
ǰš
ű½ġ
ôأһֱһҪСĳôܳˣ
ôܻأ
ôʻһˣô뿪أ
ѵ
ıˣǻ֣
ǰԽǿ־壬ǱʹҲǾ
½룡㲻˯㲻˵ҪҸ𰸣Ҫһ㲻˵ҪһΪʲôΪʲôң
侲һ£ʿֻ¶
ǰѿץŲϵİɫ񣺡½룡ƭӣҺòϲ㣬Ұ㣬ΪʲôΪʲôأ
½룡˺ѷΡ
ǰһ֪ʲôǸγϣ룬ΪʲôԼӦ½أΪʲô㿴Լأ
롭Ϊʲôһߡ
һ˲䣬ϣˡ
Ȼ̱ڵϣץŴһֱţȴҽҿһۡ
ǰ󣬱½
ǰһ漴͵ػͷ
󣬱½дЦ⣬ôͦͦվǶ
ǰסɵɵ
磿
ͯǲ˵ǲǱ½룡½ǧ꣬ôأһ¶ҲûУ
ոͯǲ˵ˣֻȻס
ǰ΢΢һۿеˮѾͬߵš
գգ۾ֱֱǸ
½뻹ڡ
ǰŽӲŤͷƿӿۣ棬һİˡ
ʿϽָϣŮʿϴˡ
ով;Щ֣
ôƯСôߡ硱һ˵ʲôһ𣬻ʿոտǱһ
šҰ
ԶվŵǸ˧кӣžͨˡ
ԭѾͷ޵Ǹ˧磡
ǰ˲ˣվû
½Ͻǰ£޴룬żǰǰû°ɣԲ㵣ˣû£һ¶ҲûУֻϥǲһƤС顣
ҪֽǰסҪᡣ
ǰӿ֣һƴϡ
žһ졣
½һ㶣ǰûʹֻЩԾ
ǰֽ꣬סֻš˻ߵؿ˳ԶȸոջҪ޵ô
½ʱֻʣĿڳʹ۵ر˵ǰûˣûˣҸոպøˡ˵ϲҡҡ
˵ʱ¶ҸЦݡ
ʵǰʱͳˣֻǡǰĻ̲סˣ̲סվڱ˵ЩĻ
Ȼûһʱǰ
Уǰ廹΢΢š
˿̣ʼˣʹԸӡ
ӦģЩǰ΢ǰҲһ
ˣ½ۡ
ǰܹо¶ȣҲܹо½
һʱҲоԼŻ˹
½û¡
ǰָܡ
ճȭһߴһ߿ţ½룡Ҫôô֪Ҷൣҡҡ
ǰʵ˵ˡ
ոһ̵ϢУڷ·ɻڣ뵽;
ǰ룬Щᡢ꣬һҲҪˣͱ½ЩԵ΢
ʧȥ
ָʵ̫ʹˣ½ҪԣʵԼĻҪܽʧȥ
Ҫһȥһһӡ
֪ˣԲҴˡҵĴ½ָԴȥգԼ¶ȡ
½룬ǰ
ôһġ
УһҲߵһ죬뿪ȥĶ
»Ȫֱ
½ͷʲô顪
ԭ½ȷʵˣֻÿ죬ֻˡ
Ǹ˵ˣ˾ƼݣײһԵı½롣
Һñ½ÿ졣
˾ãٶ̫죬ԼԼײû
½ҽԺ飬ͯǲЩ¼¼ǰʱø˾˺üСʱȴǲȥ
иȻ绰οǰ
½û£ȵǰȥҲͻȥˣⳡǰ͸֪
½֪ǰ˺ᣬҲûи
ֻû뵽
ȻȻˣͼӴס
ǰҲ˷ʲô飬ӱ½뻳̧ͷݺݵȻ
Ȼƭң
ûƭѽȻʼ磬һ޹
˵˵ҽԺһ棡ǰԭÿ۾ΪúףҲſ޹΢졣
ѽȻͷ
Լ°ͣ˵
ǻ㣬½붼Ժˣ㵱Ȼϲϼһ棡
ǰҧгݡ
½ҲȻȻˡ
ðɣдȻϴ̬ã˵½ûңοռ˱ˣҲǰѽ
ֿǰдЦ⣺ǰԼԼ˼άסˣαӹš㿴ոգԼҪʲôʲô飬Ӧú˰ɡ
ǰû˵ҲĬˡ
ȻЦԽãˣҹ֣ҲԭҰɣ
ǰԼģ½һɣǰˣҲñ½ĻҲһֽԴϲ
վһԵͯǲ̾û˵ʲô
ոǿˣǰĺⱡ½룬ã֮ĸֱ˭ΪʲôҪأ
һˣʵ˶ݡ
ǵֻжԷΪԷǡ
ǰո˵Ļ𣿡½ᣬᣬֽǰ֣еǳԡ
ǰ΢΢ͷЩ˼βӦţ
½ϲ
ֽǰ˵ת
ǰǰ
ôϲɫĺҲˡ
ǰ磡
ţǰӦý˵ʲô½Ц۾ʢϲá
ǰһ٣漴ҲЦ
ովˡ𡱣һԵô
ǰԴţᡪ
½롣
-
⼸ôûлѽһֱš
ͯԺڰ֣ӦÿˣϾҪ¼
½ûϵҲ֣֮ӦҪ˶ðɣ̾
ͯԺһ빰ԼҰײ˵ȻûʲôƢ
һۣ½ôõĺӣֲ£̬Ⱥõ㣬Ҫٸɫˣǰôϲ
Ҫ֪Ҫ߰㿴ϲϲͯԺⴵӵۡ
ʱ
һۣ˵ǻˣ
ͯԺûסҲվӭȥ
ȽͯǲȻǰͱ½롭
ʮָۡ
½ǹλεЦݣǰЩɬ
ǰ֡衭
½룺裡


113 仯
ͯԺ⣺
½֣֮
ǿ˴󽱰ɣ
Ҳһ, 漴¶Цݡ
Ǻϲ½룬걡½ҪŮĴڣôɫ, Ȼܲϲ
ڣ½δŮΪŮ, ȻԽɫԽˡ
ûмȱ½ʺǰĴڡ
ͨ, ôȥأ
ǣֻЦ۾
ͯԺȴϹʲô˭֣
ͯ, ײĸ½Цݲ, ָĻԭĳƺ
ոһ, ҲֻΪ֪ǰһˡ
Ҳľʹ˸ĿڣϾǰٸĿҲ
ߣͯԺһûк߱½, ֻǰݡ
½ϡ
ѽԷ͵ǻˣЦкҡ
һ˺ܿһ
ͯԺͰһ, ½ȻȻǰԱߣȻͯǲҲ¡
½ǰ˱ˮ
Ȼ, ϸǰвˣԵ㰮Ե輦⣡
һûֻǵһۡ
ȻȻǺģ, 
, ôôûòأͯԺ⿴, ָ
ǲʲô飬ȻǿˣŻָǰȻָҲǷǳָ
Ȼæ˵ͯ壬ҵĴҪ˵ҡˡ
ͯԺ¶
ȻûֻͣεЦЦ룬ˣͯԺҪˡ
ϾԶ׼ǰ˱½ͶԷŮһ
ȻıֻҪǰԼôΪѡ
½Ҳڸǰвˣƫͷ˵ҪԷɣҲˡ
磬ǰûеܡ
½룬ôô壿Ȼü
½뵭һۣǰˣҲͲˡ
Ȼûĵģ
ǰ΢죬ƫͷ˱½һۣ¶Цݡ
֮䣬Ĭܡ
ͯԺ˲úǷʲôһԷԷ
ȵ극վű½˵ȥ鷿
ǰڰʰ꣬Եǵؿű½һۡ
ԷһġЦݣͯԺ⡣
ǰ뿪ķ൱ǡ
Ȼ̧һ£ûˣ½ҪⶼãԺôչ㣿
ͯǲͬصͷԣ㲻̫ˣ
ǰ̾ű½룬ô֡ӦҲɣ
ںͱ½һˣһִ֡
ѡ˱½һǾͻһ
ϾҲǺϲġ
ǰǻ¶Цݡ
ֽһͱƣһоͶ
-
鷿
ͯԺϣ俴ű½룬ûж
½鷿ܶˣȻȻظͯԺ⵹˱裬ǰ˵ͯȲ衣
ͯԺˮһڣط£½룬Ҫǰһһһ𣿡
ûȱ½뿪ڣ˵Ժʲôʱ飿ʲôʱСδǸʲôƻδԸʲôô֤ܹðһҸ
⣬֮з⡣
ͯԺ⵽Ǹоˣӵ̸о飬˿̵ı½ԾǶ֣ҪһѪ⣬ֻ
ǰҪվŵˣҲͳɹˡ
ǰǱ½롣
½ƽûʲôȴԿ˸ܵ棬ӷϲǰӾδǰʱ򣬾һֱ롣
ͯԺ΢΢һ㶡
׵ļˣİˡ
½ǻ¶һЦݣռϣҶҪݣôܲҪúܺأôܲҪһӺһ𣿡
˫۾ֱֱͯԺ⣬öԷԴ˫۾У棬ľġ
ͯԺ⿴ˡ
ʵϣӱ½˵ϲǰʼ֮ôΣУΪ֪½棬Ҽᶨ
϶£Ͳˡ
½ǵЦԽԣдŹ⣬Ȼ뵽ǰ
ֳ硪
ʲôʱ˵㣬ҪҪҲνԸҪҾһְĸףԸҪҾһְɷ
δ׷Σһ֧׷ΣܷɶߣܷɶԶҾɶߣɶԶһһҵһһʳǵĹ˾п֧оľû
ǰһֻҪԼϲ飬ֻҪȥ׷ԼҪ׷룬ҲɣȦڷ֮䣬ɶԶҾͽ̶Զһӣһǣһǡ
ǰ룬׷׷
½׷ǰ
ͯԺ⿴û˵
ΣӲ֣豭ľغһڡ
һ̣ͯԺ𾪵ġ
½Ϊǰ滮δȻû뵽ģ
ͯԺ˽ǰ֧ǰ飬Ҳ֧ǰоȴûôãôԶûнǰδоҪʽҲС
½롭ĺǰ
ܹ˵ôǰһ裬ǡ
ͯԺ벻õģˡ
Ĭ˺ܾã濴ű½룬ܹ
½˵ûܱ֤δһһֻǰҸһ¡
ͯԺ⿴±ӡ
ϣ˵
-
ͯ˶˷䣬½Ҳȥ˸ڡ
ǰķŻ򿪣͵͵Ŷһӷ
Ŵ򿪴˳ȥ
źϵһ˲䣬ͯԺ򿪷ţεҡҡͷ
㲻ˣ٩
ͯԺֱڱ̾ȷʵû취չһӡ
ԣԽˣӦѧŷֵġ
ڡ
ǰţ룬š
½봩˯´ӷʱдϲúᣬôˣôף
˵䣬Сë̺򿪿յ
ǰŵҽҩڲ輸ϣ˱½һۣǲϴˣ
½΢΢һ㶣漴ЦŨ΢΢졣
ǰˣոյŭ˲䱻㵺ͺ߼ߣҲϺΣ⻰ôͻȻô
ӲͷƤ˵û˼ֻǴ˲Ӧϴ裡
˵⻰ʱ򣬶Խ졣
ǰЩǺȻģȷϵԺ󣬺ĻЩˡ
½Ա£ķҲû˵˼ѽе˼ʲô˼
Ц⣬磬ɳƵЦ⡣
ǰ졣
֣һ£㣬ҿ˿ڣ
࣬½ҲһĽϥϵ˸
ǰԭ߳ŭʱȫˣҲ಻ֻ۵ؿű½ˡ
˵أǰΪֻС˿ڣû뵽ȻϥǶˣΧһƬȫϣ˿ڴܿ⡣
ǰϽҩֳĬǩ
½ԭЦݣҲ˲Цݣֽǰ̧
Ѿ۾
½Щż޴룬ûµģû£СˣͺˣҽԺѾˣûµģ
ۡǰ棬磬ԺҪôԼˣҲ۵ġ
½΢㶣һŻͷɳƣá
ǰͷ˿ڡ
Ϊͷ½ֻܿʹŵͷܹСУо͹ġ
½벻ۡ
һҲۡ
෴úܸˡ
ĵ׷ӿòӡ
ǰѽ
ÿİѾﵽ޵ʱ֪
ܸ
ôҲ
-
̸б仯
еģǷǳԵı仯
½֮ǰŬˣѧλĿγ̶ɵķǳãڸЧѧϰɫʵӦ
Ϊǰȷ˹ϵθҲͱøǰæҲԼʱõ˼¡
ҪԷˣϢһ°ɡ֣ı½ļ
š½뵭ظ߿Ļָ裬һһŴ롣
վԱ߿һ۾΢΢һΪҪ£Ȼһˣ½밡Ǻģ
½ָôţлظԸ졣
ЩΣҲҪ̫ƴˣڲŴϵĶȥ㹻ýˣҲ㹻㱣ˡ
Ҳ׼
һ㶡
½뵭˵׼
ھˣһ𾪣𣿣ôҪĶ㾹ȻҪȥ
õһʲƵʽʱҾͿԿʼҵһ
½ǳƽǰûʲôرȰģҲˣϵĶԲƷֻǹ滮еһ
ңͻġ
ڰû˵˺һűĳһ䣺½룬ôȱǮ𣿣
½϶ֹͣͷһʱ䡣
úǰˡ
֮󣬹صվʦ¶һЦݣʦϾڡҪ׬Ǯҵġ
˵꣬ת˳ȥ
ԭվ˺һڱһ䡪
Сҫ̸ˣ
ڽڶԱ½޿κΣ򾢡Ǹñ½޿κεˡ
ƫƫԷǰʦ
Դǰȷϵ󣬶ԷͲô˳ˡ


114 
ʦ, ȥԷˣǰ۱½뷢Ϣվ
̧̧˵˾䣺ôżСˣ
ǰš
΢΢, źߡ
򾢿˹ȥ, ¶, ˵ȱ, ȰҰѽͳһ¡
ǰЩżʦ, 극ɣҸ绹ڵء
ǾţһҲ⡣
ҡҪţ
ôõһѧôõпѧӣͱǹˣ
ܸˣ
ǰ
ֻѸٸ½뷢˸Ϣ, ȥͳҪæͳƵĶ
ҺòǺܶࡣ
Ȼûһ½, š
ǰͳƣȥš
һҲſվŵǱ½, ֻͯǰ£ûպԷ߰ɣԼȥԡ
˵꣬Ҫš
½֣ţε˵ҵ, ż
㰭£򾢷ǳؿһ, ûס, ˵, ͯǰҪǺúѧϰ, 츳̸ʲôģֱǡ˷ʱ䡣
Ͳûֱ˵
̸㣡治Ƕ
ദԽǰ̸֪֮󣬾ô½ô˳ۡ
С츳ãƫƫѧ
ѧҲˣȻԼò׿е̸ֱسĺȣ
أ
򾢷ǳᱡ½룬һҲΡ
Һ̸ᵢѧϰҲᵢС½Ρ
˵꣬Ĵȥſڵĵ£ٲȻһҪȴģ
򾢴ӵۣҪ½һ١
ǱǰѾվʦͳƺˣ
򾢻ͷһۣԼĶߵѧǳǣ˵ǾͳԷɣ극ץʱ
˷ʱᡣ
½΢΢˿
æµ˰죬ܺǰԶٷ֪ûôõľˡ
ʱʱ̵̿ǣ־ô
õģǰű½գգ۾ܹȥ
½Ҳ¶ЦݣȻȻ֣סǰ֣ʮָۡ
塣
ĿڣҺһȥ԰ɣ극ͻ
ǰ㶣Ц˵ѽʦ߰ɣ
ȻǷҪ˶ġ
ʦһԷҲǺܺõģ
½룺
Ůѵʦʲôģ̫ˣ
ôôĵݣƫƫˣ
-
̸֮ǰı仯ʵ࣬ÿͱ½һȥԷÿ飬ϿΣʵҡ
򾢰ŸǰĲ֣㹻һʱ䣬ġ
Ҳˣ仯
ʵǰԼܹоͱ½֮Եı仯ˡ
ǵģۡ
żһؼҵʱʮָۣżԷʱһӣһЦ
Щģǰһȴȫһˣ
ǰû̸ҲͲ̸֪ʲôӵģֻżҴææ·У԰ĳλõʱ򣬻ῴӵǵ¡ڳܵ¡
ͱ½ûгܡ
Ƕôæµÿμʱ䶼ر𳤣ϧŶݵļʱ䣬ǻģʱ䲻ôᳳأ
ֻǡ
ǰżҲ룬ͱ½ǲ̫ˣ
óֻѣ˵ʱܻҪܣз
ǰĬ
֮ǰ߿ͷǸ֮⣬֮䡭ȷʵһֱûʲôܵĶ
ӵ
-
ϡ
еĵһѩ
׷ĴѩϷľ£⼸ǰϷȻҲͺټĴѩ
ʵҡҶů뿪ůĵطǾ캮ض
ǰ߳ʵңЩżؿ첽ǰ磡㲻Ҫô䣡
Ǵ
½¶һЦݣдǵЦ⣬һ˲亮䶼ɢůЦ˵ҲǸյҲ䡣
˵䣬ǰñֽΧΧø
ŵñһëñԻס䣬Сë򣬷ǳɰƴСԽȡ
Χִֺס˲Ӳ˵ס
ֻÿü¶
½ؿ
ǰժף½֡
һƬ
ݺݵһۣ׸һִֻϣûд׵ֻ֣סûд׵ֻ֣Լ·Ķ
һ˲ů
½û˵ֻȫЦ۾
Цʱܺÿ۵Ǻڣֹסġ
ǰԭŵûסҲ¶Цݡ
һǰߡ
˺һѩˣȻûжѻҲʪģһһӡڻ谵У԰
Ϊߵˣȴˡ
½۾Ŵ׵ֻ֣һߣһͷϣһͷǰϵϡ
ԼĶůСֽš
½ʼմЦݣǸ߸
ǰһţһЩؿ磬Цʲô
졭Цøã
Ҹˡ½˵ֵƣȴܺ
ǰ䶯˶ʶʣΪʲôˣ
Ϊѽ½ȻԵ˵۾Ц΢Խᡣ
˵黰Ļ˵ǴӸǰãȴ˵Լ˶٣ʲô
ǰŲ΢΢һ٣ͻȻͷ΢졣
ڣ䱻ñסˡ
᣺硭ǡǲǲһ°
ţ½Щ죬Ķ񣿡
Ҳͣ˽ţɻؿ
ǰ֧֧᣺ǸǸǡǶûôܡ
ӽȥʵҵ·Ҫ·С֣С·ῴȡ
ͱ½ûеġ
ǰûʱǰ⣬֮ͻ롪½Ƕõ̬ȣǶµ̬ȣ
ǱϾʹ¶һġ
ǺܶŮͨеëǰҲ⡣
⻰أֱ޲õȥ
ôԳ˵أ
ǰֱ޲ԼԴ
̫ɵˣ
ȻӸЧʹһ죬ϾͲô
ʲô½΢㶡
ɵɵǰ޲ýԴؽΧСѾͷ΢΢Щ硣
Σ͵֣ǰԴΧڳ
ֻԴ
Ц۾СǰҾôҶ̫ˣ
ǰɵɵգգ۾ʲô⡪
š
½ͷסĴ
谵·£ѩ׷һһһһŮһͷһͷഥ
½Ķ繣ǰһ˫۾ԲѾ׶˼
ȵòҵǣҪƿо΢΢ǰЩۡ
һ½Ĵ뿪ǰĴ
˶ЩϢصĴϢںҹԵø
½ȻȻĴָΪ˲ǡ
ƹ£½Ц۾
ǸԺҪϰ
䡪
ǰԴ̻ըһ˲ͷĿѣͨ죬Ҳ̵òС
-
һֱ˻ؼңǰκġ
½ʼմЦݣǵĻȷǳԡ
Ȼܺá
ԭһֱǰ֣ҲԽԽůͣЩ
ҲȣɴǰĶ
ţŶԡ
ǰԼҲЩʪ
һ·ϣ˶û˵Ҳûӡ
ǰܹо½ʱʱԼߣڡͷҲ̧
ȵͯңǰţ½뽫ͽȥȴûֱӻظڡ
ˣ졭Ȼֹǰʱǲ죬漴
оģܿǰǴôˣ
ǰʶҪΧһڣǳůͣů¶ȣѾЩȣٴΧʵЩá
ҡˣͯԺѾˣҺ
½⹷
ȻѾǵĹϵҲѾĬ̸ȹĺۼͯԺ뱩½һ٣
̧ݺݵ˱½һۣǳΣա
½ӣվǶû뿪
ǰ졣
Цװ֪ˣΧҲȡ˰ɣȣҪҪԵҹ
ǰҡҡͷˡ
룬ɴƹˤЬ󣬽ˣñӺΧȡ
װ·
½ҪԵɣЦʱ½
½Ҳҡҡͷ¶ЦݣҲˣϳԵúܱ
˵꣬شЬóԼЬϣǰݡ
ߡͯԺˣ˱ʾ
ǰΪû˻ȥ˵ʲôϾǱȽ˽ܵ顣
Ȼ
Ҳ˶ʶȤոմӷͯǲ˵
˺ôѩôôҲˣĩпղȥѩɣѧϰ㣡һ쵽ġףôˣôЩף
䡪
ǰԴٴη̻졣
ƫƫͯǲǳãȻҧˣ컹𣿡


115 Ů
ͯǲе, Ҳġ
ĸĸͯԺͰЩֱӣĬĬƿߣ
ŵǰ
Ƹ磡
˭Ҫ˭ȥɣ
ǰһ, ƿߡ
ô졭Ȼֹ, ͯǲк֪Ȼ
Ķӣ
ҧ˵ھվڿ氡

⹷Ȼװˣ
Щεķɫ漴ű½롣
, ҳȥͯǲ, ס½Ĳӣקߡ
ʵ˵½Ҫǲȥͯǲǿ϶קȥġ
½˳˳ȥˡ
ǡǰЩż
û£Ϣһ, , кӵĻ, õġͯԺ⳯ǰ¶Цݡ
Цݣôô졣
Ŵ˿ĺ޲ͯǲݺᱡ½һ٣
ŶǰͯԺԱ߻¡
ǲͯǲ, Ͼ֪½ǿ϶ͯǲģͯǲ᲻ᱡ½롭
ûˡ
⡣
½룡ͯǲס½, Ƶǽ, Ѿ۸ã
½뵭΢Цⲻ۸, ϲ
ͯǲݺݵоȭͷЩ, , ⹷
½ӿ, ǳ·
ǾҲĴ𣿣ͯǲһӣĵ׾ѻ
ǰˣҵġ½ǳ޿֡
Ѿб±ðѹңŮʲô°ͯǲĥȴֲòϣ˵ˣͯǲ°ģᱡ½롣
½ԣ΢΢һ΢ŵ⣺û£ҾͿǰҡ
ͯǲֻ˵ôֱ׳
½֣ĴӵļһĨͬ飺ǲпʱ䡭̸ɡ
ͯǲ
-
ͯǲݵʱǳӡ
ǳַǳӡ
½ûнȻѾȥˡ
ǰ͵͵ûʲô飬ȵݺ͵͵˳ȥ
ڣſš
磿ǰ̽
½߳ǴЦݣ֪Ҫ
ԣš
ǰͷ΢΢һůִ½룬Ҳûˣų˿
Ȼû£Ҿͷˣ
ǰڰ֣ҲûнݣҲϢҾȻȥ˯ˣ
˵꣬תȴס
ǰһ㶡
½ǴЦݣ̾ͽ˿۽˻ͷᣬ᣺ôˣ
ǰ㶵ġ
½Ĵ꣬Щƣ˵ûҪ࡭ϰ
˵꣬ͷȥ
ǰԲ۾һƬհס
ƹ
ྫµ˱һ𣬷·֮ϣԽ塣
ʱȴһɷ羰𡪡
ȿȡˣϽȥ˯½ҲԶ㣡
ͯǲ
ǰһ͵ƿ½룬ˡ
ֳʱֻʣڵı½룬Լϵͯǲ
½ѵú˵ͯǲԼȥҸŮѣ
˵꣬顱һš
ͯǲƲƲ죬΢ǳ⡪ѾҶ

̸ô
ҪҪҲ̸һ
صǰűӣڴͷϵֻǱ½뷢Ϣ
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Ǹ½һԵ÷ǳˡ
ǰڴϷȥȫǺǸ
ҹԺ˯˹ȥ
쿪ʼǰ˱½һֱŵһš
֮䣬ͨûеĬۣҲͨµġ
ܡ

ǰ룬½ҪܹϰǾ͸ˡ
-
ͱ½ϵȶǰʱɻǻѧϰġ
ѾѩˣȥããһƬƬѩ·ϺѩѻһŲȥžͿˡ
ÿ춼ѩҲÿ춼оʢĴѧѩ
ʱĩ½½ˡ
˸ҵȽĿγ̣γ̵ĿԶǼһܣѧڼӽʱ临ϰ
ǰҲ⡣
˵ԼģϾԼǲտγ̱Ͽε⣬õһóɼЩ򾢶ˡ
ǰߣ콿ѹ֡
ǰ첽ȥ
Ѿˣֻ콿滹λá
ǰ֪Ǹġ
Ͻ첽ȥ콿¡
ϰһʼǱǳhĿñʼǣǰĿľ
һñʼǣЩչ֪ʶ㱻©ˡ
콿ԱߵЦЦԱѾ˺Щ飬Ϥӡ
hأǰѹ
콿Ҳ˵ȥˡ
ǰ˵ͷµϸԺ󣬽鱾ֽóֽ±ó׼ʼϰ
hʱģ۾΢΢һӿŲǰԱߣЦЦ
ǰҲЦЦ´ѧѧϰû˵
ʼͷϰǰϰʱ棬ܹӰ쵽ΧĻȫˣԼߵЧʸϰš
ʵҲûס
ǾѧǼеأҲܱ֤ԼǲǱȵùһѧڶʱѧϰϵͬѧǡ
ҲѧϰǱҪ̫ˡ
οԣʵû׵ġ
ҪõרҵǰʮϿεŴûˣǼֱǡʦˡ
ҲˣǰǱҪȫԸġ
ڣһҵ֪ʶǳ򵥣һЩҪеĻҪǰЩ
һֱϰʱ
ǰʱ䣬;׵
h콿Цʱ䣬ͼݿһ룬鶼ϡ
Цʲôǰѹʵ
hЦøӲˣ˵ͯǰͬѧ֪ԱһѾ𣿡
ǰһ㶣ãȻ
죬Ц˵Աû˼ѧϰûһЩͱ뿪ˣ
ĩԴҶֶ븴ϰǰԱ߾ѧϰֻź뿪ϾѧУҿƵĴʵ̫ˣҲġ
ǰգգ۾ԽãȻ
ˣǱЦˣֻбŮ磬ˣȻҲͲ֪ոն͵콿üŪۡ
ǰ΢죬һۡ
ͱ½Ĺϵѧ˵ܡ
ʲô˿
ǰոѧϰ
ѧϰʱ򣬾Ǳ½뿴Ҳ֪ģ
ǰεҡҡͷֻ΢΢һͷһۣ
ҾˣǺúøϰллʼǡǰᣬ¶һЦݣ۽ǵ΢΢һ
hĿڣŮЦҪеͶˣ
ǰһۡ
ʼҪȥ𣿡ʡ
ǰҡҡͷѾˣüĶˣҲҪãҾͲȥˡ
Ҫõʱ˵һ
á
˵꣬Ѿվ
hץס֣ȼŰԵĻ棺ǺͱһԷ𣿡
šǰ¶Цݡ
Դһ𣿣h۾һ
콿Ҳˢˢ̧ͷ۰ͰͿ
ǰΣͷ
ǣȵſڵı½ͷ֡
ŮѱСβͣ
½Ĭ
-
h˵ֻǺ棬Ͼ½ھѧͷǰ൱
һѧǰȽϵ͵ʹñ½ͷˡ
Ǳ½벻͵ʱйʾʲôʲôʲôʲôרԼ̳аĶ˼ȵСϢ
ʹˣҪ͵Ҳ͵
ͷȴѼˣѺ˵ϻ
h˽Ϊѣʹı˵ϻˣ
Ȼ󡭡
Ǿͷ֣λȷʵô˵ѽ
ǰʱʶ𣿡hΪԣѾǰǶʹˣֻʲ𰸣ǣɴ׼˱½롣
Ȼ½ظǡ
ûˡ
ʲôʱʶģ
硣
hֱĲȥˣ
ǰ˱½һۣͣǸô˵Ҳʲôˣʲġ
½Ҳ֪ԼܲŮѵǰʲôӡˡ
ǣһ⣺ǰҪ𣿡
ǰҡҡͷûأûģŪģЩüĿˣʯģһҪĥĥҲȽȱ
ģΪģСΣʯģͽСǵĽṹǱȽϳõģ֮ǰġ
˾
棬ųԷСβͻһۡ
˵ɶ
Ҳ
ѧҵȷ̫ˣ

-
ȵ극½˴ЦĿУǣǰˡ
ȵԶ
h˵ⱡֱˣֻǰԵ̫ˣ
콿ӣЩ£֪Ϊʲô۾һۣҾ;ŵòᣡ̫ˣ
ɰ鰡˫Դ˶̬ĮΨǰ崺磡أҵһʵĵϻÿĵCP
ǰҲѽԼĲţ̫ˣ
ǸҼǵúΪǰԿϣ
Ҳɰ飡hն
ˣϽȥϰɣοǽѧһοԣΪ˽ѧ𣬲˶ƴѧأ콿һǣͼߡ
뵽ʲôü˵֮ǰЩ˶˵Ͽο϶ãˣҽ쿴ϰֺֿãû֮ǰһͦģǷˣ
hһҲҶôǡǾ̫ˣǰڣǰҲǸеٮٮߣڷôȲˣȻˡңƴѧϰĩܱǰúãҲûʲôãѧɲǿԳɼˣ
˿Գɼ棬ǻ뿼˷Χġ
Գh룬ǰĩûãҲԲ˷㡣
½ͰһûôϿΡ½һĩԶȫԺһĴ˵һֱأǱóϣ˺оԲġʼ磬Ϊп
ߣϽϰȥȡŲС㣡
ڱѱ½ǰݺݿһ٣ȴû뵽˿̣ѾԶ˷¶Ի
½룺ǰ
ţ
´ΡҪˡ
ѣ
Ǻܷңǡ֡еί
ǰ½룡ŮӵĴ׶Ҫ𣿣


116 ̼
½ô, ˵
ǰпί˿̡ǰ۸һ㡣
ǰڽţס, ԼҲԵġҵѣҲ, Ҫǲ, ´ҺǵԷ
½Щ, ҲЩһҪһ𣡡
һĻԿһ㡣
Ϊ֪ڵĺܶŮѾк˧˧ˣųݵŮӸ໽Ϲ
ϴ̳ŮӽǰϹ
ڵŮӡ
ǵģ
ǰΣɿ, һۡ
ȴ½ִ, ڴһǣг磺ϻؼҿ𣿡
ȥʵңһ߶ų, һ߸ϰǰҡҡͷ
, ȥʵҡ½˶, Щ, ˺ܶ, ϰȻҪ, Ҫ֪𣿡
ǰͷ, 
жЦ, öԷо;ůޱȡ
-
ĩԵЩǰԤ, ˵ġ
ѧѧУ, ĩԵѶһҲ, вⶼҪڵģϿνǲ֡
ѧ͸вһʦһ˽ѧʦţڸˡ
ôߵѶȣǿҲúϰĥֻƾPPT鱾Щܻġ
ȻϿΣ鱾濴ˣõһϳɼѾûˣҪȴס
ǰǺ¡
רҵ֪ʶѶȶĿǰĽ˵Ƿǳ򵥵ģҪڴһĽⷨͿԼ򵥡Ѹٵ
ҪеĿĿǰ˼ϰģȻҲûʲô⡣
ʱǰ΢΢˿
ɼһһƳģЩûͳˣЩȴǺһʱųܳɼʱѾ¶ʮˡ
ǰѧУ
ȻԼڽϵͳ鵽ĳɼûԱͰ೤ϻеģҪȥһʡ
ǰûʱʣѧУ򾢵ʱ˵ˡ
ͯǰͬѧרɼרҵһ
ǰ죬漴Цһ˵ллУģ
ɲҪʵġУҡҡͷ
ֱڱߵǰι޽ڣѧרҵһͲ˵ʲôһ£
̧̧ûˡ
У⣿
ʦͯǰҲܵˣ
ǰû⻰ʲô⣬ص˵ͷ
ȻҲáɼûʦˡ
УǳаɣʦͽԼ˾ͺá
뵽ʲô˵ĿôӦҪѵʱ˰ɣҪҪֵæҪǲϲоԺָ֣ھѧ
ʵ򾢿ƲǰȴѾ֪ʵѧŲŲΪ˷ǰѧ
ǰҪоԺʵҡ
ڳǱȥоԺ򶼻ھѧʵҡ
ҪһҪ⣬־ܾˡ
УЩΣü˵򾢣ȻѧҪúỵ́ǰǸӣɲܵˡôҪȥҪȥѧǴĹؼʱڣ㲻ҪЩû飬ռʱ䣡
˶٣˵֪ɣѾһƪ͹ѧйصڿˣдķǳãܶ۵㻹ǳ棬оǳáƴоڡѧͨ淢һƪģи·͸ܣҲһһ
У߶߶ѧУĺӳɼ˵˵˵ţִ̧˴򾢣ͯǰͬѧǿһĺӣɲܱûˣ
ƲƲ죬ǳҵİţһЩССֵ֣ô䣿ѧộܣ
ʲôСС֣˼ǸɾڱƣǷǳģͯǰһŮӵãҲҲæĩûУûУһѣһЩСæ𣿣УҲˡ
ǰרҵһбҪٺúú˵˵Ͼĸѹ״̬£ÿôҪǰܹרҵһɼ¡
᲻Щոշѿĺ·
УҪˣ򾢺ԥܾϲӬһ˵Ͻ߰ɣ𳳳ң
У
Ҫ˵ʲôǰҵ廰УллģʦҺܺãҸҲѧ˺ܶණҾòۡ
УôɵŮѽ
ͬ飺ȻᣬҲҪ֪ʲôʦģʦҲһȫǶԵģ㻹ᣬͷڣɲͺԺڵ˷ʱ䣬·
ѧģ֪ͺרҵ
ǰллͷá
̲סԼԴ
㷳򾢷ǳͷؼУߡ
У˵Ҳ˵ˣֱڱ󣬰ˡ
ܾԼÿμ֮ͷһأ
-
ȵУ뿪ǰոϵ顣
򾢿˿һֿۣһۣһл֪˵˵ӡ
ǰεط꣬ʦʲôֱ˵
ʲô򾢿һ˵ˣոͷ˵Ļô
װԼǸոһֱ!
ǰһ㶣ãȻʲô
򾢼ˣ˵ûúý㣬Ҵ˷˺ܶʱ䣡ѧѾ˲ٳɾͣȴûָʲô
Ȼ򾢻Ƿǳǰġ
ոУڵʱװʲô⣬ǰ뷨ġ
ǰ㶣¶Цݣûнʲôôרҵһģȡ˳ɾͣҾֵþ壬ûкʧĽġ
գգ۾ЩƤңʦôΪѧԺĳɾû׼Ǵˣ
һֱ꣬Щڵƿ߿ŵԡ
ǰЦԽԣʦ˵ǰɣ
ʲôǣϽ£򾢷ǳͷ˵һۣܲˡ
˵ȴ˵
ԺȻȶ࿴Щ£ĥҲǿ۽硣£࿴룬Ӧġ
ԽԽС
ȷʵûдѧľ飬ǰõġ
ǰԣ컨ϣڲżȥһЩʲô࿴æԼĥ
ȵĥˣʽʱ
ǰЦݲã֪֪ʦΪҺã
ٴοһŤƿߣдЦ⣬д˵š
Ͻ£һ㣡
ǣ
-
ϵרҵһͯǰ
ȻɼûйѾкܶϢѧ֮ˣѧǺɼģҪ֪ԼˮƽҲҪ֪Լ͵һ١
֪вѧʧġ
Ŵһѧڣ֪ѧУƣΪʱһֱĴڣǻǶԼкܴڴġ
ʵϣǿҲֻܲǡվˡ
ĶѧҪǰéȻѾһܲ׵ˡ
ܶûԼǰ٣Ŵʵǲ̫ࡣ
Ҳв٣ʱɼǲ֪˺вġ
ǰѧУˣ̸̳۳ɼϢ
ͬʱҲмϵıʾ
ˣ½Ҳǵһ
ǣ˷̾
һĪרŴ̼˵ģ


117 Ƽ
治˵, вŻǮֱ˺޵ģ
ҽˣѧôһǵĿ, ñǻá
Һޣ½㵫ͨһ, Ҿȥǽˣ
ͷ, ˾ڱǽǣ
, Ҽϵģһʱ񣬺ŮУҴżʹ۲һʱ䣬ȴ֡ҺŮˣ
½ʾεɣ
ȻҪCP
Цˣ

ò˵, ܶϲ½ˣΪǰĬĬ˼, ϲǰģҲΪ½˼
ϾôҲԼǱȵǰ/½ģ
Ȼϵ˾ԼʵǱȵùǰ, ֻɺû
ֻǾԼǲһ, ´ŬŬ, ܳΪרҵһ
ϵĵڶһҪѧڳǰ
Ȼһѧ, ͯǰ, רҵһ
ǻ, Ϊרҵ, ͯǰǵĲ࡭Ȼˣ
ôˣ
-
һѧĩԽ, , ܶ༴ϴѧѾԼİţؼҳѧ١
ǰǶԣæиæ
½ڰǰʰû˵Զ׼ôá
ǰ͵һۣͷգգ۾硭춼ԹҲˣ
½뿴һۡ
ȻԴһ޹ģ̲ס̧֣ķΣչ˺ԼҪʱԷʦ
ϵĿеؼʱˣһæͲԷǰǸʦ
½ѧУʱ򻹿ԿܳȥָҪ˶ٶٷء
˵꣬ǰʰ
˲ǰˣǼˣǰڱ½ǰûܵġ
ҲˣúÿСڴǰ¿㵥װ䵥λá
ǰˣ΢΢죬ȴ
ءǰ֣ӱס½룬ᣬ磬ģһչ˺ԼģҺʦȥ̨Ǳߵ˻ḺӴǵġ
Ҫһ¡ƻ硣
ڹҶһ飬ҲĿһĿ֮һȻ򾢳ǰ֮ⲻԸκˣĿѧԺܲܵģ̨оԺڵš
йҲڡ
ǰҪúչԼҲǻѵġ
Ȼ½Ҳ֪ЩģֻǡֻҪԼߣɲġ
˭һȥǰδֿأ
½תסǰڻԴԴϣżֲᡪ
ǰԴ֮ǻδֿôù᲻㣬Ҳ㣬ҲߵʱûкúóԷ̰·ɹššʲôġ
󼸸ֺᣬǰž;ͷһָˣҲ᲻㣬ģǻᾡġ
š½Ӧû˵ʲô
˵Ҫǰȥɣȥ׷룬ǲᣬǺ޲ýǰڼʱʱ̶̿ţҲ
ΣҪ顣
û취ȥҲҪ֧Ϊѡ
ǣңȴǣ
˱úܽʱſڴһ
ˣԷˡ
ͯǲ˸ۣȴûʲôر
ȻѾϰ˵ˡ
ǰЩ˼ɿ֣ű½ȥ
˵Ż
ǰϸѽҪȻ㻹̸ɡ
½룺֧֡ͯǲҪ̸ˣûǰǰˡ
Ȼͯǲ˵ޣڲŲ̸أ̸ʲôõģ
ͯԺ廰ǲҪϲĹҲǿ̸һ̸ģѧӦһ
ͷ
Ȼ˻Ƿǳġ
ͯǲƲƲ죺ҪҵĶ󣬲ܱȱ½Ķ
ˣ
ãֱ˵ҪҸǰõĹ£
ͯԺ⡢ǰû˵½㵭רҵûѡá
ţͯǲһ㶡
רҵʲôϵ
ҡרҵôûѡأ
ӦöרҵԺȥ̫Ҷ󡣡½뵭
ۡǰոպȥһˮ
½ֽã᣺Сһ㡣
ͯǲ
˺þòŷӦ
½˵ûбǰõŮӣ
ͯǲһ±ơ

ôоԼֱһ
-
ͯǲҲŶĿǰ˵ҪĿǰҪǰҪ򾢳ԶţͯԺͰͣš
ǰţЩѾüˡ
Ȼģ֪ӳˣɳȥġ
ڶһ磬̫½뽫ǰ͵Ѿڻˡ
һǰͱ½룬㲻ͷ˵ôô
ǰǳ˵ⲻǻһüġ
½뽫佻ǰȴ򾢣ʦǰСһôԶչһЩȻæҲҪǵóԷǰһһСҪԿͺͷ棬һҪʱ
һˣĸ򾢴
½룺Ůʦʲôģġǳᣡ
һӽԼҪ齻ˣȻĿȥ졣
ǰȥ֮󣬻ͷ½뻹ڣ͵ػ˻ӡ
Էڰ֣ʾȥǻ
ǰǴЦջߣᡣ
һӰ룬˿̷ֱ𣬲ĲǱ½룬
Աߣ򾢿һۣõôѷֵǸʵ̫ˣǽ˦ˣӦøˣ
ҪΪ½ֻǰΪǰʦʱҲŹһ򾢣򾢿ͷúܡ
ǰһۣʦҺ֣
ʲô֣ôãѧɲҪˣš
ǰʦҲͦģÿζÿθʳݣϻ˵硭
ǲǷģ˵ǴҲǻǮģҲŲǷ
Ŷô˵ǳʳһȷʵǸҸˣǰЦ
ÿȥػ߳ʱ򶼻ǰʳȴݡ
ǰһǲǸ½ģǲϣըˡ
򾢣
죬θͯǰûûСģ
ǰǴЦھΡ
򾢿ۡ
ҵСͽܱˣڲεס·ˡ

-
ǰԭΪпѧԺ˰æ£Ҫ˶ãʵϣһڹȥ֮һĽȶû
ǰЩǳ
򾢲ذڰ֣ȥϿΰɣԼˡ
ǰҡҡͷʦֲԸ˰ϵĲ֣ҪˣǸۣ
ϿθҪЩæ粻æ˵ţ˶٣ˣ˼ҪռʲôģǶ
ǵЦݳ
˭ʦһֱ֣ûرŵùˣҪȻУ˰ɣ
Ҫ֮ǰûиţѡ
ǾֻоԺˣˮƽߣ֮ǰûиţ֮Ҳܰﵽ㡣
Уѡ򾢻Ǿܾ
ǰ̾ǿ߻ֻһˡ
ѧԺ˶֣ʵѾˣͿܷ򾢵ĵ顣
ҿѧԺ˴򾢡Թϲ
Ҫֲʦ鷳ھͺˡ
ǰͻȻ˼һתʦҪȻҸƼһ˰ɡ
˭ü
ǰʦҵĶ̵ģģȱҲ׷ˡǰ˵
ǰʦЩ죬һֱϵǸʦʲôţ
г
ϵĶһ٣͵̧ͷǰ˵ʲô֣


118 
ܸ, žȣһ˼֡
ǰãȻظг
ֵ˲, ҲôǸҲôʵԣǰĸʦӦþ֪Ǹ
½ʦ, Сͽܡ
򾢵ֻ㱡
ʵӦ뵽ģкܶΥ͵ĵط, ˵ΪʲôǰǸʦȴвоԺרҵˮƽ
ǰ츳Ը⣬ʱڳָҲǷǳҪġ
ոսӴʵʱ򣬾ͽ̻һ׶пաвеĲһ˼άʽ
Ƿǳɹġ
Щ츳, ʼӴʱ, ܵĽǱ׾, ôܿδ, ʱ
ǰһոսӴʵʱ򣬾˺õ˼άʽ, ʶСӦôȥ˼
һϰߡ
ǰˣǸݱµʦ, Բһͨͨĸʦ
֮ǰûЩ£һ͵ķֲѰĵط
ʦ, ʶ𣿡ǰдžȡ
Ī, 뵽һȫѧʱ, ½ͳվںſڡ
Ȼܿʧˣǰȴʼվáľ
ڼ򾢾ȻҲʶ̾ܲµй°
ǰ°͡
ֻǵ˵ͷ˾䣺ڹú𣿡
ǰӾȣ򾢿Ǻٻȥı˹ôģ
˿̾Ȼ˳һ䣬㹻˵Ĳһ㰡
ܺáǰظÿ춼ͦĵģпϿΣûξ͸ҵ߳ӣҪȻڿϷ߳
򾢣аɣž֪ǽһС
ǰ棺ʦôʶʦģУǰӦҲɣôȥнأ
ԣЩ
ΣϵĶŻڣҲûϵʵҲʲô¡½ʦܣʦĵпƴҵڡ
˵ǳ࣬ǰǴ˳ʦ㡣
пƴʱһֱרҵһѧʱѾкܶɹˣĹ⻷ڣһֱ˿ųɳġ
˭
ΰѧ֮һһֱоת˾·棬ǿ󻪹
ȻϢҵģ˭֪λ
ЩʹˣѾʮ꣬򽥽˳ȥǵŻѧԺԺ
ΪɫСͽܣɼĳɫ
ȥ޼꣬Ҳкܶɹ㵽ⲻعַͨʽڹҳ潻棬⽻ʹʹݳ棬Ž˽ӻ
Ǹʱ򣬹ڸٷչʱ򣬵ò˵Ǻ͹кܴĲ࣬ż
ܶ˶ãˣѧǰһƬá
Ҳôá
Ǹʱ򲻹ȣһֱǱŵģǸʱûΪ˹Ҵſж鹤˲ϳ
ҲʦͬԻ㵥ɡ
ǸʱҲţľ޴ǽȸУȣҲȣԣ˺ܴһǮоǺܴһʣ˵ǵܹڿ򣬸Ǯ֮һ˵̾
ǰĿһ
Ȼǡʧˡ
ǳû뵽ʧܣԭʧܵһͿأܽᾭ飬ֻҪٴγɹͶʶֵõģ
Ǵʧܸľ顣
ʱٵѹܴҲǸʱ
ʱ򾢾ľ״̬Ǻܺã͡һ١
˵򾢶ЩȻһ֪ģ˵ô
ǰԼҲ֪
ǲ𣿣
ܱˣ
ϾôţƵѧңȴѧԺܻӭ
򾢾Ψһһ
һ֮󣬺񡭡ʹˣͷȥоֱ˶ħˡҡҡͷ
ǰ⣬Ͼźͷӣʵʱͦйͬġ
ԼоʱҲͷûʲô𣬲Բȶԣ״̬ȫ̿ܣֱ޲ʵ档
أǰЩż
˵츳ȷʵߣҵһЩؼֻҪƶķȥһɹģǳɹܹǰƽһأĳ棬ǹⶼûģ
ЩɰޣϧǸʱ㱣״̬ҲħڳɹεֵˣǸ֡Ǹ
ǰһ
򾢳һʵҲй¶֮ĿȥѾûжľˣһǲûʲôһѧҪֻҪţǹҵĲƸǱϣǹҪˡ
ǰŴµ˺棬˵ԡǳʦԼǹذɣ
ԣԼоɹԼԼһֱһЩ˼·һЩ뷨һЩпյ˼ȫ˹ңһˡҡҡͷ
ʵڱôԸԼĿǰκˣҲ͵Щϵ
Ӱ
ǰͷǧЩ꣬Щʹޡ
ʲôģʵ̫ˣ
ֲóʦԸټУôδѧңѧδǸ߰ġ
ɾ־ʱ򣬽شһֺݺݵ˵ڶΡ
ǰ뵽ʲôĿһʦĿôҪ
ͻȻЩˣٴηʦ飡
ЩؿһۣôôΪܹʵΪû˶𣿾ھѧʵңйҵʱʱ̶̿ŵģ
ǰ
ãȻʵҺҸôԽ
Ҳǹδϣͱ½붼һȨޣҡҴкİ򾢷˸ۣ׼ʱʼŵʱҲ˶ŵģ㣬Ҽ㣡
˵ֵʱ򾢹θ
ǰȷʵŵˣһ㱣ɵɵ򾢡
Σһƽʱʲô˿ŵģ
Ȼ֪ڵʲôİɣû뿴С̸ģûǰøϰ߾ͺˡ
ǰܵøһӦʱɣ
ǰһ
ֻǸѧоģ˵ҲǸͨͨˣͻȻ֪ЩȻҪһӦʱ䰡
Թؿһۡ
ұ֤ǸʦҪĿʱ򣬿϶֪Щģ
ֻ򾢣
ֻ򾢻ⲻʲô¶˵
ڶһ꣬ǰ֪Щ飡
򾢱Щ飬תƻ⣬˵ձû׼Ҳҵԭ򡭡Ͼȷʵͻ㱵ʱħŻôʵС
ҡҡͷЩϡ
ǰ
ֲ½ÿο򾢶޲ɱֱ³ɺޣϼӳ
ʦҲӦ÷ʡʡԼˡǰΡ
⻰ֻǰ˵Ųᱻȥ
ӣⲻһֱڷʡԼ
ǰʾŶԼŲţ


119 
ǰȻǲš
򾢸, ߣǵģʵԼҲš
ΣŤͷ, ͻȻ˵ҪԸæ, ҲǺ¡
ѵ򾢾ȻпԽܰæˡ
Ҹ绰һ¡
, ǰߵԱߣֻ, ĳ绰, ȥ
ι, ʦ𣿡
˵Ҫ顣
ǰ֪صʲôǸ˵ĻҪƵ, ģģᵽһЩ, Լ֮ѡ
ܹо, ˵֮, 绰ͷĺһ˲ء
⡣
ô˵, ҲµѾ֪顣
ûмװԼ, Ҳû˵ȵǰ˵󣬱о绰ͷİ, ˵ǲǸû
˺һ绰ͷ
һʳ, һߡƬ, һߺ
ǰʦɵкˣͱȥоˣ
ǰҽ, 벻ȻĽڣ
Σʦ, ͲҪֽ, ͷأܱɵкһ˵ɵкҲֲڼء
˶٣˵ʦɣʵĲԸͲַܵĽڣİɡ
绰ͷƬ仺û
ǰҲûٿڣȴš
˺þúþã绰ͷĳǶ˵Ҿܺãĺܺãɣÿѹ
飬ǹǹء
ʼղԸȥĳЩ鿹ϣЩԼסҲԸȥ
ǰ˵ʲôȴ˵ǰˣѾʺУܺá
˵꣬˵绰
ǰ̾һ
üһҲ⣺ô
룬ǼһҪǱǰһоˣҲô궼Cдţ½Ƿ˲˼
ǰͷ
ˣˣ򾢰ڰ֣㲻׼¶ˣо鷽棬һûʲôġ
ǰȴ˵ʦ׼٣CУҪȥʦ
Щؿ
ǰᶨǲԸҿ϶ǿ󣬿ɸոû˵仰ȴǿںܺãǲǸңǸԼܺãҪȥˡ
Ųĵ׵ҰŲҪ뿪
ȻҪġ
ĿǰԸôΪʦ˰æܶ࣬ԵĻҲһ
ʼճڹȥⱲӾͱסˡ
ǰȻСѾҲѾ״ӹȥ˳
ܹġ
ûж˵ʲôˬ˼١
ǣڶǰʰҴCиϡ
ʱȴһϤˣǰŲһ١
½롣
漴ӿŲдžȣ磬ô
Щûмˣлžϲ
ҪCôңһ𡣡½̰ؿǰѾЩûǰˡ
ǰڸеʱͨƵ棬ƵҲ㼫ˡ
˴ѧӰ룬ھȻƵҲˣⲻ˼
ǰû˵½ֽͷһоǰϢžûһ㡣
磬³һ˾ææ𣿡ǰЩǡ
Ȼûдһ𣬵Ա˴˵Ǻ˽ġ
½Цҡҡͷһʱ仹ǿԵġ
˵꣬ͷҪͷһǡ
ǰ΢죬뵽ʲôæƿ½롣
½һ㶣ãȻؿǰ
ĶˣڽţԴյ½ߣѹ˵磡ʵйҵ˸ŵģ
ĺڱ½ĶϣЩԳ
׻˵ʲôЩε¶Цݣ֪
ǰԲ۾ǲţ㾹Ȼ֪ôôҪڴ֮ͥ
½̧ķ漴ǣ֣һȥǻһѹ˵չҪϰߵģҲûиǣҲûаۣ͵ڰɡ
˶٣˵ǰԺ϶ԽԽʦΪҵĲƸǸʱܻߵǰܵı㡭ԣǾϰ߰
Ρ
ʱŮ̫ˣǺЩεġ
ǰԲ۾գգȵصͷӦŶ
½˵Ĳࡪֻǲڡ
ǰ¿˿ȷʵûпκһǣһԶԶ׿һֱ֪
ⷬģñ½ͷһȣͷͷһǡ
һΣǰûƿ
-
˺ܿ쵽CУҪѧУҲܼ򵥣ڸ߶ûпѧʦѾѧУʼָĻˡ
ǰ˴˽ȥֱ֮İ칫ҡ
Ѿóĸ칫ˡ
Ȼһİ칫ңûпᣬʦǶڰ칫ңЩӣЩʦ죬Цǳ˵ӡ
ʦʲôʱ鰡
أ̸һʱ䡣
˵ʦǲǻˣ
ǣѧڽˣҪݼˡ

ĳ˽ʦʵʦʲôʱģ
ǰûţ˳
ٵʱѽʶģ飬û뵽ôͻˡ黳У¾Ȼȫ㶨ˣʦٶ
ǰʦԶڳԹϵһߡ
ۿۿۡǰš
һ칫ҵʦЩʶǰʱЩԾ
𾪣û뵽ǰȻˣ
ǰǴк֮󣬱˵ԼҳʦģҲûе飬üվǰԶ
Ȼڹ˵
ǰȻҲڹ˵ɸųʦԶ
½ովվſڣҲߵû˵ĵط
-
ûʽѧѧУǿյġ
Щֱ࣬ڱһ˫۾ֱֱǰͯǰҲǸ߹㡪Ҳȥôܻˣ
ΪҲǰ棬˿ʦֻǲȥҿ϶ǿ㡣ҵĸңʵȥġʦµҿһ֣ϵͳѵǳʦ𣿡
ǰ㲻ƿߣʣ߽ƫԶ
ȷʵҲôϲоΪʲôԸȥأǰִš
ҡҡͷɿԶ˵ҲʺоѾûоҰˣ⼸ĽģѾϲڵӣѾܺˡ
ǰսִţҪֻϲΪʲôҪǿأʦֻڲϾԼ
ġǰľܺãѡ飬оĸоѾˡǰִ̫ˣִŲڹִԸ񣬺ʱ񣬺׳Կġ
ʼǰ
ѡ⻰Ǳ½˵ġ
ǰ˵У˹
ʦѡ½ǰԱվųҪѾˣʣǰʵʱĶģ
⻰ʵǲòˣЩʱҪƽȵĵλֱԷ࣬һмС
½֪ǰ飬ȻҲ֪ʲôʱʼǰġ
һ㶡
ǰȴ۾ѽ
ǵʵģҪǳڵˣôڼڣһֱʵңһһ죿
ʵ飬Ҫһڶʵ
ǰš
д˹⣬֣ס°ڣͷʦ˵ҹִˣҾǺִִܹĻҾͲˡʦҲִִͲڡִѧֻҪ̲ͨǺ¡
ǰ۾򾢻ѡѧܴһԭΪ˫ִŵ۾˫۾УǶȰǶ׷
ôͷ˫ǵ۾ôÿֶĶС
ʦҪʦҪҲҪԺʲô㣬ǲǻҪѡһʦڣһһֱҪɵǰֻҪ¸̤һȥһֱ顣
ʦʱ̫ˣ˵һ̫ˣôҪԱ߹ȥʲôΪ𣿡
㱵ؿ
ǰ˵ԼҪ˵Ļ˵ʦԼú룬ʱ̨ǣҺʦʱӭ
һַ
ǰͱ½һ뿪ˡ
վԭأһس
-
˽ԶǰһЩŵؿ½룺磬˵Ըȥ𣿡
ġ½οҪģȥģȥʵңǽ㣬ȥǱΪһ˵ȰֻҪţһȥġ
ǰͷȴЩ硣
½ȴܷģǰûҪᣬǰˡ
Ȱ˶ʵûʲôãܲסʵȥġ
ǰֻҪ˫ǶȰ۾ų㹻뷨ˡ
ԸǰΪûз뿴һԼܹߵһ
ǰвȰǺ͵һǻĳһģһ
Ͼط
½Ц֣˹ǰıȻŻȥǾһٿаɣ
ǰ۾һصͷã
ûܴ½뿴Уһֱǰźû뵽쾹Ȼʵˣ
ʮָۣڶͣͣ
ʱǰĽʱ½Ӧ
-
ǰΪҪȥҲ֮ȥ
û뵽˵׼ȥʱ򣬾Ȼڻĳ
ǰԲ۾
·Цȥ̨֮ǰҪȥһطͯǰһȥɡ
Ƶ½ϣԷؿ˶٣ЦŲ˾䡪
½Ҳһ𡣡


120 
ǰЩ, ǴӦˡ
ʵܺҪȥĶ½ҲͬЩãȻ
ǣǰеĻƱ
ǰ͸Ի
ɳȻ, ˸, һֱߵ, ŶŶӵĳС档
СλЩƫ, ԶԶоվڡ
СǾ˺üμ, ǰͱ½Իظű顣
һֱһ߽С, ½ͷ, ֿ˿ǰ浭ĳ, ͵뵽ʲô
סǰ΢΢һ, ǰ, ɻ
½ЦЦûн͡
, ǰʲô֪, Ÿá

ǰһݷǳõļ
½֪Ҫȥ˭ˣҲ֪ˣΨǰһãȻ
ǵһǰһ, Ȼ˽ȥ
ո߽ȥ, ǰһȰŮ˵š
֪Ҫʦɾϲ, ·, ŵˡ
һЩ, ȴǳо𡪡
˵㻹֪һΪ֮ǰˡ
ǰͫһ, Ů˵ʦֵʱѾ𾪲ѣ˱½֡

Ŀǰѧң
ǰʱЩǾϲ
ܹѧĹֵø˵飬ǰûмڶѧһż
Ҫۼżˣ
ǰǳȴŬûԼʧ̬
Ͳһˣ߹ȥԱ߶£۾ʦԲʧˡ
ǰҲʱſ
ĺˣʮĸ䣬ͷףޣ࣬ΪЩӯˮ⡣
һλΰˣһλԼһ׸ҵˡ
ǰͱ½붼ܰͳ
˳֮ǰһֱŲʦΪΣΪԼʧܡ
ڹʦűȵ뿪ʱ˺ܶʦȻףʵԼĴ˺ö࣬Ҳ˺ö࣬
죬Ҳֻ˵Щ꣬𣿡
áҺܺãʦأ
ʦͽǰǰվš
һֱȶķ˲˵ʦͽԺ˵Ļỹ࣬Сѻվء
°ɡϷ˱ü꣬״̬һЩСѳã
ãϷ˺ãǰͱ½Ͻ
Ϸ£ʦʦˡ
ЦôȰһֱǰ֣ʹˣϲųˡ
üͷҲɿЩŴȰ
ʦŽǣǰ̹ѧͯǰʦ򾢣ѱ½룬ǶǰĹƥ˾𽱵ѧ
յǸСͽܣȻҲ֪ͽˣЦ˵ʦңСӿǺǰһ޲Զң
ͣǰҲһСӡ
ǰˣ̸Ҳ֪ԷҲϾǵڶǵһ
Ը񣬾ǲ
ִˣҪ򾢣Էֲȥ°ëȻȻ򾢾Ͳˡ
ǰмּģһ˫۾۰ͰͿʦæ磬ûʱʦʵϣҲ֪ܼʦûд
ЩԹؿ˳һۣ뵽ԷЦݡ
Ϸ˶ЦȻǷǳϲǰ
ǰ½ͷǳˣʱЩ棺½Ǹĸѧϰţ
ʱЩӡ
½Լôصǳȵ˵ڡ
˼ûλս𣬱½ĺӣǾѧģȻܸûʲôʦ
û
½ͣǼϵĽڣ޼ϵ޽ϵ
һ˲䣬½ˡ
½ӡ
ÿһ֪ù𽱣ȴûжרҵȥͽϵʦҪ
Ȼƿߣ½ˡ
һΪ׵ʦִˣȻԼ
ֽƵǰϣôôûѾͷϲģϲԸϲĶá
ǰǰɣڡϸѯǰѧϰĽȣԼо
֪һֱʯĿʱɫһЩһ˺Щѧ⣬ǰֱ˼ظ
ǳ棬ҲǳãŸоԼЩʪˡ
ȴصͷ̲ס˵һͽܣҪһЩ϶ԴѧϰϧʹˣҲҪˡ
ʦ˵϶ܹһٶģǰЩˣ˵ʲôĻֻôֱż˵˾䡣
Ц۾֡
ǰ߹ȥǰ£ͷһؿ
˵ôûѾЩˣǴ˵ǰٹްɣҸһλʦȥ׹оúѧٻ
ǰһ㶡
棺ʦǸִģ벻ô࣬Ժ벻ȥˣδǵ£ԼǿҲԼڻǿҪȥѧϰѧǣδѧ㡭
ǰͷ
λʦǣѾǻǿˣȴɿõԼĲ㣬õǹҵĲ㡣
ҡ
ܵʦǷǳһ㣬ĻᣬԼʵ۽Ļᣡ
ôһ
ͯǰͬѧúáúŬԺǻһôȰǰʱ򣬾ǿδϣ
ǰоʲôָоǵһˡ
һȥμӰƥ˾½ʱǼϵ֡Ҳָо
Щأȴ˶־
ǰĹâ棬صͷ
ллʦһġ
-
ˣǿǰ˵˼䣬Ǳǡ
ˣǰǳȥ
ǰߵſڵʱ򣬻ͷһۣϷط䡣
֪˵ʲôϷЦЦᡣ
߳Сţ½巢˵ַվš
ҹ治䣬ΪҹЩ΢磬ǳ
ǰ½룬۾ţȴ˵磬ôһͻɲδоͦصġ
ܿ죬ЦݣǹѾԽԽǿˣǲǿģһǽģԺһҲҪʦһ򷢹ⷢȣ
г˶־
Ϊͷ˳ŵĻϿ죬Կţĺҹڰʱ򣬹ʶĿ
·ָ̧ͷˡ
½ս֣¶Цݣ˵ģǰһܹ
ͬԼ
Ҳѧ̧ͷ졣
ǰһֿ½룺磬ʲô
Ϸˡ
ţǰЩɻ
ûôͱ½˵Ҳид
½ͷ᣺ϣ֮ҲϷһĭ֣һϡ


121 
, ȴȣһŻһܹŵĻ
ǰȴֻͷһů
ͷ, ǻ¶һЦ, ˵, 벻
ᣬḧ½Ŀ, ̡
ͷһ̲סͷסǰĴꡣ
ǰһ㶣漴۾΢, ۡ
ûбȱ½˽ǰ, Ҳûбǰ˽ⱡ½ˡ
֪Է׷, ǿ޼ĸоԷͰ⣬ǰԷʤԼ
ԸΪ˶ԷɸõԼ
Щ鲻ô춯أû, Ҳ, ȴůġ
ΪԷ, η塣
Ϊమ, 㻥֧֡
Ϊ㣬һӡ
ǰˣҲǰ, ǡԷ
ķֶ˼, 谵·óȥ, ԶĲݴ淢
ǰͷ, , ű½İ⡣
-
ǰǺͳһص̨ģ½ȥæԼҵոտʼҵʱǱ½룬ҲҪæ޲ýԼ
ǲͬһУæµԼ飬ֻҪһ뵽ԷĿһůٶƣҲȫʧ
̨
ƯһֱĴһϵֽţ͡
ǰ˿ûͺá
ֽƵǰϣЩΣѾͷαôƴأ˵ⲿֲ꣬һѶڶԣǺܷʱĵġ
ĺΣǰһѵݣѾǰ˺ܶΣҲЩ֪ʶ⡣
Ȼæģһֱӽȥ
ûҪȥѧУˣǶûָֻҪһͲˡ
ȴû뵽ѾͷӰӵ㣬ҲæţȻڻУ֮ǰȫ㶨ˣ
µھ֪ʱۺˡ
ֱ֪ô˵ˡ
ǰЦ˵Ƕôæˣܰһһɡ
ڹؼʱڣֵƷλʦæòУǰҲϣԼܹһæġ
򾢴Ա·˵˾䣺ͻȥɣ챨Ϣһ졣
ԭǼƻʽѧŻȥǰһȥ
ǵȥϢ
ǰûоܾܾû˯ãҲѾˣҾȻȥˣλʦʵҪҪע壡ʦæҲ˳ԷʦǵʦС
߶߶ûꡣ
Ҳʵ̫ˣȫܷģ
򾢲ͷذڰ֣ѽôǸСԽԽˣϽ߰ɣʵ飡
ǸϲӬһ㡣
ǰûСѡüͷ΢΢һĵѹֵ˼ԽŨ
Ѿˣ˵˼䣬Ҵ뿪ˡ
ȵߺ󣬳򾢣޽ڣѧá
°΢΢һ̧пƲס¶
ǰȻã
΢ЦѾôˣΪʲô̬أͲʧΪԼûöܣ㿴˵ʹҴ뿪ˡ
⡭üͷһ塣
̲סǰ뿪ķìܵ
һԼͯǰʦƢܲ˾͹˾ͱ
һ־áԼǲ̬̫أϲԼѧģô̬أ
ǰѾһѧˡ
򾢰Ѿдһ
Ƶ޽ڣ첻õģӦòѹȥˣ뵽СѣȲˡ
ŵ٩Ц⣬ȻոǶ򾢵ġ
ҲǷǳûûС
򾢣
˳һۣ˵˵ӵĸƨ
ǳˣˮƽȷʵǳţƣʵǻ̫ˣ
һҲ
͵ЦֻǺܿ뵽ǰѣ̾һ䡪
ˣҲһԡ
-
ǰ˾֮㿪ѧˣһꡣ
һ꿪ʼҲΪ˱˿еġѧ㡱ʦ㡱һҲµѧѧʷƾõĴѧͬǵһдڴ㽡
ǰɳʵֵһ꣬ھѧ̨
ڰĿ
ȻòȴҲһֱڻæ򾢺ͳʡ˲顣
֪ʶԽԽ㣬ܰﵽҲԽԽࡣ
ȻǶԳ򾢶ԣǰԣǷǳԵĽ
Ľ̫̫ˣΪѹõʦһЩо֮ܰﵽæȻҲܹæˣ
֮רҵθ࣬һλҲԽȹ̡
ЩҪ׷ǰˣҲ֡ԼǰĲԽԽˣ
ö֮˵֮Ů
һ꣬Ҵææӵйȥ
һ꣬򾢺ͳշתڼ̨֮䱼½빫˾Щɼͬǰһæݡ
ȻҲԵʣֻΪһͣ˼ʴࡣ
ңҪпԻǰһӵȨơ
-
һǰĹ죬Ϊһ糹׽
͸ĸ׵һݺ
ܶ˶û뵽򾢾Ȼˣһôã
кܶ쵼Ҫ򾢣ҲйѧҸ˹ȫܾˡ
ھ̨ĳСҷһݽ
ֻˡǰͳ
ߴСѾűʱ˱ΨһֶΣΨһֶȱ̫࣬ҵĿһøķ
ѾˣĿص㡪ʯء
һ뷨ңҴǰʼ½½Ľ֮һ㣡
Сǽ̫ϵ֮ڿжһ㣬ģСͬĴųͬ⣬СľǷų⣬ľ˺Сǣ
λƫСٶȹ죬ų⵽ľܱߣҲܼٶȣȫĽѾԤõĵص㣬ͬʱ
ҵʯ磡
˵꣬һ˫ִżַ۾ֱֱǡ
žžžǰͳһƣľη
򾢳ɹˣ
ѶȵĿɹˣ
ʯһֱǿѧһ⣬ÿһЧ취ĿѧҶıأһ
磬һµʯطʽ
꣬򾢡ĸ߹ʱ̣
ǰݵؿ򾢣ֻҪɹдķΪѧҡ
̲סģǰۿ΢΢ʪ
Ϊʦġ
ʵ̫ƴˣǰԼѾۣ򾢱ǰҪһоо档
ͱͲСͷǰǰʦʱ򣬸һЩҲĴ
ʦĽһз׸
ļ΢һЩʱԼоѳ
ʱеķȥ߿ǰ档


122 
򾢿˵ǰ, ֮ǰĿһԣҲ׼һдġ
˵֮, ¶Цݡ
ǰһ𣬾ȵؿǡ
ڽѫ·ָǰһ֣
򾢻ûбд, ǲ, ֻҪȻһ, ƪܹõ֪
ǰΪڶߣȻҫҲĿĴڡ
ʦһý, , Ϊһֵѧߡ
ǰúܿ졣
򾢼û˵˵ͯǰҵѧĿ࣬ҲŬ,ûʦһܶĳɼ࣬Ŭ, ҲӦñǵá
ЦݴżִȰ
, ǰۿԽ졣
ոǼ, Ǹж
ʦȻԴ, ȻӲĶԼѧãҲĻ
ѧʦţ෢, ɹùС
򾢿ƲⲻӣʵϣһֱҪǰ
ʦǰҡ
򾢣۵׵ķˮ⣬ȴ¶һЦݣЩʡ
ԲʦҲܺһˡ
ǰܾˣ
򾢺ͳһ£¶졣
һݴһ죬ǰȻܾˣ
ò˵κһڸոһ̣Ǽģǰͨһһ˲䣬Ҳ
ֻܹҪͷֽϡýϡϡа佱̨ϣӰͯǰ֡
ǣ
ǰЦԽã棺ʦ࣬ҵŬû˿ԼˡңǲҪҵŬ
ԼԣҪ˼򾢶ˡ
࣬Ŭ඼ѧ֪ʶõ
ʦѾ׬ˣȥòҵĶǰЦ˵Ҳǻ
üֵҲĲ֡һʼǺһɵˡ
ǰҡҡͷͼᶨʦǲһʼġĿǻ꣬ʵԶԶֹ֪渶ѪҲ֪һֱ뷨Ŀгɹģֻ꣬ǰæҵõĶѾ㹻ˣȥȡĳɹ
ĿͿɵ
ԶԶֹɡ
һĻ֮ǰͿʼ׼Ķ
һۣһûûҹо͸
ڴ֮ǰĺüоɹأΪ˻ѵʱ;ֵݳɹҲֵ
ǰռҲռ
򾢻˵ʲôǰͷЦ۾
ʦһᣬѵѧԺͬȼֵĶ𣿡
ᣬһӿŬһӿΪʱ;˿̲ҪȥռʦĹ͡
δһգ῿Լõ
ǰš
أ򾢺ͳһ£Щ
Σ˵޽ڣһͽܣһѧ
ѵõģûдŵ٩ҲûЦ˵
˺һ򾢲Ż¶Цݡ
ͯǰҵ׷ңԽҡ
ѧˡ
ʹˣҲˡ
һһ꣬ʱۻҵ͸ĶõʱרоΪΪ˻ŬˣΪʲôøأ
˵ͷǲ
ͷϣܲˣҲϣή
δվһġ
򾢴˿ˣԼɹҪˡ
룬ڸеʱͻȻΪͽڵһμ͸Ƽһ֪ѧҡ
ǵĿĶ̫̫ˡ
ǶֻҪ
Щʱ򣬻ССվǵصΪ֮ŬΪ֮ƶǰ
̫ˡ
ۿһСɲ
δСһߣ
Ǹߡ
ǻϣҲϣ
ǰûкһдģҲûԼ֡
Ҳûĺۼһؼǰģ򾢱дĵʱǰƪķ˳ȥ
ǰļ棬ֶдһʡ
ѾˣкҲͬһǰ䶯ƴпƴǱͬһ꼶бĵˡ
֮ǰһֱĿûʲôһƪĳò˻ͯǰôһˡ
пƴ
㿴ͯǰģϸ½һ档
ӹ濴
֮ǰͯǰҲСûʲôϢˣ˵˴ѧˡ
򣬲òϣȷʵжŮ٣ѧұŮѧҶ˺ܶࡣ
ȻͯǰʲôɾͣȻͯǰֵùע
ô롣
ʶͯǰģǸѱ½룬˸˺ӡ
ˣעƽ
˺þã֮ЩԾ̧ͷⶼɵģ
Ȼ½ͷ
һĴָ˵֪ڸʲôû뵽Ȼôӵ㣬û׷ѡ
½һ£Щɸֵ˵
Ϊ͸𣿣֪鶼İæ𣿣겻ѧӴ֪ʶǰ׼̨磡ٶ࿴飬ԼҲݣҵѧԲܱǸ϶
־ųĶ䣬קʵߡ
Զ׼ԼǱ򾢲ˣָֻͯǰˡ
˲϶ۣһ𾪡

ͯǰô𣿣
ƴ
ѾͷǲӳɫҴôѧУһʦЦ۾
ѾˣԭҲҪѧϰģֻϵĿ㣬Ͷһʱ䡣
ԣ㶵һˡ治дͯǰϴѧɾ٣ôƴˡû׼ʲôʱͻȻġ
һѡֺг½롢·ͯǰǣ˱½벻ĸˣһһɫʦΪп̧󣬡ǰ棬Ҫͣ˺ˡ
ЦţҾ

·¶һЦݣ˵
ͯǰüûˣҪ͡
˵꣬ͷʵ顣
ϣŬô࣬츳Ŭˣɲ١
ŬԼƴⷢȡ
ͬ췱ǣЩǹ΢΢ɼЩȴҫۣɺӡ
ֻǷǣȴҲŬҫۣԡ
򾢿ʼдĵʱҲĿ֮ǰıҲߵβ
ѧҪѧ֪ʶѾգоŽӴרҵ֪ʶҲ˲١
һ꣬ѾûбҪˡ
򾢽е칫ҡ
ǰѧѾԱҵˣԼǸʲô㣿
ǰĬ˰Ρ
֮ǰǸʦææµµͻȻͣæµЩӦ
ʦʲôأʡ
룬¶һЦݣذôεЦЦȻ᲻ãʱˣӦóѧϰˡǰͨ㣬ʲôʱȥ͸дƼš
֪ǰͬΪڶ֮󣬳Ĭãֻ˵仰
ǰһ΢΢ۡ
۾Ǽᶨɣ
Щؿôаţ
ԼҪдģ͹˲ǰˣƵĿҲҪϣǰҪһ꣬϶š
ǰͷת淭һļеݸ򾢡
ǵģܹܲ⿿һƼţҲשġ
ǰͷЦݲã֮ǰʦĿʱе뷨ʱ㣬ֻҪĲ֣û롣ʱˣΣָ
δȫšƼȥоȻȥˣҪѧϰҲҪʦˡ
ҪԼש
һ㶡
ΣָָЩСǽϵͳʽü֣ɲ׼ȷ
Ҫ̽ѧⷽ顣
һӡӴĹ̡
ҪӴļ㣬ҲҪѲ
ǰΣָѡѸӴʯأΣָֻһС裬û׼
ֻû뵽ǰѡⲿ֡
ȻֻһС֣ǰڶԣǷǳѵĲ֡
費Ҫó
ǰܾˡ
ʦӣЩСˡ
Ҳû׼Լһ
ʮһ¶죬ǰ༭һʼ͸һˡ
·Լӿ
ǰλǵǰһμͬ飬һλǵǰո磬һβμģʹʱһλѧϵѧ
ǰӿ鲢һȽصȽ
ȻЦ˵ҪӿùϵѧѧúõѧƵͣʱдĿקϾ׬ˡ
ǸʱǰԲ뵽λӿͬѧһ뺯


123 
ʼ, ǰϸҪĿԼĿĿǰһЩ׼Ԥʱȵȡ
дúϸǵĿ, ԴҲǳг⡣
ʼǰ㿪ʼŵصȴ
·ͳһֱϵ, ·ܿ͸ǰϢȥ
ԼӿǱ, ʱûϢ
ǻ᲻᲻ͬⰡûˣĸ뵽İ, ѧ֣Ӳ֣·ѧӿæ㡭ǰָͷ, ԵЩ
ǰʱ, ǶĿš
Уȱĸ֣ɻѶȼӴ٣ǰҪɵ뷨Щʵˡ
½ǰˣ᣺ǻӦġ
Ǳ½ķ, š
ǰϴʼͯԺ֪ǰͱ½벻֯, ŮҲ
, ͯԺʼڱ½롣
˵ĳ, ܲһֺò, չ˺ǰȵȡ
Ժĩǰ;ͱ½аˡ
ȻȻǺܸкǰദĻᡣ
ĳ˵϶ôտҲúܲˡ
ţǰ濴
֪, ½벻һäĿŵˣô˵϶ԭġ
ܺ棬Ϊʲôôƶ
ͳǿ϶һ˵ģûѲֵĿһǡǻܺ档½ÿǰ룬ȳԷ
ǰϽ۾ȴ۰ͰͿű½룬ϣԸһ𰸡
½ΣЦŽ͡
бȽϳɫģĿʦĿϢϢأ磬صĿǳ࣬˵Żǰһ󲽡ʦǿĻᣬܹһĿҲǻٲ뵽С
İŷǳԻλ˼пյʱһһһѧеٮٮߣزֵݣܾ𣿡
ǰһ㶣ʶҡҡͷ
ܾġ
ܹŻУԼܹ飬ͬٮٮЯŬǳˡ
ӿ½ΣҲͲܱ֤ˣļǰٷ֮ʮ
ǰͷһ߳һ˼
󡭡
ԼԶˣ
ǰۣ磡
ո˼ʶسеķˣ½ʵ̫ˣȻ˺ܶܶˣ⣬û˲٣
½գգ۾޹Ҳǹġ
ǰ̫ˣӦٶԵ㣬ֵźá
ߣҲŲأ
пƴ
ʦҪȥᶨ
½ĥ򾢵ͽܣΪҵѧƾʲôȥ򾢵ͽܰæ
ҲǰæұͱȽϸȤ·ӿˣҺþûкǼˣȥᶨŰ
½񣬺˼ɫӡ
һ򾢣һ־óȥͬһĿҲһõĶᡭ

ͯǰΪʲô򾢵ͽܣ
½û˵ˣԷѾͬˡ
¶ЦݣͻȻЦҿɲôɴӦҵͬԺһĿ
˵ֻ꣬ʹ绰ȥˡ
ǰûоܾ
̸߸˻ʰ
½ˣɫÿЩѧû򾢵ͽԿʱˣ
뵽һȥܾҪü£һ䡪
ȥ˺úñ֣ͽܱȲ㣡

ǰյ绰֮ǰͻظʼ˵Ҫ
Ȼ½룬ܹͬٮٮһŬϢǾûвͬġ
ǣڳ·ѧʱٴƳٳʦıУ˳Ϲˡ
ǰԭΪҪȺܾòŻŵӿʵһͻظˡ
ʡ
ܼ޽𣿡
ǰܡ
ң
ǰ
û뵽򾢾Ȼӿż
Ҳû뵽ӿȻôˬʹӦˣ
ȷʵ룬ʯĻûз£Ѿ㹻úܶˡ
һûкദҲͲ֪׶ˡ
ǣ
о׶Σʵͨģڸѧ˵ѧܺӣǰͶѧ˿๤ģӿȻҲҪ滨ʱ;ġ
ֻǰѧ϶ǱȲӿӿñȵǰ
ӿΪʲôӦģڴӦˣǰԾǺ¡
ʮһ¶ʮš
ھѧˡ
Ŀ֮󣬾ѧˣʵң豸õĴʵ벻򾢾Ͱʵҽǰˡ
Ҫģƪķ֮ʱҲʵңҪҲоǸͰѾѧʵҽǡ
ɹ֮󣬱ѧΪصĿڹʾ
ǣУѧǺ䶯ˡ
ȥʲôǿǿϣ
ԿУĿ
ʲôԣֻҪܹҵ·ӿЩ˰æ
ǹƴģѧУѧȻҪȥѧĿͯǰ˭
ǰͯǰ㲻֪
ۡͯǰǾѧŮʦ򾢡Ҳǳܹ뵽ţҲ
ǹƴϵأ
пƴʾҲпƴϵơ
ʾ·ͬϡ
ѧͯǰ˭Ǹϵƣ
ԡепƴѧϵӿզ£
¥ϲô֪òãûĿ𣿲֪ţƵѧϵѧܰ϶æͯǰܹ뵽ӿҲţƣ
˵Уѧǡʵǻʶ
һ¾֪ͯǰ·ǵһμӰƥõ˴𽱵ˣ⻹һˣǾѧϵı½룡ԣǸһ˰˰Ѿ˾ı½/΢Ц
Աˡ

ǰǲ֪ڹעǣʵϣȻ罻㿪ĴָΨһõľ΢ţҪǺʶ˷Ϣδעԡ
Уѧ֪ܺܲɼкܶҪǣһɣΪ֡
ǰܾˡ
Ѿ뵽ãҪٶһЩæ
ǿ˼֮ͶоС
˶ˣҲֻо˿Ϊ·ģֹȷɡ
Ƕ뱻ԷȥƵŬ
Ϊ˵ǰææ
֮󣬰ŵһѩĵǰǵĿѹء
ѹǰʼ⣬ûкõĽ취ֻܺͳô⡣
һüûнչ
ҲǣҪǶô׳־Ͳڻоˡ
סǰҲס˳ˡ
ʵѹЩ͡
ӿ̫Ѩ̧ͷһ˼ǰˡ
죬ȴֱסû˵
ʱ򣬳˵һ뷨Ŀǰ˵
ڹԼĹ۵㣬Ǻܿ죬ˡ
ԣȫûģ̫ˣü궼㲻
񶨳֮ԼҲһЩ뷨ȴֱǰͳ񶨡
ĸˣ뷨Ϸ񶨡
üͷԽԽԽš
ӿӲ˵ˣӣ
һѧϵģæˣһۻˡ
½ʱģ½һ˲䣬ӿ˿
ĸ˻ۡ
ôˣ½ʡ
ӿƫͷѹϵˡʵ̫ˣ
ţ½뿴
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ӿһ֣½ǽˣǾȻΪоԲԲȣֱˣ
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أ㰮Ե輦⡣½˵ţǰǷݴӴ
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ͱ½ûܣԼо̡
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üɸѡɡ
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124 ֣ϣ
ӿ뵽, λڼͽ򣬿ǲѧò
Ǹ
ǰʱǸ˵ģܿȴҡҡͷ, ˣ취, ǲ, Ҳæ
û£Ҳæ½ؿ, 飬мְƣǰ᲻̫, 㡣
סǰûÿӵֻ, ȵ¶ȴָ⴫ǰĿڡ
ͷһůӱ½룬һǰ⡣
ʱ򣬳һۣһһ, һ
ֵÿ죡
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ӿչȥ, Լصĺɫ۾, ½룬ѽ⩢յ֪ʶ̫Ҳ̫ˣҪҲѰɣ
½뿴һۣû˵
㣡½, ץʱѽھͿˣθ۰ͰͿű½롣
·Ҳ¶ͬ顣
ӿԼţôˡ½ǵ𽱣ûˣзǳţƵĻ
½ͷҾ죬⼸죬ǰҡ
ܾû֤ݡ
Ǳ½ţҲǼϵģ֪˽⣬ʵȴԶԶǰǡ
֮ûһǷǳӣһ詢ǿ֪ʶϵǰԱ߰ű½룬ȷʵ
Ȼ½˽ģȴҲʵ
ˣ쿪ʼǰǸű½ڼ
˶Ĭͨ½һǰ֪詢ʲôǰ˼ǿҵ½Ҳܾ׼˽⡣
ʱһ˷㱡½ǰ֣˺͸ϴ˯
Ǳ½ϲһʱ䣬ѾܾûкǰһôˣǺæææҵ
ÿ䶼ǵЦһֱķ䶼֡
һֱ쩢깤ʱ߲Ҫǰˣ½ûǰߡ
ǰΣ磬Ѿﲻʲôˡ
½뿴ŵίͰͣҡңҲж
Դǰļϣ˲䡣

ǰԲ۾
½̧ͷԣǼⰤһ𣬺ϣ᣺Ҫ𣿡
ǰӰ룬Щ͸оһҲʧȥ
ǰæӹΪ۽ǰߡ
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½뱾ͺÿҲռѧô꣬µٺܽܽĺʹϡ
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Իûлعʱıܾ˵ã
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½ˣǵЦݣͷ΢΢£ѸǰĴϵһ㡣
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ǰ漴һҧֻס޹Уȥ
󣡡һȥ
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÷ǳãǰǳһֱҲˡ
ͻȻӿ죬ʱҲݺݾһ¡
֪Ǳ½֮ͷһĬ漴Ա½̬ȶ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼ׼ԺлҲϡ
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½ҲֻǴҴҸͣͲҴš
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ףоѧӵвͬѰִźͷźͷĳһ˸¡
һεĩԣǰֱ󣬵һûκθϰ
ھѧϵѧd˵ΨһһοԳǰĻᣬϾĿ֮ǰҲǰǱҵˡ
½ÿ쵽ʵҵʱ򣬿ĶǼͷԴ˻ֻֽŷ
û˵û˽ǰҲûкͱ½
½һ߳òУһҪĵͯԺ⼸ˡ
·ݵʱĿɡ
ʣġ
ǰ߳ʵҵʱ򣬶΢΢۾
һεʵ飬ǲԼ˸̵ʶҲʶ
·һƣ۾ǣĺ㣬ϣδǻкĻᡣ
ԭʶҺָԶŬӵг˵츳һΪһĿսʱĬЧȻ
ͷһĿǰΪֹһκ
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ڣһжֵõġ
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֪ͯǰǿڼѵӵʱʵǲ籡½롢˳ɫġ
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Ŀǰڵʱ˿û£˺ڣԶԶ׿ǣ˵ѹʵǰ
ܹսԼǰֱû
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漴һԶԶȥ۵۾ǰЦԽãͷǣ֡
лιǺĺܸˡδ̽УϣǶӡ
ǻһǰǿΪ֪ԼҲԽԽǿ
㶣һ֣ǰֱϡ
Ըδõĳɼ
󣺡Ըѧ֮̽겻𣡡
·ԸϢ
ֵֻһ𣬶ӵʱһ¶ᶨЦݡ
Աߣڵӿĵ
Ҳ⼸һˣ
ʵϣӿ⼸ӡһпƴ󣬱ʾ뷨詢ӿ
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·Ҳˣǰ̧ͷ·ͷ½վǶ׳ţп㣬ͦΣ信㡣
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½ڵ÷࣬˵ˣ
ԭݣһȦ˶˺ö࣬½һ͸оˣǸɫֱڵĲС
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ڼҲԺڱ½ͰַѼڼһ֮ǰɫںҲ˼
·ݵʱǰǵķˡ
ڡNature͡Sceϣǵģ߶ˡ
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ǰ˵˺ܴĹעӿѧϵҲһ˹עš
½룬ΪǸҲõ˺Щע⣬ãҪæ
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ѧڡѧԺԺʿ򾢣ŵѧ
лҪ˵ûдǰõ˶Ϊᣬոնʮꡣ
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125 ֣£
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򾢵ı²ֵŵѧ
ʵһֱֵõģֻһֱûѡ,оɹѾȫ֪
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ʦ,ǻĿѧҡ
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ǻһ,˵Ϣ죬һֱԸ½ˣЩڰƥʱܵķ̣ڽ,һĶ˻ȥ
,½Ҳǿϲġ
ʦǼͽҽԺԼ壬һá
ǹٷý廹˽ý壬һ˲ӵ,ֱΪ±ʾף
˶ɷ򾢡
ʱ򾢺ǰоʵ,档
ǰк,ϲ,ʦ,ϲ
һ᲻˿̣ȻҲƽһ,gǰ˵ллһݹͣϧûд֡
ǰЦҡҡͷҲ⣬ʦӦģҲӦǹҵġ
ʦЩûΪκͣ½Ųûн飬Ҳûкӣֻо
ִִŵһôһŵѧԺģ
ѧҪõǸףٲףٲҲϡڿѧ֮·ϣҲסˡ
򾢾֤
ǰķǳˡ
򾢿ģ̲סЦҺһֱڵĹ⻷
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ǰеΣЦʦ˵ʲôأһ£㱾ͱʲôڵһ˵ڵֻǱȶѣˣҲڡһŬڲסģ
ȵһ죬˱ģʱ򣬲Ӧӵй⻷ʱ
ԽǿŻԽս
ԣһ㶣漴Ц
ܺãǰҺϲ̬ȣһҪӡһ·̫ߣһɽһɽߣѧ֮·ûоͷûһģôߵóԶºͷ̫ףԶֲѡǰʦϵһÿΣϣպ󲻹ʲôʲôҫҪǵġ
ǰţصͷ
ԶԼ룬ҲԼǿ̽桢˽Ѥǿյĳġ
ʲôʱߣʡ
ɣܵʱû취ʦˡ
Цˣû£գɰ裬ҵ
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á
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ͬ򾢸֮ǰԼ˱½ڲٳ档
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֪Ҫ˵ʲô½û˵ЩͳԺƽʱһ
ʱ򣬲ٳ˲̧࣬ͷʱ򣬿ԿѧǽŲҴңơ
ѧУȲԱڷŸ衣
ʲôʱɳƣͷ߶ŲƺϵСݣһ
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Ҳ꣬ʱ䣬Ӱ룬ЯͬС
еʱܾó˾ͺã˾Ҳֿˡ
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磬ҰˣҲҡҵĸ磬лл㣬лл㰮ңҲллչҡҡܹߵ죬Ϊ㡣
ûб½룬ػһǰҲ֪Լ᲻ٴλͯǰӡ
ôһˣһֱߣοȰ
Ϊ˰ʫͮͯ˷ѱʱ䣬ǰ׷Ρ
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½룬һУıء
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