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ǰׯ԰֣Ҳη塣
ӳҵ۵СӶС
ȻôӳСӳ
һ۾϶֪ࡣ
м۰Ȼʱ̫ˡ
ǰľͽ˵ܣȻϹ
ϵʮԳԺȺ̸һһޡ
ǰܼҷıĹ¡
1.  һ   Խ

ͨ
Сˮˣ
ʶȫ֮ǰȻһ˾ˮԼ
ͷαƵĶ̲סˡ
ȻŮ˵ѣǳֻþˣ˭ΪԼء
ֱһֱȻʶع飬ͷ۾
ԲĸŮ˿ۡ
ޡȻɤӳ
Ů˿޵ĸǼңҵĹﰡˣҪиҸܵô
ȻľˣʲôûӦһֻ̯˹ȥ
ҿĺɱǧġ
û˵ͱæŷнס죺壬Ҫ
˵ôⲻǰ·ϱ𣡡Ů˻޵
˽ҽӣһҽԺǽĲɣӰįĲʮľ١
֣ȥɣ
ŸյԼǰĶӣۿĺˣԼλҲԼӡ
˵罨ũã˭֪డ̫ܵ࣬쵼ʣԼŮҺõʦҲˡ
һֱԼλøպãϲ࣬СܰҸ
⻹ͷһξԼСԼ޶ס
֣磡
ͦͦСظᶨĿŰְ֣ְǸߴΰӢۣҲҪΪӢۡ
ӵĻöصĺӺۣ§סӵͷöӡ
ûȥһ쵼򲻵ѲԼ硣
֪Լ˼⣬Ϊ˴ҳСҶסΪԼе
ҪˣҪȥ㣬ɿң
ɢȥ˶һԹϱСӣӣ
ӴŶ֨ҽűϵ
ȻˮԺĻǻõƬһһĻĻĲš
ԭװǸ࿡ݵʦսʱº͡
ԭĸ̷ִ⽨˼ڶӴ̵ʱ˵¡
ԭװʧٵʱԭҰŮִӲ˰ҡ
ִ޹̺źãԵ֮δһ㿷֮ޣɢִԱ顣
˱ŮȻȫҶ
ֹ꣬ԭĸ׶Ҳûԭһִʩѹ˨ס
Ҹ۵ļеԲҲоӵķ֮һȥҽԺ顣
С٣аȻǧ֮һĸʣ¼ϸǰСȻﶼ»ˡ
Ȼļ͹ùöǵССͽŵִչ˵ģֶǴѵģ۷۵С
Сﰲĵĳ꣬ʱͻȻŹùõĶӽãִĶӽеܵܣҲֺǡ
˭뵽ִ֮Ͱ÷Ⱥ󶼲Уʮ»̥ϣȻ͵ܵܰꡣ
Сĵλүϣһ·˳˳ˮĻ17бҵ
ҵǰһ꣬͸Ů˹ϵڳеѧʦ˭֪ҵ׼ȥְͱ֪ͨҵҪȥ硣
Сؼҵ·Ͽ޵ּ´ؼҾͲˣҩûµģСӲһһء
ڶСղ˱ȫ˿˾ҽԺˮ
ȻоСĺܶϰ߸ԼͻȻͷѣоԺʲôںԺʲôѿ佥ںϡ
Խ£ĸڵʱԼ̳˽ÿʱÿ̶Ͽͬʦׯ԰Լ֪ʶ뼼ܡ
길ĸڴϷǻִѣԼ㱻帧
ĸСԼҪκˣκ˽ӽԼĿĵģһҿԼ̰Ż
ΪĸȨƿԼˡ
ԼԼ֮ȫʶԼڵʱչ˾ŻвƲ⣬Ȼ㶼׸С
Լÿµʳסж߱׼ҡ
ôҲ۲ƣȻЩС⣬еҡ
Ǽıͱ߻۸ԼԼĶǱµӰѵܻ˵Լûĺӣǿɨǡ
ȻҲɹ֪ʲôûеĺӵҲõġ
ʮǰȻ׬˰ңʹﵽ˰ı׼û䡣
ʮ죬ȻһԾΪ׸ﾻʲɵй⻹Щεġ
ʮһ꣬СﶼͣȻֻ÷ζպ岻֪ʲôԼμᡣ
ԼûڣѰҲʹ˳ȥԼһ˸硣
ˮһ̰Ȼûʹֻ࣬нѡ
ԼҪ˰ɣ뵽ԼõŲһ̾ѾȫƲҡ
ԼҲȫѻԼţòһҹƾҪΪ˹˰ɣǣͦȤġ
֮һƬڰԼںڰ˭Լ
Ǻǣ۱ã¾ˣ
ԱɲŶȻƨƨ
ȻʱֶܹԴһžԴĵط
ϰϡ
û°ɣ⺢̫оˣҪҪȥҽԺ
°Ȼʵ̫ۺߺ߱˯ˡ
֮°Ȼʱʱ֣߰ϳԣ֪Լתˣǲ֪Ϊɶû
һɲǣȻ֪ԭǽһ̺ȵİǺˡ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôôļ䣬Ҳ֪Լ̥ǻ괩νˡ
Ȼ˽ֻ֪Լһ˰Լļ˺ճ˵ĵܵܣǰȻϱõģҲԼġ
ʹһңòССİȻǼʵģȻҲɵĸӽ档
۾ûȻѾίڣ裬ҿʡ
ԱιˮִϽ׺͸СʿһĸŮ촽ˮ
ˮֲȻ۱㿴۵һɣİְֻϲĵܵܡ
㣡ˣ̫ˣҸ
ӻͳӣ΢ȵ
ԣԣԲ¡ȻܵܵͷСͷģʹҲɸɾġ
ԣþûʳˣǶԹˡɵĺﲻܡ
Ȼ֪ǿ϶ûԣµˣƱǰԼܵҪԺⱻĸˣү̼Լӣﻹʣµġ
ԱСŰӳԡִ˵Ŵ򿪷УǽӲճС࣬ӦԼһС׷ݶ˰ɡ
裬ҳԲˣһԡ˵ŰȻְѰһ˷һ롣
費ԣϳԡ
ҲԣڶϳԵĺ⡣
ţԣҸֶûţЩ̫ˣ
Ȼ͵ðһϵζǶѵܲƭԼ
ȻίСèҪŻһӡ
ǲҲˣ˰ӷŷиϱӲǡ
ԱԣҲԣԱ֪ԱԷ
Ŷ㣬İӺ㰡
ţҲʣĺ񣡡͡
ȻСԴϿŶ˲ΪЦĺһӺҧһڡ
ȻҲӸĺóԣʱİⶼζŨƤʵ֭ںóԵİȻҪͷˡ  
С¶ȸպãθﰲȻ˶ˡ




2.  ڶ   ռ

ϣڰȻҪ°Ůؼҡ
ǾԱȰؼҵģȻϾüգΪЩӲ·̫ãȻЩƨɡ
ھҽԺҲԶʮӱ㵽˼Ժ
ש߷ûҪ¥ûãԼӵòʩչ
פصָӹˣᵱʦǿսʱۼƵĺպսԹŮ˳Ƕ൱ǵĹ
ԭүүϸΪ񲻺ñڴӲӲԶس˷ӡ
Ȼ³͸оܶڿ̽Լ̧Ǽ¥ǣ˵ԼǸΣȻ˵ʲô
ŽݣȻЦãԼôء
ש߷ڶϢΰ˵Ƭ룬ǽϻʽӱһǽһ˵Ľ״
ɾһŮ˾Ǹġ
Աţտ
һһ䣬ǰ΢ЩĶݸĵģһǽһŸ˽
Ȼ͸Ϣıڵ¶Ҳûһ˯ȥˡ
ȻۣϤĸоϮϤζԼķ䣬ʹԼ첲
ۣŶΰ
ȻҲһ°ɣ߳ﶼǰ̱ĸʳģűķڱֺʷˮ
Ȼӳ̳һֻзڹׯ԰ЩСл
ׯ԰һƬ˵أǼﰢֵģܸɾҲϧԺԲˡ
سȻ˸зƶûûξˣȻߵĴ˴ӡ
أҪǳѾͺˡ
ȻߣӶзƶͻȻһ̶ôԼǰȻ㶹ǿϲⲻԼղĶ
ȻţȻׯ԰ԼԼȥҲûʲôɣ
Է
ˣĺȻæЬ
ϵۣƮŵͻȻЩǷϣҪԼóͺˡ
裬л˵ִ忴ŮЩǷϣΪΪ£ŹŮһݡ
զ˱
Ůǲˣ
ŷżӣȻҪԼ¸ߵǺԼⱲҲûʲôˡ
裬˵ϱӵº̥¡
Щ㶣⺢Ӳӳʲô˰ɡ
ȻЩţһзͳϣŻ˷
⣬Ůɶ
ȻΪǱԼֶŵˣԭǱзˡ
Ů˵˵ǰ¡ҲǼһЩֶεģЩսͶˡ
ǰڸԣ˼ңҸо費ңֻҵɼ̳ˣÿѧϰһҲһΡ
Ȼ˵ȥЩڰȻ¶һĨ΢Ц
Ů˵۵ĲУִĨŮ⺢СС;ͳôࡣ
꣬ȥˣҳ˿˸ĸĺӣңҰŲһһûõ
ʮҼ̳мҵʮһҾ͸о˼û˼˳ˮ度
ءۿҲˡ
֮ҾĶְ棬ҸܵŨŨİճǳһ̱ˮǺ֮¾ͼǲˣڼǵþˣڸղܻصǰķˡ
ִЩ㶣ԼŮǰôĿ࣬ǼҳΪǵıŮ
裬磬̫ܵСˣҲ̫
⻰ִˣŮһܴɣһܺ°ɡ
ԱִҪޡ
裬߿ָҾܻˡȻ֮Ǹ緢¸֣֮ǿôˡ
Ȼɹ˵裬ᱣԼԼٲ߱пռ䡣
ϵĵзһֱĶţȻҪ۳
ҲûԹִˣľګĵͷ
ڿϣȻó߸⣬һͽӹŮǯ̺
һֻʮĵз¶ǣһ˶ЩţȻֿŶЦˣмҵĸоð
㣬ԲԷѽҶ˰ڷϵ˺ð죬Ҳ˶̱ϡ
һ˲ﶼǣ˶ӣܵܣˡ
ȣóȥҲȥԵɡεȣ𶹸˳Ŵڳ̨ϡ
˳ӾͿ̱϶Ĳеİꡣ
ȻЩΣǰְǼˡ
һȥϴ֣ʢŲӣ̶ȥˡ
˲ָܳȥ˶
ȻЩԲˣԳԵĺ٣ǰְԷٶȸǸճԱӣֻĶһһŲӳˣðɲġ
ȻЦߣһѵܵܵͷȥٻ¥ҪȥĶˡ
㣬ȥӺҪġ
ԣҪ쳤Ŷ㱣㣬ڻ̫Сˡ
ܵܵĻȻжĲУԭǼҵů
ãֻСèƵĲ˲䰲Ȼ֡
Ůô˵æóٿǮ͸ƱݸȻŮǮƱЩϲģ򡣡
裬ǮȻҲǸСţֺͼүСʱʱ͸㻨ǮڻкҲǧѿˣûƱ
үүǰһٶݽһҲһٶʮ顣
ǰһٶ࣬һҲжٶ࣬һҲʮ顣
ﻹиֲԶԼﺢҲǺܴ󷽣ǼΨһСﰲȻ
СøСøȥǣʱʱĻԼʼĸֺÿ·
԰ȻԺĽĺû֮һ
ڶϻЩƱҲû˭ܻЩͬ½꺢Ҳ࣬һȥġ
УµĽҶˣ²ûˡ
Уţ໻ЩۼһгƱûˣҵƱƱ
ǮŽﻳպ÷øЩûɼҵĻЩûɼҵĻࡣ
ڶһ磬Ȼûͱ˶ѣԺ۾ͿԼɵܵڿϿԼ
Ĵ۾˵ȫǽ
ȻܵܵԹ϶ϴµİͷʹ໹һˬڵСƹϡ
갲յȥϴ룬ȻȥⷿóгŰȻŵܵȥ
һСʱȻڼֲȥʱﵽѳĴͣϣŵĴүǮٻ¥ȥˡ
İٻ¥ϵⰸųӣǼɳ㡣
ȻǳǴҪҪԼɶС
Ǵ棬ȻҲûȥ磬ֱӽ˰ٻ¥
һ¥ȻЩ㳦¥·ȱֱ¥¥ǻеƷǮǮҲûƱ˿ȻһֱֻһƱͶʮǮ
ԼбǰүүİٴǸĹŶǮҲģһһġ
֮ЩСĺƿˮ߽Ӫꡣ
磬Ӫ˲̨࣬ϹżӣȻҪ˸׷
ﻹзǵǵһ룬׷룬İȻЩԺѾʼڿˮˡ
ŵܵ۲ģȻԹϣ԰ɣȥ⣬ؼۻԺ⡣
Сһһ۾ģһܵĳ
ȻȥⰸӣѾûˣʣµľˮ͹ͷȻֻҪ˸ͷϾˮζʵܲˣǸɾĻãûʰľˡ
ȥȡ˳ؼҵ·ǿģȻûһ͵ˣϵ軹ûء




3.     ү̼

صңȻѼϱ㿪ʼʰԼĶùʼĹ䣬ǹùøȻȥ׼ġ
¹ëشкüкȹӺͲȻͲˡ
׹װʹ޵İ䳤仹Ϊ˵ʦ׼İ׳ë¡
˵ĵطе䣬ô䣬ҲǶů
˵ʣµðʼĹȥһµҲԼȥžˡ
ְֲܱסŮҲŮ˸ܺõĵط硣
ֵȻȥǱ߶͹ũææҲæȥһһׯڣһ¼è
ְǰһֵµųȥﵱװԼȥҲ൱бϵġ
Ȼֻʰ·ԼСʣµİ趼׼
Ȼȥģǰ˵سǿܻᱸʹǮƱҲõȡ
㣡ͷ㰲ŵ
Ȼڰ֮ǰѼǺգʣµĺ˸ǻ˰㳦оǰѰİͷڽǹ
ͬ־Զżζˣпڸˡίʦһ°࣬ŵղܵζˡ
Ǻǣͬ־ȥԵ㣬϶ҹŮˡЦȥĲӶˡ
ίҲ֪Ѿͷ¶ҼҶбľԼСӱҪӣ˭Ҳˢ硣
ˣҲȥҼ
лȥɣǶҼҺȾƣү֪𣿡
֪˵ˡίԼŵϼ磬ϾǹģϺȥﻹܰŵġ
ҽȥˡԺӣִҲˡ
壬˵۹Ůɶˣô㣡ӹϱ
ѾͷӦˡ
ǰζɱˡ鲻Խľ˵ͺˡ

Ļ㣬۹Ůǵ洫
߻컬ִ࣡ûĽɷһۡ
ϱľˣЩ˵ϱ䲻Լǲ֪ԼСϲǸͬӡ
̻ԼȢϱը˻ƵģûԼʱٴǿԺǸͦġ
裬ݳԷ˴ͷĻζھӴζɢˣʦҲǲô
ˣִŤһɷ򣬰ȥѹϴŽݡ
Ƕʲôô϶࣡ȻԼùȥ
˭֪ˣͦġһߣǰӹŮ衣
һڿȳԷûɶǱҪġ
迴ǵһĴͷ֭ͷ²ǰ¸µĽǶˡ
û£¸¹Ůڼңүΰɡ
ƽ鰲ʹһ鼹ǣһҧͳˣ治ͷľ㣬ǹӪҲûô㰡
Ͱ˸ǳԵͷ̧ȻϲʷʵĺԳԵĶ֭ͷԡ
ΪϲȻĵĳԳˣһ̫࣬ǵǵһһӲûˣʣµİŰײȡ
Ȼһ°׼ĶµֽϵһӦȫЩְҲŮò
ְ߰ͣǱԼսѽӣһҲԼŮá
˵᲻̫ߵĹߵЩôˡ
裬ȥү̣ȥ 
ȻţԼǰÿĩҪȥү棬һͲ֪ʲôʱܻˡ
Ҹ趼߲ðȥִ嶼ΪǰŮ˼٣͹ȥˣϾ컹Ҫ͹Ůء
ڶϰ갲ȻүסСسǡ
үүסسǱһСԺԺӺܴ˹Ϲ߲ˣʱռЩԵϱҲһֻ۱һֻۣҲû
һԺүүŲñŸͷٵأŮϽ˳ͷŰȻϿ¿
ඣүĹԱˡү֪ŮίȴҲֻۣϾԼ쵼ĺӽҲˣԼֻܺƤкҲ
̵ĹԱˣ̿δȵһС̫̫˳ŰȻ۵Ĩᡣ
ү̣û£ѣ˵ǽũ壬ŮҲǸשߣ
ģҰŮӿˣȥŮԵǵعϣ
ͷԼŮۣ
ô˵ţҲعϽ˳үŰ̵ıӰһЦ
ͷһСϳѰүӴЦˣŶС̿춼ɺˣҲˡ
ȻЦڵܵߣȥҧһӰЦˣţ𣬲ֵӣ
СүүӵĶͷİ꿩ֱЦ
Ȼһ̲ˮȵʮǵ԰
ү̼ҳǵعϺ;²˺ӣ̫֮ǰ˼ҡ
֮ǰ̻ԼһƱݺͶٿǮ
ؼҰ¸˵ˣѰȻƱݶãжڵҹðֻ˳ڵġ
Զ׼ˣ͵֪ͻƱˣҲˡ
ȻڶϰֱٿǮһȥ˳ǵĻƱ
֪粹ֻһ壬ΪǿԵӲǷһ
ǳʵǹܲסҲôӲԣϾ˵ϻлƴꡣ
ĻƱͳһģɲ⣬һϰ˵Ļ𳵣컹ڼҲ߰ɣصǵط϶ǲ˯ˡ
ԼһǮһƱȻֻһڶʣµĶսռ䣬ϾʱǮ㻨ѾǴˡ
ȻԼӦǾ޸Ե˰ɹ
Ȼţһ𣬰ȻҲǰȻǰȻִıŮ
ʱת۾͵һţȻûṻҵůѾҪˡ
ְֽþСżմһȥվСѰȻİŵȻλϱߡ
ΪȽȻλϻһûУСҲһֱڳϴ
Ůվ³㣬Ҫˣְȥ˰³Ȼһ˸еıҲ¶ϰһԲϰԼ»ľġ
𳵷Ȼߵλûˣֱ˾ǳϵ˲Ŷ󲿷ֶꡣ
ʱһŮ˵ˣǶ罨ũ𣿡
˲֪ʲô˼ȻҲŵͷ
ҽ÷Ǿǵģ÷ĸ羰
Աߵü֪Լʲôʱû÷ˣȥżҼԼ治֪˭
ǾҸ㲻졣˵žȥ۲м
̧ۿһ۰Ȼ˵ȥӡ
ǷĿĵ˳ǺӣҿҲϵĳȥİ˵һ黨ԲĹ￴Ȼ
ãҰȻͺãҲˣȥ˳ǺӣǻͦԵֵİ
Ȼ۾γɾȻҲԸǸͦģǲԼϣҲ̫Ը˵ӣȻѡ񲻴
Ǹ÷ȻĲ̫ϲ۾תĲͣ˻ñǿףǲ֪Ǳǿ׶󣬰С˽ύǿһ۶θڡ
ǺãǿܾҸڣ˫̥Ҳһ𱻷ֵ˰С
ǺãҽпڡǸͷǶŰȻͷһӷȡ




4.  4   ˳

۵۵һ磬Ȼ˸Ϳܾ仰
ʱ䶼ڿϾʱڻϿ𲻱Ҫ鷳
һϾʹ˵ζеǼġ
ͬ־ʹӦʲôʳʱһֱû˵ľסƳĹԱ
׷ײƬͺ⡣
Ҫ׷һ⡣
ֻӦһƱƱһһë߷Ǯ
ȻԱӹķУһһȻ׷֭Щˡ
壬Ҫ嵰һ׷һ⻹һײˣ
ȻͳаѰӷŽϳԣо͵˹ȥۼĿԱԼⶼ顣
ԱǿСЦžϲ죬СĿˡ
ѾͷëǮһƱһƱ
ˣ˶ûˣӼġ
ȻǱһķǱóԵģ
˵ſܾóһű꣬ĺӶҪˡ
ȻҲûóĸ˷ˡ
е㲻˼ĶǼҲŤӣȻͿܾһһ
ȻǱˣϽҧһڣ˲۾ˣѶǵǾˣͳǱô˶صζʵİƤн
ȻţǸĸ￪Źƻȫ
ǱóԣķãȻĴָζ˾顣
ͷҪˣ̫óˣȻҵİҲóԣܸܵģ
ܼͷȷóԣķǱóԣ
ǣܲóŪʱСӸ˭
ʱ˵𣬴ҲԼͬĿ˵ˣֻǷڳ԰ױ̲˸
Щ벻÷ǲõӣ俴ھӵľһͲͨͥġ
ǼûаȻ;ãĸǹˣﻹãϻ֮ǰҲϲķʳš
ﻹ˶ʮš
÷ٲҲǸСôһۣʲôһʱɣ
Ϊ̫һ֪඼˹ǳԵҲûɶϾʱֲ꣬˭ҲõĸӴţ˭ҲӼǮٲ֪컹ٿǮء
÷һ۳׿߸ӣʮһֱǸС٣Ǹżھӣ·Ų֪Ǹˡ
ǹԱˣһܵûҵԼʲôøɣԵ١
֪Ǯжðͷﱻӻġ
ԿȻϸһͱĺܺãָ޳ûһӣװɫķ¿žͼֵƣһͷںڵͷƮԼûŹζ÷ˡ
ˣⴧⰲȻ뻵ʱҵñӣȭͷǴ޻ϣȻ۷쿴м
˶Էԭ򣬰Ȼⷹ˻ͦóԵأ
һû÷£ȻõģĵЦþۡ
˳غʱ֣̫ź£ĺϼϣպϼȻԼһӶ⸱
˳վˣ˳վˣ𳵻˳ǾͣʮӼˮ
˼ûվÿͿ³Щ֮ģϾʱվ̨ġ
㲻³˳ǵˡȻϣȫûҪ³ļЩ
ֶŮֶŮȻ
𣬰Ȼˣԭų
⣡Ȼվ֣һ۾Ϳ˳ÿŷƵų
ѽֶŮ겻ԽԽĸİ
ȻҲϾǿԼģ֮ǰԼھӣûǰԷﺢӸһߴǰҲԼ
ĸҵģ壬ΰû
ûˣҪˣⲻҿصģ㸶̸Ƥմˮأ
ȻЦ۾ˡ
ֶŮ۳أ
壡ȻЦеԼСڿĸɲȽ˻𳵡
ֶŮ°ĺ峤Ǵ壬󲿷ֶǰݡ
Ȼû뵽⾪ϲԼϰҲ̫ѽ
վ̨Ϳһճվ÷;иƷ˹Ķ˹ȥ
߰ɴֶŮ廹֪࣬ӳҶһȥ
򿪸ʻĳţⲿðȻȥһسչ˵СⲿûһСҪʲôչˡ
ֶŮ㿪Сʱ͵͵㿪֪ʮɽظأ
ɲô壬㣬ȻҰⱲӶܽҿұбҵŪ֤ģϧûϡ
ȻЩźҲûгҲûɶźˣϾԼڿгûжˡ
ŪһţǸ㸶̸׼Ķ֪ڶԼһչһ¯ӣ̶׼ˡ
̫ܵˣ軹Ҹ߸̣û¾ʹΰιҼＸ죬ǵĽ
ѽⲻС̫СҪȥˣһߣȺϺзˡ
ͬ־·س¯ԼǲǹҲѣǰмһʽ
Сͬ־۲·سǣǰǸˣس¯ƶǰˣǴӦУڶʳȥС
÷ָ׶ҪˣϼĶҪ˿ޱȺڵﰲȻ֪á
Ϊ㶼һ᲻ԼᱻĥɻţԭһʼͲһ
ԭ֪˭˳ǣԼĴһģǾǮ÷żȻȻǾ͸һɡ
壡Ҵ֪
ⲿһɤӿŻԷӳһҡ
˦ӣӳСӱŵ໿ޣЬӾͳȥˡ
˦ӣҪŻӰӳⲿͳ¡
ѽ壬ҴֶŮأӰⲿĶ¡
ߣ峤һŤͷһƵӭӣ֪ɣϽݣóŷأ
ۣϽȥ֪СԷ
ȥ 
ȻЩ˼Ͼռ˼ҳԷͷһء
ֶŮ壬͸Լһ
ǰѾͷҴǰҳԷˣھүҷ㣡
ӳһǶԴıȻЩܳ
үүû뵽绹Լ֡ȻһЦ
ϣͷЦĸջƵģڸ˼Сš
Сӣ˶ӽ첻ʰ㣡
ƦƦȻ̧ȥ˲ͷ졣
ˣȻһ˲ԲһֵСġ
ϴ룬žͿվСɰ׵Ƥڷ⣬èǻ˵СɵıӺǺС죬Ǹеվһ̬˵һԶԼ롣
һĻЩۣСԼϵ˵ЦԼһվôҲûԼ̲סϡ
߶һ̣üһЦ۽ǵβǹ˵ĶҩСµͷͱĶӯЦ⡣
֮ЩģԼûأܿˣС￴СԼɶ




5.     

ŮϿ֪ҲϿӳкš
ȻҲŤֱЬϿһ޵ŮߣҪ۾ĿֱӣëĻճżᡣ
ܵܺÿɰѽȻӶͳһɿСһ
߽ˡŮҲҵϱŶ˵
Сһ˸ȻɿŽԣǱѽ
 СһҪ˵ºóԵǵϽסС졣
ɰѽȻĶСһȻˣӳҼӻɸɾġ
ϼСһˮҪˣӲסûȻִӶͳһǺͼɿ
Ƕʲôѽ
ҽд󱦣
ҽдãá
һ˲֮䰲ȻԹˣİѴһˣɿһһˣûаװСɿ
ҲҪǸڵġ
ͻȻȻоߴ˲ԺİȻͳɿ
СǴ¶ǰٱһ˶Ū˼û뵽СôԣǿµİװɿŽֲüСİԣɱǹԵǻóԡ
ǡ𡣡
Ȼ˶ˣ治֪һֱôɧ
䰮Զӳɵӡ
˦ӣ
ӳ޲ó²Ž޵ǹһͦϴҲ
Ǳųԣлл𣡡
лл㣡
ǺñȻæӦţҪ⺢ʵ̫ˣ
΢΢ѹСлл㡣
ȻһôҶעߡ
ǾЩ䣬ǰȻû
ѾͷԱӣĸ۱ûܱȵϵģҲԣɶأ
ӵҲ̫ˣҲ̫ˣ
ȻŸ۱üëҪʵˣ۴ĸɾ⻹ʣʵǹ񫣬ִͷʺײǰȻûԹġ
ѾͷӼ弦Ҳֵģ
˭ϲСأǳúÿòСǸûԹһҲҭ
ϣлл̣ôæǰæġ
Ȼæӹ̵ݹһ̺Ӽ嵰ϡ
ŮðҪиĹŮͺˣ
иѽŴ󱦺ʹһǶõѽԺĸأ
ȻһЦĿȻкӼ嵰ϽûȾǰŮе㡣
ϾӶ֪йģǿ֪ͦôԷء
ȻǵðһĺеԲˣҪ̫ˣٺӹûɶζ
Ȼûô˰ĺӦõĳóԵġ
˳Եͦ㰲ȻֻӲͷƤԣһ黹УҪЩԲˡ
ľǹһĨȱ¿ﶼΪˣû뵽ڳһ󶯾֮˸Сֻˡ
Ȼһ뽴֭ζӦднʹס
СǼһһ˵ģЩԼֶɰ
㣿üȥ
ãȻ۾ˣǺţ
ЩѾͷ˵۾Сèһ
Ȼӹ֭ͼźպųԣһ˲ãĻкζס˺ӵζµֻʣۡ
Ѿͷ֪֪࣬Ժûдλˣڴⷿӻ֪Ժиũ߲Ŀⷿס
µ֪ԺûأĿһֱţשҲҪˡ
극ӳ˵¶ҪûбҪΪٸһң
Ǵⷿ𣿡÷ûǮǴⷿӦò
ǣǽĲûµҪԼǮⷿϷľס͸ͨżһ
Ȼǻæҡͷⷿүү֪˭𣿡
ȻԼһԺǷѾˣôȡԼһӣ治˯ⷿ
Ҿ͸ǸԺӣһֱţ㸶ʱʱɨʰʰס
ⲿԼҾзӿŻѾͷǲĸɶ
÷۾һתҪ˵Ȼϣ壬ոµש߷߷ĶƯһҸĿô
֪Ҫһ䷿ƽַô
˵갲Ȼ㿴ǸͼռС˵ģﻹͳʮ˿ǮⲿȫûⲿӦĻᡣ
÷һɵӣֻסڿⷿ
ҹⲿʹСʰһӣȻûڴӳҽֱסҵĴԺӴ󷿼䡣
Ϊ̫÷;ͽڶӳңⲿСװ
Ϊͨ˵磬ǵƣȻͿŵưԼĶ£
жݣȻסݣһ̴󿻣°һŴ¹񣬿ӹģȼﻹԼ⡣
Ьڹһ㣬·Ӷûʣһ͵żİˡ
ϵĹǷűģȻѶޱȥ̫ӲȻӿռͳĵ̺鲼ڿ棬֮ϱϿռĴ޻ɫס
ûĵۣǷǳʣʱҲá
׼İȸ˪л𥴺ʳǹͶڿС
Ϊɶ׼ЩСԼ͵Ҳû뵽ԼȻס
ϴĶڴϴϣ¯Ž
СݰȻҲʰ˳Ͼ±ⲻ˺ϾԼСǼ˵ġ
СҪȥʴӳӣŪС˿ĿĹӣû˻ݳԷ
̵ܶȸߵשﲻǰȻϲģҲǲģڲձ飬Ժûмǲӵġ
һӣȻĴ᣸ոպã⻹Լûжռַģպϡ
Ȼ͹һǰӣϾʱϻǺ׾ݵġ
ͳһˮƿ⻹ȥ˵ƿպϴɾװˮϣԺҰĲ˻
æµСʱЩӰȻСݵ̨һˮóׯ԰Ͱżξͱ
Ȼׯ԰ϴйǵģΪׯ԰֪磬˿ԼûڻͻȻƾճְȻԼҲϵˡ
ԡͰ㲻Ҳû֪ǲұеģ˵Ƚϰȫ
ϴ谲Ȼһƣϴȥˣ֮Ѷûһӱ˯ˡ
ӵԱǣϹصعϵˣ綼ѿˣ쾡ȡ֣
컹ûȵȻסϱӽ˯ 
ûһľѣʱѾˣԺǿϴ֮㾫ˣʰô̻˶˶ЬñӺͿ֣Χ
ȻžԼţѾͶˣ




6.     ֵع

˿ˮůպ¶ȺʣȻòӳһװ̷۵ˮ
ղļִߵĽϷŰȻԺӾͿӳҵĴ󱦶ſڡ
󱦣ٸѽ
㣡ү֪·ðȥ󱦿ȻıûԼأ
ллѽԣˮǸ㡣Ȼͳһˮǣ⻹ǰأǰȻϲ̫Jˡ
ۣлл㣡۾ĽӹˮСķŽﻹġ
ûһ·ϵ˾Ͷһȥ
˭ѽ
֪û  
֪ࡣ 
ͻģ

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һС飬үǱŮֵعϣ
֪࣡ͬ־÷ͬ־аȻͬ־Ĵҽһ£ɣ
ϣҺǣϾعԵĺãǾͶһݱϡ
⻹ûͳģҴﶼŽϾ˭ҪôһŮء
÷ǻģݺݵĿһȦ˱ԼϾҲֵع϶Ҫġ
ȻᰡЩӶȻİȻҲȥţ÷ԼѧƵĶԼԡ
ȻֲȥŪϾҪƻʹˣֻһɵĿš
  ãһվզˣ
һĺӽͰ͵˰Ȼ˼ȻЩãզ֣Ҳѽ
ŶŶ㣡
˨ӣɶأ
˨ӸҪæߵĺ
磡æأ˨Ӳ˼ͷ
ϽȥٵأȻòָöˣ
磬ż˵ĿȻһۣͭɫƤҲڸǲͨ
ò㣬ȥŹȥ˨һȥԼռΡ
СѾͷðȻ£óһСعϡ
ȻƵĲȥ£ҪĲȥǸſֶŵζĵعϡ
ģɶ͸ɶˡ
ЩųѾͷǽȴĬĬѵعϿԶ㡣
𣡿Եع϶ᡣȻЩϲЩһƬغһ׵ĵعھײǽ
С涼ŵСﵭζģεŲһ¡
ع磬õЩ⣬ڸСѿͺˡ
ȻϹǸǻģ̰Ȼ´ࡣ
ȻЩ֣Ҳ˼ŪϾ˼Ҷˣ־Ҫӹع
ӸУֵˡ
ȻССķ˸ۣСС˭ӡ
㹫զ죿Լɡ
Ǻڵٸ͵ӵĹˡ
ãǸؼҸã̫û
ҪԼ·ǳһûװ
һعһӣΪûɹһ¢û갲ȻһҪֲȥĸо
ڵͷСƵľĪĿɰ潿
ȴںõĵع߹ȥ
ҰŪȥҲꡣ
ȻҲʵЩ͸֧ˡ
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ȻЩ˼ʵΣСˣϾ̽߳ƵžȻĶסˡ
Уû뵽֮ϲ
㻹ں߲ɣȻ˵ӱͶˡ
˵ű߶СԼߣʱʱ

ϸ磬㿴ۡƷԱڵһȦӳǱߡ
ŶǸС֪డչ˵㣬Ǵǰ쵼ҵĹŮԴ󵨺չˣСվǹŮҵġ
ѽŵʡĻƣۺ˼ǵչˣҲ˺ģϱǸõģĻ˼ҡ
ɲô۴һϢġӳ̾ʹڲȥҪÿ쵼
۲һҲͦãҵ
ӳҲ̾ҪǼ˶ҲʵûжǮĹļƷԱСӻԸ⡣
ӳγ֪ԼǲԼڶﱻ˵лʧȥģοԼ۵϶ӣȻҲ͹Щ
æһ룬ȻЩڿʣˮͺΪȣţҲµģˡ
̧ͷͼСĴһȦգʱúһ
ȻΪҲˣˮݹȥ
ӹˮ촽һԿСĶ˲䱬졣
𡣡
ţ𡣡Ȼӹˮϸһ䡣
˵𡣡૵
ء
ˮأȻˣ̫Ҫ
𴽽ǣˮ¹Сϣ֮һѻˡ
ߵͷסƷԱ壬֪Ūˡ
˵궢żƷԱƲƲ죬ǿһķҲͼ߷ֵĸŮû˵ɶ
ͷﻹСѾͷǸСûĵģӡ
ȻؼҾͰѴſˣҪˮ裬һũҷʵζҪԼѬˡ
ϴ裬ȻѰĴӳˣڱ˲˯ˡ
ʱˣ̳ð̹СʵˮϴˣϾǸɾĽ
ӣȥţȻЩ꣬һͷϸɾ·ȥš
ʲôѽ
׵СѾͷЩǲ֣̫żСܡ
ȣĵкУȥ𣿡
Զ𣿡ȻԼƲȱɶʵȱɶ
Զվس⣬·ǰˡ
ǻǸɣ̫ˣۡ
Ȼ˵ڸԼЩ
Ҹɣǰ¸سҽѧġ
Ȼִ꣬˲Ÿʶ죬˳ôãȻֻˡ
ˣݾͺˡ
ҲУҪ̣ŵװ峤һ룬ӲҲͲˡ
Ȼ֪û⣬̲סǻ档
ǣɡ
˿û˱ȥɿš
ӣζӿΧתע
һ۱㿴СĹ뷿ܸոӻЩңһŻɫȹӵĶڱϣӦС˯ġ
Сʰĺܸɾ͸¶ŶȰ
һӸ룬Сļǹˡ
˵ĶӦúͷѹӺܴ󣬹ԺҲס¡
Ȼɲ֪һ˲ô࣬ȻԲ
ﻹһˮڰϣһˮСݽš
СĽССһཱུģֲôû·߲ˡ
һĻƣСĽЩģΪСֺһһġ
Լϴ  ȻҪѽŴ
𶯡
һȻҶˡ
ĸǲŵģ⼸ë￴ҪƷʡ
Ǹǳɫġ
ùëСĽŲɷԼСĲһֻ
漴С㱧ݣСڱ￿űӡ
Ȼû뵽˾ȻֱӱԼ
ԹšûЬϿڿߣеĻ
Ȼеʹһ۾ֱߺߡ
˵һЬĶӡ
ȻûſһǷǽȥˡ
ǽͽһӵӣоԼ캦ˡ
СӣӳĳЬӱ
˭Ҳ˵ߵķԷǾʰʰҰɡ
Ҳ漸ϱϾͥŮԸⶫҳҶ̵ģҪǻ˼ҹ˼ҲǺǵġ




7.     

ۣҪɶȥ
£ųӳȥˡ
ںȻѾߵˡ
ϣżûû뵽ͿʱĴ£׳ڿСƤЬչ˸ĸӽϺõģִʵǸ

ȻŰްĺһۣЦⰲȻĹĵǰûдĲԹԼ
ַںߣ˵һҪץסϳɿ٣ټϵ·ƽȻֻץס
оȻץסԼսɲȻײϣֻ§
ȻŹоϴиĺãȻа˿鸹ôһҲ
̵ﳵͻȻоСֲֵĶȥĴУʲô֮ڵĺˡ
ҲҿȻں棬ûзǰѾһֱϺˡ
ûȥسǵ·ôݹ
·վسи¥ϱдºʯ̴֣¥û߹հ˹սСӡ
С˶ѰȻһСԺӡ
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ѵԺӣߣȥʲôҪģʣµȥй䡣
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û˵꿴һ۰ȻĻղˡ
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ȻӵĶ̾ո˵󰡣ôණʹķ
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ģûƱ220һƱ180һ
ȻϲϾгڹ綼ǮƱ򲻵ģȻȹ绹˶ʮ
ʵҲҶҪϾϴأҪȻƽʱ⳵Ʊ220Ҳǲġ
УҴǮƱˣһҲҪҲһĸҲҪˣ  
ȻҪһѶ270ʮǮ̵ĳȥˡ
˵ѶһȡͿһͬĿԼ
磬ֲôƴԭɩôܼң
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ûУһȥ·վ.
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ȻһϣȻϾ֪ԺǱ߶ԼҲûȥ÷ϵҲá
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СȰܵˣʹİСʣĶˡ
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ǰȻ㿴˺ö࣡
ۣѾðѽȥɣȻҲһЩ
ˣȻߵʯϣʯ϶Ǵ򺣬ȻӿռóСЩġ
һͷȻ㿴һֻзûˣȻóׯ԰̼УӽͰ
ȥʯзкüֻȻһʣнͰ
ȻҪߣͻȻűסͷ̾ʱ̬ð󰡡
ؼ·̲Ȼˡ
ף㣬óԵġǻ䵽ʲôõĻ棬󱦶˶
ҳԷɣ𣿡
ȻԺСһԼץʡ
ǰЩҿԴŵܵȥ𣿡
СһСͨ죬һǴ󱦸ɰЩ
ȻˣŶ
Ұϸǰɣǿɻˣ
ѾС˵ڴĿŰȻ
ѽ
֮Ȼʹһҵĺӻ˼ҡ
żＸ޳µϡ棬⼸Ӷǲϲģզ̫ˡ
ۼҴǲǸ鰲֪Ժأ
ȥ
ȻԼҼߴߴĸ֪ˮϴ
󱦣զ⣿
̣⣬ȥɣ͸ˣ
Թð̣⼸޶Լĵ϶ˡ
ߣһһ԰ɣǸҲٺء
治֪˵ɶˣѾͷôе㻢Ȼü⼸СЩƭˡ
˲ˣѾͷȻȥ˰ĶӣһùȻԲס




8.  ڰ   

쵽磬ȻЩʶͣС飬һĺзҡ
һСһͶˣȻ֭һ뻨һϹ
󱦣ȥԷȻղſһ¹ˣҲˡ
õģһ´󱦾ܼȥˡ
㣬ΪɶҪѽͰ͵ĿŰȻ
Ϊ˽æѽȻûסߣһСһԹϡ
ѾǼӸˣͲˡ
ãѾ´ɴСߣˮҪεˡ
żŶȻż
û뵽ճԺӾСѾͷ̣̳ѽ
ˣѽզ㰲Ĳˣ
˵ŽӹӱҪȻͻ
̣˵㳢Ͳȥˣˣ㻹Űأ
ζŲ˸ҪԺͿԼ϶ӱԼӳ
ɶȥԷ
ȥԷأ
裬ǳ԰ɣԺˡ
СӣϽһȥ
裬Ҫɶ
һıùȥЩҪ԰֪ʳ
裬ȥ
ǻûķ˸ۣԼСծġ
һӾ͵ߵߵȥ˰Ȼҡ
ǸɶȥˣݾͿһӰŻͦˡ
ȥڲ䷹ˡ
üһŷ˶ٵͰ
翴ԵĲ˾;ýɶˡ
ãǰ֪ģϽȥϰܺ
ϣȥЬϴСӲȥ
ȻңȻѾѺʢһ裬ҲŽ´Ҳ˺֭
׷Ҳڿռóŵ緹ˣ緹ڳҵģǸԱõġ
׷˰Ȼֱӵ´СһҲ֪Ȼʲôʱ׷Ҳûô׷ѽ
ݾͿȻڸСһСʢһһ˫ӣͶѾСľס
ˣζԵ꣬˿ˮ
Է󱦶ˣ˵ֻȥˡ˵ŰȻôʢ׷
㣬ǿԳ𣿡
ѽżˣԷɣﻹаء
šû뵽ȻԼҼСӶˡ
ȻֵֹģҲˣһзŨĽ֭з⡣
ⰲȻԵ쳣㣬֭ű׷
Ϊ㣬ǺϾζûںģû뵽ȻŨĽ֭źͨͨ㣬ڸһ˲Ͱˡ
Сһرϲ廨֭ݷ
ͶѾСһﰲȻ͸úӰ˷˼һųԡ
ǰȻһͳ˰̣Ȱƻر񫡣
ԵĻϱߵ׺ȦĺӣֻԹģû뵽ôԣŵȷ񫣬Щѽ
СһûԵİڷһûģһóȴûĹ񫡣
ûԼҪǺ̫óˣͷҪˡ
żСһԵͷȥˣ԰ȻСѾͷ̫óˡ
СѾͷзôЩʲôóԵġ˵ȴʼз
ȻҪһв˼
ϽµذѹʣµĲʢ
ǻ𣿡
̧۶
Ȼһùָ֮ҲϷ
ȻǲˣҪз̫óˣǽڵзҲûзóԡ
ʱȥץЩ϶óԣڵĻ̫ʣ߰Ӧʵʱɡ
㣬һҪûԹ׷һԾͣˣССĶҲ֪ôЩȥˡ
ûѽǳЩɺ𣿡
Ȼû뵽һȻûֻܸްɼˣĶࡣ
ǲҲûԱҸµɣȻķҲûˡ
ʵԵЩţ̲סԡ
軹˱ӣպԡ
У㶼˰ʣ
šֳ֮ӣԵĲʣ
СԹһһĳһڵ˯ˡ
Ȼ˸ûõëСһ˲֡
˯ɣ˿ûܺá
ȻҲ֪Щ־ùһݿϣСķϡ
ѾҲԺİȻüСĶڿ˯ˣһë̺Сһϡ
ͳʱȥʰ˳ȻͿѾʰɾˡ
С˹ȻСﲻϲϴ룡
æˡ
ȻЩΣϾһֱڰԼæȻӦǼɫ⡣
ôһǵСͽȥˡ
Եʲô
Ȼ˱ɽ髲裬ҪһǳŵˣԼԵĲ࣬ϻҪԵġ
Щɽ髲˲١
ϲˣʮ֣㻹ҷɻǼСͲҪˡ
ȻΪҲˣû뵽Ȼôࡣ
ϻԣСҲԲʲôҪǾóԵĶͰЩɡ
ãȥЩʲô𣿡
Ǿʹͷ֮ġ
ЩˣǮһѣȻʮǮ
ȻؼһˣҵϵʮǮʳĥ֮˰Ȼҿⷿ
Ȼźü滹жЩ¡
ʮǮôʳ
ʳ۸ȴȱÿҲп棬Ͼ꼢̫ˣǰȻ֪ġ
СԺͿСˣϽǰȥ塣
ЩʮǮģһëһģ֪ʳﶼģЩҵĶʮǮģϾ̫ܳˡ
˵㿸ʳߵĿⷿȥﻹζСһκԼ֣צɰ
㻹ȥ𣿡
ȥˣﳵۡһʱʣ͸оᡣ
ǰȥ
˵ҲȥϹ᲻ᱻٱ
û£ٱҲ£ĻˣɾίҲ˵ʲô
أ
ҲںҿǴĶӣŮѧʱŮͬѧҳԶ㣬ҲңҵҲϹϾͶ͵õĲȣĺܣҼͷǴӳ
ȻȷִͦģϾڶǹߴ׳ʱϲġ
ôҪϹ
ΪõıҸĶ࣬㿴Ҳϲҵʹ£
һĿŰȻûЦӡ
ȻôҲû뵽ֱӴֱ򣬾ȻֱҪ
ǲʶ졣ȻЩʹЩС磬ҲԼϣҲ˴塣
Ժ㣬һŬǮͦǮģһá
ģС̫ãһʱûס˵ˣһʱ嶯㲻֪˵ʲôˡ




9.  ھ   

Ȼû˵ҲûܾʹҲرģСܾһȥˣǽŲҰȻΪܵء
ﳵȥ̵ģﻹ߳˸裬·Щȥ˾ͺϼ˿϶еë
Ȼ߿ƽʵûһͺˣʵһҲǻҪ˽һ¡
ûرֱӽˣ⻹һؽݣû뵽ô
ɸɾĻζԼ϶ײǽģФġ
Ȼ񣺡ˣǽӴ𣿡
Ǹ˯ءȻݣӻ˯źġ
￴˯ոµı϶Щ˼
ǰ˼ӣˣؼˡ
۾ԺµشЬƨɺ߻ȥˡ
ȻżСһԹɵĳȥͻȻЦˡ

ȻžͿ÷ͼŮȻʶӦ֪ࡣ
ãͬ־Ǻӵ֪࣬պ죬֪鳤
Ŷãʲô𣿡Ȼûýݾ˵Ͼ÷һֻӡ
ģ˾ٱӱͶһ¡
һЩ̱Ů˵
йϵ˭ѽֵ˵ʲô֤˵ӱͶҷĹû𣿡
û뵽ȻСû뵽ôӲ
÷ż˲ﰲȻļƼˡ
ûͶʵҺöǿŵģ
ŶûͶҶʳԵġȻһ仰÷ûƨˣǮƱ˭Ը¹ء
ǻûҽȥˡ
ﰲȻԼӡر𲻺ãŻֱͦľȻҲǹΪһࡣ
ʵȻŷʵûôڰֻиĽʺ÷ġ
һƫƫŵģƽ⼸ˣʣ´󲿷˶ġ
ҲûôԼǽίŪ̫ҲŪŭԹ
Ȼмܱҵ˺û˼Ϊ飬ȻԺŸǣСԼİ
ֺǵСԺڻЩȣ磬ûСɩɶ
ƶ㡣
üһ첻𣿡
һԼȥ
磬磬µǮҪģⲻСɩô
ڼವӺִùһŽ
治Щ˾һʱ䡣
У϶شĻ˾գ̿Ҫʲôʱ򰡣
֪ĸװĻȫиϾһ˵չһͿ϶м
֮ﳵȥˣʱȻȣǶĻỵġ
ȻڼҰѼ·Žׯ԰ϴ»ϴɾ֮óֱӵˡ
ݵıҲֱӷŽݵĹˣϾ⼸Сһ˯ء
ٿռһȦоѹͦģȻ˷Žׯ԰ĵѹûһʱѾѹʮֵϸĿԲģǾʱ̫ðȻһᡣ
˿ռ䰲Ȼȥⷿһƶϡ  
ȻջĹ±ֻ㣬ϳԸ棬ҲһݣһأͦܳԵġ
Сţһ죬Ȼ㵽ӳҽСУϾԼûС
֪ҪһһСУŪðȻЦá
صԺﰲȻ˵˻ˮϡ
ȻſھżζҲ֪СʲôھӾԼһҡ
ȻһųȥţȻų
㣬ȻȥˣʣµǮ⡣
˵ҪܣȻһקסҪܵϰ߿Ҫĸġ
Ҫ±ܾ
ϳԷ𣿡
ûء
⻰˵ίͰͣȻô˿̵һֻ󹷹ߣ
ɣҲûء˵갲ȻԹԵı˳
ſѾѹǣʢʣµ±֭һưˮ˸ղóĿ档
һȥ˲Ũζоͷ㡣
Ȼ̳֮ϣȻͷ飬ʣµĶһϣٵ׺лˡ
ȻҪˣֶݡ
԰ɣٳԵ㣬ʡŲǶĻ
ϲǴӦԼ˰ɣ
ǽǰ׼תһ죬˻ʮҲôоǸСͦϲģǲҲøϽ߷
ɲίϱﻹиɩοסһҲ㣬Сûꡣ
  Ȼ֪һԷĻԲЩҪ֪Ȼðȥ
Ҳһ㱻湴СϱôԼ᲻֣Сϱ᲻Լ
СһЩͦã̫ˡ
ȻϳԲ˶٣һõͳԱˡ
СԲˣҲˣǲǳԲˣҰ԰ɡ  
ȻΪ˷ѣϾʱʳǺģһûŤĸ˹ȥ
ؼ֮ǰȻŰȻܾˣϾҲûɻ̫ȥ˿Ҳá
յĻؼˣΪڰ֪˴꣬ؾ۵϶ӣ۵Ҳû˵ʲôϾ춼ǶӲŰ֪ġ
Ӹ֪ô࣬ԹǿϲСѾͷԼˣ
ڶһ磬ĵӰȻԺ컹ûЩ£漴ҪŴ·
ݵĶѾˣƤԺʯĥȻȻҲ뵽Ҫ
һʯĥܷСʱȻҲŪ趹Ȼʱȹ˰ˡ
ʹ趹Ҳа˲񣬰Ȼľ׽裬ºˣϾҲǵһسԣʵڲпռﻹж
ȻԹˣռĶֻԭĳڿռ·Ҳһġ
ռ±ΪԼǰԵĶԼģó±»ػá
ˣԺ̴ðŹš
Ȼʱû̽ĵ±ˮ㶹أŽɵ״ﰲȻˡ
Ϲųȥš
ߵ˺һֲҽ°ѵС߶ȥˡ
Ϻá
Ϻðô˰ﷹϺڵһ
ţڸʯĥϵһͰˮЩ֣ⲻĥ
ŶⲻôŪˡȻ˼û뵽ǵ㶹ݳôඹ
ѽԼ׬ˣү͸ıѡ
ҰĥݰɡĥᣬӦǲġ
ãܼ򵥵ľеۣҽ
ǰЩæңûһ˾裬ɵıȰȻˡ
Ȼݷĸ㹽ľ˿ĭ˸±ӣ±ӴûͷƿǾͿ˰۵ĶԳˡ
Ӳ׷ȥҲȥˣƲһ׶ζȰĻóأ
СƲһ裬ڽ±֭㺰
ҲĥһͰһ˽ȥ
㣬Ǹҵ𣿡
ǣүү̳ﻹкܶ࣬ԡ
ˣӦǴү
ȻһۣæС˳ȥ




10.  ʮ   ˽

 ۣһȥˣ
һΪ˯أ˭һ̧ۿӸ߻
δϱТĶԣһҸˡ
￴֪ǰ֪ģʱǳԹⶹɶ
ѽﻹأɲܺԻ˼ҹû
֪ˣҹȥˣ˵ˡ
Сӣ֪Ĳ˻أ컹ôһ裡
ӣɶأû
ӳϴͿӶġ
⻹ɶˣСһɶģҲûأۻʣһ˸ˡ
ҿǶԣ񼦵ƵģڹӪԹǲ˱ˣϰɣҪ˰Ϲˡ
˵ŴӳҲ˿ڿˮʵǲ̫ˣպӳԶˣҪӲó˸Сţûˡ
ЩۣҪǲǶ죬ÿײ׶ůˡ
УǾϣ˵СҳԵ׷Ҳ㣬ֲûС
ӳڴںõģǲǵû᲻öţϾǰļĺǰ
ӳڳſڣȸʢ˵㶹Գôһڣӳĳ̹
ϯðС˶ҲˣӶСˡ
Ҫ֪ϰôҪֲɣʲôԡ
˵ˣСô󷽣ಣԼЩСõģӻ֪ܵǲСҲ̫׽ˡ
Ȼ߰ѶԶʢͻˡ
ȳԣҰЩˡ
û£Ұ㡣Ѷ֮ջ𣬰Ȼͽ͵±
ذȻ˸ᣬϱ߷ɴѶŽᣬۺѹϡ
ˣ극ܺãȳ緹ɡȻ˿Ѿˡ
ѶԺ±ȻʢСĵ㳢
еǼ⣬ȼ⻬±֭Ҳóԣ
ûԹ𣿡
ûаĶɽǱߣҲ͹ʱ̡
˵һ£뻹ˡ
ôûأҪȥϹɣȥáȻ˵ͷԶ.
ûʲôֻ٣˭ȥ˭֣ǲҳԵĶ࣬˵Ҷ˭˵ã
ȿȿȣȻǺ˵
żϽȻı
˭󣡡ȻյСˡ
Ĭ˵ġԹĿ
ǲʶ죡ûú˽⣡ȻĵѪ
ҲܣĬ˵ģ˽ͺˣޣ~
ӹԵĲУȻЩܲס
ҲУûú˽ǲ𣡡
˽⣡ҽʮһбҵڶ۲ãţ˶˵ͿסΪΪ㡣
Ҽһ۾ϲ㣬ž֪˵һüʣ㿴ңǰƴ֡
ȥСԺһݣÿ²˼ٿ飬ǧ࣬ǸСԺſ꣬Ǯ㡣
ǽ鲻סҸԺש߷϶ȴԺӺãƲϱˣһӶģ㰮㣡
ҲŮϲŮޣҲϲкŮ㣬ɹұһ𱣻㡣
ʮ壬ҵʮ 磬ɩɩ飬ɩڹ統Ա
ҲֶֶŮ˶ûǶڻʱܿˡ
˽˰ɣ
ˣ꿪ʼ񵰴ܣѧѧʱرƤǳɼܺã
ͲСʱؿ˵ˣһڴĿŰȻ
˽֪ҼҶңСҶûɹҰʦǸϯүүݵĺǹټҹùùøҽʥ֣Ҷսó˾СŮϯ飬㲻һᱻҼ𣿡
ȻҫϾǸԼһܺܶѹڵ
㣬ҾͿˣҶ£ҾҪϱҪˣ۾ͨ죬ֲСôԭԼĸܾ谮
ǹҲͣͲǰģ߿Ҿ͸ŬǮ㣡һί
Ȼ̾˿ȳԷɣʱǿǡ
࿪ĽͶʧ䣬֪ϾͲˣԸϱŪˡ
ȻʧıӰЩʹ˵ʵǵֲסվΪԹżòЩڽ
ݣȻ鲻ñԺӵĲݶˣΪ徭ԺӲģֻǼҰˣʹȻժҲǵѪĺ졣
̨ϣȻͷϥǣ޵۾ģҲ֪ۻۡ
վڷСĶˣȥûйĵɣֱ̫ˡ
СϴϴְֽԼʵű¨Ҳ֪Ҫȥ
ȥԼʲôϵ̲סȥ
ȻϹͿ߲ԶиɽСӶɽݣ֪ɽûĢ֮ģϾڷﲻҲǸ¶ϾԼռɲܱ¶
ɽȻʲôҲûӶû񣬵кͮͮĢҲҼ񰡡
̼ǵС㳪ġɡɡ׸˸˳һɰ塣
ףȻһ㶸Ͻܿ
Сں칽ǰһܿﻹʲô;ÿɰСѾͷǰѺ칽ɶĢ˰ɡ
ȻɽϹһȦڴȻ鶼˲١
ʲô߿ɡȻվ̵Ҫɽȥ
ͷͿһЦȻپþҪܡ
СһŴ
ô⣿ȻǿװŲӣû뵽һӿ޿ˡ
ȦСӯСȥ
˭ţ
ôôۣղˣĴúףֲס
ϱ𣿲ȻһֱתҲϲҵĲ𣿡
˵ֵͷ˰Ȼһ£С˵ܵĻ
ŮôϱˡȻϺĵѪ׵ԼϲˣȻΪʲôޣΪʲôԵ޹ܵɽϷй
ϯ˵ˣԽΪĿˣå
ֹסϲСѾͷ촽ϸҪιֵ㡣
Ȼס첻ף˻ָ׸ͣ
̸ñ֪ãǲʶѡ
ϱãġȫԼϱˣôõİȻϱףϱġ
ɽɡ
øһº𣿡촽ŰȻ֣ȻоȵĺҪſˡ
綼ûԷء
һ¡
촽ֱĦ
ǾһŶ
õ°ȻСִȥŵò㣬סСĴһ¡
ȻߵĵͷţҲˡ




11.  11   һ

Сﶼϲ촽̲סСñӡ
ſѽҪȥˣ
ȻŴĶˣֱ̫ϲˡ
ϱҲš
Сﲻ֣ԭϱĸоôãСϱ
ſȻ㱧ˣ
Ǻðɣܿ԰ɡ
ᱻ˿
ûϵҾɿ
ô˵ҲôˣʱȻ󲿷˶ڼﲹһЩӻɽ棬һ·ھ밲ȻԶĵط
صҰȻǰŽžţںȳ˽
˼ſڼӿ첽İȻ֪϶Լȥ
ҲûԷ~
ȻװҲӲˡ
ɣպж
һЦСϱȻԼ
ϱҸջϱ绹ɶ
ۿۿۡ
㣬㣡Ǹץз㿪ţ
һԼֶˣ⼸С޳쵷Լʲôʱȡϱ
ۣзԣȥţ
ȻûӦͰŴ򿪣Сһһ̵ıסȻĴȣ⼸ȻϤӸϲȻˡ
ۣЩзǸ𣿡
ԣѾҲץˣ
Ѿצצ
мУ㣡
 ٰҳԷòѽ
ȻСһ˵һι
㣬̲ԡ
󱦵ͷеίҲڰҳԷĺóԡ
㣬˵ʳǮ
Ȼˣ¼ԼԷԼʳǻǮġ
ǰȻʳһСԹԣȻϲأԼϱӵϣ󲿷ֶʵڹ¶Ժ֪ʵûʵ֡
ûµģ㿴ôܳԻڽأ㲻ǰҳǶõ㺣УǿǧҪעⰲȫŶ
̫˰㣡Ȣ㵱ϱ
㣡ϱ
ֶĻЩԭ졣
˵ɶأϱʲô㣬ҪСû
СҪѵһǿ¶ɵ²ȥ֡
ԹԽСȻԷ
Ȼ˹ܲˣϽзͰСѾͷˡ
Ѿüҳԣһз𣿡
õС
Ȼ˸Ѿˡ
Ȼ֮һĶŲжҲ͸ﳢʡ
ȻȰзˣȻżӰзǡ
Ůɶˣ
ɩûϹʳãɻ֡
㲻һ鶹ҪϰҰзˣ
Ѿ˵ŰӾҪѾӾҪܡ
ŮȻᣬ㰲ûȥ
ɩҪͻȥӶѾûȥﻹʮҲǻ費ˡ
ѾܵûԷһʡģ
￴ϱӣ˵Сһ趹Ｘʡĵܵȥ䷹ԹӶˡ
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ӣզˣ
ۼǼСӣѾͷָզǸǳԵģզǣ
̾˿ƣ˶ˡ  
ҿСӦҲϲۼۣȻզܶǡ
ӳ̣⻰Լš
˵СۼɶͼϹͼĲò˴ͷ˵⻰ţ
ǸһǴӳء
˼СҲǸбҵʦأҶҲϲϡ
ӳսĵ˲߽⣬Ҳ֪Լ⻰
ɡӳ̾Ҳܲ϶ӵ¡
ϴϱɡҲû顣
ӳĳȻĶҿŰװ۷ģȹĻá
㣬ӣȥϴϹˡһ
Ȼ߿ѾϴĸɸɾˮնûеʮˣʱǽĽ
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ȻѶ£ãڴˮз
ЬȻҪϿ󱦱ϣû뵽ʹȻһƨϣַסˤˡ
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߰ǱͶιǰȻȽͣˣȻзƶԼˡ
˶СһҲ죬һʮֻзͲĸɸɾȻóȥʹСһϴ֡
֮ջ𣬱ϾҲɡ
׷ʢˢɾȻֵз۶ؿζŶ
ٳԣᰲȻôˣֱδţԼͻѩ˶
ۻĶ׷з۵𣬻Ŷ񫣬ͼСĲİǷ
Ȼ˰׷ʵʱĶóԣζرŨҲ㹻ϸ塣
һ㽴ʣµ׷ˡ
Ȼڸһ뷹Ҳܳȥǲ֪ôܳĻôÿء
극Ϳʼˣ˸ɲС㶼ͦСӲŻ˼ҡ
￴żӵ֪һûٳԣСӣ֪ΪԼء
űȻ극ֲ
Ӻ§סǾµ˶°͸ͷھˡ
Ȼ̧ͷСķ˿
ȻԺ֮;ﱻһǮֱŽ·
ϱǸģǮԺҵġ
ɤ繣Ȼ̲סС
㲻Ҷ˾Ͳˣ
£Ǯûⲻ޸Ҿ׷ӦСͻ˵ҲĵĻ
޳ʳָСıǼ⡣
ϲ~ȻֹסĲӣȥһҲ֡
ͦܣͻȻһϽѰȻŽغĶӡ
˼ҾͿСڷϳԷһСײ˶Ҵ˵һ伸СĶڰȻҳ뷹ͻˡ
󱦣ѾǶԷˣٳˣܣӵͷ캢Ӷ鲻١
ǰѾҲˣ̻˰鶹ٳԡ
СһСȷĹĵСƤ򣬿Ե治١
ȥԣҲС ĸ첲
üһС˵ˣ
㻹ԼԷŶɩСӣٸȻ鷳
ݻ˸ɾ·ҲûƽڿӶСò˯СִȹԼ
һҹһֱڣûô˯ڶٰȻԺţȦϻ˰Ȼһ






12.  12   

һû˯ˣżûˣķǽ˰ȻԺ
С޵ӣĶˣַǽؼ˸ѹ鲻ĵطˡ
ֱؼ޶һѴϣϻҪȥسѣżһƬСײˣְεϣ֪ܻܲء
ûһOO@@ˡ  
Ȼû쳣ϴ֮ʣµзɳ׺óϴ
һžͿ߶Լ
ˣЩضŪģȻԼ˵ϻŪĻ˭Ūġ
ţ˯ţҾ͹ˣ㶼ûߡ
лңʱеڣϾ᲻ñСˡ
һȥѰɣ
ϲû뵽СԼԼȥ
ãһȥѶͻȥ
ţȥɣһࡣ
ǽȥȻҪǱӳ￴ôǺá
ӣȻзʰɾС飬ʱ¹ˣѾƮˡ
Щ˿ȥȣзӻ׾Ͷ½ȥһҡ
ûóǧӣ϶ҲٷţһڹӰ˸Ӧǹˡ
ҲûȻЩ֣һǻˡ
Ȼһ·ȷ׳ɫװСƤСƤЬڽϣȻʱиѵģ
ôôǽѽ
СĵЦ˸Ų˵쿴˾ð绰϶ļ·ء
ϱҺÿ𣿱Ǹÿϲ𣿡
𤵽Ȼϣ§ŰȻСһðȻش
ţϹ˧ˣ˭ҵȻϲȻ˵ڽ촽һ£֮ˡ 
ղŽʲôϹ
ߵȻǰ§ŰȻŵľҪȻ˵һ顣
Ȼǲ˵ίҪˣӰȻϲˣҪԴԼƲס
ǳԷôߵڰȻϣ㲻ϹҲûϵ
Ũĺ侢ǧǰȻҲϲĲˡ
ϱãҸоǰԵĿ඼Ϊ㣬Ҹо⼸춼ˣ
ץС־ҪԼϡ
ͣԷȻȥ㡣⻰ôԼСֶ˵Ļء
ۿۡ
Ѿͷţ
ǲүү
Ұ֣硣
  ȥš˵ŰȻҪµأסˡ
ȥԷ˵ȥš
˰ȻﻹڿϳԷմЬͿӳŻƺͼƷԱһԺӡ
զ⣿ɶʱܳģ
ⲻǹٵôҳԷ
Ұɶ¶
Ŷⲻǰ֪ôһϼư֪ҲĻҪҲǸسʮ壬һҲ
ǸɴٿһСʮ֡
ӳȸ϶˵ˣϾСҲǻԸˡ
үүզˣûԷɣݳԿڡ
սݣҲҳˣǰԵζһ䲻Ҳ˵
ȻҲûǿĻᣬһʢһ࣬ϣðȻ֪಻һǱЩˡ
ԹĿһһʣµȻһԼռ
ӳԵ㣬϶˸ۣ㣬㣬ֲüＸСĶԸڰѾͷԣҪҲԸ⣬Ƥû϶ӵĺ
ƷԱǸ֪࣬޸ҵĸ磬ҲãŴŮͬ־
һֱ֪౧ԹŮ֪಻ɻ̬⣬Ⱥһģ֪֪๴ĶǺͼģҲƫƫš
ýˣŰ۵СѾͷĸĶˣѾͷ˭ɻ
ԵľһڼҾǧٳ裬һӲµظɻҲģ˵ǰ֪˼Ҳɻʲô¡
ǳվСˣ˵õ֪࣬ɻ֣
Ѿװ֪ԺﵱɼˣԼиͬŮ֪೤ƯԼ߷촩ĺóϸԼ²ǵ
ԼڼҲżһͣզûа֪ĺúȣѵûзǣ
ͬ־ôģôûúȰǲûźⱴôûɳ
ܼ򵥣ϸڣҪһҹ֮ˮ¹еճŽ˿
зһҪȥЩҪˮһҹҪɳϴɾ֮һңŵΰζڷŵĩˡ
ԭ׻ݣҶ׷ˮ󣬹ֲûĺúȣǰ׵ģˡ
أڼҲӲĻûġ
ȣû뵽໹ôི
Ҳ򵥣ҪǺʱһΣһˮͣһùȵĿˮͣÿӽ״ֺ͡
Ĵǧóԣм㣬ڷŵлҲóԣ̫ϲлҾûš
ŶһҲûóԣô˵ؼҵøҼ
ͬ־㻹ǧһ飬ҿûԹˣ㻻
õģһ飬ҪأҪû٣Ҳ÷š
ԷܸȻ˵֣ӳ̸µүѾȫȻɶˡ
ӳϼԵĺãȻõĶﰴմѾ󱦵ззӲ~ˣһԵ൱ˡ
ԻƾͲˣȻһʮֻйʣҺӶӶ̫̫࣬ǴһѼҵģⲻϾͺһ벻ɵĺһƬڸ
ȻԵԻǾҲûŹỹ͵İˡ
ǰ͸̫̫һ棬ǿ۾ҲǵʲãǼҪּңӳԼƸһСһǶԼˣСƲҡ
Сɶ˴ӳһ۾ܿȻҲôѾͷǴӳ״̬û춼ˣＸС˵ģ˭ϡ
ȻͱͱȣʾѱóһԻơ
᣺ˣԱˣ԰ɡ
ҲԲˣ粻ҪȥسռȻҡҡͷʾҪǸˡ
˵žҪѱӳһ⻹˵ãְѶקİ룬ˡ
æֱʾ඼ҪȲȥˡ
ԣС㡣˵Ͷԡ
үү壬ǻ಻ﻹеȣҲҳԡ
ҲˣԱˡӳҲ֣Գſʼˡ
ͬ־ڸɡ粻˼İݹȥ
ûĽӹ룬ʵԼѹûԱ
绹Щ£ԼզС 
СҪʣͶʢɣ嶼ɨˣʡʣ
ϣ壬ﻹвһ룬ʢϡ
Ҳе壬Ͼ嵱꼢ʱ͵ˤȵԼģ̫ѼˣɵĶԲϡ




13.   13    

ɶģ˵ˡ
ӳ϶ӣû뵽ôҪ
СţⲻǻôѰ˼ԺҲϹˣڸԺһڳ㿴զһʮ֡
򶹸Ķ۸һ㿴զ
ǱسĶǾ͸㹤ʣ㿴զ
ȻϸϸһϼƣûУҪԼԺӣæµظɻҲһֱȥ
УʱԿչ㿴Щ뻹ȥɹҸô
ӳû뵽ȻӦôʹ죬̾ģˬ찡
С㿴ǲȥسһͼСӰѸʰ˳ٲɹ㿴զ
ľͰʯĥ۶УҪġ
У򣬻屨
Ǿô˵ˣ˰
Ȼ߼ˣѾϴɾˣɨء
ǲûԱԹȻ֪ûԱ
ţϱıͳһšԹıŰȻĥҪѰȻĶ븹һ㡣
ǸŪҸը棬ܳԶ٣
ȻͦãһļæҪĹÿԲϣԼҪӣ˵۰Լĸĸ
ȻϱӵĿѶΪⱲ𣬷²÷ףԼϲá
᲻ϱϱҴȥسǳռ
ռҸղž˵˵ 
ȻУⱻôһϷŪ˶
ϱûﳵ㣡
緹Ȼûˣȴ԰Ȼ촽Ը
سǣͰҪĶ˸Ӹˡ
Ȼûسǣûмߣǹǰͦ࣬վŶӵġ
Ȼ߿Ź̨Ķû£ûǱߵĶ࣬ûһһӣʹûˡ
ϵⰸŶӵ˲࣬ȴҲǲ٣ЩҲûɶġ
ðȻһᣬԼһ˾ˣڰȻҪҪȥŶӵʱˣﻹƿˮ
ϱҸղžͿˮˣòֿˣúˡ
˸ǵˮﻹһӸˣϰˮ͵ġ
ˮ㾫ζģоȵ춼˺ܶࡣ
Ȼ̫ˣˣںˮѽЩҪ
÷żŮ֪һҪҲԸϹû뵽˴񻭱ŮƵİȻںȱˮ
÷Ǽʣ漴˸ð취ȻǲԼȾûŶӾ嶾ǲذͬ־
ǸԼԼ׬ˡ
ȻѹûҪԼߵ÷תʹˡ
÷û°ɣ
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Ǽ֪ô˵Ȼͷһۣ˲
ȻסСָˣΪ˲ɵ˼ƽϣСˡ
ţߣԷȥ
ò׸Ȼһˣɲòɵƻ顣
ӪҲպϰ˵㣬ǹӦʱ䣬ϡϡļ˹Ҫˡ
ķԱȻ˴ĺȻҲͿһЩ
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Ҫ棬ʲôˣ
ˣҳԲôࡣ
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Ĵˣʿ󻹲ҪƱǰѧʱûǮǶһ°ǮƱԵġ
ԻȥҲһһ£Ķ
ȻǮɵ꣬ԼǸʱǸꡣ
СԼһỹ⣬Ȼϱզ졣
ˣ
ȥˣðȻû뵽եˡ
ϱÿûեˣôˣ
ԹӰȻˣҲԴף˼ҲƷ¼ӵ£Բˡ
ۣô飡Ҳ̫ˣҳԲѽ
ԣʣµҳԡ
ŶȻһֹ̾ģˬ̫֭ʣӦͽϲϺ
ҧһڴϵ⣬еúζǽζ϶óԡ
û˵ʵҲûôóˣζûֻǿζ˶ѡ
ȰȻľЩⶼûаȻóԡ
ȻǾͦˬģǹˮ֮ŽģСͳԲˣϾһ
Բ~ϳһ뺣һűȻĳԲˡ
ԵļӿٶȣھͰѰȻʣµûˡ
ӪִŰȻߵ˹硣
ҲûɶˣȻ󿴿ֿҲûǰϾһžͲġ
ʵ˵಻࣬˵Ҳ٣ĴСܿ
вٵʽİȻÿһ㣬͸ں߸Ǯණ
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ﳵӣҪѰȻǰȻ˼߻ûʲôˡ
ֻܺŶСĵǰϡ
ŻСãĻôҲѹ
صСԺѰȻ־ͰŹϣһѰСﰴǽϣûסǺཱུ촽
۵
Ŵ򿪵
ڴСĻ˾ʹ۵СۣȻߵؿڣݺݵĵڣŵ˸Ͻˡ
ڽݣûһ˽
һ磬Сɩզɶˣ

˿ͦȫͰǮڣгߡ
ǰսȻߣڰȻϣȻĴӦˡ
ŰȻҲʵһֻ§ŰȻ˵ǲǵװȻķ
ȻЩɣǲǻ˼֢
˴ɿ˰ȻȻҲǰŲŲ
Ҳв˿һ
ڸĶ磬ЩѣûһͶˡ
Ȼһѹˮˮǿ
ȥһ˴岿ʮ࣬һջԷ
Уһ£һؼϴϴ
ؼϴ裬Ȼǰϴɾϱ߶ΰͣǿë㻵ģ˰ˣͲˡ
ˮ¹Щн;ƣʮ㶼ģȻͶϣһӳȥ㡣
Ϸϲ𣬾ţ·Ȼ϶Ͼͳŵˡ
ͿСѾͷЦӯӯĿԼŸϽȢϱ껹ҪСѾͷȥݷĸСӡ
߰ɣ
ţŶ
ʵӲԶڰȻֵĽͷȻǽͷһңǴӳңڸڵĸڲĵطʵҲǴӳҵϷӣĥʯĥ
·ͿԺ̨̨ͺܴ󣬻
˶ӲԻҲرʹİѶ¼ڰ֮Ǯӻȥˡ




14.   14    ĸ̬

صңζѾƮ˳ĸСһСͰ߶ȡ
ˣ⼸զճסԼϱء
ɶˣżＸ۵ĺܡ
ͱ
צצ
ͰзͱǣһֵİȻ˶ˣԼզ
˱ǣʮأˣ
ۣ㣡СǰСͰӸ͸ŰȻˣһʰ
ȻżСһݣСһӦǻعңϴĸɸɾģȻڿ棬óǹ͵ģСһɸ˻ˡ
ѾˣȻ̳Ҳӡ
ϴɾп¡
áӹ裬⧲ڰȻһ¡
𣡡򴽣òȻ
Ȼߵһű㲻׼±Ķȥˡ
Сˣæȥϴ˻п飬һֱƮŰȻʱʱѻż͵͵㣬Сﲻɿ
Ȼܴӿռö±ҲߣɫͰ½ȥ±ҲŽȥú֭ǻûõ㡣
СǴĶʲô
ȻߵˮȥͰĺʡ
ֻбǺзҲץ
ˮߣڰȻϣűСһûзȻûм¾Ͷˡ
ɣСһ壬նСɣȥ׷
˵ŰȻˣϴֱڴҪ֮з
׷ûãζƮ룬ɻĶŵˣˮֹסķڣĬĬɻ
Ű֪ɶóԵģղžѵﺢǰѰ֪ʳûզ졣
ԼС˵ҳԣʳ࣬ԼҭĲԸǣҲܲţǲȥСǺҲ
˵ȥ᲻᲻ã
һ˵ Ҫдߴ̣ôͻ˵ϵͲأͻȥ
𣬵Ȼһ˻ȥһҪˡ
ȻϽסҪȥ
ҰͻȥˣһһȡҪȻһòˡ
ңһӳһἸɻĶԣŲܺˣҪƬĢأͿˡ
˵ɶϰСĶã
ŶûһͺͰ㲻Ҫҿɵˡ
˵Ҫ׸˵أԭ죬һɤֹ
ҿǷ򣡡Ͻ裬СˣǰϹˡ
ˣһϴɾҸһûȥŵζ˰ɣ㲻ġ 
ɶóԵģ԰Ѿͷģⶼˣ㲻ǸôѾͷȵѾͷǰʳ
Ҷ֪ˣۼһû
ˣۼЩ죬ιܳԣʵڲмС޸ͻ 
Ψһ֪϶ںµˣҲ϶ӣöϾǼǮһӿɲС
ϲĳԲԶУϴҲϱӣԲûɶԴڿĻƸһһ죬ɲܰ϶Ӳġ
öǹҵôСްҲϲ㲻òġ
ۼĴ߷ҷǮ𣿲һе㣬Ȣõġ
̾϶ɶ˼ԼҲ֪Ȼ̬ҲܿϲۣܲߵһǸ¶Ͼ֪ȻĸɶܲܰѹŮ޸Ӱ
ŵǧ࣬ǧһǧӹˣʣµĲתһŵʣµˡ
˵ͽݰǮҲ߲һҲǮ
У˵լء
ǵð㻧ǨȥֵܷأҲ·ּңҪƼҵģǷ˼ɩɩ϶ƼҲɼҡ
᲻֪¶Ȱο ˼ҲҾɢˣ㲻ּǻԹ綼ģҪֵģ˼ҴɩɩͻΪԼСҺˡ
㿴ɩɩԺӺʹܺãֻǹ̫ɣڼҶźúõģŲ֪ƼҵĲס
ǹ˶۾ͰѼҷˣҸﻹеǮЩǮҲǮϴĹֺǮţʱǸ缸ַ֣Ƕӡ
۰Ҫί˰ЩǮҲ˵
û£赽ʱ˵ǮǵĴ߷
УĺöӡСӣί˵ҲСӡ
Ǿ˵ˣȥԶԷˡ
߰߰ɡ̾Ϣȥɳ𰡡
˼ˣɡ
߸꣬ϱȥˡ
˸սϴͶһˡ
ﻹӣˣСӣ֪ˣôһòĻ
ӳӵϾ֪ҪˣӶóСӣӳҲ۰˶Ļܲ
Ӱ㿴㣬ȥĢŽȥҪϹˣ
һͽ˳һ޹Ҳû˵˰
ߣ˵˹ȥɩʢˣһҲסˣζƮĸŨˣ¾ֱʿˮ
ϣˣˤװĶǽԹѡ
ɩۣҪǶǸɻˣҲϲȥһҲ԰
Ҫּң˼ɶӣ㲻ǲһ룬ҪүǺϻɶ
ǰ֪࡭
аѾͷǮҪǲ죡
ûһĢ
ɲԼ飬ɻݴк㻶ϲϲĶͯˡ
㳢
ǰллŶϲˣŴľͺóԣ
ƵƮŷ۾Ө⣬žʳ 
źߣһ
ԺҪҶ˰
Ծȥ͵͵ʦ
ɱҹ©ˣȻƤĵЦ֮ˡ
ѾͷЦȥ
壡˵𣡵ҸҵѾѾͷ⻰̧ͷŭ
廵ѾԵһ̧֭ͷ
Ȼ͵ЦΰԼֶŮû˵ǣ˵Сء
̣СŴŴģСûмҪ״
û뵽ԼҼֶֶŮûмͶվ˰ǱߣԼ߻и󱦡
󱦲ɫ±ʰϸүүүүʰ壬ˣ̫ܵɵˡ
  




15.   15    ί

ŴߴߴģȻͲˣҪе֭ͣ跹óԵĲˣҲرóԣԼĲԼķźܶŹǡ
ȻֶԷ;㣬һԷ㣬˿Ŷһ뷹
û뵽㻹ôóԣ滹óԣϷֱûȡ
ҲóԣߴߴĲ壬缦𣿡
ҪСһԼҪʢСһʢᶼҪĳˡ
СһﰲȻܵˣϽ׸ʢ˼
Сһ˲Цļ۵ģҲųˣȻЦסСһ̫ɰˡ
ҲҪˣоȻϲСʤϲԼһҲǸϲоϲԼ˳ġ
ԽԽίԼҪ޳ˡ
ȻԽԽίǹζĶضżˣȥС˵ϹΪԺ׼~
תͷŰȻͷ촽һ£Ǹĥ˵
ߣѾס۾Ĵָ¶
Ҫף;վȻ
ۼֿһ£Сһʱ˻ȥ
ˣϽؼˣ
ߣ˯Ƣˣ˭Ҫѽ
˯ʲô˯ؼ˯ȥ
ǷСˣҲ֪˭ˣ
Ȼһ޵ֱֶûۿ̫ˣȻܸû޽Ͼ
ȻЦĶӶˣˣҲˡ
εȥలȻԵĹĹĵĶӣôЦ»ػԡ
ϣס˼סˡȻϽ㡣
ѾͷŷſѰȻ
лл㣬Ե㣬һ
ȻҪһĸ㣬ﶼѳСɽˡ
ллҲԵ㡣֪Ա˻һŽ
ɣȻһйһԵ
СｿӣûסలȻСԴϣͷܺ
ҲòãѹŰȻ䲻üСһ
ߣŲϧĸɹƽϣԼǸˣ
Ǻǣ극ǼûؼˣҸСҪȥ
Ǳȷ黹죬ɿ˼Сһ
벻أСһǸȻ˻ȥˡ
˳Է죬ȻʱѾûˣͼɩɩڼҡ
ȻǿʲôһŪðȻЦã˵˳
˶һۣǽٺĸоҲûɩӶԼôʵŵˡ
ҸھǶ˿ſҲֱӽȥ
ȻȻש߷ҲǶõʯͷӣӳǴżôʯͷԺƽ
ѾʰԺӣʯĥиǰģŴӳԺӵǽѾõĲ
ҲѾ̨ϣҲ֪˭ҵģǿŻͦ£Ҳá
мˮͰһᣬŶµġ
Ѿͷ㿴զҶϴɾˣ⻹иѹˮҲ㡣
үܺⶼ˼Ҵ󶹸ˡ
Ѿͷ㿴ܲһӣȻҹ㲥ûû۾ͰѶˡ
Уⶹӵݿа
ӳһ֣Ѿͷ͵⻰أϾˣۣȥɼﶹóڰˣ
Ȼû뵽ӳʱ⣬ԤıԼҲû£һϳԶˡ
һ͸ˣȻѶĥˣԼؼ±ˮͶ
˭ѻƽȻһˡ
ȻͿѾĥһͰˣ̾˶ʯĥҲȼĴһ
Ȼӳܵ岿ȥ¹㲥һ¡
ȻȺ
۶Ͽ˸ҼԺҪ򶹸һﶹﶹ  ûд󶹵ľǮһŻҴﶼ˵˵Ҳһۡ
ȵȵûж٣ҲöӻǮԤȡ
ӳ㲥أͱˣϡ⣬سĻһ֣ỹô󶹻ˣʱ˭Ҳ﹡ֵ㶹ӸӳζӰ
ҵĸŮ׷׻ؼװһӶ·˽Ų켸֣ȡ
ڿ֣ϾǶԲզģûǮ
ģɻ˼ϱҲȹģӳ˶ӾͶ¼һĻؼˡ
Ȼܳһٽﶹӳô֮ÿ޹һҲֵܷ
壡ûˣ
ǰûŵأ
£ûˣҪԽǮͶӷţϾŵ֮ǰʲôʱȡУ㿪ʼԤӽԺ
ӳô˵ֱɢһˡ
壬޹Ǳõ㡣
쿪ʼͲ޹ˣϰɼҵҪ٣
ҪĽﶹǶﶹ
Уˣ߰ɡ
ֶ֮ûж٣ҪٽﶹǮ˲١
Сţ԰æ
ȻŶԼɲ٣ӦҲʹ졣
Ϊ˶࣬ҲûðȻô֣͵ٰѶŽˮ
𣿡ӳһ̵Ķˮ۾ˣҲ֪ôģûӾͷˡ
ˣˮЩˡ
һ̶õȻǰҪ治УҲڰȻһ顣
ӳһϽ࣬ſ᲻еȶģпֵģء
еȹ죬ųϡ
٣ҵģϼҵģ߼ҵġ
ͷӺ˵ͷӾװ
ſڴͿŰȻɴ򿪣Ƕ۵ĻðǷˣζҲƮſ˵ı
ӣû뵽ˣôӳǰڰ칫֪һƷԱĸȻ˵ȻЦЦ
֪࣬㣬ǻء
ȻҲӿ϶ÿζٵڸߣ֮ԽԽϳƱһġ
˵һٷݻʣʮҪģǴӳæ˷ˡ
Ȼ˷˶˶ʰѶ͹ý֮ŻصȻԺ
ﻹʣһ㣬ûм飬ȻҲûȣ˸ŶС˸׷
ֻʱʵģһ§סȻ׶䣬һҪŰȻζһỹŰȻҪС졣
Ȼʵˣ´һˮԼҪϴ衣
ֵֵ߾ȥˣ˭뵽극ϴ룬ȻжĥɱԼ˳
ŽյĴţȥĿԴ󲻴۾ǿ϶ǻĻؼˡ
⼸䰮з۶ԴӳһϿɺã䶹ҲԳˡ
ԺͿϵòԺȿˮ
˵û
ţ˵ڷֳȥ۴㻮ء
õӳ׼ͷˣԼҲϴ裬ȻСϱԼˡ




16.   16    Ӿ

賿컹ûȻԼҲֵˡ
춯ŵͲŰȻϾģвĸϱŵô졣  
Ȼûţϸ˵ºڣ˵Ͳһȥ
Ѿͷ°㡣ҲвСŻȻⲻȥ˶ˡ
ҲӰȻͷˣСǸеġ  
һȥ˶ĥĻðȻɣȻ͸˺͵㶹
û㶹ˣÿϹӳ
ӳҲģһֱżʵ˯ˣ˶
ӳˣ߶ˣ˳·źһ°ɡ
Уˣҹȥˡ
˵Ŵӳˣˣˣ극Ϲ극Ϲ
һûˣǴӳѴͷ϶ӣỹ̫
ӳãſھ;ۼˣ庰ˣȻֶһһ
춨Ķˡ
ûûĶſڿûʣģϾζǲû򶹸С
үǶǸɼˣ˵ۻģá
Իƿʣµʮһһˡ
զûˣź찡ӳЦ۾ˣܹ൱õˡ
壬ɶ֪ԹûȥҾԼƼ۸Ǯ 
ȻŶҪһֱģ˭ҲԶ
ȥɩжɩ㡣
Уȥ
ʰ꼸˾ͶؼˣȻҲʮ֣֮һ˿ݶٶˡ
ûԷȻߦ˵һ廨ը㽴
ߦ˷ˮ֮Żر𾢵һ´һ˽
Ȼ룬һ׵һ׽׹Ͻ֮ݸ
㳢лƹ϶ѿʲôòˣɶҲûС
ͺһڣ⽴Уˬôóˡ
ϱóԣ
óɶˣʣԺ⣬һȥϺܼܲ㱫㣡
ǿɼţǰӦУǱȥСʱ򾭳Ǳȥңˮͺóԣǰ꼢ģԾˡ
ȥܺóԵģ
аģҲǿЦԼôҲAOWˣȻӾˮ
Ǳˮһ㴩ɶȻЩ棬ỹûӾ°ɣѵ
һ죺Сʱ򶼹ƨɣ˾Ͳȥˣ֪أȥûܿ
ȻŮѵ˿Ҳ
ҴĴȥ
ЩͣҪǺ
ʱˮɣ
Уȥů͵㡣
˷඼ʮˣؼȥãȻڿռͳһӾϾȻҪ衣
Ӿ£Ȼ˰׳ͺɫȹӣͰͻˡ
һοȹӵİȻ۶ϲðȻѧ崿ˡ
漴ЩԹԼĴúͶ̹ңͲ䣬˲ؼһ·ˡ
㴩ɶ˧Ȼ߰ο֣ˣԹҪʵˡ
ȻЦĻ֦ҲָЩֱһסСϸ׫סĴࡣ
ЦôСһʵС飬оѾͷԼģ
ȻС΢Ŵġ
ЦˣϹҴˡ
ܣ̲סǴС֣Ʒ⡣
ȻԼôߵģ˾ж
¶ջԼˣȻưոݣ⿪ӣͿɫ죬ˮ
ȻЦºȹӣҲһˮ
һϽû٣ͿԼ
ԼϱŴûжٲϵ·ɰ׵ļ¶߷·СǶףˮѪ
ȻʧҲ֪ڸʱ֪Σ
ϽǱĸסʧϸ
ûˮ棬ͻعܲʵڰȻнŪסȻǹϸı
Ϻ棬Ȼŭ֪֪Σգôʧ񣡡
Ȼ죬Ҳʵϱѵ룬಻ΣҪӿĵط˱ǡ
ϱΣƷԼ̲ס§ŰȻ°ʹڰȻϣһͷͿ̵ͦĻԲ˫ֹס»
ȻоԼһ£ߵ˶Ϻӣɰ׵Ƥ𵭵ķɫӽΡ
Цִǵطڶ˰ŷſȻٴˮ
ǱŰȻ˷ֿ˵⽸ʯ»бͽñһЩС㺣ݣȻץЩù˾ʾˡ
˻˰ϣڣ·ŰȻû˵С·ȥˡ
ЩеСƻû꣬Ǯ
Ȼ˻ؼһ·ϴ裬ᴩˮϴʡ
СľͺܺҪǴҲֲ
ʰ˴ʮͱ˱ˡ
զûأʱѾˣ캣̲Ҳûӡ
ǶŴɩɩˣҵ˵ǻش۴ж¡
һȥľǴľͷ¡
УһȥүүǱߣȥУһͼǱ߻Ҵ󡣡
ţСǲ𣿲۾
ϱȳ𣿡
ȻһţϽȥľͷ
˰Ȼһ±ˡ
ȻһҲû£д˷Ÿ裬ԼϹԼڴһʮ֡
ǲõģԼһȥǡ
Ȼû˵£˵ûа¿϶ΪǱƭˣȹ˵Ȼؼҡ
дţûͰ׷ڿռˣҲ˵ǻˮ⡣
廨˿ϹͷǸһ𳴣ϺͻƾƾڹСš
ﻹɳĻףýץзݣʰɾȻ̫ˡ
ڣȻغžȥҡ
̣ڼ𣿡
ڣѾͷţ
ˣҹҪɺߡ
߲óԣʵĺɺʵˣ
˲ˣҾ
ţװۼҾɺࡣ
ҾҪһѾС
ҼⲻǣҸװϼãѹȻģʹﵽ˰а۵ĸɺ
ȻƲֻüˡ
ԺﶼûˣﻹźȺ׷ҲΨСﲻڡ
ԼҺҪȥСͱһảˡ
һảŲΡΡĺҪһԼɵġ




17.   17      

ЦƨѽãȻͿվԺһЦĿԼ
ЦŽӹᣬϵЦֹסðԼ˶಻ԡ
ľѾˣһȥȡԷ𣿡
£֪϶
Ȼϴϴһ㺣ߣӾݿˣֱ¹ڹǷͺˡ
Щ˼ʵڼҶǳٰ뱥ģҪϹԶõ
ȥسǸһ¡ʢ뷹Ũĺ㻹ڹ֭Щ͵Ĵչȥ
ȻЦһⴵ˴ݵߣû
ѹϹ֭Խĵ£ʵ̫Ҳ̫ˡ
廨ʶڼζþòɢ
ϱ̫óˣûԹôóԵĺ⡣
ǳ㣬ҵһأ
ȻԼְɣҲǰ̱ʼǼ¼̫ϸ˰ɡ
Ҳóԣûкóԣʺнˮóԣ
Ȼ챾ΪĲ࣬Ҳܴ󣬸ο˺ȻŴʢһٰ
尢ùȥ
Уȥ
ţҵ㣡ȥɣ
ȻҲѹıʢҲӡ
һȻˣһͶйˡ
￴ֶôһ봷˼ҶŮҰԼСöľ϶ˡ
ûѵĻᣬ˳ǽ˹ȥ
￴ǵǵһϽûԷŵͷӽѡ
ӳԼֻþˣզżζˣ⼸ˣͻȻôһЩܲء
ͷӣ㿴ɶһӣﻹӡ
ӣŪģҪ˵ͱ£Ӷûڼõ԰ϴҵ֪զ
ͷ԰Լԣ˵ԼԷܵţ
̫̫˵žð𣬿ӼűӳôԽԽԼΪ˺æµһӣԽǺȽǣԼһӶûζ
ԹǵǮʳԷﻹʲôʳǮ
ӳϰ̾˿ϼֲȥϰᡣ
ţ϶Ե쵼¶ԵգΨԲ㣬ҲˣҪֵģҲԼõ㣬ţӺͱӸһ¡
ӳСֺãҲ֪ԼϰˣϾ⺢Ӳڼ綼ԷˣôˣһͲԼġ
ɲ֪һ˸ԼŪˣʹɷأʵǰȻ̫ˡ
ȻԵ㣬ҭʢһȥӿǵݵֱߡ
ó԰ɣϲĻٸ
óԣ᲻۾ģǾ仰ȫܻӭ
ǣܰҳ˵ЩǮеϢˡ
Ǻǣϱ⡣
ⲻشܰģϸġϾҲԴ
ó԰ǻϱģϱĶǺóԵġ
극Ȼøڼ̫ȫˣϾů˼ɶԾȥɽϲĢΪɽϻȻ֪Ǻ칽ܺóԵģǶĢ
ȥνֻҪСһﶼУСȥ
룬һҪѪˡ
ŰȻС˹ؾصıְȫ룬з˵󣬵˹ؾصķԷҲϣϾб˼¡
οٲҲǴӳĶӣ֪ºҲŵˣοʱĹҲˣҲҵˡ
ɽû˵ʱͲ䵽ȻϹȻСʮָۡ
ãȻų׿˿ߵɽ֣ɽͺܶ಻ʶֲּ䴩С
ݮ𣿡
һۺСݣȻԼˣǰûأ
ţժһ㳢һٸժȥԡ˵Ų֪ʲôҶӶժһ
Ȼժ߳ԣۺСûĴЩģݮζرأȻݮԽռˡ
ףǰȫǴ̴̣
û߶ðȻǼСС
ţû죬Ҫȵ·ݣʱɽԵ㡣ȥĸ
ðҺϲģ
ǶԼ󣬺ġ
Ҹզ
Сｿεǰ߱ıԼ벻Сˣ漴ЦˣԼǵһμ벻
ɽϣȻɶ棬͸ں߼ĢΪɽڴмɽʱɽϻûɶ߻ûɶˡ
ڣСɽȥûժݮ
صҷ¿ǸȥѶϡ
ٴλſڿ˶ѾСͰ͵ſϡ
磬ѾզˣЩߣզͳȥһ˾Ϳ޵ĸСèƵİ
˵ˡ̾Ҳϱҵ£˵Ҳˡ
ۡ۱۵ʹûס
ӹѾҲɲĿȻСһӹ
ѾˣԷǳԺòã
ҪزҪˣҪȻȥ
ҲҪҺòû
áѾ§ŰȻӣСԴڰȻȥᡣ
ȻŶѾקŰȻ·ôȥˣ硣
磬զˣ
̾ſڵĴʯͷϣɩңҽɩȥͶûԷϷҪǣĶ˵⡣
Ѿ˿ⱻĸлȥɩҺˣѾǼƣﶼǽģҸɩҲû˵ɶ
ˣѾ⣬ֱ̫̫ѵˣ˵ˣҲŮզ˵⻰Ҳ˵ɶʹӻˡ
˰Ҳ֪ôǺá
ŭˣ֪˵ɶѾСȻô˵أǹ龫ԼϱϲĲˣίͰ͵Ĳ֪Ȼôء
ɩأɩеСƵǶͼС޶ͦõġ
費֪˵ɶѾҲûû˵ûǺڵ𣬶ѾôС
ЩãһֱоԼˣȡ˸ϲϱɰĺӡ
ϱһֱ˵ǮƱ·ˣ˼Ұ֪඼ɶĶڿԼҲġ
ҲеԹʵǻһ·ûйǸ֪ûпɱԡ
ȥҽӻϱҺú룡Ҹȥ
ﱾϼӸ߸ɶأһÿȥĻ




18.   18    Ѿί     

, ⲻðɡ
ҲϱΪѣϱ̫ÿδһļԶѾ̫á
ѵֻһͬʣҪһԶѾõƵġ
ɶõ, ϱ಻壬ǰڼҹʲô, ۼɹɶ, ֪, ǰզģͰ͵Ĵȥ
Ҿ˵ȢǼͥĺԼᶨУ㿴ϱＸ仰ͶԶѾãѶѾɵڶ
˭۸, ˸һɫͰͰ͵Ĵȥ֪ˣ
Ҹ˵ϱ£ǷֳȥŮզ
ۼұΪܸӲһ㣬û뵽TMͷǵӲŮʹˣ
Ͻ۳ȥһˣTMΪٺ۸
Ҫǰ岻ڸȢһѾͶҸţס
̫̫ĶҪԭرըˣһ춼Լʡġ
Ҹȥɡɱ𱻴ˣϾզҲ˼Ҵ塣
ܣˡ
ﰲȻ磡ǲ´, гˡ
զˣۣе£ⶼҪɶ
ߣ, ȥȻȡ˵žͼȻԺѳӲƳ, Ȼһˡ
ﰲȻóɿǺ֥ʿҵϼСݮ
ׯ԰ó, ԼǲܶΪ֣óҲΪμǰ淢, ҲΪֻޡ
ɶҲСһ￴źÿݮ۾棬˱۸ˡ
ݮ⣬һһò
Ȼڿϣѵг飬ƽˡ
ã
ţ
Сһ۾İСõԼǰȰѼСݮԵڵԡ
óԳԣѾЦС۾С
ЦҲЦС¶˳
ȻС㲻ˣøղôţ̡
ѾԼԿȥǵһԺò
ţ
Сһô°ȻҲĵڳĵĴųţǰȻζġ
ȻһɶʱأͰѺȥ˿ֻŵϾϡ
ȥҪ˺ҲһСѣڰһˡ
СһѾѵûˣѾҧܹ˹˵ḷ́СԴϣԼûĵˮ
Ȼ̫ޣĵİʣµһһˡ
СһеˣȻóСһ£ûһСһͱһ˯ĺġ
ȻûɩԶɣҲСһ˯ˡ
źߣţǸķңҲԼС˺ڻؼҡ
ۣ
㿴Ҵ˦ȥԶٿҪճȥˣ
ҿϱĺ⣬ȻԼﲻҲ֪ϱϻˡ  
صңӼңԼȥȻţǽȥ򿪣Ժźְϡ
ҪȥſûݾͿ̨ϵĺ񺣴
Сͺʹлڷźͺ֮ưˮſ
Ҳ򵥵ģûаȻóԣܳԣǰȻ϶࣬ѰȻƽʱŵĶٷһ㣬ζ
ˮһŽȥ
ζƮңԺļ˶һĽû뵽۹ȥǱ߾ô㣬һ˲һӳˡ
ѸýݰӷһߣϿڰȻϱȻſҪȥѰȻѡ
ȻЩԺ§ס˯ȥ̫ºɽġ
ûֻ§ŰȻı˱Էˣ˯˵Ż¡ 
ȻѣӸǰְСһѣСһԷҪ
Сıȥȸʢ˸ŹȥѱϷŽ
ϿһԣûϱúȣǻͦúȵģСһϱȵܣġ
Ȼһͻ˯ˣطϱӣͻݡ
ֶʰˣűӻؼңӷŻؼֹȥѰȻϡ
ڶ찲Ȼӽѣڱ˼ѾԺˡ
ȻݣԼȺ˵淢ϣϴһȥ
ϱһɶ
ӣպûп⣬û
Уһȥǿϲû
ء
ݵĶӶ࣬ĥӣȻˡ
һв趼һģֻ궹ʣһȻѻ飬֮óľ򣬰ɴϣ֮ÿɴһ㶹ԣǸѹסŴʯͷ
߿ŵ˾öһ٣ַַѲϵġ 
ȶĶ֮ʣһ̣һУ֮ĻǺӵ֪ࡣ
Ļģ֪ǲϲȻҲ򶹸
쾰һڷ˽ʹһԷҲֻܳţ÷Ҳûõһ㡣
ȻæأɲԸǣɶǼﰢԼԼеš
ΪɴüˮҲûպһź˳ȫ˳ֻмŵĽǽǵˣûɶӰ졣
һĽǣеǸɶˣ
ȥһպ˽Ĵ£
ԹĿŰȻȻǵһ֪Դеģȴû¾͵٩Լ
ؼ˸кһС뽴
ΪľͷĴһŸɶаˣȻһƬƬӳҲæܹ
壬ˣҺϼƸҳɶζ
УȻһҲѽ
һɶӳòСѾͷĶӺǮöرˡ
ƶ¸Զˡ
ȻõѴÿɶϷһһŵģ֮󵹵һĨپСΡ
ӳóȥָһһΣﶼС֪˵ˣɶԣܳܰ軹ƬӼ⽷ӵιʵͺܺóԡ
ϣӳǻóⶼˡ
ԼҶϱһ˾һ鰡ӳæǻҪ֡
ɵëҪƱ;ŷԾͳԡ
Һ˵аԾͳԣɶͥ
ӳҪɶ֮óһëëƱɶҲԹûаȻĺóԣҲΪ߳ԵĲãܳԶ͸ɶϾ֪ԺҲϸȻǺǡ
ԻȸŲһֳһͶˡ
˿ͷЩҲһŻȥϾһŲֶǮĲֶࡣ
ӳȻžҲȥˣϾϽԷ극Ҫȥء
ؼҰȻڣĢڵĴӣƤڴһ˰˸Ȼʣ°԰ɡ




19.   19    ·

س˵Զﳵһ͵, ֱ¥ɩŸÿСЩȣҲһ˲
ϾԼķӺʹɶԼСŪ, ɲɩƤǳʱʲôʱ, СܹÿһûС
С, զˣҿһ, Сˣ
ȥɡһʮĴӦһ
Сǣ
ɩŵĺÿŴβװǸ޵ˡ
ɩ, ҶȻȻҶɩ
ɩãȻЦŴк
ãѾͷÿҶϲС͡
ɩС׳һͲеģɫСһ޶ûУûʽСƤЬһҶûС
ɩԼƤЬ˲оԼˡ
ɩСĸ첲, ʵãСƤЬģ
ɩţϲ, ҹùøҸǼĻģ˵һٶء
Ȼȷû˵, ⻹ùüĻ, ҲȷһٶùڹģΪȥ⽻, ùùøʦҽ
üһôЬͦõˡɩʱԼЬˣСļҲ˹
һԼСӣһ겻֪С˫Ь
ǿСЬˣԼһҲţǸСƥмء
СȻϲԼԼҪõڼҵģȡãȵ˽ϱϹҲ˵ʲô
ȣɩµģ۶˶͸ɶݸ㣬㿴ܸܲ쵼۶ϵĶ򣬲ҪҲû¡
ɩ֪·й簲ȫϾһӵ£Լűƾʮ꣬ûǺӱĲ˶ࡣ
ɩŰȻߵǰ㣬СӴĶ͸ɶ㳢ҶûԹɶء
Ϻǣ⻹лģ
ŶζеڿˮҲû櫼⡣
ɲⲻҵûҹڶ˸ҲӦˡ
룬ⶹ治ϸϸ۵ģ۸Ǳĺöˣ⻹Ⱥأ㰡ûζ
ɶզ԰
Ȼæ˵ɶԷŴ󽴾УҲԳ衣
Ǵ٣
Ȼ˵ũæҪǶǵǰԤ
ô죿𣿡ϲɹԱȻʲôҪʵ
ǰԤɶҲǣǻƤ͸񣬶Ǹɵͷš
ȸɶͶʮﶹ𣿡
ԣȥȡػأ͵ĻͰԭ۶ÿ֣ɶÿŷ֣Լȡÿһ֡
ǲɹԱȥǴȡԺĶҪǱ˰
ûİɡ
ȻȥˣҼҳԸ
֪߰߰ˣ
СȴȻؼңԿ׸ȥؼҳԷ
Уɩ
Ȼںߣץסϵʵ쵽զˣСѾզǸί
̾ɩҵʱŮɩԲϣⲻʱҸϣҲ൱ɩҼҡ
ϲ˼ңӲһٿǮһٽʳǸʱٿǮһʳʱ򰡡
ɩ̥С֪֮ôָҴˣǼĹˣҼ˰ɡ
ɩҲ߻ңÿλȥɩﶼ˵ɩԸѾͷƬôøɶѾͷƬӾ͵øɻź
Ҳ֪ɩôģСѾһ޾ϴܵ򲼣СѾɶҲᣬﶼΪؾˮ
￴һظѾʰˣڶ;òˣ֮͸ɩˣٺɩҲˣҲɩʧˡ
Ҳ飬Ƕжĥ˵ؼҾ͸飬Ҵĥһʱܸİɡ
ȻĶģŻû뵽ɩͦõģôô
ȻϽͣѯʣϱզҪҪȥҽԺ
Ȼס˵ſǻ˵ɩСʱѵöѾ𣬶Ѿô龫ôôôġ
Ȼ뵽ԼԭͥĲŮֻԼңֻҪ̳˰ˡ
ޣҵأǲöѾģǼҵıԲԡ
šȻͷЩ˼ԼǴΪںġ
֮вԶһ·͵ˣŰȻɩȥ
ûԿףɩڿ˫̥ˮϯСһȥ
Сˣɩ迴Ͻк
ţҶȻ
ϣСиѾͷ濡ţ
̺ãǸССǡȻӿóһǣ⻹ϷŵģϾ֪ңб޻
Щɶ󰡣
޳ôǲѽСС
ȻóɿСһһһ
ȻҼСӳ˴󱦳ÿ⣬СһﶼŮӡ
ССʶС岻
ȻѪԵϵ˫̥رϲϲǵĽ㡣
ֶѰȻİ׳ŪɿҪȻˣۼֿﵽԼ
ɩͿСһĻ
磡ˣҶȻȻҶ磡С͸ףΪǴܣʱѾŵϹˣСġ
Ȼȵˮմءˮ򿪲ѣҲ֪ɶ𣬾Լϱͦôȵġ
ţлл硣ϤζȻԽԽúء
Сܣ˵۴˸Ǯ𣿱Թ
İɣﶼǮͣˡ
ǾУզˣ
˵żֱӻؼңۼҪּˡ
ЩԾզˣﲻ˵ּ𣿡
ӽ飬Ҳ֪ɩɩ϶ΪҳǮȻҪ֣ڴɩɩԹѼңҲˡ
̾ϴСͲԹӸˣе˵Ĺֹ˭ģＸӻôá
Ҳˣȵֿ֪ƼҵĲˡ
һס
ɲզġ
˷ȻȥСԺںǮ⴦һ
ȻʵҲҪɶһ廨⣬ỹѼŹҲҪˡ
аȸ簲ȻԵУֻǺܺõĵġ
˾СҪȥǰȻ뵽ʲôȥһʾ֣ȻԼİʵԱҪȥﴫѶأ˾ˡ
ĸоʵǿţ治֪ĸСѾͷʼʲô
ǰ߹߹ȻǰϣҲҿǴĿӣȻҪ߻ȥ
ǰӦް֮ģߵĹǳԵģΪȻ̷۹ӡ




20.   20    

ȻżͦעĿ, ˶ں
صңѾİĸȻķ䡣
ȻЬϿ, Ѱڿϡ
, 趼ʲôˣѽ, ұһ, û뵽Ūĸ
ǺЦڰȻలȻķţ㡣
ȻЦ򿪾ͽһ, ǸղĨ̷۹޵ġ
Ȼ龫̷ۣްš
ϱôеѹӷһߣ͸оһе㲻ԣ񱻴򿪹
Ȼ֣ù龫ĹӲŸоǼģԼǰȹģиԼȥĿӡ
ۿӣͿ龫иС, 򿪲ͿһѵƱƱƱһŽᡣ
ߵֽ, дģһǧٿǮ, үү̺Ͷ, ƱҲǻģ֪ùøʹһ·
ȻĹĵ, Ȼ粻㣬ǰȻڣΪаԼļˡ
СڴŰﻹ˫СƤЬһ˫ЬùѾعˡ
ڶǹùüĹȹװ˶ǺǰĿʽ·ȻмǸСǸСҩǹͷһЩõġ
뵽Сﴩ·˲ɫ죬ԭС·Ҳǹùøġ
ԼʰģʲôȻ֪ǶޱްԼռﶼУǲʹ϶ġ
ʣǶ׼ģд֪ù׼·Ҳû׼ɶһЩҩһذףü顣
ÿţÿŵкᣬС۳µ֪
ǸоȢϱƺܼѰ
Ȼ·۽¹񣬳ԵķŽС񣬱ӵ̱֮ڿϡ
۰
㲻Ұæ֫ɷɡ
һҲģȥݱ龫¡
ȻڿָʹҪĿˡ
á۴ЦЩ̵Ȼˡ
ȻͱŴССڵĺȣʹǰӰȻҲȲô࣬Ȼཹཾͺûˡ
æµ˰춼ˣӵŰȻ˸֮ͷСԺ˯ˣװȻͷҲ۾˯¡
ҼС˯͵ߵߵܵȻſڣûصţСһﻹòţ˺һᣬ˦СȾͽˡ
˿ûˣܵ˯ݣͿС屧˯СһСЬЬϿС۾
ѾŸϿԼҲϿŰȻȣϵС۾Цġ
󱦴ѾѾˣ˴źţܳȥˣܵòСһСͰ񱴿ˡ
Ȼ˯ž͸оԽԽȣԼ͸оץסһС֡
Ȼȵ۾Ͷһ˫Ĵ۾СЦеİȻ
ȻʹĶŶԹϾͰһ¡
ͷͿСѾҲĿԼȻѶѾҲһ¡
ѾԷû
֣
̵
Ŷ̸ĵѽʲôʱѽ
áСһͷϸ˼һ£üĻشȻ
Сһ̫ɰˣȻϲˣ治֪ô̯ô衣
ˣûԸС㣬Ƕĺ£
ȻҲ˯ˣ۾ȻСһ档
ͻȻ뵽ԺԼϱԼҺɶ
Ȼ򿪿񣬰Сһﱧȥ
ǳʲôöóԵء
СһﻹûЩأҲûô죬ƽʱҲûСôԣǹɵһͣû뵽ô졣
ȻóһǺܸɵһ֣Լϲԣصģĸһһ顣
ԶͰСһﱧݣСģɲСŪˡ
СһΪҪǳԵģŵҪܣۼֿһץס
Ȼôһȥݣ·һӾˮˣ⻹óŻɶأݶѿ
ʱ࣬Ȼָȥ˶ӣСһȫ̳ԹԵġ
ʶĳɵĴк
łz޳ԵĶò̾Һøɵ˸͵ϱ
˵͵Ĵ٣ǳԵĿ϶ǽʹģ҂z޶С
ҲûûЩӼϵСĶ˼Ұ֪ۻ⡣
ɲǣҿһ㣬һһ⣬ϡ
ǼС޲Ҳ쳤֪⼸Ƕġ
ɲǣҼҹڼҺ
ﰲȻ֪֪ҲȻ˵Ȼں˵ģ˵Լ˸죬Ķġ
ȷϹϵͰǮԼҲԼļҵˡ
ʳһģＸСҲԲ˶ٻԼҺʲϡ
ԺС˲٣ԺܣС졣
Ȼ󱦸ѾСһͰСͰĶˮŪѾӾܻؼϴˡ
զأȻͿСһˡ
ؼҳȥˣȻСһﶼ֪Ȼϲɾ
ɶʱˣȥؼҸҪ¡
ȻˣҪ̫飬Լʵмܲס
ȥܰѸ׶㡣һЦĿŰȻʾһ𺣴
ȻһۣϽͶ³ͷؼˡ
ؼҹȻԺϴ裺˰
ȥԼ̣Ź̵㡣
ˣϱˣǶ⡣
ǳĸĵ֪ôһ仰ŭԼ
ֻĸໆKһɤӣ˦ӣԸɶ⣡СˣûķǲСݣԸ˦ӣ
ҲҲô˵һ䣬ĸһˢӾҪ
һӾ˻ȥһĸһˮ
ˣĸȥ·ˡ
žЦˣԼһԼ֪ԼϱĺأȻԼǺţһء
صȻңָһ޺ӣﻹһ˿ӡ
Լ˺ᣬ߳ϴüŽò˰Ͳ˵֮׬ˮֲý
Ȼʰĸɾеϸһ£
ŷܵС˶ЦˣסȻ֮ŰݣСŹ֪𣿡
ȻķӦ˵ɶͷﶼˣ̫߳ˣһôװ
׵׵ЦˣǻСˡ
ڸ
Сɣ
Сܵ𣿡
󱦶Ѿϴ軻˸ɸɾ·һɻĿСڱСɵЦ
ȻӵϽƿߵĺҪ̨졣
һĴȥεĶ̨




21.   21    º

ڶ, Ķûĥأ˸Ŷ˴ܺ߶˸ӵСӡ
ͬ־, ǺӶ𣿡
Ȼ̧ͷһۣԻæȥкˡ
֪ôһ, ԻðȻһ˼, ˼ҪżȥϹ翪ǰùȥء
ȻȻӦ, Ҷ˵ĲˣʣµĽԻˡ
˵Ҳ죬ҪҪҲȷ, õĶ·ϱˮˡ
ҲԽԽӳ쵼ǩ˳ںͬҲԽԽԽԽ硣
ֶĻҲ˼ƷԱ֪ĻƣȻй֣һ»иԻһʮĹʡ
Իƹʮ飬ƷԱ飬Ͼһ¾뼸ٿɲǴģӳǸƼҼһ·, ˵ש߷ʯͷӻǲ˵ġ
ʱææµµĹȥʮ, ·ݵԤʹ󼯵ʱĶ, Ƥ
ȻҲָϢ, һڶƤ
ӳأϾǮҲһ¾͵ˣû뵽۸ߵĶƤ͸ӿ͹ۡ
ⲻҪƱĶ˻Ǻܶ, ﲻûǮֻûƱ˲ûǮûƱﻹʳġ
ﶼûɶӳͺ˼ĸŮһȻƤȻ˸Сˮߡ
ΪɵĶϻؼҴӳüŶƤӸɵĸӻ졣
سΪֻжһݣ˻óԣؼǰ˻ǳһƬһţǹӦ
ΪߵĽӵĻҲ࣬ӳ̨
Ҳ˲ƤģǼ۸һǶƤȴûйĴʵ
ԴһԸȥӵĶƤ
ΪѾ鲻ˣӳҺͶӲ˶Ƥ
Ȼ˾˶ζ֮ϸӳˡ
ӳҲ׼ˣ궹ͻȥϾԼ϶Ӻ˼Сﴦأڶɡ
ۿſ쵽ˣȻȥسһȦ
ȻЩҲæĽŴף˯ĺãõԼ²Ҫɻˡ
һһЩţ̣ڼϿ⣬ͻȻԼЩأƤҲЩ
ָЩˣ˶šġ
ȻĤֻ־ͿʼһɣָϸЩ
ݾͿȻףָһֱĦЩ֡
ʲôأսȻ󣬰ס°͸ͷ
ȻίͰ͵װֵظ㿴ָǲǴˣ
Сϸ꣺ûаˮˮ۵ģӤƤá
ߣҶָǲǣ
ôᣬָôϸСҧָ
ŵСֹؽڶܿ~
⽿ģоôҲȴֲ۸⽿ᡣ
ȥﻹܳ緹
ߣҸպǻõֿɲ
Ȼ߿·ϵķ羰ͻȻоԼþûسˣһﾻԶСˡ
Ȼ§˵СʱȤ¶
ȻЦСʱ̫ЦҪӳϵȥһַֻ
سǣȻһʱȥʾּš
Ӫ칩ӦӣȻҪӺһ棬ϾǺܺóԵġ
ҪĸӺһ档
ûɶˣ죬ĴôƤڴ
㷢ûʳܺóԣһİװʦ
ԭҲûãΪԷĻʵ٣Ȼôһ˵оͦóԵġ
СԵĻ죬ĸоûСĺóԡ
극ǹգҲûжˣŶӵĶ
ΪҪˣȻȥû˵Ĵ˼ＦƱ˼׺ͲҶ
תֵⰸ˶ͰŹǣΪǱѾ첻ˣһҲû⣬㡣
ΪҲûбĵط˹һȦֻܻȥˣȻЩġ
ȥ̱ѽպ壬С￪ĵ㡣
ȻСϾͻָ˾
һЦϵٶȼӿ˲١
ȻؼҰѶսʵǷŽռϾ±ʡ
ؼһ˴ãͿСţ뵽ʲôɫͻȻ죬Ųҵߵݵ˱ˮཹཱུĹȥ
ȻҲȷ˴Ӿ£ҲСȹӣǰȻڽ촩Сȹӡ
źڰ׸޵ưСĽϺõĶչʾϸֱС¶ڿС߸ƤЬԼϵȳҪ̲סˡ
߹ȥסȻŰȻͷȥ
ȻܲסҪԼ˵ǣϽͷ˳Сϸľ硣
....
~~
ȻƾѾΪǵѹڰȻŵϱʲôʱܼ޸Ұ 
ڸ𣿡ȻЩΣգоΣϽҡͷ
ûУϱǸϽȥ߰ɡ˵ͰѱȻԺӲŷ°Ȼ ˳С·ȥ˺ߡ
кЩ봩СǶСֽ棬од󱦶ѾѾ
ȻС۾ǱɨϽС۾סСܻȥ
ʵҲɶܣҪԶʯߣˮҲǴҲߡ
ߵһƽ̯Ľʯϣ̵ָĸڰȻϣ⿪ȹϵС¶ѪŵӾ¡
ͷ°䣬ѰȻСȹСЬתϱʵһЩʲô
ȻҲȥ
ߵˬģǺˮˬƢģȻԼˡ
ŰȻ־ǳĺСﶼϾԾ˼㡣
ҲãҲ˴ģһЩ̫СҲˡ
зûץˣҪڵзܴСǿտǣʲ
ȥЩѾ
ðȻ۵ȥ·϶Լġ
Ȼô౫㲻ҪһٶԵģȻūˢɾ㣬ˮϣ֮ÿ̫Ӳʱóɹ
ͰȻԵĻǺܼ򵥵ģ˸Ͳļ͸۲ˣ˸ࡣ
ҲϰϳԵ嵭ǰڼҵʱϳԵıȽؿڣȻԵıȽϺãͻ춼ܳԵʳ
ʹ嵭Ҳȼóԣı⻹óԡ
Ȼ˲Ҷ˷˱̲裬߻ԸֻСؼˡ
Ȼûô˯˼̵ƣְŴ׺춹͸㹽ˡ
ؼڿϣЩ궯ǲϱȢԼҪˡ
ӳϴ˸ۡ




22.   22    

ĥ治˸ɵĻ, һ°Ȼһ͵ĳԣȴˣЩ, ͸Իˡ
Ϊһ棬ȻȥҴӳһͷ, ϶ʮƥڶǸũġ
Ƕǹ, Ҳûɶ, ʹҲû˴
תǶڣͷһ˶࣬ڶӳȫ˷˼, ҪûɶڹҪˡ
ǰһæµർµڶ찲ȻûǽɹȻ
СﴩŻȹӣߣͻȻӾЩ
ĴСЬϿ§ŰȻС˯ա
ȻЩȣԴûƶ, ϤԺۿһ תǰצһס, ۾˯ˡ
ûСۣϾڻ, ɱǰЩʡˡ
ֱҪ, ȻűѣԼЩȡ
ôѽ˵𣿡
ո˯ѵСɤЩѽԺ˵̵, ŽɰûסС¡
ѽûϴأȻסʵܲһͱò
ֲϡ棬ҺȥԷ
ڼˣҵŴףȻһ۱ѾʮˣԼŴ²Ҫˣ
ģѾˮˡСﾪŵӣЦסˣϾСǼǳġ
ȻɿͷſԼ˯Ѿ䣬СҲ¶˳һֱ⣬Ҹطȥˡ
ȥһ·ˣȻֻܳȥ
ڳͰŴ׳ϴ顣
ȻźѸɳͿһĻӵھԣһֻѹһֵֻסס
սߣȻѴͨϴɾ
㹽𣿻ûԷ.
ߺߣȻӾܳˣŪ˷ӻܳԵ£˵ˣȥŪЩ«έҶӺҶ
ڻûгӵϰףǳԼģԹҶҶûС
ȥ˵ˡ
ȻΣ˼һ輦
֮ǰı廨㹽һµζñ֭һŴס
̵⼸ҲˣϴȥΣߵĵȻԲ󣬵ҲӨ͸žͲ
СҲˣʣµһŴ׺Ѹһˡ
ˣһ«έҶҶİȻЦá
Ҳ̫ˣõˣѼŪ˵žͰҶõķŽ
û뵽ϱȻԼһ̼ϱ߻ͺͽͣȺġ
裬ιȻ߳ţȰȻԲŶԵ
ʳ׼ãͶ˽ڿ
СһһС;棬ԼȴһҲ򵥣¶ھǰϡ
Сίʵ̫ˡ
ȻǸСǲҪһֱˡ
ڶ棬ָָôһĽ̡
˺üﲻ֪ѧˣװģҲδ𴩣ϸһ飬֪ݾ͹ˣָ׾̶һӡ
Ȼ϶죬üʮӲһͰˣⱫİһٰ룬հһ룬Ž͸ˢ˼һ
ΪŴݵľã˼˲һСʱͺˡ
ûģûһζ۵ĳζһһʿԳԲ
ʵصʱ򣬰Ȼ˹ķˮڴеͷ˵ء
ƿǣ˲ӯӯžͿɰ
ΪմһЩСһ㣬һһֻȲȲġ
ֻҶһ¶ߺӨգÿ˸ս˴ݵȻߡ
ȻоŴһڣ㹽͵Ƶڿǻﱬζܡ
һڽһڣԭΪŲ࣬û뵽Ȼôóԡ
ϱԣڳһһŴ׺һ㵰ƣǸСһͽȻ
ȻԵһһĵģﻹĲգֶܵǰҵǹһװǡ
ڰϣɳɳǷֿǰȻϲġ
ڰ׵ģϲģһҲͦ󣬳ͳԲסˡ
Ȼϲľûãʮʮ׵ģʱȥо͹ˡ
ʣµһͶˮˣԽԽóԡ
ȻʱԺྣɩɩŷء
˵ɩʱرң˶ʮ꣬Ǹܳġ
ҿӳ治ȥй̬ȣ˿۳СŮָʹԲϡ
ҲϲɩôҲǲģû뵽˼ôݣɩһڱ֤ԶѾãŷ
̫̫ҲƮһû˵ʲô
ǶͶѾЩӶŵܵȥȻңɩҲˣСѾҲ費Ķá
Сһ̱Ȼ໵СڵƵķɱ
ˣһ᷹ͺˣ
ͷк
ӣ
ӳҲкȻȻ߹ȥкСϡ
磬ɩʲôʱģ
ⲻջһᣬɩ˵ȥͿðˣⲻûȥ
Ǹģ˵Ҳ˹˹ĵģ񣬵ֶ˼Ʀ
ɲǣɶҸǽŵˣҪҶˣ
ⲻǶôҼǱϰǰӣⲻͰ˵ǳ
ҲˣͷмСϣ«έҶӰľǳԵġ
һҲԥ֣ǲЩûԹͱϱˡ
˸ģĴӳƤֱҲûǿӹȻӨ͸ζ˱Ƕ
ֱĿҲںһҧȥ¶һ⣬Ĵһĸζ
ĸβͬʱǺݺݵ˿ˮתȻȥӵ֣һǿƤǿʲô
ȻԼԣҪһĶ֣Űǿһӣ壬㳢ͦóԵģǵЩճ
ӳܳæӹСҲԣùǣ룬üһ㰡ҾͰİ
ɩǳԣһ趼ء
ȻְǿһûˣϾϿ໴Сһ۾εĿԼء
СһһһССڵĳԣСССһҲܹŰȻȴ֡
զǰ׵ģĶǴģԵĶģɩû˼ģ˸Сģû뵽ǰ׵ġ
Ŷɩ׵İպɰǳԵģǸҰġ˵ĻǺǷˣʱ˶㶼˹ȥ
ǺǣȥҪǡɩҲ֪˵СɶǺˡ 
Թ۾ﺬżʺŨŨĽϳԵĸˣɲܸС 
ȻͷСһȫ̧ͷˣ˭뵽ڼôҪ




23.   23    Ѿ

ɩɩֹ˵ŰȻûžͲ֪ɻ黹˵á
Լ, ͣͣȥ
ùȻĹεļˣʲôʲôˣԼŮ, ҿ˵ȥ˼һСҳԵĶϸ⣬Ǻĸ, ˵
϶ҵҲ˵, ð, ܵˡ
ҲԼϱ˵Ҳûֹ, ϾҵĹĲ˳ʺ
ɩ򣺡˿ɶӣȥԵأǰҪպ~
Уȥðǡ˵̫̫۵ĽʢװǣϼƺϼһףϾ϶ϱŻ졣
߸϶ϱһȥҲЩŻС
 ɩԸˬʣŤ, û˻ϴϴֱˡ
ɩǲҳɩȻ˵, ̲סˡ
ɩҼҲδǰɰŰȻȺСҪԳԡ
Ȼι˼Сһ˸׵, СѾϲĳԵ˴, Цġ
Сһ￴Ҳ֣ûССϻŴס
ϣССԵôѽɩϲ, ϾڼҵʱħҪѺþõġ
ССЦĿһ裬ְҪԳԡ
СһӰȻͲҸˣм䰲Ȼҧ˺üڣϾЩСһﻹСŴ˿ɾͺİ컵ˡ
ѽó԰զİ׵İ⻹еŴףʣµģЩ԰尮ġ
Ҳ֪ĺóԣǶôһٲˡ
ǰôģʱССҲǹŴײ
ɩŻȥŴõǱȥ
ܼ򵥵ģŴҪһϣǵڻˮ«έҲҪˮ֮«έŴװЩϲĹɶġ 
ǰ߶ͲˣȻ˲̫զһƬҶӲϸϸһ¡
ɩĸȻ˵ļƻȻͦȤɩϸЩϾɩڹϷͽЩƻʳͦá
ϴȥ̫үǹԷЩͱˣȥڸϳԡ
ӦһȥˣҲˡ
̾Ʋü
ӳҡҡͷȣ¡
ﶼ֪ɶЩͼν絹ǿ̾˿
ϸǵĿ죬ϾӳҲ֪ˣ᲻ȥ߸һ¡
ϴһҲ֣ЬŹˡ
ѾʢˣһǰȻϲˣ߻ȥĴĴͷͼǡ
һ㣬̰׵ģȻЩڴ̰豴⺣أ˵İȻϲԣܵȻðȻĵϰŶ˻
˶һ̶ĴӺһпӣӷ˰Ȼǰ֪ϲӡ
Ǹ̫үҲû뵽ôʢǿȻȻСһԷô¡һӡ
ﻹֻţǸ̫үڽҲˣô˵ҲǴӳӰ첻á
Ϊ壬Ҳû˺ȾƣûôأҲͶһϳԸԲ
ӻǿⷿľŲִģϾһﶼôɣߡ
Ȼûӣ˰ӣʢ˰űӡ
ճûʲôϣֻǴ𣬵ûôóˡ
Ҳ˿㣬֮Ȼе躣ƤȻǺóˣϱĺóԶѣĻôûûζ
ĺƤǵõ˰Ȼ洫Դǰѧ֮ɶ̺أҲǰȻزٵˡ
Ҳǽµһˣ翴ŰȻ˳ԵĻ˶æſдͷҲһӡ
ϾͲ˰ƹϵˬζ۸ɶҪĺƤͱ⵹ôޡ
ȴҲôóԣ粻֪զ˵ˣŸԼϱ˺üӡ
óԣ϶˻ľҲĸԼϱ
ɩҲ޵ˣŰȻĿӻˣڰȻһСµĺ
ɩһҪⷽӣϾЩСֵǮƹϼкرضǣǲ𣬵ܰѼ򵥵Ķôóԣɩ֪ҲͰȻһˡ
Ҳɵģ֪óԵҲˣû¾ͱԹˡ
ǲںϾ컹йһĹͷѲŵȻһŽԼϼ̰֭֮ƵϸȻһԡ
ʱûй裬ֻнʵʵһͷĹ
ѧɲõܱܵȥһԼϱԼǾͲ֡
ɩһЦһѣŤС˵ӶôˣЩ˵˵Цȷֹס
ɩںЩģǿԼֻųԵүǾ˼ôźأ
ɩĸǼʣŵôû޸أǱ鿴üëһأܴʹܴ͹ǰۡ
вŮŶѾ֣ŶѾ󶼱ˣ̾ĻûҲǸ¡
ɩ̬ѾŴ۸Ѿʱи鶼ĥˡ
Ҳ֪ɩòڵʱģϾŮ˾Ϊ˵ЩԱ
ǺܺóԵģǰȻԵ٣֮ղ֮ǰӣ˹ͷ⣬ôһ㱥ˡ
СѾű˲עȥﲻһ˲ͷ
֮СﵽȻ߶ȻûעأһСסԼȻعͷ㿴С
Ұ㣡 СһΪСҺöˣЦЦͷֶŮϡ
СôѽЦŶιߡ
ţϲ~Сһһҧϵ⣬ҡͷԵ˵ţ⻹Եĵڶء
Ҳ֪治˼Ҫɩɵ̧ͷϾӶǳһһúüҭøµġ
Ҳ˿ûɶģСһҲ̯һڶѡ
СֶŮһڽһڵιϱϲСѾͷ׿Щɲɩˡ
ȻʢСιСѾͷҲԹԺˡ
ƽʱСﶼԼԷиˣСѾԼҲǳԵģȻǽίˣ˸ء
СڵܻܵҡͷЦͣӣһΪԼȢ³Сݶڡ
˶οϾСѾЩСųû뵽Ǳôġ
ɩСѾͷ˵ĸôųأǱ۸İˣۺͰȻǸСһˡ
ˣǶѾ˼躢ӵĳ̶ȹƲǻÿʵСǸ޷СħŮˡ




24.   24    ּ

극Ҷղ֪Ҫ˵ʲô, ȻҪ뿪
ӳƫߣȻ߶еΣڱǣԼ, Ȼܾϵƭˡ
ּ¾ҲҪ˵ġ
ӳ̾үҪǸ֤, ǼĸӶһ, ¿
ǵʳһΪ, ҲҪǮÿʱһ˸ʮʳҿһ, ҸҲһ
Ǹҷլأûˡ
УӳЩףüȡˣˣæš
˻ͿɩСҪǮˣҲ
ӳҲȫǶϱĲϲ, ȥ
˸ۣʲô˰, Լ
Ҳʮӳˣʶٶ, ϶ǳ, һ˸һǧ϶٣ʣµǮҾ͸ϵġ
լ, Ǹש߷ʯͷû˹ǣǶȥ㲻һ𿪻ˡ
ӳ˵ʮ꣬ı۷ֱɩɩ
˵ּңȻЩĵĿʲôҲǿҲΣСѾͷ
ӳҲСŮˣ̾˿㿴СѾϵĸǰТв
⸸⻰˶û뵽ģǿںĸԾı鰲Ȼ֪ӦǺϼƹˣǲľ
һᣬǵصϮѹҲ֪ǶԸĸĻǶԶѾĸ߶С
Уģ٣ӡ
ãѾǻġӳӻǶ뿪ˡ
ȻǸСѾؼˣ¸˵ɩͺһˡ
ɩû뵽ȻԺʰôãһζûлƮŻ㣬һӸǸоϮ
ʵҪǰȻ˳ӣζֻܵһݲŵһ㡣
һȾɩˡ
ǰݣץ˹۽ǣȻȥһ衣
žµĲߣɩûŲ豭ϸϸꡣ
絹Ǽ쵼ȥǺȹJĿȾװġ
費û뵽ҶҲǾޣ˵úȵǺž
ɩģҲͦúȵġȻҲϸϸƷζҶ󣬵ҶںǳһˣҲǳġ
զûأȻúôõĲ衣
ɣǵⱭӲųеĲúȣôǶˣúĻСȥǻ쵼˵ĵͼأСͶˡ
ɩ˵ЩԹҪҶɽյģû뵽ô
Ȼ֪˵ɽǺѰģ˵ʮһֻҶ
˸ȥûжñϤϤĻȴƾʧ
˵ֹǵĺۼе˵ڶǴѹȣе˵ɹŴԭ˵ϼҶķֲȷζڹڣϷС
ȻҲǺϲֲҶȥ˽ģϾΪ׸ǵĲҶǿԵģźδҵ
Ҳֻĵˣռﻹأ֮ҲðȻϲþãϲƷʸø
ҲҪöصķƲܼǶصĸо˺˷·ʮ꣬嶼ˡ
˵¶ȻɩྣȻĵĽɩüܵϣ˵Ŀ˵ܵϣƤҲóԡ
ɫ磬ɩʹźӻңˡ
߶żţȻӡ
ȻΪҪʲôеС˭ǰѴóˡ
ϱ㿴һǧǮõש߷զȦŰȻĴۣӾͼ
ǹ𣿡Ȼ治֪ҪǮϾһǧǮڰȻ治ࡣ
ȻˣһھһЩҾߣˡ
ϲðȻܸͬܣҲЩ
ϱɶģ
ľͺܺãиⷿͺˣŪҶϲ
Уҵʱȥ·Щשߡ
Ȼͷģ뻹û˵¾Լɡ
ǵչЩ˹æլعҲ⸽
˰æǲҪأƹҲù
ţʱУͦ۵ġ
⻰Ҫǵóɡ
Ȼֵ֪ۣӲ۰˻ǿԵģЩӰɡ
УۡŰȻζ
ڼ㲻أȻЩΣգ˲ͬѰζ
ۣϱԺ
~Ȼĺһ£ǵĻȴ
СĻϲûסյ⣬ȻСѾҪϸ塣
ûסͷҧȥ·ԺиصĶˡ
ǱȻˣ˵ȥûطסǱϾҵķӿкüġ  
űԼ۸СİȻڱ˶漴㲻ڿűĶӡ
Ȼˣæӿռóһбܽ¡
ô˵˫
ڶ깫ʱܵһԼҺԺһ鷿иСǰˣΪҪؽҲûԸҪ
ҪǴɩӲҪôǾ㷽㣬ȻԼˡ
ҲϾչˡ
뵽͸ϽϱȢؼˡ
ɩ֪õĵأﷺԹָжЩǮôء
漴ԼŮ˼ֻ
ɩ֪õǵߵķû˵ɶϾھԶ㣬ĸûּɶ˵ﻹЩǮء
Ǯô໹ж٣˵ǮֲǵģûǮﻹԼϴأզҲӵĲ
ɩû򣬶ּ˻ҪǰƵڼӣҲûô󱦴ڼ棬קɩϹˡ
뿪˵ĶѾүү̼˯ĸˣ˯үүм䣬̻§
žͿȵĹŮ߹ȥ㱧Ůүү˯Ĳ
̱˯Сһ§ŵĲЦļü۵ġ
ð§Ůһվǵϱ˫۶ӣɩҵĵͷ֪ʲôء
̾˹ŮŮȥϹˡ
ţСѾͷµСȱȥҸˡ
СһϲľȥſڵȰȻںҲϲڶſڿƯ㡣
Ƕζ⻹óԣеСһԹⶼˣеⶼûԹⶹ˼ζ
ǸϲԸɶΪζǼ۸ȴ󶹸ûд󶹸࣬ԴҲż˴
֪ԺԺ˵Ǻϻ򶹸ֻоÿ춼Ҫһɶߴ󶹸ЩֱӿԳԵġ
˵֪һԷˣԼ




25.   25    

æһȥ, ľͳ˲ݣҪŰȻȥ￪ڡ
Ȼֻܻ·һȥ˼سǿźĻ̻, ˶ɫҴҡ
磬զˣ
ɶ ָ΢Щ, µŽŵŶ˲١  
, ôʲô磡  Ȼⶺ
ȿ, ϣעӰ졣 
һĺ˵˵
Ŷ  Ȼ˵žҪ§֡
ñˤˡ˵ּֿ, 
~ȥѽ~ȻȤһֱò
ȥɳ컧ڣ֮ȥװҶŪשߡ
Ū𣿡Ȼʱ˺мש߷ש߷Ҳûм
ŪǶװȥʡʱ㣬ʱ
õҲడȻʱͼۿɲˣһשǮġ
ֹǣбأש߷˿ɲأ͵ÿҲҹϵˡ
𣿡
˵, ǷլôǶǴջ, ϱ߶ԭķӣǸֵĶǲ, ʰƼסȥˡ
ϼƶò˼, ɩûȥϹ˵ȥʰˡ
۰ææ
㲻ȥһȥС
᲻ϱȥʰӡ
̫, һǹȥܲܰæɡ
ȻҪǺϼɩԼͦãʱʱԼõƤ͵عϵۣȻũƷԼͦϲԵģҲϲԵġ
ϱˣʱ˹ȥһԣȥæҲûͦˡ
ҲУǾͰˣҲˣڰ֭ʡ
ץģɳȻҲҪĲȻƶ˵ĺʾͲܳˡ
ԣһһĴ 
óԵˣѷɫں⣬ζʤһ
аҲϲһȥŹǣѽʱ䶼û˰ɣ
ţһأȥ˵űͷ̯ȥ
磡̯ѳ̯ͣǰ׳к
ССզˣǶ󰡣
׳źˬЦĺǴ󵶻ӳƿͷӡ
ȻǼƹڹŴܵԭؽݡ
ⲻǰڣ׳ɱüʮͷƱҲµء
ѸĲƿ©ߵŹǴͷһˮһͷͼ㡣
Ȼ붼ЩҲò˼ǮǸ鲻ס
ŹҪţϲ㻹ͷ
Ҷϲԡ
ȣ鵽졣
ȻεĿһۣﻹкʣԶҪġ
ӣͷŹ㿴ŸƱУЩˮҲˡ
˵ЩģҪЩҪôЩƱʵƱֱӼëǮǹͷˮûҪ
»ʱúΰͷŹǸϣԵʱһĲˣʳﻹͣؼե˳ԡ
ֵߵߵĸǮЩˡ
ɳµĻ治࣬ԼȥûаСʱͰˣȻºζˮųԽԽúѽ
ʳ¯ĻڱͿС¹ԹԵˮģ˲ټװ·Сӡ
ĿǴžëͷСӵڰȻǰ߹ɫڵƤܿ졣
Ф壡ɶأ
磡զˣ𣿡
£Ҫȥˡ
ؼˡ
磬磬׸磬𣿡
ФһģɫˣСһûС
ϱˣǰųͰѰȻǰܣµֻȥıӰ
Фû뵽ԼİûüðͷزˣǱģҵĻԼɩӣ
ФһԹĻصλ˶ɥĲС
ϲ̵ﳵװȥûФ˵һ䡣
ôģǸ˭
裺Сֵܣ̲ߣ˰Ǹ
Ŷҿͦõѽͦɰ~
ãҺáίĺĿˡ
ģɰ
ȻСģˣֱ̫ɰˣĺиԼûдˣ廹Լˡ
ȥװ֮ǰȰѰȻ͵˹Ӫ꣬ϾôȥˣĸҪɱˡ
ӪһʱغһЩʳǰȻǸϲ棬ˬʡ
ҪһʣͺݾǵˮպŽ֭ζҲʣߵӺͱͲǿˣɳӲ൫ڲǺܶ࣬ζõġ
˵ǲ൫ҲҲһС裬Ȼ˺ð죬ʱȻհһӵɳɾ˳־
ģǰӳȥоӿյġ
Ա𣿻Եʲô
ȻҡͷˣԱˣԵʲô
ȥҪӺͺӼ嵰㻹Ըˮʲ
~ȻҡͷʾԲˡ
ûվڹ̨ûһͶӻˡ
ӰװƮȻŶЩˣﲻ֪СèҪһ
ӣûԹҪƱҲѧʱĺö
ȻйһĽӣҧһС棬ˬ˳Сһ֭ӵǻ޹ҧһڣǸ֭һȾͲǿˣۻе񣬵ʤʳʣ⴦ĸɾ
ó԰ɣָȻһȻûסֱĳԲŶˡ
ţóԣԱ𣿡ȻӹûԱԳԱġ
ˣؼһóأȻԶ˸ĳԲˡ
ǻؼңȻǲ֪˵ɶˣٳǶٰͻȻΪǸˡ
ţ㶫
Ȼ뻹ȥһˣЩϺˮ¯ϵ֡
֪ȻЩԼͼСӳˣЩɿʹǣûУ»϶ȥҪˡ
ȻŹֻ̨һްͰ͵ƻƻȥģ۸ͦߣûˮͷ
صӣȻɩӺĸһȥʰˡ
ɩҲȥæˣɩϰ࣬һûˡ
ѴźͳŹŶȻ򿪣ȥҡ
ȻҳһĪչҪǵֻкκͰƿһͣɶҲûС
ֻܺ͵Ž﷢ͣű˼ҡ
ȰĶŽݵĹҲˮ
ˮʰģǲĻǰжýռϴ˺Щ㣬ŰİǺʹСó
˴κϰͷ;Ϲ˿ⷿư¾ͿԳˣŹҲʱʱ
ԭƻĲҲˣͰѼǸһ𳴸ңҲ˵
ʳҲϴɾˣ보ģͻȻ±ģѴСʹͷһ±ˡ
֮ǰҲʰɾˣ֮һһԺժ˼ƹϸرһ̰֭ˡ
ææһ磬ҰѱϣѾˣ֪㶼ȥˡ
Ľռϴ˸ս軻·ĳˡ




26.   26    ò

Ұæ, ԶͿȻԺ̴ˣҲˣɻٶȸˡ
ؼЪٸ, ȥ㷹
кżＸĻ޺Լӡ
ǻȥɣ˵žͷ»ѹˮϴ˰
ɻܵĵǱ˭죡ûĸĻҡ
ⲻǶô, ƽʱڰҶˡ
ˣػػظϽȥ
ɲ, ˦˾Ϳ첽ߡ
, ûߵŵĹ˿ζˡ
ӳؼұϼõɶģû뵽Ӷ÷ˡ
ƿǾͿ´㣬ûɶϿŹѵζث
ıҲһߴС, һͲԼġ
ҲǣܲɻȻǰѾͷģզأ
Сӣӳ죬ԺƮζ㣬Ѿͷɶأ
ӳմӳҪ죬Ϳ۽ŲҴҵ߹ȥ˰Ȼҡ
Ҷһ۶, ʱֶӰĸо
ζ͵˰ȻԺſڣһû, ҿû˳ǽ˽ȥ
Ȼ֪ڴϱ٤Ĥء
ݾ;˶ζ, ŰȻֱӽˡ
ݾͿԼϱһֹͿԼ, ʵһ
漴ԼϱͲҪǲĨô׾ͺˡ
Ȼʱ, ϴɾŸ˵
ҵôȻյǰ
ۣ࣬ȥϴ裡˵ˣȻ̲סҪ
ߵˮûҪҪҵ
ӰסһŲߵȥˮůůζסʱһůӿȥ
ȻͻȻߣһģҪҪˮϴ~~
ȫӲʹĵ˵ͷ
ǣϴͷģϴϵģͷȻãǾԺҿܾͲˣҰʻġ
ʵԼģׯ԰ҩʦģûҩζҲûлѧɷ֣Ĺŷơ
˵ԼãԼͷ
ҪҸ·~
Ȼȥ֮ʼ·˭СͻȻ̽ԴŵϽϡ
Ȼ߳ŭͺڸܵγѪ
Ҫ·~
Ȼ
ˣݡȻˣһ·ˮһҲûʤһ
Ȼ̵Ķһ̰ﵽҡ
ԺﰤϴȻĸϽǰӹ衣
Ѿͷۻ治֪ˣ
û£ⲻǶæҲﲻɶǸ÷Ŵ˿˿ڵͣҶк˷ڱϡ
Ǵջ𡣡
УȻһͽζ϶ˡ
ﻹû˹Ʋˣȥ˹
۶ˣҺһղˮˡ
  ۶ 
զˣˢԡͰĴɤˡ
˵˺ˣ˹㣡
ţ֪ˣԡͰˢɾֲɣŴڴ
һ⣬ǴһζҲŲûסһϳû뵽رĺóԣ⻹㣬нζûֳһΡ
һкܶ࣬᲻öùȥѴͷ̽˶磬ʳһ룬̳ʣµڹ
ֱؾҲôóԣһζҲûС
ͷǽͷϣһ£ûһ衣
Сӣô࣡үǹܼҷϳԣȻ
ĸһ裬κǿ߸Ӱ¶û֡
ϼɶأⶼһˣǹզУⲻǻиôûôˣ
ȻĿɿڴ˵ϹԼԼﻹûŹƹﻹһ裬迴ŶʵǴͷ
ԩңԩңĸӹ裬⵽Լ´ֻǽͷȵ϶ӡ
ƲƲ죬ֱʢһ輹˻˼ҡ
ȣ£Ѿ˲ǴС룬͵ˡ
ȻȻļ˶˰Ȼϡ
ð鷳ˣôõĲˣ羴㣡˵žͺһյӣȻžζ۾
ҲȾơȻ˼ĶˮһڶЦ˴
練ӦҲ˼ˡ
ʵȻȣҺܲƣϱӵˣⱲӰȻǲģΪҪչ˻þá
ò˵ٷ˵ҳԵˣΪһûаȻĺóԡ
ӳСʱһ±ͷ⣬ֵģһóԡ 
ˣ±ζѾռݸߵˣһںƤˡ
ӰؿζˣȻϲ㣬ۻպ֭һζˣһ˲һͳ˰
ﶯƵˣȻպһ
ϱδӣȥץ㣬ûϱ㲻˾ˡ
ˣҼҳԵĶˣеС޶ȥιѼӼԼ
ȻԵ٣Ҳ죬ԵĶ൫ҲԸųԣȻŰȻȥˡ
˼ҹŰȻЦſ  Ա𣿡
ûУϱǲҲûԱ
ί§ŰȻϸڼѣȵϢڰȻѣһ顣
Ȼ֪ʵҲԴӲҭȥҲ֪ЩôģЩȻԲ°ӣղ˷ֳһӲȥ
ߺߣʲôȻզԼĶԼ¡
Ǹ±֭ԡ°ͣʾⰲȻǸ±
׼ˣǸﶫʢչˮȥ档
ֲûϸ˻ɶͳɶҲǲҪۺ졣
ҲûͶ࣬ʢۣӲһߦ
ˮտˣȻгȥŻûСͲˡ
±ԼȽϲֵģҲʱִ٣Ȼ棬ߦҲܺóԡ
Ȼһһ£͸ͻڼһֱţһӾ
ˮͶ;ˣڷСͲˣʳϣһ±֭ĩһڣζ˲ͼˡ
һ˽ݣȻѹʣµĲ˳ˣû뵽һƹǹʣµĶͼǣȻЦãֲĸ˵Ӱء
ϱɶأԷֳ±˽ȥ
ŶȻŲ˽ӣѾʢ˰Ȼǰ
𣿡Ȼǵ涼Իġ
𣿡
Ȼ̧üһ۵ ƨԡ
ǲԣﻹó⣬ǰɣͺһͻȻóȥԷ˷ƱЩϱĺóԣֱ̫ˡ
ˣھԭؽ飬챧ԼϱſԼûзӣ




27.   27    Źǰ

㻹ȥæ𣿡
ȥ, ǱʰʰƴҪסȥˣ޶ˡ 
Ѳ˶ˣҸŹǰ, ѶѾһԡ
ϱզôϲǼСӡ
Ҳϲ, һԼϱ, ǼСӿžȥ
Ǻ, С㻹ųԴס
ҳԵҶԡ
ܳԶ٣ʲôʱίˣ㲻ϲͲ, ˭ҵĴ󱦱أ
Ȼ󹷹ҪС
ϱãϲҵķϣ컹ǰǴɡ
ԴڰȻѲ䰡䣬ŰȻĻ۵ƤĲС
ѽͣȻһ䵽Լ
ţңȥʹһ¡
ػҲ
, ˣȻŪģЦĲ, æġ
Ǻǣ, Ҷɾˡ
ѰȻ§, СڻﴭϢ
ŽεСһɹɵӿСﹰ, ֻ΢΢ȴһ
ʰݣСﱧݣЬ§СĲȥС̫̫ˡ
ǲҲߣȻƽԼ¯ƵˣȥȻ~
һŮ˾ǹ⹴ԼֱһʹʹСԼսǴȥ
˱Ĵŵ̲ס˿С쳤ֱС๲衣
Ҳֵ˳ë°̽ȥĨ
ȻӶǻǵģĲУԺҪ赹
ССģſС³СĶͷǼ⣬ͷԼš
ȻԺ˯ˣ֪ʲôʱߵġ
ؼҵʱӳϰ黹û˯ŷ˯£ȻһӳҪȥСˡ
صϣﶥȫǰȻεСģ
Ȼɲ֪һ޳˼ı˯ı㣬Ժ
·㿪Żû뵽һӭͿһ¶ˮ
ɶأɶʱģ䰡
ȻϽ۵һƬڣ֪û˯á
ڰȻȵҲûǸʱ¶ˮأЩء
ûȶãһ࣬оȻҪֱӾ͹ˡ
Ȼһű̲סѰȻס
㵽ã
꣬ϱˣɡ
ãǾͷӸסȥͽ飬ҪҰ˵ģҲҪȥһˡ
ģ
ʲôôҲҪʮ·֮أ
ƶ֮ǰů¯ڹһֱˡ
ҲˣĵıŰȻתȦ
Ͻʪ·˯һҸɡ
ȻʾԼ
ûԼϱãֲЩСͽأǰ÷ȲϱȢȥ
ֵֹ·ӣҪߵģߵİȻŤͷǺǵЦģ˭춺ҡ
ȻߵһۣǾļȶˡ
ǺǺ~
Ͻ˯Է㣡ȻƽԼʪ·ͳȥˡ
оⱻůڵ¶Ⱥܰ㣬ǵǱˮݹ
Ҳ֪ģڼ˯ţûһͳ˯
Ȼ˯ţϵĶ˲٣һŽѷҲҺŹС顣
ȥ֮ЩһСڹʣ¼˵ϳһ¡
µĶǲ̫ʵҲûɣʲôʱԲǳԵԭȻȥ԰ժһ΢ĶǣӴŻŴС
Ǻʹĭһ赽ŹһŹھˡ
Źֹ֮ŨζȻְݺõ½ȥ˵㲻ˡ
ù·Ȼչӱؿһ·Ӷˣ·̵ݿϺš
سҲˣӿ˵򵥰ʳˣûһͰһװֺ̬Ĵӡ
ղ㹽óƬ㹽ˮһ𵹽Źϱ߸ոպá
ȥ޶˼СͲˣֱھϴɾˣֱʮӱܳԷˣȻ˯ûĽ
ȻûӵζƮ֪ԽԽңŻѹ
Ժ۾˿ӣһҪȥˣ漴оԣӦʵڰȻ
ѱãЬµؾͿڵСȻҲ
ˣӲźء
ţϱ̫ˣˡյȻ󻷱ס§ǲӯһյ֫  
ֻĿͷĻͦܰġ
ȥ·ӴϣȻɫ󣬼ʹ׹ܶأȻɺߵղܡ
ȥ~ˣȻŤҪ
Ŷ~ȥѶѾ͵Ѹܴݴ·ǽ˼ҡ
Ŀȷߵ£˳ŴѾˣڿϹɶСѾ
飡ȥģСѾ͵۾§СĲӣЦ¶һС
˴ȥԺò
Сͬⲻͬⶼˣ¹ߵģȻͬûˡ
˾ᣬѾڸǰ۹Ͼˣ۱ȥȻǳԷŷġ
ȻֻСѾҲû˵ʵмԷҪҲǹŸСѾϾһСһһá
ڣѾԶҲԣȻҲװ۵ģǻǱȶСܶࡣ
ѾѽȻѰӶˣ˽ݣһСѾﱧһ
ƴİӣƤڴһھҧڣ֭Ƥҧһڱղܡ
ѾĹͷҪ³֪
СѾ˺ܶƤ֮ҧһ⣬쵽СѾǰСѾɵࣵģ֮ԡ
  ڸɶ
߲·ˣ̫óԣԭ߹ǻӣһҲӲ
ţһأŹࡣȻʢһ࣬СѾС롣  
ǰСİСѾԼϡ
Ȼ˻ƹϲˣˬŨŹӳԸպý塣
ϲʳѾСֶŮҲž˾һϲ棬Сһûȶ٣ӵǳȻŵ
֪ĵģƭСһŹԵ
ȻҲ۸СһСڴһҲܱƭ
˰ӻʣЩŽ˹ܳԣùȥЩҲֵġ
극ȻҪȥСѾյĸš
Ѿؼˡ
Ѿô˵ƫǲأŰȻĴȾͲ֡
СѾͷϽȥҪɻȥģѾͱ˼ңҲԺ׼Է
ۣɶʱѶѾߵġΪСѾͷ˯أôɶ
㣡
ŶȻŹǰӣҿСѾͷһڿˣҸɻȥˡ
˵ѶѾ绵һűȥˡ
ɩԹƾʲôѾͷƬӣûû軹ܹôá
Ѿײɩŵɪһ¡
翴СŮͷ㿴Ƕ߰ӣһУβа




28.   28    

Ȼû¾˵ɩ, 粻Ųˣڼסﻹܰ￴źӡ
ⶼǸǷʱ, ˭ûԤϵȻ
ȻǾе㵣Ͼȥ, Ů˷ұеˡ
ҪǷ, ⲿһ, שǱ߷ٶȾͿ˲١
ûڰȻԷǻ˼ڷ˵¡
Ҫש߷, 㿴˭æɶ
ãգͱȥˣսʱҰæ
ʱٺõģҪڼҲǴûйֻ˷ʳ¾Ͱѿ
˵򰡣϶ˣʣ, ڿ϶Уʱ򶼵ýȥء
Լ϶ӾƨԼ֪ʲôʺ, ˢС
ƲƲ죬Լ϶ȥ, ŵʡŵʱԼϱ
ҳ극, ܵȻȻԼһ˳ԷҲû, ɳһ˳ԡ
ͿԼϱһԲҶӣ˲۵ĲУϱԲҶܳԱҸš
Ҳ⼸һ̫ˣ϶ˣ
§ŰȻֲʵȻϵ⣺ϱôݣԲҶӣӪ
ϱˣҼһҪæˣһҲҪæˡ
Ǹ˵ģһչʳҪˣҪ̨ˡ
򶹸Ŀ϶࣬Ų϶еæҪѶĥ
һٷʱûŰȻ͇NNͣȻˣ˵չۡ
㻢ȥú˯ͶҾһǱ˵ԲҪô࣬ȥҪģһ̾͹Լһ˾
ϱȻ۾Ͳ˰ɡ
᲻ðȻôۣС￴ģȴһ㻰Ҳ
ȻҪǰǼٵģϾСûͶǮǿЩµظɻˣǵи˲ûˡ
Уʮֻйأɸñ˵лˣһǣͲˡ
ĬҲ֪ôϱǾͲ˵лˡ
֪㲻ģϽȥ˯Է
ϱҺزˣڵͷȵˮУûʱԷϹ쳹׺ڲܻ
⻰˵Ĳ٣ȴм͸ſʲôһֻܺһˮʵ̲ˡ
ȥϽ˯㾫оȻƾͰŪȥˣӦɶ
ڶϣûȻˣЩ˴
ǰ췢ĶѿҲǼãԺۼժ콷ݵ㹽˿ϲˡ
ǰͷһбƬϹһ¡
ղ˿ĵ۸պôϲ˵
˷ûһԼƽмӣȻҲûķϴϴ
ΪӵĲΪܶڼȻŵϲˣһͷѱٰпг롣
ȻһʱͿһֲ¹ˣϢŨ·Ƹˡ
ͷˣȻżȻԺˣζƮ
ϱôô磿
ߣ㲻˵زһϣȱԣڹ
Ȼ˵϶ɲͣҲû뵽ⷹôװ
ǰȦסȻŵĹķǳһһھǰ
ֱˣôϱҲôóԣһĶԼôôƽƽ档
㾢ıƤҧȥ֮ǿ֨֨ͶѿʮоϾͣ
ҧһ֮ϱģʣµιȻȻûԼĶѿడͷ⻹壬ʱ仹ҲӲ
ȥҪԼȥҪͷԵģȻֻܺһˮˡ
˭㶼˻иԷ~ùҴ̼~
ⶺȻ±һ£ЦаǸϷҸŮ
ȣȻˣɧûŮʲôˡ
ǺǡЦ޳ָùһű˺üͷ⣬ּкüӺϲˡ
Ȼһۣ۾ʹ˳飬ͿǾһҪԼˡ
~𣿡
ÿضһǼвˣֱզˣ
ίҲӵıȰȻŶ񣬵ôϰˣûĹˡ
ҪٷŲˣȻ©˾ͲǾˣݱ
۴Ц⿴ŰȻϱҸϲҾ~
Ϲҳ𣿡
ԣŲظıˣһţôҲûаȻԲθ״
һ߳һιȻȻװУԼҲˣʵʧˣǸоȻôװװ˼ʮС
ѡ
ӳ߱ñߺˣˣ
ŷкͰȻһˮ̵϶ù߸Ŵ󲿶ˡ
ʵ찲Ȼ߻ûɶһС޶ˣһ˶ûС
СҲһ簲Ȼ̣һʰɾԺʣµĶĿ飬ùȥ
ò˵ɩʱֻˣȻӦͨˣȻˡ
ҲúòֻеϱµظɻɩڼˣɩĻơ
Ȼǰɩ·С·أʵĲϣɩڴСޡ
ţȥˮ
ɩϡȻˣ̥ǰȻʱϵģ˶ӣɩڸȻŮ
ϾԼҴѾˣȴ󱦻󱦲ɵҸɡ
Ҳȣɩ㣬ⶹˮϣ˳ԡ
ȻҲûɩԼøСѶŽȥ֮Ʈڸ
ɩȻôžЦ㿴ŵģһ£ôƵģǶ֪ĸ»ȥء
Ȼһɩ軳ҵܵʱ˵֮ǰҪûһڳѪģǾͱˣȶ˶иá
ȻҲ֪ô˵ʵȺǸȿˮһģǲ˵УϾЩиѪǸߣڸûжһ˵ˡ
컹ģϸһJˣãݵҾͶˡ
ɩ걦ӰС༦ȣҿ趼ôȵġ
ڼԵˮ᳤ĺܺÿƤҲܺã㿴Һÿ
ɩĺϲ£죬ҲҪԼ㣬˵ľƻһëǮһˣʮҲòǮ
ʵʱӳԺҲΨһζ۵Ҳúܶ࣬Լʱȷôȵġ
ûָʱԼǸźһء
ɩ˵ˣһȥˣȥسһˣЩɶ
ǣҴëǮƻɡǮ
ȻӹëǮؼʰʰسȥˡ




29.   29    

ȻԼﳵȥسǵĴ治, װʵﵽسѾһ
سǵĺȫѾþòȥ, Ȼ﹤˹ȥ
װĸŮСӳȻӴƳȥ, Ȼε﷢˰̯ġ
Ȼεͨ˴, ±ܵĿ㡣
ɶĶ, ʳһЩﺣ̵ݡ
ȻһȦ˽飬̯ͣλ
ʲôʱ̵ģ
ȻͰȻˣǺ㶼, ̯㻹ûˣͷһԼСȥ̵ġ
㣬㶼ģζóԣһҲȣ߷Ǯһ
ȻȻ֪㲻ȣ̵ģ۸ҲԱˡ
ġ
̯æϳƣ, ʮ߸ߵģëǮ̯ȻҲýд㲻, Ŀڽ˴ӡ
磬ĸ𣿡ȻСѯʡ
, ɲ򰡡
̯ɨһ˵
粻˵, ⲻ̫ˣҺϼƸ˲, ָҺء
ɲǣܰǵһƤ
˴磬ûҲָˣٸһĻȥҸѬϣܳԵˡ
ȻʧҲȷһ㣬ҪǻǮҲ
ҲŽأӾ͸ëһһ˵ϼƺϼѹϽǸԺӣͼһ˵ݡ
ָָ
лл磬ҹȥˡȻŽзŽߵϸӡ
Խ߽ԽûʲôˣȻǲţʵڲпԽռԼҲû˻ϳȻȥ㻹ء
ߵߣ˵ģһ̡
һԺӾʹŲǸɵꡣ  
˭
Ȼݡ
Ȼᡣ߶ſˡ
Ȼһ̧ͷˣ϶
Сɩӣ϶Ҳû뵽ȻǰȻҲû뵽ɩ
զ⣿Ȼʵû뵽
ǰңڼңǸԺˡ
϶Դûɩ˵ֳĵط
Ȼû뵽ֳԭΪ׳ģɽ￪С
Ҳǣ׳ļ۸϶Ҳߡ
ղ˵м⣬Һϼץֻ粹
ʵͬѧסƫǸá
ɩߣĸؼҾµǴ󹫼ķʣ߻ӡ
һֱ𣿡Ȼϼڿռץ㼦ԣسǶſռ˾͵ϼˡ
ǰɩӣһֱ⣬Ҳϱ⣬ⲻǺвĽڶˣҾϱӡ
ץֻĸٹץ
ɩӣũæ֮ǰ͵͵ֻץֻҲ˲˲ųȥС
ȻϼҲôҪһ廨ŹҲҪˣǮϣΪ϶˵ɶҲҪɩǮֻôɡ
ȥȻҲֱӰ϶˵Сˣûھ̯ӡ
ۣҲ֪ÿôġ
Ȼһһǵ˼ҡ
ԺӺ߽ǽиܣȻһֱζˣû뵽Ǵˡ
ڼܹʣשǵģûùܸɾʮֻĸ˽ȥ
˵ĸʵǴһСտµιļóҲʡ
Ȼι˵׽ȥû㶹Щøˣ˶ĳµС᳤ıƽʱµĻã͹ˮġ
Щ˰СȻҲȨеģڴ˼ҲˣҪˡ
ӳ˵ȻأеĴϽҲûô󰡣һʮˡ
һŹǻûأȻһϣһСϸŹǰӡ
սռ䣬ϾƳԲˣ߿϶Ҳ֪Լɶ
һŽĴһƻȻȥҡ
ѽûô㣡
ɩƻ㣬ҿоԼһ
զ԰óԵģСǰûһأĲóԻСûû
ɩһе㷸ģҲҺڻû·Ӧ
Ȼû뵽ͦúȣȻ㣬ûȥɾ
ȻϼƻؼҰӸ˾ͳˣɩ
ɩ㲻ʰ𣿡
ɩҡҡͷҺѹģǰû
һɩ𣿡
ɩͷᣬŽ̵ģ⼸涼Լ͵ģŻĶûԼóԡ
ͣҸ˵ҵһذѹ̵ˮȥˣ֮±ˮû뵽رóԣ֮Ҷô⼸궼Һ͡
Ȼû뵽ɩȻײȻ档
Ǵɩ棬һؼȥʰ㣬һӡ
飬ۼ棬ﻹ˵ЩԵϸء
˵ɩʢһİ棬ȻҲûȥˣˮʰɾ㡣
ɩȻͷβ֮õþһ߿š
硪
ͷ˸Ů׳궼ڵɻƬۿɼٶڷŵ
СӸڵ߼룬СѾ߱סĴߡ
Сﲻߵĸͷһ㣬űС˶ٵľɫ۵ͷ󺹡
ˣ͹æ󱦴ѾӾ͸߼룬ҪеܵˣؼҰְָĥһ£˵Ըƶӡ
˼ҸŮǸӵĻҲֻɩиżĻ
ֻЦҲ֪˵ʲôֻܸ

ֱȥţеİʣµһЪš
һ꣬źߵСβſЦ
СѾŴŵģҪԼϱˣû뵽Сһſ۵Դ
ɵɵŲ۰ղûע⼸Сһһֱ߶ҪǸһҪһ졣
Сһ۵ͷǺЦǺǵģϽȥסȡ
ۣѾǰԼԼģҲϲԼ˭Լϱϲء
СѾͷߵ£˦Сȸš
籾Ҫкӹˮ̧ͷһˣĽʵʡ
˴ɣɩģʵֻǸԼ˴ģǲɩɲҲܰųȥһ˴ӳ
ӳһСѾǿ֪۵ģһǷжӡ״˾֪Ѿͷ϶Ǹ۴ˡ
ӳҲպ϶ӵĹ⣬Ųһҵ˴ҼСŵĵط
ĸŴӳҲźϱˣϾڵ
ιСһˮԼཹེ˰˵˵Լϱˮʡ
óëķУ⿪ŵӣڴëƿӣŽʵµľ¶˳
СһôҲһûɢ
ȵСһһʿˮϾ˰죬ڶˡ




30.   30    

һ, ֮ŷָСһһһȶѷиӷŵǰ, еĲСһͳˡ
Ѿǵó裬, СűССڳ, °Ϳǵ½š
Ȼ󷹺оʱõ, ͷǽһһͨ󣬰ȻŵЩ, Сһˡ
һһԣʱʱͶιСģͻȻоԣһ̧ͷͿһȦվԼϵɩӡ
Ǹɶ
ô˵ٶȸ죬һǱߵ˻˿ô׽Ҳꡣ
ﻹܳ㶫ˣĸû棬ѶѾ
СѾֵ̧ݹȥ̸㣡
, ǶѾԣ̲۶Ѿԡ
, ̸СѾָָָָĸ
ĸĶҪˣ޲۸, СѾԭôӵĺ, һڰװۻģ˵Ҳϲ
֪˵ı֤Ҫ˵ԼϱÿԷǰϴ, 극СһϴĨ㣬ܾܲ͹ˡ
ϽѷеݹȥʵԱˣҲʣ뷹Уϱʣ¡
ϣ㣬ϰӣҸҾԡ
ҲԣҳԵĲˣûʣˡ
ΣֻܰѶѾŷУǷһԹɩϱ˾ͱˡ
ĸ治ǴĥϱţǽʵˣϱͳԸɣһɶҲûɣǶ˵£ЩǶѧڰˣ
ĸһһҲǶʮ
ϴͷһĸ󱦴Ѿһ
̫̫һҲҵģһĶûˣûٳٴ㣬ǰС˼õˡ
Ҫѱ͵ҪǲԸԸ
ԣ˻أǺǵĴԲ
ҲʵҲǿʵǿǿѾǿ˵̾
ǳԵ۸ѾģԼӶˣΪʲôݲԼŮء
ɶػ֣ȥӣӳžһ
ͷжĥɱ¿ûҪɱң
ߣǰѾͷģ
ӳǿԼһӶ벻ĺøеԼСճˣ
ߺߣûҰѾͷϵ˭ʱʱˣͷճӵĹˣ
˵ˣӳҪЬĸסˣܲܶӺõ㣡˵Ĳ԰
ϰ鰡ôϽզ֪Ѿͷɶ浱ͷӲ۶Ӱ˵ôżҪǷӽ飬֪֪ѾͷܲܿӰ
ӳδ˴绹Ϲء
ĸûЩѾͷϲԼӾУԼӶ԰Ѿͷã׼Ȼԧ졣
֪︸ĸǽĲرۺӣϲǿ϶ܸ棬ͷӰ׻һӻǿ尡һˡ
˵ˣԼ϶ҲǮȽ˾ϰһӳ˭
Ȼ߰ɾ֮ͰƤͷβɶ¹һ£̰׵һٰѶ½ȥ
ɩ㿴򵥰ɣȹһʱ򽻸磬㰾ԺӺãԼҲá
Уⲻеǣ㰡
Ҳ̽£ʱҪּ⻹ɶҲء
ɩ˵Żͦ˼
̫˴ɩ㿴֮ӵ׾ȥȣյξУнˮһҨӣȻӽȥκͲ͡
֮һֱˣĽɣʵ̫СҳԿɵ
Ÿղеľ²ĭˡ
ڰȻ۵ĺ˻ڵϲԸˡ
ȥ°졣
ɩߦƤǸ֣ྸ֮ǰˡ
ɩˮȻ¹ӡ
Ҽ˴ӵߵſھżζˣۣȻָõˣ
ЦſܵܣʵܵܵĸĽ
ЦЦؼϴϴϰȻңɲϱԼӡ
˭һԺʱɶϱһֵĴϷţЦˣ۳ˡ
ɵ˰ϴϴԽӰҸɩģ
ſڼ˸һҲæӿŲȻһӡ
ǿԼϱһںߣϽܹȥӹ
ʲôѽһ£ɩС֡
꣬㡣СţּҲͦãԼϱصսʱˡ
ȻĽˣԭԼһôˡ
ŵĶ֪˵ʲôˣϽϴϴ
Ȼϼզˣûкȳԣﻹһء
æȥʢ
ȥȥɾ·ִܵ˳
ȻҲ˽ȥŹߵǰ磬զˣ
ϱζ
ţȻ§סᡣ
ţζʮ㰡һûҶ𣿻ǲǲϲˣһ㰮ȥسһӵĽӡ
ȻԽ˵ԽίװģҪɿ§֡
ûϱת§סȻʹŰȻһ¡
ԴڰȻŵĵң
㣡
ίͰ̧ͷ㣡
ߣҲûã㻹ҵġ˵ҧһСӡ
ѽһˣȥȥ
ŶͷĶ˳ȥ֮ǰͷŵİȻʢֶһ¡
ۣлû
̧ۿȥ
û˭ҹܳ˰ 
ĸۣ궼ûЩӣϱǺþǰܼҰ
Ƕȵ㣬ġȻùʢһ룬ָɩʢһ롣
ѾͷԼ³Խӣϴϱæһ춼ۻ˰ɡ
ûŻɩߦƤҰɩۻˡ
ҪôóԵĽӣҾͻǿԣղųҳˣˡ
ӳ߶żζˣȰȻ˹ֱʿˮС޿ˮҪˡ  
´һ´ôĶһûʣƤ
һҲһ֭ƤڴһŽܣȹӪˡ
ӰȻԼͱǽĽرóԣʮһ
ʰĸҵĸˣȻԺϴɾҲ˹ȥ
ʱûɶĿˣƲˣ컹Ϲأϸϸɾˡ
ڴŻºðԺʰĸɾҲûӲӬŴС绹ͦġ
~~
ǽͿȻˣ͸ͿСҪ˯˯ӣ̧ű㷭˽ȥ  
Ȼղž˵ˣҲ֪ЬֱӱϿ§סȻ
ɻһ첻۰~
С˵ŴŴϡ
ۣǸ㣬ϱس˰
§ŰȻ˵ţСﻬĲ
~Ҹ˵~




31.   31    ͷ

Ȼͣ, §סȻˡ
ȥسˣвǹҾϹ˿, ȥ˺ܶࡣ
Ҿ͸ȥһȦ, Ҿȥһ, , ߡ
󣬺ΣաѡĸطΪ, ʲô˶У˵Ͼȫζõĵص㡣
˵꣡Ȼס졣
áסָ⡣
 ȥǹŸ㼦ղһû뵽϶ץʮֻЩŹǣ㵹ʱǮϡ
, »Ҫʲô˵
~ ɱһֻϸ
á 
˵˯ŵϱ, ĶĹǵģ§ϱ, һ, û뵽Ϊ̫۱˯ȥˡ
Ϊ̫ۣ˯ˣǲ֪ȥˡ
Ȼҹе, Դ˹ʶİѰȻ§Щ
ߺأȻЩţûë̺۾͸оˡ
һȻûߣ˯ͦ㣬ǿֶûѣ۵ˡ
ĳóһŴë̺ϣԼҲ˽ȥ
ϣȻǱˣһ§Լë̺ԼϣŲë̺ϣӹµϴ
ȫǺС͵ģһĸպãŹˣ԰ĭһˡ
Ź࣬Ӳһˡ
Ȼݿûѣߵ㣬üۣҲ֪ôģ˸ŨüۣëСˢӣǺÿ
˯㣬ûΣû뵽ԼСˡ
˯ĵ˯£ͷԼܿȹ⣬ְѰȻ£С׸ͣ
Ȼҧ촽ԷˣһҪϹˡ
ⴥУʹҲ̫ʵ˰ɡ
ϱզݣ
磬ûȥ𣡡˻ΪΡ
̧ͷˣֱ̫˯ˣʱզϱ˯ô
Ѿ𣬱԰ӣ
ŶŶȫǷģһλԼǲˣϱ˯һ
зû
ţǸˣʵ̫ˣⱲûô۹
ȻѹƿװֵĴӿž۲˳һһԾǽ
صҹȻСѾˣֻССԼء
壡
꣬ǳ԰ȥʣһСڸѾųԣֵϴɾ㷹ëš
ŶѾ͸ˣȻѾʢˡ

ϣıԱ𣿡
ȻӹѾˣԼıҪ޶Լûеλˣ
ϱԼûеλûеλɣ̡
ϱĸֳԵģŹǴôԶԡ
Ź໹˰˸ӣȻǷйҲܴʮô죿
û£Ҿ͵油һ£˵˱֤ԣǳŵ
ţ㲻ԾͱǷˣѾԱ
ȻԼ壬˶վԱķϣѾӴģ˸ÿվˡ
̣Ǻ˷ƵƮƮȻˡ
ɱϲ̵ģѼʰĸɸɾģûԺɱܵСϪʰ
ʱȻȥˣѾҲͻȥˣϰõķкˮ̵İȥˡ
ӳϼ̫Ǳأôɻˡ
ȻؼҵʱǾŵˣϴɾĸͼӣȻޡ
ĸֱýռˣøڴɰš
԰Ĳ˲ժҪˣΧȹű¨Ȼڲ԰ҪƹӶժ
ÿռݲС̳ᶹǡ
пϵʱͰѻƹȥȿϣ֮ˮѹˮ
ռһζĩĨ˷ϡ
һЩС̳طʣµĶŽռء
ְһ֭ϴɾѹĻƹϣС⽷Žȥ
æ꿴ѾʮһˣѼѪһ֮󣬸ļһԼǸķһƹϡ
ڵϱ߿˸룬ȻðѼŽȥϵİװȥŽ֮ϲžȥ
ͦԶȻߵĿ컹˰Сʱ뺣ߺԶĵطһ޼ʵ
ۿɼٶȼ٣Ϊһ۾Ϊ߸ŸСβ͡
Ȼ֪ЪûҲûֻѾȥ
ΪɵĿ죬ͷԼ˶Ȼˡ
˵ʹˣ˼ʱ˵ȻҪϴӳҲøɻ֪Ķ֪Ȼͣﱳãһ仰ӳ͵ûˡ
Ϊˣ󵨵ĸɩʲôߣȻļͥǶ֪ģ©䶼Ǻϼһˡ
磡ˣļСӺĺţԼˡ
˼ͷզˣԶţôȵ죡
ȻȻк
򿪣ʪëҹһԷѽ
ں޲ðϱתһȦ̫ˡ
ϱǶһأʮӾЪˣҰ͹ȥԷ
ӹᣬͰȻ£ϵĶ̴¸Ȼ
ȻѾ֣ùŶѾһȥ
һһСʧ䣬漴ָԭ
Ļ￴ЦһһС
ȻŷСѾѾ߲ôڼҺòһ
ѾԴ룺ô
аȥ档
ãòáѾ˵ȻһĿŰȻ
Ȼһϣ治֪СѾͷ뵽ʲô֪ɩôôô޶
Ȼ֪˵ʲôϾԼҲкӴӦ֮ԼƽΪƽǶԼӵĲƽ
⻰ˣѾ׶ˣ壡ְֻߵģ
Ҳһߣ˭ˣ
Ǻð~СһίίſڰȻϣССƨɶܾ
ѾԷѽ㲻˵𣿡 
Լ۸޻Լ壬һСԹһСһСһˡ
Ѿ˰ȻҲɿղžͿﶫͦ࣬ҪһһóȻѲ̿ȥ
ļأóСģһƹһгӣﻹ֪ǸԼ˴ġ
Ǹˣ⻹ڼأϻؼҳԣ㲹ģúˡ
ȻĲ֪ǵģûб˵ġ
ȥԷ˵˲
ţȥ
ȥˣѰһһʣµľ͸ϱԣԲ¸
ԣԾͲҪˣҪ㲹ġ
ã֪ϱˡ֪ڻûʱ䣬ϱ뼦ʣһԼȡ
԰һһģѾҲȻԵҲ㣬ǶѾ۰Ͱ͵İȻҲûҪǸ˲ΣСѹסˡ
нƹ壬˲٣ǼȲȥˣΪһײ̫ˡ




32.   32    Ϻ

˹ʱ, һһӡ
ļҲȵ㲹ϹͷѸӵݹȥ
С
ѽ, 𣿡
ҳˣǿ, ǼӺƹϡ
ȻĲ·, ˳ԵҲ첻һϹˡ
ϱȥקקȻ½ǡ
, ϻȥóԵģȻruaԴһѣͷëӲӲЩ֡
ĿŰȻԶȥ̾˿ҲֻܽŸɡ
ȻǴСѾ, ֮Щš
Ѿȥߺòã
ã
ȥʴȥȥ
ãСѾ˦Ⱦܻؼңһɩ͸Źˣϻſ
Ϻ߰
ţɩһȥЩĵûҲǲġ
У߰ɣ
, ҰŲϡȻĲţˮͰɩһȥ
˰¾Ǻ̲, ȻͶѾЬ˲ϸɳ档
ɩЦǺǿûЬ, ֱߵʯ߿ۺӡ
ȻǶɳ̲ϵС, ΪӾʹڳû뾹ȻǴݣȻ۵ĸ, һһݵġ
ɩۺӿҲŽ¨ＸСˡ
ڼ䰲ȻٵëЩûҪǺóǺóԵɳڶˡ
СͰȻܵнʯĵط
ʯкݺͳƬĵıǣϸϸȥŷڣп˰Ͱ
мУѾɳ̲Ϻš
Ȼͷһ˲ãѾͱзˣɶץ
ȻץЩзѴѵĸзСзˡ
СзϽȥܺŶȻ۾İСзȥ
ȥ
Сзоɱ̫أܵٶǽһ졣
ȥһǳɩһӹ
߰ɣȻŶѾͰһȥˡ
ϺջȻо˶ˡ
Ժˮˮɹ֣ѹģˮס֮ϴõġ
ǿŴ죬ǸѾϴ衣
ݰϴ˳
Ѿϴ㣡
ѾеСţ·СŲ˹
ȶСϴͷ
ѾԹǰ㣬ַˮ̳ɰȻˮõͷϡ
Сͷģ˿ЩɿݷƣȻһɫҩϴ࣬ĭ֮ĨСͷϣİĦš
Ħĭû˲ˮϴɾСԴëס֮ˣȥɣ
ȻСϴϣ͸оѾݣһŹǡ
ѾõĶ㣬ϵζš 
СѾ͵ЦȻСﲻ֪ΪɶЦΪء
Ѿϴ꣬Ȼɾ˱ѣϾûĸɾ·Ĳ粻
ڿϴţ·
˵갲Ȼصݣ¹˿·治٣ǻûкʵġ
ҵ˸䣬ѧУļͳһľɫ䣬ԴӴһܰȻҲû
պҲСˣҲ֪ôġ
ó·ŶѾ϶ô󣬻ÿռзóһ̵ְģʵ޻ĲӱϾʱ
ߺк·Ȼصݡ
ѾСȹӣȻЩСʱģСеûй
ã
Ȼ·ѾϣȻС
ŷ漴ѷһһ̵ġ
ߺУߵСŦ۸ָģϵģǹùüĹС
ҪѾһ׵СŦۣȻó֮ѷ̶ڶһλá
֮ڰССŦ۹̶ӼϣҪǰѿĵطѹ޷
ںϵÿĺᣬڰ±С޾ˣ
ôϲȻȹӳɾ͸Ҳˡ
úÿСѾŰȻСȹתȦȦ
ĻȫûʶѾˣͿѾһѾ·ȻһڱϿš
ɶأ
磡㿴Ҿ·õȹӺÿ
˲о·ÿ·ˣʺƨһ
Ȼ˵ЩߣҲ֪ԼˮƽޣԺǱ׳ˡ
ѽûмȺţߦ
һ𡣡
ð
ЩզݾͿźз
ɣܱԭζ
ϱԷġ
׼ˣʰ۾٣Ūһ㡣
һ㶼Ѵ󲿷ֺӶʰɾˣȻˣĺзݾٷˮˡ
ڿռ䰾˰죬ڼҰ˰죬õĿһоɢ״̬ˣѹͷû뵽̳һΡ
ΪϱԼԼѼ˵ģû뵽Ȼġ
ϱ⣡զֱӸˣզҪϴɾϣҲ˰
ôҲǼСү˲м֪ġ
ЩǷϣ˲ΣǸоϱԼİΪǾɵô𾢣û뵽˲δ󲹼
סţǲ˲Σǵ棬ЧҲ˲ΣǱȽϺģҩģ۸񲻹һУû򡣡
ǾͺãȻ˵ľôҺ˾ˡ
ǸҩЧӵĲˣ˾С
ܰ
αͲ󣬰Ȼûעھ͸ˡ
ȻôҲҩİϱӹҪѪ
Ȼһһ棬˵ƹϱˡ
ͣڵһ㼤ˡ
ʹҲԵ㣬ˣȻ˳ȥ
򺣬ûôԣȻ˸ɴóɽ˺ݡ
зóз׺ͻƾƣСӹòҪ̫ʡ
ͻȻȻرȥݸˮ裬֮ԼĴ̵˯һ
ʵǰȻŲųصĲʰ֮صԼСϣ˯¡ 
ȻҪ˯ˣϤ漴һıԼ˹ȥ
ۣ
ۣϱ~
զֹˡ
ɲ˵ǵȼﶼ˯˲ķġ
㣬쿴㣬ϱ绹ȥҺò
ɤȻ
ãûҾȥ㡣Ͻȥˡ
˯һͻȥ
Ȼ֪ԣƽǲܻȥˣɴ۾˯
͸ɫŻСˣ͸ۣѪ
۾ŻôҲΪɻһ̫۳˯¡
ȻһȻڣŵŲû뵽ôһˡ
һѰҪߵС̻ڻ۰һ
Ȼ׵Ժ𿪣Ҫ緹ˣ
~§Ż˾ǲȥ
Ȼʹ󷢣Ҷ~
СｿϸɨϣƷˡ

ؼˣȻܵ߼ѣιĺãŸһʮë˲١
ʱȻƬأҲûľǼ˼ɰ˸




33.   33    ״

һɱֻĸȻиһֻ塣
ϱ, 첻ȼвҪ̫ˣоôȥɻȥ
԰ȻӦˬ죬ҪǼûɶζ
ϱɶŽҲûɶ, ЩҲ緹
ҸѾͣǿ϶иӡ
, һҶ, ɩӻ, ⼦ҲܳȥϱŵɣҲó, 춼ûԹ
·ˮҪǳҲ̫ˬˣٿƶԲڡ
ȻǸҲǣҪһֻҲûɶ˾Ͳóˡ
ҿʰϹˣȻ˿ʱϽ·ȥ
ǰ컹ûʲô򶹸أ˾Ͷ
ǺӵģԶϹ¹۵Ķû˼ˡ
ȻԼһ˸ɻҲɵ, ӳһͷ¿ÿٶ, ԵıȺøɵ٣Ϊ˲뿪¿ɵҲǺˡ
һҲ, Ȼһ, ٽﶹһٽ
òһȡ½½Ͷˡ
кõĶȻ߼˱߾͸ˡ
˵Ҳ, Ϲ֮ǰͶûˡ  
ĴҲмģгһʮǸ˴ġ
˶ûˣȻϴţѹ߶ھϴɾ
Ǵӳι¿ĲݣһѶڹһ𰾣ι¿
Ѷ£ӣĽﶹȥҡ
öӶģ˵ʮһͶҲ˳ֵ¶
ɩӣڼ𣿡
һԺų򿪣ȴǹŵġ
ڼأ
ȻӦûһɩͿš
ɩզأ
ⲻѾڼ˯ôǰĹӳ˶Ϲ˺ӱˣǻ۰ָ￪סˡ
ɩ뻹£ǺӻǴѾأҲӼˣ붼¡
ԺϹѺӶţӳҲúǼûؼųԡ
Ȼû뵽£ʵһ»治٣ֻͨѶﲻͨѡ
Ѿ˯ذ
ţɲ˯Ŀˣ˵ǰҿ⺢ȴΪʲôҲûʵǵĲӦá
ɩΪ̥ԸҲ˲٣ʵҪԼ˶ԼãŹǺ˵ֽġ
ɩһֱƲҵģҲϴӳңŲĥˣʳܱɷţȴǲ֪㡣
Ȼ֪ĺӲϲǸ֪ȫǺӵĴСС;ͳ̫Ŀѡ
ԿѾ͸չЩΪԼ롣
˶ǸԵôɩⶹøҸװϡ  
ȻԼɩǸһôùҲϲǼӰɡ
Ҳҿ⼸ӻСҲٴ
ˣҲСˣһ˸ȥʱһԡ
ҲɩţʵģϾռ֪ˡ
Ȼ˼ҡͷɩӣҸһȥԡ
ɩȻϹ˺ﻹ֪ɲ˵Ҫǰۺòҵϱô졣
ǵʱһȥ
ɩһȥһѾȥС
С
賿ˣҪҲΪ궹Ͼ϶ʮҶỵ
ѵĻƣۣȽҷ֮ռϴս裬Ѹ˯ˡ
Ȼʱ͸оﱧŸСһһ۾Ϳ˶Ѿ
Ѿʲôʱѽ
ոգġСﱧСѾˣ
ŶŶû
Ѿҡҡͷﵰ
Ȼͷ˿һ˯ãҲˬ
쵽ˣ
ҵͨ紦ļӣѿⷿŵͷһƬһˡ
ıǣѾһɳûˣڵģζóԡ
ըЩ˿ػﻹеɶ˿
Ȼõķʹ߶Ѿߡ
СѾžͲˣȻΪ˾ͣ
㿴ϺúÿŶСѾָһƬơ
Ȼ￩һ£Ѿ֪Լ֪ģߵ״ƣ̨֮ǰס
ߣѾǿЩȻЩʵҲż̨ǰü춼ס
Ϲͱ٩ˣôûЩ켴ʹɶǿ˶ɰˣҲûƵ˭ʡ
Ҳû˵ʲôϾ˼Ҹɻ죬ƽʱҲ֣ũæʱϹ
˵ӳǸ첻ߵģֺγǼء
һֱε뿴ĨСӰ
һ磬ϳüأֱ̫߸𣬲ſĨ˵Ӱ
ӳȻҲϢĵ˾࣬ϴؼȡɡ
ܵ˰ȻǰɫݣΪʲô
ϱ˭۸ˣ
ûУҾǸо̨Ҫˡ
ȻɫأüϾ̨ʳͶˡ
ߣȥ˵ӹѶѾԼ͹ȥŰȻҵԼ
Ѿͷˣ
ӳֺǺǵģճɺð
Ȼ˵Ҫ̨ˡ
ɫأӳ￩һ¿Ȼ
壬̨ٻҪ߰졣
СѾͷ֪ǫ̂࣬ǰôԤﻹֵˡ
ӳ⻰˲٣оҲǰԤ⣬˵̨绹û¾ء
壬սõУзḻĺսҿյġ
ӳһҲô˵ȥǺ
һͰקˡ
ϸ磬Ǹɶ
ѽǰҺ˵̨Ҫ
ôܣ֮ǰǿģÿ궼̨磬û¾ġ
ų𣬲ݵĿŴӳû뵽Ҳһ֡
ǣ˵ӳЩˣô£
ǣ㿴״ƣ̨ǰǰף֮ǰǰףû˾ʹ̨ˡ
Ů֪ʲôǲԸ˵ҪʳȥʱԼᵽˡ
Ҫ֪𣿡һۣǱо߶ˡ
ߣԷȥǡ
šȻҲóֺãռʳʱȵ㡣
ӳҡҡͷ쵼̨Щ˸ô졣
ϱ𲻿ģ̫֪ôˣΪǴѧηˣҲҴûżͳưˡ
Ȼҡҡͷֵá
ȻȫԿأ˵ǲûӰ顣
ϱɶóԵġ
Ӻͼӣ㲻ǲҸͷһ𳴵ģػ
ȻѶһһóһҲпˡ




34.   34    

ΪȻ˵Ļ, ӳҲûԷˣżİѼСӳҵһ
СӳǱҵģһҲûΣ, ֪ӳΪ׺á
ϸ磬˵, ˵զɰɣ
, вޡ
ӳﶼͬҲ˿, ڸľͲˡ
ҲԼȥʶԱԸŵ۾ͻؼҹѴ, Ѽʳߣһǵҹæˡ
о⣬ǽֱ˵Ѵ㣬ۣ׳æ㡣
ʵ궼лС̨磬Ժӵ˶ϾϤһס
ⲻҲǰյʱˣϹϸɻ۲١
źþ;ϿɣвͬϾͿԲɡ
ʵִ֧ӳĶǱֵ, мյͲӳˣֱӾ͸ǡ
Ҳе֪֮, ֪ҵˣ¹ӳҪ˵ˡ
ǻڼٵ, ӳѾ׳ҰķѴˡ
޹Ҵϱ֪ϢͻؼҸ˵ˡ
ӳҲǸӵ˵, ˾ɵļȴȽӳ  ҲæŸԼӷѴ
һʱԱæԹص, ˾ͱ
ﲻܲ棬ӳְͣӳ˴֡
֪ӳְͣȻû뵽úΣӦÿԼ²⺦屻ְͣ
ӳְͣѾ֮߰ˣȻӳǶŪӺòڡ
壬㣬Բ壬Ҳ֪ẦְͣҪȻҾͲ˵ˡ
ѽӣٹ궼Ҫˣ⻰˵Ĳԣ˵ҲŰգд󰮵ĺӣһĸ
㿴ڶãȥϹˣøҺŪһӶû⼸찲ݡ
㿴ʣƵģԱѴʩҲˣǲ̨֪Щûʩ˼ü
ˣи˵Ļ
ӳһתѾͷܸܲͷҲһݣͷǮЩأ
壬õŰҵʱ͹
ǲУţʱ󣡡
˵žǸͯƵܽݣһóһǮ
Ǯ㣬ٸҪ֪вƱ·ӣΪɵʵСҵģȻһ㲻ǡ
ͷһĴһӳȥˡ
ȻԼһģο˵ģȴүһٿǮ
ҡҡͷؼˣͻɣүôһԲϾǮأԼֲǻʮĴ
ɱֻҪ˼ģҰɣ̲ˡ
۲˴кͶ꽴һСôš
ǿԼӾͲϹˣ˹Ҳûеˣɻɲ
Ȼû뵽ӭ˲֮ͣΪ˾ȥˡ
û뵽žͿ´ӳģſڡ
ȻȻȥվſڡ
£Ȼû£û¸Ͻ
ʲô̬ȣһ֪ģôʲǹŹ𣡡
µĴӳҴΪ˶ƲŰȻ̬ȸǾñǰҪ
ȻҲСˣס´ӳĲӾ
˱ţϢ
ţүүǸŴɽľˣҴʿҰǸľˣǰǽũģģҲģҲ˵Щѹģֻ㲻ǵ˴ӳˣ
ӳû뵽۸֪ྐྵȻôӲӣ֪Ҳ϶
Ϊ˴ӳۣԼӳ϶Ͱ
һȱӳͷȻоʲôζͷ㿴һ̯ˮգϽ˦ְˡ
ʲôණһӳǰδеľ裬߻ʵԶ̲ס˵첻ȥϹˡ
ߣԷ͵µ֣ô㣬˵ˡ
һҼſʰɾ 
˽Ųһܵĸ찲Ȼ̯̯֣ԼҲûɶ𣬷ԼҲԸȥˣǿɻЩ춼кȦˡ
ǺǵŪã󳵾سȥ
ûȥĵطֱȥ˹ǵľݵ㡣
ɩӣ컹𣿡϶Ȼһ㲻⣬⼸ȣСɩûضһ飬ڶ
ǣǹķӸ㣬ҿɿʱֱӸͣһȥ˵
ɩӣⲻ𣿡
ȻŸ˵һ£֮϶˾ȥ˹硣
˵Ȼ˸ͻ˾ԭлÿ
Ȼ֪⣬ͶҪˣϾҲˣ˵Ӫ껹ȥ̸أòҲֻڹ
һʮ˹Ҳզóԣ˲ҪƱҲ࣬ʰ
ϰոϲͶܶٳζȼ۸񻹵ͣһǺüǮء
ȻôһȦ춼Ҫˣ˵Ģһ
ûسǾͿһĨϤӰվŵ
¹ͿڰȻſڹģ߹ȥڲĥĥĲ˵
ģǰȻûڼңﻹżŵţưȻԼȥģԼͷɵĶ£ûס
ǰѽҰȻԭίȫˣĸˡ
Լϱһ֮»˼ңԼ
æ˳ȥسǣϰȻڳŵµţȻĨе˶
ϱϳӭȥ
Ȼľͺˣô£ô˿أ
żˡ˵죬Ĳ˭øղô˿Լϱء
ôˣ
ſڿ͹ľͰһ٣֪ίˣֺݺݴһ١
ıǵŰȻ佱Ĵ󹷹ԵĲС
Ѿʰˣˡ
Ȼ˵𻹾öģһ˾Ȼܱ
ţˣҰ־дľٱš
ٱܻ߰ҰŽ첻ɻŹʺ͹֣֤֤ʵٵģϾ¶涼ϣǮҲڴĻͷ㻹ˡ
ҵǸģ˵ͶƻͶԱְͣ
ò˵ջƵĲˣһѪ
ô֪ٱİ
Ŷһǵ飬ŴģջƵĻҵȥسʶҵҵҲ̤ʵΪϰո£ڼͬѧһ˵ҵͱְͣˡ
զϹˣȻ֡
˵˵Сӣسҵһũ񣬲ֲϹõĳͷسҲ˳ƴӦˣջƵĹƶҪŻѪˡ
Ȼѵسʲô˵𣬹ҲϻǵɣҲ֪ӳһӶΪ˴˱Ҳǣ岻ϺͿԼĻˡ




35.   35    ̨

ûԷذɣȻ·û϶ֱӹġ
û, ϱզˣ֪Ȼɶġ
Ǳ߲ҲҪȥҲ̫ˣǹǱ߶Ļܸ, Ҿȥ϶ѷˣҲ롣
ȥҲͦõ, ϱ, ۲ôۡ
 ۰Ȼ, Ҳ֪ԼϱҲ֧ϱѡ
سǵʵҲԶ·ȽϺߣﳵûһ͵ˡ
˵һѳͼȥ, ʵǻؼһѡ
Ȼݵһ¾Ǵ򿪹ǿȻʱŵһѾʣζ
ʢɰʢʣڵʢһ롣
С˶֮ǰϴɾģǰѸĺƬһ¡
Ȼ֪ϴˡ
磬һٿǮҸóԵģǮױ̨ĳ, ùȥʱǮҲȥ  
ߵȻ§סСϱû£Ǯ, Ҫš 
һ鼦Ⱦӽ
̡
, զҲҪǮ
զҪ, ʱҹ
ȻЦˣûĸӵġ
ϱҶ~°ͷڰȻϣСɵİƬı
Ѳ˸ȥͿԿ, ߰й
ɷ˵Ͻ͹ȥˣϵǲˣͣҳ԰ɡ
Ȼҡͷҳһ鶹Ƥ
ؼҼﶼ˷׼˯ˡ
˳Ŵ͸ϵû˵ˡ
ӳ͵أϽӣӣȥѸղŸ
ղȫ˶ΪΪжְûԷʵǵȰѾͷĲ˰ˡ
ĸͷθҲûɨ˵ϳԣТģԵôˡ
Ϳϵ·ǰҩҩ¯Ҳ֪Ȼզóˡ
ϱǸɶ
ԵʺȥˣǸպľͷŽ·Ȼѹϡ
·ϾСʱ򻹾͵͵ء
·ϣͿʼðݣȻѵõĺ֭һ룺㿴֮պԣ㳢
ȻƬ֮Ƭں֭һȦ־͵ݵߡ
û뵽һޣеıƬڹһպ֭ۻЩ࣬Ҳ̲סһ߳һ߸Ȼ̡
ջüҪȥˡȻҲ̨֪絽ˣСʱ·ǲһᷢʲô
⼸СӶˣĥ󹤣Ҳץء
ȻϱȥҾͲȥˣҲͲˡ
һ˻治٣ģСȴƵĸɣԵڶ켸ûȥˡ
ﶼвûȥ
Ȼѵû𣬰Ȼ賿˿§Լ֣̾ԼϹ˧
˵۽ë˵ı§ס˾׳ؿ˯ˡ
ȫûо˺٣Сƽȣ۾͸¹⼫Σա
¡¡¡¡
ȻǱ׵ѵģ̫űꡣ
Ϊ£İȻµذѴϣҲϣĺȥգûͽˣԺǽŶߣ˭Ҳߡ
ݾͿСһţŶֱŤ
ϽϿСﱧסԱ˯Ŷ
ȻҲ˾ǲԸԺıͷҪס
С̵סͷȥ
ƻסһ˿ûҵСﴭŴȥٸСһ·ϡ
޸ҰɡɤƳԣȻѬˡ
áȻû˵ͱס죬С˵̲סڻܸȶסҪ
Ϲ~~
ţȥʲôҲᵫЩҲѧ˼򵥵ġ
~
԰Ĳ㶼ˣͿ԰ûвˣǶˡ
ڲַءȻû¾ͰѲ԰Ĳ˶ժˣŽ˿ⷿҲҿժˣȻɲҳȥ
˵򵥵Ҳȷͻ򵥵ģһ̯˼ټһƹһټַḻͲһˡ
綼ˣΪӷסˣֻܵˡ
Ϊɴײ꣬ٲҲ̨֪ˣˡ
ҲƴգóЩ춼ûõľͻȻͣˣǸˡ 
ͷһţˣϽ˿ⷿȥ
ϵ˺ɤӺֺֻˣբſ죡
ľͷſ֮ⷿϽܣҵۣӳһ˲ѲһȦû²ܡ
ܵʱԽԽ󣬽˱
֪ܳȥĲ֪˵ɶæȥҾڴͷ
춥裡Ѵһϵܡ
֪ݣǶ㻹ȥӢۣ㿴˭һİΣҪȥˤ˭֪ 
ѽЩ׵СӲ֪ȥˣҲ˵ʳ˿ⷿһզ
ѽҲҿ̨磬ǹӷȥûǶҪˡ
Ըͳȥˡ
СӸɶȥϵĴӵۣСӾôԸԼ˵
ͷӣ˵զ۸ղŻû극ȥˣᰲһ˸أ
ϴء
˵أӶˣæҵ᷹ûأ
ĸﱧŶѾţ⺢ҲǴѵģˮ˯Щᡣ
Ұɣұȥ⸸ӹѾѾҪæơ
ظߣߵʱûֱӽϣȻæŽ
ȥôһʪ͸ˣһϵˮͻ䡣
Ͻ·ˣ˹ˮϴϴȡ
ȻϽƽݣˮѾˣ·Լߡ
Ȼһ׵Ľˮ׺ǣĴŶ˽ȥ
ˣġ
˵͵һߺˡ
ůĽˮﻹŽˮһߴߺȣԭڶⶼȺġ
û뵽СԼȥһô£ôԼ
Ȼźû϶ûԱϴߦ˵˸˿档
磬㻹ûϴ갡
Ūˮ᲻ó
Ҹ𣿡
᲻á
㻹
ϱû·ѵô
Ҫ
ȻϽܽ˸ԡùȥţ
Ŷ
ߣȻ˿˽ݣְ·Žϡ
һ·ϴٿӡ
ţϱԼϴУϴ֡
ߣҲŲϴء
ϣҸϱϴǸСɰϴġ
ȻһڿˮǺסˣôô




36.   36    ̨

һûͣ, ſԺ԰Ѿˮˮô
±, Ȼһܰ
ʺ˯Ҳ˯Ļذ, о, Ѿһ
Ҳû, һ´꣬Ҳɵģʹպ۵ôֲû˷֡
һһҹ, ˮӣ˿ˮŽС
ȻɺӸ̾ҿǷӵ˵ػȻ治֪
ţҪϷˡȥŲŷߵûĶ࣬ӦǹŶסˣͿʼҨˮ
һ̧ͷ⿴ȥͿǰ˽ַŴСϲźӵģдֽɡġ
ų̋׻ߵˮ, ƴ󲿷ֻˡ
ۼ⻹߻洬ĲԼϵ𣬴ϻЩ˺ӡ
ӿٶҨˮ, ûʲôˮ˰Ȼ¡
ϱڼұ, ҳȥһ, ҪǺ¾ȥĶ
˵˳ȥˮͳȥˡ
ȻΣӿռóһ˫ɻѥ, ʰӾشģһҲǰóġ
ѥӿӳˮδӿռﳶһˮڿռˮͷϣשˢˢɾٳռ͸ɾˡ
¹Ҳ˳ˢ֮ëɣˮʼͰ¹ĶᵽˣЩһûʪ
Ȼܲˣûϴˢ̵Ķӽռ䣬ӽϴ·Žϴ»ȫּɵģûһ߶óҽ¹
¹ҲǺɵģ˵ذȻ֣ĶѾǸˬˡ
ųڰë̺ͱӻˣһ뻹ˣ˯ɵҲñ֡
ʰĸ̨ȫˮ챾ʪأ⿻һգûһ͸
ͨͨ磬һ۾ͿߵĴˮأԼûķѻƹϣϹˣЩ
ˮȥƻһɡ
ŽС꣬ߵľˣܹ͹˻ǻġ
ȻͻȻ˺Լ
ֶŮ
Ȼź壺壬أ
ֶŮҽȥ㰡
壬ãܰȫȥ˰ɣ
ǴֶŮһ㰡ҲָӣҲһʱ˺ӡ
ǺӷѴʩĺãԱ뼰ʱмΣҲŵ˼ȥˡ
ֻ̫̫ΪϷһˤȣһˤѾڸղŵһʱҽԺˡ
ҲæⲿҲŶصĵطȥˡ
ź뺣ûɶ£Ҳ̫
ȻԺĵϵһߣĶ
û뵽̳ʲôУȻ̱ԺһʵҲֻ̨ױϵġ
ȻĶҲûж٣ǻģŸɴ඼ʰɾڶŲ˶˼ͺͽȥ
ȻһڼңƵİӣһײεĽӳ̬ͣӾãձķҲ١
굹ǲ£Ӳ֪ٻأ֮ķ߹ҲȻ
Ĳҩɷһֱˮ£԰Ȼġ
ȻӣûһȻ
Ųµ꣬ȻѴϷŵľκ֪ôŪôι̡
Լϵæһ죬ֱ̫·ȻƤͲˮˡ
СԺſڿ˴űˮȥͿСڸϾ
ϱ˵žҪæ
飬ȥϴ裬ȻĨӷۣˮڹ
ϡ˵ŽݣһӾͰѺɢˣʱЩð
ʰɾӺˢĵأʵǽȥɴſ꣬þ͹Žȥˡ
һݵשȵƿǾ֪ˮǸԼ׼ģٵĴˮϴ衣
ȻŪɴ಻ŪϴѰõĽٹˮ  
ϴһŵ˳ŷƮʱҲϴȥˣĲԡˡ
ô찡
ţ̫̲סˡ
˰ɡ
Ȼѽţӻóԡ
ϱ۽ɶڵģ
㣬ǸСʣˮ̵ģǻġ
ʾ֪ղžͿſأץ̣̫һɹ˾Ͳܳˡ
û뵽Сôóԣһҧһ֭Ķӽʳˣۻں;ĽƤôҲԲ塣
ô
óԣ̫óˡ
óٸеں棬һ͹ȥŶ
ϱҪĸùȥԼҳ԰ɡ
Ȼһ۷ȥ磬Щ԰һأŵҪܳԾͶˣϸӡ
Ȼǲ֪⾫ݵôһӵġ
ְֻЩӷڸϣ˳ǽͷȥˣˮ·Ҳʪ
ǽؼҾͿϵ̨⿴
ɶأȥͳȥ¡
ˣ͹ȥˡӳ̾
ˣϱõĽԲûȥˡ
ѸϰװֵĽӸҪûȥͷ˹ȥ
ͷСŽӵӣЦ
裬ѽ˸ѾҰԣҰֳԶʳ
⺢ӣʳ϶ţ㻹ʲô
ĸ⺢Ӳ֪ɷϿ϶ӺͶϱТ˳˵ﶼֿ˻
ЩùˣҪȥϱˡ
ȻȥˣȻҲȥˡ
Ȼ֪ȥˣɫŮƵİˡ
Уǻû顣ѱ۸Сϱ
Ȼǲ֪һĶʲôϣӣҸͿӷۣƤݸˣһ͵ƣǸɵġ
˵ŰȻŷ۵ˢ϶ӷۡ
ֱǿ̣һ£ɴۣĶˡ
Ȼ˶Ū˼СˢӱȻ£߬ĽģϽװġ
һСܵѪ
ӷۣȻͰ͵Ƥʱͻˡ
Ŷһӷ۾Ҫˡ
ȻǵϷҸŮС꣬СֵܵԴҧӦһ
ȻЦˣ⻯ױˢҲֱˡ
ٻǶˣԴ϶Ū
磬۾ڿɰ~ȻСĺ顣
Ҳûɶɴ۾
Ȼ죬һƻ
ҵ˺һȻͶιʵһӦһеģԶܺá
ϱҭˡʵҭˣҲǳԲˣղʵ̫ۣϺȵ࣬һ˲ٽӡ
ֳ͸оˡ
ˮȻѲ׸ݵǰʾԼ
ϱ㲻ǲҶιҡ
ˢûбɶ¶Ȼκ˿ˮȥ
һ§סСѹԼסĺС졣




37.   37    

, ˮʮȥ
̫ıɹ˷꣬ˮ·Ҳȥ
֮ͣһ£ȻⲿƽŰæʻؼҡ
ʮȥ, ˮλȥȻسǽơ
Ȼʮûس, سҲĿ, һЩ˺Ƽ, ǺҲԾ
ʹĿŵû벻飬Ҳڰ̯ӡ
ʾ֣ȻȥȷԼİȡ˳, ͦһгϡ
ɶʶȱƷˡ
Ȼûȥ֣ŰȻȥ˺еСԺڿš
˶٣ﶼŲʳ
磬֪ù, ϶ĶСɩӳǼ, ϶ǰȫ˦ȥˣּ֮  
, ж٣
ûмͷ, Ͷˡ
У㴦¸ڰ
, ϶ϱСأ¸ܷ
ЩҶˡһǼܺһȣһ廨һʰɾͶˡ
߰ɣʣĹǼˮҸ϶ˣ϶ϱϴɾˡ
϶࿴ŵ㣬ʡֽŲɾġ
õɶ
ȻŴ󲿷ֶʳǴԼɶҲȱͲˡ
кʹŰȻشˣҪЩŹͷⶼԸɾˣԵõġ
ؼˮͰȥϴˣ廨Ǹġ
Ͱᵽǰȥˣǰֵػߣ⼸һֱʰ˺üĻ𿻣Ͱȥˡ
֪ţǮƱɩ
ûգ͵ǸǨõģƫã˵ҲҪˣǮƱͻˡ
Ȼջ±ˮͰĸγǻⶼˮ֮Ž±ˮ
ϱȥǰȥȥ
ҲȥˣڼҿŹҲϽϾ׼Լмܲ
Уﳵȥ
ŰȻѴŶϣҲȥ
ȻڼҲûţҪʱɶܸ飬ŹǺȾϹŹӳԡ
ĻⰲȻÿӴ˴꣬
Ļһ£Ͼ±Ҳ岻ǡ
һͻˣϱ˰
ţ㳢ȻŲӲһ鴵¡
㣬⼸ðǷζ
Ȼһۣڱ仨Ҳζ
ȥҵࡣ
ϣߵߵȥˡ
Żӣɴˮġ
±ζɢζŨģڷΡ
κĶп±ģζʱҲ̫̳Ƭ󳦾һ´һ±֭ˡ
̳ͷ裬һ͹ȥ߻аκ׳󳦡
˼ȥͿ
ǽصļңϾǱ˿¶ˡ
ؼҾͿϵŶѾԺԷԵĻأһ뼦һ²˳ӡ
ǽжŤͷͿһ߹
˶ʱϷ˽ô¡
ȥøѰ±ˮͼǡ
һզ˰ȥѰԣѴ󱦶ٴѾ
ž
ôܳԣɶϵզû뵽ϰôأĶϴô¡
ϣͷӣоͲôú˵аĸһͷӣ˵Сˡ
ɲǽ˭ԼҪȥԵģԼϱһأ첻Ͳóˡ
ȻѾѷ˶̵ˣϽϴϿ
ϱҪȥһԶطƵһʱܻƷӾܽˡ
ʲôʱȥʲôʱȻ֪ƾǳȥ˵ǸˣϾ߶ˣҪȥԶطˡ
⼸гȥҪʮ죬¿϶ܻ
ҪϹȥҴ磬ܸ㰲Ÿʱ
ţ֪ġȻҲ֪͸ǲһͣ
ǻûͺҲûͿ˱ôᡣ
쵼Ҵ˰Ȼϵ
ϵһСγرţװµӣسͬ־ָڲһɡ
ϸ簡Ǿһհ̨⧲سٵĵط
س˵ŻЩԼͬ־ְͬ־һѴĻˡ
ϸ磬˵ḻЩ˻øѧϰ
سˣǰѾͷǰѾͷߵİֵܹˣͺϼУޣڱסǺʳ
س˿ȻͷûﶪˣǰҵĹŮǽü˵Ӵ¶롣
سˣҾ˵һЩʶϯ˵ˣ֪Ҫũ壬ũ壬һ͵ϰճԱڶǵó⡣
Ȼ˵оԼһжŮ
úúã֪˵ĶԣǿĲ̫ˣǵϰճԱ̸裬Բô裡
Ѿͷ˵ںӵôźӽ֮ٴȫؽ
ȻźëһһǸ鷳ԼǮ𣬺αظǷֺõ¡
س˵ﻰССͱ˵ˣԷڣҿʣҾ͸嵱С
س벻ǰĹ飬Ƕ
سЦҲ˴㡣
ӳôسܾ֪ΪɶܿԼˣѶɵ
ﳵܶ࣬ûһ͵ίſѾͣ˺Щг¿
Ҳſڵأ˽ȥ֮ȥ
ôῪʼǰOO@@һ˲û
س̨Ȼϵ˵һš
ա
һ̶֮سս˱ش˴ֵ
м󻹲ȰûסˣʣµľǼ΢ۣ֮ɱҲȫ档
֮Ҽһ˰ȻϵͼӸϵһѴĶӳ
Ǹ˺ǵְȥũ죬оҲһȥ졣
ٱҥ£ηѴ˶͵͵ԼѴˣȴڴץо͵ϷŮص̨ʱڼҶţҪǰδӳǰ֯Ԯ
ôᣬȻ̨ٿǮƱƱƱ˶µģᱻѫˡ
￪ģҲǸһδСĿ϶
ѫ¾װ䷢ĸһȹĽ£ǵز쵼ģϾȻǾسǵİգǸӢۡ
̨ɢŹâˣĶǳɾ͸УãĹӡ
ӳؼ·ȫŶȹѫ£״Ҳ·ˣ´ˡ
һĺʺﶪԼҫ




38.   38    Զ

ϵȻؼ֪֮һȥسǡ  
Ȼ͵֪ҹҪߵϢ
ûϢʱûʲô, Ҫʮ°Ȼеܡ
Լǰһǰһġ
⼸һֱ᲻ߣΪС￴źνԼߣԼһСҪԼһɶˡ
ǿίСЩο, Ǹۡ
§Ȼϱػ֮Ҳ뿪ˡ
Ȼ§ס, ͷŵ˵˵ġ
šŴǧ, Ҳһĳŵ
Ҳλ֮Ҳû뿪Ȼ, ֮ȥԶĵطҲ
˵߾ˣûҹ߰˵Ӿʹϱӵıĳ˴ 
ȻԼԽ΢Ĺ, ֱŻصϡ
ڿϷȥ˯ţȻԴԶˣԼȥռ˯ܰȫ
ӣȻ˯ԼĴϻ˯ţֻܰǹıק̫ˣ˯ˡ
ȻԼҲպ, ֱӾڿռˣȳʱ컹û, Ҳû£ɴڿϽ˯
Ҳ֪զˡ
ŽŴӵĳϱȥ
Ǳ߶ɽ, صܶ, Ҳ·ˡ
黹˳;з˵Եг̡
⸸ؼҵڶյ֪ͨ, Ƶġ
ҾںӿСѧÿѧǮðȻȹţȵУֵʦʮ֣ʦһ
ǰȻûӦؾ͸ѼϼˣȻֻӦ¡
⸸֪֪ʶгϢѧУĽ衣
ʹߴＸСȥѰȻǰԺʰ˳
ľҲǿ죬żͰˡ
⸸ðȻȥȱɶȻȥɶҲûУֻκһ̨һ
Ѿͷ㿴Ҫɶس˵ˣҪɶдӵʱֱȥس
αûпαֻܽʶ֣۱ʣҲʲôˡ
УȥҪ˵⸸гȥسˣȡϿΡ
ȻҲȥسǹ磬ϻֽʱͿľˡ
ľ߰ҪɶҸáԱȻüΣÿζ£ԼҲûдϾÿֻֽ
ŶǸֱʸҿһ¡ȻָǸڵߵĸֱʡ
ðȻ㣬͸˵Ǹһʮһӡ
ȻЦҪǸԱҲСĵ
򿪿һ£ʸжܾϸʸоһԺҲʱ
Ұ һҪһƿīˮһƿīˮڸһ֧ɡ
ãسһֻͲˣ㿴ֻʮǮǶʮģҲ
ȻֻҲӢµһƷƣϸҲӢ۲࣬ûӢ۴Ҳ͸¶š
֧ǦҪƤҪУʼҪ
ʱƤִֺ񣬱ʼҲܺ񣬻ҵһǮǦһǮƤһǮһ飬˭Ҷ
˶Ȼһ˺У˵Ͳˡ
Ĳ֮ǰˣѿûֻӡ
ȻսԺȥίἯϡ
ȻΪʲô£͸Ŵһȥ˴ίᣬŰʡ
Ѿͷ⣡ĸǰ߱ŶѾȻ
ɶ°
Ȼĸ߰ѶѾϡ
˭֪ͷӸɶղԺզûҡ
Щľߣ˳Щˡ
˵ˣ˵°Ȼͬ־Ҳˡ
⸸ϱ߽ϻԻơ
ȻЩ£ѵԼʲôô
ţ˵ǣҲ֪Ȼͬ־һֱÿʮֺ͹Ҳòƽ֪ÿ찲֪ǴߴʮԪ
ǰδӳѶͣʱǻڽкðϲ֪ͣʧһǧԪļƲ  
ǰδӳǻְ֮˽һǧǮ
ӳܵô£˵
Ǯͷˣڶʣǧˣ۴Сÿ˷һëǮ
еֵǮ
Ϊʵٶ໧Ҽ˿ڶ٣ԼҼһֵʮǮҲǽ˲ټͥ
ǮǸƼҵˣ˸飬ֱӾƾɶǮ
ʵ⸸֪ǮѾֻˣҪȽ᰸ֲܰǮͻͷҲƢû˵Ҳզ
ǽ˵Ļ
ȻͣԺͲˣҪǵֵأҲô˵ġ
𰡣ΰǶǱƭˣ
ǰΣɶϵ
ѽҿͲӦ÷Ǯ
ǲУҪмУԺ˵֪Ժˡ
и¾ǣǿѧУָð֪൱ʦһǮǸҸӶ࣬Ҹ˵ˣѧһҳǮŮ޶ȥϿΡ
ľһһǮسģСҲԸݣʱүүǼǳɱӺͱʣʮ־ܻ
ˣǮöɢ˰ɣ 
ȫ嶼ѺȥѧϾǮҪƽʱ϶Ͳˡ
оǮﺢӶȥǲȥǿ
ҲвȥģϾЩ˼ûּƼңӳֹ涨ֻһĺӲǮһȥѧ
ĿαСѧĶУֻףȻֻڹбʦͷֳȥ
ڶһ磬Ȼ͵˽ңһڰ廹ͦ⣬컹ûأ⸸ĺעغӵѧϰ
ûһ᲻Աһĺӹˡ
ȻһôຢӹԼһ˴
һᣬκͻƶˣ⸸Ҳû뵽ôˡ
֪˺ϼƵĶǻĻðû֪ûͿ
˼ҲûһʦкҸϱŮҸɷⲻһϼƾͶˡ
ǿ˻мСĺӣȻһĺߡ
ӳ˵һҪĺӣСľʹȥ
ĺһܶ࣬ӳ챨ȥʱ֪ͨʦ
ʦҲҲЩÿ˽һƸպá
ȻҲɹΪһһİΣһȫǸСƽʱͦĴ󱦴ѾҲŸꡣ
һ࣬һ࣬һ࣬һ꼶ʼѧ
ȻÿԼ༶ͷԵСһǾ;ÿɰΪһӵģûһը˹СǾ浽һѡ
ţϤ֮СɰǾͲɰˣ˴ħ
ȻͷĻ˼ңϾ캢̫ϲ˿Ρ




39.   39    ѧһ

ȻؼһôСѽ, ʦҲǵһε  
ǻǰĿαϣԷһҲǰѧĶϡ
Ȼһڼңĸһ, Ҳһ
磬һ, ҲԲ˰
ѽ, 㲻֪ɩ컹Ҫ, յԺµĲУϵζܲˣ˵, ȥؼϴϴ
ȻȥˣϱպõĻҸϴ  
Ȼһֵܷһ
ڼһǲ㣬ݵռһ߳ϴһʰ
Ǻóԣʰɾóȥһ͵ҡ
ҪԼǳԲˣĸȻ㶼õæ³Է
һȥˣǻһء
ǰûȥĸæǳһ
ǰ趼óԣ졣
ȻһħҲûƾݱûؼˡ
һħ治֪զԣڹһپ˰ɡ
ȻԼһ˸оԷ, һ˳һǳ˵Ρ
ԸȻͳԲ, ֻܷŽռϽųԡ
ûĿĵصҲǳɶɶ㣬治, ·ϻǿи, ֻа·سǲܳԵȺģζǳԲߵġ
оɶûԼϱĺãڳ, Ҳ֪ϱڸɶء
ȻԴӲ֮ÿ˯𣬸оÿ쾫еǺ˳ĵġ
ϴһˮŰȻСѧȥ
Ϊѧһ죬Ȼɺ磬ӳѾڵˣ󻹸֪ࡣ
һǾһǸСžᡣ
ʦλͬ£ͬ־ССͬ־ͬˣѧУԼۣһȥ˰  
ߴӳ˵
ʦʦôϼƵģǶ˵
š
ԡȻϲ鷳ٺò
ôģʦҲ˵Сİ༶ˣʦʹ࣬Ҵࡣ
ȻССͷʾͬ⣬˵ǶλŮͬ־Ͷģһ˽ѧſ
ȻҲã¾ͿϢˡ
Уǰʦһѧһΰ¼ɡ
Ȼͷţſγ̺ʱ
ȻϼƵһ˽ڿθϽͣ˵ܲܳԵγ²ҪĿγһѧꡣ
ҿɣڿΣǰʱſڿΣԼԸ⽻ɶлϰ
Ҿͽ¼ڽǶ͡
ԣҾͽ̿αγźţŲԼСڴĶȻذ༶ˡ
༶ţָĵġ
ȻҲûΪֻʦпαȻֻܰѿαĻԭڰϡ
ʦڸʲôѽ
СһǶƯʦںڰддڸʲô
еСһﱧŰȻĴȣ۰Ͱ͵ĿŰȻ
СһҲľ˹
ҰĿĳдڰϣÿ˶ܿ
ʦϱдĶɶ
Ǹΰġ
֪֪ΰүүڲѧã
ȻһȾ׵СʹһοСӸеӡ
Ȼһڿȴźҽһ£ȻСӶ֪ԼĴֻһűȷϡ
֮ϿΣÿСһﶼܺѧ
Ȼÿڿξųĵĺڰ尤༶ѧ
ССǵõʲôҲѧ
ѧ죬ϢҲٵĺӣѧǳ¿ЩϿεʱǺܹԵġ
Ϣڼҿ˿ȥʮ˻ûʱҪе绰ͺˣϧĵ绰سʾ֡
̾һȥسһˣһ¸ݳԵĶ
˳ҵ˳ŵѹŵͼֽ·ӵƽͼ
Ǳ׼ݴ᷿Ǹﲻһݺ᷿ͨġ
䷿ƣһųţ̨Żǽ𿻣̨ȻЩûá
Ϊǽ𿻻ֱջ۶ǸһģϾԼҪסܾõġ
ɰҤ֮ǰ᷿ϱӵ̨ס֮
Ƹ䣬ʵö࣬ࡣ
ǸԺųĲҲǿⷿ
ǰмƳģϼƸ˵ģѰ˼Ѱ˼ǰݵĶݺͶ᷿ͨʱڶ᷿ñͲüݡ
ʱñžƳɻģͼֽľ֮Ƕ᷿һӣñͷסʱƸߴͨͿˡ
ƸԺӸպãƵ̨׺͵ػߣˮˮؾ;ںԺ̨档
Ȼ˵ģ˵̨ʱˮˮˮҲˮ
ȻֻգΪһӺܿȻͼֽ̨ı̨ͱڳ
Ȼֲ֪ˣȥسǵļƻҲʹˣȥɣȥЩˡ
Ѿͷ𣿡
Ȼϼͺȸţ̣⻹ûݣţӦ⸸
Ȼ⼸ҲˣͰͼֽȥš
ȻɩȻôû
ĹˣһΪŴء
ǰѾͷ֪ɶ
ⲻöҳͻȻͺӣﻰⶼ¶
Ȼպһˮ¶ãЩˮɩĸº衣
ţǼǱ߻˲٣ʲôطʱ̡ܽ
ⲻǺϼôЩ¸˭ɶãôһ뻹ϴѧʱ۴һ𡣡
Ȼ֪⸸ٻģ׹Ϻӣ׷һӵġ
У۾͵ԼǸϳˣسѾˣһͻţǴ󡣡
⸸̾˿֪ܲǰȥﶼˡ
и㿼һ²
Ѿͷ˵
ҴͬʱǿһߺȣоǷ̺ʹ󼯵ʱȥ
ӳǾ⼸Ǻ÷ӣǻҪȥƻһ£ȥһ¡
̴ɣݶӣզûӡ
Уȥ˵⸸ˡ
ĸЦһͷӾ͸ŰȻһȥ˷һµĶ
֪ǮĸŮʰԺӱȽϸɾ
Ϊˮ԰ȻǴż˰жˮһ飬һÿ춼ע
磬ܶòóԣɾһ֮أʳƷǻ˵ġ
ͻȻĵĭصͷʾһΡ
һ⸸ûвŶӹˣȻͽնٶӸٶ֮˱ϡ
˶ǳбҵѧϰ̫Ҳȥһͨ
Ҳ֪ÿ֮ǰûĶӾͲˣڶǮ
֮ӣõι¿õľϴ֮ϡ
ڶ˼飬˾ͻ㶹ˣȻʱӲѾܲˡ




40.   40    ع

Ȼ̵Ļʱ߰˵, ؼҼԸ嵰гسȥ
Ȼһʱװȥ˺еСԺȻء
ܣϢ𣿡
ɩ, զ㣿ҶûϳΪĸ裬û뵽ǰȻ
û绰, ʼĵĵ绰Ǳܻġ
Ȼͷ, Ҳ֪ô¶õ㶫, Ҫ˾͹ˡ
ģȻҲˣÿ, ʵܲˡ
ʹغɺȣӾǸ䣬յҪˡ
ϰȻĵĽռġ
ڣȻȥ·ȥһʾ֣ĳȥһ֮ȡ˰
ʾֵ˶ʶСˣＸ¾͸ɶͥϾʷѾ͵һʲСķá
ȻصҾͰѰˣȿ, ˵ظʹǶڵĸʱϸµ, һ²ʵ
̷ǹùĽ̷ۣɿ, һ̳Ͳ, һɣһһƶһǡ
Ҫûʳ, ȵζˡ
ûڼң԰ӵˮҲֻԼԼһ˽ˣðӲݰ˲С
С԰ӲֵҲЩСײС۲˴ײɶģΪ࣬Ȼ㣬õ㹻֡ 
ˮϴɾˣպڿռóһ⣬ëǶ쳦ԻǰΪԭܳȥԣԶڼԵġ
ȻϲԧϾó˹޵Ұװ¯
ΪռаŵĻϣһͷŰþһúţ͵ϡ
˹¯ӿ죬ûһͿˣĻ˲ˡ
µִϺȥֱʵĲУʲôպQϺڿǻﱬը
̺ţҲһϸŨڼ
̹ţľζŨСĢҲҪӣһкõڼҲҪȸʮӡ
ζ͹ˣԻѹѼצ½ȥǰȻպɵԼһܳ
ëǺͶ쳦̼ͼڸмֱǾˣڼҾͺˣڼҹҲóˡ
һ֮ġ
Ȼһ£ϿξżȥĢڵ㺣ʣһϢڣȻ͵ˡ
һ°ȻҲûˣϾʱǲȫ
Ѿǰҹ϶ڶڹߵķ˯ĿŲŷ
˾ȵδ˵ʲôɵǵİһСӷŽȦ
磬סٻȥͳ  
ˡ˵ϳˣûһͿװ
ʵûضһóȥװһʱΪǲֶӣΪûǮһ˳
ǰǵĶ͵Ŀĵأ֮һԼĶ
̵֮ŹǮʳһ߰ʮΪܵԶֱӸһٿǮʮķЩƱ
ѳͻȥ˼סһޣæƳٻؼҡ
⼸ĢЩ࣬Ǻܺõӣ˸һȲˣоζŨʹûŽռ䣬С¯ˡ
Ѿת䣬ǲϲͨĸоͳޱǣıѾ
ҹͻȻصԣ˷
һΪºСѧʦ̨£ûõ£᲻åɡ
ȻҲǲܣϾǰЩӻʦʦ˵һ֪Сﱻ۸ֻܱȼ޸ӵء
Ȼʱ˯ΪʲôشźӰߵ£Ȼʵڲнռ֮ٻװļʶ
ӿУȻҪռȥͻȻһĨϤ

С֪̽ǸԼСŵˡ
ţϱ£Ϊ˯أҾˡ
Щִ٣Ŀϱͻȥģû뵽Сŵˡ
أô£ˣȻЩ̣緢
ﻹ˵ϱģæݱסСϱԱޣҲôõġ
ôôãȻڻִ
Բ𱦱ȥʱ·ˣֻܶʮ·
ѰȻϣһ߸Сᡣ
ôģȻͨˣͻȻùֵֹģϽסӡ
һȻССûĶģ
ࡪ
Ȼ߿ȥεӡ
мˮȥϴϴҸŪ㶫ԡ
ȻŰŹȥԼµء
ಽĸС߶
Ҹȥϴϴó
һίҪ˵ͿС˿ⷿ̾˿Сˡ
ֻһ߿СһҨˮϴ裬źü쿪ڼιһʱԼЩܲˡ
ȻȥϴŽˡ
ÿ鲼ѹǴ򿪣ߵĻţЩЩŽȥһŽ¯
ףӶлǶˣֱ˲𷹣ðϽͣ
ûջ׷Ļ¯ù󿪡
ϴأˣζϸϸϴϴ
Ҳ֪һֻԣûóһɱõ㣬Ƭ֮ڹ̾ˡ
ûֻܹȥţԷˣҲˣ
Լȥˡ
ϱûиɾ·
Ȼȥݹã⻹ǵҪģպø
ӦûȻݽȥֽӹûһͿȻͷһذѷ˽ݡ
ԣů͡ȻµذѴϣҹﺮʪˡ
ϱңϱҲԵ㡣
ҲҲԵ
ҳԡѰȻһ§ŰȻһ߳Է
ȻĴǷСԴһһģûһ°;͸첲˯ˡ
ϱ˯ˣԷٶȸӵĿˡ
ȻµûΪ⼸һֱڳϿиɵģû뵽ҹܺȵϱļ
ʱϹӣϱٰǻһھޱᣬʱȥǸȥԼ
һһ׷Եδ뵽ûмСʱҪ緹ˣСﱧѣʰ֮§ϱ˯
ûһ˯þÿ඼ţһи˶˯ȥ 
ȻһоʲôѹԼʱһ漴ˡ
˯΢΢ȻŵŲûѺһ
ų࣬ɰɶҲûʣʰĸɾӦûԱ
⼸춼ûȥسǣҲûʲôˣ࣬뻹ӡڱû⵫о²˺ͼ
²˺ԼץʣԼһҪϿΣְЩǱ
꿴ûѾͰѱŽԼŽ̰ȥѧУ




41.   41    Ť

һһ˶ûС
ʱ, ѵϱҪԼˣ
·ֱӻؼˡ
Լң裬Ȼôڼң
㻹˵һ², ʲôȥˣ
ⲻȥװһ˳ôǮǷӰ, أ
ſǽҲ
ĸһûô, Щⶼû̾Ͽȥ, ʮһͻˡ
ϿΣϼѵȥسˣ
ⲻǴ˸СѧôǰԺĸָϷӾǡ
ҹȥ˵ûˡ
ɶȥЩ죡
ܳȥˡ
, ɶʱģ
Сܼǰ
˵˵·ɶˣզ˸Сѧأ
㲻֪ߵڶسˣҴүˣָôСѧ֪൱ʦ
ǴĺӶ࣬ĴϢҲˣԾͶ֪൱ʦ
Ȼ۴˲õǸɶǮţ
ֺ졣һ˵
ԣǸ, Ȼһȥ壬ٺʵҲа, ȻͰѶˣ͹ȥˡ
ھ¿ȥ
ͷʾ֪, һȦѧУſ, ߵ
СɩӹϿء
ţȥ
ĵط˽ȥصһ˲ͶϺüʮ˫۾
˰ҵ𣡡
ûվȴ󱦾
ʦˣ
һ˲ѧУը, Ͼ˶Զһ㣬˵ģ
ȻʦоʦվһأϽͿϹӵһίĿŰȻ
Ȼģ
ʦʦ˰Ȼűʮ¿Σˡ
ʦʱ˾͵ʦҪúǻذɡ
У¿ΰɣһ˻
ãһһѷɢˡ
ôˣ
ϱǲˡίĲˡ
ûаôˣЩġ
ȻߣһͷίǸ󹷹ر
ҡյȻǰ
Ȼ˸OO@@һͷͿһСӶ·ڿ֡
ȻæؼңͷһСܲŵСܲһɢ
ؼͱס˰ȻСЩһֱԼڿǰˡ
ڻȻһҲȶˣԼ綼òʵ
ϲˣյ̫ˣؼ𣿡
ˣϱ㿴һ·ز
ҲûղǸؼվһվҲǻؼҵĻ
ӣ򿪰ŵ·֮Ѷһһóϱ̷ڶǸģ㲻ϲ𣬹ûˡ
ҹͷ·ģҲûԹͷûô㶼Բ˭Թͷ
㿴һ۾ˣȥϣ 
ױƵóһ۴黨Ŀʽͦÿġ
ллϹϹãȻСȹӾܵȥˣһԭط㶡
ȻﻻȹӾͷȹã漴Qžȥݡ
磬˵ʹϿô
һͷĶˣû뵽ȹӾȻˡ
Ȼ˵ʲôһסȻס˵С죬ҧгݵУ
һͷڰȻѡ
ڻѣ㶼Ūˡ
ԣ
ȻЦˡ
֪Լˣˡ
ȥҶˡȻŵסҪ˹ˡ
ϣʲôԺҸ  
ҪԺõģ
ϣҵң֤ðʦϿ֮ǰԵ
ϢĻؼңһԼȥˣһȻкüֻ켦
ĸһľҪܡ
ۼֿһֻĸˣŵһȥسץһֻ  
ץĸֱӾܵӱɱˣȥԼżӸ̫̫żȻ˿һֻĽĿĸ
ɩӣңⲻ겻ڵľ׼
ǰֲúôãɰ͵ġ
ǰ㿴úҺ¡
СĺһºҲҪҪ⣡Լ⣡ȥ
治ҪƤҼŲأ
󱦰ʹŵܵ׷ˡ
ѽ㲻֪Ǽġ
ĸ˵ֺǺǵľˣɲҹǵϿ޺ĺӡ
ؼιͷĸһֻһϼﻹףĸһǣƲƲСĢ
ȻҲ¶ֻҪֻᶼûˡ
ò˵ֲĸûˣҪѳԣ׷»ˡ
ȻͷϽ˵Ŀˮݹȥ
ѳԡ
ȥڱˡʣıһ£ȼ֮
ϱаֻһĥһ£ڸ
һ廹֮ٶϹء
һ顣ھʱʱ̿ڰȻ 
ҪܸһˣϧˣϽؼһˣǰֻùȥȻôˡ
ϱȻô~ʮӲϿ~
УҹȥˡȻľܾŹˡ
ҧҪŶ
Ȼ̵ȥϿˣСܲǶ֪ʦãҵЦġ
ؼһûžͱһ
֣Ҹ˲Ӹ⣬ˡ
Сӣ֪ĸϵĻҰİù
˲Ӹ⻹ɶˣ
ƿͷûˣȻѾѾСȹӣǸҰƤЬǸ󱦶ССģһһС顣
ĸûˣ˵ûõĸܣ·
Ʊ˵ƱһøҹŮء
ĸ۸治֪ǺӸ
أסطûأ
ˣǸϷӰûһȥ͹
Щʵ˵ٶ飬˵سӵԺˡ
СӼ˶ˣ͵ˣһȥس⣬ʱԸ
ȥҲ¿Ρ
ȥȥɡ 
سȥСУһֱţʱȳ֮СţȻкȲţˡ
磬صо񰡣
ܲ𣬶ǸҰģɽ֮ǰǸˡ
ûǸسǴ˷ˡ
һֱûҲû˻֪ҲԼȥġ
϶զ
Ҹо˺ܶ࣬ԭ򡣡
ţǾͲˣҲޣʱڸɣҿϱкö౻׵ģϱ¡ 




42.   42    

֧˿űƲס̫, ˼¶ϾԼϱǸ뿪
, ʵǮôҶ֪զһҪС, ǣ
϶Դ, 뵽һỹҪȥҽԺüƷͺ
ʵһֱҲû, ˿϶òңʱͲˡ
ȥҲһµ۶İңûκεľᱳǴֶ͸¶Ų򵥡
һǵﲻ, ӻûɳǸ˼ҵĺӡ
ûҲǿԼ˳װĳ֪Լ󵨵ĵܵܲ˵ġ
Լ˵ʦô忡ǶǾħһ
ʱͿһ£үǾԼģԼ˵ıҲи׼
͵Լеˣ˭ûء
⻰ҪŻһѪ, һһͷһʰʰװˡ
һȥˣι㶹, Ͳ㿷֮󷢽һ, Ƿ, ˼е˵ιĺùܳ
զĲþŸ¡
£һȥ, ҼҾУҪ·ˡ
硣
Ȼ¿λؼҾͷڣӶʰĸɾȥسˡ
˸ɣܴˣҲȫȥԺСײˣСײҲǿԵġ
ĶҲˣóһ᳴⡣
׷˵Ĳ࣬еı͸棬һ֭ܵͿˡ
Ȼǻƻ˶ˣȳᶹǴͻˡ
ϱûŹǣϣ  
Ҷ극Ŷ
ԣϱ㿴궼ˡ§ŰȻȥ
ɣ缹ǺŹǡ
ϱٺٶˣøͷģ
ϴɾŹջСȻҨˮͰϴɾļǸŹӽȥ
ҪȥȥѪĭŹֱӾ̳СΣˮϴɾҲ˸ɾСûжļַŽ˹
ľ˽ͷţҲҿ̨࣬Ȼ治ء
˸ǴСţȻӶڲˣüһֱӿϯˣȥѾһ԰ɡ
ϱ㿴컹磬ƶûԷأ˵µСײˣͷӵĢᶹӵզҪ뿪ʡˡ
һһףһϱʡ£һϼŪֱŪã
ˣȥؼ˵ȥǴСͷԼԡ
ȥɣȻﵫҲģŹ鼹ǳϾ˶ĿܳԲ
ͷڼӵˮھĢ࣬ϴɾ͸Сһӽͷ
ᶹֳһ̣ģһˡ
׷Ķ൫ʵҲ͹Եģڿռ俾﷢˰ڽͷ˱ӡ
ڹͷһͷΪַ͵ĲС
ȥһСײϴɾٷŽȥ
ؼңأҵأ
ȥˣ첻ô
˭ˣ
˭㼸״ү£ӷұˡ
ǣҹȥһǳԷ
ɶǲҺãɱµ͸ֻ㻹ţ
ǣ극ˣʰһѾСϳԣһĺȾƳģզԷ
ˣһ̣ҹȥ
ĸѻѹϣѼͽ߹ϷŽϹϰȻԺ
ȻղŻһֱΪǼζһζҪƮ嶼ˡ
զͳԿˣ
ˣҶˣⲻҲ˶ˣҪԽͷҺϼ˾ͳ£ֲɶ¡
ȻΧȹˣ˹ˮĸ档
ģԻܵӣ
ɲզģɵǵķ˲٣˵ԲŶѾ˵ôֱӳԿˡ
ԩңծģ˵⣬ôĹͷԼԲ𣡡
˭ԩңαֽ
Ѿͷɶô㣿۸õģڼҾһݲųԻغõģ
˵˭˵ӣĹͷСԷˣ
СǲǲԣԶҳ԰
˵ҿˣѾͷҿʵڲҸõģ㰴ţ
ûݾôһûͷûβĻ
ɶɿϱ˼ҰͲöҸõģ㻹ƣ
٣Լɶû
ȻŬԼЦоˡ
һûĻƽϡ
ү𣿡
ûУ˵һȥʱǸ鿻ſأȥˡ
УܳԶ٣ϴأ  
˰ɣҿԺ˼Σҹ˲ˡ
һȥˣѾ˯أˡ 
ϵƵĽݾͿųҭĶѾ
ѾүүһһҪүү۾۰Ͱ͵Ŀүүϵ̾˿˹
ʱСѾЦСϵһСֽ͸ˣһǧٱˣĺһ
һ֪ӣ̾һʵǺһСˣԼעСӺȥˡ
˵׻Ǻ˶СӵĽ뵽ԼȡϱǰǮŸȢϱ˼ˡ
һһӵ£ǣ֮а뱲ӣԼҪǺá
վԼӣϵöһӶڹѹֵĻһӡ
ò˵ϴϱദĺ벻˵ĸͰݣʹżСҲˡ
϶ϱҲûѹ罺ᣬʹǳ϶Ҳܼʱ⡣
Ψдĥô궼ûҵʵĶȣ䴦ԼŮ
ⱲӶưѾͷ˼ۡ
ȥ׼ҼһԲϾ׸˼ˣ۲롣
үү𱧽㣬㱧ңѾͷƬӣүү
ССһһİϵȡ
⻰ԴһͻȻͱˡ
Ͱ˿Ӵ
ۣ򱦱޵˺ѷΣͻȻ֪˵ѾѾͷƬǲõġ
˭ѾͷƬӵģ
ۣ˵㲻ǽˣؽ㲻Ҫˣƭӣ
оһԭԭͻȻʶһ˺ܾõ⣬ǲʵԼϱӾõأ
ѺڸԺӻʲôڶңŮūۣӺóƷ°ܻ
ʱԼ˭ȥأԼѡ
ɶأ꣬أ
СһﺿĲңΪǿû뵽ڴӡ
Ժѧ֪ĻǲõĻ
ã֪~~~Ҫ~ˡ
ûвҪ㣬ݲ㣬Ժһ̼Һòã
ã~Ҫ磡
 á
СƨɣʲôͲö֪ˡ




43.   43    

զǿˡҴ󲮽˵
, ү۸ţ̫ˡ
һ轴ͷĸᶹǡ
˶ȻȻ, Ҫһ°ˣȻֻܰѱӸͷ˹ȥ
ֻȥ˰Сײ˼Ƕ˹, һӲҲû˭ҿðôʢˡ
۰Ѿóһ¡
, æѰȻ˹, ʡûΡ
ȻͱڵĴϡ
ϱȻָӣǺϾͿԳˡ
Ȼͷϵ, ǲϤ
ѹտѾˮ̸һǳˮء 
߰ɡ
ȻһƸˡ
Ѿͷⷹ㣡
ţ̫ˣ
Ҳ˲ôˣϾҲһôõġ
۰һôס󲮺ȵЩˣæȻơ
岮ȳԣҿѾˣҸȥˡ
, ȥɣǻúһ󡣡
, á
ȻЩ㶵ĶѾͻԺӣССԴؿ, Լÿͷûأ
ǻҪó, ȥȥ
ã
Ѿ§ŰȻĲ͵͵Ŀܵܡ
ɵǵŶѾЦ
ȻݾͰѵƴ򿪣СһﰲڿСһ𶯡
ﻹз꽴֭֮Ӱѻһ֮ʢС, ʢ뻹ûȥķʵЩˡ
ͷȹ֮ӵСײ˺ͶζͿˡ
ɩ֪뿪ôĽء
Сһ￴һܹɸ˻ˣߴߴиͣ
꣬ԣԷ˵Ǻܵġ
Сһͷ絷⣬Ȼѷ׸ǣϾСһɳˣԷˡ
СһûԹķͱŷԷȻֻܵСѾ߸Сܲвˡ
ѾԵǴŹ۾ľ͵ɵϴ󣬾ϲĿŰȻȻ˼ָйȥ
Ѿúóԣرɰ׸ܵʢһ㣡
СԵСè۾еĿ㣬˵Ķԣû
зз
ûз⣡ܵôɵģз㣬зóԣ
СûͷûԣͷԷ
ȻʱʱҪСԴ̳ȻСһ
ԹһӷֶѾߵˣԺأʰɾ֮ѴʲôĶϡ
Сһ֮㱧˱Сһǵı Ȼıˡ  
Ȼϴ軹Ÿڼʹ˴кȾ˵Цֻڿռ÷ڲš
ҪԹǲܵˡ
ȻµûҹȻԺ͸о˱סԼƤ΢΢ƿȻ
Сˣ㸽ȥ
յӵľ͸꽻Ȼܺˡ
Ѿˣʡܡ
˱һСĴ꣬ԣûȶࡣ
ɤƵ˳٣аѰȻȥ
УˣҰ˺þãҵ׷𣿡ȻԺñ
õ˲׹˹˶ȥ껹Ұզ죺ϱúȻ𣿡
ûˣ˯ɣҺٸ󡣡ȻƤ ˯лܴԼԼ
˾ƵǸ֣һһǸĺӣѧСܲͷӹֹ˯
ȻˣѾ˯ˣֻǺСƵ
ȻһѣʱѣһѾǾŵ࣬ʱ봷
°
ҪһͻȻĩСϹԹ˯ӣһˡ
˿Ȼֵˣ˳־Ͱ˹
ԣſһᡣ
ھްȥ
Ȼ۾׼ſһ漴ס۾ص˵磬ǲɶ
ɶ챻ƣʹ˽Դ˽Ƶġ
ۼӰȻܲܳţ
Բݣһֲ
Сһȥ㴩·ܡ
СһԺ̧ͷɶҲûԴҽ
һŶˣæԺȥһש߶жˡ
ˣ
۵Ҳа
զƾͲ

һߣǲԼˡ
簳ǵػˣûͼģҴ˵׼û
˵Сǵ˾ԼүԼϹá
ػǲǴ󰡣һ͸оⷿӱԼҪĴЩ
û£ãԺӶ඼еطס
ǣש߹𣿡
˼Ҷ˵ȫ
Сͷ涼೤ĵػмиӾͺˡ
Ϊ˵ԼͼֽϵķԢⲻǸ֣Լ˵İѷ¹滮ˡ
ֱ䷿ͨݳĴҲ֪ϱҪʲôƵҲ󣬵ʱԷͶݡ
ǳɹⲻãʱ򶩹һ
֮䶼иȣһͨһͨǰԺ
ǰЩ̨ڴһ£طӵĵػֱȴӳȻǸԺӸЩ
һũУֵв١
֪˸ºõϱⷿҲû˾֣ˡ
оһϸϸоǰæ
ǰĺɰء
ظ磿ɶʱģ
ããֶֿȻԼϱ߻ˡ
ǰ죬СⷿϻǮ
˶ٶ࣬ǻŴߵĶҺϼòأƵһ٣Ƶ߰˰١
ɻʱϵ¡
˵ңֱӸϵƵð
㣬¿ѩ֮ǰ϶¡
ظ磬õĻ֮ǰܰȥ
ϵǮҸ㡣
ã㵽ʱֱӰǮͻģⲻһزֱӷҴǡ
ɰһǧ࣬꿪Ҫȥ﹫ֱˡ
ܸǸӣʱͲסտĸ
ðĭӵʱ򣬱㿴ȻźˮСŮ˼䡣
ˮ߻ո´ɸӵСܲ
զˣȰ
ϲûԷⷹˣԵ㣬һ÷Ǻȡ
ϱá
ǳɶвҽôʮ
ϱУ۰
ȻϽ죬ʲô˵ۣͣ
ͻȻоȵʪȣȻŵĶˣ
㣡
ңЩϹĹֶˡ
һȥˣ
С§סɶǲ
ʮ·ȥ˼ҵĻˣզҲðСд˲а
ȻģԽԽߣεС޻ȥ
үǺȵˮģٻȥࡣ
ˮզɫ
ܺ𣿡
ɱϺúȶˣǲŸɴֱӺȡ
ɰؿû˵Ҳ˰뱭ֵ˵ȷǺúȣǾӦǷ۵ζ
ɰȣҲ
ѽǸɻãˮ





44.   44    

ȻߵԺſھͿ󱦶ѾСһԼſСͰһֹЩʲô
ȻСһ, Ŀȥ˵ʲô
ܵǲǸȥˣܸӲ
󱦣Ҳӣ
Ѿǰô죿
ҲҪСˣǾͲҪˡ
Ѿ  ϲˡ
ǰҲϲá
ѾίޣҲӡ
Ǹһ°ɡ
󱦣ɶҲûܴӦ𣿡
ɵѽȥݡ
߰ɣ
ȻһߣЦ, ⼸Сһôô룿
磡ڸ
㶼˰󱦲˼ðȻһ
ôôأΪɶ˵ְ費ϲأ
Ϊ, Ϊڶ, ְҲŶ˵ĵܵá
ΪС, ûˣְҲֻ裬Ϊġ
Ҳʰְֵ, Բԣְ˵Ҫ͸Ӻòã
ѾְҲûвϲ㣬ְֺֻܰѣүүҲǱ㡣
ְҲܰ㣬үү̸͵ܵܶǶѾԶѾҪĳŶ
Ƕǣ˶ϲ㣬ҪԼ֪𣿡
ĸҪӵģû뵽Ȼ˵Ļûȥ, ֲ֮˲ᡣ
µľǶѾԺԹҲ⺢и, ûû˻⺢ӡ
˿ʵ죬Լʲô, СԼҺӡ
ǻҪȥϺ𣿡ȻʱĺԵȷ, ȴµۡ
ȥ
Ǵŵܵ𣿡 
Ǿõܵܵģ
ȥɣעⰲȫŶһԷŶ, ҲȥԺԣֵģ
ȻָСһָɻĵط
У˵ȫᱻ򵽣
˵ĳ°Ȼܵò͵͵ܹȥ
ãȥϺɣСڵĶ⻻緹Ŷȥɣ
ŶŶСһæܵҫˣ
߻дӣץзȥιģιзļӲ
Сܲͷ˵ȥԣϾҲˣüȥͿô
Ȼû뵽Լʧˣ극Ϳ󱦴һСܲͷмԼĺӺͼͰĴӡ
ʮӣȻһоأԴðͷ
ʦ˵ò˻𣿡
Ŷԣǵðʦæ𣿡
ԣʦ˵ѣ
ɶѽȻ߸ĺӡ
ʦ壬ү
кСɫļ˧ǱȫŮˡ
ϵ˹ĿõƦǸɵġ
үϸе˫̥ɣȻǵྺᵽˡ
ţкһЦ
ɵӣʦɶʦҽ
ʦҽ
ʵ̫ˡ
ͰŶȥȻٳˣǻؼȥ룬ûôġ
ЩĶӣÿУ㶼ϴɾ۲˺һ𳴣ԽһˮͰ
߰ɣǸһȥ߶
ɻأͿԼС߸һĺӣԼš
Էˣˣ
ˣ
ȻͿڸɻĸ磬磡ģԷ
ɩӣ˰
ȻЩ˳Է˵Сһǣʢˣ
СһǵѰȻΧס
ɻļ˾ͿԼСһĴ򷹣һԵСƵģϴϴ϶Եô൱ɲȥˡ
Ǽ˰
ȻЩû㶮զˣ
֮һͲ֪󱦶飬Ͱ¸⼸ˣԷĶǰæҵġ
Ȼѵæ⼸ӸϺǺˣǹԷǼץġ
Ͱһȷ˻кܶ࣬ҲһüһǷŶͰ
ʵȻ±˿Ͷ࣬Ѿ֮ͲĲˡ
ϱûԷذɣȥ
ӹ۵ӷĴֶûģҵϱ͹ˣ
ѹûյźţֻⶹͺóԣôҲ̫ˬˣզôóأ
ˣԷɣĸûİƵһȥ
ˣȻͳһУһʣķһǿյġ
ѷóĸǴһвˣһ붹һ㡣
ĸһ߷ֲһֶۣ̲סٷ飬ϻӲš
ģԵ㣬ҷҿ۵ģһݵġ
Ե
һв˸ĸͷԼ鶼ûôԹ
ӣͷ
ĸӶҪûˣƺûԱɩ
ˣ
ȥǣСˣĸӹȥ
ʮĺӻǱȽϲǰʦǺóԣûס͹ȥˡ
ɶˣ
ĸղ˵ö˶Ҳˡ
ٺ٣壬˵㿪Сأ
ߣһ룡ʲô治⺢ɵ컹ͦ
Ӷֵ㣡Ȼ֪Լʢ˶ٷģһѹˣٲԸûˣǷɢʢУûôҲų˸ǡ
ӷ֮ѷһУӰҲһС
ôȼѾ˷ȺҪͷ̽ȥ
ӸСҲͼСһ˷˵㷹˾˾ͱӣԵҲû㰡զء
Լզͻѩء
ʵҲͳԹѩĭô黹ôĶͷһسԣоҳԵˡ
żҲûǮզôأǰ˵ǰѼңڸԼɩһȾǿˡ
ʵɶѧɶĸǰ沱˭ҹúþ˭ܵĶ࣬ڸȻһǮ⻨˾ͻˣɶ
ҲˣԼϰæһӣһֶʣˡ
˵Щӣֵ˭ĽӲŽӰ
˵Щү˭ĽӣҲŮ˵ǹӵˣԽԽܼء
˭ᣬһӶڼˣǮﺢȢϱզ죬զ졣
˭ﶼеǮƷϲ󲿷ֶǱ˼ˡ
Եڶ˸ɴ಻ȥ۲Ĳ
˾пǲǾ͵һôá
Ȼһ¿ʶ˴ˣһǹϵôˡ
ȻҲʶˣӾͽץзĻһϢ͸Ȼץз
ȻԲôз±з±Сʡ
ضʵЩ࣬Ȼˢзˢһ硣
һзһ±зܷ֮ܳ




45.   45    Ƥ

Ȼһ϶嵭Ϊ, 嵭ܺܺõĲ
ԭƻŹСײʱΪŹǶǴӣϲоþûˡ
ϸɳĻ, ڻûҲûϹ
쳹׺, ȻǰѰˡ
ζƵ, Ӹճͽˡ
ӹǻؼϴ軻·Ź, ͦأֲʱŹ
ϱŹǰӣЩӾͲһڣˣˣ
㲻, ҶϼƲˡ
ϿҰѶʢ
ҰѰӶȥˣȲľһļھͳˡ
㣬ҪйͷھҪˣеǣ
óԣϱҸ˵ܳʱ˵ҶİӱȹӪóԶˣǷǵòš
ȵɲǲ, ҲܳԵѾ˳ǰ, һѾͼ
ȻԺҲܳζϾɷǲ˲
, ð˸, ȥȻ̫óҹʣ¡
Ȼ֪óļˣû˵Ͳˡ
Сװ˾Ÿ, Ǳ߱߳һ
ϱҸõİӣһȥ˰ѰӵͷֱǽȥˣνǰѲѰ·ӵ쾡¡
ۣŹǰѾץ
СһһүүԼץһӡ
ԣ̲ԡ
ϰ鰡ּˣТ۵ͺúóԣۻûԹأŹǰɣô
ѽ㣬úģˣѾͷ
ϰ쳢ŹǣҲѾͷѧѧֲҪƱ  
˵ͷó԰ĸͳʣµĶѾϵˣԵδͷˡ
ڶһĸг׳һˣűĻ򵽹ͷ
ǰżظǽ͹ˣĸҪˮһŹǡ
˴컹ûܵ߰ˮʰɾɵʱĸ͵˼ҡ
ȻԺð̣ĸȥˡ
Ȼĸæý
ˮҶϴɾˣˣ׳ûǮŹ尮Ǹӡ
ҽ㣬ҰŹǰ
ȻˮŵˮѪˮȥ𴲡
ˣˣ㣡
Ȼҡѣ˭˭ˣ
զϱ
ˣϽŹǶˣ
裡æ·ſԼòȵʵһ㶡
裬һɶˣ
ŰѧѧŹǰӣⲻҾҪͷܡ
ŶŶеɵİŹóȥֿ˸Ӿ߶С顣
ŹǼӵ˸óԣҶӶǣȥ
ҶˣнǸСĸܳԳĶˣǵû
ǾͶĭڹУнö飬ôɶľƣֱװ׾ƣϾɶɶС
һʣͶ㣬㣬ĵð֮ӽ͵ĺͣһ죬ҪżԾСʱۡ
ϳԣûȥϸѾͷӳԡ
߰һڣҲǼҪҴڸС
ӣ
ãʵ˰ɣȻûİһۡ
ûʣ̫ûʣզأ
ϱϳɶ
ѱۺã֪ɶˣ
ϱҳɣ
ҪΪǣȻæģү۽ԺڱС͸
ߣķϸүһ¾ͷŹ㡣
̹Сһ¡
Ȼװһ޿ӣˣҲɾˣ
Ժ͸ү棬˶ôɡ
ӣҪСĺð
ģү㣡ƵİСһ¡
Ǻðɡүǲǵʰˣ
ģү㣡ſСλعʵϱǸŮأ
 أ˼Ҹүֲֶͣˣ
ÿ϶Ҫĺǻֽźñʱˣ׵ķ۵ˮ
ϱҾΨһΪҪ䲻ˡ
ȻȻеˣʣµĤΪѸðɣĺһΪҪ㡣
һߣѰȻ§ȥһһѹȸеΪѣţڣ
ȻˣֱסԴȰ˺üڣˣڣÿˣҶ۽ġ
  СȰȵľͻˣ˵СѾͷĴ
רź㣡
һϣֱϵŸһߣﻹˮһǰ׿ˮһǰɽˮ
ȻҪȥһسǵģֻܰ±±ϣ糴֮ﳵȥسǡ
Ķ࣬ҪȥһװѺɰصҪ嵥ȥ
ϧװȴûȥ
ͬ־ⲿ
ⲿʲôˣ
ֶŮ
˼ǲûʲôҪת𣿡
Ÿɣ˵ܸġ
õģһڲĵһʱġ
л
Ȼװҹ˺УһȦһ𼦵ģƷʲôãԼġ
ߵСԺſڵʱͿĴ硣
ӣ㲻⻹Ϻ ûˡ
ȻһȻаϺզ
ϺȽϹһëǮһ
ЩϺҶҪŰɣڸһ㡣
ϣϺʮһʮʮĽһС
ȻһѶŽԼ󳵺ߣֽСԺ
⣬һҡϡ
ɩ˰粻ǰŹ
ţӳԵĶ࣬ҪŹǸһǣͷҪҲˡϡ
УȻҲɩ˶ʮˮҪ
Ҳ𣿡
ҳ⣬þˡ
Уҷг߶ɡ
ϣ
Ȼռʲôȱ±ץȫһˣʱʱ￴ߵʱҲ
Ϳ£ʹնָС̯СҲĻԾ
سǻش·ԶǴŰﶫʵǺۡ
Ȼʹһ˳ҲĵԭӶܵͣѹزסˣԲ˴Ӿӣܿȥ
ȻһͿԼҴſĴżСſ߳
󱦱ͱ˹ȻϽ³ײ
߶ȣǲɹȥĵȰ
ȥˣ˵ȥسˡ
ζ̫ˣǾ͵ţԴ˼Цˡ
߰ɣݣõˮӦòˡ
Ȼѳķţ˴űżӽȥ
ˮѹ֮Ϻȥ
õģ




46.   46    з

Ȼ±ζƮ˳, ˣȻгһ󳦸ͷó缸룬Щڷ֭֭²˻
ǣ±ˣ
ȻС˽ȥ, ֮ġ
ŵܵóԣȥҪʳ, ȥγһ° 
һ, ֿϴɾ֮⽷һһ¡
֭֮һ¾ͺ, ʢ˰ͰԳһ̸ӳԡ
ѹ±ζ飬Ϻţ , Ѳ˶˽ȥԣ
ţ
𣿻һ벻ܶġ
ţ
ȥ
üһˣǲ˼˵ɡ
һ±һͰûװ£ʣ°ȻʢһĸҲˡ
ĸһͷˣȻϿе㲻˼
ԣһȥ

Ѿͷ±ζϻزһǶóԣ
㰡Ȼþû±, ûըգѾˡ
ͷ֭, СãͶ, ζ
ζ, ŽʵİҲóԵĲС
ָμۻ΢Źͣ
ȳˣȻŴżӰѷ˶˹ȥ
ﶼýе, ǿôĲ˾֪ס
ϱɶȥǵҡ
±ָμ⣬÷иװμ
ȻóУʢײ˹ȥ
ŸմĵػŹȻ˶󰡣ûлܸɵô죬Ȼʲôʱʲôǻۡ
ӣӣզأ𲻺˼ӳӸΪӻؼұ˵ء
ٺ٣үүǳ˲ŹġٺһЦȻһȻһζĿԼ

ŶȻ
û˵㣬Сӹ
Ȼ̵ȥԭû˵Լ
~Է~
ȻȵİѶ˵ǰ
Сûĵģһȥʰ㣡
Ȼ޿֣Ҳҡ
Ͻԣһ˲óˣҪȳԡ
̫ϲȻһ±ζˣȫûнܲܣԵı㣬̾Լϱ
һУȥʢһأȥʢͷֻʣףתȦһԵĶ㣬ྶˡ
ϱûԹ~
Ȼͷϸӣȥسڸ
ϱ~Ҫ~
Ŷ~Ȼͷ
պԣ
Ŷ
簲ȻڼҾͰѴϺʰˣʮĴϺĳԲˣϴɾȥɳθһɹ
ˣҪľͻǵõȡ
ϺֱӴɹУʱɶġ
Ϻ̳ǿϺ֭ġ
Ϻ±Ҳرóԣзƽܳˡ
ϻŹڣ˵һӡ
ⷿѽз̯Ӷǳ˸ȳ˳ȻζˣʵüëҪˣŴճóԵĲˡ
гз±зõƿŽڿռóһƿę́ɱܹһС񫡣
첻ˣȻϰӾϣ˾ͼг
ŨζŨ±зһ¾һڵ⣬΢з֮һζ೤θ
ζŨζЩζڿǻתԽԽǹ񫡣
ŹǴýŨ񣬰ƤŴ֭ȴֲʧ;
  ͻȻоȴ˵ɶأ
  ŶˣϺ
ڴ¿˰ˣû뵽ԼϱǸСƹ
ſŶЦˣΪС뵽Լˣû뵽Ϻ
ȻϺݾͿˣһӱûˡ
ԷأŸɶأ
Ϊء
ǺǣܰҾǶˡ
ɶʱę́
ٺ٣үصģҲȣѰ˼ȸùˣҾ͵͵ڳùˣʡۣ
һСѾͷʣǶܳ裬صę́ƣŵʮ˰ɡ
ѽԽз
ղžͿˣݵģ治֪зģСԵôҲ볢ζ
һӾһʰˣʮзûԣȻʮֻзԡ
ϱжˣ
ƻʮɣϸͰв٣ٸϡ
ţóԣץϺҲȸóԣ
ţسġ
Ϻץụ̂ǰӾһզԶóԡ
ţЩɹ˵ܳԣƺúȰɣ
Сƹˣ˻ȥԼҲˣС˺˺ģ۾һˮԼžƾ
ԺС§ڻһιԵģԼҲץԱ
̫ϲСˣϲ
ԼǲǸöЩأϽѷӸ꣬ٶǲЩأ
Ǯ˹ƲУզأ
СڻﹰģСˣͽˡ
ȻڶԺѾȥˣİӣǳ˽зİӺͼ
ͱͷʰһµģ򿪴ӷֶ֮ˢɾˣʰġ  
ҲС飬ˮˡ
ȻŹǸͷϣϡ
͹֮󿴿ʱͻ·ŰȥСѧˡ
ѧУȻͻȻʦʦߵĺܸܽо˷Χֵֹġ
ֱμ䰲ȻȥСͿѰȻ§ڻǼޱͣŵðȻϽ·ȥ
ȻʦɱǸ÷öˣǲ֪ǸҪôΪʦء
ʦҲûʸʦɷˣ͸ûʸվǸλˡ
Ȼ˦˸鷳˿ξ̵Ļؼˣڹһ磬õһоҪúˡ
ϴɾƤ֮ӸɰײһŽСʱ
ûһӹȻͰҪ͹ȥû뵽ų̂ͻˣ
ϱӹˮͰð̾Ű»ػǵ㡣
ϱû͵һᣬһࡣߣһȥԷüз£
šȻݼЩзƿŷһȥ
﹤⼸ûһԹԣˣԵĺû˵ܱƽʱﺢӹҲû˵
ɻЩ˲ûݣһӷĽʵˡ
Ȼķû˵һɻҲû˵ɰɻ˼ˡ
ûɶٻĺûѵĶ࣬ԵıȶϳԵĶ㡣
ۣԵɶҷһϵŷйȥĺϼưѾͷôСߣ
зܵ𣿡
СǣһܳһԲзϽһ
θһ룬ϵһ£ѽ˵СӿۣôóԹֲòӡ
ۣɶأһ
үҲչָһ룬ɴһһ룬Լʣһˡ
ѾͷզģôóԣʱðҲȥѧѧв
үȥڼһĽƲƲֶ˰Ȼ
һɶȥðѧǡ
ȻͷǾѧҲɶط




47.   47    ·

Ȼ¿λûһ, ʰзأĸ͹ˡ
ʰذ
ĸҲһзһƿյӡ
, ʰзء
ͷӷҪѧ, ͹, 鷳㡣
鷳ɶѽ, зȥһˢ
̳ӣÿɿˣ̳Ӷٵġ
, һ֪ԣȥ̳Ӱ
Ȼˮر߰ѻзȻĸзúá
Ѿͷ㿴в
Уࡣ㿴ʱ䳤ͰѶУһԾͲ𿪰
ֱ粻
ȻҽݾҵˣܣζʱƵʮ죬ܳˡ
ĸ϶Ҳ, ûһɱ˰ȻȻ۾Ŀĸզô컹еģ
, ϾͰѾƵȥ
ĸյӻĵȥһƿһҲ
֮۾ǰѴн, жж١
Ȼ׸ĸһ˫еֱ
, ±зٷЩʣ¶Žзһｴ, ףΣͣзͷԼģ֮Ͱз̳֮ϵȥ
ȻõһҲۣĸ۵ҲҪسǾнͳǮһĸǡ
ǷŽȥҲ࣬зôء
зһ棬ĥĥġ
иһϴĥ㡣
Ұȥɡĸ̳ӣʣһСء
ã᲻ٸˣ
ĸ̳Ӿߡ
Ȼзֳһ룬±зҲһ˹ȥһϸӡ
զ˹ˣ
Բô࣬Ҳٳԣз㽪ˮվá
ߣǶ֪ûȥųԡ
 һȥˣûء

Ӹ²ǳ׽꣬ˮɻҪ졣
󼸴ˮ˽Ϳǽ棬ҲҿѧʱѧĻϡ
֮ȫݼҾߣȻ֮ǰͼľˣǷӸҾӾͰ˽ȥ
Ϊ˶࣬ܲ𿪵ģһͷŽⷿһڿųһ档
ҲֻİӺÿĶսֿ⣬һȻ붬ڿϳԷġ
ҲǴ˿壬̣ӶƫСЩ
Ӷǽ¹񣬿ҲиΨһݾͿһ˫ţǳƵģ֪ͻΪͨڵţʮȥ֮Ǭ
ȻʵҲ֪ɶҲǵһؽӡ
Ȼһƿ߰ѵƴ򿪣߾ȻݣӶˡ
һȦûйŵ¹й·ĸӣзЬСӣһǷŶ챻ӵġ
Ūôô·
ȡʱϲľӣ
˵ģʱ˵Ұܼң
ǮǸ㻨ģһ߰һ
ССԴϣ趼費
㿴ݣҡκģɳҿС¥߾УҾһûôݻӦú
⺣İ
ȻȥΪľͷģû뵽ȻǺ࣬ǺҲӲϺһ޻ǵо޵Ĳ
磬˺۰
ɣȥʱջı߽ϣϼ£û뵽ˣʱ˵Ҹޣ߶ġ
һʣµĸ󿻵棬ˣʱסʱ
ȻŴ˫ɳɸ˶ûˣЩ໹ʣ棬Ʋֻһǰˡ
ɳм仹Ǹ輸ŵǻƻģͦĿŶˡ
ߣϱ㿴ֵ¯ӣ
ֱƿݵţ߾һĳ
̨չģջ𿻵ģֱͨԺ԰ӣ߾Сء
ľŴ򿪣Ȼվ̨¿û뵽ԺӻͦģǽҲͦߣһ˷
ߣݣۼҲ񷿣ͨӵģӺǲ߷ûĲľͷݣͲóȥˡ
Ȼû뵽ûţиֱͨžǸӣеڵеսȥ
ˣݣҪҤզǿ䰡ǷŶв˶ߣ
£ҲǰȻƵģʡЩҪ
ǷŽ̳ӵģǳģҲһŵġ 
򿪹չʾһ¡
ǿ̨ûйȻͺΪһоҪȥƵġ
ߣȥǶڲ˵Ĳ̨ͨҲ̴ͨʪԵؽѣ춼ôڶġ
Ȼо¶ĺܵͣҲ֪߲ڵؽѣΪʱʱˮؽҪҲܰѷӳ塣
  ͨǰߵӣǰ߿аݣǷʳģʪؿԿ÷ͨ硣
Ķõȣһڳȥһ˶
ȻͻȻʶһ¶ôôͨ͸ûһ˲㿴ؼڣǴ
Ǵǲһȫǲ
һľȫȣϱ֧ģߵĹòһ
ȻУسǻǲǺͷһҡ
ϲɣָǲ͸ģĶܿ÷磬ɣӾסˡ
飡䰡Ȼ˴첲оʱܴˣЩˡ
ϣҪȥɡ
Ȼÿϡ
ģмء
ûɶģ˻ؼˣȻ뱧žͻȥˡ
ȻֻܸŻȥ
һԺİײ˸ܲһ°ɣũæˣûʱˡ
ţȥգϱũæ۾ͽ£
ҼһˣٲȥҰ־Ҫɱˡ 
Լϰָ֪󵨵ĵܵܣûе飬ǻûȥƷզ
أͻأ
УѧУûż٣꾰ʦҲҪȥû˴Σ֮ѧϢǾ忪֤
ðɣȥְ
ԣȥɣðݵĿ׬أȻڽһԱ
İײ˻Ҫɹ죬ֱ϶֮ǰýУܲͷŽⷿ
ʵܲҪǶ찲Ȼ罴зһ̳Ĵݲˣһ̳ײһ̳ܲҲǳʱոպá
ϾҲˡ  
ϣĵĻ˼ҸϵһԷ
֮Ҫȥ˼ң֪أҪ׸Ҳ绰㵽ʱҿ֤
κһûȥҲ֪ȥϽܸյβͣҪ֮㲻ȥˣȥĻܶһٶǮء
˵ѧУ߲˵֮ӼһҲǲܵġ
ϻ뿪һ¸СͺڣǮʲôʱ




48.   48         

⸸ҲԼĲȫ, ȫϲϵġ
ѾͷҪȫɹЩ㺣εʱùȥ
Сÿĸɹ֮ܶǰܵ˽Ǯ, ϾһɶϣԼǮҲԣ
յĥ, ڵ, 绹Ҫɹ, ʱʱһ硣
һµʱΪȻıȽϺãǽ׳˲٣ѾƤСɫ
Ȼһû¾Ͷ, ʱʱָ̾вĸûôɥ
ھúܲѵԼϱֻϲԼˣԼиȻСҪʼˡ
ϱǾȥҰɣ
лƱ𣡡
У˲ģǴʱ𳵲żġ
ǽȥɣȻȥҲûɶ˻ȥˡ
߰ɣһ·
һ·ͳˡ
Ȼû뵽Ҳ˵߾, ֱϻһ̻ǲʵġ
ʱһûкܶ, ǰߣû, ֻǽ
ûԵ, ·ҲûأȻаʲô׼ûоͻؼˡ
û¶Ұ˵, ʱȥأȥͳɶԵġ
ͳֻһڳᣬߵͳͿæĹԱ
ãʲôҪ𣿡
һʲôҶЩˡ
õģ۽Ե׷ͷʨͷͼȣصаײ˷˿̲ˡ
ϹӦʲô
⽴  
Уÿһݣȥ÷С
õġ
Ҫʨͷݺˮȣز˾Ҫһݡ
Ȼ˻ķоԱһصĲ˺öˡ
ϻҪ˺ͺɰҲûбģζôࣿ
ţϴӦ˶࣬ӦĶٵǻ󡣡
ˮóԣϱ쳢 һͷιȻ
Ȼһû뵽ĺܺóԣϸۣʣʨͷóԣ棬ԡ
ȵҼˡ
ţҾ;ϵĺóԣھûϱĺóԡ
ƶ
Ȼ˳ԷߵҲˣҲһ𣬴ҲãҲҹȥ
һŷľˣֱˣãҪȡ
Сӣó԰ɣǳʦǿͼˣΟhĶ
һǮԱȷŽ˷
ΪʮųҪ˲һ·
һΪû˵ĸ߶ȽţȻûһ˯ˡ
Ѵ¸СϣƵȻˮʵָڇNɪŵĲУ֪Ȼ᲻ͬ⡣
ʮ㣬˲ŵ˱ǣʮµıǺ䣬³͸оһɷҵۡ
ȥдһޣȥɡ
šȻҲûȥдʹСŴߡ
ͬ־Ҫ䷿ůˮ𣿡
һǮůëˮѺëߴˮС
Ҫůů䷿
ģ¥ֱߵһڶ䷿ſһ¡ 
˵ĽŸԱһۡ
ȥɡԱѴůŰȻˮȥˡ
ݴ򿪵ƣȽϸɾΪֻһŴůӲֻϴϴ
Сӣн֤𣿡
һߣȻ͵Ц
ţͳˡ
漴 غţºңҾڸڣű𿪣ңϴĶϡ
ţ֪˷ġ
СӣϽҽо졣
үͳ
һڣ
mua~ȥɣԵķ࣬»ؾ֤ˣȻί˳ȥţ
ͿվŵĴүҡҡͷˡ
̾˷ϴϴɾͺ˯£ȴôҲ˯ŷȥ쵽ȻҸֱϳĳ
ڶȻȷʵغȦϣȻ͵Ц
ȥĳϲ±ͳΣ֮ڲĳؼң
Ȼıȥ˷һȻֹͣˡ
ﻹϰÿ·ĹƱݸƱԱƱԱֱ˺š
ߺ
ŰȻһȥΪϼûˣ˾ߣΪǻվһվ
ζѬİȻԹۣոճŵĻԾһ㶼ûˣġ
һ½ˣＷɳͷѰȻĺúõģʱʱһ¼ˡ
Сʱڴ꣬ǵġ
Ȼ³³һ¿
ϤĵطȻ㲻̫ţһ㵽˹Ӫꡣ
ͬ־Ҫʮӣ±գ보Σը𣿡
ûУУƱƱһһëǮ
Ȼ׼õƱֱӸ֮Ʊڴڵȡ
Ѿͷܶ˶𣿡
ܣû⣡
ͻȻԱߣѰȻĶ˹ȥ
һҧ֭ҪСġ
ò˵±ģҲƤڴ󣬳ҲǺóԵġ
Ȼʵ̫ԻգԶˣ±һ㲻ãֻСͷͷըͺ㡣
ϱиٻ¥ȥ·
߰ɣڳȥأȰѶųϣߣ
ȫ𣿡
൱ȫ
Ȼҹվ͵˹ĺߣȻһÿͣںߡ
Ȼǰ˾ţȻͿˡ
С磡û
ȻզˣҰȥɹˣҿ
ҴҰ迴Ҷ⣬ǳȥ㶫
Уİɣ˭ö ʮһ֮ǰ
ϣݰС磡
СǸСôЩԴףǿСԼĶֲˡ
ٻ¥һ¥ԵģСֱӱ˶¥
¥·ЬñһӦȫö¿ʽ
һ¥Ϳһɫëش£С鴩ϸöÿ
ãһ𣿡
ۻԱһۣûİ·
ȻԼȻûкأʹԣû뵽ĺ
ͬϢİȻȻʡ
Ǯ
ʮҪƱۻԱȣЩ·ļʹǮҲû򵽾Ϊϲײ࣬û뵽ô̫Լһˡ
Уţǲǻһ
ԶԶԣȥáۻԱ·ȥǴûȥģȥһ·Ǯأʵڶˡ
ʹˣҰ
õġۻԱӹɫë޴¾ͷָررǼɫĸ߲֪һΡ
ϱӲãȵʱڸϷõġ
ܺˣҹù⽻Ҹôġ




49.   49    

Ȼһί, Ĺͷ
ߣ㿴ƤЬӹõ·Ƥ, Ьĵطȥ
ϱ㿴ϲ𣿡ǳɫĳ, ǰȻϲġ
, һֱûļ, ûʹ
Ǳϲ𣿡
ȻҡͷЩЩʽԼС
ϲ𣿰ǳĸҰ, ɫģɫĶһϡ
һʮĿǮۻԱʹڰٻ¥Ҳͷһؿôޡ
ȻҪʲô͸ǮϱԼ·ҲǸ˵Ĳˡ
ȻƤЬͲ̫ϲˣҲûССƤЬÿ
ϱƱ¥
ǰһ֪ģܵۿ˻ġ
𣬵ʱȥ֮ǰ, ¥쳦ȥ
߰ɡ
ٻ¥һ¥ܴĶҲ, ʳһˡ
˼쳦ִŰȻŶѼ, Ѽ˶, ûһŵִֻƤĿѼ
Ķĺа˴۸Ҳ, һ˻治Դɺеģϲĸ͹ˡ
ƿ𻨳¾ƣȻƻŮܼҡ
㲻Ұܼң
£ĸֻܿҶӡ
߰ɣ磬һòסˡȻҪöͰѸǸԼˣصĶϡ
߰ɡûû򹻣ǿſҪˣֻ˲
Ȼߣ͵ˣ˸Ͻлϳ
ʦȻȻɣ
ţ̡
ȻȻԽԽÿˣ֪𣿡
֪Ǳ߷żپǰˣģֱӻˡ
С󰡣濡
ȻЦЦھӰ̵е㲻˼
̺áЦ⣬ȻĲУ²ѧİɡ
˵ȥЦһϡ
ĥǺӶëˣŵ˯ˡ
ѽ⺢á
ΪǰʦĹŮǺڲķˣԼϰϤҲóȻǰȻҲֵС
һСʱεۣ״óȻͷϡ
С֪ˡ
ЦЦԼϱܲҪ˵ģǸۡ
ȻȻ³ȥ·ſֱ£ôණء
лл̡
ɶ˸˵ʦϢҿϿŴܳȥˣ֪ûϰ̼ҡ
Ӧү̼ˣлл̣Կס
ȥˣʱ氡
ݰɣ߷󡣡̰ȻѶȥ
ԺŹȻţСֱӴ򿪣ܶǽԺǸؽ磬Ҳû˻ھ͵
Ҳ͵쵼ҵģǱɵǿɾͲһ˵ˡ
ԤбϳĻûĽˡ
һݺ̵ܴװǽ쵼ĻľܵɳͲ輸вӷһŹĲϻоƿŹβͲݡ
ӲҰִӰһֱסˣģҰ᲻ûӡ
ѶϰѣҰůůЩ  
ȻȥȻӲԭģ¯ѹúأӦþܻ
ϱúģ
ءȻƿţӣקµӾˣһһú
УϱҰѿϣʡ䡣
Уˮһϴ衣
ݺ߾иԡͰֱӾˮˮ
ȻȥʰģϿ
ҲڣôТ˳Ůսݾտ
Сûĵģ䣬𣡡
ȣůů
ְִȥɡ
ȻʵҲ䣬İõİַŽĴ
ϱˮˣϴ裬ϴ
УҺܿģȻصԼݣֱӶǸɾɵģһǾóȥɹ
·ҲǸˬģҲһȾǰǸСʰӰԼҲʰˡ
һ׳䳤˯£Ȼϴ裬ˮˣ¯Щúյġ
ڻϣҲûúϴ˯ˣһݾ;ͨ͸ˡ
ͷҲϸϴɾϰȻͳˡ
ȻҲȥϴˣϴ˸սͳˣҶϴ¼ˡ
ȻѶ£һ£ʱֳõ̼ȥġ
ȻûõĶʲôſôĸɱ͸ɺΣžͺóԣڿˮûסһ
û뵽ɽ̣ԼϰһֱǳģҲõĳ֡
ƿƣмƿ˼ҹ͵ģ趼᲻øϰֺȡ
üһ˭Ůܳô£֪Ϊ̰ء
ϴ׸ʱһ·ȻΪۻأû뵽˵ӵͦС
ĶЩ
αɹģΪˣȻȥõ㣬ҲóԣɵJ̻ú
Ĳˣ󰡣Ҳõĳ֡
ЩԵģǺģ
⼸ͳÿλкܶ࣬ҪȻզôǮÿһҶٿǮǹǰ󣬵ǺΣա
Ȼ֪ʱ򶯵ΣԸģ󺣲Σյġ
ҪҪ绰ȥ㣿
ã϶ܸСǺܲŮ˵ģ㱧أͷ  
ëðȻɳϸͷɡ
Ұôѽ~Ҫȥү̼ң
զţǰû 
꣬˵ˡסźӣϣϾ֪ܲǱ˿϶Ʋ硣
ǲҰˣȻϲıţžͿ꣬͵˵ϡ
ϰ֣ˣ
˵Ůе㲻ţ漴ۿˡ
ԱˡҲˡ
ĸǿվſڵкӣСɡ
尢̺á
߽ݲүᡣݾͿ輸϶Ƕ
ģ
ţТĸ̵ġ˳һʱûĹ
͵Ц⺢棺ĸɣɶ̵Ķ⡣
ĸ￴ŮԽԽϲҪ⻹ԼŮϲġ
߰ѰȻ£Сͬ־ ʵ
ʲôϰҲ˵𣡡
ǣű͵ˣһûأϰͬ־һ˼ľˣƤˡ
ϲˣ־Ͱ䣬Ȼզϰ
У֣ȥ
ϰ˰ŮѶˣСͬѧȥ˿Ѽ
꿴һ۵վͳһսߡ
ŶֻŶ~˴~㶹~¿~⻨~СԿɶҵˡ




50.   50    ĸ

ȻƵ, ûסջһϵɱȥŽ֡
ȻƵĿһϰ֣ߵһŹ, 漴ŷ쿴ϵ
ЦˣԼû˵ɶ, ɵŮ治֪Լܿ
, ̧, ԼĻզ£Ů
˵ҲסƮ
С, ɲԱġϾôˡ
ݣó˳ٵ¡
ã
ЦˣСӻɣ֪Լҽ
ҪͿвֻ
ˣ
Ҷʮһˡ
һţȰꡣ
꣬˵֪ˡ漴ȥ
ʮһûǲɶë, ҶʮһʱԱˡ
ǲ뽫, ûԵҲ飬ҿĵһ۱ϲˡ
, ЩҲԼŮš
Ůܼ, ȥһ˾ҪҰ¹ʣùүү̸ǮҶ
θóԲ, Բ˴ֵģԲʣģȥһҽԺҲҪǮ
ҹŮۣеСҪۺþãɲػ
ҹŮӲõ·ӣСʱ·ڹӡ
˵һѣۿ˵ˣȻסϰ֣ϰͬ־Ҳ˻У¡
УüޣȻ鶼ûС
ǻаء
ԣŶأСһ㶹ƣ˵
ˣ֪ɶ֪ԣһԵľ͸ȥˣԺȢϱܼǵ㣡
һ԰ãȵҸᵽʱĽලңҴҲܼලңľðȥ
ĶˣԼ߲Сӿ԰
ٿǣȥү̣Ľ
ţֵġ
Ҳȥ
ţ֣㿴ЩϲûûҶү̴ҡ
һСŮˣͻҡ
ĸѾֳһ붫ˣѼ쳦ֳһ롣
̵Ҳ͸¡
ͣ㣬Ȼúùȥ
Է𣿶û
ˣʨͷ⣡
Уýȥ磬Լ׳Ƶ⣬ϰǲǸ鳵û
ԱԿ׸㣬ȥȥ
ߣһȥȻӹԿ׾Ҫȥ
£ȥǮȥһȦٻ
۵İԼǮ˹Ů²ſͷһµ㻨Ǯ̾һ²Ҳˡ
õģ쵼ΪС
ͣԼҵײ͵ˣ˱˼ҵգ
㣡ﺢԸȥˣɶ
꣬ȥ簡СѧʦСǾ͵һһˡ
㣬ǿԸһȥ𣿡
ԣǹǼﲻͬģ´ܸˣҲȥ漸Ȼ
ŶСһڸʻ˼š
㣬ȥİ
ȥسǡȻ·ӣسǷ򿪡
ү̼𣿡
ȥ컹øϻؼҳԷأȥóԵġ
Ŷ̫ˣǸ⣡һֱ򣡡
ʲô趼򡣡
ǽлƤƤ±캽˸ˣ˵Ϻóˣҿһֱ˵Ƚһ˳ԡ
㣬զû˸أ
ΪϰָӣǰͶĻ¸Ķϰֳˣֻϰָ϶˼ˡ
ϰզ
ϰֵˣֲ̫ϰ¶ˣбˣ¸ġ
ССİڲǺǿŰȻ̵Ķ˲ˡ
㣬ȥ
УȻŵʱ̰ЩǰϳиеĿΣʮԺʮ壬ʮϴѧҲǿԵġ
ԡ
سǵ·ûжԶûһ͵ˣسûˣȻֱ˵Ĺ硣
ͣȣ꿪žȥ
㣡мСһＱĲУ±˰Ǽȥֲ·ֱš
ˣȻ³˹磬Ȼָ͸ֻ̨һŵƤ±ûмĵ
ͬ־ʣЩҰɡ
õͬ־Ƥ±һëǮһƤëһ
УҪš
߸ǮҪװһëǮһ
Ȼͷ꣬ͿСһͷʾҪ
ȻһóĺӾЦˣԭôɰĺӰСèССļʻһ𣬵ֵĺƸɺ׵ġ
Ȼ˼ҲνԵ֣Ҳġ
һëǮƱ
ȻƱܶ࣬ģҲ֪Ūô࣬ϰûôƱҲУǸԼŵġ
࣡
ã࣬ɶ𣿡
ҡҡͷˣЩѾˣٺ٣ˡ
ȻСһﶺˣǷˡ
ߣȥܲǺ«ġ
Ŷ
ۻԱӿߣһøŮҸõģҵǸ϶С
ȻӰԺſڣȻǺ«ġ
ȻһëǮϲʲôԼ򣬸Ҳ
ã
Сһ³ǮͷɱǺ«ĴүǰүүҪĸɽ髵ģģ
ϣġϴүÿţƤֽǺ«
ллүү
ţȥɣ䡣
·ˣȵǺ«ϳ
ˣؼඣ
ؼඣ
ȻؼҾ;òԣ̫ˣҪֵܵļʲô
˰Էϲʨͷ⣬˰Ѫίҹģϲġ
裬áȻȥ硣
ߣҺ㻹ȿ֣Щɶֹģܳˡ
һͿŵĵġ
㻹ҪУֽӰá
ÿѽɰԺ󻹿װأ㿴ʵ
ߣаȥϴֳԷСƽݣˮźˣԼŮƨɶ֪ŵʲôƨһ͸ûˡ
ŮǸę́óҸСȣֲŲ˵Ǵ˽ĵģѵŮúõġ
裡ҰҪę́Ȼųİֵ
óȰɣԭĹ
õģ
ȻҵԿװС򿪣߶ϰֵľƣֵĶС
һƿę́Ȼٸѳϡ
ĺҶҲˣѿѼ¯ϵһȺƬѼܾͰˡ
ĺ̫ҸȻ§סĲ
֣ϽкСԷ
Էˣ
ˣүˣһˡ
ֿԼҪ䣬һƾͲˡ
ȻЦϰ治Լȥ棬治ˣ
Сղզպųԣִүȥ⡣
ѽʲôʱôѽ
ƤӣοѾͷôĴ
ԷԷ
ţѼóԣ
óԶԵ㣬ٸ򡣡һŽȻ
ţȥֻ
ĸʨͷóԣ
óҽȻȻʱ
裬Ҫ磡
ȥ£˭ס㡣
ٺ٣ԣֺõĸ˸Ѽ
ϣྣȻСʱڼҶϲ
豧űӳСסһһ
š
ϰϽˣ˯컹ϵȥء
СðȻȥҸ͡
ϰѾ˽ˣϰ㸯˰
˵ɶأӸģȫĻ
ϰ̫ˣȻܹ§סֵĲӣʹϰ¡
ϰݳȫ𣿡
ȫҪҪӲŲأ
ϰԺ㡣
ߺߣԼԼͲˡ
Ʋңϰڿʦ
ߣ·Ǯ
ߺߣ˯ˣȥүأ
ã˰ɣң˯ɡ
߶СӣСӻҲȻȥ֪Ǳߣǲܹȥ
Ȼûɶݾ˯ˣҪڼ̫аȫҲ̫ˣֿϰܵܣ˷ܹȥƣ
ڶ찲ȻѾǾŵˣϰ趼ˣݾͿڽϾҲ֪ʲôء
㣬ˣҸϴˮ
ҰĸĺСȺˣĸ̵Ĵͱ
ͣҳԷ극һȥү̼ҡ
ţϴ
ȻϷүƵıźţǽͣ˶ðѷι
ţκóԣĽʸУʣ裬ȥҶ㣡
źãġ
극Ȼ輸ϵԿףŶ˸ʻ괹ͷɥ˰Ȼߡ
ү̼ûжԶﳵͣſڣڻֹأզˡ
ү̣
ϣҵĹԱˣ̿ɶʱģ§СŮϸꡣ
ٺ٣ġ
Ѿͷ̣ŷϣ̵СŮˡ
£Ůչ˵Ĳá
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ߣүүصĺһ
үү𣡡
ʲôã㲻Ұүү̾˿ĵĲС
ѽⲻǴŮ𣡡
үү̣Ҷ磬үүͬ־̻ͬ־
үү̣ǰѡ
ƣС濡
ߣѾͷȥŹǣһ̸ӡ
үȥŹǣүը棬ү~
Ȼ߹ȥүү򣬸үү
УȥүүһӾʮǮȻһ㲻Ǯˡ
Сӣ£
õүү
ʵ죬үүְֶǸ˵ɵĻƣΨһСѾͷôĲʮһ껹ڱϻͼүӶ֪
ȻҲ֪ǮСѾͷүӺϼƺϼƾʹ˸룬һ¶ߵĳ
ĻҲˣ֮Ҳˡ
үӸҲԶɣͷǰĺҹ߾ܱˡ
Ȼͬ⣬ϾǰԼһˣ˰ðԼ£Ǯֲǲ
үӸϲСӣеŰϰҵţԸӾǰ;
֪ܹȻ󵨵Ͱ⺢Ӵһˡ
ȻǸ罻С֣Լȥһ˾ͰԼүүϰֺת
Ӵ˻ôõⰡȥǽ˰ɣ
үӻ֪СǽԼһ͸Ѿͷˡ
ٺ٣Ů˭
ߣɲʮܳǽ߶˸г۹˵ֵ쵼ȥǻ֪ء
Ȼղſȥоͱ׳ˣûָʱԼģǵģڰ¡
Ȼӭ˽ȥõһǮһ˷һʣµľˡ
˲䱩ĸоʵ̫ˣ
үڳȥһ˰
ȥȥɣ
ȻŶһУǮʱԼлͷԼǱ
νˣܷһɴڿ
ԱСǿҲûʣɴİ˴ۣҲˣôǮԼһĹʶˡ
ȻҲû棬һ˻ˣ˭۲ܸɵҲԼ
Ͼ˭ܸɴķֳһҲǱıƽ
ǮĵŴ۸ԼүһۣүĵĸԼŮ˸Ĵָ
һ̸üˣ
үƺȥ~ȻİһǮԼүƵģүҿǮ
̲мƲһۣͷϻöԼ
ʵ̾Сͷ¶Ĳȫ߶ЩСﲻڷ˼ò׻һˣ۶۲أ߶ɶ
үȥүһ洫ģҲͰȻͷ³
磬ȻϣѺ챾
Ҵ಻
һ㣺Ǯմģ
ţû˵ĺʮʱġ
һ·ʱ˵ǺǸǸСڣû뵽ԼҵСڡ
ȫġ
û£̫ˣһ˸㲻͸㵽쵼ǰ쵼үү˵أ˵Ǯһ룬ҿͼ۷Ըû˸ˡ
֪Ǯ˵Լ
Ұ־ôһ˵ϰǮģû궼ҰǮҪȻϰǵ㹤ܸ򳵡
ϱôǮƯҶҪû·~
İ~ԺǮҹܣҪССҾʹǮССССˣ
ȻԽ˵ԽӵұĻˡ
ûףȴе㶮ˣסȻ⡣
Ȼס˵ĺ󲪾ϽģûССֻ㣬
ְȻ˼һ˺ܶ࣬ÿ춼ڸӵʱȴµĲˡ
ͻȻģϱÿһ춼ãʲô͸ʲôô¸
ǿ˵ġ
ţ˭˵Ҿ
ɶأԷˣүҲ֪С˷һԼСײ͵˵ĸо
㣡Է쿴̸һö⽴
ҲҪȻһȥ
У˵᲻øǷ⣬໹ܳԳˣ̸ôЩ
ңϽԷҲһǾûбóԵģ
ˣ˵⼸̸ĶѿС˶޶ˣ
ɶʱ򣡡
ϣ߾ֶŮ߶ˣ
ȻһȻԼޡ
ұ֣
ӳأɱϿϡϡ
ȻϲޣС̺ġ
СһǼǵýģ豧ϾͱQҪ㡣
СɣСѾͷСѾͷжˣȵ㣬һ
ԣȵ㣬ϰӰСǸѼˡ
Ǹãҽȥ˰춼ûţҿ֪СѾͷǮˣϿɵôȥԶٴġ
û⣬ԶУ
ŵĵóܵܳԣ˵ڸġ




51.   51    Ѽ

, ǳүүըȥ
Ȼһʹܾܵͱüһô࣡
Ȼӷڵϣֱ
һɶҲ, ǳԣ˼ҶС, קȥ, һŽŶմء
, ̸ġ
лл̣
ܴ죿
, Ҹܴͦʱ䣬һ
ƹ֮ǰȥУǹ֮ǰҪˣȻ󻹵ûȥʱõװ賵˺ʡ
УҶⲻɶʱϢͻҲ̫Զ
ţһ᳣ġսսģ忴źͺ, ȴһΣյĸо
үүԼ϶һû˵ɶ˭СӰԼҰײ˱ء
Ȼͷͺ, ˸ۣԼǸЦꡣ
Ȼ, ŵĲŶ~˺ÿ~
ȻСǸ޵Ů, ׷ԼΪԼÿԼǸ, ֪ŮûģĻİ˸ˡ
꣡Ҫ𣿡Ȼ֪־˼ұ˳úÿԼˣĻϵġ
Լ֪ӡ
Ʋһˣ֪ûʲôӪĻ⡣
һ񣬰Ȼ˲Σһ˸оëˡ
Ȼ°ҪԼǮ£ȻΪԼãԼ۰
ȻˣɴƽԼǮɶҲûУүըóԡ
̣ڸһ룡
еǣ⺢Ӳˡ
ɲǰһ룬ûԹ
⣬ү̰ʢİһݸȻ
ȻӹŲӣүеĲֶһ룬үĽզûĺóԣʢ׽Ϳʼ衣
С̸ʢһ롣
лл̣
үүһҿɲܽ㣬СûĵľͲүүˡ 
Ҳѧүøһӡ
ϣѾͷ
ˣҪˣȻԵ·̱ڵϲܶˡ
ҵҸҸ簳ڴҵģҲŵĲˡ
壬Ҳѵܣȥɽ髰ɡȻ˵ĸоʹ㾢ۡ
զȥ~Ҳȥ̫ˣȥ
һΪ鳤ȫûиȻһͣ׵ġ
֪~ϱȥ
ɽ髳ɶƶ֪ȥء
NNˣɽˮˣͦ˻ܳ
̺ôһ룬ˣȻһˮԹۣϽͷܾ
裬ҲȲȥˣ
̰һ̣  ȥɣͷ»ٸߦôʰ㲻
ɶϵ
ȺΪȻҩƵİĵˮˣɽҲˡ
ȥĸɣˡ
Ȼϼϰأͷ˳
ҿϡ
㿪ⲻסˡȻʻһ̯˲ˡ
̾ӿַ֮ŵСƤࡣ
Ȼֱߺߡ
ô಻ܣ
óԵҲ٣ôͲأ
һֱԵĶ࣬Եһ㣬ͻȻԶ൱Ȼˡ
Ǹӵģ
ţ߲㣬үүƵóҡ
ţȻͷȷó
ؼҿ𣿡
Ȼİʮ궼û뿪ңȥԶĵطǣǸҰһȥģ㲻𣿡
Ȼģĸôϲңа
ϱ̫Ǯզ죬ԼҪϱģҪϱԼˣ
ϹϹһͷ£
Уͷһͷϲ磬ô룬ȴû˵ԼûʽϱأûϱƸأ
ۻȥҰ𣿡
߰ɣȻýһȦؼѾӣڼҴʮӰְͻˣſڵĳϼûȥզġ
ĸ
Сǽûȥ𣿡
ȥү̼ˣϲˣſֻˣǡ
УСȥɣҾС
ǣʦźߵСԸϽˣؼһܸϱӳԷ
ڳϵ˰ȻһȻݻ·ָֻˬˡ
֪ԼŮܣҪ·СԼҲȫɾˣܺӲңָܵ춼ոѬζ
߰ɣõȼˣҰԿѼء
ҳʲôаУûǮҲȥˣ 
ҶûƲһ۾ȥôĻ
ǣûǮƹˤҪԼϷѪ
ȻǰЦĲУֲҷ
ϰԺӣۣ㹤ôߣϰƤ
磬ɣԼϳ
ҲǸJӲģþġ
Уͣ˵㡣
һﺢƵȻ˶ĳ
ǰ߿ں߸ţҲһСʱֱȫѼ꣬ʱھˣڹҵġ
Ҳǿ԰ûɶһģ徭쵼Ӧ꣬Ա˵ۻ᲻ˣҪ˸ᡣ
ԱȻȻ˻ȥ
ʮһ˰ҪֻѼѼһһһ
ˣŮʿһһѣҪһըＹһݽĩնѼӣѼצҲҪҪѼʨͷһѼ࣬һϲˣһ㡣
˵һľ͇Nɪһ£ûĵģСʱԼôһʺһιˡ
ȻڰֱҲˣ򵥣Ǯأ㻨
ǮǼ칤𣡡
˵Ȼаˡ
㣬Ǯ̤ʵûȻӰóһǮŵϰ
̤ʵˡ
ֱǱ߰Ǯק˹ȥ
̤ʵˡǮûþϱˡ
ҾͲܿȻֻĻŻԹϣҲˡ
ѼѼӵˣѼѼӶģѼǴѼٽˬֹ񫡣
Ѽצ±΢ģŴŴһͽˡ
ֻѼʦƬģȻԵĻҪæˣһ߾Ѽһ߸вˡ
СϲըＹҲûһؾһС㣬ٳԳš
ȻʨͷȽϺóԵƽʱȻԼһǽ첻Уʨͷ̫ռطˡ
ʵҲҪ̫ռӻȰɡ
ϲƽƽȴȳģȻÿÿ϶ǳϲ˷١
ѼܣȻϲѼǣζţɣžˬ  
ĩζֱӴܽǣǻˬ𣬳ԵһӾͽˣһسԣû뵽ղˡ
ų쿾ѼĿѼڰٻ¥ĲһζرãƤԣѼۣǰȻԼҲԲ£ʱѻͦúȵġ




52.   52    ̻˼

ְֳȥ, ߵ̨ǸǮ 
ͬ־ã鳤Ѿˡ
أֻݾʰ塣
, ֶŮһ㻨Ǯ
ߣϴȥ⡣
ǵȥ
ҴֶҪȥ簡ȥҲУʡ۸ֶŮ
, ͦ, Ӷô, һһûУ
үүߡ
ںֹ㲻Ҳ𣡡
Աϸ̼ס
ˣ廹øסءԼ̿ɲ֪Լݶ˯ֱܡ
̼
ȥ, ˡ
Сһᣬһ˺ƺƵеȥϴˣϴ˭زȥˣֻڰ̼Ҽһˡ
Сһ˷ܵ໽У˰ȻıѣֻܰѰŽԼѡ
˿СӸֵĺϲ£졣
ǵСʱüһ̿ҲһμӶôˡ
ڶһ磬һѶɩͻزӣݾͿԼϱһ, ԼֶŮСӻ˯, ŲҲķᡣ
ͿԼ裬ѹж, Ұָأ
ϼˡ
ȥ˵ŵˡ
ž, ڲԶصϣûһ͵ˣԶͿԼүүϸֻ
ȥ, ֻ
ţʡ
أ
ⲻСô
үүϼ϶һ㶼ãҪǰ꿴Сǲͻȥˡ
ֶСϲ𣿡
ͷû̧ͷ
ȥզ
Сһſ塣
Ȼգͷ
岻ˣͷҲصˡ
ƣ⺢զأ޵۵İ
岻֪ΪԼܱӺˣӺզôܿأ
үعϸɡ
㡣
ĸϼҲûϵĸѣ̲˴ţҲֻɵĳ緹
緹үүҪŶŮɽ¹ڳֻܻް޿㣬ſүүɽ
˵ԺϹƿŷżҡ
С飬̷ιˣſСĳԷء
ŰȻ˯ĵģģҲԷ~
֣Сԡ
Ȼһ˯ŵ࣬ŷԼĶ˯ȻѣںӺӵԭ
ȻʹȫˣֻȻһ̣Ҷ
ϣ̵ĹԱµسԣ
Ŷ~Ȼµߵڷϣ־Լһˡ
̣أ
ϺԺժȥˣүɽˡ
ɽˡߵɽϿҰ޵ġ
ԱٳԵ㣬һˣء
ţ̣ܳȥҴɶʱ
Ȼǰ󲮵ĺӣС۰ȻĸȥĵطҲξꡣ
ĸ˵ǻڼҹܸϡ
ϲϰ齴ձóԡ
óҸ㣬ʱȥԾӡ
Уɩĸزɣ
أǻΣգϹøøֳˣҲزˣҲѼˡ
ŶŶùȻǰСģǽȽ磬ϸоĸøһˣûϴѧˣϴһ϶ˣ֮˾Ϳʼոѧҵˣ֮ͱѧУƽҽƶˡ
ݼٻؼңûԼˣⶼССİȻϹò֪ġ
ԼûϢϴ飬̸쵼֪˶٣û뵽ϲûںġ
ϼƱ͹ˣԼϲġ
극ȻҲܵԺײڵɹСֶڰײϼ棬С·ϲš
Ű̵ް޿氲ȻʱװƵģĽˡ
Ȼ߹ȥҲڰײϣܵһ棬ϵСرȻûɶ⡣
ҲǣҪˣúõİײˣ
ȻЦĸΪףһҲС
㿴Ӱȥˡ
߰ɣ߰ɿ֣
һڼңȥ
ȻΣ˿ȥ־ͽ˵ӰԺźƼǵƱɶҲûǿһСʱ
˵ӰԺһ˶˲١
߰ɳˣһʲô㣡
Ҽޣ尤ͬ׵̷Ʊ㻹ûУЩȥҲǿʹȥҪһ¡  
˵û𣿵ɵøҶŪ㡣
ӣûҵĶġ
߰ɣ³ĸ㣺㳢
˵Ǹ±ǰɣȷóԣ˵Ǳ߾Ǳߵľɩоģȥ㣡
߰ɣóԵģøȥأ
˳ͣڵӰԺһߣϾǰٻ¥˵Ȼܴ˸˾ܵٻ¥ˡ
ȻǱĹ̷ۣԼޣҪǱ߶ܶţ̷̣۵ʱͲôࡣ
·˼ͬУûе˼ҲУȻϿˡ
ȻǸ˼йоصģʽʱģġ
ϼƺϼƻǸԼҲײģСǸʹӹʻˡ
һҾûϢǾ˸ţBϹ
ŶѼû˸˭ȥ͵ûֱӡ
ؼңűǵ֣һ˼̻ĸо
ȻͿһԹĿԼôأ
ˣϽϴֳԷ
ȻһòԼذɣ
̣Ҵͷ⣡Уȥϴ֣Ȼವľˡ
Сӣĸ㣡ҲŰȻˡ
ɶȥˣͻȻ
ȻûĻһ䣺Ӱȥˣզ
һԹߵǰⲻǸ~
ôȻͬ־ϴˣһͺƤˣϽԷ
ȻʵĹȥĹವľܵˡ
¾ʣɶȥˣ
Ӱ~
ɽɶջ񣿡
ߺץֻɽ϶࣬ĺܡ
ȻĴָţƽʱүҰɽɶҲץס
˵ֲã⼸ãÿȥɽСԶ
ߣɶأ˵үүԼŮС˵Ļ
˵ãɽɶҲץȻʵĲС
ѽѽҪңץǱϵɷŵĶˣ  
ǣȻ˸ѵĴĴֵָͷġ
Է˵ɶͷռ̸Ȼ˼鼦⣬Ҳ˼飬˾ǾԼˡ
ðóԣĸҲóԣԼϱʤˣ
ǼҴҺϼưʡṶ̄
С¶¾ͺáʾ԰ϣ̿һ㶼




53.   53    

, Ȼˣ
壬Ұְɡ
˵ĻȽԲ󣬰˳̨׶£У
ֶ϶Ȱǿ, ҲզأƤء
ָ°Ϳæͷ, ѹûƵ, С
æԹðͷŰѼ
Ųզصļ˿ɿ, Ժǲľĺá
ˣϴϴǳȥһ˸Ͻȥϴϴ, Ȼſְү̶ڳϵˡ
˴Ҵžϳˣ쿪λÿɾˡ
һ·ȥŰ忪СһûƵĺԺ
ߣȥɡͣóһ˽ȥ
Ȼ⣬ֻˣ齴Ҳ˼ҵģ²˻ԼҵģҲԼġ
ԵľǸԭζǶһݵĺó, Ƕſ
ϸŨ㣬齴²˻ĶζȻϲĲС
û˸, 갲ȥˣϰֱ, һ˸үүͻ˼ҴźҲ˼ҡ
ڱ, ؼˣᶼϱˡ
Сûĵģ֪Լ
æ, ȻˣܵԼ㶼ˣˮ
ûˣȥֵ棬Ź§ŰȻ
ϱ~ͷڰȻѣȵϢİȻġ
һ~Ȼת§סĲӡ
ܵ˰Ȼξ͵ȥСסС졣
ڼҵʱһֱϱһü˫۾ţҲΡ
ɵ˶ʱ䣬Ҳ̫ʹ§סСԼ
磬ȥ㣬⣬ԡ
һСѾͷ֪Լ
㲻ȥ
Ҳȥ㿪سȥسиڳǽµĴ壬㿪ȥͻ˽㣬ҪʲôԼҪС
֪ǵطģȥˣСﲻ˵Ҳûʡ
šϼԼȥҲãЩϽСƸȥ
ȥȻóϼѱѹϣҪԼûŪѽ
ǽ£Ȼûһӡ
ΪСڣû뵽Ǹʶˡ
³ǺãǰȻδҹ㶫
УɣҪɶԼԺӡ
һԺһŵ⣬ʱʱгӴβȥ
Ҫ㣬ҪŹǸһ⣬һȡ
һֱӰʰɾҲһ˰ɽ
䣬ûȥԣһ㿴Ҹʰͷ
ˣǮ
СڳԻҪʲôǮСڵĶĲ
밲ȻʲôȱðҲԭİɣϼƺϼƻˡ
㶵ĺӣ¶ֱӻؼҡ
ѱŵȻأһ
ܵȻǰһ͹ˣȻŵú
Ȼ޸ҰɣȢ㣬ȱ㲻ɣҰ㣬ܻﲻҵİһһ֤𣿡
Ȼעˣֱ˼˻ 
Ȼʱ˵Ӻƽȱܿ죬ȻͷһӶҺá
һİáͻȻԵֿʼ㡣
̫ˣ֮ôҰ~
ȻͿĸֱˣǧҪㄻͷˣû뵽Ȼˡ
ֵõģûǮ㡣
ã
ȥ֤
׼ˣ
ϱ˵ĴȻתȦϲöҪˡ
ȣɶأ
ϱӦ޸˳˵ˣ漴ŰȻľת
ŭˣ͵ؼļ˳ԼŮû뵽һºûԼȥ
˭ϱ£
㿴ÿģȥǾ֤զ
ϸ˲ˣҲ֪˵ԼŮɶˣźÿ
ϸױӰɣˣȻĲȴҲһֱϸʵ
ûһСֻˣԭǰļˡ
ȻЩƣ򿪹ǿõŽ
ڱϽΪ죬ĺܿ죬Ȼڱſ
磬˵ǲǴء
ϱܰ㣬ֻһʱܲ˶ѣһȥͷοο
ȥ
ȻָҳķУʢһкŴš
磬Լԣȥϰһԡ
Ȼڷ߰һȦֽʳȥʱʮһܵʣ壬СԸҰִ𣿡
ȻȻûأʦԼԡ
ҵȻɶ
˷ӣƬ⣡
Ȼǰ費ؼ綼ŷƱŰ߳Եģز̶ٲ˵ľˡ
һҪһݣҪ׷ȥȥ
кϣѾͷúð
ȻŷŷеĲߣ˰칫¥˱ֱӱϰͬ־İ칫ҡ
ȻţһĽȥˡ
˽򱨸棬õ̧ͷû뵽ԼһѾͷ
ɶˣ
ϰˣԲͷˣõı㣬˺ôĹء
ߣҶˣ͸㣡
óԵģϰ밡Ҹۼֶ˲ǣ˵չҡ
ߣͷϿˣ
ְ֣ˣһ˷ְۣƬ
Ȼѷһ򿪣ķдĽ㣬ϱ߷кõ㡣
ߣ𣿡óУóߵĿӣ׷һСŮ
԰ɣ
ллְְ֣㳢ҵһ֪óԲ
ţ㣡еۿ죬ԼҹŮճǺ˵ССһ㣬ڶ˽ˡ
ϰ֣İɣһ᳣ģһмھ㣬Ҫ߰ɣǡ
ǳСŸɶźھ˵͵ˣȥ࿴ߣҪӵܡ
ְ֣զһֱζһβţ
Ȼóտϣ˺һ⣬պݸϰ֡
ԭ֭ԭζÿ˻ܳԵĺóܹӦ
Ȼû뵽ԭôһ˵ٶҲ˼˰ɡ
óԣֶ㣬Ҳȥˡ
Ҷ㣬һж㣬幫עܷ⣬ǵζ齫Ըһ꣬һ㿾һҲóԡ
ȻóĶûκαʶ͸ܷĵϣõĵֵĺӣӸְװʻһҲϰճ鷳
Ѱ칫ʰһչ񣬰ʮķ˹ϡ
ϰȻĵߣ·ʳʱִ⣬˵ĲУͷһػҪڶصġ




54.   54    Ī

ȥ, սݾͿ˴۵СۣȻ۾ˡ
ϱˣԷ
ȳԣҰһ¡Ȼ˵, ҰϰǳԵĲࡣ
, ҵ㣡
, ȥʢ, ˺һ¡  
ȻӰѻ׼ϣϴϴ߹˺
С￪ĵľ֪С, ҲһԼˡ
ȻͳȻŽȥģó飬ڷȻϣԵζһӾͳˡ
ԷඣŲ˳ͰųСһʱֱˣϻʱ̿ˮ
ȻıſŨͳུʵϼȰζ, ãŴ, ɹõʱ
ϲ֭跹, Ȼһ, üһǸԵġ
ȻھԹˣܳԵȻ⣬ͺн, ȻպҲպá
Ȼʣ¶׷һҲùȥˣһһС˳һûʣȼ֮ˡ
극ͳȥˣȻȥɽˮĹ˾ˡ
ɽˮȶȵǣŰȻС־ߡ
ϱ~һû~
Ȼϸһǣžʹӡ
һݲŸоԼĽСĹ뷿ɫ۷ۿĿİģгôޡ
һŰɫɽǾӣ̨ƿƿ޹ޣǹ޻ŷ۵Ĳ
Ŵ¹ſ񣬿˵ģżĴ޿
ŻȥҲøԼϱżǽĿȻӲСྵô졣
ȡеƫСϵζǵõһξŵˣžҲŵͲˬ
Ȼ·Ƶȥ
ѪҺˣϱʲô
ʲôȻ˿
һУû顣 
ŶɡȻ§ĲӲȥ
еСʧ䣬ΪԼϱӲϹء
§סСһƷԼܳԵζˣЩ
Ȼ׵ģ§СǲԸ֡
ȻСèϹȥӰѽ  
ܵСѾͷһϹְС۸һ飬§Сϳ
·ϣƵ·ϵʱ⡣
˿ӰǷΧѹûȥӰڰķΧעⶼСϵġ
ӫĻ΢СϣܿӨëȥҧһڡ
ǹҧһڹԼŶȥ͵ñץ
ץС֣ȥױ
ӰʮӾɢˣ󲿷˶һһ죬ֻҪ͸š
ȻʮӶȥϽˡ
ûˣ§סȻŰȻСߡ
ȥĪԷ
ȻϸʻԼĪȥ
ԹһĪ˹Ʒ̵ͦ࣬ζ˳ԲߣСȥȥ¡
ûһᰲȻͿ˶˹Ľſڵͣλϣȥˡ
ڲ񻪹ţ룬硣
սǾͱӭλϣðȻ㣬ҪԲߡ
Ȼ֪󣬿ɶܳԣǲóԵĲԵڶء
߹ţⷬѴϺ㳦Щ¡
ϱĢ𣿡
⼸˶Ͼθ߹ţ׷˵ó˴Ϻ൯㳦Ķ⡣
ó԰ɣɶе֣ҲϲԵǹһ˳Բ
СԹϣӺЦ㣬Բҳԡ
İ
Ȼ֪϶ϲ⼸Ƕ˹̫˸ͳԲ
ֽԱŰ״ӵķԱ˹
ãҪӰ裬зɳҪڸһ˹ţ⣬һըţһݿźһĢ
õģԵȡԱʲôûȷһˣϾԵ˶Ǯ
Цﻹ֪С·Լ
ɶԲ˴ͺˡ˴Ϻǿǣֹ֭С
ΪûʲôˣȻĶ½ʱζȫĪ˹ζζȽŨθ
Ըպý壬ȼ֮͵ݸܽܡ
ĢĲϲպҲܲԼţ跹
Ӱ߶㳦е尲ȻԼھͳԲˣǱơ
οһۣĲҵ㳦û뵽ζĲ
ԼǵطûȥԣҲ˲ԣĺóԡ
СŸŷ˵ģϲըţȻϾϲСţ۶֭Ģ䡣
зɳǺóԣ˳һ⣬һҲûʣʵҲǺܴ𣡰Ȼӡ
֮ǰһ⣬һٷ˶ʮ࣬ʵʱĸˡ
ϲŵˡ߿߸ŵСӡ
һҳԣȥرóԵĹӪ꣬Ǽҷķ⣬⣬Źǣ÷˿ˣȫζŨã붼̿ˮ
СﶼԵĲܶ˻㵸ðǰܸоСѹ¶ںȻˡ  
ã»ػٳԡ
ţϹã
ȥøϰأ
ȻֱԼˣϰȥҪ
û£ڲ㣬û¹ƻܻء
ʮӾܵˡ
磬ؼ֮ǰȥǸǽļͣƱ㡣
һʮƱҲ֪Сôࡣ
³ҵԱһӶʮƱǮͬ־Ӷʮ
õģȻᰡžװСսʿܵԺһͰͣϳƳƹ֮ﵹ
ȻһüһǸС̰Ͳ©
ֱͣӾͻ˼ңȻûʲôϰԵĵܻ֮
Ȼһ͹ûˡ
磡ˮͰһ£ûˣ
ãҪʲôһùⶼˣܶʵ
ѼǸͷóɡȻܵ߿˿ףȻߣ̳ϴɾСϸ˿š
ЩͶ˰ɣͷ㶼ˡһͣˮ͸ͣһͷղˮﶼϴɾˡ
ɣͷȻϴɾĹͷŽŪһ
һͣȻѹͷ̳ϴɾˣͻû꣬ɼжЩ
ͷӾǰȻ˽˸ռǣڹţһɹɵĳ겻һߴסˣСܻˡ
һԺ͸Ͻˣ±
ݾܣ㣡ɶ
ͷˣûء
Сһۼʹչȥ~ɶأ
ըأôݼϲСӣСӳøԼϱ߰˷񣬿뵽ԼϱСʱС




55.   55    ѩ

, ԣ۾ð⣬Ź
Уȥĵõǡ
Ŷ·, 򿪳ʢһװǣһ, ĵҲó, , 裡
ܹ̳֮ͣһ
øСץһһɢ, ϵȡ
ȥԣ㳢
걧ܵȻǰ㣬㳢òóԣ
ȻͿŪˣҲûڼҹСһͲôˡ
ȷ֣΢΢һ
һľ͸Դ࣬ҲǺܺóԵġ
óԣ
磬Ͱô
ţˡ߹ԾȻݳ
Ǹڹ, ŵͷǸ
С
˵갲Ȼ͹ˣﻹ
, ҿﻹе, 
͹װûˮ֮Ž˹ͷ, հȻ˵ļ˵ϡ
⽷СˢСһС֮Ҫ˹
칫ңʰļ춼ˣʰʰûؼ, һžͿίˡ  
 ߰
ϰ㲻Ҳճ
һ˱һߡ
ȻȻ˰˵˸󣿡
š
ðС׷ȻȻء
ʦƲƲ죬ԼʲôԼû϶
Ҫˣ쵼ҪˣŲˡ
̾ǰⶼʮˣ᲻ð  
ɲզģһζʮˣӦˣҶʮίˣһʰ
Уϻزܸ쵼զȥ  
Ұ᲻ҾҪ ᲻ð
ϰɶˣô㣡㲻ǰ֪˰ɣߣ⻹ˣ
ίһûԼˣקţžԼˡ
ߵһüһذ
ίϰĴָʾȻȻɶأô㣡
壡԰ͷ˸
Ͳ˰˵󰡣
ţ壬ۼھӣ壬Ҷ
Сãίͷȷ⺢ӱԼǸСǿ
ûԺżζˣϼ˭أһԺͷֺԼңΪϰأû뵽ݾͿίϰء
ίˣۼȻȻķġ
ɲզģȻ߲ܰˡüڵί
ҿȥίš
ã
ͿȻ˶ʢˣڸһĿڴˡ
Աɶû
Ȼ裬ȥ̼⽷Ҳȥ
С⽷һž㣬üһ￴۰
һ´ͷ˶ȥˣֿԼҹԱŵĺռǣĸˣöٵϰ
ӣɶ
ҽİͷ
ο㣬֪ԴǿŶһջһ߳Եɶˣһܰˡ
ʵҲûֻǰֳȥʱ谲Щ궼ù
ӰһʼĽҲûô࣬ȻССһĲУʲôʡϸһЩ
֪ī˷Ҳ߶»زðȻˡ
ﻹвˣͷͶ˽ȥˡ
ίôҲ˼ؼԼƿھƣⶼǴѪˡ
ίߺȾƱྣȻ˾ͿмǣΪҲ˵֮ġ
ռ΢𣬺óԵͷ춼ɾˡ
迴źӳԵ㣬ͻȻҲͦõġ
ΣղĪô࣬զڻܳȥأ¿˿СĶӣԵȥأ
ùŮ˶óԣһζûУ㡣
Ȼ꼹ǾҪдͷѰȻĴͷùȻһŭɰǴСࡣ
СŽСﵱһЦպ⽴СĴָ֤СĿġ
һܹõ߹һȦε׵ݸСȻӹͷһһܹͽ˶ǡ

ϲźȻҲ˸Բĵİˣ˳ʳ
˼컹û˾ĹһأʵҲͦģʲôûС
ϵļ¥֣ʲôУ˵ĳܴӵģСĵģЦġ
ǰ߾ʳˣʳûûţһյյƵĵ½˵Цݡ
Ȼ·磬һȥҲߣͻȻѧѩϣڻƵ·ԡ
ϿССɵӣ·ͷϣ§Сߡ
ȻſһأǸʱѩǻɫģѩᱻ˱ʵʵģѩϵĴ⻹ᵽԼ䣬ʵʵڵĸѩڻĸо
ջؼңίѾȥˣְӽй
Ȼɵȥϰʲôָʾ
һֳĺŮҪˣϰ֪ȥ۸ͻؼңԶġ
ҪǶԲŮҫһΪŮƴģ㵽ʱƺðɡ
֣˵ʲôģʱ֤Ҷ԰Ȼģһһػ
Duang͹ˣֿһϽ⺢ôɵ˰ء
~㿴ѩһһˣѩ·Ǿͻȥɣʱ
ļ򣬾ôˣûסԼϱصĿޣһĨᡣ
˵ôССһ㣬զ˵˾Ҫˡ
ءôĹŮզͳɱ˵
ǸС˶ҪǸҶҹŮҾ͸ˣء
ʵǷˣŮСޣŮ·ޣŮСʱޣŮյޣŮޣ޵ĸˣŮմߵϸ׵Ĳľܲˣһ֮ӡ
ܰɲ֪ˣؽҪһˣ⼸ˡ
СһҹǼû˯ţƵŵͲʰԼʳ
оֺˣһ۾Ϳֵ粻֪ڸʲô
С꣬ɶأ𣿡ϰСһͷ
ɶʱ߰ҵðʳʰ⣬пڴžߴ򣡡
ѣʹ³Ŀٸðˡ
ǵõȼ죬ѩ·ߣԲżʰҲ˶
˼СһҲǵǰˡ
ѩ䣬ڽյĲر࣬¯ҲȽůģǲ֪ȥܲôůˡ
ͷת˲ţľ˯ˣϾûɽǿȥôˡ
ڶϰȻ˸磬Ѿůڵˣ򿪴˽ȻԼ衣
ͿԼŮˣϣһʪˡ
ŶŶȻغôûϴܵ棬ȻװعɫĿˣɫˡ
ȻͺˣڵСӹͦùıȽϺãŻǰɡ




56.   56    ˷

Ҫ, ȻͿܲԼϰָЩû뵽Լһġ
Ǽ⣬ôҲܲ, ƽʱϲ˯
ôôȥ
ţһ첻и, , ȴСӻ, 㿴һûС
ӣίǽ漴ˮ
ֱ˵֪, Щڨڨӣ漴ŽݳԷ
Ĳһ£һ׷ڰͷ׷֭Ǿˡ
һԵôҲǾˡ
ˣİˣյ㱫㿴𣿡
Ĵӣװˣȳԡ
ȻҪߣȻʹŰһȥ
ϵ, ȥǱһ㶫ţҪĿԶһ㡣
ɶô۾, ſԼϽ㡣
ɣ
Ŷ̫ˣ
һ³ֱٻ¥һ¥һС, ֱӰǸ費Լһס
Ȼⷭ, ҲûʱҲûǲ
ѧαȻַŻȥ, ЩԼкܶġ
Щ𣿶һųǻԹ䡣
һף˽ĻСһﻶϲĲУıQQİԼڶϲһ¡
Ǯᵽֻصٻ¥
Ҫһ¥ģǰȻ˵ģȥ·Ȼϲ·
ССѾ֪ΪΪ̫Ƥ·ϥϵĲҲܿüġ
Ȼһӣְɽװĺް޿㣬ָϰװëش¡
ù˲ƱȻ治ģۻԱһʾ˵ǸھӴġ
·˼Ҹ˼˫ЬЬƤЬ
¥ȥͿ˶ףҲףֻ÷˶Щˡ
һףϰͬ־Ҳףûʲô
Ȼһ¥ϹһѶ
Ѷ͹ȥţ䡣
ſѼһҴ󣡡
˵ô䵫뻹ǰѶŵ֮ȥ˸ȶˮûȥ
ȻϼôôѽûˮЩʧ
ȻС춼ܹƿЩʧЦߵ߶ˮݸԣȶˮ̫ˣůů֡
ߣ
Сｿĺһ촽Ļȡ
ϣŮ㿴СӶ֪ˣ
ǰŮ˿ɲܾŲ졣
ɲʲô
ȻǷʤŲˣʣ˾͵Լòֵ
ҶôˣʲôϵҾԸţʲô£ʲôʱֵNNˡ
Ȼ۾һӷŹĿ
ԣϳңѰȻ˳ȥԼţСðҲȥЩ
Ȼůģԭ˵ĳŵһ㸶ʵǿ硣
Ů˿ղŶССһߣɢıʵŵˡ
һֻѼֿ֮˼Ůһŵüӱȥˡ
ŴͿСˮһĺȶЦ
ᣡҰˣȻҲСڲûˣһڡ
ʱɫͨ죬˿ϵ˸ϽСس˳ֳ
Ȼû뵽ǸСӣռ²Ҫｨ衣
磬ϿǱиӪ꣬쿪ˡ
껹ͬѧԼģү̾ڳϣԼԹ
ȻһͿˣ껹ûſھŶӵˣȻϽ³ŶӣȥҸطͣ
Ϊ˶࣬һŻ
ȻĶԣžͿˣһŮ˲ˤŰŴ򿪡
ȻǣŰ꣬ſ˾ðȥҸ
һŶӣȻ˿۸칩ӦĲˣƱƱó
ӲŵԼȻûŮʱһ⣬һ⣬һ⣬һŹǣɣ׷ǷѺ𡣡
Ů˱Ȼһһ㶵ģȻӹƱѺ𵥾ҵ˰ĵط
˸ˣʶûλˡ
㣡ߣһиŮˣð⣬ģ漴һΨΨŵŵӣȻһ
Ȼһ˾ûģ˵ûеطҲøƴ
ʮ˺ȡ
Ȼ˿ֽ㵽ڰԼҪĶ˻
һͷͿԼҪöȻҡҡͷûעԼС˵Щµװʶˡ
Ȼղ˵һĿܲǺ˾ͺ£Ҫ±ˣǰȻ˵˷ӵĻ֪ûͬҲ֪ûжϽϰִ绰Ȼ󱨾
ְȻô룬Ͼվ˴ͨЬȴȽƣ϶ߵĶ࣬·ȴûв
ԷȸСӴڨǰ͸ˡ
˵սľľһֱŵĴӣȫװһСӣղŰߵ˻һ˲漴ѴŲ˽䡣
Ȼޱ侲ϾǱǵľ죬׵ļʲ󣬾ϰֵ֧ԮӦϾ͵
ȻװһµСһӵĶŵϡ
ϣذˣ
۽㣬㰡
ؿԣȻԼҵܵǸģϷɶ벻
˼װʿˮ˴ֵСǮ͵ˣؼҶûǮˣʵڶĲˡ
ԣЩǳԲģȻͷݹȥҲ
漴Ѹײڶ֮Ƹ˲ٵĲˡ
ȻͿְѿߣһ֮żвˡ
Ȼͼ˼ŹǣٷǰϹˣߡ
ȻھͲˣ壬ҸܵθС㻹𣬲Ҵؼˡ
ˣŶҲˣСܰŻƱҸд־ݣȥͰǮʸ㡣
ԣֱӽǮɣȻʱɵ
УСȥƱڲԶȻҳҪΪƭأ
ԴǣȻŲȥء
װ˵ѽ
קק֣ȻĹ˹εܵܵġ
߰ɣණȻǸ˲ëȻ״ǹŶӡ
Ұࡣ
ãԼ
һͷ°ȻˣȻһˣߵȻˡ
粽ǰ޶صһžͰ߳ȥԶû뵽Ѿͷװģͳֲ־ͶŰȻû뵽һӾͱϵߵˡ
˲˾ͱܳƷˣĵľ͸ˡ
ȻѾ򿪰ȻޱĺӣĽһ˲̽̽Ϣһ
漴˸ˣó֤ӸȻһ˾֡
Ȼ˽ȻѴ󱦵ķ˸ȥ顣
ǰûʮӣ͵ˣȻϰ־ȥۣϰҶˣ
ֳ˳飬˷Ӷа
ŻˣοԼŮ¹ŮӰ
˶ܿСװģƫƫҲ壬ھԼûС




57.   57    

¼, ¾ͲðȻˣȻֱϰָȥ˽ԵĲˡ
ܰζǾøղŵĲ˰Ϲˡ
ص, 軹ϼƽôûأһЩ¡
զһģ
Ȼһϰ֣ղ, һ, һۡ
Է˰
Ȼ˵, ˡ
ǻȥɻᡣ
ʱһȥȻʹŰɹһ֮, ȻȥˣڼҴˡ
֣裬ͻˣүҽȥͲȥˡ
谲Ҳ׼߸ʰǰѰжˡ
裬㶼Żɶ
ԶԶԣЩùȥܳÿ, ʹˡ
Сȸûȥ, ȲĹأƸ׼, صľ, ·Ｘӡ
óһѶȻ֪ɶʱ׼ġ
ְ跭ȥһޣȻ˯, 賿緹
˶ԣ˺öĴͱʱǴš
Ȼ賿ӣƮϣһëϣѣһҪˣȻ쵽˵ġ
Ȼëģ˾סд¡
˵ͱѵѾͷôණΣջסдǶסд
ŶãȥˡȻߵ⣺ˣԷ·ˣ
ˣҲȻˣ·ͽа꣬˭֪СǸˣò׸·ֵˣֻܸ
ȻԺ緹ůҲûֻܰں·໹γɸСպܷ
迴ӣֹˮŵ£ְޱϡ
Ҳźľ£·ˮȻҲһãڸʻϣҲޱǰߡ
ˮ˭Ҳû뵽ǰЩŪء
賿Ƚϴ󣬻Щ䣬¶ȸ߲࣬Ǽ˴ĶûɶоȻЩˣ͵͵ѽ졣
˵̫ʱ򣬿Щۣڲһͱɽ嵲ס
̫ȻˣϽȴӱó
Ҳȣﱻ̫յůģЩôõ컹ǵץϾԽůϾԽ䡣
·ԺһأӻλƵֱ˯ˡ
ۣ˿ﲻԣڿڻΣСһ£һŤͷԼ㡣
ˣû  Ȼͷʰꡣ
~ӡ
Ȼһţ̣ǰ̳Ҫģһůڻµء
дͱȳԣҿһԡ 
ȻݸһԼһԼһι
Ҫʡˣ·ҲÿҲܵұͷһ
ȻԵĲˣ³֮ͣóͰһͰϳ
Ȼֱӿ˹ȥ˱ţ֮ƽȵ𲽡
Ȼһٵɶһû֣Լĸ˵ӡ
ú;һ߱۾ȻĵҲС
ȻҲҲСʱͽʡˣǲ֪·ھ֣ӪǺҡ
СܣڳţȥˮȻżˮղŵˮѾ׸ˡ
ڽȥ֮߰ѳŴϣȥ߰ǴС
Ǳѣüͷߣû뵽ǰǵسǡ
СԹ̽ȥ
Сһͷأ
ȥˮˣָȥķӣһӾͿ˰Ȼ
æƿ³ӹȻ´衣
Ȼ˦˦֣ѽʵ̫ˣ
ùС֣ϱߵĺӡ۵ĲУᴵСѵ⣺»زˣûҪϹǸʲôġ
ȻԹԵͷ Ŷӣǿԣһˡ
ı߿Ҳʶ·
˳ŵһֱһСʱƾ͵˳ˡ
Ȼһ߿һ߸ָӣϺιŰţ̡
ȻûһԶԶľͿ˺ߣ˲һСʱ͵˳ǣҲˣӹӿٶҿ
Сʱͽ˴壬ڵĳףȻûסˣʮûջ𣬼ʹ˻Ҳȥ
ŰȻֱݰá
ѳſڣԺӰѴŴ򿪿ȥ
ĸᣬԼСѾңߵĳݵĵƹŵĹǺѶѾǺñӣŹӾͳȥˡ
ӭһͷԼ϶ӸѾͷ߻иС
裬տ𣿡³һ仰տû
ĸ˳ڻصûգҲڼҷǸɶ
ԣݣ˰ɣ⺢Ҳݽһޡ
ĸѰȻƽ⣬ȥ
衣
Ӻãҽа꣬ҽĵܵܣԺҪ鷳ˣ
ʮСһ뿪ȻСһһ׵ģĸ֪զˣ⺢Ҳ̫ˡ 
鷳鷳Ͽůů͡СѾŲ΢ôȵĿҡ
ĸϣȻ첹ĺܶ࣬ζ㣬һóľϴɾûùġ
һһ죬Щ˹˵ƾͺ˯ˣЩȻ֮ꡣ
Ȼ˯о͸оԼ⣬ϤζϤ䷽۾֪
ʵ̲ס˼֮ˣ˯ĵİѰŲϣֱȻ
ǿƾܿȻиİ˭Ҳ֪ﻹһ
ȻŲҧ촽ָȥȻʹҧš
Ȼ̱ڿϣ˻ʵȻѾûˡ
ԼҲܣҲֻţźСԼֻĵĹȥ
ڶһ磬ĸȥڸɩˣûѣ컹ֿ˹ȥ
С˯ĺģҧҧԼ˯Сﵹ˯㡣
ȻμԼСԼι漴һȺʳ㹥ȫ֮ôҲֽŻˮݲסŵ˲侪ѡ
С۾ȹһȥСͷ
Ȼ²Ƕ˸ˣ
Ȼ֪ĵģ֮ᱻ֧Ŀ־塣
ϱ֤ȥ
ſڰȻѣҹҵİȻơ
ȥȥȻϽЭϾ̹·ϣҲȻһĴá
ֽѹϣͿŻûжļվȥ
һЩ壬ʱǼǵҲûмտſ˻Щ⡣
ͬ־֤
մ㣡Цɵ
֤𣿻֤
˴ˣϽó˵ĻڱͰ⸸֤
ҽɡ
ȻͿŴӿŵǩָ¶һ֪ط׶ˡ
Ҫǩһ𣿡
̧ͷˡ
ĺҪ˴һ㣬ϱ
ˣ㻹ͦ죬Ͼ˿ǵһɷ»ӵˡ




58.   58    ¼

ˣ, øԼϱ㹻İȫС
Աһڱֽݸʱĺû޳
ϱȻת˸Ȧ, ԱҲͨղϲ, Ҳû˹Ӱɶġ
ȻŵĲ֪ô, ҪỹûӽзӦ, еµġ
ϱߴȥطԼϱеŵǰϣ˫Ȧס
Ȼý鵫Ǻȱ˵ʲô, ̾˿ʱҪʲôг
ϱô~°Сͷϣ繡
磬ôͽˣȻعͷҲ֪Լȥˣûˣ§סġ
趼׼ˣʮǸ, ʱ۾ݳԷ
ƽͣ˵ҲʱҶ, һ㶼ʵݳԹɼˡ
ŶȻĲȤ̫, Ҳ뿪鲻á
ŰȻ˺þ, õȻҪ˯˲³һƫƧĽʯ
ģȻЩ¡
ֵͲ ȥ֪ˡ
Ȼֻ΢Ĺڵϣǽ׼, ΢ⰲȻߵĹŵױ
ȫòȻһϣĲɷŨʷϢ
Ȼǰ˿Ƶ幤ȻɣϹ
ǰСӵԴϣϲ׼˺ܾõģʶҾ㴩Ŵۼ޸ҵӡ
û˸ֻǿɵˣԺлʽİһ
Ȼһǹݵʢ񣬵Сһôɡ
ϲϹ̫ҾϲˣϹ
Ȼ۰Ͱ͵ĿֹСģС
ţװӿ
봩ԼܴȻ治鷳˼ҡ
Ҹ㴩
أȻͷ絷⣬ڴСľܾ
ЦһԹԵĲҪȻֻڲ
۴һСʱŴϣȻСѾߺϺӱԹ
ԼĴϵǿ죬ûһʹˡ
ȻϼһװǴӻ۳Ƶġ
Ȼû뵽ںߴŷϼ飬ʱ¼
ϱҰ㡣־ҪȻһӱܾ
Ȼɨһ֣·һѽ
ЦˣȻһקĹĵСˣϱĺܰ㡣
Ҳ㣡ľϹˣſѽ
ǡסСӵ־ȥ
ϱ·˳ǳˡ
Ȼǲ£üȥܲĻ䡣
Ȼ˳ŰȻ·֮ųˮ˲˰
гڲѰȻǰߣȦС
˸ջĹĵתˡ
꣡ؼҲȻϳſߵİꡣ
СһһȾϳţ˳ҲȻ
զˣôѽҸѽ
ûϸ룬ʺ˳һֽ۾תһȦаɣԭˣ
лл㰡ȻߣһѵܵܵСͷ
ݰѶѾ˳ԼûڼһǴ߰ɡ
ϱļҡӵѴŴðȻȥ
ϲŮĶԺ̨ϼ˭ˣһʮʮٶܵſڴˡ
һ֪ѳʵǾˡ
۰⳵˭İ
Ϳ˶ˣҲûϾǱϹ¸ǡ
Ҹϱ֤Ժɶˣⲻ۵ĳûϱˡ
֤˰軹˵Ҫء
ţҲõҴүҰǻǡ
Ϲϲϼɶδ֪ˡ
˵ϳˣ˴Ӵ·ֱӾͿԺӸߵߡ
ȻȵͣԺ磬̵ѽ
Цˣʱȥɽ϶ٵʯͷǰԺϣԺĵعֲˣʱкϯӻߺ໹档
ţʱŪͤ
ԣѶᣬȻ㿪ʼʰ
óģ꣡ݸ㣬Щ㶼Լʰ
ܵһô󣡱ȰӶ󼤶ĺԣ̫˽㣡
Сһʹ̵ľݰ˾ͰѰĶˣСһһݡ
˰СʱŰѶ˶ܵѺǽϡ
Ϊûסˣÿ˲
ȻʰװȻһڱ㿪ȥˡ
ȻӶһ飬Ű·һһĶ·ϣһĹҽñ䣬·Ҳ
һỹûԭסĵطѶû֮ǰŽ˹һֱͿˡ
ĳԵĶŽ׼ʳҲи̷ܷ۹ޣԼպĸܷŽȥ
ʳֳһõݣͿ·
СܣԼš
ŶҿԶԵ𣿡
Ȼԣǲ֪ʲôʱôóԵĵඣϾسǣȻνİѶݸ꣬Żǽԡ
ȻʰԼĶʣµľϰĸĶоԼ·Ь
ϼôŪأͻˣȻϼɶ㣬һһǺ档
ý߸Ȼһǲ֪Լģһֻسý
磡ʲôȥˣȻһİԹ˵ģɴڿϲˡ
ȥһӶˣֻȥĶҵĶûˣڿڣů͡
Ѱ򿪣ҵȻʰ  
ѼֱӺŰͻȥˣҪǸղſɩӶˣǼſ˶ҲܰѼӴ
զ˯أȻСѾղûоôʱڹԵĺҲ˰ɡ
û˯ðɣ˻С
Ȼ˿СһϵĺΣղΪȵģء
ǲǷˣ
ܰɣһ𣿡ǷҲ̫˰ɡ
˴ӺϽݣ裬㿴Ȼ˵СǲǷˣ
ĸæӲһɲǷˣҸƣӦûסܳȥˣ컹úõء
ĸæþȸӲ壬ȻĸַҲŰæ
ˣһͣȥͺˡ
ȻЩģҲ˵ɶǼСһĺţ¶Ҳ㣬ȻҲˣĸº
ǣŰȻֻؼң껹ʰأѹȥûҪ̫ϲˡ
ӣȻһ·رĽС
ڰȻһ򿪣Ьսñְ·ȻССҲרŵĳ롣
ʰָСµʱ򣬺ˣ֪ϸĵŵһ
ʰñ䣬Сָÿ·Լ·һĪ㣬ܸСסһˡ




59.   59    

ʰ·, ȻſһʲôͿ߸
磡զ죿
˿ϵİҲеͷۣҪ̫ˣǶû˯˷ѡ
뻹һŶ, һݵģʣµĶŽ᷿Ĺ, ҩ
˰ѿϵļʰɳ, , صľɢˣǶʵϷġ
̿װŰȻĴ, ѰȻ̵ںϣϱߵĵӿں¡
Ȼ꺣ë̺֮һ߸ߵĿϹ̫ˣ̫ţ˰ɣ
Ϊ㣡СĹһ°ȻǼ⡣
ȻӣһϰùģһԼóǣһǵģǴġ
֮ͿˣȻ˿Ҳ֪ΪɶԸؼˡ
һӣܷһ, Ҳһ˵ģﶬһ
磡Լ, 㿴Ұ軹ء
ҲأȻôôıԼǵһμ, ֱů
Ҳ뻻, ҼŸǮһ£ϲ˺ܾãͱɩ˵ӻƨɳ, ﻹԼ·
֮Ϊ˲Ҫ鷳Ҳû£ҾͶյ㣬Ҿ걻£µջ𡣡
Ȼ۵ıûˣԺҲ䵽ģأ˵㲻ᷴ
ŰȻûʱĶɩûӮϾԼģûҲġ
õıϾϱֱǲܵġ
ǰȻһ̱Ҳռһ뿻ˡ
ʰ֮źݵš

ɣС˷ܣЩСţԼˡ
ôѽʰʲôҪ𣿡
ȻʰĲˣŶţСЬӰЬģС·С۵ģѾˣѾˡ
㣬Ҳ̱ӡСһЩա
ûϵģСܰˣôʲôء
ȻܵܵСԴֺģֲϲԼġ
Ѱ걻Ѻϣְ̺ãŤͷСһһݵĿԼüѧ»ԼŪһزлء
۾ĵͷ
ıҲܴĸҾͷˣůͣ˯һҲġ
ʵ֪ǣⱻǰȻǰŪģΪ˯Լ˾͸ϰˣ밲ҲҲһǽóǵġ
ŪֲңȻûôɻ̱ɳϡ
òƵģţָ֮ɵ𾢡
ųͻȻʲôַǽ˰ȻǰԺӣѰȻⶼ˻
һ̳̳ݲˣ˸ײ̳ܲ͸־ƿװĵϣ̳װĵϡ
Ƕã˺ö˲ŰѶա
ȻŴ̳С޵Ǹɲˣȫ˶֣Լһ˾Ͷˡ
ȻҲ̫ۣǿӿգҳ֯СɳϣȺÿַҡ
ɫľͷҾӴŰɫģЩ԰ĸо
ѵҲ˴ĥõľͷ壬Ҳɽϵ滹ʵ
õשҪˣʱ򻹲ôЬء
ҲȻȻţٴЬС
ӾͶשˣҪСһСͬѧɶġ
ɳ׵Ҳ˵ϣ˶ģʱģ߿ǵо޵ġ
˵ףС
ȻǾϣ;ͺá
ϱ˵㣬ȫϱģʵоԼҲԼϱϴϱ۵Сô졣
ȻڳСż๤أôŵҪ
ϱȥ¶صСţ𶯣ȥô䣬㻹Žء
 ŶȻֵֹĵͷ˻ЬͿĸͦżģȻӴЬҲųȥ
ĸżۣҽԺС˵ˣ
ȻһоԿ׺꣬ȥһˣԼڼţ
ż²ܻţҪڼͷİɣز첻ȥģġ
Сˣôһ˵ȻҲˣĸҲˣżǻûš
ǽӱſڵңҿ͵ϳȥҽԺ
˵ûĸӦͱ˺ѹűȲ·ſڡ
ӳȻֱӸϳһȳɡ
ȻҲû죬Ҫ߾һ·߳Կ쵹Σա
ȻĲ쵫ҲСʱ·̲ʮӾ͵ˡ
ΪųֱͣҽԺſڣһ˱һӾҽԺ߽
ҽǱȽϿ׵ģ˵⼸üӶ֢״
ͨĲȾ˯Сӵ߻ڵֿСеСֿûĺãЩء
סԺ۲죬ǻȥڿܳˡ
֪أĸסԺҽ˵ƿӹš
֪ԼϱۻˣƣС̫ȻûԷء
ȻҲûԷҲûᣬҪ˵ɳԺܶ㰡
裬㿴ϱ컹ûԷأȥʳÿ
СԼ˵ţĸһûˣ˼С޸Բˡ
ȻʮͻȻѣһһĵƿ˿
ҿأһᡣ
û¶е㷦Ȼǲˣæһ죬ûͣЪἸֶֶŮַա
һƿˮСһ˯ЩϵĺҲʱ˷ۡ
ĸе㵣ģۣզѣ
û£ղŻ˵ˣС϶һСʱѡ
Ȼ⻰˿漴ŵζžԼһûԷˡ
СӦˣ˼ͷϱӸӪģܺóԡ
ҪΪʳûʳ̫ãͷǿŲզڷĽⲻͻЩ
ȻһݣԼӶˡ
Ȼһҧ֭ĴӸЩĶĻ治
Ĵǰ˯ĺӸѬˣʶС̵ҪҪ
ĸҲǳԶ࣬СƤһι
̣μССˣСѾŵɳơ
ȻЦˣСһϽͷͿСڵܸܵмŸԼк
ѾþûûйԹԵѽ
ţˣ
ӳ;ˣҽһۣ¶ȿҩûؼˡ
·Ӫ꣬ĵϱͣһ£
ˣڸģȻҪˡ
áӪ꣬Ӧ׷㻹ӣÿҪݡ
˹Ӫ꣬ѶһݸȻһݸԼȥ˹硣
ãе𣿡
ɩСӣﶼʶҲȻ㶼Ҫˡ
һ
ʵҲĽ㣬һһӸ⣬Ľպû
зҪɽùģҴԼȵģҪ㣬ɩ˵ҪˣСˡ
һüһɵøԼϱϣмޣŰɡ
мޣҾĹޣҪĻ㣬أǮһߡ
ɴĸǮۻԱž͸ᵽſڵļ




60.   60    æ

߿, ѵĸԼһ裬ӳԣûȥһޡ
, ĸҰõĶ룬Ȼ·Ь, һϰȡһһš
, , ҲûɶģʱϲɶԼ򡣡
Ȼһþš
лл衣Ȼӹ, ͻȻĿڻе㲻Ӧ
ðĸοİȻ֣϶Цݡ
ؿѾˣĵȿţǰԼ¡  
ȻݾͿɳ˯˲档
ֱǰŵĸ걧ݡ
ȸͻȥԹԵҡװȻĶͷŶȥˡ
Ȼһ죬ڹˮ, ϴ˸ս裬ֱӾůıѡ
ѳͣԺ, ŲŽݣյ, ŽŹͿԼϱ˯СƵġ
ݸҴñ, ۻˣֻºֵľͷ, Сϴˮ£ӽȥưˮ
ϴ˸ս裬ѿŽεС̾§Ҳ硣
ڶΪû˴ţŴ˯ڶŵӡ
ѣԺ״̬һǸģ
Ȼ뵽ǽң˵Ķӣӹͳһԡ
ųȥݱţ̣žͿĳϵķУߵĲˣѷзŵȵ̨ϣľͷ
ǶѵģҪżζԺ۱㿴С˻˯һҸСĶͷСµء
ߵͿ̨ǰ𣬹̨ϷŷУ˰ɣȣȥϴһͺá
ţ
ҲԵģ˵׷Žķ˷ŸϰѷиǴ򿪡
˻𿪹ͲˣǱߴ˼ڴƽ׹ϼɰִ򼸸͵л
ĲᣬǰȻļѧ˸Ƥëġ
÷ݿ˿ȻûѣܵñҳȻļҾӷڱůš
˰˾Էˣϴ룬˷ֹȷ
ŰȻûѣһسǣСԺѷһûͷСҪģɲܸˡ
磬ûȥֻ
ϼƺϼƣСﰮɾ  ʰûȥϣ϶۶û
϶̾զȥͶˣ͸Ͳˡ
ȥǣǰѴ󶹸֮пıȴ󶹸óԣǵʱ򳢳
϶ϲԡ
У۸Ͻ⼸ֻʰˣϱûأҲҸżˡ
⻰еţӿ϶ûһʰɾˡ
ѼûȥԼϱһ
ݿȻڱأӦ˵ûѡ
û·ڱԼŪϺء
Ŷ̫ůͣȥ~ȻڱˣҲ
Ѵѵ֮ܵѶ§סС
ԣ˾˯ɡ
Ȼ§Ҵ·ȥԷ
áСĸϱ޿㴩ϣֵİȻɵķڲϣ
ԣҰѶýܵ߰ѳϵķһóñ䣬ְĿƵŰȻϡ
ŰͷӺᵽֽ֮ⷿϡ
ֿ˿ⷿϱƵı㣬һؼû㡣
ûȥĸŶˡ
ųԣãҲ֤ˣۿɶʱ֮һ£ԷҲ񡣡
Լóһˮ͸һ⣺ûȥԣҺϼƵʱۼҰء
ĸҲǣţУҰãⷿӰϹˡ
ˣƥо޵Ĳ賶㿴Ҳ·ʱŻøᶼ޴أ»ôõӡ
Ȼ˵žȥԼϱĶĺܣ˵ͼ㣬ȻҲӣ㶼Ѿ
ȻĵһԼȥಽĸںߣϱⲼ㲻ϲҪƥ
ָָһƥɫ޲
Ȼʲôϲ㲻ǻԸ򣬺˵ʱ·һô
һҲòô˵ǲ
ȻȰΪѵİŰȻ˰ƥ֮ϣŸԼó
үôõӣզˣĸ֪˵ôõӡ
ҲĸûѰְõĶ𿪣ȻҲôˡ
裬Űɣůͣ·ʱʱǴ
ĸŲϻȥȻ򿪰һȻǱ㺣ΣȻûиϰĴ󣬵Ʒʶǲġ
Ȼ˼Ρ
ȻůģһûȻ˳ҹȥͿ֣ͷأҲ˹ŵ⡣
ϱզˣ󡣡ԼϱĵĻϲ
ȻߵߣſϣѸݵߣ
Ѷ£ҧס⣬СӣһƬȣóԡ
һɶѽҲܹ
ǵϱˣɶҲϱСϡ
ҿǸͷʰˣ㰮ͷ𣬻Ǹϲ⣿
ϱԡ
ȻЦԾͷˢɾŶ
ã߰꣬ȥʰˣͷⶼýӿˢˢɾ
ʰȻڱϿָ֣ͷ޹ǣʣ¾Ͳˡ
ܵľЩԼշղϼƻǵɽ㡣
ԹԸȻ۰Ͱ͵ĵŹ졣
õŶ˵׷
ͷʾż
׷ȻŶǻģ̳һˣŪˡ
㹾ཹཱུðûˣһյľͽˡ
ϱԷ
ϴϴְѲʢȥҰͷһ£ʱùȥ㡣
ǳ𣿡
ܳԶ٣ɩҲȥ㣬źء
Ȼ˵Ű۾۳˴죬رóԣС̡  
۾Ŵнһҧ֭㣬ûôԹء
ó԰ɣԣѽ
꿪ʱѾõˣճ꣬Ļܹ
Ը۾
Ҳԣ˵˾ûӰˡ
УϹԣȻʵҲҳԣɷ˵ľͷŽ
ݣˣͷ£ʡùȥһһɩ
ţһţʱҸȥɩȥ
ͻ˼ңĸСһﻹЩû
裬Ҹõͷɩһ󱦸ѾԣɼͰҪȥɡ
ĸĴһɩģϽȥ
ûȥˣˣùĸס
ûȥϲԡ
Ƕõ㣡ֺûĸ˸װԲˡ




61.   61    »ҹ

ʱȻѾѷ, վſ̽ŵ
æ
ߵĿɲԺţֱݺߣϱ, ȳԷҰ˷
һٷ, ȳԷ죡Ȼܵ, ȥ
ϱ, ȵ£ѹƿûһę́ó
С˼Ȼûͨͱƭһȵ㡣
źһ~Ƿˡ
ǰ, ⼸ˣ⼸ڣˡ
Ϲɶʱ
ϼƺϼƣ ƿˣɣʮ϶ܻϱɽұ¡
ȻԼֲûڼҴעⰲȫ
̫Ҿܻ
Ҳȥ꿴, ۾Сǡ
ȥɣŶ~ȻŰǻɡ
СһһϹ
ǹ𻡶ȿŵƤСѾͷ
С˵, С˵ģԹԵر
극ϴͻ˯ˡ
ʰ, ߸Сˮ, ԹԵϴ衣
Ȼϴ㱻ѣϴ˸ս裬ݾͿС۾ʪ¶ĿԼ
, סʵۣ
Ȼֽܣ۵İС
һأҲ᲻ˣСü§ŰȻ۾
ڶһ磬ûѣ͹ĵֱ졣
ˣ
Ȼᰡ
Ȼ˻һϹˣ
ϱ㣬۲˴ȻһӦġ
Ȼſǻ۸ûסҧһСС죬·
ѰȻ·ŽůţݰŹʵߵİࣺ»ز˯Ҳ˯ᣬҽһɽ
ţôһǿĺúŶ
ȥȻտ֮ϵĲ˷˳һɽߡ
ɽǼżͷŵûͲһܿȥˡ
Ŷģ걳С֦һһģ
㣬ѵģȻ¡ĽҲƭƭСӡ
ؼ컹ûʰɾԼϱûѣСҩ࣬˿ڴĺף۵¡
˴֮ҩͿϣ⻹ȥϷһҽ˼ҴлԼء
Ϳ˿ڣ§ŰȻﲻֻ㻹궯СֻԼš
ȻǱѵģϱůģκ¯ȦԼо˿ҲˣߣȻ§סҪס
ƵĿǻСѾͷ۾ݺݵȥ
֮ԹԵȫȻûԹȻоۣĹ
˺С࣬˽һһιȻ
ȻĵǶӶĹģͷҪ˯
ŲȻͷѱƿϱƻˣϱҴˡ»ػҡ
ߣ
Ȼȥ
ԹԽӹͮͮСڴַ
Ȼһûµأûסֱ֮󣬰ȻȤҲ׷ſ
⼸춼ķﶼˣ֪㲻رԡ
һգʱ䣬Žǣ⻶ϲĺŽǣӦǴջûˡ
磬㲥øҸȥæϳԴ
ȻҲȥˣŸŮǰѺֳȻž䡣
ƳʦȥԻƼˣⶼĻ͸㣬һʮء
洬кüﳵ߼㣬ûʣµľһЩȱͷβˡ
Ȼ˿죬Ի¢أȻѾˣȻͶˡ
֮󣬴ӳ㲥ϷǮ
һ˾ųܵȳҲİ峵
ˣ꼸֣ڶǮȻʦҲǮв٣Ͷʳ
һٽﵾӣٽӣʮ󶹶ʮ̶ʮСס
ԻựϿһСˣõˣøǮˡ
ûֵ٣ȫǣĻҲһ
ǮʮϴķһģȻֻʮ壬Ϊպðꡣ
ȻһϺһצ㣬һƻһ㣬һһ𺣲ΣЩģһ˲ô࣬ҪãоǳԵҪ
һǮ˻ʮǮԻƻһ㣬ģҲǸֵġ
õĶƷʶߵûȣҲǲģϾ̫εĵһ춼˴ˡ
Ѿ߰˵ˣ춼ˣʳȥʣµľ촦
簲ȻӵڱȾͳˡ
Ȼ⼸æûú׽׽ϱϱ⼸ǷҵĶզ
ȻһԼ֪ӲģϹ~
СﾧӨӣԣϹҩǲˡ
ڲҩķŷȫԼˡ
ڶϣȻԺַڶϣоСӶǵģͻȻԼỳаɣ
иСĸоҲСѵʱˣעġ
§ԼİȻһ ϱϴ𣿡
ȻƣĵͷµضˮȻһĲɾ
⼸ѾҵС飬ǱСĴ󱦣⼸ǿ۾ܵˡ
Ҳɽºģ˼ˡ
겻žͷڵİȻп˵Ҳ
磬ͣˣȻƿҪ
Ҫƣ硣ȻŹԼ
ͷҲԼһеˣҪϱ̫ζˡ
ӦȻƣǿŰȻ񶼷⣬ȻֻԼ̸
Լ̸ĺǰȻϣϽŵ磬ȥ˯
ϱ㣬㲻𣿡
Ȼһҭһأֻϡ
УҪÿϣԷ㡣
죬ٶˡ
죬Ϣһ졣ΣգŰȻߣв̸ͬļơ
ãǽЪšЪһһ졣
á⼸ԸоԼˣСѾͷۡ
ǲݻˣȻԼݵı㣬²Ƕˡ
㻻ˮ·Ǹģ˵۾ֱӹȥС
ô˵ѽȻһԭüû˺ˣ춼ʮһˡ
ӣԼܼžͲˣǽ챣ֵǣԼǰ˵¹Ҳ벻 
Ȼʹһ£۵˻һԼϱֿݣҪ°뱲ӵҸ
۰ûʹҲ̫ˣ
Ȼһɻڵĺˡ
ͺˡСС֣ʹ
ȻΪˣʹҲ֡




62.   62    

Ϲ, ˵Ҷ᲻бǲզ죿
治֪ԼϱɵǹԼģݺݵҧҧģ϶б, һѡ
㵱һѣ
ţ㲻ҵСĸС, С, ǲһԼϱһСء

ȻĹĵࡣ
, Ҳǣߺߺߣ
ȻЦˣʲô˰, һû
ϲԼϱСһһЦԳԼĿϡ
Ȼָһ֮ԽԽˡ
磬ѹηŵѰȻϱߣϱָ۳Ե򵥵ġ
ϹҲԼ򵥵ģԽӡ
ԣպû˵廨⡣ĭǰȻڶ, һ൱ˡ
ϰȻʲôͼʲô׼ʵ顣
ͺ, ߦƤȻȻŽ뵽Ϲ, һڶе͵, ඳЩԾˣʡϻ𡣡
ţġ
С⼸ôûӰȻ⻹ͷһꡣ
Ҵ, ɽϣۺǼݡ
ǻͦѽùȥû
ùȥˣоУһȥǡ
Ȼ˵ԼԵģִķݱϹˡ
ʰӣùðȻࡣ
ϹۼҼҪûˣһ㡣
ţأϱ۽ʮǸһǸǣ
Ȼŷһ죺ôУģҪ벻þͿǣ˵ˣò׹겻ǵԱ𣬲ȻҪġ
§סԼϱϱá
ʲôҾǰŶ԰õģʱùȥ˲㣬˵ˣǼʲôʱԲ
һԼϱһǰԼôôá
ϱôãҾô㶼
Ϲ˷ҪԷˡ
˵سֱȥ˺ СԺ˶ˮǡ
ȥҼǱ߰кڸ϶ֿװԺȥ
Ȼ⻹ǵһԺ࣬߷С¥ⲿס¥ҲǶ¥
Ȼö˶ˣɩӸϽߣͿſˡ
ȻȻһĴȺ
̣Һ㰡Ȼֱǰס塣
Ѿͷôʱ䶼̣
ⲻæô
ǽզˣ
֪ɶģǰԼѾͨ绰ˡ
ɩҸҸֶǹ
һ׵ˣǾһ֦ᶼҪðˣ㣬븶ô黹˵ģڰǰһŸңôòңǲǰѸ̵ˡ
̣Ҵô
㣡
ΰþòҼҰߣģ
ȻϽתƻ⣬Ȼ²Ҫˡ
İǰҽҪȥСȥ£
ŻѪСӽаǽ㣬ԼС壺УһҴϱأ
ˣý϶һأҪǽزȥǡ
˶ɩҶ˵һŶ˵žʹŰȻˡ
Сզˣ
ɶӵԹϣ£㲻
װԺִŰȻԶȥ
Ϣڼźأû뵽ӾȻˡ
ôˣһ˵ﳵɩǻȥء
ո󵨸ǻӦڼң׼Ҵأ
ֶӱϡǹӡ
һһܵҪҰȻ
ԹŰסѲʱͷɥĿС̾ġ
һεĿԼܵܣˣǰСˡ
ɩ°ˣȥԷ˳ȵɩ
˶磬ǵ㹤ʿŸ̷ֶ۰ɣϰҳԽȥȥҼҿط㹻ס
ǰҪøＷֳɵġ
ǸðʵҲɬϾ벻ӸϱҲ̫ԣ
ڶûһɩͻˣ۵ùˣ˭ҳͣſˣ
ɩҼҵģϱޡ
üһɩڼܳ裬Ҳû˵ʲôĶ
ĽĳŰȻĴָüһһɵôҶһȦһûСأ
ҪӰ첻ãԼ޸ô궼û·Ҳóһƨɳβ
û⣬ȦУɩզô硣ȻųԿףϳ
ǰ˵ƣⲻ͸˴һİ࣬ҪȻﳵǻ֪һɶ״ء
ǶֱӻȥˡҪס޷Ž
УȥöСӵ̹ƿţСӡ
˵С찡ۼǮҲҲ̫ˡ
У򡣡翴ӣҲ֪ɶʱܸϡ
磬Ȼؼվһվ
ţȥǡ
ͷӣ߳ǲ۹ˣ
ǲǿˡκߺ߳ݣԼûСء
үүүүССİŴүү̼
٣߽ůů͡
⸸ûӣӾͽˡ
϶ǻˣԷûȥˡĸԼӣҲûǵķݰϽȥˡ
裬һȥСܼҳԣ˵Ӹأأ
һȥڼˣҲ˲㣬ⲻ㡣
УϺԺˣʱõ¡
£еǣ׼Ҳȥ϶ҪûǮ˵ܸӦ
裬ڹÿԣⲻǮһĸûѹҲҸϱǮˡ
ûԼ֮ϵﻹܸǮĸǮϣﻹµӦҲǸӵǮ
ĸ֪ĸ࣬ҲŵʱССҵԼϲˣеȢ˼ңϾ˶ԼϱƵԸʲôûеũСӵġ
УʳˣﲻԣҲż
óԼϱһ¹ʣðʮ궼࣬ǽճɺʳͶ㡣
裬Ҷ׼ˣðʮʱ۰ȥУӳԷȥ˰  
ȥɣϻסʰʰ
ãֱӸҵס׼ˡ
ȥȥɣǵط󡣶ˣ϶ܻ𣿲ҲУ׼ҼҳԵĺá
ĸЩģԼ˶ʮĶӣҲûٻǮ¶ֱզͳ˼ҵء
裬ټҾ磬Ҳ飬ȥҲ塣
ǰǾȥɡ
һһͻȻԼԴӽһ֮ÿ궼ԼؼңԼҲû
ͻȻ;ԼɷΪҸô࣬Լ绹Լɷܡ




63.   63    

Ȼؼ, û˹ĽӶûˣưǻˡ
ϹȥϺó, һϺʣԡ
, ҸߦƤ, ϺһǡⷿûһϺˮ, Ȼӡ
ۣⶼˣϴ֣źӸϱͿ˶ˡ
磬ź߾ϴ衣Ȼƿ, ɩȥϴ֣ŷ˶Ľˡ
ۣˮݵϺɶأ
ùҸˡ
ϱø룬ֱӸˡ
˿ϺߣûһһϺʾʰˡ
Ǻˣߦûһߦ
ߦҸ˶ֻߦƤ, ⻹ǸȻѧء
ϺʵզûԹء
ɩʵڼҲɻ, ǰӻǻģǰӵĻҲ, ϾǮء
ٷһ, ȻϺʰȥ͸ƽʱһζһĺá
ȻĽӶǴСǰײ, ĽǱǴɩĽССرࡣ
һŷʽһݽмһųӣ̲סЦ
Сܣӣ¹ﶼóƬ
Ƭþ͸ССԣ
ҶڳɶܳԣԼ԰ɣ
˸ۣϱ~
ȻһѾ᣺ϹҪ۱ѧˣûǸ츳
ߣҳһߦȼ˶ЦˣǵĻôȥ
ߦĿҲ죬ûһͰƤڰɾˡ
һֱлͲӣȻֻܵ
굽ؼҶ׼ʱð˻һݾͿʶһĿڡ
Ҳɿ꣬ŵĸȻһģӿ̳Ĺƾǰˡ
ǰɣĶ硣
ãɩãȥҽˣ˵СһˣҪǳζҲ̫ˡ
㣬ɶʱðҺö
żŻţ˲ܳԣȻۡԵĶ࣬զͲء
˾ܳŶȻЩˮ
ãȥˡ
Ϲ̳ˮȥӣ
ϺڽӴŵۣͦÿǲ֪óԲ
ίԼùͼһƤͣϺʵ𣬾ȵĿȻʣµһ봵ιȻ
óԣϱ»ذӶϺʡ
զóԣŴͿ͵ԣýӡ
óԣһָһԼġ
òÿóԣ
ǷˣǰСӶ
ȥӽԽӡ
ɶǳԺãȻԲͣžС
磬õͷһء
˵ɶأϽó
Ȼ˹˹ĵһ˶ƫˣ˶࣬ͷʣˣ䵹ûˡ
˵ͷҲܺóԣȻһбƬûжӲһ롣
С𣿸ȥԽӡ൹ѵ㽴ýݡ
ϺڵĽó԰
ɩ棬һһͣ
ϺʵĶûˣʣЩģɩе飬˸ˣڻʣġ
춼ˣȻһĿڰ˰ڣϴӸ죬Ӵûô
ɩСϹСıɣ
ĺˣǲΪίõġ
簲ԼϱžԼܵǲŽжϱãԼǾְѡ
§ϱϱ֣ϱ˽ôӡ
ͦϲġȻǱȽϲѵģϾǰʲôûС
Сţţίˡ
лһҪϱȥĴúɽԼСӾһС硣
ȻӺܺã˯˯˳ԣҵ̫ˣر̫ˣĻȥˡ
ȻѾСĿ꣬һѡһѡְ꣬ԼӮ
ͷð˯еİȻ뵽Լˡ
һҹΣڶ˯˯ͻȻѣһ֪ȥˣ촩·ڱ
ȻһȦһӦûѣ֪ˡ
·ѱãȻϴĹˣһˡ
ϹʲôȥˣȻˢﺬ˵
ûʲôϱ໹˼Ե㡣
Ų˵ԼΪһȥܲɢء
ţʢһ㣬еײĭ 
Ե㣬ȻһԲȻ˵һǸʢһǺõİ󵰡
Ŷ~ȻԹԳԷҲò˶ðɡ
ȻϺ£ʱ鶼ţҲݰϯɶġ
ȻȥʱԺҲ˺öæء
ҲæĲˣ˵ӵʱҲ඼ˣĸĲҲˡ
һͷˣһײ˷һϺһ廨ʡ
ȻǿԲȻ˸ϱš
ȻŲžƿӾͰľƣȻʶȻ͸ں߽պ
֪ɶǶдúֽš
˱߸͸߷ǣȻҲûжˣһܽ
һ˶ˣҲЪᣬŰȻܵԵ油油
Ϲ𣿡
ϱʮ㻹һʮ㻹һϻԲ
ȻŹֲþأüһԭкü
Բ£ԡȻϺԼżԵ㣬֭˳ϸָ£СˮϴϴԣһԣˣЪᡣ
ǵһμȻױӣ黯ױŮ˿٣͸о˰滯˺ƨɣȻ˵ױɸһ
ڿԭ۵С޴ˣľֹס
ǲױİȻб뱣ǻ谮ڵİȻһַռе˼롣
⸸ĶˣûҲˣм֪÷Ҳˣѹû񼸸ˡ
˵ģǽǴϲӲԸֻȻǴȥһСQûꡣ
ǰԼֵܻ˵÷ٱ⸸̰ۣоٱȻףǰߵľ²飬˭Ҳ̸ڵļһ
⸸ںҲƢ֪಻ĻҲǴˣ궼գ֪඼û
Ͱ֪ĸˣϾǰ⸸ǲɻڴŸģҲӦû뵽ֱˡ
سʱ͸ǣسȫֻǺӸûͶգǲͣҲûа취Ȼȥʱ֪ࡣ
ǻ֣Ҿ͸ǷԭʱͲֵ֪ܷܲôõĵطˡ
ʵҲƢοʱһҲûһһڴ˼ҵߣ˵޹ʾٱͶٻأ˲֪Ҳ֪
˼Ҵ˼ֲɵ֪Ǿٱģ˼ҰѲøǵջҲû취
ϾȫǼģ֪Ҫѹ
ֻ֪֮޾ĺڣ÷ֹ⻷仰Ͱ




64.   64    

һһ, ûˡ
ȻǵһӣһһӸģԼӺ, ǱԼС㡣
ǽűֽѾƣʲôû, ᵽȥˡ
Ӻܸɾ, һһ, ܿǰѧϰġ
ȵĶˣĸϣЪ۳ԸԲ
衣
ĸ, ѾԼڿˣԿģͷ~
Ȼ̾ŰѰܣȥõ÷𻨣ڳţƤֽţȥ
Ŷã
ȻϣͷԼϣİĦ, ͷۡ
ֱߺߣһ˯ˡ
Ȼ˯, ùͷȥԼŵµù÷ˮ
զˣɩæʰ, ͿȻ 
ȥ
, ɩĸãҸѾƲ衣
ãˢˢĸˢ˱
Ȼ˹ˮ÷𻨶Žȥˡ
Žȥɶɩͦġ
ɩ, Žȥ÷𻨣ԼɹͿԣˮȶܺõģһơ
ô򵥣պǰһһ÷ǰϲᶼʱ𻨡
ţɩԸۺɽ髣ģȵġ
ü¡
ϡĸһһ̨
ÿպһף裬۶ϲˮȣҾ󡣡
У϶ҵģҸȶİѾ˽ȥ
衣ɩͿŶ˵ĺںĽ
ɶ
һ㳢ؼҸ󣬽θʳġ
С
裬Ҹ˽ȥ˰Ȼһ𻨶Ѿͽݡ
Ϳţַֻǰߣ󹷹һԹĿԼ
ô~Ȼզ죬£ֿɰġ
ʲôȥˣȶɵģԴת֪ϱڸǰ
ԹԵŶˮȥˣȵֹ˯Ŷ~
ŶҪϱ˯
źã˰ɡ
Ѿ죬ȵڶ룬ֺȲȥֻܹԹԱϱ˯Աһ
Ȼ쵹ûôۣô̵Ľë˵룬Ӣͦı˱Ĵ˹ȴйƦ
ǻӵȴǸ˵ģȻ뿴۾ӣһ˹
ȻĸôȴиԼֶȴġ
ҲͦãϾٺÿҲס׷
ֱڣѵ㣬ҲѵĲųԲ
ʵǼһԸһ£ĸ˰ȻһٿǮȻǮҲûϾʱҲһ١
ڱ˶ǼƽϵģȻ˼Ǿڵ
.  ԹĸѼͻؼңȻòײŸŵϣЪͱק
ϴ裡
һϴһûȾƣһѾˣȫװġ
ȻûŤһͷˡ
ǳѾˣղŸɵ£æˮϱɾԼϴɾоûоζֻбζŸϿ
ڶһ磬ɵջ𣬸þ߳
ȥͿ󵨸糵ͣſڣ磬ɩӻȥ
ⲿϾͻݣϾүĶӣ岮ֵܣ֮ŻȥҲǺȵġ
ţȥˣһ𰡣ϰأ
ˣһɩͻȥȥһ١ͷľϳˡ
Уİɣ㿪
û£ȳխ·ɩӾͿˡ
Ȼᣡΰ漸죡찲ΰ涼ˣС̥ģֿǽһң޲ñͷʹһ
ϳɶҲôΰУСҴˣ
ûӦأ˳ವľͿˡ
һˣһôԼϱ˵ԼС˵¡
ȻԺѹɩѾˣ֪Լ˸Ҳżˡ
ɩ磬ҵأȻһû껹ͦģѵ⺢һˣ
Ǹ󵨸糵ȥϰˣҰ껹۵˵ɡ
զˣΰ˰ɣȻСܸɳ£ʱ˲һҪ˼ҴСܣ˱ġ
⻰ͷɩ¶ˡ
û£ʱҶ뵽ˣȥɣҪġ
ãһ֧ȥˡ
кһЩƷٸǮƱ
ţģ㻹ȥ 
ȻһҪ֪ڴߵ˶תעŲöɩ쳣ġ
ӱǼ⣬۾գգ͸¶ĵ˼
ȥͶɩȻĹĵóһСӣסһ൱ˡ
ûˣҲûʰȻǰݶĶʡң춼ɹɹӽռϴ֮׻ȥ
ıֿĸӽռϴϣ࣬ǻɾ˵ˮˡ
ŲŻԼ˵㡣
ϴϴҲһ˾ͰԼҲϴˣ˿ʲôûɣʵʲôˡ
ϳԵɶأǶ˰첻ǳԾ˯ȻСһ꣬뵽øְȻóӡ
һⷿͿкüǣǸɾģȻóһдӸóһֻ
ݷŽռⶳ֮óѼǼӵƬȥ֮ɰ
ȥĭ˸ֱ֭½ȥǹˣȻ˸ֲ¯š
׷ǾˣƽʱˮֱӲ𷹣мֱü
ĲСţȻпԼ¯ˡ
Ҫˣʱ㶫ˣʵʲôԵĽڡ
Ҫţ̾ͺˣ»ȥɡ
ʲôʧأ
ؼҾͿСһӡ
ϱʲôأʲôóԵˣ
Ϲ»ظûһͰţ̺ò
аҾȥһ˺ò
Ȼҡͷżһûôأզ
ãˡ
û£ڷ棬ѧϰúѧͿˡ
šһܵƿǾͿߵĴӣ
ϱǸɶ
Ǹ׷ѷóѺμӽȥƿڷŽȥ˻
ԣȥţСְصϡ
ţӵεζŶ
õģ˳ֵ£򵥵ĺܣ˵ζоϴϱĲ˾ͰǼ̳ǸпٷŽ
ٵһн͵֭۶֭ļ⣬ǵϴΪ̫ϻؼҲҸСһˡ




65.   65    ̵

Ȼ׼֭, ȻϺˣϺ
ɰ˽ո֭, Ȼʢ׷
ϱȾ𣿡
Ȼȥ, ˸, ỹ, һƾ
ȣ
ȵɣԽԽˣر䡣
ȻҲ, Ǹһ㡣
ϱҽڹ翴ģ˵㣬жҶƻ
ģһữԣ䣬ǻյĶеɡ
ţÿⷿȥˣһһ㣬궳ͷɴˡ
, ͷˮ㣬ůθȻһֱ׷, ʢṴ̃׵ļ
ţϱ, ̫ó, һûԹأô۶֭
»ػȺС
, Ҷᣬ˵ϱһȶˡ
ţģԷ磬һǰȥɣʣĲá
Ȼûʢ˵һˣǼø˼ȥȥʱд͵Ǹ
û£ɶģҲûԶٻʢԵģǲҲУһܳһ١
ãȰɣʱٸһ
ãҸ͹ȥٸȥǱǸ
ҲС
˷ʣļ˵ңʵ˻ûôԣǸγԵĵǶ࣬Ҳ˲٣ʵ˺ȵĻûа
죬·һҲûУӶŹ̵ɰߣһ·Ʈ
⸸ոͿǰߵԼӣΪɶڴϳΪȫ۱ȻƵģĶܡ
ۣ
ɶȥˣ 
ⲻȥ£ˣ꿴ܲܶӰЩĵضˡõɶ
Ŷؼ˵
ŶŶߣӣһûȥƻһȥ¹ء
Уһٸˡ
ˣɶʱҸȥתתǹ͹ȥڶæޣǸզʱĲ̫óԡ
УҲᣬϻؼȻȻ˵ҺϼưǰԺʯͷһ˰
õģһһȦүһ
һӣʱ˹ŮҪǸɹզ졣
ǲɵӴ첻ƿҲûá
ˣôϼƺҲô¡
ĸڳӰأſŷͿү߽
ۣզһ
裬磬ϱõǼ˺ģҸ˹ø衣
Լɶӻûһûȥϳԡ
軹˵̵ص¶˵ŹҪȥˡ
ۣô࣬ɩһ򣬻Ӹӳԡ 
ĸָװЩòסˣֻһˡ
ҸǰԺһ֣ڱȻǽˣ̫Σգϱġ
ɩ·ݴˣҲɻһѰˣʱء
磬ɶأ
ⲻҪջզˣ
磬̵£ϱĺǼģӣϾͱˡ
ҵѽװĲ˻һأ㻹
綼ˣѵǮԼǲǵøһ»ʳ
ʣģǸɩӵġ
ɶҵģ۵
˴ɩһȥԷˣõĽӣøõǼȥ˰
ǴɩҲȥˣҺϼҴ깤ɵ
Уⶼû⣬º硣
˴磬Ҷ̶ʱҰǮԻȥ
УϾ͸ùȥһȥݶʱݵ㡣
ˡ
ߣ
һһؾѾˣԺ￴ĵƴţǸԼģĨۣͺ񲻹ʲôʱؼҶһյΪԼġ
ѽӷŽⷿݿһͰˮȺأСƸϴ裬ЩˮԼҲϴϴ
ϴְϱ·ˮ̹֮ϴϴϱĲŰԼҲϴˡ
·Žݣûƿһ㶶Ҳûƿе𣬿϶ϱԼһ˸Һˡ
˯ڰ￴ݶͻȻˣϱԼ̫ŸԼȵǼ
ʲôԼ챻Ļõֻл
Ȼѵ˯̵ͣ˸Ĥ̵˯Ȼѡ
Ȼ̹ĲУϰҪȥˣˡ
Ľ˰ӣͿ˯ü˳ȥȻǸԼϹ緹ɡ
ⷿⷿûлһȥŴްҲֽĸо
ץѴϺһֻצǰ鼯ӻһֻһֻзȱ
˽ӣӦûġ
̫˸ϽܻݣůȻŸоѪҺͨˡ
Ȼ³һ߶ȿⷿůȵҪްѵ
ȻëΧȹѺˮϣϴڹš
ϺϺߣзȥ㺣ȥǣȱý˿Ͼϡ
ʣµĴϺȻ֮ϺһϺ
࿪֮󣬰ȻõĺʵһҲĨͰѽһİ֮󵹽ȥһ뱡ˮϹǼ
һ߽࣬һеСлֽôûأ
ȻߵڸҪͶһ˫Թ۾˻ɵİ¡
Ϲ~Էѽ~ʲôʱģҵȵ춼ˣ
һ뻹ԼԼϱˣ˲ˣϽ·§סȻ
ϱԲϹˣ»Ϲȥˡ
ţԷˣ
áӹȻĻðȻȥ
ȻĽݣŤͷƤͷعС۷һأ
ʢӵ͸лƿƽ׹ĹǣͿߴŻƵļȣϱ߰۵ģǽƵģһȥһŶˣֱӿµĻƻֺÿء
ûԼϱ˰
һɰ˽ȥϾȻһϱݵǸϺ
ȥ˽Ӹ֭Ȼʢ̵ĺ࣬Լĺʷŵر࣬һȥȫǸɻ
 ~ ϱȣպ֭Խ塣
ԣһϲ͵ģ㶼԰ɡ
ţ֪Լϱϲϲ͵ģԼȽϲġ
ϱҽ˴ҰһԺˡ
ʱ϶𣿡
аһЪϢ˼죬ǰ⼸컹оŸǷأǴﶼȰһǣϼһǿ϶ǲ꣬Ҳס⼸춼ػˡ
߹䣬ҲûɶЩʮԺܿˡ
أûɶϵϹҪԷ
ôɩҲҳˣһ
һҹȥ˵һ㡣
Ʋðⶼˡ
һһüүǳԲͻһ£Ǳˡ




66.   66    Է

֮ǰ, Ȼʰʰϴ·Ҳˣսñ
Űһûķһ, ȻŰ£Ǻ, һװһ, Ű, ҷǱȥʱ·
šһװʵܼ򵥣š˿, һᵽûйһǣϱҸӵģ˵ǰǴС㶼С
ʰߺŵĶһ֣ȻȥţȻ⸸ˡ
˰Է𣿡
ˣûԱ⸸ݾͰЬˣЬ, ҰҰ졣
ǰճʣµԸԸ
УҶԸһھС
ϵôһ˵֪ϱ, ˽ȥɣƴûء
, ȻҪ, ЩԱ
û£ˣɡ
ǰŸհ, Ŵһˡ
ۣҪĶ
籧һᶹݡ
磬Է𣿸һԵ㣿
ԵԵ㡣
˰ʣİˣ극Ű峵ȥʯͷ
Ȼ޴¶ڿⷿһɶ
ÿŵŹǣȻȣⰲȻˣˡ
ü㣬ȻŶСܽˣʵ̫ˡ
ѶˮﻯȻϽˡ
ߵĶ̹ǵĺȻû뵽ԭôԵڲյĶࡣ
ҪˣȻһôûǻ
ĶˣŹǰȻҲûУ±ˣǺһˮ֮ٹ
ΪʱⰲȻѿ㶼պĲ±ŷֽϣӺںȻֱӷŽȵĿ
Ǽгһڸղŵ±֭֭ɰײһ֪óԲǼǵóʲ˾С
֮ڹˮɷŽͷǰȻʵöصóôóԵĽۡ
ƻӾͺãȻôнˮˣҲû£Ȼ˵˿˸˿
ĶȻ鿪ȥˣĿġ
ŲûģȻ˵ĭŶ
Ҳҿ߹࣬Ȼ֪ôˡ
ýռ֮ſ﷢֮óҲӵ¡
һ棬Բ֮ȻߦɸһߴıϣñǱˣǲ֪Լզˡ
ʣһ棬ȻŪ˵Ск͵һĻһĺǻÿ϶Ÿ˺Ҳˡ
1  2  ٣1  2  ٣ȻȥһҼ˸ͷǺµƬʯͷء
ƬʯͷȻγɵģˮĹ⻬˶Ƿ̵أ˵ǴȻ
ȻǻõһᣬݾͰˡ
ݹȻǾʣһˣȻ·˵磬ȥɩԷ˾ȳԣڹ
ţİɡ
ȻߵĸңԹϲǽأԶ
裬𣿡Ȼդ߿
ˣůͻ
ȥˣźҼҳԷȥɩ
ã
Ȼ˵ǰȥĸҲӴްżߡ
ɩӣǸɶȥ
ǰҰֹȥæǵúȥԷ˵ˣⲻȥǻõȡ
ȥȥ˿˿ĸıӰƲƲ죬ˣ˼ϱԼҡ
ɩզջˣϰҳԷȥ
˵ã⻹вأǸҳһھС
Уûõģ˶ڣȱʲôﻹôæɻ
󱦴Ѿ촩·ŶȥԷ
ŶƵĻݣղСһͰſţǿĵı
ɩЦҡҡͷ治֪⼸զǺá
Ȼûڼң⸸Ӷͦ棬Ьϣ˺Ҳû￴˳
ݵĴ򿪹ǣ˶ˣˣ۹ɶӰĽˣ
Ļŵһȫ֪ɶôôĲˣƿǾͿŵķ棬һҲûԹˡ
ǻһķŽñʱˣҲô˵Ų˵͸пˡ
ôԵģʳŵõطܲ
ܵⷿóһ۵ӸѵӸƴ
үһһ㶵ġ
֣ʢˡ
Թ㣬˰ϻ˿ˮγȥ˿֮ͶȥＸ˶ڴ֭Ŷˮ۹͡
һһĸүһһ㶵ġ
˰̳Ƭ࣬Ȼû
żԼϱٲԼզճǸǵһãɶϱ
ǰȻûٻɩء
ˣϽȥһԼлˡ
ĸЦˣТӣСһȻңԼСЬ͸ĸó
̣ЬЬ
̣
СѾɻĿԸ⻻Ь̣˵̣ɾ
ĸŵ˽ϵЬڿأŻؼԼҲɼ˫ɾ
⻹ĸһؽе㲻ҽǰʰĶã˿žмҵӡ
ԼǸСӣϴֱûȣ˻Ǹʵˡ
Ѽ˶裬ϱɩզû
䣬󱦴Ѿ˳ܽݹԹԻСЬ
أ
أߵأ
ȻҲûȥûһͽݡ
磬ǸûóأȻɨһûš
֪ûأȥá
ȥȻҲûժðŶ˳Լ֮ǰѾֽˣһߵĿִղܡ
Ϲпͷ·
һߵ⻹۵ĳͣϱһ
ȻùһŹҧһڣţߺô࣬úóԣ㳢
Ȼһ쵽ߣ˳ҧסû뵽ζûԹģһӾ͸ˡ
ϱһڡͷȥ϶ͣ
ó԰ɣһܳԱˡȻιһڡ
ͷһҶܳˣŹ⡣
ɶ㶼ˣĸ鴰϶⻰ˡ
ûУ
˰ȻһۣӶЦ
һӴŹǾˣû⻹ôԡ
ſԣﻹСŰȻ¡
ײôôãײô
ɩײ˾ɹһ£Եʱһ¼ɣ֮ͺóˣˮ֮һ¶óԡ
ɩɳԲˣţۣûӳԲˡ
ӵǺǰĸû뵽߾Ȼڣһζ
һԼùһǣǺڣеóԡ




67.   67    

Ȼû˵첻, ӡ
ԵĺãɵҲãʱһʯͷ⸸˾, ƻ
æ͵ϣһ, ʣµĵڶҲˡ
ϵķû, ȥ򼸴
ϱȥ, ȥ¡ԼϱӦǻȥϾⶼüûȥˡ
ʵȻͦԸ̯ŵģҲž͵ð, ȥʡġ
š뵽һ쿴ϱѰ
ڶһ˺࣬ǰϱԼѾİˡ
صǰֹԼԷǿȻܼϱԼ첻ǳĺģھڿⷿԼ°ϱˡ
ʵ찲ȻҲ, ǾĸеԽˣԼóԺúȵд, ͷá
ǾԼԲõ, ǳԿֻ, õˡ
ȻŨĺζǹһĨȣԼٵһ⣬üˡ
, ԰డȻ·˵ߡ
ţϱˣ۲̫̫һʶ̫ˣߵġ
ϱۣϱˣϵⶼûˣҲ˲١
裬ôأ⼸첻ǳԵô㿴Ҷˣÿ
̾Լϱ
ϱֺĺÿϱ㿴ܸŲӣ⼸⳦ӹҵһˮûˡ
׼ˣһŹǸó
ϱ~
ףҶûˢ~
ǺǣҲ
ȥ·Ͼдߣ·ѹĽʵƽ̹һ͵
궬һֱûôѩҲ̫ˡ
ǲˣȥˮ㻻ˮ
Ӫ꣬ȥһˮˮָϱ·
ˮ೧Ҫĳֿһʱ³ҵ˳ߵĺС
ֵܣһܸ㵽ˮࣿ
ûȥ͸ֵһ̣Լ飬ϱţԼϱϲǸζ
ҪĶ಻
࣬ҲͶ
㰡͸𣿡
㿴ܸװ
Уȥ˸ȥ
͵ǰֿڣһȥȡ
ҲڳԺڣһһеĹأ֮ǰѳƿˣԼϱʵᱻ˷֣ԼαװѾϰߣܿ͹ˡ
ǮһȦ͵ֿͣĳϵˣҲܿǱ
Ǳ߶͵ǰ֮ˣȥˮᳵϱ㷴һȦ
磬˿ģûǾ߻Ǳȥˣʡˡ
ˣвУñӽ䡣
ŰȻְѳưϣǲҪ鷳
ϱȳԵ㷹ȥȻһȦ
߰ɣȻӰ
ã˲ӰϧˡϱҸ㽲߹Ӫĳʦ쵼ⲻ˾ͻϡ
ǿҪˣȻûԹķǶϱӵˣóԵ˭أ
ŰȻʱûжˣһϵļ۸֪ԭһ㶼ӪëǮ
칩Ӧʨͷëһݣëһݣǹˣʱۿɲй칩Ӧ⼸
ʨͷһһ𣿶һ𣿡
ȻѯǮĴ㡣
ǣʨͷĿ飬϶ԡ
ǺãÿһҪ档
һëǮƱһƱ
ȻǮΪǮȻˣڼﰲȻǮǸ㻨Ǯڵ˵Ѿ㻨Ǯˡ
ڴŶ~Ȼ棬С˵š
СͷͷԼϱҲǸСèˡ
ʨͷӦֳɵģûһͺƱȥˣ͹Ҫһ
˻̳ӣȻСĵĴ򿪣˲ζ˱Ƕ߹ס˶ζɫĶʵĵݣһоͲΡΡģֻʢ
ڼŨڿǻըпڲ׷ͺˡ
ˣ
պļʱȻϸϸһ㵭ŵ۲һӽ˶壬ֱꡣ
ϸ緢˿ȴֱͨζü͵һŴζֱζ١
ʨͷҿǵļζȻſ϶ǵ峺̶Ⱦ֪ʦЩˡ
ʨͷȭͷôһһڱɢʶ壬ߴӦ㣬𶼿ڸղܡ
ϵģȻζǵЩԼϲĸоҲǳԶˡ
ϲΪ治ԣҪ˶׷źԵ㣬İȻˡ
ϱ۰Ͱ͵Сèۣһװ֭׷ϷһС⣺ţͳһڡ
ãȻһڰ֭׷˲Ҫ죬ֱҲ̫óˣȻ׷
ĵӰԺûʲôˣЩѧĺӣȻڹƬԭġ
˶ѧѧ˵ģһⶼûУû뵽ĵӰҲ̫ˡ
Ŀ֮ȻʮôһԼǸذ
֮ʲôһĶ
Ȼ϶ǸܺӵĶ硣
˿ӰĴŰȻٻ¥ȥ
ߵİٻ¥ûбǵĺǿ϶ģһ¥ҲǵģȻŷֱǵĵҲˡ
Ȼһ˲٣磬һȥ꣬ʱСΰҲۼ档  
УǸøӻˣȥţͰţ̡  
  ţ
꣬ʹڲ϶ϲ
ٻ¥вɨģȻоɶУǺɶûأ
Ϲڣ
ã
ϹСС˺ÿɰϲ
򣡡
·ϲ죬֪ܴܲ
򣬵ʱ򴩲ۼҺӳ󴩡
ϹҸоҲܴ
Ǿ
Ϲ㿴ǲҲܴȻֿһ׺ͮͮް޿㣬һȦëžϲ졣
ںô˵
ǾڼҴ
áǳ鴤齩Ӳѵ³һ
ҵ찡Ǻ«óŶȻһ׶೤ĴǺ«ˡ
һ
ȻæҡͷԼϲġ
Ӹʱ
Ȼһ仨ɫĶ
򣡡
¥¹ˣȻֱһӵ¥ϡ
¥һȻ¥µĲ࣬ûֻи
Ȼ˷վѥСƤѥ
ãƤЬһ¿𣿡
ۻԱ˵ͷԵ̬ȣȻر˫ðǮ




68.   68    ţ

ȻƤѥ, պúϽŻʡ
Ҳһ˫һ˫38ġ
˫ЬȻקְһȦ
Ҳûɶ, Ϊİٻ¥㣬ľгһЩˡ
Ȼֵ, ˢ, Ķþ, պûˡ
Ȼ˾ͻصͣ󲿷ֶͣгү, ëǮүϿš
뿪վȥӪƷֻкӻ֤ܶţ̡
ʵţ̵Ĳ࣬ϵʱǶˡ
ͬ־ţ̵𣿡ԱǸСһߺ
ҼԶһͰţ̴ȥ
ǸТ˳ģҪ֤, ˿һƬТģȥůɡ
ͿԼϱԼ, һСģǴˡ
ЦһС°͵⣺, һͻˡ
ߡ
Ц, ˴ˮͰ͹ȥ˵ǹԱҲû˵ɶʹˮͷȥ
Ǯ
һůһëʮů, ҾһǮɣҰᳵȥ
Ǯݸˣ˸鷳ŮʿϱڳأҸôƯŮʿһҪԴˡ
֪ʲôʱԼϱҪţ̣ɲܰ˵ˣԺţ̶ҪߣϾһũ塣
ҪԼСţУϱܺţ̡
ͰںߣľӲ
ϳϱĹĵСôأԹԣ  
ûǿ㳤̫ÿзģ
һ~
У㳤òÿҲŲأ
ᣬǻ˵СҪһڡ
ѽϽؼˣ
ߺߡ
ȥһȦ
ȥˣĶˡ
ûȥ﹩磬ֱȥ˼Ժ
ȻģҲͶӡ
ⲿҾ͸ڼңΪӻˣһȻ
զˣĺأһҪ˰ɡ
ⲻ븶ˣμιѼҰ
ţⲻţҲԸ
̣㿴ΰҼզ
ԣɩǸʰˣȥǱû⡣
ԣ廹ҰأҼסҪǮô£ǶԲ쵼 
̣ҲҪǮ
㲻ҪԺͱҸ̣
~ɩ
úϽţøˡ
ȻǱ˵ȥķ⡣
ΰһͿȻˣе㼤е
㣡㲻ǽһȥİɣ
ܣǵģ
ȻѧŰĸӸ˼˶
㣡ԱҸֿ𣿡
Ȼͷԡ
ҿԲˣ
ԣ
ȻȻڶҪˣӣΰһȥ
Ŷ𣡺Ŷ
СһˣҪȥȻֻܸ˸忪ӻؼҡ
㣡㶼ɶˣ𣿡
ˣΰһһأؼҸǡ
ۣۣ
ЦЦеĽСӵͯ꣬ԼСʱԼϱÿ챧ŹԹСöá
ǹСʱ͵ôԼȰɣ
ؼϱŽأ
ۣ
СһĲУǰֵĲС
ˣˣݣҰѶȥ
šȻæܡ
棬ȥŶ~
ӸŶϣѾ͸ˣȻģŽռ֮óֱӽ䡣
ֵⷿЩһϺˮﻯϡ
ӣȻŻ׷ӵĺóԡ
ⷿóһŻӡ
ȻĲ࣬ͰͰ˽
һͰҲиٰʮģȻû뵽ôࡣ
öŶ
ţеࡣ
Ȼţ鲻˶ʱ䣬취
磬ѶŪ𣿡
Ūˡ
ϴϴְϺˣϺǹˣҰţ̴ˡ
ţá
Ȼ̳һţ̣ңԭ֪ܲܳɹͲ֪ˡ
ùˮָȥЩ̣ȻһļӰ״ף֮ѽ̳һĿּһ飬̳һ顣
̳һ´ӣϹϴϴ£ɻ
ãϺˣȻ̨֦
զŪ
һҵȥ⻬Ұ᲻е
áһҵߣӾͿʼˮҡ
˰СʱŰ⻬ȻҪ֣һӱȥ
УȣզŪ
ǰСݣһݶȻ߶ϾС
ã㲻֡϶֮һһԲͳˡ
ʮС˺ü´ɴӣõֽⷿ϶
֮Ȼһţɱ̯õ¶Ȳߵĵطء
ŻаͰţ̣ȻһֱӷŰ״ף֮Ƶɴ˳壬ֱˮ
֮Ȼһţ̣Ĳ࣬һɰĲûעʱ򣬰ȻЩӡ
ŲʮȣȻͲջˣֱӰɰʵŽ
Żвţ̣һ߹һ߹ޣ졣
ЩѾˣСʱȻһͰţˡ
ĺŹҲˣ֭ŸŹĨϡ
Ȼʱ˴Ϻ˴ϺľѹĺòãǴ֭ȥʱ
Լϱ˴ϺϻڱǳԵ֭Ϻÿġ
֭ζŨ˴ϺͰ߷ӹˡ
СϴϴȻѲ˶ǰŹһп߽ƽ࣬߻ֱ֭ȽϺݣζһ档
ȻϵĲһȫ֪߲ɶܵһݲˡ
ȻݲõĿռݲ֭ӣζȻûа̵ڣҲǳóԵġ
ݽݵİܲܲ۲˶ǰȻϲģҲֻһ̳
һᶹǻûأˣԹһģԼˡ
ԷŶ
ˣ ˵Ҫܣһ
ʲôϴɾǸɶȥˣŶһᣬȥˣ
զҲ겻̬࣬Ҫˡ
õҽ£ҲУأ
֣Ҫ㡣
˵ô˵ĭϴɾŷȥԷ
ôôã
Ȼ˵СһûƵϣᶨһҲ顣
ЦˣɶȥˣһƵġ
ȻȥСһЦˡ
ȻҪˣСһͲɺ¡
Էˣ˵ǡ
ۣã
ۣŶҵĿˮҪסˣ
ϱأǺǡ
ӹͷԼϱ߽ԸĽѾãպ֭ˮǰȻϲġ




69.   69    ѩ

þû׷, ǼŹǶѾʼˡ
Ƥ׷ų, Źǣ˴ϺֶȫĿǷΧˡ
׽ȻĻЦ, һߡ
ڶ, Ȼû, 𴲣һϺ֮˼򵥵ĺ࿴Ȼû, ܵߺˮĨҡ
ĨѾŵ࣬ȻûȴڱԵġ
ֻܰקȻǲҽеġ
ţ̣Ѿˣϱ˵̣ƾζǲ֪ܲܳǸ߸߷
ϱû, ǲǳԶˡ
ʢ࣬Ľ, Ϳϱڱﹰȥ
ϱԷ~
ߣȻϱŤ
, ̺Ŷס, ĸϱ߶ƮһŶ~
Ҵ·
á
Ȼ𴲣Ѿһ̶̳˹ˡ
磬ü, һԣҼǣӦûܺóԡ
еұֳ
Ȼʢһ׶Ѿ״̣û뵽ڴﻹͦɹġ
ȻԼʢһ룬ʢ뺰ӳζģȰĺóأ
̣ȻоҸ˵İȫС
ϱرϲζеڸе㴼ԺǵøСţ̡
ϱԱ𣿡
ţҪʱˣȻû
Ȼţϱߵĺ̳˼˫Ӿһֱ򣬲СʱŴ״
Ȼ̳ŽɴţһһĴ۵ĸ첲ʹϾˣȻŷŹ
磬㻹ôѽ
ɣоԼ첲ˡ
ȻϺߣһ˰Ľӣʵˣڿϲˡ
ϱҰ~
ܣҸ󡣡
ϱˬҧţ̬ˣû뵽ССĳԼɿˡ
ʯͷûۿˣסˡ
̱ڿϾͲˣԼϱһ§ڻ
粻Էˣſ
춼ˣͻȻѩ⻹Ǵӱµĵһѩڡ
Сһ߶ҲܻˣȻо¶е㽵ˡ
İǿӣ̧ͷһѩˣѱҴãµؿõĻȻϨһˡ
ץ˰ѻޣѻ֮ŵС֦֮ŰľķŽȥ
ӻϣһ֮ʣµĶ͵ⷿϡ
һ֮󣬰Ȼָĸ̨
һˮ֮ӷϿʼӡ
̻УȻܵȥʣˣСһͦϲģȻʣµʢˡ
ǵ˵Ȼ˵ϣϴ˵棬տȣһʡɤӸɰ͡
ãȻְ˿۳ľ轷Ž
Ѿˣͷء
ͻȻԼϱΪɶϲڱˣ
ԷˣС飬ΰԷŶ
ˣ
ʣ棬Ȼ˵ĸԼˡ
ԼĽ㰡
㣬ѩԽӺúŶ
ţ
϶ǴҴҵ˯ˣ¾˯ˡ
һת۴ѩһҹҲԽԽ䣬һӾͰһѩˡ
ҹȥһˣſڵѩ²˲ѿŵĵطֶ˵§סůϱ
ڶһ磬Ȼѵ磬컹ûѩӳҲܿ档
ѾµѩǴ򲻿ˣҲȥеˡ
ף˻𣬰Ȼֽůıѡ
˯磬涼˺ȣȻôԺ˯ˡ
оϱһ̻
ѩ䣬ůģ˭ԸȻ඼ˣ˭˾ͺȡ
磬һϴްҪţȻŶƲֻһ㼷֮ѩһŪŷˡ
̨ϵѩʰһŵ·
ȻްͱѩۣӦ̫⣬һƬװһƬѩ׾;úǴȻ
ȻףܵԺ˸ѩԺﹾ࣬ûһꤳѩ
磡Ʋˣ
ɨѣŰȻһƴѩ򣬰Ȼ˸Сһѩѩϱߡ
ǽЦӺߴ˯⿴ߵľ޴ѩˣæ·ܣ
㣡ôѩѽ 
Ҳѣ
Ѱɣҿ԰æ
ŶŶŶ
ȻĻڱʰһ·̨и¡
ݶˮ˳µһһµΪ²Ժܰȫ
һ㶳ͽһ㣬ľͲȥС߱
֮վ̨һ͵ǽ¡
磡ҲҪ
Ȼе㲻ҵǳţ»Ҫ顣
ŻˣæϱҶ㣡
ڰȻǰߣȻߣ̨һľȥˡ
̫ˣ
أվǰߣȻߣΰץȶţקΰȻקŰ꣬ǳק
ٶЩ죬ʱڰɲסȻҪǽ
ȻԼ˼أڵ½ţûмȦˡ
ģú棡̫ˣ
ȻûǰֳҲǴҴҿأûнȥʹĽҲţлһҪֳһѡ
һ˺ܶûģǰǲĻôүɡ
磡ҾһһΣ
һνݣ߶øðˡ
õģ磡
ϱ֣ŰȻվŻһΣ鲻һĸо
ͱˡ
ȻҲģųڵʱ͵͵Ŷ
СС֪ʲôסϱСԹϣԣڴſ档
ȻŬŬ죬Ŷһ
ˣȵղɤӶˡ  
š
һޣûˮѾһˣΪ˱֭΢΢ʸС
Ϊ˰죬ֲȽȥ˲оɤӱˣⶼûˡ
֭ˮ˾ܾˣһڽһںȣҲû뵽Լϱܺһ룬֪ͲˣǼȫˡ
Ϲͣ
УٺɤӺ˶Ҫˡ
Ŷð~
ϹԴ±~
һԻɶ
ָô
ɶԵء
ţҪõһ㣬ǰһ㣬Ƭһ㣬Ϻһ㣬һ㡣
Ȼָţһһµⷿóʰɾ
һ޷סĹޣǸó췢ù
ȻùԲߦƬۣ֮˽俾ࡣ
ȻϲƤĴˡ
ѿıóհȻ˵ģһ㽴ڶңеĸֶһңΪرһ´ӡ
ֱӷ´֮Сļе
ûһһɹɵðӶˣڴΡ




70.   70    

Ϊ¶ȿ, Ʈ߰˷ӣȻóߵĿѾˡ
Ϲõˡ
Ȼû뵽һܳɹ, еཷͺˡ
ִһ죬ǰȻϲĸо
ϱߵɢŨζ, ˵϶˿ˡ
ù, Ȼһһ, ŨðȻȲִ໹˿ϣĽ֭ĻȱƬ, QϺŨĢһȥȫ㡣
һ̫ԣȻѾҸĻָԪһֿ
Ϊϲģû뵽رϲرҶĵط
һҲʮˣĸǳδ
ϱҾûܳ
ﶼѩڼһ죬ζһ춼ûϹ
ȻҲû, Ҳû˵
ȻǶ࿾а˴ĺͨһ, ϶ܳԱ
磬ȥ
ϱ, , ۼҲҪ 
ô˵ȻҲȰϾĸ
ʵԼŻͦ, е಻ˡ
ȻνоԼʵͦ˽ԼԼܸ˵ͽ飬ǲᶨӦûԥĳˡ
ϱӶʮѪɡ
ܳ𣿶˰ɣ
ˣԲˣ
ȻΣˣϸųԡ
ȻǷˣʰʰսóһɽϿۺ˶ɽˮһ£˺ȥ
ӺʣµˣȻŲ粻ˡ
ԣˣһóԵģû
ܵܣȻָˮ˹ȥ
ô𣿺ȵɽˮ
ܣĵģͺˣǽûɻ

ðȻԿģ͸Ȼͺϵ档
ȻһһƤر⣬ŰƤá
Ƥ̢ǵĵֻֻеƸɳζ̫һѽ
ϸ˵̼֪ôأá
ϹȥһＹ£ϻõŴҲϻطʳʱĺС
ãøᣬΪڿⷿԼʰķڼҲңһͻˡ
ȻÿϴɾСŴＹ졣
Ｙõģϴɾ֮Ƴ״ŵϱһֽơ
õһɣСҲˣƣȻǣոˮַ
ҪľŴףǷôԵķǶˡ
ͿˣȻ֮СڳһС
ʳĶǲС򣬲һһһ㣬ڣȻ߰
ɳŵƣһɣŴӰƤʵΪûп̣´ˢһͣõСһŵ룬ˢһ㵰Һ֥飬һϿ俾
ˣǳŶŵһζֹסˮ
ʵ̲סˣ󱦴Ѿקǵһˡ
ʹ·ߣҲˣҲû֣һǰϱӻķ
ΰڳæŸϱСأĺ
ϹǲǴˣȥţǲ£
æﶫȥûɶ£Ҳôżˡ
ſڸ翪ý磬ղŰ˴±ҸǱȥûȥãء
ҾǴţζƮҼ󱦴ѾҪⲻʹˡ
Ͻɣ
˰ѽⲻǴ󱦴Ѿ𣡡

ʦŶ
Ǵ󱦴Ѿҵ𣿡
ףԹϲ˼ˡ
ˣˣ
ǴѾලҵòãһеô
ã
磬¯ĵֺˣҼǵðָһë⣬һųԽ壬ŵ㰲ΰϲڳˣ
ˣǸ±ôһ˰ɣǱҳˣҪǴʳˡ
ϣһһհ죬óŽȥһë⣬ݵĲŸӺȡ
Ȼһ뻹ûŪأҲûѴ統ˣϴɾһæ
ǶģȻ˰ϣȻžɻٶȣɩӲ
磬𣿡
ãΥ۲ܸɡ
磬ҿ츳ߣ㿴ż򵥲㿴һộһһٸ۲࣬һһëǮһëǮ㿴Ǯһ˵һզ㲻Ǯ
ҲĶˣеǮҲܳϱԼӣҪԼƵгϢԼûԼǸʵһ˸ٿ鰡
ôžе㼤ãզҲû򰡣һǮ룬һһëǮа
㿴ֻаٻ¥ѹûУ㿴ĺõ㣬۸ٻ¥һ﹩Ҷɩ·ӣۿ϶˰ɡ
ĺùǮż̸ṩϣÿǮ߿ۣȥǮǿһһ룬ǰǮǮ
֮߸ĺãܱ߼سǻҪⶬʮû⣬ʱٽ˵ǲǡ
ȻԹһҲȣû뵽ϱ¶˵磬ϱûɲϱ˵ô٣ùһһµ
ԽԽ涼ˡ
ã
ȻЦˣ㻹øɩ⼸ѧѩͣϹҶɩĸ
Ȼһ³ɱɵģŴ׵ģּ۸һġ
ȻӦ򵥵ĸˣòţ̣ҲԻɱͣҪǻ͸㡣
ԳھȲؼңǻǰŻؼңȻһеģѾһУĽˡ
»ؾҪҵȻдҵ
Ȼû뵽ôһСеô໥ѧһȫص㱣˲š
ɩͿһװµУɩҪ˵ͱˡ
ݶ쳢ģġ
򿪺УȺĵģǰȻϻ򵰻ʣµĺС
ģҲ̫˰ɣҶҧ̫ˣզôóԣϹˣģﶼɶզôóԣ
ɩ̾ٳѾ᲻ˡ
Źʱǳԡ
ϱԣ㿴绻Ǯв
զŶǵõգ㿴Ҳ͵ѧѽɩĶۣû뵽ԼɷǼˡ




71.   71    

, ǵ, ۵ܰҳﻮ
ԣɩԸˬۼҶ˵Ǯķ, ǺϷǿ϶øɰ, ʲôҲû, һҹӣǻжĹ֡
áҲӲǰ̡
ϣ§ŰȻϱ, ΪɶҪ硣
˵϶Ҫġ
ȻҲԼĿģ϶Ӵ˼ҵӡ
ôᣬϱ˵
˵ˣȥ˯
ûĻᣬȻرƽĵԸԵʵ
ܺãÿӣĸúõİһѣⶼ
һͷͬԼǰƵġ
Ǽҽڶ, ʵ֪ܲȶҺôͲˡ
š
Ҽ޽û, ûл˼ʡڵ, ҸһаǱͶûһ֡
ûʱɵ, ֮ͿȥҰܼˣҪҵǹضˣҸǲ, ҲҲż޽죬˼
ȷʵԼе಻塣
ҺãǸʱڼˣһҲ޸ġ
ˣԼ軹ȽȻԼûϱˡ
û˼
ѽԵڶǳԱӼҲֺǣԺǽڼ㣬ϾǮҲлһ졣
ϱ𰡣ǱߵĲ˲ˣŵͷá
ģǵǱߵĲ˲ܲͣԵĲϣǲˣż͹ȥ
ϱû˵أ
ߣ÷ֿǮԺĿ϶ԹŶ
ƾ¡
˵ĺãǿȥǣѵ𣬻ʹӸԴ϶ž
Ǵܸɺ𣿡
ٲһҲǮǰһµǮˡ
۲۵˵ô죿
ǸʲôԵģ⵽ͷ£߶Ҫ͸һرǣҪҾʹŰȥ
ûֽʽ˲һ绰еǵطһȥ
СȰȵģ˵˵Ļ۵С죬׸ˡ
ﲻ֪Сô㣬Ǳ߲ףǮ֪᲻Ҳ׵ĺ裬سɵĺá
ڶʹɩˡ
ɩأ
ѾලдҵأҼҵ¾鷳㣬㻹ǣզ
ɩǾǷţ鳤òϡ
ãҾͲЩˣҺϼɩҲѧһ
ԣ磬׼ᣬҸɩָӣŪ 
Ǵȥö
ȥöȻʼ棬ɩñӼǣڱѧ
ɩƤı˰ɣžˣˡ
ˣɩͷôҲѧ
࣬Ъš
ȻԼţҲȷ츳ȻܾóĤ粻һĤ
磬״̬ɳھУҼǵҲ̼˰ɣ
ͦأ˼ûţȥö༦
ãⶼţѵƿ۳ϴϴŽ俾ð;Ϳˡ
Ҳ𣿡ˣԼϱĽϱ
úúã԰Ŵ죬Сˡ
پڵͣ͸֡߰ȥ죬֮ƣ罻ˡ
ˣڽҪǴ簤ƴһũȫѲס
ԼƵԱˡ
ˣⶼˣ֮춹ɣһڣ
ĵۼճ
ŶŶɼӵһΣһ㣬ҲպһУ¾У֮ƣٵֱޡ
Ǯ߰еˡ
ǸߣǿŵĲŵģߵеƸɳҲԣÿ㣬۸͵Ķһһʱ򿴹
ʣµĴҲܿ˰ɣǲϲԼϱעڱ϶עԼ
ƤƤᰡôģ
ԴҪᣬƤһ߶СӣƤְסСĵߦţ
ȻĻ˿ףôһһһͳˣ֮ϾˣɩżҪѧ
˵ĶԣɩûӴֽɣѧĿĶܽɩˡ
߾棬һŴӣקĲ˾͹˿춹ɳ
һӾˣϱղóԣнˣе㷢̰ź춹ɳóԣ
ȻܲóǳԻǱ޵ģ㶼ˡ
ֺۣ̲ɣ
Цǳ鴤Ÿòȥ
ǲ׷ӵһơ
Թƣʼ⣬Ȼʱʱ͡
ֱ򲻶ⷢӲȻŽͣˣó֮ɳںܺóԣָɾ
һߣϱ˵Ǿ仰ţ
˭ԼղôګأȻôõĶˣ붼ˡ
ߺǰƵģƤеӲֱҧһڣһˡ
ϱСʱҲɣ
ߣСʱ˭ôȻϵףߵҧȣǲʧİȻɵģ
ɩ͵ЦҲ˼ϱ
óզôнƵġ
ôóԣе㲻ţϾôӵĵѾˡ
û뵽ֵĵĺóǲһóԣڸзḻȾڸкζҲһ㲻䡣
˼ һԺ󲻾ɶ
ԶԶԡ
Ȼ˵ĹͨҲһֱ֣ϾĴǵطϵꡣ
Ͼϵضǣˮȵİϵûҡ
Ͼеİϵʱ򶼶βˣܶطʧˣ᲻Ǹͷˡ
磬ؼľǿ˻һҪá
۵ܣһȥҲǻỹǸɶģھҪˡ
Уʮ֮ǰȫ꣬ǸϹСһʣ翴զ
Уȫ˵ġ
ȥһһ룬ʣһֽţ󵨸öɩ羭ʣµЩԱ
ֽһһİ֮ƽںѹˡ
ԼһȥسǣŸӴȥĵģɩͻؼˡ
ϱóȥۼҵĶ˵Ǯ۳鼸ɣ
ȻһŤĿмǮǺ˸ԼҲǵɰǮ಻ٲԸʱ¶
״ɣҪʲôǮߴԺ۳Եġ
áϱ䣬˵ůڸɡ




72.   72    

ڰȻ, ŰȻߵܡ
磬Դ±ɣ档
, ߰ɡ
ϣӱߺȲˮ߳Ե, ܵĲˡ
ٵ, Ȼһ˴±Բˡ
ŶŶŶ 
Ҳ, ȻݵĢľϺɻƻˣҪżԾ͵ˮݡ
ղžýһ廨⣬, ᶼĲˣˮ֮ʼ
ռ͵ôá
ߺߣҲϱﲻǡ
ͣʣƤҿ㵰̢
Ȼĵ̢ƤϾ򵥣ǵҺţ̸ǣΪƤϾֽ۸С룬ƤŽȥҺȥ, ſ￾
磬óԵĴ±棡
ɣӵ
廨̳Ƭ, днЩƬ 
ȻջЩ϶㹽ˮϣͿס𣬰Сʱ, ˵̢óզ
Сĵ¿һ, ߶˱Ƕ
ϱв
ȻŽĵ̢Ƥһģ̢ϱһ㽹Ƥ, ǳɹˡ
һҳСŶ
һۣϱˣԡ
һ봵£ιȻ
Ȼ£ԣر֡
һȻԼϱԼϱ
ţóԣ꣡ΰ
ӻΪȻأû뵽һϲž죬Ȼ̵ҽС
Ȼӳ˵ٳҪԲˡ
ŶŶŶ
±ζŨѹ˦ߵҲˡ
Էˣ
±ӳԵĶ࣬Եĸ࣬±ֶˢ֪
ȻԵĲ࣬ǽ춼˰룬Ҫ̫ˡ
ڶһ磬û͵ſڵˡ
оźж˭أŹӾͳȥˣ͸һԼ硣
磡զô磿 
ͷһЦ˼˵Լʵһ޶û˯
ݣҴ·۳緹ߡ
С
ˣľҲû˯ˣݰ˯»װȻСϱ˯ɣԼԷ~
ţȻٯһůڵıˡ
磬ϱ±ԵԸһڡ
ۣԵӾС
磬ҿɲԣǼҶԹˡ
һЦǵøߵġ
극ų翴ҪһȦæ߲ˣɶȥ
ҪһҲûǣⲻ͸š
鳵ţ³е
ĸû뵽ôҪſ߶զǰ˵϶ݵĴ·Ǯ
⸸ɶҲֱϳ⻹ûϳͿϴ.
ϴҲȥ
ŵҲȥûҸ˵ȥɶϾ˵ǿ϶øɵġ
ѿŽ䣬ϳĸĿֽأ
ɣϸ첲ȵġ⸸ϻǷϰ顣
һᣬŵϣҪ꣬سǲԶĵطһĴ󼯡
裬һ㰡ȥһ˴󵨸ǣ
⸸ӻϽ߰ɣ
ȥһ˶ң绹ûţɩƻûϰ࣬Ҳһ
ңϰĹ˶￴
ûЩŶš
һͳţһ˲磡۵ܶզˣ
˭ѽ۵ܣ磡
ɩҲ
ƿԼ翴ɩҲģҶɩµġ
ɶ۵ܸϽ
ݰѵóüϣզôù
ٺ٣֪ɶ쳢զ
һ꣺ôҿɵóϻرҶûóԣϱҲԣ㲻ϲô
ɩɷһۣϻû˿飬ӸԼͳһ飬˵˲ϲǱˡ
óԣֲҶϳųԡ
ɩԳͬ  ۵ܣߵճĻŴɶĭϻûûа
ɩ㳢
ˣˡ
ɩԵɸŴףǴϱģ㿴զŹܲա
̫ˣɱ߰
ɩ㳢ֻжɳơ
ģҿɾͲˣ㰡籾ŸԼţﻹյס
ɩ㿴вȥͬ°һ֣˼˵żġ
Ե˶࣬ɹȻˣ͸γ಻ٸպã˵żҸùġ
ʱ̸Լ̸
Ҫûʻ߲أ
ʱ룬Ҫ߹϶ɣȻʵĲĶԲߡ
Уȥ
ɩ˵žϰˣе絹ǱȽԼܵܡ
㲻ϰࣿ粻еɻ
ŶˣĸûڣҸҿӣţһСʱнˡ
֪ԼϱԹɹǱջղԹ߿
磬ȥ󵨸ȥ
ȥɣҸ㷹һȥ
ԺʵͶأ·ҲͼӾ͵
һ磬ɩ̵ŸֽӽۻԱζˡ
Сͬ־ôϲͬ־͵
Ϻðҵϱ׼Ҵһ㳢
δ򿪰һҪɩϾô˿أⷽǲǻ
ʹãĺܣأ
Աŷǲǻ¸λô˵档
ѽģ㿴ɩҧһڣ¶߸ٻ¥һڶûסһŽ̾οһ
ıϼСʿˮ۾һǿڴ飬ζ̲ס˿ˮ
ŶˣСιͬ¶۷һ֣˵һһֵܷġ
СѾͷԼһݶҪߣۼֿ˹СҾͲˡ
С٣ҼǸǻỹˣǲǱ֪ࡣ
ţզΣ
㿴㿴ܲܰѷ
ǲܹ㲻֪Ǹͬһҵ״ӹƲ˵һһأ϶ѵá
ɩ⻰˵е󣬵˭֪أ˵⻰̬ȹķûżҡ
ǣ˵˵ʵڲ㿴զ
㲻֪϶಻ҵ˼ƱģⲻҼһеʵôŸҵĶࡣ
ǣϲǲѵǸۣȻǮۣ㿴
Σ㲻֪沿ʦǧ𣬼ȫҪԱҪҵܲĽȢںСǮ
ɩʵ˵ǰìܣѾȳˡ




73.   73    ɩ

ɷ, ᲻ܽȼü֮Ѿǿˡ
㿴۲ĸ, ۸һв
ɩѾı׼ǹƻȡһ¡
ѽ, , ô, ҹܸȥȡһ£ʱ͵ÿҵˣ㲻֪, СԴȢϱ߷˸˳ϱڣ治֪ܸܲ
һҧһţķҲҪ϶Ǵ棬ȡһ¹ܰѹλȥء
УɵúúȰȰ, 㻹ɶѻι룡ι룡㷽ĻˣСϽؼ, ĳȥҪǽزٸһ٣ɵúú˵
а, ιϸ, óԵģҿȥˡ
ȥȥǹʣ
ɩ, һƬᣬǲ֪ȥզ˵Ƶģ߻ȥȴӲǸϳߵġ
ɩһһؼһСʱûӻûء
ɩԵ޹ʷ٣̵İ·ֶϴˣ˸ɨϼƹ֮ǰæⶼûˣӻûʰء
ԺͿϹźü·ӣӶǸϴģԼϱˡ
ǲ׼Ҵ̻ˣɶҲûǵ׼϶ˡ
ǣϱ
ɩǲǳˣ
ˣλɩæܳ
ƻѹǷ飬Ҳ̰ǵ㣬ݻ
˵ǣѺƵʱθòҵĺˡ
ͻȥɣ缤Ĳ֪զˣֶЩ
Ǯ𣿡
ˣʹһٿǮϣҪʪˡ
ɩȥһȦ
ǻȥ£һ׵һڣ
ãһϼ⣬ƻУȥŴףʣµĴӦаɣ
Уɩ˴Сӡ
ŶССȥඣӱϸߣӿֱЦ
ɩѸϴ·ȿϣЩűϳ
ʱ˻ûأ⸸ڼβһѶĳ֡
أ 
ϣû꣬ûأⲻҵĹô϶϶ϱûϰࣿ
ĩٴ٣޵ࡣ
֣
۲ҸǰؼҸһꡣ
⸸ЩݺᣬЩᡣ
鳵ţҸҸɩӰ㶫ȥ
ȥȥɡ
к֣ܳϱ˿϶ϲ첻ϱ
˴ӳвעˣŮгҪȡľܵ⸸ǰ
⸸ʵˣɴѴҡϣǿһ︾Ů
³ֱⰸӣȻⰸŶӣûһͿŶӵɢ˲١
û˰ɣĶ߬˺
ûţûԼﻹأһȻûˣûʲôˣڼҪĶ⡣
үҿⲻ˵⣬ʵݵĶҳզ
ɵ棡˲˰ӡ
ҧҧŷʵĻܸϱӸƻʳүҪˣ
ҲʮȻʮһ
ӣëү͸ʮʮ㿴զ
ͷҲУү⼸ֵܵʱһ֣ƾ͹ˣҲûϼƻḶ𣬱Ͼǿǳˡ
ɴĸʮ˿ǮⱲҲûԼʮ⡣
ɩҲɶ
㿴ǲŴףɩߵʵҲʶ
ۣ㿴ɶף
ף༸ܺȱ
һһȻŴףһƾͶ
զ
İⲻǰˣԺ㣬ԶܣҪҪҸȥãһͻһһ
Ǯһ
㿴ëզⶼëǮһġ
ǲ̽˵ë
ҧҧ˻⣺Ҫˡ
ִ֮ɶģʮ࣬Ԥĺá
һѶĸŶϱҲû˵ɶҪΪģֶ
ͻ˵裬ɩ͵ȻȥһϼƻǶԼҳԸ
ⲻͶ⣬Ȼ𣬿ߦ˷ݵڲ˰ϣԼųԵġ
ûأȥһȻ߸ɩСС
ɩ𣿡
ûأⲻ䷹
Ӵպϳ԰ɣ
ҶǴպǰҶܽгԷϽɣ
Ȱɣ˲ϵĹи㣬쿾ģóԣǸǲ裬Ұġ
Ȼһɩ֪컨弶ˡ
ϱҲһذɣզô⣬ɶʱôˣ
㶮ʲôŮ˵һ˲䣬Ǹ龾Ϳסˡ
粻һԼĶǸôġ
ȻⷿѶĽóںߣϱû˵ͰѴԷ
û£Һϲɩģ˵ˣⲻнӣ»رҸֲˣⶼʮһˣҹûأ
ȻͶˡ
ţϱãֻҪϲңϲʲôɩ
ˣԽԽҪƤˣ
ߣϱǰҪʲôƤҾҪϱ
𿪣ǻڼҡ
ȻСһѰõһȥѽӶ˽ȥˣҲ˸ӳԡ  
ŶֻԼڳɻҲǴ壬ڼҶ㶼һ𵽳æ
ʵ𶼲ÿ˾ྣóһӵ̢֣ˮ
ۣ˵˵ģˡ
˵ģǸϱ˵ϱɩһ˵ûкñӳԡ
˵ô㵽һģ׽Ƶģʾ˿ɳŵĿһˡ
ʵͥ൱ͬܳ裬־ȤͶϲͨ˼Ըͬͨ
˳ΪѲϡ棬ǰèͻȻͬࡣ
ĶһģܿģϾ֮ǰϱΪ˴ˮ©Ǿٵʲô
֪ˣѣǽĵҪ˼ʹϵ
ҲУ˿ϾϱֻＸ˱¶Լϱô졣
Ȼɲ֪ô࣬ʵǶԼԸȥ
оΪ˶湴ĶǴǹսûбҪϲСӣҲǵûܾԭ




74.   74    ǰԲ

, һȥȼ󼸺ŵĿ䡣
Ҳһȥ棬ʣɩȻˡ
ɳϳŵྣͻȻɩ𣺡, ˺ö
ʲôö
ɩŲϣóڴ¡ƺðɡ 
ȻǺ˿ɶҲڲס·ˣɩ, ʱ
ٺ, Ͳ֪˰, ǱҴģҴˣŸһ, µŶ
Ȼ֪ɩĴĻֳнЩ⽻߳ȥģû뵽ʱȻ⡣
㣬ǵôס
ûȥҶˣ˹Ƽ²ѵã
˹˹ĵĿ, 
Ȼߺյµĳ߶, ɲ
ǴȥˣȻɩһȥ˴ɩҡ
о, ȻʱѾ, ͬڰȻڼҵש䣬õʯͷ࣬ͷҲǺܴ
, ɩأ
ⲻŴ׸Сأкһ
ȥɩҲǺ棬⼸ôôóԵġ
ˣȣ
ȻɩҳľɸɾĲò
ɩ˰ɣջȥᡣ
ɩ仹ǻġ
ɩƤ𣿡
ûأãⲻء
Уٺ͸ˣ⿾仹ÿһܸɡ
ڴɩҴ꣬˲ţһ˴źֻ
Ȼϴˡ
Ȼ벻ǣϱµʱͿЩңɴȫóһҪ鲼Ͼ˳
ԭϼǸʲôģͻȻһѪû
ڶɩ⣬ǰõĲϷ˻ȥ
ڶһ磬ȻͿѪ˿û˯ãֱĿԼϹզˣ
û£Сûĵġƣʹץ˰Ȼһѡ
Ȼ˺һָæ࣬Լûʹ
ϳʲô
ԺСˣ˵һ㣬סˡ
࣬һȥһ˴ңϼһȦͻȥ
ŶȥȻСѾȥû뵽ô̡
ϹǲǸðˣ
ûУȥͺˡƵĲӡ
Ȼ˲ί ãңߣ
ЦˣһקҪܵСѹ£Ǻǣ𣿱Ŷ
~Ȼ챻סѾȫȥˣãƤ
ƣ֮ǰСȻ۵Ժ˯ˡ
̵Ľ࣬ûϱ˻ֲǡ
ȻﶼûˣɩȥˣҲȥˡ
Ȼƿź׾Լôôôף
ϱˣҸͿҩˣȵࡣ
ȣ
ԱôѵӦðι
Ȼ֪ʲô·Լȡ
ԼϱСģҪ꣬ĲС
磬˵۶бˣеģ
ȻǻлͦõİҪܲסˡ
ˣô˵һȥҽԺҪ㰲ȫףɲô޶ҿ
ˣȻԴӽ֮ˡ
˷Ȼ͸һȥңϾڼңȻµġ
ңҲ֣γ˹ģֽȴЭȥ
Ĳˣ͵ȰȻˣȻʵ⿾Ҳǿɡ
ǾĳԳԣ˾衣
磬ò˵ɣûϱóԣҲɶˡ
˵ɶأζóԡ
ǰĸȥ㣬֮Ϳʼˣû̫࣬ʮⶫܸסզҲȥ
ö࣬ȻǾЩƲһġ
磬ϼȻȻֵĴ󼯣ĲС
޲ÿģǶòžԵģǸġ
ɩҲ˲٣ǳװ˻
Ѷɩͻ˹磬Ҳһȥˡ
ʹԼϱȥӪˣȻϲߵʳˡ
ɩһ¥ξΣŴɷķ٣λе֪ǳɻûɡ
Сţզˣ
ˣΣҵôӦˣ
ðɶʱܹ 
Ҹ䲿ģƾյҪǽûʱ͵졣
Уȥһ˺ӣС㿴ȥһզ
УϱȥӪſŶҪŻһѪԼȥʲô֡
°Ȼûˣͦæ֮ǰĶ˺öֻܸ࣬æ
ȻڼҾɨɨʰʰӣʵҲǰѴֲϴˡ
ʮ߿ʼͲˣҲ
ϱۼҹըǰѧʱͬѧһըöණҶûԹҲͰ
Ȼ˲ˣеԹԼţڷܷѶ٣һ굽ͷôһء
жͣ۽ը
йǺЦã
Ȼ᲻ɻˣðȻԼɡ
һڣ²ʮȻҲϾֲûС
Ϲеܲ˿㶹ӣرۡ
á
꣬ȻģϾȻӴн⣬ﵹһͣȻһＷһζͳˡ
ζ̫Եܲвȥˣϱҳһ
ȻȷŽȥļгȻᣬ̫ˡ
ϱ̫ˣһϲӡҧ￩֨֨ӣ̫СˣǴĹ񫡣
Уݵ㹽͹ըˣϹһ廨Ҹԡ
У
Ȼըӣըһ⽹ܲӡ
廨ըԼһȥϲӵڡ
廨žը꣬ȻŽˮһݻƤ
һˮɾͣʵѹûö͡
ӣȻһը˶ʮûжڣӵͦࡣ
ը˿ܲ˿ɾŽ̳֮󳴲˻
ϱԣ
ԣҪȻҲǰԣǻȥҹ𣡡
ϲϹøݺõ廨Ƭϱ߷±õĸɰײ˺֭
Ϻ˵ģȻը˸㣬Ǵ֭
ϲĹ⣬쿪ʼһ̳ӷǽܳԣǽҲˡ
ǮĴǲ٣ϾˣֱӺա
дӣҲϼȥǵðȻˡ
һûˣʱҲֻܰƤˣһȻϲػ
ߵըܲ˿ӸɶǾ裬еͺˡ
ܵǰԺˣҲ꣬һؼҿӲ˶ˣ
㣡͹ˣǲҼǴˣҲ̫ˣ֮ۼɣ




75.   75    ҹ

˸պ, Ȼϴһ裬˸ɾ·ȥѾƸˮù, ˺
ǲǶɩ
, ȥš
ȥ, ߹Ȼɩ, źӡ
磡ǻؼ𣿡
ûأⲻմţɩǸҡ
ϵ粻ϵ, ϱ׼ǰԲأˡ
ݰɶ
ɩЦ߾żζˣ
ǻɶȵˮůůͣһȵϣ
翴ķ˴̳ӣʲôȢȻġ
Ȼ߳ԵĻ֣ҶҪˡ
죬˹֮ǰĻ
һǮ߶£ûôǮû뵽ԼôǮ
ǮɩʱȻٵ, Լһ
ʮĳɱó֮Ǯƶʵʵڵİ, һƱ
һΪ깩ҪҪ, ʮٿ, ЩҵƱƱʳƷƱ
ôƱ
ɩԭеĽӹƱǮŽϻϡ
Ͱ͵Ŀ, ֱǮŻֱԣһæϱˮˣȥҽţԣȥȥسǡ
Уȥüأɩ˵ҲûţöʮǮѵֽСС·򲼰ûɶŴ·
̼ҡ
ۣۣɩҪˣ߰õѵģѾȶˡ
ȻϽЬȥţ磬զˣɩҪˣ
ԶԶԣ紩Ĳ࣬Ѿͷˡ
𼱣Ҹȥȶˡ
У
ȻҲȥиӦɩŰȻĴް
߸ŻλƵ硣
ϳҲϳ
֮Ȼﺰ꣡ϰ
ûȻһתͰƹ˦ˡ
ſھͿɩŰߵȣɸŻˣæ˳
磡ɩⲻǻһ²
ϣˣǹֵ̫࣬һˮˡ
ɩˡ
ȻɩЦˣԭſɩ״̬ȻҲˡ
ҽԺͱɩҽԺȻȫɩָӣϾо顣
˵Ҳϴˣæܹȥƨɶû
ǿ϶ݺݵгɵӵģһǺȶˡ
ĸҲ˲ˣﳵҽԺȥ
ɩ߲ôҲſڵһ˾ˣһʵİȻȦˡ
ڻʿʱŸСеĺӡ
ݶ˸СĽ
ȻСеĺӣ⺢֮󿴱źӵĸ絹ȥչ˸꺢ӵɩ
ӸȵԺҲѬˡ
·˵˴롣
ѽˣҲ̫ˣض˸Сˣ
ȶ˻Ķࡣ
Ͻȥ⺢ӱСڸѬˣ
ĸ۵ĿСӣ۵ĲУզôСŶ
ɩ꺢ӣûһͻָԪ絽¥½¯Ӹϱ࣬հȻ˵ͷ첻Ի磬ԻָϾá
ĸ˵еŵľǰȻˣȻ飬صǰԼϡ
ɩ͸Ц߶֧硣
Ȼΰֱӱտڲϡ
ɩ꺢ӵڶ죬ҲǶʮؼˡ
ĸҲûô£Ͼʱ̫
Ȼùȥһ̷۸ȣʮͶ۵ҡ
ǼҼҶò˵ģɩӣ飬ɩ߿϶ǲˣǸõİȻҲû٣һӸĿ⡣
ʮϣȻİѰһȥ
һˣȥӡ
Էզôණ
裬ⲻҵܵҲ𡣡
ѽݣ
ȻҲû˵ʲôТĻҪǽ˻飬ĸеʵܾǶϱøߵĽɡ
ҹһžۣӿӡ
Ȼɩ˰æ˷ˣҲʮˡ
Ҳʱʱܹæ
Բ͵æŰˣڶһ˶Χס֡
꣬ȻԺ˯ˡ
ۣ֮ϱզû
ŶҲһ仰ҭĸûҪͱ⸸ֹ
ӵúԼ룬Ǹɶ˵ȱ𣿡
ˣһȥˣذɡԼϱþıȥˡ
һǾԼϱСԼϱôãͻȻ͵˲ûԭġ
˵ô£ǰǺúõ𣿡⸸ɫҲеڣǰСºûɶһԼôãʵ಻ˡ
˵ô£нѵܴܵģ
Ǯˣҷ۶û㳳ʲô
ûǮҶǮ
мǮǰֶô˵Եܹ𣡡
ʲôǳԣ˵
˵ʲô˵ǮôûǰҹĻȥǷӻ򳵣ҿţ˼Ҷ
ҲܵĿ˼ҰҪǮǮҪòòƾɶһɶҲɵġ
˼һԹأҪȻԼòΪɶѷӸߴ硣
ţǻ򲻸˵ģɩҲߣûаȻĵӰ
ŰȻȻ·ˣϹǻؼҰ  
ţؼ˯~
Ϲ~ûԱ~
ϱϹҲûԱǵèʳ˭ԵģؼҸһ롣
~ȻĻĲӣһƵĵƹⶼѹ֡
Լϱָֽ߰Сģ̲סҪ
صңȻ˯Ҳûжˣɴһ
ݿС飬ղųӾ͸ΰȥűˣ˯ء
ϱ۸ҹ꣬ʡС
ﲻ⣬ʱ˵Ŷ
֪ģǸչԼ뷨
ţӣҿ㶼ڶ
ţѽ
ǵģֲû⡣
˼ҽʡ  
˱߰ӱ˵ЦںƤǰŪõģܿͰ¹
װֵĴǽӿſɰˣǸճ극Ҳ룬ȻҲһ롣
Ҫ˶࣬˶ϲûԱϾ͸ˡ
극ȻûӦͱݡ
磬컹ҪȥأȻСȭͷ
û£ûۼңȥҲû֪
Ȼڶ찲ȻʱǱնƵģֻš⡣
ԼϱСǸԼԼĻ





76.   76     

һ, ֵġ
Ȼ·Ҳ·ͳŰˡ
Ϊ, ŰȻǰҰ߱ˡ
Ȼ˶Ҫ̱ˣȻЬСȡ
ϱ, Ҫ, ЩóԳˡ
ȻҲ, ۾СʵûԶ١
ţȰǸ, ҲԲˣһͶȥʱС㳦
ϱСϡ
Ϻʹɣ㻹ܸ죬ȱɱʣЩһϴɾ졣
ȻָӣʰȻϲϴζ, ܵⷿⶼóƻиһٽ
ϱ, ͷһҸһʮҪá
, ǳ±Ļģ
ϣũæԡ
ȻҲ, Ͱͷõ͹֮ѬϣŹǻһ
ţһЩⶼ˰ɣ㳦Ҳܺó, һѬˡ
ϱǸ쳦
֪£
ʱҲû£ȻͰпȥȡ
꣬Ȼˮʶˮ֮óȥɹ
 һȱȹ߰ȻϹЩϴɾɣʵϴɾͲҪˡ
ģң
ھһĳϴҲҿˮ߰˱ȱ߲Űװ׾ġ
ȻһҲͷۣ֮ÿ俾һٷɸһҲˡ
Ҫ⣬͹ȥ˼ˡ
ȥȻʰʰһƬǽ壬֮Ű⣬ζ㳦϶ԡ
ĭ֭Ҳû
ֲ⣬ʣЩû͵ڣȻҲţе棬պò͡
ûжٵ棬ȻŸɴ⽣һߦ˺üӴķƤСƤˡ
Ҳ򵥾ͷŵϾƸνϾǳһϺʴԼϺģȻһСһںһ
Ȼı⽣ƤڴƵġ
㲥ŽӣȻľðȻˣСӵ֣ڶĶʱѶõ̻
ͻȻŴ򿪵ԣԺͣµĶȻ֪ˡ
զôã
϶ϱʰС˵ľм䣬Ҳ֪Щ
üһ⻹Ҳ̫ˣϴͦɾѽ
ߺߣϴɾҪˡ
Է극
ȻûСԴΰ˾Ͳżˡ
̰Ҳ̫ˣ
Ǳ⽣ˮӹȻİӣһ½ȥ
ȻŪ㿪ϲ˸ϣƮ֮Ȼ͸̳ˣǴ롣
ǵһγô⽣һҧһ⣬нһһĲС
극ʼ⣬Ȼ֮Ϳʼ㳦֮Ѭƣһģ֮Ѭ
ϸǾѬˣææѾˡ
磬㿴զû
ڶأҿȥ
ްͳȥˡ
Ȼʣµ⽰ˣ֮ѹѬõ㳦óƬҧһƤⵯóԣ
һιƲԣȻɴΡ
  
һαǳȻҪȥϿΣ궹ȥ֡

棬͸ȻѧǰȻǾðõСʦ
죬︴գ˲ٵĲѡ
Ͽεһ죬ȻսҾĵˣŻһĺ㡣
˦СȾܣܱߺС壡С壡Сȥˣ
໺һ·ϲˣϽ˳ͷѧУܡ
һԺͿȻѾˣȻҲ֪զˣͻȻʧȥʶˡ
Ȼߣ۵ϱĶͷȻŸʻַС￪
ŻؼҾͿƨɣ̾˿զš
ֻѧУ
ߴȻȥسǣҽԺҵǸҽ
ҽǸȻŵͷֲҳ³ҽ
¦ϱզˣ
СҪˣ
ɶϱզ赹ˣ
ţû¾ЩȥȵˮԵ档
ÿҩԼϱ赹ˣ¶˰ɡ
ãҩԺӲá
ϱ
Ȼû㶣ҪǾ棬ϸ¾û£Ȼеоġ
¦Ҽұˣûʲôעģ
ţţϻעⰲȫˣעŵ㣬ܲɻͲɻˣ»е㲻ȡ
˵ֿз£̫Ż赹ģ⺢Ƥʵ
Ȼ˵Ǻ죬˵ȥǸˡ
Ȼͨ죬뿴ĨŶӲѾиСˡ
ϱĶҲһƬ
̵ĺţˣˣҪˣ
ȻһˣϹȥϹˣ߱ˣۼֲûǮҡ
Ϲû죬Ȼ;øû˼Ͽλõ㣬û뵽ûҾͻ赹ˡ
ʵɶϾҪϱҲܲϱҪϱȡ
УͲϹˣ궹㡣
ţ
ϱɶҸ
ɶҲԣûθڡȻûθڣģܲˣûоͻȻͲˡ
ŲԿɲУûûسǸɴͷȥ
ɶȥ
ȻΪء
ĸ绰֪һʼģȻ³Լ³ʾִ绰
绰ͨãϽֵ
ܻõԵȡ
ιλ
裡ˣθڲãӦզأ
ƵģըĶ氲һ㶣ԼŮ 
СˣզϲԶżʵ㰲Եİ
裬ģˣϱеƶѪ
û°ƶѪӵ㶫ȥ
˵ע˹˵绰Ǯϳˡ
զôã
˵£ʱӵ㰮Եġ
ٺ٣á
СǾԼϱڼʵܿˡ
ؼûһᣬɩ͹ˣ֪ȻжˣҲûŰȻ̫ãһĸ⸸Ҳˡ
֪ȻУ⸸˰ȻһٿǮҲﲻɶæǮ塣
ǰҪչǣ
ʱð裬Ҳûɶ£չ˺ãզ졣
УźӰ
ʱ˵ɡûؾҲûӦϾԼҪź¸ϱ̡
⸸ĸҲŰȻһҲȥˣȻ۾Ŀ
ϱ°һЦˣ
ȻһۣϲˣԼСϱģզ̫ϱѬҲܳˣȥ⣬㼦µųԣԺҲû֪
ȻʵɵжûأֻǸˣǰľݵҲҪˡ
ǱҲûأ쵼ӻ»߻Ǯ
ƴ治ǰȻƵģ¶Ҳ޻˵




77.   77    

ϹҪǸϱĸ, ϱ廹ɲˡ
һһҲҪһСʱǻ·º㡣
µ, ͦҲûֱ, ȹ۲һ, ˸ĵط
Ϊº, Ȼ󣬵ǹϱԵˡ
ֱںʰˣͻؼˡ
ȻЩ, ݵĺǴˮȻˣССһڰȻ߶ȻܵܵСԴ
꣬СˣССŮˡ
㣬Ҵ棬ǳԵģŮͷ
ð
㣬˸Ͻ˯СƵĸȻϱӡ
ůı, ûһᰲȻ˯ˡ
ݶûҽ˸¯, ȥȣ֮ôš
ˮϴĸɾ֮ϻζ, ɴ·ϴ·ϴ, һζûŽݡ
ղŴ˵ɩżζµĻ찵صġ 
ݾͿȻ˯ģСԴŰȻһ¾õĸо
ҲǰȻҲܷ, һ˲ڹԼϱҪˡ
֪ϱԲأС࣬ɵö򼸸·ɰʱϱһˡ
С࿪֮˵轡
ԼϱûѣСôһֱš
С飬ô
ûȽһ𣡡СС´˰Ȼ
á
ȥһ̷۸꣺ȥȣԷõȻ
ȥĽ˱ѣ§ϱȻĶӣ벻ô棬Ѿһˡ
Ϲɶأ
Ǳ
̹Ȼǲ֪λãθ˵갲ȻԺְǵȷλϡ

ʵϱЩˣθģҸůůԷ𣿡
ԵģɡȻ·źӡ
֪ĲȻѽ⿪ȻС·ϵ㡣
һմȾȻϲţرĻñ 
ǲϲİѰȻûбӵĵطѱܵⷿҳСɾý
С飬ݺˣǸԷ
ŶŶˣ
뵽ʢʢһСæˣϱ㳢һ㣬ܲܵˣܲ۾Ͳȡ
Ȼһڣر󣬰Ȼͷúȡ
˿ϾϱС¿ɾûС
ʱ̷Ȼü
ǹ̲ûȻʢĶ࣬Ȼ֮󶼸òˡ
ϱȵ油һ£һȥϺ㻹ɶ
ûʲôԵѽ㿴ɡ
УѧУǱ㻹ȥ𣿡
ȥȻҴһˣҲʵġ
ãһʦʦ˵˵ڿͲȥˣ
ţ
Ȼǲȥˣȥ֮󣬰ȻʳôҲɢȥ
ܵⷿóһңյһ򵥵ҵ⡣
ζƮŵˣһݾͿԼϱҪ䡣
ϱ̵СİߵĶó
ۻƵĵһ㽹ƤɢŨԵζľϡ
ߵĵ߻ȻŵڱȲˡ
飬һһ飬ȻȲҧһڣ»̱ҲûסԵ顣
ţóԣڼŨӦþͲˣŶϹһˮ~
ǵûкܺȲ裬͵Ūһǽ衣
ȻᵽһŨĽζõûƽϣС㡣
лӦһȻоһСΡ
˵İȻ̣ϱñȥʰһĶ
ʮֻµŵû⼦ͲС
ûЩеļ϶ϱ˵˵ͷá
ͷŹǸǣԼϱղﻹסԼһ㽺һݵ㽺ɱɶҸ
Ҳ֪ԼϱһСôЩЩԼûȹ 
һиķһҪȥȥȥȡ
ȻæҲԼɴ￴Լ֮ǰ飬ҲΪһֱʱʱĿϸĹ䣬갲Ҳʮ˹ԣʱպܲμӸ߿
궼ˣʱ˵˵ȴֲ̡
оǼƻ߿֮Ͻֱתɸ廧ȻҲס
ôţƹһʱ쵼ͻǱߵ棬ʱ͵һʱ䣬Ͼû˱ӻȫҶҪˮ
һ꣬ʱܹĸǮǮˡ
ѧһϣϴѧڻߣرҲ˶ãϴѧھͶǨǡ
ǱмĺԺС¥ǺǱߵľݵ㣬ҲУǮʱЩƤ档
ֳɵ浹УǱ̣ĺˣȫûҪޡ
Ȼתűʣ滮֮£ʡŵʱ򶼸ϵһ
ԼʱҲˣ֪ôɿɰأԼŲѽ
һΪɶҪأѧУǰӣʱϰȥסʱŴӣԼ¿ξͻȥ
ôŰȻϽóһֽʼдŸ룬ڱǼѧЩӣϾʱԼ֪ĸѧУء
ݾͿԼϱдţߵȻ§סдʲôأ
Ҫǿ϶֪ʶӣھǰĺڰʱǿŸ߿ҿ϶ҪرǵģŲұ뿪ҰҲ֪ĸѧУţЩԷһ
أԼϱĹ滮Լ׵ĲС
㲻ѧŶˣ̬Ҳϣ˵ʱڼֵأܹҸұҸ
׺ˣϸ۵Ĳһڣĥǵ⣺ҸҺҾͰȴۡ
ģʹŶզܲҪŶ
ЦˣСûа취
§ŰȻùֽţŰȻĹ滮΢΢ȣϾȫǹԼġ
ʵȻдԼҲˣʱȫ϶ͷûаȻдȫ
˭ͷأǰȻķӸһЩ
ֽҲڶ͸ǵĹȥˡ
յţеԾô෿𣿵СڵӾͶˡ
ȻĶܵҽԺȥһ£΢΢ԲİȻҽһ͵
̥ͦȣҲվչ˵㲻ĲڳˣҲǷˣҪôҪôߡ 
Ȼһߺ졣
ԣҽǲǲܳô࣬ϱһµĵģҹʱԣǰЩǺϲġ
ţпζ䣬ڼ֮ڣٳԾҪˣͦõģ˶˶ûɶˡ
ҽ˶𣿡
֪ܵĻһӸȻŪðˣҽķ˸ۡ
ԣҪرᡣ
õĺõģллҽˡŰȻȻ˦Լߣˣɫ




78.   78    Ӿ

ů, СҲˣСѾСһҲʱܵȻ档
ִŵܵһȥץʣǵСͬ־ŵȴһȥ
, ȻѾͿɳϣʱʱ⿴
, ôһȥϺѽ
Ŷ, Ÿ, ҽҲزˡ
С㲻Ӿ˵㣡
ؼҾͿԼϱЦǰϣæȥˤˡ
զˣЦô
Сȥ, ǲӾֲ˼˵ⲻͱЦˡ
ˣֱ˵ԼӾأ˵˱ǼԺ˵ˣˮӶûУ
ˣЦˣ˼ˣС𲻺˼Ҳǳͻģ, 㣬һȥ
ϴǹ, ﻻ򵥵Ķӡ
Ҳ˵ﻻСͷǶĿͷˣ
ʱ, ԼĿͷ, еĶ©ˣ
Ȼϴľ黨ȹ᲻̫ȣŷոպ, ƻСӡ
ðȻ£ϵЬѵСָ֮˲Ь˸ֱĺᡣ
ȥߴǲǻɳӣ
ôأʡŸڴװĸˮʷŰȻȥ
ȻϽԼԽɣϹôණɶߣ㿴ǰ߶żˣ
ʲôܿ쵽ȥһųԵĵʱƺðɡ
ȻɻʲôûһЦĺϲ£죬̰Ӿʵ̫˼ˡ
ͣˮСǳЦֺҫһܣٰ֮ըˮ
ŲѧˣǿǼ©ӵɵᣬͷѧĸˣֶ֪
ȻǸѼƵųȥЦˡ
̳̾СӱĹһ
꿴ԼЦԼߵİСһͨ죬ѧкܴԭΪȻ
ȻҲƲסɴøСͰСʣϸͻᷢ˼ڲֹסЦ
ܰ󡻹ѼӣѧӾҲӾ̬˰һӵĺʷ
Ȼһ죬ջûж٣ץ˲ٵƤƤϺ
ٰҪǶҾͿԳԽƤƤϺƤƤϺΟhƤƤϺƤƤϺƤƤϺߣ 
Ȼ֣ıյһҲʵ
٣ǱˣȥץмɵģСʱ򶼰ιⶼǿǣҲû˭ʱȥ
˵žͶ£¶СɳѾһ·һƤƤϺ
ѽôȻ־ҪȥֱӾ·ŽСͰ
СóȻϿţżСȥȻŲŲ
һöණＸӵͰʱˡ
˹ˣȻһͰͰСʣԼ԰
ԼϱƳԵĶ࣬ʵԵĵǲࡣ
Ȼ֪ôķҪԼʮˣһ뼦˿ࡣ
극Ҫ⣬裬ûҵĺżż׷ģ緹ţ̸С⣬ûһͳ˯֮ǰ
ǳԵĶ֮ĶԲˡ
Ҳһͻͽ֮ǰǿܳԣոɣ˵ζҲΪʵǲŵϣ˭ҽðȻ嵭ء
Ƕ嵭⡣
¾ߣϱ㿴һһѣ
æܵƤƤϺͰͰһ۰ȻֻԼȥˡ
صͰˮؽˮѺϴɾӽȥɳ
ϾһǼ߷˻̷͸ΪϹϻŽơ
ϻ棬ԼѾϱ洫ŹǴǸ¸µġ
Ϊšճ©С
ȻŲ⣬ɳϳԺ棬ѾڸϺ·Ϻûˡ
ȻСӣñԽԲˣСVأѾչˣ˵Կɰء
һϲ§ŰȻҪҧ£Ȼǹѽ
űôɰģأȻűܵñ䣬ķһ򿪣⻹ǵһθܽӴء
һΰȻڲϸǰתԼкüֲϣÿֻвͬɫĸأ
ѡһɫĴ޲˵һ·ġ
ɶأ
Ӱɣ򵥣
ȻĳߴҲûһֱӾͿ
ҲѲۼһֱ֮ӲȷһٶȻͦ컹֣ͦ
ҲһҲϡ
ƤڴһҲͦôѰ
̵սƷȥŰӷҪȥ
Ϲ㿴զÿĿӣ
ɫĿӳĬˡ
Ϲԣѽ
Ȼſϱԡ
ſһɫǲôϱıϱı
ȻɵƵĿ֪ӳǰǰ£
Ŷ̵ĻӣһŤĳȥˡ
ȻΪզˣֱȻ֪Ϊɶǰˡ
ϱ𡣡
ȻĬˣ϶ģԺͣİɡ
ȥ򲼰ɻǣ
һקԼϱĿ㶥
Ȼɫ죬ⶼʼ͵͵Цš
Ҳû뵽Լ
еϡ
أϲԺ˯ϱ׻ϴŴ
ɦȻǱȲˣҲ޿֣ϾôüʱҽԺŵڼһûġ
뵽ⰲȻˣʵҲǲ񣬹˵ĵطöùˡ
Ų֪ɶͻȻߵСͨϱûסСסཱུС촽סߵۼ⡣
ڼУȻⲻס˶
ϱϸ󣺡𣿡
~
ЦˣָָԼ˺þ÷˶ˣŰȻȥϴϴѲȲźϱԷ
Ȼᣬ⿩İŹҧĿ죬ĨĨȻĴְŹǿ۳
ԣСģôҧͷأĴǵЦֹסĹ 
㲻´˱
ϱҪǲҸ۱ȥԱˣ˻ġ
ƶ֮һһιȻ
ȻԼֲ֣ܶǲȣҪ§ϱιʱ䳤Ȼϰˡ
˵Ȼʱ䳤ϰˣȫ˵ǡ
һ극§ŰȻǽϱСӣе΢΢ĹһȻģϲе΢΢ӲǸСһｻһҲ
˵߱ྣȻǻǲǰԼθɸСˣ
ᰲȻоˮȶˣﻩģ˵ұ֪߻ϲӾأС˾ǿ
û뵽ԼҲǹһĻˡ
ȻźĻ˯ԺĹ
Ϲϴ~




79.   79    ˣ

Ȼñͦ, ػбԽˡ
ϹڰȻ֮ǰͻˡ
ȻʵҲլʱȥء
ڶһ磬ûȻ, 򵥵ĺ࣬Ųˮ̨ϵҡɹ̫
̫, ѵûз, ޱȵ⡣
ֱ۽, ҲǰոռĵȻϲˡ

һת۱¡
Ϲ~
ҹ, Ȼһ
۾ûȥȻϱ۾һأˡ
Ȼ밡ǾһԼǲжµ
Ϲһǲöܰ
֪ΪʲôԼϱоʧʲôġ
§סȻϱ̫ˡ
Ȼַڶϣ㿴ߴ̫~
Ĵ𶯣ЦǸƤӣԺͽƤƤˡ
ϣȻһš
Ŷ, ǹԹԵŶҪ֪𣿡
ѽϹȻ۵Ķˡ
ϱҪ˰ɣ
غǡȻҲû, ǰԼȡ
ϱſţ˵ټСʱ, Ҹ㴩·, Ҿ˵ⱦô֣Ҫ˼ء
߸Ȼ·ôϻתϱע
ʰ, Ѱ꣬Ҫˣȥ𣿡
ˣæ·ȥ
áȰѶϳһһѰȻ
ţһȥż˴
ǰԺĸһĴͷӣͷӣͷӣ㿴ǲǳǲǰˣ
⸸ҲһæЬţ⼸찡ȥ㿴ӡ
ȥҲȥ
⸸ţǣҿǲǱҪˣ
˵
Ȳ⸸ŵͲȥҲǸķǽȥͿƨɡ
ԺһȻûгߴҲ
զ
ȥﳵҸҽԺҽԺˣˣǮ
߻֪Լǰ߿ߴϰ֣ƵҽԺ
㿴ǰǸǲ۵ĳ
쵽ҽԺſڣ翴ĳҽԺţϽӿٶȸȥ
ȥһϱұȥ
ȵͣ³ָڲȻΪš
꿪˳žͷƵĴܽҽԺ
ҹֵĴ򣬱һˣϰקΪզˡ
³ĳûͣɲû˦
ۣզˣ
裬ǹˣϱûˮһۡ
ǻǻá
ѰʵİȻ³ҽһûˮҿ
ְ˰ƵõȣˮС
ü죿ϱסҽԺв 
˵Ҳ죬ǾסŰɣҿ㿪˫˼ɡ
ҽһ˶ԸŮӳ̶ȣ˸˫˼䡣
˵˫˼䣬ʵʱûסҪǱͨëǮ
ҽ˲ʰýѺҽ¯ĵط𣿡
УһëǮһ죬㿪ƱԼȥ򡣡
Уҿɡ
ߺѺزͿϱ۵§Ű꣬Լ˸ţ裬ǻȥɣöǣϻϹء
۰㿴ϱﳵǻȥС
ҲС
ǰˣſİ
ţעⰲȫ
ԼϱܣҸݸţ̣һõˣСȥ˯þչ˽㡣
ҲǵһŴ۰Ͱ͵ĿŰ꣬۵ĲУԼˣСʱҧһ¶绰֣߰۳Ҳҧš
ϴ§ŰȻŰȻĶӣСϽ֪𣿡
һȻĶӲˣ˰Ҳ˯˹ȥ
ϣͻȻоʪˣһĨϱˮˡ
ȻҲˣᶼҪðˣſǻϹ~
ԣ򴲣ǱҪˡæȥҽջ࣬ҽԺĸҽҲˡ
ҽϱˮˣ
ҽһϽƿһϽˣզɷģⶼָˣ
ô죡ҽ취̬ҪˣԼô˯ô죡
Ʋ˳˵ŲӦͽʿԼϱƵ˸ڣſڡ
ڲſڣϱϱ£һֱ߶ϱ
ѵſˣȻܲܰ
  ŶŶίǸӣϣͲͣðһôҲĨꡣ
ɩͿ˲˹ȵףɩǻȥ
㿿ǽһ̾ôĳš
ȻĸŮƽ߽ԺзСһˡ
˴ϱأ
żƳˣҽء
ʿɷ˵ľͰѺ
˲ӲĹŮֹסĵ
̶ˣɩ˲ñƭˡ
ۣ㣡
ɶʱģɩզ£ˣҹŮԶ㣡ӲתԼŮ
ԼŮСÿɰԼϱ
翴ԼܵǶҪЦӾ;ûϢ
߹ȥŵҪ˭ֶȥˡ
ɩҵʲôҲûӣ߹ȥǿСӿ
ССüһСѾͷۼССʱһ𶼳ÿһ޶ûС
Ҳˣ㲻ڸϽͿСޣŵĴչȥ
ðףԼһģԼСŮɰ
ϡһͽӲİѺӸ˶ɩɩ㱧ţϱզû
ˣˣҽֺǵİѰȻ˳
ҽϱզ赹ˣŵֽŶᶯˡ
ţ۵ģһ˾͸ȵ嵭ģ԰
úúáԼϱ԰׵Сѷ˿쵽ϱĶͷˡ
հѰȻƽͿԼַıԼŮʰ߿ëϱӣʵ͵۲籧ӵַ
紽Ǵһ˿Цǿֺ߬Сȭͷ˯СֶŮҲҪŮģԼߵġ
ɷֽţ߹ȥԼŮȻЩӲ¹ŮȥҲõˡ
磬磬㿪ҳȥŹǣСףɰ룬Ҹϱ緹
˳Ȼ˾ͿԻȥȥϵλСࡣ
Ҳбͷ
ѺӷԼϱϣ˯һһһСһӡ




80.   80    ƤƤ

߿, ĸɩ͹ˣĸɱĸ
յſھкӵĿʱס˽Ųϴϱ, ǲˣ
ɩæŽȥͿ۱źӺţѽɲˣ
ŮƤƤզˣ˵ѽССĺŹŮҲ֪ԼСզ, СﳶɤӺˡ
ɩ, 쿴ҹŮզˣǲˣ
к, ǶˣŰȻɩС³˰Ȼ
öɩˮ̷ȥ, ỹûأ  
ĸã
ĸ˵žҪӸȻ·æֹɩȥɷ˵Ͱ˳ȥ
ĸæͷҪǶס
ԼϱŹҪҵطȥȻϱһ
ϱ˯½⿪ԼССϣŹŮڴڵḷ̤́ʵˡ
ǻؼһøȵ̷, ˵ĸĸ׵ľѪģɲϱܿࡣ
Сһ, ž˯ˣϱ, Ѻӷڱ, Ŵ򿪷Ŵɩ
ϣ̵СŮŶÿÿĸϡĲУСװ׾, ԺԼеǣɶҵ޶̫̫ͷ⡣
裬ף˸ȥġ
ţ۰׷۰׵ģ񰲰ü۸춼ۡ
ڴ߿Լϱ϶ۻˡ
һᰲлˣǸղҽԺʳôģһͷһвˣֻͷײ˷ۣ油һڡ
УϽԣɩ𣿡
˳ˣԣⰾ˼Ⱥȡ
ţɩҪǾȻȥɣôຢأЩǾͻȥ
ܿҪ⣿
ãⲻжɩôаأȥɡ 
УȥˣԿ׸ȥѿϡ
裬ȥվ͸ˣֲ䡣 
ĸɩˣɩƿˮҪԼźǺãǲĵ̫࣬ɩ߶Ͻȥ
ˣɩСĻ
ţɩȥˣɩԷ𣿡
ˣ̳ˣµģ񻹵㣬֪ģʱѧѧ
ţáŹŮϱ˯һͷһڴײ˳ţϱ˸ˡ
ճ꣬ͻˣ⳵ÿǵĿŶʡо٣Ϣˣɩȥ㼸졣
С
֪źӣҪ˵ΪɶĸźҲûźΪŸϱܹ鲻죬ʱ׶롣
ϱĸģզĶһѣֱŤҡ
ʵѧѧӵķɵðԼСźˡ
˭ݵ̷ۣ⻹еȰƿϸһ¡
ݵģ⻹ȣ
ţһ¡˵˰ϵһ̡
ȰЩ⡣

ǲȣǸС˵¾ʹˣԵֱӦ΢΢е¶ȵʱǳ̷۵ʱ̣ʱ̷ӪҲʧ
˵ƿǴ΢΢ҡɢȣϱӦŮ㿴ﻹн飬ҪȰˮŽƿ̷֮΢΢꣬㿴ҡ߻ݣǺ̡
ҲţһҪô죬ҡҪȷˮڷ̷۲飬𶯻ɢҲѧģȲʱŪ㣬ȶ֮»ؾˣ֮һӾͿˡ
СѧҲĵİ˵ļ¡
߸˵꣬ͿŮˣ磬զˣզˣһȥҽ
絭û£ǺƲ㿴ŵϣѱôͷڼϣֿ¡
ֻСһһ³̣Сһ죬ë
˯ˣΪ˷ֹ̣ûʱẠ̊́ҪģȻܻ޺þá
ⶼǾ飬ССΪСʱһθСˣȥССǺˣ˺þɤӶˣôҲ岻ãȻСǺܹԵġ
ԣŹԹԵǸСʹƵƤƤ᲻á
һߵëž֮󵱳ԼŮڴϣڼġ
翴ŵǱͷҪѺ˷ȲС
ͷסëͷסڼϡ
Ȼ̫ˣԴ·ݴ֮ûô˯þһжƣϮ˲䣬Ȼ˿ԼŮ˯ˡ
ԼСŮ۹ģȻȥ󣬲ԼŮøԼһÿ
ȻԼ˯˸찵أʮµľˡ
۰ȻŤͷ㿴ԼСŮСģֱȸտĹŮöˡ
ƤƤǵСƤƤ~ȻǷޣʹûȷҲȡ˺öСƫƫŹŮӦýƤƤ
ѾˣŸڴ˯ɩſԼϡ
ͻȻСŮԿˣľ۾Ȼ;ԼŮˣת⿪·ᱧŮȻƤƤԼ;׼ҵ˿ڵء
ŹŮ˹˵ḷ́ȻԼˮͦ࣬ȻһαԼŮССһţͦ
۾ͿԼϱŮι̡
ϱ˰ɣȥȼС 
ȻЦŵϹ~ؼ~
ԣ䣬̫ڻȥв
ϴ§סȻԼϱϱ㰲ο
Ȼ˵ľ죬ϻȥŵԼŮء
ϹǱƤƤɣʲôأ
ϱҸһȥˣҶһƤƤˡЦ§ϱŮǹһ
ȻЦû뵽˶һȥˡ
ϱۼûôأϱСŮ֮ͷŲһ£ϱ·
ҲҲԡ
ãȥȣģȻˣо£ȻԺۡ
Ȼű˯ĺСŮ۰Ͱ͵ƤƤְֲұأ̫~
ǶҪֵˣϱŵĳȥ
ϵģ䲻֪ϱȲȣС϶ɩؼ׼ģϵѾˡ
ڲϣȻ棬Ѫ޾ȻԼϵģԼѪ
ûһͻˣС
Ȼζȥߵ˸ްԣι㣬Сࡣ
ȼ̫׶̣ҹŮĿɲܶˡ
ĹԱղŻҶƲȥˣ˿֮£Ҹ˵ˡ
΢΢ʢ˰졣
ȻΪѵ죬һȾһ㶼Уֻ֭ˮ
ϱ۾ģֹסɵЦ




81.   81    

ȻֱС, ĳɾ͸жҪˡ
Ϲ绰𣿡
ˣ۰, 輤ˣɳȥˡ  
Ǿ, Ϲ˯, Ҷ˯ˡ
㡣
ȻѲڳλ, ûϣԼ˯š
ϹϾͻؼҰɡ
á
ϲϹ, Ҳȥ
ұȥ 
߹ȥѶѣ磬㿴ƤƤҴϱȥһˡ
áˣС˵װ˯
ȻϺ£Ȼȥ˵ĵڸڣǵ˵ġ
Ϲ~
û±ߡ˳ƶ±ŰȻ
ȻʮӲߵ̵ѡ
ŰȻ, ϿСһ˯ء
, ȥ˯~㿪ǻȥСĵİϱڴϣСĸ˵š
áͷֻصڲһ˯ˡ
ˮˮ, ëϱ, ¶ȽǸó
һûô˯ŮҹƵǵú̡
Сھǳ˯˯˳ԹԵòˡ
ڶһ, ȥࡣ
ȥҽˣʮѺǰǰҲŻ顣
֤㣬ȥӪƷߺ̲ȥţ̡ 
ҽسҲվ𣿡ɻ󣬲ӦðеĻԼӦ֪
ûУȥûиţ
һǸԼͷţҲˣƻм¾̣ʱԼϱŮܺţˡ
ãллҽ  
ͻ˲ɩʰء
ϱҳȥţ̣۾ͻؼңɩҿһ°
Уȥɡ
죬ƽʱŰȻҪСʱŵʮӾ͵ţһ·Ļҳ
ãͬ־붩ţ̡
֤𣿵ַ˵һ£ţһëǮһƿ͵سǼһ֣·Զ㡣
֤ӵڶ˽ֵһңҽҽԺ֤ܶඩƿ𣿡
ԡ
Ǿһƿġ
̫ԶҪ·ѣȻƿǵԱȥ֮ǰ㣬ԿһԱһѣ굽Աû
õġ
һԸ廹һһ
һԸ壬ʮɡ
Ȼ㣬ʮĿģԱ͹ȥƱ㡣
ӹ֤ͱϳؿһһȥҲ˲һСʱʱ䡣
صҽԺԼϱպСࡣ
ϱԱ𣿡Ȼ죬ŪİȻߺŹ𴽽ǱŮ
۾ûЦֻ޵Ůôôϡ
ɩС飬߰ɣۻؼҡ
߰ɡɩӹӣȥŶѰȻǹӼƵĹֱӱ˳ȥ
Ȼڱʵûˡ
ԣˡõЦ⡣
ϲСģˣġ
翪ȣûһ㵽˼ңȰϱŵϣְѹŮڰȻϡ
ɩҲϽѻǽϣҲȣɲն࣬СӴ˶ܲˡ
Ҳǽϵİѵ᣹ϣ쵲Ҳϡ
Ѱ򿪣Ѷһһĸ£
Ȼһ·ЩԺصůԺ˯ˡ
С飬öѳǸ䶥ǽϣߵң˭Һˡ
á
Űȥſڹ䣺С飬㿴ܹβû˹
ܹոպá
ǾСȷλǽϴ򶤡
簲λָߣȥ϶ǿģ÷˴ŶӸǽļнǣۼҶ߻û˼ңԺ˸ߡ
սݣָɻˣ磬㿴ļµûó֮ιʳץɱ˸ϱ
ҹȥ
ϱоϲϺǰ䣬˴˲٣óһ衣
ɩڣϺǸҰˣСϺ
磬һϲݰŹϣ廨ڣϺҲ࣬۶⽶ϣʱϱҹԡ
Ǽ˰ɱ꼦ġ
ϡŲ˭
ʢһ棬ѿõȻݵϣСڵϺ棬ߦƤƬ
һ߸ɻһ߿Լ
˸ɻȫûر𰲾ƤƤߴԵ
־ͰѹŮȻҲԺϹι̡
ţҪұţиϣ
øۺõıӷϱĿţ˶棬ڰȻϷ˸СӣȻ־Ҳʹι̡
Ϲɶأ
Ϻ⽸ԡ
ϹϣȻ˸׵ĶһС졣
ѹƤƤ~ȻֵסԵСŮ
ǺǣܡͷϱСצӰ
СƤƤһץϣƤƤСַûԼĴСȭͷҧһڡ
ôҲôˣŮСȭͷץ裬Ȼˡ
СһˣһʹʹûСһͰСַϲץˡ
ϱҹŮңˣȻԸɵ
ϱԼӾͳȥˣȻɩ˵Ůˣ˿϶Կ
ȻƤƤС֣Ц⣺ԺְŶ
ȻָĸɵճһСһζûܶʲô
߰ѶʰļŽ˺θɱôСţϾܳˡ
˵нˮɩ۾
۵ܣó𣿺óԻȥҸССҲͦ򵥰
ɩɼˣ㿴һ󣬻ֱôΪûͣš
ҿҲûʲôϰ
ּ򵥣˾ͽݵذ⽣ҲȻơ
⽰Ŀ죬˲٣ǹȻһµˡ
ְ֮˲٣ջɩͿϡ
ɩ㿴һͣһϲˣһ㿪лһͿˡ
ʢһ뼦˺˿ζƬõķ۵ʢȥϵл
ϱģֱӰʢС
˵Ͷˣ
ùӰһʢ
ϱԷˡСɾڿϣ⽷ϡ
ϹϾû԰ɣ
ţϹùһԡ˵ܵʢһ⽵ǳԣҸϱһԣϱݲˣСá
˵ͶߵߵĽˡ
ȻűӣֱСŮһ˯ĺģЬϿһߡ
ϱǲеѽ
Уڳԡ
һ⻹ˣùʢߵ⽣ÿһ룬ڷŽȥᴵš
ϱ졣Ȼ̫Ҳֵķ񣬹ɵ졣
ϱ̫ι˵㽺
ϱǸ죬ȳζô
ţúȣԣǲǵö
ʲôۣ۶¡
Ȼ۴ЦĿǷˣҽô˵ģ
ڰȻĿ˵ҽ˵ƨ㿴ЩŮµظɻ֮ۡ
ԣҾ~Ȼֻܺ
ģʱ䲻֪ܳ𣿡
ţ÷ѽ
ã




82.   82    Ӥ

, Ȼ˯ˣѰеݣ㿴ƤƤҳȥ㶫
, ǻȥһ𣿡ϴް¯סĲ, 㿪ˮԿҪȥ
߰, ҲҲһ˵·, ɩҲʰһ
ͻ˼ң·ҷϵطĶ, ûһͿ˲֦ĵط
˿ǰûˣѶൽȥ
صȿȻŮûѾȰѶʵҲûɶ϶ʮ㣬ŹǺһЩ⣬ʣµľǰˡ
֮ˮˢɾŹ֮߷ŵⷿϡ
Ǹ䶬, ʮ·ѮѾѩˡ
ϣһž͸о, ϵø䣬ݶ˵, ʡһ䡣
ԼݱûǶ, Ҳ٣ڿһ񴲵棬Ӵ, ȰѹŮȥСȵϱ߸ǸСŮСַŽȥ
֮ϿСԼϱϱߣٰѱ쳷Ҳϡ
ⴲҽԺˣˮζѱֲõ˺ϴ
ϴ߬ɣѶݵĿϣֱӸ
ŵļѾŨнĸоˡ
Ѽ̳װѼȼϵⶼԼϱԸϵ⣬ʱһԡ
һͷͿϱ׷ۣϱܳԣ㵽ⷿ˸СϹϸһ廨⡣
廨ƬãϹƬ׷֮ǰϹˡ
ϱ̵Ĳ߱ȽϺóԵˡ
ҲܹԣʰƻҲ
ʱɲ׷ʲôڸ֮ϱ嵭ģͺϱҲԲˡ
ǸСչޣ߷ݺõӻǸˮϸһϹ
С࣬ڷЩͷϱͷ׷׷ϱÿˡ
ĶҲÿ𣬵ʱֱóУ˿Χȹժˣϴɾָýݡ
ȻιأЦôҲǲס
ƤƤְ~ƤƤ۾ôҲ
ƤƤСףŤͷԼϱ
̥֬ģһµˮƤƤϴ衣
ã̵˯һʱϴ
á
ָĸеţϾϴ˭ҲûɹǿСֶֶŮϴ衣
ϱô
Ȼû˵ɶ̧ۿȥͿԼ˲ͺǺ졣
˵ʲôأ
̫ˣǰպáȻߣϱмãסȻڰȻᡣ
㲻ϲ~
ϲֲҵģʣ
˵ָԼŮС
Сһһ˱һ˱˻Ъһᴭ
ϹϴϴҪ˺öູ
Ȼ￿ĶϣָĦţУ.
~
Ҹһø˯£ٶˡ
ϰΣգȻֻЭϾһҲ˵ʲôʱڼ͵͵ռϴϴ
űã̵һϹ㣡
Ҳ㡣ŤסȻĲǷĴȥ
ˣˣھ͵û˯~Ȼſǻ
ô~ɳƣϱõĲС
˵µذѴϣŲϣһ˯Ͽ
ϱѹŮң˯ˡƽ˵ţӹŮ˿ñΧϡ
ϱë£ϱҲϰ~
Ȼ˫ֱٹͷȻҳΪ
ϹҶˣסѾ䵽ĴȻֹסĲ
ͷϱ׵׵Ц
Ȼֵɣûˡ
֪֪~Ů
ԩⱾҵ~
ܰȻȥŪҳԱ~
Ȼһסյס
Ѳ˶ĵܵܽйС飬Էˣ
ˣ
Ѳ˷˽ݣʢС㿪ʼժ
ϱԳˡ˵Ҳùͷ
Լϱĵ㲻ǳԱ𣿡
ţղűˣڻܳԣҹŮСʱһ٣Ҷʮһ٣զҲø㲻ǡ  
ȻˣûûƤģ
꿴Ǹ֪˵ɶء
춼Ҫˣˮأǽ񣬿ɲ䵽ԼŮ
ˮݣȥš
裬ɩզˣ
һű㿴Լˡ
ⲻǹȥ콻û
ùҹŮھǳ˯˯˳ԣɵĲУһȫ
治ǹô˹ԼŮϱϢզ졣
ߣݿŮ 
ĸ˵žȥۣҪϴ裿ˮƤ̺ˣˮǸоŸӲС
˵ű㱧ϴ裬źӣĸѧ
̫ˣСܲˡ
֪ⲻϴϴ¶ȾˣǽĻ𶼳ˡ
ĸ߶߶Щ꣬Ҳû˵ʲôǿԼϱˡ
Ȼûɶ߶ȥ£˼Ҷӣ߶ԼС
еҲûݣſڿɩЬȥˣȻǮ
ţһ㣬Ӳôá
ɩ̫ˣҲҪ
꣬࣬￴ˣ˰ء
УϽȥ
ɩĸ˵һˡ
·ϣû
ҪأӲȥģ
ǾͺǾͺãð̫ˡ
Ǯ̫զоôʵأ
ɶʵ꣬ҲǷӣӹӡ
ۼҹú˭ĽǰпڱУڷǮԼϱϵЦˣǴ·⿪ĵӣ۶ֵˡ 
ĸҲȻһٿǮԼϱģҲʵò֣ۼɶУҲɶⲻǮôԺҲǼӵġ
ڳŵʱҲܵܶʮĶ࣬궹ϹһıȱһĶࡣ
갳Ӿչˣ粻֪˵ɶŰ˵첽ˡ
ϴĸɸɾԼŮϱҹŮģ
Ȼϼܲôʱ仹ýռ俴ղſƽʱȥׯ԰ͻȻӤá
˵ǸӤãߵĶӦоУֱĳ˵ģõĲõĶУղŰȻǳһõӤԼŮͿͿС
ȻǲӦøԼŮأҪզóóŮðȻе㲻ġ
ϱղŶҶʮǮ
ţɩ˶٣һ٣ţһá
ϱ޾ɵģΪǱԼīˣϱ»زˣ̫ˣ
û£ϲӣ˯ɡ
Լϱȥ˯ţϱǲۣҸ࣬ҽԺɡ
ҪȻһѱסû£Ҿ˯Ķˣ˯ˡ
ãı˵İȻı滺˯¡




83.   83    ׯ԰

ϱȵĺ, һֱ֪ϱܣϾˣ޲ðϱ˽͸, ϱ˵Ҳ׷ʡ
˯СŮ, ԼϱϲԼҵСˡ
˯ϱ, ұ˯ŹŮ, ⱲӶֵˣá
һ°ȻҲ, ˯һСŮҪˡ
Ȼûһ͸оȻԼŮСء
ѹŮᱧϱǰŹŮԷҲϱѣûһֹŮ˯ˣõС
ϱıȦ˸ССӣȾٹŮִСӣҲ°ҹŮ
¹ɵĹŮ, ϱһ±§ϱ˯
ҹ˼, Ȼ𶼱ȥˡ
ϣŮ, ι̸ɴͲ˯ˡ
·һ, ȻţѾţ̣ƿţý󿪡
ʣµƿ翴ԼϱԵɶٺȡ
Ȼ˯һ޾, Ҳ磬Ļڱŵ˯𴲡
Ҳϼˣãʲôʱ˵ɡ
ΪܷԺãȻ˯£С´ǽߣһ̹Ӧˡ
һݿϱЩգһѰʵСӳڿϣҡ
ȻûӦզˣͿùһЬӣϣﴩСӸЬNɪģԺϺզ죡
ﲻů~
죬ҲŴᡣȻЬȥ˸Ĩѵضһ顣
ϱȳԷ˼ţ̻
˵ͶѰйһԷ
򣬳ɶʱѧ
ᶼûϿΣʦѧɵֻǱǣ߶һҸ˸ʱҸ㣬ǡ
Ŷ
ܣȡѳѧ꣬ȹ꿼Уզ
ԣ㣡ھܿ
Сѽǿѧȥ·ϸУզ
ã
ϱۼһƿţ̣Ҳ룬զԣ
̣
꾪ϲ̧ͷȻҲǣԣ
ҲѽһãȻ
㣡
극ϱһᣬȻϱһһ£漴ʵɶ
ȻûеõԤеĻЩʧ ̷;ţ֮·һٰһ£ţ̣ŽˮĹ﷢͡
Ŷá
Ϲ㶼𣿡Ȼ˵̧ͷ
Ż˽εĿˣҾʲôҵˣôܲ쳣أҾ͵ȫҵʱҡ
㷢ɶˣ
еʱÿλﶼζ
Ŷҳ˱~
Сè֮ǰϴ裬·ݴ鷳ÿα㶼ġ
Ŷ㶼ˣ
ţϱôͻȻ뿪ҡ
Լϱ߬һСĵľС
ϹȥϣϣҴȥط
ϱ۹Ů
ģǵʱⲻһǻҲ͹ȥӡ
á
Ȼ治֪ܲܽȥץ֣һȥ
ϱţת˲͸оʲôĵط
һ۾͸о˹ķ䣬۷۵ģԼϱƬԼûĶ
ϱģ
ҼңһļңϹ᲻Ầңûֱ˰ңһļ䡣
§סϱ£ô㣬ҾͻȻ뿪ңϱһò𣿡
ôûʵӣϱܸоĲġ
Ȼҡҡͷã𣿡
ȻһҶ֪
ұס⣬ҳļұ⻹󣬵Ҳ֣һ˾עˣÿѧĿγ̣ʱһֱת
ҲʲôҸĸٻؼңʱ򲻴һҸоµ죬˵Զϻû뵽˺
ҵõجĵͬʱͱˣҰʱһҲܹúܺá
ʵǸǰһڶңҵȹʲôǲԸǳûмֻ·š
ǾС󣬶һҪҰ趼ŲЩҶһõĶôõء
ò˵ҸĸˣŮԼ֧ȨҪڵǰ¡
ҵĻҲǿڹģҲӦ뵽ŮҲԶԶԽǵԤڣʮңΪ׸
û˸ҵĹĶǣͻȻģҰѴ󲿷ֲƲˣ˳ŶһҵĶҾôˣҲѡ÷Ӱɡ
ƶһӦڼڰɣҰǾ÷֤ݶȥ
סԼϱ֪˵ֻǱɽһǣȥĶûУǵǶľ
ϱһңƤƤǲ䡣
ţʵһӦǲˣҲڣΪ˺ܺõļˣңҰ˰ҵˣǵƤƤ
ϱҰ㡣
ϹҲ㣬ҴһȦʮͿʼﱸׯ԰ǰƤƤʱһߺöӤƷƤƤóȥ
ȻᵽȥѾνˣϾҪڵ¡
áסϱ֡
¥ҵĿռ䣬ҵñ䣡
Ȼ߽һţһȥ˲͸оԼҵСñίԼϱˡ
ϱ~
Ůӵ·㲻ϲɣߴȥҰ칫ĵط
ǽ飬ָԼʶĿϣϱɶ
ǱʼǱԣӦûǼ̨ʽСģֻǵ绰ǧ֮⿴Էĵ绰
Ķ֪־УǺܴܱء
Ϲϲϲ͸㡣
ԹĿԼϱ³Ҳܸ߱ˣЩóȥֻڼ֪𣿡
ȻԴֲۣɵҲǲһӶ֪
ȥذɣ̫ˡû뵽⻹žµĻ棬۾գգСѡ
ðҸ׼ķ䣬ʵղصĶҰֱֵΣܶɣЩϹѡһ顣
ϡԼϱˣɶⶼԼЩÿһȥоֵƣԼڶߵˡ
ϱһһԼϱķ䡣
ãҸоǸʱ߲࣬ߺûôȺԲûָ߿Ȼָ֧廧չ
ţ϶ģǺʱڱһƤǸһׯ԰ƤƤÿ·
ţ¥ǿͷ¥Ӷסģֱӵһ¥
Ȼ߽ݱ˵ȥһ¥
õˡ
Ӳһ£ϱ˭˵
˹ܣ뵱ڻˣԸԻģС
ȻԼĶȤζ˹ֽСͺЦ
С
ˣŮ˼⵽岻ʣСΪ׼Ρ
һһξߵȺˡ
ϱ㡣




84.   84    

˳, ˶ˣ߳ƬĲ԰ߵĹ԰, ̬ˡ
ˣ, ǸƤƤЩͳȥˡ 
ŶĸԼϱ, ߹ÿһ˾档
ת˲, ˱㵽һ̳ᶼ֪˵ɶˡ
ϱ 
šȻס֣оĺ
ǸӤ̳, Ǵ˵ĶҲУܴģ·̫ˡ
ϱеûӦȸҹŮʱҵġ
á
Ȼ㣬һͿָӤ
ϱÿ
óȥ
УҹŮһҵü
һСӤ, ۷۵ġ
ϱŮĨ𣿡
, ǡȻ߹ȥǹһɰСƿӣ
ǴȻ, Աܺ, ԡ¶ҲҪһ
ɶһС㣬ѵСġ
ʪһ, ͵͵á
ã첻á
ŪһѶñһԼϱһСʱ߾͹ӡ
ԣϱ£Ͽſţ˶ˡ
ðɡ
һʰһ߾ħãȻԼϱү͸ԼŮ
ȻݿԼƤƤ˯㣬Сȭͷ߬Ľġ
Ȼ£ݷЩǰģе֪Ů֮󷢹ġ
ûȡĿݶܰѳ
ȻӵȤǲݡ
ϱţһȲ𣿡
ȲȻûоϲˣϹ
ˡѼݸԼϱ
ȻȲԼù÷ĿݣΪԼ
װֽǣ¶ߵĴӡ
ӰȻļֱһģúÿ
ϱ㲻кܶÿİ𣿡Щ⡣
˶ʲôʵõģɫʸУģ
װ׵鱾Ȼһ۾ϲˣִİû˳֡
סϱĺ󾱣Ȼģᵽš
ߣùûʲôˣϱǲ˵ʪ
ȻһȿšȻùùõŷ⣬ϱǹùùøԼ˱ףž˵ǽԼġ
֮˵ֽڵĵطܻӤƷž÷
ù˵ЩһʱģаѾʼˣֽ㽻ˡ
оǽֲܻؼҹˣ⽻ŵʱ򣬾ҽҲУüְٵĹ
оҪдʵת˵㣬ڼǮǸɡ
һЩСǸģȻ˷һֱ
ǸϽֽ㣬ҪźˬŮϴˡ
ϹֽףﻹɿȻˣȻƿƱֽ»
ùܵԼϱСԹϡ
šȻЩƵĲһ
үү̼Ĺģ򿪿̷ƱƿƱƱȻҪˡ
ɲްӿ˵ʱ۾ʹˣԡϽ§סԼϱ
ȻƵĵͷš
ү̵ţȻͿһŻȻҪˣԼү̾͸ԼǮˣһǧ
үү֣˵ǲԼж಻ǵСŮòãǿ϶ܺÿðȻ飬Ǹġ
ȻЦˣ֪ү̵ģԼޡ
ŰţŻ˵һŸŮһŸŮһǧǮʰզʵڲо
֮һСӵƿԼƱݣĹ̷۸˹Ĳ̡
СʵһһǧǮ̷ۣиСӵ·СʻģС·ʹˡ
Ȼŷ۷۵С·ϡĲУѽ̫ɰˣ̫ˣ
Ϊ˶ûռöû뵽˯ͷ
ĸҲǮԼͱǵף
ҲǮвפǱߵزɻȻһ
ţȻ֪ǹùøģﲻãⲻͶʹˡ
ȻȲİŪԼŮһſɰ˯գһŮˣȻָһԺҪ־ıϽȥϴ֡
Ȼȥϴ֣ŮϡССıѾ۾ҰҰɵĿˡ
ϡˣСŮ۾ģߺǡ
СƤƤһ۰ְ֣﹩ûŵζһһܵģܲȥɴŤͷ۰Ͱ͵ĸŴ衣
ȻίСˣæֽݱŮι̡
ƤƤ˰ɣųԵġ
§ϱСŮԷҪУִ˴ԼŮСƤƤİǿץסö
Ա㣬ƤƤŷſĶˣԼŮզôɰ
ƤƤԱˣڰȻ˯ˣСף֮㵽ʰһƬǽ壬ù£Ĺ£
£ȥȻԼȫûˣʮӣֲȻֻġ
Ϳ·ӸЬԼϲĵģǮ
㣬ҵ𣿡
ùø㷢~
Ŷ~꼤ˣ³СֶŮ
Ȼŵܵһ꣬С곤˲٣ԭԼ٣ᶼԼˡ
ɶ̣ܲ 
š
۳ɶ
ʨͷ㽺㺣ң㡣
֮̿𣿡 
ԣ㲻ԣֻܸȸ춹˫Ƥ̡
Ŷ 
֪Сžţǰ֪Ҳ֪ˡ
Ӳʵ嵭ˣϱںúһ°ɡ
ȻĻ˶ˣ˭Ը԰ﶼˣ
ԼŮ˰ɣ̺ụ̂ģˬǲˡ
Ȼһʮ죬ðȻû뵽һӱҭסˡ
ȻΪ˳ʵ̫ˣоƤƤûùҪеܵˡ
Ȼ̵ȥһߵ˶ˡ
ʱȻͿ޳أӸûɶҵҵȺʹ
Ͻ¹ŮæܵɳϸϱȣҪ̫û⣬һûס
ԣϱŶ仹ѩ۵ůȥŶ
˵
Ȼﴷ
ŶŶŶԣ˵ˣƤƤû޵ĻԹŶ
˵
ǣ˵˵ԲˣǳҴȥĺв
ů͸㿸ͷСţˣȥò~
~ȻĹԹԵĿɿŸճӾͿޣ۾ҪҪ
ϱĲ١
ԣزɶͳɶˡ
ţ




85.   85    

ڶ, ǰȻ᲻ԼŮˣСӳȥҪðڼҸ˭ȻҲġ
һڹŮ, ȻֻܷţԺȦˡ
ҪԼϱȥسǵ, ֻԼȥˡ
ȻڼҹŮ˯, Լܵⷿ, ʱǱ߼ĵ㣬ҲȱȻŻǼĵɺʡ
Ȼ, Ϳƿûȵţ̣ҹ齪ϴɾҳ֭ˮɴˣһףڷŵǣȻײ̡
˿ɰҵŹȻǷˣҲŹԼ
ܵվȥʣҪĵ̡
궫͸ϽҸϣҲ֪ԼϱԷû
ʱ, ȻŪŷһղС, ñ߿Ůиǲ
Ȼ鷿ҵһƵ飬ʱҲԵ, ؾͲʵˡ
Զʵ, ν˵ľء
ȻַǺõģðͱҲǲȷһᡣ
ϱ, ɶأ
ƤƤɰС·괩
ţɫо޺ÿۼһв𣬵ʱҸٴһƥ
УûôءȻ϶Խ
ϱҲҪһ
Ȼ̧ۿЦ⣺ðƤƤ֡
ͷԼСŮˣ˵˰ƤƤ衣
ַŰȻ֣ߣҪȣԼϱ̫ˡ
Ϲķһ뽪ײ̣ȥԡ
źáʵսݾŵζˣôĶˡ
մǴŹǣĲɫѾþûˣҿղȥҽԺҪ˼Ʒ
Ȼ֪Сžţ·޻һѹƽһ¡
СһĺɫСްȻֲü鲼˸Сϣɰˡ
Ϊ˾ͼˣ簲ȻָŮһ
ϱ·õȥϴϴ֮ڸŮԡ
Ȼ⼸Ȥٸһ֮Ǹһף֮ЩСӵġ
磬һȥһʼģǰƬϴ˰ɣùǷȥ·ȥҴðɡ
Ȼû£ÿ˶·ʱʼĻȥ֮ǰӦܴϡ
ãϱ㻹ʲô𣿡
ÿŦ۲ЩŶȻЩһ͹ȥǸڵģǸѾģȥ
ȻҲԸȥǸ㡣
ϱԼ𣿡
ϣⲻûôȻޱ˵ţʵǲϲҪԼеһѾ
Ҳûб˵Ŷ˵иʮ壬СӾСؿСɰˡ
ⰲȻǲģǿռ鰡רŽĹ飬Ȼſż
ԹߣȻļҲԽԽ·Ҳ
ϱҿϣһ㣬Լ
 
Ϲϲ£
ãϹ~
һȥ𣿡
ȥˣƤƤû˴
УҴСȥˣȥ㡣
á
ˣϵ˻ˣϱԵɶÿһɡ 
УЩԲɹɣϺ㣬ʱŮԵ㸨ʳ
á
Ů~ŮףƤƤǣĶˡ
ƤƤƤƤͿʼڿϵȣѱȥݣЦˣŮǸ̥һ
ƤƤƤƤƵİСԴְֻﲻ
ƤƤְˣְֲˣŶ
ȻˣһŲǺᡣ
ƤƤĻƵģߺСƨɹСץס죬ƤƤÿһܹǸߣһͿ
ϱۼƤƤŵʱԽԽˡ
ţƤƤԽԽˡ
Ҹ˯ߡ
ɣɱ壬һ˯Ҫˡ
ҲУҵҹŮ˯ߡ
ƤƤץְָ档
ϱƤƤأ
ǣǽаְأȻOSɱңǽаְ֣Ժɶ¶Ұְ֣
ٺ٣ʵҸоҲǣְְ֣֣
~
Ȼ˶ԻˣùŮռˣ
СӾޣһƤȥˣСһ ûһ¾˯ˡ
ŶѹŮ£װȻϱҳȥ˰
ţȥɣŮûôء
~ϰ꣬޲ðѳƳȥ

תۼҪڣȻҲȻ׼
ϱƤƤС۾Ͳϰǹˣв
ðɣ
ɶģʱ䣬Ҹ˵Ҫʵȥ۾͹ȥ
У˵ɡ
Ҳ֪ô˵ģҸĸͬˡ
ǷѾĻ¸ԼŮðˣԼŮôСһ㣬ô䣬˶ðСˡ
ϱʮۼҳԲ㿴в
аã͵һһô
š§סԼϱϱá
ϱԿŹǡ
ȻҲ򵥣ȥóɣһȱһһ𿾣ǵϺ㣬һ
Уȥãһʰ
ϹɩǰһǲǸٵķɩҸİ
ӣǱ߶з˿ƤۣɶϱҹȥûЩۼһЩء
Ȼûˣó˿ǳԵˣϹһԻأ 
ԼϱСԹϣǾͳԣʱİʳóҿȥһȦò
Ȼ˲ģԹӦá
ԣ
ã
ԽεϱСûסҧһڡ
Сѽ
ţ§סϱϱԽˣá
Ϲǲˣ
֣ܺãҶϲˣ˵ϱڼ⡣
ȥöȥŮ˵갲Ȼͨİǿܡ
ĶӵСŮѹסЦЦ
ȻЦɬ
СƤƤ˿費Լżĵȣһʹ˸ʱ۾ŵһ㶣۵Ŀ޳
ȻŮᷭȵס죬û뵽СһԼԼŵˡ
ϽܽݣͿԼϱڵ϶ŮСһ۾Ҫ䲻ЦĿġ
ϹǹŮᷭ
Ҳ׵ϱϣС־ɡ
ٸְַһ
СһڲʹȣСܣŮ۵ĹǺ˻
Сһ㶣ŰְϣЦĿģǺһһʹַ˻
֮һ֮ζŮЦĻ۳ˣ
Сһ￴ְҲָͣ

ȻЦˣŮʰһˮ
Ůϴ֮Ĩ㣬֮ʪ
һϵСһ۹ǺСѾʪأСһ˯ˡ




86.   86    

Сһ˯, ʰʰսȻ׼ʡ
أȻˮѷ˿̹´, ֮ʰɾĺȱ㺣ݴϺӶϡ
ѳõĽ̷ŽѾ˲Ŀ
õŹֽڵһ, ߾ͿŻ, Щ˿ʻһſ϶ǹ, 㲻ˡ
ϱСˣȥǰСʱԹ, ζڻǵá
᲻ҹŮҪǸ
ϱ𣿡
ߣƲң˽Լƶݵ㶹ӣͼ
ţ
Ȼóֳɵѿǣ˰άάƸѿһ꣬ϴ֥꣬һͦ򵥰
ȻõƬ֮ĺҲˡ
һſ˿ڣϺͮͮ, ΢΢С콷׺ˡ
۳ɶ㣡
ܳʵ
һ̺Ц³ζǼõġ
Ŷ̫ˣ꿪ĵľҪ˰Ȼ, һŤסȥ룡
ϣ
ȻҡҡͷԼɵܵŶ

СƤƤ˯, һҲû, żķĺˡ
ȻϽݸŮյů, ҲʱʱСһһ߿⡣ 
ǰһ˸Ӥ߶ܵڵİȻŽСϰȫƤƤߣܿ
˺ǹģСһżİͣ
ϡԼŮˣСģҲ̫ϡˡ
ƤƤŪˣֻۣԼ壬̷ۣܵСŮι̡
СһǶһ㣬˰ְһۣƿ֡
ȻǸŮŹǵζѾﶼǽζ
֪ԼϱĲˣ˶ˡ
ŹŮ̫Ҹˡ
һ괺죬ϱ˯ǱŮһɤӺѵġ
ϽŮ򲼴С·ʵȥ棬ɲܳԼϱԼСŮڳԵԽԽˡ
ƤƤǱȥũæ֣ȥû
磬ĸոʰ꣬ҪžͿźӡ
ۣզŮô籧ѽ
ŹŮ֣ĸ˸۶ԼŮ
̣ѧ
ȥȥɣ
ĸһ֣Ӿˡ
Ȼ߸Ѿͷ֪ȥˣԼƤƤҲˡ
ǳȥˣȻ˷Щϰ˷ʰʰѧУȥˡ
Ȼ⼸쿪ѧͻѧУҪһûɶ¶ƤƤȻҲ֡
Ǽ˰ȻĵߴߴİŰȻ˵
ȻſɰĺӣҲϲһСһ
ʦˣ
ԣǶ㣡
ҲǣҸǴǣŶ
ۣ
ؼԼϱС鶼ûڣСƤƤ۾Űְֵĸ첲С˾զء
գգʹ۾Űְ֣ȥأ
ŮѧѽǲһͻˣƤƤϡĲС
ԿڷһٴŹһȦİ˺úԼŮ
ϱ緹ŮϺͮͮףСӣͱŹŮȥ
ԶͿźӵ
ֹɣ˵Ǹӡ
ţⲻ첻ˡ
ɲǣᰲʦѧУ˰ɡ
£˭˻ϱأ 
ˣˣ˵ˣ
̫̫ʹü۹˾͵ûƼ
ŹŮﶼ棬Ķ뿴ƤƤͷ
⸸æۣɶأϽƤƤȥ
⸸źڵͷQİһһģһСİƤƤ
͸͸ԼŮǵһ죬ɵúúøһ£ĳ
ƤƤϿˣְֺ֪ܰȫƵģһա
ŶŶŶ
ԼŮôģˣԼϱһСԸȴĲС
Ůͱźӻؼ˯ˣ˳ؼҸԼϱ
磬СŮ˾ͰĺУŮʰãֱȥȻϿΣСһʱǹɣǸɰСʹ
ڽһõȷ̫ܿģСһ۾Ϳʦıɰÿʦҿ϶Ҹ
кǰȻڴ⿴ģʱкڸϺ۸ȻȥѺӾȳ֪⺢ץϸүүĿ
֪⺢ǸүͶģǺӳ˼үק˼һ£ƽʱҲû۸
СӾͲһˣҪ⺢Ӳһ棬һͦӣȺͱ۸ˡ
Ȼأ֪⺢ӽзܣүүǰϳʱңǹԵ·ŵ߹ܵĲϵĵط
ΪϻȥСȰȵ˵ȻôãүүĹֿ˰Ȼء
һͻȻҵȻ÷ѧֲʲô£Ȼ˵һԼˡ
ܿŴõģʱûˡ
ڼ⺢ӴûмСӾͶϲˡ
ʵСӵĺܼ򵥣΢кܴá
Ž̨ɢŶϱԼĹŮȻеء
ƤƤ֪Ƶžž˰ְ£ΪŮ־ˣ㱧ŹŮؼˡ
Ȼ¿ûˣӦǻȥˣʰʰҲŻȥ
ȻԺѹŮųɹ̫ĥ׷ء
ϱ㿴զۼƤƤܳԲ
Ӧò࣬һһ㿴ȻŮϡ
ƤƤˣû
Сһǲ˺ߺĲȻСԹ軳ﹰ
ʰѹŮϱˣһҧô죬ȥ̷ۡ
Сһûһ̧ۿǰְ֣ƢˣԼϱƱסѾͷˡ
ȻŹŮС¶ͷ֪ʲôҧĥ
˵Ůţ̣СﲻһĺܣԼְ֣ҪԼƿ
Ҳں߰ŹŮʹһ߿ŰȻڳġ
Ȼģ㽶۴Ķ̴ֵ￾İӲȴˮĥ
˼ǺܳɹһˣƤƤְֲСֱҪȥ
§˹ŮˣһһһС㡣
ƤƤ໴С࣬СҪȥ
ѱŽƤƤͷϣűɻСһર죬۾ĿŰְ֡
ﲻ֪ԼСŮʲô˼һСŵС⡣
СһԵĻȻű뵽Ůܶ
ĥȻһû֪ǳɹˡ
磬һװŮһĥĥȻʲô
źãῨ𣿡
㳢һڣȻüʾ⡣
ţҧһûҧֱǻû뵽һھͻˡ




87.   87       

ƤƤ
һŭ, ѡ
ϱƤƤզˣ˷ͿһƬǽ壬ӵĵǡ
ϱ, ݣʰ, ƤƤôѽ
ְ֣۸ң
ô۸أߵɳǰ, ץסŮСѾѹŮ
㿴治ҰƴõĻľˣ
СС, ıС첲СϸߣСһһĵ, ԼϱǶ͵Ц
֪ԼϱڶԼҵСʨء  
ƤƤҲ԰ӵ֪һҲŮ㲻軹ÿСŮ𣿡
ҪƯÿСȹӣ
ƤƤ·ÿѽŶ~
СһŰְֵŦۣпԼСȹӵÿûбƯһ~
ȻŲϣŹŮƤƤһ£㳤Ժ԰СȹӸ㴩
Ҫ˵ˣ
ӣƤƤһϰȻ²˺ü¡
Ҫ˵㻰۸ƤƤˣ
ǿɣ
ƤƤСһһͿʼðȻԸⶺ, ʱ䳤СһҲ飬˵ĻҲ, СȰȵǱĶƵġ
ְ֣Ҹ˾˯𣿡
۷Ź⣬ζĿȻ, ȻӦð, ˾˯ԺԼ˯Ŷ~
ã
Сһѳ˦СȾȥҾ˾ˡ
Сһ, һקȻ§뱧Ūݡ
ϱüۣƣϱŮˡ
ȻоϢԽԽΣգæʵקǸûˣ
ϲòͷŰȻϱıǼ⣬ƵĲУϱһزỳϵġ
ȻҲǣ§סĲ
ΪûڣŪıȽϿȻڶһѸожæƳȥϹѽҪ𣿡
ϱѵʱѾˣҲѣȫû§סȻסͨĶ飺˵
𴲿ûˣǰСѾͷȥˡ
ܵСڹˣдһͰˮһϱȻʹиоһָҲˡ
⻹ƤƤ֮һβ⣬ʵǸԼϱ۵ˡ
оˬˣһͰѱϵСʰԼŮסˡ
Ů챧ԼϱԼֻܱ
˵ܵⷿѴϣԼŮϡ
ССȹС·ܶѸүСүʻģ¹ҪŲ¡
ʰְƤƤõĶŵķ䣬Լϱһ
ñڳĿռ䣬Լ·ӿͰ͵Сռóŵϱϣ泩ˡ
صſͷԼϱԼϱÿһ
ƤƤôˣԼϱȴԽӺÿԭ񾲵СԽԽ飬۾Ҳйӣһ۷Լ궼ȥ
׾˳Ľëǿɰӯǣٵ׵ӣһỊ̆
Ŷۣ̻ˣ
ȻˣĹѵԼǶˣ
ԹȥȻʹ˳شһꡣ
ϸ˷ŹŮι˷۵ĹݣƤƤأͱְֱ˳
Ŷ岻˯أС¹񣬿ССߣòã
ۣϲϲƤƤ£СһವϿͿʼ濻ߵСߡ
ͿԼŮ˺öˣֱܲſϾ˯ˡ
¶óѵЦ⣬ŮҴñӣʪŹĻӡ
ԼϱһûԷҲˣ§ϱ˯ˡ
ԼϱԽǸǻݵĲУĦһסϸôôԼƤƤġ
ҹһԼŮͻȻСһȥе룬ǿ˲СѾͷͺ񿴼СѾͷʱ
ЩԼŮ˱嵭ˣСѾͷϱӿûûλЦأ֪ûɶ¡
СŮŮѱӸȻĻݡ
ȻѵʱйƵĴһѣȸǱȥ
µɵҸıûӦϱˡ
·ȥͼԼϱԼŮѣ󱦱§Сȥ̾ס
ϱˡԴڰȻ󱳣Ƶ˵š
ְ֣ˣƤƤĽӻһ㶡
ţְִˣְְŪˣ費ְˣ
ŶҪԼŶСһ§ס軳Ҳְˡ
ȻûסЦһ
ϱˣ˾Ͳ˰
§סϱһڣСŮίͰ͵ģҲһڡ
ƤƤְףĵ§סְֵװְ֣
ѹŮʪѺϴɾԡǰ
ְ֣촩С㣡
áѱóŮϣĨСһıQQľϾ˾ˡ 
˾ˣ㿴ı
Сһ̹Сţ㱦
Ȼ𴲾Ͱ򿪣ʵʱѶ
·ݣʮ·ݷܳɣȻҲˣԵɣҪˡ
ϱһȥȡţһȥðƤƤ
ΪɶҸ˾ѽСһﻹҧϺСһһġ
ΪСѽ
ҲСˣҶûȥѽһҪ
ߵ죬治䣬뿴˿Լϱ
ȻߵǾȥɣȥ
ȥ£Ҳš
ľسǸⰲϻ˻ǷϣȻǰҲͣ˾еĻ
ƤƤ˺߸̼ұĵطûôȥسﶼ棬ڰְֵĸ첲ﶼҪһɶ
Ůϲ͸ЩС⡣
ƲƲ죺Ҷˣҵӡ
Ȼһֲܹĵܵܵͷҵܵܣ
ǶԶԶԡðԼħơ
Ǻ«һ
س߹Ҳûʲôȥ˹磬ĵҲܺãسߺܻӭ
Ů˵㣬Ȼ˲ٵ棬࣬ʡļＸɤӸ 
ŶһڹӪ˿ڵ油һ֮ʾֿ
һũæһֱûسǣʾֵżͦࡣ 
ȻʵžһȻɶѽô
û뵽û˴ȻسϿʼš
ȻûⶼûϸǵóۣҪָ߿ˣ
ȻıסϹָ߿ˣ
ģϱá§ŻСŮˣá
ùŷ⿴Ȼ˵Ҫָ߿£оԼȥѧϰ
㣡Ҳȥ 
ģ渴ϰ߿һ𿼱ǣ
ۣԼһҪŬȡˡ




88.   88    ߿

ƤƤڰְָ첲, Ǹ۾Ŀͣ, ˵ʲô  
˵ǿȥѼˣȻԼСŮ
ۣܿѣ, , С, 𣿻ү̫̫ү
СѾͷˣСָһš
Ȼˣ
ۣǻҪߵĴ˾˶˾ˣС̣С˾ǣ
ȻˣǱܼˣȻϲЦտ, ڶǿƲסġ
ȻģҲģǿؼңϾʱ˲ʱˡ
ش㿴ԼſվһеģǾ
뿪ѧʱ޵ĸȻһ¾ͺˡ
ȻûںŮأŮԽԽ顣
˼ңȻͰѰĿγץ, ÿŷ
ÿһȥ׳ҪԸ, ûȻ
ƤƤҲ֪ʱȣΧͯԹɵķš
ĸżͷ׶̹ɵļææĻؼ, ʵ⻷Ĵס
ȻѧУĹ, ÷ˣȥˣԼ˵˸߿¡
Ȼͦл, ϾûɶԼ
ᰲȻҲǴݽϣİǿ۱ȥܣϻҹܣϾѧϰۿ岻ǡ
һʱ䰲ԹصûɶоϾɻˣҲ۶ˡ
⵹ĶһԹǲɻһ˲ҲίͰ͵ĿŰȻ
ʵȻҲЩܲˣֻӲῴ۰Ͱ͵ӰȻ¿
ʵҾӦܿرǰɣ
ͬʱͷ
Ȼһ֣ã۾ɣҲܲ
˵ıϱתȦƤƤıģСƤƤھ˾˼Ͽָͣ
ȻϴɩһȦ÷СһƲԼһ۱ȥˡ
ȻЩĪ²еɶëɳ°ɣȻ˸ûϡô
ûһ£ȫָ߿Ϣ㴫ȫ
ŵҲǹҪ˲ţ߿ŵģоǿŵĸѧУˡ
ÿַĲСƤƤڼҶѧˣСȰȵģǱû˵أѧˡ
Ȼһ÷оİʲô֪ĶǰȻѹϾ˭֪ϸǸԼˡ
ûҪǸһũ˰ɡ
Ͼַ²󣬵˭ʱ˾ͷء
Ȼôݣӣ꺢̺ӣ꺢ӱϿΡ
˲һϢҲ࣬һ߿ϢɸûũæźӸڴΪسء
߿Ϣʹϱһȥһҡ
ӳ֪ҪƵģڿϣһĳš
ۣˣɡ
֣Ҹ˵߿µġ
ţ֪гϢģҲǴˣҲԤ
ţ뿼ǡ
ãֻûȥ׶ء
֣ҸǱѧżǻʱæĻҾ͸ӹȥƤƤ׽׽
ãǰ
߿Ϣڶ죬û͹ˡ
ԺĿԼ硣
Ҫɶ
ȣӦˣҰҹˣȥ˵
ѴŹϣһڳĿŶ硣
Ҳе㲻˼Ǹۣ˵ǰ˵¸粻ûô֪ͨһĶҲû飬ɩҲ߿Ͼѧϰͦã֯ëҲģҲСظһӣ˳Ƕûȥ
һֱۣӴ񣬰ÿһֳ
Ǿȥɡ
Բֳۣģøңһ˹ûס
ѹ򿪰һıչʾûҸϱСӣû¸һһݸֽϱջء
ջǲջģϱŽռﱣĺúõġ
̾ΪֹǰͱǿƳš
ˣΪϳˣֱܵԼʱסĶ᷿ˣϾһĶӣҹܵۼңƣҲ֮
ΪǾϰҲ䱻쵼쵼û˵ǡ
쵼ѧϰҲϣǺܶ࿴ģ쵼һǵϻؼһӡ
֪Чͱżүһܵҡ
һ쵼ˣ֪ΪŮҲܲ죬ͷϵ¶绹ܲ죬ⲻ
翴һǽϣ̾һ䣬ǺĺԵ
ۣҪЩҰɣǸ±߳ӡˢҲǲСء
ҲǣһԼϱȻҲû㶼͵
Ҳû뵽һộæмȥӡ
׼壬Щϣңȫµѧӣǲ֪ûá
ֶӣһˣúӰЩС˵ǰҹдģøĵøǣѧأЩдľ;ңĵʱǴǮ
ֱŮĵܵܣԼŮһңǲúӳԿģϾǻѪʱõ±ˡ
죬Ĺٷڳһ֣ӰӵӡˢȻϡ
ںֳΪֽС⣬õķǳ٣ںһ˵ۡ
˵ֳһֱҲûŰ࣬Ǳԭеһֱ
һܣѧϰϽ̲ĶӡˢλеīûɣǰһŶӣϾȫˡ
ӡˢֳ֮٣Ҳϰż˳Ƴȥһ
̲Ķûˣ
ǵɶʱ򣿡
һݰɣûҪô
ϰϰ壡һֳģ
ϰһͻֽĴúãһҪ飡
ͬ־ڸĨڣ飡ٸһף
ŮЩ˵ҡҡͷ޶ۣ
飡զ°ʱһŮԼͬѧϽȥʡ
СɣҸ˵ⱾǱأղһؼҿⱾڽ̲ⷭһ㿴ʦⲻԭô򵥣֪ˣⲻϽ򣬻ûã
Ůҵ࣬ϽǮˣŮͬѧϽҲϰ壬Ҫһף
СţҲûϣҽ£ͬ˲٣ع˸໹һʮʮٵģȫиæܵ硣
дҲǧĸصͼһ˷һǧ౾׷˲ٵĶ
߿Ϣһ²̫ƽҲ˳ӭ˸߿졣
ŰȻ굽˵Ȼ˷ֵ˲ͬĿ
һȻɩһļֵܺɲɷֵһ
쿼ÿ˶ƣÿ˵ľͷ㡣
ϴﶼۼ˰ȻңȻü˹һ·껹ˣΪ඼ԡ
ɩҲˣǳ˵ļͬѧڸ϶ˣһǸ죬һǻһǵǸĴ硣
⼸ѧ̫أڸ϶μ̫ȻԿǶƿϴѧû⣬Ͼһ²ǰײġ
ڸ϶ҲԿǶ
˼д⣬˭ˣ
֪ĹԱ޲ñһſ޳ˡ
ͼͼֱ̫ѨͿǴɻǱˡ
ŶŶͷп಻ʱڿԼӡ




89.   89       

ûеȴܾ, ϶˵¼ȡ֪ͨģ˳Ǵѧϵ¼ȡ
Ҳ˵ԸϾߵĻŲء
֮ǶɩǴѧƾϵ¼ȡ, 类Ǵѧˮרҵ¼ȡ
֪ͨ絥λ, Ͼ⿼ϵľ͹ٵ, һӷ˱Ǵѧ
Ҳһż̤Ƶķ, 쵼ҲĲӣıǴѧ
쵼һ, ǰǣæɩĸ֪һܵ¡
Ҳ֪϶һ˱ǵĴѧֵǺϲ£죬Ϲо
϶˻ŵĸˣηֻܴźڰҹۼ
ſһӱɣЦˣ翴ŵܵһɵӣһȭƣĽˡ
ۣ㲻ż˵š
ɶ, ¼ġ
Ĵָ˯ˡ
, Ȼ§ס˹Ժɩˡ
ţ˯ɡ
缱, ۿвþҪѧ, Żǲˣȥˡ
뷨ոһ˵߶ŵ, ҲһƬ֡
ƤƤһӱѣһ漴СԴ߿
ְ֣
ŮϺ޴£Ůߣȥš
磡磡˺ö೵ɩӻаģˣ
˵Ѿ֪ʲôˣϾǶɩĵسʶ˿ġ
ֶӰǸ˳Ⱑ˳ڸ߿ͷһȫʡݰһҰ
ŷ˵״ˣæǰǫһ£ϾԼϱ˵Ҫ͵ġ
سҲû뵽йһ֮ԵСӻλֶŮֶôȫ֡
žӿɣϱһڵ飬ŵһ¼ȡ֪ͨ
߼λɶǴѧУǰ˱ǡ
ͬ־ϲϲʰȻͬ־ͬ־𣿡
̫ˣݰɡ 
ãǶڣгаȻͬ־ͬ־ȫΨλ߿ֵͬѧｱһһǧԪʮƱһٽƱ
ͬ־Ǳö࣬˳ǽǵһָ߿ǿһʡ˾޴ס
شҲ֪һΪǰվѧϰϺճǾҹԼյֳģ˺ܶຢӣ
ǻƷ壬Ϊг˵Ը⣬ｱһٿǮƱʮƱ
˵һ˸һ㲻˵ˣñܣΪϱϢϣֱӾͱҪˡ
巽гҲ֪ˡ
˽ݣȻʰҪȥƤƤҰɡ
Žݵļɻ𾪵Ŀ޴´򿪣¶߷۵գЦĿǡ
үүǺã
ţ
ͷɵƵĹֵֹͷӦ㶼ǰҪƤƤλûֱ˻
Сӣ
üͷ˼ˣСͬ־ǱǴѧʦ˶˱ǴѧѧУһûпһǹĻ
ͷСͬ־տǴѧģǾϵģѧУṩסޣѧ𣡡
ͣ㣡˼Сͬ־ǱǴѧľϵС⣬ģѧУҲнѧ𣬻ӰѻڶǨǣҲṩסޣ
Сͬ־㿴տ£
Сͬ־ĿǱѧտ𣡡
ԻרҵСôţѧʲôǺܿ죡
СŮ¶СԴϣżֵүү̾˿ְ֣үүôأ
㲻ŹŮཱུСļүӵĶ
˿Ȼûл־ԸģźĻȥˡ
ֻбǴѧλУˣŵĻлسг
ɩҲˣôˣ
ⲻӿ״Ԫϲģ
ǷгǧŮɣ˵Ҳ˱Ǵѧسһ⼸ǴѧĶһˣ˵ö㣬²ðˡ
سһ⣬˵˵
ǴѧĸУһˣλСͬ־Ǹһϰһѧϰϵߣ
ţǵģҵøҵܻܵСӵæҸϱܿǣ
úúðɽ˲ųǴѧУЦĺϲ£죬ѧУᡣ
ѧУĽѧٿǮ࣬ϣŬѧϰΪǵĽ
ѧУǸ׵ͷܴ󣬵ȷͦıֱ
ȻȷλرͰЦرĴ顣
ɳ϶ֻ¶СԴСƤƤҲԾ֮ǰ϶̫û뵽ôã˾һֿ϶Ǳ쵼ӻġ
ССּʹҲû⡣
ѽ
ƤƤС۾գѽգ
˰ƤƤɶѽ
ƤƤһ˾ŸְֻҰ߸ߵɽĺӣĻ
ƤƤС־ͻ⼸䣬⼤˳У쵼ʱСһȤǣƤƤ߲Ըˡ
һѵְ֣~
Ʋ˼ͷӣԼŮݺ˯ȥˡ
ˣоһйɲõԤС
Ȼæüţקɩȥ
ɩڷ
УɶҸ֡
۾򵥵ģƻո㡣
ɩֽʰ㣬Ȼ׷ϡ
Ȼ˸裬ⷿװЩϺýɩʰţȻϡ
ʱˣ廨Ƭŵܲһ
ʱȣȻôʡôõĴը֮һ
ƻŴн˿ϺͰһ£˺õĺܿ죬ûаСʱˣֻĸˣܴ㹻ʮԡ
ĺ˼˼ԷƮζʱ߲·ˡ
ùŮҪæסλʦسߣЩ̵ģǱ
ǰûԹأҲ
⸸ĸսݾͿҪߣϽˡ
׼ңسλʦԶǧԷǸＸˣ
ߵûкܴҲǲֺǵˡ
óƿƣҵę́һûҵأ۾ͺˣ
׼õľƿɵúȣ׼ҿɱ᲻ðг죬Ǻ⣬Ӧϸɲعǰġ
᲻ã㲻һ϶һƿأ
ʦľƿɵúúóھоʦûҼأѧУ˵
ɲ֪ˣʦǰˣᶼǾˡǴѧĸУĪĵ
سعﰵ⣬ԼǸϰȹƵġ
ûһᣬͰѲ˶һĲˣˣ̫ˣ漴Ҳ̫ˡ
ſ˳԰ﻹкܶأ
ԶԶԣǸղŰȻĻףܺóԣɩ˽̰¾Ʋ˽ݡ
æˣݣҪǼصģ




90.   90    

綼ϱڵط, ȻɩҲɷϼ
ƣ֮üɩɩ㲻
Ĳ
ĵ, ȻԼϱѽ
۵ŸɶأѽɩžƱһ¾ƿ, ֻܸ˵뱭
ɶ, ѽȻűһСľ, ذ
޲ԴղǸˣεĸ, һһĶ硣
Цһ۹Ů˼׼ң㿴⺢ҹ߻ˣλʦְ
Ӻãֱˬ
ɲզģĳλܻӡ
ǰҿͬ־ﺢӿҲܺãôûǱأ
ѽ, 벻Ҹ裬Ҳǹ߻, Ҳǿǣǿľͺ, ⲻͿ˳Ǵѧ
سЦ, ᵽǾ²
˳ǴѧҲãУʦƽ, ˵ãߵġ
ǴѧУ˵ţʦԩ·ŵ˳泡ϴ֪ʶӺչˣδԿࡣ
гԼܲʶ
ʦûڵʦĸһҲǹꡣ
ѧУɻ˵
ϣг֪ԼѧʱϵĶ·ŵ泡Щʣû뵽ϾȻǡ
ţʦ
ȻҲֻǧ
ȻŲ֪ûҼλء
극˾ˣȻɩȵĲ࣬㶵һǺˡ
˰ʰɾͱԼϱӡ
ɩͰƵ纬Цϱ
ɩſŲ˽ĺһ~
ã
 
ܾĥԼϱ˱ǹŮֲ
޿̣ϱñӲãŵİѹŮСݣݾͿԼϱëëƵӾӾġ
ϽǰſİȻһ
ϱźž͵һȥˡ
һȥ˸ˣɩȥ˶ˣвٸܶģ粻š
˵ǲ࣬ҪŽգҲȥ
û죬һ͸˴үүô߰
Ǹɶİ
ǰȻ壬Ӱȥġ
ŶŶŶ˳ŵֱߵһҹգҹնͷǼҴžҡ
ϣлл˵žϳСؿȥ
߼СӺϼŵܣ˵ϴôȥʵأ
֪ϴдֶŮĵַ𣿡
ӥ֪˰ɣϴǿķ飬ֶŮ۸û
һ˽һȻӡ
ȻŴްֻèһֻСèһѩˡ
ֻèǶ˫̥èԼƤƤɩŰȻķһĿɰް
ѩƮһҹССӱıQQƤƤҲҪȥ档
Ȼϴްţɩﰾˮ׼ӽݾ͸ݽ裬Ƚˮ
裡裡쿪ţְֻˣСƤƤͣڼſڵϽСܵƵſܡ
Ȼ̨Ķ˭أŹŮߵſڡ
СѾͷѾϵǧˣȻŴ򿪣СŮŴŻλƵľƳȥˣСѾͷЦĿġ
ƵһͻȻ˾ЦҲȻֹСһɻĿűԼˣúÿ
ÿ壬˭ѽСһ޶ⰲͷ
СƤƤүѽɲඣ
үСһûô󣬴۾գգ͵Ŀֿ衣
ȻһӾðˣ壬ôͻȻˣҶˣأƤƤүǸСǹүŶ
裬ˣѽȳǣ
ûޣԼְֶԼǵģ׼û
ƤƤԼֱϣЦõĸֶŮĨᣬԼҲ죺ˣˣ᲻һôҲܸһˣγǰѰƽ͵ĿĵأԲܰҲҪˡ
ŴֶŮԽԽ࣬̾Ա걨רҵʱôûǲҲû£ƫƫ״Ԫ
ȻҲûô࣬ϾǸרҵձ飬ְ߶Уȴʱڣ컹ǻеĻܡ
֪Ұ֪𣿡
֪ǸҶԽӵϼ쵼֪ۼҵģҹģס
ȻྵĹƤƤѾүļϸߵļ档
ֱϴ߶ŷ۵СѾͷҲ̫ɰˣ
Ȼע߼ˣе㲻˼ϺðֶŮ
λѾŶ
ϴŮɰϴ󳤵񣡡
ɲֶŮþϴ󣡡
ɶأ˽ݣ߶䣡
Ŷˣ壬Ҷɩֶӡ
ɩսѡȻһܣҲߡ
ֶŮأɻôʱôûأ
ȥˣƿˣǺȵ㽪ȥƤƤСͬѧҲҪԹԺŶ˺Ŷ
ƤƤŹ˺ˮСƿ۾гСЦеãүҲҪȶŶ
ãүҲȡүǰСǸͷûܹⱲӾͰŮˡ
ȻԱǵһԼϱǵڶƤƤСŮǵԼϱظŮͺˣԼͺСӽ
Сӣˣ
Сһ￴ź˸е£ǿöµӾʹˡ
үˣҵܸܵһߴ󣡡
ԣҸҸ˫̥Сߵͷ
壬ȥһǺȵ㣬˯þһƻ
УǼҹԱɶóԣ
ɩŰæһĸҲɩæˡ
裬ɩզˣأ
ͷ˳Ӹӵţ˵ˣ⻻·ɩſܰææġ
壬ţ裬壬սѡ
㰡ҶɩǹˣҴֶŮҴֶ˰ɣӶҸԺ쵼軵ˣ 
ģܺãТ˳С⺢Ҳã¶
ǣТ˳Թǵͬ亢ӶǸ
ȻæԼﶼãǰͱԼ˶Դˡ
ôᰡ
ţϹöǿսʤ֮ģͲһ꣬峤öȽô˵أͶƵģ˹ĵǴƦ
ɩĵ軵£ԼǴ϶˹ĵ˭֪Ǹ֥ڵġ
ɩϲԼɷ̤ʵĿ׵ġ
ɩûҪһˡ
ɩ٩ϾɩӶû
ɩͻȻɫ糺죬ɬĵͷ
Ȼһ۶ɩɩҲüһɩˣ
ûأ»û
ȻϽõ ɩë֣ˣɩ϶ˡ




91.   91           

Ȼ׼ʰ, ͬͿſͣ
˭ˣϽԺԼŮЦ
һݾϳ, 壬￴ȫҸ
壡
, Сӣʶأúúãûûص, Ӳǿסˡ
ˣǸһ߲ûȥҶˡ
ҹ, ʱһҲи飡
ǿɲУҰѰСӽӻȥ, ûؼأȻҪȴˣ
ˣСأ⿴һۣҲûԼֶ
СҴֶȥˣ⺢֤ϲ
üҵÿ
С˾˺ںڣƤƤүԹŻͻȻĸ첲һڹŮ
ȥϱ
ȥȥɣϺڰĶݣӥȥѰһ
˶Сһﰮ֣ܲӥһĿһƤƤ˵үƤƤɷ໣
СһƵŵͷ
ݿԼϱɩɩæʰʣæʰ, ϴϴ֣ˮ
, ȥ׼ңأ, , ҵȥԣϴϱ, æˣۼЩ׼ྣߣ
裡ɩ֣ųȥˡ
裬Ұææ죡
ˮͽݣϱҲ壬Щûˣ
û£ɩúæҲþûҴֶŮˣݸ룡
УǺæĸĽݸ̸
۵ܣզûأɩԼɷ
ⲻǵĶ̫࣬ҶԺأȻ  
ҲʰϺߡ
ֶŮⶫģĿ治ٰ
һĸȻæ÷ųС
ֶŮܰæû
ɱ̼ҹ©ʱˣ
ͷ˼Цⶼɶʱˣڿѵܣ
ȻƲһۣε壬˵ĵһҾˡ
Σðɣ
ʵЩһֱϢ٣ϱҲڼԺ൱ڱһ굽ͷزȥأÿλȥﵹæܺĽãഺʱ
ϴһ˾Ӷߣ˭Ҳ᲻ãĵˣû˺ˣҲΪЧҲлźˡ
Ϲ㶼ɶˣôЩ
ûɶСĶˣҲ棬һҶģһۼҵģҹŮС⣬϶ϲ
ʲôȻûɶȤôһ˵Ȼ𿪡
ϱһ⣬ʣµڿϲŶһ˳ŴŽңӡ
ϲ廨Ｙۿȡ֮ǰѼЩ
ãʰһϺһ̱㣬˴ϺʣзպΣը㣬һײ˶
˸Ҳ㣬ɩۼ湻ͷ
ãɩ΢΢ۣ϶һҲӲǰһ۶ˡ
ջ𣬰ȻȰʸζ
ȻҲǲȰѷĽƣһ壬֮ˮһһζͳˡ
˼ǵ˵ĸζ񣬸Ũ
СţűϰõĴ¹ըըĴǸҲſſġ
ը裬Ҳ˷ѻըзŹ컹ըԡ
ͣѴϺ½͹ĬȻӵϣͱĵԼϱ
˴ϺǴպΣΪȻϲԼ͵õɣȻͻз
ĹѾˣһء
Ϊ˶࣬ÿҪӣҪǼ롣
ϺȥŶϲꡣ
òãȥҲæ
磬ѿⷿӵóƴһ۶һ飬˹Ǵŷţÿ˶ܹ
磡ȥɽľӦܺȣ׳𣿡 
ӦܣѩĲΡųͷܵӣ£ܲٶ
Щߵⷿ¡
⼸ļƣһææµµﻹƣ㶼ù߹ȥæ
ȻҡͷѲ˶
忴ֶŮһüզԼ
ǰھȥˣƤƤģ˺ö࣬ڳ̳
ãҼǵǼС͸Ŵլ˼̳Ů죬ʱǻ»͵͵үү˽Ǯó˼̳ȥ
Ҷ֪
㲻֪¶أ
үү֪𣿡
֪Ϊ̷أ
ȻЦˣүүҲ̫ˡ
߿զûء
ˣϴϴ󣡴ֶŮƺ㣡ǺЩ⡣
ҴֶŮ
ȻóɴˣŵľҺɢľЩˡ
ϼ˶ȵȲˣȻЦѹ֮ѾƸǡ
ΪȻԼģԳƤƤСҲܺȵ㡣
ΧƴһĿЩ˾ҲЩ΢㶡
Ҿ׼ҹ׼ĸȻȻ˵Űľƺȸɡ
⸸ĸæУǰչǡ
ⱭϲҴֶŮϱѧ⻰˵ĸ⳩죬µľҲЩ
лл壡ȻҲһȫСӵĿģת۵Լĺܿġ
ֶŮСԹϣһζôˣкˣۿЩķ졣
СⱭ㣬ϲ㿼ϱǶҴֶŮԺǼҵıչ˵ĺܺãлл
˵갲͸ˣ˸лû˵ǲǹģһ̳ƶҪˡ
̫ѨֱǷʰˡ  
壬չ˺ϱʲôˣһÿһϱã
ɶأоԷȻˣ㲻Ĳ𣿡
ԶԶԣĺã˴ֶŮôɰŮ
˳ԵĶЩ˼ǰȻĶడ˲ô¿æλ԰ﻹвأͲóˣ
вˣҲˣŸϹҲûԶٷ˹ȫǿרҵѵ
ϱȳԣԼСŮԼһڹŮһڡ
ƤƤϲ㣬ըȥƤϸ۵һСһСڵιԼŮ
ƤƤС춵ţԵ㣺ְ֣
ţŮ
ҪϺϺСѾͷָԼСָðְְϺŽԼС
ϺǰǵϺŽССιŮСڣճŴĵǳԶϻҲ͸һСڡ
ȻԵĿ죬ӹĻ԰ɣŪ
áѰϺ˳־ͷŽԼϱ嶼ﰵͷһ۾ǲ˵ѵġ
ȻСʢһССڵιŮƤƤȹƲͷҪϺϺ
Ŷ
ϱԡԼȻƤƤƹǱླԷ˳ָǵġ
ĸŮЦ밤ס




92.   92    

˵ָЩ·, 弸Ҳˣڼӹһ, Ȼʰ
Ҳ̺ܿã˶, Ҳ˼, ɩҲ, 켸ϴסˡ
ƤƤ˯ȻȲĻӣʼ
ȻӦ·, һ򿪿߻вӣһߵ·Ѹش
ȻȣȻ޷ʱ𣿰ȻѺɫ޷ϱеӦġ
ͳСڴҲǺɫģСһ㣬ӦǹŮ, Լġ
Ȼ̲סԣȻ, ʽҲܾ䣬Եͻֲʱ, 
ô, ϲ𣿡
ϲϹϣ
㣡§סϱԼϱһͲԸȥ, ëش䣬ް˺ܾòҵģëǱöëоģǱũġ
ͣ߻б׼ϲġ
ģ֪ϱϲ鱦Σ԰ĶûϰԼͻˡ
Ȼֿͬаɫĸɫ޷
óһͻȻһµľӣȻ˲䱻ߵʯֹۣǶ̵̣µָ룬Ȼû뵽
ϱ΢ŵС죬ûסһ£ϲϲԺŸ򡣡
ϲԺģ
ãϱģϱȽҶİɣ
ڶһ磬緹ʹŰˣȻЩᣬϾܵû뿪ԼͻȻˣȻġ
Щޣǰ˵ж᲻ᵯ걧סԼ㣺㣬ǹ챱Ǿܼˡ
ãǮƱţԵõģϲɶ򣬲˸绰طʼĵĵַ
ۼҵɣ㶼ţ⸬㿾ıɣаСɣϺɣɣ⣬ȳԲñģûš
ԶԶԣܵЩţͽȥŶ
Ȼû뵽Щ·ͻȻղŻõʲôСģΪǰĶԭǳԵġ
ﻹްʱͳǱ߱䡣
ãչ˺ҽƤƤ꿴һƤƤûѣ˳͵ˡ
ϱ§û£ϱǾܼˣҪǹͻȥò
áȻţ૵ġ
ԭߵӿǰˣݰϱ˯˵¡
ֵɳϣ磬ҺϼƳһǾͳ㿴զ
УҲд⣬ǻȥʡŵʱץϹ
УС꣬۸˵һǱ߸ɩ
ݣɩѾ˱ӣڿϿǣզ
ϱ˵ǳһߣҺϼȥǣڻҲڡ
УϹ㿴ۼҷˣʱ򵽱ӦҲСķӣҲܰѺһֱϼңѺӴš
ɩ˵ίޣۻˣæϱ§˵ѺӼĸԽ᲻á
ϱȥۺϼһ¡
ţ
ֻ˿Ȼʵû˯ﲻþҲҵ¸ɡ
һ˵Ȼ磬ССŰɣ۳Ҳ£ھзӣԵͼת㣬Ǳ߷ӹҲûжǮ
ʱھӣѺҼңүסҼоԱԱķʱû⡣
ϹۼǲѧСԺסм䣬һסү̣һסҡ
УѧǴѧţѧУмۼңҲһףʱ㻹ء
ԣǱֵĻһЩϽַʳͻ˼ٿǮһֶˡ  
ǵҸǮɣҲǰڱиСˡ
Ȼģ磬㲻ǮʱĺԺССȡϱһŮأСŮļױˣ
еĶã㵽ʱкõģҲۣҵʱ򿴿ѧУôʱСŮ
ʶȽԶȻóһСԺķƱ磬һٽʳġ
øٿǮʱʳ϶󣬲Ȼһٽܻӣ٣Ƿӻһǧء
Ķ磬ǸڵĲ˶٣ԺСһٿǮ͹ӸסС
Уֵˣ˵ⷿƱɩܰģСһ뿪ûаȫС
Ҷ硣ȻһٿǮ˷Ʊ˱ǾֱӸ
ɩû뵽ðѷӵ¸ӵ¶ˣǸм֪˵ʲôá
ϱ۴Ŷӻذȥ
Ϲã߷ûǱ˷ӣǸлø۵ܡ
ԣһ˲˵һǿ۳ȥ˳·ӣٻ
á
۵ãȥĸǰ˵ˣؼҹ꣬㳵˰
϶磬ССӻȥҲС
ˣڸ𣬰Ӵߡ
У㿪עⰲȫ
ɩ˳·˺ӱֱίԺ
ĶҲһùиۼõĺǵɽ
гί棬ǿŴСС¥ģЩ¶Դ֡
쿴ǲгҹŮŮ𣿡
ټ֣ɶϡġŮ˷˸һ䡣
ɩĽãȴ˵ɵˣɵƵ׷ǣǲʱԼ
ǺһĸԼһ£ԼǺĵ֪
ϣСٲýСⶼ˸߷֣ǱǴѧĴѧˣ
ʲôôܣҲϢҪҲûμӸ߿ѹͲڼԼɷС챾ǻҫġ
ǿŷС͹ˣỹСģ˶˴ѧû˼ˤžͽˡ
ŮмƲһۣĽĿųӭɩӣզ˼Ҿôš
ĶӹλӣŮɵģɵɵҸСгϢ˫̥ŸָǮģֶ˴ѧ
ĽĽ
ߣ˶ңһռɳֽʹˣûӦ
ͻȻŴ򿪵ľͷ˳ݱ㿴ŮŮӻˡ
裡ָأ
أСЩɶ
ⲻôǺҸǼ죬¸˵
ǲأ䡣
˾ˣ˾ˣӿ˾ð⣬ವľ˵ϡ
˸򣬺ڼʱӱ
˾ˣզʱ䲻
˾ǲǲҸ
̾ȻǶԵģֹۡ
룬˾զ󱦶˾˸˺öء
룬ĶһؼˣҪӼֱǻħ
ݸɶأզ
ү
үˣ
ҵĹŶү
ܣöզˣڼҹ𣿡
ǺϼƳһߣ裬˴磬ӣ᲻øҼš
ţӻǸŰ衣ǸҹûүӵǰݣЦ
ʱզ죿
ҵõܵ˵˰Ŵһа̸Ա
ţ߶˼Ҳá
ҵзһתһס
һһ㶡




93.   93          

һ٣
𾪣
Ƭ̣Ӱ, ֣Ǯ߻УҲ, Ҳ飬ôǮԺǵġ
һ, ε̫ѨǮ˵
, ƭǸɶ, ûǮ߷ӻģҵüҵʳ, кü䣬һ䡣
⺢Ҳ˵ѵӱ˼զģһת壬иõܵܣϱҲһȣպҲ
֪İ֣ѺӴȥˣżٴǶϣҪȥˡ
ĸЩĶ, ͷӣͷЩŵ, ĸۣȥɣָڼҲġ
ϷĸѹŮнݣŮ, Ůϴѧ, ʱﶼǮƱŪãǮҲ, ʱѴָ绰
ɩ˽ĸˣĸҲˣŮû뿪ԼôԶء
߱㱧ƤƤϱһ˵⡣
ڿźӹҪʱѺӱ˻
裬˵£ƤƤԼҡ
ԶԣܰѺӼңɶ£⸸̸ӶˣѬӡ
ģ裬Ҹϼһ£ѺҲȥǾſѧ֮ǰȥϤϤȻѺӸĸ̣ӲԸ⡣
ɶʱߡ⸸ĬĳһѾ˵̡
ԭƻ壬ǻǸó˳һ硣
ô죡
⸸̾ȥ㣬һѩأȥϤ
ţҸҲôģгżٻ͵Ҳ㣬ʱӹȥĸ
Ҳá
Һϼƽҹ꣬ǳ
ȻõģϾһҪǳž۾ͷѾˡ
ãҪȻҲҪǻģ趼׼ˡ
۾׼ʢҳƤƤҲ˯ˣĸͰѺˣȻ˻ؼҡ
˼ңȻһݵ·Ķһשһ߶ŪãȻ᲻¡
ϱ·Ƕţɳʲôĵʱٸﶨ
ãǰѶŽռ䣬ʱ˵ˣǴЩЩ촩ڳϡ
áȻһ·㶼ս˿ռ䣬ĺر࣬ȻҲսռ䣬ŹƹԵ궬ˡ
޸⼸꣬Ȼ˺ܶɻĸĺģ˵ܶܶˣȻսռ
ϱгҲţʱƨϡ
Уľڼҽơ
ãԿ׵ʱʱʰʰ
š
ҲûɶˣϹȥһųΣʱѴϣС޿˯
ţȥ
ȻȥˣҲûɶ£žͽ˿ռ䡣
˼࣬ŵκ۵۱һ衣
һϺЩɶ˿Žﶳϡ
ֺЩһһֽóռ䣬ûȻõ˺ݡ
ϱأȥϱɶأ
ղ˵·ϳԵĶʲô
§סԼϱѵúСӶڼңɲܹˡ
ڶС꣬Ȼ۸ˣҪҪ̧˻һ
զϱԲϹˣ
Ͻҩϱҩ
Ȼÿζ˵Բÿζġ
ϱϱ~ҩֻʵȻЦˣȥҶˣ
̾Ϊϻܸϱһεġ
ȻʹһţզûⰡǣ
Լϱһڣ˵أ
֪Щϱ·ɳϣԼܿĵط
һ磬ЩϺƬ࣬˼Щ±Ƭ˵˲輸ϡ
ȻҪֱץ˻ȥڻ룬һ࣬˴ιϱ
ȻҲź򣬶ָ֪Լһʲô
ϱԵЩʣ촽Өɷ˵ĺסƷ
İ緹ѾˣСȥǱ߳ԲȻѼһ ҹҪ׼ʳҲһȥ
ŶϱԺһסˣ˶֪ɶȥˡ
ϼȥ˰ɣ·ҵשͷµԿףŰѶŽȥ
ĻѾҪˣǳȥһʱˡ
һͻˣϹѼ˰ɣҿ۰ֶʰɾˡ
Уϱ㿴ϺзϺۼƤƤϲзϲ۵ʰɾˡ
ϽŪҰϡ
ϱֻ⻹׺õء
ԣˮ
ϱһǸʡ
ȻϼҲѣպ⻹⣺ϹûжûеĻؼȡ
׼С˵˵ؽѣȻĶ۵
ȻûæһɩһҾ͹ˣ˵Сϣأ
øүү̳ˣһͻˣõɶѽ
õ֣õġСһֱ˺ߡ
ɩЦСһԹϣ⺢ӡ
ȻͻȻɩƹһгҪţûУȥǿӣ㿴飬д󱦴Ѿ 
Ǯ϶ھˣǲ֪ɩҲԣһԵﳵҲɶҲûС
ɩЩĶҪǴ˭ǲңҲܹôãسǲ˵˵ۼƾԼСҹˡ
ãУϸһ¡
ȻϲɩҸɣɩҵʱ򵽾Уθ绰ʱȥ͸红һ𳵹ȥ
á
ոɩ˵껰ͿߴźӸ⸸ĸһˡ
裡ƤƤȻҪүү¹ŮˤŸоȥӡ
ְ֣
û
ƤƤһڰְϣˣְ֣үүǺ«ˣ
оˣճְһǡʪ־ƤƤɾСС졣
ְ֣ɾ
ɾģ
ǷűСһ˵ġ
ѹŮˣƤƤ˵ϣһ˱һȡ
ҵŶСһ￴Щ衣
ãҸ֣ɵȫûõ˼Ͻܹȥá
ȻٸƤƤģСӻرϲģƤƤСϣŸ֡
СһСİһֳַ飬һͣһŲ
ССһųԵĿɰˡ
ССһŽүү֪̣ǺŶ
֪С壡
֪Ȱȣ
ССԴϣСģϡ
ŻسϱɻҲջûһ򷹲˾Ͷˣ˸ɫζȫĲһ
С꣬һ˶һϡ




94.   94           

, һ˶լꡣ
һŮһͮͮСëСè㣬ݺõƿŮɳϹԹԵġ
·, ϱˡ
ȻԺ۾ͿԼϹһ˧, ԼϹһڣ, Ůأ
˵, ɳء
ţ˵˰ɩ𣿡ȻѸϽ·
ˣʰءϱ, ϱһĴ·
˹ԣȥϴˣϱЬԼϱһ˯þģϡ
ȻճݣƤƤĴ۾ˣ裬
Ŷû˯ûŶ
ǰְֱ
һֱſСֵƤƤСһڰְֱ˰Ȼһ, ȻҲһԼСԹԡ
ƤƤˣЦıŰְֵĲϱ
Ůȥһ¡
˵, ͬʱƤƤϱˣЦ
Ȼʰ, ɩǱҲɳϵˡ
һȥ, һѾˣҲԺ⸸мһԺġ
Ůڳæµ, СӾԺҴ˲ÿϵЦⶼֹס
ԲΪҪߣҶϾǰѺóС
Ҳ׼˺ÿһë
ƤƤĺƤƤллְ֮СŽԼСܰϣСģԹԵŶ
ƤƤǸֵĹǺɩ磬Ҳ˺ӺȻƤƤˣҲûҲƤƤѺŽŮ
ҹĽӣ˱ؼˣڶһ㰤Ұȥ꣬ҪǼҶزˡ
ǰ춼ʰ˰ȻĿ˿ĲõļңڶĴߴ˳
ʻߣڳϴӣɩȻһһߣӾм䣬Ķƨϻг
СһＤڳȥͬ£澢ȥĲĥء
ȻߴĶ࣬ڳϸɩűӰҲۡ
ǰ߿·Ͼͣ任Խ߿ԽǺ
ۣ㿴ǰôףѩɣǰ·𣿡
ܣû¶磬ߣ㿴·ѹʵˡ
Ϲ㿪㣬·ʵڲ۾Ҹ˯һޡ
ƤƤ̣СС𣿡
Сһ￴úţ̣ʿˮ
Ȼëŵţ̻µĸɩɩ·ϵߣιȣϹһҸطͣһᣬ۳Ե㶫
һҲǣỹûر䣬˸ƽ̹ĵطͣ˳
¯³֦ȼůˮȡ
ϱˮˣ
ˣȻϴްЬŹʵƤƤ˳ɩҲһᡣ
ɩҲǰܰɶ  
ðɶȻѽĸõĽ¹Ϻ¹ȹ򿪰Žȥ
һ棬ѷó
ĸ󷹺УģĽӸɶľͷŲˡ
һ޹ĿŰȻȻĸӳѽϺ̽ȥһˡ
ɩϹʹԣ¶ˣ½ӵģʵڲоͲҪˡ
Уôţ˭˭ʢ
ѶϳɩѴһšȻϡ
ȻóһСССӣŮЩϺСһӸ
СƤƤǸСԻƽʱƤĲУԶʱˡ
ɩԶӾͱȽϲˣһ룬һӣټһСӳԵĺģǸСƵġ
һγˬ⽴ˣ߳߿ŹŮŮʱʱӵԵġ
ɩȻһٰһٰӾͱˣٺһɩͲ붯ˡ
˳Բ˵ĶԼˣҲ˺ûˣȻ߰ѹѩϴɾһůˮȣٵů
Ե履ľͻ磬ɩǰ߸ྣں˯
˯洫ȾСһҲˣƤƤСʳûԾ˯ˡ
翴˯ˣҲС£§װ˯ûһ˯ˡ
ɫڣ·Ҳһھһ·һֱС
ˣûİѹŮʳ򿪣óЩɩõĵģָϱɩһЩ
ɩιһЩȻ԰ɣҳԲˣ̫ࡣ
ȵˮ˵ˮϱ˿ڿߣʱŵ࣬ᶼߵˣƺҹܵ
磬ҿᣬɩں˯
ҲЩۣ˸ĵطȻҲǰߣɩ˵ˮ¡
ʮǿƻ·¡
죬·³ͬ־á
ͬ־ãʾ֤óڱ
侯һ۱ʵôǸʲôϵĶ˭
ͬ־ϵϱҶɩﺢӣѧϱǱˡ
ѧģн𣿡
С¼ȡ֪ͨһ
СȻ𾴣üһһӶǴѧ
סĵط𣿡
ллģǴһҸдȻȥ˼
õģ֤㣬ˡ漴Сսʿ͸һˡ
˱ǣȻϹȥ룬ǰЩʰֱסȥˡ
УһСʱ˺֣Ȼ̼ҿһƬɶҲ
뿴çʵ˯ĲˣżһͳŲ鿴
룬ţçȻһûһš
һŵİŸϽţСڣˣզôϢһ
ˣѴѧԺʰõĸһԿףˣҺӲǸ
ãҸȥ
ݲһṦһԿ׳СڣѧԺ·һŵԿףǸѧУҲģҶʰˣ춼µģϱɩϴģһӦȫ
ģˣǻ˼ҾͲżȥҲҰȥ
ϣ֪ˣ
Ҳ֪·Ȼ㿪ѧȥȻ˴ѧǾͿѧԺ·߶Ƕ̣ұ߱һŵСĺԺ
ȻһӾͿǸ·ˢһԺӣŻм·ˢġ
ѳͣſڣȻһȦﶼǸɾġ
Ҳһζɹġ
Ȼסߣɩסߣ¯Ͽϣϴϴ˱۵˯ˡ
ݿ˯Ķӣϱʵһˣ
ţ˵ȥ˼ٹȥ
ϱɸֵĴһ£ҵɶʱţͻһأɼӣʰʰû͹ȥ
С˵Ҫȥء
Ҫ㣬Ÿȥ϶ûʱ׼˵ﻹкöˡ
ԶԶԣȥҸ˵һϰ
˵봩·ϺȥҴ硣
çܵһ˵˰Ǯصˣã˱ɶĶãû˾ĺԺȥ




95.   95             

ΪϤ, §ϱŮ˯Ĳ̤ʵ
ϱŮ˯죬жΪ͵һݾͿҲ·ˡ
ղ¯Ӹųȥ
̧ͷͿ, æ磡ҸҸ磡
˿һôô磿ߵŲ䰡ǲҪȵ, ݡ
ϣ
Ÿг, , Թ˵ģ治ٵġ
Ҹ˯
ã簳žС
Ҳ˯, ɴ
˿粻߱˻Ъţ˵ͻȻط˯ţ˵鳵˯Ķˡ 
뿴һ۵磬Ȼ۰˶һ£ԺԽӸСڡ
Сһ磬üҲܿ
ĿܴܿԱա
ǣҷǿˣ
ɶ, ֱ󺺰ǮһԿóʱۻˡ
һʱûӦ, ϵɴ۾ֱС϶һ, ŷӦ
ǾͰҹˣճŵĻȡ
ͷȻզ, 
٣ôҲƽŵܵܵ, Աˡ
оЩ֡
֣ܲȫСӹʺˣԼһҲûôЩǮ
ĸ˼򵥶˾ͶСʱ춼ˣȻûһȥͿĸ˸СɽƵǮ
Ǹʲôأ
СˣҸҸ绹Ǯأˣ
ɶ
ȥ˵ûǮͶˣҸϽȡ
ȻǷˣжˣ
ˣĶƱݶյóһŷƱһԿס
ȻȻĵظоյ鱦ɶġ
磬𣿡
ͷˡ
Ȼóʮһ˷һ룺պãǽ𡣡
˷䣬ɶ˼ʮҪʼˣ㿴Ըⵥɵľ͸ʽԸµĵʱǰ룬Ǵ󷽷İӿ
ֵǷַ֣ЩҲϱ趼ŵµģúò˼ҡȻﲻ֪ʹԼпɽ˭ֲľսĸԼϾ֪һ᲻ᱻһˡ
غˣ쳹׵ˣʹЩҲΪˡ
ϣ֪ˡ
ѧȿʱϽؼϱҡ
ϣСڣЩǸôԶ϶׼㣬ʱҲûɶû
Ȼ˵ޣüһҵĺ߹һϼһȥⶼˣ
ֵܲ˼Сڣȥɣ
ãĳԣ϶кõģϽؼһܴϱĸķ
ϣǰˣ  
ﰡϵ
ϣ
ˣȻǮ磺磬Ǯȥɣ쵼İȫ˻
߰ϱ
粻֪쵼˭ҲˣϾôû׼ͱߣˡ
װǮЦ־ҶװװװԼȥ
ЦˣǿɲУҪҹŮŵױġ
üһҶŮˣҹŮʱﲻƽ⣬˵ҹŮҶˡ
Ȼ˵۾ЦеģǶɵСŮҹŮĴˣ
ҵŭֱСӵĽȣ
װһվֱֱû뵽һװǮ۳
ǮϳɩҿźӣȻڸʻ˿ķƱϹȥʹ
ȥϿСʱ㵽ˣһưܲĴţңֻкС̨ϡ
ȻŵĿɻֺլţڿҡҡ׹ľţҪƵġ
ѴԺӣȻÿŶûլӣ˵ãҲ͸ط㡣
ҵ˵ԺС˰СʱǰȻûӰǮ²ǵ
С񷿣ҵߵǽôҵĵطһƣſˣǸС  
СһŴһ̨һǿ񷿵סģȻҪǰѹ
ϱקߣѹ¥ݳǰʾϱֵͲ
ȻֱøǿֵͲһ۾һ£պܸɾʰϱ
Ȼַϣȥ߹һ켸׵ȱ㿴һӡ
ȻԿװ򿪣ЩΣʯʯɶģнӡ
һЩÿĴϵõҲЩҲա
Ȼӣսռ䡣
ϱ㿴ɶ
ǿֵͲϱһգϱп鲼
Ϲ²ҸоǸţȥ¡
ȥʾϱӣȻóAӣȥһקŷʯŴˡ
ϱеõģϱǸݣģ
ȻȥѾȥˣϱݡ
ȻһֲģȭͷҹǶһǽһ׾һԡ
ԲʲôҪĵطʲôûУǿֵӾǰһһӾͿš
ڶݾͲһˣȻӵ漣ЩѾˣ۵ָǸǸʱӹ죬ǧ꾰ǰ
Ȼսռ䣬һ춼ҡ
֮Ǹֵıռ˺üӣķâڵʱǶ
ȻѶսռ䣬ңȻʯ鴮ĴűʯľӣѳǽĽשҹ飬ɢĸ飬ŵ̴
û⣬Ͼʦ˵ǰĹüңҹƶܹȫճԱǿˡ
ƶˣԺ̫ưܣҲûֵҵԭɡ
²ǵͫ|
ϱɣҿǱҲţ֪ͨ
ŰȻûһˣһݣԡߣڶûˮŸ̾ˡ
мţϹʱ
УҹǼӦͨ⡣
ܰɣ
ôܣ۾͵þߵĿӷסʡıĨ
ȻһҲǣǰûΪǰߺٴ󶯣оǸõĿںΣǹЩ꣬ش󶯣н裬ͻϣҲᱻ֣󻹿š
Ȼ֪ôԶѵãǱջȥǿɾ͵òʧˡ
Ȼ˸۵ķӣҲеңǲ󣬰ѱ˽ȥ
Ϲһϰ˵ϰȡզ
ԣϲϾʱ򻹲˭мһʱ򣬻ô󵶺ӣǹģЩһͲ
ϱȥһ˰ٻ¥
ȥˣⶼʮˣʱ򣬽϶ɩӣ̼ңƼ˶ء




96.   96         

ղŵ˰Եζ, ЩըԣСһԵĽζ
ȻЩ˵油һһϳү̼ҿȥ
С, Ǹǲһ㿴·ߵС̯, ȥը, üһһ͡
ų, ·ߵ̯ӣӦҲ⼸µ£ߵķ϶Ǳ硣
ţǹ䡣
ððһûȥٻ¥أһɣɩ·С¥
裡Ҳȥ
ƤƤɶ, 軳û£۾Ŀߣ֪ڿɶ
ѵÿŹŮɵʱ򣬿§ϱĹŮŮһҪĽҪС
ң˶꣬ɩҲϱˡ
СҲɷŮ, Ҳżܵڼҡ
СһҲڣڰҶ۾, Ͼû٣Ҫȥġ
С忴ŶɩЦ꣺, ɩ, ҴֶŮǲҪˣ˵ɶʱûСûĵҲ֪۴ţ
ɲզѾͷ֪Ҹɩأⶼ˭ʱļ, һȥѾͷ
СЦ
ģãȻȻڱˣٲЩˡ
ǰ˵ȻȻϷѧԺˣɷأ
ɩĴϱɫ˲ϲŵıðɩüĺݺһ塣
ϴϱǸ಻ģͲøЭ
ҲǲϲǰԽԽ̱⼸Ҳᡣ
ɲţ˵ʲôСȻȻʲôʱֵ๡
ҪߣսСͦӳźܲƵĽһƲӣСطľСûмȸ۴˵ȻȻ㻹䡣
ΪȻȻ׷ӣ˼Сû㣬ŮǸȻȻȫ״ԪüѧУȥˡ
ˣ˵㣬˵Щɩ񻹲ˣôҸġ
ʲôҲûã˵ǰȻǰ꣬ڼҵƤҲǽһһֻ˵ȫ߿İۡ 
ʲô
ڿСϱž˵ҲûܣүүҲûܣҲɲϱ
˵϶Ӵ˼ҵӣôϱث
ϵãˣҲû뵽Լû¸ϱСǸ˺üԺܲ˵ġ
Ϲ~ңСһ־ȵıԼ˱ϡ
С˳§סϱŶӣ԰Ů°
ɩɫӲ۷Ǹɶأа绯ɺͳǿһĵĿˣɩֻܰѽĻȥ
Ӹϱ˾ǿ֣ŲΪĴ磬ϱҡҡͷҿԼԸ˰ˡ
ʱںϼƣԼ˼ǾҽԺԺɣľګôԼ˸˾Ƶġ
ؿ࣬Ը񣬺üһＴʹûһѪǿ
ȻѹͲһףۼҵĿǸԼҹŮһսģսһⲻס
һᵽŮӻŮӼʹװɣһӶǸɶģˇNɪ֣үӶЦˡ
 ȥ˭ˣ
õүү
СüСܳȥš
ʲôõˣһȥݾͿͯС۱ԼŮ
Ȼ³ͿһԼõķС̫Լš
С̫¶СԴȻ˭ѽ˭ѽ
˭ѽȻС̫ǰruaһС
ͯСۣƯ˭
ûҵƬ㣬ǰȻ
Сһϸϸ˿СԴʣСֶŮأ
أѶСƤƤ
ۣÿɰͯС۳˴ţǰƤƤСһСá
ǽԱС𣿡
ͯСһСܵƵľ˵Ȼϡ
ڰȻϰ߱ŮˣһӱС̫
أȻͯû
ˣڷ䣡
ȻСһཱུһζԹɵģԼŮֻ˯ʱôɰ
ȵͯСۣôĶҲ
ŮϣŮˣƽһƤƤֱӾˣ۵ľͿˡ
һӾצˣ۵ܹȥæҵıޡ
ƤƤŵˣһӱ˱ȥϣСίţ۵ֿˡ
ŶƤƤ⹫ް 
㶼ЬһȻȻȻˣ
㣡ͯԸ󣬵һȻͱСӣವܹȥ
զѹԹˣ̫
̼һչӣСŮ
ֻڵ»ţ⺢ӳء
ƤƤһ̫СƨɶŰ
˾ίˣһСίͰ͵ġ
ԱȥһɼˣզԱˣ
类һӾΧţҲˡ
үү϶Ѷȥ
ÿСŮϰֵĻ
үүһյСƤƤǰóһѴǣղ˳ָץġ
Թԣ̫үүѽǸԹԣ
ƤƤһԼϮֵĶģ̫үү̫ǹԱƤƤǹԹŶ
ŶԱŶȻû˵ϣСһͽˡ
ݣҲûһҵˣɩҲûڣССǸͯС浽һ
ɩΪɶŮҶɩҲأûôûɫмҲһ˱Ǵѧ
СﺢûҲʣͯĿϷѧϵ
ǾöˣԼǲŮΪʲôô
ƤƤһ˶бȫΧסСɵƤƤ˵
СûӶȥС۲СѾͷܿȥˣỹʲôװˣͷɼˡ
СڿϹСЦĿģ߸һүں졣
ĸСðɩŻţ⼸СƤƤŪ
ƤƤССһʵѹ֣̰Сһﱧ־ˡ
үү˶С룬Ѽ˼͵ģӴ춼óСĻ벻ԡ
үһɼ⼸СӣôԼ
ȫûôСһǻûϡء
СһƤʵǰˡﻰ˵ڣȻŴĸǲ֪ڰй֮޲
ʱ䣬кŴɩһȥˣСӿ⼸ˣ°Ѽﱦˤˡ
ƤƤˣžСү˯ˣСøϽüͣ£æӣóСӡ
ССİƤƤСϣһΧСһСڱϿš
Ȼ졣




97.   97    ϼ

ǾͶԸųԵ, ¥ˣһ绰ø
ɩ, СϾʹ绰˸ᣬ˵ǶԸų, Ҳ˴, ùϺ, ǰϵķǽЩС
Ȼһ˯ĹûܣСһء
, ÿţСһûϢã˯أȳԣٳԡ
ǳԣҿţ
ȻҲүˣһзڳ¡
Сҹģ  
û壬ǿ̫ѧУǱߵķסһҹ
ŶǱ߶ʰ, ǰҸɩȥأòСҸæƤƤСӵģ
ȻѰ˼Ѱ˼, һҲδɡ
Ǹһ£ѧôأ
Ҹָĸʱ, ʲôû, Сܸ˵һ
϶ϰ࣬ҸͷȥϹӵĶ, øȻȻС
СЦˣǾһȥ£ȻȻǱ߷Ӵأʱɩܴӡ
ҪҸСҲҸ׶԰ˡ
Ŷ׶԰ôҲ갡
ǣҴˣ
Сæģɲܰϰô
ССһ࣬Ϥһֱ꣬СѧģҴ绰ҾҺˣСҲֱȥࡣ
үү϶һۣԽԽȥ
ллС壬鷳ˡ
鷳ϼǱ߻ǸƳѧˮʱɸҸɰ
С˵ЦĻﶼת˸ȦԼʲôˣ˵⻰뵱С硣
˵ѧء
ɲզģʮǰıҵ֤ǰ춼ҷˡ
С磡Ǹأҷ𣿡
ԶԶԣ˸㣬ʦ֪ڸʲôأʱȥһˣ㻹ûҵء
С쵼ô꣬СôһһǸѧˡ
Ҳֻ´ ôĻȥǱҲҪȥѧУء
䣡أѧߣССһѧϲã
ǿԵģҪȥʵظ⹫Ŷ
أҲȥˣûС飡
Ȼ˶ӡ
ǰС۾⹫⣬˾˾һȥңСССֶŮ
̰СﱧϵģԼСŮŮôܴźܣ
裬ۼİǸ𣿡
ţıĺãȫԺá
ɶõģŮ۾Ͱᣬĺ˶ﻵˣ
У
ʱ䣬극ȻСûɩСźһȥ伯ǰ˸ҿ˯ĺСƤƤء
ԹĿϱֻܸҵŹŮѣһСѾͷһûզ졣
·ϰȻһʵôӿأ
ǴɩȢϱģϴҲƣ϶ûᡣ
£Ҽ˵ɩػ۰ֻж磬ܸܲ
ǰҽôԺӵġ
ǰһ̽ҼҰأûþҪˣʱԺߵĽȻԺһӶٱˣٱöҽ֮Ժ
ġ˻һû뵽ˣֻСһ֮С
Сãǲ֪ʲô˵
СһĪ⣺֪ʱ򲻴㣬ȻȻû͸ǰߴɩ˵˽ˡ
Ҳû˵ɶ֪ɩսҽʹ⵫ǴС
ֶڴ£˵ôɩôߣҽԱô縺Ҳˡ
֮ɩȺսʤ翭ȴսʱ粻Ӧô裬ҹǴ粻ɩһӡ
ȻԼСǷḻ󲮵Ϊ˲ĸѰǴ󲮸ĸӦǲҸġ
ǺôһͰѪ
˵͹ȥˣŮ˵Ծǹ֣ũ󼯣ǹζ
䣡ҪǺ«
裡ҲҪǺ«
Сɩ̫ͬˣ
С~ 
~
~
Сһ˲ѰȻΧסȻһ㲻úʧ
үǺ«զ
ɽһһëǮһӹ󣬰ͷⶼǴɽ髣Ҳĺܣ
ȻŵȷǺ«󣬼۸Ҳ
үܱ𣿡
Ů٣ϺǺ«ܸһӣⰾǲǣԴ࣡
үҪһѣݰҲв
үһˣһҲˣ˲ˣСҡҡͷ˺ҲСӰ
УŮҸүóǺ«һݰϲ塣
үˣӵģСøоš
У㿴ЩǮ
ѾͷЩɽ髵һëЩˣУ
õģллүȻǮһǺ«СʱԸСһǿ϶ҲҪ
ۣ㣡ö࣡ԸСһ𣿡
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СһĶִֺͮͮɽ髣˾һһĳš
ǰ߿ȥ㣬ҴȥǶûУ
С˵ҸСЩ
һдžο㣡
Сͦ࣬˸š
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Сվը̯ǰ߾߲ˡ
Իûȥ
ܸԣĻб𣿡
ܣж֭ȦԶ˿㲻
Ǿ£Ҫһ붹֭ը⣡ȻȻҪһ붹Ȧأ
СãҪըһ붹ԣȦ
ҲһСܳԣ
ϰڼȦ
ϣϰֽķźΣŮ˸Ķ֭ԣСãǳԣٸǼӣ
ллллȻӹӿó
һȦըˣζǲһŴɳ̵ġ
ȻСö֭轹ȦԵ̫㣬ûסҪһ붹֭ڳԵ˿ֱ̫ůˡ
˷ʳ᳹׳ˣҲԸ⶯ˣɴߡ
һͿ˵ЦͯСүϽϱĿӹ
ƤƤүϣһǰסŮСѾͷо⹫
Сüͷһ壺⣡⣡裡
ȥ
ϱŵһǺ«ӹȻԼŮ˰ɣ
Сһ۾Ǻ«תְְֱ֣
ŮСǺ«ץ оһβļǺ«Сһ
лл⣡ƤƤǺ«Цļ۵ġ
ѹŮӹ¹ŮǺ«Ƶϱ
С￿ڰְϲ豧ģ
뵽ʲôСһƨɣԼŮá
̾˿ѰȻëģĵզ




98.   98    ¥

迴ŮõĶ֪Լҹ, ԼҹСͻỨǮ
ݶҪˡ
үСʱıЬҴƤƤȥᣡ
ȻźߵĺӶĽʵ˳ǿûжôʵʱ, ˡ
У̶أ
⹫Ҳȥ
ҲȥҲȥ
һȥһȥ, ǮȥЬ, һһ˫
, ֱСұΧסܶ绰Ǳ˳
һü˫Ьһ˫, ϡҲͰôߺˡ
ЬϵȻܵСȻƤƤһڣͯĸͯС۶аӣһĿڣܵܣСӡ
Ҳ̫Щ, һҲŹȥ
˻٣һôһӶЬĽˡ
סĶʶ˶, ̸ֱӱС嵲ˡ
бֵ˸߼, ûʲô, ̰үүöӰС£С档
Ȼϱһʱ, ҪһѧһҲŮչʾһ¡
һֱ۵ĸоԼϱŮϲŵڱ裬
ÿһ㶼ԼԾĿ⣬ϱСֻԼ衣
ţžͺˣֻһһԼϱա
ȥ˼µҷˡ
ģ治˼λŵŮʿҸմӸ۳ǻҾֵݣȥȡƬ𣿡
õġ
֪˵٣ΨһܵõƬ;
ְ֣
ϱΧ˻ûӦǰϱסϱ
Ժ󵱸ȫְ̫̫ң
ã㣡
ɵȻס䣺ԸһԸأ
ʧίĴ󹷹ƤƤסְֵԴСüͷһС˵ӣ裬Ҫ۸ְ֣
ǲ۸ְˣ
Ȼ˵ĻСһɿĸְֶߵְ֣ǵøǣȻ»Ҳˣ
ԼСް©ˣ
ԱְֿԸǣǽ첻Գˣ̫үүĺܶǣֳǺ«ϺúˢڳԿ𣿡
СһͷѱЬϣϱڱϣȥˣ


Ȼû뵽Ȼô죬仹ǱŹŮԼ̼ñӶҪյˡ
СƤƤ軳ǰȫģЦĹģϱŵļľ
㣡С
ҲСٻĺҲҪ棡
С壡Ҳ棡
üСһһһıСģ˼Ȧˣ治ˣϽ¿ɵĻС塣
û˰峵ͱŹŮ϶һһ¾͵ͷٽ档
Сһž˯ˣְѺӽӹǸᣬҴƤƤȥ˯
ıȥˣæŻˣüһƤƤ뿪߰
ˣǣϱţðȻװһӣȻƵĽš
˶࣬Ȼ봸ҲԼ˵СȤζԼǰɰ
֪Ϊɶ̸ҪˣװܸС׽Ҫ¸Сôס
һ̣СԴϷת͵ԼŮѧỬռˣҲҪְֵӢˣëûСƭˡ
켸ͷ󺹣˶С¼ϱŻȥˡ
ɫҲ˻Ьߣ·ߵĺܰģС˱ס 
ϱСûһ͵ˣ·͵ء
ѱЬ£һ̨С忪Ľγֿ˱źӼһҲˡ
һ·˵Цоûжþ͵¥ſڱӯţŲﳵʱǺټġ
ӭһ¥ȥ
¥ǰüľǹˡ
Ȼ˸㣬Ҫ˸ǽֵ㡣
ǰǵóԣ
Сǽĸóԣ
Ůʿǽһһ˷ݵġ
üһһһ⻹ͦ󣡡
з۶Ǹҧ׷ųԡ
ˣһһʨͷС־ʨͷɱϱĺóԶˣŮ
ѼܲԿѼֻ
СһӣÿĿѼҪֻ
⣬һһϺ̰ɣСϲǿɶ
СѲƸ硣
ȸϱɩż۸ôĿԼˡ
С忴ɩЦɩûǶĵ㣬ȻȻأûز
ǰ ɶ͵㡣
ǰǰȻо˼ͦˣҲŰ˿Ǯ
Ȼô˵ǰǵ˸һĹ
岻ͷûԹأ㣬֪ûֶŮĺóԣ
ɶ
Դյһ𣬰ҲԹļ
磡Ҫƻ
汾Ҫ±ģǵܵ˵ҪƻǾͿƻɣĿһ۱Ѳ˵˴硣
ȻŰ涮µСģ棺Ҫһֻ±ðУ
汾Щʧ䣬һֻһεĽô˵۾һӾˣ
æѽСܳô࣡
Щʧ䣬Ƕµ㣬ǲҪˡ
ȻЦеģﲻСӵ¶û£ϲԣأԲǴ
濴裬Сһǽ㰮Եġ
˶һѣҲЩΣǰŴԺɩӹýʡ˱ǲŷԼɷˡ
ûҪԼϱǽʡˣóԲôСʮ껹ûۼҺֺ
ɩҲˣȻҪ˸㡣
һͶ֣ȻߵĲӶҪڲˣǹģɩүүǱ߶صģûм
ȻһСãѯզ¶ 
СñʾΣڵɩͲ֪ɶˣҪ˸ˮײˣСõ˵㣬ͯĿôݣųԵ嵭ģҪ˸ʡ
ҲͰɩ϶Ҫ˸ѼϱҪ˸ϴҲ֪ôˣСˣϱҲǣ˺˸
Щ˿ǲ٣ǸֱִһȾˡ
Сæ۶һСͬ־Щڸһһǲ
˰Ѱɡ
òãԼһҰѲ˶ϾС
ÿŸλõģᶼһˡ
СæԲʵǸղŽˣԼһҲûɶ˵ͷôһС׽ɩһҲ˼ʵû˼ɴɩһӣôҲϰҵġ
һһһˣҰϱȥȥ
һӾܹȥСŮˡ




99.   99    

һ, СӳԵĻϲϾʱǼҼҶܳԵģǰҲǾϸ
ƤƤϲϺ, ϵİҲˣСӸƤƤӲˡ
, ϺϺ߸ߣ
Ҳԣ
ȻܸܵŮ, ЦС˾Ŷ, СŮŶ
˾ˣ
ŮŮ
һЦĸСһˮõĿѼȸϱڸСġ
Ȼ߹ޣһڶ, ɫڼ壬ʢһ֭跹ŮʣԼŮһ鶼
֭׷ƤƤԵ㣬ͷȻ㣬Ҳԣ
ãС𣿡
ʿˮ Ҫԣ
ã
ܵܰȻͲø, ֱӰУһ׷߹, һ鶫ҲŽȥ֮߰һһС롣
㣡ҲҪԣͯС۱߹, ܵȻҪܵǼһ
ãСҲҪúóԷȻ֮, СһͲȥˣмĸСһ
㣬ǵʱԷɷѾˣ
С˵һ߿, ԭԼӿ²˵
ʨͷҲڼ۶֭ȻһףŮһСڣʣµĶ
Ҫ԰Ȼ˵󣬵Ƕ˵ʵСˡ
Сһһʨͷպãʣµļͷתϣ˭˭á
ǽûСҪҪ̫ԴƤƤԷʼȻûôʵСʲô㲻Ҫ졣
һ޷ǽ٣ȻԼһΣһֳĿСһһ¡
ıı㣬ŹͷСһǵߣڸ㻨ľͲˣôһСһҲҪѪġ
磬۵𣿡忴תһӲ֪ʲôĶ
ûʾ֪ˣСͬ־ʲôˣ
ߵ˸ǰһ˵ͷλģǴϷɽֲɵģھ⿣ͷΪ֮磬㴼ɿڣޱȡ
У֪ˣ⳶Ϊأ
СƤƤһϽ̧ͷһС˵ģүҰСŶǶɽľ飡
æӦϣ֪˹Թԣү԰~
үǹԱŶ
ţԱŹ԰
ƲƲ죬Լϰ֣ǰŽӴأԺÿ˭Ӧˡ
 Сͬ־ٸһһݡ
үүϲһҲ࣬ǳԵģ翴˱Ŀյ˵һ
һûҪ
Ҫģҿүүϲԡ
Сϸģ˵һﶼû̫ûԹ
ѽʵ̲˵ҲûԹ
ǿԿԣ̼һ㣬һ磬ӣž͸ԼһɶҪ
ţ̸Լһ
У̴ȥ̹ӣ
ţá
Աſ±ȻֱðѰǰڳ˵ȥп𣡡
ɶҵģõ
û˹ʲôʲôܳԣǰ漤ĲС
һյѩβ֮ǵܺȾƵһȵ㡣
ȻÿԵͱˣСһǳԲ˶٣ҵĴСӸСüͯȽܳԡ
Ҳûһûһĳš
棬Ա𣿡治֪ʲôʱ˰ȻϣȻǵСʱ򾭳С㰲ˣһζôˣСûĵĶҲˡ
Ա˽㣬ٺٵһܳȥ
棬СʱཱུģôƵģʲô
ȻܵܵһⶼûС 
㲻֪ڼҵʱֻҰֻų⣬Ұһ껹أҼײ
ȻһѵܸܵɿݵͷҪҵˣֻزˣĽԡ
ҡҡͷУҰֲңǴҵñܵܣ
˵̾һɵ˰ܵܣ̾Ϊ̫ˣ
Ȼ鶵ͳһëƱһһģһƱƱ
Щĸ㣬ŵܵû³ԵõģҲ򵽣Ǳ͵˰
Ȼ̾⼸̫ˣݵĽʵм⣬⼸Ӷˡ
㣬ҲҪƽʱ񵰣Ұҿˡ
ǣϻǣС岻һܴܵôʱ϶Ҫ㡣
跢զ죿
û£Զ㣬Ҳ̫ˣ˵ҸǮø
ãҶûԹ̫óˡ˵˿ڿˮ
ҪСͬ־һ¡
ŮʿʲôҪ
ʮݶҪһݣҪһϲӡ
Բˣˣôء
û£ϰɣ찡Բ˴
Ȼ˷ѣҪ˶ʣ˵ˣҲûɶǳԱ˵ǲкȾƵ
ߣԱһϰһ㶣ϰ塣
ţֵˣ
ʮ⣬һݿ⣬һһϲӡ
ǲǺȾأ
š
óĸ¾ƲˣҪõģȻ󾡿һ˼һ⡣
ϰ壬Ҫô𣿡
㶮ʲôϽȥˣһϲ֮ǰһ
õģȥ
ûһᣬԱȥԼϰ壬ϰһ·ܺĸˣһƴ̣һ±ζƴ̣һ»ƹмǰ軨ˣһˮ
ϣǸ˺ûԱһ˶һ̣Һһ¡
ϰţȻӦǲ˺ˣͦ죬һ̧۾Ϳһ۾ӵܵӡ
һݱ㿪ʼˣ壬үү̣ô֪һҸ¥¿ĳ֪ǹ
Ң£ⲻǲ鷳үզˣ
үүүأ廹˵ûж֣Ҫ˵׳úдһ£
û¾͹Ҳˡ
Ңǲɳ
ţⲻƽ֮λõĹҰִƽˡ
˭֪ƽһ׶ֳָһɳ֮
󲮻û
ţ·ŵĵط˸¥үү͸һˣ˵ڵļҵܶ
үүҲ֪˵ɶˣҲǸԵңһүʹ˾Լһӣϵϰ
ȻˣǵСʱүүģǺΪ˱ȫһҲ
ʱңҲᣬһͱҪǽڵġ
Ȼ̽˵
ȻãҢһЦĿŰȻˣŮѹˣ
Ŷõİְ֣Сһĸ鰲Ȼ
ҢһζȻãСʱ˵Ҫ޸һ޵ģ
Ȼ˲侯裺ʲôʱ£
СʱѽҺ߸ĺ˵Ҫҵ
ҢˣȻȻҢСƤƤˡ
ʲôʱϴ󣿡
񣬸ɲһϱʮҼϴҪҲǸϱӣʱ̫Сˡ
Ȼ۾ɵͭ壬һֻɹüһްɣ




100.   100    

ϾǼ, Ңһˡ
Сǳ֮浽һ飬Ǳ߻žƣȻû齫, պþС
һ齫ýȻ˭˭棿
Сһ, ǲ֪ǲһģϱ, һȥܿʵĹ
Ƕɩ, ѧѾͻˡСѽ
Ǿһٻ治
С棬ҿҵ档ɩЦžܾҪû⡣
ɩ, ո֣ɩɩɩҲû˸档
ס˵ţһҲץ˸磬Ȼ¼ңɩȻ¼ңССϼҡ
̲棬һڰȻϣ, ǲԸС棬ֶϱ߸֧С
Сƽʱû¾Ҽͬŵķһ, ĺܡ
СʱҪҲ쵼һ쵼˴ƣҪǸչһ¹⡣
еͷɣҪһֵģһëǮⶥ
У
˶Ӧ, ɩҲں, ҪɷҲʹŲɩﻹСǮ, Сڹÿԣء
˵˵עͱĻһŮȥˣСɴҲˣϱϣ§ϱԴϱϣϱС
һɫˣСһžһ齫Ƶ
ϹˮˣСΡΡ˵ţŻһˡ
ҽԺҽԺϱ°
ȥС𼱰
ȥˣȻøҢǰȫͻؼңү̱ż
˵ŰȻųԿױ¥СûűСС壬˱Ҳһ˳
ȻĺȣҽԺĲԶҲͼӱ㵽ˡ
ȻǰŸյҽԺһȺ˾͸ˡ
һҽ˶ְҵӣȽо飬ԲżһǶ𣿡
ҽżǽ˻ȥˡ
ˣǰС⽻ٵĸĸղøҢţ˵绰ھ¥Ǳȥȡķ׼ˣ˱СŻȥˡ
Ŷæ͹ˣһҴҲӸҸ˹
Сһﱾڰְֻֱܵ⹫ȥˡ
ֹ˲һҽŸС¼Ů߽
ǣϱأ
ĸŮƽ
˭ſڵһ˶˿СĽӹŮǶɱʱŶˡ
ǰСŮϲЦտֶ˸СŮնյϡɱСʱֺˡ
ŶŮŶ~С;ùŮϣһӲĴͦ
˹ŮİСһӾ֮ǰԼôɰˡ
ֱСƽƳһ˿ϾŮǸŹһ⣬Ҷᡣ
СȻСÿ˼˳Ѽ˸Ҵ벮˻ȥ
ҽԺС壬С裬̻а衣
Ƕ˿ţȻһڵ˺ҹɴûȥؼסˣҽԺƤƤŶɩûɶ¡
Ҳ˴룬ǻݻΪȵ̫æ췦˯ˡ
Ȼʱ䣬Ҳ˯ˣռʲôУ˸ģһ첻ܳģҪ衣
С࣬ǸռѶš
Ƭ࣬ҲǲԺȵģС˿ԺȣҪǸС㴲ĺȵġ
ٿռ﷢͵ţԲеڰϼ룬ҪСһҲҲҶ̵ĶүүöǲƤƤСһҪԲ
ӿֱĵˣһ˯ĳ£Щã̧ͷȻϹȥҽԺͷڹһֱȥƤƤ
Ѳ٣Ҹȥ̫ˣ
û£˯ɣһȥҡ
ϱң
û·˵״ϣĨ˰
ȻżѰӷŽޱסɩҲëסŽСƬһͲʢˣֱɰߡ
ҽԺҾʮӣȻء
ɰȻ˶¥ĲһＸ˾Ͷ
Ȼĵû뵽Ｘ˶û˯СźӺأСѺˮ
Ȼͣզˣ
ⲻպúõģңңˣгԵģС͸˱̷ۣСһͿˣء
ɲպãզҹˣ
СĿ϶ⲻ͹ˡ
ѾѹϣΪǵ˲һŰ칫
СѺӷڱϵСϣСӷڴϡ
Ȼɫ򿪣һСӵӣǱëѡ
ĸģæȻѾͷˣһû˯ɣ
̣СôãҲܰæˡ
ȻȻ̿ţȥԵ㷹
̣裬ȳԣҸһƤƤһԣ̼أ¶ɩСðڲ
СģĶ¶ģǰС࣬е㿴զȽ嵭
ҵľǣҶҪȥˣ̫ˣˣ㲻֪ϴ϶ʱǽһ˼䱯簡
СԩңһˣҪСæһ£Ȼ͵Ц
ͺ㣬һҲȺ۰С໹ôúȣġ
úȣϴʱҸ˵ⱲҲȣ
裬㿴еĶౡˣһҲȣ֪ĶӲ
Сûķ˸ۡ
ԶŻƵĵƹһɲеıŻеζ
ȻȻôģ̺ʵ
̣Ҳܼ򵥣ȥ׳ģȡͷ⣬ֻģˮĳĲѪˮ֮õ۸ץһ¡
һϽƬ֥ͰѽƬ½ȥ֮ӵ׾֮ٵϹСʱͿˡ
ò֥Ͱɣ
졭Ȼ֪˵ɶˣ֥۵ηŵʱʮ֥ͺеء
࣬ϱϲһȥŪȻȻӺóԣƬҲúȡ
ңŨİζŰ޳Ե˳ָ͵ӣ˲ٺúȵӲͶѵζˣ
ңһˣأ㲻ˣӣ㵹óԴӲң
һˣϽŰӹȥϱԣԲû뵽㣬ҧڶ
ңˣϽֹ˭ŮӣĸʱŮѾҧˡ
￴Լ׼ģǸϱ³Զˣ׼Щæ׼ĸûû£ţڵġ
ĸһ㶣Ϊأһɲţģȫ߻
ޣ˲ˣЩû£ǲ
æӦ°ѰƤԵĸﲻעæҧʣһڵιϱ
С͵ȵСèЦˣŮŮοⶼӵˣզͲء
̣ͱˣǳȳԵŸʢ࣬ӵݹȥָȻʢͣԵߣһ̼˯û
ţ԰ĽȻͷȡ
Сһ۵˯˹ȥССֹԷ
ӻûԹأ
أ԰ɣϻô𣬸ﶼˣ⣬ɶʱȥ
Ȼһ󷹺дǳԡ
Ƶů͵ġ
ǶüȥҸ̼ȥȥǰ
СͷȻĳ˲컹û˾Ϳųسǿȥ




101.   101    

Ȼʱ, ĸ緹һСĽһʡϸ, ķ֪
ȻȿŮСѾͷѱ˯
, һӽȥĸ, , ϱЩӶ˹һԣһȰɡ
Уȥ, ԵĴ磬Ե
УĸҿƤƤȥ
ȥȥɣ
˴ݣϱ¯ӱϸŮ·˸ȥӹ·
ϱϺȰ
ȻһѾ͵ЦŮŪѣ
ȥ
·ýݣСĸŮϣСһﱻŪе㲻ģһְ־Ҫְֺ椣
СһŴСģϡ, ˲һθȻ
ְִȥ椺ò
ƤƤеû˯ѣСԹڰְּŴŴĻá
ŹŮ˸´, ɻŵСǷ, ϴء
, ƤƤҪţ̣ҺϼƸӵĶϣⲻø衣
ɶ, ĶˣͰȥǸţȥëǮġ
õɹõսƷһľͰŹŮͰϱһھɽţȥ
ԽǱȥζԽСȻܲˣɴѹŮϱԼȥ
ȻҲţպǰ߾ггţɶĶС
裬Ŷ~
ȻҲˣ⽸ͷζŨǹͷģûסȻͱŹŮ·ߵСϡ
壬զϣ
ѾͷһëǮ㹽ģҪ
Ҫһ˫ƴв
Уһһôͷһô㣬һݶ޶Բˡ
ү϶İ⽣һϳƸպˢ½ߴүֵ
ѾͷⶼǴͷģͣϲ˸ϺҲϺõģϺثģ㿴ҲͰˡ
ǰ壬Լһ˰
ѽϰȥͻˣǸûöຢϾ͵Ϻ⽡
үһָȻѹûүǴү
Ŵүһر⽣ԵĲһʺĿ̵ˣϲֻһ㲻⽵ζ
үĵùС룬ȻŮȦסʢٿš
õСһԼӸԡ
Ȼһ߿ŹŮһ߳⽣ȻܺóԣǶϳ˲ٰӵİȻ˵Ƕˡ
СѾͷĸһС
һҵϱ׼źϱؼҵģ˭һѹûˡ
̾ͰгߣвȻûгͿԼҴĺͮͮһһСʡĵڳʲô
߹ȥȻÿϹѽ
°ȻƹȥԲ~
˳Ȼӳϱʣģֿһ۸⽶ĹŮָСһһ
Ȼ׶ˣǸҽԺûԱ壡Ҫƴģ
ϣ
ϹԱϷ緹һɶء
Сøĸ춼Ҫ߰ɣ
ţĸһҪˣıĸҵСһҵûͯңҪɹˡ
ְ֣̣
СһͰߡ
ڲܺȣְֳ극ؼС
ȻѹŮϣһҲ
ү𣿡
ѽ٣ǳ͸
  ʮ͹ˣȻһүоֶˣǮĵһ쵽١
ڲһҲˣϰһ˵Ҳֽİ
ƤǸģүʮֽ⽹ˣȻǮͰŹŮߡ
һݣһŰ͸ҩƵģޣһ˾ͷһһݾ͸ܵϰָүүԹ
ȿȣûԱɣг˵⽣͸ϡ
Уȥɣ
ǰҲȥƤƤţһ¡
һˮţȻһ½ȥ߾ͰϺϲ˴ףʮһ˰һ͹ˡ
Ȼһʢһˡ
һڵ⽣˲Ͳˡ
벻ԼŮɩҲ̫ˣͳԺ
ͷ˭أҲûñȻӣֶֻŮӡ
ȻȻԷɶأֶŮһֽˣϽк
ҵģùܣѾͷ׼ǳԹ˾úóԲŸǴġ
үүŮʵԱ⽲
ߣ12345أ
ԸӲ
ߣأ
ϣүԣ
үԣҺ̣˵ʣóԣֳԣ
ƤƤ⻰ǰһӶˣǸһĽ
ţ̸Ůһʢһ̺ڸһһǵţ̣Ķ졣
ϱʣأ
˫Ƥ̰ɣһСȥЩ
ţջ𡣡
󿪵ţ̷Ƥڼӵɢţ̷Żȥ֮Ź
ȻңڸҵԼҪõĶΪÿԼ̶ճÿ춹࣬ԼԺ춹ܳԵʮ壬ճŴĺ춹۵ġ
Ķڶҵˮڹ󿪼ӵǣõ˫Ƥ̳ԵʱһͿԡ
ﶼ˷ⶼʰӳˣͿ˸Ŵ̯Сİš
ѽ˫Ƥأ
Ϲãܼ򵥵ĺòĪü֮ǰˣ̫ˣԼоģƤƤϲĺܡ
һó㲻֪ǼСźأһŵĶŲס˻أţ̼ģ綼ϲ𶼺ˡ
ɲզģΪܰţ̸ǣֶˡ
һںȡ
ʲôʱƱ
ŵģһʰʰ͵ûȥˡ
УҸһῪǣϹɶʱƱ
أҹŵķɻ
ɻƱȻۺ档
ŵģרŶСõ˵㰲ȻСԴ
ȻҲɻҪһЩӰƷʮķɻϽǺ档
Ȼճͱקһ£̽ͷ̽ԵĿûŵȻȻ˵Сզ
аҲϷˣǶд𣿸ɩ𣿡
ɩ˵ˣҲͬ⣬˵ڼǱҲ˵㣬еǮ㿴ϹøʵѣȥǱ߽
а磬֮أöɩ㱼
ͬѧߣϱܽߵ֣Լг̯Ǯ·ʱͿɩˡ
磬֧㣬ɶѴڣ
û˵ء
ȻһǸ鷳Ͼúõҽɸ廧ƴøȴۡ
ֻȥ˵˵
ȥȥ

Ȼҵû˵أȵİɣＳӪӪһӾΪ磬Ը߰ɡ
ȻŴʧӣζӳ£ӪһûҽѾûʡ




102.   102    

֪ܵܲȥͦ, ϶ɵúõʽҪȥɸ廧
粻ᶮ׷󣬾粻һ, ˵ؾҲǣ˵Ҳ, һж˵˵ѡ
һ, ֿһ, ŰСðүүжɩһʹĸɩ
һ·͵վ̨ĸ˵˺ܶ࣬үү˴Ӽ, ˵ǮϾզϰҵӡ
Ϊʱջãǵ⳵Ҫˣ˵ЩҪˣæ˳
𳵿ߣ˶˿û˰ýټûôദÿദɡ
һ·ϣүүŴ, Ȼ֪үүʲôϾĸԼ֪, үүô֪ܲء
Ȼסүү֣ү¶ге, ˶Ѫ̤ʯ, ͬƴвǻհҵ̩𡣡
ǰ֣ô, ˴ɩҲ޿ɺǣǴɩݺԺҽԱһʮ˱·ţ͸ģ˵һλԺΪɩԸԡ
˸һߴϹսȹ˵ҽʥ֣ΪҽĽһӱŵϷ͸ġ
ӵɱ徣һӣϱ类ԾǶɱ˸ӣӡ
ʦ֪ʦҵʱүųҰݺˮա
ʦֱʹȴ޿κΣҲֻũչүǰոƽʦͣİ˽˻
С˵ЩʣҲЩԴɩԭǺǰտһۣҲʵڿʮĺӳûƽ˼Ҽ˾ĺӺá
ССѾ֪ɽҩʦũ󿴲Ҳ緢ʮ͸ĥûеİǣֻʣΨһ
үүﲻ֪Щһҳһҳֽүүһսպգֽǵϡ
ҲôЩ겻עǱߣ
үүܴǱ𣿡
ùܰȻҪˡ
үүͱҲˣҿѧɵģһҪΪĸ۵ġ
ǰ֣ȻȻأʦͯء
СãŮ֧ǣŴһƴİҵǴɩıɡ
үүһûŭɼТģүүǵô˽ҸϴϱȡõĵطУ
˿ﲻǿ϶ģϾǴ󲮵񣬾ûүүҲǿ϶ġ
Ĵʱճɵģ˿ӣƾǸְ֮·š
Ȼܲ룬ΪһжԼһ޹أ˺ԼСҾͺ
ĸ˷Ǿ˱磬ͨ棬ԼҪΪ˰ңҲԶɼҵѾΪĹϵ
һʱ߲ԣĸֲɩš
ﱻ鳭·Ŷܿ죬Ҳϣû̫ͱ·ŵ˱ġ
統ʱ˹ϵܲǣ
翴ֽҲֻǳĬ
ѹȽϵףȻֱӴƤƤһĺԺߡ
ɩ춼ѾȥУ԰תһȦҲ˴룬Ҳ˽ˡ
ȻûȥأɴƤƤҲȥתת
ͷǻܺ޷һڴϣŮ˸ϱСܱϡ
һ־ôװıǴѧš
бʵС·ƤƤͶ£ȻŹŮﻬ
С·һ˵ЦͶĽĿ⡣
ΪûѧʧޣܹĵɣΣϱҲû̫һȦתѧ
ϧûȥʱֹڣѧҲ⡣
Ҳй䣬͹䵽ѧԺ·֣æװ޵ֵܡ
ǰһаȻõǮһٰѡ˻ؼҹӣʣµ˾ͳ˰ȻԱ
Ȼߴҵ֣պÿӺ߻ǸԺӣʱ򿴿ܲܰѵƤǸԶļƻˡ
ƻԼǮ϶ǲԻҪȸǮ
߶ѧԺ࣬ȱԴԳԴסжҪ
㣡밴հȻ˵ĸ˳ƺͦүǻ˼ˡ
磡ȻЦŸк
С𣡡
û£ҹզˣ
㣬˵ϹأɸմһϱˣھͻѾԽˡ
ǽȥɡ
߰ɡȻƤƤһ𣬿˹ɫС¥ǰ
峯ĽδĶֻݣ̽Ĵ֣һС֡

Ȼꡱ
űǴľķνڷš
ߵλüľ磬λİ̫ʦΡ
ǽһ߼˺שİǽҲľ壬˺ĺź
ǰ̨˾ƹ񣬷ŵľһ࣬ǿⷿͨ
ǿŵģֻһ·Ų˵ǽס˵ĽŲ
ߵʩҲһӦȫȻСŪǻ˴Ǯ
ˢ䣬;߸ͭϴչϡ
˳Ա¥˶¥Ǹʮ˵Ĵ䣬ƽʱԷֿ
ĸʮ˰䣬ʮ˵İ䣬а䶼дŸ־ϱ߿ѧǵ
˰¥жʮλռ˵õĺ֣ܳ¥ݲܸյ㶼̨
ݺܺõļӹľݣЩοչʾĸӣûŶء
ϱ¥ǽǲЩˣ
ȻҲȴʲôˣȱװΰ
룡·𣿡
ˣԸĸˡ
У㿴ܲˣģҵ˸ңأ㵽ʱҹҡ
Ȼȥˣʱܿҵһȥоһ¡
У
ȻæؼҾͰѺӽɩ˵¾ͻԼԺӡ
ȻԺӾͻţҳһڷ顣
Ϲ㿴Щĸ
ϸϸĿţû漰򣬵黭ĺܼ򵥣һͶ
һСʱȥȻż㿴꣬ǰߣϱֻͷķ
û⣡
ʱ䣬оͷȻƵͣܵݳݡ
ҪСĵݣйУҪô
ÿҲЩȥơ
ֵ¾лģŮͰѰȻҪˡ
װϣһͨﶼǺͮͮůɫΨһرľǰ̨ˡ
Ϊе磬ЩȣЧϰѵƹˡ
ÿ϶һƣܰһ
߸Է ȶ֮ǿ磬ӶʱϱϲãųͰѷ˹
һ̣ݵһ̣Ȼת˺üȦ  
ϱϱϱ
ļԱ
Ϲ
ţ˵ҿզ
ȻҡͷãеԽԽȶгԽԽС
ϱ˵Ķԣڷ򲻴ţҿ۸ɱɱͺܸߡ
ţȫϹȥǽڵװһ£
ãţ




103.   103    

ٽѧ, Ȼʮ쿪ҵ̼ 
ȻҲû֪˼ô˹ȥ
ǰ׼ԲԱѵǰȻɩĸ˽еġ
ڻľ£ͼ򵥵Ķ, ԺΪִŨҡ
µ꿪ҵ, Ȼ, ʨȳһȺΧ۵ĳԹȺڡ
ԹȺҲʮԪµ꿪ҵȫۡ
ֵŴ컨, źɫ۵˾Ǳź컨Ȼżվ롣
ӦǰȻŴʵǲСŮ, ĳ˾ǽżʱѵȻżʽҵ
Ϊﱦʱֺ֪ͨòϢһһܻض˼ϻƸʦ
˾Ϣզˣ
ǮԷȥ
ǵȥԷװҰ
ҹŮĵ֪꣬ͨСһϣ
ǣ˾Է, һʱϲ㴫ˡ
û磬ʮ˾;˾ſ, һӾίίııβΡβΡʦʦʦίʦʦίʦıʦıˡ
ѡ԰ٶ
ίһЦˣСǳԴˣһܵˣ
, զԶ, úøѵУ
治ǳԣŮԼǮƹȫⶼˣ˵һ¹ʹǳˡ
׳ã
ţϳҳ, 
ǣ
үү˼ԼϻƣԼõϽãϰǼ͸˰Ȼ⣬һСʨ
С֪Ȼ쿪ҵ˾ȫˣ͵óСʵֲʵʵģֱӸȥ˸ʵİȥ
֪Ůҵ֮ǰҲû˵İŮǰҹ͹æˡ
ҲвסҲǴҹ컹ûɷ͵߰Ÿɻˡ
ӽͶ˿ţһ˻ﱧޣ˶ѺӼɢ
ʽҲἸٶ죬ү̫̫һŶӡ
Ȼүү̷ֱ˱ү̣⻹ǿأ
ģүү˵žҪŷԱȥ
ܳ𣿡
Уͷʶ̣
ҲԿ⣡
ãүȥ¥ϰ䡣
ϣ㣡
ɶ
ֶŮ쿾⣡ܱСЦĺ
ۺ壡
һɣ
ç϶¥СǸϵģ
裡СƤƤСҪץ裬ɴѹŮ
ԣүȥһְȥˣ㿴Ƕء
ð~Сſү˹Ůһڡ
Сӣ˰۰
ǵĴүȫۡ
ҶʮһвȥҶӹ
õĴүŶã
죬ҼҾǱߣ
ϣһСʱȻڶλ˴ү
ֶŮ¥ϻλ𣿡
壬λӣСȥ䣡
õϰ壬¥롣ҵķԱǾѵģʹҲһɵ
߿ֵ˶࣬󲿷ֶǺģ˻治࣬󲿷ֶѡ
½½ ˺СгȻ⻹רĵط
ûһ㣬ˣǸ仹𣿡
Ȼһ۱ŰСʱżһ£˶Ǯǵýš
õģ˾˵ղŸ绰ˣܲüͭ䡣 
üһȻһ֪˲٣УǷأ
ţˡ
ʮ㣬ݳľʰɾˣ˶Ұֹƾ͹ˡ
õġ
ȥŵ˿ľԲԼǵø֪ϸ
õġ
㣬Ҳˡ
УСС֦λķ룬ȥˡ
Ȼ˻ֻ꣬ǵˮĶ࣬мСԧҪëõˮ˾Ȼζ
Щë۾ëһͷһȫ͵ô㣬ôôʣµԧ
ȻֵŹѹûУҲΪ󣬵һĹ׺㡣
ԧ˲٣Ϊ⣬ȱˡ
Ϊĵ̨һСȻǳ˸ֻ϶䣬Сŵϡ
һ¥ŲͳƷЦݵĻشÿ˵⣬֪ѵҪĶǻƼ
æʰȻ̨һ۰ĵ㵥
㣬԰ССŽģխƤƤһˡ
Ȼһ¿խӵĵ㵥ּһһһһ߲ҲûС
Ǽƴ̣Ϻ㻬
ҵ԰ĵӣСĻЩˡ
СϺһ㣬ˣ
ţڽ𡣡
̸أϲʱţ⡣  
õġ  
ȥ
Ȼ¥ƤƤͷ裬ɳСȰરવܹסȡ
Ȼ˳ưѹŮ߹ȥ壬ζô
񫣬ֶŮ̫ˣ
㣡úóԣ
óҲܳԳŶ
ͯС˰ңڱѧȻү̽ӵһԺԼסԺסԺ
ǱߵڶȻʲô²㣬Ҳһ
үүҲֵչ˼ӣоˡ
С̿ɨ˸˾Ҳǰȫ
ҲԺӹ󣬵Ժҵ˾ͰǸԺ
ڹȻķװ꣬˹ݣ͵궼½ҵȻȫȨ
ȻѧУȿѧȫҶһȥѧУ
ȻһУţͱУˣͬѧ
ʦ
Ͻ˾ǶͰͬѧ
У
ǷİɣͬѧѧУһչ˺õģͬѧҴȥɣ֮ȥҿ
Уһ߶𣿡
ȻԣΪкӵĴѧṩҽһŴݿϢ
á
һҽң˲Ҿû½ŵĵطˣѾˣȻġ
ѧУṩ죬ȻסɴͲԼˡ
ǺãǰȻ
ãǷ䣬ˣǼסߣ
ȻǸÿʵС
ãҽиǻˡСﴩ黨ȹųβĲУСߺˡ
Ȼ㲻ʶңһźɫȹ欣ü͸ȻŮûķһ۰Ȼ
ȻһԲۣʲô˼主󻨣ģĽˣ˭ѽ
ȻȻүүҵŮŰСʱһүү߾㻹˺þأ
ţǲǵܵ𣡡
ɵѾͷ
үүֵĺϲ£죺Ѿͷ⹫ҷϢ쵽ģûүүҰ
үүϸյ͹ˣһȥأ˭֪ȻȻûĵҰ
Ȼһߣûô˸СʱǸĿС̫ϵһ𣬵ôķ۵




104.   104      

߰Ѿͷ, үүǳԷȥ˵ȥ
˵ȥˣͱүүˣ˳˲˼еС˷, ˷Ѷദ
ȥģĸŮһʵ
ȥԻȻǣֹ˹
ŹŮ˺С߱ྣƤƤſڰְּϰĲκϡ
ûһ, ߵھƸߵһ, һһţ, ôһܹɣ
üǿС֡
Ȼ
أȻȻͽ
ŹʱҲһ漴ҲӦ, Ͱҵʵ˵ȻҲ΢
˵ǰȻҵģ
أ߰ɣſɵúú⸻һ١
үүǰߣӭŮһϳүӣæǰӭȥүˣλҸһ£
Ǹأ绰Ƕ
õģСк̨̨˵绰һ̨ػүӣϷ˵, ﶼŪˣǳ԰ɡ
, Ǽˣ
ϰʲô
, һԧѵ, һţ͹ףһǼĹ
ִϺ㻬, ţ⣬⣬߸⣬㣬㹽ëǰҶƺѼЩҪݣЩڽҪ
˹ˣﷶæܾ
ԸϺצ㣬϶ɡҲûʲôģȻˡ
ַƤƤ⣬С϶ԣѼѪСԣѹѼצҰֵϣҲҪˣʪƤ˿Ҳ
ѾͷԻţ軹𣿡
Уүյļţ裬
϶ϣǺɶ
ƤƤһȵţ̣㳵ƹɡżҪСĵĹŮ
õġԱקקſڵߣݵæÿĳ˹ȥ
Ҫһ֭һ֭ǺȾ𣿡Ȼϰָ塣
СҲȣҲϣӦԺǲˣ̫úȣС첻Ǻһʲôȶ͸źȣȵ̫СˣһǸһȥҴһ
ˣȥû˵
û˵С˵ˡСû˼˵ĸ粽ĸԼϱԼ쵽ͷ˯ˡ
ҲȣҲ㵷ˮúȣ̫һˡ
壬ģɶǻʵեˮǻ˸ģˮϷģ
ϼƣСѾͷֲֻˮ۸Ҳʵ
ȥϾǧ㣬ʦǲԿѼأǵĻùֻֻˣֻ͹ȥ
ϣʦԲأղŻÿѼǼӲأ
ţȥɡ
㣬ЩĶǿõģ
ţѵģѵģա  
ôѻǮ𣿡
СһΪȻǵĸо
ȻһЦԼЩǮܸ𣬾㿪ҵҲе׬ҪԼһײҵԭȫԸ㣬вǮĵ
һ󱱳˶ԷҲԽԽ࣬ǺתһȦȥҪĻȥ
Ȼôһ룬ϸɩ绰ǹýֽǼҿԿӡ
Ǹģǰ߾ѧУʮҶԼģǿ϶ġ
ƤƤϲ˫Ƥ̣ǸȻԣСѾͷקżﰢ̻̫ү̫ѹԵġ
СһСԽԲˡ
Щ첻ˣүסĥ͵͵
ƽʱȻÿ춼СһЩ죬һʱҲòͣˣԹƸòˡ
ϾԷСѾͷ˵ǲܵģСһǱŷͲֵ
ʮ˵ĴԲڹһĸͳǸڳȻ˵ģϾʹҲǳһ֣ϲľͿʼһֱԣһγԾͻϡ
ҲүżＸС͵͵ĳԣ±˵˵ӳȥ
Ҳ͵ƤƤСһ·û˾Ҫȥҵġ
˻еŲһſˣнˡ
̸Ц䣬Ȼ֪Žˣɷϲľ٣һҪүүһˡ
̼ǵڼз￼ϱѧϵ֪ۣǰЩӸժñӣضˣŰĳѧ
ȻһǶͣεǣʲôİǣ֧һߵ󡣡  
סü磬ĸǺ٣ͳôһŮҲǼٰ۰ġ
˵ĵ֪ģǸϽԿĵһߣ˵ķӦǷҴӣѧźǱߵġ
ԷҳȫҲûǣǱ촬ܹˡ
ǰ췶үӻҲˣ˵ϴӻ֮ûþͳˡ
극СԼһȥЩʿǾŻؼˡ
ĸ˼˵Ĺ˵ע⣬վ˳
ȻֱӴ˽˰ٻ¥ϾѧƷ϶ûˡ
¥һðϲģûɶˣȻֱ⡣
˵ɶһ㲻ãеĶӡŴϲ֡
̣Ҫůף衣
жУ
óĶǺ޵ģ۸Ҳǹôһ㣬Ҳȹ򲻵ǿ
Ǳˣ߻ȥɣҶѧУ¥ˡ
Сʵǲˣ͵ζӵˣʵ˺¡
аɣ߻ȥҾֱӻؼˣҼһȦ
˲ˣ춼̫鷳ˣȥɡ
Ȼȥ֮ȥһ˽ֵÿţ̡
ƿһëǮһƿҲִëǮԱͰ͡
ＸӺ˶úȣѧ֮Ҳûʱȥţ̣ţǱҲûбҪͣ߷㡣
ȻؼңûжΪŮүģһ¶ȥ
һžͿһһС˯㡣
Ȼŵ˳¯ĻҪ꣬һú
ȻڳջʵҲţǱ߹̣˳߲ˣϾţⲻ
ôţǷ°˵İѣʱǱ߻ͦæġ
ԴȻߵ绰ȥӶӲ绰
ιλ
ǰȻզﶼ𣿡
أһƬǸɶģ 
ɵȹҰ
Եʣ˰첻Ŵ绰𣿡
Ҵɩ߿øӣҲ󣬺ϼôɩ߶ĶȼǱ߹ۻԼۣʴԸ
ɻȥˣҸػ
У֣żҸѧˣ´绰үǱ߾š
ãȹˣȥȥ
˵绰⸸ͳǮŵǮϻ˱ϼϱг泡ȥ
Χأһۼ绰ԼԸԸȥһӾͼˡ
ȥȥۼҵӶ뿴ˣȥӲǰϹˣ
Ҫǹȥ͸ۼҵĻظ
ȥ㳵˰
Ȼչ˵绰͸߲ô꣬ﲻ֪¡




105.   105    

Ϲ, һȶ֮ѵҲӹɡ
  ϱﲻģҲŪ泡, øš
繣Ũصı, ȻæšͷϹ, ǲǸðˣ
ȻӦһʱ˱ĺ, һһֱæҲûԸðˡ
е㣬˯, ʡĴȾƤƤ
˯ʲôݣðҲ϶òˣҩˡȻóðҩи˱ˮ
֮󣬰Ȼһ׳ƤƤȵȻ϶øð
ȥ·ްϣȻ÷úʹ죬ɴտﶼȡ
¯Ϻǽ裬óͷ
塪
绰, ǱߴۣҸɩĻ͹ȥ, ˵һǾ͹ȥǹȥ𣿡
 , ǿȵίɩס, ǿӣǿ⻹򣿡
𣿡ЩҲЩǱط᲻ܹ, ϶ǷӵһǧǮء
磬ϱ˵˭˭ʣһһǧӵأڵ̺һ֣㿴ҪǲҾˡ
ۣǴ󱦴ѾҲȥѧ𣿡
磬ϱ϶Ǹ㰲źõģ㶼ѣϱܵһࡣ
УƱ
ţƱ绰У绰һֱˣҽӵӦþү̽ӵģ˵վǵġ
ãǹˣȥˡ
 
˵绰Ҫ˵ȻݴţðˣҺӶѧУģĺԺôס⣬ȴ˷ڰҲ١
ϱ~
ߴϽȥȻˣ
ðȡί󹷹
ȻЦˣԣ컹ҪȥѧУء
ݰȻ
ռֳɵļǣȻóǼȥȥȻүƶҪˡ
ȻƤƤ֮ģҲߣȻүһһڵİѽˡ
ˣݣǽ鿻ϳԷȻСӷϿǼп֮¹š
ûѼһһֻȻ˺ЩѼ˿˽˶ȻŹʵ
ҶûְֲֻպǣƤƤֻԼ֪
ȻүһʢһզүҲúȸ룬ʢЩѼ˿ݸү
˶еðθڲãǰȻ嵭ү˲ٵĺ
Ȼûȥʰ֮ѹͷýݣ˯֮ǰһʡԡ
ڶһ磬𴲰ģСģϽ¶˿
ЩŹǴӣ˺¯š
ԼӣȻֽװӷŽϹù͵ˮͰ  
ױͷץһ£ϰ׳ţпɫѥСƤЬɫ£ˮͰȻŸүغþѧУȥ
ȻʱҲ㣬պñʳſŶӵķ丶Žס

Ϊ󣬴ﶼ߿ȻǷѾͷˡ
컹ÿ
̫ˣҸǴ˰ӣġ
̫ˣŶ̫ˣȥѧ¥ɡ
߰ɣǶһģ
ţ
Ȼĸ˽ңﻹûˣмλ£˰Ѱó 
Ҳ̫óˣ
ΪɶŹڣһһγԣ
  أ̫ˣ 
óԣһáȻҭû˵ҭˣڴˮȥͺˡ
½½˶עҪĻš
ûһһͷױɣȴֱͦˡ
ûʲôûʵĻҲûʲôĵ˵ǣȴÿ˶ܸܵļ
ûᣬûпѧֻÿڵ㾡ѧĽ̵ΪҪ˲š
ȻûʽѧСʦŵ˵ʱķǲƵġ
ȻԺЩϵһÿεʱͿʼѿ  
˸գϱѧˣ˯СŮϱİࡣ
Щϱһˣӵһ£һ׺ÿСȹӣһС£ŽůţСƤЬůϡ
ϱڣʹƽƽ档
극Ůһƿ̣үǡ
ү̣˰ƤƤ̡
СɶʱѧУҸүҲȥ
̣ƤƤһ˳Ե㷹۾͹ȥ
С
СⰡ̶ˣںȰ
Уһȥˡ
ݾͿԼСŮ¶СԴţſҪ
ţ̷ųŮƤƤ
ţأСһڰְֻû˯ѣСڰְֻ갡ġ
ѧȥˣְȥѧУòְҲҪѧˣ̫ү̫ѸҺòá
ãҲҪְѧСһģǸðĺ֢
ԼŮסŮ˵ãǳԷŶ
~СһڿϣСȣСŴӣ࣬Եһһڵġ
ʰӣƤƤԷǸɾòġ
ʰԼɩֶӣˣƤƤԷأݵȻᡣ
š
ǳԷ𣿡
ˣɩӵıղŴɩ͵ţ̣˵Ķүȥˣġ
ţү̶ڼңɩ磬Ͷˣɩ⼸Ҫ
Щ⡣
ȻиҪ̣뵽磬ⲻô
ССİӲŹڵģϲˡ
ԣСһͬ˵ЬϿñһһ
ƤƤѰӷָ磬ָǼʢࡣ
ӳ꣬үүҲˣŮ·СƤЬͱŮ
ƤƤôÿѽ
̫ѣƤƤСŶ
ǣƤƤС~
һ˵ЦѧУߣ·ѧԺʱСѾͷ￴ϧûԼеʧ䡣
ʹƽƽ棬һѧУ˺ܶעı޻СŮ
עĲֻаϡ
ͼﺢѧϳϣǰкôˣŮ
Ů˭ҵģզ벻ˣ
СӣⲻСҲˣ
үզˣ
أⲻǰ컹˵ҪҫҫСӿϱǴѧ𣡡
СССģŮɩＸӡ
СĽ档
á
á
Ҵȹȥ
룡
զӣô£ѧϰѧɵǲǣôк
ûвʵүү˭
ͬŵĺӡ
զǵô尡
үǰүͬţˣүչˣǸӾүǰڵĲӡ
ţֲðⴥ˼ҵʹһʱЩơ




106.   106    ʢī

ڲһΧͱ, סڸڣɩסŮޡ
ʰ˶Ҳǲסͻ˼ңȻûؼҳԷ 
ȻȻ, ˵Ļ𳵣쵽⡣
, 鷳һˡ
鷳鷳
ǻûأ
, , ţܲΟhϺ, ⣬һ
ǵǻٿ ȸһţ̡ 
ȻóƣЩӿܲʵ磬Ҳ򣬻ϴ»ʱ򿴿ɣƽûˡ
ûһ, ͻˣƤƤְ軳ȥ
, ûй԰
ţԹˣ
ǶǶ~
Ա, С￪ɣ
, ȻȻȵ㺣ϲġ
áȻӹ룬֪ΪʲôͻȻûʳ, һںŨζðȻûסæܡ
Ͻ¿Ӹȥϱµ˺ѷεġ
ˮԣڣСԱȥҽԺ
ȰȻЩϱͿҽԺȥ
ҽԺ˺žͿϴִЦˡ
λͬ־ǻˣˣҪǲϲ֪أһͬⶼЩˣ㿪ҩһ¡
ϱܲôôˣ
ȻЦˣҽҲˣС춼ưˣģܷʣһˣÿ¶
ûʲôͳԾͺˣһζĲ˫̥˾ͲΣա
ã֪ҽ
ϱؼңַڰȻϸȡůϱҪ粻ȥˣҸ٣ղʲôûԣԵɶô
ȻҡҡͷģɶҲԡ
ҲǸ£ÿǺ«ģ³˰Ǻ«Ȼһɽ髵ġ
ϲ𣿡
ȻͷǺ«Ϳˡ
Ȼմң˾Ͷۼţ֪Ȼˣ˻ˡ
ָСô˸绰Ҳ֪ɶֳžͽӻһүүһСк
壬ҹŮҰ裬źССֻҲˣҲˣҲǷܲԺ͸ҼϣԺǹСѧҲҼҹҲԡ
ǲǷҵġ˵۷Ứ
壬ˡ
úãͷӴҼСҲûȥ
ʢīһ۾ͿǸСȹСƤЬСѾͷڰ軳ɰö͵ǰ
ƤƤҲྫµĴˣС۾գգ͵ģ󿴿ҿ۾ЦСһܹȥקסС½ǡ
磬ǳԡ  
ʢīӹǿ飬СķŽֽ˿˿ıɽϵҰۻ
磬ʲôѽʢīǣסҡԼС֣ģġ
ҽʢīǧķ
ڸ磬ҽغаƤƤ
ƤƤãҽī磬īֽī
īǺڵѽ磡
Ǻÿ۾ʢī֪˵ɶˣڸͺڸɡ
ʢī֪СԼһӺڸ磬ƺ϶ҪĹģϧûôԶ
ǾñСкڸǻ
磬ȻһÿΣȥҪϱ
֪߿״ԪɷҲǸ߿״ԪϿǹͲ⿴һҲò̾ʵһˡ
ĿͽˣŰȻȥ̳
ҪǸɩðЩ컹ӵģо·оʢүҲðϡ
ղſүްأļĶ㡣
ϱʢүǲǵøǮţ
ţøһȥٿɣÿ¸ʮ飬оСѧҲ˰ɡ
ãһȥ
ȻҲȱɶǻˣϲǮĸо˺öС
ȥǱ߿
Ȼ;ζ󣬻ǵڷӦȥİɡ
ȥ
ðɣǻؼң
ţؼҰɡ
ȻоǻеԭԴЩؼҾ˯ˡ
ϱҴñӱŶǮȥԺݣʢүסӡ
ѡ
ɣûء
ʢүү
Сš
үүǸСģʵٸĴ죬ıġ
ǽǮÿڸʮ㻨˵үү
ǸɶСССүǹˣסҳզҪǮ
үүţСԵĴģҶСһѧڱǸСù߶׾ˣѧǶˡ
ʵûأС˵ǾͲõˣֱúѧͿˡ
ɷ˵İѶ¾ͻؼˡ
ؼͿƤƤϱ˯㣬ŹغЩС࣬ûƹϰСˡ
ɽ髹ͷš
ȻûԶٷǳ˲ٵɽ髹ͷ
ȻԺ˯ˣƤƤſڱְֽ£Сһ͵Цְ֣˯ˡ
ǰ˵ְܸܲ˯أ
ϱë֪Ů˵ء
ܰɣְһ£ 
ã飬ϱıǼ⣺˯ˣѰ
㻽~
ۣˣ裬ܵʲôʱѽ
ƤƤſڰȻĶҪߡ
ţҲ֪ܵʲôʱóСܳүСôʱ򣬱һСòã
ãаְ֣
ԣǵİְ֡
ȻŹŮоޱ㣬ǵõСһҲôģתۼѾôˡ
§ϱŮޱ㣬תۼԼӻججļңϱйŮҪ٣ѧҵⶼԼϱģԼޱı
ڶһޱȵ磬ŹЩСͷ
ȻǱζѵģɽ髣ȫûзθĸоϱһСɿ
Ů·ŹŮһȻͽҪȥĽҡ
֮ŹŮһȥѧУѧ˲٣ŮˣĻͷһݡ
ڰȻѧУϿŰ壬ǴѧͿɶˣҲȽ϶࣬û룬һûξܵȻ༶
Ͽʱ򣬰༶ƫ࣬ں߶ƤƤʳ׼ãСһ͹Թɵڵ³Զ
ҲֻܿһСԴϻȥʱСַϣС°ͷϣһӡ
ͬѧشҸղ˵ʲô
ԴϽЦˣǵȫ״ԪôϿΣ
û취᲻ճ˵Сް
״ԪϱأǱǴѧ˾֪ˣӶ״Ԫ
˲Ȼ󲨣ͬѧǶ˽
ڸ󣬿γ̫᲻Сްճ
䡪
Ǹоʲôɶֵ
ʱͿԣˡ
ЦϱһѧУˣֻǰҸԼһϱԸҲʵֲˡ




107.   107    

һڿ, ͱŹŮϱȥȻĸŽȥ˸ŵλá
ƤƤ裬Щ, ְֵĻԹԵģʳó, ĵĳԡ
, ԼߵĴС
Ľ, ˡ
ƤƤ˶Լ۾Ϳ͵ĿˣµİƬ
ȻҲ˸Ů, ۴Цգգۡ
Сյİţ͵͵Цˣ۾
¿֮һʱ䱧ŹŮȥϱϱûв
ûоЩƤƤѽȻŹŮҪӹȥͱץסñ
УۼƤƤԽѹˣ
ƤƤŰְָЦʵʲôѹ֣
ְ˵أǲǳСƬˣǶϵС⣡ȻСһĹĵĶӡ
ߣСһˣڰְֻﲻˡ
ŹŮǣϱеҹ䡣
ǲǵˣȥүȥģǱ߳Ե̫塣
Ӧ, ߹ȥ
ȻһԺӣһԺһӵ, ûԺⶼе鲻ˡ
, æɶأ
, ͵ˣⲻɩˣֲܳ, ⲻӻˡ
ɩأ
ⲻүүСãǸӣϡأ
ɩ𣿡
ˣݣŶƤƤүϡϡŮŮ˾ٸ߸ߡ
ȻݾͿ˴ɩ󱦴Ѿ
  СȻһذ
С壬ʲôƵҪ
Сбˣû
ŶˣСҪˣ
ССȥѧզ
ҪҪ棡
ҲҪȥѧġ
ðɡСһе㲻Ը
ɩȰһȥ￴Ȼڴɩʵǹϵ¡
˰ȥ￴Щ⻹⺺Ψһһγسǡ
ȳԷȳԷ˷ٹȥ
ԣȳԷ
磬·ʲôˣڸǸԺӣһȥ
Ȼ˰ʨͷг˵Բͱˡ
ܣʹԵЩ٣Ҳûԣһţʳʲôġ
ãҸɩϼһ£סķӣѧҲˣֳɵӣǮһ룬в
磬ǰѵõģĻҾҪɵǰͶ붼ҵģԸɹɳв
Ȼô絥ɣʲô̫࣬ȻŰҲϵϿ˿⡣
ǰǾǸ򹤣ĻҪôǮ
ʲô򹤣ϰ壬˵㡣
ôţȻؼ˯ʱռݺͬһǸģһǸԱġ
ȥ̫ƽոԱա
պܾ֮ǰˣϺˣֻʱ˻ûʶ
Ȼ˵ԼңɴѼ˶ϱա
ͬӡ꣬Ȼ绰һ˾͹ˡ 
Աĺͬǿ֮ǩȻǩȥ̱գмǵҪȥ֤֮ûյǮҳǹۡ
Уõ֪˰㡣
ˣҴƹȥǱߣװզˣ
鶼ˣҲźˣԭϸ̸ܵˣҪĻʱ绰С
ţȻᰡȻɴѴӡóݺͬ
Ǹ̵ĺͬϱ̸õĽϾУ̸֮ǰ˵  
õġ
ȻóǸŴӡǸװֻԣҲֻܴɨ裬ôߣ߼Ŀ
Ȼʱȥչ˾ҪյպͬҵԱ̸˭֪ϾȻ˱չ˾ľ
ķ˰ɣã̫ƽչ˾ľҽȻ
ãҽаȻѾ˵ˣգʲôࡣ
Ϊ˿ȫȨȻö˸Աһһ󲡱գÿû˽ǮȻԱ٣һһһʲСĿ
ǩһĺͬǣǮԸʵǡ
úúá
ҵļ˾ȦЩ
ŮʿǾˣǱˣ鳤йҽȫıգҲȫıա
ŶҰЩ֤㣬㿴˭ûоͽһ£һΡ壬ˣҲȫա
õġ
ȻƣȻҲƣ϶ԼˣʮԼһ̻Ͼ˾Լġ
ͬЧҾ͸ǮὫ۰ɣҸ˼ȥģʱὫ˵ôϤ
ȻһѪںǺסˣȻ˵⻰֪ʹûкͬҲ˭ܲˡ
ȻȻ̵ĺСڲ룬۷ǣʮҲ֪˵ıˡ
Ȼ֪϶ӣû뵽ӵôңڰҾͶʮˣȻҲͶһǮ
ϱʶ
ʶһظ棬ȥҿ֦Ժĳ顣  
ҲôգҿǸСưܵĺܡͷ֮ɻ
ҾͲ֪ˣǰӣָϽսˣϽģġ
ֲá
æôʱ䣬û
ˣϹϴ衣
˯ĹŮֻСһڱһ𱧵ݡ
Ȼѣѵƹֽ֮ռԡҡ
ԡ׷ˮϱɽȥϴԡˤ 
ȻЩΣռ䶼Լƿصģôܻˤ
ȻϴҲϴϴԼѽʱ·Žϴ»һõʱú棬óͿֱӴȺġ
ſռ·һ嵭ķˣǼгڱȽˡ
ˮĴзϺֺ;ǳԽϲˡ
Ϲζ
ԣ㡣ǴСţһϸŮԡ
˰ȻϲļĢЩ˾͹ˡ
Ȼһ˼СţԼ˰ӵĿĢСӣ⼸Եһˡ
ϱԱſʼɨսϱĶûʲôζģŹǶۡ
ϱ㲻ηηţʲôóƤƤСƨأίԼҿۡ
§סϱֹסɬԼʲôʱܸԼϱôݵ
Ȼ￴ĽǣϹżһֱߣôһ·ƵĿ羰𣿡
áסϱͷıϱһ仰˵ǣϱ˵һӶԼ顣




108.   108    ҵ

ûһͳ, ȥѹŮСıѾСһֳȥ˯ˣΪСһ߲Ϥ, Լϱֶѧ, СŮ
Ȼ緹, ָ͵ѧԺ, ûΣʹŴɩһȥ̡
һͰˣҪҲ̫ˣ
ȻΪչѸ, һӳ˶ϡĵأСǰ
ϻ˳̯Щعʲôġ
бϷ˵ģȻҲ죬ðþС
һʱ߳еƻ̻ŨĵأҲǸƵʱĵء
һ磬нж̺õĵשϾдүˣӵģ˵ģըġ
ͿüԱһСγŶ, ˵ЦĽ֮Ĺ
ȻṩסҲṩԱͣСǮԵġ
, ߶ˣ˵ǲнǱߵĹ, ȸɲ, һºüʮܳԹס˵գвҩɶĶ, Ժ˻ǮӻǮأ
һܲһӣûԸɣǸǮ
ŴɩӣçѾˣϽѸɻ˾ۼ
磬ˣǴɩɣҽçѵõԱͦš
ãǲ̫ˣҿж¥
һ㶼ڵ¿ӣǽĵطǰ̨ӻû˽ǿĿڵԵĵط  
ŶŶŶмǸɶģ
мۻԱۻĵطλǿԴ򿪽ȥģͨҲ̨ͨ
۸ȥЩ죬ǻզýȥ
ûǸȥǿⷿǳš
ͨģϰ˵õĵֱӸ͵չۻԱڽȥҪĸ͸װ֮ݸǮѵĶΰװ֮ݸ˿͡
ŶŶŶⶼզõģǸҶҤ
Ҥʡ£ϰǮģ¥ϵĿȻҲǣ¥
У
һ¥ǴɩˣҲ֪ԼϱǸôЩ顣
飿
ϰ˵ҸҪƵⲻ鶼۵ˣõİˡ
أ
Щǽڵģ鳤ķģŪģȻһϰģǱǰҽͯҽ͵ģҲ͵ġ
绹̫æڵزȥһ¥һС䣬ЩСǱ⡣
˹ȥһ˵ɩˣû˫˵Сź񴲵棬ƷһӦȫﻹиϴּ䣬ϴּ仹ϴ衣
СҶȲˣ⿾Ҳð
İѴɩϰ嶼뵽ˣ˼һ͹̣Ҳ۵Ḷ́һԭϰ˵ɶʱɶʱҵ
˵ŻǱˣڣȻֶٹӢԽ⣬ɩҲѧеＸԱҲѧ
һ磬ﴫζղܡ
һˣǰС˿
үھͺá˿
ô磿  
ǰ벿һһӾͿۣⲻǱզŵߵζˣҪ˵ζ
˵϶ˣҹʣҲ֪˭ͽˡ 
磬㿴𣿡
磬Ҳſ硣
һֶNɪˣСʵڲаѸղŵרɡ
磬˼Ҹȥһˣܻزˡ
çҲΣҪ˼Ҿʱ䣬»ؾ͵Լˡ
аɣЩ򵥵ġ
ǴҸ֣װȥæûǾȥԼϱˡ
ߵȻѧУҲӣѧУȻѾ¿ˣʰأѻӻֱ˹
ϽǰŶ
ϹʲôȥˣŶ
һֱģˣ˵ԣоء
ߣ̵ôô
ϱҪǱȥϽţԣؼҳ극ٹȥ
УȥĲ˹ݳԣ
ðɣ˹ȥò
ţ
Ȼʱ򣬾ͿƤСڴҺɩš
ãˣҲ֪Ⱞɶ㿴в
Уⲻϲģ̵ҲһӦçû
Уˣ 
óǲҲУҷŽȥ򷢣ΰ״ףţƴ򷢡
߽ţȥţ̱ɣȥأ
ϣһ;ƵĹ˶ɣݶûˣó֤Ŵ
Ȼѱ֮ѹĥߵϣ߰Ȼһ̴߽һ֥߰ʿҺĥߡ
ģߺܴҪԭҲ࣬һû
磬һٰʮȿʮӾͿˣҪм㡣
Ȼ֪ڽҲYˣʹᣬ淢ԼߦƤ
͸֥ʿܻطҪõϺʣкõ㳦ƬȦĢƬཷȦ
ȻһãӶ֥ʿŶһŵˡ
֮ͽȻ֥ʿгʮƴһԲСǣʣµûؼҳȥ
СĿ飬ҲͲһᰲȻ͸Ž˱䶳ҲͶʮӰȻóһ 
ֽӹϱ̫ˡ
볢һô~
ϱ־ǸСԼһڣ̫ɴവι
һڣȻ;ԼҸŨص֥ʿֵıɣĿڸС
ţ˿
ȥ𣿡
ȻᣡȻùõͣڵһɹõıɷۣÿڼͻߣڵ׺һݮǣڸɾûжװεİϡ
мԱǰһҪȣˡ
ǸҲˣп֮Ҳһһǣʣǳԡ
ȻǴϺ򣬽۳ĲݮһҪС⽡
ԣŻȥǳ
гʮϣʣµһһǴȥһͳˡ
˵벿С壬֪Ȼ̤ʵˣѾͷǾͲ䣬㿴һ۾Ҫɳˡ
˵ɶأСһЦţһ˸磬˿
˵ǲǹҵĺ˻Ǵ⣬ƨңզôóԣҵ⣬Թóû֮һֱ̫˼ˣʻûûԹ
СսҪЦӵˡ
ûˣֶŮģвۡ
һźߴ˵һѡ
˵ɶأ
˵˼飬ôֶŮˣԸСʹ̫źˣζҪˡ
ôóԣҳ
ţóóԣǳԶ˿϶壬˿ôһ鲻壿
˵о̫Ҹˡ
СɴСʰûһ顣
磬û˰Ƕ~ʣµĸƤƤҼ޵ˡ
ĳˣɶʱû԰
Ҫˣ磬Ҿһ飬һûζأҺϼƸҹŮȥأ
ˣߴʮǮ̿Ů򵥡
ϣȥã
óǸڽĵ⣬һ۵Ķȥ˿




109.   109    

ȻҲɶ, ؼҰѹŮӹϰѹŮүǣΪܿͻȥ, û뵽һžǴ 
һؼҾͿү̺ڱѣСƨɵ𶹶Сһ
Сһһְֻ, Դתȥ
˹ְûԼί, Ƶ˵զңǲǲϲˣ~Ҫ裡
ͰѴ¹ĹŮ, ǰѹŮְζ¸·Ū, ְֲԣް
أ㲻˵ѧ𣡸Ƕѧˣء
־ѹŮ ְûȥѧְȥˣְֵĴԲְû뵽ôá
ԭˣ´β֪𣿡
֪ˣְ»ؾԲƤƤˡ
, ôû  
ڵС, ְһȥòã
ãȥ衣Сһ, Ӧǿ޵̫Ҫͷ, ͸Сһϴ˰
Ĩˡһ㱦˪㵽СŮϣƤƤſСĨȣֱҲꡣ
үҴƤƤȥҰȻˡ
, ȥȥɡ
ƤƤȥ˵꣺ϱֿΣҴƤƤȥˣȻؼҡ
ţУҪƤƤһȥɡ
У㱧Ҳ߲ȥؼҰ
Са֥ʿװȥֽס֮žʹƤƤϿȥˡ
УʵҲУרҵǾùڽ̵Ķޣ޵ӢģҲûԼϱ̵ȫ棬ǰѧǰҵϱУʱ䳤˳
ѡĿγҲͻƤƤҲУûʱȥϱǱߡ
ȻҲûֱӻؼң߽һЩ決֪ʶʹв𣬵츳ǸܸܵģȻһͻᣬܾһ
磬ҿϢЩģѻв㣬ɩɣ츳ߣȫûˣְɣ۶һͿҵеĻͽ
ȾǸоҲ
ǽƷģǿȻ⼸ֶӵĲظص㣬ҽǿԳڸждˣǵҪ
ȵӦò࣬ȴԽԽ̲࣬ģͷһҪľԲӷŽ䶳ҲҪǰãڶһľԲӸɲݶ
ȻÿƷһ˳Ҳָ¥µ˳
ȥһƷ۸ֵǮˣϢԼҲһͣҲų࣬ȫǡ
  ЩȵĵӣǰϱߵУַҲˣȸ̲ǿģʹѲĿ˻һһҲҪԴǽӵͶһµļЧûŶ
õģ֪ϰ塣
ˣɣȲ͸Ա͵㣬ںȲ͵ң˭˾ͽʮǮȻȥˡ
Ȼۻˡ
Ϊз̵˶ҹս޲öסڵ
ȻͲˣؼҾͿԼϱſڿϣ۵İѹŮǰ౳
ۻ˰ɣǲһ춼ڵ첻ƤЬˣ˶Ь
Ѿ˶ЬˣûϱĿʣóһ˫۵ľɫЬѧ
ƤƤڸһǸСèڽҵʱ˯ˣûء
Ϲ˵̽ʲôأ
ͽ֥ʿݰɣϲ֥ʿ⡣
ãʹ绰ңýһ֥ʿ̸ǣоǶ֥ʿġ
ãżġ
š
Ϲǳʲôˡžһ
ϳԶз۶˴Ϻһզ
źãȥˣֱӸá
ϱȻѶó˳㻹óһֻţŹǰӸ˼
ţͰŹǸϣϾ
ϵΧȹȻǸϸļͥС
ŷǱȻ͹ˣſܱ˵Ϣֹˣ͹ͬȻֱ˶Խӣ˶ԹȻóʮһǧֽʮǼ˵ʮ걣յǮһǶԱһıǮ
۰ȻսǮҲˮƵĻǮȻЩһ¾Ͳǰ׸˼ôǮһӾͰϹ˰
;ȵĽӹϰԼĺͬһϰԼԼĶǸϰһıգôǮһʱµ
һ˿޵СӣǸȻŻˣæѽǵˣҵѽɱˣ̫ˣ
ϰ壬۰Ҫһӣ˵žҪȻ
ȴӵסϽͣ㰡ϱ
أ۸ң
һļƤæ˶߳ţſ
ֵҪҸȥУһûùЩǮģ¡
ȻǼǺ£Ļ˷ܡ
Ҹȥˣʲô
Ȼղſ޵ǸӾЩɶҪˡ
ڴѧſھиУ˳ǮȻ˿
ֵܣԷߣ
һĿ˲侫ӵˡ
԰ɣϰ忪ĵ꣬Ǳߵƻͨһֶǣ˵ɶɣ
ȻһֱҵҲûעߣǰؼԼүү䰲СĴ󣬱ǰ쵼ڵʱ򻹺ã쵼ųĺӡ
Ҳû뵽һֶ˼ҵġ
ϰ巹꿪ôԭİ
ҵܣ㽻ףҪܵ׵ϰ廹ֳ߲˴˶г
üһĸг
鳤ұϵĲгһĲгǣͷ۸񶼱ʵݡ  
үүǱ𣿡
ûУϰ˵ûҪ˱˵ĵ⡣
Բۣ˭ĵ⣬Ǳ̶߲þԱȥˣϰǲŪ
ԣϰ鷳һ֪ͺõı顣
ȻŻǰҰɣԼүүϵһȥסʲʩȫĴԺˡ
ʹȻȥ˶ٷᶨȻҪⶨӵĴˡ
˲֪СӾʹϱﾯԱаһᵽѧԺ·ķҲˮǴߣСǮߺԺʱ۵ĲС
һ뵽ĵط࣬Сһҧһžˡ
翴÷ˣ뵽ԼǱҲʵ̫ˣɴ˱ϵԺӴϱӰ˹
Ǯţ൱£ҶߵԺӡ
һʱѧԺ·ķӸǴﵽǼ۸ߵĵضΣȻҪʱѾǲҪһ飬ԶһһĺԺ
˭Ὣأɴ͸һԺӣ֮ܰȥһʱȻָʧ䡣




110.   110    

, Ȼûʲô£֥ʿݡ
ɩҲŹȻҲæ
, оô
û˵ãĵظ֤û⡣
ǴÿһǸƷ, ǹǾõȥƷ
Ȼ˵꿴, ʾû, æ
ȻСһҲûԼӦðѵʮǮûջ
ű¥, ͿСﶼüģǽš
Ȼü˶¥ʱܿˡ
ںȻüסûµġ
㣬ǹˡ
ţô£ⲻ𣿡
С￴Ȼæ֡
Ȼȵ˵ô£
İ㣬̲ú, ϺúȣĿõ, һʱ֮䲻֪ô죬ôŬϰﲻԷˮƽ
һһһ, ԼԼ, һ
˵갲Ȼ¥ͣȥӹСѷ־, һֽüȭͷôУŵ˶Ū
¥ϣһ
ã֪ˣ
Աȥ¥ϣӸ־ѣھкܿùˡ
ŵԱ쵼ȫֽС
ӲŰſڣ־øȻ˸λöɩз丶¡
ϱߣˮˮͰһ˷һ
ҪǳζúóԿڱϵֽдҲԻԺţǰбűˡ
оǳҪڣƷ֮µϾƷм֣Ƕ÷ڡ
ƤƤǿ϶ϲ
ֻһС㣬һúõ߸·˳Ҫү̰ѺӴɣǳһֺӳԣӳԱֱõȻ¼ۡ
Уȥ绰ȥдŸʾߺߺȣ
ϣȥ 
һſڼһ˵ƷƷˣѧҲдӵˡ
ΪүүҲǴһﺢƷأûüȥҲֻܻסӲɢ
ǰ飬ɤӺ㣡㣡Ҵŵܵүүˣǽȥ
尲Ҳ㣡򣡽ȥ
ƤƤҲȤ㣡ȥ
үЦŹ˹СѾͷıӣǰְϣ
ССְ裡
㣡
  ϹǲۼҺˣ
ϸϸȥ˵ǽ
ͣÿŶӣĻûãǻܾãÿ˶УȻۼҺӽ
֯ǿͿѾŶӵĴүóСŵˣνǾḻ
үӿɿǱСһֲɣҲ߬ס
󱦴ѾСС氲һͯСۣһŰ壬ŵһ̿ɿ̱ϡ
æӰ̲ǵ
ף̲~ûϻغú~СѾͷһھͲˣһֱ̫үүҲûš
ۣãúѽ
ĲŨҺпϵĻش
㶼û԰Һӵ²ۡ
Ŷȶ˻һŶȻ˵꣬ˣźö౭̲衣
㣬һԶˡ
ţûȥɡô
ۣȸղŵĺúȣ
Ũ
Уµ϶һζóȥߵĿ˳һ¡
õġԱ̲趼ȥŽ־˵߹Ʒ
û˾һСѣԱ˵߻кܶ࣬ее˲˴඼ˡ
ϵǴͳĺָֻѩͷ¿ɻֺıɡ
һӾʹ˺ŵã粻磬ÿһĵζյ˼£سԹĵĹƶԲ±ˡ
үү̿һôÿһ飬ݸ軹СС
õүү˵˻壬үү̵ģܷŵĸҲ㣬ѧģʣºܶء
ǾУ͸çҴȥ㡣
ŶԱˣиƷ˵СƷʱҲûȥ㡣
ԱûҪˣ˵᲻ӶԱûȥˡ
ÿһ֥ʿһƷĶˣȻгЩ壬ǿ˶ϲȻ˸ЩƷ
û뵽綼뵽ˣ׼һϵˮ
ⳡζʢϰ˵࣬С°ˣְŮһûڼңžͿһˡ
С廹ĸ˸һҺˣϼ˶Ҳˣһʱһݲˡ
Ŀû뵽оϲ񣬳еĵһݣ˾ľУҲ൱ˡ
˶˼õˣҪǲˣһУ˶ˡ
СߺУڶһ˷ˣ˺İСҲܻ˵ˡ
ȻûӣҪȻĶʵϣǷ治ͣвԣǸûȥ
һһǻȥԣ˵ﰲȻ棬ȻָһһС
Ͼƫ˻٣ԼܵѧУҪдֱȻʲôʵԵ˺ǶһҲܲˣԼڻźء
߰ȻС̸ϽѧȹһɶῴץϹ
ȻŻһСʵȻ￴ŮŽأԼϰ岻ǴƼңʮǮ˭Ҳòܸƽˡ
ŹŮһ˻ؼңæһ˭ˣ˼Ҿϴϴ˯ˣϾ컹Ҫҵء
ǵԭһʱĳգΪЧڶſڵ˺ܶ࣬ڼϿҵ۵ŻݣԶһо;ˡ
ȻɻԼ۸񶨵ҲͰһզײƵģ
磡ҸܸܲУ찲үȥǸһһһС飬ү̺û
Ȼ֪ʲôʱ̨ϱأƲһˡ
Ȼɶ̬ȣȻյ˵
ȻƲһۣʲô̬ȣȥ£Ҫ˵ҲøˣҲţ㱣չ˾Ҳû£Ͻæϰиզ
Ȼǳ鴤ΪˣһԸΧȹ̸ӡ
Сӣĥ䰡ҼǸһûˣ㣡ʶҼеˣ
õĴү֪˴үȻСӶЦ
קԱŪɣϱأ߶ǽȡ
ңȻ
զ
ȻĬǴүǽǲүܵܵ
ˣ¥ᣬЩûûأһСʱɡ
һ֥ʿһһ̢һܽĵ̡
üһװǸСӣȫ·
Ȼѵĵ¥üһǼ̣¥ôȵ۸ɶͰ




111.   111    

ϰһСʱ, ʹȻҲ붼¥ʱڴǮûˡ
Բҵ, ȻҲʼͶѧϰ֮ 
ò˵ǣתרҵ, ת˻רҵ
Ϊҵȱ, һϾͨˡ
ڻڰ༶ѧЩ֪ʶ, ȴϱ֮ٺ
ת۵٣ȻĶԽԽ߸±ǰƤƤʮµʱ򻹴, Ż
ÿչϱΪʢ˵ϱܿСġ
ȻĥƵᱳʹģҹô˯׶θ˯
ƤƤȻСÿĹƵĺ裬һҲ֣ȫһڴСĵ
һŽ, پıʽ
ŽŲϣưй, Ȼޱȵļ¶ҲܵƵԼü¡
Ȼһץۣ
æסϱ, ϱˮ˸оžҽԺ, ߻ÿվڵľһæѰȻͽҽԺ
Ӧ˵ĵַ˸æȥվˡ
һ, û뵽ȻôϽʢүʰҪõĶҽԺܡ
ҵŮ˽춼ڼңүүȥ
ְҲһаССǲ˵ڵ´ԼĶ飬ССүҲڱʱ׼š
˿һ֪ȻҪϲĻصңżųӴС˶צˡ
棬أ
ļװģ˵ҽҽԺ̣Ͼȥˣչ˺õܵá
úӡֶͷһæҽԺϡ
ҽԺߣĵȴĸСʱһûУž˺¡
ڵȴнģ۵һĺ۾ˣҽһӳˡ  
ҽզһϱأ
żСӣиʺܺã˫̥ʹҲֻСһѣܻܵûء
ҽѺӽӹӣССһֻСƵĶ۵ĲУôôСûƤƤһ
ϵСȦкĽ8.13.20
СһﻹûۣܸղŵĿķô߬Сȭͷ˯㡣
ʢүһָСһСһǿû첻㣬ܽ
СһСһڰְֻ˯İݣͿܰһĻСûס
СȻȻأ
ûɤӶЩˣ˿ҲͶܸԼһůˡ
һޣ˲أЩֻŲס쵽ſڵš
һֻСĿˣҽϱأ
ɶأƤƤǲԼأȻղһֱڵ£żûأŮܳȥô졣
ŮƤƤǸڼذڹŮƤƤʱڣῴŮĶˡ
Ŷ˵갲ȻˣŻһӡ
ҽҽզ
ûû¾۵ģѹôܼ֣ԭżﺢӣЩעϢ
ϱСɷ׵۵ԸӣǰȻʲôһ
ȻûѣѺӽĸԼȥɷѣһСʱ֮һ԰׵˻
迴æϵҡҡͷʾûʲô¡
ǸʲôģһܵʲôˣС͵ȥһ£Ҳû뵽Ȼ˽
֣߰Ҳû뵽Ů˸ΪǵģҲ
ȻʱѾǵڶϣСͣһ˸š
ȻһͷͿԼϲһСһƤƤš
Ȼĸ󱦱Сá
оϱˣ۾ͱ׸ţסϱ촽һ¡
ϱԺô
ðҲû뵽һ˸˫Ƶ~
ϱ
ҽԺôҲûмãã΢粻ֿųͰŮŮӽ˻ȥ
һµļ٣ס˰Ȼźӡ
⸸ĸˣʱ泡գæʱ⸸ĸ˳һĺʣȻǰ£ǿһҹʱ͵ˡ
иɻˮ̺ӣһӿһĺԹ˵ġ
ɴѶһҷֵ㣬Լ㣬ʣµȥ
Сֶ֪Ů͵ڣ̨ŵ᷿ʡ̫ϱ
Сıðѱ㺣ݶȥⶳϺҲֱӶϺߣзֱӶʰɾٶ
Ӵ󱴿ǣʰɾȥ˿ǶϣƤƤϺֱӾͶʣӰ˵ϴɾϱϲϺ֣ⶼǴŵģʳãֱӾˡ
ЩɻóĸүүһʰԼЩģԼܿӶӡ
䶼ԼϱԵģﰲοϱӲܴӿռöԼԼϱԵġ
ȻͰˣȥ˭ֱ֪һȥҪԼֻܸ￴ţڴŪ˵զȻơ
Ϲϸ㺣ݣϺ֣
õϱҪ͸~
УڳԱˡȻĶӣôʲôʱԼСܻѽ
ţʲôʱ˾͸󣬻ȸ費ҪǸͱ̲ѽ
Ȼ̲ҡҡͷҲȥš
аϱ迴ء˵Ҳҡ
ȻŻ趼һ̫ܽˡ
Ҫ֪ŮôľҪġ
ÿ϶һôһӵĺʶˣզˣҹŮأ
У׼ĸҳģһأⲻһҷֵ㣬Сָ⺢ӷҪԡ
Ůܳԣ׼׼ĸЩɵòǮɣ
ʢ˵ÿʲһȻȻܽ˵ģСҲ
ҹŮ𣿡
ˣళǾͳԷˣЩ㶼˱ʢ
ˣԼС񣬾ܳҲԲЩɣ⿴źǺü˵
ɲǺü˵ҵı񶼷Ųô϶ࡣ
Ŷı񶼸鲻ˣµζҪȵ궼񶼲Ź
Ȼι̣ճ극ֶˣɴŮأһϱĴЬµء
֣衣
СٳԵ㣬ֳԲˡ
֣Ȼˣֵ㣬ݸһԡ
Уಥ㡣ָһ裬æȥˡ
Ȼóڿռĥõɽװӹóһ
ûͷϣһΧСԣƤƤЩȫ˹ܣ͸ϱзȻϲǺݣ֭ľͺˡ
ϹǲǻлзˣһҲˡ
ԣϹĺò
ðɣȻŻסߺð
Ϲ۾ͻ˳Ǻò
ãȥҾ




112.   112    Ӷ

ȻӵʱøϿѧ, ǻ𼱻ǵһҲ˷ɡ
ѸĹˣרĸҴӣүү̸ﰢ̳Χ£Сһˡ
Ȼû̷, ̷ͨ۵ĺӻɿռ䷽̷ۡ
̷ļ󣬰ȻֻһƵ͵͵̷۹̷͵͵ûؼ, Ҳҿûܷ⼼
Ȼĵһֱһ, ƽһܿһҵꡣ
˵ǻϵһƥ, ѧڿʼһųоԼΪߣõʦͬѧкܶԹԡ
, ǻĸ󱦱ء
ûСΧԵͨѶоߵ绰ŶҲѸٱ
ȻǣѧԺ·߾ֶˣСĸɴͱʮ˱
СΧĵ绰Я쵼˶, ̾ɽв˳
ܿطվѸٽһȺܴĿ
ҲƳֻһͨѶ, ǹֽ͵ӹ㲥һʱѸ
Ŷӵõר, Ȼ˶۲, üһҪ֪ô׬ǮԼʲôѧϵ
ܿ찲ȻҲæˣΪֻǺܶҶû뵽ģû뵽ôĹһָԪȻͰѿƼôǸɵˡ
һʱƵ, ȴץסҲûһԱ
ȻҲΪ߼˼άݱ⽻Ҳȥѵһ£һС۵ƿʱȻҲɹΪ⽻һԱ
ǰȻû뵽ģȻŽûЩɷʱȻץˡ
ûһʱ䣬̣׷׷˵ͷתϵ⽻ҪѰ
ȫҲѸٳоĵӳȫ˵ľ
Ȼȵһשͷֻ֮Ǳ߻վû꣬г˸ݸСɵķֻ
һʱҼʹô˼ôûãΪһֱڳһ
ЩҸɴͷˣʵڻĶҲͦõģüߣαÿڼϻôǮˣûء
Ϊ̶꣬ûôǣˮƽߣټֻЩžûˡ
Ϊ֪ȻǰȻŵϰ壬һʱץסԱ̵ܾСӿʼֵͶߣϸ硣
ȫվǰأȻθⴽǹսΪľͿʼһζĿ硣
Ȼ͸оԼôæµί˼ҲǱѼϼܵģ԰Ȼְˣְˣ
˭Ҳû뵽ȻôգһʱֱĲУȻְˣҲְˣ
˶ˣȻҲյŸ뺯ǴְֻΪúģԼǹ滮һ
ҲȭץסнĺԴͷŷǼЩ۵ҲǱصļ
һ̣ǲ֪Ƕôɵǹʹ׷ȥȻǸûˣȻѧУѧϰһͱҵˣҲһ
ѧҲΪˣŽʽ롣
簲ȫҲʶεأ֪ڱȥ˺ԹҵĹԺأһ뵽ȫ쵼һ
ʼ⣬ԼһЩǱڵ
ΪƤƤܹԵչܵܣȻǸ㡣
ǼСƨĲУ˵ǰ컹ͱ˸ѡ
ӶҪˣһ챻ϴ˺öأү˶ˣСֵǽһϡ
Ϸѧģƫˣ˵Сһ־Ҫҳߡ
ȻְֻͿǰűСֶպԼҵأ
˸ϽȥСֵ
絰˵ߣҲϲˣ
ܵܳţҲүˣ
ˣյСȭͷﻹܵܡ
氡ಽĸŸ磬Сһؼˡ
Ȼŷ֪СһȥһȻϰָ߸ء
춼ѵˣֶնյĶӣһûؼҶӶѹˡ
ܵұ㣡
ء
һһӣԼСϻ̺֪ˡ
ֻоһۣԼ˸ڡ
ȻѾЦĶˣϽס۾ȭͷĸ磺ǰְְ֣Ѿ
һȻǰְæСס۾ҿңҲǵǳ
ЦˣҪʲôȥԼү᲻ᵣģؼҴƨƨ
СһҲ˲ˣСסƨɣһû˵˰ְֻ
Сһ۾Ŀְ֣ɲԴ㣿ԭģ
˵ɣʲôԭ鿼ٴ£
үǣҲˣ̫ˣȥ찢̺̲裡Ҵĸ͵⣡
СһǶʤĴ󹫼˵ŻסְֵĲ
֪Լҵͻ˵ְ߰ΪʲôүǣҲˣְܸܲǽ
СһﱧְֲӣСڰְֲСǰ˼ΪҸ˺Ӷһֻӱֻ
ȻЦ˶վסˡ
ˣԺֻдһֻӱֻôӲҪˡ
֣Сһ￴ְĻˣְҲˣ
Сһ˳ŰְֵȥҪܣ̫ˡ
СֶҪܣһһ͸žߡ
Ȼں߸ЦĲУ绰̲һţ⡣
ܺӱҪŵϣһ͹ѵС֣ɴŵ˰ϡ
ƤƤְܻܵ緶ģ˦СȾͽøߵݸְ֡
СŮĻЦ˹ӣСһѵӣʪһСһƷˡ
裡ְҪԳ
㣡
СһѵϷƤƤе㲻ģСƵקסְְ֣Ҫˣ֮ҲͺӶˡ
ţҲܵͺӶˣ
ְ֣ԺҲͺӶˣ
ϹҪˣȻСһĸϷȰҲãԼĸܱ
ȻˣǾСʹ룡
ž
ž
ۡ[XnXʹʹ~]
ء[XnXö~]
ָ𶹶СѰ·ѵԡҡ
Ȼŵݽȥһƿɱԡ¶޲һƿСϡ
СһҲˣץЦˣӵСԴϣɵĶͯЦʵԼСʱˡ
ûүү̣
үү̣СһֺóԵģҪʲôʲôүү̣Сһͷ
ȥ궬죬ԼȻæһ°ΣգԱѰӹһ󣬺ȶӶֻȥˡ
һԼȻæҴҼ˼棬ͦԲģҲˣһźӻȥһȦ




113.   113    

ȻŮƤƤ, һݲֳأ
ƤƤȦסĲ, ƤƤôŶҺְ, ߺ𣿡
СһȦ, ֮ǰСһһֱû뿪Լ, СһҲɶ£Ҳ֡
һԼ׷ʲôأǮ𣿲ǡ
Ȱ𣿸ǡ
üＸСһƽֵĳ, ȻԼĴԽһ˲ҲܾҲˡ
ڵĹȻû2109Ҳ˶ʮ겻ֹδչᳬԼڵǸ硣
հҵҲûңȻԼúúԼŮˡ
һϴòã
ҮҪһ㣡Ҫ̺үүжүƵأ
ŶƤƤԼ˼㰡
ߵ㣡үү˵泡ܸƤƵ
ŶƤƤүү𣿡
롣Сһ˵žЩơ
һʰְֿɲһؼҺòã
𣿿ǰְֻҪСһǼ漴СԴ
ְ蹤æˣԺ˿ζڼƤòã
裬˵𣿡Сһ۾, ʹûƭԼǲš
, ϴ裬ϴʰְֺòã
ţ
ȻƤƤҲ, Ҫһ꼶, ӽո߿꣬ûȥһ£ۿŶûȥˡ
ʹƵϵ, ֪Ĳ࣬ѾҲǸˣˣԼʱûƤƤء
ȻԡҸСһһԡȥˣû뵽СĻû
ȻǻѧУԶЩĺԺסģϾԽԽ࣬첲үүүүҲˡ
ڿһֲһ붼ѣȻŻٵʱ޽һ°ɡ  
ǰʽţҲ̫ߵ𽥿ţߵķȻҲǴԹķӣҲС
ӵĲҲϵȵģڹʮͲȫˣҵҲ߶Ҫ̡
ϾӶڼͳˣ󲻻ˡ
ŮһļҾӷһˣȻһǴ󱦹ˡ
Ȼȥţ󱦣ôģ
СⲻǸ߿ܵ׬Ǯôˣ
Ŷ߿ô𣿡ȻǰССһ᳤ԼͷĴֶˡ
Уҿ϶Ϊүһľ˵ģ
Ѿأ
ѾڶأҲȥ㻨Ǯˡ
󱦱ƤƤһڣСѾͷԼϣСһﱧŸͷֵĲС
أ
Сϴء
Ȼѵп̲赹ҲŹСһ
趼ǣһסСƨɡ
Сһһûץסǻ
ʵ㣡
Сһﱧϣʪܳȥˡ
˯¸ںߣͿСһƤƤԼϱױ
㣡㲻ŽƤƤš
㣬ˣƤƤסԼܵܡ
ϣȻ׵裬˰Ȼһ
һߵĸԼϣ󱦣Ѿأ
ѾڶССءЦţȻô󱦱ɩ񣬻ʺϸС塣
ҲǵģȥʲôĺӣѾǽεͣСһ·òá
˵ǻС̫ǮǰղסǿͶĹʲŻϧ
ȻЦ࣬û뵽ǸصĶ֡
һߣܰס
˴󱦣Ĳﱸôˣ
½˺üֵ꣬Ȼִһˣ˲нǸʣµӶǴɩԼġ
ƽʱҲֻڲнǸţĵ궼ͽȥ
ǰ컹˵ʼﱸĲأڶŹѵͽء
ˣҰ˵¼ȡ֪ͨٿҵȻ˵ġ
ţƿˡ
ƤƤŵ⣬СĶ̧ͣͷְְ֣֣˵ǿһ̼𣿡
ȻˣܵҲ̼ˣǿʱ̼ҴһŶ
ϱüҶЦ⡣
ۣ̫ˣ
ۣ
ۣ
ȻСŮĹȵܵܣ۾ﶼǡ
ʸһȥ𣿡
磡һȥ̼𣿡ƤƤСԹһת硣
󱦻ûҲͦү̵ģãһȥ
ۣǸʽ㣡СС磡˻С˾ˣ˾ˣ
ְ֣ҵĵ绰ֱأСһƽʱԸһӣҲ˾Ҵˡ
֪̫үңֺ
ƤƤҲˣ͸̫үȥˡ
ƤƤǱŻģĹʢīʮ걻ĺܺãѾҪϴˡ
ƤƤСֱǱߵ˵ýȻſССֱĻһȦСӡ
ͯСۣ壬СССǣСߴߴɵ˵ȫ˵Ҫһȥ
һͷԼŮ֯ǲе̫ǿˡ
ɩٿ϶ʵϰС϶ûʱ䣬˵ˣʱĶһأһӶȥҪ裬Ӷ
ʱ𣬰Ȼﺢˡ
ȥţûǰﺢ˽Ȼ߳Ϳſˡ
Ÿϰһ޵Ȼ۾ģˣֲŲᣬȴôҲǰˡ
㣡걧סԼ㣬޵ӣԼѧļϲã׳־ʽѧϰǷϣ뵽̸Լĺܶ࣬Լ϶Ųȥ 
Լϱ˱סŭˣ뿴ĸģһ㡣
ǸԼϱ߷Ƶ۾ҲᣬǸԼϦദСӣȴһѶҲûУʱʱȫϢͲ޴ˡ
򡣡
סˣСӣһϢҲﴫҪǣ
С˾ˣƤƤϳԼ˾ˣСʱС˾˸ˣ
ƤƤܹȥסȣͲһȣԱߵľԱһ飬СҪƢˡ
˭𾪾Ա۵һĻˣͿǸƽʱһ·Ҫ·ӵĵžȻͷ۵Сﱧ׸ͣ
ƤƤǵþ˾˰˾˺㣬ƤƤˣƤƤԽԽɰˣ
˵һҪһԼСŮཱུСӡ
˾ˣҲ㣬˾аǵʳӱĺܺã߷˺öʳŸ˾һԵģԲ
ϸ˾͵͵ĳԺò˭
ǵܵܣ
ǵǸ磡˭
ǳǸģ뵱ܾܵǵܵˣ
꿴Ÿһ޵ʪСһҲ뵽ǽĺӣСһ˵ɶ
ȻղżˣῴԼ׵ļ˶һЦôҲ²ȥܵɻ͡




114.   114    

ۼҳȵСʱ, ǵҪ磬ϲܵܣӾͻˡ
Щ, ڶܻˣ
ӣ
ӣ
󱦸ղȥ˰үְ, æܳȻԼ϶ӡ
裡
ӣˣ
֡
ͺá
ԹϣСˡ
ţ˵ֻ, ְѶӽס
ӣ
үүҲ, ˶̲סĿ
ү̣
ͺá
˾һжһкڲС
, Է𣿡Ȼ˳ϵգǿ˺Զ
ûؽ㣬ҹϻҵľԱ硣
ߣǳԷȥ
ȻԺѳѾǼˣǸΪʣɸ˵, ҪǼﺢӶˣˡ
֪Ժʿﱳ, ǿԺʿҵķӲǼԺҲô, û뵽ҽ㿪ĳҲûм
⳵, ֻûд䡣
ȻԼҵִ4ʱ˳ġ
ڹҶԺƿػûôƣԴֻΣԺܸ, ȻҲǽϵı⽻ٹͨŸҰȫܴ
Ҳżܣ⼸꼸һһΣ첻õʱ򼸸һΣŪһЩƷϾʱ
ϴÿ־Ȼô￪ŷ㡣
Ϊʲô¼װãϰ֮һʱͱ߼飬ŸûȻûأý쿪ųȥһȦ
Сʢүţһȥ
ţõİ̡
һȻһһʢ壬·ûжԶҲһ͵¡
ԶͿ׳һԼ˻ų̈æӭȥ
㣬զû˵
ʱģпհ𣿡
УûȥǸ£
ţӣҵܻȥЩ죬ϲСġ
á
ˣҸͣװһ£һϽֽҸ˵
ϣȥ
Ȼż˽˰ǿЩʲô˵Ϻǵ˵ġ
ǵӵˣƵģѾȫϵˣзģǰȻϲһԼҹԷǲԱġ
㣬ҰԵ㶼ˣ
Ժʿϲ嵭𣿡ɻ󣬰ԺʿһʳöԵıϾ嵭
꿴һ۵ʦĺһͶôôԣȻʦֻϲա
㰡
Ʋ죬ҽĺڳԴʦľͻоڵը
һһĲƷʱţҲ̫С˰ɣ˭ôСװˡ
ԿڼӣĹвʮһܳˣСͬ־߲һɣ
ǰȥоǳԷһ㣬СС񫡣
ֿСսʿĲڱ˵
ǣ׳վŰһ
ҾǺӣԼ³Է
ǣ壡
һŽȻƵһߡ
ùˡ
ϣ㿴ĸϲ
~лл~
ȻŵܵЦǰԼӡ
~
ȻùֽʣɴѺӽ˾ǣԼҲϱǰ
˸ĸͳҸҪǻ˳ǣǼСһҲҪš
㣡ҲȥϱҲȸŹȥ档
ãҸ˾
ŮʿҾܿͳ˵
ã˾ˣԼУԭеĳģܵ˯ġ
ãⶼû⡣
һžͷλüӶͯȫΣһЩصӣ򵥵ġ
Ȼ˸š
ˮ䣬ʱܸӳ̣ռ㡣
θСţڽǶȣྵġ
ãⶼû⣬ʵöá
С
Ҫ˳ǣ
ţһȦ
Ҳȥɣ׼ĸһֱأһֱ߲
ǰأ
Ҳһߣȥʴ쵼ܲһӶûϢҲˣ
ҲһȦ
ɶеģһӻûء
극͸֪ȻװòʮңȻʾ֪ż
ʮ찲ڼңһĳԷֳԷҳԷʮüˣôݡ
Ҳ֪Ĺھ浽оͿһֱڼϢ
ͳͿʱ߿ƽƽ棬һϳ͸оͬˣλҲĳ˸ҼΡ
׼ˣҲʱ䣬ǲݵģֱ׼˼٣Ҫһ֮ڻ
󱦸Ѿ¼ȡ֪ͨ鶼ˣ˻ĵһУѾ˻ϳǴѧ
ҲӸŰȻһؼҡ
ûʱ㺢ӻȥҲɴúӻȥһү
СҲҪȥǰС˵߶ɹҪһƤϻɹܺڣСһӾʹ˳ȥͷȻҲǿ²ȥġ
ðȻżСӵ߼ʶʶȻʹϰ漸
ʢү˵ϱߵɽïʢȥȻҪӵġ
³΢粻ãһӴһҪƵ˿ͳ
Ҿͽͣҹ̶ӰԼү̼һĺԺֱһԺӡ
ò˵ǴǮ벽нֲصĵطԺһԺĶС¥һһһ
ڴѾѾеķסŴɩס
Ҫ˵ڴҵʵõģȻ͸ɴ໹ŪĺԺ
ͳ·ϣŵ̺ںڵ棬Ȼó  
ʱԣҲżȻԤ·죬;ɫ
Ϊļȫˣ˳ͱŰȻ¡
еæҪ齨зŶӣԼ˾˼·ˣ뵽ӹŮϱѵҪͶæµĹ
𰸶룬϶Ƿ񶨵ģ˼һҹУʦ񲻴
ôҲϱ˵ˣȻͦãҪⱲǮˣɲ
ⲻڳϾԺ˯ˡ
ͳ߻˭˭ֵ£°̫Σգⲻ
ʵ˶֪⳵κһ˶ޱȵҪһҲܳϾԼܱԼǳİȻص㱣
ԽԽůͣ·ߵĻҲïʢɽҲԽԽ࣬һ·ҲûʲôС
ɴҸɽˮĵطͣ
¯˳óϱﶳĴỹûȫⶳһ㿪ˡ
ڳϰŲһ£ȶ֮С򿪣պгɸ
Ȼ࣬Ȼʲô趼һ




115.   115    

ְѼ˽йһ, ˸ɴ¿Ļ
С⽣ȻڱϰŵϣСںá
ͷϺС, ڹţһһʢ, ȻҪ˱ס
, , ϳۼ̶e̵ˡ
̣һװ, Ȼź߶
Сӵ˵طһҪ³ҲˣǰΧסЩĿȫˡ
ϱװش룬ȶ֮󺰵棬˰ȳԣ
Ӧ˳һ⽸ԼϱԼһһϣ, һһԱˣҲҪԷˡ
˵߸, СһӳԵĻͦ죬Сֻץ⴮š
˳
֪׼Ҫһӹ, żɩ沰ʰˡ
ɩⷿӸǽĽ, ʰҲ̫ˣ
ǰɩҺӸб¡
ؾӻ϶ϴ󲻻
ˣϴͿС̣, һü껹£϶ⲻڰϱСֵʵϰҳɶ϶ϱǲҲʵϰǼӶ
ϴҺҲͦ˰ɣʮ˰ɣ
󱦶ʮ˴ݶʮˣⲻӽ궼ϴѧˣӾͷ˾ͻڻɶʱ
ĸ˵һĲᣬ˭۽ǵ޶Щ
ϴӶ˴ѧ
ӲǸۼҺһߴ𣿡Ҷϱһ𾪣ǲš
ⲻС̵ĺãӵǱ߾ⲻſ𡣡
Сӽ̵ĺã㿴СӴĺһѧϰϽˣЩӻá
ӣۼд˯ģҪҸ
ðСɩɩСɩӶٸʣۼұС
񰳼˵ûȥӣȥˣ 
ⲻү˵ɶ⣬Ͼ׼һزɶҲ׼ǡ
ԶԶԣ
ɩʵãǾ͸Ͽ֪⻹ɫأ
ҰȻʻľϹǮ
Тأҿɶ  
ҲСʻģɶשţˣס
Ԥ·̣Ϊ޵·ų򣬼ʱСͳЩ߸˻ſڶһͿճںϣǰԶ˳ˡ
Ȼû뵽̶ʱ䣬˳Ǳ仯Ȼô
·ߵС̯ӹ淶룬̯Ǹϲ
Ҹ軹ʢһȥһȦط˼ġ
Уǵǡ
ȻڴߣѴ򿪣СܲͷǶǰˡ
裡ʲôŶ
һô
Ŷ
ȻŮ߰ɣְȥ򡣡
ﳵ̯ͣλǰ˵ĹעһͲĿͳ
һ֥ĿСﱧŸ۵СŮΧ۵˶ɵۣϻôÿˡ
ۼ¡
ϣСްզÿسǵĿͳ
ֽĿ򺣬߸ྡ
ţŮ
СӼĵģ
ǺӵģŲԶ֪
ӺðͬѧǵģŰ޻˴ѧء
˵ü۴Ц˵ԼӽĲС
ԽԽ죺Ǻɣ
ʶң
СҳԸۼİͬѧ
ϣӣСѾͷôˣҶûϳǻﰡ
ԣⲻҵզˣ
շż٣ⲻһĵʲôȥˡ
֪⺢ӵĶ࣬һἸݼð
ûȥ޳ԣʱϴҳ
ϵĸۼ8ëһ飬ϽǮǮжƵ˳
ôˣ
ǸǲҪǮ¾ˡ
ǰһһֱڸͨ𣿡
ţĸ۰µ˹ȥҾͶʵǮ
ͦõģﻹǮ𣿡
УҴ㿪˾ģǰ֮ͽȥˣ½ҴǮˡ
ϱ㳢óԲСʱϲˡ
Ķ˰Ƿ֣ԼŮһһһ飬˺һСιϱС
óԣġȻ
ְ֣ҪԿ㣡ϺϺŴߡ
ãְȥ򣬸ְȥ𣿡
ȥ
 ҲҪȥ
ãһһӾ˳
Сӣɶ
ĿҪʮϺҲʮɡ
ҲûҪ࣬ҪǸ죬Ĳ֪ɾ
ϰǮ
ëһϺëһһ10Ǯ
ǮǮɡ
СͰְֵĶóǮУһǮһǮ͡
˵һţʮ۰ְְֵ֣ͷСһˡ
ζһĴ˵˾䲻Ҫϰͷʾ֪ˣͰѿõĶֽݸ
Сһһһ첽ϳӰͲ·ϡ
һĴһСĳһպãϾ·ϻбĳԵģȻֿ˴Ϻۣذȥ
ֲ㳤һ͵ţŸҲֳʳģûԹľ򣬳ͣյˡ
Ƿż٣Ϻƫ࣬µʹ˶̹ڽͷβ
ٻƣûľ㣬һͿСˣæȥӡ
үʢ壬Ķɶô
⣬ȥ
ǻȥ𣿡
߰߰Ҳңʱ䡣
ϳ㡣ϳ
ҲСָԼ￪
߻ӺԶͷָһǰһˣö඼С¥ԶҲܿ塣
·Ҳˣʱʱд· 
֮ԱȾ͸ԣһ˼ҶС¥һ뻹ǰķӣеĸǳת߷
Ǽ岮զǰķӣ
ʱ˵ˣаǳ˥˵ǮжãұȽ֧磬Ҿ˸˵ˡ
ҲǣҳǮƹˡ
£꿪ְһƬʮģҲŰˣǮ϶ûˡ
ˣˣ쵹ȥŸϱ˵ۿ뵽ղǸԼء
Ȼⲻ𣬴ſţԼԺɻء
ĸС͸ſڹϼأǴСͻ³ˣ
СֵͣԼſڡ
ĸզˣɻģ

϶ӣ㲻ŵ̵ĹԱŶû
ĸӹӻŮףСŮĺˣĸ

׼׼ĸ׼ݣʢϸҲݡ
׼ĸ߶ˣ
׼˵ĵĻĸӭŴ˺ӽݣͷӴ绰˻




116. []  116    

֪˹, Ҳ֪ǷݹΣԣȻϧҲͬ
ĸк油һæ
кԼϱȥ, ҲҪţȻɴ͸Сһǣм䡣
ϱһĺȥ, һζѾˡ
ߵ, վڽʯ, ӣȻѹŮ
ְ֣ڸʲôѽ
ڷС簡
ʱ仯ܴǰһ޼ʵĴ, ڶȦ泡
С壡СؼҳԷˣѾ·ϾͿСһұ㺰  
ŰȻСԹĿԼŮԼϱ磬⼸ﺢӡ
ҴǶңһ磬Ÿɻ
СҲҪүү׽ȻҲҡ
ǰҹǶ˯£ϱĵľͻ˼ҡ
⼸꼴ʹû, ԼҲһֱʰţԺĻ̳Ų, ŪҲܺ 
ĺܸɾҲһȾ, ζ, һϴɹġ
ķӣǵСңԼϱûϵĵ˯
Ժϱ, һ·ϱûô˯ã§ϱ˯¡
ûְѾϰˣʹЩʧ䣬ûһ㱻үүһϺĻֳɢˡ
Լϱֻèһһ˯ˡ
㻯Ϊǣûô棬ϱĻܣ⹤һϱߵʱʱ̶ְ̿
ڶϣϢ˶ˣ˷֮ӽˡ
һϢҲˣ˰һ£˷·صСʱ򣬷·صĹŵӡ
ְµʱ򱻽˻ȥһȥĻа꣬ΰȥûͻˣҪٴȷϡ
ȻźӾǳԳԳ档
ѵӵǣ˶ñǲ纣ǹġ
ʹڲᣬһҲҪȥҪѧҪ
£ȻһͬҵԭͿԱҵûôУ԰μӹɴһѧУ 
ȻѧУʦ˾ÿ춼ҰȻ
ȻĽڣʲôˣ̥ܲס籩ϲڣȵһϵнڡ
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