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İ
ԴԽصʲôʱ
ǴĵʱЩ׼У
ǸʱŬЩȥõĴѧ
пʱԼȤѡտ
ٻСѧʱͺҲûмĺǶཻЩ
΢ֹһ˼⣬ȴһֱûõĴ𰸣ֱ
һͻ˹ȥ

ݱǩ
ؼ֣ǣ΢·  ǣȻ賺  
һ仰飺Խһʱ
⣺Ųڵഺ 



1

ԴԽصʲôʱ
ǴĵʱЩ׼У
ǸʱŬЩȥõĴѧ
пʱԼȤѡտ
ٻСѧʱͺҲûмĺǶཻЩ
΢ֹһε˼⣬һֱûõĴ𰸡
΢㣬Ҳ̫ˡ
ţ·СġڼӰ΢Ƴһ۵Ļ½ǵʱ̧ͷ뿪ͬ΢Цһ¡
ʮ֮գȴҪһڹ˾ؼӰࡣ
ǳΣ΢뿪˾ʱѾȫˡ
·ϳˮޱȣ˿̵΢ֻоûɵĹ¶
Ϊ͡
ʱ˿̺Ȼͬܡ
¥ţЬ
΢ķһССûеݡ¥öģ͵ˡ
Ѱӵɳϣ΢·ҲûһɳϡǽϵʱѾ߹ʮ룬û
붯
Դڱ΢ʹ˯ȥ
ͺˣɲᱳʹȥϰࡣ
Ӻ΢ĥĥ
·裬󷹡
΢վڳһ߿Źһȥƻͨһܰľ
극Ѿʮһ࣬΢һ
мʮӾԼˣ䵹ҵϴθ˹ʣûõִӱóûС⣬ʰһ£΢صƵ򣬿źڰǵ΢˼ǧ
һʮ㵽ˡ
ԸĻڣ΢С̨
ҹɫãǵ㣬΢
ǿٳС⣬ӣ΢ԼҪˡ
տ֣
΢΢ЦԼ˵
ճ˵Ȼǲ˯ģվ̨һ£΢طǰϰԵ̧ͷһۡ
ǣ
΢ֲˡضҹһĹ⣬΢ǵĴ˵
ԸԸͿʵ֣ˣ˼·ʱôԸ
ô룬ôһĿǵ΢Ǻı۾˫ֺʮ
ʲôԸأʱԸһھΪ֪Լ׸ʲôԸ
ÿ·ְн˧ѣ
ԥ˼ӣ΢֣Ը
ϣҿԻصȥ
صûֱʱ䡣
һ̣΢˴𰸡
ԴԽصʲôʱ
صʱ䡣
۾΢ЦЦŮܴʲôżЩʵʵĶ
̧ͷԭĿǷԶ΢ȻǿƺıԭȵĹ켣Լ
ۻˣ΢㶣ۿǴһСôôҵԼһ¡
ۣ
Σ
ܰ
ôͷһַ΢ԴһŽܵҪط̨ô򲻿˴淴һ
ΧԽԽյķ·죬סûע⵽΢л̨˸ֻȥˡ
ֻԼܿǣ
΢תͷȷһ飬ȴǵĹ̵ı۾
ҵհ
ûһ룬΢ô뵽

·һƮƮ飬ʱĺУ޾˳ź֪ĵط
΢оԼһΣĻˣһƣһôȥ
λͬѧ׼ˣ㷢ʲôأ
΢ԺתǸûĴУŮ
ŶŶ΢֪صͷ۾ǰȥ
۾һоģ˵Ƭһ㣬ãָɫʱ
һٳ
ٳʦѧ΢ӣڻԼеУ԰
ʲôĴԽ˰ɣ
һ߹۲һԼһѣֵĸоģͦЩۡ
΢ͷԼԲĸ첲
λͬѧ˱ˣղǸŮ΢˼վֲˣüһ£ϽҶϢ
õĺõġЩ㲻״΢æͷ˳УŮָһŮһվ˲ٳϡ
ܲԣ
΢ŬӼ˰죬Ǹʲô
пֳ
ĻˣǻصҵǶʱ⣡΢ɵǿǸʱֻԼһԸͰˡ
֪ڹԽûкԼһֱӴԽֳģ
ó
Ҫ֪еʱ΢Ǹ֪ΪĴӰ
΢ĺʹ
΢ڵĳпȿ
ֻȼһпܳɼΪ¼ȡĲο
еѧУĹ涨¼пѧ統΢ԶС
Ϊ΢ڲٳһ£쳬Ҳǿǿ뼰ߡ
΢оԼҪ־Ըˡ
־ԸǸˡ
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ܲ죬ϰ˾ʮȻְһٶ΢ֻо˫Ǧһ̧
ͨ
΢˱һƽˤ
֮ǰߴŮ״æܹȥ뿪ܵʦ˿΢ҡҡͷȥҽҿûĻȴҶٲһΡ
ллʦ΢һҽȥˡ
ҽҲԶ΢һȳһյ߽ȥֵĻǸԼϤʦ
ܲˤˣ˽ֵʦ̧ͷҲ·ġҼһ¡
΢ߵϹԹýܼ顣
Ȼûʲô⣬ҲΪܲ˳䳤㣬ˤһӲûۡ
ϢϢ²ǻҪȥ𡣡ֵʦ΢˱ˮ
ллʦ
ӹˮССһڣ΢űߵ˹Ӹǰ
ҽûȫӣȥô΢ҲǲõԼģҽҵĹӶǲŵģŹ߶ܿڴµӡ
ҵôֵģ΢ŹϵӳԼ
СʱЩûиʶʱǷֿƿǷְ࿼ÿѧϰоʱ䲻ã˵˶ˡ
΢һֵ˴ѧһʱѵĹලһʽʳɹ
²ףһѵᡣ
΢صҲûأʵʵȫǷ⣬ͬȽϽʵһȦҺϰĻǿ󣬼ʹֳǺÿģ͸˵ˡ
ʼƻҪճˣ΢¶ġп֮һٵʱ䣬һҪúã˳ʳɹõ̬Ǹˡ
һβٴˣҲϵʽʱǸ˳˵ļʲôû¡
Ѿ滮δ΢ɣûãͱʵһűӵˮ
ȵȣп
п
΢ˡ
ȥôóеĿγиӡͲˣô죿
˭Խȥļ俼ֱɳģ
΢̫æǸԼָˡ
һڵĲƱн붼֪
΢ꡣ
զ죿

2

Ȳ˵ڿʼпʱܲܿóɼĿǰҪǵȻԡ
΢ҽҳʱٳ˸ˡԵǰؼˣʣµĻΪԭûûѹûɿԵġ
ѾʼˣʣΧ۵ŮҪôǺһͽϴģҪôǿСһҪġ
лһ߸ӵŮܲģ΢࿴˼ۡ
ƺǸо˿Լ߸ŮתԴ΢ʱЦЦ
΢ܸо˺죬һʱҲ벻Է˭
ʣŮһʦ̾˿һλᰡúܣȡȫܽߡҪΪɼӰȥĿвǿˣʦȰƴܣҰѧǵȻǣԺûŬһ͸óȫ壡
Ҳ뿨ˣ뼰߲ӾˣһӵҲû취
Ҽʹ꣬ʦָӴվߡ
Ӧô΢ѾԺܺõؿڵ壬ƽˤڣܵÿҲ롣
ǹ죬΢۾ҧ˳ȥ
һԵĶǸﵹģ΢Ҳû
տһۣһѾԼȦǸ߸ӵŮ
ٶôûͨԣ΢ԴﻹʱЩеûġ
ܲͺȻ֮϶ɤۡʱĻܵô࣬΢ƴغǰһԽԽԶ
Բͣ£
ʱֻҪͣ½Ųͻоرۣޱѡ¸оԼҪ赹ˣ΢ûͣ½Ų
ȥһʣ
µ΢ٴηġ
˼άˣ΢ֻʣһͷܽߡ
Ĺ˼Χķ羰˷ҲΨһʣµľǸԼԽԽԶӰ
Բһ̫Զ
΢ҧš
һȦ
ڶȦ
յߵһ΢оԼڹŹһ⡣
۵޲ھɵϣԱʱ߹һŮסקǰߡ
경̶»£ȻȽ
΢̧ͷĨ˰ͷϵĺֲסԼľܵһǸ߸Ů
ʦܴ̼ǣ˵һĵһܵÿ죬ôٶȶǰᡣ߸ŮԹԵ˵ҿУӵġ
ǡɤһѪζ΢˵һ־˵ȥˣݺݺ˼źЩ
ˣ϶ˡŮ΢ߣ״̬õˣֶܿȥյŮ
̧ͷۣ΢ԼĴԽ˵ʵС
ŲٳѵϢһ΢ʦк뿪
ƽȣ΢Զ·Уſߣ࿴ԼеУ԰
΢ѧʱвװޣ¥¥¹滮ǸеУ԰ոȴҲİ
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˵ԼҲСһݹ͡еʳ׸Լˡ
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΢Դϸһ£Լ경һ߻ȥģΪһαΡδıˣ
㿼ôûҿ˵ԶвһƲġ
˭ܲ𣡡Ԩһ£΢Լֿ˿վԼ߻ԼԨȷطʣﳵһȥ
ҴԨܳʵһڳ壬һﳵö㣡
΢
Ϊ˴û˵Щָüʵ飬ź֪شسֱǸˡ
ڳԨѾų΢Щ˼
ɱ³һģԨƵú
³Ͳ³ߣպÿ羰ˡԨע΢ýŵŵؽʡЩԨתͷ˵ʱʵʵһͷ羰ģ
Ҫ˵Ԩ΢ϵãΪԨĸĸæСʱһֱ΢ңСʱ򼸺Ӱ롣
ٴʲôԨȻʵĺĽûҵ˶٣˵ҾͲһˣҵ϶ҪʱɱдҵʱҸǰϷ
΢룬ôġĬһᶨĺˣٲϷҪ˶ʣ
ҽ㲻ֻݶǺÿģԨô˶ܲ
ܲɡ΢ȷҲҪһɣ
΢ѧʱʳɹǿܲΪѧУٳһȺһܡ
ܲĻҿһ𣬷ҲҪˡĻҿԱ߰㡣
˰㣬úдҵĵһ񣡡΢˵ʱ˵ٿ϶˯ذٿǱ飡
һ·˵Ц˼ңǽСʱ΢ڴϷ
ǹȥˣпզ죿
һ뵽ԼҪϰôĿ΢͸оЩ
˴Խ֮󶼻÷ˮôֵԼʱôңһԽĺȡ
ܲܣȺú˯һ岻˸˰ٶҪҪģϢ϶ۡ
صƣڶδûе΢ܿͽ硣
֪˯˶ã΢һѡ
ǵԼϹӵ΢Ժְͷϵӣַ˯
ڶ죬˯֡
簲ô΢Ϳٴ˯ŵʱ򣬺ȻŽ
㻹Ҫ˯ã
΢߹ʹ
˯Сʱʮӡ
΢Ժ˵
ʮӣʮ붼룬㻹ˣûͣҲûͣƲãֱ΢첲šһ¡
ۣ΢ʮίôĩ˯ˣ
ĩҿ˯ɵˣ˵ץסļʹҡţѣļڹȥˣѧˣϽҹʰ
΢
ʲôȥˣ
ôˣ
Ҫѧˣ
΢˲ѣβϵֻһۣʮա
˯һȥ¾ʻ˭
΢ˤֻ
һΪѵԵʿѧʱҪǰʮңôҲû뵽컹»εһ۾ͱɰˣأ
˵𷢴˸Ͻ𴲣·΢ڴû
ˣ΢Ѹ·
컹оԼĴԽعȥˣ־һƺΡʵ˭˯һȥ»֪ģ
΢һʰһϸ˼ʱԾĺףѵΪԼƻټʾ͹ˣ
ڤڤ֮йŬһлָ죿
΢ëȻ
Լᱻɣ
΢˼Ѿɢȥˡ

3

ӿ־ٵ֣΢˼ɢûһԺǰѾ˹޳ĺڰ硣
·һͻӽһªĹҽų
΢˸¡
̫Ҳʲô¡
ٿеԼ΢ĬãǸޱȵ硣
Ϊ˳Ժ־˯Ժҵֳˡ
Ȼķչֻ˯һȴԼһȦνʮָӡ
ѲҪȵѧټʣ
Խ
΢Թ
緹ö΢ˡ
Զڽʽʮӵ·̣ѧУҲС⣬󲿷ֶǸѧ͸ĸһס
ѧУסУҲ߶סУÿѧԻؼңҪϰһ߶ǿƣǿסУϰ
У԰̵ܴ곬ʳõһ豸緹ʱУһ㶼ǹرղġ
һʱ΢סһУ߶ʱѡ߶
סУסУķգ߶߶鷳
ԺôѡѵʱҶҪסУġ
΢һѡסУΪγÿѧ·ȥ˰þòܻټϹʱƿزˣĸ·΢³ܾҪٵˡ
˳˸Ŀλãڵϣ΢ŴϤķ羰
粻ͣ޸ǺҲǻ£õ¼ǵøз飬ЩҪģһıֻܾù
꿼ǺԸģʲô޷ı䣬Ǿ͵һΰɡ
΢ͳã
˵γΪƽ̫ãܿƽĶڶ϶΢֪٣߰ķԹҲһ֡ǰĶûЧ취ȷЩҲ֪ǲá
ǲֻܿģһ׼Σ΢ֻܿ򴰻档
ֻǸͻϲĸѭУѧʱ򷴶ûôϲˡ
ǰʱ΢͸Ÿص˼еǶʱ⣬ٳǵЦμ件ЦĴ֣ģ⿼ʧʧ䣬Żķḻʣ߿ǰĶԱҵϧ𡭡
ʶظź˼䣬΢ȻѣĴû˿ߡ
еʺɣеĻ͹¡
ʵҲĩʽʼѵһ·ϾͶ˺ܶѧ΢ͷһȦûˡ
20·Ψһһ·ԶУſվͣģ뵱Ϊһλ߼վϳ
õʱľλõʱôԶһվšϳվ
ԽǿѧУ΢ԽܶѾ飬ﻹЩСûӣȻһ顪
չҪڵ컹ǵ쳿ܵʱˤһӣȻΪԹ۾ѵѵġ
ѵҲѧ֣ˤܾҪѵˡ
ֻǸŴһɹ̫ͬѧˮˮ˽ʶ˸ڰǸ಻̫һֱԹûѵŮ
ԵĻ΢Ĳˤһӡʱϥû⣬ǲɴҩۣ۲˵һӡӵѧʱܿó
ֻСĵ㲻ˤӦòǸı̫Ҫǿɣ
ȻҲп˯һͷϥҲ˾ѵҲˡ
΢ꡣ
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У԰ﶼѧļҳ΢ͲһˣСѧһ꼶츸ĸһȥˣ֮ѧһˡ
ԨҲѧһ𣬵ȻҲΪСѧýֶǴ·ĸܷһߡ
΢վڽѧ¥ǰĹ㳡˼ǧпһסȥ
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ÿ㶼ѵȣ΢ǵ¥ɰߺܺóԣȴʱҲܳ
΢ǵһģȻѡ˿̨Աӵĵĸߵʹ̡
ѧУ׼ӡоͱӣѧҪԴͱ֡
Լں֮Ʒ΢ڴһѹƷͷ񣬴ֻͰȥ䡣
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ӡеһιУ԰֯ѧһ˵˵ѵʱ仹磬΢ȥѧ¥Լķְ
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áǣؽҴѡ
΢õѰӰȻûþ͸ˡ
ѵʱΪͬûཻ̫ʼϿκΪǰĹϵܿͳΪ޻̸ĺѡϧǴѧȥ˲ͬĳУԱϵϵչǵЩ
ǺãǰȻǸһ߰𣿡
ûãͷȻһö
ڵһſǽ΢һ̧ͷͿͷգŴ۾΢ЦſڵŮ
ǵġ΢ͷ
ԭиŮͷ΢İȻЦĸˣãԺͬѧ
΢á
ȻÿôŮѧʱŬɵˡƯѧϰãԸãŶգ󷽵塭΢뵽кõݴʶҲ᲻ʡ
ӰȻſʼǵĿʱʱȥŪҪע⣬ϧ״Сʱ˿Ӷ΢Զе顣Ϊĸ䶯кжϤ

4

Ůӵ鿪ʼ˼򵥡
΢ͰȻܿΪ˿һȥУ԰һ׼緹ĺѡ
һ߲ιУ԰һ˵ЩĻ
΢֪ȻǶԼûκοӵģղŹȥǼŮһŮһӣ۾ɳˡ
Ҳ΢ŮЩٻȻָôЩĵڱ˵ġ
΢һĵһ緹ԵʳãʱܱߵСһֻ̫죬ʳúòóԡ
ԶУ԰һͨʽѧѧУǲʹֽģ΢ѾУ԰תһٿǮʳĻһµ緹Ǯ㹻ˡ
ȥ԰ɣȻʵҰֺ軹ڼʰأǸհᵽҽʲôûȻҪؼȥ
ð΢Դû顣
Ȼνġʮӡʮӵ·̣ǸߵСݶڰȻҡ
õ΢ͬ⣬Ȼȥһߴ˵绰Ȼ΢У԰ʱ˲ŴУſߡ
ſڵİ׼ҸĸкȻĵؽԼʶѣ΢΢Цŵͷ
緹Сһһĳ˹ݡĸ˵ĸˣ΢ؿסû̫࣬Ҫάסġ
Ȼĸˣ΢Ц˵лл
ϳذȻҡ
һ·ں˵Ц΢оԼ컹ͦӵģûγ
׼Ұְͣȥˣ׼ŰȻ΢¥ŰȻȥԼķʰʱ򣬰ݸ΢һƿ裬һɳ졣
ǸǸںͨ졣˵ļˣûֱ΢ѧУչԼŮﻰҲô˼
ϾǳһµĳУ׼ҸĸϻԼŮѣû뵽һŻġ
׼ҸĸĵĲ޵оôѧУôܶСѧжͬУʹ֮ǰʶҲЩǵԼŮڲ˵Ȧӻ䵥
ʲôôġ
ܿ죬ȻͱŴСˡ
ʰˣ
ţ
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΢ĬĬŰȻæǰæûþ͸ԼһʳľȻؽӹһۣ󲿷ֶǽڵġ
߰ɣȻԼĽʮ⡣
һ߿ҲûֹֻЦЩ
΢һʳȥ
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΢Ĭŵͷ˿ԼĴȣİܾ˵ԼʳҲʰ
Уſڣ׼Ҹĸûȥ
֮΢һһʳһְȻһסȥ
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ţȻͷ
һѾˣûˡʣһẉ̂ȻҲûռˡ
ȻѧôϣվվȥҲпܵġ΢Դᡣ
Ȼʰ΢ȥԼῴ˿ȫռԼҲˣʣһŵʱš
һ£΢ǵÿյǸӦһŮһϰѧտֱӿ߰ˣ΢û̫Ľ
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⡣΢ڻУȻŵ
Լûţ΢ͷͿȻվſ̽Դ
ȥŰɣ֪治дҪȥＯϣ
ţ߰ɡֽͱʣ΢źͰȻһ뿪¥
ȥʱ˶Щ
һŮһ΢ͰȻһ˸Χû˵λ¡
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󣬽һʵŮʦ
ͬѧֵĴ֣ҲһȦ˽һš
ǵİΣȻ۾ģҪ֪βֻʦҶҪǽģ
Ȼڸ̾Լδİֺţ΢һͷпĲ˲㲻֪ɣʦѧʱУŵģ滭һᣬȥУʱ̨ˡ
ۣ
Ȼ۾ٴСǡ
ʦЩ¼ҲʲôܣԶУ԰̳۵˺ܶࡣ׷˵Լ̳Ͽġ
Ȼһݵı飬΢͵Ц֪ԼİôŶյʱҲ˺þá
ûһʦӰóһӷ˿ŵһǸͬѧǰ˼ֻصλ¡Ǹͬѧ˰дʲô󣬰˵ڶŵˡ
Ӵûþʹ΢ͰȻ
ȻǸһ߰ĻᣬѾҵͬѧҵԼǩ֡
Ȼȣ΢ǩֺѲӴһһŵͬѧ
ʶ𣿡Ȼʡ
ûС΢ҡͷ
һ߰ûһСѧеͬͬѧôشʵҲû
˵Լʶء
תһȦ»صС˿ûǩЩˣȻϼš
½½ֽˣڽŵһŵǸȥǩ
ˣûȲˣǿʼɡ
վڽ̨֣ҵעȥ
ҽھѧʦҲǸһ߰İΡʦһ˵һںڰдԼ֡
ھһһдʮֹðȻ̾һء
ǰεİѧУҲǰģ΢С
̨ʦѧԼѵĶԱȻţ΢žˡ
ΪܸǸЩ΢ѡơ
һֱʦѧбҵǴɢﷹ˻һ˸衣
ʦľһһšǿֳɳ
΢ѧ˸߷ֻҪлλʦһֱû
Ҫҽˣ𷢴Ȼ˽´˴΢һμ͸ʦ˲õӡ󡣡
š΢æͷ
Ҫ˵ӡ󣬹ƾѵˤһӸʦӡ̰ɡ
ǵñҵʱʦ˵ôѧһΪѧˤӽҽҶУҽ绰ѵһͨ
΢Щꡣ
Ĳˤһӣ

5

Ҫ˵ѧڴģĪͬѧҽܵĻڡ
ȻǶԱ˶ԡ
ʹܶ˵Ѿİ֣΢ܹԺھǵļ䡣
λδİ೤Ǹѧԣ
λ賬ÿ߶ѡտˡ
λǡŶˣؿĿʵ࣡˵Уʦˡ

°༶ͬѧһһվҽܣ΢ڵһһĻУֵܿͰȻ
͵͵һƺ΢Ȼվҽܡ
Ǻ͵һ̬ݡ
ôһ˲䣬΢оֱʮã
˶񣬴Ȼº΢վ
ҽ΢˶٣˵ϣʹҳΪѡ
ͨͨĽܣͨͨˣͨͨ͡
΢º⣬ãԶ綯
֪ЩС˧Ҳһֱ˼ҿ۾ֱ˰ɣȻյ΢С˵ԭϲ͵ġ
΢
Ҷ˭ˣ
ջĿ⣬΢ע⵽һŵͬѧԼߡ
Լͬţڴϣ΢ȥȷڶ˼ҿ
˼ЦЦ΢ץסȻֲ᲻صһ£˵
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Ů󵨵ǰ壡Ȼ͵͵óֻ˻Ρ
߿΢һ
ҽѡʱί
ѵʱÿ඼ѡһʱ೤һʱίԱǰ߸༶߸ѵʱڴҵֻԼ㲥վͶ塣
ʱίúȻͻɳڵģҪȾѵһͶƱ
΢԰೤ίԱûȤȻҲһ
ʱ೤ĺѡͼһʦѡ˵һԼͬѧɹΪһ߰ʽ೤
ίԱ⣬еλʱίԱû֣ûԼ£ʦӻϵһλ
΢ͬѧ𣿡
΢һ¡
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ˣʱίԱʦ˵ͬѧɻˣ೤ίԱСᡣ
ϲϲȥ㰡Ȼ΢ˡ
΢
ʵôôħã
֮ǰʱԾΪ᲻ָͣԭĹϣأίԱôô򵥵ˣ
Ӱ첻ټʻ
΢벻ס
ͬѧ԰ɣʦ½̨ʱ೤βҶ˵ɣ⼸¡
šͬѧͷ
Ǹ΢ͬѧʦ֣ίԱҪǴҾѵڼֻоѵڼ㲥վͶ塣ÿѵڼıֶᱻ̹ٴ֣ſЩƷΪ㲥һþͻӷ֣ЩĲɺõÿдƪͶ壬ҲҪ͹㲥վ˴ùϵ
õġ΢ͷ
㲥վ죬ȻԺǹ㲥վĲδվվǸ߶ѧҲһŵġ
Ǿʲôҵ绰ʦֻ뿪ˡ
305м¿Դ绰ҡͬѧס׼·΢˵
á˵绰ƺţȷ϶ԷûʲôҪ˵ģ΢뿪˽ҡ
ίԱãһžһֱſڵİȻ
һ΢ˣİ೤Ҳһ²ŵͷƹ뿪
ְ΢æ˹ȥסȻ졣еİ໹ڿᣬɲôһ
Һĸ㣬൱ʮίԱʮ֮Ҷˣ΢ĵ˵
ͦõİ
øʱٰʲôίԱվҿ϶Ǹ΢ȫǸ档
ʵðɣУͿġȻ˼
̸̸
ίԱа༶ְ˧Ůģڵ΢ȥҲô
ؼҲûʲôõóֵĲգİ࣬Ǹһ١ίԱԴϸ˼˵ԼίԱ
㲻ǻͦõȻʵҲͦģӦҲں
ʦûʱȻķ˷΢ıʼǱһЩǦʻѾͬлĺܲġ
ⶼ㻭ģҲûϵͳѧ΢͵ЩԼˡ
ڰȻԼıʼǱ΢ûʲôģЩǦʻҲûбݡ
ҲȻԺĺڰ屨㲻׼׾Ҫһ顣
Կû⡣΢ʣʲôȥ
ᡣȻ˼һ˵һûأ
ڰȻԼ΢ǲϣģ֮ǰҲû˵Ƶ
ʵĺܿҲܼ򵥣΢һŮûüԼĶ˵Ȼ̺󣬹ϾʹӦᡣ֮һȥ¥̴ܰ˵һµǼһ£ǽˡ
ѵڼ¥̹ܰܵҲôϣҪѧˣ뻻ỹдΣշתпܱء
̻̣㲻һ߰Ȼ΢һʵ
Ȼܾ̹߲̫ã
㿪ʼѵͲôˡ
ģʺõúܣ
Ѷڣһϸҽһ顣
΢Ǹ̷Ů죬Ҳġ
ȻǸ۾ľŮ飬úһǿ顣ǳͬѧǲͬࡣ
ʣһߵͬһͬһ༶ܰÿʳ̺Ĭǽơ
᳤ԭҪа༶ְ΢εģԡæΪɾܾˣܰϡ
ΪףǶĽһɱȥʳðɣܰ
Ȼȥٳߣ̸᣿ҵһסУÿ˵סĽˡ
Ҳ˵̫Ҫܲ١˵
šͷ
΢飡
Ȼ飡
ã֪ˣڰ°ɡܰӰ˰֣ӹ˵
˶ŵݼЦˡ
Ц֮ľܿ
ȻǸ᳤һȥʳá
ΪиڲͬŮһ·ջ˲ŮĿ⡣
ѵǰһٴһͬҪԶٺõģȥʳ¥һҪһݳһ׷΢ÿ˼һ÷֭
ллλã֣ܰ컻룬˭ҿ
һ߶΢лһӦܰʾԲ극ֳַȥٳһһɢʳ
һľʱ䣬̸ǿˣżæŵϴ껹ûʰöͶϵˡ
˭Ķϵ簡С²һ䣬΢ȥֻ
ֵܿ磬ᱻܰ̿ġܰС̵ĵȵȣҰֻĻЩš
˰죬ȷÿ˶ڴɺˣܰŰֻݸԼţСԼ̡
ܰ˵
Σ΢˵
ڲ֪Լڶ˯᲻һ¹ȥĵУ΢硣

6


΢һڣȷϺü˿
ûã˯ڼʱûԾ
ȻĲ֪ôˣ˯
ڴһ΢·ڼ˵ҲˣзģҲкܿġ
ĺ·һڽȥקܰıӡ˶Լһߺܰһ߲ؽͣȻ
˱ק˰ܰͷɢʮԹضź
һƽĬĬעֱ·ʰöȥϴ
΢קԺЩµİȻһȥˡ
ϴһ£Ҫȥ¥¼׼ܲ١
ϵʱ΢ͷһȷЬûɣֻ˼ΣȷЬӲĥţñӣò
ҪӸųһлԼܲٹˤӵĿԡ
ܲһһӣʱ೤ӡ
һ߰Ůں棬΢Ϊίѹ
ҪˤӿɾͶ˶ȥˡ
΢ꡣ
ԲԣܲԼʱˤòң
ܲٶȲ죬ܲΪ˴ܻ塣
ΪԶУȽϴܲٵ·Ҳر𳤡
Ϊǵһܲ٣ֻһ뵽ٳͽˣȥǰֺõλõȽ̹١
һһ̹ٺһʦο࣬βڵʱʦÿ༶ѵ֮顣
һ߰ǸЩ΢ֵĿȥܺĽ̹٣ʦǽģҲܺദ΢ʱѡΡ
ҽһ£̹ѧո߰վĶӣ೤ǰһʳó
һٷûôϸֻҪվ롢ʳȺʱ˽½ͷӶҺܿܳԵ
֮ķûô׳ˡ
һ˵߶û룬Ҿһʳվ˰ɡʲôʱ氲ˡվ׼ʲôʱȥԷһȴȵŽȥҲû
ѵڼʳĲֻʦ̹Լ־Ըѧѧǿšһͳһʳһ㡣༶ãһһȥ˷緹ΪȽϼ򵥣һͳһȥ˻ٷָҡԷʱ˵Ҳ׼ʣ緹ĬĬȥȺ緹˾ͿԻϢˡ
еľѵʱûôҲһϺһ磬ʱɰ˵㣬Ǽڲٳվ˻֯СϢСҲѧн̹Ҽұӵĺòãϸ¥վˡȿ϶ȣһվػص˶ֶܿ˵ġ
Ϊɲ΢ȻΪŮǰȥ˷ˣٴ᳤ϡһһ룬ӱӶ԰룬һһСһһ룬Ļʾȥá
ѵڼĻʳǰģԶٶôǮ
극ϣһϾյ̹ѵ˳վˡ
Ȳܣ˲վһ춼˼˵ھѵ
΢ɹеΡƮ֮ʣȻһϤıӰ
վڶһţʹúԶ΢һ۾ϳ
·Ǹתѧ֮ҲûϢ
Ǹ˺ܾúܾҪȥͬһѧ֮׵
ǸԸʱջ
΢Ȼ;ˡ
ҵ찡Ҫˡ緹󣬻·ϣܰ뿿ںϱԹ
̹ѾܺˣûڰϢĴûǰһࡣ
Ҳ֪ô£컹ûôȣͺ¯һôÿѵյհܰ˵Щ־Ըѧѧվڿ̨ԣ䣡
Ϊ΢ѵڼԸǸ߶ʱһʳڿ̨ϴСЦѧѧǾѵ
桤ֶǽڱ˵ʹ֮ϣʹҲ
ȸ߶ʱ΢ȴûԨô˰ɣҲ˼ڵܿࡣ
ҿվ˵ʱһֱһ𣿡ȻչСʵ
û㿴ˣʱ̫ɹˡ΢ϵ
аɣȻͦɵģ㲻Ը˵ˡȻûм׷ʡ
ݵʱ˶˯ú㣬΢ƽʱû˯ϰߵҲһ
缯ǰ뵽Լְ΢ߵߣԸԸд㲥վͶ塣
ԣҪʲôʽģ϶дƪ㡣ͷ
ʲôʽУ̫࣡΢һ£ʫɢ֮ĸã֮Ρ
೤֪ͨѵɻҪȥ㲥վ𣿡ܰʵ
ţû¾ȥ㲥վתתʾͶҪ󡣡΢ͷ
ҺһȥɡȻ˵ҶԹ㲥վͦȤġ
ȥ㲥վʣĸȥٳ϶в˧Ŷ˵˧ʱܰ۾ڷŹ⡣
Դû飬Ϊ˷ֹܰʲô˵飬ȥ϶Ҫš
ûʲôرİţʣ˶ͬˣȻҲ͸ȥˡ
ʱĸҰҪϵʽȥÿ϶ˡ
ٺ٣ǾͿ
վˣ·ڵİ༶ƺ˵ط΢ûп
һԵʳá
һ㲻ṩϣ̵ܰÿ˸
΢ͰȻһһͲһ߳һѧ¥ȥߵǰʱҲˡ
㲥վ칫϶ûˡѵڼиʱİ칫ص㣬ʵҲվѧĽҡ
ǰ೤Ȼа༶Կס
ѧĿ༶һ㡣΢ŰȻ˵·˳߶ſڡ
ʱ򻹿Ƶİ༶ȻҪҵĿˡ΢СȻһ䣬߹ȥš
ŵģ֮΢˵ȣûлӦ¡
ûлӦ׼õεʱŴˡ
ŵһû΢һͷûУҲûѵһ߶ϴŶһĶǸȡҲ˵ôӸµؿſŮ
ѧãǸҹ㲥վվȽѧ㡭𣿡
ס΢˼룬Ŀİ˵
ҲѧĬһȽѧ㲻ڣǽȻɡ
˵ÿˡ
΢ǶȿжˣתͷͰȻһ£ҡͷòãǵȻ
΢ûӡ󣬶ԷҲǹ㲥վĳԱֻ˵ֺֻѾ֪¶ʵӰ졣
Ŀ΢ͰȻСſ뿪
˭ڽһŵһʵ
ʶȽѧġ賺½ںá
أЦʵ
ˡ賺ܵǰ·ĺĺΪûղ͵Цö࿪ģ
·ֻЦӻԴ賺Ҳû취ݺݵһۣ϶ˡ
ʱһŰȻܳѧ¥΢֪Լװ״һǰʶ·Ļᡣ
ͰȻ㿴ҿ㣬Ȼ˲ԼͬһЦˡ

7

վڽѧ¥ⴵ˻磬΢ƽһ£΢תͷѯʰȻ߻ǵȻȥ
ѧ¥ֹһڣطȽѧҲ̫ʵ
ھ߶Զһڡ
Ȼ΢˼һҡҡͷֵͷ
ȥǲȥ΢ʵ
ȥɡȻ˵ô˹ֲõģǸҲء
΢ĬһУǾȥ
էһȻ仰΢һӦǸ˼תһ룬׷˺ͱܾһ࣬û˵ĸߵý
΢־Լˡ
ȥͻȥɣ΢תŸ߶ȥȻں棬û߼ӭȽѧ㡣
΢ͰȻȽ۾һæλѧõȵȣ֪ǶԲûȤѽ
ȽЦ׼СѵĻꡣ
ȻʶȽ责΢ڸҲ죬Ƚ贾ͿǰѧȻͣһµؿûô¡
ҽȽ责߶ģ㲥վĿǰվȽҽܵ
㲥վվֵʱȻǣ΢ֻþ£ʾҪȵˡ΢Ҳһ±ʾףȿ˼ô˵
סǶԲûȤҲǾѵʱ䣬Сʱ㲥վһ£ҪǶѡĸӡѵڼرע֮ġȽ˵Ҳ¸ǣԭƻʱβλԱ׷۴̼ɤӣ˵Ƶģ˸ߵֶˣҰ첥ҲûйҸһԣԵĻ͹̶һ£ѵǿֱӽ㲥վҪˡ
λѧѧ㣿첻ǿԲ𣿡Ȼʡ
㣬λѧǼߣֻǰУҲ˲Եģһ͸ҳ⣡Ƚ˵Ǹѧʱ鲻Խסȭͷ
ȻЩĶ˿΢˵ͷŴӦȥԡ
ӭӭȽʮָˣλѧú𣿳ѹӦŶ
˶ҲճԹټϵȻҪͶܾˡ
΢ĿȽ责Ҳˣٻһ˸߶ͱԺ
ȻԴڻʱӴĹ㲥վڵЩɣһľŵȻɹܼڹ㲥վ
һ²һ飬һλһλߣһ鳤˵߸ɸѡṩ鳤豸űֻڲЩԼƹܲԿס
л˶ⲥʱһ㶼վ䣬Ҫ˻һ飬ȫ鳤ǡھͺá
˲ңһѧһѧȽĹѧãѧ縺أǸѧһԱߵѧֵһȽ责ȡվ΢ͰȻ
Ȼ㲥վ鳤ӭ
ѧã΢ͰȻæʺá
ҽнܣ鳤Ǻð
ѧã
ܾǸΪ̰Դ̼ɤû취ģȻذƿȻ˿΢ͰȻʵ˭
ҾͲˣɡ΢һ˵Ҫվ˽һ¾ѵڼͶ顣
Ȼͷóط԰Ȼ˵Ǿ԰ɣУ
Ȼһ߰ġһ࣬΢Ȼ˳ѾȽק˵΢һˡ
ƪӰɣһҲû༶Ͷ壬ƪԭƻʱġȻóһݴӡĸݸȻĸⲥҪעͼɡ
ȻһһߵͷȻЩš
ţѵڼĲʵûôϸҪֻҪעٺ뻰Ͳľ룬´ҪľûʲôˡȻοʽѧҪѵϸڵġ
Ȼƽ⿴ѾȽ˵껰΢ҲڸԼȻͲˡ

·ϣȻץ΢ֲͣظ̫ˡ氡Ժǹ㲥վ
΢΢ЦͷҲûİ취ֻ֪ȻϲϤʱͬѧѾڹ㲥վˣû뵽ȻΪôġ
˵ܰڲٳûҵȻʡ
϶ˣǵİСôôرô΢͵͵ֻ׼ܰǷϢǰ
˲ԼоĲһȻ˵ϧǼ˵ġѵڼҲʱ룬û취ԼͶ塣
ҪĲɣ
ߣȥ̵꣬ҪóԵģĵҪһ
ǻûڲٳǾ궫ȥǡ
Ȼĵس̵óԵȥˡ
΢˿ոϽܰ绰һѯǵȻһҪǵÿȻ
ûڣܰǱѾֵرʾȻˣǲˣ
û˵̵ѡóԵģǻڲٳǵȻȥǣڼ
˵绰΢ͿȻһʳˡ
Χѧ۾ѵҲûôۣôһ˷ʳˣ
ôôࣿ΢Ŀɿڴ
ҿģ
΢ȻԼﻹһӰȻʳ
͵͵⣬΢̾
ʳԵš
ȻڴϿ̸ᡣ
̸ЩƫҲǸճʳĹϵ۵ȫѧУûʲôóԵķݡʳóԡĸӵʳζá
׷۵Ƥଷٵ͹ض󣬴Ƭٵ󲿷ʱ䶼Ǳ˵΢ţоԼֶˡ
ν˼ҹΣ˯ǰ̫͡ԡйصĻ⣬˯΢ﶼڷԶôԶԲҲţɸ˻ˡ
ӰͰļ
һڲÿֻ̫վˡ
⼸ܲ΢ɲҵģԽûˤӣԽǵԼһСľҪʹܽӴȻ˵ġ
֮ûϴڸ߶ǸȻÿпվͲȻѧ΢ÿæҲͬд壬ҲͶǸ˭
ΪĿǰһ߰ࡢһߵģÿ춼ǻŻͶιţоԼгֵơ
ִܰÿźһȥٳ϶˧硣
ʱúܿ죬һƽȹûˤӺ΢ڴ˯ǰԸ
ϣҲƽƽ
ѵѾȥˣ
Ҫ
΢ĵؽ硣
ڶ찴ʱ΢ȻоϥǴСǹɴ֮ĶƿӣȻ
ٿڣһ죡
΢
ĺۣøлʱûһصˤֱӰαҵʱ
ż
΢ںҵǿ̸̸ġ

8

ȥ̸ʱʵֵ飬Ҫǡ쵽׷ʲô
ӽˤһӣղûоһ¶ϥۡ
أ
Ծһ巢ʲô
ʱȥ̫΢Ȼȫסˤеϸڡ
ʲôǴĵطԼ֪ȴѻͬѧˣôͣ
΢˼ת˾߶ȼУڰȻվǰְû
ʲôأȻ㲻ܲǵøһģ
Ŷ΢֪صͷĬĬ·
˵˵࣬ҪǱֳĬˡ
һˤñȽϺݣֱӿˮ·ˣĥһ󶴣ϥǴҲ˺ôһƤʱҲ֪ôģǲ̫۵Եʣ΢ûȥҽңǼѵݵʱ˳·ȥҽңҽݺѵһ١
·ͷſϵĴ󶴣΢Ρ
Ǹǻǻ㲻
͵Լѵļˡ
˿ڳ۲Ӱж·û⣬¥ϥʱĥӣΪһ󶴡˿ְˣԵҲۡ
һ¥һţͿվ
ȥҽһҩɣ˵õģܰݴܶŴҡ˵
á΢ͷ
ĿʹҼϺضԶˣ΢ҽȥ
ҽ΢ˣϣɴԼҸ컻ҩʱǺģҪԼְɡ
΢á
еǶкӡһʼΪŻݣõϴ˿ںҽֻɴһ£ûҩ
Ľ΢ɴʱû
һʱɴ˿һˣȡʱ򳬼ۣ΢ܿȡɴʱԼ˿ϵ˿
ȡɴСʱ΢۵ȥ
ٰʱҽ˿ںɴ֮һҩۣȻϴһ˿ںɴţʱͻӳ
һҧȡɴҽŵƺǩ߹΢Ϳˡ
ŵɡҽͬʱҲԲ
ۿŵƺԼ˿ڽӴ΢ʵظܵʲôʹܺ
˵ʱ䶼Ծֱѵ
ֱ˿ڽ谡
˿ڵḺ́ˤһ²ң࣡ˣ
΢
Ȼȴ۷Ⱗؿҽ㰡
ҽá
ҲΪת΢עҽһһ߸죺ôûҪ˵ĻǸϽؼŰɣǾѵȥһˣ겹ѵǰô˵
Ρʦ
ʦ˵ʲôҲ֪
ʱȴ
΢֧һش𣺡һǼ¡
ȹˮдͶ֮ġҽÿ궼ˤӵġ岻̫õģ϶ǳаڹɹ̫һɹУ쵼ҲǿһҪѵʮ졣Ϊ鵢һûġ
š΢ɵͷ
Ҽǵȥꡭһ죬и˯ʱӴˤˣԭǼѵֹͣתҹε̹˵תһתʹӴϹˣ̣űӣֱۺֻ࣬ûʲô⡣
ˡ
һ˵һҲͦټģܲô·ظͷܰԼһӡҲѵʱ¼ҪҴˡ
Ź
˵ڴѾȥˤӵǸˣҲ֪ôµģܲÿζҪҲűˡ
΢
ˤӵԭ֮ǰһΪʱŮǰںǰ΢˽Լͻ˸ͷûעһŲȵͰԼˡ
ˣݵʱһˣǵüɿڱҳԡ
õģллʦ΢ҽ߳ҽҡ
ѵʱԤƵĶ࣬ӦѾ緹ȥٳѵˡ΢ʳȥ뿴û緹ûеĻֻȥ̵ӡ
˵ʳûš
ҵûʳˣֻʣһЩϡС˶ûС
΢ϡڷǰꡣ
ϡµģĬĬϡ΢ȥٳԼİ༶
Ӷڻˤ֮ʲô飬΢ͷһǰߣҲΧ
ѵʱˮǷһģ΢ʱͬѧ벽ߺҵԼ༶ˮλã΢ɨһۣһЩյƿӰװˮںúվ̫·
Ϣʱ䵽ˣͬͬѧһѷ嵽ˮԭƿûˮ΢Ļͷ˵лл
ʲôأ΢ǰ˻ΣȻһˮĲҾԼȥɣʵʵҩȥ
΢ޡ
ˣ㲻Ҳûȥڹ㲥վ֮ǰڸ߶Ǹˣ賺
΢š
Ȼ
ۿ΢ĲɵģԭĻͱˡƺЩ겻ӣȻ룬˵ҪȻվ̫ˣǲš
ǿɲС΢ҡͷǶɹŴ̫أʱίҲܶ
Ȼһ߰ʱίԱܲˤһӵѾҪһˡ
΢ҲҲҲ

֮ÿһλҩ΢оԼһ⡣
תʮľѵʣһ졣
첻ҪѵһٳԹ緹ÿѧͰվѵʱĶźãһѵݡ
΢ȻǲòμӵģȽ֮ǰȥϯ̨㲥վϢţܾˡ
ˤ¹ֶ˵ģҪǳϯ̨ϣʱô˶ţƾͻкֻܶġ¼
΢Դ˱ʾܾ
һΪԭ򲻲μӻݵͬѧԵʦ񣬶΢ʦҲøʲôԷڹ㳡ϰͬѧ
ΪڲٳϾУжӵĵطͷһУŵĹ㳡ϡ
ʱҪŶƽѧ¥һȦߵٳ
ݻһ磬֮ǽ̹ǸԼѵյĻڡ
㱩ɹʮڳڳƬÿһ΢Ҳ֪˭ġ
ʱᵽһľѵգ˵ķӦһ¡
׼ᣡ
Ƭѹܿ
ɫȽϰ׵ĹζЦѡ
ͿԻؼϢˣԨʾǰ΢ණ
ΪҩĹϵ΢ڲٳϵϷڣȻҲûҺԼһŵǸ衣
΢Ҳô͸պôˣˤȻûиı䣬ô֮ķչӦҲļ̫ԶŶԡ
벻׾Ͳˣ΢ϯضְضԼ༶ͬѧµĶ
յʱܰ𻹴æö
Ϊ༶Ŀǰ׵Ǹ΢һŮĽʺ޵ĬĬվϡ
𣬻涨
ߵİȻͷƫһ㣬ŵܰͷϱV첲ںϣͺѧһһİ쵽ܰҲԴҲV
ȻǺƬʱ΢ŷֵġ
кͽ̹ٵĺա˵ľѵգܰק˷羰õĵط˼š
һ߱ԹԼɹ̼ˣһȴ¸Ļ档˵˵ЦЦ䣬ѵװ΢˺ü˵ֻֻҲ˺ܶ˵Ƭ
Զɾģһĺˡ
΢ô뵽
ⶼǻ䰡
Ļ䣡

9

ĵضȹԼļڣ΢Ԩÿ조ѵΪʲôûɹڡУӭ˸һʽѧ
УոµģһӦľҲµġ΢ûѡסУԴڿʼһҪÿ켷߶
ԭĶֻܰѡסУȻ΢һ߶
סУѾǰУµᣬ˵ܰȻ˶ðˡ
ҲͲס΢һѧţװǸ
ò׸Ϲ滹иλ΢²һ·ܵˡ
αû΢װĶǱʼǱ
ŵ˽ң΢һ۾Ϳ˳ԼֵİȻ
ʦ˵λ󵽣Ժ󲻺ٵȻ
ý磬мλá
л΢¡
е˵һŹʮλһģһ߰ʵֻʮˡ
Ȼڵţĵλá
඼ţΪϲһЩ΢ߣұߡ
ȻǺ΢ܰ졣
һϲᰲſγ̣顢ſαᣬܸʦѡίЩȫҲ͸ó緹ˡ
ŶˣѧŻ¡
೤תȻΪѾ㲥վĹϵֱӵѡίԱܰѡ೤ʤĿδѡɹƴɹѡ
ʣ΢ͺĺ޲һȺ˾ѡίæȻ졣
ܰӳӢδˣ϶ֻʣ΢һûְġ
ίԱȻͷһСһһ΢ֲ뾺ѡ
΢ܸɴתͷŴⷢðȻֱһѡ
Ҳѡ΢̬ȺܼƾʱҲ˵ң
ߣȻתͷźڰ壬һתͷδ㾺ѡ𣿡
΢ѡ
༶٣ѡ˰һѧίԱǿδ
˰೤һһίԱίԱίԱίԱѧϰίԱ֧飬ίԱһˣίԱҪסУ򽻵
Ӣʷءμ֡Ÿÿһλδʮ˵İ༶жʮһǰί
Ϊʣµʮһеһ΢ܵȫԱߵİȻʹԼԼܰһֱ󱳡
緹ʱ䣬ڱΧ֮ǰ΢һ̳ңΪϥǵ⣬Ǳʣ˶¥ݿڡ
϶ȡ΢æʾ緹һһ÷治ɫּһֹûʼĻ⡣
ѵڼ䶼Եʳã˽ȥУСһֿ
ʱܳ˷סУܻȥ˯һ
ϧ޹̲ܰסУ˽ȥҪȻǿȥἷܰ
û£ݼڸ·ʮ·̣ҳ˷ȥǼϢ΢ͰȻûؿȥԸһ𡣡
òãȥͼݿ顣΢æ֣ȻҲһҡͷ
㻹һԣʡ
ұŮ׶԰й粻ͱͲ綼۾͵һȥҲǵ
Ϊ΢Щʱ䣬ҳУŵʱСһѾΪ
꼶ͬУɫһһ۾ֵܷó
˶ĵȻζģ˼ȥˡ
ֻȥ˲̫̲꣬һһһ̲衣
ĻǴߵģλܶࡣ
û÷΢ÿ˼һˮһСʥ
Χӱ߳ԱģҲڡ
ס޵Ļᣬݼңʣ΢ͰȻ˹˹;ƷУͼȥ
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ԶвֹѧֻϿڼǾԾ׼ɡ
Ҳûʲô˵ģ˵ͷֻ
ˣѧȥĸ𣿡ȻȻʵ
û΢ҡͷ
Ƚѧ˵ÿ˶ȻԲòμӰ༶ķѵҲò˶ĿɲȨȽϴ󣬲鿼ڡǱϰԼμټȶǼɲ屨У԰㲥վǲ˶ʱҪμӰ༶󣬵ǲò˶Ŀϯ̨졣Ȼ˵꿴΢ȽϺõľЩˣѧ᱾ᣬȽæѡĸ
㲻𣿡΢
˶ʱΪȥμǧ׳𣿡Ȼ΢Ц
΢һ£һҲܳܵġ첻ôӣȴСʣѡ
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Ц˰ġ΢˵
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úѧϰôѧ
ˣѵʱ˵ģĲɲû˵ȻȻ뵽ʲôǵø߶Ǹ𣿡
ţ˵賺ڹ㲥վ΢Щӡ
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ǻ˵һˤͦɰġ
ͦЦŶ԰ɡ΢賺Ǹ֪Ѿ˺
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ûôǺ
···⾳֡Ȼ̾һ䣬˵⾳ҲֺдҲÿ΢΢𣿡
ʱ΢ԴظȻĵһ仰
·
賺ѽ·
Ҳڸ߶࣡
ιιôˣ·ˣ
΢ķӦ̫֣ȻȻ𵱳վ΢ŵǸ˺·֮ǰʶ
Ųҵ˰ֻںҪҪ㲥վɳ΢ҲʶԼķӦ̫ɣȵղ˵ġ
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ˡ΢ͷҲȥ
ȻµԸǿԻصûʱ䣬ڵ΢ĪЩ¡
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ķʱˡ
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ˣ
΢ԽԽѹʱ򣬰ȻȻһ
̧ͷãؿŰȻ΢ͿֻĻԼϣȽύվ룬дԼ֡
ն࣬ɣ
΢ȥ㲥վ
źߡ
аɡ
΢ˡ
ǰǰʶԼ΢ܿҵ˰οԼɡ

10

ֻڿΣʣµʱԼѧԵġ
ֱȥѧҲţȴܰקһȥ˼ɲԣѧЭᣬûѧᣬȻק΢һȥ˹㲥վֳ
һȺ˱ʵÿв˶ˣɸһȺˣ΢ԼԱˢ˸ãˢǾȥ㲥վλΡ
û뵽һžͱſڵĽѧקסˡ
ôϽϽԼͬѧϢǼǱǼԳڸڣʮһ顣ˣ˵Ҳ΢Ӧһհ׵ıһתȥڽˣ΢ҵ
΢
һתͷȻ´ȥˣҿѧѧǳȻûһʶġ
Ĭһ£΢˻еı񣬴Ⱥ˵㲥վԵͬѧ룬ʮһһȥԡ
Ҳ֪ԵԼΪʲôգۼͳ˼µһԱ
Ƚѧ·ʱ򿴵һӦģ
ԭ֪ʱѾΪ˹㲥վһԱ
΢²۲ͣҲûš
ϲ˲٣Լߵ˸ࡣ
΢һæңһҪŵǼǵû©дϢһҪοȺˣһ߻Ҫдûֵˡ
ȻԵ˶࣬Իڼ򵥡ٶȿ죬ǱԸЩٶ
һ˽ȥԣ΢̾һҲˡ
һűպùдʮ˵Ϣִʮˣ΢һһµıϣһʮڣúš
Ȼǽȥȣѧᰲţ΢ֻҪ˴ͺˡ
ࡣǼ鸱鳤ֽӹϢ΢Ϸ˿ǣ˽ȥںãȴԡ
΢һۣݮζˮǡ
ĬĬڴĿǰΪֹ΢˶˿ڴװ˶ٿǡ
صʱóֻһۣ΢̾ðɣûɵˣǵûĻѾ½ˡ
ʱ䣿
ԱߺȻһ΢һؿֻٰװؿڴ
̧ͷ賺
·ûģ
ʱĻȥæҰ㿴š
ŶҲǼġ΢۾˲ˣǿ˾ǣ˧翿ˣʮһ飬Գڸڣ͹ȥúžУȥҪſ
á賺ͷ
ͷ΢ֹܳ˻ӿڴóץӷϣѧģҲͦģ
賺ͷһۣݮζһζģûԱһֻΨһζˮǣ˺Ž
ţȷͦġ·΢Цһݣʱǵýҡ
Բ
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賺ں߽ȥ˸Ȧ·Ա߰æϢͬѧơ
·ʱڰȻϷһǣ·ЦЦҼǵ㲻ϲǣʣǿŸҰɣ
賺ĻӦǿ˺ӰǷŽȻޱ鿴
СӰ·ҡҡͷ
һߵ΢ܵŻҵʱѾˡ
һߴһţ΢ǽϣ̧ͷͷϡ硱ӷ
¸ıĸˣΪ糤ȴŶûȥ
ѧ𣿡΢ʱһһѧ㡣
ţ΢˺ƴͷѧǱߵЩʱ䣬ڻ𣿡
԰ã˵һûύѧһóԿ׿һ߼΢ҽԻ縱糤
΢һ߰࣬á΢ŽŻңǰ£ԻѧԼһǼǱ
ɣһдһߺ˵˵ŵ
΢棬ԻԱߣſϣԶеճ֮⣬ҲửһЩСУطżҲ滭ɵĽ⡣糤Ǹ߶Ļ滭Ŷֻ뿴Ի滭еȤôŻʱżһ㵥ǹ黹ӣϲϲԼֻÿŻʱһҪ˫糤̴ҡ
õġ΢дݸԻѧ㡣
ʲô˽ԻѱպãˣȻȺǵͨһ£ʲôȺ֪ͨ
֪ˣллѧ㡣
Ի΢һ
Ҳ֪㲥վǱߵôˡ
óֻͨԻѧĺ룬ͨȺ룬΢ȥ˿ȺԱͼһ
ȵȣ˭߶ģ
΢ȥ˿ȷԼûӡ
賺һȻֵģ
Ϊ賺ǰ΢Ҳûôȡʶˣպֻ˹㲥վֳ
վſڿûٻˣ΢̧ͷƺţûߴôôŮ
˼һ½һ£лл΢Ⱥм伷ȥϳ賺ߵͷ˭ĬĬתټȥ
Ҷʲôڱϵ賺ʱקס΢һű񽻵ϣʮˣȥڣҼȥ
Ŷá΢Į
ʮŮڵţѧ΢һˮǡ
˵Ǳ˱ˣȥְɡղû˼ҵǡ
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΢ڴ滹һǡ
ѧǵġһˮǷϣ΢˿·ת賺˿æȥȻǱ߿
ôÿμҲǱһܵķɿ죿賺קס΢ӡ
æ֧ԮԱߵ·̧ͷǱ߶ûˣ˻ô࣬ͱˡ
΢Ŷ
Ϊʲô˱ûģ
˸ڴ̨Ͽţ΢Ҳ֪˵ʲô
·æŸ˽⣬賺һĵӣ˼ǹ
лл΢ѰȻϲĿζʱû£͹ȥˡ
ллۣȻܿģ͵͵˼һۣק΢յʵǱʲô
ȥŽ룬ǰҴࡣ΢򵥽͵
㲻ٴȥǼҪ겻ˣ
Ҿáզ죿΢̯֡
˼ŮΧ˧磬Ҳܸ˲ǡ
ô˧ҲΧһµġ
ҪҲźͺǷһҲ
ͺͲ߲͵ȻȻѧһ
ѧǣ˵ĻȻѧȻ̧ͷˣ΢æͳǵݹȥ
ģȻЦŽӹǣЩСʳСģԺжǿ
ţҲˡ΢˼顣
ڵѧаСʱԱڵǼˡ
ҽ·ղæûüҽܡ·ת΢һʮŰࡣ
賺༶ͬϡ賺ӵ
Ǻá΢ͰȻһǸһ߰ġ΢ͷ
ѧԡ
һʮŰʵࡣ
ϵʽѧؼҡ
һ뵽컹ѧḴԣ΢ͷۡ

11

΢һ̬طֻ۾ǽվš
Ԩʳʱ򣬿ľôһ⾰
ǸأԨ룬ʣ
ţңͬʳһʧ΢۾ֺۣܿϡ
ŶԨɵذʳ£ִյ΢ߣǸк治
ͦģ㵽ʱҲԶ
ϸĸСԨ˶٣Ǻ뿼Զģʱѧһˡ
ԶɣеһвǴģĻʩʦΧһ΢Ȱ
ţʱϰͿˡԨͷ
΢֧һ£ԴǵʱѰȻйԨϰ
վСʱ΢ȶӲˡ
ĥĥԼǽϰ΢˿ʱ䣬תͷԨҵдˣԤϰԤϰˣϰϰˣ
Ԩһ졣
ѧһʦ벼һҵҲ
Ҫȥ𣿡΢Ь﷭Լ˶ЬҪȥܲ
һȥһؼһЬӣԨɳϵһš
˶΢¥һһߵԨ
컹ţûֻ˿ֱʮӣӦˣʱ䡣
ԺȦǳȥܣԨҲһ˶װ
С΢ֲȥĻԲܾҹֵط
ܲʮӣҹСʱ˭ܵˡ
УǽԺܣȥûкõܲ·ƼԨ
˶йصĻ϶ŮõĻشЩ
СͦҲүүڶ
һһ΢ܣǲԲҪٶȣܼЧá
Ԩ󷽣һܻһĺ΢졣
ѧûûнѽԶûʲôţ
ʱԨʮΪʲôСһһϾûͣ
΢
ش𣬵ʵ˵
ûеõشԨҲ뵽ʲô˾ͼʡ΢Լ˵츳
ԴɻУ
ҲΪԨע΢ȦȻûôۡ
һʮӣ΢ͣ£ǰš
Ԩַ߲һ¡
¥һ΢һϢ
Ԩǻ״̬΢Ϣʱһѵġ
ؼҡڻ΢кԨ
ţǰ棬ںš
ԸоѾϢˣʵ΢·ЩƮ
¥ʱԨţһСĲȿȥ
΢ͻؼңԨ뿪Լҡڿվ˻ʱˣ΢ϴ˸衣
ڴϣ΢ֻ˿ûϵ
˻裬΢ֻ
˯ӽ쿪ʼ
ʵ֤˯һ
΢Ժ
˸جΣεԼûñžһ١
ڻһ䡣
緹Ϲ
³ʱպÿȻӳ
簡һ·С׷΢Ȼ硣΢
컹й㲥վԱŶȻ
˵ͷˡ
ûµģԵ˺ٵġȻο
һ·˵Ц˽ҡźۺڰϽտα΢óӦĿαǰԤϰ
ԭƻһȥԷҪȥ칫ңܰҪȥɲ칫ңҽˣ緹ֻʣ΢ͰȻһ
͹㲥վΪ̫ѸԷˡȻ΢УȥಿŵĸԶڽ硣ϾҪʼŻˡҲ˼һλ١
ˣô˵ȻȻ΢Ҳŵˡ
ɣǾ賺ࡣܶ糤ὲ滭ɵӡ
賺·ڹ㲥վǱߵⲻ
ʱĳͻˣ΢Ϊ
ȻҲûиڵһʱСһ֣λ˼򵥶ˡ
Ȼ׷ۣ΢ȻܾתһȦһҸպÿճһӵ׷۵ꡣ
ҪҰĢ׷ۣ΢СݡȻ
һ˻ݲ˵ġ΢µ
˺ܶ࣬Ȼ΢档緹һʱҲϲ졣
ȻλſڣһȻ˵һֱ⣬΢ػͷͿ賺·վſ֡
ʱĵ϶ҲΪҲ֪ôڲų
кԭΪҪߣû뵽ſһ£ֱ˽
΢ͰȻԭټҲ¡
΢ԭ棬賺·ˣæȻǱȥߵλÿճȴûվ賺·һһˡ
΢
һһŮһߣ
˶ţ΢վţȻԼͶɻĿ⣬΢ĬĬƹ·ÿ˵˱ˮˡ
΢ԴӾѵˤӺûȥ㲥վ賺Լ·죬ɴͲŰȻġ
ҪȥŻ𣿡·Ȼʵ
û뵽Լܵ΢˰Żɻؿ·
ǲҪȥŻ·Ҳûظһ顣
ţҪȥǱ߿΢ͷܲܰҴࣿ
Ȼᵽˣ΢ҲûҪ֧֧ģպ˶ڣҪ˼ô
硭賺˵һ룬ͱ·˻⡣
û¡
Ǿллˣ΢룬Ǻȡϣ
˵̲ģȷ˵ϲϲ΢ʱĿڡ
ţʱ򻻸ġ·
緹ĸƵߡ
賺ͰȻĵúܿģ΢΢󼸲Ҳǰš
ʲôţ΢ˣ·ͣµ
硣
ϲ
ϲ
ôȥ磿
续ˮˮī衣⼸Ҷử
һһ΢·˵Ҳĵÿġ
ؽҺȻذŵʵ·ô
ͦõġ΢æдҵͷҲ̧
еĿĿξͲҵʱôҲҲ
ڶдϸȻ룬¸ѧȥ߰ࣿ
ǣֻڸܲȡʱ䡣΢ҡͷ
𣿡ȻЦЦǼҵһǡŮӵȻݵġ˭˭ù
нˣиеʱسԣѧֵʳϰ˶ȻôݣʵϺܶʳҸþòųһΣһҲһ㣬еʱһ裬Ȼȥ赸ˣÿϻǻڼ
ͦġ΢̧ͷҲָݵֻҪ־С
ͰɣֻҪŬ˿϶ܳɹġȻ˵Ҳȥҽļĵãʱһݸ㡣
л

12

Żʱ΢ʰöͰȻкˡ
Ż¥һ¥΢ʱŰ뿪ţѾ˼ˡ
΢ЦŵͷǴк΢˸λá
½½ˣԻѧʱ򻹳΢ЦЦ
ɨһȦ»ϳÿ˭糤ѾˣǸʶ¾ȺǸûˡ
ŻһҲҽܺͽСϷĴ
ʶǸ㣬һѧ
΢һȦϷ˿ʱˡ
Ҳ¶΢ﵽԻ߶£˴ѧҹ㲥վ߿𣿡
Կԣûˡ
ѧټ
΢èŵŻҡ
й㲥վԾˡ糤ԻĽһ䡣
΢㲥վԵص㡣
ܵʱѾˡ
΢
͵ˡ
ǽϢһ΢Ӻſͨ˱ڿᡣ
ᶼһˣٽȥ̫á΢˻Ȼ˸Ϣ뿪ˡ
ٳ˶ϵڻҲС·ˡ΢ĿĵйţҲ֪Լȥ
ѧЩʱ䣬΢˸Ȧؽѧ¥˸ϰдҵ
дϾܶʱ¥ܲ
İȻ΢ĵַҵ
΢̧ͷŷĲֹȻһˣ賺·Ҳš
дҵԽԽáȻ΢Աߵλãѧڲûܼʱʡ
տѧҵѣǺܼ򵥵ݡ
дһƻҵʱ΢賺ͰȻһѧ⡣
ʼˣ賺·Ҳս֧Ŷ˻΢û̫óα˷ԭǻûĵط
ѧԵҲ
΢ĬĬóд¿ҵ
Ա۵Ȼ죬Ѿдҵûȵѧ΢ĵֳԴȥڲݸֽдд
ѧϰǵģԼġ
΢ſһᣬ˯һͬѧ͵͵۲һ¸ڵ۽ȣóĿα
İɡ
һ뵽ЩҸֿڵҪеĹģ΢˲ͳѧϰĶ
е˱Ҫʶ΢Ļǲġȫͨ顪ͨȻټӿ٣ȣƿż鱾Ҳܼסݡ
΢ſαĿ¼˼ƪϳĿıС
ڹĵУѧ΢ҲûǰȻ߹£ѧ
Ŷ΢ͷһʰαһﻹ߶ŸռסĿġ
Żû๮̼飬Ȼҹƾȫˡ
Уŵ·ϰȻ賺ƺѧ΢ĬĬں汳ġ·קһӣܵ޷ǰ΢ת˰Ȧͷɻؿ·ﻹ߶ſġ
һʱЩΣЩЦ
΢Ϊ·²ŻקסԼ
·û뵽΢ôִŵػڱģһʱ˸ղ˵ʲô
ôžͲˣ
һֱ۳УŵİȻһתͷ˲ˣֺ賺˻
ҿıͣ롣΢Ȼ˵
΢ʣгӵġ
ĿԶȥ̧ͷ۶湫վŵһȺˣ΢ԼҲӦûؽҼιġ
ⲻ֪ʲôʱܼϳˡ
΢룬ǰһվߣҲȥ
ߴΣ΢Ըһλ
϶΢Ŀ
ûγһ죡
ԷǽԨһ¥ܲ죬裬˯
ʱ仺ǰߡ
϶˻ʱʱһȥԷ
˵ʱ΢û賺·
ͰȻ˵ʱ򲻹ȥʳûȥ棬ÿζ賺·
ÿܲһϢ΢վھӸǰڸоԼЩĿͻЩԶ
ͰļûٷʱԾżεԼûɵĹ΢Լδ
о˶Խƾ֪Ⱦܿͷҡֱϣڿдҵ
ǵõľĿҲǵòƱн롣
΢̾
ôˣһŵ̾Ȼŵ΢ӱϣ㲻ȥ
ɵİ༶ܹʱڿŽһõİ취ȻŽ
֯
԰༶ΪλнֻǰĽƷá
ʦΣ㲥վͼɲչһʱѵȻѾʽʼˡ
ߵѵ˵ЩڲĸҪǸ߶ѧѧǸɸѡ
ȻѡڼĲ֮һֻҪͿԲμӣ֤ڲϾͿɳأֲ¼־˲䡣
΢˱ʱ䣬û쵽ֻ֤ܵһĹںͰ༶ͬѧһж
ʵ׼ü֤ҪȥȽѧҪһȻʵ
òãҾ͸Ű༶һɡ
΢ǵõǸһʮŰ˹ھ
ΪһʵྐྵȻô˶ʱ˶ܳԾ
ڶǲˣ΢ڵĸһ߰࣬ܲңڶλǵξͳˡ
ԺıʱҪôȥΧ۱İ༶Ҫôɻ
ʱͦʱ䣬΢ͼݿ˺üС˵
΢ҲôģȰ༶̭ҸϰÿдҵϰżС˵
Ͼпԡһĵһ˺ء
΢ǸܻǰȡǰЩϧǸŮֻվڳ߸༶͡
һԸһʮӮˣʦ˵øÿͬѧ˸
Ķս黹ûʰ΢ͰȻͬѧһűȥ
Σˡںͼɲһάɵܹ֪ı˭𣿡
˭
һʮŰࡣ
΢
ãֱǿBossˣҲʱ˵ȥҲǱھܵġ
ճ̺ͼв̫һ
Ȼĸһ߰ҲǺܿͱ̭ˣ̭ǵĲǸһʮŰࡣ
ڸһʮŰҲѡ֣ҿˣС˵
賺·Ȼʡ
ţϺܺãǲڣûȺŮľְŮڸǼ͡˻˵ʲôһĳһ
΢
̫ʵˡ
˵賺·Ǹģ΢˧ϱֺһЩջһȺСá
׼ѱ䡯Ϊϵþ͸Ǽͣ
ǹ㲥վģҸ֧ǰ࣬ʱĸɲһȻǱߵѧ˵ѾյöдǵĸˣһĲɺõıѡҶҲû취
ߣŴչܰ˻ȭͷǰһӮġ

13

ܰˣɲǱڵ
ҲŻϵأȻҪȥ㲥վʣ΢˸ĵطվţȱʼ
ǱߡȻ˵
΢˳ſȥǼŲŸβŮ
Ҫ
һʮŰӡ
ҵ졣΢ˡ
ôʽģȻ׼ӣ΢һȦΧͬѧԼһ¡
ӵŮֵܸߣ̧ͦͷŲ򣬽˹
ںǸһʮŰΧȺڣÿʽ졣
֮Լ̫ʽЩ˵ˣõļ߶ûС
򳡵ͬѧȻطֳӣһ߰ļһ𣬸һʮŰļһ
΢պþվڸһ߰ߣ˶û
żƲñǾһЦЦǼӵŮһֱ߿һ߿һźҡҡͷ
ڹ۲ǰŮ
šЦȻ賺·ĹϵãǸŮǹĤһ´еİͬѧжƯϧڡ
٣ҴǼСױǺÿˡ΢
ӢͬҲ
߰ĴûгԼ֣΢˿⡣
ھ͵ؼʣɹ·һΣֲźڳ벻ɡԺô죬ѹû
Ϊÿ춼ܼʱû˵ʱȴҲҲǸеˡ
źǻ˼̡
΢ȤҲһ
˶һС˵
ΪԹŮ͵鲻ϲС˵ֵģʵֶԷñԼûࡣ
ȥ鵥ѧУͼеֵһС˵ϲʲô͵ġʲôҪҲԸңҸƼԲڵС˵
ţлл΢ͷԸ̾һ䣬̫ˣ
Сʱɵϰߣÿ춼һʱ俴飬˳дСժ滹ľӡҪջ۵ģҴСĳɼһֱҲʦĶҼһ۵ĶкͺþѾܵһš
ܰһ򵥵Сϰֵ߳˶ֵþ壬΢ĺ顣
ʱнˣͼɲάɵҲˣҪϳѾ·档
ίΧȥҪϳʹһ΢û붯קȥˡ
Χ棬೤Ͱั˵Ϳںŵ飬΢ЩĲɡ
أȻоԼļ΢ΪԼͬѧס棬ͺĵá
ָˡ
΢ЩŭػͷͿ˶賺·һվԼһͣڰƺ׼ģһĵ˦һ֤Ķ
΢㶣ûȻڵʱôԼ
Χ˻ÿѳ΢͸һʮŰ
ҿ˿΢ЩΣԼͬѧˣֻǺ棬ЩŮĿú޲õϴһ
𣿡
΢ûڣƹȺվһһʵ
ѧǴġ賺·һֱ˦˦ȥļ֤ùݸ΢
Ŷлл΢
궫ˣȫһ΢̫ӡ·һ仰û˵ƺֻ賺һģⷴ΢˿
󲿷ŮûôˣǼŮһֱ΢ȫû
ͷ˿յֵļ֤дԼֺͰ༶ǰȻᵽıõġ
ѧһʼ׼ҵļ֤ˣ
ǵĿ⡣΢ļ˵
ţҲġ΢
ȷô˵۹⣬ҲݹҲֹΪĺñ׷ҪϵʽΪϿûԸҲ
˵Ŀ΢˵ûôҪǸԼܻԱܻ˱Թڵᡣ
ô꣬΢˵ЩΧ˵ĸĿܻӰͻ
΢ֲΪ˱˻ġ
ûʼһʮŰϳůԼŮҲΧ˹ȥֻʣ΢վԭأݴС˵·Ǳߵֺûϵһֱʼ˲ߵվãԼͬѧһ༶͡
Ȼûʲôģϰ볡ʼʮӣķֲѾʮ֡
΢ҲǼʶΪʲô賺·ջôСãò˵ı˧
һʮӣϰ볡°볡ʮӡ
һ߰Ŭ׷ϣκ賺·̫ãˮƽҲϰ볡ȷѾܶ࣬ˡ
гϢ˸ͬѧˮе˴չȥȷ硣ίڸǼʹ
гϢʱһ߰ڳͬѧΧһȦһ𺰿ںţ΢ĺܴߵһ£賺·Ҳ
ƺûʲô˰·Ȼ˵
š賺ͷȻ󣿡
Ȼż֤ȥıع䡭ǣ۲ô·ʵ
߱ˣ
Ҳø˱ֵĻᰡôŮŵģʱָ˵ǵķͷˡ
賺㿪ľͺá
˵Ͷ·ҵ೤ίʾԼ賺ϳˣй㲥վߵûɡ
ֲҲ̫ܱ׷ټϰ೤ԼҲϳһӣ׼°볡Ϣ
Ůһ̾ϢҲû취ƽʱҲ˵ʲôԵ֪αǸһ߰ʱ뿴ǺİȻǺηʥڿ賺·΢ʱ򣬲ŻĽʺ޵һֱ
ô·ˣȻ˴΢ôƶӮˣϳˣ
΢˳ſȥȻѾʰļ֤ڲϡ
΢ȻֲõԤС
ȥ˲Ȼ΢׼
ãʦһڻġӦ͵Ц뿪Ҹ㷢Ϣ
ţ΢ĺˣûע⵽Լ͵͵Ӳ˱ء
ô˵ҸεĵطŵϢɡ΢ôţû߼ոͿ賺·վ·ߡ
ʲôʱģ
΢תܣһ־òԣʲô
óֻװڴ绰ӣ΢첽߹·קסӡ
ʲô賺ʣһȥĳؿɡ
Ҳȥ
ѧر𽻴Ҫ㣬컹Ҫӵġ·͵
ûλǲܽģ΢˵һȥѼ֤ǣǾ͵ûҹ
ˣĥˣ뽪ѧ㣿
΢ˡ

14

΢عոֻص
ôôͻˣһֱĵطɻǰߣǺžͳȥˣûǰɣ
ֹһû߼ؾͱסˡ΢
㡭
ǰ鳤ѹңô죬ֻܸȥˡ΢ʰöѼ֤Һãһģ
鱻Цˣļ򣺡߳ҷϢ㡣
á΢ͷʦ˸٣Ŷ뿪
賺·ûһȻ˼뿪ҲֻƳһûϡ
ܵŮǡ顱Ŀһֱ׷Լ΢ʱ˺賺·෴ķƺôһȦƻؼϵĵط
˵ãȥҲȥģǷֿߣһֱӽѧġ΢
ɲ賺·һжǴž۹һĿ϶ȺеĽ㡣΢Ԥĵ͵·߲
С˽һߣͷͬ⡣
ߡ賺
ɵؿһۣ΢Ҳû룬Լıȥ
賺·һξ룬ں档
΢濴ȻддģһȥάɵԼˣʲôʲôȫԺ󣬹ż֤΢Сųܰ
ôֻоһܰͷ΢ʱ㶡
ٺ١΢Լļ֤˦档
ǹ㲥վġܰȻ漴ɻ㲻˵ʱûõ֤
̲ҪҪ΢⡣
аɡܰĴ˿Զŵ賺·˲²⡣ǹ㲥վѾ˾֪ԼıǺǰ࣬Ǻ΢һ𰸻Ҫ˼
ǰôˣܰʵ
賺·Ȼ΢ʲôϵҪֻҪԼҽû۸СʲôŲģʱ仹࿴˧硣
ҳ֮ǰֲѾ󵽻ܷˡ΢
ܰ̾ˣڲ
ǰ΢һͷ
ڡдزģܰʵ
ţʲôõزṩ
˧𣿡ܰק΢͵͵ָһ¡
ͦ˧ģܵزİ΢ҡҡͷ˧磬ȥǱתת֪𣿡
ųھźųأԼҰɡܰڶųء
Уҹȥתת΢
תһȦȷûʲôдģ΢ܰ뿪
ۿ·賺Ҳ뿪ˣܰ룬͵͵΢˸Ϣעˡ
ӵϢ΢æͷȴû賺·վԭ˼һ΢Һȥ￴
һ߰͸һʮŰıĺųأźܽվĺųʵǿԿųصġ
΢·賺Ȼˣ϶ԸٻȥԼһȺŮעӡ
ӦȥŻŵģţ賺·
ȥ·ҡͷҸطɣҪǻҪǰһûҪעĶ֡
á賺һԭ㻹ǵ¡ı顣
·Ȩû
ǰҪˣʡ
š΢벹̿ԱȽСҲǲڡ
㲻ðοңұһʮŰʵ˵ǰܻĵһԹúõ˶ôͽ˹㲥վΪȥ㲥վҪˣȽվܾˡ
΢
һأ
ǲվһ࣬˹ϵɺˡ
һࣿȵȣûǴĻȽѧĿ
Ŀ
ǲǸоʮֹ죿ЦǲҲôΪġ˵ܵΪ߶æѵûʱѧĻֵˡҲ뵱ͨԱ˶ʱֱӱŵװס
Ŀư٣˶Ŀһ㶼ǰίֱָɡһûϵֻҪ˲μӰ༶ͻл֣෴һûб涨ô༶ǻᱻ۷ֵġ
˶ʱջǰİ༶н״ͽƷ
һֻſ˧ܰͬ΢ṩ˼дزģȻ󲿷ֶǱϺܳģܱûкá
˻죬죬΢˸ȦڵıأһȥͿ賺·վڴƺѾվ˺ܾõӡ
Ѿ΢ˣҲŤͷܡװʶվſˣ΢ĿбӺȻ·
ǰˡ΢ǰָָ·賺Ǹոҵġ
΢Ŷ
ѾȥܰǱˣô
õúܣ˧翴þ۾ġ

ԹҲֻкܰһʱŻ˵Щá
΢˼ЩʲôȻϵıʼǱݸ˵Ǽ߻Ҫ壬ܵдزĵݣʵġ˶٣˵ǵûңһǻ¼ģȱز˿ҡ
лл΢һܱ˹ȥ
ҳҲǹ㲥վߣȻдˮƽûôߣ㲥վĸҲд˲٣ʲôĿҡ
õĺõģ̫лˣ΢źıӣǹ˼ֳôˣ޲˹ȥϺһڡ
ܰҲǼߣҲȻ˵
õĺõġ΢סˡ
Ȼ̫񣬵ʵ
á΢ͷȻٻȥһܰ
ϼ¼дԼıʼǱϣ΢صųء
˧𣿡΢ֻˣܰץʮֿĵطԼ·֣ǹ㲥վֵͦ߰
ô㲥վ
д겻ȥˡҿ϶ʺϣȥֻܵߣ绻µĲŸ档ܰ˵İɣǲǻ˵Ҹдúãȡ
š΢ͷ
㡣ܰ̾˿룬زûеģдԷңҰ㿴ûʲôҪ޸ĵĵط
ã
ǵһ
ھȥ򣡡
ˣʳҪǱҹƾҪдˡܰæקס΢´˵
ܰ˻˧磬΢뿪ˡ
ճžͱ·賺ס΢ؿǣ
æ̲衣
΢ûзɾ衣
ҲҪд壬Һ賺ṩزģдô
΢ɶ
㶣û˼ͣӦ΢æҡͷддҲдҲдԼд໥дԷ
ʱдһд⡣·΢Դϲ᲻һ¡
ͬϡ賺Ҳ
ûֵ֣ʱ·һɻˡ
ô࣬ǻˣҵ̲붼ԣ
΢ɲдԼĸУϻҪѲݸ崫ܰ
һ´ȥ΢ѾԤϵŻôˣ

15

͡ҪҪ賺·زд⣬΢˰죬ֱѧû
ƾвգ΢Ϊ֮һ仰
Ҳд
賺ˣҲ·«ʲôҩΪʲôҪ΢дǡѾû΢ۣ·ƺ
ѡһҪôдҪô֮ΪרְСÿǡ·룬Һ賺۲һȦϿȷǰõһǰºͽѧ˵һһרС߸Ųɷǲְɣ
·ЦеĿ΢
΢
ǰôû·ôӵģ
˵õĶ˵õı˵õĴ崺أ
˧֪
΢Ĭ
Ȼ֪賺·ȥҽѧ϶ͬġ
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Удһ죬΢޺޵ض·賺дʲô˵ǲԤ
á·ͷ
һؼˡ΢һӶҲǰԶϤýϤˣԼе·ʵϵ·Щԭǻһò˵ġ
ÿ˶ǶģǰֻҶԶ΢·ºһ棬·ദһ档
ȻҲųͬѧ·ͬѧֻ붺
΢תߣѧһˣżΪ֪ȻҪڹ㲥վʰһܳ
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ףֻһ˰һΪ賺·һءȻĴ˿û˵Ӱ
µ˰ɡ΢
賺Ϣ˵Ǻ̲衣Ȼ΢Ҫȵ𣿡
ȵȣһҪ΢̲ڼʵ˵̫ѺãһǱˡ
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УϽؼҰɡȻ
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ˣҲŲء˵ְѱӵ˻ȥҲǲ׼˵ˣ鵽Ϊֹ͵û
΢ԭƻǸڿμʱѸӽˣתһ룬һʲôãŸ߽ѧƪԼд𣿶ұ˶ĸûУÿֱ뽻һƪӣǸ˶뵽ƪдġ
΢ſμָһƪ࣬дһ㣬ȻڱӦ£Ҳ;ƷϹϵ
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Ժȫߣ΢ƽͣԼѾԿʼдҵˡ
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д賺·
治ǵĿС˿д壿
ȻЦöۡ
賺·ȻҲƪ
΢дúҲûǿҲû뵽д˿û׼ֱӱ΢ɱ
ǿװҲУȻûȫһʮŰͬѧ·ͬѧ־ָԻ𣿱˵ˣԼ񶼲̫ԣһϳô͵͵С˿дֻ˵ĸ
ؼλ˿ıʲдͦø㲥վѡжˡ
賺·ˡ
ʯͷԼĽš·ߵʱ賺С˵һ䡣
·
ҿ
ڶ΢дòԼǺͬͬյһˡ
ϰ볡ֲܴ󲻻ᱻ賺·ϼ֤˸پͳȥˡ
㲥վѾİȻڵЦֱ
΢̫вˡ
ò׻һתͷ賺·˽ȻֿʼЦˡ
΢أͬʡ
֪ȻЦ߻ش
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ӵϢ΢
·ü
԰Ҫдģ
ۿʱ仹΢ʰö׼ҸᱻֵСĬĬ㵽ѧ
̫ˣ
΢ᡣ

16

ʰö΢ϰҺţƿһ⿴
ûˣұûˣϰ¥ݺֻܽҪٶȿ죬϶ܳȥ
ʣµľǿ׽Բˡ
У԰ôҵ
ʹǻҶԼȥһˣٴҲˡ
ƻС
΢ǵԼ˸ޡ
Ьϵãȷһˣˮඵóڻһ΢ţֱ¥ݡ
ϰ¥΢µ¥¥֮䣬ȻŲæ¶̽ͷȻ賺·
һһҵأ
ϰҵŲȫľͷģмǲվҲܿ棬ο󲿷ѧϰϰ߰뿪š
죬ȥǲȥˣһӭײϣ΢Żص¥ò¥Ԥһ˵ж·ߣ¥ߡ
˸ԶߵֵܳǸ¥ݣ΢̽ͷ¿ûӰ
С¥쵽¥ʱ˽Ų
һһ¸¥ݶ˵սľģ߹¥¥һ¥֮ƽ̨΢˲ô࣬ȫȥ
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΢קһƳקԼˣţôŵģ
賺·һһץĸ첲ֹˤҲ˳ֹܡ
΢ҿǿһȿ޻ѿЦСʵλ˧°
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֪΢ҡͷ
ôûȥ

17

ȻʱһȺŮΧȥʡ
ģ˺СָܴõϢ
Ҳ֪Ȼ޹̯֣ǵȥʼ鳤ǲֻ
ŶŮųɢˡ
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ɢȻµͬʱ΢Ƥգգ۾
΢ûҶ±˿ʲô˽ֱ˸͸Ȼ
һʱҲȥ΢Ҳˣ˰Ȼȷʾ֪ʣ賺·ܰ˵ȥʣµòʽѧȽѧҲܵõ𰸣һĲȥ߶ѧûôġ
һҲ͹ȥˣ΢ԲӦ䡣
ƻС
һߣһʮŰࡣ
Ůһܺ棬ǲΧȥ賺·Ǿ͸ˣڴҵίչȥдСøǽһ£ддҲ¶¶
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Ǻǡ΢Ƴһ·ġ
ʱԽ̭İ༶Խ࣬ϰҲԽࡣ
ûҵսңתһȦ΢ȥͼݡ
ͼݵطҲͦģиֲο飬ֻⲻ̫Ҫְ
ͼռһŴӣ΢ͰȻһߣ賺·һߡ
óѧҵ΢һóġ
дҵȻǴӺдĿʼȰѧдˣԼвľͿֱӲο΢С̡
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賺·аȻѡƣҳʦҲƳɼŮѡƣΪѧѡרҵ࣬Ժĳ·ࡣ

ѡ࣬ôѡûϲģʲôá
˼һ£ѡƵѾһˣȻҪѡһġ
Ҳûסĸ߿⣬ԺѡĿƻû𣬶Ҫͷѧ
뵽΢ղдµĻһһд
ţѡĿơ

18

΢дҵʱ͵͵̧ͷһۣ˵ͷƺںѧҵ
룬պҵ΢óӢ
Ӣʱ΢ٴ̧ͷ賺·ͰȻ֮ǰû
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ѧȻ˸ͣȻСһ䣬ϰ
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ѧԺͨ˹Ȼкܴģͨ˻ΪҵܶѧѾʼдϰˡ
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ĬĬдѧҵдһֵʱ򣬷ѧպ
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Ҳ֪賺·ǲˡ

19

ʱ仺߹һʮŰõһ죬΢дһƪͶ壬ϧûѡе塣
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20

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˹Ų˻ֵ΢αϱĿ

21

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ֵԨÿγôҲ֣Ϊ΢Ľ˺ܾá

22

ʮ֮ûʲôļˣĽҲʥڣƽҹʥڣϧż١
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ȻԵʱʱԾһµĻҲλ
ѧԵĩϰʼǱ˽һ£ĩرߡ
аĩʱıʼǱҳӡһ¡뵽ͬѧǺıʼǱ΢ܴĵذѡд˸ӡ
˵ѧԲָң賺·ȻҲԼ˵һ𿴣ʦͬĿ϶Ҳ𣬾Ϳָˡ
ȷǱʼǣӡ񶼲̫ϲϿμǱʼǣʹмǱʼǵϰߣʼǱϴҲһܿġ
󲿷¿϶ŮıʼǱϰá
ܼʱ£һأ
ҲԪûĩءɹ⿪΢ܸˣٴлл㣡Ҫ˼·ڵʱҵƵӡ󣡡
Удҵɣвңҽһ춼ڼҲţҲû顣
ţ
ʵһǺܴİɣֻҪ֪ʶصͽͲˣ
΢Ÿ裬ã·ǰ;һƬ
״ֻ̬ûһԭЦ΢˫ץԼͷŸ鷢ΪɶΪɶôʹһõһˣԭأмʡԵĲأ©˼ڿβ©˼ûϰ
дҵıȳȥܲĥˣֺµ⶷ãͷץˣ΢ƣſϰοԼ¥ܲѧ̫ҲãҪϣԣݽϣ
ɹȰԼ΢ԥ±ʻܲװ¥ˡ
һƵ޷԰Ρ
СԨأûѧϰ
Ϊ΢׼ת鲹ӪʳһŲŷûˡ
¥ܲȥˣȥʱﻹ߶ʲôݽϡ֮ģߵÿɴæˡ鷿дҵԨŽ͵
Ѿͷһѧôùģһ£ˣΣɴӵݸԨСԨѧϰˣ΢Ϣ£Щȸ㣬ҿ۳ˡ
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ǵҽٳ԰ɣҪָ֪ˡԨҡҡͷͶŵĸϰС
¥¸경΢ֻˬ˶ˡ
û뵽ܲôðЩҵȣԸܻ
ܲôе˶Ѿϰˣӵܲʱ;뻹ܲԭ·̺ʱ䲻أ
΢˼
ˣƻ϶ϲϱ仯죬ٽپɡһдҵ˸оѾԹȲʺ˼ָӵĶ
΢ط˼
ȻؼҲȱдҵˣôԺúϢһ£ҪϷתһ飬ˣϴǱС˵ûأ쵽黹ʱˡ
дҵѡϵռƻĩβ΢ãϲزסĿġ
ŸؼҵʱͱԼſˡ
Ҳǲ˶ҵд͵ܣԺǴתедҵĥĥ䣬˵ܲ㵹Ǻܻ
ŮĻأˣɶˤô΢ЬӴյԼǰЦⲻǽ̫ôԹؿչˣȥʿ׻˵úãĥ󿳲񹤣ȥѧϰ緹ʱţ
΢ĵر֤
ˣҲôһ˵ԼʱԼ滮ãӾС
֪ģ΢˿ȻԼ軰һת
ղ׼ʳûˣԼˡ
ɶ΢㶣Լ˵Լʱֱ׳ģһʱ䲻֪˵Щɶ
ŸձԼӼƻϻصһŵдҵƻ΢ĬȻٸӻȥ
̾ƿԼķŻ·ǰ΢鸴ӡ
㣬ʳԨʱӳ֣ҿһûԣˡ
УҾͲˣҾͳһСڣȻղŵĲͰˡ΢ֺ
ǾͷԾͳԡ
㻹ǸϽ߰ɣ迴ȻļӲҲûҵķˡԨ΢ǰ
ãϢϣҵˣ

23

ԽעʱʱԽԽǲ⣬ȷֵʱʱѾȥܾˡ
ʱ仺ʮ¶ʮĺţƽҹ
ʥڸպĩҲͦõģ͵Լżˡ
Ϲź޷ñӣΧ׵΢վվ̨ȳ
һ˻ûһߵİȻȥû΢ĺҲûΧҲûΧȴȥǺӡ
ҾͲõ滹Ƿѧʱƻģ紵ֱµ΢
壬ƽҹ
黹ôͺ˵
ƻҲƽƽҹĲѡʱѧУſڵС̵ϸʽþлװֽװõƻƽʱʮǮһƻڽֻһ
֮ǰ΢ͻʰȻҪҪǰЩƻװõƽҹó׬㻨ǮûȰȻشԼ뷨
ѧˣ㻨Ǯȥ̯ܿɹۣڻѧϰΪɣҪǱʦ֪˻ָô˵أһ֪ͨһ¼ҳ
뵽΢˸
֮֮ͰȻһ侫Ʒʱһ˺üƻ͸ϵõѡ
ͬĲ˵賺·˵ƻ΢ͰȻڷѧл͸ǣλȻû뵽Ҳû׼
ֻ˼һ£ûģȻ
ûյƻҺüļӲˡ΢ͷĲûˣ
ȻôȰˣȻ賺·ô롣Ŷܺ;ܾƻЩŮȫû΢ͰȻҲܸͣҲѹûҪƻ
ɲУֻͨƻˣԢﻹҪģһôӣ
˵ǽһԴǣðȻ΢ȱżؼңھȥƻ
ԢʵҲǸͨƻװÿҲһͺóԡһǰʻ΢Σѧô࣬Ҳ֪ʲôʱܻˡ
ǰЩȲ˵ǰ°װģһ𡭡Ҳ̫ƻֻװˡȻ
ؼҡ΢
ҲǣҲйʱͻƻģղǷӦǽѹûҪƻҲͲ뵽ˡ
֪ͿμԼˣҲܸ׼ʱ䣬Ƿѧɪɪжš΢ٴֹ̾ȥһƽʱȳʱզûôڿ찡
ĻҪҪҰְѳȥȣȻ
Ѿˣ
յҷϢôûȻ˻еֻ
㣬ҾͲһˣôҴֶ˭˵ԽԽģ
ǸõˣԤƵö໨˺ܶʱ䣬ôûҸûĵط
ⲻôһŲλǾҲ΢
պһµĹվˣ΢Ҵҽӹ賺·ݹžװ˸ֽƷƻ˵лָ˵ɱ򹫽
ϳˣٶǾֱӶ͸ˡ
΢һλϣ͸պÿ˹·ŸԸĸͣĵطȥ
ƺӦȻתͷ֡
Ų˻Ѿû֪֣΢һ΢һЩ
ϱůͶˣ͸硣
Ҳ֪᲻ѩأɫʥڰ
컹ûȥ΢˼ѾƮ졣
ʥڸأȻ˯ļʹĩҲԼųȥˣ˭Զء
ʵʵڼ˯ɣůͣ
ʱϲʱϲů¯˰΢ҡҡͷʼҪҪܲҲͣ
ҪѩȥܲƺͲǺܷˣûʲôڼҾļ˶硭٣
΢ƵһСʱ¥»˵
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˼˰컹û뵽취΢ɴط˼
ȥԨǣһǶǳһ˶һ취ͱԼˡ
뵽΢óֻö㿪бѡŵһ׸貥ţģʽѡѭ
ûԪҪĸ
Դѡ΢ûӣʱ䶼֪ѭٱˡöͳĺ֮䲢ûʲôֱӵϵȻܵ˱ھôЩľ롪
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˳װƻĴӱߺ߸߻Σ΢˼ԨǷƻû׼
ﵹиֹϣڻȥʼҲ֪ܲüǰ
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ԥһ΢ǾȻؼҿû¥ȥС򣬳϶аװõƻûѧУЩÿ
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У
ĻӦӳʮġ
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͸ɴһƻʱ΢ڴƻ
ҲŹͼ¡ҳˣƻˣװõЩϰ͵͵˵ܶС̵궼ǴõƻٻȥԼװġ
УԼְװһ͸ǣ׼ҵհ
ҺֵľͱˣԵʱ򻹵òˣСԨһС
ǲУȻͼȻúúðװģҲŪܸӵģ
ӵıҲᰡ
ƻ΢ƻصϣֻؿԼʱ·䵹ҳֲ׼ʼװ
ʵֱƷֽװ򵥵ģƻĴܰѲֽ£ٷڣһ㲻ÿͰ㣬
΢ܲԼӲֽøСӣòֽװһ£ͺĺװƽˡ
ϰľͼЩԨǸһ㡣
΢óֻƵİװ̳̿һ飬ּص㣬Ŷ֡
ڼ̳ƵһֱţҪʱͷţҪʱͰѵǰĲȥ
⴫衰Էʱ΢ϵһᡣ
깤
ÿң
΢ｫԼϸ佱һ飬ȻŰװõƻҡ
ҲҪʲôףȻƽҹҲ֪ЩϢģλķӦͺͬˡ
˵˼򵥵򵥵ôôӣôŪ˸᣿衣
ŮҪ˵װĵȷЩˣô˫ģְ֡
ԨķӦȫͬˣ
Ҿ֪㲻ҵģɱĻÿлл㣡
ǿɲ
΢ֿ˻

24

ڴ˺ܾõԪڵˣ
סУİɲԪǰһѧװҲΰںãм俿ǰճһұݽĿ̨
ȲǰɲҲסУ΢׼ȫûϵѧʱʰĻ́ͷʱԼӸǰΧһȦˡ
ǡս΢߶Ƚţʱ׼Ծǰ·
㲥վСͬѧһǳϲҲóд°ɣܰȿڡ
šͰȻϵصͷһһΣվڸԶЩĵطʱʱƳһۡ
أ΢ûŪǶԼҪʲôҪ˵дܰԼóԱ߻һأǵþѵڼλСŮֲĹʺıʡ
ǽ컹ҪװңõμҪ׼ʳʹҪıݵߣæġܰŵ̾һ
˵ص㡣΢Ѿ·ˡ
˵ôʵûȤǷֵѹд㴮ʣָܰգ۾һڴؿ΢
ûûղд˸ǣ΢תܡ
ܿͱסˡ
վΪ˶Ұ
ܰŵģ˵϶ܵģҿ϶ܡͷ
΢
ʱԾأ
ιιιҪ
ʲôѽֲһȫˡҲżʲôУؼҳ극дд궼ߡǲǱҸóдЩ֮ɣ˵ҪҪܾ£
ܰЦеؿ΢
˵
˵ɶ
ͽ˸£ǰԼΧ·ȫ΢̾˿һļƣʲôɲܺľܾ
أǰัҪæ鳬࣬ûգѾȰ˵æˣҲһ鲻˵ʴ󲿷ֶģøʦ´ʲôģȻ͸˵ίԱҪյһϵе顣˵ܰͣһ£ƺ΢һټ˵ҲдܶģͼΣҲһϣϰʱѾ֪ͨסУѧÿдΣʱٺίͳһѡһ£ʵľãʵ´λá
⣿
⡣ܰЦһܿ㲻ɣ
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΢ͰȻһ뿪ˣΪҽæۿԶˣܰƭǲԵġ
ûƭ˰ֻûΪסУϰʱһд˲ٴʣֻʣдǼˡܰЦ÷·һֻꡣ
飺

죺
ǲǲ𣬴ˡ
ʵҲǰһɢСĿһĴĿĹؼԾӻһų»ܽá
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оԼ񱻿ˡ
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һ£΢æҡͷʲôأŲ
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΢һͷһ˼ʲôʳȥȽϺá
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綼˺ô
Ȼ˵ίӦҲ׼ЩˮÿϰһЩʱ϶ʳܻӭ
ҴȥʳҲһǸԼԵģԸ˰
뵽΢ԺСʳѡдѡ嵥
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ɳǽҲͦҪװ
ȵȣƫ˰ƻ㽶͹ˣˣ
΢شӸˮջߣ뿪˴ҡ
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˸õĲСĲװһ΢һ£
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ʰϣ
΢ڴ׼Ϣһ£ȻһԼ˵⡪
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ԡ
촩װУ˰
΢̴Ӵ¹·
ԣ˯ǰϴ裬ҲͷˣɴŰɣʡʱ䡣
ʵ֤·дʼ򵥡
΢·Ȼûô
ҲΪļ϶ÿԲžᣬͲһˣǴɶǶ죬ɫһ
ûˡ
һ·꣬΢ڴϡ
˾ɣˡ
ҵŮҪʰ¹񣿡Ž辪ˡ
촩װ
㣬޷˭ܿ洩ɶҺȣ𣿡
ҿ϶ҪװһҪȥݽĿأܲһŮƯƯģҹ޷ȥ˰ɡ
ӴݽĿأʲô裿
衭Ϊɶһȥ谡Լ趺Ц΢ǳ衣
ŶŶҲðͦġ迴˿·еӷϣϸ˼һ΢Ҫһף
ˣģƭ㣡΢æ֡
ԼĿļ·ͣʱ΢һԿһԼϲԼɫϵ·΢ϲһɫ
ҲӺɫÿɫ֮ģϲϲʹϺòÿ£΢ĿǰŲɫ
Ϊɶƫɫ
ʣʾǿȥϲ졣

25

ϴ裬ͷ΢˯ڴϡ
Ԫỹڴʱ̫ѾǲøᶼôģԿ϶ǣٸһǾûвݵġ
Ҫ˯ȥһϰһΡ
ôţ΢ص˯
ôܹңܰʡ
š
պãæ¡ܰѾӡüõĴʺͽĿһݹٰȷһ鴮ʺͽĿܲܶӦϣȥһ³齱ڵĵߺͽƷ
΢ðɡ
лл΢ļܰ߳˻ˣֿУԼҲټһġ
Ϊʲô
˰
΢
ȵ̧ͷܰ΢š
ˣЦİɣ⡭
벻ɣǰѧֵġգգ۾ܰС˵ܣ˵Ŷ
΢ͷԷһġȴ˼ôܰ˱ôӣдʵ黹ǲˣ»ؾֵԼˡ
ܰûãͽ˽ҡ
ʵΪʲô벻Ӧ˵ʱ˼һҿȷܰڣŸ΢Ͻ͵ΪҲϵĻҪˡ
ͣһ£ƺǻʲôµ飬ҡҡͷ˵ʵ̫ˣ
˵϶ָܰһҲҡı飬΢Ҳû׷ʡ
׷ʲôŻᱻ֮Ϊ¡
˸оԼ֪飬Ϊ˱õ飬ǲˡ
ܾüȥĻᷢʲôµ顣
ͬѧ½½༶λá
ܰͰȻһǻܲ߻һҪͣˣǶҪڷȥĵط΢ֻռԼԼλá
϶Ǹ༶Ҫݶץһʱͬѧкܶ໥ͺؿģոµһ꣬ҿܸˡ
΢Ҳ׼˺ؿһһѾǵİˣҲ֪ʲôʱܿ
賺·ģȡϴƻĽѵ΢ͣʡλû׼ҪͰȻһںɪɪ
ûʼѾȲϻؼҿʼԼԪˣ
΢ĺؿȻģΪһ滭ߣÿؿ϶òʱʻպؿǸ˵Ŀͨ񡣺ؿ綼ʼ׼ģÿ컭һ㣬͵ѧϰƣʱķɡ
̧ͷһ۷ְȻڵ΢ЩᣬȰȻæʱקԼȥͺؿôȥҪʼˡ
ôţ΢øڴ˱С˵Լ¶ȻװкؿСȻߡ
ؿȥȻ̧ͷ˵飬һǰ༶ſȥ𣿡
ǲͺؿ΢ƴҡͷ
͵˰ſڿɻУһ㶼˷ĸŮעĿ
ҺһȥԼȥҲû𰡡ȻɻԻͣߡһؼҵʱͬҵǷһǣ
΢۾һͷʾⲻʱ򣬰ȻѾԼԼ
вУؿҪԼͲ塣
΢
ʵǿȥ̲ŵǰʱ仹粻ɵɵվ洵硣
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΢Ȼܾˡ
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ڶ˶Ϣ˵пص㡣
΢˼һ£뵽֮ǰ·ͼʱƳıչ֪ͨ΢ٻظͼݡ
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ȥͼݺԼ΢æֻͼݸȥ
ͼݹȻûѧ
΢ˢžͿ賺·Լ֡
ǰ̨ͼʦĿУ΢ȥ߽߱׼õĺؿ˳
Ԫ֣΢һһؿˡ
Ԫ֡賺ӹŷⷭȥ˰ðһ䣬лл
ؿøŷˣŷֻдռ˵֮ʲôʾûУҲѹ˻ɻ
Ԫ֣лл·ҲӹԼǷݣ΢ת׼ߣЦôصģ飿
һߵ賺ɴ۾
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Ĭ˼룬ȹ΢ȴƳĬ
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ûԱߵ賺ŵò˵ˣĺؿźһ
Ϊʲôأ˴Զ⣿·ЦЦҾÿˡ
ҡ΢֡
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ʲôʲôҲֻҪҪһվںеȴĶС
˵ò˵ġ仰·ϵЦάֲסˡ
һߵ賺Ѿ˼ôܴԼĴڸС
ţûᰡֻǾ˸ӡ΢ڲҾͻȥˡ
ţѧҺ賺ȥǡ·ڰ֣߰ɣ˳豾ٻȥ
飿΢뿪賺ʡ
ֲˣ߰ɡؿպã·
賺
ɹͳؿ΢ŸսҾͱȻק
ôãͳȥˣ
ǣ
ϲѽϿλɣʦӰ칫ûˮͿʼ
š
صλϵʱ̧ͷһۣһʲô֪ı΢һ£һߵæѾ򿪵ʳݹʾ
ſʦǼǵýҡ
Ҳд˳˶ˣ΢ȻоЩ
ãĵ˯
áͷ
΢ֻſһĿ񣬵û뵽Լһſ¾Ѹٽ硣
Ǹоͺǰҹ˯һǰһ뻹Ÿʣһʲô֪ˡ
ʶڰʱ䶼·ֹһ㣬š
֪˶ã΢ģģڽԼ֣·ӺңԶĵط
ƺǷֹвǸļ
ˣ˯˶ðʦˣ
΢۾Ժʵ
ʦʲôʦεϰ˻ϲϰˣ£˵˾ȥ˯ֱſŶ۾ã׼ĵȥˣ
΢ͣ۾Ķ۾ɻؿ˿Χֵͷ˿Լ·Ȼ̧ͷԼ衣
ڴ˯ſԼҵϣ첲ѹŵдһĺҵ
ҵ

26

˯ɵˣҵҲдˣһ죬Ͻţ̺˹ȥ˯
΢ɵغţ̣ʰϴصɽֱʱ˻µġ
ʱԾˣңξȻڰ죡ѧУ
΢֮ǰһֱΪʱԾǰڴ˯źټϰſϲֲһˣûг⣬ǸʱоЩȻľѡʦˮǰſϢһ
ͷʱԾ
ԾʱܳȻܸлԼһθĩǽŵգǣڴôõ˺ϳĿأ
賺·Ԫأ
ôһԪأ
ŶһһļУϸҲ

΢ܱꡣ
ûа취˵ԼҲ֪ԴЩʲô֮ǰܽĹɶ֤ʵǴġ
ͺһ˫ںڰе֣زŪıʱˣڶŪһһ㣬ƺûж⣬ƺ˶⡣
δ֪Ǹµġ
ԽԽµ΢򿪴ͷƣڴһԼ侲
ȻȷԷĶԼж⣬ôõķɡ
ʱԾΪĩͷͺ
΢Ұο
Ծʲô
仰˵ʱԾԭʲô
賺·ĺؿ
ϰ˺ܾõĳݣ
ǡʲôûע⵽Ķ
´ϷʼǱͱʣ΢ڴͷֻȷһʱ䣬ȻڱʼǱϼ¼ʱԾĿȣԼǼ顣
¼ƺҲûʲôãϢ̫ȫ޷óȷĽۡ̾˿΢Щѹ
ĺϰ׸谡Ȼû͹ȥˣ֪ȻǱûԪ¼
Լʾ֭дĴʣкԪ֣ܰ˵õԪǴĺóԵģǼԼ׼ĺؿĹ£賺·Ļ
ܶ࣬ź
ˣ˳ǰɨ֮Ķ϶ҷţֻҪ˾һҵ
ʱûſǲǾͲᷢʱԾˣ˵ԾʱЩ緢ڻؼҲʱ
Ҳ˵õµϢʱԾֹᷢϣԼԾǰô˯ŵԾ֮ǰҲô˯ŵġ
˵˯ʱԾڴϵģſ˯ŵôʱҲ϶ԾſϢĳһ졣
˼Ҳƽ飬΢ʼǱغãص˯
ڶһ磬΢ѵıӻ硣
緹΢ǰԼĺҵ
ǷżٵĵڶڣϹꡣ
ҲΪ˷ֹЩͬѧڹŹžǲʲôҵʦƺҵͳһӡһֽϣ涼Уһš
һǺܰѧϰֽϺܶѾʾɵҵ΢ܿģΪԼĻһδȫѧǰٶʡ
Ļл΢һҪԽȥԼһ١
鷳ҵд˰΢ĵͷ
鷳ĿĿд糬ֽϱĴ󲿷ֶƵġ
ĿƵҵȻЩģ
Ȳ˵ǾԴܴޱ˵ĺľӣһ΢ޡ
ҴСдռһĻŹһˡ
С²һ䣬΢ʼʰ䡣
Լҿ϶Լ΢˫ֲҿ˿˼Լʲôطʼ
㣬ʱңɱһԾȥˡԨźƿһ̽Դ˵
úúã֪ˡ΢Ӧ
տԼֻı¼дԨĸĸϵķɻԸϽʰԼķӣ緹ҪȥԨҰһʰһ顣
Ϲأȴʼɡ
òĻ߲õϷţʼǱ÷һ𣬸Ҳռһ𡣸߰СҪʱûõøװ÷ϵɺ
΢ɵʰš
ȻҲԼӵĿ꣬ԼǸĳʱҵһڷĺؿ
Ȼܰ顭һһŴһ飬΢¿賺·ĺؿ
ںɪлߺȻһȥ̲ؿˣ΢һһߴԱЩһȦŷ⡣
룬ˡΪͨĺؿû뵽澹ȻֿԹװε΢֮Ϊֽĺؿ
˵ͦÿģзʱ򻹻תȦȦͼҲϲġ
һϵеģҲ֪ϵжٸղˡ
ôÿĶǿ϶ܹҳģҲ˵ֽʵĶҲʵ׻װʲôʱ뵽˾ʲôʱóɡ
װʱ΢ŷﻹһƴСؿÿҲ֪϶дšԪ֮֡ף
㣬ƺǵ˺ܾöûܵٻ΢ԼֵԨţһžͿԼҽ㿴һŷЦÿġ
Ҳ鰡Ԩԥһ£Ǿˡ
ţɡ΢źãſڵԨͷ
ãȥùߡԨ
Ԩڲʱ΢ҲûţȥæļҾ߶˸λã緹֮ǰԼҺͿѾʰˡ
ֱȥСԨҰɣıܵȥǾͲɨϵ֮ģǽ䶼ʰɾˡ
ţ극ϢǾȥ
˯ˣ
˯ʲôʰϢ
ҲǡԨͷʱ죬Ҫˡ
ʱͦġĬһ΢ԨզвҪпԨͬѧ
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Ҿͦõѽ΢Ц
Լа쵹ʱʱڰϳһٵֻʲôţ
ˣδÿ춼һ黭򵥵Ŀͨңÿ̧ͷʱ򶼸оһ±
Ǹͬѧտ΢ѧҵƺǰͬѧ˵ΪȦСĻʦ
Ҳˡ

ʱһļᶨǰȥΪκһͣҴҵĽŲ
͸ĸһڵӻǰĻ˵һ𵹼ʱ
ʮţˡ
һ㣡
һĻеʱӺǽϵʱһָʮ㣬Ҳžı㿪ŵ㷢͵΢ЦԨ͵һ𴫽
㣬֣
ţ֣
΢ֻظ
Ȼȱ༭õһףǷ͹ȥ

27

˵һҹǿ϶ꡣ
Ĳ˵ҹ΢ͺϲ
ҲͳżһΣϰоҹ΢˯ڶһ졣
͸ĸԼְֺ衰԰̫óԵľûˡĸУ΢ܻԼҡ
ź˯ţ԰ҹǰλŰɡвܹصƣڰĻ˯ҺڵϹֻ۾á
΢Ҳûͨɲͷ۾۵ģ
༶ȺĵĿģ΢һ߿һżظ䣬Ҫս˵СȺ
Ŷˣиڶս·Ĳ֪Լʲôʱȥֻĸ˵СȺ
Ⱥʱû˵ƶڵһʱѺѴ绰Űɡ
ȺϢ̫죬ʦҲڣҲʹĸ߰ѧϰûɶϵĻ⣬СȺͲһˣܰڣǲȱ⡣˵ˣקһܰһƶĵĲͣġ
ְܰǣ
&Ȼ&&&΢֣
ܰһ
ܰǮ࣬һʮҸԼ̲裡
ܰ׼Ȼײ˽һ£
ܰѹǮԼϲĶ
ܰңڼȺƴٺĹ
ܰţȥ̲軹ܲٸġ
ܰҵĺϢףҺˣ
&Ȼ&&&΢
죺ˣˡ
飺ǷǮĺ˼һ¡
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ÿһѹǮÿõǮҵѹǮࡣ
ϰ߾ͺá
΢һ㶼Ľ
Ȼĺô
飺ҪСǮҲء
죺νеþʧ
ܰҪǼǳɼҵҪѹǮȻڳжûֻǮУ
ܰɼҲҪܶģͷѾܾõĳǸ
ܰˣҿܲ᰾ãҰպ⼸û¾ͱҲڰȥ·ϡ
ܰջϾ仰Ѿĸ߸ȥ˯ˣǣ˯ˣ
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ܰһҲͶ໥˵׼˯ˡ
Ҳ֪˯м
΢ʱû˯Ĵ㣬ȻȥҲܰһ
΢΢ڼҪҪҼ棿ҲԴŶ길ĸûȥҲûݡ
ʱԣԨΣգһѵҵҪд
Ŷԣˣ¾пˣǺúѧϰɡ
ûӡ
ʲôʱҪǰ˵ҰϢ죬ʣµʱҵһڼҡ
Уû⡣
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ĵԼĸĵЦǶû˯΢Ȼץһʱ䰾ҹ
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ϴһףˢ죬΢Ҳ˼䣬˸ǷȻЩ
Ѿûˣԥһ£΢˳Ϸ׼˯
Ѿһ˰ڰҹҹŸոտʼû΢ֻ˯
ף΢㿪Ϣʮǰ賺·ֱԼһף
΢˸Ц׼˯ûȥصƣ賺ϢѾ˹
㻹û˯
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ҿܺʹ󲿷Ů̫һһͦϲҹģ岻Ҳ͹ʱһΣƽʱĸҡ΢ֻظ㲻˯
ѾͨϷ׼û¡賺ظҪҪһдɡ
ζΣ
Ρ
ˣ濪ԵĻҹҽͱ˯ˡ΢ܾԸҷӣпմ򿪿ȤĻ档
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š
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ǸڴϷû㻹û˯
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·˵ˣǲǸ˯ˣ
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΢˽ֻϵɽ۾ܿͽ硣
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Щ˴һ˯Ϊ˷Ŵڡ
΢ñӸסԴ˶ϣʵ֤ⲢûʲôЧ
žž
ըĿɻˡ
΢ƿŶ䰧ó
ֻһۡ
ڰ˵㡣
λ湻ġ
Դż˯洫ı΢ˣսʤ⣬΢ΰϴƵѰԼ緹
Ӵ˯Ҳ簡զô磿ڳæ΢һ¡
ҵ˯۾ŷζѰʳ΢ָĴžû꣬զ˯
Ǳͦģ㴰档Ц߻ͦġ
΢۾ԹضԼ裺ܲˣ
ʲôȥֲæȷﰭ¡ָˣ緹ûأȥԵȵ棬Ҳ
úúãߣҲﰭˣ΢۾ΰػεҳԵġ
һ·ûˣְһ̧ͷͿ΢ڲ輸ͷͷʳأԱŲ㣬㵲ҿˡ
΢̧ͷ
ϰֻأ
˭涨ֻͲܿˣŲ㣬ɵŰ
аȡ
΢ίԱƶһ㣬ȷٵԼϰֿӺŵͷʳ
ʳҪôһרŵĹҪôڲ輸档΢˼ɿֱ˼С㣬׼ҡ

28

΢ʱְ̧ͷɨһԼŮʳ¶һı飬ְû˵
΢
о˶ˣ
һģ˭˭ˣǱϵıڳԼ䣬øʳҪԼϰ
΢ί˵
صҷʳ΢ֻ㿴һ顣
ȥȺȺ磬Ȼû
Ψһܱܰȥ·ϣ˻ȷû˻Լ죬΢ҡҡͷˡ
Ȥ飬˳ִ򿪵ԡȴʱ˳˺һɿҧһڣ춼ɿĴ΢̲סǡ
Ȼʳʹ죡
о˶ˡ
ֻƳһۣ΢·Ϣ
ôô磿
˵ҿɾ˰
΢ɿָ裬ٴְѱڳѵ˵һ顣
òң㣬ҪǶ˯
ˣûôˣżһҹڶ췴ܾ񣡡΢ظôţѵû˯
ûѾ˯һСЩ˱ˮͿϢˡ
ŶŶ˯ɡ˵ܲǰˣ
ȻĵҾСػش㡪㡣
Ǵˡ
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΢
΢Ͻ˯ɡ
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ҪֲҺ̫Ѻá
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ʵڲе羰ˣĵͼôÿøҲ
΢˰οԼ
һҲǣ
ôţ΢ؽ档
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ֱӽƼˡ
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ǳƣ΢ɡ
΢ֵ䣬΢˼ϸСĲƣΥ͸С
ְҵ
š
΢ְҵĳʼװͽֿһ飬ԥһ£ĵѡǸѶ͵ġ
ȻϷָϤϷ米ʮ֮΢˳Ϸ
ȻΪһֲеϷʺң뵽ġ΢ʮֵذοԼһʲôΰҵд˻ǵӾ粻ÿ˻βˣ
Ϊһʮӻûִ塢ڼеʱˤüΣ·յرִBossһ˰겻Ծѵֲе΢ȷԼ羰ˡ
羰Ҳȳִ岻ǣ
Ϸô󣬶ֻССִ壬˵羰Ҳ˻ǻġ
ˢɣŷżٰѴƼĸֺþ粹һ£ʡԺĵֻš
һʮңһʮ𣬼ʹٲҲҿþˡֻ¼صһ֣΢Źһ£һɶҲҲôӾ簡
ҪȻȤıٹۿǺܸȤֱּɣҲÿһҪġ
ٲԱдҵͲ˷ʱˡ
ʮأдһƪġüʷδˣ
ҲҺʣµĴ󲿷ֶĿƵҵҪҵɲôһĶá
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ǡԼעأԣԼרעĲΪŵ΢ȡͷ͵
˵ĺһһ˽㣿ˮͷһ΢ϰᣬôҲڸµķϣͲ˵ˡ
š΢ʮֹɡ
ˣҵҲһʱģ漸죬֮Ҫ滮ÿʱ䣬ֿѧǰҵ󰡣һ־ͣ͡һƺ˼ҪĳͷͶûգ
ҿ϶ģ΢һֵܻ̿ģ鱧Լĵԡ
ҲֻֻԵԵģ۾ҪҪôȥ
棿΢Ĭһ£裬ǻѩ㱱Сá˵˭ȥ˭ܰ
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裬ľͱ˰裬΢ſһɣ۾СһڴϹȥģҲҲҲ
ѾĲȥˣ΢ĺʹ
úúãˡת룬˳ְҲˡ
΢һһֿԼƿ̽˴ӿҪ㱨ڵĽࣿ
裬ҵǰɣ΢ʡ
Уû˵
ȷԼ뿪ˣ΢̾һǰǩһСƻŽ
˼ҺٶǸĻβϰ࣬Լ边ȻԼࣿ
ȻҲΪԼðɣڼڶ˿һʱ뵽ġ
˵ˣģ˼ҲҪϢ
ȷǸ⣬Ҫ٤ȸƵЩɣҲָ־С
˭겻ַݵģŸһʱ仹ء
΢˰οԼ
ƻһתͷԻţ΢æͣ
ղʱΪ˵ͽˣֻȡû뵽ͣӾ磬ղűĵ磬Ӿ綼ŵһˣ΢
ˣһɰɣҲûˣҪ˯
صϴӻɡ˯С΢رѣ˸ƣı۾
Ȼ˯
΢ôţſԼ˯⡣
֮󣬻˯΢⴫ʮϤ
žž
ò˯ô׵رˡ

29

Ҳû𴲣΢ڴ۾컨ϵĵƷ
²ôôɣǹԼһ΢ޱֻ̫㲹
ȻԸΥƺǵ˵ڶűڵʱ䣬ıûͣҴ˷ը΢ͷۡ
ˣǹ
ϲϲģ΢϶滺Ĵֵ۾
΢ԭ궯ƽԺģô˯ˡ
ȻֻҪʲô¶˯š
ʱСʱȥˡ
˯һоԼˬģ΢˼ƻűӳŽˮȡ
ϰᲢЦǰģ΢ˮʱ͵ſ˼ۣǺܶΪɶЦôġ
Ц̫ˣҲǰϿСƷʱҲЦᶼˣ
Ϊɶ˶ԸĿҲЦôģ
ɻ΢Ӻˮһڣüصҡ
һ˺Ҳûɶģ鲻뿴ҵдٿҲҲûԼģϷûʱȥҲǹһ졭
˫űů֣΢˼
˺񶼻᲻ʲôֻ״̬أһӣ΢˼˰죬ڵóһۡ
Ȼʲôֻ㣬Ǿ
Ҳû˹涨˵ÿһӶ尡˭˷ѵʱȻˡ
͵ɺˣ겻
ţ΢Ȼ˸Լ˵
賺硣
賺ҿ·˵ҪǸϷ
賺Ѿʼִûְҵ
賺ȳԸ緹
ô˯ˣ΢ô뵽Ҳôʵġ
绹˯һΣѾˣ˯ȥֻͷۡ
Ŷðɣ˵ǸϷһ£ҷҿ̫ܲʺϣԻ˰ɣξ͹ˡ
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˵ǡֲҲϷ΢ԼִǿĶʮӼһ顣
ǱߺȻû˻ظ΢ؾ˼ӵ
賺ϴȥˡ
賺ҪһΣǷȥִ㡣
賺Ϸ羰ǺܲģȻִ㻹ǾԼʲҲС
սϴ룿
΢ҲûƣҲû뵽Լô֪Լһθôظɡ
˼һ΢˳賺˼ظã鷳ˡ
Ѹٴ򿪵Ե¼ϷɾһִϢ½һһģһģ΢ٴγִ塣
ԼID賺ûãϵͳʾ˼ѡ
賺һָ·ⲻٳˣյҲñ
ñˤǻˤȥĵطȥ
賺ƵǸԱʾ˺ܶΣֻҲʼ΢ôȥ˶һһһʾһһһһһȥˤڣ΢ȥˡ
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΢̾һ䡣
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УʵģǹдҵİȻһεı顣
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ٺ٣ҵдϰϣ¿βԤϰȻظһı顣
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ַһͷͷãȥһˮ˳װˮӶ˳ȥ΢˸ѧϰСӣֻʱһߣʼдҵ
ʱģʽֻ˿ʱ绰˱飬ҲΪ˷ֹ̲סҪֻ
һ磬΢۾ÿһСʱվӱˮ˳㿴Ϣӣʱ䵽˾ͼΪ˺ҵܶ
µˮʱ򣬿ԼŮôûע⵽ԼˣЩš
˵զ벻ˣһ·˼ûó𰸵ְ֡
զˣдҵأǺ°
ǣܾﲻԾƽʱȻҲ浽ѧϰ״̬ԺܲԾ˵ԽԽԾְһⶼС²õġģʹһƣС˵᲻̸ˣ
ְ֣
ⶼĸİ̫ḻ˰ɣдҵ̸͡ɶϵ˵ֵʱְҲŵ΢ҵķۡ
Ҿôһ롣һһ
һһأŸһϹɶְȰ桭ɶˣǰϵʲôʲôˣֻҪѧϰҲһǻ°
ҲǣȻҲᳫ淢ҲûҪһӴ˭ͳпʼһǰĴѧǶʱǾҫ룬ƺҲô
ҸĸǺܿģֻҪȷģСϸ΢ԤҲԤܶࡣ
ͱ̸飬˼ҿͼɹˣƽŮİδԼϲˡ
ȻǰǲӰ쵱ǰ¡ѧϰ͸߿Ȼ϶ȷ黹졣
˴ôɶǵӲÿˮóԣƺ˼飬ְֵݹȥһƻ
Ҳǡӹƻҧһڣ𣡡
ǣҲ˭ģ
ûǴĻ˳Ķġ費ɫƳְһۡ
Ҿǿ㰡ţƻ𣡡ְּ޵
⻹ࡣЦúܿġ

30

Լϰ˳⣬׼ˮ΢ĬĬ˻Լķ䡣
һС˲˵飬˳㱻ιһڹǰ΢űڻЩ㱡
һž軳ԼˣûҪӦæ㵽һߣƾͱԼҸĸˡ
պգ
ְһ΢ҲܺԼôŬдҵȫϹϵ뵽һģǶôԻ·
ƺˡ
Բԣⶥ㰵㲻ϡ
ʶűӣ΢Ȳȥˮˣʡ迴Լ˸ղŵ⡣
Ҫֱǿզ졣
ò˵һÿ㣬ʲô鶼ˡۿ쵽ʱ䣬΢˸һд꣬ʰöֻ׼ɷɡ
ʣµķս
սʿҪϢһ㾫
ȥ﷭˷¼ûʲôֵùע飬ֵ㿪СȺֽû˵ٵ㿪ŵȺ˷¼㿪ѧ㲥վȺ
һȦȷûɶ£΢ڴϾֻ㿪Ϸ
ʱ䣡
ڲ΢극ʱոպá
Ӧһֻϵ磬΢ų
ˣųԷ¡
仰΢￩һ£װƽӵ˵ͷţʡ
ҲһѧˣѧĩҪֿƿˣʲô뷨ûǰ˵Ҳ׼׼ʱҪʱҲæҵġ
ԭ˵£΢˿ĸȷѯֿƵԸ
ҰͷеŹǿиɾ΢˲֣˼һ£̽Եʵ˵ѡĿơǻ᲻ᷴ԰
ѧֲϣǷɶְֵǿԸ㲻úѧҲǰ״
ǾǣֻôģǲѡԺʲôûôӦԣǿֲܺԸרĸĸ𣿡Ҳ
ⲻΪΧ˺ѡˣҺȻ˵ѡĿƣǲˡ΢С͵
ֻҪ߿˳Ǿ͸ˣѡĿûôҪȷ˵ѡ󣬻࣬Ǿ仰ѧ㣬ϲĿƾĿơϲĿĿҲҲѧúãϲĿĿѧúöһѧÿĲǣ
û΢ͷ
ǻɶµģΧ˵չȫ̷Ҳȫ̽ܣ·ǵԼߡְֲȻѡĿƣ͵дд۵׼֣Ҳ˵дֲÿ߿һŴ⿨ϣôддƯľʦҲǣ
ǣϰ˵öԣҹȥѼ桭͵ʱ˳򼸸ţ
ҲȷܳϣǻΪѡơְֵ
ûЩ׼Ƹ߿Ϻѧϰòˣʰһ´СԨɡͬ˭ҺĿѾ߿˵ġ迴һ΢ԷôԱˣ
ûûûⲻǸղųԵЩһ
û˸㼱ɶ΢һۣ軰һתĿרҵٰɣѧʱǲǲѣ
ճһڷ΢ȿȡȡ
׷Ǻˡ
æʹ˼£΢ɴ۾̧ͷԼ裬ⶼɶɶô͹˸ֱȥˡ
ȥǰɣ
Ҹɶ˵ˣ
⻰Ҳԣǿרҵģ˵ˣһѧУֲֻĿרҵҹŮôֻҪҿ϶ҵģ԰ɣְ˵Ż΢գգ۾
ȿȿȡȡ
΢ֱ׷Ǻˡ
⺢զ£ôһ˵Ǻסǲйͣ¿Ӻɵؿ΢
û뵽ǻڷϸ⣬һʱһʱȾǺˡ
ôɶɵĲĵĻʡ
ǲǡ΢æҡͷ
ȻʲôɵĲĵĻ⣬ҲôͿʼ˰ٸ׼ʱǸղԼľԣᵽ⣬΢ĪЩ顣
԰ɶɶҲû
ûע⵽΢仯˵Ҫǰиͬ¸˵ѾͷˡСѧձҵϽҸѽ飬û԰Žܡ˵ĶǸСͺܲͷ˵ʱǣżҲ֪˵ɶ̼СˣСﵱͷ ˵߿ǰ̸˵Ӱѧϰѧڼ䲻̸˵ȶ±ƭôһҵҪѻؼ飬ѵȥ·ϼһÿ칤͹ˣܱܲ°ʱ仹¡
˵ǸС˹˾ᣬһ嶼ؼңĩȥȥҲ˵趼ˡ
Ҫ˵ҲûҲϵûʱദôУ¼ġְֵ
ҲôİҲǲͬ£۽Ȼ˵ˣͱ̬Ҳ֧ȷԼ˶ԵǸ˷ɣڲѧϰǰҲǲԽϢĸ˵ǵݻѧ̫ˣҿɲΪ±ҳĸʦ칫һ棬û
ţˣİɣ
ϰҲ˼
֪ˡ
㿴Ǹڼ䲻ֹ㣬ѧڼҲ̸ҵ˴ѱȥױŶ
΢
£˵Щǲ̫ˣ
磿ʱܿĺòȸ˵һѣӡУֹԺƵҲһܣڣαء
ǣĸ㣬ҲҪ⸸ĸְҲ
Ҫǻķֿƺ͸߿ɣҲһܾİ΢С˵
ѧŬҵף㿴Ű졣һ仰ܽʾˣԷ
ûû˵öԣ
΢
Ȼ;еŹˡ
Щصؽ󼸿ڷԸɾս΢鸴ӵػصҡ
һû˵ʱܿģǻʱԾɿصشڣһѧҵҲûпܡ
Ҫķ£ǳһҸѻǷſʰʰ׼ף
˼һ΢͵ҡҡͷ
˼˼άôҲƫˣ
в㰡΢Щ߰ģµĺҵʱԾԼԽҪò
ڴع˼ȦƺǾ΢ϰᡣ
ҵʹ侲һԼʣµĺҵ΢˲ƽ
ƽЩġ
ۣʣµҵĺöడȻôѸٵؽеҵ
ȻѧԺͨǲһģ
ٴȷһ㣬΢Ͷ뵽뺮ҵķܶС

31

ܶü죬껹ûʱ΢д˴󲿷ҵ
ڿԹ߸ĸԼҪȥ
дһ֣΢ĵڴϾŻѾռĺҵ¼嵥ɵЦ
ңֻҪʣЩĽˣʣµļھͿÿ˯˯˯ԳԳңˣ
΢ɵЦųԼĻ棬Σ򿪵ԡ
⼸·賺һָͬ£΢Ѿ˳ִ壬ǿΪһ˷羰·ˡ
Ϊף˻ֱϷ΢˸·һ׻ʱװ賺һֻ޶ 
Ϊ΢̳뿴ʲôȽϺãܿϧ̳ǵĶҪ봽ģϷĵܵõǲҪҪò
Ҫְҵѡҩ߳ʦɡʳƷҩﶼϷƷ͵ȼĳƷ۸񲻸ߣԭҲҪԼռ·
УҾʱ߼ĳƷֱӸǣ͵ˡ
ΪһϲǷˣ΢һҪġ
ѹǮҲ봽ܲȻҪܳһʱ̵档
ӳҪҪһ»ȫ̻ˮУ޵ȼ賺ʵ
ôģ
Ⱥ˵ӳüҲϷˣһǴҲǴиò졣
·Ҿ֪
·ȥȥ
֪һԼһˮˡҪ΢ͷӦ
Ӯĸоá
Ǹ̶飬ԱŶʮ󲿷ֶСӶӳϷһĺѣ賺·ǽϷӵġ
ڶӳɰСõǿҪ£΢ǿСӱԱԶת֡
Դ΢Ҳûʲô⣬ϷĶǾ续ķ羰ʵ˾͸֪֮
һܽΣÿ˶ܵõһУֵ߶Уûȫƾ
Ȼһ»ڼҴлõƷֵܼһ׻ƣڵһǵס
ŷʣǿɾûˡ޶Ʒŷʻϵͳ棬΢СʱѾͬһĴˡ
Ҳ˼ĺһ𿪵ģЩ˵õϡƷĸʻ󣬲Ҳ˵õһһ·͵
˵Ǹֵȷرõһ֮һ賺
ͺһŷʲܵ黹ʮܳͷʽûϵйأ΢򿪱ϲĺɫУȥ֪Լڿǲ
ûҲϰˡѾշе·Ρ
һһ賺
СѾɢӳҪԼұÿ羰Ҳæģ賺·΢˴ʱͤ￴羰
Ҫʲô㿪е˵һĿɿƷ嵥ԼƷȡʣ΢Щͷۡ
ҪǸۣɫһѵڶŵұְҵģЧرÿ賺
ҵŵҲǱְҵۡ·ҪģֻҪǽɫҶҪ
΢Ǵҳ˵СӲѡȫҪôһʹÿɫҲɣ
ôһ˵Ҳôһ档賺
ûУ˵ЩҪھͿһԣ·
С΢һͷĶûʲôʽϴϴ֮ģ
Щģ賺Ĭһʵ
ΰ
ԹûЧΣ·ʵ
ԹˣЧûãҺﵹгġ
ǾֱӿɣѧҲȲڡ賺
Ҳǡ
УѡĬΪһ΢ֵס۾ֻһ죬ֻһ󶯻ĻȻһ⡣
ͬʱ賺·ϵͳϿ΢֡
賺·

񿪳ҪǸŻδеƷ嵥΢ȷ˺ü飬ûȷ·ҪǸ
֪ҿˡ·Щӡ
ǸպãԽף͵ˡ˯˾ͷֱ
ͬ⽻õҪƷ·ԥһ£ʵ΢ϺɱǸֵǮˡ
ţȻأ΢æڶУܲĵػظһ䡣
ϧǸ׵ġڶп΢ĻϵĶЩʧ
ҲԼһֱǲҲġرãͬҲر𻵣˵άһˮƽ²Ȳ
·Ŀˣ賺ĻûУһУȻ賺û˵΢Ǻܽš
ܸ·֮ҿҪĶ֮ежöҲû£
˫ֺʮ˼䣬΢صѡ
۾ҿ³ĲԼҪģ΢ЩЩڴٳٲ۾
ֻҪҲۿѾֵĽҾҪģ
һ΢Сĵһ죬ĻϵĽʱһ
¥ǲǣС㣬Ҫ˶ͳȥڷϹڣ·Ȼ죬ѵ
õĺõģ֪ˡ΢æɵӦһ 
Ըɹһȷϳϡеǲ賺ҪǸ
΢Լƽ򿪱жˣûжˡ
һԵѾϵͳ棬СӵƵһֱûͣ
·ǰֽɫ
賺Сˡ
·죬ҷϵͳ¼賺Ҫģô棿
賺Īʵֺܺ죿
΢æ賺﷢ףȴԷͬʱֽ͵û˵ǿǲڵְɡεʱҲûôŷ
賺ɽף΢ĴʯͷصɸС
»񶼻ˣػǻְҵܲôģꡭҪ߿ɣ߿ӦþߵȼĳƷˡ
ְҵͦ˷ʱģֻ뿴羰ûҪ·
£ôϢϢ۾
賺·á
·Ҳһ»
΢š˵ɣһǻˮӮҲ̫á
賺У˵
ָĶ΢ԭߡ
ʹϵżһλˮԣ˻ǻ˾÷ģ΢ʵѾ첻ȥˡ
εʱȥĻ΢Ҳ״лҺбϵȽϺõǴԼ͵޵л˼ҡ
Ȼƽʱп΢Ҳȥ׼ԼѴ˳ֵ飬ջİ˵ĵлֶΪ

32

ڶ΢ûߣ賺·ʱ΢˵㸸ĸӾྣûԡ
Ҳû˵Լһ˲֪˭˵ʲôץ΢ȥ̸ˡ
⻹Ǹ⡪΢⼸Ʋȥ
ְֲֽ֮ĸʱ˵ĺ͸ĸΪⳳܵǸŮʱΪᵽ˵Ҫæʲôĺͳһܣʰͻع˾ˣ绰ҲҲ
ģαءְָ̾һ䣬ȻĶ΢ģۼӦûݣʹϰҲ϶ȥҼұŮҶ᲻˵
Ҳ߶ǷδȻϰĳ˵
ҶҶ΢ͷܻ𣿡
ȥȥɡְָֻˡ
žôҸղűȻץȥ̸ˣûʱϢ
ûû£Ҿ㸸ĸͦõģȻ
ǿɲһĺá΢Ժ
Ҽ࣬Ƕ˵ж︣ѧҵҵʲôҪǾ֣ҪôҲ죬ҼҾûдݴ߻֮ϰߣǹСһĿġ
ּۣҲܰ
ǰǰǼıɿˡѹ󣬴ձÿιǵͬ¶üģǷĵòˣܷųˣ
ˣ˸˵ȥ棬ǼҲС΢ֵ
ðð׼ЩóԵĵڼҿܲܣѧʲôڼյʱҲȥҿ
ţô
ţѾʼڴˣȻһĵñ飬ˣ賺·ԶҪһϣǿæϷҲһܺǡ
˵ϷȻٴθ΢²˺þÿֻϷϢǰСʱŻظһӦ֣Ĳ˼ͱˡ
ʵҾûáɣ
΢룬ʵȻÿζЩʲô
šҵҵ͡ѧϰ
΢
ҪĵȥŹˡ
ҲǣŮ֮й̫ͬˣżǰȻôĻĵȥżٺλֻϷˡ
Ҳ֪ɶ֪ϲϷҶϷҲ̫ǿһ˵ʲô鷳ȻϤִ󶼲ȤΨһҿܶ˽ģֻѧϰˡ
û£ģǡȿѧǾĵȥˡ
ţȻһ΢Цı顣
ȵȣô˵Լʺϡѧϰ͡ҵ໰һ΢֪뵽
ˣҲûѧϰҵҲĲ˼ǿнˡ
ʺϾͲʺϰɣ
ſڴϺͰȻһһ˺ܾãֱȻ˵ĸ˯ˣ΢̧ͷŷϾʮˡ
˯ҲϢ
˯ɣΣ
ڴϻĵԼҸĸ׷׷ҲûҪԼ˯˼۾컨巢һ΢ȻԼһûϵϷ
ˣˣճɡ
ôţ΢˵ԡ
ߺƳһۿտյĺб賺·ߣ汸עڸ
ճѣò˴ټ϶һһ֪Ǹճִ˵ĳƺţҲû˭Ұ
ʮ㻹ʣ߷ӣ΢ҲֻʣһԾȡĻԾˡ
һ񲢲ѣ·żģ鷳΢ڲܺܺõĿжỨʽˤߵ߷ӿ϶ġ
ͺܷˣ΢ٿҰͼŷһ¡˵ʱƮƮɣǸæǲӾˮϹһ㣬С
̾˿һòŤŤɵеžߴһˤ˵ϡ
Һòߣˤ
ڵ˻΢վߵһߴ
˽˰죬պпգ㿪賺ԡ
ճ
ˡ΢ظˤˡ
賺
賺ӣ˺ֻңҰ񡣡
賺·ڸ
賺֮ٸ롣
΢á
΢лл
ʱЩҲûҪ΢ߣ˺뷢賺Է˸OK֮ߡ
еһȦֻҪķӡ
賺߾賿ˣ룬΢賺ԼһԾĽ̫Ͳˡ
ϴϣ΢˳ֹصɽѣʱպʮ
ֻ賺ظɽҲȡˣ΢һллıȥ
ҲϷæ賺ܾöûظ˸Ƿ΢ֻ۾ſԼ硣
ڶһ磬Ӻܸؽ˻˯е΢
۾ӷ˸ֱ۾֮󣬵ڶˡ

ͷۡ΢صӣճ֮̽ĵҲرˣűڴع˼£𴲡
ô磿緹ܾȡ
ҪȥѼң˵ġ
Ŷԣˡ緹ȥ
ţ緹ͲøˣҪԵġ
Уú棡
ţ
ҴҳԹ緹ǰʰõİϣñΧ׿һȫȫˣ΢Ь׼š
𼱡һӳȥ˼ܲܿȥɣЩϣƷ
ϡ΢ȥĶ
ɶզôԼſˣû뵽΢һ־ͱŸ첲³һ¡
ɶԼ·Ͽ£ɺеĲ׼򿪣ؿ΢һۣ¶һöˡı飬ص
Уҳˣְټ
ö΢š
裬ôûС΢Ѿֹһ򹫽վȥˣ浽װЩɶ
Ȼܺ棬Լ򿪿޷ٽԭⲻȥ΢Ƿ˰·򿪿뷨
ʱʰȻˡ
ʱ乫˲࣬΢˸λãԼ棬һ档
Ȼ˶ʱٱɣڻ۵˫ֺú÷Ϣһ¡
һ·ϳ˲࣬Ͽһλãֱ³һһֱ΢Աߵλϡ
ǰȻ˵绰ԼмվȻһٱʾ䲻רӣ³ʱ΢վ̨ϿӰ
㣬ǹأʹ㣿һ³ֻ޷ûñΧİȻ΢̲ס²ۣ䣿
䣡Ȼͷ˵ȥ΢ϵĶ
أ΢䣬䶼ˡ
ôĲ䰡
Ѿû֪ˣ߰ɣʼηˡ

33

һ·߳Ȼң΢˿
̫ˣ붬߲ٳˣ
ˣ׼Ķ ˵ҴĿŲá΢ױ￴ȥ尢̶ڣ
ڲڣھҡȻӹ΢һó
Ҿ˵óɣ軹಻öˡæЬְȻһţ΢һȥɡ
װʲôҪҪ򿪿÷űķű䣿
˵ʵҲ֪ڳ̨ϣ΢ʹĸ첲ʼص
Ǿʹ򿪿ȥϢɣ
Ҳ涼ɶһ·ˣҲ°æ¡
óһЩˮ涼Ǻӣһһۣ΢ˣⶼԨĸʱЩ
˵齫Ҫ䶳صķֿű䣬ˮڴң΢̱ɳϵʱ򣬰Ȼһˮ
̲ģȻ˵ٶûȥ˶ˣ͸㻻˰׿ˮ
ͦõģ׿ˮðűһ¶ȣ΢˼ڣպÿˡ
賺·Ըõ緹ˣ˵Ȼ
϶ְҹˡ΢滹дҵ
дҵɣҲûɶģô
ǾдҵҵдʱŲڵսľġ΢˵ŴӰ﷭־Ӻϰ̯ԼûĿһһҵðȻԼ⡣
ôࣿòŽȫдɡʹѾд꺮ҵİȻһľӺϰᶼЩͷۡ
᲻ᣬɶҲҹҲɡ΢ҡͷ򵥵ҾдˣӵҾͼ˼·ȥһ顣
⡭ƫƵءһϰᷭ˷ȻѾȷ֮ѡĿˣ
ţպ⣬˵ҿҪѡĿƣҸĸҲûԣ˵ϲС΢ͷٶ۵˼άʵڲʺƣһ˼죬˭ס
㰡ħˣôѡȻЦÿֿĿư٣ưŮʵϲٰкܶŮѡƵġ
ԴҺѡʺҡ΢ҡͷ
ѡĿƵĻǸ߶ҪֿˣأȻġȻ˵źȻס۾һĺĵģ
˰Ǽ͵͵ϰݿγˣʲôô˵ݾˡ΢ڰȻԴһ¡
ٺ٣Ȼݼ̫ȻЦżղŵĻ⣬ںܰȷѡĿƣԥơ
˵Ȼ̧ͷ΢ټѡѡȥһû뵽оȻĿռȸߡ
ھ᣿΢һ£Ȼ򣬡ҲǣܰһȥĿưɣԼȥƣ
ǡǡ෴ܰԿɣƺǺǰ֪ѡĿƣȷѡģû뵽ܰȥĿԺڣȰȥƣԼֲѡ
Ҳйˡ΢ҡҡͷ
û취ѡƣѡĿƳȺͼˣѹܴġ
ҲǣҾͲõˣ
аҪֿ˰ȻſϿ΢ʱֻܿμͷѧܼˡ
μͷѧܼѾƵôܼһһ΢Σʱĩܣ
Ŀ
⻰˵ģѡĿҲҪѧѧģȻ϶ǵļ򵥡
ߣ㡣
ѽѽ΢ЦŴյȻץĸ첲ҡε˵ܿʼ˲
ţĿ˲£ȴĿƿʼȥҵĺҵ
ɣ΢һģʹѵĿʼ
־°Ȼ޵
ȻûǺϸģһһǰĺף΢һһߵͷϻڲͣļ¼
һСʱˣϢ
ţ˵ôúȵˮϢɣҳ˼·һ¡
ҲûⰡôѧôȻһʱû뵽ʲôίĴݡ
һѾ΢ͷҲ̧ز䣬ûϵɡ
һѴϰ⣬ҺȻЩ賺·ˣ˾һ˸һƣҹ⽲оͷʼˡȻ̾
࣬Ҫʣµ´μ
𣬶ʼ˾һνͷҲһ죡Ȼ˵ţˡ
尢̻ͷһǽϵʱӣ緹ء
Ӧãǳǰ˵ϲŻġˮɻ߹ȥͨè⿴˿Ȼ賺·ˡ
ô磿˵緹
ӴôѧϰһͿڵ̺ſڲ輸д΢輸ľԼϰᣬ·
ѧԲһ͸㶨ҵֻץʱ¡΢̧ͷ˵ͷǴк
Լǵʱ˵棿賺תͷڹŵİȻ
ģ֮ǰ˵΢˵ʱ˷˿ϧɴŲĿˡȻ͵
⡭Ͽһҵ˷·˺֮ǰȻп
ұ΢ûϰ·гߣȻҲдˣѧΧдҵֱ̫¡
ǻһǸ΢͸еһϮ̲סһ¡
ûôţô˵һ𸨵дҵЧߺܶࣿ·
˰ɣҲȻʱһظ⻹´˼ۣ΢ͣû˵ȥ
ıѾ˵һˡ
賺˵ִˤˣôûûѧأ·ҲŰȻȥ˵ˮĹЦеؿ΢
ҲˤһˤˡžߴЧƳһۿװʲôû賺΢˵
رЦ·
ʲôô棿ˮİȻ֮ЩŹ֣̲סʵ
Цұô򵥵ⶼ벻ͨ΢ٽ͵
ʲôЦģ˲ˡȻǺܲףȴû⣬ͣһ¿ɳϵ賺·һǽôɡ
һҪŵĻţ輸ϵĶʰã΢һ֣̫ˣ
ţû˷ԣһûԣȻ˵ҼҵиϷ壬ЩҲûĸ˸պÿ档
ҲԴƣ򵥵ľǳơ·Ҳ
ִͷȤζϷ賺ôݵĳͷѺõ㡣
Ǽ˵Ҽ¼һ¡Ȼطһֽһ֧ʣҵ棬ʲôҪģ
ʱ仹磬ǻ㹻ʱƻôȹ

34

ٽĺͻȻ
һӾھְغ˯ĳ˸ˡ
ӵʱ򿴵ʱ䣬ƺʱһô磬΢ֻ˰죬ź֪ظ̾
Ѿѧڿʼˡ
Ҫָ𼷹ѧճˡ
ҲǼںξ˯˯ȻѣȻ廹ЩϰߣԺػУϴϣ΢ƵǰŰҧһڣƤֿʼܡ
ʲôզ˯ˣ΢һ£Ͻȥѧĥ䡣
װŮͲ΢һ飬ۣǲ˯ˡ
Ч㶼о²ˡӳƮϽԣϴ룡
úúãϾͳˣ΢λӦ
ĺĽЩܿٵѧϰ״̬ˣ΢Ͳһˣѧϰ״̬죬
ֱ΢ĻҺ˯Ϸճû壻ڻˣϴС˵ûꡭ
ʲôأ˶ѿαóԤϰˡȻСʵ
ûʲôûӦ廹˯״̬΢˵ָԼ̯ĿαʾʵԼҲԤϰ
ڰϿγ̱дһڿģԤϰѧô£һ΢̯ĿαȻѹѡ
΢ˣ̧ͷڰϵĿαȻһڿġ
ҿĻû˯ѰɣллҡæѧαպóĿα򿪣΢Щʦͽˡ
Ͽڼ䣬Ȼ΢Ŭؼо񣬵ÿμֲһͿʼˡ
ôо񡪡񡪡ټо񡪡񡭡һڿΣ¿һ죬л΢ſˡ
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Ҿģû¡΢ͷ۾ȻžǼ˴ӣҵΪڻ˯ɣⲻ󣬹͵ˡ
˶˵ѧ⡭ҪҪȵ㿧񣿡
ˡſŵƼѵҡҡͷ΢ҲǰڿλȽͺˡ
ǰڵϢ˴ӡȻһ΢εҹҲжѣڼġ
΢
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ֶҡȵ΢ͣϵĶתͷȻͷʺš
˵ģһûüѾȥˮʼҡˡ
΢
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ҪҪҪľУæֽǷŽ΢оˡ
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ϵ˯ʱޱѡ
Чùͷ˰
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תѾѧһˡ
ѧڵĵһһȽɣҵ࣬ѧϰ֪ʶҲѡ
¿𣬵һܵһڿνˣ΢ӭõĩ
ҪҪҼңдҵϷ΢ȹʱ򣬰Ȼʵ賺·Ҳ
Уϼ㣿˵ʱ̫ĻǾȿʼҡ
ҵҲ࣬Ǿʮ㣿
ţʮ㵽Ҳŵ͵𴲣ˡ΢ͷ˵ȥôû
ȥһһˣ΢ֻš
ԶǱ¿һҵ꣬쿪ҵһлǾȥˡȻٵȵȰɡ
ĩȷôؼң΢ͷԶԶһˡ
ͬʱȻ˳ӣͷʱ΢ſһ賺·ŶҲˡ
һǳһ·С⻹ͦóԵģЩ賺һ˵һ߽еĴӵݸȻ
ôࣿӹ·ĴӴ򿪿һۣ΢ˣҪˡ
Ϣžͺʳ΢æϵϴӣȥܳԵٳԣԲ¾ͳһТĸɡ
żһβڡȻЦЦˡ
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Ȼ˵Ŀţʵϼһ糿΢ոƹһء
ڻڼŶٳʳϰҹ𡢶ɴϵ΢Ȼû֣
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Ϊسӳ⣬΢˺üΣһжΡ
ȻҲûݣֲܱѾѵã΢Դ˺⡣
ȻѧˣκɲǺѺã΢⼸Ȼûȥ
׼ȥѡһ΢ܵôȥԽԽ˶һĺ䣬ʹ¥ҲҸûĵطһȫ붯
ǵůЩɣһڶˣż⼸Ҳûɶá
صҵʱԨڿдҵ
һûԨȥЩԴ΢ʾǳĽ
ԲֵʾǺðԨ˼Ŀʱ˳˺һɿɾ΢Ľˡ
ˣƺǸܵ΢ߣԨ̧ͷ˸к
šСϣһ䡰ǵøһ඼ܳꡱ΢һ·
ʱ򣬴СֻʣһС顣
ôȻ㻹Ե£һ̵⣬΢ʵ
ڳҪɣҸоһܳԵȥ
ĵظ̾һ䣬΢ɳˢһֻȻεԨ߿дҵ
㣬ôҺܲϰߡûԨ̧ͷ顣
ûҶŵҵ


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ҪҼҵ˳ָĵطô޸ģԨʵ
΢
ˣҵĺһɡ΢ҡͷص֮ǰŵĵطֻд֧Ŷͣ
Ԩ
ֵĬˡ

35

ĩԼҪȥȻңǰһ˯ǰ΢ⶨ˸ӡ
Ⲣûʲôã죬΢û
оԾ͵۾ֻʱʱѾŵһˡ
΢æֻһŵı顣
ŵࣿ˰ɣ˯ú簡
Ҵææ·ϴﾹȻûиԼ緹
ȷ
ϽóƬ˾װһ޹Ĩ˵ŹԸɾ΢ַԼңæҵʰ
ǰԼڱǩ˵Լ粻Է΢š
ԲԲûҾˡȥվ·ϣȿʼң߱ߺͰȻ绰ͨ΢æǸ
ûû£ֲǲμӲϰ࣬ʱûôϸżߣ·СġȻ
˵绰ȻԼҿѾ賺·һ¡
΢վʱѾʮʮʮһˡ
´¥дҵ΢³ǰûȻ˵Ѿôˣϵ·
³ûֱȻСȥ·̲ʳȻ΢ųԵȻȥ
㵽ôһ¥㰡ǰȥŵİȻſվ΢ʱһ¡
ⲻ´ѧϰ΢ĶߣȽһ£
㻹ȥ·ˣȻӹ΢Ķڲϡ
ǵ˵ζ볢΢һ߻Ьһ˵
ֺ÷ÿֱߣӹȻˮ΢Լλ£͵͵һۣҶںдҵ
ѧԴͷѧϰķΧȷ
ͷԼҵΪֻ̫ʼֽŽӴɳɳ΢˺ܶ࣬ʴС̫ѧǵ˼·
˵ԼΪɶÿζ벻ҪյѧԸǰһдҵأ
ÿζҲû˭ˡ
ȷʸдٶȻ죬ϽˣûþͻĸһдҵչΪ΢һ˳üҵΧгʳΧۡ
̫ˣ
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д
ߵİȻ±۾תתӣС̾
賺·дȥһϷˡ
㻹٣ûв̫ҪҽһµģȻִ˴΢
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ǡͣһ߿飬ͽҡ
š΢ͷ
ȻûûзŬдҵ緹ʱ䵽ˣ΢ҵûдꡣ
ѧѾ۵ԭӰȻյļҵĸϰãԴ΢ʾĺۣѧϰϣѧĲйͬˡ
ʲôȻ΢ʡ
С΢ͷҲ̧
š賺ȥԣԡҪȥԷټдҵȻСĵʵ
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ţ
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ǿɲУȻϾܾҪĿ棬컹һҵһʱ
޸Ц΢ΣҲǰʰһ¡
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ôһԱ˲İ
΢ϻֳܱ
ûӾͱʳܣкóԵĻʱʲôҵҪﻹǵԼڻڳҪע΢ʾôóԵĶܳꡣ
ɢɢ
΢ͰȻǣ֣賺·ں档
󲿷ʱ䶼ѧ˵΢ֻ
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ѧԵô˵Ų̸ѧϰֻ棬ճȫǺѧϰйص顣
ڿѧʱ򣬱ϾȻԼ²賺·Ĳȥŷûá
ʱ΢ԼĶ˰Ȼҵ鷿
ѧڿϷ΢ڳǲŪ̫Ķ΢Ҳû취עɴ˷ֿϷþˣдҵͬѧҲܸרЩд˼Զˡ
ºǣȻץ鷿Ű֣дҲĸ˸档
ţȥɡ΢ͷ
ȻŻص΢鷿һȦҵ

ԽдһҵԨŹӿϿ΢ؼҺǰһڼˮûȹ
š
ȻûдꣿԨ²һ䡣
ǲ΢ͷҲ̧в
Χдҵĳܰɣ
˵£û¾ߣǵôš
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á
Ͳúװıܶ˵֣
дذɶ˵һ˵꣬ûоˣҺҵҵమ΢̧ͷһԨ
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÷΢ץץͷҵôƼģȻûŪ裿
һ⿨˺ܾõ΢ʱЩ꣬վǰƽԼ侲΢οԼûû£оһ⣬Ӧҵ˼·̫ԣһģ
ôǾһθ߿ˣƽƽģһ𣿼ɶԺĴ⻹أ
ȻЩĲο˴Чһһĺá侲΢ٴναǰҳоαϵ⡣
ѧһ磬ҲڰȻҵ鷿дһҵ ڼ仹賺·²ôտѧѧ֪ʶԺզ졣
΢һÿǡ
ͷۡ
һҪǰеҵˣ
컹Ǻú÷ϢػѪɶŷȥܲҲǰҵ࿴ˡ
ڼջдҵ΢̲סһȿԿֻġ
ԶˣдˣࡣԨɵصһɡ
ߺߣǵȻ΢ؽӹҧһڣһҶҡı顣
ۣ̫ˣԨĴָ
ȥôģҲٿŵ㣿Ԩһ£΢²ۣݼԺǱóˡ
ⲻ붺㿪ԨҲ㣬΢ãЦһҲʹ󾢶ġ
߰ɣˡԨ
ߣ첻ٿκκѧϰйصĶˣһԽҵα͸ȫպã΢ؿԼɾ

36

½ůһҳһҳطȥܿ죬һڵˡ
ʮ㣬԰ſڼϣ˰ϳǰȻקס΢ظһ顣
ס˼סˣ΢ͷٲֳҪˡ
ݰݡ
ţˢϳվڳϺͰȻӻֵûλ΢ֻҸطվá
ڰ
֮ǰͺͺͰȻ賺Լ·Լһڵһһȥ԰΢ڴ˺ܾãڣȵˡ
Ӧúܶ࣬µѾЩˣһǴɡ
ؼ;ٴδ򿪱¼ҪĶһ飬ȷûǵģ΢ؼҵһ¾ʰ
ϧԨΪҪпĹϵʹҲֻڼҿӲܸųȥһ죬пƾĽԷˡ
Ϊɶ
Ϊпûҵ
΢˼ƮԶˡ
³ؼʰ΢д˵ҵΪȽϼʱʱԭʮдҵڰСʱ˻ʣһС롣
㣬԰𣿸ûȥһ⼸ѾɵЦüˡԨ΢ǰλ񣬡ôڴ
ڴ΢ͷ԰ȥüˣǰǸһģѻǵһΣ
Ҳȥ
ȥʲôȥʵʵ׼пɣҪǳɼĻҲǲԴȥһΡ
ģ
ʲôʱƭ㣿

УƭС
Ԩ˵뿪ˣû˼дҵ΢Ҳҵ򿪵ҪȥǼ԰ǰûʱ
ڶ죬΢ѵıӻ硣
Ϊ˲ͬ·ԴԼ԰ſڼȻȻ賺·һţ΢ֻһߡ
ĩĸûô磬Թ緹衰עⰲȫϰ֡ÿġĶУ΢š
ֻϽԤ磬Ҫڻٴ΢ȫķɹ׼
ɹ
ɹ֮׿̫ˣ
һ˻öͬѧ˵ϴξѵɹڵĲֻû
ȥ԰Ĺر࣬΢ȫվֱ³Ҳûȵλ
Ǽڰһ³ȫˣ΢Լİ԰ķȥ
찡
һ·ܿ԰ǰȫˣž;úȣ
΢ȻЩԼڽ浽ǲǸ⣬ĿʮӣŶҪһСʱǽһҲ治˼Ŀ
ȵһκ̵˳Ⱥһ԰ȥ΢ſҿ˸ҲȻ
óֻһۣԼõʱ仹мӣ΢˸ĵطվŸȻϢ
΢Ѿˣأ
΢öˣ
ǿˣһ̵ƣѾºһˡȻظȥţҸ˵
΢á
պֻҿ΢һݻÿĵСŮ
͸˸ʵĹâԶԶȥرÿ
ȻҲ봵ô죿̵Ӧģֵط΢һɡ
ﶷһò¶׼ȥ̵΢ȻԼֻˡ
΢ǵˡ
ҾſڰƱĴ¡΢ֻԭתһȦûȻˡ
վԭر𶯣ƱƱҿˣȻһû㡣
ҲԶиݻСӿû
Сҿˣ
ߣҲǱߣˡ
ã绰ȱңǱˡҿˣ
Ҳˣ΢˵绰岻Զ֡
࣬ԤƵöˣǸϽƱȥٵĿ棬ҪһŶˡȻק΢Ʊߡ
ͬ⣡΢ͷ
ô˾;úȡں·컹Ǹ졣
û취ǷżٱҲż١賺
ŶӹƱ԰Ÿ԰ͼվоĸߡ
ȴӴ̼ĿʼŮȫ෴Ӳ̼Ŀʼ
˰죬˾
һĿ;ǹɽŶӵ˻̫࣬ȸղ·Ĺٶˡ
ҹƽҲҪŶӿֱĿˡŶӵʱ΢԰Ȼ
ǲһתľ˿϶١·
ûղ԰˶ٴźӵļҳǿ϶Ҫȥתľġ΢
ĦֹҲ࣬԰ԼҲ١ȻҲ
ǻǱʵʵŶӰɡ賺
Ŷʱ䲻ֵܿˣȥ΢ſʼţץŰȻ֣С˵ԼЩš
ûû϶ˡȻץ΢ְοҾԱߡ
׼ְ
ģ϶ץýĲſġ
һǺýš
ô࣬ŶԼԼŵ賺·Ҳοɡ
ٷ˵Ҳܣ΢۾ץסȻ֣ȫû۾


ʱ΢оԼеƮ߸·ʱһ
Ȼ΢һԵһ賺·ȥ
ɽ֮תľŮǿҪ£賺·Ҳȥˡ
ôòͿˣ΢
ǣ˼Ժһѡ͵˹ɽúϢϢȻҲ
ûע⣬΢͵˼賺·һϹƬ
Ȼǹݡ
˵ã£ǲ׼ڰ·ңһ޵ģĻ޵ģŶӵʱ΢ǿ
Ҳ¡Ȼ˿賺·Ҫȥȣ
Ӷ˲ȥϧ·΢Ц
ôȹһ졣賺Ҳ
Ȼ΢
ֻأֻӲͷƤˡ
ȥʱһ𣬻һС¡
ȥǰŮ˵Լر¹Ǹĵ˵ԼŮѷĴ󵨵ظһŵʱȻ΢ûţǸǼŷſŮѵһգ۾ûӰˡ
ǺǡЦµŮĮؿ΢ˣˡ
ʵǸŮһ㶼ΪıװܺµӰɡ΢͵͵ʰȻ
ţӦǣϧĺ£ҪȻ˸ѸءȻҲСػص
ĿЩ߰ģ
С˵Ȼ
ԣС˵ﶼôдġ
賺·
賺·ǸĲ£˵ı£Ȼ΢Ȼӹݳˡ
ɤӺЩơ
ȥϳųŮǿˡ·
ǲһ˽ŵʱߺüȡȻµر΢
Ǿǡ΢ͷǻҸ̼Ļ
УǾȥɡ賺

37

괬ʱҲˣҸط緹˳ƻһʲô·
Ħ֣˿϶ҪһΣ΢ȻȻ˵ҶڿԼ˼ؽͣһֱ浫ûᡣ
ãҲϡ
ĸڴһһۣյʱҲˡ
緹Сͤġ
ĸ˽ԴĶһ˭ϲĸֱã΢ͰȻȥ̵͹֭
ŶӵԱ࣬ʩʮӣŸӰСʱϡ
˴һʼûһܽ԰飬Ŷӵʱʹɡ죬Ҳ졣
Ħֱ
ŵϵĶԽԽСԼԽԽ΢ֻһƬ
̫ˣкöûϣ´μȻ
á賺·һͷ
ԼҪȵˣ뵽پ뵽ҵ뵽ҵ΢Ϳʼͷۡ
סססôĵʲôҵҡҡͷ΢飺µߵʱĸҪҪźգ
ðð춼ûĶƬȻͬ
賺·࿴һҲͷʾԡ
šꡱһ΢԰֮Ļ

ǽÿĲһţڿԨ̧ͷͶĽĿ⡣
ģûô԰ûô鲻ô͸ˣ΢˵ųԨ֣ļƷ
ףԨ΢ǰ֣ɶ
һ޶װ΢óеݸԨ
ȥͺù󰡡зȥ˿Ԩɶ
Լ򿪿ҺӺ治д
ŶŶԨȥһˡ
΢һЩۣȥĳ˿Ҫˡ
ҿԨӷƷһС
΢·ʱԨѾдװˡ
лл㣡
ÿҲһǮģҶзݣ˵͸㵱пף㿼óɼ΢ɳϻش𣬡˵пɼǻÿ͸㡣
Ҿڴƻ΢£ԨæˮǱơ
ǲҲø͸һԨ΢Ц˵ɣҪʲô̫󰡣𣡡
ϷУһٶûҵأԨæ
Уû⣬Ϸһ·ңпɼȫ㡣
ٺ٣лл㡣Ԩһúÿȡȥв㣬Ͳһѧˡ
ţͣ

Ϊһ죬ǽСʱ΢ֱϴ˱ѡ
ǲʲôҲֻš
СȺϴʱĵƬȺᣬ룬΢͵ĵ賺·ϹƬҲȥ
·ʲôʱĵģ
賺͵ģ
ȻɵƯҴˣ
΢£
·Һ賺ڹݵƬ
賺һϴɡ
΢
Ȼ
֮΢ȺĶԼͰȻŵüеƬ
΢ǡ
ֻصڶˣ
ûãȻʾԼҪ׼˯ˣ֮΢Ϸʼճ
ϷճҪҰæ𣿡˳Ϸ΢Ϳ賺ԼϢ
ǽְҹ
š
Ǿлл㣬ûġ
á
Ĳȥˣ룬΢ʾԼҲ׼˯ˣԣظ
賺Ǳ߳ٳûлظӦǿԼĺճȥ˰ɡֻ۾΢ܿ硣
΢һֵΡ
һƬɫ⣬Ҳûб߾
һվںڰв֪Ǳߡ
ӱġડȻ䣬˳ȥȴʲô
Ǹָ˺ܾúܾãڿǰâʱ΢ˡ
۾컨巢һ΢ԼǸΡ
ѹ̫ôˣôôֵΣ
ǸϤȻеӱƺǡડ΢Կ϶Ǹǲһġ
ϴιǸͷ˰죬ͷ΢ֻһʱ䡣
ϰ˵룬΢ԤƵҪ硣
Ȼⶼص㣬صֻʾ·һ
ʱԾһ¡
һ΢ԼƺѾˡ
ϰǸµĶ
ܲܲҪÿζڰ
ȹУ
°΢¸Ǻñӣ۾컨壬ԨпҲҪӭֿƿˡ
ȻЩţѡĿƣôͺԭȫһ
Ȼ˵ڵĺܶҲ֮ǰһƫ̫󣬶ֿƲһѡѡѾƫֵٵˣǽһµĺ֮ǰȫһûоҲû
ڲͣӰĻô򵥵ķʽֱǶʱ߶
ΪʱȻ֮ǰѡӦĸı䣬ϻǻԭȵķչһ¡ֻҪֱʱ䣬ôչͻѡơ
һµֳˣȻûдֿԸǸĸͺѶ֪ԼѡĿƣҸĸǰڶǿиԤѡôѡƵأҪô⣿
΢ڼЩڴЩš
˵ʱɡƺʲô΢﷭˰죬ҵһҳ
ûӴĿƺȴҪڸһʱӰԼһѡԿĩʱѧУʦһѧĿƺƵԼδչ
λѾ¶ѡӰ첻ӰЩǻ֮ˡ
΢Ҳ֮һλ֮ȷѡ
Ҳܼ򵥣ʦ˵Ժѡ÷չ
ʵ仰Ҳû˵ıҵٻعͷ΢֪õķչζʺϡ
ĩ硣
һֿѡⲻѡֻǱʦͳ
ķֿѡҪĩɼ
ʦὫĩɼֳĿһӡѾȷѡ˿϶ֻԼҪѡǿƣЩȻھľͿԸѡ
΢ڵʱĿǰϵͷѡơ
ȻȷĩԼĿƳɼ᲻ȻǰԤƳɼοҪ½ܶˡ
˦Ļ΢һʹļ׵ظ̾һ䡪
ʱԾң
ûѧѧ־͹ʱ䶯ԾһλԾܾãζǶ϶ģôѧúã

38

ڴϷȥЩеû΢ǲ𴲡
ž̾һ䣬΢۾׼˯
ʱԾڼ䷢ʲô
ǲҪڲҪ
΢ֻ˯һǸ۵ĺܣںڰﱼһһȫûоõ˷ɡ
ӴˣΪһ˯緹ء׼緹
Ϻã΢̽ͷĴûҵ緹
Ҳڼ㻹緹Σ̫࣬ϾҪ緹ˡ
ðɡ΢ͷ
˼Ƭ΢صҿʼԼҵ
¼ĩҵҵһһӦżһ飬΢̲סԼޡ
Ȼֻһͽҵдˣô˵һ춼ô򿪿αˣ
տαһҪõĿαĩҵʰã΢ϷһߣϳŵʱͲæҵʰˡ
óֻ˷¼ճ̱ûʲôҪϢǾ͵Ծһûʲô°ɡ
ǰ΢⿴һͼݽС˵Ǵ
ǩζⱾڶģ˿΢Ȿ鲢ûʲôӡ
ǱԾһ½ģ뵽æ¼У԰ͼݲ鿴Լûгδ黹鼮
ûãǱҲʱ䡣
鳬ڿɲʲô£ᱻдϰ༶Լĵ鼮ӡͼſڵĹͬѧΧۣϻһݵӰĳҪǣҪģ
ȡǩŵһߣ΢鷭صһҳһʱͷٿһ顣
΢ϲС˵
ӦСʱϰߡ
СѧʱʦҪÿСʱ飬΢ϲ˱Ÿʽ鱾һɹ̫ĸо
·ͨһ򵥵Ĺζһ
ЩûģϲĽڴͨͬĹһһʵ֡
΢ҲԼдС£ºдȫ£֮ǰԺѾ˻棬µĿʼгͽ˼ʮĶʱȴԼֻܶſհ׵ıʼǱһ仰дü鶼оԣдָо
΢ھ֮Ϸˡ
ֻʱģ΢ԼۣҲδĳһٴóıʼǱʱ ʱ˳˳д굱Ǹأ
Ȼʵܲпᣬҵÿ칤æҪȻԼÿܶῴ飬дµ뷨ûðǸֻд˹¿ͷȴδԼȥıʼǱҲ֪ˡ
ڵУϾӲƷŷ㣬ϲ΢ǻҪֽʰʱóٿۣʱִͻоƽ
΢鿴ԣڲ˺üŷӦ
ǩкã鱾΢߻Ӧ߿ȥϴ׼緹
µܺ¶Ⱥܸߣ·ʱ򿴵⴩ڣڵذһƬĹ⣬΢ƹȥվһ߻ɹ⣬ɹ̫
оĶůģ
緹΢վһ΢ϴ׼ݡ
˵ݰСʱã˯˷˯ѣڴϵʱⶨӣ΢ǿ϶һ˯ܾõġ
̫ɽҪȥԺܲ湻ĥ˵ģôķ˯һְɣôοԼ΢ɾ˯Ȼѡ
дҵ
һСʱȥ˻ϵȺ˾ȥϴ˸裬ͷʱ΢˳㶢žԼϸ˰졣
ĸо˺ܶ࣬ȻЩŮͦԶͲһǰԼȣ仯ͦģ
³Щÿ·Ѿǿˣ֮ǰֻܿġ
ŬžԼһ͵ƣ΢á
ã΢оЩƤƺҲ΢һЩ
ÿ찴ʱŶЧ
΢Ҳ̫ȵҲǶĹͰɣ
˯ǰ΢ٴδûڴϿŴͷֻ滺֣ʱٵѬ͸ˡ
ʹƽ
Сʱ󣬽һСֿ΢Żصƹ׼˯
һΡ
βһƬڰУһƬϡ
˫վھһˮϣ߶ˮ᷺һȦȦϸСĲơ
е΢û˼Ϊʲôվˮȴȥ⡣
ΪôҲǿԽܵġ
ˮת˼ȦЩ۵΢Ŷˮȥ
ף
ɫȺιĳڣˮƺһ磬ſҪø
΢ϴ㣬ӰɵǸĿЩ⡣
ãھȥ

չĵһΪ鱻ѵһ٣

΢ȥȥ͵͵㣬ϴκǸ˾ƺ˶ܸȤŶ
ȥɣҿϵĹûɣҿɲһֱϴȥ칫ҺȲ衣


ҵıŮμֲˣ
ţҪӰ࣬𼤶Ӱѵģ
Ůʲôʱ飿
˵ɡ
һҪúչԼ
źãְټ

ˮһһ棬ȴеЩ
ǡԭ켣
е΢Щɻ
ΪʲôεЩ
һ˼һ߼¿΢ȻеĻƺڵˡ
ûӦ֮ǰеĻַɿȥˮֻʣһ棬ϸţƺΪ΢ܹ塣
κǸˮԽԽĻ΢Ϥ
顣
վ̨Ըһȥ
浽Ȼֹͬʱ΢Ҳˡ
ʱûо΢ֻоһ£ȴһ亹޲Ҹů¯ůһ
΢ƽһ飬컹ţʱӦò̫ȥֻϵʱ䣬΢̾һ
賿ĵ
£ȴԾ˽ʮ졣
⻹ǵһԾ΢ڴû˯⡣
ʱԾǰƺֵΣ᲻Ҳйϵ
ֻ߻᲻Լʲô˼ȥҲ벻׵΢ѪֻһκʵĹϵ·ֱ߰Ĵ𰸺ȻЩˡ
ˣЩ͵Цͼģ˰
ôοԼ΢ȷᰴʱæץһʱߡ
ûΣȵһ˯
ѧ·óֻ¼һǸΣ¼Ϻ΢Ŵⷢ
Ҳ˵˼ҹΣҲΪǱʶһֱ˼ûǳô켣Ӧʲôӵġ˼˾εʽˣ

39

һҸλϻûüźڵİȻͰŵӿˡ
ôôȻȲʵ
ʲôôһ߽պãαͱʴóϣ΢ͷʡ
ϰȻⲻϾĩôѾȷûˣ
ɱˣڸ֪ʶ㱳űžͻ˵״̬һᵽҾͷۡ΢̾
ȷǲĻֱⲿ֣Ϊ˲Լĩɼ̫ѿ΢ʱ򿴵֪ʲôʱдõĩϰƻű
¼˸ĿҪؼ֪ʶ㣬ԼĿǰΪֹĸϰ
ʷԼĺһıر֪ʶʫԼѾǼǹı΢ͷۡ
û취Ҳã֪ͦʶ׼ǻġȻƣʽ졣
ƲŸͷۺô΢ΣֶʽƵΡ˵ˣѾˡ
ڲڡȻæ΢ͷο˲ˣҪƽʱĻۣȲ˵ĿǼҪԼ
΢š
˰
ԾôʱôԼȻʱķչЩ֪ʶӦüסˣʵ΢ԴһŽ
ʱҪ˯渴ϰ
΢ĬĬ¶ġ
ѧصң΢ҽѧϰСӹϡ
֮ǰҲûżôȻһһæʰӵְ֡
ֿƿԻͦҪģŵáְִʡ
Ҳֿ֪ƿҪְһۣǵＫطڽŷԸϰͿԶûô
ӿ΢ҵķȻСְ˵Ҫȥ
ɶеĺòãְæҡͷ
ĩԾڽڴԼ
ǰһ˯ǰ΢ϸʰ쿼ҪõĶ
һγ̶࣬ҪܿꡣΪ˷ֹ鷢ʰǰ΢ڲݸֽг˿ԱرƷ嵥
׼֤͸ʴǦƤԱǦооһһ΢һСֹ
Ҫ˰ʰ궫΢üڵ̾
˵ʵͦû׵ģκĿƿĿ˵ʱѧ֪ܶʶֻǿסϵĿ϶鱾һ
·ɱ쿼˳΢˫ֺʮ
û֮һ£͵Ǹο
ôţ΢ѡ
Թ죬һţһţαֱ磬Ϊοʱ䳤
Һһ죬΢̬ûбһôܾԭˡ
һſԿĿ˳ֱʷģڶλѧӢǵѧ
΢˵һǼģʽڶģʽǿɾֱģʽˡ
Եɼһҵʱ䣬ȡɼʱдֿ־ԸѧУݴҵĩɼ·ְ࣬ҵҪȥ°༶°ȡ
ûмҵǲܵģȻûʱһһʶԼͬѧÿʦжһȡҵѧʦǶᱸעһ£Щҽûģѧڿѧʦеʱ䰤Ҵ̸ġ
Ҽʹ·ְҲԭа༶Ļڵ༶ϲΪһµİ༶
΢һ߰߶ʮһ࣬ΪĿưǰԴӸ߶Ű࿪ʼư࣬߶ʮһԭһ߰࣬ٲѡƵɵ°༶
ǰĿû˵΢ַˡĥǹҲ⡱ľÿ켴ʹԷԺҲŸ֪ʶ㣬ȻоЩħˡ
һ㶼ǰݸֽ΢ÿζһʱڲݸֽдֹʽҪں֪ʶ㣬Ӿͻȫһ
һʼ࿼ʦᶢʹʦҲˣֻдддžǰҪдѣ㲻ס
һˣͣԵڶ죬΢ǰĸֿͷ۵ذοԼ
ֵ˾ԲܷʹǵѶҲҪͨأȻھ͵ȥϰɣ
ղűˣ˻ɣ΢ر֪ʶԼʽ䡣
ѧѧĿⶼǰֵģдԹʽôø֣ʹĿҲܿţҪʱǰ¾ܵŽ𣬱¹ܶԲԣд˵
ĸʦôԿĿһҪˡ
ûֶþͰ΢ڴϿ컨巢ԼƺѾصĴԺúϢһ¡
զ죿׼ȷ˵զ죡
Ҳָܿ߷֣ռķȥҲܲÿ
΢ڴϹȥò׷ľٶȽ
أ˾˯Žůһ۾Ϳڴϵ΢
ûûҾǡѧ΢Ϣһ¡΢æϹŹɵ΢Ц
ԵˮѶ˽Ķϣȥ֮ǰֶһ飬˯ʵ䷴
ţ΢ͷҼסˡ
Ŀ뿪΢̱˻ȥٴڴϡ
һ΢֮ǰԼĻظһĿᶨϵĸϰϣһҧһţٴοʼϰ
ʹʹʹҲ쿴Ծʱźǰһûúøϰ֪ʶ㿴ȴûסҪã
ǡ΢С߶ʲô۾ˣͷ´ţʹʱһ۾еĸϰϣû۾ֿˡ
Ƶʽ
ԽԽС΢ͷٴεȥ
ûסĵϵ΢۾౻ײʹĵط˿ȥԵɵɵģû˯һ㡣
ҵӢĸߵˡ͵ҡͷԼһ㣬΢ȥˮϴ˰
ЧǲԺ˭ʧҾԣ֤رã
˸΢˸ĹǷᶼˡ
ӡƺѾȥ˺ܾãʵʱŹȥһСʱ
˯кܳʱ䣬΢תһ˼·ɰͰ͵ı֪ʶ׷Ǿ͸ɴ⡣
ƱϾĿƣӲķʽá
ҳ̲ĸ鸽ĩģһǰѡգ΢ֱӿӦ⡣
ʦ˵ӦѶǵģǰͷ⣬Զ΢˵һֵķֵǱҪõġ
žӵǰⶼһ飬΢ȷ𰸵Ľ˼·©ȱ
дٷȥպѡ
ջ϶ǹʽͶ֪ʶⲿ΢ҲƻҪŬȡֻҪԤƵ÷ֵĲʧֲ࣬ôοȻῼرãҲڼ߱Եǻ
Ϊſѧ緹翼ͦһʱģѧ΢ֻٹһ֪ʶ㣬ȵ緹渴ϰ

40

дӶ𰸣ֽαʦؽǼס¼һ飬΢ϰʱѾʮˡ
æʰϴ˯΢ٵȥϿԻ
ӦòõԼϻΪ˯žˣߵЧڣϴһմͷ΢Ѹٽ硣
һҹΣ΢оԼû˯ô
۾ѾˣɻԼΪʲôû죬΢ֻһ
ôŵˡ
ٵ˰
΢ӵֻһſԼҸĸɳϿӣʣô𴲣
ΪɶҪ𴲣̧ͷԶԼ˵ı˯ģôһϾֱˣ
ˣ΢е¡
Ǹղ̫żˣЩͷۣ΢üһԼ軰˼ַسҸղű㶪ֻ
ڵʱ΢֪ԼûƭˣʱٴԾˣֻԾһ졣
Ļֺ˻֪ͷһ춼Ծİҽˣ
ż
΢ѵ㣬һûĲ뿼ô֣
ǰͻϰܳóɼģʱ￼ԳɼǰƽʱĳɼԶɵĻˣ
ɼòÿҪǲ˵ȥѧɺķְֱӹҹ
粻ԾԾϰʱ˯ôΣƫƫิϰ׼Ծͺ
ڴ˼룬΢ֻ㿪ͨѶ¼ҵȻĵ绰ʱȴԥˡ
һһ᲻ᶼ˯ֱӴ绰һ˳ѾͲˣȷϢһ°ɡ
ô΢˳š
Ȼ£쿼Ժ鿴ȥôûи˵ҿúòã
ȻѾ
Ȼ죿ͦ˵ģ䵽ԣѧûɶ仯ɡ
Ȼ˵ôԼ㲻ǵ
оѾſĿͿգ̫ȫ䡣
ƫƣ˰ɣȻظѡĿƣɼӰ첻󡣡
ٺ٣óĺͲóȫǲȫܵģ΢һϹлı顣
ˣȳɼ⼸ôһֱڼ𣿡
˵ӦǳųɼδҵûеʱֵģҶοʮûףΪ˲ڳɼҼϰץȥ̸ģ⼸컹ǹԹڼҰɣ˳⼸ϰԵԼؿѪȻҾԭˡ
аɣԼһأʱڼô¡ȻεȻɸͬûһŵģ
ôȣ̫ôˣԹڼҴŰɣ
ֲɹô˵
챻ˣ΢һŤͷı顣
˺˲˵ˣǶžպ˵ʱ渴ϰôķҪҳȥ֣
΢΢ĽĿ⣡
΢Űɣ÷죡
ͰȻ΢ǰ˷¼
հȻ˵ƲϵĵӦÿûУˣѧòƾӡ
óϽ۵΢Ȼ
ԲԷȻţԾڸŪ㣬Ϊ˯ʮһ㣬û͡
ԲԣҼ˯΢æҡͷرɺá
裺ʲôë㻹˯ţ
˯ҲŶ
УţҪ˾ǰ˵ҸŪ緹
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Ŀ뿪΢˸ֻ
Ѷ˿϶ǲ˯ģϷɣ
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ǻϷԣ΢ֻҪճС
ߺ򿪺бҵһλУ΢һĤݵıȥ
ˣԵ¡һ䣬˼ӺַһλĹԡллУ΢Է˸ޡ
ӵ񣬵ҲܴǱȽ˷ʱ䣬򲻹ңֻҪ߾ͻܡ
źõģ
΢ʶģ˳ãָƢãȫҲŵǰÿ»΢ùԣżԼΪʵбȽæûԵʱҲȥһݿ׵ķ
ǰʱжʱȽæÿϷʱ΢ôڼÿдҵʱĺܣѰչ˽µĺź˾Ϥˡ
չ˼򵥵΢һ½ͨ񣬻ãù
Ǿ͹һɣû¡
ֻ£΢˸
ԽˣҪ߶ˡ
ʱ̫Щ㱸оһжһûʵʸУܵһл᲻Լ˯źһΣ糿ϰˣˣһǲǾͶʧˣ
һεĻΪʲôܵĵʹأ
΢ãˡ
˴ʱ˼ЩʲôȻɶ
ֻһ΢ٴνֻ¡
ľͲЩҲ벻׵߰ˡ
΢֮ǰӦԨ顣
ԨпҲʣ졣
⼸æԼĩϰ緹ֱȥģô΢ѾͦûԨ˵˵ˡ
Ҳǣæ׼пأǲȥˡ
Ҫ⼸ȰѸԨ׼ãɼܵһʱͳ
ϴ˵õԨƺûԼȥҲ֪ʲô
뵽΢ִ˳ŵ뷨
ճͻ񣬶Ƶ˻죬ۿʱʮһ㣬΢׼𴲡
ٲҪ緹ˣ
ʱ򿴵˰ȻԼ;羰գ΢ǽһĽ
תͷԼҸĸɳ׷׷þ۾ֻҪŵӣȥüȦ˶û˿һһµġ
ô̫ôڼﲻ
ǰοȻĻֱ΢óοԼ
ʲôŹʲôְ
Ӧڼﱧϻ߱һһԣ

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޲ɻشϱ˯һʱԾȴĹ̫Ѱˣɼ
ôڴضȹƽƽ죬һ磬Ⱥ֪ͨҷУȡɼдֿƱ
Ҫˣ
վУ԰ſڵ΢ԼȻżᶨĲԼĽҡ
Զ۳ɼûأ΢ߵſڵʱͿһ˶Χڽ̨ϡ
סУ⼸컹ѧУûлؼңȻûʣͬѧɨһȦ΢ܿɼܰ

41

ң֯}˵ġ΢ŵܰһæվȥ۾ûɼ
ûǻô֣ܰ΢Լλϡ
㲻Ҳˣ̯֣ܰ뿴Ҽȥʱ˭ǲǰั·ְеİίҪ¾ѡˡ
Ҳû
ûСͺһҡͷ
ðɡתͷֵ̨ͷԼ΢ҡҡͷ˼ȥ뷨
ܻῴģ춼ȹˣҲ⼸ӡ
˵ô˵ʵ΢ǲԾؾͶȺ˿óܰǺҶѹûȥ䡣
ҵĴС㣬ңұǺÿܰŰȻĵ΢ǰǿתͷԼ
ţÿ΢ͷ֣ܰӣͷƫȥˡ
ôôû˳˾ͱΧ˰û»ô˵ſô
΢²ۡ
ܰ˵˵ڽ̨ΧŵȫסУǽһ󵽽ҵǶΪ̨Ѿ¸˶ԹԴλϣȴʦҺ󽫳ɼÿ˴һ顣
ȰͬѧĲˣܰัлϽ̨һôҸظλõʦֿ־Ը֮ǰĿƺųɼֱӽ߿ʼģÿ˶пĻᡣ
ɵƯ΢˸ĴָĶܰ͡
λÿм䣬ıߵĳɼҪʱ䣬û£ͺͰȻһ
˵ĸҪȥ棬Ϊֻǿȥһ죬˭֪ڶʱ΢֪Ȼĸĸ˷ɻƱȥˡ
Ȼÿ˯ǰ΢ռţһǰ˵
κ΢ĥӲݰȻǲϸʲôҪȡɼԼ˵Ҫܸһϲ
״С㣿ҵأ΢̽ԴȻǱ߿˿
ڲ㣬Ȼȥʱ˵
ȸҿ£΢ȥץȻİ
Ȼĵ΢֣һίģæСο£Ȼᡣ
С΢ͷתѰһųɼ촫Լˣæ
ӦĿųɼɣϾѡĵ٣ĿԺܶ˵ҪԶɨһ۾ʹһˡ
۰Ͱ͵˺ܾãڴ΢ˡ
һۿĿ֣΢һֽܿ
·ɱң۾һ΢˳򰤸ѰԼ֡
ǰʮûУǰʮûС
΢ԽԽıȶ컹졣
ָٻ΢ڿԼ֡
΢ܷ֡༶꼶Ʒ
ſȥ΢ڷ
ԭǰģֲǰʮû֡
˵òԤƵ΢ôһ㣬༶ۣ꼶ǿܹ߰βֵͣͨ໹֮߰࣬ȷ
ɼҪ߿ʱ򿼸ĴѧŬĿƾȴǰߣ֪ʶס˾ǼסˣûסûסֻҪϸܹջġ
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ҵҲϸһ飬ûʲô飬˻ǲˡ
̧ܰͷʱ΢ֱضԼ֪ҺÿҲһֱſһẦߵġ
˵ܰգգ۾
ţÿҲ˵ԼΪ˿ģ΢εصͷͼ䣬תȥˡ
ģܰ΢ļ
ʲô΢òٴת
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š΢ͷźġ
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ܰҲû˵ĿƵȷͦƽġϾѧûá
Ҳ㣬ο΢ļܰ˵ǺǶߣûߵȷȥʵࡣ
š΢ͷ
˵ôһѾ㣬϶һ࣬Ժҹ
û⣬һģҾָˡ΢ܰ˵
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ˣһ͵͵˰Ȼĳɼܰץ΢һʹԼһ߰࣬һܵȥͨ࣬ȻֻĿƳɼ
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׵ʲôӲŻᱻΪǡ䡱ԣ
΢²ۣȥľ͹ȥɣ֮ͺ˵ټˣҲ֡
뵽Ҳ΢̲ס¶Цݡ
㡣һۿ΢С˼İȻҡҡͷʦ֪ĵġ
ҾʦӦÿڲϰ༶ƽֵĺ˲Ŷ԰ɡ΢룬Ͼ̵ͦõģûѧȫҸ˵⡣
ˣЦá
ٺ١΢ɵЦ
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Ҳ˵ͨ಻ã΢֮ǰһֱͨ࣬߿ʱȻȲЩѧԣ˵ѾǸĳɼˡ
˺ͱ˱ȵʱܻԼкܶ಻㣬͹ȥԼȾͻᷢʵʱֻҪŬˣÿ˶õġ
ɼܰ΢תʱȻ˴ķ羰
ǺܳγɫƺзԿԶڵϵӰӲͣر任״
У԰ĻˣȻúԶЩʱ΢·ڻһŵһ㡣
ð
΢Եظ̾
ҪʼˣĸһҪˡ

42

ֿ־ԸʦôڰٻʱҾͿȥһ¥洦ѯԼķְˡ
ϵõ˾һЩΪ֮ҲһرˣЩΪһδͬһ༶ˡ
ĸȥĿҲǰû¶ӭʱǣȻ
ǾǣĸҲֵܷһģҺͰȻȻһࡣþͺҹƻʦ࣬ȱˡ
һȥʵҪ콻ѣⲻԸܵԿܰ
ţİɣһǰæġͷ
˵ˣõĵ㡣ΣҺúѧ߰㡣
ûȷҲȥ߰أܰƲ죬һ΢㻹ǵĵԼɡ
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ʵİε֮ǰļ䣬ܰǷͬһģпֵܱͨķԼ
˰ȻԺ賺·õģڱ಻õģܰͺһҲԼȥȫİĻ
뵽΢Щʧ䡣
Ȼֻһ꣬ҵĸĺܺãԵĻһ㶼Ƿֿ
ʲôأȻ𣿡
ܰȻ첲§΢
ҲŲأ˰΢ŰȻһ˵һգգ۾
˵ú㲻һȻʱӭǰͰȻѧѧ΢ͶҲգգ۾
ŶŶ֪ˡܰ΢ֿȻЦ
֪ˣܰһ£Σ˱ˣÿθĸ·ַӾͳԶˡ
ѽôظʲôֲǼˣĿҲ¥¥Ƕסأ滹򵥡ܰڲסУأУ԰ôһƽʱˣ˭Ⱥ˵һμһ˾ˣŪúԺһѧУһһҪ˸߿󣡡
˵ıЩתܰЦøˣﶼǴŮЦһЦÿҪЦЦ֪
˾һЦЦ֣ʱܿȥʦʱҲû˵ʲôֻʾҿȥ°༶ˡ
ݰݣԭû
˹ÿʦҲи԰༶µĻᣬʶĳʦĵһʱͳȥˣֺ󣬾͸˵ͷ
ȻԱҿ϶Ҫġܰͺλקλδɰѧѧǵġ
Уһ̡Ρ
һһ¥򹫸
ǰѾΧһȺˣĿǷֿģĿٺܶࡣ
ʱͰȻֿһȥְ΢飬ܰһĿǱߵķְȥ
ͬѧԶ˿λøˣûþֵ΢ˡ
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һԱߵˣԥһ»ÿλá
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Զ빫ĵطƶ˺ܴһغΧһȦ
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˸ͷ˵ֱߵİȻͽ˵ڸ߶ʮ࣬ţҲӭǳ档
߶߰ࡣҿȥ档
߶ࡣܰͺȷϹͬҺ;᳣ȥǵġ
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΢ȥĿƣ賺ʵ
šȻͷʹѡҲģˮƽһдôҵǻ
ҲǣÿμдüʲôһȥĿƲ֡·Ц
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˵ȻЩѹ
ǵÿζ΢վһǸ賺ʵ
Ŷԣ¶һԻͦá񣬰ȻͷĿʵࡣ
΢أ·ʵ
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ʱ΢ڽҿǸĬĬ۲Χˡ
ĿƵһʶĿǰͬѧҲûһԭһ߰ģ΢̾˿
ĿưŮ࣬ҪӦûǺܼ򵥵ġҲܸ໥ʶʱ䣬ǵȸ߶ʽѧ˵ɡ
˵ʦô΢ֻϽҵˡ

43

ſʮӺ΢һŮʦ˽ҡ
նţȫ骣ʷҲǵİΡͬѧŶӵȡǵҵͼڻűٵǼϢͿУˡ
סУͬѧǼǵðռڻűϵʱǰУ·䣬߶ͬѧʱУС
űҵϵʽڼʲôҲԴ绰ϢңֻҪҿ˿϶ἰʱظġ˵껷һȦʵб𣿡
ûˡ
ǺãŶ̨춫ɡ
΢ûߵĲ֮Ŵλվߵվá
ڼҲͬѧ˶ŶӣҲվڶ棬ǰͬѧԼû֮ǰʦû˵ʲô
һĶʦøдϢǸͬѧһѸղ˵ݹܽһдںڰϺ֮ͬѧܿ
ܲɣסľ궫׼ȥУſڵȰȻԼ΢
õġѶһߣ΢ӽ̨ʣ˼һ£ʦķԸĿɫͱȽϴںڰд˸ղʦ˵ص㡣
дʦһ£ȷûʲô©ŷ±ԼĶʦ׼뿪
лл졣ʦ΢Ц˵
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˽ţ΢վű߶࿴˿ûܰȥ߶߰࿴ĺڿᡣ
ſڣһ̧ͷͿ΢֣ʾ΢ߡ
¥ݿڣ΢Щԥ
¥ֱȥУſڵأ
Ǹ඼ڿᣬ¥ʵ᲻Ҳڿᰡ
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ѧżˣѧƷһҲ
ȻСڱȽԶĵطͱȻҰɣ˼СüƵƷ꣬ٺúȣȻҲôԶ̲ġ
һɳ΢ڴóֻȺ﷢ԼλãǽԼ
ȴʱĵġ
΢һɳ꣬ȺܰͺԼᣬֿ˵ҲˣȺﻹûϢ
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΢ڶɳʱ򣬰Ȼˡ
΢ǰһѾĶȻȵ˵ˡ
һСƱ˵Ҿõû΢̧ͷھͺڣʱȥֱȥ겻ôһӱˮһ㣬ϵܶٲ
ԲҪҲˣȻѧУٳܲȥ΢ߣȻ˵

΢ˣ
㿴Ĵֻ̫Ԥڵǿ˵һ飿ȥܲ
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£żһûµģƽʱǺעġ
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Ȳ׶۰ɡ΢æҡͷܾһתͷȻҲˣСƱۣȻҲǱɳҪ
ʲôµİȻɻؿ΢ֿ賺
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š˶ԼͣȻ˼ܡתƻ⡣
΢ǰôȻʵ
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ǿΪԭȰȥģ˰༶ȶǲ־ͷڱİ༶ˡ·͵
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˵ǺúŬȡ߶ѧϰʵȥ飬ܾܰˡ΢Ҳң˵ҹΣա˵пܿʵľͺˡܰĻʹȥ˹Ҳȥǻࡣ
⵹ǣ쵣ûžַܰӵһȺˡƺʲôȻЦ
˵˵˵£΢һͦʵġ
濪ѧԶ賺
ûǿ϶ܻӭ·Ҳ
¥̫Զˣμʱ仹¥ġ΢ҡͷ
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⵹û˵΢ͬصͷ
ԺѧʱרҵŮ͸ˡ
꣬΢ȥվûþ˳
ϳȻŴóһװõĺӵݸ΢ؼҺٴ򿪡
ݰݣڿ֣Ȼվվ̨϶΢֡
ټŲ˻֣΢ؽеĺй۲һַڶҡ˼£ȷ²װʲôŲذŻ
ʲôôصģ
΢Сèצһ㣬޲Ͼͻص𿪿
ԷûҪԾڸ档ʵ
òãҳһЩڲȻʱԵˮˡ΢һسԼҡ
źãóУоȷĲʴû취΢ó
Ķ΢Щ⣬תһ룬ֵȷǰȻ͵Ķ
ĶóڹߺõĵطոȻȥ΢ԡ
ллҺϲ
ϲͺҲһ
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ţæ
˵ҵ΢֮ǰ̲ʱҲûŰʦĶóһڻԼļҵʲô
ֽʰװȾһҵ嵥΢ͷβһ飬Ȼһ档
˵Ŀҵǡ۽硣
̾һ䣬ҵ嵥һߣ΢鿴Ķ

44

֮һżڻű΢óۣѧУİٴʽʼ
󲿷ֶдڰȫעȥһЩʩĿʱ䣬ᣬͼݣϰԼʳúС
ֻͼݣ඼סУùĵġ
ѧڸһѵ־Ըļһ绰ͬѧǰϵȾѵʼǰʦὫҼͳһѵ
΢۾һѵ־ԸߣȤ
Ȼ΢һѵʱûгʲôҲûôվ̫±ɹⲢվϯ̨ǿؾѵ
վԼұܵʱ
Ҫȥ־ԸζҪǰУڻˮʮ죬ڿһҵ΢ԼʱܲдҵЩûס
ɲǰȻÿ춼ǰƴдҵһھ͸㶨һڵҵ
΢һ㶼Ǳд棬ÿдҵˣʱ䶼ǹ̶ģżΪ鲻û̫ȲдҵԲΪöһֱдҵϢġ
Ҫӳ顣
ǿԨڵı֣ΪԼûмҵҪдҵĽǰϷ̼ô΢Ҳ⵱־Ըѵʱԭⲻȥ
ô˺ģ˭˭
Ȼһ¶΢۸Ԩ
ЩӰ˵Ϣ΢һ齫ҵ嵥һ
һųɼ
΢ֻһ۾ͷһˣʱֻҪ˳һˣĸҪųɼǿ
һЩԾһųһۣ΢ǵһߡ
һЩҵרҵרð档
ҪҪͰȻһڼƻűأȻ϶ǲżƻģ׻˵úãƻϲϱ仯졪
Ⲣڼڿʼǰ滮һԼļڸô
̬⡣
뵽ϢѯʰȻƻûܸܲԼĸշοûյͼƬ΢طŴͼƬ۾
ƻҲ̫ϸ˰ɡ
Ҳѹ˼ºЧʡ
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΢ΣʰȻûмһЩġ
˵Ұǰļƻܼ򵥵ģԽдԽϸȻظŲúгɾ͸𣿡
ȷгɾ͸УͬʱͷҲۣ߲ͻ
ϰߵľûҪôϸִʱͻиָⲻдϸ˴˷ʱ䡣Ȼҵˣ¸ĸա
εļƻȥͼ˺ܶ࣬΢׼ģԼֽһͿȻһĵ
򿪲ŷǵӰļƻ
ҶдȷӰ浵ӡֱŵӰ޸İɣд鷳ġ
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á
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΢ֻǵҵ̫С˰ҵڼڿſʼдꡣ
˵Ƶļҵѧǰһ»ܲģĿƾͲһˣǴδεȫѧǰ죬ʮСʱԲȲ˯дҲдġ
ƻ鷿Ĵӡӡϣ΢ڴԣÿ𴲵ʱܿ
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ֻ½һǩҳʱ棬΢ͷ㶨
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΢ôţȥѰһЩˮ
ճû壬΢ֻϷĵ˰Сʱ˳Ϸڴ߷
Ҳ֪øҲдҵ
ʱ΢ĿʱʱؾƮ˼ҵ嵥ڵĵطܿƿ
ȻſʼôҵҲ쿪ʼд
Ҿⲻдҵһɣ
΢ڴϣֻб֡
ţ΢ԺкȻðһ뷨
ôõĻҪҪѧʲôģ
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΢ԻһֱȤСʱȻûϵͳѧϰһʱͻźÿͼġѧҵԽԽæµġ
뵽΢Ըǰ鸽ڻ滭ϡ
ѵǺܶģ滭صĿγҲ廨š΢ȥͦ׵Щּҳ˿γۺͳɹչʾŻٽһ鿴ԷĿγ̰Լڿʦ
һʱ䣬׼Ͽòˣ΢תͷһüһ쵽ĸ°ʱˡ
΢Ȥһֱ֧֣Ϊ˷ֹֻȶѪǮϼڿξͲȥˣظͨ΢˵ʲôĸͬڶȥǮ
Ͼ΢ǰ֮ġСʱĽĴ㣬Ÿĸˣòøĸͬ˸赸࣬һڿξͱڿ޵΢˵ʲôȥϿˡ
Ϊ˺þá
ǮǲǮģΪ΢ԣӲקеĿγ̡
֮΢ʲôͻһСʱľ˲ȴҲʡ˲Ǯ
ϰุĸҲȺ΢ȷĸϽҪϰŻ࣬һᰴ΢뷨ѡƽʱ໹ĩࡣ
䵽˽ԼһҵĿ¼侲΢ȨԼҪҪϻ滭ࡣ
ȤģҲСʱ赸ֻһʱ𣬵ʱϿܰŲҲģʱ滭ûѧҵҲûд꣬òʧ
Ǹĸһ°ɣ΢ôţȺϢʺǼڳҵ⻹ûİš
ҼҿܼмʱȥΣһǵøķ羰պ׼ƷġǰȻ
дҵ֮⡭Ϸ賺Ļشɼ򵥡
˸鵥ȡȫ겢дСڵͬѧɺϲ顣
棬ʹ棡˾Ϳ˧硣ܰ
òϰп򵥵Ļظ
ԤϰѧڵĿγ̣Ҳ˵Ҫ߰࣬ɼŬ췢һı顣
Ĵߣд㡣
յϢʱ΢һ²ŷӦȺʱСİѶԷҲӽбˡ
賺Ϸظ·

45

ҵļܷḻϷ
˼ϷҲܱ꼶ǰʵ࣬΢ﲻľˡ
ҵĻظ΢ֱֻԼϴˣæչȥʵ
ͣеĶ̧ͷƳһһɵ΢Ȼͷ˵£չȡ
΢
ˣ΢ǲô򵥶ߵģɤӣ˵æϴˣҶżҲæ񡣡
ϵȥ
Լࡣ
ءŤͷһۣ΢ʵ£һϣǻ˵˵ϴ˵飿
ʲôˣɴֲͣ嶢΢ûڡ˵ɣǿûûǷְûֺûʲôƷȱǮˣ
һȥҲܡ
˵ֲһ䡣
΢
ϵЦάֲסˡ
ǣҾæϴˡ΢ؽ͵Ҫίжί
ţлл㣬Ѿϴˡ˶٣΢Ҫԣ
˲ˣæϵȥ΢æת׼·
ʲôģҪԷˡ
Уġ΢æͣ½Ųתͷġ
Ѿͷָˣ·ְֶűӺˮֿ΢Сʵ
ɶҲûæϴ˻ˡ΢ί
ĸְ߰ǲǿԳɼ룿㻨Ǯˣʦѵˣ
΢
װ裬˼ʽһģһġ
Ů߰࣡Ȼûʵ൫ͨ࿪Ѿ˺ܶ࣡
ţְֺĵر˵˼΢
ġֻæ΢ΣԼϰȻһҼļƣ̾˿ֲһ䣬˳иڼڰŵ뷨
Ŷְϳͷ⣿
Ȼأ
ǾͳԷʱ˵£С¾ͱȥˡְ΢ļο˵ˣҴչȥᱻġ
΢
ĴΪɶһɽԺĸо
˲ˣͷۡ
С⵽˳صĴޣҪ
ʱ͸ĸ˵Լķְ΢յһޡ
⽥Ŀ΢û˵Լ뱨滭飬˵ĸ
滭ࣿ跴ʡ
ţǻ֮ǰѾ˸ĿڱѵʦѧѺͿγһű΢˵ŷ¿ӽӡõϷַԼϰֺ衣
һʱ𣿡¿Ȥض΢׼Ͽ˰죬̧ͷʵ˵˵ôģ
ҵ뷨΢Ӽһڲ˷Ž߽֯ԣ۸ѡеȵģ뾡㣬γ̱̫ӣʱҲ̫ġ
裺Ҫࡣ
ٺ٣״̬ʵϿ϶ȫģǾѡǸ£Բǵ΢ֺõЦ
˵ײϰԼҸĸǮǵΪ
ǵ򵥰ϲǾȥ£˵ãһ;·ҸָĽڲȥϿΡ
ûŮѧְֵͷ͵أѾʵж㲻ϲ裬˵ѧڳڼϰʣһһֱϲģҪϵͳѧϰһ°ְֿ϶֧֡
ѧ㲻õģֻҪѧ֪ʶҲνԻǿѧʲôҿϻ滭Ϊܶ಻ͬ͡
һûãǻѧֵҼֲ΢
ֲóôʱȥѧϰϰ裬ѧܿ˵ʵѧҲܿ죬΢Ϊ˺Ǿᡣ
룬пȥЩѵڸտʼƶڣȤĿγ̣ۺ϶ԱپȥȥԼȥļҡ
Уʵؿһ¡΢ͷ
ѧ滭ԣѧϰܵ󣬸÷ɵʱɣѧϰʱѧϰֻҪźʱ䣬ڲѧϰǰʲôǶ֧㡣
ףѧϰΪҿ϶Ūεģ
΢ƴͷ֤
˽æʰصԼң΢ŵʱͿűżճżƻ
ſһ飬΢ΣһƻòˣôҲʱ;ģ
Ҳ˺һʵؿ־ȥأʵҲиֻ滭̳̣ƵʦͬѧһѧϰΧ϶ǲһġ
ЧʹҲһھѧϰЧʸ߻÷ˡ
׼óһûС˵΢Ȼյ·Ϣ
Ϸ
ãԵȡ
Ȼһɻ󣬲Ѿż٣ʹŽϷҲ˵ʲôģƽʱϿڼֻϡ
ٵ¼Ϸ΢߾յ롣
ȷϼ룬΢򿪶бɨһۣǹڼЩˡ
ҪߡԿףԿ׵Щͣӳ˵ϴοϵͳϿˣԡ·͵
˵ǵṩӳɡ賺
˲ýôϸġ΢ΣϴǸСò𣿡
һ˻ˮֲ˼ġ
ûãдءӳظһ䣬Ǹ㽲¹򡢴ȥǰãȻǽ
á
ѣʵǸݲԶɹȻڹ涨ʱػԼļ԰ֵһһĹ﹥Ϳԡ
ÿﶼиʵԿףԽԽʸߣÿĴƣÿÿܻõԿƣҽһλռҪһǰ
賺·һһ΢ʱ˳Ҳǰ
ʵѣΪʵʹҪظÿλֶǹ̶ʱ䵹ʱû˳Ժ˷ʱ䡣
һûṩӳô죿΢ʵ
ҲûϵĿǰýλܰѽ춼Կռ롣·
ðɡ΢ԼͷĶ
΢զǶĴҶģʼǰ΢󷽡
ϲйͻǰķ߳ĹΧڣ΢ֻվﻮˮ˳Լܸ˼ӳɡ
ʮӺ󣬻˱ͳռ䡣
΢һʱ򿪰ֻʮԿףʲ͵Ҳߡ
군ŷôܺԼйϵأ΢̾ϴδɡ
΢Щ˵Կ׵ɲʱҽ˶ߣʵǡ
һȦ죬΢ֳԼ˺ͦŷġ
ʵŷ˲ŷԼ֣

46

΢ʵЩƣתһȻˣҲûŷŷԼν
ʶ΢ӳɺ֮ǰһЩûѵķֵַݸ룬¾˵
΢һһֽͬһ˵ԼϷʱ䲻̫ǴòȫĹ͡
ƶӳӦǴٽһλһβզ죿ǲ˵̫
ʵ֤΢ˣŷ˲ŷԼ֮˵Կ׶Ƕʮ𣬶΢αϴθңֻʮ
֮ǰѾλδ֮ÿԿ׻ȡˣֻ΢Ϊֻ޻Զ
¶ӳ˵ٽҲõеԿף΢æڱ֮ǰ֡
һ¾ˡ
˵겻ȴҷӦѸ˳ߣճû塣
ʵ㲻ô죬æٹҲ٣ԿҲˣʵڲоͶ򼸴Ρ·Ϣ
òãұҲûģ¾Ͳˡ΢ظ
Ǿ͸賺˵ճɡճ˫ӽ
΢ɡ
΢лл
ָ賺˵˾лл΢صóʼǱͱʣ֮ǰóûǱ顣
ժдĺõľӻ䣬ҿһдһƪС
΢ȻҲϲ飬ǿ϶дģҸʼǱ¼õĶ;ӣʱдõ
ջۣ۵زԽдԽдҲá
΢ȽϿ죬һͨȵС˵ժʱܹҲò˶á
ǿɾͱȽϷʱˣ鲻һֻԼȤ飬ֻҪǺ鲻ǲԼϲͶضꡣ
΢ıȻҪǿɾͲԶˡ
ķڷ
һС˵΢ǰϴ˯
˯ǰ˼ȥѵʵؿ飬΢Ȼ뵽һǰԼԵ⡪
ʱԾô죿
һһһڹȥˣôĻ滭ѧ˻ûѧ
Ǹ⡣
뵽΢ȻͲ˯ˣȥ֮ǰϸ˼һ΢̾
Ȼ뱨ˡ
ҲһͻԾôοԼ΢ǾȥʵؿǾͻѧɣʹһʱȥ˴ҲѾ˵ѵѡ
ڶ΢ú硣
װ˱ˮ̫û΢¥ܻܲպܳ緹緹ϢϢϴܳˡ
ܲʱ΢˼һ۷ּڹȥѧˣʵҲʲô£ٲþᵽ׻ϲϻ滭࣬Լﻹһѵļҵȥɡ
СﶼĴүǣЩ΢Ļк
Сܲþ˰ɣÿζܿ㡣
ţֺþˡ
С￴ȥ˲أŮҲ̫ˣǹͷÿ
֪ġ
С´δҼŮһܰɣû˼ල͵
ҲȷÿʲôʱܲĻǿһ𡣡

΢ܲ߻ش·Ĵүǵʻźܶ˶Լˣܿġ
оʮȦȻô룬ֿ̧һֱʱûȥ緹ˡ
ͣ˴Ȧ΢û˼ʹүѵģֻ¥¥ݼһ£æ¥ؼҼ졣
ܲǿݣעǰܺ˲˵пԽԽ֡
΢ܺר˸ƵԼܽһף࣬ʺԼͺá
ֲ꣬һˮ֣緹ʰԼĲ;ߣ΢վڿңԶ
ϴ裬Ҳдҵɴվſķ羰ɡ
羰ʱȻӦϵأϴ֮ǰ΢ɨϵأֲһӣ󻹸Ļˮ
ϴ贵ͷ΢úϣ·ԿױСſʼ졣
̫Ѿˡ
վڵԪſڿϻ̫ͱһȫסƶ䣬΢̾
ĺܲŰ
ʹɡҲǺȣһȾһͣȻ϶Ͱˡ
̫ɽбҪٳܼȦô΢̫ɡ߳Ԫ
ڻûôȸϽҪĵطһ飬ڿγ컹˰ɡ
ƻãʵͲˡ
ۿѾ쵽緹ʱ䣬Ȼ΢ʣûܡ
˵Ž첻γ̣κÿҵС̫飬ܾ΢ÿҶʮʮӵĿΣʱôˡ
绰ĸ˵ȥõһ緹΢Ŵ̫ʣ꣬ʡٳ
ؼǰҪȥСϺֱûˣ
Һ֮ǰҲ࣬ٱʱ΢ҲþܾҲܾˣǾɡ
ҲǴ̫ɹ鷳꾲֮΢ԺҵĻͦģγ˵̫ϲ
Сеһ΢۾ˡ
ɡһ·СܳǰǸʽû΢͸о˶ˬˡ
óǰĴӣ΢򿪱ÿ˵
˻ԨģпҲԼҹãôţ΢ÿһ
ֿװãϰķһԼԨķһ΢ЩԼԵģͲǮˡ
˵ñĶǻ΢ֻܱ֤Լٳԣǲܵġ
ͺ̲һʹڼ΢ҲֻٺȶǲȣΪһֻԻҲܳҲܳԵĻ̫ˡ
ֶŶȻǲϣ΢ҲûȥһˣֻܻؼҺĸϢ°ʱ˳
ؼңŽ䡣΢·óһ˺װɳ
óԣ˶һ
ҵʱֶԼļƻ˰죬΢ʼдҵ
һддĸ°ؼҡ
ˣڳԲԣʵ
ԣ
ģ뿪ˣʵ
ⲻһ㻹Щȥ鷳
УһҲ̫࣬θá趣һȥˡ
ûԼ˳ԵʱϾͶ԰ٶ԰֣Ԩķ֮һ÷һߣ΢ѾԼϴӵˡ
ֵҲһ˹ȥŲϡ
ϣû⣡
һα϶ȥ΢ܺĵظ϶ӣȻȥ鷿ϰֳϡ
ĸоɳϿŵӳϲҪ̫
ӰмǲûĲͽ΢̾

47

ʱڻ滭΢ֺ͸ĸһ¡
ĿĲΪ˵ĸǮ
֮ôҷֻ滭ⶫһʵҲѧ̫ݣһȥϿΣ̫ȵģҪϸŸֽ̳ѧɣʡ·ϵʱ䡣
ҽҲͬ£ҺӾҲ˵ʱİЧ󣬵ǳʱİ㶼˿϶ûʱ䡣ҪĻǿ԰ǰѧϰһЩƵһݡ
ҲС΢ͷ
γأڲҲкöڿεģְʵͬƼһҰַ㿴
һȥ
ҪֻΪܣҲУ۸Ӧö࣬ڲæϽѧʲô߿֮ѧĺӶһ֮ѧϰʲôᡣؼҲûѧá
Ǿ仰˰΢Ŀһʹģ
˱˸ϽԷְ΢ͷһ£ôϲҪɴ㱨ѧϰݵİࣿ
ͳԷ˲ˡ΢æܾ
ѧҲ˵ԺѧڸÿֻҪ˵ģѧĺôѧҲܿ׬㻨Ǯ
ĬĬԷ΢
ǲ˵ˣϰĿȫĴڣ극ʰöȥдҵɡ
վҴǰ˻ֻϷ΢򿪵ԾȿϰͬƼƽ̨
֮ǰȵ¼Լ˺Žһһ
Ҳ͹ˣ΢ԼϺŵʱ˶ͦ˵ģ賺·ĺʱͱֻԼŷ
ͷչ΢ÿ춨ҽ֮賺·˫ĺճʣԿ״ˡ
ԼߵʱΪòÿһʱлϷ賺·ǰУȫ˷ʱ䡣
ʱƽƽߣ΢û滭ࡪϵҲûС
ֻЩ滭ƵпվͿŻʣʣʱϷС˵дҵ֡
дŷĿƵļҵһĶ࣡ÿζдۣ
Ƽҵ˼˼˼˼дĿƼҵʣ²ͣдˡż죬΢Ѿ˺üо
죬ϴڴ΢ȻȺȻð˸ݡ
Ȼǳȥɣ
Ȼȥ԰ˮݣ
Ȼˮ԰Ҳ
ȻҲڼдҵˣȥ棡
΢԰ˮݿԣˮ԰ɣҲӾ
賺ͬϡ
·ӾȦ˽һ£
΢˽лл
ȻⰡǾȥ԰ˮݰɣ
΢ģ
Ȼģɳȥɹ̫Ҳдҵˣ
΢Ȼҵʲô
Ȼ&賺&·ĺģ
΢
΢аɡ
Լһȥ棬΢͵͵˽飺ܲǰҵʲô
ͬʵ࣬ȻһĿưһư࣬Ӧò࡭ɣ
ҵеǶУѧԤϰ⣬ʵظ
Ԥϰ⣿
ţѧʵҪտԣͿʦ֮ǰҪԤϰѧĲ֡
΢Ĭˡ
ðɣĿ֪ʶ㱳оͲˣƱȽϲңֹʽԭ
ôһԱͦҵġ
ѹְȻƵҪȥ治дҵˡ
΢ĬĬͬ˼ӣлл硣
Ҳ˯ǰʵҵˣ΢ȻμԼѧʱҲҪμʵԤϰԣȫֻ֪ܿžӸż֪ô֡
ƴдֵʱȻǵһʦе칫ҿĽ˰СʱʱŷԼϰȫеѧУˣֱקŽһСʱ
֮΢Ͳ֪ˣΪˣŵá
۾ȷԼڴûԾҲûпԳɼûûû˵Ľ΢һ
̫ˣ΢ֻʱ䡪
賿㡣
̫ʵ֮΢Щ¡
϶˻滺ַɣʱû˯΢ɴϷ
Ҫȥûʱճ˯ҲͲ˷ʱˡ
ҹߵ˺٣ҲûС
бͨһҲڹʱġҹ˼䣬΢ʼճ
嵽һȻһ룬˺ĸ΢ѡͬ⡣
кáĵһʱ΢ʺá
ҹ
ûجαˣ˯£ճ񡣡
㡭պæҿԶѶӳ㣬һɣлл
õû⣡
λ΢λڹģҹǱǰ졣
ʵҲûʶãʱ΢衰ꡱ尾ҹƵ״еʱżӵĺѣΪʱĹϵ΢ҹ˻ġ
ие֣ٶȾͺܿ죬Ǳæʱ΢Ѿͱͦˡ
лл

һЩ֣ԺƸ㣬ҸͦЧģ˯ҹ
źõģллˣݰݡ
ټ
յ΢ݸƳ˼˳۵һ£Ǵ֣滺ȷʺ˯ǰ
ʱ΢ֻܵпյʱһһˡ
Ϸ֮˯ֻˡ
ϾһֻԽԽ˷ܣԽԽ˯ġ
ڶ죬ʱ΢ЩԺԺлǵýԼҪţֱӹصӼ˯ˡ
û˯ãôȥô緹ʱ迴ſڲϱ۾˯ŵ΢ʵ
šмˡ
Ҳ˵Լجα˰ɣһ׷ʲôجôզ죿
Ҫ˯±𼷹˴ȥɡ
ǿɲУĹȥǮֵüϺöأ΢˲ѡ
裺
û£ðҿ˯һ
վ
ɶ¡
裺
û˯ԡְԴȻһ£ʾ΢һʶ
ʱ΢ֱ۾ſˡ
ԷĵضҪ˯ȥңɳҲС΢
ţáӦ΢һû۾
극ȥһ΢š
Һû֪·ʱΣգò׵ȵ΢һλ£һʱ䣬û
ʵ̫ˣͱĿѣôҲ˯ţֻҪվͲվ
ô΢۾
һȻѵʱ򣬳ϵյվˡ
վ΢
ڶ԰վյվ̫Զ೵ʱҲֻ̣һ΢˻ȥĳ
ǸǸվǵһ£
΢Ⱥ˵

48

ȻûԼʱ䣬ż
·վ
賺³ʱһ
΢Ӧþҹȥʱˡ
΢̫ˣһ˯ˡ
΢ϵվˣңߵͨܿģ
΢Ҿ
һϢûãڶ԰ſڵİȻ˿ɡҲû򿪡ֻһ·ɱ΢
һִֻڰȻϣ΢ŬƽԼĺ
˭ܲģȻæӰóɡ򿪣΢ͷóһСȴһְֻ΢ȷ硣
賺·ԶһȻ̫ɡԶһ㣬Էһתʱɡǡ
ҡⲻ¡΢˵϶ģüΣֱſȻȥʪ
ֻôһͷ
ʪ΢մ򿪰һԵ·ѾƹȻɡһС
лл΢ֽӹû˺ͱȻ˹ȥ
ɡԼţҲԼȣ㿴ɡ˵ϵɡһͬǰһͣ΢ӹ˺װ΢
Ҳ԰ˣȥܱҸƷ賺顣
ðȻͷȻ΢㲻׼Աģ
ճһ΢Ȼףͷͬ⡣
ҵһСȥЩ˻죬Ȼ˳ȥ԰ƱŶƱ
Ϊȥˮ˳㿴һ۱ݣĶƱˮݺͿݲҪƱ֡
ƱһƱ붯԰վ¿ſڷĶ԰ͼô߸ʡʱ仹ܲ԰
ˮݵıʱĵ㣬֮ǰǿ϶ýȻƱͰˡ
԰ܴۺѡŵͼ㿪ʼ
㻹ûңʲôȥ˽ôվȻɡԼ΢һɡ£ʵ
찴ʱ˯ãҹ˸جξˡ΢뻹ʵش𣬡εѧԿȫѧڵȫ֪Ϲ˵һȱȥȲ裬мҳ
Ҳ̫ˣҲñѡȻ˶٣ʵǲʵʲôҵȥˣ
΢ͷϡ
Ҿ˵ôĪεѧԡȻΣ˵ͷֿʼˡ
ǾͲʲôҵͨͨӵһߡ
ţ
һ·ȥҲ̫ȣ԰˲࣬ǲüҲվǰͶǴк
ȤԶʨϻһ࿴ȥͺĶŮԶֻųĺÿĺͿɰģһͻűȥס
֪ʱѾȥСʱ۵·ӣһԡ
賺·ûӾóֻʼϷһߵ΢ͰȻСȷ졣
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ôƴдҵ΢룬ȻһһʲôȫԺģô˵ҲʱͿɵ桢ûиɣ
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΢Ҳ֪ôο㵽ʱһڼң
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ʱûϢǵݰɣݼټʲô߰ģ˴ʮļڣꡣȻ룬ش
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á
ϻһ΢ȻܵͷֱһOK
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Ժֱ۾ܿȻ˸΢̾ղǸοɲج˰
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΢ûü˵ãϵƺѾ˯ˡ
˯˸ˣ΢дȥֻ¾ѰȻֻܱһԶķ羰
⣬һƬдУɫ
ʱԤ΢˯ѵ賺·һͷָղ˯ǸˣԭŵǸ˯ˡ
ȥһȦ㿴ҿ㣬˵
΢û˵գգ۾ʾˡ
Ϊĵ㻹ˮݵıҪʱ˾ͽˮݡ
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ȥèͱˮˣȻοèɰ

49

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ǱӰҲɰȻ΢ҵطֻգ賺·θںߡ
ȥƷèļƷ⻰Ǹ΢˵ģȻĿһֱճڴèϣͷҲء
úúã֮ǰûôϲè
˭᲻ϲèأ
ҲŶŶˣֻǸӰ
ҲŮϲɰСԭɣֻǿá
΢ÿܲɢСèСǶ̲ס𣬸оܲ˶
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賺·ҲûͶǸһҡͷʾǲ
ÿϧôɰȻЩϧ˵
һɣԿ׿Ҽǵиͬϵеġ΢СƽʱõģҲ˵Ϳ
ţȻܿġ
뿪Ʒ꣬˳ȹ滮õ·߼䶯԰ĸߵڵʱѾˡ
濪ģȳʱȻһֻ΢һֻѾԿ׵èԿ׿۶ſ񿴲һ
ûôȾͺˡ΢춳ĲţȵĲţ󡭡
찡Ȼ
Ȼһվ̨ȳʵ΢ͰȻ˵ȵĲͬһ೵
һĻ;ûˣڰȻ˵ȵĳվ΢ϳվվ̨ǻָ
صҲ͸ߵ㣬ĸѾԹ΢·æԼǷݳԵ˳ϴˣڴǰվһ¿ʼдҵ
һ죬Ȼ˯˯ǰϴˮ裬𴲲Ųоƣ
ȺϴĵЩƬ΢㿪˿ϴľǰȻ
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΢ҲԼĵЩظϴȺᣬˣϴƬͺˣҴ󲿷ֶǾΪǺͰȻһĵģⲿƬ˻ظġ
дҵŵ룬ϴ贵ͷʮʱ΢ɽѡ
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մĶθãԨӴƮ

50

ԨԼһ˺š
΢ԤϵĲ࣬û뵽ô̵ʱԨѾ½
ôȷְҵˣ뵽Լôã΢Щ
ԨԼöˣֻҪְҵѡԼϲľͺãҪ׶ȡ
ţû¼ֻ½ѡԨϴõƻ΢ϡ
ȵȰڲϷС΢һƻ˵ȴ棬ȥϰֵıʼǱϷ
Ϣȷ賺·ߣָ˵ԼұܲϷаæչ˵㣬΢Ԩ¼ϷϷID˷˹ȥ
ЩԨԼ棬΢ſһƻȥ鷿ϰֵıʼǱ
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ʼǱԨûùΣϲżͻؼҺٲңżĻֻҲͼڽϷʱһԲòŻʼǱԡ
ʣ಻ƻиɾ΢ϴűŵԻҡ
õԴҳϷ΢ѵԷһߡ
ڼƳһԨ΢Ⱥܿ죬ûãƺѾִˡ
ſԨʧܼκͳɹԾͷеļɣ΢͵͵̾˿
˱ˣԼұܣ
˰οԼ΢óҵһдҵ
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һʼԼдҵԨһϷ΢ǾܾģϷʱ򰲰һ㶼żܸԼṩдĵزĺУ΢ûȥ鷿Լ档
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ȻǲܿͬһѧģȲ˵һĿһƣԨĳɼɱ΢öˣȥõĴѧ
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ڶ죬΢û硣
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ǱϿΣֻǽҵʶͬѧ˵ƺ뵽ʲô΢ֲһ䣬ŶˣпԵİ༶ܻҪԡ
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쵫ˡԨ˼ֽ𣬵ȱҾȥһ
Ƕ鷳ֱӸҰ˵ȥʱ˳һǲģ첻ϰࡣ˵΢ѾóֻԼϰַ˸Ϣյˡû⡱Ļظ
ֻøԨ΢ֽ˵ǮպãȻʱãһʱ䲻һأȻϳҾֱӰˢˡ
źáԨͷǷŵҾ͵ȵ㣬ȻذɣһҲԵġ
һ˵Ȼԣһ˰΢Ԩļ򣬡Ŷ㶼Ҹˡ
ΪһȳӺĵͣ΢һʱôߣһֱչͷû١Ԩȫ෴СʱǸС㣬ҲǳпʼȻ͵ϴܸͷûþͱˡ
죬ˡ΢ϳˢοԨһһ˫
΢Ȼǿ˭ʱʱθ
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˳㻹ܹ۲һԼδͬѧôһ΢ԼŮĶ࣬ĿǰҲͳ˼ʱ˶Ŀզ죿

51

΢͵͵۲ͬѧʱ䲻ļ
ɻػͷһۣǸŶ̷ȥʮ־Ů
ãҽǮԺͬѧ
΢˭Ҳʶǲϴˡ˵Ŀ⣬Ů󷽷ڣҽܵ
ã΢æֺŮһ£΢Щã
˭ǰûӡ󰡡
ΪǰԼȴǶԷֵ΢ЩΣŬصΪʱԾ߰ļ䣬Ů顣
ӦûҵģҲʶ㡣΢һᣬǮЦЦ͵
ŶŶ΢ɻˡ
˭˵ģ֮仹и˭
㡣ƺǿ΢ɻǮֱ˵˶Է֣Һ÷Сһ𳤴Ѱɡ
ֵĳʵ΢Щ⣬һҲûӴΣӡһܺõǮƺϲ
ԶܻкƽʱƵĹϵ΢ôҲû뵽Է˵Լ֡
ʵҲû˵٣Ǹأȥ˭ǡôʵϸ˭о롣΢ɻˣǮ˵˵иһȤŮҾͼסְʱ򿴵ֻһ¡ΪǱأѧУ²ɡǮ˵ų΢գգ۾
Ҿòġ΢ͷȴԼʲô˾Ȥ
Ҳ̫ȻʶԴ㣬ҪѵҰǮ˵ǴʵģҲûϤˣĳ̶ֳ˵ǲǺԵ֣
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϶ܰɣͨ߰ж࿪ģԱߵŮʵµ߰Ϳжʧ䣬뵽΢ͷ϶ţԵ֣֮ǰҲûˣôأͳˡ
˵΢¶һЦݡ
ԺաǮҲЦˡ
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ĵϷʱ΢Ǯ۾ˣʶĶȥֻһ뵽⻹ѧУҲû֣㬵ջ֣ԷԼһķӦӶЦ
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пܣǮͷ³˽ѧ¥ǾͼӺѣԺʲôһ棡
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Һһʱû˷Ѻļˣ΢Լһֱû
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ջ·΢Ԩŵ

52

΢Ԩһ
ĻûɣµˣֽӹԼҵ΢ʵ
һ޶ϴȥеʱ㲻˵ԵûԨұŸԵǼû뵽ϰ廹ǵң˵ˣҾǡ
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ЦĿЦģϰͷ䱿ģ΢ͷһԼϰ֣䣬ְԼҵŻҡ
ٳʱԨ÷궫˺Ĭһߵǰһһ
óԣ˺װҧһڣģ΢̲ס޵
óҲԣ³ԷˣӳƮ
ţȻôӦţ΢̲סֳһ
ȻڶԨȥõġ
緹΢ԼķԤϰγ̣Ԩ΢֮ǰĿαͱʼǱ鷿ϰ
ò˵ȻıʼǼǵϸԨʱ̲סһ
һıʼǱѾûˣ΢һӱʾԨˡ
ڲοϾڿʦһҪĻҲԸʵĸһʼǡǰмǱʼǵϰߡ
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ҪҲǸˣһκʷıʼǻңʣµҾòˡ
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ƺ͸һܲͬȻһµİ༶ܶѾͬѧһ꣬ʶطֳɺܶСȦӣҲź׽ĻǴԼСȦС
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53

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ð΢˸̾

54

ѧûãֻʣһЩĩؼҵסУ
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΢˼롣
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55

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ǣ˭ͷİɣ΢ԵǮеˡ
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ҲǡǮݺݻر΢һ£´ξҺһͳԵ
оԼҪˣء΢ܿŵ˵

56

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ЦŻӻ֣΢Ŀתʧſڡ
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еʱϰ߲ʲôиţϿΣ¿ΣؼңԷȥͼݡ
˴ѧһ˵ʱͱˡ
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ƺԱߴϤ΢ǣҲܺò
ȻǮ˵Լ϶ܿҵѣ΢ȻͲôˡ
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úѧϰϣμûҲǺҾܰдҵˡ΢˰οԼ
Ҫֱģ
ֱɵСС˺ܿͱѧɱų΢ûӦʱ͸һܱǮ嵭
أһûˣǮ΢֡
㣬㣬ҵĲӡܼѵؽԼĲӴǮ첲ȳ΢˺ü룬䱸ؿл˵֣
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ı˲ӺãΪҵĲӣ㻹İɡ΢顣
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ģǮעȫʱ΢Ķ˸Ĵָ
ˣ緹ġһ㣬Ǯǰ˼΢ź˼̯֣ҿǵĳ뿪ҾҪһ˲ȥʳáźĵشӻһԷģôң
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лỹԳһεģ΢һֱ뷨ŻʱקԨٰԼ衣
ϧ˺ϳֺ͵ǲָʣ˵Ĳ΢Ĳ̫áȻԨϵĹƺȲʣﻹЩʧġ
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š
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ҲܶͲĽ˳ְ΢ʰǮ

57

ǮҲûʲô£ǺȻ뿴΢͹ˡ
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ʶҵ˰ɣǮżʰ֡
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Ҳ֪ǲǹ΢ԣ³ʱ΢ȻտʼƮѩˡ

58

ѩˣѩܴ붬ĵһѩ
һʼһڿμյǰһ߿ѩһߴѩ¶áϻ᲻лѩ᲻̫
ֱѧ˲ŷִѩûСԽԽ󣬵ͻһѩ
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ѵȥϰҺؿĵطģ˵ͦԶģ΢ҡҡͷؿ֣պãŽ

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齱󣬾΢ĽĿˡ
괮ʺ΢ɤӣ롣

62

վʱ˵ſ϶Ǽٵģǵý豸Ϥǰʱ΢ĺȻƽ
ûģϾϰôá
ʱֻҪֻ貥ŵľͿ϶׸дҵʱţ·ϵʱ峪ż˯ǰɵʱҲС䡭
ô࣬ҪԼ
΢һʼֱԭ࣬򵥡
һ뵽༶ǲֻܳͲֶģСԭ϶ᱻѹȥ
ֻѡİ棬һ΢ҪΪϰΪų˵ǰӦԤ
ƽյϰûа׷ѣһжոպãһˣʱ΢ҲԼΪԼơ
ҲõһΣ
صλµ΢Щһײľĺܿ죬ֺ޲ھͳȥڲٳܼȦߴ󺰼ĳ嶯
¡
ڳȥ
·һűӵˮͷ£΢˲侲ȥ
ŴѩǷ˲ŻȥܼȦ
侲侲ͷˣ
æ˼ˮ΢ŬԼƽ
ڵŮչС޵۾ʱǰ·л档
ллҪǸϲĻԭлСȻƲסǣ΢Ǻǫ˵
ʵҲûɺдΨֻҪ˲ܵԣܵõһۡ
ססܽ
΢Լ˵
ҲҺðûرϤˣ΢ڿѾ̲סյǸǰҫԼˡ
佱ʮӶͣģ
ҲǳĽĿȻĻΪϵͬѧ΢Щţһʱһ͡
ˡ
Ů˲վڳܲ˼ģ
˼ʱȳСԲ˹ȥ²˽׸һۣ΢ջһ󲨿ޡ
ˣٿ佱ȥҪȥ侲侲ˡ
΢ѾЦشˣϻһƵģ
ɣǮϢˡ
ǰ
΢æԱߵ˵£˳ȥ
ԶԶһǹϵģ΢ŲЩɡ
߹߹ԱߺȻǮţ˭קס΢·ñʹͣ½Ų
ɻתͷ΢ǮӺ̽ӣץñӡ
ǰŲߺšǮһ䡣
ŶԷӺŽһ࣬ԭ˻ᱻĿ׼ʵϴæϷҲһозǻ˸ͷĿɨ΢뿪ĺš
΢Ǯһʱ佫ŹϣǸְͷת˻ȥ
غţǮ΢׼õλϣȻǰʳȫƵǰԡ
лл΢ͷû֡
֮ǰǸƻԵһʳ
ıݽˣǮСʵ
ţԭעڳϷϵ΢ջߵͷǳɹ
˵ɾˣڴǮ׷ʹԼԷֻǵͷûˡ
ڴõ΢
㲻˵ġǳɹʲô𣿡΢ʡ
˵ʲôϷȫעǮͷ߲˲壬û塣
˵ʲôҲû˵
ȥϷнƷŶڣȥԡǮ
ˡ΢æҡͷҾ¿ݾС
רҵʿ΢ԭΪܵ޶ЩƮƮȻٴλعء
ȻоԼĺҲûôˣҲǣĺòùؼ˭ȣ֮ǸŮպó⣬ƿȻеҲôࡣ
һһǵĸֱݣ΢Լİ༶
ٶ࿴Ҫһˡ
˶ɢˣҲܼš
ʱ˳Ǯĺؿ΢Сĵպã׼ؼҺһ𿪡
΢ʱһĿպýֵ˳齱ڡ
Сѯһߵˣ΢֪һǷرĿǰû˶ߡ
ǰѵҪֵԼ
Ͽʼ˯ͷ΢ܵġ
ܿ죬齱Ҫֵ΢ˣϰԵؽ·ɶ˸飬΢ų齱䡣
ǰ滹и΢ϴ߾ʱǸںԱߵҫرãȻǰѶԴ˲š
Ǵ˿̣ʵж֤ȷرá
鵽Ƿر
ӳ齱ջ֡չõֽʱȫ඼ˡ
֮ǺȻ
ΧȺһЦһЦֱһļظرãġ֮Ļɫˡ
ܿͷӦӹǷЦűʾؼҺҪȥϷʮ׼
ԴֱһִЦҲһЦˣһλ齱΢һ
ЩԼ̬Ѿˡ
ڲöдһžӾǺ£½ĳ齱΢ֻ鵽һοҲܿġ
ỹڼ΢һʳԵĽζȻûɵش˸ĹǷ
ʲô뵽ȥ΢æ
ҪǲС˯ȥǲǾͺȥһһ٣
ǧ
΢æӴ·һСȡ
ϳǰһ΢ϰֲע͵һ˵ЧرãҲΪЧ̫ϰֺ費ȡ
ݺÿȣٺһڣҪ΢ٵͷһŵһ
࡭
Чеģ΢ںܾ
ʱ򿧷Ҳ΢ˡ
ŽڻԭλʰңȻ˷Ϣ˵Լȥţ΢뿪У԰
ԨʱһȥԵ²һؼң΢㹻ʱƷ˳֡
ůģ̲裬΢˸Ƿ
Ȼֿʼˣ΢ʹҡҡͷԼЩóֻ뿴һʱ䡣
ֵֻô򲻿ѵûˣŵʱкܶģһҲûֻʲô
Һó籦Ҳŵģ΢򿪰һ飬ȻʰʱԨĳ籦װԼˣ
ϵԨü
ˣϾϵԨĹչء
·Ӧд籦ģо˰Ҳûֻ΢Ϸ
ͷһ۹ڵʱӣȻԼʱ仹һ㡣
¡΢ĵ°͵ֱһֻҡźһ̲跢
Ҳ֪˶ãϺȻһ޴ġડԺ΢˲ѡ
ɻػͷ˳ķȥ΢һ۾ͿǽǷתʱӡ

ʲô⻭˵ͱðˣ
΢ôʱΧһкȻģ塣
·һ΢ˮһ㣬һжúܲʵ

63

΢ֱˡ
亹̧ͷ΢һֻڰƺԼ衣
ʱԾˣ
˲΢æѰԼֻ
⺢˵˶ٴˣſ˯ˮ
ҼסˡҵػֻҲܵǷ΢߿ߺӦ˼
ȴʱ΢̧ͷһۣԼɵؿԼæЦݣұ֤Ҽסˣ´һˣ
˵ű߽ƳԼ䣬һ䡰һҪдҵͲ΢š
Ȼ϶ʱԾˣεʱԾʮֹ죬΢ֺܲõԤС
Ŵֻ΢ɴ۾ֻžһڴϡ
εֻ߽¿һۣûٴ򿪸ȺϢʱҲûԼĺбط˺ü飬ûУ
ʲô
ʲô
΢ͨѶ¼ֶڶûʱԾô¡
΢ûʱ䡭
Ծ
ص˸һԪʱʱԾǸʱߡ
侲侲żܽ⡣
ڴϣ΢ֽűŬԼƽ
΢ԭΪԼԽȻʱʱʱԾֻҪʱһֱǰģҲڶӭǴرʱһж˴𰸡
ʱ䲻ǰأ
һֱǻضʱ䣬޷δҲزȥأ
ͬʱһ㡣
뵽΢۾ʹȭͷûԼΪ¶ʲôǵ顣
ʵȷʱֻصȥʱ΢һӦӵֻ
ֻҪͻܰοԼһûзʵӵЦʱ΢ܵҪӱܡ
ܽ⡣
ƽ飬΢ֻ鸴ӡ
Ʒ굽ΪʲôᴥʱԾأ
û˯š
԰û˯ţ
΢ȻӦﲻˡ
ʱԾ˯֮ʶ״̬£ڵȰȻ˵ʱû˯š
ֵġડַԼ
Ǵʲôʱʼģ
ڽΪ˯ݿʱ
ǽƷ˱̲λʱ
˵뵽ǺȻ򲻿ֻ΢éٿ
ǸʱѾˣ
ǸξǴʲôʱʼأ
΢벻ס
ڴϣ΢ֻЩƣı۾
۾˲䣬΢һġડ
Ȼ۾΢Ĵûκ쳣
£ƷƺҲġડ֪ʲôʱξ
Σ
˵
ڻأ
ʵʱ䲢ûԾͣе磬Σ
ôˣӦô
ѲĻֻᷢʲô
ԽԽ£΢ʱͣסԼѾܿƵ
һεοûξͲС
Ʒʱƺˡડ󿴵ָתʱӣȻ뵽ˡΡȻˡ
ʵǸડԼ
΢óһеЦĽۡ
֮԰ɣôţ΢ֻϵʱӻɱģʽģ۾
ʱ·ֹ˼ӣΧеʧˣǿסûڡડǰ۾΢ŬԼƽ
֪ȥ˶ã˾Υ
ડ
΢۾ֻϵʱָתţΧһбģ塣
ɹˣ
΢ЩСվִǰ·ˮһĶ
ȥʲô΢ʲôû
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εʧˣ΢û
ԥһ£΢ٴα۾
۾ϣɴױΪɫ
ٴһʲôˡ
΢ɻ۾ŷǰ׵һ澵һ㣬ǰѿƺܿԶţˡ
ʧȥ֧ŵ΢ŰɫƬһ׹ڰԨСʧصĸоޱʵһ˲䣬΢ˡⲻʵĻþ
ԣΡ
θˡ
΢ûȻ׹׹·޵׵ĺڰԨ

ѵһеıڵϣһء
ĬעŵѾŵֱֻġʬ塱·䣬ޱ顣
ɹˣߵ˵ֵݳһֻ͵ֻ·һģӿֱ̳·ֽӹһ䣬һˡ
š·ֱģҲûжĶֱָȻתССȫľ޴ġડ
·עĵֱƵʱʱ֣Ŭתֱڿͣ˼ӣȻʧȥеһ׹ȥ
顱һϵֱкĸ
ɹˡ·һƣ˵仰ͱ۾ȥ
ǽڣҲõˤ
賺ҲһӽһɨѣϵƬкɨһһͼСװãŽڴ
ʱԽԽȶˡ·Ȼ˵
Ȼأ뵽뿪İ취ˣ賺ʵ
ûС
̾һ賺ҡͷʱӦȶһ䡮û뿪İ취ǿҪش𣬷Ҳڸһط
㵱ûʡ΢ָһЩ·賺Цſ
Һˣ
û;ĩ·ʲô·վһƬ
ϵĲĶ㲻ۡ賺һ
ҲǸѵþ𣿡·תͷ賺ңһеĿ˺ĳҲѲ˹ϵ
ҵĹϵ賺·ΪûԼڵĺۼȫΪǿǻû¹ôײ
Ҳ˷ϵġԡ·Ц
Ҵ򲻹ڿ϶Ҫˡ賺Σھͱԡгȥ鷳ĳܾܲ취ǰ⣿
ˣҪʲôҲҪˡ̧ͷ͸գ·
ǰǻȱȶʱ²һ䣬賺侲·ʵʵңǲǹû㣿
Ȼǡ·ͷʱϻûСԡɵ⣬ϵġԡѡ
賺㡣
粻ֹһ磬Ҳֹһ棬ƽл򽻴ʱУӵСԡ˻ʱĲȶϵġԡһԼΪĵ硢˵һ޴ξС
ʵʱǵʱʱصʱʱ㣬ӵСԡ˻ᱻʱɣΪʱĳʧ
ÿ϶Сԡ󲿷ϵġԡѡ
ѡԡɹξصʵˣõʱ
ʲôû֪ÿ˶ͬ
ܲɣ΢Ǹ̼ʶԼϡԡˡ
賺·ΪѾɹһ̵ˣһ߰ȶʱһҵԿס
ϧĿǰȲ롣
Ͼڱ˵ֻʱҵʱ˲΢ʹԼʱǺͨһ
ΪߣڱѹƵ״̬С
һεΣǹȥˣ´Σǰҵ⿪ξԿףǾ͸һɡ·Ȼ
Դ賺ֻĮػظһ֣
Ĭһ賺·ġԡѶٺйأҪֱҵһж˵ˣ
ȻճУ԰Ļֱͻð𣿡·ȷͻȻܵ˸ǰȥ˵Щᱻ߾
߾ҲȳΪʱ䳾öˡ賺̾˵֮Ϊʲô
Ϊ˼һ棿·һ¡
ԻǺйز𣿡賺κ֮Լϲ̸̸ɡ
ܸоǵĻ粻̫ԣӦǻֵУ԰·
ǻûԹ賺²ۣûС賺ˣǱϽ޹ߣ
ȻչȻ뿪ȻԶǰٴѣô㻹У԰ϷӸһֱѧҵ
˵ôʱңٳٶҲ÷Щˡ˼벻ֱӸ𰸲Ǹã
賺ѵ˵һѵĻ·ʼֻûκηӦ
賺
˴򲻹Ҳ
ôҪȥϢ賺ҲúϢǲȷһʱһᷢʲôʱֻʱȫ׼
ţˣлл·ͷ
賺뿪ˡ
ڴǰ·Կ賺¥̧ͷһۡ
ӻ֣·Ŀ賺Զ롣
ʱҡСظ⼸֣·̾һ鷳鰡

64

΢ֱˡ
̧ͷˮһֻҪԼ΢Цݣ߶֮ǰʹͷҼס´һſ˯
һ˵꣬΢ŬԼȥֿһЩ˵档
ѧˣ˶٣ˮ˵Ҫ㻰Լġ
İɣ΢һɡ
裬΢ڴóֻ
ʱ䲻˵϶Ծˣ͸һǻһʱԪֱ˺١
Ҫ˵һĻžԾʱ꣬ǲٴɨˡ
ֻǷ·ʵһξ΢üܸоԼƺ©ʲôҪ顣
׿ⲻܣǸ⡪Խôģ
Ϊ챻ˣ
ҰԽԭôΪʲôǻԼ
΢ϺҲûʲôŭԹҪ콵ǸͷĻ¡
ôʮļһôĵԽӦõҳɻҲŶԡ
ʱǰһ㣬ǿꡣ
ԣ꣬Ը
һԸȻͱˡ
óʼǱ䵱ǸԸ΢дڱʼǱϡ
ϣҿԻصȥ
صûֱʱ䡣
дڱʼǱϵ仰΢Ĭ
ԴԽԭô
ʶñʼ仰˺ܶ㣬΢˼ƮԶˡ
ʲôʱ򿴵Ǹء
ԴԽصʲôʱ
֮΢ƺᾭ⣬ȻһֱûһȷĴ𰸣ʵǱʶѾдĻش𣬲ÿ뵽ʱһ𰸣ڵڿ˵ǸԼȷϹĻشʱ漣ˡ
ԭԼµִô
΢±ϡ
ôµˣΪʲôٴμôִ
ڻ뵽ԸһгΪʵ
дĶкܶ࣬ʹ΢˵ǳǸͶ԰ȫõĻ룬ʱȥôãܶ൱еźѾȴΨһֱȴ
΢벻ס
ΪԡǸ漣ǣΪǿǣ뷨Ż᳹ױ
Ǹ޽⡣
΢һֱΪԼԽԴ
ʵ¼һ룬΢֮ǰϵܺܶ࣬ϲȴܸоЩʲô
ϸ룬бҵʧӰ鱾ͺ֡
΢Ҳĳͬѧۻȴõˡӡ󡱵Ļشڼַ
ڴϣ΢̾ع˺üȦֻоԴһŽ
е뷨һƫƫ޷ǴһֻǺҵƮƮȥ
ڿԿ϶һӦúйء
϶ô죿
嵽ǰȥҵΪʲôʧ÷·δֹһ
֪֪ԼΪʲôԽˣ
˲˽ʱԾ

ƻᱻ߾ɡ
΢ٴ̾һ
ȻôչȥҲûʲô⣬ѡϲĿƣʶµѡżʱǰԾһʱ䣬
ȻղŷʱԾ飬ֻһΡ
ȫ˳Ȼͨͨȥ
һԡ
ҵԼԽԭҵʱԾࡣ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪ
ҪڼʹΪЩͷȴ̲סҪ˼һ𰸡
ղǸξ̫ʵˣǷ·Զͣµ׹΢ʮ⡣
ڴֻ΢濴·ַ
ǧֺһ仰Ҳ˵
ⷭ˷¼΢Ȼ賺֡
ʹģ΢㿪֣һ䡰𡱡
賺ڡ
賺ôˣ
΢
˵Ҳ֪ôֻǺȻʶԷڲڡ
ᱻ
УǵҸһģ˳ҲתһԼעʡԾͿʼ˼Щͷ۵顣
Ϸ𣿡΢ʵ
ûдҵ賺ظ
΢
оĲȥô죿
賺û°ɣ
賺岻𣿡
ظû˷Ӧһ賺ʵ
΢ûûУǸдҵд˯ˡ˸جΣΣˡ˻Щ㱡
賺һ˵˼ҹΣ̫ࡣ
΢ţдҵˣϢϢҲҪдȡǰдڼ档
賺á
賺д졣
賺ʱһҸĻ·϶š
֪Ϊʲô⼸仰΢ԺкȻ賺ҧгݵĻ档

ղźֵĻ
һܵղǸεӰڻ̫ѡ
ٻظһá΢ֻ
Ҫ˯һɣֻоƣ
ӻɡ˯Сϴ΢
ͺ֣оƣȴ˯ţͺضʧһ㣬ȥģ΢ֱ÷
侲侲侲
Ҫظ飬΢۾Լ
̾˿΢ڴϸоԼҪ˥ˡ
ǵתעȻ˯ҲǿҸɡ
ôţ΢ֻſ·ʮ֮ǰϢ
賺˵죿
΢
аɣҲʡԼķѰһˣĬһ΢֡
š

ʱǰһЩ·ңǰ
ϵ·Ȼֻһ£ɻ賺Ϣ
賺˵У
賺졣
𣿵ҲǰɣȻҵдˣҲͦ˵ģҪһ߰㲻֪ٵɸѡȷõģǼ˷ʱ;顣
ô룬·ûôظϾղŵ賺ˣڻ˳ŶԷ˼̼Ȼֻø鷳
·ţ˭
賺
賺ҵдˣ
賺һѧҵôΪʲôҪдҵ
賺==Ωߩߡ
⡭Ķеˣôģ
·ΰοҲһ
·͵ĸˡ
·㲻𣿡
賺ʲôдҵĹʽ
賺Ҫ
賺㱻ˣ΢̫ԣ˳۲һ
賺׳ЩõϢ͸ˡ
賺ͣҿ㡣
·
ͷβĶԼ뵽賺Ҫдҵ޸ЩԼڻĵߣ·ֲˡ
賺ֻǸԼԹ΢˵裬
ˣЩ²Ϊ
뵽·֮ǰ˳賺õϵϴȻ㿪΢ִ֡
賺˵죿

65

Ϣܾöûлظ·Ҳżֻϡ
ʮֻ֮ٴ񶯣·ֻ忿αϣ˸׼ʼ΢졣

ظһš֮΢Щš
ȻҲ֪Լʲô΢Ǹоϣ·ܻظԼϢϣæûϢ
֮ʮìܡ
˼룬·ĻظѾ˹
ãʲô
ʲôأ΢Ĭһ£ʵҲ̫ҼתԼעѡ
˵ûȷĿĵͬΪŮİȻǮǸ
ܰҲλ㿪ͷʣֻҪʱʱظ־Ϳһֱĵġ
ĸ·Ҫã
Ϊʲô뵽·ģ
Ǳ賺ƫˡ
˰죬΢һ⡪
㺮ҵд𣿡
Ϣȥ΢һ
񱻰ȻӰˣ˺һʱҵдû
Ų뾡ⳡ찡
дˣҵֻҪдͺܿ졣·ظ
˶Ļظ΢ûڻظ֮һ䡰ء΢ܾ͵Աˡ
ҵкܶ࣬һͷۣ˼Щ߰鲻µͷۡ
ͳһ⣬Ĳȥˡ
΢ʱ·һѾ͹
賺˵جˣأõû
ѾúܶڴҲ˯ţоԼһ۾ͻֽǸһ΢ظ
˵һ𣿡
ô㻹ΰ΢Ц
˵ûȶԷظֽŴ֣˵ҿҪһæġ
·û£賺Ӧú˵ˣںУûҪæ
·ߣ㷽ĻԷߴ绰
·ҲУ룬Ҳż
΢Ѿ֯İһ飬·Ϣ㶣Ѿ˼õݺȻˡ
绰
Ǹѡ񣬵΢һĵһȻˡ
Ʋˡ
뵽ȥڼϰ̸ָĵĳ΢һ¡
ҪñͷȻ˵СһЩ
ԣµ£ƺҲʲôֵĻⰡô˷Żģ
뵽΢һȥ֪ĶһִֻֻظУǾʹ绰Ե£Ҷ
·á
֮󣬴϶һ봰ڴϵ΢ͨ·ĵ绰
ι绰ͨ΢һ
ԵҰֵСһ㡣·ˣԿʼˡ
š΢֯һԣԹк賺Լ·йصǲ֣ĳȻ̲꣬Ȼδһ顣
΢˵Ĳ죬ϾǸΣЩطҪһ¡
绰Ǳߵ·һֱûдߴ٣ʱʱӦʾԼ
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ǲˣоȥָˡ

66

΢ڴϿŴⷢ
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67

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68

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69

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ʣڱ˫ش̼£΢ڸоԼʮܲϢԾ
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Ǯҹϰ߸˲٣Ȼ󲿷ʱ䶼漰Ǯ彡粽á
ԴӲС˵©΢֪Ǯҹϰߺ΢ûʮһǮڹߡ
ΪϷ˸żǮڵĹᶢ
ȻǮ֪ΪʲôԼÿ͵͵ҹܱץš
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̾һ䣬΢ٽͨ绰
ι
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²˵һѣ绰ǱʱʱӦ΢֪Ƕţ˵˵Ȼһ顪
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ֻĻȻڣ治֪Ϊʲôһʱӡ
ʱϴСʱһֱ֮䲻ͣ任ٿȷ绰ûϡ
һģһĳҲ֪ڲֻԼһˣ΢ֻȴǸȶ
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ƺԭȶٴηٱ任ȶġ
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72

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