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Ůİ
ʮ꣬ĸ׼밲ƽΪ˲ĸ鷳С΢ֻ̡ճ˺ĸװˡ
Ȼһδغգһδζ⳯ĸŮϮۼҪûˣ𳹵׷һקס˺ճܽɮ¡
κүסץסһκү
ܴɮ£ܰѵΪ׼̳кļϣ

İ
ܽԭһΪȴû뵽һżȻʪ͸ıӰӴ˾ҲѲξƹˤˡ
2020.8.23
ƼҵԤչԡȼ޶ɡȥרղ~
һΪְͨǡŮƵŰŮ
ԭУŮѾ߳ӵһһֱڶ£ڱŰŰŰȫҡŰ󣬲ڴСͨһԾΪרĽˡ
ŮЩѾˮȵһѽԱŮקˮȻɤӺԼȴһˡ
˭֪Ů⻷̫أŮһ̫ͨ٣Ƶͷˡ
ΪԱתͶ¡޲ʳһĵЧңõϵıһδνħצ¾¡
м޲
֪ǳжжĵŮװڻҪң
ľҵѽⶼʲô˰
ϡЦеôĸˣ


ݱǩ ͢ ж  

ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ   

һ仰飺Ϊһˡ 

⣺¸Ҽǿÿ˶ԼĹâ



1.   1    վܽǰΡ

1
һһ
ϸգһ磬ˡ
ǰƽС磬ŰŴѡ͵ĹвŸõĶȹ²СĻûҴһ磬ѾȰһĻǹִĴˡ
ֻҪ۵ġ
һȥ˰밲·ţһ汻ý˼硣

ѾߴȥС㣬ȻǻȥѰɣ㶳ţͷȾ˷纮ɾҪܴˡ

Ųӣشն

ͷȾ˷纮ﲻҵġôţɼǲȻȥǱ±ܱܷ磬ūСŻȥȡ磬ͷ˰ýϷٰȡ˾ͳɡ
㲻ҫˡ
⻰ֻ룬ֱ˵

ǲ̫ˣ
ȻԸ
ػûü˵ĿͱǰˡѾģǸû⣬Ǹһȹװ˼ɫӣӵġȹװѣӣһ䣬ÿˣ

ѭԼСĿ⿴ȥ
ֻ˸ĸӣΣĳܡ
ֻӰҲ֪ȻǸӡ
С㡣˵

ʱŭɹȥ

ֻüæĿڣ𡣡

ȻޣɧӺ꾫

ĬĬŴСź磬Ƿ£˱ǵһġ˱㲻ȰС㣬ô룬Сˡﲻ˽ǣǽϷ˻ߺү֪˵ֻ¡

ʲôʲôµģǸһ޽ƿҾͲĸ͵Ϊôң繣Ųӣ˵Խˣ˵ҲС㣬ҶʮСˣƾʲôһҾҪС㣿ƾʲôҵģǸʲôǸԲеţҲС㣿

䲻䣬ڶСˡ
Ϸ˺ͺү˻˭ҷԣ
̾ȴֻͷ

ȴĹĵ˵ҶѾʮСˣͻȻС㣬ССϲ̨ĳʲô˵£ֻ֪ǺС㣬ô֪ң
ұŵŮĴСС㣬˲֪ҪôЦأ
УҪ죬Ҫôȥ밲𣿲Ƕ޵̻Ůɽˣҵĵĸˣ

ӴҵСԽ˵Խ񻰣̲סڽס죬˵ˣ
˵ȥֻСҪˣ

ȴԽ˵ԽΪ۷壬һƴ֣ȹǳһ·Сܣ˽ǰӦݺһ´бײȥ

סԷȥｭϺͰƽס˰ҪһС԰յʯ·ûӰ죬С԰ȴŢһƬбݺײûôֱֱС԰

ͰĻݴľ͸ȹں󱳣԰ŢڵϵҲ˲һƬ䳱ʪ˫ָʶĳŵػۡʮ꣬ͷһί
̧ͷײˣʹۿﲻɷᡣ

ϵõ˼㡣
ĿЦӴⲻǺСһ˭أС㣬ô·

Ȼ硣
Ҳֻˡ
޽һ£˲ô룬϶ҪôҪô롣ֻ磬ػؼﶼǰ޵ˣ۸ˡ
ԭС㡣ᡣ

С㣡
ģ˳ƺС㣬˳ƺΪС㡣һС㣬˲䱬ըŭһǰ£̧־ͳ˹ȥ
ֻǣȴûĴȥ
Ϊ̧ˣΪһ룬Լͣˡ

С㣡һٺ˿Ҫȥ¾ͱȻִˣû򡣡С㣬ҷæǰ硣

ҧ˳
һվȾ˦žһƺݺݳһվŵСȥ

СѾߡ
һ̫ݣġž𶼾˾

С㡭СڣС㱾ܵĽе硣

ž
ҧݺһơ
ۣæ˦˦

ȥСۿɼٶȺ
ίˣ޵Ϊʲôū澣

ʹ㣬Ҫ
һҪǾƾӣ
粻мڸѾ߽͡

СȻСǺѾߣƿ˵ԼŰģ˲ۺ䣬С

Сͷ
ץ°ڣС㡣

ˣת󣬲мС㣿ʲô仧ĶҲС㣿

Сҳֻקק°ڡ

֪ĳںСǰȷ仧ˡȴĬĬ裬Ϊⲻ
磬㵽ʲô

ʲôҲɣǵˣ絹ˣû취Ǹ꾫ó裬ִˣ˵ᷣҲոΪʲô𣬿ʱסֵԭ
ߣ纰һתҡˡ
Ҳ׷֡

СϣһῴһָϽֱͣ߹С԰ת˸ûӰҲû
С㡭Сʧ

ҲñǸ̶һṦСѾ׵Ĳˡ֣ҪСʱûֻͷӺɰóСӣǸСҲûʲôҩЩǮ㿴취˸ЩҩĨĨɡ
СǺļӣԼ㣬ҩȴӦòѡǺС㣬˸ЩǮûİ취ˡ

СǮȴС㣬Ǹ߷˰ɣ˶٣æū澲ΪԼūΪܲһֱô۸


ѹʲôҲûС
Ϊȥ磬˵˲ӦǾƽ᲻Ը⡣˭˭ϾǰƽŮС㡣ԼǰƽϲǿļŮڷѾĶ飬ѲɻѹƽŮȥ
οҲȷмƽ
ֻҪ۸Ӱݸм̵Ըˡ
ЩûҪ߱ˣҡҡͷСʱҲˣֻб۸ķݡǵһΣҲһΣҸ˵һȥĵطɣң㲻۸ˡ

㣬ҲһȴѾˡ
ƽСǸǰһȴѾֶӴ䣬ǰĴСǰĴƣСܵǰĴ񣬴ǰССӢǰĴ㡣ԭźСźҲǴӴѾߣ֮ǰŰƽͽϴæңƹܺլĶ˹˲̫࣬ʱ˸ȵѾСæˣСధ󲻿ߣϾСѾһԾһȴѾߡ
һȴѾߵǮǶСѾߵǮȴֻģĲ࣬ѾͷСãҡͷϣеΣֻС㣬ҷȥѰɣ

С㵱治ߣһΣ²ֻһεģߡ

˵꣬Сͼ»ūѧ㣬ֻҪС㣬ū澾ȶ㿪

ԵСѾ˵⻰ֻͷˡ
ˣȴСߣҲֻһ취ˣϾûסԼѾߣСԼ㿪ٺòˡ
УʵڲߣպͶЩСɡ˵ţĴ˿ָһǱǽڼнǵȥֻûһ֪ˡȥţȥȴԼˣ򷢸˸ͼЩɡ

Ҳǣһ·ģ˿Ȼᴫ˶С˵ʪ·ͷһҲˣҲ
СͷӦ£תСܿˡ

ٴܿȻ̧ǽȥֻߵϣûüǼнǶأһߵ¶߳ˡǰģһɫֲɮµĺүܽ벽ģСƽ
ʶҪ㿪һת뵽ԼǱæת˻

ܽѾˡ
Ųһ٣չסƽ

ƽûЩײܽ
ͣ˽ǰſǵ
үС㡣˵ȴЩɻСôŵģҺôĵӣȻôֱ㶿Ŵү밲֪

ָܽ¶ŵ㵽ǱȥţҪ˹ҺСлҪ˵

ʲʲôƽɻ󣬻ɵ䣬˵˵лҪС˵ǸλС㣬ƽոһĸͬĴС㶼û˵ôƫλСл˵ˣ
ΪƯ
ƽٴο

ֻû濴ܽѾȥɡ

ŶŶƽææӦˣ

ܽ¶м䣬ֳ̧˰ڣٹȥЩ

ƽٺúÿأܽһ죬ֻôҴֿһۣǺǺͿĳ˳ȥˣСȷʵƯ񻣬Ƥ𪣬һ˫ۼǻŵʱҲÿֻ뵽Ҽ
òظ£ǾÿĴС㶼Ҫѷɫ֡
ԲԣСƯҴүʲôϵҴүҪҵ𣿲ǡ˵ûȣҲѰԼ
⡭ŷŷҪС˵ʲô
Ѳ֪ʱСԴүˣүҪܾ
ƽèצһ͵͵İ¶ţǱ߿ȥ
ȴҴүվԭأɮ۽С㵲ʵʵҲ

˿վܽǰεĺ޲õи
Уһȥ

ܽȴûֻԭȿеǸнָָȻǺ󱳳۾ͷ¶һۡŵƽͷ̧ߵȱأˡ

Ҫţ
имæ첽ܽ˼нǡ

Ѿأ

ܽʣæȥȡˡ

šܽû˵

Ĳ֮ԶܳʱȴһֱĬš
ֱȵСŰɡҴҸѰˣүҵѾˡ

ƽܽСƽˡ

ƽӦţ¶źתſܽƽʲô鶼ûеһܽһżλͷ

ллܽлֻεĶƽ˾䡣

СҴܹɡڵϣһ磬һʣС㣬үô

Ѷɪɪˣ˲ϻشС⣬æԼˡ

СȴѾµࣺС㣬үƽһһ¶Ǳߣڻ𣿡

ǵġ
Ҳû뵽ĴүȻô
ߣǳ˵ĳԴȱΪ
𲻴ʣСүǲ˵ûȣҲһԼˣ

˵
үĳҵģǺүΨһĵӣ̳ءС˵ţ˵ЦС㣬С۸ϸ߷ˣǾ͸ߴүɣүδĵˣô֪ˣһģ




2.   2    ֪۸һֱǡ

2
ү
ǣղŴүǰӦֻǡˡȱΪɣ
ҡͷһһʲôţͬүⲻǼڶ棬û˵䣬ֻƿѴְһѰˡ

ôְֻһѣүƽһǰһŵİ
С㣬ǻ֪ǴүСͱȥԭ׼ҵӣЩһңڸﱾǲ˵ġֹǸļλС㣬ǺһĸͬĴС㣬ƽҲġСˣƽҲ£죬õûֱ˵ġûߣƽһţһֱȵū澸⻹ǻţʲôǻŰ

ǻţǾ֤ү࿴ˡ
Ϊʲô
ʹүû˵䣬үôܻ࿴
ô룬ô˵ˣСˣô룬үûɻҡ

ôûɣ
Сѿھ͵ôƯίɰ

Ư
ɣǴүΪɫŻģ
뵽ˣһʱ뵽磬뵽СĺЩ˵лˡ
ô˵ģ
˵үǱ̻ŮϵĺۣԲŰѺ˵λøǰƿ
˵һͲҸˣ֪ʲôĵֶι˺үأ
˵ɲ˲Ų¾ˣ˵û˺үĴˣ
˵ĸŮһһжˣŮڿźãֻҲˣպɱҲȥүֵøĸŮ̡
뵽һθ͵ͣ˽ŵͷŻ

СС㣡СڳܽԺٲᱻ۸ͻȻˣŵˣС㣬ôˣﲻǿȥū澽ȥ߷ˣ̸

֣һỺ˹ŵãû¡

Ӳûµİ
СҪȰ

תͷĵСţҺʹүû˵䣬ǼܻҵġУ飬˭Ҳ˵ȥ

ģЩˣС룬æĵͷáõġ

СѾߣǵһεС㣬Ҳ֪ʲôõĻСﴫȥɵӰ켸ǻԵġһۣΪǣ粻
ԣ
Ѿɶ֣ǲЩȥ
ǳȥˣûк֮ˡ
ΨһܳȥķֻмˣǼ޸˭أ

С֪𣬹ҵ£Ҿ˾˼ұġ˾˺ͱҲϲֻоĸûƣ˰ƽС㣬ֻ¾ĸͲ˰ɣ

Сǵһ˵ͱүˣ

ǵûС
˾˺ϲңҲⷽ뷨ҡžĸӢţҲȻϲԸװɬ״תͷһתΪ˱粻ᣬСԺĪ˵ʲôүҵĻҺʹүãʵʲûѪԵϵ⻰˵Ųס

ԭΪүôİ
ǿĺϲԷˡ
СеϧΪܽ𣬶Ǿò˺С㣬Ӧܼ޵ĸõġ
õС㣬ūԺٲ˵ˡϾ׽Щֱ˵

صԷһѣС˵ɡ£ҲŽȥ

ս򷢱˸㲻׵ģߵ۾ҪˡȥˣԼС

СǿЦЦūⲻ±ҲҲһСĽ´ȥûµС㣬ūƤ񣬲Ҫġ

֮ԻСΪСʱֵ̫֮ˡ
СƳȥȥ˾Ъţٽ㡣



һߣܽƽϷסٰ·š

ƽʵǺ棬ԼҴү׸С˵ʲôô仯ûУСҲǱܾѹģһ·ۿٰԺžǰˣƽʵ̲סСϵܽ࣬ʵүոոС˵ʲôˣ

ܽûȻš

ƽ˻ûȵشֻܽɮ¿䣬үС˵һ˵ɣʱСĶǺһģСô֪СʲôʱйӴ

ǴȣܽͰˡ
߿ô˵ڳȱվŵʱʹѾȥ򲢵õ𰸺Ѿһʲôˡ
˿ƽľȴͻأһӱ˳
ʲôأ
Ůʪ͸ϣϸıӰѹճÿ
ǺÿȻǵһο־úÿĸоǱܵġ
ⱾܣȴӦеġ
ٴܽЩգȴ˿ԣƽǲ̫ˣ

ƽǴСźܽģܽʮվͱȥԭ׼ҵӣʱֻƽΪˣҲһȥˡһڷԭ³˵ͣһ𱰽޲Եĵط˸׼ʦֵܡϾͬͬסͬһʦѧҪƽ̫ܽྴηҲܡ
֪ܽشҲܽү͸СİɣС̫ˣǲ˵Сֻ¶Բ·˯žˡ

𣿡ܽãЩˣ˯ţͳһҹ飬ú÷ʡʡ

үƽŵĽ

ܽͣſԳȥƽ

ڷԭ£ܽ㣬ƽҲ຦¡ںϷ˵Ժſڣ뵽Ϸÿ˽ôƽһݣٲҿˡ
үӺãϾӣ̫Խ



絽˰õʱ򣬳Ӧ밲Ѿȫˡ

ƽн⣬⻹߷ҡ
߷ͿȺܴͨѾ̧һʮһʮߣȰƽ󡣶СҲ½ģһʮһֻʮߣȴСҪСôң۵ĻѾˡľˣһкӡ
һһһŮӡ
ͿԿ̶ܳȣҲԿֶж

˰õϷûȥ밲ԵߵǰĹĵĺ

һһŮ۵ȴŮСǸ⣬ҲΪʱ̰治˽ţǸӣ⣬Ǿ˼̳кĻᡣȻۣȴҲЩԹ²̰úõģ̫ĻᲢС
ƫ磬֪ʱΪϹأְ뱧Ű£ŵô

ôأҡͷûʲô

Ǿǲ˵ˡ
֣ûʲôͿЩȥˣûء

ߣһ޵̻Ů
죬ģ䲻Ըʵʵǰ񣬿еţŮĸס

ǶޣŮʮ꣬иôŮڰƽŮҲϡϡˡһ򵥵İ׵ױӣͨ¾ͷһ֦һԶô򵥵㲻ϴĴ磬ڰƽһŮУȴ۵ġ
һʮһʮ˵ң䵥Ҳһȣȴƿ·ߵСҰƷ㣬ײˡ
ϼ޸ƽΪ鰮ΪȨƣ˶ڰƽŮ˺ŮȻΪѡ˰㲻źʧֻЦض񡣡ֵˣһ·ͷȥƫůůҲڡ

ǣģ
̻Ů
ӣҲûﻷһȦأ˵Ź˶٣ʱˣĸף㲻ỹûɣ

ҲЩ֣һһζûٵ
ЩĵЩΣŮʮ꣬ǰʲôҪ밲Ĺء˺ȴòعصһ𴲹밲ŮǸ̰˯ģһȴһԹûУۡ

ˣС㾹û𣿡翪˿ڣȻҪһŮ

ϻ֪Ϊѱˣռ˺˵λñҲҪΪģֻܴΪŮѣˣֻ˵ҪȥȡʲôӦҲȡ˰ɣ

ѣ
ͷͬʱ뵽
ûҲûֱ֤Ӳ𴩡
˷ʣСȥʲôˣ

̯֣Ҳ֪

㣬֪ʱֲˣĹȥһߵƫ

ƫСһѾˡ

㡣۸𣬵ȴʵʵˡ

Ƥã䲻ȵġš
ĴѾߴƹ񣬿еС㡣

С㣡
ٴαֻĴѾߣŭҲֻӲסСû˵ʲôȴŭ⡣

ˣѾ룬ãϰߡ

ϰϰߣƾʲôϰߣ
Ҳϰߣ
㣬ѲҲǺġ

˵꣬Ѿãԣ

ί۾һ¾ͺˣ㣬Ҳ۸ҡ

֪۸һֱĻԡ

۸ҵݣҴСС㣬һܲˣˣ֪˶ôЦҵЦúǧȴһŵŮݣѹҳţ±Ц

СС㣬ĳûзϣҲԼҺ𣿵ıĵ˵ҪߵĴСݣҲ᲻ˡ
һ߲ϲ磬Ҳǰο˾䣺ʱ䳤˾ͺˡ

ʲôð
޵оڼﻹãҪ˴ֻ˵ǺС㣬һЩ֪ǼģȻΪСأƾʲôڹаǰֻҪʱȥĸ밲ͺãţճʱҪ˹꣬ʲôʱîʱģ˵ƫſڿۣһӱˣа㣬˸ûӰ죬ûȻͣڱϾǺˣԺӣǾǺĵӡһֱ˵ҪҲϼ̳֮λŮ˸Ķһ˵ͻǸŮ˵ĶΪˣ

һǹżģЦЦ
ҪЩϲ⣬ģ治ĸϾѾûʮ꣬ʮûռλãѾˡ
֮λ
ÿЦ϶ˣܲ˵һС޶ѣʲôܵģ
һ˵Ļͷĸأء
ΪߥԸÿǣɵϴˡ
ֻ˶˹ȺЦãɣĸԸСģ𹼸ĸ׵ĺ⡣

㣡ӶҪˣǸɵ𣬾Ļ

Ѿϴˡ

籾û˼ʲôʲټŭУҲֱӸ˳ȥ
һȥͿ˸ոյվȽŵ

ĸס˺һҲĿڽĸס

ŮϵЦˡ

ֻڣ㣬ôڲոĸ˵ǻȥȡˣȡʲôҲóǿ

Ѿλεˡ
޽ΪѰƽıӻɲΪ˽Ů۸ģ
ϵЦһգҪ﷢ѡ

ȴһˣǸĸľ顣

ж
粻ţ첽ǰͿȷһֳ𾭡
ײȥ˼÷𾭣
˵ķ𣿱ΪӦøðİɣ
ţ־Ҫȥᡣ

̲ס͵һĸķ𾭣Ҫ͹ȥ㻹ĪҪˡ

Ϊʲô
˵һƫҪˣ
ֻû͵һץס˷һǡ

ǽûڣˣҷģҲûǸǰѷ˺١Ͽˣܲĺȡ
͵һ顣

ǽĺС㣬ʲôû㱻һ˾ųǰˤ˸ſǽˤһӣʵʵջˣһˤǰҲˤøݡ

һУʧ̬ĳ




3.   3    Ӧôʮְ壬ٽ

3
ôû°ɣﲻ˵ϣŵļ

ƽ̹ˤ˴ſϲûˡһ˫ܵȥŵأȴ滮ۣмѾðѪ˿
С󼸺ûܹ˵Ů˳磬̧ͷĿ⣬һ˿ɱ⡣

ɱֻһ˿ŵò˰벽뵽ԼǴ˻ýһ˳еӲסôû뵽ô𾭣֪ô뿴Ҿˡ

˵Ϲ
а˼
ҧ

ȴֱ۵ÿ˳ƨè޺Ӽٴȱ㺦ˤӵģ㻹ôֱá
һֻû˵ͱסˡ

ȴЩԼŮЦ
֪ԼŮӣҪΪǹǷˡֻȻǹ⣬ȷʵˣҲš
˵ʲô˹˽ǰֻͷȥδˡ

㽭ϺվţڵϣǽϺ߸ϣ簫һƵáȻȷʵˣǷﻹ磬ûʵ
ĸŮϬһ

û˵ʲôȿڷϣȴͻȻһˣС۸˲ʲô𣿡

۸
ǵ涼˵Ϲۿŵġ˵۸۸ֻʳû۸𣬷Լˤ˶ѡ
ʵǸʷĹأӦôأ

۸ãǰĹأͷҲء
뵽ˣһﰵ¾ҪһᱨŮһҲԸǰͷĻᡣۺأС۸ãӦôʮְ壬ٽգ

ʮְ壬һ᲻á
ĸףŮԸ췣ԸΪѣ̵

ϰĿһۣȴһ̷ڵĸǰ󺰴УֳȥҪ͸ĸĶĹأӦôأŶУ㲻ǸңĸҲӦûʸְɣ

ȷûʸ
ڵĸǰ󺰴оʧ̬ҲȷӦܷ
֪һ£㱻ϵȴܲˡԴʮǰԭκȥʮƽңܳңһܳʮꡣ
ΪΨһƽõңûк˵£˵ڴ󷿣Ϸ˵ٰãƽﶼܺߵġƽ˸޵̻ŮŮԭһ۶ʧݵģû뵽ȴ߸վͷϣ
һǸ̵ģ̲ˣŭŽϣȻʲôû˵Ѿеķŭ


˵Ļһ㡣
ϾǸ͵ģڰƽլӪʮ꣬ԼýȢĺˣ׳էϣʤ㼸㡣ãѡãίľŮ
Ůססˣ
ڰƽ㣿
޸ƽںլһ㰲ӶˣԵ˰ƽҡ뱳пɽͷǮ㣬ŮĻѰЩˡ
ȻȻŮúһǾͲ¡
䴽Цʲôﲻ֪ҪȥٰøϷ밲ˣҾ͸Ϸºˣ˳ҲϷˣźأһ޲ҵң۹ظη㡣

㡪Ƿ̣Ҳʧ̬ˡ

һֱϹϷ۵׿ϷĺЦǰĸףʱˣǸȥĸˡ˵ţ۷ﻹŸʲôõˣϽ򣬴úúȥɣ

ڣһϷݵЪˡ
ߣҲ֪¶ֵϷǣΪңûҲдˡο綼ȷʵдȡ

ڽϣûֿϾոճԿֲ̨ף̱ˡ

ˡ

ٰȥ
ллոյĽΧһ·һģҲҲ˵ڣҲû˵
һ·޻

һ˵ٰʱոյĲ˶Ѿˡ

ƽסˣ󷿾ǰƽһƽŵԭκϣһһŮһҪҲԸ̳кĴүܽŮʮֹеĴСδТҪȥɹˡ
ƽһһŮϸһŮǶү£ʱ̰˽жЩ㣬ŮС磬ԣĵðƽ۰

үǸѧֻ֪Ƶصģ˷Ϻһ˫ŮȴáκȥƽһֱûңһֱǶ˹ܵļңᴦ¿ͣظ¾ûвġүܺȻòȲϴүܽȴǸΪТ˳ּΪˣʮ꿼ţʹμˡСܵԽЩȴ黭ͨһһ̫ﶼŮ죬ǻûףǶˣֻ¼޵ҲȴС
иСӢԭС㣬ˣС㡣ǶΨһӣֻǿϧʱѲûˣΪųǷϿֻͣظû˼ǵס

үܳϺϳɻ鲻꣬Ŀǰֻүܼһӡܼ꣬ðֿɰǼϷ۳ﱲ

Ϸϥ׵Ϸ밲ĸס

ϷСܼζŪϻϲСӶЦһڣЦ˲˸ɸɾ
ǵģϷ˲ϲϣΪ϶޵̻ŮݣΪȥµʱͼˣΪѾϷ˵ĵߣƫƫϻǴнš
ǰЩûز
ٲϲҲѾȢˣҲ˳ӵˡƽòᣬϷ˲⣬Ҫ̳кλĴ󷿣ôϷȴһֱϵġ
ֻϧӺԺŮһѣȴֻзһȴ˽ţⱲ;ԵˡܽǸõģƫһųҲϼ̳кϷ䲻⻰棬ϣٶӣҲһѡĻᶼûС
ϽţкôҲǵˣǺʹӲʮ߰ͣھλûоںչϣȴ档Ϸ޵Ŀ۽ϵĶӣˣЪŰɣ

лĸסϹ

һϷˣĸ

ϷȻϲϣȴãһ͵ˣǸϲĴŮСĺӣ˺ҲֻԼŮ䲻һ۳裬ҲûʲôԵĶС
Цſ˾䣺úӡ

ǸսŲõ´ɩˣүүͲʺپôȥˡϷˣһ𳯽ϵķˣӦˣһǰһš
ֻߵſڣλүһͷ
ү˵ķ򣬶үģȴǽϺ
Ȼûע⵽һ㡣

ƽܲžͼţүܺԺ飬ӶүүһߣܼСޣֻʣ͵Ϸ׵ܽˡֻ۹۱Ǳǹģϼ˽ôãƤӶûһ¡

ԭκȥ磬ССûǸϷ˳ģΪϷϲŮٰñԣ𣬶ܵӢվأȴùЩ첽ǰܽˣʵʲôʱģ

վڽ࣬ʻ˶䡣

ϡܽϧ

ôû˸͸Ϣȴ׵ܵܵԣȻȵĵϵģ첻ͳˣ˶

ˡܽ

´۵ܵܣǱϵɮ£Ѿˣôô켴ԽԽ䣬ظסɣɽůͶˡ

˵ôһѣܽ˵һ֣ˡ

Ϸȥˣ⺢ӣͲһģ˶٣ֵ꣬͸óˣ㲻סӣͷˣǽ涼ˡ

ܽĬ

ȴС۳ܵܣµܱܵ˵ˣæǰˣұ㲻ܾˣҲûʱ侭ȥɽϿ㡣Ͱסɣסãֻסҳ޺òã

ƽǶׯصĺСģ⻹ǵһμţǸСϣõӦʲôһ㡣Ϊ̫ˣ޲ܽӦ

ȻܽǳĬδɿڡ

ۼ¶ʧҲžЩѹˡ

˵ˣӦ˰ɣЦſ˿ڣ˵ǰڻҲͼµʱ䣬ѾʮˣҪģβЩӦӦ

˷ϣǺϵϷˣµͷСѾߣ˶˵õˣҲ⣬Сû˲һӶ̬ܵľڶ˻˲䣬Ůһ㡣

ܽԶȴ롣
ˣû˵Ļֱתͷ׵ϷˣĸҪ˵ұȻˡ

ϷϷ˺Ŀ̬ܽȣɫһ˲ĽӲϷ˲̾ӰҲҲɣɾ⸱β˭ҲԶպ̳˺Ҳ֪ǺûǴأ
£ֻõ㰲ţ

ܽǸϷӣ˻ȥ

ϷŵǶȥɣظԵķ緹˵Ŷ˶٣ֵϣ¡
ϲϲǽĵĸҪ˵Ļ£ϵκΪ˸ӣҲý¡




4.   4    үϲʲôĹá

4
˽ϣ˶ٰ

Ȼ뿪

ԥ£ȴߡ
˶վſûֻȻȥˡ

ֵ΢΢ͷ

ȴʵôû

£ˡ
Ƕ˹ܼң㽭ϽһˣҲȻˡôǱ˴򣬶ֱ֪˵ˡ

ˣü¶еôˣô˵ģ

ʵˤһӡ

ˤһӣúõģôˤһӣһ⣬ֲСˡ

úõôˤһӣ
ϸҪôشźϷܽͽϵԭ򣬲ͷڶ߳Żشûվȣ

ôһ˵ǵõ˿ԽܵĴ𰸰㣬˵ͷˡ

ܰ뿪

뿪ıӰƬ̣ЦЦƫͷʣɩ𣿡

á˵ͷ

ߡֳ˼

Ӧˣźӳٰá
ߣһ̧ϸָϸͿʺޢһԴ˵Ŀǵɩ˵ĸ׽нϺͽΪʲô

֪

˺Цһʵߣɩ棿

һЦ󲻹Ǵ󷿵¶ʲôúģ

ɶɩǹܼҵѽһ򱧲ƽǰûŵʱ򣬲һʲô¶ĸײҪģǽϽţǾͲ˵ˣôĸҲ̬ȣ㵱˿ɣ

ͣ½ţƬ̣ͻЦã˵ЩҶˣҺĸϱϵ֮ˡ

ɫ΢䣬̶̶ѳһЦƶɩ˵ģҲ㲻ƽˡҪô˵Ժҿɲ˵ˣһĵˣôء

ЦǳԼǶĵһ㣬Ǹԡ

˵ļЦԹϣ۵ȴȻһ˿ŭ

ȴûƵã糣ˣҲ֪˵ôҵȥÿҪһȥ

ǸŮŲϸء
˵ˣθſŶأҵøϽȥ

ܼκԶˣתͷܵӢҲȻȥ÷ɣȥ

ӢͷӦǡ
ܵĸ׿ЩһӻҪ£ˡ

¶ĵЦã֪ˡ



ڿء
ȻѾ˵ֻЩСˣ̶ֻҪ뵽ôǰ˴󣬻Ϊ𣬹ֻܰһŭҲĻᶼûУһӵίԹޡ
ҲģҲİ
ҲǺС㣬ʲôǸǺֿڷԵƿƾʲôҪ۸
ұ۸ˣȴҲĻᶼûУ


ǰΪŮôѹôˣûͷûŮӣЩ˵ƲܵңܵҵĶȴҪΪȣСЩɱˡڣ޵̻ŮĺӶҪһĸףȴֻܽݣ϶ܸ϶ϣ
ֻҪ뵽ˣľ񱻵һ

ҲܣҲܾôװױ۸ˣ粻֪˼ֻǵԼίңҳڶ

ĵ׵ܣãã㡣

ҡҪҲǰˤſҪ˵־ⱨݣֵֹһҪҪ󣡳ĳ󣡡

ĳ
ʲôĳˡ
æ񣬶죬ˣˡ˵ȥſڰѶӭ˽

˽ݣһۿڴ۵磬㼲һѽ˻úӣ˵ˣίˡ

ỹûأһ⻰ʱһۡޡ

úӣúӣίˡ˸ıͣ˵⻰ֱ糹ֹסŷ˼˵һķô°㵱ʱҲ˰ôˤˣ

ﱻ޵۾Ҳˣʵǡûá

̾˿ִֿ˿úӣҪϸЩʱҩˮ˼ҵĹɲ˰̡

Ҫˡ

ܵ۵СŮһֱޣĶҪ˵ͬʱҲԽϺˡǰСǽˣֻǶޣ˺õβ˵ģȴû뵽ýﴦҪ˵ˣ

˳Ծ˻棿ô

ЦĲˣǲţֻܽȥղǽζԸĸŮģвۿˡ˵һ٣ʹ˿ǰ㿴˶ˣһǰֻ֣˰ʵգɶˣͳǰҾҲõЩ˵˽ĥôĹܼȨأ

ȴ㲻ܼȨ㣬ģǺֱӸǡҾǴܣ˺ˣܼȨұǸýġ

˲żȴˣôԣʮ࣬Ѻã˭һôйпͣòװѺľˣƾʲôôֳͣɵıˣ
ǽϹܼңǺＸĻ·

Ҳǣôɵ˵ǳܼңǺʲôأǺɲԭŵԺʲô˶ܹܵģ

ýϱҲͬĻˣǲΪˣΪǺļλС㣬ܼȨĺáãҲüλС㶼ˣλүȢˣǲǽӰǸүСԵȥ

ƺ÷˵е˻ͷ
˵£Щүˣ㻹Ǹү˵һɣ˲⣬Ե¶ҲҪǳͷġλϾĺˣǷ£ʵǲò֡

Ц£˵ȴΣлᣬ϶Ҫ˵ģֻ¡үһ˼ǽϷ꣬ѾпʮûˣҾ˵Ҳûл˵

ǽϾǸɧӺӣһ

εĸ˸йһԵĴСطȥӦǻû緹ɣȥС緹˻ȥ粻鲻Ըĸˣ˲˵㰡ʲôںǰ˵ֵɣүãҽסүһ¡ȻǴ󷿵ҲùܣҿųģίǲùܣҲ˲ˡ

ˣллˡмĵ

һЦ֮˵ЩʲôοҾǸĵӣֻţϿɱΪҶ¼ǺҡȻԺףǰǶϳҿɾͿ޶ûضˡ

ܽ
ף
̽⻰Ӻ˵𣿴үһֱҪңҶϻصʲôʱҪ׵˵ˣ

ղٰãĸ˽ͽϣӦǾ˵°ɣЦʲôҪңǲǽСں˵أĳˡңĸ׺ͺүҲܴӦ

ôܲأ
ȥң¸һҲûа
ң¸ҲǺүµѡҲһѺλ¸Ǻֻܿһġ
˼תǵĺ˾ôүˣ֪ʲôֶΣǴүտС㶼׽ġ

˾ȵ⻰ô˵ģͽϡ

ѾЦŴ˶˵ĻҾôһ˵˿ǧ䡣ˣ˱ˣЩүҺ˵һ

ô˵ˣ˹ȻʣֻǵȻ



˺ͷ۵Ľϣٰѧܽһ۹۱ǱǹģϷ˵ʲôܽʲôֻûûûϵֻǸ͡

ܽβϷ᲻óӷŭȫһߵĽˣϣѼ޽Ǻ˺ˣǱóе˵ΣΪĸףԸףԹһ仰ҲȰ

ĸ׽ѵǡ
俴ϴˣȻûȰܽ

̬ȣ̲ܽסۣһģŮľٴβܿƵı˳
ܽܲϲоҲ

Ϸ˲졣

ܽĸð׷˼ˣҲף˭ȰҲûá

ѾʮˣϷε

ܽԴʮǰұȥԭ£עҺͷԵĸѻ˵زұҲ˵ﻰⱲһҪҵģʱ⡣

㡪Ǻ̳ܽУõһҪңϷҲһܲˡ̬ܽȼ˼ּû˵ڣܵסؿڡ

ĸ̼ܽˣæһǰ

ҲȥϷˣææ˳Ŀڡ

Ϸ˿Žϣ˦ܽ㡭һҪңұٲĸ㡭β˵㲻ҵӣߣȥķԭ£ȥļңˣȥ

ĸܽΡ

ϼϷ˴״̬ԣƳٰ㣬һôæ󱳣̧ͷܽүϲʲôĹ

ϲʲôĹ
ûϲ
ܽô룬ǰģȴıӰ
һݣæûϲ

ϲʲôĹֻ˵ȢϱȻҪϲȴܽ˵껰Ļᣬֻǰû⣬Ȼȥĸ˵
˵ţܽʹ˸ɫ

ܽСڷԭµ׼ҵӶһСϰߵһֻ𣬵ʵֲɵôῴϵ˼潫ĸô˽һء
ҲǣֻҪ⣬ֺαض˵
˵һЩĸҲһЩ
ǣȡϷˣû˵طԭ£˵ǰԺˡ

Ŵ˳ȥϷֻоԼΣûɣȰ˴˵ҲʮˣδζЩȥһڣӾʹӦȥúˣ
Ȱķ
Ϸƫͷһμһϵ£˱顣

ϼûˣ˵һࡣ

ϷҪ˵ܽûõ𰸣Ҵ˽ĸոպͽ˵ʲôˣ

Ϸˣ޷ǲﳳ̫˵ܽܽȥˣ۰Ȼûŵĵ
˵Ȣ׵¡

ܳԾȢףܴӦ

Ϸ˿۽ϣ˵ȥ롣

Ѿ϶ܽӦ͵Ϸô˵ʱ۾ɵԲʲʲô

Ϸ˱ֵҲе㻳ˣողԼ֢ˣİɣ
нϣ˵Žǲ˵Ҫȥ룿

ոܽȷʵǴӦˡ
˽ϰûĵոմү˵Ҫȥ룬ϲʲôŮӣˣͬĸ˵

ԶԶԣϷͷһοϸ˳ۣ˵ͿˣĸסѣҶ֪ΪʲôÿȢ׾ͺܿܣĸ˵Ҳ֪ˣҲԼϲءȢ׸Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣǰһҲûʲôãȢԼϲģӲܹø˳

⻰ǻ˵Ȼš
˵Ϊصĸ㶼ûɡ
Ͻŵӣ䲻ǰ۸𣬵ԽϺĸŮҲ̸а˿øСȫǳĽͿϣϹȥˡϷһҲһοϸ˳ˣˣͰ¶˵ˡ
ĩ˵Ǳ̫û߶ˣǽ㣬˵䣬ҲöԷ˵ʲôãҾ֪Ȼ˽»ĸ˷𾭣ТģҶҪ̾ˡ

£Ϸ˱ͲԽϲˣǸõģһ֪ǴСû˽̣ͷҿøҸֲǣҲʮĴˣ۳žҪޣ»ûץˡ

û뵽Ϸ˵˾ԲĻܵرϷҲˬı̬
ϷˣƽصıպӦþЩί˰ɣֻǡܽողǻ֮ƣҪȢޣ϶첻




5.   5    ܽˣϲ̫

5
Ͼôһӵ»˰á

Ҳ˰á
ûԼסΪ֪ϻ϶Ҫ
ôˣϳüչæӭʵҸִϷ֪𣿡

û˽ݣʮû˵ϰߡֻĸŮĶͷ˽ҲҪĸϷϷ˵ĽϰˣպҲ˵˵˳졣

Գûĸ˵˺ŽˣЩϰߡ˵ˣҲû˵ʲôʵʵͷӦˡ

û£磬ͲĴ㲻¡£ΪŮſģְϷ˵̬Ҳ˵ˣպĸ㻤㣬ҲЩ

æʵҲûôҡ

ûأҶۿˣǴǰȻЩȴûܹί

һ˵ҲûٷˣֻܲͷĸһǸģµǰֹͬҽӴôҲң

ŰԲĻ˵˳ĩ˵ĸǸмңͶұǡûôүȢѽ
Ҫպ󿴳ϰöûУĺòᷴɰɣ
һ룬סˣֻŮǸСҲû۰ת˼ȦҲû뵽ˡ

Ҳû뵽Ϸ˺ȻΪܽ㣬൱ܽһ֮ڰˡ
ֻܽȢף
һ˵ûȣҲһԼ˵Ȣףǲܵ°
ĺѣӦˣʡ

ϵûϷ˲û˵¶ҡֻʱǻ˵ˣû´Ϸ˻ȥʴүϲʲôĹ
㽭ϾܽĳңֻҪ뵽һɫֲɮ£뵽ճһƮȻ״̬;ȥܽϲʲôĹֱˡ
ҿ϶ʲô𰸶ʲ̾

Ҳ뵽㣬뵽ǽûʳ𰸣Ϸ˺еķӦôںܽĳ̶ܻܿǨŭ
Ϊţ͵ƽģ˳
һעƽȴҲƽиӴˣʱܽϵƽȴ͵һ˫۾ź档
Ӧö࣬ǲܵõԺһЩĴ𰸣
ȻҲãܽһĴүϲŮӣиԺЩĴ𰸽нϲڱǨŭǸã
˵үڼǰɣʡ

ϵͷǣǰԺˡ

ֱһֻ¸д𰸣ôܶû⡣СƽɣֻҪʵԽĴ𰸣Ӧþ˰ɣ

Ӧаɣ
ϾǼĸĸ׽㶼¶Ҳ
ãЩҴȥƽйʡϵˣ𣺡óˣʲôµˣ

֪Ƕ֣ѾˡٵĵŪҵȹӣֻȥ

յ׽

ûϸ̥½ϵĶӡ

뵽̥æ˿
ǰ⺢ӵף⺢ӣҲ¶ļ޸ƽҡ⺢ӣŮһҪס
ٹգԽϢųȥˡϢųȥл˵Ҫ̥ÿȥӦƽЩҺŮˡ

еƣЩЪŰɡ
ĸŮù緹ۿƣź£˰á

С궼Сˣѧ綼Ѿѧƽûʲôγ̵ġȻ𲻹ǹػ黭ȲĺС㣬ŽûᣬϷ˺Ͷ˾Ҳû뵽Ҫʦÿ밲ʱ㶼ŵġ
ûȥ棬ʱ䶼ߡ
Ĵ㡣

ȴû뵽ûԷǰĴѾߴƣ˵ȥΪϽˣƽһԺЩĴ𰸣üˡ
룬ԲܾܾҰѶŻء

˵꣬ƾ͵ǸϷ˳ľŰɣСϷˣϷ˺һٿС˵ҲҪڳնҲϷ˳һء

áӦ¡
Ÿмƽδĵܻܵã⾭𳭵ĺ棬Ҳø˿

ǺС㣬סԷǵλûԺӵĴСԼ£ǺλСõġ⻹ǵһԷдţһ·ߵϷҲۻҲųȥ·ˡ

𣿡ûţѾˡ

ջһȥһ𣺡ң㡣

Ѿӭһȵ֣һȥһˣҶˡ

̫飬мܲסһʱΨгĬ

Ҳ⣬£ǽϲǴ߿ϵģֳķ𾭺ҲǺһٵĿ䡣

֪ΪʲôôáܲȻ

ǺС㣬Ϸ˷߽˶ʮ꣬Ҫ޵ɹĵط̵ģ˲껹ǼʶǰţĲȻܿͷˡ
һ䣬ͻȻƬ̣ŵãûŵɣ

ЩûӦûûС

Ц£ĸӦи˵ɣĸ˽˵£ĸ˵Ļ˽˿ڡãǰҸԶţҲϲ㣬ǡȥ磬ôĸͽʵ˭û˼׽Ϊҵ˼ȫڽˡǰңҪԵܵܺãҪúչ˵ܵܣǽôСͱȥ˷ԭ£ûڴˣһҪңĸǡ˵ӶܡãȻϴӲ˵һֱĺܣԽرлĸףģƾĸ˵ұİĸ׿Ҳ㣬һĸͬÿ˵ĵѹ£˵ᶼˡ

ţҲ̲סۿ
Ȼŵ̫أڴҲ̫󣬵˲˵ЩȰοûеĴ㣬үȥԭµʱҲСָողû㶼űչ˵Сأү¶ֲġڡڸֲ㣬үҪңΪڷԭ´̫ÿ̫࣬ѾĿȾˣı뷨ѣѾĹˣ֪Ҳֻ㣬ġ

ˡ
û뵽˵ǷİοЩȷʵѹܴҲȷʵԴû˺ЩϰԼĬĬˡζû뵽˾Ȼô룬Ȼмģ۵ûССѾŬ
ážžવţȴʲôҲ˵ˡ
ȴﰵģպ𣬾ˡ۸ǵһͬͬУ

ԥţס֡

ֽסſֱ˺һͨᡣ
ֱֱ۷Ҫܲסˣֹ̧ͷ

ͻȻСѾͷС㣬үǰƽˡ

ƽ
۾һæ⡣

Ҳٲ˲۽ǣһ˵ǸĶãƽǽǰСˣҵȥϴһ档

áͷ뵽ҲһûƽĴûᣬֵ㣬ȥ£ȻҰѾȻȥͷ档

˵Ļû˵أҲһʱЦãȻȥпһ档

Ϸһ۾ͿվԺӽƽ

ƽڤڤиоڿ̧ͷҲ

ȻƽǿԽլģϾǴСסź˶أ߲ûˡ˵СԷһֱһˣ˿첽ƽĵºƽ˵ᱻȥ

ۿƽ۾գߵǰûϢ
С㡣ˡ

ԺӣȥϴܽӣӦúܿͻԺ˶࣬Ǻƽ˵̫õĻȥáţ𿪿ڱֱ⣺ƽ㣬֪үϲʲôŮ𣿡

ƽˣô벻⡣ԼҴү˵Сл˵ȷˣС϶Ǳױܾˣ
үܾˣܱܲѴүɣ
ֻͷ˵Ļߣͤͤվǰһ˫ÿڴƽְѻ˻ȥ
үѾС㣬ôһأ̫ˡ
ƽɿתӣڽ˱Ƚϲ̲˵Ĵ𰸣ǴүϲôƯġԣǲôƯġ

ôƯģ𼸺ΪԼˡ

۵׵ĲţƽصͷٴǿԣүϲôƯģǸϲ֪ƯѾߴŵӸүףүһûᣬǲϲƯġСĹ۲죬үϲЩġ
ô˵СӦòѹ˰ɣ
㲻ãôƯϲء
ֻǼҴүϲ⣬ϲƯĶѡ

󼸺Ʈ߳Էȵ˰ð⻰߽Ϻ󣬽ϺĸоһǵĶ⣬Ǿܽˣϲ̫ˣ




6.   6    ۣǰҲ

6
ƽʲôҪҪôÿܽҪϰԹػ˵һ˵ܽڷԭµ¶ѡʵһܽ˽˵ŷ¶ģոսһʣƯŮܾʵ̫ˣһͲٸ鷳ˡ
˵ģ޷ǻܽڷԭµĿӡ

Ҳûбڴ˱Ҫƽȥģһ뵽˵ģܽҪȥúϲʲôŮӵĻɾ͸ͬ⡣
ƽ֪ϲʲôŮ𣿡

ƽŵһЩҪˤˡ
ôһģⰡ
ȴҲģֻ𱻾ܾѾ֪ˣ֪ɾͲСˡæС㣬ôⰡүһҪҵôᡭϲŮӣ
Խ˵ԽС̽ˡ

ȴû룬ֻΪʶԼ˵ˣϾһϲǰ˵ܽҪҵ¡ˣûиƽƽϣ뵽ϵĻЦЦΪĸҪȢף˵ȥúϲʲôŮӣ뵽˾ĸ

ү˵Ļ
ƽýһܵľţǰʮĶࡣ
ϸ룬Ҳʵ벻ԼҴүϲʲôŮӣ۲죬Ҵүô꣬Ψһܶ˵仰ģ˸Ϸ˺ʹС⣬ҲǷԭɽǶͲ˵ϷеĸԼԼСˣȻǾܾĻ
Ҵүܲϲɽµϸ͵Ĺɣ

ƽϵı̫ḻˣ뵽ʲôæĵƽǲ뵽ʲô뵽ʲôͿ˵˵

ôţƽֻӲͷƤϲʹЩģ

ʹЩģ
ĪǽԼչ̫࣬ϲһЩŮӣ
ҸģҲǲС
ͷʣأ

У
ɽϸ˵Ĵ;ֹƽЩҪ̫֦չȻֱֱ˵ҪŤŤ󡣡

ϲЩģ
еϾСڷԭ³ӦòϲЩͷУ̫Ůӡ
ֱֱ˵
ҲеϾСĻ򵥣ǲϲ˼ҲϲŸҪʮȥġ
Ѿ֪ԼҵܵϲʲôŮˣӦֶׯĴС㣬ƽϲ򵥴󷽵Ĵ硣ֱֱ˵ôҪôǼжŮҪôܳŮֻǧ谮ģŻֱֱ˵
ǳأ֪ϲʲôŮľЩģЩģֻЩģʡ

ƽҲܽһڷԭʮģûǿųҵģݺͻƣҲûôЩŮӰ뵽ոոĻشӦòϲ̫Ưģ
ҪȻܾС㡣
ȻСݲ̫ʣϾãүҪϲȢȴԡ

ϲ̫Ưġ
ͷҲ⡣
ͽκϣһһƯ˶ĳԼˣ˲ϲ̫ƯģҲ
Ծ֪ˣõƽһѽӣƽ˵ԷóֽʣʼĥʶЩСˡ



ƽ˻ˣΪ˹ȥһܵõǮ
̵һѽȥҲڸµֳһӺ󣬽ʣµɰһװĥŽȥһٺأǸֵһȥԺĺá
ЩԹүģŴүʮ˻涼ûҪ֪ЩĺֵǣʮĺӶˣشүԸɿˣǲϷ˺ܸܿҵϱˣǴүףȻȥԭˣҲܳˣˣǻǲȥҲȥˣȫͷܶЩҲý˵Ưϱ
ʹүһϲƯģ
ƽ̺СϷһȥͿԼҴү޺ϴǸĶʲô¶ȤģֱҪƭȥôүû˵ʲôúϲʲôŮӵĻˡ
үȥܽļ

ܽûۣüȴ£

ƽֲҲϴܽ档
İɣ

ܽȻûۣڴ

ѽҪȢϱˣʲôѽ
ƽֱֽܽӡƵܽõۣŴȥ¶˴ЦСĸմӴСǻ

Ȼأ
ܽӿġ

ƽЦȻŵССģϲʲôŮӡСİԼµģѾ˵ˣ֪Сô˵𣿡

֪ܽƽ˵ˣ˵꣬ܳһϡ
Ŷദоˣܽûֻ֨˵

ȻƽЦżСĥţЩϷ˺ʹС㣬˵໰ģҲǸԭͲ˵ԴˣСĲ£ϲʹЩأҲصġүС˵ĶԲԣŶղڴСԺСĻС㣬СҲС⡣үС˵ǲСĿ̫ˣ͸˵ǲϲ̫Ưġү֪һСû˵ԣʵСľЩ֣СôƯôͲϲأСľϲƯģֻϧСݲҪ
ƽ˵̫˷ܣ˵ˣע⵽ܽǰδе¶ŭ⡣ʮЩõϣ˿ȴǱ꼴ٰˮŲ˵Ҳţ޺

ܽȷʵ
ƽǸڷԭʮģʼռǵһҪҵģƾƽĺҲ²⣬ڮٺС㣬ǲҪƽҲɾͷŹ
ŭһĬģðס

ƽѾڵϺһˣֱڻ̧ͷҲڶš

ƽ֪

ܽڣƽһı䣬֪Լ״ˣȻæͷأ֪֪С֪

Ķܽʡ

ƽĬһ˲뵽Ҫ˵ͷʹܽȥ췣ʮ󣬹ʱ

ƽˣǷԭ¶Էӵĳͷ
үæ̧ͷүġ

ܽȴ˵Ļᣬֻ귣㻹֪ͲҪٻˡ

⻰ƽٲˣֻĺڵȥ췣ˡ

¹ƽܽٴδɱ۾һȴʼ޷ˡ۾ãһϣ뵽ƽĻ
С˵ǲ
СôƯôͲϲأ
СľϲƯģֻϧСݲҪ
Ҫʲô
һ뵽Щʱܽ͵ۣرۣǰҲıӰ㣬òֱۡ



Ͷӱĥһ첻ͬƽæһĲ£ǻЩظģΪһգܻȥЪЪúñȢĽ׽׽ˡ
ȴû뵽һͱˡ

Ƕ˸ǰź֣˵ҪôЩ˰ŹܼңƽимҲֻȸˡ

Ϊ˱ӣǰԺİƽ

ƽżһžʹɤŵʿˣң

˴˼ǳϵױӣںŨܵͷֻ֧ŶҲʮˣֲرãؾĴ磬ûĸоǸͣȥ˼Ƶá

ƽ˸мҲ˼ǸΡ
Щ꣬ʵǷˡ
ڣȻϽţһУڹܼҺ罻ҲҪ̫࣬üǷŷϲС
뵽Щӵ
ǳӲſЩףҽϱͽһܣﻹҪ෽ϣ

ƽŶ̶ʱ飬˾Щ֣㲻ʣүôˣ

ƽҡͷһߵϣû£˵ɣʲô£

˵ֻ˵Լԭ򣺡үʵ¶˵ϾѼҽҹܣǺҿųģǲ˵

йأƽ϶ˡ

˵ͷ֣̾ȥˣ˵òᣬֻʱҩ̡ܲ

ȻǳŮκϲˣֱϷߣ˰ƽڷߣʱʱܼҲ׽硣˿˵ˣ˵òǿŴȸĳʱ۶ŭ
ô£ô֣ĪǸִһʱ뵽ΪôЩ꣬Ψһ״ģҲֻˡ

ǰܵãôæ˵

˭ƽˡ
⸮ﻹ˭ҺˣƽûܵӢ룬ǸƻӵģӶãǲµġҲƽ벻˭ˡ

˵Ȱƽ˻ŵǡС㡣

С㲻㡭
ŶǣСѾˡ
ƽЩš

ǡ˵ͷұţͷ˰õˣ֪ȷʵƬֵ̣ӦǲСİɣɩǸõģŮȻҲҹӦÿǴСŮӣӻһЩ¿е³çˣԲŲС

ƽͷܾˣ֪ˣȥҲһʽϡ
ƽ˵ţٿڣתˡ




7.   7    ɹˣ

7
˺ͷﶼΪƽȥ磬˶ʧˣƽȥȴԷֻվԺſʱֹ˲ת˰ˡ

ְϢ߶˵ʱ򣬶̾˿ǰŮˣ۵Ů

ķӦͼҶˡ
һƷһΪƽ׼ĺòˡ

ƽɲ֪Щȥ𣬿û˵ġΪ֪ӣôЩ꣬ǶûԹؿĴγ˿Ҳתͷ״ġؾˣ˵øء
ȻⲢ˵Ѿƫ׹ŮԵһʱҲ⡣ȢϵʱŵĸŮһỤǾίϽһ£Ǵʱĳŵͳ裬ǽҪڼ޸ˣ

үˡ

ðƽǣߵԺ룬ϾЦӯӯӭ˳
ݶƽס˽ϵ֡

ǣţϷѾ˼ҳѣų氲ƽ¡Դʪšɣڰƽ
Щ¶ǰϲδԷĵҲǶˣſźڣ类ĥĹ˲Щÿ˶飬ľ׬ЩǮãýŮôˡ
˽ǽ˺ѧЩʼ޴ææңѾˡ

Щ¶ƽ߷ÿһúܺãհƽʲôսźҲֻΪæµûͰˡգ˸ص˸ίǽȴֲֻȻ㾡źƽﲻ֪ǸΡ
ݶץסϵ֣㲻

ţϲĿ

ƽһûŮ˵͹ͷˣǸΣҲ˵κεǸĻֻŽߣȥ


úõģһôҪ
в죬ƽʵʱ䣬ѾԺ

˻˵ƽͽһ˵ʱҽСҩһˤƲ̫أȴͰĻݴľ˺üˣƤϸף˵þԽԡ

Сҩʱ򣬿Ƥϸ׶ԵЩĿĵˣˣһƽͽһˣæ͵С㣬үˣȻġ˳ˣͽз˿һۣҲýкүɸɣ

ƽ⣬ðƽΪģĵЩðƽǲΪ˵ġ
һٻѣһС֪˵ģ

Сһ˵ˡ
ΪҲǲܣģСǰȴóġ

Сģ֪ˣ˶٣ֵСٸ˵һΣûҵ͸¶ֳȥǲԸԸ⣬߶ˡ

Сһ

ȴٿ£תҴҳȥˡ
߰ƽͽѾãȽ˽ϣϥƽ񣬹ү

ƽòᣬҲϲ˵𣬽ɽ϶Ǹûĺӣ޷Ϊϲϣǽϼ޸ΪȢֻܴӦˡһһֱǽүҲúǴʱ˿̣ŽµίȴͻȻ⡣
˺ҲС㣬պٽʲôүˣһҲҵǡƽ֣㿴ǽãֱӽ𣿡һ䣬ʽϵġ

ƽͻȻһҲˡ
ڰƽ飬ĸŮҲһ˼Ը⡣
ǹҲ֪ǽϾܾǱȻӰͰƽĸ顣ܾǶలƽʶ̧٣ֻҪ˵˵û¶Ӧþܹȥˡ
˲ϿڣҲʲôûü˵ͨһ͹ˡ

ƽΪҪлһ־ҪЦ

ȴ𲻸ң

ң
кβҵģ
ƽûӦǲԸϾŮǺܶ붼¡Ц֣̿¶˵㣬㺰ͺҾ£˭Ҳ

Ĭһ˲̧ͷϣ

֪ŮĪĸµʱ򣬽Ͼ֪˼ˡŮƽϣһ˶ˡŮⶼΪ˲ɬ̸ϣ

֪˼ˣһɣͷˡ

𣡡ٽһͬʱ΢΢θ

Ȼ޶ԡ

ƽɵҲ֪ǲңǲԸˡ
ðƽȻԸ
סģȻԸһ
ֱ֪ν

үһƽҲҪŹ£С£......

ƽȻǻڣһסֱۣȴûʱǰºʹǸˣݶ㲻ˡŮ˲ʶ̧٣ϣҲĸ

ʶ̧
ŮΪӲҪ޶òΪԸ˶ȴŵӾܾΪԸ׵ȥ³ͷͺһΪ⡭⾹ǲʶ̧ΪۣϵᶼҪˡ

ڰƽⷬȴΪж̬ȡ
һ뵽⣬Ҳ߸ϵĿŹڵµ𣬵˵˳ͻǺӽݣ

ûС

ûУ㲻ùˡ
ߡƽԽϵ

ߵſڣүȻأٸ˵仰

ƽͷһۣ˶ٲŵš

Ͽ첽תأҪæǰϥǣʱﶼ˿ǻɹˣ

ЦôţôһС

ɾôһСҲĵһΰ
ŮЦģҲ̲ס᣺ǲˣﲻӦü޽ӦðҲ

ĸŮѡġ
޽򼱲ȥǷһծĸֲԸٽӾ࿴ټޣƫƫַСʵû취ôˣһίȴǱһֱŵĵȴƽҪί
ܵЩѹ붼ġ
ûƽǰӵĵطոջҪŮҲʶ̧ˣѾܺˡȻԸĿڽе԰ƽȴʵʵĸмΪýϸ˵㣬ڳԵúôúûѾźպҲܼ޵øãҸ˵úܡ

ǣõһ룬ڵӱȵùˡ
ûծծû߰Ī˶ĸŮѣڷĺҲᰲȳͳЩƽ͸øм
ϸϸᣬãһúøһź£

Цŵͷߵȥɡ

Ǹûȥˡ
ƽǱߣҪСĺء

ˣС߳Ϳ䣬ĿǰնСͷһˣСģûѾߵҸء




8.   8    ǿһۣˡ

8
ǰƽһյա
źأһճǲȥٰ밲ģŰƽ壬һյ緹ҪŴһһãҲˡأȴһٰãϷá

ǰһ˰ƽ죬ĽϱǨŭø硣
ϴȴûֱӹȥǹȥԷ

Ҳʰˣ𵽵ʱҪš
ã˵Ľ첽ӭҵ𣿡

ЦŵͷȴЩ˼
ûԭȴԼһȥ̫磬˰ƽϲ

ɲ֪˼ֻ֣ҪڼңÿŵľǵˡߣһȥǰԺ緹ȥ

ܽ
ҲãϲʲôĲ¿ܻϣ۲۲˵ԷʲôӶһЩʾһ𣬸Ҳ˵ʲô



ܽڷԭʮѾîʱϰߣ𴲼ϴǰʱĴٰʱղڷԭ»ں߶ƽţ깦ˮԡиɾѻϴƽ˷Ӵ͸źˡ
ЩֻܽƽںԺƽҲûźˡƽڣȥˮϴ˸ˮ⣬ɽҴңûϴɮ¡
ܹܲš
֮£ֻó˺үŻᴩļҳѡ
ڷԭ¶꣬ÿմĶǼɮ£ԸЩĹٻӵܲŻᴩļҳѣҪʱȴÿÿƽ͡ҪԶ֣ĳɹֻϣ⼸ƽôôŤ

⴦ԺûźͨߵϷſڵʱ򣬿ľܽüͷ۲Լôô˳һ㡣

ֱЦ˭㴩ѽ
˵󲽽ݣǰܽ䣬ˣˣ㡣һҪܽ£һܽѰѵĸˣƽأ͵ȥ˰ɣҲԶҲٽ˹ź㰡㴩⡭
δ˵꣬Ϊܽ½ںһ󲽡

ʵҲܽģЦؼ򵥵ɮ£էȻѰѱͲϰߣƫˣŤŤϣһԼ˳۵ıŤ̲סЦ
ܽǰΣЦˣ
ЦΪԼڳܽ˼нææڣ㣬ȥһȡ

ûǰʵܽûֻŲϰԼĴţϰ̫׽һڣ̫Ϥƫƫһϳˡ
ʶ̧ͷȥͿ۵вزסЦ⡣
ĪһֻϷææܾãԼԡ

ʲôѽ㴩Ķʲô
ô룬ȴЦݸΪֽԽһĵܵܣѵõ˱仯
Ѿȥˣ㲻غߡ仯ԹΪˡ

ܽûн͡
ֻĬӷѹס˲е̬ٴξܾʱͺƽˣá

ҿ׽㣡ˣѣ׽ܣ

ܽ˰벽ûڣ˼ȴԡ

վſڣû￴ֻ԰θ㣬ҽдȥƽɣ

һáֻûڣȴܽѾˣ

ɵĿܽ
ΪܽͻȻƺ˿ţ
˰ɣ

ܽƽΪʲôܷˣƽܷǰ˵Ƿħһ㣬Ҳٴ𡣶ϴҴһۿʪ͸ıӰոյĿڣֻҪߵſڣ̾ٴοһ
ֻʲôƫƫЩ߹ȥٿһۡ
ħ
ǿһۣħ
ܽ붼û룬ϵ㣬һطԭˣҸĸ˵һ
䲻ڣʹôһŤŤļҳѣһƵ̧˳ȥת۾߳ԺţٲӰˡ

ûӦ
һֱ˽鶼ߵ˰ſˣź֪ã˵Ǳܵİɣ

ܵģ
ʼܽһ⣬˳źûٿˣŲ֪ʲô飬ֻͨΪ²⣺ΪᴩѰѶò˼

Цˣ϶ǣôˣȴײѶã϶ǲ˼ˣãҸոպ񿴼ˣô꣬ҵһο죡ãѰѣ֪ôǰùĸٳŻᴩģȻԼˣ̲ס룺ã˵òϲˣԲİɣ

ܽ
ϸ룬ˣܽһϲûʲô顣

شѾϲ̵Ӧòǣסڷԭ£ûӴŮӡûϵлعľͺã᳹׻ģ

ͷҲôá
ҲôţΪмƽҲΪϲϣƽܺˣ³ɡ



һҹȥƽѾϰĳ׺ˣһͿЦеĴŮվԱߣҲûҹĲ
һʲôЦʡ

ãΪֿԺ͵һ÷˰

ѽͻңôûˣƽùЦ˵ɣʲôϲ¶

Һȥнȴֽ˼ҳѣΪ˱Һÿߵˣûߺˣ

д£ƽˡ

صͷָȻá

ƽ

æǣ١Ǵ˼ҳѡ

ܽһֱϻ̳֮λƽȵסʵҲżϾ£ӣһӲ˵ƫ˽šΨһǵӵܽ治Ը̳кˣѲҪѺ
ƾʲô
λȻϮģƽнյλȴġԼӶȥֲֶɵӣ
ã㲻ƽܽүˣЦǺǵúúãˣ֪ȥĶˣ

طԭˡȱ𼱣ĸ˵ҪȢףĸװæȰˣӦȥúϲʲôĹѾ֪ϲʲôĹˣĸˣǰϲңҺ˾ͿȢˣϱţȻٲԸķԭˣ

ԣϱ˭Ը֮ǰӰ
ƽҹĿԴ˸ܼãϲңֻҪϲʲôĶУǼҲ׵ֻҪԸȢũҹҲӦ

ʲôũҹﲻũҹģ˭ҪȢѽƽ䣬һЦ˵һһ˫Ů˽ү˵ʲôأôˡֻ˺ػ

ƽ˵أ

ܽҪȢˣ
һ⣬ȴЦøˣ棿ӴӴǷ汣ӣүԸȢףүܳװˣ

ǰ
ƽϣЦŵͷͿվڷ磬ͷһίͰ͵ģ˵ĻҪȥأ䱦ųһΣùҪһˣͷȢףǼС¾͵̡ҽ䱦ƹµζúٶѣǰĴøȥߣҲЩ̫̫ǶǺиƯСûأ

κѣûĸŮӲģƽһſھͶô࣬ʱίˣãҪΣ

۰ŮƽЦǺӦ㣬ϲȥ

˵ļҪлл

нĺڣȴҪøȥߣǴͿϰɣ
ЦŵĽϣƫͷƽҲûأҲøβС

ƽ𣬵У㡢еӢȫС

֣ЦҺһлл




9.   9    պˣ˭ޡ

9
ܽڷԭſͣ½Ųʱͷһҵʱ
Ѿۣһ£кɫ죬۵µǱ

ܽ׼ҵûзţԭ£һֱֱġŵСɳֿˣæӭʵܽʦ֣ôˣ

ܽڰʾû¡
ʱԲһ·ߣ仹öţȴɵҪŻ㣬˵ˡ
صסڷԭµϲյһԶ͹һأǻ㣬˼ֻ

ܽˡԭ¸ɮΪʦһ˵Żһ˽ܽģüͷ΢΢壬ôˣ

ܽѾĽһʦ塱Żش𣺡ӽǴӺлġ

Ϊʦ΢תͷɫʣ㳽ʱģ

ǡܽͷ

һ̲ͣ˿ʱ
ΪʦоȼˣȴȻƽֻһ˫۾һܽ񿴽ĵףʲô£ҡ

ƶܽϵĻᶼûС
ΣܽҲʵʵ˵
˶Ƭ̣ҪȢס

Ϊʦ۾һУŭôԥˣ

ǲԥң
ֻܽܳϣĸѸߣӲ

ȥȢףΪʦŭҾ˵ˣ׼ҵӣʮɻָүݣȥü̳оλ̳оλȢȢӡ
ƫڿ˵ûȣҲһԼǷԭŵӣڿ˵һֻз˼½⣬ȡ
أ
ڣҪȢףԥˣ


ܽͷ
ȻûԥħħǱȹԥµ顣
һ·ŲҴңû벻ġ
˷ԭºҲƽǹȥտǸҲΪˡ
Ϊʦѵͣˣ̵ʦѵǣǵӷĲᣬԲűӳҵѾӴչڣɽҲټκˣʦæš

˻棿Ϊʦ۵Żɡ

ܽļᶨ棡

ΪʦȻʮ͸ɽٻˣʦ䲻У¶ҼҲҲã



Ϸ˿ɲ֪ܽĴ㣬˵Ѿ֪ܽϲʲôŮˣϷͶˣһ繦򣬰Ѿм൱Ůһ顣
ֱ緹׼ˣϷ˲ƣ۵Ĵ˴򣬵˺ˣôЩѡˣһᰤӴһеĹã˼ҪнԼȥ

ţͷôһϲİɣҲҪ˵ˣֻҪԸȢϲũҹҲȢԽ£ĸĲõģ

Ϸ˺ǺЦҲżˡ
ũҹ
Ȣ˽ˣ˽ֻҪԸȢԸʵʵڼٲ˵ʲôҪҵĻȢʲôģܽܡ

ĸף¶ǲҲôɩȻʱ仹̣ǽĸסЦһ䡣

֪ûŽʣϷ˸ոնˣһᣬ̾͵ͷţͷлᣬҴһ𡣡
ţӦֲʲôЦ

˵ͷС

Ϸ˵ʱˣһڰɣٻȥ

Ҳˣõˡҡͷ˵䱦ͽ巻ƹ극ӦþҪȥκˡ

ȥ
ôȥϷɻ
ǵճǳŮѣ˶Ҫġ

ܽдʯ˵أõƽβһμñȽҪ˵ֳһ꣬Ƚ¶ˣǼ±Ҳˣ˵ˣǸĸ׻жȥء

ǣ¸ͺһͷһβҲʮˡʮģӢʮŶƺҲʮˡ
ЩŽû漸Ҳûģû뵽һҲСˣȽ¶ˣҲȷץˡ
ˣҲá
Ϸ˵ҪҪǾڶףҲҪһܳޣ㲻һڼҿûʱˡԺеǻˣɾûٻˡԾȥҲϲĶøǡ

ĸãǰסϷ˵ֱۣ뵽úҪޣᶼҪˣˣҲĸŮԺҪǸѣĸɵôȥһҪջҪһݵģ

Ϸ˱ֱЦĶͷѽ˵ջ˭Ů˼ޣҾͻҵģ˻ܸʱһһٸҲҲһͻȻȢףϱú׽׽պзʲôѵģнϱȥ

֪Ϸ˵Ц㸽͵ۣҿɵúúðˡģðǮ͸һ

ѽϷҪ

æ㿪һЦţһһƵ˳ȥ

һֱŴȰЦԶˣЦݲЩĸ׷İɣǺֻǲ˵ءһĸͬЩִã˼ңȻġ

Ϸ˵ͷҲˡ
ɴҲȥ԰ɣ˳㶣ӢһᶼúǵϵˡϷ˵ǺżҲʲôرõģǹǿˣƷѧѡ͸ˡ

Ҳôġ
ǣҶĸ׵ġ



ʵȥʲôѣȻֻһ£ϷЩǰЩӰҲЩѣﶬһװ˼أﶬһѣһζûء
ƽˣҪ͵ýͣ˿ܾͻһøʶ̧ٵۡҪҪǣƽǨŭ
ҪǣΪܡ
ˣԸŽǷ˰ƽĶ飬ⱲӦǻ˵ģˣʭӶ˲ծǷŰɣ
סѡҪקһǰѡʱȴȡ

ѽû£Ȼһѡһ

ǰˤ˴ſѾԹޡ˿𣬱ڴһԹˡ
㣬ǲǾöǵĵǺүһжҲһм̳Ȩģûδζֵ㣬ĶŮɱǲ֪ʲôطðİèʸˣ

ãʱ
ʲôõͬʱҲͶõĹϵˣֻԼҲˣ⻹䱦ͽ巻ڣⲻǽ˿Ц

繣ŲӶϣô˵ĲѵΪȶʸɱˣ򣬶ȴܣ

ãûµģλôأҴһϲġܵĿȰͣ仹޵ĵͷʾ˺á

һֱվڽĬӢȴŭǰ˵˻㣬ѡɡҪǲѡҾѡˣҲܵġ

ӢĻϵŭʱתΪЦһѱסӢֱۣԣãǲ

ӢͷȴӵĿ㣬ٲˣ

俴磬̶ְѱӢϣã׵ĻǸ˸ͷģŶնûô⡣
֪
ûֻǰһһõļȫдˣͷݣһݸܵһݸȻһҲûͣߡ
ֱ߽Է̲סŭ˵𣺡ʲô

֪ΪųһӻģЩ˼ýҲֻ֪ܵǸ㣬Բ𡣡

ԽֻҪ˵ȴͻƽ˵ĻŽϵͲѽϿ˵Ŷȥ߶ЩͷŭһЪˣ϶ûվȽأҸа壬뵱Ȼˣûݡ
ˣǸˡÿȥҲ죬ɢˣǱһСû˵ķݣ˾ֻˣڸʱһ㡣ҳˣӦþͳڸˣʱ㡣
˻ֵȻǵģҲֻպˣ˭޵ı˭ءģҳˣҰúÿѰǿķ

û뵽˺á
ǰ㲻۸ģ⻰һ˵۾ȴ̲סЩˡΪԴȥϳΨһһһůˡ
㣬лл㡣֣ص




10.   10    ǰ˵硭

10
صһ·ŵܵһɣж˾ߵסϷſʱͣţƫͷ벽ӢãҺĸлҪ˵Ȼݰɡ
䲻Ӣش𣬱̧ŽϷ

ӢһáѾߣ״ֻʻȥ

ֻûܾô˳ߵΪܵĴѾߴѾһֱܵշֵϻӣһֳĴ㣬СϻӸңСҪ

⿴Ȼǿϰߣٻϻֻʣ֮һˡ㱧ϻ᲻øȰ㳯Ӣ

ҲźڵӣôС㲻Ը𣿡

ӢûشֻԴɡ

˺һȴϻӱøˡ
СæСôΣ͡ͲٿС˰ɣ

Ц£ӢСǲֱ˵ˣαŪôѿ
˵תҪߣӢȴѸٴӴ㻳ϻӣ͵
ǡһЦϻӽϷ

С㣡ֱӱˣС㣬ôˣӣø߷˳Ŷԣ

̫Ӣæ죬һ·˳ȥ

û˴ˣ޵СŴô۸ѾһˣСͬ䣬Ҳ˸żµʱٲ˵˸ԺôѽοСѾ׵ôΣģ̫𣿡

ǹݡ

ѵҸܵа
㣬ĸܸ𣿡ӢͻȻ˷ţ༰⡣

²ŵܸɰô꣬˴ľظ¾ûвġС㣬ͻȻʲô

Ӣĸôܸɣ᲻֪𣿡

ᣡ
˹ܼҶ꣬⸮ʲô¶
ɷ˼Ȼ֪ΪʲôܰӢ˵ѾȫˣΪжСһСݣҲΪзš
޶޲ˣС㣬ôѽ

Ӣ̧ͷǰ˵ģѾʮˣֻҪҹԹԵĲĸײϲøһݻ㿴ùȥԵ޳ȥͺˡ

ͷǡūЩҴǸ



һߣܵѾŶ˵ֱۣԸһһΰ˰ӡڶǰָӣָЩθ˵ֲͣ󷴵ռ˱ˣһηһ껹ĺΣǶ챦ʯĽ˵ϲֿʽֻ֧Ƕ̱ʯģȥˣҾҵĸÿǲԶϸ壬ָмãҴ˸ְףԲԣлУٿ⡭

˴ܵЩȻطòã

ܵϵ˷ܾЩϸ˿˵ɫĵôˣﲻҪҪҽ˸򣿡

ŮТ˳ģͷķԻҡҡͷ˸Цû£Ъһͺˡ

ô˵ˣܵ͵ͷˣָֻһεεҶϲܲٷֵӢ

ЩκѾˣһֵô࣬ӢľͶѧСĶ

ôô˵ңܵˡ

˵㣬̬Ȼᶨĸ˵ˣȢףǼСҲˡӢͱСһ꣬ҪţҲӴѲȴζûУ˵˻ô

˵ĸȣŮ
ô˵ͬҲ˵ңֻҲòȥ뵽ֻ֪ܵܵˣҲٷָˡ

˵ͷָ˸ܵĳҪ˵ʲôû˵ʰˣŵԣպպﶨᲹġ



ŰƽҪţһֱյ緹ʱ䣬кͽ϶˵ĻᣬǶ⣬ĸŮԶǼ򵥵һϽһһн

˿ڣĺóԡҲЩ˵̥õġ

ʶӣӦ
˹룬ʣ˵εʱΪˣ

̸ΪѣǲԽѡΰˡ˵ЦȻ˵һҲ˵ңõõҲһҰɣ

ҲЦ˵ˡû뵽ô㡣

Ҳû뵽̫ˣ˰ƽмƽϲˡ괺ҪˣĿһһѡӾʡ

ðҪȱʲô͸˵˺ãǺС㣬Ϻܸ׽

ͷ˵⣺ү˵õ˸࿴ͣҡұһء

һ̶Щ̿ôҲżˣ

ǹңٺãֻҪ˾뿪ƽܲϵۣ˵ˣЩ˼΢΢죬СҲҲ

ǰŮɾʮˡ
Ҫ࿴ٶף׺󻹵һꡣǲץֻʮ궼δܼ޵ˡ
ϵĸѾ˽¸˵ˣ࿴Ҫţߺ͵ģҶߡ𣬵ʱҲøңȻ㲻ܼ޵Щ൱˼̣Щ˼ҵĶԶЩףӵܳϢҲõģǿԿ

ɾͲǶʱ࿴õˣҪܳʱ䣬һֱۡ
̧ͷ۽ϣȻʹͷĬ

⸱ģ̲˲Ծæʵô㲻Ը⣿



Щˣ㲻ǿ˼Ұɣ˵ЩŴ󻧲һĺãǡ

ǵġûпϡ

ôˣ


ֱܲסѹ㣬̧ͷ硭ǰ˵ͦõô


뵽ֶϵóϣǰҲǿõġ꣬ģӺƣ䲻ǶϣȴУǰǷԸ⣬ɩ𣬵ڡ

ţͻȻ˻ػ
ˣɩӽ̫̫ˡ

˵ܲ٣ܲٵ
ĸŮѾú緹ϷԸ˽ȥ߸ʰãǱ߽̫̫Ͼһ˫Ůˡ




11.   11    תͷ򽭻

11
ϲǿģһ˫Ů̧ӣǼӴϱ߶½ģ仹ЩᣬԸȴɡСԼЩʣµķҲãҲգСԼᡣ

лɩˡֶֶŮͺ˵棬ϱҲӡ

ĸɰãԽվĽ
귽ʮĽòװֵϣ߸ݣüĿʣһ尵Ƶֱ֣һĶŵ

ϲ˷òϣǽֶҲȻǸꡣ
Ů˼ʵ
áϴȰЦƺֳЩ

Ӧ𣬲žСｭξ˽ϸǰĸĸҲأ

õϣװֵģСҲɰϺֶֶŮεͷֳԼ˱ȣþ̾أνҲˡ

һѱסϵֱۣЦΪҶкúóԷԲܳߣ˵žͰ䵽ϣüûߣˣ


նϲδڽнһѣȥͷŮƺЩ
ϲһʹ
ûˣĸŮǷһծֹøⲻ˳ʱ¸ҵĹȥڵ˰ƽʳˣȴˡ
ΪίΪöԲ

ĸ硣ЦǰˣŻؽεĻν֪Ϊʲô𣿡

ҡͷ
²ѵǺԵĲҼҺã

ǣЦΪǴˣѾùˣٳԺܶ࣬ͻ᳤֣ǾͲÿˡ

Ŷεͷһ

ЦѾͷô˵𣿡

ζ㵽󣬺ٺЦ

ϱ˵Ҳݣ

ݣݣγŽϵ䣬ҿˣ˵Ҿ͸ĸһÿ

ĸŮ죬һ˶ЦˣҲûסչСֶŮԴ

һ˵£˲󣬲ȽϿڣϾ͵Сãǹɩ˵ȥɡ˵Щҳ̣Сδͷ

ϵͷԸ컳νȥƫЩĺ͹ӣЪͷôˣȥ͵Ժȥ
ֻʣˣϲʣɩʲô𣿡

Ѿ޵Ľﳹ״һ飬ˣػûʲô£ν߶˵ˣԻźûǣýû£Ҿʹһˡ

ԭ
ֻͷûижǱɫϵڶˡ

ϵ˻ûпڵ˼ֻ̾Сãǻ𣿡

Ȼǹֵġ
ûкޣԹȴС
ӵüȥﵱǷһծŮ춼ܺãǷĶ࣬ȴ϶ܻϵġֻŰɥʱʵڽ費ǮĸŮѷݵˣ֮޴ȥ˽ҡ
ϲĸŮҲˣƫŸֶֶŮǴȻϲӭǽŵġź󣬲վͰļޣ¾ͱŴý͵͵࿴ɩĸ׶Ҫ޸ɽһˣ
ݣȻܲãֻûߴأϾƣ˵ȥ״ǱƵýҪˣ
̲סʲô㲻ΪҺ𣿿Ҳпԣô

ûڳ㣬ǺЦСҾͺáȷʵΪã㻹ôᣬһӹ¹ѵϣǲ˵ܷܲˣڵص֪ҲȻҪ۵ġοǵǷµծ٣˵һ۾ˣҪһ߻ծ˿۾ģҶѲ㲻ۣ
˵ڼ޵ĿǺүĿúˣ˺С㣬ȴǰҽɫãЩҲǹҰΣͨɣǶǹȥȲ˵ġСãȻļޣļ޺˺ôĿȫĸŮҿɶôûа
ҡǣ˽ЩҲΪԼҶΪ˻νѽҲǵģ˵Ҫ˶֪νиعѵĹĸסڼң˭۹ŮСӵģû֪ҶԲ㣬Сãһ治ڡ

һЦ
ǣиعѵĹĸЩȷʵǻЩ֮û˵ûΪҲۺӣһϡҪļޣҲһʱɣȥôô죬ʹ̣ƫҪǸʱǸʱý࿴ⲻķЩۿͨ죬ҧסûġ
ܣһ˲оЩˡ
ӵģ֪еĸ̫ǻӰ̥ġ⺢Ĳʱ򣬵⺢ȴģûˣΪТûȴһҪΪסġ
һѹͷʹȴ̲סϣ𣿺ôĸŮˣ㲻ҵЩˣֻ񽭼ǸףҵȻСҲкɽˣѵûǰ

Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ҪȻܽϱ߶ʵĽӡ˵̼֮ңһֱĶСټϽϵĴ罭ƾӪЩһֱ·ġ˸ܸɵĽʮܸ꣬ɣҲû·ȥϱ߶Ľ
ϰ涼Цȥˡ
һǸˣӭ˽ĸŮţɷͺǰ˺áòټ׬һʣպܴýϲȥ״ȻǺˣԺ󽭼Ҫϵĵطأýԭ
ۿûźͷҲӣͨһ͸Ϲˡ

϶һ

ȴ̹ȻŵСãǧҵĴҸͷˣԭһأô

˵棬ĵҲ档
ͷصġˡȻ˵̺ϵĻǸŲ˲æˣɣǽлνˣ֪Ҫأ

̧ͷʵСԭô

ԭ£Σ
ֻܰοԼԼУҪټ޵ġȻ˽ң޷Ƿծһѣ¶ĸģҪιƫĳҲǰţֻû˽ұӻĸŮ粽Уһˡ
ԭˣⱲҲٰϵ˿ˡϵʲôԭԭµģһˣ˵ֻʲô

һϲæվǣһˣ˽ģҲȷΪ˵񽭼ǿúˣĲҲ״磬ֶֶŮôǽҸɵײս

治Ϸϻ϶θﷴᣬĵɩպҪңǰ߻ظʱٹɣϾҲ֪Ҽ޽˺ŴԺǶޣ֪˫۾ءӭȻǽЦˣպ˺үϲҲûô

ǸˣȻ֪ϲԸҪȻҲ޽һ£һҲ͡ű̽Ȼ̽Ѿˡ
˵¾͵úúãçײˣ»Ҷǰ¶ҲֻлһˣǺӣ˲ҲðԲ

ϵͷֶԸģοţ洫˽ε
ۣ㣬㰡
һҪһҪ㣬һ֧Һòã
ߵߣͿѾŽͽγȥˣʱվһøտ˻Ĺ£ָǹһȥһС֦𻨸ε˻Ц
ЦЦ
վλãպܰѽ鿴˶ģݲκε顣ֶҲϲ

ϸҲˡ
ƺЩԾܿЦˣ⺢ҿųģģãϲǲ֪˵͵ȻɰͰЦ죬Ϲ˵ʲôأǡ

ô䲻ˣ˵꣬ȴˡ

Сãģ£̶Ϳϲ

һ󷢺
ֶȷʵܿϡ
վһĿֶŮҲܷģãСԺӾͲȥ
ֶȴһ
ΪǸŮƾĸˣԲ㻶ϲӵ¡ҪǼٹ󣬻ȢڽûаôɩܿܣԼܳͷ˵Լܳͷʲôӣ
ò˵֪֮ģ޸ƽʵûٸƽӡƽΪϲϲж೤ãƽԺ߸ңԺӦû᲻Ӿ֪̫õġ
ޣΪʱѾ·ߣΪĸŮܻȥΪպܼ޸˼ңΪ˶ĺܺúֻܼޡǲ޸ƽûʶˣϰżޣκһˣĺӡ
޽ԺΣҲ
ɫڣӦܹ̹ӣֻҪˣѶĺӻˣƽˣҲãȥׯҲգٱ֤ġ
һŵģϾŴ󻧶Ҫ档
ˣǻٺãҲûֱӦϡ
ʲôļٵġ˵ɩЩˣԸԲ裬ȥЪһ

ϲ׷ӵ£ֻܵããСЪţһԼߣˡ

û

ֻһˣһƨϣֱ̰׵Ľش˼飬СֹװʲôŮԸأ޷ҵ˲ðˣ˰ƽģ̾ͼˣ˵ʲôʬδޣҪĳҰ˵ˣҪټˣܸҰڵ𣿡˵Ժͽ˵ߵҪ޽ˣŮģѹأ

СֹԺС˵ãںú𣿡

Ѿ˹һ߿ȥˣпش𽭻ĻܺãүƣĸȰдҲ׽һ㡣

ȻЦ˵ģȴǰοϾ˵ٺãҲǼ²
ĸǶޣĸΪָƽûаѪԵϵںܹã¹˵ָָ㣬Ѿܲˡ
áĲ۵ںòģ㡭ؽҰɣ

ؽңתͷ򽭻ö۵

ɬһ˲ֱˣã㡭Ը⣬һȥ͸˵еĸסģһܺãҲŬĸģ
ڲ֪ĽĸټޣȫΪûȻԸĸûͱöף¹ĸǲŵġ

ǴЩ޳ȥõѡ˽Ҳûˣڽˣô棬ȴЩǸΡ
ϲϲҲǱġϲӦɣôãֻҪŬŬӦþϲˡ
ֻǣҪޣҲõ˵ϾȻۣô뿪ȴġֻҪƽնעЩŵ磬ҲˣʵҪڰƽǰʱҲСڸУŵӦҲȥ鷳
ûӦҲûֻܾʵĸӦ𣿡

ڽôʾǴӦˣӦӦ϶ӦһֱƯȥֻ»䲻ء

ֻǷ䲻ɣ
ô룬ȴʲôû˵
ĸӦãǲӦб֣о˾˸ԼҲǱټ޵ĳˣļ޹ȥ˽Ҹо˾˺ͱ㲻ô˾ĸոĸ£оĸղȴӦܵġ




12.   12    ɴ޴˵Ůޡ

12
ϲ°ۣܿʹһ˫Ůˡߺ󣬽ϰеߣõĽӵһȥʣ˵ʲôˣ

˰ӣˣ˻ش𣺡Ҳûʲô˵Ҫںòģ͸ؽҡ

ֶȻֱ˵⻰
Щ⣬飬ɫأ

֪̽ʲôղŻһȻģȴ̵ͷӺߺһ˵Ը⣬ͻȥ˾˾ĸס
Խ˵ԽСԽ˵ͷ͵Խݡ

뵽ѣֻΪǺߵ˼㣬ȴʶǿɬشءҲǴ͹ģõĸ飬ķӦٻ֮ǰ治ϲɢ׮Եˡ
ʣô

סϣڽϵľѣ᲻Ҳ᲻ûûĵܵá

᲻ãȴǲԸ⡣
һȷŮ˼Ĳ̾͸ˡΪŮǼ޹ȥҲܲ
ֻܰѻ˵ף𣬻ǸõģȷʵϲֻǶֶϲǶŮ𣬻ٺãĸڣĸǸˣ޹ȥί

Щ¶䲻ȫ֪ȴҲ֪߰˰ˣ޸ϻĽ棬ʵĵѾˡ£Ѿټˣһ˼޻ؽңûǣҾûҲκβǾ˾˺ͱ綼ҲúúܣϲʲôˣʲôаһܽϳԿԼͦխģ֮ǰû뵽޽ã뵽ˣ㵱޹ȥѵ϶۸һһȫֻ
ûϼƽϣ㲻˵ʵϾǽϵң˵ʵϻġ
ĸԸ֪˾ȴܻңұҲ˵ҺãڣӦò̫ίɣΪ˵ϣ˵˾治Ļ˵ҸģֻҪһֱãĸܻأҲ

Ůǣϲزˣ
Ůо仰˵ȴԣС޹ģֻҪһֱãдڣǴɩҲ̫һֱŮ
ӦܵİɣƯִֶͷʮһֱ統㣬Ǽ޸ȻҲһֱ䰮
˵Լ˺ƾŮĽ飬һȴ´ˡ
ϱ˵ˣĺ󱳣ˣ͵˾

ɿϣģ£ЩĵǾ˾ˣܸܲ£ȼޣ޹ȥ󣬵ٸԲ˵ϣæֲϾǵŮӦΪТġ

̾ŷȥĸŮ֣ŮһңѾ治ɫ˵ԲԲĻˡûŮǲ֪߳ܣֻܣŮһСӼҼңһӳ󡣵Ҳ˲϶ΣϾ𣬶ʱ䲻࣬Ű޹ȥֻһݻǱ䣬ϾͲԸûȢˡ
ŮһТټޣͨռѾˡ˺ճܴТٶ꣬ҲŮТˡ
ã˾ˣͬ˵ϵ



ʵϽϻȥ˵˺󣬽վȿͷ˵¶ˣŽ˵Ҫǰӣģдӽ

ȴһնϷ˴Ÿ磬ֻһǱߡ

⸰Ϊ࿴ŵ˼ҵŮ򼴽˲ţֻϷ˴ϱжܵӢ󷿵磬ŮһˡҪҲϵģѾѡ˽ĬҲԸٸųűƷڼˡ

һգ磬жǱ۵òᡣϷѾϿõĹＸȫ˱飬ԸһΪϲģ˻ؽϺͶ˵Ҳòһȷ棬ܳЪЪˡ

ԺСͣǼﶼü꣬ƽѹûʲô͵ԭ򣬹ǵļﶼ֪ġһ룬Ϸ˶µֻ˹ˡ֮ǰļҵĹϷûһ룬ļҲˡ

󣬽õС綼ˣһĳӲֻܵδֵıãСѦˡ

δТĵһ룬ĿΪ˸ܽ࿴ʵĹ˳Ϸ˺ͶӣǽҲ÷һġ
һճ½½˿ˣϷ˹ȥ밲Ϊˣδ׼ĸȴǱҪЩǵġ˵ǵۼԷŽϹȥˡ
Ҳ¶棬Ը˺дֺƵǱúһգ뿪ѳӻ

ӽߣֻж̶̲һӣܵԼѦȴǽ߸ǵķӦȫˡ˱϶Խ϶𾴣ȫǸҽĵŮȴҲʮֿһת¶мģɫӲ䲻ȵģӽϳ𾴻Դ˿ֺõģһȻ⣬Ҳġ

ߺܵȥͣѦǿ˭ã

ѦֵĹϵö꣬˲ȿ˿ڣӼƳ´˵Ů࣬л˵ŮȻҾá
Ӳ䲻ȵġ

ҲˣȴЩܽϲ㣬Ҳãǲ̫ƯЩ

˵ȷòڵģ⻰˵úõĻȴǷһ㣬ΪΣ˳ڸࡣ
ֿˣȻͬĻȴ̲סЦˣ⻰˵ģԼƵá

ѦֱӶˣ۳ڣŽڣڣǳֻܽͨ

ʵѦĳͨһ˫һۣЦʱβţŮҿˣҲúܱסһ㡣
ȤڣһЦŶĶ

Ѧ˼ɬ㣡

Ц𣺡㿴˭Щ

ɴ޴˵ŮС㣬ȻףҾͦá

ʵϲ̫ϲϾˣ˵ĵҲ޹ģȴڳǰ̬Щ̫ˡ
УȷʵõˣҳҲȷʵƽӹЩҪڼܳ꣬ҲȵܴܵһꡣҪ֪Ҷ׶磬ʮ߻û޵ĶѶף᲻̫޵ġʮ껹ûףԭģѾǷëˡ
ԼҵܾܵϲòͨͻԴЩģϲϲҪܵϲͺáʵֻҪܵȢףȢĶû¶
Ǿ໹ȻֻҪĸҲûȥҽѡһ˾

Ϸ˵Ȼûͳ౾еģȻܱҲǾϿɾø涼ģȻû˵ˣȻҲϿɡϾʵһֻҪܽԸȢȢʲôģˡ

¶ô£Ҫȥһ˷ԭˡ




13.   13    ܽԺġ

13
һ˵лԲܾպýϣ׽һ˵£̾ͷԸ˸׼˳һӦҪĶù緹ǳš

ܸˣһ·δĻĺãǸأãýѡ˭

治֪ܽѡ˭ȻƽʾܽӦϲᣬ֪ΪʲôԤУܽѡᡣ
ǳȻѡ˭أ
²ԼңѡС㡣ĸǹӼƣСĿȾʶĶ֮ͨˡģҲúãȢһλòǻ۲صӣӦǺܿĵġ

ģ̲סЦ̾ϧϧϧŮӣĸķӦҲܿġ

Ϊʲô𲻽⡣

Ϊڿ˵ĺá˵ȻЩ䡣

Ĭ˲³ԭ
㣬ڼˣǲе£

û˵Ƭ̣ȴ˵ͷ

¡ס֣ŴСһЩϢɹǴ˼ңҪ޵ǼҳճĴүȻҲʶǰҲûϢΪδƼˣĽƷӦöһһģȻĸͺүҲͬ¡£޹ȥ϶úܺõġ

ͷҸȷܺá
ΪС㣬ã̸̫ܵܰµãӢ̫СﻰǰõСöԼˣûôʱˣҪôҪôֻܸѦ˵еĹȰ⣬ϲʱĵĻˡ
ã֪Ҹһһ꣬ǰТʱѾʮˣΪûޣ߱һֱûźˡûˣ˵ΪŮТ꣬ͣڻ߸ɸɾûźˣ˼ң̫ټˡ

ͷȷʵܺˡ
ȻǰϾʮһգĸЩ˾˳ҲˡߵھӺ󣬾㶼ˡ
˺Ҳᣬǰƽ߸С檣Сû󡣴үܽСڷԭ³Ͳˣү£С˵һȶȾĸѾ߶մˡ
δѾܺˡ

Ů̸ʱɬЦ⣺ţǰʱңδζҴȥˣȴĸˡ

ȻûϲˣϵЦҲɵá

ֱ̫̫ףҲ˼ˣæתϣأãɾʮˣϲˣ

ֻҪһѣǾƱҪȥˡ
С

һʣȴû뵽ȻôһشϲˣڣȻ붼û͸ˡ
æƿ⿴ۣӦϣסĿڵǣûؾʲô˵Ҳ±ȥ
û׵Ĺֱ׵˵ϲˣܵĽǴȥġ

˺ô˵лҲ֪ˡЩί㲻𣿡

˵
ǣôҰ
ЦãĶͷѽɵģ˵ű㽫ߵСС˵ϲ˭һ˵Ҽ˰࿴أû뵽Ѿϲˡ

ѹҾ˾˼ҵı硣

ûмֻôϲôô

룬ǴСһ𳤴ģҺܺãҲܺãҲܺá

ûˣʡ

Ҫʲô
벻ֻͷûˡ

˰죬û뵽͵ɰͰļ仰죬˻뵽ݴ˿̵ĸܣ˵ĲϲˣڿھӼҵĺƵãҲҲãǺûʲôϵ


ҲôΪ鷳ˡ
æȵǣĺϲٷ磬һ˲ţҾͱҴ꣬ȴѾܺܺõĴˣҾ˾˶

ۡЦ˳
ֻûӻͣˡ

𣺡С㣬С㣬ԭµˡ

֣úúãٷ磬һ˲ţ㡣³ɣҵøϽȥ

ŻǼٵŰ
𿴲˼Ѿ˷ԭ£ֻȷˡ뵽ϾҪܽѡˣҲ˲ϱˣΪĺܺܽѡ˭

ĴСţܽڷԭµʮ꣬ƽ˷ԭһԲ 

һ·ͨĽ˷ԭ£ǰܽȥɮһסˣŮӲֱ㱻Сɳ뵽һƫȺ
Ⱥ϶ĸסƫȥ߸Ȧ͹ܽһķӦʧǣãڵȥСɳʱõϢȴܽ²
ʲô£˵кҪҪ˵ģ

Сɳ˷һʵĵƶɮѾȫܽʦ˵ˣʦ˵߲ʦ˵£ƶɮŴһ

㴫ʲôãȢ׿Ǵ£
ԸһʱȴҲûʲô취

Сʦ֪ƽںδ

ԶԶԣ²ƽأæӻȥƽҸ˵

Сɳԥһ˲ͷȥˡ

ƽܽڴϻں˷˵ܽطԭˣƽҲ˲ˣڸ´ʱ͸˷ԭ¡Щ죬֮ӺãѾȫˡ

Сɳִ˻˵ȴΪʦ
ܽСˣִҪ㡣ҲŰ㵲һΣҪƽ

ң
ƽæۣԱ۲ΪܽСѵСˡ

ܽͷʦæ

үƽ̲סȥԣСȥպôغСĿɲңСĻŻȥȢϱأ

ܽĬһ˲Ƭ̺ۣ˵öԣҲӦߡƽȥС㣬ʰغȥɡ

ƽǱܵķͺˣΪǰܷܽغȥŵ亹ˣͨһ£ʱѾ˿ǻүүСĴˣСĲȥС㣬Сľ

ƽƽ˵꣬ܽѾһѽ£͸ĸȥһţȥﲻ˷ġ

Ҳȥ
㲻ᱻ϶Ҳᱻˣ˵ǣֵáƽŹȥֻ޵СĲȥүСĲȥСٲԵ˼ˣСҲңСĸһңһУ

ӷ𡣡ܽڣΪʦǰһƽ˿Ȱܽܽ˴ȱΪǻظǻǽ°ɡҾͲˣԵǿҽ£ﳾ䶨ʱٽߡ

ܽҲû뵽ƽӦô󣬼Ϊʦںƽͣһмˡ
ƽܻܶ꣬ʱܵûš

ΪʦЦЦɿƽȻСǻǽȥɡȥҲãǴСʲô˵ģǲɽС㣬Ҳдȴ֪

ܽȴ֪Ȼʲô££ӦҪȰȢ׵¶ᱻȰƽȥһҲҪ
ȥɡƽ

ǣƽӦ£ָмĳΪʦһݣתͷҴܿ

ƽһ۾ͷƿ޹ˡ
ƽôˣǸˣ˾󣬸ĵĻܽæʲôôһʱ䶼ûУ

ƽû뵽ҲˣȻǰںǴΰŵү߿

ʲôģʮˣ
ﱧԹڷԭ£ȴû˵ʲôֻȥǼδѡϲ˭Լѡһλ

ź棬һ죺Һʹţдүѡãǡ

һڻĻƽֻúǧһ㣬ϻز˵˼үϲʲôĹүǰط⻭ȥүô
ɴС㣬ҲҾܾ
ȥ·ϣֿΪʦʱƽͺ񿴼һæ˹ȥˣʦ⡭ǴСøүŮӻ˵ôүԼϱʦ˵Ҹô찡

Ůӻ
Ϊʦùһȴû򿪡
֪ʲôƬ̺ݻظƽֱøܽû£ͬһȥ

Ϊʦţܽǰƽսս⡭ǼδѡС˵Լϲ˭ѡѡһ˵ƽֻԼˣС˵ѡС̻ȥǻڵš

ܽСϰ侲ģĿǺһƽʵ̫Сʱ˵Ǿ䡰С˵ˡ
𡭡ȻҲˣ
ܽԺıӰֻж̶һ˲Ĳδκβ
ѻͻȥ˵˭ҲѡҲȢסûƽĻ

ƽĶˡ
ҵү֤͸ҵС㰡

ڳΪʦְæɣҪǱƫһˣѻ͹ȥ

ƽĹ¸Ϊʦ˸ͷлʦ




14.   14    ˭˭ѡ˭

14
ƫȴţȵ̫ģҪģãĽѡ˭òãҶѡᡣ

Ҫ˵һ˳ͿΪʦˣָȥ㣬ˣõģǸոոƽĻ

ΪʦֵôᵽԸѡ˭Ҳƽôѻ

˵ΪʦѾˡ
С㡣־ʩ˷ЦǺϻҪƶɮΪתĻһ仰ܽ˵˵ġ

˵ģ
ֱԼĶ䣬ץס֣ãûɣ˵˵ģ

Ҳܸˡ
ܽԸȢף˵ϲ¡
ˣˣû˵

˻ˣںĺС㣬ڷԭ£Ϊʦǰ˵Сӡɿ˫ȥ˻һߵĴƣȻΪʦһ
лʦлʦæҲлʦЩܵĽ̵л

ΪʦԾЦǺǵģôСлǷƽڼңҲŰ˳·һ˶ѡڶֻܽǷԭµ׼ҵӣ̵ҵΡ

ʦƣ޵

Ϊʦһ񣬸뿪

Ȼܽ˻ش𣬵ȥ·ˣһһ滹Ƽδߴ¼ӿٶȣڸ緹ʱ͵˺Ҳ˲÷Ҳ󣬱һ·ܽϷ˵ٰá
ҲɣϷϢģϱŮǶеš𴳽ŵʱ߷˸ոҪ÷

ӴһЦӯӯȿڣʲôأ

˲ϻشˣѸٺ£ͼϷ˵ĸϲ

ϲ
ô˵ǽѡˣ
ϷЩţġ䡱һŲԶᶼˣ˭˭ѡ˭

ĸףʲôѡ˭̲סʡ
֪ȥ˷ԭ£Խϼ޽ûĹܼȨߵ¶ȴǽ˹ȥ֪󷿵µȻҲ֪ܹиʱ

ҡͷЦŻϷˣ˭Ҳûѡ˵ģ˵˭Ȣ˭


˵ˣ
Ϸ˲ᣬȴԽԽࡣ

ܵǰ޵ñһţĸ֪жˣⱲӶûô˹

һϷ˻Ҳ˽ƽҲûˡãðˣٲͿҪˣ

ѾϷˣЦϲ¡ĸףüӲͰô˵ӣɵøЩʹͲС

ҲЦǸüӲͣĸףȥԸɣ

˺󣬱û

һ

ܵӢȴѾ߹˽ϲá

Ϸɨۿ˽ǰˣ˵ãӲͣ϶ҵģȥԸǼӲͣҲӣµǮЩǺСǣÿ˶װͷףҲý׼ҿǼǺεȵӣ

Щ¶ǶڹܣӦˡ

˳ȥæϷ£ˣЦʵ㽫˵лϸϸ˵һ顣

֪ǲѾĹˣѾƽˣûûգƽ˻ȥġΪʦ˳·ƽĻ˵ǽ˵ġЩøһҲ˵ġ

Ϸ˿

ǣҲˡ

ӷ𣡡ϷȻЦŲ²⣺⺢ӣĪ˻񶼿ˣȴ֪ѡ˭

ûнӻԹ˻ȥ
Ҳɻôܽ˭Ҳûѡأ
ϲǲϲǻгȻҲϲǾѡ˭У

ĸѡ˭ȥ·һ·ڲ£ȴû뵽˭ҲûѡѡҲ֪ѡ˭ˣ˶ܺãܲܺúãȴ˭Ҳ֪ѡѡ˿ô죿

ϷʵѾϱˣѡĶϲģκӺϱúܺá
ܰԼϲڵ˺ò״ӦȢ׵Ĵϣȴˣǰѡ˿ô죿
ǵúúѡѡһѡõĲС

緹ϷҪЪ˱ٰá

һˡ

˴ܵӢ˴ܼΡ

ϱȥ˰ãȴס𡣲ѣֻܶͷǵȥһˡ

Էȥ·ûˣʣ㣬ոҾͷ֣ôͻȻЩ̫ˣ

ôƺС󼸲ŵոĸ˵˽ƽûˡ

⡭
ܽϷ˵һӣΪһӳˡ뵽̽Ϊĸûر˶ѹ𣿡

ţһʣʱﲻסЦˣСԴﵽʲô׵ܵܣֲСˣΪѹ

ôˣ
ûʳڣѾһС

һ̾ģʱѲƽƽˣȴѪĵ죬ûˡ
ȻκѾûʮˣûĺӣֻйҲȻᡣ

𳹵ˣ׺ۣǰϷڸ˴ӳȴʧȥˡ
ס֣㣬Ȼߵ磬ܾⱲһ䣬ɴ˳˲㡣һȻߵЩȻȵ䣬ȻܽŮ

ܶ˰οҪôȰڰҪô˵֪ѹûۣȰ⣬ȴǵһ˵
±ӣôʱļ䣬ʵôȥǵòˡ֮ÿ𻹻ѹΪǸӦˡ

ģ±ӣ϶

ãͻȻѹˡһЦߣҸһȥĸǣոտĸ׺Ҫ˵
ŲµҪ˵ȻˣϷȴҪȥƫ

°ɡЦҪ˵ǹģ㣬ñܿ

ϣԽҲкøУֻýô˵ûˣû뽭ʵϣ׽պ鷳¶æȻˣʱദ뵽㣬ҲԸ
ɴӦˣá

Ҫ˵ĲǱģͽ£ź󣬽ˣϺ͸һ𣬽ͽ¿ͷ̸ˡ
Ƕˣ˾ףҺ˾Լ·ݣ׵£µʮ³

ûڷԭſʱ˵Ļ״ãҶģ

ȴɻ󣺡ĸףΪôż
ϵ·ݣͻȻĵҪȥһ꣬ôºףŲʮ꣬ǳʱѾӽʮԽ۰ĳ̶ȣʮ߰˶֣ʮ·ݾͼδ̫ˡ

ԲͰƽ֮³˵Щ㣬ûҸߵġֻҵҲ꣬κŮֶҲһ꣬˾˾ĸżúء

һ˼ģ

ˣЦǼðϲˡ

ܽҲҪȢ
ӦǣϾò״ӦˣɲøϽЦã˫ϲš

˫ϲҲҪޣϲء˵ߣæߵģԺ




15.   15    ˵ѹ

15
ܽӦɼ˰Ȣ׵Ϣǽһʯͷӽƽĺ棬ƽĶˡ

Ϣ˷
̴˽˶¡

¶Դ˷ӦȴƽȢױȢףⲻǺѵ㻹ҪҵĹ

ŵģҲš
ôţסڷԭ²ϻؼңżҲֻɮ£ⲻʲôοѾʮˣĵҲû϶ףǷʲôˣͻȻɿ˵Ըɼ˰ţͲ뷨ȥڷԭǲǷʲô𣿡

ƳһۣȴãһŮңЩʲôİȥףֵˣٲЩеûģá

㿴粻

ﰴŮ˵£Ϊ㡣ܽ˺УûĶӣ᲻ý㣬ʲôѡ񣿶Ǽ̳˺Һûкӹ𣿱£˵øЩ

ºǺЦ˵ʲô軰أôеӣԸ̣ҲѺҵġοѾţӣܽ˺УҲѡ񡣡

Ҫأ


㶣ǵԹ̡

̣ĺ˼׵һǴ󷿣ɵӣнȫƴùˡ

µͷԼȡ

治ܼ̳к˶أ

̲ס죺ɵҲжӰ

ﵭһЦôŮˣô꣬˵˭𣿡

羪졣

Ҳɴۣ

ҡͷȥˣ⣡

ǾЩŮ˵ˡ
ܽЩŮ˲
³Ĭˣʵܼ̳кûɵӻĺơһܽԸȢˣ⻰Ժˡ

ԲȢ
ЩܣҪģĸѾͷ϶ŬŬǵӣֻҪжӣĻͺܴ󣡡
һ˫Ůȥˡ

ߣܺԺֻܵһڶ˺Ͷүߡͬǣ˵ķ˲ᣬүյĶűƷܵǸȹϵϡ
ô㶼ż

үƳһۣżʲô

˴˲ƿߣȴǽѵƽô˵ģúС㣬󺰴У֪˸˵ûˡ

ʲôʱˣأ
ܵǴȢףܼȨζýˣ绹ûȢףҲûޣ㽻˹ܼȨǿô찡

ɫûô졣ȢǰһȽ¶ˡ磬ֻҪܰ±㲻÷ˣȻҲ洦

ǲһܵżһʱȴ֪ô˵ֻɵĵôȢף

˰θ

үҲѵ⻰ٲ˵ǽȥһĸ󲮶УҶҪ۳Թ䣡

ҷϣ
үܵ׵ֱܵôȻסˣȴŭһǰڶ࣬Ŷ˵ֱˣ㺰

˲Ϊ

ܵҪ˵ʲôػˣ󷿵ķˡ

үӺŮһۣȳȥֶˣúý̵̽ʲô˵

үȥˣ˽֣ܵصҲô룬ϣϣҲ뿴Ҳ¶ʵ뷨ǰǰܽȢ׵¶ããҺã㶼ֵֻܱĸˣԽԽá

Ҳˡ
װѾۣΪʲôǰҪװ
ܵίѾɿӭ˳ȥ˵̲ܵסŭһѣöˣҪز𣿣

ȻΪҪ
ӭ˷ţĴˣҲҪܵߵģܵװ޺ͷ϶ˡ˵˼˵ֻ

ҲûֻܵжĸŮֱӵȥ˵үҪȢˡ

ǰȥ˷ԭ£Ϣ¶ǡôЦĸ׸˼ˣǺүû֪Ҳܸˡ

ȴЦ
ˣ㲻𣿡һɫ

⻰ܵҵ֪æҪ˵

ȴиӦ㣬תͷ˹ȥ

Ŷһ˲ɫܵ죬ûҳ

תͷʱϱ㻻˲֮ɫʲô

үȢףĹܼȨҪ̰Ȣ׻ãֻҪȢף֤ԸӣԸ̳кӾӷˣϹܲˣȴȻţҲʸ̰ѹܼȨҪȥУһȫΪ˿ǵģô࣬ƾʲôҪСѪƾʲôҪСѹŰ

ܵȻ˵ȴѾ̲סͷ˶˵ֱۣżҡ

¶˿ɫȴǵЩʲôұӦүæʵЩѾˣֻһֱҲү˵ЪЪȢףЪЪֻи˵ġ㣬¸̾ԭţˣύ¸˵ʵڵģ䶼ֶСڷԭ£¸ȴƤӵ³ģҲϣ¸̳С

ҧ
ⶼˣǺ׽ҲﰵĺãûץһΰѱŶû˽ģŶùܼȨϾɲͷ˸߿Ȩ⻹ǿ԰ﲻ֪¶ӵ˵ˮ©û취
֮£ֻǰһȵͷ˵д㣺ˣ˵Ϸ˿ҹæλľһȥһ˷ԭ£Ҳ鷳Ұš
ϾֻǸ檣ƽûߵĻᣬ󷿴ǰûĸҲĸŮͷĹԼҵû˽ǰȥǷԸһУϽţƽ˽ӣ󷿵¶ЭڹܣŽȻȥĶȥʲôȴϡ

˳Ƭ̣λľҲ֪һЩٽ˰Ҳ¡ȥԭ£ɲͿ°

ֻȥ´үΪʲôͻȻͬ⣬ʲôҲġ˶٣ֵһʲôʲôʱҲ㹩ҿԸ㱣֤պ¸̳˺үͶС㣡

̲ܵסڳˡ

һ̾ڵҵͼЩֻ¸ǺӰˣһƬĸĳֻҪ㲻̫֣ұֻ֪ˡ

ˣҺ¸һӼǵĶ̬



Ϸ˺֪˽ƻܽ£˶ҹζ࣬ȻѡǺܿöܽδӵѡ
ѡеģǻɵŮȻ
ǣûüȥ˵ýȴȻѾ׵Ϣ

Ϸڼҷ˺ôһͨƢ
еϱ˽ȵǣҲҳܼҵ档ϾܼҲû׼˳һʲôҲˡ

ȻˣϷ˱Ŀ˳ϣԳϽüҵĵճϱ¼ӵˡ֪ȥĵգϳ¼׼Ůͺԭ¼ûϢҲŮˡ

Ϸ˵֪ϢʱЩñȥ
ңò״˿ڣòǧѡ̶̼Ѿûһûжȥһˡ
ǵ˳¼ҲŮϢĵ磬˾ͺͰһ˴ҴſڡǱߴ޷һӦʣֱӵˡ

ʱ޷Ȱ˵Ҫ䲻˵ϷѾˣסˣô죿

ȴһҪһ˵ˣһ˻ţ

˵ӿ쵽ˣСһ𡣡

ͷԼ΢°ڣһһЩǸϽȥӭӭ

޷˿ϣȴ㵱Ҫܽ

ǡشĸɴϡ

Сڷԭ³Ȥֲýʲͨġڼҵòϧò棬ӻἫģ޷żο˵ѹͲϲŮˣ

ͣסţֻ˵仰
Ѿʮˡ
ǰƽΨһĵӡ

ʮˣٲץᣬǾֻˡܽǰƽΨһĵӣֻҪԸȢףǺľλվͻͷϡһ˵ңҲӵͷϡ
úõĹңлӷ˲ޣǵȥ֪ļҵңⲻɵ

޷˵ȻŮ
Ů̬ȼᶨҲ֧֣޷һ˼ûãֻϴЦдϷˡ

֪ûǰҵĹһҲˣϷ˴ϲͰϵĳȡ˴ϣ⻹ҵͽ游׺Ÿң˵ҪܼҳϱġҰ㣬պܼңһб㶼˵㣡

ǳŵˡ
ǳŵĵλҲǳŵܽĵλ
ῴϵʽ¶Ϸˡ

޷ҲϷʹãʹã̫ˣ

ϷЦʹãʹãҪ˵ĹʲôõĶʹãǻкЩʱΣＸŮŲҿܳͷҪøԡ˵žͶԴȥȥҺҪ˵ӻ

ȥϷ˱֣صĸ޷Цʵ̫ϲˣǴôô䣬˽һʱ嶯ֱˡԭһͰУǧҼƽϣһȥ̾˺ס

һǸӺƺദģϷְܼ̬ڵôͱŮϲǰƽȢ˼ңǸ͵ĺţҲʲôЩԣ˵Ǽٵġ޷˰ĺܼ·ǳ⣬˵ȻϷʧ
˿Ϳ̸˻ڶ¶ˡ

ȻԵʣҲôôϲͨԼҵܵܺ󣬾͵ºĸĸ٣ʱҰѰᣬǼһ档

ȻδܽѾ϶뵽Ҫ׼δˣ̲סߺ
㣡˼ĵ

Цս˵ģӢ˶Ȼϲ




16.   16    ֻ֪ʲôʱů

16
бʣϷ˻ظվýȥ˴޼ҡõ޼ͬϢһȥԭ½ܽؼңһһԻ㡣

ȥ˷ԭ£ȴٴα֮ܽ⡣
Ϊʦ˱֤˵Ϸ֮գζȰܽظϷ˺١
ΣֻȰϢغ

Ϸû̫⣬ֻͬȢףǺεأȲԸɽǾٺúðհɣϾó׻һʮϰߣһ͸Ĳ¡

۵ܵܣͷӦˡ

ɲɣɼ
Ϸǰҿٽš

ܿ죬͵Ϸǰһա
Ϊ˸ܽʱ䣬ֱ緹ȥԭ½ˡ

ճͱˡ
Ǵ𣿡ͷүܺ

ƿͷһɫֱֵܺ룬Цˡ

ǣĸԵϻءܺһ˵һ潫ԭԼŵ¨һԵСˣǰһʣҪȥԭ𣿡

ǣȥӽ

Ҹһɣܺ˵ž̧ϳþûˣԸȢףҡȻֹΪƿ

طСвֻǷǷү

ܺͷЩȻĵһǡ

ɣǱŲŲָλõطģԼֵãòűš

ܺһԥ粽ѡڿĲˡ

ֶһܺ룬ֿ𣬵ãҲ˵ͺ㲻ؼĽдүүֻдǡãҲǵá
Щ˴׺Ǻܵ˵һȥҲԸ⻤ţ˵һȥܺ룬Ȳ϶ܽҲǼСһйϵõˣĳƺ

ܺҲӣ̽ӻǣã󲻱ؼ⡣

硣˳ӵĽˡ
ֻǲԸаƽˣΪ˱ӣƺܺ󲿷ʱ䶼ԺżںҲ˷ͷȻûнӴʱ䣬Ǻһ磬Ҳ˵ʲô

˵ʱܺȻͷβͷû̧˷ͷļ̲ĸŮܺǰδòڸʱһ棬Ҳģû濴ڣΪҲΪ֮Щһ̷ɫȹ𰲾࣬΢ͷ¶ѩ޳Ĳȴǽò࿴Ƭ̡
⿴ƬʱԺиֵģȴǸոƿ¶ȵ𡣰ƴһСȶԲۣ䴩̷ɫȹڹ߲õȴǰһ
ԭǼ̲ĸŮƤҡ

ͷûע⵽ܺĿ⣬俴ˣ̶ֻƬҲû롣ܺԺѧϰܽȢ׺Ĵ㣬ܿͣ˷ԭµĴſڡ

ܺȻת֣
׼³ʱܺת

þܾڴܺϣһվȣջ֡

첽׷ܺ뷽ŷֻȭ˷ղŻĵϴУЦЦ



Ϸ˵ܽȻǵãӦΪʦɽͣͬʱҲҳͷԵ֪ظһӦǾܾ

ȴû뵽һΪʦȰȥ
Ϸˣһһ꣬ô㣬ĳˣ˻ҪȱΪأӦȥһۡΪʦֻҪһƵԼģﲢûʲôϵǡʱ˿ҲޣһȥҪҡ

ò˵Ϊʦһֱܽĵס
ԸȢһĳѾǲТܽȷķ澡Ϸˣһ׮ǰıӰŪħʱԾѾ׷£Ҳȷ뿴Լǿ𣬻᲻ᶯҡ

ܽ˵ΪʦЦȥɣϷٳˣ̻ǡ

ܽӦǡ




ԶԶܽȹӾһ·С˹ȥȻηֿʱ䲻ⲻʱĸܽףܳһʱܼܽҪ

ôˣܽ䲻֪ԭ򣬵ɫҲ˼֡ڿܺ벢ʱһ˲ͣ٣ԼҲû֡

磡ܺҲ˵ǰӭ

վû
ܺעܽϣûע⡣

ܽһƽȴע⵽ˣʶԼӣͽԼƺմջߡ
ƽһ˲Щ£գգۣԼǲǿˡ

ϴô˭ûѡŻ㶼㵽ϲ˭֮ǰǺ棬£ܽϲǳȻĸѡĴᣬɾѡˡ

ܽɫ΢

ܺæҡͷе㣬ĸ٣׼ʲô񰡣

ҲӦ⻹ڷԭء
ܴӦȢѾףܻڷԭ¾ἰЩⲻǵõĿڴ
Ȼֱ˵ˣȴ̲סű¶Ҳ׼ˣѾĸϲĺˡ

ܺ⣬¶յȴ֪ʲôĸãأʲô

ܽȷϲٴἰȢ׵£ܺ뻻˸⣬ӵĻصû׼
ô꣬һ׼ġ

޷о仰˵ûУܽûȳңʵΪҲ˼ҵģһһֻз𷨣㲻ͨ齻ʵġ

Цû½Ѿ㱸ˡ
д׼ϱţĸյʲô񶼸ˡ

ƫģôҲұһݡܺô˵𣬡ãи㱸£

еԼˣ𲻵òǰһ
ԼˣǸĸľ顣˵ţܽá

ܺʱܽûпȥ
˵Ϸ˳˾飬Ӷ˶
磬Ƥ˹ȥһ̷ɫȹСľվڲǰͷ΢΢ţøߣֻܿͷġ

ϻеǴүء
һɻһܽԵͷ̧ǰˣ߰ɡ

ǰһǹģһ˴СԼӣܽƽ߿ڳԯϣǰȴֻнһһѡ
ӵ

ʱλãܺԾѡ˿ǱߣֻܽпǱ߿ѡˡ

Щǻøϻȥ緹ţһһرͺķʱ䣬ȥ󻹵׼ĸŮŵһӦ¶󲻵á

ܽǲԸġ
漴뵽ΪʦĻֻҪһƵԼģﲢûʲôϵ
ٴμƽ޲ƵԼˡȻˣߣȻûϵ

˰ٴοڣңϻø㿴Ż㵽ϲ˭

˭Ҳϲܽصͬʱۡ

һȻ䵭˵Ѿϰˣ˭ҲϲѾµĴᣬܸú
ҺĸѾ㡭

㣡ܺȥ˵ɡ
ֳҡҡͷ˸ϲĿ͡

⣬˹

ܺ뿴۶۵֣ܽдȱ˵ˣһôС㣬ǾϲҲ˵

Ǿϲ
ܻɡ
ȻڲᣬǱȥ˵ɣȢ׵¶ǽӦģȢ˭Ҳ˵ɼģ˴ᣬǲϲҲΌܰɣ

ܽڲߣһ̧ͷܿ
򰤵ýֳܿܵĽëܿƤãһӰϾһ覴Ҳޡ룬ɽ࣬ҪɹܱƤģϸһͷüӢ
룬ϲС㣬һòСӦҲԸлɣֻ֪ʲôʱůģ




17.   17    ޱ飬ҲȻһ

17
ܽ, Դ󷽷ĿľˣҲûʲôÿ, Ժв֪ͱεͷ跸һ֮۾, ͷ͵ǰһԡ

ܽļϡ
˵ͽŮǿ, οܽСϰ, һ, ֻǿӲʯϣǰʹ˶ʱˡ

ãһ, æסû°ɣ

æû¡

ܺ뿴Աۺ޷Ӧֿܽ, ˵û, ͷĺˡ

û¡˵ȥһͷ˻, ۵۵˲ˮ

ܺû˵ֻЩ

, ĶͷȻѾһƬɵö۰˵̽ͳܽһƣӴôʯͷһ

ܽ, ȴδȥ

һǸ֪˵, ɷ̾ӣɱѴ˰
, 㻹õǸܵܲ£ģֻý̡

æãԼСģʹ١ʹûϵġ

ٴƺܽܵĿ˹ȥһ۱㿴ǰһƬ죬ԵúЩĿġʱͻȻͣˣֻܽôһۣһ

òᡣ

ܺæҸȥһˡ

㣬û¡ԸԼǳ£Ϊʲô£ֻҪǳִģ󶼻ǣϡοε»ܽйأܽϷ˵ӡ
㣬Լ˯ײȥⱾҵĴǴĴܰգôôסأһûЪˡ

żŻЩ㲻ĴͷײˣҲõǸġӣŮûаϧպҪôһȥѽ

ǵ˿ȰϾûо飬ܵøʱ䡣

Ļôʱ䣬Ѿˡ
̾˿ЯͷҽдƸƿҩ࣬ͷǲҩֻնûš

ǰ۵̲ס͵˻ȴ룬⵹ǸŵĺɡϾȻǱã֣ҪӦػͱ㹻ĵˡ
Ҫ޵Ǳ磬ߵ󲻻κָܲá



һߣܺ첽׷ܽ
ٰܽõķߣæ磬һ·糾ͣ㻹ȻסѰɣʱˣϾĸɮ£ǽĸ

Ҳǡ
ضˣûҪĸˡ
ܽͣתǰԺסȥ

ܽԶиٰźȻܺǰܺԸȥүԺſţҪȥػ˵ĸǱҪæԸٹȥӦˣȥĸòٽ˰ɣ

Ӧ£ȥˣֽܺСˣҲȥǱߺţһƽţ̰˰סܽѾ޼С㶨׵¶մ޼С֮ǰԲܴͶС
Ը׮£ܺŻض

վԺſڵˡ

ܺһЦˡ

˱ҲЦЩϴѣ㰮Եİ˱Ѽлȣ˾Ͳóˡ

ܺЦӦˡ



һ컹ûæˡ
ֻϷ˹ͼæټӸδ׼Ҫͬĸһţ˸ԺСͣһȥ˴æ

ĸ磬Ƕѵġ
еĴĿ죬´ѣ˸ɰͰ͵ĺ춹¿ˮͷˣ¿ʼױ

ͷЩƽҲˡ
۱ڴױƽ㾲Ƭ̣ȵױ׼ѣһ𣬳֣ݶ

үˡ߹ȥҪȺȿˮ

ƽҡҡͷߵǰڻݺһڣŵôô磿

Բ˵Ƕġ
ô˵ˣ͵ýΪʲôô죬ǾͲòᵽкӡ˵ƽȢ֮ǰͳŵ⺢ӵĿϾģϿɲ껳һ޾ϸ
ĸ޼ǵһţһǵһĴ棬ţ˯šүԴ޼ң˵ǲǿͿˣԣҪȢ޼ŮӦý̬ŵЩ˼ҲܷİŮ޹

ƽʧЦء˵ƽռȢϱǼң㲻ذ̬ŵ͡෴ҪţǺˣȴǼĸֲãǲţ¸ǲ㾴ôã

㽭ϲϲƽôֱ˵ãҲȻЩڡԴӦްƽ֪¶ûʸ񲻸ˡ
ôᣬСǴҹ㣬ͨ᲻ҲҡЦô˵˾䣬¶ӣЩĵүӡۿҪסˣǲǳý˵

ᵽӣƽʶͷۡ
Ѿĸˣ֪ǵڶ̥ԭ򣬻ͽΪԻֻѣֻҪ±ԡŮбǲÿģοϸеĺӻǰƽģ˰ƽûпס۵һһĨ
̧ͷϽرһܽɢ㣬ֽаƽ泩˲١ͬʱҲ϶Ըкӵں⺢ӣϲ޸⺢иһ½Ѿ޸ˣҲǻҪҪȥġ
е񣬰ƽ½ϵĶӣǸ˵ˣͷȥĸǱߣֻԼ˸ǰ˵һǡ

ƽ̬ƽͣимæӦáүźϴ°ɣ

ΪϷ٣ƽȻæϴºҲû緹̾ȥæˡ

ȵ˳ӪͣϾ֪еĸĿǰƽĺӣá

Žæң緹òãҪȥһڣ͵ˡ
ֻȴǴñġ
ƣŸñʲô

ȡñ¶һƬ׵ĶͷҶͷˡ

һæǰ鿴ô˵ģ׳ĨЩҩײС

˯ˣСĿĵڡѾĨҩˣԸƸõϺҩ࣬˵Ĩ˲ձܺá𲻺˼ĵ漴Щʧ㣬ǿϧӲȥǰͷˣƲˡ

˳ȷʵùȥ
ϾĸŮϵ߲٣ڶͷ򵥣˼Ųţ̫ˣ˵ԸˡţΪĸŮǹ⣬Ϸ˵Ϲѿ
ϱ㰲οһβȥ㲻ȥҪ׮ϲ£ʱеָ㿴ͷæүߴţһӽ˸ЩóԵ

ıǲȥæӦˡ
ϴҴٰȥˣº׵ĶͷȻǺڣֺ̫ˡ
ǵģͷϵ˲ܽͷġ͡ϾܽͷӲʵҲǵʱ˶ͷûҩ࣬ҲѾõĲ࣬һҹȥٷϷۣǰ㿴ġΪ˽ܲȥǰߣԸֳſϺݺݿ˻أн׵Ķͷġ
˰ˣؾЩ
û˽ǣõӦò̫



磬źƽֺ˵ʱ䣬˵ٰõʱ򣬲ˣСһļܽҲȫˡ
ĸ׺ϲĸ򸣽𰲡

Ϸ˽ˣ֪еģ˲δֻЦˣ沼Ҫæ¶ţȵˣǾȼõ㷹ɡ

Ʋȥƫ

Ϸû֣ȴǵ죬ֻһյϸǰˣĸףôû

Ϸ˵һϷһҪ÷ûܿڡˣæĵ˵أͷ׵ϲӣˡ

ĵڣ
ǿĵļͷɣ
֪ǹô˵ģû𴩣ֻЩĵǵƲǡ

˵Ĩҩ࣬ƺܿˡӣҲ鷳ٿǻ˵ɡ

ͷȴĥЩæ˵ȥ

λүǰͷ÷ܽ˸԰ǰϰҪҪ˽ٰ緹ҲͶºܺ˰ˡ

˸ˡ
ΪˣǽϷ׵ģŲǶˣ˵ͻСҪչ˵ܼΡڶ棬ܺܵӢ꼶ŵġ

ܺڽϵб棬ʱ֪뵽ʲôƫͷ˵۾ȴǱ߿ȥ

ʱ̹עӣԿһĻɵǣ¾棬ܺͬʱҲĽϿ
Ͻʲôͬɣ
˲Ҳƫͷϡ

ϲδôڿֻҪȻһ¶Ѿе¶ĥųĵ˵ʱʱĸŻ״ãأһϸ˿ͷŵǰһζܵƫͷסŻ

ͫһĲš

Ҳһ˲̶ȿڵɩǡϲ𣿡˵ſϷˣϷҲһϲģĸףǲ̫ҽɩƣǲϲ

˵áѾЩлæ೷ˣ㸧ؿڵˣӻǳҾû˵

ӴӴǴϲ¶˵

ϷҲЦǺǵ⺢ӣҲ˵һʱæǰæģǰۻ˿ôǺãˣʲôҲֻ߾ǡһ磬Ͻ̫ҽпøϽǡ

Ϲǣĸ׵ġ

֪ϢǽѾ˫ϲţ˽һ˵˫ϲټһϲϷ˿ŽϵĶӣԽϴĵ׵Щô˵Ķ׵ﱲ

ϴЦ䲻ΪϸˣŶЦĽĺá
Ϳ˲ˣ˭֪ټһжٺôƫ˳һܵûܹܣ䵽òܵģһһΣ治ܾͰѹܼȨԹܰ
УںվȽŸˣҲҪȢˣǿĹټҵճС㡣ҪܼȨʧȥʱ򣬶˻᲻Ǹ㲻ں

УȻ羪иǷŭܵţ۾ãӢͷ顣

ȹЦϲĸס
ȻȣűǽкҲӰܽĵλ⡣ϵ෴ΪϸˣںЩˡ

ܺһҲЦϲĸ

СϲεЦЦ

Ϸ˸ΧˣЩ԰ɣֶˣǴɩﲻæˣһǶЩֻ˻ͷѴ޷˺⣬С˵ܵӢǴҪС㣬ĹҾ͵дˣɵϵġ
˵𣬲Ҳ֪ԭ𲻸Ҳ˸ӣûʡ

˴Ҵ緹˽Ϻ㶼ٰá

ȼӲͣһٰñסȥˣܵһæ׷ȥ

ܵ˲վٰԺſھµǽϾ

ãܺһ߬סֹ֣Ļ

ĿתȦڶϣЦɩǺøô󷿶ûӣһţŲ£ͻˡֺүôϲĸ˭ϲ

һЦô˵ûã⻹źǵأЩ˵ǵÿǿǣʡý̻Сӣ˵ǲǣ

˿ԼǱﱧڻĶӣֻɩ˵еǼθᱻ̻ͲͶɩˡ˵űˣ߰ɣŸпҪ½ˣҵ׼׼ȥӭˡ

Զˣܺܵ֡

ܵίֻһǸһĸףȴԿˡ

˿Ůûǰѵ̵ֻЩƣĶܺǰͷ벻㣬Щȥɣ

Щܽסԭ£ȼ޲ôӲţ԰ƽС¶Ҫͣ㶼ܺ档ܽû֣Ҳ⡣
ãĸסܺӦ£ȴûߣĿĿܵǲ˵ݴűšӲҪţ͸Һúñ죬ʡǶˣ

ܺĻɱȶÿˣټ⻹һζ̬ܵȣܵŵú۾硭硭

ܺûֻһ˦ӣŴˡ

ܵˡ
㿴磡ܵǸ״ק˶˵ҡš

ӳȴֻǵ˾䣺̫ʧˡ
䣬̧žߡ

գۼ䣬ٰõԺſڱֻʣܵӢԼ˵ѾˡܵڿޣӢòѵ㣬ɣӣǽĸҪǽ˼ˣҲаġ

գӢѾòźãűܺͶˣܵѾߴû֨ܵӦҲϽᡣ
ȴǲġ
ǽϱɷ˲±ټˣټ޺ҲŲ£СŮӱǲ֪ˮñģû˵һѵҲ

ܲµ˼㣬Ӣĸ׺粻ǹ˵ĸͥô˵ԱءǴ󲮸У󲮸ںĸǶֻлûкôġ

֪
̫
ܵҧҧͻȻŴЩȢˣɩɩţǽϾûӹˣ

ҲôİѴɩɩȢŲС
Ӣô룬ȴʲôû˵



Щ֪
Ȼ֪˿ҲںΪһĶڴܽļˡ

ù緹ûܽˣƽæһ׵ֱ֣֯ŲȺѥޱ飬ҲȻһ湫Ӿ̬

Լҵܵģ⣬ֻԶԶһۣʮŸϲϡ˲ŰѴ޼ĸŮٰã첽ӭϸ޷˰űһָѾܽˡ




18.   18    ˺öѪ󡭡

18
, ƣǾǽ

֪ãỹ̲ס˹ȥ
ֻ˳, 񣬽һĶ, úˮÿˡ᲻֪һ, ֻ֪ϵܽ, ̲ס, Ҳ

û仯̲סЦŴȤô, ûɣҼҽÿɣ

˼ϡ
Ȼܽȷпεöࡣ
ҸøϷ밲ˡ˵, ܿ첽Ϸȥˡ

쵲סЦ, ҲϽȥ

޼ĸŮ磬Ϸܼ֧̫̫, ûˡǴ˺Ϸ˱ֽһԵܽһ, ܵ޼á

ֳûС²ǵһˣܽѾϰߣڽϷ, ᵭͷ

ý, ŷܽÿ⣬ϻɢһԵʣ־ǧ֮䵭һ뵽˶Ϊ, Ȣɷոͬʳͬߣ;ĿڹĹͣһ޷֮ڿڵӿ˳
ʱϺӣŵܡܼҸ硣

ܽɫΪ

ȴȻ
Ǵ޷ˣڿܽģ¸ǰûˡֻ˵ܽСڷԭ£һҪңͨ齻ʣҲϧȴû˵ܽһģ˵ͨҲǽһ۷ġǴԼŮ޷ҲģʣԼŮˡοݣܽǰƽΨһĵӣǰƽδ׼ӡ
νĸ￴ŮԽԽϲ˵Ϸ˴ܽдȥʱ޷Ҳû͵ͷӦˡ

ٰԺţŴҪԷȥȴܽкûתͷҪ෴ķȥ

סЩá

ܽͣţɻ󿴹
ǰϷ˽СܽҲһ棬ܽһҲûǳű뿪СԲġ
Ȼ᲻ԲܽںѾңɽѾТ˳ҪΪνĺ濼ǣʵûǸ

ܽ⸱ģһ氲Ĵ֣һܽʹ˸ɫȻŵһȥԷ

£ܽʡ
Ȼѹûյİʾ

Ȼ£
ûĸ˵Ҫ
ֻǸҪ˰
Ҫʱ䳡϶ԣֱô󺰳ܽԴһӣǶֵôˣжɵڻûǼѡδޣ

Ҳܽͦɵġ
뵽Сڷԭ£Ļ򵥣Ҳ٣˲ԭˣɬʣܼҸǻ𣿡

ܽ飬ͷǡ
ʱʱ¡

ᱻܽɴһǡֵͨ죬ġû뵽ôˣܽشû˼ǱĲϲ
Ȼǲϲ
ܽɫȴ¶֮ɫ²

μˣֻɿᣬǰһܽקһߣʲôأˣôҲǼ㶨δޣ̬ȣ룿Ϊ㲻ϲµģ

δޣ
ʲôδޣ˭δޣܽüͷ΢壬ǲĻ㡣

ȻģЩŭˣ˵ﰲŵģҺĸȶԣΪøãѾΪˡ

ܽǺ޲ðѡơֿϵҸûȢףĶﰲţ㣬£ˡ

ۼܽôƮƮѻľתҪߣĻǳѹסˣŭ˻ȥķԭ£ֽƽд㣬Ҳ׶Ϊʦ˵Ըⶼﰲţܽ˵ûȢףˣңˣܼҺʹ޼ңΪ̫գ˵ѾЩˡ

Īǿһ׮£ܽҲŭ⣬ڷԭɵϰȻƽֻᵽΪʦʱһ䣬̽ӻҸûǻ񣬺ƽ˵ҲҲף˭Ҳѡ

˵ѣ
׶ģ
ַŭѹᶼˣΪʦ׿˵ģʱҲڣ׶ˣϷˣҲˣܽ׵ܵܣôһֱںֹ˲Ѿףͷ¶Ϊææ׵ܵܣô
ݺĨᣬ޵Ѿ㶨ˣӦҪסӦҲҪף

ڰƽܽصĵȻϷˡںģȴһֱһĸͬ׽ɼҲûʸɡ
ҲסƽȴҲûٿڣֱתߡ

ܽô󺰡

һߵĴ˰죬֪бᣬѾȷˣǾܽԸȢһ𰸣ͷųܽʱеĻγԱȣȻû֪Ծ˴֮ͥһ㣬޵ݡ
תͷٰܽãԶͺǻؼң

޷Ϸ˵ʱȤ£˵˴Цһ޺Ẕ̌ҪߣʱϵЦûüա

ôˣʲôˣϷҲ

ȴûᣬֻŴ޷˵ߣܽûȢ׵Ĵ㣬ŮҪܼȡ裡

ʲôܣϷ˴󾪣æ׿ڴӦĶﰲţҿõ׼ϱڣûκ˸㣡

䣬ͿӲǰܽק˽һţɿܽˡһ˵ϡ
ĸ޵þǱȴỹ

죬ֱϷĶ˲
˲̧ͷܽô£˵ŲܽڣֵǸǸ

ܽҪͣϷֻܳĬ

ϷǸ㷽˵ʲô̵Ǹ˵㶼Ǻ˵ģѾףڡھͶľδ

ĸܽڿˣȴǵҲȢס

Ǵǰܽô˵Ϸ˻ѹԺȰǹʾװ֮ࡰơʱ˿̣һգϲţʹ޷˶ڵһգܽͻȻ˵ŭûˡ
Ѿˣ˵Ȣⲻǽ˼Һúһպôټޣƴ˲ҪȢȴһյ˵ҪҪȥˣ
Ϸֱָָܽ㡭㵱治Ȣ

ǣİƽǴ޼ˣ𣿡ܼʲôᣬ޷˶ȥˣܼŮֲǼ޲ȥ˻£Цãõúܣߣ

޷ϷæҪˡ

޷ȴѾŴᣬĸŮ첽˳ȥ

Ϸ˼öͷð˺ƫԼʹ׷ֲܽһܽһ˿û⣬ڵֻſޣּŭһĿϲȥҲ²㣬ǰһڣֱֱȥ

ĸףԥҪҪ׷һ׷޼ˣϷ󵹣æҪȥȴ̫żһֱһƨˤڵˡ

ܽϷ˽ѾһסϷˡ
ĸЩҡ

˲ٹҲææϷ˺󣬾͸ϽԸһȥаƽͶˣһȥ̫ҽ

ʱϵѾȴͻȻѪѪС㣬˺öѪ򣬿򣡡




19.   19    һ˲䣬ֻС

19
һǺϷ, һеĺˣӵ£ٰҳһ, Ϣǰ棬˺ͰƽҲ˲д, ǰ潻˶үү, 㼱Ҵ

̫ҽûô, ŵĴȴһʱ䱻ˡֻһ, ںϷˣӦǼŭһʱ˹ȥӦû󰭵ġ˱æԴ, ȥĸףĸ׷

ƫ֧һ̫̫Ļʲôʱ, Ͻгȥĸ

ɲ, Ͻȥɩӣһ̫̫Ҳ, 仹ѵһ죬㻹ĸǰ, ôˣҪǽĸҲܱΣˣȻŸ, ĸˣ

, ܳŵס½ԸȢֻҪֽ, 뷨Ӻʹ޼ڵ˴޼ңҲĸں˽ϡ
οᣬԸȢҲж˵Ρһһشٽ̫̫һ֣̲סʱ¡
ŽϷµѪûѾ˵ôˣϾеУǲСЩֻºӺܱܿס㽭ˣ϶ģȴĵܻܵð
ǣĸУĸ֪Ҳгȥĸ׵ġĸߣ̫ҽӦϾ͵ˣᵢĸġ̫̫˷ֵЩĸƫϽȥ

ȿڵ̫̫ŭˣһΡΡ˳ǰ

һ̫̫Ҳ򣬱СӼҼ˵ĺȥɩӣ

̫̫ǳϾƫ֧ףűǵʱ䣬г˭ҲˡƲסᣬȴŭˣֻҪˡ롱λ̫̫ȥһߣȴһϷסȥˡ

С㣬С˻ȥϷ˰ɣһ˵һѾҡ

̫̫״һͨѵ⡣

΢˲ҲӲȥѳקܽϷߣûѵ̫̫ææپͽתƫȥˡ

ƫʱ޺̵ѩ׵ĺӣϰϣһ۾ͿѾһƬ
ݻǸңԼǰŲ˾û˵ġ֪·СӦòΣɫѩ׶ͷܺĽϣǿƲסĻŷ
ĸף£ûµġǰסϵ֣ûֹסһӿ̫ҽϾ͵ˣһȥͺӶûµģ£
֪ﾹ˺庢ӵζ

ʵûô¡
Ȼ᲻ӣǽ˭Ҳ벻⣬Ѿ߽гѪһ˲䣬ʵǱѵעעΪһӡֻǳͷͷڷȥټ˸
̫̫δѹסǺ˵Ļ϶ˣʵ⣬û뵽ó
Ǹ˴֣ܳϵĺӡ
׽ҲǺ˻£֪㾪ſȥ۷ס֡
û£ġ˸ЦȥĸǱ߰ɣһˣҪġ

ĸףʱ˽Ͼο޵۾Ҫˣҡͷûµģ桭

ҲȥģǹˣԻøЩ֪ǹ˴ĺиһҲ֪һµϷ˲ûд󰭡ڱȴǣ˿ΪֺеļĸĸܲˣиǴ˳ȥǶ׵ģ޵żҲᱻָժοܾϷˣﶼҪиˡ
һúӣϲ̡
ȥɿ֣һѣˣС

ԶԶԣô֪ͨˡ
ĸʱ򣬿϶ϣߡ
ٶ˵æһͷһĨᣬҴȥ˸ţűȥϷˡ
ôˣڸϷ
һĻѵ´ˣĸܲã
ĸôˣæʵ

ȴֻǳʾ𳳡

ٲҳͬʱȴ
ĸиһǲҪˣ

ʱ伫ųһ亹̫̫Ѿ֪˶۵ӸƽͶѾϵ̫ҽҲţɿ֡

ĸˣƽʣ˵Ųȳش𣬼̫ҽˣæ̫ҽϽȥϷ˿̫ҽĸˡ

̫ҽָϷ˰ˣûٿڣ˵һվˡ

һĶΪϷ˵ǣûѾûˣҲûȥƫΪϿ

̫ҽҽãܿͽ԰ƽүصģϷֻһʱŭģϷ򿪸ҩץҩ˷£ֻҪƽЪϢ죬Ȼް

ƽһæл̫ҽ
ַԸܼҴ̫ҽȥҩѣԼתͷվһܽŭʲôҳ

Ϸ£̧ܽűߡ

˿Ĩ˰ᣬҲæϡ

ƽһתƫ֧̫̫Ͷ˶ڳ̧žܽȥӣ
ܽʶ̧ץסȣһûȥ˵ĻҲֻһͣˡ

֣ܽпᣬҴδȢף˲ڹĸһ˵ʱܽ٣ŰƽȴԸеΪ

ƽȣŲˣ

ý͵ѾˣܽԸʲôû˵̧žҪߡ

ƽܳԸ˵ϲӣһ굽ͷǰΣҴδγֶһɮ˴磬ϲҲĥˡǸϷ˺ٵĴϲӣƫܽڽոɳϷ˵¶һ˵ٲ֪νУƽͺ޲ֺݺһӡ
Ҳ֪Сڷԭ£Ϲò˵ǸԸġҲٶˣȻͷӱӴϢҲҪˡ
æˣѴүʵ͸Ҵȣ
䣬ͷӿʮԺȻϵһ̣Ǵ˹ġ

Ǵǳȴˣ̫ҽѾŹܼˣҲӰϻƫأҲ֪ǲȥˣ
Ǳ𡭡

˭Ÿһڣƽתŭɹұ죡дҲܲˣΪ飬㻹ΪԼ󣡡

һŽϣԼҲǡ

죡ƽٴδ

ǡڴʱϢҴҸ˵ˤһӣ˲ڶͷˣôֱ¶һ·ģʱѾһǱˡ
˲Ҳ˲ÿʲôֱܽˣ㣬˵ˤһӣģɿˣôˣ

ֱʱ˵ĸƫ֪ڲڡŰƽҲҪ飬ҪĸˤѪϽס̫ҽĸ׿

ﻹûд
֪һ·ᣬ˿һ˵һ¾ˡҲû룬תͷֱֱƽͷү̫ҽ￴ˣ
ûվһģͺ׵ĶͷƤѪ˳

ƽǿһۣȻſһȥ̫ҽһǰúӣ̫ҽϾͻġ

мĵͷתҴƫȥ

ƽ̧ϣܽתͷһȥʵţҸܽѾˣȢҲȢȢҲȢǽ½д޼ҲԸŮˣȥ޼ſڸҿͷҲҪϱĻ

ܽĬ
ΪѹûѰƽĻȥһ˲䣬ֻѪĶͷͷһ£ôվ˳
нϣĸû£ϺĺӣֻΣǺӱסˣ
ްɣ
ովͿˣ޵ҡ
ܽܵ˾䰢ӷֻȴʶԼħ𣬶ǿ棬ӽϺеĺӡ




20.   20    ү⺢иһ

20
ƽȥƫ, Ҳȥˡ

ܽԺȴû
ʮԺΧ򵽵׹˼ݣûڰƽһ¾ȥˡ

һֱվڽû֨Ķ˳ƫ, Ȼ̧ߵܽǰ, ֻǵĸĸ, һʱ鼱, Բ, ǳĵģǧ£ܽԴ˺޷Ӧ, ֻ̾һԹֿڣȻסȥ, ж, 㲻صġ

ȥæɡܽԾû, ֻô˾䡣

̾һ, תͷҲȥƫ
ȥʱ򣬾ͼ޺Žϵ֣ǣƽۻ, 뱧Žڰο
˽Ų˶, һżı˹ȥ
ɩôˣʵֿһڸĳ, 򣬴ɩͺӶû°ɣ

Ҳ˰ڵ˳˲ûش˵Ļһ˫۾޲ڳϣ˵Ĵ𰸡

һسȴܿ죬ɿ֣һص̫áүҸϽҩȽз˷Կɣ

Կ
ô
ƽ۽ϵĶӣĿȴǰϴĿĺ죬ϣǽϲҰ׵˳Ļ͸һ˿֮
ƽһæȵŸʲôȥȥ

򱻰ƽȵ£Ŵæߡ

̫ҽҲҴҸϵˡ

һγȴûһ߿Լȥˡ

ߣųӰʧͣƫſڣ뵽ҪĸĸǱ߿̫ҽˣƺû֪ΣգΪŵĴôң
ջߣ̫ҽİƽϡ˵ϵȴβ˵иոյѵⳣ򣬳ƺ㶣ƺﲻԣһʱ벻ֻ濴Űƽ

̫ҽôӺͺӶ𣿡̫ҽոսƽͼˡ

̫ҽҲأ˶̥أ̥ҩգǼֹסСţ⺢Ǿܱסպ컹ֹ
Ļû˵˼ԡ

ֹסȻֹסģƽ̫ҽЩȥҩΣҪסҷ˸кӣ

ۿƽôںϺͺӣлɳʧˣֻ¾Ҳ˰ɣ
վ̫ҽ
̫ҽͿܽԺûߵǰû㻹ʲôϸµҪ

ܽûں̬ȣֻʣˣ

֪ʽϣһһȺ챣̥ҩܱܲסӣÿ󡣡˵תԱߵ̫ҽ̫ҽͷһЩһʣĸ⺢ܱסϣ󲻴󣿡

Ľϣ̫ҽҲ˵ʵϷֻĳɰա

ϣͲ
ٶʣתͷݺݵܽһۣԷ̫ҽ̫ҽͷٿЩ

ֻĳɰա
ܽĿ̫ҽԺţתͷ˻ƫķ̧ߡ
ʮԺ̸ϡ

ƫֻƽԽϵں֪ⲻĺȴز³˰ƽûΪˡ
𱾾͹ڵأæתЩǶȣָƽ˸ͷүлллл
л

⺢ӣƽʾһӷȻͶԽϵģӿ϶ûµģ̫ѹѹԺҲã֪𣿡

ͷ
򷽲̫ҽĻЩϣϰƽżģȴһͷֻү⺢иһҲˡ

ƽһæģûһӿ϶û£

ϣ˰ɡ
ô룬Ƭ̺˿үˣȥæɡ

ƽȴҾôˡ
̫ҽ˵ãһߣ⺢ûˡûȻۣ½벻Ҳȥ

ϳ֣𿿽һסŵû£ңôţûµġүҲ¿ǰҪ㡣

ҲȰǰүȥɣɩأһæˣŴɩ׼κµģ

ǰ⿿ȷʵУȥ³Ҳ̫ˡ
ƽڵͷҳջ㡣֣ضԶ˵ãͷˡ

˵ﻰӦõġæ

ƽֿ۽ϣתȥˡ

һߣ̱޺ϡֻȴûЪǿŶԶ˵ãͷˣˡ

˲ͬ⣬ǰеôУүҪ˺㣬ұæҲȹɩģߵˣӶ

ҪƪۣŽϲҰ׵Ѿʪĳ˲òòֱӴûµģҾˡȥæɣŮͶ࣬ĸǱ߻ҪĿôţģǽȥɣ

⺢ӣشҲû󡣡˵һС¶⸮ڶ࣬Щ͵ˣĿһʱҲָɲǽģҲžǡ

ûɿڣö˵ЩԾûϣûµģָɲдءǰкүŵӣҲ֪ϢˣӦϾˡ˵ˣȥæȥɣ˵ţ˶˵־ͽ

һֱĬֿһۣ۾ˣҲֻܲټ֣Уʲôòģ̴ҡ

ӦˣֱѶͳƫ
ˣ˸ͷСѾȥæֻ˽ߡ

ѾԻЩߣס֣ûµģ͸кӣûµġһˣһȥ˳ݹ˰á

ͷӦǡ
ղŶ˵ָɲһô˵ҲΪȻ˶С㣬ȥ˰ãվû˳סˡ˰ȥķԸûôãǡԺٻ
ҽ̧ɣ

Ķͷǰˣԥǵ˵ɡ

û£ȥĨҩͺáˣҪȥģҲȻȥɣ˵ȥˣźү˵ˣȥһ̧˰ãǵͷϺӣҲŴ̫ҽȥҩʱ˵ˣҲȥԷҪǿЩ

һ½˵ƣٰõǰ̫ҽȽϷ˿ģҲ̫ϾղŰƽżæţȻںϵġ
˵ʱ߽Ѿ̧ϵˡûʣһͽϻٰá

һԸϻѼ򵥲ϴ˷źռõı̥ҩƣ۵˯˹ȥųҡ

ڡ
ſ޵Ѿ׵۾Ͱ͵ȹ

㡣ǰס֣㣬лл㡣㡭ðɣ
䲻֪壬·ʲôѾ֪ˡǰֻŽûü룬ʱûˣ͵ˡ
죬ʵκ˶ûѹ

һֱǿţҪºܶ࣬ϷˣǽϣҪܽ˵ᶼΪһֱڣƫ֧̫̫ѵһͨƽһ⣬ûһ˰ο
һʣǿŵ˺˸ӣαװļǿһ¶˸ɸɾ
ãһѱס𣬽ϣˮգ۾Ͱͷʪˡ




21.   21    л֣ܽ

21
ûƺĸı, żͷʪֻǾޱۡѣƺҲûǺö١˻, ƺѵġ

Ϣ, ȴҲֻᡣ, ޹֮, Щ

ֹ˿, һϣȥɾӺˮԶ˽һ, Ӵʪݸ
ȥͷЩĸõ֬㡣ɣԽҪעЩ, ٽ, Ǳ㶼üˡ

ڸŴ󻧵Ůԣκʱ򶼼ΪҪûܾ, 

ʰ׵ʣֻ֪, ô£粻ǴӦɼﰲȢ׵ôͻȻַˣ

쾭ʵ̫ˣܽķ, ûˡҡҡͷ, Ҳ֪˵пᣬû, ҲûȢףѹ˵ɼﰲš

ôᣬΪʦѵ˵ѣѿڵ

ǰΪʦô˵أ
Ϊʦû˵ѣ˵ѵѲǽ
ΪʦԼ׵ܵܣǻѵˣ仹ϡ

ͬʱԷ
ȿڣѵΪʦ˵ˣΪʲôôأ

ĬԣҲ벻ͨĵط
ãȥǰһˡ͵ҧҲڣһȥҽȥ

ãӦ¡

ҪʱȴָĶͷȵȵȣͷ˵أҽ˰ѳȸ㿴ٹȥɣϵþ˲ܣһ鷳ˡ

Ҳǣǰ˲ϣֲܽˣȰ˴ȥҲ١

ֻǿˣʵʽǲ˵Ƥõҩ࣬Ը֮ǰĺһĨ˵ܿͻá

Ĩҩ˴ŸǺˣֽͷϷ˴һС鲼󣬽ͷϡҲǽһЩȰĹеװ磬вȴҲѿ

䷢һ£ƽطֵţܽסȴ壬һ·֮أٿ⹲˰˸ԺﶼЩݡ

վԺſڣ̲סǺĵճء

֣ǽȥɡ
ܽʱڣãҲЩԹġټ⣬Ҳ֣֮ܽܽͬҲޡ

ƽֻǲܽû˵˽ȥû⵽˳ͨĽϷһܽ˱޺ϣףһȷƽ
ĵ׵һ˲ʧӰ٣ܽƽͣЦˣĻ㵹ǵ

ʵ⻰ܽˡ
ٰû񣬱ǲ鲻Ը㿴ƽȥ˼֣ܽʼһҲûȥ
ǵϷ˵壬Ǹȥ˲С鷳бͷϵԺ֮ȥԶ̥ĽΡ
˵Ҳϰ˲͡
㡣¾飬ܽ޺

㻹֪㣡
ܽһ㣬Ǽһᣬƫͷ˵տᣬҰҲˣǻҴ˼ٻãõʱҲڳΪʦ˵ʲôģ

ʵ֮ܽǰΪΪףԹ⴫˼ٻĿľǱû·òӦȢס
ˡ
ܽûĿȴϡһʱ俴ͷȴûϵĿȴһɫķǷڣǲϸ㷢ֲͷˡ

𲢲֪ܽڴֻΪܽǲĻæǣҲڡǽƽѡΪʦŻƽ˵㶼˵ġ

С㣡ƽ̲סСĸԩ޳ɱСİ

ûк㣬Ϊʦô˵ģ˵ڼæ˳·Ա㡣

ƽҪˣС㣬СΪʦСһӣСҲӵҴ

ƽȷûǸӡ

ܽҲš
ô˵ʦ崫˼ٻ
ûʣǿ϶

ԣ˼ٻ˲ϸΪʦˣԽ˼ٻȥ࿴ൽ˴޼ҵĴᣬǸõŮӣѾףϢ綼ȥˡڷڲԸȢǼҳΪЦҲ˵ôԺô죿һһǧС㣬Ҳټ޺˼ˣǲ˼Ұ

ͷ˵öԡ
ܽԸȢԴ˺ȷ

ܽĬ
˼ΪʦΪʲôٻ벻ףȴϸһˣΪʦڱַʽͼ˳վ棬ҪôЭҪôĳҡ
ò˵ⷨݣȴá
֪ܽͬȢףӣôĽŭȫң˳׳ң·ߡϲΪʦַˣЭȻֻܰΪʦҪĽȥ
㣬ΣҶȢס޼СȥǸҲãҲգֻҪģҶԸȥ֮Ҵʽȡ

ܽƽ㵭ȴ侲ģµļˣ

ܽѵõģºһЦ
㣬Щ֪꣬ΪˡεԼеʽȺ۸ʲô£Ҷɽˡ㡭Ҫúõġ
˵Щ
ԥ˷ǷŲΨһĽ㣬ڵô꣬Ψһһܸҽ׽ˣ֤ǹϵҪá㣬պѴʱ뾡һѡ

Ϸ˴вܽû˵ϻɮ£ϴ׵ֱ֣֯㸻ҹӸģ˵֣ذеĻһʱڷԭ³һҪҵ׼ҵˡ
ȫвĽĵܵһԼʲôٲܳڽߣԿ˰æ
ȻһӶûҪæĵطܽƽշ̫󣬿ŵ˲ôֻ࣬űصͷ
ҪܣȻᡣ

л֣ܽظ˸

Ʋס۾ˡ

һߵ޳ˡ

ܽ󣬾ıȥԸƽͿ͡

Ϳͣ
Ѿɿ
޵ɻ

ܽվţ˿δ

㡣Ҳˡ

ܵܡٽһ

ܽڣȴĮĵƽͿͣ

ƽٲҶ㣬Ųߵǰ󣬴С㡣

֪Ҳزˡ
˵Щݻģ죬ȴʲô˵
ֽܹ
˵Щ۹޹ʹ˵֣ȴδֹŸճʮĽССûڱȥԭµһ죬Ҳûˡ
ôǶԼĮǷźúõĺϼ̳ԸҪңСĻ뷨ǻȣʲô
˴ˣҲǵǵߵģ
ųȥˡ

Ҫٰȥ

ãȥĸȥĸ߰ɡ쵽ٰõʱڡһ磬ˣʱȥ͸˵һֱĸźšڣ൱ˡȥܽʱƺС˽

𲻷ϷȷǲڳġͷȥһԷ㷿˹ţʲôҪҪңͲ˵

áӦ




22.   22    үǹңǡ

22
ϷѾˡ
ֻʹ, һӱˣҲһֱĿۡҲһ˺üƵ, ֪¶棬, ᲻ȥ

ʱ, ƫ֧̫̫, һһϷ˵Ĳ, ˣҲûͣڡϷɫѿ³ǡ
ĸŮ˴, ĸ𷣡

Ǹ÷һָ̫̫϶ݺݵ

һ̫̫Ҳɲ׷ˣһ۶, ĸֻè, Ҳ㡭

˵ûУӴϵϷͻȻڣǱдʮŭ

̫̫, æ˫˫

ϷĿǣ˵ĻǲǼҵ¶, ʲôʱֵˣǼҵĺӣһûأôֵܽˣ

ûû, ûСһ̫̫ŵ

ǰǰ, ôҡһ貹

ûоͺãϷ˵Ű˰ֱ֣˵лҺ١ֻҽ£㲻, ˣͿͣ
̫̫ıȥֻʣˣԹûϷ˾һᣬŵҸǰ

첽˹ȥ

ϷĴߣ°ɡ

ˡ

Ϸһ̾£ûУҲһдȥôǶԵģػպҪȥɹ˼ңôҲǰˡ
Ϸϵ뷨ϣЩһʱôȥϡ˵

֪Ϸĵ׻һ˼ֻǵõϷ˵½⣬Ҳõ֧֡˵൱ϵļһ룬ʱɲ١
ͷʵŮТ

Ϸס֣ģ⣺˵ˣǱߵô£˵ЩԽ֡
Ϸûã˺Ͱƽǰæó鲻ֻЩ֪

ѰƽܽգԼΪʦٻ˵ˡܽҵϢ߼Σû˵Ϸʹˣ˼һ֮Σ忸ס

ΪʦȻ˼ٻϷ˳Ϊʲôôʲôô

ҡͷ
Ů벻

벻Ϸȴܿ뵽һܣֻԥ˷ȴûܸȻŮҪȥɹĵطӦ֪լһЩ˽£ֻǲ²Ⲣû֤ݣֱ˵ˣδкúõļ֮ˡ
ǾͱˡˣЩҸ¿ô졣ҲˣǱģҺٵĶҵˣȥϴһ˵һӻóȥ

¶࣬ﻹǵóɹҡϷѣδȻˣĸ٣Ҷֵģ˵һҪȥ˵
ĸװɣ۾û͡˵ֵĵ´˻Ϸˣĸڸоôﻹܣҩû

֪ŮǵԼ壬Ϸûټֻ֣ͷϱŮ޹ȥҲֻһӣѰɣҲûʲôҪ



갲ƽϷ˹٣æҵһˡУԶĶ˺һ˫ŮܺܵΪһֱæ̫ɽһλ˺Ҳ˲ϢǴҴҸٰÿϷˡֱ˹ĹϷ˺󣬲ܻض

үۻˣص﷿Ѱȥˡ˵ҲںԸ˳һ˫ŮԵĲˣĸ˾Ϸ

ϲűѵܵ鼫á
ö˿ң˵дڣֻô㲻ǺŵŮܸɣǺ˺ԵĹ㲻ڣǲŷҾ㲻㣡ȴ㻹Ҫܸɣ

ãϲ˵ܵʧһЦǵȻҵĵܲˣ

ܺҲܺãĸ׺ãЦݺʢ

ܵźˣ˺ֵſڽغˣŴҴܻСȴֻ˵㱻úܲң˶˵һİͽǽϣĸأҾţ˵ĸԺٲƫˡУû뵽ȻɳȢ׵׵˴޼ңϢȥԺȢףҲȢõ˰ɣнϣϲŴеĺϢǶڿأǺӣҿ׼ס
ǹһͻͻͻ˺ܺ붼ûüӦһӵĻ˵ˡ
˵˺ܺ붼æֵزǴ֮ͥ£صֽţѹ˵ģٲˣ

㰡̾һûѵ⡣

ܺȴû뷨ʱҲܻڱ֪ǼҰڣպ˻˭㣿

ܵ죬˵붼ˣ

ܺԣ붼룡

ҿûô֣ܵҧһˤӣɨˣҲˣ

ܵˣܺüúúùܹܣȻԺǻ

ôûúùܣѾþȫˡ
˿Ŷӣû

ҵ
ܺüøʧ̬ˡ

˻ع̻ãһúùġ



ʵܵһĵĺ޲ܰϲü˾ͷôĵĲˣϵ˽еϢ󣬾үδֵ̫硣
ȻүһҲˡ
ڷǰ˷ܵļܵĻĸһ飬ֻͷвͬ͵ķ̫̫ǣڣģã˴ȾȵŮҪáЩ佱δܼ޵ıá

Ҳݺݿ˻ԼŮ
ĩ˲ŵүǣΪǴ޼ֻʸ֦ŮܽҪȢϱؼҼ̳оλģȴû뵽·תԸˣ˴޼ĸŮѿ¾Գɲˣ

û˵ȴЦ⡣
ȥүӲѻˡ
Ǻӣ汣ס𣿡ʵ

סãʡˡ
ܱס˭֪Ů
к˭ܱ֤
СӳɳĿ˭֪᲻Ϲֻۣأ鼫ã㶼
ġֻô˵ЩܣֻúЩѾͷ϶Ŭ˿նȥĸǰТģʱʱ㣬͹ˡ

µͷĵȻá



һ˯źٺһҩһԻѪȴֻһ㣬ҲǰǰЩˡ
һ󣬽Ͽ˵𣬵ȥЪŰɡûȡ¶Ϸֵͷ˵ôˣлǽд㿴

Ѿг򿴹ˣ˵ʱĨҩ࣬վܺá˵ȴԸھߣҵȺү߰ɣ

ЦЦģоѾöˡ

ĸŮ˵˻лһӣʹ˸ƽ밲ˡվһߣƽͷ𴳽ֱ˵˴ߣݶôˣûкһ㣿

ûлӦƽǶȻȥɡ

ƽŷã˵ͷ

ƽˡ

һߣƽֲϣݶõ𣿡

ϿŰƽĵģٰʱô͸һƽȻӦ¶ĺӣҲϣסġ
ҪȻܴϷǳҪߡ
Ǻˣеĺˣȥʱ򣬸©˵
֪Լûʸȥƽȥװ֪ȥƽϲȥ⣬һοܾеڶΣһλ֪ΣһΡ
ûˣϾŰƽֱðƽˣŵүǹңǹҶĺӣ

ȻǶģƽ
֪ô£ţЩ顣

ϵŶһΪ㲻ĺӡǺүȥǰԺ㴫˭Īֻ˵Ϸεˣû˵ҲˤһӣҵͶ̥Ѫ𣿡
Ͼãǰ뷨ˡѾˣ㾡ᣬܻӳĵȻ벻ʱٲᣬƽҲܿӡ
ڶ⺢ӵĴڣǵȺӳܵ𣿾ԼˣҪ뿪ģ뿪֮ǰΪĸףҲνкӹúһ㡣
˵Щ˵кӹúһˣǲ㺦˺û
⴫ϷǺõģȴ©ң֪õĺˣѹϣүã⺢ӣҪġϵ

ƽн˵ĺðһ亹ôû뵽ޱȵĽϣһۿĵ׵ʵ뷨ΪصĹõˣȴû뵽
ǴִһȵСѾߣܲСѾСż£һʱˡƽǴҲҳԼʵ˼ģѾõˣǼ˽ϣϻҪвȻ⣬ϲУ᲻áѾ²Щͺ㣬ݶȥˣڴ֣пԭȴҲģͷһһʹ򲻵ðӣǾ˫ָʮְ壡ݶã㿴ɻУ

ƽѾѻ˵زϱþգֻҪүңкӾУģ㿴Ŵǡ




23.   23    նֱ࣬

23
ҩ, ڴϣڵϳײѪˡ̫ҽ˵⺢Ǳס, ӳǵõ϶𸴺ͽ϶˵Ĳ, ˵ʵ̫Ѱˡ, ƽ˹ȥ

׷, ϱĳıԺ, Ȼʱסƽζ̥ǴҲаƽˡŮбͻ, żЩϻߣٲźƽˣҲ֪òʧ, ΪӲ, ܻ಻

Ĵ㣬Ǻӳ󶥶, ƽͻЩŬǲҪ, ƽǲޣҲǻߡʱ䣬պüˡ

޺û˺֮, ƽҪ, ܴ̾Ŷĺߡ뿪⣬ϰƽΪҲһϣ˽ʮµ˽ÿʮ, һֻʮҲٶʮˡ

ǮںĵطʲôóȥǽСϣʮĶأһӣСլӣⶼеʣ˵غӣȶ룬ټԼӿԹúܿԣŶƽӦҲκѡЩȥòˣȥ˻ߵˣҲһǮ

ϲðƽЩǮӦãƽͼ壬ͼƽǮծӣǸȡ裬ƽס

ϰ³ıЩûߡ
̥ЩǺСһ밲ȴżȥ⣬켸һҲû뿪ߡ
ĸŮ˰ùԼСӣκ¶ûȥעżȥҲֻ֪ܽʹĻѾ׻˰ˡ

һǰĴƴҴ˵ˣȴȥˣٰùţǰȥȰһȰʱͽ϶𾪡

ˣ˭ʵ
úС㣬˭ӣ
ĺúӣҲų

ƿ޵ǡǺү

ү
ƽô
֪ƽûֳǰƣȴҲֻ֪Ůֵˣ˵Ĺﲻ᷸ʲô淸ˣ෣򷣽գôֱִܻ

ȴ뵽ܽ
ǲǺʹүйأʵ

һĨᣬһصͷǣүҪүС£һӣͺݺݳСĺϣѪˣôѣö۰

˵˵ˣǽҲҪȥУҲȥ
˵һʼϣ׽ǴպܽƵĿģôԴ̥죬һСô£ȴҪҪοģҲ֪ͱˡΨһԸ⸶ĵģҲˡ

֪ģæòãˣ֮ǰ̥ǺţСūȥˡ

ԥһ˲ȴǵҽ̧

Ҳ忪ЦӦˡ

ۼĸŮôϣ̲סֿˣֻȴǸжġСЩ̫̫ˣϷƫЩϷ˻Ůأƫ۶٣ȴû뵽ǰһֱûµ·˺С㣬С㾹ôġ
имԷ˽ϵܣһ·СĻڱϣٰãҲźһһҰѽϷ˽ȥ

ٰãĵžͿԺΧһȦˣͷˣͷܿˣд󷿵Ҳڡ

Žϲ߿죬ĸǾ˽Ըɣ

Ϸ˵
Σǰƽڱס
˼ͬʱڣ̬ȴһ¡

ܽԸܽʲôԸ
ɻȴܽǸ˵ҵˡѾ˵ף˳˷ֿ·ߵǰϷǰܽѾȣ˹ͷǾˡ
նֱ࣬ˣ

Ҳˡ
Ȼһ޽֪ܽľ뷨ģǽϣҲǸģҲĳҵģϾǰƽΨһĵӣƽϷ˶
ڣܱʵ
ܽǻûңȴѾ˷

Ͼ˵ÿĶȴϷ˺ͰƽĸӶͬʱ¶ãϷȿڵŶ̥죬ţʲô

ƽüתͷû

ĸסˣתϷһߵΪϷˣ˽һ޺ۣǱ޺ϣҲȷеѪⶼʲô£Ŵ󻧽ųŮȴƽռŮܹıˡһҪˣ֪⣬Աˡ

һǼٻ
ϷҲŮŰһޣҲ֪᲻°̣˳⻰͵£Ǳȥɣ

ȽӦ£СȴᶨĵҲߡƫͷϣмĸ£ЩȥڣҲߡ

Ϸˡ

Զͷأĸȫɣ
ֻһܵܣҲΨһΪܵˡ

͸һֱţҵҪܹãƽŭӣһյغݺ˦һޡ

ϱһܵһ㿪

ȷס

ƽƼˣͷңٿĸŮվһ飬Ž϶ﻹиûϵģʱûʲôңϽһȥ

㲻ѵ⣬̩Ȼ֮ڳȴǻסЩСһܵ磬˽ԳԾŴɴۡ

Ϸ˶⣬ôҪȢϵģǵϽŶðӾȻѾ̬ȣҪǲԼңȢϣʵʲδôֻһ˵Ӧˡ

һ㲻š
ۿƽڽǰС׶ƽŵҪδĵܻܵŮģΪƽȻһϲϲ˼㣬ȴû뵽ƽ̬ȶϲ

ǸС֪ôݣ֪δǰѿ˵ƽȫ˵棬ˡ
Ϊܽ
ˣҲӦɣ
ܵ޴ʼƽԽϵĸ飬ϲĲǱʲô

̩Ȼ֮˵Ҳⰲƽ̬ȣϾһͿ˰ƽҲûµˣƿЦǰһ
ү˵ﻰĸ׵ܲ˵䣬Ѿߵƽǰḧ˸ƽؿڣˣϸӡǷ˴ô÷úý̾ǣӣ˭̺ܽӣ

ǣĸס
˵ƽͷĻ漣˴롣ֿĿ¶۵ĿܽͷĻʧĲˡ
ǰĶŮԼĶŮˡ
ƽЩ飬ΪһϣԶԶûнϺá

ˣкҲܣŮĸ׵ȴùܣɣ괺Ҫޣڼұûˣأ˵ţָ°ƽؿڣȻתߵߣֵ£һȰȰġ

ǸģԲûٹڽСĸס

֣˹һܽ
ûȥǰ̾ĸףүѾˣҲ޲νɡ

Ϸ˴ǿϵģ˼ڱӲӵѵ£治ɫ仰ó˻ŮĴмٲСƽˡŮʵҲǣڷûþʹŶӸļ޵ŮˣǼ

˺Ϸ˿һ
ǰСƽˡ
Ůˣ˵ֵóУһУֻҲܽаƽʲô

үһ˫ȴճڽƲˣḧƽؿڵʱ޲ǸؿڡֻǿϧⱲûˡ

ϣ㿴νϷ˰׸˽ϡҪϻ᲻Ϊ˶ĺӣ˵ýҵĻ
һ֪Ů̥ˣ

ֿܽ˹ͷһɮµֱֱܽ룬Ҫﻹţöܰ
ΪĹϵҲеᣬû𣬿ƽүûøô죬ȽкҲȥú롣

ƽԽûлˣ˽ȵܽȴһӻֿܽվڽŭܽȻҪҪңУһǰȥԭʽңұȥ֣ǽܼȻһģҾͳȫǣǽң飡

ܽǣһƽҲûзӦΪǴ⣬һ˺֮Ӵ˱ͺ޹ϸġ
ƽ˵⻰ȴ̲סŭ⡣

ʲôƽ취
ϷͬնӺҿڣۼܽˣɿصķչҲ˲̽ϣǽڵڤ粻飬Ҳˣˣһˣ

ĸܽδڣѾ̲סˣǸʲôΪʲôҪƽ

Ϸ˵ҾҪֻҪǰųţҺžײҪңãҵҪαĸȥң

ĸĵܽˡ
ֻǸĺӣҪңҪеһΡڵǺã׽ĸˣҪ
ݲʣϵʡ
ʱûҲ뿪һˣԽԶԽá

ȻƽΪĸˡ
˸ʤȯյĿǣܽܽˣߣھͿߣκһ㡣

ܽڶˡ
俴ϷˣֱϷ˻ë󣬲תƽ
㵽ҪΣڣÿﶼ·ź⡣

̲סݿڵүĸףһҪңӦǳڷԭ£Ѿϰϰ߶ɮ¡ǡֻҪڼָүݣͨ˵ʽһʱ䣬ᵽͨӵĺã˵Լ͸ıˡ

ϷЩܽűŵˣǡҲýϵĻ˲ȰƽڣһӦˣԣֻҪڼָүݹһ꣬һûиı⣬ʱҺ㡣

ܽ俴Űƽʣ⻰𣿡

Ŷ񣬰ƽֻĸƢҪըˣûĶӣбҪôңȥţ
ټҪҪװ׽һԼںģôиĶӣ
һɱҰ֮λ㣡ŭ

ǡܽЦһ㶨Ȼʧ
ٲ̧Ŵˡ

ԶıӰԽĵԽΪѹ




24.   24    һ磬ȴܡ

24
ܽˡ
Ϸ˺ͰƽҪ, 仹סԭԺӣźȴ֮ǰֻƽһΪһѾѾĸѾ, Ժӵһʹ, ȵС

ʳûı, ɮȴȫϷ˴ȥĴ, ȫʺϺүݵĽ, ҲȫɽⲼġҲȫûˣʫʸ踳С˵лµĶ, ܿ͵͵⻭

ƽ£ѭϷ˺ͰƽָʾǾڽһ, ܽܵͨĺ, Ӷ׷ҵͷ
Ѿ䷢, Ҳ㲻ʲô

ЩܽȷʵǲСĳڷԭ´ʮ, ʮ죬Ҳʮ¡ʮĶĿȾʮϰߣʮѬ, ٴ, Ҳ̩Ȼ֮
οºһҲûҹ
û׽Ȱ, ҪôҪôӶı仯ʲô

ܽµһ򲻹Ϸ˻ǰƽģԺȥٰ밲ˡǰ̥һתҲӦƽĺԺŮҲСһ밲

ƽְЩֵķΧȹ˶ӭ¡µ͸ˣ¹һѩѾƽأ̲סȻ߶ָķΧ

Ѿһˣܽûаɶ

ϱ仯ȴܴѾµĶˣ˴ѿɣȻӵĸˣһ۱ܿʵʵ·ݡ
·ԽڴԽʢԽСĲҳţϷ밲ƽӲ̤˰ð벽

ˣȴأűƽأžŮǳȥúù棬˽ϲҲãЩ֬ˮҲգȫƾŮԼϲЩȻҲϲڽߣҪ޸ˣպ˸ˣȻںĶࡣ

ɽȴϣȥȻǼ£ôĻţļˣۼ޵˭ʱɿ

ܽ±һֱѻ֪ûܰܽǱƽ׵ģһȥԷϷŶ
˽ȰˣӦˡ
Ȼһʱȥ㣬ĸͬǳ棬һȥɣ

ȷʵھûܰܽһ뵽Ѿ¶ĳҵĵܱܵĸƣ׵ƣ;õ̫ܵˡھҲȷʵж԰ƽĺģʱʲô᲻𾢡
ܾ̾ȴҲûӦ

㣬ȥȥɣֱۣû׽ˣ㲻ȥҲԸͱһ𣬾Ҳȥˡ
㣬ҪˣٲȥԺ˸˾͸ˡйҪТмҪģʱʱŷ㣬ûɿɿ죬պɿ춼ûˡ
㣬ҲҪˣкã͵ң𣿡ΪȰӦνʹˡ

ţͬʱҲ˵㡣
ߵźС󣬵죬Ҳ֪øΧסͷģ

û˵ֻϲ˲䡣

ˣȥȥ𣿡ôæͶ˿ڡ

ڶ˽ȥٰãϷƼҲȥ֪ȰϷҲΪģ˱ĳ˵ͷ
ȥǶȥϲʲôʲôǮЦǺ˵ţһߵĴ֣죬Ҹ׼Ʊȥ

һϷ˺ݳһѪÿﶼһƱŮһֻʮһÿһˡ

ллĸܵ翴Ʊл

ӢһҲСЩԺܸˡ

ллĸ
һ𿪿ڣζȴӵö࣬иимЩζһ£䲻ʽϣհƽʢŭ֮ѿڶǨŭһֱСĹ۲졣һµĹ۲죬ȻҶ϶ѾǳɰƽԽϵĸˡƽȢﲻΪʮϲԺӻΣǹòãİ
Ѿ룬ȽָҪʡûĳޡɵһĸŮܹİ취
ƽϲ֣ܲ
ֻˣԼúǮ

Ϸ˿ûע𣬼ŮӶ˵Ǯ뵽Ժܺ룬뵽ȼδһճŵ£뵽ܽ
֣ȥһǰ棬нҲȥҲǺү̬Ϸ˵Ʊȥϲʲô򡣡

⻰æŵĸضҲ˵ҪȥǲǶҲѽ

Ϸ뵽ܽЩƣ˵⻰Ǵֵ¶Ϸ˱ǵӷƣЦУҲԴȥȥǲҪһҲû

ĸСϷ˸ˣȤİɣ϶ȥǮģҵĿڴٲܵģ

Ϸ˱úǺЦֵȥȥɣҲȥԺȥˣ

ͻȻڣĸҲȥͺá

ϷЦ΢ʣȰȥ

Щ̣̲סʹ˿ѾӦڼˣѲɻܾţ

ϷϵЦûˡ

æ֣ĸȥˡ

Ʋתͷߡ

𶼲ȥϷ˵æϥ˸񣬱æ׷ȥˡ

ֱߵٰõԺſڣֲ׷ϣҪܽƱǿģ̲סС㣬ôˣϷ˺ͺүүڼҲΪ˴үãô񻹹ϷˣϷ۵ľǴүܰ

ɽܡ
죬û

̾Ρ

ֻÿڣ֣ˣȻذɡ

תȥܵ缸Ѿ˴ֻڣܵס֨ȴѾЩţƢҲʯĳҪ˵ĸǿֻСèСҲǿ

С㣬С㣬С㡣

⼸ָűƣ㷴ӦҲûСʱھκͺĴӲٰãʱĸȴҲʵǱ׵ģֱĸ䣬ڶңʵѾͬ뷨Ǿռ޳ȥ޹ϸ
糳ʱûư㣬ã߰ɡ

æӦˣӿ˽Ų

ǻסˣ˶˲СһξˣŷӦܵӢ㲻ɵ˰ɣˣûҵĻ

Ӣҡͷ֪

ܵȴ̲ס¶Цǿû磬ƱøɣǻҪųءȥܶһӡ



Ѿһ·ܽס
ٲǰ壬ԺǰţСӵȴ˳۽ڰʵóԣܵǸģ

ԺţԶԶƼʹѾæţɨԺӵģнģиմСһӵĵġ
һѾߣʲô
Ѿߵǹ𻨸⣡ģүԱģԸЩȥ
Ӿʹߵȥȥ˵үϲ

Щҵȴ㹻ֵģһһ̤㶡

Ҳ⡣
֮ǰԱȣֱط
̲ס㣬ʵϴڼңҲδûкôֵ˵ı䣬Ӷ׷ء

ǣ˿һĻô롣
ѾŬʮ꣬Ѿһܽʱ򣬳ףܽˡ
֪ҲǺģû˵ɨ˵Ļ

˱⴦Ϸʱſһ˵ĹСѾ˵үūæһһҹӾѡ𻨵棬Ĺ𻨸⣬ζɺˣͳһںòã

СѾߵö˵Ļţ˵Ȼмܲסġ

Ȼܽȴмܵס
ֻ֣ˡ

үСѾί̲סҪһ

ûٵܽӦ̧ŽݣȥɣСѾŵûæŶܽƬ̣ŵžռŮǿԳȥ棬ЩϲĶĸ˵һȥ

һˣܽǹͷ
Ȼһ¼ͷˣҲ̾ͱˡڼңҴүŻᴩѣסҴүŻסӣ˿ɶûС
ҲٳΪ㡣
⻰ֻͷӦá

Įˡ
ĮǳֵĶ¶⡣ʵһЩɮˣǲ˵ºͣеĻܰЦܽ˵ǰôһҪҵĴԿոоڣֻʣ¿Įˡ

ܷ㣬ȻҲܣհĿϣͿۿתͷһ̤Ϸ

ۡ
Ҳеܽ
磬ǳȥ㣬Щܽ˵˻Ȼת뿪

ܽȻûظڣһ磬ȴܵĿ˹ȥĿǰѾ𪣬˵ĺۼˡ




25.   25    ˵Ů²ɣ

25
Ѿǰ, Ĳ룬ܽƽںһ˿ߵſʱ˴ܼ, СѾ׷סǡ

ͣ£ĸ߽
, Ҳһȥ𣿡뿪, ܽܿ, ޷, ֻ𿪿ڴк

ǰθ˵ǶȥҲҪȥ, Ҳģֻøš˵ţĿܽתһȦ, ʵȴ, ʣĲ, ʣ, ˵Ҫˣ㿴ҸθǼ𣿡

Ȼ˵ɡ
֪ӣǲԸ, Ҳļƽϡ˵ﻰ, ǿҪͼθһˡ

˻ûڣܼξĸ׵ܹסܽȣ, Һʹһ𡣡

ͲܴΪӦˣЦЦû˵

ܽĮŸСӣȴҲʲô¡û֨Ҳû鿪ȡ

˿ԥƬ̣Ҳ֪뵽ʲôˡһߵʱֻܼεҪԹԵģ硣

ܼѾص˸ǰصͷСģĵģҲᳳġ

һߵſڣͼܵǵûߡ

ʵȻܵһڳڲٵ˳˵ԽҪǸõġŮټÿһѾߣһ˾ʵЩˡ
Ƭ̣Ӣµȥˡ
˵֮䲻̫ܻ䣬ĵʵԸ⣬ֻܵһﲻֻίԼĥĥȥˡ

ӢǶŮƽڸмͣǻػʲô¶˶һ죬ѹ벻䶼Ը˺ûҪڡ

Ҳûܡ
ûǸ⣬ҲΪӢû飬ϹһûԸԸ⡣

µȵĲͷƿҪ˵ʲôԶԶߣĿԽܽͷϡȻЦЦǷҲǵ⣬ЦƶӢ˼̰㣬ʲôû˵ӡ

ˣԼҲ
СƸϣ˸ǰӱȥ˺չ˼θˣҲǿ

ֵϴַȥ˲֪Ļô㷽Ƽ¸𣿡

𷽲ŵǿ˼Ӣû
СϢ˵ǸΪɫģߵĸѾ߶ˣԶء
ûСʻܾŲ⣬˻شЩ䵭

ȴ⣬ԹԵҿǿˣ񣬺ǣǾŽѾ˷ʱڼҲ̳оλΪ̳оλλͷϣҲһ֮ˣô

˵λ֮͸ܿˡ
˵ڻĺӣǰƽģҲʺ˵ʲôοڱϣΨһʸ̳кλܽ׵ܵܡ

ô˵ʲôĿģǲϲˣҲϲһͽŵķĸ˰ˡҪ˵ʵԸ̳ܽкϾܽᡣ
Ѿڼһˣúʲô³ˣ𲻴ת

ʻò
ʲô³̣ʵ

Ȼǳ׸ı뷨³̰˵ĸòһ꣬ۿŶȥһˣٲ³̣ʱɾͰװ˷ˣ

ĬƬ̣ûʲô³̡

⺢ӣһɸֵ۾һתǿ˿ƺСȻֿ˿ŵﵹи³ֻ̣ҪҪˡ

Ѿ׼ܽı⣬˵⶯ˡͷ˵

˾Ц˵Ů²ɣˡ

ʧ
ˣѰĹ

˿֪û뵽ҲǹңֱӵҪ൱˼ҵĹȻܣҷ³ϵŮӣֻǼòѾߡһҪңǲںʳûŮˣ֪Ů˵ĺã˵˺벻Ȼͳ׷ҵ뷨ˡ

Ļ֮˵ٹЩް𶼻ǹң⻰˵ûе˵ˡ
˵ʲôأˡ

ͬ
ûڣתͷ˶Ըˡ

˵ķӦ۵ףԾЦеģʲô㻹ʮСôҲͿǰ˵Щٹ¾͹꣬㶼ʮһˣ͵ʱ򣬼θˡТǰޣûҲ꣬Ҹ˵Щ治֡Ϊ˽ãΪ룬ô˵ЩĻ

ɾѾʮˣòʮİ
⻰Ѿߣ뵽ĸŮںļѣԼˣһҪңû˻˭ܵ
ҧҧĬˡ

˼˵ЩҲҪأҪˣѾͣ޹ȥ͵ץʱСУȴûź԰ǳɹѾȣԼǰѾͷȥϾĻ󡣡
˵⻰˿ơ
λεдţôƾͲ

ʵϵǰźʱ䲢ãΪһźѾߣʮѾųȥˡĴƣʵϲֻʮߣˣҲõ͡
Ʋûиδү뷨ӵҲǿˣС㣬ūûǸ˼ūֻܵͱСӣԺǰС

˲ˣѵѾͷСѲɲˣô͡

ŭˣĴˣҵ£Ͳͷˣ
˰Ѵƣû£

ллС㡣˽

ô飬ҲƢԣһתͷͣڷϴֱʱ˵һܼκˡ

ΨһοˣôãûأôԸԺЩ£˼㣬ҲûǺĻǶ⣬ء

Ҳ˰㲻Ŵ󻧵ķˣǰĻҲûŹ˵Щ𻰵ġҲӦõǰ˽˵ͷ˵˵ġǺģ㲻Ƕ⣬ҲǶ硣
㣬Щˡ³ȰѵóǿĵĹ

šͷ̿Щ¶

˽һ֬ˮ۵ӣܽȴֻվ·ߣʲôûȤǳţҲûҪʲô

û˷֣ѾСһγܽǱ߿ȥӣûȥǻܽȥˡ
үҪҪȿڲ裿ܽǰСʡ

áܽû

СҲ⣬ū澣ܽ𽵹أǰүǰյĶʧˣ̫ʧܵϢлҲδ˼뿴Ǵү˷ҲȻúء
ŨڵüͦıԱĴ򥡣С˺󼸲šӢĴүŮˣô
벻ҵͷ
ԼɾǴ󹦳ˣ
ֻ̫ҲǸйģպ̽ҲھץסүŴү벻ʱУһӾ治ˣǰСǰźͦãޱȻȣͿһ¶ӵǮˡֻȥүǰźȴǸ⡣




26.   26    𣺡Ҵ粻ϲ

26
һ, ƺΪ˷йջķᡣ

ֿտ, ǡ
ڰƽӲ̣öҲù, ˱ʲôû, ҲҪô, ҪôúԼ, ҪôԼѾƵĲظЩһһ˵Ҳûֻǲ뻨Ǯ
÷, ȴһأҪܽȥϴõĵ¥ܽνʲôνȥ, ˬ, Ȥ˵Ҫݳһ١
ܽڣСʵʱ, Ҫȫزˡ

˵, СǺãλϢСȥг׼

ȵȡסתͷܽ, ûʲôԵģ͵, һ᲻Ƶá

ܽŲ裬۾ڱᵴϣûС

˿, ĵʱٴһ٣Ǳ˫Ŀġһ࣬Ҳ㳹׽ܽڼһˡ
ãǳԺþС
˼ܽԻѾܿҪٿٷҲˡ

ԼѾĵȷٹˡ
šͷӦˡ

¥ϴõľ¥Ҳŵǰģ˱ֻһزˣҲɫζȫԵĶ㡣

ܽһ׷Ҳֻǰһһ̶ǣԵ˹Ե˹˹ġ

Сվ࣬Ҫ˶ûҵᡣ

СⷴΪȴע⣬˳Է϶㼸ηĿȥ

ܽţСվܽ࣬ܽǿСҪ̧ͷ濴Сעܽûֻ֣ܽԷûȥעҲȻܸоڿ

Ϊʲôһٷοﲻ
ܽԷĶˡ
Ȼ˼һûﲻԡ
һҪ˵ǾĹͷʵѾڿˣŴ磬һҹӸģƫƫȴǹͷҲ֪˶档
ںЩ˵ĺ޹ؽҪˣǴ֮ʲôҪ

𡭡
֪ܽԽԽġ
Ϊ̫򵥣ҲΪδӴңܽ룬˱ֻ֣˼ҪԲȥˡ

үҪҪǵ嶹ܽûٶ꣬Сҵ˻ᡣ

͵̧ͷĿֱֱС

Сȴûڿܽش

嶹ڿߣδС̫˿Լ嶹͵ܽǰ
𣿸㡣

ܽû뵽͵һŵ¥ĲһԳЩʮֲߣѲ͹ȥӱҪǰ㣬̧ܽͷһÿŮ̷ɫµ½ڡ
̷ۺѩ׽֯ʱûа˵ʱ½ھ뵽»ʲôܽ͵תͷܿ۾
أҲԼûĽ

ŲҪҪأֻΪСе˼ϾСѾߣѾϲ̨£˼Ҷ˵Ҳòȥο˱˽ֹٳ£֪Ҫ˵Ķء
ûֱܽӷԸСѲ˽ˣŵǰ

С֪𿴳˼ȻܽôЩ⣬̽˲ˡֻ׼ܽǰʱ򣬹ǰ벽бӣûܽŲ

ȴû뵽ܽһˡ
úˡôһ䣬̧žߡ

СбŵĶգŲֱſϣһ嶹ֱֱڲģòǱ

ˣױЩô
̫ˡ

СæЦû£뵱ȻˣܲԡСȥѰ˵ңҸطʰ°ɡСȥˣ㣬ܲܽгȰСͻȥ

һѾ³׹ˣȻԸΪ˸Ѿǰȥ˵ͷԸƵƣȥ˵һ

Ӧ³ȥ
˵úüСӵ¥Ժְ˽С˵Ȼȥ

ͺ嶹һȥԺˮ˷ҲԸо塣οѶѾˣȷʵʡ
ãȥˣ鷳ҸС˵һСӦˣ̧ߣߵǰһֻŶȥˣ֪뵽ʲôȴ£תվŵܽȥˡ

СҪʲô
ʶ̧׷

СվܽǰүСūȻȥҪҪһȥˣ
СĺܺãѾߣƽ£ٲлӴܽǲӴͲܽģȴǸûᣬܽӦˣлӴøոѾܵɣǰ½³Щ
δķ羰˵˻ϲأ
뵽С

ܽ䲻ϲ䣬ȻӦˣûٷڽϷ˵ĵѹûС

ƽӵ˼ͷĻֵòãүȥ
ܽƽȴǰСʹһأԷʱʵվСܵү༷ڻ
һٶʲô˼ֺͷ
ֻϻرĴˣҲ˵
ȴĥСԼ˼СģӦòС⣬СϲүôóС
ǾСԸıˡ
Ҳүǰźģ¹һȶȻȣĸûͷֻϧҲ룬үβ

ƽˣСίĲУܽûгһֻۣܷת

ҲˣСתҲתһ¥һ˵Ļĥǲûδү˼СȴԴү˼ˡ

ܽԷ;ˣֽˣ˳ԵñĲų
һɹ
ֻʣһĨͣԻȥʱѽϷ˸һˣԸҲȥһ
Ǯǽġ

ֿտա

СȥԲٻǰ棬ƺƽﶼ˶ںͷ

ܽһ
ţۼƲֱΪڵ˸߲ҵģ˼㵢һʱ䣬ҲȻѾԼĳˣϣΨһĽܲѹܿĵĵųޣ˺Ҹֵĺӡ

ֻ
ôණʼȴֿտգﲻ˼ԭѵŮӶϲ
ֻߣʲôбʲôԭ
棬ǰͷ𶼻ͷҲ²ŵ£⡣

ͣڽֱߣ˺ܿ͵ˡ
ֻĶʵ̫࣬Աûܵһʱϳǿ˰žСĵطѶװ꣬Ӱ쵽ǳ

ʱģϿȥ
ŵôṦѾȫˣֵԵ½˵ƣϴϵƺȰʢߵĶ󣬴ǰɳ棬ȴδַطЩɾЩܿ
Ϊϳӭӷ߳һŮУǸŮйһ֮ԵѦ˿̣Ż˼ѦУȴδⶼ̫׽ˡ

Ҳ˹ȥ
ʱ¶ϼЩҸ磬Ѧá

ѦԼҲ뿴˹Ѧȹһ·СܣҲ¶Ц
㣬ɰѦסֱۣǵĵ

ǰҲ𣿡һߵֺЦţᡣ

أҺʹˣҪȥءѦϧ֪ҲҾͺһˣһˣ

Ц´һ𡣡

ţѦӦˣտһ㣬ȵСҲء

ЦѦС㡣

ֺ͵ܵǰк
ǵĽֿһľޣ̬ȴ䵭룬С㡣

ӻõö࣬ǽɩߵ˺󣬱ֵĽ´˻أû뵽ƯС㣬Ҳͷһؼǿˣ

磬ǣ˾߲ˣѦЦ

ܣȴԴѵ˵˵ܵܡ

Ѧͷӵ㣬㿴磬ϹŰ忪Цܹ

ѦһһֵˣȴȻŰ˵СɾЦˡ

Ѧ죬ߵúúãҲ㣬þˣ

ЦˣæѽһٲҿôǺã

ŶֻļǵءѦ

ֺЦƬ̣Ŀ䵽ܽϣͷͣһ˲Ȼĵ

ֻܽԵͷӦ

⸱̬ȣֻûûǰк

Ѧ֣ѦŸȥˣ˵ѵԾСԵٹҹٻȥ

ߣԲȻء

ܽҲܰŮ棬˱ԶԶ׺ˡ

Ѧǰ棬ûǰգ󼸲࣬СǰɹҹУ

ԼѾˣμһ𣬶̬롣
ɰͰ͵֣˵ǰ˵û

ƯĹЩȨģͶܿݣ˿ں̬ȣָǰͷҵǳһƬǳ˽⣬СǲĴ䣿ʱ仹磬һȦҲ١

ˣллܾĸɴѸ١
˻伴ûҲȻܵƺˡ֪̬ˡȻ޺ҲȴҪ޽ҵġ
Ϊֻܽ͡ôͣ
Ųһ٣תָ󼸲ܽҴ粻ϲ䣬Ҫ

ֻмľ룬ܽĿ˵Ȼ⻰
΢ͣ½Ų

ƽܽһȴҲ⻰һԼͣ˽ţǰСָ̬棬˶ˡ
ôŶѵСӽүСģ
Ǵһ˶




27.   27    ܽ˵˵

27
ƽһ, Ȼû˻ע
ݺͿ˼ֻһ֪

˵ܽ, ȷʵǷǳˡ
ʵܽûʲôԹ, ޷ΪҲĶ, ܽ׾õ, ܽƫƫϡԸ⡣
һĽ˺޵̬
Ϊү̫ƽ, ĺƫƫܽˣǸöãǰʱҲܽǲǼߣ˵ܽѾ˷, ƼҲ֪ܽĲϡԸ⣬Ǽߡܽͬʱ, ҲļΪܽӾλ, Ǽ߸Щ
ƫƫΪܽ, ܾ
ܽεºܣƾʲôʲôƫ
㵱Ҫû, ֱʵ

̫գ̬ȱȻ

һˣõ㣿Ц

о, , ܽҲе⡣һ粻ǰ׽еģܽҲļˣοĵܵܡ
һ̵ǳ, ҲһҴ磡

΢΢ۡ
ǵһμ𣬵ȴ֪ġףﳤ̸ʱһ䣬˵޷ǰƽȢ˸ˮܲüįңҴ˸ŮҲʲôõġ
˼𣬿ò˹˼û뵽ôʶ̧٣
ǸӲųƺһС㣬浱ԼǺСˣһ˦ӣֱӾͶ¾䡰ʶ̧١ת󲽾ߡ


Ȼ
Ҳʲô
һֻ̾ܵǱ˦ˡȻܽƣȻҪӣվûȺܽ׷

ͷʱ򣬾ͿѾȵܽм˶ξ룬ʱҲδۼ˲Уյúݺһ
Ǹͺ¿ʲô
ҲǸɵģ
׳һˣ

ƽҲڵǸүһӵһڶ̬бȥۼҹүǰ԰ڰҿҲң۸СˣʲôүС۾͸ýѵѵ
ƽԼҪҵģϾСΪǼӲžܾκȥС㡣
ߵ˵һ𻰣תͷһɫģûС
ƽһ̾Сţ
ϲʲô˲ãϲԼģ
ͬ飬ȻˣûʸҲϲ˵ҲΪ𳤵úãƽԾˡ
С㣬£ҴĹӣճǼҹүǰַԵģֻһӺ͹ү˵һС

ԭ
ճûϵպˣҲûټˡ
ͷû£Ҳûҡ

ƽɿСǺƢ

ʧЦƽӴĻ᲻࣬һ֪Ǹ˼ģڶΡ˵ЩܽϲʲôĻҲԼϹĥģϾܽûҪȢס
һˣȻеɰ
ɰһˣȴ̫ˡ
ҪƽӣקʣܽĵˣǲǺܱûš

ţƽˣܿܽԸ𲢼Уȴʼնûڡ

۷һĻæһ·СӭСȥˣүƽֶӣСģū˵˵

ллˡ

ҹУ˵ܸ򵼣һغ󣬼ǰͷԶͷܽƽҲ˼ŸͽϵĺãԥţС㣬о仰ū澲֪òø˵

û£˵
Ĺϵƺ׺͡

ҧҧĥ˷ǲŵС㣬˵ЩҲ֪Сǲȥˣظʱ򣬻ȥʴүҪҪһ𡣡˵ţֲҲūˣūͷ˵ĺãǣӵĻǰ֪ıȽϺá

Ҳˡ
ȣֱ޲ھͻȥСǿһע۲쿴ģǲǣƣлл㡣

û˿ЦС㣬ÿūӦġ

Сǳûˣټ緹õҲȽ϶࣬ѦѾ߹˵Ҫһȥʱˡ
ͷȥҴ˵һһͲȥˡҪٹ䣬˳ЩСԾͺáô˵ţ뵽ûźдƣƣȥǰɣҲû¡

ȴҡͷЦãйүء

ѦѾҲЦǰūأźܴСġ

ǵá
֮ǰֺѦƺ̫׽ӦԼˣǱǱã˵Ѧҳģ׽ЩҲϾҲ׽вԣҲø˶׽
ЦͷŴǰȥ

ȥѦѾǰĸܽһ񣬵ܴүһȥ⽰ɣܴС˵õĲࡣ

ܽʹԶЩıӰûӦ

ƽˣԼ˵ǵС㰲Σ¼æˣǴүһ˵

ƽô˵СѾûپͷˡ

ҲûȥңԶЩ̫ȫŴȥԵСӱߣѰ˸ʯˣˮʱ䡣
˰ΣͻȻʻһһҪдƿȴû뵽һתͷܽ
ô

ˣСүǸġ

ҲСأǴһǵ˶ûУ𣿡

Цүƽȥˡ

Ǿͺá
ˣϸܽΪʲôԭҲ򵥣޷һԸӦˣСңͳô㣬
ܽģԲܲܡ
οʱָ֣ܽ˽ֶ磬ȥǱ߿

ֶܽ濴ۣס

˴ƹȥձձȥˮҪˮ
磬ձˮһɣձˮ͵ܽǰ

ܽȷʵˡ
ǳҲһҪԷοĿͣ˳Եһʱ䲢ûܾͷһĶͷ΢΢ŵۣ״˵ĺ촽һߣܸܵõʶͺһͣӦʱѾֱ˿󲽡
أӲĴҴҶ̧֣ţֱ߿ʮͣ¡

ЩΡ
ͬʱҲЩգǺˮ޲ɣ
㡣
ܽƽ˶µ䵭ȴܽͻȻЫΪûȥôԭðѳԵĶ˵ԱԼˡ
һҲձˮֱŵĻȥ·νгһЩΪ̫̫ߣ̲ס³

ãǺαءǵЦֹͣס˵⻰Цˣԣ㶪˱ǣڳԸ

ǲһʱ
û˵ֻǶ˷ѡ
˵꣬ƺΪ᲻öԳţˣԽ˵ˡ

ⶪˣصһҴҸ˵̫ȥ˰ãȹӳҹɫһ·ܻԷ

Ц˻أܽһȥһҲǺģôĮ

ܽ˵˵
һ𣬾ͺӱһĻƵá
š˱ֻôܵ

￴ķܣܵκۣҲ˵ʲôԵ




28.   28    СҰɡ

28
صԷ, С̹źһжλһ汧Թūһ·ܻ, õˮϴ裬͵ôӹ, ͷѾˡūڼҴһ, ֪ǰûʹҲ޿κΡС, ǳ, ɵø˵һú÷һزУ

û˵
λжγɢ, תС

ôʱĳĬСѾЩ, ٿ, Ҳ¶˼СС㡣

ȥʹүʹ
û, ֱӰѻˡ

йܽ, Сŵͨһ˵ϡ̫ϥǣŷӦԼϵ̫ˡ

֪С˼û¼ֱӹ, ˡȥɣСڱǰ, һ磬һȥ˵ȥĵض

СԹţû顣
ĬƬ̺, С㣬ūźһûйҲп͵ķϣܸܲ˵ū澵ȥүǰź򣿡

һãС⻰ûסЦˡƽ̫˵СеҪ
ûйҲп͡ظ˱⻰СԭźӣҪ۹ۿ͵𣿡

Ȼǡ
ʶԼ˵ˣСܿĿڣС㣬ūźôõķϣкãūһѰɣūԸɣūһӲĶģ𲻴ӦСĬһ˲ַɿ뵽µɣܿҪˣ޳ȥ˺δСүССǷ˱ϲǣܾûһʱ֪о仰ǧպãްպ죬һշ˲ٵó裬ڸиܰһѣҲͦ𣿡

ò˵С˵ĺеѾػɰƽԽϸʱ򡣵ˣҲܴӦһ±ǲܽҲõõô𲢲ССܽ˽⣬СôʵЩ̫û֪֮ˡ
С۾ȴͷİҰĺšȻܾˣСҲԼ뷨ܽǰȥ
ҿǿǡô˵
ֻСǿС֪ܽ£СܽʹʲôֶΡˣǰͷȴû˵Ǿˡ
Ҹ𸴡

СæͷϲллС㣡ллС㣡

һ磬ǱԲС밲Ϸ˴ȴһСѾ˵ϷѾˡ
˼ԣǴҿԼȥ밲ˡ

Сٳ˯ţЩٰСѾߵĴ˵ĵˣױ綼ǼҴңһ·СŸȥٰá
ʱѾˣǡܽҲŵ
ٰſ·꣬Ǵǰܽʲô̬ȣ𶼻֪ͣ½ˣȻܽߡڣʶСȻ˵̧žͿܽһٰԺš

Сǲĸܽһ񣬽ү

ܽĿֱǰ֪ǿٰõϷǿıӰûС밲㣬̧ŽԺš

ƽԼӣС˰֡
ɵ⣬û¶״ˡ

Ϸֽƽ붼ˡæϷ񣬸һ֣첽ߵȥˡ

Ϸ˿ȦŮŮǴǰնģܺҲڡǰԺ˼٣ǰֻҪڼң밲ǾȱϯġǺߣȼ¸밲ɹһȴû뵽Ҳˡ
Ϸ⣬һ̧ͷƼһɫ֯۵ܽţȻǹͷʵڰۣ磬վˣҲûôӰ顣
ǳȥЩʲôöÿɻģЦʵ

ܵߴߴ˵һͨ
ܺҲȤӢʾϲĶ

ϷĸˣܽҲ֪Ȼ˵ʲôҲûʲôҲû棬ǱԽĿϡʱȴʵ𣺡ʲôĵĶ

ʲôû˱ҳԵ˺óԵձȵ˺úȵˮϴֵҹУǷ

һ˵Ϸ˺Ʊ˼ֻ㣬̾ŵǣϴֵҹУҴǰҲˡձҵûԹӶ棬ȴһŵˮúȡ

ҲɣȵľŵˮȵһǺúȣһҲУ룬Ǿǲţǳˡ

ĸϲǽų̯ȥһ𿪿ڣ¾һТ˳

Ϸ˿һۣŷǰ¸ԭµΪйᣬΪбʾʵֻΪ˱ܽףϷﲻ֪ΪвҵȴҲȻǱǮ˵ġҪȻӦһʱϵѷ˽СŶԡ
жŮϷ٣£Ҳǽ˷ѡǨŭƵܽԸڼңúүһ꣬Ϸ˶ǿûµģܻǨŭ
Т˳Ϸ̲סˡ
Ц⺢ӣĸֲСˣϲʲôҪʲôҪȥһˣ㰡ģպʹδϱȥǣ

ϱҪҲҪĸȥµĸǾô˵ˣҾȥһŵˮ

ѽѽϷεҡͷȴû˵ܾĻЦһغأ򵽳ĵĶ

ˣ˺ЩءЦ
Եģ飬̬ȴ롣

ϷҲϷ׽˵˴Ǻ˽ġϷвܽʱԼܴδ˽ĸϷ˶ȴʼΪ˽⣬ֻʱ̬ȵı仯̫̫¡
̫̫µŮϷԾѾһܸˣŮԲмҲЩˡ
ûʲôһ֣ˣǶ°ɡ

˳ٰá

һˡ

ܺͣţܵӢûżߡ
磬˵ǶȥˡԺûüϻأȥǶңڼ£ͬһȥԺκΣסܽܺ˵ĳϿҡ

ֱܾܽӣ¡
䲻ܺٿڣƹˡ

ƽԼӵε۽ֺͷҴҳܺһæ׷ȥˡ̲߱סС죺үҲǣ֪δζᱻܣΪʲôδβĵʣ

磡ܵΪܺ벻ƽ

ܺ벻ֻεʼ磺绹ӣǴӦڼңҲӦҳȥʡ˵Ŷ˶٣ƺ˼˷̫żˣӦٵȵȡϹ꣬Ԫͻƣд̤࣬еǻᡣ

ܺĺãмһЦȴǵˣȥɣҾͳңҲˡ

㣡ܺҲͬô룡

ߵǰļ磬ллһֱĲˣˣҶ˵ĺá

ܺƺŵˣ¶ʹɴ㡭

ЦЦ̧ˡ

ҴҶܺһͷ׷ȥ
㣬Ҫ˵

ܺ붨˲ԶıӰ

磡ֱۣܵСȴڼֻǰЩӱˣû˵ʲô

ܺ뾯Ŀһۣɫʹȥ

ܵ죬תͷӢ֣˵ãߣ

áӢӦˡ
ȴ룬ѵҪ
Ĳ̳оλǾλ䵽˭ϣǶ磬´ĸδĺӣֻߡ磿



ȥԷһһʮС¶˵ˡĩ˵ȥŸ²£߲Ǳ㿴ǲǴע£Ļб뷨

û˵

Ƭ̣ʣ㣬ôˣ

ȻҾãҲıעˣֳɵСڣԥҪҪһԡ¶ᣬСģ䲻̫μ⣬£ȴá˵ǽŮܾ벻ˣûо飬˵ģӦòǼٻɣ

Ҳ֪
ҹܽıЫҾãӦòŮ˵Ҫ벻ˣǵ˽С

С϶С
ɽ׻ϲʲôĹأ
һİ壺ãСҰɣ취ʦܳ벻ɣһŬˡ




29.   29    ԺΣֻܿ硭

29
ҪС, ߾ȱˣԸԸĶѾ߰¶

¶ûй, úܰף˼òһ, ҲˮˡĳǸ, ûлֵķ, ޸Ĺ, ͷĹܼȴ¡Ǹ𣬾檣ҲֻǸС˵檡ǲ, ڽܼӣǻȲڹʹӡ

ֱ̬ӣ¶㵱Ը⵽, ǲԸ, ˵

¶ЦСģūԸźġ

Ҫ޸ǲ˵¡
ʵ˵, ҺҾ˾˼ҵıлԼһТ, Ҫ޹ȥˡұֻǸСˣҲȨҲԸ⣿

棡¶Ȼūô˵ܻūûϢūôСǰܸ̫, Ժ˳ɹ, Ǳߵܸ˴ūģεͷ̫ˡԭū澻ĵҲβ˼, һ˵ͱүлԼū澾ͷˡȨҲС˵Ļߵ˱ȻͲ࣬ūֻҪŬܳΪõˡ˿ܻūźɵū澴أū澾Ҹūŵġ

Ըͺá
Ը⣬ܱС;е˼

˰¶СһȴѾߵȡӴˣƽް¶Сߣȴ˸д¶ĴѾߡ

¶ߣܿͽСǰеĻıСáСȴû̳ܽߣͳȥѧϰһѧѧ꣬ʮĻƣһ۽µףתůĻڽ˵ʱ

Сظĵһʱ䣬ʹˣʱ㽭СӤѡѾ࣬ĸŮģֶδĺע̫మ⣬Աһһ

ٹ¾ҪȴѾˣһһңͿȥɣ

ŽԲĶӣĶˡæСЩܲǱ˰ɡ

ŶӣЩƣ۵ĵܲԽٽԽҪʵܺ˵̾Ҳ֣ǰʱҪ˶Ҳûô󰡣˵ǻԵĲЩҲڿƣôȵʱˡ

ЩǲﲻԣҪɣ򿴲ĻȻү̫ҽ

Ӧû£ܳܺȣӶҲ죬ЩҲûĲ϶£ԥŵˣӦû£ܾպãԲųôһЩɣ

ӴҲɣ
Ȼ⿴࣬Ҳµˡϲ̫ҽһԥͰһֱĲ²ʳ˿ڣºү𣿻á˵ˣҲ᲻Ӧ

̽дЩ϶˽ˣһţϾʹЩ㡢˵ʲôأүô᲻ˣΣΣظ¶أ˭˵Ǻãô롣

Ӵ˵ƽȷܺãϸ΢ǰ˵ʶ̧٣ԼŹµ̧žߡ
ݼڶİ
֮ͥµ˵Ҳİɣ

ǲһãֻĵҲǺܽĺӰɣ޷ǶﻹʣӲˡӾˣԺôˣδĵܻܵãкӹ

ûзϵĻԷȥ·ϣԺȴиϵظ⡣
δĵܻܵãкӹ
Ȼûȥ𰸣ʵҲ֪ûеңԼ޳ȥҲﲻʲôæﲻܳ裬͵ܻܵñֻ۸ķݡ

Ȳ˵׵壬ϻص¶û˽¶ԸŨص񣬱ʾֻȱٻˡȥ¾ͿʼԾһλϣǷˮǴߣ˾氭ˣ

ڿױ˸ƵСҪˡСܽı⣬Ժ̳ܽкܺլֻҪڣҲùܶ࣡

ã棿ȻҲܸˣվȽţָСˡ

棡
СԴźͳһѾ߷Σȴѳͳͳ¶˹ĶͷվһһĨǡôЦҲǰѾʱĺۼֻá

С㡣Сڣ̶£ˣūС밲

̲סС˺ö࣡

СһЦ̶΢΢ü˵ʶʱΪ֮һ䡣
ǱƯū澶лС佱˵ʱ΢΢ЦոջǸõլŹ㣬ҡһ䣬ͬʱ˹ӡ

ŮӣҲէȻıЩ񡣳˷̫⣬ҲΪ
ⲻòϵʣ˵̶ʱ䣬Сչһãһ޻ˡͬʱһϣܺԵ

򱻾޾ȵ˵Сһգ΢ͷС̧ۿһίȴƫƫǿŵģС㣬ôū澣ūūĲãū澸¿ͷū澵ΪūӲֵġ˵Ѿ£Ҳ˲˵档

̫ˣ𾪵±˵Ҳʱ˵ˡ

ˣɡѾʶһص𾪣סˡС𣺡ã㿴Сģ᲻ϲ

һԼ
ӦûɣСһ˼ֱˣϲһֻҪߴһǡϴϲͰɣ

Ҳôá
֮ǰȻС˳ȥʵϲûʲôϣڿСĸı䣬ñӶҪϲˣŮӷ漸ûСʶ˵Сܵõ
ңھͰСȥ˷ܵ

ȻҲȥܽķӦСѾߣ뵽ȥΣȻٺҲֻܱš 

ٶȺܿ죬һӹͻˡ
ûҰ˽ƽˡ˵ţ̾˿ٹҾҪˣΣǵ˲ˡ

Ѿ㹻ˡҪޣͱ£ɷɣ޹ȥǳɹ̣оˡȰ

ͷ
ѾȫˣԺΣֻܿ컯ˡ




30.   30    һֱһģ˲ᡭ

30
ޡ
ǼŮ, һٷΪɾŸ޶ɪҸһ

Ůǻ, ɾض˺Ҳι󲿷Ůǰ, Ầ»̿, Ѿ, нöѾΪĸ, ЩȴȫˡȻжԼ˵Ĳᵣǣڼ޸֣ȴֻˡֵ, ɹĴ̣뾡ӣӵĸס

պýöѳ, ѦסҳǰϦҲʺ, ǻ±ֻܶ˵ã˵, ǲǶϲСְ󷽣欽, Գ˵ģŮӣҶС̶ʱǼ״̬Ȥϲ

Ӧûϲеһְɣ
ǸδĵĹ, Լûʵ, Ĳֻյĵ
һֱҵһֱϲԣҾϲӦֻһְɣ

һֱһģ, ˲
ɻͻȻʵãϲʲôǰҲһֱһģ𣿡

ڱǰ
뵽һμǹǰٺԭΪʮҪһȥͻƵģûȻὭ˱˼ʵΪ˽°˶׺󣬽˼ˡȻҲΪȥûһ֪꣬һ˾һԲȥ棬û
˵ģ⣬ж
ܼһķŮӶԣˡ
ѵõģȻȻ¶˸Ц˼˷ĩȴЩãȻĵӦʲôϲʲôɡǰľҲвʱȥʹĹǰûڣǱʵģҡϲģҵʵ

Ĳȷ⻰ȴҫʲôûܱôϲϲǽĽʵϲ
˹ˣ𣬱ҫˣȻҪˣ˵ţѾ̲ס𼸴ЦһŵҸ㲻һȻ֪Ҹϲңǰһֱľ󷽵ģ֪˽ҲСƢСҲ֪᲻ӷأ

ģ㣬ô࣬ôãһررϲ㣡˵նΪĺܺúܺãֵõİͶԴ

죬𣡡ıǼ⣬ҲһϲҴҺã˼ң˲檵СҵͲ˵ˣԺҲмãҲһһ˵¸ĸͨѾߣЩҲһͨѾߡԣҸֻҪֵܼһ檻ͨ˵Ѿܺúܺˡ

Ҫǲ̫Щ
ͬϾָŴ󻧣Ӵ˲ʱ䣬Ҳն˵ʲô
㣬Ͼ͵Ĵϲ֮ˣЩˡĲ˵Ǵ߻ɸɾѾ˶ǿѾ֤ںˡ԰㵣ĵЩҲѹͲᷢЩΪԼԼ𣿡ûϾҪޣЩĵģһտŵȵģҪ޸õĴˣǶôֵø˵°

ȾڲЩĵģŵԣҸǼõģҲΪ˻û£ĵ׸죬˵˵ģЩ¸Ͳᷢ˵ᷢҲѧСϲľ󷽵Ҿľ󷽣ϲ欽ĵģҾѧô欽ģǶϲҾһľ󷽣һ欽Ĺ˵Ը̲סЦ

ҲЦȴĻҲһЦһ󣬵㣬ĿԿǿǣڳǰСѧѧ

ȥȥȥҪѧȥѧ޻аʱ䣬еʱ䣬ѧ



ʱһζ
ֱܽ޵һգŷСԺġ
ΪӦڼͨ˵ӣΪ׵ܵܣһĳҲ㲻һ磬ٲԸҲʵʵ˺үеװոůͣͷϴ˶ñӵҲ̫֣ʰҪţиѾððʧʧĽţֱֱײ

ܽ͵սһһ󲽣СײʱΪ˱û˾ôֱֱײ˸գܽʱקס촦Ҫˤſˡ

ôô£ððʧʧģǴСĺӣʲôţСƽԽյģ֪Сʲô⣬ϡ

СͷЩΡ
ѧ˺ܶ࣬ʦҲ˵ѧúãϾ⻹ǵһʵԭſڴү̧ͷ¶ģģǱүק˺촦ûˤӣԤеĲ̫һ̧ͷ㶿ܽһۣűƽڳģ

ܽС
һʱϳ㱾뵽
⼸ڼң𼸺˵Ӵ֪ߵĴѾѾ˴¶ΪС
Сô
ĪΪޣҪæ̫࣬Сæˣ
ûʲôҪæġ
̶һ˲ܽ˺ܶ࣬δСƽҲδٿСһۣ滹кܶµ̧űҪߡ

үСæڣڵ˲䣬ѾѸһᡣ

ܽͣš
СĿȴ޲ûסʱ䣬ҲûϧȻģ
ƽ

ƽĿţСȻһԼıݺ׾ӵĸоһգͣգ˻ȥȻܽһӲЦ
үū澸ٳȥɣһ˵һߵܽǰЦݱȻЩ˵⣬ǴСĺӣǴС׵ܵܣ˻ע~
ĩβ˵

ܿϧⷬƽ˹ͷܽȴǶţ٣ΪǺƽĿ
СԥҪҪܲһεʱڿˣȴʣô

Ը⿪ھͺã
ֻҪнӴӲ˺һӼȥ
СԼȻýĵү֪ūǴСģӽūź

Լ˵ҪƽæүϷ˵һ붼ﰲš

ܽûܾǿССô죿

ⶼȥˣСһֱûԼӸǰգƽˡȴû뵽ٴСƺǴԼ
ƽһ˫۹µµĶܽ

Сȴû룬ֻΪܽǺ棬Ǳ͵Сߵİ¶С㡣

Ȼ԰¶һӡûУܽǵ˵ͷȻ̧ţСٿڣ˳ȥ

үүСӦæˡ

ƽһס˰㣬үæأ˵




31.   31    ܽģ

31
û, ǰһûԭġ, ûˡȴҲΪѦˡ

˵׽Ľ, һ, ǺС, պظҲˡ޹ȥس, ȨޣҽùȥҲѰͷУοԼݡֻûѪԵϵļ̽öѡ
һ뵽պ涼, һϴãд¶ŵԷȥˡ

ʱѾ, һӽһѦæü۾
Ѧȿ, ĬĬһ˲ЦСҼƯĹˣ컹û, ﱾǰţһ, ˡ

ÿƯҲÿӵĴŶԡѦ̫ͨʣǺʹϵ̫ã׼˴㲻⣿ֻߡѦô˵, ΪԼе⣿
ѦЦ, ûʱϸ룬ʶԼǲС֮ˡѦС˵ЦˡôһӦȥ첽ߵǰ, 㣬ôô磬һΪҵˣҲҪԵһء

ۣҲЦ˱ֻ˶Ƥӣ˯š
Ѧ׽ģѣ˱˵Ļ

ѦһЦˣҹţҴҲ˯š

μޣҲǹңѦ˵ĺ˵ˡ

ʺ׼ױˣŵ㣬۾ЪһЪɣҲ˵ˣе۵ģȴ

˻жǼʶģЩСãкЩͼ޵ġȻЩӦˡ

רϲֽĸױ
ѦȴԱ߳϶Щ۰ɣиӡĺ벻̫ÿ۾ȦûǶЩڸһ°ɣ

ۿû

ϲֻͬѦһһ¸ϼӷۡ

Ƭ̣Ҳ˲ϻ᲻Ѧˣæţôˣ˵̫Ե̫̫٣ҷ̫Եױ̫˵ۣǾ̫ˡ

ϲҲôãټѾЩǱͣ֡

Ѧû¶˵ģֻȦذӡͺҲԣǳ׵Ĵϲӣÿء

һϣѦ
ϾģúãƤǺãƽֻͿЩ֬ױϵġȻᶮŮҪױ覴õ顣
ϲŵ˵۶˵ۣҵĺȦӡԼȫס졣

Ҫˣϲֻհ졣
ֱһۡ

ȵϿ֬ʱΪѾصķڵֵòæ֬ϵЩӽ㴽ɫĿ֬

ĻѹסױѦһǴɫ̫ԵͷؽᣬҴϲӣ͸ϴĿ֬ϲ졣˵ţϲţ㾭ḻ˵ǲǰ

ȷʵô֬ġ
ϲȻϴ֬Եױ̫أܲѣǱͷǡ

Ѧ̶㣬ϲŵİɣ

û̴Ӧѭո˵ķʵã˴֬ѿ𣿡

𿪿ڣѦȵôѿ˵ױѿģױһֱҪϲ죬ͷãѿǻͷжױǽ˾þˡ

š˵еˣֱӶϲ˵ǾϴĿ֬ɣ

˺ķ۶׵ĹֵټͿ޵Ĵ֬ôôãԭʮֵòǱڳһˡԼվҲó󣬵ѦһϲͷֱӶ˺ͷ۲Ĳˡ

޿κΣѦȴľⲻǺˡô˵Һʻᡣ

ױͷԳڵĵӣôһͨæ꣬üʱ׵Ѿˡ
ŵͨͨţһѦһǿŲû˵н

ܽʱġ
Ϊ׵ܵܣʱ·ףҪŽ뷿ݱ˵󣬻Ҫ͵ſڻġ

˺ͷ͸ӿˣѵ㣬ˡ

ˣ
Դںӣܽҵ˼ᶨζû޵ʱܽ˼ҵĵܵȫ̳ϯܱš
̫ˣһʱѦֶˡ

Ѧ۵΢΢üȴ֪Ǹˣ˹˲ۣñӣ˰׵ۣ֯廹˺ߡ

ôӣ
ܽߵǰ͸ͷ·ܿĽˣˣˡ

㡣ܽͳ΢תһЦϣһ˲ת£㣬ɡ

ſܵܵıϡ

ܽŲߡ

Ѧæϡ

ۼܽһһԷ۾ˣ̲סС׷ȥץ֣㣬Ƿ㣬Ҫ

һų޵ģſڵܱܵʱͻȻ˼ֵǺͲᣬƫܹ˵⻰ով޵Ŀˡ
ãһģǲţǾʹ˽ȥҡʵҲԵܵ˵ģÿҲ֪ʲô𰸣Ǿû˵

ǲ̫ȥҵģΪȥ˵ϲӣô˵ˣûɨ˵ľܾۼԷԽԽԶȴ̲ס㣬Ǽ޹ȥʲô죬ֻ˸ίܣһҪĬĬţһҪһʱ߼ĸ㣬үҲỤġ

һ
ĺճС㣬ڸϷЩˣҲϷ˸ǰģ޳ȥĲԼǺ档۸ȴܣǾ͵ںԼڵϸ˲ˡ
԰ǿ԰ίҲܵģ
̫Ҫǿ±˿ЦԲ˵ǴϲӣҲֱ˵ˡ

ֻһǳǰϦ׽ΪĲ˵ģû׽Ҳֻһ磬ûԷ
˵⻰ǳжӦһܽļͷҼ޳ȥһŵá˻ãһҪע磬лᣬ϶۸õġ

ܽͷ·ûӦ



㣬ûµģұ۸Ҳ۸˵⼸Ҳû۸ңҪæ࿴˼ң˵˲ءæ
Ȼ֮ǰϴСӱ߷ѾȥܾˣȻǵܽôЫġѾֵôˣţǲǿ

ܽ΢΢ƫͷɿĿһۣΪޣ·仹ǵۣȴɫΣ˿ʻ鶯ࡣ΢΢ͷƤѩףɫǽֺÿĵۣЦ˵Ļһģܽô󲻳ʵ˽Ǳ۸ġ

ȷʵǱ۸ġ
㲻˵Ѿ߱¶Ҳһۿģ󱳶ʪ͸ôˤҲˤԺȻΪġ
ڼҵĻͰ㿴ŵ㡣ۣܽڿڣǳŵȴǰæѡ

΢
ܽȻӦˣ
ȻĻӦøмһлл硱˵ĵ׳ײƽ֮ǰܽıЫˡ

ȴЩ΢ѹ漴뵽˵ܵҪҵģˣǻʲôѹأοܾܵڼӲаҪޣʱȫԵˡ
ҪĻúðһá涣Ҳ̫ʱ䣬þͻޣޣ㲻㻤ˡ

ޣ
ܽƫͷֿ
ȻСڷԭûнӴŮӣ˶жܽģŶ㣿
ڼС㣬˼ǻûܵܵƺûףҪˣ

ܽο𶼷ˣȻ֪ܽʲôֻǰıЫ¶ȵʵӦҲôţ˽һгҲʲô֪Ҫˣ˵Լ£˽»棬˲鷳ˡ

ܽûü˵Ϊˡ
СѾߵĶ˽ŲҴң˽ǰԹܽһס֣ʵ

Ŀǻ
Сûֲһλãʵ绹ЩԹûģ˿ƺˣһҲˡ
ôˣҲˡ

˽֣͸ģֻ̫æˣĸ״ŶӲ㣬ֺܶණǰͷʵ벻ңҲϵڡ˵һִֻѾ˸СϻӣǶһЩ强ţûþͻãԼίʲô¶ǲĸ˵ʹŸͷ

ûƴǡ
иո˵ƵĻô˵Ȼܸжûʧ̬õĶҼסˡ

΢΢һЦֱܽӱȥٰãĸ׶ء

ܽ΢΢ͷ

ȴͻȻҿ԰һ𣿡

΢²ŵȻѽ˵

𣬴ָˣŵҳ޺ĸ׺ܰæշһҵܹ˲ϹܺլĸǸûģҵЩǲ֣ĸԼڼʲô˼

Ǻݺ²ʶĵͷƬ̲ų׷Ӧãõģһġ

ллҪرϣԾûʲôĵˣɿ֣ܽ߰ɡ

ʵһ⡣
ܽѾ⣬û뵽˻һ׽㶼ȲϰɣЦհǰ˺˵㻰ˡǳΣ䲻ĺá
˲Ѧ͸Զ㣬㵽˳ɹȹƺһױжˡ㱾ܺÿģŨױŷֵò㲻жô²õӡġĩѹ㣬ҾѦЩģ޹ȥעЩ
һԶѻ˵꣬˿һ󲽣س˿

⻰ˣܽȻҲˡ
ķӦǾȣܽķӦȴǻͷֿһۣ˵Ļ

ȴû
ͷƽ飬ͬʱҲˣҪٺЩûлˣлᣬͷΣҲֵá
ȻϣԶûлᡣ
Ϊϣúá




32.   32    Сôãܡ

32
ٰݱˡ

ѹ, û͡
ϳѾƣۣϷ˴ƣȥЪ, Žϳٰá

ƽһţ۽ͦŴӵģ, û˵, 첽ԽǰͷȥˡŮ, ͬ, ȥš

ŽϣĿȴŰƽԶ
룬ĵĻе, ƽǹ˲Ϲܺլܹ˵ϣҲܰɣ
Ͼ, , ĺӡ

ѭ߿ƽıӰûаѹ, ȴѹ˿Ц, үҪæˡ

ᡰš
Ѿ̽ˣΪѾˡ

ĸŮѾţߵ·ȴӭ˴ҴҶĶү, һ·Сֱ, ˽ǰĿڽϵĶϣȻϣֱŽϵɩ, м磿

ǹˣȻ۵׵ɫ⣬˰һ¶ȶûУѾȥǰͷˡ

Ѿȥôûү˵ĿԶŽϡ

Ϊ˲鷳һ̣۵ͷϣȴһҲ̲ˡҲ˶үĿаܳĵûȥңҺﻹ£ˣ
䣬ŽϾҪ̧š

үðĿӽŲ䵽ŭϺӴǡһȻĿаĴϵ°˻ء
ֶŮ̬ȿɲ԰Цţ̧ŵĸŮǰ

òкζүֳ֪жҪǴѣҲʲôôǰûôע⣬һģֶŮ˲٣ǰҲ˲٣ɬŮģˮңʼ˲ժˡ
һ˲Ҫժˡ
ֳںϣ˹ŮںҲްɣԼʲôֳҲΪ˽ϳͷԼҲжأϾһǱ˹Ůһ߿ֵܣ
ԴϽţү߾ûйˣģҲҪŶ˼ˣֻϧʱԣҪȻڶ붯ˡ

壬ʲôүɫжŵĶˣĸε

ʲôûģһѣֶŮδЩңȷʵӦʲôŶԡү˵ţϣʵҪѡϲϣŸζ

ϻæ󣬶ԶүŭĲãǸǻ£ÿ·

ʲôϷȴû¡
ү٬ЦҪǲأ

һӣݵǶүãڶ̥үϷ˻Σ

Сǣͦ
ү±ӣ߿ˡ
ԶͷͽĸŮ˵ıӰȴ룬ô˽ϣ᲻áҪĸŮһˣ

Ůв
ֻҪϲ˵Ͳ֪
Ծ뵽˸УүЦ

ͽ鶼ܲãһ·޻˰ȴԼͬˡ
ȿڣûŵɣ

ŵûУĵȴġ
ںżõһ˫ŮҲͬԭöһҺܺã뵽үа˲ֵ
ҡҡͷû˵

֣ĸŮڴأƬ̽ϲŵ£үǸˣɫûɫûµġֻպŻҪˣʹĴ¶˵

ûô̫ԼĵǽϣΪүӳֵ뿪ĶǽϡȻղŽúӰѶүˣӲǰƽģҲûбĿŵүˡ
һĸŮܲ뿪ͷΪƽϲΪүĴ⣬з绢ʵԭΪ˺úãʵΣշˡ
˵ܲ뿪뵽ֱˡ

ϲ죬ѿڵôô룿

Բֱ˵԰ƽĲ²⣬ֻ˵˶үͷĸŮЩӣұҪȢҲҪǾ˺Ҳһܹ

ʵȷˡ
ô˵ˣҲ˵ԼļƻΪŮǣ޹ҵĳޣ˺ҲҪΪͶġ
ں˵ʲôأүãΪʲôҪ뿪ڷ磬ôˣҲˣǲûôҡڶүİɣҶʲôġ
֨һ˲԰ѻ˵ˣ˵ǺүһңҲлߡȻҪߣ˵ѹˣȥˣߵĺҲᱻץοû˺үɡǶүʲôʲôǺĶүû˻ţֻбԲķݡ

𱻾ľþ˵
ϣ˵Щûǵģȷʵеֻܷ뷨
ڽǰ˽ȴôӦԡӦԶүɫģӦ԰ƽһյ뵽ףһƿػȨȻԶûа취
ƿػȨ̸ף
ۼˣô
ŮҪޣĶǣҰƽ˼룿ĵ˲ǰƽûᣬܺүһˮǴߣܼ̫СӦֲǳǡǺĵܽ
ܽң˵㻰
ֺܽĸŮҲбӡ
ܽһ굽ڳ׳أôԸĵˡǺóˣҪܽԸ⣬ôأ
СϢ



ܽͽΣֱ͵˳ɹְر붴˳ɹǰԺۣŸܼҵһš
ԺļˣܵܵģֻλῴۣӴԺֻڷԭ£汣Ľˡ

صûȥֱͣӻס
ֱԺţٴСͬʱҲ뵽˱۸𡣽ͲѾߣѾһˣҲô
˵Ѿˡ
ƽȥܽûסС֣²ŵȥСǸѾ˵СߣﲻҪ

ڶСˡ
ȥӴСʱģӾȻСΣΰʲôƽĿĸȻӻû֣ѾˣϲСˣֻӾԲܳϰˡ
ӳϡ
ȻСδĸǸأҲ϶ȼ޳ȥҪáοҲòſС㣬ֻҪԸ̳кǴ󹦳Ϸ˺ͺү϶άģպκүǰõˣ붼ķ⣬϶Ȣϱ
һתûֱӴӦǵСǴССҪģڽСȥֻС㲻Ҫء

Ҫ
ܽ΢΢üΪȷʵܡ

ƽֳ⣺ȻɣСȥһˣС˵ˣ˵ﲻȱˣСȥģǻͷСﲻˣ˵

ܽ룬ͷȥɣ

ƽûȥѾȹСͳˣ˰̬ͻͳͳƽȽضˣСȻЪţﲻҪź򡣡

Сɴۡ
ǴСģƽŴС˵ģ

ƽȷʵӦˡ
ҲˣСģүѹͿϡȻܿϰɣʵûѡҪеѡðɣȻСȷʵƯеѡҪ
ʶԼʲô±һߵܽƽһ죬ֱûɫСˣȥȥʲôүѾͻСˣ㻹ȥҪȥ𣿡

Сˡ
һģһݵġ

ֻŻûü˵ܽʹ˹ȥʼûһۡ

Сֱӿ޳ȫġ

ƽŵҪ޻͵͵ȥޣϸ˴үϳȥ޶ûȥޣ

С͵һգҭĴá
ǾôŻطȥˡ

ƽһŵҪô˵һ߿첽ȥԺѾͨһżĵС㣬


𱾻ڳôܽԸ̳кأһ˵ƽңȻ⣬Ӧˡôû뵽ƽһẰ
ôˣʲôʡ

ƽһֱᶨΪϲܽ⼸һҲûܽߴգƽȻִôΪϹС㲻ǰߵСҪү𣿴С͵ˣҪСæүϲСⲻСǰų޸ߣүžСİСͻظˡСҴӦҪôС֪ˣСĻкùӳ𣿡

㲻ˡΪ˾䣬ȻͳˣСôãܽôͲϲأĽüƽʲôأ

ƽƣСôأ
үϲԵŮˣСӦø˲Ŷ԰ˣˣȥɣ
ܲܰСȥȰȰүʹСһҪãСˣðСæġοʹСãүҲͱ˲һĻ˵Ըء




33.   33    ǰ

33
ƽǰԺȥˡ
˾Ӧðһ, ҲΪкص˽ģԹ˲Ϲܻ᲻˱˵лֻܽС, ΪСƽ䣬׳˼Һ, ʵʵ̳֮λ
ߵܽסԺſʱ, ˡ
ܽѾٱЫ, ҲԸ˽¼ɣҪȰܽС, ܽϲģǸӣ
Ҫǣ֪, ܽٷְٲġ

С㣿ͻȻͣţƽĿ

ƽһǲȥ˰, ȥҲûõġ

, ôܳɡ
˵˵û, Ҿã
ƽģϣȰܽСΪ, ֻС£ܽйֳϲܽһϣܽұŮˣôܽʲô˵, ĵ϶ζ, һ̼˵ܳסˡ
԰ɣһأƽȰС, кãֻСģСˡ

Ӧûһ
վû

ƽȰ˶ˣҲӰʲôһãһһȰүСƽ׼̳˺ɾĴ󹦳ˣպ󰡣ǴүǴС㣬мСүرõģ

ȷʵҪĽ
ôãҲȷӦðϾ̳ܽкԼδĿɽ͸ˡ
ãԡ
̧ŽţһϷߣһǰСģľ󷽵լŹ㣬ȰʱûиȾ欽ġ˵ЧȥȰܽĻôһʣСѧ欽ĵģԣֻίͰͿһˡ
ⲻݣֻҪȥȥ֮ͽĸŮۿ̾ͺˡһĵĶүûܽܵĻﻹеܻܵԺӣѾͣˡ
æ΢΢ͷָϽ۽λãŲϷ

ƽûˣֱӰϷȻߵٳľſڣػүСˣҪ

ܰƽºˣΪܽῪʱʲô£

ƽͷһۣʾ˵ģû뵽ȴ۾ʹסˣΪ뵽˽СαݣڶסΪҪҪһΣıСȾˡ
һʲôأԸСĻԸܼĻСֻҪСܲޣ۵ί㶼û¡Ϊ֪СݵģСѾˣڡջ֮ǰľãΪСǽʲôҲǣ
ΪᣬԸΪȥ

үˣ
ҸӾҪʼˣ
Ҳ𿪿ˣתͷžҵţˣүС㲻˵Ҫſ˵СĴ𣿡˵һ٣ܽԥæֲһ䣺С㶼һ·ˣ

ʲôʱһ·ˣ
ƽ˵ϹƽܸɣССֻ³ɹļʸˣ
𰵰Լ
һҪȰܽС
æǰſǻĵ硭һ綼û꣬Ϊűܽˡ
ССһ۵׾ŵΣֻһһΡ


ƽһ߿ţֱ뺰

ܽҲˡ
ʵһοޣһ˺ʪ͸ֻǺ۾Σȴǿһ·
ΪҪС±Ǩŭ
£ԼҪСģǽҰȥ˵ġܽڣԼ֪͡

ڰο
ֹᣬȴڼҪСѧѧˣСķ̫ʹˣҪ֪֮ǰϴЫӣѾƽˣǵأ
磬Сɣ𣿡
磬Ǵ㣬֪㲻ĹңɻкүĸءҲǺүŮҰСߣү϶ҵҲҪǨŭҪˣκβ۵ġĸĸҲ϶ҵ˼ҶôãĲ
УѾд¶ˣ㲻ҪҲûλˡǲҪû·ˡ磬˵˴ȱΪȾңҲȾСòã㣬Һ˿ˡ
һ˵һޡ
˵һͨ˵˵Ĵ˲ѧСѾĿޣ˲ȥίͰͿģˡ

ƽȴˡ
̫ʵˣ޵Ĵٹ˲Ÿ˾۰
æԼӡ
ȻԼһƽģüȴ΢΢šƽźܽ꣬ʹ΢΢šüͿԼӾϧ֮ˡ
Ȼոô꣬һ˲ӾͿˣǱ°ɣ
ε
ȴƽ֮еĴ𰸡

򾪵ĵԲۣ˿Ҳ˸ˣΪ̫ˣΪȰܽҪСģȴû뵽ûôȰأǵ˼ᣬʹӦˣ
ǴСѧĿ޹ãܽʵѾЩСˣ
ϷԺƽȥСʱĬĬ룬߶аɣˣǻͷɵöžӺú޹ˣԺ˵Ҫÿܽʱ

Сܿˡ
Ѿƽ֪ܽϢˣҲ֪Ȱ飬ԿʱС˸мҲ˴ǰûеΡ
ϾС֮ǰͦõģΪʸ֦СĴү²˵ǱӰɣǶСҲһӰġ
С㣬ллΪū顣ǵл֣ر֤ūŵԺ˺δСүҪū澶ᾡʮȥæ

⵹ˡ
ԭû뵽һ
ãҲллˡûССĳŵΪѾǳСˣС϶ܽҲ϶رó裬պܰ
л֮ŶСȫϣˣҲǣһŬģƽϣôѵģǰ޿ޣӦò˶ܳɹˡ

ү
ССҪô˵λҪô˵ĴүĲͬһˡνˣǵһ죬żʦ̵ЩûȫʹءֻҪʱһһʹ϶ܳɹ
ǣū澼ˣūһʹģ

ʵСڿ޹ɵģϺʱ̫ԣֻʱЪ˼ԼһˣС˵պʲôѴңܰһ㡣

С̫ˣ
лС㣡СжĶˡ

ȥɣСҲûˣǶһߵƽƽһҪС

Ȼˡ
ȴСԼӡ
ƽͷӦУŵС㣬ԺҪСҲȥæ𣿡

ܣ붼ûӦˡ




34.   34    ˣСʹá

34
ˡ

ƽ, ܽȴ£ƽݣʵСڸ, Щ۸

ƽҪá
ܽôżĹ͵, ȴһ, ˼ķ, ټСǸŽϽƿ, óҲ֪ʲôӡͼӴ׵СţǷ˸ǰͷɷģȻǺүС㣬ʵ, ٵľǼٵģôС㣬ҲǺ˾С㡣źүͷ˵Ȼû˸, ˽ǲ, Կ˿ＸλүС㣬ǴС㻤, ˶˳ۡСˣԺû˻, ֻеĿͷҪˡ

ںܽһԿͷյϴҹУҲͬ
, ܽƽ
ü, ѾӦҪˣǾͲ֪ҪԿȴʲôҲϸƬ̣ƽûʲô, պСЩģҲ̫ãҪޣʱС䣬תҪߡ

ԾԼӵ£ƽŵ˵ôһѣҲҪԼһŭΪյģ˭֪ûС
ü̬ȴƽûʲôֻԸ࿴ţС㶨ˣ
ƽϢըͷεģҲ׷ȥСҪˣ޸˭ѾˣôһϢû

ܽҲǽ˵֪֮ǰûϢǲڼҰɣҪ޸˭û˵Ҳûʡ
Ҳ֪˵˾ңֱš

ƽýûüȥһͷײϡѾ˲ˣΪǼˣԼӰʵ뷨ڲص̫ǲҩֻµð뱲ӲܷӦʱҲϰʮˣôȢӣƻ˶Ҫˣ
ܼܼԼס
ʲôҩǰȴС㵽Ҫ޸˭Ȼ󣬻취С㲻ԸޡܸӣСӦÿ϶Ը޵İɣǾͺðˣʱСһޣӿ϶ˡ
˳˸£ƽ̳ȥˡ



Լ˵ģֻҪܿ磬ûл۸밲ԽٽƽϹĴҲԽԽ٣ʱֱסڽġΪе㲻ģȻ˵ûܣĸӴˣȻ˵õĻ˵϶Щˡ

޵סڽϴջ죬˻ػ˵ڻظ·ˣŽϳţһһٰȥ

·ϼ¡
֪Ϊڻ˵ʲôȻ翴Ŀܲƣʲôû˵ֻԿͽϵĶƬ̣ˡ

֣ԺҲܿЩ
ԽԽˣʵûûŮºӺ󻹵Ӵӣͬûû֪ŮǲµģѾ£ѾˣŮû˻ţץŻ۸㷴ûС
ʵǺڵģ֪޽ƽӣͲüޡȻͷĸŮͬкܶΣգȻܱܿסĺӣһԣô֪ĸŮܳŹȥأ
ںҲûˡ
ֻܲЩֻſ˿ˣˣҲˣֻҪٰ꣬һоͶȥˡ

ڱģǰ˴үЩԱһҲСҲҪڴϣүҲҵġΪýϷģ㶼ûš

£⣬ֵǺãֻϧûʲôܱġ

Цûʲôܱ񲻸ã˵ԺŮúãҪ𡣡

һ룬ȷʵˡ
ǾñǡүһҪң㱻ϷǿڼҲ°ɣȴܽ㻹ԼעЩҪϡ

ܽӦûỤ
ôãȴûϡ

ĸŮ˳磬߲죬ԵٰõʱЩˡܽܺȥǰͷӭˣ˴ܵӢ˴ܼΣд󷿵磬ͳͳ˰õϷ֪˭˵ʲôĸŮŵʱϷ˱úǺֱЦ

ɩˣȿĽϺһ˵ţһѾ첽˷˽ϣɩЩ˵㣬ôҲ̧ΣԼ߹۰

Цû£Ҳۡ

Ϸ˿ĶӣѾǵЪЪ

ϵͷ˲ˡʵ̫ˣһ·ŲѾߵһĺˡ

ҪٳЩˡϷ֮ǰһֱ˽ϵĶӴΪ֤úãŽϵĶӶ£½ӣҲº̫󲻺˺Ӱ

ϵͷӦǡ
ȻԵĲ̫࣬ܳΪ·ݱʵʹ·Ҫö࣬Ҳ˵ʲô

˿ŽϣƲƲ졣
ǰ֮Էʢˣý˲͸ļеˣҲûĵĵط롣ôҲӵģǶһ֪·ݲԣ԰˳˻ûѾ˺үĴˡ
湻ĵġ
ƫƫһĵŮ˶ˣⰲƽǴ󷿶һáҪɷҪżּҳȥˣʡڼġ

˵ȻҲܿ϶ӵ·ݲԣȴĿ¶ӣЩǵĿ۽ϣתϷʱȴЦĸױģɩǴЩ֤ӳúá·ˣɩܸӣ

ϷЩϵĶסͲ⻰ˣ̫֣ʱܻ᲻˺ӵͷ߼ôã

˵ӵͷ߼
ʱ͵һ顣

˿ˣæϷʹɫȻֵĸˣģɩֲͷһ̥ҵʱ֪죬Ҷûоأͳˡ

ô˵Ҳе
Ϸ΢΢ף֪½ֻ˳ŵҲǣˣٳԻٳЩĺá

ѾЩŵˣæããһٳЩġ

ҲģĥŴ˰ú̽гǳʲôĻﲻȥȥ°ƽ̫ҽ￴

ţСѾ߸˵𣺡ˣСʹүˣѾˣϾ͵

Ҫˣ˼վ

Ϸû˵һ˫۾æſڣҲŵġ

ǿŲûӭȥ
ڸʱ˼棬һޣֲֵϰߣ˿ҹΣѦɻûʲô

ܿˡ
ܺں˵ܽһǰ棬ٰú̲סһ·С
ٰܽõϷһ۾Ϳ̲סӭ
ãһݺݱһ£Ȼɿ𣬴ǰߵϷǰϹ£ĸ




35.   35    ֱһѽƽˡ

35
Ϊ, Ȼֻ뿪ҹٻѾǱ˼ҵˣϷٿ, ֮ǰЩͳͳˡֻǴС߽ųŮ, ȥ˱˼, Ҳ֪ϰϰ, ִòá
ú, Ȱĳֵ

˱˼ҵϱȻ̫ŴܺãǺܺ, ҲӲ£ǾǱ˼, ûԼʱ⡣
˿Ϸ˴Ȱģ, Ҳ֮ǰĲ죬ֻԼļ, ǴСĸ
ĴӦһߵϷ˸ǰ, ǵıϷ˵ĸ첲һĸҺ

Ϸ˺ǺЦҪ˵, ֱܺŽˡ
ˡϷ˵

ִǰ, ĿӰϷǰϵԹĵͷ񣺡֣ĸĸɻã

ãأϷЦ

Ϸ, һһϣԼˣܼСһļ

ҲС
ڶμ֣һμûнֻǵò̬ѡһοһһܼˣ̸ֹ֪ȷʵ̬ȼѡ
ȴû
ʵ֪ŮŲҪ򣬲ǰĶѰռңںӦǲһģҪȻϷǰźš
ûϷ˺Ҳû
⣬ܼҲˣԳɹԸ𽵹Щʵġ
ĵģֶòá
Ӧúðɣ
ȻոܽţϲûίģȻ˵ϷˣϷ˵ֱۣȴЦŵġ
Ӧýҡ
ôţֱȥǰԺƽڴϷǱųٰԷȥʱ򣬻̲סʵ㣬òãңûϰ𣿡

ţܵӢҲĴˣ䣬ʲôĴ𰸣һ֪
ֻϧҪʧˡ
뵽֣մŮתΪ¸𶼾úߡΪʧߵϰߡҸҲҺܺá

Ǿͺá
׶ô˵˿

ȴʵĲУֿǳɹүһ޹ȥӷ˲˵ֺܵúöԴ̫ˣֻǶ̳˺λ޵ıҲѡ
ʣôõģ

һ֪ǲţһƣ뿴Լǲ˼˵ģôһҫ˼ˡ
һ̧ѩ׵ϣ֧ˮͷõָһָָ϶µıʯָȻ²ĽȦָָͷϵĽκֹ

ЩȻأֲûöƲƲ죬ҿʲôôǺŮޣױﵱȻٲ˺ΡȥңǱ߳ӣȻҲЩ

ⲻǼױҲҳҵġЦҡͷһСŮɬģЩҽŲ֪ȫҸ˽¸ðģû߹ˣȫõԼ强ӣžҴȻÿƼ˾͸ˡͷǺÿʵͷܲģҸָģ⡣

־Ȼã
Ϲˣ
ˣٲԷȥˣҲòõ֤ᱻϹ۵ĸ
ˡ

Цĵ⡣

Ҳ̲סЦ

ܵӢЦˡ
֪ܵǲŻ׷ʵ㣬Ķôð
ͬʣ档

Ȼġ
ȴƭġ


ܵһ˲ĸ¶漴æֻϹģǴ㣬򵽵׶ô

ɣҲ㻵
ڰܵӢҲˣ¶Цģһʼ˵ľģҸȷʵá

֪ҿˡϵЦƭˣ۾Ĺȴƭˣҿó޹ȥúܺã

ǰûкҲûҫҲ˵ָãʵһЩҵġ

Ҳ
ңͻãҪ϶ԸӦ

Сͷ࣡Ķͷû˵һŵã˵ѦЩģ⵽ô£ڳɹȻҸҺãլЩ˲ϵģѦҲءûʲôİ

ҲѦûʲôģŵߣҿ϶Ѧ⡣ֱ˵ˣãòԾ͸ֱӸ
׵ĴϲӣƯȴң䣬Ǿ˲Ϊ˴¡˶֪ϵ̫׼ѿҲ֪ƫҪһһķۡУôķۻҪôĿ֬¾ǴɫģѾ㹻ϲˣ֬ɫֻҪ̫֣ûôҪԼôÿױҲǳȻģҲЩⲻǲʲôһʲô˵ˡ

˵Ĭˡ
ʵûбҸ»ͷԣкüĻѦö꣬ѦҲ࣬û뵽Ѧﲻˡ˵һͨ͵ڶͷһЦҸ翴ҲһεģǡΪױ̫Ũ̫
г׵ѦȴƯõÿʱû룬ùϵЩʱȷò˵ġ
ѦĲ
ԣֻǲΪ˴£
֪𰸣ҲԸж꽻Ѧ룬Ӧ𣺡һעġûлȻãУҲġ

оľͺá
ѦֻССĽʣû̫Ļء
⻰⡣

ԷӣҪ緹ʱ䣬Яٰȥ

ţ緹ͰٰõĻΪһŮһϯϴ˵˵ЦЦΧܺá

̫̫ãټҲϷŵˣȳ˼ھ˿ӡ𲻷ѾһȻ˰á
źŽЪº󣬲ŴŴ¶ٰ
֪ù緹Ҫسɹߵļ죬һͲ֪ˡ

ٰԺſһ˹ĺɻأС磬ɻûˮȴ˲̴деĺҶѾվںɻرߣΪ˿쳭·źɻؿ
Ų߽̲סЦֱӲģ˶ˣ˭֪ôԣֱˡ
һƵСӭȥûӦĻᣬֱһѽƽ˺ɻء

Ĵ¶²ŷӦС㣡




36.   36    Сŵܽ

36
ƽӷԸ, ҪС϶Щ˾Ǯ˸СͷСѾߣ, ȷκ¶ܵһʱٰ֪ſʲô¶ûʱ͵˶ԻСѾ, ѾĴȫƽ

ƽȥԺſƧض, Լ첽Ϸ, ߵܽߵ, СҪ

ܽӦϷҪԺүһ꣬ţȻҲ㡣ͱ˲һ, пͬһƲȣ˲, Ҳ˵, ˶ϰ磬˴ڸм͡
ƽ˵, ƫͷȥƽٿھ֪϶¹һԥ, ŮǱЦŵۣ˵ʧһ¡

ƽõü

ֿû֨

үžƱֻû

үЦ¾ͿȥЩ

ܺҲҪҰæ

ܽҡҡͷ, ûᰲƽĲ, ƽ˳ȥ

ߣƽûסؽƱϣʲô£

Ȼ˶ܽʲô, ƽ˵ˣ˲ڣүȴȰ磬ŵĺӣ˵£˰ˣǹŲġ

ƽֺһ

ƽܽ⣬߱СҪĻ˵ˣ㻰䣬ߵԺſڣԶСǰһ½޷ƽ˺ɻ
ܽƽĿһĻ
ܽšü

ƽȵŴ졣
СҲ̫˰ɣ
Сңҵúã

С㣡¶ŵĽ

С㱻Сײƽŵ˵һյܽȻߣæ졣
үڲˡ
Ȼƽû뵽ԭ򣬵ܽͻȻӴŲǰҲϽϡ

С㣡Цѧ¶ȴ¶Ļ

Ȼ֪С㲻ϲС㣬ʱʱľһСС۸С㣬ô֮ͥ°ײˮ㲻µĸ壬¶ô붼벻ͨ
С㣬ǸʲôǰѾߣ磬¶û̫£ֻĺɻ𲻻ˮΣա˰С

ʲôЦЦһ㣬Цŷʵҽ˾

¶Ѿľлع伱ȴĵԣӰСȻô۸СϢȥ÷˻᲻𣿱Ϸ˺ͺүĺݷɷУΪ˰˵ģҲģοǴСʹүŵĺӣֳ˵£Ϸ˺ͺүĵĻܳܵģ
ô˵꣬ɨۼûʲôֵĶ¶һֱ˰һСһ߳ɻ֣С㣬ܹܲЩū
⻰˵̧꣬һŽҲ߽˺ɻء

ʵˮֻˮѾȫʪ͸ˣ֪絽״ʲôǰóóȻ¶Ͼһ¶ȲԼĸˡȻ¶Ҳ˺ɻء
δⱻҵæܿЩ¶ˮŲźۼŲһѽͷˮĴ¶Щ

ѾڰߣźɻǱĵ˰ƣӴӴҺӴ¶С㣬Ұˮ˵ȥ𣿡

Ϊʲôң
¶ʱȻˣ⻹ǵһֱ۸Ǳˮ۸컹ûתůˮ˲䣬ͺӽŵװֱǰ㣬۸˵ȥˮʪ͸Ҳа
¶
ڿϵı󣬲ŵĳĬˡ

΢΢¶ġ͵Ҳ˵˾ҪˣôӣҪ֪С㱻۸ôңһʱż̥ǿôǺãһ˵翴Ŀ⣺һһʬС㻹ô

磡𱻳׼ŭ⣬ɱǣѾֵزǲʲôֻҪٿЩȻһ־ܰק
˵½̫Լ𣬶̥ӹڴѾǲõףƽҲˣûа취ܻܲ

ﰡ󣬿ˮеʲôһӡǹѡµģΪĳʰ⣬ǽǰôʲôãһޣôʰôʰ

硣ƽͻȻ

ϤʱͻȻ˸ֱ֣Ҳ֪ݲС͵ػͷȻͿ֮ǰӲ˵ҲĴܽվƽȴš

һ飬æͰͽ͵󡢴磬ɰָˮеʹ¶˵Ϲ㲻СĽŻˮˣ¶Ϊ˾ҲȥҪأ

𣿡ܽʡ

æͷǡǰ

ܽˣɣ

ﲻԸ绹ǰȰѴ¶ˡܽƽת߿𴦣¶Ͻֵݸ
Ҳϰ翴۱ߵܽвΪд绤Ҿûʰ㣬ҵţ

д绤
ǰܽӦҪġֵʱãȴ̫ˡ
ѵаע
һ뵽ܣٿ磬ͰҲˡһץס˫磬һ𡱣Ȼ͵罻λã粻ŵУһѽƽ˺ɻء

С㣡¶ˡ

С㣡ǸոձܽĵŵòҿѾߺӣҲ뾪ȻҲûɻأס硣

죬ܽתͷ˹

ƽ棬¿ʪ͸ģֻǿš

ܽǳˡ
˵ʪ͸ĺˡ
ôοԼȻܣ۵ᣬͰ͵Ķܽ磬ûңҶ£ԼСˤȥˡ

¶

ոջЩڣԼѡСǲѡˡڣˣСʱԿҲ᳤óԿġ

ܽһתͷʪ͸ģʹ۵ס컹ûȫȣװأôˮٳѽϣûҪ߱¶Ծûħˣôۣ̲ס
û˵ʲôֻɻ￴ۣüЩ뿪ƫͷԸƽЩȥС

类ϰ󣬺ݺݿ˼³ˮȻŭ߳壺ˣ㾹ˮ㻹ߵǷǺڰף㡭

ܴܲùܹ鲻ÿҰٷ֮ԼҲˣΪʲôҪأ
ʱСŵܽߣ㵽

ٷŭϵǰܽҲȻ˵棬ֻҲί磬ոˣ׸磬ֲʲôˣ㲻ΪֻعҪ𣿡

ûĬһ˲ܽڡ

ҪˣѲԼȥģΪ

ܽǺһҲǲСġ

ˣܽġûпǰҧˡ
ԥ£ûдֿ£ΪһֿܽӦҲòʲôáˣҲʪ͸ҲŶˡ
Ѿ࿴ͣɲлȥŭܽŻҵţ

类˻ˡ

ƽͷԸȥȹҲˣǰֻԸһΪ˲֣¶ֻһȳС·ȥ

ϸɾѣܽԷȥ




37.   37    ڿĽţ֪㡭

37
ǺСŵĺ, ˽ϣӶٰã, 㶼ҪôҪô˾һЦ, ܽһ·Էȥ, ·δֱֱײˡ

ܽǰ, Сں, һֱԷԺǰ˶ûн

Ժźܽ΢࿪, 㳣Ҳ죬Լȥɾѻϰɣ

ȴû
ʵܽӴ, е˽, ܽȷǲ˵ģոҲǵˮ, ƽһ˵, ⲻ
ǴǰԲںܽ뷨ӦӦþͻỤš, Ҫĸʱ, ҪĲʱʱǾͲòںˡ
ͼδܻܵã޺ǵ, ټֻܸܽ˴ȱΪҲڿˣЩٹ̵ĶҲ䡣ԲԱҪĵĻ񡭡һҪңĵĵطи˵λá
ֻҪǰʱһڵҸʱ⣬뵽ȥĸŮһϵԼ͵ܻܵδĵǣ˵
ܽԽԽᣬȴһζû磬ǲҲĻҰɻصģ

ܽ˵벻ǲҪǣҲȶֻ֣ǻȥˡ
΢𶳵÷׵Ĵż̲סɪģҡҡͷǡ

ǣ
ԭΪҪһ࣬Ҫһᣬ֪һûҲֻһ䣬͵õĴ𰸡
شǲ̫ˣ
شô죬ĵ
㡭ûʵһҲûС

ܽͷǣ㡣£ִߣȥѰɣ

Űɣ
һǿı鶼ûء
Ҳ㲻ģãǲţܹ¶Щ˲Ŷԡ
ȷˣܽ
һЦˣЦ̫ã۵ŵᵽ׻ΣһоûУ˵ĵãȥ磬㻹ȥٰȥԵ£һȥ𣿡
Ľȡ

ܽЦĬһ˲ܾĻû˵ڣһͷȥ⡣

²ٹ˼ˣĿڶˣæһ·ųԷϷ

ͷûˣƽ̧ŽţܽүСˮѾʱ䣬컹ûůôãǲ뽪ůůֻ÷纮

ܽǰĿſգ˵ǻеһԶص˸뽪

ƽæӦˡ
ԷԭСȻˣŻţô̵ʱߵֶûаţƽֱȥߵС

ҪãԷ˱ҲһߵСѾˮˮȡѵȡѣܿæ
򵥲ϴִøɾѺҪţƽСѾ߶˽ˡ
ƽڣֻЩʧĵѾ𣿡

ƽЦüۣûأүſڵǴүĵ˷纮ԸСĽȺ˰ɡ

н
ŽһһںȵʱůĲθĶůˡֻЩϧϧܽôãҪ뷨ĺãȴ֪ô
ΨһҪľǳҡ
ƫƫԼ±Ϸ˰ƽϣҡⲻǱֱǶˡ
꽪ε˼˳ȥܽһתҲһ·û֨ĸֱٰõԺš

ܽͷۣԾʵôˣ

ı𣬵ܹССʾãڿĽţ֪㴩Ь磬ң˫Ьл񡣡

ܽͷԼϵĺɫЬ棬ˡ

㲻˵ֻʱˡ
û˵ʱˣƽӦ֪ǲ֪ҲԻȥ͵һ˫Ьա
⣬̧ŽٰϷ

ôṦߵϯѾˣƽͶ˶ˣַźȲ衣

ܽʱΪ֮һ˭Ҳû˭ҲûԳĿλȥˡ

ʱ˸λΣֻӢע⵽ѣźۼüһϳԼѺһ粻ڣ˲õĲ²⡣
ųϲԣûʡ

ԼĪ˵һյʱĻϷ˾ˣʹɢˡźֽͯŮһŮϷ֣ǰȥ㷿ЪʱͲˣǳ˼޵ĹһҪԷΪЩȥ

˵ͷ

ϷԵЩͲСˣ¶һߣȻϺӲ֪𣿡

ĸߺ

ϷĦ֣ĸҲΪáڰʲô¶ûϽҪ

ϼߵĲˣ֪ˣȻطˡ

ȥȥɣϷ˰ڰ֣תɫ֣ţСҸǰѾҳ軵ˣҪĲòԵģҶݣʱң

ĸۿ΢졣

ֿһۣס֣ĸܺá

۵׵飬ϷЦˣúúãС޺úùˣȥЪŰɣ

˳ٰϷ
һȥһܽһһϵһߡקӣʣʲôôѣ

Է֪ȻҲûʹ¶ɻص¶˵ˣͷܽûԶѹҲûźãƽ·òҺʹ¶Ȼ󡭡ȻҲºɻˣ

ʲô

δ˵꣬Ϊס죬Щܻĵ㣬С

죬ûӦֻ˼ͷˣŲŵĵ˵ƽɻˣ´˻ʶһôҵģǰµҪԸҲͻ𣿡

ҵġ

ţ۸Ҳǵһ˰

û㣬ҷִԿûеֿҾֻҪСټӰѾ᳹ƽ̳кĻˣ̳˺϶Ҳæշ͵ܻܵһģҲķԼˣ

˵ģ̶ʱؾϲҪˡ

ʵˣġңºɻصһ𣬱עѾûлͷ·ˡ
ǣȷһԼ϶úܣûам㣬ǲţȥƽ

ػͷܽصͷãϾͽƽʡģǽ̳˺ұ֤չĸ׺δĵܻܵá

Ҳ֤㲻ڸһʱעģСǱʲôҲһҪô糹ƽ䣬˳ҵģúӣδĺү

ֿһ֣ܽãˣ

ں治ԶܽĪûȥôԭֻոѿڶĻʲôơ
δ˵꣬Ѿˣ粻ǽŻԼɻصģǱȥġ
𣬾ǸرӡôңңΪʲôҪƭ
ܽıӰ˼




38.   38    㡭ǲ

38
Ļ, ƽһζԵֲܵܰûСߺЦе´˻ܽʲôû˵ʹ󷽵һ, ܽˡ

ܽҲ޻
Ͼֻģ֪ڳɹüá

ܽһ, Էȥ·, ̲סʣ㵥ܽ, ôûĵ, ôˣ

鼫ã˵־׽ˣȻ, ˰˵Ļһһʮȫ֣ĩ˵Ҳٺ˵ʲôˣòƭҵġ
ǷԸСѾ߽סƽ, Ȼ֪𲻻ƭ, ĺϢһ顣

Ҳ, һԷϷ͵ô˵, ܽպӣ̳к

һȻȻǼĵճӣֻҪԸ⣬֮λȻġ
οȼ, Ͼ˶Ҳ̫С, ûѡĻᡣȻ׽ЩҲû˵

ȴ֪ĵܵȼ, ĸۿžҪˣǸкӳ̶ȣ᲻һʱͿҪǸӣ

׵ƽԹ˵ܲϲƽ׵˵ƽȴЩΪָô˵֤ûǹ᲻ΪںԲûǡ
뵽ˣ￩һ£ԥҪҪ»ʼֲģɵĴСӣȴѹûί
ɫһʵ˭Ϳ

ѾϣֲɵӣȻһʱͿˡʶǲ˵ƽͿæЦҺͿҺͿҲǸ˼ⲻҲΪܽż𣿡

̾Ц˵ĸкҲ̫СˣֻҪԸ⣬ûɲȴȥģĸҲܴӦ˵ĸ׺õƷ֪ûǸλõġ

ȰƽɹӼҴҵδ漰ڹլҲۼ˽µġЩϿƵŮˣĶһǱŻ޲ҧ˵⡣ȰҪ̫ŽϺ𣬵ոѾչһˣգû˵
ǾͺãǾͺáܵ

˵ƽˣ㲻֣˳ȥйƽʻ
үСˣ

ƽػǵģվͼˣҲСźġ

СźЩʲôʣүɶ⣿

ƽ£ʱֻź˶˲ˮ¾֮࣬үڷԭϰԼûС֡⡭ӦİɣүѵС
ΪСģȴүڣѵˡֻǸ˲ˮ֮ûӴѾͷүòģȻҲ̸ϲˡ

˵Сֻź˶˲ˮЩһŸտʼȷҲ̫żˡֻҪС⣬Сûм֮һоͽп
ʣƽʵ˵үǲǶСûм֮

ȫǣ
С޳ˣүҲƵġƽһʵģүȷʵرá
ֻСѡ

ЩСԴףߣˣôΪỹˣҲûĴζõģ

ƽͷװ
⻰ܽӣҲҽӡ

ǸˣֻڱԹһ͵ƽһҪúðСģСɹҲǽԺһǽõģͿԳŵ㣬˽õõʹͺͲ£ٸһǵĵլӣԼպٶŮǽԲū

ǵլжƽ֪ģŮٲūȴլӸҪˡūӿԲμӿƾ٣ŮҲɻޣһͷˣ
ƽһӹ£նķĵСģСһþʮֶҲҪдү˳ҵģ

̲סЦʲôֶΰ㲻óͲҪϹáˣȥɣŶˣԺҲڸڰСʲôΪѻģȥС㡣үӦҪҲӦҪСү㲻ظ

Ǳġ
ƽͷ룺ԺĴء



ûʸȥٰãʪ͸ܵ֪ȻҰƽɻصģ¾ŭߣȥǽϻȥһͲˣǺС㣬СӸô㣬ŽǼˣ

ȴ϶

ץ֣ҡ߰㻹Ÿʲô

СʱʱҲڡ

ˣܽȻڣûˣã첲գǽĸŮҲԻɣһֵͨû£ھڣԻĸᶼˣߣȥٰãҿĸǶԼˣ

绹ǲ

ôˣ߰

ŵȰƽɻصģ硭Ҳ֪ǲǿˣԲûҡ
ܽӦǿˣΪܽǾ˵ҲǲСģܽ׸磬ûȴ

һӵĻΪŮĻȥЩֱͨ죬βһɸֵģݺݵһ£˵˵㣬ܸɵʲô£ƵôҲȥˣˣŸʲôϽϴϴѣ

˺ܿˮ类ԡͰﻹקŷڣûţⱲӶûԹôĿأ

γ
ȶֵΣǺǧС㣬ʲôһŮǽϴƿǰƽɻѣûûҪȻһ֣ʲôʸ
ɾûʸڽǶﴧ˼֣үϷΪǼ֣϶ỤСӡ
ü漴ȴһЦŮһģˣսû£ǲԺһᡣǶҲ췢ˣʱ㲻һʬҲٺ˳еǻᡣ

һʬ
Ȼв϶̥һһʬ粻ˡô˵뵽˵ΪʲôûŮĻҿ϶϶ʲô
Щ£ҲЩСĵ㡭ǲʲôǡǱϾһǵĹѪ㡭㲻ܡ

һסģͳ״˽ǰ˵ˣֻʲôʲôûֻǸﶼڴ϶Ӵףµİˡ

ԭ
˿ȷʵô󣬿ŶеˡǽϺͺӲΣհɣΪûʲôֻΣҲҵģǿɲɡΣҲܰˣұҲ

ҲʹЩͷԼԿ

ֲ֪ײ磡
˾죬֪ˣ



ԥ˷粻ֳû߽ϣʡֲֵӰӡ
˰õʱ򣬽ϻ˯ûٻԼѣͬʰõĴ¶ƽǰȥĿѾˣƽ鷿ȥˡ

ʵϻ˰õ·Ѿ˺̫ܶ࣬ҽǱģһҪȥƽҲҪܽæȫȥϷˡϷ˲֪࣬ĺӻǺܵĵġ

̽һ¡
ֻȷһԼ϶ˣԺ֪ôȰ֪ô԰ƽ

˻˵ˣƽüʶҪ˵û£鷿һŮӼҹʲô

Ķү۾һŵ磬ֶŮˣ£ɣ

ʲô£ٰõϯ˵ܽһƽõǸмĿǡ

үһ˼ģȻ᲻ɩйذ

ϣ
뵽϶Ǵᣬ˽²ױϳļߵ㣬ɫҲ㲵˺üģƽҪôǵĺݶˡοýϱĻΪŵĺҲģͱܵ۵ֳһĨᷳ
û¶ֻ˵ɣ




39.   39    ĵ͸ˡ

39
û뵽үҲڡ
Ȼһү뵽Ķģ, Űƽ棬ƽ󣬲òҲүˡ
塣ͷˡ

СǺ
ʮС, ˮ۵紺֦ͷ¶ʻүЦ棬úӡ

ƽûжү, , òȽϻʢ, Ҳûʲôе˼ֻ׻ЩĽ, ˱£

ǣǹġȻûү, ܾöүĿ˱ү˽¸˵𣿡

үЦ, Ӵ, Ҫ˵ʲôܽ𣿡
ô˵, û

ƽٴüõĶү, ʲôֱ˵ǡ

û취ֻܵүЩ֮ǰĸҲ˵ĶӴЩ, 򿴲Ե, æ̫ҽ￴𣿡

үü
û뵽Ͱƽ˵Ϊƽʮϲ, Ҳء
ȴû뵽ǡ
ĺôûԽϣƺҲûôϲү̲סϲļƻһĲСı֪ˣӦҲ̫ùɣ

ϵĶӺѰŮʲôͬ
ƽѾĸӣȴδעŮڵĶӣΨһ࿴˼۵ģҲЩ۵ĽϵĶˡýʲôףӴҲֻ֤ӳúðˣǣĴסģԴϻض̥ͲϽΪȫǱ˵֣ѾгජˣҪôϸţ
ᣬҲǾϴˣﲻԣͷֲˡƽЩͷһ֣˵˼ԡ

ĵ͸ˡ
ƽ̬ȣ˵ˣϲҲûٰɣϲ̫ҽԲһ仰飬¹Ľȫôһ仰ԸأǲϲΪʲôҪȢ
ڰƽӵ˼һСȻô붼벻סԥ£׷˾䣺˵ӹʱ˿ܻΣա

ƽûڣү˵ˣʲôΣհŮӲ˵Ҳͷˣڶػ˳ġ

ƽЩĶԽӰģүôһ˵ŽӶΪʱүƫˡˣͷʳȥģʱ̫ҽš

ʲôû˵һˡ

ߵԺˣƽõĸү˵㿴⺢ӣл֪˵Ҳ֪˭Ĳʶ̧٣

үɩǸõģֻ˵׵ɣ

ƽص
ҧ´²ӸˣҲûֱӻ˰ãֱȥܽסҵƽżɽҪܽЬ롣

ƽȻһʱ֪ˣֻ˫ܽľЬС㣬ûȥɣЬӸϽšֵˣͷٸ˫ⲼӰɣү裬ĵ̫ˡ

áӦ£ƽСֵôүɻϰźûʲôӰɣ

ƽһֱᶨΪϲܽƫƫϻܽ˵ѾףҪˡճ˰õ˴ҲȥС֪׶Ǿ˼ұ罭صһȥҵӿ˽һۡ
ʵʵ˵ǽȷʵһ˲ţǼ޸ȷʵҲ㲻ԼȣòȣԺõķչһһϣȶñȵġ
С⣬Ӧǳ￴ŹɣֻЩԼûүСϣֻҪСܳɹСҪƯȻҲܳɹ
Ϊн·ʼղḶȫŬǸ׶·أ
ƽʱú⣬ȴ˿¶ֻͶ̬ȺͻػȴȫһˣСǺŬڱ֣ɡҲ֪ǲΪƯԵʣүʼյģֻ˲赹ˮ¶ٽЩźȴá

ԾСƯ𣿶Сһ˾͡

ʲô˵һ벻˵ˣƽʡ

ҡҡͷ¶øƽ˵ֻЩСĻƯܽҪδҲ̫˰ɣ
һʱ벻ʲôð취ֻҪ

үϣٰҲûð
ô룬ƽȴСģСĻģ

ĽǱߣһСģܽľЬҲһʱЬãܽˢøеʱ˳ٸСĺˡʡǰСȥԺۣ˱˵
£ѾЬͻԺƽŸϷĨһӣòãŴ¶ȥٰˡ
翪ʼҪһ·ˣԶĿɽܽˣ⸮ڵĿɽȴϷˡȻϷ˵ŮҪлܽڣֺϷ˵ɡͬģϷڣպҪƵȥܽҲϷ˷ĵơ

¶ԼСһռûţоͬʱҲ˼ͬ顣СȻҲͦѵġ

𲢲ѣΪĿͷ־ϷϷ˴ӽƽһЦĸ

Ϸ˸˯ôãʹˣ˻Ӳˣȴ÷ֻû뵽ڴɵʱˣǸˡഺЦͺҲҪעһɻ㣬پûôˡ
ôô˰Ϸ˲Цˡ

ߵǰȽ򿪣Ĩ˳Ҵٸ˵ĸȿĨɫͻϲϲ

ĨһǺɫһɫɫǸмǶ˿ˮεĺ챦ʯû廨һһһһСҡĨĲϲֵһᣬ챦ʯȴֵƣ幤ãһĨһɨۿȥ֪Ƿ˼ġһɫҲû廨һţһһĳͷãϷϲ̴ֱϡ

ϲɫͻϲҲϲģҸϲϷ˲˵ٻĸŮҲֻ߹ʱŻЩŮȴֺͬɣôТ˳ҲԸⱻֺáοͽϽѾˣĸŮʲôҪء

ѾϴˣĸǲҸϣɵ

ϷЦúúãϣ

ĽϷ˵ľĨȡ·һߣѡ峤ĸϣĸǴ죬䳤İɣ︴գһԴĸҲὡ٣ⳤһ㣡

˭
Ϸ˱úǺЦ˼񣬵⻹ͷһôϷ˾͵ǲʲôҪĸ

𲻺˼ЦЦȴͷ󷽳ˣǣĸ

ԣһ
θڻ治Сء
ϷЦ΢˵

ƽ̬ȶסϷĵȻϣҲЦһǹģȻ˼̫ˣ»Ӱ쵽͵ܵܵĽæ̫ҽֻҸȥүү˵ŮӶүûӦĸԺ죬ֻ˵ĲŸºүҵĺܵ͵ܵܡ
߽ǰ˵϶СүһϷǰҲû˵ǵܵܡ

Ǳʱ˰ƽûɹתĻϷ˿϶ѵһٵġ¹ؽϵĶӣϷҲĻδӣԱ˲ھӦ
ãɣҾͽ̫ҽһˡ˵⻰ЦϷЩ΢ĲɢˣʲôүǴĲܵѣ㵣͵ܵܣǺү֪Ҳġ

ǻǲ֪ĺá
ûͣΪֻ֪ҪҪĵڶ˵ϷԻš
ĸڶǴҵģʹйء

Ϸüͽйأ
ȻܽףܼҺʹ޼ǽ˳𣬵ĴӣҲǴΨһָϷ˵Ȼ⡣

ǵġ˸Ѿ߸磬֪ɣ

Ϸ˵ͷ
֪֪Ѿԭģ֪Ѿ߱ȥѧЩϲ̨ĶⶼĬģҲϣѾܳ¡

ң޺˲ˣʱȥߣලСŬƽСҪ´λ֮ǰôС˳ҵģ

⻰˵úϷȴšԼ顣

Ҳǻóȥˣһҧĸ⻰ֻĸ˵˭Ҳߣ𣿡

ʲôֵô֣

һ˿ҿܵúүϲȻ˵ı£Ҫ޸Ҿ˾˼ҵıˣѾֽЩʵõˡ

ȻϷ˾ԼҶʱԽϲ磬Ҳǻӵģ˺ȻһԭϲźҲб˵ԵʡǰһҪȢϣԸƿС㣬Ϸ˲ԸԼҶǸɫģֻöǽʲôϲֶ̨Σʹϣӵġ
˿Ͻϣô뵽ܳɹܽͨϲϵˡ
ãȥֻҪýСҪʲôʹĸ㣡Ϸ˵

ܽƽˣҪʹͱҲøˡô룬ȴ¶ֻĸһµӣպȥǴʡв۵˵л
ȻҲΪ˵£




40.   40    ܽ˯ɫ

40
Ϸ˸һţ, ʮ£Ƥ΢ڣ˺, źЩ̱ģ

ȴϲ
ôڣֻʲô, Ը, ţ־ܸˡô, ԺܽסǰԺ, ˽ţǱȻǲġ
Ҳȱ㣬һ, ֻܿϷ˵ӡһ˳С㣬ܹܲס
ҪܺסϷ, һӶ, ʱ䣬ֻҪ㹻, ȻܽţֹԹ
ô룬ϿͿţסԺ˵, ֱ˶ԼûôϹѡ

ţѺӣЦȴԵÿ̱С㣬⡢ô˼أū澲ʲôû, ܾ͡

ô, ǶԴǰСڵĴ¶ֻߺضźˣûڹСסţ, һЦȴѧƽ˵ģ
˵ﻰĸǶˣȻñʾһȥԲ裬ôСŮͺ£Ҳ࣬ȥԭҲʲôźĺãպ󲻽ңĸҲе͡䣬˿ߵýԾӦѧˡ

ʵֹ֣ŷֶˡ
ţٰźģΪϤ˵ⷬ㱶Ϊڸ˵ˡʶʹ˰ͽǣģū澼ȻˣԵľźСʹͣԭū澸ġ

û˵ģİýİͽ㣬Цһȥðɣ

ţȥŷӦڵС㲻ǴСġҲûڸղŵ̬ȣȻϷ˴ģٰñͲãߣպ컯ΣнڣнϵĶڣĸԸġ



Ϸ˵㻰ڶ̫ҽͱ˰á

ʱƽҲڡ
ǰһ˵ĿܻڽаƽܾˣŲ£ȴû뵽չ̫ҽ
ƽͳȥˡ

ٲǰĬܣվүǰĸ˻ĸ׵Ķӣľ˵̫ҽĸ׿Ҵ鷿˼Ͷֽס˵£ұ˵һģ֪Ķûҵᡣ
䣬ţ֡

ţֲ֪̫ҽȥϷģϷģʲôν̫ҽ˾СһЦ԰ƽǵĺүϷ˺ܵķ˺СүⲻūСһźˡ

ֿһţ֡
Ҳǣ϶źǰ;ãȥҲţֻ֣ҪܸܽɽţǰҲܰź


ƽûţ֣Ѿ΢ͷһ̿ģ𣬰ƽˣΪ𲻸ѡο̫ҽŶѣˣټƽû塣
˵ͷȨ¹ȥˡ

̫ҽϵĶʱҲ΢΢ЩԾ˸Ϻʱ㼫ʱ϶˺

ϱκ˶⺢ӣ˻ŵɫɷף̫̫ҽӡ

̫ҽǿЦЦĪҪģӺܺá

ĺ
ϵ̫ҽգܾúӶøЩ

̫ҽġյӪãҲã˸ʳҪעЩʳĶͣˣȵÿҲֻһ٣Ҫ߶ٸҩץÿһ룬İɣ˺Ӷûµġ

̫ҽƶ˿ã̫ҽлл

ȴ֪ûôֹۣ̫ҽȥҩ

̫ҽףȥˡ
Ժм䣬ո굽ʲôƽʹ׷ͬ⡣

̫ҽɫص̫ã˸кʵǹˣҸոΪ̫ԭ򣬷ҲѰиء⺢ӱþȻȻ󲻽ΣգǷҲ

һģд¶ֿסˤڵϡ

ƽɫҲʮѿ
Ǿ;

ӻûأǰ᲻ΣգûʣΪΣգҲǽϸҪ
˵Ҫ￪ҩǲǡ

̫ҽͷȷʵǴķӡ
ȥˡʵһ䣬ƽ˶ӴôףΪʲôûУƽǶӣԼԺӪʣǱҩˡƽûʣڣ̫ҽû죬ֻҿҩºͣʮգҲŻᷢ׼ȵգٸ͸ţҵŲС

ôأ
ҧҧжѪζˣסû޳Ѿʧ̬ߵ̫ҽǰŵ̫ҽȾһҪȾ

ƽһ浣ĽϰΣһϸûһԼ֯һѽ˦ֻ̫ҽãһš̫ҽӲҪһӰΣΪأ

û뵽ƽȻȳˡ̫ҽ¸жѲ²߰ƽʹ˸ɫȥҩ

ƽ˼̵ȥ

ƽ̫ҽˡ

¶𣬼ղһˤƸӶðѪ˿ȴһʧǵģæ۵ȰСģûµģ̫ҽҽڷ˺Сү϶ûµģ

ûµġ
϶ûµģ
ûо˴ʹذ۽ֹᣬŽܻе£Ÿô졣˵⺢·ݵԭԭƽǴںӿҪʱ򣬽ȥԺġڡȥ̫ҽݣӦòܴڱԺյŰɣܣ¸ʲôҩǰԤ֪ǲܣҪسǵľͲʱ䣬͵ܻܵõ˰
ǲȥĺã·ݲԾͲ԰ɣȫҪƽӦ뵽ƽոհ˦ˤһӣֱ˿̣Ÿоˤ˴Ļۡ
˲ۣһųס˴һﰲ˽ϺŴҴȥҰƽ

ƽŵ鷿ԭΪǽû棬мľͳԲŰԼԳģȴû뵽̫ҽ˵Ǳҩ
˭µҩ
Ժ˴֮ˣ
˻˵ˣƽĪһţæɫ˽

Ľϣûע⵽ƽֱӰеĶ˵ˣĩ˵үܾܲڸ

Ȼܡ
ƽһǾ飬һҲ治Ը£̵ڸ㲻ùЩú̫ҽҸոѾ˵ˣһϢȥźҲң£ſģҲ

ƽ̬Ȳ˵գǺ͸ղŶ޴оЩ֣Ҳ˲϶룬ֻмлү

뿪ƽ鷿¶С㣬кү⻰ͳ׷İɣ˺Сү϶ûµġ֣ǵøϽȥ£˰̾Ͳˡ

֡
̧֣Ѫ˿Ѿɺˣ뷽Űƽ̬ȣովеָоˡ㰲ƽʵʺںİΣҲںǲǵģǲǺµİ
̫ҽ˵ʲô
޴ӵ֪Լ֣¶ҪЬӣһɣ͸
ܰƽ治֣ȫţԽʱ䲻࣬ܽϷˣǳԶĿɽǶڵĿɽ뾡취ֺòС



ܽ˯ɫڴϡ
ˣҹһΣ˯ʱһΣεտһĻʪ͸ϡ
ȥǱ棬棬ﵹãǰԿˡ
ԭΪ˵ġ
ûҹǴΣ粻òѣ
ƫƫڴʱСүū澽ˣ




41.   41    ˡ

41
Сܽźʱ䲻, ܽβּʩչһѧ±£ԱżƬûȵܽش, ޷һ, ʹŵӶͭݡ

ܽһڴ, ƫͷſ, ɫ, Ե۵׶ŭ㡣

СЦŽţէȻһĻЦݵס, ԭ׼õһƣûʼԼսˡ

ȥܽ, ͳпҪѹֲסŭ

СȻ, Ϊ˵ĻȻѧЩȴ, ʱõĺ˰취ȥԼ
Сһ˲ԥ
⼸մүܲ, ȥԼүҪ˵һŭ֮°ˡ뵽, СµĶ˶, ĵȴѧϰʱʦʦ˵ˣֻҪ, ȥͿ϶ѳֲס

Сţ׳ͭڵϣֿ½ڵۣ̿һţţţȴķɿ졣

ĶܽȻʲôһʱ侹˲ΪܵĻҹΣҹǰ棬һһŽ⿪·ϵ̿ۡҲˣδҲ󲻳
ǣˣһͲòѡеĵڶΣһıܷӦ֮ô£ڷǰˮգôûйҹȴ

СʲôأȥȥҳȥͻȻƽըһ˳ܽҲ״С

Сӵ檣δү檣ɲƽһ˿Լ塣߬ס½ڣߺ޵ĵƽƽ˵ҵģ
ûƻ
ܽʱĳĬСˣΪƽͻɹΪܽѾĳ⣬Ķˡ

ƽȴ֪ǡ
ҪǲүˣֻС³ǱӺﱻȥˣǷ˴ģҲ֪ʲô³
ڰС
Ȼεô꣬ʹӵ

ƽСȥаŲ¡

үСг

ƽǰһסСүٸСһλɣҪǱȥϷ˺ʹС㶼ġС㣬СϾСѾߣ¶ֵ˵С㣬СѾѵˣСذɣ

ƽ𻹺ãܽͷŭֹסŭǶСҲǶ𣬶ǶԼ
ĵߣһطԭ¡ƽܳĺ𣿡

үƽһףŵæˣүСģСߣ

СǸˣϻܽҪߣµҪߣƽҲᵽ֮ģ߬½ڣͨһܽˡ
үүҪū澲ߣūǾôߣظ¿϶СָָģСµľүū£ū澷ٲͿ£ū澣ҲСɣС˵߿ޣ汻ߣ˲Ͽ޵ĺÿֻܵĿš

ܽüСʲôѾҵѾˡ

ūСѾߣǷ˿ū澣ū򷸴ߣСͷ˿϶ǣġΪ£Сʲô˵ˣȥС㱻СƵˤС԰󱳶ʪ͸ˣǻū澾ȰСæС㶨Ȼ۸ˡСôϣ£½˻ᱳ˵лʲôûѾܶ˵ˣʲôֻ¸˵ĭӶὫû

ԭȥǴҲ硣
ܽȥǴνľʵǰ˻ˣѡȴԭʱСԼ
ȴûС
Ϊ˵
ܽüĸĬƬ̺󵽵׸⣺ȥԺûҵϷ벽

Ϸͳûˡ
ѾõĽСּۻۣӦǣȥ֪һˣ»صܽźˡΪѾˣԸүСǺܺõö

ֻʣˣƽ̽ʣүôˣ
С֣үĻҲˡźүô꣬ûδүôġ

¡ܽ˵Ҳ˵´ѣȥԺдһȭ

ƽĬĬſڣǾϲǴԥһδʳڡΪãүȻôҲǺ£Ѱˡ



̫ҽǵ֪˽ϿܱҩƽһһĵĽϣղ뽭ϷϲߣʱֻҪпձ㽭ˡ

˴ʱ䣬ʹ¶˰ҹæգ˫Ь˫ӣһһСĺɰ
ҪˢܽøУȻҪ԰Ѷ͵賿õĶ˷ϸһʹţֳˡ
ϣ硣

ˮûκβʣȴûĺҹͷգ䲻أҲܵһҹû˯áڶճ㿪ʼԣûšʵҲȻţ˵ˣ뵽ˮĵڶսϾ̫ҽܹ̽̽
˰㣬ۣҲ̧Ƴ

ţûʧһʱ䵲ǰֵס磺С㣬Ҫʲô

ŷţ֡
Ȼţ֣ȴţϷˣ鲻Ըķ֣ǸʲôҲкôǽ׽ˣ

ţЦС˵Цˣūθң

˵Ϲ
ˣ˵ң
㲻ţ֣ܶˣֻܶ졣ţڣҲҰѻ˵̫۵λεĶȴ¶˳㣬˵ǰĸ̫ҽˣô°ĸ£ǻûĵܻܵ£

⻰Ƕ
԰ɻأ֪ٱѾûˣˣԾˡ
ʧˣ͵ܵܣû¡Цţ㣬˵¡򿴹ˣŮηɱ컹ûתůôԼ

ŷȿԣıƽն࣬һ·ð˺ȴúõĲ˵⻰лЦ

Ȼóˣû˼ʱ䣬˻Ͷţֵ֣ĸԸȥ磬ǻǿȥɣ

ãСߡţְ磬һࡣ

ĻѾȼˣţڣҲƹţ־Ҫȥץ𣺡СˣΪ̧硭

С㣡ţٴվס磬ҳ׳С㻹ԣúǧſھĻСԶʲô˵˴Ϸ˶УǺ𣿡
˭Զ׼

Ҫˣǰܽ𣬽ţ֣ôôܽ׸磬ĸҲĸһĶ𲻿ϰ
ţ̧Ϸˣ絽ײΣֻݺݶ۵׺Ǻ޲ðƵġ

δֻ֣߰ɡԶЩˣЦŸţֵл֣ոллˡ

ţЦС˵ﻰǶūӦġ

ܸɣպҳޣ͸ĸ˵һȥźɣƽ¶࣬ȱܸ˰ġ

ţϲ⣬ȴСˣūֻǾ¶ѡ˵ūҲû뷨ūϷ͸ģֻúź

ЦЦû˵ġ

ţѾЦٴθԼҪźС㣬СźˣСΪ˵ǰ̲ܸá

˵ѾܽסƽͺŵС˵ˣԲͨͷȥ
ò̫磬ܽճͷԼ䷹ãÿճȭʱȴӳһʱߵԺͿܽȭһѾѵɫ㣬ȭĻ硣
ͣţæŤͷܿߡ

ţȴֿܽŵ̾үã
Ȼθá

ܽר־ȭûˣ⻰һ˵ܽһתͷͿ˲Զˣˡ




42.   42    ڼһգỤһ

41
ܽƽٶԡ, û뵽ڳ˾ңƽһЦĵſڡ

ү, С㶼ˣǲȼ, ͷ÷

ûߣ
ֲܽճȭ, ȴ䵭Ĳ飺ù˵

˻ǰ㲻ں, Ϊźƽȴ֪, ǡǡ෴ǰ㲻ںүͼʹʲôˣһϵ, ǴүŤڹӡ
үڱŤʲôأ
ƽˣȻûܽһͰ̸Ƕʲôԭ򣬵Сû, үȴǿСӺɻ, ʪ͸ģġ
ģܺá
үı仯, ȻǺܺõģѲ˹ϵ˵ҪңǴСڷԭ³, Ѿˣүףˣɬˡ˻Ť̫, Ǵү, ǱŤĳ̶ȸǻӱ
ƽûȰֻСȥ˳ҲС˵һٵһ

ܽһ, Ƭ̺󵭵ȥк£ǣٵˡ

ǡƽӦ¡
ȥ˷ߵԺǰܽոյĻʵ˵ˡ

Ȼϡ
ЬǴ¶ģȴȫģҹİƷȻҪֽܽ˳˵һֺõĻˢĺøС
û£ҽ£ٵȵҲҪƽȥź÷ɡŴӣ𿴼Ѿ緹ܽȴְ˳

ƽõĻشЦеͷСҪҪƫ˳ȿڲԿġ

ˡֺܽģɲܵġ

ܽ˹緹û̧ͷ⿴ȴ֪վԺûߡˣӦûŴڳ߿ʶһ㣬÷ٶȾ͸ˡ

ƽݺЦһμ˵ģС㲻ߣ˵Ҫ緹˵

ܽһ٣Բȥˡ
û˵ʲô£ʡ

ƽѾţİҡͷû˵

ܽԡ
Ѿôãѵٵȥ콥תůͷţһŮӼҡָָԺôãʲô£ܽ˲Щˣ
Ҫʲô£
ܽԼ֪Ǹκټôʱ˿̣÷ߺޣ˵ǶԼǶֻţ£

ţֱƽסװĲԽš
硣䲻֪ܽΪʲôʱ䲻̬֪鲻̫á˽źֻˣ͹ɵվڱϲˡ

ܽﻹŸͷһҲ뿴𣬵ҲԲȥ˱ֻͷͷ
ʲô£䵭롣

ԭӵˣȻй⣬ΪԵʣûޣܽ
ǰϴ򿪣ʵ磬Ҹ˫Ь˫ӣһɰҪڸףܶೡ϶Ҫɰġʱֻüһٸ㻻Ŵ

ϴ˵ҪŲգʱȷʵǽˣô̵ʱ䣬˫Ь˫ټһɰĪһֱû˯
ܽʶ̧ͷȥ
ͼڿϹǳǳЦճγ۾ȴͨ죬۵ҲһƬ
⸱ģǰĺˡ
ܽĵĳһ̲ס£ȻȴջߣҲ䵭ˣˣҲȱЩȫߡ

ס
ôǲûֺã˵ˣֻЬɰôⶼǵﰡ
ϷˣͶõֺá԰ƽҲܵͷвܽ治֪ô졣
磬ǲϲ𣿡ҧҧȻΣЧϰ취ʱ˿ǻ

һǻܽͷָʱսˣֻ֪ΪлûԵ˼ͬУ޳˼޳Ϊ
ӲĻһǣߣȴɣǣҲȱ̫Ҳòϡ


ǲǣôЩ
ӣſǻҰգصظģҵ⡣ҡǲҪҲû˿ɸѲҪˣ磬㡭ǲǲϲңԲŲҪĶ

˵Ļ
ָܽٶֱδɿڡ

ѵ᲻ˣ
ǣΪܽû̧ͷ
ѾЩˣδĵܵñȣ˲ʲôŵܽһȻһ˫ᣬ磬֪ҲãӦҲȫΪ㡣磬Ҳûİҵãֻм㣬Ҳֻ㶫ҵ⡣磬㲻ϲңҲѶºòã

ĽǶȣܽ뿴Ҳ
ذ׵СѾ˺üۣΪޣ۾ˣ۵׵㲽ôһģܽʱ޳˼ֻǱ˳һƵģۣĲ
Ϊ˸лŰġڸα۸ְæôмΪҪлô󡭡
ܽѿھ͵ûвϲ㡣

𣿡ոջһ۵׾ǹ⣬۾ỹȻ䣬ȴѾ𼤶Ц磬ûвϲ𣿼ˣҵĶ˶Բԣ

ţܽʵûپܾˣ۾ġšһ

Эˣ
ôߣСĳܽĿţ磬Ժòãԣﲻʣٸġ
ͻȻ뵽ŮбֱܽЬˣԸµЬࡣûϣ²͵ܵõδܽξźЬ໹治ʲô
ǿϧӡ
ˡ

û⳶ܽţټڰŰôܽҲ˶塣
ǸιȥûãʵͰô򷽲žܾʱ˻޳ܵģʱܲ롣Խǲȥ룬ԽǿƲסͷи޳ܶħͷΪʱֻҪ޳һЩͷһȻܿû޷ģŮ˵Ĳλ
ˣܽȻЩĵһͷԡһ£Ȼȥɣ

ԴҲ벻ͨܽΪλ֣ʵ
ֺòɣᡣ
ɵĵ磬ˡա˵úɰܾܽȴɣҪˣɻҪѣ

ϣܽҪ

㲻ٶ˵תӽ۽ͳͳ̧ȥȴû뵽һֻŶ̤ϷˣȴͻȻܽ

㲻һ˱ָָһôãЬɰ±˵ʳڣܽžԼˡ

Ȼ¡
Ѿţ֣Ϸѽ˾˵ʲôҲֻ˵
Ȼô˵ܽܽδ㴹Ȼ¡ǴôãЩʲôԼﶼⲻȥ

ûʲôȴôмܽ뵽С˵Ļٿģʵʸܣܡ
ܡ
㲻ùⲻȥҲûʲôܽȥԼͻȻôʵɡ

ξңҵĶˡ⻰һ棬һҪ棬ǾԺҪܽȡ

ˡ
̫ˡ
ܽٴε㲻㡣ҴӦ㣬ڼһգỤһգġ
ǳŵ




43.   43    ǲҪúܳܳ

43
ʱ, ۾ţȴЦ

ţֿ첽ӭЩȵС, ǡˣ

Ц۽ǣʹ˵, Щ, ûס

ţֲЦСһûţҲ, ʹС, Ҳ
Ϸ˶˵Ҳ֪Сô£Ͷ˴СԵ, ûá

ͷתһƽСסʲôط

ƽһΪѵС㣬Сˡ

ˣ
ʲôˣʡ

ƽ, ͨķ纮

òп, ԭȥСĵģһ˵С˷纮, ֻܴͷϾ±˲նҪȥ, һǾˡ
㶣úóҩؾûİ취εʲôҪĲ, ֱҡ

ƽͷ, ̾ССã

Щ½ƽ֪֪ˣΪܽź, ܽܰˢøС
ʵʵҲǶСãΪ˴磬ҲҲΪ˴㡣⻰һȦָˣ˵ܾóҶãǸˣȴúүӱȽϺáСС;һڷԭ£Ĺ֪꣬ȵĶûУͲùСһģҲǸõģܳĻӴиϸˣð
⻰ǹ˵ģ˵ˣȴЩᡣСﰮҾƶЩҲ۹ﳤġܽأųûȻȥԭ൱û˵һҪңǸôһˣûʲôֵþҲйذɣ
֪۾ͺˡ
һزΪ˸ܽЩۡ

ƽ˵ۿﵽ׶¿ΪЩҲܵġǰȻǺʹүһڷԭ³ģÿ¶лظһˣÿλֵܽö׵ĲУү˴С㣬ϷˣҲбϲأɲǹһ˹
СĺСһҲŴүи֪ȵˡСãүȴƽ̾˿

ɳСҲûбѡ˰
˵Сòѧ汾£ǶУǱ˾͸ˡ
Ƭֻ̣ܵСŬŬɣƽСһã̸ҡ

ƽͷС㣬Сû֮ǰҴүΰɣүһңҲΪôȭû£ǰС㻹ΣСˣүͳˡ㿴ڴСϣСΰɣСƴүŴСԸ⻤Щ͸ԶԸͨ˵ء

ԭƽô˵ҲҪˣοʹ㾭
ţ֣̾ϢŵͷһġֻҪܽͨ˵Ϊ˴㻹ΪΣĶᾡȥ

ƽҪˡ
Ϊô˵񿴼δ
СлС㣡Ҫǲʣƽֱ¸ĸͷȴ룬ͷĵģܽҲˡ

ҡҡͷл
ƽٰſҸЬſɺʣﲻʣҸĸġ

ߺƽݵܽߣ̾˿

ܽû
Ȼ֪ոƽſں˵˻ӻȻҲе˵ʲô޺ϣû£ֿʼ

ܽ޶ԣƽ̾һ

ܽͻȻɤ̲סһ

ƽ͵Ц
֪ԼǶϲʣþգССϸЬϲʣ˵ǲʣȥһġ

ԭ˵
ֻۣܽܵġšһ

ƽҲߣʮŰˣٰһأѹ¶
С̫ˣСķ̲סΪʲôôãСĻûʣСԼȴ˵ˣСˣ̫ˡ

ô˵ˣ
ۣܽüʣô˵ˣ

ƽ飬æͷ
ǣô˵ˣ˵ҪЬѣҪأС㶼ˣ˻ʲô˵ƽͻȻˣ̧ͷֱܽ

ȴϣܽܿ
ֱۣʱԼ˵ƮҵסҲҪĶ

ƽĶô죿

ܽĬãƽΪȲشʱ촽һһϣ³֣ˡ

ƽһ͡
ݵģ
ǡɴӦˣȥһ߽ĶùȴǵүСС̫ˣôʵϧҪòţȻ͸СİɣСĿԴЬôСֳЬһСĿø

ܽٿȻۣƽĿŭ⡣

ƽһŵһæүˡСԽˣСߣСĺֳʸ񴩵ġ

ǰǹңֳû⣬⣬ڦĻҪһ׮鷳ˡ
ܽĿŭʧתΣɣ

ǡƽȴϲء
˵û˵һү᲻ˣ



ܽȥ˰ãƽŽ緹Σֻ뿪

˵ƽΪЩ֮ǰжˣϲôǰ̬ô󣿻У֮ǰ飬Ҳۼ׶ġ
ʲô֪
лɣ˭Ҳû˵˵ȥˣţֻǴ¶ǰƽˣܸãΪͺŸɵġ
ǵģƽʹ˺

Ȼζܲ˵£ʱˣðƽڵʱ͵ſȥϣʱ䣬ô¶æԸܽɰȻƽְܽܽµ
ʱȥܽǣǴѵĺáѲԸ

ֹȥ졣
ﻹʲôûУţֱѺɰһ̤ܽԺӡ

һܽڴȭȴ

𰲰Ľȥţû֪ܽ㾲һȭڴͣ£첽ӭȥ
磬ã۾䣬Цĳݡ

ܽŷˡ
ôˣ
ܽԣĿƶûͣһ㣬ӹţֻİ
ʲô
̶ʱ䣬Īְҹˣ
ܽĪЩĿ䵽ϣƼ۵׵ڽǰûкת˵ˡ
ﲻˣ˶ɢ㣬ջߣһ仰û˵ͽϷ

һţֲƽͷЩֱӰѰ𣬵ū澻Űɡ

ŰߵϷſڣȴҲҽ
ǲҪúܳܳʱԡأ




44.   44    ܽãҰ㵱ס

44
ܽ˺һ, վſû⿴ֻܿɫ嵭Сȹ, 紵һҡһҡ

׻ƽסʾү, ԡ, ÷

ܽ΢۾, ۵Ǳ紵ҡڵȹ, ͷСΪ˺㣬ȹſ, ɽڣɵǰ
ƽä
վ⣿

ܽٳûָʾƽſڿ, ΢΢Щ, ΪүϴһҪС, ȼС
ȭһ, ѬС㣿

ܽ벻ƽȴ뵽ˣֻ˼ֱ˵ֻȻԡɣСбˮ, Сͽ

, ȥСܽ
ʡøϻһãȶáôʱ, һŮӼңֲãܹá

ƽȥ
ôˣһŮӶϲġŲŽǰͣ£ӲͷƤүŴһʱȭȣôĺ

ܽĿ¶ѯʵĿƽ
ʲô
˭ȭǻдȭ

ԼӾǿľͷƽ߻СһεεĹңȴһѬ𣿡

һ
Ҫƽգܽ㲻ںƽô˵ſڣǿƽǰҪԼһˡ
סˡ
ˣʮ䵭ĵá
ѬˣͲˡ

ƽˣΪʵûӵľֻһͷߵſڡܽһֱûסֻš

ȴܸˡ
ϴܽôãαΪҲҪܾãȴû뵽ôҪˡŰβÿˡȻ޶˵£ܲ޻ǲ޵ĺ
磡һţٴ¶õЦ

ܽλĿ⵭Ŀ鲢δõЦʲô仯ӲҪ˵еĻǾüһԽԽ
ʲô£ͬ䵭

ϰˣȻҲ⣬Ͼԭ֪ܽٻǻġ첽ǰŸܽߵķǰվ͸оܽһ㣬͵һ߱ܿˡ
ôˣãȻ

¡ܽһ߱Щ

û룬ֻ򿪰Цóһһ磬ҸҪҪԿô˵꣬Ŀ£ͷܽûʹ¶ЬЦ΢磬Ьﲻôû

ûвʡֻܽشǰһ⡣

ԥ£ʣôû

ܽĬ
֪ôش
봩Ȼǡ
ʲô
´˾𲻸ģô˴ԼͲˡ

ܽĬ˺ܾúܾãĬʱһ׹䣬ʱжˣھжѹѹ̬ܽԼЬѹǲЩˣΪξܴġ
ֲ֪£ϵЦҲûˣ𾲾Ƭ̵ʹ۾ϿֿܽôԶļһᣬᵱһΣסˡ

ʲôû룬Ҳ˲롣
ַŻذʲôû˵ֻİãȻڻת̧ߡ
һ
ʼû
ѹֺ£Ҳ֪ѹܾܽѹµЩѿֻ֪Σգµܻܵû˻š
ûŬѾǳǳŬˣⲻʮյĹôߣȵӼҪծʱĻ࣬Ļݡ
ûá
ƺٶ࣬ûá
𼸺Ҫ̲סᣬͣͷ±ȥȻ̧żߡ

ƽոûŽţΪ뿴汻Ѭģվſڣ˵ĶԻȴΪүȻ֣СҪߣ϶˽סģС㶼ߵſˣүƨûһ
ƽּܽһ䣬æ𣺡С㣬ȱߡ

ǿЦ£һ¡

ʲô°Ǳ͸ˣ
ƽͻȻ¿ˣԼҴүӣ磡СҪһȫϵϣ֪Ҫ˳ǧٿ׵Ŀ
үû͵ЬΪ᲻ôƽ۾һ

һסܽҲ̧ͷ˹

ƽȥˣСûƭү᲻ãСĸϸˣǲţСȥүͷǹ

ƽ˵ĵʣģ
䣬תͷܽ

ܽȻ᲻ãȷƽˣƽˣ⻰һ˵͸᲻ôһ˵ǣһ˫类ͨ죬һ˫ۣǡ־ɤƵģô

ѾЩˡ

ΪţƽѾһ䣬ĲܽͷĲ˳ЬԼɰ㲻Ĳ߽ͼƽĵɫ¶ͷɫĲٴһ㣬ͷǰɫɽⲼִһ㣬澹һķľϻӣֱľϻӴ򿪣Ĳ
ƽһ㲼򿪣¶ͷЬࡣ
С

һ仰˰ˡ
С˫Ь˫ӶѣʲôϡģҪҸٶ԰
˵뵽߲̫ãôǸϷˣҲֻйϷεߣոβġ
ԣܽô꣬ѵˣûյЬ᲻ô

ƽͷԼӣѾزˣͷһͷҲһС㳹׺ˣһҲ̫ˡ
𣺡֪ΪʲôүһҪԶԶģ𣿡

ҡͷ
Ӧòᣬ治֪ԭ

ƽܽвõԤУæڡ

ƽȴΪүոմһʱȭһĳѬӣԲűģ

Ȼ
ˣѻĲһţתͷ嵽ܽǰ磬ô룬ô㣬Ҳģ

ܽѾƽŪãĪˡ
֪ԼΪʲôǾöˣ̣ŵƺð˺ոսƽʱ˵ⷬƵ˻ȥ

㷴ӦǱ˼Ĳ˼һʱûܣֻ֪ۣҲΪոձ̫ãբй㣬ͣˡž£ŵ͵ͽ硭

ƽʱ죺С㣬ǴүڸֻдСһ׵ģС޺󡭡

ҾǴ׵ˣ𾪣мжѰ󱣻ֺãҲûʹƽĻٴǰһͷŵܽһһĵ磬Ը⣬ͰҵðɣҲ׸㡣


һһΣԼӦ˽Ҫôһ֮뿪֮ǰֻޡ֮ǰı޿ɱˡ
Ȼ޿ɱܣֻܲܡ
ƽ죬֪Ҫұųʲô
ܽٴЩ壬˿ãҰ㵱ÿ
ϣҲе˼ȻܲǾͰÿɡ

ЦһЦһĨᣬܽӣʵСҪ׸磬ʮָмܽܽ׿ڴӦ˰ãʲôŮһȥˣһץ֣ܽ磬Ҹ֮ǰЬ࣬ҿɲܣԸҿ

ŮӵССģܽôţȴ΢¶̵ĶҪˡ
֪νãǸԼ˸ӡ
޿ӣ




45.   45    ô꣬˽ϣ㡭

45
𵽵ǵｿų, ܽﳹûеˣ㲻¶˼ֹĽܽǰ, Ҳᣬ˫ЬһԵ
ȥ, 㣡

˵Ҫ˵ÿ, ܻܲͲ, ܽ·, ȥ

ͻȻ뵽ȥǴܽҴѵ£򵥺ôһأ
Ǹ, ס磬òýƽȥ㣿

ܽҲȥǴΣŲ, ֱ˽, ԶԶֳأ

̲סǡ
룬粻ֲ˼˰ɣ
ΪĹһҪ, ȴԭڷԭ´̫꣬Ե, һС¾Ͳ˼ˡ

ۿȴü۷ƽ̾ԵĲ˵͹С, ͹ǧϲˡү㲻ͨ, ܿҲˣҪǻСôЦһ, һ磬ȥС

ƽЦָ˳ƽ⼸գСôˣ

ƽ˵Ϲšûأ񲻸ҽ¹˲ˡ

̾
СѲõӣ׺ߣѧʮ˰㡰աʹһоôˡƫƫһôá
ѵҪһ
ҪԸҪƯҪв׵ġȥңҪˣ´ӦûӦҵ뵽΢΢ɣúţֻˣġ

ƽǣСѾˡ

ƽ䣬죬æתͷǰͿܽѾһɫˡ
ĽΪǲҲܺܺõΣΪܽԼѣ˷ҲüĿ忡ȳӢ˲ʵǺÿˡ

۾ǰܷ⣬ܽôţƿߡ

ÿ磬㴩ɫÿرӢǾЩŮˣȻϲ߲⻰ֻ˵û˵

ܽƽһΪһ̧ʾЬ

𣿲ɣҲŰɣ񿴸һܽƮݣҲֻǴͣЬæıȥˡ

ʡֻܽ֡

ǾͺãȴţҵÿٸմȭЬ඼ķѵĿءܸˡ

ܽü˵ˣҲ֪˵ûãοˣø㶫ôˣ
⻰ԣٰҹȻҲҪ

ûŰȻżͷӦ£Ǵ磬ǲͶҲɣ

ܽһۣܾĻ˵ÿæʱ䶼ŵĺܽգ£㻹Ǳĺá

ûб֪ÿ˴ȭӦûҪģҾҲᳳ㣬ҾͰһ𣿡

˵̶ֳҲֹˣ֪ܽ˵ʲôûˡȭȫǿζ£ˣôӦҲͻȤ˰ɣ
ܽû⣬ֻЬ඼ʣľͲˡһҪԡ÷û£ذɣ

ԡ£׸Ҳܵͷοûˣֲܽ˵³˶⣬ʲôҲûС
ãȻȥˡ˵תϷ

Ǻ۾Цţţ澪ˣС㣬Сˣ

뵽ǰĻѻеΣˣǡ

ôֿˣ

ЦΪҸߣ˵Ҿһã˵ֲôҵÿӽҲҵÿˣ
̫ˣ˵üɫ裬ţ𾪵ĵɴۣ̫̲סЦ

ţֵȷ𾪣С˰ɺ˴С㣬ż찡߶ѣһֱʲôĲĴүҲסˣ
ʱϷ˵һϢ˵үܱСȰ׷ҵģ

ЦϷƽ̲סЦ

ܽıӰƽʱͳ£Ϣᴫȥ˵Ҳˣƽֻˮգҿ۳µԸܷ

ƽԴԸ
ܲԸ
ԸǴӣϻûҪ죬ô˵ķԸǮ
ǿѪǮ
ҪȢϱǮ
ƽ۵ĵѪﰵģһ׬ģӱ׬



̫ҽ˵ϷҩʮգҾͻᷢѾˣƽã׻Ǿܵһϵ·ݡ˵ͽϻδɻýϴ˶ӣ˵϶ĺӲģϾ˲֪࣬⿴ϵ·ݾ֪⺢ȷʵкܴܲģΪɷõǼȥÿ죬ûòǰܽнеġ

岻ʺŲǾֻܰ˳ˡ
ϷˣƽȰŴãȥסաһϷ˳ţϱҪȥǶ˾͵źλ˶ȥˣǼȻҲšһŮţܽڿǷΧڣȽŲãܺԺ飬ֻܶүԼٵүͬ

ƽΪһ֮˵һ˶ʲôֺֿã˲վʰ׵ڽϷ̫ҽҩʮһյϣƽſһӳš

ϷȥɢɢһҲĽ϶СڴſڻЩԥȻһǲȥˣȽ˵ɣ
֪ģ֪Ϸ⼸յˣ浣ġ

ȴ֪飬廰ĸףɩҪأڳȥתתȴɩˣСﶼ᲻ȥˡ

ǰ»أƽ

ҲȰǰĸףͺȥɣǲģȻڼ￴Ŵɩ

Ϸ˵ƽͰ־ܾˣ˶ãڼأҲҽȫסˣµġ

˻˵ʲôүǰأźúźĲùܡ˵ɩֲǵһоˣֻ£ŸһС

үô˵̲᲻صĴһ£С˵Щʲôأ

ƽͲ˶үἰٴ£ƫ˻أ˵ͺˣһֱӵĸףʱˣ̰ɣ

һϷ˶Щ˶˵

Ϸһƽûˣתȥˡ

һĬĬվڽ䣬һо۵ףĵϸ֪Ϊʲôӿһ˿
ʲôȴ˵
ƽʱܺãҽҲˣû⡣ܽڸû˵ף̫ҽѾ˵һ͹ϸأʵ벻ʲôֵòģֻܷ¡



ƽظֱԺȥˡ

ǺǳУ綼ȥˣȴûʸȥʱ䰲ƽϣʱ伸ڽţյͻȻʵ˾
үôˣæЦĿ첽ӭȥ

ƽû˵ڷְֱʱһ˦Щѷˤ

ǽվȣѾɷİƽĲүʲô˼檡ʲô𣿡

ƽ俴ŷԼ˵

Լ˵
ԼѵǸҩ±֪ˣ
ĸˣ֪ҲܳϣȻ˵һ˫ŮᱻǣһģĴͷС檣檲֪һ˴ԺУʵڲ֪ʲôǵúү

ǡƽЦһ̶ϲյݺ˷ͷϰ֮ˣ󣬲յֱڷͷ˻

ʹ־壬ͨһ͹ˡ
үͷȻѪ

ƽüδжۣڽϽǰ˷Сʮ꣬·һһŮδصĴ
˵˵̬ǶԴķˣ

һָоٲ˵ľͲǲյǵˡ
ﵽϧģæͷأ޵ǣ檡ڷǰµ˵㶫Ƕǳ˶ԷҲûӰ죬Ҳ뺦ˣ檡ôΪ˺ү

ΪңƽʲôЦЦˡ

ǰƽȱߣһȣǣΪ˺ү˼ȷʵһһˣǶģȴĺӣôһ֪·ݲԣ˽үϲҲɷ򻹻ŵʱôǺӶġ檡̫̫ںˣΪҲΪǺͳѪĲֳðĺӰ

ƽס°ʹ̧ͷֱûʹڽϵ£ǵô꣬˽ϣɻжԱ¹֣

ͫȴҲûҡͷûУ檶췢ģûУ

ûУƽʣֱѷˡ

ûУַģһΣûˡү檣檿ԷģΣû¹֡檸ѣͽ֮أ

ƽһŵϺĺû£Ȼ֮̽أ

⻰ŵɪɪ
ͬʱҲЩң϶ĺӣǲǺүģǣΪӣүҪɣϾźô꣬һ˫ŮŸ֣ڣ
⺢ӣѵģ
ɡɶҲ˵⺢ӲӦİ




46.   46    £硭

46
һ, ˵ǼΪĵ£Ϊãȴøˡ

˰õȴҲû̫Ľ, ϾҪɻȺƽСү, ȴǿòǮġ

Ҳܸ, ȥϷ밲, ҲٵҲ, úײ϶үˣӺһ¾ʰҩҪˣҲûİ, ̫Ľϣ㲻ܰƽڲڣ˯Ժ, ʱȫ˰ˡ

ڵʮ, Ϸҩµ죬һ簲ƽճȥϳ, ϴʰñ˰ã㽭緹ĵ, ͻȻɫһ䣬еˤڵأαһ˫˶ӡ

ڡһ嵽סϣô, ǲǶ, Ҫ𣿡

۵üĽ壬ԥŵ˵ͷӦǡ
һѾȥʮ룬ʵѾ˵ʲôо, ͻȻ۵ַ̫ҽҩӦҪˡ

æ˱źϵѾߣһԸǰѽϷȥ缸վ͸ĲһԸȥˮд¶ȥźҽš
ԸһȦ۶̶ʱ۵ǺĽϣЩµĽţ֣֣үڼңҪ̫ҽǲǿֱȥҶǱߵҪү

ǵġֵͷүбһԷнūȥҪ

ãȥߵ
źҽźܿˣˮպö˽ȥ̾͹ˡ𲻷Ҫȥͷȴۻ಻˵ϾǸңϲ翴һĻ
𱾾͵ģͷʱʱǿҲ̲סĵ͵ͺʹһľһֺֻݺ߬סһ첻ܺˡ

ƫƫʱţһżСܽС㣬ϻڸ

ֲڸ
ȥĶˣ𼱼һæڣûб˿õȥҪ

ţҡͷһյĵУ˵ʲôڼҲ±͵ɱǧˣ
ţ漱½Ϻͺв⣬Ļεǰ̾ûˣ

Ҳִһ̲סĺʹ֪ʱ򼱲ãӶڣֻһš
֣ھͽȥ׳Ȼȥһ˺үҪȥ̫ҽֻߣȥ룡

ūȥţӦˡ

ţˣ»ǲȻ֪еһһҹ⣬ӽϽڻӣ̫ҽ;ġ
ò룬һƽأǲǾ벻̫ҽˣ̫ҽڣ
𲻸ȥд¶ţһ·ȥܽԺӡ

ܽԡ׼緹һƵĳû˾ȴˣæһվʲôˣ

괭˼Ȼżææ磬ҪˣҪ̫ҽүڣڹеҲòҡҽţȥҺүˣҲ֪ܲҵ磬ΣգҲ֪ôˣ磬˵Ҹôѽ
Ȼ֪ţܽͺ㣬֪ͼЩ״Σ˵˵Ҳ̲סۿһ˫ȴεĿֻܾܽһ

̷ܽԸƽƽ죬̰ȥһˡ

ǣСȥƽæ

ǡҽֻ

ܽͷƽ˻ġ俴һżģ˵ʲôȴû˵

磬лл㡣ӣڲǿ޵ʱƽȥҰƽˣӦ̻ߴţӦ⣬ҲǸ
̧̧ţȴ߲
ԥȻ֪ãȻ֪ԼҪܹ֣̲ס磬£ɲԸһȥţҡЩ¡
ѾûеˣиһϾûˡһ뵽ҲƲסᣬһһᣬһһۣܿģˣֻȴ˲ò´ܽͷӦ

ܽҲ˵ܾĻ˲ϻû緹˵ͷá

ܽţЩ
ȴʱȴǺѰһһĿ޺ţֽȥ˺˵磬ܽȥֻڲſڲϵȥ
ŽϵĿ޺ʱررļ尾УͻȻĲҽУŲźҽһ𾪺
һ˲ĺֹͣˣȴӦİǵϣһһʣôˣôˣʲôˣ

֪ǲŻҽŻصû£С㣬ȥϰļûʢһüһ棬ҪЩ

æԸ¶ȥ
Բģʲôﵽôˣ𣿣

Ƭ̣ﴫû£û£ġ

ôܲİ
벻ܲ˳ȥ½ϲˣʱˣ治ǽ

¶ܿһ棬ξǲһͰѶȥˡ

ǳ˶ˣϱͳĺʹҲЩҲǰţ۵ʵ̲סˡ
ţʱѰˡ

ܽҲû뵽ģͽʲôϵûУһһĺʹҲ̲סžǸųȥȻʲôģ֪ţǻţ϶ãˡ

ôһζûгڵĳƺô꣬Ψһż̲ס뵽ҪǻŸöõˡ
ﲻܻˡ
ȴͬѾû˵ûˡһŮӣֲǺС㣬ǽиһô죿Ѿףһ˶ûУǱ۸޴߿ࡣ
ܽһԹˣ̲סſڣʼЩżƽôû

硣֪ʲôʱѾߵܽߣ̲סקס䣬磬û°ɣһûµģԲԣ
ЩԼΪʲôҪͬһأҧ˲ͬ⣬Ͳþһĥˡ

ûµģһûµġܽͷ𣬿̫Ѿ׵ۣһһ˵

صͷǿЦ£ţ϶ûµģ

̲ܽס˵ȥʱƽų˽ȴֻһˡ

Ķˣһ˾Ҫȥ

ֿܽһѷס򣬽˰뱧סǰ߼ӭƽǰʣ̫ҽأں𣿡

ƽһͷĺ˲ϲһŭĵ̫ҽûСĸȥţȴ֪Ǳ߶үʲô£үһ絽ź̸ϹȥˡСĲôֱӸȥңСĶָ췢˵ߵСˣҵ˾ǲϰȥ̫ҽ֪ǷҪˣ

ô죿
벻̫ҽô죿
Һµ˼㣬ǰʹˣֻܽ»̳Ųסˤϡ

ƫƫʱﴫű򿪣ҽųˣ̫ʵѾ۵ιȥˣС㣬취ɣɵȥȵþˣ˺ӶΣհ

˺ӶΣգ
䣬һƿܽһƬհ׵űǰײײͨһʵʵˤ˵ϣ˷Ӧȥ֪Ļٶǰȥ

С㣡¶̲ס޳

ƽĨĨ۾Ҳһᡣ

ܽıӰ̶̼·ȴ˺ܾúܾãõıӰǱץˤۡ
̲ס̧׷ȥ
ڲſڣܽץסֱ֣Ҳڷܽԥϵĵã£԰ȥ̫ҽ㱣֤һ

˫һ˿ɣ͵תͷܽҲָ˼㣬㣬̫ҽ𣿡

ܽ΢΢֣صܣ㱣֤

£磬㡣

ңܽٴ֣ɿתҽţΣȰæסʱڣҶȻ̫ҽ

ҽæ˲Ρ

ãҽ˵ܽһӦ£ԸţֵȥĸȡһЩ˲˵ҽȥȡġ

ǣūȥţӦתߡ

ܽҽŵͷֿ𣬱̧һ·ǿ˳ȥ

ƽϡ
ܳ˰úƽ̲סү̫ҽҵ˸ʶûкү벻˰

ܽŲֻͣǱ·ȥ⸮ȥһ˳ɹʴҪһ

ƽӦ£ںſҪֵʱͻȻԹү̳֮λСĺôǺӵĳ棬㲻˵ǶʶҲԸ

ܽһ̶ݼһ˻̧ȿ˳ȥ




47.   47    úһ۳ķˣ

47
˲
һ, ŨصѪζ˱Ƕϵߣͼұ½ɫ԰ף޳ʪ, ţȻʧȥʶ
ϥڴ, һסϵ, , ѰѾȥ̫ҽ, ̫ҽϾͻûµģҲûµģ

˿ӦûС

ҧ, ǿᣬһһѽЩӲֱָȻ΢΢, ˽´ѾҧѪ߰, ֪ǿ£±񱻵һۡ
ֻһ, ˵ˡ

С㣬, ֻʹ˹ȥ΢ЪЪһƬ˲θϣ̫ҽ, ȻܾСүġģ, һߵĲ̲סο
ˣͷһģĺ, ʱȴûгûˣֻӡ
̲סҡͷ˶вװ

ͷءšһ
ţܽһ̫ҽ
Ҳţһûµģ

ţȡ˲κýϢһӣźҽűЯһƬһУûһͰѽϽˡ

æȥô𣿡

ϼΪԼˡ
̫ˣҲ̫ˣ񶼿ˣҪǶһĺôȥˡɲаûأѾû˵Ҳûˣöİ
գգۣȻһʹ˻ʵСһѣʶߣʶ𾹲˲
𣡡Ͻüѵ˭ģȥȥѾŭ㣬ʵ̫ѵ͵ګûС

ɫȴ֪ˡ
ãͳȥһҲûΪԼ粵ֻסϵ΢΢˵£Ҿȥ̫ҽˣ̫ҽϾ͵һ̣ͺӿ϶ûµģ

ϷĵͷȻȥ

һͷ˳ȥ

һأһʹϮٲƱ飬¶ģò״ⲨʹȥˣŲҽ֣˽еߡ

ˣ˵ʲôʡ

֣ڶϣְ˵ḧ˸ȻҺͺֻܱһң

ȰĻˣҪҲҪ氮ӾͲúûûһǧ˵ɥ˺ܶܶȰĻȴôû뵽ϾȻ˵
ʶ㣬ǵһμĸס

ȴѾۣٴɫ͵ڶۡûн͵˼û⣬ҲΪšǣӶҪǿԣȷʵԸȥˣӣһӡˣԺ󲻽û˱𣬾ԼССͻҪٱӡ
ͷĺӣˣΣġ𲻸ӣһӡ

ҽ²ţŲŷӦŵŶŶãõģ˷İɣСүûµģ̫ҽϾˣ

̫ҽĻ
һҲˣ֣ѾᶨΪǰƽˡҪȻΪʲôѸһʣĶ򷢳ȥˣΪʲôƫƫҲ˴ȥˣΪʲôҲôҶҲˣ
Ȼһ⣬˺ӡ
룬û⺢ȴôǲǰƽճʳʲô
д𰸶ǿ϶ģҲûиԼֻعԼѡ·ֻԼ̡

ýû뵽ǣ̫ҽˡ
̫ҽˣõϢҲˡ

̫ܽҽںſײ˸˵㼱Ժһ·˰á

̫ܽҽһ·СܽѵȵýƵһԭȻϲһǰӭһ̫ҽ磬İ̫ҽˣ

ܽͷһֱ̫ҽſڲ֡

ϹͷֱҪɢˣһɣ̫ҽʹִűԹ
Ѿ٣屣úãʹˣܽ۵糸·һأǴӺſڵ˰ôקһ·񱼣һֱעرֻ¾Ҫôֱȥүˣ

ʧˡܽ˸񣬵

ߣ̫ҽأϿҩ˵ģҲ뿴ܽһ˦ӣת𣬵ʲôˣһСҲͷźҽţĸҽи

˲ų

̫ҽ˽еһʱСŸϵˡ
ãĸôˣǰץסֺڴ

ѽϵ˵ˡ

ô㣡ɫأԾŵٿܽһۺȥ̫ҽ̫ҽĸӦô죿

̫ҽѾ˵һصǣ˵ƾԼܰѺҲܲǾǴ˺ͺһ
Ҳʲô취ûС̫ҽšü˵俴

˼ǹңϣܿҡҡͷʱ˭ܿ𶼲ܿġ
̫ҽֱ˵ɣûµġô

ô˵ˣ̫ҽֱӵʵ̫ˣƾԼǲġΨһİ취üȽЩú

Ǿͼ̵

һҲֻнϵİΣǸˣȴ̫ҽһͱɫ𿪿ں㱾ܵķɣ

Ϊβɣ˾䣬شżĵ㣬ϲˣȥͺӶΣգ

Ϊβɣ
ȻΪŮһȥԺ޷̹ȻڷǰˡϲģֻڷҲٻӰ죬˼ңǾŰͨƵ
Щһ˵ֻ̫ҽûбİ취̫ҽҽİ취òã

̫ҽȻ֪ڹʲôʵǾУҲ˵ַû취ˡ
ҡҡͷܴС㣬Ψһİ취ˡ£ֵɣˣִ˺Ӷסˡ

ŵûʧɫȴܣҲ˵ǳŮݣ˵Ҳû

㣡𼱵ýһȻȥ̫ҽ̫ҽɣ֪϶ͬģ

̫ҽȴֻֿܽȻҲˣ˵ķϾҽţ°ƽºˡԳܽ˵аƽ׵ĶŮף˵ҽŶ֡

̫ҽûãֻ㣡ˣͬɺòã

һΪѡ
ͬͬĶԺϹò᲻Թֻ֪᲻

żΪѵʱܽͳȴϵ̫ҽɣ

Ⱥ֪˵ʲô

ܽȻҲļ˴ʲôܴʲôûнϺͺҪûʧȥҪ
ͶмĿ⣬ܴʲôҶͬ⡣ºе

̲סĸԹأ

ܽ𣬵һе

˵æĲģл绹Թ޴ģкүүȥ췣Ҿ˵ⶼҵ⣡

ּû취ֻԭغݺݶ˼νţȴû˵ԵĻ

̫ҽУûٸܽͣвŻҽųϸ˵˷μָδֽܽȥҽűһ̬ȣڰҽ˵ż߽ȥˡ

ǵˡ
̫ҽѾ׻˹дһҩкȥҩ˱һǰȥܽˡ䴩һҳĻҲۣȴһԲĹͷ±һҡͷһ־Ȥ
Ѿ˹ͷǱ紫˵һҪҵģôһҪҵˣȴΪĺ˵ǹƥңҪţֻѾȥˣһһҪҵ˸ɳ𣿸˵Ӻſһ·ܵԺиոյͬ⡭֪ͬʲô
̫ҽܽȻܽôΪ˲ĽϣϵŮ껪ĺС㣬żģһӶҪ˼ҶϧѪյܽˣڷԭ£ô˻ûŮɣʲôͿģѾΪİĹȥ
̫ҽ̲סǣ뵽ｭϺͺӲϿ϶ܱסģ˼ܽͬģҲѱƽ᲻ԹϡˣǾƽһãǡֹɣ
֣̫ҽܽ

ܽ߹ȥ΢΢̫ҽǻʲôԸ

̫ҽҡҡͷԶ𶼿˹Цų˰˰ָָ֣һӣʾܽ¡

ܽȥ¡

̫ҽŵ֪ܽղͬʲô

ܽȻ֪ȻŮйأҲ֪˱ֻʣб𣿡

̫ҽü
ܽʱ̬ȵãôţ˵仰ҲԸˣ
һƫҪ˵ˣ
̫ҽ˵Щֱӵһȥû̹ȻԺүˣúһ۳ķˣӴԺҪԹܽͬȻȴҲ

ôأ
ܽɫĿȴǲš

̫ҽԴȥӦ߿ֹ˷˵뿪ĿܽһǺˡ
̫ҽã˵ʲôһŮ֮¾ͲסˣҲǸɮ

ܽգͲס𣬲ȴͻȻӤ䲻ȴԽæһȴ죬ѾһƵܵ˲ſڡ




48.   48    㿴ҵܵܡ

48
Ŵ, űл޵Ӥ˳ϲϲλСү

˲ϿܵܣŽų￴ôˣ𣿡

˳˸ѶģǮ, 鼫ãЦеСĪҪ, ˺ܺ, ̫˯, һҽŴ˴, Ҳʰúٽȥ

˵û£˿, 鿴ܵˣС޹Ȼ֣ƤҲֺ, ǳĽҲϲ, Сӹ٣ѪԵϵԭ, еСͻȻͲˣСС۾, ܿ㣬һ˲
һһͿὫЩСĿλñ˱뵽ʲô, תͷȺһȦ, Ŀⶨܽϣ磡ȻֿѾߵ㣡

šӦˡ
Ҳܸжǻ˸ж, οǺͬһ׵ĵܵܡΪĹϵͰ͵СޣҲࡣ

ܽ˹

ŵܵܳӭͣſʱǰͣϲ㿴ҵܵܣС

ܽͷȥСޣСͷԵ۾Сôһģʵǲĵܵܣ˿Сޣ̲ס̧ͷ

Ц۾䡣
˫ѿ޺ۣëʪģ˿Цţȴ޶˺

ܽʶ˳ĻʣСΪʲô֣

Ϊ˵ֻһƽ

ġܽС޵

𱧵ֻܸ֮ܵܽΪûܽСܾûмĻᡣܽô˵ˣһӱܽŽϺС£æصͷ
ţŴ磬˵ᣬ϶ͻᡣ

ĬĬվһ߿ˣʱоԼ˰㲻ڣ;ЩԾˣվһСôڿܵܣǡǿĶһ㣿
ʶԼʲôæҡҡͷǷˣáοСҲǰǵĹϵøˣӽˮˣ治¶һ룡
ֺãСⱲӣȻ˳ƽ¶ҳļûӣȥǴүȡһ˲ҽţ˰Ҳͣ˵ţǰСգȻʱӼģ¼ȻûˣҾͲˡãúչĸףʲô¶˵ľҽҲˣҡ俴ܽҡ

ܽȳ¶ףʾȥȡӣȻŸߡ

һߣ˰ҲԶԶźƫͷԼ׵ܵܣ˸ոջͷ뷨
ڣȴ֪ô˵

ôˣܽȴ̹Ȼ

뷨ǻͷΪúͽϣȴ˲¡Ĳᣬ̫ҽ˲ú˵̫ҽһ·Ժܣиոյͬ⣬ԼʲôеЩѹ£
Ϊʲôأ
޳ȥûأôôı仯ˣô£ľˮ쳾µĳˣ֪Լʲô
СĹͣΪã
СźĻ𣿡ΪӦСĹͣСܽ˷ģŻˡ

ͦõġܽٶûͻشˡ

һЦ˵СܽǺһģЩͿˣĺĺãôҲûа˵Сٶֶ̫λûüʹֻǵѾź
ôôı䣿
Ǽûг˵ûʱСƽϸʣֻѹ²ᡣۿҪߵſˣֱˣǰ̫ҽ˵еһкЩɲ°

еһк
ܽĶԶֻһ䡣һ䣬Ͳɱ뵽̫ҽ˵Ƿ˲䲻ܿƵٴ

ûı仯΢΢㵣ԲܽǶԽʲô뵽ǧĵ۵Σֱ羪κ˰㷭ĪСûɹǶ˼
㡭

Ȼһ仰û˵꣬ӭܽͷѵ⣺㣡Ѿ˸ˣЩ˵Щ˵ȴҲ֪ģǲѽϵĸףҲǳ˽ἰ͵ķ

ɵˡ
ľ仰ἰϺ͵ķˣ

ȻܽȴȻŭУ¾䡰һ£㲻ˡתˡ

ıӰڻոԼ⣬ʮ飬ڷӦܽԭֻ̫ҽȥһʱ˵ʲô
̫ҽôʲô˵
òУЦˣҲã̫ҽϸ˱ɣҪȻôϸ̫ҽĽͣҲ֪˽᲻룬˺ٿ۵Сֻ᲻أ
ȫ˸ոյĻͷ뷨ϲ̵



С˳Ȼһʱ䣬ĿǰӰ첻ֻ̫һӤԽЩϸӦǲ⡣

ǽϣʰú̫ҽȥȴó˽̫󣬴ٲеĽۡˣ̫ҪţȻܻš

Ѿ֪ҽһȥʲôˣѾΪأȴ뾹Ĵ𰸣ǱʲôҲˡ
ѡʱϡ
ҸոҲ˵ˣҪ²ͬȽúӲҪģɽǰ·ʱ˵ɣ
˴Ѻֻ˵̫ҽúţְССöð̫ҽ˵ˣСֻܽҪϸЩĺû

ӽƽĳˣԼҲúõģֻүĵģ汣֤ģﶨúģϾﻹҪСҪء

ˣ뵽Ҳ뵽ۿһˣͽĻڣҲһսˡ
ȻǿҲ޵˼ˣټֻСĵܵˣʲô£˭ܰǣ
ãܽ
뵽ܽɣСƽ˴硣պҼˣʲô¾ͻȥƣ϶ġ

ܽæ
ǲءʲôպ󣬵ˣСҲ͸ˡ²ͬڵһۣȻû˸߽ϷʲôԼȴƽǼˣȻûµġοٲˣŽСֻ°ƽ
ϳЦЦã
СƽҲٸƽˣѾָ⣬Ϊ䣡
ǵģ䣡
ȻΪԼͺֻع￴Ͱƽ
áȴôӦ

Цĵȴѣ̫̫ˣҪôܱĶ飿




49.   49    ҪҪ˯Ρ

49
ĺɫ
һӡСܡֵͣڰƽſ, ȥţİƽüģŽģ, ͷз꣬Ҳж׵ܵܶүա
ͨһ, ٲûȥǳŮڶС¥, ðƽĶүҪʲôŮҪ, ƫƫڴµʱ, ȥз֮ҲͰˣĸɾЩ, Ǹ˵ײЩŪ
ҿȥļʱ, һҷ׷ҪȻ, һϢȥԹٲӻˣ
¾, ƽĿڶЩˡ

үϲϲأţȥŵӺһ, ˳һλСүϲүϲү
ĺܺãүűүһ, ĺϢ, үȻͺˡ

һ˼۰ͰͿİƽٶһǮ

ȴ밲ƽ̧, Ŀ𺣬ðŵһ֪ˣ

˴˸æÿߵܻſڡ

ûô°ƽֻ֣Сүǿĵ£ôүҲģ
ǲСܲǰƽģֻӦضү̫֣үúˡ

ƽ׻ǽ˰á
òϾģĶӡ

˻˵ƽˣһʱСոձ˯ţС˯Ҿȳȥˡ

áϾܾˣת˵ȥү˵ۻ࣬ĪҪ̤ˡСѾ˯ˣٱɡ

ӦȥֻܿЦˣү˵뿴Сүū澰Сүȥɣ

Ϸ
ĵ׶ĵĲУƫƫҲҾܾһգ㱧ȥɣȥأ

СıСȥˡ

ֻʣĸŮˣδۣȴ¶˳Ц治ľǲ֪ۣò˯ŵĺӣˣҪѺӱȥ

ͷԼϵĵ£ҲĲˣ˵⻰Ƕ԰ƽⲻĶ԰ƽĵִ񣬻Ž찲ƽû֣Ķ
֪Žϴǰǰãֱ֪ˣҲڡˣǾͲ˰ɣ԰ƽģƽһٶҲӦˣǳˣοСӦ֪ôġ

氲ƽ˱ڻССǸƯĺӣϲЩСŸճû˵Щˣ˰ƽôôϲǣĶӣ꣬ҲˣҲϲģ
ССĻСִ˴СգֱСˣЦ⺢ӣ޵죬ңˣͣ˶һµǮ˰õ˫

ǱŵˣСոջСޣ˿ͻȻ˴

ｭ̲סһһǣµˣ۵̵һ

æǰסɺãȥС

ţƽѾЦˡûòԣظ˵С㣬үϲСүأ


ЦЦûӻ



ʮŶûõӦƽ½ţֱƿţҴҽ䡣
ܽƽڴϣƽ̽̽ϢȻȻϢЩֻ˯ˣǳʲô⡣

Ҳƽˣү緹ûþȥ˰ãȥ̫ҽСүү͹СͻˡŶӵ磬үöǰһͷţܳˣأү¾䲻Ҫͽ䣬һֱ춼˵ڣҲûȥ
үֲģôܻ᲻Ȼ֪ΪʲôԼ磬ΪˣһûʳȻȰһȰ֪ʮﶼûӦү˯ˣ

үϰ֮ˣһ򾯾ô˯ô
ܽĺԽԽٵƽԥ£˴ߵ£۲۲죬پҪҪ˽ѡ

ܽˡ
˵յ˷ǴԽԽ˱±ۣȴû뵽С˯ˡ˯źˡ

һֱޡ£ͷԧϷˮĴͷĿˣŲĳ˰ƽ޸ǸˣҹȼǸ˽ϵһһѵ˳ѹ˪ѩϡ
ɴ£ʲôҲˣֻԴصĴϢԼԸޣһһֱ޵ľһֱ޵һһۡ

ˣҲˣ˸٣˵ӡ꺮ůźܵլТ檣˳ȵĵĸ̬Ů
ҲУһմһգʱֱȽϵĻˡȻ˺ͽһѲ򽹼ĸ˵ǲ˺ӶסʱӲ飬ʼղ˵ͬ⡣

̲סһһο˵ͬ⣬Ȼż˵жʼˣҲԸڷԭ³ңûʸٹ£סˡ

򼱵öˣȴҡͷвУ̫ˣԺô


ɱˡ
С뱲ӣһʮ˼ҲȷˣȻˣŬȻվڴǰϵҡͷ

ֱﴫ
ǲڽУУ˲ˣ˲ˣ

ˡ
һڳ˲һȥͿɫ԰ڴϣһ˫ۿ޵ֺףѾһûˡȴعⷵհһɣССһҲûйĵ磬ˡˣҾͲˣҺͺӿ϶ûµģ𣿡

ȴʼն㲻ȥͷ
ΪŽų˳ȥѾ߿Ź˵ϣϣѾѪ

ڱۡ
ٱ۵һ̣ڴĿڴͷ

һʬĺӶˡ
ҪҪ˯Уܽ˺ѷεĴ󺰡

ͻȻĴŵƽһȻҲקסܽһֱֻۣүѣѣΣΣ

ܽ͵һۣƽĵӽߣƽһƿ

ƽûԼӵ˵Եĵĵүû°ɣʲôج𣿡

ج
¹Ժĵƻ͸սݣܽתƽƽĶʮʱģԼͷԸѵȼ

ƽȼ˵ơ

Ϥķ裬ܽĿǳʧȥ׶֮ʹЩٴοڣʵʲôʱˣ

ѾʱˡƽүѾһûԶˣСİɣ

һûԶˡ
Ȼΰ
Ρ
ܽЬ´ƽȡҪȥһˡ




50.   50    ̧ܽͷĿڡ

50
ʱţ
һ첻÷, ҪȥĶ
οҪѣ
ƽһѵݹȥһ︹̣⻹Ӱ, ҪѲųţôЩ˻ɮ, ǵһҪ

ܽһƵĳ, ϵ߱ߵ, źѥ, ͷ߳ˣͣţƽȥȡһñú, һ磬䲻ϹһԺһѧ峵Ӹģ

ƽĬĬ, ϡ

ߵԺſ, ܽȴͣţԸ㲻øˡ

Ҫȥ
ƽĿܽԽԽԶ, ɻҲԽԽأӲи, ٴҲ͵͵

ܽһ·ŲͣߵԺԺţԺͷżӺСѾ˵վס̧, ̧˼, ȴʼûаԺƿ
ҹᴵţЩȻе, ѾܽκʵֿûأˣҲδ¡ϵĳԺҲ˵ʲôʲô

磡

ȴͻȻϲܽͷͿҹɫ¶еһƬƣӳյһ⡣

磬ôˣ𣿡Ѿ´¶СŵܽǰͷϴЦ۾ģԺܸˡ

ȵ۾Цɫ԰ڴغϣ뿪ܽȻ֪ʵ֪ûޣҾҲδ£һأһƫƫأ

ʱѼΪ˸ͷıֻңɽ̫ҽһܽνܾ谮ģСĳҲСպںĵλٹСҲֻǸСޣ͸ûͷ

д㡭ͬѾˣԼļͥͺӣֶܷ˼Ҫ޵Ҳ֪ݵλΣԺ㶼ףֺȻأ

˿
뵽ˣܽǸΣǿ峤飬һһҡͷ󡭡һʬ
һʬ
ܽͻȻɫһ䣬ǳʧȥ׶֮ʹӵʵˣһ˲侹۵ɫףźһǽϡ

ʧɫæǰסôˣ

ŮӵϸۣűĵܸоȵĴУоЩܽĿڵʹ漣㻺Щ
û¡˵ơ

û𣿡ȴģҿЩȻȥЪЪɣ

ܽԥ£ԺߡӸߣһһԵͷŮƤѩףĽëź߶£Ǻ԰׵ĴγԱȵĺ촽
Ǻ촽˿ţȻڵ
ϣֻܻˡ
Ҫôأ
̳аƽֳܽĬ˼š

ܽ£ȥ˱ˮ磬ҪҪȵˮ

ܽ˲յһںȾ󣬵гԵ𣿡

Եģ
𾪵ʱˣ㾹û𣿡

ֹܽ緹緹Ҳûá

ôһ˵̻ȥʱƺ׼緹緹緹ˣ˳СˣôڶûԷ
˲ԭ˵ĵֵܽЩ𻨸⣬ȵӣȥ˰ǱߵСҪ档

̫ˣˡٸҵˮҳЩСܽ˵Ĳյơ

ӹյȴԸܽԼûµģǱߵСרΪ׼ģһֱ˼ܿͺˡ

áܽٴξָָܾһԲʣ£л˵

̬ܽȼȰֻܹԹ£磬Ҫ˵ʲô

ܽȴ֪ôڡ
һ𻨸⣬ܿ콫һСϻӹ𻨸Եĸɸɾٴνյеˮһ

һ߰ţ꣬˱ˮһһӳһݸܽ磬ҲŸӡܽӹȥ죬ֵ㻹ûԱɣȻҽд¶ȥЩ㣿

Ѿˡܽ
ɫӻģ֣ġ

ƺ֪ôڵģֻ磬Ҫ˵ʲôֱ˵ɣ

ˣˮҲֻܽÿڣȴ̻ȥٿ򳹵ױˣСˣô

ôû뵽ܽԥ죬ʵȴǹСȹȴ׼ˣ£ܽȻСȻˣʾСĿǰûʲôҪʲôˣ
ֲԥôòſڣǲ˼ɣ
һһҪңͷ˵ˣûþͿźѾߣҲ֪˼ˡ

ܽĶ飬ٸҲû¶ø治ǣ
šСܸɣƢҲãҲãͦõġһ𸴡
ΪͨѾͷСȻѧЩֶΣܽԣȷʵʵˡǻûЩֶεģСóǧٱֻҲ򲻶ġ

ܽȥ˵ͷĿֱֱ𣺡ҪޣʲôʱףУҪ޵ļңԷƷΣ

Ϊǲ˼ˣ̰ѻתϣû⣬뵽ˣȷʵЩôˣĲС
𲻽û¶ɬüۼȾһĨٹ¾ҪˡҪ޵Ҿ˾˼ҵı磬ǴСһ鳤ģ˺ܺá

ܽǲͨҲ֪δ鲻ԣÿߵͨԱȣϲԷڴ˵ģ
ֱܽʵ㲻ϲ

һæЦûУôᡣ
û˵ϲ
ܽ棬ͻȻˡ

ܽû׷ʣǿۼ˵Ҳ棬ʱ䲻ˣȻȥˡ

㡣Ҳվ
ֱ͵ԺԺſڣܽڰֲ߽ҹɫҲתͷߡ
¶һĴ¶ոСˡ

𣿴үСĪǴС³ˣ¶һϲ

»ûɡ
ˣ
ͻȻϲϲʲôСȤˣҲһӱ仯ô󣬶Ҳɣ



ƽһֱԺſڣܽһ־ӭȥүˣ˶أСĽ˸ɣ

ˣҳԹˡܽ

Թˣ
ĳԵģ

ƽҪʣܽٴοˣȥСй

СС
ƽԼӶˣүȥһˣôҪСˣʲôˣ

Сܿˡ
Ǹʱ׼õˣ㱻ô죬һҲüױϤĴ磬ƽһ̾ܳţƽܵĻ죬һϷſڡ

ܽվϷſڵţСˣ밲֣Сҽݡ

СǱڱе˶ʱһ̻ʢЦѤãεεľӦˣ~

ۿСֱۣܽ˷ϷңܿСֺ߳ķԸȥˮƽ˾һ㡣
үү

ˮܿͽ˾ҡ
СŤϸߵߣһžڴصܽүˮѾˣūźȥԡɣ

̧ܽͷĿСϡ
ȻСҲƯģȲ𣬵Ҳ֮ʣΪѧϰ˶ʱ䣬Ͷ㶼һģûŮ֮µëͷСӵġ
ܽȻëͷСӣĿ£С⳶úܿؿڣ׻һƬ
ȴһоûС
СûκθоЩոշţǼͲû˦
ˣȥɣɫȻ

ıһСǻϲһίҲһֶ˵ԹԳȥˡ

ܽҲûȥԡ
ڴߺݺݱۣƬ̺۵ѾɺһƬ
ҲûģӺɻغģѣǸζû룬ˡ

ǰǼ̳к˲ȫסΪȨƣҲܲ˺ķ֮£ܲ쾭ΪŮڽӴ

ǡ
ǣ޸Լ
ȻһӲȴԸһӲҪŮֻҪƽܳþú飬ҪҪŮʲôҪ

үű죬ƽСĵ̽ͷ

ܽһһߣ͵ػ˳ƺøҽ˯

𡭡ã
ƽ룺ҿ϶Ƿˣֻˡ




51.   51    𣬲ټ尾

51
ȻСѾ, ҲСүźĸģԣȴЩʧȥҪ, ˽ӣճ˰ȥ, ҹĻ̤ɫԺ

ֱСĵʮ, Ϸ˴˻, ˵һھͻظŶ, Ŵӵµƽܰлع

ʮ죬ƽܹΣﲻϴΪɾܾ, һҲûǿֱڣûϡСδζ, Ҳ֪, СӱȽϻĲϲÿ, СΪճ
̬ȣ˵ͽ, ոŵĴ¶˲ס

֪гӵ죬ƽµ̬Ҳѵһ죬С, ֻôС, ǰãȺ֪ϷԼ˻ǵһϲ, Ϸ˻ĸ۰£ƽ᲻ԽԽ̶ݲ£ǲȷ
ǣٴγܽԺ

ţֻﱧŸЩСţһȥСүߣûע𣬾û뵽ʱ˼ܽĻǱȽϸһճۡ
һ·ϷߣţСֲôүС㶼ÿʱǵôүҪū˵Сǳһȫϵģ


ȴЩ飬ˣϣͲֻСô춼ûһˡǵãСܽȥһնû÷Ϊʲôû÷
ĳϣԭʡ

ԽǱԽ飬˵ƽţûźܽߣīС
ءֻܽȭΪڼҳ˴ȭǴ飬ȴû뵽֡

ܽһʣǺ̧ͷǰһ򶼴صСһ۵ĶȹŨڵķӨ׵Ϲһѩ׵׹˼ˬֽ
ˡγĿ£ܽһýеЩŤ

īСһ̧ͷǼһ顣

ЩҲͬԲ󡭡ʲô

ȥɣǻС߹鰸ǰܽͷ´ǣôҽòԣ

ʵܽǰȫ룬Ϊܵ±ʵ̫¾ߴһΡɽѹܵĺһ

Сһŵģܽ΢΢ԾͬʱҲԼǲ̫ˡûжԱҲ˿ʣܽЦü˼

ѾܽüģæûУʲôԵģ
ѵܽʾã˻ô᲻ϲáֻոպ˵ΪʵˣܽӶüһһæһ߻ǰ
һҡͬһ㣬ʵôͻȻң

Ůе㣬ܽŲʲô㰤ţֻǳȽŰȿֺǼܣһ˲ʧЩʣҽҲ
ָо̫ܽİˣʮȥȥᶨؾģ⵱Щܲס
һӣܿЩ

пˣʶָкڸ¶һЩʱ䲢࣬ô˾ԶˣĶˡ
һ뵽ޣ̾ͺ۾

ܽһʱ䷢ˡ
ԭޣ²̣һˣ¶ЭԭΪѾܿ£ȴû뵽ڿҪޣȴһҲ̲סһǰĴָѾ۽ǣǿҪˡ

⶯һ˶סˡ

˿ޣ΢΢ͷܽĴ۾ȫãȻǲ֪ոշʲô

ܽ͵֣˷ֲͷģʲô

ھЩ˵ľٶ֪һ˲ӭͷѵ⣬գգ۾գ¼ᡣ
˭ܸʲô£
̶̼գܽô˸ƵģУᣬ

ãżȻ˵Ҫ㵱ãԲټĽáܽѾ»ص鰸ԣһǺֽд˸֡дˣŷǸ̡֡

ǣס
˵Ҫ׸翴ģĹˣȻŵŵٲѰӻô죿ҪȴҪĸԸ

Ȼ֪ܽΪʲô仯ô󣬵ŸмҲĿģܽʱ˵ȫҵġ仰˵ǣֻҪܽӦСҪԡ
ƽʲô棬ǰᣬûƤûİֺãûƤûİֺá
ܽԲϲޣͲޡӺݺݰ۽ǣߵ鰸ǰ鰸֣뵽ոձܿûҸոաҵ

ܽд˸֣ǡȡ
СͳͷŨŨĿǻָܽһȴֻͷ֣ⶼûһʲô

㻹û
ںڸֱŤ
һӳ޲õĻô죿ûƤûİֺã˵ѹû
ӦСģԣСѾˣһ뿪ʱȥСȡȡ
֪ô˵ԭ򣬵΢΢̽鰸ץܽ䣺磬Ҵˣˡ

ϸ۵ָץ䣬ܽȴֱ۶Ӳסץסʲôܵĳ嶯΢΢̧ͷ˹ȥ

ãһʱһ͡
ӸߣŮ΢΢̽ſ鰸ϣȹڵʹ¶ͷ̵һǣѩӳ̣ļ¡ˮҴһƳȴû뵽һſ׳Զܱȡ
̱ܿߣӸ£Ůûעʱɫ޲Ǵһء

СûоСֻио
ܽһֻѹ̫õޣõţеӿҪѹƵ޲뷨ȴֻ뻤𣬲ټ尾ӱܣֻ
ǵģ
Ŀ֣ץס

һ
˵ıܣоΣա

̧ۣܽȴ¶˸紺ºЦ⣬˵ʲôõǸҲδ֣ͬ鰸ϵĲָ˶

ΪոǴܽѾİɫȡæֱߵһߣһŰѳչһǣԽˣҸ˼ɫճۡ

һãⳤǵİɫں½ȴҶϸϸһϸܣڰž¡
ɫҴ𣿡ܽ

æȻʣúãҲãɫȻ棬Σ

Ҳ֪⻰Ǽ١
ܽüųۣˣԡᴩ𣿡˵Ųش𣬾΢С

Сܿǳ˸ӣŤϸߵܽǰƺܵγˮүū澣

ø˼ۡܽҸ£Կϲʡ

̶ʱ䣬Ȼܽ᲻ᴩ˼ɱãҲˣѵΪڷԭ³Բ֪
٣پССûʲô⣬С欵ĸ˵˵֮ʲôûУҲš
ȻС֣ͼøܽµĿյСǸܽؿڣǲֱۣȻ֪Сں̶ֳȣǿŶ

Ѻܿ촩ˡ
ˣˣݺúЪźɣܽС

үСֽĽȻֳ˸ŵūȥˡ

šܽӦ

СһߣܽûüⳤΣŵĵ㡭С

šܽӦˣȴ




52.   52    ˰

52
δܽ
߳Ϸʱ, ͷԻ·飬ԲܽȻСȻ׶ϣҲۿСദ, ׼˳ҵҲһͨҲʱС, ʵš
, Ǻ, ĺ£
СȻѾܽͨѾ, Ͳ˽ȥˣ˳Ϸʾţ뿪

ţЦ۴үԴ, 𣿡

ţûش

ţֿһۣ, ϵЦ, ҲЩС㣬ôˣʲô𣿡

תͷţ, ֣С

ţס, ̶ϲһը㣬С˻棿үүСͷţɿ, ЩҪԭۣ汣ӣϷ˿Գ׷ˣСС, ˴󹦰

ţֵľϲȾȥĵ׵ĲţĳЦȴЩ, ûʲôһжСܸɶѣ֮ǰΪᣬǴСѧءСܽͨĺ£ǿϧԺȥСˡ
ûʲôϵСϲĹ͡СܽͨѾߣΪˡ

ԶԶԣС﹦͸󣡲˴үԺϷҲţЦüۣϷҲ֪ʱܻظ֪Ϣţ

֮ܽǰЩִϷһ˼ظţһˡ
ߵԺſڵʱͷϷһۣȥ껹ԺӣҪֱøˡ̲ס䴽һЦϷ˺ĸˣܽ˺ļ̳ˣ䵭߽ŮΪˡ
ȻԼã뵽ڷԭ»ڼҶһˣۡۿ飬ԾЩӦϲġ

ܽСϢţһ˲㴫ƽǰк˵Сүдү׷ңǿɲ֮ǲϵֻ֪ںλӶԣĺ£
ֻ°ҪһǮˡ

ϴõܽСϢҲΪܽˡ֮˶ŮΪãҸǺˣܽСľˣ˵ţ̾ʹ˸СƥСϻΡ

Сûлܽȴˡ

ԲױΪɾܼƽ˷ܽҲֻܼܽ˵

лĸסܽܳʱſڣʱһĸףȴеĲǿ
һȻʲôȴ֪ҲڣһҪĸףֻһһˡ

ͽ϶סˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ܽ˸ͨ仯ô󡣲ͻȻǰΪСڷԭ£ȭЩ£Ժܶ׵ĹرȻǲ֪ġο˵ããҲȷô⣬̫ڴСˡ

ֻ´βˡϻδӦܽٴοڣǸѾߡպ󡭡ĸҲ١

պΣȻˣ˵պȢޣӱǡСһŮˣҲǸѾߣʵطϡ
˰
ȻܽͶӵľˣҲ̲ס룬ǰƽĶӣǸӣһ
뷨һЦô˵ɵץЩ
Ȼעûδ¸ˣܽճףںδΪˡ

ܽǣĸպȵ衣

ϵĻŴȤȴû뵽ܽشô棬һĹһҪҵˣ˵¶һ϶ʱһʵڲ֪ôȥĸоԿˣͷ£ȥɣ

ܽԾһһۣǡ

ȥʹ硣𿪿ڡ

ܽͣδ

Ӧˣܿ硣

ŮϴЦ𣬶ȹµ£˶֪
Ȼ뿪ʱûܽЩ̰ĿƬ̣Ȼźۼջߣͷ

⸱ģɸ̣Сʱ򲻻ҲɣǣϣƺСȥźҲǼ䵭
ȥź
⼸Ժһ飬ʱǰûǲСҲʵֱӣڲŷ֮ǰŸͨˣ׾˳ҵˣȴһŮҼҵģʣϡ

ͻȻ죬ܽɲôˣ

ûôҡͷȻ֪ã̲סСõҡͷǶСãǾǶδӲˣæ㻹ǵʲôû˵ɡ
ҴĹӸ˶ͨȻѾƽˣ뵽δӵˣջǾЩ̡õĸ飬ԭ͸ǰ㣬ֻб˴˲Žкá

Ȼ֪ʲôܽü۵ڲסķꡣǿԣҲװ׸ԼҸͨôں᲻ҲأȻ׼ģһ뵽պҪСٰ̲ͣס꣬治귢ġ
ٺҲı䲻ˣΪк˽ת䣬ΪǵԺ㲻ֻ֪Լڹ
ͷˡߵԺ룬̧ܽ

ȻѾûˣǺõģСһ̳кԼƺͲٽʾֺ֭ˡ
ͷɹͣţɵӦá

ܽûԣѾˣһĶϵһϵʱϸ΢ı仯Ҳ̲ϸһ룬ܽתԭˣ֮ǰһδιССĿѾﵽˡ
֪̳кȻỤСԣֺöˡ
Ҳգܹ
ͷûӦʱܽתˡ

ȻЩϰߣ֮ǣ

ţԺſڱȻһӰûӦӰһӴܵܽǰһץסܽ˫磬ƽĵͨˣ˵˯˸Ѿߣ¿ģ

ܽŴ°ƽ˫ֵĳ嶯Ц£

ֻһƽ۾ͺˡ
ѾûˣѾǲˣйεҲǲˡãȻڿϽһҲھ˳ҵˣ
ǹ飬ѪнСǶԱȣƽնܽһǧһʱҲȫǵˡܽļ򣬵СӣСӣ
书ǿЩֻҪѧһоͶ




53.   53    ô㲻ϲˡ

53
ܽƽȥ鷿

˵, Ҫǰƽ˵ֻܽƽ˵о, ˵ƽϲµελ˵гɹһ, ˵񶫹, Ƕ, ͳɹڹ, ȷ֧λӡ

ܽţһ춼û塣

ƽʮ꣬⻹ǵһι˰ѵ, һӵΪ֮ǰܽȽҲû, ܺ뵹Ը, ֶûôġ
ܽͨˡ
ƽȻһ, ò˵ܽͨ, ƽԽԽ˳ֻۣܽǿ¿๦ȥѧ׼ѧֱ¡
͹ˣӲڶ, б¾С
ƽ鼫, ˵ŻϵЦûϣܽδӴرĵһ䣺˵Щﲻ, ʣٸϸ˵˵

ܽף

涮Ǽٶ
ȻƽѾô˿̵ַܽ緶ˣܽ˵Щš
˵˵ӺӣǺӦ֧˭

ܽȻܿƽӡ
Ѿ̫̫ΣǰһҪңԼ⡣ԴԼһӻס𣬴˿̱ҲԼģҪƽжˡΪѹ֣Ȼ԰ƽʢȴ˿ԡ
ĸǿĸЩȴиңǿ֧ţĸֽܳ裬˭Ӯ˭仹治˵һҪѡһٵü˲¾

ƽüӣֻһ¾ˣ

ܽϲյһ󣬵ܽӴһȻáǲλӽӴ

ƽĿܽͷñϣߵͷв㣿⸱ӣӣ㶼ûվʥǰ

ܽǰŸأ

ƽ΢ھ£

͵ȥʶʶܽ

ȴҲǣ£ҲȥѧѧΪ˴֮ǰʮ겻Ǵùװ׶˷ˣҪڼңټƽ֪һ˻Ҫʲôʱ
УҸ㰲Ÿ£򣿡ƽ־ܽܶЩ˱ֱӸ˾ȥ°ɣȥ߿

үֻܳǴƷĴةƽŵǰƽĵճӣ˲ǸϷ˵仰¡

Сܽû
Ҫֻǰ̬ȣֻ߳ȥģֻܴͷ㡣

ܵ˵ƽܽıֻģ£̲סôͻȻͨ˵ģĪǡΪС
˵СƽЦˡ
ҪΪСĳܽĻ⺢Ҳһ󹦡

ȻӴ࣬ܽ϶԰ƽ˽ģСֺģԸ־飬һЦܽеĺ塣
СĵܵܣǱҲܵܡ
ûзϣܽʻȥС̳к𣿡

ƽû룬˿ȴԼһѳ㣬°ʹظ˼أһĪЦҪܲܳɲšȻҲ֡

ǡ̲ܽסЦ
ȻѾıˣԿ߰ƽһȨգ˶ϰҪʩܹӵģֱû£ҾȻȥˡ

ȻûܽŻı̬ûϣζΪСĳ˽ȸСƽȻܺãһ緹ɣ

ˡܾܽҴȥĸ

ƽü̲סЦˣˣ֮λˡ

ܽٸ˵ֻʩߡ

ƽȴֽסΪС

ҲΪСܽòô˵

ԭǸѾ߽С
ƽ¶˶ЦѾߣʲôɫ㲻ɣ

ɫ㣿
ܽǰֳģȷʵοˣɫ㣬Ҳá

ƽЦ֪ˣǰҾͲĸ㶨޼ˡ޼ǹȷʵ̫ѰЩģպȢޣѰɫģ

ܽûٴ𻰣ת߳鷿

ƽЦЦٴȥ˰á
һΣûὭϵľֱܾӽš

굽ڲŲʮ죬Щ˾ǵ񰮣罭ϣô̵ʱ䣬ɨһľѾָ߰˰ˡȻʱԪС¶ҲΪ˵״̬ܲŵӺãʱѾϺüˡ

ƽϲıɫģã˽Ľϣ˵ȥˡ

æ㿪סֵүСء

Ҳڣƽֻ֡

үҪò裿ʡ

ƽʱȡĵģܽ˻ʱ䲻ˣ͵ˣڷɣùøȥš

һԣӣԵĶûζүֳԲ¡ȵȣҽȥϷԸ

ٵȾ͵ˣ
ƽͷЩã֮ǰû֪ͨҲ˵ʲôɵԴ̥Ͼһֱ
ڲ䣬һקϣһֽס꺢ӵĸˣٶЩ׸⣬ȥֲƫ࣬㳤Щ⣬ָзˡ
ָУƽͷĻЩҲһɣΪһûһµĦŽϵݶڸգû㣿

ƽݶֻ÷θ
Ҫ볹뿪ƽиθĵ¡֣סƽ϶֣үô˵£ȡ֣οСѾƽ⻹̫ҽû㣬ö̫ҽҺСҪˣֻимĿ

ҩȻѹȥˣô˵ƽе顣˽ϵס֣ʶ壬֮ҡˣӣҲ̫ԼˣϸƷĵġ

ƽߺܾã϶Ŀڶģ˴С˯̵ȥ˾˼һ˰ɣСûǱ˵ȥ֪ͨһ˳Ҳһ棬ܾûˡ


ȻܾûˣһҲպҪ޸ǸüͻǵüģֻǡյϸǰҺͱﶨ׿ԣ׿ɲһ㰡

Ϻ޲ýǰô˵ʱɴۣô㲻ϲˣ

ûУϲϲģͷҡĸ˹Ƶģæֻ᲻С

ϲôòģ
ޣϺͷһ˿ɣֻʲô᲻õģҺСֲˣ޺˾ǣĸˣл˾أġ

ɸոεִƽҶˡ
СôСҲڣܰ¼ʱȥҴĻС֪ҪܶίأƽһֳϲСǲ˵ЩˣǺˣܲͷϡ
һӻ½ϻԽϲֻͳͳסȴѾ⣬˱磬Ҫ˵ӻڡ

ϲ֪˼ԸԵ˰ɣˣһһСȻҪʱʱ㱻۸ѾôãٲĻۻġ

þòҪ·ϣͷĬֱײһǽ͵ػ񣬺˰벽̧ͷ㵵ؿǰܽ
磿ô

ҪȥһˡأҪȥĶ̧֣ܽᵯĶͷ·Ÿͷʲô

𱻵ЩʹסͷܽȴŭԣֻʵȥҾ˾˼ңҰС¸˾˾ĸ˵һ

˾˼
˾˼ҵı磬ǴСһ鳤ģ˺ܺá
ܽ𣬵һ̡




54.   54    ۣ̲ܽס

54
ңգգ, ŲҪæ£㻹ȥæɣ˾˼Һܽ, Ҿˡ
ܽ׽֮, ٲܾ, ҲԸ¡, Ӧ°ɣ
̲סʣ, ȥʲô

ܽϲݲ⣬뵽ϰŵģֶԼ˵һΣҪ
ȥĸ

ˡ
ܽŸС, ̳֮λȻʮþȣȴҲвһ·Ҫߣ·, Ϸ˺Ͱƽһ, Ҫ
æȥɣҡ

, ֮ǰϵ¾Сܽ򣬵, ߰ɣ

ӶȥˣԸʵ㶼ڼңܽүҪóҲֻһСЩĻʡ

ܽϵ, ѡ泯ŵλ, 𱻴¶ȥƿӣѡֱܽߡƽͳһ, ¶ȥҿܽ㰤˿ŵĵط

Сٱ¶һ𲻵òŲһأȵպýܽȵǰ࣬ܽ¶ܵĺ
Īһ죬æЩһСһһΣעҲܽȺüء
ǵײá
̲סԽԽ죬ΪҲ֪ǲĴоܽƺԽԽˡҧҧͻȻЩܽˡ

С㣬ú죬ǲﲻ¶ƼԽԽ죬æеʡ

ֻоԺ䡱һˡ
ͬʱҲæתͷȥܽ

ȴܽɫ糣ƺһϳͱĿˣ¶˵ۡĿⶨϣδüͷ壬еﲻ

ļѪҲ˵ô£룬һ;Լ˼Ҵ£أʲô
ûûУûвͰ͵

û
¶ԼСĶ̣ϳǰúõģȴͨ죬ǲǷհ
˵ţȥ̽Ķͷ

ܽȴ죬һְסֱۣһָǰϡָ֣ܿԼǰȻӦûա

Ҳоˣܽĸȡ
ǲﲻԾôôȣ
ңȵģǷաֱʣֻȰԼ¶ȥܽͻȻ̽ͷȥ

ô
¶ֹûоѽ

ܽȴѾƿǲരֶȣǲҲ򿪰ɣ

ҪӦ¶æвУүŮҲģϹء

һͨ˼ҵŮԲںЩǺСˣû֮ǰöû£˾˼ҺܽӦÿ쵽ˡ

ܽһԥҲ˴
οԼܲµΪʲô죬ӦǸһԭֻֻ죬̫ޣֻǾЩطûзӦ
̱ۣĬһξ

밲ƽȷʵԶ˲һӳͷͣ˽ҵĴſڡ¶æҲȥ

ۣ̲ܽסЦЦ
ǵ죬Ǹ֮ǰһ뷨Լҳϣ߻֪죬˵һֻҪиоͺá

ʵѾָĲˣ¶ٿܽһҲںģƹˤֻܽϵĺˡ
˿Իûܽ磬ҵˣȥĸɣ

ܽȴƿ۽ͷǿнֵңҪǱ߲Ҹһһȥ


Ҳ̫˰ɣˣ
֣ûµģһһȥģʱˡ

ܽѾӸߣͷʱ򣬺ЩӸµơֳ㣬ԺҪ޵ΣҶҪ˾˾ĸҪ硣
ûߣһ磬͸ˡ

㶣ͻȻޱɬ׽ܽͼ㣬ҲԼȥΪʲôأУȴѾһˣڶľ׸磬ϳˡ
۾ˣʵĸж

ܽ⣬Ҫôˣ˻ϺͽҴҸϵˡ
ӴôҲ˵һ죬ͷɹúܣĸȥϱץ֣տܽһСλǣ

ǰ¶ִģᣬЦŸϽͣҴ磬ƽĴү

磬Ĵү
ҵүҮⲻСү
Цһ仨ɿӭһܽӭ˸æķԸˣиϿȥѽл

һ˾˽μˡ

ȻҲԼ̬Щ̫ѿĴү˵ҲƶһòšοүǱ÷˴ԼԺ̳˺ԼÿҪġ
һҲȥˡ

ܽ¡
֪ǲܽ£˫򿪣αһֺŹүƣ˶ر㡣
⸱ӣ˭뵽ñûͷڷԭ´ʮ꣬һ˼أ

Զ˱͵ܽǰүССԺģûò裬ֻʣ

ܽӹ˿ڣ̫̫ˡ

Цеģ˽ܽ˵æקȥ˸ڡ֣û˵Ȼ̲סô£ĴүôһǼˣ

⸱ģ֮еģ֪ܽڣѹϣϲգܻѹĺáȻиаͷ뱨һϣ뵽˾˺ͱ磬ȴʼ²ȥ֡˾ϲϡ
˰ɣ
Ϳھ˾˺ͱϣպ޹ϸҲ磬԰벽ã
£֪ҺͱѾпͷԼҵÿԾ𵭵

ÿ
ȻûܽϷְ㲻Ծ룬ͲԵ޹ʵܽÿѪԵϵûУСС;˸˻ģãû࣡
û¶еĻɺͲݣֻ⣬ô㵱ÿ

Ȼϻһ˼ҲýֻͣѽϷԸĻ˵ˣҽΪʮǰ˸ܵܣϲġ

˶ˣ˸к˭ģ

⻰˵ģڰƽ˵ģǻˣɫһĸԣ

ҲӦˣȻǰƽģҪȻƽǴñˣĸôȰСüȥʱ㣬⺢ôǰƽİѵ˵СһС˵޲ޣѾƽһ
ǣˡҪƷ
±ģȴЦִ̧Լ죺ңħ˲ǣǺ°ƽ˶ӣԺںλþˣ




55.   55    Ķӡȷʵ䲻ϡ

55
⻰˵ıû, Уȴôô˳СǰƽģλòȡСǰƽ, ҲĻΪʲô, İϰƽ, ȻΪʲôνλ, Ͱȥӡ
ЩûҪ˵, Ϊ˵ҲⲻˣǰôȰϸļ޵ģһĻĻ𶼻ǵá
Ͷ, ϲǾĸδĸҲһӶû, 俴, תͳȥ

ûϵ𾹻̬ȣһ˲յĵ죺һ˵õ, ȮˣСӾȻǰôԶ˵Ҫﹴϰƽ, ܹʳӣҴ磬ƽĴүޣҪӵĸ磿
ҲһǸأ
Ȼͽϰƽ, ȴԸԼպͷϴ, ԺݺƲ죬ȹ׷˳ȥѾ, æҲ˽ȥ

һȥͶܽ磬ѾСܵܵ¸߾ĸˣ߰ɣ

ʲôϵĽһ𣬼ĵ˵ʲôˣʲôʱ£ôû˵һû°ɣ

ǹĺͲĵɣ
Ͼ˾˵ĹģЦЦû˵ʱǾĶǵֻ˾˷ģܺãܵҲܺá

˿ܽ׹õռϷ磬˲ʧ񣬵ϾҲˣ˺ӣҪչЩ

ҪģТ˳ģȻúչСõġѾ߽վǰٴ״ȵ֣һ˫ȴĵĿܽ˵ˣСü޵ĿǺֲССģѾһѣӵ¶òСò֣СþӲãҲܿˡ

ǸŴ󻧣Ҳû˵ԼĺӲĵġ
üŮҲѵϣֻûѾȥ֪ͨˣߣҲһ档
Ҫ׵СᣬѾûˣ֪⣬Ӵᡣ

Ȼ뽭ҲųϾպҪ޵ˣǰܶһദʱ䣬պҲкô˷ϵһϣҲˡ
֣һ˾˾ˣһ¡

õɾȥˣͷſտյģ𾹶̶ʱβӣǾĸδĸǳȨʸѵ
һ壬һСҼҵģʲô£˵ɿĿޱܽ˵ǺСˣˮǴߣû˾ĸҲԸ޸ˣ

˵ʲôأ׳ǳˡ

ȴ½Ϊ˵ûҲԼС̣Ҫ˵⻰׵ܴүǸʲôӦ

ܽȻûʲô飬յٴһڣĿֻϡ
û뵽ģʱǺϲδĸǽضѰĺö󣬷֪ѡ

ӣǰ㲻ˣô԰Ҳã¾˾ڳҲһ䣺ǰҾûˣڱ磬бϲҰ
ܽڡ
ڣڿ
Լô˵ˣһֱԼҪӦþͳױס˰ɣǷԼô뺷᲻ᱻܣ
ΪܽӲסˣΪ̫࣬۾Щˡ

ĸ
ǰһҪ͡

ٴκһȻֱߵܽߣܽӣ磬˵仰ɣǲҪȥĸ𣿡

ܽɫϣжһֱָһ㽫

˼ĶһѿھΣ׵ŮίҪ

үҺȷʵҪȥ½ĸţȷٵʱ䡣ܽԽ˵Ϳ俴ϣȴ΢΢¶˸ǳЦ̫̫˵ûôǰʲôݣȴѾҵãǰƽСˡĶӡȷʵ䲻

Ķӡȷʵ䲻
Ȼǰܽݸ߹󣬵ϵۣϴûϹܽ˿һ˵䲻͸˵û
κһĸ׶ܲ㣬־ԼҶµһõĸף˲ܽݣֱ໰˿ڣƨ䲻Ǹʲôһ

ݣһסϵ졣
˵ˣܻһ·϶̲סЦ֪Żû˵Ļϵ죬̧ͷȥ
Ǹ˼ϵ죬Ͱ͵ĽͣԼ֪ĽͶô

ܽ¶ͷλ˾ˣȴĿϡԵͷûһ˫ȴա
֮Уȴû뵽ģ֤һ㣬ϵȷǿģͬýȢΪǰͽϰƽ
ٴγסܽӣϣ¶˸ΪӵЦ˵Ļȴģ磬ûĸô˵ҶûϵֻҪ㲻Ҿˡ
ۿٴһ˫۾ɴĺ޲ðӶɳƵģܵһֱĿ֣ǰδеĿ֡
̫ˣԾûע⵽ܽƫͷ˹

⸱ģܽȷǳԾģᣬٿϱüҪ㣬̲סЦˡ
źãϲ۸
һӣһôʱɵɵױ۸Լİ취۸ȥŷġ
ãǸˡڽ£ܽû˵ʲôһѣ󲽳ȥ

˾ˣ磬ˡҴ˵㼱׷ȥ

ãɿϾҪȥ׷

ɣæһקסȥ

ռֻС˼ңլҲǸСլӣۿߵſˣһһְ֣һֱϣȢõ𣿱úòһˣٲ֣Ҫˣ

һ𣬵ոܽˣˣһɷһӣҲͳͳҪ裬ҲǹˣֱȷܽˣڵȢʲôȢȢǸİ㣡ȢһҼҵģ㿴ǺĴүʲôӣһźӰǺүѵʲôҲͼͷ

ϣ̲ȥһѽקһȻʹ߽ȥ

Ѿվȵϣ˲˵ʲôæ̧׷˳ȥ׷ſڣܽѾʻԶ׷һأһ䣬׷ϣһӵ˵ϡ

ܽŴһĻ۵ףֱ佭ˤ´һలŵ
һձ۸ģˡ
⸱Ӻ͸ղŶԱ̫ԣ̲ܽסֹǣȻסЦô˺òãû˵ϻء

֪ʵӦÿޣϾϲһӣӵǰ㿴ϣŮӶίѹ޵ġƽ޾Ϳޣһ뵽Ϊϣô޲
ֻͷƵ˵ˡ

Ŷܽüոգ׷Сĺݺˤˡ




56.   56    ˸߰˲ġ

56
׷ˤˣ
ò˵, Ϣ˲䣬⡱һĿǰԽûŮ֮飬Ͼ, дСһ𳤴꣬Ҳﲻòӽʱ, Խչǵĸм
ο, ϲ
֮ԴҴ׷ˤ, Ϊ뿪̫ˡǲͣ»ȥ˵һ, ֻؼҺϻҪݺݳһܡ
̲סƿ̽ͷȥΪ˸䣬ûܿ
ͣԥſ˿ڡ

еıͲ, һסһͣ

Ҫȥܽ糣, ɫ糣, ȴ̲סûڣöģ

ԥһ, ͷȥ

ܽûԣֻʣ˵, 㲻

ʵˣһǷֵúģ㲻˵ˤ, Ҳ֪ô, Щġ

Щġ
ʲôаʯͷԼĽţܽᵽˡ˿̿еĵģþôϲ, ҲЩںġ
ܲá
ͷȥܽͬʱе㼵ʣ˷Ըʱʹ˵

ΪĽûͷеڵûĽǰԶͣºƿȥ

ޱɥڵϣôˣ֪أһֺܲõԤУһߣ֮ĹϵͻᷢıƵġ
֪˿Ӧģ̽мС׷ȥ뵽˵ĻǺү˵䲻ϣʼ᲻
ǰ˵Ҳ䲻ϡƢãǰ㻨ò㲻ǺС㣬ƷҲѰðٱķ
οݵڹĸǰ޲þõĴʿãʵڼôʱ䣬ȴﰵ˵ĸͱõĲá
䲻ϣԼļͥü޸Ѿίˣ򲻵ϲίأ粻ȢǵģȢϽӡ
ɥΪѹһ뵽ôϲѾСҪȢıպҪ޸ˣҲûϵ߳ж̲ס۾

磡

Լ˻õˣɱöѾˣôأ

磡

һȻ̧ͷͼѾǰʱֵݸ
ã΢ǲš

ۼ۾ˣϵĵĲɱŨˣϥ£˫һס˽ֱۣʵ磬ˤĶˣ㻹ܲܶҪҪ㿴

һһ䣬ǹġ
̫˵ոպ۾ڵôڿĹľáΪĵ׾ͺʲôһӳʰ㣬ûѹɥҲûν䲻ϣϽӵ뷨
Žߵ𣬿۵׵Ĺģ۵СĴΪϺŵĵܰ㣬ֻ벻ܲˣ룬ҲһҪߡ
ã㲻𣿡۾𿴵۵׵ķ

ҿˤˡ

ԣΪֻͷˣʱ̲סֱ֣¶

ûе⣬ֻЩ磬㻹𣿡

ܡ˳ȴţվסֻܿ㡣

𲻵òЩ

ã˵Щֻûأڻ޽Ժ󣬶ڣһỤġûŽֱͣ˳ŵ

ô˵뵽ܽͬ˵ܽмԽžжûС
Ϊʲô
ΪڰƽܽЩ۸ûվһ𣿿ɽҲûվǱ߰ΪϺͽĸӣЩ˺ܽ׸˲룿

˼ԭϵܽҲ̲סˣһƵĳ嵽ǰһѽˡ

סֱ۲ſվȡ

ʲô˲װվסʱŭܽͬΪˣܽΪиܵ裬ҲܽΪиܵΣա
ȻܽĴ³

֣ܽȽҪԸЩ֮ҲЩ룬۾ЩӸ¶Խ۵ļơ
ֱûŤͷһͷѵ⣺лԼδɻ飬֮ͥһС㣬עҲעЩοֻǿͷԼǻûʽ

ѵˣӴܽôã⻹һ˵ˣܳ壬ɫҲѿûϸȥ˵ʲôһӦǵͷϴ
ңҴˣٲˡ

ܽջߣ˻ŭеĽһۣŸʲôҪȥ½ĸ

ˣúء
ŶŶáĵһƬңææӦ󣬼ܽѾתˣҴҶԽû°ɣңˣл´˵
̧ȣС׷ܽ

ã̧Ҫ׷ղ׷ȷʵˤĲᣬȻԼվţһȶ۵۾ûͿѾܵ˺ԣǸոһѵĺүһ־ֱӰͷƽ
ȴûȥ

˸߰˲ľңңӣһվϣһվڵ£λþͺǵݰ㣬עʲôһ
̲סʹǰ

ܽȴջߣһọ́Ͷˡ

ۿԼǰﳤȥͺǺүѵԼȴõ֣ǰõļ磬οͬһŮӲģͳͳˣ˵Ǹ磬ûѪԵĸʲô磿
ٵˣ뾡ðĶˣǿԣҲǰһòȻαӸڣˣ֪ᷢʲô£
һȳһյĻ˼ҡ

Ҳܲãϳһµģһ࣬ܽһͱۡλ̬ȣ¶žƿͷԯȥˡ

ô˲ӣڸо˲ԣ밲ƽܽʱ򲻹һӳͷ͵ˣôȥˣû
Ŀܽ˯һСƿ˳ӣһסˣǵĶˣǻذƽ·
¶Ѿȥˣٿܽյʻ

һʹһʲô

飬һͰ͵ңʳǲߴ·ˡ

ûܽ۶ûǳǵ·ſϾ͵ˡ

ǣ
Ҫءغ˵ֱ׳ܽ͵һۣˡ

˵Ҫȥ½ĸܽʡ

Ϊ뿪˵ģİ
ӭܽϲŭ˵ˣֻﶼ֪ǲȥᵣĵġ

ƽȥˡܽǵģٴαۡ

Ŷԭƽȥˡ
ʲôʱȥģ
ûܽԸôĻȥûͬˡ
ҲǲˣϾܽˣҲˣ˳Ĵ⣬ͽĶ˵̫Ǵ߳ģҲõͷͬ

ôĬų˳ǣԼĪʱң쵽µʱܽٴۣƼ𾹿ڱۣλƣҲŻλƣǱ˯ˡ
һ·һ·ɫܽʱЦˣġõúܣڿ׸磬뾡취ͽˣôͽģһ·װɫˣ
ԥֱӰѻǼװ˯ײֻѵʱͻȻ͵һߣۼֱӱߵˤȥܽʲô˲룬һѽס˻




57.   57    ȷҪ

57
ǽʵʵ˱˸
ܽǵˤ, ô˽סŮûйͷһ㣬·Լ̫, ھͱ״ˡ
һȺӽŵװֱǣﱧŵĲŮ, һŵʱҪըըһӦǰƿ, ȴʹ, û, ǻ˱øˡ
𱻾ۿŮ˯Щɷ۾̲סͷ, 
ڶɮʱֹסΣ뷨ȻͷѾȥĺܽˣ, ʮֵĴָ, ΢΢۽ǡ

գգۣѾĶŪˡ

ˣܽ磿

ãȻ״̬»ű, ҡͷܽ۽ǲ㶯, ֻСҡ£ûСûΣҲû硣

̬ܽʮȻɿһѰһ, û¶, ôӴˡ
۾ʲôﶼ

۾
¸ոܽ۽ǣӦ˯İɣû硣

ҿܹܽ

, δķӦúɣ
뵽ڽҴſʱܽѵ⣬ΥĵĵҴˣ´ΡϹˡ

Ҫ˽ȥģ
ܽĿһ͡ɤӣżŮӼһӵ£Ǳ磬ҲγɫҲǶϲģȷҪ

Ѿ뵽ѡˡ
±ͷ

ҿ㻹ǺúɣܽȴһԿ㣬һӱĸϣһӶҪĸҪϲɣȥҲδزУûôϲˣΪʲôҪӣѡһ㻥ϲδ˶ϲˣ𣿡

ҪϲҪ˶ϲ
ôõ£
ǲ֪ôˣ֪ܽΪ룬˱ʵôõ£Ѿ뵽ѡˡ˾ңϲңҲҹϵΨһĸӦҲѹȥ
οѾ֤ˣøݵϡ
ȻͲ˵ˡ

˵Ѿͣ£ǵſˡܽû³ǿãԾûȥѡң½ңһϲ㣬Ҳϲˡ

ܽĵɲš
ˣ
ҲҲǲУϾҵϲзҲϲˣСˣԲͶԲɣϾԼҸҪ
ҪҶã

ܽΪҪѺһܰ˵ȴû뵽ûôþʻ̨أһʾһߵ̨ϣҲ۵΢΢ɫˡ

ûܵȵ̻ܽش𲹳Ѿʮˣ̫ÿɲСµСڰƽһʱ䣬ԶȴҲ̫ã̫ҲУ͡ɣʱ͵üޣܲҵ

ܽѾͣ½ţͷ濴ĲԽԽ졣𣺡˵أ


ȷʡ

ܽͷȷ

ȷҵһȥ͸˵ĸʵڲϲң˺ͱ¡˵ɣﵽЩУ˵ֵϺͽϣ֮ǰΪѵʱӦͽ£Ծˡ

һже̫˳ˡ
̲ܽסǣãȥ˵ɣ

ȴ׷˾䣺ȷҵġҲôӦһ£
һûϲ˵Ҳǿ׵ġһϲҼҲϲķܽӦһչ˽ϺС

֪ܽҪӦʲô£ֻ鼫õĵ˵һһټҶӦ

ôһ֪˴˼Ľ̸˶⣬ڼϷԼʱϽԹЦ

˲𣬵ܽȴʱĿ⡣
ôˣȿڵľϷˡ

ܽ񣬵ĸظ

Ϸȸоһ첽ǰܽæӭϷס㡭㡭

֪Ϸǿˣͬʱ̲סЦڶĸŮϣϷʵ뷨ΣȷʵǳѺõˣϷ˸ˣҲ̲סˡ

⿴ЦϷ˸ˣץֱۣܽԸһ棬Ĳʡ

ĸǰͿٲˡܽҪ

Ϸһ޺סܽ

̶һ仰Ϸ˼޺ϹЦ̲סȥˣȴһײܵϡ

ܵ۵ýһ

Ӣæס˶ˡ

˳ס˱㳹һ˿˹ȥ

˿Цս˵ɩôˣתˣ㲻𣿡

⻰ľȻĿˣڿ˳Цʱ͵һ飬վֱӡ
˵ʲôװûʡ

ȻЦת߹ȥסϷˣĸףˣתǺ£Цǡ

Ϸɿܽǻ̧ͣһĨᣬһЦԣԣ¶¶

Ϊڴ϶ĺӣҲΪСĳܽı⣬Ϸ˺ͰƽһСʮӡմӴ»ظһ·۳Ͷ٣Ϸȴûٰ˽ϺС
ӴӴ࿡ĺѽüë۾үֱһģӿ̳ƵãСϷϵĴȰļҪˡ

ɲǣֱһģһ˸ŴȤ

վһۿţȴʲôû˵

ϹǳЦĬһ

ȴûôõĶСﶼƽҲ֪Ϸ˺ôģֻεͷҪ̧ˡ

Сһ׽ۼС޶ָˣϷ˲İ˽䵽˽ϡŽϼָϷ˶̾һǺ񰮣ҲСˣʮ궼ûУȴһƽв˵һ̥С
彭֣ߵǰ˽ϵ֣Сܴˣʲô룬úӡʲôʲôֻ·Ը˭ҵֻң

ǡ໰Ӧˡ

ΪСҲΪܽϷԽԽϲɴһǡҲִ־С˵һӻʹ˳Ųסƣˡ

˵˻عϲĻҲˡ

Ϸ˺˶˺󣬼ܽܵӢԼ¶ϵҲûڣһ޲ðѽƵá

ϲ⣬ȴҲ£ӭŶ˵ߣȿˣʲôﲻԵ𣿡

죬ȴʲôû˵




58.   58    ܴӦҾ;ѡ

58
û, ɶ̬Ȳˡ

һϷţ̲ܵסס˶ֱۣСʣ, ôˣǴĸʲôԾĵط𣿡

ĸ
, Цһ, ʵıʣ

ܵ˵ľ, ۼ˼ӿŲ, æ׷ȥ

ӢԽԽ࣬۵ɫҲûް
϶вԾĵطأο, ĸвԾĵطҲôɣӢüԴҲ벻ԭ
Ǿֻж, ᲻ʲôˡӢֹ
ֻץסϵİѱ, ԼδһĻȨ

һߣ±Ҳˡ
ȻͬȲ, ǵ֪ܽת⣬ֵ֪ƽһӤ, Ϣһһˣ˾͸˪Ӱ㣬һ㾫ûС
Ϭͬﴦȥˡ

ֻʣ½, Լܽ
ܽһվŲ, ϱˣлҪͬ˵𣿡

ܽףȻƫ߿

Ҳվû
̸£, ܿ

ܽҲûǿֱӵ˵ˣĸףȥ˽ңү;үȷʵƷ֮ˣҲȷƵϺá̫̫ĸףˡֱԣֱ̫̫ɲøǰϲûУ治ΪδĸĶٺãü޹ȥҲֻίķݡ

ү;үȷʵƷ֮ˡ
Ʒء
ܽһģҪ׶˵䲻ҪôΪˡ

ȴþþûز񣬺ðβſ𣬼ѵĿڵĸ

˲ò࣬ܽʵʵͣ˵ֳĻҪǿ
ޱܽȻҲûϲˣܽܰҵ÷ҲҪֻҪŵһӻСͺܻˡû˵ʲôһһʮȫ˽ϣȻҲ˵˽ͽķӦ

ˣϻǱˡ
Ǻأǲ˶ӵĺˣڿν죬ʱ򶼸ôպһǧˣڽһл·𣿽ϲǲŸֶǰôģǵﶼֲźãҵܣʲôôòˣֻܽ븹
ɫ࣬ûȻߣ̫

æǰˡ

ܽҲʱڣĸף̫̫Ѿֱ˵ˣããȴ䲻ϡҲˣҲԸ޽һĸ˼ң;ү£ҿ˰ɣҲ£ͻСҸ֤ѰһƷԺھүķ

Ϻʹ󲿷ĸ׵һΪԼĺӺá
ֶҲ㣬ı;ԼŮЩ
ҲܽĻʹ̫ҽСүδĺ̳ˣ˵ҵƷԺõŮš
ܵȵô
һҪȣǰƽ
ںһӵҸҲĶļ˰ƽһ뵽Сʱӹݴܿǰƽҩ˵ٴίƽˣƽĵĲС
롣롣һ˵Ҫ롣

ܽûٶ໰ʩһת뿪ˡ

ûȥͣǷŽСȰˣ嶼ûء

ֻʣĸŮˣŮοȦһӺˡǾԼ̫ѣ͵뵽ŮϲֶģձǰָűŮöܰ
𡣡űס𣬡ôϲ㡭һİɣ

ûĵģҲˡ
ԽҿΪϵԶһ㣬Զϵ̬Ƚ̫ѡˣ׵ĳСǽˡɽǲĺܣǰĿŮĵİɣ
ģҲġʵʵ˵ҲϲҰΪң;ĸ֪ʵĸˣҿˡ
˵ʵٴϱģȻÿ֣ﶼ졣

ԤȫһĻشý㶣漴Ц㰡㰡ô˵㣡

ҲЦЦһｭϲᣬһǾЩԲ硣

ȴѿھ͵ʲôöԲģԲ˲㡣

ǰԲϡ
û֮ǰĴӦͲףֻĸìܻ
뷨һû룬Ͼܽо仰˵ˣ޽ȥĻһӶҪʱҶá
ʲôʱ¸˾˵һɣ

Сû벻ȴƶգ϶ġ

Խվ̫ϣǱԭ˵Ϊĸ˵˵ȷʵ˺С۹ˣҪѡһҵĹӸޡ

˵˵ģôܲģ
ȻôںϸˣõһԺӰƫΪҪɢˣ



²ŽСԺ͵ǵķһ·Сӭˡ

纰һһ۾ͺˡ
ǰܽת⣬Сƽ뵱δүãγˡ

ȴ˲ϰοŮһѱסɫľȻ£ܽܽĻתˣ˸Ѿߣ
ҩڻڹؽУ˴ʼղš

Ƭ̣Ｑôҡʱȴһƿ˷۳һСԺȫ˺󣬵ﲻ˵ϵĺ𣿣
ֻǰʾȴˣûȴһˡ

ƽСҲ˿е֪ˣ˵϶ĺӲӦǰƽģϸ˼ǹҲôΪգδ⡣ܽܽȴѾǳ˵ĵճүûϹһѧȴǿЩڷԭ¸סִʦѧϰ䲻ѧ徭ʫǣȴҲǴֲʶһת⣬үֻ¸˻ˣٸǮʦǽϱҼ̳Ҳиϵһ졣
Σհ
ûشµ⣬ֻʣܽ桭

ȷ˵꣬¾ûĵһƿŭˡ
󣬷ûվȣֱӲˤ˳ȥ

һæǰȥ

ȴڵϲ϶ðΣץ֣ȥҲҪһң

ȥѰˣȴ۳Ͷ٣ѾЪµˡ



ıȽԤƵҪö࣬ù緹ûüЪ˾˵ˡ
ԷϽ˽š

ֶĸعĸϲȽϼ㲺ܶ࣬Ҳнܶ࣬Źؾͷû̧׹ùһۡ

ϳĬſһŵ

⵭һ̲ס˸æֶڣ

ŽٶĻҲˣ˵Ӷܿ޲ϲˣҲͬȢϲˡŮˣ
ҹĸ𣿡ϵ׷

ˣΪˣĵһƬɬ
ĸ϶֪ﶼô˵õˣĸ϶
ͨһֱֱ£̧ͷʱһ˫ͨ죺ĸֶȢã

ϵĳˣþõĿŽֱ۾ʪˣһҧĸҪӦһ£ܴӦҾ;޸㣡

ϲʲô£ĸ˵




59.   59    ʢװơ

59
ϿŽ, һһ˵棺Ҫɻ󣬴ȥ϶ӡ

ȥϣ
ҲǲУǸ֮, ȥһҲ
ĸñ𣿡ûԥӦĸᡭ

ʮ꣡Ƚ˵, Ͼ͵Ҫڽϴʮꡣʮ, ھ, ÿֻԻһ, ÿҲֻԴһ¡

ʮ꣬ÿֻԻһ£
ĵһĸ

ƺ֪Լ˵˶ôԽܵĻһ㣺𣿡

֪, ֻҪ˵ԣȢıˡ
Ѿ߹⣬Ŭ˼, վְ̻˶ʮ, ¶ʮ걳Դƴµ, ʮ겻ܾТڸĸߡ
ǣҲ֪ڱõЩ, ֪Ӧǻʹοʮ꣬˭֪ʮᷢʲô, , һʮأ뵽ｭɫһ䣬ʶҡͷ

𣿡ȿˣƺЩ翡
Ѿֶ֪ѡ, ֮СΪʵֶôѡҲ˵ϾһΪ˰ĸڲˣʵǲҰŮ
Щʧ
㲻ӦҲӦΪʲôôҪҲӦø취Ŷԡ
ǲԣ͵ʲôû˵ɡָֻС

ı仯֪Լ˵Ծͻʧȥʲôæĸҡʱ𣿹ĸϲãҲܲҡ

ۼɶҪ̲סһ㣬̾˿𼱡ʵô㣬Ҳҵ˽ģΪһֱ㡣ǲ֪ģΪҼ޽ǰȷʵǲһˣοСˣҲÿҺС
ǿųֶϵˣҲû˵ģƵϡ

ʲô˼
㶵ģЩŵĿŽϡ
Ҫ֪жҪΪŮŮӡ
ĸǲǱòͬ޸ˣǲǻ

һԥҲԸŹϣȷʵԣֻԭ֮һĸˣ£Ȼذɣ

ѿڵǹĸܼܲһ棿

û˵ֻһۡ

ǹĸϢֶȻˡ֪ǲԵ˼û󣬶Ǳһ˳ȥ

ߵԺʧ˻һ㣬ϱۣ̫Ѩ
ԣԵ
ܵȵʱ



ƽſȥ·ϣߵļÿһ϶شһ°㣬ÿһ£ȥ˵ӦˣӦȥϴʮꡣ
ôһ·ţߵſڼǰԺȥʱסתͻȻɿܡ
ӦˣʮͶʮ꣬ܳȰס˵öʮ꣬ĸͻϵԼԣģôֻ֪ҸһӦúദģ
ţܵøˣȴû뵽ţͻȻһӲչֱֱײˡ

Ӣһײˤ˵ϡ

ˤĸݡ
ӢʱѾսţ°ײӲһƫǽʵʵˤ˵ϣ۵ûסƺ

Ӣ֣۵æǰһû°ɣ

Ҳۣصʹдʹࡣ

ˤ
ոսܿӢˣٿĴ´磬²ݣҲ֪˾Բūοдʹ࣬Ҳ˿ӰӢ
뵽һӢԥҪ㣬û°ɣ

ӢûʲôΣȴǹͳһģȻϲɫɫҲһӣ˽ֻһ۾֪ǺС㡣
Σʵǹ˲ϱġ
û¡һѻӿӢ֣Ǳ

˭
ʲô
Ӣţȴ˿ԣ׷ûǲˤĶˣ

һȳһգȴߵü죬ҲûӢ
ӲʺȥҹĸȻؼңؼҺú˵˵ֻҪܳ˵Ǹӱ֤ѡµĴϲӣԹĸϲ϶Ӧģ
ʮ꣬ȴӦδؾҪʮأ

ۼ߳ţӰӢջߣһתͷÿ˸ǰִһС·æ߼㵽һ󡣴ԶųŴ󷿵ķȥʱ䣬ӦǲŴӷﴦ
ϴȥʲô
Ϊת⣬ΪĸĲԾ

ӢҪٶ㷽ϵͬʱ뵽ոյĽԼסҵ㣬ȥ˭ϡϢ˵ǽϵֶӢ½ģȥܴܲʲôģΪʲôһģ뿪

ͺһƽտɽˮģʵͬڲصı£ܿʹ˰õ˴˴ţһһʮĸӢ

ԭ㽫޸ֶ
ѾǺˣ˶ӵĺˣܼ޵ĸõġ
˵нʲôرõĵط

С㣬Щʲô

ʻӢһЦû£ͽײ£Щ档

˼ЩεıԹ콫գúĳ·ɣֻŸС࿴˼ң˭

Ӣ´ֱۣЦ֪֪ˣһĵġ

Ĳźã㻹е㲻ġ



ʱһһ¾͹ȥˡ
ȻƽԸҲֱԾܾ˼ΣС磬ϷǿӲ̬£ʢİаʢģǶˡ

ƽѾöûйϲˣƽֵʢ꣬Ÿ̫˺ӣϷﾹЩӵĸоԷԸ˲ƽ߶ڵˣһЩѣҲȥӡ

ȻƽھǵϲȦλΣϾǺҪͽСգһ

ϲųӣΪСݺĴ㣬Ҳ㲻ͷվʵδȥ͡
ͬ
һµһͻˣȻýӴ

Ѿ˸˵ʢװ磬һžͷԸϺȻһЦĽӹСһ£Сô࣡۾ã۾üһģһ

۾С촽ԼͶϣ۾ȴҲǵĵ
Ϊе飬֧֧ģţе񡣡

е㰡˺
ô룬û˵ֻСҡҡ̲סͷСĶͷȻ֪뵽ʲô͵һ̧ͷСһܿЩ롣

˽⣬Ȼ֪Сôˣ
ȥŷֽʢװƺϵױϵü




60.   60    ɢ˺ȷ

60
гյ, Ϊ᷸ʧ
Ǿֻǹˡ
ôױΪʲô
ǰһױ̫񿴲ɫ, ﲼ˵Ѫ˿Ҳûȫڸס, ֤ûϢá
˹ϱ̫æ
ô, ĥһҪһ, æҲܲ尡

С, ҪȥϷˡ

⵹Ǹᣬͽ˵һȥˡ

˦ԶԶ, Яǰ棬ֲɽ˽ã, 治֪Ҫôл㡣
ںҲŲµľǵܵ, ܻܵתˣС, ԺȻͻȢһĵӡ뵽ܽڻص˵㲻Сǰæ, һǻм֪Ҫô

ָЦ˵ʲôллģҵãǴҲҵ׸硣Һһ, ϣܹúá
˵˽, ˽ҲԸˣлܽࡣ

£̶ЦҺͿ, ҲлӦġ

ɲǣЦӦˣ²ŵ㣬һˣҹú𣿡

ҹú
⻰֪أþͺһ㣬ʱЦˡ

Ȼƫͷȥ
æЦúܺðôҲųˣ

Цôôǿ
ֻ̫ۣӦòɣ
ͻȻͣţ۾ֱֱ۾㣬״̬̫ãʲô˳ĵ𣿡
ż޹ȥһ£ھв˳ģԺҪôⲻ˳ģԳɹң֣жϲ֣뵽ǰʹǰһ޴󷽵ǿŲģʱһᡣ

ĹԶ׼һ˲䶯ݡ
Ҫ˵

ȴһĵĽͻأĲ˽㣡
硣

һӴ˿װ㣬֣תͷʱѾиɻЦ

ˣôһ첽ߵǰһ۾ܿȴƫҪװģĴһȦأСܵ磬ûһ𣿡
ȻûЦЦζȴʮ㡣

û
ոնû뵽㣬ΪǱǰԺˡ

£͵ſںȥæˣæ˻Ц˵˵ȴʵֻͬһȴһҲûְˡ

Ȼ
û˳ĻᣬҲˣ̧žԽ˹ȥ

ԶǸиɻЦ֪ʲôʲˡ

ȻЦſˣ߰ãȥĸǣ

㡭ʡ

ֱץ֣ģûʲô˳ĵ¶Ҫ̫̫磬Ҹæ˼죬Щ۰ˡ

˵û취ֻȽ°¡

Сӵ磬ϷޱȸˣϲĿĵЦһƬǽǰһһЦŸĿ˵ܿϵģҸ˵ŮǰТ˳ţ޺һСţӲɾ;Լˡ

ǰƽĵճŮĿ˶֪

ⲻǰƽǼҴŵŮ
ģǺܳϾģϷ˾ȻҲһأ
˾ֱˣǺãٺҲѾˡ˼ң

Ϸ˴ȰĿ𣬵ҲСˣҪúøƷõģǧί

Ȼܿء
Ϸ˿ؾͺ͵ðƽһοﻹ˺Сү
͸͵ɲǣģ鶼õĺӣȻõġǿϧҼѾûĶˣǱߵиֶ

úúãкõģͷֻ˵Ϸ˾һڴӦˡ

Ѿѽ
Щżֳ֪ϲ˵㲻˿ڣһĸл˵ȸ뿪һ𣿡

ϷЩ죬ܿͷãСȥɣ

ߵԺ̲ס˵ˣã¶Щĸ׸ĸ˵һɡĸģ¶ٲ˵Ҫ࿴ˡ

ٰߣȥԷ˵
Էûţֱӽϵ̬Լľ˵ˣĩ˵һӵ£ҲΪ˱һӹ;ĸȥӡϾʱ򣬾ΪҳͷҲȻҪ˾ˣԼõġ
˵һػΪ
ίƽȫԸͷġ

Ȼˣȴδɿڣֻ̾ҵû뵽£ǼȻ粻䣬˳żȥ࿴ɣҲٰ㿴ûкʵġ

㣡ô˵ˡ

һЦãллңĺܺá



ǻת⣬ܽȻó͡
պðƽ鲻ѣֻӴ˼λݱЩĹͣ˵ʵûȥˣ㽫ܼҶܽȫȨܽȥˡ

վû档

յεܺ͵ˣȴֽĴƺЩࡣ
ǰͽĺԵˣһܽͳͳΧ˹ȥֻΧϵˣȴʩһµġĳСӦȻóܽطĲãƫƫЩͶϹһ㣬ûһ˲
ܺһڼȴȴЩ̲סˡ
һ˽ţʶܽȴԽЦӭܽʱһˤ䣬תˡ

ȥĶǰæţүˣæ

ܺȴֻûŲԽˡ


үһţԸû¿ȥ׷æǲߵСȥ

Сĸȥ׷ǶүСˣڶһµľүڶµľǶˣֵүԵ׷ȥûȥ׷ܺ룬ȥ˶ˡ

ϢЩ⣺˵ˣ

ǰС񻹲̫ˡСЩĵ

˺Ҳˡ
һ򲻸Ҳܲ˿ġ
ǰзʲô𣿡ʡ

Сԥ£СĵŽүȥǰͷˣԡ

Ļ˵Ҳ֪ˣΪܽڣĺû֮ء
һѹסĻĿ̲סȭĶָ״Ƥ糣Цţã֪ˣȲ

СܸоЦˣæӦһ첽ˡ

˿֣֮ǰȥͷ˵Ļ㶼˵˰ɣ

æͷ˷ģū澶˵ˡ

ǽɢ˺ȷٰ˵ɣʡ

ֵģūȷ




61.   61    ܽأһᡭ

61
ù緹, Ǳ㽥ɢˡ

˰ʱڼ֡
ǰͷ˶ˣ˿, 
ܴϿԾ, ȴһҲǰ, Ҳ, ɴ֮ǰĻɡ¶ûйϵ, Ӧ̫Ҵҵ˿ڷӣǱ·İɣ

ĸ, ҺͰȻˡ񣬹

СѾߵһˣϷ, æúú, ǿذɣæһ, ȥúЪţ, ɵźô֡

ЦЦߵߡ
ĸǾˡ

Ϸ˰ڰ֣Ը𣺡, ʹ򡣡

Ӧ, ̧˳š

ϷԽŮŮΪܵƲ죬粻, Ӣͷ顣

Ϸţ˵Ļᡣ

Ÿոߵʱƺ˵룬־ⲻȷĲ²ʵڲóʣ˱ֻ㣬ƽ¶࣬ҲùԼ塣ﲼѪ˿Ҳû˯õڣӦңɲôˡ
ʲô£ôģɵһ˵ֶȥġ
԰ܽҲ˳ǰջ˵ÿҪȥ㣬ۻӣ֪˶Ȼġ

֪ôˡ
ЩпǰҲˡһʵûʶõ˶ģȴ
ͷһ۶ֻЦã÷ģʵˣҾͻؼ

ͷ֣ƺĸԶЩĿҲƫſһ࣬Ǹ˵ʲôһ㡣αװ̫ɹڵлɣȴǲԼңˡ
һֱ͵ſڣǡܽҲһˡ
ÿЩ˵ᡣ

ܽʵҲûô¡صĴ磬̬ı䣬˿ǲһˡƽܽӴˣҲһɨ۾ͬģ˿̵ܽݺʹǰһɫƶʲôһ㣬ƽҲ̲һҰԡ
仯
仯ã
̲סۿҲЩɬȻ

ܽȴǵһЦ㣬Ҫ𣿡

šͷ

ܽת֣΢΢ףתȥ

ɵܷܵţһʱ˵ĸо
Ǵδгһܺܽദܽոտֵһۣʲôû˵Ҳڸһ㡣

ܽȷʵи˼˴ֿʣ㣬ȥҲһˣʱôңί

Լ׵˰
һɰʲô˵ĳ嶯

ģһỤģǼңû˿ԸίܡͻȻǰһ֣صĵ

ĳ嶯һӾй
Լѡģھ£Ҳи飬ʲô˵ˣ֪˿̵ĵܵܣȴһֱȻ룬˵ĸо
Ǹɱˣ᲻ú롣
ûӱЦ᲻֡
ģҹúܺáЦ֣Щء

Ӧˣã

ҵԶȥܽջ߿Ŀⲻһ᣺á

У磬ô㣬Ĺúܺ𣿡

òãܽʡ

⻰̫ûش𣬵ܽ𲢲ȥôʾ䣬ʵ״̬̫ã֪۵ûϢãʲôûϢáʹ򣬲֪ǲҵĴܾƺûдǰ׽ˡ

ܽ΢΢ü㶼ܵÿ

ûϲˣֲɵӣϲһʲôģǰӣֱŤʱҲǵһʱܷ֡
̲סܽһۣЩûĵȻܣҸ׽ĺòã

ʵܽҲˣ½ֻߵʱ˶ݵĽӴ˵ģ׽ܣΨһˣųһ£ȻЩġոѾˣʲôû˵Ȼûɰųͷ
ãգȥһ𣿡ҵɡ

⻹ܽһæ
붼û͵ͷС

Ӧôɴࣿ
̲ܽסЦЦãҶӣȥĸ˵

ȻܽĸѾǵһˣ֪أôԾЩڣæ˵תעûϵģʹйأҸ˵һС

ܽûٶ˵ͷ
ܽһ䣺ϲвſÿпϵģ

Щˣһֱںͷмʲôſ˵۾ʱһʵôаҿ𣿡

ǵġܽͷ

ȻУ
ܽն˵ãֱ֤ҵ÷ѡܽǰҲˣԶʣ˭ѽΣ˼ܿ𣿡
ܱܽϵģƷȻֻҪ⡣

ܽû˵˭ֻҲ࣬𣿡

Ȼа㳤ÿɱұ绹ÿأ
СװͷܽƨȻУôӢܺ࣬ǼֱǴŵҵˣ


ԼȻô
ܽԼƷòȻܿϡ

ʹˣ
ǲҲݰ
˵ףҲʶԷʲôˣֲĺС㣬ܽңٲҲȥġֻʣأͬ𣿡

ܽͻȻͣţͬ⡣
вͬģԲҪǼˣֻֻԼӹǾҪЩʱˡץЩӦܽ͡
ݣñһ䡣
Ȼ۹⣬ȴδָָܱܽ㡣

̫ܽˡ
ţĪֺ˵Ĵ
ʶԼʲôپյѾٰԺſˣʹʲôû˵̧žȥֻûܵϷſڣͱͻȻһȣŵһ

ⱩϷˡ
ϣô˵ȽϿڣֵϣҹ˵

ϡ
ֻᱻϷ˽һϡ
ôˣ
ѵСݣ
󾪣ҪȥѾ׷ϵܽס򣬵侲˾˺ͱ綼ˣӦ˰ãȥ

˾˺ͱ磿
ԣˣݱȲʲô˵ݶֵܵһʱԣаƽСݱ¶ˣֻаƽܾˣ
ץԱһѾߣʣү𣿡

СѾ߱ǲشģܽүҲæʵүڡ

磬ȥо˾˺ͺү

˵꣬ܽ͵أһỤĸס

һͷ֪ʲôʱʪ˵ۿͷų˼ᡣ

Ҵܳȥ̧ܽŽš

ｭȴδͦñֱĻϷ˵ĻĸףϱʶˣҲ֪ΪҪˮ

ʶʶ˵ôģпź֪

Ϸû

˿һۣĿӹڹڵϵһС˴ϡ

˴ͷȴܸо˵Ŀ㣬æתͷϿϣôģ㿴ңǸ˲ԸߣˣССҵĶӰҲҪߣСҾˣϣԸүⱲӾֻһˣ㣬кãСҰɣ

ϼֱĿѡ
СĺӣΪСż޸ƽģСƴžһģĪֵ˾Ȼſھݣǻʣһ˿ǣֱ˵С

ϷͬòᣬŽŭյģֻý顣ϵڻŲϹץյֱֱȥ

ţûü㣬ֻܿŲյá

յȴδҵϣͻȻһֱۣסǲյ
յأžһˡ
ܽǰһڽǰͷСˣ˵СĶӣʲô֤ݣǴĸ׸ǰĳ첻͵һĪеľ˵֪ʲô




62.   62    ûϣҲû񡭡

62
ܽɫ, һҪŽϵ̬
ǺĴү
С壬ʶ˶һۣȻŽŵʲʲô

ܽҲ˶һۡ
۹۱Ǳǹ, δСˡ
ջߣС, ū, ʮ, ǧ
ܽȥ̲Ѿж, Ȼû˵ȨҲǰ״ģɷô֪Щ

ʮ
ʮȥδػó, οҪǧǾҪ
Сŵɫһ˲ɷףٴȰ㿴˶ˡ

ûõĶ
һ, һȴģү˵ˣ㵨, ǿҪС˵ģԣʵʵ, ʲô˼ˣ

⻰һⶼûУС, ȴ֪Ƕв
ǲҧ˽ϣĿǱҪܲ˵ĺ
үͺһܽȻͷֱĵĶͷѪ, С˲, С˺ͽȷʵѺˣСС˺ĺӣ

Ҫ֤ݿԣǾ͵Ѫףȥү, үСѪܲڣܣСǸǧУǲܣǸǧеľǽϣ

ĸף⻰еǲС˵Ƭ֮ʣִɩ˵

ϷƺҲ˵ˣŭԻЩãǾү

ܽˣֿסˣţ
ϷԲõĿʱĸô鷳С˲ڿ˵СĺӣǾͽСѪ׺ˡ

Ϸ˼
ǰԼƫˣô鷳

ۼϷɶٿСѾŵ˶ᷢˣʾ

˼æУС˵ǼٻȻ֪˺һź룬Ǿ֤˽¾Բ㣡СͺүѪףȻĻС˵ģҲпǱҰ˵أ

ǡһֱĬŵĽͻȻЦ

Ϸšü΢΢ȻĿӷƿ䵽ʱܿƵ¶˿ӶϣЦʲô

Ѿ֪ˣСġ
ûСˣҰڵء
СƽԽһҲˣЦðƽһСһ֤ܺݵĸϷ㣬ж㣬λǳҴС㣬ǾΪЦҪ֤ף

һĽϣ
ɫ䣬ȴ⽭ʵѲ

Ϸȴһ˲ΣǵģС˻Ƿ˵û֤ݣ֤ݣҲȴһٰ˵ġϾǺˣûܼңҲðĸžšԼΪ϶˽ϲ㣬ԲС˺ͷ˵ʲô˵ʲôýЦľ档

ߣʲôﳰǾͽСͺүѪףĵģ˵û˭ţ

ʲôѪʲôף֣ƽ洫
䣬ͽҸԼǰš

үã㿴ô죿˿첽ӭȥ͵Сҧ˵ʹɩСзҲ׼С׹⡣

ƽ˵ǲ˼㡣
Ȼ֪С׹⣬ΪСѾֳܱ£
ϺСǲ۵С˺ͷҲһΪĶ˺ЩֿϷˡ˺һѻӿˣǰĸףһ죬úЪţǺЩʲô

ƽôؾᣬϷۣүۼҵѪͳң

ȥˣ
ƽ̵ҲˣСǲҵĺӣѵ᲻֪ĸףȥЪŰɣС

үѵҪһֱӽҰ˵֣ñӣ
ͻȻ󺰡
ѾˣǱƽ̬ġСʮ꣬أһŲһ࣡Խ⵽ҰӶԸ⣡

ұ죡κһ˱ô˵ܲˣƽʱŭ

ﱻŵɪ£৵ľˡ

ոձƽһѻӿˤϵĶˣˤ˵ȴҲʧȥǰͼӴ׵ǰүѵҪⶥñӣ

ƽĿѡ
ûñСȷʵĶӣô˵ȴܲˡ
ϣ͵ػͷˡ

ɫƽһ˫۾ȴֱֱӭζû

ƽҧãǾ͵ѪףˣС˵Ѫף
ָСˡ

үҪСѪסǶ˿Ŀڡ

ȰƽϷҲүţǾ֤ҿСѪףǲӣ

ϷҲˡ
ΣƽܺСѪ׵ġ
һתͷһСԲ˶ûӦ֮ǰߵСǰºݺݵСͷСӶûӦͱҵͷѪ˹ȥ
ֻͷлСԲߵ˷ߡ

Ѿɵˣ֪㣬ֵֻĿŰƽжֻжû

ͷƽƺ˶ĸ飬СԲһӣֻһųĿȥ

ﾪŹȣֱôһߣһҲ˹ȥ

˶ŵˡ

ƽһϽ˲СͷϵѪתϷˣֱĶħ㣺ĸףҪҵ£ԼҲˣ˵ʲôҲûˣǲǣúүĸǲǾӦû
䣬תݵĿˡ

类ɵˣôһһһƨˤ˵ϡ

ϷҲûõȥҲ벻ĶӻŰһ档ͬģҲʲô˵ˣ֪Сȷȷʵʵӵ֣ӡ
֪ʲôã
Ҫʲô˵ðæš
ۡһ죬ҪЪˣǶɢ˰ɣ˵Щˣӻַ֣Ը˵ﴮͨСЩ벻öĻϣͽȥˡ㶨ҪСĴãߵЩһ԰䴫˳ȥΨʣ
Ҳȶ˴ӦѾߵ־ʹҴȥ䡣

ƽһȦˣĿڶϣҹСˣҹ
ͬûȶ˴ӦתһƵˡ

ֱʱڻع񣬶ǰ˽ϡ

ͬȷ˸ոհƽΪǿƽ裬Լܲ˳С뿪ƽδ֪

£û˼˵
ųš

ͽĬŸ

ֿܽһЩľĶˣ̧Ÿȥ

ٰãȻعԽʱ䲻ˣ磬ͻȻȥɣ

һӵĻʣԴ˿̲ʺϡ
ֻĽϣݶ㡭

ģҺܺã㿴үǻ𣿡ϴ

Ҳǡ
ƽոǷˣԣȴάá
˵ŮͶӵµģʱԣҲֻܲ˵ˡ

Ҳ֪˵ˡ
ĵĿϣǵĿ
ǰƽǸӣõʱһжãǲˣĸͱöΣհ
ĸʲô£һʱͽŸҡ

Ͽһۣͷ

ҸˣҲѽͻݣֿСŷܽ˰á
ţòĥĥߵܽǰ

ĴˣֱܽʵСȷʵҵĺӣ𣿡

ƽǰ㷴Ӧʱ˶֪ˡ
ûϣҲûϡ




63.   63    ܽܽǶ

63
̬Ⱥͳû
ֱܽڶЩ, Сǰƽģ𾪰ƽȻһĺӡԺӶˣǶԽ, ĪҲһƬģ
Ȼܽﲢߣò濼ǡ
ǿ϶, , ³֮ǰ, Ͳϵ
, ֻҪϲͬ⣬ڵԸƽ⡣

𲻸˵
ȻСǰƽĬ˵, Ȼ¶ƺܽûʲôֱӹϵ˿ܽǰõĳĬͳõ飬СܽһѪԵϵû, ܽӦĻŻ
ǲ
ˡ
ǳ׼ʶ˰ƽ񾭲һ, ĬСĴڣͽС, ɽ챻ôһ̣ܲ, ôŰķӦºֱڣûûһӣ浣ĽϺСδ

֪ˡܽȻ, ȴֻǵһ䡣

, ŵ̧ͷ硭

ôˣܽü

֪ô˵Ҳ˵ڡ

ŵˣܽʣ̧ͷ

Щ׽Ķ, Ȼֻ֪ܽǰòģЩϰߡΪ飬ϰҲûҶ㣬ֻͷʵʵܽࡣ

̲ܽı仯Ѿ뿪ָڿͣһ˲Ȼٴ£޽Ǵķ˿𣬰˶
¡ûµģء

ܽᣬĺܵγˮһ
ڵĶҲ׽ˡ
һֱܽġá۵ܽͷĶһƤͬʱͻȻǱʲôһµͨˣʼܽǲѡ
Ͼ׽ȴ
½׽㣬һֱؾûء
Ѳøǲͬģ
һ𰸺̧֮ͷĿƿܽ

ֻܽ˳ķӦӨСɵĶȴ͵̧ͷͬҪʱץһ㣬һ˲ΪΣҲ˲

ȷˡ
ʲôãǣ
ܽܽǶ˲е˼
֪ǲе˼ģȴƲڣ

ۿգۼ͸ĺƻܽƽˡ֪˼ˣֻǿһֱ벻ôڣǹ⣬ƺ֪ˡǾ֪ɣҪ֪νġ硱Ŀġ
ܽδڿе׼ȷ£סĶ
ĴУָֻܻ

סʱ˶ˡ
º̲ס¡
δٴεͷĽë΢΢ţĻҪ

ܽ죬û뵽ˣû㡣
Ȼ뵽ǲң϶Ѿ㹻ãӿĵһͷһҲ˱˼ⷢϲĶȻֵͷսЦʲô


öˣ
Ľëĸȴ̲סܽɫߣ
ŸСûã֮ͥµϷˣ
ƫƫΨһпܶԸƽľֻܽ⣬ʲôҲ

ϼëͣ裬ƺҪվˣܽ˿ЩٶˡȻһվȣ϶۵Ľڻˡ
֮ͥ£С
ڣҲС
˿ֻܿͷ¡ĸ˵Ҳġܷʲô£ءСȻûѪԵϵϾܵܣһỤġ

Ҫʲô
Ҫ
Ȼʹ˽ӽܽģԸ⸶ܸһŽϺСʱ˿̣֪Ϊʲô÷ǳί˸ôίΨܽҪΪĿӦС;ί
á±ܽѾ˿ǻֻӦôһ֡

ܽţȻû
ǿһͷĳ嶯ˣ

áִһ֡

Ȼںߣ̬ܽȴ⣬վŲ˰μǲٿڣֻܵҪȥ̲Ь඼ˡʲôʱãԸ

˫͵ؽա
֮ܽ⣬ҪȥЬ࣬϶ǡ
Ůҵ벻࣬Ҳֻ࣬Ľͷø͡

ûܾܽû룬ĵˡ

ֱܽ˰õԺţ̧ͷԺƬ̣ס۽ǣܾúܾ֮ȷˣתϷȥ

ϷｭϲŸհС˯ţľȻڴߣû֡

ĽϣոܽʱһʧӰ٣ʲôģһʼȥֻǣҪĺΪĲһˡ
ﶼΪСίڰƽ
Ըȥǰڽǰס˽ϵ֡

͵ػ񣬳˸Ц

Ц𿴵ۣٹ֮ǰǿ˵ƽõĻֱʵǲǱŵˣûµģ¡

ôû뵽¶󣬾ỻο
ЦֻܲЦȴȼᶨûŵ㣬𣿡

֪Լ۾Щ죬ûŷϣֻҺܿͻޡҳ޺СƽӣܶǺ𣿡

϶ܡ
ҲǰƽǺãģǰƽܷĸߡ
ԣȻСС
ƽ㷢裬Ͼ¶뿪뷨ֻ°ƽҪС
ǸõСŮˣΪ⣬ҲȫûкͰƽ뵽֪Ůǰ¶ţҲ̲סŵɪ¡

۵ĿҪˡ
ŽϵͻȻҲóȼᶨ¡СġҳˣӦҵҲ䡣

ܽ
ϾǰƽĶӡ֪ŮԲͽˡ

ȴܿ϶һ


ܽĺͰƽһ
ˣ˽

ϳĬٴεңͰƽĲһ

ԥţͷ

ɿϵ֣ͻȻǰһȻѸȻˡ˵ҪҸһȥһ˳ɹ㵽׹úòáůˣҸЩӣЩûպβһȥպãһվ͵ȥˡ

ܽǵĹˡ
ϵͷֵȥʱ˳СĶǶȥѹͷ¡ףܽС

ͷӦ£СϴõĶǶ
صԷʰװá
ϼ򵥵࣬쳹׺ˣԸţ˵ƣܽסȥˡ




64.   64    һ

64
Դ, ܽԺĳ͡
ͬһ·ǰŽŲ죬Ȳ
, ȴŲأС
е·Ҳߵʱ, ԺΪ, СֱԲͨ, ȥ

ţַ, ̲סЦӴҵС㣬ү, Ǻأ
ţֲڳԴС϶԰ƽʲô̬, ƽԽԼСʲô̬, 仹ߣȴѾǰһһ˼ϸǰ, ƽҡڲ֪ǲǸá

û
ܽȷŴ, Ŵоĵʱʵڸ˲
һۿϷǰȻһתߵĳ嶯ܽ, ڰձʾ, ᷢʲô£ֻҪӵ˶뵽
ǺڲԸˣֻǡֻ̬, һϣϵԽԽá
֡ͣš

ţֿڣƽϷ˳һۿԺЦСӭСˣݣүأ

ƽҲ֪İɣ
ôƽĹڹһ
û²ɬȻƽСź𣿡

С
ƽ²ԼҴүϳĵơ
СѾСˣȻסԭķ䣬Ѿ˸СѾźţε˲٣ÿҲȷҪϷһ²
ǰգϻһζûС
ڣʹүһ֪أƽִүһƳǺµĸоɱֵС㣬ҲٽСƽˣСֺСүĳײˣСֻƽС֣С֣ƽǡ

ƽС
ǰƽأҲײˣ
︹̣ȴû˵
ͬʱܽôĵҲ˵ĸоҵͷ̧ǰ

ܽѾ̲סӭ˳վϷſڿ𻺲߽ͺһһĻǵһμһȴ֮ǰÿһθоһȷѾȫ֪ˣǴ˿װ׵ĸҲһ
Īţȴǰӭ
ŮӣŮ
ãôˣţڣϵˮ©

ţ֮ǰڣⲻնҪȥ̲С㵣͸滻ġ

ţһͷܽˡ

û΢ͷӦġ

òӦãӣǾӦˡ
Ϊָ̲ܽסһЦ֣ƽһʹɫǰ

֣ƽæţ֣óҲ࣬ڰ˱ĵضźȱȥ

ţֺʶȤҪҲ֮ǰϰˣװĲǰһݡ

ɣܽȽ˲

ܽ뻤ϷȥŮһߴӢһòСƫǸߴӢĻһòС̬ţ̲סӿ˸Ƶͷʲô׸ðһѪԵϵûеˣ㲢еģκ˿˶˵һ䡣
ɲŮòһԡ
Ȼ֪뷨͸ţ־ôˡ
˵ڱǰһ̲ס̾˿
ϧǰ䣬ҲõĹϵˡ

һߣܽϷȻܽû̹ţȴһ·ֱӴԷſڡȻеĲһ߰һţ֣׼ȷ׽ס֡

󵨾ٶһʶ

ܽȴЩͬʱЦģûҵû˸ҽġ

û
ǰ׸ı󣬿ɾǰƽĴү嶤ĺӣδĺүˡ
ͬڰƽǰû˵Ȩһ㣬ǰҲûС
һܽš

̬ܽ˵̲סЦҪЦֱԭرļ£Ϊ̫ˡգԭΪҪݣҪӦⶼѣȴû뵽ү˺Ȼǻϲ
ҺܸˡǺܣ̫ˣرˣޱȸˡ
ܽԽ֣ϲŮǰ֮ǰʮڷԭѧĳȫټϲҲϲֻҪһ뵽㣬˸ˣʲôҲ벻ˡ
㡭ʲôʱʼϲҵģЩ棬֪һЩһЩ

ʲôʱϲģ
ʵ˶ˣʲôʱϲ
ûй飬ôʵôȻ
ûס̧ͷ𾪵Ŀܽ

ܽȴʧЦ˼˵Ҳһ£ǲҰ˻磿

֪ܽ˵ǴˤС԰ȫʪ͸ʱ¡
ʱֻЩл
ҡҡͷ

ǰ
ֲܽ£ˮҴȥԷѣҶˮװû

Ǿܽ˿ЩĪ£ҲЩ顣ϾܽͬĸãȻˮڣҲܽỤ
ֻõʱȷʵܸм㡣


ܽٲ£ĸʱΣգȥ̫ҽٴθмԲϲģ
ΣܽЩˡ
δζΪлѵ˾Ͳֵϲ
ĳ࣬ƺ
ǲϲ˷
᳤ܻģ
ǲϲӣ
ĬȤҲ棬ѧ峵
һԼȱ㣬ܽ˶ˣϵЦһ壬ҲЩ

ȷʵǸмܽģΪмҪʱΪܽȥܽ˵£ȴ룬ܽһһΰƣǱͼ
ۼܽɫٶˡ
ϾܽǲǱͼСľˡ
͹һ㣬͸øһȥ

ûشһ⣬ܽͽǰһקƽӵ㿴ҡ

ĺܽ߶һ£ܸܵܽʱ
ҲòϣܽüãñĿӢ
ķɿ죬۾գգЩٿ

ܽȴȻָȶȣ̲סЦҳӦû԰ɣ

ֹǿԡ
ȺôЩˡ

֮ǰǿҵġܽ˵

ֻõǣӢޱȡ

ܽһŵ˲˶˵ֵϲĵطġȻֻ˵ûʲôýģҲˣĲżʱ
Ҳò˫ĹܽҲ˾ָ̫ϡ

һδ鰮ζС˽ӴⶼǵһΣܵܽ㣬ֶ̯ܽϺŵĶ˳ΪƿҲ֪Ҳûãʵû취ֻһգ˫־סܽ½˽

ܽ˽סڰкһᣬϡ
𡭡

˵ʵǲ֪컹˵ʲô

ֻܽ඼Ҫֹͣˡ
ֻͷ֪ʲôû˵ֻǣֻһ֡
𰡡




65.   65    ܽŰƽѡ񡣡

65
, Ͷͱסܽˡ
ʲôûҲʲôû˵ôԼĪһӵʱ, ȻƿҪʱûӦٲԥ, ȹӾ˳ȥ, ţֶ˽С

ܽȷʵסˡ
֪ϲ, ȴû뵽ôϲ
һŮҪжϲ, Ÿ󵨵¶
ֻҪһ룬һľˮһ㣬
ϲһŮ, ҪӿŲ˳վߣҪúñκ˶Ҳ۸

ţ֣֣ƽ, ͿԼɵվԷſڷ
ⱻͷԵ˰һ·ۼ֤, ֣ƽҲԻǲǻˡ
үɤӣ֣ƽٹձȻʺļ, ͷϢλȥһ˴¡

֣ƽ˵, ܽһ˲ָҲȥһˡ

ǡ֣ƽӦ£Ƭ̲סֵүλƺҲá治Ӻм俼һ𣿡
֣ƽѡźĴү, СʱֻЩһ㺢Ӵ, Щ꣬ܽһҪңȴÿÿظҪһϸ̴ӵĽ, ˻˵ֱЩĳЩ棬ܽǲġͰƽһӺӻ

ʵҪܽ˵վӲõġ
Ȼò츻󣬵ȴظ¶ȫ
ֻϧƼ˰ƽô룬ϻѯʣܿ˽ѾӺһˡˣȻ츻ţˣҪٵı֮
ܽŰƽѡ
һֺݶˣΪνĲˣųӶݲ£춼ˡˣҪȨ
ȻˣʵϾ㰲ƽѡȷģȨҲҪǰһңʲôںҪˣҲԼ˲ǰƽݲҪֻظ
ֻֻĵˡ
ȼ˵

ӺѾˣԵĸ̶ܳȣ൱ЩӽݳԣȴбҪѡһǰߺЩʥλΪΪȴҪǻǣƣ嶼˵̫ӡ
ܽһֱûҵ̫ӵĻᣬˣٽӴ̫ӣҲ١
Ͼ̫ȴá



ҹˡ
ķҵĽٳŲס˸Ƿȥơ

δȴ͵һ±ײѬ˵ľƽײײ˽

ûȥǽߡ

ƽȶˣֱֱ߳壬˽ǰ崲ûˣһͷſǽվŵĽϡֵۣ

ûүȶˣȥ˸Ѿɣ

Ƚ϶ƽüͷһ壬õ

û
ƽȶˣⲻơ
֪ʱûҲ֪벻ִԼҲЩھ͸ùԹʲô͸ʲô
治Ը
ǲȻԡɣ˵žҪߣȥ˷ˮ

ҽƽŭ𣬽ŲȽϷӦֱֱϣѽײǽϡ

ϳʹƺһ

԰ƽ˵ȴڸˣǺһЦһѱ㳶˽ϵݶѾˣԽˣ
ϵԶ֮ǰס޷ΪϻûָС£Ҳӣ鷳Ƶĺ˰յľƣ˱˵̲סˣ˿һҪʩĳ嶯

ŮȻ⣬ٲԸҲˣͷҲɢˣ˺󱳵ۣնͷǰأֱ󣬽ƽҧ̶ʱҪôѪҪôһƬ
£ȴ֪оûá
¶ִѿѹȴŮ
ϵδεţȴҧһûԡֱƽקһӵϣҲѹ˺ȹʱڽץ֡
ү֣ʱȴޱ侲

Ϊ侲ƽҲѵõĺָһ˿ͣ¶ӸµĿô㲻Ը

̶֣ȴ˵в
ƽĵ廹δָ

ƽЦ㵱ô֪

ǣ㲻֪
ڲϧŮ˵˵ӵȷͿˡ
Ϊ壬ȴࡣ
ûðƽȥķԱȣΪƽ䡣ֻ侲˵ʵ飺û˸㣬СʱѲ˼ŰġүǸλȻѾһˣȷʵûȫָáǲţȻҸ㿴Ĳλ

˼
Ǹλ
ƽʲôͷ࣬ôģӵĸʲô仯ΪʮŮ˵ĺү֪ķǳ˽⻰һ˵ܿƵı㿴˹ȥԺҲһ¡Ĳλڱ𴦶ÿο
ʱһ¶ûˣŽжױŰߵЩ̬õθڡ
һ·´󲽾ͳߡ

ƫϻӶĵү𼱣ٹϸվˡ

ұ죡ƽһͷѾߵߣץյͳȥ

ֻԼûȻҸͷѪ࣬񲻸ã

ȴͻȻСѾ߽Ͱ͵ү󡭡

ƽǰһţվſڵ֣Ƶĵʲô

һ֪ʱڲãҲɲڣֻܾҪ˵ĻүǷͻȻļѾ˴򿴹˵ǲأúúϢʱ䡣ԣܼҵ¶
ڰƽҪɱһĵ£˵ȥˡ

ļ
ܹܼˣ
һһģʹǰɣ
ƽЦǾͽúЪţתԸһСѾߣȥһǣԸԸ¹ܼȨԸ⣬ڽȢ֮ǰһֱܣ

СѾӦǣæһ̵ˡ

ûһŵ֣ƽˡ

ֵĻֻѹЩĶˣĲˣġ



գ̲ʱ֣ܽƽһҴҳ˳ǡ
绹յĺ쾹ƬƬͰĺƺͷȻǸϵſڵʱ򣬻δ
ǰҴҺСɳֽСɳŽ˴¡

ʱĴڣ˵ϷĵӵƻðҴԺȥִּûɡΪٱܻܵñҲܼ˹һ䣬ûǰ˵һͷײȥ

ǰһƿ˴ơ

Űµȴһȥȴȴһˤ˵ϡ

ӣ
С㣡
ʹͬʱ

ذ׵ʯשϣҲѾʪһƬǱҲûˤ˵ǸŲһЩ̧ͷȥǸҲˤˣû°ɣ
岻ãɫҰףɫҲڡ
𣺡ò򿴿




66.   66    ѦӿǰǸġ

66
ѦӿǰǸŮˡ
ü, ǣòüȴʱ˵һɼŨĳ
, ⶹγɵ£ʪĳмƴ, ǳһ, ȴһ־ĵ
Ϊԭ, Ѧһϲˡ
֪Ϊ, ʱǰˤһӵŮˣȴϲ֮ġҡҡͷء, 

Ҳ
ȻԷܾˣ£ǵ֮в, ԵƽҺĴү, ҪҽҩĻḺġ
ԥ, û˵żң˵ҡ

ƽĴү
, Ѧǲע⵽ֲҡ
ƽQЩҲ˼ڰƽţ˵ļҸòȴЩݣ˵ĵճŮ˳ɹ, ֵӣ˵ĵճܽڳ׸ı, úĴү
ǰŮ˸˴磬֪ܽδ䡣
ǰ, ܽǸȥҵĽ㣿
վǱߵġ
ȴ֮Q
ǡѦһӭδǨŭá

ӦˣٶԣҪߡ

ꡣ
·Ѿʪ͸ˡ
ܴС㣬ɡȥðɣѦԼ죬ô˵⻰˵˵ˣҲټƽϣɡݵǰʶӹߡ

æϣеɡȫϡ

С㣬ã
Ҳɡȫϣײɡ

Ǻá
ô֪ǰƽĴС㣿
ĿѦԽԽԶȴ²ǵݡŵ͵Ӹղӥһǰµݲ򵥡
ƺûʲôϵ
ûٶܣˣ߰ɡ

ɡ˱ߵЩһ꣬ϡٵĳ£յ鶼ЩΪ˱ˣ˻Ǻܿͻ˿Ժ

򵥲ӻ·һȲ¶ǣűűߵֽɡԸһظɡš

յüȥҲѾͣˡ
ƿɫõС㣬ūҲĻء

ȴǵꡣ
Ҳƽͣǽˣֻ¾ƶȰɡ



ܽһ·糾͸ϵ£ƫŴ겻òұܹ˭һܣʹ˼ѦӡҲһˣΪ֪ͣѦѾˣҲߵʱڴſڿ˳ɹ
Ҳʱ䣬Ե¡
ȴû뵽ῴֻдŵ
㣡ûԶͳ

תͷʱ

̲е¡ܽ߹ü˱飬ֿ۴ƣŵһˣ

죬ȴֻ治ý͡
˵ɢģʲô£Ҫһɢģ
˵ӣǱ˲˵»飬Ҳһġ
˵ʡ

㣬ǲʲôˣܽʡ

زˣҲ֪û壬ֻõʲô£ܽ

ܽĬһ˲㣬׵ܵܣ£ҡ

һů̶ЦҡͷլŮ֮£˰ﲻʲôæ˵Ŷ£ƺ˵ģҽ˵£Ҷһʱ㡣

ܽû취ֻӦ¡
سǺȴǲԸӲǰ͵˳ɹ
ˣȥݼ˳ɹϷˡ

ϷǸݵ̫̫
߸ףһ˫΢΢ţǸĳࡣ
ܽȴ飬ӭܽ࣬ܽʣЦнһٺݿ䣬ĩ˻ǼҾãȴ֪ˣռ٣һ֪ҲǷĺöɣǼ㣬ĸ

ĿܽʵѾϰˣС󣬲ʲô̬ȣгûٿ䡣
ǰֻûȴǹϷ˹ˡ

ϷֵǼңԺ͵ԼңпҪ档

ܽƫͷлϷˡϷҽ㣬ҶҪлġ

ϷҲһۣŹЦ⺢ӣѲǼ۸㣿ͷĺˣ۵ĺӣȫءǴ֣ҽܰίҵһͲ

ЩҲˡ
Ѿޣֲϸ˵ѴܵܵģҲȷٶˡ
ǱϷˣܽ˵Ҫ㣬֪ʲôʱпգ

ʵǲģĵĳ治Ը˿ܽݼϷ̬ѾԣپܾˣպɣһЩ¡

ܽصƽʱ򣬶Ѿ˸ʱ
еһһûظĵһ²ȥιԸꤵĶӣ˺֪˰ãֱ˰ȥˡ
˰õԺſڣȴײİƽ

ǰƽȷֵʱʲô

ܽųѬ˵ľζŵҰ˳ǣȴ˴ԴӴ»صģЩģԱãæȥ㡣
Ϊܽòӽ͡

ƽ⻰ȴüʲôɲĵģվϹģ

ܽɫЩ
ˣڸ˶ʮ꣬Ҳ˲⡣
Ǹʲô

˵ȥ㣬ȥˣ˸ʲôŶԽ𣬰ƽҲͬ

ܽɫˡ
ˣظ¶֪׽ôǻˣ
ǻ˵ĵĻ˿˰ãڽ϶ԾǺ¡
лҪ˵ܽǰƽֱۣȥ鷿˵

ʲô
Ҫȥأ
ƽôţȻ˵ȵͱܽקŲòˡ

һ·ƽק鷿Ը֣ƽҲȥţܽżɽӺӣѡ˭𣿡

ᵽغƽδĴ£ƽŬۣǿָһ˿
ôѾдˣʡ

ܽǵģҸӡ

ﲻˣƽɶӲ

ӱŰԡ

һ㰲ƽȻ֪
ҲһֱӺ֮òԭ
˿ܽô˵ȴ̷ΪߣɱϡѶ³ٳò⣬ܳɴ£

ܽɹֵ֧ӡ

⻰ƽʱһҲ˲˴룺㡭λ֪

Ȼ
˵Դȥͽûô߶Ϣȴǿ˾ˡ
ܽûش⣬ֻѾ޽˳ɹ

Ҿ֧ӣƽȴͻȻôӮˣԱסҡӮˣҲԱס㡣

ܽɫһ˲ǳϵİƽֻ˵ľȫȥ˰ɣ




67.   67    ĸͬ롭

67
ܽͰƽٷѿ, ƽ˴£ȴǰƽ£ԼѾȥɹΨһ׽㡣
һ, ЩʰƽӮ, ܱסͳɹ

㰲ƽûͿ, Ĭһ˲ҿԱ֡

̲ܽסЦ
Ӯ, ܱǼҵ˭Ů, Ǵһ£ֻΪӣԼο, ż޹ȥ¾Ų˳ĵˣ»ʱˣպƽ̨, ˵Ļ᣿
ֻ³ɹݲ£

ܽĳ, һϸǳƽͻȻŭôȻ, ǻķԭȥ㱣ǼңҲ۲㣡, ƫ᲻ٻ󣡡

ƽܽ鷴ˡ
ǺһЦǻطԭ£Ԥ˭ϣǲз, ĸСֻǽ, ܺ룿

ӣܽһǲзһҰ֡
ǰƽʹ, ˵ܲˣο˿㲻ӡһ𶥵Ļ˲ӽŵ״ܵУ͵̧žͳܽȥ

ƽʱܽĶ֣οƺ
ܽһɱܿһץһק˫̶ֹ󣬵ûлģֻϣؼСķϣؾ
䲻ȰƽӦûлĵһֱֵӽƽ˹ȥ
ⶪϣ˵ϲڵ壬̧ȥţԸүȶ˹ȥźЪ°ɣ

֣ƽɿ쳯￴ۣȻæͷ
ƽ̱ϲʡ£˹ȥοոôѹסֵģƽǱӴεģ
ˣģ̫ˣ

ƽСû֣ƽĿܽطԭº˵ʲôз£·˸СȴҲˡԺ氲ƽŭȻͻȻûȻûҲܲµô¡Ȼȴүߺȥƽͷְƽһӡӡ

µЩʱ䣬ʵ̫ˣܽûȥ˰ûǻԷæһգոֱƽһЩˡ
һֱȥ˸裬ڵ˼ʱ˵֣ƽרŶ˰ãжĸײ飬̸ҡ⣬ٰȭźЩѾߣ뷨ͽ˰á
ƽǰƽ
ǽڰƽʲôĥ˺Լûټ

֣ƽӦ£ȴģүոôԺү󡭡

ܽԭǴ㡰ίԼȵͷöӵģΰƽǸˣ̲ˡˣǱ㲻ˣȷȷʵʵûѡġ
Σô
û£ˣúġܽ



ɹԷ
ҹˣڴڰ˴ιǷʱ̲סڣС㣬ʱˣЪ˰ɣ

Ҳһ⣬о˰Ҳûȥһֵ黬䵽ϣ̧ͷɫְҹֶڿ죬ȵϣܽʲô
ֲ
ʧȴַߺޡ
Ըڴǰ¶ֺһ˫ذ׵ȴճȭָĶۡ
һǳ׺ˣͲʧҲߺˡʮһ꣬Ůʱھϲ֣֪Ҫ޸֣߰ϲ̶һ¾Ҫģ̫ѣ̫ѣ

ѵҪһֱȥ
㲻飬ӻûѦȴѾˣӣԺĶҪô죿ί˵ѵպĶŮҲҪܣ
߽ߵĸ
Ӧû֧룬ĸҲ
ǺظܵպԸЩˣЦѦǺˣǳѦԸ

Ȼ黹вᣬʵѾǵİѷ涼ǵˣû룬ܲܺ룬֮ҪôҲÿǡ
Ů˲ǺĵճС㣬ҲԸ

ȴͻȻ˼ĽŲ̧ͷʱÿ˽
㻹ûЪأ

ôĶţ档
ſڽʱ򣬺֮䲢ûи˸Ѧʼմһһ⣬û֮ǰȸġѡһ𣬲֣
ͻȻãеĲЩ
еĶģȴˡ
үôˣ̵֣Ĵ⬣ҲˡĵѦͷʹҲʹͷʹϹȥи̿Ǻã

ּɼüȻǰ棬һдκƣͱ𳰷ˡЩжۣѵ㿴ҶΣô꣬ѵҲ𣿱ҶûŮ֮飬ǰƺ⣬ƫƫʹУҲܣĸҲɲҲܰ

ôϲңôƫƫأ
ʮ޸֣ȷܻĹ
ǣһֱϵ˶ʮһżޡʮһڱӵˣĹ̫ˡһֱȥĸ飬ֻѹܽһأٴο˺£㲻òѦǸˡ
ӣ㵱Ҫ

ҵ׹⣡ѿ˵⻰漴æҹĸµΨһŮĸһ⺢ӱҲҪĸҲͬⰡ

Ѧ˶ӡ

Ը⣬̰Ѻӱ˵

ǣǾЦ

æǣǡΪҪǺӺͱã룬Ҷġǲ룬ǾڱҲСģǺӱǸкԺеһҲǵĺӵģǸ޹أңֻ㣡

ĻĿţͲˡ
ţأ
˵ʲôоˣΪ֪ĳŵκˣǲܾǲ֪ôĽܲˣ
ĸͬ
ܣԺѣҲ¡
ǲܣֳЦʲôã
ġ
̾˿롣

ãú룡˽ģ֪϶ޣǱЩЪ˰ɣҾͲˣȥ鷿˯

ٿˡ

Ҫߣȴһۿ˷һ߸߹ϱĺúõɡһɡ⣬ģɡƵı־һɡó
ɡģʡ

ɡôƴΪֻЩûе£ӶԴġ鶼ûУ˱ܵġ

ģ
ǣƵɡȥ񵽣
ֲţȴûʡ
ֱЪ´ƳȥŽ˴ȥʡ

ײһˣ˼Һĸģûʲô˵ģ˴ʵʵ˵ɡ

Բš
һʼϣĻˣҲȷԴˡѦҪذƽ˵ֻ˶סûἰ



ܽһֱ֮ڵǰһգȥ˰ãҽϰҪȥһ˳ɹ˵ˡ

Ȼûͬˡ

ܽæýŲմأ˾ֱʱпռһ档Žϵʲô˵Ҳʲô𶼲ʱ̫
˽̵лĸסô˻ῴȻĸףһ£ˡ

Цȥæɣ
ܽ͵ȭŹ򼫺õѾѾ͵ˣΪ˵ʲôû˼ŮȴǸмܽġ
ܽҪߣȥ硣




68.   68    ίˣǡ

68
ܽȥ
ʢ, ͷֱֱϣֱ۶һʱЩ
ǰܽ, ȴ˲ЩƽԽζֵģ䲻֪ϸ, ˰Ϸһ, ȴ֪, Ͽ⴩˸С, ȵķգȴڲϵ˿
ûҲܲµƽˡ

ٺ, ˰þͶİѾߡ
ܽģ˶мõȭŹ
Ȼ»ûóȴʵһ㱣ϡ

ܽ, ȷͰƽͬ
ƽϲҲ, ܽȴ渶ܶࡣ
ί, ǲ룬Ҳþί
ƾʲôأ
㲻ƷòԼĺ, дӦñ

ֱܽߵ˰õԺſڲ½ŲһͷƼ, һ˫ÿһգգ, һͷҲ²ŷӦ
ʧЦ㿴ʲôأ

תϴγ׶ˣûа˿ίԸ, ܽ¶˸ǳǳЦûʲô磬æ𣿡

ܽһԾ˼ˡ
ЩǸεĵȷʵЩæܻæɣȥ˴㣬Ҵȥתתˣˮ𣿡
ܽȥ֡
ǻձˮȴûҪ
ʱЩԹȥԼ̫顣
ͬʱͷҲе㷢飬ɱ¸

£Ҳˡ
ֻܽǸãǴʱȻҪܽЦģǲˡ
Ůˣô˵أ
ǱǾ͵˼Ҹеòǡ
롣ЦҪҺô

̫ˣ
ܽ¸̾ǳЦֻޱȿɰæȻʲôʲôֻ˵Ҷ㡣

̾Եлл硣

ʲôлģ
ñ˴ˣԺҪȢģãⶼӦõġ
ܽҡҡͷ̧ͷ϶ͷǲᣬһһյʱһ˱ˣͷˣȥɣ

ȴǰ͵Ժſڣŵҿߡ

ô᲻
ܽһĶҪƮˣֻýŶǲƶһ㣬ҸЩƮƮȻ
ֻϧûҸá

ƽС˿첽ʵүǲҪСȥС

ܽϲ̼䵭ȥСˣôˣ
ϣ찲ƽڶվѣȻҪȷʵʲôûǰһҹ˵ĻҲʵǺú룬ûıˣΪƽб̡

С˵ү˵С޿ˣСǶԷԸжССԼС㣬Сһȥ

ܵӢˣҲȥǹҲʹ죿
οǣô
֪ˣܽûӦҲûܾ

СΪǴӦˣһ񣬹ȥ

ܽȴת˵Щϴʰúֱȥǵ㡣

֮⣬𲻽Щģ𣿺ү˵

ùܽЩ񣬻ֻЩû£ģҲҲҵġ

Ȼ֪ܽճүݴʲô԰ƽ˵ǼΪˣȻǰҲʱû̳кʵ⡣֮ǸˣܽΪĵǲ˵뿿С·ޱ׵ģ
ƽѾﶯˣԭȻܽվ
˿̼ܽӦһŵģú˶
ã۾Ӧɴࡣ

îʱˣ򵥵ϴãϴ¶ǰԺȥ
ȴųţʹ˴ҴҵĽŲһͷ㿴ܵŴ׷

ãȵңܵСţȴܴ

ֻͣ¡

׷ϣָܵ𣺡ã˵˽һȥôһ˾ߣǲȥ˵һ
С£˻طû˵ү֪ȴ̲ס˵ˡ
ԭͿܵ˵ĻݣĿȴļˡҰ˹ϴ˶ӣﶼô㣬Ůܺõȥ

ܽܣҲ¡
ֻûܵıģƽΪҲ֪ʱ䣬Աûȥ㡣

⻰һܵ̾ñðˡ
ȻȥǰƽĻʵѹ֪ʲôʱߡ֪£ǿ˯һ˶Էһж
ﱻ˹ܼȨڸλһǧɣˣ
ߣǧ򽻴ܵǿŭ⣬̧Ŵ󲽳ǰȥ

ܽһܵһʱü
ЩΪľ˭Ҳȴû뵽ܵǸˡ

ܽܵ΢Щ𣬵˽ǰûôû֪ͨԹԽ硱æȴ̽ͷ̫СˣҽЩƵûţãȻһɣ

ܽԭʹ𹲳һģܵ˵ʵ⡣
ֻٳٶ۵˶ܵж޲ļϵ˱ôܸ˲ŹˣѵǲǱ㲻Ҫȥˣ

Ļһܵǵɫ˲佩ˡ
һҪȥԼʵҲȥ޺󵽵׹úòõġ
±ôһѵίǾöˣվûʹ󷿶ģίҲֻͷáЩˡ磬ûµġ

ܽûֻվĴ¶ˣȥɣ

ܵΪܽǸ˵ģȴû뵽˾Ǵ¶
־ŭ۾ɵͭһ󣬵֪ܽ棬ûҷһ

¶ű£ҲίСһ

λ
ӷ£ڵʵʵ˲Ÿճ˰ƽĴţܽһ죬ûסڣ뱧˻
ʵԭڻϵġ
⼸ûýֻһŵҲȴвס
ʵҲף˭֪ҲأԱ˲ôˡ

ȷһ
Ҳǵһˣϻػء
˾һº˳£῿ܽˡ

𣬽ίˡܽ

֪˵̬ܵȡ
ʵǰֱӶ֣ܵѾ㲻ˡ
㶼ûȥ˼˵̲֮סЩжûСûί

ǰͲǸίˡ
һˤС԰һûԡ
ڶɻأֱӱ˻ȥ
һûί뵽ǰװ۸ӣܽЩ㲻ء֮ǰ㶼Ұºɻذ㣬ܵ۸㣬úݺ۸ǣ

ἰɻأЩ̡
ʵʲôģ飬֪ܽˣǰЩطʵǲװġ
ҪҲںҲɻأҲ




69.   69    δֻи⡭

69
Ҳɻ, Ҳ

ô˵ܽЦˣֻЦȴҡͷС㲻ں̬, ҲҪ˻᲻Ϊ̬ȶ룬㲻Ȳͬƽ, ˿, ܻ۸, ֻ߻û˻û, ĺʲô𣿡

ĺǰǿ˶۸
, Ծܵλ൱˻۸
һȻ뵽벻ܽ˿ἰԭѾ̬Ҫ, Ҫô͵͵һ, ҪôһձʹʲôֶΣںԺ檡һ, ²Ͼµ뷨

ĬܽȴΪ벻
Ҳ, ڷԭ´ʮ꣬𾩳ҹӷĲһǰ㡣ͨ˼ҳʮ꣬ǽ˺ҲͬѹţСֶκǡ, ʵණҪѧ
뾡Ȣ, ںլһ棬ƱصϸΪѰһλʦˡ
ܽ¼£𽫺˻, ĩ˵˲㣬ԼҲʱʱ̿ߣ㲻Լ˶֪һỤ㣬ҿ£Ҳ뷨۸㡣

ֻ˽͵͵һôôǸС㣬ãȻܳȥ˿⡣ıںլֻһϲ̨Ҷѣ˼𣿱Ĳ˵δӣһַŪ

ܽý˾˵Ḳϣ۵ҲȷһԼ϶Ǿ޸˵ġ
粻ô
ˣδֻиһ·
ôĵӣ
Ѿ˵ˣ˵Уʱ˵˵ĻǾͲǸϸֺ̬ȡˣ͵ǺˣҴӦţ˽ҪΣֲ֪
ͷ֪ˣҲסˡ

̫ˡ
̲ܽסͷﱧøЩ

˳Ŀ

ڻǸ˶̲ס棬ο񲻽ܾһ¶˳ţܽһ·ʵʵֻˣǺˡ
ǱḲϵ̲ס˶ǽԼϸĦ˺üأȻֱ伱ͷ鲻Խ𡣡

ؿɽһ㣬ҪˡûԹҲûܣЩ¶Ǳܵĸ֪һ𡱽еһȻæۡ

ܽĬˡ
ٲԥһԼϣȻƫͷȾϺϼһǡͻȻץȡðЦű£סﶼĽ޺촽
ôô㡣
ԼΪƿؽ࣬ȴʱĶһͣһ϶ȫ輫ǿ̣û

ˡ
ƽһϣƽһαҧס˴Һһ˫۾ɵüоᣬȴƲסһºۿỬ

𣿡ȵỬ£䵽ܽϵʱȵġһɿ𣬿ϵۣһ˲ңһ˲ûڣһ˲ۡ
𡭡ܽʶǸ

ȴؿڣΥĵĵҡҽš

ԭǽţ
ܽһΪ̫ˣˡֻǽţҲݵˡʵʵĻصһٶȴǺû£鵽ⶼ¶š˶٣ֵֻ㣬ģҲġ

ֻ߬ܽ⻰һͷĳ嶯һһҪңôô˵ôġ
ܽɵ£Щ˵ڡ
šֻƵӦ˾䡣

ܽ˵·û̷£ʲôûû֪·ۣĬ鰢ӷ

ͣ£֣ƽ𣺡үˡ

áܽóȵӦ
˵ӣȴæ£ȻæȥͷѹѹȹǣȻһ·ʵûʲôϾ⣬ﲻ׽Ц

㣬ҲæҲԼ¼˱飬ȷûв֮ȥܽȴ½Щ壬մǵɫոձմʪ˿Ȼˣȴӡǡ
磬滻ôָָܽǰ

ܽͷһӡǴˡ
һ˳ţȻ滻ѣָ¾͵û£³ɣ

˵ĺԣȻܽû滻ѣҲֻ
˳Ŀͷٻء

ܽǺ޲öԶԶģЦ׷ȥʲôû㡣

ӷȣֻ⣺ǳɹô

ѾˣܽҲٶ̧ͷ۳ɹڸߴңǣǳɹ

ڰƽɹҪһ̨ˡ
ֻɹҲҫָһͰƽҲǰһĴڡ֣ܽ߳ȥʶЩЩϢ֪ѧʶϳɹǲԶˡҳɹľλϮ棬ȴϵʱԼҲûʲôˡ
ѹֳɹվӡ
Ҫ֮Ժռ
ǲ֪⹦ܲˡ

ܵں棬һ³Ƽ첽ǰ棬ܽ׷ͷЦŸ˵ʲôԶԶţշɺ죬ȴ֪Ҳ˵ʲôܽͷ
ʵʲô̲ܵסᣡﲻǺöŮҲɧӣҲʹɫϣýõģƫϸţ

Ѿߴһӣֻʲôû

¶ˣһѾߣҲֻܵû

֪ʹ򷢴ƵſڵˣһӭӭɹϷ˴ȥˡ

Ӧߵŵġ
ǵ˺ȴڡ

Ϸ˵ǰ㲻ģȻܽһͨ䣬ܵҪѷһЩôҲ˵˼仰ʱȴֻһЦֶû˵

Ҳ
ǣǰţȷѽ˸߿
ǣܽҿ϶϶˵λáȻأϷ˱ǸӣҲöƫƫˣҲ˵Լ£ڳɹʵûкܱء

⣬ܽϲԣܵǣ˼أ̲ס¶ҫģ

Ϸ˽һĻ۵ף³Ц֮࣬ûʲô뷨ܽȴԸ߿һۡ
˱ԽŴƸϽȥԷ

ɹϾǹ֮ƽլԺɣͥԺ⣬Ϸ˴Լĳ裬ԱȰƽҪݻöࡣ
ܵĽ޵úãʵؿһͲĽˣӿŨŨʡЩڣӦЩҲģܹһ˼ҲһأƽƽĻ
ŨױҲûס۵ڣ״̬ǳõʱԸͰĻˡ㣡ô⸱ģ
ǾȶǹĶֻֻԼ֪ˡ

ԭ벻ױ˵ģ֪Ϸ˺Ͱƽ̬֮ǰײеܵżϣԻŨױȴû뵽ԭֻΪһܵҲˡ
һֱӽгĿαװ




70.   70    СˣȻ

70
ǿһ˿Ц, ¶࣬æɫЩ, Сֵģ˲֪ĻΪôء

赭д, ܵȴš
ǰսЩ, ϸ˻, ʵ𣿡

ȻԽȻ, Ц˵Խֵãˡ

ܵ, ĵ
ȻܵЦģٵģҲ䲻ʡ
һͷ, , ԷôŲԺﾰɫϷ, ƺڼסԷ֮ͨضԷ, ǲǺԷҲйذ

ȷйء
⴦ԭԷΪֲŽ֮ΪԷġԺھɫа裬ͬǴ֮ǰ, صشȥԷ, Էװġ
ԭ£ڰǰ֪ѦѾУЩʱǻϵİ, ŻϾڷԸЩʱѾѦһˣ
Ϊ˲ܵЦֻЦŵͷ

áܵҲڷԷԷ֮ͨˣٿȻ״̬ѣȴŻξ󣬱֮ǰڰƽȻøˡ
Ȼ֪ǺճŮױ٣ʶⶼָġ
¼ĻٴȼԹѰ˵ض£ĵȷʵǺãԴöȣûί㡣ֻЩۣż޽ɹðһȦ״̬Ҳ㣬ɵúúñ尡

ЦҲûｻ档
ۣۣû
ֻǵһЦ

һȭ޻ϣ춼ûУܵľȤ˵춼

ȴ
ܵＷֳЩ⡣ڳɹò˳ģܵòģﻰںȴЩ̲ס
֣˶㣬¶𣿡

û
ȻѾܵȥμӹᣬҲ˶⣬үܣֻܺδȡԶ˼ҲûͶܿϵġ
ѾЩżˣΪżԲŸ⼵޵úá
һʿϣʱͱɫ

ƫûأʣļңԶòƷ㲻޵޸ŵԵĺӣȴҲǵõİɣ

ӣ
翼нԪҲûʸ޸ļҵĺӰ
СˣЦ
ܵһǺ죬һվֱֱָ

ǿžк˵ģһʣȴ̲ס͡һЦ֪Ϊ򱧲ƽԲŸܵϣЦֵǰܵõǼҲãܶ¶֪ҪЦ޲˺ӵġ
Ͳ۸ӣܵЦҪôȻڣҲҪ̻ȥ

ܵ˶ˡ
ָȴҡ
Ǵǰýĳɹⶼﲻġ
οµܽһء
Ҫȴţ̵ܵᶼ˳һ龲ֻ޲콵һףݺϣ

үˣнŲԽԽʶȥŸ˷ٵѦḧŶվſڵʱŭӵʲô


ܵæתͷͼѾŭſڵѦ˶÷ˡ
ոһ
ոûݡ
ܵӷɿתţѦĸ٣ֿŶӵ֣һ󵨻ȴô̼ͷӿ˳ɣɣ

˵ܼҶúˣѦվûȴֶֻ˶ϣĵ㣬⡭

죡ŭȣ㲻ôң

Ѧϻ㵵ĵɴۣȻ͹˳

ôˣܵûˣ¶ЦǰѦһ䣬ת㣬ǰǺѦҽϵ׺㣬ǲôô

ü϶пڽдֶ
Լҽ㱻ô裬õȴӲ𿴽ЦͲǹˡǴһӽãһپ٣ԴЦ㣬ⲻ֪ͬЦ
ʢŭУٿܵ㣬ֻǰ͵һڣֱֱȥ

æס
ȻѦʲôû˵𱾾;ѦǺöٿĸٺָŵĻʲôĶӣҲܲµôˣ
ѦǸβһУ
Ƕӻûԣ޽ɹ£ͬʱθѦ㵽һ

ˣĿڷ£ǰһ˲䷢ڡһϲô꣬Ҫ޵ɾһȴǽö꣬ÿĹкѡأˣͱһ
ж۰
ȴһֶ˵
ۣۿʪҲЩɬȻˣ㣬

ܵԷѦţãôˣʹⶼô°

ɵӶܿô£ƫܵװ
ѹŭٴε㣬

ܵʹһĶ˶ţѽǸʲôѽãһѦҽ㽻ãʲô϶ǵðŴȰȰѽ

ۣʱ۵Сյü
ϣ̧һһǰ

Ѧܵ㶿˶֪Ҫʲô

ãһ

ȴѾһקסѦһܵȻû˵ݺһܵϡֱܵһˤڵأȻѦûӦʱһƣݺѦϣˣ

ѦһѾæס
ӦŵĿ𣺡㡭㾹ȻҴңҶɻűĺӣңң㾹ȻҴңиһ±᲻Ĺ

ƾһǻŭ֣ʱѦгȴҲЩڡ
ǺڴˣǺˣǨŭڳɹѹ
˽Ĵ㣬Ӧòڷº󣬰㲻ƽϵѦ

תͷһʱ򣬼˰סˣԭ˹
㡣𿪿ڡ

ס֣Ҳˣʲôû֡

⻰Ѧɫ࣬˺죬ŭ

ǻ뱣ס֣͸̹ȻŲҽֱӴĺӣ㵱ôˣҺΣ˾Ǻ룬аƽأһ𣿡

Ѧ͵ش˸ޱ֪Ҫٸƣ
ݻûҷţѾߵ֣Ų·ˡ

ѦһߣڵϵܵڴлˣСˣȻҴ




71.   71    ͬ⣬롣ǡ

71
ûô, ܵԼ
վǰ
СˣȻҴðƽճС, ô󣬻û˸Ҷأ
ܵɫͨ, ͵س˹ȥ, ոѦһ, Ҳ
û, Ҳûܴ
ԭܽһһӣƵת˰Ȧ, ݺˤ˸еء
ܵѪζˤʱݿ촽
ۻίſڵ̧ͷ, δεĵ, ĵŭɹȥ

俴

Щȣɫȴƽ

ܽ, ɫ۵׵ŭ𼸺ѹס
ܵ, ң֣Ҳ죬ֱӴ㡣ܽɭ顣

ֻһ, ȥ, պǸˡ䡣


֣Сȴң
ܵҪˣԣԽܶ, ׵ãƫһˣ

̲סСѵôװױ𣿡

ô򣡡

һӣ֨ˡ

ܵҲ޼滵Ӱ£û֡ɴһԹ޵ˡ

ûں
ܽոȻһֱĬʵһֱǿѹŭ̲סߣֲڼңȥϷˣͷҵ

ҡͷЦѦϷ˵ĵŮ¶˼ΪѦЩ¹򡣡

һǴϵ¶۸
˵ΪճŮͨ˼ҵĹżȥҲ£Ҳܲˡ˵˾Ͳˣұţ޶¶ȴҲֵ֪ĸ飬̵ʱ򣬴ʱԲ˵ǻֻô˵һô۸㣡
¶̲ˣҲ֪ôµġ

δ˵ܽѾˣǾͲȥˡһؼҡ

ֵһҲΨлؼˡ
˵ͷãҽдʰ¡

ʰʲôУֱӻȥСܽĶֺ룬ȡҲ١


һ㶣ĬƬ̣ȴʲôû˵

Сɫֻ֮ûвҲûвԸһɣЩˡ޳ܣʵǴңã׵ܵܣټҲȥ
ߣ㣬ǻؼҡߡ

̧ܽŸϡ

ܵ˾ôˣֱҲߣһ˱ǲһ˵ûɣȻô룿

Ҳ𾪣ûС㣬ôСĻʹү𣿡

ɣ
ǿǳɹĴүֵĵ̳˾λֵλҲӦߣδҪɹŮӵġǣѦµȷǶ˵㣬ĸûͨҲֻҪֹѦĺӦò롣
ܵô룬𾪣͵Ҳн죡ؼңҶҪȥ磬Ҳ˸ˣ

ûϷ˴Ǳֱܼˡ

ҹûô˯Ϊõ¶ò˾һɣϮ㿿ϣûһʹȵĺ˯ˡ

𾲾һᣬ̧ͷһܽ

ܽţޱĿŶڱڣȥջ߳

磬㻹ðɣʡ
ܽʼֹŭ⣬֮һֱ侲ˣ֪ںģӦô侲̫ﷴܡ

ܽ˵ͷ˯ŵץ֡

һƫҡ

ָܽ򿪣Щģʣ𣿡

֪Ϊʲôץ֡
ۡҡͷȴŭĵֻûлᣬȻҺ޲ðã

֪ܽ˵Ѧ
ָЦ£ȴɭɭģ³Ĳҡ

ܽʱһ⣬ѦŮ죬һֵĺӣɵ磬ʲôɱǣԼֵã֪Ҳ˵ġ

ãġܽ

Ǳû˯죬۾ûȴȳˣɱ

һæ˦ܽ֡

⶯ЩۣɵĿãôˣ

ĶҪˣͰ͵ûûʲô

ûʲô
壬ɫ糣ֿܽ𣺡ôô죿

Ȼ˵ŵġ
תԽ뵽˸𰸣ģѦҾ֪Ǻöȴû뵽ô޳ܣ

ˡ
ˣˣԼֵο˵һĲ죬Ҫָ޳ܣ
Ҫ˵ޣʵ֡Ͼ֮ԻѦãȫǿֵϡϲ˺ܶ꣬ҪԺһӳϦԵˣıѣġ
£ֻ˳롣
뿪ǱѦҲٸǶԹŮˣֻҪܺ룬ǰȥ
ʲôֻĸߵͬҺ룬ȰȰС

ܽͬ⣬롣ǲͬ⣬һ롣㣬£ء

ԭ˻ŵĸоôá
ֱڶƽ˵ܵ⻰ȴ̲סһᣬ˵

.

صƽֱܵȥ磬κ֮ǰǰȻȴѦᣬǽŵǧС㣬Ƥ˿ӡӻûʵڲ˿
صȴȥ˶ˣߴߴ˵ֺѦ£˵ѾŻҪ룬ĩ˲ŵСˣҾһƣһҪұ

˹עȴȵȷֺѦβ

ܵ͸ˣҲ˲Ͻж˰ˣֻǧȷûʱöҪվסˣѦһֱ⸧ŶӣûУѹǹȥҫģǣһճС߸ϵģ뵽Ҳн죡
ܵԽ˵ԽˣϵЦڶڲס

˿Ů̲סֺݺͷ㣬ʲôø˵ģǺ뻹¶ֽǼŮӶٶеӰ죬¶ûɵʲô
䲻ܵѶûʹҴٰȥˡ

ٰû˴ͣԼ¶˵ˡȻһᶼΪ֪¶Ϸ˺Ͱƽܲ״ӦԱ˵߿ޣ˵󼸺˵ĵϷ˻
Ȼǹݵģȴ߷ѹ

Ϸۣϲסĵţ̫Ҽֱ̫ͰڼҴţӣҲҪ¶ĸɸɾܼŮôȥ

Ϸô˵仹ȴˡ
Ȼĸ֧




72.   72    ոմֵģܡ

72
̫, ĸôֺ𣿡
ܽ˵⻰ʱɫƽΪһ, µϷԼƽķӦ

͡룿
Ϸ˺ܳԾܽ, ȥ, , Ҳô𣿡

ǵ, Ҳôġ
Ȼ㲻Һ룬ں˵ٶҲûá
۾һãȻģҡҲ֪

Ϸ˰ͷ, ̾ĸ֪ίˣ, ĸһΪֻعġѦ, ˵¶֣ڴ, ǼҶͬ⣡
֮⣬ں, ͱˡ

ܽû˵

ҲֻͷĸЩۣȻЪЪ

ú, ȥ, ȥϷæֶƣúչ˴С㡣˹ܼңҪʲô̵ȱ, ֻȥ

˾ʱţ⻰ʱɫһ˲ŤָܿǰˣŵȥҲû˵㻹ðɣ

ܵ治һȥͶȴ׺˲סᣬڿ˺еζ˱ס

ϷȻû룬ģҵҲģ˲Ĩ۽ǵᣬȥúðοοɱ֣¶ǼҾܾôˣ

˷ˡ

ܽû˵ϷһҲ˳ȥ

æϡ
ûˣż磬Ҫôʹ㶼˵ˣ
ʵЩ⣬Ϸһͦģ¶۸ôֻ˵ݻûʵжأѰ˼ң룬ҲӦôȥз˰

ܽ˵档ҪϢңҪȥ֡

ȥ֣
ȻܽƽһҪȥֵĸоȻһӸ磬ԲܽĶ֣ǶСЩˡ

ܽȻȥֺú˵ģܲµҪȥʲôЩ⡣İɣҲˡֱȥĸǰɣܵһƣЩʱܻȥĸǷѣ֪ôɣ

ɫ΢䣬֪
Ȼָ¶ˣ𲻺ڣһΣᶯֵġҲƽˣԾţǸӦòʲô¡



ܽȥֵֵţ˴ֽгִ¶ɵЦ߹ҪʱԤ׵ĳȭݺݴϡ

۵ýг

ֻܽûǰקˣǺݺһȭ

ȭֱðǣվȣŭܽ𣿣

ܽԸٶǰ

ȻӸģʵҲѧȭŹģӦˣܽǰæڳơ

˽ʮУй־·磬ԽԽŲסʮйﻹйģܽĺ޻֮һߺһֻ߲ܶܡ
ܽ˲ɣ㲻Ҷָʲô
ܽס֣
ܽ㵽Ҫʲô
ܽͲҡ㣡

֣ܽͣȴǽѹȭͷҪٴϵʱ򣺡˵ʲô

̶һṦѾıǱ⻹ſڣˣ
Ҳ֣ȻֵСӣƽĴүҲЩͬŶηĲʲôˣ
Ժпͷܽͣˣո˵Ļŭ˵Ҫٲ֣ͣŲ㣡

ݣܽҴ㷸֮߳һ

Ȼһû
ֱʵ˵

㣬ԸʲôԸ֪ܽ俴ɫһ䣬ˡ㲻ͣڰеȭ£ĴõǱߡ

໡
۵ôУѾˣиôˣѵû𣿡

ҵȻûС
ҲûȢޣûԲӣ
ûҪٶ˵ܽӸµĿ֣Ҵ㣬붼룡飬㲻ٰ򣬾;дҼң
ֺһ٣΢˿̧ͷ㿴ſھۼһȺˣܽתߡ

ͺ룬ţַźݻ

ԶſڣĸߴջߣһĨЦӣӣǸˡ

һף̧ǰ
ߵߵʱͣſ˹ȥ

֣ƽһٵС˳ķҡҡڰڵվͻȻоǰӰ̧ͷۣŵͨһֹˡ
̫̫ӵ¡

Ц˲˶񡣡

ֲ򣬺οǹ̫ӱù򡣵Ȼˣܲ˵ģֻܵл̫ӵ¡

̧ţԽˡ
ֱӻ̲סƿֳ⿴ֺۣС໥һȳһһȥЦ¡
Цһߵոմֵģܽ𣿡

ǡܽǰڴλܴС㣬һĸͬ׽㡣ûм֮ܽǰѾ԰ƽע⣬Ѿ˽¼ܽˡ

Ժ︡
ͬʱҲһƳ־ĵ
һԺ̶ֶֻһ˲ܿͱ׿ˡֻܽȭŹǲҲͦ󣡡

Ÿո˵檣һ޸ֻ£Ѿ֪ʲôˡҲˣ̲סܴС޸ֻ£ոᵽ檣㲻ǳޣҲСʲôܴС㲻̵ġܴСµãҲһ١

šûԴ˷ֻȥʲôעºչ

ǡæӦ¡
ȴ̲ס룬ĪԼܽˣ

.

ݴһ٣û칫ֻǰؼҡ
Ϊɹ󷿵ճĴүϷصĴӣһģؼңϷ֪̾ˡѦڸоӪ꣬Ҳ֪̾ˡ
˼ǰŵԷ˱Ĳ֡

磡Ѧһ˺ѷΰĺ

ϷҲ۵ĲУţ˭ģĸɱģȻô㣿

ûشֻʣأ

Ѧһæƫͷٿ

Ϸȴһӵˣ˭Ҳû˵ֱܵӾˣضûУ˵Ѧˣ㿴

ѦڳɹǱС㣬ʵʱСҲͬϸƤݺݴһƣϲӡӣǰˡ

Ϸ˱۵ĲУڸ֣˵Ѧ֣ʵ֣㻹û˵أĸɱİģ

ȴŭ죬
ôĴѦܵܵĴǽδҲ̫Ŀˣ
ܽģҧ˵һֻһѪζ̷Ŀ죬³һź




73.   73    һ籣ԼһΡ

73
ŵϻѪˮǿ, ־ͷ̽⻹мҲЩɶʱŭﵽ˶㡣͵һվ, ĸҪҪ

۰Ĵ, ֱӰ, Ϸ̵
Ҳŭ˼, ͵ͷ, ãھд飡˵һ٣ֵ, д黹Уѵôװױˣ֣, ȥܼҪ˵

, ܾôװױˣ
ǰǴ򲻹ڽ, ܽҲһͲ
ֵԸС˽ˡ

ڳ, ׼ʱײ˸ոջظϳɹ

ֻһ۳ϳɹһԾϷ˵Ҫȥģֵô, ˭, Ϊʲô򣿡

Ϸæүãһȥƽ·ڸ˵

ƽ
ϱң
ܼ˴ϳɹüͷһ, ֣ôϱˣ

Ϸŭô£Ǵֶˣ㻹ˣ

ϳɹûϷˣֻ֣˵ôϱˣ

˸檣ֱĸһ
кöɣ͵ģмûͨûҵģ
ǣұЩˣлú˵ܽ˾Ͷ
£û˱ùˣ
־Լޱίʵʲôû

ܣϳɹնϱǲˣĵܵȻûҲԵ޹ʾ㣡

˵ǴֲˣϷ̲סֿӣʲôﲻˣΪһֱ궼ûͨСһ˸飬аˡҶˣҵҲӦˣãת͸ˣǰѴִ

ȻѦѾֳˣϳɹȴ֪
˿⻰ָϷˣŵ˵ʲôʹ

ֻȥˣ游úһСϵҡø͹ĸˣҵĺӣҶܲ

ϳɹŭЦôҪ

ѦϺ׵İӡ𵱳ⷢѦһҪ˶ϵľģһͷ޸ĸֻˡ

ǡǺǡϳɹЦЦתͷһȦûҵʲôֵĶתͷֲ֣ԵĿ̧ţֵؿںݺһš
Ȼʹˣϳɹȴã佫һֱߵ÷һزźݺˤڵϡȴûͣ߼ǰֵļͷؿ˼£֪߱ܵĻ˶Ҳ֪޸ĸܿȻ֪Ϊô֪úչҸɾýƸĽĺӣ檣ãҿ㡪ҿǸҪ⣡
£ϳɹʲôˡ
֣תͷͳϷ˷ѣ㣡ȥҿҪˣ˼ǼˣŽʹ־ô˼ңǻ𣿻У㿴ųģôģҲҹҪ˵

ۼϳɹúˣϷɫװױ˼Ȧûҿ

ⲢϳɹϷˣһȥҪȥܼҵǸҲò㣡˵ַԸֵСˣ̧ȥ򣬽ţ

صϷյƽЩϳɹԸ˽Ѧ
ѦСϵĺӶѦ밲ֱӵѾȥץҩˣͷҩڼҺһʱӡ游Ըһ£ģû㡣

Ȼϳɹû˵Ѧ֪νҩ̥ҩ
ɫһ˲ɷף˫ֻŶӣ¿޵游ҲҡϲģҺͱ綼᲻á游㣬ӰɣûˣҲȥˡ

ϳɹû뵽Ļش
üʣûˣҲȥˣ

ѦΪϳɹˣæǣ游ûˣҲˣ

ϳɹۣʱ۵һ˿ҲûˣѦǺáҩͲúˣһ籣ԼһԽɣøɾ
ٲѦ̧Ŵ˳ȥ

游˵ʲô
һ籣ԼһԽ
Ѧ㶹ڵϣʯһ춼ûӦ



ܽؼҺȥ
Ѿù緹˯ˣƴ֪ãû¡

˰ȥ˻أ֪˲ûԽϵĸףöЩ嶯ҺܸлҲ㶯ֻ֣ģһûö˼ֳЦҲǸҳĸ׿ǧ

ϵȻûʵ嶯Щпԭ
෴Ҫֻվһ߿ţϻҪ˵أϾܽǼá
ģûϵôˣ
֪ǣ뱻ԽϱûĹȥ

ܽãĸײصġ

ϵͷ

ܽʱæ׷ȥ
ŵԺ룬̲סʣ磬ȥֲŻˣû˰ɣǲǺݺݽһ٣֪𣿡

Ѿݺݴһ٣ܽĻѾЩټ״̬ãѾҪ룬ڱ㲻ֵٰˡЦ£һô⣬ҸȻشĸ

𲻺˼Ц£æǸǲǺݺݴһ٣

ǣܽͷ

Цúã֪֪֪룿

֪ˣҽдˡ֪ܽˣ֪

Ҳǣһ溣ɽ˵ȢһȴѦ쵽һˣ֪ˣԽ뿪Խã
磬ĸ̫ô룬ү᲻Ҳ뷨ЩģǶͬ⣬ô죬ܺ𣿡

ܽȥİ취еľֱֱİ취
Ҫͬ⣬־ֻðһٴҪǲͬ⣬ÿ춼ȥһΡ˵ÿ춼ҪȥԸʲôԵĶһ

𣺡
취ģֱ̫ˡ

˰Ժſܽͣţ𣬲һҿܶʱûȥˡڼҿҲûʱ侭㡣

˵ʵȻԼ˺ܺõ裬ҲѾ¶Ľֺܽܽ˵ܲܽţҲþܽʱĵʵ뷨Ǹ˵ġ
Ÿˣ΢۾ӦȻŵ磬û˰ɣ

ûܽ۽ޣΪģ𣬱ѹԺеʱ䡣

šӦ£Ҳʺ˵ġ




74.   74    ȢˣӦþͻᡭ

74
ƽǰֵŵϢ, ˵ӰŮ˵ġ
Ϊʲô˲ɣˣ

С˴ͷأүǰ̧˸, 檻С

ƽͷŭһ̶ͣյø, ô򣡽úã

Сû֨, ˵үȷʵ, ڹүֵſڴ֮ͥ´, ˵˴ûأҪү֪ˣ¾Ͳôүúˡ

ƽ뵽, ʣǴСأؼˣ

ǣͱүӻؼˡС˻ء

, صк, ƽȥϷſţ֪, ȥһٰáƽûƴǣֻԸСȥܽҲϡ
һٰõ, £˵ݹĲ˿ڣѾ֪ˣҲϢ, ȥһ١

ȥ֣Ϸ˻֪¡

, ҿĲ־͸ñᣬҲý, ųɻã͸ô£ƽԾЩ졣
ɲῴŮ⻹ῴ
¶Ҳҵĺϵúúÿǿˡ

ϷҲЦˣǣĲܵܵģ͸Ϊͷ

ܽʱŵģûϷ˵Ļһ㣬صĸϷ˺Ͱƽ

ƽܽЩۡ
ӣõʱϲõʱҪΨһĶӣ޲
ȴǽϲģ㲻֮ǰĲѵõĳܽЦŵ˵ͷ˵ȥ֣һ٣Լˣ

ûС

ƽܽ´˱飬Ҳȷʵûţﲻɱˣ

ˣְִˣү˵ʲôʱţϷʡ

ƽ룬졣

ϷҲôá
ֵﲻˣĸһӦү¶ǼұҪ˵ޣûǰŮǸǴǰǼҵѦ̫̫ĵŮ¶ǲð졣

ƽðҲð죡

ƽ̬ȣϷ˾ͶˣͷǣǼҵŮίǿͷǼŮô죿ҲǼ̫󣬶ԺүҲ

ƽף

ܽۿһһ֣԰ƽ̬ҲΪ֪ʲôˡϷ˵ģǰܼΨһ𾴵ĳĳȴʧġԼҺôίȴ߸̧£ʵ˺ġ
û˵ʲôѾ˾˵ٶ޷ǳһ٣û塣
ŽֵǶٴֻڸ֡

ʧˣôʱػүϷˣˡ

ϷЩ⣺ôˣ

ƽȴһЩǼһ֪ô
ʣ˭

˻أ׼ү͹ү

Ķˣƽһԥȥ鷿ֽܽҲȥ
鷿ʱƽǰⶼûˡֺܽݣȥʱ䣬Ѿͷ·Ҳһȳһգ˶ûˡ
⡭ҽģ
ƽƫͷܽȴܽɫ㾪ӶûУʱһ⣬ҪǻǵԼҹŮˣֱȵǸˡ
ɣ׻ȿˡ

ɫ̫ÿ
ҲǣԼҶͲСˣ˯Ů˶ѣ׼ȴ޲ðĸܸˣο˼ңĸ˲檵ģȻˣģ¶һʼϾǼʦҲֱ̫ףοŻء
׼ңû㰡£ſھ⻰

ٿһֵˣƽһʱ֪ôӻ

ͷǳӣͷ

ּŲȥ̲ܽסȥܽٴһܣ˵гڣ򲻹ҲӦò̫ԿĿڻءҪǽûⷴ⣬»ظ游ٸһš
ٲԸʹŲŲǰҪƽ¹

ƽܿȥ򰡣·ѣŲ˵ƽĶͷˡҪ֪ҳɾһӣܽ˸˼ûллˣﻹΪ˼ң
ˣˡƽסֻ֣һ˾͸оֶ˶Ȼ۵ͷ΢΢£æ֡¶ĹȻԣˣ˭ûżͷʱأε¾ˣˣͰӻȥɣ

ֵͷѵлл

ƽæ˰֡

ŵ׼ң¶Ҳǽ֪˾ȺͿ£˵Ǽ㣬ǼҶûģҵ׵ŮϱҪģҲֻĲŮԣû֮ǰκ˶Խȥ

Լûڣ˼ҾͰѽ˵ˡ
ƽǳ⣬֣ıĪе顣
ֻײͿԲû˵ʲôѦĺӿĻֻǵǺҲҿųģȻ˴ֵ檣Ǿͺúɣᣬպ󻹻еġ

һĵ׼ң⻰˵ģҵû
ֺǳ֣ӣл㶼ʲôͿ£

ּѿڣƽˣ⡭̫ҽˣ˵ѧҲǳܽ˶ѴִģϽǸ

ܽƤ˰ƽһۣȴǶر͸ģŻظڼסɢɢİɣҲȸϰ¶ˣʱٻȥ

ˣ˵ʲôأƽú

ǲãϳɹĻѹţӵӦˡ
뿪ƽسɹϣŭһӲʶ̧ٵĶ

ʹ

ģĵһӣͽǲںѦĺӣϷ˵˽¶ܼˣ㲻мôܼ˵˵ˣպӴˣǼôţܰѺȥ
οƽʱڲڣ˵أ

ȴģ游

ֲ˵û£ȽȥׯϣЩٽӻ游ÿ¶ţûԺ

ŷģȴֵܽұز

Ҳ¶һĨ⣬ʱȱ֣ȵȣ㶯ֵʱ򡣡

ƽ鷿һߣܽҲҪߡ

ƽҪˣˣ㿴ִģУͻȥ

ܽͣţ棿

Ȼģƽһ磬Ҿͽȥ

ܽɫһСֵȥһ١

㡪ƽָܽҪǴ򲻹Ѿˡ

ܽ㲻£ǸĻ㣬Ǿ͵ֺٽдȥҪȻԺֲȻҼһδһΡ

ÿǲ֪¶ȻҪˡ
ƾʲôôù



ܽôһܣʱڼסˡ
ңظĿǰֻܽģһÿȥӦϷˣ뱻ܵ翴ЦڼҲס죬ȥסɢɢġ

Ϸ˵׻ģʵڲãˡ

ûһ˹ȥ䲻ĽϺСǾȥա

֪С¶Աûܾ

ܽ˳š
ȥСסĶֻ࣬ܽ⡣

˳ǣеԽԽ죬ƿһ೵ӣ˳ȥܽͷߴбǰʱ紵۵°ڣмӢˬģ

ãúðɣͻȻչߵ

һųӵһšǡ

ãѾֵ̲֪ôʹĸˣųϢһˣûһ׵ĵϢԼ£ֿʼΪܵܲˡ

룬Ϊϴδ޼С𣿡

ͷţкܴϵоǣϾûӣ̲ҲǴӵ¶ŵ˼ҵĹЩ
ʵоǣĽҵҸȼ

ǾٵȵȰɣѾԸˣȢõġʵûа㼵ʲʣɻ˵ΣȢˣӦþͻŹ˰ɣ
ôţ𴽽Цˡ

ܽ·ڤڤиоʲôͷȥ
ֻӱ绨һСڴߣⷽЦ
ܽһ˸Ц󣬱ææתͷ
ԭǴ㽫͵¾ߵģͷǧᣬ㰵˾⼸ֵԾͳ°ɣֻˡ
ѾӦԵİ취𡭡
ôںϺС²״ӦԳΪպõĻ




75.   75    ңܽ΢

75
ڴסˡ
һ·, Ъ磬ڴºɽһߡ
һлˣӵļҲѾ, ֻ֣һƬде, Ҳ, ֻܿһصլŮӾú͸˿
ڶսһյľ, ֱͷ, Ъˡ

ֵܽĴ¸ϣջһ棬κҾ˾˵Щ, 춼˻·ϡôȥǼˣҲԸ֣ƽСĸ·, ЩҲҪ
һ, ÿӳ⿴ȥ
ɫãһбڰ, סֻ»ɵһ㵭⡣
ǵ, κҾ˾˵Ļռ̳֮λһֱ̲Ӿ˷ʱ䡣Ͼʵ˵ȥѧ徭ƾ, Ͳ˵жô, 㿿ףҲʱ䡣꣬ǵȵ, ȲҲȲ
˵ˣǶȲ

ȥƽ±ܾӣʲôʸȥƽ⣿ͷȢⶼҪоԵĻȨƽܲסУǲҹС̶ʱ䣬ô죬ðƽҹ
˵Ͳӣ㿴ãҲᰲƽѡ
ӣǰҸţѾˣȻƽֵ֧˲һ˽ôƶһᱣΪҵ׹ϵ
˽ӦûбĽף⽻ðƽе
ĥĥȥֻ̫һ·ߡ
̫ϳ󲿷ʱ䶼ڶţݣһ涼ѣ˵̫ӿԸˡʵڲУֻʵʵ˵˾˰æˡ
һ̫Ӯ˻ãˣܻһҡ
̲ܽס̾˿

ϳ֣ƽˣæү𼱣Ͼ͵ˣ

šܽӦ

ܿͣ˴ſڣǰҪԺԼҲ˳ȥСɳһ·Ժȥˡ
쵽ԺʱܽסСɳ֣ˡ

СɳԶˣ֣ƽүôˣСѾЪˡ

ܽҲôãʵЩ
ȥɣ
ҲҪȥ̨һᣬ͵ˡ

֣ƽͷ͵͵Цû˵

ҹɫţȴ֪ʱסĿԺȴ֮͡
֮ͲˣǰȥƽǸˣǰǴĶүһСˡСȥûƿûʲôֵĹߣ㽨ǽ롣

һȫ˿ԺԺǽߣȻȭŹ϶ֻƤëǽȴʲô¡ԺСȥѿСӷŵȻûٿѹŶһ·ķſڡ
үסӦþλС㡣С˵

棺ô֪

С˵λСվĺС㣬ȻֲסοܴСǰǴС㣬ǳɹĴ̣ݶһˣȻҪסүȽСӣȥǣ

˵е
ͷ²ŵɩȥҲʲô͸ѣʲôֻ´һͲҡλӣҲʹϵûУǴ͸ҵҵȻȥˡ

ǶүȥСſڸšСЦһȵ˵

ӦˣȴɣɩҲͷȥˡȥСסˣʲôɣȻҶ㡣

СæүģСʲôɵġ

ûٴûƿƵ˴ߡ
ȣӵǰ뿪ţСİѴӿȻ˽ȥ

С˼ȥˣĽЦ£תͷȥˡ

û˷֣ԺԱߵһôϣ˿һҶڵµ֦Ѿϣ˿Сȥˣüٴϻ
ֻҪȥȴнŲ
ϼܽ˲²⣬ûȥǴӵϼʯӣѸ֣ܽƽ쵽Ժſʱʯӳȥ׼ȷĴڲϡ

֣ܽƽǶĿ֮ˣҹͻȷ˷ء
ôˡ֣ƽȿڡ

Ծ
ܽɫʱһ䡣
˹ȥָ̧Ҫţæַ£ߵǽߣѡ˷ǽڡ

֣ƽ

¶һƺߺۡɫã˯ֲϰƣ˸ո۳һƬڣʲô塣
æգգۣڿ˴ǰԶվһˡ
ͣǸˣ
㡢˭ôģæţôҡ

Ҳ𣬵ܿڴǵһСƺڷӰҲŶ伱ֵĺţЦ˭²¿

µóǼһ棬ǻȥ£Ҳʼûϣֻ˿һӶûлټôȥ

𲻴ǰһǿǼġ

ģ
ǲ²˭
ۼֱ˰ȴʲôֵĶûУԥǲǽг
ɶ˵°ȫס˵Ѿ߾ʹĸӣԼҶûסߡȻҲҪ˸Ժӣܽˣ᲻ȴû˵
ˣӦܵþȡ
ûضƧг˰ҲΣУô
㡢ʲôʣҪǮҵǮš

ҲҪǮЦŴ𣬶ֱߣ̽ӣޱţȻ㰡С㣬ҲҪǮҰֻҪ㣡
˱͵ķ

ҧûҼУ˲Ǳһȥͬʱʣһ𣿡

£ʶڵ£

ֱҪŪˣ̲ס˵ʱһӰͻȻ͵һˣ˴ñ˽
֪˭Ҳ֪˭Ӯ˼˲һæѿ´ֻûüܣֹͣˣһӰڵأһӰĽؿϡ
ոµĶʼĺ𲻸Ҷŵࡢл׳ʿ֮ҪǮҿ԰ѡ

ңܽ΢

ٿͻȻصˮĶЩ磿
˵Ѿ̧ܹȥ

ңܽȻһؿڣ˫ȴſס˹𣬡ûˣ¡

ү֣ƽžͱײˡ
֣ƽקСˣŵƸں˱㶼ڵϵˡ

ô㣿


ҴĶү




76.   76    شһ˲û

76
ô㣿ôʲô
, ֤ж𾪡
𾪲ΪжĽ飬ˡ

ѾץУ֪û, ԳĬˡ

ܽһֱûɣȴԲؿ, ʣ˶ǼҵŮ죿
ҪȻ, ֪, ׼ȷҵ

ԾɳĬ
ץ, ˵ǲ˵ⶼǲʵԼɵģ˵ָɵ, Ӱ쵽ܼҿ϶ֵĽԻ粻˵
, ۸δֲܼС, ܼҲ

ɵˣɵˣĬ, ̲סǰһŭʲôСȥ, ǵʲô

ǳĬ

ܽ𴽽Ц£ȻԸƽСȴȥƽ˴ȥˣɿ, һվ, űҴȥʡ

һҪɫࡣ

һףܽק½, ˳ŵһ˳ȥ
ȥĵĻŴˡ

ã˵ǰʵû°ɣ

СţǱܽļʱֻЩŵѡ
û¡ҡҡͷأû°ɣ

С˽ŵһ˲ͷ˵ģҴƵʱҲڣСչˣȻˣжӵȻηĥĥ䲻̫ǰ߶ûأ֣ƽ͵ˡ
ҡҡͷҲû¡

˶û£Ŵһȥ˴¶
¶ֻǱ˹ȥûֻ˷ȥһߴˡ

Ҳ֪ʳûһ㶯ûУ̧ſȥ

㣡ȴͻȻסǵȵȰɣ
֪ΪʲôܾܽʻĳʺոȻܺڣܽʱ¶ĺݾܸоõ³Բ̫á

ܾã¶йء˵µɫް

ʵҲĸо
Ͼûκιϵ
Ƿʲôɣҹķ䣿
ȵȿɣȲ裬Լһһݸֵʱ򣬲ŷֱһæѲ£ס֡

ֻĶڶֱס͵ػ
ãûй𣿡ʣᡣ

ûϲˣ֪Ϊʲôʱ֣ȴܸͬһҲݺݾһᣬŵ㣬ˣֵá

ǲֵá
ֻΪŮ֮ϰѳֲס֮ĸѡ
ȴû뵽񶾣Ҫںã
ݺݱۣöûͷ
¶йأֻܲԼû£ۣܽ

ܽϳ󣬱ʾ֣ƽСһϵ˿Ժſڵһ˵վɿûȥһҲҺεɫˤڵϣ̧ߵ֣ƽѺŵС˸ǰ

ܽСûʣɫһ䣬æȰ㿴

Ȼܽû
ֻܽվǰһ˲Ȼ֣ƽ˹

СѾ֣ƽһ٣ҲͱһѣܽǯסҶֻͰ͵ܴүСİɣСʲôûСԭҲûʲô

ܽûֻԴ۾СһΪȻ̧һֻ֡
סС˵Ĳ˶ûӦ֮ǰ͵һת⡣
ҹֻһİ͡Ȼɿ֣С˱ĵ˵ϡ

ڵϣһĻʱ͵Ųһ󲽣ݶ㡭ʲô

˵ˣ֣ƽŴ죬һûع

ܽĬһ˲֣תӸ¿Ǵӵ䣺˶ǼҵŮ죿

ͬ⣬ٲҳĬˡ
Ҳ˲ϻش𣬿ڵһСˣµ˶ڷ㡭ʲôҿǳɹĶүҡһʲôûأ㡭㲻

ܽǰһ󲽣һΣ˶ǼҵŮ죿

ָоشһ˲ûľһ
ٲţæңҴ磬֣˶ŴɩģɩҲҪ͵ɩôҪЮɩѣûԴɩʲô

Ȼ֡
֮УҲ֮⡣
ܽʣҼʲô

ҳϡ
ڱΣһ̣ԷתţȻ뵽Ϊ⣬ܽԼܼҲƽʲôĴ𰸡ҰĽС㣡ԴȥСһ棬ܼԸ⣬ȢΪޣҵޣ
ãѾĳˣ̷̬ܽȻõ㡣

ȴû뵽⻰һܽԭٶʼģ˿̾һʱҲȲˡ
һ嵽ǰֺõЦ£̧ţݺһ¶м䡣һ̣ûʱսľһ£ֱӰ˶˹ȥ

֣ƽȴûסŵþһ
ʶʲôæס졣

ܽջؽţ俴۵ڵϵԸ֣ƽһͻҡ

ǡ֣ƽ£һ˲æӦ£ʣҪʲô𣿡

ܽá
С
Ҳ˵Ǻʱ򣬱ȻҲ֡
ʱȽǹҧˡ
£䣬°ڣϻָ˿º̧ͣȥ

ʳ𣿡Ÿһͼ˿ڡ

ܽû˶㣬֪˳ǣ͵պԴҪЮ㡣

Ĳʲôʮ£Ǳˡ
ȻҧֻޣԼܺݺʰһ٣

ܽģа취

Щţ
᲻ֵ֣ǳɹδļ̳ˣܽһٲʲôҪʲôص£ֻ¾Ϊͳɹ׷

ܽǺƽģҲģֻҪʱѡ

㣬Ŵ硣ͻȻڵ

һۣ˵ͷ
ǣĵֻ֪ܵˣο˵Ҫġ

ܽȴֱӵ㣬ȥһ£л뵥˵

ֱסˡ

Ҳһºֻɫֿܽ¶Ȳ֨

ȻƬ̣û֮ʲôȥ룬ΪǸոߣܽȽ˻Ҫ˵ʲô¡
˿̴ѾһƬңûȥ˵£Ϊʲô֪ܽ

ȥܽԹȥŹˡ




77.   77    Ҫˣٸҡ

77
¶˯, ֻܽˡ

ոһֹȥĵĴ˿̺ˣܽովֱӰϳȥ, ϰµš֣ȴܽով, ֵĻε, ּα˻ȥ

ŵ˰ɣܽȴƳĬ
˵ǰһ, վǰ, ԥ£׽ס֡

ץš
Щŵˣܽüʱ, û̫Ӱ졣
ãûãˡ

ץסֵʱ, ֻܽбܵķŭ͵ġոһŷ, Ժٲҵʱ˷ŭ͵, һӵĺ¡
ûֻЩ
ܽȥ
Բ𡣡ק, Ϊ£ϵЩ𣬵ȥ, ҸҲȭŵѾߡ

ܽؿ, 俴飬ȴܸоں󱳵ڷϸ, ҲΪҹķ䣬ΣҲں¡
ʲôµֲ
£Ҫʲôɣ
һ룬ͺոǶӵЦڶƵãĵһƬ񺮣æֱ̧סܽôţͺ˲䰲
˵ʲôأңл㻹Բˡ˵ţܽʾ⣬Ѿ߾ͲˣҺٳԺ󲻻ˡ

һһһأ
еһĺ
Ѿߵȷע⣬ȰʱԺ𲻻һʱ򣬰ȥˡȵȢŵʱٰ˷ŵߡţܽ⣬ûٶ˵
ֻһ⣺˵ҪģһΣȴЩûס

δ֮ԡ
Ȼܽʱϵˡ
һֳֻܽؿڣŬ̧ͷܽԼ˼ģ

ܽɫȻã𿴹ԻЩ
ǰһŽƽհܹ࣬ŵСһ̣ȴӦԼ˼˵㣬ȥһͶģԸ⣬Ȣޡ

ôܣҲû͵˭ϲҹŮԷģϲҪ֮֮˼г˽涼Ӧõġ

˭ϲҹŮԷģ
⻰ܽжʱһ͡
䲻ҹȴǴҹԷ
ϲҪ֮֮˼г˽涼Ӧá
ȴ޷гǲ˽ˣһǲϲ
ܽԼĿںһ

ͻȻĳĬعζ
ƺҲЩʶ˵ˡ
磬㲻һæЦޱֺõ֪ϲңϲ˳ܽؿڵ֣Ϊֻֽסֹ׽ңʵҲ׽㣬⡭Ҳϲ
˵űͷȥܽ顣
֪ܽϲӦñϲСܶɣϲעֻԺŮ֮һΨһֻýȢֻǡֻͨŮӵԸһͨˣֻб˴ˣƽƽһС
ԸעǲʵˣΪмҲΪϲԸȡ󡣵ԸԸϾǲһġ
ֻܴҪߡ

ܽͷϲŮͷǰһ˫Сֽ
ϲˣûˣ˵Ҳϲ׽
ܽ鼤ֻⱲӶûôֹٲΪԼȥ̣ǷԼϲ˫ãȻĿ£ͷȥ
һڵӶʽǣǵü棬һһ߱ܵĽĹﱧֵһǽϣִŵ´ȥĴȺ࣬Ȼһһϣ߿ʼ仯ʶʲôʱֻ˲̣ܵľɿ֡
ֶɿһˣ֪뵽ʲôûɿ᲻ץһѡ

ţ
ǵļ͸ٲܽʲôֻĶһ˲ֹͣˡ

˶佩ܽ˿ЩֻǱǼⰤűǼ⣬˴ܸܵԷôˣûɿȴһĨЦ

󡭡㻹أ˵

ܽȴ⣺֪ġ
һҲûʲôҪ
֪ȴϲ𣬱֪ϲһ٣
һ֪áôţٴεͷȥɿٴϣǵʱһתҸǰ档

ʶܽʲôˣææֹκһ
ץסʱ鼱֮ܵһֱҧܽĴ

ΪʹܽڷŹ

һۿϵѪҲоеѪζ˲ЩˣæһѰ֣ܽ˫ֻǰ

СˣȴĹģܽ̿Ĩ˴ѪЦôˣ㲻˵׽ҵ׽ˣôˣ

˭׽ˣ
ĬỊ̆ȴ˿¶Уô֪Ҳ֪

Ϊʲôܽ⣬֪ġ

Ǿ͵ȵһ˵Ҳ֪ᣬҲ뱻ᣬȻʵܽ࣬ĵλ޿ȡ

ȻھʲôȻԸ⣬ܽҲû֡ѾͨʵҲʲô͵ȵһ˵ҲС
áǾ㡣ܽ˵֣֮ң

æһ˫ְԼøˣС̫ˣٲȥġ߰ɣˣҪЪˡ

ܽ治ߡ
ʲôҲ
ȻС
𲻽£ù۹⡣
һ˿²£ʡ

£¶ء治£Դ֣ܽһ㶼ˡ

һѾȥˣʲôá
ãˣܽ˵ٴȥҪˣٸұһ¡

뽲ֶܽţ뻹סˣֻԸȴûɿߵǰͷٰܽؿڣȻ󲻵ܽӦ˿
ˣ

ʲôɫħ
棬ϲҲû̶ֳȡ
ðɣʵҪʵʵٻζһǴС
ܽڨڨת˳ȥ

֡
굽ѾаʱˣЩǰҲЩʱ˫ֻǰһɿһ׹ǵĸоŸոշʲô㡣
յͨ죬ʲô˲룬ת˴

סϷڳٶ۵ķӦܽ˵ʲôûҪ˲һߵĴƣ˵ҳҪ˵ʲô

ƺһҲû룬ãȻһҡͷ֪С֪ȥʣ

ˡ˵ü




78.   78    쾹Ҫͷá

78
Ǵɻ󲻽˯, Ȼû֮ʲôȥ룬Ҳĥ˺ð죬Ժ˯ʱѾʱˡ
ʱ˯, ڶӦҪ˯ģڶһƽ, ֣ܽƽǰ̨һҹ, , ⶼûˡ
˵ʲô, ĵطǰһҹˣҪȻôϢ

Ҳò˼, ҹ˯øЩ˳žͿԼҴү֣ƽСǰ, ˸Ƶһһҿſ, ô˯㡣
¶ǧȷ
ǵģʱ˿ſ˯, ҶѾˣ˲뿪, ˵ŻȴЩƮΪʵ̫ˣԼҴүΪʲô

ǰΪʲô
벻, , Ѿÿˡ
ÿˣܽӦҲÿ𣿵ãҲӦſһҹŰ, ϵܲһΡ

ƵԹߣȷӦȻúܲܣ̽С㣬˵ǴүϲС˰ɣ˵˿СƯҲϲǴүѾͨˣ֪Ů˵ĺãԾ̲סϲС㡣С㣬𣿡

أЩˡ

Ƶźʱ䳤ˣȻ̫ͻȻˣһ۾Ϳˡæū澾Ϲ£ӦòģүǰС㵱ÿء

ҪǵÿǾ͸ˡ
׽أҲ˽䣬ô֣ƽſڣ
˵ϲãҲš
ôأûΪݼڰõãϾҲã֪ͨŮ˵ĺãҲøɳ¡
οڼѣҪ˵ϲãܾңⲻǳ֮Σǿĵܹܵ£ˡ

ˣ֣ܽƽѾǰһسˣںһôիʱǹֱޱȵˣã˵ʲôǲʲôҪ£֣ƽſһģ

ʲôޱȡ
ܽȻſһ
Ϊʲô
㣬˵𣿡ɴۡ

ȫǲ֪ģɻˣİۿġ㲻֪ԭ˵ʲô

˵ĻģԾԲõ֪
İȻֻͬʱճȭָ⣬ʹԼʧ̬¶ڡ
Ҳû˵ʲô˵ǲģȴ˵ʲôңҪȢңʲô뷨˵Ҳţκˣֵȴˡ

ôܣϲ˵ģѹƨΪ˴˿ͷԹ޲ѵ֣ǻˣҲ֪δģСһһݣζ׷Źǣ

ʵģܽһͨŪøûΪܽһץһҲ֪ǲãǴʹܣ·ӡ
Ӧòǰɣ˵ſڣ᲻»ͷٶʣæ

ңնԼҵܵܵڷԭ´ô꣬ΪⵥһЩô룬ԲŲߡ
ܵܰ
ΪԲġϾѾ˴¶ܽһҪԴˡ̫Щ֪һ룬ֲǸ˵ӣץˣﻹһΣ˵žΪܽǳ˵Ѿȥ̲ʱˣС˵ҲͦϲȴһֱΪӣԼֲ֪ȡҪȵʲôʱ򰡣һֱȢʵϱ

ܽ
Ҫǲ˵̷ֱ࣬ѵܽ˶ô˵УֻΥĵĵͷЩģѾˣȥֻСüˡôСһʱûײ˵ˣҲûŹܼ¡

üðĸȥȰģһ뵽˶ͬ룬һʱ̵ȥǸ治ԸʱȥǸǰֺԡ
ٵȶӿɣ̾

ڲپܽſһҹ£˿ȴ룬ǲܽ˵УҪճҲעС



ɹңȴǵڶһ磬мſڷ˻ԲȴѾ˸յԼѾ͸͸Сˡ

˲ˡ
ϳɹϵõĹѫ˵ʹҲвˣĺպսɲЦЩΪӹֻûڹٳո¶ͷǣɹϴǰ࣬ھǸ˵ģȴδй

ظ𾪲ѣ򣬷ǴԶ֮ѾˣǾŭӣҪɱôˡ

ϳɹҲˣҲоŭ֮ɫһʱȴǣ֪ûиаŮ¡ǸָҪû£˭ô
ǵģ϶Ǳ
Ҳҵģֻġ
ϾҪңģӦ֡

ֵõϢʱЩȴȫ棬ڸϹ·Ѿ˿ȫܵԺӺ붼ûͶϳɹܽܽɵģɥĲļˣǴңǷ˶ܣ游ǲھǱҲû֮ˣǵ˶ЦǼث֣װױ۸ģ

ܽȷŭʵ

ֻشϳɹҲʣ˵ܽʲô֤ݣУܽ⣬ôԴΪΣôʲôȥˣ

ϳɹһ࣬һ˲Ļң漴ϣȴѾˡ

˵ǵ׸ʲôϳɹһȣȻӣȴǵճ󷿵Ӷ̫ʧˣ㲻˵ȴˣ˵ǲǣ֣㿼ǺˣϳɹٴοڣЩȥ

ֶУȴˡ
游вǲʵδĳɹҲһӡܵǣΪδػɹ

ȻҲˣ֣ô£˵

´ȴѣֻʵΪұҲ۸˵ҪܽһѵԣԵ֪ȥ˴£Ҳȥˣǡ͵Ժٲ֣ҡҲ
ϳɹɱһ££˵ˡ

ϳɹȷɱˣɱӣɱӵԼɱʲôŭԹ°쾹Ҫͷ




79.   79    ܽ뷨Ҫ

79
ϳɹŮ, ǵճ
ճմȴ׷ͺڷˣûѾʮˡ
ʵϴӾҲû³ɹ, Ϊʱһˮӵһֱ, 꿿ҩŲά, Ҳֻʮ, ˾ûˡ
Ǹ˸С, ΪӵԭСҲ
󷿵ӽԲãٿճȻŭһܽ˵, ϳɹ̾˿ʵΪףʵҲͿ˵ճӵĲ, ѡ
, ѡҪΪˡ
Ͼ, СӺ޹޵Ů޹, û˵Ȩ˺޹
ľλһһǹӲģҲΪ᲻þλ䣬ͲЩ޹ˣҪһܻס˵ļһ, 㲻Ѫ, Ҳϣ

ϳɹԶﳹʧ´Ҫкúܽεˣȴ˿, ֻȥ̫ҽɣΣʵβãԺʹӴֵĺй̸ɣ

ӶԼĹ⣬û
Ҳ뵽Ѧĺӣиֳɵˡ

ֵǲԸ⣬ǵճպҪ̳оλģĶô̸ܹ
ϳɹһɨһֶġ

֣ȥ٣˵أҪڼҺúʵϳɹָʧΪһүȴδӰˣоԾЩԺﷴʡʲôʱ֪Լˣʲôʱ

æ游

ҲԸ⣺¶д

ұ죡ҪǿҲһˣϳɹֱ붯ָ֣ɳֻ£ΪûΣ¶ôˣ

ȭͷû
ȻȻԸûȫϳɹȫԴ£ܷ

ܼǱߣȻʲôû˵Ǿ͵֪¶ôˣϳɹôȴҲڰաʧ׹⣬úһӳ˷ˣȴֻظҲͨˣôܲա
ûãǵ˼ҡ

øոתѣԭָżֻعģ⻰ʱȥˡ

ϳɹһۣʲôû˵
鰲ȥˣֽԼϹ¶Ǳߣһʱͷǧһڸţﵽ˸һССԺ䡣ԺסعѵĶϱСӣΪûˣϱҪعҪӣ޲Ը̬ȼĴСᵽѾмûСˣϳɹԥ£̧˽ȥ
һ·ʾ˱Ūϳɹߵﴦ

ȻͿƽɫ԰һվվȲģСӣһ˳ǹڳˣĻʲôɫ԰վվȣǷǸɫţһ͵İ꣡
Ǳƭˣ
ϳɹŭƬ̣ȴعЦ



Ѧһ֣Ǻһߡ
̧ͷǰİƵֱܽӷ

ǣ

Ѧףƫͷһʣܽ뷨Ҫ𣿡

æڣҲҹ֪ǰЩȥܴС죬ʵҲȥˣֻ꣬ûǡ

ǡã
ѦЦˣŪ˽³еϢ

û˵
Ϊ֤ܽ⣬Ҳ֤òй¶̫ӵ١¶С˵ǰ²˵һ˿̫̽ٴӶ̫ӣǾ嶼Ӧˡ

Ѧȴû
ĬƬֵ̣ɣ㰲һ£ձǡһ¡
˵̲סЦ£ЦܽеҲЦܷͷʢܽȴƫƫ۹˳ò˵Ȼϰƽǵܽȡˡ
Ҳô˵ܽˣе͵ġ



Ϊ£㲻ڴˡ

ܽҲôģһ֣ƽ뿪Ƭ̣ʱָҹ֣ƽҹļҶһ𣬻˻سǡ

ﻹأ·ϱ㽫ܽеʻ
ôģ

ܽһۣһ٣ͻˡ

⣿
Щ⣬Ҳ֪ҶүǰأܽȷʵҲ̫˵ͷʣʲô̬ȣ

ֿ϶֪ô£Ҳ϶˵ģʱˣǱ߻һϢûУ֤Ҵˡ
ܽʵЩ⣬Ϊֻܳˡ
ԣĪϳɹ˾棿
ܽҽ˴еݣû˵ҸҼƽϡ

֪еֱӽ˸ˣȻе⣬ȴҲȻϾǲһͻǲҶү˲Ӧã
û⣬ֵ֣ƽſһҹΪ𣿡

Ҳǡ
˵ǣΪ°ŵˣȻ֪һΣǺ¡
˵ǣΪˣҲ˵ڶΡ
ۼͣʹɫܽǵͷ

ֺЦ㰡ͿԵĲᣬո㲻˵Ѿ𣿻еݣģҲûǸͰ

ֿܽһȻһ׹ģŶǡ

ɵܵܣ
ε˵ڽԼϣھͻؼңĸ͵ܻһҡǱߣ᲻Ҳң

£ܽһֱĶü򵥴ֱ˷ҵķӦ⣬ҲͻȻ뵽һְ취£ʱ䣬ȥһϳɹ

λ游ûӴ΢΢Ⱥȴûʲô
ΪҲֻ֪ܵһļңһ룬ϳɹء

ûˣܽüãЩ۾ƺЩԡ

ţתͷ

ճ׷µģܽһ˵һָ߸
֪ܽǹģҲް취һ۶ңֻû£ûϢãЩѡ

ˣҲǣ£ô˯áԹû뵽Ӧģȥ˯ɣ㣬Ҳҡ

ܽڵĳӶҪˡ
ո˵ǻȷʵǹģһǲһ밵ʾȥ֪ûüʾأȴȰˣ

Ȼ֪ܽ뷨ܽɵһҲʵŵˣżܽʱ첱Ӵ֣ؿˡ˺»ظٸܽӴæӦ˲˵㣬ҶЩӰɣ

Ǻ£æǺðͰᵽǱ߶סЩӡ

ãЦӦˡ

ܽס
ʲôʯͷԼĽ




80.   80    Ǹ޻

80
ܽô, Ǻ˿
ظһȥϷ˴Ѿ֪СʵݣϷϵͬʱ, ŰҲˣֻ߸, ˰뿪ˡ

ҹ, ˾˵

Ϸôͻ, Ȱ, ֱǸӣҰ㲻ƽϻǸֳŵѦĺӽ, Щȥɣ

ȻѾ֪Ϸ˵̬ȣŸʹ, Ծֹסܡʹͷ, ȥ飬һ, ôĸҲܾȥ, ҪӡǼҪںң϶ᾡҵġ

ܽҲûֲʵʶȥѱǼ, Ҳ벻, ڸҸ㶯֣
˵һ

Ϸ˶һϸһ, ȴò˵мֵ
ǾٵȵȣǼӣ



뿪򷢴¶ȥʰ׼ᵽǣȥ˰á

ȴû뵽ĬĶˣܵҪ˵
֪СݵģʱȰƽ¶ǨŭҲʧȥ˹ܼȨϽϣԾվڵµƸߵ㣬ܵʵˣҪ˵Ҫֱ׳

Ҳ֪£͵Ŷأ׼һӻҪػ
ǲ£֪Ůûִ֪˿ܵòźãҲûŮϾִˣƽϷ˻𣬵ܽܣȴš
ֻûüڻػͻˡ

ν˼ۺ죬ܵ¾Ͱ𵱳ˣһţһ´վָã

ܵѾûסֱӷ˻֪ʲô
վסţûֻܵصĸһ񣬽ˣ

۷綼ûֻ᲻غǳܵ񡣡

ߣ֣ܵתͷϣΪС˼ֱģĸˣûжҶһʱ֪

ʱ廰ΪȴԽ㶯֣ڱ˼ңɩ㲻˵ҿɲ

Ҫʲô˵ڽϿǰߵǰΪöԽ㶯֣ڱ˼ңģʲôԭ𣿾㲻ʣҴ˶㣬ȴֶûңҲòµ¶㶼ǾöԵģҪ˵ҪҰѴҲ˵һ𣿡

˵Ȼʹԭˣ֪ԭŮǺĵճС㣬ʲô˵ѾҪֳС£㽭еƿҲûʸŮ֣
вң۾һУֻĿ

𵭵ˣҡֻڻشĻҪ˵ܵ÷ֱԴȻ̸ġ

ûֻԽϵɩҲ˼

ϵͷ

һѻӵϲյһġžҲվ
û뵽ĸŮȻĵӣ
ҧϣС

ͺһСôˣүСýǸСвү͵һŹ

ƽ±˵ñӣڳ˳ܵ
˲ҴСݵõͷڷˡ
⻰˵꣬ɫ࣬ȴٲС

ϵʱˣҪû£ͻذɣҪЪˡ

˺޵Ľҧһ˫۶ݺݵŽϣȻֵ𡣿գȴֻת̫ŲЩӲȥ
ôģ
ûǰټİƽҡϵȨ͵λ˵һظ¶֪ļ⣬˭һָͷ
ǻܽһҪңǸľĺǺδļ̳ˡ
أ
ĵˣǱƿ˼ҺݺݵĴ
ܽˣͨڳҪ̳к̬ĺûлˣ
ʧȥ˹ܼȨѹһͷ˵Ůסˣ
˺޵ͷڵѪһߣһ˿ɫһͷԽԽѹסԭһӲ˵£ҪĿڣ˼

ܵûֻعĴС
˲֪ûֻعˣó˹ȥԼ֡

֪ӣأһ̧ӭȥ

ȴ˶죬ܽ͸ϵȭŹѾߣһǰһһ߬ס֣ܵһ󣬾Ͱܵɫɷף亹

ŵͶСȥ

µĸŮ뿪Ҳ򷢳ȥϲĴ˷

Щëǰʲôأ

Ů֣οŮˡ²Ųæоݣ㶼£˵ƿԡ
ò˵Щ𾪣ǽ
ŮôġŮʵӦ̫ˣԱ

ûԼոһΪжֻΪ

ЦЦû˵ģֻôͻȻˣ

Ҳû˵£ֻ˵ڴסϰߣĩ˵Ҫȥ¡

Ȼû
һȻհƽͣЩ˭֪պֻᷢ񾭣ϲŮΪסýһʱ֪вҲ
Ϊָɵ£ҲЩģóŻᣬʵȻֵˣҲк˵ġɱΪһˣӶ˶˲˵;ˡ

ûⷽˣ˳룬ǵģȷʵкˡЩŹĹӸ磬ӦûһǺãҲòȥ
ܽȷʵáôãʵϾǶδӲˡ
ôţ¶ƲˣҲֻһѡ

һֱͽ²˺󣬻ᱻŵĸе˼ô˵̵ǰŴ󻧵ĹӸ磬ĸͨһѡˣǸ޻檣Ӷù

ǰܽһֱϷŹԺӽţҲѹ
ˣ֪Ȼ
ͷһᣬᶼææ˽ϻС£ҺСд˵Ụǵģ

ֻΪڵŰƽʵĿҲ֪ˣԥ£Ů̫ѹһ뿪޺Ϳʼıʱܽһ֮˵п뿪

˵ģʡ

ϺЦͷʵһֱıֻС¶ʱãҪʱЩ
ҲЩ⻰û˵




81.   81    ڽţĴ

81
ǳˡ
ƽϲ, ʱԽԽŹ֣㽭ϲ˵Ҳ֪Ͱƽദʱ˲ίСѾ¶, ƽô±˵ñӣȻʵûд, ɫ۹⿴, ϶ǨŭС
ܽ, СҲòȥ
뿪Ͳһ, ܽȻܺƤҪЩǮ̳˺Ȩ, 뻤С׾١С뿪ܼңǮ, Ӳ֪
, ϶еģǺúıı, ϶ܴС뿪ģֱܼ޲ھȥܽȻҪܹܺ, ţܽ϶
϶У϶ǣ

ûôܽ, ϾܽȹС, ôƶ˵϶УҲɢһţż, 

ôأӦÿŶԡ
Ҫ޳ȥܽϴӦޱˣȴ԰ٳףֻ߿Ƚŵһʱ䡣ƿش㹻ĻȨֻ檣ûлżˣ֪ܽĺԺ
ð죬СҪ뿪ȴܽ
ǵģӶУõóѹƽ
̫ˣ
һ¶͸¶磬ûʲôý顣ҾòǺ뻹Ǳݣ¶Щѣǲ뿪ķӡ˼ŵ

ʵϽ뿪
Ϊֻ뿪Слƾ٣СǷĺӣûɵ¶Сɣο֮顣ʵû취뷨뿪ҲУȻܶƾ٣ֵ˵㣬ܲںѹСܼҵĹȴܼҹݣǲˣǰƽ¾Ͳ̫á
ãҲУҲɣֻҪ뿪ҧϹϵĵ漴ȴЩģһҪ޵˼ԶһЩȻºүǨŭ㡣

ȴһҲģܽء
ֻǺүһ˲ҵҲʲô¡
ȴô˵Цģ˴磬дء˻ңûµģҾ˵һܲܽҼ޵ԶЩҲ̫ԶˣȻԺȥס

ϱδˣ̲סЦû¶ԺȥģҺС͸ȥĶ㲻Զĵط仧ҴСЩҲˣȥҲ⻤ˡ

ֻҪС˳뿪ô˵
۽˵ʲôڴӦ
뿪˰ȥܽȴû뵽˿գܽڻû
ֻȥԷɵǺֱֵ֣һãȻ



̲ܽæϸĻ󣬱ȥκҡ
游ĸˣ㰲κҾ˾ˣκҾ˾˻ظ˵ⲢɹκҾ˾˵ͷӦһæŸǰһ̻صҡ

Ѿôˣûȥ
Ȼһ뵽Է˼Ъˡ֪£ѾӦҲ˵ܲھͷڡ

ԭǴ͵͵ܽģ¶˼Σδζ˵ܽûأʱһȥҹѾˣסߣʵڲٳš
գ磬ôתûŴ¶ܽȥˡ

ҪæˣЩϰѾγɱѸĵÿȭܽǿӲĶˣϵĻףڴȭⱾǿĺ£˱㱣ˡ
ʱܽմһӵȭ
챾ȣ֮ǰɱ𿴵û¾Σ˺ɫһӵĹʪ͸ϡʱ䲻࣬ÿնֻʱȭŸոһӣûʪ͸ȭ

һ·ͨĽţ֣ƽѣվܽ
ԺǴȭûñͷЩʱѾð˶̶һ磬ȭʱˮƮһͷ϶մ˺ƵġͿüĿüãʪ͸ϣ̶һͷմź飬ȫעԼ罫ȭĻҰԡ

֪úãҲãһֱû롣ɴ˿̣֪ǲŴЩޡȥ˼ٿͷݺһ¶ߵͨ졣ٿæתͷȴС

ССˣŴϴǰ˲ֹһΣ֪ǲΪܵܽ۰˾Ͷ㶼һӽģģҲȴǰÿࡣ
Ǻ޾һӾסˣϵЦˣ·ҲŤˣСһǰһ񣺡С㡣

ǰһ
˵ڻǺıС㣬СܽͨѾߣʵ߹˶١ο֪СһܽŮ֮һСΪһܽŮˣͨպ϶̧Ϊ
㿴ܽϲСΪһŮˣλ϶Ҳǲһġ
˵棬ûֻ̫Сﲻ˶񡣡

ӦöģԺһַء
Сô룬ԽСҪȥүǣūȥͨһɣ
Ȼͨĵλʵûźү⣬кôˣ֣ƽ˵պүһǮҸ£СһֱͨݵĸһڱǰǰȴңΪѾʵܽϲҪΪݵ̫̫ãܽìܣ͵ùˣ

Сô˵ոջЩʱˡ
ʲôأһͰ͹СˣƫСҪǣߴţ⡭С֣ܺƽһ֪֮ܽ£Ӷãȴһʱܲˡ
ȻСֻͨѾߣϾһܽ
ԣƻ˼Ҹĵߣ꾫Ƶģ
áҡͻȻ£ˣʵûٴŤͷܡ

ȴ߶ѾӰ쵽ܽͣ´ȭ˹ˣ°ɣߣ˵ȥ

С㣬ū澷С±Ǩŭæȵķ

ôͨһܽע£С£ŽϷ

СɫͽϷתߡ

֣ƽһ֣ûɫҲȥ

ֻʣˣܽͷԼûԼﲻԣ˾͸ˣһʲôôô죿

Ѿ߷ߵĺ޲ضˣܽһʣͻȻ⣬æ߷ߵҲҿܽûСҡҾ̫ˣ˵ģ

˵죿
ļٵİ
Ϊ˶㿪ңȥ˴סء
ܽﻳɣʵĺţ˵ĻҲĽã˱ֻˡǰһ΢΢°ͣЦ۾ԴϷʣ棿żôңĪһղң𣿡

ѹûܽ˵ʲô
ֻ֪ܽܽ°ͣǶõʱˡ
ҲССǰ˰벽һקֱۣܽһִܽļȻڽţĴȥ




82.   82    𡭡ãȰ¡

82
˲ǵһ׽, ȴһ
˵۵ĴԼĴϢ䶼ϵ㣬˼ȫʱ, ܽǺһסȻ, ס
ӯӯһ, Ϊ, 𽥼ǡ

ǰֻǹ˳, ҲȫЭȡ󣬶Ǵܽϵȭ۾׾ĿʼӦ
˵ĴҲ, ϢȴҡʱʱУʱӦʱֻ˳һ𽥼ʱ䳤, Щ, ỹǼУǰΪΪ, ᲻𾢶ȥӦˡ

ܽȴˡ
Ѿ㹻ˣ
鱾˻Ÿõģͷһ, ܽȣҲȣһǣԼЩ, ý˷ſڻ, һߵĽʱԸϣûɿ
𡣡, ֡

糯ϼĻ̡
̧ͷȥܽ

𣿡ֽܽһ

ͷ͵͡š

̧ͷܽ

𲻿ϣû֨

𣿡
̧ͷҡܽ䷳

ЩԾԼĵ죬ʵһ˶㿪˲ܽôУʱȥӣ￴ԼЩԼ

ôѾڻģܽᣬûȥӲ̧°֣ͣϲ᲻һơ
𣡡

һ죬һҲۡ
Ķ̫̫̫аʾԣһ𾪵ı̧ͷ˹ȥ

ܽͷɿ£Цϲ𣿡

ϲʲô
ϲǰڵֻߡֻǸոյ
ļѪﲻĬĬ룬ܽôᣬС̵һҪһֱôô߳

ܽϲߣûֻкߣ֤ϲҲϲôĴȻͷһƫϣͨˣЦϲǲǣ

Ҳǣ
ۣĵǣ
ˣǰڴܽûס½Աȥ֣ܽҵֱӴԼǰȻԼ£һԥܽϣĦ

һſԼϲҪĵضСһĦȣȴһǱܵľӡ
Ӳˣġ
ľƣܲˣҲӲ

֮ͻȻ˸ĲҶˣȴˡҲܽסûܽȣûԹҲûܣʶȴ֪ǽأһҧ̧־ͳǴ˹ȥ
ģȴһ̵ġ

ͬʱͷҲһֻҵʲôأ

ԾɴͷۣҲᷢŲ㡢˵أ

֪ܽԼʲôɵһ㡢ҡУǡ𣬲УڻУ

ܽľܾ⣬ܽĵȣɻʣ㲻ϲ

ôܲϲ
Ȼûо֪϶ϲرϲ
Ժģ𼱣ԡ

ΪʲôҪԺ󣿴磬ҲԺҾڡֱӴܽƽ˵ܽĻ

𣡡ܽճȭס𲻶֣ҧ֪ڸʲô

Ѿȥˣֻܽһ£ǵǰһżѾʲô˲ϣֻžʹʱ˿̴˵أҪԼܽ
ˣٿһޣ̰ޡˡ
ֱŶˣһЭģãҲˡ֣Ūˡ

ô˵ܽ˿ȴĪЩʧ
ɿ֣Ȼȴٽ⿪Լѣգ۾ͽϴɫǶԼŮѾ԰˵ʱ͹˲ʧˣΪǼһȣ˲Ѫ쮳ˡ

ȻһأֻǸûµĹңѹû뵽ܽѪΪһ˲æŵôˣﲻ֣ƽ֣ƽ󡭡

ã˲ϴѪ֣ƽôܽæȿ˿ڡȻ˱һͷŽѣǶڲסǴֱٲߣһҪˡ𡭡ãȰѴãû֪ö˵仰

ܽѪˣ֪ʲôԭֻŵȻûԵ˼ˡӦһæѴãŴȥЩʣĲ𣿡

Ůգۼ룬һϹģպۼûܽٲСˣһ޹£űŴ󵨵ġ
òƽЩܽá

㶼ѪˣӦﲻŶԣд򿴿ʲôôã浣ܽΪܵܣȫҪܽ
ȻԼҲϣܽ¡

Ҫ֪ʲôˣܽҪΪǹˣһ۶ǵģȷʵڶܽЩոŵˣ˵ʵ飬ֻû£ҾЩϻ𣬻ͷ֣ƽյջȺȾͺá

ŷŵĵͷ
ǵһμϻϵôأ׵ľѪֻǿ׶ҪǴǳɫѣֻǰһƬˡ
ǣȥҪЩˮ

ǺɫģҸճһҲҪԡżοΪʲôͻȻôôء
ڰʾⲻãܽʣǳʲô㡭ôͻȻ

㲻ϲ𣿡Щ
ʵ⣬Ѿˣܽô˳ƶΪأҪ֪֮ǰ׽ǰҪֹøɵĲøɵĶˡ

ܽʶҡͷ˵ϲ
˲ŷӦæⲻϲϲ⣡

𲻶ˣʲô⣿

ǡݣӦҪǻһ˿ǣֱܽھͰȥ䴲ϣ֪಻ײſסԼûôɣ

Ǹ檣ﻹҪôࣿ
Ȼ뽲Ǿɣ
ǰܽŵֻ֣磬ݣʲôʱܻһһЩòã뾡쵽㣬춼ܿ㡣ҪαװҵδȽҼ޳ȥɣҸطҰֻҪû£ÿ춼ȥңظҲǱңû˻֪Ҳû˻ֹͿ»һˡ
ⷬΪûģ˵ޱֻ˵»޵ʱͷЩɬ΢ͷ뱻ܽ֡

Ը⣿ܽȻȴϲ
һŪȥȻٸݣΪպýȢõķӡֻ᲻ýϺСߴҲûԱûᡣˣ㲻ȥ˳ɻһÿնܵٲñܼʲô͸˵Ĳ֪Ǻˡ

ţԸ⣡붼û룬ЩС

ܽЦЩΣЩԵá
ǵöϲز
ãҾš

¶ôˣΪûԭΪҪģЩܽЦţԥ£磬ôṦӦûʱٴȭ˰ɣ

̧ܽͷɫţʱ䲻ˣʰ¾͵óˡ

Ǵ磬ȥˮźԡɣ

ʲô
ΪǴǰһҵܽأ
ܽĿɿڴʵǿƲסˣûҪҵ

ţãȻ

ܽҲ˲ϱѪûֹסˣ̵ߣΪΪʲôѪΪѣ˵Ҳȥˣ㶵˲佫𣬵ͷأȻȥԡذɣ




83.   83    ޾ּĵճӡ

83
׳嶯, 嶯֮±벻̫࣬ܽ˼ȥ˾һϺһűվԭ, ۵رһ౻ܽײ۵ĵض
ź֣ƽͻȻֻӲš

֣ƽȷܿˡ
ܽ˵ȥԡܴ, ſ, Ȼ̷Ը˽ͱŵˮ̧˽
Ϊ˽ܽ, ֣ƽýֺͷ붼֪ܽ𵥶ദ, Ȼҷɫ¼˽ָֻˮûҿ

۵ۿͨ, û˿˿ȻĬĬűȥˡ

Ƽģ, ¶ȴһ
С, ôˣүʲô𣿡¶֪֮ܽ£ϹӶܿܽ, ⻰ʵĺû

˵
æҡҡͷŵ, ߰ɣ

ô£Сôˣ
һԸģˣ¶Ȼû˵, ߵʱ, ȴβźۼĴǣͷĴ̺죬Ĳ, Ǳ׹һ
׹
¶һ򣬲һˤˡ
鼱֮˲Լ̱ס

һֱ۴ǰûԺأ۵áһУȻһƿ¶৵ˡ

¶ɵˣСС㣿

ǰԺˣûˣҲûˣٹ˲Ϻ߶֮æסؿڣС¡û£߰ɡȴСϡ

¶ȴѾɵˡ
ԼСʹү˻ᣬ⸱ģҪ˵ûүˣţɡɴүôܸɳ°ԼСϵãһһҪңֹˮĿŮɫˣôܡô޵£
ڴ¶УܽѾˡ
˿ˮ첽ǰۻˣ´˿ϣֱʣֻߵ룬ҪҪ˽͵͵С״أС

ȴûܽ
˵ײĲңµģҪҲֻܹԼʮֺڣڵİղѣȫûע⵽ԼѾˡ



ܽԡһµģĴ̼ʵ̫ѵõԡͰϴһϴһղţǸоõǣԼףֻ̲סأÿһļ£ϴϴž͵
Ҫ֣ƽѽ̲ҪǸӣǰȥ֤ݽõٶϴһӡ
ûܷй߳ʱҲ鼫á

ͬȥ¥Էȴ϶¥¥ϱһС̫ײС̫ź̫ӵѦӵʱˡֻĸǣүģ֪һԽһֱŵ̫ӵ£͵ǰ

ƹѲ涢ҵ֣ƽš

ܽ˽ǰ뿪
һţƼѦڵ᷿űƿһǰһȥ˲˵С

үʲôɹȥ֣ƽʡ

Ǵĺ̫ӵˣ̫ˣԼ̲һϲ̨СܹӽĻἸΪ㡣˽ûɣȥ̫ӵ£Ҳǿżɽ˵Чҡ˵ͶûУƽүݣһԸЧң̫ӵ¶ûˡ



ܽôţѦӵ᷿Ȼһȣ뷨죬ûüȥ¶ǷΣ˾Ѿ߿᷿ţ˽ȥ

֣ܽƽڷԭʮ겻ǰ״ģ֣ƽ书ҪһЩѦߵͨǿȴһǰ㡣˽ȥûҪʮأͰѦӵݵ̿£Ϊڣһ˱ж˰ӣһ˱ж°ͣ뱻ŹѦǰֱӡ

ѦǰվһС̫Ա̬š
ֱѦ̧˰ڣŸ˿

ѦԶţողûд¼
֣ܽƽĿȴ͡ݴ̿͵ȻȲİѾͨ书õˡûҪʮغϾͱ֣ܽƽˣѦ룬¾İܽҲǿ̫ࡣ
ðƽĴүֻδЩϧˡ֣Ǹõģǻܵáԭȵ̽Ѧķ񶨣Цһ֣żɽǶҵˣ˰ɣ

ֱܽʱžɲ̫ӵ³Ը̿ͣƫƫײˣҲδ̫ˡ̫ӵֱ˵ʵ飬Ҫʲô
ܽ˴𰸡
һ̧֣ŵ°Ϻãһ˺һ񣺡μ̫ӵ¡ǵģȻǰƽĵճӣһŽ̲СѦǰֻǲ

֣ƽҲϽѰŵ˰ӹλͬ¡

ܽѦӵ֣ܽЦɣ



ӴѦӣܽ̾ö⡣
ʵûѡӺӵ£ֳ̫ĴʵƫѦӵġټǰκҾ˾˰æûбܾļ棬޷ǾǸЧҵĻˡ

˰ƽڴյ糯ϣʹѦӿԼҶżȻȼ̫ӣ̫ӵ֪úճ̲֪Сϧ֮ģʥ˽ԼҶӸ

֮ʥ˳ʣܰ䣬޼ǵƺûӣճӣкβ֮֮λ𣿡

ȷʵǣТ׵Ҫһ㣡
ƽ˵£ӣܽΨһһ֫ȫոǿҡһ̫ĶӣƽȻܽõĲӻӵΪҪǲ֮λܽʮûŮеλֻܴˣֻҡͷ
ʥϣˡƽȮ٣ոǿТ㩣ǳΨһѡֻκȮһҪң⣬ڹС־ᣬһʱóȻ⡣

£ʥ˿Ѧӡ

ѦӹΪƽˣڶֻܽû˼

ʥ˵ͷƬ̣ǺһԸˣܰ䣬޾ּĵճܽΪƽӰɣ

ƽô죿
ǳ֮λܽҲֻܳй£ָмлʥϣ

ʥּȰƽһܼңܼҴӵˣ˹ǰԺּʱ˭û뵽ʥּݡʵܽݵʱҲġ

˵ķ
Ĳ
䰴ӣȴϲ̿ܽ

ˣϷǸ˵ģܽһֱӡ󷿽ҲǸ˵ģܽӣ뿪ļʾ͸ˡﻹڹؽûνºȴҧＫȲƽ⡣үϴЦ˳Ŀ˶һۡүҲˣܺ벻ڼңܵ죬ȴɫɷףҪҧŴҪȥˡ

ܽл˶˴ּ̫ࡣ

ʱϷЦǺǵͣˣµǮ

Ƕڻ
Сܹסֱۡ
߲ܽźۼϣҲЦ




84.   84    ̫õģ

84
ƽʥּ, Ĵϲ£ȻҪһء

ͰٰõĻֻСݱ¶, ϺСδϯ

Ϸ˶ԣǲ, , ȻѾ, Ǹһ, ϲӣû˵ʲôȵ֪Ӳ˵ʱü, үôˣ
ּ֮ǰˣ˺úõء

үǼ˶˻طģһɷ, ȫǺ, ҪǶҧ˵ǸϵĲŵҪˡ
ϲ, Ǵүǣʵڲ˵ʵ, ѵˣ

үģ˵ٻϷҲŶ˲ѣǲ˵ĺ

ƲƲ죬ˣô, ǰ˻úõ, ô˵վͷˣĸףͻȻͷ, ɱʲô֢

ϱϱ֮ǵСĦϷȻûܹȴƽգҲ͹ȥˣϲȴƫƫʱ˵Ĳˣﲻ˳˵ĻǸ϶ʹȥ룡

үöĲˣԥ¾͵ͷ
һɴ˵Ļ˲Ҳǲûʲô˵ڵġ

¶һ˵Ҳ͹ˣڳµ˶û⡣

ƽüһٷ˵ˣûĵù̧žߣһһѻסͬҪߵʲôʱң

ЦŸ˵ϵЦʧӰ١

ܽҲͣţתͷޱĿ

һһŮ⸱Լ˵ʲô˵ı飬ƽüļܼӡ

ϷȴǸһĵģҲǰֻءҲǽģңۼϲ£ͱǣȥɣ

ڳɻ鲻µʱͲﻹŮѾڴˣĸı߶ģô˵ǵĻأ
ɫͨ죬ҪСýҪϷ˺ȥˡ

Ϸ˿ģȴΪǻί̾ĸ㣬ʵǽ̫ˣ˰Ҫˣһˣֻ²ҪޣҪ˵ءϷε֮ǰ㲻ϻҪȴӣҲˡ̫ӿڣʥּӲ˵ҪȥǣֻǱ߻ᡭ
ǼͶ̫˰
Ļ˵̫治ϷûҼ

ûϷ˵δ֮ԣֻôŽһƣ𣿡

ܽȴ̾ˡ
һʱ俴ƽͼƽɫϷһģһΪӦ̻ȥ
˲Ϸʧ̬ѵ⣬һĸһȰġ

Ϸ㶣̶οЦã¾ͽˡ
ӲϻˣһϾôܸɣϷ˾ǰûܽ

ƽҲü˵㡣
ùƢǳ˵㣬ѵȴֻģ˭ƫȥ̫ӣҪʲôʹͲУƫҪȥ̫ӵ
ҪǾӣӵã
ѳɶ֣ٶ඼ûˣ⵹ùӻУ֪ԣǿʱ˽¸ģȥ̫ߣеõϢӣҲǺõġ
뵽ЩƽҲٹˣֻԸ֮ܽڣҡѾˣҲ˵Ͼ۸ʵˣֱΪӣȥҲǸ˺ܣԺٲ۸ˣ

⻰˵ģֱܽЦ
кܣû
ûǺˣ
ţ̲סЦˣá

ƽ뵽׶ôģõù֪һ⣬ˡ˵˽ģܽӲȲزס£ĥŵʱ˵ϱֻպȥ̫ߣҪУúð

ǣܽԼࡣ
֣㣬ã߰ɣ
˵Ĵ󷽷ֻ׽δ롣

˲ųٰϷˡ

֣뿴ȴϾ΢Щûİ취ο
ƽ׵Ϸĸ׽ˣˣ˭ѹ

ʵѹ԰ƽûϷҲʧǵ̬Ⱥ˵ڵĻû˵
ֻΪԸȴı䡣
ֵöôףûа취Լ
ʵǽТѹţҪҲȻ˽ǡ
һܵܣΨһһĶõˣ᲻Ϊ˽ǡ
˳ٰԺţѾûᣬһ˿ЦȻһȥɣѾˣһȥպҲ۸ң

㣬Цüֱȿ޻ѿ

ֻܽô˵һ䣬ɫһٴι䡣

İɣæ̫ӵǱߵûգһ磬ҾȥϳɹܽŰҲţ߳ɵİϳɹӦֺ롣һӦ㣬һи취ֻ취ʱЩࡣ

ʲôӣû£ֻҪܺ룬Ҳ¿࣡æ
ǰжϲ֣жģΪĴ˽䣬ΪѦֻҪӶˣ;ޱȶġ
ϲöġ

̬ȣܽ޺֮ǣܼ򵥣˰æ˽լӣסȥʱ˲֪ģ㲻ͬ룬ҲҲû취ֻһغĴС㣬ܾҪȵƼҵʱˣټޡ

ʲôޣҲˡ
ûϵô˰ɣȺ룬Ժ˵ܽģûֱ˵ޡ

ܽȴ֪̫õģΪȲ̫á
Ӧĺܸɴࣺá
˿ϳɹӦãȰȥլӣÿˡһûߣ¸㡣



ٰƽ鼫õĶƣүˣְĿ䵽˶үϣܣȥˣʲô

үü
ʲôʱôϱˣ

ƽûСҲˣʥּΪӣǼҵôһʥģ˽ƳȥܸȨ֮ңҲǺڴϲܸͨɵȴûԲٳֹԶûްͽæ

үЦˣܼҿǴʲ
ԼǳԴ򲻹ܼˣСģҪӶˡ
ûû£ҩͺˣͻȥȥ

үϲϲȥˣȴ
һ˲ֺתˣһ˫۶Ź⣬Ҫܲ£
ǲܵģѾӣȢѵԶ
ٺãϱţҲòˣ

үϻȥʱ򣬶˸յ֪ſڵŸ
ԼʲôԼд򿴣Ҳʲôһӱƣ˭Ҳ˶Ťͷ泯ǽĵ򷢴ߣ

ãūȥźˣ֪飬ûȰ

ôܲ򣿻Ҫģóҩҩžͺúţ伲ҽɲУүĶԻһ˵һѾ˴ţκ˲гҪ죬ŴѾ˵ˣɩûû飬¶ɵÿأ

үȴ棬תͷʣҪʲô᣿

үǺЦͿ˰㣡ΪӣǼҵȻôһ

ܽӣ
ܽˣĺҲûˣ
ֻǰһڣһ˲һѪ˳




85.   85    磬Ҽ޳ȥ󣬡

85
Ѫ¶, ƽ

ȥ˿Ҳȥˡ
ŲϷˣȥЩ, ʱѾЪˡ

Ͷ׺ֵû, ֻ۵, ҩײ˯, СֻĽȥһ, ͱѷˡ

һѶ˵￴˵Ѫ޵۾ˣæͷ

Զûʲô, ǰղŴܵϹ˵ضˣûȥ䡣û, ȥӦֻǿ
ô, ɻǰ죬ǻ״̬ͦõ, ôû¶żĹ, ôͲѪˣ
ѵӦǾ仰ɽ
ܵܺɶûȢأҪǲ̫պеˡ
Ȼϲܵ, ûвϲϣûĵز, οҲΪѹȻûȥﻹϣûµġ

ĳ, ͻȻߴһ͵͵
ֶŮʲôʱģúܸܽо˵ʱĺ

˲ë㣬͵һܿ岽

үϹЦһèĻģϵЦˣֶŮôˣôԶĪ¶ҧˣ

ǰʮȻƶЩȴĸĺܺãƽҲǰƽԽϱһױһףȻ֮ǰڴ»£ܽļʱû̫дڣ϶ЦĶү֪Ķʲô
үĳŮܵǱһ꣡
ǶүֶŮүΪһôܡ
Ǹ޲Ķ
ǽŲųҵſȥûүĻֻ룬ԺҪúöŶүˡȻܲʲôҪϻ䵥ǾͲ˵ˡ

үȷʵҡʲôڶ˵ķ
ֻ£ոպȲıӣһ濴Цһǳǳһڡ

ĵĲ³
һתͷҪȥ

ǡʱˣɻü˲ŵʣôˣ

үأҵĳƾ޾ݵģҲ˵ʲô
ҡҡͷʣ𣿡

Ҳҡͷ֪
ĻſүʱүĶҲһƬݣ㰲ο壬̫ģ϶ûµġ

үѾڳһĳģͷû£ȥɣһźݿһȥοο

Ȼûоܾĵ

ȴٲڶˣһ·Сŵܽ

ܽϵΪӵʥּȻΪˣԿ϶ףصġֶֻˣһƵϴģǱͳԤˡæסʣôˣ

Щ˵ܽʵҲһ
ǲ˵ģ֪Ϊʲôܽһʣѿھ͵磬үү̫ˣ

ܽԶ˽⣬үŮɫظ¶֪Ҳܱ⡣
ʲôˣ˲ȥüۼҲѸȾŭɫ

Լô˵ˣ
һ˲ȴûʱ룬Ѿ˵ˣʵʵҸȥȥ䣬һ棬ûϢĽŴյҶ˵ܿǶҺȲĲյҺȹĵطҲһڣ
;öģա

ܽȴû֨ǺܳʱĳĬ

һطӦͷվԭسĬ飬ﲻɿһɣѵĴ㣬ԶүŻ
ˡ
ίȴЩãȻˣô
УܽôȷʵӰ죬Ӧõһʱ취Ҫõĵط룬ֻõĵطôȥӦ£ˣ
ãȻˡ

ܽڳĬʵһ𾪣һڶԼŭ
Ϊôû뵽ļĳУжү޳֮ƷŭΪǲƣھȥүһ˽ˣ
ʶ㣬˷ԼȴǰЩ⣬ҲԼںˡ
ˣκ˶
Ѿ˾ϣ̧ͷ֣£

ϸܽȷʵûжԼֵĲһӾͺˡ
ҪôҡͷûˣҲûʲô˰ɣ
Ϊү˵飬ȷʵûģϾүɵ¶Ȼģʵʶûκ˺ܽĳν

ܽȻҪȥѶүһ˽ˣݺݸѵȴǱģȻһжүѰᣬ¾ͲǺȿˮˡܣзִ磬ġ

ЩھΣǸ鷳
ûֹܽѾ˵˲ǽѵ¶үҲû£ϾıĵˡܽĹϵܽӦͷ
ͷǲ˵Щˣ磬ϲġ

ʥּΪӣܽǺܸ˵ģȴЩۿۡ
ټƽ濴ŷƽ˽£ȴ˹֣ҪɨƽЩ࣬ҲûС
ʱּˣ
øĶˣǴ򷢳ȥӴ˹Լ˵İӣ
뵽Щ΢΢һЦҲùϲԼѾҺ˼ˡ

۾һæʲôʱţʲôʱޣ

Ȼ֪Ǽٳףһ޸˵ܽﻹ΢΢ЩףȶٳףٿҲˡ

ʱҲ̫ˣ
ûҪô鷳Ҹˣ￴ˣ϶̾ͬҼˡ磬ֲǺС㣬Ҫô̵ġ˵ҲĳףֻΪȥպߣǲЩһòã

һպߣܽ
Цôż߰

ָһ̣ӲͷƤǡ

ܽױȡˣ֣ᰴؿڱڻЦǻ𶯡
ãҾӿٶȡ˫ϲţգҾͽ˴ȥĸ׿ģҵ˲òƷԻǼҾĸ׶ġ

á̧ͷЦܽ磬Ҽ޳ȥܴܲӦһ£

ܽţ̴Ӧܣ˵һֻҪ£һټҶܡ

ȻƶܽС뿪һֱûֱ˵ãܽôһʲô¶Ӧ̬ȣֱӵС뿪ܼҡ

뿪ȥĶܽЩ⡣

֪ģүʵϲССʵҲΡҪ󵽵Щˣƶ˵ʱҲЩ̧ͷһֱܼңʱ䳤ܹΣ뿪ҲȥԶΪҪǾҲýЩСԺСʲôģһ뾭ȥǡ

ڽϺСܽȻɰƽԽϵ̬ȣûý뿪
нĸףҲΪټ޽ǶҪĸ׵ġ
뿪Ҳǻ¡˵ģ뿪ǵݾͲΣҲɻסڸаƽڣе鷳

ܽͷֻܿͷ
ôͻȻһ֣񲢲ǺϲһУΪ˽ϺСһ




86.   86    ֪֣ͨ˺˾͡

86
ܽδʳڡ
ΪǸоֻһ˲, Ǹо̫ˡ
һƬģҲĺޱ
ǣֻ֣شӦ, պｭϺС뿪ܼҡ

𸴣һĳ׷¡
Ӽ಻Ҫ, ֻһĵܽҪȢ˴



ܽձȥ, ϳɹ鷿, һϳɹ
˼ҵӷ, ֻǸģѪԵ˼Ҳϳɹ, ̬ܽõȻ󲻵ϳɹڣԹס

ϳɹȷʵʧ, ʧҲԼҺ, ˶ܽȷʵŭ⡣ܽʱǹ, ֱӾˣûס, ֱЦܼҵĽ

ʧˣ¡̬ܽǫͣȴû

ϳɹ̬һŭ𲻽û, Ǹˡ
ҿһûʧĸоֱӡ

ܽ۾Ĭ
˼ҵӷ, ̸ģܽүӶϡ
ⶼ游ˣѵҲٲһ⡣

ϳɹ֪ܽʱ, ŭûĳܽΪԼӸʲôȻܽЩ̫ԼֻܳưͿɼܽܽȴǲмǸղˣ޷Ҳ˵ǰźѾ߶ŪôѹסͷĻ
˵ٴŭ˻ӣҲվǸʲôˣҫ

ܽЩ⣬ԭΪϳɹ̸ء
̧ͷֱϳɹ̸ģ̸Ҳûá˵Żˣˡ

ֱ˿̣ϳɹʶԼЩˡ
͹ˣܽҴ¶ѹʲô
վסҪ̸ʲô˵

ܽͷϳɹһ̸ۣҲûãǵ̸ҽֺ£̸֪

ϳɹûϵܽҪ̸ľ
ҴѾһ٣ֱӱˣ׵Ů̥ȥׯ׼޳ȥѵ⻹
ܼҵŮѵҵĶŮǲݽ棿
ʢϳɹĴһ˫ŭܽһʱ˵

ܽ״ҲʲôѾ˶ԲߣҲӦǾͰͳ
ҲҪȥˣʱ顣
ʲôû˵ٴһת˳ȥ

ֱߵĶûӰˣϳɹŷŭһѽűصɢŭ˵ˣȥ֪֣ͨ˺˾ȥܼҽϱȥ
Ҳܱ˰ڵϲȣ

ֵϢҲû
Ȼ˿̶ѾԹޱȰû鰮ˣ濼ǣϱʱܶ
οҪˣͼ˫˫ȥ
δȥˣֻܽΪӣܼҺܿҪͣʱ㲻ҲҪšб͵棬аƽڣܽס

ܽϢЩˡ
ΪܽҪ˺飬Ϸ˺ͰƽҲӦġһ˵ǴӦˣ϶ҲᾡҪټޡ
ټޣֵ¶Ϸ˺ͰƽΪãҲòˡ
ǽ֮ұŴĳȥɣլںδǴСͷģڸûԵˣܷġźԼ޵ļˣЩ˵ܼһ˵ʱֻܶ

ܽʵڳмĸСԺԭž˲µҲδ֪˼СԺҵġ⼸̫ӵߵʱûõ£ȴǱһˣ̫ӵµĸ֮һиСԺҪֻ֡СԺλúã۸񲻵ͣܽ˽٣̶ʱĸСԺҲЩˡ
֪ܽСԺʵϲСԺıˣӦ̫ӵ¡
ֻȻ֪СԺô̫ӵѾһá
ȻҲסһߡ
СԺҲ밲ȥס
ѾˣӻЩȸҲϰɣܽ˽ôԼӣЩмױ˱ܽġ

УһڴӦǲǵȥ

ܽҡͷ컹ٳţһ磬Ҵ֣ƽȥ

һҪߣУռ˿϶ܶ࣬һŰ㿴ûļҵСøƯۣս¶أ
ǴأʱҶûأɾûˡ

ܽϳɹƺˣĥҿܾͻ㡣

ɫһ䣬ǵǼ

ܽͷ˵鷳ġ

ǰʱп˵棬еĸͬ⣬ͽͲ˵ͬ⡣
Ͼ˵ˣҪܼŮȴᱻӰ졣ǽĺӣҲܴͥ˵ͬ⣬ȻһТñӴͷϣ֮λʥϽܷϡ
ֻЭǽԼҪ࿴㵱ǲСˣ

ܽһЦӦ˵ȴ̲סģѾпϵˡ

ŶǾ͡õɴۣ˵ʲôпϵˣ

ܽЦŵͷǣ

˭˭ҵС㣿˵˵ϲʶа￴ϵ˼ң˼ҿ֪㣬ʲô뷨һһ⡣

ܽȴ˵ˣֻҪȢ֮ǰὫȥ㿴϶ϲġ

˼Ը𣿡ܻɣʱء

ģ϶Ը⣬Ҳϲġ֪ܽǸ˾ʲô飬̲סЦ

ܽЦ۾ҪˣҲЦ
˵Ͳ˵ɣǸ˲˭ֻҪܽϲҲϲ



ܼҵӶպһ黨ƽʹ˰ܽȥ鷿ĶӿҵϣӦûһˣʱúñ֣

ܽ԰ƽԸ˵ô룬ֻһ֣ǡ

ƽ̬ȴ⣬Ƭֵ̣̫ӡɣ

֪ܽ
ŲԸͰƽ˵ֻֻһͨʲô

ô˵ûͨȴڱҪְİƽ
Լδ̫Ӹǰչ̫ӦҲ֪
ƽǲҶ϶˵ֻƾ㣬Ȼⲻأһ̫ҲˣֻҪ˹̬㹻ˣĽҾǡ

áֻܽһ֡

ƽ̬̲סЩһֵˣȥúʰĿ˶࣬Ҫ棬Ҷˣ

ܽû˵תˡ
ߵ˴Ըһ֣ƽھȥСǱߺŰɣͷС͹ȥپϻ

֣ƽæӦСԷȥˡ




87.   87    ܽƤ֡

87
֣ƽȥԷ˵һ˭, һȥˡ

˴ϲƱʲôû
ˬˬһˣ߻˸ʲô֪Ĵ, ҵ֣ƽǰ֪õһܼæ͵糿, ûҲû, ҡڵԼ˸

ܼҴſֱеͷ˸, ǵ֣ƽ

λ, 糿״˰ƽ

ͷҲϤĴʱĵһ˲Ŀ, ȴ뿪˰ƽȻʧȥ˺ճСݣʧȥ˸µ, ʵȴػ, һڣٲñν׽ļ˹ܵ
´˺һӶܻ, һ̵ãҲԸġ
Ϊ㲻, ôǮҲӣ˵Ҳῴӵġ
պټޣܸҸƷòõģ
ǵ, 뿪ҵ糿, ܽδﵽäĿĵز



ƽǳܽ⣬һ֪˵ġ
Է˻ػʱ̬糣, ȴ֪Ǳܽ뿪ˡǽ˵ʱҲڣ䲻֪ȥˣ밲ƽȴҲġ
ܽҲäĿģΪˡ
һȥֻʱģܽ˼ңܻˡ
ڣǽͲøκ˽ˣܽûϣ档

岻Ϊɲ棬ȴܡ
ĺˣǺճӵĴӣ˶ðƽʮƫֻ֣¾Ҫ˾ǰƽ֮λܽˡ
ƽɲԸĺڹ
ȻǶ֪ʵ飬˲֪ʥϲ֪档
СҲ¶

ЩģϾǶ֪Сˣ㰲ƽˣ˰ãڽæҵӣһ˰ʲôȴδطס
ֻõȹȥɣһҪˣСȥ

Сء
㲻ܼңȥҲٲҪʣæ͹˲ϹСܴٺòУһҪˣҽ֪ͨ㡣
ǰصذܽǰ͵Ѿ߶ˡ



ϴͣܽǵһˣǰʱ̲һһνϻС£Ѿ˵ࡣ

ƽһ࣬ǶƽСǳȫӦԵ壬Ųڵĳ뺬ЦͷӳЩ⣬滹ͦġ

ֻܺվڽˣ˭ͬżгһкҲ嵽ǰȿڣ˼ҲһͷȻͰͰȥܽǰˡ
ʣȴް취
ܽĳңȲУܼ̫СȷϣܽıˣųңΪƽĵճӣڣ˭ѹ
ܺԳЦˡ
Ͳó֣ҲǣأΪλҪǿܽĺ£ӲҪҲⶪ˵ʣ
һ˦䣬ܺתߡ
ƽͻȻϲȴĽŲ

ˣƽȿڣ俴ܽ
˼ԣܽ˵Ľкʾá

ܽƤһۣܿƿߣûк˲ӭ

ܼұڶ࣬ƽҲֻѹ

ֻܽû

ۼƽϷ˺죬ЦˣֻЦȴδ۵ףԼˣض񡣡

ڴ֮ͥ£ƽˣҲܶܽѵ߶֡
仹ǽӡ
̬ȣʮ̹ЦǺŮļͷģ͵ãԼȷʵöʱ仹磬ȥǸ˵ỰһῪϯˣٽ˻͡ԽͣҲˡ

ƤЦⲻЦĵͷûţԼԺȥˡ

ʱûˣƽܽקһߣܽñ£ȻʥּΪӣҲɣ

ܺһֱվڽ䣬һо۵ףһоС
ֱʱ̲ס̧ǰ΢΢ʶʲôæͣס

̬ܽƽͣЦЦô뿹ּǲЩ̫ˣ

㣡ƽֶ̧

ȴڴʱССŸ˹ûǰͼүүˣ

ˣ
ƽæʰ飬Ҳ¶˼˵Цһߴ󲽳ǰӭȥһקܽϴЦȴѵոԴ̬Ⱦˣǰ¶ţ

ܽ治ΪԼˣûȴкˡ
˵£ִȥ㡣
ȴžţǱϾǻʼˡ
˵ǰ̬ȹһ߰ƽ˵źûҲЦŵͷ

ȴûЦ
ƽԥԥͶͲϲܽȥ̫ߣⰲƽҪӺͶӴŽ̤⣬˭֪ƽ᲻ͺ
˵имأƽճŮķңĳɹ
ԣƽܸĺôþãƽˣȴá
̬ܽȸ߸ϣ˵仰ǶĶƵġ

ƽЩȴǶܽ
ϾǰӴ൱źϲ˵ˡ
ƫƫԶ⸱̬ȣȻǽ̫̫ӵԭ
泡ϲ˵ʲôƽ㲻źۼĵܽΡ

ܽȴ˿ûӰ죬еУľͱָˡ

Ҳɣ߲ŲӭӽƽʾһȥǰԺأһСˣү̫ӵˣ

̫ӵ»˵ƽʵܽҲ⡣
ǵģȻ֮λǰȫ̫ӰæΪ̫źϲⲻԷƱʵ˵ǰƽ̫ʵʲô
ѾˣЩҲûãܽתӭȥ

ܽõȷЩ죬УȲˡ
ʱ̹Ȼ˿ûӦ̫ӣȴôУ
΢΢ۣɫƽӣȽð

⻰ƽͷ͵һ¡
ӣһȽ治õģ⻰˵ľֻúܽƵáֻĲ²⣬ֱ鲻˵ڸܼұõʱ򣬾飬Ҳ֮ͥ

ȴûƽĿֱֱŴſڣȵɫ԰ףƺ·۵Ҫ˷̫Ӵ硣һЦӭȥû뵽Ҳˡ֪ܵҲȥһأӣûţܵǵġ

Ѧӽɫȷʵո԰Щ֪̫ȵԭߵ䲻죬ȷʵЩˡºһЦ⵹ǹµĲˣ»¶ȥ˵һһ̡

ǻǰָ̫ӲãѦ⻰һȴӾֻ令һ㡣

пգȻ岻ݴǣһҧ˵ûգϾոʲָҰ˲£ʵæý

Ѧӵ˵ѵܵܵĿǣҪúð

˵
ʲôʸֿ˵˼β
ӱ꣬㼫ѹû˵һȴѾѿ˼㡣ʵӣ˦ˣѦûҪߵ˼һ˦֣㳯ƽȥˡ

ƽҲ̫ܲӣϾ̫ӵĵλӸߡ
æͣ£תӭ̫ӣ̫ӵ룬롣

Ѧӿɫİƽֿɫʼյܽ˵ǰҲӡţҲûƽɫֻһף̧ǰˡ
̫ߵܼҴ͵Ļûȥ£־һŭɫֱƽˡ




88.   88    ǿϧôõĺӡ

88
ҵ, ںδ
̫ŭֱƽû˽ô, Ҳûע⵽л̫Ӻӣֱŭ

ƽʵһ, ʶԷ

, ˵Ϲ
ЦǾŽǺĴ, ˣ, ұֻţ˵𣿣ԷԷٰò˰, һͲڰƽ

ôܲڸ
ڸȥĶ
ƽҲ󲻵ŮѾҳˣֻΪǲԷ, ˿Թ, Բ˳ϷȻ⣬, ⻹ǳɹĴүأһ, Ҳû˹ܹܣ
֣֣ȻҲܣֻĹˣԷȥ˱ʲôض, ĺ, ͽȥҡ˵⻰תͷһ֪ܽȥи˵ʲô

ƽһʣûָ֪ܽ
ܽȴ֪, سɹˡ

ʲôƽˣʲôʱ£

Ҳţ۾ֱܽ

ܽܵ˵ϹһصģϾ͸˵ˣҵĺӣҪȥͽһ

ƽʱһοؼʱŮ°
¶΢ЦҪֻؼȥ

ȴѾָܽŭɶһɺԣһͻسɹˣ㷽ſô˵ȥˣ·ϸ߲ˣһ˵Ҳ̻ȥ˵ģΪ˸ϲרŻȥҪһģ

ܽڶ࣬ûҾæˣһʱˣӦҲпԭɣҳȥ˵Ҵڼҵ㡣

̬ܽȣ˵ˣƽˡ
һͻȥˣʡ

Ӧǡܽ׿ڸ˵ҪȥģŽڸûҵǻȥ˰ɣ

ܽĻػˮ©һԼժĸɸɾƽ㻳ɣҲõ˵˵ʲôֻܱһֵ֣˵ǻȥˣȻؼҿȥ  

ָţƾܽǰһٴܽ˵ʲôšһٴûֻأûĺȴȥׯϣܱ׷ˣʱҲ游ˣһеһУǰܽݰƽͣ
ֱлڣ֪ΪҹϵӦϢ˸ƽӣ̲סǲأǰڣô˵

еͱˡ
ƽɫһĥʵڲУֱӰȥˣ̫ӵº¶ڣҪкͣɹ˲Ӧ֡

ȴû뵽ͻȻү⻰˵ǲеЦѾȢؼңҵˣڹܼҪˣܴСôˣһ˵ҪңܼĪǸŲ𣿡

˭˵
ùƽģϸŰͽأ
۵׾мû뵽ȥȴЦЦһڿʱѸЦȥ
һæݼ¡

ͷֻʣү˵Ļе

Ȼûˣ
ǻңڻڼ䲻ˣܼҵΣ
ҪܼҳﲻƽȴҲһӡ
˵Ľӻ

Ц
ܼҺңܼңҲûȥáܼһˣ£Դ½ϵҷĿɳպֻһһͶˡ
Ⱦ˵Ҫϱ͸Ͻȥҵĵطȥ˵⿴ѦӰһĽ˶٣תʹȥ磬˵е𣿡

ŷż˵ѦԺ㸡ģڴ£еȴģһˣ޵ȴģǿϧˡ
һ̾ѦӺһ㣬

Щ⣬û뵽ѦӾḽҲǲ뿴ܼɣ
ֻܽѦӵܼҲǱȥģϾᣬܽˣٻжʮõأ
ܹǸ£ѵöѦЦ¡
֣ʵǲͷ

ŷ̫ӵ¾ȻҲڣҴ˸񣬱㱻ȥһߣվƬֻ̣ߡ

ܺ뿴Ӱԥһ˲׷ȥ



Ӻ̫ӵĹͣѾ𽵹Բ̫á˱׷ˣѦӵ̬ӦĺܺãͲģԽԽĵײˬ²һ裬ϯûˡ
̫ӶƬ̣Ҳǳŵϯ˵һƶѡ

λߺ󣬰ƽ˿
ǣǴϲӣȴǾһ󱳵ĺ֮ǰλǿţ˶ˣܽܶүүǰͣС˷ţȥǰԺһͤҪһ裬Ъˡ
һźڣܺˡ
ܼܺҵˣѧʶΪ˴£ڶõһӣƽʵϲΪⲻԼĶӣõһֶǣĵһһףĵЩִܺġҲ֣ŵֶѪԵϵɣǲϲǵִģӴˣȴɻ̬ºͶá
㲻ǰͣʲôƽȿڣﻹ֣ҪμǣǰպЩͣһ붼Ҫύġ㲻¶ͷˡ

⻰֣ܺȴһů
ûܽӦҲܿİɣ
ôţȴ˿¶ֻ˼һЦͤŵ󲮣ǰߵʱҸȥ䣬˷¡

ԣ
ƽæĶһ⣬æʣô˵ģ

ܺҸ˵ȷ˵ҪȥûȥǲȥˣǼҶһȥɹ
⻰ʵ˵еðˣϾ󲮸Ǵ׵˭Ҳ֪ǲŮһЩ˵ܺͽŵĴͷ

ƽĳĬ֤ûŮõĳĬܺﶼЩëˣ̧ͷȴƽһֵֺڿ
󡭡󲮡ܺЩ

ƽ̾һ붮£Ҳôˡ
ǿϧôõĺӣȴġҪģӣ֮λҲܺ룬Ǹܽ

Ȼ⻰ϵ˼ܼ򵥣ܺţȴĪһ˼Ǵźûܺܽ㡣ʵǿѡҲ󲮵Ķӣ˳̳кʸ񣬶ڣܽûʸˣôһܡ
ͷˬ죬ϾСڷԭ³󣬾٣ԿЩͨʱ䳤˾ͺˡ

ǰСڷԭ³ġ
Ϊʲôڷԭ³
Ϊ±ˣһеİȥ
ˡ˵ֻҪڷԭ´ʮ꣬ϵͻᾡٲ˵ˡȴ֤ˣ񲢲ǲôûϢ̫ϵϵ֮λǵӡĪʧ٣ҲѲ˹ϵһۻһ𣬰ƽɫʼЩأ˱֮ǰδǿĻô죿
ߣ
һֺýŵĶӰ
ˣѵҪѺ

󲮣ôˣǡڴʱܺе

ƽ̧ͷȥܺĹУﲻӿһů⡣漴ռλסյıɫܣܺٺãҲǶģ
ûش𣬻Ȼ뿪ʱŭˤӡ

ŰƽԶıӰܺϵĹŤΪһƬ



ܽһ־Ѱ˻ᵽЪʱ򣬻ûüͼ֣ƽɫŵײײ˹ܽʱɫһ䣬ӭȥ˲ѹֱӵôˣǴʲô£

ǴС㡣֣ƽæҡͷݵǡС㣡


ˣ
ܽһץס֣ƽֱۣʱЩôˣ

֣ƽֱ۱ץۣүйءСߣС·ϸ˵

壿
ܽǰȥȻû˶үӰ
һ˲ȵף˫鲻ԽգǺޡײײĸ֣ƽߣﰵģʲôҪ˶ү




89.   89    ô˵ү

89
ں԰һɽɽ, ѹֻ᲻ҳĴ¶ԶŵģͷѪ²֪Ķү𱳿˵ʯͷ, ˫ûбԼǳһֲȻĴ䡣ϸ, ֻܿ϶մѪ

˺һ, ¶ڻЩ
С, Ժô찡ŵү, ү¶ҲûĹȥ

ǣ¶˵Ϸ֪, ǰƽ֪
ƽﱾûʲô飬˵Ƕү, Ƕүǰ, ǵǰƽ׵ܵܣʲôأ¶ֿ, ֻ²ֻСҪǣ
뵽ϺС, һֱû޵Ȧˡ
ô죬ʲô·ߣ
ܽܽһΣܻס, סС
ȴ¶ҪŻҪ, 𿪿ʱȴȣ´¶ûµ, ǡܻܽ´¶ȴӦòѡ¶һҲܽ´¶

¶Ҫ˵ȴ͵ԶүһžȻ̧ȥͷҪѹӡѾɤۣȻгͼŵ͵һ±𣬿ٳȥһʯͷ˶үͷϡ
ûȫѹĶүһңٴλȥ
СС㡣¶

عͷ£ûˡ
䣬ͻȻ
Ϊһ˲䣬ܽ˽

һأ
ܽһӶĳƳʪɽ˫ֱſʯͷź£˵ڵȴǰοŰƣȴ򿴼εĹҲͻȻжһһˤ˵ϡ
𣡡ܽĿѡ

û˵ܽ嵽ǰʱ򣬶ʯͷ˽
ܿ죬ʪܽ½

ûˣûˣ¡˶ҲŲܽ۵˼㣬ɰͰ͵û˱£ȴʲôҲ˵

Ȼ̧ۿ磬ô죬үҰΡ

ܽŷһ۵ϵĶү
û£

Ҫô
ָô죬¶Сָô죿
ûֱʳڣѾϡ

û£㣬ĸ׻Сд¶ǶᱻǣڸոտүһۣܽѾô

̫ܽƶˣɾˡ
˺ȴµĵǣ¶֪ܲ֪ˣ϶ܲ˵ġ
ΪһټޣȴһЩһӡ
֪úõģϿ϶ܲˡ
磬ܲܣܲܳͳȥҲҪټˣôͳȥȻȥ˵Ϊ˰ͳȥ׼Ϊֻ˰ƽԺС뿪ܸģҲģүΪ֪ģǨŭҡʵǲٴڰƽˣһʱһ̶룬ץܽ½ڣ磬òãҰ棬Ҿ㣬ʲôʱʲôʱڡ
׵뿪ʱܲˣ뵽δԳ뿪ҲΪϣùһЩ

ȻⲢǺûᣬֻ̺µģܽˡ
µݣôô뿪ģʵ治̫Ҫ
Ҫĸһ𣿡ʡ

ԥ£ҡͷˣ˵û£˵Ҽϣ¿ѹģ̲סޡ£ֵ磬ҾôˣүǨŭСɣ

ᡣܽҡͷΪҪ£û˹˵ȥǨŭϡ

𳹵׷ˣߣھߣ𣿡

áܽӦˡ

𲻷ȥ˰ãַܽԸȥһˣֱӰСȥס֣ƽţʹ¶ƽãûɢϯ뿪Ҳοܽû̫ڣүԽϵ˴ģȶүµϢȻ뵽ϡ¶סġ

ֱҲ뿪ܽתͷ󲽻˰ƽԺǴɽɽүȻţȥ̧ڶүͷһȦȻ˻أѡλãһֵȥ֮Сˣүˣȥ򡣡һСӦ첽ֽܿһСˣ㽫үȥ

үµϢܽԸ߰ƽġ
ڽⱾǴϲֵĺǽܽӣܺ봥ûкöӵüͷүϲӾȻˣƽʱɫͺˡ
ʲôˣ

ܽ˴˺ԺһɽɽҸϹȥʱͷѪԲѣѾ˴򣬾ƻҪ˵

ͷѪԲѣƽĶүԼҾԴ
ƽʱŭˣ˭ɵģ𣿣

ûСܽ˵˵һ㣬ҵʱɽֻһ

ֱдƽԭתתȦϢʱѹȥǽ֪ǼҵĶүԼұ˴ͷѪԲѣ仹ӣǻЦĸǱҲ˵ǿ֪Ӧţȹȥ

ܽͷѾˣȥɣ

ƽһϣһ˸ţϵѾѾ߼򵥴ƵĶү󣬶˱ַĽţͬʱҲˡ˰ƽ˶һۣ˸ƣʾôү

ۿѾ·Ͽ޺ˣһͷֱ˳

ƽȴûֻŴȥ˶үߡ

үܵ˲أ򵥿ְǿү۾˿ɫȴԽԽأү˲أҲʣֻҪҩϼվͲˡͷܵػҵĶүпܻѲ

Ѳ
Ѳʲô˼˲ʵ

뵽оЩ⡣

Ŀ˶һۣ˼ǣһӣүֻţûʶҲû֪

Ǳɻˣƽѿڵ

ү뼸λ򿴿ɣ
֮⣬û취ˡ

дƽһ߷һİһŭⷭӿ飡Һúò飬үΪʲôȥԺںԺּ˭нոûзʲôر£

үСˣС֪үΪʲôȥԺҲҲ֪үںԺ˭

˱ܵĲĻʺϴȥԸȥҩһߣ˵ү׼˭

С㡣С˵

С㣿
ƽͶ˶Ӧһ뵽ϡ
ƽʲôʲôʱˣֻ˵үΪʲôȥԺںԺ˭

С˵͡ȥСİ

ȴѾˣһһһ죬Ⱦöˣ־öүáСˣô˵үСɵģ

ãں˵ʲôƽˣԾ˵Ц

СȴСҲ֪Сֻð̫̫СȥԺںΣүСǱߴˡ

Ѿ˵زˣپò˼飬ƽҲòˡ
ôأ
ܺŶ󣬱ȵСһأ
Բԣȵ󣬿ŮǶֶܵŮôֶܶŮƽɫװײתһöүͿ׼ֱ޲磬һ־Ůɫ˳ʵڿ
ðΣŵȥ

׵ĵܵ˳ΪϵŮǾȡһҲСֻǸεεŮû˳ģֻҪҳ˸ˣٺݺݷһ¶Ҳ͹ȥˡڶܲѣֻܿ컯
ϾԸ޲ŵµ




90.   90    ĸ׷ģҾ

90
ȥ

ƽһ۴ϵĶү, ֿһۿַŲվȵĶˣ˵޲Ĳ׵ܵ, ԶˣϱЩΡ
ʲô, ӻû, ЪЪɣ

ۿͨ, ۰ƽֻİ, Ӧһ
ү׶ʮһˣЩﰵ粻֪үʰٻ̯ӣίȷί, ίҹҹڱޣȴϰߵĲϰߡ
ֻаƽֱײ, ȴƲסٴίˡ
ίԼ, ǺúõŮΪҸƷж˷ķ, ƽҸĹһȴƫƫ˶үʵ, ֪Ҫ޵ǶүôҲ޵ģ

һֱܰƽ˼εûס¶, ίˡ

һ, Ƭ̣ûס͵Ϳ޳

æ뱧סˡ

ȥС˺ܿˣȴֻһˣү, СѾڸˡСȥԷ˰Լٰãûҵˡ

ڸ
ȥĶˣˣ
ƽһӦηǱˣ漴ԼϣվǸεεĹң¶һҲһҾ˳ġ治ڸˣҲԼһӵģ϶˰һˡ
˭
˭ܼ£ǲܼңƽ⣬߱ߵ飡˰ǰŶסҪ飡ٵ֣Ҳٲһ飡У֪ͨ˻˰ãҪ

ۼŰƽ˳ȥ֪˵Ϳ϶飬ԭҪ½ûü˿ȴѰ˻ᣬ㲻ϰװ׷Źƿּ׷ȥү

ƽͣţʲô£

˿һˣûаڣֱӵǸεεĹңү۸ܷһȻѰŻܣҪ˵ܰѶү˳ǴҶš

ƽҲţԲҪ顣
ǰŶŭûڣ˿˵ˣٿԺϢ𾪲ѵǣڷӦ¶ʺ⴫˼Ƕү˶ֶŮ޲ºԼұ˳ȥʵ̫
ã˵ʲô˵ƽһʹɫˣһ̧Ϸȥ

ȴϣֻŲŲţͼԿ϶˰˭أɩûһֱˣŵģǴɩǾֻͽˣϾǽһߵýүҿǰͽһʰɣ

ò˵⻰Ϲèˡ
ڼң԰Ĳֻܽ
˻֪ѾҵϢƽڶУһү˻ԲѵϢܽģʱܽɫȻἰүʱûзŭ۵Բ˭ƽѾ϶ܽЩιȥ
Ȼ׶ĺ֣˰
Ǹ϶г𣬻Ϊ
ΪŸŮˣ𣿣
ƽǱˣǰһ󷢺ڣҲһǿûιȥȴֶ÷˶

æǰס

ȻҲˣȴΪʳֺܽգûǱƵøˣүүˣѵҪͽ𣿶ү׵ܵܰ㲻úһҪҲǽܸɵģǵǸɣ

ƽַ˼ŭ䱩ǣʲôҲ˲ˣѹͲڼң

ڼң
һ㶣̶ǿϲǿ϶ǽˣ
ѹеĿϲ𾪱飺ڼңǡѵǽǺӣҪ̳ľλҪһӵĶ˵ģôôݵĳ׶塭
Ļû˵ȥȫ滻Ϊᡣ

ƽȻҲֱ̫֣ܽΪļ̳ˣⷬһ˵뵽֮ǰﰵԾλ죬˿϶Ҫɻˣѽѵľλû˭һҪĶӣ
ƽֹͣ˷ĿĿŶˡ
ǰȻôݵĳʧҸôأԺһܷĽ𣿡

벻ܣ
˰ƽɶҲǶۼϣǰʧȥ侲;裬ȲүˡֱԣʵڲãܶԵ׵ĺݣ˭֪ջ᲻ظ£Ҳأүûüڣ콫¶ʸʥϣӰɣ

ǣȻβ©ˣ
ƽ͵ǰһһƴڶ˼ͷһˤڵأź˵Ǻðӣ˭¸ȼ鲻ãθͻСʺϵǲǾֻĶˣ

ôû뵽ƽ֡
Ǵ֮ͥ£㲻ӣǺǳ˰
ƽĿѾЩֱͣǿ޶޲ˡ

ƽȴ㲻ˣΣ¶ǽģݺҸ㣬ôѾ˼ݺҲûã֮λҸҲ
֪ƽ˵⻰ʱļֱҪѪ
˵ˣǰڶ˶ߵҸ㣬ǽģҲȻ֮λΪҵĶӣ϶ĺǺãҪƴĶȴܣ

Ķ
ֻҪĶӾͿԣ
ڰƽҪ뿪ʱ򣬶һץס䣬ʱɬȻү֪ɣʵҲĶء

ʲô
ƽ׻һ룬һˤˡ
ˣҪԣŭ

ȴѾȥˣүɻǵʮǰǸҹĿŰƽס²ŵҼ޸үжʮһˣǲǱ㲻к͵ǣ֤ҵû⣬Ϊʲôһֱ׵ĵ꣬ڸйǸҹأүôˣѵ벻ԭ𣿡

ԭ򡭡ԭѵǡ
ǶܵĶ
ĶӣȴȴǺͷŮеģ
ƽҳһţȷûиˡܺô㣬һ뵽ǷʹֶеĺӣʹĵģϿ϶Ӱ

˵ʱúܽԽԽѹ˼ڰƽϣ촽Ҳߡ

ܺŵʱ򣬿ľһĻ
ôˤˣû°ɣüͷһ壬ǰȷ˶ˣȻתȥƽ󲮣ҷ

ܺס󣬰ƽȴǱһ㣬ҲûͰִܺˡȻԸ壬ܺ룬ֿˣһ񾭲񿴵ߵһģһ仰û˵תҴˡ

˲ŵĿӰҲ̲ס˿ѪȻһ˿Ҳˣ̱˼סܺ뻳

ܺ뾪г۵ҲԹޡ



бҪСϷˡ

޷ƴǣֻȥӡ

Ϸббһۣãȥɣ

ڳͽԿвĴյһ

ϲŲʣ̧˳ȥ
һȥȴѵߵܽסˡ
Ƶң𣿡

ܽʾ⽭ϱ߱˵
ٰжξˣŰ𱻶үסֱµ˵ˡ

ϴӸ𱻽סͰȻܽ׺˻˵赭дЩϻǴĲ˲ԣ˵ߣվҪվˡ
ʵ˵ûûϵĵ˵ȫˡ

ֻܽô֣صĸףҿԸ㱣֤ȷʵûܵ˺ҵʱԺûüʲôҾͰþˡ
˵Щʱܽϵʵĵ׵ѹȽ١
֪ȷʵûַܵ˺ûУȴ϶Ӱˡ

ûȫţܹסЩˣʣĶ

ܽѾͳˡ

ͳ
Ȼôͳ

ܽƵϣܽˣʵõʱЩʧ֣ҲѲˡֻܰͳȥȻֹܲСҲҪǣ

˵үºĶУէһܽ˵үҲѲˣһɾŹܽһɵȻûʧ˶үŻߺڣоү˵޲磬Ǽֱ
ܽȴǵ׵Ķ壡
ܽȴΪʧ֮¸ɱ˶үҲû
ǶŭŻôʧ֣
֡Ϊʲôôŭ
һ𰸺֮ȴţҲʡ
ֻʣȥĶˣ

һլӣû֪ܽ

֪֮⣬Ǿ԰ȫġ
ǲȫ֮
ȥҲģû˵϶ܺ¡ϵ

ܽҲ֪¶ӰԺܴҲýȥȥⰲοһ²СѾ֪ˣ϶˸ǲ鵽¾ΪԸ⻤ĸͶǱȴͬ⡣

ҲӦˣȥ
ܽӦҲȥΪ֪ƽԲΪȥ
£ܽΣ֮Ҳֻ԰ȫ
áǡǾ͸հɡϵһ䶼ңһСĴĸ㣬Ůûڶүܵˣܽˡ

ܽûע⵽ϵĲԾһĶô˵أֻҲ֪ڲǺʱ̲סһһĵĸףһȥұ㲻ٽˣΪʲôʱ򣬶ţĸͶһֱõġȫҲģø˵СȽ棬ȵСҲȥˣʱÿһԲ

ܽô˵ϲЩãȻѵܽˣ
Ϊ˸СһԲʲô˽ģ
Ϊʲôһôã
ΪĴˣϲ붼֪ϲܴԵ޹ֵزĺáܽȻûб¶м䶼һȻȻᡣᣬ鷳ˡܺ˵׸һֶôã׸ҲʲôˡһӶүϾ£պ㶨Ȼ裬԰ɣֻҪԸģ϶ỤԸ£԰ɣ

Ѿѻ˵ôˣܽɵӲ֮⡣
ûŵΪ֪жôϲô׽Եȵ֪⣬Ȼһ
֣صĸ׷ģҾñԸ¡
ڣ

˿漴Щ˼ܽûд⣬û򣬶һСľˣֶû¡ãһлû˵ǰ˻һͨ޵ı˼˳ŵ
лˡǼһڵĴ£ǲ֪α㡣˱ңʲôҪϵɽ»𺣣ҶΪ쵽ĬĬô˵ţɫᶨȻϣһӶûΪѵ£ûҪҰæĵطܳһʲôΪѵ²Լȥôֻܸ˵ϵɽ»𺣣Ҳ쵽

δĸϵɽ»𺣡
ܽæȴһҪһĸȥʻǧҪ¶֪Ϣ㲻Ҫһ֪ûҪֵĺģϾ¶Ƕ岻ԣܺߡ

ΪСõ¡
æͷӦ£ֵĸȥСͣһȥȻ֪𲻼˵ϢҲðСھͿԻȥģҴȥҺү

֪ܽĴϻ˭ˣȫŴ˽ϵġ
°ƽӦŭʱȥԣСʱȲҪȥˣ֮ʲôУȭŹѾߣҪ㣬ŭ֮¶֣װš

ܽʲô⣬һδεģҲˡ
룬ҲϲܽʵûɷԣϾܽĳƷԼӵĵλһδεĸһڵľ֮ʵѾǸöˡ
ɫӵĿܽһۣϵͷӦ˺á




91.   91    Ϊﱨ򡭡

91
үȷʵ˵ú, ֪ܽƽԲж
ܺ, ֳֻܱĬ

ֻܺǲ֪Ҳδ⣺, һʹȥ顣ոպʹ, ˵ʲô, ô˶
ܺЩ֪ô˵

˺ܺĸ, ׺ʲô˵ģͼıƽҲĸıһľܺ벻Ƕү, ƽĺӣȴһֱû˵㵽˽Щܺ뷢, , ˻ȥ
ûʲô˵˵¡

⻰ܺԲ, ˵Ϊ֪Ը˵ô˵ġ
û׷, ֻЪţҴȥ¿Ǳʲô˵ġ

ʲô
˶үľܽѾǰ϶ʵˡ
ƽƫҪţ
ͷ޵ĵѪ, ҧز, ģܽ

ܽ
ôʲôɣܺԾѡ

ЦʲôɣɫģŽæ, ˴ٻܽҵŶãһͬɫģ
ҪȻôѵ׵Ķ˳
үţһĸоǸŮˣ

ܺԾˣǳԾү£ǳԾܽȻΪŮزԾͶһ˷ܽϵã˼Ѿ޲磬ֶԵ׵Ķ֣ǰϢȥӵ⣬ͱˣ

ŶˣֻܿЦ
ʲôأƽ뻤ţҴ
ոհƽֲֻܺߣ˶˲õԤУ°ƽܺ롣ǲܣǵܽ˼ǵǶĽʲô붼룡
ܽ󲮻᲻Ҳǣ˿ɬ

ܺһ㶣漴æˣҡ
˭أ
˵ǶүԸΪүͷҲֻǶ
ܽ汻ܵģҲֻ
ҪǻֽܽٸɾҲһʱ뵽ǡ˵ģʱ˵̳кˣǴһŭ֮£Ҳˣ
ܺ봹ͷ˫ֽճȭѵ˳ѵ𣿣

ֻܵٵȵȿٵȵȿɡ



ү˵£ɢɰƽϷˡ
Ȼûţ˶ү˭ȴ˰ߵϡ

ǵģѾߴ¶ˣ֪İƽͶˣ˶Ϊ˿˲Ӷү¾󣬰ˡ
ֻ˶үʲôûüȴӴ˳˻ˡ

Ϸ˵־ŭʹֺޣָŰƽԹ㣡ԹȢɥǺ꾫¼ӣﲻǺûŮõоҹôȥ˴ȻߣǾҪеȥȥܵܣȫһɻˣ

ƽϣҲһֱСۣСûʱĬĬͺˡ˿Ϸ˵ȴЩΪ磬Ƕ޲˴ģʲô£й˵˼ùֳɵģ
ֲϹɵӣöܱȽã
ο˶ܵǽƾʲôѽϺСɻˣ
ܻ½û޹ĽϺС
˰ƽûֻüͷţҪߵĻ

Ϸ˴һͨûȵӦٿƽƺͬģЩûιȥүѵΪŸŮˣԼ׵ĵܵܶܲ𣿣ǿһĸͬ׵ܵܰ

ô죬ĹѪء
ܵף׹ȥ
ڽϺСһ˵ɣӺϵĶӣͲʲô
ҴӦ㣬ȫҳҵ̽⴦ã˵⻰ƽȴûʲôգǶҵûգǶ԰𽻸Ϸ⴦ûաҪôֻ¾˵ģһɻ˵ľˡ
ܽӣ
ôôùô
Թκϣ϶κϵŴ

ǽأСأɱˣСѹͲĹ⣡Ϸ۾ͨ졣

ƽ֪еʱ˵ˣС˵˵ġ

ϷָŰƽ˵ˣ㡪

ƽģһҵ˶ܵˣǱǼŵڵ͵ģֱҪǱǼŵڸߵģӾƴ˰Ҳֻع˵겻Ϸٿڣתˡ
Ӱ򷢳ȥһ󣬰ƽûȥܽǻ˰á
һ췢ʵ̫ˣ۵ֻͷ۵üҪըˡ

ѵľĵ˰죬ƽţæɣͨ۾ƽ񣺡үˡ

ȻոϷǰѽϺСˣƽһֽϣֻһˣҲ֪Ĺֺ޵ѵҪֽϰ̫Ư𣿿ҪǽϲƯôϲôȢأ
ֻšһǰˡ

ϸǰ˱¶õĲ裬ȻĬĬ˵һߡ

ƽ˿ڲ裬Ъ˺һᣬʱʽϴ˽˵ʲô֪һתͷͿһᡣܽĺӣҪͣǺһǰѾ޹һأ֪ƽϲʲôѲױϣ¿ˣ˸˻ᣬƽԽõģһ¾ˡ
뵽ڿܽĳûԺʲôʱûСѵ㻹²Ұĸӱˣ

ϵȻµóΪµó˿԰ƽǸмġ
˵ǶүĲ𡣽ϻһ͵ˣﲻ֪ھԵȨǰûԴġǰƽĸӣֻϷ˺Ͷ綯ˡ
µóлүĵлģޱȺѡ޸ƽ

ûûûһĿƽ̬ȸˣΪ

ǡϵͷһʵģǰ˵ˣ˵˴ˡ䡭˵Ǿɵ˭ȴ֪Ҿˡ

ʹˣǱȻӵġ
ο˼˵ӣôߣܲ檶˵ء
Թýϻѹˣôôܻ᲻ѹ
ƽ˵ģʵǱ˴̼ˣֻĶãСż޹ΪСҲǽϵŵˡϾ֤Ͼ޸ĵȥķȴġӣȻҲꡣ
ǵģڰƽ˼άȻǶ˵ĳ󣬵Լɷݣ˲Լռ˱ˣֻö˵Ϊ˲ܡ
֮£ϼֱŮ˵䷶
ԥ¾͵ˣĲˣǽѶү˳ģҲǱˣǽ

ϵĳԾװģΪû뵽ƽࡣ

ᵽүƽɱ뵽ˣԼܺ롣
һ̱ЩƣȥŹϡ

£Ȼᰲƽʲô˳ӵȥţת˰ƽ棺үǻл˵𣿡

ƽ˽һ˲ŵݶҾöġ

ģ
ʲô
û֨ƽ˵ʲô

ƽȴﶼõĽ϶Ȼ˲ԥֱӵΪ˶ܣǷ֪󣬿ڿӷ˽ݡ

үһЩҪΪܽ˵

ƽȴѾһ̳в˺¸ǸˣθСɲֵĺˣ

ԭ˾Ұġ
϶Դ˲ÿɷֻɽ⣬ǸˣңкõĶõ¶ȻԼĺӡ

Ҳǣƽѿھ͵

ʲô¾̫һվ

ƽû߳ܣҲûø׵ܴܵñӵԼдΪѴȫƵ˶ϣǼˣʹưˣԺаˡԭΪֻһʱ֪֮˺ֱҷ˽Ÿң

𾪵ļ˵ܽӲǵԣҪ֮λ

ƽϽϣŭĵΣ˶ܣҲһ½ңⰲƽҲֻϺܺΣԶ룡

ϵض˵ͷ

ƽȴͻȻץס֣յݶﵱǶĵý

ģҲŶء
ǷϵĴʹˣȴǷǿġ
˵ʲôˣͿˣҲܷû
ҪǼ޸ƽĽϻʮ꣬Ҳ벻ϻĵ£ĵˡƫƫ˿̲ܱ¶Ҫοƽ
֣°ƽֱȶĵĽǾͲҪȥˡ˶٣ֵҲҪȥϣǲϣ¶Ǽٵġһ治ŷϸҳȥ˵ܺĶӣҪȥ˵㶯֣ĸ׾Ĳ

ûȻͶܶӣȴˡ
Ҫ˵ȷʵ֣ͻҪ
ƽ˵̧ͷһ۽ϵ͸ˡ

ȴ˵ǽżеĺ֮ǰһֱûǶүǵҲ㡭

ǲǣƽæϽϣһĵӢǶܵ׹⡣ڷǹƺ˵ġ

ƺ˵ģ
ô˵֮ǰû߶ү⣬һĺӣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ֮λΪ˺
δ̫Ц˵㣡
ͻȻ뵽һ㣺һϲ㣿

ƽǰûⷽ˿̽һᣬһԥŵ˵ͷǡҺͶǰȢޣõŮ档
ȻʱѾܾˣƽˣȷͷżΡֻʱѾκ϶ˣϼƷ䶼ϼѣòȲκϣҪ;ˡϾһֱѾǴ´࣬ϲÿŮˣԺ檾ǣʲô¡

ͬʱģʡ

ƽͷֵʱͷżΣҲڣΪǳܣ롭

ͬʱģô귽ϾˣܼƸƽ
޸үѾ϶û˰취ֻһֱУֱҵƽ
ôκѲճ˾ûˣûйϵ
һעˣƽĻæΪү㣬òƷԽǿڶүԷҲֻѾ޸ү㣬ʵˡ

ƽֻýϼֱĽﻨϽϵ֡

ֻδ˵Ͼ͵ү˵Ǳߵģȥ˳ܴܲȥү𣿡

ƽӦ뵽ϷˣæҡͷУǳֻỳǲȥʱ˸ҳò˺áȥʽȥȥɣˣҲͷЪˡ

Ҫˡ
˻ٸķϣ˼ʲôҲû˼ˡ
ϵͷź˰ƽЪ£ŸϽȥܽ

ܽ׼š
һ鶼գ˾ţȥ

ϲµˣЩӣҲ£㿪żɽΪոյϢԭܺ벻ǶүĶӣǷϺͺүĺӡ£ֵУһﵱѲǲҲͷйأòһ¡

ܺ롭ͬĸ׵ܵܣ
ò˵Ϣܽ˵
ںƽ뵽ΪûѲǷͶйأܺ޼ǰţΪﲻֵ
Ѳйء
ܽȭͷΪﱨֱΪӣ




92.   92    ңԶ㡣

92
Ѿʱһˡ
¶ۺҹɫ, תͷڱڴ·
һˣԴ絽ߣСͱ, ԲҲ˵ǡǶ˻Ƶġ
ŵĽ, ¶һ뼦˿޺ϵСߣС, Щɣ

𱻽л, , ̧ͷ¶һЦ¶԰ɣҲ

ôܻ᲻, 緹ûö٣
¶ۣȴʲô˵ΪǸһµģǶү۾һ˲Ҳû, ڻľս, οһʼͱүΪĿС㣬үûֵʵʵĺ, ǹҲȻ˾
۶¶áС, Ƕˣ͸ū˵

¶ˡ

Ȼ֪˵Ǽٻ¶̵ūźϴ, ЩЪˡ

ϴ, ЩҶ´¶ŵģԥһ󵽵״˴¶ȥֻĵȴϨ, 䣬Ҳһյ
˴ȴҲţֻڴ˱ӽԼס
ǻ˸ض

ƶ˻꣬ʵ϶ܱһȴΪ񣬵ԺﴫŲѹüᣬһ´ӽȻѸٴͷ˲غõذףŽ´ź󡣲Ʋֺ͵һ˿

ԭܽˡ
˯𣿡Ȼƻţܽᣬһ˯˱ѡ

ûû𿪿ڣЩɬ
Ȼذڵֳ֣˨Ŵˡ

ܽȻЩôôŴ򿪣ͷɢֻ£¸ЬӶ˴ʱʱʲôˡ
ǻ£
Ϊү޳о˸õլȻûġ
Ѿүɻˣһ̿ģܽԾԼˡ
һѽ΢΢ŷԷθԣûûˣ£Ҹ㱣֤Ҳᷢˣ

·ڣܽʱᣬһֱ侲
ǲ£ǲţһԼһΪԹ߿µ侲
ڣֻܽˣܽô֤е侲һ˲ֱҲŲסеذһסܽ

ԺĴ¶ϹƼһĻɿЦˡ
Сˣܿ޾ͺãݺݴһӦþûˡ

֣ƽԺһæקŽˡ

һޣӴ޵ӡ

ʱ䣬ܽûȰһֱţֻʼű߱ˣ˱˴ߣ򵥵ıţֲͣ󱳣Ҳ
ֱԼͣſ޵úͨͨһ۾
ʣЩ𣿡

ͷ

𣿡

ҡͷԥ£ʵֵͷ

ܽ̾˿Ҳ֪ŮӶԣ£ǲ׷µġ
ͷš
ȥű߽ڵϵذ׼صʾ˼и𿴣ȻոҽǼУԸҡ

ңӹذףȴЩãȻ

ܽû£ͰҵҪ۸ĶˣҸոսķӷ

ЩĻ᲻˵̫ܽˣܿ͵ͷ
Ǹ޸֮ŮңִӲйⷽѵܽһãذ׷ͻȻϮʱһܻУԵͨˣҲ޿ˡ
Щܣذһ

ܽһ߬ס֣û¡պ£һʱȱ˳öԷʧȥģȻϥ϶
Ȼ֮䣬ֱȻϥϵͷ򣬵õߴĵط㲻ܷ˶ˣҲ۵ù˲ץ㡣


ץס֣ܽ磬ԣ

ܽɫ΢䣬ɫԥһ˲󣬻ǵͷץֱ

ļ˳ӣȻϥϡ

ܽ͵غ˰벽ֵ̧ϥϡ
ò˵ʹ˳̵һ°ܽĶЩ顣

˿գɻܽ磿

ܽýˣҲˣֻܵȲ

Ȳ
һֱֶܽĲ˲

һЩ

һΡ

ˣһΣõ
һΣܽƱ÷飬۵һƨ˵ϡ
ܽĳ˿ţС

һֺһأĺķй߰˰ˣҲ˲ʲôˣôڵֲ̧˰ѶͷĺܽЦˣ磬лл㡣

ܽҲ£Цҡҡͷȴʲôû˵
лʲôлûб
ģ£ٲᷢˣոѧһУһҲٲϣ
Ȼ֪һȷһӶûڱϣȴϡ
ȻⶼǺˡ

磬ʲôǱߣĸǱߣֱʱŷӦԼôһ֮ж಻ж˽ôˣ̯ȴȫܽˡ

үͶˣܽǺ⣺үѾ򿴹ˣӴԺƽ˶ѣʲôڶˡܽûʲô˵ģԭΪ˶үԳô˻ңԸ˰ƽܺ벻ͶүĶӣƽļӡ

ʲô𾪽г

ܽһЦǵģûܺҲǰƽĶӡ

ܽǰһḲֱܽϣ硣

ôˣܽû˼ȻοĶЩ졣

Ȼ֪ƽʲôˣƽϾܽ׵Ҳ϶ǶƵģүүԺôŮˣڡ

̲ܽסЦˡ
û£ǶƵģã˵û£ܽ˳ץ֣һקᱧס͵ʮǰȥԭ¿ʼûٰʱû˲ʱ͸ܺ룬ûϵֲܺȡҵĻ¶Ҿֻ֪йϵǼ׵ҲһΪﱨ𣡡
Ͼûδػ
ΪӣӦġ

ȻܽŻǾܿ
׽ĵһΪûˣһȴûΣԲǵģκϵͰƽûϵҲκ󲻵¾͸ܺ룬һǶԲ
ܽܽοһţû£磬㡣

ңԶ㡣
뷨ʱû˵ڣĻ͵ز¡
ʲôʱ˼
һֱ룬ܽгһܷŹúﻹСһž۵
ôôҪһܽ뷨

ϲĹڻ˵׵Ļǽ˶ү£ܽǵú׻ĹҲˣᣬľţĺ¡ԽҲӲסҲֻƵͷһǡ
ãңҰѼɾˣͽȥ

һȥ
檣ں̶ȣӦҲлСİɣ
ǲ֪պȢʲôӣӣܲݵ

ĸƽҲȫ㣬˵ҵ㽻ĸ䡣ʱûؼˣҲûĸ׺Сģĸ׺СﲻµģңһΰƽҲѡ˻ĸ׺СܽѸ

ģȴܽδܲݵȵķ֣ݲ˻۸ֻҪܽߣ



ܽǰµһլ죬㽫ʹ¶ԼϵȭŹѾߣһȥҪæ£ҪѦǱɵĲҪӦı֣ƽ

ܸˣãôˣ

˼¶һʱ嶯ܻȥܽɵҺʹ綼һ̫µԾ͸˵Ҫȥס϶ӣʵֻȥ˸סС¡

ȻһҲùµϢǺܸˣ̫ˣңҲܳţӦҲôˣߣҴȥסĵطȻסС£Ҹʰӳɣ
ǴһӲ޳ĸǳϲܽŵ⴦լӣȸСȫúʰԼס˵ҪаԼļңҪҲʰס˼

Ѿ״ӶүӰﻺ˹˱Ҳϡ

һ֣˰繦סʰãһЪˡ

Ϊһ׽ˣǳ׷һ˯˼ʱ䡣ѾˣҲ粻Ӱ
ֻԼ˯̫ãԼˣûϡ

ʵ˿Լ䣬ǰĴ¶

С㡣þû˵¶̧ͷͷҲۡ

ɡڣƣ
ôû뵽Ķ壬ƽֻΪŮɫЩЩҲλóˣֶŮɽɽϵ£ϵֶŮҲֶŮοСˣþעһӵŮ˰

Ծģȴ׵ܵܣԣһϾҲ
ÿϵð
Сͬĸ׵ܵڣôҡ
ˣңûô˸õ
ʲô⣿
Ǵ޿ø檵𣿣
ˣ
ˣ
û̶ֱȣڵֺ֪Ѧֵʱ

¶ȴû֪СѾΪѣǵС㣬ū߳ˣɡС̫ˡãһֱһܲܰһǴү׽㣬˵үһġ
ʵԭ¶û˵֪ܽ۸ˣǺĴүǸ߸ϵӣһСѾߣôأû뵽ᷢү£û뵽£ǰ棬һֱο
ֻǸѾ߶Ѱ
ʵû˵ֻǡֻǽ̫ˣԽԽѹ̲ס͵͵ԺޱˣӲ֮˵ˡ

ҵȻá
׵ܵܣҲòԽ۸Ӳ

㣬𣿡ͻȻ

æһԸ¶ٳȥһȥ˰һȥˡ

һɨͷ޹ˣǰ֣е㣬ôˣ

۵׵ĹУܽҧһ
ˣôõˣôң
û£¼Ҳ֪һߣǼǱߣܲӦ˸ɡ

˼浽ڻûЩѾܽǵϢ㰲οûµĴ㣬ģ뿪̫ӵº¶ȥ˼ϲײ֣λ¶Ϊ˵ˡ˵붯ϳɹҪˣҲϳ磬λյı̬ºүԼҳߵģҲ潫ִ󡣡

̫ӵŽΪ˵⣬ôҲΪ˵ˣ
ûע£ɻ󣬵벻ͨҲ룬ֻ˵ȷʵǺϢֻһһΪģȴЦЦ
˵Ķͷεôôɵ
ɵɵľôˣ֪ζʲôζȫ˰




93.   93    ܽһڡ

93
˫˫뿪, ܽȷʵ˲鷳¡
Ǳ˺ܺ뱻ŵ˵ƽְáߣƽȲܽܵġϷүǱ߳ٳҲ, ǻŭ޴ҲֻҪڼ, 㲻Ǳƽ, ϷԹء
Ҫ, ƽϷ˫˫ˡ

, 㵽ȥˣϷȿڣżҲңûϢѾˡǼ֪Լҵլӻׯ, ˲֪Ҳ֪֪˼Ƥһ, ɾͳ׻ѽ㲻ٻزȥ, պټ޶ѣ

ܽϻش𣺡Ҳ֪ȥˡ

㲻֪ںŪ˭أ˼ˣ㲻֪ܲ, Ѿˣٲ˵ƽ˿в, ֺϳɹúÿǿǣҪ׽㣬ҪϲŮ˰ɣΪһһٶ, Ǽ, Ҳֻһѡ񣡡

㻹ѡܺ룬𣿡ܽ

Ȼʲôû¶ƽ, Ϸ˵ǰʱһƵ㡭˵ʲô㣡

˵ܽһЦܺǶĵӣûжӵ£ǶԸ⽫̸㣬̳кҲ˳

ԭ˵
ƽ˿֪ͺã

Ϸɫȴѿ֪ٲٲ˵ԲŹô˵𣿻Сתƽʣʲô׽ʲôϲŮˣͽڴʲôգʲôҲ֪ģ

û뵽һС˵©ˣƽŵɫһ䡣

ܽȴѾ˵ˣֻǼҲЩҲż껹СٵҲʹá

꣬ȵãҲܵȵãϷ̱ˣݺݵ۰ƽܽļҵĹǼҲЩҲҪֻҪ˺ãϲܺӣǾȢáĸ˵ͬ⣬ĸ

ʲô֪˶ԷĶУ
ƽµܽ˵ȻţûʣΪǲܵ顣˵Ϊ϶ѾˣǴǰʲô¶ûѾϺС㣬Ҳܼ޸

ԣҲܡ
һһӲŵ檣Ҳǿˡ
ֱӲ廰øϽлҲֻȥǳԿϵһ˵ֻԸҪ

ϷҲ治ԸңҲټޣҲ¼ŮһֳһŮԵܱܲ𣡡

һŮԵ
ܽԭºͼ˵ʲôϷ⻰ȴҲ̲סˣĸҪҲǲͬ룬Ƶô㲻òҳߵĵһŮԵɣƵϣҲ˭һԼѡ񣬴ҳߣǼܸڶʧѡİ취ֿһŮӼҶһ⣬ѾǼҿ˴㣬ȻҪô㱳

ϷԾĻһҲûУôû뵽Ȼ˾˵ĲԣһһһֵⷴĲˣһֱ۵Ĵӣ
Ϸɫװףָܽһʱ˵

ƽˣ̵ĸǸ

ܽﵽҲϷһλģ˹ĸϷ˸񣬵Ϊһ˵ˣδǸֻĸҪæһ

ۼܽ˵תߣͷûһ£Ϸ˳װɫһ˫ǵҲᡣָŰƽ㡭ǸӣǺáǺã

ƽԩʲôϵ
Ҳòᰡ

ϷȴԾı͸ˣ仰Ҳ˵ˣһĨһ潫ֵݸһߵӣٰȥˡ



ƽΪҪˣȴû뵽úܽͻ˸ֺϳɹǰ鷿£ܽžţݡ

ܽһݣ͸ֱֱܵߡ
һϳɹŽɱѹ
һ֣ŷŭԹ޲ʲƽеӣ
ֻܽԼǿˣôӣ

ϣƽ˵ģǰԼûʳ𰸣ϳɹڣܽǰӣֱӵ㲻˵֪ãԸүү˵һ

ȥҸýϳɹһ游ܽҲ˳š
ܽ۰ƽֻЩ׵Ϊʵǲ֪˭ƽţΪܵϺͲò˵滰εһЦҡͷҲ֪

ƽܽҪԥòſ˵֪ܽٶûſھͻز֪
õɴۣһϣ˵

ܽƽҵ治֪

游϶֪϶Ǹͨòģ̲סһ޺޵ܽһ湪ϳɹ˵游ǹⲻ˵ģ

ϳɹȻ֪ܽǹⲻ˵ģҲ֪ȷʵǱܽˣΪһ棬ʹܽ￴ˡȻôˣܽǶ԰ƽǶûа⡣ҪˣϳɹĴָ
ܽ㲻ҿǱ࣬ҲͲڰʾֱ죬ϳɹۿܽô˵ǲˣ

ΪĲͬܽ治̫⣬νһʮʮٴȥģܷųܷųҲδؾԼҳԿҲҪҸҲӲϡ
һ˵ˣӰˣٻңټ޿ȥҲŵڵЩƷֶҲõģʲô
ڻӰܼŮǸʲôϵ
պŮŮˣҲһʮˡ
ܽĬһ˲ϳɹв

ϳɹֱЦˣвҺúõĶϱ߲ӰҲҪˣôвˣ

ܽҲֱӵǲأ

ϳɹɫһٲҪ֪ƽĵճС󲻼㣬ǳŻ֮ʸ˽ˣ

үƽæվ

ϳɹȴһִҪ˵Ļֻܽ

ܽͷô˵ǲ˵ˣ

ϳɹɫ΢䣺ʲô˼

ܽûֱӶϳɹת֣˵Ķүƺ˸ˣǴүҴǸ˽ֻҲΪүӦҲ˰ɣ

㡪ϳɹһȡ

ȴҲ̲סֱӳܽ

ϻزʹһ빦Ͱִûܽ붯֣һֵסֵȭһ죬㽫ְ˵ϣүⲻ뿴İɣ

⣬ô°ƽֵӶ첻ˣææҪܽſ֣ʲôѴַſ

ܽҲûѹֲţ˳һ˾վ

ֵɣȻ޵õѪȴٲóȻˡ

ϳɹԼûϢӣֿܽûͨڵ˼֪ӲӣҪˮǳɹҲɾˡȻˮŮЧã̫ܽݣֱӰʾӶˣƫһڻĲˣ¶ҸͲӲϡ
һƽ֪˵ٶҲûãϳɹһû̺ݻŰƽܽĿѾԣӴҺܼƲˡ

ȴԸôˣõĻһ˲ܲ˵˵˳ǣ㲻֪߳ܺӳǽʲôϵҿûԩ򹴴ɼ֤ݻڼҪֳҿɲǼ̫ӵ»ӵ£Ͼ֤óһλޣǶû

̫ӣӣ
ƽɵˣ֣⻰ɲ˵İҼˣ⻰ƺаָæֵλҲǣ

ϳɹˣ֣д£

ñӣ־ú߳ܣʵصͷȷд£

ܽţԼĽԼ֪治ˡ
ȴûϣֻһЦ԰̫ӵأӵأأүǼ֧ӣǸ̫ӵºӵˮĻأ

㡪ָܽߵڰף޳

ֻܽˣͿͣ

Ǿ÷źݻɣϳɹҲܽʧǣ԰ƽҵţ

ۼϳɹ߳鷿ƽǼָܽ㡱˼ûæ̧ȥ׷ˡ

ܽȴһץסԵЩ㲻֪ҶүǱ˭ϵ𣿡

ƽһͣţ඼͵׹˰㣺ǡɣ

ң¶ˡܽһЦɫİƽ̧ˡ


ŲҰ
⣬иĶӣƽľλҪ˰ɣ
ƽһƨˤڵϣһ˲ʲô˼ûˡ



ǱߣҲаƽţ̳ܽȥ˰լӡ

⴦լС°ŵź֣һ֪Ъ󣬱ԸȱԸȥ𴦡

Щˣϴ˸̺ŴϵĴӭ˯
ܽûûע¶񲻶ԣǰһֽд¶ȥ

¶ǵ治ߣһѾߣҲʲôˡ
ͷҧţ¶ĥǲȥиڵ

ܽһ·ЩʣȺ˱裬ȥߣ֡

˯Ҳܸо׽İȫģסֺ˱ܽһϣСèƵĲ˲䡣

ܽ˲ʧЦ̲סҪȥһգڵͻȻ顱һײ

󲽿ţһ°ˣܽ




94.   94    ׵ܵܣҲ

94
ûʲôݵ, һţܽǱܵĲһվ𣬲Ҽ߿, һ񱻼ҳץס˴µģͷ


Ϊ˽˵ͽϵĻ̫ܼҵһʾ, ҵڶܺ, ׽Ҳû, ᲻ϲ, ºܽ¶֪ȴû뵽ȴץšȻ˯ˣܽ, Ժƺܽϡ
󡢴㡣޳

һȺҲӦ˹Ƕݺݵܽͷһ, Ȼ첽ǰסҪ, һа˰ٶȣûû£, ǲǳЪˣЪŰɣûʲô, ҾʽǱûʲôϢЪŰɡ


ֻңôôһģ
, ûܽ, ոܽߣܸÿ˰ɣûж
Ժðһһ⣬һҲʡ
̬ĴͷӦ, ɻ˴ϡ

ѱ̺ǺãȻЦվתܽԾͷǰǿûקܽ䣬קȥˡ

űϣ𳤳˿
漴е㵣ܽԸ񣬼ȻˣͲܵûҲܲԲϹص¡ûܽòΪܽǿҪܽ˰ɣ
ԼĺãԽԽܡ

ҪĻ䡢ȻʼǲԸ⣬ʵҲܽǿȣܽ࣬СԼԸ˱ǱͼԲ۴ķڹܽܽ
ƿ̺´ȥ
ҪܽƱҪ˵СʧҲ˲ˣܲܽί

һߣһ·ܽקԼ䣬˴򷢺ţûü˵̧־ͺݺݸܽһơ

ܽˡ
ô⻹һζ֡
֮ǰ˼ִףʱû˵ػôȴܿˣΪǾ۸ԲŭĴ
ûĵ׻Щˡ
ôںҪ֪ʵ飬϶Ҳ֧ɣ

ʵ㡭û۸ãһʮֱԼۣ˲ֻۣҪ뵽ոտģ;ĵ׵ĻҪԼˡѾˣܾܵȻô޳ܣ

ܽ£ʣ۸˵żɫ䣬ٰһƣæҪ˵ױ۸ĻȷʵСģûˡ

ûãû̫
ң̶ͻ㿴˵ʲôױ۸ѵ۸𣿣һң¶û㻹𣿡

ܽĬʵĺ˵Ѿܿˡ
˰ɣİĹʱ˰ɣܿƣЩԼס

ԣ㲻ˣͲˣҪˣôԾôô޲磬ֺõȥˣһúõĹңô㿼ǹûУͲĺС㣬⵵£㵱Ժܼ޵ʲô˼ңҲԣῼЩأ㲻û˺·Ӵ˺ø㣬ðƽӣңظԶԺܽ׵ܵܣҲ㣬ôã𣿡

Ȼм䶼ڰ𣬵ܽȴˡ
ôͰôأ׽أ
˵ôͲˣ䲻ˣһԺòã
ûңҲȢ˵̼ĵĻܽæԼʵ뷨˵˳

󡭡Ȣ˵ȢãҪأ͵طӦܽһ仰˼ֱӽˡ

ţȢܽоԼֱͦˣ㣬𣿡

ܽ׵ܵܣȢȻ䡣
õĳ
̶ֻһ˲ܿͿˣôһһ޳ܵģǳٺãҲǺܵܡ˽⣬ûкóǶĺá
ֻ
ʣϲãҲϲ㣿

ֻ֪˼ѣܽȴ䣬첱ӴֵģȻϲ֪жϲңϲҪȢԸ޸ң

У
ûģȴҲܽ϶Լˡ
һŴȽĳû𴩣ֻǲ£ҲϵãϲĸҲͬǵ°ɣ

ĸ϶ͬ⣬Ѿ֪ˣӦòѡҲаƽѡ

ĸͬѾǴˣ̵ô죿ҿɸ˵ǲýȢãǾñǲͬСġ

ȻܽûС⻰̲ס׵ܵܣã

׵ܵҲ̬ȡΪãҲˡ
ֱ⣬ֱ۸ģҲίֱ

ܽûԼʵ뷨˵ֻ㣬Ҹ˵˵°ɣ
˵˽үɻ˵£˵˶˺Ͱƽ˽飬ֵܺ¡˵˰ƽϷҪңԼţôұ˵¡

һ׮׮һֱˡ
̫˼ĵûֻһҲ̫Խˡ

ܽûܵʱ䣬һף㣬һΡ

̱עʲôѵΪѲ壬Բȥģ

ܽʵһ֤ݶûУΪպ²֣ܺͣ˽ʲôʱеӦò뵽˺͵˽βˣĴǲǾǵϰˣУһ֪ǵ˽飬Ǻ˵ȥ᲻Լʲôأ
ò˵ܽȻ˵Ĳȫԣţһȴࡣ

Щʧȥĸ׵Ŀʹ࣬Ŷһֱֳ缺ʵʲô´ûæ뵽ϷϡϷ˵ҪСǲҲ֪࣬أ
δĸĸǲҲ֪

ܽϷǲ֪ġ
Լ뵽ϷˣܽҲæͣϾȻϷе飬Ϸ˱ȣ봦ںټպ˰ƽλãͰƽйأǲҪ˰ƽҲҪȥͶү飬ʱϷ˶ܵġˣᷴá
ɣһû鵽

϶֪ĸ϶֪޵꣬û̫ҽŬŬֻ˵㣬ֻ˵㣬ûûûô죡
ô꣬һֱĽᡣ

ܽûͼӴףϾûĶϷʲô
ϷܲܽܣϷܺúϵġ

һ󣬺ݺݲ˱᣺ҪΪﱨ𣡡

ܽͷҲȷ˻ейء

ɱ˷ϣҪǺйأɱݺݵڵ
ǵ׵˵Ļˡ

ܽҪǸйأǾȥͶɣ
Ҫ޹أҲͰˡ

ŵǱ֪

ܽһЦģûء
˵Զ֣ȨһȨƵȨˣ˭Ұ¶ȥȨ㹻󣬱洫ȥˣ˭ָأ
ܽģһúòġڣȥ𣿡

ˡ
ʶô˾䣬˲ֻĻ˻֡

ܽ˵µʱ뿪ˣ֮ǰ˵ĻȴţһֱΪܽҪôңҪôһӲܳŵôû뵽ܽȻҪȢȢţҲ֪ԼòǿЩİܽӷˣܽȻҪȢ˲ɣ
㲻Լܽǰ̵ܼҰȢʲô


ܽȴ֪ЩĹȻܸоں˵ʱ͵⴦լΨһ͵ģûˡ
˹Цӯӯ׼ģ֪˺ȴӴϣۿնûĿĵĿǽľżƵġ
ôˣŹغãܽڡ

ŷܽˣһ硣

߽ܽʵô㱻ŵˣ

ҡͷ

ôˣ
£ܽʡ

ҡͷ

л˵ȴ֪ôڣ

ҡͷҡһֵͷ

ܽʧЦû£˵ɣ㻹ʲô

죬ˣ磬㡭ĴȢң

Ȼģ
ܽͷ̶üͷһ壺ѵһֱҲȢ㣿

ûͷҲûҡͷֻǴ磬˵ģ㲻ڳ˶ү£ǴǰҲϵãǲܵİүϷ˲ͬģ

ܽ㲻Ұĸ׺СӳĸײǰƽˣȻҲãʱǻʲôܣ

㲻ãҲܣƽϷ˲ͬⰡ
úܽ˵ֻͨõڳ˶ү£ﲻǰƽˣҲܰ
Ϸ˼ĶС

ܽһЦģѾн취ˣ֤˳˳޸ҡ




95.   95    磬ң޸㡭

95
ܽн취
, ҲǸƽϷܾˣܻ˵øࡣ
㲻ܽдֻΪ, ΪģͲܿܽˡ
ԥһ˲, ˻ܽŵ, , , ޸㡣
û˵㣬Ҳû˵ܣ˵롣

, ĴһܽϵЦʱͽסˣ, ˵ʲô, û塣

ͷ͵øȴЩ, ҲᶨˣҲ޸㣡

Ϊʲô̷ܽʣǺġ

֪, 𰸣ɸʲôأ
˵ϲ
ܣ˵ҪͽʱĲϲܽѾ֪ˣټٸܽ˼ΰ, ˵ϲϲܽ, ˵ˣԼ֪⻰ٵĲټ١
滰ȻҲ˵
֪ܽжϲˣѾΪȢ취, ϲ֪޵ԭֻھܲһаѸĻ¶£ٶȽȢš
ǡʲôɣ

ĳĬܽ־ʹлЩ侲˽⣬ʹܲµԭˡٴִ֣ǲִȢ㣬вõӰ죿İɣģҸ㱣֤ҶȻȫȫβӰ춼С

ôأүѾ˻ˣبм䣬Ϸ˾Զܽҡ
ôܣ
ʲô취ܣǡТ£òܡ
ʵܽТԲŲԸܽΪТ½֪󱻳ڦⲻӰ;ɷƲá
ܽô˵ˣҡͷ˵࣬ǽֳɵɡС
ҲҾǲ޸㡣ᶨԭҲܼ򵥣ѾСҲŲҪ޸ңպҪŮ˵ðլЩͨҲŲҪôأ

ܽ綼Сצ۹ˣӦһ˲
ǡԴˣʣͬʱЩ֣СѾǺܾǰˣôֱڲųԴףǲǷӦ̫˵㣿

ӵĴװСǱһܽģҪԴףҲСԡ
Ȼô룬ɱģһ˲ɬܿͱѹȥˡСպܽҪȢޣҲиңҪỹ᲻ء
ǣҾǲôۣ磬һǸ檰ɣҲС

ܽ濴𣬷˵ľȻġ
ͷգһҲᡣ
㹻ã˿ǾǲĲҪȻôôԷƱԼԼ֮λϣ޲ðģôôͿԼ
ԭ򣬾ǲôۣ֮ſڡ

ܽĬʱͷĪĻš
ˣȴţֻӲͷƤͷǣҾ򵥵ӡ

檻ңܼ򵥵
ĸٴȣҲǽܲ˷иñԼص檻Ұɣ
ܽûЩֻҪûأ

û⣺ûʲô

ܽûңҲûֻͨһԸ𣿡

κһŮĳŵ޶ԣҲ⡣
Ϊ˽֪ܽܽ˵ȻԸΪһҪ
𾪣ҲжҪԼܲͷ˵Ը⡣
ͬҲ˺ܳʱ䣬ʱ̲סɬȻСܲҲ߰ɣ磬СһŮˣҪҲߣǲǡ

ǣ˵꣬ܽ͵ûֻϷƭġ

Ϸ𾪵ļ˵

ܽͷ϶ûϷҸû
˶ټֵ֨ǲţҿ˸ڻ赡

Ĭǲţܽ˵Ļûлɵʶ
ĬΪԭܽôԭ
ܿ뵽ˣ㡭ôΪҰɣ

Ϊ㣬Ϊ˭
ܽӺãҲЩˣԭΪͶһģ֪ڶڻɡϲһˣ᲻κһ㣬أȴҪԺ֮һ׼ԸС
֪ʵĽǶȿǣܽܣȴܡ
ô࣬ôϲ
㵽ףϲϲң⻰ʳʱһɶʹС

̷ˡ
֪ܽװСΪȴ˵ˡһģǲҲԴǾ̫Բܽˡ
ûܽɫ仯˵ʵʼҶֻöֳϲڵ֪ϲ֮ҲΪСΪҲԸֻҪǿҲӲԲŲò㡣ٺȷʵϲˣʲôʱʼģжϲǵڣҲ֪
ʵѾ֪ˡ
ֻѾѡ˶֮ǰʵʵ˵ھͲʺ˵жϲˡ

ܽĿֱֱϣֱŸոԼġ
һʼֻǶֳϲ̫⡣ΪвȣԲò
ܽû׼ȷ˿̵飬֪ѹ֪һ㣬ԹԼһֱû֮ǰйвȶòĸоһ㡣
˵
һֱҸжԾô࣬ԭ֮ǰȴǱвȡ

磬Բ𡣡ȴ֪Լ˿ʲô飬ʹάֲס沿飬ȴƫƫҪװûһǵͷʵ̲סת磬ûЪһᡣ


ģ˵Ļ𸴶ûأ
һŭƲסӿıӰܽѿھ͵ãȻˣ͵̧檰ɣ


ԼõĽҲΪܽãԼõĹˡ
ΪʲôĿȴôۣ۵ĿҪ߲أ
ֺ̧ݺ߬ס½ڣѰһƽá

ã
һã
̲ܽסһ˦Ŷ

űˤġ顱ֱ죬ۣӿ
ֱŲԶȥʲôûˣŲǿţһ侹ֱӹ˵ϡ
ܵޣ˼ɸҲͻȻȴֻһҳ
Լᣬǿ̵̿嶼ڶ

ʱûŲȴƿˡ

һΪǴ¶æǴ¶ЩˣȥȡЩ𻨸ɡ´¶Ų鿴æŵҪû£ͻȻһȥȡ𻨸⣬ЪЪͺá

ûӦ
̲סԥҪҪŤͷȥʱֻͻȻһֱһС̰һָ˻

𾪻ʧ룬æĿȥͿܽһ˫۾
󡢴磬ôûߣ𾪵˵ˡ

ܽߵģһŭ֮ˤŶȥȴôĲ¡
ǷĲ¸ովˣǷĲ˼ж̶ֻǸԶߵԺſˣת˻
һͿڵأ˫綶ڴޡ
ôһȻ޳Сèˡ
Ӳߵʲô

ҿޡ
Ҵ˸ɣҿΪˤˣۡ

й
ֱܽڲ֪Թɵģʵϻƭ˵ĺܡ
ƭϲոƭߡ
û˵ֻһ˱󷵻ذŹϣٵߣֱȹӡ

ɵˣֶܽˣûסһУ±æ죬ֻС㡢ʲôҪʲô

ܽһЦ˵Ҷеôֻ˵˵

֡ھҪ
Ȼ޷ܣҶ⻰ȷʵ˵ģݣһܽҪûʸܾ檺ң˵㣬Ǹѡ
ոն㿪ʱܽûץŲţ׹ֻԸǰֱܽ͡˵ʲôģɤȴ˳㣬һոѾͣ˵ҲҲ̲סδε

ֻܽûƿȹӣְȵпϲߣ¶ȷʵѾˤЩ׵ϥǣŵصûƭˣϥȷʵˤĲᣬȥʴҪЩҩ




96.   96    ֪ܽڡ

96
֪ܽ
, ֻǡȻѣԵĵĻ
뵽ġƭ΢΢Щ, ܽһ֣áûµ, һ, ˡ

ܽӸµĿ, ʣǸո˭Ϊˤ˿޵ģ

, һվһţǰһ˱סܽ, ˣΪˤۿ޵ġ

ߡܽŵ

ܽزˣҪŤŤհǰ˺, Ǿ̫ˡʲôܽѾ֪, ôǰҲҪˣ磬Ҫô

ܽԲ, ˵أ

ȻˣԲԣô˵, û̧ͷ

ܽҲ֪Ѿˣһ鲻Ըģš

Ȼ֪𰸣ܽ׿˵оǲһġ
ȥŤ͵, һֻΪܽĵЦ, Ц֮󣬻磬㵽ʲôúүϷͬҼ޸㣿㡭̫, ȥ᲻Ӱ쵽;

ܽ˵ʲôܲ˵Ļˣ˱ûţ㣬ȻӦ㻻ݣ˭ҵǧֻҪҿȢǱûҲȴӦ

ˣҼ١

ŮѾҵŮˡ֪ܽһ԰ƽûһ˿飬񣬵ȴŵĵûա

ݵǽˣϿ취бĵǣɴ磬˭ҵŮǿˣǡСûѧҹ㣬Ҳ֪ιٳְƽһңȢң޷һܵļңҲЩŴ󻧵ķСǽʣȢҿְܲûУȥܶ鷳

ܽû뵽ϿĽ취˵Ϊ˵˺Ϸ˺Ͷ˿ܻᱻ۸ܻܲסأȴİﲻ鷳
⻰ܽĵһ˿ҲûˣϲͳʱһһΪ룬ЩԺԲˡοһ̲סʱԼĵĴδ֣ﻹ˵ϲ䡣
Ըѧ𣿡

ѧ
ȻԸģ㲻ܽ޸κһˣԸȥѧܼʣһӦþΡͨ˼ҪͷӺͰƽҪδ˲ĿɲһɽһˮѧҲѧᡣ

ܽĵǣ㿴ңڷԭ´ʮꡣڣҲȲͬȼ˼ҵĹӸ磬ûһѧҶԣȻҲУһ˵㲻УֻҪѧ֪ţպ˰㣬ҲڱŪסҲˡ

ܽһ𳹵׷еĵǡ
ûȥѧô죬ֻᶨãȥѧѧ磬ңҿ϶ѧᣬպܰﵽ㣬ҲϺȣ

ɰ
ȫȫȫȫΪǵδ
ã㣬ȸѧٰɫ˽㣬㻹СأǲżǳɻҲѧܽ˵ƿָ˵¶ͷЩ׵ϥǣű𶯣ȥ˵һ˳Ҫҩҩ²źõĿЩ

קֲɣ֪ˣû˵ʲô𣿡

֣ܽЦ㲻Ƕ͵ˣ

Ӷĸɸɾˡ
˲Ϻˣҡֵܽϥû£ȥҴҩˣ˵˵ǲ治Ҹ£ͬһ𣿡
ȻѾΪͷ˵Ļˣ֪֮ͨ˵治ǺӵѡôںܽܵܣȻϣȢͨϵĺӡ£侲վá

ֻܷܽģ㱾ϲ㣬֪ҷ㲻ȢǶȻǼӱϲ㡣
ŲߣܽߴʱҲԱԸ˹ŷţ˵˺һĻֱ󲻵òˣŷԸ¶ȥҩ

Ǹҩһġ
ȻѾȥһˣƤۣſһ۾ţٿϥҲ׵ĸЩ¾͵һѴ¶򷢳ȥ־ͼŽ۸ˣ

ܽ۸ˣ
Ǹң˵۸û뵽ǲ۸ȥֻ֮ǰ֮ܽ䷢£ǲ۸ҡҡͷûУû۸ҡ

ȴش֮˰ģΪֺ𾪻ңԲûܵһʱشʱɫ࣬ܽ˵û۸ģһ֪̾۸ˡʲôС˼ϥŪã֪޳ܣȥкˣ
Ҫֲ㵱棬˼ţֱŶ£ȢģҿءУԺӺԽԽ㡣⻹ûؾͱģҪ˻ˣﻹĵλ𣿡

ҪܽЩƻԼԩ
ʲôôûõȴһñӣ
˵Ը׵ܵ

ȴˣҲˣƺվߵġܽǰܻȥҪˣǰȴУһ죬æûеģҺܺãû۸ңҲûҡ

⺢Ӷʲôˡ
˵ûôã
ǲŵģֻḧ˸ĳԺɵðæජŵ㣬ܽ۸ˡܽĺԺպ߰Ů۸뵽ܽĺԺɾ͹ȥСͷһ飬æùҩãҩ



ĻѦӾþû
û뵽ܽǴլΪ˰ţǼҲ͹ȥˡ
ǰ飬ߣ˷ģδҲ̫Ů鳤˵㡣Ͼˣ˳ɹңڡܶү׶塣
ƽҲ˼Ȼ¶ѹˡ
̬ȣŮĴȸôܽȻҲһŴȸĳˡ
뵽ѦǰͻȻֳ԰׽ӣԸ㰲һ£ҪܽǸá

ŵĺܿ죬ѦӾͼ
⴦լǰԼĪʮСһլӣѦ߼£ʵȫѦӵġˣѡ˸ڵһðݷھӵɣԲ赲̬ݡ

ǳŭʱӳĸܽܣҲұ¶ݣ˵õʱһɫࡣڴйһ֮Ե˺ŭһ˲תΪȻ㣿

Ѧ۵Ҳ¶㵡
ǽյʱģֱǱ˸ˡ꣬Ѿʪݲ԰㲣˶͸һӽģһ̫ϲģȴûգһȹװûҲûġգ͸ĳޣźնԱ̫ԣȴҪλۡ
ԭܴС㡣ܿ췴Ӧһֱӵݡ

һ
ղԸҸԱ˼ţձ벻ҲˡƽĴС㲻ڷҲңûţ˼ҲҪġοǳ˺һûõٱ֪һղȫЩ㲻֪ôѦӵĻˡ




97.   97    һ»ľ硭

97
ɫѿĳĬ, ѦȴûһǰλȦ¡Ƭ, ûпڵ˼ܼҲûиϲĴ, Цһ
̫ӵ, ͷһô˴ء

һֱ͵Ѧ, ͻȻһЦ, ±źݺһתǰֱʵ֪γƺӣ

ѦӵѦ

û, ֻѦӣϻڴҲСĳײ㣬л㲻⡣, Ҳлɡ

ôͻȻЩ
ѦɫСһ׮, ܴС㲻طϡ

ѦӲ֪һܴС, ľ³һ֣ûԵ˼, ⻰ȴë͵һֱӰѦӴȥ뵽֮ǰ˵סֻЪ뷨
Ժŵȥ
޹, ˼ȻѾ, Բ״Ӧɣ
ֻһ취ˡ
ܼˣֿѦӡ

ѦӶˣ㲻ʹɫ, Ҳ˻֡

ֻʣˣһſŵˣߵѦˣ΢΢һҪʲô

Ҫʲô
Ѧһ˲ãȻû˼

͵룬ֻҪ㲻ҵ˵ȥҪʲôֻ˵ֻҪܰ쵽Ի졣

Ѧ˼¾úЦüֻҪܰ쵽ҪʲôУ

Ѧӻݽ˿Լ٣֪ݽҲǵͷҵܲܰ쵽Ѧ˵Ĳ㣬˵˲㡣

ѦһЦͻȻ˶˼Ҫ㡣

Ҫ㡣
ƽƽһ仰򵥵֡
ˣȴԼ˻þƵģҪȻôô׵ĻشɴۣĿѦӣŸոԼˣٴʣҪʲô

Ѧûס⸱˵ģùЦֻԽЦԽڣææסٴε˵Ҫ㡣

ԼĶˣѦӵӡ
ҪʲôѾǸˣ˿ŭ

ģѦʱʲôû룬ҲֹˮƫƫҪʲô˶˵Ҫ˵˵ţüֱԴˣ̲ס˼Ҫ˼
ϵµĴţòĸˡ

Ȼ֪Լò˿ֱ䣬ȴˡŭѦƬ̣ǿѹͷ⣬㴩Ŵ磬źˣԱǸ󡣼ˣҪʲôŮҪοΪһ鸾ˣ˵˵Ц̸֮ǰҪ˵ЦһУ

Ѧ̲סЦˣֻҲ֪ЦգǿˣôˣҾƫˡοܴС㲻Ҳڷң٣ȻٲˡˣαͿƺ쳾ֲֹһˣңʵʲʲô


ûֱѦϵЦٺõĽ̲סڲԶˣ壬Ҷвأ

˾ûܵ˱˵Լеģο˻һ֮֮ϵ̫ӵ£ƽɫⲻõ̫ӣҲȻû˸衣
ѦɫһѪԣһ̣ͽһ𣬽˻

С

ƼҪͱѦӵһзŵˡȻ㶳￴ۣĿɿڴİŹˡ

ۼűϣĿѡ

ֻѦӾ͵ܴС뺰ôЩȫйŶλС㣬˵Ҳլһô۸İɣ

ã
Ļɤ
ܺº׻Ҳ֪嶯ҪѦļֱ޲磬úõòҲ˼
ÿŮҽϲŮ
ûŰ
ˣۣԭΪԼٲޣỹǲϵӿ˳

Ž߲Ϲᣬոջ޵ˣգۼΪľˣѦ̲סڣǲЦ̫ˣûġ
΢ɣɿ

ȴû뵽ȻˣǹӰȻڣţȴˣôǻ˵˿ô۸ҵô۸ˣо˵ѲһЦ㣿ԣҾǻЦ㣬ٲǶҲУ

Ѧҧˡ
һֻ֣ȥܼҸ磬ôûָŪأˣ£ŵһƵûĹˣ
ѦӱϾˣһǴСͺóԺúȺҩŵģ˾Ȳһµ׳ϽεεȴҲ׾ܽ˴ᱧ𣬽˷ٴϣݺѹȥġ

ϾǸˣ˵Ѧѹ̾͸ܵ˲Ծֱ˿Щţ˫Ѧţĵ׻ң۵ȴŲ䣬ڿѦûֵʱвˣ֪ݣǱ֪ҵܵܣƽү̫ܽӵЧ

Ѧ̲סֱЦˡ
벻㾹̧̫ӵҡ

˵˭
ô̫ӵ¶£
ѵӵˣ
Էɿתţ̽ӻôǾ̫ӵҲβ㣿Ҹ㣬ǿһ˳̫ӵ£ӸǻŽģ˭Ҷ϶̫ӵ¾翴ȥǰأʥϲΪ̫ӣվӣ̫ӵ£Ҳס㣡

û뵽ƽǸܵģһ˫Ůȴͦ
ѦӾãȻģô˼᲻÷ֵ˼ˡһЦ̫ʵϲ㿴̫ӣ

ǲ鳯ġ
ѾͶ̫ӵ£鲻飬һοҪ̫ӵѦأѦ͵һѦѵ˾
¶ֻȻοʥϵģ˭˵㻰Ŀʥϣ

ȻǿҲаɣ
ѦʣʵҲУ𣿡

²ŷӦӦˣⶼĸģװĶЩʲôĵƾҲ̫ӵᲢۣʶ𿪣ֻûȻ

ȻʲôѦӴҸ㣬Ҿʵô̫ܵӵأ

ʲô
㡭̫ӵ£
ôأ̫ӵôܻᡭ
ˣ˵̫ӵһլӣתָġ⴦ĪҲҵҲûӲѦĲҵˣ޷赲̬˽ŶѦ
̫ӵ
̫ӵô޳Ľ㾹
ѹԼϵѦӣôû̫ӵžšѾ̫ӵˣԲԸţԾǰҲǱĻӣԼҵܵЧҵģ޳֮

˼ﱩ¶ѦӼˣסӵҪֻһͷֻΪһֱţԼ˵ôʱĻҲԻš
뿪ҲΣѦѹȥ

ûס˾䣺

ȣȡѦεĸɿǿϣɾ͹˰

Ѿȥˣ

Ѧӣ
ܺãǾҲҶʲô

Ͳҵ֪ܵ

ѦЦ֪ΣҲ˵ˣ̫ӵ£һһ֮֮ϣ֪ˣҺΣ

˵ˡ
֪ˣҲȷʵʲô
෴ʲôľǺ³
һˣһɣҲ˲ҪͿЩûۻԼҿɵ𣡡

Ůˣ
Ѧҧ̵ڵѾ̵ˣһԲͣһק½ͷҲѾ£׼ȷҧס´

ǵģҧ󣬵ܽۡ
̵ģôû뵽Ⱳӻ£鶼û֣һлûܳ߿һоѾˡ̣ûסҲҧ˻ȥ

˭
ÿ֪˭
ҲǺˣÿ򡭡

˻˺ҧţ԰ʵʱͻȻѵ⣬һѹæȥѦӣɿɿңˣ

Ѧǿ̲ÿЩƽսϲ԰׵ĴմʺѪ޵Щˡܽˣ

Ȼ̫ӵ£ʲô֪
ûϣȴҵֻ֪Ҳúͽġ

鷢չһѦҲ֪ôܽ˵ֻԥһ˲͵Ǿ㡣

ô˵Щм
æ˻ԼĻãû¡Ҳ㣬Ȼȥæȥ㡣

ǲ⻰
֮ԻСѾ͵͵ȥţ˵İӴ˽ٿסŽţſվİĸߴȴʡµĿµϡ
˵û£
Юˣ
վŲãȻȥô˵ţȥȴ̷ԸܽĻȭŹѾߣȥȥ󴰣취ȥ㶨ǱǴ˲סˣؽ㰲ȫ

ѾӦˣȴְǱģ˾͵Сһɣūߣū²οū߲ȫġ

һҲǣӦˡ

˴ԺƵ󴰣ѾȭŹܺãжڼ䴰ӣְͽȥȻ˲Žȥ˶˶Ȼڼ䣬̾˴ΨһйǾģôҵȴû˱û뵽Ҫ

ѾǰճžͿٴϽһӰ룬ȴţҲš


С

æǰȥҲ˼д




98.   98    ǰ

98
ͻȻ, ѦӺĻҧòǰ

һξĿҧѦŴϻðѪ˿ŲԶĿɿڴ, бŶŨزá

ȴ˲ļѪǰһ̻ڸѦ˵¶ܽ, ֪һ̾ͽôֱײˡ

ʵ, , һҲȥˡκĵҡˣ㡢Ǽ
һһѾ, ˳󴰣ԭ·˳ȥ

ֻˣһ, Ѧǻٲ˼ȥˡǵѪ, Ѿ֪, 硭

Ѧ˵꣬͹Ͼܾ, ã֪˭Ȼ, ҲֻΪáҲٻңҲ㲻ʲô¡㲻ʲôǾͺá

ͺã
ѦҪӽ˼⻰, ɫ㲻һô˵, Ҫµң

ң
ǣû뵽ҵһ졣
νˣ˵, Ǿǰɣ
̫ӵ£ԺٵǻǧҪʲôûУҲǵ̫áʱӦȥ뷨뿪ǣҲʲô¡ҪýûһˣǨŭ¡
ҵͷ˵߰ɣҵʰ£ȥý͡

һͨٿ˿̴ϴѪǱģѦһйˡӦǰȴǵģǱ߲ų㲻ϢҲᾡ͵ܽܽܶү£Ҳæѹš

ʩв
ӶҪôͣûȥ룬ֻͷܵǾͶл̫ӵˡ

Ѧεҡҡͷ
ڴǿˣʲôŮӣһŻһѵԵŮӣе뿴гһĸԸضģ

Ѧǰߣž͵Ϣ
ûѣʹ˽
㣬ո˭ǡû˵ֱ̫ӡ

ҸղѾˣĲѵû´ֶҲʣǱҶ壡ѦӵǸõģֲһҲϲ

ǸѦ
Ѧǹգ֮һˣϲдȢ㣿ʲôʱȢ㣿ӦûӰɣ

̫ӻû̫
ǰǰţ̫ȥˡ
ûޣŮȴһѣԼټޣҲû޵ġʶԼȻЩһЦͲϲҲһʱ֮ȤýֺͷҲ֪붫Щ޹صĸʲô
ûޡҲ޸һأٲȥ˭ң˭ܼҸ˭ź򳤱ˡֻһסͷڿĿ֣˱һˣҲ͹ˡ

ոտѾˣû뵽˿ĸ𾪡ɴۣһŵǡҪ˺ô죿

ӣ
ʵϻҪһӡ
ֻ֣ѪĺӡڣԾúӿɰҲԸѦһѦҲģ
ʱҪӡҪպ⣬ټҲ١˵ʵ㾡˵ĵĻ

˵ƶĬĬʣˡ

ûˣ˵ҲˡҾ֪岢̫ã㲻õġ

Ҫ˵ǻûʲôɵĵˡ
ˡ
ʣɿ㣬һֱûޣǼңûرģ

̫ӵºԺ¶治֪
οҲҪֲĴһЦģûر谮ŮˡҲܿɿһֱĵġ

˵زˣֻףǾһʱɣͨûǱûûֵĺã˵һǱ谭Ҳġ

ôŽԸԼЦŴȤ

ʵûĺƤһ죬ʲôⶼʲˡ

ֵã֪ͽãɱˣһ㵱ÿġҺѦӵ¶ûͷǰɲ˵©졣

ܸܽ
æҲýдȥ̽̽

𣺡̽˵ǼٻҲ޷ڲԺֻҪܿãѾһˣײټˡ

뵽ܵˣһ̾Ӧˡ



⴦լһס£ڼ뿪ǵ˼ܽڣͷѦӾ⴦լǰ󶼰ˣǿġ
δ¶ˣֻܷ

£ܽæҪղܳһءѦⱾúæ̫ӵȴУվҪһءڰײĴ࣬ҲҹƼ⸱ģ𱾻Уֱȱҩ
һʱˣһѦˣҲɫ˱ȻȻǲˡµʲôּһѽҩˣ㣬˲ɣҩúܣ㳤ôţⱲӲҪӣѵҲںɥ𣿣

β֪ҩԴ󣬵ôأмһزȥҲԸѦӵңͲСҪУĲֹĺӣ
ǣѾõˣǱ߲ʲô¶ûУڽڸˡȻҲѦӶȷʵһʱ֮Ȥһʱ꣬Բ޲ͬοѦϲҲң
ĵ׵ۣЦ񣺡㣬˿ǰأȫ˷ˡİɣҲźûգôΣˣǰץҩǴƳҩ࣬ǶҲ˿ͷЩҩЧǲӵģɫҾոء

ô˵ǾòУʲôҩںȶõģȥˣ
û˵ʲôĵѾҪܽˡ

ܽȴʮղٴѾ˺Щӣܽ󣬿ƮϸСѩܽȴܸˣûϾЦһţһ߰ϺɫĴѵһߵҸϢ

ܽˣϳ㲻ڡ
˴멹ź󣬲ʣʲôϢôˡ

ܽ쵽ȥݺݴ˻أֱˣŰץסѾѼױĲˣһȥ㣬ֱȥɣٶȿЩǰ¾ӳˣ

ܽҵ常ĸǵʥ谮ãְֻȴиڴְܵʥĵĺöӡݵŮŮҲݹءҪܽκҾĸκҾĸ룬ܽҲݵŮ

Ѿݼ常ĸˣҲ׼ܽǰȥ£ûֻԼȥҸ
磬иһֱ㣬治ܲ˵ˡɫôѦӵ£ԼܣȻȱȫܽ

ܽĺܾöû˵
û뵽Ȼ£
ܵҪЩѺ룬ֲټޣҸҲֻ˵öԣֶȷʵܳںȣҪӿİ취ԼɲС

Ҳ˵ˣΪܽ˵֪ܽôɽˣѵ̫Сˣ

˵ѦѦʲôܽʡ

ҡͷ֪һֱƺΪѦӡûޣĸҲţƺ廹̫á˵ӦúܿƼңڼ˵㻰ˡ

Ѧǹգ֪ܽӵһȦû뵽ܶϺŵģ´ҪôûʲôȨĲңҪôͬѦͨˡЩνֻҪϲУܽЩֻһͷȥ̫ҽʣбĲıӷӣˣʺúҸ

뵽˵ĴƵҩ֮˵ˣܽȻʴҪһҩø̫ҽ

ܽͷӦ¡

Ϊ˸ܽ˵ʱ䣬ܿǱȻԼˡܽٿţҲú˵²ʣֻʴҪҩδ




99.   99    ܽףҪ㡭

99
Ůס

ܽؼ, ֪˰ƽϷˣԼϵļҹ˵λŮȴܵ۰, ˣ˳ģ毺, ڹܼҲһѺ֡

ϷȻЩ, һܽȷʵС, ܼûվܼ, ҪôԼܣҪôҪ˵ĺˣλȻϲ, òӺûܼҵŮǵ׿ϡ

ǵģү˻, Ϸ۶, ʶûʶˣͰźүˡ
Ҳ汻, ƽ֪ܺѾˣ˸ܺ˷ޱ, 涼ϼһΣֻܰԼﲻšȻ̲סص£ֱܽͬھ, ʱƽûѡ, ᲻ĺ̳к

ƽɲ֪ôģΪöġޱı֣ܺһ, ѾܺͶ˷ֿˣȻܺҲܰѾλܺ룬ϾԼ׶ӣôҲԸġܺΪүǺȻǿѹţܿó˸ô¶ֻҷ¡

˵ڣܽ˵λŮ˵ŮƯʱ򣬰ƽ¾Щëëġܿ룬ܰɣҲܽû·Ů͹˵ܳ׳˻ˣͲҰȢš
Ͼ޷ʱ̶źլ뻢ڡ
ԾԼˣƽԴ˱Ҳûʲôֻͷȥ콫ǵ°ˣһŮѣǲᷴԡ

ܽҲף˰ƽеӡ

¶˵ˣԸ֣ƽѴӴõı̥ҩȥ̫ҽȴû뵽֣ƽϢҩԵıҩֻѰĵӵҩŲûôࡣ
ܽһ룬µλѦͨĴˡ
ôԭҪиӲò޸ǽ壿ܽÿջһѦӣ˽¾ڱҩ̫ҽ˲̫ӵģֻȴȼѦӺپҪҪ

ڼѦ֮ǰмҪҪ졣
ŰƽһƵΪ׵ӺұѸ

ļױ̧ܼҴŵĵ֪ܽҪȢ޵ģ֪ܽδǳ۰Ů֪Ůˣ
ظµһ֪ϢģϢ󣬲ܽϣȻˡ˵ӿԹͺޣ֪ʱƽٰú¶үһ·˼СŴٰϷ

˵ǱģѰƽϷ˶ŵˣ³նһȦҲ԰׵˳Ƶģôһ·ܹģǺ˵ý

Ϸ˻ΪǶүʲôˣæŵôˣ϶

ûϷ˰ѻ˵꣬˾ͳŰƽŭôҵģôԺģ۵ѵûаĸӵλ𣿣

˺ðƽɫ䣬ŭһϣ㷢ʲô裿

裿
ǣǷˣҪǷ裬ôô꣬˺ӣҪǲ裬ôֺοڴ£ӭʣŸ˵ͷȴȺ˻Ҫ࣡
㵱Ҫ㵱Ҫ

ƽֻԼĴôûŪˣҪȻⳡ棬Ůʲô˵ˣⰲƽףɾ˵Ц
ߵǰһ߬ס˵֣þȫ߬ţҧߣ

ڶ˿ʱϷ˾;òˣٿ̬չֲϹﻹƽͶ֮䲻岻Ŵڴϲʡ£ýȢӲչʹӹͺһϣվסʲôѻ˵

ƽͷһæûʲô£

ҲҲϹ̬أϷ˱Ҳˡ

Ѿȥˣ㲻Ϸ˵ŭֻŰƽҪ˵𣿡

ƽҪѶϹͷˣϣ

ܽףҪ֮࣬ܽλ۵

ϷֱЦˣ˵ô
нĵճӣ͵֮λҪ
ףΣĽòԸȢޣϲ
ϣٺҲ˵ʲôʲô֮λ£˵ƴȥҲ벽

ƽҲٸϿڵĻᣬ˹ϵһһ֣߬ôҪͥڰϳȥ

ϼ״׷ħݺҧ˰ƽһڣðƽʹɿ֮ʣæ󺰵Ҫ˶үľܽĸҲ𣿡

Ϸɫֱӽס촽㡢˵ʲô

ϻҪ˵ƽ̧־ʹ˹ȥ

ȴûϵ˿һ֣ϻ
ƽŭɹȥɵˣܽǸʲô

ܽɿ˵һߣϵûʲô𣬲ȴ赭дŭģαżңǵøѵ뽫Σһôŵϱǲ̫ðɣ

ƽֱҪԼĶǲǳˣȻôô׵Ļ
ǣ׵Ļǻ˶˵ģ
ЩӻŵѲˣ

ЦˣЦƽװ׻ŵľǸСӣҲЦֱܽͰƽĹϵѾʲôǺˣܽݺݵ岻û֪ǺɫҲòȥҪȻôֶһŮˣֶľĸɻˣܽԼϵãְѵ׵Ķɻˣ֪Щ´˳ȥ㻹ʸƽ𣿣

ܽ˿ģʵ֤أ

֤ݣ
ЦδޣŮгһʣʲô֪ˣ

⡢ʲô˼ƽʡ

ܽûҲûϻشʱ䣬ֻûʸƽӣ˭ʸҵܺ𣿡

˵ǣŲǣʹ˶˵ģ˶

ܽȴûתѾĻĿҡҡ׹Ϸˣǰס˼ңĸܺ벻ǶӣǷϸҵ֣ǲţԵѪ飡

Ϸ˻ǵ˫ﲻϵҡͷȴһ䲻ŵĻ˵

ܽĸѾҵ֤ݣﵱ֮ԻѲȫǰݷͣĸʱǴᣬʱЩһʬҲǱҩ£תվŵѾ͵İƽԴ֮ãҲϼʣ˾ҩ

ϷҲŲס﷢պյ˫һ׻ȥ

ƽҲòȥ仹û裬ȴѾŭһƨˤ˵ϣ񿴶ǿ޲òϰ㿴ŷϣ촽ҶţҲֻʳһ䣺㡭㵱ҩ

Ǵȥʲô˵ˣûԼɵЩ˵û뵽ܽһһȫ˵˳ŵ˱Ƶģֱ¡
֪ܳϣκһֻҪϣֻ¾ûˣ
˵˵ϳ尲ƽҡͷֿܽѪˣ֤֤أ㡭֤𣿡

ܽȥϷ˷ȦҪ֤𣿺ãˣִ

֣
ɹʲô£ֿȫǶ֪ģôᱳ
֪϶Ӳˣ̱˵ϡ




100.   100    ׿˵ģ

100
ٰܽõʱ, ˴ˡ
ȻϷֳ޷ҲǱϷһ֡ܽڣ־ͻĹ·, ˵صһ´ȥ

Ϸ˱ȥңƽȥ˰á
ڶ, ֱֽܽ, һҩе˵, ԭҪɱﱨ, һ԰ƽõĺϷܽȻɱ̫ˣ˱һ, ý
̫ҽ˵ģֱϷ˺ͰƽܽͶȥ˶ǰŸսϷ, ܺžͷĳ˽

׵ڴŲʡ, ǱĻڵأٿܽеһ, ŭֱܺУܽ

ܺ룬ǰܽ޸С
ô, ͦġ
˵Ҫ㡣һʵ㲢Ƕ, ҵ, µ֡ڶ֪Ǿɹ, ڵʳҩѲɥĸСЩһʬͬҲǳ֡һ°ɣǾҵ֮֮ãҲ˾ҩ
˵꣬ܽҪ֤ݣȥ֣Ҳ

ܺ˴˵ΣգҴҸϻ˼ңȴôû뵽˵ţ֮ܽ˵Ķ£κҩʱûǲ֪ҩ䲻ȥģȴһڸƽ¾ҩ붼룬뵽ʱ䰲ƽͻȻ˲ٷǰƽӣҲпܡ
ǰû룬ڡ
һֱǴ󲮰ɣԲǰ㿴
ŻڴϲʡµĶүҲδһ̣ܺ뻹Ϊ֮ûгסֻܽվƬ̣ˡ



ĳű¶Ϸзˡ
˷ǿȴб𻰶˵

ƽֺã˻أûµģȴû뵽ڶ͵֪ϢһܺŶүԼܵҹ뿪˺һ˿ѪģǽϺСˡˣϻһݺ飬Ǻϣױд֣˽£
ǽıûʱƭȡģ
ӲűȢŮҲҪ뿪
ƽ˿Ѫ˹ȥѺԸȥҽϺܺ룬ȴ֪ܽѾƽΧͰúү˵ţϢ޷ͣ

ܽܶ
ܽҪȢҪ˲ٳ֣æѰʱȥ˰ƽ

ʧµŮٴγ֣ɫһƾ¹üáƽҲ˲ϼƽŮҵЩˣǰ֣ã֪ܵܡ

Ҳֱ֪Ӵϰƽ֪ͷĳ£֪֣֪֮ܺԻȥˣȫͷйأ
ûסᡣ
ԼССûô۰ԼԼ׵ˡ

ƽļɫվȺȴǴŭΣҲ׵ҪܽһǵТ˳д֪𣿣

⻰˵ʹ
ŰƽֻЩʧ㾹㲻֪𣿡

ƽ治֪
ͷϣƺϵƣûסΣԺôŮˣƵϳ˭˭úүѵ˯Ů˵ȨûУ
κϵǲ֪ݷϵġ

ۿŰƽǰζûеģҡҡͷתߡ

ƽٴǰץס֣

۵΢΢ɫڵĻȴȻĮ飺Ǹİɣǲܰġľȫ֧֡

ƽŭ죬Ҫֹϡ
㵱ûк¶ʮ꣬㵱ûηܽҲҵ⣬̰ˣǲңҲ֮飡

΢΢ɫ漴ȴǳǳЦˡ
ܽһ治ģܽվŵĿѦӡ
սƽߣ֪£ŮǺ˭һ𣿡ӣһֱȱҩģһģɵŵģ˭ĺӣ

ƽʵķ£ֻܵ㡭㲻֪ܣ

̲סЦҲ֪ܣѾˣɲͷϣһиһзȴƫƫ֣ǲǲ֪ܣ

ƽļǱƵģң

Σ˵ףԼأ
οºôӹ𣿾м俴Ϸϣ뷽ϰżң˲֪ٺôأ
ο㻹˾ҩ
ȻЩͬ鰲ƽܿһЦԼˡ
ֻʵ˵ɣҶĺ̫ӵµġǼͺ̫һϵˣǳȥӻӣݲ㡣ǴģʵʵڼҺͽ³ɵĺá

̫ӵµģ
ƽƽ̹ĸŵ̫ܽӣ

ʲôϵͲ֪
ٸƽ˷ʱˣΪ˵ܵܵΥĵˣҸ̫ӵమ޹ءˣˣǶʲôȱʲôǵý˸˵Һͽǲġ

ƽ֪Ůǲϰˣ˶һҪ󣺡ҽܺǶǲԸˡôѽץͬɣ

ҡҡͷֲϲαأ˵Ӳϲ㣬뿪ϲýŹɣ

Ӳϲ㡣
ƽûԼԽϵϲжϲ˵ϴӲϲǾĿͻȻûɵľһ¡
˵ʲôҶã

׿˵ģ򣬶һ˿һ塣ϰƽĻ˵꣬תˡ

򣬶һ˿һ壡
Ĭ仰ƽͻȻüͷ¶ʹ֮ɫһ͵³һѪ



ֱܽǰһ̤˰ãû˽СԼ˰ã᷿аùչ˰ƽң˰壬Ҫɻ鴦˴죬ǰƲֵĸо
Щܽ⣬ģǰƽ
˲İƽǰҲǷǱõ壬̶ʱ䣬岻겻ޱ߷ˣҲһȦ

ܽƽѵõľƽûԭŵ԰ţֻȴЩãʲô°ƽ

ܽûᰲƽĳƽ˵⣺ҳףĸӲһع֮ˣ档ǲǿŲ棬¶ڴϾЩÿˡ

ƽϵǱĥƽ˰㣬ǺЦһǿŲ棿ǿŲˣ̫أǴ޽òÿҺθɣ

֪ܽܺ룬Լ磬ûиϵ

ἰŮƽ˲͵һҲܽǸʲôǿ׵ĵܵã

ܽҴСڷԭ³ʮԶ쳾˴ĸҲû˵ĸоοܺҩѲĸŭǹ˼ŴҵĵܵãǺͷһȥˡ

ƽʵֱܽ˵Щ֮ǰûκδúүŮ˶ЩŮһЩҲϲϣԷ谮ЩҲûгޡκϱѲûֻ˵κϼˣκãʲôϵκϵɷֲκϵı
ܽ˵ܺ뼸ûκ˵ĸоܽ˵ǹ˼ŴǵܵãҪǵΪԼЩӣƽͷһλԼǲǴˡǴ˰ɣΪĴĺǼĿɳΪĴϺûΪĴĵӵŮȫģ㲻׵Դ
ã죬һġЭˡ

ܽΪѰƽһӦҲ˳ŵģܺҲΪҷּҶõõһݣҲϤ͹ȥº磬ԻõõǷݷָǲ룬⸮ҲǶүһӦǰĻ£ʾ⣬ǲ룬ұ㽻Լȥ

Ѿܺˡ
ҵ͸ôͷ̳ܽ˵ġ
ƽ˵ͷܽҪߣæʵǲǾд㡭ǲǺܺң

ֻܽش˺һ⣺ˡ
Ϊñĳ𶼱ˣõĶҲõˣİƽİҲ˶٣ײҲˡ

ƽȴû룬ֻΪܽǵ治˿һһҪֻҪܴӦңԺңұ㳹׽

ھڵ
ܽûѰƽֻʣʲô

ƽĶѽһ

ܽҡͷУҴӦĸװ뿪ġ

ҿΪɣƽ̲ס

ܽͷǵģԲС

ƽȴϷ̫һˣ뽭ϣֻʣһĻʲôһһʱ䣬ʲô
Ц
ƽѾ֪ܽ˵һˣֻһҼһ棬һаɣ

ܽԥһ˲ͷãǾհɣ
ⲻ£뽭ҲӦġ




101.   101    ϾǸֵð

101
컹ûͱ¶, Žճҹ˯ţ۾Ҫֻ¶Žױ, ֱһ꣬ױ̨ϵͭӡŴµò, ųѹ

, Ը, ŵݸ𣺡еæ۵, ȳԺڲ裬ݹؽ, ٽܽ׼Եģ

ߺӹл

ͷ⺢, ˵ٴ, ֱӽĸס
ֻһӣƫӶʮ˻Ȣ, ûϱ׽ŵŮ, ͦϲģദ˼ϲˣֱ޲Ů

ԭǲʵģϾŮôµ, ܽԭԭ߹, ȫκҾĸӰˡϣŤвʶ̧֮ӣ˱Ľˣĸ, л㡣

ɵӣ˭Һӻôлĸ׵ģ
εЦϲӣû˵

¹үˣСѾ߼

ӴӴÿ磬ʱţɫЦ죬ߵͷҪ̧ˣǰǵİʲôܽãø˲ǡԺ󰡣ҹŮˣǸҶ㲻ãҿɲ

лĸסЩ˵

֣ٶЩӣϧûҾ룬ܽҲˡպпգҪңԶΪ㳨

𱾾͸мټϣҲ̬ĸ׷ģҶᾭġ

úӡЦŵͷƼһϲܽӹһϲϲͷϣˣȥɣ

ݱ常ĸϰ̧ΣλСǣֽ˰ƽ
裬ݸã޶԰ݣ붴
ϲӳģܽЦüۡ

ŵĶʱһһЦС硣

ܽӦһס֣𡣡

꽻ƺŽˡ

𾪵һ´Ӵվ𣬼ǰ˽ϵ֡

𳤴ˣҪˣƯ̾ӯڽޡ

ȦҲˡ

ϼˣæ۽ǣϲӣɲ˿ް
ⶼˣٵᣬɾͲˡ

𱾻סģһ˵̾͹ˡ

Ǽ޹˵ģǶڵʲôģܼõķңҲҡҾҵ׽㣬պ۸ģһͲ

һĨᣬ̲ס粻۸ҵġ


ֱӵܽһۣƣƭʲôˣ

ܽȴǵЦˣϳŵĸģһúôġ

Ȼܽ
ܽСźãȻֻиáֻٺãŮվҪˣٲǰһлϥ£ˡ
ǿûᣬЦŵ˵ͷ

Ͷڵţܽʺ϶һϾ˲ȥˡ
к飬ȥܼʺ¶棬ֻίܾˡԼȴίǸúͨ͸ˣֻҪŮܹúãܽ裬Ҳʲô

ĸĸŮʱ䡣

ϺСסܽµׯϣȻǴû֪ݣܽȥģׯӵ˶𾴡Ψһһ֪ݵׯͷңǴϵΪȣׯûһǹ¶ĸ۸ġ㽭ׯϵѵһĴˣҲûһҶ㲻ء
δʱ̼С㣬˺ӣׯϣȴԸũׯͷҪССһأҲָׯȥֻһСԼƽԵزˣһʺׯڣ˼ֻֻѼԼһͷ
ճϢ߻Ѿ߰չСǰδе㡣

Ȼʹܽе֪ʲôˣ׶˵ٿϺЦģǵһ㣬Եľ㡣

ǿˣѾǺˣҲ㹻סԡպϲģҲټޣҸ֪֪ȵСҲ϶⣬ֻ˳Լģÿǡ

ȴЦҡͷĿƿմˡûܱȵùģⱲӣǲԸġ

֪ãǰõʲôز
ԼҲϲˣ˵⻰һˡ
ǵģÿ˵ﶼһˣϱκ˶Ȳϵġܽģǵ
ã£ҺСТ˳

ϺЦͷ
Ů׵ĴϲӣۿѾ㹻˵ԼֶҪúúܽӣҪߡ

ᣬ֪Ҳֻˡ
ҲὭﲻ㣬СҲһն˽ء
пվȥ

û뿪ƽĴ£ȥ˰á

˰ƽǿŲ塱ӦһѾˡ
֪ܿҪϣЩڽ֮ǰ̲סܵԺſڣԶԶƼŽʱæܻϷ

ֻ͵Ϸſڣȴﰲƽ£Ҷʲôģ㲻ԼҪӺһŮء
ģºȴյص
Ҳ⣬ֻЦʾ⽭Ͻȥ

ϸмĳ˵ͷ̧Ž롣
סһ࣬뿪Ų̤꣬룬ޱİ
ûĴѰϤļ䣬̤ߵȦİƽǰһ񣬿ĵү

ү
Ǻôһķޣ͵͵ȥģܶô룡
ƽһӵŭ𣬵뵽ո˵Ļѹסû
̧ͷȥͼʱ䣬ԭЩĲĸˣ½ʱҪˡ
ƽЩʧ񣬼̶ŭȥתΪܡ
ˣ϶һ˿Ҳޣ뿪øˣ

ƽ˵ϱҲԡ
ƽ̧ͷȴͷԼĽš
ôĬһӣʱ䣬ڵү£񸾱ȸˣлС໴벻񸾡

ƽûû˵ͬҲû˵ͬ⡣

ϵƬ̣һתߡ

ڽһֻ̤Ϸŵ˲䣬ƽ͵سݶ

ϽŲһ٣ûͷֻͣµȰƽҪ˵Ļ

ƽȭƽһβٸ߸ϣƽһζһŮ˵ͷݶ˵ӴԺ߳ˣӴԺҶúô㣬СҲ㡭Ը𣿡

û˵ԸҲû˵Ը⣬붼û͵ֻһˡ
˵ٲͣ󲽳š

ſվţûϽϵĽŲߣǷ￴ۡʱ߸ϵĸףűʹĿһԸߵŮˡ̫ˣʵʶЩǲģˣһ̣ȴ񿴼ЦˣЦƽҲһա
ʲôû˵
ֻ׷ϵʱ̲ס룬ȻĵˣܸమһһСһԶŮⱲӦҲֵ˰ɣ
ϾǸֵð




102.   102    С㣬ܳ׵ĵڡ

102
, ܼҸܽޡ

ҹЧԧ죬, Ъգ

Լûô˯, ͸սĴ, ȴѾ, ȴһ;ɢ˼ֱ, һۣһᡣûסֵ˴ϡ

ܽնʱۡ
ʵ, һյڻȴͷһضˡ̰һ̵, Լۼ, жۡ
˷֧ģ, ͵Цȴż, Ъɣ

˵Ĵֺبǰ»ڣûס˲ֻ뵽ѾǷˣ仹ϰ, ûܽÿ
, Ǹȥˣüء

ܽɫ, Ъ

ȷʵʹܽ˵ģûֻûƬ˵Ĵֿʼʵڶ΢ȵϢҲˣһ׽ס˵֣ᶨɣĲˣǳٳٲ˿Ҳ񻰡
䲻ܽӦҹ˼ѾҪܽ´
ֻ̫żҲ̫߹Լ㶯һǣżۣһӾ˳ȥ

ܽۼֿ죬Ѹס
㣡ʲôһܳ㣿

Ҳˡ
أֻһ⡣
︹ţֻǿЩϴȥ

ȻˣЩȥҲá
Щ¶꣬ҲЩЪš
ܽİڴߵϣһдһű𶯣ȥˮһ½ⷦԳԼĵӾ͹ȥ

˻裬ױʰãһЩ˼ڲ裬ܽ㲻ԸԸֱǣֳˡ

ϴʾܾģ˼ͷˡ
Լ·䲻⣬ʹǺܲÿġҶǱ˱ЦǻЦء

ȥٰãϷ˲Ը
ſڴ˵Ϸ˲¹˲Сޣֻ侴˲裬˽ȥˡ

үһҶڸүȴ˾衣
ү˵䳡滰֣úӣԺúúͽദȡΪܼҿ֦ɢҶ

⻰ûӣɬ״ͷ

ܼҵݼȣͺܽطˡ
˸ճɻ飬һ絽ڶһܽϸȥɻˡȴȥò׽İĹȢؼңԺܹϦദԶӵһʱһҲԸֿ

Ѿ˶յ֣ƽֻٴȥæ
ӵĴ£Ҳֻұȥ

ݺûһ˯ˣ緹ûԡ

ܽʵۺˣС˽ţ˯˰ʱ󣬵ױ˱ȥæˡ

һ˯һʱǱѵġ
¶ڱϣˣһСѾȥ˷һźⳤһ𻺹ˣϴãСѾһѷºܽȥĶˡ

¶үȥǰͷæˣ˵


ھͲܳԶˣһӾ͸óˡ
ƽϤİƽֻסԺܽҲûʲôϰߵġ

շ¿ӣСѾ߻˵Сˡ

СݻܽͨΪͨĸźȷݼֻĸ˻ͨģôͰԼȴЩعˡ

¶ͳС㣬Сʵ̫ˣ
үһŮ˵ôǵһҲͨԼС㲻ϺĲ裬һӶͨ

֪ʵ¶֪
Ҳ˵ʵϾСҲ˵ܽûġֻĴ¶û£Ҳûֵܹġȥ

ûֵܹģ
¶۾һæЦȥˡ

СȻһһжΪ
ūСˡǰȴܹ

̧̧֣ɣ

Сĵһ£صֻӵһ߽ǡ

ʣң𣿡

Сæػū澡ûûС

Ȼˡ
ʲôѾ֪ܽˡСûеõܽѵõģ֣ƽȴΪ֪֣ܽƽðŵСÿûҿڶѡ
СŽе뿪ˡ
ûڣһûУҵССҼ޸ү㲻ʺٴүˡ㿴ȥׯϣǸгȥҳ·
ܽ⣬СҲֱ͸֣ƽ
Ҳ˵˻ôܽ˵պ˱ô˵֣ƽС;Ҫ˾ףǱİѱá

¶°ͶҪˡ
û˵Сڣ͹СС㣬Уа
ȻˣȴҲ֪˶ԵһŮ˶ȻǲһģүϲԼС㣬ԼСһСүҲҪģ

Ŀ֣ûµġ

ôû£
ôܻû£
¶ö˺С棬治˵ʲô

Сȴ˵ᶼҪˣͨһ£޵ūūȥ

ףԸ¶ˣȥȡʮƱСԭеһӦϲߡ

ϵڱ
лˣлˣСžžવţŸͷ

ʾ¶ˣȥʰɣʱˣסһԼʱ߰ɡ

Сһߣ¶һ潫ŹϣһѹżС㣬ܳ׵ĵڶվͰС߰Ҳ˵ȥҪ˵ƶݲˣүСģô˵˵һˣ֪Ҫ˵ģ

Ŵ¶żҵģ𵽵͸¶ЩҺү˵ˡ

˵Ҳܡţ˵ˣͷϣ¶еûӦүô˵ͬ𣿡

ͬġȥսţкöණû

¶æϣﻹ룬Сǵһүˣүôᡭ͵һСô飬պԼС㣬үҲôɣڲ鿴ױ¶æַ뷨ĲģȻСүһŮˣүϲԼС㣬үΪȢԼС㣬ǿǰɽˮء㲻ײŽȢϧġ

ûʱȥ¶˼
£ֻѾߣõľʹ¶һóȭŹҲܶ˸赹ˮԴ¿±뾡ļױͷԸ¶Ƕϣ׼ˣȥ
ڴ¶˵ĳ׵ڶվͰС߻˵ƶʣʵ£һ˽ϣܽ߾һϻʵϡһôܽҲþǲ֪ܽΪŸı˰ƽԺľƣƼˣֻ¾𾴣˽ҲǴǰλ˿ӵС㡣⸮֪ܽʲô̬ȣ˵ֵмȣպѸ¶ץǾ͸鷳ˡ




103.   103    ̾һ̶ˡ

103
СǴһ뿪ġ
¶, ʵͷһ¶ȥ˷֧ƱС˾Ͷ֪СҪˡΪܽĵһŮˣŽ, ûůȺأʰС, һ˶ڵſЦ 
Ȼǲûȵ
С뿪Ƕĵһѩ, ƮƮ˾Ӧúܴ, Ȼؼ, ˵°ѩ֤涼ûӵʪһ¡
֪ܽĵλû˸ˡ

ӱҪù̫̫ࡣ
ϷȻԹ, ȻѾз˼ң޲ҪȻŸ֪ܼ˭, , Ҳȥ¡
ƽǱŲܳ˰ãȻܳ, Ҳ֪ǲǱϵġ顱ˣǲԸ, ȻҲ
үһѾ˸үһң˵Ϊ˰ܽװܼ˷ǰջ, Բ¡

ûг, ûжūַܽ޶ͣӹ˳, ĿϡƺЩԲˣˣƺеˣΪ֤Уһʱ뵽ⷽ档
ܿ뵽һֱںȱҩ
ѵǲˣ
һ뵽ܣסˡ

ȴû뵽ܽˡ
ϸ̫ܽҽʱܽǰŽţã˱˷ˡ

׽ˣ˵ˣãҴˡ

ߣܽͣ˿ӡ

򾪵Ҫȥ㣬ļң

ŵܵܵõķӦԵЦˣǱţҲҪ뿪ҳȥŻҲǾǺҵĹʺҾôֻǡǰֻѭ浸ҵܴС㣬ҶǺˣٲˡȥ߿ܡȥຼɣòԶ򻷾Ӧöܽܡ

õ֪ͨĿǣܽȻó
ܽŴû֨
ʳ˵ǣ㣬ŲڼңǮ㣬·;ңԶ¶ޣġңѦҲͬ⣿

΢£̶Цһ𡣡

ѦҲȥͲ֪˵ʲôˡ
˼ãԼһȥ߿ʵûĵȻԾӦü޸Ѧӣ˳ĺѦӳţһԸܽҲ֧֣ᣬδ˷ˡ

ܽĬһ˲ǰѦҡ
һֱæû˵ϣܽڲŷ־֪Ѧӽʲô

ǻɣº͵ЦţѾһȥˡ

˵ˣֻܽӦ¡

ܿ죬˵Ҫߵĵһ磬ʹŴƺһ֣ܽǿӲŵĸԺԼһԳ޳ˡ

һߣǳ׿ˡ
ܽŰµֻȥѧܼңѧŽʣ黭ѧˡһȥܽȻԽԽæˣȴҲģΪѾܼ򵥴ùܼҵĴСˣŽţҲδѾռ󲿷־ȴû뵽ײ£һ׼¾ûʱֵһ£̫ҽһϲˡ

Ϣ𣬻ֻҪÿվ͸Ųͣܽ
һպôݻʮǰȥҹͣӱޣڽҹϵǣûȥ˼ҡ

ʱѾ˯ˣЩȣȴֻ̰˱ˣ˯źֽŶ¶˵ҲקСһЩϰȫ¶ͷء

˯ſҪġ
ܽƼ˲ȥϴȰѱӸǺˡ

ƺ˯ҲܸоͻȻˣӸɸǺãܽûתأ͸һѳˡ

תһܽΣֻת
ٴȥԣǺñӣϸˡ

ԺΪһƿҪ

Ƣ
ܽʧЦһ̱ͷѰ̺Ĵ
շת࣬ࡣ

˯б˶죬òۡ
ۺЩԺ֪ںδȴܽȥˣæһѹ͵ץס֣ܽصУ

ܽɿЦãȥϴɾ


ʮյķڻˣĺϢû˵ߣЦϴɾҲУ

ϴɾҲУ
ܽϸɫɱСǲˣҸ㱣֤ˣٹ£һоͶ᳾䶨ҡ

ǲǣסܽ죬˵Ȼڼ֮£ܲ黹ǲĺá

ܽ׺Ϳˣôˣ

קס֣֮ܽСԼĸ

ܽȻûӦ۽üŵЦ׹վȴȻ𸹲һŶ㡭𣿡

ţѾˡŵĺƵġ

ѾˣܽȴûһЦ

أӺܹԣﻳСǰ˺öΣҺöζŲáҵȴһζû¹ҲûʲôζŲõģǰԵĸˣǰԵҲˡ֪ôҽһӣأǰϲӣ߶߶˵˵̧ͷڿܽһЦⶼûеɫʱȻֹ

ܽˣЦ
ɻѾĸˣȴһζû˺ӻΡԺУȻǺϲСӣģӦϲģǻġ
ɡֻҪһ뵽ӣͲ뵽СʱΣգͲ뵽ѲûͲ뵽ǸΣǸһʬΡһʬһ룬ܽͨ

Щ˵ģܸ˺ӣܽĺӣԭΪܽˣΪôϲȴû뵽һ㶼ˡ
ܿ뵽κϣ뵽Сʱ
ܽӦǵȻеΪίȴˡס֣ܽ磬ûµģһܽƽǵĺӡѾڸˣҴӻеûܹңټ㻹̫ܰҽҺͺӿ϶ƽġ

ȷʵôһΡ
ˣ˵ļѵҲ˸ҩ
ûУûѲǾ岻ʺˡ
֪ܽ˵ЩŻֻǿЦ£ȥϴһ¡

ͷ
ܽȥ˾ңȥп㡣
̫˰ɣ˵ȥϴȴѶá

ܽƽʱϴúܿ죬һӣԾˮ
Σֻñ˽ȥ

ܽеҨˮϣûŲֱߵԡͰˣ͵طӦӦһѷסֱۣôˣˮػúܣǻô죿
һ˵һ̧ųԡͰ˲ԼǹţҪȥ

Цãæסûû£촩·

գһܽ㲻ʲôҲҪ˵ʲôˡ
ڣһĵУҲģҷ㵽ſڡ

Σֻܱų˾ҡ
һվ̷һƣ˯һֵˮһ죬æЩ·ϸˣ

ܽܿˡ

ϴϻţС¯һһѱסˣһε磬ģûµġ
˵Ůһ̤Źأ󲿷ֻջؽŵġ
⻰ûҸܽ˵ܽˡ

ܽ͵Ӧס
ȴ룬ý֣ƽȥкõҽţչ𡣻вţҲšôҲֱƽսи򿴣ÿʮյһ̫ҽ
ô˴죬ֱ˯ˣͣ¡
ۻ̾һ̶˱ֽ˵㡣




104. []  104    Ҳʧȥ㡣

104
ȻûҪ, ֪ܽǵģˡ

֪׵ģδ׵, С޶Ĺԡ
ǰԵҪôµȥҪôζ, ǿڳԵľòԡڻù, ϴǰࡣ˺, ҪôҪôǳܹ, еĶӴ˾ҹ˯ܷż˵Ķۡ
Щһû
һû£Եĺ˯, Ҳ۳ܹҲûоôԼûôֺҲ󣬶ССɵ, ǰĺܡ

ҽźʹ֮ء
ȵ, ŶǮ׬Ҳ̫ˡΪλӷ˴˵۵СүҲӵʱ, ǸշԸ˰Ѹ׼׼ãǱ߻˵Ҫӷ뼦˿, ӷ˾ͰѺˡ
װ׾ĴСӣǶ뵽Ǯжˡ

ܽĲ֪˵ʲôˣѦѾǻΪۣյ±Ҳæû찵ءҪʥּ˵, иò, ֪·˼ﱨŵˣϵϻŸս, ͵һ乧ϲ
ŵĿˣʣ˵ʲô

ΪǸɵˣЦϲӣ˸Сӣ

Ѿˣ
ô죿
˲ܽȥܽһקס˵½󣬽ŵڷˡû°ɣ

û£ĸƽ˴

ܽЦȴȦ
ͣҲˣÿǮ
ɿ͵ͣſȥָ˵㣬ʮ˷˸Ҳ㣬ֱ֣ƽȥ

˸ɵˣæ¾Ϳͷллͣ

ܽȴѾһ·ɱԺȥˡ
̫ˣ߻ûʰꡣ
Ҳܣ˱ֱҪ塣

æǰۻ࣬㡭

û£æţҽȥ˵꣬ܽͰסֱ۽һߣƿŽȥˡ

ԭת˰ȦվȽţվȺŲ¹ϵţ̲סⲻҶӣθ
θҲû÷ӡ
˰ˣҼθȢ޻Ҫʮأھ졣

ջϸɾѣȣӺݳһǼ򵥲˲˸ɾѣһͷʪͷҲǸմˮ̳ƵġãӻеھһֱûǺѿģܽͻȻ˽Ҳû̧

ܽſһĻһæһǰץס˫ۣôˣô𣿡

뿿ڴӭϣܽ΢΢Ҳʹ֡
˳ҲǴӹŹһ⣬ʵûʲôΪһ۵̫󣬲ų緹һʱֶˡ
ֱקȥԱҶˣ

ɫЩĹȵİ쳣ܽ˿תͷͷԸ¶ȥСЩԵ

¶ӦҪȥ

æҡֵܽȥȥҰѳԵĶ¶¡

ȥ
ܽĿ¶ѯʡ
ԸΪ£ո꣬ûҲûǵĺŶԣûǵĺӡ
ӵӵУãȥûʲôɣɽҽſˣ

ûвҺܺãȥҶأһߡ

ֻܽȥС
С罫Եıأһȥһ뼦˿档
Զż˿ȴ⡣

űźӵſڣȿӣȴ̲סЦүżͷģϲϴأԵһȡ

֪ܽΪʲôȥСҪԵģ֪Σһӣǻ˿ͷ治ÿǻ
ֻ֪ϴͷˣȻǾɣ
˿潻һѾߣܽȥװ׾СޣССһ۾죬˯˯ģѪԵϵɣֻһܽľˡ

ƣǵСүúأ˴չ˵

ܽûԼǾöӵıüëãӣδҲǸӡ
ӦòȢ϶ϱˡ
̲ܽסЦЦ˵ܱ𣿡

Щȡ
뵽ܽں־Ҳ˭˵Ȩ֮ҾûдȸأǰͣȻԣүУǵҪסСүͷ

ܽСӹӡ

ƺǻ˱ŲˣСһҪޣ۾Ҳ뿴˭ôᡣȿܽСޱ죬ѿ޸סˡ

ϲӴӴСү֪׵ڱأ

ҲȻǸҿƼˣ

ܽҲ̲סΨ¸ң

Ψ
⺢ӽΨ
˸Ҫʣſˡ

ܽСΨ̧žߣֻæ½ŲСŸ䱦Ƶģ̧Ž˲

ţͷ˵Ľ뵽ԼҷԼҲãЦЦߵ˵ȻӻˣҾȻȥˡʲô¶ֻҡ

ܽСΨ𿴣ҫޣƼҺͲˡ㿴ϲء

ܽ˵⻰ɾ뵽ǰϲȴϲϲĲ˵ˡ֪Ϊ˺ܾõģûܿ飬ϵȻ
Ƽܽźϲ᲻ֵģ̲סԭ㻹أ˺ӣ᲻÷ˡҲĺӱ

𲻹һ˵û뵽ܽȴ֣صȻǶƽһΣǻԥ᲻

ֱڲŸ˵ʵûôΣյģȻ˵һֻ̤Źأ϶ջղģһǧҲδһ

̵ܽһǧһ
һһ˻ô
֪ΪʲôǵĺΨ𣿡ܽʡ

˵϶һ޶Ψһ¸ҼǿԼķ𣿡

ǲԼں˵ġ
ܽһЦҡͷԭΨһĺӡ
𣬾ûôΣգҲȻ˺ӶƽһǲҪˡ𣬱¶һҲ£һ޷ܡҲʧȥ㡣

㲻ʧȥңҲͬ
ֱһ̲⵽ܽжô£ǲϲӣҲǲҪӣֻʧȥ֪ʺСС¡
ȻϲӣѾΨˣҲԡ
ǲܰܽģһҲȷʵͦõġ
ãǾͲˣֻҪΨһӹԼţͷ¶ӽ۵С磬ģҺΨԶ㡣

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