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1

ﳯ̫ڣʮꡣ
»ڣһϮ˿۸ۣӱü
ﳯСӦ˴ʹǰﳯҪǼʶ󳯵
أȶ߾ܣ


Ұģ
գգ۾ƳΧüһ壬ڵһ´Ӵ
˿̣һżӴϣĸϳгȥⷿڣһǹװϷİ裿
ΪսͻӾӢӳθ߼ҽʶǳԼѾзҽעҩκܡ
ʲô
ĴӡȻ˽Ŵһ˷ܣǴԽˣ
ôѧʱûٿִԽС˵Ļôʵ
Ҳ˹ˣС˵ԭļ䣬ôͳ˿հף
ȻС˵ƭ˵ġ
֨
ʱͻȻˣһۣӣݣĴҴҡ
ڴϣ΢΢һ̶ɫŭվŮӡ
Ǻúõ𣿡
û˵ѣţСȷʵǲˡ
ڵϵɫţۿ΢졣
үҲǨŭһѾľӽ̵ġ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
һԼøҡǮŮˣûƳ磬ƺһ
ˣ±á븸׹кһǣҪЩɡΪչ·æˣ㰲Ϣͷ硣
΢΢ףԺеļ͸õƬӿ
ֲ֮ǰһԭļ䶼ûУԭΪص˻ûг֣仰˵ҪӦ¼䣬Ҳи̡󽫾յĵŮղǸҡǮԼĸϡ
ĸҡǽӢۡԼĵ꣬ĸ׺һϳɱУȴȪ
ĸ׸ǾԼǷá
һ굽ͷʱսˣ˼ĵУ
ǴС˻Ӷ˻Լ£еĸϣԼǼֵܽãŪˡ
ȥҲкԼǰ
θ˵ģ
ڴϣֱǰʮŮ
С˶Сҩ󣬱㲻ʡ£ūȥǱߵūŲū澽ȥ˵ﻹûѣūļſڵүˡүӹڻū澾˵СԲѡ
Сڵϣίֱת
ţԽֲеıر¶
ԼᴩԽ壬ҲżȻԭȻΪҩжˡ
֣ͬͬ
ʲôûй㡣ˣҺȵҩڲڣ
ܲŮǰ޿ˡ
Ƴ۷ľָʲôУͭ
ôҷûоӣ
˻һԸоСϵĴ㵡
С㣬ū澰ͭ𣿻УҩЩūžͽˡ
üšһᣬҩĺɷݣҲˡ
ˣȸŪԵԱ˲˼顣
һ֮֮
ԣСҲͳ׼ȥˣһڡ
ҲôһƲ̲ס˳ǡ
˵õİͭأ
һƲžǲ
ϸžˣɫ˲ͱˡ
ôԼڶʮһҲˣһ֦ôһԽ˸Сƨ
ˣôǻˣΪˣƾļ˵ķ
ʱһСͻˡ
ûӣŵһζ֪˵ж
ûԶˣҲ
緭˸ۣ
С㣬ƽʱԵñҪأū岻ʣóٷࡣ
Сһ㵡
ֲóһĶԭǸ
˷̻࣬ʵسԴﻹôϵĶ
С㣬Ƕ˶ðôҲλС㣬Ҫүġ
˵ĲǱˣǸ׵̣ϡ
󻹸ѾԼС㣬˼㡣
Сôԣθɣ˵ĸŮҪǴȥ˭أ˸棿
üЦžһϣһ
ԭţĶԹҪΪԭֻع
΢΢һ⣬Ǹ޴С
в˵ţ˼㾹֣Ҫ硣
һ˼㣬ǸԵļһ
ž
һƣ˼ϣˮ
ԵŮ޹أԲѷǾ븸˭Ĵȥ븸ף
£Ŀбӡ
ңȻҴң㡭
ž
һƣ
ĥʲôѲɣ뿴СԲѷСͷ𣿡

2

˵˼ԣȴҲ֪ն谮
һ羹Ҫȥգɫһ䣬֣̿ʶϿȥ
С㣬Ҳƣ֪ˡ
˵֣꣬һ䡣
糯ƣС£Ҳġ
˫һ̲ס˸񣬡лС㡣
վһԵ˼һˮеķȭգĵظ뿪һ˿䡣
ۿ˵Ӱ뿪ͥԷЩ㱣ܾǳξ
С㣬ô󣬾͸˸Ƶã
С㣬ҲΰɣոȻϻС˸
һݵؿ硣
ϻǲèأ£ȥüװСҪȥ顣
üëһɷ
װ翴ͭеԼɸ̾ʵСﳤȷʵǣҪĶһ磬ôҲǸ湫ӡ
˽ȥǵĴС͸21͵Ĳнһ̷֣ߺȲϣͣͣߡ
Ů˵ԣⲻֻû꣬Ͼ˲ٶˡ
С㣬ūðɡ
ԼСѹûᶫ˼ūŵģ϶Ҫˡ
21ƽȵ˼ٹ̣մԽ粢ûзԸ˵ϰߡ
û£Űɣֲ࡭Ȼٲġ
ʶѿڶĻһᣬֲһ䡣
ž
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ڵϵӻϻһˣѪ
ֳֽ޵ˣɷڵòȴĿݣ˻ӣ𩣡
ɨһۣӥĲܿע⵽˹վһ໥ĸŮ
㲻÷ѧҲܲ³š
ĸ§ŵŮ߷ֺ͹ƣɸױȴĸŮаֵۡٲȻϵ¾˺ۣǹΪ
ڷΪʲôᶯ֣Ƿµһ
Լ
С㣬ǻǿЩ߰ɣĪ˰˻ӣ
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֪䣬Ⱥеķ𩣬߿
Ϊ˭ԭ󽫾ϵС㡣СҲ֪Լ˿ɲʶװʾˡ
Цһ΢С
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С㲻Ҫٶײ˻ˣСʵǰסˡС˷ģСҲŹ޶ˣ
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ȻǸôˡ
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Цһ𳤱ޡ
˻ӣŮС£˻ӿҪһӼƽϣʲôŮе
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ⲻǽĶС𣿹ȻǾˣĵȣֱһһ¡
˭˵أ֪ģã֪ģΪء

ɫȻǰһж޹أֻǾؿŹŮӡ
£üͷǶС̬мȤ
ˣظ
һӣҲù֮ظ
ȷϽȥŴӵվһϮˮɴȹչˣһԽ˿ľǶĵüй⡣
裬֬Цٻ⣬Ŀ⡣
Ī£˻Ѿȥ
ȻһЦ֣ٲȻһɽģ
û¡
̹ףȷʵû¹˭һ͹ڵˣ
ò¾ͺãŵ¹˾͹ˣǶö˶ι䣬ǰ¿һ֬꣬һȥ
ЩΣȴҲԻ⣬һ˲ŵ
ˣá
絭Цж
ݷŵ21ͻǸƾô֣ܶùӳԼ
һ뵽⣬㲻ɿЦ
Լǰʮˣ˭֪һԽʮĺӡ
£عȻ߽һڡ
㣬е֬꣬Ķأ
ɫһѲڰˡ
·Щ·㵽ˡ
˫Ŀһ𣬾Щң˲Ϣֵ̬ñ¶ʲô
ಡ

3

壬ܶˣ
Ŀڿһ֫ԣ޷
˭
˾ģ
˾͸ûһѹͲֱԾһҾ¥İᣬŽ¡
һܣװţĻƢ
֢Ҳάӣܿ죬ָܡ
ץΪ£
ӥӣӰﵭĮ
С㣬Ҹով㡣
崺硣
һ˲䣬Ŀڿֹ
Ǹ
ǰ磬һԪҲǸϣΨһˣ谮
ϧ˳Ӣš
ˣôԪƣҲĸ硣
¾Σۿ΢죬Ϣŵ
Ϊξҡ
Ȼָ֪£ݵͼ
ҵֶײ˻ӵ˿ɲ࣬Ҷ㣬ܺ档
䣬Ӵ˳ģƵġ
˰գò׵õһα
硭
ʶغżеĳνˮ͸ߵµ
磬Ұ簡
ǰˣĿʹ
̤ǰǰһ㣬קԪ䣬ȴϣһͻȻᵲǰӲֹĲ
״ɫ΢䣬˲Ϣֵ׽͸
ûá
ֻӰ˰֣ԭֳеˣȰʧˣ
ҧ´ǰӡ
ѵС㿴ˡ
Цϵ֣ô档
աաա
Ħ˹룡
һϲ˼ʣˣ
աաաա
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ӦĦ˹룬ָ΢΢Щ
ԪͫһȷǰŮӣǳԵס
Ҫ֪Ħ˹룬Դ1837꣬˰Ƶ¡άģ֪
磬ôˣҲ𣿡
ĬãԪţϤĳۡ
ԣͷһᣬС̲ס
ããּˡ˵ԪĻʧʹޡ
Ԫ˵Լô紩һΪⱲӶˣһΪҲûˡ磬㣬һ˻úۡ
ŻŮԪģҲһһġ
ɵѾͷܾˡ̺·ˣԻһ֡
Ԫͷ׵ĳ磬·Ҫˡ
ڰ˰죬ǴԪĿŪȥ
ǵһϵ壬ѪԪС̣Ҳѧ˲
ʱĸ׸ռ㵽Ƕʮ꣬ӶһҼ̳̺ĸ׵
Ԫ֪£⣬Ӳİ磬ɱһѪ·صר֮֮£˸жԡ
͵֪ᴩԽ֮ͬϣǣҲ󽫾ϵСԼͬȻЩ꣬һֱڰй磬ϴĸŮĶɱ
磬Сһֱչҡ糤ˣԵǰˡҲԼ̫ı¶ûС
ǿؿԪȻ¶ġ
ԣԪҲգ֪ô˵̾˿ͳһ21Ӣ鼮
֪ƢԽ̵ĳӢİģͷ㱻˷֣Ҳ޷̽еİأϵĽúýе֮ǧ¥ҵģ£ѰҼɡ
Ԫ飬лϲŶԷһЦ
磬涺ʱ乻ˣ㡣Ҫٲȥָݻʲôء
òؾۣҲԪôֿݿɲʲôʡ͵ĵơ
ǧ¥뿪ֹһѶŰݡ
С㣬Сˣ
ջظһС˳ɤӻϲغţ͸һ
û°ɣ˵;б˰ˣ
һǣļϸ꣬ԼıŮκεʧ
ԣһƲýת˲ŵݾ۵ס
Ҵţ·㣬˵ȥ¿֬꣬ȥֵĵңѰǣҽ˶ֲϵڣ붺㣬ͳע⣬ˡ
ֿĶһʱ䣬ѶˡԲġ
紹ŵһ˿⣬ίģǵۡ
ѣǱ˰ߵģ
һ⻰ּյĹƫģʹ죬ûģ

4

죡ֲϵڣǸͬ˵ȥ¿֬꣬ľͬ£ΪԸ׷ȥҪŭҡ
ɫһһӣһɱ֮ǵ˫һʶعڵϣ
ĪҪŭҪ
յ˳۰Լĸ׾ЩѪѹ
ŮĹģյɫ˲ͺˣüЦصͷӦ
͸ϣ˸۰ԼĸףĿһů¶õЦݡ
״΢΢һοͷдźԪͬĳ硣
̶̵Сʳա
ҹͥԷڡ
͵ƣǱӢ˳
Ľ裬翪ʼڵ֮˭֪ǹǿǸͯƣܿƵģ
Ȼ䣬˷˳ȥصײſϣĿӿһѪ˿Ѫ
ģˣ
һҧӵɫ΢
һȷʵˤˣԼڵ֮һʱ䣬޷ס
˼䣬ѻһװ飬ˡĹ
ҹԪѵ֮ȶ֪쵱˵棬᲻˵ɾͷɣ
ˣ
յǧ¥ͿԪڵ·֪ҹѰ
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Ԫʱſסڵ֮
컹û绹Ԫѧ˸ź׵Ҳ۸ǧֽףֱӵִҪŵС
æһҹûа׷ࡣ
ۿŲѾ絹ҲţԪգգ۾͸һɽ
Ͽˣиǧ˵ģ㻭ͻͥԷ£ȻҪȥˡ
Ҫˣ
֪ô˵Ԫǲܾ䣬ȴ硣
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С㣬ū
һҹδߣ׼һᣬͻȻ
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СС㣬ϵĶûˣ
ŵǾǻϲҲŪݷԵˡ
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ԭʼҲ֬
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ʳ嵭ü棬ƤȻǺˡˣ㻹û˵ôͥԷΪ£
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⼸Ƿӣմʹѵ뵽ƽҲ磬㡣һ빬ǵӣٳɼԵҲοˡ
ݳϿҵؿ磬Ȼ˰С
Ͷģͬ˻лԼѲɣϣÿּ𣿡
һݣΥ
һ⻰ݵҲţݵؿ硣
ǵ˶֪˻ȥɲսУȻӮɲȴˣԭľò˲˵û˷õ˵˻ӵȽ⣬ֻߣ޷ü޹ȥܿడ
˵˵ţĸһʹ
ҪǳݵĶָ绹ᱻǰĻжء
Ȼôң磬ͬȥ͸˵˵
ûһ˿ڡ
ŴŮӣΪ졣
һʮĺӣܶˣ
ԣԶ˶٣һ˿ݣΡ
µҲͷףõ£վҪԼġ㻹ûȥ׼׼Ͳˡ
ݳԱˮһӣʹˡ
ôһţҲ˯ȫޣ鷴Щء
ССĽٲ˹ĶǣĺΪѪս
սָʲô۶ء
һݵҲûпԼӣĵòˡ
յ˽ԥһᣬһɴϣŴͥԷȥ

5

˼ɴҲ֣ΪΪڵĶ
빬󣬴ǵ׾϶իϢеҲ԰ι䣬Ŵʹĵ
һիʶؽĿսŵϡ
Щ˭ĻиɴŮӣ
󽫾׾죬ϷںԺ飬ŮǰǸɰŮӣҶСݣһò㣬ϼֵŮӣС˼㣬˵ɴŮӣ¾ޱС㡪硣
ֲûɴÿе֪֮

˵СĶ
üһ壬˵Ůӿȥдһ˿ɱ֮ʲôɣģ
ƫǿŮӻģȻһӣիڵˣ߿
ĿϢŭŮƽʡ
ݳĿ˸ɰĺò͸ĵǣһΪǸ֮
ŲֵĻᣬֱ꣬Ӵ
˼Ҫ׷ˣ
絭ƳĿ΢У͸һ˿а
Σ
ߣĿһ̲סҪի˵עϣҲԸ˶档
ȻҪ׷ŮлĿ
һ仰˵ڳ˶ˡ
˼ҿҪ׷ôС㣬˼ҿлأ
žž
һ룬ӣݺݵ˦Ŀߵ֮Ůζϡ
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һؿĿĿ̹ǻŭĿ˵ƿԡ
磬Ҳˣ˵ܴģ
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ĿƵĻţ£ã㣬磬汾ȥ԰ߡ蹫üһᡣ
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֪뿪ãǰŮӣ˲䱾Ա¶
磬ܰǼһȵƨҷţ
Ȼ䣬ﰲһתĲӣЦؿ硣
ﰲ裬㰡С첲СȵģŪˣ
ԭֵվڷԱߵ½ãһڷ豳ϡҪǻիŮӣǸһٸӣҲô
üһԭȺƤǡ
ˣ֪ĻΪ㰵ء
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走ƾɶÿ˶Ҫң
¿ľģ֪һ͸ըëСèһ
Ȼܹﰲ浽һȥģ϶Ǹֵ
ΪС㳬ɰ͸˵ˣ㲻ҪװŮһӾƹˡ
½óգգ۾һѴļϡ

6

ԸͶ½ҲԼ˵˳
磬Ϊһֱɴ
ԣ绷ܣ˵ˣҲֱ̹ӽɴ
̫ÿˣ˼ʡ
˵ģȷʵǺÿ˼ʡ
磬ҶҪˣ
ﰲһĽؿ磬ֱǸдİģ
ʱˣȥμӹɣĪˡ
ؽɴãһקźȥʤͥ
ƨɻûȣʹ͵ˡ
꣬΢˴ǰϹҴţͷһƥһ㺮˿һƥʮţ˲ꡭ⣬һ챦ϰףﳯƽҴ⣬Ϲ
һˢˢعڵϣϵľ֮𿪿ڡ
׼ࡣʹǧҲһʱϢһᡣ
̧̧֣ʾʹ̶ͬԵ̫䡣
л΢ۣ⣬ﳯûʲôѶȵģ磬˽⿪⣬΢¾Ʋɣ
֪ʹƫƫƣº󻹲ģϻʵ˽⡣
һ⻰Զ˶٣Щǡ
˵˵
һһȺѼӺӣ֪һʮֻţʱѼӵվһжʮֻţʣѼӺӣֱмֻ
ʹñֱһؿʵۡ
ꡪ
죬Сѧδ֪⣬ŵŴȻ⣿
ԭһûסЦˡ
Цʲô
ʹ͵һӣɫЩѿ
Ȼʹ֪ûѶȣֺαȡأ㿴ŮӶ̲סЦˡȻ˵⣬ܲܳѵģ
翪ڣȻ䣬һϤ⴫
һֻϳۣɷߵӣŵ߽ʤͥ
ӭ˻ӣ

Ҳʱע⵽ϵĻʵۣһ
ӴʹϾ͵Ű˻Χˡ
Ȼ˻Ӷô˵ˣ΢λС㣬⡣
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㣬㣡ǣǵ⣬һ赸ֻý࣬û֡
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ﳯȻʿĶ࣬ҴڻԵ£˱Ҫһذף͸ϣ

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˶ʣǺŲĹ
˿̣ڻλϵĿгﻮʲô

7

翤˽´ɴҲͰˣҪϯϣɴ
Ŀ̣һؿ硣
˻һҲʶؽĿϡ
˻ӵδ˴ϻۣòǣ翤ժɴ΢Ǳ۸
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ĿϵЦŨˣҪľ˶עò
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Լ۰СŮô˵ˣʵ۸üЦͷǡ
ʵ۶ϿɴȻǲȥ϶ײˡ
УɻģĪˡ
ԼŮʲô˲֪׵ô᲻֪
յľٶ㹻ˣﰲô˵졣
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Цһѹûb
ǲǷޣ˵һģ˸磬ǲ֪ղŰҲ˵˲Ļﰲһϲ
ԣŤͷò޵磬Ŀᣬ΢΢һ
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8

˽֪˼ò˻ӸǶ谮мӡ
ʱݹ뷿дϢϢ豭ˤŮ˽Ъ˹˻
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κı£ҲûСˮһԵŮֺõ˵
תһ룬ôƾˮӮ˵İţһ˿΢Цͫɢ˵ϡá
׼һװˣҲ׼һװɡϲɫĦȭƣ׼ɵʲô¶
ǣС㡱СҪЩʲôѽɻ󣬿ԼӷԸˣȻӾͺˡ
װϣĳȥ
үǰ治ССƺܶ࣬Ҳ˲١ڵܹʱĶ˵
սԶΪ۵ף˿ЦáԴӹ鸮վԽòԾԼŮòˣʱ÷֬ԸƺҲѿ˲١ŵظһʾ
ȥɡǳ磬̧һת鷿ȥ
ŮװӢˣٲȻһ湫ӡȻòٻƻŮĿӡ״ֱͦ壬ֱĿĵȥ
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翴һϵеĶͱ飬Ц벻һ˹˳һ˵ôȰĻǿɰˡ뵽21͵ԼսͻӢӶӳԼԱ˴ûйһиִɾ䣬κŪˣѶ25꣬Ƭ̵ķҲΪĪź
ָĻᣬԽˣȻҪһѻ̵Ǽ˷ֽš
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һ𱶥һˢ˹ɷ˵İѹ绳ƣӿǼҺ죬أȡҲһϽʹ˸񣬺ᣬůˣɽļתּꡭתˣֳ
ʹһһ뻳УϸָӣͣһѹסϷŰǡү˸ˡ
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Զһж۵ףе˵Ůˣ¸ձͽ˵ĸǻûɥĸ֮ʹ߳˻ɣǸʶ̧ٵĶƿһҪǿмɫ͸ϳȥˣӵĺѣǿǶ㲻ȥˡŮ˻дżĳЦ
ϱˣҲһֻ۱һֻ۵ĵ־翴ȥˣƫƫϣ21˭˲֪۸ŮˡοѰӣӲƻ˺顣
ס֣

9

ס֣Ӵ󺰵״סҪִõʾⲻҪġ˵ҲδҲ̫ϧˣѰģܱһС¶¡籾ʹϢˣȴ˵ĲвŮĶôСѵôôٶ²Ȼһʰ
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Ӽӿ첽ǰ壬̧ȭͷȥϧȴһϽȥһʳأ˸ܽӴϰϵĽл
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ʱеС΢΢˶ŨܵĽë˼£˫ƣۡ
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һ˿翴ĸˮ

10

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11

綨һӰºڷй˸һĹâò续һҲʵ
ֻһɫۣҲԽ̬
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æһڳ֪ΪȴﴫʧιڴʲôѣܱɫͷԣĴһЪ˹
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12

ݼæͷ˵ϲŭ޳ǸΣյ򲻵ܶ˼ġ
ֽë˼Ƭ̼䣬дһҳֽ
ǲ͵ĸϣмɲҪ˿ֽݡݽŮԸ
һ˿̣ΪԸһ粻öˣԽ񡣡ݳ˼
ռƻִУ˴αһ
˰£ձѽڡվ󽫾ŮҪȥʢڽڸ
죬λСһһݶ˼˵ϣһ·ʲôҺںиӦҲܱǡ
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۴ĵΣ׼ʱ䣬Ըͷԭ·ء
ͻȻ·һȺɽһķͽֱȥ
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Ƶı˦⣬ɽ¹ȥͻȻһϤӰס磬һͬء
籾׼ӭӾʹ٣ʹгٳδȴѰڻڣԼŵء
͸϶ӵݣҴһۣ׾Թ϶
̼䣬бˮˮп־к¸Ǹж
ÿΣյʱֵĶ㣬𩣬𡭡
Ժ˵类ڻڣһ·вʯͷʹ
̱糯ǰɽ·ȥ类һͻȻŪҴסӵ˫ֶҲҶӲĲС
21͵ı˱ÿﱻѵ⣬ԱһľͷһﶮʲôϧҲδŮˡΨһ֫Ӵÿѵȭߡ
뵽ЩһЩɬ͵͵һ۷Ĳû뵽ȴĿԣæԴ
˫еǣƺȴŭΪʲôأһԼ˰ɡ
붴ڣ𩽫£漴ת⡣ǸɵҲܿھȴֲ֪ιʡ
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촽סԷʪȵϢϣСˢĺֵֻܲͣס˵š
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Ϊȱӿ죬ƾܵ˫תΪץס˵½ָؽЩס
ѣθǰ˲Żſ촽
һƽĺĵԼУСĺշһĨҺ졣
ޱȹ˳˵ʵ˰ɡ
һ۵㲻Ҳ۵ùǺǿװ򶨰ˡ
ˣ˼㶨Ǳǽˣ
Ŀ㣬ߣȥˣҲġƽ˵
ǸϽȥɣץסĻ֡˵ŷĴ־ߡ
ͷСֽӿ΢Ц
类˦ڵ˲䣬ͽѱ˾ߣȻҲûٹֻǵӷԸһҪסС㡣
ֻԶһŻŮˣЩ뺷ķͽŵֱ£ʹԼһţ־ˮͿ޻ױݡ
үүǽС㣬ҪǮұǲ˸ǡ˼ǰͽһ˫ֻͣ´궯ﻹʲôСӡ
ԭԸˣҲˡ
ȥϷ˷䣡ͷͷĿµ
˼㱻ⶪϣһʹ
˵۸Ҽݶģ˷ͷҲûɫΪλݶˣ˵ŻƲ˼һۣˣؽ񷿣ҲعĸϷԸ
ǡһĿĴ󺺽һѿ˫ȲʵҲûһ˿

13

˼һ֪˵磬ͣϲδ˵أͱ񷿡
Ĵҭ˼ˮֱ˫ȭ֪ԼǱ
гһգ츮ţҪЩȫҪ
ݼݳǣֻһʵʵĺС㣬ץסһŮӣһˣץŮѾ͵츮ˡ
һ˼㣿Ҫץһ̧žͰѺߵϡ
Ȼʧִ֣ܿܵ︮ϣµֻ˳ˮۣƻȥ˼㣬Ȼһ򾡡
Ӵ˱ĸ󻼣Ҳá̵š
²ˣȥ;У·ͽ粻֪٣˼ȴͽߣڻйɽ·æؼҸϢ
ֻͷѾɢױѾմ·Ҳҳ滨Ŀ˵
ڵĴϾ𣬸ҪԸʲôͱԶϡ
Ǻüı߱˵һԵķĶ硣
硫Ϳһæ˵ûУõ
û¡ͣһ£Ȼ˵ʱ㣬ûȷͽֱѾݳ³Ϊαӣ
бضթϣ¡
Ů˵ֻ֪±ã߱ɺαץɣοôͰܱˣݿߵ
ձ˵ͷתһʱ֪Ǻá
ۿСڰ;еתɽ֮ͽֱλСĳᣬῴͻȻһɱ֮
ҲϣӻδţΣգϣ󽫾ܾ¡˵
Ȼ˻ӿڣ΢ض£ͽ½Ԫ֪ԪҲĬϡ
ʱįΪ˻û£ֻҪؿƿ㲻鵽Լϡ
ڣΣһû̿øϽʵ
Ҽû£ΪʲôҪóϣڽ֪ү˽ʱѧУ
ʹвҲ˿©ɫҲ͡
ԪǹһĨ΢Цֱ򺮲
żλصĸ׺һ׵ĵܵܣԴӽԺ󣬸ÿ¶ɴȥβǮԹԴĸ׵Ĳ᲻ҾͲö֪ˣȰ㿼
䣬Ԫʹǵĳȥ
үȵȣ˵Ҷ˵֪Լ˵֪ΪТΪ󡱡
գСҸŵù˽һ͵Сĸϵĸϣ˵ǧҪ˷ݡȻɻҲֻܷ
̧ͷү﷨˵үңֻ֪ôˣūҲֻǸˣ治֪ŵ˵
ƽүºͣ񡣽տɱ֮˴ķ˿˵Ǻ¼ˡ
ִԪӢţһ˹¿꣬޿õŮȴ米غΡ
죬ְͻԼߣݺ
ǣϡԪСظڡ㳯ȥ
ԪյķţѲࡱǺΪ
˴
үǶСĸд˷ţĪҪ˷֡æĴ
Ļұæ츮֤۲һлڣڲ񷿷Сڡ
¹츮йأһֽѱ٣޴֤
ȰѶСڸһ£ú÷˼ԼĴ£սüһ֪Ĳᡣ
ţձԪһЩȥ츮˼ӻ֮ǰȥȫջأ츮ڵصͬܿһ㡣
츮ԺӴԺһլ
ң֮ǰƵͷվһաѹԼҵΨһĿɽҲˡ
ɾҲģҲܾ䣡ƫҪ˿ӣ÷֪δŵӲǸ˹֣Ůƾʲôܼƾʲô
ڷڽЪ˹źȴҲӦԺһƬɪɪƻլ乬һ㡭

14

ͩԺŮͥԺֱݵķȥ
ÿЦģһµ䷹ʵʣ˿˲١
˵ʲô˲ҲˣЦһ˵ǽıʧܣʯͷԼĽţɥȪˡ
ɫ㣬ĽҪ㵨ٶԽˣͱҲ˼ѪԵ֮ǰһ׮׮һҪ
⸱ģѱѣ̸κˣƣ̬֮
ֻצġ֮һȼձϨֻһᡰɽ𡱡
н仰Ҿͷˡϣ߳⡣
߳⣬ƺ˺ܾõĻ˳С㵱뷽跨˺𣿡
ȻĿҪڿ쵽ˣֻҶС㣬ֻȼҵĶʻ𣬼ƻʵʩüɫ˵ԼСĻ
˵²ԸˮֻһЩ鷳ѡ
ȻգգĿ۾ֵҰȥҳ˾޴죬ǾÿЦá
֪ҪӺԼȴܻңڵֻˡ
أݵķűһ߿һɴŮˣžһֻŮ˸һʵʵİơ
ŮˣգұΪǺģŰһ㣬û˶񶾣ݺ˽°ߣһݣ
˼һԼɴһĿĵ˰̱¶ڿ֮У˿һ򼣬ЩŻ
˼ӷŭʼΪЪ˹ź
ĸɵĺ£ұԺһ׳ҿ񷿣й֮£ֻƴֿһ޸֮Ůӵķֻͬײ󣬷ŭ˦ϣϲһѪۣҳª׶ʱʧȥȤǱס࣡
ұȳ˿ڳٳûкת²ſʼ裬ԺҲû취һʾˣˣҵһӾôٵˣⶼǰͣû㣡Ůˣȥɣ
˼ͻȻǰݺݵסݵĲӡ
ݱɫ࣬ӺӲǼ֣ġǡǡŶԡ
˼缸ֵľ˼֣ݸϽ˼˳סؿڴڴڵĴŴȱ
ұΪŮһͷҪǲҽöڸڱ޳ͷ֮ա챾磬ɱ֮ȴû뵽·ɱҧ类˻Ӿߣȴ
㻹벻ֻҪһڣް֮ɱǾҲǾ㣬Ըܺúúô˼Ͷȥһζ
˼üͷտڲԣȻǰ˵Ļ˽ȥ˼Ȼݵ·񣬵ȷѺ֮ǡ
ͷҲص˳ȥ֮¶˽ƻЦ
磡þòҶˣֻһüݣͯպ׷Ůֱӿĸ첲˳ƽճϡ
ﰲһĿ磬ȵĿҪȼյȴҲĽԼȥⰲ蹫ǹġ
δԽˡ
絹һҲ񡭡
ͻȻֳɽгƬΣ৵Сعͱﰲ˷ڡ
ⶼҸĸϺõĲƷգഺﰲɫɣ㵸˵ţǿɰˡ
˳סôʲôʱܳԵѽҲǸʮĴҪഺ
϶˸ʽıƷǿЦãû취
д߰蹫ԺԸЩգȥ̺۵ĲҩɷֵĲƷС˼ȥ
شԵŮˣ˴ҲԼòлǳھΡ֪ԼȥȻᱻ£ֻԸ׵ͽȥ
˼㵱ΪԼԼû룬ʹ̵ˡ
ݽ󣬱˵蹫磬˲ٲƷ
շòƷƤԽй
ƻģҲ԰蹫Ϊе⡣Ȼ㰮ԣǾһֱȥɡ
ŷڣһūŹСеĩ״Ķӽ迪òҩ¯ţȻ֪ʧˡ
˲һҩĵڣ˽ķڡ
ǸūŴһп

15

С㣬ūۿｫССķڡūűϥ˵
ά˽£ձܴ󹦸ˡ
ҹĻ٣ƽΪµūţæһ׼뷿ϢֻһŮӣֱӳӴȥӻûѾֱء
ΪϴεĲϽԾ˿ͷαҲ»ѾŲκ˵ֻԼԶִʬ塣
գ˼Ůŷ뽫뷿ڣȵȣʲô
СɽǺ͸ǲݰɵҩƤá
˼ˣҩԼһкôŮʹ˸ɫŮ㽫˹
÷ڲƷж࣬㲻ó谮׾ݣͽҰѡ˵ͷҲصˡ
СûòĵĬĬšȻæ¸С㡣
ˣ˼㾭ʳõȥ̺۲ҩڣнʯ΢ˣһãᵱϿȥԺڡ
æϵ˼Ժȴ˼ѪĿ
СС㲻ˣһŮʧݼ
ǹһĨΪļıڵóѣֻŮ˵Сʳ˶ǡƽʱõʳˣ
ͻȻսȭͷƻҵļƻ
ԭһʼ֪ҩ˽ʯ΢ۣ籾ǾҽԸҩѨλָơ
ҩñӦóֵǰɫζӣȷʵ΢΢ЩƣЩζ
һ֪⣬ݾߣ˳һϲ
ֻû뵽˼˲ֻһѡ
ݼæȥ˼ʬһߣ滨ӣ˽˼ֱΪǽõ뿪ѱ
ﵱȻѹһ˿⡣Ȼûж˼뿪ȫԼûϵҩʹֱӱҲ֣׷¶飬û֤֤Ҳ֡
ǣٵó谮ӣȫԺҲὫµһЩͷƽϢ粨
ΣڵԼ壬ﰵˬ
ҿŮǰ˰ܣݣ˾šĸŮ˾Լ󸻴ֻȵĶȹһѵүǾҪҲǹֵƫҪȥҪ׷ͺڷ𣡡
˼ĸףϵﱯʹĿߵͻȻ͵ת˫סĲӣҪ˵Щʲô㱻ߵӸӵһߣϻһֻŲָ˵㺦˼㣬͸ƷҲǴõҩΪ㣡
״ᵽһ˿ΣյϢ̬չȥ
¹˵֪˼ЩҵгھΣЩʲôֲֻȥЩյĲƷ
붾˼ãգԼõڷŽʯ΢ĩ ̧ۿͣһ˵붾Ů˼ȴһҩ
߻һеĳݽ棬Ȼ£븸족˵Ŀ棬͸©һĨ㡣
ھ˴֮ˣıڵŮɱŮһɱ⣡
ŭۣϵźһһ͡Ȼǵ뿪լԺ
ݵڵأû뵽ͽԼ˵ܺߣ׾ȻҪץס֡
ԼһƵڸǹ޿
ֻ϶Щ˼Ͱ˻ƾС
˴ȥľ¥ȴҲ֪ϲŭ޳ţʲôǵ
־£Ϊ˶ԸȴҲֻҪݣӲͷƤˡ
³ߣƳϣڵ˶ױϳȥ죬ԼϣͳһϽ档
Ůͤͤò˲ĿֻҲƵǰһԾεĹϡ
Ӷ𩣬Һ㡣
ӿϸһĨ˲ĺɫܵס븩ı
÷׵óѣסԼ죬һֻֽƿȻ𴦡
𩿴ŵƤȻû׵ĵӣԼ龹Ҳ
˿Ů֮ϣӻ߳һˡ

16

翴ǰһУŭ˻Ӳȱ飬СŮ͸ˡͻȻִСƵеһ仰һˣһӡ˵ͳߡ
ǧæǰץסĸ첲磬˵Ⲣұ⣡
Ǳ⣬ѵǿȲɣ練ʵ
ĸջعҪҽӨյЩ׳ǰŵˣԺЩص¡һί˵
ȻҾͿԺõķϾԭˡƤʮ˵
ղǰ㣬ضǳԴ˰ɡһζĿ硣
类˵£˸ɣǳԴףֻǲ̣˼ҵŮѡ
Ȼ̣ˣҲֻܡһ˵һ߹°ͣһĨﻫ΢Ц
һԵīͿɵۣǰ߳ƣ첻µصİ˻ȥˣԼֻս࣬ͷ췭ظı仯ˣ
Ҫ֪ǰɴκ˽κµģھȻںһŮ˵ĸܣֺī۾
⾩˭˻ӣŮ˾ѵ𩣬һⰡ
ˣΪֱֹû
ȿȣ˻ӣŮӦôأīǵǾֹвһ˿⡣
ֻ֣۵糸ܳ⣬̼㲻Ӱ
ȴ̧īСȾͺݺȥȻضסŷΪģŭĿ⡣
ȰڸڣȻ˴ھڹ䣬˽ϸͻػʹúŻĸȥ𩻪δ˿С
Ҳ̫ˣīĵװԾ
պ¥ڣǧԼһ衣
ݶ⼸չÿɺãǧ
ֻݱǼһ죬˫еסԼС죬ƿʼ
ݶòãݶֻǼŮȻȲõŮλⲻ˰ۣʹʲô취أֻˡ
ǧ˲ײ񣬿Ͼ͵
ȻҷǧŮˣûñ۸ĵһ취ڶǧ˵
ݻظ󣬵һ¾ȥ˼ĸף
ٴ˼һйأֻҪ˼ɥʧǣ׵ľݵĻ
ǰǰſյĿ˵˼ãվͷˣҪǵûšȻת⡣
Ǳ㿪˾磬ͨʲôƵġ뷿ţڴߣսߵĴĿ¶׹⣬¼ˡ
С㣬үһЩϺõĲϣ˵ôСѡС㣬һЩϲİɡһλ˵
ȷʵӦһЩˡ
ЩŴĻɫ·һֱҲС㱾Ҳɡ
һŮʵǸ㲻ɫĻ·һ顣
ɣЩʺұЩݾš
һ߽ϳзϣһ߶ţūԭźСģС㻹ţҪ֪үСѡҪԴһˣվСͷˣϣС֡
ǰվͷˣ˼Ҳʵˣ°ɡ
ǣС㡱ĬĬˡ
һݱҲЪˡ
ҹ¹رƵס֪أɭɭĸо
ҹҹļҶŴһ˿΢âĻ谵С·ϣż磬ǵһһεļƤ
СҶΧƺ̫ԣæԺһСҶ顣
ýҹո̫һɭɭϾ󣬺񱳺һ˫۾ڿһʼƵСҶ˵
ǰҲָоùˣײʲôɾĶɡ
ޣ˵Ҿͺ£ô˵Ҳ³ײ˵Ͻ˫ֺʮﲻ֪߶ʲôޱϡ
ˣ˽ҹСͷˡ
ǰϾСͷˡ
˵ǱĲףߵʱ۶ûϡҹ²Ҫծɣأ˻ǻ겻ɢţ
СҶ˻ֱ£ֱܻڣñסԼԴ
±˵СҶŲаܵ⣬ӲͷƤѲӡ
ÿС紵ԱֻᷢСݴл죬СҶŵһӵڵء

17

ֻһСèܳҲûܽСҶĻͻҲƵ𴦡
ϽطһСҶȻǧ㲻ԸܱһҪĶࡣ
ݴг˻СҶΪǸղֻƤè䣬Űٰߡ
㾶ֱľȥʲôû뵽ûè䣬ǿڿƯĻ⣬֣Ʈ
ǡǹ𣡹Сծˣ
ŵϽԶȥܱߺž
ƺһӰϽͷƣȴʲôûֻ֣ŹͣĳƮͻȻǽϳһߴŮӵӰͻȻʧ
ֻ˺ѷεһȽһ˫˫赹ڵء
˵ļ˲ŮͼҶ˶ſ˹ԶƮżŹ𣬷׷ĴӴܡ
ʱԺڣһУСй
æĳȥһСŮڵ ô˷ʲôˣ
㣬㡭㿴ǽϡСŮɫţ鲻Ϲ˵
̧ͷǽһһŵѪӡڵεδѪ
㣬ղҰҹ˯ȥ˹ͷһŮԺĴߣͷɢ䣬ŵ±־ûҿգۼͲˣֻһѪӡŸҽгСŮſʹ޵
Ҳæ˳̧꣬ۿѪӡʵҲһ
Ǵ21ʹԽǸ͵ΨߣôŹ֮˵
ʮӣж˴Ϊǹ
Ųʲôֹ˲Ŷ԰ɣ׼ȷ˵˲Ŷ԰ɡ
˶ɢ˰ɣԵķڡ
С㣬ҡҸոһºڷŮԺƮСŮ˵
ͣ˻طĽŲ۾гһϸߣɢΣյϢȻȥ
糿ҹСҶ´Ķ䡣
磬ûУʲô𣬷ôҼ˼顣ߵĶԪ˵
ǰʱȻ˶Щͼݺ㣬һһ㡣
û總͵ҲܿƣӦô죿
ǲ֪ǺΪֻܽһһʮĸߵʱöҪıȶģҲֻǵĵˡ
ԺҲŭƣʲô֮˵߸ڵˣνĹ֮˵֮£Ϊ˭Ҫڸдʲôɱ⣡
Ҳ˼ֹ֮˵˽˼ͷװŪǿɶŪøĻ̡̻
˺ôĻ
ǲ֪˭˴Ȼ˼£ռᶨŴ˴ΪΪò˶
磬ԪԸһūŽѪȥĻŵūȴҲΪүƽࡣ
ūǷĲǽϵѪԪӡԽԽÿɣ־ֱѪӡȥ
үɣۻ֮ү֡һߵСҶȰ
ԪδȰûͣеĶȥһ˲ϡϳС
ǣȻǽɡԪһߡ
ǽү˵ǽһԵū֪ǽϲʲôѪӡĲ
ԪķڣΣ㻽ǡǰ˻ξҲû
ֻıͷʹšһ¡
ϣѽˣűӣʹĺ
֪ǣҶˣ㶼û֣ʲôأô档
֣¶ͮͮıͷ˵Ҹղһ£Խ鲻Ծ
գ·һ죬ƽԹϣҲ죬ȴĵ˼£ͷߣǺˡ
հҹҹ쳣Ů磬˵ľ󣬾ȻܴһµĸǽľҹеСҶˣҪ˵˴ĵһǲš
ҹұ̬ȣֻΪΪǹСѾͷƫҪаŮӾ˵ʲôΪСͷߣұһ⡣
һƺ˹ⰲţҼסձ˼ļգһжŵ˳Ȼ
һ˵жһ

18

Ҳ˼ܣȻԼμס˼ļգŪװŪôһ
ôһϵ˱Դ˼Ҫ˶Ųɡ
Σ˼ᱻ¼һʯ񰡡
ҹһ㣬յȫ¶һΪҹһԪüͷ˵
ֻþͺáԪһЦ
¥Ҵϣֻڷǧӣ¶İҲܹ˵Ӧ֡
ҵŮˣԻ㡣Ǵĩ״壬Ҹ߼۴ãͨ˲˽ûȻ𣬸ڱػĻ̡̻
ǧЦ˵һҧΪѾһˡ
ĺݶеİ״ڷǧĻС
оǧƺΪǼ˷ǧıΪǧһжΪ˸Լڶѣݼֱֿ˻
ⲻ֪ǧҲǺ޼磬Ϊĳ֣һĽİ¡
ԭе֪߹ޱȣ޿Զһ֪Ź壬κ˿ᱻΧĺʴ
ĳ֣Ƿһ鵤ҩϺĮð֪ҲǸѪиˡ
Ǽ˷ѹ̬չȥȨ֮ض·磬ƿԡ
磬÷عԼԭӡ
ƾʲôһ͵õ˻Ϻͻ̫ĳ谮Ҫõ°յİǧġ
ץסݵļָҲʼס
Ӻʹݾ
ǧϽƽ׽˵ӣ¶ů΢Ц
ɼɲһ˿˿־Ϣ
ƳϣޱȣڽϻޱȣִŮ˵ԡ
ܣпǼҡһĹϾͶ˴ССĺӺʹӡ
ᣬƫƫãǻûȫӦߵɣǲԸʹ˸ǵġ
ǰ治Զ죬Ҳ˵Щʲô籾Ͱ֣ôˣ͸Ͻ޶͹ȥˡ
ѽһƿһţӮƷֻҪһӣԣ̨ߣӮȡƷһֻһСӵһһߺȵ
֣Ķ䵹һ̧־ͰĶϡ
ûվȣڵϡ
ֻԱߵԾԾԣĦȭˡȻһӽϰϡ
ʲô㿴ĿɶӣҲ˵ܲӮЩ˵̨⡣ϰһǵĿ硣
̧ͷݣƺʤȯգ뵱ִʱҲϷ߱ˣ߶ôѵңɱЩֻỨȭȵĶࡣ
ϰ壬Ĳˣ˭˵ŮӲУľ游Ӿ¹ӢҲܹ˧սôսӣգźĴ۾˵
ٵϰһûҲ֪һ³ŮˡϰֲҲٶ˵ʲô
ֻһ죬һȺ˱һȥ߸׳׳ӰһŮӡ
ԶվһͷϴϽڣһٵ׼ӡ֮£ɫ紺֮üīĿﲨһ֮ࡣ
ǹһĨȣ˼һζĿ硣
һ׳ֱײ壬ײ÷飬ģӲ浱Сè䰡
һת׳ƹһţ˳ǰȥ˳һ̤˵ĺ󱳣ɲǼ䣬ֱڶԽȥ
ʹĺһֻһ׵ˣסĺӣҪƲȥ
ðȻҸˣЩСԭŴҲⲻвŮĶ缥Цһ˵
ڳһֻ֣˵Ҹȥ˼£û뵽ǻ⻹٣һСûס͵ȥ
ȥһ·ն̫ûлǣ˶Ȼ˿̧ͷǸӡ
Ŀ־ĵطո̧֣һӰ˺ӡ
ƿڴͿһ༫Ϊӣеĺӣϻ䣬ƽȵڵϡ
Ȼź߳Ⱥ
е˶ΪȲʣΪˢһȼŭ𣬴̨ϱ¡ԽӵȺȥѰ˵㼣

19

һһΧȺڣڿǸºڷӣȻӿŲ׷ȥ
ֳӵļͷҪȥ㱻һѽץס˧Ҳ˦תͷһζĿ硣
ιһ˱͵ϮȻ󻹲Ʒӣǰֺû𡱣ʱקס󣬸һ
һ˫۾صӣþȫȥѡ
ְɡ̶˵λС㣬ƾõôСоͱ˲ֶεСˣ
УСһ䣬ʱҪѧܱͨ£ǵҪԽ˵ָָͷ
㡭类˵ƿԣԭֱš
ĽԵټд裬¶㡣˵תˡ
Ľ𣿡С૵߬еȭͷټϣҲȻĲ㣡
ĽƺǿŮŵӣϸһЦ⣬ףȥһļҵĹĽԸ
ǣү׸Ͻ˳ķβȥû뵽ԼүôһСѾͷƬӸȤ
Ľƽʱ˸е崺磬ƽ׽ˣȴδκȤʵټ
ԶͿŭ˻С㣬ôûΪ㣿
Ϊңֱѹûҷ˵²Խĳ֣ҵıҵĶǶǿʶ´ҿǳĽƤ
ŭɶ˵ţսǾӢӶӳŶִй񣬻ҫʤȻһëͷС˵û˫ֽգһ˫ԭˮĴ۾Ѫ˿
ͷһο类šԭڸڣ۶СôƣôԲѷС㶼ûѷ
СǱ˵ĲᣬǰһĻֱ
ֻһֵĺкдŤͷȥ
صڵ绹ûӸոյӰ߳ӭԪ
ҹǡŮٴλһпɶ׼׵ԪСʵ
·ôһ¶ˡ׼ˣͲСŮˡ
ҹҰ׵¹⴩Ӱڵĵϣճһİɫߵ㡣
ɪҹ󴵹·ԵĹľԷ졣ͼžҹɳɳԵøӾס
ż߹ҹҶҲǿ첽뿪Դӳϴε飬ү϶ΪٴξʱﻹǺ¼ˡ
ԺڳһĺɫӰźڳͷ˫ֱֱİǰÿһ·һѪӡǴĿġ
ŮƮ¹£ӳ緿ڵĴֽϡ
翴򴰻ˡͷʾ׼ǰõĻء
Ų򿪷ţϵľ䣬װȫˡŮϡ
أӰವķɳ˼ֻεĽŮ˷ϡ
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룬Ǹŵòᡣ
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㡣˵
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뵽ݵ¾ʹưոݣҲû뵽ֶ׾ӡ
Ůˣָ̧һƣԵŮԲѷ̫ݣ⽫һ족
׾ӵֶڸǰ©ڣǿʧȥŮʹӣΪ㵽ڣǺŮһءһĨЦ
˲ҲˣڴҵĵߣұҲˡ۾гһߣɢΣյϢ
˵˼һ˿ΣһһεĲҲǺľġ
Ϊʵ˼㲹ƷԻΪ˸壬ʵʹ̣֪Ҫ㣬֪˼㴦㣬ĲƷͽƾͼƣٽݵɱҵıŮ
ҲƲסԼ̵ĺˮ㣬ıŷ˻ߵĿ޺š

20

翴ΪˮԽף˵С˼㴦ң¶Ҫһ£ΪŮĸڸ޿ֻû뵽ĸŮԽı䱾
ʮ꣬ڳˣ˼һѽУǡɾȴ˼ֻʶװʲôûȱ˷ʱѻԣӲһغ˰ɡ
˵ţʮ꣬ʳжֽţʹ飬ֻԳĶάĻ󣬳ҵƤ˾֪ĳŮ޸ֻ֮ĬĬܡ
˵һ׮׮һָ㣬˵˵˼õ³㲻๼üΪƽȴ˸е̹ǵĿ־塣
ǵģ˵˵ô̬࣬ȼæΪ־ֺá
žһϣһĸгڵģ
磡ͱҵŮӵô࣬ƫƫˣǲԺ˼Ҷȥ˼㻹ܵõЩʲô
ֻû뵽㾹үү۰мӣұ㲻ɱ㣬ֻ϶ֽţǽһˣΪʲôȥΪʲô
»һεȻҪΪԭ˱ˣǷһһֵȫֻ
ɥĲȻٸѿ࣬ʾԪԺߡ
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ԪŶ룬̴Ǹ߾ŻѣԺŪõƻͨһС͵͵Ժڿ﷢ƵȻûע
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Ԫ˵ͷȻ̴Ӽմȥ
˲ˣˮˣˮˣԪţӺԺС
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ڱըһ̣ڵҲ˲䱬γһ㱣֣С
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ս˫֣ˣȥС㵹ˮ
Ԫ˳ĸ첲ѣθеʧҲʵԭһûһ¥ѼɤƤЦ˵ֻǰ˶Ŀ⡣
ҿʱŮˮΡһˮɤ㲻ˡ
أôˣͻȻ뵽ȻҹֱϾǸͨˣⲻᱻˡ
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Ǿͺá̧ۿգɱŮ
Ҫ룬֮Ҫúĳ˵š
գҷŵˡζֶɲѰ׵õգڷûֻѾǣڻˡ˵˵һ¡
ͽ˫ȭһ﷭ˮޣХ
ү빬ֹ£һС𼱻ǵܽڣּ
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˵ͷŶ
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ᣡһµ˸ۡ
˵δʡ
ǸŮ˾ô˺£ûŪװŪôһԼĬĬһʵʲôʱܸһģŮѾһǰ籣Լ˽
û˵ʲôҲĬյ

21

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Ȼô˺Լĵ飬ֻ๼
ģ½ŵģȺúϢţȥˡ
˵ձֳȥ͵壬ҲѾᡣ
磬˵ԭҲ̫˵ɣŮҪԼͷҸڵҲɵӣŵıӻ˻һֽԼڡ
ߵ˵һ˵۵òС
ѵԭļ䣿Ԫʡ
ǣҿ˼ʬʱˮϮһһǰֻ֣ϧûЩ֪˼Ķ£мһЩŭź
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󽫾Ҫ˳Ҳû˰ɡ
ұҪ㻹ˣʲôϷĿ䣬ųƮƮһ仰
ȥ˭ˡôͽ˵Ԫڿл˸Ȼƾʧˡ
ϣǧ˵ʡԺһҪŸң۾֨תţղŵһɨ
ѵ
һ죬ղŻյĴţһƿֻһ滨꣬С鲽Ůӡ
ãûŰɣɽнѽ㻹һЩƷӡݱ˵ᣬ°ҩݸá
ݷԸԵŮҩ
ʵʵ̹ݵĺݶ̱ȻҲҪǰĽжء
㣬˵·ЩҩԼȰɡƳһۣм˵
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ݵ°뿪֣ƺǵõһҪ˵ʲôֲ֪˵ʲôѹ硣
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ݻǸֵᲩȡͬ飬ֱǸ
ƫƫŴֳһ׳Եģͷ
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Ȼһߵѳ˼ʲô
ˣ°ɣҽЩϢ£һӰ
֣Ӧ˻ϲ飬Сȴһ㶼ˡͷ˳ȥŵĹš
ҹڴշת࣬ȥ˯ž
գΪ˦ȥҷ𩣬ŵſڣѲӵ͵ȥļ϶ֻֻ۾ʱĹܡ
Խӣ˶磬Ȼֻжݵһ˲䣬Ҳץס˻ᡣ
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󣬸æȥѰĸۡһ·һ·ʣҵˡ
ոոſԼǽĵС㣬ͨ㿴ʮɫеĺһŮΪס
һԵķ۵ĿһУ֪ĸھһˡ
붺۹Ȼһŵ߹
װת
ֻ˵Ů̫ӲϣԼġ

22

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ڴϻ飬ټ̫ôæҪԼһô򵥡
˭Ĳԣ뾡ٵһֽԼ
뵽⣬ʶ21ͷһʱĻźͰŮĹ£̫᲻˦Լǧ뿪𩡣
ҪôΣ
ˣͷȻֱ˲ˣ˯ɡСֹһ׼˯ˡ
ֻһӰӰǴֹ¼ӡһŲϿӰӡ
ҵҪǺηҲ̵ܵĵҰûҵط˳£װʲôûֵӡ
鲢ûԤϵǰ㣬ôӺŶδ죬Ҳûڡ
۲鿴ܵʱ̴ֻﴫ΢졣
ǳһĨЦˣѰȻô΢һеģͨҹִ񣬳ò۾ֻܿȥʶһЩԼˣԶȻǺõĲˡ
СĴ̴ѣнһ㣬ӲԸմһ˿ҳŽŲһһҲԽԾסϾ֪˭Լ빬ǰҹǱԼĸۡ
ҲҪ
һ
ڿļ˫ۣһ޶ס˸ոͣڰе֡
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յǰͻȻ˸ߣֲһ˿ţû뵽СһﾹȻʹ˸ôС
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Ӳδߣ˳ץסĽҲ˸180ȵת
ץסһѽ˦ڴϣһѸѹϣҡ˲һ򶷶ɳƵģЩԸеɤ˵š
㣡һĲţǰֻߵӣȻߣҲ֪ÿ
˵ǰķǴߵģصģӵģʱ˿̵ǼΪ޵ģҫ۵ģǹƻĵġ
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ΪʲôҪ̴ѽôܴ߽ɻصʵ
ҺսŻẦ£Ծ㣬˯˴Ϣһ˵š
һôǵģ
Ϊ㣬йһУ񾭽
Էͻ黰ǴһֲͻȻȼһȻ৵غ
Ǹ˵ˣ¹ʲô£㲻Ҫô˺ðɣոûʵҶ˯ˡ
ŶҸղ˭Сֹȥģȹϵϣ
㡭۸ˣ˵ţСҪʹƿϵķ𩡣
ոչ˵ͺ˸ˡ
˵ʲô㴫
С㣬û°ɣҸղڷﴫ죬ǲǷʲôѽϽ·
Ŷû£ֻǸղ˯Сĵ˴ѡڷµ˸ɣҪŪȥ
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ߵߵĽŲϿ˵û£Ǻͱһ´ģбΧţȻˤˣϽȥɣ£ҾͻԸġ
ŶðɣС㣬ˣһҪСĵ㣡ˤת˳ȥһˣС˵û¾û£ͱϹˡ
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ȵĺСϣԭܿǵ۾תͷȴһ˫ǿĴ̶ֹס
һζ˵ղǸ첻µزԳƹ̵ȥˡ

23

ҡ㣡ҹһƻŮĹ뷿㻹ˣ缫ѹסԼñŭڷȴŴŴ
ֹס°ͣһ˫Ȼ۾Ժ㶨ҵӣǰ̽һ£Ҳδɡ
⻰û˿˵綨åһᡣ
ƫƫ⻰ڷ𩣬黰ֲḡҲֻ˰ɡ
ҪѣҪ磡缫ĿסԼҪ׵ľͱԻ
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ԳӨصں̫˵ȫ̫ŭȲ빬𣿡ƽ˵ţ۵׻¶һ˿ʧ䡣
ļӡģϾִµˣһһĭһ˰ɣοݲһɳӡ
΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ָ뿪˵Щʲôȴһĵ˵ˡΪ¶أĪҪģû¹¶ͷȻֱһ£
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Ȼڷһڣһ˲䱻ȼ
һѹ£ı촽ȵˮ߰˿ݣĿǻͷʹ֮乲衣
Ϊ˵ĶҼӿ죬٣ɫ죬Сְư͡
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ЩϢɣջҪ빬Ȼ̰ղŵãΪǵԺֻһ̣ҪõһǵĶҹ
ǰ·ټ裬ĵĬĬģⱲӲſ˫֡
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ڶҹͥԷһǳİ뼤һηĸİ
ڶ磬ͥԷڡ

Сˣū£ͻȻ
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Ȼ˲ɻᴲϣñסԴƽ˯ȥ
С㣬ҪӣÿЩϴˣ
ˣֻ±ӣǧأ͸ոմӴϵ˼ֱˡ
鴤
ϴͭǰԷͭ毺ãһװȴĵԽӺݻ
̫󳤾þڹ⣬ʳʳΪȻǲϲһЩװΡ
ȥһؾЩ·̧ۿͷϵϽΣ־͸
תۿκУһֻεݸʹɡ
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λôţ̫ﲻ㣬Ͷ˼ͷɡݶݺݵضıӰһ˫ʹġеӡ
԰ڣŮ˽
ҪһȷѪˡ
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ѽôôС˻һֽԼ̫ƫƫ񣬵Ȼ뽫˻һСΪϰ
˼ǡֻСŮδ䣬ֻһ޴졣
ž
ֻһ޽ضסǸĹŮ
˭ǵĵӣ˽̫ͽĵŮ

24

˭ǵĵӣ˽̫ͽĵŮ
ֻһɫۣɷߵȻǵеޣǹŮڵϡ
˻ūŸūҲˣūŸȻСŮΪĳ֣˵
߿޺˵ʹԼ͡
ĮĿһУ̫ղ֪㻹˵ʲôŵĻ
˵꣬˦ӣȥ˾ʮ壬´ڱӷ֣ȡ
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ӣнҪ֡ʤͥ
빬ΪʵЩ磬Ҳûżȸȥ̫󣬶תͷȥ˷ﰲ޵
ﰲ˵絽ԼסЬӻûȴãûüϴ͸æ´ȥӭ硣
һ̣ﰲɿĳǰȥһϣĻ˫ȽסС
롫ƽʱڸڼƽ֧ţȻһʱ仹ǳܲס˵顣
蹫ղ㻹鲻䰡æ˴Լ
ݵģͲһ𣿡ֻⰲ蹫һͷ۾ûһɫ¡
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磬ҶˣΪϲ㣬˲㣬֪Ҿ͸æ´ˡ
ͷﰲһֱŹĲڵϡָͷֵĶš
ﰲ翴ԼǱСţ˼ĺٺٺЦ˳ѹϴЬӡ
ﰲ˼ȥϴһɡ
ϴϣȻδʩ죬Ҳ崿ˣôﰲǷãɫȻû˵
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Ӧ֪̫󽫳Ө͵縮ϵ°ɡ
Ǳ˻𣿡
类˵Цˣ˻ѳӨ浱ʲôƷ
̫ƺ˻ӵͲ˽ң˷Էǲң㣬ƽ̫ʲôϲãҿɶ֢ҩﰲ˵˴˷Ŀġ
Ӵ첻ܵصȴҲΪ·ˣ˵ǲѾֳ׵׵Եˡﰲüɫ˵š
ѽҪˡ类˵ˣֻܷŸϽתƻ⣬㻹ǿЩңҺ׼һ¡
úúã˲ˣҸԺҪֳĹŶﰲԲĴ۾ƻĿ硣
ֻܵ˵ͷӦˡ
ĵĸ㡫
罫˹ȥš
˰蹫ͥԺ㷢ְ˻ӵվڰ蹫⡣
Ȼǰ˻ӵӣҲй֮Եġ
С㣬ջӱϽߣӽշԸҪʱ̸С߱ī˫Ҿͷ˵š
ҷһߣиҪȥ
С㣬˵
ǰһ˵˼仰ī˵ͷ͵ͷתȥ
ͷһ㣬ʱ԰ȥ
ҸһǷһ˱Ȼεĸо̧һ仨ԼĶϣ״
δڣֻϴ˱ȻԭҲд
Ѱ˰죬һøߴϷһ˵ӰϵһʯӣʯವһϷȥ
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һˣѵֻ˵һЩ޹ʹĻ𣿺ǣ粻м˵
Ϊ䲻ף˵˵һʲôõĴ
һԾֿɺáһ㿴ĿԼƷ
ðСӣ˵ǧҴ㣬㾹Ȼˡŭɶ˵š
ʲôţëǰɡ˵ߣӡ
µīͱյİϣٲȻһĸϻ̨ϵ˴򶷡
һʱĴ𣬱ֱӶϰ弸ӣ˺һԾӦõõƷ
Ļ˵ˡ
ɽ󣬿ŵӾҲÿɰ

25

˵Ҫ빬ϢҲŽݼϵͷһ档ĽͿĵĲˡ
ɵٴʱֻһϯɫ£ʩ죬ͷϽΣȹϴżֵˮɻ΢紵Ƶļͷϵһ˿΢΢Ʈ
һҶüһȴƫƫü両ֳһĨ塣
ңһ˼ӣˣ߹ȴס
ռҲֻطֳݣһͷƮƮ㣬Ҫˡ
ɽգɫƣʮ㣬ȥ˲ٱ壬һ˫ˮĴ۾ǹǡ
Ľǿɵۣһ룬ʶԼˣһǾŽʵݣţ⾢ԵڵأѪ˰ɡ
Сﳤģģɳô׺ԭǸƤĸϻҩ
Ľ𱾲⸱סһֳ״˸ոһеĻ롣
粢ûоʹ˰ִ֣ӹľУһԺиֳ޵ӣ̧īȥ
ëϴҾ˵òҪңﶨҪĽƤղײ㾹Ҷ෬ƣҿǻˣ
ֻಡһڿл졣һԾī󣬻Ǹһ
Ľն㿪һֵ취ܿһ
翴ĽԴæӣǹһĨЦ
ԭҲˡס죬ִԵܲС˵񶾵Ů䣬Ц
īЦĿģԼҲ֮
иոǿʯӣ޳ָ΢΢һƫе֣üģ־᲻أƵǡô
ϣסԼţʹĺһ㱰ɣ
ߡôʱ磬þǡôĿȻ֪书Բһ㣬ԣոֻϷ
а㣡Ȼң
С㣬̫빬ͻȻҪҪ˵ʱһСĴͻȻϡ
½󣬸Сȥ
ĽһԹߺ޵
μ̫򸣽𰲡̫˸
̫ٳδûͦ£ϲô˵Űء̫š
ȥ˵ǳ谮ѽδȢţΪĿԴνͣ
̫󣬳ŮΪ˻Ӵ´з󷽵˵
зѲˡ̫ĻǸǸһɫı
һգĿ˵ڮٳŮ˿˳Ů˻ӵĻԼ˻ǲĿһЩѵԺ˻Ӻǰһֻ϶ܲȵ˻ӵϡ
翴̫ɫڽͣ˵
˿ԭ˻飬ȴΪԼδŵӣĿ˻ıɽһڻѪģѪͨˣǵһˣȴӮ°յġ
ֱͦ壬治ɫԴǵ˵ꡣ
ǺǺǡû뵽ǣ˵ôһ󳤴Ļ̫֮ŭЦ˵ɡ
̫󷽵磬ԭΪǸֻĻСŮˣû뵽ͷҲ⣬ʵ
ҪǷϣ滨Լˡ
̫дľˣȻǱȻҪ˽ŮˣǳȾǴвͬ
վĳӨ۵һ˿Թ̫߾ˣȻ֪̫ˡ
ϴ԰ڣС͵͵ؽͷӶ̸˵Ը裬Ű˻ӵĳ谮ΪΪǡɱ̫̫ͽ˷߿⡣
֪ҥǼ٣Ҳ̫һΪ̫谮𩣬ԲϸĶԴ硣
ΪӨл˻Ӹڣû뵽˰࣬˵һ˰˻ӣʣµһ涼û
Ө̫žþӹУͷ˵Ļֻʧȥ̫ ԺҲûӴ˻ˡ
̫˼ϲĲˣһɷڹһ
ǣ㣬ɱҰɣһʢĵźǧҪӦҪ
̫ͥԺְⷢǻڷ
룬̨Ŀʱ򣡡δ̫󿪿˵ͻȻСľһ㣬绹ȥһжĿ⡣

26

룬̨Ŀʱ򣡡δ̫󿪿˵ͻȻСľһ㣬绹ȥһжĿ⡣
ʲôɫҳȥ̫æӨԸ
ֻ⣬ϼ⣬죬죬ǻ̫޵Ͽգ޵衣
һֻһֻɫ񣬸עĿ̫һʱ䱻˵
⡭ʲôָֻ̫ɫ΢ɤʵ
̫ض֮һճիΪжϲԣϲǰΪѽʮּ˵š
ͨĹڵϣ̫޽룡
˿Ҳȫ򵹣̫޽룡
̫ϲʤ
̫ŮͻȻϾ԰ĳʱڣгǧϰֻιֻΪͨǨ㣬Ҳûϸ
˵콵ǳĶƺƴһ򵥵ң̫ƳŮƲ԰̽
̫ϲɫȻӦҪ
һĹƣΪ̫ĻǲֶţӨţݺݵص硣
ȵ̫ȴƲ԰ʱһ޴ġ١ֺȻǰ
ǧֻϣţȴҲƻΡ
̫콵𣡿ĳжϲԣŸ˺õĻżؿǣ鲢ï̫˵
ͼ̫󣬱ôһ˵ǵ̫˲ѡ
˵ն㣬Ҳû˾󡱡̫˵֣̫ͣߵ˵
ճŮ̫ķܼ֮Ҳ˶ѡ
̫ʱ綮ִ󷽣ԽԽ˻ģһοĿ硣
С㣬㵱ǰ֪Ҫ콵𣿿ɵʱ԰ʱūôûʲôأ
ظһɻ硣
Сɵϣ㵱ʱֻſëò˰ɣ˼ȥܱѽ˵ִĶͷһɸֵӡ
৵ĺͷ˼˵ѽС㣬˵㣬̫Ʋ۾أ
ǣûժߵӣֱÿٱǧߣš
Ƿˣ°ɡ۾˸תȥ
ǣС㡱
ݿ̫ʹ͵İУΣһһͽͥԷۿ졣
Ƕ̫ʲôȻʹ̫̬ǰ󲻵һڱ仯֮Իڵʲôݷ˷һ˻
ϵĲ豭ݺˤȥ
ڴϣͻȻȫޣһ뻹ҪŴ˸ôİۡ
յµȻżȻȻ߰蹫鱨谡
ﰲ˵̫󿴻Ϊ²ͣųκʵ۷ֵЩҲǻϷ顣
̫סڹ⣬̫ϲ˷ѣΪ̫Ҳֻǰڸ磬δĹ
տ̩񰲣ǻϵԸҲ͸̫Ը
ôһУ콵ǡī֪ǷԾ͸ӷġ
īȥҵҸһֻȾɫ̫иĲݵʳʵζʳ
ҲʳֻƬǡʱ֣ս⸱⾰
ȻַԸīһϤˮԵǱˮ£ʳ״ڷţǧֻβҲζļ
ֱ˻˵ǵһΣû뵽Ȼ˳ɹ
һ˳ģΨǸëİܱʡôĶ
ʱİ˻ӸڣҲǸձϷŻعУոյ˿Ͼʱ䡣īΪ˷𩡣
磬ʲô˳ɫ
֪֮ǰʹˣһǳѵ⣬ܽ⣬ǰһһһҹʱŽ⿪⣬羹Ȼ̾ͽˡ
У绹һ赸Ҵδû˻˻ȸԾ赸
磬ҼڲͬŮӣ˵ܽҪȻˡ
īߵĿǰһУԭϧİ˻ôһ͸һһ
Ǹ˼СŮԼһ̲ס˵ЩʲôСֻܺͷʾ£ɷѹû
ͻȻоԼıһϽˡ

27

Ǹ˼СŮԼһ̲ס˵ЩʲôСֻܺͷʾ£ɷѹû
ͻȻоԼıһϽˡ
¥ڣֻŮӶ໥㺹죬һŮѻ˯ȥ
бпڴͷһ˫üĿ֪һԼԼ¥ΪԼˡ
ݵĳú⣬ȻҪǳ֮ÿοװŮˣҲһ񣬻ЩҲЩѵŮˡ
ѽӽƻ裬˫ۣģĿ˻ԼߣΪԼĴϹ˵ãŽǧ¡
Ҳ֪˭Ȼ˺˼롣ǧҲ˵类̫ʹñɣ󲻽ȻĻ˸˴ʹ̫ͣġ
ʵǸ򵥵ڷߣֻôǲУֻ·һˡ
ǧ֪ҶС޼磬Ҳ˵Ǽʼ磬֪ºһưոݡ
ɱáǱǷ֪ԼҪı磬ǲֻ֪ʲô
Ҳڵǻǰ¸ӡ
ӣûŶȻ۸˼ҡݱ˵ڷǧϻСȦȦ
ǧһץס֣Ķᴵ˿˵ɧƽҾǿأ
Ҫ˴䣬ʱдȫɫ죬һҵķֻһ˿
ݽ˷ǧϣǧ¶һĨȴֻһ
˵С˴빬˸ʹֵ̫ͣĻģڽĵλֻԽԽȹ̡ǧоеŮˣһֻȭͷս
һ¾ĻôҲڲزס֮ݵȼգȻǧ֪ͺ޼磬Ҳÿαװ
Ҳ֪Ǹ̫ʲôԻҲŪͷתһֻڸиܴļģݵиһˮӣҪݶѽ
ݶѹˡ鴮㻰䣬ֻصǳģƴǰһ˵Ǻ
ǧֽȥԻ㡣
ӣһƣ֪вС
ſڷǧĶĵ˵š
ãұȥֽýˡǧӦʵ
ҶҪа롣
ƳϣֵϽѰٺ涫ʱˡߵϴǱŮҲøżƵģɰߣȴƫƫһ˳ִϡ
͵һתŵֱУ˳
翴ȴû˿֮һƤûûεЦ
Сˣءˮ̵ĺˮ۵Ŀ޳Ͻȥ˸˺ġ
ûˣ˵ŮİԼĻ顣
㣬ҪҴ˻С罫˵ݸСקȹڡ
ԼС㾹ȻԼϴǰʲô£̯ôõӡȻϵˮЦĽӹˡ
翴ת磬ͷ˸Թϱĸ㣬޵󡣡漴ҲƵ߽߱ܵˡ
һߵĿıӰȻС㱾ƣС㣡վסͳӷϰϣҲķȥ
ͣһרθ֢ҩӸǰһ˵רͷʹҩƿţķĩ
ⶫڿĥɵķĩ˵񾭣ţЩԾ
ԱһƿֻֻǴİۣһЩϸ΢Ļɫʡ
ҩ̯Ϊʲôۣðƿ˶ĿͻȻ²ʱ¶Ʒһ˷״̬ûжƷ£Ҳ𵽻á
̧ۿҩӣʳǽ¾˹ͻһ
λС㿴ȣѰʲôҩأҩӲֺòļΪƽ˵ѾĿѱȴҲҡ
̧۶ҩӵĿ⣬˵ʲôСС㣬׷ˣٿҾҲˡֻӣ˫ֳϥǣ˵
ãҰЩҩȫ¡Ƶ˵
ȫˣһȣȻҪԻԼĿǣѯ۸󣬽ӽҩӡ

28

ȫˣһȣȻҪԻԼĿǣѯ۸󣬽ӽҩӡ
֪ʱӲӲֲֻ
ˡȥֳ˸ҲıݡԸ
ǣС㡣
ããһֻǰİţʱʱδ˷Ľк
ǰ淢ʲôѽȥһ쳣˷ܵȺ
Ĳǰ֡
ֻһŮ࣬ű˵Ŀ⡣
λףϣλҵĸ磬ö游̣أϱǮȴȫ⣬ȾؼһڴգλǮǮûǮ˳ö˸м
˵˸ȭĶ˽۹תϵĸ磬ֻĸ¶װŹǣһϣһʯ建ؿڡ
ɰͷúɫ˿ţƤɰֻӣӺһŮ
ûʼݣѾкˣֻŮӡ
ֻһѾ缤ѣԭֻڵ￴ֱݣۿȻޱ˷ܡ
쿴Ҫȥˣץס֣˷ܵ顣
ȴץ˸գļĻͷѲߡ
ڹŮȥһ̣Ҳס˿ڱǣק֪Լֱˡ
ڵҪݶٱ飬ûꡣﲻͷ뵽һЩĿ硭
ǰһ뻹ϴ۾һͼװε˹ȥر۾
ϴ㿴Сװ۵ģһڵİɡСආ˵žСȴһԵ˸ĵ
һΣϴӣ˳ƽ§ڻסļ򣬡ǣүˬġ
ļ򣬿һ㡣ĵ˳Ŵ򣬺ݺݵسԴײȥȻŵ¡
ӳʹĽһΪˣϸ˿ûѵļ󣬾ҵûٶ롣
˻̫ûһ仰Զû취һװ˯ǹһĨײ΢Ц
ԭˣƻԼףȻٰԼ²ڳ⣬ڶ쾩ᴫСǲлۻ֮˵Ϣ
˲һͣˡ
˽³һ˫ۡүҹúְɣֽ뻳
üĿ㣬ȴ˵ԻҲǶļˡӱǷǧзǳһԱ
ɷǧȴӢѹ˹صԣ
粢ûƿӣǰһҲ֮
ֱֿ˻ΪѸӾԼԳ棬ǵŵùԼŰ͸Լ
һأɫе˵š
ɫһȻ㡣ָֻܿ侲Сһ·»ͻȻ/
΢΢ȥȻ̧ͷ˵˵//𣿡
ǧ˵ţԾܿװģѾĻóˣ
ţһԲ֪ˣ
ֻĲֵСԽԽ£ͻȻЦһ
ߡв֪ʲôʱ˼ֻ롣
ֻһתʹĺл˼žա
ӵڵϣ˫ֽסԼ//ӣѪԴԴϵӿҲ治ס
ڴʱ˺ʲôҲˣԶСĲӺݺһţһ¾ιȥˡ
ǸղŶﶯֶŵģϻǲ÷ƳһۣһƮƮĻ
ʧҾҲְ֣ǣ
˹ȥ˵ڶ챻ũֵʱݵһƬɺѪСҲ֮ˡ
ؿǳðװ׾ˡ
صУֻſڽǻС㣡û°ɣҸղűΣԼյǸͬȴٳٲӰŻˣүѾȥѰˣأǺˣء
ϻŸոյĿ־嵣ĺ£㿴ҲǺúõĻ𣡡ת˸ȦʾԼû¡
յԷϢ磿ƽﲻǵƻͨ𣿡絭ĿԶһƬԷһ΢΢̧һĨЦ
ū󣬷С㲻Ӱ㼱æϻظү˵ʱС㸮û˶˵˷纮Ъˡ˵š
ǺãȥⲡصĽ㡣³֣Էȥ

29

ҹģǱī֭Ⱦһ㣬Բ̰ΧҲΧϵһж¹֮£ֻżҶĦΪ٣޼ļ
ԷڸڵΪݰãʮʺľĵط
ȴǡǡ෴̰ͼٻϧΪƸ֮ȥıԼͬĸá
ޣ蹼˸׵ġԽԽ
С㣬أԵ˵ʲôȻеĴҲŶʲô˼Сͷϣõİ취ĬĬظС㱳ʲôҲ˵
ֻ֣ڴŮЦǺǺǺǣһ󣬲Ҫ˵ˣƽ˼Ҳ˰ɣ
ߣŮˣҪװҪȫ˰ӭšŮ˼ϸɤǻÿϸǳͱӡ
ʲôö˿İ绺Ŷ룬ľ
ݿĵϵЦļʧɫ磬ôˣ㲻ǡ
ңӦҲڸѵӦڻĽҰ⣿翴ݵķӦһҲȣεȻǺѲ˹ϵ
ҹҷں˵˵ʲôҪЪˣͿͣڴߵǺѪ˿۾ָ˵
ҵ˼ŶȾ纮Դñ̽ǰһ뻹Цӯӯ˵һʹǰ
ߵݵĴǰסݵ°ͣʹֱ˫ۣƾôʹҲѣҲ˵
ݱֱУһԵĴܳźȣͱ£һߡ۵İϰֱС
Ҹղ߽ͥԺʱ㴫Ц⾫״̬˭ҲǸȾ˷纮ӣΪʲô¿ģһɡ
е۵ݿˮֱʵǾÿˮʲô̫ľһѽƲ˳ȥ
ݵڵأоڴĴ˳æɾ˿ˮִٵ°͡
ԶŮҲŮؿס߳ŭȥ澣򹷻ÿء־һơ
ʱŵñ˫ۣлİƲû
ֻסݵ󣬡˵򹷿ˣοҵ˻ǹʵ˵ܴģĪΪ˶һ㲻֣
ʹһƣٴεڵء
磡ˣݳϵˮҪȥ
ССģǰס磬Ϳһת߬סݵһˮ͵ڵء
žһİڿ
磡㣡Ů˾ȻҴңݷ˷һڵϺУͷױҲֺȻ׵ָӡ
ΪʲôңҲǵһδˣʲôþȵģûб´ңңˡƳۣתȥ
㣡ҹҷڷ裬Ͳҽ¸߸𣡡
ͣ˽ŲΪǺˣͽ˵֪Űףݲݵ˲񣡡
Ӧ˭úȥ׸״֮ǰһ׮׮һǲӦϸϸ˵أҪʵʵĴš
ǲٺ˵һ仰ҪŶȥ
ſſĳ׵ڵأƮһ㣬ɫ
С㣬Ȼ֪ҹСйأɸոΪʲôֱӽҴȻүүŵɻʳ˿ڡ
⼸η鶼ô򵥣ʹǴҹ㣬ϾŲŲ֪׵ôԴ
С˼ǣСǱ֧֣
˵ͷһҪĻ֡
ԭʮ꣬δˣȺͽҪѡ
˵ݱˣ޺ҪɱԼʲôأ
ڼȵҹ¹ϣճӢĲ㣬Ŀᶨ˼21͵ʱӡ
ڶ峿
С㡪һŶ롣
ʲô类ͻĴɤѣ춼ˣȥҪ˯
СС㣡ˣ˵Ҫ㡱
ѽʲôҪ˯øҿվ
˵ΪջʹҪСĲ붯ҲûޣͷСֹĳȥ
˵ʲô˭

30

˵ΪջʹҪСĲ붯ҲûޣͷСֹĳȥ
˵ʲô˭
̴Ӵϵ
Сæͷ˵ڻʹǸӣСءء
ëȻڵ´ߣӣϽϴһ£ȥ
ʰһ£ȥƫ
ѽ㣡翴֮ǰ¼Ͳһ
ôү˵ģһҲûСմһǵĿ硣
˭˲֪ͣ걥ʫ飬ʦ̫ʦϰһ书ֱǸȫţԼ𣬵·һ
ŮȻô˵ŵһһġ
СŮӣүĪ֡չ˫Ҿ˵ţŤͷ磬Ͽү
ɫ࣬˫ȭգֻĽüë΢һϷӡ
Ҫǵ⿴ôϵ㡯ôţȴòʵͷ­
μүҧסȻһСľͻ
ض񡣡ĽĿ硣
ض㲻˵ҡ﷭˸İۡ
ձСˣջʹз»С㲻Ҫϡ
ôܲϣҲǹҲǴȱΪҡ
ûжǼգƫƫ绹һȻӣֻ취Ƕ˾
ո뿪˵ЩʲôһͻȻ֣ſն˵ЩҪ¡
ϳЩҪҪˣֻίСŮ̷ˡ
áĽӦͲźء
ǰһζ񣬺ڸһһҪС£ǧҪʲôӣ
˲Ҳ˵һ磬ֻҪĽ𲻹ƣһᾡȥġ
޵յ˵ͷŷĵ뿪
С㣬Ҳһʱ䣬ˮҲˣɷΪٻһ
ȻĽȸԺ󣬾ԭΡ
ݺݵؿĽ𣬵Ϊ˸ʱҲֻӲ
ȥүһ衱
ҾСĲһǺò裬Сʯӵ֪СǸϸˣҲ˲ͬ
㡪ãȥţһЩ⡣
ŽȥJ㣬Ժ󻹺òú˵С߶ʹηǣߣÿˡ
뷿ű̫ߣŲỺ߹ֱһ뷲ӣ
Ǽģʹһ򵥵ĶȴҲ˿ó
ǰ룬ȴֹˣȻүҰ裬ȻҪȫˡ
үȲ裬СŮҲѾԹˣͷĵĺȰɡ֮ƺǣȲ㣡
Ľ룬ܲƺãһֺõӣȴܾթ
뽫ͣȻбӿ΢΢۾ȻԣƽʱҲмĲͬϲҪߣȴͻȻͣϵĶ
ĽеĲ磬ȻС˷ķĲ裬ѵõĻҲеڶΣⱭ軹СƷƷΣ
ոջڴڶʱ׺䶥ֱĸо
үǲСŮļ
ǲƷ
㡪
û뵽սһֱһĨǵӣͻȻֱס
áһùͷһΪ֤ԼҲƴˣưͳԻп˵ĸо
롫һȥĸоֻ̣ǱʶԼûζ
ȻеʣֳҰսʲôԹ˵Ҳ㲻ʲôϻָ˳̬
үҵƷ
ɿС飬ѵǲ̫ѺˣñûȡĽץס˰ѱһ㣬̲סĳЦ硣
үΪҹȥҲҲֻǸô˵ҲǸоСŮˣȰﲻ㣬Ҳ˺ү£ƫƫһһεңҿǻֲ̿ţ˵ҵˣ˵ҸĻ𣬱֤ӴԺٷΣ
һ˵ôʱԭʯͷҲһ롣
Ľλһһ磬㵱֪ʲôԭ򡣡
˵ͷ
ҿˡ

31

ҿˡĽվǰһ󲽵ͷ磬̧°ͣһڵͳ񣬸дԵĿĺһȪ˵
Ȼأ
ĽͻĴֲΪᾪʧ룬ΪԼڵϷջûУķ
ʲôӦΪʲôûһ㿪ĵӣ
Ľ߳жӢƽʱҲǳأôÿᱻŪþʧ롣
ڱ⣬⾩һﶼС¹ײ˷ܻߣȻ޷ӦīЩ޵ݣ
үѵ֪˻ѾлԼ𣿡΢΢üĽ
Σѳɶ֮ǰһнпܲ𣿡
ձ˵үǰ˻ӵĻ壬ǱҲҵĻ壬ţ۲ݣǲú𣿡¶һЦӣһЩ
үͰ۸磬Ҳ֪ǲĻǼ⡣ҲԼˣֻᷴЦԼүһܸɳ¶ġ
ģҲû취ˣ˭϶˷𩣬ëǰ෬ϷԼ˸ɴľܾҲֻֿԣ͵ǳ֮ǰһڶ
㣡˵ţŸղű˵ϲ㣬Ÿ˵֪㷸˶ײ׹ݵĴ
Ľ״Σƽ湫ӵ֮Ժ󣬿ӣҲӲӲĴ㡣
ֻͨͨһ¹ڵأһٶĽһ
ƽ粻ʲôѶǸ׵ͷ׷ˡ㣬ˣʲô
ͼ˫ϥأɴ䣬֪ʲôʱͳ˻еӣƲˮۿ΢죬΢ССĳ
ܳүϲСŮǰĸ֣СŮǵмԶײүʧ˷ִ磬СŮΪү𷣣СŮ˻ӵĻʥּͣүִˣҲֻܡ
绰û˵ֿʼϣĽǰ⸱⾰֪װģȴҲܽҴ
ðֱˣˡĽᣬ޵滨ģҲõģưͳԻп˵
˿ָҪΪһүܵ۸ˡ
Ľֻ˦˳ȥͻȻͣ»ͷͣϷе磬̾һͷҲصˡ
ŲµĽ߳ʱ䣬Ͻᣬվ΢΢ſǱ˸񣬡СŮүʵ̲סЦ
һԵͿɵۣС㣬㲻ǡûӾл
˵ƽﲻǿɿղС޵ӻͦ۵ģҿ޵ֱһǺί˲Żˡ
үǰŸߣСջȥˣҲ̫շˣǿϷӡ
翴ɵɵӣṴһıǼ⣬СɵϣϷȫݼô򵥵ĵ𡣡
ͷ
ѽܵ˵ǸղҰͲϽ뿪ڣֲܸӲӲֻϥǡ˵ţϧԼϥǣίˣӺɷ죡
С㣬Ҳݵ̫˰ɣƭȥˣ
ҸղӳֵĶݿ޿ӣԭⲻѧͺݣθһٷ
պ󣬻ʤͥй磬˸·׹ݡ
˴ϴδʹǴδͬϴţ˴ȴֶףȻθһ硣
ϯ䴫˿֮żмλˡɣڡ
ϾͿ쵽ÿ֮գ֪״̬Σεľ֮𿪿˵
Ƕ߾ܡȿڵӷǧ
ãȻţտǧҪһοĿŷǧ
ʣ˴ǻʼԣȻӦЩ׹ݣ˵ܼȻҵСлԼ˴ξСͬǰȥ͵ǰϤϤǵһЩڡ
ǧͣһ£˿ϵıƺɲ˼⣬ֽ˵Ҵ˴ԻǿǶ֮ĸ飬Ȼ˴ŲŲʲôʱ˵ϼ仰
ǧתҲǴ룬Ҳ϶ϲܾ
һԵķͺĽҲסʶˡ
ʣвףԵشɽҰУΣ֮£ôһ޸֮Ůյأ

32

𩷴ǧ˫ðܻ⣬Ȼ˼ŮϣδҲ̫֪ˡ
ȻδҪ޸ʵˣ඼ԲˣֵܷսɳĿǧʹŭյӣȴɲĵ˵š
ˣҪ˵ˣǧ˵֮գСһҪһͬǰϵ͸¶Űκ˷
ǡּϼȻּͲֻܷ֮ȫ֮ߣȫ粻˺
󣬷ߣȴǧס˵ܣ򸸻ʵɷⰡΪ֮ĸ飬Ƿ˲˼ء
ֵΪʲôӦˡƽ治ңŮ֣ǻֵ硣
𩲻ǧȻ֪룬ֺα˷ѿࡣ
ǧ⻰̧ҪһȭֻСಡһ𩲻֪ʱѾͳеޣס˷ǧ궯˫֡
΢΢ĿɢʹԿ޵Ȱ㲻ҪҵŮЩʲôֽţȻʱ򣬿ɱҵıӲ۾
ʵöûȷǧ˵Ѿתˡ
ֻǧһıӰͲһȺ۵Ѫۡ
үû°ɣϽظô򿴿һԵ˵
ǧһĿʹһŰ̴߿̴Ŷڵϣȴʹվֱͷ
ÿ֮գͻڻʹǽ棬μӵ
ǰΧ㣬ڽϵԪΧˮйͨĵطɻ
Լ̫Զһ·ˣλ̨ǰǷ˺£ȥ˶ˣ
ǰ˽ҪμӵȨ궼ֻЩ׹ݲμӣ˵껹
˵Ŀ󽫾
ǣɵС㲻һ˻˻ԼΪ˸飬Сġ϶ĺԵأ
ֻüɫĽģԼۼһ
ҪǶ˸飬ΪʲôҪμӣ
ôôѽǻϵĴ˴ǰȥСĻΣգӦҲáƺѾЩͷȴǰԭ򽲸Ԫ
л̨Ԫ˫ֱȭлԺ󣬼Ҵҵ߽һû˽Сͬ
ͽֻ˸ƾʧںͬǡɳˣһСкܹŶ˴ˣŵͣԭ໿ޡ
磡𣡡ԪͥԷ𼱻ǵ硣
磬ءڲԶǧ¶Ĳõ΢Ц
һ˲䣬ԪǾôã뽫˿̵ůһӴڶһʧȥ
Ԫǰץסҡڵӣһ뻳Уرסһ˿ܵĻᡣ
类Ԫͻӵò֪룬磬ʲôˣ
ԪĬһʱ䣬ǽӵ˫֣סļ
磬˵𣬽ĻʹԻϵμӡԵرգҰ޳ûԪһǵĿ
磬ԭ˵ġҽ˵Ϣ磬㲻صģǰִ֪˶Ұ񣬲ܻôӣ˵Сһѡ
ɵ˵ţҲҪԪŵĸ
һ棬ΣϹ²Լ˻֮ĸ֮£
磬˵ֻλᣬ£һȵ˵
Ȼ˾Ȼ£ضȫ׼˵ûʲôӴЩ׹ݣˣֻѾ˻Ȩ֮ȥвȰ˻ӣ
Ԫڹһ·ͨˣΪΰһδαݺݸûǸʵһһһε˲
ֻԪû뵽ǣ˾Һͻֱ˵£Ѿ֮ߡһðȥðա
µҲּܿɱͷĴʱһ£ǲὫôġң硱
ֳָǼӣƺľûκ˿Ըı䡣
գұݳӣҪЩԪҲĿȷһҪֹ
ôҴΣ֮У𾪣ܡ
ˣ˵ˣʱͰƻִУԪ˵ڿл˸ʧڿУصСͬ

33

ĿԪԼǰʧֻһǧϣǧ޹İڶ˼
øԼյأѾִʧȥ׵Ŀô
Եرҡɽ˵صشҪθӣɽ·᫣ûƵ
һֻ˵ܿʵսҿǷ˼һв±ᶪԼ
ﳯеͷɲͷԽͣʥֻܽѡĻԼ
޶ɷݻϻС
֮ǰһյһԲɢްϢֻҶɳɳ졣
մС߳룬һ࣬ԴƤԺһֱֵʳϰߡ
ԭСϲʳζȴԸųСԸȴʳ嵭
Լ·죬ͷʲôҲûУһСͻȻಡһݼţǸæͷ˿
תͷĿ϶ǺӰͻȻܵǰĸӣеһɫĩһǳɣתǺͲӰ
ղʲôѽͷɻ󣬡ˣֻˣǰϽС͹ȥɣ
һʾ
ֻڻ谵һֻҡΰڶǰ˶һ°ͣĿ䣬ʲô
С㣬ôôūŰĵƶѡϣ̨
ˣЩ°ɣպ࣬ҲЩϢˡͷ
ǣС㡣ӦܸоСЩԾΪҪȥЩ˰ɡ
ԶȥӰߵȥ
ǧ¥ڣԪڿбȻһ˿ķģһֽɢϡ
ԪóһģƣĴƮԪɢɫĹ⣬Ԫһʹġ
ĿʼȼգŷĵһʧԪòҲһһķŸı䡣
üĿ𽥱ҶüһˮĴ۾زҲ¡
ԭȫҪ֮ʱͻȻƾճ֣ԪİѨ¡
ԪסѨλãеҲ֮ӴҲԭӡ
ԪĵԵ쳣ȣһ˫ĿΪ̫Ѩʹ۾ڲ˺Ѫ˿
ߵԪǰһѽؽ˴ϣڴߣסԪ֡
һұӦû˯ڴϣȴΪʲôķڰɡ
֪һܺ棬ͽ˵
ƽʱҶעȥշڻ谵ǡԣ΢ȴպҿн飬ҾͷΡ
˵ռȻѾȷĸңҲҪȥμԣôûһж
ռʹǧ˵ұҲѧˣֹ㡣
磬ѾʧȥһˣҶյأҵҲЩͨͨ˾ܴܵĲ𣿿ҷҲᱣҵģͲҪˡ
ʧȥԪĻ룬ȾһĨȴҲ͸¶һ˿ᶨ
ǰԪķĴ·ڣ˳㵹һˮڴߡ
ִͳһҩۣסԪ°ͣſ죬ĩһµĿС
һԵˮʹˮ뵽ĿǻֵӵѨλʹԪȥ
磬һƽġ翴ڴϵԪ˵
Ԫ忪Ѩһ˼ԲòǿԻҩ˯ҹȵʱѾͻظˡ
̶ҹʧ
ڶ峿װճ㿴˰˻ӵ̴ī
С㣬˻ͬһī˵
ôΪһ𡣡粻һϲǿסЦ⣬
ĬĬؿһУ߬еӣ۵׵׺һ
ΪʲôͬΪС㣬Ҷǧ˿Ƶϵȴܰ˻ͬ
ѾӣûõӵֻĬĬеһΪʲôֻ˱΢ΪʲôŬô໹ʲôı䲻ˣ
ݿǰ뿪۽һˮ¡
ѾڵĺˣٳûŲӡ
ڲռȫ˿߸ǱʯǶУҲǰµ˿ϣΧڳߵҲǿʣ㹻ˡ

34

롫ԴŴԺ˲ٴεҲͷһοھ˺ݳޣֱһŴ˹˹
ڵ棬һ£ɢ߹ŵʣá
ϳżԸе߶˵š
ڲ֪䱻ǣ΢ĸо˻ЩľګŲȥ
𩿴ӣôʱɰˣֽ뻳У޳ָṴıǼ⡣
ʲôأô񣿡˵㡱
ͳһƿҩǧȻ򸸻һͬǰȥضȫ֮ߣʱһ뾡κΰ취ߣԷһһҪƿҩϡ
ģǶԸҵġӷĻ뿪ֱͦˣظ˵
úúã֪ˡ𩿴ɰɵģЦЦ˼ֱ崺磬Ҳ㹻硰һˡ
ٴӵ뻳ڳϽӵֱĿĵء
ϴһڻ׹ݽϢأֻﳯͼһŵĽذΧ
ϢسغܴһϣϢмһλ׹Ԥϰá
ŷ𩻹ΪҪԽлһ˿⡣
һͷһضʧ룬һرסԼŵöĻﲻҳ
ڷأ֮ʱѾԸȥǣˡ
һͼСǣƥ׳
磬㲻һƥ𣿡죬ûȷ𩻺
ɣҸղ·Ϲ۲⸽Ǿͱ˭ȵǱߵɽΣʹⳡصĴſʼ
ĦȭƵļƣƺһгģ΢ԼСüëŷ˵
ǵĶעʲôأ𩿴ŰپܶʲôԽ
ˣҪΪҷһ졣绵Ц
ȻҪһΪţܺһܹ˵Ǻõġ
ãҪˣҪһ¡ָָԼ촽ˡ桯ֵķ
û뵽ôĻҲܴ˵Ǵһֲǲıˡ
á绹ӦҪȻϽʼλá
ĽߵģϳһĨݣֵյɪ
ҲһԾȥ
īΪⳡļ֤ˣҲͳ䵱˲С
һ˼žա
ŤͷԱߵķ𩣬ҪƽҪŶȻֱ۾˫ַߣ˸ǣȻͼ񱼶ȥ
һң˵ŹƽҪĿŵĹҲ˰ɡ
һԵĲҲǿɵۣѾԶȥıӰƺһˮ
ޣƨɺݺݵسһ£Ȼץޣķȥ
һԵīİϰֱУҲ̫ƽˣ˻ӱѾӢˣ͸һ仹˻ÿɰӣǲƽ
Ҳĺ̫󣬾·ŵһ£һʺ׼׼īļͷ
дһߵź
׷ķ𩣬ǰСӰһϯڷз裬˿΢΢Ʈ𣬵ǿȴƺǶյĺϤ
ϵ׻ж֪ģָоˣδһһ˸ȤȤڲ֪䷢ͳ˰
ۿҪյ㣬ʱ֪ðһֻ¹ֱȥ
£ܵĿ켫ˣһ¾Ҫ׷ˣ¹ĳ÷ԥͳޣһӣ޾Ͳ¹Ĳӣʹһ¹Ϣȥ
ʱڷקס¹ʱȴѵյ㡣
ҪͻȻֵ⣬ӮģʹһȨȻոһĻǸжϲ֮黹Ա
ŷһߵı飬һЦ
ߵǰ̧СڷļģղžҵķϣԼѡһҡָļ궯š
ͻȻס˸ǵصǡ
ͻǣʱšСֲôš

35

ͻǣʱšСֲôš
С֣궯˫ţʹ÷ǵҲر˫ۣŷȴһ˿Եĸо
ҵǹƿ𩣬ŭˣ˵˲
ϷʵĿ磬׷ʵΪʲôǵøղһþòԸ뿪
åߵֱţΪһҵӵǶǵ죬һĻܵס
˦Ĵ֣תԾȴһԾһסĸ첲Լǰİϡ
һ˸޼䡣
ظҵߣܸǧŻֵĻᡣӵ磬ϸףš
ǵ˵ͷתʯһҫȴӣȻǧ˼ҪԸ㣬һץסᣬҲ֣һҪСġ
˵꣬ó˽շĵҩ˿һĵҩ˿У˷Ĵϡ
֪ڵԼһ˿ӿͷԼļͷ
Ϣȥ
ԶķǧǴ˿̵۾۵ףɢϢ
ߵ⣬ͻȻһУݣ˻ݣһԵ̴ţ֪롣
ͼһֻӥͻȻһֱ϶ȥֱһԶӥһҽžĵء
æܵӥʬ壬ϣӥͷϷһ룡һȵ˵
ӥٶѸܹ֮ͣжУʹһ
˲֪ǰʲôһз̫ͻȻ̫졣
Եķȴǿọ̈̄ٶȼֱ̫죬Ҳ΢Ǹղŷ𩽫עϣҲܷһС
ŷ¶һ紺Цҵ˰ɣõġ
ʵͻֻһ棬ҲݹҪһŶѡ
񣬻ȨѾ¶ìͷǧȻȶԸвķ𩡣
һӦѾܷˣΪƿ
㡣Ĺһıӣ⶯ƺѾΪǵרǲǾҪһ¡
ǳŮӡ磬ƺҲرһס
ԵʱϾ͵ˣ˾ۼһװһĳ֣ɢ
ֻľɳɳ죬ĶĶ˶ӱһ֧ಡһҵļ͵طɳǡôֻö䡣
װУûһѾ˴ССʮֵ
һߵȻҲװĲ٣ȴϷɵģܵץס
ֻܹϹ˲˵ϣ֮ǰĿͱƭˡƮƮһ仰ȴĲˡ
С¨һߣ˵ʲô춼ҪץһȵĶΪԼ
ĬĬظĺػ
һʱϡղŵĵطͬղЩطֻһЩС͵ķޣһҪģǲǻľۼء
ֻּ׼ӽ룬Ůֻܱ棬Ⱥ򡣴˴ԳеĹŮֻˡ
ãУ㻹ĸأܳľɫ˶Ķһֺõ˵
絹һʱûӦΪһε¶ҪߴߴһӣȻҪʹЩʲôСֶԸԼ
ȷʵôʱڣʲôСһϸֺԼܾЩֵֹġ
㲻ѾǱˣǧҪý㽿ÿ浣ء
ȻǲһαװװĳȻʲô˵ʲôˡ
ãôҵ˼ұǺлȴͱˣǵô˵棬Ժһǣ
ݵѾžĵȥ
ȻݣвǻûвᶪҲɥڴˡ
ңĿ֮˵ݣݲܵŮõָĹ֣Ҫܳͷᱳ϶񶾵Ůš
˳ݵ㼣뽫Ѱ˰ȷǲӰֻԼѾߵֵ

36

˲ˣСС㴳ȥˣһԵŮһСŵɷףʧĺš
ǻδâĶԻлͷֶСС㴳
ϽȥЩ书ѰĴ󺰵ҪóȻѰС㣬һСİȥ˵æ
罥ȴٳٲݵӰͻȻʲôһַֻһִֻͣģҾȻа
ݸûֻ߽֣ǸԼʹ˸۷Լ壡
绷ܣȫӸǣû·ĺۼ޷пԡ
ֻȵϸҷǵ㼣ȥغϣȥҳȥ·
ԭִ˲ٵҰ񣬶ֵطҲİƾĹ۲Զľ﷢һ̲ѪƺǸ͵Ķ
ȻѪ죬緢ǵ㼣㳯Žӡ˹ȥ
һ£Զͷһ˿ֱϤĲϤˣǽ糿·Ҳ⵽⣬ͷָһĵҩ
ӵΪʲô⣡׷ʲôʲô֪˲ż
ͻȻֳɳɳ죬͵ػͷֻһʲôԼ
ÿһҶ־޴ȵҡΣʶһ޻Լ
ʱתܣһʹǱøӱ壬˵׼ᷢܣԼֱڵϡ
ҲûطأֻӲͷƤˡ
Ƭ̼䣬ֻһͷĸߴ˶һֻҰ˳һ˲䣬һ˫۾ɢһ˿İ̹⡣
ƺв˲佫͵ٻбŷһĹâһֵҲסݡ
ʱ˿δ¶һ˿־Ŀ⣬ͷĿԣ֪ʱҲһ˿Ⱥ졣
С㵹ù졣ĦȭƵļơ
Ŀ̫䣬ܵΣգֵſѪڣһ˹ȥ
һת¶˱ŵͣɵǲƫеֱײȥ
ƺ߳ŭצһ˹ȥͳ룬ǰɣʣˣ
ΪļƷƥǣڿֻ취ˡ
Ĺһ˲䣬Ʋһֻ룬룬ֱûģβ
ƺѨӦءһֻ˵ĽĦ
ҵ˱Ѩ㲻20ҽѩģгЧһ˵
ɵؽĦһϸСĶϣãѨλ⿪ˣ
ֻҪզһ̣ܶһΪԼȡһܵʱ䡣
صһ̣֪ⲻһζսˡ
ɵǵĸһлȼգĿԣƺڵȴһʵʱ
ڣɵǺĲȥˣͷĳ籼˹
һַͣԼһȵʱϷ360ȣתۼ䣬ɵѾ£һƨɺݺݵȥ
ɵ˻ţ˷ƵԼҡȥȻҾͲ¶ˡ
˳ǵĲСȥں͵һᣬ߬С
ֻһ˲䣬ɵǺȻ̱ڵϣ̽̽ȷûϢһ
ǵģȴͻȻʬ̧˹ľУһЩҶ
ƬǱһȺղһһضͬ˵ز˾ǸϽȥҷɡ
翴не룬̾Ϣ
ǰ˻ûżһʪζǰɫ֣һС
ǰ˿ΧĵΣһĽӡȻֹһͨﵽ˶档
Ҫִ뾭ֻһ취ˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôط֪ȥ֪𩵽׷ʲô˻ң˿ڵأʶķôϽˡ
סͣûô塣ȥһ˻
ͻȻ뵽һ磬͸һƿҩһǶа
ͳеӣ񡣡һûµģ԰ɣ
ŵҩ

37

ŵҩȻ޷˵ĳ˽ȥ
ԭǴҰʬۼأö֮һ̲
֪ͰѸղֻɵҲˣˣʱôࡣ
ճ󣬱㷢˺ҧѪģӣߵҰƺҪͣʬ壬粻ɵõһ
ಡ
ಡ
ֻĵİ֪ݹԼô򵥡
Ȼǻ̲סˡ
ŤͷĶһһ˼˲Զɽͷһһε׼Լ
糯һλ֪ĵ˸룬ֱüģӦء
ղŹ۲˼ˣղǸ˲ĽǶϺķϣǳһģڱ롣
ֻһֱֻĿڣټ죬ѸͣǸͰɽͷϣһ»Լһһڱصõӡ
֮ٶȣܲѵҪɥڴȻѾ˴Խ
ǻкö࣬Լû飬ûͷ޳ûԭֻһô顣
ǧһ֮ʣһذͻȻӿд̹赲˹еĹƫתĸ첲һСڡ
ȻûˣôǱסˡ
˳ذԴͷ˷𩡣ƽµĳԼǰˮʪۿǲŵһƽȵˡ
ôѰʱͬһһѪģ
ãû¡
˿ɽͷϵѲ
˵磬磬ôվһ
§һʧõıһ㡣
һʯͷϣתȥѰ˸ҩʯͷ飬˿ϡ
Ϊʲô˽֪֪жΣգղҼʱϵ֪֪Ѿ
״Σ˵ĸ첲ɫԽΧɢźɫŭ
£ոһ롣
Բ𡭡ͷոҽѰһʱ˷ȴ¼ҽ͸ǲǳʲô⣬ͷһѰ㡣û뵽ոճ󣬾ͱһȺΧԲ𡭡
ϽϣóһĿԣ˱ˡ
ԭΪ˾ϧһУΣյԭһжΪ
ʱζӳ¡
Ϊżӿһ˿ۣΪȴ㶪գ
ǻǾ뿪ɡ̧ͷ𩣬Ҹղſӱ˺ҧѪģֻǸлȺȺһǣǾͺˡ
𩱳磬ĴʯͷǰȻƽе顣
šԶǵĺ
ȺǵһǷǵټ
𩣬㽫ҷ˵
ûҲû¡˵Ⱥ˶ԸܱһҪãҡ
𩲻ǲֻǲٴյأֲֻЭ
á𩽫¡
Ⱥֱ̫ûһǱ㷢
ӻͳҩݵǰ͵ǳˣ׳׳
ͷ磬СϣһЩŵأӣӦ׳׳ɣûʼƵˣ
˵⼸仰Ȼˣǻ˸ղֽŵظо 
ಡһһֻҰǴһԾֱǶˣޣزסһԾҰǣ˳ľʹһӣȺѹͷҰǡ
ͷǺ񱻼еŭ𣬶Ե綯ٶǼ۶
磬סң˵š
һޣһֱסϸһһ³ͷǶʱЩѪģ
§סĲӣһתȽҰߵԶ
ֻͷβϴλǣͻȻǷ˽ÿһζıܿ˷ޣʵ̫һһµĿǿ
翴ƶǼΪֻиɿ˷Ĳӡ
Ƶһߣ𩱻ͻľٶŻˣ֪ҪʲôǼȻƿһʮİա
ǴһԶľʱ΢΢ָ뷢΢ವ
ͿǵͻȻơ

38

̼䣬Ǵ۲ΧѪɣѪļĻ¡
ء
ղŻ׺Ķǣʧȥһ˲ʧ˷ֻԭشתʹĺ
Իûȫ澯ѣһԾԱߵĴƾɴãһץס֦һ¡
׼Ǳȵȥ֦䵱ޣѧŷƽʱñӵӣһһµĴϡ
ǱǴֵ裿
ƴҪֿʹȫҪ˦£ƫƫȽסĲӣ˦ȥ
ϵ绹˸Цʱʱ
Ȼ۾Ϲˣ仹ǺõģһȫĶ䡣
۾Ŀô죬ĴҲգٵֿ
ͣеĶͻȻһﻹ΢ġء
ǰһĻҲһ㶣鲢ûչûǽƴƴеֻǷϲǱӡ
Լǰǵ˵ĲᣬǰĿ࣬ҲĲ̣ĺ󱳡
ƨȥǴļվͷͬʱĿȴת˸ֻʶӡ
ءûܳԶײɣ̿񱼡
𩿴ŲֻӴܵǣͷԼ磬΢΢أ˳Ժ׳ɽˡ
ƾʵӮȴôʤ֮ĸо ৵ˣĽʵҲû뵽ģ˵սʤƥǣĲôһ¶
˲ˣ´ֶǿöֱǾͺˣû뵽Ļͦǿ
ͻȻһĨ΢Ц֪ʲô˵һ
180ȵ̬ȴת䣬ǵ÷һƬ鴤
Ҳû뵽ȻŮ׺ֱУѽ
Ƶ˵ţȴеҪܲ˼
Ǹѧģû֦Ǽ£޵һ缫ıš
ͨСЩҵͷովô࣬ȴܾ˳棬˲ò
ַ̧ͷϣĥ£¶һĨҴų΢ЦǣѧģҵķȻǴʲô飬࿴۾ܼ
ˡˡˡ
˵ЩʲôѾˡ
ˡӣСԹԵ߶ţСͿʼ̡
𩻹û˳ճɵɵӣߵ˿ɰ
СɵϣʲôأûʲôӦ̣¶Цݣˣ
Ͱͷ̧Ȼкá޳ָıǼιԼСʵ
ҡҡС˼ȫǰ¶ֱˡ
ǻǿ뿪ɣ̫Σղ˾ֻʵץסĸ첲תȥ
Ů˺ߵǲһҪٶ࿴ۡǰÿ˵Ӱɵͷһůĳ֣ԭ﷦ζ໶֡
ոΪνһƿѵͲ𣿡ںʵ
£ȻˣǼȻƿҾʮİա粻˵ţڷΪ˵ʲôůĻʱ򣬾ΪǵŨҪʱ
Ҫ붼ˣȻʣһҪţе鷳˵̫ãٲˡ
һͨ˵ǽĴһӵ¡
ȻǲܶŮ˱̫˵ĻԼ͵͵Լţά򾲡
ɽϦбֻһŮмڵأŻϿ޿䡣
ڴ˿޿кҪ£˾ʥݣߵһС̫࿪˵ţģ
ŮΪˣϿĺܣԱߵ̫ࡣ
ػϣ󽫾ĶС㡣̫ཫĿ⿴ݣĶСͲеǸˮܽأ˵Ůӣ˭֪ʵڰϻЫ˵ǿһãֻԶ۲ˡ
˵ɣ£ʵĻ³֣Ŀ淢һС
ϣ滨˵ţȴٳٲ
̧ͷϻʵ۱ݴ˸ֻԼ˵ȥ
ոճŮ˼䣬ɲһ֮þʹŮЩŮȥѰ̫ΣգһʥּŮóȻǰֻֿǻȴ
ޱ鲼ΪգǸ޸֮Ůӣ˴һȥǺĿˣֻĪҪΪõǣ˰

39

˵һУҪƾԼΪտݼӮȡϵΣһϱԼ壬Ϊ˼룬ӵԼԼӡ̡
ȻѾ֪̫ΣգΪʲôʱȴǻȵó׺Ѷ췦֮ʱ棬㵽Ǻξģ
ʵ۵ĿݣԵһϷӿԴ׵
̫©ٳĻʵῴ
ݿŭĻϣŵǿ޳ᣬŮԾʵڵϿ˺üͷ
Ůʵݿ޺֮ʣͻȻðһŮ
˵ѵûҪ˵ǲ̫԰أǽ۾ϣԹʵأ绺ⲽĿ䣬ͷЩҵȴһԶļˡ
㡭ô᣿ݳţĹԭأʧСૡ
ҵĳֺǾأѵҲó֣ҴʱӦںδȻʬҰ
۵ݣǷԼϵ飬ƽ˵ű˵Ĺ¡
˵ҸղŮĴѰ㲻ϣȴҵĲ˵ϣң
תϣ۾Ⱥ죬Щɥʧǣ¿ɲ־ʱΪԼѣ򲻿Իš
ǿֱͦոǸ鼤ˣ·һ
϶֮ϣ΢Ͷ֮Ӳŭƣ龭ѾѰ˶ᡣ
ֻЦһ˵ʲôӲݴǿҵķ̿ݡ
ȴǶ˵ٽľԭԭ˵һ顣޵ʱܱûйſϷ
˼΢˲֪ϻ˼˵壬ֲŪ֮ˣȻ̹̹
££ҵķ˿һһٵ˵ϣľģ볼Ůһ죬ƫƫգ˵û仰һͷ֡
ƳһݣʧӼ˵
ԭּ׼Щ޹Ůô֣գŮȻǼýɥڴˣҽȥѰãҲûзֽټȴԽԽԶҸԵİ˻ӣҴ׺ݲ̵ͻǿо£ȻŮɥڴˡ
˵ʱˮȴǿˮȴ˰
ƾ޾ݣտڰͿŮ֤ŮϲҪĻ
ȻʸڷϣǲȥֿЩӡһ˰·۷ûŮĺۼǱѣ
翴Žݣѿࡣ
ʶȥʵۿ𩣬ʾȥ鿴ô¡
ϲɣ˻ӱһֽԼѱ磬ԩŮ֪Ƿȥһ࣬۾֮ԼǱɣζ÷ȥ
ͺ֪ıǴۣ񻹿ڳԣޣ·һĳ˵ϡ
ӵģīݣŷ֪ŭգһҲ֪ᷢʲôµ顣
ˣȻҶСҪƽĽȥɡʵͲͷúõȴһ־ˡ
ƫƫ»¹ذ˻ʶͻϱֻĽ¡
ǣʡǧżٱ֡
ղŽݣ˿۵ȴһ˿ĹŵһܷˣǷǧǷʲôҲٵġ
Ͳõʲôˣһ㱳۾
ߣˣȻ컹ǿҵģ֪ҳձѹүȥһ֮;ϲ֪ĸأ㻹ǵ̫Щ
ݴ˿ʲôƮƮȻĸоôãԸҪʵˡ
ֻҪȴˡ
ŮѾˡ
ԭΪǸҹ롭
ô
ûȷǧΧѾݿʼָָ㡣
ڲںһ׵ʱǻڵģ
ʡǧٴļ̧ͷ
˵Ŀⶼǧϲɫ˷ܣ˫ȭڴŽ˸˵Ϣ
ʣʵȷС˵Сȷ˻ѡǧƳһݣǸʶǰ㣬治ɫ˵š
˵ʲôôܣݵɴ˫ۣ˫ֽ࣬ȫѪҺӿԣһʱһƬհס
ɷǧûһۣ˵ֱ߷һȺ˵Ľӡǰӡȷǽӡֳߣһȷһһ·ǰһȴֻ˲ʮһߵС·ء
˵ţǧĿ⳯ͶȥǶԴ˴μΪϤôҵڣ
ӵ˼Ѿãı
ǡ
ô֪ǽӡһ磿
С̫ţᶯˣĽӡ۷ֵ޺ˣСĶ
ǧȫƺʶǰ㣬ִŻָɵ
㣡ôôңҡ
ǶСģС·ʰģ»ʲô˵ģû˵껰ǧͽϡ

40

㡭㡭㡭ݿҪˣ˵ӲԼ塣ǻߣȴ˵ˡΪȻ˽ͨһ˵ڣԼᱻġ
ʲôңҹΪӣܵʵУȻҪаС㣬˾ˣҪڳԼĴ󡣡ǧԴǵ˵ǲ˽ģƿģΪһҾĺûء
ǧﰵǸģĲɲĻԼƨɣֱǳ롣ԼѳûпصĽӡʻ𣿵ȻǲŵġһСܺŪǸʲԼǶԼӡ˰ɡ
ʱԼ˵ûصĽӡʵİ̾ͻԼľӪȫһˡ
ûУǼˣҲǱӵˣ˵һЪ˹ζ
Ӽ״΢΢üͷ룬Ůôױ¶Ե
û֪ʵݾԲǱôݾһŻ£ʶĿʵѸò
ʵûаӸӣҲġ
ԭܼ򵥣ƴ˺ܺõӴλѶȡ֮ҪݣһΪ׸Ů˲ҪײҪһ棬ݵԼαˡ
ˣͼıŮĻȥռ࣬䡣
ϴһӣѾŵ̱һϵ˴¡
ƽˮվڻϵԣЪ˹Ŀ޺
һ־ɨ˵ˡڳĸλ޲Թݣһ˲䣬ɨأǺѰ˼Ҽˡ
˼ȥûǲڴ¶ˡϾ˵ףͬΪˡһپ٣һܾܡûҲû档
ǣȹڣ˻ʵǰ̬ȳϿҵ˵ʥϣСŮһ󣬻ʥ϶׼
˵ɣ£϶ţ΢³ۣ°ȻĿ硣
ʥϣССŮͬΪˣ빲СŮΪˣΪŮӣҲΪԾСıŮȷʵ÷ǽ佻ɴ£ΪҶ档СŮ޼Ȼҵ飬СӦýҴáʥ϶׼СŮллʥϵĶݣ
ⷬȻʧЦǸѾͷЩŮǿ˲֪ء
ϱ΢³Ϊ֮һõĻ׼ˡСӣһѶССɡ
СŮл¡ؾصκë
մãϴ硣һʱ˳޵Ůӡ˸Ϊ͵̬ȡֻϹŵ΢ЦûйֻʱʱĶԵϲ˵һͷġ
ʣȻȻɷһӷǧ˹֣Żʵ˵
Ͼþû˵ֻǳЦȻĿӣ·ѾһС
ӱеŬȥ
СӡϿӣ˹
ūڡ
һڻӲϵƽ
СӵȥλӵµȤĿλӵ顣ӵƮģӷǧͰ˻ӷƽ޲վûһ˿һı顣
ĻȻ֪ǧС̵ģ֮ѷȥˡϾΪ˱磬˲ʱ䣬ǲ׽˶
ϵ⿴ֵģ֪˻λʲôı֡Լ˻ӿǸپϲˣ֪λ᲻ܴľϲأ
ʱ̫СӾͰλӵϡСתϣֹ
ȻСӵ룺Ī˻ĸԼ׼ʲôϲ
ϹһЦ°ȻĿСӣ˵ɡ
ʥϣūѽλӵڴ˴ԻвϡӲʮֻ˻С˵һͲ֪ô˵ˣüͷȥΪѡ
˵ϿСµӣе㲻á
ػϣ˻ֻһֻС亹ֱð
ʲôһֻ⻰İ
ԣһֻСʶĺ˼·һ㡣
֮෴ǰ˻ӷ𩣬µһߴţ·ֻһֻĻӲƵġ
Ͽ飬˿

41

ǧС˵ֻץһֻ۶Ц⡣ǧ룬ֵôӦö˰ɡ
ǧĿ˷һۣȻתͷĿ˻ϡ÷ǧʧǣʸͿԼһֻۣһĿŷ𩣬Ķ¡
ǧһĻΪ𾪡ţ𩶼ֵôˣʻôӷ𩣬עı֡ǧܲġƾʲôƾʲôƾʲôͬǸʵĶӣܵõӣҾҪӣ
ǧȭͷ³һԼǧȵ˵ף˵ôֻץһֻĪСԣ
ǧ⻰ʵĺ˵˷ֻһֻ飬ôҶԷһӡ󡣾Ƿɫҵ
ڳв͵͵ۡ
Ҽǵð˻ǰÿԻʱܲʮֻôԻʱֻһֻĪǳɫ£
԰˻ʱѾֳǿˡôС㣬ͳأ
ǵģ˻ôôûжû뵽˻Ϊɫµˡ
˷׷ۣһ˲䣬˺ܶࡣ
Ⱥ˵Ĳ˵ˣɤӣ˵仰Կ档һ棬ǿһ棬ǿǷԲ׽λֻע˰ɣ
⻰ͬĵ˵ͷ˵Сӣ˻ӲǺ
Сߵװз𩲶¨ǰ򿪸ӣСӿĶΪ𾪡˼𾪡
ǧСӦĿһ£ͻȻ÷ҪѹԼһͷˡ
ȤĿСӣһЦ֪澿Ǻô𾪡˵ɣ޺ܺ档
˻ӲһֻβСӹԼԼ˵⻰ġ
βϡ֣ѵһңݡ޼ǡأȻܵٶҲ죬׽ѶȺܴһβ׽βʱѾ׷ݵһʮǰˣʱǼٸŰ׽ġ
գ𩾹Ȼһ֮ɹ׽βʵסûǿġ
ֳޣãֺܳʡͣͣ
ǧʶԷͣܲǧ˵ߣβȷʵԲ׽˵ץסһֻȷʵסֻⳤβץʲôֻǸпõĶˡ
˷ǧһۣ˵ǴβûõĶ
ǧ⻰Ц˵˵ܺγأ޶ۣ治֪ʲôá
˵ս²ϣɲֻһζǶӣֻ»ڶཫʿʿǱҾܲ˼ϣҪ֪սϣһľߣĽʿû
⻰ʶĵ˵ͷ
գҲһֻβȫ԰ѱȻоӪȻо죬¶»ܣҶ֪ɲϲģȨ취ѳβ͸Ȼ˵ɲĻܣʱǿԸЩսȷľߣ֣ĳβûõĶ𣿡ֱ˵Լ⡣
˴Ϊ𺳣𺳵ĸоȸղŵ֪ץβʱ𺳸лҪһЩѹַιôߵĽԭΪԶ׿ʶ
˼ϸȻ˷׳־̲ס̾ѡǿȻִ˼ԸδķҪͷǳΪ˵ĸƷ
ĶǶ־ᶨĿʵˡ룬Ҳģ
մã޷ԼԶ׿ʶҲֱ˻һĺûӡţò˶ãͻԶ˸̡
ԻдʣøʸӵԼˣջȺ֧֣˵ջĶࡣ
û˼ǵ÷ǧı֣ʹڶ̶̵ʱץ˶ʮֻıֻǱȲ𩡣һǰעڷϣ·ķıǽ˹ģע⡣
ԻȺĴӵ˽ӡ˷ǧ˶ϲá
һڳĻϲ֮ˣûע⵽ǧ˶Ŀ⡣

42

ϴεԣԼôСڹؼʱ̻ҪԼ
ԴһŬҪԼǿ
뵽ϴǷ𩼰ʱ֣Լ֪ܲоյƽĻص˵ߡ
ϴֵ֮ΪһεĥʶԼʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ뱣ԼˣΪԼ˲ԼΨһķԼǿ
ص֮ȥĺøԪ
ߵԪԺǰԼĸ磬ղƺ࣬Ԫ̧ͷԼþվԼǰ
˵ĳ嵽ǰ˵Ҫˣ㶼֪жൣ㡣
˵֣û̫ˡǰੲݵĸ硣
ܿͱӯΪҲû뵽ԼθȥԻ顣
ȻԼǰ֪ȥԿ϶һЩ飬û뵽ôյ顣
Ԫۺ磬ҲʶԼĻ̫ˡǾߵԺǰ
ŴӲȻ⣬϶ί
ʵ粢ΪʲôίΪԪ˵ġһʧȥʹ֪࣬ǧø羭Լһʹࡣ
Ҳ֧߳ɣһ浱ȻΪˡ
뵽ԼҸԭֹסĵ˼
תԪ˵㿴ⲻûʲô𣿲ôСֵġ˵ǰǸʲôֲǲ֪
ĻԼõ֣ԪŷѽԶǳĺӣҪʲôˡ
ʲôµأⲻܵĸ𡣡
Ϊڲôν壬Ϊзôηѽ
µɫʱҪǰ21սͻӾӢӵĶӳʵҲһŮӣһҲẦߵŮӡ
磬ҽҸһģˣֻԼǿܱԼԼĵ֪Լô۸ġ
ǰᶨãԪҲǸý̽Լøһˡ
Ǿһ¼֮ΪøõıԼȷʵҪúõĽ̽ˡ
ΪԪףԼʱʱ̵̿ߣֻǿԼܹġ
ǰԪһֱΪ̫ˣԼ
ԪԼоͺˣܹþ㹻ˡֻҪϰһЩܹͺá
ڿ취вͨġ
Ԫ˵вףֲһҪ͸˵
ͷ˵ţһܹġ㻹֪ҿǴСвľġ
ǣҵõȻ־ˡ
ǼȻӦˣҾ͵пյʱڹֽ̡
ҽʱ䰡Ҫڿʼ𣿡
⻰Ц˳Լĸ绹ôĿɰ
첻УûпգҪȥһ硣
ĻôһˣѲ˸ϵ
Ǳ˵ҺһȥɣҲȥһá
Ͳȥˣⶼ֮飬ȥʲôڸ÷Ӳˡ㻹úõĴŰɡ
õĻΪһÿصԪô᲻أǾ͹ԹҲԼԺﲻȥˡ
Ԫ뿪֮;ֱȥԺӡ
Ϊ¶Ȼ󣬾ͱĸ׽ˡ
ûаȥ£ǿϡôٳȥء
翴ԼԺҲװˡҲûյ󷽡
ǰƿڴΪ㣬ҲŻӣΪʲôܺúõĻţôյĵطȻܹ
ڵӲǱ˭Ϊˣʵ硣
ƽʱ綼αװ緢ӣȻûҪĸо
ͷҲصľ߳ǸŮ˵Ժӡ
ʱǲٳˡҲƲʲôˡ
ڶ죬ͺԪ۶ۣ綼ˡû˵һۡ
οӵѪ磬ҲǼߵġ
̶̰֮ʱȻѧϰĲˡ
ڵɲǵǸˡʵС

43

еʱ𩾭еʱ͵͵еʱǹ
ÿηʱ򶼻һЩϡŹֵĶһЩСʳʲôġ
˵һ仰ǡ㿴ǲûкúóԷˡ
ڷôݣһܱһǺܵģη̫Ļ͵紵ˡ
ÿʱöóԵģһ㡣
Ȼÿյʳ϶뵽һ㡣Ҫ֪ôģҸо˵ʲôԵġΪΪԼĸոպá
ͷĸҲء
ÿηʱǸоԼĺ󱳷һ˫۾ڰй۲һֻΪԼ˲Żĸоû⡣
ÿηյԺûһԪͻ֡ǰ֪Ҫһ
ʱ˷Ҳ͸оˣλ˸ڷ
Ƿȥ磬Ԫûʱ顣
ܸоһÿһﲻһ׼֡ѲáټǱлԼǰ׷һඡ
ŷĻ粻Цû뵽ð˻Ҳб˷ŵһ졣
㻹ЦҪΪһ졣
úúãΪҡҲΪҺðⲻ֮
ҲĻǣû˸ղǰίģ
ڷҪһ顣Ԫˡ
ʱһ˵㿴ɣҸղ˵˰ɡҸյ͹ˡ
粢û񣬶ֱӰһۡ
ԪǶ˵ĻоȻΪϣԼúͻй
ҲΪáǿöԷĸ飬оԼٲֿܾˣʱԽãֻݵԽ
ճԼԺУŷҲÿˡΪ춼Լ
ԸŻÿηã͸
ֱ綼ˣ𩻹ûг֣粻ЩżΪûзŹԼĸӣˣҲøˣԼһġ
η𩲻ûҲûյ˵Ϣһǳʲôˡ
ǾʹæȥҪȥĸ￴ûڸϡοŵһûмС˾翴ֺ졣
Ҳûж룬ʵүտڸС
ŵС˾֧֧Ҳ˵վһԵȥˡ
С㻰أ㵹˵ѽ֧֧ĳɺͳ
ǱŵˣС˾˵ǽˡү񡭡ȥˡ
˵ȥ
СľͲ̫ˣȥˣȥȻˡ
ˡԼﵣİΣû뵽ȻȥȻơ̡
ȥ˷ȻƵĵطҪǵط󡣵ܺȺɻƵĵطȴֻһ
ʱķһڵķֻоԼȣ¸ܡ
ֻ֪ԼΪ˲Ԫ֪Լȥ磬רҪȥ
û뵽ԼշȥһأͲʡˣٴڵķˡ
ԺܸоԼ·֪˲磬ŬԼѣҪ
κλʹһ˿ҲþԼһ˿ԼŮ˿ˡ
ʱķΪԼ飬Ҫӳȥ
Ȼ֪˭ҪԼԶط϶ûš
ʱҲطžͿʼҷ𩣬𱿴æһŮֵط²̫ʰɡ
Ҳ˲˵ûп
һ⻰ֻЦ翴Ҫ֡
ڷһ̣ôһˡ
ĺ硭̫ˣýеš
Ҳеע⣬ΪͲţᱳɻơŵǷ𩱻ݺˡ
Żôżĳ
Ϳ첽ĳŷȥŵһ˲䣬ӳľڴŮˡ
͵ɫ죬ˡ

44

翴ŵϿҪȥķۣӷӦǱˡ
Ƿôѣǲףŵ͸ˡ
Һ÷үʱ͸о鲻ԣΪүѾȥ˰
ôҷأڿŭ뿪Ҳ͸˳
ֱһˣطڵϵķʱںԼүԼһĴڡȻ˸Ҷүҩ
翴ʱͶ˵ϿүظҺΡ
Ļ͸æŷķȥһ㶼ҵ
űߵķַԸˣ췢鶼˵ȥ
ҪǴȥ֪ˣҪǺÿ
˵Ѹղˤ˳ȥҲʾˡ
Ǹ˱ˤȥԺطҲû˽ˡ
翴ŸղŵﵽԼҪЧת뿪ͷɿȥˡ
ȵ絽ʱѾʶģķϴͰˮ
ǿʶûл͵ķ𩣬ְ취вͨ
ʱɲҪǵ磬Ǵ21ĸ߼ҽ
ķ𩣬ĺżϽóԼЯ롣
˶ϳȥԺ󣬾Ϳʼ˸ʩ룬Ϊķ𩣬ıЩҵ磬ӻ
Ϊ˲ŬԼ侲
Ƿ˷ϵļѨȻֿʼλʩ롣
ڵ˵쳣棬ΪֶвпȫѪ
ֱһϵв˵Ǻķȫɫ𽥻ָķ𩣬пһ
ҪԼƣ壬ȥһ̫ˣ˼εˡ
һֱŵĶʹ˽һžͿڵµɫѾָķ𩣬ڵķ𩻹ûѹ
ڵϵʱһϽȥҪ
ôһȻ˹ѹĵһ仰ǣүЩ𣿡
⻰ϽظүѾˣǻûѹС㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
⻰Ƿ˵ǻȥɣ̫ȥܹǲõġ
ͰŸȥˡ
ߵʱ˵үˣһȥСһģС㲻Ҫ
Ĳ뿪ˡ
صΪ̫صԼԺӾ˯˹ȥ
ߺ󲻾ãתˣԼĵطԼûʲôԲ顣
ʱýͿѹķ𩣬еҩæϡ
ү̫ˡ
𩲢û˵Ҽǵһȥʱ򿴼磬
֧֧Ĳ֪ò˵Ϊ˾үȥ顣
֧֧ӣĿ£ѵΪ˾Լʲô顣
ʱˡ
С㣬Ϊѹ˺ܴľ̫赹ˣûʲô¡Ϊ̫ˣС㿴ָĲͻȥˡ
֮ͻָĺ֮ǰ࣬ΪԼĻ赹ˣסˡ
ȥˡ
֪˯˶õ˹֮ͿԼߵķ𩣬һ
ôˣõ𣿡
öˣΪҾ͹ˡлҪ˵
֪Ҫ˵ʲôĬӣµѾ֪ʲôˡ
ȷ𩿪ڣ絽ȿˡ
֪ҩҸĲԣӦ㣬ǸһжΪҺá
𩲻⣬ѵΪǻʼҵ𣿡
ţ粻ϣҺͻйǣΪһ빬֮͢Żôĵ⣬Ż£Ҫ뿪㡣
˵Ҳˣû
Ȼ˵ţˡ
ԪΪԼ÷ַһˣԥ뿪ԪŵڶʱȥοοԼá
û뵽ڶ쵱ԪȥԼõʱ򣬾Ϳ˺һ÷𩣬Ǻɻġ
翴Լĸˣ͹ȥ˵ġ
磬֪ģͲģһɷ𩣬Ϊһôʱ䣬˽ģͬҲ뿪ģԺ󲻹ʲôǶһԵġ
ԼôִԪֻЭ˷Լ÷

45

ԪΪԼļƻʮôᱻʶأȵ֮þһˡ
𩻹ÿһԪֱ˵
ԺҲһˡʱǻ
ȻǾε顣
߾Ͳ˵ˣ˰Լɵ˵Ԫ˭˼еҪ뿪Լ
һʼҲǺȷǲԪļƻ
ֵһ˲䣬ˣе鶼Ԫù
ҿ־㹻ᶨȻڵǶΪõġ
ŷ˵ԪȷʵԼǷˣҺûзʲô飬ˣͿԼöԷϲĳɶȡ
ܻ᲻밡
Լÿ϶õģϾǴ21ģӡһֱһһ޵ĸ
ķʲôͺͳûʲô
ôֶߵء
ҪǸŵС˾˵ˣʹûڷ￴ˣиоϤĲУ벻
֪֧֧˵ٵʱˡ
һ㹻ŷ𩣬ˡ
ԼҸǧ¥ǲǸ
ټϸǰͺ˵ϲԼͻҵй㲻ϣԼͷе̫Լܵ˺
һҾˣټʱĺۼ
һоͶ͵ͨˡ
𩿴ԪֲİɣϲģһҾԲܰίģοԶֻһˡ
ŷĻ粻ɵúԪŷĻҲ˷ġ
εԺԪҲĵؽ˷ΪԼ÷ΪַĵİԼõġ
ټ˭ԼֻһأҪԺԲԼõ飬ԼҲܵġ
Ԫǵš
ε֮ͷĸҲ
·е鶼ڳźõķչ
Ȼߵ̫ƽˣǳиλ֮Ķȴսˡ
ҷҲǴرɲΪ
ʱ糯֮ϣѹƷ˼
λ䣬ڽɲûʲôߣѹѹơ
ʵhĹԱ۷׷ףûһһõİ취
ֵķǧȻû˵Ҳʲô˼ɣǾͲö֪ˡ
𩿴ԼüͷʱʣΪѹɲԸصӪΪҹһ΢֮
ĻʵŵüͷҲչһٶҲǵõ˻ʵ۵Ͽɡ
ǧŵõʵϿɵķ𩣬ɫԾľſ񶼶˼ֶݺݡ
ʱһµ뷨˷ǧ뵽ƻķǧɫɵĻࡣ
ѹɲļƻõ˽λԱ˵˵һЩҪʵ۽С£³ˡ
³֮󣬷ûлصԼֱȥ硣
Ϊ֪ԼһȥͲһʲôʱܹȥ̣Լһȥνռࡣ
֮ǰúõĺһ
Ų֪ߵ˽ʱ绹֪ҪӪ顣
ձҪģԼյſھͿ˷𩡣黹ɷԸȽϺá
һԺȥ𩱾ΪջԼһȥ磬û뵽ߵһʱվ˵˻ӣһһЩ飬ͲһȥˣúõĶһɡ˵վת뿪ˡ
֪ҪԼһЩʱ⣬Ҳû˵֮
Ժӵʱ򣬾ͿſϵԼ˿ɰģоһ˿̡
ȻԼΪʲôҪ򸸻صӪ
ĵһ̧ͷͿվԺſڳ˼𩣬Ѿһˡ
Ǿ߹ȥʲôô񣿡
Լ߹磬Ҳعˣ˹ȥ
΢Ц˵Ȼˡ
Ƕ˾һʯԱߣŷû˵ɡ
ҲԼԼһ˿õԤС
Լģ𩻹˵Լ˵Ļ
գֿʼˣɲΪΪ˰︸ʷǣ򸸻صӪء
仰Ŀһ¡

46

þòܷӦΪôҲ벻Լոյİ飬ôͽܱ˴˷ˡ
ȻǲԸȥģǹѵͷжĵ
οΪӣӦһΡ
ٲԸܹ˵Щʲôأ
𩿴ģкǲģ޷
ֲ֪Ӧú˵ЩʲôĬһ֮
˵ʲôʱȥ
Ϊ̬Ҿͻᶯǰڻȥ֮ǰúÿ㡣
һҪעⰲȫһ㿭ġ
֪صӪ֪ʱ
Ȼ˵ȥѹɲɲⲻ˻һս
翿ڷļϣ˭Ҳû˵
ݵĶʱ⡣
ڶǷǰӪľˡ
ûȥֱҷ𩣬ֱ˳ſڵȴ
ڳſڿӰʱļֲᡣ
Ͻɿԡ
Ϊ˲Լģ㲵ݻҪǿװ΢Ц
ĸѹ
˵𣿡
ûҲյ㡣
š
ˣѹ
ԼСһԵõҸĻᣬүȴҪȥر߹ء
òߵһˣȴҪʱܷʹࡣ
߷𩿴ʱˣͶ˵ʱˣҸˡ
ȻĺǲᣬȴҲûа취Ϊ
һ˵仰ͼ뿪ˡ
翴ŷԶȥıӰĬһģһҪƽҵ㡣
ֱҲӰ绹ڳ뿪ķš
ʱ㶵磬ĵ˵С㣬үѾ뿪ˣⶼүˣǻȥɡ
ĻŻع
˵ǻذɡ
Դӷߺÿ춼ģûµʱͻȥԪȥ졣
˳øԼָһС
һԪʱܸоҪʲôҪһ
յǧ¥͸оʲô̫һ
Ǹ翴Լôһ˿Ķ
ټ챾벻Ƿȥô˰ɡ
ͶԸ˵ʲôϢԴߺұûϢ
˵Ҳ޵ΪһʼԼȷʵзϢԼȷղϢ
Ż
ԪԼĻ֮ɫȻôһţȻܿͱ
Ȼֻôһ˲䣬绹ǿˡ
Ԫ˵㶼ûϢô֪أ
֪Լĸ˵ѵģǲԪ
磬֪ÿ˵ѵʱﶼǲҿ۾ġ
˵֪ȥˡ
ֻ˵ǲ֪Ϣʲô𣿽ʱ͸оʲôԡ
ԽԽԪҲֻ̹ס
촫Ϣ˵ǰӪѹ·νǾһ䲻
ԪĻ
·һ㣬ʡ
ӻ˻ΣҪһ㡣
վס磬ԪϽǰסҪµ硣
磬Ҫȥ֪ϢԺ˵ĵһ仰
üᶨ飬Ԫ֪Լֹġ
Ǳ˵ȥؼʰһ£Ǿ϶
ԪĻһҲ뵢̾ҸȥʰԼҪĶҹǶ˾Ͷȥ˷ĵ̡
ǵԺ󣬾Ϳ˵ʿԼͷɥʱ·𿴼˾һ㡣
ǳĶ˵ԲС㣬ûбүŻõлɳˡ
֪𣬹Լûб÷𩡣
Ǳ˵үһȥҵģڵǰá
˵ͳȥˣΪ֪ڵķ䲻֪ȥҡ
Ψһİ취Լĸͨռһλá
ϣܹŵԼȥ
ȵԪʱ˷λãǸϿԼá
֪λԺͼæԼĸ˹ȥ
ҺȥļʱžȻһϢķ𩡣
űӵķ𩣬ĺѹȻᡣ
ҵԺһҲҵ
ȶԷ˿ڽ˼򵥵Ĵ
Ȼ͸Ͻѷ˾Ӫ

47

ǰѷͻȥԺ󣬾͸Ͻʵ۷Ϣ˼ҷġ
Ϊ̫أԲѣ޷ٳսۡ
õϢĻʵȻǷգԼĶӻҲİοˡ
ܹѹҲһֵ顣
͢ߵ֪˻ˣ޷ټսԺ˲䳯֮Ͼը˹
ʱһֱĬͻȻˣʣԸ游ʷǡ
⻰Ļʵۺûие⣬ͺһжԤ֮һ
˵ϴӶһ¸û̫Ľ顣
ξȻëԼҪп϶è塣
ԭϴ֮ûзΪ÷ȳóûڰ·Ȼû
ûȻôӲⶼûǴǺɲһ֣ķ𩡣
Ϊʵ֪ǧ˼ֻһֱûнҴ
ǧٴҪʱ򣬻ʵֱȿʱɲ˻ȥ
ʵʵҲΪ˸ȡʱ䣬ǧȥܻء
Ϊʵ֪˷ǧҰġ
ǧҪõҲǸһˡ
ڿߣνˮȡ
ǰѷͻԺ󣬷һֱղˣʲô취С
֪һֱȥ϶ǰ취Ϊܹ÷𩾡Ȭ
Լ֮ȷ𩣬ֱЧİ취
ԪҪֹģڿôᶨ
֪ԼȰҲûõģֻȴš
ŲȥʱԼȥһ¡
Ϊܹ÷𩾡ĺ˵ǲھ
ڵʱ򣬵֮ģѪ
ԪʱϵžȻһ
Ļ롣
ŵԪڶںԼȥļʱǲԼҲԼˡ
ڸİ»ָĺܿ죬ϾӵѪˡ
߷𩾭Ϥ£ѾõĲˣӦúܿѹˡ
翴ɫһõķ𩣬ǸʯͷҲ˵ء
̫˾ڷĴ˯ˡ
ѹʱͿԼߵ硣
µۣ϶һֱչԼûϢá
ŵ磬Ҫϼ·
Ҫ˹
ǰѹ𩣬绹ΪԼΡ
Ҫһ
𩿴ͣԼǰֲ֣֪϶Լǲġ
סַԼϡ
ȵӣȷԼΣ˵ᡣ
𩿴ˮ磬кܲζ
ǰˮ
³Ȭˡ
õϢĻʵۺǸˣһϲδĶϱˡ
ȬԺԪҪ뿪ġ
羭ԺȷԼ벻𩡣
ԼȻ˾Ҫͷһͬԡ
¶ĲԸ뿪磬ԪҲ˵Щʲô
ԼöߣԼ͸ˣսȻҲҪ
Ϊܹ𩣬һ˾
ȻطľٶҲõ˾ӪλʿϿɡ
̣һȥӪ
ǸյӪȥӵˣʱ䱸
Ҫõпɳ֮
ЩͻصԼΪ˵ҪԼ顣
һȥ˶ӭ˵ǾӪûôĹأλ񣬲֪λʲôҪ¡
˵ЩҲ͵һʿ˵մ鱨˵ɲΪεս͵ȡ˴֮˵ǲ
ϢҲšڵ˵ȷʵһ⡣
Ҳû۳ʲô취ɫҲˣǶȻȥˡ
·Ҳ¡
Եȥҷʱ򿴼ƣӣ֪϶Ϊڷա
ǣǰʵΪɲ͵ȡ֮鷳𣿡
ĻӦ֮һֱսϵ⣬ټɲƣεսô򰡡
⻰Źӵ˵а취ƽ֮أ
Ļжʱȼϣ
㵱а취
Ц

48

ĳӣˣа취
Ƿƽ΢Ц磬֪ʲô취ܹԸ֮ء
翴ѾԼȫ͸ķ𩣬ڶҲȤ˵֪һֶ֣ǵҪӲĻࡣ
Ժоǳ𾪣֮Ѿ˵ǷǳĴˣûǸҲҪõ֮
˵֮ȻԱҪһࡣ
Լ죬Ժ޵ˡ
𩿴ǰǸԼϲŮӣԼܹҡ
Ͷ˵ǻҴ벻ľϲ
㶼Ϊʲô֪֮𣿡
㣬˵Ȼҵģ㲻˵Ҳǿġ
Լķ𩣬Լ˶Եˡ
Է𩽲ֵĹԼҪĲϡ
ǶʮһȽּȻʱܻЩѣзԴЩѵġ
Ľ⣬еǳ𾪣벻һССŮԴȻô뷨
һ򸸻£øܽС
֮ҪܽҲ·ǧҰĵļһʲôڷľٶ
ΪڷԺ²ǧɲЩһĹϵ
ΪԼǰӪɲôյôЩϮԾǳԼġ
ԶĻʵҲΪ֮գյ˷ţеݣʵۺǸˡ
û뵽ܹôʱҳİ취лʵ۸ƫӡ
ҹ˼Ĵ󳼣·ԸȥܽС
ܿһֵƳˣ漴Ǿӭ˵һɲս
ڿս֮ǰɲĽ컹ϵţǵһս֮
ɲν˲أ˵ʲôҲţԼǧ͵֮
ĸֵǰȻôĲֵһᡣǵ֮ôԺ21ּء
ھһӲӲսԺɲʤһĿȻˡ
ʧԺɲҲˣҪӲӲһ浶ʵǹսǿ϶Ǵ򲻹ġ
һЩĵ뷨ͳɲ˵ȻǶӣΨСˡ
ǾȻʦԸ
һʱ֮䣬ľȫˣʧȥս
𩷢־˶ģԼÿ˶ġ
뵽ãΪɲͶˣԼԼʿŻ
ȥݣԼǶԵķˣǻȴ˵ûзκ쳣
Ȼо֣ǽҽҶôˣǾҽԺûз⡣
ʱ緢⣬ͨȻǿκģȴ˶ߣΪĺۼ
ɲǱ߻ΪοԳûһ򾡣ǲ֪
ŵĿѪЩ˵Сһ
ֻæصԼ˶˳ȥԪ
˵׼Ժ󣬶˾Ϳʼʩ
ֻǶͬʱһâǺܿƽɲʦµʦ
Ȼ󣬾Ӫ˾Ȼ漣Ļָˣ˶е˼顣
һε飬ڸλʿеҲӵĸߴˡ
ɲߵʦںͽŽζԸǣͻȻĿ³һѪ
״æǰûü˵
ֻʦ˲ǵѪ˵Ȼҵʦ󡣡
仰ǴһæʵѵԷľӪҲʦ
ǵģҶԷ֮Զҵ֮ϡ
ʦ˵˳˼
ɲεǳ׵İˡ
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49

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50 

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