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ȥƲǴ壻
ȥʳģʳ
ȥǹˣǹʵ
ȥͭ壬ӣ
ȥǿǡ
֮ţƺ˵仯

ݱǩ 崩 ϵͳ  ˬ

ؼ֣ǣޥ  ǣ  ں

һ仰飺ڿ

⣺澳һǰ


1.     Խ˲ܳСӦ

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ϽУŮǶźްﻹ˻¯Կͻĺ䡣

ΨӴ⹬ЩͬѰ

ǰԺһŮѩɪɪͷѾһѩ˫˫ֶͨ죬ȴҲҶ

ŮϣһǰմӹŮѡСӦϵ滹ûţȱ˷ˡ

̷ŮˣȥӦĻᶳ

ڴʱһͷԵڵأ̶ʡ¡



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ޥԴֻûܵҪϥǻ۵Ҫ·ʲôѹ

ã˫ۣĿһɫİӣսյϢȻǴԽˡ

ԭһߣŬǧ꣬͵ȶɽٷɣû뵽ȻˣԽһ崩˿һϵСӦӦһǰŷġ

ȥΪǴ𣬻ϱͣһѡ㣬̫̫̫Ϊʵ󹬿̲ݻƹܺ󹬵١ѹæޣӹŮѡġ

ԭ١ѹҲǸԽŮֶκ˵ĶطG˵ѹƵģ˺üʮĻʺһӺ

١ѹѾԽŮȡԽŮ·ǳģǽʮµĹŮһһѡѡģġ

ֱϡϡ¼ϡϡ

Ҫ˵˴ӹŮһԾΪӦҲԾţӣǼϲɺص顣

֪١ѹѡǷкУ⽫ǰ嵽ܳ﹬Ϊ˵ߡ

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֪̫ޱ̫ǰϸ١ѹСһ¾Ȼ֪ˣ

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ֻϵù˭֪칫ȻƮѩŹͱһغˡ

ޥ̾ݽ氡֮пߣɵֶҲ̫

ѩйһ죬㲻Ҳȥɣ

Ƕԩ

ͬϣͬԼ

ҪǴԽܳҲаٺóԺúȹţһӲóû»˯˯ʵۡ

Ǵ˸ܳĴӦ˵˯ʵˣĿȡů̿ûУ

ɡ

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Խܵǣǳϡ뿪˵أû붼Ҫ롣

ΨһֵοǣԭϵСӦǸиĳ֮ˣȻһ˾ʮ꣬ĳ

ôһ룬Ҳ͵ˣ֮֮СԺԵõĹСҲǰǱвʶ

Ӧˣū澶챻ˣҪи̣ɽūô

˼䣬һŮУſǻޥ̧һϼϳǰߵĹŮ㡣

ΪӦֻŮ̷һǰ㣬һ˶ȥ빬ģʮ꣬СһЩ

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򵥽ǰҩޥǰ

̱ǵҩζѬޥⶫҲ̫ˣǸ˺ȵеʱǳ鵤

ȷŰɣһ;ͺȡޥűӣ˵

ǡ

Ҫˣεúܣ˵ޥƣذ˰֣ɫʮֲÿ

ʲôǵķ˲缦ˣûΪҲһȾ纮

ܲ˵Ҳκģӻͨۡ

ū澾ͽҩӦˣū̷ܣ۵ĲС

ţȥæİɣϢޥģ۾ˡ

ǡɵӦȻȥˣ˷š

һߣޥ۾ڸոգȻʶԼԾƺ˸ʲô

ĥǸĥƬ̲ŷ־Ȼү͸Ľָתϵͳ

ⶫܽһãõıɺõġ

ޥ²κԴ룬һ˽ȥ

һ˲˲ضǵ͸ĹĻЩڴ

Ƭ֮󣬺Ȼ΢Ȼ³һưƵĽ˿һͼֵƣ

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ԭļ֪Ӧһٺ»ֻʮӱ˵ˣԵĺһ㶼ܣһ굽ͷ·ϡ

ڲóˣҲʮӰɣ

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һֻ֧Σ嶧ʮӣԼһЩӺһͭ塣

ʮǽӦʱʹ͵ģʮ֮ǰ͹̷ɵõʹ͡

ޥûӣһͭӽϵͳƬ̺󣬾Ȼ³һһӣ

ͷһܶһ˰ͭǮôһת൱ڱ˰˰

ޥҸѣץһͭӽȥʾÿֻܷһƷÿֻתĻᡣ

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ڴĶϵͳƬ̺󣬾Ȼ³һöԲҩ裬һ룡

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Ǹϸ꣬־ȻǸµ룬ⶫóȥָüǮ

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ǡҲ׷ôˣܻüʮأڲðˡ

㣬ĬЩʱӦҪúòһֻӦɡ

ðޥϲԭҲ֪ûԺóԵˡ

𿴴ӦӣɴҲûȹŮö٣һЩеλĹŮ

ÿŸһ¾׾źϡʱʲ˶עô㶫ŮһԣǳԲҲĳ̶ȡ

ڼѼûеģȻԵĻҲû취˽ŷ򣬾ǻҪЩ

ޥڲںǮˣ





2.  ɱ   ޥûȥ̷

ҹϲˣ˻ʮ룬һ̿

Ӧ˵̿ļǮ΢ЩʡõĻӦܳŵůˡױƵЦš

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̿ܶǲ̫ʡ˵㣡

ܹ̿𣿻˶Ǯ

ءڹ⣬ʮˡ죬⹬еĶǱö࣬˵Ǯ顣

ޥ΢΢ףǮȷʵ˵㣬̿Ҳ

Ӧʣµӣʣʮ㽫һľϻӵݸޥͦġ

빬֮ûôأ

ޥһһƬλۡ

óһӵݹȥ󷽵˵ôɣȻֻʣµľ㻨Ǯ

ллӦŮһЦӦ⻹ǵһʹء

̿򼦣뻹ʣһһ룬ܲˡ

ڶһ磬ȥˣ̷ޥҩ

ޥҩöҩ裬ϢһоѾˣҩЧõĳ档

Ϊ˱ⱻɣֻ֧ܽȥȻʼʩҩˮϵͳռʱͳһöԲҩ裬ûԣװϵͳĴռ䡣

һԺ˸Ⱦ˷纮һͺˡ

ٽѾˣ˿ûлɣЩο

ӦҩٳԼӦþܺˡ

šޥ͵ĵͷ

ǴӦūȥ˵Ⱦ纮ȥ̷ˡ

ޥ磬λӦģÿҪȥ̷һ֮ŵġ

Ųȥ̷ţǸŮ˺ԭһغҲȾ纮ϥۣȥĻҲ

ȥɣעˣܻѶҵϡ

Ӧİɣū֪ˡ΢΢һЦޥиȡ

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ʱһŮӦߵĹŮˡ

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ū澼ϵѩ֮͹

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ҼҴӦԸūǰϣ½⡣õū澵ĵطūһͿء

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١ʮޣ̫̫󡢻̫ͻǰҲֵףˣüЦҲˣ̫̫˷ǳϲ

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ʱɾ͵˳ǬϷѾĲˣܵжʮˡ

Ц١Ͼǰ԰ڣТʻʺʱλϵĲҪ밲ˡڡӦʲôĸù١ϵãÿҪȫΰݡ

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3.  ּ   ϵͳƷ̫ӵ¶ˡ

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֪߲Ҳһʱطiȴ̺ģһĸѸС

طiװĲ⣬һ˫۾ȴϵļȣҵˣ

ŶޥԣһӦʲôÿģңǰ̫޽

طiŶĺΣýˣǼȵˣʱԣץһڡ

⼦λӦģܲ˵ԼԣҲ̫ˡ

У̫ӵG

ޥ˵ֻӣ˳ĿһƣʱȻ

̫ӸòǱֵĽƼİɣ

ɡ

ʮ־ᣬ˵ӦʶİѼȷϣûһڣҴӦҪһġ

һʱЩӲطiҲԽˡ

ǳǳһһʵӦ¼ǵôӦÿղ⣬⼦·ɣǹ¸ߺꡭ

طi˵ȥˣԼ޳ܣΪһȣȻ۸һСӦ




4.  ƻɳ   ׽棩йĳԼ֮

£⣬ûҪɣޥһ£Լˡ

Ǯ˽һֻԣСҲҪ߻𣿣

̫Ӳźۼ˿ڿˮʱˣСƨԼԼȣֲ˼˵ûأ

ޥǳ˳飬Ȼʼû̫֮ССͶôʹˡ

ǣסˣûа취

ţӹϷطiСԴĵΡ

ޥˣֻԸȶѣΪʲôҪ˵

ŵɫɷףĳ˳ޥ·ƺ̫

̫ӵ½ѵǡޥŤŤѹһת˹żȵӣСϡҼģ°æˡ

طiЦݿҪסŬסĵϲã֪ܸģξһΣʱߺˡСӣߡ

ǡСӱɫŤû뵽ᷢչ̫ӵ¹ΪӦļȡ

߹ʶ̫ӵ£ģ

СӴض㣬Ǵȥ̫ӵµͻˡ

ߣȣ

̫ӶÿȥҲ죬һ뿪ޥͿˡ

ô˵ôҵļȣҶûԣȻˣ

꣬ӦС㣬̫ӵ»ûԶ

ҾͲСƾʲôҵļȣ̫Ӱÿ춼ɽ亣ζģѼóԶԲ꣬¶ԲһΣΪʲôҪҵļȣ

Ӧ⻹õļ⡭

ҾԼȡ

ûԶطiСһһģú޲طȥһŵǼȵζ־һжֵá

ҲԼȰ

£ûļȸô죿Сʵ̲סˡ

ȻǳˣѲҪȥҺ״´ӦӦʱߺġطiһ˵ţҲںٶһˡ

طiֻص鷿İȸˡ

ֻ˶һ㣬һƮƮɵĸо

ŽζȰСӣǰԵĶ㿷㿷

Ϊ˰طiԲˣҷֵһССӻζɵЦţ˵öԡ

Ҳ̫̾ӵµûˣܳԵζĶʲô

꼦ȣطiҲˣǴСĻǬ幬û뵽սţͱһ

ôô

طiĻϲ˲ʧøɸɾǰ񣺡ꡣ

飬Է鱾̧ͷ

ʥϸʮߣֵഺº껪㲻϶ô˧ȴҲüĿӢͦ࣬ʮ

ʱ͵ǻĥĳǣһ֮±Ϸ

ʲôζ΢΢üЩϲ

طiһæ̧ţȻйӼζǼʵ̫ˣôζûȫɢȥ

ǿװ˵غ꣬˼ȣζЩˣȥ·ϴϴ

ȥɡ˰֡

طiʱСһˡ

ҡҡͷҲûɣطiϾС̰߳ԸȶǴ¡

ⲻ֪طiȴµظúûɣһ׷ʣӦǣɲá

˼ҵļȣֳ˼ҡ



Ҳ˵طiоգӴ⹬УʱҲƽ

ȵ󣬲طiŵˣסںԺʵҲŵˣֻ֪ζԺδ

Ӵ⹬԰ǰĳǬҲľ˾סÿԼСŷǺʳһʱ仹ֲ塣

ΪǾôʳñֻܳЩôĶƲֵıԹһ䡣

ΪɣÿյĴʵǺܲģⶼ⻹г¾һϡǶԼ͡ӡʲˡ𽴵ȵһѡѼÿҲʮֻʮ⣨עǻޥĽ޵Ĺ

ʳʵҲϾҲ޷빬Ϊ

ΪǼ̫㣬㵽ףɱԹ

ŮǶҽӻɾ͸ˣֻýʲôʲô˳

ߣϡɻдԱĹͨͨǺöոϵǸһջ

Ů⻰ȥɲ˰

رǹԼüʱԶˡ

ޥȻ֪ɶĺôȻ֪Ҳ£ϾڻڡСٳʲô£ɸý

ļȣȿɲǼȣϵͳݶ춼ϵͳˡ

Ʋֵһֱڶϲת񸮷ƻ

Ӧū澰һƻ԰ɡСһƻƤøɸɾм䶼ûжϹ

֮ҪгС飬ޥֹˡ

뵽һóԵķޥͻ룬ƻӽϵͳܸʲôһĶ

ץƻȥŷֱ⣬Цһ

ʱŷȻһ¹㣬Ů治ѣݺһڣʱĿ

·ھ֮ϣַ·ƶˣڵķ

˳в԰Σֱŷű´򿪣һ죬ʶŽλ

ͼޥϲ̵Ķһ̰׺ƻ˳ֵֹƻ

ýˣŨֱǡ

Ӧʲô㰡볢һ顣

ƻɳԼģһޥСǩסһι㣬ϡͿˣûع

Ҳһ顣ޥģ̿Ҳιһ顣

Щ˼ƻʵ̫ˣվҲûס

ǣһɵˡ

ޥݸղͳˣζѾúóݣֱǼƷֻӦУ

죬ڳԵһڳԽ׵ʳˣ

ߣǻݳԡ

ңһûңޥϲϲһ̣鶼

ȻƻʣһֿʼƣղŸҲ̫ˡ

ӦӦˡȻͨ

ޥһޥʱѸٷϴĽס

꣬ͼһӰ˽ǴӦϡ

ϵòܲһ˫ʮˣ͹̷ʱͱ׿ڿ޹

ԭһͬ빬ģ빬ֿ꣬˳裬ǰͽᣬͽҪ˹

ϵĹϵһ𱻷ΪӦҲʱ

㣬ˡϿ첽ߵǰĿ¶Уվ˵Ⱦ˷纮ԭЩģôˣ

лùģô컹̽ҡޥ֪ʱɫֱòҰίίⰧ̾ⲡһʱǺòˣҽ˵̫Ҫú

ǲϣֻװҪ͵ȫףһҴͲˡ

ͳ˽ѵ̫ӴӦ˵ȥ

Ҳ˵ˣ˵ôôң˵ΪӦӦÿģκΡ˵˻ͷ

ǼӼܳѾˣǰͽ¡

Ҳô࣬Сһˣޥ֣ǵϱȥ˻ɵ

ҲǸǵд󰢸ط|Ҳ빬ʮˡ

šϵ˵ͷҲ£ˣƻŽ㲡ˣóЩˮ͸ˣǧҪ

ô˼ޥеģһ͸ƻϾȻˡ

ڴװ붼ò˼

ʲôϴҲˣ㲻Ҳƻ̽𣿡ϲЦЦ

ǶǴӦλݵͣ͸໥֡

ޥ㲻ٶ˵´лٱϺˡ

ˣмձǳһҪȥ̫̫̫밲㵽ʱܲȥϻ˻ͷ

ȥˡޥҡҡͷȥˣǲȥ

һȥˣͲˣ̷ţȥǬ밲붼

ǿԳô˻̫̫̫һųһʮ밲ʱעĿ

Ҳǣ㲡أҪúϢֱοһܿģýվͲˣ̽㡣

ˣҲˣŰݷáޥЦЦ˳ȥ

Ӽ֪ڹûмѣΪӦҲЩȦǳխ

ģ˻ԡǵԭϵǰ;У˰˰磬Ϊ

ϣʱҲֻǸɣĳƺŻӺġ

ЩûϣںںóԺú˳Ŭ£

뵽Լļƻ̫̫̫ˡ

ԭع̫̫ǳϲ𾭣ԼдϲղأǸֹ±

̫ϲøСڣϲҴ壬Щʧ巨Ʒ

һ֣ɲһСӦŪֵġ

ޥ°ͣŪδؾŪϵͳ

֪з𣿡

ӦҪ𾭣Ŀ¶ɻ󣬴ӦʲôʱȤˣ

볭дһЩȳһݼ̫̫ʱ͹ȥҲҵľ⡣

ԭӦУū澿ȥ

ޥķԸǾ鷳һˣɡ

һΰ뷨뽫ӽϵͳ

ٽż𾭻ޥһ£Щܳľ飬ʲôվزԸ֮ġ

Ҳ֪й±϶Ҳ͸̫̫ˡ

ǵڶ;ҵҵֺƯͣдֵٶҲ죬գͽıȫдһ顣

ȻҲΪ⼸ࡣ

ѣӦ̫̫Ҳ̫ˣȻֳд𾭡

æòֺⲻ֪ûżȵطi켱ˣ

ԳԹȺνѧʱζţ˯ʱ˼ţ·鲻Խ´

ÿѧ·Ӵ⹬ٶȣһչȥûŵ˵ļ㣬ʵ̲סˡ

Сӣ˵ǲ̫ˣӦֻºòײŪһֻȶù¸ˡ

˼ȥҲֻΪǿСӦ̫ûǮڶֻˡ

С⼸Ҳˣæ˵ûļ쾭壬ֻǣӦûǮһֻˡ

طi΢˵ʱ̵²ˣȻǹˡոӦֻȥ˵ǹ²ġ

һоûôˣҲйĳԼ֮顣

ǡСȴֹǵԼ˰ɣ




5.  ֻ   ̫ӳԼϷ

ϣޥŮ˯£͵͵дġվϵͳ

ϣϵͳθ㣬³һЩľ顣

վǳһˣΣ͵ٵȰ¡νҹζ࣬˭Ҳ֪»ᷢЩʲôԱ죡

˸̫̫׼飬̫׼һƷ׼һƿ޹

̵һ㡣

˼䣬ϵͳȻ⻪һһžɷƵľĺȻ˳

ޥϲֽţСӹǱ飬һֵʱ˷ˡ

˵ʮƷ

Ҳ̫˰ɣⱾ˵Ѿʧǧˣû뵽ϵͳⶼܸ㵽¾ɵģ㲻ûǧǰӡƷ

ֹǺֱǾƷ±

Ҫǻ̫̫ԺҲʲôŬˡ

ޥĵؽûƳȻСľϻﱣ棬˵һ˿һ

ΰƻ֮һĿתʣµ

컹λᣬԴ塣

ҧҧϵͳϴ³Ľ˿˽ȥԴ³ûùʵǲá

һССӦôߵصĶ˲˻˼

Уθ¸һƷûн˿ûϵˡ

еڴޥһ˲˲ϵͳ壬³ʲô۶ӡ

ȻǰһͼһϾɵĻƲϵͳ˳

ǲʵ̫¾ɣɫˣΧҲ֪˶¡

ޥСĽչڴϣŵƹſһƴ壬Ļǵʱĺ̴ʦ

λ̴ʦֱΪ棬ǶɽŵĿߣڷǳ

⸱壬϶һ޶ˣ

ޥ·ˣ̫Ҳˡ

͸ɵ޹֮ϣɸأӱγɷ֮ͥơ

һգͻᵱһӣѲ

򵥵ģޥֱӽ׼õһˮ˽ȥ

ȻƬϵͳ³һɫĴˮʮֵţȴ޷ӣĵɺơ

ޥˮһβʣȫӽƿһйȫ׼ϣ

ڶϣޥȥ˻飬ȥ򼸸ÿľϻӣȻҪܵðװһ¡

ȻһϻӣǺɫģһɫģһɫġ

ޥ㽫дľǱ˵ʮƷװ˺ɫϻǿ˺̴ʦĴװɫϻƿ޹װ˺ɫϻ

Ǳ֣õʱʹˡ

סȳһʱϻȥ̫̫ɫϻȥ̫ɫϻȥ͹

ǣӦɻǿģӦԼܣҲҶʡ

ʵǿĵģӦǰ̫ˣʲô˵Ҳύѣ֪жˡ

պϻӣԺȻ

ޥϴǺñӣɫ򶨵鿴Ѿ൱Ĭˡ

ֻǣƺе㲻ͬ

ֻܿˣɫ͸żֹŹ֣Ӧ̫ӵߵĵ¹ˡ

ʲô̫ӵĸ֣ޥһƣʲô¹ȻҲûӡ󣺡ˣɡ

ūżӦӦ顣Сӹʰлһ˸ǵ̡

ޥڴϣԾԴӡ

ɣ֪򹫹ǰкҪ£ޥʵ

شӦĻ̫ӵ·ԸūŸӦֻ˵ղôߴӦļȡСӴ򿪸ǣȻһֻɱõģĴˡ

ޥ˾һ˫۾ֻüۣغýʵȺô󣬿žͺúóԣ

̫ӵ͵ģɱһˣҵ˵·

СסЦ⣬شūŻƭӦɣȷʵҼҵģ˵ǸӦĲӦͷ°ɡ

ȻˣҾΪѵˡޥϲüңʹ˸ɫҲֲ֧æǰӹֻ

̫ˣмˣ

̫ӵǸúӡޥԭ̫ˣ̫Ȼļȣ˼һһֻǺôһֻ

ūŻὫӦĿת¡ӦûбķԸūžȸˡСҲܿģӦ˼ܿмȳˡ

Уȥæɡޥ˰֡

СһߣʹӴȵֻȡ

ǽͳԼסǰѼȸţһ³

һΣһҪϵͳƷζȣ

ǣӦϲѣֻȥŷ

ʱҲˣ̫һֻҲʮֿģȥŷˡ

ʱ֣ãһֻҨһٰ룬װһѣ빻ǳˡ

ҷŷ磬ҽȥŪȡޥ²

һΣϴθо飬ڹﵹͣһЩϣһЩ

ŪЩֽ֮пȻӽϵͳ

ûӣϵͳͽ˳ϴһɫƣ֣ͬʱҲһŨļʳ

ˣСӣǸϽȥⲻ֪һǽ֮ѶǽߵطiϲüңקСӾӴ⹬ȥ˿֪˽һһ

УޥѾõļȶ˵˷ȱгһһģװһ̡

ҪǳԹһοѧˣξ˵ļ·ҪûգҲܳûһġ

ʳ¯ļ⡣ޥкȼһι

һ̣Ŷ·ɾ

ŮḧͷůĻУ볯ϼʻҶ

̫ӵµ

ƫƫвʶţ

عޥֱըոտ첽߽طiֻûһޥĿȻɪһ¡

ôô񣿡

̫ӵ¡Ͻʰ

ޥȴֱֻطiСƨΪʲôһֻˣʲô͸ĲıѾãļȳԣ

⼦ȸճ̫ӾˣͶǽ˰ɣ

Ļѽ

֪̫ӵ½ǰΪ£οɱ˵ҵļ·ˣޥڳһֶ˹װżȵӣ޲Լ

طiӦҲ̫С˰ɣһڼôˣ

ֻǹСģȻ·Ӧ¶һֻˣ㻹Դ£ʵС

ôСˣԼ˵ģϴҵļȣֻΪġޥֱ׳

Сطiɫֺֺ죬Ť˵СԺ󲻻ٸͼˡ

ޥһ漴ӷϣЦһ仨̫ӵҸõļȣ̫ӵ²糢

طiһЦôгķϣ¾ͳһںˡ

£ūŰԲˡСԸ£һ˫Ӿͼһ鼦ιǶѸٵޥûӦ

ޥ

Сӳһ⣬ֱҪ޻ƮƮɡ

طiҲȲûгëˣһ鼦ͿԣԵ춼ͣ˼

ޥ

ۿԽԽ٣ޥҲ̲סˣкһԡ

ư㣬һʱͽһ̼ԵøɸɾĲ򶯶û

طiȻ˸ãʶԼղʧ̬ˣϽͳ˲ǣװһƵᡣ

ӦĳãŷļȺóԶˣǰôԼȵġ

ԱĶƤһ㣬ÿնԵȰ

ޥƳһۣκôҲ˼飬ûϴôˡ

£⼦ҲˣǲҲسŵ

ʲôŵŶİɣ»Ϊ㱣ܵģԲߺꡣطiֱͦţԶ֮ˡ

ޥɸ֣ҧѵ֮ǰ˵Ժ󻹻ͼԵġ

طiذ˰֣ԭ˵Ĺ²ұ֤żһֻûġ

ѼأأżҲԻζޥգ۾оԼЩôߡ

̫ӵüϽ£ҿɲռ˰ֻҪұܶĸһóԣҲԳǣ

㱣֤ĸһóԣطiŰɡ

ŷҲ˵ÿ˶ôó԰ɡ

ұ֤ޥһֻ֣òóԣԺ󲻸;ˡ

طi˼Ƭ̣ͷԣǹ´ξ͸һ㣬óԣֻͼ

û⡣ޥˬĴӦ쵽طiǰ

ʲôطiһɡ

ޥץ֣Сָסģûϵһ겻䣡

طi˳ǣſָһŶ

ޥ

ȻһСƨ˵ɣֻǿСͯġаĺòã

ˣ¸ûȥˣ򺹰ҪɡطiʱЩˣҪ뿪

£ȵȡޥæס

Ӧʲô飿طiС֣°͡

ޥ£Ŀպƽ룬Ц˵£֮Сܣ˭ҲܸߡֻǰϼҿɾҪ군ˡ

Ӧģ±ֻ֤֮ܡطiҲЦϾҲԺûüȳԡ

طiǬ幬ˣΪ˱ⱻ֣Сȥ̽·ȷûڵУ͵͵ȥ

ȴ룬Ӵ⹬ͱӰš

ϣ̫ӵһһʱ̰ġŹʹԴԼŵȰš

ɫƽЦѾǵһˡϴ޾ŵһζ˵ǳ˼ȣ޻Ϊŷģû뵽ȻӴ⹬ԵġԵҲͰˣȻһСӦԣҲ³Գ

ŹҴ𻰣ն̫ӵݹأںԶĺΣա

̫ӵ»̫˰ңһСӦĶܺóԵȥ

˵̫ӻһֻϵǻƻˡŹ޺úòϣκβԾĵط乬

ǣϡ




6.  ʹޥ   ƣôĸҲϲ

ޥ֪ԼѾϱˣ϶̫Ӿ

ζļȣû¸ɱϥͨ

ȻһһεٿȻȫ澭ڵ

ڳ˸磬̤

ޥжޣ֮ǰôҲǺ绽һһоնɽϺǧ飬Ѿò֪ʲôˡ

û뵽һȻҪӷ𣬻䵽ϡ硣

пϣϧİһһ飬ÿһ飬׳һ֣ĽҲӼͽʵ

ȵҹѾԽģСˡ

Ĳ˵ͦģޥֵš

һգޥû¼˾ͳһƻɳСӹա

һƻˣûóˡźŶˣǷӦƻء

һ뵽ĪָۣĵİŪƻˡ

ƻ𣿡

Ц֣Ҳúüܽƻ

Ҳһ

ޥȻ뵽ԼĽָ֮ǰôû뵽أϵͳ˵ܲƻ

ҹ˾֮ʱޥ˷ܵؽһƻӽϵͳ㲻һƻҲһƻɣ

Ҳ֪ϵͳǲƬ̣³һִֺƻ

ƻһ֣ʱ㣬ޥһʵܲסգһҧȥ

Զʳʵⶫø˵ֻԼˡ

ԺޥϸĵĽƻռԺƻˣһϵͳ

ԴӷϵͳãԼСӹԽԽˡ



ڶգڵ³һ

һ磬ޥͽϻӷֱǲΰϺֱ͸̫̫̫

Ӧģū֪ôһЦӦҪˣȻҡ

ӦūҲ֪ô㲻ʾһϿҡ

Ǿͳɡޥȭ˲ȥġ

ʱ½Ժﰴλݸߵһһźöӣȴ̫̫ټ

ź빬ŮվһڽעĿ

Ƚȥ١ѹ١ƹܺзּΪó裬̫̫ܿЦ̫̫һĳԡ

١֮ťˣťť»ϣǻϵڶλʺТʻʺáҲܲ򵥣Ĵ֮һĶ¡һ빬ͱΪλ١ѹ֮¡

ȻȻҲ١ϵж١ҲĹﰲߡ

볤Բ١ȣť»ԳĬûôˡĽǹ淶ܵλҲʲô

ť֮ǰˡ

ǰһλɣֱǰϡϡɶϡϡϡɹԼɺϡ

ڰλɣǺ֮ɣȥ굥ġ

λɣԭ֮ף⼸ԽԽղǰûֲ̫ãѾ谮ˡ

ĵֿȣ١Ҳ׶֡

֮ǹˡӦʮＷġ

̳˰ʱ̫̫ɢˡ˲½뿪ǰٹ̫밲

ֱеȫ뿪ŮҲߵòˣǳǳһϻ

Ȼ̫̫󣬹Ů֮һλѮ˳̷̫̫ʮá

˵ֻǸ֣ںеλͬһ㣬١ϼҲ˵СŮˡ

ڴƣŲ̫

Ӧߵģɳ˵͸̫̫󡣡

ֵĻūӦߵġҼҴӦȾ纮Դûа취̫̫밲˳дһЩūϣ̫̫½⡣

˵꣬˫ַϻӣ֪ϻﻹһʧľ顣

ӵˣԲڴ̫̫󣬶ҾˡȥҴӦúȲˣ̫̫밲

΢΢һЦԱߵĹŮɳʹ˸ɫɳǰϻӽ˹ȥ

ǣ֣ū澼ˡһ˺ɫ˴ӦӦͶˡ

ߺϻӽݡ

̴̫̫㣬еϻЦһֺðˣЩ֪ЩûõĶ

ҲЦˣӣε˵ϲӦֳдľġū澼ТģˣǷĿ

Ŷֳдģùҿ̫̫Ȼ˵Ȥ

Щͻ鱦СֻǳԵģҲ١һǧľƳɵķ⣬ֳдġ

ƾһ㣬Ӧˡ

ǡýϻӷŵϣ򿪸ӺȻһġ

̫̫ҳֽһۣ̾֡

벻ӦдôƯһ֣ƽûϰֳд𾭣ĿҲϵĿţޥӡһЩ

ţνˣְܿд֮˵ԡҿϵԾͺܲһ̫̫֡еĿ佱֮УȱľǶ

Ӧ֪佱ǳˡЦλӦͶˡ

ǿֺû֮٣ȻֵӵĻġ

Ǿ֪̫̫˵һ䣬΢΢ף֪ôˡ

̫̫ĺϲ𾭣Ҳϲϵ֣Ȼһһſȥʱ򻹻С߶

ȿз𾭣Ǵʱ

ף滹һ飬ϾˡӣþģŻȥͷϻﻹж

СǱ飬ʵΪ̫¾ˣһСĶŪ

˵ʮƷ̫̫漴ǰһȻǡ˵ʮƷǡ˵ʮƷ

Ǵ˵ѾʧǧǱ飿ӣǿɲ˰Ҳϲû뵽ѹ׵ƾɾ

̫̫ʮ꣬ԷȻҲʮ־֪̫̫ͨϲֹ±

˵ʮƷǹ±еĹ±̫̫ѰôҲûӰ

ûϵ

̫̫󼤶ĶڲᷭһҳǶķ·Դϡ䱦һ㡣ҲӦģ

Ӧģϻ·ӦҲǵģôõĶ͸÷氡ûп꾭ģֲⱾˡ

̫̫ʱ˵úܣޥӡҲõ˼㣬Ȼά

⺢·ϱ߱˷֣ĺö͸÷²

˵ǡЦŸ͵

ղǹ˵ģΪء

ȿ⾭Ƿġ̫̫˵ϸĶ

ԽԽͷֱҪв԰Σ˶һ㡣

⾭һģڼⱾʧľˣҽտİֱ̫̫Ҫϲ

Ѿжˣľ±һ֮һ

ūҲӸˣҲעв̫ѽеţ̫̫̫⡣

̫̫΢΢ףЦ˵áˣӦںδ

̫̫һˣңһλ̫̫ټǾԻˮǴߣ˵Ľʡ

ȴһΪѣ̾ӦǰЩӸȾ纮Բڴ⾭;ĻùŮġ

ҽûУ⺢ӣԲڴôдأúú̫̫磬ԸҽȥƣһҪϿκˡ

ˣӿⷿȡ˲ΰ֥ʲôĸ͹ȥʮӡһԡĶԡôõĺӣϲ

ݲ̫̫࣬ȥˣλƺǸմӹŮĴӦǵʲôӡ

ū澼ˡûһЦϲλӦˣһʹôࡣ

λӦĸҪ

ϼݵԺһͨת˲䣬ͼһ޳ͦεӰ룬ǿ

ĸ밲ˡЦ񣬺ʵշʲôϲ£ûĸôģԺﶼĸЦˡ

̫̫£ߵλˡ

ʵۿΣ̫̫ЦŽһҳĵݹȥ

һۣԵ̾ȣɼд֮԰֪㳣֣Ǻ֡Ůдġ

˵ˣеӦдġӦԲڴΪҳдô𾭣ǸТĵĺӰ̫̫̲סֿһ飬ֵüЦ

Ӧϣһ£ȻֺϤƺǰò

ɲĸӦ̫̫ģ˵صһۡ

һЦˣӦǸ̫ӳԼȵǸ˵ôôϤ

֮ǰŹȥԷƺҲûʲôԾû뵽ֵĸˢڸˣûĸôġ

΢΢üϵмֶΣĸǺٿ佱˵ġ

Ӧ˰һʧķ𾭣㿴Ȿ˵ʮƷǹ±ʵۣ˵ܲѾˡ

̫̫ѹû῵˼һĿš

ҪϲĸˡβѣĸǶԺ󹬵ء

ԽŹ֣ôĹ±һССӦŪģ

ţ԰ҴʹҽƲʵ۰пҲȥɡ̫̫⻰Ȼ˼Ѿףϣʵ۲Ҫ̫Ӧ

סˡ⣬Ҳȥϵ׸ʲôôĶ




7.  ϼݵ   оԼϰΧ

磬ڴ̫̫һš˵˲Ļڡ

ŮȥӴ⹬ŮԶһ̣и˺һ۾ܿװ

̫̫еһע⵽ˣһʱ䣬Ҫȥ˭ĹС

հݼ̫̫̫̫ƺ˺üǰе·ȥĳǬ

Ȼ˴۾ǣòûڳǬͣǽӴ⹬

־ĽɽҲûﰡѵ˽˹û뵽С˼ͦġ

ûһ뵽̫̫Ҫʹ͵ĶʵֻǸСӦ

ýӴ⹬ʱޥšȻûмȣǰյļ⻹ʣһ㣬һ̺⣬̳ˣʳͦḻġ

ʱſڷŷȻҴ˽һţӦ̫̫еˡ

ãޥ׹Ǻ󹬵һãλȺܶҪߡ

Ҳ¡

˾£ɵİɡ

ǰǳˣӦɻȥɣū澽ղŸ˵Բڴء

켱ˣһÿӦڳ⣬һļûУʶƭ

ٸ̫̫һ㱨Ӧк

ɣȻģ

ޥҲеţرǿѼ̺⣬ֱ֤ⶼˡ

𼱱𼱡˰̫ѨȻһϽȥһ£ֻҪһ¾ͿԣҰ

ǡټҲû취ˣקϽ˳ȥ

ճţͿѾſڣ̹񣬰ѷŵýʵʵ

ùá

ŵĶڲҲ֪ӦǱŪûС

ضҷ̫̫֮̽ӡվſʲôأúɫʵȻᵽﴫһʳζ

ҲûʲôŵʱûŲء

عùãҼҴӦţӦ֮ǰպҩҽ˵ҪҩŽϣտ򶨣Ѹٱһ׺˵ǡ

ùþ㿴⣬Ҳ˽͡

Ӧˡ΢΢ףЦҲſˣҽȥɣ̫̫ҴӦٺö

־ϲ̫̫ʹʹӦˣ

ūǵĴù롣

ѸÿһԷô˵ˣҪٲÿˡ

ЦЦһȥͿһˣŵϡ

òźۼĴޥԷɫ԰ף궼Ѫɫ˫ȷʵһòģ

ֻˣˣһ̺⣬ֻ⻹һ̣ƺû

ޥһʼǴ㽫Ҳģһᵽеζ֪ף˻ɡ

˵Ӧÿյķ⣬ǲԵ֡οҪԵĺһ㡣

ֻǲӦóڴӦϵġ

ûɴϣһûҪ

ԷҪɴϣǷγдģ

ֻڳһģȻûв

ū澼ӦӦ顣ֻһ۱ջĿ⣬ޥʰ

ȿȿȡޥ˼԰׵յʱһĨ죬ù𣬲ضˡûа취ӭ

Ӧ˵ﻰӦ纮δȻúúϢū澴ˡÿ˵ţδ·ϡ

ޥ΢΢ùһҩζѬùˡ

һ˵ûŵһҩζֻ֮ǰ˵סˡ

лӦ䣬ū澾ͲˡӦ̫̫̫̫ʮϲʹԸū͹

˵꣬Ůǰһƿ˺

ʱ䣬̽鱦ʱӳʣһ̾Ȼ˲κ֥ޥ˫΢΢һǺö

ø̫̫Ӧ˲һ֧֥һ֧ʮһԡĶԡ

л̫̫ʹ͡ޥסĵϲãĶҪ

̫̫Ҳ̫˰ɣȻôöֻһ𾭚G

ǵ͹̫̫Է𾭵ϲ̶ȡ

ǵԭ֮ǰΪӦʵ۸ʹͶûôࡣ

ֺ̫̫ⲽ߶ˡ

ЩӺ鱦Ժϵͳһӣ໨һЩҲôˡҰ˲κ֥ɲǮõģ

Цֹʹأ̫̫֪ӦȾ纮ūλҽΣӦտҲõˡ

ޥһ㶣λҽ̫̫ǲ̫һ㣬Ҫҽ

Ǿɫ΢䣬֪ӵĲͺˣҪҽһҪ

ӦôˣüɫԣʱģĪʵװ

ңҾ̫жˡû뵽̫̫ôңһʱЩʧ̬ޥعѸټᣬװĻϲί

ԭӦҲ̫⣬̫̫ĺǡðοһ䣬뵽Щλݵ͵ĴӦ˲ȷʵûʸҽһҲ

˵䣬˽λҽѾˡ

ǾɡڷԸޥȥš

㶼켱ˣװװ񣬿ɱϾװġֻҪһ¶ô죿

ġޥͶȥĵ񣬿ܲģ亹Ҫˡ

ҽʼޥһʱ䣬˶ޥǵ¶ڶ֪鵽жء

Ψޥһ顣

˺һλҽվһۣ˽

λҽӦΣǰѯʡ

һλҽЦ˵ùò̫ģӦȻȾ˷纮⼸ճԹҩѾɫٿҩ߳Աߵ¾Ȭ

Ǿͺáˣ̫̫󻹵ټӦء

֮ǰģ²ϻ᲻װʱҲȫˡλҽģܰ

ллλҽޥ۸м

ǰ죬»û취װô񣬵αװһЩСǺ׵ġ

ҲڷŴӦȻɻȥˣҲ̫ޱ˰ɡȻ֪Ӧôģû¶ڶͺá

ҽõ˶뿪˲ųһ

ղūˣӦôģ治ѣ󲻻ƭˣӦαװ

ܡޥüһЦһָҡҡôԸ߱ˣ

Ҳٴ

ޥĿɨ̽鱦ʱϲһΰͦ£ֵء

̫̫̫ˣȻôʹ͡˵̫һ᲻ҲʹͰ

̿Ӧǲԣ̫̫ôԺ㲻õĳԲůˡ



˵ٹУ̫ǴʹޥһЩ鱦ģֻˡ

̫̫Ǳţתͷȥٹ̫밲

λ̫ǲüϣ˳εĵڶλʺ󣬲ǿ׶ɺأʲôö̫̫һݣһл̫һݡ

θߵԺʱʱЦÿʮ⡣

ݣſ̫ǶһƵƲ˲ѣʱˡ

Ӹʶ밲ʶյʲôȻ˿ģ

̫ʮӱúãʵʿȥҲʮνׯò

ŲĽĿƲƿЦ棺ʵˣƣʶջһö

һɣߵý˲ſƲһ壬ȥмˣҲ֪Ǻδġ

һλõɮԱ߱ע䣺̴ʦ

΢΢һʶⱦĪƳģ

ʵ۹⣬ƳĴ壬ǹͥ壬ǵʱǳĸɮ̴ʦû뵽ʶ֮껹ܼ˺Ĵ壬Ǹ˵úܡ

ֵ̫ĺϲ£죬ռƷʮ꣬ƷȻ󣬵ҲŽǰˡҪǣǺ̴ʦҲ𣬶ЩõɮȻкøС

ǶҪϲʶˡ֪ⱦǺδѰģ̫ˣҲ

̫ЦɲǻʶѰģǺеӦģʵ۰û뵽лĵˣǸúӰʶĥŸʹʲôء

һ⣬ӦĪǸϣ

ЦˣôߵϣǱϰΧ

Ӧİ

һССӦôöãԼбҪȥһˡ

ϵˢڸУ̫ӵ̫̫ٵ̫󣬲ע

ܺãԸ

ʶʹ͵ʲôɣôȥ˳㽫ʹʹȥ

á̫һЦĥô˵˵ûûʵ۱̫ء

ʵԸʹͣǾٺòˡ

ǻ̫һ鱦װ̣Ůȥ͡

еᣬʶﶼʹ͹ֵĸӴ⹬ȥˡ



ޥ֪Լ͵Ķ̫ãͱô¨ӡ

ùź̿˸ƻϥ

ÿһƵٶţٶȥһʱſԽڡ

ϡ磬Ѿˡ˵ڣڵҲ߰ʮĶͽֿӡ

ʱԸţһΣҪͷȻ

Ӧˣˣ

ޥһд˶һ¡

ʲôôˣƫƧôôˣ

ţһͨϼݵ

ޥҲûʱ˼ˣæ£һתϺεʱʧһƬ԰ס

ЩžͱˣţһߴӰ˽ǵү

ޥſеģ˺ţֻͦӢģֳӢһʱ侹Ȼ밲

Ҳޥǰˣƺڵɹ̷

ģ㲻ɫҲˣɫ԰׵һҼ֮С

ӡ̵Ļ˫۾峺ףֳ棬ɽȪ㣬Ϣġ

΢΢һǱ˫۾Щڡ

ϣ




8.     ҲӦƻ

ޥԷ˸ۣһϻҪϣ

ϲ̫ӡ

ϼϡޥĲ˴

ôһڣɫƺӲ԰ˡ

㻹ţͲضˣŰɡӡ

ԭŻ̽뿴ƻ̫ӡ̫̫̫Ů˵ʲôͬѰ֮黫թģȴû뵽һӣ޺ġ

лϡޥͿһ¡

λˣһĳ裬ûʲôͬѰ֮

ôҲʹֶ֮ˣѵ´ˣ

ޥޥգգ۾Ҳſ˵ʲôˡ

˻ජãһ֣Ӧ񣬾һҲ£˫۾ţԼƺ˴ˡ

˺һȰ¡

Ůʹ˸ɫŮǰһһſ

ǻ̫ʹ͸ģ̫ϲ͵

Ůе̣ޥ۾һ̫ȻҲǳ˰

л̫ʹ̫ͣϲ檵ǳ檵ҡޥŬסĵϲãæк㣺콫£û̫λùˡ

ǣӦ첽ǰֱӹһ̣תݡ

ǳ˳飬ϻֵܱøһ𣿿öˡ

ҽǱȷϹȷʵҪװˡ

ޥϵ˵ҲллϣԽʹܳ

ֺֺֻЦл˳ġ

ȱл̫硣㣬һССӦǴŪǸƴģ͸ĸķ𾭣ǿʧǧĹ±ɱƭ˵ġ

ޥһƣϣҪ𣿳檲͵ֻҪ̫̫̫ܺ˲ͺˣ

תһҲͦеģЩǴģ͸̫̫̫󣬶ҺǺܿġ

ɾǾòˬ˵һƿصĸо

޷Ҫ֪أ

ǳ檾͸߻ϰɡޥΣ·ǸµСӣÿһС

𾭻ǳ檼ģʱ滹һţƤֽʱ檻СΪֻһûõ飬ûעֱ檱ΪӦ̫̫ϲ𾭣˽Ȿ빬С

Ǹ壬ϴġ׾ֻţû뵽Ȼļֵ

ðŰɣܾں˵˵ɿɫ̹ϣû˿ֲ̬֮Ҷ϶˵ѡ

檶˵ûҪ׷˰ɣ㿴˵ֲšޥ̯֣һźģ

е£ûˣʵʲ

޻㰢ʵģ֪˻ѡ

ͽ𾭺ʹջ𣿡ޥίͰʵǳǲҲðʹ˻ȥ



ֱҪץ񣬳һ䣺졣

ҪϸˣôŮˣ

ޥһæסͣϺˣȻȫ֪ĵ

ûصޥޥ˫ӡ

ͦµģһ乬Ͳˣ˵ʱǵˡ

ѹֵĿ£ѾˣϺòһΣӦȻǵûôһϳͷӦô죿

ŹǱһЦֲЦǰô֪λӦôȤ

ܰѻڵϵģǵһˣĸСźţ»ﲻ

ֻóʵû˦뿪ˡֻߣˡ

ŻҲûɡ

ϣǸˣػϿˡ

֮ޥо˯Ҫˣ̧СƳ˿һۣԷޱҲ֪Щʲô

ϣ㻹𣿶Բ𣬶ǳ檵ĴԺҲˡ

Ȼ֪ϴ϶ûˡ

ҡͷԷСģһ˫۾ʪģСʱֻСֿɰ

ͻȻøԼǸɵӣԼҪ׷Ҫŵġ

û´˵˵һ˻ȥ˰֣ûʲô޻£ˡ

˵ˣԺ󽲻ע㣬־ͦõġ

˳ӵ̫ˣϳ˲һǸҲͦȤģ

ͻϣߡޥ͡

ˣôһӻϲô뿪

֮ǰΪϵˢڸΪע⣬һѸٴ뷨

ϴֺֻ̫̫̫ԼĲôѡע⣬ֱӸͺˡ

̤ʱһɵ̤Ӵ⹬ʱѾ߸üۼ䶼Ц⡣

ϻͦ˼ģѹܹƻôˡ

Ҳƻˡ

ŹЦЦͷһӴ⹬λӦҪΪ³ˡ



С

һ漴̱ϣʵŵòᡣ

Ӧղ̫ˣôǻظ֮ǰΪԼҪ군ˡ

ûйޥ

˵Ĳ̫׵ϺӣӦͲ±𣿡

£û𣿡ޥ̯֣ûԼ˵ˣǻϷҪʣûа취Ź˸𰸣ܲ˵ϵͳġ

㶼ˣЦ˵Ҳ̫ˣҿȷʵûô˵˼סӦء

ޥһڲסʲôǧס

ˣӦ̫̫̫ʹͣӦǲҪлѵ

Զԣȥ̫̫ͻ̫лޥ£λô鱦óô˻ϵ

̫̫̫ԼչˣͲܹвˡ

ޥĥʱԺȴɫ

ʹʱ;ȵУǸֻǸӦʲôʸ̫̫˿أ

ȻȵǣϾȻҲˣҲʹͣͣСʱȴԺ̤ṳ̂롣

һ˲䣬˵ʧǲܵģܻܽȥɡΪʲôƫƫϣֻǸϲ޴С˶ѣ

һɽŸУܾãǸв

˵ֻŸУô١ѹǲĲˡ

½ȥӦеһʱ֪ˣ˵ϸ̫̫̫ʲôϡıֵ˶˵Ļġ

ڣ϶˺ģȥ̽

١ѹüͷʮֲԾϸӦ˵ע

µ뷨ϻ᲻ҲǴԽģ




9.  ϳԴ   ĪҲǴԽġ

ͷһ𣬾ԭ֮һ㣬Ҳ޷Ϩˡ

١޷ϸһҲǴԽģƻᵴȻ޴棬Էԡ

˵Լǹƹ󹬣İ統ӣ˭֪Ǹϻʲô

侲١̫ѨҰοҲδؾǴԽģ͸¶ţҲֻǸɺϡ

ôһ룬侲

ٶ۲۲졭ֱ̽˵Ѿû򱾹㱨Ϣˡ

뵽١΢΢һЦ⡣



ޥ֪˹ע⣬϶ǻͰܲҭʳ

ڶһ磬ϴãȥ˴

Ȼûд̫£ɫ԰ף·һ㣬һͲġ

Ӧū澷ɡǿסЦ⣬ӦװԽӦˡ

״ӦΪʲôҪһֱװ˵ΪԸ̷ţɱͷƲ޲ʧ

ȻҲȥʣŴӦóԺúȾˣ졣

˴ŮȽȥʱþͳˣޥЩ졣

ӦӦţô͹ˣ

ùòؿ̫̫ʹͣùлġޥһЦ˼˵´̫̫󡣡

̫̫ùţڿӦ͵Ǳأū澴ȥɡҲЦޥӡԽˡ

лùáޥಽ˴

ǵһסĵĺ棬źۼĴ

Ӵ⹬£͸ŵ͵Ļһĸо

ܰŮ̫ǶĬĬ£˭ҲҸ´ŵ̫̫󡣿͸ŵ̴ζһڣ·Ķྻˡ

̫̫ڵп飬Ůһһˡ

ӣӦˡ

ϼ̫̫̫̫򸣽𰲡ޥһ΢΢ʹ˫

ޥˣ̫̫ʱϲ¶Цݣ̧ۿ˹

ޥɫ԰ףͬ˵˵⺢ӻţôܹˣ

̫̫ˡ檾̫ˡʹ˳ôǲлҲ̫ûˡޥй壬֮ǰˣʮ־ȣ˻һֱǵ̫̫ء

ޥ֪ǵ뷨֮Աǣֲɵӡ˵˻˵ı»е

Ȼ̫̫󱻶ˣúúãġҲվˣ˵ɡ

л̫̫󡣡ޥҿһۣĩһλˣ̫̫Զ

ôԶʲô̫̫˵ţָָԼԱߵλá

ޥܾˡ檲ܴ檷纮δý´Ⱦ

⺢ӡ̫̫ҡͷʧЦûǹһ㡣ޥһ̵ģ㿴ݵģһܵˡ

ǡݸһЦ

л̫̫󡣡ޥ֪ԷֻڴȤ˾ٻܿġ

˵ǰݼʱ̫̫ʹһء

ܿ죬þͷһ̵ģǸõģ

ޥֱƲ۾ԴӴԽûĵζأ

԰ɡ̫̫ˣСӦǵʲôдϡ

ǳ檾ͳһ顣ޥȷʵе̲סԾͲˣһľССڳ

ĵζȷʵҪ˵أһ黹ٳһ飬һŰݡ

Ҫʱԣ뽫ӽϵͳܱʲôζĶ

̫̫Ц̫ˣȵˮɣҭš

ޥһЦǺһˮ˼ٳˡ

ˣҸղžʣⱾǺδѰģʧǧĹ±̫̫ͣ𾭵¡

ޥҪڣԺȻһϼݵ

ܿ죬ͼ˽üĿЦһݾ̫̫ʰΪ

ĸ

ɡ̫̫˰֣Ѿϰ߿ÿ밲ˡ

檼ϣϼ顣ޥЩޱʰ

Ҫӡ̫ãĪǸź

ſޥü΢ʵƽӦôҲ

ػϣ̫̫ʹ˳ǹлġޥش

ȻȻ붺ʶҲʹˣôȥ

ޥɫ檴л̫̫ȥ̫

˵˲ģȻ䣡

Ŷ޻Ըȥʹͣôлޣ

ޥһ˼ؿûʹͳ檡



̫̫̿ˣͲҪƶˣ˵ɡ

㰤̫̫ˣޥԶԶģÿһɻ

ĸǸղʲôأ

ޥ𾭵ء

ޥ㽫նԻ˵Ļһ飬̫̫棬ȴҡͷ

ǻԵɺˣϸðҵõⱾ𾭣ޥˡ̫̫Ǳ飬ǰ֡

ޥ΢Ц̫̫ϲǳ檵ҡ

ĿضޥղôôˣѵǶ

еԴףһӣ̫̫עڷϣޥʹ˸ɫиˡ

뿪ʱ̫̫ðѵװϣޥţޥǸм

ޥҪȥٹҲҪȥ밲ͬ·ˡ

ޥĬǰߣ׽뷨ûУ̲סʵڻĸǰǹɡ

лϿɡޥܿģû뵽ϾȻ



Ĳȥ

˾һǰһţʱʱƳޥıӰһۣ˵ʲô°Լ

СӦĸо̫ˡ

ΪٹһһڶҪԽС󹬲ܵ˶һ·ȥ֪˿ˡ

ڣޥûٹ֮ͬ¾ʹ˶

һʱ䣬֮Ľ֮֮

ܳɣҲûŻתƹء

ƾʲô

ɻǣֻǸСӦôͻȻͱ˿ˣ

ǬУյõϢĹԼбҪӿжٶˣߵܲԾһǳʲô⡣

ǵ磬ޥСгǬĹŮˡ

ǹỤ̊ǹߵĺܳĴŮƽˡʲôĶ˵ޥĴӦˡ

ū澼Ӧʰȴûа㶯Ǹŭԡ

񡣡ޥԹϣֱŶԷ֪ʲô

̶ˣϿǿĲУһ˿η壬ôˡ֣

˶˺һޥ̲סʵѰкҪ£

̻عһ˵ҼķԸôöȥ㱨ҼѡϽȥɣɱȼˣ֪ģ




10.  թޥ   ˣӦûˡ

˵ˣҲޥķӦν˼¡

ޥıӰ΢΢üһ˼

ӦǸ̫ûˣȻ񡣡ﲻסߡ

ǰƷǹƹ󹬣һҲޥǲ⣬˾ǺٻԼ˵Ρ

ʰ̫ˣֻûбҪ

ʱټֻ߲ư˵ʲô㱨ʵϿ⡣

󹬣ֻ֪ʵһһȻԼĿ

ǶԷѾ֪Լ̫̫̫񣬲ұʹһ£ֳƫһЩɡ

벻ǣֻȥһ˲֪

߰ɣȥǬ

Ӧʱټ㣬ֻ¡üۼǣټӦɫء

ģֲˣˡޥգգۣ졣

˵𣿲Ӧô˵ˣҲ˵ʲô

Ӵ⹬Ǭţޥ˳˹ţǰһӾ͵ˡߵúϾӦš

˳ǬйŮڴ˵Ⱥ򣬼ޥֱӽ˽ȥ

ǬΨһһֻһסĵطȻΪϲ˴ţϣԼܱ֡

Խ֮ǰԭÿն밲ޥԼǵһ

̤ͿϣһֶŲյƷ衣

򸣽𰲡ޥ΢΢ʹ˫ȴ΢

šһڣŷ²յ̧ۿޥɫƽĿȴ֮̽ɫðˣ

էȻ֣ޥ΢΢һлģǰȷʵȾ˷纮

ȷǲ֮̽ȷʵиð˵ֻû˷硢纮ȳ

֪˵ˣղſ»װҪ¶ڶ

šɫ糣ʵЩҲû밲ӿɺЩˣ

ޥлģԹҽҩѾһЩֻɷ⼸ղû밲ˡ

Ŷػодֺ̫̫Ӧ̫̫¿ɼỵ̂ݺЦЦЩ䡣

ޥ΢΢üñлҪô֪ˡ

Դ׼

̫̫˵дڵ壬Ҳġ

ҭһ£û˵ǣô֪ô˵ǱС㡣

ޥ˵ˣҲģ˵ԽԽױץסѱ

ȴˣüʵɿʲô쳣

ûʲô쳣ޥδĺܿ졣

ȻһתЦʣϣ֪ΪҪȥɣ

ͽ̡ޥһʵģ

Ȼˣǹ̽ǻҲǴԽİɣ

Ȼ֪ΪɣΪɺܿΪ֮һʮܳһ

ˣ֪ˡһֱޥκʵûпʲôֻתƻ⣺ֻҪ֪ľˣϴɷѩѾǸˡ

лﰮġ

ǣ㻹֪İ㣬˶Դģϣûİģ

ޥշµγԣ֪ʲôָ̡

ٿȻһ䣺װ֪㣬͸̫̫ķ͸̫Ĵ嶼ģĺöΪβø

嶼ϴġҲ֪Ҳϲ

һ֪ϣΪ֪С˼ֺ̫̫̫󣬴Ӷܵϵעǲǣ

ˡ

᣿ǾóӲˣҿɽѱ

ƵķʣʵһѹһĺУӶ¶

ֻϧ˶

ޥɲ˵ˡ

Ҹ죿£ù£ЩͷˣǰûôѲ

ޥЦ֮ǰװºͿףĿվǱ¶ˡ

ȻҲġ

ǻҲֿʼ̣ŮǸоΣ˰ɣ۱⻹С

¹Ҳ֪١ܲܵ

ƽֻԼСԺԳԺȺˣɲûƢۡ

ǣޥװĴί˫ϥ

ۿҪڵأȻһ˾ˤڵأ˹ȥһ졣

Ӧô˴ӦŵòᣬʱҲ˲ʲôˣæǰ鿴ޥ

ҲһɫŤˣϣҸװΣ

Ȼޥûκζ

뽫ȴǧأ

ϣըˣû뵽ա

εеǴȥҲָָ㣬˵̺

ٴϻ̫̫϶ᱻ

ĸϵԸе

͸ʹ˸ɫڳȥ߿㣬ߵһ򣬸ŭԡ

ȥקޥȴק۵ͷ󺹣ˡ

ޥһͻȻǶ̽̽žŵɫˡ

ˣӦûˣ

ʲôʱ;ˣ

ڵϵޥֻһ顱̱ϣ͡



Ǭ幬С

յۣȥߣŹȻɫС˽

ϣˣǬ˵Ӧûˡ

ʲô͵վɫһ䣬ʱ־ŭ

˵Ӧ﻽ȥ˳Ǭûþ˴Ҵææȥҽһ֮²֪ӦȻ赹ƺƺûˡ

Źֱڶ£Ӧúõء

Ҳ֪ӦȽϹעŸʱš

ȻѾδɫˡ

ˮ͵һۣ첽˳ȥ




11.     Ӵ⹬

ǬѾһš

һ˲˲ϵޥûӾ߳ɫס

ҽΧޥȣԱŮȫﾲĿ¡

ĬĬᣬ˹ҪǹڴӦӦҲ

ϼݵȻԺһͨ˶һ

ǻ飬ôô͹ˣʶڻĿеĵλܱлҪߡ

ܿ죬ͼһϤӰ̤뷿ţ˸Ͻʰ

ϣϼ顣

ƽˮҲ͸һӱ䣬ݾʵӦôˣ

ģĴμ꺮ůһξȻûһۣһ˫۾ϡ

ŮˣȻǸ

ػϣӦϢѾʮ΢ֻǡһҽ׻شɫʮѿ

ûôֵﲻڡ

ԣϢӱˣŭǾȲӦǶͷ

ǣǡҽǽп಻ֻüΪޥΡ

ΨһֵοǣӦ΢ĺȶһʱƺҲϲˡ

ſվǺͻһЩô£ӦΪνе

ίѣϾȻΪһСӦ˵ǹһӦʻôˣ

ػϣ檾ǿȥ̫̫̫밲ΪѾȬˣŽй˵强˭뵽

ĨĨᣬίͰ˵˭뵽˵˼仰þͻȻεˣʲôû

㵹Ǻܹȥ˺δȻˣΪλ᲻֪ţЦˣ빬⼸꣬û˵һػ

֪˽һЩ̫õ飬Ҳױõķԭ

һȷʵЩˣϱزûֳ

ʲô֪ϻţлй֪飿ǲ̫̫̫ϣŹ⽫˽ѵ

ϣĲ֪е㼱ˣϾȻ

㲻֪㲻һʣϽãиһǺһϣԽˡ

еԼ˽ģĽʣˣСԲմ

ϡŴ۾ȻҲ뵽һ㡣

һغҲͷˡ

һ̣ޱϣѹĺ֮·ŸոտʼԲһϻǰ̣

ڴʱҽһɫˣǿˣ

ʱ䣬˶һǲ޳Ͽǧڲ

ˣǰеʵ

ػϣ΢ղŸӦʩ룬˼ȣѾǿһЩתҽޱܣѾɻҽˣû뵽Ч

ãΣ¶ϲɫϣ

ŴϺѪɫһޥ鸴ӵ˼㣬ȻڵСӦ

յΣǰʻȻ㽫

ڣϣһֱʻżǵҲûйϵ

ҽΣޥԽԽãֻһֱûѡ

ٽŹѿûȥϢˣʶѾһʱ

ȽӦͻȥĽڳǬȻޥᱧ˿˼˵۹⡣

Ź΢΢ȣĶ˰Ȼ¿ܻȲɡɵˣӦڻп϶ռһλá

ȣӾȣý߬ס޲һһ˺ˡ

ΨԻϲѣӦø󹬣мûԱŻȥ

ⲻ֪ŵޥƹ

ûʲôȻװģһתֻ΢ˡȻΪ˴ϣŵðϳˣҲ

ҽΪΣһǿװתļ󣬱Ͼˡ

ǧ㣬ѹû㵽ϻһУǲеû¸ɰ

ޥúܣǰζԻ϶ôʵǹΪ֮ϣ϶øУӶעϣڵСӦ̫̫ͻ̫ž͹ˡ

ȴû뵽ƺʵ䷴Ūɳ׾ˡ

ޥգٵ͵ҲⰡ

⻰Ҳû˵ȥú֪϶ϵעⶼûɹء

˵һ·ޥӴ⹬֪ٹŮ̫࿴ˣȻȻϢҲʹ˳ȥ

еʱ۷׷ףԼһ£ҪΪϵ³ˡ

ȻҲһʱ֪£֮һ˿ǣû뵽ôṴˣȻô͵õ˻ϵĴ

һܳ裬ΣˣϴϱѩڶţϿ϶һӡ

΢΢üԸߵĴŮ÷ȥϣκ߱

˵֮ǰֻǸоΣôһξˡ

ǡ÷Ӧ첽˳ȥ



ޥһװһһҹֱڶʵڶĲвתѡ

ϲüңҽǸǼޣǵԴ㱣סˡ

ҹ̽ۿޥ˲ʯͷأҷԸ֮ǰ˭ټҲ

ޥǿĲѣ˼£ͿչԼСˡ

Ҳ˾ӣѾˣļƻһġ

ƿԭ͸ɵ޹˻ȥԼ֬ӽϵͳȻϵͳܿ³һµ֬

֬ɫϢŶأȹõĻҪáҪǣ໳ɡ

ڶ磬ޥװȹҩ˽

֬͹ȥɣ˵Һܸлϴΰ˵

ǣӦū֪ô֬Ц뿪ˡ

ߣһϲɫؽ㱨Ӧ̫ӵº͵¹ˣ

ޥʱǰһ̫ϴͼѾȥüգ˰ɣڿԳζˣ

ܿ죬ͼһϤССӰ˽طi

طiü͸֮ɫޥȴһС˵ûˣû£򱾹Ժûüȳˡ

ޥСƨ治˵

һŵΨһĿľǸ̫ӵȰ

ܸȳңԣءطiСһ

úúãҵҡ̫ӵ£ʲôöˣޥҲøһСӼƽϣСƨǹҪһںģ

طi̧̧°ͣСǰʳУ澹Ȼһ㡣أɱϣʵúܡ

Զ֮ˣͿɣѧԣɲҪñʧˡ

ޥ۾ˣĻںطiʲôڴӦ

طiε²˾䡰ûϢС뿪ˡ

ŷȥһҪ³ޥϲѣԣҪʲôϢ

һΣ֪ϵͳֻʲôľϲ

ޥ̫ģȫûע⵽˼ˣ̫һߣ÷Ϳ첽ܻغԺ˵¡

̫ӵ¾Ȼһ㣿ȷûɵʱ;ˣʲôʱָ̫ӵ¸㵽һˣ

÷˷ܵ˵ū澾û̫ӵ£ҿѾǵһˣū澻Լ̫ӵ˵ѧҪ㡣ǵĻᰡ

һܣøϣȻ˽д̫ӵ£ǹдɣβţ




12.     Ĵ类̿˺

ޥоٲʮʲô㡢ղ㡢㡢㡢ˮ㡢Ǵ㡢㡭

һ룬Ҫˮ

ļԭһûгԹˣΪȥ껳Уȵ£͹ǵŮģȻҲûóԡ

Ӧô㶼𣿡㿴дĲ̲ס˿ڿˮҲþúþûԹ˰

ɡޥһĺ˵˵Ҳ֪ϵͳʲô

е£ûʲô˼

ЩҪҪĽ̫ӵºСӣһٿ¶Բ꣡

ʱˣһӼ

Ӧǵ͵ģǸˡžױ֪ǶûŹζˡ

ޥһϲҲ֬ôյˣ

ȥʲôʱܰ黹ꣿ

ӦģūѾ֬͸ˣﻹһ£رϲ޴Ӧء̫ϲˣһӼôӦúñ壬˾ȥ͹ߡ

һǰ˵һ飬ʱҲܾˣɵҪܷܲ⡣

аɣ˾ˣ´͵ġޥҲͦõģԼǿϵ
ҪǣĺԼ

һӼöֳԷ嵰ѳˣҪˮˡ

ٽ磬ȥһȷ˶ãޥȥ㡣

ѾϰˣͷޥԼȥģŷ硣

ޥ˼ΣҲԽԽоˣҪõĶȫڳĶ֭ˮŪһЩڹ

һأֱӽӽϵͳҪϵͳȽףгһһģᱻֿ㡣

ĬĬעʱ䣬ңæ̽ס

һ̣ϵͳ΢˸Ʒ˳װһ̣

Ǻ飡

ͬʱһŨҵζޥҪû޲̳һڡ

˺ðΣޥŻع֭ˮ˹װԼճġ

ȷû©Ŵ򿪷ţһ̺߳

Ӧʲô㣬㰡ܲˣζֱӹǵĲ棬û뵽ӦҲô㣬һζûС

飡ޥֵżر࣬ǳԵš

ӦáʵţϾڱ˸ūųԵģ

ˣ̫ӵûУʱӦѾѧ˰ɡޥǵСƨ˵ѧҪõȵ̫ӹ֮һԡ

ūȥæ˳ȥæˡʢ



طiȷʵѾѧˣֻ˸ˡ

ѧʹСӴҴææӴ⹬ϣû뵽˸մ԰ˣط

ɵĶӣ꣬Сûѧ

ɴޥ̫ӣԼӿùŮȥ԰ˣ

ȴû뵽Сǰˡ

Ҫ̫һ棬̫ӺżֱֲӾܾǴԼҪһ׵ܵˡ

ڴʱ̫ŵһ˵ζ֪һӦ㣬о͸ӽˡ

ǺãȥǬ幬棬ֻһȥ̫˵˵Ȼ˵ĴӦˡ

ǵ¡չĹŮֹȥô

̫ӱС֣һϳɳصģûʲôǵģȥ㱨˵ˣűͰͻ

ǣ̫ӵ¡ҧҧ´վΥ̫ӵһͷĻӴ⹬ˡ

ȷԶ̫ӲǣӴ⹬ȥ͵͵Ƶġ

ʵ̫Ӹ磬ȥǬ幬𣿡

ŵûУ̫ӽҪ̿ˮˣûŹô㣡

ŵˡʵʵͷ

Ըȥ㣬ȳȥǬ幬òã

áԹԻش𣬷̫ӸһС

̫Цˣе㵣ģ֮ǰ˵Ӧ֮ܣȥǲǲ̫ã

˵ͻСӦò˵һ

뵽̫֣ضҪӦ磬Բ˵ȥʣ˵ֱȥǬ幬òãԺû취ˡ

ͼˣϽ֤̫Ӹģҿ϶˵ȥԺһòã

š̫·ˣǣ첽ȥӴ⹬

̤빬ž㣬ԭһϲ磬ʱϲˡ

̫ӵ£⡭

ģѾ˵ˣ˵ȥġҴӦأǲˣŵζˡ̫ЩȲ˵ֻöӸˡ

ҼҴӦѾ㣬͵ȵˣ롣Σֻܴһݣʱʱһۡ

絹ʲôûʣܹɡ

ݣӦ̫ӵµˣֻǡ

ֻʲô˾͸ϽԷ磿ޥЩüʱסһЩŤ

ÿ˶˷ŷ磬Сܿˣرɵˣû뵽̫ӾȻֱӴˣǲǣ

֪ܸСƨСƨǲף

Ӧȱ𼱡̫Ӽɫԣĵ׾һ⣬Ӧˡ

̫ӵǲӦøҸͣޥҪǲСƨҪˡ

̫ɫ죬ε˵·ģҪû취֧ĹŮһӦģѾˣ˵ȥġ

Ҳ㣬˵˵ȥ㲻ҲûޥЦˣָһСӲ˵ȥ̫湻档

һʼͲ̫ӡ

̫ӸˣСʵ˵ôܲܽϳȥ

ޥͷۣ˰ֵ˶ˣô죿ҪǿˣȳɣϽͻȥ

Ӵ⹬ԺҴҸϻ£һԼıӱ̫Ӵ˾һ

ѵôôͿô̫Ӱߣ

ū澲ҿʮίҲû뵽ᷢ¡

ɻҪһӰȻҴææܽһֱޥ÷

ˣ̫ӵӴ⹬ˣ磡

֪̫ûлǬ幬һ̫ԼȥԶˣô磿

һϲģĶô죿

뵽ҲסŮ͸˹ȥ

ʹ㵱ţθˣϣˣ

ǰԺ

ޥ̫߸˵ƷζһУֱԡ

̫ӱ߳Ա߸̾ԹóԵ㣬Ҳͷͬ

˵һ̿סôޡޥһļ϶һ䡣

˵Ѿǰ޹̣ôһ©֮㡣

ôóԣ˾Ȼʱ˵ǲ˼顣

̫

СһԿÿˮ̲ͣҲԡ

ʱȻһͨﵽ

ȿȿȡޥʱͱǺһԡ

̫ɫһ䣬һⲻ֪òȥ

ŵû궼ˣһСı̿ס˺۵ÿ޳




13.  ޥ¶   ɲ״Ӧ

ءһ۾ͳɤӿޣһ޸ˣһСɷס

ʱһƬҡ

ʲôˣɿ첽˽һΣðɡ

̫ȻĿŵд̫ӵ£һ

ĿһĶˣʲôίɣ

˽ŵʰĶᵽɤۡ

ޥҲòǱӲˣ

طiԴһǵͨ죬ֺ¡

翴ɵ޵øˣſ˫Ҫɱ

ҵطôˣޱޣﰡѹûޥˣ޳ˣҲܵᣬæ˱

ʹʹʹСָԼ

һ֪ˣĪǱ̿ס˺ɣޥ̫ɫһס

ȻҲ뵽һ㣬ַŭҵطǱ̿סˣ±£ͽҽܿͲ˰

תͷԹŮŭȵվʲôϽҽ

ǣŮһ˳ȥ

ط԰ﴵܿͲ˰絶ʣο

ء绹ڿޣûôˣо˰ȫ

ֺ˺һӣֹֻͣǺĴܲ˵ˡ

ίͷŭɴʱðɣޥŭ

ˣ첻һ̫ͣ

ƺ̧־һ˦˹ȥ

ޥһֵ̧ʱ֪Էͼˣٶܿν׾٣ޥѡܡ

类̿˺˭Ҳû뵽ģ̫ӴģûκιϵⴿǨŭ

˽д̫ţɶִʾȫͬˣ

ž

Ӵ

ͼһޥϣطiˣ̲סԼƺоʹ

ȴû뵽ޥһȴҽĸ߸𣬼ͷ

ӴӴɲҽиͣǻŭʹ۵ᶼˣĻ֮ǰҫ

ءô˰ءʹޥһգҲſ

㣬㡭ָޥ˵Ӷˡ

ʯͷĲɣһƷ·ʯͷϣʯͷҪӲġ

û뵽ѵϲɣԼ֣Ƕ˶ˡ

ϸǸ

ءޥֻһĿޣԹίۻˡ

طiͨ죬֮¶ĴͲᷢˣӦһġ

뵽ΣЩԹޡ

ʲôŶҪ۸ӦǶģҲǶ͵ģ֮Ӧûκιϵ׾ʹˣǲ̫ˣ

طiվǱﲻסˣͦСŵޥǰԴŭضɡ

̫ӵ㡭ɾˣ̫ӵױϹʲôԻȻ˵

֪֪ЩԼͷϣᱻط

̫ӵ£㻹ֻǸӣͲҪˡɰٸʮӣҲҰȫƵ̫ӵͷϡ

Ͼ̫ӣҲһǣΪӺ̫ӣɲ뿴ġ

û뵽仰ȴŭطiطi˵ѾǺˣ֪Լ˵ʲôʲô

̫ӵ£Ҫˣû֪£ǻ㡣Ҳˣ̫ӵô£ȻΪһҪԲɣ

Ǿ뺹𷣶ҲˣطiҲǻȥˣ˵֮¾ûסꡣ

±𷣣ҲܿӦ۸

㡭ɼֱˣû뵽̫ӾȻԸҲҪϡ

ϼݵﵽԺһͨţͼһǰһ˽󻹸Ů̫ࡣ

ɫɫºͣüŵЦ⡣

ޥ΢΢ü鿴óи˽ˣҲãʡĵġ

ɫǲôÿûϵϻô죬ͬеĻеɡ

Ƕͷһͽ϶ϡ

˻һΪȥ˵ɹţޥ͵֬ոˮõ˿һޡ

Żû꣬˽㱨˵Ӵ⹬дˣǣ̫ӵ¡

һôˣһ̫ȥӦ䷹ɸˡ

±ֻ֪Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣڱ˷֣Ͳòˡ

ˣżʱ˹

ϣʰһ࣬綼ҿˡ

ƽ䣬䵭ɨһۣ﷢ʲô£ô˵˴ˣ

ɸҪڣû뵽طiһطi״꣬ﲻ״Ӧ

òһѪ̫ӾȻȸ״̫ˣ

ɣд£һ͸ӲˣһԱߵޥ޵۾ˣһգʱһۡ

ޥǰղزʣô֣

Ӧ˽Կ̫ӵ磬ҿ类̿˺һʱ֡ϣһҪΪ

类̿˺ע⵽Ůطۣ۲ѡϽҽ

Ѿȥҽˡɸ˵꣬Ůͽ㱨˵ҽѾˡ

ϡ

ˣȸ翴ֹҽ£û

ǡҽæ˷ҽ䣬ȥ̡

ҽḻҲǵһθֻʱͽ˳ֻǣ类̫̿ãɺʹʱܿ˵ˡ

ҿ硭ҪˣÿһᷳùŮȽȥ

ֻʣ¼ˣʵ˵˵ɣô£

ȿߵϣӦعأ˽д̫ӵţΪһ֮飬ܻӴ⹬




14.     ޥŭʵ۾Ȼޡ

Ҳ˵£ԲŸϹȴû뵽Ӧ綼Ź绹ôСô㰡ͱ̿˺ء檵ʱһţŴӦˡ

ɱ߿ޱ߿ߣһжƵޥͷϣԼ˶Ȳѡ

úòѯޥϣô˵

ػϣûʲô˵ģһжǳ檵Ĵ𷣡ޥȻûб䣬ȻԽˣԽĪίɲ۸˵Ǹ

ô˵طiһ̲סˡ

꣬㲻ҪӦһжǶĴǶ̰죬̰ͼӦʳǶģǶӦģҲǶġ

꣬㲻ҪӦҪͷɣӦѾһˡ

طi˵˵žղԼ̫֣ӦļȳԣҲнյһС

Ѫ̫ӵʱ򻹲һţʲôһģʮҲҶ̫Ӷְ

ޥúģȻ̫ӰӲˣǺеԭСƨˡ

ϣ㲻Ҫ̫ӵº˵ǳûعأ̫ӵš

ߣǺάԷ֪ԼЦһʵο

̫֪еˣǺ£ޥҲû侮ʯһжƵ̫ϡ

ϣ꣩𷣡ͬ˵һԴ

ϣʵҲʲô¡һֱĬĬΧ۵ĵڿˣЦвް粻ŵĹأӦʳóԣ̫ӵ³ڣҲ֮飬ǣʲôءˣ

΢΢ף֮ͬ

ȻǺڲţֻûл߲Ը⣬˵

Ϊˣʱ֪̫ޥţûֱֹ

ޥһ⻰ͽķŻȥˣ̫ŵ˵Ҳ˵СҲС˿Լôˡ

ɿڿ˹أֻⷢӣˡ

ֻȷʵӦóڴӦϡЦӯӯ˵Ӧÿյķ㡣

Ƕ͵ġ̫ӿڡ

ףӦþûˣ̫ӵݹأʲôͳʲôŷԣӦԣҲûʲôֱ𡣡

硭ɺȻһתüɣôĪǲϲʳ͵͵ܹģ

ɼֱҪĹȻ˵֪Ҫˣ⽫֧ȥ

⻰ǰûչ˺磡

Ĺޥȴѣͽ鷭˸棬ϴĸɸɾװףһҴɡ

ĸ֣Ǽʶˣ

ѧ԰ģҪˣûа취ŴһġôһʣҲܺ棬ʱʱ֣Ϊʲô԰

̫ӽʼĩ˵һ飬֮ǰҲûô࣬;òԾ

ɽ㲻˵һ˵Ϊûչ˺磬ŶˣһͲ³ʮ֮߰ˣһιﵽͷϡ

ɣô£Ҳһ䡣

ػϣֻùŮȥ԰˹䣬ϲȥ԰ǧԼͻģҲû뵽ᱻ̫ӵ´

ԤеĽνԯޣֶµĵɣ

ԭӦýһжͷϣû뵽ͷĲǡ

ΪĶ㾹Ȼ˲ܲˣ޿类̿˺Ҫ󲿷ΡĻشȻ⡣

Ҫȥ棬ľȻϣκô̫ӽߣ´λĻϲ֮ˣҲ֪

ϣô粻ܲˣֻǸ һͼˣϾȻһжﵽϣչ˰粻ɵ

⣿մĻϲ֮ˣֵΣ֪ڸģԽˡ

ɻٱ⼸䣬ȻʶʲôӲסˡ

ǳ檵Ĵˡ檱֤Ҳûһˡ

ûһΣĲ㡣ϴǿ˳ˡ

лίǴˣһжĺúõģȴûϵ

ƳһԵޥ̲סҧŮûŪɾźط˺϶Դ˾ȻҲᡣ

ӦҲޥͨ죬֪һƿ϶ᣬвһۡ

ڡޥ˫ֵ

ôãԺԲɼѼþͳɡ

̫޴ûнɾ类̿˺ʧְ

Ը𷣡⻰ƺãޥɵϴ

һƣû˵أǲӲãô췣ģ

˵ɴ㣬Ѿ𷣹ˣмǲٷִ

лϿ檼סˡޥһû뵽ô˵ȻʲôҲûУֻһ䡣

˵ǲٷִûнֹд̫ӣĬ˰

һ̫ӾͻܼͼѼãõûˣ붼ģ

šôͻϲһҲЩȾƺûôˡ

ôɰСӦôô

ɣΪһ֮ףŪԵɾʹˣʵ衣һתࡣ

д˷Բɳи޹ܺߡ

ϡһû뵽ϾȻˡ衱ôصĻ

һ۵ֵڻţҶȴָӡûС

ϵ޾ͷ˼£´Σط

ϡסͬйƤһ㣬ֻûЩˤڵϡ

ôܷĲ

ΪʲôͷϺȴҪ㣿

ô㲻üɹȻ֪ڸġ

ϷлϿˮ䣬ίиˡ

°ɡ˰֣ɶִˣҲ𷣣Щϣʼ˷ˡ

ɸо˻ϵ񣬲һᣬί뿪ˡ

ӦЩأƣȥҩùɲ⣬еؿޥ

ǣ¡

лޥмصл

̲סԹ㣬Ͳ֪㿪

ޥֱһޱشҪò

µƿԣ֪Լǽǻˬ㵽ͷˡ

ǿϧ㡭طiСֹһ䣬۰ͰͿϵĺ飬ֻϧѾˡ

ôóԣЦã˵ĺ

طiǰһҫ꣬ӦرóԣŷĺóԶˣмȡ

˵Ȼй¶ʲô˵Ϣ

øƽϣޥȤ

һ˵޵Ҳ볢һˡһ޾ŷһӦ֮ǵø͵Ǭ幬

ɫ΢΢һЦޥ

ޥûе˼˵˵û⣡һҪһ㣬źóԣ

߰˽ʮص֣Ϳ˽һˡ

áӦˣЦſһۣŴŵ̫ӵ뿪

һߣޥϲͨҲ˲ָϰۼûС

̫ˣǶõûˣ

ϳԵÿģ˵ʱء

Ӧôų㰡Ρ

ѵԼޥ⡣

ѽӦص㲻ǳԼǻȥǬ幬㶼ȥˡ

ޥ˼ȫûʵôˣ

ץסļҡ£Ӧ𣿻ϲ㣬أ

ޥһˮ˼ض㣬ˣ̣ޣ

ʵ㲻˵˯̫˰ɣ




15.  㲻   ӦԼ͹

УԲԣ

ޥϴʾܾŲȥޡ

ϱӺôҲǷɽҪ֪һ˯ˣĶ飿

Ȼãȥ˯һ˯ԷǿԵġ

˯뱻˯Ȩ

˰ɣֻ㣬û˵ʲôޣǶС˼벻Ҫôòãޥؽ㡣

Ӧ˼ˣⱾ˼ޣǿɲȥǬ幬úܣӦƽʱܴģôͲأ

ѵ˵Ӧޣ

ǲӦðǶôҫ飬ȥȥء

ң˵һ⣬վλˡ飬Ӧܲװɣ

֮ˡ纮ûãǰͻȻεúܣôޣޥһһ׵ģ֮ܶҪ˵뷨

ǣûȷָҪޣװͿ¡

ǡ㻹ٱ䣬ޥָס˴ꡣ

㵱Сһ죬ˡ

̾һˣӦǹװɵĲȥޡҲӦǲУϣȹɡ

ʵҲ裬ͻ಻Ҫ鷳Щ˵ҲûôΣա

ֻǣŴӦƺ٣ӦʲôҲѱ˲֡

ҡҡͷˣ棬Ӧô˵Ǿôɡ

˵ûһŷˣ͵ɱ̫͵ˣʮء

ŷĹĽͽŷޥ費ҪæС飬ޥȻǲҪ

һ£ôһ㣬̰һ룡̰Щǳˣ

пͺáָ㽫г飬һԴһвƿģʣµľһ顣

Ҿõϳԣʣµľǵˡ

вӦ̰ô࣬ϻ֪İɣ

֪ôôһ㣬̰۵ޥİ˰֣˸˳ȥ

һΣѾᳵ·װ顱гС飬ڹﵹͣŪһζȻŽӽϵͳ

ȴʱ䲢ԼĪķϵͳ˷Ӧ

ޥǰӽסܿ죬ϵͳ³һ̺飬硣

ֽ֭ˮŪһЩڹαװֳȷû©Ŵ򿪷š

ȡʳ

Ӧ׼ˡЦŽʳеϣޥĵ˵ͷ

ޥøӸס飬ȻŷŽʳֽиǸϣй©ζ

ȥɡʳеݸ

һӦԼȥ𣿡

ֲɵޥһ֪˯Զţë

һϹ

˵̫εˣܻϲ

ǣū澾ȥˡ

·Сİȥءޥָ𣬸ѧĺһ㣬ĿȰ

εֻ̾ʳǬ幬ȥˡ

ˣӦҩҪҪԣȻطȻ¡

ãҵӲúܡޥ̧һ뵽͵ʴףֶ׳ͷЦ

´˭ٶ֣ܲһöԷʮµģ

㶢һ˺ðҲû״ӦôôӲǵøӦױʱ



˵ȥһ·϶ܾҪ㡣

Ҳûбİ취ֻӲͷƤˡ

Ǭ幬㱨֮ͱ˽ȥŹüͷ

ů밲ū澼ϣϼ顣

װһżԭ𴽽ǣʱȥ

̧ͷһõʵôˣҴӦأ

ػϣҼҴӦӻδȬ˺ķ˲پ۵òεˡԣֻū澽͹ˡ

ʹԴһ㷲۾

ôأҽûУŰɣҪǹˡ

·ڱϲܣɷϾͲһˡ

һ뵽ǱԷ;öԷûʲô

شػϣӦ˵ϢһͺˣҽҽϴοҩҲûꡣ

һԽϾǹⲻ

˼ˣһƣĺó

ǾҴӦúϢ㽫ûȥɣҴӦԽ͹Ժûˡ

ǣϡ΢΢ȣϾȻƴӦ˼ˣ

ҿ֮ûָ˴Ӧһλᡣ

ϲӦɣ

뵭ϲʳп첽صӴ⹬Ǭ幬һһ˵ޥ

ϾȻòвңޥˣС˯Ȼϣ

аҪ͹ȥǰɣȥСʱ֪˭˯˭أ



ޥȴ˱ơ

ǬУбϣֻÿʲôʲô˳ۣʲôʲô˳

ջϳԽϱ֮ƺͳ˺󹬵Ц빬ûҲûʧ֡

һʶǲǴԽģʵּƻĲء

أͱҪȥ

һ¸뷨ϾȻΪһɣȥôҲԾڻϵĿƺԽԽҪˡ

Ǭ幬˸ոջ㱨һϢ˵ûȥǬ幬ȻֻһŮ㡣Ů̽˵ʱ;ò˼顣

㣬Ҫ޵˼ϾȻûȥ

ŶӻˣҲһ㶣漴Цò᲻׻ϵ˼ɣ

ҲûأɻǹŮȥˣ͹ȥ϶ϲһĿذ

ɫ΢ϣ㣿

ϻܹͦݣһܾǸõˡ

㣿Ҳÿܲܳԡ

˼ǡ

ЦӦֻǸӦֻ϶ɣʲôóԵ㣿ǾͺһأһЩϣס²ֽŸɾ㡣

ϳԵİĲ£

ģ㵽˻϶Բ˵ġһ۾Ϳ룬ڴǡ

ǣū֪ˡӦһ¡

ҹ˾֮ʱ̾ޥŷһЩͶۻϽȻҴ뿪ˡ




16.  ж   ж

ڶ磬ޥùžͶˣֱ룬Ų鲻Ըĳ

Ӧŷ͹һʱˣǲǸˣǱ߻ءεѣûԼҴӦģǿǻϚG

ⲻûʱޥ벻˵Ҳġ

סЦ⣬˵Ӧū֪㲻ԸȥĲܲȥôӣҲԣ𣿡

ޥƲƲ죬Ʊֻ鷳ûӵ˼һ㶼˽ҡ

ū˵ˡ̸Ŀڣ΢Ц˵ҲһΣӦ͵ȥߡ

ţҲôġޥü ļ򣬴ŷ

Ѿʮˣһʱ䣬һ̺ʳ¯

Ȼ㣬ޥݺһڣ޲ԼһȫԹˣ㽻ϳ˷ѡ

̰۵һķϣʱͲϼƽˡ

ӦʳСմţʳеϡ

ޥװʳϸ˸ӣζŽš

߰ɣȥǬ幬ޥ裬ͦ˳ȥ쵹Ҫʵ۸ô

һЦʱϣӦͨˡ

һӴ⹬ޥװһӣϾţһ·ߵĺ

ⲻ֪·ǬʱͱҵĹŮˡ

ӦѾʳǬ幬ȥˡŮ˳ȥܵŶ˺

áһԸϱĵģվҪϺÿ

ǣŮж̣˷лһ˿š

һߣޥѾǬ幬

ȽϣǬ幬ĸʽӻֺޥ̲סͷǻʵסĵط

ӦˣѾˣ͵ءŹһȲӭǰӦôվǰˣǼˡ

ǰޥջĿ⣬Цš

Ӧô˵ɷūˣӦ롣ŹϽŷʳ͹һʱˣȴﶯҲû͵Ӧء

ޥҲٵ飬ŹһǬ幬

ǵһطǰڵ̷ҲûĻᡣ

Ǭ幬ǻϾ޺۵ĵطʱҲټ󳼣˵ϽĵĵشҪԲԶ

ޥôȤֲס

ϣӦˡŹ



ԣޥֻýӹʳУԼ˽ȥ

һݣͿڲ֮ϰʮˣһ£ɢ˵

ޥûһȵϵͳƷǺ黹֮ǰּȡ

ѹ̫ӶĲ꣬ԸðŷҲҪԡ

ôʳ͸һ˳ԣ˷ѡ

ϣϼ顣ޥʰﻹʳС

ƽҲޥɫɲ԰ףЩݣԭЩҲ˵ˡ

ԩϡ

лϡޥ֪Ѿת˺üȦʳаϣȻ̺˳̾ǳΪĺ㣬ΪȽ鷳Щˡ

԰գҿ˸ӡ

Ҫ֮Աǣ鷳һ磿Ϸǹʱ䡣

Ȼһ˵ζʱע˵Ļʱ˻ȥ

̲ס˺üڣʵô꣬Թ㣬ҸĶԹȴûŹôģ

㣿ôģ˺档

һ̣Ȼеޥ˵Ĺˡ

㣬ɫҲͲ֪ζˡһй¶ĵƺ㶼ڴ

лϿ佱ζλԳһھ֪ˡޥԺЦϵͳƷģܲ㣿ܲóԣ

»ϳ˵һηǵҪԵڶΣ

ÿӼһŽҪƸϣŹȻͨˡ

ʱʲô΢΢üԽΪˣǬ幬Ҳĵط

ػϣ˵Ϊһ̵ģʱŹ׻ش𣬰֪Ӧˣİɡ

֮ЩİϷ֪ˡ

Щãʲôģ粻ͣƫƫͣʲô˼Ҳ̫ԡ

ȻƺҲ飬ôǹƹ󹬡

ɡ

Ƭ̣ŵһɵϮޥתͷһۣպÿһϮӰӳǰĹ

һʱʰֱŮץסѱ

ɣӦҲأĿ¶ȣ·Ĳ֪ޥΪʲô

ޥҪͣȴѾƿĿ⣬ЦУ檼ϣϼ顣

ƽޱʵģôˣ

ػϣ⼸ոѧģձĺܲˣԾϳе㲻ô񲻴ӡ

ķϣԭϣȴûϵһѹģѹŲ

ѻôô㣿볢һˣ

ȷŰɣŵʱ䣬޶ˣٳĵġ̵ľûθڣɫƽҲޣԶԶޥʳ

ǡӣе²̨

ｨ裬͵ֻǸڣҲûô

㰡û뵽ŷô㡣ϣ֪ûпڸһڣ

ο˵ˣ㲻ŷģӦġ˵¶Цݣûпڸһ飬Ӧ˵㡣

ޥϽ˵ǳϵģȻǻʹ͸˭Ծʹ͸˭ԡ

ţ޾ʹһɡЦЦǰͦòģ֪ӡ

лϡлһ˿ϲſ

ޥֻǸӦȻûķݣָҲһ㣬Ƶǰ

㿴ͺζϣ糼ԲˣһȤӣӾͼһι

һ̣ЩԼ⣬ʵ̫ζⱲӳԹʳҪ

Ǻһһ㣬Ƭ̾ͽһԵøɸɾЩδĿֶ

ԵýζˣжʳҺٳ㣬ζȣû뵽ճԵͣ

㵱ôóԣ

ϲˣҲжζ

ϣ㡭һھҪޣȻԼ⣬ɫЩŤˡ

ȻĲ˷²ˣôԣ

ôˣѾһС飬׼ι

ʱɫһ䣬ŶӲҽежϣ檶Ӻʹ




17.  ֤   ϾȻı

ʱ䣬˶ɫʱ¿ӣȥ

Ů̫ʧɫŹæȥҽ

ޥԭûе¡

жʲôЦ

жжϵͳƷôж

һ˲䣬ޥͷӦˣŮһǹģݺôôɣַǵΪԲˣ

־òԾٴҲҥɣôǴԽŮԭﻹǶսʤӦòǡ

Ǿֻһܣǰ׼жˣΪҲж

һ̣ޥһңϵͳϵͳƷָҪ˹ĵ

ǵ͹˺ա

ԭΪԼ͵չԼĵϳԳԺȺնվͺˣȴû뵽һһα˿Ӻ

ˣЩðǾ˶ˣ浱ûƢ

ӴӺʹϣǲҪȥˡڲϰᶼʼתƺû١

˵ʲôҽϾˣһûµġ§ڻοţĿ¶

ϵġһֽץס֣һЦûû¡檱ȥˡҲûźˡ

ɫ΢ο˼䣬Ȼޥ˹

ޥʹ˫ݲȣû˿η壬ֻ¶ֵ֮ɫ

ӣÿжˣٴ󵨣Ҳ¶Ը

ϣҽˡʱŹ㱨ֱӽҽ˽ξ

Ρջ˼ҽ밲

ҽ̽ΧסԺ

ʹˮԽꡣ

Ƭ̺Ժпʵʳʲô΢ĳθЩ⣬΢жļ󡣡

ж

ޥһŮΪ˺ѪȻԼ忪ЦԹвô

Ҳ֪ʲôزġ

ޥü뿴ôȥǧҲ㲻ϵͳɡ

ûʳʲô͸ղųһС⡭һһ߿Ͱ͵˵š

һҽȥ⣬뿴ޥеѹƺӵͳˡ

ϹĿ⣬ޥһʵҲɳж

ûжҽ֪֮Щ䣬˵Ըޥ£ֻʵ

ޥ˵ͷУûֱ˵ģǸˡ

һʱ䣬˵עתƵҽϣͼҽ˺ð죬˺üַöͷ亹ˣȴٳûϱ

ʣϣ΢ѧղûзжȲѣҽ˵

ûж죬ĵȴһ֪¡

ȴɫѿ˼㣬ôûжһǶ̫΢ҽûм

һۣЩίͶۻϽȥˣ㲻û

ػϣ΢ȷʵûмԡһ취öԣҲ˵İ취ҽʵûˣͳһʳʳûô˵ȥ

ǾöԡҲ볹׸ûжȻҽ顣

ޥȻ˵ϣҲöˣó԰ɡж檱ҲԹ޻ڣ޶ϻס

ˡɫٿȻһ䣬֪֪Լ˵ʲô

ضޥ޲ýԴÿ

֪Ϲĳ檣Ϊˣ檲ŲϣΪѡ檶Լʳģûûޥżᶨǰɣ浽ף˭ѡ

Ҳȿ˵ʲôޥһιһʱ䣬˵ĶΨйЦ

Ҳ֪ϵ̫Ļ̫޴͵ſࡣ

ޥѹûһһڳţЩֺ˵ĺܺóԣȥιҲ̫˷ˡ

õĲѣޥ̹Ȼ־Լˡ

һʱ䣬ޥͽԵֻʣ飬ҪΪʵڳԲȥˡ

˶ĿתԼޥüûоκβףǲţҽҲ԰Ұһ

ӦѰԸһ䡣

ҽӦһǰޥƬ̺㱨ϣӦȷʵûжļֻе΢Զ϶ûж

ܣ

΢䣬гɫЩŤˡ

ôûжͶʹõ٣Ҳܺ޼󣬵ô£

ĪֽŲϷˣԽƾͼƣ

뵽Ķ˰أݵһǻ

ûжͺãӦίˡֱʱų׷дʯ֪ûпˡ

лϻסޥ̲תۿһԵĹǿ˹ȻΪжһΪġ

΢΢ףû±úòһ顣Ҳ룬֮ǰûʳùʲô

ּƲ˸ϵɷߡ

֮ǰȷʵʳ˱ĶΪһ̺ĶԷ֮ǰһЩͶˮΪҽǰ֤Լжˡ

ã·ɵ㡣

ӴȻһֽŶӣһйĸо

װģͶˮкŻ£ﵽʵЩﲻסˡ

ۡͻȻһ죬űһŵϢ̲סס˱ӡ




18.  ޥ   뷭Ӧ

ޥˣҲ̫˰ɣڷƨڻǰЩʧˡ

ֱطȥˡ

æסñѬƳһԵĿԷˣֳ

úչ˹̲סˣԸһ䣬Ҵ뿪˷䡣

һߣޥҲҵ˻ᣬе˵ౣ壬һˮʯġ

ҲȹӦһС˳ȥ

ҽ͹Ůֻסˡ

ءˣⱲӻûˣǵŻϵ档

ӴԺ󣬻ϿǲǾͻգܸºӡ

ΪʲôΪʲôҪЩͶˮ

ʱޱȺڣһԹޣԼǱϸˡ

ϣȻã



֮ޥûвˣ֪¿϶鲻ʲôôˣһһʱ֤ݡ

Ҳûô׾Ͱ⵹û϶ԹõӡѾܲˡ

صӴ⹬ȥŷŮŷúüһ顣

򲻸ˣҳ˵㶫

һĵֱһЩֵķĩжϳǰͶۡ

һһжˡ

һǹģ֪ҪЩϣԹݺֻǣҲû뵽ѹûϣǺϵͳġ

ޥһң޶ùҲ硣

ǵüǿ䱸ˣŷôҪĵطȻ˽ȥ챣ӣûùóѣԲһΡޥɫôÿܰϣϡ

ŷطҲüǿ䱸

˵ףõ٣λݵͣ˭۸һ¡

֮ǰֻԼĵ̹Сӣ⼸νѵʶ뷨ж档ں徲Ҳ徲

ԭһͣϥעˡ

ԣıˡ̫̫̫ĹջԶԶԼ֧Ŭ

ôúúù滮滮

պֹ̫ʱһݣһݸ̫ӣһ̫ȥǬ幬

յ̫ĺʮ־ȣϲͬʱ뵽ޥ

չȻжûгζ̫æµ¸ˡȴû뵽̫ӻȻ

Ϊ㻹ź꣬ͳ㵽Ρ

طiε˵ʵӦöģӦźûгԽһݡ

㵹ʵЦãСҲ

ЩϾȻ£Ҳȫûġ

С̫Թ֮󣬿ԼʳһڣطiԴΪ˳ˣ

Ӧղ𴽽ǣЦſһ䡣

ζʵرеֱ˲԰Ρ

ǿǿסֻǣŵٶԼӿһЩ

һԵŹ΢΢ȣδ϶һʳȲӦ㣬ͬѰ

ƾһļգӦڻͻռһλã˵ܿͻгˡ

ϣ˽չ

С̫뿵ӣɨһͷƣʵûӦģ

ŹĿ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ӷ뷭ˡ

ػϣӦţﻹûнͷƷ

üͷޥĲôûãòǹװްɣ

ҽȥơ

ǡŹӦһʵϣӡ

ַһŹһ֣̻㱨Ӧ

ĵ˵ͷӦƺǰû

ڶ磬ޥڴϴȻ˳ǰ㱨Ӧˡ

ޥ˹Ź֪һĺûˡ

ūżӦӦ顣ŹʰĿ¶Ц⡣

󻹸ˣһС̫࣬һҽС̫˫ֻŸ̡

񣬲֪ǰΪ£ޥߣׯ浾ŹӡдΪͬ

ŹششӦĻūǷ֮ġմӦ͸ϵĺ㣬ϷǳϲʹʹӦһ̽ӡ

С̫ǰһƿϵĺʱ䣬һƬλޥ۾

ޥֻƳһۣЦϲ㣬ҵңлʹ͡

΢΢̧̧°ͣǰӹ̽ӣϲش̲ס

ӦϲͺáϻܹĴӦ״ūҽӦϣӦܾŹԽýյӦ̫һ

ҲǼʶ֮Ӧȣȹܳļλﶼй֮޲ˡ

һֺׯ塢費

ʮ־ȣӦǾʲôôһҹɱˣ

ûϵˡޥ΢Ц֣ҽǰΪ

Ƭ̺ҽ㱨ϲӦѾΪתҪҩˡֻҪپգȫ

ϲӦŹǰһӦܿȬ֪ܿġ

ޥЦЦߴһֱôԣװôõĲҲÿˣ

ѡʱ򿵸Ҳԭģٹվǻϵٳǲſûа취μӡ

Ϊʮ٣ԻϽֻٰ磬빫һ硣

ǵԭⳡǾʷ׳ʣɡɡɵ˴òɿմȫʤ

ЩͬʮֻɹὫעתƵԼϡ

ˣļ죬ϸһԭĵƬΣһЩƻȡƾ֡

Ϊϵ׼ˡ

Եڷƨ󣬹ûˣЩжΪɶԼĳǬÿ밲ˣһ

Ȼ£ɷ֮ڷºܿڹд˸飬ɶ֪ˡ

ҲҰ˵˽۷׷ף˶ֻ

߷߲ѣޥԹ޸ʶϾʵİʯҪ߿

ԼԶˣΪΪһСӦȥҲǸ£ûϡ̫̫õӡ

ȫԽ赶ɱˣñȥʰϡãöѡɡ

ѡԭһϾסӴ⹬ɹܣ֮йڣгϡ

˹ҧһԿ֣⡣

ϵ磬ǸõĻᣬϵŻԼ˴Ժ뷭̾ϼˡ

Ȼǵûϵ˲ˣֱӽ乬á

ȥ֪֮ôһݸ̣ƺʲô

ǣҲҴȥˡ

ĿĮⳡ磬Ҫöвͨͨù

ͬʱҲΪ׼ϹʶĿͷûϵע⡣

ʮˣǧУٳڵˡ




19.     ӦһѹȺ

ٽʱڴ׵ǰǬ幬밲ޥȻҲС

⻻һµĹװ̫̫ĺ̫ʹ͵ΣͿĨ֬֬ϵͳģһ

ôһװ磬㶼ԳһӦƽ泯ģʱɫ԰ףû뵽պúһ磬ȻôƯ

ȴ֪ޥƯΪױ磬ԭ

һתۣѾһ£ϸתţÿתһξܴһЩʣʹԽɾͨ͸

ʵҲͬնڵ˵׳ǼһҲڻ£ʹƾˡ

ԹĲʶ࣬Էһѵ

߰ɣȥǬ幬ޥһЦ˿ȥׯָ߹󣬻͸һɲֱӵİ

һۣҲ̲סͦ첽ȥ

û뵽ճţȻϽɡ

ɽȻҲһױݾ£ڸ䣬ŵ壬ȫǰŤݡ

ޥһ

⼸ĲȻˣһֱ㣬Ȼûȥ̷š

տʼƾӲˡ

񡣡ŵЦ⣬΢΢üңӦմĺƯһڻϵѹȺõϵĴˡ

˵ЦˣޥֻǸССĴӦ֮ˣȵϸòޣޥҲ΢ЦţˣĺȻ˵޵Ļ

죬ϻͦˣһҲԣᰢķУڶ̶ʱڵõ̫̫̫Ĵࣿ

پûȤ˵ϣһǬ幬Цó

ޥɫδ䣬Ǭ幬Ц˶Цˡ

˾һǰһȥǬ幬֮ŷѾˡ

һȥǬ幬ͷܶһ涷ޣ˻Ц

λ빫ҲһˣĴ󰢸Ѿ꣬С£ֱڻ

ޥ̫ӣ̫УҲͻȻ˹СС˸

㡣˺

ޥͷǰոȥ̽Ӧ

֮󣬾͵Ű黹ȥӦ͵Ǳ߶ȥһˣЩС

ӦüۺЦޥܾЦеܣ˵е⡣

ҲˡޥЦǰӦг֮ƺոһЩ

ǰǻٳЩλݵ͵ĲӲܼһ𣿡ӦЦݸǳһЩˣ㲻һʱûټ

⻰еᣬӦʵҲôģ˾¶Աȡ

Ǭ幬Ĺ˵Ϸӣʱϲزιȥ

ڳ˻ϵˣϴӴ˶һʰҲΪĽĳ

ûС

ûһʰڶʹͶûС

ҲͰˣϾܶӦڵһ޹ûġ

ƫƫ֪ȥӴ⹬ӦʹˣΪӦһ̺㡣

־ÿЦȲһ̺㡣֪ԼĽʣЩǿƲס

˵ﻰǵûټÿζǳ˲㱻ѡޥЦҲһЩԵˡ

ЩпйȻû飬ʱƻĺýҲΪСĽʡ

ӦЦο㼪࣬ҿܿܵõϵĳ谮ˡ

ޥ治һͨΡ

ﵽ

ܿ죬һĨȺӳǿûֵĹ

ָֻյƣƺѾȫǵڷƨ£ǰǰʢˡ

һʱ䣬Ժ˽̸ŹʰＪ顣

񡣡ĿѲһȦޥ϶࿴һۣЦݲǻϵٳλö汾ɣλݸߵθϺ١

ǡѸٰλݸߵվλãһһ˴

ޥӦ棬Ҳٽ̸ֻþš

ԼĪһʱ䣬ֵǡ

ޥһ۾ͿϵĿϽƺºܸߣ糯ʱüۼ䶼͸Ц⡣

ޥʱҲźۼشޥȻͷޥƯ࣬վȺпνʶĿ

ޥģû뵽ϲСӦҲ˶ׯ߹һ档

ϣףϼ⡢ٰӦʰ

ƽ¶Цݣ׵ɡ

лϡһһһϯ

Ǽ磬Ҳ٣ϯ

һţ빫һʣµľǹˡӦĺһš

ޥҲˣϷǳңԶҲ˸߳ɣǰĸպǵɡ

Ҳô⣬û鷳ã鷳ʰȥԲԩ

޵ٰǼ磬ҶؾнˬһЦŹʹ˸ɫ

Źᣬ̸˵ϲˣ

ʱһӶӹŮ룬ÿ˶һ̣θ˳ζȡ

йŮǰΪƣ繫̣

һƣ˲طG

ǻϵٳͬ죬İ羴һףϸ޽

Ϊ١طG˵һ˫ֱȭףģ

ˣоһڣǻӦ

ɫ΢طGǾ䡰ʹģĶӣӦö

ǹҩ

ޥ̾һιȻԭ࣬ΡҲǺ۸ģﴽǣ׼Ϸ

ֵ֮ťť֮ǰˣõɶһ𾴾ƣӵһڡ

ǳǵɣһ

ʱҲվһԣ´Ȼû취˵ʲôСܺãЦţƺҲΪء

ףϸ綫ˮٱɽϡ

ۡ

˭֪ףصĻû˵꣬ǱͻȻһ죬ʱ˶һǷƨˣ

绹СƨҲûʲôڸ͵ɵĻ

ɱϣһ֮Ѹ侲Ц˵֮ǰպ̣û뵽ڻǰЦĵڶˣûϼЦˡ

һûסЦҲ̫ˣǴҹ

Цĵڶˣǵһ˭Զ

ǰãŻϵ˼ƨأ

Źİ纰ȥ̼ɣת۾ƨһϷ

ȻͼŤˣɫϺһƬжƵģ޲ýɵ˺á

ޥں濴Цס죬òСЦ

طҲΪءһȻƱСһڣ¾ʹ˽ҹ

ҲЦֻúһ

ֵ֮ˡӦˣޥǰӦΪӦѾ޹ǰһ㡣

Ӧƣֻʣޥޥ׼Ȼое㲻ԾȻվ

·ƺϣ





20.  ʰ   µ˺

ޥʱ֮ǰ÷ʱΪ÷Ϊ̷ɲվڸֻΪ϶ֽŰɡ

뵽֮ǰɸ˵ϣǬ幬ЦóԽ϶ԼĲ²⡣

Ƴһ۰ŵɣֻܿԷĲˣҲܷĴǡ

ޥŭЦɵС𣿶Ը治

ǼٳûжȻʵӦʣûˣҪϵ㲻ɣ

һʱ䣬˶ޥ˹ȥɡɵ˶˲Ҳ¶ɻ

ޥڻվɴǵЦԽԽԣ͵ȹ˺ڳ

ȻֱޥȫҲûܵȵһЦ˲ʧˡ

վں󷽵÷ǾȵŴ۾ôܣӦôһ㷴ӦûУмͿĨ˽

ˡ檲ǲ뾴ƣֻΪ׵Щ飬ûܵһʱվޥʹ˫Ľë߷ίһϧ

ţΪҪţĿ죬ҲһƣΨпһ

ޥԽίͰͣػϣҲţжʵڲȥ

ԽԽͿˣ̲סüͷô£ŹȥӦʲô

ǣϡŹæСܹȥ󻹸С̫ࡣ

ȻޥԱһҲûʲôԾ

һ¡ޥѡ

ŹһָᴥţмʱȻʲôסˡæ̧֣Ƥ۵áӴһɫˡ

һ£˶ˣ벻ɣȻô

Ź޳ίػ㱨ϣӦϱͿĨ˽ūֻᴥһ£ָβҲ֪ĸȱµģ

ɫһ䣬ŭͷȻ˸Ǭ幬ҰƤӵ¶Ӧף޷죡

Ϣŭһ˲䣬˹Ů̫඼ڵأ̿֡

Ǭ幬г£ֻǶѲΡ

÷Ҳɪɪһ׷ϣҪԲ˶ߡ

ͲˣӦηнģռƻֻҪӦȥǽͻס·ʱʱ϶ࡣ

ʱ˻ϱ˽ֻЦӦûӶ棬п˵

ƫƫΪξͱˣ浽˻ǰ

Ҳ΢΢ɫΪ÷Ľ̫٣ûסϡ֪Ͼͷ壬Ȼ˵

үӲɣôÿζѣ

Ҳû̫ģ׷Ҳ鲻ϣֻǬ幬˲Сġ

޲飡˭ģˮһĺ鶼ƻˣ뵽ޥûǿ齺Ȼȥֳĺ

µĳ

뵽ޥһǸСӦޣ

ǣϡŹߡ

˲ӦƻϵȨأط

С̫ཫޥӰˣܿһѣ˼һ飬ȷޥ¡

ֳ˻ϵ£ˡޥȴûֻƱ˵ԸԷһ

˵ţоһ

ôޥǱȺǸ۶ء

֮УЩ˷˵˲ģҷģ޻ͷ

һΣȻҲһĿⶼ͸һɱ

ˣ˶ʹֶκޥΪʲôҪʱǻôҶù

лϿޥмһЦ˻ȥ

ѹЩͳǶǹ˵ϣǧС¡ǻϵٳøһЩǣپһɡ

ƱҪȣ˭֪յݵߣ첲͵һһƾȫ˳һһ

гǳɫ޲طȥ

˶ˣʲôԼȾƽһ˶Ҫǲǻˡ

ҲüͷǳɺͳϽȥ

ϣ檡ˣҲ֪ղôһ°

첲˭ײһ£ͿƲסȻƾ˳

⻰˵˭أ˾ƱֻյģһûˣҪԼǲͻȻˡ

ʪյǰ󣬹ίѣĨȥ

û뵽ջֶ˵ķʽճ

һߣ̲סֻ̫ֻ˽°Цһ

ٿɫƺѿˣԭø߸˵ģⶼЩʲô£

ʼٸޥʹ˫һ޺ģϵζȡ

ôһڣû˸˵ˣԽѹ֡

ϲ˰ɡãſڷԸһ䡣

ͬõһ㣬еĿ¿ʼͨ

ŹԸϲˣܿ죬ֽһӶӹŮΪ˴һһˡ

ζȷʢҲû˼ô࣬ĵƷζ

ޥҲÿһֲ˶һ飬ò˵ȷʵߣҲͱϵͳƷĲһˡ

Եʱ΢΢ҡҡͷԹϵͳƷĺ㣬㻹ǲ˵ζ

Ҳ뵽һ磬ɿһޥЩζˡ

㲻Ӧۿɿڡڵһ䡣

ʱо˶¶Ľ֮ɫޥ˹ȥ

һЦ˵Ӧ㣬Ӧȥһ

Щ⶯ޥһ밤ʰ֮ǰŪûˣ

ƽʱһҲˣȴס

㶼ϵͳƷʱһȥŷΧΧҪ¶ڶ





21.     Ȼڶ˳

ΪЧǳ檵ңֻǣһǵðʱʱ綼ɢϯˡޥܣĿϡ

һѣҪôʱ䣿˵ˣŷǣ԰֣ӦͲҪ

һĻû˵꣬ǰװӺȻѿһ죬֭ˮ˲˳ε·ϡ

ɵʱͲҽгһֻһ죬ӾȻѿ˶ˤȥ

ⷬ˶һʲôͻȻƵģѵȾˣ

ԱߵĵɸĿ¶ɣ㱻ɸȥ˵ֺЦ

ɽ㣬û°ɣɺܿعȥɡ

ءľϣҲ֪ǲˣ޵Ұ񡢸γϡ

ޥ¶֮ɫ׷վȥָһӡ

ءɻڿޣڵɵĲվ

ŷ֭ˮ·һƬһƬģֱҪǱжǱɿ޵һŤˡ

Цסˣɳ湻˵ģҲ̫ʧˡ

Ҳ̫ʵһ㣬ȻɸѹˣɿҲְ

û°ɣ÷ȹŮʱųɸסһڷ£⵽ô°ôͻȻˤȥ

ŭ÷һۣûԼˣ

͵͵һۻϣȻԷɫ䣬͸һ˿ʱ䣬һĶ͸ˡ

ϣˡиˡ棬ʱҲû˼ȥ׷ôˣֻϿ뿪طܾ볰Ц

ͲˣԼΪʲôóϲŶԡ

ƣذ˰֣ûۿȥɡ

ǡɿ޿䣬޲ڸӰԼˣڹŮĲһȳһ˳ȥ

˿ӣŵ¶ûˡ

ûһʡĵġ

Ҳҳ׷״Դü˳۵ģｫһһ顣

Ҫ˳࣬˻ϵ£Ҳ

ĵĪޥùɵڳ˳󣬿㱨֮ǰĳǿ³ˡ

Ժٲʶ࣬Ƕ˶ĸѿ

գϯɢ

ôһڣʱҲˣȥݼ̫̫̫ȻһͬǬ幬㳡㿴̻

Ҳ»һ·½˹ζ͵ܾ࣬Χ˶ڰЦԼԹվڻ󣬶֨ɸվԶԶģ˽

ʱһС̫Ǽʱȼ̻ţҹбһһɫͷ׵ƺϿնˡ

㿴̻ÿӦ̲ס

ţʽͦġޥҹգ¶Ц⡣

Ϊʱûʲôÿģû뵽ͦ࣬ȼܷӡ

빫ҲŮˣŮ㰲ȫܳҩ٣²СŪϣҲһ¡

С߶ָţҲ³ʲôΣա

ӦǱġ²طi֪˳һյȼŮޥ

һģƺ˵ֻҪģԴȵ͸

ޥ̿Ȼ̫ӵͣҾˣл̫ӵʹ͡

ţҲ̫лˣɣһ档طiץס֣Ⱥ

㡣ޥͯҲȼˣطiһ˻һŮĵЦ

һԣոջϲѵӦȴЦˣ̫ӦһŮһ棬˵Ľǲܵġ

ǣӦȻܿˣûһ

һҲǣ̫Ŀɽ˭Ը˷أ

طiôһŪఢ繫ҲѧҲŮ͸ԼĶһ档

һʱ䣬㳡ڣ˻Ц

̫ӻޥܵߣҲһŮ

꣬һ氡͸ÿһ㡣

طiһޥһקſȥΪһڡ

ЦſޥֻӳԽͬ»ɾҫۡ

Ǿһ档

طiʱһϲޥգգ۾ޥһЦСӵ˼С

ͦġ

һĻˣԼҶŮôû뵽һ磿ǸõĽӽϵĻᰡȻһСӦˡ

˼һŮޱһĿȴޥıӰ

ޥܸоǵ̵ߣû̫⣬ٸʲôٶһ

طi˵꣬Ůչˣٸüš

˵Ѷ˵֣ץסǵģȻŵһ

ü˳ץסޥ֣ޥоЩڣֿů˺аȫУɵǣ˹ֲ˼ġ

طi͵Ц㣬һҪúðλᰡ

ʱӺȻһɴײһ£ʱһǷŴֵĴ󰢸硣

طiۿҪˤڵأޥһۼֿһѽ

˭֪˻ûվȣޥֱ׷ֲ䵽ˣڴʱһֻѸסӲ˻

ޥһͷһպ˿Ĵڵһ¾ͺˣȻϵڶ˳ǣ




22.  ޥ   һ

·𶼾ֹˡ

ޥֻоһƬ, 죬Ȼռ˱ˣ

һ̣Ҳ׷׿˹ЦͻȻʧ, ֻʣһ̻ҹը

طiųO, ޥ§ڻһҶ, ¶һ¾;˶۵ա

˫ͨ죬޲һŽޥߵȥ, ϵ治ҪȻڴ֮ͥǻϣԤϵᷢʲôˣ

ɵǸ˼, ֮ûһĵľˡ

оԷԵ, ޥ͵ػع, ˿

ǲ̶һ˲, ޥƺаô, ҲǺߣе, ϾĿ֮¡

¶΢Ц, ֻôʱޥƽﲻ̫һûľ, ˶͸һӿɰ

Ӧ, ԷſˡһгȻ컡

§סطiܲ, ӦôôоԼҪ۶ˡ

£Բ𡣡ޥʶһֻֻ§طi, æ˷ſˡ

طiһΪ˺ӦǸ̫ˣղŶҪˡ

һ뵽ףʱõؿһԴԭصĴ󰢸硣

ղΪʲôײңҪӦۼֿ죬ҶҪˤˡ

ңҲǹġ󰢸紹Դ֧֧ᣬҲ֪˻ղž̫ˣŻŮ档

ȻǳӣɶֻǸɣطi̫ӵ¡طiˤȥ϶Ҫѵ

̫ӵܵܣԲ治ǹġ

ڴ˺µķϣξˣ´οɲҪððʧʧˡطiСҲû

ҪΪ磬Ӧֻ»չһأ

ģ϶ûһˡ󰢸һطi׷һ

л̫ӵ¿첽ĻҲķ˻ȥмһЦ

ʲô£磬ȥõŮɡطiİ˰֣Ѹ󰢸ͺãǣȥˡ

ȴû뿪Ǹ˵ֳûԼô󰢸磬̫ӵӦˤˣˡ

̫Ӷԭ´󰢸ˣͲˡҲǲˣΪС¾𷣻ɣǸײӦʵûйء

΢΢һɵһ֣ҲʶȤ͹ڵϡ

ū澻˹أײӦˡӦˡ

ֱߵǸ߿ͷͷϺܿһƬޥۡ

֣º󹬺ܿͻᴫ˵ԡ˵ҲȷʵûҪ

ҲǹĴ󰢸УҲǹײңҲûˤԺСһˡ

лӦ䣬ūԺһСĽָмѣЩ

ӦǿôһᣬϿ϶

ûˣɡޥȥȴͷԼվ

дʯأޥĿһ˿ͣϵǲ֪˴ˡ

ϽŻϵĳ谮֣ӿ϶ͽˡ

񣬵ǿԽԵ

ܹɵıֶζ˵áˣԺԶύһ¡

ҲЦޥղ˵ʵҲһ̽̽ޥԡϣޥѳر֮ˡ

뷨ޥ֪϶ЦǸúܣرˣ

ϣ̻ѾˡŹȻǰѡ

Ǿɢ˰ɡһҲЩˣۿʱѾ磬ûعϢˡ

ǽǷӣŹŵѡ

ɺЦ˵ô⻰ûһĶӦ𣿻Ͻȥ׼

Źһ㶣ûзԣǻһЦˡ

Цſһۻɣһ񣺡ϣ檾ȸˡ

һߣҲ׷񣬴Ľֻʧ½뿪ˡ

ӻϵһ˼ͲµβҲֻ͡

˶ûϵյʤ߻һССĴӦ

󣬾ֻʣ¿ޥ

ޥ⣬ԴӲú֪һԲŻ߾ȡ

ϡ

ޥû˵꣬ȻᱧЩֵʱקס·һСˤȥ

˫ۣЦ˵ҲûȥϢˡ



ޥԡԡǻϵרԡأͨɰɫʯɣʵá

ŽԡܵĿڳӱߣ˫۶

Ϊˮ걳ҲƲסЦ⡣

ӦԺʱԡЦŻһ䡣

ޥ룬ֵˣҾҵľͰҲͦõġ

ʱԡʱޣǲ̫ϲȻгһɵλãҲӵԼСԡء

ҡͷҲ֪Ӧôģʱﶼء

˽ӣ涼йŮߴˣޥŲ鲻Ը

ȡɾ˯£һͬϣ·ֿᱡֱΪ˯ޥеˡ

·㽫ͷ룬аɢ

ӦÿϿ϶ϲġСǣӦҪأ

ÿޥ°ͣһ

ӦôÿŮһۣЦ

뿪ԡأ˾ûа취ˣǬ幬ĹŮޥȥǻϵ޹

֮󣬷žͱˣ͸ůĳȺ죬ӳĵն

۵ĴžҲһڵĳۣڴͷ˰ѹȸУЩƽ׽ˡ

վʲô֣Ŀ¶Ц⡣

֪ǲǴޥԽԽƯˣһȥӴ⹬ʱǸɫ԰׵СѾͷׯָ߹󣬻ɢ˲԰Ρ

ޥЦЦųȹһ򴲱ߣȻ˫һ̣˵ʱ뿵֮ľ˲ʧ

ޥüۣޥҲһ˲˲ſЦݡ

ôʲôʱ仹ء

ڿϻ˸ȦȦÿһ

̧׽סҵ֣ڴǣġ

ǰҲԴ𣿡ޥһƿ

Դˣзġ

ǵûУǲһޥץס֣˵ڳǶصģҲϣڻǶصġ

Цôأ

ޥȻһЩ֣ƺڰ׽һ˵ܰ㡣

ǳ뵽Ķءÿǰ檶һСϷͻûӡˡ

ƤʲôϷȤʵ

Ƹͷһ檵ָӺòãޥ·ֻһصϷ

У޽ġ

áޥһЦչǰϾͿǸͷһὫڻͷϣϱ۾ͺˡ

ΪʲôͷǸͷϣ顣

ϸղŲһж檵ģ

úúã͸ͷϡ

ޥˣЦ˵ǾͿʼˡ

ᶶȻԶһ

ʱ˲˿ϣҲı˫ۣȻ󣬾Ҳûֱͦͦȥ

ޥۼֿסڴϣȷȷʵˣŽȡ

̾һһʼûԼǿʲôģֻΪϲˡ

ֻϧʵ̫뿪Ͻǵİ취ûУ˵Զ߸߷ˡ

ֻŬ˲۸λá

Ϊޣ׼Ч

Ҳãͻᱻˣ´޵ûɱСϷ

սϵͳռȻҧԼʳָһѪǿ׵Ĵϡתһ˿ھԶˡ

ɱ㣬Ҳҵ㲻𣿡ޥü˯ˡ



ڶһ磬ޥϤϤˣԺ˫ۣŷֻѾ𴲣С̫Ϊ¡

ٿɫء

ˣǿĶعͷһ䡣

ţҪȥ糯ˣǲҲ뿪ˡޥ۾ȻƺǬ幬ҹҲûߡ

˯뿪̿·ޥĶͷʱ磬˯ɣһùߣȥϳˡ

š۳檣ҲۻϡޥЦЦȥա

ʱüЦ´˼䣬Żϲϲ뿪

ģƺȫǵߵ顣

뿪ޥҲ˯ˣڴһչأ֮ĵڶȥ밲Ϳ˳ۣȥˣҪ¡

ȻηԷºʰ̫Ƶɡ

Ůǽ̷£һλϲǿȾѪĽ״ޥˡ

ϴ֮Ǭ幬ţŴ뿪

ϲӦվûסӴ⹬ϢˣҲ֪Ӧҡ

㻰ࡣޥ˴ԴСԴ춼Щʲôأ

ͷȽصӦھȥǬ𣿡

ȥɣ¹ѾȵļˡޥЦݣֳֻ֪ʲô۶ء

˿ʱ䣬պõ밲ʱܾýɲˡ

˳ǬȻѾĲˣһ˵ЦģҲ֪ʲô

Ⱥеİһ룬ȻͶۡ

㣬ϲ㡣ֻӦӽ˹ޥ𻰡

ã֮ͲҪ˵ЩˡޥЦЦȻԷԲԵصĺǿ˳

ҲǡȰݼٺú˵˵

ãһȥ

˵ţһͨʱ

ܿ죬ͼһʢ˵ӰӳڹŮĲλ

Ｊ顣Ѹٰλкãʰ

⻹Թڷƨ֮󣬵һټ

ޥӦվ棬߱ʵʵ棬Ϊϲݼˡ

ɣĿѲһȦʱ£ָоֻˡ

лޥռҵԼλãҲڶĩˣһӦ

λãͦʺġ

ն˰ɣɨһۣⷢʡ

ϸϸһ飬նˡ

ŶӦҲˣһһͣ˶һȻӦ

˭֪Ӧˣտ϶ݼһ˵£ҪץӦİѱ

ޥ˳

Ӧˣͦ簡һޣΪ˯һء⻰ƹģʵ䳰

лģޥޣȴҲ˹ءޥԶķϻ

عؾͺãǧѧĳЩˣ֮ܳ;óӲˣʲôѱˡһ䣬˲ɿɣȻǷɳӰ

ޥֳĬǸӣͨôأŲϵ

û뵽Цݹأ˭Ҳʵûйء

ҪЦˣɵƤڷûصľɣ

Ȼû취ֱ˵ֻߵǰе˲ûأƤǽ˴۽硣

˿һҪ˵Ҳ۽硣ɼװͿǲϹԼ

ޥˣѹֵɸҸ̨ƤĹ򣬾ֵѧϰ





23.     ڶ

ȻҲǺס, ǳǳһ޲ýһ߳ȥ

⼸ںԽˮˣûҵһѹԷĻᡣ

, ˵˭, Ȼ, ¾ûҪˡ

˳ޣʱޥ˳˼, ˰ֵӦȥŰɡ

ǣޥһ񣬵ü˳۵˻ȥ, ûˡ

ɺȻ˻⣺ûǴĻǵõ, Ҳҵһȥ۾ۣ

Цͷɽ, ʲôҪģ㶼ô˵, ǲ, ֻҪԹˡȥҾŷ׼ʱпյĽûӭ۾ۡ

Ǹ, ҿ϶ҪȥɿһЦ, Ǻȷֵ֧ˡ

ٳô£ҿ϶ҲҪȥġҲڱ׽

˴ͷ, ܿ˸ͣλλµĶ, ûпڵٲȻγɡ

ޥĬĬһĻ, ɶԼˣ׻ɡɵΪʲôԵɱ׽ʵǱȡů, 뱻ơ

̫ǿˣѹǺܣٲ취ȫΪӡ

Ҳ˵ûǿһͳ󹬣Щҵ汧ء

ֹɫƽЩ⣬ɰЦһ

ԭڿϴͷ˵ڶڵٳϹ£ֱӽɸˡ

ŮˣлҪ¡

Ϊγ֣ƻ˹ͷĻᣬҲȷ컹᲻ȥ͵ɵٳ

ܹȥȥ϶Ҫȥģ˶֪͹߳ģȻͱ˵ϡ

һɢˣޥֱӻӴ⹬

º˿ˮԺȻһޥȥܿͿĵ˻

ӦˣʹأӦȥɣ

ޥһ첽˳ȥӭպǰŹ

ūżӦӦ顣ŹʰüĿЦһ͡

ض𡣲֪ǰкҪ£ޥţһ˫۾ѾƳŹеʥּʱµʲô

ŹЦ˵ūǷ֮ǰӦּģӦּ

檽ּޥڵأҲϲüңŹȥ

ˣʵگԻӦֹγԡ񣬽ڡմˡ

л¡ޥ˫ֽӹʥּѹסĵϲá˵һ죬û뵽ô졣

ļƺû޵ڶͱģǿ

µѾ׸ıԭԭˣԭϣǼ֮ʮط˸ڡ

ϲڡŹ̾ڱ֮ôݣƾԣǰ;Ͳˡˣϻūⳣڵʹ͡

С̫ǰһŹÿһ֣ƿһ

νⳣڵʹͿɱȵΪӦʱˣ鱦Ŀʮޥʮ㡣

˵ϵͳ֮ͲȱǮⶫ˭Ӷأ

ӽһйӦҲճڵķǻʲôҪֱǲ˸ŷһǡ

лѡޥĵģÿյķȴӦöˣ

ÿ»мѼֻʮ̣Ҳõûˣ

֮⣬г¾һϡǶ͡۹𽴵ȵȣʲ˶ӵӡϵ߲ˣʳķḻ࣡ע 

ŮҲǳģɫһͨɰɰﶼӣŹ

ˡ

ʲôŹҪƴǡ

ޥЦ˵ˣһ趼û빫ȣС⹫ͲҪƴˡ

̫ˡŹһЦūŶлڡǬ幬Ǳ߻е飬ūžȸˡ

ߡޥ˳ȥ

Źһ̤Ӵ⹬оЦ

̫ˣǳˣϲڣƲסϲֵú޲óȥȦ

˵ӻǴӦʱǹҲչ黹ͬġ

λԽߣЩūŵҲˮǴߣ߳ȥӡ

˵ڵʮȴӦˣÿչӦҲӣҲǰŽͰ͵ˡ

ϲڡҲĵĵء

Բӵյ㣬Ժһϸߵλá

Ǹúúףһ£ڵĹӦмѼأȥȡһֻһ⣬ϳԻޥüۣҲٶˣ˵޲ϳһڡ

ǣӦŮ빬֮ǶûгԹأ

ޥΪڵºܿʹ˳ȥǵصԴԴϡ

ľơ

ϲڣϲڣڼ顣ϲɫȻޥˡ

ޥΪӦ£ͱΪڣٶȿνɷˡֻҪԺ󲻷϶ߡ

ƽ̫ˣޥͲµ͹һ˹ûϵô졣

Цū澾ͲˣūǷ֮ǰͺġŻϽΪڣΪˣūһ

ƽ˫ַϣޥһһԱӯӯ⻬͸ֵơ

Ҳ̫ˣôصʵܳ

˵ϲͺãӡˣﻹһȥţô˵Ҳ͹߳ȥˣϣܳȥ

ﲻ˵ҲһȥģҶмӣһֱ

һЦȻū澾ȥˣū澺͹ųڵĵ

㡣ޥЦŽ˳ȥ

û뵽հ͵ſڣĺҲˣͺĻײޥ֣ޥ֪Է֡

ū澼ڣڼ顣ʮֺޥء

𣬲֪кηԸޥ֪ʡ

ò˵ǰȷʵϣɵĽҲϣ򻹲ô졣

ֺЦ˵سڵĻҼһųڱλݣ泣ڸˣԸūǰףء

ֽһµĺϣҲû˵ʲôҲʲôӵȻ

ǰҲδʲôô˼գޥĲ죬ɿɣ˴󰢸磬Ϊ֮׵ĻʵûбҪôСڰɣ

ڿˣҼ˵ڴ˴ĳǻˣūǲ߿ҲЩƤࡣͳ峣ǸˣҲֵýύ

ǲū澻ȥû취ˣھūһذɡ

˵žҪ£ޥʱסˡ

˵ɷˣɻ￴ңҾˣһл

ޥҲǲʶ̧ٵˣɶˣȻܾ

һܱȶһ˺ã¿ֻǱϵѡ

Ǹãūͻȥһϲϲˡ

ޥ򿪺ӣһԺƯķΣӦǽڲ˴ġȻ͵ֵǮҲǻһˡ

ԭΪףأû뵽ָ뿪ãٹҲ˹ˣ˺

ޥʮֿģ˵֮ǰĹûа׷ѣ̫̫ͻ̫󻹵ء

ڣӦˡޥϲϲ鿴ʱֽ

ӸϣԸ

±ӦǮǺ´̼ԷӦЩĽˡ

սӦʹŹŮˣŸСӡ

ڣڼ顣Ӧһž밲ɫ

Ҳ̫ˣϻһ㡣ޥһĿ¶𱸡

Ӧ΢Ц˵ôһ㻹ûбΪأҿɲûˡ

ΣҪˣޥӦӡʵԷʱˮܿԱ

ֻǸȾףԼĽһܳ裬˵ȫûĽʵǲܵġ

ȻȷʵûУΪϲϣ취ҲΪ˲ٱ۸

ǵԭϳȻ࣬һֱ˵ȻСסߡ

ˣʵ

ôֻ֣ǡӦѿڶ˵һ˻ȥҧҧ´ż˵ֻǵԺ󿴲ˡ

ԭҾ˰ޥװתӦˡ

ȻǡӦе㼱ˣץֽ͵֪챿ûʲôѣ͵Һ˵˵Ҫ˺òã

ˣҽΪףصģֻʵûʲôõóֵģֻ㼸ƻϣԺƽƽ

˵ţŮӷϣƻ಻١

룬񸮸ȥģʹˡ

ޥЩжӦգӦһãȻ

ԺɲôˡƻҾһ֪ˣ´νڣٺúÿҡ

лڣͲҪȡЦˡӦЦһ޵ڶ죬һʹͶûУ˵ˡ

϶Ȥ

˵ԣһԡޥٷתƻһһȥ͹ٰɣҴԣ˶˲֡

ðӦǰһʲô붼룬ǰ͹гԹһΡ

Ҷ֪ʲô͵̫￴ϣõûСӦϵͳõʹ͵ޥ

ﲻǵƶˣֻҪ͵ﶼϲ

ޥӦϾմԽʱҲӦһƶ

ϴ˵һ֬ƺϲһֱʹã׼һп֬ҲϵͳƷġ

Ӧһ˵ǰ̷ʱϲպɡ

ޥЦϲġ

һӣʱٽʱ֣һ͹ȥ

պǵɵɵϾͲһգòĽΪÿ궼ǵӣա

ȻֻǸɣİ磬ʮֻֻϻģڹкܳ裬ҵΪѡ

ºͿףִ󷽣Դֲǰ߸ϣ빬Ů̫Ƕϲ

˲ˡޥ˵ʱԺѾͷܶһ˵Ц졣

ɨһۣޥͿɡɡɡɵȼɣλݸһť

ڰɡԼɶûɵĹϵãǰ˸ǹһġ

λµҲкüˡˡӦ¼ϡӦϵȵȣܼʮ

ޥüɵƽˣΨһĲλݱȹ͡

ö˰Ҳ֪᲻Ӧǣ˭֪ͬˮʱΪٳΪС

ܻɡޥҲҿ϶ùŹκһѹɵĻᡣ

õŽɹԺѴѹʿˡ

߰ɣޥӦ

ɶλʰ

λ񡣡ɿޥ˲չһЦΪǲˡ

ޥЦҲһСϣﲻҪ

ӦҲæԼġ

ˣʲôô˵üȴ¶Ц⣬˵ޥû

Ժһͨﵽ

ɵʱ̲סüͷޥһȻ˵ģ





24.  ɱ   

ɺܿ, ޥӦһ˳ȥ

һţͿΧȺеĹ󻹸Ű뾴ɣͬӵŹ

, Ｊ顣Ժ, ʰ, Ц˲ʧ˾񶼽

ɡĸǰ, ˣ϶Ҫˡ

Ｊ顣Ҳ, Ц˵û뵽ܳ

òض, ٳ, ǡһ, ЦЩ˺ܶడ, õԵá

ˣǽǲ, Ը, иλǣ, ϯѾ׼ˡɺ˹, 뻵, ̡

˸ŵһޥ˺棬ŹıӰ΢΢ü

ԭ, 밲ɾһһɣݲȵȣõĻİĳɥĲİ̼ѹĸ

һ뵽ЩֶΣޥһ벻Ϊʲôд

ǣƻɵ磬ƫóѡ



ΪֻǺԼһۣûôĹء׼һλϵģһλµġ

ˣť߸һޥӦ˵ȼλݵһЩһ

ޥ˸λãýһ㣬һֲü

֪ͨŷϲˣյĲûջٳķʢƽʱǺһءλµ˵ǳԵ׬

ťλãΪҵҡڴˣȾһϣǽնܿ˶顣

ȾƱһУ˵ҲǸһѣϣ¡

ףøٰ

ףٰ︣

أٱһ

ллλáɺһЦк˵յϯŷʱ׼ģûô뱸λú

ɴȤǹˣҪһ죬¶׼Щ

ҵԸأҸ˻ô㣿㣬ȳﴩ£Ҽǵϲ

ǵãҿҪúóЩȣɹ۲ϸУ֪ϲá

Ц˵տ˼ڣϹµġ

˵ЦһڵģҲ

Ĳһģﴩ£ޥҲسһڡ

ζ֪ǲĿζϵͳˣܾòôо

ĥԼͷǲǸϵͳԡҲûа취ϵͳϵͳʲôʲô

ĥţ˵

ǵõһμʱûǳĹŮڰ̷һתۼȥö밲ƽƽˣ벻

ʱһ֪ɻ£Ȼڵɵǹ𰡡

빬ʱϻûд󹬣һֻʱܳ裬ں˸ҵ

빬þͱڰ̷ʱǺò¡ֻг֪жÿÿ˳ĵ¾Ͷ˷Ǵ

һλСıǹŮײˣϱҪ𷣣첲˺ۣ׷Եɡ

һ֮²֪ʲôϲȻŭ˰ɡ

Ժ󣬰ɾûôܳˣ˽̵꣬һ޵Ļᡣ

򱻻Ͽˣ֮ΪӦ˺һ·硣

ڵʱ˵硣˵ǲСײ˻ϣ˻ñ¶Ҳ˵ǹײϣΪ¶ɵĶС

ô˵ϳɹλˣҲˣԺɶϾͺ֮ǡ

ڵɵ£ĵĿҲ̫ˡ

ߣű˵Ĺͷλʲôֵÿ޵ģʱ򰡣֪֪治֪ġ䵭ػһ䣬Ѿǰֱǵˡ

ģεص޳

Ҫ˵ɲһأɫɽ¶Ц⡣

ɽ˵ûʱ֪֪治֪ģű˵Ĺͷҫȷʵûʲôֵÿ޵ġ

㡭ɫһ䣬ĵɾȻҳ

λݵһЩҳˣֻԼǰζȣĶ˴ܻ꼰㡣

ޥɱˣⲻûȤ

ֻǸʼ滹ء

ɽ㣬ǲǽյĲȲθڣҼĽöϲЩȣܿĵءȰɻ죬Цӯӯһ䡣

ۡûסЦָϽסˡ

⻰Ҳ̫ˣֻû˵ô˶²족ˡ

һǺˣ뵱ϯ±˵أֻܺݺݵ˵һۣ˼¡

Ƴ˰һۣһôͰһЦѹԽԽܳ衣

˼ţֽ

ǰɾƣɶ߲ܣÿζһɵľܲ屭Ҳ죬Ȼûһ㣬֪öĽ

ڹƣ˵עʱԱߵľɺȻһУ͵վıоһӡ

󯣬룡

ɫֵָ̿ǰӣͼһƬ͵ĲҶȻһֻ롣

ⶫҲɫĵ³

ô룿

ŻղŻԹˡŻɫһףڸŻͶŻ

һΣǶٺõĵɶ̲סˡ

ŷģԲ룬;ɷǹģ

ôһŪ˭Ҽԣ˭ܼԣ

˭ģŭȳǲܸһ˵˵ˣõĻɵ˹ƶҪӰˡ

µŷǱߡưһȻҲµĺ

ŷĲ˴ûг£һ˹ݺġ

ɣǲ֪Ҫıģڿˣֱӽ˵ͷϡ

ϢŭһǸᣬ˵ȸ֪֪Ҳ޴ҺԼ£

ɺܿһǹֽţֻϧû֤ݡ

ҽơҪѵ⣬ֻ뾹Ƕһ£ȻŹ˹

ŵÿҪɸǾֵ˫ۣԭء

ôܣ

ֻ룬ôܻܷܶɣ

СģͼһӰѸٳ˹һѽ밴סޥ

û°ɣޥסĿǹ֮ɫùˡ

Ҳ벻Ļϣϻװˡ

ô˵ֻ룬Ų

û£ллˡ

ܰﵽҵңû¾ͺáޥ΢΢һЦ紺磬ò˶ơ

˭֪ΪжԹϲ޾ͰˣôˣʾãԷ㱧ȣ

ɡӦ˶¶ɻ֮ɫ

šϡͿӦһղŽŵƱ˲٣ˣٷƺе⡣

뻹ǻģ֪δޥתͷʵɣɵһЩӦˡ

ڵӢ˫ҲץôĵĶȻ˴ˡ

Ƶǰӹޥ

ҲӦ˹ڸ͵ˣôл룿Ī˹Žȥģ

˵껹Ƴ˾һۣɱ飬ʱе㲻ڡ

뷴ǻ룬ͱ˴ˣһ·ǻģôڲŷɣ

˶ɹ˵ǻָνͣ

Žȥģĳ˴֮ˣҲ޿ɣ˵ڼ˺ƣ֪˳ҵ˵زϧҵ硣

Ҳ˭ģһùֻ

òҪĳն֮˶Ȼûк³ҵſǡҲǻָֻžɱˡ

ɵɫһһףЩҪסôͻ˹

лûԭôºݺʰһ٣ͷɱϴװףǵ˾Ų˵˻ɡ

Ǵ˳֪⣬ƺԤϵļƲߣԡ

˼ˣֿޥһֻۣɣǴϿʼġ

Ͽ϶⣬ĪһҲǴԽģ

ĪҪʲôԺ˵ɣӦÿЩһֱΧ۵ťȰһ䣬ҲǸһ̨¡

ť˵ǡһϯǻˣͽһҲ֪׷ȥ棬Ϊʼû֤ݡ˰һ˳ˡ

ǣ

͹ĹŮжӣһʵģ

ޥ˭Ҳûע⵽ڵȴʱ뿪ˡ

ϯ˵˵ЦЦҲû䳡ֻЩ֡ťɡɵ˵ЦһԵĹ뾴ȴʱĬ˫Ӫμ

ʱһֺȻ˽ڹ˵˼䣬ɫ

ʲôİ粻ԶǶôչİģɫ΢䣬õغǳһ䡣

İ֣̲סһ۵ɣϵЦ⼸Ҫס

İ̫ˣҪŲšίѡ

ɫÿЩİϾǱһִҲֻǣʱ߲ɣİŵҲᷴԡ

Цſɣã㲻ᷴİɣ

˵ﻰһӭءЦЦܼԼȻˣܾùġ

ǾͺáԸ֣վʲôϽİ

ǣһ첽ˡ

ûһİͱ˹һžͿ޺



İһСŹ۾ģëϻ飬һίͰ͵ģۡ

Ӧȴӭȥһ½˱

Ӵҵĸαʲôίˣ

㡣İƺίˣģŸС졣

ǳǳһֻܵýĶӣȴһɵ˺

ˣǹҫ

ȻҲˣһܣһ߰޳ܣ֮ΪʲôҪѺǣ

Ҳ㣬ɶûа취ţΪҪĸءİһοҫζʮԡˣ㻹ʶĸɣλǡ

İǰЦ˵ԣҪˡ

ĸİؿŵɣʰ

ãúӡ˫һƬɣǾ䡰ʶݺݴ̵ˡ

Լÿİ˵Ŀ⿴ţİĺһĸ絶ʡ

ЦȴԽԣãİһ԰ɣ

⡣񣬿һ˫۾̲סȥİ磬İ类ö˹Ļ

ǼһӣİڹԱߣԸвˣιһĸĻ档

̲סֱɱİ

ޥ֪̼ɵĻЩ





25.     ĸ

İССڳŶ, ţһܹõǽ̵

һԵľɿ޵谮İ磬İҲֻ﹬ܵõôõĽ̵

ɲ𣿹ʲôóԵĺôĺȫİ磬ЩɵĿɱȲˡ⻰е, ̺Ľʡ

빬ʮ, Ҳʮܳ, ɾûһӡʹˣ޵Ļ, о͸ˣѾϾ롣

ǹãԼ, ҲߵɵĶӡҹŶʮԺָʲôʱԼһء

Цİһ, ȻҪúóšİǺϸ, Щϲ̨, İǰ, ݹأʲôèܸģ

, ؿŵ, ɲҧȴǸŭԡ

İ, ÿ϶ʰóԵľ, ÿľ, ľԽ˵Խ𾢣ɷڵĵ׾һ⡣

Ȼ, ⶼǱ̵ĺãЩصġá

û˵꣬Ȼоһ漴һͳ̲ס˸á

ɫһϽסֻͣϧûá

áá

ӶģȻһʰˡ

һʱ䣬˶˹огҲֻ

չ˵Լôʹˣڱ˵ϴøͣŪôҶûθڣҲйأ

ôˣİСɻʵ

ûáû¡ҪˣһȻͣˣô

ҪҪȵˮɾ֮ѸٻعЦӯӯѯš

ղŶˣû뵽Ȼ·תԴˡʱͣã˼˵Լأİˣ

áһ仰û˵ֱôˣһǵͨ죬˵Χڼֲȥˡ

áӲáȡá



ֱгˣԲ˵Ϳ첽˳ȥİ綼ˡ

İίͰͻһЩ޳

İ磬ū澴ȥָɵ˸ˣİæ뿪ˡ

һߣһЦȻ󣬵ǳ̶̵ð뾴ҲĶӡ

һϯû;Ȼλʵû뵽

Ȼأ֪ûŵţǰ뿪ˡĿ⺬ЦֳǣϯȻвۣϣûӰ쵽ҵ£Ǽɡ

û˹˵ĵңֳȻг࣬ޥҲڿ԰ʳˡ

γιɱǱ֮ǰĶˡȻһеɶ֪ҲûҪרŵ

Ѿһʱ͹һӣŸԻع

ߣȥȥ׼ʳģϳԻޥӦϲϲӴ⹬ȥ

ҪÿͳԳԺȺ֡

û뵽յӴ⹬ͱһһСӰסˣѹͳ졣

طiСϸߣؿߵôڲŻñ˿ʱˡ

̫ӵ£ΪҪȰʱޥúԩ̫ûǰ֪ͨô֪Ҫ

ҿھͻȥһֱ

ΪףڣΪ׼أĲӰطiԽ˵Խί̫ӵ£ʲôʱȹˣÿζǱ˵

Ҳԣޥһ͸жˣСƨȻΪףأΪ˲ϧôá

ץסطiС֣Ц˵лл̫ӵµңҽȥ͹ˣ֪϶ͻˡ

ߡطi죬С°ͣһ

Ҫ˺òãҸ˵ʱϴԣпڸˡ

ߡ

²ҪҲã´ĶҲȥˣڼ㣬㿴òã

ѽôô飡طi̲סˣ˦ޥ֣Сͮͮģûˡ

ˣޥֳָߣȻݡ㣬ǵȥȡһЩʳĻ

ǡӦתȥŷˡ

ݣСطi׼Ȼһķı

ⶼǺǰʹ͸ģ˵ϲ𾭣͸ˡҲǶõԺٽõġ

طiһģޥЦˡ

͵ķıõĻʲôã

л̫ӵ£رϲԺ󳭷𾭾ˡ

ţϲͺáطiװĻ첻⣬еЦȴ¶ġ

ڣҼҵ»һֻӣ˵뻻ζСͳڶһ򿪣ͼһֻƤ棬ⶼˡ

طiݺݵһۣСô£ǾԲ˵ģ

ޥ̿ȥŷãǽ⡣

طi´ѾЩȲˡ

ʱͽյʳȡ˻һЩ߲ˣһֻһ⡣

ޥԸȰʳ׼ãһŪϡ

ǣڡŮһϲڳ֣Ͽ϶ζ

ҲȥæɡӦó԰ʳʲôûṩֻԼŮȥŷæ

ĸһ׼ӾͽʳȫŪˡ

̣һ̼⣬һǼ⣬һǼ뼦צ

Ҳ̣һͷһһȡ

һһЩ߲ˣ߲һ׼ʮ̣ÿһ̶

ޥ˿⣬ªҲֻزˡ

ŹŮԺ¯ޥԽŷҪõȫ˳

аУһҪϣҾͶ˶ˡޥϵͳ˸ԸеϽһȻ󵹽ϵͳ

ԼĪӣڴǰùסˣƬ̣ͼһɫк˹

ͬʱһŨĻζޥݺ˺üڣ޲ýϸˣ

Ҿ֪㲻ʧޥޱȸжᣬɱ֮ǰּȡˣ

εĳɹԺͿԾԻˡ

ģ㰡ԺæȻⱲӾûŹôζ

ںҲ֪ġĿģȻѾв԰Ρ

Ӧطi˸㱣ǻǵһμʶޥʳطiҪôӴ⹬͵͵ţҪôʱޥѾˣӦǴû

Ӧʮƣǰ͹̷ʱޥ˵ҲûĶѵõʲô˵еʳף

ˣѹ̧ȥ˻䣬ŷŴˣޥڽ˵ʶ˻

ڣūæСԸ£һȥ

ūɡ㲻󣬿첽ȥŷ

ĬɽװϵĻ́˳ȵ¯ϡ

ͺܼˣֻҪƺû˾УΧһȦʽԡ

ޥȲһ⣬ҸؿҪǺóԵը

ءطiǿƲסˣźҲ˺öλûһαȵڣÿһڶ㵽

Ҳ̫ûпڸˣûгԹڵĻʧ

ӦѾ˵Ѿ֪ûгԹˣζһûŹէȻԵôζĶҸ

һʱ䣬˶ŬԸʳûһ˵ƻա

ζŨϵͳƷľŨϼŨԺһͳɢˡ

Ժɵ˱̿ˮֲ˼չȥ˵̫ӵҲڣ͸ȥùͷˡ

ôõĳգô㡣еᣬҲþûԻˡ

Ի˻̵סǳ̲סˣ۰ͰͿɣһģĿˮˡ

ԳԳԣʲôԣһŭˣû˵ϴȥ㣬̿˺Ͼûģ뺦أԺԲȥԶ

ء类ףʱίؿˣԻԻ

˺ˣޱޡʶԼղ̫ˣ绹ôСֱóû
ޣˡ

Ƕﲻԣﲻ㣬ĲģǲȥԻòãԵĻ˸һԱ

ﲻƭˡֹסᣬġ

ƭˡĨȥᣬǻ浱Ūˣ

ɣÿյĹӦ϶ˣ㣬ѹûмˡ
ôһ룬ܶˡ

ޥ˿ɲ֪ĽʣЦԵôûʱ˺

һʼһ˴ãһʼˣطi޲סڻⶼû춼Ȳ˳ֱޥǿȷ˻ȥ

̫ӵ£עǡޥ̲סѣʲô

طiСͨ죬Ҳ֪εĻǻѬģôһЩ

ϼݵչһֽʱԺȻһͨ

ɫһ䣬ޥطiһӦǰѻֶһˣ

ӦԼûϿԼԻ᲻»ӡ

ϣ꣩أѾ˹ֻ÷ʰ

ƽɨһˣǹڵĻҵԴǵǻܣȻԻҲ޹һԡ

ޥСֹûˡ

һԣǸԲˣ

ǡطi츽͡

ԻôԼֻأʲôҲ֪԰ʳ



ΪСûˣ

Цãȷʵûٲˣû¹Ҳֻʣ̣Īһᡣ

޻ܰ׳ǵģŹȥŷõ˹

ǣϡŹǿסЦ⣬Ǳں̫ӵ˰úܣߵ·ŵˣһ·˵ζġ

ޥǰһǰסĸ첲Цӯӯ룬һӣһ꣡

вˣĻɺóˣطiҲϲѸ֮ɫ



ӦҲڣ󣬲ſһԵӦ˰Ӧޥǰڵɹ̷ѹֻ

檼ϣϼ顣ӦסĵϲãϾȻע⵽ˡ

ţɣҪ˰֣պ˹طi԰һ⡣

쳢Ƕġ

ЦųһڣһͣˣҲûٳԻŷζȣԶԶ硣

û뵽ޥĳѾȵزԺʱøŲС

һٻ˳һʱȫԳˡǰطiѯޥ´ʲôʱޥҪԣϻ

Ӵ⹬һӻζֱڶ峿Žɢ֪˶ˡ

գޥ𣬲֮ǰ˯ȥ̷š

һ뵽ɶԼޥƣԺնСĽñץѱ

ϴ֮󣬼ţȻʹȥ˺Ժ

ɵסĴˣһӿװҲӴۣޥ֪󹬵Ϊʲôˡ

Ĳ˵ٿסӡ

ԼĪʱ䣬ɲϴţޥһ

ƳһۣסӣѵʲôζѬɣ





26.  ϲˣ   

ޥ̧һ, ûʲôֵζϾͿ֬ˮۣϵͳƷģζµ, ԲѬˡ

, ɹƾҲɣ

, Ҿ񸮷ŵ֬ˮۣĪ֬ˮǼٵ, ֵζ

˭˵֬ˮˣɷ˸ۣǻζԼŲ

ޥ̧Ŭһ£ȷʵûŵ

ϴͷϴ, ϴҲϴ飬ŪĲ˯, ôܻлζ

ŵ֬ˮ۵, Ųζ, Ҳ˰ɣ

, Ҫͻȥԡһ飿һ䡣

ôء

, ´עŵ㡣ɴҲ뵽һ, Ը׷뿪̷Űɡ

ǡޥƲ죬ûߵ

, ޥȸʢһǰ̧ۿ˿С, ޥ̸һЩ

ÿʲô, ޥܵһʱչ˵Ҳ綼Ҳš

һٷɵǲ, ǰҲ̷ţûôɫ򵱳Ҳᱻⷣ

ǳһǵһǣѧˣǲץѱ

Ҳպ󻹳ͲһλᶼҲš

ޥ۵ĲУص̱ϣǰΪ硣

ÿն̷𣿡ޥĲˣȫǸɶǶȴܻۡ

ǰڣÿһĴӦͳڶҪȥ̷һ֮ţΪ˾Ͳȥˡ۲ѣǻ̷ﻹã볣йڣһ̶ܷġ

Ϊ˰ޥֹһ䣬ôף

ݹ󹬣ƺֻɣ빬̶̰¾ʹӳڽΪɣĸһһ갾ģ

⼸ܳĵɣҲİűΪˣ˺磬űΪɡ

ΪӦ¾ͳΪڣѾǳѸˣΪ˹ƵӲУ

޶Ը⣬ʲôӣǺ

˵ûʲôٳ֮

ڣ⻹ʲôٳ֮У󹬵ȫȥѧˡЦʲôأ

ҡҡͷҲδأǳӵбﲻİ

ޥǰһ˵գ

ǰڵĳձҪϺ̫ӵ¶޲ڣû벻ʳǶȻˡɵط

⵹Ǹͻƿڰҵúúĥĥޥ˸ģģļƻֻûʱϸ룬ϢһӱŮȥǬ밲ˡ

յڳ˴Щûʲ˵˼ôɢˡ

ޥ׼عƻû뵽ޥסˡ

˵˻϶ȥˣ޲ڡǲ֪Ļôóԣǰڱ̷ʱ򣬱϶Ҫúóһ

Ц⣬͹Ӵ⹬ҲԶǻɢŵˡ

һϣһᣬû뵽ԷҲԲסޥʻ

ЦˣҲѧģԣҽ͸ޥû뵽һٻλˣʳǸķӡ

ڣ̫̫ͻ̫Ҳ͵ɡɺӦ˵أ˵ĽȦ̫խ̫ˣ

ɼ򵥹ܾۼʮǲࡣ

Ǹã˶׼Щʳģʱ鷳͹ˡϲüң˵Ҳᱻ

ΪЧҵҡޥЦЦŷֱ͹ȥǣ˶¶

ЦҽҲҪոˡ

ٽޥյķӳɹŪһϣպõɹеС̫룬˽̧ȥˡ

͹Ѿ¯ӣԱ߳϶˸ɫȣɱޥ׼ķʢˣ֪ǵɺͻ˵ĹӦ

ޥĶѣʲôʱܳΪɣҲӵôóԵģ

㣬˯ģɲˡǳǳһֻǹֱ꣬᲻ǡ

ǰҲԹҲ㣬ɾ;òãôģҲ˼Ȥʵ

ܰ䷽дԺԼˡ

ޥɫΣϵͳƷģ֪ô

ڵɼʱɽ㣬ɲ˵˶Լľǲ⴫ġ

çײˣñϡɲ˼һЦ硣

ʱ׾ͿˣǼ˿ʼá

ɳһھû˼˵ˣ̫ζѹֻ϶޲ڣ

ޥһЦԻҪ˶࣬ⶫԵľǸա

Ҳĳ̫ܲˣʱתʲôˡǵɣƽԵıȽ嵭ǵθŲס

֪ǲζģ͹ļȻҲ½ɢ

Ӵ⹬Уɶֳŵ˻˷ܲѣСҲֱ治²ɿԵÿģԼҲų˵㣬ɾǾûûζġ

ǰĳǬУҲڳԻŷԧһһ嵭ʳĸḻû˸

ǣϻΣѵͲˣһԳ֡

УùҲһԻ󹬶ŨĻζ˸ˣ

ڽˣǬ幬У۵Ŀ˸һ˿һƵĻڱǶˣֱ̲ȥ

ŹЦŻ㱨ɲֹأｫ˹ȥлһ͹ԻҲ˻

Ŷ΢΢üǱ˻糱ɣ

Ͻ𣿡ʵŹʽȥһԡ

Ĭһ£ȻԵģȥһȴ⣬ȥԣ˶ú˱ˡ

ߣΪҪȥ󹬳ԣȥŷ׼һ£޾ҪǬ幬ԡ

ǣϡŹ̿ǲúìܰ

ʱͶȤĳһڣһԾͲ̫⣬ԵҲ̫ˡ

ǻ

ϣǻ

ⲻǻޥĲԶˡ

еų˼ڣԽԽûζ

һţˣ͸㡣

ϣҪȥ͹Ź˻ȻģֻϲģǴ¡

ˣʱѾˣ´˵ɡƲ֣ʲôʱʼȻŷĶóˣ

ޥ

Ժﲻ֣ͣޥĲˣ

ޥ֪Ѿˣ֮󣬻ں󹬾ͳпˣһʱ䣬ÿ϶˳ԻֱҶԹβ΢ͣ

ʱ䣬ޥҲֳΣÿ϶ʱ򻹻̫ӡӦɵˣʮ֡

ڼ䣬ҲһӣʼʩϷԷߣɻˡ

ߵĴžÿ̷ţǱŻΪһҲиǱߵãÿΪʱɡɵ˶æ˵ޥпûаǳԡ

ʱһξͽ£ũѾʮˣڣԻܳԵĺ䤱˽û˳ˡ

ޥҲ˻ʼԱܡһθ˶ֱһܡ

磬Ūһٱԣǰ㱨˵Ӧˡ

ʱ򣬿һٱޥкӦȡһֻӣӦæܾˡ

лл⣬Ӳ̫̫ܳĶ

ޥȻӦһˮˣǲٶȰ

ѹֿɫôãûҽ

һСëҽӦЦЩӲеš

ޥƣ˵û˵ܾӦƺʲôÿ˶ԼܣҲûȤ

ʱ˽һֻɱõļ˷ܵػ㱨ڣ񸮽յĹӦˣū澻Ҫһֻֻô󰡣

񸮶ǿ²˵ģ϶ǿԵãֵûϿأŸôļޥ²һ䡣

Ż

һԵӦŻһޥʱһΣҲԴ޵һ䣬ӦûҪɣ

㣬ԲҲǡŻû뵽ӦΣ˫ͨ죬ûŻһޥڸоԾˡ

ôˣǲ岻һץӦӦһ£ȴûѳ

û£㣬û¡

һ£ޥɿ֡

ޥ΢΢ȣղŰûѴӦϲˡѹֽ˷Ϊ˿ˮ

ӦԼ϶֪£ȴǵ

ȰѶȥޥŪˣһǼѪ̼ӦӦ¡

ǡһͷˮż뿪ˡ

ȻûǹζĴ̼ӦҲûиŻֻĿЩ

㣬ȸˡ

ŸôͼˣӲãһȵ㡣

Ӧԥһ£ȷʵҪӦÿյĹӦ̫ˣ޷úð̥

֪ˣŵЩֲ̿

ǶȥɡޥŮǶ֧˳ȥ㻹˳˷š

ֻʣ¶ˣޥСʵж೤ʱˣ

һң֪ģҲ޹һΡǰЩӿˮûҾͻˣɻȥˡʼ£Ҳȷˣ˭Ҳû˵

ѹ̫ˣ±֪£ھ˯á˵һأɢȥˡ

ӦͰ͵ؿޥΪޥŸҸ˵

û˵ǶԵġޥǳǳһˣԭӦ֮Ҳţֻϧû̫ãˡ

İ˰Ӱ쵽İ磬ߥӦìܵӦӦһ԰ʱ⽫ӦʹС

˰̥С

˵Ӧܵͷ乬ӦӴ֮ҲûлУ¶ϡ

ֱܶѾΪϲ֪飬һжǹָʹġʱѾϻʺ꣬˵Ķ֣͸˵

޶գҵһ

ޥȻ֪£һӲ

ǰΪҪģҲ̫ãձ֣Ҫûϱ

㣬ô찡

ӦȻҲ뵽һ㣬硣

ǻ͹̷ʱж¹ֻ֣ûöԷóѡ

Ļֹ֣һˣЩԼӵģϣҲûӡ

ұ˶ԴοһССĴӦ

꣬Ҳ͵ﰲ˺ӣйеȫĪСˣرλݵ͵ĴӦ볣ڡ

Ӧĺ£ϱ˱ºֺ֣²ϱʱ򱻳Ĳ֪ôˡ

ޥ˼һ˵ǵϱǿԻʽǰҸɽ

ҸɽӦԡ

ţλݵͣҲñ˴ȻˣΪβǰҸɽʱĸӵİȫбϡ

Ӧ˼˵ͷ˭أ

ޥЦЦյߵ˼䣬Ӧ¶֮ɫ

һ

һ԰ɣвͨķӡ֮һҪƽӡ

Ӧҧҧ´ΪԼĺӣֻƴһˡ

ڶգ밲֮ޥӦ׷ϵɣһȥ͹

ûޥ뵽ĵһѡǵɣ




27.  úð̥   һ

Ӧǰڵ̷, 겻ǳһ㣬ͱĹϵ׽ˡ

ߣʮܳ, ҲǺв֮һ, Ը, Ӧİȫбˡ

ȻǷԸ⻹Ǹδ֪, ϾҪðźܴķաһûܱסӦĺӣӦָ

͹УùŮޥӦ˹Ϲ, 

ôп￴ˣ

ӦЩţֽ߬ס, ֹ

ޥֻ˵ǰȷʵһ, , ȥ𣿡

һ, ˹ŮɫҲ΢΢

ʲô£

, , ϲˡӦڹ˵˳Ͼ, ܲһֱޥæ

ϲǺ°ǱҪϲˡһ˿, ûǴĻӦҲһ, û뵽ϲ

ǴȥöĽ

漴üͷ֪Ϊʲôˡ

ϲϲ, ҲÿܱܲסеգرǶڵλݵ

㵣˶֣

Ӧ˵ͷ˵æĻݡޥȥˣ˵˳

Ӧæչһ֮УҲֻˡ

΢΢ף˵ӦõģǶǱȥģȻչЩֻǣӦסæҲܲܽ쵽ȥ

⻰ӦɫһҲûа취

֪Ҳ޿κε£Ը϶͵͵ģչ˵ٺãҲʱʱ̿ߡ

˼ǡޥȴɵĻû˵

ӦסȻɻɽչˡЦЦοǷģɽ

ƣȥɡ

ԼĪһӣɾЦ˽

˵ң֪ʲô£˵ſޥˣЦԭںӦҲڡ



ضŰɡɰ˰֣ڵ¶ɻ

˵ȻҪ¡

Ӧ˵һ飬Ҳ΢΢üȷʵǼǳҪ¡

Ҫ˵Ӧʵãһξϲˣ֪Ľɾ̫ĽˣŻһЩŤ

빬ô꣬ʲôֶζ˵ڶģ꣬Īز۵ġ

ӦסҹȻչֻǣ֪Ǳʲô˼ЦЦӦ鵽زҲװɵˡ

һ֪ӦǹģӦȻıӻܲܳ⣬ﻹŹ

Ӧʱɫһ䣬Ͻ͵Ҵûг㣬Ҽ㣬һ㱨Ķ򣬿һҲû˵ʵģ

Ц֪ûУͳͷͷˣЩӴδҹ鷳Ҳ֤û˵ѡţֻһʡ

л½⡣ӦղĲˣʱԼСûгɡ

ƹɡ

ޥʹԴԭΪɶЩȻɰ͵ĻᶼûУҪ

֮㻹ûл㱨ɼѯʡ

ûУŲӦһΪ˵õɵΣòиˡ

ˣ⻰˵˵ͰˣǧҪ˵ȥ

лѡ

ӦŻɣ֪ʲô˼ͬ⻹ǲͬ⡣

ǵɿڴԲɽ㣬ӦҲɼѡΪӦΪ˼ãδҲܿù֪УָôأͰһΰɡ

֮ҿˡӦȻסҹҿ϶úտԺ˭Ҷȼһ顣䲻ұ֤һʧһᾡľ

е˵飬Ҳþܾ˵һܱȶһ˺ãӦֻǸӦ˭֪ԺΣ

ҲǴӴӦģż갡ƽƽˡ

лӦϲѣһ

˭Ҳ޷֤һʧԸʩԮ֣Ѿܺˡ

ؿŰɡЦЦȺ֮󣬱ʱÿ춼ܿҲ˼֮ࡣ

лӦ³׷ˣЦſޥһۣޥ˵ͷ

⿿ɽҵˡ

磬ӦͼװۣҽһͷУѾһˡ

ҽ̽ϱʮֻϲȥһӦʹһЩӦܳ

ޥҲȥƻһ׶Ѿɣ׼ڶ׶ˡ

㣬лл㣬ҪıߣĲ֪ô졣Ӧޥ֣һϲ˫ն˵ġ

лҾҳһٰҿɶءޥգգֻۣǲϣӦøһĽ֡

ӦЦǵùպûһЩö³㡣

Ǹãȡһֻùȡ

ô˼Ʒˣ˵ġ

֮ͲҪôˡޥ˰֣ȻѹϲѾˣȥǬ밲λ϶㣬׼

ӦҲЦݣ˵ͷҶˡ

ţ취Ժ󶼲ȥ밲߶Խ࣬ĿܾԽ󡣡ޥһ䡣

ȥֺúûһԭģԭӦв¾ͱСˡʱǹߥһλĴӦλӦ빬߰ˣȴΪɫƽƽó裬޵Ĵָ

ȻӦҲΪͼӦ

ӦڵǰŮʱһεӦӦӦȴץУӦһ磬Ӧһֱġ

Ӧ˵ɣͽתƵӦϣ⼸ѾﰵﳰӦüΡ

ӦҸƽϣÿζĬĬˣӦ棬ټϹշ˶С

ôһ㣬ӦҲʣһʱ䡣

Ҹô˵أ¹ﲻӦҽ顣ӦΣԲȥͲһֱº˵

ޥĶ˼䣬Ӧҧҧ´һѡ



ڶ磬Ӧһȥ˳ǬɺչӦ·ٶȣӦš

ǰнݣСĵ㣬ˤˡ

лѡӦЩ˼ǲ̫鷳ˣ

պߵޥֳ첽ǰסӦҷ㡣

㡣Ӧ˼ˣҪЩҲ̫˰ɣޥţȷЩ

Դޥ⣬Ͳޥ

඼ˣǰϲӦһһл

Ψһ˵ͻУ֪ĻΪء

Ӧ˫΢΢һ죬ÿ֪Ӧû˵ޥȴ̲ˣһ䡣

ˣһξϲˣЩ빬ʮ꣬ӾͰˣڻǸӦ⣬Цˣ˵ǲǿЦ

㡣ӦҡҡͷޥӦˡ

һԵӦòð̣Ȼһ죬λûޥߡ

ݺݵӦһۣ߬뿪ˡ

ޥҲûӦм˵㵨ӵ÷Ŵ㣬˿ʲôԽãԽ۸һ㣬ָη㡣

лл㣬֪ˡӦȭǸӲһЩԺαԼĺӣ

ڴʱһͨ𣺡ﵽ

λݸߵкãܿ죬ͼһϤӰӳڹŮĲ´λ

Ｊ顣ʰ

ɣɡĿѲһȦ󣬶סӦ

˵ǽ֮һϲˣӦùϲ㡣

лӦæлʹԴ

һʱ䣬˶Ӧ˹ȥ˶¶Ľ֮ɫûһξеء

ر빬ɡɡģδй¶ǵĽᡣ

ЦЦЦȴδﵽ۵ף빬ҲˣһֱŬıˣֻϧЩ黹ûܸĵ

Щ޵Ĵǳ࣬ɾûϣߵɵĶӣ

Ҳ֮٣չطGһᵱϻʵۡǲպǵɳ˻̫󣬻֮ϣɲļƻ

ҲˣǾǰ˰磬ǻİλġ

Ȼİ磬;˶в

ɱæŸлӦûﰡϲô£Ϊڲϱƹܺ󹬣Ҫȴôĵӣ

ޥһȻ̲סˣǰӦ

üӦͼԷŵ΢΢ɫˡ

ˣôҡӴӦ˵ţȻҽһסӵϡ

ôˣޥԱߣʱ˷סӦˤˡ

ֳסӦıģһ룬Ӧֻñһȣ̶һ٣ǲ֪˹ȥ

ˣӦιȥˣޥۻ̿֡

ҽ촫ҽһѸٳϣһ첽˹ӦΧм䡣

һ£һŻعһ䣬ӦεˣǣӦֽĲɣ

ϴΪϣʹԷû˺˹ַ£Ǵ϶Ƕӡ

ˣӦλװΣԺˣ

콫ӦȥšΪ֮ƣֲֻܾˡ

ŮСӦ˴ϣûһҽ͹ˣʱ򣬻ѯʵؿޥޥֻҡҡͷʾԼҲ

ЩǣӦǹװΣʱҽһ͸ˣǿ֮

û뵽ҽ֮üͷȷӦˡ

Ӧ˾ţһʱ˹ȥ޴󰭡ֻǡ

ֻʲô˾ιȥˣǳ˵ϻɣ

ֻǡҽһ£Ż˵Ӧ̫Ժ߶ڴϾΪá

üӦǲ߶ҪѺôڳܷܲҽȻҪ̵ˡ

֪ˣҩɡ

ҽдһŵӣҩͯȥץҩҩͯ뿪ãӦ˹

ǡӦĿãȻȻεˣ

̫ղ˹ȥѾҽ㿪ҩˡͲ밲ˣڼҰ̥ɣһ˸Щ̥ҩȥ

лӦе£¾Ȼĳˣ

Ŀһޥޥ΢΢һЦ¶ĵı顣

ȹҩ֮Ӧޥ»Ӵ⹬ˣŶ˵ıӰȴ൱ˬܾߥʲô

ԽԽˡ

ӻٳɵ磬Һ󹬣ٵӦУÿһϵӰÿһζļƻ

һο˵ɺϣǾǱȻ

Ͼڹ

Զ϶ҲǴԽˣӦҲµԽߵݡ

ȥˣΪǿһҪ֮ǰˣ




28.  ޥƾ   һ

, ϿɲףԷȻҲǴԽߣǿ϶

Ӧøһδİᵱϻʵۡ

ʷ١ѹûʱͱ, Ϊ˼, һ, ϵͳֻҪÿδѹɹ, ͻӳһЩ

ֻҪ⣬ԿԻطGǻǬ¡, ԶҲ֮ϡ

ϼȻ֪ѹطGϣΪ˲ڻ, ǿ϶ѡְ˰, ҲѹϸӦߵôˡ

Ȼ, һֿܾǷʮİ, ʮİȰ˰ûϵģҲá

һ, ϶һվĶ档

ֻ˵̫ˡЦһ, ǴԽΣݵλر𣬾һֻ, Q˼졣

뱣˰磬Ҫû£

Ȼ֪Ժ, ͷ֮, ıδ

ڶ밲׳Լļƻ

ɣӦε, ôˣ

ӦҩѾЩˡ֮ǰȥ̽ϳһءЦŻشȴʮƣôĹӦˣ

ò˵Ӧһʵ֮ʣֱӱڼˡһ󽵵˳Ŀԡ

ࣿôУȴɫһ֪ӦΪλεˣһǱ̣Ե̫Ӫɣ̺󹬽õģ

ԩɶˣô£ȻΪӦ

˼̫࣬ʱڵشԩҴûп̹Ӧʱ˼˸һЩûԹ

㵱Ȼ⣬ɱֻԼġΪչ˲ûеӦӦᵽǬҪչ

ѹɷĻᣬһ

ޥ죬ˣԩΪ벻װⲻԼû

ӦڳǬ⣬ǵľǹԼˣúչӦ

벻ףҲһͷˮޥЩãȻԭﲻһ

ô£ͻȻתԣɺˣ

˵ǸеҲŹͻȻ˺ˣôֻһܣˡ

ԴˣޥȻ⣬η壬ĿıǱ֤Ӧĸӵİȫһ㣬Ӧסںδʲôϵ

¾£ӦŪǬֻΪ˷Ӻ֣ӦסڳǬû˰

ڹõֶζ˺ӦʱŪһ׮⣬ǻϹҲ̫

û취ͳܺλȨܳ谮ӦֻǸССĴӦظ˵

˼ˣޥ΢΢ӦİȫǹͻȻת䣬ԭĵ·

Ϊ֮ǰţʹùʶʲô

վɢ˰ɡٶԣ뿪ˡ

ǰɲɫôÿ

뿪Ǭޥһȥ±̸ӦӦи׼

ǬУӦԺ߸˵ɹ̫ԭϲޥ͵̽أ˵Ļϲ˲ʧŨŨǡ

ҿɲԲȥΪʲôҪһẦҵġӦŵòᣬǿڲԣеĵǶ˵˳

ڣһҪңˣҸǹ¡

ӦȦһ͹ڵأ˶ֹ

λû˵㣬ʲôޥϽ˷֪ӦǱϾ·ˣ򲻻¡

ȷʵѰ죬ٴһѹˣԸչӦǻϡ̫̫󶼲ᷴԡ

ǰﲻΪһ취ģ̣Ҳй֪ľĸо

̾˿ŮǶ˳ֻʣ˲ſڡ

ȷʵð죬ǸûֹɣһֲãֻᱻϿӦñӡ

ҲúչӦ΢΢üڶ벻׹Ŀġ

ޥ˼Ƭ̣˵ΪȵŪĿģ֢ܶҩ˵Ӧ㻳УԹҲ첻ʲôӰ죬ҲûдӦڻУҲûôӡ

˵ûǰһͬ˵ǵŪĿģ϶ӦҲ˵Ӧλݵ͡

ҵλȷʵܵͣﰴ˵ûҵıҪӦԼ˵ˣҲ䡣

Ӧô˵˭ǴӴӦ߹ģ˭֪ԺΣεؽһ䣬Ѹתƻ⣺ҵ˼ǣܿܽҺ͵ã͵ǳء

ޥЩȻ˵Ҳû϶Ҳǵ˼˵ǹĿǰ˰簡

Ҳֻɺ͵ɣ֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪Ӧǰ绹ǹ

¾͸Ѱˡü

ǲӦֻܰǬɹˡǳ֣һ˳鷳ʱӦǻȥ

Ҹλ鷳ˡӦҲеһĶʱôΪԼǣˣ

ޥҲüͷ֪ΰοӦˣһʮֱָõɺͻͶִﵽ˿ӦĿġ

֣ơ

ȻҲȫûа취

ͻȻزǾûչӦˣֱӦ˴Ⱦǹ϶㶼㲻ٱӦӵˣǹҲûҪŪȥˡ

ɲһַȱ㣬ѶȺܴܽ¶

ڴʱɺȻЦȻչ㣬Ǿչ˰ɡ

ӦסĲˣ

ģҪӣ˳ƶΪɾ裬Ż֡Ц⣬Ŀ͸һ˿ңΪβܽƾͼƣʱûչ˺㣬ҺͻȻʰʱٽӻҲûл˵

ޥпҪ˵ݻǵɺݣѹڶ̶ʱλáȻҲûãΪ˺ӦΪۣ˵ĻẦӦС

Ӧ죬˳ĬȻЩη塣

ɸ͵ҵǾõӲӦҪ֪һ仰뻢ѨɵûӣɾľΪıҲһնð˵ǲǣ

ҡӦɫᣬҲ뽫ˮԹֺ¡

ؿޥϣޥ˵ʲôǰ漸ζޥæ⡣

ޥҡҡͷҲûа취ˣҪǹ̫Ӧȥһ죬˵ķӡ

Ӧľˣֻ˵λġ

Ҳ̫ġɼŵòᣬǰοҲûô£ֻҪעЩץסѱͺˡֻҪлᣬҺͻɽһ

ллң֪ˡӦʹԴ·Ѿˡ

뿪ʱޥܲζǰǴȫʤһξȻѹסˣܲˬ

Ҳʶԭĵľûȹǿ٣ǰСˡ

ʱ֣ӦͱȰ˳Ǭ

ǬԭֻйһӣǰԺţֻ΢һ¾סˡӦ˶ǰ̽ϡɡһû֣Ц

ͬΪԽʿΣעʧߣ

Դˣеźϣֹ˳ʰһء

ϣƽ档Ļ˺ԺڴޥķӦ

ޥûʲôӦһһ׳ϣģÿλзݡ

һ߳һ߷žƣԼԼùʵ

֮ǰͻɹݣй̽˲¼϶Ҳ˹Ļɡ

ԼĽǶȣ֪лһԽߣҴƻԼļƻԼôأ

ûɣȻɵԷһ˰ˣ

ټӦߵýܿΪְ˰磬ԲŴӦ֡

ôһۣ˼·ͨ˳ˣľٶҲ˽͡

ǧû㵽֪ԭľ飬Ϊ뵽ޥ΢΢һЦ֪ôƽˡ

ȻҲ飬ҪùһͿأ

һתۣӦǬѾһ£ԭСֻʣ²µʱˡ

ʱ䣬ûŪʲô۶ӣӦҲη뵣ǽƽֻ̬ʱ̾š

ޥɵһֱûжҲȤˡ

ӦŪǬɲΪú̥

ЩȲȥˡ

Ҫ˰磬ԲӦڳǬ£ϾݴȲͷ϶Ҳ»ӡ

˼ȥ뵽һӣ԰ٰһͻ硣

԰򻨿ãﻹţһͻ԰һ׮¡

ǵڶϣǰ밲ʱͽ´ȥǻϲѣ󹬱ĵýʱʱľۻ֣Ǵʱĺ÷

ͻһҪ룬漸СϷ˭ܻʤнԸóһһΡʮΪͣͿ˭õõˡ

ҲǻȥˣĿľΪ˲μӣڸʵĿġ

Ȼһ˶ǰһرЩλµģЩͶǵǳ

˵ʮֵϴӦһٺ»ˣ󷽣

һʱ䣬˶Ħȭƣ޲ͻٰ̾죬ýӮؼҡ

ͻ綨֮մҾͺú׼׼ɡ˵ķӦ⣬ţӦҲܾ

ⲻ֪ڹ˵ͻʱޥЦˣվǰ಻סҪˡ

ôڣ벻ԭĵڣԭⳡͻ磬ӦӦСˡ

ɢ֮ޥ˶ųǬ˰ʱ֣ͻ㱨ˡ

ˣڸոգʹӦȥǬˣ͵͵ģƾ±˷ءȣô֪ᴫȥǬ

ӦҲûʲôʱӦȥǬʲô

ԺɡޥüһNɪ

һЦʵڣӦȥǬʲô

պ֪ˡޥһЦһжԭǺˣֻҪպͻ絽ܺúʰ

Уͻˡ

һ磬Ů̫Ǿ԰æʮദط˴Խ¡

ǵʱ԰¶ȸպò䲻ȣٻ򻨵嵭ˡ

԰ĸͤӣֱͤͤǧֱͤͤﶬֵļͤԱߵĳɻãͻͶ

ޥȥǬӦȻ˲һ԰ȥ

ӦѾûǬˣմԼСԺҲʮģټϹĽȷʵջվûס

ҪСЩͻ˶ӣ׼㲻ޥ֣ضһ䡣

лѣһСĵġӦҲɵӣԽ࣬Խ׳ӡ

ţʱʹԱߣĶҲȥ

á

ӦЦЦúаȫС

˵԰ʱ԰Ѿ˲ˣеڸͤģеڳӱͺɣе¿ʮ֡

һȺʱޥĲһƵĿ⣬ƳȥȻӦ




29.  Ӧ   һ

ޥü, ӦʱջĿ⣬Щӡ

㡭Ӧỽһ֦ڡ

߰ɣȥͤޥһЦ, Ӧͤȥ

ͤźüλ, ɾ, һʲôʱЦ

ŮѾ׼ò, ͤд˼Сӣϰ˹Ϲģй, ֻȹʽʼ

ޥʰ

λòض, ɡЦк, Ӧ·С, ʵЩûӦ, ֪Ƿ񰲺ã

лģáӦػش

հǬʱ, ȷʵµò, ü˯˯áֹûΪסȥ, Ҳͷˡ

ǾͺáҲһʣϾӦ, ֪ܲ

ɿޥӦ, ЦҲ֪ҪʲôϷ׼ûУ

ѳԳԺȺȣһѾ, ͡ޥûȤʲôϷҲ֪õ

Ϸ뿴յıݡ

ϣϷҪ̫ˡӦԥ˵š

ǺõЩرǶʮһٺ»ˡ

ʱҰ㡣ޥֱ֤

ӦʮָжԼ˳˾ĴǣӮȡֵ

ļ䣬ԶȻһͨﵽ

һʱ䣬ɢ԰е۹ʰ

ղض񣬶ɡǣǶȥͤͻʽʼˬһЦڹŮĲ߽ͤν洺硣

λˣк¡Ǳλݸߵޥ˲òɵɷֿ

ޥǳڣ½ģ˳ĩһӦĴӦãޥһ

źۼɨ˶һۣ¶Ц⣬ʱٽΣһǵ÷ֿ

ͻ翪ʼóö̵˵˼俪ףùŮϾƣһ

ޥһڣζԣ˵ǹƵ÷Ӿƣƽ׾ƺܲһȥˡ

ǰո˵ձСϷͬһ֣Ҳ֪һȥûкú׼¶ڽ⣺һϷܼ򵥣ǳ

֪Щûô飬ԽѶȽһЩֻҪͬ˭ҪûϢ֮͵÷һ

رЩûôģֻϥһ˼شԴ

Ӧã֮ǰڵǰ̷ʱһЩ飬Ϸ˵ǲôףؿޥ

ޥգգ۾ʾοѣؽš

ĿѲһȦЦ˵ǶгǾɱʼӦģһǻŽء

⧲ֵťԥһڴ˳ƺû˿Ѷȡ

Ȼֵ˰ɣڵʱΪ֮ף˵겻ôܳˣ˳ûб䡣

΢΢ü˼ԥ˵΢Ž

˼Ǩֵľɴĵǿ죬jianֿͷĳȽ϶ࡣ

֮󣬶ɡɡɡɶˣֵʱպһ֣˰ҲûǱһ

޹⣬ͷһƲôˣҪ˳ˡ

òģһ⣬ǼߡЦŰοһ䣬Ŀ걾Ҳɣ˴𲻳

л¡ɸмһЦһ˵ҲԻͷԲ

ǵɣ΢΢˼شԵһ档

ɴ㵽

֮ǼλˣޥۿžԼԽԽɴ

ܿ죬͵ǰڣڴһ䡰ü

ޥԺʱͷĳһ˼˸ǧҪǧͷĳܶ࣬Ƚ״ȻӦ

Ӧ֪ǽŻĲ֪亹ˣޥ֪ˡ

һץסӦ֣˲һ԰ͬʱСѵǧ

֮ʱӦ˲һˬޥ˵˳˵꣬Ϣʱ͵ˣ˶ΪһѺ

ɫ΢ȻûޥѣޥץסӦ֣תͷȥߣҪ϶£ӦⱭƾͺȶˣ

ӦоյĿ˹ȥĴӦûôˣûǱһ

ϷΣÿδ𲻳˶һȥѡʤ߻Ǻѵġ

ٴ飬ÿ⣬ȳʮ⣬˭ʤβֱȫͬ

һǼһϲҳ𲻳˻һٲ÷ƣĲɺõԾԾԡ

ǱͿʼˣȳһƽ¶Цݣһ˸򵥵ġ

˴ɽ

ǵɡ

ЦݵЩ΢΢׵һ⣬ʤǵڶ⣬ݺ衣

ŪīޥɫĴ

ЦݸЩﰵôǰ޶ۣζȡ

ڶ⣬ʤǵ⣬ҵ

ޥӦһۣѵҵڡ

Ӧƺе㲻˼ȡ

㣬Բ𡭡ӦشԴĺûãΡ

û£һһ㣬Ӯ˿жʮأҪһҲޥֱ֪ӦǲǷ̫ࡣ

ûаЩϣܰһͰһˡ

ţģлл㡣Ӧҧҧ´ʧˡ

˵䣬Ѿ˵⣺

ޥѵշ

ӦûӾֱ˵˳շ

ƳһۣӦǺû

⣬Ӧʤ

㣬ӮˡӦץסޥ֣ȻЩʤ֮䣬Ҳһηͷ

סŴһ⣬ҿٵôлʤ

ţ

תۼ䣬Ѿ⣬ޥȻˣӦûü˵ͱȡ

Ҳˣÿλشȷ˶ͬΪֹû˴Ρ

ڰ⣬ٻšֳˡ

Żɽһڴ˳

￩һѾˣԵ˶ͬǻʤˡ

ӦҲ̫ÿޥ֮

ģлᡣޥοһ䣬Ҳ취ˡ

ޥȣģԸʤޥҲԸǵɣĶԹ̫࣬ȫС

˵ھ⣬ѡһ൱ѵģǻԲ

һ£˶¶˼֮ɫɡťҲüͷ

ֻͬش𵹻ףԲֿͷĳһʱ仹뵽

ʱһӵشԲ׷ľ

ʱ˶Ӧû뵽˵ôƧĳӦеĻţȻޥģ֪ʲô˼

ھ⣬Ӧʤɫ൱죬ҲӦĳ

һ£Ӧ⣬ʤؾ֮ˡ

ɿӦЦЦӦ˼شԴܾԼʤ֮䡣

һ⣬ѭ浸ء

͸ˣԴҲ벻ԾؿͷĳʲôʮϢʱȥȻû˴ֻϡ

ޥʵ뵽һزУʺƧӦƧʣ̫˻ˡ

˴ԣôʤ߾ͻǵӦѡһ

ʮ⣬ֻеӦ⽱ֻܸһˡ

Ȩ͸ӦɡЦſڣϷΪ˵ȴһ̡

ˣĻʤ߾ӦӦѡһޱ˵

ӮǵɻӦ뿴ģˣܲٷڡ

Ӧмؿһ۵ɣѣҪʮ

˵Ҳӣһ־ͲˣֱҪס

΢΢ף̱㽫ʮ͵ӦǰӦ˵ˡ

Ϸ̫ãҲˣһϷʽɣҶߡڶϷǴ԰ժ˭ժĻʤʱʱ䡣

ժĻһ࣬ǾͿ˭Ȼͻʤǣжɡ

һͽˣ԰Ļɲ٣ŵʮ֣ҷֲڲͬĵطʱ˵ժ԰Ӷ߲ɣ

һʱ䣬˶Ħȭƣ׷¸ͤͤǰվá

һСЩޥ̲סӦ

û´ǹļƻˣһϷʱӦ

֪ˡӦҲǱҸոӮһأҲûӮڶءһΣ͸ͺˡ

йŮȼһ㣬Ϸʼ

һ̣ʮλֱŲͬ첽˹ȥޥӦҲжȥ˾ĵ԰˸ժһʢĵ

㣬ǱҩͶ㡣Ӧһĵ²ָŲԶ

ߣժһ䡣ޥһժһעΧˣ⣬λӦһֱעߣͷһ

뺦㣬һעҡһ䣬Ӧ΢΢ɫ

㣬˭Ҫң

ӦģһᱣģһҪЩע֪𣿡

֪ˡӦӦǰͶ뺦ٵСʱҲܲˡ

ժҩ붡󣬹ѡƫƧСӦһʱϲüңҲû͸˹ȥ

ʱСϴһҽУʹҵĺӡ

ˣسһӦ

ڵĿߣӦΪʲôҪôӦԩ޳ΪʲôҪģˣӦˣ

ûСӦʮ΢͸һӾ֡

ʱɡɵ˾͸ϵֳһӦɫʹڵϣϻѪǿһ

Ӧ򾪻ʧվһԣֽ߬ס¶ֻš

ãôˣɶ˲ǰһӦӦע֣Ӧ˺졣

žɺȻһ˦Ӧϣŭ澣˭ôģıʼãôĵӣ

ӦֱӱһƴˣһӹڵأġҲǹģġҵʱֻժһ仨û뵽Ӧں桭

㻹Ʊ磿ޥһ㵱ʱǹӦΪûҪÿ죬Ӧֻ¾Ҫײʯͷˡ

ޥλûԩӦΪͣʱ뿪ӦϵˡӦժʱһ£Ӧ׼ֻҪóѡ

ӦݵһϷˣӦˤڵϣָӦĨһѪ

ǣ߲񣬿ӦôƱ磡

ʲôˣʱ˵Ĵӵ˹۵׻¶һĨڸǲסĵ⡣

Ӧֽźô͵ˡ

ҪҷӦ⺦ӦޥѹӦ˵Ļᣬһʱ˵˳ΪӦ

ѽӺۣ۰ӦһŶʹҲ

˼ģһ˿رСͬܡ

Ӧ̫ˡ




30.  ̨   ϾȻ˶Ȩ

ɫ΢, ĶϣҪǿӦʹ࣬ϻѪҪΪϹƵˡ

˵ﻢ, òӦ, ҹкӦ, ôĵӣ

˵ףҲûӦ, Ӧֻ˰һӰˡ

ӦˤûСҲδܱס, ӦѾΪ 

ӦˣĿ¶, ôҲ˵

ǹﰵʾ, ô, £

, ǱԩģҸûӦ, 

ޥЦ˵ԩ, ҵҪ㣬ժ, Ϊһ仨ûУƫƫӦƫƧ

ҡӦ͵һժһҩ, ֿտ, ʲôûУ

ʲô𲻳ˣӦôҵˣĻ죬Ӧ, ⽫ӦѲӦԼˤģ

ޥƣӦһⶼش𲻳Ϊޥ˵Ķġ

ûСӦңȥһ䣬ŷ

˼״ĵǵ㻳ҲˣӦǹ⺦Ӧˤġ

ޥɫӦѾĬУϣ

úܣӦ춼˵ȻûáȻˣҲˡ

ӦкӦã޿ˡϼȻƹܺ󹬣ͲӲվͽӦ乬˰Ӧȥ

ԩģԩġӦ׻ˣô˹ĻŸ鰡

죡ۣڻںԩȴ˵ȻǲӦ󹬶Ҫˡ

Ӧʱ־ŭȫ鰡ˣʼվǰӣûпǹĴ

ôô޴˹ߥޣ

Ȼ㲻ʣǾͱ𡭡ӦһᣬҪ¶ĶС

û뵽һ仰û˵꣬ͱ̽ס͡

һŮųһ亹öּʱӦ˵ʲô롣

˸æӦߣʱʧ˵

ȻӦǾ仰ò˶ˣ֮£ֻ¹ҲѲ˸ϵɣ

ֻϧ˶ŭԣû֤ݵ£˭ָǿɲ뱻乬

ˣӦιȥˡޥ˻عȻӦεڵأɫҰס

죬Ӧ̧ȥҽηӦѸ٣

ޥһʱȥʱֻһůϮõغ˰벽

ޥһӦ漴ŮŽӹ֣Ӧ˱ϡ

£ͻҲٰ첻ȥˣǲݲճ

˲ʶջӦùҲӦ治֪˵˻ǲˡʣµΣ˶۲ֻϧòˡ

ͦĵģͻĿѾﵽ˶ʮһӶѣʮֻˡ

ޥЦÿģ΢΢𴽽ǣٵһЦЦĳ

Ӧͻȥҽ͵ˣһӦֻ˾ţ̥ǺȣûҪСļ

ɡɵ˿ȴˮ֮ǰĻϲ˷˲ʧ

ӦĲɣˤһӣ̥Ȼ㲻Ӱ죿

ȻоԼ壬պܿһ֣Ӧϵģ

Ѫ˵ôĵӣơѾǵһˣȻ̫С˶Է

Ҳ֪ΪȵģоеӡԽԽԽԽڲԾ

˰ѾӸȡ

ǣȥȡһѾӹ˶ڹǰ

һģ̲סļг˶ԭء

̿ģҲŵòᣬģôͻȻôģֶֿ£ԽԽˡ



ڼУȻһӣӵʱɨڵأһ졣

ҽҽҪݣҪ

˶ˣһƬհף״ɪɪȫԡ

Ҫݣǹϵͳһݵģ

ΪʲôͻȻЩʲôΪʲôʹ

һ˹⺦Ӧϣ

ء̲סؿҪݡ

Ů̸ϽԸһŮȥҽҽȻӦͬݸߣҽҲá

ʱ䣬ʹҴǬȵú䤱



ô£УסգӲӣһСˣĻݡ

ǡҽһæǰ

ûסǺҽҲһʲôɣô᳤ôӣ

ʼȻ˰ʱ䣬ͷ亹ˣҲûȻ

˹ˣûκжļǳﲻΪλЩ

ô£ȴ̲סˣԲҪ

ع΢΢ﲻҽֲҽô꣬ΪԼҽ˫ˣû뵽Ӳ硣

ʹ࣬ȴΪǽѣʵĻΡҪǣܿ

ƿڴԽŭˣҽȻʲôëﲻҪã

Ϣŭūȥ뼸λҽһκ̼ˣһʧ裬ЩūŵҲ̲ùӳԡ

ϽԸĹŮ뼸λҽ

ҽĸ죬һλһޣüͷ

⵽ô£˵ǳ⣬ͲûһƳ

ҽڵأɫѿ

ˡȲѧǳʵǡʵƲë

ܻץסһ豭˹ȥ

ҽǲܣһ˱豭жͷʱѿһӣѪ졣

ȥȥ

΢ˡҽɫ֣æ뿪ˡ

ء˸ߣʹ޳ԸġǴԽŮϵͳôܱ˭

ŮҲܵýһӶǿô찡

˺²ֶߣڳǬĵɵ˵һʱ֪ˣʱֺ棬ֻ

Ψޥﴽǣʱ䣬ҽѾˣҶ޲߰ɣ

βˣҪȬֻܵǹɢûʮǱˡ

ʮȥ˭ǵ¾϶ȥˡ

ùֻĿ֮һҪǵɺϽӦԡ

ϡˣôͻȻͳɺЦɣеЦضزס

˭֪أ԰մȾʲôɣã˵ǲӦȥ̽̽ҲЦıӦ̫ˡ

Ǹȥ̽һ¡΢΢ףޥ˴˸кϲ뿪

ޥûȥ֣Ůͷأɲȥùͷ

㣬˵ô£ҽ޲ߣɶһ뿪Ӧƿ´֮ǰһжװģˡ

ǱӦɡޥν˵κܿĻᡣ

ҵĻ᣿

ţ뿪ǬĻᡣ

Ӧ죬漴뵽ʲôĵ¶Цݡ

ޥһ½еڣĿĲﵽˡǲĺݣûֱӽɵֻӡ

һӦÿ԰ȹϼˡ

뿪ǬʱȻ˴ҴҸĿ

ϣϼ顣ޥһ

ЩĲɣ΢΢׵ƽǴӹģ

ػϣ̽Ӧ֪ôˣ

˵һӣȥ˼ҽë߰ɣһȥûѯӦŹעˡ

ޥ̫ȥ϶ˣҲֻܾܾܸ

һӣĿŭ⣬ƺɻ˳ͻ

ʲôˣõü˽ȥ

ޥһݾͲǰˡ

ͼվڴǰɫЩǣȫֻı顣ѹҳˡ

ϡһʱϣһҪȾȳ檰ء檲ݣһӰ

޵˻ߣԹ񣬵ͦġ

ЩݣοģһټҽΪ㿴һκӡ

л¡ءȻ޸ͣûΪĻ˰֣ʲôүΪʲôҪҡء

һ˹⺦檣ϣһǱȺģһҪΪ

ü˭ҹ⺦㣿ûв֮ǰв˵

ºͬɹƾ޾ݵľ˵ݺǲšҽ鲻ʲôë˭ôı

ûк˵ϣһ򡭡

ˣЩͷˣһ֣֪Ҫ˵˭ˣõ˵ʱͺúϢɣˣӾȻɢˡ

ϡţϾȻ˵ֻϾȻ

ޥԷ˸ۣǲͶҽˣûκƾݾȻͿտڰָ㶺ˡ

ǣ¾ģû֪ûŰ

ֻܳԸưͿˡ

ϣҶ⣬˭ͻȻѹġޥȵȰһ䡣

˵ͷҪ¹ղžͷŭˡ

¹ӴȾһˣô찡磬һ䡣

һըˣ˵ʲô˼ôʹȾˣ

Ϣŭ˵ˣֻЩİˡɫһףϽǸ

ɵǵҲ޵û뵽ͬ˵ɵĻ˵ëҽƲ˭Ҳ֪ô¡

ϡļֱһƬһƬҪȾԴˣ

ͲҪ뿪ԺˣɵɺͻɴΪҲĲ̣òΪҵİȫǡ

꾩һ컨Ҫ˵ҲӲͦһ컨ƣʱܶˡ

ޥ͵֣֪ץסᡣ˾ӻᴫȾùӵĿġ

ˣɵ˲ᣬҲҸᡣ

ºˣûƹܺ󹬵ĴȨȨףɾˡ

һûȨֱĹǰצӵϻҲûʲôµġ

ǣϣһϺɼֱϲû뵽Ⱥ¡

ʱԣףˡ

ȴòݿˣϱͰˣȻ˶Ȩ

㿴ˣһǵɸĹ˿ģȻϺܿҲڱıˣֻǲ֪˾ʲôҽƲ

û뵽Ĳ߻һͻ磬ĵ

һΣˣԲʹ䣡

ϣİ硭˳




31.  ҽޥ   һ

İҲڳǬ, ɣȽİӻȥչһʱɡҲ֮١

ȻùԼˣܲܰİ綪İǻ, ܳ

պõİĸ, ӻȥչʵġ

, ϡϲüңҹ, εˣ

Ϊλݵͣûа취Լİ磬ûĶ, İ̼ܲסˡ

Ӧˬ, ϲû˹Ȩ, İ绹˻ȵһĻ, ޺ˡ

ϲ, ȴķŭԼԺʱ, õԤ, û뵽汻ˡ

ʲôӻȥչһʱ䣬ɽİӻȥ, ٻ

Զˡ

û뵽Լò׽ƣһ֮ͱ߽øɸɾ

Ŀ޵ضŵ, 漴䵽ޥ, ܾһжޥɵġ

̫ˡ

Ȼùû뵽ǣӦҲûǬ, еķͬˡ

ǵ磬Ӧ͸˵ذԴˣһƶա

̨أ⼸ʵǱѹˣͷơ

˵֪ʲôʱκãκ֮ǰٿһӡ

ȻҲ˲ôˣһİɡɵˣǱͲܳˣһʧƣǸǿδˡ

棬ޥ˵һΪִѹȥġֻǸ۵ĳڣԷȴƹܺ󹬵Ĺκ˿Ҳ˵üʯͷ

ɹˡ

öޥϣһץѣһһŵιա

վΪӣ˵Ѿ˼

ûϵҲԣҲԣҽˣҪԼӲ͡ޥѾѼѼÿˣԾͳԣÿ¹Ӧûˣ̫ǱҲʱʱ͹

ôϲ£ȻҪúףһ£ϣһӲҪ

Ǻãūȥ㡣ЦЦҲ֪ޥΪʲôģǻϲϲȥˡ

һߣޥϥ𣬽һӽϵͳ

Ƭ̺ϵͳ³һ̣ѣֻÿһŶӨ͸֮ǰࡣ

㡣ޥ۾һڣȻιһţ֭ˮֶࡣҪ

һʱ䣬ޥÿն죬ǳԺ֣ǰϰţÿյ밲ȡˣΨһˬǣÿϻø̷š

̨ҲһЩ˵ûôΪޥޥǲġ

ǵ취ѽþΪ˲ǡޥĥ£֮ǰһֱɺӦҲΪԼǰ̴ˡ

˼ȥҲûλװ취һǻУֲ⣬Ųʵӡ

һɽĴУϸŸӣ֪˻Ц

һ취ǿԡָһ磬Լðײð

ãһױΪаߣڵʵҲޣɲ̫顣

ڶգޥ̷ţʹȥ˴һûȥ̫̫̽ˡ

˴Ů֮ͨǲűȥ

̫̫⼸˷磬ӲˬԲڴء

̫̫ճҩţū澴ڽȥ밲ɡú˵ţޥӡһֱܺá

ǾллùˡޥӹĺӣԼý˯

û㱨ӣ밲ˡ

ޥˣ̧̫̫ۿ¶ЩЦ⡣Ϊ㻹ңվɣ𱻰ҸȾˡ

ĸ˵ޥˡޥûģֱߵߣӷһԵϡ⼸ճдһЩ𾭣Ϊĸƽˡ

˼ˡ̫̫ĿԽָͣŴ˵˵ɡ

лĸޥڴ£̫̫һȻʵĸͷη

ǰͷεҩˣҲûá̫̫ܵɫף롣

ޥ̽˵ĸǰѧһЩĦַԻ֢״ĸǲ檿ԡ

ԣ̫̫ЩϲǰҵҪԡҷ

ǣӡøϽǰޥһ̫̫

˵ǲޥģϾޥɶ£Ҳû˻Ŀŵ̫̫

̫̫ԸһԣһǶޥΣĺܣκܻķų⡣

ޥָ̫̫ᰴס̫̫̫ѨȻ󻺻ûһΣһ˿˿̫̫֮Դӣ̫̫;ûôˡ

ˣƺûôͷˣޥٸࡣ̫̫¶ϲɫͷûôΣҲûôоˡ

ԸǾһû뵽ڻı£

ãٸĸࡣޥЦЦͷηʲô˾ٱǿء

һ࣬͸̫̫˰ӣޥֶˡ

ЧҲʮ̫̫ôһ࣬˷羹Ȼ׺ˣ´߶һӸ

ˣޥˣҵȬˡ̫̫ޥ֣ϲʤǰδ˵̫Ѩ˷ġ

ûĸϲ֣ޥˣҾӹޥô˵ȴǵúܡ

̫̫ǰ¶һ֣̫̫϶æʱܰѻˡ

û뵽ļƲߣ̫̫ͨ˷磬Ӷϵĺ棬ٰһЩɼ

ʱһģ϶άָͽΪˡȻβ⣬ٽƼΣӮᡣ

Ҫ˵ޥʵ̫̫أԺ𡰻ϼݵͨ

ĸôˣԺЦֺ棬ǻĸġ

һ濴ĸϣ壬Ц棬û˿̬Ȳѡ

ǣĸץޥ֣һĳ֮ɫͬŮһ㡣

ʵˣ̫̫ã˵ɡ

ĸ˷ˣ̫̫ߣ´һۣǲš

ϻ˻㱨˵ĸͷηء

˺ˣⶼޥޥǰҵĸǰ̫̫˿ԼĿޣʵ˵ޥ˾͸Ұ˰̫ѨҲͷˣӲˣ˷綼ȫˣղŻһء

֮£ŵؿޥôû˵̫Ѩ˷磿

ɲǰ飬Ҳء

Цû뵽޵ڻı£ϴԼȾ˷纮ôôã

Ҳǰ̫̫¶ɻ֮ɫޥϴǲһء

ޥҭ޲ýס˾֪Ҳ磬˳̫̫Ļ˵ͺ𣿣

ػϣνҽ߲ҽҲˣֻܰˣﲻԼ

΢΢ףҲ֪˻ûš

ޥû˵ǲų檣ҲΪϰһ̫Ѩ

Ϊް̫ѨʲôûһЦҲ̫֤Լˡ

˵ϼǰȥľΧʱܹˣ˿ȻȬˣÿ궼ʹ

£ôΣ

Բţëҽβõġ

ޥüܲΣԹ֪ˣҲһʱ䡣βãϾ͵ݳ֣κˣϿɲܲˡ

濴һۣޥ˵ģţ

ʵۣޥ԰ɣһκˣҲȴһ׮£̫̫ԥԥЩˬ졣

ʱҲˣĸ˵ǡȻˣޥ԰ɡ




32.     һ

, £¶˺󱳡

ĺ˰̣һһ, ǵһȥľΧʱϻ˵ġ˵ҽʱ˾, , ˰̻ǲɱˡ

Եǿϣа̺, Եǿڼۼ

ɶڿ˵鲻ԵĲŸʹ, Ϊ˵˽ǣÿ춼ʹ, ҽ˺ܶ취Ҳ޷ȫ

ޥִĺ, ֱҵǿ鲻Եİ, Ȼᰴ˰

ʱƺһ, ͷ亹ˣЩޥ֪ġ

ϵ̫, õ, κá

˵ĵЦˣκ֮˵⻰ɡ

ǳ檾Ϳʼ, ŵ㡣ޥղһ֪Ե, ֮Ի, ΪʱͷûȫӺãðһ̡

̲û취Ūģ

ʳжָסǴ, һʱŷ˿ڡӰֻһůϮһ죬ޥƺе㶫

˼䣬һʹʱҧأûͨȻ϶亹ľ

ڵҲ̫ˣһһûκãƾ˼壬Ҳˡ

ޥȴ޶ԣղһº˳ɹڵǸϸϸĴֻ̣ҪϾͺˡ

һΣȥľº࣬ͬϸһ㣬Ǵˡ

Ҳʹˣúܵı۾ɫꡣ

־ˣҲ̫˰ɣϸղŻʹú䤱һתı۾Ƕڵôˡ

ⰴĦЧ

ΪƱȽأޥγ˽Ӳ֣ܵĵ߰˰ˡ

ޥеΣýκˣεһûǶͶˡ

ϣѾƽˡޥջ֣·

˫ۣղžȻ˯ˣ˯ü䰲ȣöûйˡ

Ǵˣûκθо˰ȫʹЦ

ȷʵЩ£ⰵ˾Ȼˣûȫõһ֪

ϲϡЦŵأô˵ٻڲˣ˵ڵЧġ

̫̫ҲˣҾ˵ޥб£ƫš

ӶˡΣǰôûĸάˣ

Ȼޥκ㣬ܸеʾɡ̫̫۵ޥκ˷ͻʵ۵İˣⶼνҲ̫˺ˡ

ޥæ˵Ϊĸͻʹǳ檵ĸ֣Ҫʹ͡

治ҪˣûǵһθޥʹʱԷȲӹȥģ

ĽͣȻҲҪޥҧҧ˲˰ɣ㲻λݣôͼʮӰ

̿ûޥָԵˣͺҪ͡

Ǳ㣬»ûޥ㣬ȻÿɰϾޥȷʵ˲СĹ͡

޲ĵˡֻشĸйؽΪˣνʮһ̡

л¡

ޥǰһл֪Ϻܴ󷽣

˵ľֵˣҲ˵ЩˣǽΪˣ͹ϲˡ

ӽڲȥ̷ˡ

ޥصӴ⹬ãŹͽʹˣҵʥּ

Ź뿪ãǱҲˣ¹ʮŮʮ̫๩ޥѡ

ޥ£˵Ů̫࣬ȳڶĸˣȻٺҲһһӡ

֮⣬ÿչӦҲһЩĵļѼÿ˰ֻ˲ҶӦ

ΨһźǣֻסСýΪɣܳΪһ֮סϴӡ

գޥĸ˳۵£ڵϸˡ

ܽ嵽Ӵ⹬ɣ˽Ů̫ల嵽Ҳ֡

ЩֻԺɨĻ˸𣬵Ҳıʲô

ޥΪˣԺɵһʱ֪¡

Ƚϵ͵Ҳûôޥ鷳էȻ˵ޥΪˣǾˡ

ϲǲŽûôôֱˣ

˵򳣡˽ðĦķ̫̫˷磬˻ϵľɼһʱˣŽ˵ġ

ȥϢ÷Ҵһ㱨ɻҪ𾪣ʲôʱ򻹶ҽˣ

Ħ˷ͻϵľɼɿɵӰ㿴÷ףҪǰҽʲô

÷Ҳɵİ

¶ѾˣǴ˵ģزм١

Ҳ̫ˡɲţô£֮ǰԼȾ˷纮Ϊβһ£

⡭ūҲ֪ˡ÷ɴ˾ô˵İ

ģΪʲôͻȻ˰

ɳĬƬ̣Ȼ뵽һ£˵ı£ǷҲ

˼ǡ

ɹͻȻӾģôҽƲ

ò˵ʮֻ룬ȻҲΪʮޥܽһЩõĶޥ롣

ޥǵ룬ղ˰ĦķǴʲôġĦѾϿɵġ

ɣôĵӣ˲ûдﰡ÷һͷϣ˵λÿҪˣ

˵Ҳԡɴ롣

ҲƾùôɣͲˣˡ

Ҫɣں

µǿԸ˵˵ȥβһȤ

ΪҪ÷⣬ǵ𣿾ƲϵˣϵҲôˡ

ֻǾ̫ˣտǰ˶ȥȤ󣬺һҶ󣬷۳ûǺ󹬣Ҫƺġ

ʱҲ㿴ˣû˹ҲûùȥϾɵĹϵҲô

˫Կ֡

ңһ뵽ϸ;ȤҲ˼ۺˡ

κùְѳ˽ȳβùָϻɣɲñȻϵİΡ

ǣ̫ˣ¶

ޥֱ֪ɶˣպܿģ˵ɡɺӦϺúһ¡

˶Ӧˣֻ˼вͬ

ӦĿɬۿպѲлֻǸӦĽ

ûг̫ãҲ֮ǰЩӿһֱءûкƶסˣݴֵһǡ

Ӧɵƽ࣬ޥĽ࣬ޥڻҲûʲôϵֻżãԼ˵۹⻹

ڵɣЩˡ

ޥѡΪӦΪ˵ģϾޥߺü꣬ҲϣޥϺӡ

֮ޥڣҲеˣޥܳһЩҲһְġ

ޥڶ̶ʱֽΪˣڸоΣȽٶȿɱˣ⻹ûлӵ£

ԤһޥУֻºӣȻᱻΪɣʱƽƽˡ

ָоܲãͷ·ȥһ㣬ٴȣҲԽһ̷ԼĹŮԼƽƽԼͷȥ

ʱЩᵽɵ˼ˣɲΪڶɡ

ϵܲȥͱֵ̫ˡ

Ӵ⹬С

Ϊ˽ףޥ³ˡ

ϵͳһ̺⡢һöһСĢ

ֲͬҪȥֻǰˡ





33.  ȣ   ~

, Ӧˡͨʳеޥѡ

ޥһ֣ǰӭ

ߵſڣӦͽ, ǰǬԵ, ɫ, ҲЦݡ

㡣ӦЦŴк

ã, Ŷˣ͵ǹءޥӦ֣˳Ӧһ¶Է, ֺƽȡ

㰡ʲôóԵģӦǰһ, ʳʵ̫, ʳ

ޥһЦҽ, , öһСĢ, 㿴ϲһ

Ӧϵʳ, ƽŵ⣬ʱ㡣

Ҷϲ, 

ϲһͶԵ㡣ޥˣЩ˿ϵͳƷ, ϲŹء

˵, пˣޥһֵһġ

, ޥһ

òؿտϲ֮աһѣ֮̾Ĳ࣬ϵĽٶҲ̫ۺˡ

ʲôóԵģź㰡ЦŴȤһ䣬ޥһͬݡ

ޥֽһԼĲȣˣмģҲɫζȫ

ªȲλģλﲻҪ

⻰˵ģɽôóԵĻԲءݸ֮ǰԹޥĻ֪գ̲ס̾

ֵĳգγܻϵĳ谮

ޥ˵ǴԺˣӭʱ

ǸáһЦô˵˭ֺ˼Եģ

ϣȹϲޥȻһ˾һƣӦΪܺȾƣԲƣޥܿһ

ô룬ٱϱڡ

뿪ʱɶģȻôá

ϣޥڴ𴽽ǣȷʵͦĵģҪԺÿ춼ôľͺˡ

һطѾĸ£ĸ¿˱һӲ·ɶ˵̫ˡ

뾡ʵʵȫɣȻһ뿪硣

ôôɵȻһţյ˵ȻֻϵͳԵĺȵģĶ

ϵͳܽŽȥĶȼǽȥǲǿԵõʯ

ˣͿѸٽʵȥˡ

˵ޥĳȵȻ۳һţȫϵͳ֮С

ĵȴţκһζҪڴ

Ƭ̺ϵͳȻޥһĶͼϵͳ΢һһȭͷĵɫʯͷ˲˳һѽסˡ

ǿʯͷޥֱЦȻһ鼫Ʒʯɹˣ

ƷʯԭȵҲõƷһ鼫ƷʯԻһǧƷʯڼ̵ʱ

ޥʱҲ˯ˣϥʯ

һϹȥʵһأȵϹȥĸµˡٶȥܽڡ

ļգޥҲˣһͣʱڴ㶼ǲʲô⡣

ϣޥֻһˬͻƿڣ

ڣ˹ˡ

ȥǬ幬֪кҪ£ޥʮƣϵģȥǬ幬ʲô

⡭ūžͲܶ˵ˣȥ˾֪ˡŹɫģޥҲ׻ϲǵǡ

Ȼˣ·ɡޥҲö룬Ӧòǻ£˵ǰղŰء

Ǭ幬ޥů󣬿ۡҪ˵⵱ʵҲǼ£رǿģÿճһҹ;ϳۣԼʱ䲢ûж١

ȻżҲԼŸ٣ÿ죬ǧǰľΧԡ

檼ϣϼ顣ޥ˼²ŻϽĿġ

ɡ˵һ䣬ȿһۣ˱עſޥ

ϴΰްĦ֮Ч죬޵İ˶ˣӦȬˡ

Ǿ͹ϲˡޥЦЦŻϵģԷ϶ֻ˵

ȻʵĦЩʲô˵ƵķΧ㣬ƹ㣬øѧһѧ

ޥ΢΢üǵˣǲ˼ӱ˿϶ѧᡣ

ϸĥһ£ŻشƵķΧ㣬ҲͶ˷硢ʹͷĿѣЩЧϾֻһְĦܰΰٲ

ң˸ųѧϰ˷ҲδؾܷӳЧ˶ġ

˼ǣ˶û츳ߣ̿ޥͦԴ޵ġ

ϣʮУг״Ԫһ츳ʲô֣ޥرһ䣬˵Ȼ

ðɣˡĥƬ̲˵޽սʵȥܲΡǰչҹˣҲ˵κް˵£һԡ

ܲð죬ЩӴҲ˲ҽûһ˵Ȼģ˵ˡ

ȻҲûǿ˼ϾİĦҲʲô֢״Σֻȥ

ޥһ⻰ޱȿ⣬԰һֻԼˣȻϣ

ȻκùˣΪʲôҪȥΣòײŰѹʰȥ

ǲΣֵı˵л˵ⲻκáǻϣҲ뷨ɣ

ԭҳ檹Ϊ£ǳҲֻ̹ˡ檵İĦʵͨ磬ͨˣһЩ֢״Ȼʧˡ

ɳ檲֪ģҲȷͨ˾ûЧһЧֻ»ᱻ˵ģһЩ˳Žӵ˱ĵط檷

㲻õģ۽Σ޶֤㡣ԥҲ֪ȷʵΪˡ

Ħֻһβķ֮ʲôκá

ҲǵȲ֮ˣҽҽûа취βãҲûйĵ

˵檾ͷˡ»õ֤ͨΣޥҪľǻϵıֻ֤ˣŻȥһԡ

ȻҲֻһԡ

û⣬߰ɣȥǬҲˣվޥš

ԴӹǬſȸû˸ˡ

ޥԺйŮҴҽȥͨ

ԸϽӭͷϴһɫɴñסա

檼ϡءΪⱲҲˡ˵žͿһԹ뿿ԥԥ

Ｊ顣ޥޱһ񣬹ôװ

ҲˣˣãһҪæκñޥʱһϲǰһһãޱȡ

ޥһƤ񣬹죬ǰ޲ý乬һ˰ˣվȻװôС

˵޴˹ǰ㿴ģҲ̫ϣ˵İĦ֮ƺܴδؾӡ

ҽϵİ˶κãƳӿ϶ڻ¡ȴһץסޥ֣εʵã˵ǲǣ

ҵİĦ֮ûô棬򲻸ýаĦ֮ý֮ˡһᾡΪƵģܱ֤ҲûЧҲӵط

ǴӦұΪ㰴ĦǲӦ֮±ˡ

ޥŲϵǰѻϰĺôˣܲܵŻϵ淢衣

ɿ֣ɫ˳˲κñֱ˵òĨǡ

û˼֮ǰڻǰҲ˵ˡޥίˣͰ͵ؿſҪ





34.  ɫ   ʹ

, Ҫǿѣôҽҽûκ㣬ô϶˾һа취òˣѹޥǵ֤, ʱȷʵţǼˡ

֮ǰѾӦ, ͬеƵĺ, ͬ㲻Ρ

ϡɵˣôѵϲϣ

ͻϵϸɵ, Ͽ϶а취

ض˵ͬ⻹ǲͬ⣿Ҳùе, зǵǿȱ˵ģ

޵ҧҧϵ׸Ϲʲô/ôôĻһȫ, ˣ

ǲͬ, һϣҲû, һ´, ӲŪأ

ʮƣԭΪǸϳһ, û뵽ǸԼ⡣

ͬ, ͬ⻹˵ҪޣԴ˻ϵע֮, ܾԼûôܳˡ

ţͶ, , ɡЦŷԸһ䡣

ǣϡޥӦ֪һһѡ, 롣

һֻۣɴñţ˭Ҳû

˯ס˿ϣͲҪȥˣ檵㡣

Ҳգ޾ȡ֪ޥֻҪһʱ䣬Ҳá

ֻޥŹݣԥԥѵɴñʱ¶Ǻɫʮ

ϣΪ֪һжĽ

ˣûı£ﻹڴϣҺΪ㰴Ħޥɫ䣬ָԷ磬Էû֤ݡ

Цһ˴ϣ˫۱ţǲԸٿޥһۡ

ޥְס̫ѨʼᰴĦξֻǰĦûйκҲ֪̫̫ͻʲôоΪͨͨİĦû

óϣϵİĦ˯ˣ˯һϳûʲôô죿

һӹȥûκα仯ޥ̾һ

̾ʲô̲סˣޥ

ѾĦһӣû˿仯Ĳ֢

ⲻܣˣôܺЧ˵̫̫˷ҲͰ˲һӣͳ׺ˡ

Ӿ㲻ȬҲе仯ɣ

㣬ǸҺŪԲ㣡

ϢŭҷѾ߾ȫΪﰴĦˣԼҲоҲûкŪ

һŸأôһЧûУ

ޥΪĦְĦһӣޥͣˡ

ˡΪĦЧѾ㹻Ȭˣɼ˷ȷʵЧ

ⲻܣϣĦγ׼ˣ͵קסޥ

˭֪̫קޥ߷ӣѵһ졣

ô£һ첽˽ͿľٶޥίͰ͵ݡ

Ȼҽһ˫ָæסԼȻһǱˡ

öۣô꣬ױã˵ûиǲܵġ

ûЧԭί

ϣΪﰴĦӣû˿˵ļĲ֢ޥһַӣź˵

ˣҲ֮ˡȻҲź֪ⲻޥ

ϣȾȳ檣Ⱦȳ檰ءˣΪʲôƫƫûЧһһǹģ

̾޻ΪѰҽȺúϢɡ

ޣҲˣٱϿ»ʵ䷴

뿪Ǭ󣬿ޥͻӴ⹬

֮¾Ͳ˵ȥˣĲòҲġ

Ϸģһ˵ȥģҲϣȬޥһΥĵ˵š

ţͺˡ΢΢ף뿪ʱ鲻Ǻܺá

鲻ãޥȴرãʼնûˣų˲˵˷ỳɹӾģٺһ

౻䣬㻳Σó֤ݲС

ޥû˼Σϣܼ鼫Ʒʯ𵤣뿪طأ

ʱ鼫Ʒʯ꣬кڶпܡ

һ뵽ͿĲѣǻȥȥˡ



˵ޥͿ뿪󣬹ʹƢ϶ˤһΣŵùŮ̫ɪɪһ

ԴӱƢƺԽԽˡ

ϣһǺŪܱȻϵİΣǹģñ󣬹ñطȥ

ߣΪܴ򵹱һ뵽ӵİ취ʱһҪÿ

̵Щùˡ

һˣĿһЩҲźüأôƹ˰ɡ

ҽûа취ô϶а취أҲ̫ˡ

˶Ǹŭԣͷأ˭˵˭ù

˿ʱ˶ƣ˲Űݣߣֱʲôʲô˳ۡ

̣˵κ˷Ͱ˵İĦʵ

ūǰû˵Сش

ǣҲû˵أǸϾͻᡣЦһ˫иֳһĨͲʲôĦ֮һа

ɫˣҴˡ

ҪǴȥҪΪˡ

ñˣƺ롣

ū澲ҡ

ˣҲ㣬Ͼʶǳܶණʱ֪Ҳụ̂Ѿ˼ƽϡ

ȻԽܰϵͳΪβԣϰ󶨵ϵͳͰʳҽҽܿĳֵ

Ȼ𼸸ǰˣջٳʱȻ첲һƾ͵Լϡʱûж룬ڿȻҲΪˡ

յ˵ȻԼȻòֹһйء

ģԭôͶˣڹĿ

˵ʿȻʵ

˵ԥԥ˵ɣǲǴ˵е𣿡

Ҳδأܻ֮żһдһţ취͸Ұ꣬һҪֽ

ǳǳһȻ϶Ǿֻҵͬˣ˵κӡ

ʱһԭα¶

ǡ̾ķˡ



ޥһ£˵ʵ۶ҪȥϾ˶ӣǴɵĶ

Դս͸¶ɾһֱųǬտ˶

û뵽ǣϲûȫˣǲǸ˹ƣôû

ϧҡͷ̾Ϣû뵽ҲûãŵĻᶼץס

ˣҲ£عʱĳˡ

ޥȻ֪˵˼ʵͣкڣܽʶſסϽˡ

ȫʱô⡣

ʵˣ߻ѾҪСϷõˣǽԷ֮

Ӽ򵥶̹֪͹ȥһ¡

̶һµʱ䣬ɹڣѾͨʲôǹˮֶֻСϷֻҪǧܴԡ

Ѿȫʹȥڵˣ

ޥ뽫ʵһ㣬Ȼǣ˵İ취뿪

ڣǱͻȻ˶١һΪҵһʿαװ̫౻˻ʹ




35.  Ҵޥ   һ

Ǭ, һʿɫȻϣԱߵĹɫĿ¶Ρ

òλʿǼ˻˺ô󹦷, ˵зݵ֮, ɣ

ֻʮͷ, ʵѾˣùĽĲС

Ҳഺؾ, ˭˻裿

ʦΣ

Сˣֻ֮ѧһƤë, ҵʿǱְ԰֮˰ܻˡʦ۲мԴ, ĵͬ

ʦ˵û, ȷʵ޳, ְ԰ڡߵĸһ, ֲʦ

¼򵥡ʦһۣ漴һ

ֻоһůϢӿ, Ȼûиоˡ

, ϵˣؾֱ˫ۡ

Ҫϵж, ҪΪǼٵˣλʦɰɣ

þԴϲ, ̧, ϹȻ⻪һƬ

ŮæһСӣһЩϲ

ò绨, Ƥ⻬ϸ壬ҲûУڱκˣ

ллʦллʦˮһӿ̫ˣµӣȻûˡʦȻǻɣǻɰ

ʦ˰֣Ц֮ͣҳݡҪл͸л١˰ɣ١˻ؽҳɽġ

ô˵Ҫúллʦʦ˵ֻǾ֮ͣɶԱ˵ȴһӵ¡Ĩȥᣬίѹҵ˳ڣڳˡ

˵ԶԶһҪϸۣ

ʦһ֮롣

뽲

ʦҴ֮ˣǲ£Ժ󻹻ٷ

ţʿеĺȺ֮Ǹ¡ʦ΢΢ףҷģ˲ЩСֶζѣϲ̨档

ôҲڣԷһǳĶ֣

Ǳлʦˡϲʤʦ֣ϻôƱ磡

ܾ浽ǰʦǰ̫빬ģƾһΥˡǹֻʹʦ¸ŪһӣȻͳ˹

磬١άȻ˵һλҽ˴

ϣεҽЩͬͨҽͨ˵ܰæ١άҲ˾ǰԤ롣

ֱ֪˵ʿϿ϶ˣ˵ͨҽ˵

Ŷϻо֮ͨˣЩ棬Ͼʿʿʿȵϲ忪Ҳû˳ֹ

١άģɵ˵еģǺ棬һչ¶һ

ţȴȥɣκã޶͡

ǡ١άһ˴ʦǬȥˡ

ҡҡͷȻûбŶϣû뵽ŹȥһӣŹϲؽ㱨

ϣϲϲλҽѹκˣ

棿¶죬ʵۿˣ

ػϣūŸղһֱأͼҽڹһϵ˲ʧˣۿūſ϶Ҳأ

ŹĿ۽磬ǲҽ֮ɣ

棿ԽԽϾȻ£ߣԹȥơ

Ҳˣȥ˳Ǭ

ǬУʱһƬϲ󣬹žոͣŮ̫Ҳ۷׷ףޱȾ档

ûֱͨ˽ȥէȻָգЩϰߡ

ϣϼ飡Ů̫ʰ

ϣŷֿˣæ¾ӣϲؿ첽˹ϣϵˣĺˡ

޿ˣ档һ̾ǰôҽҽûܽκãû뵽λҽ

λҽ

ϡʦһ

ˣɱϾǴʵҲûǿӳ͢ĵز

ҽضҽκ˹ӣӦν޺ܺ棬ӵô£ڻϡͿģôͻȻУôͻȻʧˣ

ܾãͬѰ

ػϣӲǻ˲Ǳʩ˷ʦ˵꣬üͷϲЩ߶߶ġ

ʩʩʲôʩķ

ʦһֱּɵĵʾϿ

һƳԱߵŹŹһܾʱͼʦһ

Ȼ͸о沿һůϮƺ˵ʲô

Źʱҽеӣ

һĻֱӽ˾ˣҲԭأֱŹƬ̧̺һ£ӣԲʲô۷

ʦһŹϵӺȻʧˣһ£˶ƿԣòˡ

ϵ滹ĵʦȻ˵ֻǴֱ֮

ѵҲ˶õɻ󣬷ôԵ޹ʱʩ˷

ϣһ˹Գ檣ʱ檾˵£ɻϾǲšίѣһѾ̫ãл˵ˣ

ЩںޣʱȷʵţϾҽƲ˭뵽ǵ¡

ҽܷ񿴳˭˶

ʦһЦֻҪòԲһܽ˾

ĴԸȥ˶ҽһһȥ

ϲüңʱҲˣ鵽Ӵ⹬

ּѸٱȥӴ⹬ʱޥأԳһ

ǰüС˹Ȼҵʿʿǳİ

Ҳ֪ʵΣԼԼҪ군

ޥһе㼱ˣԼ̫ûŪʯ𵤣ʹ˭۸

侲侲ʿδؾжʵϾϡǴСʼУҲöʮꡣҲһܵڣǫеĹ϶ʿ

οһҲ޵˶ɽڣս黹ǱĶԶԶڴˡ

ôһ룬ޥ侲࣬ΪԷһٶһö

һͨذӽϵͳʱϵͳһذ״ĳⶫǰῴһۣʱȴ˱з֣ʤָࡣ

򲻵ǲֵģ־͵ڱ¶ʤ˶ԷܶණҲ˵ˡ

Щǰͨö˶ۼԺȺϵ

ޥذսϵͳռ䣬˳ȥ

ʰޱӦһѹû𻰵뷨

ﻹЩɣ⹬лˣòϰɣ

˼䣬ſںȻһͨϡԼλҽһˣ

Ҫ˵λʦҲǸбµˣֻҪ˷һۣжϳԷǷҲˣٶȺܿ졣

ȻҲΪһѹ֮˺ܿӴ⹬УһϹ

ϣޥʰ

ƽɨһۣ˵λҽˣҪ°úϡ

ǣϡ˲ɺؿλҽѾµԷҪʲô£ֻʲô취

ʦǰһĿһһɨñ֮ǰϸˡޥʱüͷ΢΢𣬺ȻһӾ⡣

ޥʱޥҲһνҽҲڣЦˡ

л鷳

ʶͰˣǲʶ࣬һѵ

һһʩģ˵ǣ˭㡣ҽջĿ⣬ɫؿˣ˵ʱһš

ҽֿޥһۣ漴һһ˲סӴ⹬ˡ

Ȼûκα仯

ޥ¶΢ЦҽĵйȻУ΢ϢԷȻûм

û뵽ҽȻɫһ䣬ָޥǳپܣ




36.     һ

һʱ, ˶ɫ㵵˫ۣŵؿޥ

ǳǰӦô, 뽫ҽˡ

ȴϲ, ֪ʦȷǼٵȷ, Ͼ֮ǰͶԷһҪָϡһ, Ͻ춼ܲˣ

ҽԺ⣿ޥһ£ȷԼûб¶Ϣʵô, Բܿ

ôָʹָģ

ٿһԹֻЦ, ôˡ

һйݰ

, װͿ㲻ѧЩƤë, ͸ҳ, ˺ʵʦŭޥ, Щ

оλȷʵͬѰ, ͬ˵

ͺ񣬾ͺһĪѹ, ѹƵģܲ

λ, ľı, ֻʵô΢СĽǡ

ҽγԣҲһ鷲ˣôܻʲô빬ô, Ϊ̫̫д𾭣ûнӴ֮صĶ

ҽ˵⻰ɵó֤ݣߣ۾֮

ޥɫݣû˿η壬ŵŻ˭أҪʱԣúʰһ١

򶨣һʱҲԻˣıƽɣλҽݣ

һ뵽ҽǹİģ˻ȻֻǱ˰ɣû뵽˺˰

ʱֹŮ̫ô룬뷨˵ޥһͬ

ݣ¿֮죡Ȼб֮ʦҲﻢˣ׼ȡһɫ̡

ޥЩ⣬̾ȻǼĺö

˹Ȼб

ֻʵ΢ʿʵߵְ취ʧ顣

ޥһЦȻ˻˼뿴˵˭

ϣǲʦķʱָ˭˵˭ûж˵ڳ֮ȫǷˡ

ʦʹ֮ǰȸһ顣

΢΢ףʦԲðԶ֮ǰ顣

ʦȻҲоˣѹֹҪԸһССĹˣƺܻϳ谮

ЩᣬǮƣֻҪþˡ

ͼʦָſһ΢Ĺ˲֮У̵ʱת

˶һĻˣرɵˣ̾ҽƺĲͬѰ

̶ˣʦһؾһ㻹롭

δ䣬ֱֱָ̾ȻҲˡ

ʦȻֹŵؿôܣôָ

ʮȷλһͨˣû˿ҲܱǳĵŪ

ָ̾߶ָʦʼԼжˡ

ô£ͣ߶ɫĪ⣬õһ䡣

ʣϡʦͷ󺹣û֮ǰĵˣ⻰ô˵

ҽָ֪˭ˣޥʵƺĲ

ʦɫӵؿһۣѵŮ˶ֽţʵøߵʲôز

һ뵽ʦŵú䤱Īϸˣ

ǣǹʦǴŽ˵⼸֡

١ûùӳԣֻҪɽһ㣬ԷҲκβɵǰλˣǲܻ߳Ͻǡ

ǹѹӺζǿ߶ߵѹ

λˣܿĸ֣

ǿʦ׷ľ磬ֻϧûܴﵽǰŮҲͶʮͷȴʵνľ

Էɱö֡

ʲôޥһ漴ŭȵ󵨣㾹߹

ʦ˵Լˣʲôѵ̲ϵͳ

뵽־£ϵͳ֮¾Բκ֪

㣬ôĵӣȻҼ޻

£ŵĲǰô˲֪أָϵԼϣ

£¡

֮ǰλҽĵ˵ޥôһתͷ˵ǹˣ

ŵĪǸƭӰɣ

֮ǰͻȻŹͻȻʧȴ֪ô£ȥҲǼٵġ

˸ǱͻȻתŪûع׷׾ҽˡ

ҽ˵䡣

ʦֱڲΪʲôҪ̰ͼЩǮƣûн֮ˡ

ػϣȷʵָҲ֪ô£̻ˡ

ߣ޿Ǹƭӣ㻹ƭ޵ʱŭƭҲܻʹ֮ǰϵˣ޹⡣

ϣƭӣĲƭӰϣʦˣҪǱⱲǾߵͷˡ

ϣ֤ԼģǱǿԸսնϣģ

ҲȿӦʦȻһʱһ΢ֱֱǿùȥ

䡱һ죬ǿ汻ضϣ

˵һҽĲƭӰǲǿǸˣҲضˣ

ɫأһĻ˵ƭӾЩˣǵ潫ضϵġ

˼ˣٸʦһλᡣ

޾һΣٸҺ˵˵޶նģ

лϿлϿʦһ亹ʪ͸ˣ˶Щѡ

ߺ޵̣ⶫ㽫ǲ֮

Ŀޥһۣպޥϣʦŵøæջأֿ

Ѿʮȷλ˾ǸˣԲܵ

ϣǲ񿴴ˣһû֮ǰǲۣλ˵Ǹ

ʦ˫ϥһ͹ڵأ鳯ޥͷһϡ

ˡǲĴǲ˵˵ð˹ˣˡ

ܻܲ߳ϽǣͿܲλˡ

ˣʦô£ͻǰû΢Ϊζ

ޥȴһܳģҽˣ֪㲢ðֻѧղ˶ѡ

˵ǣѧղˣð˹ˣˡʦ

֪ܸģĪɣҽɣԺСĽЩˡޥ΢΢һЦ˵ǿݴȣ紺硣

ʦŽջضΡΡվ̧ȥޥ

Ǹһξûôηˡ

ŮˣҪԼҲ˲û

ʦ߷ȻǼ˹Ůˣһѵ

뿪Ӵ⹬ʱʦźۼĵһ˲û壬ûиӦޥüŵĻͦǳ𰡡

͵ʴףȥܡ

ںޥֱŻˣû뵽ʦȻˮˮ

ŵ뿪ʹһҪ߰꣬ðúýѵѵˡ

ϣת˻ʹҲûҳν

ϲǣϲǹаȫǵɲ֪ĵ˭

ʲôҽҲ뿴ˣŹʮӣͽ˸ϳȥˡ

ǬУڷ߷Ȼ

ŵĵô£ϱϥǸӣ֪ĻΪءȻˮǲ㱻

Щʿǲףѹֲó͢ϲͱˣӿô죿ο

ߡǺֱܲԹһӣһĲˬȥϢˡ

һô˯ôֻû¶

ڶԺ̧۾Ȼое㲻Ծִ̡

һֱʱгֱϾȻȫǺӣ

ٿһֻ֣Ҳģһֱ첲

һûſ־СƳһӺȣûһûʱ˹ȥ





37. [] ѳ   

鴫, ʱַ죬Σ

չűλҽκãתϽǣû뵽ȻֱԭΡ

, Ǵԭ, ȫǱ䱾

ǰôֻ, ɴñһҲͿˡȫǶ, ȫסһҲ͹ֶ˵ġ

ֻ, ͬ飬, ԼҲͻȻ

Ҳ, ʮַŭ, µŵҽĻ, һ֣ƻʼҵϣ

һʱȥλҽ, Ҫٸ

˭֪һҲûҵ, ֪ϱ˵λҽͳ˳, Ͷɽˡ

ˣҲٻ, һҽġ

֪ҽΪʲôҪ, ҽ١ģôͷҧһڣʵ̫Ѱζˡ

¾Բܾˣ, ¾Ҳýҳһһλʿ빬κù

ľ١ңʦǵڳȴ£ǽʬε˼ˡ

١άëԼȥѰˡ

١ȥϴҵʦĵطκȥ¥գ˵ϴ뿪ûֻĴ̽ʿ뿴ܷõϢ

ֵǣµʿͻȻȫ˼һ㣬Ȼˡ

١άץϹˣԱЩɽһ㣬ܷ壿

£ûҵ١άֻϢģա



˵մӣޥˣŵֵǺݣҪ׶Ͼ밡

ȻҲã±ɱɡ

ޥǲб˺ôΪô¾͸ɵʦ

ʦⷬٶͦģ˵Էʶ࣬ҲûҪ׷ʹˡ

ʦɽҲ֮Уʮ׵ģԼ򵥵ĸıݣͨ˸ֲˡ

֮ܳһʱ䣬ʹԴ¶۷׷ףֵĻ̡̻ޥ徲˲٣ûŬһΪ

º󣬿ٹٽǰľΧԣС

мûȥ绳еӦֱޥ

Ϊ£ޥװһѲʵϣô˻뿪ʹˡ

Ϊչ٣мƷʯϱӵľο̶¾ͽ˽𵤡

һȫûĶˣӽͿɣƾԾ

ֻǣΪԼüڲˣĪʧϿ϶׷ļˡ

˵Խ֮ûôռ塣

Զ뾩ǾǸõĻᣬһİ취

С

ޥŶ̵ͦӦϡӦѾ߸£жѾôˣһֱ彡ٵ£ܽĥˡ

㣬ûΪʲôԸȥľΧһȥһء

ŸߣӣӦޱҲ֪ǹװˡ

֪ģ˾ϲС㿴󲿷˶뿪ˣ̫̫ͻ̫󶼸ȥˣоﲻ̹ˣ

ޥü˵гһԸ˵Ĺ˵ʲôŮ̫͵ʲô

ӦΣΪš

㣬һֱһ񲢲ݵλʱ㲢ںһС

㶼ܿޥЩˣֵô

ӦЦ˵տʼûôԣĺˡʱ򶼻ǲǻ˸оӣǰʶ̫һˡ

ޥ㱻ԼǺǻе˸ⶼܸо

оĻһأ̽ʵ

Ҳҵ㡣ӦЦЦһ˲˲ޥ

ţͺáޥȻӴռȡһĴָСʯʯĥΣ滹һߡ빬ǰģǳԣ͸ˣϣԺƽ֡

㣬ǡӦסԵ޹Ϊʲô

ˣԱĸӽ١סǧܱ˷ˡޥ涣

ӦգޥֱӴϣӦĶ֡

ޥЦһҪۣǰɵġ

㣬㣬Ҫ뿪ˣӦȻץסޥ֣ĿЩֻš

òµģʰǸˣҲͨʿұλʦ

ꡭޥסĴЦ˵֪֪ûе֪ҵһ֮Ҫùˡ

Ҳ˵ȥġӦҲ֪ԣˮȥҾ᲻㣬ԺҲˡ

ģֻҪпҾͻ㣬֪

šӦϣ˵뿪һҪúչԼһ棬ڹ̷

ޥһָҡҡЦƾҵı£һլӣٹʮ˸Ӷ˻׾٣û˹ҡ

⵹ҲǡӦöĽˣֻϧû취һ뿪

ޥȥ˳Ǭ

ĳǬ岻֮󣬹ṳ̂һҪûдʲôֵϢޥҪΪˡ

ûܹޥޥȻȥȥ

ǬĹŮ̫࿴Ҳֹ

ˡޥֱԺſڻ̳ԣһһժŻ֪꣬ĻǷˡ

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