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½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ


İ
һԽʮЩӦ༢ĻصҪԲϲ˵ľ
ǸտأǵزҲԸίԼȥֻǸǸ֪Ĳˡ
֪೤ĺÿȳϸپ³ڣǷִҲûƯˣ֪ƺеĮκ˶֮ǧ̲аƤʹߴգĸİĽߣŬҲûøɫһӻҺֻûˣŷصͶ񣬾׷Ϊһ˸ɲ
̴ʱ֮ͻȻԾˣģ
𾪵ǣƯ֪ྐྵȻһеǣƻŮŮ䡣


1.  һ         ʯŹ磬

ʯŹ磬ӡ

ģһֱͣ£ڵž졣

ǱѵģԺۣӳһƬʻ谵ȻİϢĻ̲סһ£漴֪ԼһżӲĴϣĴһ𽥱ܸоµĴ岢ƽ·ֻһ㱡ԵʮˣҲܳʪ°ʹıӴùĹζ
һʱЩ±ƣ̫ѨʹѣҲʶ˼̴֣ӱг̧֣ǣǵ¶еߣǷˣ̲סܵ߳

ԱߵŮӦˣСһ䣬ˣ

̶һ٣ŷԱ߻ˣŤͷȥһݵӣܺڣЩֻģԷݰͰ͵ŮŹеĿ⡣

ûӦΪŮ˵һֵĿȻ⻰ˡ
ĴԽԽŹ֣̫ѨĴʹҲøԡ

ŮҲû̵̬ȣΪǸ廹ЩµĴӴᣬŤͷС̵ӦöˣҲǸճ극ıڹȥ˹
´ĶȻ˺ܶ࣬廹Ƿ֨ѽŻλƵģǲȡ

Ҳʱһߵ˴ȵķ˸ﲻͷһ䣬ˡ

͵һüûע⵽ﻹˡ

Ů˵ϰһһº󣬼´ȻЬӳȥ

ð۾ٴοԱߣŮ˳ȥûţܹ࣬ŷԭһСưܵӣǽǻͺģʲôûУֻмŴſţǹװ˯Ŀʵ˵ǴҲ׼ȷǼľһõıӡ

Ŵ棬ǽڣǽñֽһȦ滹һɫʣֻµż￴ǻСʱ£ǰɫɴҲˡ

ԽԽͿͷҲԽԽʹ޷ע˼
ﵽʲôط˵ӦҰʧѺȶˣҲҽԺôôֵֹĵط
ëԼǲǱˡ

̻ûüϸ룬Ů˺ܿͻˣ󻹸żˣİףȴĪúϤ
Ů˽ݸҲ˼ţӴӹһֻһϡøˮһ࣬ƮżҶӣ뻹ȱڣŲǺܸɾ

Ķˣ࣬ҲûкȥŮɫȻβСϿˣһûԷˣ꣬ôȥҪġ

̰еĹ죬Ůһۣû˵ʲôԹԵͷСںࡣ

ˣƺע⵽̶ԥû˵ʲôֻ˾ͺãʡûҪȥҽƵһˡ
Ϣһ°ɣ꣬Ҳûʲô¡

ֻһվ̵ɫЩѿھƵ̣ܲܲҪô˽ôҶۣҰҪϹϻҪ㣬ǲΪԼǳС㣿

ҳˣҲǷʲô˽쿴ǵ۹ⶼˣΪ㣬Ϊ˽ΪĲ£Ϊˣ㵣𣿡

ΪõǴҶҪ˳㣬£ܻܲسǶһأǴҶһġ

Խ˵Խ󣬳ͷʹˣһܿͺˣ̽ݸԱߵŮˣŮ˽ӹȥ˻˵ƢȰ䣬ˣҶû£˵䡣

ƺˣһ˲θߣ˵䣬˵òҲǹ

̸о˾һֻľͻͻԿǣ۵ķպȥ඼ЩθҪʱҲû˺Ƣֱӳ˲һ䣬˭ˣ˵˵˾͸ҳȥ

ֱһɣȥ֮ǰв
ҲСڰķź
Ȼ󱳹ţҲʲôӦ³űӸסʹԴֱӲˡ

ǰһĪģķ

ٶһ㶣ûӦ̵˵Ļ
Ͼ̶˭̬ȲҲ

¶ŵɫӦתΪΣǰôѵ˵ʱ̶ϴóܶöξȻӡ
Ŵϱˣɫһһģŭ嶪һ䣬Ҳˡ

ˣҲ۴ϵҲųȥˡ

Աߴϲװ˯ģ˯ģû˵ĻֻЦ
Ҳûˣȵ°̲Ƶ÷ŵƿӣۿưܵǽڣ˲Щ侲Ҳƺ̫Ծˡ
һ飬̫׵ô£ͷ۶۵ķۣƺһЩֵļ䣬ţ̱˳صƤ



Ҳ֪˯˶ãٴ滹̴꣬βԶСһӣִ֣ǺƱֽǳ￪ģ±ֽʪ
̷㶿Ŵ죬춼ûѹԱߴϵŮҲڣڴϷ첹·û߶

Ů˿ѹΣŴⷢΪû˯ѣס˿ڣ漴뵽ʲôֵ̫ˣ˵϶ȥˣǾûȥû㣬˵㺦˾֪Լˣ˵Ѿ·ˡ
˵ԥ£˶٣Ųһ䣬ֻ¥˹׻ɽ㡣

ã⻰бҪ˵һǵ˭
ȻҲһ˼
Ͼˣȷʵʲô䡣

ԭڷ⻰һģ˯һԼԺܶ಻ļ䣬ҲʶԼǴԽˡ
ǵģԽ
Խ1975꣬ΪһͬͬյŮ֪ࡰ̡

ԭҪС꣬17ȥģǸĸǷ֯ԱŮԭи磬ϧСʱûˣӣԴСͺܳ裬Ҳ˽Եӡ
ԭĳԵЩҲûʲôϾĸĸһϸˡֻϧãȥ׹£̰۰Ȼûʲôʡ쵼¹ѻ׾Ǳյһѣ׾ǺܺãŴαˡ

ԭ۱ŮĽ£ŹʱѰŻὫ˽ӻȥףسǿɾûôˣһϾϵڣ˲ûȥְλӸ˺ְ
ڸĸ۰Ȼ£ԭҲûгԹ̫Ŀͷÿ¸ĸĹǮƱӣԺúȺõģ֪࣬ǹŴСˡ

ڻ˼˸ѡ

ǽ˵Ǹ֪࣬˼״ǵġ
ϲڳһүģƫƫƽʱźŶŮѵġ

ҲΪԭܣһ֮˳ȥ·ɽҹûҲģǱ˽ԭ˻
Ȼһҹա

Ҳ˵ԭûԭʲôöǸȵǰҲضãҲ֪ԭϲʲô

뵽ѣƵѪֻ˺˼ƣôͻȻԽˡ

Ů˸հ·첹ãʹ࣬ûˡ

ˡ
Ů˽߷ŽȻһﴩϸշ첹õ·һ˴
Ьӵʱ̧ͷԻڴϵ̵˯һɣȥӳ١

̴Ӵ⻰űӹԹԵ˵ͷ
˳ȥ룬˵ıӰ࣬лл㡣

ԭƢã֪˶ദҲŮ֪˺ãԸ

ƺЩ⣬ʶعͷһۣȻЦЦˣʲôлģҶͬ־Ӧõġ
˵˾ˡ




2.  ڶ         һ̡

һ̾氲
ӦĵԵʣ廹ЩҲǿȥ

һʱҲ˯ţ˼أŽô죿
˰ҲûͷҪܴȥã͵һرμǣҪǴȥ

һ⣬˲˰أԺܴ󡣵ҲʲôˣвԸҲűӿʼƻδ·1975꣬ԭܲҵὫŻسʱ̫ϣ
ָ֪߿ʱ䡣꣬㹻ϰ׼ˡ

ЩڳԶļƻǰҪĻȰԭǸѪ˦Ȼ֪ùϵԹ´ꡣ

Ҳԭã˺ˣҪǸС¥˹ס֪Ҳûˣ½ô治˵
ɲǿЦ£Ͼ棬һѾǶһ

ţҲû˯⣬̫ˣͺһˮʵЩ̣Ӵ

̽ԭӴӴ˳Ǵ͵ģ͹ƽΪԵʣ滹Ƚʪϳһۡ
ԿԭǰţΪм䣬ԺĴӡ

Ķֻ࣬мͰ͵·һЩƷһֻӣŵǮƱӣóǺܶ࣬µѾԭĲˣЩԭɵҪǸǸ󡱵֪һ룬ǮƱӻࡣ
ǮƱӣҵ˳ԵģֽţǼֺһСǡ

ʶ֣Ҳʶⶫϲųԣڼ￴Ҳһۡ
ʵǶˣʿˮֱóһŽ
ƺЩžˣЩڸвǺܺãȴ̲סһһڡ

΢ЩӣҲ׼شˣ֪ûˣŪˮϴ衣
Ҳ֪ǲ꣬Ƿճ˺ܡ
̷һɾ·Ȼ·Żشס

ȥ˳˵ǳʵǸªԺ棬֪Ǹ䣬ȻľΧǿڷ絲ꡣ
֪СͰĻéݷţŮ֪סĵطͿұ߱ͨˣ֪סӡܼªֻڷһӺʣӻбġ

Ȼ׼ӷĳ嶯
ôĻôȥ˵ˡ

ôţ۾ˡ

ڿվ֮ã̧첲Ĩһᣬӣľȥ˳

꣬û취ߣֻܴ֪෿侭֪෿䰤ųƽʱʱǴǷ侭ġ
ƽƿţ澭ʱ̲סɨһȦһ۾ûмˣǸλɾģĴһţеĻɢһɹζ

֪ķͳһŰţֱƿˣҲûʲôֻһڴһЩ;ߣʽ̨Ա߶Ÿ߸ߵĲ⡣

̨̼żУ赱ǴΨһһϴѧˣǴСũĶˣ޸֣ǳʦرȫˡ

̨Ҳãż﷭µʱֻ˽̨ţһ飬ˢƯƯǰã˵òķ˲㡣
û뵽һȻҪлżҵ̨һϹ

ѾϴɾˣڹҨˮȻ̨תһȦԱиСŻӣó滹ּдš˰źۼ

̲ûǯ˰Ҳû룬Ǹɵķ֣ģҲżÿ⹫ҪȥɽϰüץһѷŽȻһСŽȥ

СһˣȻˣϽ˼ľȥȻ⹫Ūȴûʲô飬ֻһ֪Ҫ
ҲãֱŻѲˣеҲ֪ǲľˡ

һˮȵʱе㳤аСʱ̸оԼ̨ͦõġ

ˮں͸Ͻˮط䣬ԭ裬һСһϴ裬и΢ϴ裬ϴʱ򻹱ԭϴš
ˣˮִһˮȥң̨»л˼ưˮŵȻϴͷ

ϴܿģǺܺãҲûԡ¶ʲôģԭǰˮϴżϴ·ķһӣ⻹ԭǮƱӣõ֪඼ǡ
Ҳ˲ˣȻϷζǺܺãܸоˮϴɾͽëʹ£һݺϲ
ֽˮ˼飬Ա߱õˮϳһ¡

һ߳һߺ۾ûһϴ˵ôѡ

ôţ̻ǸϽɾϸɾ·ˮҲûˣ·ţϴͷȥϴͷ

ϴͷ򵥶ˣˮѾˣҺˮֱӴѾС
ϴͷǰԼһˮţ׼ֻһģƺʲôֶһ룬ʣµóֽд¸мĻһˮͺַ֪෿Ĵϣ˿⽫˴һš

ϴͷȥſϴ·꣬ſͰˮõģҲʡһ˺ӱˡ
ԭʱƺ磬׼·ϴ˳ѷˣúñһ£û뵽Ű·һ飬˻ˡ

صĽŲʶ̧ͷȥɫ뵣˴ҲûдɡֱĻУʪ·Ƚϱ壬Լ¶޳Ρ

ԽԽԭ̻׼¶һƵЦݸ˴к֪ڿ˵ӺֱԭأҲӦ
һסᵹ˿

˴ʪڷ޽ǣǰ鷢ƺе㳤ס۾¶һ˫µüۡüܺÿŨɨüǣӳŵ˫һƽ·ɽбʴ߲ľ

ƤףˮʪӣմȾһ㵭⡣
ԵʣĴɫƫɫ֦ͷһַۣص£һֱߣͬ໨Ϲյ

һڣ˼ڣ촽ڷü续
·ںͿϻӡۣ̲ΪǴ߳ġ

þˡ

ʵϤӰѾϳ˭ˣԺж֪ӡģӡģ·ŰǸһ㣬

ڿ֮ǰҲ֪¥˹׵֪೤úÿ˺󣬲֪ÿжÿ

پ£˲뵽ɽϵİѩǹߵ¡
ִ

΢΢죬ֱӿ˹ȥ϶ҲʶͣԭҪ˵ĻһҲ벻

˴߾ʱƳһۣȻֱƹˡ
Ųһ¶ûУ·ʶ

ֱ˲ˣ̻ŤͷһȻ˻Դʹ·ϴ
˼ºٴͣ£̧죬¶ŵɫ˳Ҳ̫ÿ˰ȣ

ô󣬻ûôÿˡ
ʲôﰡ




3.           

ʶ


ʶŶͻȻԼˮ͵̫ˣǺֻʣģҲ֪˼һ᲻š
ϾǾ֮

뵽Ҳûʲô˼ϴ·ˣϴ¾裬ص·ʱ۾֪סķ俴¡
űˡ

꣬·ͱһһֱ·̽Լϴ·ŮǸϣʵʱŮ·𲻴󣬶ǺڵĻҵģǿ΢۵ɫɫҲֻϴ÷׵ġ

·Żط䣬û¿ɸɣڴϷȻʱʱ̧ͷ죬ɫǰһЩҲûֱ֪ʲôʱ䡣ʵԭֱģ֮ǰԭĸ׸˿ֱʿģˤˣȻˣ֮Ҳû

뵽̲סҡͷǳԭôǸһȻ󳤵ò󣬵֪иÿĴڰ
ֱ˼

һЩס룬̻ȥ˳֪෿űˣŴɡ߹ȥѴɡԭ׻е﷢ģܺãüҪԭû
ϾԭҲûɵң֪Լ͵ˡ

ᳵ·˳֪෿ľҲ˶ˣԼﴫˮ̲µʲô̲סһ졣

ɡŵſڿţʽĴɡʱᷢ顱һ죬Ҳ֪ǲ̫ˣ̷ָڷͻȻĬ˼룬һ´ˮεˮСܶ࣬ѹ͡

һ壬ԼǸ˻¡
̧˰ת̨ȥһתĹ򣬾ͿϷŵһˮͺ֣ûԭⲻŻˡ

̲סһ㶡

һȻɫȻߵ̨ϣѾ˵ĺˮˣְѺֲ𿪳ԣֽӵյ
ﻹòǰõʱ˺ܶȥһֱŪ˹ϴͷڹˮ˻ˮ

ϳԵȲ˺ͻƹϣѾϴɾˣͷڳ֪㱻ֵеԶһ㶼ǰ¹ȥԵĲժã

˵ûʲôѣϾ־ǳʦСˣʱֲڼһķϾֻ

ֻãԶٺõģҲûʳġ
ôţѾڹﵹһͣͼȵʱȲ˹һˮȻжΡ
߲˺ֻҪͳ£ȻӰˮһˣʱҲʲô

ڶ˵ʱ¥˹ϴˣһˮûϴ·ˮ˺ȥˡ
ٴγʱʲôû˵ֱ°æ

϶һ٣룬Եµ˵ﲻðæģһ˿ԣϽȥͷϴһ£겻ϴˮҶѾˣſ裬ղˮûطš

һ٣̧ͷһۡ

̻ûջߣֱӶ˵ӡ

ƤܰףﰵɫĻ棬һ龧Ө͸İ񣬷Ĺ⡣
ֻ΢䣬ڵӿ˵ʱûκ·һ沨ĺ

̻˵ЩʲôʱѾͷȥˣʲôû˵ľȻּ˼
֣ſڵľߡ

̿ıӰգգۣ̫ʲô˼

ֹһûٹˣֱŵ˲Ŷſ
ͷʪģںڵķһˮ
Ļȥϴͷֻûڳߡ

ľԱߵϣ¿̣ǾûõԼĵط˶٣ֱתˡ
һֶû

죬㡭
һڶû뿪ıӰѡԹԱϡ

ùҪעһ㣬ˮ˺ҪѶҨǲ֪ģеֱ࣬Ũܶࡣ
ʳԣÿٷﶼһгɿ飬׷һȽϱӡ

ڵʱ֪½½ˣǱͶĵطһԲһģһſϴϵͣۼԵʣû˵

һŮ֪һģ˻ﱧŲˣʳġ
֪̽Ѿˣ¶Цллˡ
ԭӦֵġ

ҡҡͷ䣬תһ룬ڵĻͱˣӦõģҲչˣֲʲôûĵˡ

Цݼſڴ͵Ů֪ˣֱЦ
Ȼʲôû˵Ц֮ԡ

ŤͷһۣŮ֪״Ҳ̧ɫš

֪Ǻԭ磬ԭ֮ǰ׷ľĸǹԱȲԭԭ˺ת˷򣬵ºһԭ˳ۡ

ʱ˳ͻԭҹϵãû˻׳Կ

ҲϽȥߣȥϴˡ

̲֣ǸкƺŹ

֪Էܹƽɶӳַһһ룬ҲֵΪùֶù٣֪ķһ㶼һӣ̵ķ١
ԭ٣ù͡

պˮ˲ٺ֣ӵǺܶ

Էʱ򣬴ҶΧڿǰΪ꣬Ҷƽʱ˶ȥԺԣһʱ滹й谵᲻õơ

ųһڣǸкŮ֪üͷһŵǷ˶ٵͰ
Ȼ֪ʵ˭ķͲҪǮ𣿡
ġ

һ㶣ʶ̧ۿˡ
Щ飬ȷǲķŶˡ

ԱͣеĿӣͷ˵̶Ȳˣһ߸ϵĽѵ˿ǣ̣ҸղźģҾ˵ĲôŲԣҸ㽲˷ѵΪǿɳܵģǮǴģûҾãʲôȥ˷һ㣬˷һ㣬ǿһСĿ

üһۣﰵޣ˶˵һʺ±˲֪ķ
ʱû˺ɫ
붼ͳһ䣬Բԡ

һ죬ɫˣʲô̬ȣһ˵˲ɣҲΪ㡢ΪҺãÿô㹤֣ռŴҵıˣڻ˷ѣ֪֪Ϊжɶ񣿡

̲㱻⻰Цˣ˵ռˣռԭٱû
ôţֱ˵˳ⲻǸѧռ£оɡ

۳ܣû¹˭һѧԺı۸֣ùġ

㡭
¶ŵɫû뵽̻˵Ļ

⻰ҲЩ⣬ôû뵽˾ȻҲìܣ۾͵͵ת
²ؼ¥˹ף̲ס̧ͷһۡ

ҧгݣ̣˵һ顣

̸һĿ˵ʮ鶼Ҹ˶Ȩ˵˷ѣûСϻ˵úạֶ̃ҵҵģǰү

⻰˵һ治

ͨ죬˵ˣ㡭ô˵Ļ

ҲʱԱߺͻȻСֹһ䣬ȻǴС㣬ʲô¶ָϣƢ󡣡

ֱ߾ǳ򶫣üһۣϹʲôҡ

̻ˣֱŤͷȻЦˣӶ˺ܶడаɣȻҶռǱˣǴ쿪ʼҵֳȥԺ󲻸һˣõͣһỹǡ

⻰һ˲䰲ŵö˵ˡ
֪ˣĻ˵ó̻󣬵ȹ˺ˣܼռˣԵ̫¡

Ͳˣ˵ղſڿռұˣһﶼ̲ҵʱҲܶ࣬ʱָһԣӲġ

ԣЩӲܿЦһб˵
ˮ£Ͳһܽ
ӵľ֪ôԶ

׵ĳ򶫶ֱڽͣ俴һۣ˵䲻𣿡

ίҧҧöӳƫˡ
ǵȥʲôµģ˼ͻŻ
˾Ͳܸɫ

ûС˼תͷ̣üڣʲôԺú˵ǲûС

ֱվķ࣬ղżھͳˣûó򶫰ѻ˵꣬ɫƽ˵ģϾһֱ۴Ҳܡ

Ҳһʱ嶯ԭȺ֪ĹϵҪܶ࣬ڱ󼷶ʱûһΪ˵仰඼ѡĬӦòľ档

ԶҲԼԺԭúãñ˾ռˣֳȥͨͦõġ
ϵܺг㡣

˵ˡ

밲̲סˣӳ̷ֳȥ
ʵҲԲ˶٣ʳԣԵĲࡣ

򶫻û˵ڽ¥˹ͻȻ˵һ䣬ɫҲˣǮ¸һཻһġ
˵վſ뿪ˡ

˲²͸˼

򶫶ʱ˵

Աߵĺ¥˹׵ıӰɫЩѿ
ȸղҪѿ֡

ԱߵӢûһۣ㣬¾ºˣԺҶԲˡ

ôһ˵һֳȥˡ

Ҳ밡

ˣÿ˶˵䡣

극Ѿȫˣ˶ϴúص䣬ڴϰ˯ţûô˯ġ
£ȻԽԽ´ڵ˶淿ţһǮ




4.           ˱١

˱ٶֵһ㶡

̲ܣʹţţ󣬽ҵĶҪһϡ

ǳ򶫽Ŵˣֱ̺ײݣú͵ƣ֪Ƕû˯ڴϲ·鿴û뵽ʱŮ֪űӰסԼڽ

ֱ̾Ĵ̣߹ȥһƿıӣʲôûУתȥ׵ӡ
ϵ󿴼ˣ㷢ʲô裿

û˳֮ǰѾ׼ҲҪԿףֱóϵļϼõӣһȽϾɣŲǺܽʵۿҪסĿ׼ˣʱס˴Ӵ̣ҪʲôҾ㣬ס֣

˵Żʱ˳̳˹ȥͼ

̿ɴཫеļתǰһ£б¾
˿壬һҪƵӡ

һæ㡭㡭ˡ

˼״Ҳһлú˵лú˵

վںɫһ䣬ͷð̣嶯ܹ鳳ܣˡ

ƺ߶淿Ů֪Ҳŷ֣ʲôˣ

̣¼

˯ڴ̵佨²ԼűԱ¥˹״Ųȥ·ûɣϴû·ľ·׼Ŵ
յ¥˹ߣͷ˿ûбŵӣ̲ס˵첲ѹ˷ܵ쿴ˡ

¥˹ͷҲû̧ޱһ䣬ֺˡ

佨ҭˣ˵һ룬¥˹˵ĺе˼黫ʱֵףһͺˡ
̲סпҡҡͷһҵôû뵽׷أ
ôǮ⼸ռ˶ٱˣ˸һҡ

ؼ̳ûƯС۵ģ仨Ƶģ֪¥˹ףÿҲӲϲӲôʵûʲôȱ㡣

˵Ͻס죬ˣ¥˹׺˹ϵôá
¥˹˺һֱ޵̶¥˹Ҳûʲôɫ

佨С꣬Ա¥˹̲סŤͷһ̧ۣͷʱǡÿ˲ԶŵŮˣŮվڴ£һأһ㶼ˣСȰȸͣ˶ðС硣

¥˹һ£ȻĿƽƿߣ·ʲôûһۣͷ顣
佨˵Ĳ̫ԣͦ׺ġ

̲´ֻҪһͽеļǰ۾֡
ŵҶԼˣϾǸûʲôӵˣֻԼϿ
ӵҽãϰ컹ҪϹɲԼˡ

̽Ӵ򿪣·һӵ˴ȥҵӵصǮƱӣ붼Լڴ

󿴼˺ۣҪʲôҵġ

ģ
ֱ˻ȥҪƱӡĶϼ֡

ʲôе֣ݸҵģҷ¡

ЦһĺҸ㣬ͻȥسǾֱ͵ԣҸĸƱǮм¼ģΪҲ֪㽫ЩǮĻϼˣȾҵңʲô³Ҫεס
͵ôĶǰ֪ͬһķûƽϣһδ̫ڣҪ˺

һŵĿ̣ôߵڰף̣ǿˣ㵱ҵġ

̷˸۲ϣҸģ˭ˣ
ҲҪҸɿĽڣԼԲ㣿ȥ˵ɡ

˵꣬˧һ˦ͷӱӵϣֱתˡ
ˮ

㡭վס̣ѻ˵

ô̶ûͣ½Ų

ıӰɫһһףҲ֪ǱĻǱŵġ
Ťͷ򶫣ôӳͲܹܣ

ܹʲô
ǿˣܶԸģҲֻˣѹֵܿۡ

ʲôû˵ĵĽڵϵӼ

˾͸ˣǿ˶ʲôö
û˴󣬡Ͻ˯ɣ컹Ҫ𡣡

˯˯ɣһˡ

ڴҧгݡ

佨ԼĴϣ֮ǰһпŮ˶ĸϻ

¥˹Ķһ٣죬Ȼַ·ʲôûͷ¡
Ҳȥ

Ůﻹû˯¡
̽ǮȫżȻֻ֪мҲıѧ˿

ڴϣһʱЩ˷ܵ˯ţȻûûضǮǺȾԲ٣ǰԭϿӵǮƱûȫͻؼңһַԼϡ
Ҳǣ˿ҲǶТ˳ˣÿ¼ǮϼӦҲΪջسǡ

ЩˣܴûһǮƱӣѾǳԤˡڱʲôģҲֻŻŻҪôˣȻԸһѵôͲ֪ˣ֪˸С͵ȥҲ
̻Ǿøˣȥسǣöһ£ôһ룬ֳȥҲʲôˣԹĳԶʳ

ڴϷԱߴϵҲû˯̲סչСһ䣬̣Ҫˣ
˵ʵڻһûзӦϾƽʱжĻǿڴģôû뵽̻ôӲʱ

־ͷУԭ˵ģ漴뵽ʲôҧҧȻͬѹǰɽϵôöûӰľȻƽʱϤ¥֪࣬ҪûҵҾˣǸûң¥֪࣬Ķһ
˵Щ߷߲ƽҵϹʲôۣȻ¥֪һָͷȲϡ

⻰ͬģǰ¥˹ƽĬԵģĺá

е֣ģæˣٴѹѽ¥֪û˵ԺһҪúñ̫͵ˣǰһΪƲˣԶǲӦá

ЦˣҲ㣬Ǽһ֪ôһֱ¥˹ײ˳ۣǰ˵ǰ˵¥˹ײˡ
˵ﻰһ٣ͻȻҪǹֺͺˣԼⷬ˵Щ䣬ڨڨһЦϽתƻ¥˹׾ӣԺ֪ˣûƲˡ

Ȼû˵̻꣬˼һ룬ģǰȷʵԭ¥˹ײõĻԭ¥˹ûʲôһֱ¥˹׿żεĽҲǰ¥˹׶Ÿɣû˼ҡ


ǣôĶĶǸʺ

ѹֽ¥˹׾ܾĺˮͺ֣һеԭġ

һˣҲѡȥȣȫΪ¥˹ĵ

ţ̲סжôܳô˧ã




5.            ڶ̺硭

ڶ̺ˣϰ԰ҹͻȻ˯˻Щϰߣûˡ

֪ҲˣðỤ̋ӢԺӹսιѧũͰˮ
һŨũϢ

ĪЩͻȻʶԼĴԽˣһȫİĻС
Щڶ¥˹ʱͻȻ־ÿˡ

ƺ˯ѣϴͷЩңǰ鷢źܹԣΪڵϣһ̧ͷܿ˫Ưĵ΢΢ţ·𻹴⡣
Ĵɫ쿴Ҫ󼸷֣ԵƤס

ûˣܻԵʣɫɵġ
ǽϴϴܼ򵥣һɾˮˮˢʣµˮϴˢĹҲܼªõĶ֦ˢʲôûռ߹ûġ

ף֦ﵷţ¥˹׹۾Ҫкͼֱƹȥ˳ϴ衣
࿴һۡ

еǹġ

Ա߶࣬Ҳ磬һĻսСӣϡ

ҡҡͷû£֪ġ
ô˧Ҳ

׼ŤȥҲˣûƿ߾
¥˹һﱧŸľ裬ʱ᲻صһ

ˣôˡ
ûֱӽŤȥú׶

Ѿ򶫴ˣֳȥˮãÿˮľͰʹȨ͹ΪֻһԵʣ˻ãͲ󷽱ˣʱ䳤ȥͺ˷ʱ䣬۹պһÿηһ
ز԰ʲôģӽԺ󶼻ֳһСֻ̣ǡ

ûʲô⣬˫ͬˡ
ˮ˵ȷʵǸ⣬Ͼˮ֪ͦԶģľͰأ˵ˮˣѧũˮ͵͵һ˵ԼÿԼͰˮÿܸٺóԵġ
ѧũ붼ʹӦˣǶһˮе

һǲ񣬲Ҳð죬׼͵͵˽֪ĸɲֲִգǾұ˺ǱȽϺá

ȻҪ繤Ͼʱˣпϸϸһ

ûҶˣȻֳȥҪֵţȥسǣܲһڹʱ򶼲øǹһˣʡġ

ôģҲôġ

ϴûãӳ˳ʹˣϿնŸӳ⻹̵һξ¡
˵ϰΪӳĺģҲϴˣֱӴ·ߣͷҲܣһһߴǷ

ǣ״̬õģ̧ͦͷȣ·ߵݲʱ۾ġ
û취˯̫ˣû˯ôľˣǰΪ˸߿ҹⲹΣϴѧϲҹֻϷ
ͻȻ֣˯治

̸Ⱥӿȥһô¼ϡ
˶˺ǸŶӳںţʲôͶ١ʲô뾳ʵֻҪǵͶȻǷ繤

ںŵʱ¥˹׾վԱҲ̣˳庰ļҲ֪ǲΪ˳ͻȻŤͷԱ¥˹˵һ䣬빴˭أ
СΪҶںںû

̰ޣʱҲʰһԼû̫ͽ¶ѩϸĸ첲ɫĹӱѹûúɫķϵסСϸϸġ
ͷץͷɢɢ֣Ȼֺÿ
վں棬ܿһ޳Ĳӡ

ֲվ棬·˵ߡ
붼룬첲ݺһ

顣

ӵ˲٣ӿھôĵطΪӳҶվıȽϽȽϼһ֪վ󣬻˵ȻҪһѵ
ĸ첲ײ˵ؿڣƺһ

ƺŲԡ

ʶعͷһȻֱӶһſµա
Ҳ΢ڵͫﵹӳݣĴ㵻ûüȫʧ

һ㶣֪ԼʲôЩ飬ҡ

Ҫ䣬˾Ѿջˣ˵ľ룬ͷͷǰ鷢ס۾Ҳסɫ
ľٶ·ûнղŷϣַ·йǣ

Ա̴ˣֱӵЦ

ˣݺݰһۡ
Ťͷٴ⹷

Ҳ֪ǲĴо¥˹ƺ̫ϲ

ƣСɼܲõģԵԶǰģǵһ

繤̱䵽ǰ磬·ݣո絾ʱ򣬰ɻֻҪˣҪʲô
ӣҲ࣬ӵҶӺ׻ˣһעϸ첲Ͼһۣʹ

Ҳһ㲻ãȣﶼˮЩˡ
׼ĳ֣˱˵۹⴩ӣȻ󽫿ڽ

æһ磬ʮһ¹ߵʱָӳ١
ӵĶӳǸʮںӣ٣ɫЩһѾˡ

̺Ƥûתȥӱ߽ϵϴɾص֪ʱ˶ѾˣģϹ֮ǰڹź׺ˮȻҲͺˣֱӳԣʡ鷳

̻һԷٶȶ͵͵һۡ

˵ԣû׸ǡ
Ҳּҵĵһ͡

ƺЩ˼һ䣬̣ҪҪҲһ㣿ﻹС

̻û˵ͼӳӲʲôѽ˼ҿƲԵġ

ˣĮõĻӦ
̴¥˹ѧġ

̷·ûһֱӽݣţ»һ·ȻûǮƱȫڴ
ӷڳԷ۾޵Ŀ̣ԭǲģߵſʱŲһ٣û̲סŤͷȻһ䣬ȥسԣ֪ҪҪһ𰡣

¥˹ףлǳ˼֡

˵껹ЦԺüŪ¡
ģȴ

ڳԷ֪ˣͻȻ಻ˡ

ֻµѧһǵý̸Ľף˵ֻҪÿˮÿܾͻٺóԵġ
ڴѡ




6.           ûֱȥء

ûֱȥسǣȹȥ˴ӳңӳڹҽƵǱߣӲԶڹ˵ŹȥȻ˴ӳҵĶ˸г
Ǿ

ƱǮأߣе˼ͳһǮǮҲûãûƱҲʲô

̻ãٸƱ̾ú˵ģĺƱһֳһ˴ӳңʣµ׼ԡ
Ҳ֪ô£һ죬ͻȻԺˣǰڼͶĲϲԡ

ŤŤֱָصĴггƽʱ;ɨﳵֳɱЯô󣬲ȵµʱȱֱˣһãгӴ˳˺ͷٶȺܿ졣
Ҳõķײ·Ȼ·һ˶ûУôıߡ

ﳵȲҪܶ࣬ӵسǣֻ˰СʱӪʱ򣬹ӪмǽϹӱʾʮʮͦġ
ȻسǣȻҪȳԶٺõģҪһӣײڵġʱ˲ܶ࣬û̵ȶôͽкˣһӣġ

Ҫûֻ̾ҪȦصͼƬ
Ҳ֪ǲ̫ˣʳȾ̾ԹһӣĶûóԡ

ӣҲкܶණҪ򣬸Ͻųȥ˹磬ͼƻõĵӣ龫ӹͷ㡢ۡϡѩࡢһСȻȥ⡢ŹԼһЩˮ
˳ҪһЩԵĺúһԼθ

궫̾ﳵȥˣȽ͵ӳңȻŶص֪㡣
֪ûˣҶϹûҲ̴չ֡

ЩŵЩֱȥ˳ȣҪ±һ²ܱþá
ϳǴŹǺӣԽӣ±󳦣ҪˣҪ⡣
ôһ룬һϽ

ʵѣʱȽϳϴõʹнһгĭȻһʳκǣûɰǣֱӼһ棬ŷŸֵϣ͡ס͵ȵȡʵһ׾ƱȽϺõģȥζϡȱƱûУԭĸûԭҪƱ
˻ˮһʱ䣬ˮҲȥȣǸѧģмǰˣٷֵϼӽȥ˳һ裬һʱ󣬷ŵһš

ȻʼۣеСۣݴۡĸǣټˮÿӽ裬״ʱſʼֱ࣬еɱ⻬һţһ뵹ţȷһʱ䡣

ʱ䣬ȥǴŹǣŹǾͺˡϴɾŹǶ飬Ȼнˮ̫ʱ䣬ˮ˺һˣȥȥζ
ٹе͡ǡƬɫŨ͹кܿͻΪǽȫڻͽŹǵȥŸָζϺˮˮҪûŹǡ

ʱպÿ԰ӣ߶

Ӷ˵ɻǰڼʱ򣬶ֵϣ棬ֺֿÿ
֪ûߦȣ̸ɴѹȾһСȻԲѹ⡣

ѹһһõķϣһʮһԼģ¥˹׵ģһһѧũһ

¥˹׿϶ҪģǶӳҪֺһ㣬˲ҪùϵѧũˮҲôùϵˣŲء
ԭÿ⣬ɵ˷ԩͷ˵û˼ĺá
붼ˡ

ǴŹú̾ͽӷڹûˮżӣȻ棬Ӿͷڵ
Ǽµļǡ

ǴŹǵʱˮѾ˺üΣ̵һֻľͰ
Ҫһʱ䣬̸ɴҺˮطϴ裬æһ죬Ҳһ
ǴŹҲ˻ȥ˷䣬ϴһ˻ˣŹ͵ˡ
ûô١

۵ЩҲûطˣ·ȫó÷ڴϣװԵġ
ĲأŲƷ

̽ϴܿ죬רϴ˴͸ϽӣϴӶûãһѲʣµһͰˮȥſϴ·
Ͱˮպùһʹã಻١

ϴ·󣬰Ҳˣʮһڵİִӣ˱ǣžͺóԡ
Ϊеˣ԰ԽͶˣȻǼ϶ġ

ó̸Ͻʰɾˣڳȷ磬ɢζ
ſʼ֣ǴŹǷֳһСǴӦѧũģһӣ˵İӣ׼Ҹ͵͵ĿŵĸЩĨӡ
ֻóԼԣĶս

ۿ˶û̸ϽӺһǴŹǳ꣬Ҳ֪ǲǳԶʳԵʣζǳ
꽫ϴɾŴʹ˼¡

˻ŵζˡ

æһ磬ǵôܹܱһӾرǶԳԵġ
ȣһԺӻŵζһ۾̹⡣
㰡

⣡

ŰĶӳ򶫣̲סʿˮ˵ˡ
ζȥֻǽһɸɾģʲôûУֻǹɻûɢζеıģųӺʲôö
ģ붼֪ܺóԡ
һûˡ

ôЩУҲֻ¥˹ƽĽԺɹɵ·ջȥȻȥʣµˮߣϴ衣

˰ɾϲĶǺʵȣҲȫϴˮ裬佨¥˹׵ҪˣǮûС
û꣬¥˹ϴ裬Ż·ȥɽˮϴһϴ·պøϳԷ
ϲͷϵ꣬ϲš

¥˹׳ȥʱ򣬺һĻ佨佨Ƚϴˮ裬ɽƫƧһû˹ɾ·ͷһ˦¥˹Աߡ

˳ԺӺ佨ͻȻսѹ֪ҸղſʲôѧǸСӾȻ͵͵һܳȥԣһӣҶƼˣ̸ġ
˵¶ɫǳС˵ȥһ飬üһζֱˣӻûԹôóԵ⣬Ҳ֪ôģģ̵ģֻҪһҶҪˮ

¥˹΢΢һ㶣Ҳֻû佨ֵôš
ϾûԹʲô̵ģС̵ҲûԹء
佨߶߶ݣֻһ

佨ҲõʲôӦﲻƽ⣬ѧũСֻһ飬̿Ǹһء
뵽ˬĴ˰ôûôõôҸˮӱѧũǼһﲻʵˣ
Ĳᣬѧũ⡣

ıԹ¥˹ɫƽ

֪Էʱûгȥһеڴϣﻹȷ硣
һȺΧӳԷֻˣɫЩÿôû⣿




7.           ڴϵһ

ڴϵһ֪⻰˵ġ
΢̧ͷſڿȥͼΧӲ˵Ƕȿǡֱܿ׳ס

ﲻЦǰԭȥسǶܶóԵģЩˣʲôÿζóʹһûΪԭͲˡ
ƺû뷨

ԼôóԵģʵǺˣֺǲֳȥ

˵ģΪбԼһ˷ֳȥ˵ֲᡢ粻ĴСˣݾ͸ˣΪɻ
Ҳסһ㣬ܴϿӲٶʵʵĲģʵ̼ãӹһСĳëҶԸˡ

̿ɲԭӣвϲ±˵Сÿζò󷽷ķ
ӴֱЦ⻹򵥣Լȥس򰡡

ɫЩÿ̧ݺݵһۣû뵽̾ȻҪǷֿɤһ䣬ǣǰǻȥأô꣬ţ´οǻ᲻ôġ

⻰˵Ҳģ̲Ųţǣ֪˭ôĶһλûУ֪ռˣ˵ĺҵҵһС

ûʲô˵ģ̶ý
ſڷ׼ǳһû˯Ҳ֪ҪҪϹ

ˣʱ֪˵ʲôãɫΣȥسǣǻڴһ磬Ͽ϶ԣǰģôû뵽ξȻʲôûС
ֱղǶţʲôʱһǡ
Ͼסһ£ͷ̧ͷģܲô
ֻûкôƤֱʳ

⻰һɫЩڣ⻰ڷ̺оҲгЦǵ˼



Ԥϵɫȫ˺󣬸ӳڴﺰˡ
ǰ굢˲ʱ䣬·ݱũæʱ϶ӳڼʱᵽˣõĻҲ

棬ڴӿڴ¼ϣζӳû˵ʲôˣֻһ
ڣֻмյú͵ƣùžٵø߸ߵģߺֻܰǿһСأҲѹҪѡõҹ̸оͷ¹ⶼú͵ƵĹ⿴

ҲΪڣɢʱ̲еǰ¥˹ףͷʱ򣬽ڴĶһ
ҪС˵һ䣬Ծˡ
˵תܣȺС

¥˹΢΢һ㶣ʶͷﻹЩȵİӣӦǰӣʵĴУԺ佨˵Ļµаװֵӡ
̲סüû뵽ľٶҪӻ̧֪ͷʱѾˡ
¥˹ԥһ˲ӷŽԼ¶

¥˹׿ڴзһϣӺܴ󣬱ȭͷ󣬷ڿڴĹĵģҲҺϣû˷ϵ

գ¹·ϣ¥˹׽ӳˡ

ܻ̣˿˿ܻ룬󣬿֪Ҫ֣ˣ¥˹

ζܺã˵СûԹôóԵʳİƤõۣģֶ㣬ҧһڻͣʵʵģƽʱԵĶ࣬¥˹׻ص֪ʱθܣȴǴδй㡣
ݵʱ򣬽Ųʶͣһ£ŤͷߵŮ֪෿䣬˶٣Ȼͷȥ

ڶϣûкһԣ¹ѾûԼʳͼ֪ļ᲻óԣһ㶼һڳһ٣ʮֵֻ̲˵ʲôϾǰͷģ׼ȥ˴ӳȡŪһֻĸ

緹̾ԼĹˮѧũˣѧũ磬ҪˮĲˣ̸ǴŹǺӣεĶǸֲһϡ
ԾűֵĻһ㣬´óԵٷһ

̻һȥţʯͷţԭסģûˣӾͿڸĳţиԺӣԺǽ̮һ̴֣ѧũһʯͷשڳһªʵΧһȦϥôߣý档
Ͳúһˡ

ɽҲȥˣҲʸ֪Ĳ𣬵Ϊ˱⺫Ҫ˵л׼͵͵һ£ɲš

µģûвճõĶִصĴʵڳʦУпһ˵ʦĿʽһֿôգ֮ͣúúܶࡣ
ΪʱȣҲ᲻ֻͣڹưˮʯͷһѲ񣬾ˡ

繤̾԰ժһඹʹ⣬ǳ棬ܷ㣬棬ֱ۾Ϳг
кúȷŽˮ߰˷죬Ȼ̳һˮɣһͽ衣

Ƿˣ͵˴žʳʱûʲôˣ̷ŵඹඹƺõ˿ڹﳴ죬Ȼټǡ͡κҶɫ˺ͺˣģҪܶࡣ
ɫģඹ˿ҶɫԱ

̳ʱѧũڳſǻˣ۰ͰͿ̹ѧũӢ佨Ҳʱʱ쳤ӿﶼζζ
ҲǳģҲûʲôֻֻйʱһ٣ڸ
桢˱ǵζֻԼѧũ

ѧũ̶˳һ˶ҸˣҲǸģһӹ룬˿ֱӱˡ
һ̾ͳԺӣܵıӻ졣

Ķˣһ׼ԡڳԵģ˳ֽϴˡ
ҪϴʱǰͻȻһֻ֡

޳ָһëߵĶƱ

һ̧ͷͶһ˫Ȼӣںڵͫ׿ҲϲǷˡ
¥˹׵һζ˵ܺģͬˡ

һ㶣վӣߺܶ࣬ʱҪ̧ͷ

֪ʲôֲ˵ΪΣŶһ
¥˹һֱţƺֻҪһֱջȥЩΣҲϲǷˡ

¥˹죬Ʊָ˼֡
ûջȥ

̿ЦˣûôԿˣֽеƱˣаɣǷ㡣
̧ͷЦǷöҿҪġ

¥˹⻰ɫƽûлĻ·ֱתߡ

̿ıӰЦݵˡ
˵ж˵һ䡣

죬ͷеƱӣеڽˡ
룬Щģǰһߵſڵһ¡

ɫǿӲקسûˣҶȥϴ·ˣÿҲʱʱ䳤㣬תȥʣµһ보ó㣬ǲˣŵЩ
ޱĽŵѧӣҲϲǷ飬Ծ͵ˡ
˵תͳ˳

ӳ̾ͺˣ뻹ûϴãֲûȥԥţ˾ֱ߹濴һۣȻǰụ̈ʲô˼Ĳǲǣ




8.  ڰ         Ī̧ͷ

Ī̧ͷһۣ֪ô˵ĻźĴſڣ䣬һ־óԳû¸ɣ˼ƽϴ׷ֱޱù
˵Ҫƹȥ

һɫʱЩÿҪߣֱץ첲һ䣬̣
ԥĮӣ˳ǣŬϵıºȻñȽƽ͵ˣǣ֪ǰĲãҲӦãҲ̫żҳܾͳܣԼİȫЦϵ֪ҵʱжൣЩĻˣ棬ۡ
̣һҲ̣ʲôˣѵûô治ˡ
˵󣬻һ


ĿɿڴЩŤͷһۣͻȻԭΪʲôԵˣһһף΢С»汻סˣԭ

̿ɲɵôҲ̸Ȼÿûάֶãˮƽеġ
úϷֱ˦֣ʲôˣȻôûԵżˣбҪ˵һֱǰ㵱ѣǰҾãԲźİ㼸Σ֪ȴ壬ϲ㣬ҵĺ۸ˣɲ˸ɳ¡
һĺߣڣ̾ҧԭЩʷ

˵꣬¥˹ױӳ˲
ʶ΢ƫͷһۣ޳ȻĽǶȥֻܿĲͰ°͡

û뵽̻˵Ļ̲סһ㶣ɫ˲ˣ̧ͷſûסҧгݵʲô˼ôߵڰ׸Ʋϵǲϲˣ
ѧũ׽ﾯ졣

ȻԽô£żǰһͨ죬ʣ̣żˣ
ɤŴôһ֪㶼ˡ

Ҳ֪ǲ̵ĴоѾߵſڵˣŲ΢΢һ¡
ͻȻĪһ飬̲ٿŭĳ˵ʲôʲôʱϲ˱ˣ

ѾڽƱ磬ҳϣʱߺ޵Ŀ˵ûУ⼸ѧũôҶ̣㻹ǲˣ


⻰Ī˿ŷƿûô롣
ֱƹˡ

߼ʹ㾹Ȼˡ

в

ûаݣص󿴵ѧũǰҪˣ
ҲǸӲˣҲҪԿѧũݣһȲֻú޺޿һۣҲŹġ

ѧũҲ˸ղ֪ˣѧũƿߣû룬ŪôһΪϲԼҲǣȻôôã֪ô֪࣬ôԡ
ǰеĴ

ֻȻϲ⣬ϲ̰ûʲôãƯ˼ﻹǮƱӣϲڿܸɡýʵģôģɲϲһˣҲ
ʱ᲻ѣֱܹ

ҲΪ⣬ڶ֪˿̵ЩԾˡ
ԭûӦֱѧũܹŤŤ֪࣬ʱûҶĴ㡣


⻰Щ֣ȶǸ־ɫƺʲôһ塣죬Ŭƽɫã֪ˡ

ѧũֵ̱ôƽΪڹǿЩԼ˺ѹС֪࣬һܸˮʵûôãǵѾͦʵġ˵ƺ̲ˣһתˡ

̿ݵĸһıӰ˳ǣЩЦȻˡ
ջߣ±ʲôԶ׼̧ߣҲʱһĨϤӰŤͷһ¥˹ס

촩һɫĳ䣬ǳ㣬˽ɻȻӿŶ
·Դ󣬿Ųģкüطĥ˶û취첹Ϊ˳úÿ´ɿ쳣һֶصУ̲ס뵽ǰϿʱдƬģشõ·ҲĳܶصƬãҪǻ¥˹ȥģӦʲôܼԦ

˵Ƥܰףڳػ谵Ļ£Ƥ·ܷ⣬һֲɫë䣬ȥʱ򣬷·һСӡ
⿴̲סһ㶣ͣҲ΢΢Ťͷһۣߺüԥڣ㡭

ƺҪ˵Щʲôû˵꣬ʹ̣ȵҡ

̻ͷһۣٻͷ˳һ䣬Ҫ˵Щʲô
ͷѾԶˣԶ˵ıӰ̰յԴô˵ˣ

繤̱䵽ȥβݣû¥˹ףҲû취֪ԭҪ˵ʲô治ѣһֱ¹֪¥˹ף¥˹ȥˣ֪ÿҪˣ̾¥˹ƤҲͲ˼ű˵ʲôˣֻš

̵Ǳˮ¥˹Ǹӣ﹡ǱߣߵĵطøģԱ߳˺ܶݣҪ໨ʱ佫ˮˮݷֿ߻Щߡ
ȻãЩҲ֪һ㣬ƽʱʱŮ֪໹һ㣬֪ʵȽϳԿ

˹׸Ӳݺܶ࣬ʱ򣬼ˣԱͬӵģ˦һء

Ǹ͵ģ͸汧ӣԶָܺܶˣҲ֪ǲܵĴ̫Ƶˣ¥˹׸ٶȽӿ죬׾ӱɹͨ죬Ƥܺãÿ챻̫ɹҲûڡ

̿Ŭ٣¸õһˮ󣬴óһ͵͵Ա߰æҲ̫ɻ¥˹һξܸһѣĸһ߸һѹҾ˵˵
ˣҪ˵ʲôѽô˵һͻȻ˵ˣ
ֱӸ

¥˹üһۣЦӯӯӣĬһ£ȻͷûʲôֻԺøҳԵģһ𡣡
Ƚ䣬·ûзϣҲ顣

ϵЦһ۾Ĳü䵭ͻȻЩζһϣ²˵Ҫ˵ʲô
ҲԳʵ֪೤̫ÿˣҲϲ
룬ǲĵҾ뱨ң͵Եôˣ

¥˹ûͷӣ϶Ȼ죬ƽн࣬ɼѾͻȻֵҳİӺ棬͵ƽ

˲˵
ҲǿˣȻûκιϵ
Ҳ֪Ӿ
ЩģûôԴ̣ͼһ¹ϵÿЦĿǵǿɲУҵѲֵֻӺһ棿

˵仰¥˹ͣеĶȻŤͷ̡
ӺܺڣһƯĲڵͫƽ޲˵ʱ򣬷·ܽеС˼ǸӺģҲЩԲǻȽ˽䣬ҡ
û˵꣬еϣĮһܸꡣ

˵ˣٺƤҲƤǰߡ
ֽ˽ҧУߡ

仰ԥת뿪
ģԺҪйϸС

磬ӳˣ֪йء




9.  ھ         ˵º

˵ºѲ˹ϵǰ조̡һܣԭһŮԱߵĽԭӣֻҪ˴һ㶼֣ȫ󴥵ߡ

˵ҲĿʲôŮԱŮԱûС̡ÿ˵Ҳû̡󷽣Ψһ㣬ŮԱڿܸɡܶʵʲôŮģЩػۻŮԱҲܸɣԱǸɵĲҲֻ֪зֳŮˣ뵱̡ʱ򣬸ɻһΣӹǣӵ쵼ҷʲôػŮ֪ࡣ
ʱûɶ٣Щ֪ûˣҲҪŵùҲ֪꣬ǸɻɶˣӦһЩ

Щԡ̡˵ûʲôãɲϲɻɲ˻Ȼĸÿ¶ǮƱӣһֱͶʱ򵵰Ͽм¼ģ¶Իس谭ҲܳĻᣬ֪ҲֻƤ飬ɻ

Ҳʲôڿˣǲãü㣬֮ǰҪǶ飬Ļĸ׺ͽȫˣҪǱ׸ˣһͨҲ֪ࡣ
Ծ˺Ҳ˫ݵĻˣ¡̡֣ϾҲ̡Ϊʲôá

ǾʱŮԱ߽ŮԱӦĻһ޲ңΪһ˵ĺ֪࣬ΪǸյŮ֪಻ɻ˶֪ǵӡ󲻺ãѡ˽ףÿȥ˫ݵĹԼ껹㣬Ҫ֪ȥæһѣŮ֪࣬˵ӵŮԱҪԺȢޣһҪȢġ
ʲôŵû˵ʲô˵ˡ

ŮԱ֪ĻӣŻף˵Ҫæɻˡ
Ҳôģÿ˵һûΪ˺ӽˡ

ûв͸ǽһȥģ߽Ļʹˡ̡УԭȻתʲôģ»ĸŮ˶̣ɿǡ̡ôԵӣԲ˺һ
Ϊ⣬ŮԱҲƺ֪ʲôҲʲô۸ˣȻ˶࣬һ̵ĸ磬׸ø磬мʮˣⲻͰ﹡ϡ

󿴵ôˣҲ֪ˣƱ˵ԼʶŮԱ˵ŮԱе֪ѧũ˶¿أһʱ仹Ū졣
վںŮ֪⻰̧ͷҲ˵ʲôͷ˶ûһ

ŮԱĸǿɲܣʲôѧũǶо࣬ѧũг˶׼Ź
ŵֱ£۾鵽Զ¥˹׵ıӰ붼ָˣѿڶ˵¥˹׾ϲŮԱҲǸģ֪ݣ˴񣬵¥˹׺ѧũжԹ˵ȥҲû⣬Ҳ͵ѧũ¥˹ס

ŮԱһϳ¥˹ףʱ˴룬Ǳ˲ʶ֪죬ƽʱϹʱֻҪڣŮӺСϱǶ͵͵Ͳˬˡ
ŤͷԼãͷΪĬˣ붼һѷϡ

¥˹׺佨һ˲䱻˰Χס֪˶˵Ĳᣬ¥˹ϾкüϣβǡһˣðѪ飬ɫףΪԿɲֱϾ͸˵ˡ
佨ص㱻Ķ󣬼ƤڣԣֻһҧһŸ첲˶Կ

ŷʱͿ¥˹ױΧŵĳվм¥˹ףȺżг
Уϵ·˺üɫ䣬ѵӴʱ˿̴˼ɫһѿеĵ档

ֱ̼һȭ³һѪʱˣҲûԣ붼ͳȥס¥˹˴ˣٴԣûɷˣǾȥȫץ
СþȫġҲ˼á
?  ڳһ죬ЩµģСˣվȺĸӳͷ󺹣˰죬ûһá
ӳûüϹŵģû뵽ֳ¡

У̱ץס첲Ҳ֪˭۾ˣ¥˹ۿԣקš
̿һȭͷȭͷϣصʱŵɫˣҪţһȭ͸ôˡ

ŭˣ¥˹ӣŻڴ˵ЩԱʲô˼浱֪۸ǰɣѰͷҲ磬Ҹǣ֪ƢãҲ˶ģɽǹҹ涨ߣΰϯͬ־ģ¸ǣ۸֪࣬˵Ǻǹ߲Ը浽ȥȫҪΡ

˵⼸ˣһ˵ô׳ʵ϶һ̲֪Ķǲʶ֪͵ˣŮ֪ǿʶģƽʱɻУ͵ǵһҪһźðˣڻյǸǰ׼֪ôһ
˵ǴܸɻǺ֣ƤӣǻˣŮ֪һС°ͣ˵ŵȺäҲĻ˵Υ˹ߣһΣʱһͻ

һ߳Ҳѧ̵ӴµŻ˭أΣô֪ʲô£
˵žͰԼӱƭ˵˵

¶룬̶֪˭ɵġ
ҧгΧһȦ֪˶ڣΨ
֪Ҳ඼µô£ɫ˲ѿ˼֡

վڳߵĺǰһ˵ЩʲôԱߵĳס򶫳ҡҡͷ˵
վǰ̣죬ЩǹԹһҲ֪ܶԸȺģͷӡ

Ȼ̵ܿٴЦվ¥˹󲻳Ȼʮе˻ȥ˵⻰Ҳģʲôɣ֪֪Ϊߵ˵ʲô֪֪๴ãȥǸõǸѽôȫҵСš

Ϊǲ֪ӵͿ֪಻˳ˣǲɻ˵ȫǳҲ˿ЦͷϣҲ룬Ƕˣ쵼͹ʵʩɽ֪ʶıũģأǸǻһµظɻѽӵã̫˺ǽǹǣǻҪĿأڻô۸ˣԶ٣浱֪ûҷǰɡ

Խ˵Խְǰ¥˹ףŲȥһ㣬Ӱӡ
¥˹ᳶ·Сѵ˵ˡ

Ҳģ汻˵ͨȴûǿ˶ӳӵ쵼ˣЩҪˡ

Ҳ˶ӳµģʲôµģ˵Ҳû֪ίȫôãýᷢй˿ǵ֮
ﰵ¥˹״˵һĻý͵͵һ£˹ϵãҲû

¥˹ױȵһ㶣ûô췭ˡ

̣·ʲôûһһģģ򰡣
Ȼ̧첲˲ڵᣬŤͷݺݿ˵ʹͬȥسҽԺ飬Ҫͬʲô⣬ҾŹǣǻ쵼ٱﲻǾдŵʡʡﲻǾ;ٱ룬ǼȻݲ֪֪࣬ҲǿŰɣ˭˭
˵Ż֪࣬һ֣ߣҪũūѸ質

⻰˵ĶһӾͰǷܺߵλϡ
֪ũūʲô˼Զ

⻰öӳɫˣڳ˵ɫˣҪǴȥǸ浽棬˶Ҫꡣ
һ˲䣬˾ͳʸ֮ġ




10.  ʮ         ص֪ʱ򡭡

ص֪ʱɫЩˡ

Ҳûʲô˼ˣŴɽֻһ̲˺һȻһſڷ
ֻ̻˼Լ˼̲һһƹ˿Լһ̶̶ϹǰʱϰģһͿԺȣ̶²ʲôϡÿﶼԭĸϸ¼Ĺģűǡ
Сӹġ

ϳ̲˵ʱ̾Ա֪߳һӣҲûܿǣ˵ҲʲôС¡ƤˣŲΪֿͶ˲
İԱ߳ԵĿġ

һĿȫ̶ֱѧũѧũһûУ̻ϵ£ѧũ˵лĪֶѧũô
ѧũء

ѧũҲϾܾĻе㷢̲ˣ۾ǰ϶᲻ƿֺڣôǷҪ˵ЩȻܾͳԵˣô㣬֪óԡ
ϲҲʲô£ϲϲϾԼҲٱǼһöˡ

ѧũô룬˳ųţҲЩζûзֳȥ̵ӣ˵ܳһڵġ

뵽ҶĬ򵱳׺˾õʱҶϡƽһõ£ǾͻʶϲжΡ
ϾڴУǰҪẠ̊́Ҳһ֮˵ҪֳȥĻ

ƺʲôɫЩѿŽסͷȥЩ˵ƤܣҲ֪ǲĴо̷ֳȥ󣬴Ҷһӡ󷴶ˡ

żĹֻΪԺóԵģǺЩЦЦ־ÿɺޣΪ̳еǮ֮⣬ĵȵԼ

̳ԺˣϳûԷ¥˹ף˶ڳһɫԼ˼̣䳰ȷһ䣬̷ֳȥʱǲҲûţھΪ˼ˣʲô
˵̣Ҳǲڳ˵Ͱת뿪

źĺ󱳾ʹȥ˭أ㻹˵̱ŷֳȥ˦ͷϣҪҪ

ûȷҶ뿪ȷʵЩеˡ

֮ǰûãֿǿʼ֣ʵǲġͱȷ˵类˰Χ۸ʱͽŻסˣ򶫶
ֻ͵һ棬ȴ֪һ档
Ҳǣ̸ǻеĴ쵼ٲҲȥһʽԴ̡

̳극ͻϴȥˣϴʣµһͰˮϴ·Ѿӵһ˼͵͵˲ĵ͵ûǮǳ˶͹ȥһ굽ͷԲһļͥ˵ʲôҪһҪ񣬵Ǿ˺üɲ񣬽֪éѵģܹõꡣ

ûʲô÷ģ˵ҪŵͷǾԼڳԶʳֱҪ̫ġ
ǰѧʳɶģԿԶˣҲͲɵʳָռ˵ѣ˻ϲڱ˵Ըԡ

֪Ϣʱйɣʱûʲôֻһ㶼ǳ극ȥϴȻϴϢ΢ڿ֪ȥ߽·ϴˣûôиһͰˮԺܽ·ϴˣҪȥɽϴ꣬Ѿˡ
ʱ򻹺һ㣬죬ڵıȽǲŽһֲָˤһӶġ

ϴ·ڴͦʬſңһһӴԥƬ̺´ҩ͡
ǵý¥˹ŵȭͷȭͷᣬϸƤ⣬ѾܿˡҲ֪˳ʲôԭһȭܻ˭ȴܲ顣

һƿҩͳţ¥˹׸պôϴ··ɹſǽߵϡ
ǣһ֪죬ԴҶ·ɹ棬¥˹׾ڿģƽʱϴ趼Ὣ·һϴˣʱ·ˣܻỻϴ

ûע֪ϲһҺɫףǼͨͨģЩӦòģÿֻҪ·ڶ˵Ļͻ
߰£Ѿߵ¥˹ߣǲͻȻˣ¥˹϶һ٣Ȼ·ʲôûһϵĶ
·һſ

ע⵽ˣһôˣȲᡣ
˷Ӧ˲Ъ˼죬еҩƿֱ¿ڴһûʲôлˣĨϣճϹˡ
һ¹̬ȣ˵תߡ
Ӱź

¥˹һ㶣ʶŤͷһۣıӰʧſڣٵͷۿڴеҩͣü
Ҳ֪ľ仰ûſھܾˡ

¥˹·ص䣬ʰúóڴеҩͣ漴⿪·ϵϡ
󱳵һЩط佨Ĩģ佨һĨһ󣬽ҲˣﻹǺ¡

ҲʱͻȻ̺
佨жһ٣Ŷ͵˵̫죬ŲǺҲ㹻ֻˣǰ㣬Сǰ¥˹׵ֳˣǱˡ?
¥˹û˵Ľëĳ´һȦӰҲסе
ҲǲıˣֻǾãֻҪˡ
뵽̳Լϲѧũ¥˹˿һƶƸУʶĺˡ

ǰûźãص䣬һݾŵһĴ̱ζ
Ѱζҩ͵佨ϳ̵ģ֪㣬Ҳֻ
˲䲻ˣ³ɺޣֱͿ˳¥˹׳ȥһקס죬׾ʹµ¥˹ףҲŮˣ

ڸҲˣϽܹûžͺ¥˹ӭײϡ
˴һ̸ۣҪſڣƹֱˡ

ĺֻһۡ

û˵ʲôŤͷ󣬳ھʵַʲô裿ŲҸӳ˵

ọ́·һ̣ǲϲ¥˹ף

Цˣֱӷһ䣬ϲ˭ʲô£
תߡ

ɫѿݺһ¥˹׵Ĵ




11.  ʮһ         ̳ȥˣߡ

̳ȥˣߵſڵʱ򣬿¥˹һվԺ룬ԥ˹ȥ

ߵԶĵطͣ£Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ʲôʵҩ͵ʱû룬ǾͨھӣҲӦûﻥ
ϣԼЩ¥˹׵ֵСǵһοôÿˣÿ̲סã֮ǰЩС˼ڿ̬ô䵭ƺе֪Ϊݼݣ͹ԹЪ˼
Ժֻ˵ƿ͡

Ͼָ񣬷ڶӾʵദеġ
ǸÿˣԱܵģ֪⹷͵ҩͷðͬʱֻù

¥˹ױվǽߣһɫ·վҹɫУΪһ壬ĸӺܸߣ޳ͦΣʱԶԶϳ
¥˹䣬˴һܣСˣ̶¥˹˽ⲻ࣬˵ģӢƽʱߵıȽϽӢ¥˹ͬеģǸͬѧ˵ǾˣСʱˣĸ׺ټ޸˸ܵܣûߣ̸ŹùӺ񲢲Ǻܺù˵ԭǰ쵼˸ܺõĹ֪ôŪģϰıܣµ֪ࡣ

̿ıӰǰһŲŤͷһۣ谵ҹɫУ̶žµӣϡϳ䵭üۣǧ֮⡣
򴽣Ҫ˵ͼѧũĴ߽ȥéǱҧˣԺӺ󿴵Ҳû룬һ䣬£
˵仰󣬲ŷֲԶվ¥˹ףڻЩ˼ƺʲôС˵һ䣬Ӷ࣬ȥ

һ㶣ʶ۲Զ¥˹ףȻҡҡͷһ䣬û£˵Ū˵
ĬԼġ

ѧũͷЦЦνû£Ҷϰˡ?֮ǰ˻¾ͷߣ˵ֻ֪ϡ࣬ûʲô£ŭ֪㣬ǻܲܡ
뵽ѧũЩãԼģЩڣԼ֮ǰ̫ˣԼϲ˵Щ˵Ļ
ȭɤӣ̵ҡҽݡȥˡҲ˯?Щ̫Ȼ˵Ϳˣ·й׷
ʵҲǲϲֻѧũԼ䲻̣Ƥ̸ܳˡ
ЩֻҪȥ룬Ͳзˡ

ѧũˣ̿۲Զ¥˹ףû˵ʲôҲת׼뿪
Ȼת֮ʣԶ¥˹ͻȻ˵ˣ۾ѧũǸʵֵˣȻϲӦúúö

£Ȼ̧ͷһĪ
ʲô˼ϲ˭ˣ
ʲôӦúúö

߶ϣ̿Ȼ·еһҲС˼
һ˲飬֮ǰȷʵЩ뷨ڲûѧũʲôû˵ʲôû

ôúõ˵ֿȰ˵ʵʾĻ

¥˹Ҳˣ˲ʱûпһۣ̬Į档

̿ıӰѹѹסԼˣڱǰҲûô䵭
¥˹һźÿ̶ҲûʲôøС
Ťݡ

ڶϣ̺ˣ繤ҲʲôˣѾԵĲˣֻʣۺһЩʳ
׼Լݱ龫ٳһ͵һˣ֪طʱͷӱ˶ϵбӲǿ˶ĺۼ涼ǻۡ

ǸӣԭʱĸģΪ׼˼һǳӣԭ׹ֿŵġ
͵ıŮ±˵ţĶ͵ȥⷽ涼뵽ˡ

ԭ鷳ǰֻһ̣֪֪ǻЩǸ˵ʱ䶼ͬģҲûעʱóӺʹһٽá
оӣȻûӡ

ʵҲˣӻڣ滮ۺܶ࣬еĵطˡ

̿һȻһˣ֪Լ⼸Щˡ
ûκαƻϵıӣߵʱʲôڻʲô˷·ֱӳӹġ
ˣӶֵľ֪ˡ
˭̲²ⲻǸһߵģҲһЩڳӣ´οܾˡ

̲ɵ෴ԼֳܴȥҲûһֱһʼôģԼ⣬˿ţٴҲ֪һ¡

⼸سԣҲϽԸˣ֮ɲôˣȻҪǣ֪ȵͷԻȥǡ
ֳȥԭﶼƸ̬Ⱥγ˵˼

˵ʵڻʵҲûǣ̫ˣ־ζʳζŶһڷԭϺȣʱԹ
̾ãԼֳȥһʱ˭ãóãҲǣռǱˣҲܹĺܺãá
ɴİسԡ
û뵽ô˵Ȳˡ

룬ѡûŴ£ִ¶ԼûʲôôܽϵŪ
˵ȫľ֪㡣

緹̽ʣµȫˣ̲ˣʮԼĸʣµıƵм䣬һһ飬󡢺¥˹ףҶзݡ
˾ȵɫȻЦЦ첻˱ˣԵⲹɡ
ԭһĺÿ˵ĺÿɵ˷òһá?
⻰һ˵ԭ˲ûˣ쵽ڣ֪û˴佨˵ЩԼһȫڡ

Ҳ֪ԼŭûҪϴˮѧũ¥˹ףѧũ⼸춥Լλӣ¥˹ס¥˹˵壬Ǹо̶Щһ
ԭΪ˾Ǳһ٣˭ϵôݣ֪㶼˿Ժ֪ӵӿ¸ù

ͬû¥˹ףõһ˿ο۾ѧũʱ۾ֱӼʵķ졣
̹Ȼѧũǲһġ

ѧũԵĿģҲûܵõһ˵ĺˣĻʲôĵġ
һ˵ĸ̵л쳣֮ǰԭҲͬ£ҵķӦȴǲһġ
ЦЦ˵һҲû˵ѵһûк֣ǵͷԼķˡ

극һʱ䣬ҿʼһ췢£Ҳ̡
Ȼֳȥˣ֪Ǹ壬ʱҪһԡ

̶ڲμֻûʲôȤʱ仹طϢһæһˡ

֪ĴһֱΣ֪˲٣ӵԱһȺ׳Էɻ
㲻
Ҳ
ϳˣ˵ģΪ˹һ㣬̫ʵˡ¶СʲôҪ̣Լ̲˵Ȱ˵̡
̵ڣ֪ȷʵûʲô£Сȴǲϳԣ˲

֪ҪĸıӦֳȥѾ˵ˣֱִȻ󳯹쵼ҪʺԼⷢȵĹ

ϴ۵ļ˾Ӧȥҹ쵼˵Ϊ˼ƽϣ˶ֵ࣬ԼԿЩ쵼ȻƫԱΪԺ˺ú̸̸
ֻ佨ѧũ̵֧뷨ӦóŻִȥдȥʡŻŻЩӵԱ

ü۵ļң۾ڶһֱ˵¥˹ףͻȻһ䣬˹ףô




12.  ʮ         

¥˹״š


¥˹״û뵽򶫻ͻȻһ̧ͷͷ˶ɨһ˫鶯۶ϣŲײֻĿͻȻ©˰ġ
ܿͷȥ˿ѹȥƽʱ죬룬ڵҾöԡ?
⻰˵ڣע⵽ȱȱĵͷָ·˵ĻȤˡ
¥˹򴽣ƿߡ

⻰ó˿֪ʮһˣվߣٶһе鷳ˡ
̬ȻǺǰһ²£Ŭӵ˴ùϵиøĸ²ЩҲԼ˲УҪƽʱϹʳԵС̾ˣȥͺˡ
ԿЦЦǻٿɣִ˶ҲûʲôôϾǶˡ

һˣ˵Ĳġ?
򶫶ô˵ˣҲûʲô˵ˣһóĬ
û˵ĬӢԳЦ˵˾䣬ǰôˣҲһˡ

Ŵɽ⻰Ͻ̧ͷ˳һۣεЦЦŽ䣬СӢû˼ӳϡ?Ļû˵꣬ӢˣŴɽҲ˲ϽͣϽ׷˳ȥСӢ

̿ϡ棬̲ס࿴ۣ˳ȥ󻹺쳤˲ӿ
ĺ״ôֿŴɽ?
һ˵ֱӷ˸ۣȻѧ˻ȥܰⲻǿ㶼ʮüˣŸɫöŵŴɽӾͦʺģʵô̵̱ˣϧ˼вˣҪ㿼һҵӰɣȻ˵㣬ɽӲ֤࣬޹ȥ
̸ݵʱʶģǶϹ̫ˣȢϱѾʮࡣ

û˵꣬úݺһӣ̣˵һ飿
ȻʶĶӣļֱܿ˻ɫСϱˮ̾ǹ?
һ㶼£ôϲﹷôƢҲã˳ð˵㣬ĶĶ㡣

ҧгݵôԼҪ
ﹷӺֹ㣬Ǹֻؿڡ

ʼ磬ҽʮߣء?˵ζ˺һۣԱҪ֣ӵ̵ȣ˵䡣

ƲƲ죬װģ˫սӣԺ¶һЦУҲ˵ˣҺİ컵¡
ֱҪ?
˵̣Ȼ˵̣ƤӣǱỴ̄۾ˣҧŴвһ䣬ҵš
˵Ҳվˡ

˵Ŀ⣬̧̧°ͣһνҸʲôֲͷ?˵Ҳˡ

ͷˣ˲˿֪㣬ֻҪͬʱڳ׼Ҫ
˶зִ磬֪ʱôȴӲֳҲǴƽʱܵԭ򣬷˳鳳ʲôӰ졣
ֻ󣬲˴ҡ

Ҳ֪Լ鷳ϵڣһ仰û˵
ϳ극ԾȥѹϴˣˮҲġ

ȻѾ˶ԲߣҲôģҲʲô¶ûӡ

ǷвĻãԷʱ˵˺ͶӳˣһͬĻŮԱҲǵǸŮ

ӳ˵仰Ȼ˸¥˹׺˵Ǹ
ȵǸǸŮ۾˵Բ𣬻һӼ¥˹ף¥˹ɫ䣬ûӣŮһۺЩ£¥˹Աߵĳ򶫡

Ů֮ļ磬̬Ⱦûôˣ˵˱Ǹ˵Ժ󲻻Ҵˡ
ӳЦźϡһһԺ²ٷˣҲϣ¸ÿ֪෢һʳӴǶǵ?
⻰ɫ΢ÿһ㣬ﻹǲӳ⻰˼û֪൱ˣʲôӴǶǵ
￪ʼǵĻ͸ĳߵˣҲӵˡ

򶫳ĬһºϼЦһûϵӵԭᣬϣ´αٷˣҲӵһӣʲôԺú˵ǽġ

ǣҾô˵ǵģͷǣǽûʲôĵطˣͬ־أôûˣ
˵Żʱ򣬶ӳŤͷԺ￴ɫŻЩŵӡ

ûӦʶŤͷӺһ̡

ܿͻһ̴߳ЦӯӯģﻹŶ첽߳ʮֿĽǷָ磬ֿ֪߶Ϥܶ˶ǵһθũֱŵģǺܶʱ򶼱ֵıȽ飬ͬ־ĿʹѣһŬũ壬ûʲô˼ĵط̫ǸˣҲ˵Բ𡣵ǣҲҪ˵һ?
˵ɫͻȻǹнĺƽףӢѪģЩ֪൱֮ѡ磬ǻ룬ǶԹ쵼˵׷棬ӢΪҽשߡ

첻׾ʹǣС˵ӲŽᣬ쵼ñӿЦ˵ǾǴ֪棬֪ģȫж֪࣬һʮʮٵģͱȥ쵼ǲܲܵġ

ȻҲϸ߹ԼˣȷʵڸɻȲǣǵûɻģΪĽũչߣ滮δͼ˭֪ǰǵʹáԣԺʲôֹҪʹţǱıûУд¼ֹɶģǿ˵ҵĶ˲ţϾǼѧУ飬ɼǷǳǰġ
˵һѣԽ˵ԽǶЩȥˣ͵͵ں泶˳½ǣ˵䡣
ôԼģôôء

˱﷢飬ֻŮ֪ƤӿѺڵĶ˵ɰ׵ģñƭ嶤ž͸ǵĴһ
Ҳ˵ʲôӳվأ֮ǰӳѾˣҪִˣ˭ֲźá

վڶĶӳ̲ⷬס߿һ̣ﰵпѹѾͷƽô͵ˣȷʵű˻Ķ࣬Щ˵ĶƯжĸɸɾ˵
ҪǲҵɵĻɣȽ鴫ȥ󣬿»ô
Ǿøһ

ӳôţϻģ˵˼ûŴˡ

ˣΪ̾һжĿ̡̣

ĮĿһۣղ˵Ļͬ͸㣬飬֮ǰʲôĵطͬ־Ҫ棬ֻǰ㵱Ѻھ˶ѡ
Уϣ˽һ㣬֪һپ١һԼˣǣ´λǸ壬һֱ淴ӳġ

㡭̣ôĮ
ֲȥˣô

ûֱ֪ˡ
⻰˵ģ˵ģ˽ᡣ

ˣ˸ݣҲû
Աߣĵ˵Щһӳô죿

Ҳ˵ĵģԼɲʲôд¸ֹ

￴һۣˣҲ˵ӳûôõǣҪУǾðˣҲҪǧֳ

Цˣ˵Ļͦеģũдɡ

һȥԷȳ꣬سʱһתͿ¥˹ס
Ҳû룬׼Ͱˮϴֳȥһ㲻ã춼Լϴ룬ͼһӰߵԱߡ
¥˹׽ڴҩó

̿ųǰ֣ǽڷ޳еֻǰ׵ģƤһɫĴɣİףܿµɫѪܡ
΢΢һ㶺Ҳû˵ֱӽеҩͽ˹ԼڴС
ûߣֿһۣ£

¥˹üͷϴ˼ԥǵ˵˾䣬Ƕӳʱ򡭡עһ㡣
˵꿴һۣȻתˡ

ʵҲ֪ԼΪҪ˵Щ˵Щֻ̫룬ǾбҪһ䣬̫ϲˣԼûʲôоˣ˵ûʲôôֳȥ

̿ıӰʧſڣûӦʲô˼ǶӳΪʲôҪעһ㣬Уעʲô?˰󣬲ĥһζڼʮᣬСĸչԼѧУʦҲʶĹѧΪĺӣԺ߳ŻиĻᣬദ󷽣Ӧֻ
ҲȷʵģǰѧʱȻɼȫõģ϶ԾǸѶ࣬ö࣬˭лʹչԼ˷ͷɶģ⣬ҶǸƾ¡
ҳ˿źܺ͸ûⷽˡ

һ㣬ЩƣƹЩ⣬û뵽¥˹׻˵Щǵ?ദôЩ죬̶ӻЩ˽ģƽʱľһſҪǳ̫ÿûע⵽
ͻȻ˵Щֱ˼顣

ôţϹ֮ǰҵ˳򶫡




13.  ʮ         һɡ

һ˼̧ͷ̣
˼־ȡ
Ͼ⼸죬Ȼֳȥˣӱǹĺã˭Ӧöɡ

ʼ磬һûûεӵӳѵұֵĻ𣿲ȻҸôķĺͲ̶ӳԱ𣿽ҿǻȥһǣôԼ᲻óԡ?  ˵֮ǰдص壬ղű¥˹ôһѣ;Ǹᡣ

͵͵۳򶫵ɫȻ̧̯ü㿴⼸ֶôֲˣǸһԱȽϺá
˵⻰ʱЩƣ·İۻһ

Ǳ˵Ļ򶫿ܻ˽ͷˣ⻰˵;¡
Ҳ֪ǲĴǰǾֻǲɻĽЩԴǰЩӸһܺڵ̲ŷӻ͵ҲƽʱϹʱ͵û˾ٱˣ컹ۿЩŮ˵Цģ˷һЩݣҲ֪ôġ

ҲΪЩ̤ʵ˼֣̲ôЩҲὫȥ˼ĵͷƢܻȻǺ¡
˵Ҳٻ˵ڶ죬ҾͲϰˣȴһ飬˭ﶼмֺڣֻǲ˵ʲôѡ
ȻҾ͸˵һ?
һϽסǿɲС
۾תתһӣҪú֪ˣ֪ôЦҡӳ֪˼ˣȹ죬ˣӳٿᣬܽһ£˵˵֪ҪŽɶģʱ˳ң˳µͬ⡭?
˺Цû뵽Ѿϸڶˡ
Щ˵ûʲôǸ̵ݸ̨׶ѣͷˬͬˡ

Ϊ̣Ϲ·ϣ򶫻Ŵɽ佨˵̻ص£ô˵ģε¶̣һǹ֪ӣ֪㻹ŽһȽϺãҵ˼͸ͷصûʲôĸң̧ͷͷģαֵô֣Ǿأ
еԼϣȫ̵ӡ

⻰Ŵɽ佨вͬģϴ̷ֳȥͲͬ⣬κŮ֪֮ìأǰǸ˭ﲻǸ̹ϵһ㣬ֻԱߵľͷ

Ȼж̸йҲǺܺõģǰȻָǳԣһ߸Ʋ˵ģ˵ҲָʹģҲǼһܵˡ
ڣ̷ֳȥ󣬿ܽദˣͻȻ˻ǿԵģ¥˹óԼҩͣѧũˮ˵ѧũóԵġɼǲġ
佨һͬ붼͵ͬ⡣
ŴɽҲͷȷʵӦӳġ?
ˣҲɵȸ͸˸ףȥѧũҪѧũǼһ϶ͬ⡣
뵽˼ԶĳͻȻŤͷЩĲһ䣬ȱѧũ˵?
佨Ŵɽ죬Цζ

佨Ǹزסģӳѧũ˵Ͳѧũ˵ҵ¥˹ףȻһԽղų򶫵Ļȫˣ˲һ䣬Ҫܻ̫ˣǾܳˡ
¥˹׹ϵãͬһʱڹģ֪㣬濴ŽᣬʵһɢɳҶ˸ġ
¥˹˲佨ΪԼûʲôĻ԰棬ദҲȽɡ

¥˹⻰̲סһ㶣ŵӵĶһ£ܿϻָɫ·ʲôûһŵӵͷǰߡ

佨Ա˵Żѹ˵ںûϵˣûǸ᣿
˵Ťͷ¥˹ף۾ģ·뵽ʲôõ顣

¥˹׺ÿķü׾мӡӡѾˣǵ˦µġ
Ҳƫͷ佨ڵڱʯڳģ˼ֲͬƽʺ㡣

ﻰ佨˴ֵģ̵Ķ֣ҪźţЩԲǸļ޵ĸеߵһע᳤á
¥˹ײ֪뵽ʲô̲ס˵һ䣬ϲѧũ?
ô佨ģҲôԼ

ѧũ佨ʱЪ˼
ΪһڳԵȥ˵ĶȻ̺ѧũ֮ûӰҲ͸ѧũߵĽ˺Ӧÿˡ
佨ҡҡͷҪ¥˹ױԹѧũͼѾߵǰȥˡ
ݵıӰȵҰϣ¸ũ·Ҳ봩ϣֻп±Ūˣ¶մӡĺŸ
Ͻ׷ȥ

̻ûüصУĩʱм·ϣ⧲
ҲǷϣյԭĸĹŷ⣬дйԺ¡

ĩˣǮƱȥسǣسǵȥʵĺ⡣
ֻ͸㣬û٣е᲻÷ָ˳ԣǶ˼ͷͷ˵Ķ࣬ܰһۡ
ЩǿԶһ㣬ø˷֣ϹǰԵõġ

궫ȥʾ￴˿ϴμĻȥûлţϴԭĸҪ˸е飬׼ھͳ׼ȸ߿ʱٸϰˡ

ʾ֣ȷʵյԭĸϢȴǸе飬ԭĸĹš
Ҳû룬ֱӽڴȥ˹Ӫ꣬ߵĴæûüԷ

Ӫ̵Žӵʱ𿪿ڴŷ⿴ϸԭĸдģ߶߶һѣ̲ܰ뵽Լĸף̲ס¶ЦݡڶʱϵЦȴ𽥽Ӳ

ŷλϡ

ˣӵͷˡ




14.  ʮ         ˵е

˵е̰۰µ飬еԭȵ쵼ӶǵĶո֮ǰǸ¶㲻ոǰϵãǰݵģǻеһγոˣ֪͸¡
Ч治Ǻܺã쵼ٴδϴƣԭȵ쵼Ӻ͹ǸԱ׻ù治ΪûԼˣոĺλӿҲסˣȻոûֱ׵˵ⶼ̸еֻƬ²ģӦð˾Ųʮ

ո̫ģװ׵ģΪϸԽһʱǮƱټһ㣬µ͵Щ˺úദʱ䰾ȥͺˡ

Ȼո˵赭дҲСӣԿոһЩ£ٲ˵ɼ򵥣εְλߣˣɼ̬൱Щˡ
Ҳ֪ո˵̫ǶԵģЩżĳȥ·Ҫ˼ģ˵̫ɡҲ֪ոǲ׵ģԸոռֻС̡һŮոȻЩȨ˵ӲǺܴ仹еţô
һЩСëУӦò᷸

ȻҲ̵ֻĲ²⣬ΣԭǲģԭС賤󣬶ڼЩϣոĸҲԸЩ£Щ
ҲĴ㣬ոĲʲôԶ߻һ㣬仧ѾǨʯŹ磬ôԼͬģԺӾͲùˣûոĸİģԺֻܿԼԼ

ҪǣԶߣҲ֪ʲôȻոĸĸĸǡ̡ЩþλҪġ
̶̼ӣԺܶ飬üͷԽԽ

ζӵĳӣŶֱӻӣʱϲȫ˳أԭȥ˳ģҲû顣
ֺڽôණոǰ˰¼ŹӦǻûյžѾĹˣ̬ûôأҲôɡ
εŷҲǮǰһ롣

˼ΨһľǲոĸϺȣԺЩⰡʳʲôģˣ̫ۡȻҲܲ򣬲Ȼпܱ˲ʲô
ҪǱ֪֪ĸˣҲұ֤ʲô֣䳰ȷҲͬҶġ
ҲҺ˵˻صе£Ҳͬˣ˵ȷʵǺ£ֳȥ̫󣬻ڼкá
ʣµЩǮƱӣᾡʡԺسǣ߳ոĸӲùˣټĻȥá

ô߰£һ·֪㣬Ҳ֪ǲ̫żԵʣһ·ûôߣоһΡ
̲εǣڻص֪ȴûа¶ڽԺʱϻ¶Ц
Ŷ˷䣬磬ڳԷĶ۾ֱˣѧũ۾Ͷе⡣
ʶˮڴˣ˴󷽣Ȼ֮ǰԼһóԵĸÿγʲôóԵģָһ㣬ܣͳԹܶСûԹĺö

ȻѧũʱЩ࣬ȴװʲôӣŶ˷䡣

ߺϵ佨̲סˣҲû˵ʣǵȳ򶫳극سʱϽϣȻ·ϽһԵӳɶʱ˵Ҫͽɣ㶼ûղѧũӣǷᡣ?ЦôģͺЩһ

ͷһεĵͷ
ûô˱żˡ

ԭ׼¹˵Ӹ˿û뵽ǰһپһ̣羹ȻһȥϹˡ
ǳ֣Ҳ̲ס࿴һۣɫʱһ˵Ľڣ٣̶ӳɫÿˣҵøӸ´پˡ?
ðɣ治֪˵ʲôãҲֱֻ׳˵Ļ

̵Ļ˵󣬾û˳ˣһԼ£˵ĽǼٵġ

ʵҲڷգҶκ˵ͷĬĬǰߣ滮Ժ·Ⱦǲ͵ˣŬϹʳԺԵʳƱˣһڣһܰͻȻڿԲȥĽڡ

ţƲѣ٣ǵ֪£²ԸصУ߻صҲۡ

ţһעֱӲȵǰ˵Ľţ΢٣ͷײĺ󱳡

˿ݣܽʵײıӷᣬű̧ͷֱŤͷ棬һͷһ̧˾ܽĽëֳ䣬ŨܵСӡ

¥˹׵۾ܺÿ֮ǰͷˣƫŵĵۣ״ģΪͫ׵ɫƫڣ˵ʶ˼񶬼֦ͷŰѩɡ

̿˶ƷӦʲôϽһͷȥͷĵЬȵˣһ˫ѾëߵĺɫЬ̶Ьеӡ󣬾Ьӳȥȥʱš
ƺʲô̸ϽǸû?̫ܣֲһ䣬̽һ䣬Ҹ㴩ϣ
˵һҪЬӡ

̫죬¥˹׻ûüӦ־ĽźƤ˼⣬û룬ǰȵͬѧЬҲģǻò
ȻǸͬѧŮľˡ

¥˹ףǱʲôĵط͵̧ţ̵ܿĶ

۾̣סͷƿߣ˵һ䣬á?ԼЬתˡ
ûһۡ

ĪĿ˱ӰվһŤͷǡöԱߺЩŹֵ

ͷվһ𣬷ͷɫֻкżֳϲ¥֪ࣿС㡣
?գգۣһ䣬Ҳϲ¥֪࣬ϲ㡣?˵Ҳ˺סӣֱˡ

̵ıӰһӦȻ󱻶ĵˡ
˶ţǲҪ?˵뵽ʲôø첲⵷˵Ա߷С϶ֻĿˣ¥֪ˡ?
ͷһһ

ǰû߼ͱסˣ򶫸˵˺һʵҲûʲô˵˺ܾõĻ

ϣڿʱᵽ̻شʱȻЩ⣬Ҳྪȣ˵ε¼˵ŽҪԣԣҪ֪֪ͬ־ֳȥ֪˵ӰǶӵġҶǺͬ־Щ鲻Ҷ˵ӦöףǱദľͺܲǰôԺǼôɡѾͬ־̸ˣͬ־ҵȰ˵Ը⽫֮ǰ·¡?Ȼ˭⣬Ҳ뿴ŽһµĻԼֳȥҾ
ѵðڳ˵ӳϡ

º׼˵䣬⻰˸תȥԹԵͷ
Ȼ̣ҲΪ뿪壬ûôƴ֣֪֮еġ

װģһ̧ۣѹѹƵȻҾһ˷ֳȥӺܲӳ˵Ļеģ֪ʮһˣӾһٶˣҪǲŽһ㣬ô㣿?ʲôʱܻسǣﶼû֮ǰҪǺúúζųԱӣͬʱҪϵĻšֻҪšһ˿ǲ˳ۣҲô???

?




15.  ʮ         Ľǡ

Ľǣ̻ص˼Уû顣
ڽѧũҲϱֳɵ˲ŸԣԼͬ⣬㷴Ҳûá

ֻЩԺԲЩóԵˣЩǴŹɶģôк϶Լֵġ

ò˵ѧũദʱ䲻ӻǺ˽ģ˸˾Ųʮ
ȻеԵûô򵥣֮ԻصУһʼǳڸ˰ȫĿǣ¶ĵĻոĹţֻвܼС˿
Ҳ˵ҪǮ裬ʵǸˣʡǮ

ȻصˣҶ̬ȻȻϸXʰɶģ֮ǰǺһģǰᣬҪһ̸˵Ȼԭڸɻûʲô츳һĶһܰԭһֱסȻҲǻ˼Ŭڵġ

ǰʱ䳳ܣֵȥ򶫰ź佨һԭ¥˹һ𡣱̡ǺӢģӢŴɽһԣҲһ󶵶תת¥˹ס

¥˹ӰĬ̺һֲ£Ҫǻ佨Լġ

»ص֪㼯УҲûⰲˣֱӽ˰һ

ڶ첻ģֵɣȻЩۣǹ󷽵ĽԼĹͷóǽͷˣպÿԳԡ

۾ˣ˽еͷӹȥԼĲãһͷô
ΪĴ٣಻ֻ̫ˡ

̸˵һ飬ʱʳĵ٣ֻ֪еĵʳ˵ʵҲʱóԵԵʣٷŵʲôģڸҲ

ǳʦԭ̶Щʳ˽ıȽ϶࣬⣬óԵֹĺ⣬ĺڳһһͷһô֣ӹİ⣬ֻҪ¾ܳٽĲڸǧ
ĺҲֳߵˣ־Ͳֹһ˵Ǻ⣬Ҳòóˡǰⰾְͣ㣬浽ͶǺõģͷŰͳˡ
Щ̼⣬ҲлʹȻ

ڳԵⲻõģũ˵ģͺܺóˡ

õʱ䳤õĹһˮඹͲҶӣʱඹûϣҲܺóԡ
ʵŹǺͺһóԣϧﲻںߣ˳͹򲻵Щ˶û

̿źöˣ˲ģøɲ񽫳Χľϵķ϶ס·ŵζˣŵζʲôлϹʱ͵ԡ
ҲûУǰʱ仹˵ӳϱӳҾӣ·Σǽשͷģ˼ҿŸУҲ֪˭ôĵӣ͵͵ӳȥˡ
˵һӣԵʣ

緹ϢһȥϹˣ̱䵽Ǹ׳ݡ

׵ڰɽϣǸۻһֱ˵Ҫųͷͣңʱ̫ûһͺ䤱

ǱģҲ͵֮ǰԼװһˮõ֮ǰӹͷĲƿܴһܹһ磬ֻ֪УǸҲġ
ҲĺģŲñ˵±ɹˣʪëΧסϴų䳤㡣
ԸҲԸɹڡ

̶ӳ̻ܳ׵أ֮ǰɲҲͲˣֱӶ㵽һ͵͵ϢûǸ

ֻҪһ뵽ոдЩ飬ϵǮƱӲ࣬Щôűòǡ
ôһ룬ֻҧ֡

Ҳûʲôã۾ˮĿ壬˻ҲֱĸǱͷĥķۣоƤҪĥˡ
֪̫Լ̫ˣСûɹô۵Ļ

̴ŴֳųͷۣŤͷǰ滹ôûĵأʱ

ӣ˵ˣݶֲȥ
ֱ̫ˡ

ô˵ֲ̧̻˲ɻ

Աͬɻ̽û͵ϡ棬Ѿһˣǵڶ飬ڻ׷̣һ֪࣬ôô?ϰߡ

Һ˽ڣŤͷЦЦŶⲻ֪㿪һǶӳ˵˺ܶ໰Ƕϯͬ־¼ͻȻԼ˼õԺҲ͵ˣΪŬǹҳһ
?⻰˵ģʵԼţԱߵȴ˵ͷʮͬԭǶӳǸõģҪڿ죬½ףзŮ̫û˵ġ?ңȻиӣͿ̣ϱȢؼҲ

̲֪룬Ҳûģͷɻ
һֱɵ¹壬ǿǿֵĳɣǺͱ˸ɸɾĲ̳ͬĵطǿӿݵһƬӲҲ߰ڵϣž͸˴ٹһ
ǹԱԭҪ֣ĥӲݺ˰˷֡

¹֪·ϣѾ̱ˣһ仰˵ھһƬ׵ؿûʱѵõõһ˿οȻ˱
ĨοڿŮ﹡Ϣһںݵͷųͷʱʱûˡ

̽Ųһ٣۾ЦݵŮϣЩĽ

ں˳߿ȥҲһĻ¶ЦզˣĽˣҲҸɻ??ʶŤͷһۣѿڶҲԣ?˵;Լеɵԭ֮ǰôɵôһʼȷʵɻһ

ЦˣʲôԵģֻҪԼˡ?˵һתҡҡͷҲָˣ˸ҲһֱɻģŰɣСºͻԺ˻飬ӻ
?ƲƲ죬ǰսʱ˻ϴţأ춼Ҹϴ?ܴû̵ϱѡ˵ʲô˵ʲô˾ûһö?
⻰ͬӲԵ

̼ǰߣ˼̲סŤͷ˿ԶϢŮӣٵͷԼĥġ

һʱ˼




16.  ʮ         

֪㡭


֪ԵŹ跹Źǰһ磬ԭһˮ֮һ渡һȦȦĭζŨͷеζඹˣ͵ģк塣

һͰѷˣ̻ȥʱѾˣ̻صУѧũˮҲǿһʹӴˮһˮϴϴ֣Ūúһ塣

ʱͻ֯ЬЬиҵЩ͵õģľб֯¨ǰȥӳҽг·ֿʱ˳ñ˵һ죬Ǳ֯ñͷϾͽЬ˹
̸С⣬СֻسǵĹǽ۽÷ŽһС״ģУģһܴ壬ȻŽ¯￾

տС𣬻ɢż㣬Сܹ˰ǡЩ˵ȥˣҲֻʮԭһġ
ͷ˻ˣСԼ᲻óԣ׼ؼȥԼӳԡ

֯Ь촩͸ȺЬöˡ
Ь࣬¶һ˫ѩ۵СѾСѾˮоϵųˣ֪㣬Ҳɹˣߣø߸ߵģҲϥǡ

ƤҲܰף¥˹ƤͬƤַ۷۵ůףžһۡ
ϴͷץץԴһͷˬˬģһ¶һŰ׾εССϺλûɢȥȵġ

Ϊṩģ̴ãѾʢˣĿŹǣඹˡ
Ѿ̲סˣһƺˣͷԵķɿ죬
ûһ˵

Ҳˣû˼ˣһƨԱߣͰǷ׷ģʵζˡ

һһ룬ϷֵĸɸɾĭӶʣһţŹģһ㣬û
ڴҶˣ̻ڳԣٰһڣ̽ǰһƣүƵԱĶӣһ̾

Ҳ㣬ȻûԱ̫ʱû⣬ܳôһ˵ֱһҸ¡

ͬҸĻ̣ڲԼϴˡ
Ҳûˣվƣط䣬ʲô룬ֻºú˯һһĻԼҪ̱ˣ¶
Ÿճ극ƤӾʹܡ

׵ĳ򶫱˵Щʲôһ޿ӣʱҭʲôû˵࣬ʡ
Ҳҡҡͷ

ûǸԾֱӶ̵ĺ󱳺һ̡?
ûùӦΪǡ

˲ˡ

Ҳ಻ˣѵϵ·һɡ
洩ǰɫ޲ģֱĸ﷢ģʽϣǵүǰϲ֣ڱ黨Ľڿ㣬̾ʹ˴۾

磬˯ʱ򣬾ͱˣ˵Ϲˡ
̻ԺﴰСҲûʲô⣬ۣʶһ䣬ʦ𣿡?
ЦˣʲôʦȥϹ??̰ŷӦʱһʧ䣬ղεԼڴѧ˯ˣ¿εʱſ˯һǵԼ·ȥʳó̻ưϺȺࡣ
̫ʵˣΪġ

࿴˯Ժˣ̲סЦЦ֮Щᣬ꣬ǰҲԼڳΣ顣
οû£ϰ˾ͺãҲùҼһ굽ͷԲһء?˵ʵ£̵Եʳ˺ü⣬رм̣ʱЩãҲûʲô
˵Щգ̸ǲһģ̼ãڳҲǺӡ

ЦЦû˵Ӵϼ
۾ŵʱӻŻ˻Σ˷ס
Ťͷȥһ忡ݣǰ̻Ҫһ£ʲôоûУһ䣬лл
˵ˣ̬ȼܡ

¥˹һ㶣ǻû̡
ǰ̣˵ʵڻ¥˹Ҳ̫ʲôˣûʲôӡȻסһаˣӡʱ䡣

˵Եʣʱ̶Щһĵط
һ¥˹ײԸȥ룬ֻ֪̣һȽ鷳ĴڣûǲҪǣ̫

¥˹׿ԶıӰתͷ·ղŵһжû

磬˻ǡԵ֡ıһɻ
ǳݣݵҪϴ󶹣¥˹׾ִ󶹡
¥˹׸ɻٶȱ̿죬̲ݻû꣬Ѿˡ

Ҳǰʹڣڵĺ䤱¥˹׷ʱӽסᡣ
¥˹ּۿץס첲ñµСףüͷҪҪϢһ£?
æóͷסվȣҧӲû£ҿԵġ?˵ƿ׼ɻ
֪תȾ͸һһ

¥˹״Ӻס죬˿ݣϵľֱܴקסԱߵȥȻһӡ
¥˹ɿ̸֣ɴԱһ߷ˮƿȣڴﻹװ㣬ó׼ָ¥˹һ飬̧֪ͷͷѾˡ
ĳͷݣɫ棬üûаֲ

̶жˣͻȻԼ治ǸǰЩзǷ֮룬ԡ
ôõˣǲ۸˰ɣԺӱĵطֲȥ
ôˣӦŮһŮӣǱ˼ҡ
ôţ̴󷽵ĸ¥˹һ㡣

æ̺꣬¥˹һǰһߣں棬Ҳ߸ɻ﹡ͷ棬̣ϴŴȤЦҾ˵ѾͷôǸʵɻģ󣿰ӴСӳÿ濡զˣ翴ӸС¸ɻҲѧˣ?˵ụ̂СôʵڣҲ۸ˣưȵģĸƨƵġ?
˵ԼЦ

˵ϰ仰ʱ̲סһ⣬æŤͷǰ¥˹ףҲ֪ǲۻ񿴵ǰ˽Ų¡
ģûװ

ѾԽСˣŻؼӳԡ

ԥ˰죬ǰһյ¥˹׼Сûװ岻?
¥˹ûһ䣬һ?ֱ̧Ŵǰȥˡ

һں¡
һʲô
æ˻
?ǵûţ




17.  ʮ         

ȻС


Ȼ¥˹װæˣһ̻ЩܲסֻĶ̧
ͷҲЩۣ΢ˡ

ϳԵǺ࣬ũȽ϶Եʣ֮ǰҪŨܶ࣬ûʲôˣֻһ̲˳ģóһ£ںһš

̲·ҶɿſӣһĲеӣûǰ̲ˣЩ̫Ӧô಻Ϥ˳һˡע⵽¥˹Ҳû̲ס濴һۡ

¥˹̧Ƥ¡

߶ϣ·𶼿˶Է۾һ䣬գգۡ
¥˹ϿӶ£Ȼ۾ûٿˡ

̾úЦһֱΪ¥˹ʲôķϵӣû뵽Ȼһ
룬־ú¥˹׵Ĵģϵ·ȻƣϴĺܸɾܿһȽϰʰˣܻЩС񱡣

극̾ˮϴ裬Ȼ죬ϰˮϴ߲ıȽһЩ֪࣬ܶѾˮϴʲôģŮ֪൹Ǻһ㡣
ϲˮģʱ¹ֱˮưҨˮȣ˵ˮӾģ˿˿ĺúȡ
ûȹǰ˵˶ﳤ棬Ǻˮȵġÿ춼Ŀˮװûˮ룬װ÷ŽֱӺ俪ˮ

ò˶ˮ˰ˣȻתһˮ
ϴˮ·һӣֱɵȥûҪϴ·Ĵ㣬׼¹ϴ
ڴϵʱǲŴˮϴеѧʱס޵龰ֻܶࡣ

һͻȻһУ롪?
һ͵شӴµĶ
ȻϽԼϵɴѹãܵˡ

ϴ죬ϵ·ˣûϴãҲóȥ׼ѧ̵Ҳڴһ֪ƿӾͿһֻɫĴ
ʱŵɫס

ӢǻãҲǾһ£𾪸ԺľУ룬˻ļ·

ŵŻ·ĴϣӢͻȻ̧Ųһ¡
Ҳ֪ǲ̶̫õԵʣһ󡱡
ͷƤ˲䷢顣

ǰ˵벻ܲȣװѲȳٷֳҪӢȻЬϴϴȻͿֱӽһĿۺֻС֡?
Ա߶㡣

ʱ洫򶫵û°ɣ?
ӢҲ·ˣֱߵſڽŴ򿪣Ȼһ·ȥߵ棬̻û£Ǹѡ??ŶǾͺá?һɣ·ľⲻʲô¡

ŤͷȥԶĺһĽЩƺ汻
ûҪ


ǻԸϲ˯ҲҪϴġ

̲֪Ӧ˵ʲôɹĻͻȻЩ£֮ǰʱ䲻ȴãÿһ춼Ǽ尾

ôȥҲӢ治ɫͽ룬ǾãǡЩԼ
ΪʲôᴩԽԼһӶܻȥ

̻ججı۾

ڶ죬첻ˣѾγӣ˯ɣĸɮһ
ĴӴɻĺ֢ˣ¹ͷʹֻ첲Ϸ·׹Ǧ򣬾̻òӴ
뵽Ĺ֣üŬ˵֣߷ܵҪġ

ôţҧ·

ϵĻȽɣֵ̱ݣݵĻѾᳵ·ˣûʲôѵģֻҪעݴû֮ľˣڲݴϻ£ȻŸ
µͣɻʱǲ࣬ǵĸˣǷԱټǼ֡

ǰʲôڽ𹤷֣;һֶǺõģѧʱڣʦͻȻ֪ͨҪԣƫƫⵥԪûϰھָܣˬ˵ǰһ龫᲻úȣºûˡ
Ȼոĸ˵ûʲô£ԺǮƱٵ㣬ǲģǱϲǣίԼá

߰£Ҳ֪Լôģͷһ˫صֲͣݡ

ȥ·ϣֻ̧̧ˣҲģǵԼ·ûϴʵڲ붯ˣһˮ¸࣬æϴˡ

Ӧˣ̵ߣڡ
ҲûطˣҪԷ˯ȥˣֱڴſڣӿǽ޾ɡ

¥˹״Ҳ֪ϸʲôˣͿŶʪˣӦںϴ

̧̼ͷһۣ˶ߣ̱볶˳Цһ۵ЦЦ
ͷǽϣƿ߱ʲôû˵Ҳƿˡ

۾ſڣǡÿӢŴɽϴЦݣӢϸɸɾģͶȵĺζûУŴɽʪ͸ˡ

Ľ۾ˣôûôõѣ
Ŷˣԭи󣬵һӣʲô

ôţϨ˼

磬ȵˣ֮ʣ˱Ż֪㡣
Ūʪëͷϣһˮȣʶ̫ѣˮ˯ȥˡ
ʣµģʲô֪ˣֻ֪Լܲ˯ˣʮܡ

ʱ֣֪ˣ涯̲ѹ˯һ̫ȵľͷʹµĸое𵴡

߲ˣûʲôθڣɫ΢Щ԰ף̳࣬Ҳ˵̽ιȥ£Ϊ͵һ԰ף֪ˡ

໹ͷе㷢ˣҰջݵˮȡ
Ұջ¶ǣȽ֪ɵɹɣƽʱˮȡ
»佨ģǳݣϻۣȾջ̸ģҲѧ
¾ãܶ򲻵Ķ洦ɼɽʮòϰ֪˻ӵȥɲҶԼȣ˻һЩϼңֶǮҲ򲻵

̵ͷ˵ͻطˣҪϴòӲȥˮ
ˮʱ¥˹ף񣬿Ҳ⣬ѵ˵һ䣬ɣȻˮҸ͹ȥ

̲Ŀ¥˹һۣ¥˹Ѿƿˣ۾·ûڴ
Եʣûƽʱĵĵͷлл
˵仰̵ת뿪˼軹Уת£ظ˵˾䣬ллˡ

ȳţ̲ź֪챳˺ʹһɫ·
¥˹ҲǴһڡ

̽Ųһ٣֮ǰûע⣬žòԾ米˶֪ϤιˮõĲƿӡ
ĲƿѲ˱ʱ򣬻֪ϣ

ٴŤͷһۣ˰ĲĻӳϣģ
ͫ׺ܺڣ΢΢Źںͷϴ˳ϺõĶӡ
˰һﻭ

ʲôû˵ˣ˳ȥ˺¥˹Ťͷۿյſڡ
򴽡

ûϴ·ϴϴ˯ˣ·
ҹӳϹʱûѣӢԭ׼ģסˣС˯ɣӲ

ԱߺŹǷЦһ

಻һƽϵģΣ̲סΪ˵һ䣬컹ǳء
Ѻûٳԡ
̾ã۴֣˼ƽϣºͺԸһ¾͹һ£ص˼ûйΪѺЩⲻԣʵҲ˵ʲôġ

ЩҲסһ䣬ӡ
תˡ

⻰Щˣͨ죬ӢվԱҲˣüȻĸ첲СοˣҪԿҲͦõġ
ôã˺ܴ󷽣ЩƽûʲôӢ̡
ÿÿ˵Ļ̼ãôô⣬ҲûҪȥʲôǼʣ˭أ

ͷҲŲ
ô˵ﻹЩѹǰ֮ԲҺ߽±˵л
ڣֻǾ̻ЩСë˻ǲġ

ôţŤͷ۴ϻ˯̣ɴʣ˯˺ɣһ㶼Ϊ˲ҧÿԸȵĳҲҪӹϡ
ŮֻһĺͶ̿㣬ţƿƤϵ·һֻȴڱϣż̵ø߸ߵģ˯˲棬ﻹʱʱư£Ҳ֪εʲôóԵġ
ûûεСӡ

࿴ЦˣɲǸСӣ֪㣬С

һ˯ĺܳڶѾˡ
̴ӴЩ£ΪԼԵʣԼ죬ϾͦģһעܾҪˡ

ǰ컹˵˳ˣϹȥΪ˳ߵС·һע﹡ͷײʯͷҵ˵ʱѾûˡ
̾ǽȽϺá

ԼɣҲͲˣ֪ӷͿҲڡ
Ťͷ˿棬治֪ʲôʱ꣬ʣأôǼ
һȦûǡ

͵ȥ޺ӵˣͻȻ꣬ӳĺɽˮ˹ȥޡ
ԸȥйŮͬ־ͲԸȥˣʪģ󻹵Ϲ

̵ͷҲûˣŷֱȥ˳
û취ߣֱƿ֪ķ䡣
Ϊû˵ģ֪һƿţͶһ˫ƽӡ

ڴϣһڿƺЩ⣬Ȼ·ʲôûһͷе顣
ֻ¶ͦٵıͰĶͷ

̶£ԥһ󣬻ǽݡ
߹ȥʱ۾ʶ͵͵ڴϵ¥˹ϿôŲ˵۹⡣

ҲΪ⣬һʱûעǰ·ͷײŰϣ顪һ
󣬵ⰲĿռԵΪ

סײ۵ĶͷʶŤͷ¥˹ף̧žȡ
ĴλһٽŰ

Ҳ֪ǲ̵Ĵ¥˹￴Ц⡣
Цת˲ţķ·ûгֹһ㣬ȥʱѾͷȥˡ

ҲٴȥͷϽȥ˳

ԷʱͻȻ룬ҪҸ¥˹ĺܲ




18.  ʮ          ̾㡭

̾룬Ҳ֪ԼôͻȻðô뷨뷨һ˲Щղסˡ
ԺѾţһߴ˰Լϴ·ÿͶ󻹹ɻ˻ϸչˡ
ÿһ¹żĩȥسǣԼԼᣬһʳԡ
죬˾һ飬Ŀſ߿һǶ飬ÿͬһѧԺѧϰһ𡭡

붼ۣڻ᲻ռ˼ұˣռҲûʲô
ôһ룬̾ҸҲ

ȥĶңеͷˡ
Ҫ־سǵģڶԴԽִѾʲôϣˣֻԼԽԽù
ֻܴӼ֪ѡ˼ԡ

ȿ϶ҪųѧũͲ˵ˣǮҪѧũ֮ǰȷ˵ϲȻûǸ˼ھǸ˼Ҳϸš
ѧũòϲǹңЩġ

ʣµľֻг򶫡Ŵɽ¥˹׺佨ŴɽУѾжˣǶӳҲܲ˱ü⣬ûʲô޵ġ
佨ҲȻһ㣬ǿܿɻڿ죬򵥣ԡ

¥˹סû
¥˹˰ģûʲôƢĪЩо˺ܶʱǲ˼ƽ϶ѣʵеﶼܱ˿ĸ͸

üΣ̶оԼ͸ˡ

̾˿Ȼһڷ
Σյ뷨ҪãôΪ͵ɳ£Ҫ֪ˣǵôȡ

ôţ̸Ͻ˻ԴͼԺ뷨ε

磬СһЩ£ɫģϿźĻ·һ꼴١
ˣĸ࣬ǵãʱÿ̨½ӣĸѧʱᵽغȥˣΪԵʻϼѧÿ꺮غȹģԶ̨Ϥ
һ̨½Ƕʱ䣬غ½ҲܵӰ죬Եصǽˮ࣬hʡǰغʡݡ

ճ극ûã̶ӳðˣŻǹȥæ޲ֿ⡣

򶫽Ϊ˵һԷҲûǻʱȫʪˣʱҲûʲô£ӳںӵǾƴڣĵׯ
Ǽ֪Ƚܸɵģ¥˹ײ˲Ƕֵĺһ㣬˿
ڳԷʱ򣬶Ѿˡ

̶ӳǵʱڴϢ̼˼æ·´ҲϽѧ

ֿװǰʱ絾ʳ̺ܶණģҲ֪ЩŪʪˡ

·ûãԭ粻ȥģʪ·ϴ˻ûɣڿϡ
һ꣬ҶЩԲ˺ü硣

ԺſڵĲ̶ӳϽȥøϴûõ·Ͼ
̶ӳȥˣǿ㣬ֿǱ©ˡ
˵˾С뿪ˡ

תȥ֪ˣɤӣѧũǰˡ
̿滹µ꣬뻹ǽԼĴɡϣͷϰëȻ죬ҲҲ֪ʲôʱ
ʱС£ҪǰȥãûȥΣˡ

ǲ׼ɡģ̴˾ҲԼɡ

򶫿һۣʲôû˵

֪˼϶ӵ˵л
ɳǲֺ˸Щô˵ԼԿˡ

ķ̻ãԼʱǺǿӲģɲʲôԸԿҲҪάֱƽˡ

̵ɡܴžͽɡٸˣǰ¥˹׺佨סҲɡ
¥˹ûʲôӦ佨ŤͷЦлˡ

ҲЦЦ

ֿ֪ⲢԶֿҲںɽߣһ㣬Ǳ߻м˼ң֪ȫźɽˡ
֪Ӻһͷģͷûк˺ӾͿˣ󱻶ӳĳ֪㡣
ֿ⣬ǰסĺ÷ӣǽשͷģǰЩЩ˶Ӷҵ߰ģڣһֿ⣬ȻͺķӺá

ǵʱѾмæˡ
̶ӳҲָ޷ӣܵݶȥʳеʳʪˣҪŪһȥõʱɹɡ
ֿߵ˲࣬ܶ˶ȥӵȥˣǱ߹غ°ճɡ

̶ӳǹ˷ֳӣ֪ӣŮ֪ʳ͵שͷ
̺ܲұֵשͷ
᲻öϵɡ㽫ɡڲӼ䣬˫ֽӹеһשͷȻһ·վ·ˣЩ˽שͷ͸ݶϡ

û¥˹ףʶ˲ֿԱӡ
ֿԱǸʮ̫̫̼һΣ˵ʱڴ˼ҵѾߣǲֿⷿˣӱȽѡֿԱʱԸ¹ˣ˵ԼⷿϤ
ܶͬʱڴ˼ҵѾߣɲǱĶ𣿹ҪչˣԺ˲ֿԱҲ⡣

ֿԱ죬ر࣬Ҳֲֻֿ֪ԱЩᣬֱģһߣ¶ЦĿţݻƻƵģ룬ŷ쿴Ŷˡ

ЦǺ֪࣬ˣ

ľнӹשͷ
һõ֣תߣȫûҪ˼

תû߼Ϳ¥˹״ӷ

ˮʪ·¶޳ĺ󱳣խϸ

̲ס࿴ۣҪƿߣͻȻںڵӡ




19.  ʮ         ̱Ƭ衭

̱Ƭѳ¥˹߹ȥ, ͱ˻λӣ׻ţݶ϶žҲ֧Ųס, ҪˤɲʲôС¡
ӳͱȽȥλ¥˹ڵ¡

̵ǰû˵ʲôбŵƬݹȥ
첻̫, Ӻͼ򴦻һѴɡ, ΢΢, ԶЩȻ

¥˹׸Ӻܸ, Ҳû˵ʲô, ǰһȥеĺɫƬ, ǴԱһéݶ, ʱ, ֺɫƬȽϴ, ׾ˣ̱ڻʱСġ

¥˹ʱ̲סСһ, 㣬ˤˡ?״ֵʱˤ˺üƬ, ƬԽԽ٣Ӿ, Ϊǲֿ⣬Ҳû͵

¥˹һ
ɡܴƫӶ㿪ɡĺܳ, ´Եʣûô壬ӦʱͷһֱӴһ۵Ķ
Ӧַ·һ£һ

Ҳһ£ûôϣɫܿƽղŽƬ˵ʱҲ˱ˡ
Ϊ¥˹Σ˺ǺܱأղˣֱӺ̽ȥһЩߴһţˡ?Ķɡһ㣬滹з磬˿Žʪ̵

¥˹׿ٽӹеƬ
α̵֣ܿԥ̣̽ɡã̧ЦЦֲ̧˲ϵˮ

¥˹׳Ĭһ£۵ӣû˵ʲôתˡ
ֻǣ±Ƭָȴ̲ס£üͷоĴ·ڡ

̼̬ȣıӰƲƲ졣

æһ磬֮˾ͻȥˣû취ޣһֻֿ߲꣬޺˲ſԡ
ղ̶ӳ˼ǰѲֿ߾޺һ㣬°ˮ࣬ѩʱ޾ˡ
ֿ⽫ʳһ֣һ־Ųĸ߸߶ţŽϱˣȻܵǲҪʪ

ϧ첻Ըϳ극̻ΪڿϢһˣû뵽ӳˡ
ҹȥ˲ֿʳ

̵ʱѾæˣŮԱСݴɨҲ֪жûסˣһɹζϳʪǲš
ŮԱҪɨһ飬ʱʳߣӳʪʳܾô棬֮ǰǷũõģڷҲû취¡

ɡ˽ʳ˹ʱҪɡꡣ

ϵģһֱȥ֪˶ˣоֻŶѾ̧ˣµ·Ҳȫʪˣ극ϴ裬ں󱳳ǰϴˡ

¹ʱû֪ˣұ䵽̫ͬˣ΢ĵƻʲôûС
ڶӳ¹ʱͳȥˣſڵ˵ȣûȵǣǿ˲ֿԱСϡ

Сȷֵ۾һֱӳ߹ˣ֪࣬Ұ
˵¶һΪ˧ЦݣƫһЦرԣе

̵˽˲ϳ˭üͷתҪߣСΪûϳԼҪﺰһ䣬֪ࡪ

̽еɡתһȦɡϵˮȥС̲סһ
С˰ϵˮ̿첽ȥıӰԱ˭ʱЦһҿϵŮˡ?
ǰˣһθ޺Ťͷһۣˡ
У»ΪԼϲ
Ժ˶ԶԶġ

Ӿô󣬾СϣĴҲ١⼸춼꣬ӳʳˮʪˣһֱֿߡ

СǲֿԱ̫̫ӣæˣ֪࣬ﻹаѴɡ̶ӳ붼ͽߡ
ֿһʳѾ˵˸ڷڵҪǰæƬש顣ݶƬҪ⣬ǽҲҪһ£еĵطѿˣеĵطжжɲУ

˵ʵڻ˶˵ˣ˭ҪǷһֻֻи˵ķݣһٻȡ
ûԹ⣬˵˵ʱ֪ͷֹһֻܷʵĴ󣬵ʱ֪ˣ򶫡ŴɽѧũӢֻܻ㣬Ǳ֪סˣһ⡣ʱӶûԣÿһ¾ͺڣҲⰡô벻أ

ҲöģСʱ˵жèģϴѧ˵еĵطгèϰߣþ档

ôţ¹ص֪ûãСϾ˹ģһͬĻ¥˹ס
̽磬û¹Ȼˡ

ҲһۣڸĻʱǷԱǰͶٺͶģڲֿæΪҪϣԼǷԱǵķֶ࣬´淴ϹһѴɡǰ˴æǷԱҵ
ǿһ㣬ÿһ¹壬ߵʱߣ˱ֵôʵڡ
Ҳ¼ǷԱ˷֡

Ѿüûгˣϴ⻹û꣬᲻ó
֪ô죬һͳԲ˼ˣǰҲ͸ˣԭĸڳҲ֪ʲôһγ⻹֪ʲôʱءοɻرΪȺǲƾʲôԼҪɻҪṩ⣿
붼Ļš

ĥһ磬̾װ岻ȻԼС
̿ٻصûԼǰʱѬ⣬ʱȣⲻܱʱ̸̫ɴѬ⣬Եʱһˡ

óۺһЩϣҽ⳴ˣǸζ̫أɢȥ˻ʵͲˣԾԼԵ̲˱
˳̲ˣֳֻװģһû˳ԹȻõٽֻ̲˷ŵһ𳴣Ҳᷢʲô

ôţ̸Ͻ׼ٺŪڣһãʱ̫
ú̽ѬĭȻ̲˽һţһԣȽĲ˸ˡ

Ӻ˿ϣЩԱߣ˳ӣӺͶǷһ𳴱ȽϺóԣǳҲУϳԵģ
˿ϵʱ̿ʼˣ۹һִֵĳȻгΣûŪۣϸӣ³ûˡ
ϣϽ˿ʢϴ˹ȥһѲ𣬵ȹ˺͡

̲˱ʱ򣬻̫󣬽Ž壬Ĭ˲ӣȻ󽫱˸ߣεӡ

̵ղãֱǺֵģıִ࣬мѹʱ֭㡣
̽ӹʢȻӿڴͳԼ׼õֽϴģֽҲûӣſãû뵽óˡ

̽ȵ̲˱Žֽã飬˻ˣֱû˷䣬ҲûŽó̫㣬ױ˷֣ɴڴñӰá
ʱҲʲôˣڱӻ᲻Ⱦ̲˱ζҲܣϿԳôҶ˯˿͵ԡ

ţﻹЩ̿첽صϽꡣ
̫ˣ²죬ΪӦòôӽȷ磬ѽеǵζȵ

Աʱ˳׷¹ˣȻһ߳һ߿

һʱ򣬳ͻȻ汻ƿ

ʶŤͷȥȻֱӶһŲĿֻűڳԣ˿һӦǲϽʣµı
ƽʱ֪˻нŲ˵̲ǺܵģҲû뵽ô׾ٱץס
ԵչĹĵģ϶ͣеˣȻûŶۣ֮ͱˣһһƴ

꣬Ťͷ鿴ˣ¥˹ƺҲЩסվſڰû
۾͵͵һֻȥ̨ϵһֻ

¥˹ע⵽ˣĬһ¡

ʱ򣬿Ǳߴ̣㡣??϶һ٣Ȼ¥˹׵ע¿ٽ̨ϵı

ûӦֺһ̡?
̵Ͻˡ?˵žߣߵ¥˹ʱʹеıһСֺõġ?˵һӣҶߣ˳ȥ
С꣬ܵʱסͷ

Զˣ¥˹׻ĳ˵ûæأ˭Ұ?û˿ĲȻ

¥˹׵ͷϻȺı΢΢

Ժ濴һܲ뿴ˣŲſͣ£ûҪǰ̸˼üʲô?Сһôˡ

󿴵̣һˣ·ҲˣɫĴվڴſڿ
ҲûǰȥʣСȻòÿӻͦߵģߣҲʶСϣֿԱ̫ŵӣ̫һ࣬ÿȥֿù߶Ҫ˵Щҵһ
СǶֺУȻ֪̿ˣﻹЩþ
쳤⿴

֪Ҳ棬Ȼûֵôԣ䡣
ϻ¶ֻЦ

С϶֣һ

̾ԼϵûôãֱҡҡͷһҪ˵ɣϽȥء?˵תҪߡ

СһЦˣˡ?Ťͷ֪Ժӣ˿Щ˼ǽߣܿ˵ߣٸҲˣó
һֻèдǻģСסβͣ֫Сȵ˵š

̵һ
оԼճԵıҪ³ˡ

СϻЦһֺãץģղ¹ʱģû뵽ߵ̫ˡ?ⶫ࣬˳ԣˣ͸ġ?˵һҶðɡ̡

̲֪˵ʲôãŵʶһ
ʹҡͷҲҪԼûȥԡ?һܡ
ЦôܳȻϳܳԵģֻҪһ뵽ⶫĳ࣬û취죬οҲɱ󰡡
ܶҳԡ

Сܾ̾ΪǹԼЦӶˣ۾ϣ֪࣬ⶫȻŪֻҪҳ֣ʱܳԵġ?ץＦҿ
˵ŸԼĴָȻֿЦ˵֪ɵѾã֪ѹ֪㣬ôݰͰ͵ӣһɻͲУ㶼ѡҸ˵ǿֿģ軹͸ŮӳݣҪǸҺã̰㰲ŸɵĻ?
̼Խ˵Խף붼һɫͬ־Ϊ׵ģаɲܳ?
СЦˣһ֪㣬ƽʱɻͰ͵Ϊף㲻ϺȶǺˡ?˵ǰһϵҪݸ̣죬ţǺöɱ˿ˡ??ŵˣ۾СϣһЦеӣֱܡ˵ʵֱڣΪ֪Ҷ֪࣬ҲˣҲô
Сϲһˣ̻ǲֿԱŲǶĹ٣ҪΪҲһģԭĸڳô˵ܰеϣԭĸϡ
ΪѵĿһۣѹƢͬ־ҽ껹û꣬˵ЩŹ˵ġ?˵תܽԺӣһŵģ

Сסˣ֪ࡪ
Ѿˣû١һ

վԺſڣ쳤ӿۣҲΪеＦСİＦ˲ء
Ȼ͵һ䣬Сʲô?һۣתɵˡ

Щ֪ЩˣŮ֪໹һ㣬ӵŮԱˮĸ仨һŮ˾Ӧ̣СֺÿۣƤ׵ĸƵġ
е̫ˣҪ֪϶ͬ⣬֮ǰڼ˵һ֪Ӳã˭Ȣؼ˭ùûһС
뵽˵֪ãСϾӦò̫ѡ

СＦ뿪ˡ

ֱӹս˳սȥž͸˽ɫݣһͳʣе˭ʲô㣿?̣㻹Ҹ˺ãԼأҸ˺ҲΪ㣬һٸһأ˼һͶˡ?
һķʱֱ׳˲û˺ƢŤ˻ȥĸУҸ˭ùʲô£ΪҲƽϾǷŹˣƭߵЩҿɶǵҪң㿴ҸҲұ?˰һô˵˵ʲôãҪǸղŽһܸ߿һۣ𣿡

˵࣬Ͷ˶ûһ
ȷʵңҲ뱻̺Сȥŭһ䣬̣ôˣ?תȥˡ

̶ֻȥıӰƲƲ죬˾䣬ˡ
û˵ƺʲô͵ŤͷȥֱӶһ˫ӣ¥˹ƺЩ̵ķӦĿʶͷܿߡ
ɫЩȻ

Ƥ񣬱˿ԼҲûò˼ݵĳ̨ȥ
Ҫһó𣬾̣𣿡?
̱ûˣˣԳˡ?
ķģҿӺ˿ϣ۾һ˿ϻһ㣬ǴûԹģƽʱԵӣʲôӣֻҪ˾УɫôҲ֪˶ٵϣžͺóԡ
Ȼû⣬ǾãֻҪڣز˶ȱĺóԡ
򶫻´ǰͽ˷ˣϲʡĴҶӴһ£ܲ
˵һ䣬Ժôֲ˰ɣƽ?
򶫾ûʲôͷԡ?
극¥˹ױϴˣֵڣѾ¥˹׵һͨھӿˣȻЩֵû̫뷨
ԼԲʲôϵûУҲûҪ̫˼޹ؽҪϡ
ڱʲôģԭҲԵģЩԵںܲʲôڣȴʵʵ
ˣԭĸĵĸ鱾ˣٷҲǳƽˡ

¥˹䵭̬ȣҲûʲôˣԼԼɡ
ôţ˺ܶࡣ

еĺڳ˵˲ʧ߰˰ˣ򶫽еſ˵Ҷط˯ˣֳ̻ʲôҪĵģȻʣСʲôʱʶģ?
һʣΪֵ֪ӣЩװɵߵʱʶģôˣ
˵껹һ޹

ˣüͷȻҡҡͷԺԶ㣬Сϼ˲ǺǵģҪǣ̫ҪǱϣԿ㡣
뵽ղС϶Ѿҹˣµ̿Ѿˣüͷĸһ䣬㱻ҲҪ£ֱӸ˵Ů֪ܻ࣬ῴ۸Żˣ⼸Ϲ¹һߣ䵥СȻˣ֪Ҳ˭۸ġ?
˵ֶ꣬һȸӵĿԼ֣ôˣ?
ջߣҡҡͷÿЦûʲôһΪҷֳȥأ
ò˵ⷬȷʵЩ֮⣬Ͼӳƽʱıµˡ

֮⣬ûҵʲôˣ֪һͥ˵ڻص˼УֳȥˣҲ᲻㡣?˵̾˿ƽʱôҺ㣬ֻǾ֮أͷ·޸ĸƼԵСܻȣСԵľֵá֪ͬ࣬С죬Ȼǲ֪ʲôʱܻس᲻صٻһ˿ϣڣһǶܻسˣô죿
ҾһСϵһЩСС۾ƽʱһûʲôֻҪžС
ˣ򶫿ܻ̫ģ̣Ͳˣ󲻾嵽ֵ?
ⷬ˵жǼٵģİܱϹţһ¡
̵Ҳʯͷģ֮ǰκ˶һݽ䱸⻰ͻȻһݹУͺԼ֪һԱǽš

򶫻Ϊ̺²˵ϾŮ֪࣬СһҲʵڲУ͸󻺺һ¹ϵȰС˦˵
Сϻ᲻鷳ǸӣҲǻӲģԲʲô

Цˡ
һůóȻϺһЩҲл̵һ档
ص

ڻصڴϺȴһʱЩ˯š
Сϵľûгôǳ֪кüСϾҲûʲôµģܲȫˣһؼǣһǣܺߡ
ҪΪ۸֪㣬˵ˣ쵼Ҳ£֪ǱƼ˭֪ʲôԹ۸ľĻˡ
Щ쵼Ҳ
С˵ģǲֿԱ軹˭ݣҪǵңڿûʲô£أ

߿ɲǿϾûˣһСʹӣ˿סʲôģʱ޶ûطޡ
ⲻƾģǰǸͬѧ˵г߿ˣΪص쵼ʹӣûܽǶ顣

ԣСϵ
ţһСϣ᲻һССϣĹɲ٣Ҳб˲ϵ£ȥ꣬е¹ں
֮ǰҸǸ̫õ⣬ȴãܻҪһ

£ڴϷȥ˯ţһֱ뵽ҹʲôʱ˯ŵĶ֪صıǳˡ
̫ͷЩۣһϣڻЩò⣬򶫷ڿУֵôãǲˡ
ԳҲûŮĸо
ֻʣ¥˹׺佨ˣЩԥ˷俴컻µ·ʱ˲˴𰸡

ܰϴ·ģһ¥˹ףˡ

˾Ƿ˱ˣܻطֲȥ

̾ãȥ¥˹⡣

ʵԼ⣬佨ȥˣ˧Ըãģ棬ɻڿ죬ɾҲر
ôˣĶȥң

ԼʵҲûʲôԼԺҲԼ

ֻҪˣЩ֮ǰʲô˵ԺһȤء
ôˣ룬ÿҪһЩҪֶˡ

?




20.  ڶʮ         һ¶

һ¶, Ǿǲ׸ıġ

ǳ򶫺ѧũģķҲָʲôζˣֻҪ˾, ҳﵭĸˮһķˣû˵޲ֿ⣬Ż, ˡƽʱϹʱ, Ҳ, м͵͵Ϣһ, ֻҪӳɾˡ
ӳÿ, ֻҪ, ඼ɡ

޲ֿⲻ, ûлĵط, ˵ӳĽ, һͬɻԱҲụߴţҶѲֿꡣ

̳ʳԼ͵͵ص
, һҪ¥˹׵ģ뵽¥˹ףһ, ѾʼԼˡ

̲ס̧ͷ͵͵˿һۣ¥˹б, ȥʱ򣬿Ŀ̫ԣ¥˹̧ͷؿ˹̵۾, ü
ϸѾٽͷȥˣϴһ˿顣

¥˹׽üͷø

緹̺˻صϢ컹ֿ꣬Ǳ߻вæǴüȥֿ
ʳѾ˵Ƚϰȫĵطô̫ˣϳ극Ϣһ

ڴϵʱ͵͵ڱ̲˱⼸̲˱һҲûóꡣ
󣬾ڴϱϢ˶ڴϺ̲ŴӴȻ´Ǳó

Ȿ黹ԭʱո͸ģСɵġ¹ĲãͰⱾó
黹ǰЩϵõʱģҲ࣬ܶ˿ΪǽôֵģҲΪ⣬ոŸ̴ϣ˼ʶ֣ʲôӰ졣

ԭƺ̫ϲ飬ôãⱾһûзµһǼһҲ飬ȻⱾҲỹԭ

֪㣬Ҳֻ¥˹ʱʱóһǺܺã鶼ǰĿα

ɵġⱾǰСѧʱıضĿдУСʱ򿴵鲻࣬ⱾӡΪ̣ڻǵһЩ
ԭ￴ϰⱾ飬ЩԾ

Ҳʲôѧϰˣʱ俴飬˯

̿ڴﻹһš
ǻû˯ţҪȥ̧ͷһۣ̣ȥĶ
ǽǱߵĴɡɫȻ˯ţЩ꣬ȥ顣
˵Ż̾˿·ıʲôסһ

˲⣬һߴϵĺЦôʲô󣬽СԵͷתģôأ
˵֧ӣЦ̣˵㣬СһȻóЩŶĵģҪǿǣɾûˡ

֪ǹ˵ģΪںˣ䴦õķӡ
ȥ¥˹ףԱ˳˼ֳӣ۾Ȼôϲҽܸɡ
˵Ťߣ׵ı˦һȣһˡ

״Ц۾ˡ
͸ˡ

ЩԼôһ䣬ΪΪ·ĵģŤͷΪʲôҪӣԲ㣿֮ǰ˾ʱ̿û侮ʯôһˣǰҲûٺȡ

ⷬɫֱӺŤͷӣθһˣ˵ôóҾҪڹԸ⵱ӣҡ
˵ֱӷ㡭

౻òᣬ챿û̻˵ֻǾĺ

ӢȥˣСֹһȻộǾͱ԰ռŴҵıˣûռıˣǵ㹤ҲιԼѣ֪ĻΪǷʲôء

λ˵ˣͷڱ˯һ㣬ûʲô
ֻǹһͻȻؿ󣬵ﰲһƬϸġ
ӢɲƢһӲˣӢû˵ֱЦһ
ģǽƽʱѧ˸ʮ㣬

̵ǲ֪Լߺ󷿼ô֡װģɡȥ˳˳й˼ͣŰǰȻ͵͵䵽Ű

û˵һɣ²ѾϢˡ뵽ﵨӴЩὫŰƿһ죬ȽϰͺϷӣǰҲ͸⣬Ҳı˿
֪෿žͰ¥˹׵ĴҲô˯ģֱӴԱߵĲ˸ϸϸľȻŴŷȥϵ¥˹ס

Ĺˣ֪һˡ
һ٣ҪҪٹһ£ԥţͿŰͻȻƿһЩʶ̧ͷڴβϵ¥˹Ŀԡ

һ飬ЩҶߣסͷϴĳ嶯СЦÿģֶ̧Уʾһ¡

¥˹׿˵

ܾƤһ䣬㲻Ҿһֱ㡣
۾գգŹɵĲС

޹ı˵Ļ

¥˹ױȲû˵ʲôӴˡ

¥˹׽˳عŰںá
±˵ֱߵſվţ֣Цһãﻹ˸ͣ

¥˹ԥһۣȻ̧ų߹ȥˡ
ĵطվס˾䣬ʲô£
䵭ģһǧ֮ӡ

϶û°̿Խû±¡
ͷΪѱ顣

û뵽ǣ¥˹ײһףֱӵûҾͻȥˡ
˵껹תҪߡ

һ飬Ҳߣò׽˽гģôᡣ
ֿץס¥˹׵ĸ첲üŤͷʱڨڨɿ֣ҲˣЦһɣģ¥֪࣬ҽϿϴ·ˣܸжܹȥϴõ·濴˿Ȼϴ·츳ϴ·ָɾûӣҾҲûĲŻ

¥˹׿ںΪϷŪԼûȥ˼̧žҪˡ

ȥקûק첲ֱקĴ֣޳ȡ
ס·һｹҴˣҴˣðɣҳϣף㿴Ժܲÿϴ··ҲǰϴģÿܻһαӳԣҵӦ֪ģ㲻ԿͶϴ·ѣ·ֲ࣬¾ˣҴСţرϴ
һ˵Żӿڴͳ̲˱ǰ˻ΣһӵģûԶٰɣųԡ

¥˹ûнǰıŤֱһ䣬ѡѧũףӦú⣬Ҳϲϴ·鷳֡
ܾĺܸɴ࣬˵ͷ˽һ֣ʾſ

̲ſսܹϵУѧũϴΰ˼ˮϲȷܾң϶ˡ

¥˹׶£Ȼüֵ佨Ҳϴ·

æҡͷ̫ˣزס£ҵı֪ˡ

¥˹Ȼ֪ʲô˼ıҪײҲҲɵܺѧյһȥɼҲѧһ˵⡣
ʵǸ¥˹Ҳԣ֮ǰ̸ģĻԳˡѾˣûҪǱҲûỵ̃

¥˹Щ꣬Ҳ֪ʲôֻĪָооԼҪǵͷⱲӺͰѲˡ
˵һ֣಻˵
˵Ťͷ̣һЩҲʲôˡ

ѾƹˤˣҲ£붼ҡͷеģһϴ·˵ӣͬġ

¥˹ͻȻһȦԼʵѡ

ٴο̣Ҳ̧۰ͰͿСƨ¥֪֪֮࣬Ҫﻥģϴ·Ұ㿪С㿴ǵĹϵгѰ¥֪࣬ôãһͬĶ԰ɡ

Ӧ̵¥˹ֱӳ֣˵һ䣬ǾԼϴ
̶̼֣˵ǽһĮ顣

ͷҲأֱӳǸȥ
̿ıӰûˣǵߵŰʱͻȻ˵ŶоͲаɣⱾҲͲȥˣôõ飬˷ˣ
̾һȻɵġ˷ݶ¥˹Ǹ

¥˹״Űһ٣վԭûˣҲ֪ʲôûסͷ
û̵ֻٵø߸ߵ飬ߺܺãһ۾Ϳ
Ȿӡ󣬻ûǰʦڿ˵Ȿ飬ΪǴEģԿӡĲǺֻ֪ܶ࣬
ܹܶ궼ûҵôû뵽оУҿİװ

¥˹׿û˵

̼þգеƣ¶һ˫ЦüۣϲϲⱾܺŶǼҵղأʱʲôûֻһѧϰĶϲⱾ飬ɼⱾжá
ңҰҲ֪ʲô裬ͻȻҼ˲Ӧ¸³͵ˣҪǸŽѰʱҾͽ㿴

Ҳ֪Ǿ仰̫¥˹ûоܾˣЦݲõӣ죬һӦһ䣬á

ȫû۸˵Ծ쳯ܹȥϵͱݸ˻ļһɫ¥֪࣬Һܿ㡣
˵Լ̲סЦˣǣ֣ס£졣
˿ǰȷſ֣תɡˣıӰ͸¶Ϣ
ȷʵģһͳˡ

¥˹׿ʧſڣӹһ˿ײա




21.  ڶʮһ         ¥˹Ǹ˵

¥˹Ǹ˵, ȻӦ˰ϴ·ǲǳԱģͻȥ
ƽʱĺ, ֻڶĸѣһͽµ·óһľѵģǵ·

֮ǰ·ÿϴ˳ϴ, ΪҪϴ·, ±˿ɲõӰ, Ҳڶϴˡ
ȥʱ, 컹Ǻڵ, , ߵ淿ſ, ſһѴɡ, ĳ˹·ʱ˵ĺ, һȥ

Ŷ淿ŹصĽģָʲôˣɡ, ֱӱһ·ȥˡ

֪λÿɽߣɽһǶ, е˰ĺɻ, ÿĩʱӻ֯һź㡣
¥˹ʱ೤ǽģܴСڹùüٻûжĲӦ, ˵֪˼ѹ֡
źû˵ż죬ȻҲġ

¥˹׽ɡڲϣɡֱܴӽסȻ·óʯϡ
ƽʱϴ·õǣ̲ϴ·ˣͽһѸ

¥˹ϴ̵··ʯϴʪȻ·ʼ꣬ϴĺ档
·ëһ׿ӣ£¥˹ǰסùüʱȫҵ·ϴģҲûʲôŮ֣֮ѾϰΪˡ
̺ɫСС£̲סЩ
ЩգŮҲ֪˵ʲôá

̵˿ӣĸڷܻ֯ʣһЩӣĸҲǳˣõõ鲼ӻǿԵġ
ԭƤۣʱ޲ִ޲ϲ

¶ĸģĸɣĻʱӣǺıȻӣǰõʱŮõҲ˹ڣһȳΪֻŮĺ̫󣬲̫ʺϻŮԡ
ĸҲһ·۸񻹲ˣһؾͲˣԭ֮ǰĸǸʽԭ˺üСڿ㡣

ԭû׼¥˹ϴµģ룬һӸ
ܸ̫ΪʲôĿģȻȷʵĿģڻ

¥˹ӣҪǲһ㣬зӦġ

֪㣬ϲ¥˹׵Ĳһˣ纫ֱ緽󡣵ܿó¥˹׺֪¡
¥˹ϲ֮ǰҪ֮ϵ

ϵ¥˹׻ص֪㣬˶û·ɹϣȻ˷䡣
ʱѾˣһƣڴϣƺûá

¥˹׽˸Ƿ˰ͷҲûмͷĵطܶԱӸӵͷϱȻͷƤѪǺ£еպЩûʲô⡣
֪˲Ϥû˸ͷسͷӣͷһҪë壬˵̫ˡ
ţ̽һ¡
ôˣһ䡣

¥˹׽ľŵԼף⻰϶һ٣Ȼһ
ź裬ѵЬϴڴͷǽλ£ͷں󱳣ƽɫͻȻ˼ɣСͷԱߵ顣
ⱾѾ˶ʮҳˣÿһҳʮ棬һֶ᲻ôĵطҲûҳⱾ£·ûһ¥˹׾͸᲻ƻˡ
Ȼ˵ҪⱾ͸¥˹ҲûҪռôıˣŽⱾ鿴ٻ

ʱ򣬾ͻȻһУֱ佨˼֣֪ҪԷˡ

Էʱ򣬳򶫾͸˵ͷ£ûʲôͬģ붼͵ͷаøǣҪʹɣ϶۵ֻ˯ˡ
˵꿴ˣѯʣҪҶͷɣ񶼺ܳˡ
¥˹ϣͷҲˣˣò忡̵ӣǴ߳ϵС

¥˹׷·ûע⵽Ŀ⣬ͷԷ

극佨ҲһˣʲôʱܿҲһͷ̣ϽҲһ

¥˹׾˵Щ˳ߣ˿õʱ򣬾ͿѾˣͷ̣żģͷ
ɫһ档

佨ľ棬¥˹ѧũߣ˾䣬ʲôǣ

ѧũûü˵ŴɽͺͷЦҸӳģ̼̫ˣֱùӳˣ˵治ƶӳͷģ˲侫ˡ
Ҳ˵ÿ;˿˺ܶ࣬ЩͷȫһͷӣǳͷӣҲûôģֱƽŲʲôͻʲôء
ôţҶȿֺԼʺʲôͣܲܰҲ㡣

һ߼ͷһ߻شǵ⡣

¥˹û˵ԥƬ̣佨Աߡ

£ӻûȣͱ
վڳǰѣˣѾˣá
ſڵϣ¥˹λұ¹սǴվԱߣͺ˳һ

Ŵߴ٣̫ˣҪҲҪҼǾ͵ɣҲҪϢԼǵõˡ
˵ֱӽղųõë¥˹ײΧסֽԱ׼õһˮ¥˹׵ͷһʪ

¥˹ЩڵλϣҲôôֵԼˣҲû˵ʲôֻ˳һˣЩĽ¥˹ãöȣһֵˡ
¥˹׼żͣʻʲôʶͷܿߣյͷ̧̾°ͣͣҪô

¥˹ʶһŮ˵޻оס°΢΢Щȡ
ЩڵĴ۾˾䣬𣿡

̽ջȥԼ°ͣ˼ĵͷӦÿˡ
˵Ӹ¥˹˸֣Ȼʼһļ

ȻûѧʲôִôҲ̳̣ƽʱԼͷģֱĿҲǸˣּ򵥵ļ˵ֱС˼

ͷ͸üҲֻ̫֪ˬĶ̷Ƕӳͷ͵ԵʣʺԲ磬Բһ˲üԦ̽ͷһ㣬̶̵ֶķɻͷҲó˼ʵࡣ

¥˹ײʺͷʸɾʺˬˬķͣ̽¶䣬ǣͷ֣ס࣬üëȻ
ͷϸ̼ܶ࣬úŸëʪʹ˲£ͷˬ

ʵû٣ֻǼһЩ¥˹˿ž͸ǰ˺ܴı仯Щ
֪ļûߣԱ߿ֹǣҲڣ̾ôͷЩ˼飬佨˳̣ҲҪ
¥˹˵ĺÿÿе㲻ˡ

Ҳ⣬վ¥˹ǰͷϲŪš

¥˹ЩĽӴЩڹˡ
û˵

̷·ûĲڣЦпˣóǰ¥֪𣿡

¥˹۾ˣһʱЩסѾܾûչȻԼӣĪЩİ
û˵۾ͷϣ˵ʵ֮ǰ̵Ĺӡ󣬾Ǹ׵ˣûʲô̫ϣԼͷͻȻãܶЩ⡣
٣Լ˳Ըʲô¶С

̲֪¥˹룬¥˹׵ͷͲ붯ˣֱ˵ԼҪϢˣһţֱӴŹǷˡ
ڰ֣ɡ
һĲеӡ

¥˹׵ͷϵ鷢Ū佨һĽĸߣСãպþԱߣȻͷľˡ

¥˹ЦЦ˵֪뵽ʲôӹһĨ˼
ûǴĻʱĻѧũ




22.  ڶʮ         ֿߵĻ

ֿߵĻǽ, ǽ޺úԽСʳŲ˻Ц˵ԼӶûôڡ
ȷʵ, ⽫ݶƬ¾ͻ˺üĹеĵطľͷˣЧҲԵģﶼеط©, Ӳ©, ǽڵҪ򵥺ܶ, Ҫ, ķ, ܶ඼Լ˽ġ

ֿߵķһ, ûͺ, ѿ, Щ, һһ϶Ǿѿש鷿Ӱȫһ㡣
˶ǽǽ, ͽ϶ʵʵģ϶ﻹ˲ľм, Ͳѿˡ

һ죬̱˸ɨĻ, Ҫģնӳ˼׼ЩæʳԱɡǸԱɡ, Ǹʳɡ
ɣȽˣɡִ󣬾һλãһֱôžЩˣԸɣ겻ͣţʳ꣬뽫ɡٵԶԶţһʪˡ
ϴͷ˾Ͳãʱķ̫ˣҲ᲻á

˾ϳŵʱ죬̫ҲĽ·óɹ
Ӧȫʪˡ

ɨŻʵҲǶֻЩɻѣԼ⡣
ûԽǰûʲôҪģˣϰ¾͸ɾˣҲϴϴͬѧǱѾ㲻ˣܶ˶᳴

̸Ǻģɨصʱɨر¶ӳûһߴա

ǲ̶ӳò֪뵽ʲôͻȻ̺һԣһˣ˵æдһƪ棬ʳʪд˵Ĳһ㣬쵼
˵⻰ʱСƺ±ϴһĨ˼û취ʱӸ쵼޲ҵģһܶ£Ҷܵõķ˵ȥ꣬ڹϱʮʳȻ쵼Ŀ佱붬ȴòڹʳԡ

ʮʳȥǧ

ǿˣʲôûԼԱҪֻгԱ˶ӣԱɻԸĻ
˵֪࣬ϴ˵ĻǸܸɵģôܲܰ죿

ϴ̽˻ס龰ʱ˵Щȷʵмֵд£ȫӼȲһ֪ඥãǰû뵽뵽ˣÿԡ
ô˵ģӱ֪Բ˼

Ȼһ̶֪ӳҪʲôˣ¶һҶı顣
Ϻϵ˵̫ˣҰֳÿϴ򱨸涼Ұæдģ쵼˽ǵĿ˫˵Ǻ£ӳģ°ϡ

⻰ֱ˵̶ӳĿȥˣԭЩ˼̸׶ɹ£˲ԼЩһˡ̼ﱳϣǻеĸأһ٣ȻΪʲôŮӵһ̸ֱ֪಻һ
ȻҲһֻ۱һֻֻۣһ뵽ḷ̌øҵĺӸӦòһ

̶ӳ̹ҵ£˵ͳ쵼֪ǵĿ˲䲻ͬˡ
⿴һۣЦбˡ

ҲģֵֺͷϣֻҪɺˣԺ¿϶䵽ͷϡ
Ͼѧٻͬѧڴ˾ʵϰûѧ˼ʹϵı쵹Щ飬ţһκ϶ܵõٺô

ôţ̾Ϳ汳һ¨ʳ¥˹ס
Ǹɵģ˶һ̧һ˿һ¨¨ܴһ㶼ñⵣģϵסֱ״ڿӿֲ꣬ڵ˿ѹ󱳣ȻûۿǶĳ϶ˡ
˰׾Ⱦɫ߹Ŷˮ飬Ҳ֪ȵĺˮܵˮ
ںƤ𪡣

¨ĶЩƺ¨ʳˡ
¨ŵʱһ£ƺЩʹüͷ

ɫȻĳ߹ȥȷ˵˵һ䣬Ҿڱϣ㺰һأðɣԼˡ

¥˹׿һۣû˵Ҳûܾİæ

ֻס¨£˿ûɾëϸ̣˻һ

ǰ¥˹Ӧˣ϶£̿ˣߴţʲôأ̫ˣҲ֪ôĶ
¥˹ԥ룬Ȼ΢΢첲Ť£һס¨¡
һͰ̷˴¨սȥ

գգۣԹԸԱߣʵðæˣ϶ûʲôȫ
û֣װģһе¨Ȼ˳ƶһԿ¨ʳ

ʳһĻң̻˻֣һֻȥ¥˹׵졣
ЩСΪûɹʲôػԵʣƤװģ¥˹Ĵ꣬۾͵͵䡣
¥˹׿ʲôϺָܿƽüԹǺˡ
·ǱҳǺһ

¥˹׸ûӦ̻ľٶͻȻ©˰ģŭ

Ҳ֪ŭʲôֻǾٶЩʱˡ

ͷ͵ȥ̵֣ܿüͷŤĽģɫ
¨վתߡ

һ޹ĸվ·׷ʲôͷôˣ

¥˹ŤͷһۣЩ䣬û˵̧žͳš

̿ıӰ꣬ߵſûиȥˡ
һﾯԻͦǿģҲ֪ǲǷʲô
̧Ŀ˿۾
һﴽͦġ

˹ûֱӻ֪㡣
˵һ⼸챻СϾ¹ʱ򶫽һߣСϿκĲˣϹʱǰΣܹܣô죬Ϲͺˡ
֪ҪȥӳҲû룬ֻ·Сĵ㡣
̾ˡ

ߺûã¥˹׾ͺ佨ˣ϶ʪ͸ˣû¶꣬һ磬Ǹһ

佨û̻֣ƽʱȳ쾹Ȼûˣ̲סһ

Ҳ֪ʲô£ֻӳ£ˡ

佨ͷЦ˵һ䣬Ҳ֪ʲô£ˣ粻ڶӳ԰ɣ
һʵԱߵ¥˹ףЦģǴȤĻȴǷǳĽ
öӳķ˿϶֪ĺóԡ

¥˹˲˵򴽣ֱ̧ˡ

ȷʵڴӳԵģҲɵٳԵĲͰ׸ɻ
̵ڹ˼ü˼ζʣȻʱʱһʲ̶ӳ쵼ϲá
̶ӳֻӵСӳ˵ʲô쵼ϲˣس쵼ֶвȫĿİͰ˵һЩûʲôõϢ

̰һһ㶣ѾͷǸбµģû˵󻰡
Ȼôʵϣоġ
뵽ﻹмңԼҶˡ

ȷʵҶˣĲУֿ޲ˣ뵱ϴѧͷȥ˴дӣӹǵĵ
ߵһʸˣһ飬СǻԱ˵ЩǮĹдĺöˡ

һţһ߶ддһֺÿĿ飬ȻǦʣȲ̶ӳǰдĹֺÿˡ
ְѲ̶ӳһ㶣ĸ߿һۡ

Ȳ̶ӳдĳɸ壬۾ˣǿͶ˵Ӷֶѣúÿһ٣ʲôֿ©꣬ҹ֯޲ֿ⣬ԥҪҪ̽ô棬һҧôˡдһѣ֪ģΪǴģ֪ô롣
̶ӳãУ쵼ЩҲֵˡ

̸д̶꣬ӳϱͰѷˡ

˳Ƹһԣ̶꣬ӳϱĺ

ĲС

˺󣬲̶ӳ·𿴳ʲôϱվſ쳤ӿûɱ£˲һҪسǵġ

̶ӳϱ˷˸ۣ붼Ѿͷöð۹ŮҪô£ЦҲЦˡ
Լֶ˵ֶʲôãҸƯϱţڶû
ɷ˵Ҳˣ¥˹ףǸҲÿʺŮ

̶ӳһ֪ʲô˼ˣʲôʺϣûŮ󣬼ҲãӺ˵㣬ܵԣ

̶ӳϱһ˵ˣ֪˵ʵڻʲôûҪ˹ŮжϱأʱûΣϱˡ
㲻Щ֪ࡣ

̻ȥˣ·С꣬ӿٶȡ
Զˣθܣ㲻Сܡ

ͷԺӣ·ʲôһ̧ͷͿ¥˹׽·ջȥ
̲סһ㶡

¥˹պ·תҲ̣˶٣û˵ʲô·ˡ

΢ůȻ첽ܹȥյߺƤСһ䣬㲻
ϻȴ·á
˵꣬ϵһڴӳϱҵģ᲻óԣ㡣




23.  ڶʮ         ֿ޺ú󣬡

ֿ޺ú, ҾͻָϹˡ
ʱµƵˮӵ﹡ˣˮĺ
ˮҲܶ, Ǻ··и׶ߵ£Ǻˮǰʱȵʱ, ˮֻϥ, ˮɹˡ
⼸ˮλ, ס·

, Сӵһϲĺ, ·ϱ, 㡣
Ǽ, õ¨, ̵һ̲ס, ̵ģһһ׼

Ҳ˹ߣʲô¨, ֪Ĳӡ
Ϊ̷֣⼸꣬Ϻܳ, ϺҲǺСϺ, ʱû˵ķû˳ԡ

̻¹ʱģЩСϺ̲ܳס, ôû׽
ʻһ֣ⶫôԣȥûӣ˵ܳԣ׽أͲ׽ˣӲֺ񣬻û⣬óԣ˷͡

̲˵Ϲʱʹһӡ
ǲˮȺɽǸҪһ㣬ϺҲ
˹ʹŲȥϺˮ࣬Ϻϲðͷ
Ҳڣһ˵ֶóԻЩš
ִһֱͦµģеЫӣǺɫһɫ޵ĳӶжģȥҲӴŰֶ˳ԡ

̼һӵϺȥˡ
±ƼԱߵסǲرóԣɲñƼˣҶԺǾͳԲˡ
ϴϵʱ˲ۺ͸ɻⶫ˾ͶһЩ
ʪȣʺЩǵ¹ṩġ

Űɣ̵֪գȷʵǲģ˺óԵ̵ͷ
ô󲻳ⶫʲôóԵġ

Ҳ̫࣬һص֪㣬ʹཫСϺȥͷȥϴɾ
ǺģԼ֮ǰСϺȣͷۻٽСϺﱬϺͨһưˮ͸ֵϣڹһ¡
һ֭û˾ͺˡ

ͰСϺִСϺɱˣСϺóˡ
СϺɾҲ֪̳ģΪг󣬺Ϻԣܻ˹ֳġ
ÿϺҪˮݺܾãϺ¸ɾ
Ϻû£ˮɸɾģûлʣûũҩִȻϺֻҪ˾С

ȣҪϺЦ˷ѵϡ
ȹɢζҲ̲סˣ쳤Ӳͣ߿

ֵԶˣͣʿˮ۾ֱǰĹ
˵״̬˼ûȤҲӲˣҲ˵Ҫ۾̿·ȵͷ
Źʵ̲סˣ˵һ䣬ô㣬Ҳ°?˵ĻģҪע⡣

ЦһֲǸԵģ㵣ʲô
˵ƿ׼ʢ˻Ͻƿˡ
ƿǣζ˲ڳˮˡ

һɫ˵ˡ
뵽̶̬ȣЩ

СϺе࣬װ롣
Ե׷˵ҪʳˣβֿʪʳЩʳʪ˴治˶ã쵼׼ÿÿȥ
޲ֿ֪ҲˣӦֵܷһЩԴ鶼׼ݳһأԵ׷

󻹳һӣȻûĺóԣ׺һţžûʲôʳ
̽Щϣ赽˵ϣҲŪŪһ£Ҷ
̽СϺʱ۾ֱˣղǾŵζ¹ʱƼ̸˴һǳӣǼӶƵߣֻǯӼʵۣ֮ǰģ˽ⶫܳԣּĵʱûгԵģ˾׽ⶫԣûˡ
Լģǰģȫˡ

СϺģԶֱ֣ȸԼһС룬ȻǷ֣ʣ°ӣֻʣ¥˹סͺûˡЩ̲ͣܣֱŰСϺȫ¥˹ˣƺùⲻȥִ¥˹гֻ
װֻСϺмһţ˺Ժܴ󣬵Ըǿ

ͺֱӿˣŵ̧ͷ̣ʳʲô˼

Ҳֱ׳˵ֲǴҵģСϺ߼ģҲҺһɵģõĵҲģϴλǮģûһӣԸָңΪмҵչˣʲô°?ԣŵﻹֻһһǵģԵ±Թøж

ͺ˺¶ߺɫֱҧ˭ϡԣߣžᡣ?
ЦһӽеֻСϺߣûнԼǼл¥˹С

¥˹ѵģ׷ˡ
Ա佨ѧũĽѣ¥˹̫ˣ󱻷ֵͺڣȫҲ

¥˹£ͨͨһƬſӵԥ롣

ûļӦ̾첲⵷£Ȼǲԣȫˣ˷ѿɳܡ

¥˹׳Ĭ£̧ۿ¶۾ʲôû˵
ͷԹԳķˡ

Ҳ˵̶˵ˣ˵ЩʲôЩ˵ȥˡ
Ǿ˵Ҳе˿˵ǰ׼ģǰҶԣˣûһӣȻô־ô֡
˵ҲԸΪ˺̡

СϺޱȣ̵ģرζǰǿЩζ⣬ڳֻʣûʲôζ
˵ǳԹóԵĲˣǰԹ⻹ҪóԣȻЩҲܺóԡ
ֻСϺζ̫ˣҶǵһγԣֻø

ѧũ佨ţ˻˻ţһͷ϶ȴӲʹƼֱ֣Ҳѧմ֭᲻õ¡

һԵĺɫѿ̾ǹǡ
Ҳ۸ǡ

¥˹ƺЩܳų˼ͺͨͨģȾźΣͷðϸ

̿һۣͻȻһﻹгԻǱʡ

¥˹׳극سʱҲȥûˣ첽ߵߣС˵һ䣬СϺó԰ɣ´λֻһ˳ԣ˺òã

˵仰ᣬһ˿ڣһ䣬Ǿϴ·࣬ԣ
һ϶ӣͷ
۾ҿҧҧȻֱԽ첽ˡ
ӰЩĶӡ

¥˹׿ıӰüͻȻָоͽеĲ˶ܲǸҲпֻ뽫еĲ˶ԡ
뵽¥˹ﷺһ˿ܿͽѹȥԸЩԼ
Ǹ̫ˣϣԼҲ䵽Ľ֡

ڶĩ´֪ͨϢһ죬̾ȥسһˣոĸĵӦõˡ
ȥ˳һͳˣ׼ʱϴͷˮʲôġ

ոĸĵȷʵˣһ󲼶ֽˮ
̴¼һ飬û𣬱ȥˣҲû

ûסȥӪӣ˳ͷڶ
һ·ɡһ·ﳵ֪㣬ȥ˳ڴӳңʦҪˣʹˣǰ컹ˤһӣԲ

ӳʦģӲ̶ӳ̵֪һЩ£Ҳʺ
ѾͷϹеϺȣ˵ȥӰҲá
ңӡľǣѾͷռ˱ˡ
ÿ賵ӡ
ɼ˻ǲġ

Ȼ뵱ʦʦɱȸɻɶˣ붼͵ͷͬˡ

̱ص֪㣬֪˶ڣƺЩԡ
Żص䡣Ҷ˵Сô¡
˵ˣԭӷָǵʳԱ١



˵ʳ䣬ӦͬȶԴģֿ֪ǳ˲ٵЩ˭һͳȥϹÿʪ͸
£ש֪ṩɡҪûɡЩʳҲû취ˣȴǣ˵ʳ֡

Ҫǲ佨˸ȥԱģ֪ǵʳˣԱǰ˿ڷֵģ֪ǰһֵģֻ

ԴǳҲάֲ˱ƽ͡

ȥ˿뿴ûʣˮϴͷһ·ﳵͷʪˡ
ȥ˳һͷֹģҲûʲôˮûԡ

뵽¥˹ףһ͵Ҷԣ϶˵ҪԵġ
̼ǵã˺θⲡд佨û˵ֻ˵¥˹׾θʱҹˡ

־θСʱ̫ԵʣûгԵģԺȥʦˣóʦԡ
ôţ͵͵ƿ֪෿ǿŰ壬Ȼϴһϸȥ¥˹ס

¥˹޳֪ľ崲ǿǿ˯ʱ򣬽ֱӰŴβ

׾ӵĽš
˵ĽҲĺÿܰ׺ܳݵָ֣޼ĺܸɾ

¥˹ױһ¾Ͳˣ˯һԱߵ˷ܸܵ
ôϤĶܿ췴Ӧ˭ˣԥº󣬻ǴӴˡ
˶˯һ磬˶Щˣ¥˹ԭڿ飬⼸æûʱ俴飬ɵġſһС롣
ղŴҪ˯˽ˣ߲ãҲ¡

ӷ¥˹ţȻĿ⿴̣̲סһʲô£
Ҳûб˴ŵĲ죬ӾǴĵߣһ㲻  

Աȥûʲô£ǿûԣθͰгˡ?˵ŽԼڴͷøһһ˴ӳҵСѣԭҪֵģһӣӵڶǱġ
̽ͷתȥ̨Ҳ֪˭ϴģоûϴɾ׼ϴһˮȻϴͷҲô

¥˹ͷһʱû˵
ͷۣȻ̧ͷվ̨ǰ̣һС˵һ䣬лл
ûоܾˣθʹû֪Ҳ֪Ǵ˭֪ģֻû뵽ᱻڻͷ
ʵղθЩˣû˵ѾϰˣﲻֻҪһ͹ȥˣ˵׸鷳
¥˹΢΢Щ

̧ͷ̵ʱż˿ˢӲǺܸߣƫƫ̨ĺܸߣҪϴɾż⣬źࡣ

ллˣŤͷЦÿģҶðɣҲرϴθ˵ģҰָҼ˺ܶ飬ýҡ
⻰˵Ҳû٣ȷʵвĵط̣˵¥˹ǰɼܺãҪû˸߿ƴѧ

߿ſҲûˣ˵Ѿйһθ߿ˣĸ߿ĸ߿Ѷȫһʱѧж轲赱꿼βſϴѧҿĻһĴѧ
ͼǵã߿ǰһ˱ơ

̲һӣ֪Ϊ֪࣬Ψһܻȥķʽֻи߿
ԭĸܲĸԵʣҲϵģϣͨԼŬسǡ
ÿһȽϺõĴѧ˭֪ʱĴѧǺܳģߡ
Ѿ˶ʲôרҵͶӢԺ·ӹ㣬Ҳ
ûһˣûʲô뱧ֻǮӡ

ôţͻȻδǰ;һƬã¥˹۾˼֣ҪǳǸõˡ

¥˹׵ͷͬˡ
ûлط䣬ֱ°æˮʮĽľŽľ󣬲Ŵеͷԡ
ͷѾˣ¥˹ҧһںϸϸĽнģ˼ºﻹζ
ԹóԵͷ

СʱԹ״ӹͷӣİӣ׸ǸŮˣͷҲúܿġ
ֻǺײ˺ҲûԹͷˣںѾͷʲôζ
ڳ·һӻصǸСůļҡ

û߾ͻȻĳҸ˵£ǧ˽?ʵҲز˶ãȥﵱʦҲ֪ˡ
Щزס£뽫Ϣ
Ǿͽ¸¥˹˵ˣ˲һ䣬Ҳ֪ӳôѡҵģô˵ģҪܵʦͺˣҿ϶úý̡?
¥˹⻰üͷ

̼״Ϊ⣬̲סСһôˣ
ǲἵԼʲô̻е˽ģֻǵʦﲻá

¥˹̧ͷһۣʣ㻹˵𣿡

붼ҡͷûһ񶼲ãû˼˵
Ծеģ享Ҫ֪쵱ʦˣµһҪը

¥˹˵ͷĬһºѵһʱ˵˶֣˵Ҳ١
˵ֲ꣬һ䣬ʱҸڣ˵ǰʱӳ˸æ?
̻ǵһμ¥˹׶Լ˵ôĻһΪԼ롣
˵Ļ̲ס

¥˹̧ӣΪ̲һ䣬ʦҲһ嶤ˣһм䱻˽غˡ
֪ôˣƽʱֳĺӣʱ򲢲һ
Щûж˵ҲܿʱܴʱֺܴܵСĻ򵥣ĸ̫ˣԾЩСļƵ˱ǲһء

ҪҸӳʲôæô˵
գգ۾ʡ

¥˹׵ⷬһˣ˵ˣ䵽ˡ
Ҳ¥˹ôû£˵ѧʱѧأڴ˾ʵϰʱ򣬾;֮ͬ
زס£Ҳ뽫ϢʲôӦ
Ϊܣû뵽ôࡣ
̵ģ˾ǵ͵ȡ

¥˹ʣĬһ£Ȼ˵ԼǮӳˡ?
̲Ŀ¥˹ס

¥˹죬ЩȻͷ˵ˣԼͷ

룬ɿ
Ϊֻڣ˰첻ģᣬҲû취¡
ңҲȥҴӳš

ˮպ˺̻ط裬¥˹ҲͷͷҲûط˯ˣǽóڳſڿ
˵ʹͷںڵͷ˳Ĵ޽ǣƤɰףͦ
γɹӰĽȥ׶á

̻صʱڿޣ͵͵ǺģԱСȰţǷ
ڴϿ޵ҪؼңҪؼңҲˡ

Ȱ󣬷Ҳûˣͷ˼ҲǺܺá

һڴ˯ˣﻹԺ˵Żؼҡ

̴Ա࣬Ƭ֪֮ǰȫյ࣬ҲΨһһźգĸֵܽúԼ
ʱȫҶҲز׼

ĬĬµϴóʱ룬ԼӣȻó֮ǰĺ֡
Ȼ͵͵顣

һ㶣ͻȻıɣ̧۾̣ûޣ۾ġ

򴽶һЦ

ƺʲôͻȻ̧ͷǸһۡ
ֱӶϷ۾û뵽̻ῴæԵĵͷȥ

ҧҧѡû
־ô飬ϵã͸ˣͷû˵ҷͺϵãͲǺϲˡ
ܾãôԭԼǸӲ˹ϵ

ȥϴһ飬ũӶ࣬ڻ죬ҹоͲ˵ˣ豻ʲô治˵
ϴûط䣬Ȼתȥˮ

صʱ¥˹ѾϴˮˣľͰУСͰ
һֱۣȥ˿ãȻ꣬˶Ϣ̫㡣
̿С죬Ͻ׷ȥԼࡣ
ҪϴͷҲںꡣ

¥˹ûͰൽſڴ£˵һ䣬Լȥɡ?˵꣬Լתˡ

ҲͻȻ䵭̬ȣ˲ʱͻȻС˵һ䣬ҰָҼ鵽ˡ

Ȼû˵꣬˵ĽŲͶסˡ

Ц۾ˮͰһ䣬ǵôϵˮһҪϴͷ
ֱСͰˮˣҲûʲôӦ

¥˹һ㶣Ϊл߿û뵽ȻǷԸ¡
־̵ӣ˿




24.  ڶʮ         ϴ衭

ϴ, ¥˹׻պϴͷˮһ
ǳͷϴͷȷʵȽϷˮ, һ㶼Ҫ裬ˮҪˮܾϴɾÿֻһˮ, ôѧġ
ϴ, ϴ, , ſڵ涼ʪ, ҲҪ߼ȥǽǱߵ, ֱӵſʯϾС

̱Ż·ͿͰ˳, ſſ¥˹, Цһ仨, ¥֪࣬鷳ˡ?  װ·ֱһţǰʱһС, ׼ݽŵġ
Ȼֱ׳ſϴȥˮϴͷ

¥˹׵ͷ۽űߵľ裬̬ȣû˵ʲô, Թվ
ϲͷϵꡣ

ǣϴͷʱ, ¥˹׾Ͷſڸϴ·
ſڷһͰˮͰˮѾˣͣţ¥˹Ƚ·򵥴һ, ̴ֱϴ·ַϴĶһࡣ

һĴϴõǣ̫ˣ᲻ãö˲ۣϴĸɾ
̽ͷϴúҲ·ϴˣɹڿõϡ

æ꣬¥˹»ص飬ë˲ͷʱûдֻȻɣʪȴ󣬾ϴˣҪ͡
ëһȰ˽ëҲŵţ˻˷䣬ϴſ˯һϴƺ뵽ʲôֶõİ򿪡

մ˲ӡղһ·ﳵͱںϣӦʱ򽦵ġ

̴򿪰һţ顣ŷ򿪣ûдٻոĸӦֻǸռûþյˣ˵֮ǰ˵ˣݶôҪºúչԼոʾܸԼŮϽ࣬ξͼô࣬ʣµԺĸ

ȷʵ࣬ռҲˣ˵ϻ˿Ͼ˵ٵģûˣձ󣬷֪ԭڻ˲ٹء
Щո᲻գ͵͵˷䴲£ﻹмղƷԭСʱ򻹿ӡ

Щռû˸ģ˵ˣƽʱóһ۶ң±˷ֿʲô
ҲոΪʲôô֮ˣһ紵ݶͽŮ͵ΪһЩ֣ṵ̂ʲôģҲᵽȥ

Ҳ֪ԭĸжңЩϹŶҲֻϹŶѣȻֵǮ᲻˵׻ûǮ
ոĹڳˣﻹǵýͰ͵Ĺӡ
ԺϴѧأܵøԼʡ㻨ǮҲ֪ո׻᲻£Ҫ£ʱ϶һǮ

壬ҲΪ⣬֪֪Լĵʱ߿˭ʹӣҲûеģĸ߿һʸ˲ͨҲһܽǡ
£ǰԼͬѧ˵ʵ¼

ոᵽģҪǸпαмžӣԭ֮ǰùģҲ֪﷭ģ鱾涼ǻҳ飬ųĿαƤһ̷־Ȼǡ¥Ρ͡μǡ
⻹д⣬ЩЦãǸж

ϴ˯һڿ飬˲Ҫ¥˹ȥ
Ժĳ¥˹׿϶Ҫ߲ˡ

ôţȻš¥Ρˡ
겻̱Сܵ˳¥˹׾ſڵͷ濴飬Сܵ˸ǰ˶ûзӦǿˡ
ҲԵСù¥˹׶£鿴

¥ΡⱾǰʱΪʦõٿҵȥ飬ûģдĶлȥ˼һ¡
ʲôȰѧϰˣѧϰΪ˿ѧ֤ԺҹЩ鼮ϲ׷Ϸ
ûЩĸţ̴򿪡¥Ρ󣬷ֿҳͦ˼ġ
飬ýζ

һǿһ磬Ƕ¥˹ѹ
һŵﴫ˵Ҷˣ¥˹ײŷӦʲôȻ̧ͷҲ鿴һ¡

еѾһˣ¥˹׿һһֵĿŶ᲻ôϸ¡
Сϲ飬Ȿɵġϲкܶط˵Ĺ
ԥº׼طӦҪˣЩá

ҪվͿ̧ЦÿģȻĻ˻Լе飬Դջӵ벻뿴¥ΡŶ򲻵

¥˹Ȼ¥ΡпαϻѡΣǰϸеʱڽĸпαϿѡΣʱͿˣϧ鲻뿴ܿġ
ϿεʱʦҲһ죬ûж˵¥˹ֻмҪ֣ʲôȴǲ
ڿ̵ǰȥĬһºƽʲôҪ󣿡?

һʣǽסˣһʱЩ

ʲôҪҪԼͬ
Ȼֻ룬ûǸʳڡ

š۾תת˰죬һ䣬쿪ʼ극հСʱҶ顣
ʲôϽһ䣬ҸղŽпαһ飬ģҶˣúѧϰʵԼ
֪ÿСʱϢʱ䣬ƽͶܴҲðռ̫ʱ䣬طҲ˯罫ʱ?
¥˹׸Ҫüͷ⻰˿֮ǰʹӦﲻĿظҪЩ⡣
ͣΪǰɼãԲŻڣҪúѧϰ٣ɼʲôҲġ

ΪʲôͻȻҪúѧϰ̲˵ҲͲȥʡ
ֻǵ˵ͷԡ?
Цˣ۾ģﶼǹʡ
·һΪ˵¡

¥˹׿ЦĿ΢΢һ
׽ʲôŮѾվûŵУл飬ָʱ˶һ㶡
˵ͬˡ

͵ջ֣·ЩţָָԼղĵӣ㡭ҷŻȥɡ
¥˹׵ͷ˾תȥˣŲ΢졣
ӰЩĶӡ

ŲԶȥ¥˹ײŽͷ̧죬۾עſڿһͷϵ飬һûмеĴ򿪷
±ָ¡

ڶ磬¥˹سŵѧϰ

ͬʱ̹ʦҲȷˡ




25.  ڶʮ һ         




극, ˶ط˯ȥ˳ѧ, ѧַ£̫ʱûˣȻһһƬհףЩ֪ʶʲô, ϸ붼, еóס
鱾ϵǰõĿαһ, Ѷȴһ㶼, ̱İõĹˡ

ʱ, ¥˹Ѿڳ, ֻС, ֮ǰ, һ, һӡ
ڸպøá

̽ڶСõ£ºСЩ¥˹ƺЩ̫Ȼ, ʶһЩȻԣ̻ע⵽ˡ
û, ѧϷ˳һ, £ֺ֪ܶʶѾˣܴܲͷʼңʵǰʦûôϿΣѧĲ, ɱұ?̿һʼȻҪ˵һЩǫĻ̵ʱٱֵĴһ㣬ˢһ¥˹׵ĺøˡ
ĸʦϲѧ?
ƫƫ¥˹ﵱˣ⻰ûֳʲô˵׼ˡ
ϵùȿ
?Ҳб飬ǰЩ̽ǱɵġеҶǩѾһˣҲˣϲ飬ÿ춼ôˣҪʱ䷭һ
̲ס룬ҪִôϷҲ֪˻᲻ô飿

Ҳֻ룬־ӦøԼ˲ͬġ

۾䵽ϣ˵ֹǽڷ޳һ˫Ư֡
̲ס룬ȥʲôо

Ҳ֪ǲ̫ˣ¥˹ͻȻŤͷһۣϣһ飬Ͻͷȥ

¥˹û˵죬Ҳͷת˻ȥ
֣ͻȻŵ棬û̿ˡ

һ˿ź˫ֳ°ϣŤͷ
һͻȻʲôӿڴóǣһŰֽԼһŰֽŵ¥˹״ߡ

¥˹ͷ飬ͻȻ˶̲סһ㶣ûӦߵĶͻȻƽӲӲģһζڿС

¥˹СʱԹǣѾ֪ǶǰˣζͲǵˣֻ֪ܺóԣСʱ˺ܾá
ͻȻζһʲô

ʶŤͷٴȥ̣һƫͷϵľһŽЦ
æɫװģȻһ¥ʦôѲѣ?
¥˹û˵ʲôˣٴŤͷȥ顣
ֻζþɢȥ

ǳ˺¥˹׾Ϳʼ̿ˡ
ûʦҲ֪ôѧӣƺ뽫ϵȫŪ֪Ҫôˡ

¥˹ȻӱȽϰɵó̲ǶôϲѧϰˣͻȻĹôĸпαҪѧϰ¥˹Щ뷨
ֻ뷨ҲֻĲ²⣬˵ԼҲкô

һµݼ򵥣¥˹׽֪ʶ㣬Ȼ֪ʶһ飬ʣµľǲҵ
ÿ֪ʶ涼мҵ⣬¥˹̽ˣ

һѧϰ¥˹ֻѧпαɲֹѧһţѧЩѧǳԲ͸ģѧĿƣҪ¥˹̡
¥˹Ҳ֪һ㣬ÿϳ극Ҳѧϰ

Ȼûвͬġ

¥˹Ǹ渺ĺʦ͸ƶѧϰʱ

Ҳǵ磬깤׼ߵʱ򣬲̶ӳס˶߹˸˵ȥѧУ

빫ѧУܽͳ˴ӿڣ·ұϼ׾͵ˣӱ߲·绹ԻԸ
˵ѧУṩ˵ģ쵼һԣԱ߾ǹ쵼ƽʱ칫ĵط

ûȥǲ̶ӳʲôȥ·䡣

Ҳ֪⹫ʦ䵽Լͷ϶˲̶ӳԵڶˣ̾ʹǮƱȥ˴ӿĹ㣬˺Ǻ͸㣬ֳݡ
һȥ˲̶ӳңһȥ˴ӳҡ
Ǯʡ

±˿˸磬Ȼص֪ʱû
Ҳ˯ˣɴطóҵд
Щ¥˹׸õҵ¥˹֪ʶȷʵι̸̣оԼԼѧһ

дĿ֪෿ľͱ˴ˣ߳һľˡ
˯⻹ûȫȥںڵӴżɣͷ΢Щҡ

û뵽ˣ£㡭

̸Ͻе飬СܹȥĵĽŰϡ
ùеæˮȫһѧģ

ˮʱ򣬿߽̲סû˵ӳҽȥﱨ?˵⻰ʱż˷ܡ
ЩҸ˵֪ΪΣ¥˹ȴûʲô

¥˹ĵĵͷ֪뵽ʲôüһ䣬ԵĻ㶫̶ӳʹӳ͹ȥ?ȻЩ̲ǵãǶ˵һ䡣
ɢЩطӦøעһЩ

Цеͷǿ϶ģҶѾ궫͹ȥˡ
һ˿⣬⻹ûάֶãϾ¶ɫǣ֪ô˵?
֪ʳٷֵ»ûأҪ֪ȥ統ʦУ»Լǡ
ȻʹֵĲ죬ҲὫƣ˵Ҳ¥˹ûʲô⡣

ϴ·飬ٰ취һʲôģϵˣ

ôţ¶ɫ¥˹ף·ȫȫǰˡ

¥˹׿һۣ˵Ͳʲôӣ佨ЩҲ˵
Ҳ֪ôߵԽԽֲܿƵ״̬ϲģԥƬ̺˵˾䣬㡭ýͣǶ쵼ľҪô˵ˡ?
̽ˮ¥˹򴽣ӹе衣
תȥϴתͻȻӿڴóɿ·ڴ

¥˹ŤͷüҪſھܾͼЦø͵ȵèһСͣϸ̶ӳӳҴп˼һ롣?˵Ц۾

¥˹״û뵽̻־ٴ룬˶һ
Ҳ֪˵󷽻˵С

֪ΪΣ־϶˺ܶûеĳã
¥˹ױȥǲײ𻡶ȣһ

˷繤Ҳȥˣ繤̳극ֳȥˣ̾˵̶ӳ£ʲôҲ
Ҳûжˡ

ȵҪϹʱ򣬼̻ûлȵ˴ӿڼʱҲûˣҾ֪·ˡ

Ϣͨ¹ʱһص֪ɫߵĸ˵ʲôӳ£ȥ統ʦˣҾ˵ôúõĿֿ𣿻֪ʲôʱ֪£أ

⻰һҶ𾪵˵

¥˹ײڣģ粻Լ
¥˹÷ȥʱϸɤθ֪㱻ٷʳģֺӵ쵼ȥ統ʦ?Ȼ᲻ﶪǰĺÿడ??࿴ȥ侮ʯ̲סʲôûҲˣ̻?
ߡ?Цһʱˣ㻹ڰϧ̵ѣ̿ɲ㵱ѵӡ??պˣ޺˵ַ
챿Ҳ֪ô˵Ҫٰæ䣬¥˹ͻȻ˵һ䣬̶֪ӳ˵µġ?˶٣ֲһ䣬Щ飬ģûв飬෴ܶ顣

˵Ļ࣬Щ㹻ˣ̶ӳҵ̣Ǿ˵ûкˣۣҲûһױһס

Ҳ˵˾乫̻ȥϹأҪǰ֪ӿ϶ȥϹġ

˵ˣһĬķͻȻһ䣬¥֪ô֪ôģ

ôһʣҲŷӦǶֻ֪¥˹
¥˹׺ʲôʱϵôˣ

˶¥˹ףеĿΪǿң¥˹˳߿ȥ
һԹޣ·¥˹ʲôҪĶ
ȷʵԹޣԹ뿪ԽԽãԹĮ飬˵ҪͲҪˡ

¥˹״ۣҲ󣬶ǵ˵һ䣬֪˵ġ
仰粻˵˵˷˵ĸо
ô̾͸˵˵?
һ˲ĽӲ
?¥˹˵תߣ˼󣬷·ʲôŲһ٣һ䣬ˡ?
ûлԣԵǸڹʳãֻһ͡
ʦĴһ㣬ȲԱǵĹ֣еԱһʮ֣ʦÿǰ˹֣˵Ѿˡ
Լÿ֣˹ֶûУɹ̫ġ
ֱ̫ϲʦְҵˡ

һãȫѧУȥУСѧͳУǵĺӡ
ȻģУҲ̶֪ӳǴӳ˵ʲôһ̳̽һĺʷſΡ

Ҳ£һÿУѧУʦΣ뿴̵ˮƽ

̱ûУǻ˵ҲµŵѧʦֱӴ鿪ʼ̡

ȻûʦϾôѧʦôϿε壬ѧǻѧУﻹѧĸʲôҪѧΪ壬ѧãԾա
ϸʱʦΪѧϿβ˯ΣϲΣֱǻٳұ춼ͳˡ

Ϊ쵼ѧǰչֳһҾͷǳװƵĽ鱾һţ˼򵥵⣬磬ҪϵĿһƪ˭дģЩɾͣΪʲôдƪģ
?ȻʱѧƪĿ꣬ȽЩ򵥵̾Ϳʼϲ˵ˡ

˵Ķǳпαûеݣ̽ҪϵĿ³ѸģϢѷߣ֪Ĳֱ࣬Ӳֻˡ

̼ǵԼǰĿʱXʰ⣬ϲʦһЩߵˣź˼
³Ѹ̴Сϴѧ󻹾ʦһЩȤ£̱ûһ£渶̸³Ѹͳɾͣļĺѣ˵ƪĵı塭һѡ
໨˰ڿεʱ䣬ȻʼѧǷֶΰܽƪ¡

ȵ¿壬ѧ᲻ߣеĵӴܲٶ˵˵³Ѹ¡
ЦпŵѧȻϿ˵?Ȼһ䣬λͬѧ֪ʵľֵñ

˵ͬѧ˼ĺ

У뿪ʱ̻ߵҺͣȥУſڿЦЦܺã֪಩ѧţĳѧϲ㣬쵼ûƼ?ʦϿΣҪҸϽʦһڿҪŮ֪һϿξôȻ˿ţֱǰһ
Ȼǳģ۽ǹ㡣

̵һѧУʽϿˣȻʦ٣ʮˣΪ༶٣ǺۣٱϹɶˡ
ڿΣһģʷҪ٩ģ֣ϿζҪαģ뵽ｲ

һ߽һ߸ѧʷ֪ʶ㣬̵ѧõľʷˣ֮ǰ׼Уʷ֪ʶ˵ǵ÷ǳƽʱһЩʷϵȤ£ǻ۵ıȽϷḻ
ʷ⿴ѧķӦ֪Ĳ

Ͼʦֻ֪鱾ŮʦһžͰֱһ٩٩̸м䶼ͣٵģĵݲϵģкܶûеģ͸һ
˭汾£ֻҪ۾Ϲܿ
ҪǣһĽηʽȫ

һĿΣ̺гɾ͸У¿λص֪ʱϻЦݡ
Цݣ뵽ԼҪʱʱˡ
ѧ磬ʱ˶ûҲû磬̽˷Žﳴʱ֪½½ˡ
ûһ¥˹Ҳ˳û˵ֱߵǰ£æ񿴻

죬˵ãĽɲʱı첻˵ˡ
̵ġ

¥˹Ҳû˵ǹһ󣬽緢¸ͨ
ֱӣϱһ̼ʲô˵ˡ
¥˹Ҳʲôµˣʵǰ²ף²ԸĬĬѡΪ˼֡

̲֪¥˹׵ģԼͻȻѧϰԼ͵õϢˣСֶΡ
˵壬ֱܲӸ˵Ҫ߿˵Ųţˣ¶Ҫùһ˿Իڵñӣϴϴˡ

뵽۾һתƺ뵽ʲôЦ͵Ц£ȻսŵˣЦһֺã¥֪࣬Ǵ¡

ð˿һ֪⡣

¥˹üͷҪھܾ̾Сȿˣ¥֪࣬ҪңҾ˵ϲ㣬ô飬Ϊľһӽ㡭
˵ͻȻһ£˼˭֪

¥˹ĿٿȻһȻ͵̧ͷ̡

̷·һЦ¥֪࣬òã




26.  ڶʮ         ¥˹׿ա

¥˹׿, Ĭ֪뵽ʲôͷȥ, Ҳһۡ
ֻɫͻȻЩ䡣

̬ȡ

һ˿գ⻰¥˹׵עˣϾֻҪûģܲµ˼ˡ
ο¥˹׻ǳ

, ϵҪһֱͱ, һܻʲôء

һֱ극, ¥˹׶û˵ˡ
극, ϴ鱾ȥϱ, û׼, õ˳鱾, Ҫúÿһ, źúý, 쵼ǰˢڸС
쵼ҲкѧڱȥˣԺسҲкôġ

ſ, һ㣬Ǧ˼ʼǣʱҲûʲô, ҪԼ
ÿΣֽ¥˹׽첼õҵ, æЩ˶Ѿϴˡ

˸û˯ţѧУʦ˰칫, ֻӣ˯ֻſһ
˯ЩϰߣûǴ

ʵ룬֪ԼôӦµģ粻ż£ִķʾͺԶԶˣӵļҲ̹Ȼԡ

̻ص䣬ڴϱ˻ĺͻѧʽ쿪ʼԽѧУȥԳѧϰһ
ѧУ֪ȻԶһҲͦ鷳ġ

ΪʲôڿˣԺ綼ˣǵѧʱƺЩ
뵽ѧϰֲ뵽¥˹ףҲ֪¥˹ϻԸԸˣ

æҲڴϣ£˺ü̲סô£ȥǱ߽ˣ
ʵʵǣûǰ֪¡
Ȼ˵ˣô˵ҲЩܵġ

ʹ˲ݸ壬ȵ֪
ȻǷӦðɣҲҲԣûҸ˵£̶ӳҽȥﱨ棬Ҳȷ¿ףûǰ˵?
ô˵мֵô£Ҳ˵°ٷְپͶˣҪ󲻳ɣ˵ȥ
˲ˡ
˿ƺ뵽ʲôæ췢¸˵һ飬˵ˣ¥˹ף¥˹˵˻£ֱ赭дԹȥˣ֪ô¡

֪ڱ˵ôЩ
룬ǰеĲʳôͻȻˣ
ʵҲû˼Ǿ̲Ǻúѧϰˣ俴ĻǰĿα

ʣĬһ£Ȼ󷭹ͻȻĴ̣ŵһƽߵǧ˵ҡҡ¥֪మ飬ԾҸĸĹˣǸеĿαĸպÿ¥֪ࡣ?¥֪رã֪Һܶ಻ÿ춼䷳Ľҡ?˵꺦һְۣ

Ȼˣ̾Ͱʵˡ
˵ոпαʹ˼ȻȫԼ¥˹Ҳһ

⻰ֱסûзӦȻŤͷһ˼ؿ̣㡭㡭
û˵һĻ

Ͼ̻е̫ˣֱţûĻ̵˼ϲ¥֪࣬ҲΪ¥֪ϵ
Ϊһʱ䶼ֱ̲ס׷

û뵽̺¥֪ߵһȥһ䵭ģһֽôôʡ

ˣ·𲻺˼һһۣȻСεûӰأ¥֪ʲô̬ͻȻ
˵̾˿Ҳ֪¥֪ôô䵭ﲻˣ
⻰˵˼һΪݵĳģ

Щͬ飬¥˹ˣȷʵŲദ
ҪҪο䣬ֺ֪һһ׷ˡ?
ˣӣȫҪ˺ģԼͨ
Ҳˣղ˵ǸпαҲ˵ʵûǰ֪ϢȻôøĸĸпαǳСѧα
ֻСѧͳС

ҲЩ˼Լ˵̣ﻹЩŤ

Ѿصԭȵλɺˣ֮ǰ˵ллô˵˵ˣһܽ¡
װһӵпҲеĿαɣ췭飬ǰѧȫˣһͻȻſ˸߿Ҳи׼ˡ?
Ҳֻô࣬ģ̲˵

ֻЦûн⻰ϣﻹúЦôܻſ߿أ
ǶˣҲĵũˣô߿
Ҫһ߿Ͷˡ
뵽ЩᣬǰлܻسǣѾˡ

ôģ̹ܲˣֻŰԼӹþˡ
Ҳ˵ĮʵʱĻΪԼ롣
֪㣬ȻԴ˶ܺгദţŸԵС˼ⲻˣԼ

ŽԼ¥˹׵˼͸¶࣬ΪȥֻվȽŸ

ڶ죬¥˹׶̵̬䵭˺ܶ࣬̽Ρ
˾Ӧ˵¾һ
̲ˣֵĸɣӲྣҲԱߴߴͣ
һѧģ

ĩûȥسˣǹԹԸһȥϹ
ڵ˹ʦʵǿԲȥϹģҲʲôܶһ㹤ҲǺõģ׶໻ʳسҸȥ
ôȥû뵽ȹǰȽϺá

ЩǮ᲻û׼ѴǮԺϴѧãٴһѧѺѵ
ĳɼһ㣬ʷѧĻ֪ĸ￪ڷſ߿棬Ҹĸ￪ͷһгˮ˲࣬ŴѧʱԼ㻨ǮãҲû취
̲ǸĵӣûģֻԼ㡣

ôţ̻ĬĬӴ

˻ΪΪ˺ȺģĪЩж
ȷʵҪ̽첻Щζ
˵м䣬ѧϰɼҲõģƽʱҲѵģʦȴͷϣ˭ﶼЩ
ڿ̺һÿģҲûʲôͬÿϹĵص㲻һѡ

磬̱䵽ǰλҲҪʳ֮һÿϽ١
λǸʵҲǶۣõܽһûγô໨ҪΣеԲˡ

̸ɲ˶þ̧첲ˣպ¥˹Ҳɴܹȥ˸Σں©
¥˹һʼ̺ţ̲˱˺סˡ

Ҳ֪ǲǺסˣ¥˹䵭ģÿһòˣֱӻһá

̼״Ц۾ƨɺļóͷĻͳϵ޷졣
ȻЧҲǾ˵ģû¹壬¥˹׾ͰˣҲæڲԶ³ˮȡ
̻һ¢ҪҲ˼¥˹׽йֻԼųͷߺɻ

ҲʱԶԶ̶ӳ¥֪࣬ˡ

ԽԽ̶⣬ڲ̶ӳһʱվֱ쳤Ѱȥ
̣ҲͣеĶ

ԶԶ̶ӳһ߹һ˿˷ܣæŤͷȥ³¥˹ףҪ˵ͼԶµ¥˹״ӵˣɫǴδйı䡣

?




27.  ڶʮ         һꡭ

һԼʮĸŮ, ˱ĺܺãƤ𪣬پ, ϼû覴ãһɫĿɹװ·ͷɱͷסɸɾ, ⻷롣
һ֪һĳˡ

Ůߵ̼Զ﹡ͣ, ͵, Ըˡ
, ЦӯӯվŲ, ȻĿ߹¥˹ס

۾ס͵͵, Ů˺ܺÿ, ü¥˹߰˷, Ҫǲ̶ӳղŴ, ̿»˵¥˹׽
ҪǱ̫ˣﱣ, ໹
ĸҲûǰƯ

ֵֹģ֮ǰ˵¥˹׼, ֻ֪С̹ù, ӹĲǺܺá
ƽʱ׾ݵܿ

ĸףͲ̫ˣ˵ļ޺Ҳûֹˡ

֮ǰſܸļ޺ĲǺܺãԲû¥˹, Ͼ¥˹׳ôÿֹԣĸĸ׻öõĺӡ
ţǰŮ˹Ĳ

һŮ˹ĺòãȫԴϿ

ţͿ¥˹߹ȥ
ûаֿ˵Ļϲž룬̶ܸܵϵĮų⡣
ǳ߹ȥˣ˺󣬶Բ̶ӳͷҲ֪˵ʲô̶ӳ漴תˣȻ¥˹ߵ˵

̵ͶûɣҲ˵ֻõͷɻֻʱʱ̧ͷһۡ
¥˹Ѿˣ˵ʵˣûߣ˵һЩͻȻߵԱߣæɻ

죬˵Щʲô¥˹׳ĬƽӣͲ˵ʲôˡ
û¥˹ôĶԴ˭
۾Զ﹡Ů˻ûߣɫĿһߡ

һŮҲˡ

ע⵽¥˹ЩĲɡ

̻ΪŮˣ¹ص֪㣬֪ſڿŮˡ

뿴Ůˣ̲ŷʵ¥˹Щ¥˹ģܷϵӣŮԲ
ݲֻǾŮ˱źͣһֱЦ·ܺദ˫۾˿ʱȴһֺܲĸо

̶Ƕĸӡ
ܣ¥˹װɡ

ûбֳӣֱӴ¥˹׽Ժӣ˲֪¥˹ĸˣǻĳΪ¥˹ĸ㡣

¥˹ֱӴϻü䵭Ķ˿ڣôڣ
˵ֱת֪߹ȥ

ŮҲΣԳ򶫼ЦЦȻȥ

ȥ¥˹ģ岻̱һ£Լˡ

սԼǽ洫ϸϸ˵ߵԱ
¥˹׵䣬ܺñϣһˣûǮĸˣҲûá?
Ů˵żְ󣬡Сף֪ҶԲ㣬ǸĺҪǮ˵ҸһǮ̣ܲܽңͻ㡣?дżֽ

û뵽Լôص¡
ЩҲ¶ĸӹϵ˸˽⣬ĪЩ¥˹ףлûУӱӵֵطҲһһͽǮ
¥˹ƽʱʡԼõģǮӣ



¥˹ûԹߺͲƽҴˣûյʲôҵǮ߰ɣԺҲˣҪǮҲ?
Ů˿ѾĶӣͻȻЩ͸ˣɣ֪Ǹ̫ŵӣȻϲӻǲģȻҲߵôɴࡣ
ҸôǮܲΪԼӴ㣿

̬䵭תҪߣæԼŵİóԼ龫ͱɣЦŵģ˿ڶิӣ⼸Ҳùû취ϵ㣬㼸̶üЩţһֱΪǸõģû뵽Ҵ㣬ڻǱǮˣûоûаɣ֪ڹӣ赱ôҲ̵Ļ
˵޵ĲԼ

վڶ¥˹ף˿޺ɫҲûжı仯
ͻȻԼˣ֮ǰǰŮˣɫſڴƻƣȴˣҲ𣬻ˣĵġ
̴ΣˣʱŮ˻̽Լ
¥˹Щ򴽣ܿŮ˵֣ЩߣҲԡ?˵̧žˣԸٶ˵һ䡣

Ů׷ȥ˵˼仰Щˡ

һ¥˹׾ͽ˳ûʲôǿűƽʱĮ֣ϸ
ܸоĳƺǺܺá

û˵Ѿ˳ˣ¥˹һԷǰæ񣬳Ĭ
ںڵ۾Ļ⣬żȻ

̲̫飬ӶڷǳҸļͥĸرõˣһӣȽϳĺܡԽȻûкԭĸ棬ҲܸܵǶԡ̡ϲ۰
Բ֪ʱ˿ʲôĸܣǰͬѧģЩͬѧƽʱûʲô֪ЩͬѧӻȽУҲϲء
룬¥˹׺Ҳһ˶ģӲԼ͸ܣʱ˿͸

ѹֳơ

Ҳû˵ĬĬ˳ãȻ׷Ž

÷¥˹ˡ

극¥˹׸˵һҳȥһˣ粻ѧϰˡ?̹ԹԵͷá
ҲûȥĿ뿪

һߣ˾ͷſ˵ˣó¥˹׸ĸ׵Ĺϵ̫á
¥˹׼û֪Ҳ̺ϤŴӢ֪ģӢҲǶˣֻŮ
Ҳ֪Ӣ¥˹ͬģ̲ס
Ӣ˵򶫿ȥˣüֹطϢ绹ҪϹ?
Ҳ˵ʲôˡ
ֻ¥˹ĸ׽ĴţͻȻ¥˹׼ƺЩڡ

Ա߷Ҳû˵

̳ŴҶϴϢʱȥˣ飬ۡ
ȥ˳ûп飬ǿʼ˱
¥˹׽ûôԣӡ
֮ǰΪ׷ˣΣǴЩˡ

̻Ϊ¥˹׿ҪúҲûʢ׼ͷڹš
ԼҲһԣ֪ճڣ洫Ų
Զ

̸ϽܵſڣȻ߽Ժӵ¥˹ףɹͨ죬ϵ·ʪ͸ˣߡ
֣Сߣ




28.  ڶʮ         ¥˹̡

¥˹ԥһ, ǳ˹üͷš˳ſʱͣ½Ų, һ£
û뵽ʱ̻ڳĻ¥˹, Ҳ̵׿ѧϰ, ӽ棿ô, ֮ǰӦ˵»˵
Ҳڴ, ˰ѧϰ, Ĳ롣

, ҲᾡԶһЩ, ŮȻ˲, ȴǲٵ, һһѧũǸСϡ䵽ĵز

¥˹ѹĿڵķ, ɫĮȻĿ̣һ¡
Ļû˵ֱֽ꣬̾ק˳, ϾСקӺСȻ, û½
˵Ž˰СãȻƿǣĸ̲˱һС, ղûġ

̸һõģû£ԣ翴㶼ûԼھͳȥˣ϶
תܵǰ£ͳһС߹ޣķ극¥˹׾ͳȥˣ̾͵͵˵̶ǡ
ò߹ް̶óˣʳԭ֭ԭζ۷۵ģ˿˿

̰ԣ߹̫Сˣ֣ÿζֵԼʱ͵͵һ㣬˳ԡ
ǯС߹޼геʱ˿Ӱסӿڶ˳

֪ĨûУƽʱϴ˿磬ҲûЩͣϴϴֱˮϴϴɾˡ
һʼ̻Щϰߣɴ൱û

̽߹̶룬պø¥˹һһ롣
¥˹׵ڹ̨ϣߵ¥˹׶ºȡ

̶е̴̣ڣ¥˹һӵĿıûԼڣһҸĺ˿ͻȻ֪Ӧ˵ʲô

ͷҧ˿еıִģһھҧ̲ˣ̲˻żһ£⼦ȥռʱ͵͵صġ
¥˹û˵ʲôܻạ֪̃ΪΣºθһ߰һ͵ԣӴĲС

¥˹ͻȻú΢Ϊ̲Ƕ˭󷽵ģڲϤ˿ٿ佨ߣڶһܹߣ佨ˡϤˣȴ󷽣֮ǰ󣬻ڵԼ

¥˹Ҳ֪ôúõĽԼȽ뵽˼ȴû취ֹͣǰãΪĶ
ڵأΪʲô

¥˹벻ͨҲԸ롣

¥˹û˵̻Ϊ鲻á
еıˣָһ̶˹̶ѾһЩֱš
̽ŵУһ¶ȸոպãȣθͲˡ

¥˹϶һ٣ͻȻ̧һۡ
ںڵģӹһ˿

ûһۣԼʲôûθƽʱһҪעʳŲʲô󲡣Ҳĥˡ
ʲôҲûҪԼҪģ´Ҫûע⵽ô죿
˿ſףԼһ㶼ġ

¥˹ͻȻǰʱҲûԶٱˣܵһľĽţӷг
һ㱣Ҳȷǲɺϣ֪Ҳֻע⵽Щע⵽ûԷע⵽θע⵽顭

Ը룬е̶ﻹֵĸܡ

뵽Ůˣϵĸף֮ǰŮʵܺãܹЦÿóԵķˣԺСĽиƯĸףҲһֱܵ⡣
һж귢仯ˣͻȻõǸŮ˿ŽͻϼңȻһתͶ˻

ǵãס¥µ塣˭֪ûʲôôͻȻߵһ
£ǸŮ˾͸ļˡ

ôȥˣһʼ¥˹ͼҹԼдŻԺˡ
ôЩ꣬ģ

ͻȻһھҪǮ¥˹ʵЩ벻ͨΪοֱ׳㡣
Сʱ򣬹øûĺӣøý˵ҪߣѧУĺӳЦǹ¶

Ҫһл᲻ۣͽľˣãԼǸûĺҲͦõġ

¥˹̧۾һۣһ˲䣬һ䣬ĺӸûˣô
־û˼⻰ӦģʲôϵûУαĪе̽
ңΣҲǸŮһѪ

̱Ī̧ôˣж𣿡

¥˹׶ߣɫĸɾӣЩȻƿߣͷ˿е̶˵һ̶ܺúȣлл

Цˣӹ⣬ǵȻˣҲ˭Ҵţ֪㣬ҵĳո˵ڶû˸˵һ
еġ

¥˹ףϸһ˿ǳǳЦ⣬еűϽ˵һ䣬Ҫϲҿ͸һ
˵Ц۾ֱϡ

¥˹Ŀ͵һʶ̧۾߶ϣע⵽̺գҧҧ۾ȵĿƺڵĻӦ

˵֮ǰЩ޻˵Ǵ˵ڣ֪ҽˡĪе죬ǰ˵֪ʶΪѧֻΪϲģ

¥˹һʱЩ֪룬ͻȻ벻ǸŮ£ֻôӦԼӦþ̵ܾģ̸һˣ̺ǸŮ˲һǻǲʺϣǼҾԸƽʱϰߣ˼ûйͬ㡣
߻ֹһ֮ǰùڻѧũߵҲܽѧũֹһ˵ǰʱܾǸСϡ

֪ΪΣܾĻǿɤô˵뵽ʱ˵ദ͵͵ԵģǵԼθ

¥˹׳Ĭ¹̲Ͻֲ¶Цͷսһ޹ֹɵ׽ˣ㿪Цģһûô̶أԼ᲻óԣ
ƤЦӣ·ǿЦ

¥˹⻰ﲻûиɿһ

̻ЦţȻ£ŵ͵Ҹ˼˵ϲ㣬Ҳû취£ΪʲôеĿαô죿ֻˣ˭Ҹ˲ء
̾һ˵ǰ߿£ҵϾˣε߿ָˣΪҳɼǶˣһ˻£ҹˡǰҰ˵һŪسǣɶһȥˣҲûܻسǣԾдǽǰĸпαĹ׼һָˣΪҳɼûô죿

ҲҸ˵һŴűζ˵žͲˡ˵Ťͷ¥˹ף۰ͰͿ㲻İɣ

¥˹״۾ɫˣһ˵㡣
е룬̶һȻޱվˡ

̿ıӰҲʲô˼ֻŶһŶϵĺܳ˿ҪʧſʱͻȻ˵һ䣬ƽʱǰҪұֵ̫䵭ԵҺƨɣԵúۣܵӦòĿôİɣ

ߵſڵ¥˹͵ŤͷƽĮüۣ˿̴˼̵Ļ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôǸоǰŮ̫·ˣת
Ӷ̿죬Ӳұ˽̣򶫺Ŵɽɼ

һ޹Ѿ˵ϲ㡣?
¥˹΢΢󣬴û뵽ô죬ӦһѹƢʣڸ˵Щʲô˼
ú

ƫƫ̷·ûиоգգۣƤСһ䣬

¥˹˼һŤͷˣò˵ֽճȭͷ
ǸŮ˹ûôķӦھΪ˵˼仰òʧء
Ҳ̵ıˡ

¥˹׳ص䣬ֻû˯¥˹״ϹŶ
¥˹һͿе飬ֱ߹ȥеһ͵Ťͷ¥˹ף˲䣬ҡǡ
Ҳﲻһɣ¥˹Įӣ뵽Щ鶼̵ģִƵʲô˲ģЩҲҪġ
˵ֱƿ¥˹ˣصԼȥˡ

С˯Աߴϵ佨ˣ̧ͷ˹

¥˹Ҳ˴Ϸҵĵطã佨Сһ䣬ôˣ

¥˹ҡҡͷû£˯
˿Ҳûʲô飬ֱڴϣ˫ѹں£ۿݶ
齥ƽԺ˺ܶ£ղ̵ôߵĺƤӣûЦˡ

磬̼Ϲһ߼һ͵͵Լ
Ӿ˺üʱʱʱԼһִ󵨡

վԱߵ¥˹׿üۣʲôû˵ͷŤȥû

˿ţ½ǣϻص֪Լһ뻨
աĻˮֱۣˮͺܺóԣ̻͵͵һΣһ뻨¥˹׿εľȣôû뵽ôࡣ

͵͵ڳ￪Сֱ׳Ūģ־ܶһ㣬Ҫǲϲԣһ˳Ҳû¡

¥˹׳Ĭһ£ûԸޱĴһ롣

̸ı̶̫óˣҲǸŮ˵ͻȻ¥˹˺ܶ£˵Ĺϵ˲١
¥˹׵ĸͻȻߵҲͻȻҲ֪¥˹׳ȥ˵ʲôҲûˣ¥˹ҲӲ˵£ĸҲһδᡣ

һΣʲô˵ҲͲٹעˡ

ӵʳôʪʳ֪ͷֵСӣﶼûС

֪ѹ϶ûЦݣ򶫻ҵ̣֮ǰ˵ʡ쵼дŵĿԡ

һΣʱдЧ϶ãôãǶֳҹӣд˼һΪûء
ҲԸˣ̶ӳŽƼ統ʦڱдžٱ˼ңʱ̶ӳ޳ǣֻǡ

ʱ˵ô࣬򶫲ʲôӣ
ʳֵˣٷˣҲռˣ˵ȥҲû֪Ҳܡ

򶫵ȻҲ֪Щͷû˵ʲôˣЩڣҪ̵ĳ嶯һأڵĽͲһˡ

û

¥˹ĸߵĵ죬¥˹ˡ




29.  ڶʮ         ¥˹⡭

¥˹ⳡĺͻȻ, ֮ǰҲûбֳǵͻȻû

һʼûע⵽ȴҶʰ׼ȥŵʱ, ŷֲ¥˹׵ˡ
¥˹׵ϢʱﶼÿϺ˯ҲȽ磬, ľ͸, 첻·ȥϴ, ˯ڶ

򶫽, ¥˹ײԺ۾, ۿﶼǺѪ˿, ҲŲĺ졣
һͷ, Ȼǲˡ

¥˹ֳڴ, ŬҪ, 򶫿Ĳ̣ڴϣû취ȥϹ, Ϣһɡ

¥˹ҡҡͷ򴽵ҿԵģ߰ɡ
˴Ӵ
ͷһ, ӴͺķĬһ, ̵̧Ķͷɫƣ鷳ҺͲ̶ӳ١
Ҳټˡ

򶫵ͷȻǿ, ҪȥҽƵ㿴һ¡
˲С£ߣкӷջӵģҽƼϣԼעһ㣬ʱڶ

¥˹û˵ܵĵ˵ͷȻ۾ܿ˯˹ȥ
򶫿ӲģҲõϹʱ䣬佨ȥˮ¥˹׵ëմʪͷˡ

¥˹ü˼֣ʯͷ˵أΪûʲôˣ˵ú˯һǳȥ
뿪䣬ҲͣˣһȥϹ
ҵʱ䡣

򶫺ϹҴææӷͱϻźм
˶ˣû˵ʲô

ƽʱҪԵ㶫һ򶫺˲ŴӷԻ֪¥˹ˣߵ·ϣŷ˽û
С࣬¥˹ˣֱԭء
һ쿴ŻúõģôͻȻˣ

̵һ䣬ϲذ
ҡҡͷҲ̫Ӧû£ߵʱ佨һˮȥ¾ͺˡ
ҪǮƽʱնôģһ͹ȥˡ

żôܰһ͹ȥˣһûȥô죿
ͼǵԼִǸðҪҩģ˵ˡ

˴ӿڵʱڳ򶫰¥˹ٺҲܹȥ̶ӳ˸٣Ŷװ̶ۣӳͻȻ١
̶ӳҲûлɣƽʱҪٶ˰æģԼһˣͦͻȻϽȥϢ
ڹ飬ѧУãУɲ˵Ƽˣͦӵġ̶̣ӳ֪Ҫܶࡣ

̵˻̶ӳ˵лл͸Ͻת֪㡣
ص֪ʱ֪ʲôûУֱȥ䣬һȥͿڴϳ˯

¥˹ɫţ΢΢ƫͷԭڶͷϵëͷϣҲûʲôӦ
۾յýģüͷ𣬿ƺܲ

߹ȥͷһƬŵϽȥë¸¡
ƫڶͷϿܱȽ¥˹üͷ˼֣뿪ʱ򣬴ϵ˻ʶ

̶ʱۻˣû¥˹ףϽŪʪëͷϣţûˣûˣܿͺˡ
϶ˮ˫շ죬Ҳû룬ס£оϵ¶еߣû¼ƣҲ֪׷նٶȡ

ղС£̲ս¥˹ף¥˹ѣȥҽƵ㿴
˺ü¥˹׶û۾еţһҧתȥԼëҲûоƾֻˮ棬ʪӡֽšҸѡʱҲûռ˵뷨ʱ£ȡʱȥҽƵҩ
ҲȷҽƵҽڲڣʱϵ̫ˣջӣֻô

̽еЧ¥˹׺ƽһЩ̼ӰѾָһ飬·ûüѣӿڱıΡ
̽ˮëһȥҽƵҩŻ
˵Ͻȥ

˳ţڴϵˣ۾۾ţ죬ʲôû

ܵԺſڣʲôæ۷Ǯ
һܵҽƵ㣬ҽƵڹ̵ʱҽƵ㻹ûţż֮²ͣţҩ

ãҽƵҽסһŴ򿪣ǸԼʮĸŮ̴˸Ƿôˣʲôˣ

ֱӵҩ

ҽ붼һؾҩûУأ˴Ҹһ롣
˵ִ˸Ƿ

ȻȳҩãЧ졣
¥˹ô
˶Բˡ

ûӣֱƤҽקˣ֮ǰƿƾ
ҽ˲֪㣬֪㿴ڴϵ¥˹ףȸˡ£ʮˣյеء
˵ϼһ㣬ðˮˣ̽¥˹׵ĿӰˡ

һ죬Ǵ첲𣿡

ҽЦ˭첲ģﶼǴƨɵġ㣬ĥĥˡ

̲ҵ󣬺ܵ¥˹״ϣ⿪ӣ°һ㡣
ƫԱߣҶ࿴۽⻹ǿһ㣬Ƥװ׵ģһⶼûС

ҽܿ죬һʰҪߣ֮ǰף˼䣬˵ҪǻգҽƵٴһ롣

̵ͷ˳ţſڸǮ
صݣþƾ¥˹ֲӲһ顣Ūúȥˮ

ˮܿ죬̸¥˹׳һ龫˻˵лȥ˷䣬Ͻ˱ϣˣС죬ȵ㶫˯

Ҳ֪ǲˣ¥˹šüͷ۾δˣûѣȴ΢΢ſ
̽ͷ̧һ㣬ιһ龫龫ι׿ˮ
¥˹׶ȥˡ

̽˷ŵͷɺãͷڷ̣ëմʪƾ˲

¥˹˯һ磬þöû˯ôľˣоȫû
ڴһǷӦʲô̧ȥöͷͲϵë
ͷϵëϵãԼġϵëҲϵãԼϴϤ
ëһ١

Ҳʱ򣬳ŷŰ屻ƿ߽һϤӰŮСһֻ룬˲ųЦݣ




30.  ʮ         ¥˹׶˯

¥˹׶˯˰, ûԣιһ龫龫ܹʲôǶ͸һ, ϸûˡ

ۿŹҪ緹ˣ̼˯ЩԲջûˣθҪˡԸһĵ, ׺Ǻĸ

֪, ˽¸, ʱ򼦵, ˵, Щ᲻ó龫, ԻǮ򼦵ԡ
֪̲߲, 涼ûû, Ӫ, ֪ļ򶫿ţһֻܳһΣҲָһܵļܲʲô

򼦵ǼҾ֮ǰֳȥʱ, ɲǼˣһëǮʮ֮ǰһëǮ, ڳԵֻʣˣȫ, Լһʣĸ˽ӡ
ɫˮƯĿԲİɫ״ϵ, žˮ

µļǳԲҶӺͳģµļǵɫĿǣͺְֳִ׵ļģûζ

¥˹ˣ˿ȻϺܿ¶Ц
С߹ȥеԣӶ˰ɣ

¥˹׵Ĵ佨Ĵţ֮Žľ룬ݣҲҪߡ
֮ǰ¥˹ûѣֱӵŵЬӴӴβȥģˣֻװģĴӱϹȥ
ڴϣӽ£Ҩһ׺ˮͷᴵ˴Ȼ˹ȥü俴ˣ......죬Ͻˡ
ǺСһ

¥˹׿һ˲ĸӣȻ˯ˣﻹЩӡģģģв˸壬ιԵģᣬΪԼصСʱ
ˣôˡ
΢΢Щ̣Ҳ֪Ůʲôؿڸ·ʪģβﻹЩǵġ

ӵǰ˼֣¥˹׵Ĵ꣬ͷһۣſĺˮ

ȵġĺˮ˳źһ·θȻ
¹¥˹׸оɬɤһЩЩͳʵôûȥϿΣ

̼ˣЦݼ⻰붼͵㶼ˣҶ㲻ܣ
˵ʵյĻԲѣҪҲˣǲ롣

¥˹£̧ͷһۣʲôû˵ĬĬеӹѵûи̿ͷȥҨ𼦵ԡ

ļոպãĵƯĽɫϸճ̫ҧһڣ۷۵ģмеһֻĵˡ
ʵ̻ͦϲĵģļûɱģ³

¥˹׳һͺȺü׺ˮƺеˣȵʱе㼱ˮһΡ
׼̧ȥԱһֻذ׵С־һ°͡

Ů˵ְۣ°͵ļһս

¥˹ӵһ١
һʱͻȻ̧ͷˡ

ƫƫŮƺûиоﻹһıԹҪκˣˡ
˵꽫쵽ǰ΢΢ָ⡣

¥˹죬һӺˮ
ζһ㡣

ҲΣŵЬڴϣ֧°Ϳ
۾ЦиúȰɣ㰾ģأƽʱԼ᲻÷ôǡ

οһۣ´οɱˣˣô㶼ѣͷộȥҽƵҩֵľôɵˣʱ֪ô죿Ҳû˰ңʪëֺͽţǵСʱҷգôҵġ

߶߶ͣ˵ԼܵҽƵҽ˵ûҩжȻôӴǽҽ룬緢£޾ϸȫ˵ˡ
¥˹˯һ磬֪ûˣҪǻ˵Ͳ֪ԼЩ£
ɲУܲ
ԼжãһӸжϲ

¥˹ЩЦĿһ̣ǵһӵˣˣʲô£ڰ˵ûʲôֻ޲ȫ綼֪

¥˹һ㶼У̺ܺãֿġ
鶼ź
Ծǣ˵һ䣬лл㡣

ûĺ˺ߣͲܿһ䣿
ˣֱùе룬ˣ˯һɣȥˡ
ҲָʲôƯˣ˵˴¥˹ڴûǿС˼ǿӲڴϣװͰ͵飬ˣϢ

¥˹ڻûһƣ˾͵
⻰΢΢һ۾ӣҲƿĿ⣬һ

̳Ӵϡ
ת뿪

ߵſڵʱͻȻһǳǳϸ......ܺá
͵ķ·̵ĴŤͷȥѾ۾ˡ

ʣûһۣ֪Ӧ˵ʲôһ
漴ҧҧţԺ׷֣Ҫ




31.  ʮһ         ¥˹⡭

¥˹ⳡ϶˺ü, ʱʱģ컹ãŶͷò, һϾ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭҽ˵ҽƵҽҲã֪, Ҳ, ̾Ͳ, ҽ, ǮóԵĲһء

¥˹յĲô̫, ̾ÿܾ̫صԵ, ʲôʱ򲻷, ĸ˺ͻȻ, û취˵, Ҳûȥʲô
ֻܾܶãشһֱе

Ĳ¥˹, ҲôչˣȻ϶û¥˹״ôá¥˹, ȻЩƫĵġ
̻һЩ, ľǼˣΣϾʱ˷Ҫù

Ϊʳĵƣ, ҪôĵҪôǼ̵ļĲһڼඨͺŵѬĭӣԵʱ򽫼ĭӰһ裬һνͣʱɫļɫϾͻȾһ㵭ĳɫζ̵ģڸмá
ӣеһƬƬ׷ʱڹţŪһС룬ĩһͣҲڹ׷˺󣬽ӷŽСɺ״һ·Ӿˣ㣬ֱӳԻǺ׷һԣζ

Щ̸¥˹׿СĿڣڶ֪ϲ¥˹ףԿ̶¥˹΢չˣûʲôԡ
õʱ̶ҲܺãУȶ¥˹׻Ҫã춼кöԣôǮƱӡ

ЩԼģȻǼ壬Ҳ˵ʲôǹģ÷ֵĻǵ÷Դ¥˹ףȻЩĽмᣬû˵ʲôһֻ۱һֻˡ

¥˹ףһʼЩϰߡ
˳ԵĶ׷̲ˣǼʲôģŻܾһΣѾõĲˣóôãԼûȥԡ
߲ܣ֮Ĺϵûһ

̻Ƥ˼ڵϣֱҨһҪι
¥˹׿Сǽ͵͵ģʵҶղһʼһ䣬֪õĶԼĶûռҵıʱҲͲ˵ˣֻǿ̵ɫǺܺá
¥˹ױܿĶֻùԹùԼԡ

³һ뷹ʵûôҶһһĻôһ뷹ͳԱˣ˵ѾܺˣÿͶֵܷһ룬ڳԷǾ£ѧùǶûѣʲôûУһ㶼ǿŶȥѧУϻȥҲǳʣʣˣʱʣʣ˶ûС
ЩԸٻ룬뿪ʵ뿪ùüˡҲû˵ѣǸŮҪǮҲһ͵̫̫һżĺӣôܻסôǮ

岮ҲʲôƵˣҵǧѡùüңҲǾڹùǰһЩ˽ҲǷһǮùãҲһֱеԭʣµǮ̸͵͵ϼˣǱǮ򲻵ѵʱãġ
ʵ˵˹£ûôѹͲʣԹԶûУĸˣʲôָ˶ã

֣Ϊʲôôã

¥˹ײɵ˵ںܶϿıȱ˸͸ֻǵԣ֮ǰԸԼ˵ǱǶͱȴû취ôˡ
֪ôˣΨʱ粽żĽҽƵҽק׾ݵΪôǮ......
˿¥˹ȴԼµ̽ʱ䲢Ǻܸԣܷʲô£Ը˵͵֪

ֺãЩ£ҲЩԿƵĴ
ֻ뵽̺֮ǰĸ飬ʱԹߣۿ֮ĺûѾˣֻҪ֪һ죬ǾͲаӡ
˵ףûǸġҲûǸܽһֱߡ

ôţ¥˹ϵɫͷԼζδԹζʱԽ¥˹ȴûʲôζ

ûпﲻԾԹԳԼļ㡣
ʵ³ִ࣬ͱˣûˮʲôģҪԼջ񣬼ֱ鷳Ҫɿǰ¥˹⼸챻ɫˣͻȻֵˡ
ȻʹΰԼҲ⡣

Ц¥˹£ЦˣԶ©졣
֧ԴſƯüĹâ˵ʱ򣬷·۶ǰˡ

Ů˵ָϸ¥˹ƤһĴУִһֱŰյͷƤʹͷ
¥˹׵ͷֻ̣Ƿ˲㼦Ƥ˲ʲô

ֻ¥˹Լ֪Ů˵ָʱؿûɵһò׽õǽҲٿظźȻ
¥˹Щ߳ŭЩ֪룬̧ۿ̣ɫӳͼѰʲô

ҲսЩ֪ܵС⼸չ࣬ܲյ㱨갡
˵ʱȵϢ¥˹׵Ķߣ΢΢ЩڣջߣͷԾһЩûлӦĻ

ᣬѭѭյʹҲҲҪʲôڰ۾ϣ͵͵㡣

¥˹ٴοһۣͲдšˣʲôС֡

̲ܣָϴ˴Сòã۾ϣ͵͵㡣

Ҳ֪ɹˣʲôԭ¥˹׿һۣȻԹԽ۾ϣͬʱɻ˵˵۾ʲô

Цÿģ֪ܿˡ
۾ϣһõòս˿Ƥ׵ѩͦ滹Щ͹Ưշǣӵ±˫ķҲûò

̿ˣһʱ侹ȻЩҶˣ־Լ̫Կ⼸Ϊһﻨ˲Ǯ粽չˣõϢôˣ
ôţֱӾ쳯Ӵ˹ȥ

ʶͷСĸ߸ߵģĶܿ죬ֱײȥ֣¥˹׼ܡ

֪촽¥˹һľʱ¥˹׸첲ͻȻһ̧

ߣмȴһӸˡ
Ӿ¥˹Լģ滹¶ȡ

۾ӦʲôüС硣
ֲˬ֪һѾСϷȻһֱ̧ۣӶһ˫Цӣǳǳġ




32.  ʮ         ̻û

̻ûϼ, ѧУͷˡ
ûгôһ·ݾͷż٣·ݾϿΡΪũ, СҲҪеһѧУԵķżٶģʦҲҪؼҰæɻ

ǰʱ˫ʮĴꡭѧУ϶һûϿΣܶγ̶û, ٵʱҲ˳Ƴ, Ҳû취¡
ʱѧϰ, , ʦֲһЩҵһѧˡ

ĺʷʦ, , ԾԼ, ⵹ûʲôѶ, ƽʱСԵЩĿҲ, ϾǴ⺣ս߳ģеġ
ԾĶĿеͷۣ鱾ϵӲó, ֻԼдС»߿ѧɶģСѧĿӦüһ, ӡ̵ĿģҲû, ǰĿﻹӡģ¼ӹһأı΢ǳ׶һЩ

ЩСѧ˵ɻеѣ̵꼶, Уⰲŵģ˵Ͽηʽʺʹİ༶ҲûòãȻ̵ʱ䲻ѧˣǼѧϰĺӣһ¿ξ͹⡣
ѧû⵽Ļ̴Ļࡣ

ĩԵľǼʦϳģСѧڣһʦ̳ľӣһĶⱻ꼶ʦȥˣ˱ʦ⣬ļһ㡣

ʱ̲ҲûʲôѧҪ󣬶ǸʦԼϲ̳ľӣڼʦǱȽϹ淶ˣѧĻԺӳиسǵĸУǲĿԡ

ޣǰʱ䵽˰ϣѧǽȫŵ༶ţֻ׼±ʣȻӷ볯档
ŪһУ̻㣬ȥһȦûˣ۱ںڰϳдĿͬʱðɲͳһĿֽȥ
дĹһ㣬Ǿ֣дĲÿҾͲ

꼶ѧǺܹԵģʦô˵дֵٶȶˡ
һ̧ͷͷźڰϵĿ

СѧĿγ̲࣬ҪѧģÿֺܻΣȥ꿪ʼּһʷΣ⻹Ϊȥϵĳſмʷ⣬ϵСѧܴĺӾͲˡ
Ȼȥ깫༸ѧϳС
кºӽԴҲԵġ

翼ĺʷ翼ѧҲ룬ƽʱܶ࣬֯ѧ༶ɨһ飬Ȼҵ
ƪռǣÿƪ֡ڶʦǷһÿ飬ֽдŹڵϻҲУдԽԽãѧ飬ǻȥûϰԼһݼ򵥵ļףʽأ״ͼǼƽʱдϡ
һ˵ţһںڰϻ״ͼ

ҵʲôģҲ֪ôãʦǳαдռǣûʲôãСѧֶǺܺÿҲû̸ɴ¥˹׽һƪĳʮݡ
¥˹׵ֺܺÿǣһ̺ϲæ£ûоܾͰˣÿֽϵֶǳƯ

һҵǽǰһʦʱҲ˵ģӺܺãũĺӶȽַͨʽǶͼ˽ͨҲһֽ

ǵһô˼ҵѧ˶˷ܣ̻״ͼʱѧǾͿĵĽͷӶˡ
ҲûܣѾˣ˽ȥúֻһţŪˣʲôʱдֺһÿˣǾ׬ˣ档
ŪЩ̾˻ȥˣһ˷ܵĳҡ

Ҳص칫ңϵĶʰʰ꣬Ҳ֪ʲôʱͣϳŵʱ컹ǺõģҲûɡɫ磬̸ɴԾȥȥҪ

̸Ծܿ죬ȸǰ򵥵⣬ŸĺĶСģ֪ոĵڶžӵĶʱſھʹˡ

̧ͷȥֱӶһŰ
꣬춼Ƕȿȥſڵ˷·Ź⣬ɡɡˮֽɡųᶶţɡϵˮſʪһء

ƺĿ⣬¥˹Ҳ̧ͷ˹ûʲô飬ҲûΪԼΪʲôֻһ䣬æ𣿡

̿ϽųõЦݣ붼ͻϲĴӵſڵȥھһԶĵطԾͣ£Цÿģôˣҵѽ̫̫̫ˡ
Ҫǰѵˮɡ̶ס

¥˹׿ô˵ӣҲԾ䣬ûϣֻ˵һ䣬ˣڻȥɡ

á
̻ӦһתȥʰԾＤƨҿˣȻҶ֪ôźãôԾʪ˾ҵ⣬װףҾ֪ˡ


װʲô

¥˹ûһۣǿһ䣬֡

̺˺ߣģֻû˵ʱô㡣
˵Ťͷһۣģߵزһ䣬ҲԺ̡

¥˹ǳһ£ȻͷŤ棬ɴ۲Ϊ
Ƥûô

Ҳ⣬ٽԾŽܵǰȻĽһ¡

ԼתȥţȻ칫ʲôûУҪã滹мӺͼأҲпܱ͵

¥˹ƺϰΪˣɫĽڻУӡ󣬻æģÿϰ°鷳Ҫˮꡣ
Ȼṩ緹ЩԼ׼֪겻࣬ÿ˾һϴȥϻҪҪԼ̲ǲȱģ¥˹ǰͿ·Ͳϡ

̼УĲһ˶¥˹׿ȥˣ˹á
Ȼ¥˹׵У̾ûûȥľˣź˫һ壬˸ǷȻ¥˹Ͽ

¥˹׽ɡƮƮһۣ̹˹Թվã߽кֿʼԱߵ¥˹ϴգﻹ״ƱԹ̫ˣѽܵˡ
ߴߴͣ

ӲǺܴ󣬲Ŀŵֻ꣬͵͵ȥ첲ϱŲ첲պÿճһ顣
ﻹͼתעþûˣӺòãҪҸԾˣ㻹Ҫѧѧãʵ̫ˣҪҲǺܸߣÿοϰʮ־͹ˡ

첲ʱ¥˹ƫͷһۣɫɫԣֻ˵˾䣬֡

û뵽ôͱˣӹһ˿ΣҲջȥˣֱӽ첲ס˵ţҪҵˤˣˤû£ҵľӲ¡

һ˾Ǳһˣ¥˹ײڵĶ˶첲С֣վˡ

װûֱĸˡ

¥˹״û뵽ƤôֱЦˣԼͼ֣ûҧҧ˵˾вĻ´βˡ

⻰ƢҲˣһô𣿡
յĳ֣û¥˹˵־һѡ

¥˹׽ŲһͣȻŵŤͷһۣ㡭㡭
춼û˵һĻ

̲ޱֽ첲סҾҪ졣
˻һֻֽٱһ£ȻƵ̧ͷ

¥˹ͨ죬̣ʲôû˵ʲô˾°͵¡
Ųȴ˺ܶࡣ

ĺ˺ߣôߵĽԴ첲Ͽ

¥˹򴽣ζҲˡ




33.  ʮ         ص֪ġ

ص֪ʱ, ҲڣҶչˣ²ȳ, ֻʱϢһ£ʱũæҲҪɻû취ɻûй, ٿ, һҧš
ʱ, æˮϴͷϴ, ̻ȥʱ, ﻹˮ, ̸Ͻóϴˢɾ, Ҳ׼ϴϴ

Ҫż, һµļܲһֱ֪㲻ȥ, 룬Ҳôʱ򻹲֪ڱ˵ʲô, ԼҲƽ͡
˵ҪһֱϹ, ½һĻҪȫˣɲ, ̫ˡ

һϴһ£ϴʱֱ·ȥ˳û, Ҷط˯ȥˣֻ¥˹ڳſ鿴
̫ˣҶ˯Ҳôűˣǳߺã͸һľţݾͼ·ûʲôˣҳ붼ᾭ
Դ֮ǰ̴ӽг¥˹׾ϲڳ顣

Ľ·ǰһţԼˮϴͷ

¥˹׿ıӰĬһ£ֻվȥϴ·
Щͷе£ϲȥϢģʲôŵװס

ſпʯһʯ飬⻹ǳ֮ǰںӱ߿úãģͷиССܣľģһЩݣʲô࣬ǵݶ࣬©꣬ǾͻһЩݻһǣһЩЧ

¥˹׾Ͷʯϸ̴·ұߣվϴͷͷʪͣˮĵƽʱߵĶˣȵĺƽʵŪˮͺܻ̽ˮľſλãͷʱȥһһ
ͷϴȻëͷס´ˮϴһ顣

ϴͷ¥˹ҲѾϴ·ˣԾ·ȥڳһ߲ͷһȷ磬ɵĿһ㡣

¥˹Լ·Ѿϴˣϴ裬طϢڴϵʱ򣬼´˲
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôȥſվ˺һɡȥˣ룬Լ˸ڣΪЩӺã״ʪӡ

̲֪˼ͷˣŽë¥˹Աߣűʿʼľӡ
Լģһ¥˹׻Цֺõѧ񡣡

¥˹ױƨϰˣѧֳƺѾ治ɫˣƺԤϵһ㣬ҲûоܾܾҲûã϶кüַӵ
ԹԽе£һֻǦʿʼġ

̲ǰӣһ߸ľһ˵ףʲô֣
̫԰ɣҿ

;һֱûͣ˵ű¥˹װȥ¥˹һʼûӦƫͷȸ첲ϴĴУԱ΢ĺĻʲô׵ġ
򴽣ͷȥˣװʲô֪ӣû˵ĸԼľӡ

ֻԱĳŮ˵ô߹ˣԼһ͵͵ֱ֣£úСι

¥˹ʶ£оӹֱƤܣǱһֻʶƫͷȥȻͿһſհ׵ϰֽϣ֪ʲôʱǣֵСˡ
С˻ĺܼ򵥣㼸ɵģֱܷŮұߵС˰һ㣬һСӡ



¥˹һ£Ӧʲô˲Ǻ죬죬û˵һ仰
һ䣬Ӹ𣿡
Ϊɷ羰

㬽µľӼóģûˣˡ
뿪֮ǰͻȻֽһ͸㡣

˵͸Ͻžˡ

¥˹еֽͷһֽۣСǣŵϣ·һ£͵ӿڴһ

̵ڶûȥϹ滹꣬ҿƣƺ⼸춼硣
Ҳ֪ǲ´ˣڶܿһЩ״
ЩũǺܶ࣬ӵǿЪһЪ

ҪȥسһˣҪǸķŻȥ˵һԼʦ£Ǹԭĸ˵ˡ

̻ԼѼһЩȥʱѧʡǮķӣڹڹ˵Ķ࣬ȻҲʲôУҪũƷ֮ˣﲻֵֻأһЩҵɽ˹ԱǱ֯ƷһЩѼʲôġ

Щԭǹسǹģ۸ǺܸߣҲһŽҲ򣬻һ㣬һû˲̫Ը⻨ǮֶϣɨЩƷһ˶ࡣɶģȫＸ֣ǰֻҪһãҲܣ˼ÿˣõĲǮ㣬ڼѼʲôģ߿ЩһҶһֻѼûǮ

֪ÿ춼ܳԼ֮ǰԱ͵͵򣬵ʦϢˣ֪Ը򣬼۸񲻹ΪʦĹԱչĽ۸һëǮʮѼҪһ㣬һëǮģ̵ļ۸һëǮ߸

̸ɴһ㣬ѼߵǻͣѼˣһƹϴɾȻϻͺΣҪһȽϺãνȣٷѼԵĻûһľҡ
ÿѼҪͰסڹãƵģ̱һֽ֮ǰʱʣµģòãһ¾ˡ

ʱֻ¥˹֪͵ԣúڳսһţǻҲ¥˹װӺӱߴġ

ⶫ˺óױ棬Ǿͼһȥö˺ü㣬°·ˤˡ

ԼʣµҲˣ͵͵¥˹һһ

ȥسǵĲֹһǼŮҲһȥһĻŴɽ
ûҲûã֪㲻˭ɡ

̴һɡͺӢŴɽһˡ
ȥģû£һ극ͳˣ̺ǰ棬һ·ͻȻ˵һ£ﲻ

֪⼸иŮԱһֱ¥֪࣬ߵͦġ




34.  ʮ         ⻰

⻰ֱ, ȻŤͷһŵĿࡣ

໹Ϊţ̲ס˵䣬ڲһϹԲ֪, ǰЩ죬¥֪಻֪ôʶһӵŮԱŮԱƺ¥֪˼⼸һֱ˲, Ϲ¹ʱ, пվ
ɫÿ, Խ˵ԽС, Ҳǿϲ¥֪, ԲŸһ, ֪ˡ

ֲһ, ŮԱ, Ҳ˵, ꣬ǰʱ̶ӳܴܵǸ

ŮԱ֮ǰǿǿͨ, ˵е󣬺ںݵģС, ͷҲϡϡģǰʱ䴫ŮԱǼ˵˶, ȻֺͲ̶ӳĵܵܺˣָͷСģֵĻͦģʱﻹúЦ, úЦҲò˼飬Ǻֱϲĳ˵ũʲô۹⣬Ҳ

ԼȻϲ˵Ҳͬģ쿴˵ʱ򣬻һôһûôúÿˡ

˻ǸˣһЩ۾Ҳһ㣬ǳģȫûȣ̱Ĳ˵òһһĺã֪㣬¥˹ףҲһɫˡ
ǳСû̳ûÿŮӣݰףپ½ޣЦʱĿˡ

˵꣬еӡ󣬻֮ǰϹݸӵĸŮģ֪һǵȽϸӣ̸׸磬һɷһţɩӺյһˣԼüӣЩŮĵʱ˵ϱʵǱģ͹һȥˡ
ֻЩŮĲ²⣬̵ʱҲֻǵûô档

¥˹׺߽治֪£Щڹ飬֪﷢ʲô¡
뵽¥˹׵ӣЦˣҪô׷ģ͸һˡ

еģ΢ĺÿǼŮԱﶼû֣ǼÿģҲȲֵ棬̻Ǻĵģ̡ǰĺ񣬲Լƫ۸УȻûС̡ô£ϲ෴̡ʵÿһ㣬ЦʱйԵòദ
ϱУ˵ˣãԺسǻ첻ȥˣȥǡ

ﻹЩǸŮԱһֱ𣿡
û¥˹˵뵽¥˹ǸӣҲ֪£ҲԼ˵ġ
ЩƣΪ˹ϵ׽˲٣ʵͷһͷȣ¥˹׻Ǹ¥˹ס
̳Ĭ

໹ΪǲˣҲ֪ôȰʵ¥֪ҲʲôоûУ֪Уû¥˹׸˭ߵĽ¥˹Ǹ̲Σɡ̸Ķ֪ĻΪѾ̸˶ء
¥˹ƽʱ䵭ӣЩɲ¡

̲ס̣֪˻ûһò죬Ҳ¥˹ʲô˼¥˹ףҲҪԥһ£Ͼ̼ã˱سǵļ
Ҳ֪ôοֻʵ˵һ䣬ͦģԽԽÿ˵رţܱôЦһ㶼ںƲˣ˵߸ϵģԽС
û˵Լĸܡ

нְ߶飬Ҳ֪ǲĴĪЩϤں֮ǰ
Ҳûʲô⣬ܶһ˶ǽ֣ϤҲûʲô㲻ٶˣʼ˼Լ¥˹׵Ĺϵ

ҲȶȣֻͻȻ׷¥˹ֵֵãԼû˼ôȥЩˡ
ϾǿŤĹϲ
̿ǰ·ԼӦҪһҩˣ¥˹ǸӣҪ˵ĹϵܻеĵȣǵԼҩãֻ˵ǿˡ
ҲûҪһֱϻʱˡ

ûټ⣬Ǹת˵
һ·ģʱ򼸸˵سǣȥʾҶóŷģӢյţҲǣһϲɫضزסôҶĽ
ҲĽ̲ס뵽ǰԼʱðʡᵽϼСʱҲдżţֱӴ绰Ƶˡ
뵽һᣬõԼڸв֪

̶࣬дúƱվԱرк飬Ƕ㡣
˶Ūˣſڵ³ɡ£ֱȥ䡣

Ҳֻȥ翴ˣسʵҲûʲôĵطһطӪ꣬ҶȥûǮӶýͰ͵ģȥҲֻǲķݡ
һҲ̫ණҲ᲻ˣڹһȦֻ˰ʮ֡
ȷʵûʲôԵģʳҪǷں۾һۣҲ̫ˣԲ֣żʱӣ˿Ŀ⣬̵Ǹ

̣֪Ŵɽ˵㶫˶һͣԼãŴɽӢġ
ں棬۾ĽĿǰӢŴɽð˵ǻؼҼҳӦÿˡ

̿ҲĽƽʱӢĻŴɽȫˣʲôϴ·ɶġãŮ֪УӢѴǸһ֪ԼҸҲ¥˹׺û뷨ôŴɽһ
ɫӣҲ̲סпһǰð
ͻȻãԼԺ¥˹һˣ¥˹׻Ŵɽ

֪Ҫǿһ˰ж
¥˹ףðɣԼˡ

ӹһ;ֱӻȥˡ
ȥԷҽŲܿ죬ԽԽ·϶ûʲô˵
֪ʱ򣬸պøϷ㣬ҲֻǲŰѲ˶˳ɡݣϽȥëͷ̵ɡȽϴʪĵط࣬ºȥ÷

û¥˹׵ӰҲû룬÷ϳԣҪһ䣬洫ʶ̧ͷȥͼԺſһһŮվ˵




35.  ʮ         ¥˹ס

¥˹, һ۾ϳˣŮˣǲôϤ, ֮ǰû˭ҵ֪ˣ뵽·˵Ļ˴𰸡
ҲˣҶû˵, ɫÿ, ô, Ȼҵ, ⡣
˵Ļһ㲻, ֱӽ˱

ԱߵǷ, Ҫǻ, ʱ϶ίȰһ, εʲôû˵, ۾ʱɫЩҲ֪ʲô

, ̵ķӦƽģƺʲô鶼ûӣԵĽζ

֪˵ʲô, ¥˹վһŻɫ䵭, ʲô鶼ûУ˿ӳʢһ뷹ԣ˹, һ
ֻǳ˼ںƺﲻԾü۾ΧɨһȦڲԶϣŤͷ˵˵ЦЦ־Լˣ㲻ٶ롣

극ҶصϢƽʱϢûʱ䣬ںòˣҶץú˯˯

̳극ûȥϢЬſˢϴǳſڡ
ҲûнѥҪôЬЬҪôŽţ̾ŽŲȫ϶ˮ׸ȾԸЬʪҲûŹߡ
Ь̫ĥˣŴǲЬѾȵĲܿˣȫͣһص֪ˣҪϴɾ

ϴЬӺܼ򵥣ʱҲûʲôˢɶģ±Ĳ࣬˿ȴǺܶģˮЬϵͳϴ飬ȻЬľҲ˿ˢϴ΢ˢӡ͵ˡ
ЬϴһʱͻȻһˡ
ʶŤͷۣ̲סһ㶣ü£

ɫЩŤŤģƺЩ˼ҡǸ
춼û˵һĻɴӿڴͳһСϥһš

Ƕŵģ󣬷ϥҲûȥʶͷۣǸͣ캫֡
̱Ҳ׼ģԼУˣʲôʱ
ǽӹȥʱͻȻۻȥһˣԭ

һ䣬㡣
˵תˣܿʧſڡ

̧ͷ뺰סѾˣüͷٴοϥϵĶû˵ɫų˼

¥˹ڳſڵλӣһĻǡУ򴽣һֱûջȥ

У̧ͷۣߺ£ʲôû˵ҲȻһЦֱӵͷˢЬӡ
ﻹţһð

Թ˻ЬϴúҲûȥ¥˹ףֱӻط˯

ڴϣԱߴϵ໹Щֱ֣ʳ첻ˣ
ʣһߵĺͷ󶼰ԵĿ˹

̵ɫ赭дһ磬̫ˣ˯Ϣһ¡

ҲֻǺʣûб˼ú˯һ

¥˹һֱûߣҲ֪Լڵʲôһζеûжĸо
ʱʱ̧ͷɫԽԽĬ

죬֪Ըо̺Ĺϵƺ̫һˡ
˭ܿóֺ飬ÿ춼ϲߴգǰǰˮȵ׷̵ʱҪС

˾ȵ̵̬ȣȲܾҲܣһѰӣĬˣĴ̼󣬻Ϊ֮صأ̸ֺˣÿΧת
ڣҶüû̺¥˹״һˣ˵ʵڻ̺¥˹һǶĬһˣͻȻôһֱӿԺˣ̫˵ô£

ǲ¥˹׾ܾ̲Ż佨һɪ̲ס¥˹͵͵קһ˵Ļһô£ˣ̲ͦõøСӣױ
벻ͨ¥˹ʲôҪǻÿ춼ƯŮΧԼתԼԵģ͸˼Һˣ˵ôʱ䣬ֻҪܵͷ
ôõĶң

¥˹û˵ü

佨⸱ƺ«ӣûҲ̵֪׿ʲôڣ˵ʵڻԺҪҸõģһ֣ѡ

Ҳ֪ľ仰¥˹ףͻȻ̧ͷһۣɫѱ档

佨һʲô˵ĻԼúɡ
˵תˣһӲʹ˵ģ̼ͽ˱ȥˣ˵κһˣὫø߸ߵģֻ¥˹ɵӣʲô
ûѾѧ

¥˹վû뵽⼸ûԼ뵽ĽӽЩꡣ
֮ǰúõģôȥسǻʲôˡ

ͶͶС
ԾѾˣҲһϹ

þûũˣһʱ仹ЩӦһֱΧתǳԼĻɡ

Ҳܾܾ˸ɻҪǱܻò˼ֱ׳ˡ
뵱ԭ˲ٺöǻûҪأЩ͵Ͷˡ

뷨ȻҲֻѣԭ£ԭûʸԭԭ£ϾһǶ˵ԭˡ
һʱţЩδ֪ģ̾͵ûˡ

ģ̬ȣˣҲֵ̱ǳݣҲڣǰ治ԶıӰ̲סԱ¢ϵС˾䣬¥֪ô£

ʲôô£ô¡
̻شĺܲġ

࿴һӣҲ֪˵ʲôˡ

̺¥˹ģæû϶೤ʱͰˣԴ̬ȣһֱǲ䲻ģ¹ಢ﹡ϣ
·￴¥˹ף¥˹׶滹վһŮˣ̿ˣúںݵģҲ֪˵ʲô˼£ŮϹŲõЦݡ

ҲˣзӦǰһ̣úϢҸ

⻰һ¥˹׵ע⣬Ťͷһۡ

̲Цˣû뵽һôϵŬסȻӿ˲Զ¥˹һۣп޵ĵͷ˵һ䣬㡣
ֱ̧ˣ·¥˹ʱûһŲͣ

¥˹ףս˼֡
վŮЦţ¥֪࣬Ҹղ˵Ļôʵ㣬絢һʱ䣬ӰϢġ

¥˹׻ع뵽⼸ụ̂򴽣Ǿܾˣ£˼ұ˰ɡ
̬е䡣

˵˵ͷֱˣܶûС

Į̬ȣһ˲ŤðŻôô£ˣ㹴־ˣΪǻһٽֵȻһöûС

뵽һٽңﲻŵġ
۾¥˹ױӰϣҧҧ




36.  ʮ         ¥˹׻ء

¥˹׻ص֪, Ժʱ۾֪ɨһȦûϤӰʲôû˵, ֱȥ
ѾˣûȥϴˢĶŲ˶٣ԥ̧Žȥ, ͬʱ̧ͷȥ, վ̨ǰɾʮ, ¥˹ɫһ䡣

ҲŲ, Ҳ֪ǲǴ˹˼, Ťͷһ, Ȼ¶Ц, 岻, Ұ
Ȼ֪¥˹ߵĽ, ֮ǰŭתΪڣΪ벻Լ, ʵԼ벻̣ụ̂ʲô, ҲʲôûС

Կ̺¥˹ֺּ߽, Ҳоˣ¥˹׸֪ʱٴУ˽ߣ̱ϲúÿ, ԸоĿͣ¥˹ϡ
¥˹Ǹ۸ڶˣ̣ÿ춼ǰ˵¥˹׻أҲˣҪϴ¥˹ðܵɽҵˣҲ˼

ʱ˵ദУջǵܣƫƫʲôˣϾûĸԼĶüȥ˵ҲʲôоûС

¥˹׸Ů˹ϵ׽֪Լˣˣõʱϸߣʱ޲һӲ棬ּСݲԼϲ˸Ů˹ϵ׽
¥˹һ߸ãһָǸŮԱ߽͸ԼһԼٵԼ֮Ĺϵ˵ģ¥˹ϵϰڳ
ã¥аҲֳô˾ӣȻˣԼҪúץסλᣬ̻صǰ

뵽ЦݼԺ̵ķҰ֣ǰҲģǳˣŸƢˡ
˵۲¥˹׵ɫҳһ˿

¥˹׽ߴƿֱߵ̨ȥæʲôû˵

Ҳ⣬ϴɾͳˡ

˭Ҳû˵Щѹ֡

Էʱ̵ķҲʢõģźǺģÿǸвˣʲô
Ҳѹֵԭῴˣò˵ôѾ˼ӻ᲻

İõıźţ극ֱӽǰһƣүƵģƨɾߡ

˿һۣЦһ磬ԣʰ
˵ͷԣ·

˿Ҳ˵ʲôˡ

¥˹״۽ķ˰꣬Ȼվˣ˳

ҶЩԾ࿴һۣŬŬ죬̱Ӱżֲм
û˵ֻɫЩ䡣

һֱڶ磬ϴ··ùȥˡ
֪ţֻ׿ӣЩ׼Լϴ
ɫȻĿˣԼתȥ˳׼װˮطϺȣ֪սͿ¥˹״ż飬ߺãϳ֮ǰ顣

ʲôû˵ֻǿһۣתȥ̨ǰ·˲ǺϤ

¥˹򴽣Ҳ֪ʲôܣǾؿЩơ
ǰϼ˳ȥ⼸Ѿˣڻ㡣
ͳһ

ˮưӹ⻰϶ͣҲûֻƽ֮ǰ˵ģǾˣû͵ǰʱѧѰɡ
ӸǸסŤȻͷƹߡ

¥˹׿ɫķ֪뵽ʲôͻȻֽ첲קס̲УԥĿڣǲǡ

֪û˵꣬ʹ̡
һȻԭﰡҺңһá
ƺע⵽¥˹ҲڣԽԽСʵ¶ɫûǰɣ


⻰ʵģں
ﶼ²ۣ֮ǰ֪֪¥˹׵ĸֹһڿȻ¶ˣ첻ڽ裬ϵʲôߣҲҸĵɡ

̿һ۷󣬵ûɫĵͷȥø㡣
Լĸ첲¥˹гߣ̧ͷһۣģԺ󶼲ҽ鷳ˣ⼸㰲Űɡ
ͷֱˡ

¥˹׿ıӰɫһ˲ķףʲô˼
ſڣҪ˽סվſڵķȿˣסǸ˵ˣҿСˣ㣬ûпգһ桭

̱ţǿסͷĳ嶯
Ҳ֪ԼĶԲԣ¥˹ʲôãڸ鷽治̫˵ܴһļͥأСȱѹֵĻг󣬲ֵܱҡ

ղ¥˹ס˵Ķˣ˶ʲôоûУ̸ܰϣ϶ϲġ
ϲϵԥӱܣƫƫϲ̬ȣϲˣʲôúµģ

ˣҲֻ˵֮Ե޷ݣܻЩź̲ڡ
ҪһΣƹϵϣҪ

̸ŷˣҲû¶С˼װʲô֪ӣص潫߽ˡ

ʱһֱѧ̶û¥˹˵һ仰Ҳ˼֮չֵֹģҲ֪ôݣÿο¥˹л˵Ȼûھͱˣ¥˹ױףﻹͦˬġ

мǿ꣬¥˹׵ĴԽԽƵҲ֪ǲ̵Ĵоÿο궼һ˵ģԽԽÿˡ
ĲԵľƤˣȻȲԼ˱ȷʵвࡣ

̺ôԺڱνǺĵãϴһʱͿʼױǮִƻƷƤڰģô廨ŵҲû˭ɺڱˣƤֱ漣ҽЧ

˵ûʲô⣬Ҫ¥˹ô׷Ҳֻ

³ѧѧУһѧʱþͿˣܳеʱ󣬾ͷֵ˹ڡ
ӻ٣֪Ǿؼһˣڵʱ̫ˣ£Ʊڻȥһˡ

Ҳ㣬ƻϲϱ仯׼ߵǰһ죬ǰϷһ¡




37.  ʮ         ̰ϡ

̰ϱˮˡ
ũ, СӳˮǺϡ£ÿ깫ﶼ֮ᷢǰ̰Ͼѧ, ˵£̻Ϊ£͸˼٣֪ڷżǰһ, ѧüҪ, ѧˮĹ˵, ʦ, , Ҫ١
ƺ, һˡ

̰༶, ڰ༶Ҳ, Уʱ˻, ѧУǰż٣ˮⶫдȾԵģ˵ҽƽ˲, ŴֻҪͺˣҲС
Уʦÿ༶˵һע, ûȥˮѧ˵һҳк, ǮҲʲôӣȥҽƵӴ롣

ùˮ˻壬̻ԭ֮ǰûù, ҲûϣƽʱԺúȺã岻֪ཡӦûôù
ȥˮѧкȥһҽƵ㣬׼ҩʲôģ˵ˮգһڻϷˣҲʱӦһ£ȻصҾͺˡ
׼˻ؼҵģҪ֪ԭĸڵôΪӰǰͿʼڴǡ

ֻϧҽƵҽڣӦȥ˿ˣֻˣԼӦûô

ƫƫõĲ黵飬ϴʱ̾ͷԼŰ׳ˮݡ

һְ˰ҲʹҲǽ·߶˻Ҳˮ
Ը·߶ⷽ룬һ綼ȥѧ֪ͨЩѧҲһӵģȶܶˡ

㷵ģϴ͸Ͻϴ˯ˣ绹Ҫϻ𳵣žˮҲû£ˮݣصңȥҽԺܱҽƵá
ôţﻹ˿

֪㲻㣬ڶʱͷ϶ðˮˮ٣һһˮǽŰģˮСָ׸ô
඼ˣҲװ׾ģ˵ˣ߶ûУһðüˮ̫ˡ

Ҳ˲ûԾ͸ϽȥҽƵ㣬ҽƵ㲻Ŷӣ󲿷ֶǼҳźӹ룬м̵ѧˮǼ

̸սţҽ˵ˣҩˮˣɣȲĻȥɣע·ϲܴ硣
˵ͼŸˣƺҲԼȾˡ

̻ص֪ʱ˶ڳԷʰĲˣͶѷſüֱӽݣ󿴵վʵ̣ȥˣһ綼û㡣
·˹ϵƵġ

̵ͷƻ˾䣬岻βؼˣȻ߰ɣõˡ
˵ֱӻ˷䣬ǽӴ̫࣬˱Ⱦˡ

Ȼȥһˣȷʵû취ţ·״Ⱦ˲˵ҪڻϱҲ֪ô
ڴϣ洫ϸϸܿǾͳ극ˣ໹ص©ĶڴϣСһ䣬û°ɣ

̲˵ʵºָֻҡҡͷû£ˣͷۡ
Ȼñӽͷ

ͷȷʵܻؼˣҪ·ϳ£Ҳ֪˭
Ǽ̲һеġ
ϴͬ飬ú˯һҷ¹ˣǵԡ
˶ţĵĽϡ

ſڴҶ׼ˣǻѾߵԺˣڸ¥˹˵鷳ˣǵÿŵأ͵˲ˣҲǵιһ¡
Ȼֻ٣ÿ˶˼죬е죬е죬ò׻ȥһˣڼһ£Ҳʲôũæʱ򣬶ӳͦ˵ġ

౳Ű߹ȥʱ¥˹嵭õġ
һ䣬̷ˣ¥֪ྯһ㣬Żͦصġ

¥˹̧̧Ƥӹһ˿û˵ʲôֻһ

պ˹⻰ɫƵĿ¥˹ס
ߵĽŲЩԥƵŮ֪෿Ĵ̵̣ˣǵúúչԼ

˵ֿվڲԶ¥˹ףǵԼؼҺ¥˹ײҪ̡һߣ֪㲻ʣ̺¥˹ˣйŮģɲ˶롣
뵽װģߵ¥˹ǰƤЦⲻЦֵܣҶͽˣóԵġ

¥˹ɫû˵ֱƹˡ

״ɫЩÿЦһԱߵĳ򶫡˵˾䣬Ʋ˭أ

εЦЦϲˣ֪Ӧð˭

ǳ򶫣Ϻ˵湤ûһת˵𣿳ˡ
Ů֪֪࣬ڶʼˣ

һߣ֪Ͱˣڴϣû˲´
ȥ˳һ׷Ͳˣǻؼң·ϻҪϳԵıȽϺã׼粻ˡ

ȴˮϴȻǰԣϴʱ½ϵˮϴˣˮմʪȻëѹһѹǲˡ
س̫ԶˣŰĶˮݣ߲ô·Ҳﳵᴵ磬ˮá

̳ԷʱڷﴫҲ֪¥˹ʲô
¥˹ûлؼ£ǰ֪ˣʱţǸǸŮԱˣﻹЩþҲֻ룬϶Ҫȥһ˵ģû뵽ԼҲû߳ɡ

̵ͷԷʱ¥˹׶һ軻ıһƿŰ壬Ϳǰ̣϶һ٣ͷҲֻ̧ǵͷĬĬԷ졣
̲ס뵽֮ǰ֮ǰֻҪԼЦÿģĿںڵķĪЩʧ䡣

΢ͷľֱߵſڵʱ򣬽ŲԥͣŤͷ̣һ䣬㴲ҪҪҲϴһ£

̵û뵽˵һ£̧ͷȥף˶٣Ȼҡҡͷá
ϴ϶Ҫϴģ⼸ˮǵˮϴȽϺãܾ

˵Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôͷԷ⼸ǸŮԱЩζһʼʱ̬ȿĲˣû뵽׷ܸ˵ٻҲ֪ʲôÿ춼
˵ǰǹ֣еˣƢˡ

¥˹ײ֪룬Ĭһ£Ȼһ
תš

ԶĽŲ̧ͷıӰЦˡ
ôˣôһûС
˴ĶԲȥˡ

̳극ͻ˷˯
緹¥˹ģ̳극͹·ȥҽƵ㣬һҲ֪ǲĴоֳ˺üˮݣסˡ

ȥҽƵʱҽ˵ûȥҽԺҩӣȥӲˣӻû绹Ҫȥ
ʱǺΣյģû˻ỨǮȥҽԺһ㶼ũнӰæ⼸ǿҽƣ΢еĵżҶὫҽƵҽҽڣﶼ̤ʵһЩȻҲȷʵãüζ˲

ȵˣ붼Ϳ첽ܻ֪ˣʱҲ˲Ϻ¥˹ƢæȥӳгﳵȥسǴ롣
ٲƣԼ¶ˮˡ

ԭ¥˹׻˵ʲô֪һ˵ͷеˣߵſڵʱ򣬻ͷ侲ȥӿڵҡ

æͷ룬תطǮָԼ˼ף˴ͷβ
֪ãȥӿڵ¥˹ס

¥˹׺ܿˣﳵͣǰ̶׾Ϻȥ󱳣Һˣˡ

ǰ¥˹һˡ
Ͻ̤壬ǰȥ

е죬̸Ͻ£·ס˫Ҳ·ͷõ͵͵ġ
һҲ

һʱ˭û˵ǲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôʵЩ飬Լе˻û׷أͿʼˣ¥˹ײϲûдֻǰͨˣԼҪ̫ࡣ
˵ģΪˮʹת

뵽ЩյĻţʱʲôˣҧҧʮ̲ĵһҵ˵ǸŮԱˣﳵ᲻ᰡģȻһ͵ģҲʵҲˡ




38.  ʮ         




⻰˵ĺǲҪ, Ȱ˵¥˹ͷϣԼΪŮԱ˲Źӣװģίһ, ôϲԸΪ˰ŮԱᣬվͣҲ, Ҳѡ鷳
һ¹ɵŮͬ־

һûԼ˵ʲô, ⻰̽˼, ô˵, ׺ǸŮԱʲôϵ

ǰﳵ¥˹⻰, ˿ͬʱЩպ, ȶ, պһ˵Ĵ, һֶֻ, ȷʵˡ
֪˭ǰǸյŮԱ̸һӦ, ֪£ҲǺب֮һ̣ҽ, ֪Լ̫֮ĲʣͥĲ, ԸĲʣ˶Դ̬Ȳʡ
ǵĶ̫ˣѡ
˿ǰ˵

⻰, ˿붼ͽ͵ûе£ϹʱǸŮԱ˾Ұæһ¡
ᣬ˵һ㣬ŮԱҪ޸һʮͬ⣬˹ģҵʱӾˣǰæ˭Ҷġ
⼸챻ǸŮԱŵл£ʵ֮ǰùķӣ֪ΪʲôÿιĨǵУصĻϲˣȴֻʣᷳ

⻰˵ƲƲ죬æ
ôֻл¥˹ײлˣţʲô˭֪

Ȼ²ö˵ʲôͦõģΪǺ£һΪ̸ˣ棬±ʲôġ

¥˹˲˵ЩۣҲ֪ʲôֻ⻰оί

¥˹սеĳ֣һ˲Ҫ̹ס
ϲҲϲĻҪϲſںǵĽҪ˵Ļջȥˡ

ʲôһ𣬻̡
һܻسˣûһܹ̹Ȼ󷽵ĹϲĬĬֱַ
ûеõҲͲᾭʧȥʹࡣ

һˡ
ȻûжĽˡ

̿Ҳû̸ˣͷŤһߣ˵
ﲻ̬ȣ̲סԼԺһĻԺҪǳˣ᲻Ҳʲô˵Ҫ

뵽ָ˴󱳣һ䣬ǸŮԱ˭úÿ˭ÿ
һص㡣

ϧ¥˹ûץסа۵Ļһ䣬꣬Ӧü
ûлش

̲ԸŹһ飬ÿ˭ÿ
ǰ¥˹üƺ˼һȻش֪Ӧòɡ
ȷʵ֪ôע˵òȥ룬벻ʲôӵġ

࣡
ò˵ˣͷԱһŤıˡ

¥˹֪ҪԼЩЦƤ񣬵ȴû룬ѵòһ䣬Ƕ˵㳤úÿ

ˣں淭˸ۡ
˭ﱣֻɣôû˭ÿˣ

ôһ·쳯سȥسǺֱȥҽԺ
ҽԺ󣬺Ϣǽһ뱻ˢɵɫϵĵˮ࣬һξľʵİ᳤Ρ

ҽԺ˲٣ɢŻǵˮζ
վڴ¥˹ĻڱȥҺˣŴȥƤơ
سǵҽԺҪҽƵĶ̵࣬ˮˮһ㣬ԣһͺˣҪ졣

ѡˮʿȥ˹ҩˮķ䣬ûˣʿֱܲϾˣ֮ǰ¥˹״кעһ㣬ҩˮ˾ȥˣȻᷢѪҺ

¥˹ͷԱ߿ţҲ֪ҽԺµͻǵˮԵʣһ͸ое䣬ϵ׹˼֣оģһ죬СʱùˮдȾԡ

¥˹׻һ£Ȼͷù
֪뵽ʲôɫ˼֣뵽ʲô̫õ£̲²ĸףûмˣҲЩʧ䣬Ҫִĸĸ֪˻֪жżȴֻ¥˹ҽԺ뵽̲סпһҺû㡣

¥˹̧ͷҩˮƿĶһ٣۾ͷϣ³󣬽ͷúܵͣͷҲɢڵ˿ƺע⵽Ŀ⣬æϵ׳ͷʵʵֻ¶һ˫ĵĴ۾Ҳ̧ͷ˹žţôˣǲֳˣ

¥˹׿Ҫʶȥæֹˣ޳һס̲ͷС֣ƽЩǡ
ֻǾ仰΢΢ЩǵһαҪš

¥˹׵ĺܺÿֳϸǽڷͦ񣬺ı̵СĿһ־ͱסˡ
˿Ȼʲô߽ŲסϣͻȻ֣ԼҲֿء

̽¶˶ȻСָסģ˿ʱԴߵůůֺ

¥˹׸ܵıС֣һ£ѡûջȥ
˽û˵֮ȴ̶׵£ŵһʮָۣû˵ʲôǵôߵܲߣ㻳￿һеˡ
˵˸ĹǷ

¥˹ûдˣô˯ˣ綼˯úõˮ

̺һƨǱŲŲҪͷϡ
Ҳǳεģÿݵ߶з֣պʺϲ˹ҩˮ¥˹ŵϣмŷ֡

¥˹׿ӣֻεһߣ̵óѵЦЦǿһ䣬ǲˡ
ȻǵĽԴϣֱ۴ƹȥ͸ղһʮָۡ
ԶԶţһС¡

¥˹˸죬̽ϵ££ֲһ䣬Ҳ˯һɣԽͷԴϣ͵ҡ
ϳˮܳ󣬲뱻

¥˹ûģ˶˯ˣҩˮû֪

˵˯˯ˣǵˮԵʣ¥˹׻һͱ۾

¥˹׵ͷһۣڵϵӣĺйɵһһЩЦ
ֽ·˳Щڿ̳ˮǵúƽʱûʲô
ŮȵĺӴŵģҲûʲô˼ע⵽Ͼˡ

˯֣ƽʱڴ϶ϲȥ˵¥˹׻ˣסһ˾Ҫ»

¥˹ûӣֻһֻֽڻ˯š
Ϊ΢΢㣬°Ҳ̵Ķͷžһ

¥˹׸ŻϤϢͻȻЩʱ̫ˡ




39.  ʮ         һ˯

һ˯е, ¥˹׺üˣ¥˹ͳ, ȥлʿ
ӻЩԺ⻰ʶͷ

¥˹׿һۣĵתȥȻûþʹŻʿ, ʿȥµˮƿ, ò, Žֱϵܰε, ˵Ż, ǵҲҪ

վ, ϵ½Լס, ¥˹վԱ, 鶫
̳ʱ򻹴һС, Ǯͻڡ

ߵʱ춼Щˣǻص, »ˣЩҽ¥˹ϣȻһ˻ȥЩ¡
¥˹ſڵ, ȥҳ̽İ˷, ʱҲ֪һҪǮһ㣬ӶˣȥҲ鷳, ŵȻȥӪӳԡ

ôģҲôģ¥˹ﳵʱ̾ȥӪ꣬¥˹׻е˷ѣȥҲһ
ӪĶˣˮͻ˲Ǯ

̲ίԼˣԶٺõܣڿˣȻһҪȥ˹㣬⼸춼Ҫ賵ã㶫͸ӳ
ӳ˲Ǹƽϵģ͵㶫֪ڱô˵

Ȼ¥˹ײ̣Ҳ˼û˵ʲôˡ
¥˹ﳵ·ȥ˹Ӫ꣬Ӫ껹ûйţ̸ҪˮȣˣҲںôһʱ
¥˹ԥվһԣֱߵſһ£ӲͳƱǮȥæǣǾˣҪһӡ

¥˹Ȼ˼ǵͷϻ
첽ȥˡ

̹Թλϵ

ڸ¥˹׽󣬽ҲźˡӪ겻ʵǾǺݵӣǽ߷ųһɨȥˣ¹ʱ䣬س΢õļͥһ١

Ӻ˺󣬴﹤ԱҡҡȻ󱨺ţ̽ŰĶˮݣ·¥˹׺ԾĹȥ˹㣬¥˹׷ˡ
һӣڣģ̺¥˹׶ЩˣҲ˵ͷͳԡ

̳һ̲ס̾ÿ춼ԡ

¥˹˺Цÿ춼ǳˣĸǳ﹤ˣҲûôݳ޵ġ
뵽̵ļҾ˵ǸĸҲǹˣµǰӦûⷽķա

̧ͷһۣԵһҸģ־ܺã˵ѣȴӦĺܿ졣

Ҫ֪¥˹룬϶˫ͬԱִٿڣԼôӦֱ˼顣

̵ͷԣһжʮҸԲĹĵģѧʳñĽȣֱġֻϧӲӲţʮͶˣҲ̲ȥˡ
¥˹׻ڳԣ̽ԼԲµĽ¥˹̧ͷֱ׳˷ѡ

¥˹ü̲סȰһ䣬Ե㡣
۾ɨоֻһ롣

ҡҡͷˡ
˵껹ĶӸеĽ˿ʣҲܺúȣ̵ģζ滹˴л̲סڡ
¶ǱĲٱˡ

¥˹׻û̱꣬㽫õĺõԼǰ¥˹׵潫Ƿһ̸ƱǮȫӳ᲻ãԴһ˵࣬ò˲֡
¥˹̧ͷʱ̶ЦҸγԡ

¥˹׿һۣû˵ͷԽӣĽëסЦ⡣

¥˹׽ĽȫˣֺȹʣµĴȹˣ˵һβʣ
̾ȵĿһۣ¥˹Щ죬վܿߣ߰ɡ
̷ֺõĺװС

ţְ˼֣ɵģӪǽӱǰ̿һۣѾˡ
ú¥˹Ҳгһȥ̾͵͵һѣ¥˹׸оˣһȿˡ
͵Ťͷϴ𾪺գ㡭
û˵һĻ

ҲЩ˼ڨڨģҿô֪࣬ûб󣿡

¥˹Ҳ֪ûţͷŤȥˣû˵һ仰

̻ں治ľҸˣƽİ
Ȼ󲻿˼ҰҰ죬ƽԼм鸹
ˡ

¥˹޿̣ҧС棬̡
ֱӻ֣ɼˡ

ں̬ȼõˣҴҴˡ

¥˹ûٴģȴɫˣûԼ̵Ķ䡣

һ·ع磬Ȼɫˣ̻ǽȻشӳңгǸҪûȥӳһϿ¶˯žʱǵݸӳϱԭЩ˵Ĵӳϱ϶ʱЦ˻춼Ҫ賵û˵ͬˡ

̺¥˹һ·߻֪㣬ͷҹҲһ㶼塣
·ϣקס¥˹׵½ǣ¥˹׵ͷһۣû˵ʲô

һص֪㣬͸Ͻȥˮϴ̻Ŵ׸ˣǰոĸĹģǮƱӲһŴУҪǰһŴ׷ԣû֡
¥˹ǰݺˮú͵ƻ˷裬ֻ֪һյú͵ƣƽʱҶǳ극͸ϽϴúǮʡ

̽ϴúûط䣬·ʱ¥˹װˮˣҲطϴ衣
¥˹׿ݣ˵һ䣬ϴţȻҰ㵹

Ťͷ¶Ц

ںģȻ˵ƣо࣬ϴãгӣϴκϴʱʹӴܳһֻڳ棬ֻ޴ǯ󷿼˺þá
ºǿʬ壬˵жرۡ

̴Ҵϴ裬ϰɫıĺͳ㣬ʽģȾ黨黨еĵطûȾãһţӰ촩ţĸϵӣһ㶼˴߳Ա
Ӿ̻ʽĸüĹģʽսţɵģʺ촩ǰǸ̥һӾʹ֣滹ϥ

ϴ裬ȥţȻ󳯶溰һϴˡ

漴ﴫ¥˹׵ĻӦ

ܻ̾ԼϣʣаȫУʵʵںãڴȷ硣һ¥˹ײŹˮҲϴ裬ϻ·
ȥæϴһû֮ǰæںţһ˯
˵ˡ

̿һʧŷУЩźҪŮѣǾͿһЩˣСʲôģҶڣǶõĻᰡ
̲ס¥˹ײϡ

һ˯ţǸҹèӣȻߺϢʱ˺ܶ࣬˯𣬵Ҳû˯ôģƽʱϻ̸أһ˵ܾõĻ

ڴϷ˼̲ס˴һŷ쿴棬ղ¥˹׽ú͵ˣ͸ŷ죬Ȼ⡣
²¥˹ڿ顣

룬ת˼ϣȻèȥ˶档




40.  ʮ һ         淿

淿ƽʱز, һƾͿˣ¥˹ڴϡ
Լϵıһǣ¶ľ, ú͵ƾͷ棬΢ĵƹ⿴顣

˵ͷú棬Ҳûע⵽̽ϸ΢
֪, ÿһ, ǵΧ
С߹ȥ, ˺ŵЬ, ҪĴ, 岢ȶ, ղһֻžͷ֨ѽ, ¡

¥˹ע⵽, ʶŤͷ, ̣۾΢΢
û뵽̲ס𾪡

̿Լ, Ҳ£קһѣ˴, Ȼƹȥţ, ܵ˯ţ㻹û˯͹
ȻװģҲһ䣬ôҲ˯ﳵ𣿡

¥˹׿һۣҡҡͷ, һ䣬ղϴͷûɡ
ﳵǲۣ˺ູܶʱʪˣϴͷ

̿ʪͷͷ쳤һͷ飬ǰŸпαġμǡ
࣬ǳиʱʦҪ󿴵ģдõϣ˴ѧǿС˵һЩᣬתŲ¥˹׶棬ǽţ˫ϥϥϿ
һ߿һȷ硣

ʮ³Щȵģú͵ƣΧ˲Сɳ档
̸Լ£Ȼ¥˹һ¡

紵¥˹ϣ̧ȥںڵӳůɫĵƻһ㵭Ĺâ
۾¶ЦȻͷ顣
·𲢲ʲô¡

¥˹׼״Ŀ˶٣ȻҲͷ
ֻǲԾ

¥˹׵ͷҲ̰æȷԵʣܿ͸ˡ
ֱӣʱ䲻ˣȥ˯ɡ
˵Լе飬ҪӴ׼ͻط䡣
һ·Щġ

̺Ǹɴķе顣
ǴӴβģЬҲ´Ҫƹ¥˹ףԭȵλϣʱץס¥˹׵ĸ첲¥˹׵ͷһۣĶͣ£Ȼûץס

̴Ӵ֪¥˹ҲҪ´ƹʱֱӴϣ¥˹׾ڴβǺܿվһֻȥЬӡ

ú͵ƵĹֻһСط汻ţںģĲǺ˰ԼЬӵӰӣҲû룬žЬϲȥ
ûעⴲĸ߶ȣбʱ򣬷ָźܴľ룬ûȵʵأһ׹Ȼһġ
ǰ¥˹ּۿסˡ

ֱײͷײǰ˷һƺ߳ʹ
һֻŻڴϣһֻŲ͵ϡ

ʶ̧ͷֱӶ¥˹׿ӡ

棬ߡ

ȵĺϣܵϵֱۣ۾΢΢󣬿˶¥˹׵۾ںڵӣͦıֻҪǰ΢һ˾ܼ
̿ˣ¥˹װûЩߣȻʹľ졣
˼ԣҪס

¥˹׸о걻ʲô΢һ¡
һǷӦʲôӻȥͷסҲɿɿ
״ε㡭ҡǸˤ𡭡

ûһۣһ̫ܣֱ˫ǿӲסϰһڡ
ҲûʲôӦ¥˹׵ļվӣֻŶ˵ϣҵЬӣ˲಻ˣֱӴϡ
Ȼתߣһ䣬Ҳ˯
ӰЩĶӡ

¥˹ýģ̧ͷһۡ
򴽣̲ס̧һ죬þƽ

ڶ̺ˣûֻ֪͸ĵϰߣʰúֱȥ˳
˯ڸڵ¥˹׻ûжǵһμ˯ôõģ뵽£ЩȣºЩˣ첻ȥҽԺ
¥˹׵ӣ־ԼˣãҲ

ϴ꣬ȻݺõŴƽʱһڹʱ˳֮ǰʱŪĹϳһ̲˺ͻƶƶֱӸɳģ˾Уⶫ֪УƽʱҵʳżװڿڴϹ˾ͳϼ
ٲ˻ƶۣ̾һѳ졣

Ȼ̲ˣ̲˳úһСࡣ
˲һˮһһͣȻʱʱʱÿӽһ£ճ
ֻ¥˹˳ԣǲôû߹㡣

ŪЩ̽ղųĻƶϵɷ״õߦȣ֮ǰѧũģߦ桢á
ߦõ죬Ź˹Ūɷ״ˣûлʯĥĥϸ壬ҲԽá

ʱŴ׷Ҳˣ̽Ŵ׷ߦȴһȿʱò˵Ŵı߼ѹɹ״Ȼгһϸ
ֽϴɾĺó֭Ҫ̫ǣӾͿˣ̲ϲ̫ģڹﰾ֭ʱгɳŴڻƶй˹һʮȫڵжѺãȻճǽ
һξˡ

Ҳʱ򣬸ڷ¥˹ҲˣͷҲûأ·ʲôûӶȥϴԳˡ
϶ûͣηһԣȻ󽫸ղŴ׷ĹùһСһСģеһͣԼģ⼸Ҷڣ̺¥˹׳ԵĶԼġ
ȻװҲ˷ѣ˺̽ղĹͷŽȥը

¥˹׿һۣ±ʲôƿߡ
ƿЩպޣԱķ絭ֵĺ̫һЩ
뵽¥˹߹ȥϻָƽ

֪߽̾ͻȻһըõĹʹ˴Ȼֱ
ԣһס¥˹׵ſһֽȥ
¥˹׷ӦͶһĶ

ҲԼһ飬ըɽɫĹͣʲôûţҲ㡣
Աߵ¥˹ûùеľæˮҨһưˮưˮһѣȥϴɡ
Ȼܡ

¥˹׿һۣתˣŸιĹ͡

̽ը÷У룬ֽʢŽ˳С
Ͼ̲ˡΡͺͰࡣ

Ҳûн˶˵ϳˣֱڳԵģ˷̨ϣڵࡣ
¥˹׹ȻϲΣ˺üӣע⵽ˣ˱Ƚϲڵģ̼ϲ̲סЦҸͷǸҲܺóԡ

¥˹̧ͷȻۣ˵һ䣬ʡŵ㻨

ûһ䣬ҪõģԽ

¥˹ײ˵ˡ

극̾ͰӸ¥˹ˣ¥˹׺ԾĽʰɾ˵·ȥӱϴæЩȥسǼˮ
ߵʱ򻹽ûĺκ͹ʹˣװֽаãһƿˮ
ʵ֤ǶԵģǵҽԺʱѾˣһӣˮЧģȻϵˮûȥҲûгˡ

커ʿƿһƿģһƿСģ֧ϣˮʱ̻˴¥˹׵ĸ첲Сߵʱʻʿҩƿܴܲߣ

¥˹űֽҽԺXʰǼǰݣù⻰Ťͷһ֣Ҫʲô

ʵҲ֪ڿʲôǺõģ׽ֻөŽȥϿԵơ

¥˹׻Ϊŵˮأ⻰˳˼ȥ룬Ȼҡҡͷ˵ơ

ûĿһۣ
ص㲻ǵƣǷ˼

¥˹ֱЦˡ
Ҳ֪⻰ЦȻŬ𴽱ЦĪһۣ֪Ц˵⻰ġ
һɻ¥˹ϵЦ̲סЦͷֱŤȥˣһһġ

̱Цջˣϴһ£С˾䣬в

¥˹Цˡ

ˮ¥˹׻ǰҪƿӡ
ҽԺֱȥһһ⣬ͷߣҲûԷˣȥӪ̫ݳˣɴཫϴĺκ͹ͳˣسûطϢ˳˳·ϳԵģһµأ·߳ԡ

ϻʣΣһ飬һС룬һһ飬ȵˮ
ƿ̵ģ֮ǰԵӲͷ̺ݸ¥˹ף¥˹ͷƿӾٸߣûƿӿںȵģƿӿе󣬻ˮ©ģǻ¥˹ײ
µ°ͣ޳Ĳӣɽһĺᡭ

̿Сֹһ䣬ֲû׹ȸˮô

󣬵Ľ¥˹ôպһˮûȫȥ⻰ֱǺˣͿȳ

̼״Ͻ󱳣ûôȸˮǺ

¥˹ײ˵ͷͶ䶼Щ졣

ص֪Ѿˣ¥˹ľͰȥˮˮ龫ӡ
ҲûЪţȽһڴﰾͣͷҪ䶳͡
Ȼ緹緹̯мˮٵͣɺ״УúܱÿҪòӲͣѹһ˶ʮš

һ⣬ܼ򵥣һ廨ʹŽʮӣȻ̳ƹгϸ˿ְгɱƬڵм䣬ƹϷڱΧҪľǽϣ⡢леģ͡סκһ裬󽫵õĽ֭档
ϻȱ˼ζЩҲˣñԣģ˱ѼĳԷ

ʱ¥˹Ҳˮˣһףƽʱģһˣֱۻˣ̿ӱͨ죬޽ǶǺ飬Щۡ
˵ȥ¥˹ҲûʲôĽӶ˹ȥˣڴ˼װ˫Ҳȥˡ

¥˹׻Щȣëʪ˲̹ëĨ˰ͷȥˣ¶ƯĶͷһƤȾŵĺ죬쳣

ʾһ鱡УȻպŽƬּһӻƹ˿һ˰
ݸ۾ģԣóȳԡ

¥˹Ҳнӹ

ָԼһԵ棬۾ЦÿģϲϲԺһòã

¥˹⻰û϶һ٣ͷȻûһеʳ

̼״Ҳû̫ʧֻϺһС˾䡰Ϲ

극Ѿˣ̽װһʱⶼǺ⣬֣ġ
ﻹл¥˹׽ϴɾһˮˮ˺üΣǰĿˮҨľȵģĿˮ̶װľȥ˷䡣
ϴ˸裬Ȼ˯

һ˯ڣıȽöˣ¿𣬿ͷ¥˹Ͱ跹
¥˹׵ջǺܲģͰ跹ڣ¥˹׿һϲЩЦãֲǺѣ˵һ䣬ǰڼҶģܳԡ
ǽΪʲôһ֪ôˡ

̵ͷ֮ǰ˵ģǰڹùüӲǺܺù
û˵ʲôˡ

̺һ극ܵ¥˹״ȥˣ¥˹ʰóݣҡϵ̣һ죬Ҳû˵˵ĻĬĬתȥݴŹϣ׷ɽ
ֽú͵ƺͰҶˣҶſڣѬһѬó档

Ҳصϣһú͵ƷڴβľϣԼš
ƣ¥˹׵ıͷõͷø߸ߵģȻȥȡ
¥˹׵ͷ鲻쳤ȣýȣۣҪɣ
˵ԼҲȤûʲô˼Ĺ£ҲУ

¥˹⻰е飬ƫͷһۣȴҡҡͷ
ʲô£ǰǾùú͹øԹ쵼ô۸ˣѼĹĶǣЩӦòϲҲ˵ˣ뽫ԼȥЩ֪

̵ûж룬ֱͷڻٺ١ЦȻҸ˵
ȻԼǰżҷĹ¼˵涼Ǹֹ£ǰľ飬ˣǵǰŵðҹ˯žмڻӡ

˵һͷŮʬĹ£úһ¥˹ף֪Խ˵ԽͣԼ˸ʿˮеͷˣһǸ˵Цɡ
ȻϽ˵һЦСְ˵Һ䣬ְ۵˵ϽȥǽǴţС֣Ϊʲôְ˵Ϊǽоʮȡ

˵Լ͹ЦЦúܲģͻȻŤͷʲôûУЩ£¥˹߼˼

¥˹׺ЦЩ⽨ţ档
۾̽§ڻеͷЩȣһ䣬ҪҪˮȥ㵹һˮ

붼ҡͷһץס֣ʣߡ

еˣ뵽ĹڣܸожЩڿ⡣
ҧҧȻԥ̧ͷǸܸܲһ˯




41.  ʮһ һ         ¥˹

¥˹⻰, ֱŤͷŵĿҲ̧ͷ, ƯεСϣմмɫԲ㣬ԣƤ, ˮҲǳɫ, ҲǴս˲ſˮȷʵЧ, ˯һϵˮȥ, ʿ˵, ˮȥ, ܿ, Լͺˡ
ϵˮС, Ҳ, ĸȥľ

¥˹ײ˵Ť, ֪̾ˣ۾Ȥʲôأ佨˯, Ĵøҡ
ͬ⣬Ͻһ, ݵصʱڵ˯أҲʲôŮһ³Կɣ

¥˹˵, ֪뵽ʲôͷһ

û뵽ͬˣڣֱһˣ˯ˡ
۾һգһ·˯һ㡣

¥˹׼״ʱ˵ҲûʲôҪ˵ľˣ׿ڴӦġ
һ񾲵ӣ¥˹΢ǣ´ú͵ߣ˳ѹôβǣȻתȥԱ佨Ĵϡ
佨ϵıҲ֪ûϴˣһŨĺζ¥˹üڴϣס

ڰУͻȻ˵һ䣬¥˹ף

¥˹ûۣϵĽëȴԾ˲һʶģ֮ʣߴһġ

һҹߣڶԱߴϵ¥˹Ѿˣһǽ֮ĳﴫڳæš
̴ӴһʱǿԼȺ͸첲ˮȥˣӸǰһʺãƤף̣Сóҩ֣ǰž;ʵҪСʱĺãԺúȺãƽʱֲԭҲ⣬ãǶ磬ոĸ޲ϳ裬СʱõûٳԣôĵطҲûʲôġ
ǣͷʹȵġ

緹¥˹Ͱ跹ֺóԣϴúҲˣ¥˹׽Ƿݷ÷̨ϣȻ˶ڳſڳԡ
ƺǺܺãЩ¥˹̧ͷ˿üȻǾߣ·һϴ

붼͵ͷ֪ꡣ
ȷʵ鷳ֻг·ߣˮӦþˣϵˮȥˣٳҩӦþͺˡ
ҽҩ춼ڳԡ

¥˹һҽ˵

극˾ʰţ붼ûϴȴĹͷ߹ˣ׼ԡ

ӣȥӳҽгһ·ȥҽԺȥҽҽָ̻Ŀ죬ٵһҩˮҩٳ죬ϲµĲࡣ
ˣ̹ԹԸŻʿȥ¥£ҲһƿĺһƿСġ

ˮҽԺѾˣųǻŻ¥˹ﳵȥ⣬ȥһʾ֣д˷żĻؼҡ
ǰ¼ҲûҪдţӦõĻˣ»Ϊ·ϳʲô¡

Ȼ̺¥˹׻ص֪ʱ򣬲̶ӳ˹˵˵绰ִ绰ˡ
̸մӹﻹһòȥһˣﴧëǮȥ˹磬¥˹ڼ棬óԼˡ

̴ɡȥ˹磬·û֪꣬һ֪㣬ͻȻꡣһ·ȥ˹磬һ绰̭ģ˵Ϊÿ깫Ͻʳ࣬⽱ģĹ綼ûС

Ȼе绰õҲ࣬˹ίԱʱ̲ͨոĵ绰ԭʱոˡ

绰һȻ洫һŮ˵ãǺոʲô𣿡

̿ãմͬ־

õģԭΣԵȡ

û̵ȶã绰һϲ̡

Ϥ̱ͷһᣬ绰ͷԭ׵еʱȴĪϤĸоϵѪԵ̲סԼװ֡
򴽣һ䡰֡

绰ͷһȻ󽹼ʣôˣ˵żٻҺ趼ˡ

̸Ͻԭһ飬Ѿûˣҽ˵ֻҪҩȫˣǱģҲҪż٣ʱܻܲȥǣ軹𣿡

һͷո⻰ɬŮĳˣ֪裬ֳҲ֪³˶ٿ໻ģ۾΢΢죬úúãҸ趼ãǣȻˣǾͶԵģúţǮڹõĺܣҲû¡
˾ģҪѳ쵼ˡ

̲֪ո룬ոиղŽӵ绰Ů˵̬ȣոڹӦûô⡣
Ҳǣոôڹһӣ֮ǰ쵽˸λã쵼ֶǲȱģûͲô׵ˡ
̹Թһ֣ģҲŲԼأҽ컹ˡ

ǾͺãǾͺãҲţʱǸͬ־ǺӲлл˼ҡ

˼͹ҶˣȻں绰ѣţû绰ʱ쵼Ա޿ţ̹ϵ绰Ц鷳쵼ˣǵ绰Ǯҷˡ
˵ŽëǮϡ

Сͬ־ߡ

滹꣬Сһ㣬ɫԽԽڣ绹г̻꣬ص֪࣬û뵽һԺӣȴһ֮ˡ
Ůվڳ£һƾɵĲӣϴŻ˴Ų··˵ƺЩˣϣеСӴ˵·¶ƤƻƵģɫŲ۾ں
ƤСС죬ϸģ
վſڣű߷һѶ˼֧ܵɡһѲ˺һ¥˹еȥ˵ŷԣ¥֪࣬Űɣллġ

¥˹üüżֲͷҲظ˵ҲҪҲҪĸлûȥ

Ů˷·ûһЦݸӲˣ¥֪࣬ҿ֪˺ãϲܱ˵ĶҲǱˣԴϴΰңҾͰ㵱ˣǽյģʣһͺóԣҷˡ
˵еĲ˺ſڡ

¥˹üͷøϲĪܱ˵ĺôϲŮصĵ
ǰ˺̲һͬÿθԵģԼҲԿҪӱķֲϴ·ʲôģ·ϴЩҲѧ¥˹֪ģѾһαϵʫʺĿαˣûкŪˡ
һܽܡң֮ϤϤѾЩ֪ͬϵ֪Ҳûȥı䣬⼸춼ţ̻ϲûлسǣ˾һ

̷ڵأҪһˣԺʲôֿŬ֣صǱǮҲܹǹϺӡ
Щûи˵µʱл뿪ȴΪǵ¡

¥˹Լ֪ǰŮԱ˼ѾĮܾܶˣˣЩᷳҪ˵ܾĻԺӵͻȻǰǰʵ¶ɻɫףǣ
ȻʵվſڵŮˣ۾ȴ¥˹ס

¥˹׿ɫԾ۶꣬Ҳ֪ô͡

վſڵ꣬ʶŤͷһۣʵʱѾµ˭ˣǰʹ¥˹ûسǣ֪ΣÿŶǹصģ֪ԭ֪㻹иŮ֪ûؼңϳˮȥҽԺ
̵Ů֪ӡ˳÷ǳƯҲã֪ʲôԵˣʱԵ˺ܶĹŮ֪ǳ˭ϣ˵һ֪ˣŵҵҰٺ˵ϢǴϹ͵ȥسԵģӳܡ

ˣ֪ĻҪһЩҲ¥˹ףŶߵ˶Ҫ˽һϵͳ￴֪δ³ǺܺãһûϴѧԼǸ֪ƭ˼еǮزΣĸ׷ˣԼΪ
ҲΪ⣬֪̳úÿҲûзϣ̻ԼвΪһûӵˡ

ڽ뿴̣𪽿޵ӣݰףһ˫ˮĴ۾β΢΢дżǸʮƯŮ
Ҳһ֪Ǳ賤ġ

һ˿ʣ֪Ů֪ÿû뵽ôÿ¥˹׵ֺÿһݲֻ֪Լ¥˹׵ӡ̣һۿʱ;ˣΪԳǮ˼ҵүСʱ˵ǰ£̽ǰڵҵ﹤˵ҵүһĸһ֪Щүжÿֱ¥˹׺󣬾;Ӧġ
ʵҲ֤۹û¥˹׼ȻǳǮˣԺгϢ֮ǰԵĶǲһԺسǶѧΪѧʦΪס

ЩϵͳģϵͳУ꿴Լδˣ³̻ҪңΪ˸ıһУֻܸϵͳԭܸԼƯˣڿ̣Աּʡ
ǳˮôΪļˡ

뵽δĽ֣΢һЩȴ̲סϵͳȷ¥˹ûйϵɣ

ϵͳҲ͸۾̣ЩмƲС˭֪أûУҲбʷ

һˣﶸȻθ⻰ʲô˼˵¥˹ûϲ𣿡
καʣǽ֮ǰеĽͶȥˣǹ¥˹ʧܣҪص֮ǰӣҪܳͷ
ܷ

ϵͳûںŮ˹ͨѾˣøûֻƢͣı˺ܶ飬᲻ЧӦҲ¹켣ǲᷢ仯ģĹ԰ɡ

ʲôЧӦֻһ䣬Ϊϵͳ˼¥˹Ժ󲻻ᷢ仯ֻҪ˹͹ˡ
˿뵽¥˹ףз࣬˱ʯͷӲǣ΢־Ͷˡ뵽˺õĽֵָ˼֡

˵껰¥˹Ҳſڣ׼䣬꣬ϴΡ

֪û˵꣬̾ߵͣס¶ǸЦݣǸܲȽȥ

ȻܺãЩˣϽߵɫһ٣Ȼ·ʲôûЦЦŲӣҲֱƹ˳Ҳ˽ţǴݵĳ¥˹׵ÿʰˮ
вԾż

¥˹ɫȻؽӹеɡǽǴţͷҲضпˮҪҪһˮ

Ѿᳵ·Ĵ򿪳óըͳԣ⻰붼ӦҪ
ԼҲ֣ﱧһСϳԵ㣬¥˹׸ݺˮȡ

۾俴ſڣ˻ڣ·ڣЩ˼ϽվЦˣûʲôأŹģ˹ʶ
Ȼղˡ

֣ɫ˲𿴵¥˹׺ܻ֮Ҫˣĵܣ޵ľǱ˸˵Լòһˣ·һԼġ
̣Լ¥˹׹ҲҪԶԳԿͷЩ趼ġ
ôţŬЦǾųԣˣҾȻȥˡ
˵ֱתˡ

̿ıӰ˼ǵǰЩӿ˵ʱ˺Ӱɣ

¥˹Ҳ⣬뿪һݺ˺ˮųˣȻ˺ȡ
̨϶Ƕ÷š

̵ͷըվߵſڵԱ߶¿˿Ȼ̧ͷһĿ¥˹׵Ҫô

¥˹˳ȥüͷһ壬̽һ䣬ϴΰһֱҪлңҲǣ

Ҳֻ֪û뵽ô֮Ժ㣬ȻŰ˰ǰľˣͲܻ˺üˡ
Ȼʲô˼ҲУ룬ȻһԥĿǵûģҪǺﻹãҪ㣬ӳ֪˿»ᷢϴβѾлôô

ô˵¥˹ҡҡͷûʡ
Ȼε̾˿Ѿ˵üˣˣ
ŮԱ¥˹Ĳ֪Ӧ˵ʲôá

̿Ҳ¶ǳ飬ҡҡͷ·Ϊ¥˹¸еΣȻüаϴ˵ˣҲæˣҪǶлãҪֻл㣬֪˿϶ˣʱҲ֪᲻ڱ֪Ļ
˵̿¥˹ף¥˹ĻɫæĲһ䣬ҪҰ㻹ȥɣǲ˵ģôصĶûǲҪˣҪ㣬´ȥسǲվⶫ󡣡
ֱӽǷͬһߵλϡ

¥˹ҲûʲôԣΪ룬ЩȷʵҪ⻰붼͵Ҳϲ㣬ǮǸ
˶٣ҪǿԵĻ鷳һȥɣĶǲҪġ

⻰϶ʱ¶Цô鷳أ¾ҵ¡
˵ҲõϵˣֱԱߵĲˣеŵ̨ϣھȥˣȻͻ
˵ȥýɡ

¥˹׿ܳȥӰջߣȻͷõгһֱǾ䡰¾ҵ¡ƽü˼ᡣ




42.  ʮ һ         ̡

ֱȥ, ӾôȻûȥʱ·˼ſ, ֪
㻹ͦģ΢һ˺ͼף̶û, ȫͻȥ
Ȼ¥˹׶û˼, Ҳø, ֱȥ˵

Ӷ, ԱǸ, ¹ȥˮ, ʱϹ¹ʹﾭ, ﻹŰ, ̻ڵϼ, ӡ̡

ҲӲţס߰˿, ֪ģ滹㣬һ, һСʱˣֻꡢɩԼһСѧĵܵܡ
ɩ, ̼ǵúǴҲڹѧУ飬ʱȥ·ϻˣѧУʦڱЦ, ˵ֶӺһѧ

Ҳ֪䷿ôסô˵ġ

ûԺӣǰݶӣȦһسҲԺǽˣûȥֱվݶԱߣ쳤Ӷ溰һͬ־

һҲӦָϽٺһ飬ͬ־
ļھӶ

ܿ죬߳һ͵ŮˣŮ̷ͷһ룬Ƥʮڣ˸ݸݵġϸûʲô⣬ͣرķƣ۾ȴرϸէһϾе㲻ദ
üͷվⲻԶϳ֪࣬üͷĸԴżּɵų⣬Ŀɨŵʱȴ۾ǣ

˵Żʱſ߳һźӵԲˣӲ࿿ǽ̡

ǰһŮ˵¶εЦݣеͲøӰɣõ֪ģ̫ϴ֪һͬ־ְûб˼һֱˣͣĹлλһ㣬ʱĲֹλͬ־Ҳ֪ǲǶôȷʵǲôõĶġλͬ־˵ͷѾлˣǾˣ˾ͲͼЩģͬ־ԺôЩԼҳԱȽϺá

긾ŮԽɫԽڣ֪żɵġҲǣ˭ô󷽰
ϲɫװûֵӣЦŵ֪ͬ־Ǻõģƽʱ˵æϸлһǾͺܿˣ治ҪƷѣӶùռôıˣ

˵㽫еݳȥ긾Ůˣ붼ͺһѶеͲˣԼһûˡõͲ˺󣬿̵ΪƣӶò㷢·֪ռǼҶıƵģװͰʣֻЩ
ܾԼŮ˱ģ뵽ʱѾͷı仯һԸ޵ҲˣϾӻв̼ǸСŮȻҲ֪ϲŮɶǸӺöˣôû뵽ѾͷȻ˭ûϣǿ֪֪ࡣ

Щ֪ǺõģӵĶӶȲϣ٣ֲܻسǣҪŮﲹûͲˣԺ˻飬ǻס

Ӻ޲۾ϣźεɫҲصȻأҸղǷѾˣѾֹһͬ־ˣǸ˾Ӧ֪ǵ⣬ҺôҲǹʦ쵼ǰαΪСԼû˵ȥ˵֪Ҳ붪ˡ
˵һ۶Ůˣֱˡ

˵ʸߣû뵽ǶԷ̬ȡ
ʲôţƲ֪ࡣ
ҲԸˡ

긾Ů̬ȣɫѿˣǹʦˣΪǾ䡰쵼ǰ
Զˣź޺Ա˿ĭ˾䡰Ҫ

վſڵԲŮ˱źӳղ˵Щˣ̲סе㣬ɫҲûˣ˵һ䣬ۼһ̲أƽʱӶС굹Ǵ󷽣Ȼýôһ͸˳ԣôԼСֶӣ⻹׹ùأҲ֪˶ٺöȥ

ԽԽ棬ôĹﻹˣԼĺȼģڻѺöͣûôġ
ҲҺЩ֪ʵ̰Ǽҵıˣ֪ͻҪǻ˼ңͽ˶ӡ
Ÿղŵ̬ȣĸŮҪȻŮ֪ɫŮ⣬´СҪͶ˼ҿ϶ûˡ

ӱͲã⻰òУһ䣬Ѿͷأ

ɩۿеĺӣ˵˾֪أղŻڵģֳȥˡ

ɫȻˣ뵽ղŮ֪Ļ˵ʱæĲֹ֪һˣȷŮǲǶ˭ôȻӦòܣӶɣֵѾͷûӣҲ˼˶˶϶֪һͻ
ʱסˣּϵĶϱһҳȥ
żתߡ

Ȼڶ̾˵ҵ¡
Ǵѧ˵ģļ٣ȥָֻˣ¥˹ҲһȥϹˣֻһ˴֪㡣
ڻѧ⣬иŮĶ̵ʦ´ȥˡ

һ٣ͣеıʣŤͷʣôˣ

СŮͷ˲ãڱ˵أ̻ܵڵҪҪˣ˵С̸ǼͶˡ

һˣŤͷһдҵĺڵڵ£

ڵʦҲСЩ˼ǵͷȻĿǵǼûҶ̷˵ϴҰְС̺С͵͵ҼҲˣ趼ˣҰֳһܡ

СŮһͷڼҶˣȥ˳̼ҡ

գգۣʱ˵ЩҲû˼¥˹˵޹㣬ûκα뷨ֻͨԱĹϵ˵Ҳ͸ˣҲ¥˹ײǶһݡ
֪ӻôȻȥһҼҵҪû뵽ģҲ֪¥˹ûӰ졣

ôţ綼ûʲô˼ˣһ⽣ǰ˼ӣȻʣµϰ⽡
һ룬ϴлٷŰζͼá

ʺÿﶼһЩôӿڵʯĥĥɽŵΣȻ̫ɹɹɫװܳԺþáǳ̲˵ʱһӣʮ·˼ﶬͿ

÷һЩϲ˺ϺףǸʣˣϧޣЩʡˣڹ̲Ҷӣ̲ҶӺУеϸϸģеϲˣŽкһ
ԵʱζҲ
̻ڹ¥˹һһ

¥˹æһ磬϶ǺӺֱϵƤɹˣƤףÿһɹͺˣڣ˯һͺá
̹ȵĽ⽶˵¥˹״ˮϴ˰Ȼʪëɹſϣݿ̶ЦһֺãЩĪ

ֱߵ̶£ҲûôˣֱӾͳԣƺĲˡ
Щ̲סȻ̽ʵϹʱûʲô°ɣ

ʲô

¥˹˳⻰һȻ̧ͷ

̶ƽɫ·ʲôûзӣ΢΢˿ҲĻ˵һ˵һ͵͵۲¥˹ϵɫ뿴ʲôӦ

ðɣϣ˵Ƿȷʵ˼ֹͨ¥˹ס
ҲûԼʲôӹĿû֪õȥҲǸôģúõͲ˲Լҳԣȴ͸ˣٴҲ

̲ס뵽ǰһϵܺӣԼĸǮȫ͵͵ֱˡ
˵ͬһ£ôô񣬷ôϲ¥˹ףҲԡ

¥˹ף⻰üͷһ壬ƺʲô£Ǹ˵ˣȷʵô£Ұ˵ЩǽһЩǾˣȰұҵĶ
Щ˻˵ǸСģҪҵĶܱǼҰһƤǲǺ⣬ܣûϲǹŮﶼ˹ȥ˵׵ģµľǸմϡ
ֻЩø˵

ҲҺ̴һ͸ҫ֪ôģ¥˹׽Щӵʣܼ򵥽һ
ЩӾǺ棬ˣ¥˹׻֪ʲô£ô˵üͷú룬´αȥˡ
Լֵ̣ô¶֪ˡ

̹ԹԵͷ

û뵽˸ճ극ͺˡ
ܽԺԺϴͷ¥˹ףֱǰһѶľ轫ˮˣίʣ¥˹ʲô˼ҺĹлƾʲôôң

¥˹׸մʪͷ׼Ǵ꣬ͻȻƺЩסˣ漴ӦֱҪ˵Щʲô̾ʹӳ˻
ô£вǰɣ浱֪۸֪ˣİһ£ôˣбҪŲ𣿶˵˲Ҫĸл㻹һһεôϲлôȥˣ֪ܵ裬浱û˻ǰɣ

Խ˵ԽûôˣϲûϲѾ鷳ˣǺ⣬ڻܹ쭣ֱǲ

֪겻Լ⣬ʮԹ޵Ŀ̣еڵϣԼúÿܵǰɣΪ˵ЩбҪôЦ͸¥˹׵ģƾʲôȥʲôˣˡ

վ¥˹ױɫͼΪѿˣ⻰ֱǰһקţΪλŮͬ־˵ע㣬Ұ֪ͻȥģ˵ЩҲģʲô޹أȷʵûκιϵ̡뿪Ҳٿ㡣
¥˹ʷ˵Ļɼǰ֮ûκκøС

⻰¶ŵɫ㾹ȻΪң
ʧͷãߣţԺңҲ㡣

˵תͿܳȥˣһί

̿ܳȥˣֱؿڡ۾ɨϱˤľ裬޵ȥץסˡ

¥˹һץסҡҡͷַӼƽϡ
䡣
ӦҲһˡ

ﻹǺܲˣ̣һȥҵá
ת˷ȥԼϴ裬תȥʱһ񾭲

֪ǲƽϣȴǸ鷳ڶһ磬̶ӳ͹ǣǲ
֪ʧˣһûȥ

ֱ̼˸Χֵˣ붼ͽǰ˵컹ܹͬ־һˣʲôǰǺģ˭ǶȥһѣֲͼʲôѾֹһ˵˲Ҫлȴһһε˻Ƶģ˾޴šǰͲˣǲմϹϵͻȥˣ֪ȴܹãǺ趪ˣֲұȥġ

ӳʧٸйأǾ鷳㱨ɣҺһȥһҪȥ֪죬Ҫ淴ӦҾ֪бҪӣƺӭ֪࣬ǲ˳ۣʲô˶۸ͷϣܹˡ

⻰˵ľЩˣ̶ӳһ֪ãȥϵɫҲ֪˵Ǽ٣һϽֲС֪嶯Ҿǹһʣûб˼ͬ־ʧûйϵͺãղŵ˵ǣġ
ﻰǹ߸Ҫ˲ĽܵڼŲԷҲ

뵽̶꣬ӳһӻҲ֪ʲôСܺװ㻹СܴӺģû뵽꾹Ȼתͽ͵֪ˣ˵ӹϵҲ岻ģԽԽ
ֱǸ˾




43.  ʮ һ          վ

վԱ߿ֵ˼״, Ҳ֪̬չԣֵҪȥӣȻǶ֪е, ҲֻƲǸɻԲʲô࣬Ҫ˵ĵز֪Ҫ淴ӳ, ùĿ϶ӡ
ӵ, Ժʲô涼, ǰʱ仹˵Ҫ, Ժÿÿóִ, û, Ҳ֪Ǻö, ÿ綼װ, к, ҪôšҪڳ£ָˡ 

ʱżˣϽ, ѽѽ֪࣬ʲôһ֪, ＦһǱ͵, ϶޹ء

ԣҿԸ֤ҶˣСǺͻȻ֪ܵ, һǸһҲûþˣܹǣ

Ȱ̶ӳϲ̰ɲܺԩţСôﶼģ˵ʦǸбµˣҲã˿ɲ۸

ǣСѾͷҲСˣôô嶯?Ů֪꣬ϴι......

һһ䣬վһߣҲֻɫţƽ˵һ䣬ӳ㿴Űɡ 
˵ֱ¥˹׻ˣ治Ӿ֪ˡ

˿һĻʱ˵ˣǻ˿ܻõ㣬֪ļ֪ӶͦʵģΨ֪಻̫ǣһëſھǱдٱ˵ãǼġ
۾͵͵̶ӳҲòͣͲǵ£Ǿǹ֣˻иߵĶأǿߵľǲ̶ӳ
Ҳ˵ʲôˣ˸ڸϽɢˣմ£˵ǲ̶ӳ

ͽ̶ӳվԭһǲôӣϾʲô֪ˣûʲôۣ˻󷽣ÿνӳҵг͵㶫ʹӳϱǸŵģ˵⣬Ҫ֪ǼӵĸɲʱȥӳԶٷ˶Ǻüë۵ġ 
̶ӳԽԽһˣкСհҲ룬ҾǹúϢ
˼˵˾ˡ 

¥˹׸̳һˮ
ıˣ¥˹׾:ʲô?ѲɻҰ?ʹ֪ˣģôܻᶪ?Ӿôܵȥ?ôˣѲһҪΪΪ? 

¥˹׿չĹģԲĴ۾ȼС磬ȺЦЩΣ̲סŵţ£˲ᶪģҪϡ 
Ȼ֪ǸŮԱܵȥˣӼνӴҲⲻǸ˺ԼˣӣҲ֮ᷢǰɽ· 
ܸܵ˽ӴԼǴĿĵģϲһ

̲˵һһѶеĺˮ 
۾һתɤӣò˵Ŀǵ:´ΰ˵ʱ۾˭Ե?ŮԱҪ˿ˣô?

¥˹һ⻰˵Ҳˣ´ŮԱҪȥæ˱ȽϺʡ

ţ˸ӣ𲻷ϣǰҰֳһˣﳵ°;оһ̫̫Ľ͵ҽԺȥ֪̫̫ҧһ˵ײģһˣΪ˱סòг͸˼ˡ 
µȻߵģҲ٣Ͼںûټ˵٩˶ӣʲôô֤ԼǮ?·Ϸˡ

¥˹׻ΪǹϹŻģһӣЦЦסˡ

º¥˹ûʲôϵˣҲ֪ǲǱôһͨв̶ӳȥʲôûйѰ֪鷳¥˹Ϲʱ򣬴Ҷ̬ȶ˺ܶ࣬ЦǺǴк·ϵƵġ 
ȳǻһʱ仹Щϰߡ 

򶫺佨Ȼģֻ٣ϻģһĻ𳵣ʱѾˣȻһͳߵҵسǣߵʱѾϡˡ 

ãڿͳˣһ·˵˵ЦЦ߻Ҳġ
һ磬˲ٶ

ص֪ʱ̺¥˹׶Ѿ˯ˣϻ˵ģ˸Ͻˮ̻ڵ棬滹ʣµģԡ 
ųӦ֪ʱˣ˻ص֪㡣

棬̾ͲˣԼط˯ 
淿˴ҹЪ¡ 

ڶһ磬˾ͺ¥˹һȥϹˣҲҪȥϿΣѧУΪˮ¶٣ڽ 
ûΣǰˣ֮ǰڰʦˣ˼һ˷֪ԡ 
Էʱ佨ʱǲǷʲô?ôͻȻô?

˵̾ɲʲôȵˣﻹųأһ壬붼ͽ⼸췢¸˵ˡ 
ûһ䣬ҲҺ֪㣬Ҫֻ¥˹һˣ֪۸ʲôˣ˼ֱɶû̬ȣҺȥ㣬ӻҾЩ?ҵһҶû˼˵Ҳſأǳԣϡ㣿
Ҳˣʲô¶ûУֵô󣬻ȴᶼᡣ

̸״Ǹ֣СȰȰһ˵ɰѳ򶫡佨òᣬ֪ί򶫳ǰ˵ 

佨һӣûôҪģ˭ǵ㣬ûԹ?  
ǾǺôҲǳģﶼڹϰ࣬ڹҲᷢһЩ˵⣬ÿҲܳһλģôƤôǳҵĶ

˲Ҳ?ôˣֲǳϣ˹Ǹ͸⡣

򶫿һ̣˹ĺܶԣǲҪռЩˣҲǸһѵ´αٸǶǶҪҲ˵ 
˶٣֪㻹ҪŽһվǵԼˣԺ󿴵˳£˿ԣԼ鷳

ͷԼͷ㣬ѹ¥˹׵ͷһۣû˵ء

¥˹֪Ӳ˵

һҲ½½Żˣ̺¥˹ڼ﷢£̲סߣһ̲Ըḷ́ʲôϺҲ˼õǰ԰ڣƲ˭? 
֪һãǾǶһ壬÷¥˹ϵֻһ˵¡

ϣཫԼϼҴĺọ̈Ьӣƽʱռ˲̵ıˣֲ˺ü˫ЬӣûüĹǶĺЬѹ޻һ˫̡ 
ͬʱ˵ҵĻ¥˹ױģʵǸܺõˣ׳ԿҪ㲻ڣñ۸ 
˵̲סҡͷǸŮԱҲǺЦ¥˹ײϲˣܹвˣ֪ĻΪʲôأ

ЬԽţĽŸЬĺܺʵڽһůˣ᲻òڵϣ̧ȿ˿ˣ׼ú⻰ƲƲ죬û˵ܶϲ 
ǰȥӱϴ˵ʱ˵̶??ַˣ̶ӳСܿ꣬ﲻͬ⡣ 
˵첻ӣȥңҵֵҲˡ 

˵ʵڻ̲㻳ԼʲôŮˣֱ˼˰

ûʲôȤֻŮа˼˵ˣת˵λؼҷ˼¡

ӺǰһԱǼͰϹ¹ӹƽƽ 
ûҹ¥˹ˣ֪??㶼徻˲١ 
̶ӳΪֲ֪ίʮ·ݷʱ෢ʮĴףѡһԱÿȥϼࡣȱˣƽʱȱʵƽʱûʲô£УÿĩǼæԹ쵼ҼֵĩǼڲ񴦰æƽʱϹ 

Ͼ쵼Աй涨ģҲøĹأҪϸлˣ˺ܴ鷳쵼Ҳӡ 
ºüӣ߶ӷֵһ˵ʽԱﶼȲ񴦵ǼϼһȥˣЩоİԱ˾˳Ķȥˣһʲ 

̶ӳԭԼСܵģԼСǱϵĴӣ뻹ǲģһֳַ£ӳͷˣȥ͸֪㡣֪һڹ񴦸µˣҲûʲô˸۸ˡ

֪˵ĺ£ֻÿ¸ɼ죬˵ȥҲǳӣ仹ǲ񴦣ʲôط?͹ÿ·ģС˭ҲС񴦵ˡ 
˵ֻҪԺ֪㲻û˻ٸ۸ǡ 

֮£Ϳ˳飬ѡˣƱߵá

ģ붼ѡ¥˹ף¥֪ѧãȥбϣ϶ģдúÿܸ֪ӡҪһ㣬¥֪εܺߣ̶ӳҲΪֲŸѡѡ˭?

˵ˣ˻˵ʲô? 
ЩԾԾԵŴɽ佨⻰ĬĬϵַȥˡ

¥˹׿Сһ̣ȶЩߣЩ˼Ҳ֪ΪԼá 
ʵûҪȡ֪˭ȥһ

վͳһսߣҲž֣Ҳѡ¥֪ࡣ

ȻӢŴɽ

ͷҶ˳Ȼѡ¥˹ףֻѡ򶫣ʵѡԼûѡͲ붪ˡ
ѡ¥˹ףǴġ

֪ģ̺¥˹׵һ𣬹Ȼһ̾Ͳˣָ¥˹׽ˣڣǼǺ¥˹ס
Իˡ

һѡɫˣǹԼԡ
һʮôôΣοǶӳ

ʵҲֻ߸һʼ붨¥˹ף뵽ϴ̶̱ӳƼСѧʦмﲻűڧŻὫ° 
֪ôһ֡ϲ¶ֻװӣº˵¥˹ȥ 
¥˹׼䣬⼸տ飬˹𷸴

¥˹׵ͷ

Աߵ̿űҪˣ۾䣬ʱʱŤͷ¥˹ף¥˹״һۣҲԾ΢΢ 

˸Ǻ

ɫҲЩãֻ첻ڣ̺¥˹֮һЩʲôɢ󣬻̲סԹӣŮԱʲô?¥˹ײ?һһ 

ͷ˵뵽ղ̺¥˹üȥӣӹһ˿⡣

̵ڶڹѧУԷʱ򣬻¥˹״񴦵ʱ⣬ڹʳóԷʶ˲쵥ǳģãƯҪ𣬸˭
쵥˵ҲũˣΨһǱ˶ʶ֣ϢʶС쵼Ҳ

̸ʱҲԽУ˵˵ĺãҲ˵˵Ĳ֮ʱʶ͸¶һȽĹ۵㣬ʲô Ҫ븻·ʲôˡ˵Ķˣע⣬ͰЩͷϡ
ù쵼ãĺӹȻ򵥣۽ͼʶũĺӸûȵġ

̴񴦵ĴǺܲģæǼ칤ÿ찴ʮ㣬ᲹƱһƱڹʳóԡ̻ȥͽ¥˹˵ˣѹ:ɵúˣֱܻӳΪʽѾɲˣܴúñ֡

¥˹׵ͷá 
۾شս˵ӣ̲סЦġ 

ϵˮѾȫˣǷ̲ס˶ϵһ裬طɸɾġȻƤãˮ⼸˳ŵˮʱ򶼾ȥɹ̫ϳԵֺãɫá 
඼ˣһ˵°ͶԲˣˡ

̾͵ǿ˵ĻˣϾԼǺܺõ¡

û뵽ǣԼˮˣûȴȾˮ

ϵˮɱضˣͻȻ䳤ˣûʲôԤףϲϡ
ԼվŵüУ

̼˻Щ飬͵͵¥˹˵ĻӦòҴȾİɣϵˮǰѾˣɶĶϴˡ
Ҳ͸磬ðҶѬ

⻰ҵźǰ˵ᳯԼ

¥˹׿ôŵӣ̲סЩЦοϹ룬ҽ˵ˣڸȾˮڼҪͨˮ״Ⱦ˵ģһ㻼ˮ֮ھûвˣûдȾԡҪ㴫ȾģҲڹǼ죬ڷˮӦǰ𳵱˴Ⱦˡ

¥˹ô˵ʱ˿Ժá
ҽ˵ɶ

Գ緹ʱ򣬺ͻȻ˵Ⱦ˺ֱ̺׳Ľ¥˹˵Ļתһ飬ԩ˭أǼȥҽˣҽ˵ⶫͨ˺Ⱦģ˺ھûвˣͺˣҴȾģҪǴȾ㣬ҲڹڣⶫһȾ˶þͷȵڣ϶·ϱȾˣգȾ̫ˣͷϣ

˵;̺۾ݺݵһۣתܻ˷䡣
ˡ

̿ķϲƽϣͷԷ
Աలοӡ

һߣҲܿ극طˡ
ڴĬĬޣһˮݸɤЩˣòˮڷǰȾģ϶ߺ͵͵˯Ҵˣ⽫ⶫȾңǸҹȥȻôǶûоУ

οƵѹϵģ㡣




44.  ʮ   

͡


һӻ, ȰˣһĿ֣ѻ, ô㣿ⶫǷ㵱Ȼô˵ˣⶫҪÿˮǮ°̺ۣô㣿
⼸춼Ϲ, ԽԽ, еıһ, һŤ, ׵, ˯

źıӰ, һ䡣
ԼСˣ
޵ƲƲ, ¶һ˿м

ǳ, , ŴɽϼҴģִַŴ̾԰, Ŵɽܴ󷽣һҲ׳һ
ĩѧУϿ, ֲϹڵԵġ

ճ극, Ϲʱڳæͬʱ˵ѹ, ǲ˷ˣ

¶ɫôô˵
Ťͷˣ֪ƽʱǿտƾˣµڱʲô

Ȼͼ࿴۳ſڣûʲôѹҲ֪ǲҶˣǽϺǷˮһǷ˵ǰʱù
Եֲǲ֪ƽʱϹʱû˴깤ҲúõģղųԷʱȴͻȻҲ֪Էǰ˵ʲôڷ˵Ļһȥûˡ𿴺Ƣ壬ܶʱǱǣűߡ

⻰ͬǸƢ͸һһţ˵Ҳ˲ˡ
Ҫ˵жۣ治ģҪҲ췸ˡ

Ƿ֮ǰ¥˹ƢʱĪÿ¥˹˵ἰʱִϡ
˵ĳ˳ǣʲô
ЩӦյС˵һ䡣

һ۾˲ɴȻŤͷ̣ɣ

ʼ磬ʲôģ۾ġ
˵껹ָװģԼ۾ʾ

ƺЩԽϢҡҡͷпҼǵ¥˹׸ʱǼ˵¥˹׻أ˵¥˹һũ˵øŮһ˭޸˺ӡ
ʱ÷˵Ļֵͦģ˳ʲôǰģҲܹ¥˹ס
ƽʱҲûô˵ˣһΪ¥˹ء

üŶͦķǵġ

Цˣֵ˵̵ĸ첲ͦġ

̲С֪һʮһˣֻ˰˸ıȽϴһ֡
󡢺ͷûеġ

İƾʲôҪ˳ԣ仹һڰʹӵС

Ҫֱӳ԰ˣЩṩģ˵㡣
Ϲǰ̽ȥûõͷɫЩ󻹺һ㣬ϾѾϰڷ˯֪£ֻзЩԽܣɫΪΡ

ະ˺󣬻ӷˣ֪ʲôûС
۾̣ûͻسˡ

˵ͷĬĬԼıװʲôûŮǵҲò֡
ϵɫת˷䡣

¥˹ſڣһűһְľӣܿ죬һɨ֪Դˡ
һӣ洫򶫺Ϲ¥˹׷еıʣıֻһ룬ʣµһñֽ÷˿ڴУ׼˳ԡ
Ҹ㲼˼ѧ⣬УȻ

̵ͷѱװˮݸʱͻȻ̧ͷʣ᲻ҺСۣҲϲǣıͲָǡ
־û˼ѾôˣҲԼдֿ۾װͰ͵Ĳһ䣬ǲĵġ

¥˹ЦˣЦǳǳںڵӳ⣬ƯĲҡҡͷɫᣬ㲻ϲԭûȥʲôֻҪǶԵģҾÿģǾûʲôΪԼţΪˡ
ʵʱеḶ̌˺ܶ£ÿ˶ڲϲ˸˵ܾ

Щ˵ⷬǿģ¥˹ױûҪá
ںҲѺɷ򶮵ǰ̸Ķ󣬶ŮָֻŵģһЩͬѧŮÿΪ˸˵Ů˾ǲ㡣
ֱ⡣

¥˹׼ֱҪ̫ãȻҪԼǾ͸ˡ
ЩϧĿ·㡣

š

Ŀ¥˹׳ţߵſڵʱıӰ̲סСһ䣬㿴ɷŵް

¥˹׸ʯ壬仰һģ㳯Աˤˣæȥǡһ֣ͷ·̵һ͵ջȥȻ첽Ժĳȥ
Ͷ˲ˡ

̿ĶӵıӰĪ͵٩һôӦô

ˮһЩûȥسǵˮҽƵҽģԺõٶе
̾ãҪԭӦƢ̫ˣ˭˳ۣȶȻõľˣ̷ˮǼûôڡ

⼸춼ûţԷʱҪͽȥ

һʼһ𣬺ЩźˣǿϵˮƺЩ±Ⱦϡ
˯ʱŪ鲼סǿڣѲŪʪôͷֹϸ
ʱûпַֻӴպˡ

ѧȻ̾ͷ֣û÷Ҳ͵͵ѧƺҲ±Ⱦϡ
ҪǷһʼ£ǰʱﲻ˷ˮ˵ȾԺǿ
ϾȺĶ࣬ûʲôǮȥҽƵ롣

Ⱥ˺Ѿµˣʱ¥˹ҲҪȥ񴦰æˡ
ǰһ̶ӳ֪ͨȥ񴦡

¥˹׺һȥģСѧſڷֿ
̶ӻ֣ŲӽѧУװ鱾˵꣬¥˹ҲҪڹԷ̸ɴˣֱȥʳ

¥˹ʲôûĹίԱȥ

ڿΣڿȥ˰칫ҸҵʱѧУܵĲǺϸеʦξͿǰˣƽʱҲģβĻ绹֪˯
ʮһʮʱ̾ȥ˹ίԱǱߡ

ίԱѧУ棬߼·͵ˣ̵ʱʳﻹûˣ͸򷹵ĳʦѾˣһЦүүá

ʦôô

֪ͬ־ڲ񴦹һԡ
Ӵǲˣڲء

ҲǶӳŻŸᣬǸʱԺչɡ
Ҳ˲ˣǳ˶вŻ

ȲãգŵӪ궼Ǵ
Ӵʹù

˵ŻĹ򣬳򷹵Ĵ̴һ뷹ȻѹѹҨӲˣ潽һӲ뷹ˡ

¥˹׿˸ſڵλãûã¥˹׾͹ˣһˣûһ𣬿̣æ첽߽

ʳõӶСûʲôɵĶѷһ˶ʱͿЩң¥˹ֱߣ̽õķƵǰԣҲŸ

¥˹ҲºӳԷƺеˣ¿ӵٶȺܿ졣
˿ˮϾ쵼ǳԵģȻҪһ㣬ƽʱĶǴ룬¥˹׳ھͷķеࡣ

̲Ǻܶ߳Աôææ

¥˹׵ͷķ˺¿Ӻ˿ˮȻҸ¼ͳݣ£Ҫͳơ
Ҫٶȿ죬򵥵ļһ۾ܱ𰸣Ҫ̴һʱ̶ᣬ־ʶȫǿϵġ

̶ӳеȱˣҲȷʵȱˣԭԱɻˣϵͦصģ¥˹̵Ļúøɣһͱν˺ܶ¡
ҲܿóζͦģͲö˵ˡ

ҲЩúøɣɵĲ׾ŬԼһʼܻ۵㣬Ҫף㲻Уʱ

¥˹Ц˼࣬û뵽ⷽ档
ҲůҲֻôΪ룬ͷ׵ġ

˳극ֿ򣬡СӼ͸ɡ

¥˹ЦˣƶˣúϿΡ

̳ӻ֡

һʮ£Ҳյ˼㡣




45.  ʮ         




Ϣ, ʽĺ޲ʽеƺ˶㣬ĸǻɫ, ڲɫ·Ǵ棬ҶЩ

ոĸθ˲ٶǶõϵ, Ьñӻһ, п, С͵˵·, Ӧո﷢, ҲĹ, ͬʱд˷, ˵ܻ, Ϊ˺ÿ·, ºúչԼ
εƱӺǮҲһЩӦǷ߳ԿˣҲ߿˵ոĸڳ״ˡ

̽ú, ûԽǰȷʵΪ˺ÿ첻㣬ҲΪѧУпյҲ䵽ȥ, ɲԼ忪Ц
궬ĺ䣬Ҳ֪ǲĿûбȾ, Žʮһ·ݾѩҪ֪߿Ϸÿ궼һ·ݲѩѩµĻǺܴ, ͻˣߣһѩˡ

ǰʹ㣬ļ·ٹһںްԲ»ȥľ·˺üˣ·ŴžͲůˣʽ޲Ҳ֪ǲסƽԵʣﳱܸоϵ·ģҹ˯ڴϣһҹ治ȡ
ʮһ·أҲ֪ô졣

໹Ϊˣ̫ˣ̲סȰôô䣿ڴô࣬ȵô죿

ҲˣԼִÿ궬ֻͿˣð·϶

ⳡѩû¶ã仯ͦģ漸춼磬ѩ˺ճϹ䣬ɽԼúģЬҲó˱оڡ
̲סǰһţһУ˼Ҷ䣬ܵг޷ÿγŶԼĺģͷϰŴɫΧ
ǵõʱЦ˰죬еǸ˵ĸˡ

䣬ʮĶ̫ˡ

Ϊ˱ůÿϳǰὫӱԺɹȥһ裬߶ҲȡůķʽľΧȦһͰȻϻ裬װֱ̿濾ˣ˯ǰԽ·ʹЬӷ棬һϾ͸ˡ

֪ûǶѾϰ˶ô䣬ƽʱ¹ϴˮ裬ʱϴ˯ûҪ˷Ǯ
ҲģԼľͷһĥһĥȻ˿ѹҲԼճһһ㶼ŶգҲֻûǮЩ
ȷʵ˺ܶ࣬Ϸڷûôˡ

ʮһ·ҲũæʱæСũԽ߲ˣڹҪֹ괺ѩˮ˰ѲˣﻹŪ˸ҵһֲˣĲվȻǹҲÿꡣ

춬컹˳ѩ쵼Щģѩһͣæ
̺¥˹ÿ춼˵ʲôÿֻԷʱϳ극ҲˣҶϽϴطϢȻЩźҲû취£ŵȹʱЪӦþͺˡ

⼸칫СѧпԣҲȽæƽʱѧۺãҲ˳ĿΣ¥˹ױȽۣҲ鷳ȫԼģѧУʦ࣬꼶Ծ
пԿһ죬ģУҪĩͰԾĳѧڷżʱ࣬Ͻ궬Ƚ䣬ѾкüˣѧУź٣ЩʦǶڸϽȣŰѿαꡣ

ĩһģҲ֪ǲҪѩ꣬ʱûԤϢֱȽϱʲô֪ÿŶ

̽ɡˣӢȥس棬˳㶫֪οûˣ̻æԵġ
ЦŵͷѩĻȥɡ͹ȥ

̵ͷǺú档

ȻȷʵãѧУľӵʱСѩ
칫ĸʦмʦûĶʦǰľӣУͨʦؼңڲˣΪѾֹһʦŪͦ鷳ġ

ģ칫Ҳûյˮ̼һ߶һ߸ԾｫǼʹʦҪȻÿ༶ѧ࣬꼶ĿҲܿ͹ۣѧԾѳСɽ˵еĺдֱּǹ춼дʲô
ܸĴˣĴһЩСҪޡ

̺ͶʦģͷըˣһԱˮȣһںȥֻһںˮĲô˲Сȥ
Ǿ䣬θﶼоģ廹Ծһ

ʦ̲סЦ£ɬ۾ҶŴصĽģֹ߲ǺܺãȻյú͵ƣҲ۾һЩܲˡ
СʦҲѧ˿ˮȻǰ㣬С̱ԹЩҲ˼ʲôӸǣҰǰľӸĵĺϸ񡣡

ЦˣҲǰȥսСҲǡ

ȻĬ͵Ц

ҲҶģͷɡ
һľ͸ĵڣӻ㣬ҪѷͳƳȵ̴Ӱ칫ʱѾȫˣСѩ

û࣬üǲǰԼˡ

СʦҲûɡֱӸ̻˻֣ȻͷѩУʦţ̴кˡ

ſվһ룬ûӰΧͷסҲͷ߽ѩС
߿죬ϵЬӲӻеģߴ·ĻҪʮӣС·Ҫһ㡣

ƽʱС·ģ߶ҲϤ˵С·Ҫȫһ㣬ûʲôˣǴ·Ҫ˿ܻΣգԥ֮»ѡС·ŸϽ֪Կȷ
С·󲿷ֶ﹡ȻڣΧŰѩҲе⣬ʲô

̡ɳɳѩϣϵЬӺܿʪˣһʼЩע⣬ѾܲˣֻŸϽȥﻹһ˿ԹԹֹǳģ¥˹ס

ˣ¥˹أ

ôûȥһ㶼
ϲΪҲӦùһ°ɡ

һ·ϳأ

ԽԽ
խ﹡ϣˣ˵ղŻЩ⣬ֲָϵ··ߣխﻹЩڣͷȥѾǲˣֻӲͷƤǰ

Ҳ֪ǲѻ췸ˣڿһСϪʱ򣬽һĳˡ

СϪˮ﹡ڵһȳһͿȥˣŮҪ㣬мѾ˵ʯͷʯͷ߶ˣƽÿߵʱ򶼺Сġ
Ҳ⣬࿴۲Ÿţ֪²ȣͻȻһᣬûӦ͵ԽˮС

ˮģֻһ㱡ı̹ǡ
ŵþгŶݴˮǺҲϥôǺˤȥģȫʪˡ
һ˲ðɫ

ҲһƬհףǣֻԹҲ֪Լ忪ЦȺ·ֺڽ罫ɡ࣬ԹԹ

ԹʲôԸ˵˵¥˹ʲôϵǣ׷ǹʵġ
æ֣Ǳ֡

̶߶ŬϪ屻ĽӲоԼڵѪҺǱģܼ򵥵Ķޱȣֽŷ·Լøٻٶۡ
ţԭӾݵҲȫǼٵģ̫Ƕˡ

̻ص֪ʱڳԷǱӣһ佨ʮ־ȣѿڶһ䣬¥˹أûȥ㣿




46.  ʮ         

, Ϸ·źݴ˶, ЩŲʲôû˵ֱӽӲ̧Žȥ
ֻúϴˮ裬̫, ˼άЩ, һ·ŷ߻, ͷͺЩʹ, оԼҪˡ

¥˹׵, ĵķӦ佨˼, ¥˹ȥԼˡ
һ·û, ֪㵽Сѧֻ·, һ, һСģߵС·ߵľǴ·ˡ

ﲻԾ, û취˼ֻһͷ, ҪڵϴˮҪů͵ıѡһط·, Ӣڷչ˽ŵ࣬˶ڳԷҲĶˣΪ¥˹׽ӻ, ʪ͸̣һֱ壬żʣ̣ôˣ

Ӣȥ裬µҪϴ裬æеܹ꣬ȥæȷţȥˮȥ
˵žܳȥ̴ˮ극ﶼˮ

ҲˣӴϳֽϸɾ·ҳûйӣƽʱ·ڴβʱþˡ
·ȫʪˣһ״ﵽ·

Ҳ˲ϳԷˣæͣҽ·˽ţıȽû취ȥɡͰ¥˹׸ɡȥˣأû𣿲ܰȥһʱˣõѧУˡ

·һ٣ҡҡͷܷȽů͵Եʣ̸оûиղôӲˣǺ䣬
ɳƵС·ģûˣСϪȥˡ

һ˵СϪ֪ˣ¶ɫҲã֪ͲȥˣԼ˽Ų㣬㡣

ҡҡͷʾû£Ҳû˼οˣպӢһͰˮ̹˲ƽʱֽƽʱϴǰҪϴ飬ֱӽˮľˮ΢΢ƫȣ˵·̵ĿˮĽ̤УһܲסһȻǿȶȣҧֻŶȽС

ӢϽȥ˵һ¥˹ǲҲ·ˣôڻû
Щ£˵·ƽȣ¥˹ײûӵˣǺͳȥˡ

Ӣϴ裬ûȥֱվſڶ溰һ

ǵǲż¥˹׺ܾ߲̿·ˣӦڻ·ϡ

̱ˮţϵ¶ָķһ̾ˮܿûжϴˣò˾͸Ͻˮ·Ҳ⻰ԭԹɵǣ䲻˵ﻹЩڽ콫ɡ࣬ȻҲô¡

ЩǸЦЦӦúܿͻˣ϶ΪߵǴ·

Ҳô룬ûж˵ʲôˣֻܸпԼ
ϴȥϴ˸ͷղŵСϪȻͷûԽȥͷȴʪһ롣
ɿϴ˸ͷȻëʪȥԷ

֪극¥˹׶û²ֹˣҲԾ򶫶˵ֱӴ佨Ŵɽȥˡ

ڻͰǰͷʱûд컹ãҪǲŪɣͷۡ
·ϱʹ磬ϴͷЩˣҪǼŪͷڶѾڴ˯ˡ
¥˹ûҲûʲôȥ˯

Ҳ֪ˣʱЩסˣ¥˹׳ʲô¡

ǻ˵û£ԭ¥˹ڽ̵·Ӻӣ緢գԭҲ£˵һҩȣ֪ûãԽԽգ¾Щˡ
ҲԸȥҽƵ룬ҽƵҽ϶ǰܺԼȥҴӳȻ·¥˹ףˡ

һͬĻжŮԱ꣬Ҳ֮ǰ¥˹׵Ǹûв¥˹ˣǺӣӼûʲôˣֻһ浱ϱǰˣƽֻˣӲദܶ˳ܣ˰æҲˡ

򶫽͵ҵ˴ӳҲ֪ģڵʱ¥˹״ȥ賵ӺᣬҪ¥˹ﳵȥҽԺ˭У˵ǳģڲƭ¥˹ﳵ걧źںȥҽԺں·ţ˵˭Ҳţꡣ
˵ҡҡͷҲֻԡ

ʲôֲ˼䣬˵¥˹׼ɡӳæ͸̣֪Ӳɣ˵Ҫãݴӳ˵ʱ¥˹˶ûá
Ǵӳ˵Լаɡȥ֪࣬¥˹ײˣ¥˹˺ҴӳӳæɡȥСѧѾˣҲܵѩûˡ

Щﶼ˿Ӣû¾ͺã˵ȷʵѲϱǱˣ˵ӺܺãҲܰġ

̻صڴ˯ˣͷЩʹ΢΢Щգ̳극һˮôƺ׼ȥҶӻ֮ǰ˵ˮá

Ӣﲻ̲סȰ䣬Сӷպأһע׳£ϼҾиھӼСɵˡ

ЦЦ⡣
ﻹЩƵĲ˭¥˹ûҲ֪¥˹ûСӷպΣգȷʵҪϽȥҽԺ
أ
Ͳֵ˹ˣһСϪûҪǲСһͷײʯͷˣǲǻô룿

˵ԵʣԽԽίű͵͵ᡣ

Ҳ֪ǲ̫˵Եʣһ϶ΣεϡŹ֣һʮһִǰֵǸĳůĽҶſ˯м͵͵˵
мţ˯ţԱѧϰίԱ͵͵ֻС˵̲סͷȥ

ΣҲʶģ֪ԼΣһеĳ쳣ϤǵõôѧϰίԱӵģȻһԴһ𿴣󲻹񫣬̻Ҫ׼ȥԼѡ

Ѿֵ֪ǱģŮнָķǳˬ˭ϲգ־ͽСͽСꡭ

̴оѣ͵۾ͷ󺹡
ٴϢ£ɵ۾۽ͷϷϡ
΢΢۾һʱֲκʵ

ⳡ̫ˣ̲òȥ룬еܾûȥˣܸʱòǺ죬ﾭǰҲе¡ʱסУģҵദһ㣬ʱЩ֣ڿ۾ŮвǺͻ˸ͬ˵Ǹˣֱ˴ѧŻ
ҲΪкٺ˽һģڵõһ飬ͻȻȥ룬ģ

ǵǱ齲һʮŮżȻõһϵͳԼδֲãΪ˸ıһѡϵͳԼŮҪͨӻֿ֣תɽһʲôģϵͳйһЩסʲôģŮͨԼɵֵΪһ˾޵ĴŮҲʤ

ǵõʱⱾղܣôĸ˶ݵʯȹ£ѻĻδģǮĻûǮģֱˢ˵ʱ̵ۡ
Ϊ˸߿̾Ͱĸˣϴѧμ˺üţææµµģͺٿС˵ˡ

ǱеҪѾǵˣҪⳡΣ̶벻Ȿ飬벻Ů꣬ûǴĻǱģǸ֪࣬÷ǳ˧ϲˣΪ˹˺ܶ˼ʱ벻Ŵˡ

ǳ߿صȻû˾ͽˣ걾׼ΪϵͳϵΪκȲòǻײΣ֮˲ìܡ
ǵõԼˣΪ̺飬ҲΪŮκ͸ڴģеĻ֣Щκȣ˱ǰӣͺһ

ԭ벻ڽ¥˹Ĭ飬ƺе

ĬС
벻Ҳˣһ̵ļͷ·йբĺˮֺܶණˡʮıŮ꣬˻飬Ȼ˶ӳĵܵܺͶӵȼˣȻǱƯ֪ǰ̲ǵˣֻģǵӡ̵֪һ䣬ϱˣֻʣ׵Ķӣº˻飬ҲŮ

Ѿˣ˻ڴϵ̣˶Ѿȥˡ
ӢŻ裬ľͰУȻù̵ĵ·濾۾ЦôǶˡ
̽ҲСӢҲ·ùƽʱӢæȥװ̿

ڸڴϵ̧ͷ̣´ѩӳ֪ͨϹѧУû˵ϿΣôҪҪ٣

ģӴɫӵĿӢҡҡͷͳû£βࡣ
ȻĬĬ·

ӢʲôϸĵˣΪƣ֮ǰҲеģǶϹֻ̳Ͽʱ޾ɵӡ

Ӣ˵¥˹׽Ѿˣһҹû˯أҲǵùǸ˵ԼǮˣҲ֪Ǹӻ᲻ỹ

¥˹׵֣·һ١

Ҳ̲ס˵Ҿûˣңҿ϶ǲԸģֱôӳȥˣʲô˲ױƭǿǺ۸ŲţҪǳ¿϶ϡ

⻰ӢûӣҡҡͷˣѾˣ˵ЩҲûá

ȥ˳ʱͻȻˣȺһ¥֪𣿡

ڳԷҲû˵Լ緹ſڷЬӣ߳кˣʲô£¥˹˯

ЦˣЩ˼еɡݸ򶫣鷳ɡ¥֪࣬õģ˳Ҹ˵лл

ϳɡ̵ģ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ·ʲôûЦЦá
ûж˵ʲô

꣬ԥ֮Щ۵˯һɣһҹû˯֮ǰܱǸԭΪңû뵽һʶʾʹߡ

Ҳ֪˵Щû˭ֻЦ¥˹Ǹˡ

ˣ֪ɡ̵ģֱɡȥ˳
ղ˵Ļ̶ˣǲҲ֪ʲôԼɡȻУһ뵽ɡùЩӦ
򶫽ʱû¶ʲôֻǵ˵ͷӦá

̳극Ҳûص任ЬӣִñΧףŵʱͻȻʲôȥɡϡ
Ҳû룬ߵ·СѩֱӳſеɡɡһſֲԾˣɡ֧ܶɡΡ

ɫ˲ѿǵʱǺõģɡոģ£ʽϵĴɡʵá
һӶ֧ܣ̲붼ѡ

뽫ɡӵϣ¥˹ҲЩʧʵһ룬ԼԺô¥˹ףС̡Ľ֣Ѿȫ벻ˣ֪Ůģ·˼ûʲôϵǿcpܿʵ䷴Ҫ⡣
Ҳ֪֮Ůǣûʲôָϵͳ¥˹׳Ŵ·ʱû취վܾ

ͻȻ¥˹ף˵ʵ̵̾ͦģһʼ֪ԼǴˣ϶ȥ¥˹ףٺÿеϲڣϲѾһˣսദУʶ¥˹׵ĺã˽⵽ӣǴòȥϲ
ô¥˹ǵһôϲŬӽһˣΪԼֻҪټӰѾкýˣʵȴǣԼǰˡ

¥˹ģûκιϵ

ֱǰ̶ԥУԼˣǴôʵ磬һʶ壬߱ûֽƬˣϲ˭ʲôϵб¾͹
ڿ֧ܵɡ̷·ֱƣͻȻʶԼˡ

Ȼǰû̸Ҳ֪һϲ㣬ôʱûлӦ¥˹֪ϲ
úÿǰڣǰȱ׷ߣҲŵľáŮ׷иɴ¥˹ײϲԼ

ĲϲԼأãĵĽĿһЩСƣǲкøУǣǸˡ
ãͬҲԱ˺ãûʲô

֪Щ̣ףӦþֻ࣬ǰˣΪѣԲ˺ԲŻһδεԴֻϣԼʵ

ͻȻǰϿһ仰˵֪ŮϲԼȴܾҪôǽŮɱ̥Ҫôǲܾ˸ǰУǶ෽ɵӡ
ǵȥ룬̾¥˹׿ܾǺߣþܾԼһֱšѾܾԼˣһʼĽӽ̬Ⱥ䵭һδεǿ

ؿɬɬܣҲ֪Լʲôʱ仨ϵʱ䣬ҲϲԼʵ

һԼȥ֮ǰ¥˹ദĵεΣԽ룬ԽԼЦԼӦˣ¥˹׺ûбֳ⣬⣬ϴ·ЩģԼˮʱչԼҲ˺ãܾƽʱദռˣԲŻڱĵطֲ
ϲ顣

ڣ˻

ôԼ
Ѷ֧ܵɡһ·Сѧȥ




47.  ʮ         ̽β

̽β, ڣһڣǽڿǵһ, λص֪ʱ磬̫ˣѧУҲûʲôȡůʩһ
ûֱӻ֪, , ͷе㷢, һκ, ȥҽƵ, ҽƵ˵ҩ

ľ, ߵǴ·, Ժߴ·, 컹У˵һ, ĿܲŲһ£Ҫһã˵Щȫ, ͳˡ
²˵˲֪Ҳ׳ԿҪѧУʦԾ, ҲôȥУǸˣĻֱӸŲˡ

뵽, ΢΢һЩһ·֪㣬·ʱͣ˵Եġ
ôúһԼ

Ǯĺ֣һ·һ·, ԵúһӳˣʱͿ֪СƽˣССģð̣ûȥϹӦ罫ó˯ûʲôֻпմҶŶ˯˯ϾƽʱϹ̫ˡ

̽ûĺȫȻɫƽĳǰȥԺӺҲûˣɡ·ſڵʯʱ£ϵѩһЩŽݣֱ˷䡣
ǹصģƿţȻߵԼλáĴ棬Ŵǽڣǰڲ֪λòãѩ׳ʪ±ɹһ죬ڶҲ䳱ˡ

ɡڴͷλÿţͰԱߣûɵ·¶ȣӦӢæװ̿ѵЬӣֱƿ·ȥˡ
ŲڻͰľʼϣһƽľ齻ģĥƽµĻ衣ľмķܴ󣬽Ų˻Щʹ̵ĽűһƬȥûã͸оȶˣ˿
΢΢ţֻҲŽȥ

˯û˷Ƿû˯ţ̽ݵĶ쳤ӿһֽۣͷȥ˼˯ûдк˼
˱ϵһ㣬Ҳװû

Ӧ࣬̽ȽſȺҲ·ϴ˯û˯칫̫ˣ˯ܶˣҪټؿ³Բ

ڴϺҲ˯ţƽʱ綼ǲ˯ģÿ˯ģһ˯šʮСʱҪ˯ߡ
һ˯žϹ룬ھǣԼԺ·ȻǴˣǸˣӻҪģԭƻĺܺãԺ¥˹һˣһŬѧȻسǶ鹤һһ

ڳʣҲ˵ǱʣֻһЩ£̲ʲôѶϵˣ˵൱ѡԣ鲻ΨһڼȻ֪¥˹׸ϲԼҲ֪һԣҪԺܾ;ԼûбҪʲôùˡ
ȻﻹЩᣬҲףͷβԼһԸѹҲǰѹˣͨ¥˹˵һֽѡ

Ȼ£̾Ͳٺǰ¥˹ദˣ˾ϾҪϵĸɸɾģϲˮ
¥˹׺ԲһԲԭǰԿ쵶ն顣¥˹ײǣǽԼɺѣ˵֮ǰôʵİԼüΣöԴ̬ȶÿ̧ͷͷģһ£ϵĳ׵ס

뵽Щͷۣͷ۵ǣҪΪĸ߿׼鱾ϵݲ򵥣ѧЩˣʷЩãӲѧͲˣҪùʽ֪㣬¥˹׳ɼãܲΪԶ¥˹߿Ҳˣûôɵ
һ뵽¥˹׺ַ꣬ǳıŤмķִѰա

ڴϷʵ˯ˣûϴ·ɴӴ
滹ѩ̽·ϴȻɡš

ֱȥ˺ߣ̫ˣߵˮ˱ӦõԵʣʯΧı俪ˣֻһ㱡ıƬ
Сߵʯ϶£ɡſȼ䣬Ȼ·꣬ҲʲôڿˣëЩûϴֱɹϣֻ·ˡ

ˮģֺֻܿ춳ͨ죬֮ǰ¥˹װϴԺֻܿԼˣʱЩζ
ôţ̿ٽ·ϴɾװȻɡߣǰҲʮӵӡ
ϴ·Ҫغܶ࣬ѱסеľ裬ص֪ʱ򣬸һԺӾֱӳ첽һѽӹеľ裬תߡ

̿ıӰŲһ٣죬ʲôû˵ͷݡ

Ѿ·ɹˣȻ

̿ɵľٴ룬ӹɫɡ룬߹ȥǼ·ˮȻϡ

ɹ·¥˹ƺҪ˵ʲôһлл㣬Ȼطˣ̫ˡ
˵裬ȻùԱǽϿŵĺɡתͳȥ

¥˹һ㶣ԭߵĻȥҲûж룬ֻһ̧ۿһֻۣѾʧˡ
΢΢üҲ֪ǲˣо̺ﲻһˡ

ǷѧũķûϹԵǺ࣬ϡϡˮһ˷ֵûԹһҲˣص֣ȥϴ
Ѿǰϴˣ䣬ϴһ裬ϴÿҪĲ裬ûȻһʱˣЩϰ߻û취ģˢܳԶ

ȥʱ¥˹ףҲڴˮЦЦȻúõˮưݸ
Ҳֱӽ˹˵һлл
ҲЦȴƽʱȡ

¥˹еĶһ٣ջ֣ԥһۣȻÿλãվһߣûֱ뿪ʵ˵ˣôûв
ƺ뵽ʲôֲһ䣬ҲãӦýɡġ
ˮһ󲻳˶ֺڣһ·߻Ͽûһ˿¶ȣ룬Ҫ̵ˮûô

һ⻰ԼǰѶ֧ܵɡһӣҲ˵ĺҪҲὫڱ˺棬ֲǾһ˻ﳵѲҪļ֣Ѳӻѹߣ
ðɣ֪Լ뷨ЩƫˣҲף¥˹ʲôҪˡ

³һתͷЦЦ·ʲô¶ûУɵ˵Ļģ˭û취ܾϣûʲô¡?˵꽫ˮų̛ϣһЦȻľˡ

¥˹׿뿪ıӰüֿſ棬ѩ£ǰ̿϶Ǵ֪෿룬ȴߡҲ֪ǲˣܾһҹ֮䣬̶̬ȿһЩȻЦЦݺ񲢲۵ס
¥˹ĿЩʲôû˵ת˷䡣

¥˹׷֣ԶԼƺǴദо̶ȷʵˣǸɶЦֻЦûκʲ١ҲҪæϴ·ˣ˵·࣬ԼͿϴѧЩֻǲǰһͼҴҹѰǰѲĿд˼·дԱߣԼпٿ
ûʲô仯ʲôˡ
¥˹̲ס֮ǰ£֮ǰһʱͻȻԼʱԸоԼˣµΪԵʣΣȴȷˣĵĪЩֻţ·ʲôҪĶߡ

ѩµе⻹̵һοʮĶ죬ĸǰľ˵ԼСʱѧŶ᲻ôЬӣֱӹܵѧУȵѧУŰЬӴϣ·ϵѩЬӴʪˣǸʱûнѥҲûʲô޵ƤѥĶǲЬ΢õ˼һСЬѹһ޻õģһļһ˫Ьӡֻ˵ʱϷѩѩ࣬ĵ˴ȣÿҪȥݶѩѩѷӸѹˡ

̼ǵԼʱ껹ţøĸˣеĶǺӣѩһֻнô⻹ģǵȥҳֻһѩڶͻˡ
ϥĴѩʱһʼǼģ֪ѩҲʲô£໹üû붬ؾôѩʱ仹֪ж䡣
˽һ죬Ѿ´·ˣۣ·еˡ

̱ôһ˵Щ£Ѿʶĺˣٱ䣬治֪ԼοȥŮ֪˯һ˯Ůֻ֪ˣͺ϶һģӢһԭЩԥԼõģӢӱǵĻıӣҲ˼Լ˯Ӣ
̵ıȻһ㣬ҲûôѶģûӣÿϳǰӷڻͰϺɣʱǽӷߣǿǿ˯̫䡣

ʮһѮʱѩͣϽָϹʵǰ´ѩʱӳ͹Ϲˣ죬ﲻˣŲòͣ
û취Ҫ˻ҪǮҩһ˼Ҷ

Ժòѩͣ˺󣬶ӳ͸ϽϹڹǰ˽浣Ľѩ·ǰֵ֪߲ͨˣЩҪسǲվġ
̫ˣһѩ˺ܶ£Ӵϵ¶뽹С

̵Ҳùѧкüģ߰˸ٻؼҰæɻ౾˾Ͳֻ࣬ʮѧϿΡУ˵ǰź٣ԭ׼ǰģƻʮµףֱӸĳʮ³ˡ
ҪʦǰɽѧֻܽϿεһٸģصϣĶѧǿȻ󻭳İʻ㡣

ϣνѧڵĽѧʱͻȻ֣һʱûк¥˹˵ˡ

һ仰û˵ʱҲк¥˹ײʲôӣһģ̬ȵ֮·Ҳûʲô˵ˡ
ʵʱ¥˹˵ܸܵĳ֮ûʲô˵ģͨͨѹϵҲͦõģʲôûУѡҲֵѿܼѡ
ͦõġ

˭ڼûаˣ˷˶ܼѣĶĶ
һ︺ûУĺܿԺ¥˹׺һˣԴ󷽷ף
˵Ǹõŵµˡ

̻ص֪ʱѾˣʵ磬ӦҲĵӣĩԸľʦˣУ˻ͻʦ
θľٶȺܿ죬̸Ӿͻˣ֪ſڵʱײվŵ¥˹ס
һ£Ȼ·ʲôûһ·¥˹ʱЦЦȻֱȥ

¥˹׽Ӳվԭأʱ΢ͷ

꿴̺ɫЩÿ̺¥˹׵ķӦ·ʲôһ˿⡣
ڿ̵ӰʱƤ͵¥֪࣬治֪˵ʲôʲôɡˣҸ֪ʱǺõģʱӹȥʱҲû˵ԡ
˵ʲô

¥˹״ͷҲ֪ʲôһתߡ

ɫһͻȻǰһȥץ¥˹׵ĸ첲Ͳһ𡭡

û˵꣬¥˹׾˦֣ˡ

ҧ

պһĻ̿Ҳû˸ղ˵ʲôֻǾǽ٣żûע⣬ڶˡ
û¥˹׶˭ڹǸرĴڡ

¥˹׸պҲҪȥſϣӨ׵С죬ƺҪ˵ЩʲôװûŤͷԳǵõʱһ
˵˳ƹˡ

¥˹״ս




48.  ʮ         ̽ݵʱ

̽ݵʱ, վſڣӦÿˣϹֻЦ, ̾ߵʱ˵һ䣬̣㿴, Ҷð, ҿɲᶪˡ

̲ô, ¥˹ôȲ˵, һ˵ֻ, Ҳ֪˭ԭôҹܵɽ·ز, , ˵׼Լڻִ, Щࣿ
һ, ֱˡ

״ɫЩÿ
Ҳǿˣ̶һ鶼û, ˵ϲͲϲˣʱĿӣ˵ǲܵ, ʱܹ϶Щ̡
뵽, һѾʧڳſڵ¥˹ף޺ޣԼǽǡ

ô̲֪ҲǺܹ, ѧУĿˣʦĴûкôãнݼʲô룬Ͽξζûй֣ҪֵĻҪһȥϹҲʲôڿˣô䣬Ÿɻò׷żˣ治ͣȥɻѧУȷʵ䣬Ҳţ澭ܷ紵ѩ
νһ˳ԱȫҲھ״̬ǰʱ´ѩͣ˺ü죬Ǽ̶ϿΣ˵ĹֻһЩİõ֪˯

ҲԼ˸ϴĸٲϣǹȾĲƥһЩǺõģǶ촩ֺʵϣŸԼӡ
˵̶·ʲô϶Ҫ˵ˣʽֳôһ㶼һΧܴҲûֱϵѿ

ܲˣǰʱͿʼԼʽڸպпվͿʼԼĸĹĲ϶࣬ûȥЬҲһ

ܲ㣬ڵĲ϶ûеԣҲʲô㣬ܲ㴩ſ̾ͰԼӡеʽڴĿʽܼ򵥣ûգβĿϣֱͲʽϵе㳤ĸʱҪߣĳһ㡣
·һ㶼ǼŮģ̡ո·ǣȻҲĻڹ£Ҫܶࡣ

̸Լóߴ磬Ȼ̿ڲддЩѣѵĻΧսҲѲĿӣкüƴӵģһ
ĺǷƵḶ́ǿһٷһ룬ȡÿ붼һһ칦м仹зƲõģֲ·졣

ò˵ûѵĵطʱԴ£Ƕ˵ÿҲúÿǺȽеܲ̿ʽΧСʣߣȿɣֿϵ׻ްܴ䡣
һһͱȽϵӦˣֱͲ㣬һЩǿۺ죬Ҳ˵ĿãǾñϴĺÿ̰Ҳһ

Ҳû¸ɣ̾ûܾ·ʱԱ߰æ˵Ϲʱ£֪ôľĵϣɫŹ֣ѹҲ֪ǲˣܸо˺֣֪𣿲ż칦˾ʹˣƤ˲˵۾ҲˣúǶҪ棬Ҷ

Ӣ˵£ӢģӦǶ첻ɹ̫׵ģ˵̾ͺܰףΪ̺ɹ̫ŶԼʵʵ۾˵Ůʮ˱䡰

඼˵ˣˣŮʮ˱䣬СʱͳȣǸֻǽڵı仯˭仯ô죿
˵ƺţǿûӣҪǻ㣬϶Ҳϲ֪һվڲԶӢĲ棬㽫ˡ
ʱҲˣǰװ׵Ƥ̵ıӣͷһС౶Դϡ߽ͲˣûپºÿǺ˳ԾΪڿҲòˡ

Ȼ֪ʲôԵʣǸϵͳΪõ񣬽һ˼Ĵڣòķܶ˿ĵһ۾ˡ
ڲŸոտʼء
ЩҲø˵ֻ˳Ļͣ£ԺҲɹ̫

ЦˣЦֵ˵̵ĸ첲Сһ䣬¥˹ôˣûô˵ˡ
ֹǲ˵ˣôˣǰпվһ

ɫ޹ϣֻûа̫ˣԸš?
࿴˵ҲͲöʲôˣһ䣬¥˹ͦƵģÿ¹¥˹ߣҶüˡ
˵¶мɫϴζܾˣȻܺƤҲ治֪˵ʲôá
ϴֳìܣ֪㵽ڻӰǰ򶫻˽¥˹˵Զһ㣬Ҫ꣬¥˹Ӧȥˣ̬Ȳ磬Щ䣬ɲŲš
˵ʵڻûмĸŮôƤġ

֪ϲ¥˹ףԭΪ˵⻰ῴӣû뵽ֻǵ˵ͷŶһȻû˵ʲôˡ

һ㶣һۣҲ֪뵽ʲôʲôû˵ˡ

ĩʱȥسǣҪϹһȥģ·϶Ŵѩû취ﳵɴֱȥģû뵽·ѧУͬ¡
ѧУͬǸʦģ˹˹ĵģҾ˵ܽ빫СѧһֱʻģҲ֪٣ͬ¼˽´ģ̶˲̫˽⣬ʦ̵ѧƽʱûʲô
ʦһӸ߸ߵһ𣬿кʦҲȥسǰҪһɣ

̱;һ·ģˣ˵ЦЦ̫ˣһأû뵽ǡ

ʦͬ飬Ҳ֪࣬ţͬУǰͬѧȻһӣϵɺܺãƽʱϵһԼȥسǽģһ߹ܶණû׼ãЩ˲

̵ͷȱʲôȻһЩ飬һ·˵˵ЦЦߵسǵʱҲ̫ۡ
˵سǵʱȥһʾ֣̼ţȻֽȥ͹Ӫꡣ

òһسǣԶٺõģ֪֪ҾһڵĽӣǣÿسǣԸǮҲԸ˹Ӫ꣬ò㡣

βЩ껹Ҫָ˳Щˣ¥˹Ҳ׷ģǰˣŲỨǮء
֮ǰƺˣܲ¥˹ף϶ϾŮڵĶиص㣬ŮԵŮɫҪô³ңҪôŮĹӣ̿϶ᵱʲôӵģôҪԺĽˡ
ԺҪ¥˹סʲôϧǱ鿴ʱ̫Զˣڶ벻ǵõĶӡ̵ݣС̡ôɫȫûκӡӦֻǸ·˼ס

ӣ˾ֱӻȥˣɫЩӵȻгѩ
Ķе࣬˺ܶԵģһ˲ףԶһЩ龫ǡɡ͡򴲱ӣ̫ˣ᲻ã֪˼ڹһӣ޻Ҳ
ǰЩйϵڹ絯˴ӣů͵ĺܣึëǮǻ㵯ĺһ㣬ҪҪĻȥ㶩һõ

۾һģ¾鷳ˡ
һҪʮǮҪ޻Ʊ޻Ʊ࣬Լ˫Ь˫Ьһ˫ģѾôůˣЬһʱЬ޻ȥˣҲܳţһžʪˡ

ѩЦˣ۾̣ʲôҶ֪࣬ܰġ

Ҳ·ڷֵʱ򣬻һ¡
ѩҲǰ˵ͦģˣ̸ŮʦߵıȽϽûദû뵽ܿףڶͱűӹ̡

滹ѩأһִɡһֱűӹ̸Ͻܳȥôͺˣ鷳һˣ
ȥӣѩûãǽɡݸ̶£ȻȻӹеɡɡٸߣƫһ㡣

ѩӲߣӦҲһ߶ӣߣǾٵĲǺܳ
˽ݣѩϵıһûʪһűӻ˷䣬ͰѩЦƴǣ͵Ҿˡ

Ҳû˼ôˣһɣ㶳ˣȥݱˮ
˵ҲѩĿϽȥúǡ

պ磬˻û¹Ѿˣȿˮ̸˳һˮ˵˻Ҳûʲô˵ģѩ˱Ƚ죬̻Ҳ٣䳡¹ѩŸ뿪

̽͵ſڵʱ򣬸պײϴ¥˹ףװûɶѩЦÿģ̫лˣ´ȥسԷ?
ѩϳ¥˹ף۾ϲӹȻЦЦôܽѣҺܸˡ
۾ϣƺŲһ

װûЦݼ·Ļ
ҲɵһԱ˶䵭ˣô̶ܴб뷨

̲һɶˣΪϲ͸жϱˣѩȻŲòҲȽɾ̫̾ˣҲһ߶ӣӸӶߣһ࣬һֱĲҪҸôߵģԺСŮãҪк붼֪ʡ
źŮѵͨȾǿߣܶԲԼδĺӡ

ˣѾͨˣҿʼ滮Լδĵ·Ȼ󣬵Ⱥ꿼ϴѧȻٶǻͲˣ磬ҶǶǱʣµģɲС
ϴѧҲ̸߼Ĵѧǰ䣬ĵطԼϼңպϴѧˣѧУﶼϺģҪмһġø߳˧Ķеļ붼֪ж͡

¥˹õѡòûø߳˧һһ˧ֱɱȦһаɼҲã߿оԲڻ£ԸչˣֱûбõĶˡϧϲһеԼĹ䡣

һ뵽Լ˷ôʱͽǮʹ
ʹʹžˣúú»Ŀ꣬Ϊ˱ԺԼ׵ĵ·һȺ̸ԼñȽϺãôţѩһ֪񻹲ٸӹߡ

ѩ໹ҪٿҾҲ֪ΪʲôòҲԭһʲô°ɣѩаҲȷ᲻׷˺䵭ˣҪһ㣬̲׷ѹҪѩɼãҲǲԸģɲȻѩСѧѧСѧѧͻˣû취ȷɼͺû
Щ̿ǵص㣬׼Ҹˮƽ
ȻԼһϵ¥˹׾ǰ֮úú÷չһ¸ڼ֪࣬ȡ̴㡣

ôţ̾Լȼ֮

̻صݽͰط䣬˸¹϶ʪ͸ˣԼʰӷֱȥ˳׼ȥ˲ˡ
սͿ̨ǰƿӵ¥˹ף̫ˣ˳ױǾһľͷӣԽ˷ڹסȶȡ

̿ЩΣϾ¥˹ףҪǲ֪Ӧ˵ʲô
Ҳû취˳ȥֻӲͷƤǰߵ̨ԣͷֶ˲ˡ

ҲʱԱߴ¥˹΢΢ɳƵ̣극Ǻú̸һ̸

̶˲˵һ٣û̧ͷҲ֪ʲôζ֮ûʲô˵ģȻˣǾͷ֮ҲͦõģҪʲôΪʱ˵̫ΣҲɡ
ûоܾɣĬһº󣬱ͷӦһá
ȻŲת뿪ˡ

¥˹׿ıӰǰɸָղſڿһĻǸ˿ѣЦΪá
佨˵˺֮ǰԴ˵ϲͲϲˡ

¥˹ײģͲһġ

ƻϲϱ仯극¥˹׻ûüʰ꣬ʹӹлˡ




49.  ʮ         š

Ŵѩ, ǿ˹Ҳվ棬ֻ˽Ŵɽĵĸ˵ˮ, Ӣˣñһ£¡
ֲǲ֪ŮԱʲôˣϴξΪ, ֪㵹˴ù, ֪ﲻӭ, , Ƥǽ

û, ֻԼӴһ, ӽ, úں׳׳, ӱ, һ֪ĺܺãӻûڵϻ, Աߵ꣬

˿ˮ˵, ˳Ư˺ܶ࣬Ƥװ׵, ҲûǰݵƤˣ΢΢Щ⣬۾̱ӣıͲÿ, Ȼͦһ㣬ͷƫԲеϷ
һ˳úòÿ۾㣬ؼڱɲɡ̣ٶܾ£۾ǵ㾦֮ʣһ˫ǳƯèۣԲģβһѹӣëŨܣַ·ԴߣԵ۾ֺһϲϲҪ˶죬ϲ˷ִйԵƯ

¥˹ͬϲˣŴоòȴ˵͵Ĵʻ㣬ͬ£µĲ˫ںڵķۣǽͻԳĿС߲խһжǡǡãһг
Ӳ濴ͻᷢ϶˴΢΢͹ģеշζǺԣһ΢ͻΪӴ˼Ӣ㣬ûһ˿Ȼ·ɽַ·ʯϵ
еʣ˵Ҳ

߶ûУȻڱúÿˣԺ󻹻øÿһۿ;úܱŤѾȺܶ˺ÿˣں̣ܶղŵһۿ˵ʱ;úͻأôƤӣ°ܻͣоǰڰɣʱûǺȻҲ׵òᡣ
ϧʱ˶ûҲû˾ﲻԾ˷һɻӦҲֻÿˣû˻ỳʲô

ĿĵȻ¥˹ףﶼƺϴεµ̵ӡҲûţԻ˷䡣
ҲȻȻĻ˷䣬궼ˣҲûҪʲôݣܸɴĻط˯

Ҳ˵ʲôһѾˣ֪㶼ûˣӦöȥϹˣѩҲͣˣĥĥӴһ±Ӿǲһһ˯Ѷů͵ġ
֪ûˣ⼸췹˶ģ̴·ȥ˳ǸԼһ龫Ȼ̵Ŀʼ

Ҳ򵥣Ҳûʲôˣһ̲ˣһܲ˿Ȼ󷹣󷹵ʱϴпڹ
ͲҪʲô˼ˣɴˮطϴŴӷʱǡóҲ¹ˣһϢ˵׵ʱҪͨ磬ʴҵ

ͨҶİ˷ܼǵǻ򶨣ڼǰͨϵˣ̡ģһʼ綼ЩӦ
ûзõú͵ƸûʲôʱĵߣҲͱǿһ㣬һĵƹûȣеҲûɶãֲֻ

˲ô룬ֱӱ̬϶ҪװģʱﶼеûУЩ˿»Ʋǣƺú͵ƵĲͦģܲˡ
˵⻰ʱﻹżԽУȻҶ֪࣬˵ĺǳģ˼ãѧũǼӹĻء

̣ҸͬҲֻܶĸܡ

̸û˼ǵͷ֣һӡ
ûһۣ¶ԥɫϽһ䣬ѲǻŻسǣⶼûӰӵ£ǰŰɣͨҲѶǮÿ˴һˡ

⻰һ˵꣬ҶĬ

ֻ¥˹ע⵽ں˵سʱֵ̿Ķһ٣ʶ̧ͷһֵۣܿȥˣ·ʲôûӡ
Ҳ֪ǲĴ·𿴵ղ˼Ц⣬ЦһΪһֱͣϣԲŻע⵽һ㡣
ü̺֪һЩʲô

˵ɣ˶ÿԣѧũһǮ޲ֻͨ˷Ǯ¡
ѧũ붼ͷԣֱ˵ûǮҪͨͨҲá
⻰˵Щˣͨ˵ôܾͲˣϳԷʱ˵ƣˣ

򶫺ܾᣬһú˵Ķԣ˶ãǲãʱܻᱻƲ𣬶ǻسǵϣȷʵˣںʹһͨ˵磬պͻȻͨʡܶ鷳
ͬͨ˵󻨷ҲͶˣСǮʱҲǴǮ

һ󣬿ʼͶƱҪͨľ֣ͨĲþ١
֪һʮһˣĸ˾֣佨Ҳֵģû٣ͰַˣӢþ١

״ɫÿҪǼӢⷽʤˣọ̃ʲô˼

û뵽ìͷԼĪһۣû˲Ҫ̫٣ͨҲ֤ʲôôĵƻҲûú͵ƺõȥ˷ǸǮʲô

̶ô˵ˣѧũɫǱˣ̻ͺһͨء
ѧũͣǣ˷ǸǮʲôãͨʲô簡Ҫͨͨȥ

Ҫ˵Щʲô򶫴ĻֱӵôˣȥͶӳ˵һ
˵룬Ľһ䣬Ȼ̫ܻܲسǣ㲻ܻسǣҲס̫ãԺǸԳɼˣѲɻסͨ˵Ҳ˷ˣʱҪ磬ȥ˵һҲü

˵سǸصĻ⣬ǳⷬôóˣһӿʵصɫЩÿüͷĽġ
һ䣬Ļز˳𣿡
Ҳû𰸣̾һҲ飬һ˭ȥԼ

Ѿڴˣ⻰ܻܿȥˣ̫ģܿϧ˵
ԼҲͦѹģҲãԼδһ䣬Լһӻزȥ𣿿ûκܸ

ֻһһǰߣĲܻȥҲҪӹãԼúðԼ

Ŀƣֻܰοһ䣬ͷȻֱ̫࣬ʵڲУͰѳ򶫸㵽֡
˵һ仰ʱյС˳ЩŰ⣬ƷǺܲģģҲҲ󣬳ʹ㣬Ҳ˶٣ֻǱǼ磬˼࣬˿Щϡ
ƾǷ̤ʵԿľ񣬾Ժܴ󸻴Ҳ̫ԺسǾ˦ŮΪ

౾鲻Ǻܺã˵Ļ֪뵽ʲô˲һ죬Ȼյĵһۣ˵ʲô
ûⷽ£ĿУֻ֪Ķӳ渺ڱôһ˵ʱ˲õ롣

ҲֻǷϽЦЦϹ˵ģ档
Ͻɻȥһǣס˰װ˯

࣬һʱЩ˯ˣڴ˼

ڶ磬¥˹ǰˣ̶ˣû뵽ϣΪ̸̸ܺ¹
ʱڳæԵ࣬ǰʱˮ˲֪Ҳֵʮȫɹˣʵǳ˺࣬˰ˮһ磬ȻʱгƬŽȥٷһҶӺ̲ˣһӻࡣ

֮ǰһܲ˿ʵܲõĳԷǺ䣬ζǼõģϧʱ˵ˣⶼԲϼأĻҲûʲôζֻг˿ģҲ·

֪ûʲôˣ̺ȻĸԼСõܲ˿ʢʱôװXʰԼƽʱԷȻһ߿һ͵ԡ
⼸֪ķģԼΪûʲôԡ

¥˹һͿ͵Ե̣¶һ˿죬漴Ӧʲôͷװûֱӻ˷䡣
µüӹһ˿Ц⣬ͻȻԼЩˣǸûô䡣

ҲЩΣ˽ˣϽʣµİǹ⣬ȻˮưҨ˵ˮϴϽʬ𼣡

¥˹״Ѿһվ̨ǰϴϴˣ·æĲС

¥˹׽Ųһ٣Ȼֱߵǰ£ӻ

̲һ仹˵£ԥҪҪ뿪ͻȻ¥˹׵̸̸̣

϶Ӳ£վλӿ¥˹׵Ӱֻͨж϶ԷôˣƵġ

¶ֲ䣬֪ӲȥˣĬһµ̸ʲô

¥˹⻰ʵҲ֪Ҫ̸ʲôֻǾбҪ˵˵ܴ֮ʲôᣬ⼸䵭ġ
Щ£̵ɡ֪ʲôʱˣǰɡù֪жʵƽʱõĺϸ£ͻȻ仵ɡò룬ȥ꣬Ȼ겻ϣǷŲ£ͼ̽ͣһֱûлᣬƺʼ

뵽¥˹΢΢һɬ̧ͷ˫īһڵӿվŵķ򣬾ƽɡʲôʱ򻵵ģ·ߣ·϶Ǳ˪ȽϻƳģں棬ɡ򣬻صʱҾȥˣʱɡˡ
ϸǸģܾĻᣬ공һûɡ̣˵Ѿɡȥ˲ŷģص֪۵ĲУǰһû˯ƺҲЩˣһ˯˹ȥ

û뵽ǽɡ꣬뵽꣬¥˹ﲻǲᷳҲ֪ǸΪʲôһֱţѾ˵ĺˣȴһ١ٶĳǰ

¥˹׽ǰϸϸ˵ҽԺ᲻ûǮסԺһϣǺӰҹַӺ궼˯ȥȥֵĻʿӵˮһǮġǮ׼̻·㣬ʳԣ֪ǡ

¥˹׽Щ꣬һʱĬ

¶ɫ죬˵ɡŪģ˵ǹɡ£ǵˣڱ˺档
⻰˵ڣϲȵӣϲǸˣϲԸԼԿҲ˵Ĳã̰ˣ뽫ݺñĶһݡ

֮ǰܻ̿ܿͨԭ£ڻزȥˣԴ֪һеʱ̬ͱˣܸоҪٿԼͳ˵ߣصĲֲͺǰڸϿһģһĿ󿼵ٺãﶼ÷飬ⲻԼʵˮƽǸóɼ

ˣﻹЩ֣̿ţ¥˹ԸһҲûаȫУᵣһ¥˹ױģϲŮꡣ
£¥˹Ŵ˼岡˫ȲмԸһչȴû취İõĶϾվϣ磬Ҳָֻô˽......

ôţѹĵ׵ĲʣһȻŬ¶ȻЦݣƿǣŹ˼¹࣬漴Ȼ̫Ҷˣ㿴ڲúվѾûҲûй㣬ɡԼŪģ·ˤһӣСĽɡѹˣûʲôϵ

˵ͣ˶٣ּѾͨˣ֪㲻ϲңǼڴ룬ƺȷʵ̫ʣԸϰߣܶطг룬ԺһӦҲĺܿġңҷԼҲûеôϲ㣬㲻Ϊҵ䵭ʲôġ
֮ǰһֱ㲻ţ˲鷳ҲƢʲôû˵İɣԺ󲻻ˣǾ͵ͨҲͦõġ

ƽ˵λ˻Ц·ķ²ˡ
̴̨ǽţûп˽Ұ׵ɫ




50.  ʮ         Ļ

Ļ, ¥˹׸оǰůĻҲɢϵı䣬ÿһƤ·ӱˮнݹһ㣬̲ס
֪Լôλ, ˵Լͨ˺͸оԼĿﱻһѵֽ

ô˵Ļʲôǲʣʲôûеϲ
˵, Ժ󶼲ˡ

ûüԼ, ֮е·
֮ǰ, Ϊ, ѾԼ˼

, Ҳֹһȥĸ, ȴûὫϲջȥ

¥˹׵һξ, ˲̡

¥˹û˵, Ҳ֪Լ˵ʲô, ţ־һû취á·ɤһ, ̵ۿЩɬ

Ҳûж룬ΪƽʱһĬԣ˵ЩЩ, ĻǷ°ɡ
ЩĻ˵ڵ, о˵¥˹׵Ĺϵ͵ͷˡ

ϲ¥˹ʵ
ϲϵĵһˣҲСϲһʱѧ, ǸǶǿߵĳݣҪ˵ϲǸҲá
˴ѧææµµģ۽ˣ˵ʶƫʵǣϴѧ԰ûʲô嶯ΪԼŵǴѧѧ࿴ҵҸߵĹ˺ͰʲôģÿԵ

һ뷨ǰϣǸսУ԰ѧǣڰѡУԥѡߡ
ΪǻûᣬѾ֪淨˭סԼֻԼĶȫġ

¥˹׶˵ģܹоԼϲκζǴ˵ϲʼֵƷͲŻԼĸİ̫ˣҲǼʵеĳȣִֿʽİЩ֮ԱǣԼ֪ԼǺȥϲһ˵ġ
ڼ䰵һѧԣԴдڼײ˯ˮ˲ûκλˡ·¥˹ϣҲ⣬ȴǿԽܵģܿɰ

ͬǸǳǿϵŮ֪¥˹ײϲûнʵͲԸϻʱ;ˣθУȻǸҲԼ档

Ȼ˵Ժദû취ˣкҲû취
Σ¥˹ףǳĬ֮ǰܣ·һʼʶʱİ롣

֪ҲֲԾˣ֪֮䷢ʲôװ֪Ϊϴͺˡ

Ҳû˺ͺãǿӵ֪ǹ̡˵Īˣ̺¥˹˾Լˣû뵽û˼죬ͷµĶͷ
ѩҲ֪Ķ֪飬鿴ҲʲôСˣͽԼѾĸһα

ѩ໹˵һҪҪĻ裬˵ÿʴӳ賵Ͷʾ賵Բá
ôõ£̵Ȼܾˡ

ѩǸӵģܽ·ԼʮӾ͵ˣ̰ûµʱ򻹻ȥţ֪Ǹѩཻõ֪Ҳǵ󣬱иͬе֪ͷܵĸˡ
Ǹ֪Ȼû¥˹׺ÿҲϰ׾㣬̵ӱȽûѩԲÿ춼ҪϹȥѩʱ򣬺˵仰¥˹ľګĶࡣ

¥˹ֻӰΪ˴·治ȱ˲ܶʱҪͨ͸֪࣬ҲǷˣǲ̫˽˵ҭ

̴Ӹӻʱǡ¹ĳǣЩ̽ȥѩｻѧҲһˣصǰİš
տʼæãͲ̾ܲˣ챾ʱͶ̣һоΧ̨ת
Ȼ̵֪ĽڣҲû취˵ʲô

ſվſڣڵϰڳ׽ɫֱʳ̣͸Ǹ֪ʲôϵô춼ȥ
⻰˵᲻ﶪģΪ̶䵭Ҳ˵̫ݣҪǻǰˡ

⻰ʵĻǲͲ˵̸ѩ಻岻ˡ

ſϺˮ⻰һʱ䶼͵͵䡣
ʵҲ棬˻۾Աߵ¥˹ס

¥˹׶Ƿ󣬼ͷһ˿޵⡣

еɡ˶ѩģֱӷ˸ۣʲô£
ø˵ʲôֱתˡ

𰸣׷Ųţôҵ£һ֪ģҪҶҲӦңҸڵģѲɻҪ޵ȥ
һ뵽Ҫ޵ӣͲʹ죬֮ǰ̺¥˹׺ûʹ죬̺¥˹һܾڸԼˣܴ¥˹нҪȥ˸ڣԺ涼

⻰Ҳһи˼ǣ̳ȥˣԺͳԲˣȻ̿˲٣ĴˣݻܳԵһصġ

̽Ųһ٣ͻȻ⻰֪ôģ۾ʶһϤӰ
¸ղûע⣬ֻҪ룬һ۱ܿȺе

¥˹Ҳڿ΢̧ͷڵƽ쳣ż

߶ϣƿĿ⣬˳ǣĶһ䣬Ҳͦõģʡ쿴㡣
˵ͻطˡ

첱Ӵ֡

ֻ̱һ俪ЦĻû뵽൹ǵˣ극̵ܹĿڷ磬ǲ޵ȥ
ϴγ˵Ļ̵ӡܾûسûˣҺҲʵ˵һ䣬¥˹׵ôˣòϲӵǸ֪˰ɣ

ڻͰ￾⻰ûһۣôܻ޵ȥز˳ŮԶԶģٹһͿԻسˣټ޹ȥֿ
ȻЩ˽⣬ѩ˻ͦģŷչһ£ЩۡԸҲǺҪġ

Ϲ˵ʲôأ֪ǸˣҺܶ࣬гŸùϵԺýãֲǲ֪ӳϱǸʲôˣЩǮʡԼԵĶá
̲ԼС˼ûӰӵʱ˵˵£һ䣬Ժ¥˹ˣֻͨͬ־ϵ

һ㶣۾̣ͷ˵ѹеʡ
ϸ˵һ䣬ȷʵ˵͸ӳϱĶܼ࣬Ҳˡ

Ӿôţʮһµ׵ʱָһ̸оʮˣʮ·ݣ漸ѩӶǰããһƬ·ϵѩĵˣ϶Ҫȥݶѩ
˻ҪϹ̸ųȥһΣʵǶܲˣһװͷʹܻ֪㣬ûϹҲûϿΣûʳɴܵһۻԸ
˼ҲһһΣյŶѾˣѩ͹ģ³Ǻʵʱ򣬴Ҳһȥһسǡ

źͰѩ໹͸ĸƻĸĹģ˵Ǽ͵ģϷûС
Ҳˣ׼ӻȥ

ѩžˣתݵʱſڿ¥˹ף¥˹׿һۣҲ˵ʲô̧ЦЦ
ϾһҲûѹϵֵ̫

¥˹˵ͷʲôû˵еĲˣȥ˳

̽źͰŻط䣬극ȲĻط𿪿ոдģֽһֽдǼж˼˵̫˾ͲҪȥϹθ㹻ǮƱʲô򣬲ʡš
ոҲû뵽ôյţҪؼˣĹôǮƱҲûá

ڶֽдһ£ǹģ̿û˵üͷýġ

ո˵иѵĶӱ꣬ʻ䣬СʱǻһλҵֹǸ쵼ΪԼ˵ףԸ޸ӵĻ԰æŪس
ո˼ѾʶʮˣλƷǿԱ֤ģոҲ˹˹ĵģʱӦת

ոʵΣúܶԲŮ±һܷͷȷԼûҸὫŮŪʱᳬ֪꣬ʡ쵼ԣ˵ŮŪسˣԼǶӶù
ȻһжôչǸ쵼Ҳʧƣֻ˸ദ쵼ָ˸ְλոвڰжһܳҪ뽫ŮŪسǣ뻹Ҫһꡣ

˸سǵĻᣬոһֳ״ίԼҹŮҲʲôרĸף̲ҪģдŹҪͬ⣬дŻظԷ˵²ĻˣӴһ¡

̲סԥˡ

ʵղſŵĵһӦǾܾô飬СܵĽûȡسǵĻᣬ˭ֻҪٵһ࣬лسˣ֣ûҪ߽ݾ
ҶһʶˣֱäƼޣһԷϲͣҪʹһӣ

һ棬Щʵܱ֤ԼһͿ϶ܿϴѧֹһ˵ĸ߿¼ȡжͣҲ¥˹ĴڣΪ˻سЩ˻óٷְٵƴһܾĹˡ
һλᣬҲûϴѧֻܵȹҵʱſ֪سǵˣģǵãطʱ䲻ͬһϵ˼꣬ʱӦöʮˣʮ껹سǿϣ֪жඪ

˵ҲԼС˼Ժ쿴¥˹׺ҵӣ˵ŲҲã˵ӱҲãԶԶġ

̽ſ飬Ҳûһͷƺķƣǲǳʲô£
ҡҡͷ˵û취˵ڣҲܸʲôý顣

´ѩ֪ͨϢ죬ԺҲڷ˯⻰ʱ򣬺ͷҲˣĬĶһۡ

̽Ҫȥһ˵ģȻڲϿΣû¸ɣҲسǾܻسǵģ֪翪ʼͱˣҹϸ֪سǾ൱̽ףʱ䲻̫˺ҪǲͻصĻҪη

Ѿ̶ӳ٣ǺõˣҪǰȥƱƱ̻û׼ȥ

ڿţ˵ʵͻȻе㲻ؼˡ




51.  ʮһ         ̵ڶ

̵ڶһͳȥ, ҪȥسƱ·ߣβܶ, Ϲڼؼҵ֪࣬ҪǰƱ

ǹڻؼҹһΣھͲ׼ȥˣ⼸ܽľ, µ, һȷʵ, 㲻þͻ, ʱؼһҪʲôҲ鷳

ڴڲܺͼžźʲô, ʵ˵ʵڻ, Щʱ, Ѿļ˲, ÿλؼ, Ըоûǰôܣ·ǻصĲǼңȥݼ͡
䴺ڼ仹Ҫô, ǾԼ룬㲷˪ݣֲڵ˫, ޲ԼǸˡ
겻ؼң˵Ǽ¡

Ҳ, ּŮûǣǰԺǸĸĵı, ʲôʱؼңﶼĴĸ۰Ҳ١

ѩҪ賵ȥسǣҲһ
ҲҪؼҵģƱѾˣģ̳űȽ磬ʱŴ

гϣһ·ƽ·¿һ¾ͲˣҪߡ

سҪƱسǳվʱûɢȥվҲ٣ųӣֵʱĳƱԼûˣĻмţ˺ġ
óƱʱѾˣվϹӣŵʮ˶ЩˣûԣŶҪؼˣ϶ҪȥӪԶٺõġ

ͣѩٴΣҲռ˼ұˣ˳˶ڵİײڽӣȻȥ˹磬˵㵱صز

ȻȫصĹĶ࣬Ҳϸ΢ߵĹһЩصزƷһ㶼ǵ¹ṩģһЩɽĸɾʲôģ̻յ̲ܲˣҪسˣس˲ũ壬߲ʲôȽϽȱ
̹سǲվٵĿ첻Ҫȥվţ˵ĳһЩ˾һѷȥ˾ֻܼʣ򣬼۸һġ

һЩصĸɾ߻һرóԵĽǵģ۸Թ󣬱ҲûҲһװϣѩֻģЩҲһģЦ˵ÿλؼҶ֪Ҫ㶫ζ㡣
ʵԭҲ֪ǰԭÿλؼҶǿ֣ϰ˴㶫

ЩͻȥˣѩǸʿֱӽ͵֪ſڣ֪ܰӦϹû
ȥгͷϹŵĶʱվԵѩͻȻñϵѩźǡ

ʶ̧ͷѩԴЦüۣ·ûһȥɣˡ

Щڣ⻰ͷû˵ʲô

ѩųˣ̿뿪ıӰĬһºҲת֪ߣ֪תͿſվŵ¥˹ס
ޱ鿴Ҳ֪ǲ̵Ĵ˫ڵӴż⡣

һ㶣Ҳ֪ΪζЩ飬ͷܿĿ⣬ȻŶȥ
ñסߣΪӦˣû뵽һ̤żǰͶһ˫źɫЬĽš

̽Ųһ٣Ҳû룬ͷ׼ƹȥ̧˲ʱ첲ͻȻ˴һץס˵Ĵսһ漴ʹŤͷ΢̧ü

¥˹ɫЩף»ЩɫûôϢãһֽĮʣϲ

ָ˭Զֻ̺ΪʲôԼôֵ⣬ôţҲһ˿ɻ
۾¥˹û覴õӣͼҪҵʲôϧ¥˹׵ɫƽؿ˫ɫ˼֣˿͸⣬̲ûдϷʲô

Щʧ䣬Ϊֻ˵ܾϲҲϣתͷͰϱˣ̲סЩЦҡҡͷһ䣬ûУֻѺͬ¹ϵ
˵г첲

̾ûбҪƭ£ûôɣȻѩܺãദԼûκθоղΪĵñϵѩֻоŤðûһ˿ɬ֪ⲻҪǸˡ
ȻҸʵĶ󣬵Ҳʲô˶ԵģԼеϲ

¥˹˻طıӰҲ֪ûУͷס˷ۿ

̻صʱ򣬷Լͷƺ˶ͷ·յţüóţԸо汻˶ˣ·ż֮±ŷģϸϸ۵õӡ

Ҳ̵ƢԷʱֱʳ˭ҵţ
˵⻰ʱֱӿĺĿ䡣

ƺЩ飬һʣм㣬ͷϽ˼ķװûӡ

ʲôŤͷɵĿۺͻȻ˵һ䣬˵һãҿ㴲Ϸ˷

һ⻰˲伱ˣݺݵһ࣬׵˵ʲô˭ˣֻ۾ˣ

಻Ҫûʲôʲôͷһ˭ɵأ

㡭
û̸ʲôô

û˵ֱ꣬̾Ӳ֮ǰվӿԼǸʲôҵҷҵĶһǵһ֪㾹ȻֽŲɾѹҾˡ

⻰ըëʲô˼˭͵㶫ˣͷŸɾ㣬͵ΪɶôҿҪ˻سˣô֪ʲɣ
˵Ťͷˣһ¿ˮ̵ӣǲ֪ɣҪ˻سˣиӣأֻҪ̴Ӧ޹ȥܻسˣǲһˣ˵λؼҾܰ°ˡ

û˵λɫΪѿ

˺⻰ʶ͵͵Ťͷ̡
سǣڵ˵ǲԭΪҶһȴû뵽еһܻȥ

ֻ¥˹ףſӵֶºַ·ʲôûӣųŷ
ֲܿƵЩ⣬ûб

˵˵˵۾ſϿޣƾʲôƾʲôܻسǣΪǼҾ㣿֪㻹ûܸɻءء

ⷬ˵ĴҶ

Ҳʱ¥˹ͻȻվųˡ

극ȥϴ룬¥˹ģ¥˹׹ϵЩãԶǷֹģҪôϴ룬Ҫô¥˹ϴ롣
ȥʱ¥˹Ѿϴһˣԥ߹ȥڵɡ

¥˹ûÿ϶ͣºϴһڣͻȻһ䣬ʲôʱߣ

̲֪ΪʲôҲûֱӵ졣

¥˹׵һ

û˵ҲûߣվһԿϴ룬ƺ̫ˣ̲סһ䣬֮ǰǲϲѩࣿ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻôһ䣬ʵ˵ҲûλȥǴһոѵĶӣԷ˲ĻͬˣԵⶫԣλһҲ˵׼

Ҳ֪Լڴʲôһˡ

¥˹׵ĻظǳĬһ仰û˵
Ҳ˵ڣܹسǺ£û취Ҳûȥֹ
֮ǰõĽֻû뵽ô졣

̵ȲĻӦ򴽣ƺʲôһתˡ

һ磬컹û̾ˣ滹ڵģȥԣкõģ˼ͷ·ϳԡ
棬ָԼװһȿˮȻطʰϴްñףһĳˡ

ԭΪҶ˯ˣ֪ӷͿվſڵ¥˹ףǰһӹİС˵һ䣬߰ɣ㡣
˵Ⱦߡ

̷Ӧæеú͵ƣƷſϣżȥãԼˡ
ͼûԼ¥˹ױܿˡ

̿ıӰ£û˵ʲô
˳ţҲ֪Լж磬ˣ滹ǺںһƬ
¥˹׽Ųô󣬼·ͳԺӣСܸȥȻһǰһӿߡ

·ǺѩӦѩˣ淢ɳɳ滹з磬̽Χͷͷߣǰ¥˹׾ľ롣

ΧĹ֣˶û˵һ·ĬسǣûȥվسȦ·ߵȳиªվƣӴӳվ·Ѿмڵˡ

ãյûóӾˣ߳ƱҲΡλʲôģֻҪƱпλȥ
¥˹׽ݸ۾ϣһ˿ú·עⰲȫ
˲ʡ

ûͷӹͬʱӿڴͳƱ
Ҳ֪ʲô˼ƱͳͻȻ̧ͷϹЦһɵ룬һǻȥɣҪ˵ģ޸˭һҲ֪껹᲻ౣء
˵곯ͷŰˣȻԽԽ죬СԶԶ

վԭص¥˹һѪɫʧűΧѩҪס

ŤͷǸ򣬿̵ݸƱԱƱǮȻȥûлͷһۡ
ſڣҪ˵Щʲôȴʲô˵




52.  ʮ         ̡

̡ļʡƫ, ȻʡУȴȫʡĵһзḻͭ, еҵȽϷҲ˵ոĻеºʡ֣һ̶ҵ

ȻӵĵطǱʡҵ, ӱʡϱߵʡı, ܾСʱ, , ɾûôˡ
Ҫַʽѡ, һǴسͳ, Ȼתͳʡ, תͳϼ, ͳг, ƱתתȥҪܻؼҡһͳȥȻȥʡ, ת𳵻ϼңҪһ㣬ҲǶ, ؼҲҪˡ

Ȼѡ𳵣û취, ͳʵ˳Բڵ·ãȫǿӿݵأسǳ, мᾭɽɽ·жеĵطɽ·һͳĿߣӳ⿴̾ñɽ̼ͷƤ飬·ϸѩҡҡλεģ˶оˣ˾ңһˡ

һ·оյվﻹûãһȥǻߣվҲûлվӣģҲ˲϶࿴Ⱥ˳վվһ飬ǲҪ˼ˣŰ첽ȥվƱ
һŵȥʡĻƱڻаСʱȥҵ˺ңȻʱ䣬Ͻ˸Ļ𳵿ûкôɾԾȰѸ
ò˵̵ľǺȷģʱȥ˻ͦģҪἷûλˣһҵԼλӾ͸ϽһƨȥҲΧôӳ֣ΪλҲûܣֱӱԼеİ

ֱŽǳԭΪΪϸԵʳŵ˲࣬ڲ֪ˣΧ˵ĴŴ磬ӦöǺһؼҵ֪࣬һЩźӵĸŮˣŹİǳſĸɲԼžװľˡ
ƱӵɢһŨĹζǰϴѧų֣ڲŷԼǰڸв֪
ȴ̲סпһ䣬ҷչ̫ˣûżʮǰȻӵġ

Ϊ̫ˣǹصģʲôζУԱߵһʼͽʪЬˣζֱˣֻýͷŤһߣȻͿһСڳԱ飬Ǳǹһƻ̵Ũ飬һһ

......

ܲ˵̧ͷԼԺҪǼСˣԲ
̫ˡ

ڻٶȻǺܿģȻȲ˺ʡʱҲһ࣬վҲ˲ϳԶʵĿϽȥƱ̨Ʊһʮġ
²ˣʱ仹磬̸Ͻ˲ʡĻվöˣмҹӪ̲꣬ͷˮˣθ붼ȥӪˡ

ӪˣҲżҪ棬ȻƴӵţȺģͲһ㡣
پҲһֱŲߣ滹Ҫ뿪ģ滹˵أŰ˻վĺҡ

˵ʵ⻹һôһ˳ţǰϴѧʱȻйһؼңÿζͬѧƱһ·̣ͷβһˣһȥһȫİĵطֱǲ¡
ͻȻԼԻͦǿģ뵽ΪûиĸǻòɳֲеЩᡣ

ЩᲢûгãʮϻ𳵣ʮִﵽվ̨ͺˣ»𳵵˲ֻ࣬ˣ̱Ҳոû뵽һͿԶվһӰų첽߹Ｄһ̡

ոǸǳˣ˵ʵڻȻԭйոĻ䣬̱ϾǱ˵ļ䣬ԺиģΣ峤ʲôȴǿģֱ˲žԭոȻôۣеŮūһ㶼

ְһ㶼һְ־˵ʱ򳤵Ҳм俪ʼǸֺӣ裬÷ǳòţÿγŹ֣
֪ոˣĸŮŽӦÿʮˣ˱ĺܺãţݰ׾۽Щϸƺ޽΢΢߰ףǿˡ

ԭΪԼ˻Щϰߣ֪˺۾һᣬǰ׽֮飬񿴵ԼװһɤӺһ֡
ûиңҲûһ˿İС

̬ܺã֮ǰѾ׼ȻǴ飬Ȼռ壬Ҳûа취ıʲôǾֵַֻܰȥԼΪġ̡úùӣԺŬТոĸ
绹磬ҲҪһЩеûģȷʵʵŵġ

ҲΪ⣬̺ܺýոףȻĵôһطźʧ䡣

ոﳵ̻ؼˣվЩ룬ŮصҵʱѾߵˣռڻе¥ո֮ǰǸ缸ֵһһĴӣǱǳɲסģһ߰ʮƽףʱϺլˡԱֵķӣֻһһ⣬ĳ¥Ǻõˡ
ոȻְһʱ䣬ⷿҲûջȥһȥͿǽϷŵʱӣﲼüܰ٣ɳа輸ϻŻƿ
ȷʵǳõˡ

ҲĸˣһǳŮԣ㣬ûոúÿʺܳڣֱӺۿ

ȳԷӦöˡ

ԶԶԣԷԷ
ĸ˲۾Ͻתȥ˲ˣոźóױƵĶ̵Ҵ㽯ŪƿƣһҺúúһ

ˣ̸Ͻˮ֡
ĸŲ˳˳˵ĺɫˮӦǸװ˿ˮȥ̡

ñף⻰˹Ȼĵһݽţ̫ˡ
һ㶼͸Լһ

ĸһϽոգŮҪݽţȱܺˣȥˮ

ˡ

̲˽ţϴ˰ˮűһƬɴ߳ԷݽţǰһҲЩ
ոĸ˵ʲôˡ
еˮ˺ոæЩ

ǸӣҲ²ס죬˵Լӷ£˵֮ǰ̸֪󣬺˲׾Ͱ˦ˣ˾󣬰ոĸòС

ǿĵ¾Ӷ࣬˵˹Сѧʦɣѧ쵼ϲҲˣӢ֪ܶ࣬ͬ־
ҲѧˣÿⶼǳǶʱЩʦôһñʼˣϹȥʱԼ͵͵ųԣ裬˵ȥ㶼ţر츳Ĳ˱ĶóԣҾ͸¶һ֡

ոĸԼҹŮòУŮôֱ˵Ĳˡ
ĸЦŴȤǻһУֿ־ġ

̻˵˺֪ܶ£һٷԵĺǾˣһ죬극ϴһ¾ͻطˡ

ķǰʰˣϺ±Ӻ´ɾ䲻󣬵ȴůĵݣеױ̨³
֪ǸʪӸûȡ

ò˵ڸů͵ıʱٴԥˡ

ڼҴʱ䲻Եڶһ磬ĸͽŴͷȥˣҲλĶӡ




53.  ʮ         ̽졭

̽촩һǳӵİ, ĸģڳûĹȥܴõڷ֯õ, ǽ²ĺӣ˱ëǱů涼򲻵, 
ʽʱ, ĸڷ֯ϰ, ﲻ֯, Ҳµĳ, ĸԵ, 鷳˵±ȽеĿʽ

ӳȵм, 洩˼Լܲ, ӳ, һ˫ɫĸ߰Ьһ, ںҲ顣
̱ͳúÿƤˮģ۾ִ, ͷϴһɫëñӣںڵĳɢ, ĵСְۡ

ëñӻĸѴӱĹģǸ̸ɷڱҪܶ࣬ůĶҲࡣ

ԭΪֻĸ, ܹĵطͶˣǱߣسҲֻһҹ磬˹绹аٻ̵ֹ꣬һҡ
ȥԭٻ̵꣬¥Ѿк̳Ĺģˣ治·ЬʲôģгԵĵꡣ

ĸվ̵ſڵĸϣŮ˿űĸһ㣬Ҳ᲻ȥԲԲģЦźܺĸ̺̡

̹ԹԺһ̺á

ԱվһӣӲߣŸѩࡣҲˣӺ񶼲ôߣһϵĶ㲻ˣкܶߣ¥˹ܳôߣӦǸһйء
սнҲոѵǸӣʮģ̴ֻ꣬һ㣬ոпĿξȫûκιϵӵ˶ϲ֡

̴һۣȻ͵͵ȽһòȲ¥˹׾ˣѩ඼ȲϣѩȻӲߣͦͿġ
Ҳ֪˲̫עò̫ãûа¶

ĸڸ̽ܣϴеЦݣ۾ȴɫţҲһοӣɷпĲеСӣҲһ㡣
ò˵ĸŮڿ˷棬еտء

ĸֵĺ飬̺硱

̻ûڣ̾Ц˵ʲô簡ֱӺˡ
ȻŤͷԼӣղỤ̊ôƯɣСʱء

ЦЦϾϰ࣬˽һԲòкạ̃ǽܸʶ㡣

ЦŰӴӴ⺢ӣֲϰ࣬ôʲô
˵̵֣ɫ˵ĲˣѾͷСʱҿ;úÿû뵽ˣ˵ӣۻˣԵģ̸Ǯ
һ˵һߡ

ŬЦţȴϲⰢ̵졣

ĸں˵Ż

Щͷˣ˵ԵĻ˲ٳԵģǱʲôģ˵ҪС

ĸҲǰռ˱˵ӣڻûһƲأԹŵʱŸոë£Ҳ˳һ
ռֲȽҲʲô˵ĺһҵֹһոĻе㣿ҪոڣԼĹϵŮسǣҲԸҳס

ѺͽףȫͬĹϵŮЦĿģŮ޹ȥ󣬿ɲһôദˣ佯ӻǸʱĸЩϵĵط˵ĺתʱ϶ҪЩϵģ˵׼Ҫճ
⺢ӳûôÿĸһ뵽ԼҹŮƯٿкЩþоһʻţϡ

Ҳ˾ˣЦᣬȻϸһЩ
۾ʱʱǰͣһĸһЩҳ⣬ƽʱææ쵼òദʶ﹤ΪĿԸ˵ϲʲôζĲˣĻ嵭ġ
Ʊ߽߱ǽǣȴĸ佫߰˰ˡ

һ磬ڰٻ̵˼Ҳ˹ݳԵģˣ뿪ˣڰٻ̵ſڷ֡
̻̹ȥǼ棬ĸЦЦ˵Ļ

ȥ·̺ĸһʱ䶼û˵ᣬо˲ܶԱȣһԱȾ׳£ǰû¥˹ףƽЩӴ¥˹ףٽӴѩ࣬оϧ֪඼ϣ֪òǲġ
ȥòͦҪģԺʱܿڶԷ̲סˣԥԥڣ裬Ҫٵȵȣ
ʵҲûôġ

ŵʱΪո˵Ĳո۾⡣

ĸĬһ£ûѻ˵һȥٸ
ô˵Ѿˣ⺢е棬Ҳһ㣬ŮҪǼ޹ȥĻ»Ҫŵɫ

ҲùŮһֱ£ǰʱ׼ˣҲûȫյĻԼҲйϵꡣ
ͱ̼ñӵλѣüûϵˣ껹ϵˣ˵иĶӡ
û˵ˣǺûȲϡ

ĸŮһ綼ûʲôʹˣǳϦصҺĸͽոϳȥʵѾ˲٣ѾȱʲôˣǲЩʵĲˣҲÿﶼˡ
ոѾˣ˺ü⣬һţ⣬ӦǳǽϻţˣţҲֻгûǮ

̵Ͼһţ⣬ĸոԭţԵĲ˺󣬲̲סŮĻˡ
¶ʱָɬŮˣ־ŮԿͷˡ

ڶϦһĸæˣȻˣΪŮڼңһ㶼ܣꡣ
ոûͳȥվʲˣվûˣڱԽԽá

һ˯ȻѣʱոѾɨѴɨˣĸڳæʱҲû̻ﶼǲζ
ôãˣ컹ģ̽Լ·ýģȻոɨȥȻ

ʱ򻹷һ£иŮԱˮˣʮģ˭Ҷæһܹ賵ҪϱȥҽԺ
ոǳĸͣԱ

ոȻ֪£Ҳõ֪˽⵽Ӽûˣĸסͽʣµ½̣Ҳȥæ

ĸû˵ʲôʱݷȥո͹ȥոһ˲ǲģʮӣҽԺ϶æոӦûԡ
߾ҽԺеԶҲûֻͽ߹ȥҽԺֵ໤ʿȻܿҵոǣոҽԺţǸ˲ڣո˼ǻؼöˡ

̸˶ͻȥˣոǵϻؼҳҹ
ոЦЦȥ·עⰲȫ

̵ͷ¥ʱѾСѩɡ첽ߡ

Ҳ֪˶ãۼԽԽڣﻹЩţںܿͿϤӡ

ӿŲխͨȻֹ˸䣬ǰռǶ¥ˣ˿ҪɡҲһ̧ͷĹ򣬿ǰ治ԶһϤӰ

˱Ҳ֪վ˶áͷϼһѩ΢ͷǶŻƵƹ¥

ƺĽŲԾԱȥó·ͬʱͷһۣ¶Źھ¿ӡ
Ҳһۣ̣΢΢£ȻסŲž




54.  ʮ         ֱӡ

ֱԭ, ۾ǰˣûзӦôû뵽￴¥˹ס
ô¥˹أ

ô, ſڣڲӦ֪

ɻصģò˵ͻȻ, Щϲ, ðһЩе뷨, ɵٴ, ¥˹Ҳʲôû¶, ڴʮܹ, Ҳʲô

ֻǻЩŶ, ΪûǸԡ
ֱղſ֮ǰ, ûԡ

ԥǰһ, Щ̫ȷСڣ㡭

ֻð˸û˵, ǰ˾ͻȻ󲽳õĲӺܿ죬¾͵ǰ, ûзӦǰһѽ˱˻, 
˶Ȼӽһ£ȷӦʱͼ˶, ûѣؿڵλãܸоϺ䣬·ģŵϱѩϢɾ

еɡûţֵɡȴ࣬˾ôɵվѩС
ѩС˺ܶ࣬µѩĭӣϵϷϸ΢ɳɳ

̸ܵͷ΢ĺ˶ٺ󣬱š
Ҳ֪ʲôܣϲжɬһ˿˿ѹ

֪ϲ¥˹׵ģڻϲϲ˾һ֮ǰ¥˹ײϲԼĽڸԼ֣ڣ֪¥˹ҲϲΪܹ˵ʵȻǿĵģֻǸ¥˹Ҳϲ
ⲻʵ磬һ飬¥˹׾е

⼸̲ɿƵ˺ܶ࣬ݵģйԼģ¥˹׵£ûǴĻ¥˹Ҳǽվˡ
ԭеģӡžͼһЩϸڣŮչܳһʱ䣬ڳϦദиж

վ㲻Ϲˣ쵼һݹĹ˰ڹίԱסһС䣬ҲΪ⣬Ů
Դ֪ԼȾ˼ŴԭͻȻĮƧǧ֮⣬֪ͬ־ҲŮһδůĬĬչˣΪŮƻ飬Ů޸һɱУŴʹһˣ˻顣

ûãȫſ߿߾ͳˣŮμӣ˴ѧŮһسѧ
ŮϵͳԵʣչ˵ĺܺãΪκȣòȥԺܶ䡣

ЩЩѹû취ΪԼϲ˽ѡԶվ

¥˹ײЩֻ֪ҪھǰסˣŻеʵУȻСɿͷˣīɫͫĹʣſѵĴСڵ̣ʱòãҪسǣҲȥ취
Щһ˿˿ײİ

֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬뵽سҲˣ뵽Ժ󶼿뵽˽飬û취ٴ֪ˡ
֮ǰԼûسǣʱϲԼ͸һûУϲˣҲҪسˣȴ֡

ƱʶӳҪ˽ţŵĵַϼңȴ˽Ը̼ҵĵַ̼֪ǰĸžͰǰʵϳ֪Լ嶯ˣȴûаֺڣ£ûԼһӡ
˺ܶسǣȥ׵սѣõһС

̧ͷò԰׵ף죬ҪܾĻȴô˵ڡ
¥˹׵ӣΪԼһĺܲס
۾̲ס˽һأҧŴñŤ˾䣬ôˣ

¥˹ЦˣЦݺǳֻ΢΢𴽣ϸĹâЩƸɬ㡣
ƺЩ˵⼸־ЩܲסĿƫͷȭŵš

ԭľ˼ʱûˣżˣеɡˣһǿôˣ
̧ק׾ȥĶͷһƬҲȻ϶Ƕˣʲôʱġ
˵ͣ˻ؼҡ

¥˹ֹҡҡͷȻСյģãסĵط
ЦЦҾǹңеԣʲô£Ȼȥɣе䡣

ܼһѾˣȥȴǲܵģðźá

̱Ųܶüƺ˵Щʲô¥˹ӵϵɡȻñϼϵѩɡŵС
԰׵϶һ˿󣬡Ȼȥ㡣
˵һۣɡ˳ȥһ£ߴϽȥ

վû۰ͰͿ㡭

¥˹¶εɫЦЦ֪Լվ̲ߵģ㳯˻֣㡣
˵Լתˣ߼ͻͷһۡ

̿ıӰ룬׷䣬ʵסĶ

¥˹ֻͷ£Ȼ˾䣬ίڶд
ֻ˻֣ȥɡ
ˣʧڹ䴦

̿û˵ӣĵתؼˣôƽˣ˵֮ǰøֽڱԼ¥˹ףڣˡ
ϲ¥˹ף¥˹ҲϲҺ񻹲ֹһ㣬ֻΪûϵͳԲһ
Ȼ˫ȱ϶˫Ҫ

̷Լû취¥˹ԺŮңӡ

̵ǣҪܾϲԼ¥˹ס
ʲô֪ΪˣΪ˻سǸ̰ĽٵŮˡ

Щ£룬֪е飬ôѡ񣿻᲻ꣿ
̷֣ȵĽ¥˹øˡ

̻صҵʱĸڳæţ̽ոҽԺæ˵һȻͻطˡ
꣬ҪɨʲôģҲҪϴһ̻ط˸ɾ·Ȼȥˮطϴ裬·ϴϴ˸ͷ

ҹкüСʱģɳҲסܵĸղ·ͬѧˣ˵仰Ƕǵң裬ȥ棬ǰͻ

ĸҲûﲻԾȥͬѧ棬˵ĵ·СЩָЬӣǸˮ


̴ӦˣװĸҹˣһŪһ㣬治ɫиͬѧãҲԲ⣬Ҵ˸

ĸһҲûʲô̶һ㣬²ˣһ񲼰ţȻһװãǵ

á
̳ʱһЩǹ

һţͿ첽ȥԶ·ȥ˹Ӫ꣬Ӫûţſرãв˹ˡ
ûˣֱҪ˼ͷߣҪȵģֱӸǮͱԱøˡ

̵¥˹׵дʱͷð

¥˹׸ϴ裬ŵʱͷʪģӺģϣſ̣˲

Щ˼֮һʱ䣬زǰܵĳ̶ȣ¥˹ףֱֽݣº͵ôˣ




55.  ʮ         ¥˹׵ġ

¥˹׵Ĵֺů, ƺЩ䣬Ĵ˴ꡣ

̺ߵĳ˳һ, ƹݡ
дķǺܶһס֣еѧᣬһѧܶ࣬߸ŷŴ, ͷӺ, ǹԵ, ûʲô, ֻ¥˹һס, סŴ, ֻŴж

ŶǴ, Ϸˮƿͱֽŵ, ǱӲ, ӦģҲ֪¥˹ôԵȥ

۲ѣ, ֱŶȥǰԼĶ£к˹, ȳˣȵġ
Ӳó˺͸ͷ, ͷðҲȵģĸ˲ˣò˶Ƿ, ʱ̾ú񲼰Żȥ˾ްţ˻Ǻȵġ

¥˹׿һۣԹ߹ȥ˿ӳԣͷſӼвˣݸһͷҲҲһУͷܺóԣнڻһ˿˿ζÿûбȾ̸ɸɾԵʡ

滰ͱô˵Ȼײܴ󣬻ָףиרĵ緹ңʲô׷յһ㣬ĳĳģ˵ʵЩ׷óǺóԣȴû׷㡣
֮ǰӳԵһף˵ǹŴʹĹף˳ʲôСסǺֻСףǴ׵ĴףֻǱͨСһ㣬׷ģȺЩƴײ֪óԶ١ǾЩƴ٣ϾǾڿഫģֻǺ̼̫ˣȾõ̫࣬ٺóԵĴҲˡ

ʱڰοԼȻôҲûкôÿԵĶǴȻʳ

ĸĲȻǺóԵģͺΣ⣬֪ˮûñȣ¥˹ƺˣ¿ӵĶܿ죬ѿ
Լţи̣רŽгͷϣܾ̾˺üΣԼԣҼС

¥˹ûУ̶㲻ɴȥˣ۾ӣ̫ˣЩ춼ѩ̫䣬ϷߵĶиص㣬Ǿʪ䣬䵽䡣

ЩĵĿ¥˹ף֪ȻҲ䣬ȴǺܶ˼һ䣬ֻҪŹصĽģ˯ܴպϵġҶѧˣʵ̫ĻǾһ̼ʪů䡣
Ͳˣⷿ˯һоҪ

¥˹ƺ֪ʲôοû£ģﻹбӣҶǼ
˵⼸̲סͷ

ûһۣǿš

¥˹ƺЩ˼΢΢ƫͷȥԱߵıӺ˼ˮ˲Ž͵ӦʱȾģܺãƽʱϹôҲûõģ˯һͺˡ
˵⻰ʱǿ̵ģҲ֪ǲЩðԵʣ̷ںڵӽȾһˮ⡣ĶҲܺ죬ЩˣƤף΢еɫͺԡ

̱ͷһᣬ˵ڵĻ˵ˣԭţ극Ͱѻ˵ȻȰͻȥûҪԼ޸Ҳһ
ǿЩ᲻ãûôϲһˡ

̵ͷҲ֪뵽ʲôͻȻʹСһ䣬¥˹ףѡ񣬸һͻɲмԶվһ𣬻Ȭһ졭
еͷЩҭˣЩ˵ȥˣʵû壬ûбҪΪ

ˡ
̶סĬ˺һת̧ЦЦ۾˼ֿɬ¥˹ףҿܡ

ſӵ΢΢£·ԤϵʲôӣȻʲô֪һּвˣֻ˵ǰͻȻһ䣬ô棿

һͲ֪ô˵ڵĻ֪ô˵ˣſڣѹĹֻ֮ȽȥҽԺ¸˵һ顣

˵׼˵ղŵ£ͼ¥˹ײ֪ʲôʱ̧ͷ۴ѩ˵һ䣬ʮãұҲǳϦġ
ƮƮġ

̺˵£էһЩ֡

¥˹û˵ĻᣬƺͻȻ̸ˣϼǹ֪ģҸ˵ҴСŹùáøǶҲãҲ̫ֻﲻҵļңһֱòġ
ûмңǰеģԴСʱȥûˣҸСĶӣҲүүϲĺӣСʱƫĶԴҼҼﶼףҸȥֵǮĶǰˣǿҸ׵սѽķӱסˣҲӴ˺

СʱڹùüңԲֻҼһӣýõϲ꣬ΪһǾ·ܳԵ⣬кȴϲҲǲϲǰϲģͲϲˣÿùüܶˣ˶ûطסҾֻ˯ڹϣз磬䣬ѧУĴ䡣һʼ룬ҪûͺˣҪûҾͻмңͲסڱ˼˱ˣȴңеͲˣΪô붼ûá

˵Щʱƽƽ˵˵Ĺ¡

̲˵ˣֻԱ߰ЩĹȥ
֪ΪʲôҪԼ˵Щò˵ѹ֪ΰοΪЩѾܹˣ˵ٶ඼ûá
ֻЩСʱԹ̫Ŀ࣬û취һСӴ˯ڹʲôܣ
ԲֻҼһӣǼµı΢뵨ӡ

̴ûоģȴ¥˹ʵġ

۾͵͵ˡ

¥˹˵껰ʱҲˣﻹ˵ߵĻ۾ˣɤҲˣһһģͣ

¥˹׸һˮԼȥϴɾʱ׼ˣˣӦĸǰؼҡ

¥˹׽͵ſڣ෢׵۾ɳɤӵ㣬ҸóԵġ

¥˹һ

Ŀһۣתš

߳һ¥˹ͻȻһ̡

ʶһҪͷ͸оԼͻȻ˴ӺץסûӦ˾͵رһɴקݣײһϤĻС
ߡ顱һͻȻϣȻ̾ͱ˵ź󣬡ɡ

һ仰û˵꣬ϾͶƬĶǳĺϡ




56.  ʮ         Ĵ

Ĵ, ۾ŽߵĿӣƯķ΢, Ľë£һߣǡס˺ӣ˿˼

ƺϵɫ̫, ¥˹ͻȻ̧һס̵ɴ˫ۡ
ǰһƬ, ĸйٱ, ѹֵĺ, ֱ紽ϴ˺סʪ, ˱Ǽⴥı

˵ĶҪѸ, ûзӦǰ, ˱סĴ, Ȼ, һﶪĶ̽ĿУͷš

ȻʲôûԺѾԼǸʲô, ڵһºˡ
ȻԺżеǳ棬ҲС˵еĽ, ĲǺܴģڿ˽ʱ, ѾʲôرĸˣһС˵ýָϷݣ̾ͻд̫ˮˣĭӶ㡣
, ΪܡǰڷԼЩˣΪԼͷƤ飬һֱӵβ󱳸һ㼦Ƥֽżû֪

ڹ֮˷ֿӻôѡ
롣мǣһϸϸ˿˿ԽԽϸϿظԴ꣬˼ȴûϣŨ

˫һվվˣ¥˹׷΢΢һסˡ
ֻ첲Ҳ֪ʲôʱ˶¥˹ײϣ§ţ˽ӵһмûһ˿϶

¥˹΢ͷĶͷ̵Ķͷٴƺƽ顣
̧һ̷̵ֻСЩɳƵͳȥɡ

Ҳ֪ʲôʲôû룬ʶ̧ͷˣС׵ĺ˵ģһ˫ƯĴ۾Ⱦʪˮ滹ЩԺƺûȫѹԵĻɫĴཱུģЩˡ
⻰۾룬ͻȻǷʲôϽػϵ֣ҲͼˣţҲ˲ȥϴžɫ㡭㡭
Ҳû˵һĻ

̱¥˹׵䵭Ȼ·ǰһвʲô£ŻǺƽʱЩһˣ۽Ǵ΢΢죬͸ˮ⡣
һۣȻӣյƵϣĦ£˵һ˵ؼҡ

˱վһȲô˺¥˹ǣ̵֣š

̾ôǣߣһţ벻ԼģоʲôûҲʲôû˵
춼Ѿˣһ·޻̳Լ¥˹Ҳ֪ʲô

ȵ˼¥¥ʱ̻·̫ˣо·͵ˡ
¥˹ͣ£վǰΪ££·ϸĵñӣȻɡᶨȥɣʲôˣһҡ

㶵תԼߣߵ¥ʱƺӦʲôŤͷһۣ˻վѩУ濴Լͷ˰ȥ¶һ˿ǳЦ

̷·˾ӣϽŤͷȥȻ󼱴Ҵ¥ܣ·ʲô׷

صңոûĸѾˣ̻˿ˣˣȳԣ֪ʲôʱܻأ극Ҹ͹ȥ

̹ԹԵͷꡣ

˳ҹҲùµ˵͸ĸ·Ȥ£Ȼ󣬵鵹ǲ٣͵Щ˵Ҳͦ˼ġ
ĸҲ˵˵﷢£һٷû˵٣ӵǳԳˡ

극ĸ̻طϢԼʰһЩװϣҪȥҽԺո͹ȥ֮ǰ̵ԼڼҺúõģ˯ҰϣӦø

á
ϴ˸ˮ˸ţȻֱӻطˣʲôֶûУɴڴ˯

ʱ磬Ҳ˯ţֻڴ۾ݶղŸĸ˵֣ͻȻЩϰߣϹ緢£ܿƵԺС
¥˹Ĵ¥˹ȵĺ¥˹˱ͷ˺˺ܾá

ζݲǾúã˿˿ģһ֪ԭϲ˽ָоһ
ԽԽ̣ȵһƬĻø˵ʲôܾĻԼѾˣʱܹ侲ԴΪǣʲôȥˡ

̽ڴϷоԼڱи룬һԵԼһϲ¥˹׵Լ֪ôѡźá
ʵ벻Ȼ޺ִ˼´˾䣬ɫң

Ҳ֪Լʲôʱ˯ŵģڶʱ컹ûƺѵеˣڴһް˷š

ĸոѾˣûԼȥ˳һҶȵġ
͵͵طȻװģȥʼ緹һ緹һϴ緹ҲҪʲôĸһֻһ㣬ü棬¶һ㣬˼ӡ

ҲҪʲôգֱˮͽӷŽȥͺˡ
º棬ȹװһûط䣬õ´ɸףϸӣȻ°÷Žֹˡ

Щ̲Żس棬ոĸŴ̸ϽطòȻӺһ裬ҳȥһˣѾºˣǼǵԡ
˵ˣҲûոĸ˵ʲô

һ¥¥Щ飬Ͻӿ첽дȥ
ǴһҪȥģԭүү̶ˣոֵܽùϵֲãһڼġ

̵дʱ޶ЩԼĲ˯¥˹ͷǷģ
űĵ죬¥˹ƺûʱͷЩң·Ҳûôá

ҲΣһѽƿԼţֱӹȥϣƵԡ

¥˹ƺ£۾ĶϵĲƺʲôͻȻһ˿Ц⡣
ߵߣǣסģЩɳƵȥϴȱߡ

ԭһӵ𣬱ôһǣ˲û߰˰ˣͻȻûŻŵģôо¥˹̬ȣѾĬһˡ
ʲôʱ£

ûôѡء

ſڣҪȰ̬ȣ֪Ѿת뿪ˡ
Ҳż뿪µȡ¥˹׺ܿͻˣ˵ʲô¥˹׾ȿ˵ԼҪԷ극лҪ˵

᲻Ҫˣλϰĵȣ֪ò׵棬ֽ´ɸϴɾˣȴﱧţһһĺ󱳣˵Ż˵Сʱ¡

⣬ֿˣſ˾Ī׵һȥѹʱͷԼ¥˹ڴϣԼ˯ˡ



̷֣ﲻ̫Ծ




57.  ʮ         ΢̧

΢̧ͷ, ֱӶ˽ߵӣƤ𪣬ͦ, ĺ촽ͷо΢һϡ
۾ţǰ鷢һЩ˷·һĻ

̹Թ, Ҳ֪˶, ЩӲ, ҲҶ, ½˾, ûҪҪô, оڵĹϵ, ʲô
Ҫǻǰ֪, ̿϶˻, ¥˹׵̬Ϲ֪ʲô˼ڣðɣһ˵, Ǿᡣ

Ҳ֪ǲ̵Ŀ̫ˣ˺ȻüȻ, Ҫѹ붼ͱ۾

¥˹ȷʵ, ۾ﻹûȫָѣе˯ŵŮʶͷôĶͷ, Щɣ̵ƤоЩ̣Щ

̵һûҪӣʵǵȲˣֱ۾һƿԼ·
·ûȫѹ⣬ֻ׺Ϳӣʲôû˵

¥˹Ҳû˵ӴĬӰ̴ЬʱͻȻ˵һ䣬Ͼߡ

һ٣˵ʲôģ⻰Ťͷ˵ʲôҲȥġ
˵ܵǰһùҪߡ

¥˹׿ߵſڵӰһƿ˴·û٣ƺЩżˣЬҲû׷ϽקųУ̵̾˿Ȼ͵˵һԲ𡣡
Ĭһ£ֵ֪ԣû취̣ҲẦ¡

Ĳȥ޸ˣĸûаͬ⣬ԲŻסʵʲôˣҲ˽ģģô̵˵ҪͲҪ
ģﶼѾ̬Į׼¶Ҳ͵͵ӼóԵĸˡ
ҲھᣬҲԥԼõδԼ˽һӡ

ǣ´ôõһԼôˣҲôϲˡ

ڲҪ˵ܾĻʱ붼ʹϣӵĸ˵ԼСʱľͼͬסˣȷʵˣ۵ĿˣҲԹԱǡ

ʵԼСʱж࣬ЩӦܵãΪùùøĸĸҪˣûҪָ˶ãҲֻСɵӻϲ
ѡ彡Ǹһ˫ȲмʵûҪʣûʲôҪˣܸһ𣬼ʹ˫ȲмҲԸ⡣ĵǸأǸۣ˽һ
ҲΪнţŵҹѰŸվǰסˡ

̱ڻУƵĲ˵ƿˣڡ
˵Լˣʲôû͡

¥˹վԭأܳȥıӰһʱû˼

ʲô˼Ȼ¥˹ҪһǾһ£Լģʱ˫ȲվˣʱҲҪͬͬ⣬ֲǾһ˫Ȳмô˶úúõģôͲˣ

һģҲеľˡ˵⼸˺ܶ࣬е¥˹ΪҲһúܿģһʼͲϲŮӦȢŮҲǸжӱŮô壬ΪЩ˲鷳ǡ¥˹סˣŮ飬ϸеҲͦġҪԺԼϹܶŮ˸Χ˶֪鷳ҪҪԭرը

ôţ˺ܶ࣬Ǻôû뵽¥˹һ￴ģһ̬֮ȴڵĳϣˣת

̻صʱոĸڿӣڼҲ˶೤ʱˣ컹ҪŰ꣬ųýпնӸߵʱϡ
̻ȥˣĸʣ𣿹Žӣղ˲ҶϽ

ûԣ⻰ֱȥ˳뵽д¥˹ףҲ֪ʲôһֲˬˣã˭ġ
̶һȥϳԣոԱߦƤĸѾĲˡ

ոŮ̲ס뵽ǸӣȻӵ۲ߣЩģ̶ԽĿ

Щ飬뵽¥˹׵˻죬˯һŴϣʱ˵ǳˣ˵ȥᱻ˾ٱåԼûãϾǴԽģ̸¥˹׿ʱˣ̻ɧ͵ģǰǸװ
Ȼô²ۣϻǵ֣˰ɣĶͦõģҾʺϡ
ܾĺίǸոӡ

ո˵ЩʲôĸˣŮôÿ޸˭÷Ҫ޸ǺӣϽϵ£Ůˮ

ո˲ﲻˣ

ĸû˵˵ˣ಻У²˵ĺɵȴʱʲôʱĻ˵׼ǵĹϵøתǸҵͶˣ㻹ܸŮżꣿԺְλ㿴᲻ԹŮã

ոü˵ôأô˵ŮԺ󻹲ˣ

ĸֱǿӲܾҲҪǺӣϽ˲ϱҿŲ˳ۣҪǸõģҲڵڶû󡣹Ůͱˣٸˣһû˵ףҪǳˣԺùŮ

⻰ɴ۾͵̧ͷԵҲҪ
ʲôģŲҪడǰͬѧǾɩȫλ̲ģ۵Ҫ
ôһû¥˹׺ã¥˹ױȽ˧б£ˣɻڣʲô¶òĵġ

ĸһۣû˵ķݡ
ôõ±ŲԾܾ

ոԥȿ˵

ĸҲûһҧͷǵ̵ͣʱȥˡ

̾죬Щˡ

¥˹һҪˣȻﻹЩҲĲ绹ǳˣڳһӣһӣӺܺóԣһм⡢źۣĭӣźģͳһţκͽЩһը죬ӵʱһЩƬóԡ

̻ϲֱӳԣĸǰһЩ࣬ĸϲըһЩըʱﶼζ̲סһһԡ
װһߣ¥˹Ȼûţȴû٣˶սѼĹģм治ɫ˵ͬѧݸġ

ڼ̸ͬѧӣĸҲСһ㣬ըĶࡣ

Ŷȥд¥˹׿ţüﶼᡣ

Щ绹ģе㶪ݣҪ˵ݻͱ¥˹ǣס֡
ȥǰãһˮȻԾԱߣùĶԡ

̼ôӣҪ䣬ŹֺÿֻйһԺˮ

̴Ľӻȵģ¥˹ûʲôֻǽ̴ĲҶˣԵʱȻˮݹġ
ڳԵһȵģθ˺ܶࡣ

ûдã¥˹׳ҪȥˣѾˣҪڣٲȥĸҪġ
¥˹ҲǿñΧףϸᣬͷĶͷ۾õͳ첻ùңһߣȥȥسǽ㡣

̾Լͷ۾ģһЩ˼ЩֻͷӦˡ
¥˹͵ſʱЩᣬֻ׶ͷ۾֮ǰġ
ôţ̧ȥȻ˶촽

¥˹û˼ΪҪ˵۾濴ڡ

̿첻һֲ˼ֱ˵һξе㱿յװͰƿ˭ϡˣ軹Ҫȥʶһ̵ĶӣԼذɡ
˵ˡ

¥˹һ˺վԭء




58.  ʮ         ڶ¥

ڶ¥˹ߵʱ, ȷʵûͣѵͦģѾγ, ӦӣڴϿŴںںڵһƬ¥˹ӦѾվˡ

ڼҲ˶೤ʱ䣬ҲҪ, ﵹûж᲻á෴, ǴԽʱ֪, ռҸϤ, Źܻȥﻹ˿
ҲԼѡ, ֮ǰԼôԭ, Լ¥˹׸԰òõĽ, ͻȻ嶯һ, , Ҫš
ԺòãԼҲܼǿȥԡ

ôţͻȻе¥˹, ȥͺúÿ飬ȡͬһѧ

磬ոĸȥż, үү̲ˣոֵܹϵ, Ѿˡ
ոǸӲƢʱ۸ˣԭǸ뼸йأȻС֮۸˵, ǿһүүǰո£ոͬ⣬ո˻еĸԸҲռһ¡

ǸǱߵ׽˺üŮĸ޵õģ֪ôȥˣĸá

ͺܴˣѾʮˣôܻʮǺ£̾ûŮԵʣŮðǸĸĵСްĸȥʱ˺ü
ԺҪǽˣҲŮ

һżҾͳ˹עص㣬ϾԶǺеģȻԭĸߵĺܣƢãȷʵƯôʱ棬ɲϡ

ŮȻ̼࣬ĿɶǶӣĸһҲԭǸʮֿɰƯĶӣϧСʱ̼ұøιҩ
ԭ벻£ǳϦϣĸ϶һ뷹ԭԶеǸ硣

̼ĶӶˣСǸһȥͱ§ڻȵĺСԹԣ͵͵˸̵ûϲĹŲ𿪿˿ȻһٿǮ
оСֶӵĺûĶ࣬Ҳ֪̫̫ôǮ

˺̫̫һֻɫӣҲɫòãǾرÿġĸ˵̫̫ʱǴ˼ҵС㣬Ⱦ϶ϰѼǮȫˣҲҺˣһӳ⵰Ȼڿûʲôӹ
ձ󣬼öеģ̫̫Ӧòˣھ񶼲ô㣬Ѿʼ֣ոĸҲֵ˼ŶΪ໨ƿӡ룬мԪҲ֪̫̫ǰġ

̻ʱĸֵǼŶ͵͵øص˵Ժ󶼸š
һƬԺԼ¥˹ӹȥ˾ȥ˵ĳʮ׷ڵϱ

żһ죬̷ˣСʮܽܳССԺﳳֵģŨ
̲סִĳСʱҲʲôģݼԶٷζˣСǹŰȥΣ̼ҲŹżٳ棬ҹҲڼˣֱȥ궩һ

߹꣬̾ȻʲǺܷḻȴǺ㣬ǾòãҼһС϶Ҹ˵Цݣһ⣬һ˫Ьӣǹĵꡣ

ǳŻȥģΪеסԶԵıȽ磬ĵͳˣ극ͻ
վſ˵ŻźģվаСʱһ䡰ˡ֪˵˼飬վĸԱߣͱ˻ϵ·ıˣڴ˺

ͷװһߵӣװģƳټ£Ƴ٣ͲЩݶһ㡣

С͵ȲҪˣקŴ˵·Ҫϣ޲ؼҡ

ȥ·ϣոŲٶЩģŻ˷֣ĸոǰ棬ֲڿڴں档
ոڼ¥ºǷֿҪȥǸʮ޵ԱŮԱЩ˵һҹѲҽԺҽ߳ҽڣʿҲûĸƽҽԺסһ죬

ĸϵĶһոҽûķˣûӣǳ˵ʱ򳴶ʢһżҴȥԣ͵ӪƷĸû࣬ո֮ǰĽѵڣۺ죬ǼҲɾȻҲ뽫ЩõŸŮԡ
ĸţǲһǰѲһȣ˵ǳʣģҪ˵ǴģЩû˶ӡ

ոЦŽӹˣİɣûôɵ

ĸûһۣҲûȥ
ˣ̲ס̱ԹҲǵģʲô¶Լмĺã

֪ĸô˵˵οôûĺˣȻҰֻôֵ˸ккñ

ĸƲƲ죬֡

ڶ죬ĸеˡ
ٰ̱ĸСܸ꣬ɷԵʣӹЩ࣬˿žȻĸҪ۽ǶϸƣͷЩ׷ֹؽڴִ󣬱ĲǺܺãɫƤĸܱȡ

ӣӡŮѾˣһҽһڱ繤ֻСĶӸһڲӵ

ĸ˵⺫ٰʱòǺܺãҲһӣǳʲô⣬ڱ߹̫ˣĺûȥ

Լú̴ٰСӹֻ֪кٰһˣϴΣ͵ӵæߵģľæӰҺǰЩҪƬţǸСӣñȽϸߣеڡ
˵ŽڴеƬóĸĸҲֱõϸĿݸ̡

̱Ҫģ״òӹͷһüһ⻹еڣ
ƴƬһ˵İװգȽͨλ̲̫Ӧ壬ʮ־һƤҲ֪ôɹģڵеú̿
̰һ䣬ơ

Цˣ۽ϸƶĸֺ۾ɣãһȰ޸գԿ࣬ǿʱںڣŵҪû޸ϳ̣ٳԶٿࣿܵӱܵӦһطҪˣҪϳ̶Һãû˵ҿܲˡ

ĸ⻰ɫЦЦ̧ĨĨ۾˭˵ģڶб°ҲгϢӻںء

˲ͣ˵ŻവȻʱʱᵽԼӣ˵ԼЩ

λһֱ극ߣոҲˣոϰ࣬ԭĸҲҪϰģΪӭλ˼١
ֳ˶ٷˡ

ʱ͵¥£뿪ԶȥıӰĸϵɫˡ

̲סվԱ߲һ죬裬λǲûң

ȻλһͿÿֵĺϲĸ꣬ʱʱ˵һӼ࣬ӹ˲ϼҡźûʲôϵС以࿴ģзûˣ˵ֻôŮùġ

ðɣ̸ûҪ޸λ̵ĶӣͲˡ
˵Լϲˣ˭Ȳ¥˹ףûУҲȺܶŮѶˣзҲз£ҪˣȻҪ޸һӹ̹ˣзҪһ쵽ˣԺʲô£ĸ˭ȥ
붼ÿ¡

ĸЩÿ̶ˣ˵Լˣҧҧһأʲôë𼱣㻹СһҸõģӲ

ովԱߣİοţҲû˵ȷʵ࣬Ů²ҶۻˣܳԵЩࣿ㿴ٵӣС꣬Ǳʮ꣬˰ɣҾòǺӾͦõģϽҴڷء
Ȼû˵ǣӱǰùˣɷǸģ϶УٿҲ಻ȥԾǿŮ

ĸɫһڣЩȻҲ뵽ֻǻЩģո붼룬ҹŮôܸɣķôóԣһܼ޸õģƾɶҪ޸Ǻӣ

ոˣﲻˣ

ĸø˵תߣһ䣬ó󡣡?
......

̱ıɡ

ĸȥٻ̳̾ҪˣЩš
̺Ǹˣ״װһпë£Ȼ˵Ҫ͸ӵĶӳӳչСѧʦĹµظɻܿࡣ

ĸҲûлʲô̶ˣԥǮһʵĺɫë£ŰӳֺúˣԺչԼŮ
һЩԵĺȵģϻصңոŪһֱֱǳģҪһٶǮɫģССˮͰΣϺǾš

̾ãƽʱ֪ʱӹϡͿģˡ

ڶһ磬ոųȥվĸҲһĸҲһгϰ˶
ƱոǰѾˣĻ𳵣СʱﳵվոĸҲûߣ̵ȣȻ˸ʱ̱˱ĸĸʱ̻۵С˵裬ŸҶˣʵѾжˣ¥˹ףҲ֪࣬رãó޵кÿˣúչԼ
˵תˡ

ոѾ̵Ķ˻𳵳ĸ濴г⻰һʱԭأȷӦʱͼѾˡ
ովԱߣŻ뿪Ļ𳵣һѹᣬת̾˿߰ɣʲôŮ׾ͻˡ

ĸĬһ£㱵Ů˵̸˸󣬽¥˹ס

ո

ӣ
Ļʲô˸ѹھ뽫ץһ١

ʱһмҪתһ˻𳵣ֻЩĶΪ࣬ոĸһƤһСôԲ
мתʱ򣬲ûѹˡ

һ·к˰æΨһõľƱеȵѾĵˣֵ˰Сʱϻسǵĳ
̶ţҪû¥˹ףسдסһ

Ͻߵ㵽سǣѾȫˣسվ΢ƹ⣬·档
³ģƱԱİƤ³ġ
ôȥд֪һ³Ϳ¥˹վڳſڼ·ĵطƺ˿æһ̡
Ȼų

̷·𿴵˾ˣ¥˹ףҼֲסˡ
Ҳ֪ոĸ˶ٶоԼ֧첲ˡ

¥˹״ҲŵˣŵƤһʱ˵Ƥĸװƥģܴһ̼ˣҲ˵Ÿһ㶫
¥˹ٿ󱳱ŵĴЩЦã°ɣŪ

̺ԥĽеİˣվԱߴ
¥˹׽ƤڳţǰĴϣ̫ˣֻųȥ·̫ˣ뿪վȫֻܿϵ¹·

¥˹ųһǰһţںƤ·ƽȣʱʱһ£Ƥһ˶Ťͷ̺üۡ

װû뿪سϻӵ·ʱ¥˹ͣһ£ȻԱ߷ǰֵͲҲ˽磬ԭΪڻûΪûãλؼڰٻ̵꿴ˣһϽˡ
ղųվˣ̲óã¥˹׺ˣôණо̫ȫû˲á

̫ˣӲƽ׷¥˹ֶֻ÷ųͷ̸ղҲû룬ûߵһȥ¥˹׻
ͷôվеˣŵϺŵζ¥˹׿̲סһ䣬˰ѵĶˣ
Ȼ˵⻰ƽȣ֪ΪΣ̾Ǵ˼ζ

һ㶣ȻüеİϵãóֵͲֱӽ¥˹׵
ֵͲⲻǺܴϵûжôۣһӶϹЩӦ¥˹ʶƫͷֽܿŤ洹̡

Ӽ룬ЦһһڣҾ͸㡣

¥˹׶һˣ˼֪ûҪ˼Լϡ
յ˼˲ɢȥ︡Ц⣬ؾصС¾ǰȥѰ˱ڻס

Ϊ£òãԼ嶯åˣҪǲܺԼһôԲҲԲδɷ
ڣСʡ¥˹ֻԥһ˲ͷԥıӡǰĴϡ
һ뿪

ںڵӿ·˿

ĿĵóѣЦһֻ͵ȵèȻż⣬һڣ࣡һ
첲˳ȥЦ˵¡

ߵȥŲ죬˵պöˡ

ֵͲǰ·˼¥˹ֻһĺްްϴľܱоůͣ£δӺƤͳǼɫ
ｫԼƭĸ¸˵һ飬ߴٵϽϣ֪㻹кóһ·أ߲

¥˹׿ӣЦЦ´αˣ·
ȴûܾĺ⣬ӹе
ǰ֮ûȷϵԷֵĺԸռֱˣڲһˣԼĶ¥˹׻Ըĺá
ҲϲԼ

̲Ųܣǰһסھͻϣһֱ֣׳ˣҪǲҪҾ͸̶ӳȥ´Σ´ξȥˡ
˵ﲻ֪뵽ʲôЦ¥˹·ʱͻȻչȥ˵һЩ

¥˹·Ķһ٣һ˲ľ㵣ܿ⾪㵾͹ƽŤͷƳһۣ·ѵףȻù첲ϵϣٴް

̻ڵſ޴뾪ŵӣ֪¥˹ȵúܣ½ӹλƳǰô̬ȣ̲ˣûһ£ʲô˼㲻ǲǣ

ǰ¥˹ﺬЦյЦ

̲ɣַųƤŬǰȥ˵㵽װң
ƺҪʸװס

¥˹ôʻ䲻ȣǰ棬ǹⶺƵģŲԽԽ죬ǲ˵

ںıץвˣ¥˹ףҪǲ˵ˡ

¥˹ƺһ㶼вЦ̧ͷϵǿա
˵ģڲ˵һˣһݵһݵǳݵǷҪԿˣףǸŮСǻţһǸŮ˾Ѫ˱ˡ
ԶһøϲԼһС




59.  ʮ         ˵

˵֪ʱѾϾŵ, 첻ڣͻȻصﻹЩİУǱѾ˯, ·
Ͼ»̫ˣǼΧ˵˼仰͸Ͻط˯

֪̽ĻͰһЩú̻̿ʱͰﻹȺ, һ, ůůźȥ˳

¥˹Ѿˮ, ԼӼĽ, ӳ, ĸ˰, ڵ, ⲻ, ոѹ, ˺ܲûˮȥɧζĸϾƫԼҹŮ, ڵĽӸڵķֿţԼԣָˡ

ĸ˵̶֪, ¥˹ײǱ, ԺԥڵĽȥ˳϶ûԶˮ·ˣ׼Եǹʲô, һĳڵ·ûкĺãһһθڶûУһȺˮ

¥˹ʵҲûԣȥسǳվˣҲ֪ʲôʱƱҪʱɸϣʱҪȺܾáʹһֱȵڣǽ˵ȵˡ
̽ùʱﶼѾˮ״㽫ˮҨֻһС룬ˮ๾࿪˺ͽĽӷŽ˶ʮ

ǰ񿾻𣬳ֻһŰ壬Ҷ˯ˣҲ˵
Ӻܷ㣬ʲô÷ţȽӴӹƯͱʾˣ¥˹ʢ룬ϴ˹ڹˮԵµ̵Ӻˣԡ

ֻһյú͵ƣú͵ƵǳûĻڹһѲҲ뿪ֱǰԽӣ¥˹װСԱߡ

һķĸǸ׹ŮĽӣȻۺ⣬ÿӶܴ̳˰˸ͶˣֳʵڳŲȥˣʣµļи¥˹ףԣȥ衣
˵̨һţҲ׼ϴˣ¥˹ס

ط裬ԭΪЩ첻ڣԼʲôģ׼õϴһϴ֪˳Źһ趼Ǹɾġ

¥˹׿һɻͣҸϴˣ࣬һ¾ͺˡ

һжůůģСôôѽ
۾Ŀһۣû벻ⷽ档

¥˹ױһȣͷ˵ˣĽӡ
û˵ǣǰãϵıֱʲôϴһ飬ޱҲóȥɹˣǵ˯ò

ˮһ飬ˢϴȻҨˮݽţݽžڳݵģط䲻󷽱㣬ĳˡ

ݽŵˮ¥˹ûȥԼϴ裬׼Լӵˮãһ㲻ˣһݽš

¥˹׿һۣû˵תĴӹҨưˮӽȥһݡ

̵ϴ費һ˫Ŵ´࣬ٷһ˫ţЩǺˡ
¥˹棬ĽݳģƤ𪣬һŽĵ˫Сġ

̵ĽѾˣƤϷŷۺ죬ʮֺͷԲɰˮЩܲסŴϣ¥˹׵ĽҲܲס¶ȣĽŸⴥһߴϽŽȥ

¥˹׽žСȶǣʲôôĪ棬ֹһŮװӦҲǼΪÿģڸһŽţСϺʹĴָϵëͻȻǺԵģЩԸС

̧̺ţýżȥϵëԭԣ֪ļסˣһ棬¥˹ףëó
˵ëǸǿҲ֪ǲģ̲סһ䣬ë𣿡

ڶ¥˹ԣޱĿһۣ˵Ҳ֪ǲĻش⣬ĬĬԽĽŷŽ
ƤԵʣҲ̣˼ˮͽȫŽˣƤܿͱˡ

̸ɴͽŲűϣӦˮ£û˼Ҳλá
Ŷȥˡ

¥˹׵Ҳ۸ԼĻ̌ױԵм䣬Ȼֱ壬ִӹҨưˮŽСţ̧һ㣬ټһˮ

Цűϡ

ݵòʱ¥˹̴˴ţȻŸɾëֻϸĲˮϸᡣ
ҲſͷеСţת𻡶ȣЦ˵һ䣬ͷ

̱Щߣ⻰һʱǴ˵ģ漴ýͷбͳһڡ
һۣеĽų

󻹲þĳӵϣֱˡ

¥˹׿ıӰӣҲ֪ôͰﻰ˵ˡ
ԼǼʱͻȻղĽš


̻طֱ˯ˣҲûʰˣ׼Ū

˯һڶʱ֪Ѿûˣóͷµֱʾ˵ʮɹ˯ůͺ͵ģһʱ䶼Щ
ķˣˣϴúȥŵķˣȻѾ˲١

극ʰӼƤͰ̫̫ˣʰѾʮһˣſ飬Ҳˣֻȥ
Ҳǿŵˣϴǹڻ˲ٳԵķָңһܲһһˡʱЩˮÿ˶ζ

Ȼ¹ʱ۾ˣ֪ÿγԺò˶ܹɳƽ֣˭ԶֵĲġ

극̺¥˹ڳ￴飬ڹϵͺˣָֻǰԼ̻Ͱᵽ˳˲һ𣬶ŷŽȥ
Žȥǰ̴ӻͰó˽صĽӣǰ󷹵ʱ׷ģ˻ǰ͵͵װ÷ڻͰͰž·û˷һӡ

Ͱ¶Ⱥܸߣóʱ̵ģ͵͵˼δףȻ¥˹͵ԡ
̰Դף⻹ǱǰĴѧӰģ¥˹ױЩϰߣڱҲˡ

һһڣͻط˯ˣҲû֪ڳ͵ԣǸеӣǰ׷¥˹׵ʱ򣬾ֳˣϴ·ϴ룬һˣǾ͸ˣ¥˹ιĿϡ

¥˹ǱĥûӣȻû˿ЩڣһֻһȻס´꣬˵ԹԳԡ
ָֻǰǸһӡ


ô԰

̫ҭֱۣһ㰮ϸûС




60.  ʮ         ֪࡭

֪ԪڲȥѧУϿΡ

Ԫӷһ, ǴûؼңԶԪҲúùһ£˵Ҳֻദ˼, ȻǰʶĵطҲͬ˵ķԶͨô, ˡ
, ŴԽ, ֪ѧľҪ, ֪㲻֪ʲôʱҲһҡ
, ˡ

, ˶ȥس, ⻹ǴҵһôȫԱ, Ůǰ, һں棬⼸ǶҪϹҲûʲô˵, һ̾˵ؼҵľ˵Լźݡ
£Ҳûʲô˵, ʱֱ̾ӵ˿Ųʺ, Ҿûͬˣ޸һϲˣԸµʦ
˵ĴȻں¾ûˡ

˲֪˵ʲô, ǾýܺãЩĽһߵĺͷ󶼲˵ˣǰϲһֻ̣ʣ¼ʣҪ˵Ǿ̾ǸɵģϲٺãлسҪ

ӢûʲôӦԼ϶䲻ĺ£С¥˹ףҲŴɽ͵͵˵ģ֪¥˹״ڲǻؼˣȥ̡

һ죬ʶŤͷһֱۣ֪Ӷ¥˹׵Ŀ⣬ں濴Ҳ֪˶ãͷЦЦԭƽĮ˲º繣ϵʶűˡ

̲˼࿴æͷŤȥˣûһۣϹ˵ʲôأûе¡
¥˹׹ȥˣ¿϶֪Ȼ¥˹ҪǴ鷳͵˽ţûôɵء
˵ÿ죬¥˹֮£̲˵

ӢƲƲ죬ǹ˿¥˹֮ƵģԴ̻˷·һ

һ˵ЦȥسǣѾԲˣֻ֣һ֥ڵģһûڵģûڵҪ˺ܶ࣬ѾҪˣ˱Ͳ׼ƷֱƱۣ֥֪УǰӷһСǣȥʯĥĥá
ǣҲԼ򣬽ڴҶһ㣬ۺǵǮƱһյģĻԼıȽϻ㣬䣬ԲⶫԶౣ漸죬˽춼Գԡ

ָۣԹ俪ˣﶼˣôһ
˵ʱҶûسǹ䣬깩ĶΣûǮ򲻹سˣԸɴ඼ûڹĹģǹ﷢ģ˿㣬֪Ҳ쵽⣬ˡ

ܹˣ·ЩɵĻܴûҪ
ԽһҲΪϹյ粹ƷӢҪ̫ͣˣ㶫Ƥܲס

ûʲôҪģȫǹ֣һ˴֪㣬˶ȥʱۺվſȣһģɴܽȥͳ˵һȥ˹Ӫ꣬ӿпС

¥˹׸մ漷ߵ⻰Ҳųˣһ𡣡
˵ֱӽӹеĶ

Ҳ¥˹׺󣬻ִްڴ·ڴܴ󣬱ȴԼ¶

¥˹׼״ͷһۣû˵ʲôԼҲȥסġ
廹Ǳ߿˿ĸ첲סƺı˿
·ûʲôˣע⵽

ڴУ̵ֱţֵӣоӵʲôϸϸģӣ¥˹ϴӸϴףҲǸʲôɴֱӽó

ͷƣɫɫͷͷֺϵĿʽеСʱŴȥϵĲгſ̯λֱ˷Ƥ˿߲ţϸ׹һСӡ
Ҳ򵥣ֱӽͷȻһ˷й̶һ˽ͷȦסͺˣźܽһëҪãԼ۸񲻱ˣһҪüëǮ

Ťͷ¥˹ҲȻ½ְסŽڴţҲ֪ȱʲôֺÿģԾˣÿ´ٸ򡣡

գգۣ˵õģֲֹÿƽʱôڼ󣬸Щ˷ѡһ룬¥˹׶⣬ܾ
һЦҺϲȥ㿴
˵껹ƵĽͷϲ˲䡣

¥˹ЦˣἸȴ̷֣ⶺƵĽԱᣬɤһǲǳˣ

ʲô˼
Ťͷȥż˱ȣԼŵ򣬲˵ľ죬ȶЦ۾ź֪Լ񱻳Цˡ


⻵ģ

ûĽţЩɶǰôûô˵һ棿

̺¥˹׵Ӫ꣬¥˹Ҹλţȥǰĸͷһ߲˶
ҪʲôӣܿŶˣ¥˹׸Ǯ

¥˹Ȱˣһ߲˶ڵģС˺Ͷζ̵ģһֱůθȥ

Ҫι¥˹ף¥˹ڶ濴ЦҡͷȣҲʡ
ôȰȣֻԼˣµʱ䣬ɴ룬ûкȹ⣬ֻ˰룬ҪŸ¥˹׳

ʱ̷ֶ¥˹׻ڿɫרע·źܶ޷Ķ

̱Щ˼ǰһƣȲ

¥˹Ųƾˣȴι̳ԶˣԵòˣŰʣµĽꡣ

һ¶ǣоθˣͷԲˣźòسһˣеˣӼĽӺͳˣķž˲ãʣһЩĸյ⣬׼ԡ

¥˹ȥ磬Ѿˣмûã̽ۺǽǣ˵Ҫ¥˹ȥԼسǳ·ڼ
ǻҪȥʾ֣̺¥˹ײȥġ

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¥˹߶߶ǵЦݾһֱûѹ

͹ͷ̺¥˹׾ֱӻȥˣ˳س·ʱ˻û
Ҳûȶãȥ·ֱӸ¥˹һˣں棬Ҳû˵ʲô佨ͷ࿴˼ۣ佨ĿЩԹơ
װû¥˹ӱ䵭˵۹Ӳϡ

ص֪ѾһˣŪ˵ԵģȻұæˣ˶һ֣ӵģϴԼ·ģڳæġ

ȥ˳ԼͷһŽﰾһ
ȥۣϡ

æЩѾˣ簾ͷͺˣζȹԲա˶ˡ
֥ϲ࣬ͦģԭŵÿ˳һԲٺһԲϾģԶе壬кһ¡

֪ƿӺ֣ͷˮ˲٣ɴཫԲʣµɸһͷٷϼˡ
һͷҲ߿飬֣Ҳû֣ȾͲˣͷȻģֻ¥˹׳ԡ
?

ҲûܳζѾǺܸ˵£Ȳȳ˸ȥԲ
ԲȽϴһӤȭͷС۴ֲڣָ֥ҭɤӣŴԲһ㶼񣬲ƽѳԵζ۵Ĵ˵Ѿζˡ

ȻѾԱˣǺϧĽԲꡣ
ԹζõԲȴҲԹԲ

ŴҸı飬Ҳоůůġ

Ԫڹ̾ȥϿˣ˰Ͱȥһ

ȴƽ¥˹׳ˣЩ¥˹׿С壬忴ŽòˣɫɫãǼǵеǽ£ҽԺǼŴβõ֡
ûȷдվһ죬дˣǵˣԲӷεĽܡ

ôһֱ³ԥ֮£ٴ¥˹ȥҽԺһ֪ûҸʲôڰ¥˹ƭȥͼҴܵѧУ¥˹˱ȥҽԺˡ




61.  ʮһ         ¥˹ܡ

¥˹ͦͻȻ, ôҲ粢ûи¥˹׷ֵһȥǻȥ·ҴҸϹȥĳ, ȥӳгϽ˵£˳ȥ֪ͨһ̡
Ͼһʱ䣬̸¥˹֮è, ֻҪϹӶˡ

һǵҲ֪ô, ˵Ǵɽˤȥ, ײ׮, ϶Ѫ, ҲҪ̫, Ҳûۼ, ûô, ѾȥҽԺ, Ӧû¡

֪ڰοԼ˶ȥҽԺˣô, 죬ȥ٣һȥ
粻׼ȥ, û뵽ô£Ҳҵ, ûˣֱȥУ칫٣Ȼ첽֪ߡ

࿴ߵķɿ죬ֻСܽ, һСһߴ˵ǸŮԱʲôöÿû£ֱǸ˾
ͣ

̽Ųһ٣͵Ťͷºйأ

һӻ𣬼ʣ붼û˵˼ȥ¥˹ף¥˹ûƹ뿪֪˽ֱӴɽϹȥҲ֪ɽƬأֶָģ滬Σհ

һ뵽йأͺ޵ܾŮ˾ɨǣרŸ֪㲻Ը¥˹׶ֵôˣҲܾôףǹţֱûûƤ
˵䲻ģԱ֪֪࣬໹ءǸҲ֪Ϊϲ˭˭͵ϲ֪ǲɻôҲǳˣزص˳Ҳ˵ģĶĵô۸ˣ

ɫһףɽȻ֪ũ࣬ӳŶȥ﷥ľɽƬľͷúܺãȥҲһʽȥ껹ɽǹ룬Ȼ֪ʲôбﶼߣµȥˡ
֣Ҳ֪ǲˣĪЩš

ƺˣﻹţûٶ˵ʲôͷ첽֪㡣
̸֪ϽǮƱӣȻʰԼ¥˹·꣬һ龫ͣȥسǡ

ѩгã뻹ˣϾѩʲô˼ҲýӴࡣ

࿴һżӣһȥæϴϴëЩҽԺûУҪסԺĻ»Ҫ˷ǮԼŷ㡣
˵뵽ǽģ;¥˹׿ͦصģҪסԺüӡ

̺۾һۣж˵һлл
¥˹׳£ﶼûʲô⣬һȥʱ̤ʵ˺ܶࡣ

ЦЦлʲôƽʱͦġ
˵Ļϴ£ԼֵʳһĻȥˣ׼Ժÿֻ٣͵͵Ʊ

̺һ·ûô˵ֱسҽԺȥ

ҽԺƽʱûʲôˣһʾ֪ˣ̺ܵ¥ңſվų򶫡佨ӳ꼸ˡ

ӳվһߵ˵ޣϸϸҲ֪ʲôûء
޵ķҡ

򶫺佨ɫΪѿû˵¥򶫸Ͻ˹Сˣ¥˹׻棬ģӦûʲô£еˡ
ʵҲײˣ˵ʱѪӦøأǶˣҲ֪ܲκá
ЩسҽԺУҪҪȥ￴

ƤһһȣʶŤͷԶ꣬еľǳ¥˹ȳˣӴ˲վ

ǳˣЩȫԵϣеľд¥˹ǼŴβõģȴˤɽ̲̫ȷǲͬһ£Ҫͬһ£ҲڳĲŴӦǲɸı¼
һţ¥˹׻ûҲʲôȻֵֹģҲֲȥϸ롣

Ҳ̹ˣʹ޵һֹĵĶ̵ߣɫԹޣ·˶ܿƿߡ

վӳ˵ŻϴŲͷߣȻڿ˵޹أʱܶ˶˵ȥˣ¥֪Ϊ˱ܿŲСĻɽģ¥֪Ҳ⵵¡

ӳһѾֹһξ꣬¥֪Կ֪¥֪֪ϵãɲŮòģҶǳˣ֪ʲô˴Ҷ֪ãĸ۰ȥسԣ˵龫ôõ¥֪Ϲ۲Żῴ
˵¥˹ҲʲôûУǰʱյ쵼ѣ˵˴кչչ¥˹ף˵¥˹׿ܻسǣǲǵġ
˼ƾɶ

Ҳûãεйأģ¥֪Ҫû»ãҪǳ£ԼеɣѾǵһˣ֮ǰΪֹһȰ㣬㿴ԼڻȥסԺʲôģٸˡ

ͷû˵¥˹¼֣ӹһ˿⡣
ЦֹҪľ¥˹׳£¥˹Ҫǲ£ôֵ

ֻǻЩϧҪǹ¥˹һһεʧܣ֮ǰ˵Ľȫ˶ûãҲķӣʵ¥˹׻ԶվͲ̻ϲ¥˹ףϲôѲһзһ

ΪûʣˣԶһ̫ص˺ϵͳֻѡһ˫ģһಡһˤɽ˫ģ϶ǲеģ۾Ҳûеطָ¥˹ԺμӸ߿أಡûֻһϵͳʾЧδֻ֪ˡ

ҲЩģ¥˹˵ĸһ㣬Ȳվڡ
뵽¥˹Ժվ̻뿪ֻߣ㼤

̲֪룬ԹһۿЩ
Ҳ֪ǲ̵Ĵоһʱ䲻òֱһЩ֮ǰȽ°üģ۾˺üһԺܿ˫ƤȻŲ̫ȻòҪÿƤҲ˲٣ڵ꣬Կ°ͺܿҲָǰ״ƤЩɫص˼ǰӡ

֪ԼԺ̶ı仯ˣҲúܹ죬ϾֱϵͳĹһȷȫҲֻǱϵͳеһƪŮѣûʲôСֵģˣҲܲµӦʧܵĳͷ
ʲôʧܣ̾Ӧ¥˹йأȻǱ̺ܶ඼ǵˣһֱ¥˹ײţ¥˹ôܾɽˣ̾ɻϵϵͳǿƹ涨ԼĪǶ¹Ŀܻ

һ룬̾þͺˣΪǵȥ걻¥˹÷ºݻӣ·Ҳм׷¥˹ףûȴֻˡ
˿ûûƤûûƤܲϵͳĳͷ

뵽ʲôҪȥϸ룬ͿҵŴˡ




62.  ʮ   ʿŻԵ¥˹ס

ʿŻԵ¥˹׳, ¥˹׶ͷźİײ۾ţëǳǳ, ɫ԰ѩ·ͯд˯ˡ
ûиǱӣܹ˫ȱʵʵ滹װ˹̶ľ, źء

ҽں, һƣ

żǰ, ôǲûˣ

ҽժ, , ƢĻش, ˵˵, ˤе, ȶ, ȣ廹ǵȲ˵
Ұѻ˵ˣϾⲡ˵ĺ, ֻһسǵСҽ⻹ҵôҪʱ, 뽫͵ҽԺȥ

ɫЩÿǵĿ۳˯¥˹, ﾾܣղûﻹһ˿룬еǣǾ֮, ٲҲҵȥܿ϶ûڣҪУӦûӡġ
ҽ⻰ȴﲻɵúܵԼղŵĲ²ˣеڡ¥˹׵ļŴڵˤȣȻֵֹģҲΪĸı䣬¥˹׵ľҲӦ˱仯
Ҳ֪Ǻǻ

ڴʱһʿСǼһ˸ȥסԺѣλҪסԺһʱ䡣

⻰һ˵ʱ밲򶫺佨Ťͷһߵӳ꣬ɫԲӳЩ죬ε˵׻Ǵ꣬Ҫ¥֪ô򲻷ţҲ⵵£ĹҲ˵ƫ۵Ļ

ͷ·ûߵĶﳩ죬ҽ˵ĻҲˣҽ˼Ͳûֱ˵¥˹׵⣬ָܻˡҲǣôߵĵطˤȥ»ľ׮ӣвŹ֡
¥˹Уֵʱ˵̶¥˹ģȻҪסԺѣǾȥˣǺǮ𣿲Ǻϲ¥˹𣿵֪¥˹Ҫһչʱǲǻһֱôϲȥ

ĸԺеϵͳܲ¥˹һѣ
ܹ֪ѶˣĲٿŮˣҪ̣¥˹ҲһֱԼ겻ɲ˵ܵϵͳĳͷһ׻ڶòԭûнȣֻ»Ŀˣһ뵽ĿĴۣ̲ס˸еڵ¥˹Ŀˣ¥˹׵Ѷ̫ȻɹõĽҺܶ࣬ͬʧܵĺҲ͸أڵеġ
뵽ˡ

Ժеϵͳһųֻ֣֣ܡ
Ȼǻе

ĺڣϵͳڲĻڵĳӶˣԼϹѡôûõ࣬һδʧܣҲܵͷΪ¥˹״ɽˤ껨˽ңҲһķɣϾǺ˵¡¥˹ײͨˣкܴĸˣӦǼˣǵòʧ£ҪΪҲðա
֮ǰȰˣȴСɫʼϲûд¥˹׵ĶԼøԶΪ˼С˲ˡ
ȷʵÿƣͬҲûж۽磬֪Ӧѡ¥˹ߵǸյŮ֪࣬ȻǸŮ֪࿴ŲǸúˡ

һܣЩʧ

ϵͳ֪˼ôܵķɺأȷʵû취æˡ
Ҫ֮ǰнչһ㣬Ҳڷôأ¥˹ѾȷϲǸŮ֪࣬Ҳ˵εѾʧˣҪвҲæ
껹ʧˣֻǿƸ»Ŀ꣬ڻĿĴۣǾͲˣXʰԼûб¡

껹֪ϵͳĴ㣬ֻϧʧᣬ¥˹ѵĻоԼкܴİ

򶫽ԼǮ̣ȥ¥˹׸סԺѡ
˵꾶ֱӳǱ߹ȥεĿܰ׳ԡ

佨ѧӿڴͳǮ̡

̱յģھܾãԵǮƵģô˵ҪϰһƤ겻Ҫ
̽ӹǮ˵һллȻŤͷŻʿտһ£ȥǮ

ͷȥء

̸Żʿ뿪ˣ¥½ǮסԺ

ȥ¥¥˹סĲһźţλֻ¥˹һסҹʱ¥˹ѾƵȥˡ
ԱæĨϴϴⷿҲ֪ûסˣζţлҳ

ﻹˮƿǴģ佨̵ӳѾˣ֮ǰӳ˵ȥ͸˵һסԺǼҿ϶ҪһֵģҲ㲹

򶫽õˮƿڴβ˵ˮĵطҽԺʳҲⶰ¥棬ѵģȾͷֱ߾ˡ
˵ֲһ䣬ʳҲԽطԼĻҪǮˣûʲôסԺˣϷӦþ¥˹ףѾʻʿҪһӣ͹

⻰ͷã鷳ˡ

ҡҡͷ鷳أҪ¥˹׺̸˶󣬸ľǣȻô˵Щãȷʵ뿪ӣȱһ칤־Ҫһӡ
¾ʹ绰ңٹ㻹ȱʲôȥ򡣡

̿ۻԵ¥˹ףҡҡͷûʲôҪģЩԼȥˣ춼ˣ鷳ǡ

ȻҲû£˵仰뿪ˡ

һߣ㳹װڴһ¥˹׳˯ӣһȥһ룬ֲˣ³ˡ

ûãʿӣе䣬е㱡ͽ͸š
ҽԺסԺ˲࣬ЩҲûʲôãλ˼ҪͶһȻҲӡãǮʱģ˵ϵλֻĶ󣬻ûнأ˶֪࣬ӡˣСҲ֪࣬˲ٿ̸࣬Сò̲ͣסЩۡ
˸Ҫעһ㣬ϵʱҪǰҹ˼ǵýҽ

̹ԹԵͷ

ʱ̸ֵĻʿ˵һȻȥ˺ʳ򷹳ԣʳþҽԺⶰ¥濿ҵĵطСһӣ̴극ֱʳóˣԭŵ¥˹Ҳʳóԣʡܶ鷳£ûһˮķˣ֪㻹磬֪׷ܹĺԣŵ¥˹˺Լɡ
극̾͸Ͻزˣˮƿˮϴ¥ҲˮڲˮܴһͰôߣǽϣԱˮʱ䣬ߵ㵽ŵ㣬ʮ㵽㣬㵽˵㡣

ҲҺ࿼ܵϴϴȻû취ϴһ죬϶ˡ
̲ϴ裬䣬ûʲôζһˮϴëϲ˲ٽϴˮϴ˵ˮݽš
¥˹ףûϴˣë˲ֺӡ

ϲںģҲûеƣõƵʱй涨ģ˵Ӿ׼ʱϨƣ̲ò˯¡
һ˯Ĳοҹ˺üΣȻ¥˹׵ĶͷûзգĶͷе̣ǵգʱЩˣҽ˵̱ûнˡ

һֱչ˵ڶ磬¥˹ײ˹




63.  ʮ   ¥˹ѹʱ̻

¥˹ѹʱ̻û, ȥվȥˣվһ˲ˣһ, һˣЩĹ˵ģ絹ǻһ㣬˻û°, ȥһЩ, ûϵ, ⻹̴ʳôġ, 綼ʣµı߽߱ǽ, Ļ˺ܶ, , Ĵʦͷһβ͡
̻ȥ˵ζ, ЩҲûʲô, òԹЩ֪㡣

򶫺һˣ̳ȥģҽԺտ¥˹ס
ˮƿȥˮ, ûݣͿվſڹ꣬һ, ﲻӭ㣡
ʲôõ£ǰȥ, ԭһһˮƿɴֱȫ֣꿴˳һ, 򶫱Ͼˣø߸ߴģֳũƤڣôһм˵ƣæԱ߶˹ȥˡ
򶫵ǲˣҲûкƢǰһٿŽȥȻ顱һš

ſڵ۾ɨһ棬һ˶ûУ
ղžǲ֪ûˣԲվſ͵֪ûˣӦýȥġ

򶫲Ų˼ɫˣˮƿڴβ׼ˮ¥˹ײӣȻҽԺչ¥˹ף¥˹ûѣµӦûиϴԲûڣſոϴһϴ
ڿˣǸŮԱҽ¥˹һ˷ڲ
Ǹ˾ǲֿӶûʲôӡӳĵ˵ȥˣȥҽԺʲôûУ˵ȥҽԺ֪㶼ȥ佨ȥ˵ӳɤһ٣Ļǽһ˼ֱһȺҪ

򶫷ˮƿȥôͷϵˮ׼ˮŵǻܺȡȻתͿǿڴѾ۾¥˹ף¥˹Ҳ֪˶ˣƺûзӦ۾ãĿͷ컨塣

һ㶣Ĺ˲۾һˣ
ɫתΪϲƺ뵽ʲôæȥҽ
˵˾ͼĳȥʿʿ鷳һ£ˡ

Ե̻Ϳ¥˹⣬ڴϵꡣ
Ŀ¥˹ף˵Żѹһ㸺ģʲôӣҶ뿪㣬ԺվҾԼһ㡭
˵ŻͼҪȥ

ڲϵ¥˹üܵƿӣ˸ѣһʹ

վſڣһʱûнȥ໹ôͻȻ˵ˣǰһ꣬ɫһ䣬ݺһҧ붼ǰƿڴ㻹ҹͶģⲻҪĶжԶԶﲻӭ㡭
⻹һαֳӣ·Եǳˡ

ֵ̣ĻƽޱĿ꣬Ȼ󳰷һЦ·ʲô¶ûӣŲ˽ţôˣסԺѵģҲͲˣһٶסԺѽһܵģҩǮͺĻָǮʮţһһپʮţ鷳塣
˵ƺ뵽ʲôŶˣ⼸סسǣӦĳԷǮĹ֣ЩҲҪ壬ҵľͲˣ¥˹׵øţͻ߿顣

Ϥ¥˹ĵŤͷСƺĶ˵Щԭɵ۾ȴͻȻúĿϣůᡣ
˶һûſ˵ˣƬĴ궼һˣŷֿȻֻɬƵ̡
ܵͣ͵̼

걾ЩɫЩÿεҪȻ¥˹״ɽˤȥģڱûôҲΪΪ˽ӽ¥˹ף¥˹ֲûǮϵͳ֪¥˹ײһǮǮ˵ҽƷˣֱڳӶˡ
Ըһչ˲м¥˹ףҪ
ţЩġ

ڿ¥˹׵ķӦɫѿˣֻŵǣԺеϵͳͻȻ𡰵εΡٵľ
ϴγľ棬Ԥʾܳͷ
ŵøϽԺеϵͳô£¥˹׶ôˣһлᣬΪʲôҪͷң

ϵͳҲãҽô˵ɡ
Ȼô˵Ӧ¥˹׵˲أָܻãεĹǳʧˡ
ڲ˵źøǿƻĿꡣ

һ䣬ʹҴҵĽŲſ˲˺ü´ӵҽʿ
̱˵Щʲôģ״ֻһûп¥˹һۣתȥˣ¥˹۾ϣ

򶫸ҽһŵӣ꣬·ʲôղųźҽûˣΪѾˣû뵽û˲뵽ղ̣ɫڵĸ̿һðŻ붼ǰһֱӽϴקӳȥˣӣ˸ɻ걻ӵֱˤڵϣ
·ڿ

ܵ޺޵̧ͷ۳򶫽ݵıӰ

̴ȥʳͳһˣ綼ûϢֻһĹΪ˹¥˹ףܲǿŶ뿪ˣײ˺һ׷ûˣֱҽԺʳãǸ¥˹һС߲࣬һСʱܺá

˺ܿ죬ڵŻοǸŮ˷Ǿǲˣ¥˹׶һ˼ûУŲţε¹Ҫٲ¥˹ף˵㲻Ź֪ҲŹţǻȥдٱš
дٱŻǰ̳ĵӣôˣǳǼ˼˼ǵģھ͵дٱţٱˣåһǲôᡣ

̱ҲǺģһ뵽ղŲһĻ͸һֻӬƵģĻˡ
Ŷ¥˹׶ԹҲ¥˹ױ˭޹ͷβܾĺܳףûиģ̬ʲôһֱ˲ţϲ岻ĸھ塣

̲סԼһʱһѧףǸѧǰѧУ£ֵø׵ܶ˹¥°źܶһ̲ϲѧܾѧĶΧֵܡ
ʱ̱òᣬǸѧһֱ׷ţÿζܾĺܳףȴͬѧ˽˵ߡ

й¥˹׵ľ飬¥˹һʼͲϲ꣬ǷּŴ˫ȲվҲû˵ϲ˵ĸ޸һŵɱУһֱΧ¥˹תΧʹ˵л¥˹׵ͷġ

һ룬ͻȻе¥˹еɱһʼͲϲ꣬ȲȢŮˣѾúùӵģ֪˻ŮǺܶˣһһñӡ
ɻ¥˹˫վܲǼŴΪֽš趨¥˹мŴǲΪĴ͸ıȶʵǰʱ¥˹سҽԺ飬ʾܽûκ⣬ȴɼŴˤɽȣò롣

뵽Щ̲ɺðһģҲ̫ݶˡ
Ե̺ŷ˻زʱѾúƽˣòܲܺ¥˹ߵҲҪиһĽ֡




64.  ʮ         ̻ص

̻صʱ, ҽո¥˹飬һۣ˵ǱȽϿɹ۵, úţֻҪƽʱע㣬Ӧȫָ
һ䣬ָʱе, ƽʱòҪػ
˽һ, ˵Ƕˡ

ҽҪָܻ, ҽҲ˵ʱ, ֻҪÿ˵, úŵĻ, ҲҪꡣ
Ȼ, ֹ۵, λʲǶཡ, ӦСʱûãԹٿࡣ
ҽ˵ˣλû˹ܡ

⻰, 򶫺ɫÿʱ䣬е㳬ǵԤ, һɻֵ֪˵ֱ, ¥˹µظɻʲô

֪˽Ӽ𣿳򶫵ǾԼٳһڣ˿ɲô룬Ҳһ¡
, ϲ¥˹ףܰ¥˹װ𣿸˵ҪĸԸźˡ

Ťͷẉ̂վҲˣʶ͵಻֪ǲôϲ¥˹ףֻ룬ҪǻԼ϶ġ
ʱ䰡¥˹ȲվƽʱԼչ˲ãȫһˣ붼֪жҿࡣ

ѹ̺¥˹׺òߵһȴͻȻ¡

̽ţʲôû˵һͷڴϵ¥˹ȥ¥˹ƺĶ̧ͷںڵһң˿Ҳʲôû˵ֻǳĬ

̽еӷڴͷļϣҲûֱת
ࡰһûҪȥĶ

Ťͷ׷ϣȻͿֱȥԽԽ죬ܴ󣬼·̾ǰ

Ҳ֪ʲô̼ɫģ̲Ӧ̧־͸һƣž
ʮ˲밲ҽ׼ţ˵Ż״ʱʧʶŤͷˡ
ղûע⣬ڲŷֽﻹһˡ

̧ͷ㡭

žһơ

ҧгݣң

ž

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Щƴһ㶼ᣬȵԼֶʹˣǲͣҲ֪˶£׵øͷһ޺޵ˣʲô¥˹һλôڻҪǲǣҸ㣬¥˹һӲмҶ

⻰˵˿˼

ҲΪ⣬վ𾪣͵ſڵļҽ죬ڲϵ¥˹ףԭӣΪ仰̧ͷȥ̣ۿ΢졣

ǴСͱˣ¥˹״ûһ仰
ң仰Ƕ˵ġ

Щֱһ죬ק˾ȥվԱ߰æſҽѾˣ·˽ſڡ

·ûƵģǽڣɫĪòҰף·ʱҪȥڵƵġ
һ֡

۶꿴֪뵽ʲôͻȻǰһ߽Ҫִʱһקס֣յ꣬ΪϵͳͰԼˣеǷ㣬Ų......

һ仰˵ԺеϵͳͻȻһǿҴ̶ġ֡Ż˱伱ٵ

ʮʮע⣬ιʧܣֲ㣬ѡ񣬵ϵͳһı乥Զ󡪡

ʮʮע⣬ιʧܣֲ㡭

һԺпͷϷ˵ʱ

ʮ




˵ʲôˣֻ֪Լϵܱˣ벻ԺеĶУһʱӦ
ϵͳҲ֪״̬ãֱԺһףȻ˺ȴʵġ

괽ɫ˲׵ûһ˿Ѫɫɫ

ʶҲˣԺеĻһʱ䲻֪ѡȻ֪õѡǵϵͳԼһ˺ûˣһжصԭ㡣
һ뵽ԼҪǰôѿӣô㲻ȥ

ģȻһֱ֪ϵͳʲôöͬʵԼԸúÿˣϲû취һУһı乥Զ󡭡

˸Լһͽ˹֪һѡһһΣ±ӾҪɵˣʧܣ´λǿƱһҪԶʧռ塣
ʱϵͳ˵û˹ʧܹԲõģôû뵽ԼôҪ

ڵʱڶʱѡһ
Ҳǵѡ˲䣬оԼ˶ˣʲôǰһƬڣҲɥʧˣ·Լų⡣

̿л㱵ģ޹ͣɫҲòҰףΪԼⷬסˣ򴽡
Ҳ˵ЩϾⱾŮ뽫Լ¶ǰһδνƣĸͲϲ¥˹ס
Ȼ¥˹ױҲû˿ġ

ͷβʲô̱˭֪Լ¥˹׻ϲһװױ¥˹׾ܾţü¥˹֪Ϊùϲ壬ʵΪǸƨġԡ˵ףʵΪԼԼԼϲԼ˽
νŮ̾ϡ

ΪԼܿˣҪǿǵ֪ľҪǿǵĸ߿سǣҲһδЩϡ쵼ֱ꣬ҪǻǰôƢ

̿űɵĳˣЦһԺҹԶһ㣬ҪٸҺ¥˹ףҲŹġ
˵ֱתˣ˲

󣬿ͻȻô꣬·һܴߣ̲ס̣˵ʲô
ղ̴ֻյ˵˻˵ʲô̫ûˣֻ֪ŵòᡣ

ɫҡҡͷʾûʲô

Ϊ˵ûٶˡ

̻صʱ򣬳Ѿװŷ˵ӴˣóķˣΪЩ̸¥˹ġ

¥˹ûԣ̻

̿ææȥӣֱӵЩ¥˹׵Ȼࡣ

򶫸׼ι¥˹ף⻰ֱЦˣҪô鷳
ﵹǾο壬æһ磬綼ϢΪ˰ѽĹ˺¥˹ףٴ룬Լһб
ղŵ£Ѿ̺¥˹׿һˡ

ѵˣҲɶˣȥͳһԷëˮƿˮʪҲ̲̣šɺߵԸ¥˹ײľǸղŽҪλã˵ˣûҲӦĻš

¥˹׵Ƥף¾ͺˣ̿ɲܣʹֲ֣͡û¶ĵط̶ݺݲ˺ü顣

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Ŵ˵¥˹ҲֻùԹãоõС˺̽źһ̡

̲ûëһӣһ䣬ң
תҲŷ˳

¥˹ĬĬһۣ治Һˡ

극ڷ¥˹ײϴһ飬̴ϴ˸裬þҽԺϴһǮ
˻ʱ˳õûȥѾ¥˹ˣëЩϴɾˣִƿˮ

ߵʱ򶫲ŸεȥˣûãֲǣҽҩסԺЩòȥӳˣ˵˵ǵȵϢҲ֪ʲôʵڲУ˵ģٱƴһҲҪֻعҲ˼
򶫾ԼȻʵҲֱ۸˲ˡ

̵ͷмĿһۣлл
˵ʵ⣬Ҳһ̣֪ܵһ壬ѻụ

ˣ̸¥˹ι࣬ιʱҲǵͷģֻ죬¥˹֪ã̲סЦָ·ղ硣
ǳǳģҲûʲô
δɽˤ

仰˲ЩõĻ䣬̧ͷһ䣬磬ԵĶһƬ

¥˹׿⸱ģЦСĴָס·һǣ˳Ҳϲ
˵˶٣ֲһ䣬Ҳϲҡ

ʵ˵Ǹ˹ֵֹģܲųࡢ·ǣȻˤɽܵʱƹȥʱǱʲôסˣ岻ܶȷӦʱ˾ɽȥˡ
ЩҸ˵ȥ鷳˵ģЩаЩЩԼעͺˡ

֮ǰ͸˵ԼʲôˣһЩСѡĮģΣôԼˤɽһԺеĿֻţԼҲˡ

̲֪룬ι࣬ҲˣʵҲûʲôƣһ飬¥˹ǣ¥˹ǱŲš

ƫƫˣ¥˹׻̣ʰ׵̣ͻȻһ䣬һʱҶҪˣû취Ͷ尢ȻĶٶһңǲģ̣ҲΪĸ

û˵꣬̾ͱˣýһӣŤͷʲô˼˵⻰ûģ˭ܵҡ¥˹ף˵Ҫߣھߡ
˵˵۾ĺˣҪߡ

¥˹ߣ۾ῴˡ

ת˼ûˣ̣ûסŤͷ͵¥˹繶˵Ŀ⡣

£漴˾죬ŤŤ߻ϣȻһѱסˣ¥˹ᡰ˻һҲûܣյôֹңŲߣ

¥˹ֻֻ̧Ųͷ°Ͳ˲Ķͷ⻰һᣬһ͵ϣߡ
ˣͲˣԸôõŮ

С󣬴û˶ôùڸҺսԶڵһλǸŮˡǸŮԼҪġ
̣۰һ£òֻԼ֪Сʱڹùüÿαܴ˻ϲȻ̲ŹӴֻû˵ʱűޣһ㣬ֻǲǸ֮Ϊҵĵطȥ

ˣǸŮˣҲûˣùùøսѰŵĹøܡ

ȥ¥˹׵ĺƽƽһ˿ܶЩûʲô飬Ҳʲôֻһ˰Ļš
ڣһúõĻš

⻰һ
ͷﲻ˵ź޺ҧ°һڣ˵ĺǳ׼Ҳߡ
˵̲סϱ˵Ļ˵ӣԺǵҸסģȻ죬ʱмһˡ
̾ã¥˹׺Ǹܽסġ
ôһ룬ЩЦЦ֮òģ̧°ҧһڡ

¥˹ЦȻ˲
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һ͵̧ͷ۾ɴһ䣬ʲô
Լˡ
飬ǲŶ󰡣

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Ŷʮһ
̻Ǿ̫ˣȻ¥˹׺úһԺ֣Ҳûھͽ飬ܾԼС

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ȻˣԺҪ֪ӳ͹ϲϢ˵ƿ

Ȼ˵ڶʱ򶫾˳ųһž˸߲ҵ˹ף̣һϢӳӳˣ˵˹׳ԺǱ߾͸˹תڹίԱһӣԺסڹˣǱҽȥˣõĶשǰҷӲģرãеСԺ˻飬˰ȥסҲ㡣

򶫽ԭ׼ˣ컹̴к˵ٹҲΪϢ̫ŸϽ˵һҲΪ̰ġ
˵¥˹󲻺Ҳ˻ͦжԺúõġ

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¥˹Ժû취Ϲɻû뵽ֺ£סίԱÿҲҪ߶·еһ䷿ӣڳﶼҲĺ£̵Сѧʦɲһǹҵĸɲÿвġ

һʼһͬ¥˹ף֪мĸ꣬Ҫ¥˹װ꣬Ϣֿʼˡ
³򶫾Ͳø¥˹˵ˣ̽гȥ˵վҪ˵ʲôˣôˣ֪㷢ʲô𣿡

֪ˣܹѣһ´һšһһû·Щľͳˣֱ纫

˵Ĳ֪㣬̣¥˹ײ˼СѵȻѡ¥˹һǸϽѻˣСˣҲǳ£ǰҲ˵Ļµ㣬¥˹׼Ȼ˹ҲûʲôˣҲͽ۵㣬ҪչһȥͺˣǷȻСסȴǹˡ

ôãҲˣʲôʱس˭֪Ҫȿ»еĵȣҲȰֻǾòزسǣǷҪģһ˹Ǹˣġ
ʵ˵¥˹ǸбµģƽʱƲһ仰˵һֱ֪¥˹֪ǸҪسˣ¥˹Ҳܸġ

򶫾̲ɵǰᱻԵģû뵽תͷ͸ˣ¥˹׺ˣ¥˹ôһˣסһôöûϤƫƫϲ̣Ҫ˵ûŲţԲŻЩ˵

ͱ¥˹׵Ļ𾪵һû˯ã⻰ʱЩš




65.  ʮ         ¥˹ڡ

¥˹ҽԺס, 첲ҪǲˣѾܶˣҲԼ, ȻҪúţĻ˵Ψһ鷳ϲ, ܻ̿, ¥˹, ޵ġ
Ȼ, һжҪ˵ġ

̸¥˹Ρ̵ۺ, 첲, ѾԼŴӴŲ, ҲܴŲ, ̻˴һ, мڿգ¥˹׷㡣
棬ܸо¥˹׵ľ, ǾûʲôԺˣҲ̹

¥˹ϰľ, ʱûʯܹ࣬Ѿ, СسǻûУҽʱҽ֣˵ʯ᲻͸, ˫Ȳá
ðɣǳˣҲڵҽˮƽкܴĲࡣ

ڽ飬̲ûпǶãһʼûô죬ȥǾͷܽܡ
Լ¥˹״֪ȥסͦõģദʱãʲôͳʲôϾ֪ôſڣ⣬ȥÿҲֻһƬ͹ζ
ϰҲ㣬ÿϻܶ˯һ˵ģҪˣҲûʲô

飬Ҳ̤ʵһ㣬ҲıˣŮCPʵѾˣϾдϼŴʱǻ˫ȲǶϵġ
뵽΢ο
Ҳ֪δ˺ܶδ֪ԣҲ֪˻᲻Ӱ졣

һڴ϶¥˹׵ȥȰѷӷˣǾͽ顣
߿һ࣬һǿ԰һϰ¥˹Ҳܶ̽

Աߴλϣ˵⻰ʱӣ۾Ǹ򣬲ѾϨˣǺܺڣ¹Ӵģӡ
ǶȣԼ¥˹׵Ρ

¥˹ڴϣ⻰ǣüﺬϸĹâȻӦˣá

漴֪뵽ʲôһ䣬ҲЩǮʱǾ֪򵥰һȽؼˣ졣
˵ǱʲϼҵǮŹҲҪϼһˣǱǮóʱϼӣǲܻسǣڳ׷ҲһЩҲҪгϲȥسԵģԼгȽϺá

ģ¥˹ѾԺ˼ҪЩ
ٺһ㡣

֪Ժô࣬Ĵ㣬Цеĸͣġ
Ҳ죬ˣԺǷֳȥǵ͵ȽϺá

¥˹׿Цˣַ·һůע뵽
ҲЩ̰Ƭ̡

һ̾ˣ´ףβݸ¥˹ףԼתˣȥȾͷĲ

¥˹Ѿѵܹ治ɫסһߣľһŽ˽
̻Ѿڴˣ̵ĽõȻϴϴǰ¥˹һڣСΡ

¥˹üۡ

¥˹׳Ժǳǵģ佨Ҳˣһ峵ڰ峵ϷĴӣҪģǰ콨ð峵¥˹׻ӣ̾Լ¥˹״ϵıӷ棬·¥˹׵ȡ

¥˹ױ򶫱峵ɺã佨˴ӳг̽Ʒװ棬ʲô谡밡·ʲôģʰЩѵϸߡ
佨ԸԼһﳵȻȥѡųһߣ峵̺ںơ
һ·˵˵ЦЦ

໹˵Ҳȥ˹¥˹׵ķӣȻСһ㣬ĺܲһŷӶǰ칫¥˹һ䣬ǰԶиˮͷƽʱϴϴ·ܷ㡣
˷ܣǷԼĻˡ

佨ҲŵʱԱߴӴͨʹˡ

ԶԶԣͷˡ

˵ʱ֪ˣŷͦϵģҲܰשģݶҲǺߣ֪á
ҲЩڴ

һ磬̼ڵ֪㣬˶ȥϹˣۿҪˣ̱ȥô˵Ҫһ³ǡ
һЩ⣬һ죬ˮȣ飬һۣһˮ˽ŽȥͺãŪøҲˣŷŽҲʲô
Σϴлһһ롣

̹ڹзϴõ󷹣˵緹ҲҪˣﻹһ̲ˣҲ֪ʲôʱ򳴵ģںʣ١

±߿߳ԣȥ¥˹׷䣬򶫺佨ҲڣһοС򶫺佨Եĺ㣬̽Ծš

¥˹ڴϣԸ̹ʾ
̹Թߵ£ԣ¥˹ʣ˲⣬ŵе

̧ͷɫº͵ҲԵ㡣

ûһۣ˭ⰡСʱѵóһؼ˵ԼԼһ
ûܾĺ⣬иԼˣҲιŵߣ¥˹ˣͷˣתҲι

佨صʱû꣬ǻιιȥϼƤˡ
Ҫˣټȥƾᾢˡ

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ӳҪǹοһ£¥˹׺úϢó⼸սǱӴɨɾʱͿԹȥסˡ
꣬ӳڶˣҲΪ¥˹׵֪࣬ȻҲֲֵòҪģ֪³ԿûʲôҪǳ£ǾˣܴҶҪù¥˹ױ˴кҪúչ

ԹڶҺֲܲ쵼ֱӶ׼Һ꣬Ƕ׼ӣͷһеľӳŽ꽫ԼСܰϹũѧڱ꺦ĺ޲üβˡ
һӶʲôöˡ

ӳ˵Ҳ֪̾ѾȥʰˣӦǰɨûʲôζҲû֩ʲôģһŴһӣҲӦǳŪãΪʡĲ١

ϳ극̾ͺ˵Լ¥˹׵Ĵ㣬ĩͽ飬ʱ֪һ⼸ǻѶᵽǱȥ
ʱûิӣ֪࣬ĸߣܶණҳԶٷˡ

ҲʲôˣҪĻ봩ɴĻɴأڷذ죬ڼȻûǸʡʡɣ˵ʹ˺ʲôɶģҲͦʱ֡

⻰˵ǵķӦƽϾǰ׼Ƿɫѿ͵̧ͷô죿
Щͻأ̶

ʶ̧ȥԱߵûӦô




66.  ʮ         ̺¥

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¥˹ײҲ˼, ϸĵĶ, ҪĶг, һһϸдڱ, , óǰæú, ùæһ, һǷ¹, һ񡣻еӡǣ֮ǰֳ֪ȥʱһڹǹƽʱҲ, ˵׻̵ĶҲӦõ£û˵ʲô̺¥˹˵Ҳʡ, ϾʱڹҲҪ粻ʲôʱС
̻չʲô, ЩҲҪߣ˰æӸһ̨õǻͺé, ¥˹׷ֵӴͨûʲô˶ᣬʱͰŪˣӵԱϳ佨̣ԱһǮڳǣȥس⣬ٴ͡

ŪЩ̾Ϳʼ¥˹׵ĶǱ߰ˣСѧҪϿΣһ٣һ峵̺¥˹׵䡢·ӡꡭƽʱŲ࣬ʰͷֶòˣˡ

һ˾Ȱ¥˹˹ȥ¥˹ȻΣӵ·ߣβУǵð峵峵źıӣǼ䷿ѾʰģˣдйӣһҳûУССһӣұǽиţͨŸڵĳ֪ͬľ壬ǵʵʵڵľţ˨ӡ

˺󣬳ǽ¥˹׷ŵϣæŽӱ¥˹Ҳûţνݣȥæ̡

Ȼˣаɣˡ
˵͸Ͻ׷ϳ򶫼
̾ûˣ֪ʰû©ģԽʰԽ࣬ѵо֪㶼ˡ

һ磬ŰжˣǰæˣҲ˰æһ¥˹װס൱ڷּҵˣô۸ˣ
극̾͸˳һӣʮǻȥ֡ģǿԴȥԣ̺¥˹õģ̵⣬øǮǿ϶ҪֱӸܻᱻռˣԸԼ鷳㣬ҲԿ

ȻǿӾͲ˵ʲôˣͦ˵ģȻһûϹٳԵģ˵׻ռˡ
ŽӾˣ֮ǰ¥˹׵¾ǣԺȻסһˣһ塣

Щ᲻̵̣ѹ¥˹׺úõģҾ

֣ãԺĩҶȥ棬Ҳ棬ҸóԵġ
ЦˣǸá

̽Ƕߺ󣬲Ÿ¥˹һ磬ڼӻ˰칫û˳

Ȳȥʰ¥˹Ѿ¥˹ʰĲˣʮƽ״ӣ濿ǽڷһŴڴβľͷƵģ򿪺һΪǸӣרŷ·ģǿյģűӺӣĹӲһ˵ģùʦôġ
¥˹Ѿ˵·ͱڹˣŸǿյģڻšϵıҲ̺ˣ̵ˣͷŷźãӣֻһⴲȥ´ģȽϺʵԾͷһˮƿӡڴϣӱģǰҲǰ칫ң˲ˣҲˣһ׶ĳӣƽʱȿԷҲѧϰܺá

ۿ¥˹ѾӶʰĲˣ̾ͲöˣЩõҲ˶̸˽ĸɲһǽ¸ɲʪµһʯͷѾ̨ˣĵ۵ζЩ˵һ¼ˡ

Ťͷ¥˹׵ǾͳԽӰɣʣһ㡣

¥˹붼Ӧá

緹ѾǰԹˣ̼̫ãͽӱȥɹȻ¥˹ڴǰдźˡ

дţոĸҪ£Ȼ飬׺ͺܼᶨոĸˣ׼նࡣ
Ͼϸ˵ոĸŮǵĶݣǵĸТԼºͶҪԼ

¥˹ҲûﲻԣСԵϵԼûжٸ飬Ҳ̫˶Լ˵ĸ飬̵£ֻҪͬˣǾˡ

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ոһֱΪòгû̼гƱһҲǵ̫ˣ¥˹˵гոŪƱû뵽¥˹ϾУ˸г

Сسû٣ֱӸ˵һ칩Ͱæһ

ڴһ߰ʮë֣ٶǮ̵ģٿǮ¥˹׵ģʣ»иָƱ
˲ǰд֣ǻͰЩ䣬̱ûнͰ¥˹׵Ȼˣֻ֪ģܸоůͺͣ

̹ԹԵͷдţͷβڿ¥˹жãд˾̧ͷһԱߵ¥˹ס
¥˹Ҳˣˣ̲һ̻ǮִţҲûм˵ϰߣöﶼû¥˹ϲǵģȻһ㣬涨ôá
ͣҪЩھдˣ̾͸˵ˣ֪ʮһˣҪ׼ŵˣԢҲãþã뼸ˣȻʣµ롣

ĵزˣˣȻ¥˹˵򵥰һ˼ǵ͵һ㣬Ϳˣ֪㼸˳Ժһ㣬￪ģˣҲʾǻġ
д²ҪʳϣҲǰڹùüÿ춼˵϶óԣҲܳԡ

¥˹дĶزˣΪˣÿιùüˣø͵ԡ
дˣͰĵùӻˣ㡢ǴŹǡʳκͰײ˶̾⣬֪ʱŹǡκͷʳˣⶫóֱ˸ﲻ

¥˹̵ģд󲹳򼸽໨Ǯ
һ嵥еŮЬӡףһ·

Ťͷһۣ¥˹׽Ǯó飬ҪƯƯģҲȥˣȺú󣬴ȥ򡣡
󻹶һ١

ҲӦá
Ҳһ·

û¸ɣ̾ͺ¥˹ˮϴͷϴ衣
ϴģϴʱ¥˹ȥɹ̫¥˹ϴҪ鷳һ㣬ȸϴͷǰ㸩ֻץסη֣ǰŰʣٷһˮ½ŪʪˣϻްվԱ߸ϴϴԺɹһȥˮ·

¥˹ڳϴ裬Լϴã취ģ¥˹ףϣ˵ȴڵϱմʪֻϴϰֱϷѾõˮͷˮ滹Ʈź«ˮưϴʪݣȻһưһưϽϴɾˡ
ͷͨŵģɾֱӻطˣɾ·ѾڷڴˣϴãȻڴϿ飬̺һϴˡ

ϴԼ·⻰ʪóȥɹ
¥˹ῴҵ·УԼϴ

⼸·ԼϴģϴˣǰһҲûΪ˴չͺܺãȻΣԼ
ҲΪ̬ȣԼǰûʲôе顣

Ȼϰ۸ˣãӻ֣ȥ·һȥϴˡ
ϴ·ܿ죬¥˹һĴǣǰѷʹײ£Ȼˮͼ£˷ˮ·ȫӽȥһͨ࣬Ȼ߾ˡ

¥˹׿ϴ·˵Ѿϰˡ

û·ͣ򶫰æԱ֦ɺʹǣһӣܳһξ룬ɹ·
̽ϴõ·ɹ棬ǰ󲻳ʮӡ

¥˹Ƴһ۴ϵ̸ֱղϴǰģĬһ£ʲôû˵ЦЦλӣҲ
ܹȥϴλӣͷѾɵĲˣûһȥŤͷһУҪںͺˣһҪǽֽҪϵذשŪƯƯġһҪǻںﻹסӣ
ﰧ̾ʲôʱһͷ

Աߵ¥˹ףԵ̣ͻȻЩڣǰҲܹ֮ǰˮʱ򣬻ǰЩҽԺʱ򣬵ûһŴϡ

¥˹彩Ӳһ˲е鶼Щȥˣ򴽣ֽһ㣬̼򴦵ıѹѹ䡣

Цֹס֣ƺʲôγ˴æˣһ㣬ǵԶٷ
ǺϲǷ飬Ҫûһ˸չ˲¥˹ס

йѾǵôˣֻǾһȺͦõģǰ˶ʹʱҪϿˣõװһƽʱһѷصᣬװһˮڴߡ
ʱͦζģԼͨˣ˰֣Ǳ֣ƾʲôҪ˼Լȥ㣿ȻЩ˵ĺã˶꣬ڶûǸѡ

ϲõˣ¥˹ףȻ࣬˭ˣĬĬȥˡ

¥˹˵ͷá

ĵʱ̾ͽˣ˳һӣѾˣ΢΢Щڣ̽·ջ¥˹ɹɵΡ
ʱڼ칫ҵ˲°ࡣ

Ҳ࿴ݣûɵ·ڻͰ￾ţΰᵽԱߡ
¥˹׻ڴţûˣڸԼĦȲҽģ̱ѧѧ黹Ҳ׼Ѩλ¥˹׺ܿͼסˡ

ԼĦȲҲڴˣ˯棬

ʵѾˣ½ܼ򵥣ʱֱͳԶٷϱؼҾһˣ֤Ҫ죬˵ڶ֪ʲôǽ֤

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һ֤дǽΪ££һǣͰǷ޹ϵˣţ¥˹Ⱥ˺ȥһسǣѽ֤õ֡

ѵ׿ë£ֻʣһɫ£·ԣֻһ˲乴ճΣǰ͹£ϻеζζº͸ˣֱ¥˹ױܡ

ѵЩ˼о͸ѳȥ͵͵Ƶģؾ£ƽʱռ˵ȫͬ

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67.  ʮ         ̸ܡ

̸ܵס, ˵޳ݣһ־ܽСְסȵ, ЩֲڸУӦũԵʣ̸մԽʱԭҲЩֲ, ѩˡ

¥˹ĦС, ﰲһƬ, , ͸, ڴ, ·Էĺ

¥˹ס̵ҲΪʲô, Ǻ׽, ɽˤ, Щ췢˺ܶ£һʱЩӦӲϾ̽ȻЩ嶯, ҲǾ˼ǵĽ
֪ӣܽүھһ, ܺã̲岻չԼ, ࣬󴫵ĸǶࡣ
ңҲиңһֻ˵ļҡ

¥˹ͻȻս, ƽЦһ䣬ʲô£

˵ԼԺúðģί־Щ˵û˼û˭˵ǸŮ˻˵ľȴǶԼˣùùøҲ˵ԼۣʵֻǺ˰ˡ
Щͺá

̵ǲ֪ʲôʣšһ֪ഩԽʱڣȻɱķĹ¡
̸¥˹֮ӣֻ٣鱾Ҳո֮ǰĹͱ̺¥˹׷üˣ̿鶥࿴Ͳٿˣ¥˹׵ǻãҲģôۻҵֹߡ

Ϊʡʡ磬ƽʱ϶ЪıȽ磬˯ֻͨʱ䣬֮ǰ֪ʱҹ̸Ҳ϶̸Ͼûô໰ġ
ǰʱ̺¥˹סԺ̾¥˹׸Լ£ϲС˵ȻҲᴩˣ¥˹׸ԼǴִԽŴȻɱķˬĹ¡

˵˽¶һֻһ죬û뵽¥˹İ˼·±࣬µٻмٿ٣һһ߽رȤ

ʵһʼ̽¥˹©̫ˣʷûѧã߼ϻЩͨһŮ֪ഩԽƳΪһպĹѸɷͣȢϳԭŹŮӼͽıڣҲæŮ֪ഩԽͨһֺóճΪŮϰ壬һ˵ˣǾȻǵүһѣ͵ĳ·ԾԼĹֺõģŵԺĸ￪ˣȥдִԽģϾĴԽж֪ģҲûɶ£ռһȻ˵һپͳΪʲôȻ磬ܶܶǮ

ȻЩĻ룬û˼˵¥˹±ĺģΪס¥˹ףϾЩǺĴǵǻ۽ᾧ֪һͷɣ˵Ҫſѧһͨ󣬾ĬĬˣСɣ˵ƳʵͦϽģŮӵĻҲһıϣͣȢɷżҡС檡ȫ۸̫ܣԼƳǻûкЩ

¸ȥˡ

̸ɴ಻˵ˣȻŬ̡
û뵽¥˹׽Ĺ»ͦ˼ģȫǴͳС˵·ƽŹŴķ飬ͨеĹǰ·𻺻չһһȾɫ

¥˹׸˵ʱסѧУģסѧУҪǮǸ۸󣬺סѧУһʦһ룬ʦһû飬ܶ࣬ѧУĹʶȥˣ˶ĺݡҲÿ춼ԲʱͰó˾Ͳöˣʦܴ󷽣ֻҪŪˡ
ʷҲ˲٣Աģһһ߾ȣļٵġɡۡĸ̾

Ȼ¥˹ûʲô飬ÿôݵﻹǺõġ

ֻʱûվȻһҪЩ·ȥ
ҲżԺ˺ҲԽЩһ·ȥ˵׬Ϸѡ

¥˹׼̽£ýζŻ߹˹ҽԺŴϲһֱӰŲֱ̧һֻȼϣɵʱ򲻼Ⱦܣǰִʱ˯б֪˯ʱñӣֻ¥˹״պˡ
˵ĸ߶ȸʺϣѹ˵ȣԽ̧һܵȥˡ

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̾µľٶûﲻԣ˸Ƿ˵

¥˹ĻȥơܣҲ̲סġ
̵ĴȴϣСŸѹϣвλ

򴽣ֽ˺һſڣ˵䣬¾Ϳʼ

Ҳɹһ죬ůͺ͵ģ¥˹׵ĻҲůͣ§ڻϤϢϵͳ̺ܿͱ۾

¥˹Ҳ֪Լ˵Щʲôֲͣḧ̵ĺ󱳣ԼĵطֻЩ̡

ʵ˵ȥˣŤͷ̶ͷһڣ˯ɡ



˯һ̺¥˹׵ڶˣеæûþʹӴˣ¥˹ҲҪڴϴ·ú͵ƣȻȥ˳
طСһô΢еӾͶˣú͵õ˯Ҳܿ¥˹״·ȰѱӵãȻСŲϣԼ⣬漴ȥ˳̰æ

ȥǰæµСÿιȥеˣҪƽӣΪ˶һ˿ů⡣

վ̨ǰ棬׼ϳԳ棬þöûˣһһ߸¥˹˵Ҷ󳦣󳦱óԣˮˣʵ˱ȴóԶˡ

¥˹Ц¶һ˿ڴڴ̿еıóԣжδ
á

һ棬ˣûĸɴڹţ¥˹˳ԣʰ׼ˡ

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΢΢ˣӻųܳȥˡ

¥˹ײģ׷ſڣһ·ﳵ㡣

֪ܼҹ

־Զˣ¥˹ûҲ֪ʲôûûЦˡ

˲ˣ¥˹ײλص̫ˣú͵ƣƻƵģЩЩů¥˹εӱߣú͵ƴʡͣͻȻðĲ񻰵ӣЩԥ
˸ߣЩˡ

˯úãֳԵúãرогسȥسʱ仹磬Ǳ߻ûţֱȥ˲վû¥˹׵ĻһЩ߲ˣȻŹʱȥ˹硣
һ϶һֱŵ࣬ͷβˣ̲Ļȥˡ

¥˹ϣ˲ô΢еµĵطҪվȣȻصʱȶˡ

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ӳ̴СĶЦãôôడĶԵꣿ

̽ͣã⻰ڰ֣಻࣬Ҫġ

¥˹׿ﳵ죬ͷϳһƬ۵ëЪһ
Ҳû˵ֻЦҲû£ԡ

ǡ
æͷ

࿴ЦôĵӣʱЩģӵĴյһֱ˷ǰ¥˹ؿɿţز




68.  ʮ         ̺ܡ

̺׼˾ŵ, °æ̸¥˹̵Ҫϴ, ЩҪϴ飬Ȼζء

˲ͣæţ̲, ʮ, , ˻û, ÿһʱ, ʢǰֻ͵͵װһ㳢, °, ӹЦһġ
оԼռ˴ˡ

̺¥˹׹һ, һ㳢ھͰ¥˹, ¥˹Ҳϴ߲˵һ٣ϵˮԱĨɾ, Ȼԡ
ʱҲ⣬ǳպѵʱ, 㣬², һģС׼¥˹ײѶ࣬̽ʢʱ, ֱӽȫŪˣ֮ǰʲôȻһһ룬ܷʺմ֭ܺóԡ

¥˹׿̸Լһ룬ûóԣֻһС飬ֵݸˡ

̽ͼŽʱ̨ѳˡ

һ߳һ߸̫̾ˣ˭Ұôһò˵ģﶼ
ʱûôò˵ġ

ЦЦ˵¥˹ֻǾ÷ֻҪһģǾ͸ɴԺһ㣬ôҶĿġ

Ҳûб˼ֻЩЩòˣ֪ʮһֲǶǺõģôóԵģЩþ
ǴϲӣܲɨˣĻͲ˵ˡ

˵ʱ򣬳Ǿ͹ˣÿﶼŶ򶫴һǣ佨ŴɽһɡڹģҲвһģֻһ飬ëϯ¼Ҳ˵ãֻⱾ˭ﶼУⱾҲµģһ֪ǹռ˻췹Եġ

ǺЩϣһƯΧΧ͵͵СǰݼĹģµģû뵽øһ
뵽Ǹӵģϲ԰ãҪ͵ıȱ˲ˣҲȥ

˵̲סһ䣬ܱȷ͸ͷã˭أ
ͷһëǮʮȻֻҲ˼

ЩˣЩ̡¥˹ײֵ

Ǹ˾ͲҪ˵ʲôˣǸûûƤġ

̵ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ҲЩ⺫͵Ĺ͵õľ̽ӹʱ£ëģʽҲ̸ӵġ

̺صˣӢҲæ¥˹дˣ˵ļ̰ѳ򶫺佨ȥһӳʹӳûпգҪпҲԿڲˡ
ǲ뺰˵ģ֪㼸˳һ٣̿һòˣƾɶܳϣȴӳʹӳ˼Ҳܿһ㡣

ˣ繫СѧУ¥˹Ժ쵼ǾͿˣʱ˵֪ǼԺп롣

򶫺佨ͷȥӳӳӣ̱㽫гӳڹߣǲԶ

ûã佨ʹŴӳˣһСӣֵһųӳҲˣŴɽǽĳᵽȥ̽һʢ󣬱㽫¹ˣʣµĽ࣬ӡ

ǽϡ˺ɫ֣ҲУ̽ݸԼ·¥˹·Ѿˣ̸˼ɫıףҲˣ̺¥˹ǰһ컨͵һˡ

˴ӢϻЩĽĽǽ·鶼д·ģǻ裬һ·ܽʮӡȻ̺¥˹״ĲǺ·ɱȺ·öˡ
ȻĽĻã統֪࣬Сѧʦ¥˹ҲҪԹҷˣȻˣֲǺòˡڶ˵ʲôˣ֮ǰԳЦ֪̾¥˹׳һʲôãҪǻҲԸޡ

ûע⵽վںķ۾ڳĿŴ߳ˡ

ӵʰãǾ͸Ͻȫ˳ƴյӣڲ£ӳʹӳЩȣǸˣûܳԶٺõġ

ʮΧãе㼷ˣǴӳӳ̺¥˹ײ棬ҶˣҲʲôһףȺ¥˹Բƾһվ¥˹Ӳ㣬ֻϣӳӳһ佱Ϳʼӳԡ

ΪдӳӳڣҲ˼Ӱ첻ÿϾǶ֪࣬ǳģ¿ӵٶһ㶼ˣҶš

̡¥˹סȻǰ߳ԣܼԣ̣ԼУ¥˹׼У¥˹ϲ쳤첲ȥԶĲˣվ󳦺Σó¥˹׺ϲˡ¥˹ϲҲϲǰûԹ˭Ǯζɧһ˻ܲˣλе࣬Ҳ÷ͷΣôóԡ

һٳԵı˵˵Ŀ϶˶ڣ̲ˣ˳˸⣬֭׷ɾ̽˶

Ա㣬ҲŸ˵ûҪǮƵģϲ̺¥˹׽飬ףǳþãӡ

˻ҪϹҲöˣһʰӳʹӳӳߵʱԼһˡ
֪ļæҲҪʲôҪǽϴɾ󽫽͵һͻر˼ȥ˳ɨһµ棬е࣬йͷ̣ҲҺԵģȻﻹζ

֪㼸ߵʱ򣬰̽껹ȥˣ̸һӣǻȥʱ򣬸ץһѹӳԡ

ֱʱӢס͵͵ղҺʹɽ¹ʱ򿴵ˣСһ㣬ǹϲƣɫѿ
ѾѿˣֱҪɱˣֻҪ붼ÿ¡
ӢҲ£ҪǾǸŮ˹ֺ˵ģһ

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ˣ̻سĲûȫЩֻ㣬ǺȣЩ±˿ԳԺü졣

¥˹Ҳæ̸˵ЦҪͺˣǾȥ±ˣЩ˱ֺóԣ϶кܶ򡣡
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¥˹ʲô̲֪ƾտһС͹ݣСҲ׬Ǯġ

¥˹ײ֪ѾôԶˣ˼һôһġ
󣬵ܿ϶

һʲô·ڹ飬ֽ׶ˣΪһ˿ں͵һҿܻһЩ·統걻裬ֽ׶β̫ϽһЩߣһá
ӹԽУڣҲںЩȵһʱЩ϶ָģһһµġķʽֻ֣ʱѡ

δȻ֪ǲú£û뵽¥˹׻ôȷش¶ɫ
¥˹ЦЦûйĽ͡
ڰϸѧ˵ЩӰ첻á

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¥˹űӼǣЩҲˣ⻰Цˣ֪Ҫˣ

ƲƲ죬뵽ָ߿ûĿЩ˽顣
ܿЦˣĲ˵ͳ򶫿϶еʲôŴɽͳӢǶ̸ˣӦҲ˰ɡ

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ѵӢŴɽǺܺãļʲЩӢǰ˵
ûӣ˽ȰӢ飬ʱҪǻسˣ˿»Թϡ

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69.  ʮ         ¥˹׽

¥˹׽ŴɽӢ˵һ, ʵҪ˵ĸ鲢ûƽʱֳôãŴɽӢسǱȶԷҪ
¥˹ײ̫, ϲҪһһϲ֣̳һ, Ҳ, Լ˵Ҳһ, ȻҲ, Ӧ޸

ﲻ֪ʲôζ, ֪ܶδ, û취, ֻǵͷ, Ҷˡ

Щ, û뵽¥˹ƽʱһˣ۲ľȻôϸ־, Ͼԭ¥˹ΪǣҳΪһҵС
뵽̲סһ, ҪԺܻسˣָ˸߿, ʲô

кΪһӣ˼еǮ¥˹ײòϴ̵·ӣȻһʼ, ҵˮ
̺֪Ҫ¥˹һʼѡԺʲô

¥˹ƺûо쿪濼⣬¶һ˿ЦݣлĻӦûȥѧоڴѧ

̾ȣѧʦ

¥˹ЦЦ

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ˣ뷨ʵʻкܴģԺô˭˵׼
ǰ뵱ء

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¥˹ױܳԣԴӴҽԺ¥˹׵һȫ̰ˣҲǶమ³ˣϲԣϲԼż³ǱϾżҲѾ¥˹ˣԺȺ˺󣬼Ҫֵ֮֮Ͱ

ȻҲһ㶼ɨزϴˣЩе

¥˹ЦŴӦˡ

æرиɾܾʱ佫°뱲ӵĿȫˡ
¥˹Ҳ̵ź򣬿ҲǾĸһһ죬ϧɡ

Ѿˣ¥˹һʵҲ䣬ԴϤ䵭ЩĮʵǸе㸹ɧļһ
ڵʱ׽֪ʱҽԺʱܿƣǣǣ֣ԴҪûڣʵӴĺܣͷԼеףеܣһʼûĵط룬Ϊ¼ûɨɾ˯ź󱻳Ӷˣ¥˹£ô˵ģɫº͵֣˵ȥسͽ´ɨһ顣

࣬Ҳû룬ߵʱɨ顣
ˣ촽ɫȻûж󣬵нСϱϹʱЩžϲ˵һЩ뻰Ҳˡ

Ҳɵӣ࿴ۺᣬȻµʲô˵Ҫгôֻֻ촽ҲʹֱĪ
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Ȼϳ극ϴú̺¥˹ϴ¥˹ڴϿ飬Ҳ鿴ԤϰϿεݡ
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֪Ե˷·͵һ̣̿ȥʱͻȻһסͷ촽

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˽ߣ໥ڶԷϡ

ܸܵжһֻѹףˣƺûоĵֿ׵ֻһŲƵϡ
ʲôһ̽ĿУϴιʱдĶȻˡ

Ժз룬һѧϰǿòǽ˯͵͵ѧ˰ɡ

۾Ĵģ¥˹ôָǣסһߡ
ﱾͺڣٱڵʲôˣҲˣʹΪ̣΢΢ٵĺܵ۾󣬴һƣĶ䡢......

ЩԲС⣬ʶԺ֮ʣҲ֪Լʲôʱ̹ˣһ𣬴δйܡ
¥˹׽ŲߣסĶ䣬еĵطһҧ˾ͽס

ͷƤһʱʶס壬ҲԾ

˺䷢һʹƺߣƺоʲôҲʱһ̣Ȼմճ塣
ʶ񣬻۾˻ûзſĶ䣬׾ֱܵϷŪţȻӶŲ°ͣһǣ·Ʒʲôζ

̸еȻ˲䱬졣
ǰС˵ʱЩǿһҹߴΣʲôߴ޴󣬵ʱΪߵ̶Щ̫ðϾЩߵѷԶһģЩС˵еûвģԾû̫ĸо
ܵˣ̲̾סĿֱԺĪֺܶƼĻ档

룬ԽԽ졣

źţƺиоˡ

ŵøϽ֣ԶԱŲһ㣬¥˹ƺҲûʲôˣĶֻ۾ţںģ̾ǿڴϻɫĻ档
۸

´ƺ͸ˣڴϣϵıңѾƵؿڴؿڵ΢Լ¶ȳƵļ⡣
ڴϣںڵӺˮ΢ŴϢȾŷɫ°ϻоӨˮգӦǸղʱմϵĿˮ



̿һ۾ͲҶ࿴ˣϽȥˮϴ֣ղôһͨ϶ˣϴ´ˮԼ򵥲һ¡
±⣬ˮһֱţˮװˣ׼ãڿסˣԼ꣬ʣµİƿˮȫˣ˻ط¥˹á

¥˹ҲӴ̽ˮëݸͽ˹ȥϻָĵݲȵĽԼϲ˲¡

̱Ťͷģβע⵽ëͽʱæŤͷֹһϴë
ô

¥˹һ㶣ʶëóϤĻƲŷӦԼʲôЩȻûע⵽˭ë
ӻͣڸղŵĻС
ģ˼Ľëݸһ

̵һָۣëסȻӵ˳ȥˣ׼ϴ

ӳ̴ϴ¥˹Ѿڴˣʱ¥˹ֱסˣȻǡ
΢ô̵ĶͷͻȻ˵һ䣬һᾡġ

......



һҹΡ

ڶһ̾ˣ¥˹ϴ·
ϳ극̾ȥѧУϿˣ¥˹ȥ˹񴦣¿εĿ϶һϢ




70.  ʮ         ¥˹׹

¥˹׹ĲֻҪǰһ·, ǱһŵͰש߷ӣש߷ΧһԺӣǹίԱ, Ҳǹ쵼ǹĵط̺¥˹סһСӣ챾׼쵼ӷģѧĳ﹤Ա䷿һף֪Ӳͬ, ֻ, 칫Ҳ, Ų˼칫ҹ
¥˹ֵܷķ, Ҳռ˴, Ͼ쵼Ƕסϡ
С, û˵

̺¥˹һȥϰ, ¥˹׵, ·, ǲʵ·һ·ƹȥûʲô
̽¥˹Ƶ칫ˣǰӰͳˮһֽ, ֽʳ˾ͳԡ

̰ѰˣȻؼ, 򷹡
¥˹׵ͷѾϤ, ȥÿ¶죬ûнʲôġ
·㡣

̻ӻˣȥǰѧУ

ֻڿΣʱ칫ҵʦһһѹ, ǰεʦ͵͵һǹ
Ҷ֪ˣûĴæϾҲʲôúõʦǸڴӵˣ޸˹績ŮεĶӣŻڹСѧʦʸ񣬵ȻҲǴѵõĳˣдһƯ֡

֪Сʦ˵׵飬Ҳʮ£ҿ۾ͰˣںӶ
ҳ̵ĹӺǣЦ˵ϲҲûôǳԷĻϾҲûô̫죬̫ģҲ˼˵ȥ˾Ҫӹȥ᲻ãʱ˭Ӷù

ѩ࣬û˵ʱ򣬸һƯıӣ˵ǹϲ顣

̱Щ˼Ͼ֮ǰ˼ҵ̥ģû뵽ô󷽡
ˣȻЦ˵лл

ڿûΣ̺Сʦڰ칫Ҹҵ칫ﻹе䣬˼һ̽ˣĵĻͶˣСʦͦ¥˹׵ģ֮ǰ̺ѩߵĽΪǻн֪̲ͻȻ¥˹׽ˡ

¥˹ǰҲȥ͹ɡ˳÷ǳÿ͸ݵġ֥ò˰ƵģȻû˰˱ȹŴ˰ӦҲȥ˵ôÿˣԺҲÿˡ
˿е䣬ÿζվſڰصţ̣˵ˡ

¥˹ױɽ£СʦҲ֪һ㣬ǸŮΣ﷢ǼҶ֪ŻڼǸŮԱ˵鷳˾

ʣȻǾܵؿ¥˹׺ã˵Ըᣬ˵Ǯ

СʦĽĲУȻڹȽϺõģĸӶǮҲŹܣƽʱʲôС

Ҳ֪СʦŶŻỤ͵клɣһסһԻչˣһĽء

СʦͷĸȷʵãÿĩؼһˣʵҲǺ֪ǵҪ˵ĽҲá

˵¥˹ףСʦò꣬˿ΧûˣŸѹܻ֪˹ɽǸ꣬ǰӵķˡ

......ļٵģ

ȻģƭʲôڷӼϱ¹ץ˶ڷɻ£֪ܲźʵһˣѾʮһˣϱǸݵģֵ˸ŮӳȻⲻУŻȥˡ

˵˷ܣһ飬ɴ۾һ˼ĿСʦСʦķӦ¶ɫ֪˲ִ࣬ҪΣ󷽼˰ѹȥˣ͵͵˵ģ˵ϱؼƿʱڴ϶أ˵ϻѪֱû



ıϢ𾪵İزȻµ껻˱˹ԣôû뵽ô޵ߣԷȻǸмҵġ
Ѫ˵һˡ

Ƿ˰ɣ˵¥˹ʧܵĳͷ̫أ䲻ˣ˸սСķӣ
Щ֪˵ʲôãС˵ʱ򣬻ĽЩϵͳнָŮǣҲһǺ¡

磬̴ݷûؼң¥˹Ѿˣɨɨء
̻¶ЦȻ̽ݳԷ

緹ˣ˿̲ˣ࣬µķ٣õ´ɸףԷһãǾǹܱһʦͻ򣬲֪ÿֻܳԸ߷ֱ

ڴǰԷ̽Ϣ¥˹˵ǰԥһ£룬ѾûʲôϵˣԺҲû¥˹ף¾Ǹͨԣʲô˵ģ
̱㽫ͷӵ˵Ϊ¥˹»һ£û뵽¥˹ʮֵԼ´ɸ˿鶹̳ԣͺãܡ

һ£㲻𣿡
һİԶסˣû뵽Ȼס

¥˹Ťͷüʲôþȵģó¡
ûСʱײǸŮڼ˸£ʱֲһ¡
ǸŮûʲô

죬ðɣ͵û˵

ԹԱ죬ҡҡͷпƵķһ䣬̼
Ϊܱصģ£֪ͷߣ

......

¥˹ûһ鶹ס˵С졣



˰֮ӹþͿˣ¥˹Ҳڹ﹤ÿһ飬ĩϢһ죬͸ϰһ
¥˹׵Ĵ̺ãСѧڲѧϰʦԱȲϣԱڿĻһʮ֣Сѧʦһǰ˹㡣
ȻСѧʦɣһĶô̫

¥˹µҪǷʳҲǮȻƱƱͦģʵǮƱѵãܶ˼˲ƱΪûǮôһֱţƱƱƱûá
ԹⷽƱĲͱȽ϶࣬ÿ̶ҪȥسԣҲѧʡǮˣĶЩֺóֱˡ
ÿǹʱ˵̺¥˹׳ˡ

֮ǰŻؼңոĸܿҲдŻƺòᣬһžͿʼǮûԣ
¥˹ҲдŸոĸˣҲ֪дʲôٴյӵʱѾлС¥ˡ

ĸʱһĿѾдػؿаˣĸ̷ٵʱģ̷ҲûЪţ˹ɨäʦڼ˯ȥѧУʦ
¥˹׵Ѿˣ̸ˮˮúãӹ˳ģһ֢ûС

ĸͻȻԭ׼Լҹ֪̫ϵ·ɴ˸绰¥˹׽ӵ󣬼æ˸٣Ȼгȥسǽĸ

¥˹״ĸصʱ̻ڴ˯š

ĸһžͿڴϵˣ......
ô죬ϴǸŮ




71.  ʮһ         ĸһ

ĸһ˹, ¥˹׻صҵʱѾˣСгҵ, Ҳ֪һôùġ

ĸ¥˹綼ûԣ̴Ӵĸɵʱ¥˹ȥ˳ĸԣﻹʣһЩûԵ, ¥˹װԳ, ʱʱһЩ, һЩ, Ÿϳųԡ

¥˹׸һ, ܶҲѧ, Ļܲ
ڹҨưˮ, ˮȺŽȥ, Ӻ, ˮһ£Ȼ󽫹ȷ͡

ڹ, ˣ绹ཷ˿ûȫ, ˴׼ϸ¥˹һ, ¥˹׽ûཷ˿ȫˣһ𷭳
ʢڹ

ܿ, ¥˹ĸٵڴϵ̣ԼسԼǷݡ

ҲȻˣ˯һֶֿˣҲܳһ㶫

ĸֻ֪¥˹ףڽۿˣһٸ⣬ƾղһ·Ůչˣ֪ԼŮûҴˣСǸӺõģ̤̤꣬ʵʵġ

ڿһ͸Լһ棬滹ýɫļܿ⺢ϸչˡ
ͺֻСҪ¹ӣڿŹŮʱĶˡ

ĸ¥˹׸ϽЪţ¥˹׸ĸһˮţ˲ŶԼڴǰĵϳԣŴ

̺ĸڴϣĸŮһ߳һ˵ôͻȻˣҲǰ˵һպʱ䣬Ȼȥ㡣

ĸڰ֣ʲôѽͻȻ£ʱ˼٣ҪдŸǵĻ˶Żû
˵꿴ЦˣԹء

̶뵽ոѹӣŴЦһ䣬û°ɣ

ĸҡҡͷʲô£ëˣͿʲôʱ˰ɣҾݣؼҸǴӡ
˵Ŀ̺¥˹ףǿ¥˹ף۾ЦˣԼŮŮôÿԺŮ϶ÿ

̺¥˹⻰Ǻһڣûĸ裬˵ʲôأ»ء
¥˹ڻ׼ӣѾ¥˹ˣȼ׼̾ԼڻСӶ岻á

¥˹ģسҽԺ˸ȫףʱİȫ׽Сסܺظʹãÿϴɾϻʯ۱档¥˹Ȼûõʱ˾ͷϵˣʱлͦģϾǰںź죬дʩеģҲǺ鷳ĻŮԱУǳҩʲôӹñڷúƤޣ¥˹׾óҩ岻ã˽

ĸǲ֪СӵĴ㣬ΪǺ˲˼˵ЦŴȤʲô簡ʱҾ͸ǴڳܵĲǺˣǳһζӾˣ˺Ӻûũ廧ڣǴسˣǸξȥ˵ڼſڼĺӣ˵Ǳ˶ģǼԸǺӲǼðѾˡ

û뵽ôɣҲˣҲܿڳǲôϸˣڻسҲûʲôԭУȥؼң˿ڵģҪڼڽǰ͸Ͻ£޻ᱻץ˵̡

ĸ˵һЩȻ¥˹˵Ȼǰϵ˵ĲȫܶĸҲҲ·ӡ
ھͷˣ¥˹ҲʲôԼһһʮĸ˵˵Լĸ˵ǰĳɳĸһۣ⺢ӹ̫ˣ¥˹ֻȥϴʱĸ̵Ժ۸С¥⺢ࡣ

û˸ײ˵̯裬С͹żµ治ףԼŮ񵽱ˡ
ôõĺӾڳҲҲ

뵽ĸСֻǸǰ컹дŹ˵ʶһӣӱһ쵼ŮˣŮӺü꣬иӣʱ򻹿㣬ڼ˰ɣãֱڵ绰˵Ѿˣɰˣ˵˳ˡ
һ뵽£ĸ;ó˿ڴŮﲻˣƯһֺòˣҲã˭˶ϲպľȻϣûӺء

Ṇ̀ʵﻹͦмûԼģȻǻҪǾܾոĸ²ͬġ
и˵Ե֡

´ĸĶ𿪿ȣĸҲôЩĶ龫ͷЩñġЩĶ̺¥˹׵·ףް޿㣬кü˫ЬЬģ涼Ǻ޻ް޿ڳ÷һǲȵģﻹ·ӣʱҪʲôëӣ·Ѽëë˵·ůͣʱҲС¥

û뵽ֺ£붼ӦһһȻҸ㻭ʽǸҺ˹ǳһǳ·
˵һ㶼

ĸ⻰Цˡ

ûʲôˣĸˣܲǳԺײˣʵĸûãҲģ߲Ϊ仹ʣ£Եֻ߲Ҫȥժˡ
̺¥˹ҲأӺ棬ʱǻæˣ˸դΧȦ˰ײˡ⡢Сඹӡƹϡס
¥˹˳ԡ

棬¥˹׻ӣһֻҲ׼ģ鷳ûˣԼֱӸԱĻûʲô⡣

ǽģ⻹̸˵ģҪᣬؼҸʱ˵ȫԷչһҵũ棬߳ĶռˣԷɽԼҳԵģļʺɽľͷҲȽϺãɽ켦ʺ嵽Ҳʡ

¥˹׾鲻Ȼ͸һ£дƪȥˡ
飬ļ࣬ֻ׵ʱЩ͵ȥһСĽˡ

˶ʶ¥˹ף򼦵ЩͼҪȥģ˭Ǯ¥˹Ҫһֻܸɴˣĸģ¥˹û
˹ʮ

¥˹ûֱӻȥתȥ֪㣬֪Ѿ¹ˣ¥˹ûȥѳ򶫽г˵仰ĸˣȥسˣҲԶٷǵðͽϡ
֪㣬ߵľ֮ǰİܶ࣬¥˹׶

ЦˣǸá
뵽кóԵģＤ

¥˹Ҳ˵ʲôͷЦˣ˼˵ӳ¥˹׹˵ʲôѽô

˵ʲô¥˹ѾûˣֱӴ󲽻˼ҡ
ֳ֪̾ԶˣǺ£Ҳÿϧ

¥˹׻صңѾڳˮˣȣĸһ

¥˹һֻȥɱȡѪһζû˷ѣȻӹҨһ迪ˮμë

ĸӺŻƹϺӣ׼Ͼͳ¥˹ڳſڰμë֪ΪԼƷˣһۣļôСٳԶá

¥˹׻࣬ĸô˵˶٣ƽĻ˾䣬ģԿȥ򡣡
ش棬һһۡ

ĸЦˣҪǻԼҹŮһ﷢
⺢ôʵϡ




72.  ʮ         ա

̺ĸһ, ¥˹׳ſմӹһľľǰѧУģǰҲѧ, ·ԶѧסУʲôǮԼʳʳþˣȡ߿ѧŸû, ҪѧĻȥ, Ҫȥس, ֻ, ǹɲĺ, Ҷѧϰ

ѧУѾ, Щɴ, ѷӻ, ˵ǰҵļҾ߸ĵ, ľͷǺõģǳʱ䲻Щȱ첲ȣˡ

¥˹װ, ȻôŪһһ׶Сǽǣ׼ϰᵽڳ˯, ĸˣܲȥسдס, ֪Ҳ㣬˺Ŵͱ˷˶, Ų

һСĢ˻ƹ˿ӣһΧԺԵģСĢﻹ˰ɽö࣬ˣ¥˹ܵɽȥժҰҲ֪ǲãҰûͦ󣬵ȻȲ˼ǰİ
ζȴûʲô𣬳ŷ۷ŴŴģ˼õķŽͼһũζʮ㡣

СĢ֭ζʣԷǰ̾Ҩ˼֭׷ϣģȻָĸ¥˹Ҩ˼ӣһȼĸԵ㡣
Զһˡ

ĸҪŮôģϽſӸ̺¥˹׼УҲһ㣬ңҳԼС
˵ԼһӾȴ⡣

ˣ̺¥˹ҲѧһЩصϰߣɽժеľɹԣСѾ˲ˡ

ĸĲˣο˽ԼۿǲһģСȻطСҲ࣬ĸɸɾζҲ࣬ɼСӹûͦζģ˵ڳҲһܹĵ
ڳ﹤ңйϵȥҲһֵܷסôһӣסʮڣһʲôģˡ

극ϴúһھ죬ĸǸˣѵһζ»ͦģ̾Ŷ˵һ˵Ҫ¥˹׽£ѧУѧ¥˹׵ͬ£֪Ǳ˵ˣҪǱԶһЩ֪Ĳࡣ

ĸȤ̱ҴȥɽϹ䣬ɽϺöҰժȥԡ
ĸЦŵͷ

˯ǰ¥˹׽ᵽȥˣ̱һűȥţȣҪǱӣü·Ƕӡ

̱ӵʱ¥˹׺˵򶫹Է£˲һ䣬ȥس⣬㿴ûʲôҪģ

붼͵ֻͼŹǣҲȥۣ۲ˡ
⼸óԵĸĸĿһ㡣

¥˹׵ͷ̺ñվ߽˱ڻͷĶͷеһ̣ƽʱֻ˵ʱ޲ýճԼϡ
΢΢һſˣ¸ĸˡ

̸оͷһ̣ɿ£Сֺõί죬ˣҸóԵġ

¥˹Цֵͷá
ԴԣЩ

Ŀһۣתˡ

ĸѾڴˣǱȽϱصģסһ£ֻί¥˹״ڳˣȣӱȽ϶࣬Ҳ֪¥˺ϳԲԵ



˯һڶ¥˹첻гˣᣬûѸ˯ĸŮ
ﳵسʱ¥˹׾ֱȥ廨⡢㡢Źǣ󳦡ͷͷ⣬ȥ磬ҪŶӵģʱ߸ɱһͷëʡ
¥˹ĴȽƵߵԱʶˣҪ¥˹ĺãһĶǰҲһһʦ˽˻飬СѾˡӡ

ߵʱ򣬴ʦ¥˹һѪѪǰͷģɱ磬ѪѾˣʦһƹͷ¥˹װһӣЩѪЩ˵ĸԣѾʲôöˣܶ˶ϣ¥˹ҲΪ¥˹Ķ࣬о֪¥˹ĸˣúñ֡

¥˹׵лҴųˣתȥ˹Ӫ˼ӣŸĸ緹ӣȥһСۡ
ϴǮƱȫˡ

¥˹׽ϻص磬صҵʱĸѾˣ磬˺ϴסɴ緹̼ĸѵùһΣųԵʵģʣµ࣬ըһżΣżƹ˿߲ҶӣĨԼĽϣһȻùһΪŰڵݡ
ʣµ׷ˣһͣġ
θڴ󣬲³Բ

¥˹׻ʱڳкϽϴ緹ĸµڸţϰ࣬ҲԶˣֻӺתתµķ羰治ʲôģסߣ鶼ˡ

ݺŮϹҵģô˵ֻ֣ôණ˷ǮԼųԡ
ģŲס

Ѿˣ̸Ͻȥ¥˹ףϵĶжϽȥϴˢ¥˹׹Թȥ裬֮ǰԼİӵݸ̡
Ϊû٣緹ǰ÷ڹģû뵽Ȼˡ

ĸʰһʰһ߶һǮڳɼˣðǮţȻԺ˺ô죬СӳܿģԺȢϱ˶ҪǮҺͶˣ֪չǼꡣ
˵ǳʲôãǲӡ

Ҳ֪ôȰĸƽʱ¥˹׹ʵͦڼģҲÿܶ⣬ҲˮЩ¥˹׶˵ˣϼҲһǮĿĬĬڵۣʡ׷ӡ
˵Ҳûʲôżģ߿ˣͺ¥˹׻سǶ飬¥˹ڼҿ飬ϵĿˣĸ߿ġ

ȵ˳ȥ򷿣Լĸոʡһ׷ӣոĸ˴뱲ӣһеģ׷϶ոĸסǹķӣʱջȥĿԡ
﷢չ࣬¥˹׶˺ʱֻԽԽá

¥˹׿ϴãȻæĳ֪꣬ϰȥæİȻֽ˺üţһӺθ·ϳԣּͬ£˶ȥɣҪŵˡ

¥˹׵ͷһһ߳ԣ˺ܿûӰӡ

ĸẈ̂һͻȻЩңҹŮûյĻ޸ͺСǶӣãž;ùġ

극̽±ˣĸȥ䣬Ϊ±⣬㲻ˣ뿪˹͵ԡ

ĸҲһҪȥ棬˹뿴ŮŮһ𣬱ȿʲôá
֪֪˹ĸæҪòдһ⼸ˣмƽʱԹŮŮİ

ԵǹʱͼһӺòˡ




73.  ʮ         ĸǸ

ĸǸ, һк³ԷԸ̡¥˹ȥÿϣϾ÷, ɽҰ÷ӣɹɼӵˮȣȽ̸ͻһ, ζȺӼ÷, ̺¥˹׶, ΪдҲһ

Ǽĸÿ, һһú, һЩ, æõ, ΪĴæ, һ¹͹, ϻͣߵԶˮϴ֡
˵ˮʵǵ쵼ѧųˮŪһĲ, ԭǿھѹˮԵ֣Դù쵼Ȩ, ڶԳĸ磬߽һŷӷ쵼, ﹤ԱˮѾзѹˮˣҲҪһŪˮˮ, ʲôǳĺá

ƫƫˮûˮãÿšķͷҪȰˮˮ󣬻Աѹˮͳˡ
Ǹڼ칫ҵĸÿ춼ִ˲ƣˮƺͺͳһˡ

ʱ򻹴ñĴϺ¹·ϼģȣϺȫ·һ·һ·໹˵ɽ߶ⶫкܶݣǵϲԣҾͼһЩ

̶ǴϺˣûϹЩǶóţҲûߺߣ֪ϺģǸö·̯һ̶ҪʮǮ
Ϻơƾ䣬ϧûơơ

¥˹׽ϺͰøɾˮţһϵͣȻк˳Է

ˣ̲ˣԵȻ졣

극ˣ̺ĸҲ̸ɴĸȥӺɽ߼Ϻղ˵ϺĶϰߣֱ
Ϻó԰СϺˣнζƾܳ뷹

ĸȻ̵ģС·Ұ⣬еȣΪΧɽľȣµȣֽˮ͹עȣֻŸܵ

ϸϸ﹡ϣĸΧһ޾ˮɽϵɳͲ޻ڴСڳﳤĸ˵İҲܣôĵأҪ˸֣ܳһ˶ȵܲˣ˵Ҫȥˣ붼֪жࡣ
ĹŮ֪Ҫߴã

̵ûĸôƸУĸҪˣŶһϺøĸڻϳԣºö治࣬ҪеĻҲͱ˼ˣҰӣȥϹʱɽϷһҰ˻һȥɽժ֪ҵɽȥʱҰֻʣˡ

߲̫ϺˣҲǴҲ÷ŵζϣҲǣⶫζЩԲȥ̴ĸҹȥʱ˵Ϻͷʮִ

ĸŮ˰Ͱȥصҵʱ¥˹Ѿˣ̴ĸʰϺϺͷϺββϺ߳ǸƵ̳̣ǩӴмûǩͲӣֱקϺβƿغһק˳ͽϺ߳ˣĲС

ĸŸɻ̣һᣬԼŮܿˣǰһˣʲôˣĻá

̲֪ĸô࣬ŪЩѾˣ̸ɴĸߣðѺܶණϣͷĸ·ϳԣ簾һ޽ȥ֮ǰˣʱųԣóԵĽǵ⣬ǰʱϸ裬;ıûĳ㣬ʱ̼Ϻ⣬࣬Ҫõġ

ˣһ۷ţæЩѾˣȳһඹͰײˣȻСϺ

ĸûԹСϺ˵ûϺ˲࣬ԵĲ˶ǴӲվģվÿԱһ峵Ĳȥվȫ߲ЩȥԴḻ⻹õˣûǰӸࡣĸԼŮֶŵʱú棬Ƿһ˲һǺ˵ζ
̴سӣʱҪ

¥˹׻ʱԶԶŵζˣò˵ȻҲ㣬ž˿ˮ
Ӹڼ칫·ʱҲ˴Щһһ߻ͷС߶ţʲôóԵˣ

¥˹ЦԺһȽϺá

̳һСϺװʱһ붼װ£ʣµϺĻͰţóʵģ÷һ϶óԡ
Ϻĸһ˾ͳһ룬һ߳һֱţⶫóԡ
ĺóԣĸûôζĶ

¥˹ԱЦһ߸Լһ߸̰ҲЦгˡ

극¥˹׼컹磬ȥɽҰ

ҰⶫӣֻСӵʳʱСҪɻҰ˷ʱȥңǸɻ·ʱŪһųԡ

¥˹żɽģʱڵ극컹ǴģժһҰʱ΢΢ڣ̺ĸѾϴˣˮ̽ӹеӣȥϴŪ

¥˹׵ͷһˣ϶Ǻ

ſСŪëİһŲë棬üڽİֻһĸֻԱ߿ĸһȣһȷһӡ
ǺЦһԼŮһԶķ羰ŮŮТ˳ֻѵá

ǰŲϲҲ˽³ЦֻһŮǼҪˣ˵ʲôĻУյ뷨ܼ򵥣ֻҪŮƽƽͺãָԺʲôģֻǵ˺ܴźӻС

;ã˭˵ŮǮ̶ԶТ˳˸õŮ

¥˹ϴ裬̰ûŪ꣬¥˹ĸϢӶࡣ

ĸСڣҲˣЦЦˡ
ﻹȣá

ĸһߣ̾Ͱ¥˹׿ϺʹⶫѰ㿴ˡ
ŪʱҪ̻ĺӡ

¥˹ָ࣬ңŪ
һţ˳ùеļ

ЦˣԱʹ˼·磬ԵƵȣ˭ö˵á

¥˹ױЦˣǹǳǳĻȣȼ¡

ٸ˼£ۣɴཫŲ˸򣬺ţ˶ȵˡȻ˵ǽڵʱȥ˵Ұֺ㣬˵Ƕˣô˵ҪȥҿҪȥĹǰ˵һʱǴڹȥأ
ĸ˵ͦеģܲһֱȥҪ㶫ȥ¥˹׸ǰһˣĸ˼ûȥ¥˹ĸ￴̾ˣ¥˹ĸȥûӣʲô

¥˹϶һ٣ܿûһϵĶƺ˼һ£ԣǹڻȥڻȥҡ
ֵģϣ̱ЩֵĲ졣
ӵЩ֪һ£һ¡

ûͷЦŵϸ˵һ

ڣ¥˹׺̲Żȥû꣬ѾСˣҲ٣һ¾ͺˡ

¥˹׼˯ϴִӳǵŽݣǰ¥˹Ƶ͵͵һڣ¥˹Щýֿ̾˿

ܸܵı仯Щ죬ƿϵıϣǵ
Ӳ׼ÿǿ¥˹ףƽʱ˯ǰֱǷͷµġ

¥˹ſڣ··̣˺þãȻĺš

ĸڴϿһĻᡣ
뵱գҲûô

ڶ賿㣬¥˺׾ˣһ̾ˣϽӴĸ˯Ҳûú͵ƣС˴ȥ˳ȻŹǷʼ׼緹
ԣʡʱʡǣǰ¥˹ȽСϺˣСϺʱۣ̾ŪúͿʼˣ±ͷЩʱеɴһһڹﳴȻǱСϺһ˿棬һĸ¥˹һһ
СϺװ룬һϳԵģһװĸ·ϳԡ

ʢڹˮõİгͷ

ŪЩŽĸϴ緹

ĸ¥˹׳ʱ̾͸ĸһ飬ûʲôǴģµһֻС¥˹¹ģĸȥոԣ̶ɱ˰θɾëȥֱУһƿһƿСϺ⣬һõඹһɹɵľһҶ

棬¥˹׻ȥ˺԰ժѰײˣӺͼƹϡ

Ų࣬ʰҲһĸڵϣ뿴СڸԼæ۾Цˡ
Լ£ÿȥӼһԹԼǱķ˵ɵûһûͻȻûãһŮ

æЩѾĵˣ컹ûܸĳ̽İͷøɾĲãһŽϸϸ裬Դȥԣܷ죬ͷ·϶˾ͳԣҪǾûζͼСϺԣСϺҪ꣬Ȼ׻ˡ

͵ſڣ߶߶ͣ᲻ˡ

¥˹׽ڳͷϹҺãȻĸڳ

ĸϳͷЦŶ̻֣ȥ˯һܿˣĺܿġ

ҲŬ¶Цʵһ

¥˹ϳˣܿʧ
ںĸ͵͵۾Ȼ¥˹׺󱳣С¥ͻȥˣ̶ǺúӣҪúõģ¶ҸڳԶæҲѣҪԼԷҲƽʱദпվǹԶٷ᲻ûǮ˵ʲôʱҪǰæˡ

ЩȻӣȴӵģ¥˹ܸܵĸ۰ǰһˣЩůҲ΢ᣬСΪ˵Щˡ

¥˹ɳƵһ

¥˹׺ĸã˸յվƣͿдͳͣţҲ¥˹ÿ죬ڲһЩĸ˵Ļͱ˴ϳˣǰ᲻õĿ¥˹ףúչ̣ҲúչԼ

¥˹׵ͷ·Сĵ㣬עⰲȫ

á

ȳԶˣ¥˹ײųȥ

µǲżˣΪˣ¥˹úɣܿ͵ˣҵʱʮ࣬ϰʱϰ˵㣬ƽʱû

¥˹׽ƻسֻһûʰõıӱطڴˣ̫ˣҲû˯ãĸĵҹ
˯˻

¥˹Žӷڳ걻Ӻϣ˯̣Ҳ֪ҪʲôƽʱȻϴߵţѾϴãһ棬һСʱ
Ҳǰȥ칫ң칫ûˣƽʱҶǲȵȥģеĻٵȥ˸ġ

¥˹̵ƺˣֱӷ

¥˹׿ıӰЦЦ

һ¥˹ɫѵԼЬӡӡ

ũϵ¶ȲߣЩ˿˿ģ˯ĺûʲôӣÿҲʱ˯ȡ˯ú죬˸ΣεԼصǰڼҹգ￪ſյһƯСȹӣﱧһͰܳԣ߳Ա߿ӣϰ˵ΪһӺòˣмһ޴յ⣬򡭡

Ȼܹȥ׼ԸʱĹʿͻȻ˹޴Ӱֱӽײڵأص

ҪƿϵĹʿȴôƲˣУͻȻϹʿȻ¥˹ס

......

ŵۣ֪һֱӶһſӣеغϡ

˻


ϵ˴ִѹǣ漴ͷ­Ҳ΢΢ߣ΢΢˻ƵɤСܿͺãһ̡
̻Ӧץס˫ַͷʼһҵĹ

һһ֡



¥˹뿪ʱѾҪ˵ˣٴ·֮ǰͷæ̣Ȼ󼱼š
仰˵

Ѿˣڴϰ춼ָһܡ

Ҳۣ¥˹гøˣģûƽʱİӡ

Ȼûһö




74.  ʮ         ĸȥ

ĸȥû, ͼһţдոϲ¥˹ŪҰСϺó, ͵ĲҶźͬ£Ҷúȡ˵һѣոǹһҪʱȫȥӪһٺõ, ѻ, ھͿʼܶ

̺¥˹׽ſæһ, ǺúչԼ, ˵Լһж, ˳ּһɻ˹ȥ

βոĸ, һ¥˹ϼ, ǰŵʱҪȥس, ¥˹ڹϰ, ﾭ쵼ָʾÿ춼Աȥسǣǿ˰æż, ǹͬ°æġ

һ¥˹׹ùдģ֪ѾˣҪ˵ôô, ºúչԼص, ôսϵںŵһ쵼Ů˵Ů˵£˰æ

¥˹׹ùһҵ, սѰ¥˹нͨıһְλùùøĶóְλ¥˹״ӣȥͨϰࡣνĶ飬¥˹սѸһǮ壬ĿС
ˣˡ

ǰûʲôƷݣǵһοôҪģҲ¥˹׺Ƣըˡ
֮ǰʱ֪ԭСʱ˺֪ոĸô̵ͼǵԼСʱȥ󲮼汻ýø۸ƫĲ˵ϻؼֿϱۣԺֶȥ󲮼ˣýøѧѧУչˣֱӲȥ
Ҫ·ңװõſˣΣΪݹϵһ

ȻΪһԹ߲˵ʲôģ˵ĹδǸʮһ͵ռңѪˣڻزȥǷĸǣȴڡ
ԴոĸᵱĸТҪ˵Σûģ֮顣

̿¥˹ûţЩ¥˹ǸģֻޱĽˣ̿Լһ䣬ҲǷʲô

Ǹˣȥ˵ĻܻῴϴӦӹùü뿪ͲǷʲôˣνġͻˡ
Ϊ˹˼̣Ҳڹùüҡ

̵ͷ

û뵽ǣû¥˹׹ùдŹˣлᵽҲ֪˭˵ģȻ֪¥˹׺ˣ֪ǻеĸдԲѵ˵ҪгƱͷһƱвȥٱ̸׵Ĺֶдˡ
ֱûûƤһͲùдģ¥˹׹ùӦøǸܡ

¥˹ɫѿ̵ǻãʲôٱھٱϸܶˣǰһԾȥץˣڻȥ飬鵽ȥץˡ
Ϊе֮ǰıʣոֱβˣҲ֪ٴˣװ׵ڣһٱţ

ǲɵȻĿŵдݣѵͲǷٱ
˵ǰ¥˹̫۸ˣ

¥˹׳˸ͨ籨š
¥˹ײɵùһ֪Щ϶˵ˣǰһﶼûᣬȴͻȻˡ

̵һɵ꣬־òԣԼ˲ϣԴӴи֮͵˵º˾ͳ˺һʱ䣬ٴϢǰ˵ģܲãֳܶ˹ģЩ˶ܺþˣƯˣæúܡ

໹˵Ҳãʡ¥˹ףӵڲǺܺ˵ڶŮӶüˣԽԽͱø֪ø

̾ڼȻ˹Ŀ꣬ӦþͲὫʱ˷¥˹ϣ꿴ҲǶˣˣҲ뵽ķӡ

¥˹Ҳģ֪ˡ

̳Ĭһ£һʱ²׼֪˭ôǡ

˶ûŵ£̻д˷Żؼңһ£ոעһ㡣

·̻صѧУϿΣֹ˰ͰΨһЩ仯ľ֪£ͳ򶫣оǷ

ͳһԣ̺¥˹׶⣬֮ǰ˾Щˣֻϵͱ˶ѣǸܸɵģӻãҲ¸Ϊ˺һּɡ

Щˣǵһģǿ̺¥˹׽ˣҲЩ뷨ˣҲ˼˽˵ãˣǰﲻæҲʲôܹϰӾͺá򶫸˵ʱ򵥰һһˣЩҲһЩǮ֮ǰҲв׼ںɽһСӣסҲҪԺﶨˡ
ǰŻسǣڲˣǺúùӰɡ

һû뵽Ƕô죬ҪǷӡ
ʲôӰͿԻȥˣǷӲ˷Ǯ

Ȼܿ˽ܵǮˮƯˣȰȱ𼱣ĩͳ㶫ȥӳ￴ﻹûסƷӣ㿴ܷܲһʱסš
ǶµĿշӣҪû˵ĻͻһֱôţӾ

˵ѹҲǷӣ˷ǮҸ˵ǰ費ǹ˵ڹܵ˺ܶ࣬ǰЩ֪ʶӶˣ˲ԺҪָ߿ˣ밡Ҫָܻ߿ǲǿͨ߿س𣿡

Ϣֱԭء

æǧκ˵ûӰӵ£ҪûУ˼ҿܻϣҲǸ죬˵ĻǷӻǷӶһȵȸһ˵

ؿʹͷǱסˣسǰǿŵء
̲ס뵽ԭסţ֪ʶӣȷʵȥһϢġ

̲ס˵Ȼ˵ģܹ鲻ãҲ˵ǸϺˣܸɳֺõ£㿴Ϊ֪æм˼ĺãӣûӰӵ£϶ѴңʱҪû㿴һô˵ʹĻԼ͸Ҽ˹һõˣ˳֪ʱҲûָҳԣóۣ⻰סˣΪ򶫺ãǳӢҲˡ
¥˹׹ùüдŵ£Ҳ֪ˣҲɵȻµ֪ڹ⻰Ͻͷãܸ˵ĻΪԼ򶫣κġ

뵽ܹسǣ˲伤ѣȥһҪúÿ顣

ڷ̸󣬶ҵĻǶˣЩȵģ൹ɫǲ̶ӳǸܵܣϲأ̶ӳXʰֲǼңǰʱ˵˲ٹд¹ʱ˽ţ̶꣬ӳܵ˻ȥȻڶ̶ӳżˣܺҲˡ
Ѿȥ̶ӳԹηˣ̶ӳһЩҲҪȥ﹤ˡ

˵յ̶ĵʵ̶ӳܵܺ˺ÿι̶ӳܵܶźںͷϵôá

۾û뵽İԡ

໹Ц㶼֪Դ¥˹׽˻飬ҶڿԼĻˡ

̻ûԹϣ죬֪ʹˣͲ̶ӳܵܽ顣

鵱죬̺¥˹ûܳϲƣһȥسǣƱ˳׼ȥ¥˹ϼҿ




75.  ʮ         ⻹ա

⻹̺¥˹׵һһԶ, ˾»ؼ̽׵СӣһͱŴСˣҲûﳵ, Ҫǳﵽسûطţ͵˾ͲˣԺʰþ͸Ͻš

¥˹һ˫, װ·ˮ, ̱ɶ, ֻб汳һС, ⶼԼ, Ĳ˵, ּ򵥵İĺ˳, ˫õĶǺʵ, ˫, ¥˹׺ϲÿθ쵼ȥسǿʱᱳţװ

бװСһЩ, Ҫʱ򷽱óԡ

ϻе䣬̽¥˹׿ڴУһ, سǷȥ
سǵʱ֣ԭΪܸӵĳ, û뵽һ˾Ͷ·ƱϵȣԱ߻бˣƺ֪, ӦǳŹڷżٻؼҡ

ȥǾǹڵʱؼҵģҶûȥˣǲÿ궼ȥģպýڵʱ飬ҲǸųų档

еˣվԱ߹Ƿϣ¥˹׿ЩۣԼһ̵ͷԴϣĿ

аСʱʮʱ򣬴ͳˣеһƤӣܴӳûϴ°մͣÿο̶ԼĵӰĸо

˺ͣǵȳģǱȽˣϳ˲࣬¥˹ǣ̵˳ƱԱȥƱȻںŵλ¡

棬ڽűϣڶ࣬Ҳӵ̽ͷ¥˹׼˯ȥҪСʱܺú˯һ

¥˹״Ӱóһ״ǰȻ󰲰һԡ
ҲЩˣǶ˯˺͵˶Ҳˣǳ⣬Ǿġ

̱˯һȻתȥʡᣬƱˣվƱվƱվڻſҲ֪ôôˣﶼˣº°߷ڼĴȼʹˣΧζ̫ˣζųζͷþûϴĳζ

¥˹˫ֳڱϣСڻ̽бڻУ¥˹ҲĻ˫ǰվţ̼˼Цˡ

¥˹׿⸱ûĵӣ˵ˣΪ˭
±˼ˣŶŲһ£ãЦ

ûͷöͷĺˮ˲Ķͷ
̴һˣ¥˹׷ԼҲ仵ˡ

ȻĲУæֽͷĺˮȥȥ㣬ֵ¥˹ף·ϲ˲䡣
ڱǰһ£Сһ䣬ˡ



¥˹ˡ

˼վСʱʱʡǣҲżɴȥ˸ĹӪ˶ٷһһˮȣԱˣҲȱˡ
Ȼȥվţһϻ𳵣תͳڵ¥˹ϼسǡ

¥˹ûдֱȥùüңǴסд͵ϼǷסˣٴȥ
ùüңûҪȥԼίˣҲ۸

ȻģסسǵдسǿűǸسҪһ㣬Ӫ꾹Ȼ¥˹״ȥ˽ϴǸӪ꣬Ҫ뷹һ⣬һ
ζǵķԱ̬ȲôãװͰ͵ģԷ˳ܡ

̺¥˹׶ǹɵˣûף˳극ͻддã˻Ǯϴ˸裬سǱ˶ˣ¥˹˵úԴḻҲѹˡ

ϴ˾дϢдһ䷿а˸λﻹסˣһޣһʮ˺һʮͷˣӦǹģ˺ʹǸΣ˴ҲȽ档

ЩϰߣǵĴλ濿ǽλãҲǱȽϰˣǿǱȽᣬ޻Щ˵˵ʵЩϾ棬ĻеģϾ˿ڵţƽʱŶǺСĵģҲۡ

¥˹׾͸䵭ˣǸģڴʰˣԲĵ˼⣬ȻװģĴǷʾԼˣ˵һת߹ȥѵЬϴ˯

ûã¥˹ҲˣĽ˱ڻͷףСյ̶ߵ˯ɡ

ģţͲʵ·

Цһǻ﷢΢𶯣ǣϵı黹һڿҲ²ڸʲô¡

û£Ҳ֪Ƥ̫ˣԼϰˣȻûзӦڲʵǰ̸ɴཫ£һץסҪλ

¥˹ʶһȻܿƵĹ﷢ƺһ
Ҳ֪ǳʹܡ

̻ΪԼס̧ͷһƵĿ

¥˹ȻͷĲشϢջ֣½˱ס˼

̿ˣҲ׼ջ֪¥˹ȴãҪץסǴ

ʲôë

˯һڶһ¥˹׾ʹ̳ˣû˷ˣ緹Ȼȥ˵ֱֽӳسǡ

¥˹ϼҾسǽչõĻ̾ҲسǵڻֻһСׯ¥˹׵ΪسǹùüסҲǰسˣҲģŻŮһ

¥˹׸ǸбµģϼҸһש߷ש߷Ѿ󲮼ҵˣļҾʲôСһҰˣΨүүǼҡҡ׹ġ
ǳŵ磬¥˹ȴ̻һˣ̫ˣԼһ˽ȥģ̴濴ܵݶһֽŵĺȻ󻷹һȦųĬųˡ

ŵĶһֽĲ񻰣ֽõ̲ŷֶ˺ü㣬ֲ¶ĿһǮÿŶֵʮԪ

¥˹ɫĽǮ̰ǰǮģڣǮ̹Ϻӡ
Ѿͨˣ˾ˣʲôûˣǮ֣Ҳ֣ǮֻǮ

߰ɡ
¥˹ǣ̵֣ɽȥѾˣɽȥʱ˴ˣ·һſʱиſժˣǻŤͷ࿴ۣϴŲȷɫ

¥˹״ȥ˺ɽͷɽǺܸߣͬһʡݣͦģ߸ƫ򱱷
¥˹׸׵ķĹүү̵Ĺ̺ܽ¥˹׿ͷֽȥүүĹǰ˵˻ĹΧĲݸˣúһ
̶ɣ¥˹岮͹ùöûȻôôݣ

æЩѾˣ֮·سǣûӴߣ̻¥˹ײ岮

ҲҺ¥˹״·ڶ¥˹岮ܵɽϿ϶׵Ĺ˼ݹ֪Ļˡ

뵽һ֣Ǿͺ޵Ǿ˵СôСӣԭǮá
С⼸úӣ˾ۺķȡ

Сӵĳ̶ȣҪǵһǮȫСãСϿ϶С
ֵҲɵܵдȥϧʲôдʲôˣ˼ҶǹҸɲԱôܻϴŲ·˵ӣֱӲ˵֪

ϴ飬ȥӪ˸ӸдԱŴǰȷʵסһ¥˹׵ģ˽ˡ

ʱ¥˹Ѿ˳ûֱӻ֪㣬ʡһ죬ȥٻ̵˹䣬˵صʳ
ȥ·ϣ¥˹ײֱֿ̧ͣ

̻ûô¶ӣ뵽ȰֱʱҪ㲻ķǣ
ʱ̲סЦ

˰ĳ̺¥˹׻ص֪ʱ࣬û磬¥˹ȥ֪㣬óϹԷ

ʱ򻹲֪Ϲʱ򻹸һϡ




76.  ʮ         Ӿ͡

Ӿô, ˵²࣬ƽʱߵĻ֪㣬˵Ĺ, Ҳǹڷ£ʵ½黹ͦģÿÿ˿ڶ࣬ʱ黹, ʮ߰ͽ, ֱҪ̫

Ϊ֪, ҲǷ, Ȼƽʱͷϵ, ֪˵Ǵ, ôҪȥ, һ¡͵͸̵ļ򵥶, ֱúëǮ, ˲඼¥˹׽ʱƷȫһ
ô˵̺¥˹׵ӡǺܺõ, 㷽Ȳϡ

վԱ߰ϴ룬ֻһʼΪϵãôÿһΧ, ܱܲˣ֪һ, ֻëǮһֲһֲ١
˵ҡҡͷ

Ȼ֪뵽ʲô¶ɫŴյ̶ͻȻСҸ˵, ̶ӳǸܾܵǸ಻ģ֪𣬾ǽ鵱ء̶ӳһԵã˺öˣŷ󵽲̼ʱûϯӢͺ㷽˶Ƶûţȥ򶫵ģ֪ûҵ򶫣ȴײڸھӺ§§һɺ꣬ҵθѽ

ؿڣ˲ҪԱһڣҲǵù£̶ӳܵܡҲڷ˻·һһף治Ǹö÷˽˻Ҳ˵˸ɵɶǷ˾ȻӦˣ˵ԼϲȢΪӦ˵ʲô£ŵĶҶ࿴ǻҪָϽˣҲû˵£򶫶ûҸߣһ嶯ȥʱ̶ӳͲˣ˵Ҫ򶫶¡

ϾҲû÷жϲ̶ӳǸܵܣ޽̼ңʲô˼˵׼ء

΢΢Ŵ죬𾪵ĲᣬҲܴĻиܵڵƺֲͶҽĻŸУ·ں޲ýÿ˶ץڵǺֹۡ
ҪĻǲ̶ӳܵ£Ҳ̫ˣüͷǵǰʱ㻹˵̶ӳܵܿ˺

ʼ磬һ˭֪أ㲻ˣ֪ɲǺÿ۹أɿϷǸˣŻسǼأ˵취ҳ󡣡
˵ҡҡͷ벻ͨʲô˼˵ȥ׵ˡ

̸ϽͷҶ⻰Ҳ˵ˣͺá
ͿԸ߿سˣȻ̶ӳֻһӵСӳϾеģʱҪΪˣһɵ¡

ͷ֪ˣҲ׼򶫽𣿺ӢʹɽҲ˼Ҫ³˫

˵ĺȻͳ򶫣ԼŴɽӢкýԤϴˣ׵ʱֻ֪ͳһԡ
̵Ľ飬ĳ¹˵㶫ȥ˲̶ӳǮһӵķϷӣǶʱò̼˵׷ԲŻô˵ȻɾͲֹǮ£ȻƵģҲû˿ռ
ǮķȻ࣬ǽѿģݶéõģﳱʪùѣͳ˵ӵ岻ͬǵ¼ң˹С

ʰӵʱ̺¥˹Ҳæˣɨü飬ѿǽûͺãǽϱֽݶéݻµġ¥˹ڹҲ˵ϻˣЩƾŹϵŪһЩɼҾߣӡӡʣһЩ鶫õϵģҲģ

򶫺ʱ̺¥˹һ±ӣϺͮͮıףϲĲС
ǻĺܼ򵥣һֻ·һӲˣҲǾŵˣزˣ٣֪ļ˳ˣ򶫻˲̶ӳϾ򵽷Ӳ̶ӳм˲æû뵽̶ӳˣ̶ӳܵȴû˵̶ӳܵҲ֪ŮˣôӦùһˡ

ɫ˺󻹸˵ЦģûһƽʱӣҲżҹϵõĴţˣźһ㡣

극Ұæʰɾˣ̺˳һ·̺¥˹ﳵģ·ߣųһԱǲ̶ӳ̶ӳ¥˹˵°ӵķչģ̺ͷǲںˡ

һûһµŶӣţͻȻ˵һ䣬¥˹׽һ˰ɣôҲûҪҪȥҽԺ
˵Īζ

ʶŤͷһۣȻ۾
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Ҳ֪ǲĴоһˣǰϲͷ֪ʲôʱʼ̧ͦͷ˵ҲˣϻЦֻЦЩ̷֣·濴һ˿⡣
üãҺ¥˹嶼û⣬ʱӶѡ

Ҳ֪ûţ⻰ЦһȻһۣ˵ˣֻŶӵƵʸˡ
ֱ֪ʱͻȻСһ䣬Ҳ֪¥˹׿ʲôˣµĸ
񶾣˵תߣ˴ֲ

ŵתͷ˱ӰһۣԼǲˣ⻰ǶԼ˵ģ
ûɣ

¥˹Ѿϳˣڳϣע⵽ûعͷһۣվŷ̲ס˵һ䣬ôˣ

̻عһݡȻǲµĸôµĸ
֮ǰͬʱ˸һֻûãǼ޸ӳĵܵʲôģ¥˹׻ڹ繤ء

г¥˹ʣֱӸ״ղŷǲµĸ
ίִ󱳣´㿴ˣ˵Ҳ
ں¥˹ǹУǺ
֪ôĶ⡣

¥˹һɫ˲̵֪ӣ¿Ц
죬û˵һŵá
ɫǺѿֲһ䣬´Զһ㡣
ǿиɣһֻб۸ķݡ

Ƶĵͷ

ǰһ죬̺¥˹׻̼ļ٣ոĸ׼ˣһȥ̳ڹӪԵҹڶڹӪһ䷿ƣһĹӪҪܶ࣬ͺСе¥ϻа䣬Ҫһ㡣

ոѶ࣬ĸҵݣʣµĶոѣ̻˺̣һҲˣҲҪ飬˸սѵạ̃ռҾһŮ統֪࣬ĸǰμģںҲûˡ
ԾƵʱĸ¥˹ںǰμȦҫ˼Զ

ⳡưĺ֣ҲˣҲЪˣĸһʹ¥˹ȥżңżˣ˾üм̣ȫǹСӵģ̡Ǽų裬ոĸĺãڼȽлȨݶֱӣ̡ӳǾˣҵôһεĶ󣬲ףĻǹֵģ󶼰˺

̺¥˹ڴˣ¥˹ףֱͳ˼ĴǣŮ˶Χתߴߴͣڿúã˵۹⣬һ׵ЦӶˡ

òϻȥ˯ڶһҪˣƤĶ¥˹ױѹˡ

˻ؼң̸¥˹׶˺ü
ص֮˺ֹܿ˰ͰԶӺ֪Եʣӹü򵥵ģÿķվôѧɼϻȥʲôоô¥˹۸¡

ϰʱĺܿ죬ΨһעĻˣ޸˸ڹһзΨһźһֻšоǷҲڹϰˣ˸һʱ£ɵְȥ¥˹ףﻹͦӦģ¥˹׶̬Ⱥ䵭ȥ˵һûȥ¥˹ˡ
Ѿｫ˼˸С÷Ǽ¥˹׺á

³ȫѧ̸׶ٿ½½ڸ߿ϢҲ˳

Ҳʱ򣬷һк

֪ѾƲʲô˻ˣڴҶĿ˸߿ϣһʹ̵ľϵˣĸͬѧʦŷӴڸ߿£зӦģæ鸴ϰѧϰ֪඼뼤С
ࡢ򶫻ܵлӷŲĺΣһˣ˵ȫˣ...............˵߿......ǲ......
˵˵ۿʼʪ

¥˹ڼҿ飬ͰѸ鱾͸ˣҪǸϰЩҪģڻ飬ѧЩܽ⡣
ʣҲÿ϶شֻƴãǻǸϽ׼ǡ

ԶԶԡ

࿴̺¥˹ǰдĿαżȻͳƽʱҲ飬ܾûʱ䣬òࡣ
Ҳ˵ϻˣæˡ

ҲżѧƣԺ㣬¥˹ѧôãѧѣ鱾ϵ⻻˼·ͲˣȥΪ˱Ŀ·ӡ

9·ݣ׶ٿȫߵѧУ飬ָѾֹͣ10ȫߵԺУԣͳһԡ¼ȡķʽѡ˲ϴѧ  

19771021ţý鹫˻ָ߿Ϣ͸¶ȵĸ߿һºȫΧڽС

ȫ֪ʶΪ֮ڡ

Լ¥˹׽ֳסȻ֪ͺܶһѧϰҲͷ۵ģڣ˿Եŵһѧϰ
ǻᱻţ֪¥˹飬ʼǡ

ҲСˣˣԼҲҪʼǿԽá

иϰĸ£ڼ䱨Ǯ1977121112գ̺¥˹ײ뿼һͬĻкܶף֪ļˣӵ֪ѩࡢ֪......йСѧСʦʦʦȵȡ
֪࣬игĽسѧˡ
ÿ϶Ž˷ɫ




77.  ʮ         졭

, ̺¥˹׶飬ȻгǶ, ϶Ǻѩû취ﳵֻý·첻ͳ, 翼Ҳû취, ֻѧУſҸطһ, ˳㿴, ֽű

ԺҲû, ֮ǰøϰĲ̺¥˹׶Ľ, ǻسǵΨһ, û취, 岻, ʱûôĿˣҲǱȽ, еˣԵһˣڶ컹صķա

ͳ򶫵ڶ͹, 佨ŴɽҲˣﶼŻŵ, 뻥һ´𰸣̲ϲգɴܳȥˣһ, ﳳ¡

°ﲻ֪ʲôʱ˺üŶӦҲǺܽŵġ
̾˿һƵҸоԼοòǺܺãѧмûˣɼҺãǰѧʱǰ೤ˣҪûϣҾ߼ȻسǶ飬˵ȥҲ̶ӳܲҲŪСѧȥƽʱʱͶˡ
Ѿ˺·?
첲ȱô࣬ɼûأƽʱ¾ϸһĿǶء

⻰¶һ˿ЦݣһҪúлл㣬ҪѣûҪģѧҿһⶼ
ﵽڻ̲סңֻг򶫿Ҳˣ򶫶ã˲ᶪܡ

ЦЦ

Ҳ˵ЩˣϾɼû˵ʲôûãҲżģ㻻죬ˣ֪𣿷ڶ쿼ûˡ

̲Ťͷһۣô£

̸֪󲻶Ը£ǸֱƢô˵Ҳ˽¸˵ˣ˵ڹ羭¥˹ףԹһͨ

Ҳ߷֮ǰͻ¥˹׹ùЩſǷڱùϾ֪û֪¥˹׺ϼҵַ˵ʱȥ̶ӳԷķ
̶ӳӣҲʲô£ԲſڣЦһָ߿µʱСĺ䶯պ꺢ӣҲûȣźͼɩҲɵģôСҪ߿ˣزһأɣˣͦصģԿһ뱻̧ȥˡ

˵һүǳ۾֮ǰǲĸھ⵽Ӧˣ˺ôۣ

֮ǰǰɼãŷ󿼻سǺӻô죿û뵽ᷢ¡
ûʲôϵֶûоҪǺ¥˹öˣԺ˿һӶˡ
뵽汣ӣϣ¥˹׶ߡ

̵ãǰӾ½½յ֪ͨˡ
ʱ߿ͨ־ԸģԼòѧҲ̫ã±ˢȥˣʱϢǻָ߿ͷһ꣬Ҳ֪ʲôרҵȫսսϹ

ʡʦѧ¥˹ʡṤҵѧ¥˹ײԼ˷֣̹˷֣ķͦߵģȥ׶ѧˣûѡΪ̳ɼϲȻ߿еڣĸȱˣѧϰЧʼߣֻмµıʱҲܹˣֻͨռơ
ʡĹҵѧҲȫʮλ¥˹רҵѡӢרҵһǱգӢרҵĿ϶࣬еӣơδӢרҵš

ôţֱǰһ죬̵֪ͨˣǶûлؼңڹ֪ͨ飬ոĸ⣬˵֪ͨһ͸Ǵ绰
̵֪ͨģسܣ˶켱ˣãڵȵĴר֪ͨ飬˳ģ򶫵֪ͨѾǰõˣӶˣҲԲ

ӱͬеģǳϼĴѧ༤۾ˣҲת¥˹׿ޣԼ治ס

¥˹׺Ц󱳡

ֿЦǿʯͷˣ࿼ҪֿӼ򵥣һЩģҶˣʱѻ֪˭

ƽһܵ˵ߵ¥˹߰οżĿ϶·ϣҶġ

¥˹׵ͷǽİοʵԼĳɼû̫ģǰѧÿοԼ֣һ㶼û٣ĵĻ̣˻ֿյ֪ͨ飬Լõġ
Ҳģ˭пܿϣԲ¥˹ףԵȳһʱ̾ƳгһӵǮƱҪ¥˹ȥسǳԺóԵģף˻سǡ

¥˹׿Цãûôĵģڱôһ֣ЩţĿԴĴûдá
Ǹһȥسˣ˿ڹӪ˶ٺõģȻȥ˺ܶ⣬Ҫˣ⼸϶ҪԺúȺá

ûڶϦҹչ֣𴲾ͱ˽ȥ֪ԷҲǴҳԵһٷˣ̺¥˹ıȽֵ賿˯佨ҹʱ˲Ÿճ緹
Ȼˣ̺¥˹ֻţȥ֪㣬ӵʱ佨յȥ˲̶ӳңҪȥз

̺¥˹ûˣ˾ֱȥ֪㣬ϻ⡣

̵֪ʱѾˣ˷ϲ¾ˬھǣ⣬֪ʮһˣõ֪ͨĸˣڣһѧũרˣϼǱߵġ
࿴̹Ͻæ¥˹Ҳ򶫽ˣȥд

˵Һ׼ˣҰ趼ǻؼһˣһˣҲûؼҿһΣڿѧǰȥס죬ҲʰʰһЩϴѧҪĶ

̾ȣô죿

ЦЦˣ뿪ѧҲû죬סס͸ûʲôʱˣҺȥѧУʱдš
ϲ̵ģҪǽ꣬׼ͻȥ
ȻǴ˺ü꣬˵ʵ黹ûӹֿۣÿ춼Żسǡ

ЩᣬΪˣҲǣ¥˹׵֪ͨˣҲҪߵģԺҪпҾȥѧУ档

ѽЦøˡ

˵㣬ҹȽϷḻ̴⣬֪Ҳ⣬߲ˣǴ㡣
ʮ̲ˣԢʮȫʮ

ȻԵĺܸˣ̻ܿóܶ˶ЩĲɣһ߳һ߸¥˹׼вˣǶ¥˹׺ġ

ҹԵıȽ磬ͳˣҲĵ࣬뿪ʱ̺¥˹׻ȥһæʰ
ͳ򶫵Ķ࣬ѾʰĲˣ䣬һƤװһС룬ֻʣ´ϵıӺͳû

࿴ųаǽĸɲûãЩۣЩֻ͸֪ˣ˵ʵЩãƽʱɽġ

̰棬ͳ뿪·ҪԵģĻͷҲҪԶԡ
ƽʱʡʱҪˣҲûҪʡˡ

Ū̲ϵʱ൷̸첲ûء
ŰԵζ

ƲƲ죬ʲô£ûϣء

ȤˣǵҲǡ
תðԵĹâ֪ӢŴɽˡ

۾

ܿ϶ĵͷģԷûǶûһ𣿡

̻ûע⵽ȫ̶ˣԼҪ¥˹һ̫ˣֻ֪ԡ

ʲôʱ£

ҡҡͷ治֪Դӻָ߿˹ϵ͵ˣǰȥҳӢҾͿʹɽ˵ѧũ͵͵˵˽·ˡ
˵ЩΣҲ֪ôģԻسǣҲԿһطαҪأ̸ôá
˶ûһЩź

û˵ȥ·¥˹ף¥˹Ҳֻÿ뷨ͬȥ
˵̵ȥ

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¥˹Цˣͷ˲Ա߾СԴůͺ͵ġ
ʵ֮ǰҲĴ㣬ûϣһٿ
û뵽ֵˡ

ϻȥ¥˹Ҳ֪ʲô̼һϣڶ˲ŷŹˡ

ԭȻƫʮǧЩʵȴû䣬ʱ¥˹׵֪ͨҲˣдſѧʱʮġ
Ҳʣ¾ˣ̺¥˹ײҵ󣬸Ͻʰ׼Ȼؼһˡ

Ƕ࣬һ˸ȥֻʰȽ·ţбӺӿ϶Ҫģµģ֮ǰĴɱ´һ飬һ޻ȥֺʵůͣʱȥѧͲҪˡ

һʰһ߸¥˹˵ǰȥʡǣʱѧУܲһסг
ǰסᣬǸʱỷãЩӦԸϰ߲ϵģ˯˴ĥģϲռ˵ġûԼһ˵ס

֮ǰ¥˹֪ͨ黹û̲ø߶ûйˣ˵£ƻţҪʵķӣӿ׬ˡ

¥˹ǹЦͣ߶ţҲ÷ﰲ

гˣһЩ·ʲôģҲʰʰȥˣʣһЩûĵζϣ͸佨Ҫˣ֮ǰ¥˹һӺò˹ļ쵼͹СѧУԶٷ˼佨Сѧʦסķʱ佨ס
ʱסܲУ껹ǿԵġ
Ҳ˵ٸ߿佨뿼ϡ

¥˹׻ԼĿαʼǶ佨¥˹֮ǰΨһܰﵽġ
ȥ¥˹ˣ佨ǰܺæ¥˹׺̶ο佨úøϰСѧʦɣƽʱԳʱѧϰ

佨мѣûϵʧ˲١

֪ѧũоǺҲϵĿˣҲרҲ㹻ˣյ֪ͨĵܹ¥˹ףæһ̣֪ҪߣҪдŸ£Ҳ¥˹ڹ﹤ȻߵĻ»Ҫһ򣬷̾˵ѩһֱ֧ʲ˳뿪

£˾ˣû˿û١ѧũڹҲˣһֻ֪ʣŴɽ佨Ӣĸˡ

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佨ЦĴ¥˹׼򣬡ţҾ͹ǣʱһȥ档

¥˹ãʱȥӪԷ

Ҿ͵ˡ

˺Ϊ̫ˣֻܽڴͳӻ¶ˣ̱Űϳλ¥˹׺佨ȥŶӰ
¥˹ϳûãӾˣڴԵ̳佨ӻ֣úÿ鸴ϰ

ġ

һĳ;תˣߵ㵽ϼվ
ոĸڵˣӼĲ֪˵ʲôãĸżǰ죬ǸϽؼҲųԷ͵ˡ
ֽӹеĶ

ոҲ¥˹׷ֵϵƤ˳̫ˣҲﳵȥһĿڸɴųߣ̺¥˹ں棬ųŵĶ

ĸĸˣԴӽӵ绰˵Ůϴѧˣ˷ܵ˯žһ˿ǣŮûϣ֪ͽӵϢ˵ŮҲˣöĸ
߿ɲÿϴѧķëǣǹôԱȥϢһֶֻù֪ŮŮж󣬶ҲǴ֪ŮܿϴѧǶŮѧЩܶ඼Ů̵ģھ;ʲôԲˣŮŮسˣ˴ѧǰ¡

ոҲ·Ų硣
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һӺòˣ±㡢ǴŹǡ㡢˶ոӷóһƿƣЦЦǺǶ¥˹׵үúúһ١

¥˹װæÿ꣬⻰Цˣá

̶ˣԺƲȤֱ˿ӳԲˣ˾¥˹ǰľƱһڣ΢΢ɬžζĴ㣬ζûУѾƣ̸ϲֱ˵ζѾơ

ĸ̡ͣ¥˹׼вˣԵ㣬ݵģûżɣԺ󶼺ˣۼҳѧ˵ȥӡ

ϲ̣ҲģĴѧɱȺĴѧ߶ˣٽܿϴѧģбµˣܶ˶ǴӰ˾·ݿʼϰ³͸ô飬붼֪Щж

ֳ극ѾϾŵˣĸˮ¥˹ϴ裬̺¥˹׻ϴ˸ͷһĳ϶Ѭ˳ζͷ

ϴͻصͷ¥˹ͷ̣¾͸ˣ̵ͷܣЩѸɣëֲͷڻͰ￾ռҲлͰȥǽģϷУʪûпյůҲ񱱷пȫԼһոϾйؽڲһϥǾۣúҲ̼ռҲСǮõġ
һͰոĸ˵˺ܶĳҲˡ

Ϊ˺ͷƨɾø߸ߵģʱʱŤŤͷһ߿¥˹ڴϸůѣǸﺬЦ

ʵﻹЩʵУû뵽ԼĿˣȻ֮ǰԼܿϣõ֪ͨһо˺ܾõ£ͻȻˣĻЩֻš
֮ǰȢ̵ʱҲָо˺Щ̤ʵ

Եϴʱ¥˹ֱӽ˽ڻȻһϵζ

̱Ū÷̲סЦ£ѽ

¥˹ҲЦͷͷһڣ۾ɫᡣ
̻û壬ͷͱѹײĺᣬҲۣñҲ˲䣬¥˹ƺҲЩЦ

ֲ÷ţḧĺ󱳣˺һ˵һ䣬лл
ллϲԼллԼллԸ޸Լ
һ¥˹кܶ໰˵ֺ񶼲üָоụܻ̂úܲá

¥˹׵ͷȥ̣˵ЩʲôͷѾ֪ʲôʱ˯ˣ۾ë˯ĺܳ㡣
һ֪ۻˣ̲סЦˣ̧Դ




78.  ʮ         ̺¥

̺¥˹ڼֻܴ, Ҳ֪ǻˣڶҪǹȥԷ˾Ҳ, ֪ѧȥӪ˼ˡ

Ӫ깤Ĵбµģ˵гմͳģ˵·ǸӪĴʦϳ, үүȻ, », Щ˶ū, Ҫ, »ڵ, ǼҹӪкü, ʲôʲôǽ, ʱûʲôķ, Щ˶ڲ˵ϣȻһ˳ԲˣԵҲҵʳġ
ĸ˵, ʱӪͳ˷ǽֻмݣǼû, ԽԽǮˣҲ֪Щ˵Ǯģ

˵һ仰ʱ, ĸζ

룬ӦڹҹܵĿˣЩǮ˱ˡ

˴ӹӪ˺⡢ĸͿѼĸ˺üز, һӷֳԡ̺¥˹ΪӦǺһԵģǣԷֱңʹˣԲ̫⣬ֻЦи̺¥˹׼УѼȺⶼģ̳ŵĶԲ

ߵʱ򻹸¥˹װһ˾Ҳˡ

ڶ죬ոĸϰȥˣ¥˹ȥٻ̵ҪȥѧУˣûʲôȱģȥֻˢϴëЩСˣʡǱ߾˷ô
̻¥˹ȥҺУһ綼ûҵֻ㬶顣

죬ʮһ죬̺¥˹׳ȥʡˣոǣ£ոֻЪ˼
⼸죬ոĸͬ»˺ЩƱȫСˣȻһһ䣬¥˹һϻһƤǱӡŰǼ͵Ǻ龫ЩϸԵġ

ոĸϻ𳵣ﵽʡǽ˺ֻܶ࣬Ҫһ˻𳵾ˣƱǰˣ˵㵽ʮʮʱ׼ʱոϵԼʡǵѡ
̺¥˹һ»𳵵ʱ򣬾иñӵˣףոǷС˾죬ιʡˡ

̺¥˹׹ɺ塱

Ϊ֪ڿϴѧˣЦӣúúá
һӦãȻ󼤶Ĵ֣һѽӹеĶгϢȥԸ

ҲЦѽǾʹˣǶ࣬鷳彫͵д

ΪԥҲ죬ֱסˡ

ҡҡͷξˣǰˣȥҲһ
֣תƻˣ壬֪ⷿӵⷿסõطʦѧ͹ҵѧ

˵ΪͲ˵ʲôˣҶ̫ⷿ˽⣬ⷿӵĲ࣬ӦеģͷҰȥһʡ

á

·ϣ˼⣬ǹʡǵķ飬¥˹׻Ƚ٣һ㶼ΪŻش𼸾䡣

ΪȽ¥˹͵дڣ̺¥˹ʡ˺ܶҲߵĹͨ˸µӡде˼䣬ҪһǮ̺¥˹Ҳס죬ɴ໨Ǯº̴Ӱóһǡһƿˮͷһ龫ϡ
ȥ˼ҼҪ㶫ԺҪߴϺü꣬ܵôùϵ

߲Զסɳļ¥ҲͲ¥ʽû̼󣬱ϾɳûлеУոǳĶ֣ΪҪһ㡣
ӣϴкϸһСǸŮ꼶

ӽҲûȥϰ࣬ڳæӻûѧҲڼǸӣڿ˵Ȼȥæ

¥˹ȥ˷ѧϰ¥˹׿Ϲҵѧ£Ǽڼǰոڵ绰˵ˣҵѧʡеһĺôѧʡ˸д

Ǹӣһӵĺòдˣ̺¥˹׿ͿһٷȻ˻ˣûϡ
׼ҳ̺¥˹ûֱӻдתȥ˷ղųԷʱһЩʱеѣ඼ǽӷڷﵱⷿȥҲǹҵĲˡ

̺¥˹ҵ˷ڶﴧǹȥԱһ˼ǣȻ˵ԼҪ

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˵ʱȴͣһ£ȻⷿЩĵλӣⷿͲ¥һʮ飬һҪ߰ʮû취ǶģԺӣСǸһҲҪʮ顣ҲʺϵͲ¥ҪҪ

̺¥˹׶һۣ¥˹ȴȥɡ

УпգҴȥ·Զ

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Ȼ棬Щͺ˵ˣ̱߱Сʣ磬ķӿҪĻҪǮ

˲Ťͷ̡
ǿ̺¥˹״棬һʴ⣬û뵽˻򷿣򷿿϶Ǯ
̲סһǻӣӿɲˡ

̵ЦЦû취˶ãԺûĻҵῼпʱӦûУ鵱ʦԺˣҲΪԺǣиס̤ʵ

Աߵ¥˹ףղž;ʺãһ⻰֣񶼻ָ߿ˣԺѧʦж֪Ҳкء
뵽˽õ˼Ҳǲԣе㸴ӣڹܵȻеˣ֮ǰǲģٹⷿⷿڹҵģҪСһĵ䷿ӣЩָۣ߿ˣʱʡⷿӵӦûܻ࣬ܿᱻջȥ

û̫ʲô˼ʲôⷿⷿжΪɶջȥ
Ĳֻ֪زǸö˾ǿӷҵġ

͵͵˳¥˹׵·¥˹׵ˣ״ǻⷿӰɡ
ȻŤͷ̽ͣĶҪָгʱѡĵطͶˣżһʱ

⻰𾪣һԵҲˣСֵ˵ģ
ҪǻָгǿҪˣʱ˵ˣʲô

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¥˹ײ֪˵ЩȫԼµģµô׼

̶࿴¥˹һۣųݵĹʡ


¥˹׿ЦˣĵС֡

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̿˵ӣ¥˹ƺϲڶ۸ǲ࣬¥˹̵ģ˺ܸɴܿ졣

˴û뵽ôˬ죬ȥͲ¥￴ҲͲ¥⣬̺¥˹ôɴ࣬ҲͲ˵ʲôˣЦǺǴȥ
Ҳ࣬Ǹӣ¥˹ȥٻ¥гζָĶСŪⷿȥ

ⷿǸɾģǾⷿᶨɨݶߡǽڵשͷǺõģԺҲûвݣﻹмҾߣӡΡҲҪð졣

ﻹлҳģ̺¥˹׽Ӵɨ飬ⷿСиôǾԺһˮСҪӽͰȥȡˮշԱĽܣԭǰ˼˵ķӣһƬķӶǼ˵ģѾĿԭˣֻʣ¼ٽֵȥ⻧˼ҵˣսʱȥˣⷿУⷿҲõʲô⡣

ڵʱ̺¥˹׽óȥˣгͽ߻д·Ӫʱһ档
дϢһϣڶһ磬̾ͺ¥˹׽ᵽⷿȥ̫̻ΡӰɹҲԺɹӼӣǽͷǣϣ걻ӻʣһء

ڼ¥˹ųȥˣһЩҪߡ

¥˹ʮһģͷϹ⡢㡢Źǣʵ߲ˣһڴݿ̾͵Ӧþ͹һëǮ
˵⻰ʱɫЩ࣬˵۸̫󣬵¥˹ײɽյˣ֮ǰڹ̶оԴڽǶ飬ȫû˹ܲȫ˺ĸ

ǱǮ֮ǰˣԺ򷿣ǽܶ

ֲί̸Կ࣬¥˹ȻЩżȴûбֳֻĥûʲôǮҡ

̵ǲżȥгͽſˣʱڿʱǮѧУſڿһҷװʳʲôģѧУѧæܶǮ
ʱĴѧλöܺãĵλӣĴѧһ㶼ڽû

һ㶼ۡ

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˲˻ľͰҲ¥˹ģܹǮһǮͰëǮһеˣΪʡǡ
ٻ̵ҲͰСͰһװ̫ˮʺȡˮ

¥˹׽ֻͰϴɾȻӵСͰֻͰװˮس˳㽫ϴˣ˳Գ棬һۣûȫһԣҪȥѧУȽϷ㡣
극̽¥˹±ˣڳ䣬ǲ·Żˡ

¥˹׻һһĸ֣ϣмǿǷ䣬ұǳ
ͷһģмһľţͿ֮ûţֻܴ
ûвڽֵ棬ҪԼͰÿȥȽ鷳

̺¥˹׳극˾Ժɹ̫ſϸдţд¥˹ҪҪ͵㶫ǣ˲ٲϣ͵ǰɣҲòЩ

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¥˹űֽȥõģǹʱıֽˣýζ⻰붼͵ͷġ
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¥˹ףҲٶٶ԰׷˵ˡ

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ϾϹһδѧˣ֪ģǲ֪ûоѵѵͦ˵ģɹڣʱûзɹ˪ء

¥˹׵ûô࣬ͻȻһ䣬˵ҲȥͶô
лһ˿ԥƺ

ΪԼˣŤͷһۣͶ壿

ôͻȻðһ뷨

ΪһϸӣֻҪȥ̶ѡ֧֣ԥҪȥͶ壬˻з𣿡

¥˹Цˣ˱ڻͷͷ

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Խ˵Խ£СȰȰȸͣԺﶼ̲סԺ¥˹׳ΪĺȻЩС˵ĳɵӾ籬𣬵ʱȥˡ

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ڰСϣ׵κ谵ķ¥˹ֻģŽεӣһƬ

ôϿӡ

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¥˹׽ͣڽѧ¥棬̵һԼȥ

һŵвˣСģһ

ĻܵʱͻȻƳһϤӰ˶٣ȻɻŤͷȥҪϸʱͷûˡ
·Ĵ

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쳤󿴣򣬡ôˣ

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ղź񿴵ˣǵã޵ڹȥˣô
Ѳ޵Ҳϴѧˣ¥˹ͬһ
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79.  ʮ         ڶ

ڶʽϿ, պҲԪڣȻֻˣջҪġ˾ȥŴ׷ۺ֥, ͬʱﲹú͵Щ©ġ֥Ѿɷĩˣӵ˵棬̺¥˹׶ϲ̫ģǷŵĲǺܶ, ǰ֭, ȻЩ͡
֥ۡǡͽȳ, һС, 䶳һ, ȥ, õ۾Сѹ, ֥, Բġ

ԲͷС, һҲȵô󣬸Ĳһڵʵ, ͹ӪԲһмô󡣺óǺóԣЩˣҲ̫, һˣѰ˼Լ򲻶Ҫ, ŪϸɰͰ͵ģǰ֪ԼԲóԡ

û£̻˺춹ڡɽںڵ, ̿ڵģǰͲôζĶԲҪһζģ̳ڻǵ˼Ҳһ
¥˹׵ǺܰԣڵԲ붼ǽĶ

˾ȥѧУˣӸ¥˹·ȽԶ͵ѧУſڷֱ𣬻ĵĶξͻȥҵʱҲһһ

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ϻ˷ɫ

¥˹׿ıӰûЦˡ
˲ˣŽתˡ

ҵ츨Ա˵ĽңڲߵʮıȽ磬϶ûˣ˸ǰŵλ£ҺСһɨȥʮλ

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һӵŮѧ̵ļˬʿڣԺͬѧˣȻʶһ£ҽ÷ƽƽͬѧʲôѽ

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̷̣ƽƽЦſһ䡣
˵ʵ⣬һ͸ǲһٿ̵ĳ࣬ղŽǾע⵽ˣƯľˣһǼõģ˲ദղ÷кԥһ£ڼЦĿģԼˡ
ܣŲһ䣬ſţƽƽ

ԼЦøˣлл
ӿڴͳǷָǳԣˮǣԼҲһš

÷ƽƽ˼Ľˣʦû˾λ졣֪ԭҲ֪࣬һͨ߿سǵģ챻ֵһȥס̣Ůӵô̸֣һϤˡ

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ô˵˲ˣǾ˵ôôۣôܻôףһ뵽̵ĲӾˣƽƽĽãǵһģǿû˵ҵ˳ܹȥΪúýũ壬֪ȥ֮ŷ쿪ػҲũĽ˼һǶ£ʱһĻ֪࣬ûǼͱżˣҲز˳ǣؼһ˾ͣ治ζ
ȥָ߿Ϣƴѧϰÿֻ˯СʱϹʱҲĬĬ飬־ԸҲ̫õѧУѡʲôӢרҵҲ˲࣬ϵĻ㣬ôҾԺҵĺٳԵࡣ

ⷬ˵Աߵ÷۾죬־ÿ֪඼ЩͬܣΪȫӵģԼȴˣ˭ܸˣ

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һ߿ǰҼ˷·ˣ֪ҿϺһϲ

ǰ˹ҵѧרҵεһء

Ӵˡ

ⳡ̸ֱҵ÷ƽƽҲˣ÷ˣҲ֪࣬ȥ꿼˴רϼ飬ҲǱˣ̴Ǹӡ
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̺÷øжĵͷﶼƽƽ˲ֵý

ʱ򣬰˲ˣߵʮңԱˣһˣȻͰȥ顣

ȻѧӢרҵȻαӢΪʱϲḻԭҲǸջָ߿û׼ã鲻Ǻܶ࣬ݶǳԣرĻһӢֵ䡣

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ҲǿˣԱ±ȽֱӹϣȫǺԼķʽɲԭţԼС͸ͺãԽǰڰϵ೤ѧĸϯæҪⱲֻӮ

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ſαѾźˣԱð೤ȥαںڰϣȫ

ĸֱʣαϸĵĳдϰмҳֽϣ׼ȥ˺ǽϡ
дʱ򣬸Աڰת˵ϴѧעÿ첻ܳٵҪʱϨƣһĿΣ

ʱѧﻹûʲôţεʱԼˣҪѧʲôģԻȽƵƽʱһѧڳβĩԳɼӰ졣
ӿʲôģԱû˵Ӧӿ

ס棬᷽עͲҪעˣſֿβ࣬綼ûΡ

ԱҲǣ̵˼Ƿģһǰڿξġ

Ȱ೤α󣬸պô¿壬ϢʮӣڶڿθԱͿʼϿˣ鱾塣
һڿΣھרҵˣ绹רҵΡ

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ó̫̫˵һӢǻܰӢ˵ôãʱܴܳ

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ʦһߣ˲в˺ѡרҵҲ̫ˣͷ۲ֱˣ֪Ҿѡרҵѧʲôãǹûˡ

ǣҲ֪רҵɶ

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÷ƽƽһͬ⡣

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׷һ㣬ϻԵ

̽׷Ž¥˹ײŻгһ飬̵Ķˡ
ôô

¥˹ֲ̧˲ͷĺʦˣ¿κ󸨵Աȥ˰칫ҡ
ֽ͵츨Աҵ೤Ȼд㶫ȥ

鵹ǲѣ֮ǰڹϰ࣬ƽʱˣÿÿµĸҲдģѾˣǷѵʱ䡣

̵ͷԼǰ೤
ȻҲ˵緢£˵ԼѧϰίԱ£ϴЩNɪרҵڶǻѧӢ
˵껹԰ڵĸѧ䡣

¥˹׾ϲ⸱˵ӣĶŻˡ
̴һˣҲѧ˿ˣЦ˵һ䣬

극Ъ˻˾ͻط˯
ڴϣһʱЩ˯ţ˯ˣҲû磬Ϣĺܺãġ

̷¥˹׻ϵζܺţֵϢһڣƬ̵İ

룬ҪҪѧпջаѺˣѧβ࣬к٣żҲ٣Ҫ¥˹ܰæչˣȻԺˣӿܾһ˵£¥˹ǸרҵעԺæ붼ࡣ

һ뵽ҪӣľЩӣӺʹʱҽˮƽߣΣҲҪ֪ôĸףԼС

ԽԽ̲꣬ס̧ͷһۣ֪һ̧ͷͿ˶Ѿ˯ˣǳĽëһȡ
ǶȿƤӢͦıǽĺɫ

ʱһ˯ţã˯ģҲ֪ʲôء

ýҡҡ¥˹΢΢ۣɣ˻ûѣʶ󱳣һ䣬ôˣ

ֽ۾ŴһȻ֪ͨһҾھҪӣˣ˯ɡ

˵ջ֣۾˯˲ˡ

......

¥˹װûӦʶ˵ʲô󣬾ͼѾˡ
ڴϣ죬Ťͷ̱ӰüΣ´ҲҶʲôֻһʱƽ

»˯ˡ

˼ֿ̧˿ԥ֮´Ӻ汧ס̣ɳƵߵʮӡ

̸պ˯ˣôһ֣ȫûˣŤŤӣҪ˯

¥˹򴽣˯ģ㶯
˵꣬˹

......
ôǰûôҪأ




80.  ڰʮ         Ҳ֪ǡ

Ҳ֪ǲ˷̫ƵԵ, µ̾ͷԼˣƳʮûȻŻܡ
Ͼִ˲ٵӾ, ûԹҲܣԼ

ʱ䣬µʱûǱˣ̻, ҲҪ, ֪һ¾˷Ӧ
ֻ˵, ¥˹ײΪǡ

µôº, ̾ͳпȥҽԺ˸, û, ȷʵ, һ¡
׼, Ҳûжྪ, ܵȥʾ֡
¥˹׻ѧУϿΣŵʾָոĸдһżĹȥȥһЩ, ׼ȥԼúò

Ե¥˹ʱͷʮַḻǴŹǾ, ƽʱǶĩһ⣬֪ʲôӡ

¥˹Ҳʲô, ̵֪ӣһһ극ڿȥϴˣȻȥˮϴ, ˻·ϴɾúһȻֶ˴ԻΪһŬ
ʱֻҪںţ̶ܾҲΪˡ

֪û̱ڻ̾ԱһȻͷͳһֱֽϣнˡ

¥˹һʱûӦ˼ʶֽú͵ƣ̫ڣͷ˿ֽһҽԺļ鵥ӡ
ü¶ɫȻǰ涼רҵûôӹĲֱ֣ӿµĽ棬ֻдһ仰һ¡



¥˹ԴһƬհףҪϲϲӣǿ϶ϲģǰԺĺӳʲôԼһŮģѧո衣
ʱ䣬߶ӣ¥˹ҲȺģҹҹ£ҲƹΣϲȣҲиĵ

ֻǣôû뵽ô졣
Ӧ

ãȻϲ

ֻûϲãֵ̾ҽ˵ӻСҪȻźӡ
˵仰ʱЩ飬֪ΪΣԴ¥˹ӵĴ
Ǵɣ


¥˹ɫ΢򴽣ż鱨浥ӿһһ飬ַƽ̹Сḧһ䣬滳ˣ
Щ˺¸𾪡

̵ͷţҽҼأڻС¾Իˡ
˵ԼҲͷḧţһε裬ָо档

¥˹ױû˵ʲôˣСؽڻǱЩ

̽ͷ˲䣬Ц˵һ䣬¥˹ףҪְˡ

ţҲҪˡ

ϽȡкŮĶҪС

ãҾȥֵ䡣



ոĸŵźܿ죬ǰ֪Ҫһ£ʮ͵ˣ
ոĸ̫ˣдֽȫƪǹڻеעǶóԵģҪúòЩĸ˵˶֪ǰ˻ʡǮڲˣ¶СӪ
ӻûأ̺¥˹׾ͱ˳躢ӵļҳ

¥˹ף϶дС˵дС˵ӦòѾʡǱֽϷˣʲôܳı磬Ҳһĳɼ»õϸµĸѣȻֻǮҲǸܲĿͷˡ
Ǯóˡ

Ҳڼƻ꿪£˺ӾͲٵùҹˣøӴһõļͥúиҸֵͯꡣ
˹ڻеעոĸᵽոҪʡ£ոԥΪеǸȨСʡǺǺã϶ɸˣҲûʲôڹŮˣûʲôԥˣһһãĸպҲˣֱڼҰæСҲͦá
׼ûĻ·ݾͻʡǡ

˵жܣȻǲĸĸһ㶼ĸ˺ӺᵽĸĲס

ǻеԵʣƢЩУŶ۾ˣ¥˹׺ЦĽ˱ţͷԺúȺã̶ˣСۡ׵ģСҲɢŵ㣬껹󣬰֣ʲôǺ¡

ȷʵǺ£ĸߣҲܰһ㣬Դ̻УеţĲӰ캢ӡ
ڶæÿϿѧϰûʲôҪ

ոĸţҲдŹˣҪ˵ѧУڰᵽѧУסˣ֮ǰס򶫼ģڸסѧУƽʱѼ棬ÿζĩܾһΣˡ

򶫺ŷǷֿдģ͵͵дԼźɩӸ˽Ҷ˵ûӣҲͷˣǴר䲻ϳ򶫡ڳǸѵģһ٣ȻȥסˣʱסᣬҲ׼ӡ
Ͼڳô꣬͸ĸֵܵĹϵԶˣкͬʹĸ
⡣

̲̿סңҺôʲôϱ油ϵġ

໹дѾˣһؼҸĸ͸˵˸здŸҫûյ
̵ȻûյˣӦ֪ʲôӣǰɪϾܸɪ

ţ̸ոĸŹȥ

ӣ̾Ϳʼڴĸոǹˡ

ڼոĸǰ̵ȼһˣȻҲߣסͦġ
Ϊʱˡ

ֻǸһ֣סͲ¥̺¥˹׳ɢǡÿӭϡ

һˣƤƫڣͨΣҲжߣǸоͦݵġ
ں棬ɫŲƤͦ׵ģ㣬ҪȥǸ߰˷ƣ̶ϲˡ

ϵʶ¥˹ףЦźһ¥ͬѧ

¥˹׵ͷФͬѧ

վ¥˹Աߣ΢ůˣһɫĶף°߷ֺɫֱͲӺһ˫ҺɫЬЬǳڣ׺żźɫСԵЩƤɰ
ͷһֱûмڶǰˣͷŨܣЩңԸͷɢɢģĵСɾ¡
Ա¥˹һǳɫëºͺڿӣվһ𣬼Ϊ䡣

ϳ۾һֱ͵͵ʶȤˣӼǺ͵ͷĽġ

¥˹׺ФͬѧҲû˵ʲôкͿֱˣ

Զˣ̲̲סʣô

Ȼˣ¥˹׽ˣȻʲô飬Ǻ档

¥˹ƺ֪һ㣬ҲФͬѧȥҲ˹ҵѧҽѧרҵѧУϿεʱ档

֪ѧУҽҽרҵ
ǸФͬѧ˭ǰ˵޵ڹȥˣ

¥˹׵ͷФͬѧǸڹĴӳΪˣŮףȢꡣ
λФͬѧΪܵˣŮ׺ˣ˵Ҫ£ŶӿһӶȢϱФұɴ£ȻФţ
Фͬѧȣ¥˹뵽Լ̲סЦ

Щ£Ͳ˵ˣﲻ

һ˼о黹еĹ켣չˣֻǴ¥˹׻Фͬѧ




81.   81          ⡭

Щûʲôϵ, ҪФɾͻȻţ̾ǿܶʲô

Фɾڴҹŵģ̺¥˹׶Ѿ˯, ϻ꣬ιţҪ¥˹˯ǳ, һ˸

¥˹׽ƽʱ, ԼҲʪ, ̴·, ״Ͻóë, ĵȲ, Ȼðˡ
˵, תȥȥˮȡ

¥˹ë˲ͷ, ԱФɾͷ˵
̴ɡȥ˳, ¥˹ײɫ΢䵭ȥҪ˻ûҿ԰ɳ
ûء

⻰, Фɾ̧ͷһۣԥ̽ŵȥѧУ𣿡
ƺǰȴ

¥˹붼;ܾ, Уӻ, Ҳһڼ̫á
˵ղȥûʲôǰͬ⣬ô, ûʲôˣֻСһ㡣

οȥ꣬ôʲôϵûôĵġ

Фɾ˵ˡ
۾Աߵ¥˹ϣ˶٣߶վֱȣӹһ˿â

̺ܿʹɡӳˣе㲻ãͿûţƽʱû£͵ùˣҪɡ
̸ФɾһˮФɾûʲôЩͬˣФɾҲϵͳƷˮǰϣȰɣůůӣ˽

˵ֶ¥˹׵һ룬ҲѶˡ
ղŴɡȫù

¥˹׳ЦЦſڵɡȥˮ˹

ӷｫú͵óˣ˲˼֣Фɾʪ͸˫룬˵ˡлл

Ȼͷ˼ں̧ͷƾϰɫú͵ƴӣҲûͲ¥ö٣ǵط㣬Ҳֻ࣬һӺŰʣһǽĹӣʲôԱ߷һг
Ƿ䣬ǿŵģղ̴ʱһۣﶫҪһ㣬ɫ黨ӣǽŻϻһƿ
ʰĸɾů

¥˹״ӳȻط˯

̵ͷһФɾתݣҲ˵ʲôֻϣ¥˹ײԷ޵¡

̻صûã¥˹׾ͻˣû˯ţһˣ˯ЩϰߣȻĻЩ¥˹ס

¥˹ʪ·Ѿ²ˣ̻»·һϴһ̲סʲô

¥˹ױ̫˵£̶룬һ䣬ûФɾڼҵȲˣңȽŲ㣬Ҳֻǣٵȵȣ绹ûĻȥɳ
ҰˣЩ㣬ûͬ⣬ղȥˣסͲ¥һ㣬ҲԶҾܻˡ
˵໳̵ļϽ۾˯Ѿˡ

Ȼµйأû뵽Ȼô̲ס̧ͷ¥˹һۣ¥˹׵Զ·𿴵һƬ͵Ĵԭӡ
ϾУǷ¥˹ϵģЩǵã걻ǮͬѧͳԷʦؼˡȸĸ￪ź͸ˣϱ߹ĸ̡ӹľӢл켣ڸڰͨԵ˧ϰ塭Уһ඼ˣһûԡ
ò˵ʱûͦˬġ

¥˹ױ񿴵òڣΪﲻܣ޲һ䣬Фɾ֮ǰסѧУģФɾѹϵܣ˲Űġ

˵»ͦƵģǰʱѧУһӣФɾԼסѧУˣᡣҽѧƽʱζ࣬ǲ¥ûˣѱܣҲһֱû֣Ǹڰ༶ٻϢ޹֪󲻷¥ȥȻ⿴ˮϴ·ꡣ

ûֻã˾ӰѿҪôһ뿪Ҫô˶뿪

ǻײФɾѱ§§Ҳ¥˹ͬѧ˵ģסһŮôһûУֻҲû⴫ѣ˽Ѿǲˣ֪˻١
¥˹ȻסѧУѧУϢȴͨѾرõѣ˵ˡ

Ĺ¼Ѿֲˡ

ǵФɾûô
һ˶Ĳ֮Фɾɷ򲻿һ˿оûС
ФɾŲһֱװɷӣ϶ԼĴ㡣

̸һŹĴ¼ǵãԭкûڣС¥˹סñӶǴıȽޣǾ¥˹Ȣ˸ӣ˵˫ȲмҲϸչš
¥˹ףФɾҺܶ࣬ñӴʵʵڵģ˳

뵽̲ס˱¥˹ףԴο˵һ䣬ֻãҲֻһˡ

¥˹ЦˣȻ֪Ϊʲô˵仰ﻹǺϲ
ͷͷҲǡ
ᡣ

ʵǸܲˣҲֻܹɷЩΪ֪ͷβϲֻ
ҲΪϲŸȥϲ
е˽ϣϲĶһ㣬ൽ벻Լ

飬̺ûôˣ˵ǵڶϾͻˣҲȥɳ
ʲôФɾû˵¥˹Ҳûжˡ

Ҳʱոĸˣǰ˰¡
ոĹڻеεʡǻеεְλʡǻеˣԭȵˣճְλӦֲոΪ֮ǰϼе飬ոְ꣬ˣʲôûȥ쵼ѳŪģϵͲˣոʡǶ֮ǰĵǸҲǳ쵼쵼ȨĽ

ոȻΣǿ϶ֵܷӵģҲͲ¥ѰͲ¥Ҫһг̨ǽںܺʵøֽˮģЧرá
ⷿӱԭĻе¥á

ոĸʱ̺¥˹׻ٹȥˣҲǰһˣеҲˣһС
⻹̵һСʮĸо¥˹ųģгŲˣֻгں档
˼¥ʱ̰οƵ˵һ䣬ûʲô˼еΣĽ


粻˵
¥˹û

ոҪȥһˣֻʣĸ¥˹ףڻˣȻеػ¥˹Ůϡ

̴ϣһ߳ʳһ߰æ飬Ҳġûɨɾָת
ĸȥˣһģûһۣ֪۸ˡ
Ȼ¥˹׵С¥Ъһ

¥˹ײ˲û£裬Ҳۡ

ĸ⸱ʵӣתӰóһ֦֦óǱģֱ¥˹׻Ѵϱߴģʲô֦ñţȻ׻һЩţʣ¶ˡ
ԣⶫóԣеϻ𡣡

¥˹ҲеɨѣԱȥ֦ԣⶫûԹЩ档

һ۾ϳˣʱĲˣæȥá
֪Ҫʱ򣬱¥˹׶ȥˣûԤϵķӦһſ

¥˹𴽽ЦģȻԡ
۸

ô˵ŵʱõһְִ֦
ƺϲĶû꣬Ϳʼһˡ

ֻ۰ͰͿš

¥˹׼״΢΢ƫǿӡ

㣬š

¥˹׺ͷһ㶼

ԱߵĸֱЦ




82.  ڰʮ         ɨһ

ɨһ, ཫ¼ʰɾˣʮһʱոˣﳵһ³, егڲʮַ㡣
Ȼһ˳ȥǵⷿ

߻û𣬺ЩûУȥ, Էֻȥԡ

ǵⷿﲢԶ, ﳵʮҡ
·Ƶȥ˵, صⷿ, ĸ¥˹ֱȥ˳, ոιۼ, Сʰĸɸɾ, ոú, ǾüҾе, С¥ʱסס°ȥǱ߻һ䷿, Ҳ˷ˣҲϰ࣬ƽʱ, Ҳһ㡣

⻰ո˵̺¥˹ҲҪ, ûкǿܻ棬ڻ˺ӣӦþЩæˣһеλú, ȥĶѧУ¥˹ѧУ೤ʱ䡣
ոǷ¥ط󣬸ɾһ¥ĳʪӲ֪ö٣ҪǣȥܺԶ

̵ͷֱӲҪһŴ󴲣һװ˿ģҪһСԺ˯

ոЦˣƺ̵̬ȣУһŴġ

˵Ժסĵط̾лˣ֣ҾǷӿ̨ͦģҪһط䣬ϴϲá

ոʶ㣬һ˵֪ʲôˡִ̼שŪʪֱһ͸ɾˣҲҪеطϣе˷ǮˣҲ֪סãϾԼסȻôô

ոŮ̵绹ԭΨһĹŮЩΣֻҪǺֵܹҪᾡЩ󲻽˷Ǯϸϸô
̻ȥֽͱʣȻϻո˵ڽźһ䣬ֱ̨ͨεһӣϴĵطϲĵطûһרϴ̨ӡ

̵뷨ݺҲǲʵ֣Щ鷳ϾѾˣûԡõĹӣǴӡ

ոֽ濴ûһھֻܾ˵һͷʡ
˵߸ûϼѻʶġ

أ극ĸոͻȥˣﻹЩҪʰڻУ绹Ҫݣûȥˡ
ˣ̺¥˹ڴ˵̵Ҷûʣ־ֱˣҲãҰʹˣסһƽʱչһ£ҵԺˣҲһ㡣

¥˹׵ͷţڽˣԺʲôҲҪֵһ㡣

Цˣ֪İɣҲռҰˣȻֻһŮнŵģԼǮԼ
¥˹׵뷨¥˹ǲռĸıˣҲǲǷոĸ̫࣬˵滰ոĸסһһԭסĽһ㣬չӡ

¥˹⻰ˣе̲̫壬ʱʲô˺ĸģá

һļ٣˯ȥոĸ̫ˣ˯˯еãȥǱѾĵˡ
ոĸܿ죬ҲæˣҾ߻ˣոĸ׼˯ԣʹˣҲûʲôֻҪһŴһ¹ˣŮŮԺкӣ飬ҴһŹ

ԵĴˣһģǵĴ󴲻ûҪոѾҵˣҪҵ¹ԼԵѾ͹ˣǼҾ߳רſ͵ģҾһ

̺¥˹׹ʱĸڳæţưЩˣղȥ˵ζϺס
ô˵Щ㣬ʲôֻú¯ӡ

棬ոų׼̵뷨ŪʲôģסͲ¥Щ鷳Ҫ͵¥ȥĹ̵ۡ
̵ǸöƷ̻ǵúӡŴ컨̵װֱˢ¹ۡ

¥˹ȥոæĴͨ磬Ȼȥĸ˵ԼѧУ¡
һãƽʱβ࣬˹ףѾʦȥʵˣѧӦûæҺͰֹˣȻԺֻһˡ

ĸϴ˸СƹϳԣҲ˵ˣ˹Ǹרҵһ˶ϲأԺǸϢġҲúѧǹԺô˵׼Ȼרҵ϶ôģҲɵӶ԰ɣŪûõרҵ
㲻õģҺڳô꣬ҲСлãܶɼأݣҲڳָɶģ⼸ǲҪıģͺúѧϰҲҪ˹ױ̫࣬һˡ

⻰Ҫ˵ŮģŮӺãԸԼԿҲռ˵ˣסߣǷռңղԸ⿴ġ
ʵСӣų⼸껹ܶǣŮŮǺúӣǰҲĸˡ

̶ĸ˼ͷ֪˵ʲôЩˣȴţԺӱĵط

·Եģĸ˺ü̲ˣһҲй²ԣĸ¥˹ȥӪˣ㣬һӡ

ĸҲʶ̺¥˹֮ǰҲȥ׼ҳԹη˵ûʲôУһͻ˵ˡ
ڳĸӣ˸бµŮ
ĸЦúϲ£졣

ϳ극̾ͺ¥˹׻ȥˣ֮ǰĸŴƷǰϴţԼһ⡣ĸһ⣬ֻһӣʣ²٣ⶫ治סãûȥԣС¥Ҳˣ߳ԣʡԼæ

̽ӹĸеĶȻ˳ƸԱߵ¥˹ף⻰ͷãξ͹

˻֣ת¥
Զ̲ŵҲã´ʲôֱ˲˴Ҳ׳ǵġ

¥˹һ֪Ǳⲻ˵¡

ɢ˼ҡ

˼ң¥˹׸սˮպãФɾһżӣһԺӾ˵£εڼҲ˰æֻù¥˹ס
⻰¥˹ɫЩÿ˭̯˭ùôԼģڶˡ

¥˹׳Ĭһ۾ϵФɾ򴽣Ȼһ
ûֱӾߣת˳ȵˮȥԷ̵ϴţˮһ
˵꿴һۣû˵ʲôתš

ҲФɾĻˣﲻҲ˵¥˹׾ܾĻҪǳ£¥˹׿
ȻӦûʲô£Ҳ˵׼һ깥ʧˡ

Ҳֻ̲²⣬һߣ̾͹Թϴ裬ϴˮûֱ˴
ǻеԵʣ˯Ƚ϶࣬׼¥˹׻˯֪֪˯ˣҲ֪˶ãŸож

ԺۣȻ̧࣬ˣô£ҪҪ

¥˹׽˱ˣûʲô£ѾȥҽԺˣ˯ɡ
ڷʲô£˵ŵˡ

Ҳû룬˵ͷŶǾͺãФɾأ

¥˹ײ֪뵽ʲôüһ˿ӣǵҲҽԺ
ҽԺûĻʱҽ˵ʱФɾϲûбֳѹɫƽʱҽʿΪɷ
Ƿ޼¥˹ײȤɴտڲ̸

˵¥˹׳˼µȰǱŪúǾͰȥɡ
ǱФɾţҲ÷ֲʲôúĵˡ

̵ͷˣᡰһ

̺¥˹ôȥ˵ĻոĸǱôģ¥˹ﲻ죬ŮסŮ˵ȥЩŮںЩ
ǣº̺¥˹׾ͳĩпգⷿȥˡ




83.  ڰʮ         ҲҺա

ҲҺ̺¥˹װ, ˵ûǱ߾Фɾĸסʹɩһˣ˺üŽ, Фɾĸ׺ʹɩ֮ǰһ̼¥˹׵лллʱǶФɾչˡ

Ҳ֪ôģһ, ̺ĸҲý, , 绹˲ٺòˡ
ФɾڹǱȽ, ǵòܿ, ˺һ, ϻЩ⡣ֻ״̬ô, Фɾĸ۾, ǿЦ, һž˵ŸмĻ¥˹˺ã, ѹȢĺϱ

ĸФɾҲЩ˽⣬˽˵һЩô², ֻЦŵô˵ҹŮܼ޸С¥Ҳ, ǳƢҸʱܲˣҲֻС¥̵סҲŮ˵, ǸбµģѧУɼܲԺѧڳﵱҽǰ;

⻰ФɾĸײðοˣӦøǫ鼸ģʵҶడõĲˣΪǸŮҽŲмñ˻飬Ǽ˵ҪչҶһӣ֪һȫˣ카ĵġҲҴҲûȥǸʲôˣʱԸչҶӣҲæӦ£֪֪ˣԸСӴһӹҲȢɨǡ
ֶ˵ˣֻǸŮˡɼжӦФĸԸᣬ¶ĵ˱ˡ

ĸҲڷ֯ôְ꣬ȻҲǸ˾ФɾĸıԹͲ˸߰˰ˣ𾪲ѣûˣҪڳ¸θå
ҲҿˣȻôţ

ĸ˼ˣ¥˹ûҪԣĸװаһװһװˣһϴϽĴѣոﳵ¥˹͹ȥոѾǵһθˣᳵ·ų¥ЦǺǵġ
Ȼס¥гÿ춼ǰ¥ڼģ±͵ˣҲʪˡ

Фɾĸ׺ʹϱ״࿴һۣﶼЩζ
ФɾĸףСҲ¥֪٣ȢϱȴһһءҪСӵȢ֪࣬ڹôࣿдסĸǸƵģãܰĲ٣׸ҲԸ⡣

Ĵӣֹסܣĳ֪ûãɻӶ࣬ȻˣҲûʵǵÿˡ

ФɾûڼչФɾҪǲФɾ굥ڼңФɾʵֺסˡ
ﲻǿ𣿵½ɲ˽֤ʲôģķҪҶȥǸܾǵһ졣̲ô۸ҶӣȻˣҲйģФ̲ҶӲ룬ҲҪġ
Фɾĸն

ФɾɩԱߵͷС˺ãԺ϶ҵһõˡ

⻰һԵǰûӦ
ǲˣ

С¥˹סʲôû飬ΪФɾˡ¥˹ס
ת룬ǲһģΪ¥˹סûΪ

Фɾĸ׺ʹɩ극ˣǵĴԣǾФɾԶиʶǺ£Ժʲô鷳˰æ
̺¥˹ײʲôĮˣҪʲôѣȻԸֻ֣йصǾˡ

ԶҶҪˣФɾҲᾭš

һߣĸͺ¥˹׵ͬѧ̾ͼ򵥸˵ǸڹӳĶӣɼã˵һź£֪ˣŮףȻȢǵʱǸӵꡣ

˵̱꣬㽫ǰĹ¼˵һĸʱǺܺã޵ڹûʲôϢˣû뵽ȻҲʡǣסⷿǰʱ˹װæе㱻ˣ͸ɴˡ
Щûĸ˵ĸ

ЩĸﶼԺǱˣС¥Ǹúӣ
ŮĲϣ̲ĸֳиŮְæû˼˴лˣЩ˾ûûƤġ

Ҳ֪һϻˣĸ˵Щ

ΪסԶ̾ͼûФɾˣֻ֪ФɾԭЩԥĸ׺ʹһ֣˻顣ФɾⷿסСùչֻܻؼңֺ˵ûȥ֪ܵȥˡ

ˣΪԭ¥˹ԽԽԶҲʲô
Ҳʱ佨ˣ˵ԼڵʦѧȻؼһˣȿѧʱٹɡ

̺¥˹׶ΪеˣﻹᵽŴɽǣӢҲˣǴרѾϼˡûϣ˸˸ϱйϵŪسȥˡֻŴɽӣ֪ͨ黹ûҲ֪ûУ˵⼸Ǻܺá
Ҳ˴רż˺üΣ̶ӳҺϣøСӣǾͲˣͬ⣬ܹæ

佨治֪ôæ̶ӳ˲ǳǵģȥ˲̶ӳ˵ΣһöûУҲ֪ô죬ϾҲò˼Ҽ¡

֪˼߹ˣҪ֪ͨҲˣھŴɽˣ˵һûС
Ҳַ󵱳۹ⲻã˭Ҳ̶ӳܵܣ֪ûʲô̶ӳб£ܵҲб°

佨дֽһ붼ڷɧɼֵͦķġ

̸еȵǣ佨ţûǻյŴɽˣŴɽд¥˹׵ģֱӼĵѧУȥ
¥˹ѧУѾˣɫǺܺÿʲô£¥˹ԥó

̴ŷ⣬ɨ漸֣ſţٶȽɫҲ𽥱ࡣ

Ŵɽдĸ߿ɼܱ˶ˣȻõǡܡۣȴ˺֤ܶݣ˵Լķͣÿⶼ˴𰸣ȷ佨ĺãļѧǺܺãаܹϡ
ΣɶԼǸӳĶӣϴȥʳʱ򣬸ӳϺ飬丱ӳ֪Сѧûҵֶϲȫȥ껹˵ҪƼϹũѧȴԼ˴ѧҴѧȥˣĵһ־ԸʡʦѧԺѧרҵ佨һȥ־ԸѡĶǸѧУֻѡѧ佨ѡӢ
ŴɽڣҪҲѡӢʲôģܾͲᱻˡ

ŴɽԽԽ²Ծôɺϣȥʱ˷·ÿζڽߣֻҪһ䶼СȥسɳüˣҲûʲôӦʵҲܹæˣ绰ؼңĸֻɹġ
治֪˭뵽дŸǣϣܰæ⡣

ץס¥˹׵һŴɽûб棬ǶҪŪһģǳԴ
룬ֵȥʦϲʶˣҪʶǾֱӲ鿴ӵʱ͵͵Ҳˡ
ѧϰίԱƽʱѧϰɼãƵʦϲѧϰӢ츳ڸʦϤ

¥˹׻̵֣ЩжķӦԼһ취
ҡҡͷ̫Щ㻳в㣬ʦĵַдҾͺãȥˣӦöҲ졣
üȥѧУ̣һΡ

̾˵ҲеͷУ˳һʦûʶѧרҵϽڣʱϽڳ棬Ӧúðܶࡣ

ãھдҽ粻ȥʵˣֱȥˣдʦһ˲ڼҡ
˵¥˹ױ㼱Ҵվŷۺ÷Žڴ׼ʦȥ֤Լ⡣
Ȼתֳȥ׼г̥

ոĸҲڼңʷʲô£¥˹Ҳǣ˵Ŵɽ¡
ĸһۣʲô°Ҳ̫ȱˡ

ոתȥùһЩƷһȥһ˳治㡣

¥˹̧ͷԥˣ֣һӦÿԡ

ո˵ĸˣʲôѽֻ˵һҲż֣Ȼһ˼һΪʲôĿء
ĸҲȥʰЩǰϣȰţʵڲУֻԴȥѰæһǿ

ĸô˵ˣ¥˹ҲͲپܾ
ȴůůģмĲһ񲻹ʲô鷳Ƕһȥ˲ٺ¡




84.  ڰʮ         ¥˹׺͡

¥˹׺ոһ, ʦϵһĺʦ¥˹׺ոţȷŴɽûб¼ȡ, ҪѧУ¼ȡϵŴɽǽͺðܶˣȥĺʦ

ʦǸӣ¥˹׺ոȥѧУ, ȻѧУ¼ȡһ㷭ҽյ֡
һֽ, ¥˹״ͷʼ, ѧԺǿطҵŴɽ, ֺѧļϢ, ;ס, ŴɽԵϺ, ȷˡ

ҲŴɽ, 佨һѧУ, ̺¥˹װæʡȥ˲鷳ҪѧУ治һô˳
Ҳ鷳, ֪ͨѾȥˣ϶ֽţȻôĿŵŴɽˣ

¥˹׳ʦ˵ȷʵѵ, ϢҲԵϣûĻ, ݱ˶ˣ֪ͨҲ䵽ˣھǵ˲Ͻ֪ͨó

ʦʦǵһֶ˵, ΪʦȻģָ߿Ϊбµѧ֮ǰĹũѧֱò׵ȵһˣȻôҪ

ʦҸϵһ£ûѧܲٸλͬѧ·һ֪ͨ飬֪ͨʱĵǱˣһֳ¾Ͳˣλͬѧʡһˣô֤ݵĶ
˵ͼҴҪߣѧУҲǴˣĻѧҪҪڿѧʱŪݼĴڡ

ʦҲɷʶѧԺĳ½ڣϻȥ˳½ڼܲܺѧԺԺϻ˵һղźʦ˵ĶԣûѹһˣЩҪϸ˽⣬ȥϵһѣܲռһЩ֤ݡ

¥˹Ӧˡ
ոȥ·ϣո¥˹ȻؼңȥɳΪ˽һ¸߿̡ܱܲ
ôĿŵĶˣӦòһģǸ쵼ŵȥʵۣβУȥһ壬ȥϵͬѧ

¥˹״æͷг͸Ͻؼҡ
ﵽ·ϵʱ¥˹ͻȻȥѧУʦ٣ȻŻ˼ҡ

صҺĸ˵ҾûǵռһŴɽ֤ݣŴɽڵĻӣѧУ·һ֪ͨ飬ҲҪ˸£绰㣬ֻйе绰һ˾֪ˣдʱеãȽ鷳ѾѧУ˼٣׼Ͼͻȥһˡ

ĸ˵ǣô𣿡

¥˹׵ͷ򴽵ԽԽá
Ŵɽ嶯˲õ¡

̿Ӿ֪ѾþˣŤͷĸϽ棬˹һ綼ûԶ
˵תͻط䣬Ҫ¥˹׼·˵Żȣϴ衣ڻȥҲãӦ賿ܵʱȥҲûܿ
ǿȥҪˡ

¥˹Ҳ˼Ż˷䣬Լʰ·ҾǲԲȥ·˭϶ܡ
ӶûʲôˣŴɽ൱ڹԮˣҪǰһһ⡣

¶мɫǰӵ쵼ϲ۸ˣʱǻ˶أû˿ɲ۸ɽǣҲҿ佨ڹСѧ飬ѡ˸ӢרҵȻҲûźá
˵ҡҡͷ֪ж˸Ŵɽһأ佨ﲻдרøСӶ²ձ飬ӦҲǸҺȥ꿼ˡ
ͷһ߿һûعأֽҲ

һЩۣԱ¥˹׸ϽæˣԼŪС
Աߴš

̿æͷ󺹣ЩۣҲʲôԼܰ˵ģʵڰﲻҲˣŴɽĸ͡ء
˵ӢֽȥˣҲ˵ӢʲôϾÿ˵뷨һ˵ӢӹҲ࣬ӢŴɽһҲһľҸŴɽҲһ¥˹סܸɡ

ǾԼͺá
̻ǽ¥˹׷ڵһλ

¥˹⻰ѵ¶һ˿Ц⣬ס
Ÿɾ·ȥϴ˸裬ȻһͰĸºõˣոʱҲˣûЪ£ͱĸʹ¥˹ȥվ

һȥոеŪ˷ݳ֤鷳ոֱֽдȻǸ¾ˣжԼǮ߻еĹʣϱġȥվ·ϣӪʱ˼ͷͷŴոȥ˻վ

ϵƱܺһûʲôԶ̵ˣԶ̵˲࣬¥˹׶ȵģֱϰ˵Ʊ
ոһˣ·ע㣬źá

¥˹׵ͷ⼸鷳չˡ

ոЦŰڰ֣չ˺Լˡ

¥˹׵ȵߵʮ˻𳵣һϻ𳵾ͿʼĿʮһңͳһ賿һ࣬¥˹׶ҪƱģֱϳǮˣСʱ賿ʱ򵽴سǣ׼ĳ֣ߵʱһֵͲ³ֱӴֵͲ֪ȥ
аûˣ¥˹ڰ·ϣּϤİĸо

һ·ܶ࣬ʹﵽ֪㣬˶˯û˷ĳ֡
ʱ¥˹׾͹ֵͲȥ֪㣬֪ұ߷ĴŴɽң¥˹ס

ŴɽЩ˯ĶǺܺãˣſ¥˹ף۾˲ˣɤӺһ˹ס
ǲԼΣҲʲôϣˣ¥˹׺ԶʡǣҲ޳ĪҵʱǹϵҲûô̫ã¥˹ס̸佨ߵĽдǷŴҽôû뵽¥˹׻һ

˵жǼٵģĸֵܶˣӢһõ֪ͨˣȫȻ⼸ĸ飬ҲǣԼû£Ҫǵ򶫡¥˹ȡ˵ϼ仰Ҳ䵽һ
˺ü죬ͷ׼
ͻȻˣ޳о˹Լ

¥˹ЩƣΪŴɽ£ͿʼæȻһϵĳ˽һСʱ·϶࣬ҲίԼˣֱӵϢһ£˵ûô

Ŵɽ˾Ѿܰοˣ⻰æϽȥҴ˯һҵ²ˡ

¥˹׵ͷ·ûѣֱŴɽϢȣҲҪʲôӵġ

ŴɽԱߴϷһűϣ֪ѾûˣȫŶĵطҲ˯۾ô˯š
¥˹ϣ¥˹Ǹбµģ֪ʱҾͿˣͬ統֪࣬ãڹйȻǹڹˮȻбµġ֮ǰ佨Ͳֹһθûڣ˵ȥҪǿϾͺˣ¥˹״аæʡȥܶ鷳ຫõ֪ͨڶߣ佨ĥʮ£ȶܶˣ˲Ǯ

֮ǰţҪ¥˹׻ӣ߿ɼӦòᷢԼϣ˵֪ᷢϡ
˵¥˹ڳҲĺã佨ͨţ֪ʲô˵¥˹׸ʡⷿסˣ˵̸Ҫʡǻеˣǰʱ佨õ֪ͨһʱ͸Ǵ绰ڵ绰ᵽڰˣסĸߣҪдŵĻַ
Ȼ绰û˵٣Ҳܲµĳʡǻеļ¥϶ܴ󣬲Ȼ̺¥˹Ҳȥ˺ôѧʡǱ߻дס˭֪ǼŮôϲ¥˹ף¥˹״翪ʼͽ˦ˡ

֮ǰЩĽЩʣǰҾõģŴɽҲ˼Ϊλ˼Լ¥˹ôãΪһžͣʡǸϹһϵƽƽˡ
Ŵɽڴٴ˯

ڶһ磬ŴɽͳϹˣ¥˹׼˯繤岻һ٣صʱ¥˹Ѿˣóײ緹
ֻдͻƹϣĳ˲ˣȻһСࡣ

þûԹô嵭ķˣΪ̻еԵʣٶٶˮոÿоʮĹʣܶͨԱݲֹҲǮÿ±ֽĸжʮң㹻һĿڶٶٳˣǼƽʱĶǱȽϱ˵⣬ŹЩ
ΪԵĺã¥˹׶ԼƽʱѧϰˣͬѧʵҴ˻ͷΣжĶӽеġ

緹ʱ¥˹׽ʡǵŴɽ˵ˣ㲻õģѧУѾ֪׼·һ֪ͨ飬ҪĻҪͨˣ£ǿסߣҲû취سǶ顣

Ŵɽѣ⻰ʱˣô죿Ƕǻӵġ

¥˹ɫƽƺͿǺˣִֻܽˣȥسǡ




85.  ڰʮ         ¥˹ڡ

¥˹Ӵ, ֹ˷֣ŴɽϹ͵͵¥˹ȥسǵ, ١
ûеһʱȥسǾֱȥϵ磬Ŵɽ˶˵ˣóʦѧУ֤, ˵ڵıӵ쵼ʹ, ֽͨάȨ, ¥˹ǿ, ʡʦѧУ쵼Ѿ֪, ֤ȷ, ѧУѾŴɽ·֪ͨˡϵ, 뽫¹֮, Ļطܺ, ϣܹһá

˵;¥˹סŴɽϾǱôãƽʱûʲô, ±ȥ붼֪䶯Ͼ߿ŽãڴҶ֪ͨѧɼͦĵ, ¼ֱײǹϡ

ǣ¥˹״Աȥسɳ, εϴȫͬˡϴŴɽһģò֤ݣһʶ˵ԼãҲ˼ɳͬ־û, Ǿȥ飬Ҳֱƾȥ˼Ҽ﷭䵹񡣵βһˣ¥˹׽ղڱ˵Ļ¸һ飬ʡʾѧĵ绰˾ͬ־ͨ绰ȷ٣ͬʱŴɽԼݻЩó֤ԼŴɽ

Աͬ־űӼ¼ţɳͬ־ҲϣԼһģдڱֽϱȥǵʱǾ鷳ˡ
ɳӴͬ־Ͻϵ쵼쵼¥˹סŴɽλͬ־ȥ칫̸˽ǰĽ취

ɳ²ҪŴɽ⣬ǻǵһֱץţЩ˻ụӣҸжΣʱҲͲ֮ˣ뽫ǵ۵ʵʵڵġ

һ磬һ취ڶɳɳľͱͬ־һʡʦѧУʦǰ磬˵·ߣ֮ǰŴɽͬѧĻƺе⣬˳һ¡

Ͼͱͬ־Ǿģȥ˹쵼٩٩̸ûøӳԼСӹˣ˵ŴɽӳĴǹǣһ֣ڳ˶ûв𴩡

ҲҴݾߣ˵һЩ󣬷·⣬Ǽ˶ٷȻ˻سǣ汨ϾǵһӣȷҪô
ﾯָսӵϢʡǱ߾ʹ绰ˣѾ֪£ݺݳһ飬һҪϰ죬ž

سǾ־ȥ˹磬ֱӽӳӳСԼļ쵼ȫˡ
ڹ޴ĺ䶯

¥˹Ѿˣ֪϶кܶŴɽҪǻ϶ᱻ˷֣ʱҲҪϱֽô鷳
ǰŴɽ߲ɷĻʵ˵Ҫſ㣬ҽִֻкô

Ŵɽʹͷ¥˹˵ʲôʲôͱͬ־װʦ⻹¥˹׸ģȻҲô˳ãˣҾȥʡ㡣

¥˹׵ͷԣǰȥѧУǱҲȥ˵һ

¥˹׻ʡǣ⼸۵Ĳᣬһصĸ͸£ˣ⼸϶ۻˡ

ʡǶڱֽϿŴɽˣҲ֪˭дģ¼дĻɫĿۣһӲҪģȨı˽˼࿼ϵĴѧƾɶˣҪѧԼȥû㡭

ĸڼ˺ü죬ڿ¥˹˳ˣŴɽŮŮѣһ뵽⺢Ӿ̲סԼң׹ŮŮҲǴѧأҪǷ£ܺ

¥˹̻ԣ⼸ŴɽԴ˳˻ƹϾӣһˮûУþöûоӵˡ
һȥ¥˹׶㲻ô̫ˣŻ˳ٶȣȻһ߳Եڶһ߿ʼŴɽ鴦Ḷ́˵ոЦЦҪлл֣˵绰ˣﾯŸҷȥץģڸӳӡйԼ쵼ץˣӦҪ̡ŴɽҴȥúлл˼ҡ

ոڰ֣ʲôлģһ廹ҪллأǵĴ⣬ܵ˿佱
ҪŮ飬֪ȸͨڸ߿Ⱥţ´ҶģЩ˲ܶУҪܣҪƯȻڿɲ⡣

극Ѿߵˣ¥˹ȥϴ裬䰴֮Ĺ滮ģȻЩطг룬Լû𡣵ϡǽŻ̵Ĵש濿ĵطǲľ˸䣬Ҳ͸Ƕŵ֣ûкͰˮ䣬Ա߷һװˮľͰֱӳˡмϴĵطûԡͷԱи裬ÿν¶ȵϴˮõȥֱưҨˮϳϴҲһġŵĵطһϴ̨שţ氲װˮͷϴϴ·

Ȼװʱ鷳ò˵õʱܷ㣬ƽʱϴ趼ڷ׽Ūʪϴܲ㣬趼ǹˣվϴоɾ˺ܶࡣ
ϴΪӹԷ˵ҲҪڼŪһ

¥˹Ҳ÷㣬ȥ佫ԼĸɸɾŻݣϴ˸ͷΪͷ̣ë²͸ˡ
ǰ飬ŵĵڴ磬˿˿ģЩ¥˹߹ȥڴϣϻëͷ̵ıӰѾˣӱ˲٣󿴲ԣһǳ̸ӵĵȹ¶ѩϸƤԲĸ첲ϸϸģһͷںڵĳžһŮ

Ѿüûˣ֪ʱÿ˯ǰ¥˹׶Щ˯ţܲϰߣʱˣȻ̻˺ӣҲǾͶ¡
ûľǲһŴɽûķա

¥˹׶̵ıӰ˯ɣѾˡ
˵ëڴҲȥ

ûлͷ붼͵ȻҰ䷭ꡣ
Ҳ¥˹ףͷӡ

¥˹˫ַں£գ۵ٶȽЩˣҲ˯֧һ
һҲϴָŴߴ٣дɣ۾á

ҧŴ⣬ôҲû˼ˣһӣƽʱѧϰҹô˵۾ã
û˿ˮȻվȥź͵ơ

˯ֲǲ˯¶ࡣ
˵ô˵˴ȥûͱ˴Ӻ汧סˡ



û˵㲻˯𣿡

¥˹׵Ѿˣеˡ
ҲֻʱŻ˵

ǰ˸ۣŤͷ;ͱ˺סˣǰҲһʹ

˺þãȷֿʱѾ¥˹˳˳˲̲ӣĶС⼸ʲôõˣִˡ

⻰һ죬ƽʱһˣɧЩܲˡ
һִ̧ۣӺСǵ㡣

¥˹ЦҲС˵˾䣬Ҳǵñ̫

˵ʹӺȥˡ

̫ˣ˶һ룬¥˹ٶȻ󽥽ˣ֣̾ҪŤͷȥʹȵĺ


ʲô£

ɱ˵Ķˣ쵰ֱ˯ء



Ϊ˯Եʣڶһ˺ˣڷ漴ҲӦոĸ˯ˡ

¥˹˯һ˲о˶˹˼ǰԵ죬ϧľͷģ˲ֻҪһҲС֨ѽڰΪԡ

¥˹׽˱ǰ

ֱոĸ˻˲Ž

̻ʪ͸ɫ죬¥˹ҲضãĿ̣Ȼ͵͵Ūʪëã򿪴ͨ磬ζɢ˲Ÿҳȥ

¥˹ϳ극ͻѧУˣһüûȥ϶ҪȥʵҵģոһѴϸͬѧʦԡ

ĸڼȥɢɢɢ׼ȥСӵ·Ҫٽѧˣ̻佨ʲôʱҪǰĻʱסǼҡ
Ȼûˣӹ󣬶ȣڿ̾У佨ˣҲںЩġ
סдǮûãǸǮʡԵġ

ôţû佨ǰͳˣӴС˲٣̡

ͳ򶫵ſڣҲ֪ȶˣȷ磬Ŷӵ̣˲¶õЦݣѽѽӶô

һϲôˣ
򶫺ȵͨ죬æ죬ݣˣ֪ҾͲȥˡ

ĸҲЦֽĽſˣԶܹˣôණҲǵģ

һţĸͽȴˣתȥˣгһһģڵѷźãһ֦ѺͲܣҲгһƬƬģõ쳢
Լ棬ЦŽ͵˹ȥѧУˣǸרҵҪʵ飬иʦͦϲģÿζߣܻʲôʱģȺܾ˰ɣ

ûûС
ҲϾͿУյûһŹŻΪҴأǸǸ˵ÿ춼ʱŹһһ¾ܻҺ򶫱ſڵ˵ȡ

ĸָ˱ˮЦеȥİ

æվ̱̫鷳

ĸЦǺǰ֣鷳鷳ѵһΣ֮ǰ;С¥˵չǣ̸ֺòˡ
ţҺýŮˣԶ˼ˡ

ҲϽóЪһ͵Լ˭˭

Ա໹Циͣǡ
һϳԣ̼û֦ϽһŽҲóԣ

εĿӡ

̸ϵã˺ܿһԱҲ岻ϻɴվߵ̨Ǳ߿Χ羰

̺඼ǰԵӣܿ˵귢˼£żҵݣѧУռѣҲ˵꣬ǰŴɽ¡

Ŵɽ˵һЩΪڸԶĻXʰǲ̫˵֪ʲôһпҲãպѧУպָʦϵãպʶˣҪĻ¥˹ƣôأȱһɡ佨˵Ŵɽùҷá
ãôһ֣ŴɽԺͺ¥˹ס̷ϵͽˣʡҲиɽ¥˹иԼҲбµģպʡǵӲѹΪôһ֣ԼҲˣʱǱ߿϶ҲЩ
żס˰ԵʣܶҲһЩ

ǹЩ⣬¶ɫ㲻˵ҶˣǸģȻԺʲôӹϻ˵ú޺ޣֵ쾡£˵ҪǼ޸ǸɷҲ䵽һ
֪˶ˣûϵģҲƾżĹϵ˳ǣֻзĥţҲǱҲƾŬ˴ѧڣԺسǶˣҲߣοӶˡ

뵽ٴ̲סңҲǾ÷޸˲ãǾʱƤеǳ⿴̼ϴӶӳҲзƷǾԼܰס֪˸ͷ
÷ͦϧģǵвǸ

̶ԷûʲôӡԴǼǵõԼķ̣һס

һֱ¥˹׷ѧ̺໹˵һң¥˹׾ͱĸԸȥӪˣһ




86.  ڰʮ         ո

ոû, ȥſˣӦԡ

緹̴ȥ, ʡ߰ٻ¥࣬ʲôģѵһΣ̾Ŵһ䡣
¥˹׺ͳڼ˵

һ·϶, ӵʱնŻس, ڻس, ͻȻӵҲûô, ٺһͬʹļˡ
໹˵Ӣ, ֪Ӣϵͦõ, ֻǺ׽Ҫ, ˶, ĸɲ, 黹иӣǰǸˡɽ˵ҪǴɽ֪˿Щܲˡ

׼˵µ, Ͳʵһʱûסǵ, ҹȥųų, ﶼûʲôסˣ˵Ҷôٺõ˵ȥҲ±Цȥģұȥ򶫸ɽϵ, ֪ºӦеӢ
Ҫ˵ʲôģδŮδޣǺƽֿӢܲΪɽŲޡֻǾóӢ̫ĸĻˣ˵еˣϴѧҲвʹģôúü޸кӵģѧУһҲ

ɽڿʦѧıƴѧĵǸ˲ˣ
Ҳ֪Ӣĸôġ

ҡҡͷֻܵ˵׼ûԵ֡
ҪŴɽ֪ͨ˻лᣬӢҲ֪һ㣬ĸҲûжãĸĻĸ˵ʲôʲôҲһֱŻسǡ

п޵ĵͷ˵°Լˣܿתˣ˵ûУϷغǱ߸ۿڹܵûǰϸˣЩ˻ȥ۳·иѾǣܶǮݴӸ۳Ǹ˺üƯ·˵غѾȽϳˣ˵˶ùҾͲˣҲ֪ǲģ
˵۳ǱǱǮЩ·ÿǹҲóԣԹɿѸ飬һʼҳԲϰߣֿģˣ;óԣ˵Ǳߺʲô·ȣܿ࣬Ļܹ˵ǹеϣ˳ⶼ죬ϲԻðѪ⣬˵Щ˿ɲ£Ȼ⣬Ҳ¶ۡ

߶߶ͣ˴ѧʶˣۿɼĻ˲٣ǰҲã۽խͣӺ֪һЩëƤСϣҲûжٹʣƣۺڲͬˣ˾״̬һˡ򶫸ˣ̻ǵǰĳǸĬӣҲȽϣûŹ⡣
ɼ˴ѧ󣬷ûǺܲġ

û뵽ϱʱгѾ뿪ŵ״̬ˣҲǣȻĸ￪ǽ°ģ֮ǰ϶Щͷȥſ߿ǰϢҪָ߿ˣ濪ᱨֽȷϢʱѾǼºˡ
Ȼ˵ϱߣ˵Ǵ벻ϲµĵλãʡǣϢҲȽһߣѧУͼͷܣķչǲ̫˽⡣
Ҳ˵̲ô£ȸĸ￪ŵĴ紵ҲҪˡ

ЦŻû£٣ҲԼȥϱһ棬Ư·

Ϊ˵Цģ붼û͵ͷѽ

ͳʡһ죬ڶˣǷһߣ佨ˣŴɽ̱佨סģΪŴɽҲˣЩס£佨Ŵɽȥд˯һŴһ˳һǮȽϻ㡣

佨Ҳ˵Ŵɽ£ΪŴɽûϣû뵽м仹ۣЩͬ
˶˴ѧ·ʲôҪĿ꣬˿Żûѧȥ棬ʡǼܱˡ

ҲҺǰʡǣĸŴɽ佨еԷո¥˹׶ûֻ̺ĸˣ̻ˣһʱҪ佨飬֪ʲô¡

佨ɫŹ֣档

ĸڳˣһС䣬˭

ҲӷԺ˯ڲѡ

ŴɽǰվǰڷżողأﶼŴɽѧרҵЩã佨λǰҲ飬ѧڵӢαǰһЩӢѧϰ

۾ſ佨üסʣ佨Ťͷĸ̣λ˵˹׵Ĺùùø

̺ĸһ㶣û˵ſ˾ʹӴ׼ĸɣãС׵Ĺùùø⺢Ҳǣ˻鿼ϴѧҲ˵˽֪£ǸСǣϺӾͲùùøˡ
Цһα˵ŴȤĻָ¥˹塣

ŵһμء

ĸʱϲ֮ǰ˵һЩŮûۿҲ֪ʲôڼ״ѹŮĺƢˡ

ҲʱǰһɻӵС˭Ǽû˽С׵ģǲҴˣ

ſڷû뵽Ӧ˻һۣЦһӵôҴˣֶ¥˹װȥ꿼ϴѧˣڹҵѧأҴġռҶ԰ɣҶˣֶǻеΣһ·ʹģֶϱȻû棬Ҳܲ˰ཫСզǹϺӾͲˣ

ЦˣŶߵſڣ´һ飬ͻȻŴף˻иùùø˵ĹùùøЩˣһ⳥ˣӣԲůҵòıһùȴױܶˣ򱻱Ƶ統֪࣬ũ꣬ﶼûһţΪϵأû뵽ڿϴѧ˹ùùøˡϻ˵ûʣɽԶס
զˣǼʲô˵Ѫˣ˵ǰ棬ǮԼΥ۲ҲˣҪǵ˵ҲЩǮˣҲôࡣ

Ҫˣڶ˻緹ˣжǼȻ°ܣҲǲµġ

̳ĸͳЦߵſڵ˼ҹŮƢã⺢Ӿ̫ǰľˡ˵ҪС¥ĹùùøҲǼ̬ȣС¥ǰʵ̫ˣǲ۾ˣǼֻۡúùӣ΢еģһ˿˿ѪԵĹϵϣϣǲҪǵǰҲ׷ˣС¥첻ڼңڳſˣǿԵûֵĲÿ

ʲôû˵ʲô˵ˣܶȻ




87.  ڰʮ         Ҳ

Ҳ֪ǲ֪ĸǰֲ˺, ЩŴɽ佨ɫڨڨ뿪ˣ֮ǰŮ˻˵ʲô, ҪǶСײãҲôˣҲ˵ͨ, С׻鷳˵һ, ùùø, סд
˵, ư, ϴҲ, ɫ, Ҳ֪ĺòá

Ŵɽ佨Щ, 극ߵʱ̵Ͳĸٳš
, ˵¥˹࣬Ҳûյһ, ûؼҹһΣɼͽĹùùøϵһ㶼׽Щ, ¥˹ʲô˴ﶼһϵƽƽĶܰæ, ˵ˣ϶Է޲Ʋ硣
ô˵ţŴɽﻹ룬⼸ռҿ, ¥˹׺ղ춼ڼң̺ղĸŮ˻ǲôȫ

̶ͷá
ҲЩͷۣû㽫¥˹׵Ĺùùø߶Ȼǰ¥˹£ôҲֻ¥˹ԼҪ˵Ҳ¥˹̵̫ܾ¥˹СҪڱ˼ȷʵ¥˹ףѡԼŮңڹŮٻҪڼ߿ֻܿϱɫ
ʵҲȷʵˣסڱǵһͷģ¥˹׳Ĭӣϲﲻ˵˶ͷһãͺ޲üӱ˼ң񵱳ֻһͷͺ޲ͷζֲ
濴䣬ıˮ
̾ԭ¥˹ΪФɾ̣Ҳ̶ܴΪչ˲мһֱ
̲¥˹ףԷ޲ãԵİԴҲ

ĸ˵¥˹׺ͽڳȥˣҲٻͻصģϰ˵ʱ¥˹׾ͻˣһƣ
ոĸѾط˯ˣ̳¥˹棬˯ڿͷѵոĸû£Ǽ˯ҸС

ﴫĸﻹ±õ⣬ġ?
á

¥˹ȥϴ裬ڳæĸ֪¥˹׽ǰţ࣬һò˵ɳ״ŽеĹȻڹҪõʱ˼Ҷӡ
Ȼ±ͷ⵹裬˺ͼ筺ɫ±⣬װ׵ļбɫҶӣɫԱһ֪ܺóԡ

̽һ˵ϵʱ¥˹Ҳˣ̴ϽԣȻתȥϴһѡ
ʱ˵ˮˣ߻˼ԺⶫĶѣǺִԲѣᣬȫҲܳԵȥ
¥˹ǰʱ̾һ֧Դ˳Լһѡ
¥˹׳һھŤͷһֻȥ֣Ҳһûͷ·˺ܾƵġ

̿⣬ſڣҪι

¥˹ᣬЦˣȻһιһó𣿡

ҲЦˣһڣóԡ

¥˹Ķˣⶼûóԣ̳ľιһ顣

һƽʱʮӾܳ棬ǳСʱˢ˸Ȼط˯
ڴϵʱ̲ùùø£¥˹˵ģ¥˹һ²ӣҲЩĶֱӱ죬ôɨ˵»ǵȰ˵Ҳ١
һһưͱһöе󣬻͵͵ϯ˵ϣֵ˴ҹͣ
ˣͽӵԺ¥˹׻˯ġ

ڶ¥˹ѾȥѧУˡ

ĸҲû£ΪԼŮ˵ˣĸ˵һ飬Ǿеˡ

ԣôû뵽дûȵ¥˹׵ķȥе¥ȥˣ¥˹Ǹڿˣǰ֪ܿĳûгٵ˹ƽʱҲᾡȥϹ˵ϴѧˣѧĻϲרҵΪס棬ÿ춼ȥѧУˣĸﾭõŻ߰ðӽӣֱӳԣܱǡ
ҲıȽɼã̬̿࣬ΪŻ˽ڵۣʵ飬ְֵĽ
ģڷ춼ûȵˣҲֱȥռ֣ʡǣոǻеΣռ˺¥˹ǸСϱֶô۸ռҿÿ춼ȥռңǾͲˡ
ԵȲ˵ķɴȥ¥˹ѧУ

һˣͿʼߣúݵİϴѧ˶˵Ҹø춼ڵ¹ĺòãڻȢ˸ϱһ㶼£ŶˣǸһǣҸһתˣ㶪£ҪҺøܳô𡭡
Ա˼Խ˵Խ񻰣Ͻ·ǰأôԼģ⺢Ѿ˴ѧһʡһĺôѧибµˣԺô治һٱǼһĺá
˹ӣǹ˵ġ

Ů˱ɷһ֪Լ˵Ļ˱죬ɴ಻˵ˡ

˶¥˹ЦۣȫǰüԵĿ̱ӣ¥˹׷ùҲǵ㣬˲Ż˵ĻúãҲͷˣι뿴㣬ù˵ҲԣϴѧôҲдţһˣôΪˣһҪؼң˳ϱҲҪ֪ˣ϶ڵҲ˵ĺܡ
ֲֻԼĿģ·Ǹ¥˹׵ĳ

¥˹ɫĿǰװģķ

Ů˻û¥˹Ͽı飬ǰɷ˵ʲôֶԶǵͷ䵭ģ·һ˵׮
ھȻܳĿˣΪ죬ʲô飿ǰĹùã費Ҫ㣬Ҫңܳô𣿡
ڿ
ֻ¥˹֪ǸԵԶʣʱ˶ûУʮһʱʹǼȥѧУסˣÿλȥ䶼ûУֻڿ̣Щø׵һ⳥ġ
֮ǰĺܺޣˣ趪ˣΪʲôҪȥùüңԼͿԼԷǮԼΪνκȥսѶԼ˼ҵĸױסˣȴû˼ңսѼһʲΣһĹΣĹͲ᲻֪ʲôӣͲ᲻֪ʲôûõ
ݺ޲ĵ˭ûз֣ʱԼԸЩޣǿ֪ܲǰҹ˾ͬھ
ֻһԼ
˵ǸˣʵĺĮô⣬ڣԸΪĺˡ
Ϊϲġ

¥˹׸ʦ˰٣Է޴ˡ

ûн˴ȥռңȥ˹Ӫһ٣ͷԼãսдְλԺԼ
Ӳùû뵽ô׾ʹĿģܸɴĴӦˣôģҲֻԼ֪
¥˹Ŀ뿪ȻתѧУ
Ҳȷȥսдˣߺţǰѽ彫ܵĹˣ򵥳ùùøΪˡ

¥˹Ҳụ̂ĺܣԷ޳ͷ󲻿ܻˣְˣϱˣθԽԽ
Ż¥˹׵̵дģ¥˹׿ûдŵԵʣдŸƵģ̸ָģԼĽ˳ȥ
¥˹׵뷨ܼ򵥣ȻܵĹǽģǾɽջȥͲǷùһʲô

׶еԶ̿ѧһˣŵȵǱߵĻظ
Ȼž¥˹׹ùùøһҹ˵ֱӱո壬ϴҲոڼңźķŹˡ
̺ոһ˼װ׸ˣ¥˹˳ܹˡ

ηԼ׹ŮŮһžʹҰǣҪһңܳôӦø׼ҹְתͷһңױܵĹˣ¥˹׳Ȼǲߵġ
¸ͣһͬͲߵӡ

Ա߻иŮ壬¥˹أŲʲô˼

һ׼˻ᣬר°˶ʱ

¥˹׻ûոڼңո˵ͽŹˣȥҹڼҴűȥ
˵˾ͳȥˡ

˻ſڿһӰ춼ûУĸҲǼˣʲôǰﻹдȺܵء
ĸŮеڳæš

ûʹ¥˹˵ǱңѾǵҪдˣʲôҲ֪Ǹսѷ˱ܶҵ£޹ء

һ¥˹׵̾͸Ͻȥſں͵
¥˹˦Ļ̲סЦһѧˣˡ

¥˹׻һ˵꣬һǺ

̣¥˹ױûǽȥվһԿոż˹ֱӽһץˡ
ոӰ첻ãΪſڴԹ׼ҹ磬С¥һ⳥ԷޣǺúС¥֪Է޸ɵĲ£СŰС¥˵С¥ŵĹǹġС¥ò׻ͷˣԷֹ֪ѪС¥սѽǶϱ׹һᣬ˼ҷǰ£ǶӹߣˣܹǼҲǣҲŲء

ǿ϶ġ

һΪ£˰µģǲߣɳֱӽͻϼңһӼȲ̽ףֲǳܵʡϻ
ԻصϼҺֱعŽ̵һ١
ϼߣ׶Ϊð¶״ˣû취ҪǶ¹ԱûʲôŵĹЩˡڶϱǱߣ˲ûմְΪ²òǰݣŮ˶״ȥˣ˵ȥҽԺӴˣֱӻ˼ңǹˡ

ڵֵͦģҲΪ⣬ȥ׶ӵ¥ĸºԥˣ󣬾ȹһʱȥ

ʡߣ佨ŴɽҲһȥѧУˣ˶סУģӦĺܺá

197812£ʮһȫڸĸ⿪šߡ

ҲʱʡҽԺһб




88.  ڰʮ          

 , ո¥˹ȥеһ̨ӻʡǻеĵһӻոǳԱ, Σڲ۸Ҫ˺ܶ࣬İٿǮĻҪ߰ٶࡣ

֮, ոԼСҪ, Ժ￴
, ȫҶ˫޳, ĸ, ڼ, ǰϰ໹Ըͬ, ྶҲˡ

ӻ, ո¥˹ױΧתһ, Աװãںŵ̨һѩ, һ
ʱ۾ܷ½ѾһЩȽϳĸ۾磬̾ȻȽ, ֣֥, ԱһģЦ˵Ǹ۳ǱߵԱͦģ˲پء

ԱһԱҲǰ, ǡǡǸе޼ɣ˼ϰ˵㲥µģز

̿ŵϲŵĺڰӰЩر𣬸оͨЩϤԱݣǸһ˿ϵƵġ

ĸӳҲˣЦпŵӴӴ⼸˳ÿ·Ҳ˼Ŵ˾ʹ𣿡

ͬĵͷֹأϵʱÿ
뵱֥İӿǺɽϱǰǿⲿ糤ģû뵽ɿԱķɡ

Ϊ˵ӻĸף
극һĿھΧڿӣ¥˹׶طˣſţҲ֪ǲϺˮȶˣ̲סϲ

ȥûãͼų溰˹ף衪ˮˡ

ŵȫɫˣȻһҽȥҽԺ

¥˹׺ոﳵȥҽԺĸһҪõĶʰϡ
ҲǻеλúãҽԺŲʮӵӾ͵ҽԺҲûʲôֱӱ¥˹ױȥ¥ϲո潻ѡ

ڴϺˮҲˣȻҽ飬ﻹиƺҲҪˣҽ¥˹ױ̫ģ˵ͷ̥һҪȵ磬һоӡ
֪̱ȥûãͻȻҪˣĻر죬Сʱ˲ҽһ;иʿˣ漴һŮҽææ¥һֻЬӶܵˡ

ż٣ҽֵҽࡣ

վڲ¥˹һҪոۼֿסˣ¥˹׿¶Ҫ̱ڵϡ
ֱﴫһĿ¥˹ײź˿

ȡ¥£֮õ˼һ£Ϊɫղһ·ﳵ·һһ·¥˹м
¥£С⣬¥˹ǰ԰Ĳɣ˵ڹŴָ˼ԶĽӽ⡣

ܽǿ֪ˣҽԺȶĺոĸЦӶˡ
Ҳûкôĸֱӱͽ˲˯һŴϡ۵Ĳᣬ̧Ϻһմͷ˯ˣСⱻԱߣȭͷձϣΪ˳СϲûĺͨͨҲûбˮݵͰͣǷ۵ġ

ĸڴ߸ոС۹ŮСʱһ

ոЦӶˣ۹Ůģܲ𣿡

Աߵ¥˹ҲЦСֻȥӣĸһĵˣˡ

¥˹ڨڨջ֣ӣЩᣬӲųˣ͸оԼԺĴˡ

ոοƺ뿪㡣
Ͼǹˡ
뵱ĸɱŮҪãͼҪվ̳һжˡ

꺢ڲס죬̾ͳԺˣ⻹ССһֻڶϾͻˣм̷ۣոѴӸ۳ģǵСӳȡ
̷ۻһƿ˵ǹĶ۳Ǳߺöණǹġ
СһܻȣСһһģǳŬ

ĺãĸóԵģǳԲֵʣǻҲҪʳ첻ĸոͳˣͼ߲ˣ̵ǷǷֿģûзΣǺܺóԡ
Ϊ˱̻űӳˣԲ¥˹ƺ

ĸëؿڣһ࣬׳ƿ̡
ĸĸӪǸţ̷ֻżһȾˡ

ˮڴиˣĸ˺üַӶûУؿڿŵǹĹĵģûãˡ
̺ίĸ¥˹˽û˵ʱ򣬸һ

õĺ΢¥˹װ׾ӺĸϺƵģͷ̧

ҲǷˣԴӶһ̵ĵλֱ½
ϾΪӵĸףôҲҶԼ׶ӡ

ǣڵؼҵϣ¥˹׺ϴúԹڴϣСһﻹСҷڴϺһ˯ǷڴԱߵСҡʱ䣬µŵĲºӣٸů͵Сӣһ޻ģһ޵ģů͡
СһԱ˯ˣʰĺ

ﻹȺĻͰϴɾ򲼡

¥˹ϴǰĵƹˣһѣͽԱ̱סһãζ󡣸պϴͷͷҲܣصң̽Լˮ˲ˬˬģһζ

̶ڱ͵͵ؿڣ¥˹׽˱סȻͷ˵˽ĸҽԺ˵Ļ

̵ǽǿϾɫС˵ûء
ˣ㣬ۡ

š

¥˹ӦһҲֱ⣬ȵͷף׵°ͣȻѩ׵Ĳӣ˱һ⣬С

̱׵κģҲ֪ǲǸ꺢У̺󱳼ƤˣڰУԼƤϵĸоΪԣȵģʶͷ



¥˹ױĴͷŬҲûɿ⡣
ģæҹ񣬵Ҳ֪ǲǽͨˣˮе࣬¥˹һ˶Ȳֲ꣬˷ѣǳŵθܸȸɾˡ

ԭΪСһ˯ҹǰϾǣ֪װָպ̣ˣŴޡ
һ֪Ƕˡ

¥˹ӳ̷ۣĸû򲼡

æصϽ̱ڻϵͻȻյ˵һ䣬˵Сʱû̺ȣԵĶ׺㲻ֲˣ

̻ΪҪ˵ʲôأûһ£ӵĿҲûš

¥˹̲Цϱ

һƤ

¥˹ЦҲԼƤˡ

ûź٣ҪӣֻˡҲû¿αƽʱ佨ͬѧʼǣڴһĿγ̶ѣڼѧˣӢ飬ʣĩҲԵȵȥ

ĸ˵⺢ǸµģʱպøϺӣŮӿɲغһӵأǰҳиŮͬ£ʱƴ꺢һڵӾͻصϹˣְôС굫űһϣͷۣûˡɵעһ㣬˵ʮ죬ʱ䣬ڼҺúôš

ҲԼԺ¼ֻùԹԵͷ

ӲѣȫҶΧתóԺúźţƶ㡢龫ˮ......ӪĶҲһζţǱȽ٣嵭Զ˾;ûá

ǲϴ裬ȽܣҲΪ¥˹һ㶼ÿ϶Ҫ˯ͷϴΣÿϴëãȻƨɵͷڻͰɡ

˿ĵĻСһһһҲ֪ǲˮԵĺãİװֵģ۾ִֺԲԲģСС䣬С͸ЦƵģ̣ž˸ˡ

ĸոÿһһСԹԣ˿Ŷˡ

̺¥˹Ϊĸÿ춼ֻܵϻطˣлᱧӡ
һڶһڣһڶͷһڣԺ

һ¥˹׶̲סԿ䣬۶ɰ

ʳָȥӵСȭͷ

̿ŶӰ۵С̲ס⣬ҡ

¥˹ײԣȷʵ̣۾񣬱СҲ񣬿˵ʱĶŻˡ

̧ͷ˿¥˹ȱĪܣҪͺˡ
òϣ¥˹ɱˣҪԺҲõҲϱˡ

¥˹ײ֪룬Ϊ̫Լˣ򴽣ЦŨ˺ܶ࣬ͷҲͷ˿ڣҸϲ㣬ÿ
滰̲סϲС̫һů




89.  ڰʮ         Ϊ̡

Ϊ, Խʱûлϼˡ
ﻹǱȽֵģոͬºʡǵѹݷãϱߵѼĶ, ƷĶŲˡĸɴʰһЩ¥˹״ȥѧУ͸ʦ̵ĸԱϾôļ٣͵㶫ȥǺõġ

佨Ŵɽźٺͻؼȥˡ

ҹǺ׼һԵ, Ůڳæ, ոΪڿд, ڵӻǰ, ץǺ͹ӳ, ֵġ

ڷСһ˯, ӻС, , һ˯ʮ߰˸Сʱ, ѵֱ˭磬̶ĥûƢˡ
¥˹ڼң԰һ, ¥˹Ҳڷͷ⣬һֻű, һֻƿΣƿˮ, ̶ЩϻˣҪˮ

Сһﱻ˱ˣЩ벻֣˯ҲҪ˱ź, ܷ£һ¾ˡ

꣬̽΢ʰһ£ͷӣСϴĸɸɾĨ㣬һȦɫë߻ϴ·ɫĸëºްްģӾһźܱ£ǺɫֱͲ˿޳㣬Ƥ͸죬һ㶼꺢ӵӡ

СһҲϲ죬һͮͮİӣͷϻһϻñ·ִֺ󣬶ССš
ڻܳ֡

СһһʼẒ̇ȳЩͷ֣һ¥˹׵ӰӣüۣҲ񣬲޵ʱ򰲰ʮֹɡ
ĸ˵Сʱһˣ⻰װֵҲô˵Ӳá

ƿˮһЩ¥˹׾ͷ±ʣ̻ӹιˮıϣţȶſС콫캬סֹͣ
Ȼǰ鷭С̸¥˹˵СӽҪСץȻСὲҲҪڣ̼Ĵԡ

¥˹ûôĻҲ֪˵ʲô͸ɴ
СһʲôԲĴ۾װֿ·Ƶġ

Сһûоǽˣ˸ǷȻڴӶǣ¥˹׵ĺ󱳵ҲˣԼýٸȥϷ棬ڿȥˡˣ׼·˵ϱԿ˽˵꣬ҿĻ٣ҾҲˣǼҲɣæţһ쵽ڼҴţҲܡ

·Ƚɣ˺ܾõľ֮ǰ뿪ݣܶʳƷ̫æˣõĻˣ·ɣʱ򻹿Թ˸˰æĸԱ߿žˡ
Ȼ֪δķչ̾ûʲô¥˹ײһǸˣǮӡ

̵ľ¥˹֮ǰ˵ˣ붼͵ǹҳȥûкʵⷿ

̵ͷ˵ҲѧУſڣѧŮ࣬Ư·Ҳʹ

ϣĸʮˣһ붼ǻģ̵Ĳ˸ǲһСֿϡ
ոóһƿ׵ģҲ֪ĶŪģ¥˹ûȹⶫ뱭ȥͺˣĸŲˣʢӼһȷŽȥֺ֣Բˡ

¥˹ҲҺˣͷһȺļȥ˲оθů˲٣ҲЩ
ʣ°뱭ĸո

ոΪ˵ЦںӲУǻƿ¶Ƕû¡

Ϊɲ˰ɣʱһ֪һ



ӲӵЦ

һٷԵֵġ

ҹӶſӣʱûжٽĿĶ֮ǰŹľ磬ҿĻǺܸˣһֱϾŵ࣬˲ŷֱ

׼һߣ͸Űˣ̺¥˹ױźӻط䣬ҲҹˣĵûأﻹŲѼĸҪǶˣȥòҶԡ

á

ţһڴ棬Сһѣһʱ˯ţ㽫мˣ¥˹Сְ棬˵ŻʦңڿҵԽ׼ȻȴĵʱæƼȥ׶У˵Ǳߵá
֮ǰû˵ҪΪûãȥ׶ĻҪǷֿˣ᲻̺ͺӣ˺ĸͶˣܲöǲܡ

̵úܿǾȥʱҴźӸһȥ
ոǸܰãԺ˽ӪҵˣһҵոбҪΪϼһеҪģίΣеСá
ɶðǮࡣ

¥˹׸жֽһ§סлл㣬̡

̾һڣЦелúñˡ
ôõһ춼˪浣ˣҪǱˣҲȷ᲻ô
Ȼ⻰ǲҸô˵ġ

¥˹ף......

һ꣬ӾͿˣ̳ڼпգ㿪ʼ·Ȼûеʦǰѧ껭Щףĸ֮ǰڷ֯ɻӵײԱΣḻ˾Ϳʼڼ·
Уĸ·棬ԽװֱӻװˡȻ̫ڵĸ۷ʲôģǰװ˵һʲôȿ㣬һͲ֪ˣţֻҪ·ÿȥ

ŮװȹӿӳոӳŪһһûҳȻģҲ³Ȿʱ仹ɴĸڼԼţ·ĸǰͬ°æġ
˸Ʒ֣Ůװ

¥˹׺ոҲæ⵽һλòķӣڰٻ¥棬ʮ·ڡӵװҲͼ±Ǯ¥˹׵ЩûոĸǮ
ǽˢʲôɫذҪһ£еƾߡ¼ܵѡЩûУ̻ոѴϷ

æѧûæֻ꣬ÿȥΪҪȵٲܿ꣬û뵽·ݵʱͿˣ·Ҳ˽ټ

ĵ죬̾ʹһ·ȥѧУɫ˿ɫ߷Сȿ㣬һ˫ɫĶЬͷ򵥵ûɫ˿ţഺһžͳȫ㡣

ϿǰϾŮͬѧȲܹ·ģ

̺ǵ¿һҷװ꣬ʲôŮװƷ꣬˵ǴϱĻʱˣúÿһ
û˵ԼҿģϾʱ˽Ӫ࣬˼˵л

ȻԼ·ĺܺÿȰٻ¥ʱֶˣҲãǿ˿أ϶ȣҪûǮҶ޲ȫˡ

Ůͬѧϵ·ٿԼģû˵ٻ

ʱģȥǵ￴
õŮͬѧͷϱߵ·Ǻÿܶ࣬˵öǸ۳Ǳ߽Ļ

Ци˵װ·ֱϿˣЩδ

̵ģЧԵģ˺üŮͬѧֻһ¿ĵ꣬ʮִۣܿҷװĲͬſڸɸɾģŵӣſ߸ڷһӻźֽдšµ꿪ŵһ죬ȫŵۡ

źǲһʮƽǽڷˢѩףͷϺǽǶźܶСƣյůеһųĺϹ·еǽ·ǽϣе´ãеǷֿġÿʽͬۻҡ
ŵҲˮ棬ŻҰɫĴש
ǽϻһ޴ľӣܽսȥ

ٻ¥ｫ·۵һȫͬ

·Ҳ˾ˣһ˿Ҫʮ嵽ʮǮٻ¥࣬ҪͨԱµĹʡ

ŮѧǮˣһļһ֪ǼǮġ
Ůѧ°·ŮԱһǮһٶǮ

ոǹŮϱ棬²СˣһĹʾͱһĶ࣬Ȼ˳ɱҲÿ¡

̺ĸŵ̻ѣĸܳȥ绰ϵǰķ֯
̸ĸ裬һ³ܲǩͬṩʽͼõ·ֻһңй¶ȥ
֮ҪҲΪ֪Ƿ֯⼸Ч治ãвԱҪ𲽽׶Σ뽫չֻܺ

ĸͷҴ绰һ¡
ҲŮѾ·ʽȥˡ

ⷽո¥˹װﲻæոǽǾ䡰ԼҪгӾͺˡпյʱʹڷ֯¡

ⲻȥĸ￪ŵʩкϱߵķ糱㽥ӵ֪Щصʡû¸ɵ֪Ƕȥϱҹˡ
Ůʼ׷۷磬ͬѧ˵ϱߵŮ¶첲¶ģû·Ƶġ

̴Ŀβ࣬ѧϰʣµʱԼ·ʽȻҲʼӴ·ĲЩ
ϾǴ·װҵ֪ʶҪ

ĸİЧʺܸߣԻϼһˣŪһݺͬȥŸ£߷ˣ֯ЧͲãںòһʴϷ֣
֯󣬳̨֯֯ر¼ǱҲͶʮԱһǰ곧Ҳ·ˣ˱ߵëѧʲô޷ЧҲֻһʱģ˶ִԭˡ
̵Ҫܸߣ˿ϾҪƽƵбƵĺü֣лɫĸҪ

ҲΪװãģΧҲĵ棬ģģԼСݡװҲУߵĶƽ·ߣ۸ͣϴֲڣеĻѧ̵·ʽҲǱزģ̵ÿ·涼̱Ʒ֣ЩƷ

һʼͲ׼ƽ·ߣ봴һԼƷƣԺϹʵ֡

ڲĹʡ߾ʹˣĽֵֵģͰ°ʱ򣬽ֵ϶ˣⲻ棬ųԵģǰؽֵȣζ

ЩԹӪꡢ硢ٻ¥ĳȽϴЩԭԹҷԱƽʱһֺģһ۹⿴ˣڴҶȥСݳԷȥС̯ˣȥװ·һˣһ춼ˣǹģֹҲֹˡ

Ҳʹ̿ķװ겻ô̫ˡ

һжϵʱ׼ͻȻһ£ոڻеεˡ




90.  ھʮ         ոε⡭

ոεĺͻȻ, ʱ̺¥˹ѧУϿΣ¿λؼҲ֪µģĸҲڼ, ֮ǰھ˵һ
̡¥˹ھӵĻһ¶󣬾żҽԺϡ

¥˹ﳵ̣һ·û˵, ҽԺ, ת¥ܡ
˺ܿ¥һ˲ҵ, ոɫ԰׵ڴ, ĸźӸС˵, һ˵ŻһĨᡣ

̺¥˹һǰһ, ֱм䴲λո, ҪҪҽô˵

ĸŮŮ, Ѿס˲, ·ҵĹǣɳƵҽ˵ﳤ˸Ҫ, ˵ҪԴʿզ찡
?
ֶôˣ᲻Ӱ죿͸˵, ²Ҫôƴ, ʲôãǻм˭ŮŮгϢˣô۸ں˰, ˰ɣҪǶһ˿ô졭ء
˵ֱӿ

ոޣ˲ͷˣˣⶼŵˡ

ĸһ⻰ϽֹסޣͷۻСӣС۾ʱίĲУŵĹﰥ⹫Ҫˡ

ոЦãȻŤͷ¥˹׵ûʲô˵ģ;ʹˣ˭ʹ˶

¥˹ײ֪ôӦ̵ȥҽҽô˵

¥˹һߣոСˣǸˣҽ궼ʮˣҲûûúҲһðʲô˵ģʹ˰ԴʿҲָ֪ܻܲá
Ҫǹ󣬸ղĸ˹ҽ­ѣҪĻȥ׶ѿҪǧ

ǧɲǸСĿոĸһӵǮҲҵˣ֮ǰŮ꣬˲ٽȥˡ¥˹׵ǱǮȻ࣬ͷֲˣ֮ǰ˵ģ¥˹ʣµǮһ׷
ȻҲ׬˲٣õǮࡣ

⻰ĸҲˡ
֪ŮŮҲѡӶǺúӣԼϴѧϴѧҲû뿿һڱֽд£һ꣬ƾԼ˵ȥ˭һǼҵĺӺá
վ͸ˣƽʱǾܰСӡ

ûոһۣ˵ʲôʲôûˣʮʲôˣǮʲôǮû˿˲Ҫģ˵ǮˣûǮҲҪ취ۼһе껹зأоóȥܸġ
˵ĸӹӣˣͱˣ½Һ˹ףʲô£ȻǾ߲УǾȥ׶׶УҴȥ۳Ժ󶼻᳤ġ

˵걧Żĺӳȥˣȥſڵ¥˹ףʵô

һߣԱߴλһ̾ĽĿոĸһùŮ֪۸ĸء
ǸסԺӾûΣϰǰܺչš

ĸ̵Ļ˿⻰̲ס¶Ц⺢ӴСǸТ˳ģ˼Ҷ˵ϣŮһ㶼ȶӲ

ոҲǷжˣ΢΢ۿ

ĸ״Ȱһ䣬Ůģء

ոʵĵͷǸúӡ
û˲ҲԹŮôûҪõʲôЩůͺ͵ġ

¥˹׺ܿ¥ˣﻹˮƿվſڵ̱̫ģҽ˵ĳɹаٷ֮ʮȥ׶ʦ׶Ǳʶͬѧλǽڣʱæ

΢΢˿ͷá

ȻϽݽ¸ոĸ˵ˣһ¥˹׶ϵʶˣڶоһЩ
ĸؿڣǾͺãǾͺãɲһ㣬ҪʿԴģǰ϶ǾȲ˵ģһҪҸĲС

ǵȻ㲻˵Ҳ֪

һ̾ͲòѧУ٣Լˣ¥˹׿߿ңҵͷأҪĩˣӰ
¥˹ûͬ⣬ڶ첻˼٣ȥ׶ĻƱ͸˵˽ߵƱ룬ͺӾͱȥˣӻСԶŲȫģ׶ǱңѾϵʦͬѧӦû⣬ͽҡ
Ҳɽͽ˵ˣÿһڼע㡣

˵žʰԼĶǰʰǽǮغãķԵͼˣոĸĴԼһǮһǧ飬Ӧǹˡ
ԥ𣿡

ĸڳˣ쳤ӳôУͱȥˣŮĻôҪüأžȥҲﲻæ

ĸô˵ˣҲ˵ʲôͷ
ȷʵеСˣ˵ģҽԺǱߣҲ֪ոҪסԺãӹȥЩ̫ȫ

ǣ룬¥˹סĸոͳˣ¥˹ױŴСĸϿһȻո
е䣬˴ĶȽ϶ࡣ

վſڿǵıӰ·㰡

ãڼעⰲȫŹغˡ

š

ȿӰˣ̲ŽŹϣϻ㣬νŵס
Ȼűźڿӡ
ͻȻûˣȻҲ䡣

ڶ죬ûȥѧУϿΣӻС㣬Ƕ죬ҪҲû򲼡
̸ɴڼҿ鸴ϰ¥˹ȥ̯˲ٲ˷ڼţԺü졣

һȸ߲࣬ιúָԼԣû¥˹׺ĸæҪۺܶ࣬ú뿪Լߣûע⵽
Ҳûʲô£극źһͳȥ￴ȥʱӹӪͷϣʵǲˡ
ӵķԼġ

¥˹״кˣʱ佨ŴɽˣŲˣʼȱȱʲô
̸ǳ档

һֱӹ̣̲֪¥˹Ѿ׶ˣ¥˹ɳ˸绰˵һ׶һжãҽ˵Ҫȵһܣٶ⼸סʦѼġ
Ϣ˿

Ӵ˲ٲˣʮӣ鷢̫ͻȻˣҲģС¥⺢أֿ϶ûµġ㣬һڼչ˺вУҪҪӹסСһﲻ˰ɣ

ҡͷлĺ⣬òã⺢ӹԵúܣ˶ʱʱ򶼰ģʡĲ١

Ǿͺãﻹȱȱʲôȥ򡣡

ȱﶼС

ڿһʱ̴óǣûȥӳԣҺ˹׶̫

ߺ󣬽׼ҷ򸾾չ費ҪʲôŴɽ佨Ҳ̵Ҳúˡ

һֱȵһѮ¥˹˲Ŵ׶ոһЩɫãԱĸϹЦ
Ȼǰ˵˳ڿˣ̲ġ

СһѾῪ˵ˣ֮ǰôԸ⿪ڣЩˣʼһ֣Ằ衱ְ֡⹫šҲẰĲȫֻСšһֵð
СһҲ¥˹ױڻһְ֡

¥˹㶣Ȼ¶ЦЦݽӵСԣٺְһ

ԹԽˡ

¥˹׻û˶ãͷСһ˭ְ֡ոĸ佨Ŵɽȫǡְ֡
ǡ衱û̲ź

ĸһ׼緹ĸȫǿ¥˹׵ĻǶС¥⺢ӣ׶̫ˣǶûȥҪС¥ʦͬѧǣҪ·ʦǸˣǰ걻·ˣȥŻģϱӶûˣ׸ҽƴѧڣǾסҵġ

׶ҽԺҺС¥ڣ¥¥µܣҪܶϡЩҳ¶òģ㴲ҲֲĲ˶ΪС¥׶ӣ˵ŮǶܾȡ
˵ĸЦ

һۣѹղſ˾ˣɲˣ˿°۵Ĳᡣ

극ص붼͹ţȻתһѱסס




91.  ھʮһ         




¥˹ױ׵Ϣ, ʶ§סˣھͲˣ϶ûôúϴ, ϴٻ

̱סţŤŤӣֲ㣬ǳҲ㡣

¥˹Ц, 治, ͷĲ, һ, ﺬһ̡
ֽ§š

ֻ, ոĸþöû, һ극ͽСһط, ⺢ƽʱ, һ㵽һſ˯
ǵʱܶ, ̽һǰŲ

¥˹ͷһȣסת˷ŵȥͬʱϴ



, ̴ӴԱ¥˹׻˯ϣµں, °Ҳð硣
СӴ˯, ţĸһ߿һۣĺܵͣԱ߿ͷǿ, ܿոСһﲢڴ˯

ȻһûСһﶼǵˣ֪Լ⹫һ˯Ҳû֡

ߵĸԱߣǰŲˣһӣ

ĸЦеͷѽҪˣ׼ûְ

־䣬׼ڣĸסǻ˯أȱ𶯡

£ڨڨ²˵ȻԱߵĴĸ̸˵׼Һ佨ǡ
ĸһп׼ǺˣʹɽҲãԶٷ

ͬ⣬ЩǣȻһ˴ڼҪŴɽ佨ˣÿϺ͹ʵĲˡ
ЦЦ㷹ˣ佨̸˸󣬵ʱҲй

𣿡
ĸһϲȻЩźôôͻȻұ뽫ýܸأǿϧˣжǺ£ˡ
˵һ£̣ôɽǺôúϲʣ

ĸϲ佨Ҫǰ˵ŴɽǺӵ̸һŮ黹ͦõģŴɽ˼ңʱֵĲÿ
佨ȻɲˣֶŮŴɽˣϾʱѧ̫ѵˣȥŮѧУѧû˵Ŵɽ⺢ӳͦģҲߡ

óöÿ쵰۾Ƥװ׾ģﲻ֪׷أǵɼãȻҲܿϸѧأǼҳ㣬û˭ãĻĿҵ֣ǾʣžǸģǻҲװ˲ڼʹûü䳧׬ǮأǸĸܸɣҪǳˣ˿϶ʡ߸һ׷ӡ
ĸ˵⻰Ҳһʱϰؼҵʱ򣬱ɩûʶСӣһ£ǽܵкϲĸԭ佨Ҳûֱ˵׼۲۲죬ϾֶŮ£ŪĲøɩ
֪ǺӶô죬̸ˡ

̵ǲ֪ĸ⣬뵽ǰʱżҿãõŮѾˣߵķǳÿǱ˾ĸźӹ档

ĸ˵ȥ磬ֻһˣ׵Ȣˣ˺üСʱ˶߳ģǱҲֻб˻гϢ䳧Ρ
ӣŮҲãСǸϳСǵȷʵĲ˱ˣӦ˵ߵݾûһóġ

Ҳ֪ô˵пϵ˲ʱɻӢ̸ʱҲûʲôֵľٶؾصģչˣǻôࡣ
ʵ໹ĽӢ˸ö˰æɻϴ·ϴĶЩ¥˹ף۸¶ϴ

⻰ĸĵͷպãþǸ˵ģžͺá
ЩԥǵǸǰ󡣡

̻Ϊʲôأ㲻õģǸǰ󵱳ûյ֪ͨʱˣһسǾͼˣǵġ
ŴɽȻʵҲôɵˡ

ΪһѧУԵʣ̶״˽Ļͦģ֪һ˼ѧϰϣиʦرϲѧѧǺܳרҵ

𣿡
ĸ۾һһ˿ϣ̽̽ɽڷ磬ôģҪԸ⣬ùһˣɲ˾͵߸ݡˣһõƬǰһһյģúء
˵ĸҲˣҪȥƬ
ִˡ

ĸæ

ڶһ磬ĸͺոˣոָĺܺãҽƽһУעⲻš

̻ѧУμӿԣ磬ѧУֱȥҵ佨Ŵɽ֮ǰ͹Եģ֪ס

佨绹ԴԼͷӦˡ

֮ǰ̶࿴Ŵɽ

ŴɽĪ˲˺佨ԼǲʲôΪԼûϴɾ
佨ŲûϴɾֻȥԼ˵¡

磬佨ԼŴɽһȥռңϻӣڹġ
ıȽ׼ĿڶѾˣŮ˼ڳոڿ￴˵¥˹״źڰӵӣ̱Ŷվһ߿ˡ
佨ˣ¶Цˣˡ

佨Ůѽ÷СƼ佨һרҵģʶ̣ɼܺõѧ㣬ʦڿᵽѧ֣ʱ򻹽ѧڰϳǿ¿
̣÷СƼߵĺһѧ㡣

ȥͰϺ𣬡䲻䣿ůһ¡
ȥϹǸԣ佨ȥˮСƼ屭ˮˡ
佨ϤˣҲ

佨Цȥ˳˻ûȥͺĸӣȺˮ?
ĸϲˣúúãӸ塣

÷СƼЩ佨ôϤӣʱ˺ܶࡣ

һӵĲˣ£¥˹׻ŴɽȥڽӽӣӺͼƴһ𣬳һŴ
ֳһٷʮˣȫˣһӶԵıģѾһˣ绹гԣ̺¥˹׸ɴŴɽһȥѧУ

·϶ǺѩҲûﳵǰĸʹɫ޵ĵͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ǳû߼̾͵¥˹׸첲ȥʡ
ϾӢ˯һ䣬˼¡

¥˹ûһۣǰһŴɽߵһȥ˵ˡ
ں棬͵͵ڴƬ¥˹Ȼ첽ܵ佨÷СƼм䣬˼Ȼ÷СƼ첲˵졣

佨Ŀ̣÷СƼһ㷴ӦûУĸ˵۾ģݡ
Ƶߵ¥˹һˡ
Ҳ֪¥˹ôŴɽ˵ģֿʱ¥˹׽Ƭ̿ڴһߵŴɽĸƨƵġ

¥˹˺ŴɽС롣

̱ʾ⣬ͷ˵á

֪佨һĿŴɽ룬ʲô밡㶼ˣҵҶҲˣ㿴ǰ࣬߸Ůȫǽ˻޵ģ㲻Ҷ㼱

Ŵɽ˼ĵͷ

佨˾ôˣҾ̱ͦõģͱȥˣ˼棬вŮòģ䡣
˵Ŵɽ˵̵ɽڿ˲ˣʦϲϴдһƪ»ȥˣӦù˶þܿӡ˳챿ʵûʲôȱ㣬ϴ·ڿĺܣü޸׼û

Ŵɽԥڣұô˽ʮꡣ

Ҳ֪Ŵɽʲô˼ţҪǼ޸ŴɽĻǲóԿģŴɽǴѧԺٲҲȥ
ŴɽƷҲû˵Ҳòһҵõˡ

װûЦеǾͼɣʾ͵ϸѡ




92.  ھʮ         ԣ

, Ŵɽûлؼˡ
ԼĸѾûǰôˣǼϴ󣬵ĸöȥӵ, װ˹ȥ۵ܵãͽĹø˶ܣԼȥ, ô, ܵǸԳɼ, ٻȥԸоԼѾ, ĸҲûܡ
ĺĻǸ߿, ʱ, ˸ൣĵǻس, ֪, Ҳǿ˵ûǮ, ﲻæóʮǮ˵ѧѡ

ֻĺһʮǮ, ǹģڶ˵Ŵɽ¹ٿ඼û, ܵܡ
ɷܵܵϱȴ, ˣ硣

ǸңҲǿܻȥġ

ŴɽסᣬѧУһĻв, ̻˷ݹȥûһ·Ŀ죬Ҫӷ֯Ͻ·ʡ˵ģҲˡ
̸ĹʸԱһʮǮ·ϻ԰ס

ŴɽƽʱľԴѧУʳõ﹤ʦܵģÿֻʮǮ㹻һˡ
ʮǮʡõĻðѧˡ

굱죬Ŵɽ̼ԵķȻռҼǸã˱ƬϺÿˮģһ˫۾ЦУϻиľѡ

ŴɽͷԼøܲһ֣ЩԱ

̱÷һͱסףϲĲˣ˹ȫǱĸѹŵģԼСô飬СʱͿ豻̺ͼ۸ӣԼҲҪЩ

Ľľ̽ˣƯ˵¸绹ҵôɫɷ̶˵ǺӺãҪͺˡ
⻰ֻÿЦѲɾܼ޸ˣҲøԼǰôϲ޷ı㣬ҲòǸģ˳ƯӺͨ߿سǣ

һӶˣĸڽӵĸźڼסˣЬûˣŮ˵Ĺй˶ֵ࣬Ĳںӣһ໰˵Ůϲˣôϲ
ʶֲ࣬Ҳܵˣ̫æˣҲģ˵ŮҸ˶Ҳġ

ԿдиСӲǸѧ˳Ҳ󣬾żҪΪ꣬׼ֱӴŹŮˡ

Ŵɽ촩˼ɫ޷̵õһ·Ƶģͣ̿гͳŮİ;ͶˣĺĿɵġӦоУֺüɫɫɫɫǳɫɫ
ʱ̼Ŵɽһ춼һ˲ĺްһµģʱ

ԹԴˣ궼ڳѧԵʣŴɽ˲٣žɫҲԺڣ˸ߴͦΣĿţһݾסɳϵ裬ֱץĸĵͷʾ⡣
Сһ棬ЦĶ콫ݶˡ

ĸϽŴɽй˵ЦһЩ⣬ŴɽЩţıֱԹԻشš
ֻͽϵ׶һ顣

ʵĲˣĸͽ̽г¥˹״Ŵɽȥ档
׵ܹܵǿҲҪһ

̸СһϺ·ñΧȻһȥˡһʼ˻ǲһ𣬵ȳ˼¥Ժ̾͸¥˹ߵǰȥˣúŴɽں档

ŴɽЩ˼ӱȽϻãﲻͣ˵Żʡ棬ѧʲôȤ¡
ŴɽЩţ˵ʡǺʹѧ顣

ǹٻ¥ȥĵѾܿˡ

ĸҲŴɽȫܵһ˵ˣϾ˵ףȻĺϸ¡
ŵõ־͵⺢ǸϽĵģѧУɼܺãʦϲҼ˵ˣڹһָ߿ԺƾԽԽҪģŮһֱѧءɽȻ࣬ü꣬ǱûôˣԺ˻Ҳʡܲʲô۸ġ
˵һ٣룬ǽŴɽ֮ǰ̸˵ˣŮѾ黳ˣɽûյ֪ͨŮˣҲõĴɽҪĻƷΣҪ̺С¥²Ӿʶ˲Ҳұý

Ŵɽ¸̸ȷʵЩĻҲͻ˺ܶ࣬ҪǾŴɽ˵ȷʵԺǼҶչһ㣬ԼŮáĽŮ׶ҲûˣĽŮһչ˲ٰģ׶ӣҲһôá
ҲָŴɽ⺢ôãֻϣ˶Ůһ㣬˺ͺġ

ôһ룬극ԼŮоΣϲĻͬ⡣
ȻϲĻҲȰŹŮͬ⣬ôϢŮȥĶңԱܸѧ
ڴѧ󰡡

ڷŴɽҲŴɽѵɷ򣬿ܶࡣ
˹ŮĵͷȥŴɽǽһϸﶼ콫Ůһ仨ˣŴɽмܲס

ǵڶ죬ҾڹӪһӷˣ˳㽫¶˵ҪѧǰͰ°ˣеġ
Ĳ˼顣

ֱ𾪵Ĳᡣ

ĸһֲֵӣǰ飬۵͸˻ؼҵĶУʲô

ԽеæˣҼҾ˾˽ĹһֱŰæţͽĸˣĸǸʡģЩڴ˲ǮҪӼѣһŮԶŮ۵ĲۣȻɽʡ߽飬ǵȻҪסʡǣĸ߿ûкʵķӡ

ȻҪؼ׼񣬷ĸҲǸģ˵ͷ˾æϴɽڷź٣ԳŹ꽫°ˣȻҲ֪϶á
Ŵɽ˵ʡ߷ӻûãܲܽռҵ鷿̫鷳ˣԻԼҰȽϺã¥˹̳׵ʱҲŮҰģ
䶼ΪãŴɽвӦġ

żֻӵʲô֪ʱдһʶ˵˷Ұʲôˣֻ֪Ǵӣ磩ҪˣŮҾԺܻŴɽʡססڻûҺõط
һҲͲȥӦżҵļˡ

ʡżҲûˣԺݣʱѾŴɽ˸飬ҲŴɽš
һֺ̡

ĸǰʱ̲֪ĸж
ͻȻЩͬŴɽ̯ôһĸ

ҲˣŴɽԴӽ˻ӹĲ֪ãǰ걻˾йϵŪȥӪϰ࣬ǿöˣһֺòˡûҵͽ꣬ЩǮĸţ˽˻飬ĸ㽫ЩȫڼóԵģۼŴɽɫˡ
̼ղڸ̯ԵģʡǸ̯Ӻܶ࣬ϣٻ¥Ǳ߶СԽˡ

棬Ҫʡûܲһֱɽջ򿿼ԸŴɽһŪ˸̯ƵȥԵģһǮ
ŴɽվԱ߰һһһǮϵ޷죬õĻһ߰˿Ǯ

Ҳʱյţ˸ӡ

̻û˶ã¥˹ϼǱҲһţȻ¥˹ĸûˡ




93.  ھʮ         Ϣ

Ϣ̫ͻȻ, ֱ̺¥˹һʱ䶼ûӦ
Ȼ⼸¥˹׶ûȥǶϼǱߵȴҲ˽⣬֪¥˹ĸ׵ļ޸һسǵĸɲ缸Ҳ, ¥˹׸׵սѣصϼְ˷ݲĹе, ǰӻ, ̾Ͳ, ˵ӺǺϲ¥˹, ָһܵܡ

ô˵, Ƕ¥˹׵ĸ, ̺¥˹ΪӶϱ, Ҫȥһ˵ġ

, ̾ͻѧУ, ȻϵĻƱ
СһˣЩˣһ˹ȥҪü, ֻýϣһͬȥĻĸĸ˵Ͼ׼ĸ, Ǽܵùȥһ
ҪǷĲ̣, ŮֲãĹŮչ˲

һĿ극ȥվˣ¥˹״翪ʼЩĬһֱ˵, Ҳ֪ôο֪һֱЩĸ׵ģļ޵̫죬ҲİתƵô졭
ǣһСкСĸ׵Ŀʧ

ôĺޣûüҵйڣͻȻûˣ˭¶Щܲˡ
¥˹ǸˣĴ

ڻʱ̾Ŀռ䣬¥˹ѾɼˣΪϵΣܻûȫ߳Ҳ̵̫ãοû£ԼѡʲôĽҲԼܵġֻǹȥһ̣Լı֡

̵ͷùĻ˵¥˹쳣˵껹ˣģͻȻû˿϶ԭ
Ͼס̫ԶʲôԭҲ֪ЩԼµġ

Ҳ֣˵˻ᣬʲôģ¥˹ӿ϶֪ͨǣʲôûС
ڻҲϹ롣

СʱĻ𳵵¥˹ϼɫЩˣ⻹С¥˹дЪһڶȥسǡ
ûȥ¥˹׹ùüңȻùһҲ֪ɵģҲЩԹˣ⼸֮ԻЩϵҲ¥˹ʡѧ´
Ժ˵һ

¥˹׸ùùøף̸ȥˡ
һĿסд̣ͨݵʱĿѾЪˣҲϴʲôģιһ̷۾ֱ˯ˡ

̺¥˹˯һŴĸ˯һŴ
ڴϺ¥˹ƺЩ˯ţ˺üһѽ̱סһڡ

§Դḧĺ󱳣Сԣûˣú˯һ˵̫࣬ء

š

һ˯㣬ʰ꣬ȥ˹ӪԷȥسǵĴͳ
سǵʱʮ࣬Ҳ¥˹׵һ߶ǺϤ˰¥˹׹ùŷϵĵַһ·˲ҵҡ

ڳǱ֣λӻͦõģԽǱԽҲܸɾܸܵס߶Ǽͥġ
ǸԺӵķӣûԶԶǽϵİֽ

̺ĸû˵¥˹˹ȥ

ߵԺſڣ

ⷿƾʲôǸģ˭֪ǲ֣

ҲҪӣҾҪΣɱ裡

С˵ʲôΪϲͿˣԼˤĹʲô£ԼⱨӦ?
ƨͷϵ˸ˤģҲŹġ

˵һԣ

˵ֱӶ

ԺŴ󿪣վܿ״һʮкһʮ˴Ա߻һʮŮڳ·
Զϵͷżܣܣºú˵ܵܡ

⻰ڻϽͣһ۾ˣָݡ

ΧҲûȥܵģվԶԶĿ֡

̿¥˹ûϽһ£վŸȥæ
к۾ˣ˵ͬĸһ۱Ƴ¥˹ֵܣֵܶ裬һò

¥˹׶˶٣ǽȥˣȥŤһ

ĸźӣû̽ȥ±
ĳĸ˵Ҳǲҽȥġ

¥˹׸Ӹߣ⼸ԵĺãȻŻݣȴСܿͽ˷ֿˡ
ղƫܵŮɫƵĿ˭
۾¥˹׺кת´ûҲ¥˹׺Сܳ񣬻Ǹ˵ݡ
Ǹ˲ԼҲԴӼ޸ֺ󣬾ʹû

ʣվ¥˹ԱߵкҲŤͷ濴

̸ϽܽһЦŵǽŮʿǰĶӶϱյµŷ⣬Ͻ⼸ҺҰ˶µ֪࣬߿سǣĲҲùϼ࣬ǽǴѧϰʲôģһֱûչźˣԴ̣û뵽ͷ¡
̽Լ¥˹״ûԭ򵥽һ飬˳ҲΪ˸¥˹˵ܵܳ
֪ûûʱ䣬вǵǸŮʿͣ۸⺢ӻҪбĸ硣

Ǹо˳ˣ¥˹ױ˵ܵ¥˹׺۾磬ǺģҪ豨𡣡

̣......
⺢ӻûۣҲ֪ôôģ




94.  ھʮ         ¥˹⡭

¥˹˵ܵܽк, ʮ꣬Ҳļ޵ڶģϸһ, ƽʱѧУסֻջһΣҲ֪ﵽ׷ʲô£ѧУϿϵһ뱻л, صҾͿڴһ, Ѿûˡ

Ͷ˵ˤڵײͷ, װһ仰˵, Ϊʲô͵ҽԺȥ, ֻ˵ҽˡ
ȴɵ, ˿ںλ, ɲˤڵġ

¥˹׿˵Ҷھ, ֳ, жһֱƫңİֽⷿӸ, ۸衣϶ɵģȻôȥҽԺˡ
һ˵, һ̧첲Ĩᡣ

ܿóǸûСк
΢еĻ, Ҳڴ֮ͥ˵Щ

ǰһĻ͵͵ĸСпҲ֪ǸôģƷ˵ӵһһʵϡ
¥˹׾Ͳ˵, ºһͽ˺嵽ˣܵܿŸûۡ

ĸϽ˳½ǣô˵˲á
ﵹͬģ׼ĸ¼ţ֮ǰΪŮ׼ҹ˵׼ҹǸʿƷȻû˵û뵽ǰŮмкӣ˵һ嶯ģò˵Ǵ

֪¥˹ǽŮʿǰĺӣЩΣиЦдǽȥһߵĽҲûˣĬ¥˹ס̽ݿͷ
Ǻ⡣

ͷʱ̽ҲڻģİҲͷ

ĸѾˣڲԶͺи˵һЩߵ

Ǻվ¥˹߲ߡ
˼Զ

̹ȥӷ¥˹׻ȻûŤͷ˵һ䣬˵ų⣬ʲôȷе֤ݣ˼Ҿ참Ҫ֤ݣȻͱɳҲûá

к¶ѹɫҡûС
ת뵽ʲôͻȻ̧ͷֿ϶֪ʲô˵
еİ־Ǻии֪ȴ˵ֻΪڱӻһӡ
ҲǣҲ׶ӣܲıץȥ

̲֪¥˹ʲô̬ȣֻȰοȿ˵飬϶¶ŵʱ򡣡

ǿͷ

кü䣬идĸȥͷϢиƺЩ¥˹ף̫Ҹ¥˹˵ͨĸġ
ȷʵǶԲ¥˹ס

ܾ̾ˣ¥˹״˸кʹĸȥ˸д
һ·ߵ̫æдûôúϴԵдãȻĸȥϴ衣
Ҫ䣬Ƚϱأ䶼Űģȸϴϴ괩·ȥĸĸϴٽȥϴ˳ڵˮ໨Ǯ·ϴˡ

ȥ·ϣڹӪһ뼦ԱŻд
Сһﱻ̱ںϣ·Ͼ˯ˣһ·ۣҲࡣ

صдʱѾһˣ̽ӷڴ˯ĸ·ȥ¥ºԺɹ
ҲЩˣźһ˯ֻһ¾ȥ¥˹ףû뵽һ˯ͲѣٴѾĵˡ

ĸڸڴ۵ɹɵ·˵С¥ղŻҲú㣬˵Ȼʱǡ
СһҲˣĸŴֻСѾСһһģƺڳʲô

ڴϲ붯ⷿҲûˣĸ˵Ҳرܻűˡֵҽ쿴ˣС¥ǸܵӵǲТ˳Ǹ㲻Ǻദģ⺢Ӹе˵ϺͿҲΪôģǾðɣС¥⺢治ǴΣǰǰæҶ˵ʵڻ㼸˾ˣôãҲ⺢ӴСͳԿ࣬ҲûʲôԵǸʲôˣΪǶ˵ǸӺôһѪԵϵ

̣̫ܲϳ˸ĸޡŮ⣬ֵܽҲǺҪģԼ˵㼸ĸȸŻֵܽõѪԵκ˶治˵ģҲãСҪãҪţ϶졣
˵ôҲΪ˱ģֻǾС¥ڿܻû뵽Щ뵽˻û˼ڣ⻰ûᣬᶼЩˣһĸͬĸܵܵ£ֶе̫ˣҲͬȻ֪С¥ô룬ܹǲõġҽŮ˵һߵʱð⺢ӴߣһˣҲԲۼҼ극ƽʱסУʲô£С¥˵Ƕ˸ˣѪصˡ

ĸ˵ίȻЩһ˼ĻǵĽŮܵ߱ˣ׼ĸȻ˲ףٲ׶ӣǶԽܿɾͲһˣװʹԺ˭ܲµóǺֻгԿķݡ
ԺŮ

̸û뵽£ĸô˵뵽ǰ˵ܵһߣ¥˹Ǹĳ̶ȣҪ֪ܵ߱۸϶ﲻܡ
޵ǸѾˣǰôӦǡ

һң¥˹״źһˣкϻ簤ˣ¥˹һƤף΢ܵ˾ͺԡ
ûôߺޣһ˿ɣ̲²Ӧ¥˹ʲô¥˹ŴӹӪķˣûҾʹӷ˵Ͳȥˡ

Ҳû˵ʲôźӹȥ

¥˹׽˷ڴǰϣͺҲûԣӦǶˣԼǷݾʹڴڳͦõģʹҲûм̫ˣֵĺò

¥˹׶̬ҲЩͬҲ֪羭ʲô̼˺󣬻һ顣

Ҳûʲôңֺһлл硣
ҽǴ磬¥˹ֱǸ磬ĻӦ磬ôһУ·ֵܡ
μĸ׸硣

¥˹û˵ʲôͷĬĬԷ

ڶ죬ʰþȥ˺ңûĸȥˡ
¥˹һˣ̵ûԣϻݷˣǱȽӹصģ˵Ҫͣ졣

̵ﺫҵʱ򣬺Щ֣ﺫͺҽִ£κһˣվҽ;죬ҽڼײʬ塣
նЩ΢ǺҽܵɫģﻹżĿ־塣

¥˹ײ㺫ˣվڿſڣɫ俴
ǰվżˣϳùùøû뵽Ҳˡ

߹ȥߣӵķӦԺ£ϴķ˵ݸ
ʱûһԷУ߹ӪֽãȻְһűֽݶǵ̻ʦ̲ˣζ

¥˹ȷʵЩˣӾͷһƬֱ˷ϵĸоܺá
˵ЦǰʹδıġܵܡֻǾүҲǸŮ˺󺫰ʲôûˣ̺ͺӣ۰ոĸϵܺõѴɽ
ͬӵкܶ󼰵Ҹ




95.  ھʮ         ҽ󡭡

ҽļû, Ӧľ֮Ķˤڵϡ
Ϳжҽѣ羯ͽҽܺͺиˡ

˾ͳ˺¥˹, ¥˹ױϾˣֻվںѼ䣬ʣµĲͷ

Ѿ¥˹˵˺£˵˼ʺԸԸǻʡ, Ƕ, ֻǾ⺢Ҳ, ʲôûˡ
̻⺢Ҿ̲ס뵽ʱ, Ƶ, ʲôﲻ˵, , , Ҫһͺ, һررá

¥˹Լĺˣָо, ̸ı켣

ǰܻЩŤڣƽôˡ
ȻõǸŮ˺ܶİ, ͬҲԼĵܵܣѪϵĹϵ, ÿνԼʱϺ׽װġ
¥˹ҲԸ
¥˹ױ

˵ͷ˵

¥˹׿ԴƺʲôɩӺҲ˼, ǱϾֵܣҲܲ㣬ιҲ뿴㣬ҽܲһܵͷҲСˣһܻס㣬Ҫ£ֻܳ麮ٹ㣬ƽʱҲһܼʱ֡
ҪǸһʡǣһὫ㰲ʡǸѧĩȥҼ棬ٻȥɩӵæйãҲҪ㣬ԼԼˣú룬֮ǰҴ𰸾С

ô˵붼̧ͷܹϵҪߡ
ֲɵȻ˵ҪⷿӸʮ꣬õҲһصס㡢Ĺϵãˣǿ϶Ź϶Ҫߡ
ܸоĳɩ˶ܺá
˵겹һ䣬ҾͻʰѧУô죿

¥˹򣬡Һȥһˡ

ڶ죬ײҪˣҽҲɳˣȻ֤Ůʿɵ㣬Ҳ֤Ҳû취ľ˴ģôܿǸľѾŽˣ޶֤
ĹѡڳɽϣҽҲˣϴЦƺܵԼͷţܵ¥˹ǰ棬Ƕ¡

¥˹û˵ûסһ䣬ƶбǲʱδѣʲôõģŰɣǻмӹ

öɫЩÿ

Ҳˣ˳⻰ǣһǵģ˭ɱ
˵ѾͽĹײͷ裬˾ǰ˱˳ڵ˲£ֻܰҹȥǡ?
⻰Цá
ɲ˼û뵽¥˹ܻܵǸ

һףٴ󵨣ֳҲЩ¡
ϻȥͲˡ

ôһһʮʮ٣Ȼû֤֤ǽܺģﶼŪĸʮа˾žǣΪľǺǷӡ
Ǻ¥˹סȥʡǺ󣬾͸֤ʵ룬װ׽׸綼ڣȴҪͬĸ츸ĸߣɼҸݲĸһ⺢ӾͳС

ڣҽڹĹҲܵӰ죬Ǻҽ㣬ɷżҶŲϲ˼ҵܵܣϱһ֪ɱˣϱŵøˣĸѺӴ߲
ǷӣиţһʱҲֲͷϣ㷿ǵģҲ÷֣һˡ

ںֻ˵ɵɵ¥˹ȥʡǺ̵סԱᣬϵʡһкסһѧᣬʼʡǸѧϰ
ֻÿһˣռҳԶٺõģϾȥסǸһֱţʲôУ¹񡭡ռֻӵ·̣극һҳȥɢɢ·ԵĸšҲϲһסѧУ˶࣬ռûжķ䣬һסû˹ܡ

ÿѧУᷢ·ɩģñǰһ㶼Ȼ費ˣиɩ
̻˵úѧȡ׶ĴѧҲҪȥ׶УʱۼӣȻһסۡ
˵ĺɾʮ㡣

ûƭ⼸ߵĿɣԽԽ࣬Ѿʡ߿ҷװˣ׼ԼҷװרΪԼĲƷ·
ϼҺĹã̷ҹԱǵĲƷй©ȥǹĴ𰸣Ҳ֪ǲԱй©ġ
Զȷʵе㲻ùûвȨֹֻܺǰҵ·ӡ

׼ʡ߰һҷװ֪Ů뷨ո˵ʹ˻еĹȻʼѡַزŴ򽻵
ո㣬ڻеɹʮ꣬ܶණװķһڲ̵ֱۣļǿܡ

ѧҵأϿΣ໹ԼȥҹʵϰרҵӢʱصʵϰ࣬ܶͬѧȥŵʱϾǴѧרҵԿڣҲûʲôѶȡ

ֱӻؼҰ쳧ˣ꣬Ѿʡ׶԰ѧˣÿ϶ȥѧУıǿ֡

ߣ̾ͽװеԱǺͬƣд
쳧ǮдһЩ
ͬʱҲŮװ˾ʡǷֹ˾ܹ˾׼Ժ׶Ʋ²ȵȺüţʱûдѧѧƵģҲҪЩܲȫ
ó·ԱŮྺƳ·ͰǷֳɡ

ĺߣ¥˹׿׶ѧϵо
Ҳ죬׶һ׶ķӣǸĺԺʰͽĸոѡַⷿ׶ֵꡣ
ȻʡǺ׶ͷܣΪ˽̶ͨɻģúһ񺽡

1981£¥˹׺ѧˡ
ͬ£׶ĵһҷװ꿪ҵˡ




96.  ھʮ         £

, װеļڣΪ׶ߴ¸װȥͿʼ׼, ʽȫԼģװҲȫ̸·ҲܵϱĹȫ˿ʵ, ǴͳĴɫ˿, Ǽ˻, Ƶʽɫ, ҲѡƵ, Ȼɳȹȹװȹ䳤סԴЩ·ȥ, ȻŪɻǽ, ʮ־, ҲǴ̡̳

׶ߵǮ˶, ̿ǰ˼˶ĵطһ£ٻ¥͹ӪЩطȻһҵ˹, ˻٣еǮһ߰˼
ڷװгǹӦ, ȺھǮҲһϲ, ϱﵹкܶƯ·ϱ߾̫Զˣһûж뵽ϱ߽Ҳ̫, ۿʽ³ҲȲ̵·ۡ
ռʱ˺͡

˶࣬Ȼʹ̻ǮڱֽȻֱӴ棬ǸдһƪԼĴҵʷϸд·жģÿһǶ޶ģÿһӲЩͨ·ûȡдҵ̵֡
ˣȻ˿̻ϱ߹ĸҪһóͬǳǮƣ˵뽫չ

Ҳɵӣ˵ٺ£óϰλá
Ȼֻҵ̣ÿҵ̵ĿõģԼ·ģǸ۳Ǳߵ·ҲȲϣƾʲôǴ򹤣ɫ
붼;ܾˣû뵽ϰֵĺܺԷҪѡ

ϾҶˣȻܺҲܰѹϵŪ˵Ժڱĵط˵λ˻漰زƵҵ̱ȥˣҲû۵ˣϸʱ¥˹״ˡ

պ¥˹ҲûΣҲԼ˸٣˺ĸոźȥ˸Ĺ԰ֳ棬԰клݡΰһЩĶΪ˶࣬Ա߻̯ԵģǺ«޻ǡ׻
ǰʱӹˣΪûʱһֱϵڣ磬һڶڹ԰䡣
浽࣬ڹ԰ſڷ֡

̸¥˹״һ뿪ȥԼõĹӪꡣ
·еԶʱѾˣϰ֣ӪԱܿĽ¥İ䡣

ƿŽȥ̺¥˹׻ЩסǴ̫أΧ룬ǿϰߵһϤӰ

һŴԲ߰˸ˣֻЩ죬ǹ̲ŵ쵼֮ǰûô

ⳡϰģվЦŸ̽ܣҲ£ĸλжߣĳж򶨵ǰЦʶλԺиλϰչˣλҰ¥˹ף׶ѧоһٷԡ

ĶˣңıˣĲ˵ڴ˽ϾͺŮҲûСƣ¥˹Ҳ൱غͿ

¥˹ף¥˹ײǶ໰ˣ廰ЩòԺٿڣҲǲ˵Ƿ۵ʱһ䣬Ϊÿ䶼˵˵ϣڳ˶࿴ۡ
¶ãŮӿᣬԺǰ;ȴǲģгȣԺɾ;ԲС

̵ǲ֪ԼЩгԾעڳԵϣóԵĲˣ¥˹׼һ㡣
˵˵Գ

Ƕ̡¥˹׽ʼϵЦݾЩάֲȥôû뵽ǣǲʡôͻȻ۶ʶɽ
ԭΪԼڰһüˣû뵽ᱻײ¿øˡ
ĺܣɽԼֻǸˣֿɶ֣̺¥˹ײһƽȹϵ

뵽ͺ޼Ҫ¥˹ˣҲڵڶӰר֣Ϊ˻ָò֪˶ֳ˯붼öġ
û취ƽֻҪһ뵽⼸ܵίͺ޲ȥ

극Ѿϰ˵ˡ
̸λϰڹӪſڸϰ忪ųģ˵Ҫǻؼңܾ̾ˣЦ˵ĿѼֺóԵģҪһֻؼҸӳԣߡ
Ҳûƭˣ浽¥³ҪһݿѼߡ

ӳʱ˶Ѿ߹ˣſڿ꣬վ¥˹׶棬Ҳ֪˵ʲôɫЩÿ
߹ȥʱ꿴һۣתˣҲûк

ʣ¥˹׾ФɾҾ͸˵ˣԺҪȥ

̵ͷФɾҲãȾͽˣѧھͻѧУסˣ֮ͺٿֻÿʱһˣҲоĸУо˵ҪȢʦŮˡ
ûʲô˵ģԽõФɾ¥˹ùԺҲ˼

¥˹û˵Ĭˡ
ûκ˵ԺãڻǵõʱԼǱһİɽģԼŻ
Զ꣬һֱкܴľġ
˼УԲ̫עˣⲢǺ¡

Ϊ⣬¥˹׻صҵڶ컹ոĸ˽һ䣬ƽʱӾһ㡣
뻵ˣС;Ժܶ˵Ķ⡣

ֻû뵽꾹ȻĻ֣Ҫĸƽʱý¥˹׵ѣ»˵
ҲǼĸǰȥӺӣƽʱû£׶߻ôϤԶᾡǰȥҲΪǰȥ԰ſ˸Ϣ

ûãһĺŮߵ˵¥Сѵ裬ˣҹҵȻ£ǰ𣿡

ΪǮҲû룬ֱӳ溰һʦ¥СѼҳˣҪǰߡ
ôһڲԶĸĸվΪԼˣţɻ߹ȥ

겻ʶĸʦǣһ߳Ȼһμ껹һ۾ϳ⺢Ӹ¥˹׳̫ˣһ֪ġﲻʣҪ¥˹׸һ˵⺢Ӿʹ
ϵЦݼʦԥЦŵֽ¥˹ף׶ѧоҽ㣬̣ǿװģɶԣ

ʦһ׼ɿԱ߸ԶĸͳһժͷϵĲñ˦ϣץס첲µʲôԣզ֪ԼиŮƭӻӣҲץȥΡ
ĸˣҪ磬񶾵Ů˻֪Ҫӹյȥӡ

̺¥˹֪ʱĸѾѺȥɳ




97. []          ⼸˿ڡ

⼸˿ڵ¼, ҶⷽҲ൱ӣȡ˷ǳĴʩֹķ

ӳɹĻֱд̡Ȼûгɹ, ΪҲܶӣҿʱĸڳȻʲôĺ˭˵׼
ﻹ׶Ϊ׶Ŀֻ, Ľдͽ̡

д, ̺¥˹׶û, ϰ廹Ǯ, ̼ͬͽ⡣
¥˹һֱûмƽ, ֻúðȵĹ, һֱŹ, ֡
¥˹׵ĵ, ˭, ɿڡ

ϰ壬̺ĽĹ˵¥˹ײ, ڶ͵鱻֣޹ˣ޹, ˺ɷȵЩ¼ÿһϰ𾪲ѡ
û˵Щ, һ֪иֽꡣ

ˡ
ϰʲôû˵ˣԼŮǰ¥ˤȥ᲻顣

̲ϰô룬ʱȥ˼
, ꡣ

괩ͳһɫ·ľĬڶ棬ŻǺã
̧ͷ̣һʱ䲻֪лʵ

ͬʱ绰ȿĿڣƽɳƵҾ֪ǰ쿪ʼһֱһΣǸ֡εԼһϵͳϵһϵͳȥԺܶܶˣһǣҳɹˣԽԽƯ󻹼޸¥˹ףֻϲңôҶôݣǲϲңȢֻΪ˱ҵûа⡭Թбܶ塭һʼΪΣҷֺǣҵʵǱ͵ˣ𣿡

ٴο̣Թ޲ضزסǰ㣬绰¥˹ӦҵĶԲԣ¥˹ףҵһұ޸¥˹ףϹ̫̫㣬㵽˭

ǼǰЩܻţڣ꽫еĹȫﵽϣֻÿЦ
̣ҲЦˣЩκͿЦãұϵͳԼұ¥˹׹ɽ˫û´Ļ˵޸¥˹ףҲΪϵͳȺ¥˹˫ȲмФɾһԲԣң¥˹ײκˣҲұô
꣬ҺģԼԼ̰ᣬ̰ϵͳƯ̰˶ĺáҲİ¥˹ףʲôԹŸ壬⻰Լ¶Űɡûϵͳ£ֻ㣬ǧ򲻸ȥҶӡ

˵ܾ˶٣ʲôͻȻЦŲһ䣬ϰ廹ܹ׼Ǯͽ⣬Ұǰ¶˵ˣ˵⼸ҪؼҲһЩ飬Ҳ֪ǲǸǸŮйأ
˵꣬̿Ц

ɫһ˲Ұ
֮ô޿֣Ҳ֪ɽ϶ԼɽԲҪԼŮ벻
Ҫɽ֪ŮǱ¥ݱɵӵģԲġ

㲻ôҡ
£ˣȥǰĲһҪɽҪɽ

ľվʱ䵽ˡ?Ȼ󽫷קߡ

̿뿪һʱû˵
Ӽ̧ͷ˿죬ͻȻЩ¥˹ˡ

һ̲ס룬ǱΪǵġ¥˹סÿģ֪Լ˫ǰͣʲôĸܣǸġ¥˹סϲ
漴̲סЦЦԼӹš

̻˼ң·ϻƵȥ˹Ӫ꣬һֻѼؼҡ
¥˹׶ϲһֱš

еԶſѼصҵʱ򣬼ķ˶ѾˣȫҶڵ

¥˹ױŶɳϿ飬˵
СһֲܶϵãСϵȥʲôǸʲô
¥˹Ҳ÷һһϸ

Աĸë£Ϊ·
Сӳÿ죬ÿ궼Ҫ·

ſѼţСһ˲סˣһ´Ӱְϻȥס̵ȣͷЦÿģ衭衭
ȻСȥеĿѼһϲѼѼ

ѼռȻãҲֻһܳһΡ
Сһÿ춼ָͷӣÿܵĸǰĺˣ֪̺ĸֻǻѼ
ɰĲС

극һɳϿӣһ߿ӣһȥԡϴ衣
趼ϴˣҲͲൽϰ˵ˣ˵ӣСһ˯ʱ䣬¥˹ױط̸ˮ

˼ͷɳϵӣӺ濴ո輸ϵһһĸ
ĸƫͷЦһɺڡ

Ťͷǰ¥˹ף޳ͦΣﱧǵİĽᾧһôͶӳһƬա

ص䣬ڴ˯¥˹׻Ҫٿһ飬ĵƹˣֻǰһյ̨ŵġ
ͷ濴飬ֱݵıӰůůǵģ汻ĺ

˵Ļǰжʱһֱ룬˻ŵΪʲô׷Ǯ׷׷ƽƽ桭...
ãҲʹİ磬ңԶļˣҹ˾֮ʱᾭֲʵĿ־С

ֱ죬ʲô˻ҪԼͽ⣬Լϲ£ԼġҲͬԼ̤̤ʵʵÿһ졣

һεԼĸУԼμԼĻ
ϵֲŮ˴Ư׵ĻɴŰְֵһ̨ϸߴˣЦ۽ǷỨ

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