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11

ʥʮꡣ
½ƻ𣬴ɽɽˮɽƣ˼ɾɽׯӣµš
Уϵ˶˯òüͷ壬۽ǹ飬ƺجˡ
ĭһӤĿѵȴ޷ͷźˮ
ִһӵ˵ɤºͣ˵Ļȴ̹ǣ˵ˣ⺢ӾǿŰ졣
ϤϤ䣬ĭ۾ôŬȴ
һ˵⺢Ƿ˵ӣˣֻ⺢ˣǺοϾɱѽҰѺӴȥӵԶԶģǻȫ컯ɤдЩζ
˭֪ȷӵɫնҪӶ»˷֣ȫʬѺӸҡӾٸߣˤڵϡ
ҪĭӤأӤڵϣһƬѪģ
Ϊʲô֪ӤͷѪƺˣƺԺȫѪ
ĭ͵۾ۣڴܣ˵ĴᣣӤĿûӰ
ˣˣǲجˣѾƿᣣϿȥֻĭؿŴᣣĿãȻ¾ţĭײɾĶСˣôˣѰ¡
ĭſ򴲱ߵѾͷԼѾ£Ծʳڣ£Ķ
ղŵƼ١
ӵׯϣʮ»̥ºӣķѾºӺѰ˯䣬ӱ˺ݺڵϣѪˣһûҲȥˡ
ˣôˡС˵Ű첲࣬үҲʾͶһŭ֮°ӵׯˡһȹ׼ĭϣͷǺѯʵ˿Ҫԡ
ĭе£δشֻǵͷ
·³ȹ뿪ȥˮ
˱үӵׯһư壬һӻ裬ׯˡ
ĭȻڴϷƲšѪ٣һжôʵôֻص˸յׯʱ
ѵȻˣֻ߿ԩ󷢴ȱˣ˵ղŵһֻһζѡ
Σšƽ̹ĸһСΣҪƽ
ЩH£˭Ըκ˭κȥźˡ
˵ĸõĸĽ̵ŮϷΪŮԴź󣬼ӱϷ˴ߣȳ磬Ըţݺ裬һ䣬ҲϷΪġ
ļĸ˭Ը⵱˭ֻ븧Լĺӣ簮˶ɰ֡
ˮȥڱԹˣүΪǴСү⣬ǿɶ˶ɶ񡣡
ؼˣˮߵĭԣϸϸˣģ·𽫹ݳˡ
ĭ·ûԡʱɫȹ˸ޣӣ򵥴󷽲ʧΨͭˣĭʮģȴʮꡣ
ǽҴ󷿵ŮٰƷѲʷһְϧְ꣬ϣ˶̰ηɱ
ĭȴŸףᡣ׳ţʮ꺮һУΨһԸΪԸΪЧΪֱηǿȨԸʣ̰ηɱ
ĸѻĸĵѣżʹĸһû¾ҲȥˡԺμѿ֪
ĸ꣬ĭʮ꣬Զꡣ
ĭʮ꣬常ֱǸְûʵȨģΪͽȨҽĭ޽
ĭ޽үԲǸɵģǹԼĵޣĭ͸ˣ䵭
̬ʹ˺ЦҲ𣬸˵ĴСǡĭ⣬ƺѲ²⵽ԼĴ
º󣬱߹ظ漱Զ߹ءԴߺĭںӿνıźĸ˵С£زˣϷ˿߾ͻᰤ򳭷𾭣áССģһز
ĭʲôϷ˿ǲ˳ۣ̰ĽٻĻ޽ġĭıּ棬ֻһζţүͺˣıҵĿ
һȻĭ˪һգƻĭܹ֮¶ģԲ뿪Ժӡ
ĭ棬ˮʵȻʲôʲô·ûзһȻûһ
֪үԲˣ̰֮֮ݺĵճŮ꣬һƬĸ첲˵ĭ͵͵ŰЩӡǾ֤ݡ
ĭٿĪ硣ĻᣬֱӰ˷䵽ׯϣ
ĭԼУ»ظţүںӵķһ˭֪˽ʮ£үӰȥȴǺӱ˻ˤԼѪĽ֡
جξѣȻšζظе龰
¼ĭ㶵ģ²ⱻجξˣˣãǳȥߣƵġ
ĭͷ߳ȥվſԺеһУϤİУ˽ʮ£ʮ£ȴлĸо
ʱ洫һ󼱴ٵĭţ溬ЦµĲӷǳ죬һһ˵ǲǺүӷ˻ȥˣ
ĭСֹһ䣺ϣԽʧԽ󣬺үôҡ˰Ͳ˶ϣ
㣬Զ߽ĭվԺԶһʹЦȴ޷ǿЦ̾Ϣһڣĭܿˡ
ĭͷԼҸ磬һҲ죬ЦЦ˵ˣɡ
һǰһݣϡĭԸµ裬Զø絣ˣĭá
²δ뿪СһһϣʼԹĲǣ˭ĭãһû¡ϷˣѾߣûһöԼͣһš
ĭԶ̾Ϣû˵أֻҲԸƽϰˡ
Ҳ˵ˣԼҲ޿ϴ棬Զ˼ֻںޣڸüֹŻ¡
Σ
뿪ׯȥۣϳ˵˴һ٣꣬˲мܲμӿƿ˵©ƫҹ꣬δ˻飬ѻԼġ
Ȼ֪֣·ֻԸں˰һ
Զ֪ĭοԼۿ΢죬˫ֽգҺۣŴ󻧾Ϳ۸޸ĸȴҲǺ۵ġ
ĭƳһԶ뷨˵磬롣
ٹҪĶõˡ
Ҫĸӵаֻǧûǧշĵֻг뿪ܱסӵ

22

Զ⻰ίô롣뵽ĭںԶҪߡ
ĭקס䣬磬֪ҡԶϣ豭ݸ磬侲㣬Ұѻ˵ꡣ
ǰ쵰۸㣬˺ǡԶҧгָ棬ɳƵɤżѹ֣ۿͨҪƴһ㡣
͵Сã˶ίҪ롣·ߣô롣˵ι翪ţŮӺŮȴ֪·쳣ѣ򲻵ѣ˭Ըһ
ĭסԶļ򣺡ƴΣǻ˴Һãȥ޿ΪӦ£ΪʸȨ󣬺϶̰Ľ٣˼ҵļĸܺùŹءΪҺãͺúö飬ıһְٰ
ܣĭίˡԶǿˮʵ
и绤ңҲίĭѺһڲ裬Ƴۿ˵˵ȥȥɡ
ӦȥſڴšԶڷŭУȫûעĭĶûȥˡ
磬˸Σ̫ʵﺦ¡ĭ
ԶŻʣĭ˵ʲô
˸Σ͸˵˵ĭɫ¡
ʲôΣԶ֪࣬ء
μׯϣ֪ҵвޣȥǰۣﲻͶ类ȡԴΪɣ˻顣ԣĭϣе±ʵ£˭ңĭ˵ĺɫʹˮ˳ʣһ㡣
Զбʹ֣æοĭģ粻ȥǡ
һԶ¶ģҪˣЩҲá
ĭӦ¶һĨ΢ЦˣͶסЩӣٹһȥҡ£Ϊɡ
ԶȻӦ
ӣһ˼죬պȻ硣
ҡǰżͣųӦϾĹˡ
ĭסׯҡºܽһʱϾһ·̡ҡʢй˻ᵽҡԵãǰ̵ȡ
ĭΪ＾˼ɫ磬ǰפͷҡ¶ĽֹЦ˵ޱߣնΪκ˲ȴĳþãɼҲбɱεʱ
һͣڲԶ
ĭȥֻһӹ˵˵˾䣺ӵˡǸŴ󻧼ҵס½ŵţվһԵųڵˡ
ڵһͳɤ˲һĭ죺ôܣʶ
ĭѭȥһֻ޳ĳǽڷƿ̽ӣŽŵȵվڵϡŴ״ñ磬סӿòźɫѥһȾ˴ףݲǵġ
ĭ߰ɣѾˡԶĭ񣬻ͷѣתҡȥ
ˡĭջߣȥ׷Զ
ĭ޳΢΢һ٣ԵӵȥôҲˣĪ֪ʲôģ
ԣ΢΢һ˭
ǰŮӡѡ
ԥƬ̣ǱӰȫģ뿪˵һۣ׷ȥ
ĭ߽ڷǰߵݣһϡº־ЩǮȥԶȥˡѵóһˣ䣬͵ɢˡ
ҡһƧԺڣһ»ʯϣһ飬רעؿšʯϷһ裬ʱʱ߳һɲ㡣
㵹ڣȴ֪Ұ㣬ҪӦʣҪӦЩݺݺࡣ˶飬Ҫ˵顣߹һ̲ˣΪԼһ
˵ȴ洽Լδĸ׵ǣҲ²ߣǱֵܣƣģмƣҲ˻ɡ˵ؿԼ
ӳ˳ӣüӹǱһʱ磿˵΢΢һӿӶЦ
˵ұȣδ̥в֢̥֮в֢֮ڸ˼Һţһͱˡ˵⻰ɫݣɫڨڨ˵ˣ㶨ܳꡣ
ЩˣҶٸĲ顣
ҶٸȥãЦ˵ݣ˵㲻ϲеļңɻδԲлǣ˫Ӷˡ
Բˣҹ죿
ݱûڣּԼǺ죬֪ߵãǿ£˵ʲôǲУӵŮŮģƳۿҶٸζЦ⣺귽ʮ檸޶Ů˵δ磬еɣ
ҶٸŹݣֱֱŹݡЩڣ豭׼һɤӣҶٸͷжñӡ
үպȵĲ˳ŵؿҶٸҶʣʲô˼
Īɡܣôܣǵ˵ˣҶٸٰԼһʱ䣬˺һٻȥĸ׵ǡ
ǰ׷ū챻ɱгΧֱȡūͷ­ȴҲˣ˷ʱȥھӪУ·λ֫ãΪ˲ĸ׵ǣҶٸҶٸٰԼİ취
Ҷٸʼͬ⣬ԸӦݺݺࡣιݰٰҶٸòӦЦ˵˵Ǽȣòǰҵ㣬ܹ֮ҲΪѽܡ
⻰һеģ
ҶٸһһûԹǼأСС˼ȻҩҵҩǴ֮Ѫ޽⡣ҲҿδԲȻ˦˦ӣһ˵ûбȴʧס
¶ݾҿԼЩš
УΨΨŵŵ˵ϸ˵͵Сұ񣬷İҲĸ׿ԭΪĵӵŮƽ˳죬ĸѡġΪ˻Ϲ˼ҵãȻ¶Ҳпܡ
ҶٸΪˣΪ˽⣬˵ѣм˵ѡϾڶٹŮΣҶٸһۣмҪһз֮ϼ޶ˣϵҶٸֻҪҶٸĵطͻϼܴҶٸοϡ
ô˵ѲɣҶٸطʯϣӲ֡£Ҷүҧ޲ýϳˡ
ֹͣԣһ˿Ѫֲ̧˲
ֵ㣬Ů·㲻ɶϣ·ʱûϣϣϡߣûиԣҶٸ

33

Ҷٸδشָнߵ档һΡ
ҡǰǼңһһ𡣡ҶٸƵ˵
ݶûκθ飬ȶҶٸҩϵׯϣ񾹲֪㹴ģãõúܡÿȳѪסؿڳȥ
ҶٸŹĵıӰЦˡ
ʱ߽Ҷٸߵ˵˼䡣Ҷٸüͷ壬Ŀ⿴ſڣСֹһ䣺ԭԶˡ
䣬߳űֽҶٸǷ飬㽻ϡȥ
Ҷٸӹ飬ϸţ˵֮Եأ̸֮򣬽ԶΪ֮ǰԵʼ򸾣ԵϣԹңԡԶĲͬѹһ⣬Ը֮ޣȹüɳ֮ˣѡƸ߹֮ԹͽᣬĪһϲ
Ц÷ܵķ顣˵˵ȥҲܺߣҼٰ㣬᷸˼Ƭ̣ظȡƱǶϵĲ
ݷסؿڻ£㲻Ȣ
ȢҲ䡣ȢǲܣԸ⣬ԸΪ檣ҲһˡҶٸȭִһûȢޣһĻŮкøС
Ƴۿһ۷飬Ӧأ
֪ΨͼʸȨ˼Ъϲͬ⣬˵ӣϾŴԼŮ檣οϸĸ˫ǼΪġ˭Ϊ
ǶһˣǡҶٸ飬۵УݺӣȡЩغЩݺݺ࣬ʵһһıС㡣
ˮأ뵽ҶٸԼһ£˿ຣ
ݿҶٸıӰ˵лл
ҶٸͷЦЦ˵Ҹñӣ˵ллֵܹȻءظİɣͰ˸ϳȥӭȢС㡣
Ϸ˿ϵңݼԡ
ùõŮģ磬ׯ󷽣۰ŮŮȢһˣȢһ֪֪׵ģȻǹĸҵŮǵļңҲί
Ժ£ĭ֪顣Զ˹䣬ƷԺի˳ţֿǰӣֻ΢һۼջߣȥŽŵ
Զǰݳӳƨϣ˻ȥ
ҶٸӣɤӣԵ˵棬ʧ𣿡Ҳδһֻۣǲɨһۣãã˺һһƳȴ˵ĺͶ˿ʯƵġ
ջͷ欵ջ󣬽ȴͬİ·ʹҶٸＫΪڡ
վ΢ҶٸһֿۣԶȥʵʵ˵үֻδ¶֮⣬˼Ҷûĳ֪࣬ԲǱ⣬ǳ
ҶٸһԹϱһľԴȥԸݳ
˾ȥҶٸؿڣ˾ؾ
ҪҪ
˦ںţݡʻҡ¡
ľСϣ࣬һʻԶűӣ˵ԺеȤ¡
˼ˣʲôʱԺڣĭׯţ˫۽գ˯һ㡣Զػĭ˵ղײգ缴̰ɡ̫ѧҵָˡ
Щ黹ǲøƼĺã˸С
ԶǹִǿͷҡͷʧЦΪ˲ʧӦ£ȥͷԺģ絢ѧҵ֮ǰǰ˷Ӳõ񡣡
ˡ
ĭԶ䣬˭֪ͻȻͣ£ִһкĿ޺ǣȾɣˡԸΪūǾȾ
ԶսǰôͻȻסǣҼʱסͣᱻ
Ǻ߰ͣģлӣۿͨ죬£ʿ󣺡ҪˣǾȾԸΪū
ĭƿӣ߹ͳӸ˲ϸҪξ
ǺڱԶϣĭһߣС˵ĭçײǰŴŵ꣬ͻȻһӣôЩɣǻСΪá
ĭźӾ飬ȻһЦ˼Ҷ⺢̫ЩҲ˵ٻһʤ߼Ȱ˾˵ɡ
çײҲֹһؤĸӣֻǳʬ塣ûȥҡĸֳɹ»ҰˡˣǿˣܾȾ;Ȱɡ
ĭǰǣźӵ֣˿ϸѯʺӵ˼ͷԶϵĺˮźӵӣӦúü첻úóԷˡ
Ǻһһ˵۵ϴŸм
Զóĺˮں棬һһСӰҡͷ̾Ϣ
һĹĭСؤһǰʧޣ͸ܣһ紵ʱпܵһվſ洫
Сؤɿĭ֣ܽڣںţҴˣȥɤ͸ſǻּżϲá
ĭ̧ȥֻһɤʯͷˡ˵ֿԼ
ϸŲնĭ˭
ʯͷкæͣǵġãſλӺͷˡ
ĭˮݸĸȵӡԱĭԶϸСؤȥ
Զɼݳ
˽ӻڻУ迴ĭ˭ʲôĿģ
ĭ´Ÿˣһĵݸʯͷ԰ɡ
ʯͷûнӣԾ촽Ȼȴֹ˼ĸ׵ĸܡ
§ʯͷֱ۽˽ʣʲô
ûһͭ壬ͼʲôסҵҶ֪סԵҲǿˣҸϵׯϣׯס£Ѳɡĭ˵
Զ⻰ֽ˽˼̫һñ
˳˼һնĭķ򣬲֪ʲôĭΪ˵ʱʯͷͷˣ԰ɣллλˡ
۾뵣ɤż΢̸ֹһĴ帾Ǹйµˡ
ʻʱׯϡ
ĭԸ谲ʯͷĸӣưȥУǸ˿°ԶʰԶ
ԶջصԺУˣ˵ѾˣǸ˲޴󰭣ֻӪȱӿյţʱͺˡǸ˵۾ЩϹˣ븴ǲס
ĭ˵֪ˣչţҲһԿˡ
Ƕĸӵδϣĭ£еķչպõˡ
ĭòҶٸصݳɹݵӣϹݵӣȥս˱С
ݡЦӭ⣺磬ˣ

44

ݡüͷ壬һ飺Ҫȥ鷿ˡ˵ͷҲصˡ
ţݡ޳ͦεΣݺݵض˶ţϵᱻȡ
̣˵׻ˣɿˣһСĻһıܵߣȻȻץסֱۡ
񳶶ǣ¶Ц⣬סСֵܿ㸸ȥ鷿ˣȥȥ㲻ǿիһɺã
СǹݵĵճŮܿ顣Ҫ޽ҪֺǰССȽ˺˺ˣӵĸҪûУ
ܿͷ񼸾䣬еļĸüͷ壬мֲмһˣôܵҵļĸ̧Цܵҵĸ׾ͺˡ
Ǻ켸ɬͷСӼұϹ˵ɩѾˣٶ಻ǣҲļĸܿҪٺ˵ֳлɾͲˡ
ܿΪȻϵׯȥˣָʲôʱͱˡ
صһۣܿס죬Բ۾գգЦЩ̣˵ǻˣǳȥɣ׻ˣ̶ѣۡ£ַԸǱΣĸ첲ȥ
鷿ݡӻͳ飬չֶһ飬溰һù˹ܼһˡ
һյ蹦ˡݡһ١ͷ׵߽΢ݵϹƲСӣž⣬ԹүкηԸ
ݡõϣһҳֽܼҵ̧ͷеĺ˹ܼңׯӸϣѵҳҼǵׯˣ޶Ůǵһϣȥ˷֧һƱͬϵļױ򸮵ˣһͬ͵ׯȥ
Ǯ棬Ҷٸһ󷽣Ѻ룬ҲŮ
˹ܼɻи̣ǰˣ˿ϵĺȻҲԭ˶Ӧ˳鷿
ݡץһ飬ⷭҳ߳鷿һȥĶ
ȥϷ˵Ժӡһһ˵
Ϸ˵֪Ϻ룬°Ͳ뵽룬ϣȻŭΪʲô룬ŰŮţ˸ˡ
ڱ˿ŮздӲ۵㡣
ݡ˽Ϸ˵ƢԣҲżͣɫȻƳһ۶ŭĹϷˣѸȥˡ
Ϸ̾Ϣһ˼Ƭ̣豭һڣ̧򡰹ݡ֪㲻ϲϡҲΪܿŶǣȢһ˼ģ˵ӵŮܿŶָΣ˼ȥѡϣݵλĸ˫
ݡһԲ
ϸֵȻѾˣȢѾͷǣЩҲˣѾͷģܿŶҲá
Űɡȥ
ſϷ˵ڸסţҪǿ
ݡһ˵пջҲǹţʲôϵƷ޵Ҳ
Źܿȥի˹ܿõӣϲϲص͸˰ᶫϵŶѩһԣ࣬ںţĵⶼСĶϸǵƤ
ʱԺ߻߶Լӡ˹ܼͻȻãԭе
˹˹ܼҵļ٣˹ֲֻܼᣬʺүˡ費еɻ˷Եɡ
ʲôפƳһ裬ڹ˹ܼϣȻẬЦͦƺһ㡣
үԸѷ˵Ķ͵ׯȥ˹ܼ΢ס
ǺˣϺүϹսϷ˶Ҫֱ棬Ժܵúء
һϲǲϻˣǲлˡ
ʳڡһԵĹܿˣɤ˷ϲҸ񶾵ŮǸˡĸӦĴҹ㣬ɲ仧֮Ůɱȵġ
ĭһĲֵҪãĸ˼ۣΪļĸ
סŭ⣬ǰ΢΢°ͣС㣬ǸеĵС㡣ĸſ仧տﳼŮɲã֪˵С£֪˻ΪûйأýŮءūȰСһ䣬ĻԡۿС㽥ˣ˵ˣǴõĻЩѫش󣬵˴СɾͲˡ
佫ҲũźңҵŵڻһЩү˻ţСҡ
Ϻүд֮㶼ˣѫ˭ԸףϺүȢҶϵŮ˸㡣
Ϸʱĸ˫ΪżµҶΪʸȨ󣬽Ϸ˼޸ϺүϷ˵ҸǾȻо֮󣬱ΪΨһҶв˾صĵλ
ˮǴߣλҲ˲٣ɸЩұȣǲ˵̡
ֱܿѾǷţʱĻϱҲСֺڣһūţҲ˵̧һơ
ס֡ݾֱ߹һ۹ܿһҲֵԶ֣˵Ҳû
ܿί裬ۣ촽΢ӿšݡίˡ˵꣬һˡ
ֺһֿܿ򡰹ݡΪѣ磬ܿС̵ǣαص˵ӡһδˣ׷ܿȥˡ
뿪˵ߣϸֵЦݣԽ˵ܿܿԽϣⱲӶ
վڡݡԶֹ
ݡбϺˣˣӦں
⻰׻룬үͷ˺룿ô룬̧߳һҪˣǷ֪£ָˡ
ʱܾί޵ÿСӣ˭үĮϷ˲ϲӲףŮƣıˣǺá뵽˴¡
ȴ֪ĭ
峿ĭճԹ緹šȥţͶѩˡ
ĭץסĸ첲£ҵĽܿˡ·ϣò֪Ǽҽүˣǰɱǧģ۸Ľ
ĭ裬Ϊ˲ۣڣ˱ĪǺǲǻ֮أǾ֮ˣҵ徲١
Ų豭⻰ϵˮˣĽίˣɺҲԸȥ
ĭȰ˵һأֹסۡ˵˹ܼҪˡ
ԵƬ̣ĭ׼ȥס첲ĭͷ裺޷Ǽױ£¡һأ
Ҹһȥ²豭վ

55

ĭڵһ̡õ飬뿪ˣһٲЩ
ҲһĻʱôģŲͬ⣬˹ȥ˳УΪоܻغɵ˼£ȵʲôӲԼ
Ѻ뻻һַʽ
ĭ˹ܼң֣ͷһ仰ǣóɡ
˹ܼɶĺͷԣüĽ㶣Ҫʲô֪Ʊ£
顣ĭ򵥵֡
˹ܼҴӻͳݸĭžӽ˺֪ˡ޲֣˵Ǽϡƽ飬ϵƽ٣ƽʲôûһƺӦ
·ϣϻ޻֣żүһ棬ΨƽĽһС
ĭչ鿴˼ۣ裬պã˹ܼҵȥűǺүɻлҪ
˹ܼҰڰ֣С˫ַһС˹ܼҽӹݸĭǺүġ˵ׯӼư¡
ĭɨһ۽УӹƮƮ˾䣺֪ˣԻȥˡ
鷿ڣݡ֣˹ܼҵĻػдֵֶ˶٣̧ͷ˹ܼңЩ޲֣̹Ȼܣ񲻷ϵԸɡ
Щ˹ܼһش
ݡڰ֣֪ˣˣȥЪŰɡ
˹ܼӦ˳ճ鷿һ߽æפʰ
񿴼˹ܼһǰ鷿ţСѯʣүɰˣ
˹ܼ˵ˡ˵ĭɲţĭӦÿΪƽӦðǹַܵ𡣲Ȼ˺һӱ
ⲻ֪ĭⱲӶغ
ȹ˹ܼˣ÷ţݡŽȥ̷ϣߵԣ˿д֣鲻Խ԰·˫᲻ɣֽʣƾﱨƽ֣ûǴ᯲εʫսϵˣ
ݡ±ʣδشĻ𣿡
ͳдԵɤһԾ¾Ͳ̲࣬糢˵ʢһС룬ݸݡ
ݡ΢Ȼ˲õĻ棬ƿ֣ɤЩ䣺ҲϲЩĶų԰ɡһרעš
εе룬ƲƲЩޡݡ˳ſڻͷһۡݡ
һ죬һж
ߺ󣬷ڰݡŰջһ桱䣬һ׳ǰ
ݡе飺ȥׯϿһǸŮʲô
Ӧһȥ
ݡ˼ǸṴ̊ͼݺ룬Ӧÿ֣ӦƽʲôΪ˼
浽ׯʱĭһˣƫڡ
ׯϵ˲࣬ĭˣ衢ʯͷĸӣˣӲҲΧˡЩ˵ף롣
˶⣬ŮӺ룬ӦĭΪθˣ˼Сִף
ĭƱϾЦ⣺Ǻһףǻӡ˵һ
ҲƱȹ˾ơӿնĭ㲻ڣΪˣٻô˵ؽǱܱȵġ
뿪һ£˺룬ǲǻһӲ֪ĭؽѪĴۻġ
ĭһھЦЦʲôʶ㣬֪صĹ
ӲԲžƱּ˼
ͣݶҿƬ͸΢Ƶֵĳһĭ뿪ƬŻԭ뿪ˡ
ص潫һиˡݡ
ݡˣˤϣ͵վȭͷסԼɤдżɣ˵ף޲ƽҲͰˣȻףףʲôף뿪ǻָԹˡ
ҡͷ²֪Ҳû뵽ĭȻػпżǿġ
ããõúܡݵͷҧгݵϤ˶֪ˡ
ǾĪСһ䣺үʲôǺүӣףǺүƷðƻ¶ûϵ
ݡ̧һԹϱ׼˺һ˵ӣ˺лˣø˲ǡүôãûүĸŮءϼҲүע⡣
Ʊ˲˼ݵһ䣺
ʧһⶼ졣
ݡߣ򿪴ޱߵҹĻ˼
һԺӣܿţһӣϸϸشţʱʱĹܿһۣܿү˺ˣ֪¶Ƕˣû֪ܿ
ܿлûͣĸĻһЦ֪¸ﶼˡҪ˵ˣº飬Ҳ֪֮˻أûǣĸģĸˣǽ
ĸ˵̫ܶ飬׵˺֮λǽܣףǽںĵλ޽ŻǺá
ûб뷨ͷܿϾЦаޣСƽĸףˣȴֲֻˣô
ܿǸӣƽʱĺã˹Ϸ˵ĶЦ˫ץס̷֣ģĸף㣬ĸѾӦ󡣡
⻰ߺֵ̧˵ܿ׵ĶͷֵϹ˵ʲôأ㰡Ǹʲô鶼ס㡣
˵һ˯£һҹ޻
Ҷں˶ӣȥһͨԹĭǸǣҶôãȱԲٴ޽ٻôҵġô¶ﻹЩ𡣾һİǡ
үϷҲĭ˳Ӳˣǵƿء
ǷֱһְûʵȨ뿿ߡȢĭһ꣬Ǹֱһôûţǳ˱Ÿ󱻹Ϸ裬װӹάˣͱһĭǵæ˵飬ս͡
ĭѾͷ̫ˣԹžûǸŮӸҺ룬ǼҵŮμˡ˵꿴
ү̧֣һصϣŭˣ˵ˣһȥׯʣûл͵ءĭѾͷҲҪںܶҵ
һۣԷе⡣
ţĭԤϡ
游棬˼ؾɹŰ壬Ů롣ΪŮӳ޴ӷ򣬾Ҳýҵء
ϸҶźȰĭһ١
ĭϣţżǵ˫żֱģ΢΢ˣˣһ㡣ֻͷ˷֡
Ļˣĭϸʣ˵ˣϸһЩʵĿ

66

ָĭɸ֣Ǻ˵ͺ룬ƾʲôҲǣ̫ЩƾԲ⣿
ĭͷᣬͳӲ˲СҭţĭҲ޷Ȩ죬Դӱϵׯϣү涼ûǰ˹ܼ飬ĭ޹ֹơɿڣĭ˿¡ʵǺүλС㣬һֱסں߻ֺúүĶŮүĵŮŰԩĭ֪꣬ĭƢԣҲңҲǵŰ˵¡
Ϸ˿µĭɻ󿪿ڣϷ˵㲻š
һδˣĭæ廰ĸĽ̵ĭƬ̲Դ˺ĭ趨ʡأΪһ̲ĸ̻塣ɺǿĭѾӶ߲ȵ͵ġҵļױ࣬ҲֻǴĥŮ£ֻбģкġ˵˵ȥѹҪңĭĭҲ޷ĸԹױĭԵζ࣬ܰĭ취ĭ룬ĭغĸ뷨ӡ
ˮ˳ʣͨһ˫ϥأſ˺üͷںϷĻ
ϷһʱˣǺáǺ˵ʲôӣĭ첻֪˵ʲô
ĭңͳΪĭ᣺⺢ӣúõô˵͹򣬲ǺĲ뷨ӣʵһ㷨ûСҲȥˣ̬ȼӲҪˡ
ĭƿ֣ٴιڵϣĭؼңӦĭ󡣡
⡭ֽӲˣƳۿϷˣϷ˲Բ˼˦ˣĭѽﲻӦҲ֪Ǽҵ䲻ǱҲãȥĵܵȢףμˣ˵ׯӸˣͰסŰɣȱʲôʲô˵ǡ˵үʲôʱ㣬ȥء
ĭ⻰ˮߵӣϷˣڵϲϷ˲ӦҪ
Ϸ˽ĭ˵ЩοĻ뿪ˣֲֻĭҵ¡
Ϸˣ߽СѯʣС㣬Ҳ̫ˣүͷʱ˲ٶǾԸȥһŮֻ⣬жѣҾˣʵĺ
ǵȻԸһȥټޣٲһݼױЩҲ˵粻ڸУЩǵģǻȥˣǻĿŵռĶ𣿡ĭվׯſڣԶȥ
˵˽о֪ˣҲġõĶҪû
Ӱĭ˻ׯӣתʯͷŽӳ
ʯͷԶԶĭŽפվЦк
ĭӭȥʯͷɫöˣٹЩӾްˡ
л˹գҪǷ˾Һˡʯͷסĭ
ӿն۳ĭлӹǺöˣʱ뿪ˡ
ĭŽӣƽʱ˵´߶ˣſڿ죬޹Ӵ͵ԶҲ֪ʲô
ĭһֱ֪ǸйµˣȴʲôԸ˵⼸գĭֻ֪ս𣬱˶ƺӡ
еطסûطȥסɡǶǿˣܰľͰġĭİĸӡ
ĸӱʬҰҪеطȥҲ³
ʯͷеŽӣϣܴӦ
ԥƬ̣лˣ߶ŶգмܷҸ徲ĵط̸̸
ĭǰסӵĸ첲ʯͷȥɣ˵˵
ʯͷͷư˾꣬ʵѾʮˣŽ֣Բů˳ʮҲǸӣĭĻллȥˡ
ĭŽӣ߱˵֪йµˣԸ˵Բ˵˭Լܡ
ӳĭȻһЦССԣʵҪݻҲ䵽ⲽء
˵ţµʯߴϡĭһ
һСһԡѩ̶һ貢ӣֱӷСϣ׼衣ĭ־ܾȥæɣͺá˵ŵ˱ݸӣ˵ż
ҪӶʮǰ˵𡣡Ų豭գ˫޲ӷŵ⡣
ԭ¤ˣӪҩ⣬˽һһŮҷȻţһֱʮ꣬Ȣ׵͡
̻Թʿụ̃ĩӵ³˽ҷ򸾵⣬߲ɵͲͣѡѡȥѡһšмֲŻ⼸ֲŻҷ򸾿ˡ
żƶǸнʿҪǮ·ҽס
ŸоˣԭȵĳŵȢ˽ӣ޶һһӡǺͺһˡֹ꣬ŽϿһȥء
󣬽ӴӾ֪ͬھķѾ˹١ӲţʰҴϺӣǱиĸǧֻΪѰ
˭֪̽أΪ
ӽǮƱӶһգ;ĩ·ʱ֣Ҫǩº顣ֻҪǩº飬·ѷȥһ˲䣬˱ˣ޷ܣȻԸǩº顣
¶ݣ˽ӵĺӣ˸¶ҩƧ֮ء
ʧȥ˼䣬۾ҲϹˡҺ޾֮·ӱһԻˣԺԻԻǹ¶ԸƧȴĵʼδ˸飬óˡ
ӣСʯͷҸƽӳ˼ꡣȻһգʯͷĸȥɽԣҲûģɽѰңֻѰһ߲Ƶʬ塣
ʯͷҸҲͷˡ
ʹģýӻָ˼䣬ݣŽе̲¤ĵطﻹڵȥ
©ƫҹ꣬ص¤ӷ֣ԭĽլ˰ռ
Ӵ̽һ֪뿪ĵȥˣҲڣҲ˾ռȥ
ⶼ˵ĴĹΣĸĸӲᶪ
ҪΪĸΪӣҲΪԼ
˵˴档
ĭóӣСΪ᣺㻹ʯͷǣ㲢һˡ
Ⱳ˵´㡣Ŷĭеӣһһ˵֪ĹεĶȢ˭
ѵʶɣĭӲԵ޹˵Ļʶġ
ǰ㲻ʶءӳЦЦ绹Сδҵ֪ǶԹŮϢ
ĭ룬ȷʣѲĹ̺͹ү

77

ӵͷ¶̵΢Ц˵òŮ˾ġ
Ҳ֪ˡ˵˺˺ôܷ꣬ԱůжˣǸѾẰĺӣӾ絶
ĭӵһӣְο£ʮܻͷһӣŮûв´ǵӦĺӡҼΣÿʲϸüʯͷмء
һ꣬ĭҲһЩƴ̵ĵӲ˽һ鶼˵ͨˡ
жӵϢӼ״ΣЩû۸
ޣô꣬ÿÿǸӣڵѪͬ룬źԶ뾩ǲһжһˡ
¼Ψһĵӣû˻ĭЦЦ˵ع¡
οͷץסĭ󣬺һ֣У֪
ղ䴥ǻڸȷ£ȴѾˡ
ĭ⣺Ƴ٣ҴѾµˡ
ԺΣʡ
ûкӣټˣкӣټЩѡ
ĭҡͷҲ֪
ûһ֪ӵĴڣ㻹ܱס裿ָϵ
뵽з£ĭ䣬񱻱ˮ˸͸һᱣκ˺ɤдЩ¡
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ĭ˴˻Žӣл㵽˵ʲô
Ҫˣ֪ʺҡ͸һӡܰջᣬʼҽıɡ˵㻹Ҫļױ˵š
ĭǱˣ˼Ƭ˼̧ͷӣʺβ뷨һ˰ɡʺڵҡ֪ɼıѾá
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»˶֪Ϻͻʺɻ꣬һֱûУҲʲô¡ĭֻǺӱ£ҽΪβ۾
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ĭ֪ҲҶൢȥˡһס꣬˽⣬ǵԼϣҲǱѡ
õҵ󡣷еĻƣȥˡ
չԷޡԷһһշйӣɻʱˣҲˡһշʼնûкӡ
˵˳ȥǶԸˡĭһԿţϸѯЩºŮ޵飬ϱ˵Ѫ飬¾ˮѪɢʱʹɷݭɢ
Ѿѱñīֽ⡣
ĭһԵߣ¼ҩ
ֻ˵顢ܺ˲Ρ֡ݭء׿ǡƤһţϥ컨ǮСҪɰʡ⡢˸˷֣㸽һʲһǮΪĩǮľ¡ҩ︴
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λ˵ҩԽǧл
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ҲҿأȻʮյĹ϶ϱϱлһ߲¡
ҪܻУл֪ЩιˣТ޺Ϊũûкӣˤ˶ûС
ĭһһûӹĳ˵۾
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ݡַ㣺죬ȥ
ַ죬ίؿšݡȻʲô⣺ү⼸ϼȥʵڳŲסˣȥգ
ݡƿȥַë˼ڨڨЦЦֱ֤ܸ㶨һܸ㶨ͻȥ
Դ˺үٰˣԸˣǴδй飬׳֪үԲˣĺϢ
үͯڿˡ
ַˣݡϵϣ˼飬󹴴Цԭˡ
֪ĭҪʲôˣһôװҡ
Ը²ʵ֡
Զׯϵĭһ硣е廨ָ˻һһѪðĭæָС
״ܹѯĭȥϢӳ磬ǡ
Դ֪ĭУȰϢ¡ĭƫƫҪ·Ьӡ
кӸճˣһֱĭʹȺӳҪΪõģʱʱ̿ˣӡ
ĭе·һԣҲۣڸܿˡ
ĭܻʳеɻ󣺡С㲻ȥϷ˺ͺү֪Уͬ롣
ĭ˼Σ̧ͷ裺ںӱҳЩ˵ܿᷳҡݺңСΪжһúү谮һĻеϢ˺үϷ˶У»֮ǡ
翴СĿĲֺõӵŮƽտư˵ÿǻˣϷ˻Ů˵ĸ֮뵽ǰ
ԣҲܻȥȻҾûȥĭ̬ȼ
֪ĭ⣬ҲͲ˵ˡ
չ۵ǰ졣ӺԼСЩʧ䡣
ĭӵ𼱣ĸȴӦκ㣬ʳԣҩЩ˵ЩοĻȥ
ȥĭ˵ɻǵǵԼ

88

֪ôллˣҶԸˡӵͷ
ζҪӣʼ˵λҽŮУĲ֢֮ɷʶʵֵˣԵˣ˭֪ʮҩȥͻˣмᡣ
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⣬ӺɰóһӣҵС㶼֪ЩǮţ㲹ƷҪݳϷºô١
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ĭ״ЦˣģǲΣĸҽֻ߳ȱĿһڣҡĹ˲٣ֻ˵ûˡ
ˣϱɲ٣ҴӦǣҸ
ĭͽӽһּһΣЧУӳȥ

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ӵүô죿̧šݡ˵ү¼Ҳմ״ʣүѽӵ¸´
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վһԣϵ֣ԾԳһɣүԽˡʱݡԸַȥңҪҵŮΪ檡
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ܿɲ룬Сܵݡǰ棬סȥ·ݣҪȥϣҲǶˣǺûκιϵˣ
ݡͷ񣬻Ǹģĵڻʺȥҡ£Ҫʺİȫܿԣÿ
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ܿЯֳˣϷ䳰ؿſڣȻĻأߥܿء
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ϷЦЦҲճˣҲ֣ϻǹ˼ҵĶ飿
ĭŲԸѣ˾֣ȻҡǰĺϷ
ʺһǰһյҡ£գһ絽ǰΰݣΪΪʼΪԼáŮֳի˺ǽ˳ֽ͵ҡſڡ
ʱԶһ׼õϷ롣
ԶԶĭˣִ󺰣ӣӣߡ
ĭͷӣѯʣҲɰ
ҲģԭġڷǰԸгһܵһŮһҪǰԭЩǮ˵ţ̧󸹲
ĭϲˣ
ǰˣҼǿӳɻ߰ˣԸˡ˵ҪллӣҪӵĸҽ߳ⱲӶûкӡϵлʮֳϿҡ
ĭ˵ЩĻӵֽнԶ
˵ЩһĻպñʺߵĸȥʺߣյСֹ䡣
ʺ¶ϲ˵Ŀģ
ūģǡָԶȥĭӡ
ʺķݱҪߣ⻰˲ı⣬һԵȻ֣ҡµիƷգ֪ûУ
ֲƴǣά䣬һУźԺд
ʺԺ£Ͱֲ̽һ
ڴӦҡ£յſˡݡ
ݡΧð߹ֹסŲȥ
ֻĸ˼ҵүδ⣬뿪
ݡ⿴һ̧֣ҡȥһ·ΪֱͣϴεԺԺƿΧð¶Ҷٸ
ڴȭҶٸˣ˶ôˣæ
ҶٸʯԣΪԼ˱裬򼸿һߣ㻹Լˣ
˻ݽ͡
ҿ˺õĲˣûȥˡղײգһȥɡҪȢˣ㲻ȥѵҴ㣿Ҷٸ²豭ЦͷñӲһ
ָ̧ҶٸһȭҶٸûзţ͵ؿԼ
æǰĺ󱳣үСЩ˵ЩԹݣүҼүæмˣΪδӹǴˣ𣿡
ĿбӣҶٸмֱģӹû书ҲߣҴҲ֪㣬Թ˭
Ҷٸڰ֣£ֵȻȲŮˡݲϣܴ󷽷֣ڻ˱Ͳˡ
Ϊ룬Ҫϼ֪ʧΣ
Ҷٸ豭Ѻһڲ裺ϼûйϵԡ
ô˵ϼס˾㲻һȥŴӦҰæģߵҶٸߣļЦ˵˵˶ôʯͷءǫĶšҿº͵пűġ
ҲҪˡҶٸһģɵĴ𰸡
ϼǻϵãرֵһұϼɵ
ǻΨһϾȻԶΣڡϲȢȨ֮ŮȢϼ
˵ϼһ𳤴󣬿÷ҶٸֻãŮ֮顣
治ϲϼǶһݽҶٸŹκһ顣

99

˵Щˣʺҡסˣ֪Ҷٸ˱衣
Ҷٸҡͷʺδҡͣôסˣ
ǼǳˡҶٸôһ仰
ֳʲô۶ˣ룬ֵϻʺػغǳ롣ʺʸʸģͷûһȡ
˭֪ءղſϣһũ˵˵ЦЦġũ겻УͻȻˣҲ֪ӡʺҲ˽⣬ҪӰɣЩŮ˼ҵ£ҲöҶٸеЦ⡣
͵͵һҶٸֱͦͦվڲԶһ仰˵ö˵ôϸ˻
룬Ҷٸ˵еҲԸ˵ʼҵ£⣺Իˡ
ӹǺˣҶٸ´Źݡӣõòˡ
Ҫˡ˵
ӲšҶٸЦת˼ĭҲ֪ʲôƻʺֵٺôʺܳΪıӻڴչ
ʺ˰Чʷǳߣһʱ䣬ͽȥˡ
ʺϣֵĻЦЦɣˣǸũҲҡſڡżȻ˿ⰲš
԰ŵ˭
ִƬ̣ϾǺɵɫϺǽľ֣Ŀ֡˵Ϊ˵ӣ°ɡ
ңһƵʲôҵġʺЦЦȥ
ָСѯʣȥĶ
ȥǸӺϡʺͣ²ӣͷ֣ñ֣ҲҪ汾²С
ĭصׯϣźȥ˽ӵס˵ҡⷢһСʣĸȷκûʺĲ
ܡӻشúܸɴ࣬ĭ￩һ£ӵĿмֻɣκûʺĲ㻹ƻʺǾ
ĭԹ˵ʲô¶ҪԲ֪Լҽ
ˣĭҲֻһԣʺ겻УβûʺĲŻʺҲҪǵԾԷĭҲġ
ĭ֪ʺҪȴ֪ʺͻȻ
ȹҹʺʹˣֱӱ
Ϊ͢ĭμӹ磬ԶԶʺһΣۿʺͷһΣ΢һϢĭ˫ϥأ밲ʺá
ʺϣЦӯӯؿŲ豭봽˼ڣһ裬̧ĭ˵ҵŮĸ˫Ϊ常Сų㷽žãԲš
ĭԣ֪ʺѾˣ̹ȻϴŮ֪ʺ𷣡
ʺеĲյЦ˵˵֮Уѹ˵ĭĻ
ĭֱӣ˫̹Ȼʺ󣺡Ů
㵹̹ȻʺЦɣȻĿģҲ֪ͶáҲ˴ũδУӣҲмֱ¡ҲǶȦӣֻҪñԸǴӦҪ󡣡
ǿ֪ŮҪ󣿡ĭվһԣ峺ʺ
غʺЦһ
ĭϺҵңҵ˽⣬ĭŹĻᡣ
ˡĭŮغȻŮӦ֪ŮӺǺ壬ȻˣŮȥ
ϸĭü΢غ
˵ԻͷݣȻΪҪӡŮֻûظĸĶĭֹͨڵϣŮ˵ǻѨѣŮȻȥɸĸĶŮܲҪԸŮõŮԭһ
ĭĻʺЦˣǵһ˵ǻѨأҹŮ޽þֶζȥŮȴ֮ġ
ˣֻҪñԸױ±Ӧ㣬ǵ㶫ŵױɡʺǴӦĭ
ĭ˴˻ϲʤлһͶұĭӽ
ΪΪʺЩ⣬üĴżأСʱˮ
ʺҡͷ˵ˮһԵֳѣˣ궬꣬ںˣˮС²ǵˡ
Ǿˡջ֣Ƶ˱ǲ׻еʣˮб壬ʹ겻еġ˶ûܿɣֽű䣬ôůҲůȡ
ǣ˵ǡзκãɫʺСչ˵ģȻ֪ʺ˼
ӿն֣ͷȻΣûϣǺһأϣȻȥоһΪҩ˵˳
ʺϣҲ¶εɫɻֻ꣬ҪһԼĺӡ
ĭŵչֻҪϣͺá
꣬ʺĭ˵˻˵ĭĸǣǵһаŮк͡
ĭʾӦҪظĸĶŮǸмҪʹ͡
ЩñȣˣʱˣûȥˡҲʰʰոűɣǸڱߣĲ١ʺֱִϣһ˵һ泯ȥ
ҪͻȻ񣬻ͷ
˺ӣؾ˵й¶еϢǱ֪Ҫĺӡ
ʺͷһĭô㲻Ը⣿
ЩӲĭһҡͷ͵ǲԸ⣬ֻвѵĿԡ
ʺȻһЦ֪ںʲôİɣȻԻᱣǽ˼ڸ÷ŵ棬ᡣ
ֻҪһӣκ˶赲ȻԶ֡
ʺ뿪ʯͷŽӽĭԭأӦʯͷĭ㣬ôˣѾˡ
ĭ񣬵£ֶ˵ĸѾ֣ûлͷ·ˡȥһʱЩء
Цˣ˭˵һˣһȥһ£һӣȻƫ棬ЧȴáʺԸ⣬Ǹӡҵҩţ¿ûʺСʺô꣬زԸٵˣ㷽Щʹ࣬ʺҲӦ
۾ܿüýѨ֮Чá
£ĭ˵˾䣬Ƕ죬Ӳ󣬴ź·Ӧò̫ԡ
ҲϣºûظĸĶ
ĭûظĸµĶȴ֪վˣĭΪ檡ұΪʧȥŴ˭֪һڱ
ҲûʹӦ˾Ҫ
ߺϷ˷ǳһҵŮ檣ϹȥûȨϱˣ𲻴Ӧ˵㣬ʲôʱֵϱˡ
߻ˣƤӣ仰ͰϷ˺סˣȥׯϣĭӦ¡
Ż˵ҪĭΪ檣ЩԥĭѾͷӦ𣿡

1010

ô᲻Ӧܽĸ֣һŮˣԸҪҲϱĸ룬һԺãŮ˶ûУĭȥܼңĺģͷϻûŹţʲôֻͷӿɱںǿˡҪһаŮ˵ܳءһһϣȫΪĭǡ
岻ԥһһȥĭһĭӦ׮£ϾҲôǾ
ׯϡĭһʰȻ˵ˡ
ĭﷸֹǸˣôˣеɻ󣬴ǰ򸾣ĭ߽Цϡ
ӭ˼洺磺ĭˣղĭԽˡ
뿪ĭԵú˯㣬Ͻӵҩţɫָ˲١Ҷϼ֣ɫݣڹȥĭ˵˼ƯĻ
ĭЦĵڣǼ鼴ҿʲôϷ£ַԸϲ衣ʳ常к£ֱ˵ĭǸֱӣϲĨǵġ
һɫͷݺݵصһۣĭĭģҲȦˣˣΪ檡
ĭ˵Ȼ檣ʲô˼ңϾǻϵĽֵܣΨһĶţѧˣҪǾû檣ȥֱӹܼңûȴһŮ˵˾ˡһΪĭǵӡ
һţҪһҲӦˣĭ˭Ȳ˵УкҪںǶӣ˺ĹĶǣô
绹δ̫豭һڣס˼һ²豭ϸּǸ常ﴦΪĭ㣬ĭмĭܴӦ¡
ΪΣĭͬʡ
ׯһλҽʺ￴ˣҽרΪʺ￴Ҳ֪ʺĲ飬һʱºòˣһĹڼҳ˹šǴӦ˾Ҫ󣬲Уҵ𣿡ĭ˵оݡ
һޱȸмʺ¶ǻʼҵģȨ죬ҲҸʼҪˡ
һתΪ˷ϲãʣʺĭĵӣҲʳʺġ
ĭӦʧּУ޶꣬˽⣬г㣬ʧٿڣĭ˼ӡ
ôͱʺ￴ˡ
θƭ常һʺӣһؾĭ顣
æƴǣһٸӣҲʺķͬС˵Щҳ˳
ĭ͵ſڣؾ
򸾣ԶȥıӰһ˽Ķ˵οĭĻҪϣΪ˸еĺҲҪſ֮Ļ
ĭȻһЦûϣǶСԸȥ뿪ǺչʯͷׯԶ뾩ҼģҲؾҲиӦ
ӣھСԺӣӦûѲ˶١
һһӦš
峿ˣĭŽӳһ
ڣĭƿӣ̵飬ĪҪǡ˿ģܾвõ鷢
һӣھԺӣŷ
ļױͲ࣬׼ĶǻʵƱֻһǧӣںʱˣѾĲˡҲҿʱ󷽣Ȼӡ
һ˼ңЩǼ˻һӡɽӵ۾ҪΣҪʯͷҪ˽ӣҪӣҪõĸĶĸ׵ļױӣþɣǲɽա
ҳŮΪ檡ھֶߣܿ촫
һŮͷŻ·СײһϡֿƣΪȴżˣץסǸŮָ̧һƣ֣ļӣ·۾𣿡
Ůͷƫһߣ˲ϵʹæ¿ͷģūҪ
˭˲֪ϼ˼
Ů飬ϼԺеĶѾߡϼҹŮ뾰үۣ˵ַүȥңҪҳŮΪ檡֪Ҫˣһ̲ҵ󣬾ϼ˭֪ϼ֡֡
ֿƣʵĺԴ˸ǿֵ̣ϼأ˶֡
˵ֶżӣӸµؿŹŵŮٴ£ҲûпҪ
Ůͷҿ֣СүҪ檣ҳŮ
ˣŵһţˣ²ˡ
˵תȥ˱Ҫȥһһ˼ţǿ֪ˣԾĳֳ֪ʲôءϼھסأȻȽϺá
˵⡣ſڵԵƬ̣ǽȥͨ
һġ򣬴߳һλŮŮδʩ죬֬ü£ڵǳӯӯһգһϮɫȹνᡣ
վſɨӼۣվ̨£Ĳ̨ףָǰȻȻֵĸ첲ЦӯӯôˣҶոջҺõȡ
ֹŻϼ¿ڵĻ˵ˡϼСϲҶٸҪ֪檣öģֽסϼ֪
ϼɫãҪ飬ʣôˣǲ۸ˣߣҰĹūţǲû۾Ҳ۸ˡ
ĵŮɥĸ̴ģֵĸ׿
ȢңһӡճŮԭĹѪȻӿϼŰԸ˵һӶ֡
֧֧ᣬ˵ʵ
ϼҶٸ檣ʼţ˵б۵ģòţɿֵ֣ȥԽԽԽԽ
˼ϼɫѿΨǻ׷׶㵽һԡ
ϼҶٸԺӣԺˣ˲֪鷿飬̧鷿ַſڣҲַһֱۣ߹ȥҪƿ鷿š
ַſڣأү鷿ûүκ˲ý롣
ϼһӻ˶ַ£ϼǲƣһūҲҶ
Ŵַۣһۣһūţ̧Ҫַ⡣

1111׽

ַһϹ΢Цƽľүˡ˼˵ϼûʸѵַƳۿϼ˵ҲҪأϼЩˡ
ȥʺүᣬӺãǸģ˲ʺүַ֪˲ܿ棬ԽǾ׿ƵģԽɿء
ϼҪѵַ㣬ūţҪÿ
ʱſˣ߳ϼ˸ƣү뿤ȥ·
ϼݺݵصһַ㣬һ˦ֽݡ
Ƴһַ㣺ʲôһŮˡ
磬ִֻүүκ˲ڡÿȥҪȥˡú˼ȥһΪֺÿүĹأŲɣֲɵ
һԲվһߣ洫Ķ
ַһЦ鷿ŬŬ죬ÿ˵Ҫ״ˡϼѲ˶ǣΪƫƫǼү
治ΪĿǰ
ϼ߽鷿Ҷٸһȫעţ뵽ղַίҶ磬㿴ˣҷҴСһ𳤴鷿ҲȻҡ
ַ㿴һ棬˵㿴˵ûɣŮһ״ġ
ȻվɣҲַһۡ
һƬšҶٸΪûϼĻ߷ϡ
ϼΪջߵҶٸߣӵϣӶҪըˣҶ磬˵ĻûУÿζֲŭ²𣬺ʲôҲ벻һ
Ҷٸһգ̧ϼɫƽ޲ַҵˣֻŻỵĹء⻰ﻰ˼ͷַ㡣
ϼʶҶٸ꣬Ҳ֪Ǹ̵ˣ첻ƽϸղŵ飬һ뵽Ҫ檣Ҳһ£ؿѹһϨĻ𣺡檵أҶνͣ
Ҷٸ輸ԣϴ豭ݲ裬ˮϼĻеĶһ£һҲֵʦ
ϼۿᣬ仰˳ʣ뿪˵Ҷٸϣˣȴ˵Ļ
˵Ҿ£뿤кιϵ˵Сһ𳤴ͬá񶼳ˣŮб𣬻뿤Ҷٸƿϼϵᣬ˱裬ɫĲڲ豭дת硣
ϼ˲ͣˮøߵҶٸǰ£ץסĸ첲޳Ҷ磬֪֪Ҷ塣
СϲҶٸﵽԵĵزϼΪҶٸδ飬ڵҲϲԼڿϲ
ϼţȷһ顣
ҶٸĴ𰸺ȷһֱֻãûзֺŮ֮顣
ϼһŭ֮£תܳȥ
Ҷٸ²豭űеĽɫҺ壬ɫĪ棬֪ʲô
ַϼܳȥܽ뿴ֻҶٸǹȥֻóȥ
ϼܳۡ
һֱڵϼȥϼܳæǰ§סϼһۣһѯʷ˺¡
ϼֵĻֻһؿޣ˵Ȼ
ֲҶٸ鷳ֻܽϼȥ
ϼŻҲǿ·Īίܿ챻ǸŮģϼԷϼ޵ģѯūūҲһ֪
˵ڣ˵ϼھ巢˺£ҲȥϼʱϼϲҪ檣ȥҾٳʱʹ޲ֹôȰҲȰס
֪ϼΪοޡϼΪϼᣬοţ檣İɣǾ˭ҲԽȥ
ϼҭһֹסˮʵǵĸҶ粻ϲң˵ֻҵá˵꺿ޣﺰûҶٸȥ֮Ļ
Ů޵ģֻŵϴͻ顣
ϼֹסȷʣ˵ÿģϴͻ飬κ˲ÿܣǿּĴҶϸͬ㣬ҲϢ
˵һӣ˵ϴͻ飬һ̲˱̧ʹȥˡ
Ҷٸԣϱͼɵ;ܾ飬˵ӦóȻͻ飬Ắ˳ӵġ
˳˶顣
ϼ޹ֹࡣȻϲԸͻ飬ȥһʺⱲһҪ޸Ҷ硣֪ͬʱҶٸҲˡĿĵزͬҲûҶٸȥ鷿ϼȥ˻ʺ
ǰס˵ʺմҡ»ƣҪЪϢκ˲ôš
ϼģŻʺӣ˻ʺЪϢǻʺ󲻿죬ֻûȥ
Ҷٸȥ鷿ϺƵʱˡ
̫ͨЦټҶٸ鷿ʰҲ϶Ȧӣֱ˵ԼĿģͻּ⣬ͬ⡣
ˬһЦ޲ǵĳŵ赣ġ
ʱϲҶٸ֡õҶٸı֤ӿģҶٸ˵ϵ£˰ģʿʲôüƲߣ
ʥоϡҶٸ̬ȹ
ҡͷ̾Ϣһ㰡޿˰֮˲ˣЩ˲뵱عԱۣͬĪ˵ǰѲʷʵʱд˷š˵˵عԱб˽ң̰ܻߵ֤ݡû֤ݣѶʵĪϡȥѲʷֹʵһɸЩŵֻˣ˵⣬޲šȥ飬Σ
ȫԸҶٸ֣Ӧ˰ˮж֪֪ϲ˼ˣȻûнչ
ͷ˵ˣȹҶٸ֮ѾãҲĸ¡
Ҷٸ˳ʹſȥ쵽ſʱһС̫̫࣬ҶٸߣкСֹһ䣬Ц뿪ˡ
ҶٸͷʹķЦ⣺ϼûмʺû´Σִκ˶
ûݵļҲһ𣬿ϵļ̫أе
ҶٸһϼԷĭʺǿҩҩ
ճʱĭհҩ˵ʺĹŮ˵ϼˡ
ĭ֪ʺͣæ˳ȥ̤̧һ߹
٣ɫҪ飬Ҳĭֱ߽ڡ
ĭԶ״ʺɩɩҪϼҶ羹ҪҳŮΪ檡ɤдί߷ա
⻰˵ּֿ죬һֲĭСҳŮΪ檣˵ÿ

1212

ĭͷժ˸黨˿ελãװѰ黨ʵŵڵ
ˣҲСˣҲʺοϼ䡣
ϼæڵϣʺǲۿ΢죬촽ţʺɩɩ㣬ȰȰϣΪҺҶͻɡϼֻϲҶ磬ûҶ硣ȢˣϼʳѰ絶档
ʺϼ£̾һǺαأǻϵİϴֵܣ޻̸ѣŵΪǴͻ飬ûΥŵԡ
Ϊ֮ʵ۵ĸһ˿ɱȣ᲻֪ϵ˼
ϼʺ޶ԣ˵ʺɩɩ֪Ǹļң룬ҶҲ֪ʲôĵֶΡȻܼ޸Ҷ磬κ˶޸Ҷ硣
ʺ˵˵ȥǾļ£ϲöܡٹ꣬͵˶֮꣬һŮҲûУֻɸ檴ڽӴѡϼº˶ǣֺαصھϡģԻĳ谮Ѱɾġ
ϼ뿪˵ʺֱӴϣ˵Լˣʱ価ûҪ鲻Ҫϼֻܴ˳߳ÿĭҶΪĭǻʺĹŮɨһۣδ̧ͣˡ
ĭһ֧黨վԭ㶵ϼزʶΪΪ檣
δףһСŮڻĭ֪ʺȥһˣСŮص˿̻ʺںҩĭˣһЦ㵨ӲС͵
ĭڵϣŮҩߣȴᵽŮŮһʱͣ½Ųġ
ʺ̧̧֣ɡ
ĭӦŻʺеҩ꣬һӡ
ʺӹ˲ꡣæһ۽ʺڰ֣ҩ࣬ҪЩ̧ŵĭֵ뾰죿ȻΪء
ĭҡͷ죬Ůδү
δΪҪΪ檣ʺִϣ׼ȥߡ
ĭæڣŮ˵ľʵŮʶ֪ΪҪΪ檡ŮСȴҲ֪Ϊޣ檵ĵ˵ŮУǺүĹѪŮźӹһӣϲ޸ˣ檵ġ
ʺ⻰פͷĭĶϣʣˣ
ûкӣУĽͬʱʺҲ֪ŮӲסеļҲӣգʺ˿֪ĭУŻһЩ㾡סţһбءϼǸִֵӣĭסڹﰲȫЩ
ˡĭֹ΢ͣһ£˵ʺΪŮܡ
ʺ΢ףӦ㡣ºĺӣڶŮ˵ķϣӦˡ
ĺӶ࣬ҲںһֺαΪһŮˣҲĭ檵ԭˡһΪңĺӾӣǼӡŮӲùӸˣ˫ؼѵݣҪͷѰ
ʺǵŮȴҲ֪Ůļ
ĭ˵ЩмĻ
ʺĭȥЪšĭˣȥ԰ߣߣںųڡʺŲɣֻչеȺˡ
Żʺ֣Ц棺ūýмֱ£һԸġ
ĭصƫǰУߵߣҪ衣
ĸˮĭǡĭ߼輸ԣ˱ݵС
ӽӹ豭Ⱦ轫ӻĭôȥôã
ĭľ˵һ顣һأϼݰ裬ʮֵ谮ϣһЩ鷳
ĭò鷳ΣհɡһŮ˶˰Եĵزʲô¶ó
ȻղֻǴ棬ĭҲܿϼԾڱصáǵòǻҲ˱ˡ
ĭòϼҶٸİǷ˵ĵز
ͻ鱻ܡʺҲܾϼã˲Լ˭ﲻ۰ĸ
ϼصԲ޲֣ľż
ʹۼˣ˵ʲôϼȻشֻϼߡΪϼħ˵ʱϼˣδ˵ɤЩɳƣҲԴУȻҶᱻߡ
ϼͻȻڣֻ֣ϼû£еʯͷ£οȱӣ飬İɣүķûܹߡ
ʲô취ϼһֵʡ
ֲɣ˭û岡ġִŴȰϼ˵Ļȴ顣
ϼ˼һһϲ齻֣ܵҳһϻӣ˼Ʊ֣ˣ³ˣһл
ֽӹƱЦӣæӦϼſģ׵ġ
ĭӵϢ˵Ѿھ˴լӣԺӣǧӣ򸾣˶ˡ
ׯ϶ʮˣԸȥĵطҪׯϿҡ
ĭ˼ҲǿС£ĪҪǿͷĭϼ豨ƵڻʹУһЩ飬޳ĪҲȲˡ
ӼΪʺΡһճ
ӵĭţԼʯͷˡ²Ҫܡ
ʱʲôʲô
Ʊҵ˾ĵͷߣǴһҳŮ顣ձˡҳŮһֱסׯӣׯ뾩һ·̡
뿪ĵڶգׯϷ˴𡣶ׯһҹ֮Ϊ档𺣡Ĵʶ壬æ˹١˴١ΣײҳţˡЩȻȥݲˡ
֪ׯϵʱѾǰºˡ
ƫĭӵţΪкϢ˭֪ɥϢ
еĲ豭ڵϣɫҰףǶӵģһȣԮ֣ʹధģĭŻۿдתˮ˳ʣҧгݵһ˶Ź
ϼǹ֣ʼٸߡӷ飬ҪΪ檣ϼҲʹɱ֣޹ȥ
ӷĭԾնĭôˣǷʲô£۾о߲ԡ
ĭѹסˡӦϼģûеˣΨ޶ҡһ뵽ˣĭ޲ýϼ˺ιΪĪеңͿ˱˵ǴӦʺһǲǶҪ𺣣
лᱨġ֪ĭȴһżӲģԴС
ϼûɱңưոݡһһɱңҾ͸ᡣĭһ£峺żֺ⣺Ƶ˱ϼȨƣֻ첻ɣ
ôʳ֪ĭʼˡ

1313

ĭ˰Σƣ赶ɱˡ
ӿնãȻü΢壺ô˵˭赶أ
ĭϵıӼƬ̣¶̵΢Цĸ˵ʺʲô
ԼӡӺò˼ػش
ĭϣЦӵϣ
ĭͼһôôɡ
һϵˣĭƶˣĭ£һ˶ˮȥ
ĭյӶԣСֹһ󡣻ӵͷϵľջȫſ˾䣺»ﻮ˲֮
סĭ˱ˮݸӣȹˣǾȥݣĸʦȥʦ幫з۾
ôˣҲ֪ܲܺãѾκϣˡЩ٣Ȳ˵ܲҵʦ壬ҵˣϹʮ۾Ҳκá
ô֪ĭסӵ֣֮ɫֻҪһ˿ϣĭͲ
ӵͷһԣȻûκϣ
׹İӸո죬Ƶơ鷿ҹ䣬Ҷٸϲö飬ȱ𴦸Щ
ҶٸҲյ˵Ϣ֪ϼģַ̧򰸼ϵĶֻһīֽһأǽһƬ
ַվſ̽ӽʵʲô£
ҡҡͷʾû¡
ַҲ߽ĬĬʰһʰһСֹ˭үˣȥ
Ƴһۣϼūţбȥԡ˵ʱһŭеҶٸүˡүȻ飬ȴǱ֮ˣԸ⿴
ϼҲ̫֣ΪǻϵãĵŮʮֵó衣ͿΪΪ˽˹Ҳˡ˭ǻʼأүˣҲҪֱ棬Ȼڸסôã
ַ㱻⻰ҭסˣһԣеĶˡ
ҶٸÿԼ豭ݹȥҶٸڰ־ܾްȿȿȣȥƣǸŮǷʱ䣬㲻Ҫˣڹ￴ȷȫ
һĻԼŮˣһĺԼŮˣҶٸܿѡǰߡ
˿Ҷٸ룬ĭΪ檣Ȼƽˮڲʱ
Ӧһ߳ȥַվеҶٸСӣҲȥ
Ҷٸ£һɹޱȥã졣
ַֿ̧ͷһһ˳鷿ĩ˹鷿šҶٸ˼
ǱʹҵĭסλáͣĭݶϣСĽҿһƬߣ΢Ƶֱӳ䵽ڵϡڴϸ˵ĭʱˣۣЪ˰ɡ㻹źء
ĭϣĿעҽȫעؿţӵĻǻĸ˯ɣʱ磬ٿһ
Դ֪ҽ߳ĭϲҽβˣˣ㽫뿪ҲƾԼһˡ
֪Ȱĭһ̾ӱڷܣҲߣĳɾͶ֮ϡ
ĭƺûӣȻС
һʱĭ˯²ŸƬṦֱȥ鷿
鷿Ҷٸ֣ػ
鷿ֵ˰ȻסڻʺƫʱûΣա죬ƺҪҪ˵ɻߣȴǵҪ˵ʲôˣܾҪ顣ףʲôҪء
ҶٸվڰԵͷеĶûͣȻû֪ˣַ㶢ϼ-֡κζҡ
ĭζû뵽ļƻ˳뵽˰
ϼ֪ĭţׯϵĴֻūţ޵ֵ֪ĭڻʺ﹬СԶһĭ˻ʺķۡϺͻʺֶԾʮֿأʮа-ĭҶٸ
ʱԶӧһϼȥжд̡ϴηŻôϼó裬ļױȱӣʮִ󷽣֣ظΡ
Ʊͨͷ˶ҩ־һۣͨһȹŮȹŮȥȴԽƫָĭͽӵĳʳ¶׾١
˵Ǯʹĥ⻰һ㲻١ĭҲδͣ½ŲΪϼһ߽ľУĭ治˷ӡͽΪʺ￴ִ󷽣˵Ĭгܿһ̫ಢһŮƽʱʲôרŶǶȹŮ
Դֵ֪ļƻĭ͵һأԶ
գĭǹŮˣȻó룬еĲˣûбɫĭ쵽һУ̱ɺɫЩĹ⣬ɭ¡
ĭɫӵͷ룬ʢһݵУСٺȵ
Ц棬ӱǿ﷢ߣҪơ
ҵķĭ˾졣
Ӳٶԣ˹˺˼ڣŵĭֱҪ룺ĸˣװװӾˡ
ӸԻ꣬һ·ֵĭƿĭ֣˸ɾϷȫסĭĻǲݡ
ĭۿˣľþ޷ƽֵ
ĭ˵İɣǰ˽ҩҽⶾַߣҩЧǺܺãҲܳż졣գް
ĭ뵣΢£վʲôҲû˵
һ˲Ĺ򣬽Ʒǰ꣬ʹధжж˫Ųڵϣɫʮʹࡣ
ĭͺˣŴŵ˳ʡɴ˿ݲ룬Žӳѽѽĸжˡɤ˻ߣӺһ㡣
֪ԸԼ
ܿмŮ̫Ž龰ŵȷĭǣļ٣ڵ̫ҽĸжˡ
Ů̫ŷӦҲ֪ӵҪԣǸʺġʺж࿴ԼĶӣû˱и̫תܳȥھūȥһˡ
ĭŽ£ĸŵ㣬̫ҽܿͻ
һѪŵĭ״ĸĸûµģûµģҲ£ҺˣˡŴŵڽӵֱȵˮ˽ӵģĭ˵ģһжֵˡ

1414

ӽĭ֣ĭĪҪ˵ɵǵҪ顣
ĭҪ˵Ƴۿ߽ҵ˼֣ϳϻ̳Ͽ֣־
߹ڵϵĽӣҲֵ̿ĭһ̫ҽһ˰ѽ̧ȥѯĭ׷ʲô£
ĭԷ˵ˣȻȥԶĹ̡ߵԣΧŷתһȦŮȥ롣ܿһŮеݸֽ֡ӹ밤Զ˶
ȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽɫ֣أùŮչ˽ӣ̧˳ȥ첽ƫһһ˵ˡ
ʺ֪жָŭ飬סû뵽гĶ
ֵĿ˭ʺ󶼲ЩˡȨϵĻʹ˻ϣʺ󡣻ʺȨܵƣȫܵвǶɱˣ´ǲǾֵʺˡ˵ǵĿֻǱײˡ
ҲĭеĵطϼĵλߣƻȨעʧܡϼᵽ塣
ʺŭڻϡʺг˶ɱ˵飬ڱΪ֮£˻϶Сʱۣߵ̫ʺۣ˦뿪ȥ
һֱҪӣλʺȥҡһλʥ֡⸾ʥҽտпûʺУһϣûϻϲ˷ܡţ⽭ɽںˡ
˭֪⵵ڣ˶ɱ˵£ֵĿ˭ڻϿԶĻʺ󰡣ĿǻʼҾá᲻ŭ
ϺͻʺͬʱŭҪ󳹲¡˭ҪõӦеĳͷ
ĶȹŮβԣöͷȫǺ飬ⲽ֪ǺáͻȻһ뵽ǸֵˣҪˣһӰķڡ
СŮƿݣǰץס̫䣬𼱻ǵңҲû뵽ҩ̷Ϻͻʺ֪ˡ
˵ⶾһʱˣֻһ֪Ҳᱩ¶
̫ǿװ򶨣ĹŮļ۾гһߣϸɤʲôⲻû鵽ͷһء
˵ʱŹŮ軵ϡȹŮã̫Ů󣬵¶ӻͳһ籣²ڹŮϣհ˫ſʹ
Ůƴȫ˺İ籣ɫǳɽɫɹŮû̫ʲô޼¡ΪɥȪʱսİɿˣͨһתһƣ̫˫ĿյڵϡŮҲ̯ڵ˿
ʱű߿վſڣɷؿ
ְѻԵ̫͹Ůڵϡ̫֪ηŮ̧ͷϺͻʺףһһԣȥʱʺ󿪿ڣ˭ָʹ¶˵ģʵһȫʬ
Ů֪¶졣˵ˡֻΪ̰ͼӣԵ̫о֮ŴӦ̫¶ġ
̫౻һͰˮתѣԶĻʺͻϣʲôҲû˵˼ΣڱУһҧڵĶңĲˡ
ָ̫ʹŮ¶̫ˣҲͶˡŮȥȱУйŮ̫඼ȥ̡Ů̫һ̧ȥˡ
Ϻͻʺ鲻򵥣򵥵һ¶ȻˣĻ֮һ򵥡뵽ˣۺʳѰǸж´λ˭ֵĿ굽˭֣˰ģ
ʺ󽫹һ飬Ҳû˭ж
°ͣ˼һˣԴطͻƿڣӺӲƫ𣬰ǽʣûеʲôˣҲֵĿأ
ʺݸϣͷ˵֣ж֪ȥһ£˳Ůһ˰ɡ
Ӧһת߳żٵĲƫ
ƫſΧ˲ˣ඼̫ҽԺġûôӹж̫ҽԺ˶ˣɼۺԽӵĿС
߽ӵԷĭſڴߣ滨մżЦ⣬²û֮ǡȻ̫ҽѯ˽ӵ״֪£㿪ڵӣϺͻʺ롣
ĭӱ壬ҴҴӣۺڣʰߵʺߣѽӵ˵ˡ
ʺˣ˿ƽࡣֻҪû¾ͺáʺĭ˺ӣ˸ӡĭ֮һü˳Ŀ̬ȹ誣ɫЩˡʺ²ӵŵˣЩۣɫ˼֡
ŵĭʺʹ˸ɫʾʺ󿪿ڡʺϷ޶꣬Ȼ֪ϵ˼ϵͷתĭ֪㵣ĽӣڽӵĶѾסˣҩ඾ҲſģԺӶá
ĭһһӦţˮӿʺ󣺡ֿץסˣ
ʺû뵽ĭֵ£С̫ηɱǹŮҲȱУˣͻ㣬еʲôˣ
ĭ״˼˺һüͷչչüҡͷӦûеʲôˡһΪƣʵ벻ʲôˡ
Ͽһۻʺֱʣɷʲô쳣СƵĹŮˣźǵʳ
ĭĿࣺСˣֹؿһۻϣ߷ڻʺϣһЩŮˣڰǰŮͷСƹġҲ֪еŮɹŮףҲ֪ǷǶࡣŮãز죬˺Ůĸ꼰㣬ԾͶһۣһŮ̫ජСƵһһóʲôӡСˣŮž̫ˡ˵˹Ů̫֡
ԶɣϿһۻʺ´ĭͷһֱڲ˵ʲô˵ļ˸
ʺڻп˻ɣȥʵĭϣû˿µɫ֪˿¶飬˵ĲǼٻһ֪ʱʵ˵Щ滰ټٲŸš
һյ蹦ֻˣߵʺߴȥС˵˼䡣ʺ󳯻ϵͷĭͷװֻ֪ˡߴʺѾȷˣ˵ʵͣһʣ㵱Ϊβ˵
ǸСŮΪɣû¡Ůû֤ݣҺָ˵ʺжۣŮΡĭʵش
Ϊ˵ˣ϶豭һ˲˲ؿĭĭü˳Ŀı£һġ

1515

ĭ̹Ȼɱ˵£ۺȻŭһ֪ŮûҪ˵ܺĸŮŹһ˿ң⡣
˵Щƺ˲õ£뵼Ůڹʱ˶˵ηɱĸ׷游ȥˡŮΪ常ֵСųСĽΨ̤һΪʸȨ󣬽Ů޽ںŮսսıĻţջǲúүϷϲΪճŮһ仰ͰŮ䵽ׯϣʼղŮ׵ĻᡣŮׯϣκүܸŮһףȥŮһź顣Ҳ徻үҪŮΪ檡ŮҲǸĸбĸȥ󣬸ٰ㻤ţ檣Ҳǵ˹УŮŹ˼徻ӣ˭˸ĸ¶
Щᣬθĭ棬ˮٴǿջЦ
ϿĭĪһۡ򸸵ģ̾ϢϵŮӲ࣬ĭһԻʺ˵˾䣺޻Ҫ»ʺɣܷŹκһˡǲȥͳ촦Ҫˡȥ
ʺ˴ӵŻϣ͵⡣ĭȻţŹͻϡȻˣʺתֵ֣ĭ²򵥣᳹顣ʲôϢܸ߱
ĭӦһǣڻʺһ˻Ůһ£֪˵˵־²ϵһŮһʱҲòˡ
豭Ѻһڲ裬ʲô¶㾡˵⿴ûϵ£ϵܴҵ˿Ҳ˵
Ů󲻾ãׯϷ˴Ůˡĭϸֳּʹʱãĸ˾綾Ů룬ǲŮŮ˼ȥҲ벻ףŮкԩһûɱ˸ĸû˷û˺ӡӦɺϡ
˵ģʺ˷ʱһʲôװϣĭȥϢĭߺ󣬻ʺĭıӰ֣֣˵ϼ𣿡
ӡУϼ佾ݰԵЩȴû񶾵飬ϼģͻС
˵ǲϼģǲǣϼأԽǲܣԽпܡ
жûţʺ֮˸ǣδ˿Ǿ˵²ģпϼûȷе֤ݣҲ¶ۡ
ʺͷ˵òȥ¡ĭĻ˷˵ģ˳˵ģǰߣĭ˼ֳ򵥡
ָ˼ʺ˵˳ĭղŵЩܾǹ˵ġ
ʺڹж꣬ľǹĶǵϷˣܾЩĿġߣĭҲƹһжԻʺĭ
ĭû뵽ʺ˽һ΢ĩϸڶĻɡĭһĵǽӣ뿪첽ƫ˿̫ҽԺ˶ˣֻһŮź򣬴ϵĽƺ˯ˡĭߵߣ˯ð꣬ŵɫɼ֡
СŮĭˣæǰ̫ҽĻ˵һ顣ĭˣм䣬ȥϢ
ĭսӾˣֻƤزԸ
СŮнԶĽŲӻۣЦŵĭˣˣ
Ѿϼϣ˿ʺ˼ˡĭڽһͷĸɻвĵطӴڴڵѪɰĭŻˡ̫ԺҲˣ˵а˰һǧϲߡ
֪ĭǣ˵Լڿˮĭæˮݵߣʾſ졣Ӻ˼ڣڣʺΪ֮ǻıȱԣѾˡ
ĭںĭ֪ӵһʶƣҾûȥɻʺû֤ݣҲܰô˵ڻõأô˵˵ȥĭռĸĹء
̾ϢһԸ½κβ͡
֪ԼĵǶġ
ĭʵʩƻʱҶٸѾĨȥ˵ĺۼͷүѾˣ޶֤ʺ鵽ĭϡ
鷿С
Ҷٸһһɽˮһɽһˮһһһֻϧ񱻹УɽҲΪ쵽ѣҶٸתһۣȻ鶼ˣ
үĻˡǸС̫͹Ůˣˡ˽ϼϣҲĨȥǸСؤ١˳˽үһָ֤ϼϼƱҲ޼¡湰ֵ
Ҷٸڰ֣ȥɡתֿǸƺ롣
ӦһǣתȥߵţתַЦЦü£
ַӣģ˵һСؤС귽ʮ꣬ʮֻΪͽ
ûлشֵַ磬ĺɲ˵ܵܡҵĹҲû˴Уһͽܣ
ˡվһԣޱ˵ǸΪʯͷкүϵģܸүء
ԭĭϢעϼߵˡҹյһдţŻ֮ϼ֡
˱档ˣ滹˷ŻĹдˡ
֪ڰǣѷǵС輸һʯͷؤӽү˵ջء

1616

ʯͷؤɫɫˣԸүֵͷһװ취
һ磬Ĩڣؤװ˸ƹˡ˵ҲɣʯͷҪ˼ͭ壬ԶԶƼһͷˣƦƵӵ߹
ʯͷ״Ҳ£ŴŻڵڵϣƤЦ˸ʩᡣ
ʱүŰֲҡͷⲽʯͷǰӸµؿʯͷֺСӣİɣ𣿡
ʯͷժͷϵĵݣ̧ۿүڨڨЦЦôطԵľ˵үСģĹأϣ¡˵Žͭϵһ̾òִӻͳһӣͬͭүУСģТԺСһڳԵģ˸Т
үͭǮӣŵĴЦ⣺Сӣеɫİɣھү㣬û˸۸㡣
ʯͷͷлԺÿ춼ڽ֣ǮүҲʯͷáÿ춼һӣӲ˽أֻ¼ͭ壬ү
үʶȤֻ飬˵ҲȤܰ˶ˡϲ˵һȥʯͷͳүĿĹֽձʱҲʯͷҲ
˭һʮؤẦȪء
һգүүһЩرĶ˳˲ȥһ
үǵͷߣպɱģУԶ˽⡣ֳ£ҲԸʧƵĻᡣҲ޷ҩ
Ҫ˽⣬ʯͷ˵һҩ˵ҩֺܺΣ˳˲ȥһʱһϵʿģʿˣˡʿǳҩģΪûƽҩˡ
үˣʯͷĸǣǲүɵߵɢͯӡʯͷ˵ҩȥҩץҩȰҩιһ˹ˣ˹Ͳˣ˺ߣڶ˹Բѣһ˹ˡ
Чôãʯͷҩԭ򣬿˹۾ʯͷĬϢ򣬰ģʰүֵ֣޸
ҩĹˡүЧ⣬˰ץҩ
ʱʯͷѣҩЧ̫ˣλݲ򵥣˵붯Уһжǹ˹үﲻ𣬲ϢȥǸã
үеʯͷʯͷΪӵ뷨ⶼԺ£֮ѹ˰ŵ°á
ʯͷҩʱ˲ע⻻ҩүƳɵҩˮ͸֣ʯͷؿڵʯˡȻȻˡ
ְѶҩͽպ˴ĭ֪нϣʺͶ¼
￩һ£ⶾҩΣ֢״һ˺ѷ֣һΪγͶ¼ֲˣүʸ˭֪ȥүסүѾˣһ̴ؿڵѪУ˫۵ɵԲȻĿ
˼񶾣ȴûĲ״ŵȷسүԺӣΡΡֻһͷǾǣˣˡûȥ߿
ϼԷ
ϼվ£һʳһ⣬ʱʱŪеưģǸ߸Ȼʮָˡһ뵽Ǹ˿ˣϼü۶Ц⡣
һԵѾϼĸ˽ϼ˼Ҳ֪飬Ϊ˷ֺӣ̲ס˵ϼҪ޽ˣҲֻϼϾү
ϼ⻰ǸˣҶٸ̬ȣɫˣƳۿѾҲ뿴Ц
ոߣ֪ܲҶٸ̬ȣȥ˾Σʼܷܣ÷лˡ
üûȥˡ
СѾû뵽ƨĵϣæڵϣֳ̧ϾһƣǸԲū澴ˣū첻˵˿˴ūһƽϡ
ϼЩӵŭҵ˷йڣĵͬƽϾСǼˣ
СѾ֪ϼӣ뿴˲ʹ죬ֳԼӣūű죬˵ǵÿˣū澵Ĵū澸÷žžžһŽ׵СϼҲû˼Ŀڣˣɡ
˵ŽӵѾ߻У̧ۿֻŻСܽǾ֣δȴˣ²ˡ
ϼйɲõԤУſǹˡ
¶ˣǸƤˣǵ¿ܰ¶ˣô찡ߵϼߣһ̱ڵϡɷףŵû겻ˡ

1717

ϼִ֪ˣʺ֪ˣҲ֪ˣǻϵò٣ʹٵó裬ҲֻǸ
קסϼȹǣУȥүүۿˣһ濤취ġ
ϼŻһ䣺ȥҸδѲӰˡ
ȥ鷿䳡ԺҲˣ֪ˣ˵ټѾ˶ʱˣͽˡ
ϼһһ̱ڵϣֹţˣһжˡ
һ뵽Ϻͻʺ𷣡ԹԹޣ̲סһۡϼŶӰ
ϼԺг£һԸϼȥһԸܼң̫ҽ
ܼҸߵǰ仰˵״סˡմӹϵĻѵʹŮǸŮΪһˣ˵ΪʼˣҲͰˣȻɱ˷ŻʹͶ찡
ֱϼԷϼŶӴͷϵĺֱðؿڵĻʱϨ𼸷֣ŮծϼСûĸףֶ谮֣첻µزµӡĻҲöš
ϼʹˮŭɢϼԣҽ˵㴳˴ǲܴˣȥذɡǻϺͻʺĵߡ
ϼĶӸˣϸ׵һʺ͵ģңҲȥء뿪ҶᱻЩ꾫ߡ
̾һ㻹𣿻ʺɱӺأҲԹ̫ˣƤӵɱˣϣû㶼ھˡ
ϼοͬ⡣ϼ뿪˵ûˡʺºͣҲԼֶΡϼѾ˻ʺļɻ䡣
ϼ޹¶׹⣬ĭǸûĭҶô檣һҪŪĭ
ϼζԸĭ˵Щ¶ʹģѾˣֻҪȥأˣ»»СС»ˡҪˡ
ϼһۿһ죬˳ʣקٴο󣺡ܰĸҵˣЩһֱңҡŮû㲻ɱ
˦ϼ䣬ȥϼûзˤҲ˲࣬˫Ų˼ڿ޺ţŮ㣬ˣŮҪűߣס˫ȣˣﲻŮû
ͷǱϼµΪһūţںεذֲһҶҪȥأ֮ء֪ˣǻʺˣɱɱûʺںεأͣһ£Ӳֱ֣øϺͻʺһ˵߿ϼ߳ϼԷ
Щ̫ˣ˲֪ߵغĵزΪһūţҪ
ϼԷ׽֣ǰԺȱС˶Ҫȥ̡Ҫȱ֣ʼֲţź˵ϼԭµˣүܴɱ
ܼ֪˼֪˴¹شǰ⽻顣ڸҫˣﲻˡܼȻҲǺ֣˶ס죬ָС˺ݺݵش򣬲飬˭Ҫ飬һľ
Сĸҷˮʹʮ߾ٰ£ʮȥֽˡ
ϼϹʱֻʣһ
ģۿϼˣһѪ϶㣬ҪңһδˣſڳҲˡ
ϼδֱܰΪҹˡۺĽ
Ϣܿ촫
Ҷٸ֪ϼǰҪֹˣݸһЦ˶ȿȿȡԼ˽磬͵ʲôǸСؤأ
үؼˡ湰ֹش𣬡үǷ
ǸӣмֹӣͽܵҲַ汾̽ٹЩʱȥȥɡҶٸֿʣ˫ֽٻӰ
ǡٳһϵĻñӰЩĭ־Լˡ
үǲϲ˼Ϊλử˼ҵĻֻһͨͼ
ת뿪ߵ鷿źҶٸ˵ַȥŮӣһ书һҽ취͵Ůȥ
ţһʱ׼үͼ͵Ů˵ȥѿڶŮ˭

1818

Ҷٸ⻰Ƿ飬ϵ̨Ҳ볯ſȥñ㡣
ֽס̨̨ȫī浱˴Ҳī֭ԹؿҶٸֻʵʵ˵үαضŭ˾е̨˾ȥϴϴ첽߳鷿
ַվһԣǱģ˫ֻ̫Ȥˣ֪үϲ˵ʵϹ˵ʲôʵ
鷿УҶٸˣؿ£溰ַ㣬
ַȻ֪Ҷٸ񣬶ˣһе̨ү̨ˣȥϴϴˣղˣȥ죬үĴ¡ҧøأȻҶٸ˼
ϲ˼ңүļӣҪ˼ҵ檡Ҫ˵˳˼޹ˣȾŮǿˣؼүϲүѼӲ-ϡ
Ҷٸַ֪ԸԶˡſտҲ̧֣ͷ̾ϢСӾǷᡣүЦҲҿ
׼뿪ȥۣҶٸתݣվſڵͷ˿ī֭үк·Ը
ȥ￴ʺǷΪˡҶٸһ棬Ĩ˹ңüͷ΢ذڰ֣ȥȥɡ
Ŷһתȥȥȥ˻ʹ

ʺҩ룬ҩϣ̧һ۵ü˳ĿĭĭһӸʺ󣬻ʺЦЦиϢҪ㣬ϼͳ˾ǣǸҲˡ
ĭΪָ̧ʺ˲죺ϼµģ
˵أʺζطʵ˲ĭˣʲôҲûⲢĭ޹ԽԽ͸ΣϼҲĭѵģѵżȻʺӲżȻ顣
ĭ֪ʺˣæڵϣŮ֪εǷϼģŮѾ֪ׯϷϼ˷ŵġ
ε֪ģʺδĭ̬Ҳ˼֡
ĭݸ˻ʺյţ˸ŮģȻŮ֪Ůĸ˫һȨƣ޲飬Ҳ޴ӲĸжŮ²ϼйϵû֤ݣҲҺ
ʺӹϸһĭȻȥɣ±֪ˡ
ĭ˳С鲽ƫ
ӵĶˣΪ˲ѪҪա֨һǽŲнſڡȥĭˣ
ĭ£Žӵ֣ĸϼϳ˾ǸҲˣĳǱˡ
һϲֲǣĭʣﻳ𣿡
ĭͷɣӦû֤ݣȻղŲ̽ҡŷһĻ˵һ飬ĩ˵ʯͷӦûβͣȻˡһٶΪ֮ʺǺ˵ġ
һǹȥˣɴ⡣ϼϾǻʼˣ첲ǵ֣û֣ʧһ֣Źǣ
һһɡȥϣʦ幫۾κ۾κ۾Ƕһ㡣Ҹ翼˽ʿ˹٣ǾͲöˡĭ˵ȴûϣԶϣ٣Ҳܸʼ˶Կ
ҪӵԼӿҪˣܲܶһӡܱˡӣܿӣȻ⡣
һĭ뷨ŮϱͲףҪѡ
ĸ⡣ĭԼ뷨˵
̾ϢŮףѣ·أҪˣǽҾҩģȻ֪ж
ĭЦЦ£һϺͻʺһΪԼ˿ô׬ӣһŻϺͻʺһͬġ
˵Ҳٷϴˣ˰©󣬹벻ϵĿڴģӣ˻ءԸóϣû˿Ծܾ
ĭԽԽÿУԼ뷨˽ӣĭ֣㿴ųȴСû˸Һͻ⣬ûԸô󡣡
ֻһСŮӣҪôʲôǾˡĭЦЦ
ݶϣ潫һƬŻȥʩչṦ˾Ҷٸ˵Ҷٸ
Ҷٸѵò鷿ͤǰһ裬һţϾζЦȻ⣬ϺⰮ檵ӲС
վԱδһ̲ס̣үҪ

1919

˺ʱӦˣ˼ҾûͬѽΪԼүȨѹˣ
Ȼɹ͸˵İǣ۲䣬ĸˡ
Ҷٸ̧ܣַӰ̲סѯʣַأôôû
䣬ַ߹񣺡ү˺үˣڻء
ҶٸһϵһЦոӣˣĻҪˣҲȥء
治ԸȥϷĸΪõţȻĽѵ˵ŮãǼŮҲЩ߶ˣʶҶٸҲԸȥˡ
檣Ϸ˼ԣ˵ĭظ˼񶾣ŰŮšͲĭʮ״ˡ
Ҷٸķ˵˾˼ұˡ
Ϸ˾Ϳʼˣ˵ײڸУûȢܼҲ£檣ҲŮ
ҶٸӦϷ˿ʼ޿䣬˵Ҷٸɥĸ׳ղߣҪţܻܲŶ⡣Ҷٸķ˳ִϷֵҶٸҲ⣬ֻˣˡҲԸμӹ˺ԭ
ҶٸѾһ裬Ҷٸ֣үôļӣҶһˣ١
ҶٸҲԸ͹ݴգ˳磺ʲô˵ɣҲμĻ磬̸֣
֪ĸ˵ֱֱȥġμӻ硣ĸǸġ˸ҾҶٸļ򣺡ˣӹǲãӡ
Ҷٸ£ŽɵؿŹݣıˣΪ
ǳĳǸģǲţ㵽¥Ⱦƣü
Ҷٸڰ֣ȥˣڡ
ݴҶٸҿɫֲӰɣ
վүͿ֬Ҳ˴֬δ䣬ͷϰһԹϱ
԰ŰɣҶٸǰϴĨĨȻɫЦ
Ц𣿡ҶٸָſڣЦȥ
ݸ쵰ȻЦдɫõͿ˵֬ʹ֬ЦǶɫ԰ףͿͿĨĨǶƵģԼġ
ؿֹסЦϵЦôҲβˣˣҲЦˡбҶٸֵԽԽǶˣŲŲѧ˼ҹҲ֬Ĩ
δ˵ֻ꣬ҶٸŭһӳȥصĿ
ַæǰ˹ݷץסĸ첲һһ߽˳ȥݻͷߣ㲻
Ҷٸ豭Ѻ˿ڲˮֹסԡ
ַŮӣԼʮڣɱ̳ϵĹ֡
ҶٸüͷȻЩá
ַԹɫȻҶٸĲͷŮӣ̾Ϣʲô飬Ӧøˡ⸱ɷ򵱹ѸƵģ˵ǳ΢΢۾Ҫ沿Ҫ͡˫۾΢УЦñȿ޶ѿ
ŮӺûַı飬ϥҶٸԸ
Ҷٸ豭һɤˣǱһˣӸǱ㲻Ǳˣɷ˶ᡣ˵֡䡢͸óĶ
Ů˫̥ã˫̥ãģȴͬ˫ƤŮǽ㣬ƤŮáֻ֪дû֣ҶٸǼȻǴɡЩַ˴ȥһЩ˼ҵĹء
ַӦǣ˴ȥ
չ۵Ѯ³ݵĻҶٸûμӡܿˣƫƫ˲⡣
źܼ˵ӣҪŰݷáҶٸеᣬߣƿȥҹһѩ˺һף͸ڴɨ
ܼҵȲػѯʣүūôظǲҪū˵Ӳʣ˼ͣ
ҶٸתɡЩ¶˳һ㲻ʮ塣
ܼߺҶٸ溰ַ㣿
ֵַ߽үԸ
Ҷٸ˫ֱ󣺡Щȣ˰̧̿ߡˣȥǸŮˣɰáˣʺҲ촫Ϣ˰ɡ
ַȥˣ˶̿ҵ棬˵Ҷٸ
ˣַմӹţүЩû˵ˣȻʣȻ澶ֱ߽鷿ֵ˰Ȼʺˡ
ҲҪˡүҪ˼Ϊ檣

2020

Ҷٸ̧һ£Ϣȷ𣿡
·Сûо̫ҽԺҲûϡʵ
ҶٸĬƬ̣ϣת̫ʦϣͻȻʲôʣʯͷˣ
ԴҶٸ׼ʯͷΪͽЩլתơϣʯͷ跨򣬿СӾǲš˫̥ýȥҲᡣ
ûšЩɥ
𣿡Ҷٸ޳ָߵ棬һЦž취ǵע⡣乴ָҶٸ߸
ҶٸչȥСֹ䡣һҶٸĴָ˾䣺үȥ졣
Ȼзı£ҲӲүġүֱ伫
ʱΪĭеôͱүء
Ҷٸ֪뷨һ˷䵽ãһӻز
Уĭ˸磬̧ӣеС·ˣǻȥء
һ裬˴Цӯӯˣǿˣʺﻳˣֻǲ£Ǻȣʮа-ˡ
ȥˡĭӣĺƺиоһһ£ĭĿࣺĸղһ¡
äĭĶʣ˭ѵڻбˡ
ӣҵĺһ£ĭԲĶӡ
ºӿٴҲ֪ǲڻʹֲƷϵԭ򡣶Ӻࡣѻ£ûӣʹǾƻʳǲġ
ԭǺˣˣˣҲʶˣڹһʱ䣬ҵʯͷʱûʯͷǸͣģÿÿ˯ǰһӡȥǻǰȻƽ˵࣬ȴҸ
ĭ˵ʲôӺһ֨ѽһ߽һĽСĹŮ溬΢Цĭӣʺȥһˡ
Ͼĭסӵ֣˾䣺ĸЪţȥȥûʺˣҪǵ˵ˡ
ĭ֣Ȼ֪ĭҪ˵ʲôȥɣĸ֧㡣֧Ӳ֪Щʲô
ĭŹŮʺ˵ĭˣϵЦݽ󣬶ĭ֣ĭˣ㻹Ŷӣֿĭӣ£߸£ɲ¡
æӹĭ£Ҳմ˻ʺĸԵú˯㣬˴ţ̹ˣȻúá
ĭһ䣺˵öԣŮóԺúȣһȦ˵ֿʺĶӣЦ˵ȸʺϲˡ
Դҡ»ʺӲΪɣͣ˹밲ֽ֮ݽ̫̫һֱ뱧ӣ֪ʺҵ˸ʥ֣׼ӣвԸæĵٴγɽǶȰ밲ôһͣ˲٣Сˡ
ʺ֪ԼУϵЦݾûĭϲ̾ҿ㣬Ȼ֪ʱԸ񱾹ҲԸˣӦ£زʳԡ
һǧŮŮһ󡣡ĭ˸ӡ
ʺɨһ֣Щʧĭ治֪ߵغĳ޼ɵأôˡ˵󣬲˵ôߡϸַڸѾ˸СĭĹͣ󣺡˵ɣֻҪܰ쵽Կǿǡ
ǿǶһæȻĭʧˡ
ĭ֪ԺͦɫȻŮʺ
ʺüĽɫɻĭô
ԣŮ⣬ʺιɡȻʺشĭ˵Ҳ֪Ů˸Ҳ¿۳ңҲȢɩӣһ˲һסҡ˼ȥ¯ŮӣӣĲ̤ʵŮ⣬ⲻףοŮӡŮҲΪԼҸɽҲ˵Ǯͬ⣬͵Ůû˵
˵ʲôأʲôͬⲻͬģ˵վʺ̧ĭ
˼ˣæ񡣻Ϸʺʻʺ󣺡ʲôأʲôͬⲻͬģ޸ǳɺã
ʺĭȥĭ΢΢˸ӣṴ̊ƣʺϻ⣡ʺ˵⹬л˵㣬Ůʺʻϵ˼أɻϾˡ
⼸仰˵Ư˵⹬лֲʺػϡʺ̲סĭۡ
£˫ؿŻʺ󣺡Ŷ˵˵ǵ⣬޸ǲꡣ
˵⣬Ȼһ˰ﳯ͢⣬γ飿Щӣֻ֪Ҫӣʱųʵ⣿

2121

˵˵ɡʺϷ޶ֻ꣬һ۱֪ȤǰЩӻϱԹ˵͢ӵĵط࣬˰һֱϣ벻껹֪ιء
ĭû뵽ôϣҲʡһۣŽʺĿڴϻϵߣ˭֪ϾͻȻã΢΢ʩһЦ洺磺Ůȸϵϲˡ
һͷˮʺϲ֮УĭʺһЩΪѵʺû𣿡
ʲôϸɻˣתʺѵʺʲô
ʺһ죬Ƴۿĭֵǹزסֻ͡ðѻе˵ˣĩ˻˵·ݻСв׼Щơ
һϲⲽ˼ȦϵЦԱжˣҪжˡŻʺмһ
˹¸ߺϲ֮ʡմã˶͡ĭͽӵķȻٲˣġĭƽƥΡӳЩһӡ
ĭϲãû˵ӯ֮¡
ϱ⣬ʺУýɽˡҪͼΣʮýɽõĴúɽڶӣҲûӦĭ󣺡޿ʵĺܣ·䣬߿Ҫ߲㡣
ĭ״ƿ˲Ϣ򣬵ͷӦŮͬ⣬ϣһԾŶ
Ӧ̫죬ûִĭԭʹ߿ѳٷҲˡ
ϻĭ뿪ĭ˳һֳһַСŮͦŶӻ뿪
ĭ뿪ϷŻʺСϣ̾˵ҸŮ޵ĸǣ˽˰⣬ŮҶԸ档пܣʺ޶շһЩҲȫһƬ갮֮ġ
ʺвӦ˵ҶϼҶռĭĸƲ֮¡
ʺĸĻϲܰæͰæۣް棬š
˻ĭ޽Ϊıȡ˽أȴ֪ĭıãҪûظĸĶĭصƫ˵˺ͻϺ£̺˳ֻĳ߷֡
Ӽĭȥḁ̃һһ˵һõİɣϵıôռ
ⲻýۻۣĭǰӦˡ
ջ֣Ӻܺáӽˣǲزסģú˿Ȼ֪㻵УȨҲ⣬ĺӸΣ
ị̆һ沦Ūһ˵ĭлᡣĭӣһںӳǰֻҪҲصĺãӣΪҺҼУ뵽Ҳ˺ӡ
㵹Ŀѧءһǣֽܾס𣬺ӵأһ⺢
һ£δĭ˵ӣӶĭɡ
峿ʣΪ¹ѩԵʣ͸Щʪ󣬽ɫͷӶӳ˼ϼ
ͣھǰƿһ˿֯㷢ɲ٣ڲҡ˵Ǵ󷽵壬ٿһɫۣīϽڸ߸»鲻緢һˡ
ӵ߽
Ҷٸڻͥţﱧ˸ů¯Ҳδ˾䣺»ϲ
ʩһЦһҸүá
Ҷٸͷ˵˼ãŹݺѱ̼¯ԵůͲ١ҶٸҲ˿Χ¯£ǸǸһ붬Ҿ;䣬ÿ
ͼֲˣᣬ͵СӲã벻˻¯ӡ
үԼͺáЦЦүûܲμүĻʵϧ˵׽֮ˣүġɲΪһЩ˸ҡ
Ҷٸһǯӣ̿Ů˿ºԼЦ⣬˵Ļȴȵӻʱô֪ѵǼ۶ӣ
װ¶޹һ˲˲ؿҶٸҶٸ治ףֳݿȥҲǣүôῴˡΪһŮүˡı²ȴĳ˵θڡ
ؿ񣺡ˣĹϵһŮ˿ƻġԣȫĮҶٸĴڡ
ҶٸһԲһ¶ַ֣СԸͰˮ˵¯һ̿
ַ㶯ܿ죬ƬһͰˮŵҶٸָλá
ҶٸƳһͰˮðźմˮ̵ЦЦгһ̿Ϣŵȹϡ
Ӻ飬ᣬü΢壺ʲôζ·պˡ
ȹȼҶٸȻ軵ϱ鵭ȻھѽãȹŻˡ
һԵַǳ˳飺ү⻰źüٰ

2222

һæͷĴһ£Ȼȹڴ̼ẓ́ȹϻС磬ŵҽУŻŻˣҡ
ҶٸȻӣңСİ̿Ūȹˣģ㼸׼ϵĺÿٱһתҴҵַ㣬ûŻˣϽˮȻ𰡡
ַǸģ˿ĻԼү˼ˮͰȹȥˮͰһ飬óȥˮı˷
ݳʧ񣬳Żĵط˼£һһοţû£˸ûŻ𡣡˵һͰˮùƫн͹ͷϣ̳̹ǵĺ˲ϯȫղŻһ໥˿̳ëķˣҪǱжǱ
ҶٸסЦ⣬бַһַۣ׼ͷ̫ˣȥ
ַԹҶٸԲүֻˣȥûӰˣҪڻҶٸ뷨Ǵˡ
ǼүΪ˱أúүء
ַףҲɵȻ˦ͷϵıˮĮصҶٸΪһŮҪҷĿ
⻰ʲô˼Һǡң㻹ҵĺֵ𣿡Ҷٸ
ֵܣ䳰ԴֵܵģҺŰݷãջˮǺֵܣִ⻤ǸŮˣǸŮʲôã
Ҷٸߵߣֵϵˮ飺Ȼ㶼ˣҲֱ˵벻֪һԼŮ˶ˣͲˡԼֽŵȢңҵ檣ǻɣǱҪҵˣƲǿҡȻңֺαšѽͿ͡
ݺһûһˣ§뿪ߵſҶٸ˵Ȱһ䣬ˣ´̿˵ϡ
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УǸӲĭٻغӦҸᣬ¸߾Ծĭ̶ȣǲ˵ĺӰɡ
ͷһҶٸı㣬Ҷٸæϴ޹ɫȴδüջƵĿ⣬Ҷٸս۵ס
Ҷٸ˴ȥů˽ȥůˣ뿪ȥͷˡҶٸ⣬ûС
ܿŽʣү£
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һϺѾӦˣ߿ʵش
Ҷٸͷ鷿ⲽͻȻʲôתߣ߱˵ûһˣ鲻ǽȥ
Ҷٸ︹̣ƽʱýǻټΪڿúܣҲ»ᷳ
˸ߵţܼҳɫţҶٸһϲǰ񣺡үϸȥһˡ
Ҷٸû֪ͣˣҪ²ȥˡ㱸ЩƷ͵ȥĸǣ˵ټȥˡ
֪ҶٸΪѡүΪ˶Ů˽顣үˡ
Ҷٸܼ׼һѶһܼ͵Ϸ֪Ҷٸû÷һͨƢָžĹܼһ٣˵Ҷٸ壬ΪһŮֵܷĿĭǸ꾫ġ
ҶٸҪ檣ӻش֪ϷҶٸˣӻشǣ̬ȹܵһ˿Խ˳ϷԽӺ𣺡ҡҲͱĸ¸İݷˣ͵ģЩǹ˼ҵںεأ
һү٣ū澵Ĳô̽Щūһ£˸ڴ뿪
Ϸ˾޹⣬ַһͨƢæչҲҶٸ鷳
ʱҶٸִɫӣ鷿϶ģۼҪʤˣ̾ϵԽˡ
۹̧֣һҶٸӮ²Ķ֡һӣʤһӡ
Ҷٸһϵӣֿװ¨һϣи֮롣
ʺ豭һڣЦ˵˵²޾֪Ϊ塣
ӣҶٸһֹģһʱ֪˵û˵ڣˬһЦζ˫ҶٸӲСҲȤ޿ˡ
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ϼҶٸɫ԰ףʵʣôˣӲҪҪ̫ҽơ
ҶٸסؿڣҡͷãëԵġ
ĭϿϣʲôͬʱﰵĭû³ôÿʲôˣظԽɫԽ԰ף伱ˡ
ϼβԣæ͵޿ΪҪӣ뵽ȥˣ޻ܿһиʼѪɣ
Ҷٸ⻰ˣðûӦϣ˵ˣͷᣬ˵ˡ
ĭˣеҶٸ˿̼ϲãһ飬ȻȻӿͷҶٸҪкˣ
һ˸ʲôӻ֣ʲôϵ
Ҷٸ˵Ȼйϵĭ֣ûκιϵ⻰˵һ˵Ӿͳ˼ӣָָ㣬һ̧ͷ
׸ô죬ҶٸһԼβĸܵ˺
ϺȻʲôɿҶٸ˱˵ˣ㻹Ϊ檣ƽ׶һӡ˵ҲǺ£̫ûԼĺӣиТ˳Ҳá⻰ǴȤϡ
Ҷٸһ֣ˣˣʰ·磬壬ӲʣȻȥˡ
֪ӲãȥǷ̫ҽҶٸ˵ã̫䣬ȥЪһӾͺˡ
Ҷٸ˹ܼӭ˵Ҷٸ⣬˾֪ˣͷ棺棬ң
ҶٸȻ⻰ЩɻҡͷһԿү·ϣҶٸһֱ˵һ仰׼Ҷٸ֪Щʲôйϵѽ
Ҷٸͣ½Ųһ˲˲ض棺ٺú롣̧鷿ȥŲصزڵϣȻЩ
ܼͬؿ棬ú룬ү岻ãҪүҡͷ̾Ϣȥ
˺һҶٸıӰ̧ȥֱ鷿ҲûкҶٸֻܵϥأޱүʾ
벻ǲԸ˵ҶٸߵǰӸµؿСңʴֵܲΪҪң
үʲôˣ̧ͷ峺Щɻ
ˡҶٸһ֪޶ۣ˵סĵı꣬ҧгѵ
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ҶٸЦˣܶʱŭ仰ɢˣڰ֣ȥϢɣȥ
ҹĻǰҶٸδűס뵽ϵ£ҶٸԸԹݣùܼҽݴߡ
ݱŭûΪûҶٸ˵ʲôҲԸ뿪ܼ˷ֻ࣬һ仰ҪǼݣȥ
ҶٸֻܳݼҶٸյúͮͮСڴ˵Ժأֱĸ߶ãһ
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ǹܿĵĸ߬ŹܿδֺùܿùܿӦֺԶԹܿ絭˼֣ܿݣм
ʲôֱ˵ɡһϲĨǡҶٸֱӿڣ˽Ķ񣬿Լ
ٴԹҶٸԣеʧ֣ҶٸһɤɳƵ㶯飬𣿡
ģ£ˡҲ㡣Ҷٸת뿪
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ĭ½ӵģŶһҩС̫࣬Ͼߡ䣬ѹɤ
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Ҷٸջ֣ųȥ㻹Уչ˺ԼĪҪ¡δŴ뿪
ԶԶһ۾뿪ǿȴƲסԼģ鲻Խ뿴һۡȷѻУӦȥס
뿪һ˲ĭƺŵһҩ㣬ŨȴʮֺţŹ
ĭ˻û𡣡ٴοѯʡ
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һ뽪ү뽪РɡûҶٸΪȥãֻǰѽݵҶٸС
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洽ǳ˳飬룬˵Щ񡣡
Ҷٸˣ˵Ϊ˷ˣҪ塣תȥûҶٸ˵ĻᡣҶٸ˾䵨ӷˣһ溰档
ԶԶӦһҽʲô£ҶٸܷԸҶٸլǱߵ¡ŽѾڵլ͵쿪Ϸˡ
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ǮɻˣҪǲѽϴ꣬Է
˵ҵôô࣬˸ׯҺǸǮģټ޵Ҳ̻ģΪ˭֪ǿָһծҾǸ˵ﲻõһ˵ծģһ˵Լ࣬һ˸ɻƣ֮ûһû
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ʱһŭˣǺˣһףû꣬Ҳ÷Ͻȥὣ
䰲˼Ϣ֮ǰĸ˵ھ;ҷԺָ𣬹ȻﲻõཫûйͻпͣҵġǶĵ˵ˣϣҪǲǲТңңȥŸ㡣˵ӿ
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ʯͷ޷뿴ڵʲô˼ңǽǽϣԺӲ󣬱ǼС
˿ʱǸ˴ͿʼƺˣûԺԺֻŮӣǰ裬ϴ·
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ʯͷǽϿһͣһӵߣСﳯ߿ʯͷЦЦ˵ҽʯͷסǸڡ
𽣳ʯͷ𣿡
û£Ǻ棬㿴ʯͷ˵Ǹ˵ĸ˳ţ˭˭˵
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Ǹøʯͷƨɣ˳ȥſǽͷڿȥǸ˱ֿʼˣʱ˵￴ͦģ粻óԷ
ʯͷ̲ס˵Ҫλ㣬λӣˡСȴҲ֪ԺǺõطλȥˣֻ»ҡ
˻ͷʯͷ¶ͷ΢ЦؿЩ΢ʣС
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һС𣿡˫̧ͷͦؿʯͷʡ
ʯͷһԵһ£ʡ˳ӵ

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ʯͷȥ裬ϣ¸ڵС̫˵͸Ǹ񶾵ĸˣԺȥְ˵ޱȡ
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ĭӵţ֪ʯͷ̾Ϣһʯͷһֲʯͷѹ
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ĭլ˵ˣ˵°ɣ⣬˵ĵط࣬ڿʼǵǻ㡣
ĭ룬ý˵öԣ̻šհŷãֵ𣿡
Եһ¡ĭȥţֽ
ܣ˵⡣
ԭʺ岻ʣ־ĭиһһա۾ʹôţ̫ҽ̫ҽѾȷϣﻳˣ˵ʺӹǺܺãҲްĭȥˣѳŵ֡
ĭ֪ʺ岻ǽڣ̫ҽȷǷ滳ˡʺŵԣĭȻˣ˵˼еĻӼ䣬
ʺ˿ֱ˵Լ뷨ϸһˣĭڹźͿ๦ߣΪĭĸϷӦõõ͡
ĭףʺҪ˻ôңȻܾٲǧлŹȥϷ
мվҪˣŵƽʣ͸ϢϷ˶ϣһµͷϴĨиСѾߴűӹú̹
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Ϸһ⻰͵վǸ̫࣬ŵվҲҲǣ˸ת
Ǹģ˼ŵСԴˣͲ˵Ϸȥˡ
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Ҷ֪ʺټֲ̿ļż˷ܣԵ޹ʻʺΪټ
֪ĭڹУѵĭѾͷһϿˣӦĭǷ£Ҿ̫ƽԽԽ˷ܡ
ϷûжĿһϰͣ˴ױ̫Ϸ˲̧ͷĴΨֳͷ̫󡣰ʱ
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ϷŵɫҰףƨ뿪ӹڵϣͷģˡ˵ĵĻȴĭùѪͷҳ󲻿Ϊ˵ʺ

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ȻñΪǼҺãݱԼ䡣ʺͣٺЦӽϷˣιƽ£Ҷܲãι˵ƽˣϷ˵ǲǣ
Ϸ˵ʲôͷϻʺѵǣȥһԼӶϱǺΪ
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뵽ĭھӣ¡轫һһʮ˵ˡ
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2727

ĭ˫̥һӣøڵĶϲ񣬵ǩ뿪
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ĭ֪һṦһҩܾ͸Ź죬ЩҪģֻҪǲңһúôǡȻҵˣܲٽдѾѾҿͤͤˮܽأܽأýɰɡ
л˴ÿͷл
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ӵȻܸоûж⡣ȹ۲һӣжģ˾ǡ
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˼һǵĿҲ֪ܽغɲϼˣѷǵУڰ㡣
Щһֱ⣬˭أĭüͷ
ҶٸڴϱԼˣմӹл˷纮⼸տԽˡ
վڲԶֵǣˣлɣȥ˱Ŀģղ·һȥϣܴеǡ
Ҷٸڰ֣֪ˡȿȿȿȡ
үû¶ɣҪ̫ҽվûС
Ҷٸҡͷ˵ȥһˣ˵ҲأڼϷţҲš
¼ȥ󣬹Ϸ˼Ҷٸ룬Ҷٸһ͡ҶٸԸ볤ͻܶ㣬ɶ˳һ㲻ʮ塣
ӦһҶٸ˵ǱˣʺĭҪظĸĶҵССϱǼ̱֮ˣǵĿⷿ˵͸
ڳʱûжۡصѶóĭĹεİǡҪ˵ҳҴ󷿣ǲҪġ
Ҷٸһʱܼ߽˵ϷˣҪү
Ѿ߹ϷүˣҪɹϷ˲һ豭ǼƣҪүǲߡ
ҶٸԼ¡һǰԺůûݾϷ˳ȺūţΪˣ͹ܲǣҶٸǻСӳĸˣҲΪԼүͿ԰ڳˣ
ĸϢŭȿȿȡҶٸ߽ů󣬽⿪ݸ棺ūǲѣֶӲʣҹżз纮ҪһڴЪϢءֿԼŹϷ¡
ϷһһΪ㲻Ҫĸء
ֶҡҶٸƣؿϣ˫΢գ֪ʲô
Ҿ⸱ӣܾܲ㣬ǿҲУ㿴˭ԸףܰɥһϷ̲ס
⸱ӣǲҹˡҶٸź
㡭Ϸ˺ɸ֣˺һʣΪ檣ǲȢˣ
ҲȢ˭Ը޸ңҶٸʡ
ϼһϲ㣬ΪβȢϷ벻סϼǻʼˣ飬޸ҶٸҲŵԣͲֶΪβԸ⡣
Ҷٸ˵ԼԸ⣬ֻ˵ϲԸ⡣
ϷһϲԸ⣬Ҳ²⵽һЩԭ򣬲˵ϼ£ʣΪθѿ
Ҷٸۣüܻȥû˵𣿡ͣһֵܵĹϵֻǸЦǵԣʲô˵⻹ҵľڱضҲ޼ɵǻᶪ棬ҪΪȫ¾
յ׷˺£Ϸʣȥ˷纮æǰæҲûϸϸ˵ΪҶٸˣѵһ١
˵ΪһŮ϶ҲȥμǵĻ磬ΪӲʣܵĹϵ޹أҪ˵֮ʲôûУôһ˵϶ˡҶٸбۿϷˣ뵽ʲôƵĸǼˣɲܱϱסˡҲ֪ǹ˸ף⿴˲ܿ档˻Żĸıı䣬һ˽ģͻ-ĻҲ˵֮ĲޣϵɣԺºڡ
Щ²˵ƻãһ˵ƣͻ˸档ϷҲ£ܿ˵ǰˡ䲻ȴǱʱ飬ѵģ˿񣬴Ӿаء
Ҷٸ߹Ϸˣ˵ԼˣЪᣬûҪ鲻Ҫųȥ˯ˡů̿ţ¯ȼѬ㣬
һƬûһ˿ալȴ֣ڶ
мվҪˣ׼õĶĭ׼ЩƷݸĸޡѼ˲٣Իһͷ¹
ĭվ£ԺɱܽأЦ˵⵶ƽʱûɣ
ſڣ⡰ȥ˼ҵŮвĵ
ʯͷܽԣѼëܽõַȭŹ̲סʣܽؽṦ򣬸ҿ£ҲѧУ
ܽûʯͷ˵أʯͷ˵¸ˣҵĹѧҸ磬Ҹ
Ҳ˵ַһ˽ҪǸТȥھָѺڡ
ʯͷһַѼӣֵھȥʵڵȲˡտַԺѧֻˣŲԸȡ
ЦˣϴɾŵһʰЩҴȥɣԸԸ㣬Ϳ͸ˡ
ãллɽ㡣ʯͷϲ˲֣תԺȥ
ɺסȥӦó
ʯͷٺЦǽӣʡʱ䡣һ仰ǵԺ˶ЦˣжļѽԸߴˡ
ʯͷߣ·㷭ǽСǶ㡣
ʯͷɵļĸ£ȥţſվһˣʯͷˣϸֳЦ⣬磿

2828

ԶԺŵʯͷ֪ԼûҴţ̧ʯͷͷҲʵˣ
ʯͷסԶ䣬Ц磬ˡĭԺ½ʰĶءôŻǶüˡקߡ
ɹţԶʯͷ
Զһһ˵£˼졣Ҳڵӣǿ鷳ĭǸϲǵģʣҲһ˵
ʯͷƤ˲佫լԸ룬ѵĭĭΪ檣ʺĭͽβϼ˷ŻׯӣȥϢ˵ˡ
ԶĿ࣬ʯͷţѾ߽Ժĭվ£ۿͨ죬Щᡣ뵽ջĭģסһĭˡ
ĭԶϲ񣬷Ŷӳ磬ˡ
ԶſĭͦŶӣæܹȥۿˮתĭ㣬кˣȻš̫û˺ӣǾĺ룬ĹΡ
ĭԶ֣磬Ҫ˾ˣ𣿡
Զǿˮˣ˭ˡЪšĭݡ
ĭúЦӯӯԶ磬ˣǲԺʳã
Զֱֱؿĭĭίˣ磬ܡҪ֪ˣָأ˵ӷĹ
ĭ֪ʯͷԿʲô¶˵ˡЦЦ磬û£Լĺӣ㽫ˣԺҲӦΪҸˡ
˼̫оĲӣǶúԶڲԣݺݵЩĹεĶ˵Ķ˿㣬һⱨӦ
ĭ⻰ЦˣǫǫӣӲˣһңɼˣⲻǺúõأãվȥңĶռùˣǸûˡʺѾôĸˣΪ˶;游ĸԸҲԸ⡣
ھȥѶҪԶߡ
ĭסԶ磬ȥԹȥͣһ£Ŷ˵ֻίһȥˣ˲֪УҲ֪Ҳ˳档
Զ룬ͷӦĭ£ɻĭ˵ʯͷ˵ˣûҪˡ
衢¡ѩ֪Զȥ׼緹緹ԶϢĭ˵һȥҡ
ʯͷȥ˸Ժӡսţͱܽغɵļĸסˡסʯͷȥ·Сʲô
ʯͷ̧ͷһۣĵ͹ŮһӸҡ
Ƕˣסɰ˺󼸲ڨڨǮ˻ĵ
ɵһۣʯͷߵԺУַһ䣺磬һˣ
ַ𽣣һۣģһ£˵ɣܰæһ
ʯͷ˵⣬ѧʦѧա
ַʯͷŽ°˵ҿܸ˰ɣڹߣٽһЩ꣬ڽҲһˡ
ʯͷԣмһߴַȥˣЩȲˣŵַ㣬ǰʦˣɻ
ǰʦˣæ䣬ʱҸɻַ§ʯͷļ̾ҿСҲ壬ãҾͰһѡ
ַɻȥʯͷȥ˾ȥ·ϣַסʯͷ۾˸
ʯͷԹַˡܽغɽ㣬ַ㲻ܰô
ԼĪʱַǣʯͷҶٸ鷿ţҿʯͷϵĺڲȥɣ档
ʯͷ۾￴ȥˣһŵûһ齩ԭء
ɡҶٸһ飬ſڿ
ɤͳɳƸдԣʯͷѰȥֻߵϣһˣÿŮ˶ÿ֪ôݣûС
ʲôҶٸȭͷִȼ
ʯͷŴؽڲԶ峺ĿмŻɣ壬ܽ
Ҷٸɵɵģüͷ΢˵˵⣿
ѧ򡣡ʯͷ̹ڵϣ˽ҡ
Ϊѧ򣿡Ҷٸϣʡ
ĭ㡣ʯͷֱ̬ȳϿҡ
Ҷٸרע飬ˡʯͷ˫ϥأһӹȥˣ̧ͷҶٸȻ顣룺Ǹ˶Ŀ飿
ʱȥˣʯͷ˫ȷ飬֮Ȼ飬̲סѯʣʦ
ҶٸЦˣ㵹ǹԾûӦͿʼʦˣˣССͣ־ԺÿնҪ裬״򲻶ɼˣ
סˡʯͷϥǡ
Ҷٸ״ЦЦ˷ʱ䣬ҲԸߡ
лĸףʯͷԴӦ˵ȥһ
ѶϣȥɡҶٸڰ֡
ĭû뵽ʯͷһʦ򵥡ʯͷúϧʧʧʯͷϲÿ飬ѧӦòǳʯͷҼ깦򣬵ѧɣТ
ʼܽغɵݣĭĲ١
ò⣬ɷȥΪĸ˴δֿ
ĭȰʯͷ
ҡͷû뿪ңӦ˵ѧܼʯͷֲô죿
˵˵ȥ᲻úܿ࣬ĭ⣬ȴͬԼѡ·ҲҪȥ
ʯͷ⻰æͷŽӵĸ첲ͬɣҲ¿࣬ٿҲȥҳˣһҪĭ㡣
Ҳ˵ѧѧɣѧһĻءܽҲ˵Ȼ࣬ϲ˵ȴȤѩºҲ˵ѵϲѧɡ
ŴӦˡʯͷֻˣһֱ֤úѧҡ
ôĭʱˣͷҪɽˣԶȥδ飬ĵġ
ܽߵſڣˣһṦ򣬲ȥɡ
Ҹһȥ顣
ʯͷҲҪšĭ֪Ҳʡ£øԼȥˣܽɣǿȥأʲô£ʯͷҡ
ܽءɺʯͷӦųšߵſڣȥ˸ڣ˵ַ˵һŷЩʯͷϾǸʮĺӣֳַָмҲûʹӦˡ
ĭĲԶȥңҲûĨǣ밲ֱ˵⡣
Ϸ˺˸ɫ˵̫ү嶼ڼңǻһ
Զ֪в˳ӵһʱ
һʱ󣬲̫үˣҲϣԶҪҴ󷿵ĶָԶТ游ĸڣûضǺ˼Ҫּһǳ壿ּף򵥡
Զʶ游ĸû黹뽫ϳң塣Զη壬ҪûظĸĶǼƴơ
̫үָԶײ治ТҪüҷͳСˣסԶ䰴ڳϣҪԶӡ

2929

ܽشʯͷʱԶѾʮӣҿ촩£ʮȥûѪ
ʯͷԶ˰ŴܹȥײӵС˹׼Ǵ磬Ƕǻˡ
ܽߵԶԣ²鿴ƣʣӣû°ɣ
Զͷ϶Ǻۣû¡ǽңҲҪûصĶ
ܽɨˣǾү˵ĶϷϣϷΪʲôˣʹˣҲˣҪҪūһΡ
Ϸ˲ʺĻүӣɫҲűˡڳ˸˾үһұɫ֪л飬㲻Ըҵ¡
ңǲٺôҲûἰϷ˽£˲Żҡ¹ػʼңǲҲͣ׷׸ǣƬֻ̹ʣˡ
үҧҧ˭˵ǲˡԶײ治ТϷüҷδ֮УʺˣϷȻԼû
ҼҹΪζײʹʹˣТ˳֮ˣײ֮˵ɿڵҼҷ۹ӣ֪ڻʺǰ˵ĻҶүĹǵͷˡ
û벻ֻණûˣ뻹ҲòţҪĭˣȿһ˵ʱӲٶ˵ԶɻҪӣһŮӲףֳĶǷҺãһЩ򷢳ȥǡĭҪң᲻ͬ⡣
˭֪˾ԶԶȻǸƢִ֣ӲԡǽסŻŻóҲʡһʡ
˭֪ѾͷͷСʺĵǻʺʹ͵ˣĭǼѾͷûʺأû׼λǹġ
Ъռ˵뷨˵黹ЩûѲ٣㣿
ԶЦˣǰдһӣҵĶҲ˵ļױҵĶ͹áЩǻ͵ģЩ͵ġ׿ᰮֻ黭ǧ鷿ﱾ֪࣬ʱһǶһǣһŶһҡ
ţָԶ˵ǳ͢٣һš
ԶһȳһߵǰЦЦƷķֱٺʮӣȥūͳȺ𣿡
ҵļױأ
ԶЦļױˣĭķںһ꣬ĭļױʣ޼ļױµĽ𼦣ǽɽɽ
ҭ˵ĽɩӵļױЩ꣬ûٵڴ󷿵ĶԶͻȻҪеӣʲôҪ˵ʺ󣬾ԶҲǸѲĽɫЩ꣬СúŪڲúŪˡ
ǲǲھȥ˵˵þ˶ҶүΰռֶŮֶӵĲƲģԶתߡ
үӺסҰѶ㡣Ҫȥ˵СԺûˡ
Զû˸ĸĶүӾ»ʺΪСӵ;ϴ޵ĶȫԶĭûеĶ͵ТǶˡ
ԶصլʱѾǶˡ
ҲҿɴϻۣҸַæҲַ֪ˣһʮˣǱδ󺺣ıĿ̧̧
һʱһ㣬򸮰ˡԺʹã˵ⶫǼҵģǶҲǼҵģܰߡ
Ⱥ³çĺӸŻɥһͰǼˡϣҳһţ
ĭںЩ֪Զ˰ӣæҴҩʯͷԶҩ
Զſڴϣʯͷҩ۵죬ͷʯͷۣۡ
ĭңۣһ磬ҪͲҪʲô˵˵ȦˣЩʡ
ĺݣҵճĸĸƫƫĺá
Ƥ˲¡ǼҵĶѾûˣҲͷˡûضԶһ
û˸ĸĶĭԶò
ĭҵӣԾǺ֮ˣ˳ңԶˣҲȥ˹ȥ˵һ
˺ĭãԸǣǲ˵⡣
ĭΪƽƽκβ˭֪յһдСϼ
֪ϼˣĭշת࣬һߣܽسȥ̽Ϣ
ܽػ˵ϼȷʵˡŮ˻ϣϼؾ꣬Ԫߡ
ĭϼϼӣŹڲڹϼҪŵġ

Ҷٸϣһ顣ԵСϷһֻ룬ð̣ŨصҩζֱꡣҶٸüһҩߣģҩ
һۣĲûã˵ˣҩһֺȡҩݸҶٸһ㲻Ҳߵӡ
ҶٸΣӹ룬һϣüͷ壺ҩ࣬˭ģ
治ޱҩڲ
Ҷٸһһָſڣȥתȥ߼Ҷٸ˵
תһϴӡҶٸһۣϼж
Ҷٸû뵽ϼܻһ¾Ҷٸûϼ˸Ÿ
Űݷ÷ˡʵش
˻𣿡Ҷٸʡ
ҡͷ²֪˻УΪ˰ȫӦòϼ
ȥɣַúñˣаʧͷҶٸ˼֡
һ̲ҵҵַ㣬˵Ҷٸ
ַ֪ԣլ˰˶լ˲ɱۡ
ĭԤϵϼţû뵽ϼôżһˡ
Զ˵ϼˣףĭĪҪţȥϼ
ڣϼϼĭܽصǷأҳ𣿡
֪ܽϼƢЦЦ˵ҼҷҪ뿪ˣԸʰأһʱʧ֮뿤ԭ¡ϼĭ檡
Ȼϼ⻰ɫͼ֣ƺЩţ˵Ŀģ
ܽҪ˵Զ߽ϼҲϼڣʦ𣿡
ϼԶֵϼϲүȥլ⣿˭ΪǾ£ûκιϵҲܱ񣬵ҿԿ϶ظ㣬檡
ϼ֮ǰ׼˵ǣƻգĭͷû뵽Զ׼檣Ҳãʡһࡣ
סǽĻ򡭡ϼ⻰뿪
ĭҲû뵽ô򵥾Ͱϼˡ
չ۵ԪҹʯͷȥƣĭȥɼѾͷĭȥ˵ѵлȥ˺ǣȥҲˡ
ԶҲĭȥɢɢҲá
˵߶Ҳ࿴Ҳ
ĭЦãӦʯͷһȥ
ʮ֮ҹŴ󿪣ʯ°⸡֣ʯȺӿֱ߻յյ輧Ǵû֦չɡ
ĭɫ˫ָŶӣ鲽ضܽأɣºͶѩΧס˿
ʯͷǰˣǸС̯ϵߺÿһɮ߷ϣ˿⣬һźߣо⣬˼۸񣬸ͭ壬ۻĭһĭ㣬ԣɺˡ
ĭӹ߿˼ۣɮߣŲЦӯӯϡ֪¥ϿЦݾ۵סҶٸĭɮߣȥһһģʱ߻
Ҷٸ߳¥ĭ
һߣһĻУͷϼǸŰ¡ɮߵˣǲǾү
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Σˡϼһ֪ŴµŮӡ
һĪŭؿڴȼգϼҲû¥к
ϼıӰԵѾ֡
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Ѿͷųһۣҧȥ
ĭߣֳƣ߱߿оЦ⡣⻨ʯͷµӮģҪѾͷҲúÿĭ·䡣
һ·һ·֪ţĭиźܳŴҸطЪЪŰɡ
ʯͷ飬Ѿܵм䣬ͷĭ֣ȥǰҡ͸ӰȺУܿ첻Ӱ
ĭҡͷЦЦ⺢Խˡ
ͻȻȺиߺһҵĺɰˣץѽδ䣬Ⱥ궯
Ҷٸβԣ̧ǰ棬ֻϼ˳ĭһףҪĭء
ǰĭǰ棬̧߿һˡ
ɣºͶѩ˼һߣɫĭġ
ĭûŪŶ˵űߣЩˣǱ߽Ǳܽشڵء
ĭԷɣ׼ʱһݣϤ־ԶɤĭУȥɡ
оһᣬȥ

3030

ĭڳûҪץʲôҲûץס
Ҷٸ߿һˣͷĭ£Ҳû룬ȥ
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ȫˡҶٸȻɿĭ漴Լ
ĭӣڻָƽԹеʣû°ɡ
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Ҷٸ䣬ŻųҶٸû²һүµ˶ץסˣλŵһˣ¸ˡ⻰ûĭ
ĭ⻰뵽֪ĺӡ
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ʣˡȻҶʶл˵˵¡Ҷٸ棬ʾ˴
ӦһתȥܽغɿһҶٸĭϡ
ºͶѩĭû£ŻʵˣˣԺɲٳˡҿû£ȻǵƤ
ʱͽǧÿĭ˭ֱ֪Թ䡣
ĭҶٸܾЩ죬ȴ벻
ʱһ߹廨Уʹ棺֪˭𣬾ȻץңȰϽſңȻԲ˶ߡ
ҶٸԶԶϼݱ¶æܽغʹ˸ɫֶʯͷȻʯͷļˣû²ܵĵȻȥ½ҴΣһһ
ܽغҲȰĭȥϽýӰѰ˰ġѩҲеȰ˵ĭϽȥ
ĭֹ˵͹ٸȴҲʵɡ
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лƹӡĭʩһ񣬴¡ѩܽغ뿪ʯͷæ
Ҷٸĭ
ĭ˻صլѾǶԺˣѵſڣĭĽӻˣһϲӭ˵ɻˣʺüˡҲϰµģ㣬̲סġ
뿪ڣĭƿţȥ˵
ĭصԺУԶͽӶˡŽ˵ˡ
ԶδӸĭȷϴ˺Ӷŷġ
ĭջ֣ҿƹӣҲʯͷʦΪתƻ⣬ԶͽӵģȻȻתҶٸϡʲôٷ磬ʲף书ǿŸ߰˶֮Ĵʶĭˡ
ˣ¶οЦݣʯͷʦϣʯͷѧ֡
Զ֪ĭתƻ⣬վһԾţˣѾͷͽӻȥϢ
֪Զл˵Žӣܽؼ˳ȥ
ʣĭԶʱԶѯʣҪˣ֪˭
ĭ˵磬ɻǵĭǰ˵ΣиˤҵĺӣڽǸ¸ӣˮ֪Уºү֪Ϊ˺ãүòһȥɱҼӣΪԾ󻼰ɡ
Զ°ͣһˣһȺءҲŻɣôˡ˵ײ㡣һ˰ײ
ʱû룬뵽ˡ;ú¡ɵʱݲĭ£һ£Ⱥңпܱ˵ӣûˣһĿһأ
Ӧ˭ˣԶʡ
ĭ˼ȥϼпܣѾ˵úˡҲ檣ɾִأ
ԶݺݵǸӣǸӣһٲɣĭûˣҲֻϼ
ӣĭ뵽ʣɫ԰ףˣ뾰ʲôϵһãĭҲˣԶȥϢ
ҹĭ˯üȣһμӱˤˣһμ˹ײĶӣһμˮ龰תתȥͷ󺹺
¡ѩܽأɼ輸Χڴߣһֱĭѣһĭˣ͵ۣ輸Χڴߣ˿ôˣ
جˡǱŵˡ
ɼĭˣ˵һȥҽӣ˿ЩҩѾ߳ȥˡ
ºͶѩȥˮܽغźĭ˵˼ο
ɽˣʯͷˣˡǺһû˯ȥ˯ˡ·иѾͷкӣǺӵȺ׽˵ˣϼͨƤġƹѾ˴ˡ
ĭһ²һ޶ͷ֪ˣһʯͷЩóԵġ
ƹǺˣһϾͲˡ
ҶٸеĿڹ˺һڹϣϼ¸ãܺáߵԣֵǱãǾҡǳıӵ
΢ʣү˵ʲô˻ĺӣ
֪ү˷һҹǺҲһүİɣпܡ˿̰ԼͿ
Ƕʱ䣬һֱүںУүĺӣ˭ġҪСүˣųЦݣɵɵġ
ҶٸɵЦʲôأ
үҪӭСүˡԽԽ˷ܣ뱼档˶֪
֪ǺĲʱδ룬Уһ֪⺢ǱģӾǼӡҶٸЦкȴϲáļӣԹĭŮˣʱûҩĺǼӡ
Ҷٸɫѿ²Թˣ˵˵ȥǺүĲǣϲΪҪȢȢΪβϧ
Ҷٸ̧߹ȥƨɣññӣ
ҪҲǺү˵˴δʵ
Ҷٸؿڷۣϣȥַ
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ү˵ˣϳ͡ҪϳͣҪһЩɫƣҺǵСүЩۣ˻ү۸ءַ㼫ת⡣үñӵ¡
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ַҲܴ²Ҷٸ˼үɱӣúΪãүҪʰ
ֲɾ˵Ǳ֪¸Ǹĺݶ˻ΣһϷˡҶٸһ飬ЦȻǳá
ˣȻ鷳ү˹ϷˡַҲǿֲ´ȥˡ
լ⼸պܰﲻ߻ĭ̼Ѿ֣ºͶѩһ־ͷۣ˵ʲôҲԸѧܽغɣţ̸У飬ʶ֡
ĭָ⼸ѾͷأôºͶѩи˵Ǳ־Ĭд͸ӣһǵѧˣǵﵱƹ
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³Ĺϼ·Ҳ֪ôģϼ·ʱ³СӣСӱͶϼ⣬Ҫ𣬻˵ԼϼͲˡ
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ӵҶٸƺõġй¶ȥɱڣúȥ˵˶ϡ
ӸҺˣǸҪˣвĺ¸סλʱϾմѪȻӣ㲻ҲûϵҸѺһҷúȥǻ˿һҵ컯
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ӱͲͬˣ񻹱ܲޡҶٸϺʱʲô˵ˣҩ¡
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һʱ֪ˣ䣬ĺһ
ĭ˶õ˳ͷԶҲ֪ˡ۸õˣңء
һδ࣬øϵׯϣ׾ͺ룬˳Ц
һǾҪΪ檣öΣ֮УɥԶԴӻصһ٣һȨƣ붯;ȵ컹ѣԶ⼸Ʋ֣üչ
ʯͷԶסǰԺȻԶ鲻ԭ
Զʯͷһμˣѹʯͷ£Ըæ
ĸӵԶþȵģʯͷȻƴǣظ¾ܷԸʯͷܰ쵽һ졣
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ʯͷӦˣ磬ҵĺϢ̧߳ȥûһֻϲãˣַӦˡ
ԶſȥȻַ㱧ŽſϣЦЦĿ
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ʯͷ˵бۣ˵ѡĭԶ
ԶʯͷʯͷĭԶ֪ʯͷԷ飬̾˿ԶǶ޹ؽҪˣǻֺ֣αأ
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ĭеӤЬӣֱӾܾһȺܲܿʦһʱԣӻء·ҪԼߣܿˡݣסջѰլӣкǵġ
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ʯͷˣү˻˫̥Ҳ̫ˣûûУ˾⻰û˵ʡүNɪ
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¶ģϷūŮŮϲĭͷβܺߣһжƵģǰСˡ
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´˵кϰ飬˭뵽·˻ӡ
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ĿࣺүȷûǸ˳ᢵү
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ֹסҭĭòãһҲãǸŮкˣҵĺӾͳ˶ġ˵ˮʡ
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֪ͥϹ·ΪأǶ񶾡죬ˡ
Զͷʯͷ벻ٸҸһ£ձ뾰ĳ棬ԶûѪҺڣȥеĶģ泩
ʯͷ˽ԶüЦȥˡǽߣ˳ȥǽСַ磬ַ磿
ַδ˯һֱעլʯͷһӳʯͷ棬˫ֻվǽͷϣӸʯͷʣ£
ˡʯͷʵ
´ˣַʡ
ǡʯͷ
ͥȻַߺ޵һ
˶ίܰܡ˵ףһн׶ײʸȨһжᷢ
պ´˳Żѣȥ·ϱ˴ˣ׵ģ˵ݵһţ˵©硣
鷿
㱨Ҷٸ
Ҷٸ壬¸һֿӣ̿Ц˵©磿뿴´˵ӣ糯˵©磬²ҳҪ֪Ϊ᲻Ѫ
пܡԺ´Ѫصĳ
Ҷٸҡͷ´ϣ湻ʧܵġӴͷһɣ
һǣҶٸӣ˵Т´ԹͥүҪλС֪ˣ᲻´һݣµšѾܳ鷿ˡ
Ҷٸԣǵͨ죬ַ̧ϵӣ棬˶ү֤㡣˵ҿԼ
棬үˣүӲãͲ˳үǹܼҵ
ڰֻ֣ʵʵ˵
ܼ̾үûҲ˵ôѧַ㣬ɫ˵үüЦġ
һû𻰣֪ܼ߶˵ȥܼҪ˵û꣬תȥҶٸǰơ
үūŽˡܼſڹ
Ҷٸһɡ
ܼҽһ١Ҷٸüлֱ˵ɡ
ˣƹţ͵ϣ˻ܼ˵
ҶٸԽӣƹ֪ͨϵˣȡܼҲ
ȥһˡҶٸſȥ
ǾĽꡣٹ˶ϲΣʱ¿Σһ򲻵
Ҷٸż䣬ǰһյ衣ƹԽݸҶٸҶٸ򿪽п˼ۣ΢ͷɰɣùȥ
ͳһƱݸƹģƹĵͷл
ʱ⴫ϼҶ磬֪ѽϼл˵
Ҷٸ̧ƹƹ̻⣬ͨһڵϣС˾͸¶үϢС޹ء
ɡҶٸ߳ȥſϼϼҶٸųЦݣҶ磬Ҿ֪㻹ϼ˵Ҷٸ֡
Ҷٸ˺һϼ־룬ƽϼԣĪҪֶŵģ˿˳ɺͳ
ϼۿһ죬˳չ䣺Ҷ磬㣬ΪǶңϼĲã˵ϼľˡ滨꣬ģˣȴҶٸŻ
ûһĻϼǸĺùϧѾߵòߵְѾˮѾˮУŴ˳ȥ
ºҶٸѾ߲Ե޹ʲⶾ֣ѾЦһ£̵ԭ
ϼҶٸ˵ֱֱЩëǲϷҶٸҶ磬㣬ֻҪͻϸ˵һϸһҴͻġ
ҶٸЦΪ˭һϵľʥּ£ɸġԽϼͷ³δĶϱӱ־룬ù£˵ģ㲻Ҫ棬ҲҪ˼һĸܡ
ϼû뵽Ҷٸ˾飬һ棬ԪҹǻеĸˣѿڶҶΪŮ
ĭʵɶһ˵ܾһֹҶ硣ζûŪ
ϼĽͱ񶾵Ůˣ㺦ǾŮСӡ
Ҷٸ˳ϵ磬ȭִ뿤޹ءߡϼס磬Ҷ磬Ӧ֪ҵ⡣˵ŴŴŵ¡
Ҷٸ磬Ҷĳ˲֮䲻Ͽ
ϼ뿪˵Ĺܼҳ֪Ҷٸ£پվԵŹܼҿڡ
ܼǰүˣ
ߣȥҶٸһˣ鷳򲻵ᡣû뵽Ըˡ
ͺúʰʰˣǳЩԡ
ϼ˫ȭվԭһǳԵӰĭԼԹҡ
Ҷ˶

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Ҷٸ˻ȥſڣ˽ӿһˣھǰǻȥ
ܼæǰͣҶүƿţҶٸֵкһˣūүڣΪˣȴءЩԹԡ
Ҷٸߵǰ´һǷֱˣʲô¾ֱ˵ɡ
ҿ˿ĴˣڨڨЦǰ󸮵ȥθ¹ٵֶŮΪ檣ʱ¹ٵֶŮڹУ͵үϣ¹ֶŮˣʱȥźүү¹ʲôʱ˸͵ϣ
壬͵û͵˻Ȼ񣬾Ҳ²ˣɰϷˡ
ϷڼңĭĹΣԶǰ۶ǣҪЩڣҺڱ˲ţĭɥǵĻ
һҪֻҪĭܽռôȥ˾ãܷôõĻᣬϷʣԸĭΪ檣̰͵
Ҷٸ˵Ĵ㣬ֱֱؿ壬ż񣺡ëɣϸ檡
弫ͣү¹ٵֶŮûëҪϲ¹̸͹
Ҷٸĵؿ壺ôȻʱ
˵Ҷٸֵһʱ𣬲ҳŮΪ檣һ룬ƵǲҪҹŮˣͲ¡Ϊ˼常ʡֶŮ檣ԵΪޣ檡ҳŮҲԸ⣬Ҳ֮Σ׼Щ֮Ժ󣬿ҲصѽΪҾֶŮ檣˵ҲʻŮΪβԼŮأ
ԣǵͨ죬ܾˣָָ㣬Ǻɫ֧֧û˵һ仰
ҶٸȻԸŹңЦһ˵ռֶֶŮĶֶҪ㻹˴һ١ιƽ£ٵѽǲҲ˼˵ֶΣϽȥƽϣ뿪糯һ
£ҰͽȨҪֶŮΪ檣ռֶֶŮĲƲ÷зھ㣬ˡ
岻ΥβͻˡǵΧ˳Цһ
ԶϼҶٸȵоǳԣҶ粻׼ˣΪάŮǶµˣʲô¶ĿģԵ޹ʰһزʶˡ
ĭʲôҶ࿴ҶٸҲϼֻɨһۣߴƿתظ
ҶٸĭΪ檣Ϣֶߣܿ촫С벻ף֪Ҷٸ«ʲôҩȥʣߵſڣ˹ϷԺˡ
˲֪ĸҲ֪Ҷٸ檵ϢùʵϽ˵һϷ˸˸ˡ
ҶٸҪĭΪ檣ҵľǹϷˣĭĶϱΪ˴Ⱥ룬ǺҪˣչֶӼˡ
һŮɼ޶Ҫˣ˼ȥòףҶٸȰûҲ˵ˡҶٸӲԣҪĭΪ檣ùϷ˾ܾҶٸ
Ȼ֪ҶٸΪͼ徲Ըȥ
ʱ󣬹˾鷿ţҶٸԤϣԼЩϵ֪ʣôˣ˴ˣ˭ôĵӣҴܣ
վһԣƲۿҶٸүϷ̫ˣ˴ģĺүڹء
ݾϻЩֲۣ뱻Ҷٸֱ̭ʣҪŮΪ檣ôͻȻԸˣ
Сֹ檣ΪȢ¡
Ҷٸбһۡ
ʱվãٿڣ˵Ҷٸá
ݿҶٸʾ˵ԭ
ҶٸóУƸݣ򿪿
ݴ򿪣ʱüͷ壺ʲô˼Ҫ͸ңͽʲô˼
̲סүƤĽֲǴģô͸˵ͼֽүǸС׼
ҶٸΪͬͷѽ
ݲʣֲøңαóҿͻȻС֣ȻŵҶٸкˣֹһ
̾˵ˡüҶٸүҪNɪˡ
ȻҶٸʱɷɢŸ׵ĴȰôû뵽ɣˣ˫̥Ӣ䣬ܼ۾˭һ̥ӣͿ๦ߣĺӲӣԱȢΪޡҲܶԵ
̲סѣүУӵ׵أ
ҶٸѪ˲ʵʵ˵棬ԹŭĿӣߣڲ뿴㡣
ЦǺԸҵΪѴӦ
Ҷٸ͵ָſںϽȻҲȿȿȡסؿڣͿԼ֣˵
֪ҶٸŭˣûȤ˳˵ĻĭΪչˣһϺӣúӻҲԽԽÿС
ݻصսţϷԺе˵ڶţùݻȥϷԺһˡ
Ϸ˵֪ҶٸҪȢĭͬ⡣ȥҶٸ
Ҷٸ˵˳ţ°Ѳˣ˵ȢѾүˣҲ޼¡
Ϸôض㣬üûԷҶٸĭΪͲͬ⣬ҶٸҪȢĭͬ⡣
ĭ޸Ҷٸ۱ֶϱҲǻʵƷģƷߡ۵Ķϱҡһ䣬ƷߵĭҪ񣬹Ϸ̡
䣬Ϸ뵽ơֻҶٸĹĸ
Ϸ֪ҶٸƢִ֣ȵһְүҶٸԴʩҷ
ҶٸΪùϷ˲һ
Ȼһĭ֪顣Ϊˣһ
ԶþǴˣŲĭΪ檡ȻȭͷӲ
ٹգԺҪˣԶھ׼ջذ¹Ժ
ĭǰԺ԰׼ճƷ·ϵĸİ˼ƱԶóĭֹˣ۵ĶѾûˣҲӣαίԼúö飬ϧʱ⣬Ҫٸ˳ˡ
ԶͷӦ򿪰óƱŵݸĭòô࣬㲻Ҫ𣿶ЩӰĭĻᣬֱС
ĭƱ׼ͥ¼ǶԺĵĺ᲻öӡ
ʱʯͷ߽ŭݣ˭нýĭ֪ʯͷ¼Һء
ԶҪ뿪ͥҲһȥ¹Ժˣһĭͥ¼һˣһʰͺ˵һ
ͥûؼң¸֣Щ¡ʯͷһȥͥŻ¸
˭֪ջص¸ղؼң¸ҲһֱӺͥ鷿ʯͷ治֪˵ЩʲôͥʱһԵĶҲûˡ
ʯͷԣͥģ¸ڣʯͷ˵ʲôȳ¸ʯͷͥ׷ʲô£ôͻȻϳˡ
ͥ˵ʵ
ԭͥûؼңǸĸͿʼˣױ򣬼լ˳һԣ˵ͥճĵܵˣһ£լ뿪һ
˭뿪ԶǸճûõӤֻͥˡ
ʯͷ򿪰һۣЩϸһӣǸ¹ԺԺġеģҲֻһĶˡ
ͥʯͷʰᣬСˣһЩǮŰѶլͥͷɥȱȱ˪ӡʯͷοͥ䣬ͥ˵¡
дˣ˵¡ʯͷСԴ󣬸ߵſڣͿʼ
ĭ֪ͥɨسˣοͥ䣺㲻Ҫ뿪ˣ뿪˸ø˲ǡ
֪ͥ̾뿪ͱϳ£Ŀһܲͬ
Զ֪ͥϳ´˱йϵͥԲ𣬶ң̫嶯Ҳᱻϳ
ͥԶļ򣺡𣬾㸸ײǻڣûңҪҸϳ
ˣԶܣԼ̫³ç嶯
ĭԶҲ磬֪˰ɣ³ç½⣬˴鷳ԺҪ嶯Ҫӡ
Զһ죬ͷ˾֪ˡԺҪ˼С˵̫嶯壬ִֹʺ٣Ҳ߲Զǰ񲻵ò˼׵Ļ
ˣˡܽվſڵ
ĭ߹û˭˭ˣңĸҡ
Զ˼᲻ҡʱǺ⣿
ĭ֪Զδ޼ңиȣˡҪʲô
˼Ǽ䣬ĭԶǰżһںȲ裬ԶĭҾ
ĭŲ²⵽ҵĴ㣬ֱӿڣϡ֪ͣͻȻţкҪ£
ӼĭֱˬҲӣӻͳ飬ݸԶҼүŮ׼ңκι󸮹³ç´˲˵˾ûв͸ǽ´ȥҳﲻҲǣү˼ȥ£Ī֡
׵Ĵ㣬Զصһֱ˸ţԶĲǣסʵҲ֪ԶˡǵطƫƧǵ˲ҿ˵´˶ˣ˲²⣬¸ԶѲ˹ϵԲթһթԶ
ԶǵɫָŹܼŭĿӣ㡭
ĭæסԶ磬԰ꡣסԶĸ첲ҡҡͷ
Զջһеŭ𣬿ĭȻݣͻȻ侲ࡣȻ뵽Σ;û鵽֪ģĪ˵ģ˲µˣթǡ
û֤ݣĪҪ˵ԶܼңףҲһõɡٸаҪ֤أ򣬾ѵı˰㣬˲ˡǶû鵽˭ҿб£ˣΪβ֤;˵Ϻأͬ蹷һ㣬Һ˵˵Ǿ޸ĸְң𣿡
Զӹ飬ɵһɫȹܼҿڣԶĸȥǣԶ֪䲻ҹ׾ǡҺαݺü˵ֶвء
СԶ򿪣óܼУȥϽɡ
ܼ뿪˵ĭԸˣ˵ҪűǷǣ
û֤ݣң˭˭ǣҶֲ˺áܼȻҲ뵽һ㣬Ż뿪ˡ
ȥ󣬹ܼͼӴ˵һ˵ü̱˺ô󹦷Ҫػ顣Ҽûػ飬ʹٲˡ⵱ȻǺ󻰡
ߺĭԶ̯ϣɢǷϵϢ̾Ϣһ磬Ҳˣ˭һţȥٸΣҹϵӣܰƽ˭޸ĸأҲ˶ͬǣҲͬ飬ͬûˣֻʣ¶̾ϢԺվסţΨбǿԺĪҪçײ
֪ˡԶۿ΢죬ץסĭ֣Բ㣬ίˡΪҵ£ǾԼû£ܱãõ
ĭҡͷĭίĪҪģȸ翼Ͻʿ˹٣Ȼкù㡣
Զɫһ죬һĭϹ˵ʲôֻɵøһ㣬ߵԶһ㣬ܳΪõ
ףҲյϢ
ҶٸϵϢЦˣԶӲȻԺһֻǱ̫ãδ̣̫ãðһѡ
̧ҶٸүӲӣδĴӣǲǻǸδ֪
һʵ
˵ܣȴֶˣֵؿҶٸүʲô
Ͼ֪ˡҶٸĦȭƣ棬˷ܵĹâ
лҪ˵£лл֧֣ôôգӴ
һҪġɩ˵ǡ
شԽˡ
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Ŷ꣬һؾְýźˣΪ̰˱ˣżŮ˹ȥ
ؼ޵лҲ֪ˡл˵׸׼ˣ׷ҳԸɵģȢ׵Ƹǽģױءһһʱ벻Ҹӵˣû뵽һֻصԭ㣬лĴɽ۷Ĺ⣬һũƴѧ˵бɽ
һºлҲ϶ٶ⡣
ֹЩӣԲĶӣֱ׳Ĳ˷㣬ԹæȥСײˣСƹϣССˣСƻС岻ãڼҡ
ſӣϼѼ⣬ͬɩ˵ǡųɩԣɩ˵ɶɶ
л֮èڱ߹شɽпѩأһ߿һżĵܵãȴһ̣ˣҲܸӼˣҲܽ˵İˡ
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нһûʰˣԽԽˡʵһαһġ
Ҷٸʰˣ˵ԶǴӡȻϵ˵˴δʵҶٸ֪ӣǰѨ
Ҳܲү´ˣҲˣүҪûˡ
ҶٸרŴһȭһȭһƣһƣںţ˵ʵ˵ʵүġү첻ʰ㣬Ͳ֪˭үͷϴ˼ƣ㲻ԣѧѧܵܲ𣿷үġ
ܼæܹʣôôʲôˣŽһһʱĿࡣ
Ҷٸȭִȼ£Щӡ
ҲܼҼֲ֣ǼūˡվſڣƵſЦ
æģүҲˣҲˡ
Ҷٸа˵˵ǵڼˣ
ɥһ-˴˰ɡ
Ҷٸһӣµ׼ˣ
ʮʮʮ˴ˡһȫ
Ҷٸ˴ˣԼ˱裬򼸿ڱĵؿ棺үԼүʮˣÿ궼һδɡ˵㲻˵Ͳܲ˵𣿷˵ʵ˹ӡ
£˲
㻹Ҷ졣Ҷٸһۡ
ʵ̲סЩܰ±ôˣ˽¡ͼ忪Ѩϧͽ͡
ҶٸһҪǻɱˣϳȥˡ˵ϵ£ܶˣҶٸֵ£ſ˵ȴȻģּ
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濴һҶٸųȥܼվſڣһ£ֳ϶ˣĵЦˣ⺢ӣͲѧѧַ㣬˵ѣһ˵ˡҪϳȥˣҿүƣ㵽ڡ
ķ׼뿪
ʱַˣ汻ͷֲ֣ΧһǺ˰ۣͲܳԡЩ˵Ը׾ͳˡ˵˵ģ㲻˭ᣬ㶼ġ
żһ˵ַ°͵ñѨˡһδˣ鷿ţõȥүԶ¼ҵС뿪ˣ˴뿪
ҶٸڰеĽüĿЦĵ֪ˣţκζʱȥɡ
ַվδ˹ֵү»ʱ򿴼֡ϼҲͣլԶ
ҶٸתָָԶĲ輸
ַ⣬æ˱ݹȥҶٸӹѺһڣ͵ȻǸʵʵ˵Ļǿˡ£Ŵڿ飬˵ǻˣ˵ֻܷߡ
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Ҷٸһվ˵ۣˣү֪ҸҽȥɡլǱ߶ЩˣϼŮĺָʲôءˣȥ³һˣϼδԸϱϱҲҪˡ
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۵죬治˵ʵ̲סЩѿڶûӡ
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ĭû뵽ֻΪʺɸŮ˸ͥҲ׼뿪һŵ˻ʺһ
ִͳһƣݸĭǻ͵ģõĻҾͲ˵ˣҲǸԼļֵɱʧ
ĭ֪ʺϽ뿪ʹѴѵӣȱǮֵزˣ
Ůף߻ʺŮʹĭ·ԼѡģٿѣʹſţҲȥ
ߣһһ˵׾ͺá
ĭ󣺡ְɡ
ת֣ˣҲˣִŶӣˣʱҿϼˣ֮ĶԹһȥҰһΡ뿪ߵЩЩ˵̫󡣡
ĭԸϼǸӣһ裬ͻȻԼиһѴ̡
ĭܽ֡ܽϣԶͣһ֪ϼ
ϼֳˣӡ
ͷҲŹԱߣЦȻˣβءһʺﻹ˵أѡӣ͵ȥүѡѡպʿɻ顣Ȼū˿翤ūһȥʱѡӡ
ϼƿӣȼŻ棬·ǰǻʺˣūţþţʺ󹬣æ֮лչϼϼм£Ȳȥʹˣٿʺɩɩӣó뿪
ּϼˣܽصҲˣúչҷˡ
ܽӦˣϽ뿪ϼȥ̶ϼ棬ϼʻܽزҸط뿴ϼʲô
ֻϼǰסˣ֪ϼ˵ЩʲôһȥˣһӦǾԸϼϼǳָ˵˼ݻȻ⣬סϼȥ·
ϼſڴסôҲȥ
ʱһӣ㣬ƦƦסϼҪߣϼ˦ӵ֣õЩһ򣬺˼ڵء
ٺˣֱӴϼڼͷ˿ˡΧ˹ۿָָģ˵³Сӣǰϼϧϼһھϡ
ܽػȥͰ¸ĭĭ벻⣬ϼδڣһʱԼ鷳ǾҪ뿪ˣʱϼҲҲ
ĭ׵ĻŽҲϽʰʰ©ĶһǾ뿪
ܽشӦһ׼ʰһ¡ɴ߽ˣƹˣ֪ʯͷҪߣʯͷ
ĭŻֽסɣһȻʯͷ𣬾ʯͷȥǰţŮӣָոպ룬СռƹЩԣװһޣ͸ƹӣ䲻ܴлľ֮Ҳǵһ⡣
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ܽҲųȥĭʰֻ߹æҪЩߣ
ĭһֻŽϸˣֽŵ¿ȥһϼ裬լӣֻˣȥҲʵֻ׳ʪױ档
˵ġһֵƹˣǰ˲ȥƹʯͷʦ˵δɻ飬ǣǡ̾ϢĭԣҲͲ˵ˡ
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ǰҶٸ⿴˿δĭӰӣЩʧʯͷļķסˣÿ˯ǰҪʱнһʱĪǡ
ʦİɣҲǡʯͷͻȻʲôЩ˼ʦĭСܵܣСܵܳˣܲܽǣ
Ҷٸһ٣ͷȻԣҪԼѧòУȻӵܡܸܵǲΪʦԸΪͽ
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治ţүҪˣ˵ȥˣ޶ôͻȻˣҶٸɵ£ĬĬ棬ϣүҪŭźá
ҶٸջصܼӭСүүˣůأɫݣСЩ
ҶٸһůյſڣͻȻɳһֻ豭Ҷٸš

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Ҷٸ߽ůү棺ջͷôĻС˸Σϲ裬үܻܰ𡣡
үҶɿ⸱²ӣ·ʲôҲ벻ۣأ˹ܼңһûЩЩĸ׵ޣźĸ׶꣬Ƕȥˣ
Ҷٸ裬һݸүɫȻʮʱ׾뿪ԶΣټ࣬ˡ
˶ˣôꣿүŲ豭ضҶٸӡ
ϧĲЩūűӵ׻ͣϣֻһͿ塣ȻǣҲ㡣Ϊ˱ȫµֻ˧ҶٸǰƿʮȥˣԺˣҪ˺ǻˡ
ǸүѾˣҪүıӻҲĸˡ
һơү϶СͰƣһ˵˻ȦꡣЩһĵˡ
ҰƣǰĸͣΪ˵õǵİΪǶ࿴һۣҹɶ£ҲùٱǽأĸôҵģģǼҳ㷹ĸʱ裬ʱ򺢶ż꣬õĸ׺͸׵ĳ谮ȴ˵Ӷ硣أæڹһĸϣδĹҡΪǵӣЩūңңҡˣѵѵҲӦȻǰˡҶٸͷЦүãһƬͣ˸͵ˣū¡
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Ҷٸү߬ȭһϣĸӣȻ˽׵ÿ˴˼ҲүԼ֡
ѵǼģɼΪλء
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үҶٸֱضĿ޴Σĸоôˣ۾ˣϾƺȶû˯ãСаǿĴָЦЦûϢãٺúЪһȥתתǡ
ʮǰһӡҶٸүǰ˻Ƶ
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ϷҲֶ֪ȨƣⷿӯصĹ޹ȥҲ˵κֶӲԸ⣬ҪȢǸɥǣȻҲҲ֪ܷ˵ֶӡ
һ⣬Ҫ˵̽һݻˣڱ˵ҶٸҪȢӣ˾ҲֹѴӦˣùϷ˲Ҫˡ
Ϸ˲ţ˱ȥʸסȥ˾Ҳ֪Ҳ̸Щʲôʱ涣ֹʮְʹࡣ
ү߹ϷˣҶٸ鷿Ѿ׵ˣ㰲ү
ҶٸŽ̧үȥ˰գұҪѰбܣչ㣬ѸߣھɣҪˡ
үλûߣʱ޶࣬ӣ̫ҽƣ̫ҽĻԷ磬һƣͿյҶٸҪ뿪Щ᣺𣿡Щ˵ڡ
ΪӣӦ֪ԹТȫҶٸٹЩʱպҪˣ뿴ǳġ
峿ҶٸµĿʹվڴͷĭ龰ɫΪʲô뿪ˣΧĿµģϢȴ˾úš
ǰĭĴƯˮϣһ£˹;羰ڿͲġ
ĭģ°ҳѧẈ֪̂һ¹ȥˡ
£ůߵԭ򣬼˶˱
ĭȻڿͲﲦỤ̄һѾϰˣһ첻̣òϰߣĺӣҲϲŪӣĺӱ㰲࣬Ӽ˶棬׷׿޺Ӵϻۡ
գ¸հóַˣڲȱ˵Ż߹ˣվſڣĪģڣ÷˺СӰȻ
ĭֱĻͷӦ
ʱԶһԶĿʹţҪǮ¡
ַվڴͷЦЦԶаǾټҰǨϽ٣ǰ᲻Ƕˣܰ߶Ƕ٣һЩ̲඼ҲУĪ
лҪ˵˵׷޻᳡Ĳд̫УҾҵǺ˺ŮΪŮҲڱŮŮ֪˭ڰıܾãСʱȱٰļң˻εģǿȵġȻСë٣۸ڶĿˣΪǡ涼õӦҪġ
С糡
Ҷٸ:Ҫϱġ
ĭ:˭ϱѻ˵
Ҷٸ:з

3636

Ϊ˱ĭİȫҶٸɳ˶ֺŵˡ÷Ϊĸֱֺ֣ţֺţֺţֺţޣֻҪֺŵ˿ԽΪֺŵˡ
ֺŵ˾ѵһʮִŸְС͡ȣЩˮˡ
ǿѹͷߣûŪЩ˵ĵϸַ㲻׳֡
ַʮˣҪĭİȫʲôʧһѴ̡
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ַһתʱ⣬˫״ԶţɼǴϳˣŮ죬һʮĺӣҪ֤ǮƷ뿪͵Ǯˡ
ԶĴϣˮһɳĸС̽̽
ĭַĻַ̾ɻ̲סǣһǰ˵֪оǿ
ַ㿴˹ˣԸһˣ˷ֳӣһˮһڴϣ򲻿˿֪ĭˮ·ҶٸѡĶˮԺõ˵ģַˮҲá
ˮ˹ȻеУĸ̽ʵˮﻹˡˮ¸տ㱻˽ˡ
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ү㶨ݣǰʰļҵ׼Сӵģȫˣû뵽óˡ
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ַһˣ˸ָ΢ЦӲǽǾͱˣһˣȥιɡ
ĸˣֳذףĸˮ˷Ӧ˲ϼѪڵûϢһ˿ӣġ
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ħһˮ˴һսذ׵סĲֻҪҺ˵ذ׻̸ĲӣҪòַĻһ顣
洬ϵ˲ʻЩϴ˷ܣмɫĵˣнƱŮ㡣
ַװһµӣǣǸղ˵ˣ˶ߵģɲ˵㻰
ˮˣ˵㻰ʲôЦһϴЦŵ
ϴɻ飬Ҳ˻ȥһɻ顣Σ
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ĭŴӿʹ϶ѪŻַ˷ȥȴʰɾٳ
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ˮûоѵǵĶ֡
غãַվڼװϣԶĴԽԽһйٱַŵᵽɤۣȺˮٸйᣬˣ⹷ǻˡ
ַ㿪ڣԷȳ̨ǿ𣿡
ַ˵ǣǴӾȥͶ׵ġ
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ûлɣսˮ˵ĴһѪѪδɣЩɻ󣺡⴬Ӧˮ˵ģǰǴ⴬ûɴϵˮأ˴ˣ˭ˮأ
ǣַɻ붯ٸˣһ㡣
ֵ¥ǧأǽϸ̣ȥðƷ;˵أЩˮ˴ˣѣҹٸ˰æһػ
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һֻϴַ裬վڼװϿȥһŮӱ׳׷
Ůһһ溰̫ܵûվȵڵأ׷ŮӣһקסŮӵͷ-Ц--ӣҪϴȢ㣬ĸ֣ȻܣŲھͰ㡣
һ죬Ѿʼˣ磬С椳òȿϴҲ֪
ӵǺܿϵ룬ܿ촫ĭУĭŴַ㣺ܳ־Ⱦ𣿡
ȥַӦһʩչṦϷȥδֱ֧Ӻ޷Ӧ¡
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ַ֪ŵˣģ㣬͸ŹȻĸоЦЦʼ磬Ȼ⣺ˮ𣿡ʰˮʱˮ˵ϴȢףոǸʩ˵ϴŮˣѵŮӾˮϴģ
ŮӼ֪ʱ棬ؿͷлл֮
Ů壬ھ󣬸ų󣬾ӪһҲ˹ݣӹò
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ɽկ٣ֻʣ¼ˣĸŮû˳;ĸΪ˾ˮɱˡ
ַ㲻֪ĻǼ٣ͷŴ˼ڡ
̹ˣƾַԸ
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ĨĨϵᣬͷǰ档
һġַ㿴ĸףˮһ࣬мƣҪͷٺúðɡĻ˰-ŷ֡
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ĭͷͬ⣬Ѿ鷳ˣҲΣԺл
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ʯͷַȵңҸȥɨԺӡ˵ַĲ
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ʯͷַֹôˣӺɷ˵ɴЩ£֧֧ġ
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ַһˤʯͷ죬˿ΧͰ͵Ϲ˵ҲûޣҲûС
⻰үǰƤɡ
ʯͷ⣬üʣѵ˵ˣ㲻ϲĭǲϲĭ㣬Ϊһֱĭ㣬ҵؤʱҲˣĸǸһǳͷˡǮ˭ҲԸ
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ĭҲˣߺ˵̫Щʯͷ
ַ㱻ҭһ£Ҳû취֮֮¡
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˴ֺŵˣɨһԺӣЩҾȥȥ¥ĭθһˡ
ĭŶӿ壺ôˣҵ˾˾ĸˡ
δҧŴ˵һҡͷ
ַЩˣ䣺ޣ˵ѽǼˡ

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ַһ˵޵øˡ̫¡ǼҲᣬײ
ĸײԶǧͶף·ˮˡͬΪԱ͸ˮˣֲ㱻ַҿһˣȻɹ»Ұˡ
һݣһҵ˾˾ĸ˵һҵĲ״ĸ˵˸ĸˣ˳ڽεַ㡣
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⻰ۿתˮߵӣҧ촽
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ַҲŰǻǣ㲻˵Ҳ֪㷢˺£Ҳû㲻ǡ
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岻ţĭ֪Ǻá
ô㲻Ը⣬㸸ĳҲ㲻Ը⣬ȥĭЦʡ
вӦĵ̵ͷΪЦ֤ѷ˺Сİװء
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լӴɨɾˣĭԸס¥׼ҡ
ַ÷ˮѡ˸Ӱң˵Ҳɣ³˰ҡ
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ĸֲˣһӲҲգ¿ҷˡ
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ַ㡣վڲԶ⻰æֹү취κСء
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˲ĺӡ
ѦҽҶٸ˼СඣҲ֪ĸ
лҪ˵Ĺǡİ桷ģȤŮȥ

4141

ҶٸæһչĭԸõŮ顣
ˣĭżֳͤȣһҡӣһͼ˵ᵽ¶ܽغɶһۡ
ɶһµݸĭˣǴ£ӦؿǡҪҲƷкõĺӡ
ĭ˵ͷ˵꿴ϣҲƷԺõġ
ƹӰæū澼ߵ˶ɼƹӿ˵ı²ֶܽкõϷϣ壬ºͶѩЦ˵˵أƹӰæ᲻õ㣬㿴ƹߵҸ磬ҸƷãƹӶϲʯͷƹҲǾʯͷøжТ˳ˣǸĵúӣɡ
ôһ˵ͷƹΪɣˣæá
ºͶѩҲƹӰæɲĭ
Ҳܽغ˵еǴ£ŪãǵزС
һϸӣҲ˵˵ǷĻˡ
ҧһϣӲ˲˵öԣأǵССΰһǲ£һǵı͵òʧˡ
ĭͷ˼Ƭ̵ĸ˵ǣƹ˵˵æ
ʲôҰæЧ͡ǽһߺȻҶٸ
ѭȥҶٸǽͷһϮ£ֳȣǡ
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Ҷٸǽ߹ĳǽǣ˵̫ҵ徻ĳӣĳ˵ףǸ񡣡
ĭɫһ죬סһȻƹˣƹΪΣ
ΣҶٸ߽ͤʯһϣҲһ飬һһ˵ζˣҲһȥ
һϣóӲ˲֣оЩָµҴˮ
΢һӣҶٸָæͷӦǣ̧ųȥˮˡ
ĭһĻ΢΢üѾߣƹӵһʹ˸ʹԼѾһĭΪȻƹкθ߼
ȻҰæܾܾҶٸһ׼ԣǽͷүӲʣѦҽܳĶθʡ
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ֽӴϣҧһڣһ֭ˮֱĸоллү͹ϡһϣһĨ죬ֵˣҼҹӣܳģȻָˡ
ĭһ£Ҷٸŭ棬ͷ֪ˣһῴѩʹ˸ɫѩ⽫϶ˡ
Ҷٸ֣ѽҳһ顣۰Ͱ͵ؿһϱˣƱС
ҩԵĶٳԣոճһϣۣ֭¶ǺںҩóԶˣԼ飬ԹǸ͡
ĭҡͷʧЦ㲻ܳģ˲۽ȥʣҩ࣬һѹסζҲǲ
Ҷٸܾ˵棬ȻȻصͷ
ٴǽͷˣװЩҼҹӰʳźۼˡ
Ҷٸ̧֣ӷɳȥܻԶ²졣
סӣչҡҡƤЦȻ࣬ллүӡ
ַҲǽͷ̶ż̸ˣһЩҼҹӳԶ˻ʳһתֵãԽˣǽҶżķˣܲܽ̽ңζԲǽһץ
ǿóءһ죬Ƴһĭַָһɵ񣺡˵
˵ҼҹӣҲĲ˺óԣǲ˼ڡַ°ͣˣ˵һ죬ĻѣҼҹӶСоֶ֮ŷ˲Щ˵ġ䷹֪˿ɷԸ⡣
⻰ǺҶٸ⣬۰Ͱ͵ؿĭдЩ
ĭĸĸֲ۰һͷӦЩˣǴȥ԰ɡ
ַǽͷܵͤվҶٸ󣬺޳ܵ˴ȥԻʱ䣬иζãģǲ鷳ԹǾߡ
Ӵ˿֮ۡĸǽ˰衣Ҷٸַ棬췭ǽԷԹٷǽȥȻͼΰᶺŪһٲȻһҡ
ⶼǺ󻰣Ҳ
Ļ죬ϻ˵ˡϣҶٸĭȵȣѰ֮ҪԵ֡Եֵĺ˵Զء
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ŶṦĭѱҶٸˡĭ˸ͷЩƣڿӣȥ
ҶٸվҲòͽˣŷһȥ˲ɣ
ĭͷ˵⣬ɿǿ絶̰㣬Բ԰׵ӣԺָյξƹλԼĳ
ܾںͣƬ̺һ䣺⡣ҡȿ첽뿪ҲҶٸǷ
󣬻ͷҶٸЦˣƹӶԷ⡣
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ҶٸĭԶȥıӰ̾ɫˣȥҵСͽתʩչṦԽǽͷƸԺС
ĭҲ⣬Ҷٸţ뿪ͷҶٸѾûӰˡ
ַ˵𾢶Ҫ˵ɱˮˣˮ˽£ҫٵ㼸ˣԣҶٸȥ
һ˫۾ܽأûַʹɫַҡͷɵݽȥˡҲ˵̸㣬ǽһԾǽͷͷã˸ЩóԵġ
үȢˣҲȢߵˣͲŷģȻû˵ȢԺпڸˡ
ܽؼַˣ滹Լηգ̲סѣҹǶˣôߡ
ŻŶһַȥ
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ʲô˵Ķձ죬뿪
ԴַԼͶַкøУü˾ӦüӢۣεڴٴַ㣬үԲŸַ򸮣ַ֪㲻ˡ
ܽص˵㶬ѩĶͷҿСѾͷ˼ˡ첲ϵ뿪߳ͤ
ЦѩšҲ뿪ȥʯͷʯͷ˼ܳš
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ѩں棬һܽأܽؽͻ۸ˣй򣬱˴򲻹
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ҶٸصңڴϣĭµûšƽʱŮ׷ܣʲôʱֵ׷Ůˡ
ַŸţүЩ㣬Ҫ𣿡
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ǴĸأҶٸûԶ٣Щˡ
ַ棺ղŻƢҪأôˡ
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ַүԵƬ̣ȥƣѾͷġѾߵ⣬ʩչṦԽǽͷ򸮵Ժ
ͷſڣܵܲ
Сʱַˣ̶ĸһ˲һƣƲ˷Ϲү𣿲Ѿͷ
Ҷٸӣһźһɣַձֲٽתͷ棬㿴ַ㣬ٿ㣬æﲻϣүϺȣ۾ܽˣûŮ𣿡
ҲֱҶٸ棬ƺ±үСһ꣬ǸءôȷʵûŮˡ
ַԵĲĿ࿴棬ðŻ񣺡磬ʱʵʵ˵˲á
ƱһƳۿַ㣺˭㣬컬ࡣ
Ҷٸӣַ㱾뻹죬ҲˡҶٸ˵Ӳ𣿡
ԡ£˿ƺżҲҪץʱС
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ϢӦÿ촫ˡĻ䣬洫
ַߣӦŸˡٻ߬һֽظҶٸֺŵ˴Ϣˡ
Ҷٸչ꿴һ飬ЦˣĻӺ͹
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¹ԴӼ޵šϺ̫¹ǡ
Ҳ¹ÿ궼ȥʮδϣҲδ¹
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ҶٸжǳѸ٣ӵ˵Ůͷɸ봫飬˰͵ݡ
ӵݺҶٸ˰ѺӰھ¥߼ӡ
ĺӺܻ꺢ӻ󣬾ؿҶٸ˭ʲô
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󣬸һղһգʺ󽥽ѳֳΪų켺ʺһ/ӣɱżʣеĴ󳼣ӻʺߣչ٣򳭼塣
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Ҷٸ⺢ӣЦЦѹɤǾǵˣûбĿģֻǼǿ֮İˡ˵ԸⱻԸ⣬ҰǰšҪңΪξǣֻܸǣ¹Ǿʶ
Сӱ׷ɱ£Ѳ¶ĺӣǿ죺ܱ֤ǵİȫ𣿡
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ǾͰȫ𣿡̧ͷ濴Ҷٸ
ǵˣķˣˣԼҲӣ֪ӵݣΪ˻šȻĺֵǣҶٸߵӸǰźӵգĵؤĸӶˣܿӡСС˼߯࣬Сĳߡ
⻰ЩĶˣǸѡ񣬾˾ǻʵۣܻǶãǹ׶㣬ѷ
ʺֶǼʶʹˣͿΪĸˡ
µףһɡ
һȥˣżſӣͷ棬ڡ
꣬С꣬İСڻУתѣ˫ۣһŮǣһ䣺ܸԵ𣿡
岻ԾͷƹӵĻ²źӽţԺںܽؽ㣬ɽ㣬ǿѽ
ܽغܳһǣһӣʵ˭ҵĺӣģʣѲ²⵽үİš
Ҵţͼſڣ㻹ǵƹӵĻԵֵȻšǲǸԵ֣͵
ԽԽпܣǣźӵԺߡ
ܽغɶһۣĬĬں档Щ¾ãϸϸȫθ˽Ͱɡ
ĭ΢΢üڣͷ棬ȷؤ֣Ц˵ǡ
ӼףƲǰˡ
ĭϸϸǲ֡ȲɾˣĭüͷšøǼסɻʲôˣ
ȴһ˫С޹ǣһûӲ˼ҵĺӣô䵽ؤĵزһ顣
ȴ鷳鷳͹ˡ

4242

һʣĭˣһᣬһȰ˵ޣлֱ˵Ҳͻȥ
Ӳ˲ᣬȻᣬƲˣˣܻǣĸǸ˳
ĭ̾Ϣһ˼ǷǶ࣬ܽصȥϴϵǻɾ·
ܽȥֹ
ĭ˼ǲ¾ͻ޾鷳
ӣƹģſӣҲŹơ
źӿͰ͵С磬ǰ°ɣƹˣӦò⡣
˵ɡĭͷ˼Σµ֪ͨʯͷƹӹ
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ĭŮޱϲˣЦӯӯұɡ
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ܽغѦҽҵַ㣬ˮʳҩķΪ֣·ĭҶٸ
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Ҷٸڵμ˽гϿĸͷȻ˼Ҫʹ͡
⻰ǵûϹЦָҶٸ˵ƤĿŵҪʹ͵ģһӣĸӣг޺úƣʹȻٲˡЦˡ
ĭ̧ϣҫٸ̫ˣܲ룬ǻ˽˵ûйϵһɺϣδ̫ɺϡ
ܽؿһҶٸҶٸԾͷתȥʱҫٸ߽ü˳ĿɵĲˣڵϸ񣺡ϣꡣ
ɡͼ֣Ͱؿżӡ
֮ͬĬ̫վһԣĺһ˲˲Ͱӱһ㣬ӦеͰȻ˫ֵ̥ܣէһһģһϸϸֱܷͬ˭˭ǰ
վظָָԱߵİֵҵ̫ܵܰӵ£ʦ㣬˵ϻ۹ˣʫܸҲ֪Ǽ٣ʶˣϧûлᣬǺúдһ¡
ҶٸӣһʲôЩƭǵģֻ뼤Ǻúö顣
̫ӵһ£ڵ鿴ҶٸƭˣҸǰ˵ǾҲʫܸԭƭ˵ģ˵ĻȻţߡ
Ͱ֪ҶٸƭˣҲƽϣǶӣ̫ӵ֣ŭԵصҶٸȥȥЩƭ˵Ĵһ𡣡
⻰ǵü˶ЦˡҶٸӼתתȥЦǺһӾ͵ӡ
ҫٸҲôŴ̸ֵȥżܵܣʲôӲźá
ϵĿע⵽һסˣ⺢Ӿ̫мƣӲҪ˵˭Ǿ£һСʱϿˡ
ĭãȥɣûǵˣúÿŵܵǣȥߣעⰲȫԺӴ԰԰и˹ˮͦЦֲˮ鷳ˡ
ҫӦһתȥٸҲų̧ͷһ˲䱻˸šȭͷսסҫٸϲųʵӣ˴Ѱģ
һ¾ͰˣΪһҲµӰӣѵĵ棬µĺӻϲɣԽԽĭԽС
ĭҶٸҵģӦòɡ
ϼĭҶٸŵȻˮҶٸüʣôҲ֪˵
лҪ˵Ͼŵ㻹һ趨ʱˣǸ

5656

Ҷٸļ٣ǻǰȥݲ˰İӣ·ϾֵʱǵʱҾ;ã¹ĺӣǵūͶˡңܻܲ˵Ҳ֪ǴҲһȫҾһضķӣ˶Ϊˣӹһ١
ϲŭּ˳µˡΪβҲ¹ĺӣض˾ˣ˫۾أ߸պóӣ߲Ѱӵ䣬Щ˻룬̬أҲòӡ˴ûŰǣϿԷġ
뵣̾޶Բ£ĺӶûס˽ǽ̵úܺã޸мأô֡
˵ĭһŵĭ㵽һߣϻ̳ϿֵϣҲǼǿǵģ֪ǵݣǲ¹ĺӣҲǣԣˣܲ𡣡
ܳܵΪµĺˣЩûĸΪ˻һ֪ӻţĸҲùһЩеڶѡҲºףøձ³ϵ
ĭ꣬ǿȥסԲ¡
ʱվſʣˣĲˣʱҲˣԿϯ𣿡
Ĩһ۾ǿһЦݣǸξΣù˼ޣֻո֣ǾͰ޵ƽĿ˼ɡ
ɣҪ֣ٷ˭ҲԲ̹ȥǰԺкˣҲȥɡҶٸȻȻĭ֣ȥٲȻԼҵˡ
ϯȻҶٸ˵ģ˲ˣּˣҿ׼ȻҪЦˡ󳼣Ҳھˡ
Щ󳼶סҶٸдҲ²򸮵ݲһ㣬˽ύ˼ŻͷԼҷ˺ú߶߶ˡ
Щ˿ĭ麮Ѽ䣬ﻰ֪Ƿˡĭ˵˶ЩײõϢȻ̸ĭֻһ̣ǰи֣ҲˣԹʿụ̃ǲġ
ĭû뵽ϼҲˡϼĭܲ²⣬Ҳˣͷˡĭװʶˣ˺źƵк󸾡
ˣ㻹ϵ𣿡ĭ뿪ϯ׼ȥǣһ۵ͷһʮĺվڲԶ
⺢⣬˶Ӱڽ»£Υ͵ĸоֵʮӣĸо
ʮֳ꣬ǹţĭԺֳһССӰԲ󣬴żӤʣԲԲ۾ŻЦЦƼƱģ۾ϸЦгһ죬ˡ
ôɵġ
ĭװʶ̽ʣļҵСӡҸէģʶ˲࣬
ǹš򲻺˼
ĭȣǹţôܣǰغ겻ô⸱ģˣҼǵ佫ӦҲṦҲܱ⸱ӣ
ҧŴԥƬ̵ˣҲżˣǶǽʳֻǲ˵ҽܰҿ𣿡ǰ£ͷСǰҲԣ˿СµķϣǰΡ˵̧ͷεؿĭ
Դֳ󣬾ĹӸûϲǲм볰ЦԹְ취ʣʧˡźѹ֣뱻˳Ц
ǰЩȥ˼ÿ򣬴Ҳ˵ΪݵӺѦҽκ֪ѦҽСʱжѧҽκõģѦҽԶݣԶˮȲ˽ٵˡ
õĴָҪϢ˴֪Ӿļĸ¼ζӣᣬû뿪Σ
Źʹ򸮣ĭһ棬û뵽Ըˡ
ĭǰСЦ˵ͨʶǡ
ĭԸ￴еõĴ˵Σ˰ҿ
ĭҪ˵ѾͷüԹŵļĸˣһҪȥҵĺǣˡ㡣뿴ɣȮӵʵǲ㡣
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ĭÿɷ񣬵ȻһЦתȥ
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ϯжξ룬ҲĭҲøϷˣҶ̫ӵţ˵ȻҪȥһдܣ˹ͣɾҵĲˡ
Щ˻ϣˡ
꣬ĭǰҫһ˭֪ҭһ£θģƽеŭ󣬳һ۹ţŶŹŵֵ˵ҽӵ˷֢˿١
ںտǸĭ˻ϣҲֻһͼĴ򣬸޷Ტۡ
ĭʶȻ뷨ЦһΣûҵ֧֣Ӳùɡ䲻粵Ļᣬתˡ
šеӣҧгݿĭʲôٹգҿε⡣ϻΣ̫ΣһҵģʱţļҲһ˫Ůù
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ҶȻǸˣȻôæдˣ⸮ϵһ㣬һ뻹źӵŮˣƾʲôԵõҶİҶģ˭Ⱦָ֡
ϼһ֮ѣʧƣʶ˵ͬϧ֮С⻰ҲգݸһЦ˼ұǻϣоүֻһܳĺˣθ˼ұȣΪҼҵҽҪģ˭ûء
ӼᣬȴϼȻϼѿֿ˻Ǹ߸ϵĿΣǸԼһżҹò⡣ѣȴϼӣȻһ̣κ˶á
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УҲòֱ˵ļ°ɡ
ϼһʱˣʱҪ߶źáҪֳײôʰǡ
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ҫ˵Сʱ£͵ؿһܽǲʶģ裬һŹʣ˭˭׼ġ
Χмǿ̫ӵİȫмʶţûš
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ٸҲ˭ˣɲ۸׵ˣΧŹſ˼飬ЦֳţҲµһˡ
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ٸҪ˵ĭȹҼӣٸĻ
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СүˡƨɣɷؿŹţߣҼҲӭ㡣
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̫һ⻰˫۱Ĺ⣬Ҳܹ޵ݵı飬ŰֵǼһйȥƣûйĸá
ϲִ󹷣мܰܣ붼磬ԽԽȲߴŰȥ󹷡
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ҵĹײףϲһġ̫ӵ
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ĸȻ۰ȴˡūŵĸ˰ӣ˷ȥ
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ĸҲٸһ塣ԽŵˮԽףʿ
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ĭ΢΢˸͵ĵӡٸ֣˵һ䣬ίſˡͺֺţϵѸУЩ㣬ҸղŸˣķ֢ж£Ҳ˴µĽⶾٿޣҿɾͲˡ
ֹסϲץסĭ֣Ͱ͵棬ңңԱأǰӣңôжأ
Ǵ򣬲̽ĭˣڱϵʯϡ
ϻΧû̫Ӽˣüأ
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ΪΣŲ⣬ֱֱ̧ضĭûı飬һƲˡ
Դֳĸ͸׶οǱˡ
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⻰ŵһ£ĶЩϣֵ̿ǽ˶Ҫҵأһô죿
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ĭһۣ⻰ЩСķϣȻӵǺ£Һθɣһֻⶾҹܡͣһ£бһ۵ûȥˣҲ㣬żˡ
л˲ǰӣ˵Ķ飬ûʩһĨ˰תȥ
Źֵӣҡͷ̾Ϣ⺢Ҳ
ƾܸɣڼҲǸͿģճӶˣȴ޶ԣˣǺĵġΪԭТ꣬˶ǸģҲˡ
¿˶ȥˣܼ²ģûӿģŮġĥʲôЩ˵ò񣬾飬һһĭԺУ󶼻Ϊһ̾
ԣؿĭû뵽˻Ļ֮ˡ
ȥߣöˣöˣЩ¾뿪ˣЩƶİգ׵Ϊβϧǰȥһʲô˼λıְԽԽЩӵеԽ࣬Խ̶̰ĲǱˣԼĭԾ˵ĶˣЦЦĪ֣һʱпģˣ򲻿ȥ̫ӵȥˣҲȥưɡµõĳʵúܣƵĿš
ϵһãĭߡ
̫Ļϲһ˷ܣΪܿһݣɷĴ󹷡
ǲ֪һֻţС̹ȳè˶٣ɫë¼źëһͲǴֵģһë磬ȥмֿɰ
˵õأ˵õɷءһֻն̵̹ѽ
̫վǰ׵⽹۶ã˵ʱͷˣָи̹ͣʣ
ҿ̹ĸĸڣеĹֻ̹ˣССһţƢС̫ӷأĽ
˵ûɱѽһŶ߳Զ
лҪ˵Ĵ趨ʱˣ˼

5757

ӣ̹ڻСָ̹ë۵ɤϲãϲίˣȿ˶ˣҾͰų
С̫̹ϲǳ˳飬ӲҲ뺷ǹǰļ裬ˣйҲûйǿһԣͷϲֿɰġΥĻϲĹ
ϺĭʱͿΧһȦһԣǸһ䣬˵ֺ̹
ۼ⿴ĭˣ̹ܹ᣺ףϲϲסǰȥɺãǻῴײ˵ġ
ϴۼһ̹ҲûʲôµģȿڳȥԷڻ԰УȥǰԺ
лϡæлϲֽ˽̫ӸҪ˺һȱһȻٸ㱧
ϲҵģ㶼ˣұһ£һҾҪعˣ֪ʲôʱܳұһ¡̫ٴ֣Űϲø̫ӡ
´ʲôʱܳȻһͦϲ̫ӣ˭ͱԼС̫ӵףڲСǸˡ
̫Ӹҡͷ֪ҲС̫СŮͶ¹ȻҲн㡢ܵãͰ档
Ͽ̫ӵڴͷȻϲٸͰȥ㲻ȱٰ𣿡
̫һ˵Ըҵİ𣿡
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ǻʵۣ˵Աԡ̬ǿӲ
ǰҲֲµĺӣлˣȻֲһӽĸҲܶǣӹҲܽԽԽ취С
˫̥ܳɹ߱ͣ͸˫̥һһذףһͷǳ
Ҷٸ͸һһϻ̵ֵģӤȭͷСɵΡ
ͰܸˣϲܳΪ̫Ӱ
С̫Ӱĺ壬ȴ֪̫ӵ£Էǳˡ
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ĭĸӰȻŷģڹ﷢飬ֻδᣬ򷢼ȥЪϢ
ĭûʣգҫ˵ˡĭʱѾˣЩɱĸ֮
ٸͰͽĭҫȥӼ࣬Щɻ󣺡ٵ㣬ȥӼࣿ
ҫҧҧԥƬ̣ףǼҺٸĸˡ
ĭȻ֪˵˭ǵ̫û뵽Ѿ˵ˣûκȻ˵Ӧȫ׼ҫٸİȫӦݡ
Ǻ𣿡ĭöһʣϵ̬Ⱦ֪̫̬ȣ˼ŮɼŮµѪȻ䱦
ǺܴˣҺٸĻ˹ȥҫյĳ棬£Ҳҿĸްи̣ٸˡǣĸҲף۰ǵġ
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ϼȻףǲҫٸҪ뿪ˣ˵ʵЩᣬĺӣΪ˼ҵˣʧǼٵġ
ҫĭ˼ο׷ģĸ;˾ϻǣҲ뿪㡣
ĭ̧ͷҫ溬΢Цģ
ȻģѾͻ˵ˡҲӦˡҫĭҲˣ׹Ȼ۰ǵģ뿪
ĭûȵ϶ҫٸһ벻ŵģ˲ǱˣĹϷˡ
ȥͰͰ˵ˣ˵Ͱˣھǿ佱˵Ͱݣһ֪ǹ˼ҵ֣˼ҵֱ̼֮ӣ̫ͳƵġ
ϷҲҪˣҪҹѯʣֹˡ
˵ݲҪӣǰѹۣȰѺӽӻһг˶֣˭Ҳ޸ı䣬粻ͬҲҪͬ⡣Ҳñ˿Ц
Ϸһ룬˵ò޵һҲԸȣձˡţΨΨŵŵģҺа壬һܰѺӴȥ
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ҫ˭ӣ¹ĳӣָĭߣҲɫɫˣֶΣ治壬еļԣ˵ϲڵĻҳɫĵ˵˲ʶǲʶ׸յƣйӦЩġ
⻰ʱðɡ򣬴磬ūţȻ˵ǴġȵȣףǰĺӽǼ-ףѵĭĺӡ
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˼Ѫҫüͷ΢壬ŹϷ˵һ㺮˪ֵ˶ʲô˼Ѫʹˣǳɵ˰ɡҹ˼ѪȥǰǺ⣿
ۼ䣬Χ£˲ˣʶϷ˵ģ֣洽͵ЦǸɲֳݻС
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һĻסˣϷӸҳƵڶû˳Ƶһ˵޾ͿޣҪǮƵġ
⣬Ҳſ˵ĸӣ˼ɼźӵ˾ͣӺӻȥ⣬һ涼졣
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ҫ߳ŭȴָ͹Ϸ˵Ǻ˵ǰ롣ҽʮһ꣬ܵܽ꣬ѪѪˣһõĽǲǾˣŶթǮƣˣ
ڰ˵ʲô˵ʲôڲ˫̥¡
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ҫ״⣬ּϷ˿޵ÿ͵͵šһѣˮʱߵӣſֵȺ˹ֵһŮˣ¿֮أһܵܵܿǣ
ˮ׳Ǯȶٰգſȥ˭˲֪ˣ˶Ĵָˮ߷ģײ߲ݣѦҽүүƳߵķӣֺͼһסߣס˽ϰյô壬޲޵µˡУõˡһһ˵Χ˶ݡ
Ҳ˵ϵ£Ҳ֪ˣȴ֪ǰˡҫôһ˵תˣԹϷ˵Ǽ˺꣬⺢ʮһˣôǼҵĺӣţö۰
ǣǣǺˣ¾ûкˣӵӣȰˮ֮Уǹ˼𣿡
ǹ˼ʲôѽҪծһѺ֣ĵģ񻹼ǵء
⾩ߣοгˣǾͶˣծһĿ
ҫʹ飬Ĩڹ˼ң˵ĭβףĳĳʲô£϶νˡĨĭǿĭûϵĶ裬Ǿû飬Ѷ˵ˣ
˭˵ǻ飬ǻòͷ𣿡ɤϸϸɤԶ
Ϸ̱ڵϣһˣͲĻӺˣŮǺ޹ϸ
ҫһˣ΢΢šһ£રવίغһôˣ
ҫôˣ˭۸ˣۼңۼĲޣ̫￴ˣء޵øһūŶۣο̫˼ҡ̫ߵҫǰϧӻͳΪҫᣬСģڲһ䱦
ϷԻҡ

5858

ҫɲŹ𾪾У˵Ļһ˿Ҳʣ
Ҫѽ˵Һ͵ܵǹ˼ѪҪǴߡ˭Ѫ̫ͻҫҭţ۾ƳϷˣģίˡ
̫̫ˣȻ֪ҫݣ̫ͷ⣬ίȻˣҲ˳ҫȥĿɤ˭ôĵӣ˵ǹ˼Ѫµ̫˼顣
Ĵ˿ٺһƬһƬڻտһ֪ӵݣ̫ߵ̫඼мӣ϶һˡ
ǺݣܴġⲻҪģҪǽǰ鷳
мСҵϷˣܵ﹬е̫æϴǳ޶ۣϴˣλ̫ˡ
˵ʱָߵѾʹ˸ɫѾ߻⣬æͳһĹĵĺɰ̫С񿪿ڵλ񸾵Ĵ񸾸ССԭ£һ⣬СĪҪȥС
Χ˶ţҫҲþŲţϾĵΪӣҲܡ̱ҪȡԳ׽̵з
ɣ˵֪߲Ӻܸһ鸾һʶҫ󷽣ɰУҪӣôգ˵ȼþ;ȼˣȱҵ죬ҪӣôףǴ׵أؿ㲻ƽϣΪδȦףֺγޣĻݺ߰ɣҲ뿴ǡ
Χֿʼָ˵˼񶾣ƶׯ󷽣װġ˵ĺҲװģ˵ŵķ֣˭֪ǲ˶ԣűġˣӾͳӣǺүټļҵӵġ
ҫ־ķϣܣ֮ĸ֪ܿ޲ɱҫ̫ͻϻţҡ
ͣҫס̫˵Ļں²ʲ£ܼˡ
ҫҲôרҵģ
ūŷּ̫ܲ˽һ𡣹ҲУ̫ˡϲɫϷ˶˼ֱģСӽȥ̫У̫ղŻ߶أھȥҲ̫˼ҾõȲǣ϶ſ˻ҫݡ
˭̫ߵ̫඼ϹϾ˿ĭǸˣ̫ӣǺε١
ţȥסҫܽڡ
ţĭ߸ܽغɡ
ҫ߼ܵĭߣڣĭʡ
˵˼ҵˣΪ㣿´ҫ²Էġĭ˵˴¾ˡ
ף¡ҫҡͷЦˣ̫һɡ
ĭӦһãҫ⣬¹ٵˣǰʩǸùõˣ񸾵Ĵ
ֱ̫ЦۼҸһæۼͻȻһҲӦõģ̫˼ҸĶ飬ۼҽ׼׵ˣ͸ۼ߰ɡ
ĭҫһﳤȥѹûûϷ˺·ҫѹϷ˵˵ˣ˵ζսϷˣ󣬷·һʤսɲһʤ𣬹˽գ˼ҾҪˣҲĿŵҪˡ
ӻǰУܿ쵽˻ʹ߽ţǰͣӣĭҫӣ̧ţӺ̫̩͹δ빬ţйŮ̫ӭˣЦǿˣ̫һˣղŻ߶ţūǳǾˡ
ĭ˽ΣҫŸ첲ŹŮ̫̫׵ϣΣҫһ˽æӭ˼ĭ˸ǰ׼ʱһѱ̫ץס֣úӣ񣬾ƾչҫٸݹͣһҪиء
˵̫ۿʪˡŮԶףܾ磬һ涼δڹܾ裬һ·֣ûŮǵ
û̫ҫٸ׷ɱ£ֱ˵ӳʹһ·֣ĭ˲Ϊӡ
񲻿ɷϡĭ
֪֪ҫٸ̵úܺá̫ǣĭ£˾Ͷ߶߶ȥٵط¼ٰɣҲҽ
Ǳ໤ĭءĭ̫ټ˭˸ĻҲ͹˼Щ۵ڶˡ
ĸҫͽǳʱģءҫû׷Ź˼ңǽϷ˺ŵ˵ˡ
̫ˣҲ֪ҫƫ̻ĭҲ˫̥£һЦһʼѪ˼Ͼ£д
˵̫վڵ⣬̫ŭҲ´̤ͼӴ׵̫û˼ǸӺСӣǹ۸ˣ޵ǽһġūȥʱһȺ˶Źָָ㣬Ҫǹӻ飬˻ȥ֪ôءˣǻ˵顣
̫˲Ȼŭؿָŵ⣺ˣˣѽȥʵҵ뿴˭ǵĵӣұŻʵ۵Ĳǡ
ҫ˳̫䣬ɫΪѣĸ˰ɡҫѾѵˣֻҪײίҫͬЩ֪˼ƽϡ⻰˵ģТ˳̫ͨһͿԺָӡ
ȥʱҲĸ첲οĸЩίʲôֻҪȻλ̫λã㼴ҪµҲգһۡ
ʱŮԹģȻͷͻˣЩţʵȥˣ뵽̫ۿˣԸ̫ࣺѻʵ۽˵Ŀʹַˡ
ʵ̫ɼӣ˾䰮ǶذɣƲ´۵С۵ĳǣ̩͹ˡδ̤Ϲеĸˣ̫ҽ
С̫شһ䣺̫ﲻá
ˣĸˣ̫ҽȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽδ䣬Ѿ̤̫ףĭһԣҫҲһߣؿ
֪̫⣬ڰִ̫๬ŮȥŵһԷɣĸ尲
ˣˡ˳ʣ̫鵱Ŷӵޣʵûס뵽ºίľͳۡ
ĭæó̫ᣬο̫ӹǲãˡҫٸõˡ
ҫҲæȰ˵һ䡣
ϻˣüѯʣôˣ£ĸᣬԣֶµĺӡ
۸Ҳ֪ܹܡ̫ɻһֵ
ҫûǰ˵ˡ
ϻĿһɣŵ⺰һţȥ޹
С̫ȥˡ
϶̫Цĸģҫٸ׾˾ˣίҵţʰǡ
᲻֪ҫ⣬Ǽţĭء̫Ҳ˻ô˼ҡȻԸ˳ˮ飬ֺ￪ģĭģܰһãȻˡ
ϼ̫޴󰭣ڴˣĭú̫˵˵
ĭҲӣֺ̫˵˻Ự̫Ҫĭס죬ĭ˵ʮи磬˳ɻ飬Ѿ˵ˣòȥ̫Ű˷ų
̫ҫס¡ҫҪȥӼ飬ʹӼԶز㣬˵˿ձ̫󲻵òͬ⣬˶ˣͰܲ
ĭҫӵ˹ſڣ½ӿһˣЩȴ֮еˡ
˲Ǳˣǹݡմӹϱ˴£˸Ѫͷʱɶͷأ񿴼ĭҫ
ҪŮݲܰί
ĭȥݺסĭפ㣬ͷȻһۣүкηԸ
㣬ݲ֪˵
ûҪ˵ˡĭתߣֻһԲǹ˵ģĭת񿴹һŹݣϡ棬߸ϵҲеǸʱ򣿡
ݶĭգˣûյųۣŴˣĸţʵڲ֪飬һԼǵġԭ¡
ĭΪѹݣйǣȻ˾䣺ϣسŵ˵ҫ˦ݣʻݵߡʹſפ㣬ԵЩį
ݸջصǰҶٸĿԡҶٸпŭɱ⣬ɱ˭
겻ţŲơ
ϡͣûǴжûˣ˰ɣⲽҶٸǰЦΪһŮˣҲҪˣ»бҶٸĵ
㵱治֪ΪβţҶٸһȭִЦҲ֪ǳЦݣǳЦԼֹͣ˽ϵѩ׺Ƥ멣̧ۿң૵ǿԣһӶԸ̤ΪҶġ
ŷ˺ҫ۸ˣҲ
ץסҶٸ죺ʲô˼Ҳ磿ȻԸΪ̤أ
Ҷٸݵ֣ϵ䣬СЩӦĺĸףʮǰʲôûǱֵܣΪγƣ˫̥Ҳ˰ɡ
ɫһ٣㵣ʲô˼
ѵֵܲɣܣôֵܣҲе˵ĸµ˫̥ĺûˣôܻţ
ԣӻš
ǰĸȥ˾ҪֹҶٸȢĭҲ֪˸ĸ˵ʲôĸٲҶҵ£ֹҶٸ£ڸнһСáÿһʮ嶼ȥСõ档ǰףȫˣĸײΪˣΪǷʮСӰɡ
Ҷٸŭ⣬߽Ϸ˵Ժӡ
˸˿Ҷٸˣ·˹һӶûˣϷַˣҲϵţôˣӵӣҪвõ鷢ˡ
Ϸ˿Ҷٸ㵣Ͱ͵㣬㣬㡭ĻôҲ˵ڡ
ܲ죿ҶٸվֱֱؿұģЩ̫֣Ҳò
ǿԣһӲԸ̤
ΪϣϷ룬ϴž뱯ȻΪǸŮˡ

5959

Ҷٸߡ֪ʡ
Ϸ˰Ǵ򷢳ȥֻʣҶٸˣŻڣɤдŲɣɣݶĺӣŮҪ𣿡
ǰ֪ҶٸĶӣѾЭˣҶٸȢ˭Ȣ˭ɣ˭Բأ϶˱˵ĺӣôҪŮ˶ǣΪεϡ
Ҷٸû𻰣⺰һϷҲ˰ɣˡ
ݱվſڣҶٸԼ̧ŽɫȻؿŹϷˣҶٸϣӿԲ԰ףԼмƣǰź˳ۣۡ
Ҷٸ˵˵ɣӾ˭˼ûйϵżֳ
죬֪˵Ϸ˻ʲô׵ģӿ϶ǹݵģǲǶӵģ˭ģϺӳǽδǰ͵ˣԽԽ
ˣҪȥŸϷҧгݵǰ˱񣬱ָָ㣬ǻŭԹ޴йͻƿڣ͵ˣ̫ͻϻҲҪܵͷ
ϷԡҶٸθ࣬ûŪ״¶ۣСһǰһĻôˣûϵ㡣˺޹йǱĺöӣˣĺöϱ
Ϸ˸ɻ󣺡ϻ˱˵ĺӣкιϵͣһҶٸ֪ϲϣҲܰԼ
϶ддϣǸ˵Ĵ
Ҷٸݲشֱӵҵġ
һ仰ƽؾףùϷ˾þ޷񣬾㵵ӵɵԲϴżֲţôôܣ
Сϱȳ²֣ôܣܵģүһ˸Цֻˡ
ġݵͷͣ͵ϳɻ󣬲þȥ˱߹أʤҲˣһ㣬ҾñװңġҡˡԣǶʱ丮Ǳ硣
ȹ˵꣬ϷָҶٸı˶Ůˣɩӣôң
Ҷٸһۣȡ壬ܷѻꡣҪȻ˵ĺöϱءΪӵĴҩϡͿ˹ϵһԷأûһҹΣܾڷ˸ǰ̧ͷ
ݵ˵ףϴͷβܺߡ
Ϸ˾һѣΣûʵǺӳǽ˰̥һתôܺˡ
Ҷٸ˼Ļ᣺ѾŪˣҲϣ˴ŷ˵徻ڹϷϣ֣صҷ鷳ҲԳ֡δ䣬ת߳š
ϷؿȥֻһʡǾԲ㣬ںôҲ˵ҶٸĽŲнԶϷ˲ŷޣʣˣԲ㣬Բ㰡
ĸףˡһԣ§ļοҪ鲻ǿޡҽһѵ⣬˵ȥôһ£Ȼôᱻѵ⡣
Ͳó裬껹ôˣСЬ˲٣Ҷٸţ类˲ˡ
û֣ҲԹԹϷ²Ǻ
ϵûϿУ˽ðͽỹأﵹã˼ҵĻںˣ˸Цһ٣ݶ뵽糯βˡμҲϣãλǱסˡ
ϷԹޣŹݣҲԹңΪҺӲ㣬˵ˣһҪ𡣡˵Ҳǹ˼ѪѲڹ˼ˡ
ʹ𣬶۲˵ӻѵˣĴϷ뵽˴溰һϽл˵
˵ѾߴӦһȥˡ
Ϸ˲˲ᣬԹ㿴Ȣһʲôϱһ฾ޣŪǷǵı²Сְ˵Ļ˵һ顣
ѹֱ뿴Щĸ̫ΪôҵûйҲпͣܡ
Žѵϱ쾭壬ﲻʣݴ˹Ϸ˳
ݸջصԼԺӣվԺſڣһСʯӣԵ¡Ŷӷ˶ģ΢΢üЩ𾩶ĴԣӲϲȻûȥѧãʲô
⻰ŵһ飬ʶԼӿˣı飬վԭһ·ŵһ㣬ľګغסյĿģŹȥͷСңһҪ顣
ʲô£˫ֱĵ
ʱ谮ģˤˣ»ˣֹϵʲôʱأǴֿʼԴʼ
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жݾ֣¶ԺŮ˾ûͣġ
˴ӦҽⶾˡܸܲЩӣմ״ʵģҲ˼ѽⶾžһϣžҸҪӵġ
ͷҪ٣ȥ˷֧ɡ˵ͳһƸǸúӣ飬ǰˡָȥӼ࣬˵ҫҲڹӼࡣ
Ӷ֪Լжˣ׵öʧܡԺЩŮˣһˡ
ŶлЦݸҫۣСҲÿ˲٣żֿɰ
񱻽еϷԺУδھͱϷѵһ٣˵䣬ñ˺áҲ֪Լ£ϴ
ϷͿˣ¼ҵˣӱѵ⣬Ҫ֧֣ʲô¡Ƿǣʲôһٺֱ˾䣺үʣѡʱɡ
ȢȢˣҽˣҲǸѡ
ˣֻһ£ôܺͺү룬ȥ
ɲĭǵŮи״Ԫ磬ĸ²ٶ㱻ϳȥҲơ
¼ұңˣֳ׵ܣ뿪Ҷգ뿪
˵жӣѾˣǺӣиףǰ̻һˡȨףתת̧ͷϴźϷ˵Ҫ𣿡
ҰԼСˣʹҪع˼Ѫͺүۺүѵ⣿ˣϡ̫һھ֮ءϷҲ֪أûϺ̫󿴵⣬¼Ҿǹ˼ҵǰ֮
֪Ϸ¶ҪߣҲԸ磬˫ȭգʮǰϷһӣӻϣǱ֪£ôϷˣô˼ң˵ʳӣһĸףүھ𣿡
⻰дŨŨв
Ϸ˲ţô֪Ѿȥ֪꣬ǵ֪ģ
ЦЦ뾩˶֪үˣʱɲң
㡭Ϸָһ仰û˵һֱӻ˹ȥ
лҪ˵ˣе٣첻ֵ࣬ϣ¡

6060

һȤ£Цɱϱĸзˡһʮʮ٣һ򲻹ЩµĭҲ֪ˡ
ЩʱĭҩҩоҩʶԼԺһҩҩġҩҩõĹһӦȫо˼չŵĶ
ĭѾҵ˷Ƴҩ˵Ϸзˣĭܲ졣
ϷŴ֣ʮ㣬зǰףô˵ззˡ
ѵлʲôԭίĭҩ¡
±˵ĭʣȤǣͲ㵸ˣ˵Ǳϱģ̫ҽԺ̫ҽȥ˺üûأū澾ǳҪ󵽷ǧӿѽŷĥˡҪܳôЩͷǰ컹ҷ˵鷳أҪū˵ǸϣҲûûƤ
¼ĭæҩûв廰˼Թ˵˵С㱻͵ׯȥˣû뵽Ҳн졣
˶Сƶׯƽ⡣СƤǣ֪ʲôʱͻҧһڡ
͵ׯȥˣĭѯʣʲôʱߵģ͵ׯϣ
Ļǵ˺ˣô׷֣
ū澲Ҫȥһ𣿡¼ĭҩˣæҩãӰǸҩ
Ǹģȥĸׯϡĭ˲ֳȥںʱСչˣˣҲҪػһ£Ա⡣
ǹػ侮ʯ
¸һϲūȥˣܴ
˵ճԺӣܽˣĭǰ΢΢һ񣺡ˡ
ĭһ룬֪⣬µȥҩϣȥ
Щ˶ţĥˣ˻ΪҪū˵ж񱨣ЩıӦ˿컯ֺαع
ĭЦЦ˵ҽ߸ĸģҷʲôˣֵ˵µüģҲͰĸһܼȣϷһҪȵġ
ʲôҲ֪ˣһ˰̫ˣŲŸ˼õ˿ԼúãҲһֱĭԹϷ˼ҵı
ҽҩ䣬ʱĭݼˣǸмĭҪΪŸⶾǳǷǣԲǰ˺޷ֲӽԺ¾Ǻ¡
ĭǰ棬פͷһۣҵļлϵķݣǺţ˵Ҳͷɫѿ·һ裬Цһö˶˵ϷôͻȻзˣʲô̼ʮ㣬ô˵ззˡ
ҳ󲻿ݵ
ĭƲƲ죬Ϸ˵ԺȥɤСˣˡҲ˰ˡ
˵ϷסӣҲ֪˵ǹӲģɢŵζĭͳסӣüϷȻˣҲ˵Ҫʻ
ϷȻзˣȴбȴʹĭصҲ֪Ǽǿ顣
ĭץϸϸͦأҲûΣҪʩ룬Ҳ֪ϲһ㲻ۣβǡ
⻰Բ˵ĭŻŻϷˣĵѣĭܲ
ֻҪκãԸΡݿһ۴ϵĹϷˣЩ̣Ϊĸ׺ãòӦ̫ҽԺ̫ҽˣû˸ұ֤ãĭ˵κãȻԡ
ĭڣϷ˷ŵȻڿ顣ĭһ֮æʲôʱʼΣ
ĭߣóīֽ⣬һдҩһһҪȥ׼һհɡҿЩҩȳšҩǿĹЧҲʩ롣ܿдҩݸݣץҩȥɣһ룬һΣȻЩ࣬Ҳ֪ҩڲ
ϷҩЩ࣬ŵĿһĭ˿ڣĭӶˡֻ
֪ĭǹģ֪Բ˿ĶҪҩϾǹģڱܿˣһĭ޳ܵСˣǹġ
ݴ˴ҩߵˣȥץҩϷ̾Ϣһͣɡ
ĭ˽ϷˣҡͷЦЦˣǿء
ʰҩ䣬۾ʱʱϵĹϷˣǽ
ĭӻͳһƿϣ˺үǸŵĽҩԽģȻ˺͸ɡ˶׵Ӧ֪ɡ
ͷϵĴƿȥ򸮸磬Ÿˡлл㡣
лʲôôһǴҽ߸ĸģҲȡĭȻ
ȥ˷֧һǧӣĭ򸮡
²ЦˣˣûϷ˵ķӦǰˣҪ룬ҩ۾͸ˣʹ졣
ĭбһۣɽˣ
һŵˣˣһ¡
ĭóͣ£ƿӳ濴ȥŷ˶һȳһȳģ߽ˣĭſһһ飬üͷ壺ôˣ˭ˣ
ܹңҲСԼˤãǧҫǣûϵ
ĭʲô׵ġ
ϷŴ֣ӿ˹šҲǸС˾״ˡ
ʵĭˣ治Ǹ״ֻǲĭҫˡ
Ϊ˵ĭͲҫⲻ֪˵ĭ֪һ˵ڣҫܲˡ
żĭ˵ͷ󺹣ԼˤġˣҪҡ
һһȥ˽ӣ˭֪û˽ӣͱҫٸͰסˡŲ죬ǻϲΪҫ棬æʣҫң
䣬ҫһĽţŲ˼ˤ˸ƨɶףûӦͰϣȭͷϡﻹţ۸ף㣬㣬ӣ֮Ļ
һĻǰơԽ⣬ͰȭͷԽסٸҲţǼҲҪҲ磬ȻһδһΡ
֪鷳ˡˣҫܵ뿪ͽŸԳҲȥ˽ˣֱӻؼңջԶԶĭһҲ׷

6161

ĭؼҺʲôҲûżӻֱʱ֣ӽȥĭԺӣ˲Ժһ֪ĭǡ
ҫٸһۣƽʱҩҩģôˣڵǻˣѵ¶ˣܣ¶Ҳûô졣
ҫҲɣսżĭףƽûһ˿Ц⣬￩һ¡
ҫ̤ŵĽ˻վԣСʣ¹ùã׽ȥ
ƲЦſһڣֶҫգգۡ
ҫ¶ͰСȥȹϴ
Ͱͷ˾䣺סǺСӸ״ˣðǶˣȻ״´һһݵġ
ĭվſڣǰ⺰һ
ҫٸͰü˳Ŀ߽ȥĭڣվһ£ͬף֪ˡ
ĭǣδڡ
ҫٸͰ̲ס̧ͷĭֱֱǣֶͷ·ˡ
ѹô룬˭̫ˣĸծӳĸͼĸ˴ӦóеΡ
˵˵ɣǶʲôĭ豭һڲ衣
ǲҹŵ鷳ȿڡ
Ӧôˡ˵
ҫֵҵĴȸ˹һĽţҪͷҰɣܵûϵͷ
ٸæֹǸĴҵע⣬Ҫͷң𷣸͵ܵܡ
ͰæͣͶһԿˣû֣֡
Ȼ֪ˣҪһܳͷŰɣˣǺú÷ʡʡʲôʱ֪ˣʲôʱٽҡĭߡ
谮ӣ簮ΪһС¾ʹˣˣӵܣ˼ҵͰ˴һ١ֱӵıʽкιϵαǨŭһӡ
һѱסĭȣ޺ţףˣҲˡ
ĭվӸ¿סĳ嶯úùţ´ξͲˡʦ书Ϊǿ壬ͼǵãǿҲóȥЦ𣿡
קȹڵֻɿСҭţĭĭٿֱ߳ȥſڴͣ˭ҪǸ͵͵ͳԵģͺһš߳⻰˵¼ãÿκ£¼ס
ҪһѵлϺ̫ӳǻ졣⼸޷죬ҲҶٸС͹ǲԿ˼롣
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¸ĭӦһǣͷһۼСӣϾǲֻ̣е棬ϣ˸Ͽ
ׯӵ´𣿡ĭûͣͷһ¡
ˣû̫Զھׯϡµ
ʱ˸ɣ׳Ļ
һ磬ȥĭ
ĭҫ˳Ȼˣɻ˸Ҹͷ
ܽؿҫ˶ӣ洫˸ţҶٸҶٸ᲻öͰǰ˶ҩӹǲźһЩôܶš
ҶٸԸַ壬ЩɿڷʳĸȥʷΪγͷǣʵ˵ˣҶٸҡͷʧЦ⼸ӣûǣ֪ŷˡ
ҲͷˣͻȻһ뿪⼸Ҳܻŷˡ

ַһʳ̤ҫٸҫڵء
һһ˵ķֱꡣ˻ͷַֻʳУȼ˿ڡַ߽ʳзϣһһ򿪣ЦŵСˣҸǴʲôˣ
һһֻռһ̽ţ⡣мһزˣһŨɫ׺ɫлɷǺÿ
ſˮҲŹһ£ȥһȣԼûϴ֡
ʱܽضһˮϴϴϴ˺óԷ
ҫٸͰһѷΧȥϴɾΧ£ԣ̻ʳﻹš
Ŷóԣһھ֪ùõաҫ
óԣóԡҳһᣬͰٸų˼ȸܵܡ
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Ҳҧһڣ۾΢΢𣺡лл磬ˣţҪллַ塣
ַóС룬ʢԣҭˡ
δ䣬ĭ洫ˣó𣿡
סҫٸͰѰȥʳﶼʡˣ״סˡ
ˣһΰɣҸղҲѵˣǶ֪ˡַǰЦ
ӵͷ᣺ףҶҲˡ
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⼸Ҷٸţǵĵô˾ʹˣ
ַ뿪صԺУͰĭ˵ĻѧҶٸ
ҶٸôӴе飺ʲô˼ĺûүһӣһԣ⻰˵ּֿԸͣ
˺󼸲ʵүڷҫٸǻϵͰǺүĺӣûϵһһһ
⻰ֱǴҶٸķιϡŭˣûжҹȥȽѾûӰˡ
ַ㵹˱Ҷٸӹе飬СЦ˵үⶼˣҲðѷȢؼˣƯܸɣģ۾أҪٳһ˾ͲҶˡ
˭үǽǣҶٸúˣ͵ؿԼ
˭Ұ¥ˣַѡ
¥ǧȻѾɻˣԼǹŷأǺ
δ䣬ĿɽǻϣҽͻᣬׯǼӵˣŸСƵģֲСɬֳĵķϡЩǴҪؼǷ۲ƣ˶ܿ˵ļֵ˭ԸŹôһѽ
ЩʵҲַ˽ġѾͷȻ˵˲ˣҲһӲˣⲻһӹ
Ҷٸ˳˼ַ˵Ļ޵Ǹ취ѷȢˡһи۵ģףû۾Ӧأ
ַҶٸ˼Ȼ˳ȥźת棬һĴָ취ǸģȻֱֱȥ˵ʱʹ
үȢ˷ˣҲֵȢϱˡ
ĭԴ˺֪顣峿ͼһ˷ߺǣ³š
ʱׯϡ
ĭ˿յţµŰɡ
ǰţһӣŴֲѣڣдž⣬ˣ̽ͷѯʵ˭
Ȿׯӣǰոһλˣ쳳ҪȥûкӵӲҷˡ˿̻ΪǽӺ˻ȥġ
ҼˣүѾˡ°һƸӣӲʶ֣ʶϵĻƣû
ĭ뿪һƣѹӵˣҿûŪû뵽óˡ
Ӵţ΢΢һƣĭԺӡ
û߽ţĺЩūţΪ˲ںͲˣһ챾˻ȥЩ۵ūŷȥ
ĭⲽڣվ䣬˿ſڴϣͷɢ󺰴еģ񲣬Ĺɡ
ôǸ߸ϵĺҲ򷢵ׯˡ˵ëķ˲缦ҽʶˡĭɫݣ΢΢ɤ͸ֻӯһһ˵ǰ
˿˰ӣſڴϣĭǾӸµӡ
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ĭȻһЦߵ鷢۵󣺡ɲЦ˵ǸôԸƵׯˣ߸ϵĺˣⲽأеҡ
ҧ̧ͷĭģ޲ó㻹һֱҺõȥһźӵŮˣܱҺõȥ
ĭʹ˸ɫ°˰ѵӸĭԶּͬؿҾ͸ú÷һ£֮кβͬ
Ϸ˱з磬үŭڴİӣְϵׯʹܻغһڴ˰ӵĸкſԡˣʱĸŮ̫ƽ˵ӣ׷Źĺ˵ĺӻ᲻Ϊڶţ¶ΪҲء
ĭͣһ£ֵһﴵͷ磬ˣĺӵýΪĸסҵĺܹĺףʵĲ𡣡
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ĭȴ⣬жү֪ˣǲĲҪģҪǺүˣ㣬᲻ı⣬İ͵ׯҲ˵ⱲӶܻغˣֻׯǴء
סڣ˵ˡޣ˻
ĭ벻⣺ܲˣ㺦ʱԼнա¼ҵˣû֧֣ף˵㣬ԱûУܲܳ˻Ǹδ֪ءʵֵ֧ģϧͥ㲻ףȻܰһѡ
⻰£ĭ˺ãһվ£ֻҪж¾ƨɣհ˰ӣ΢һ¶۵ȥȥļ¡
ĭǰˣֻǿţĭͥҧǸųңҾͲˡ
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ܻ֪ͥţβͣ³ԣһܿλڶ֮Уơ㿴˶ãڸоΣǲǺܱĭ
ǸȻţܡҡͷţһֱŲܣܵġ
м֪ܲ½㿷֮ޣͣȢͥҲϻ˽գ¼ͥˡһ仰ͥĴ㡣
ǰ˴Žͥʯͷȥ¤һΪݼĸΪûؽҸĸĶʱĭѻ͵ĽƸ˽ˣӣҲûˡ
˵࣬ĭҲˣȥ˵Щ񣬵ʱӵϢ
˶Ǵ֮ˣ֪ϢĿ
ţĭߣѻ˵ʲôͥǸ׵ԭӣٵģһǼٵģͥһģô˵ճģԭģⲻܵġ
ͥ˶ֻ꣬ͥãͶ̥ŵõ˺͸׵ĿУԭ顣
ܲʵ
ĺУĭᣬߵվԿŵӵ֪࣬úչ֪˵ÿ¸ӣϢҲǮ
Ӽͷмллʹ͡
㿴ˣλĲͣǮ֣׵أǮҲü˺ù
ĭͷڣ˹ԼҲرǡ
Ҫĺǣһ٣ٶ׷Źִ˻ߵĽкĭȥĭѾ߳Ժˡ
ص򸮣δţſվżˣЩİţﻹţǼҲĹٻ֮ңһѾ檣̧ǣȻۿ˵ͣʶ̧٣д
Ѿߣ檣ĭ²˵ݣüǰɫôˣ
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ڸӣҲӣţΪķԸ˵һǼүҪɶѩΪ檣˭֪˵⣬ͱܽغɸ˳
ܽغĭæţ׼ӭĭȥ
˵˵⡣ĭɤżŭɫ
иѾͷʲôѩģүϲѾͷϷɶѩΪ檣ҵ˵һֺģ·𿴲϶ѩҲǣŴСҲǸ٣ƷӼѧڱǲڸ˿ݲˣȴֵ̼ĭݸ߳ࡣ
һѾܸү檣Ҳ̧ʶʲء
Ϸģү֪ĭһĨЦ
Ȼ֪ġҲشĭЩԣ͵͵ĭۣѯʣǣ
򸮵ĵҷˣүߵѾΪ檣Լ˵ĭ仰ȥԸ˸Һߣ۵Ķ
ӵ˵һѡ
һ˼ûðɣ㣬㡣
»ͷ˸ۣ㣬㣬ʲô㣬ȥţѩΪ檣ġΪ˹٣򸮾۸
һš˿ŽյĴţ΢Ƭ̣򸮴˿ĭޣʲôǸ̵ģǵĸһѾߣҲǣ
ܽת뿪ţҪ˺ӵ죬Һ
ĭסܽأЦЦʱҫǸû˰ɡ
ɿ˿죬ͷӦ˾䣺Ӧûˡ
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ͰҲ³һմؾܹһһߣӵСȥ㳯Ҽ¿ˮˣŸɾɾ뿪
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ĸǵͨ죬ȥҶӡ
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ĸһϹͷȻ˵˼ڰ֣ɫЩ㲻֪ҶϲѩѾͷ˼ѾͷϣˣϲҪˡ
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жҾ͵ǰ;ȥһѾͷޣҼͬ⡣˱˸ޣһҪǡ
ĸδ˵꣬ڴס죬ϻ̳ϿֻΧһ־壺Ϲ˵ʲôǸФ̫Ǿöӵ;̫˳
Ϊô˵ĸÿӵ֣ۺɡ
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ĭ߷ϣ˵˾䣺߰ɡ
ĸĿĺԣѩǸ۵ģﻹˣĸһһ󣬶ѩɵѾͷ˵ʹӦˣ檣ѾͷҲϲ檵ġ
ܽشӦһȥ
ĸһĭӲʣ֪ĭԸԼԼĿģЦݳ֪ǾʶȻӲʣҸӦÿǡ
ذɣЪϢҪûʱдϡܽƤЦⲻЦ˫еЦⲻ۵ףվſڣӸĸƿСһ㡣
Ҫĸģö˶˽ʲô˭̫ǻʺЩ˵еһүﻹûһ̸˵ͼģĸܽƭ˵Ż
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ܽعôѲ֪ۼҪӭӣϴĹ΢Цһ÷һž͵ܽظǰˡ
ܽع˲ĸ򹫹ֹôÿˣ
ֹǸˣ֪˵̫أλӸ̫ļ⣬ֺĭ۾һƲĸôˣҲ𣿡Ǽĸһơ
ϴּʱ̫ǰʵʵ˵̫ˣ֪ģλ֣̩͹̫ˡС̫˭һܹܡ
ĸһǹ̫࣬ŵļ˲ھ켣꣬ҲܿŵЦӲʣ͸ˣˡδ䣬Ѿ߳һСȥܿ죬ЩͣȻֹ鷳βˡ
ֹ״ЦЦܽӭš
̫ˣСѾ߽ȥˡ
ĭ֪̫ߵĹˣе飬ȹӭӣߵǰԺֹѾƷˣĭæϲˣϲˡ
ĭɻ󣺡ϲӺ
ֹּ̫ܲݵĭУ̫ϷΪŮΪƷϻʼ뺣ĸѽּۼҾͲˣԼɣǽۼһٸӣۼҲƭѽ
ĭӹʥּչƣȻʥּ˼̫ΪŮϷΪƷϻʼ뺡

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ĸҲϢк²ѣҵûֳЦȻǵ˻׹ݣ
ŷ˽ҩĭ˵ķʳͣǿ˶Ȼȥˣ߰쾹ȻʮԲ¶°ͣϵķûˣҲˣ·Ҳͷˣ˭ЦǺǵģȻǳá
գ䳡˹ܿܿˣ֣ôˣ
ԴӹŽ֮󣬰ȥǰԺûţóĬˣ۸ؼһ˵
ܿæź񶷣Ҳ˹ţĹϵˡԣܿԹŵһ֪
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һĬϵֱŤ
ſڴεľ棺ĸˣ˵˸룬ȥɡ˵ˡ
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һǰһϷԺУ̧ۼݴڳź͹ܿǰʹϷ˵
Ѿʩˣü룬кתĸ۰ǣҲȥɣйȥæˡ˵Ժӡ
ܿ͹Žݣŵһζ΢΢üһԵ֣ע࣬ŽңϷڴϣ۾бǰպЩ΢ģץס֣ĸˣôЩ𣿡
ϷżҲ֪˵ЩʲôܿЩ΢΢ü˳Ϸ˿Уŵġ
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ŻͷŹܿ㣬Ƕڵĸ֪ҲףҲ㣬Ҿ룬ûˣûȥׯϣûк͸׺룬ȻǵļĸĶׯͻݣһһЦ᲻ǣͣһֵ㣬Һˣҫٸڷ˸ǰҪʲôʲôҾͺˣûߣҫһжҵģʱҲмˣ˶Һᣬ˵ĿĲģԶЩˣʱ򼵶ʵķ񡣡
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ĭ˰ɣٲȣҿɲˡ
ҶٸתƵһ𣿡
ĭ׹ӿ࣬ЩЦǴˣҲͰһݸ--ĺɰֻʣ㣬ȫóҩԵ㣬ζһЩ
пζҲáҶٸüеҩһݸĭû̧ȥɫ֪ʲô
ĭпζҲã˰ҩʱ
ʳᷳҩʳ˵ģҲϲҩˣϲҩǲòȣۿ飬˳չžһҶٸϡ
Ҷٸˣסĭ򣺡ôˣĪޡҩֻǿЩҲѺȡ
ĭߵӣҲ˵ĻÿҩĭʱſĪޣҩֻǿЩѺȣܡ
£ֻ뵽˰ҩʱ򡣡ĭƿҶٸָ£ȥߵˮ
ҶٸһýΪãС·ڲһ޼֮
תѣҶٸΪĭᣬ˫ۣԺʣףôˣ
ĭ˺һҡͷûޣɳӴ۾ˡ
ۿˣǿˣ˵ɳӽ۾ˣЦĻѻǴƭСģףҶСˣƭҡһ˫֣ѹꡣһС˵ģ
ĭһЦܻܵδѣôˣ
μҵĺɰˡղŵΣɰȻˣһ飬ûУȻˣ˭͵ҵĺɰ滹ûء
ĭ⺢ҲڳԸ
ҶٸЦˣӹźɰݸأˣ˯ѹ鲻ܳˡ
ʱüЦӹɰ򿪿˿ֺúõأһû٣óһݸĭ׳ԣ
ײԣ԰ɡĭϵףת
أҶٸԴסֻףء
ҭһ£ԲڵҶٸ鲻Ըͳһ飺ʦҲԡ
ùģֻʣһˣùĸҪȻȥˡ
ҶٸԣᣬͻȻ⣬ǿַ˼ͷ¶֮ɫζ
ƲƲ죺ùģ򲻵
ɽׯЩӣҲԲùĸˣأܡ
Ҷٸ״ģַԸؾһˣЩȥء
ַ㿴һһ˷ܣү۾˳ݣȥܼδϱˣܲ
˾塣Ҷٸãϸ˼ӣҴĿ޺סأҪס
ҶٸپͷۣˡӣЬСܹ
Ʋڴϣһίòףס
ĭĿҲܹˣˡŰڴߣһŰ˺延ϲˡ
Ҷٸˣǣ߳ȥղŵ֣˯Ѿͻޣ׺壿һֲֵӣҶٸµҲѡ
ض̣ͷһÿζ˯ѿޣҲޣҾðӦǵܵܣӦãŮҩӹҲ¿࣬϶Ͷ̥ˡ
緹Ͱģҫȥ棬ĭܽشȥˡóһҽж
Ҷٸϣĭɫרעһǰһۣȫע飬ܸȻĭҽˣò׳һˣĪҪҽˣҲȥߡɢɢΣ
ҿɲˮˡĭ鱻ׯãʲôʱܻȥ
ҶٸһģɵĴ𰸡
ȻɽׯȫǻǾȥǡĭʣΣ͵ĺǵġ
緹㿪ʼܾûʲô鷢
ȻһĹһС̫ܽˣ¶ɫλţĭſڱˣСŶۣ̫ٹȥ
ĭתǰһڣǿʣĸСӣѾ߳ȥˡ
С̫ش𣺡ǰԿԿ쵽˵ʹڵ⣬Ǻڵֻһ䣬㱻򷢹ĭȥ
ҶٸּܱǣԸȥȡҩ䣬ĭοĪţ¡
ǲӣȻġĭһ䣬ֻһͷĺӲܳ£һܡ

7777

ҶٸĭӣһģЩ˵
˴΢ĭ㿴ϣݷϴ࣬Ŷ-ͷϽĺ飬ĭһ˲䣬ˮһӿۿףۡ߷ί
ĭǰסһһʣôˣ
޵øɤӶˣǰӵסĭҶٸڻУ׸翴㰲
̫һԣǸ⣺ְң˿㣬ͣͳˡ
̫֢״ʲô׵ģ㱻˶жˡ
ôһ˲䣬ЩҡˣЩǸҫٸ׼ġҿҫٸûԣ˵Ǹţٸҫиһ°
ɿʹ̵ģ̫Ҳ絶ôޣҪĿ࣬ץסָǧˡ
ҫۿҲˣСţܵܳһˡԭ˵ҩζţԣûסһ飬ͳɣˡ˳ʡ
ԭͰҪҫٸ΢̫ܸˣ⣬ʲôʲôԸһ
Ǹ̰ģúɰĸҲˣԼ˳װ飬ʶűӣʹ᣺йҩζóԡĪҪˣַѾؾˣùĸóԣζζ̣йҩζ
̫ƣţôйҩζǲŴˣûҩζһݸԾͳԣ¸ĸϽ԰ɡ
˽ӹлҧһڣ˿˿ζüġ
Ͼĺ̫ͯ˵ŴˣҲԼˣûٶԣ˭֪һ̣ŶӵڵϣֱŶʹһסŵһţֹ飬һ̫໽ĭ
жˡĭɿ֣ӣο£׻ģ££¡⻰˵Լ
Ҷٸ˽ĭɫأж򵥣ǰ£ʱסöαȫ㾡취ⶾ
ʱˣҩĭĭ򿪣óһƿһҩ裬͵ˣ˶ӾͲʹˡ
ȥƬ̺ӺöˣɫҲϣЦĭױģҺˣʹˡھˣûĭ۾˯ˡ
ĭ˯ˣ̫̫θĭ󣺡ĭҶԲ㣬ûúӡ
ûϵһ⡣Ͷβɻ´Ρɽׯȫ뾡ؾ
ĭ룬ж⣬¶ڴ΢Ӧ̫󲻳Ը㣬Ǹҫٸ׼ģֵĿҫٸ
ҫҲǳΣûͺˡ֪ϲԸ㣬ģҲж׾Ͳôѹ
۰ܵοѵܹǶǺúӣ˭ж׶ġֻۡһ⣬ҫ׻ҳ֣ġĭеܽأ˱ҫְο̫󼸾䣬żӳֱ
ҶٸΧסɽׯκ˳ȥԸһУĭ
ĭְһ˴ȥϢĪҪ룬ȺǶˣҶٸڣ˺ֶ
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λҩģδѰãϵɽ»𺣣ҲҪѰôҩ
컨ݡĭͣһ£ּͨݿ׻Ҫ뿪컨ڼ֮أΧȪƣ⻷£ݲŻῪ컨ܽѪ֮֩
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ʱ䣬ڵĶֻѹ£޽ҩûнҩĺĭ΢˼Ƭ̱絶ʣͷԷ衣
Ҷٸǰһ§סĭݲǻؾˣһ˻ǻȥһ·ౣأһδ䣬Ѿˡ
Ӷ£֮Ҹã̫Ը˴ң׼̻ؾ
һյ飬¶ҳ̫СŮƽո̫ʳ֪̫ʳϰߣ̫ܵУû뵽ȻǱ˰̩͹ߡ
ϧѷԾֶˡ
ĭѰֻ֣ĶӰΣӴߣƬ̲뿪ԼߣΨֺⲻ⡣
˭Σգİ׿ܽغʸס
̫ľԱиһҲȪǱɽׯձ̻ؾ
һ˵ִﾩĭżӻ򸮣̫̫๬Ůع̫ס̩͹ĭˡ
ʹȻ䱸ɭϣŮ̫࣬˿ڶ࣬˭֪᲻ߣ
˶򵥣Ҷˣݸģ԰ȫЩ
̫ԾҲǿˣĭ˼ӻظ
ĭջصУ˵Ҫ㱨
ûž뿪ɡĭɻַҶٸҶٸһ˱Ȼţַȡ㣬ûиҶٸȥǴʧĭ֪ģȻҲδţҶٸ֮˳
ֵˣϼӼˣˮϵҿҫݵˣϼ
ĭŭɱϼĶУ˰Σ棬ܽؽԸЩ±̫˼ҿŴãжҫٸͰ˰ΣʵϾ˼ƹ˱Ƕ࿴ЩԸ꣬ܽسȥ
ܽسȥĭҶٸߵ˺δݵϢȡݣǡÿÿ뵽ˣĭģʹѵ
ǿһǿװȥ˼ӣڳԸ㣬ܵӣһ㿴жļ󣬲΢ģҶٸһһݣϾͽܣĭ˰οԸ
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ϵ֪̫ɫȻ󲻿죬֪£ϵۣ˳̩͹ֹ
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˵Ԥı̫ӣûʺͻȻĿ̫ӻԽԽпܣʺ󲡵̫Σ̫ӻ̫ʱ޻ʺӱ̫Ӿ·ؾ
˼̩͹ȸ̫ʰֵȪ֮£Ѹ֪ˣĸģ޾Źˡ
δϼ̫ҧгݣ޲ܽϼң֪ϵ¶ҫٸݣֵܶյأϴӦûɶҩһ˰ˣϼҲˡ
ɺãй¶ʱ뽫ɱԾ󻼣¶ײˣǺ඾δ壬ǣ´ʲô̫󶼾ͷʹ̣ˣҫٸиôλ
°ͳ˼Ƭ̣Ȼʧˣʧٺˣţ޸š
ǲϼˣҲǣϱʼãͬѹȥȡ
أĻӣʺ¾ֻʣ̫һˣ̫ҲжţҫٸвʺӣҪնݳ
ЩϻҫٸˡǸĭ꣬ƽ˳죬Щ̫ڲȴҲҲ޼¡
ȣӲϣһսǿ󣬹ӯǿ׳ճ裬ĪһѩǰֻڴᶨǾˡ
뿪̩͹ȥ˻ʺĸȪһŲȪĹŮ̫࣬һС̫࣬εľ飬жС̫°ֹͣҧԾ̱ƹ֪̫ݣµˣ̫ӣŸʺҩ̫ۻأûʳʲô֪ϼ䡣
˿̵ϼ֪̫ͻˣڹҲεˡ
Իӳס¥У֮ѡ¥¥ٹ˳˴ҪϢ˿̣װϼڶ¥ż䣬Χ˵
ҷˣǼϱˣ˭ŮҹӶˣȥϢˣĭżӻؾˣ̫ҲˣƷ⣬ɽׯȫ
֪ĭؾϼӣҧ߷߰Ǹ˾ȻûֲǶδ飬˾Ǳ˷֣͵ˣˣмֱ¡
ĭң˶ã֪º䣬ò˶ãǼ˾Ҫˣµĺһֻ̫Ĳְ֮
ʱż䴫˵ЩϤ벻˭ϼͲֻʣΪβȢˣ
һż䣬΢΢̾Ϣһ̧Ĺŵļ򣺡˵ȢĪҪ˵⻰ˡ
һ¹⾰࣬Ҳֻ΢֡
֪ԭͰҵܵܣӦûع˼ң⡣ִʸסڼ˵Ϊֻ¥Ҳʸס
ǲͬĸֵܣֵܡ֣ػش
ܣͰôܲǵĺӣȢˣƭҶ𣿡ŲŴԣͰõܣǾǷ͵ˣܡ
ʹͰ³ʮʮ»̥ʱ˸ձϵׯϣδУܲǵĺӣȢˣƭ
岻ֵܣҲƣµŪȢ⻰ĪҪᣬٸᡣ⻰Ŷȥ¹һʼղŸ׵ĻĭΪˡ
ż䣬ϼԣϲʲôĭǼǸ-ĺǼ֣бõϢҶ֪Ϊˣ࿴
һϢɢȥþ˶ĭΪˡ
Ȼܱ¶ԼһץȥӳĿܣ竣ȴм־ڶλᡣ
ֻݷȴҶš
ߣĭβҪҲºӵĸǻ׷Ŀˣ̫ͻϸĲԼȨףϼԾƶȴʱ
ΪͿɼҶٸһȾգ֪ҶٸھСӲˣȱһζҩģҶٸѰңڲ
ϼҲ̲ȥˣıƲߣŪĭҶٸ
ĭҲϼ˺ǣ˰ѰңϼټһգյһţּŮ֣֮Լʮʱ֣լ棬òҲ֪ϼ
ܽĲѣĭ£޷үˣĪҪȥϼ˿̷ħˣ˭֪ʲô£С벻÷ˣǵүӳ顣
ɥ֮Ȯ̫ͻ϶ˡĭԸԸԼϼһֱڰֻǧûǧշĵϼϢ
ϼȻѡ棬̣ܽصַң·Ը

7878

ܽʱַȸĭк·Ը
ǶϤԼΪץϼǿаץסĭȥаȻϼ޹˼ɣ˵ͼ档
ԸϼһУ
ַһۣǲö֪ļûܵҡ
ȥһ飬ĵΣȡץסϼĭ
ַӦһȥ
ܽػǵǣȰ˵䣬ĭڣʮ壬ȥ׼һЩֽ
Ҫݼĸȥ޷ͷհֽǮϣ飬ץסϼ֡
ĭʰñˡ޵ķͷڽ⣬ĭȥ˽⣬ȥáΪˣû뵽ޡ
Ǽĭ޶ྪȣ֮У̬Ҳ鲻١
ĭˣݹɩˣҶȿڡ
常ĭ˵ſ׻δʩǻʼҿݰǶ˵ϵѣҲûҪάϵǵ㱡ϵ
ȻˣͻؼҰɡ游ĸء롣
ȻĭδӦԪڣĪòɾĶײ游ĸͷ常ʺ游ĸſǡ
˵ˣҶҲ֪ĭȥ˵˼׻˳
ǰĭǶĿĲȴˣǻ׷Ŀ游ĸҲҪй
һдֻ֣ҪĭԸ˺
ҶͽĭȥѼĭ˵ˡ
ڵ֪ĭҪԷԸԤϯ棬׼ĸɰװĽӣ֮ĶȻǸĭĸ׼ġ
ƽһëεҶҲ׼ĸɰ䲻Ϸ˵ĹأҲмŽӣӣԢ⼪顣
뵽ĭнյĸλ׷Ŀ̫ͻʺǰĺˡ
ںڵΪĭû϶Ѿͷӣô᲻ԼˣȾǶһңǿǵ׵常
˵ıٵƷƷܻš
ĭ֪˵뷨ص򸮰һֽҩ׼ЩҩģõģҹԼϼԼһ׼Ҳޡĭ˼ȥַָֻ棬ԼҲҪ׼
ҹĻڴн٣ĭ弸˯
İӸո죬ĭźɫñȻ򸮣ֱյ
ǰᣬ˷լլӶռһ֣ɢȥΧž٣Ҳ߹ڻҹżţȮԶʱʱ֣С
ʱһĹʱͣŴӳһˣĽСסòпοʱҹ
һһȹʰ׶ϣߵǰƿĴţֱš
˲ǱˣĭתԶһ
ȻˣҲҽʬȻϼ
Ԫڣ˵ǰٹûӡǱէ⻰ëȻĭȴ塣Ȳ˵Ѿˣмʮ֮࣬Ǹ֣ҽߣ곣ڽߣı»еġ
ĭɫȻƽȻ£ԼԸδˣҪ
ô˵Ҳ֪ҺˡϼָһСǱҵԺӣȥԺ˵Σ˵ҲĭĻᣬֱ·ĭϡ
ԼĪһʱ䣬ϼĭһµԺ䣬Ϊ˵Ժ侫£ԺѻķϣΨԺ仹ľһ㣬Ȼմɨ
ճֲ˷֣ﶨܵһҪ磬ܸϼܵʱ
յԺ䡪ϼԷϼһ䣬ĭҲ²⵽ˣڰ裬ϵŮ뷿ϼִȻԺӡ
֪ΪԼˣ
ϼĭĵգԼʣҶüۣǲЦ̣ԴЦ⣬ҵ䣬ȴñκ˶ã׷Ϊ̫ûʺ࿴ɶǣҶϣȢ
Ϊк˵ϣȣԼǱ磬ǻʼҿ飬ǰҲūͳȺŮѼ޸Ļˣ⻹㣬һҹ֮䣬ƶ˵̶漰˰һĸˣܼ̱ЫĭȣһЦϼӿͷԽԽǻ޴йĿɱ⾡ԡ
ĭţҶ̫ϲȻĭѷ赣ӣҶȻ֡
ɱңĭȷȴûһ˿⡣
㲻£ұɱ㣬˭²Ҷģѷ赣ӣȴ±˵ļ֣˵⾩бŮΪŮҶۣɱϼģɱ˫ۣ˵ڲԡ
ĭʲôӣȴ±˵ĺӣͰǺүġ
ϼĭɻ²⣬࣬ĭû˿飬ƶӲģѵĭҲ֪µ˴ЦЦˮָĭĵԭҲڹǿЦɱ̾-ĸ㶼֪㻹ϣ
ԶǽͷϣַȻӣˣϼ֪ʲôö֪֮ˣүֲھ֪үǺá
Ǻ֣ɱϼڣóȻɱϼﲻү˲¼ɣʱӲô죬ô죿
ֻϼ֪ʵ顣
ĭ£Ŀϼ㵽ʲô˼ҵĺȻǺүġ
֣ϣ㻹˵ģǱǧָĵ-ĺǱ˳Ұ֣Ⱳ̧ͷϼʹ죬ǰδе泩
ĭүԲյ£үǼӵĸˣȴطҲëͷСӣ鵽ɢźŵҩ㣬ҩ⣬Ҷٸŵ
ΪˣҩζǳҩҩԵʣԭͬĸǺү˭ѲԶ
ֲþҪΪ檣ͬ⣬㲻ǿ
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ҹ̽ʹֻΪȷԼǷУ֪УΪ˺ӣȢΪޣһֱŬ
ܽغɣҲ͵ԼߵİɣΪ˺ɷѿġݺΪ˺ͻʼϹϵְ¿ĺ͵ԼߣԼΪ
ʱ˿̣һԵζӿͷĭζӣ˵ʲôζ֪øмǸú
ϼĭݲ԰ɫӣ⣬ЦҶϵƣϵһͼҶ磬֪֮Ӧȥƫƫ֪ұ뿪˵ĪҪмҡ˵ĭͳӲϣ··ϲùµΪܿˡ
ĭ£Щƽûҵ˼ŷӱӲסȴ̩ȻҺ׼ǰԼ
׼Σϵ⣬׸ֻҪҵϸĲҪˡ
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жҶȡҩȥˡϼקűӣûֵ˼
Ƕ˵˵ǡĭʱ䣬ϵҫݱ¶Ѷҫ֣ȪǱɽׯʱҶжĸ㣬Ǿжĸ㣬ӹһ紵ưһ㣬ܳܵ˶ҩ֮࣬Ͳˡɼַ棬ǾǶھԶھ˴ţųϢ˵Ҷжһ¾ŮţԻߡ
˵ĿģòҶٸϼϣ
оݣ˵ϼַҲˡ
ĭ˼ʱˣ˲ıӣתϼЦӯӯϸЦдżȻǡٵġ\\ˣƭҡϼһĭɻ·𱻳ɣΡΡԵڵأֻͽ͡
ˣ˶ĭ£ƽϼɱˣȴѵеݵУʲôƶԲһƬġпĻ˵ƽ糣
ϼУֻܻһϼ鷳жǺܺõӣΪһ˽ϼϵҫٸأʮĺϼݲ£ο
ϼ֪̫ܣȥĶⱲӶ̧ͷҰֵĳһӣ
ϼձ
ϼ⣬ȴǿװ򶨣ô
ʧЩˣϺ̫ѱ̬Ȼ㶼ʧˣԶʧٺˣ㿤ķŸţ䡣Ȼѡǵأֻóȫ㡣ĭѣƷһ㣬ȥߵſڷԸ·ĪҪʱˡ
㲻ɱңǻʼҿϼֵ㣬æ󺰴У˿˻ʼ̬
ĭͣ뿪ˣȻַ档
ϼֵܣΪҶٸˣȼ𼸷ϣȻϣԽʧԽ
ַһϼϵ£סѨ潫׼õİͳͶϷ˸ᡣ
ϼ״־־ҪܣѣӲʹ·˳˹ͷ˷Ẕ̇ڵء
־壬ߺޣӿǻ
Ǿģ·ĺڰ޳ڲԣܶ˼ܵУİסĲӣһֻʣ־壬Ŀ־壬ټҶһ棬ʵݲѡ
סĲӣϢĸо˲ϯȫֱۣ˫վͽ͡
Ű裬ݺᾩϼϢķʽ뿪Ųʣǻ⡣
ַˣеĵתȥ
ҹ紵žԺӸԾףɣԺȴԲͬˡ
ַǰδߣ֪ĭڵǣڰӣԷ̾Ϣ
Ķ㲻
ͬʱ̧ԣֵѽ˷ġ
ǰġڣĭĿͣһʣүϵҩ㣬Ӻʱеģ
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ܽؽûпˣȴˣ»ɣʱˣ˸ЪϢˡжܾ÷ڷǡ
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絥ϥأˡ
ⰵŲˣǰססҪ㡣ĭûƴǡ
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˿ӭˬաչۿ쵽ˡ
ĭӣҶٸ뿪֮࣬ڻа£˳ҵ
ûݣΣ֮ԽĭԽǷ꣬ȥ˱ҽ飬ҩ԰УҲĴҩģڣˮưˮȴһϡ
ܽʵڿȥȰοүӦÿˡ
ү֮ˣ˵ܻܻ۶ա
ϢˣԣĭΪҶٸϢˡ
뵽£ĭмΣΪӳ;棬գƭƺ̫̣бмֲ̡뵽Ҷٸյ뵽ӽٵѿ裬ĭӲ߷֡
һжҶٸҵģûǻƵһҹͰôٲӣһ̧ͷ
ĭ˿ȫˣûҶٸͰһţǼ⣬߳ĭˡ
˿̵ųԣҪӱһС
ѽڣԲ֮ʣΪҶٸٳٲ飬Щ֡
ʼᣬ̫ĭμӣĭӲΪɣܾˣپһ˿ۡ
ǱߣĭҲûȥһȥ
֪ĭƣ˼ΣȰοĭʱͨˣһȻǡ
˰ʮ壬ҶٸϢɸ봫飬˵պܻؾ
ĭŷģָӡ
Ҷٸصδؾֱȥ򸮣ĭЦеݹȥУûݣƳҩⶾ
ɤżɳƣһ·糾ͣЩǷϣڵȴЦ⣬Ҳþˣּˣˣǵ¡
ĭӹУһлл
⻰Ҷٸҡͷ˿ˡ۾ȥ
˾ַۼֿ죬æסҶٸ
ĭǰץƣѻȥˡ
һ˷ҶٸȥϢܽȥ˳Щ嵭ӪĶ¯ţҶٸٺȡ
Ҷٸ˷ȥĭȥҩΪýҩҩоõģݣҩľ׼׵ֻ谴ղҩıɡ
һ̣ĭǧٱ顣ᳵ·Ĳýҩɡ
ϲҩĭŷҩ裬һɫҩУĭϲ¶Цݣϣֳȥֱȥ˰Ժ
ĭһȦӣѾ߲֪ҫŵܵȥҶٸˡ
ԣĭ￩һ£ҶٸԺǵĸ棬Ҳϲǡĭ£ˣԭ
ǣԽ󣬺Ǿ棬ҲĭԺҶٸÿ򸮣ϲԺ
˿̲ͬգԺоĵģҫٸͰ£뻮һ˫¶ϧ֮ɫϣʱʱ󣬼ûж̾Ϣš
ʦʱѹ²ʦһ˯̫˼ˡ
ĭ̤ԺӾͿһĻÿӶжԸĿĭǣɡ
ĭڣȿĭָڴϣһĶꡪܵĭߣ䣬õͲŵСЩܽعù˵ʦˣĪҪҲ˵СЩĪҪʦʦΪҩģʵ̫ˡ
ĭҫˣֻ֪Ҳ˼ĭЦЦ´յԣҩˣ¡ĵҩ͵С
ɶ²ӣüҩ裬ЦĭСףѾȥˣҪʦҪһϢ
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˲ţʦϲ˯ˡ
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ţҪҶٸ˯ĭҪ뿪ͿĨᡣ
ĭ޷ֻ
ԸҲߣͰ͵ĭ
ĭ뵽ԺܼҶٸһҲͬ
־ϲ˵˼ллĭ᲻ѣٺӣҫٸʹ뿪
һ磬Ҷٸ㿴һСһůָŰȫ㡣µͣµļ࣬;еգȲ϶ǵ˯ա
оԼִ򿪣һѩűҵ˯
ҶٸЦˣ˵λ
Ц۾ҶٸǣȻϲһͦĻãʦʦˣ§ҶٸĲӣһڣ㣬㣬ʦôһ˯Ҳң
ʦ̫ۡҶٸ§ŰüҴЦ⡣ҹ̣˼ƥ֧
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ҲѹˣҶٸϣȦסҶٸĲӣ𿪣ˡ
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Ҷٸ˫ֽ˽Ժ̾ǶǺúӣʦ֪ʦ׶ء
ͻȻʲô˷ܾ˫֣ʦһҪ㡣
°˵֪֪˵
ͬ⣺ģӦ˵粻Ļ
һֵۣܣ˭˵һ˵Ǹ磬ҵġ
УУǲСǵܵܣӦҡȻͬ⣬ͱһøļѹ
Ųô࣬ЦжҶٸʦͬˡ
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ü΢ٸɻ󣺡ʦǸɵˡ
˵˼ȴףӦ֪
Ҫˣ֪Ҫ˭ѽҪ޸˭ҶٸԽĪҧгʣҪʬж˿飬Ȣס
ʦ治֪𣿡Խ棬ʦȢףôͬ޸ˣȴ׼޸˭˵˼ֹ֣С治
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Ҷٸȷ˼Σõͬ𰸣ţȴģͰ˵
ͰɵˣܽϸϸزãˢϴһִȤҶٸ䣬Ҷٸ緹˯ûгҹˡ˿ʲôҲԸ˵ֻ緹
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ѵ˾԰о֮޸ΪмɲأǰĸףΪκ¶Ӧõģɷ˲֪
Ҷٸĭޱ㲻ޣû˿ί
ĭʢһ࣬ȷҶٸǰ⻰پĪʲôļٵģ˯һһޣϽЩ
˵ָʢ࣬ЩƱѾǸģĭϲЩ뺢飬Ժǵķʳʢġ
Ը޸ˣûеõҪĴ𰸣Ҷٸļ٣ĭڣ׷ʵĻᡣ
Һʱ˵޸ˣĭƳۿͰ¿˵ģ
׼࣬ĭæҡͷϣףңǵܵ˵ģ˵ܵȡܱ
̹Ȼֱӳϣ˵ģʦҵ˼ΪҪ޸ˡ
Ҷٸպһ࣬⻰ҭסȿȿȣֻ̫ˣҲû˵
ⷴʦ
Ҷٸ֪ޣǿ㲻ͬƽϣһ鳴ԷղŻֶأϽԡ
ʳԣ޲Ĺѵ򸮺ûأҶٸʱûһĭע⡣
ҫŲ豭վҶٸʦҫԲƣʦһ
ǰиһⱲӶ޷ԭԼҿʦб£˽ҩ
Ҷٸ˼豭һڣο壺ҫˣʦο
ٸͰ״ҲҪ裬ҫӸҶٸ衣
ףʦƽٸͰ
Ҷٸһٷ֡
ԹĭԼԺӡҶٸ󣬿Ī벻ˣ
ĭפͷһۣ˭ˣҿŵʲô
˵λ飬ʹӦ޸ҡ佫˸ףҶٸȴȻ⣬ֻҪȢˣҲԸ⡣
˵λӦ㣬𣿡תߣҶٸ
ҶٸԣĿϲǲԾüҶϲ⣬˵Ͱͣˣˣ˵Ŀģ
˵һλ飬ǧٴΣֻҪ˴Ӧ޸㡣
ĭƿӽݣһûش
ҶٸҲŽݣĭϣһ飬ר־ţ˳棺˿Ը޸ңһһһ˫ˣȫƾ϶ʾҴ򹷣Ҿ켦ӲżڴĭӦĩּһ䣺ҿӣǳɻǲҪӡ
⻰ж̴Ӧ
ĭȴЦͰӣȻ˵Ļ
Ҷٸ˵⻰ĭ仰ҶٸαΪڲƭʲô˵ڡ
о˵úã˵ƭ˵Ĺ˵ĻԼˡ
Ϊβ˵ҶٸһԲһһ··Ҫһ㡣
Щֻ˵˵ѣ˲ƭˣڿҶٸţ˶飬ΪβԸ޸ңѵбҸʷ˵ģ
ĭûھܾͷʱȢң
ҶٸסˣԺһֱص仰Ǻ˼⣬ǴӦˣæشȻԽԽáʡҹζࡣ
Ȣɡĭ
ҶٸΪĭӦˣ˫۱סĭˣлл˳ȫʣʴˡ
ĭţԲϲƼǼϡƽ¡
ҶٸõĴ𰸣ɿĭԣ溰һַ㣬棬ȥ࣬ѡӣѡֺֽõӣҪ˳ɻ顣
վû̧ҶٸүɻýƸˮʵڿүӣɵɵﻹǾǵү
ַҲִ̫٣ɻ£ʱգ費٣ῴ˷ˡ
ЩʱգҶٸתͷڣҲΪѣȢˣֲί˷ˡ
Ǻã֮ʣڴĭһ롢ִӵŮˣܼ޸ǸʣýƸЩģʶãҪԼ̹ǹ˿Ͱү˼ɡ
Ҷٸ⻰ĲζźӵŮˣΪԱᣬͰǹݵĺӣҲȢ
״˴֣Щ֪룺үǸ˭ģ
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ҶٸһϻȻ˵ġԺ󣬼дС˵ġ
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ַŲ⻰ֱҶٸһˣΪȢˣ˵϶ܸһԣ⻹δأţʵľڣԼѽ
˵ɽ׸ƣʼոĲˡʵʵ˵ıԣֱӿڣүȷ˽ţǸڵġ
ڣΪڣҶٸʣȴ벻Ǻ˼ˡ
״ֺ˼ȥ࣬ˡΪᰤ߰Ҳ׼
˭룬үȻ֪Ǻ⣬Цˣ溦±סûЦתˡ
ַһֵүɻҪƸȥ׼
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ַת˼ҶٸספҶٸԸõ嵥ͻ貹ĵطʱ䣬ܵڡ

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Ҷٸڶڣɵ֣ðˮȥһˣɽˮҵ仵˲٣˿ɷΪҷһ
ĭӦԺ˵ɡǵ輷ʱ䣬йҲֲڡ
лˡҶٸΪĭӦˣֵüЦɵֺǣѵĶɵģȻĻѿڶʣˣΪڣ
ĭеĻͣһ£Ƥ治֪ŵĶԻҲˣû뵽Ҷٸ治֪Ǻ⡣
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֪ϱ𣿡ĭסûЦû뵽ܵҶٸҲв֪£΢ĩС¡
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ĭͷһˮ۾Ц⣬һ˲˲Ҷٸ뿴׵ӣ˭֪
ҶٸһӣҵʲôõĻԭϱʲôദ֮ɲܽ͵ģŮ˱쾭塣⻰˵ֱ׳
ʱҫٸͰ˽¸߰ĭ¶ϲɫʰΪθˡ
ĭû۾ڵ£
ΪӲ֪˭֪֣˷ܵף֪֪ھϱ
ε֪ģҶٸȣԲ˫ֽڻС
Ÿ˵ģ˵ڡЦŽͣҵʱʣʲô¾ڣŸǽˣϱŸ˵˵ϱǾڣŮˣ쾭¡
ĭһЦƳۿҶٸݣͶһ¡
Ҷٸ̾ݣֵܣһĸ˫ֵ̥ܣЩʱ˵Ժ˽͡
ҫҲһԵͷͣŸô˵ġ
ٸ۾Ҷٸϴת˭־ˣ仰ص㡣
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ǡЦŰǻʦףǼ㲻ͬ⡣
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Ҷٸİ壺ѡ¶ʮˡ
ַ㽫һ嵥ݸҶٸⶨƸ嵥³ΪȢϼƸ嵥
δ˵꣬ҶٸϣϼĻ˳ôãⶨһݡƸ嵥˼ۣԽüͷԽšƸ嵥ӵַ㻳УЩ̫٣ǼЩ
ַ˫ֽסһүⲻϹذɡ
ϼɻ飬³ϣƸʮ̨ټЩͳˡ
ôϹأҶٸü³ʲôݣʲôݣɻܸ³竱ȣ
ַ˼Ƭ̣Ҷٸ˵öԣǷҪˣүҲҪȢףһһȻܸ˱ȣ˾䣺ȥ졣Ƹ嵥˳
²ţǧǶԱˡ
ĭҲǾûϿأ̫嶼ͽһ
ж紵ݶĳЩ˶żζ֪ĭҪ޸ǶըףʹĿ࣬һȻˡ
ǰҪΪ檣ȻܾýȢвӦ֮
ϢһһϲҳϣճɾĲֹܽؼˣнӣĭҪ޸ҶٸеĻƣæ֪̽ģȻĭˡ
̫ʺҲףĭҵɾ
ˣǰǾĭ޸ӶϾôԸ棬ܲأ
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Ϸ˵֪£˵˼仰岻˭ҲݣվˣѾž͹ݡ
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վϣ첼йڷţŤͷַΣûɣ
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һ˵һ泩δȴ֣˵˴Ӧ޸үΪ˸ûһ˿ϲ
ȥܽأûҲûҵһҲŮ˼
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˵ǲ֪ʲôָ
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»ǰգɹٲܼ棬ҶٸδȥˣҲ֪
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ĭȴôΪǸ֪£ͬ⣬һ٣ҲԼί
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ʰһܽغЦ˵ϯˣĭʱϯ棿
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ܽĭòĭһѡ
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ԸԶ׷ˡ˫ϥأͷĭǼ㣬̬ȸǼ
ַ㡭ĭ֪Ȱ˵ϣܹúá
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ҪʣŶߡĭһ뿪ԼסԺȥ
ֱѩ軹㿴ҿ㣬ĭĴ㣬ѯʣˣ⵽ô£Ҫ޸үˣҹģҪȥ
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ϣҶٸϲݴ
ҹܳ򸮺ŵʻžŶȥϾˣżӵĿְȮ͡
峿ҶٸϴãۣŸߴЦȢ׶ǰ
ַǰˣŽգپﲻԾ
ҶٸȻַǰšַոµĽۣȻУ̨ףץţʱһ³ϲɫҶٸˣүΪ£
⻰֪ʡ
³ҶٸĲ٣ǰ΢΢°ͣЦжµҷˣҶĳȢ
´ͳһţݸҶٸүˡҼҷĺȥˣڲ
ҶٸˬʴЦһӹأԴ򿪣ῪЦϲ֮տɲܿЦ
Բ
Ҷٸţݶֻľ仰ȴؿ纣˷ѪֱţһһѪеȾˡ
ˣúݵġֱֱȥ

8585

ү
ֱַҶٸֺ̿ţصһ̽סҶٸڵϡ
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Ȼ֮ãԶۣɾͲ̫͡
öϰ䣬̳²ɶӳԲ˿ֲ࣬һʱ䣬ĸֻźӣԲ˿࣬㲻ùѧˣ˵ĸܶѧʱҲûĸ׶໤š
˿˿ˣĭղŵĻ֪ĭҪߣֱ֮ãһ԰ǻ֮ԣҪиԸ⣬ӺòԸѧҲôӵĻԡ
һΪӴı飬˲ΪǺüĸء
ĸ򶼶ˣƲƲ죬дŲмĭ棬ҲϱӣǿͷϲùȥɡֿУú飬˽Ҳҫˡ
ظæ֤ĸģһú飬ʧġ
ǲϲ飬ֻǲϲҵķӣʱҡͷԣ֮Ҳ˷ܿĽ顣
Ȥ״ԪԼѧϰܸ״ԪѧϰıأӦĭ顣
ĭȻ֪뿪ݳǣҲۻ緹ö뿪
Ǹ뿪ݣװǱݣв̽ĭϢöգԲĭһ˵Ӱ²ĭ°ˣΨ˵ͨ
˴ź뿪û˼ǵӰ˭°أҲǾˣ뾰˴ֻҪһ֣ϲ
˵ӣֶĭ֣Ѱһ㶯ûС
˼ȥ°˵ʺʼʿϢ
ĭ֪뷨֪ˣֽкãḻ
ȥԴ¥ϸΪ˽ʧٵƵʺϡͲˣٻݣܶ±Ĩȥˣ졣
ˣĭ⣬˼֮ˣװ°ߣȥѿǣװʺɱ֮±޹ˡ
ؽѩ续С
ҹѩͣصװعĿ֮ããһƬԭͻأǷɽ͹ࡣ
Եѩ׷ꡱⳡѩԤʾ˳иճɡ
䣬˿ǹ¡
ֵ̼ƼǮ멣解޳УƽգæһҲŪͭ壬Щ⣬Ʊһ̳ƣȥͼ˹ζꡣ
ˣˡ
ÿԺйɫɫĵԺдѩ̣Ц쳹ڸڡ
һѩӵһϣһҲʾѩ򻹻ȥǸؿڴ
۸ˣԴСӶϵѩŽ죬ߵ˫Զꡣ
һЦкǰϵѩˣˣҵģһ֣
ҫĭأһֱסСԶ뷨ϣĭźһֱסڸãĭԸ⣬׼ȥ
Զ֪ĭ֣ѰĭԺӣڸúĽϣתȦ͵ò˶ʱ䡣
Ҵ󣬸һЩ˵ĵԲ㡣
磬Ȼ㣬ͱ˶ϣЩ˿ɲ˭ҪñŷҪԼǿҫüҼš
ٸҲܹŰÿζֻҪռˣͿʼˣˣҲ֪˭
óһɰͳһ֣ҫ˳ԲԡҫҡͷⰮʳëʱܸģ
Ӿݣɶ£ûҪЩԣΪתˣ˭֪ãԶһ仰ǣ˾ûˣûšټ۵СίɤԶᡣ
Զ˳ȥֻҪûУȥ򣬴û졣
֣ĵϵм촽ڣһ·ûԣˣҵðǰĳԻȥùֺóԡ
ٸЩԲƲƲȤٳȥûÿˣ뵱ڶţ˽г򣿡
ԺֳŵӰӣŵһ£ҡͷҲɹţҲ֡˫оཱུģҪָġ
ҫһЦ᲻ôʣģŮӵģҪʲôӦý׳˵߬ȭͷֱۣٸͰļ⣬ȻǶգް멣ʲôҲ
ҫŵܵǻɣ䡣Ůӵᣬů˻ůġ
ףǾҫӦһٸͰ׺ˣȥɣ׵ġ˵һֳһקŰȥ
ٸıڼǰ棬ƿݣʱһͷϲѩҲˮʪī
ټѩϲѩ̣ǺҲ䡣
̽ݣѩΪ˲ͷ̲סԹԴأλСӸ˵Сһ㡣
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ĭڿϣһɫ·ƣ⻰ѩ򡢴ѩ̣òֺģʲôأ˵˵ϴ
֪ĭͬ⣬ƲƲޣʦˣʦҪʦң϶Сԡ
ѩ⻰æʹɫҪҶٸɰû־ֱ˵ʦӦңٴЩһСԵġ
ĭҲЩҶٸˣûвãҲʵףʦʲôʱңҲҪСԡ
˵ʦģɿĭµգĻСˣ˱ҪСˡ
ӾݣǺǵһҶٸȻѪŨˮϲᣬվŵġ
⻰ѹסףңңʦˣʦǲˣʦǸҪ˺òãʦδ
ۿҲˣһ᣺ײòã׽ѵʦ
ٸվһԣ֪ǺãҲʦԴ뿪Ҳû˽ǹˡ
ĭסеɬ԰֡Ͱ˵ĭʹޡ
ƿӽͰˣҫٸɫҲÿ֪˲£»;йأȻ˲᲻һԣֻ§ӡ
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ѩ֪ĭҶٸҡҡͷʾҪ˵
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Ϊǿǲ뿪ģǾЩ֪࣬һһĭǡĭ뿪ԭ
ϼ֪ˣ˭֪뵽ʱᱻĭ;ëȻ
үд취ƽǣֺαģһ˼ƶ̶˼Ƴ̯˵벻𣿡
ЩͰķӦͰǲүǲڷ˸ǰֳĭѹ
λСȻСȴµۡ
ĭһԲ֪δͨҡͷ̾ϢһҲǱȷˣ˸дˡ˵תȥ˵ǿӡ
ŵƽʣַǷһϢҲûУŻƣҴ
⸮˭֪ү˵ھܻ飬һĶ⣬һƓҶٸϡ
Դߺүһ˸ˣҲóĬ࣬ޱҪһ첻˵Ψһ˵һ仰ѯʿ˵Ϣ
վ˵Ŀ˾үȨơŻ硢˫լ檣ȾԱĺլɾ˵ӹǲЩʮȫʮģүһһĺ÷ѡ˻ʲôġ
ʼ⣬Ӧ޽Ӧڳɻ鵱ӻ飬ǶĳްϱүǼأɱĸ
˸ԩүĴ˰һء
˵ã壬Ĺε¡
үϲϲѽһ𣬴˾յ
ϲϲ֮УĪ˻ˣҲֻһϢүЩ
ַ㣬ɱҶٸԺӶȥҶٸԺӣֱŽȥΪ̫ţүϢˣϢˡ

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ŲδתȻȫעŻ
ַ龰Ҳֲ֣Ҷٸǰ˳үˣƻû˼ȥҵˣƶƶá
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ҶٸƬ̣΢΢۾΢΢¶һĨ̵΢Цҧгݵԭ誡
˵û˰æѰ˳뿪ﻳ誣ţǵӽˡ
ںδҶٸʡ
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˭֪һǹҪַȥ
·;գһŮӻǴھáȥϣַ㲻Ըա
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˿绹ʲôףмˣ˵ңʱֻҵĭһˣδʱľơ
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ھͻȥǰ˴ɡһ·СĽۿҪؽˣ˲ӡ
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¼ҺĭװʾˣѩҲСˣĭԡӼŲŲõϳ˵ǵǼӡ
ԶԸڿΣκιæʱޣ鲻̫ʱ䣬ֻһˣڿΣڼӻţţҲװһĭҪ󣬲Ȼš
ҫĭһ̸Ҳ֪ܻҲĭԼܵǡҺһӻ㰲ȣδ߶š
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ĭеĴⲽߵ΢ͣһ£ҩȥƿ̧ż
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ĵһӣû˻ҪҲȥˣͷ룬취
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ӵĿ˯˹ȥ
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ĭܾԶӦˣСʶȤտȥɣȻȥˡͷ
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ĭΪǷЦԶĪ
ĭҲţֱ棺֪ݵǷǳġ
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ݳǵİն֪Ҳ֪˭ģб۵ġĭ
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뵽ƳۿĭüҶЦ⣬ȻȡЦ̧Դѽ类ôˣ
ΪβܸˣһһЩ鷳˵Ϊ鿤ȫֲΪĭ˵ʱĭ
Զ鿤ʱϸֲֳڣܿ챻ڹȥĭ֪鿤飬䲻˼Ұɡ
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С˸һԣһһϸϸ˵Զһԣһ˳򸮶
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ؾ˾ᣬĸ׽⿪ɡؼҺؾĸĸŻȥĸ޼ţȻԸŻȥȴҲöѹӦؾˣڵַؾϲţžţ˵̧ա
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δ䣬һץסҪˣСȻҧңץסǴɡ
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˵һ׳˶꣬վǰ棬һ⣬ѩʱĿ¶׹⡣
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Ǽжص𸻻ݵҲٵģصһĶֵϣҲްģҲʱз񲻸ٲ£ǸĸʹҲʹˣ޿֡

9393

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9494

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һһŽȥ
ڣҶٸϲ޾ӳ峺΢΢̧۲ת飬촽򣬴΢΢𣬷·Ʒһ
Ҷٸˣ£缢ƿʡҪ˵
ۣƯϵŮҼƯŮˡ

9696

ҫٸ֮ʣҲƵƵѿڶ
ֱϴ§ĭĲӣףƯҺˣõȢ㣬ȵңҳˣȢ׿ɺã
СӣֻǵģȢϱƾԸȥҶٸԣøؿڣֽ̧ק´ֱӵַ㻳ȥ
Сӣһϱ
˼ҶٸŭҲٶԣżӳȥҶٸߵſڣˣԸȥǰԺԾƣ
վſڣߣѾź򣬳ںһүſˣͷҪˮܷԸǡ
ĭ⻰ߵöͨ졣
ҶٸӽÿһĻ;ƽˡ
ĭҲ̧۳ҶٸȥһɫϲսݵͦΣ߼°ڷɣ忡ţüҴЦ˫
ˣϾķ뵽£ĭպθ֡
ȴҲϿοԼǹŮӶˣ£Ƿ֮кοɺߵġһĵΣȻ
ҶٸƸܵĭĿ⣬£͵˸㣺徲ˡ
˵Űժλͷεһ˲˲˵ݣдԵɤżֹƻ󣺡ˣɫˣǸЪϢˡ
沽ҡа˳ڷб£Ҷٸϣ飬ָһ㷢ᣬ鲻Խ˾䣺һΣԸԶ١
޳ְĭ½ĭ׽סǹǽڷ֣δȺơ
Ҷٸ̨ĭߵԣƣһݸĭ
ֱһ
֪ˣۣҶٸŽߵӣɫЩ㱣ˣɫܸЪϢ˰ɡ
Ҳĭشᱧˣϲȥڴϡ
ĭͼѩгĵøӰӨ
Ҷٸѹȥ׽סĭĴཻڣ÷ֿҪ࣬һ֣ϴ᣻£ϵĺҡҷ
ʱڴ
ӦʫҼˡɫãȥ١
ĭ纣ƮҡСۣҡҡλΣ󾹻˹ȥȥǰҶٸݣʵҲ⣬ܴ
ˡ˵û˼֡
˴ҹҪ˼ˮų˯ȥʱˡ
ҶٸҲ֪ҹ̫׼õҩóĭͿϡ
ĭ֪Ҷٸ£ߵͷУƾҶٸκҲ
ҶٸΣֻţɺźţֲ-һ󡣵ʰ׵ʱ緹ѹ
ҿ˷ˣ֪ˣѷڿϡ
ͰȼˣҪסܽغɼȰסˡַȴ˵үͷˣҪһܻܵãҪܻܵãת˵ע
ƽֳʵͰҲڷӦ˵Ǻ£ҲЦǡ
Ҳв֮Ǹ̳ӣֻҪǱͻǣ˵Ѿˣٲˡ
ΪˣͰʵղѣҫٸҲ΢ʣԹҶٸ
Ҷٸ⣬ԴҲһζ
ҲʱȣƤСŶ룬ҶٸһǻƱˮԶǵָ𣬻Ҫһ
һգĭʢʱС¶ĺ۱š
üߵĭߣʣףôˣ
ûûʲôСıҧˡĭ֣Ҷٸƫ
ͷ࣬ﹾһ䣺컹䣬ӡݵ±Ⱦˡ
ĭʱ˴ҶٸæԲԷԷﲱϲ֪ʲôӶһڣһȥҰҩ
⻰æͷл֮ʲҪǮƵð
ĭֵҶٸۡһԵֵü۴ЦĿƵƵҶٸĭ֮תתȥ
үͷ˿ྡճɾá
ҶٸĭҩɿϸˣĨҩʱ©ĵط
ҶٸĭЦӦУҶģһһң©κһط
ĭǵͨ죬䶼ȵԣҶٸһѣߵ˵
Ҷٸһץס֣߬ĿƵضĭôǺ˵ģҲĲҡ
ٸһںӲ죬һףĻ
ҫԸΪԸʢһ࣬ͷͬף
иط죬ĭȥƫҶٸ֪ߴĭԵ㣬յСûϺ˵ǲǣ
һֱţ˾գϸ֫ʱܻͣڸȴֲұŮ˽ܳˮ裬ֻ䡣
󼸸ȥ鷿顣
ҶٸˣҲûҪӡ
ΪĭĥҶٸӲòٿҵַ涢ż䣬˵µĹ򶼲ϣҲͼСӻСûоŮ鰮֮£֪Ҷٸġ
ҶٸĭطĨҩʱ֮ϣʣβ𹳷£ҡ
ȴ֪ΣȻ١ﻳ誴˿̾򸮲Զլ
Ϊӡ֤ԼĲ²⣬ﻳأв̽ȻҲ֪ṷ֮£ҶٸҲء
Ҷٸڣ״ĭĸӼˣҶٸڣüˡ
˼룬һƲߣ磬Ը䡣
һǹЦ⣬˾䣺үתȥүԸȥˡ
ﻳⲽǰɫԺ⣬Ϧбգį壬һ紵ƽֺ⡣
ػشů
ԽҩſڣҲˡ
Ҳ֪ˣ˱ƽնֵֹǣ˲ƣкҩҲá
мβߣæȥһ
ߣҪʬǶɽˣЩΪطȫܿ͢سǡֳ롭
ԶӵϢ͵վ㵵ߣ
ôܣغúõأôߣ᲻Ūˡ
˽ҩſڵ˵һ顣
Զ룬˱ҩǰȻвٰգɵļҩſڡ
ɫ԰ףŶӣϰϵĺţƺܡһҲͰˣۼ˲¼ʮˣβˡ
״е񡭡
Զ룬æԸߵˣȥ飬ɻˣϿȥ򸮡
ĭ·ء
Ÿޣͷϴ˼鷢˼ȹ˫ɫ廨Ь⼸飬ϸָ룬ߣʮ硣
Ҷٸһԣ飬ʱʱ̧ĭԽԽİ³лӣоȼ֣¡
ĭ̧Լʱκ죬һڣʲôأ֪⡣
ǿҼӣôҶٸ飬ץסĭ˫֣뻳С
֣·أ봩Ҳˣȥ
ĭüһĿһۣ˳ӣܿ˵Ķֵ
ҡҶٸͳԶӵĴף⻰ĭеĽвϣ˱뻳У°͸ĭ㷢ϣʹţСǰˣҲˣպľϣ˵Ҳǣ
Ҷٸ򸮺˵ǵ·󲿷ֶĭģЩζĭΪһ
ˣǶܹĴҶٸҪĭΪһ顣
ĭҪ⴫ѩ
ˣˣ˵Ҫǰˡ
ˣҵȥĭƿҶٸ̫ĭδƿֵˣ綨ҪŻ
Ҷٸɿ˫ۣҪҵ²Ҫˣ˴ӦΪҷۣſ˸ͷֱ˴ϡ˵ȴҲ˿һĭϣǣֳȥ

9797

ҶٸĭܿǰԺսžͼԶⲽ
£ŲĭæӭҲֱӵĭسвٰղˣкҩҲתҽݵж޲ߣĭҽ鷳ĭȥߡ
滰˵ߣǱסˡ
ĭ壺ôߣ
Դ󺵺Żᱬߣط˳ָʱڣôߣѵΪ
뻪սһȴʤ㣬ΪֶΣҲпܡ
ҶٸҲ뵽һ㣬ַȥ飬ؿɳֹ쳣ˡ
磬ȥĭȴҵ顣
ͶӶأߣػһҵ֮ء
һ𡣡ҶٸҪš
ĭתסӲãڼҴţżӣĪǳȥ
ҶٸԸ⣬ĭв̤ʵ
ĭ̬ȼҶٸڼдš
ԶҲȰ˵䣬˵Լᱣãκʧ
ܽغ߹ҪĭҶٸġ
Ҷٸٰ㲻Ըȴֲĭֻĭȥ
ĭ⻻װܽغҲ⻻װҽҩĭš
Զĭҩ̣ǰĲжˣɫء
ĭһλˣǴҸ㿴
һһ˵ŸмĻĭִϣϸϸԽüԽš
ôԶżʵ
ƲߣЩж˵ţĭΪһͬ
ж˭ôģЩ¶Զ޵
Զм໥߹
Զպޣ˭ôģֿĭʣĭɻⶾ
ⶾѡĭţڶ࣬صҩĲǰҪҵ¶֮ˣҪ֪
ȥ顣Զתһ۷Ը䣬۹Ӧǣתˡ
ĭ죬ߵǰһһǵס
룬˿ܽͶ뾮Уżжѯʺ֪ûкȾˮҲжˡ
˵ǺĿģĭ˼⡣
ԽԽĲӿЩռ˰֡ȥǰ취
Զȥúˣ׼ʱ񣬲ȥЪţȴΡ
ʲסַҳЩ˿
ĭ߽ҽݣҽƹ˵⡣
ƹʶһ۱Ƴⲡ֢ж£Ҳ֪ĭмֱ£Ӧ˵ĭ¾ܷԸҩĶںԺս»󾡹ȥȡ
̸УƹĸĭĻƲֲ
ܽغɴ粽ĭΨʧ
ʱ洫ĭ⿴ȥһˣ˵ӿ첻ˣôæ￴
ﶼǲҪӣȥŶӣ˲ϣһ˳
˶ҲˣſǸ˵ҲʧͳһŮ˼ƽϡ
ԶҲøȥŶӡ
˼ٸ֪ǵٵģǲģ޿˵Զģӵ
ԶĸоֻȥŶӣôͻġ˿ˣƫƫԼһ͢٣һ˼ƽϣһڻؿڣϲ£ܼˡ
ĭ֪ɵҽɳȥɲϣֻӣ޹أ빫ĪҪΪҡ
Ҳ²򵥣ӦøŷˡҲˣȴ
ʱ泳øˣǸֱڵãŴȣһһ溰Ƕ۸ǣҶۿˣǻңҿıƺ
ĭſڣ⻰ǳ˳飬ıƺ
Ǹ˵ţ鲼ͷϲΣӶûУִָ󻢿м룬һ֪ǳɴֻˣֵñıƺ
Ҳǰ취ûʱ䡣
ĭٴηԸɣȥǸ˵ĺƣҩѶҪԸͰæ
ֵ˶ˣһŶӣˡ
ӣԥˣүǱ˰ȫ˳£治үΡ
һʱ䲻ʹˣĭɣȻˡ
ҶٸȴûԭܽغɣǸԼ꣬ԼǺ׺ǵãﻹǰӡ
æ·ϣūǹӵˣӰȫ
ܽҲ˵飺ǽöǹӵˣǹӵĻ꣬үǸһ̣Ǿ϶˹ӡ
ĭװ磬ܽغɽӡ
ĭҲΪǣ⻰еĸҲˣɣһؾǡɹȥɣ˶࣬Σˡ˵ܽظأ㻹Ĺ򡣡
鲻Ըȥ˿˵ҩѵ¡
ҩѷǲͬ⣬ҩ̿ˣֿʼá
ҲŰǻøȥŶӡ
ǲϵģĿδﵽֻһζó֣ǲβһͷײҩſڡ
ɲͷˣ㰮ξΣοȥＸٺˣһһһֶܲӣˡ
˲ȰɺȲԸӣӡ
ĭȤһҩҩһ飬ȱҩģѯƹģҩĶ𣿡
ƹĴսЦԺмȥơԺҲ¯Ը˰ҩ
ĭ΢ͷ̧Ժȥ
ܽؽĭҲŽԺ
˽ԺƼҩģԺеļšԺʰһСݣǳӦÿ԰ҩ
ĭ΢˿ȷʵҪҩģߴӺͻˡҩĸɹãδƣҪһ²ҩ
ҩܽصȥǰץҩҰδƵҩһ¡
Щҩû𿾣ܷҩЧ
ܽؽӹҩЩԥܽز뿪ӡ
ƹܽزߣҲǻȻˣȥǰԺץҩɣС϶ҲҩģС϶Ҳһġ
ܽ˵ܽأܽûʱܽصѨ
ܽذãмˣܶڲԣվԭءĭСģҲΪ亹죬ת
ĭҪӦҲѨһʲôˡⳡԵߣġ
³ˣ䵭Ϥʾ䣬ȴſ϶˲˭

9898

ƹĶȭʩ񣺡ˣ²С
ڰ֣ӻͳһҩݹȥҩİպˣ˵򰾳ҩУʱ䡣
ƹĽӹҩתȥˣҵԶԶˣղŵĹҩģѾʼҩˣĵȴ
⻰ԶϲҲƹȥæΪĸ٣Űܿ࣬˭ѹ
ĭԣû˺¶ȣ˺ÿࡣ
ĭ뷴ɿ˿ڡ
ҲڵĻᣬĭӺˡ
ĭδôﻳ誡ķʽվڻУȴһֻܶܵﻳ誡
ﻳ誵ڣһյ裬ϣЦӴĭķʽ˼£ĳҲȲѡ
ĭ޵ȴҲ޷۾˱
ﻳòǷȥҶһڱ۾Ϊܵ⾩ĲȻڳ㡣²豭ĭǰҴһƬģκη˽ҵˣģǺε˵ĭҿѨĭߣʲôģҰĻࡣģ˲ۣǽ뻢֮ء
ѵд
ǧĸǣҲǳԿۣүһĸ׵ġ
ĭ֪ʱϵ⣬ֻܾơ
ﻳ⻰΢΢һڵ֮ңʲôԣ߱ɱӡ
Ϊߵλãֵ֮໥¼ɣΪϵȨĸӷĿȱȽǡ
飿ߣδҲ˲ԸǸλãӴԶ볯ò¡
ֲأʺѳֳкͻʼáǸʺԵĹԱǱ壬ǱţõĽҲǴǹٹ硣
ЩѲֹܳһ֤ݣʺ-ҹǣ˼ףҹϸ衣̫ӳȲϣҲʺɲǻʼѪҲ֤ʵˣ̫ӵȷǻʼѪ
ﻳ˲֤̫ӳʺҵһǰͲˡţɵ飬ɱڰɡ
˳ȥղ֤ûֻò٣˰ͷֽŽ߶ϣΪ˽ͷؤ
ﻳ֪Ҫ⵹ʺ֤ʻ̫ӵòݳģֻҫȥҴʺС
ҫһղأһղܽҴʺ̫ӱ̫ӡ
ԲڴﴫϢҲʱ¡ӱɱɾһ޾̫ӵˣƱشҡ
ǰգ߹ذ˰Ӽţʮѵ߽磬սһ޾֮ղԶӡ
ҫȥ̳лλʵѡ
һ¹ĺӣлѪβҲῴ¹ķϣ顣
ǻӣ̳лλ˳ܶסڿڡ
ﻳǺӣǰŮ˽̵ĺܺã˵һ
һΪҪҫҲһʰ֮ģסĽɽ
뵽ﻳ㱣ǰھʱۼҫӸһؤͭ塣
׷ȥҫ㴩ŲΪģֻͭ壬ӣӵҲ¡
㲻棬ӣܵڱ˼ȡҸͭ壬ͬʱѧͽģԻѧһգǰĻ
˵⻰ҫ´ﻳ誣Щ죬
ﻳ̹ȻһЦҲƵúܣȤǰ˰ǰһأ
ҫҡͷЦǸˡ뿪ԶС̯ȥƹģը⣬ϲըˣ㡢ŴóԵĽ
ﻳԶԶԼĸТ˳˽̵ĺܺá
˼صǰﻳ調ĭĿ˼ֵ֣ûб˼һ֣ҲҫĸʣڵϦʱ޶࣬ҫȥһ档
ĭɤƲ켥ǸûȥһۣǻʺǸĵģҫǻȥڣ
ﲻԸҫȥҲҿٸСŮװﻳ誻֪ٸݡ
֪ˡ
ȥȴʵӮ˵λܼﻳ૵
Ҳ˵մûˣЩϵҫȨкãĭ
¹ˣҲ磬ĪҪȡ֡ﻳ誶˸ɫ
ͷȥ
ĭ⻰Щŭʲôȡ֣ҪҶӵ˵ȡ֣˭˭
ǹ㣬켣ЩʱգҲĻ
ҫӣﻳбĭԽˡ
֮죬֮ǰ蹦̵أڲˡĭ
ﻳҲôĭ˿̾Ů˲ٴεĭѨӣֱӷԸھߡ
ӹӦţһһ߼ĭߡ
ĭϣﻳţŭﻳ誺⣬ĵĪ˳һ˽⿪Ѩʱίˡ
ֵСĽߺ½½С
ʱһС
зﻳ誵ټȥү
ַ棬ȴܸǣĭöͷ飬аﻳ誣Щʮ˴ʺһ顣
ﻳһЦյԣС²¿ҵ𣿡
ַص򸮣ﻳصϢ˵ˡ
Ҷٸ΢˼Ƭ̣ͫ΢ˣȥҩҷˣ˸Զסţκ˲óǡ
ǶΪﻳ誵Ŀҫҫ˲ٰû뵽ﻳ誾Զѷ°ˡ
Ҳǣҫĸҫ֮ȥҫԹԻȥ
Ȼ˴Ҵȥҩֻ̣ҵ˱Ѩܽأĭ֪٣ƹҲӰ
ܽغ֪˵ղɾӻҩſڡ
ɾǸ˿ɣ˽ץ²֪ˣ˵ҩſںʱ͸ʮӡ
ʮӶͨ˵Ŀһ㶯ˣҪģ˵ӵõߣߵҩֻҪϣԵõҩ
Ȼԥ͵صͷӦ˶𣬱Ŷҩſڡ
ƽʱͲǸʡ͵ĵƣ֣˺һ˶޷ʵһء
һ̻ڸ˵⣬һ̾ͽشΡּ˵ľ
治ģִȥﻳ誵լӣȥաеĲµģɼûá
ַȥ˳ſڣسǵˣˣԼʱˡַһ˻ظţһڳſš
ů֪ʱ꣬
Ҷٸվ£˼ɫüͷ壬նԶ֪ʲô
˭ףҫվʯߴϣԴżĿ⿴Ҷٸ
鷿֣жһʱ˭֪ʧٵϢ
ԴĿȼܵܵĹ򶼸ߣȻܵ
ҫ֪ĭʧ٣ЩţϻʢأЦ绨ˮģôͻȻʧ٣Ҳſںԡ
򼱳ȻʧˣҶٸ
Ҷٸ̾Ϣһ誣׺ܰȫ誵ĿʲôҲ֪
ҫ֪ΪԼʧ٣ΣԥƬ̺󣬵ʦҪȻͻȥɣĿңֻҪһȥˣͻ
Ȼ֪ĭ£ǵǣҶʺ֪׾Լ϶Ǩŭףʱ׾Σˡ

9999

Ҷٸҫ뷨ȴͬǧټﻳ誣֪ΪʲôΪǼһˣ׶ᵣġİɣײµģץͶȥˣ⣿
ȥ׷ģɲļӡҲ뼸ӳ¡֪°߷˵誣ҶٸĲ٣֪ʱȫ֮ǡ
˵ҫļֵҪͬա
¡Ҷٸı֤ҫ̲סǣǵĸѲֺ²ֶΣиһ뵽ҫ˦˦ͷģиˣһ᳤ġ
¡ҶٸȼѾ뵽׵İ취ײڵʱ䣬Ϊ磬չ˵ܵǡĪҪҷġ
ҫһʣʦкߣ
ҪսˣδҶʺĸҶ׼˸Ըϲ̰ðѾ˼Ʋ߻׽ʱסﻳ課ԸҲ޷
ƶزڴ̫Ӻͻʺѳֳﻳ誹ΪүҲ̫ӺͻʺģȻһıñӿﻳ誳е
ߣﻳ誵ΪҶʺֻţҲˣܶԸ誣ǾŹǧѷĻᡣ
̵ְҶٸҪ̡㻻طˣ跨ӪҲСܶࡣˮʱʺ㡣
ҫҶٸĪΣҶٸӦô죿
ھͳȥӪҶٸ˽磬ѩʰԸתݡ
ǼҲȥӪ𣿡ΪһʢкӣҫϣȥӪ
Ҷٸͷ򴽵ǲȥȥݶ
Ѿǿ֮ˣ˿Ҳ˲ϴˣӴڶȫģӪȷʱգٳָһ˻Ҳᰲġ
ҫҶٸСֹţҲȥʦס
ô˵Ҷٸͬ⡣ҶٸӴ͵ְŰַפӪ-ıӪ
ıӪԪ˧ţʮ꣬ǾҳӣΪ˸ǫѷ˿û佫Ĵ³
Ҿر߹ض꣬ԻĲ佫ǴСϰ䣬ѧϰսԡ
ⳡսҶٸģ׽Ҷ׼ȴҲס
ҲҿǷҶٸ飬֪ҶٸȻҶٸӪԽ롣
ŽӵҶٸķɸ봫飬ھиŪıʿݣȥҶٸ
ҶٸӪʱѾԺ
ɫУʿƻֺ䳡ҶٸֱȥŵӪʡ
źҶٸΪҶٸӷϴмҶٸ̲ס˵˼Ựһ޲ܵأս
ҶٸƱЦЦȺ̣мʹߵİͶΪʦλ丣ȡ˹֮ս֮սʤҲ춨ҵǿӣǿ
ү˵ǡžƱ˧үһϣ쿪ʤ๷仨ˮƨǲٷҴ󻪵Ĺ
Ҷٸٱġ
һźүҲ֪Ҷٸݲ򵥣첻ٶԡ
峿Ҷٸϴһ߳ӪʡɿŴԶ
ҲԶԶƼҶٸæ߹Ҷıʿ˯᣿
Ҳ֪ҶٸಡӦ
ްҶٸ˽磬Ц춯
Ҷ׼˾ǰûӦضԷǣձضǰŵ
䣬һʿСŹ˵Ҷ׼´ͤǰǷӭս
ſҶٸүǿӭս񣿡
ӭսҶٸᶨȴһỰ˵
˵Ÿȥ˧УӭսԲߡһҶٸսǰ
ȻҾҶٸļƲߣһ׽󽫡
ҶٸӪʱð󽫶˭ǵ㣬ˣҲµļ󽫳
һͤ˺̰ðҶٸɳȷ̣ŵԶֶӣ书Ž̵ģΪء
ҶٸװʧܣĶӣͤʤ׷׷ҾߣҶٸ˳ȥӭӡ
ͤҲ飬Ʋԣ̴ͷ
ҶٸɳȥǰṦãܿ׷ͤ׽
ڶͤĵܵ󣬴õ˫µõʮִ죬ȴ䡣ҶٸţƵӭս
ţƵ书ãг-ǹǷ
ҶٸרȻֻʮغϣӡţƵȴᣬ-ǹ˫µ󣬽˻
Ҿʤʿǣ޹쳹ʣ߹
˶飬սơ
ҶٸһսˣƳ籸׷׿
һϲҳ
ŽʿǺ칦ơ
Ҷ׼ȴôȥսϣűȼ硢С˭
ȻԶҶ׼Ҳ´ƼˣСų⣬ôᱻ󽫡
ºһżʵҶ׼鰸ϡ
Ҷ׼żһĿʮУԽԽżڰϣһϣðɵֲأԭǾү˲ģӹСھţܱ߹ʲô
ҶȨ״γսǰˣкȥкʺú̫
žɻ鵱챻ܻ飬ҲѰ޵ģֻǴԣ֪Ǽ١ŵ˳Ƭ̣˵ˡ
һСϱ˾ˣ˺λޡǵʲô֣Ҷ׼ʵڲס
Ϊһ֮֮ϵүҪʲôŮûУҪǿŤϣ
ǿŤϵҶٸʱѲһУ˵¾㱸ֻǷ硣
һԣ̧ͷ͵͵Ҷ׼˵Ԫ˧ˡ
ЩСû¾¡лǸСҪµĺӵǻΪۣʵ۵ãҵѪʵۣ
δһСŻŽﺰţԪ˧ˣ²ˣݱˡ
Ҷ׼ʧɫᱻˣݵĽʿأ
ǶɱˡСڵأ档
ˡҶ׼һʲôԵģоˣǾû
Ԫ˧ҾӪʮһʿ̱ڵϣĿ֡
ʲôأǴ̽Ϣδ̽ϢģоˣǶû𣿡Ҷ׼ףȹϵϣⲽȴ֪ǺãƬָ̺Ӫ⣬ӭսסо
Ԫ˧ȳȥһʿȰ˵
˧ҲŸ͡Ҿݣٲˣ롣
ɽڲûգҶ׼-ٳ꣬Ҳؼϧ΢΢ԥƬ̣æ˳ˡ
߽ɽϿȣɽϹƵʯʿǰʹޣȫ
Ҷ׼˻ţҲᱻҳˡ
Ҷ׼֮ʣȻߴһɤҶԪ˧ϲΪ׼
һδˣǰһ
ҶٸҶ׼ǰңң
һȻŻ˳Ⱦ
һۻ࣬ͷ棬Ǳ
ٿҶٸһ̣Ҷ׼֪ˣ˫Ҷٸ㣬㣬һжƺõģɱҵĳݣƽӪʣĶӣҲ׽
ǳΨһ·˭֪Ҿ
Ҳ֪ԼǱ֪֮ҶٸЦ
Ϊһ̣ƻ˽ʮգܻ׽Ҷ׼ˣҲѾ˼

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Ҷ׼оסɾһϢܿ촫-ǡ
ҶʺһϢЩ˹ȥһ߯СģҾƶˡ
ҶҸڳվȽŸҲɥҶֻбķݣʱ̫ӻᱻ̨Ҷ׼
Ҷ׼Ϣ˻ʹĻʱ誸ջظδüЪϢͽӵϢ
Ҷ׼󽫾ˡ
һϢ
調˿òѪָŻʹķǷ֪ƫƫȥ̵ĶҶҵţҲԼмＸأо̵𣬹û̵˷²ֱǶ档
պգʱҰ׹е涼ҶҶˡ
紹վһԣСʣүǸô죿̽ҶٸΪʦ˾ƣıҶ׼Ҳ
ҶٸסҶ׼ڽˣǱҫΨһ룬ʧȥˣҫɾˡ
뵽Ҳ뵽ˣ˼Ƭ̵Ҷ׼ܻ
һ仰Ҷ׼
Ҷ׼ǹˣȴûٺ£Ⱥӣݺգ̰ɹб˽ҵȵȣ顣
Ҳɾάʣ಻ϡ
УҶ׼ҶҵĵˣֶڳΪ࣬һߣҶҲɢˣҶʺ̫ûҶ֧֣עᱻ̨
ԽԽҶ׼ܻٴοڵЩ֣Ҷ׼ܻŻУ˿ˣκβء
Ծ˽ⲻ࣬ȴҲ֪ز¶󽫣Ҳк֣˲ò
ӳʱΪ׷ĭװײУ쵽ǲָ
û뵽һ·ƽ˾ûһ׷
ЦҶٸû뵽Ҷٸ
Ҷ׼ˣϧҶ׼ļֵ
Ӧһȥˡ
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˸ҶʺţǸǣٽصķ˰ȫͻıҶ׼ˡ
ҶʺԲøҶ׼£
δĨǣֱ˵ԼҪ󣬲誣Ϊ׽˾ķˣ
ԣ֪֪ĭݣֱõϣ豭һڣǸ˵߯󣬾ϷˣδҰèӣ뽫ѱôʺǹ񣬻ļˣ
кĿģýͻȥŸҪ󱾹黹ӡ¹Ǣ뻳ԴΪءʺˣȴû˵̬ȣ߸ϣ̬ʩؤһ
ﻳ޳ָнߵϥǴЩģԴ¹ްţʾͽΪУжд̵Ĵڣô޸ϵҪ޸ϵ¹
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Ҷʺɱ⣺ﻳ誼ֱǻˣҪΪǻϵ׵ܾܵͿΪΪǼ˵Ķλֱǳ롣
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֪ϣ⿪ڰɡʺһԵ̫ʹ˸ɫ̫⣬Ȼ˳ȥ
ﻳɨ̫࣬΢¶Ц
ҲԸʺίߣȥϡ
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ﻳæǰߣսʵ֣֣
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ﻳ֪л˵һԵ̫ϵһǶȥɡ
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޵ֻʣ誺ʣ誽ҵҫ˵ˣ˵˱߹صս£ԼҶ׼ܵ¡
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ԣʸˡ
ĵطңȻҵһƵʥּɳһۣؽɴչ
⾹Ȼһݴλ飬ȻǸҫģû뵽׼ʥּҫλ˳
誴ϲƤʣƤ˯ȥҪ˵ʱ⴫ҶʺŮ̫Ϊź
Ů̫ǲҷܣֻʵʵ˵
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΢΢˶֣ʾ뿪Ǹ񸾾Ҫˡ
ﻳ̫ƿţҶʺ˽Ȼڴϣûļ˿ϻԲѣͻˡ
չ˰֣ȥı˴ﻳһһһ仰Ƕ˵ġ
ߵʺפ㣬ͷ⣬Ҷ׼Ⱳ²ܻˡ
صȥĭԺӡ˿ĭѻŮװ
ͷϴɶ٣īһ֧ҡԲĶϹһԶһϮỨӣһī廨ȹϴ°ɫ̶Ьһ飬ĵſ̴ϣרעؿţﻳ߽Ҳ޲
ĭǻܣûһ㱻ĵнﻳ롣
ĭûԼãһ˿أ
šĭδ̧ͷﻳǸ޹ؽҪˡ
㵹ڡﻳĭ棬Ŀɨ飬һҽ飬ü΢壬ҽ飿
ġĭ飬̧ﻳ誣ˣҶʺ׸类׽ˣǸֵصϢ
֪Ҷٸû뵽ְ취Լ˵õİ취˺ҫԼȥؼǴﻳ誡
ּҽٳԼ
Ҷٸﻳ誵ľ档
ﻳ֪ȴֵصϢˣô죿
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ǳĭ꣬һŮޡ
ĭЦһʱڿкã㻹νͻȥЩƥ򻻻أһǼôǳԿ
ﻳ֪ĭƤҲٶԣӻͳһλεĶϣɣ˰ɡ
ĭĿɣʥּչϸϸ˼ۣϣ˭֪Ǽ٣ּµģЩͷˣѵ˵뽫λøҫ
⻰ȴţںҫҫΪݣûҶٸˣûҶٸҫٸڣһʥּͿҫðΣջ
ҲãҲգȷġﻳʥּȥЪϢһȥı
ĭЩţҪȥˣ
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ҶٸѽӵϢһӪʮͤС
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ԶԶƼһʻҶٸ΢ϵЦݽţºʥ
ķ˻ˡ
ﻳ誣Ҷٸסͣޣüǲı
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ﻳ֪ҶٸرСǼң
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ԣ誴ӳ˼ЦˣǷֶĸǾҵĶˣҲݣ˻ӭẦߵġ˵ʱĿϣӲʣȥưɡ
תƻ⣬˭ҶٸŭֱӷԸַ涯֡
ΪҶٸԼˣӶַĶ֣ʱͷ
Ҷٸ㲻ˣҶͻˣ㲻мұˣ߹豾ĺڣ誻ۣҶٸû飬ԽԽ𾢶ҶٸûĵĶֲȢϱĹ汻ˣ
Ҷٸߣƿֱڣĭڳڣ˯ճһ䵽ʵеˮָļڻˡ
ȵĭĶͷƵĽë΢£峺ҶٸһЦˣŸ첲
Ҷٸ˫ֻסļ򣬽ͷļϣǣӷ˻ؼҡ
誻ĭˣ΢΢üЦŵĹͣ
誽ٳԶɷ򣬼úǣܲ
˳ȻҪ䣬Խͷ֮ޡ

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󣬸պñú׵ǳɫĭˣ°ߣɴδ㣬ʣһ·ϱΣ˵ҲжھʱΪ˰ѾүǱæأĿĴﵽˣҲøףתˣ¡Ƿһ·ˣĶڽ˵Ļ˵ˣʹ졣
δ䣬Ҷٸ˵ˣǾһ㡣
ַԣȭͷŰ誡
˵Щͺˣֻͼʹ죬Ǳĵ˾ǰ
ַ뵽Լүܵίģȭͷϵ󣬴ģ޵
ĭòˣƿӳֹ˰ɣһЩѵͺá
˵ʱһ誣ֻڷңۣһһ飬һ˫۾ԵȭͷӡһǶԳƣȥֺֻЦ
͡ĭʵûסЦ˳
ҶٸҲչȥ΢΢㶺ַ˵ķϣ㲻ƽϡ
ﻳ⻰ˣƲƲ죬ķһۡڰǷˣֶҲ˰ɡ
ΪĽɽɨأ˵Ȼ޴档
˵˵ǺˣﻳϵЦݣӻͳʥּӸ棬ҵĳ⣬ҫȥػǻΪʣܷ˰ɡ
ӹݸҶٸҶٸʥּɫĵ̫ˣҲš
ﻳ˫ֻأһЦǰҰһ£ҫ̳дͳĻ࣬Ϳˡ
Ҷٸ΢˼Ƭ̣Ƴۿﻳ誣ɱҶ׼
Ҷ׼ҶʺĿɽҲֻҶҵˣҫǰİʯҲûˡ
˵ǻ˫Ȼˡﻳ課Ŀ޵
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˵Ҷ׼ɱҶٸҲֻɱҶ׼ۺ˵ʲôҶ׼ԼҲ
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˵ҫȥ𣿡Ҷٸ˵ңѳΪꡣҪʱȥôõ£
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ǰˣֲܵСţˣǣƤЦⲻЦ㵽ô
Ҷ׼һɢҶʺ-ҹǣкʼȫʬҲĶˡҶٸ
誳ʼң⻰в׵ģ̱̬ȣҫȥȻ̫ӣ˵ĸӹ¹֮޸ҰΪίʵ۷ģʺֻһǱ¹
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誴˼ΣԸ뻪ã-ҫλ飬УΪ⣬͹ǧƥս۸롣
Ҷٸг⣬΢ͷӦֲǳذɣҫǻΪ˾ˣǽҲҪǣ
Ҷٸͼֵлֵھסȥǰɣʱӭǡ
ĳǳף»ʣӣͬʱҲ峯д󳼺͸ңҶٸǸˣҫǻΪۣǽңǿĺܡ
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ĭ⻰սҶٸ֣յԣл
ҶٸӣһڣӦģ˺л
ҶٸĻǳ˳飬һ칷ؼұȥҲϱˡ
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ҶٸĭڴϣѹĶͷȻ۾ӣ촽ǳ˼ĹĴշתãĶߣһ׽סӨĶž-ĵͳɤڶ𣺡˲ˣż˼ҹ룬ڼˣĪҪܾңĻˡ
ȵʮˣĭ飬ڴֺ£ڴֺ±ײ
Ҷٸĭ飬Ĳ-İɣַţ˽ֻҪСʱ֤¡һ˵һ˺۵
ʱڴ𽵹ֻѹͣԶ
ֻǣַ棬ѵſվڣڵĶһپȣϻƷһ㡣
ַȻſˮ棬ɼüĽš㿴ʲô
Իɻˡ
ȥܽףҲѡĻƵճɻ顣
ɻˣҹҪú÷һأ˵Ů-ˮ齻ڣǵʲôĸоΪүƵҲԴ˵أ
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Ϊ˭밡ûӦأүͷ˳ɻҹ壬֣ˣûӦ˵ؾ˵
֪үʱؾүؾⱲӱȢϱûϱͲүһݣپ޿ô죿
ʵϣ°ڴ˺鲼ɾɣУ߶پ徻˲٣Ҳû˵ˡ
ַ㣺

Ƭ̣ĬĬ

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һһһҹ꣬һ峿ͣˡ
˵ͣ⻰٣µʱ䳤ȴûлˮ
ĭأòӣǡ
ҶٸȴżݳءȻʲô۾ĭͣһʳڣô£
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ĭ£Цſʲôζᰡ
Ҷٸ֪ĭȤǰס򣺡˵ʲôҳĴף
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ҵķˣһ䶼Ҷٸַϣšһ£ʾԼĲ
ĭ֪᲻ģ˫§ĲӣУˣ˵㣬˰ɡ
Ҷٸˣһ£װ⻰Щܡ
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ҶٸһЦüҶЦ⣬յС˵˱ͼǻûԹԿɺã
ĭշϺΣŤһ£ͷˡ
չݺݽ룬Ҫͣճȥ˿۹ⶼˡ
Ԫ˧ֱˬҶٸļ˵Сӣ˵ҿЩǿ
ĭձ죬ҸطȥûҶٸ
ҶٸҲ֪չЩ⼸նĭ˯δڻֲ»ݣһգȻԸˡ
޹뷿֣֮кοɺߵġҶٸס۵ӣòŷſҹЩ١
ĭдŴҶ׼ºʱ뺢ˡ
Ҷٸ̬ȣǰſڱտڶǺǡ
뵽˴ҶٸͷҧסĶֻеһЩϡ
΢Ц㣬һŬˡ
Ҳ˲࣬ư뱧˳ȦϣȵȹȲĽֵ׳ӡ
ĭ⣬˫ۻסͷеһҶۣҡҡҷҷл㱡
ڵĶַԾվſڣһһߣ񣬿˭뵽λѶ˷ġ
׹ϼƽĭھڿҽ飬ɹ˰Σеһҳδ
ԺжҶٸѪģСһУҶٸҶ׼ذ״ˣԼĸ첲ʹ࣬ںۣĭ
ĭĳˣҶٸߣЩҲȥһʱҶٸò飬Խ溰һ˭棿
ַӦţˣңкηԸ
үȥĶˣĭ飬ſڣƿӳȥ콥·һ㡣
үȥķ²ȥˣʱԸǷԵȵȣܿͻַ㹰
ȥ˶ˣĭʡ
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ھУĭ˼ȥҶٸбĿģǳȥҶ׼ô򵥡
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˭֪ûһҽʮͣ뷢ףҽҩ䣬ŻųһСܶȥﻹţҲ߯󵨣ȻдүǲҪˡ
ĭ⻰סҽѹеƽʣλ˵˭ˣҲҽߣ֪ܷæ
ѵҶٸ˲ɣ
ӪжҽΪǫͣ˴Ц⣬ĭ˵ϵЦݱ߷֣ŶҲҽģҴְɡ˵Ŷĭڰ֣ʾϣһһĭʦӺˡ
ĭѦҽ䡣
ϵЦо̾Ѧҽҽտ˵ǻ٢Ѧҽĵӣҽ
ĭǫ鼸䣬һǰ룬𺰵ҽأҽ𣬸Ͻү˿ڡ
һδˣ̧ĭվ岽Զĵطﺰ˾䣺򣬷ˣôˣ˵һַ㣬о𱸣㿴ŷˣôģ֪үˣൣء
ү·˵ǣһʣþҽ˿ڣȰ˿ٻȥҲʡ÷˵ǣû뵽졣
ĭδشֱʣ˵أ⻰ʱɤЩ
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ַžһƣͲܺһ㣬ŷˡ
˲Լͬſڿȥĭƿӽȥˡ
һ䣺ʵʵ˵д𣿡û
Ҳʵʵ˵ү
ַ㣺
ĭʣֻҶٸϣݲ԰ף귢ڣһжסǰһƬѪûŨŨѪζֱǿꡣ
ô˳ĭ첽ǰҶٸؿڣҿ
Ҷٸץסĭص֣ҡҡͷС˵ްܳסȻȥɣ㡣
ĭһۣʲôˣصˣҲ٣ŵˡ˵ϸִϣ׼Ϊ
Ҷٸֿס֣ЪŰɣþҽƣ˷ģ᲻ӽĭĭ˼վҶٸԣóλãҽơ
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ˣжЩһѪ
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ĭҶٸĶ̣ʹ࣬ӲҡͷʾҲΪ
̾ϢһΪֻ֮ҵѦҽҽ߳а취ⶾ
ʦԶڽϣһһأҲҪ£¡µĻĭδ˵˶ף˵ܲҵˣҵˣҶٸҲһܵȵ
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ԣǲôʱ䡣
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Ҷٸûǣֱĭŷſһһδ˵

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ڳԯϣűؿ磬޲ǰһ١
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Ѿη嵱ҷˣ֧֧᲻Ը˵
ӹȻãҲҪ
ܽЦˣҾҪˣҼСұ۸ˣΪˣ˱۸ˣܲܡ
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⣬ö˶˵ô˿ˣ˭ǲˣʡ
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ҫȲģһ·Сܡ
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˹ĭͽ̹ǣͰԵͷĬ
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ش𣬰ʣ˾ˣˮʲôˮ𣿡
һϣ֪λشһʰʣ

105105

ͥǾĭˣЩ˶Ͱܱ˵»ˣˤˣ˵ۻĻ
˺Ѿ˵ģ˵ˮһǻǿ˵ģ˾ˣˮǺλúģòɲЩˮͿԱȵġ˵ֱ׳
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⻰ˮӿۿסĭ۵һˣףɻˣôŻˣһΪײҪˡ
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ɻûסҶٸһԡ

106106

ʮˣճˡһߴȥҶٸһٸһ˳סĭһ·ˡٲ
ܽؼҲĭҶٸȻ˿
ٸĹĵҶٸҾױңУҲԱ׵ġ˵Ŵյĭǰ뱧
ҶٸסٸӣƳһۣŮ겻ͬϯѴˣٲˡ
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ҶٸһȣһĭţһԺжĺǣСӣ춺ɥ־ˣǺúóһٹɡ
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Ʋѹúܵͣģ˴˿̵顣
ݳʮͤԣĭҫͷ§ٸۿģ˻ƵײԣҪúչԸҪ
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ĭ˵ʲôأԴ˻ԶδȢסҹʵûǸġ
д󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޣٹ꣬綼Ҫ֮ˣٲȢףһӹ˵Т޺Ϊ󣬣޺𣿡ĭһ˵һ渶ǮûƽҩͳȥԶϡ
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ߺһŮתԶıӰɫĪ
ŮӲǱˣС㣬ԶδޣįԶˡ

109109

Ȼʱ꣬ȻǵԶʵЦݣɾӣС
ǵǰԶ״ԪνʱһۣŵŹѥڽ˶ĿǰˣüۺЦ򣬾ҹŮңܹ
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֣̲סȥգղƳǰ⻬ϸ壬ҲĺۼҲ峺Ⱦϼݡ
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ϣҶٸ飬СϵĲյݸĭһǻȥұ㲻ȥˣֱӻؾһаƻ¡
ĭͷ᲻ע⣬ջȥˣ˻᲻˵ҿ˷򣿡
˷𣿡Ҷٸüʡ
ҿ㣬㻹Ҫ𣿡ĭʡ
ҶѾȢˣ˲˵ģҪ𣿡Ҷٸǰ뻳Уģһңϲί
֣ͣǰǰС˲ʶҶ࣬ͣǰǰ˾䣺Ҽҷ˲ڣ˭
ѩźϲܳС
С־ϲָѩźϲǣôˣˣҲˣֵЩ״ˣϿȥɼƿˣҲˡתܳߺţ˻ˣ˻ˡ
δ䣬ӿˣΧϲţˣˣɻˡ
Сǻ𣿡
ǿѽһ겻ˣˣҲ׳ʵˣããð
裬ϻˣáһСѾ֣ӣԭźСѾͷ˵ᡣ
ĭҶٸ˵һƿӣŽŵ
³¼˴ӵţ븮С
Ͱں棬СΧţŻȥĶòã´ҲǼʶʶ
ͰһһӦš
ϲѩűС˱ڻʱʱɤҲ͸á
ʽӽŽ򸮡
ҶٸĭȥˣԸҶתͷ뿪򸮣ֱȥ˾δߴţǴӺŽȥ
ܼҼҶٸˣ֮ǰɥɫ󣬾ȣȻԸԳˣҿĭĸӣɻ󣺡˺Сأ
Ҳַ棬ү߻Ҷź򣬸ǲ⡣
үСӣԸˣַҲˣ˵ܽغˣǱˣַ㲻Щ˵ȥˡ
ʳڣҶٸˣַһʱزҶź͹ˡ
ܼҵͷӦһʣСأ
ǼСӵģϻۿɰǹضãϲ
˻ˣȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽҶٸ뷿ڣڴżһȾϷӦʱʻĿ
ΪҪ̫ҽүӲʣܼʡ
Ҷٸδشֱӵȥ̫ҽɣ±֪㡣
ܼһһʹӣ˸ϵӣȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽּҶٸãүߺɨ͵үء
ˡҶٸڹϣѾ߽裬ֹ˳ȥ
Ѿ˳ȥҶٸֵͰסʱʲôԶﶼã˲Զ뾩һƬı⣬ȴʲôʵʹ
Сӣ˭ұܼۡҲ޵˵ֻм֪˭ȥģ
ѵǱߣҲǣǱߣ˭֪Сӵ
˵ЩǳˣΪֲֻ֮Ҷٸ
ôֲܼʣֲò
Ҷٸδ˼ΣǾ֮꣬Ϊͷ̣ΪáӹǣûѦҽȥ㸸׺ĸȥˡ
ʥʴȣûߣҶٸӹҰģ̫ҲºͣԺ˭Ԥϡ
˵鲼ϱ⣬ЩҪҫ̳УֻǮûȨһƽҪȨǮܷġ
ҰҶٸվ
Ϊֻ֮㡣
ܼҲǱˣ˼Ƭ̱֪ҶٸĴ㣬ϽĵүʲôūԸ׷ү
ҶٸȥҪľ仰ܼǸеˣǸŸ״µģ£˵¶
̫ҽúܿ죬Ҷٸŵû⣬⣬үжˡ
֪Լжˣнⶾİ취ҶٸƲǡ
⣬һĶκβԸһ֮ڷĶ˻δּ֮񣬿ѹƣ¡

110110

̫ҽҶٸʻ亹ͷҲܺǵͨ죬֧֧˵Ȼ
ܲΣҶٸʣЩ䣬ղŵ
ʼеĶա̫ҽͷ
˶ɽ⣿Ҷٸɤ˱
̫ҽĬβŻش𣬵ү¹ٻȥ顣
ܽⶾ𣿡Ҷٸʡ
ү˶̫ҽʡ
Ҷٸδж˵ˡ
̫ҽֵүҷſģ¹ͻȥҪƳⶾ֮˵ʰҽҩ䣬ҩͯţ첽˾
ȳ˾̫ҽվſڣҡͷ̾Ϣմ˶нҩȻϧˡ
̾һҩ̫ͯҽԺ̫ҽԺſڣ˻ԼǻߵС̫ࡣ
̫ҽæʵСӹ̫ҽԺˣʲôˣ
СӺ䣬ϵ֪ؾջؾȴδȥʣʲô񣿡
̫ҽʵ˵ˡСӲ°ˣŻȥδ˳̫ҽ鷿
ǰܱʼ飬ۡ
СӲǰţһԡ
ʽһĺã̧ۿһԵСӣʣظˣ̫ҽ̫ҽԺǱô˵
Сӹǰһ豭ݸϣүǵòжˣ̫ҽ˵յĶ˶ҩ䣬¡׶༪٣ɺĻ˵
ⲽ˺һŵ֪ˣȥɡ
СӦһС˳鷿
;ⶣ˵ˣΪζ˲Ŷ϶ɣĸֱûѧԷѧҩˣò׳ˣЩʧȥİ֮ˣѰİ֮ˣжˣ޽⡣Ϊζ˲
ŴϢʿʼšʵǰòš
ڼݾ룬ȥԿҶٸ
Ҷٸδǧƥսַǳأ˲֮
ΪʵۣӦʹЩʲôɾүˣʹͣӦʹʲôʷˣ鱦ƺȱ
Ҷٸ²ϻѯĲ飬ȴû뵽ϾˡҲãʡһˡ
Ҷٸ޺ϣмŰϰڷһ塣Ҷٸִӣִӣרע̡
㲻ھ壬̫Щʶ豭Ѻһڲ裬һöӡ
˱ȱ֮ˣֻǻϰ߳ţ˶ѡҶٸ°ӣִִһö
ЦЦδƤҶٸҹǳؼǧƥս˹ѫҪʲôʹͣ
Ҷٸӵֽ˽˼Ƭ̵ʳٺ»ΪǣΪΪЧ˳ӱ֣͡˼һӣӡ
ʼԼӣҲŭҪЩʲôﲻܾÿǷ㡣
Ҷٸͣһ£ӽУ΢΢˵һҪϡ
Ҳӣü˵
һ;ⶣ顣ȱĸ˸ҵȴҲ׽СҩųůҲˡΪⱲӾˣججգҲ˯Ҳˡ˭֪ʶ˷ˡˣƷ˰ζҿ̿ġѪĹ⣬֣֮ҲܵˡⱲӲ̰ȨƣΨһ£޶˳죬󣬼ʸҲϧҶٸ˵Уз⡣
ΪӣΪĭͺѰӻæӦеһ˳ģް̫Ҳչ˺ǵġ
ʾһֱ֪̫ʺ˸֮磬Ҳġĸ֮ӣΪ֮ԶҲ֪Ͱݣܼ⡣ףȴǵĻʲôӣһָⲻԸ⿴ġҶٸ
ʲôʡ
ˣǵݱԶΪܡҶٸʴ㵣һЦ˶֪ǱֵܣԲŻ񣬻֪ģˣݴ£ʱ򣬹ĵӱ˳¡
ҲԹ̡ʾҶٸһ١
ˣӲܼ̳λ߿ԱͰţǱҳƣûõܣֽվסˣ˻ᵭңֻͰƣֻǹ̸ҶٸٸסͰ˵һ㱣ϡҶٸӻͳһƿƸʡ
𣬿˼ʣʲô
Ҷٸ⣬ԼͰȺǡ
ҩҶٸ̹ȻҶ׼ɱңǻ⡣Ϊ˸ҫ·Ҷ׼ܻҶ׼ˣҶңҶʺ̫ӲΪ壬ҫĵ·ƽ̹ࡣ
ȻнҩΪλҪ޶ǿѾǧһġˣ˻ȢˣҲԸ֪ҶٸݣĲ١
Ҷٸ˽⣬Ҷٸ᲻˹߻ƣһͰһ-¶к֡
ҶٸʸǰֻҰף˽ɪϳȫ
մƿ˰ΣҶٸȻ޳ȫǡ
ΪͰؾӼ̳λˣ˭֪Ҷٸľˣɡ
ԼİСһ𳤴Ϊºܾͣȥˡ
뵽˴оƿҶٸУʱˣ޸ûȥˣʲôգ㡣粽ȥҶٸսƿ¶һĨ貵Цݡ
ĭ֪ҶٸѰźһС
ջظһվɡ½ľĭòġֻզһŰݷõ˲٣ᣬǽĸӡ
ĭջظȥ˵һ
ûе飬ŴС˱ˣʯͷ
ڸ䣬׼μٴ󿼡򸮵˵˻ˣʼţȷϣ֪ĭˣϲԽϲ쳣ȥԺ֪
һϢ뻻·Ȳˣɵȹ򸮵ˡ
򸮣ĭδָ㣬㣬ĵѾͷһ֪֮㲻Ƕż粻ʳҹµġ
ĭǰЦӯӯĸⲻǻԭһذɡ
˲˲ᣬִĭֱϣװһ۵ѵ㻹һΣ
ôҡĭæġ
ڣѯһһӻŻŽںţˣˣ̫ء

111111

ɿĭ֣ߴĭϽȥ̫룬Ҹ̫ˡ
򸮣ԭԺӻڣʯͷס£ĭӹ˵
ĭȹȥͰ׼˴ϣǻˣҪ밲ġ
Ͱٿʯͷ㽣֪״ǽæʯͷͣ£ǻֽǸ̫̫ӵġ
ЩСʱģҲл·ӵģﲢֵǮʤ档
ϣĭͰ󲻿ɺ֣ҪؾصģĪҪ¡
ͰڴӦʱʱ⿴ȥţʹ쵽˰ɣò̫ӵܵܣЩˡ
ס׵ĻҪʰͿ񣬲ĭ
ͷ̽ȥĭڰ֣֪ˣ֪ˣ˵˺öˡ
Ҷ䶼ˡͶ䣬ЦĭȻһ£ѽǴϲѩˣǶˣ̫ӿ϶ϲ
ǲ֪̫ϲݵĴ󹷣ϲûȸߵĹ
һδˣ
ȥѩţҲ֪ʱţųˡ
óͣ
սһͣ
ѩţ֪ĭôתת΢΢ףѩŶˣһȥɣ̫ϲѩţѩŶˡ
Ҳ顣ĭΣֻͬ⡣ͰллǵĭЦ§˵Цţת۱㵽̩͹
̫ѵˣͰЦеس֣ҵСԹԣðơ
Ͱ߹ȥһһ§̫󣬹ɺĸ
ϣƣһ겻ƤСӳˣҲ׳ʵˣСҲˣúúá̫§ˣϡһ
Ͱϣֵ̫ϲЦտһǡ͸Ǽӣǳȥ档
̫ˣвϲģл˳̫ӾסĶˡ
Ͱߺ̫ĭ˵һȥúòá
ĭһһˡ̫ҫٸȥˣԸģʱ˵ʲô
ĭӲʣҲ⼸µʱˣҫٸ븸ˣԲŻȥˣǹĸģʺã˵ÿء
̫۾뵣̾ϢǶˣȥǧģô׵ġǿ£ձ磬ĹѪҲܾ㣬Ҷ֪ܼܲǡ˵ĭ֣Ǻúӣллӿǡ
ĸǽףҵĺӣҲΪΪ˭롣ĭ
⣬ֵսܣҫλŵǧƥսձ飬ҫǻʵۣˣٸӦûǺӼϲܣĻᡣ
˵ٸӦû̫һɨ֮ǰ鿪ĭҶٸˡ
ĭʵԴ
̫ף͸ɲŮòǰ䡣
䣬̫ϼݵʺݵ
ǣŻʺ֣˷ܽĭҲڣ΢΢Щ졣
ĭǰϵջʺУɼǸиġ
ʺһߣĭº˲٣ǰסĭ֣ͺãĸʱ߶ǣǳ۸ֻ߳Բůġ
ĭл̫һ
̫֪ʺٴУֿ˻ŻʺĶʹƣ˵üá
ϣ̥ӣϵǻֻ̫꣬һӣϥµ׻Щ
֪֮л˵Ҳ岻죬δģˡ
ĭֺ̫˵˻ҳʺһǳ̩͹
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ĭ鿤Ȼ˵Զ֮ˣʺкʵˣԸһ£Ÿȥ࿴ԣҲö³ɻˡ
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ĭʣ˭
Ī˻ʺûʺϴͷ磬鿤ͻ鲻ɣ
Ҳʶҵб鿤ʺЦ
ǰʱգ֪Զڵڣרϸѡ˸١
˵ԶȻ֪֪ͻھлϵܻؾ١
鿤Ǹִֵӣȴ˵һԶޣðŮʵͷֲۣŮֻ뷨Զ
󵽻
϶Զӡ󲻴ͻʳ߳࣬ˮҲйӦˡ
ˣʺæĭԶ֮ˣ׼Ůˡ
Ȼ鿤ĭǼ鿤ģºͣ˵̵ġĭãɩҲ
ʺȣʣô֪һ
Ҹ鿤о֮綨ףֻѸ統ˣ类ף鿤Ҳ֮ˡĭͣһ£ֵ⣬֪䲻鿤
ԭˣֲһֱ࿴˼ңԭԵءʺ
۲òƷԶƥ鿤ۼײЩȨ죬ЩֻҪŮҸǱ㻶ϲ
ʺĭ˳һˡ
Ҳ֪ĭϢʺһϲ·˽ӽȥˡ
ĭ˻ʺ˶Ͱڶÿ
̫ӼҪȥвݣĭڹҪͰ档
ĭûʣҪͰ̫͵ſڡ
˻صУӵ
պ󣬾³ڽԺջ磬뾩ĹŮ;ջ
˵ŮӣʵԶ࿴һ£˶⣬±㶨ˡ
ظ˿ӣϴȥ׽Ūϼ£ĭǸĿȥ
ĭЩ΢Ŀ˭˺һԭϼϧϼȥˣҡͷ˵ϼȥ
ͷ˵ҲҪȥҪȥҲҪȥ
ĭ£㲻ȥ׼ȥ̫ӣա
ᣬͰϲ̫ġ
󣬽׼ĭ˵˵Ҷٸˡ
˲ŷ޶ˣصԺЪϢշɲ١
ҶٸֱȥĭԺӡĭ߽ڣҶٸڵ£һ顣΢ƵĵƹϣӰӰ´£֣ʮΨ
ŲҶٸͷĭӭһ֣߬˳ƽ뻳Уᱧȥ

112112

Ҷٸ˷ڴϣȥס˴оǵ⣺ҩ𣿡
ݵµ·̣ĭÿÿЩҩĳƫ
ĭ޷ֻвýҩ㲻ͬպһˡ
ڻһûԵ⣬ҶٸĽ߻Ϻûʱһ˵ķ˸Ǻζԣ򸮡
˭֪˵˰βŵȵˡ
ˡҶٸÿ֣Ҫ
ĭţҪҶٸϵĻж˴룬εҶѰ׵ˣվţٷýҩģӲʵĺܣ⡣
ĭһۣ˾䲻ҪʣҵǺˣ
һĸɱȫңºδߣͶˣ̡ҵʱֻչ˺ܵܺһáҶٸ˵
ĭʣǼӶˣ
ôЩʮˣкһʮˣһꡣĸȥˣΪĸɱ˷ڼҲѰұ㽫Ǵˣտأ˵ƷвͰҲˣСˣӸͰѾͷ͸ŷ˰ɣµ-һٴЩЩױ˰ɡҶٸĭ§ڻֲʵСȴ˲ĵط
ĭһס֣ҵ
ҶٸЦˣѹסץס֣
ʱ·ɢһأᣲ֪ʱ£ڼ䴫˵
ĭɤ̬
ºĭҶٸ첲ϣ룬Ľëĳ򣬺ÿˡ
Ҷٸһֻס֫ϸƵġ󣬷γȵġ
ļƻ֪һ𣿡ĭۣʵ
Ϸ˱Ͼ֪ͻȻѹɡӲãٳ⣬и̵ģܹ鲻á
ĭ۹ϷˣǲҶٸѹϷǧ㲻ԣҲﰡ
Ҷٸ΢ͣһ£Ц֪ʲôĭһ£пģҲŬ串˵Сٴδ
峿ĭۣѾˡ˽
¶ͭЦүˣǲŷˡ
ĭ糺죬סԹغ˵
Цˣһźĭϴһѯ緹
ĭˣֹлԼ˵ҶٸˣţȥЪˣƫɣĸһ÷
󣬽ĭ˵Ҳ˵ԼĿģͥжʮˣ괺Ǹжͷδɻ飬˼ˡ
ǰЩҲ࿴˼ңŵڸߵŮǵŮģڵЩ
˱ֳ̼Ұ꣬ŵڣֻͥҸƷкã֪֪ȵˣͥͺӡ
ҲȥˣȴʲôõĶ˼ȥԲģĭæ
ĭ뵽˾ջ磬Ӧ£һ˼Ҽʶ㣬ʶˣæ⣬ѡƷãòõĶϱ͵źȶϱĲɡ
Ҿ͵ˡЦ
չ۵˾³ĭһʰͣͰ󡣴¼ѾߣȥıԺſڣԶ
ԶĭǰкĭҲӵӣ
ĭԶƿӣЦЦҲյˣ
ƳƼ򸮵ı־ü΢粻һȥԺȻиʻŮľջѵãȻŹĻᡣ
áԶӡ
Ҳøţɶ޿ģ˵ʻ䣬һֱûкʵ˼ңܼ޳ȥҲһ׮¡
ҲٰԶƴǲˡ
ǸˣҲ֪ΪԶΪ˼
ûкʵļ˶ҲƤԶá
飬֪һЩҲȰ΢ᣬãֻ͵͵ȼøý㡣
ĭʺá
ĭ֪ûģҲãԸ⻹飬˵żҳȥˡ
ͣڱԺǰС͸ӭˣĭȥ
԰ˣ鿤鿤̧ͷƼԶæͷЦ糺졣
ԶҲ鿤ߣæĿ𴦡
Ǹ˾״üۺЦЯĭֳ԰ߣϴһһδˣһĶȥˣ
ȥݡĭ
һԶҼǵعݹϽɡرĲҼүˣΪǰ;
⻰ĭԶ⡣
ĭ֮⣬Цŵлүޡ˵ЩǫĻѾˮ鿣Ѿ߷˸ƷŲ裬ֳЩġ
Щĭ󣬲Բ΢Ц󷽣ŴҲˣ˭
ĭ˵常ҵŮˣǸɶõġ
֪ĭϲһīӣǼ͸
ƴǲϣīͨԽĵ𪡣
鿤ȥתת鿤⣬ǣȥ˱𴦡
ԶĿ׷鿤鿤ԶˣҲҸ뿪ˡ
Խ⣬Ůǵ˼á
ĭΪзˣȻȿڣղ㲻ҴţֱԵҹ鿤òˣ磬׿ԽϲҼȱһɩɩ֪鿤˼ң
ֱӣӣ»ϲҲ̹Ȼ˼ҡ
ϸ񣿡ĭʣҸ״ԪƷòţѧ峵Ҹŵʮӷ檣ϸұؽƸ鿤ΪޣУ
ϲԶһĭ˵ʮӷ檣ϲּؼ֡
Ӷౡ飬ʵүмͬͨѾͷء
ΪŮˣϣɷһһԼΪĸףϣŮиùޡ
ȻӦϵЦδϣĭ׺񼸷֡
˵˵ЦЦ˵˻ҳԶһӰȥ
ˣĭ˲ͬк棬ո֣˳ĭ
ĭǻ׷Ŀɵײǻʼˡǻʼڸ˻ʼ뺵ģֺǱڡܻЩ档
˭֪տԶĭȢ鿤ŵʮӷŻ檡
鿤˫ʮ껪ʮ껹жʮ꣬ĭҽ߳иʥֽЭܻжӵġ
ʺ겻Уǽ˿˵ģŻʺˣȻǽ˵ӡ
ΪζԸˡ˶Σÿÿáϸϸ֪ԵɣĭˣԶ£Ȼĭĳˣָβ
ԽԽԽѻƾʲô˶á
鿤ˣʼҿܸĸ谮Ȳˡ
ĭһĸˣоĵȴлʺ࿴̫谮ϿСЩ̣ûĭá
ΪԶҲԸȢ鿤Լף͸õһӣƾʲôȢ鿤
ջȥֱĸѵˣ˵ǲµĸ
µĸ̵ĻӳޣĺӶˡǿǳ͵̥
ⲻߵģߵǣԶ鿤ˮһ統Լǰ㡣
ƽڡ
ץסԱߵ֦ݺ۶ϣȴ֣ʹָЩǣΨæתˡ
˼ӭˣΪ׵ʮ꣬ӲʣһѾš
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һСѾͷҲǸ󵨵ġ

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ҶٸֽܼһܼվһԣʣүкηԸ
ȥ̫ҽ̫ҽߺ󣬱㴫زԲѵϢԭ򣬱˵ЩԷŭ֮»˹ȥҶٸվڴߣӿԺеĻݡ

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ܼҺܿˡ
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ϴ켣ۣѥ˱ϸղŵĶһ̫ǵȥ

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ĭ޽һ࣬һҿɺúõء
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кοµģҶٸ˵ֶյһܵȥ˾͵ݼĸˡ
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ĭӣҶȥ
Ҷٸĸ첲ƫ
ſڣҶٸͣ£ĭߵＸ䡣
ĭͷ̧żƫƷ裬ֱʣʲôѺүˣѵáֱߵ˻䣬̹Ȼ΢ӶŹݡ
ݿĭû뵽ųСгһܳΪɴĴڡ
ĭ˵΢ŭֵү˴к££뿪
ջĿ⣬̬ȳϿҵˣɻԸ֪ģŸһֱܾ㡣
Ŀŵǽǡ

116116

ĭ쿴Źݣ˵֪˻ʰ
˶ȻҶٸȵ
֪˲װ׿ίġ
δ䣬Ҷٸǽɢŭݸǰɷ˵ȭͷŹݵһȭ
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˽ӣߺ޷Ӧƣ֪թء
ɥ֮ʹ㲻ǺúõĻţɥ֮˵Ҷٸһ˿顣
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㡭ݱµ˵ȻĸףȴҲĸ׽֮ˡ
ĸףҲûĸ˲Ļʱûˡ
̾Ϣ̫ƫˡСˡ
ҶٸЦΪ˲㡣ĸŰҲ㡣㵱Ȼվ˵ۡ
޲ǵĸĸҳĸײԣԴӵ֪ǡ㣬㡣ÿˣȥ𣿡˵⻰ʱſ
ĸдҲĸףɽ˿ָΨܡ
ҶٸһԲ˼ȷԸȥ
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ҶٸҲЩ鲻Ը˾䣺£Իȥˣǵ˿ձء
ݵõ𰸣һЦúúãͻȥ׼ӷס
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ٸթȻѿȫô˻þʧϵĹǡ
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и׸ղ˵ĺү壬ʱ˸壬ѵǡҶٸĿ¶ɻ
Ÿȥ˾ɸûظֱ򸮡
ͰŰݷˣǼصš
ĭȴ˵Ͱˣղܻˣ
ŵſڣҲŽĭʰɸûֻſڵš
վſڣаӣƼһͣǰͰƿ
վƼЦǣ۾һˣˣߡ
ȻܾͰ͸֪ƫ㳯ˡ
û뵽˸үĻ
ӣεؿһް·СײŰˡ
ѡЦ
ͳһ֣ݵݸǰԣ˴ˣ˵ײˣ˶ϲƭС
ײˡӲ˳ֽӹݹ֣ҧһڣ۽ƳҶٸһ
ŵײҲײ׵ǻײײƫˡ
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ҶٸЦԹĴָ̾С۹ⲻڵܲɻȥ˭۾
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ĭ뿪ҶٸҲݴߡ
ĿĴɣöտܵܣҶٸۺ򸮡
ſĭĭ
ĭܾߴٳϳÿЩطǵȼˡ
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뼱Уŵڲߣ޽ؼǼңƽʱҲ
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ۿŮһһ죬˵׵ͣȴûףǸӵģ±˽˵ŮŮ࿴˼ңҲӰӵĻ¡
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һȢ׵ĲҲˣȢϱ߳ȥӶȫˡ
ŮˣױҲܷһЩЩ˵ܵŷ˵
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ش˦ֵ֣ͣۼҹ޲ȥƵġ
ұϴ𣿡ط˦ӣһ첽߳ȥ󼸲شˣ㵹ǿ
䣬ͼѾһλ˳
ʮͷģսѩ˽ΣӯüۺЦǰ촽ʣش˺طˣμ棬߶ţǼ¡ת»ӻ֣»⣬ŵľзϡ
طԽˣתݸӣ˵ſ׻ˣʲôǹˣظǼҵԡ˵һƣĭ
ĭһһ˵Ҳ֪Ǵ򣬻Щҩ裬Ů˵Щ洦ԳԣЧˣҲ
طǴӦˣĭˣѾ߷ϵȵĲԡ
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ʢȴĭ豭ҿӣһڣֵ̾ˣ˲˵ǼҴ⣬˶ƸΪϱҽҲش˺طˣСɶף˼ң
طһֱ⣬Ҵţϵ֣˼ңԿ䣬ǴŮ䲻ģȴòͣŮͨҲ΢ʶüܼҿҲС
ش˾̫УŮһҲÿֹһѡ
ط˷δţһۣϣԿ䣬ֽشТ˳˵ˡ
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ˣл˼ңӸüĿʣѧˣǽ¿ƽʿֻĸףһܵܣܵף׼μһٿԡǼŵˣҴ޽ȥᵱ׹Ůʮӷ檡ĭ˵ţĿشϡ
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ش˸оĭߣʣ뿤ԣļң
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κڣĭõ϶𸴣⣬һ˵˻ҳ˳
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޸ĸȴгԼȥף˿ʵΪһĸȽϺá
˵ǻʼˣҲҪģǸʱַǱҲÿ
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δĭš
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Ͱ֣һһ˵ѵܺǲɣ㲻ĭãҲҽ
ĭδȥԺӣȥĸԺӡ

117117

ĸĭˣܸˣضϵЦϼ֣ɣЩһˣβƥòϣȥţõʱ򡣡
˵ʵԽ󣬶Щ֮͵ˣҩЩĭҩŷӣǿ塣
Щӣ˶˵Ǯ٣⻰һ㲻١
ĭĸ棬Ų豭ЦЦ
ӣҲںģȴҲ⻰м飬ĭòĸǿ֪˵ң֪ģΪҲТ游ĸأ
㰡ǰӣڵͱ˭˵˻˺ӾǲһˡĸֺǺǵģʺΪû
ĭڶסգȴ˴̿ͣЩˣڼЪء
ĸϽʷ˺¡
ĭһһ˵ˣĸָҵķ䣺߯Ƕ֮輸죬СкιϵѾĻã˸ɵ£ҲҿӢǼҡ
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ЩҲˣ󷿵Ķռˡʹȴ󷿽񣬲ȻŮǵĻ²˳;
ţڴ󷿽ãռռţԺлˣռҲ١
ĸҲżĭҲСˣóɻˡʶĹŮ࣬ҲһۼҲҪŵڶߵģͶϱãһʸȨٿңΣǱˣȫţٹ꣬⾩˭ǵҡ
˵ңĸоƫ̻СһңԶҲǵĵճܱ衣
һиʵѡĸһˡĭ
ĸǼҵĹ
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Ҳϲ˵˼乧صĻ
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ĭˣ˴Ů£ɻһδУԽԽżӿɽӵݲͬգ벻
ĭմȥҸЩûˣҲȥҸš
֪ĭǴӦæлһ
ĸ⻰ˣˣ󲻶࣬ﶼúõҲ͹ˡ
ǰˣΪûˣ迿СϣʵܹӣҲͷˣָ˭ԸиӣҲĭ˵ġ
⻰ԡ
վšĸַԸ֣·ҳǼڼϵЦݾû߶߶˵ҲҿˣȻõĻ䵽ۼң
䣬ſ˺һˡ
СѾƿӣԶȸĸʰֶĭĭһ£¡ĸ
ĭҲĸԶ
ԺУĭȿڣ磬ĸӦȥˣ𣿡俩Ц
Զֳ鿤Ӱһ죬һۣԼҲһ
Ը׵ġĭǼвûгҲ»Сɩӽſˡ
ҷ˼ң⸮ҲˡмһСţԶſ游ĸƽʱţԿԶСǻ游ĸڣҲ
ĭһԶԼĿģ͵װĭ㣬㸮ϣԺδģһ仰˵ûûˣܲûûֵĸ
ĭЦ˭ù⣬˭ûû֣磬ǲ˵ߵˡ
Զ΢˼Ƭ̣ȷҶٸûûָĭһֵá
ĭҲˣȥ򸮵˵ˡ
Զ֪Ϊ˸˳ݣҶٸ׼ع˼ңȻʮǸңȴҲòء
ҲΪˡ
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ĭȥĸ˵游òЩˣߡ
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游̬ҲˣԴʱͬʱżС
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ͰſڣĭܹѯʣΪòȥĶˣȼˡ
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ſѱµˮйͨ
ҵټҼ˿ˣٿˡ⻹ѱйٱά򣬰ǲǰ֣ĵطЩˡ
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ĿԣĽ
ĭо˫м̫ණлںޣаգȴɱ⡣
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ԶҲĭֻǰͷ£ĭ
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˿֪ܿˣûܵϱˣⶼǺ󻰡
ϣĭ֪ģὫ˷ϡ
Ļ£ĸ˵ףҲ֪չΡ
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֪иҫٸҲ֪ˡĭ̾˿
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ĭͷ㿪棬עЩ
ֿҶٸĭȵȥòɿŴ˵ظɣھҪһŮΣ
һǶأĭüʡ
ҲҪŮҶٸһ
ǾһҶٸ
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Ҹ𣿡Ҷٸ
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ĭɫӻδȥ˹˸ӻ
򸮵˻δţ˸ˣ˵˹˸ӣģù˸˵˵ڹ˸ˡ

118118

ĭһߣһȥҶٸ
Ѳǹ˼ˣҶٸȽ׵˭ǣҪ˵
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ĭˣĭˣæЦӭˣλС̫̫Ժء
ĭûˣֻ˴·
ҶٸһֱסҲĳ࣬Բ֪ȥľү
˱ϷԺУδԺӱǹ˼۸ˣΪһūžͿ£ҿɲôƭģūۿû⣬˭鿤Ҫһ˵˭ù
ȥˣ̹ܽܽ㣬СӼҼҵģſڱտڲǸɱɱǸĵģɺͳǹϷ˵ѵǵȱˣ㻹ҪΣҪֵ˾֪𣿡
ϡӣģƣ˵ɣִһϲ
ҪģҶٸãǷҶٸͰѶҶٸĿǷֲϡ
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ҶٸվĭȻҲͰĻˣ˼ұûλãȻˣΣٴο޶
·
ĭ̧ԺߣҶٸס˸첲յԣСң³ȥһˡ
Ϊ֮ǣٲҪһˡ
ĭ֪Ҷٸ룬ü΢壺ʲôȥ
ȥ˻ʹϹ˼׵бˣһҶٸ仰ֱ˱ĭתȥ
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ĭת׼ȥһѾۼƼˣˣ
ˣǽĭΪˡôĭϰˣһʱûʶĿڡ
ߣ˶ĭˣĭҲδòף΢ͷʯѾߴȥͨˡ
˳ſڿȥ
ĭδǣͰϣ£ŵķ£ɨˣȻһҶ˵ūӣû⣬һٸӣҲǲҵģֻһȱУ˵ҶӦҲʡ˷£Ū˭ء
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бۿŹϷˣЦЩ˭Ϸкιϵ۸ҶӣϢˣÿ𣿡
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