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1. []    ҾǸߣ

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2020.1.26

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áںڰҡҡͷߵ£Ҫô˵ĳڣ
СӲҾߣҪġ

Լ⼸ղ֪ΪΣЩûʧජӳǽϵĹ㣬ʧ˵Ϊһ̫Ҹһ£һʷֿҪô죬Ҫô죿
ȥǸǲӦڵ硣

᲻ðޡ

ʱһ÷ͬģӾͬյһȥˡ
Ҳͬӷ롣

û˻ֿ

Ϊ
ԹҵСүǶӣᣬȴϽλƱȨ

㲻̼λСүҲǸлȨˡ
СүһҪΪ˼Զ
ȷһʧԸӽӻعŻߡ

ҪΪޣһӣֻҪһˡ

ҸԤԺ֮£ǲ̹

Сɵϡ޷ѹ£ͷ򢣬޶췢ģһһͬ룬򡭡
δ˵ѹͷס죬˵ˡ

ϵģʲôġ˿㡢
ðͷȥ̧˳˿Ƶۣޣݿɻסء

ҿ̫徻ޣɻʱ˼룿
仰ʱըһƬۣѩ۽Ĺ⣬ںͫ

ۿһ¾ һֹ̣˲Щ
ڵĹŨġšһ֮󣬱ֻϸģƴһ춯ˡ






4.     ˣˡ

ҹ˯ͣ˸磬ȴѵʱԱѾûˡ

ǲĴ齣Ѿ£ˣƽ޶ûС

컹ûֻƮŲס
ʲôʱأ

ΪȥڼҺúϢһ󣬲뼸շѩͣﲻٷѹˡ
ҹϨʱҵĶӹһˣ˵ѩƻСƽճȥɻļλΪݶ

˸߰˰ˣ֪һӦ¡
ƣ캮ضûݶҪ˵ġ

̧ۣԼݶʵʵѩʱ춯ûǰ޼ӹ̹ˡ
޵ڶҪæȴǽҪӵ뷨еʵȥ

ˣҲϴȥһСƬסƫ˵ȥ
ڼסգൽ仰Ҳûͬ˵

ȷԷûѣŽȥǡһ໹û壬һָ׸ǴʯӵڵϣȻûеġ
˭

˳ȥݣȴͦúֱڴϣſʵĲ
ܸоԷؿ⡣

˵ۣҪĿš
ҹһֱŲ

ⲻô
ô͵˱˵լӡ

ңҼҡ죬ʾȨ
ˣ

ȳڣӦ̾ò̫׵˵ͬСү˷ޣ˶֣һ帾̫ᣬ
һ̣Ц˵˶̫ˣľˣű󣬽͹ˡ

㡢㣿
Ӧе룬Ķʲô㣬˶ˡ

סڹͬűǰӣûʲôгǵĳν
һУСү񲻳磿

Ӧð뷨һ˳⴦ŨŨĴлζ˱ǣҰѸʲô֮Ժ
оôûкЩԵСˡ˵꣬Ծ⻰е壬͵ҿɲǿģǷ䲻̫ҹ̫

Ӧ৵ĺˡ
ֹǲ

ҹĶвˣ

Ӧˣű̽ӡ
䷿еǶǽ˵ͬ衣

֪һѪյ꣬⼸˶
ÿСүӸޱ¶䣬ٵЩ徻

á
Ҳ뵽ʲôòʣ⼸ҹѩϢʱɾñ

ӦȻԷʺ⣬ҡҡͷһǽͬľ뽲ġ
ɿһ˿ϧ⺢ͦģ˵۾ˣССͣԺҪô

˰ɣ찢޲ڣιЩ˵һģ䣬ǱʲôŵƵģ͵ҡͷ

ˣҲ롢ҡҲͬŮκθϵ
ӦڹλýΪرСүһģȴ

ƽʱ䣬ӦͬŵĻһûΪʲô
СүºӧȴûãֱǰŽӵϹүѰˡ

Ӧ˵û飬ȴ֪̽ӵĵĶ
Сү˵̽þȥȥԲ֣ȥҪõϢͬĿйĽܳѡ

øȥ̽õϢẦϢˡ
ẦõϢ̽ӡ

ǲ̽ӵĵߣҲ֮ߡ
ĿСүһлûǰͬСүһŮɡ

Ļɲ޸ݡ

̤ԺǰӦ˴ˣСүͬĵʱģҲ֪ǴĶֻ֪˫޳Ů
СүĿǰֻʧ䣬ļ˶꾩

СүߵŮˣȴǹһˣһӦɡ
οŮүʧ£ͬס

ӦԲ²⣬޷ֿܣҪôŮǶԷţΪʲô֪ĿģŮɫʱסСү
Ҫôʵ֪үݣԳıȡǮơ

ʲôԭݶܿɡ
ķӣСү˳ࡣ

ӦҪ˵ЩػؾǡڴʱŵζĶӲġһ
ںܰһԷ϶ˡ

գ޲Ҹطȥ

ƳЩӣ鷳ˣҲԼţǸµĺӡ
ռȵðȥ˲֪ˮûˣȴˣӲš

룬ԷӣԼӲҪҲãȷһԣĵһ֪ʲô֣ҽ࣬ˮɽ࣬أ
Ӧǲͬ滰˸гСӦС˳Ӧ

㲻Ϫİɣû㣬ǽģð޸ͻؼҡ
üͷһͷڿڱͣһ£ֱȥ

ӦЩ⣬һ˲䣬ϻģԼ齻

ǸڣʹΡ
ڹŴҽƿƼ£˵ƽοң˻

Ӧ۵һ˿̽ʣأ
Ұ޲࣬Ҳ벻ǰˡ

ѡ
ӦаţŮ룬ʧ⡣

ͻǰ£Ȼûȫ𣬵֪ҼںԶĵطһʱᣬҲزȥ
ʧţԴһͷͣطӿʹС˵ѹͷѾõ뷨

ʵܻȥҲȥ
Ͱһ

Ӧ⻰ûͷûβЩ֣˳Żʣˣ׷ʵԪģ
Էܴò֣ӿ˵ķͬ˶һ

ǡ
ǸԶĵطˣˡ

֪ߵݺƽ˼ߵĹ¿࣬аţСúûӰ쵽ճȴҲĵǡ
ʱ䣬һֱ㷲ܺĳһһۣԼѾصִҲޡ

ìܵģǸ绹ˡ
Զѡһıѡ⣬಻֪Ҫôѡ

ڿޣ
˳ĬãӦײĳҭƺ̡

Ӧ඼֪Լˡ
̧˲ۣҡͷƽƬ̲С˵ҶôˣôءƬ̣ͦҴ˴ѡ

ƬУˣӦòˣȺԼһ˳ԣŪˡȺֻܰ˳齱߶ŵϾУҪæģ鷳ֻܺҡ

ӦЩǻĻЩ޴룬ֱţŲԾ̧ЦЦ
ǵжŵģֻ̰ͼǮСӶǲ·ƵĴˡ

оֹ˵˷½䱸ദһСЩ
Ӧ֣ƤȻĵ׷ѹȥĬĬԡ

εƤĵǳϵĺóԣӦͶˣڳꡣ

֪ģѹȥǵøУȻð˳

ͷƫƮѩޣԺڰ׻һƬףġ
ʱŸ𣬴Ÿݵ꣬øԺţܿ죬Ժſˡ

ͬվſڽһ㶡
ŵ࣬մż׵ǳɫϰΧŸëΧ֪ʲôѩ׵СϷź죬βǼ⡢Ű¶һСؾӣ˵ģǴһ֦һ۵Ķǡ

ʲô𣿡ජŵһ⣬ʿˮ
ͬһʱ̣˰ĿջҲʶʿˮ

ûʲô£ⲻǰ׼ôǼҵҵǸģǡɼдĶϲĽҼҵҵҲЩ⣬ҰЩҲˣų԰ɡ
Ц⣬ÿ·ǽȥԺ

ںûܣ֪Ӻţƽ͵ϵԺ飬Ż
ʮ꣬׳׳ʵʵģѾ߳һͷ

ţԵԼĸףԹû׼Ҵүּһͷţױ˵ء
Ȼ֪룬ɨۺʣڲڣ

ȥæݶˣʲô𣿡
еС¡еԥ»԰˺ãתʲôģԵû⡣

ţϵ⣬˻ٴźţ
ⲻǸɩô㡭ţҪߣʱѵ

ɵһֲۣ̫ԣֻõҶף޸ˣٸҲ٣ʲôġ
˵ǣֱõģǷлˡ

ţͷǸ⣬ֻŮǳǳһЦ۾鱦ʯ⡣
ݣԺŸСѩˣԺðٻӰ

ͬ޸署ͬɩֺˣɩӵ֣֣֮ǮأǷִֻġ˼ңţΣС˼˳
ʱŭΪͬɵСѧǷΪȨ˵ͦƵ޵ģͬ߶ЩͷͽݵԺ飬ݣָֻŶıˡ

˵˵ţüͷһ壬ššӣ˵ǸڼҵģǳŮ˼ǻȨƵܵģ㶮
ţҡͷ

ɵӣҿţСӿɲֹһ˵ǣʱе鷳šпն飬˵Сˣ
ţû˼ͷŵǳ㣬Լݿȥˡ






5.     ʮ졭

λЪЪɣһĻҼ˹ײ˷иըӣȳԱٸɻ
һλͷ׵Źȣͷڷæ׳

ʹˣʱҵ׺ʵլڸݣסݣŮסһݣסڶͷǼ䡣
ǰҹݶСߣһѩʱ붼ѱ٣ֻܲޡ

ȥ԰ɣҰ꣬ͲˡŤͷԼ˵꣬תɻ

Ҫӣ˸ϯӣࡣ
ٽأȥ˴󶼻˴壬ֳԣֶ֣ܿ޺һңǵڶҡ

ҳӹҲڣûôɹֻ˵ǱֵģʵûʲôſЩ
һС˾۵ķ£żﴫζ˲ע⣬ſںȲ裬͵˽гԷˡ

˰ײ˷ˣ鲻ŸӿڣʱŮըõ߳  
̫ˡζҪȥʱ󼷽һˡ

˸ͷۼֿȸԼ
ɻĶˣв죬ҲûʲôοӣЩҲ

磬ҲһԵɡ˳Եͣкڷϯӵޡ
Ӹ粻Եġ

Ϊɶ
Ҫȥϱһԡ˰뿪Ц˵˳˸ЦЦƺϰˡ

һЦŵĶүǸϱģҪڼҸɶ
٣ͱ˼զˣӸС

һްĹһˤòãŽļ˲
ˡֻ¶֣ŹߣͷҲصĳԺ

ʱŮӳ߳۰Ͱ͵ԶȥıӰ
ûע⵽ŵƮһӡ

Ƣ湻ġǸܸɻģ˺ƣһô¡
ӸһֱֻҪһ׼

˹ЦŶԭǸ޹ϣòɻҲǸȺ

ʲô޹ϣϽƵģһ㶼ף˼ɣӸǸĺࡣ
ж

һˣȤ׷ʱΧ˶ͷԷûٴ⻰硣
ǸûģҲΣԹԵʣֱ½½˴ŲŲʲôһˡ

ޣʲôǳȺ߽Ը˵Ƶǡ˶ɲݶԣţԺðģӰӡ
ϡ

Ұʱ£ڣûϡ
٣Ҫȥϳĵж

ǸƽӹģͷǵһûĹ

*

Ʈʱ޻ؼˡ
ǰﴫ䵹춯ͷһŻࣿ

ޡ
Ťͷǰ޻Ҫκζ̫ãһʱûľ

߹ȥæᱧ
ʲôأͷ󺹵ġ˰ϣպպˮ

Ȼһˣչ͸Ŵսյ͸й⡣
֮ǰһͻȻҲˡ

Ϊóȥæһ죬ЩѩľĻùŽͷãóһ£ȴ룬籸õһȻҲˡ  
˷ŷ䵹һĻ

ʲôôȥ˱ˮݵȻҲ˱żҵʱͳˡ

ޱοˣѾ飬ȷûС˶٣뵽ʲôϴûȥݰʱдȥˣʱ黭ƹе㣿
⡭ȻѾλ˫ᳵ·

ÿζһĻдõֽƹպã´ȥʱٰˡ
ԣϴμдĻҲֻܵȥȡǮʱ֪ʲôˡ

ʱ뵽ŻƹӦòڳ´ȥҲ١
СתΪϲˣʵҲҹǻһʱȥġ

ţʲô
˳ԡͼһЦڿЦ

⡭޻δ䣬߬ŵıӡžһˡ
һ㶡

ȻԷûĻЦ
ģʲô˳ԡͼǸѰĻ񣬿ҿֿɱ˵ˡӣϸ鿴˿ڡ

ᵽ᲻ͽ黭ʱ͸ǳǳͷ
żȥңֲֻǻ

òɫȷû˺󣬲Űֳḧ˸ķ˿ûµģʰ£ȥ

š
µǣΪдȥĻ񣬹Ŵˣû롣

ʵŪΪ޻Ļ׼ʱ͸
ˣȻˣٻһžǡ

*

Ӧ˯Ժط˸Ųʷ齱Ÿˡ
˭

ӦԷңϢĵǲ
үʲôʱġӦСүʧ䣬ԭĹڵġ

˯̫ʲôʱĶ֪
Сүζʮ㣬ӦЩҲס

ǹ⣬˯˯˳ԣڹʱжˡ
ǰͰѻͻع˰ɡ䲻˵˾䡣

ǡǵġӦѣһ˵©졣
ƣүô֪ٱ¶Ϊһأ

˵Сүʵɺϡ
ȥ黭ӣؼƹ飬ƼһλʦչͼһƣǲѰ֮ô

ӦţͻȻһֻĴֺݺӣĽӻק


ӷµһ¶ʹ࣬Ҫڰգִȥûˡ
꾹ܵѹȥ

⺢ӡ

ӦͻɱǺСүģǹġ
Ҫ㲻ܻ

Ϊūı֡

Ҳ̫ˣҪùЩ֪ͬЦ
Ӧţ۽ᡣ

ٿأһɣܵ˿
ɣѲժصظˮȥϴ衣޵˵ţŲ²ز˾䣬ȷˡ

Ӧһʱ֪λشǰһ̻ҪˣôͻȻϴ裿
үеǾ䡰ȷʲô˼

һ㶼Լ

ȥˮ귽ķӦγ
Թӵ£ǲˡ

ûҪΪ̽ӦķӦˡ
˵֮ǰĶݳֻ̬ȣ֮ʮ˾ŷ֡

һߣ걾չ¶ίλߵκ˳ӡ
ӦĥһԵ˳ʣãϪ壬Ҫá

벻£ӽ֮¶ر书ƽˣӲԼǸ˼ҵүָ󷹡ԡǷӣеĴֻۻӦ֡
һˣôǽݽү

ֱӦĳ֣ԺյļĽǡɽһֱɻ
פر꣬浶ǹɱˡ

ԼΪӣЩ˵ĻҲͲϡˡ
Ϊıڲ಻Ϊ֪

үݣһ㶼ϡ

ʮգҲʮաӦʵش𣬴ʱֵѩٺߣݽҲҪʮգټʱֻСүݣȸ˳ϵҵϪ壬Ҫһա
ʱϪգٵ죬ҵСүϢʹˡ

ʱеϹүǻԸСү
ӦԼ֪룬һһʮĸ

֪ΪΣӦãСүķӦ̫Ծ˵һͨͻȻ֪ԼǴԹܹĸô˰ɡ
СүȫͬǾܾǻɣڣݣȴɲϲá

ĸ㲻Ľݣεүһֲֵˡ
Щ

Сү˵Ĳᰡ

֮£ֶ֪պ˸й£Ҳһ֡һһٵ˵ţӦһ㶣ʶСүÿвʱͲָյΪɡ
һ˿ϰߣĨġ

ǣүģӦסӦ£ǰӡ
ˣϴɡֵݸѣһԣĵĿȥͷĴߴţ㣬ʲô

˵ʵЩˣСӰ˸˵۾ĻԣͷԺҪȥչˡ
Ҳ֪˯ûһûһţûݵ侲ؿʼ˼δ

ٿأһлƼžҹ
޸ϻݣϣȻǰ˲Сľš

෢ʲôˣ߹ȥһѽӵ뻳УĴļͷ
ʱҳһţ޵İο

ֻйгֵϵͳʾ
ϵͳܰʾɫʧЧʮ졿

µģˡ




6.     ˾֮ģ·˽֪

ǷϺ̧࣬ۼ͸ģ˿ڰĨ˳΢ĺɢˡ
˳ںð޺õţ̨ĵСһŰѻŪš

ʱƮŵķ㣬һ˲ΪԼΡ
ãȻ࣬ˡ

ޡպõˮźãȡȥϻڷµһЦ

ҵһγ壬ʣµˣ֪òóԣҪҪԣ

æͷ·һ֣·ڵģԸպ
ˣȻǣϸ֣м飬Լ̳ˮݡ

û˵

ֱСĸʽСˣ״˯ɵļһըĽ⽡
ʲô

ûԹ⽣ڰִŴлˬ֥ζǿɿڡ

塣⣬ѹסϵů⣬ιһ

óԡһЦ˯ôôúϢЩ
ǲǶʹû˯ã

˿.ˮӲʣʲп˺һƽȥίʵ˵ġ
Ȼţȥɫ󣬲µģûٶ롣

جΰˣ˾ˡѧЩ˵ķӣһֱԡÿζ̫磬ѰѷãҶûطʩչȭšŴ¶ЦȥȽӡ

ԼõģڣЩֻܻд֣Լϲġ
˳ʱ޶ģҪһӺǻ࣬ί

ϲޣЩҸ֮¡
ʢȥ˵޶ҺãͬҲ԰޺ãȻֱܶ»ãҲΪһպ˺ӣܻܲԺԺ¶ðȥɡ

ʲôɵģͻȻ뵽ʲôЩᷳǲǼϸ˵ʲôˣĪҪǣһȺеû¸ɵϸԼɡ
£û뵽ִϣ޶˲²һЦͬ޹أҽ벻ô

Ǳ˼޵˺죬ȴӲҲûʲôõģһܿ࣬Ȼ޸ңҾͲҵŮ˳Կۡ

ԼĻ˼ӵ֣ޱպùˣٸѰѾһźš
೹ױ޵ֱ˼ܣɲò˵ֹס˿

չ˺ǵĺӣϸĸס
ͷһȣסḧСඨȻǺĸ׵ġ
һ˶ӣעԼ̫飬ڽ궬ҪãǱͣУůЩˣҴȥݰݷøҽӣŬҲ١

á˳Ӧ£ᵽլɵ뵽ʶʱȤ£ӣʮӣʶһꡣ
ޣȹЩˣǻƷΣ

ȥ
Ϫ帽ɽɽˮ㣬׷ɱһϢǣȻլ

Ҳȥ
ǲСݷδһ䣬ټӲʣ룬ѩպͣʱȥڼӣ

á

ߺ󲻾ãóڹЬ棬Ť廨˳
ǰС˵ܿУ̤ѥʲôģŸҲһ˫

šŰ׻񲹶һĶǿ˵ô
޿̾˿ûŮ쾭飬Ǹʮˮƽ

ţŴЩ죬̽ͷһƣӳŸ׳Ӱӡ
˵ûҲţʱԷͣſڣŷ죬ڿ̽ʲô

ס
֨ѽľŸɱúܳһ

˽ˣ
ԷźأǸˡ

ژź÷ɿ졣

ˣӦѾȥɻˡ
ԶԶأͻȻƮɤŶƵģĿ־ѹȥ
ĵԹ˾ͲôѺˡԻһʮӵؿˡ

׼ⴳݣСӻûƼأĸˡ
߯

ţȴһЦװûµƵŽҲ磿
޸ɶϵġԲŸС߼ţŹ˵˵ϵѩޣGأôţ

ôءŸӰ⵱Ŷ˵˸Ƿһֵ̿ؿվڵĹˣǺˣ
λɩɩɣ֮ӹˣţΪҸӴ仰硣ܿϵߣȥؾ֮

ʵ˿̣иèӹƵģĪ޲òۣú⻰Сһ

ʮδȢףѪհһ֮ʱ
֮ǰݰһλˣпɡǰ岻ʣлϪ塣

ù꣬ЩˣټԼ岻ãʼ˵ý
ȢףǸģԲʮкŮߣýϵ

ֹ󣬹Ҽ۽

ҹ뵽˵òˣշת࣬һҹδ˯컹û޼ҸǻȷҵˣСڼңŸð󵨵˼

̧ƤҴǰŮӣ˿ϰֻ˫ˮģβֻһۣйƽ
Сӵòȷˣһ欣һƽӹǡǡǳˮܽذ˹Ŀ

˲дߣ˵ͻˣ֪粻ڣżųұԼɩɩ

ǳô
üβһظţеǰǰʱǹˣⲻԹү

ɩɩݡ˹һЦ˵ҲУңִ˺۵Ҳϡ
ټ֮СᣬΪѣ²ǶԼҲۡ

Խ룬Խ˷ܣԼˣպ󡭡СʱҲ˵ס
վһԵ˹ĵ׶ЩֻǸģ뻹ǸģԷӣŮӡ

ͷཫһԣ£յȲЦˣ⣬ȥ˸
ֻС𻤵Ľģ̫Ͽӡ

˳ɣ˳һС֮ǰɹõĸӸɷϣתԹ˵үյ£ҶúúлҪǡ£ͬһݣյ£аү

ѳɻ飬ͬһΣȻʲôֻǹүδȢףҵǴȥǡ
ҹ鲻ã޺ʱյ£֪֡

޽ʱƷȥҰæûɶ٣ۣϲ䷹
Ǹֻ첻ɻģȴ룬Ǹ֮

СӲ˵ţϸܣ棬Ļǲ룬ʹˡ

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պ˼̵ĸӸɣ˵꣬İĭ븲Ӻɡ
ТҵĹˣĲѹңز㲻ڼź˼ɶأǡʲô˵ģ·˶֪

ٿ죬Ϻţ̹ɻڱߣˡ
ͻȻǣƲ䣬ƿڴţΪ˶ϹӲɣʱǸ֪ģôŹү˼˷ܶùˣ

ĹڴǱ߿һۣ֮ƷмӣԹһֱܿ
δջᱻϸ˸ѪͷǵǵСӵ棬ίʵѻ

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үһֱҵŮŵĻȻЩүϣֻǽյ£ˣһˣ˵ȥʲô

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ҲûʲôܿϵģǰĹɣûȥɣյͷƪɣүҲһʱļ˵գཫһСӸƹȥ

ϵ˼ͳӣЦѵǣûǮɣǧѴ˵ȥ
һ˲ܿȻǸˣû¹ӣֻЦ˵˵ǣھӵģֹϵ֮£¾ͷƪ˰ɡ

˳ŶҾҾ뿪

ȷϹ˳ԺţŹغãлյ£лҪӡ
ô֪æģ⣬

ŵĲǸɲҶôǸմǻģҵģΪҽΧġЦŽ͡
ʵƽɶ߲˽ȱǲ˸Ҳףϸ㣬ôᱧһ˸ءǿǻſֵ̬˻Ժ˺һĻ

һֱϲ˿࣬ǸĵĺˣȫԵȹʲôٴѳ´ƣʱֿɱȷźÿˡ

¶ȫУһ˲Ц̾ǸһҸã˸ۣǸ۵ģ㰡պҪˡ

ףٴлȥȡ˼дõĶǴ͸ֳ֣ðɡ
ЦŽӹȥţ˵֣ǮأȻ⡣

ͷЩŴŸһӸɲȥ

һͷһؼҾؿȣķҵĽȥѰƣײ˸档
Ѿͷŵ·ݺݵ˾䣬ƺͷŷŵ¡
ǣģ·

ʱ۵˿𺣬ЦøصСӣϻ˵ҵˣ˼ˣСô






7.  и   սиλֵһ¡

޼ɻϸֿ죬ձѴʮҷݺˡ
ĴΪмۻ˻Ӽˡ

Ҳ֪ӸʲôƵļӰӵĸɣҪС
꣬˲Ͳ˱ʾлҲû˵ʲôֻŻؼ˯һúϢϢ

һʱɫ·ȥ˹ңһ֪ã̽²صĹ

ӼŰڣƿȥһƬֻ߽ǴЩݵ΢
Ӹ磬ڼҡͷӺҲڡ

ǹϵŮʱͻʣūǹйϵŰŮߡ
ͬӲ࣬Сһ硣

Ӽ޽Ŵһ˫۾ζŲݣβŵ˿Ȣޣ
û˵ýء˵⣬̾˿ⲡǰˡ

˵ţǴԡ
ûƵģֽãŤԼ˵߰ɣûˣ

ţոպп
Դƣ޳סͷɵ˵ߡ

ޱȻ곤Ⱥ곤ģġ
ˣ˶мӣԼĶ̶µˣȻȻسǵͷ
ΪӸϣһǲйϸУǾþɣʡ

߳ٴѣӸ磬ˣֻûƵơ
ӻһɣӸ粻˵ʲô

ɫһתͻȻЦ㣬ֲǲ֪ӸŸøɩˣżȥء
޳£ǹѼ侭ò˥Ц

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Ӽ˱ŸǺΪҪɱˡ

˲֪ӸƣȴǼ

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ɩɩ
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ƺôһء

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ţȻЩԵûɵ壬Ҫȥҳһſա

ģ޾ͬˣҪ֪Դ˰Ϫ壬ЩߵýĹҲҴֻһ档
Ӹ粻Ľĸ

м˱Ͻؼ˯һȥ޼ңҲˡ
˲̰ɫίʵ̫ǸͻȻСķˡ

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ߴһЩѩ˶ѵùؾأȥüмӸ磬֮£ԱߵСѩ˾Щˣŵĺ첼ǿܿǸŮޡ

ӸŴһһݣæƴãүĴţ̾Ҿ˵Ӹ翴ϵŮôǸثģСڲ˶ã˼ϾͰѼģСۼĴ˼Ҳࡣ
ǰ˵ɩɩʶ֣֪ǲǡ

졣ᷳĴϣ˼ҳԷ²ס죬ȥպˮӸæ
гţ;޽ЩӺˣ˲ã½½

һ˸۵ȴӰ
λǡ

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Ӹ㵽׶ˣⲻӰɣ

ӦĶ˸ôСүЦģѰֻ
ȴ룬Ե˹һЦ˾䣺ȻСҲ㹻


һЦţӦӱе㷢¡

дţһȺˣٺүͻȻȥԷ˸һЩĲ
Ϊ⣬Щүһݡ

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ʵȥΣүڵʱ

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Ϊͱ̿յůڵģôùء
ţӦͷһůһ˫ӡ

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ͻĹػӦЩӦ󣬶½ЩƱײ죬˺ЦȥĶˣҪ˵Ĵ֮Ļ

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Ժĺóء

Ҫ⼸գԲˡĻѳԡ

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ϾŮΪ˸үԵģԲˣҲڼźүˡ

űˣҵ£ǲܣȾƳԲˣЩɶɩģòóԣ
óԣóԣɩɩ绨ҲһһĺãҳűݴĲҲأ

ƨĵĶҪˣʲôʱԵĲˡ
Ʊյغ֡

Ӧүƺܸˡ
һ뵽ĹӣһȺķˣ̲סЦ
һգԵү֮£֪θ롣

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ͻȻүսиλֵһС

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ʱգҪԶţ˴֮Уʮգһ£λֵʱ䣬õö߶߶һŮڼңǲĵġ

˵գ߾پƱһ
ˬڳ㡣

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;һȣûֻ˵ŵȹʱһȡ

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ˣúػ

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ǰҲǣӸİȥɣ˵һ£һ꣬ʮֵ꣬Ҳɩӵһúչˡ

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˺ţԾƳ˺һӦһ԰ţŸӡɹ׵£֮޳Լѣǻؼҡ

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ܿģӦߵһԣⷭ˼⵽ľ䡣
С仭

ԭ黭ŵǸͼ໭ġ
һʱ䣬ӦЩ벻Ůӵˣбʴϵһ֮ΨиŴԺеǧС㣬лСϰ

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һ۱ϳеСү

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ͻȥಢûżʰֻ꣬ߣȡ˸յ

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ۣȻǿ޹ˡ

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ŮۣίĻס˹ȥǹ𻨾Ƶ

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ҹȲʰ꣬໨ЩʱúðοӲǡ
أţ΢΢˵ޣǰߺ󣬹ˡһ˴ۼҡ





8.  ֪   ܰĴڱ¶ˡ

ҹۣڴϷ㶡
ѩͣˣֻŷ磬رӹ̹ģٴķѩҲֻܴϸ΢춯

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ϣŰѴݷ꣬ӣʮգûа׵

ֳ˹һ¡
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ԸܵԼŹͷ­ʱճĴС

ѪģԺһʱϸĻ档
սסѪ

ɱгʱѪŭתڡ
ã

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뵽ҹһĻٻ·˴ȥˡ
ƫҵʱСӦѴ룬ٲȻһҪŵģ

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ȥסӵ֣˿õİӣһٳԡ

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ӦһһģûͷڣͿ˼ʾӸϽߡ

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ͬһ˶ŸС̳ӽԺʱ޲ŴӦǣ뿪

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Ȼūƶȣ͸ūһô˵ŮȨˣȨûС

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캮ޱԴӺ뿪κ˵ʲôҪͣǲ˻ƥ

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ͬ࣬ʦͽ꣬˹ػ


֪мȨ죬ȥٸƥϵĺۼǽ֮١
ջ˵ˣʦͽꡭӦϻʳ˿ڣףʧˡ

¡һۣûٶ˵ʲô
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үû֣Ӧʵʵ档䲻ʣҵͬ˭һֱΪУ
Ӧס

Ƕ̫ӡ





9.  ɽ   ţոһգȥԺС

ޣޣ
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ߣϻиѩء
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ֻͻȻԵɵè۾ﶼ˸ſ㡣

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Сһ죬ţô£ܽЩֹ֣ġ

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ˣĺֻǲġ˵ţһᣬͻȻᱧ㡢ҷۼҴſɻûء

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ȫäˡĴڣȻڲ͵ι˴˷ˡ

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ǰݣİ𣬳֣Զµķޡ

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٣ǿƫˡ

⼸գ󲿷ֵʱ䶼˴һ𣬸ʱͬһ
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ͷԼ֧ڳС紵ϲ
ʱǺֱɫ£״͸Ϧɫʣͮͮġ

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ིͬԼ˵Ļϧְڻ

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10.  ÷   ֪޻ġ

ܣ
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౻һѣ˳Ź˼ͣˡ
ѪܵһĻ˲Сľţ˫ģѹܲ

ţͷҰԼһװ볤Ϸ͹⣬Ϳ˲֬ضʵʵģһʯһ

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ΪҰʶǿǶԶҲΪ

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콽ѩ֮ϣһ֧»ĺ÷

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ҰƻʶֲޣתһԵࡣ

˵ʱʱ죬໹û巢ʲôѾǰ棬ͬҰɱһ

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Ұǰһ̲̲ںɫѪգͷЩΡ

ʱڰҰϣеԼĪһԴһ
ʱ·סˡ

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£վԶЩ˵ţ޳˳ϲһ⣬òãͷˣҲǵģ߰ɡ

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޼ɽߣæסޣǻǻȥɣ·ܴˡ

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ɣŵľɢȥ룬׷ȥͬɽ

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ǡɶĵطܿƬյأ˿̣һƥֻʳͷҰ

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ҲΪʲô޻ѡȥľլЪϢǻؼҡ

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οţûи࣬ʵ뿪ƬʱƼĸˡ

ֻɽּУĿǡ

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βᣬСӻĽҪٺһЩٺһЩġ



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ΪԼٴʧߣȴ뾹ͬһһ˯Ҫǰ´㣬˴壬ƻѲˡ

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11.  ֱ   ʱҲȥ᲻

û뵽ͻȻ˿̣еεδĵʱѾʣ޼
˵ֻҪʱһ̣ˡ

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Эˣʲôˡ

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á

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಻ޣңõġüۼᶨƺд㣬ţˣͷ

ˣسŵұͬơ
仰˵󣬼Ǻģѹ֦ͷϵѩ޷׷£һ˹ĽŲ

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ˣ

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⺢ӡγ֮̾ǰΪСӦǹ¶ȴǸҵɡ
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Ӧ棬౻ͻһèƵģԱóѡ

ֻЦЦ͵ҿɴδģҲǰͣȻѵҪּǵС
ǣ֪ˣ㣬޸硣

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TW
޻Ĵ齣֪è᲻ߡ

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޶ţǣӽ۵֣һѽ˳УҲ˵ֻĬĬؿ
ϵ˺ѾȥһգһգԼиèצĿһ½һµš

ս䣬СʣĶմ÷㣬ܺš
вεůɫͷһ£ޣջҪǻ˯°ɡ

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ůҡҷ˱˴˵ĺ쳾֮ġ

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Ϊϵãȴû˷

ˣȥ˺úТĸҲ޸
šӦͷҺģߵſʱӦͻȻͣ£һơ

ţƣҼǵðҲһƵģѾˡ
ɻš

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պƣߵԣӻͳȺձȥ
һͳ˰ɣš

޸ճԹȻҲ֪ձʲô˼ܹ᲻ߡ
ҲǣΪİȫߡ

޾ãٲ뿪һȥݼϹүˡ

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һĻλҹ
ʱҲȥ᲻һжһ

ϧû

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12.     شһҪѰһ

಻ûһڼҴհͬȥݻʱһˡ
Ҳ֪ôˣӰߵĵһ쿪ʼſھûϹˡ

ϣﶼͬҳ˳㻹һֻĸ´ĹԺ
ͻȻã˴նࡣ

أյķԷҲʧˣȡ֮Ķǿͻܸɣּз
ͻ飬һһӦţӹõǺܿ졣

£ҸæɱɨȻҲٳ
Ű⼸վͻˣЩõĶؽƫʱһϲ

뿪һµĵˡ
ȴûл

ЩǣŶ·;㣬·ϵҲδ˵
˳ţŰµÿһŵԡ

졢ʮ졢ʮ졣
ֱСһգһ˿ʼűڣǳгѡ

䣬ոһնѻͷϵĲͻȻ

ѹǣ붯
ǰ뿪ʮ졣

ãһЦ
ðΪ£ȴˡ

ǣûпޣֻ̧ۣŵϵúܳӰӣ㶳

޵ʲô£ҪȥСӦؼҵĽأ

˼ȥ쳣ٶر̽ģǰЩѵŮ죬뵽ǰްŵġ
СӦҪߣʱ⣬֪ԼҪߣǰš

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ȲԸ⽲ۿһһʮ

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൹Թޣ޻ѡķʽǲġ

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ҲΪ˻ȫɡ

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಻޲֣ΪԼ˸ӵķ٣ƽĻǰոĺõװС˳ȥ

ԺСƹƨɹѩҡβһ̵ȥ˷ܵΧתȦ
ษ๷ͷԣԣҰˣɵó׳׳Ĳźá 

ǣСһȥң˩ſڡ
߳ţȶʱǦƵģҲŲˡ

Сһͬһô
ȥһ·֪ѼΡ

ʱܻҲ֪
Ƿݵ˵ļ尾زСһҲˡ

ţۻȥϼŵŷҴ뿪

Ϫ壬ǰ·ѩããͫûһ˿ԥ
ǣŹӭϼ⣬ǰ·һ

Ҫȥ꾩Ұޡ

شһҪѰһ

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ǣŹӣֱͣͣǰߵݳǣ˲ӣֱȥھ֡
ǰھֵϵ֮һǿڣҲǱȥĿĵء

һŮˣŮװһȥ꾩ʵڳ˵Ρ
һʶ··Ҳȫ

һ˼ҴССھ֣ûһҽӿڵģ಻ģһҲ۵ĺ̩ھ֣ĥӲݡ

˵ˣȱ֣Ѻ꣬ڣߣӰ˻ôҵļŲߣίʵķ׼ߡ

ʱ¥һˬ磬㲻ӾͲӣοΪ˼Сأ
ҵĵ¥ϣţҪӣ

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ȥ꾩

Ҹ˵ûˣҪѺȥ꾩ˮ·ȱ˵ͬȥ꾩Ҫˣ֪ӿӦ
л࣬ϸƤģǸˡ

ġ
ݲܲӦܳˮ·ȥȻԸ⣬ˣסϲɫݵػشš

ˮ·н죬Ҳǰܸϵ꾩Ҳδ˵
ǽȼü֮⹤ǮûŶ

ҲҪǮлºҾл
лﾫһЦּ̧䣬ǰҿɲʲôӽлǣ֪Ҫγƺӣ

ࡣ
Ҫȥ׼ǣ

ͷ⣬Ҫĵġ
л￴СβҡĻȤҼӵģȥμӴǵĻͷһμˣɣǰҼ˷㱾£ǲأµĶ

һ̫˳Щûԥ
лӢˬŮӣȻмֺøУټȷҪͨǵĻ쵽꾩Ӧͬȥ˷Ӧԡ

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лûֻЦŵȥ꾩ĻȥȾЩˣлҲ١

պ󣬽翣ʻ
վڴͷװ壬ĬȻǰããһƬ

ӿҪСģվڴͷҪδġлﱧűߵĹӣأˣŪ뵽µذСѡ
лĿѾ׵ڴʵܣ͸͸

лﰵ̾꾩Ǽһ궼û׵ˣ಻վίʵΣҲǼ񵽱ˣСѾͷ£ҲԾĸǣʱʱһ
£͸֣Ǳˮн

ദԼŮ֮лͿˣϴʱδסΪʱǰ˸ס֮⣬岻ʱҲչмӡ
Ҫлⲻȥ

ҪʱͻȻżæŵ˹лҵģǰйٴ迨

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ߺͻȻԶеĴ²Ȥ

л˰֣ʵʲô£˵λ;ʱˮϮ˲أˮ·ЩʱգŵھѹɿЩˡ
ˮôĬĬţ̫ƽͽܲˣҶ̾Լл

͵ϮˣҲǸͨ˵ԹʧһСү






13.  ׷   վǣԴǱʹһ

ټ迨˲лôͣ˰ա
ʱգ˵أͷ䣬شʵţ룬лȥݳԷ

֮ǰȥԶĵطǰȥݳǡ
ݳͬȫһˮ·䳣кӵǸˮֳһСһСóС

ʱٽأӹ˴룬塣

лխȥճȥľƹݣСѾͷ˵ĽֵЦŶСƹ񣬽տɻкΣ۽Ѽһݡ
ƹȻϵó·лɻʣﲻϲôĽյǳģ

лˬһЦλ˷鲻ѣЩʳ˿Щ
һûٿѹ˵űϸʣΪҪôã

Ŀʾˣлգգۣαװ߯أҲһ۾Ƴˡ
Ȼ

´λЩٺӣĶгӸûеСӣ
лΪ⿪ɻԭлұˣٵСöʱ˷ӱˣлЩ߱ϱãڻûѰˡ

Ǹ಻֪ΰο˷ְǧģĸʱ˺޵

㲻ѹñѩֻɰǱ˺źûҲδ֪л˵ţилѰѰþˣҪԼЩõ£ܼȥһ뷨ͼֲȥˡ

£Ҿ뵽٣ųԮæ˾ˣǰҺʹ硣

лʵʵ˵ǰ˷µһʱίʵͷۣرһĿΪɣȨǺüĻ
СѾͷȥҪʿ׷

ûԼҪѰ֮¸֪δˣֻҡͷ̾
ɵãϸ½ˮ֮£¹ˮ·½·ټҶϣϪһݵʮʵҲ̫ļˣôܳʱȥ

಻ûܣ޴δʳԹ
Űޣ£ҲܻзŻ

ң꾩ʲô£ʱȥܰæȸĸѰֻһжҪˡ

ڼҰİΣֱһΡ
ﲻصģţ꾩ҾĶҲȥټŻȥˣҲѰҵġ

⵹ҲʧΪһ취
лͷСѾͷȴܳ侲ܣжֺ⣬ˣ̩ھ꾩ЩģȥˣҰһͬҡ

ͷһůæ񣬡ڴˣл
лףͷðһͷѹȥ

ϣòСѾͷôòҪء
ˣҵȥ꾩Ѱ֪ 

*

ؿ䵢һг̣ˮ·Ǳ½·ա
ϵ꾩ǡǴ壬ڴϣ죬лˣִ꾩ĵһ£ǴŻƷ̣

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áһЦ֧㣬ʱͬл磬ãǰɰװ˳㻹Ƭ۵Сӡ

еĻƼˣվһ͵֡
˭֪ǻĶңС˷Ũء

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лɫ࣬ٴеĸоֻЦ˵ոһڹ֣ǴʱȥҶԷծҪģõȵźȥš

һգл꾩׷ˣ˽ͨԼϵѰ޵Ϣ˳ȥ
׷ծļҶӦҪô˺ʹ츶Ҫôв¹Թˣһңίʵ࿪۽磬ʶʲô

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лɴϵʵһãټⷱæˡ

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ն׵㣬׳Ķ֣л˱ۣ˶˴ϣˡ
Ǹֻк̩ھһǷûᣬһתծǸھֺ󣬱в

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һʱ䣬ͷ£һѿֵġ

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࿴ˣƤߵԵݻ
ﺬЦͷڵϲ׵ͷˣ۶壬ҲֵһЩӣ˰ɡ

˵գȥѣ׼״һԵҪܣκν̫࣬µˮйͨƬ̺ö˼
ȸˣȥı٣ױ䲻ʲôǶλӵĸֵܵĹϵ

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ϲ͵ˣҲ˱˷ˣǱɡ

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˵޳ܣԶԶֹˡ

ѹָĸĺԺЦǮأСҪӣȥȡɡ
л֪⴦ӪǲŮӽ룬ˣڵ

ôӲҪˣͬҽȥˣұӽ壬
ףҪ̧̫Ҫ򣬱һסͬȥ

ֵطʹãж磬⴦˶ӣᷢʲô¡
µģҪˣͬȥˣ۸ţͷ˰ɡ

˵佫ȥ롣
ͷָ׳ʵۣһ˺Ժ

һ·ߵԺ⵽ԺǰףòܹŮڱ赸ټġ
ֻٵ¥ûôˡ

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ţͣһ⡣

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￩һ

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үңСӡͻȻһرĵ˵ţֱƤ
ʱڵͣˣһʵ

ֹ̧ºӣһ˵ʱ׽ȥһĵī߱Ϣܺš
ǼʲôϽīô

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Ӻܴװ޲һӺи鰸ǰڻ棬òڵŮͣеĶײ

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ŷ֣ûΨͬ׽ݡ

үˣ˵ǷǮҪˣ
ӡ

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Ǹбµģ˶ҴˣҲֱˡ

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ס˱̴ۿɼٶȵκĶûС˷֪ߵغүȥˣһҪùˡ

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˷±ʣ̧ɨ򼸲С˷ҲˣȴǸеӵġ

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ĩˣ΢΢һЦС˷ʣдģ

£ͷǡ
ԷĬƬ̣ȥ˰ɡ

ǡ
˱Ҿˡ

ãлӡӦţƱպá
û뵽Է־ͰһǧӸˡ

꾩ڹӵܵô

Ṵڲ࣬ȴڻ
Ǿˡ

лתҪߣԷʣ֪Ϊ
֮ΪȣӲȥߣùڴ˱쳵

˦仰첽ݡ
չԱţứ

׵״Ķô˰òү鲻Ժɣȴôһ¡

ݣѹסࡣ
Ƿˣ

ԼŮװĹʵţ˼ҸӶƳˡ
ţӭһȺ˹װӣ§Ů

æͷܵһࡣ

Ҫ˵½ܰ޸綼гһ֡
ǱТģĸҿûôı¡

˵Цţ߹
վǣԴǱʹһƵģ죬һƬհס

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ǰޣ

ɫ½£ѻɫụ̈Щ˵ĻЩˣɢ֮ŵ˽
ͣʱ©˰ģҪŽʱʹ׷ȥȥʱȴ͵ƿ

̿ͣ
ޡ






14.  ϴ   ಻ˣ

һ̣౻סͷ־ܴѹӰ븩һȺǰ
ֻһ˲Ҵͷ

ϴˡ
첲ҪƵģ۵˲ۿ

ָɵۼ״æ׷Ʒں档

̧ףǰϸϸһüһۣСǳİ̺ۣͬԺеǸ˲ֺ

ǰޣġ

Ԩ׸һ˿ɫ˶һ˿¶ȣ㷽Žʲô
ޡЩɣȴǽг˿ڡ

ûпѹűɤĽ֡
֮ǰÿһ죬ÿһΡ

ޣЦ⣬Ļࡣ
ǰûС

һϢϢֱĸ첲Ҫû֪ûлӦ
ţԼŵαװλӺĹӶȴסͬһˡ

ߣʵ
Լͬӣܸо˴һģӸµһɨ

ߵͬȻҲע⵽ͻȻֵСȴƳĬֵСүλϷԺСðɣɤӿɻûأģҲϸۣ·߯Щ

δ䣬˲һɲڵɱ⣬̱졣

עȫڰϣɿڵĻش
ʶȲǾ䡰ࡱˡ

ڶԷϵĮ룬Ѿ𰸡

಻֪סֻǻ﷽ŷģͣˡ

ʱ޵ͻȻ࣬ľȾͷһ䷿뿪ڵźһλӡ
ҲڿһˣĿԣЦӯӯĵ˵ͷڵƵģ¶á

¶һ˿Ȼ漴Ϊɨ࣬תѺʶϳȥ
ǡ

л˰β˳֣ȥʲôʱͬ۱Ѻ¥ĩˣϺݺһơ
˶ۼֿ죬һס࣬ûˤ

Ҵɨǰ˳Ѵǰ͵һ£ۿεƵģ˳ȥ

֣߬ʧǵģ̼ˡ
࣬ǲǻ˶۸ˣȥˣ

ĳסӻȡƱҴĨ˰
ǷѾ׷ˣû£̫䣬۾ۣǡҷͬ۶ˣЩġ

һЦ۾ĸƵģ۵˲̫٣Ҵȥȥ
ƱһƣǴׯͨҵƱû⣬ϲüң̧һӣˣմȥʸԶٺõģ

ϣллҵģ
лɫ԰ףЩģ˸ͬȥʸ

ʱ¥֮ڣԺǸոһǧòˮҪ٣ϵ޺ˡ
ǼְɣȻظˡ

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һ㿴ңҿ㣬ͣһ˲󣬶Լͬ֡

ʵߺ˶˿
аԱţ½С²ǷˣɲԻƣҲήˡ

ͷ޴ߵԺţŤʽףźȥȥĶˣ
״С͸ޣ׽ȻҲӵģ¥·󣬱˴´̽˵ϸȥ

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ڵô£ûм²ȥ

үǼǸСھֵ˷ۣ־ծδ׸ҴȥλҪӣ˵ѾҪˣھֵĵҴȥʸԾȥˡ
׼ӲʣүҪô

ĬĬӦĶѰȥСԺҡ
ǡӦ£Щ㲻ΪζԽģеСԺ֮ǰʹ͵ģѾòסˣҲֻҪܿ˵ʱŻһá

ŤҪߣ޳ԸӦ£Ҫ֪
ǡ

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ҹ纮꾩ڵƻͨͣں̩ھſڡ

ڹ˵Ȼ٣ôľơлһûһǰţҪǰϿҪĻǱһ١
ϣҵģ˵Ҫ͵ģý˾أ⻹մ˷Ĺ⡣

Ŷۼҵ˷б£󵱼ҵĶҪĿӣ׷ˡ
ģȾҲȸдġ

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ϵĵƹ˳ŷ϶Ůմˮ۽ϣӨӨ

бǣ˳èɵĲ񻰡
лһ뵽ͬںԺ£ֹסð

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ش˭˭ܹ

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ƣʲôʲôӶһ˳

лϴһųݡ

գҹȶ˵࣬һѾȥš
ΣӦ

лʱžжûУ
һŽ߿Ĺ˿ȥģûס

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15.  ޣ   ӰǸ

գɢ˼ƵۣرձѺļͷ̣ԴҲʹҪըѡ
ۣɨ۴⣬зǳ⵴ڴϣɵġ

컹ô
̧θܡ

ҹúôƵġ
һ¶ǣʵˣٺ棬ֻѭºõָһȥѡ

̿յڿڸκЬȥˮ
˼⵽Լһȫİ

ⲻǺ̩ھ֡

ڸɾ࣬мҾ߲࣬ȥĺľ

Ȼףŷϵ·ˣĵһ
ʲôͨȹ

ͷɢϴŹɵ㡣
Ϊϴˣ

̫ѨͼЩʲôϧеĻͣͬʸ
ģһƬհס

ʱ⴫һܵĽŲɱژź

Ҳ֪λûڴõá
Ҳˣ⻹ûأҹӿ϶ҪظסģˮһȰѾ˵

ܿ죬űƿ͸ɴǽŮӣһƵƣжЩʲô
봲齲ԶǼ˴ʱɻװ˯

ƼϵıӰţæľ̷£ѱӸǺá
˶Ҫˣ㻹ʲôӡûпѹѷˮݸƣźѾƣȥˮ

ǣ꼸˶Իƽ
ӣⲻǼ˹ݡ

ӣӣˡ첲˳ãĶԶ˵ǡ˭Ķ

໺ۣӶߣû⵽ǲԾʿˮ

ơϹΪѡŮŽ˶ˣǰŮӣ˾֪μ
˰̾ҹʱ̫æûϸλӼѩϸ壬͸죬üᣬδʩ죬Ƶ˾ĶǣһΪѡѣϴãǻ˵ã

գȴҲȻΪһ򲻽ŮɫӻͻȻСլôˡ
ӦǾ䣺Ӣѹ˹ء

˶ǳڸˣأ˵ʣֻЦҶֻū澣źϴģģϴˣλ˱һж֪ˡ
λˣĬĬһһӵģҲ֪˵ǲͬһˡ

˭

˴ײҪȷˮѾʱһƿǴ룬ܾϡ
Ůӣһ⣬Ըͬҽֻλ˹˵̸ġ

еǿӲԱͷǣرȥˡ
ʵŽЩʱŵĲУ˿ĿҲ
뾡׷ʲô

ƽ໥һۣ뵽ǰǾ仰СĪҪԹүϣޣ꾩ڸŹŮĽˣôǻء

ޣ
һը

㷽˵ʲôӽޣ
ǰѲɲ֪ƼǾɻȴҲûȥ

ү
ǰڹʱǸ߲ʡ

ĪҪ˵ӣ˵ǻʵ۵ݣҲŵġ
ԡڹǰڳװʶ

ҲǣŮװҲͰˣƾɣֵôӵܵ棬ôôࣿ

ӷĻͻȻƴճһпޱȵʵ
ǰ

ӦԼݣСӦϸϸĳԼ£ܶ¶Ͳͨʶ޵ģϪΪһӰɡ

ɰֱô
ǵĸҲǼٵô

ϣΪ˾ϧ
ǲǼٵġ

ദҹҹĥĭ
ҲǼٵġ

ΪʲôȻȴŶ˴أ

ǻȻɬ֮⣬ҲҳһƬ

Ѿû취˼ˡ
ٶȥҪ˵ġ

ҵǺǻȥʹ˵İɡ
ƿƼ֧ãѷˮݹȥССڵĺˡ

˿ϣ㽫·Ϊϸ׵
ʱˮĽýһ㶣ͭϺݺһţ纷ĽͲЩ

˦¾䡰ڵȡˡ
ƺѾϰ߽Ƣû˵ʲôΪϴɾȴԸٻױ磬ֻò˸Ҫߡ

ﰵЦСӻԸأ֪˭ⲻҲż
ĪҪɫΪƵơȥȡ˸Ƹ˼ӣųš

֪Լԭ˯һҹһգҲ֪лˣͻȻǶ𣬶϶Ҫĵġ
ţЩꡣ

ö˴ӵųݣͥԺ÷㰵Ʋɫ
ͻԹ۲ԺֻûйŵģЩ֡

˴ҹ庮ſʴ£θ
ںĽĴ󱳣ӡ

ţδԼѹ
ͬ޲ͬҽ߳ĹˣֻǸͨͨŮߵŮûʲô

ʱƽȨ֮ľ޴֣ԸԽġ
ǰǰ̬ȣӡ֤ô

ԸͬЯһͬͬãۼ裬ҲҪһ
ѳȢޣֻǰ֮Ҫͨ

ǶȻϵġ

һϲ
ֻһΡ

أţͣһƻͨ⡣
ӰǸߴΣƿš






16.     㣬СүʵѾˡ

ơΪÿӣһӲ˱Ƕ
⽫ǰŵյ

˲ޡ

ЩӡںԺס
׼ˣĿһ۱ϣδʩ죬ںڵͷ࣬Ƥѩϸ

չļСӷ˰

˵׼ǰ֮룬ôˣݲɵˡ
ŵ˵λɫȫ꾩Ҳ

Ҫߣ˵չ磬Ѳģҽף
еӣָĿǰޣ

ʲôүӡˣģҪ

ŤʱƽȻŹغ뿪
ҼӵȷΪޣںԺסλҼӡ״ԶŻش

ǹӣһʱûܽܰʵݣȷϡ
ǣԹĵӣҲǶӡ

ˣĵǶӣɼ֮߹Ǹ߸ϣµү
ֲã޲ǰϣһ䡣

ӷᣬ۾˲ˣţûԼᡣ
ʲô˼°˴һ󲻺ݵȹǴ֮ͬԵôҳݣ֪Ѷˣ

ޡ
ͷһ

СүȻˣ
ͬͣȴҲǴСһ𳤴ֵܡ

ͬһҲͬϹүһ𳤴Ľϵ£״С͸ߣͬѰͲһһԵܵܵĹػ
СүʲôãɾǶŮ֮ºȤʮģٳٲȢ˵Ϲү򸾣ʵ۱ҲΪǹġ

ѹסлϲ԰꣬⣬ʱоƸӣţҲΪӵİΣ
㿴⴦ӵСլڴСסһʱգưЩԻỹһɣġҪͬӽˣЩūŵģҽ

྾䣬ҡͷҲסͬһ꾩ͻȻᵣġ
ģѰ׵

մʱţһƷˡ
ǿƣѾóӡ

⴦Ժ徻ӼļλŮǴӹģƽȱʲôʲô֪ͬһǡ
ĿģǰסͻȻֵĹ

ԣӲڵһ꣬ͬףһƽĹ֪ԼǹӣȻǻỶϲģֻҪףϹͿݵƢҲ̧ͨ
ִ֮Ӵ߳ŮҲȸˣһǡ

ôţĹȫӦء

಻𣬱ͷȥ

Ҫôأ
û޵棬Ҫô

໹²Ǹġ
ǿӰʱͻȻͣ˵磬˽βͻһֱŲ¡

ǲһҲҪ棬˵ǡ
ҰûǰҲǽ

һ㣬⡣
Ͼ⣬ֻˣ޴һжһ

ģҪȼС
ĬƬ̣ͷãס

лǻЩֻɫ
׿ˣ¶ϲɫӶǣЩѾˣҲ˺Ժ

ҪԼͷˡ
ã࣬¿ɷ֪ӷͷҲøԺ֪һ

ûж룬ѿڴ࣬ɽˮࡣ
ףָһӵʳţԼݣ첽ȥ

*

Ժ鷿

һ·Сլӱ޸ϻԺֱȥѰ鷿æµޡ
̧ۼδʣôˡ

׹һЦߵ鰸ǰϸϸԼӣأţүүû뵽š
޽һƲδ׵ʧ෴˽Уദǳ̬

䣬ͬǡǡ෴úöܶʱԸôһڡ
û뵽ʲô׷ʣġ

үڵһ꣬Ѿͬλӳס˵ʱüɫ裬ֻſ޵ķӦ
֮ǰֲµˣ׿ڽ΢ü

ʵ㱨ү·˸
ô

׳̾͵żӻŮװһʱûסԼۣλۣȷ֮ò
һǳЦŮ˿ЩֶεģҲɵöۡ

ԺȻð档
ŮӱѺţ㴩ֲۣɫȷ

ֶΣүǻɡײ⣬λӽᣬһϸүеֶζִӺ̸
޼¶ɻ󣬲͵Ӧ˵ҴϪ뿪֪֮ͬڵ˻ϣҲǰͷΪľǱܡɾ޷ļƻ©ȥ˷ףϢ˭©أ

ĿǰҲֻǻɣʵòһ㣬Իпţ㽲ŮǣǷƷһССϪУָŮӣô
ȷ̫˳ԣԽԽ£ÿղûлͷͬŮ˵ʲô˵Ļ

ɫ䣬ֻŮ˿ģǷɶԣӦͬڴסһʱգȢףΪӦ᣿

׻Ȼȷ˵;Ϯ˼գӦʼնӣֱǰ븮ҲûᵽйСӵ¡
ⲻ

޿ǿЩϣ̾һʹӺδ
Ϫ塣

⵹ǶԵϡ޳ĬƬ̣뵽̫ӵ쳣Ӧɫɵð˼֡
Щ̫ɺϣر棬ǡɵ̫ӣò롣

Ůͬλйϵ㽫ƾͼƣúŵӡ

ͷĥǲǸðŮӵĳԴöȼһʱ޷Ըףһͳˮ·ȥһϪ壬һеȲ˵
ǡ

*

СլѾסա
ʧ䣬ѣȻ֣ûлôá

Լκɳ󣬱ʶԼʵˡ
λ׿еʲô޻ͬƭ˵ġ

޴ȥСү꾩Žġ
Ⱳ񶾵Ĳ²ˡ

֮⼸գ˼ĥط󣬰޶̬ȺкܶнͲ塣
رںԺ޿ʱɫеǣڿһİһ

һÿһ֣ÿһ룬֡Ժ
ţԶյĸ飬޻ͻȻ鵽һ˿оûС

뵽޵ĳ׵ĻҲǰ򵥣ˣΪ֮
ȻʳöȱԺ̺ŮǸнƺЩ˳ۣλǴĹ־ء

أСլҲûôˡ
಻òϣĿǰ˵ġ

ֻԼ޷֡

⼸գӽơе֪ʮģδȢףҲûͨǵˣ꾩УиŮɫš
˿

ٲõԼǵ߲㡣

ҹ캮¶أýƽϢȥˣԼ£ǰӴʱ䡣
ЩнģЩʱ꾩еĹ£Ϊ𾢶ͬһͬһͬЦżѹתʶֵˡ

ͷΪŮľʹ飬鰸ǰĴӡžડһͻȻˡ
һӺ룬Сۡ

˲ϲᣬȥشϣŸݸߵӰ
Էںҹ֮Уؿ

СӦߺ磬ڣĬĬӹغá
ôʳں־⻰ЩĿڵ㱾޵£Բԣ

Ӧ߰ͷվ棬ͷƼ¶С׵ľӣ͵ջߣȴ̲ס´
һμࡣ

ʱصǳźɫȹڵ̿Ѭ÷ۣī࣬浾˳ӣͬмģһģһ
ʵһˣڳҭҭŽû

Ϊ֪ҪҪ׿ڸǸпʵ
ˣһ·ۻϪȥҹ˸ա

ظĵһʱ䣬ӽߣ¡
ʱ֪ѱСլˡ

Ӧһڼڣɴδᡢҹ

ʣӦֻ˾䣺㡭
ŶԷͷʣ͸һ

ʳٳδֻǰιӰߴһĻ
СӦ۾Ѿκˣ

Ӧ̧ףĸƵۣǾ仰˿ڡ
㣬СүʵѾˡ






17.     ΪǸˣͰǸ

ʮģɵѹúܵͣ˼յѩƮ
˹ţһڹԱͬεĴ亮䡣

ɫٷǴ߳һȺ˴ӵϣΧס

ϲСүϲСүߪ䡣
һȺѽѽڶ߽еķִ̧лɫֻԻЩ

ʱڹŵģǳڵǽͷݣϧ֮ģֻǸפ߽ЩҲƲ

һ㣬ĹԱҲס
䣬Сүйݣ㱻ָ߽פأɼǶ಻ʵá

˵˫ȫ˽ʿȴ߽ǰϹүĻʵݡ
֮ʼ֮£Ȩף˭˵

˭뵽ʧһ޸ջسã㱻°ȥ˴£ֱӲ˴Ŀȱò⡣
һʱ䣬СүĲ˵ƣȴҲͬùϵ

ͷӦ꣬ҪԶ˵
ĿһƣԶ糳̫Ųæ

Ƽ̫ӣۼĹԱΪʶ࣬ɢȥ̫ӹֵ̫ӵ¡
̫΢΢һЦ͵ӣֺαؿ֪ǰʱϮӲ㣬ֻȥЩƷպԺһֽš

̫˵Цˡ
ô˵ЦأˣֿɻǵɧС˷˵С˷ֺȥ󣬵ʧˣ⵹ǿңû֪д軭ˡ̫¶ϧȴһֱޡ

ŶͨͨȴͬǾʶ¹Ȼϵ飬ƽͬƽն˯һء
޺ܻͬӣ£Ҳ࣬ԶԶȥֽ֮ơ

̫Ըŵ京ɳӰָȥһ£ɵս嵶
̫ӲΪȻɴȤţҿС˷ȴĽأˣҲֻҵĺѣּȻȸˡ

˵գ̫ŤԼȥ

̴ӼԶŵʣүظ𣿡
ȲأҸطϢ¡䣬⼸Ϲ֪ߪֿʼаʽŹŮ࿴ᣬʱظⲻԴ¡

ְ󣬾ڽͻȻ̫ƽȥԵ顣

۳Ͷ٣޴ʱΪۣ֪˯ˡ
̴СĻŷѾͣСլſڡ

ɫȻ£̴ЩɶͷԣүΪ˶徲ЪСլﰡýүСլǲˣ
үҪȥ¥Сⷦ̽ʡ

أЪϢաû˵ʲôŮӰСլе£ڳӦûе֪
ϰ߰͵ϢҲûġ

գ޴߽Сլ

*

ʱСլڵ÷԰
ڵյһС볨ǡ¶֦÷ѩƮҡȻɡ

ڣŻӣơ񡢽ת¡
ⱾǰոյõģΪʣϲĽĵһʱ˷ȥ

ӲģÿҹơƵƵۻϲ򱯵Ĺ£ǰذصģ񫣬Ҳ
ǲģرӽ˵ΪλᱻСү͵Сլֵϧ

Ͼ绨͵Ĺ˶ϡٵСլ﷦ζԼٲЩӣЩ⴦ͳ֡

ƿЩڸΪյõѩ÷裬˹ȥ
ӣȺȵˮٽ

΢Цӹӽ鲻ֵݹȥһСֱ

֪ʧ䣬ǹϴӣϸľƽ

һĿհ׻ǰ޲ʲô԰޺˵ȫ
Ϊ˰޿ð£ˣˣԸΪȻֹĸƴһΡ

Ȼ˾ȻԵСòǴ÷ѩ裬ǶѩˣģӹõǺܿ졣

ͷɤӣҪŴߵǸլӵԹ¡
ʮͷ˵СүפرһսΪ˱Ӷ첲ؾ󣬾ͱСլ˸ַʵĲ¡

ͬ죬Ҳû˵ʲô£ͺǿżһЩõĲ
ͣ߼ͬ𻰣ۻԼ˵ԹҪȥæ£Ҿȥæˡ

еķţʣʲô£ȱ𣿡
ˣǼӽ°ɣϰºνҾͺá˵ţݡ

һƨذϣĹҷԹ¾ͶԽãͬΪѾߣôҾţ
һɵЦˣ̧½ƵĶ䣬ʲôѾͷû¸ɻ͵֣պ˷ˣѲɻԼţ

Сһ죬ţ˵Цūû˵ģҪ쿪ۣܸͨ檶䡣
㳤ôɰƯƾʲôҪȥͨЩʱսĶӶǰ׽ˣ㿴Щĸͨ˺³ģ鰮ͷֻһա

СϽҡͷӿ˵ЩˣСȥЩԽĻҪܷġ
ӯӯһЦ⴦ҵĹԸĶʲôأˣǻǼ°ɡ

ͷͽߺȥ÷԰Сһˣ񳿼˱õѩˮ÷һȥ
ͼ״չȥʣҵ׼ʲôöԭЩֲûүźϲ衣

ҡͷֻǸ˲˵÷ˬڣаЧø˯þӡ
źܲϲ͵͵ô˽ϵһر𣬹ʶ룬Ӿ׼ĶӦûϲġ

Ȼõ÷ѩͽݺӲˣĵĳ˾䣬Ҳֻýȥˡ
һ䣬㹻һֱڵĽϲϡ

Ҫ֪үһ䣬˵ЩҳŮͬӳͣҲٵõӳޡ

ʱЦĳָŽСѾͷڿϣҲΪôõ·ˣүѾЪˣȥæİɡ
ϲüңҪ뿪뵽ʲôʣүû˵źô

̧ţɵӣԼûүĴأܱ⹦򣬻ú´Ūʲôүź˰ɡ

뵽ڣӲȻڿӣĿھ
ӳãҲӢδ䣬ͨҲĸԸ

һ·С÷԰ڵĹ»ѾɢˣеźЩõ鰮үһôܱأ

Žһ·ȥ˳¶飬ָǿʣ޼÷ոհѲĶȥˣҪ÷ѩӲ裬ȫÿˣûúˣ
ͷɵһʲôӣɲҵӣҲУŰˣѲס÷԰ͰԼ˲ɣҪô㣬Ҳˡ

˵ŵܹȥסӣɲҽ䲻ūԼˣʲôʱܰԼ˵ˣҪˣ⻹˵ã
һ˦ƿĽһûվȣ̨ϣͷ

Ƽ״æȥʵ˵˰ɣСլˣصȥ̣رĿң˵ҷ̵ĵõ
Ӷ⣬Ϊβȥһ𳤴ĽãҷȰǳۣպͶ˭ãŪԼլﰾƣʱ޶ûطȥ

˵գŤҪߣ̧׼ſŸˡ
ɫݵ߽û˵ʲôֻǷ˰뵹ڵϵĽ񣬵ˣͬȥҸϵҩ

֪񷽲ſԴѪ˳ŷ˿ʿһƬ
ҷŲǹġЩˣȥæһѣɽŭĵһ̣ҪͬƴƵģţЩίֱŤˡ

Ϊ˿ڣҩѰ£ڱϵĽﲻһֱۿԴϲ˸ɫñӣ־úЦ
ʲô飬ֿЦģ˵ġЦЦ˰ɣϳЩʲôҪҪЩԪ⽣ҰĻ

ӡôҲżžᣬ̲ס
ʲô

һˣ˱죬ſǻ͡ӰòСլһˣ㡣
ֻЦЦ㲻ǵôͬҽǸʲôôʶҲˣǱ԰ɣô

ĻᣬӣҲܣԺҪӣү䣬ӲҪ
ˣƵƵͷӵȷӦЩŽӦǰͽµģ⼸ȥź򡣡

ˣվֻЦЦ
ҪЩôȻǿ϶ġ

ֻһǽ֮Ҳļ尾ֻԼˡ
ˣŲż

ΪǸˣͰǸˣʱ˯Ǹûѡ




18.  ԪV棩   еүǡ

ʮ壬Ԫڡ
Ǹշ⣬˯ȻϾѣַ̧ȥϸܵĺ

εǸŮˣȾѪŵһһµţ᲻أȴʹȥֲʹȥ
ɫ£ڣżһɵ˵

ƼϷ̵ġ
ϲʳ𣬵ҹûԹƬ̣һСڡ

ˣƤִ࣬Ҫģڵġ
֪ģĲ汻̴ݶŽʱǡײԼڳԵġ

һС̵ĶҪԹˣֱ߻ûȲء
̴ȥΪ˲ˮٻʱĵĶˡ

ĲҲǽģ˼Сլǽź
̴üͷ壬үĻǽǽҹģ˵ǸãҲӲ±סһ̿ڵģýƷˡ

үԵķƣ̽ʣҪҪȥ÷԰ɻжģЩûظУ
أһĶѣ油¡˲մŵʱɫˣȸϻعһҪμϯ

Ԫڣչڻ磬گ׹ݽʹͣʵۻٳžеĻʽͬԪ
޵ݣȻҪͬϹһͬʥ

ȥԺ׼ûʱǡ˶ſ̳
ȵȣ÷԰ģҰɡ

ƽӹӣʰʱǿյģǣ㻶ϲˡ

̵ҹԿģǸѧģ֮ǰ˼ζ룬ҹǹǷζƴԺϢûнţ㰵ȡһ˹ȥ

ĶˣȻģֻ´ʱȥ̺

˿̣÷԰ڵԴ˺֪飬ͬƣգæĲֺ
ŽҹԪڣ꾩˷̻ʮﻪƣϧͬԵȥ飬÷԰һ͵ƻᣬͬСլһ͡

*

Թ
Ϲүͬκһòͣκϼүּ꣬η£ɵøŵ

үôˣǲǷ˲ɿڣȥЩ
Ϲү٣̬ŨüۣӢü̾ǣк˼Ļ£ԺҹȥСլסģѹûֱӱܿͬˡ

κһЦοүȢ֮ҿȷŷŰɣƽǷ汣ӣүûãͬղ̫һˣȻ첲ȶûëˮʧ˼䣬վǲôƣȸκʧ̸֢İɡ

Ϲүκһ뵽˼ʱͷʧ֢
ʱһӱ߹һˣܹˣ˼䣬ﶼˡ

˵Ķԣʧ֢ѲͷһηˣȷκãӦ˵һڴռ䣬˵ݣԼֶǵˣѾǰˣҪȻպĸ׵ļգһкȥء

κϲǹүԭ䣬үԭʱͻ⣬徣κ̫ʱָүģΪҲչ˺øճõСӡ

κңͬүܺá
񣬴缺ֻһŮŮ˼Ȼǰ

ʹ̫ҽⲡ֢Ϊǲò׼ҽΡ

δ䣬Ϲ̾˿Ǻã
үĪҪż̫ҽ˵һҽлֻۣشĺҽҽιʧ֢븮ɳЩȥΪҽΡ

ã˼ôˣţʱΪӾһˡ
Ϲͷ׵Сүظˡ

򸾶˸˼꣬ޱš
˼һšүϳһɨ⡣

ޱֻͻԺ·εɫԻȥš
Ÿճһ̵ĵģڷǵܱ

Ȼ򸾲֪ѵһԶٷһһĸ˲ٲˡ
θڳܣȴǼŰ˼нķ˶ˡ

ʹϣʵ⵽Թһûôӣǲ˴͹ƣٱȤԹСˣôչ磬Բˣ
ԹһЦ񣬡ǵܵܣֻδأأ

˵գһЦоƺ󣬻ʵһûһӽ
Թ٣仹ŹɺƬ̣ѻʵ۶ˡ

ʵĴãһڳǰƽԪʮ򾫱֮£˵֮ʱֱӼһƴ

ϯһƣЩͷˡ
ΪĲǱµųӵʼҺӣ棬ƴ˲ʲô˼

ҪǸ򷢵߽פصСүš

ߪ䣬λȨأСүߣиȣ˵ǰɱȥ׷ģɼ˲㡣
ƴһжòһˡ

ڵһڽⳡԵװףһԵĺ׾ǣɾһˡ
лӵȻĽʣûӵֻ˸֣ƼߵλҪˣϲüҡ

Ԫ磬µ˵治ȥԼӣȥԹҵçͷСӣɲǴ̫ӵĸʺô

Ȼ룬ʺ㱧ˣһֱϲŭ̫ӣҲѹĸΪ볡ʵ۴̫ҽԺȥƲԼϯٹͬ졣
ɢκϼԺȶ˵Ĺү°һͬȥϢڱڣκֻӸȥչˡ

ͷԹ˲һ·֮󣬻ʵŤͷ˾Լߣװʲô
ԹһЦ̧ƿǹˣֺ

ʵ̧һӣˣʲô˵գαҪװݳôһϷ
䣬Թͨһȥֲ֣Ҫٸ˼ˡ˼ŴգиϮľλڵĹӸɢһɣǳͬ褶ĸԸ

ˡ
ʵ۳ĬãδʱߴӰڵϲԹ޵㸸ˣԸڹУظϢȥɡ

*

£ƻ硣
˵Ϊʲôͬƽһæµ˺üգΪףԪڣһ浽ˣȴͻȻû£ֻҸ徲ĵطţһ˴š

ȷиȥһ֪Ժиܴ鷿

÷԰׵û¶ýƽլһͬͣÿһ˳˷ֵһζӵĸԪ⣬һյơ
˱ԺӵҲǸȥޣЩǰõľƣԺլԺȥõҲǺõġ

֪⴦Сլλڳںδ鷿Ҳò徻ʱʱĴ˳̻׷ŵġ
شʱԪѾʼ۾ˣ̧ƴ⣬ӲӵģѹƲѾҹ

֪˶ãδ֧Ӵ˯ʱϵûˣȡ֮һС볨ĵġ
˳ŨŨȥƤֽװ˪Ƥġ

ޣʶĽгڣվڽӦǰһ㣬ҡ
СӦ㰡ݳ΢Ц£ϳԷ˸ԪӣҪҪԣ

ӦˣһƲΪǿܾûԲˣΪһΰɡ
Цӯӯȥʣ޼Ԫ÷԰ĳӲ֪ʱѾɢˡ

ӦǸӣĳ꣬ĩֻ˵˾䡰һ㡱಻գأĵĳڣ
㣬ȥ𣿡Ӧӣ䲻ʣҴƣǸ̫ˡ

ڽƼյӵƣǿɰţˣһϲ
̫֧ܰ࣬߼ǲףζġ

ȥ
ȥ𣿼ܳȥǱˣСӦҪô죿

ҡҡͷ롣
үǲģӦڳʼݲμ䡣ӦΪڵүĽڡ

еүʶİޣûڵ
滨ƺܺÿҲкܶݣ˵жҲ뿴ôӦģ֪պܴ󣬵ȥ䡣

ˡ
Ҵլ￴أ

ԭӦеլ￴լ￴֪ĶŪ.ӣݶ
⴦ƲߣֻԶԶƹ貵¥ǽһĽֵֻܸܵ˿̳жô֡

ĶͻȻʡ
Ӧָһʵĳ¥ԶԶȥƲе¥

Զ񿴵վڳ¥ϵˣŽйվȺȨĵ¥ϣ̫ƽʢ

ٿأһӦæ㣬£ˡ
Ӧߵķɿ죬Ƕ仰˾ûˡ

ĿڸӦˣҲĹ۵ơ
˳.£Ťȥ鷿׼ʣǵ㿴ȥ˯

صǴԺ䣬һƬЩɻѲ鷿ĵˣ
û룬̧Ŷ룬ռ̨ʱһټִӺڰ̽˹סĲ




19.  019   

ǰ
, ޲ŲĵԹظδ·;ԹͻȻˣСƢ˵ʲôҲϻȥ, Ҳȥ¡
Թžƾ, ҪȥʸԾ, ˵֮Щ࣬ö̸̸ġ

ޱй, пƣ뵽ձĸ׼գ׻, ҲͲϡˡ
ټ󣬸ͬԺһĻ, Ŵй, вɵ¼, תȥˮ

Щ, һֱر߽Ψǰؾְܼϸĸһ, Դ, пǷĶࡣ
Թ¶, Ȼ̸δıĸϵ£Ϊѵ, Ҳⲻ˸ˡ

׼ᵽ, ԼѱĨȥۼԹ¡
Ϊүĸݣһĸ׳ɻ飬סԹλ֮, µŹ̸һ׮

ˣ޲ܵƣΪ١

ԹἰģЩ޹ؽҪ£ֻĬĬš
һһ˲٣һֱĺʱ֡

Թʤδ뿪ʸ˯˹ȥǲ˽ͻظڣԼ̴ͬתȥ¡

ʱµ¥ԶԶܿһǣ̴Ӽշ죬ӭƣСʣүҪźΪȡظвİɡ
ɡ̧ܾ֣ʾͣ¡

Ŀ֮䣬һˣž쳣
ͣ˻޻ͣ¹۲֮ʱΧðһĺɱ֣ȥѹѹһƬ

ƽոְδϣߵ̴ֻӣĳЩ˵ȷõֻᡣ
꾩д̣üͷһѹȥԷֻô졣

һ̻Ȼը֮УһͬĻֵ˳
һٶɱ¾ʼ

ٿأĲԶʮˣ齣Ѹٽޱ
ӣߣ

һϡ
޸ߺһָˡ

Ѥ̻ȫ⴦Ѫ

̿Ӧؽɱڴˣвƺ˲ϧΪ˴һ¶ȱ㡣
Ҳˣǲлٵжࡣ

ǵⳡɱ¾˶ãУֻЩӡ󡪡ɱ˺ܶˡ
ֱ첲ʧڷӽ

ԷŰɱĴ̿ԴԴϣûоͷ
һ˵Ĵϣ˵ʬ塣

һ£ڻӽٽլУס

˳űܣһ·²ԶСլ֮С
սŲãд̿׷˹

ںڰ֮УֻȶԷһס
˲źᣬ߬еĲϸҲûʲô

޾ò̫Ծܵ֡
⴦鷿ƽ˸ô

Ψд̿һˡ 

Է־ܴ౻һŲӣڿУԺһƬհס
ȥԼֻ֣ȴճһƬճȡ

Ѫ
̫ˣЩʧ飬ôѪʱûų

֮£ܿʶԼǶ֣ҲöԷù
ƴȫֿٽԷƤ⣬պ׷Ѱɱ֣ܿµЩư

ⶼһ֮뷨ˡ
ϢоѣԴǱһӱ׶ǴѪʹ̡

ٿأ̻ţӳ졣
ͻȻںҹпƣѤĹ˳Űŵŷ˲еһǡ

˼ҹԤ׵ĳǰ
пֿЦķʽ

ޡ

ʱޱȻҲݣҲϳ˭ˡ
ɫɱ纮īΨйɱ⡣

ֻǻǿͻȻѣƤⱻըϸ飬Ѫ罦
һʱ䣬ҪϵĲˡ

һ𲻶ϣ˵ǻھΪʵʢ侫׼ʥǽԪĸܾ߳á
Ż⣬࿴ƵĽѿһĿӣݱ׵ǰѾ͸ɰ졣

ˣ˵ĺء
ˣҪɱ

ǰޣȴҲǰޡ
δ˾

̻ڿըӳ˶Էģ

ѤĹʵγʣûǰȴֱܵľϤ
̻ɢŮӱСȾһԵί

ĵһͷǣǴ̿͡

ࡣ
ӦУǸͬϪ׵Ůӡ

飬˶һ˿⣬ͬںԺ¶ļһ
һδڱп顣

ɫ¶鵽ʲôҲҪ

ǣŮӵ⣬һذף̽Ŀڡ
һμʱ򣬾ֵĸо

һۣ

ҲΪʲôģȴһֱûжֻ࣬ǽСլѡ

ҪŮ˵һõӣһУջһ㡣

ӣΪãȥ
㣬ôֻ

ݲ㣬ҲϲԼ㡣
ӺСʱ޾Ͷ֮صĵޱ

ԥŮӺɿǶƤ֡

һй룬ƽϼεЦ죬˶ȴһڡ
˫մѪ֣

ûа˿иֻҪҳһ̣ͻܡ

գۼ䣬ָ⣬Ữӡ
ôᣬ͸һմŵѪ

أĿ⧲ĳһ¡
ɿ֣Ҫ˵ЩʲôһͻȻǺУ͵ؿ·ܶҪѿƵġ

⵽ǸŮ˱ɿһµڵأ󻺻˵֮⡣

סӣֹסĿţ˿ǿҵ˺ѸС
̻޲ſԼſȳĶѪ

Ǵ˶ģ
޺巢ǿӻͳ֧ҩƿûüȥ˾ͻ˹ȥ

*

࿴ԻָЩѪɫޣ£ƺȸոպЩˣأ˿Լʹӡ
û취ȥ

Ѿ˭ֺҪɱҲҪȡ
İޣ⸱ĳһ˯š

᲻
ֻȰ쵰޾

˵ĺأϲ֪жٴСС˿ڣڶƤˣû˵ֻǰǵЩѴһʱ˿ڻҪ
ÿѵ˲ҩʱӦ˵ǰ

ûȥҽƽæ޻֮ǰȷ˵˾䡰ˡ
ദЩ˿ᳵ·Ӧ뵽ٻǰһ䣬Ϊ׷ɱŲ˰ɡ

ŵù˼

Ϊʲô඼㲻ݸ߹үΪʲôͷˣ

һξʱϮΣϪϻ꾩ĴϱˮϮ꾩ڣˡ
Ѳзô

أţһЩ˯

ҹûٷķǵǸͼӦֲ㱻ͻȻðɱˣڰҹչ
˿Ƿ۲޵ķδˣ̫Զűȥڵϴպһҹ
˺˾ʲô

û̫ȴǸڲµʲô˲ѹ
ȥĴ䣬š

࡭࡭
׵Ĵ΢΢䶯ţֳƣһһ֣úܳȴޱȡ

ͣǣʶסֹס˳۽׹ڶԷ̵ϡ
ǿţԼ޳Ǿ仰˵ʲô

˵ܣд̿͡

ԺըһƬֻ̻ǻĶֹͣˡ
Ƭ̺ԺиڻԾȸţ޻ˣްˣ

ǵصĻϲ£Щ֪룬齱߶ӵؿһ߬޹̵֣ú
׳־κκʵ̫̫ۣ߬Ű޵֣ڴߣ˯ˡ

һû˯̫ã˺ҹշ
ʱǱӽܣȴֹסĴ

ۣɫĴһֱŸĶ
ȥһŮ˵֣׵һ

͵س֣ͷ˴ʹһ˲ţˣԸˮȥ
Էƺ˯úܳ޲ͷһ

ˡѽһ̧ԹϣһãĿԼδظŵĻѾһߣǻϲޣޣˣ
ʹֻҹȥ

һ˲亰࣬лһδȥܽش
ȥҧгݵ˵꣬һĨԵʧ们ԷС

ָָԼ̾εޣְˣ
޲ûȥڸֻ˵˾䡰ˮ

û˵ʲôȥΪ˱ˮ꣬ҲûջرӣְֻѴڲĿͱӱ˳ȥ
ȥĶʣǻǱȼˣһ̵ġ

ȥ˯
ȥҪչˡѹŭ⣬оõŮ˶̬ȸղԲһˡ

СүǶ˻ǿˣܷԸǣҪչ˵Ĳ㣬ǰޡ
޲֪ڽʲôűӼߣվס

û߳ȥۻߵ齱߹Թ˳˳վǣڵʩ
ˮһʱ֪ҪʲôҪһˮ

ӹӣΪһʱ೹ˣ޴˿̵ɫзƵģʺӣڸա
û룬̧Ҫ¶ȣһƿĵسסᣣûԼˤ

Ҫʲôȥʱ۾ɵܣɵñƽո󣬿Ҳˡ

ҿСүɫ̫ԣֻһ¡
£

ҵ˼ǣСүǲڸշȣҪʧȥģ˲ޱҹӵǸˣǰİ޻ôԸ
ڻԴǣ೤ֱ̾µĿѧԡ

˵öͷ׼ȷģȻ˵ˣ޻ô

ԡҲԼȵĿҪιȥˣƽֱĿͷĴ
࿴Ǹӣ˵ġĸоĬƬֹ̣ȥüͷʣ˵öͷ׼

ࣺ
ĬĬÿͷȥȵ̵Ķ䡣

¶̵ˣһʣҪȥˡ
˾ʧˣٸһӣ֪Ⱳӻܲܺˡ

˼æϼ·ŤҪߣ޽ͣСլ£ͬڶ˽
δ

ǾͼסһϢһʱ䣬гκ֪
СүҹѾԸˣǲѾԺĲǵˡ

˵գͷҲصĳݣһǷ㶣Ů˿Źʵݵĺܡ
ӷŶݽӴ̸¾ֹȫѰ帾

²ңӦԣܴ

Ƕ̫ģ̫ҪɱֱӰʿǣɲ˼һС
̫Ӱŵģֻ˭أ

˼ţŸӴżæŸ˻¶ӣմ˺Ĵ棬żɽ˹
ûóȻΪֱȣֽԭҲ֪ûơšûٵ飬ѶռĸѩɸСѩשȻСİڼʵĽȸϡ

֮ۻڶˮʪ˿ӣ⿪£Сرܿ˿ڣΪȫ
ⷨѧģʱգȥҽԺڼιҩ¶ȳ39ȣͻַӸٽ¡

޼ܻ䣬ԼҲûʲôɺģɸźǣֲȫȻĶ㶵Ķһһ
ʱԸоˣͷҲûôˣ֪ķҪ˯ͷ

˯ò̤ʵ˯˯ѺüΣУ˺ۿǿ޹ˣ۾ҺЩˣȥϢˡ
û˵ʲôΪѺʰӳȥˡ

ǹǰ޵ģ෴ģȫǰޣǸոոȷʱƼϤĴС˿ڣӾͲķᡣ
ǰ֪ʲôݣº󣬿Щ¾˿ڣŲ²ǸӱǸйصˣδǸ֦Ҷү

һǰԺյү֮£ȴ˺ۡ
ͻȻ԰޵ĹȥЩȤҲֻͣڲȤѣϲĮ̬ȣ˵ףŮѾߣչȫڶɷꡣ

أæǰæΪˣлûС
ϲǸİޡ

Ǹ裬òİޡ
ԽԽûȥ˯ߵһ࣬ԼռǱһʱʡһİѰζãͨͨ¼ȥ

һգָҪС˱һʱʵˣ
ʱɲԭ

ԽдԽ֪ͣдʱƽѾʼɨԺѩ޲֪÷԰ݣ֮еĹ»ݵĵȥˡ

޸˺󣬰˯ҹһ峿˲٣Ҳ˸ᱡһЩġ
û⣬ˡ

С˯ǰռ˿Ҳûлŧơ
ϰ꣬ӺãҲ

ˡ˾䡣
Լ˰ʱƽڴϣÿһʱ䣬еԵĺһ䣺࣬ˡ

˯̤ʵ໹Ǳˡ
ۣ˱ˮ޼ˣѹõŭҵйڡ

ôź˵ģ
һ㶣һЦСţûźˣǰҷźҵġ

޻˵ڣʵЩڣ䣬˲ס
û뵽

еķ
ôǡź

ôܣ
޲⣬ޱķԸҶˣЩ

Ե˯ǰ׼ˣʱ˯İȣûжżȺõС˺Ͱ࣬͵ǰ
޲һƣ͵ˣ˲լĳʲôʱֶˣ

ӣġ
޳ĬƬ̣´ιҰɡ

˳ĵ˵ͷڴͷιں޺ȥͷͿ
Щȥӣȴ죬ôϳˡ

ӲôͲˡջӣҪߡ
Ϊڵģ

ϲġ౾˵ϲġɾǸ֡
ĬȻ˵ʧԸˣмѭǳײܺʱϲԵġ

࿴ֲţüƽϣ㽫Ҩ˿ڰ࣬ЩˬСι
ͷźֱ꣬ǷſһŤͷˡ

һϵĿҡҡ׹Ӧۼֿ죬ǰһȷס

޷žͼˣԹˣǹؾվڲԶš
ȳȥͬǽ

ӦߴĬĬ߳ţ¶û
˽ŲԶеߵ齱ߣүҹΪβظҪӦҵСլļǺţǡǿɾͲ꾩Ʒˡ

εĴ̿͸ѵأǴСʿˣعʱԹҲһ١
תӦʣĸ׿ɶã

ǣүģҹ¿Ǻź󣬱㽫ƽϹүˣһ磬Ϲүȥʥˡ
Щ̿أϢ

ҡͷ񳿹;е֪جģӱ޸˻ҿӦ֪飬סȥǲ鿴ȥĴ̿ͣЩͳһװõĶĲϣ嵶Ҳǽڿ򵽵֣ȫ鲻κϢ
鲻ŶԣҪǲˣ֪˭Ҫ򡣡

ǡǶŹģ
ҡͷ˵ˣЩ̿ͶǴСʿҾãνļԽ˼ˡ

סӦͷˮҲûָףֻʱʱˣţףȥ̨ءݡԪһˣȥ⼸ԣʬҲ˻꾩ͽ±ܡ
ǡвԸӦ£ү±ҡ

ĴҴˡ
ҽҹСլү

أɱҵ˻δģ㰵еˣ˿ۼճǼơ
СլڶЩ޴ļҶѾߣ

ûٴ˽Ƣæʧԣ͸ӦϹүǲ֪ϹүҹĲСլˡ
Ϊת游ףТøģȬӱϧ塣

ǡ
ӦŤҪߣͻȻסӦһм仰Ҫ㡣

׿үסӦ뿪
ֻΨʱ޲ʣӦϪζԴǸŮ˵ģ

ӦûүͻȻ
֮ǰֻ˶˳׵ʵүжôӣһֶû

ΪүѾϪǸ޸磬ǱǸʶԹӣôү֪Լһ谮ޱȣȴûκݵĽ޺󣬺ֱܻܿɱ˶Է
˵

ֻүɣܻ

޿𣬻˸ʽʣֻǸŮźҵģǲǸѰũһ֦Ҷģʲôã
Ӧգһʱû̫

үʲô⣿
Ӧ£ʶƫʵش𣬡ǣʲôᣬҲ̫ãźүȻҲǺܻᣬʵƽүЩ¡

۵Ȼһ˿Ѳ׽ľĬƬ̣ʣҿϲˣ
Ӧԥ̵ͷǳ⵽׵ĲƷֱ

ǣүϲԣܿλ帾úãÿζһ̡





20.  020   

Ԫں, 꾩һƮ˼յСѩ
ԹӣĴ²׵ĴϮ֮£ѾֵǷꡣ

ڶգԹѪðѩ, ʵմŭ, ȫǽ䱸, ȡԪʮʮյҹŽȫլԺаҰ, ѰӼ̿䡣
һʱ䣬ȫ꾩˲֪ޡ

գڡ

Իʺⲽ, Ůļ٣Զˮ, СʺĪҪż, СѾȥ̫ӵ, Ϣ, ԸţЩĲˮĵ油°ɡ
, 涼ַ, Ҳż

ԻʺЩˣջʵ۲ȫǽ䱸, ʹԺգոս, Իʺһʱ䴫̫ӡ

ԻʺڵڵԼĪʱ, ˮһһ̫ӲŻ߽
̫Ӵɫ޵Ľ쳤ۣǴϸŸ, Իʺﲻɵøëꡣ

ߵ̫ǰֵôô֪ĸã
̫ǳǳһЦ񣬡ĸ󣬸ĸ밲ĸĪų̫æδùţĽ֪ĸùţ

Իʺ󱾾ͼҪ̸ֵʲôʱˣţû˼ԣҪȥǼġ
̫ӲţˣҲһʱСĸ֮Ϊ󣬻ĸţĸʱġ

̫ͺ㣬Իʺ˲ݾܾ׻Ůǲ׼ţ˳ԵĲˣ̫Ӳǣѷ¿ӵԻʺůůһЦԻʺ⣬ˡ
ĸΪ̵ż

ǰԹϲƲǶŭҪ⼸εĴɱ¼ĸ⼸ڹﱻ㣬ֻܸżȸĸ󣬴Ϸľ֣
̫Цĸ߿ˣʿɱ֣ûš

֪ϸˣ
ǴԶ죬Ҳ·֪飬ˣˡ

Ȼңֻ˭ֳôĶ꾩Ƕ֣ѲǽԪɱ֣
ر߹أŴԪ棬ͷڽԪͣһֱֵǮ

ĸͿմ̿ǽԪģôȫǽϣн㣬׶ݲɻطأѾԽָ˹ڳá
ڡãԻʺһͷˮ

̫Ӱ̾ӣ˴¼Լз磬躹ޣӻûůȺ͸ȥǲǵˣɱɱ˭أ
䡭ԻʺظԺðȥ̫ȻһЦ˵ͷ

ĸӢΪ¡ĸ׿ɻǵչ磬ĸ˵Ҫںһʱʤڷͷʢôıç򣬺ƽƣܻЩϼһ￴ȥġ

Իʺգ⼸ѹͷľʯȻ˴룬ɲǣ飬׷ȥ֮ǰŵġ
ɽˮˡ

̫üһ䣬סԻʺ΢΢֣ĸĪ£ˮֻǽˮˣɱġĸЩ󹬷ͷʢǼôء
Իʺһ㶣ܳΪô֪أ

ţм˶ҲأĸһѰ

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ͣƮѩޡ
һ磬ƼʹļͷɨȥԺѩ

ŽͷϵûãһɨŽִǼСۺ̲סȤ֮ǰɨҲˣ۽ȥɨԺӣ㴩Ǹ˭أ磿Ʈѩ
Ǽѹ׵С۰ĿΪΣүƼô

ǰԹܼͻȻ֪ͨԺˣÿɨԺ䷿ôķԸǱ˵Ҫסˡ

ںԼ׷˸ۣôһСأһūС
㣡ѹˣֱҧ

汲͹ְūͱԹź򣬽ǸļӣūϹϲûвҵûã෴ѾˣҪһЩ

Сͱһƽˣô˵ˣǹͷʵʵ±ǡҪȥ˵ĸоСȰοţҪȻû꣬ҪԹ˵Ҫӡ
У˭ϡƽϣǸϽɻҪܻ꣬ȥء

˵ĿĵأûʼɻԶͨһ죬ԭǽһû壬ֱֱԽһʪˮӣʱȫǺࡣ
Ƽ״ֽкãαͻȻס죬ֻһüë

Ҳû뵽Լճžͳôܣ纮һƮʪ·ģһӿɨ㣬߶µĻȥ·ˡ
ã˵ҡ

񿴽ŶЩģЦˣСƣҶһĽãαֵôѿء

ͷܻ÷԰ֱֱԼӣһ·ɪɪ챻ľˣٿأһƵͳƮС
࣬ΪҸ¡

ô˵
͵

ֲ⼸նٳݣ㽿æݣҲֻתһȦˣ
˳һеĽ𾪲֮ɫһѹſϲ飬ŵ򴰻ȥ

ڣŴǿֱӣɾ齱߶ĿӴ
ʱһ෭ѡ·֪ڵȣƾԼϲãЩ·ѡ˼ɫ˿Բ׼

ʵ˽ĵģû޴Щ·ƶ붼벻ĸߴ󡢴ݵİ޴Щ·ʲôлˣȻһĴԼ
Ȼ޻ûָ޵Ƕμ䣬ҲȥԼ˵塣

·ǰ£Ҫ߸ҪҪѡʱһŴ͵ؽס
˵ͷȥߣԼ͵˵ţˣȥ

෽ûעʲô˵ʱѾ߶ȥæɨӦû˲Ŷԡ
ǰ֮ѾԸȥլԺæµòȴͻȻǽǡ

౻һУؿڷƵرǷĶ˵Ľ
ͷʾ֡

ɿĿתĶӰݣͷҲ󣬿ȥССģױƿء

⵽Ůûгɣһ·ߵűߣ˳ŷۣ͵̽ͷһơ
û˰ɻؿޣЩ᲻ͻȻգлˡ

Ȼ֪͵Ů齱߶ѡ·ʱˣʱȥ⿴̽ǳˡ
ĻĿģֻǶǸʧ˼а⣬Ȼ뵽ŵĿǴ̿ͣķʩɡ

ûС
̽ƺʧˡ

࿴ûֽŹغã߹ȥ·ǰ˻Σӣվͻɡ
ҪǼġ

Ǽˣϸ͸ұ˸ɣ뿴޴·
Էƺڳĸȥظ˸ոǾ仰Ǽ죬

ൽ׻Ȩƣ᲻ϢȥҪǼϣ涯ʱ½ֵİֲ
·ᣬܿе˿ڣȺò׸ʱͻȻ˵ڵȷˣǻ˵Ǽɡ

䣬ΪԷʱִˡ
ֻ۵״Ҵһһ˿ڵϲá

Σ޶㲻ˡ

һһŸ޻Ǽ·ȷ࣬¸·£ŴСǼɫ£ڸ֮ǰֺúõĽ·浧˵

ΪĺҲȷŸᣬ߶ҪſϰݣΪϵһʱΪƽǰǴ塣
Ű£ûһֻһҪⶫˣܼѹ˿ڡ

ǰйޣ΢Ц
֮µİޣĺ˧

ȻҲ⵽ͶĿ⣬ָоڿһƷڡ
ǹһξΪ·ģ⼸գƺ£뿴ڷĶҪ¶Ŀ

Ȼʧˡ
ʵӲԼʲô·פرʱû·Ըһս£ʮһֱͬһ¡

ɿ෽Ǹ޵ԺͻȻһֵͷ
ϣܴЩ·

޴ͷֻðһ˲㱻ȥ
Ҫ֪Ů˵ʵ뷨ֻҪ֪ʵݡ  

·չӡ
˿ڻָĲЩѾ裬ʼ𽥻ָܡ

ȥֻ򵥵˸̲ססЩԥӣҪҪΪᷢ
ڹ̫ǣãڵĹϵ޲һԸͷ

ʵʵȷˣޱҪܾģǣСţҰ˵ͷܲǻͺģGӢ䣬ͷˣʱϽ֣ͷƤǻ᲻ܶأҲˣͺľ͸ˡ
󣬵ܻһֲ֪˵ĸо

ɡ

Ƭ̺Խֱױ̨ǰΪڷŵľ
ΪŮ˸Ͳᷢ

Ȳ˵жô׾ã֮һϱһͷ
ֻȥͷŮͺˡ

ãûӰµ̬ԹԵһ£ںڳš

ûȻذûãǸʱڰѵ״̬ʱͿʼÿͷ
ÿҲãÿҲã޴ֻЦգҧ߳˵ÿ

ǲָ޻ˣȴҲĿš
ͷҪҪŭͣŮνġͷʱһӵĽŲ

ͺ߰ͻȻ
÷԰ȫΧ󶼲ܳȥ






21.  021   

ɫ, ָżһĴֶ۽÷԰ǰԺԺΧ˸ˮйͨ϶վš
үͻȻ÷԰͵Ů˵Ǹʲôݣֻ֪˸İӣǱϵľ޴©, վץסǸ, ҲҪعġ

οӷŽ, Ů˲ǲ˸ˣڻڡй֮£
ԽԽ, һ˲ſڣҪţȿˡ

մ˼ϰٺƵСа, һϢݱ廨ȹ˸, ûлױ, ص, ȴ촽, űȥ浾ᡣ
ûôƹ, ôӲŮɫүСլŮ, ҪôͬйصҪ֤ˣҪôݿ, ͽѶˣʲô, үŮˡ

ү, ֪ǸʲôƢԣ治һֱ׵ͻȻ͹صС
ƼλӺ͵Щҡˡ

÷԰סӳò, ɽһֻһƳĹòҲֵİɣˣ͵ɫˣ˵ò˽ȥҲͼֲˡ

Թºã֪շ£Թ¶ô÷԰ºͺͣɨԺվڲԶŭĽʱ׷˵ʲô˼ˡ
ӣ˵СլˣƼǽӵ÷԰ˣӿʲô

һֱڿ飬δʲô춯˵춯ôеģŻ󶯣ȾͷȥˣԹȥѿָ£䷿ƫеָǼ䡣
Ͳϲӣƽ¶ˣˮصŻ𣬺һըˣҷȰĪҪԹǰʲôСè壬Թ»ӣԹ̹˳˺úÿһʲôˣٽү䣡

࿪ǰǲִģ˵֪ΪΣסܣɽźһίʵ۸ˣﰵﵱ˵ָˣҪͬһ
ˣҪˣտƾָ˿ҪⱨӦġ˽ԺӵΨһˣ̫꣬Ϻɣ

ҲѵģǵӵİΣӲÿҽȥһƣûȻǺõģˡǾ͵úúÿһˡ⵽·嶼ûУ̫ǴæϵģвǣɽǸѾͷûҪô
ԹȷҼǵ֮ǰӦǶģûҵ˭ҲóȻ롣

ͼǿ϶ˣɫ䣬ӣΪ֤ףҪһֱȥɡ
ӣƼһԺӵżһΧ÷԰ƴ˽ܵſڶ͵£һˣ⼸Ӳһֱھûӣôأ㿴ôһҪȾ˷纮Ҫôţ

ֱ۵СѾͷˣͻȻԸðΪΧﻹůġ
֪ġ

ҹլԺ񣬺ʱ廰ʱˣˣȸ·ϵС죬úѧѧʲôǹ˵ͱ˵Ȼã˵űӵѺס˽ƣҪʩͣ˳Ҳⲻ֪ȤСӡ
ͶһæͣԹţΪҳͷԸôӣ˽ƣܵõҵһ

һЦù£̸ִ֪ܽСѾߣּʱҪˣҴ򣡲ˮ
ž

һ£۵һ˳
ʩƽոɹ˴ֻƴֲڣһƽʵʵȥƵ˲

վڲԶĽƼſڵ˲ᣬʹˡ
ǲ֪鷳ã

÷԰޺ڵ⣬ͻȻ۽ڣ֪ʲôۣ͵غͣȫԺˣһݡ
£Թ²ͷץʾ𣿡

һ֣÷԰ʣ˽ƽˡ

ͺͣʱѾƣ˿׵ϸߣվߵһԡ
ӣո˵ġ

΢΢ҡҡͷʾⲻҪ
ĵͷźӵֲȷԴ죬ʵû˼ġ

ˣô䣬ߣȻȥȥҩ
Ҳˣʱô죬ûµġƿ޵ģ˲ԼΪ

ýлȥԼŽҩǰҩǵһС̺۵ģÿԸá
һţڵˣֻͷţ֪ǽڴˣһʱУײӣʵڸ

ڣҼǵзԸףκ˿ӣֻû뵽ƽҲסԴµĺˡ޻صڴĿͷˡ

һܿ£ඨ롣

Щԥҩ඼ݣڽȥҩƱػͬ档
޵Ϳֹ˶ԽƵĳͽ䣬޵ӣȻҲ

Щûף̽ԹϣһֻĬĿ¹ŵͣ쳣˶ԾЩ
˵ǰʱߪ䣬ְС˵ƽԵĶײмķˣܴЩ˿бʳҪϢ˳

ͿͷĵķѵѾʱһ仰˵Ĳ·Ҫͽ䡣֮£Ҷ꣬ջظףȥȡ˰õ븮ǡ
ͷһ㲻ԸȴҲֻܿͷ

ԽΪ˴Ǿ˼ɻ˵ڶλġ
ʹӽݵʱ׷ʲôˣǰմϮЩһֱ÷԰ˣŲ˿

Ѿͷˣǣ˽ôլ㱩¶˽ڣøյĽ֡

ίֱӣظ޿ͷֵ£ԸֻܷպΪǣ뽫úչԼ壬ףϹүͷ尲;˳
Ǹˣô˵Ե־ˣֱ׵ıԼʵ뷨

ͼ޲أǣ׼վ紦ײ˾䡰֮£ӵǸˡ

Զָֻյİվǣ鵭Įīһ纮־ӸµѹȸС

޶˻˫ۺģӦǿ޹ˣ˸ˣų
֪Ϊʲô޿⸱ģͻȻѩԹӣ֮ʱҲ۾Լֿġ

ʱԼûʶĵЩϧ䵭˾䣬氲ˣ
ǡ

ȥæİɡ
ס޲㷣ô

ȻᣬҲԱ˳ŵȥʣȥ˱ˮ˳վһСʣӣϱˣͻСô࣬Ժɾ鷳ˣܲܰƿ̸õ㣿

ԭ˳˳Ľӡǰûô˳Ҫ޾ϸã̬Ⱦ˵ˡ
Цһʲôûбֳֻĵ˵ͷ

лӡ΢΢ϥµĽ΢΢ţŤʱͻȻ׵ҸҩӰͷá
˵գŲСˡ

޶ĨӰֱ˳ߣҲûͣڿڱߵĻ˵
ˣͷ޹ؽҪС£ȥܳʲôأ






22.  022   

΢, Ҵ̳
һʻ½ǰԴϮһ£ѹա

һ˵ĽֵϳЩƲ˿ǰմ˴ʬѪɺӵĲ״
, űƽ, ԶԶһϤʻ, ̾վǰλǰ̽

ղǰ, ȴһãһλ³Ӵ̽
ˣ˻ˣϲԱ׷ǰΧס, ׾ɨˣ䶼Щ, ɰ赲ڼ֮, »̿ͽ

ް, ȥɡϵ˲δȬ, ʹһǿ彡ģ, ǵԺȥ

ǽ, һλݸߵڹٴ˫֣СŲȥ
бͻ̫ӼĸڹٴҴ, һƳһŮ˳ȥ

ڹ̫ӵڹ, Զ, С񣬴λδ, ˳˽լȥ˴£Ѵ֤֤ȥĵµ
̫ɫһеĻԴϧȻǸլסţǰүլ˵ͦģд÷Ҳãϧçֻ֪ɸЪŴҲάˣöȥĵµմְɡ

ʱĵµڡ
鰸Զ˱ֱ̧׿ڷӵĻʵۣܺã⵽ʵ۷һǰʱࡣ

ص꾩˿̻ǵһͬʵ۶أţȻžһʵеӱϡ
źڵڵڼŵ£Ϊ⼸ջʵڴſڱ֮¶ŭѾǲù˶ٴˡ

Ҫ¹ʵѹŭ˼ͬһһ˵ͺá
ڼգϽΪ˰ӣ޸£ڼ£̲ɶ

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ڼë΢΢һ׹˵Ǽ࣬ǹڻµģɻǲ̧ľ䣬˵Ѽ֤ݡ

ʵī΢ʶĿǰޣɫݣ̩ȻضԼ£֮Ҳǹڻ´ٶɣе֤ΪΣг©ġ
ʵ̾ŭԻͨڼɡ

ʱ̲ɶ⼲߽Իʵ۹󣬿һԵһ㶣񣬡ˣҶ˰ݣҵͬҲܷˡ
䣬׵лɵŶɴйص֤ݣʳ˿̻ھУ֤ȷ䣬ÿͬѰ֤һͬɱ¶ᡣ

ǣȻͬɺϣΪĶǻһ˵գǲ̧ӣ£̲һʱѰйػռռŮ˽˰֤ݣ֤ڹ֤˱ȣ֤ȷ䣬¹Ŀ
Կϵ֤ݺ󣬻ʵ΢΢һЦӶڼ࣬øƣ׼֤ݵȷȫ˼οأ

޷оᣬ׵׼ȷ꾡Щժ¼˱Ϳڹ֪̲Ի˽һ¹עľãֻϧն֤ݣûı֮
˼˵ʵ۴˿ڲ衣

Գִһְ󣬱㿪ʼǰŰн⼸½˳ע⣬⼸䲻عϽȴͬܲɷֵĹϵΪˣǰʱȥ鿴Щ˴ΪһͨԴǮׯṩʣʳƥȡ
һţɫ֪ؽ¡

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ͬһˣ˼ô̿ͬϵһ𡣡

ͨԴǮׯһΣתʵۣ۾̿ΣҪôһˣƱҪڣͨԴǮׯڵ塣ͨԴǮׯڶ˱пˣϵ˳ȥȻҵ˽꾩֤ݣЩûı֮
ԣѰ֤УȷͨԴǮׯĽ⸽͡

ʵ۳ĬƬ̣Ѱ֤ʱɣȻ̲עѾãⰸӽ̲˼δ¾ȸЭɡ
ּӦ£Уȴڳɡ

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һֹΨһֵܣлڸ֮ġ˻һȥ˼
ʵɨ۶⣬Ű˼ȫް䶼޿ǵˡ

Ӣ䣬ʰ£̫ƽ˳ո㰲²òӿǡ
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Ϊͱ˽ɱ֣Ԫ䵱꾩ɳɱַ͢٣ǵ죬޿ˡףҲѷʮȻ˽¡ᴦӦ֤ݹ֮ڣ¶ı޿أЩҳӵľΪѡ
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ʵɨվˣսϣָֹ֪Ħʲôһ
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ⴹ׵ǳܣ˱մŭ֮£ѽɴϲ鲻̲Э

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һͷޱȥСլٻԹճţ㿴ԼͣǣŹԹվڹԵ׶Լ˼üۣη
ʱϵĲͻȻһãϹүüͷֵϳ

޴ӣֻһȥκüβδȬ˿ڣϹүҲۿǿҶˣ֣ĿĸϱӣҶɻﲻʣߣͻظ̫ҽãǺúÿ˵
ĸذˣ޷ƴǣͬǻصϸϸ飬Ϲү̫ͬҽȷû󣬲ŵЩС

Ҫͬ˵仰ʱκǲ˽ȥǰš
ЩΪѵĿԼүǵ糿ʱλʹүҪҪţ˵ǻ׼һرĹŶүδֱӴӦֻԼƽү˵ǴӦͬһͬ˰ɡ

ȥСլѸȡĶȡɡ
ð㻵˼ǣ½ҲδţڶӶĽүùȥ

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ͬһȥⷿӻؼЪȥһۣͬκǲѾ߳ˡ
ԶŷЦ

ӵȷǸˣȥģȴ̶̼գͰү׶ɻЩ
֮ǰүԷޱ󣬰дӣȴ룬ڵʱ䣬ү꾩ǵĴͻȻ̣ͬһͬ˼ա

䲻˯һŴϣͬһ£̧ͷͷģҲЩһ㺣οү֮ǰһ꣬ͬѾá
ȥϪ̽ĭٳڴڱĺãү˸޵ίʵ۾

Ҳǣũҳò˳ƣ˽أִŮӵķ緶ĳү˳ĹҲĺְɡ
պүָμ䣬ʱǺϷϳɲ֮ǰͻؼϣţǰСլ

ͷСլ÷԰ͬƽ÷Ūһط֧ͭ˻
Ĳһôү񳿵˼Ҫŵġ

Щԥ컹δʱǡӴʱ˯úͿͿ˴ڳŵòгڶү󣬸Ǿޱȡ
үҲƼ˽񣬱ͬȥͨٱʱҪҪһͬŵ¡

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ԧǰнŪģʱĻûԧƷҲӺöˣܳЩţ⣬׼رļŨѺͲס

һ˿ȳˣ᲻᲻˰񲻸ҶӣС£ǰΪ˽˵£ء
ѽô°ٲģӶǳˣ㲻ҿɳˡƼƬպպӸõϣеһ˲ĻŭŵҲ̫ó˰ɣԭڵİ

ţŨѡȻԵҲĺá

Ȼ׼ģƷһϴСϰռк̵ĿζŪһŪͺܺóˣ֮ǰûʵΪϪûˣŰ֮ǰȴûģͳͳһ顣
εͨˣȻӲͬ廹ͬһ̸ͬʲô飬⸱壬иġ

θϣ಻ԸǱ˸ޡ

ûǾ䡰ѡǺ⣬һԵĽ˳Եû̲ס˿ӣճûڣԶƮӵ㡣
æӻ⴦Ц⡣

ˡ಻ɫԺһƳû޵Ӱ
Ӻ¡

׷ԶԶȥ÷£λĹһ̹ŶĿ
ӿرĹŶô֮ͬǰԹĲͬ׵ע֪ǰ˫ɫĹʣʲôʲôžͲ

˵мŨѣõ˲ξģɺóˡر㻬ˬоѾȫԧ۷˵
ŽݺƵĽܣӾ׼ĲƷүûܻСլţȻҲܸһˡ

úÿڸղСһȦˡ
⡭Ʒ¼ƬĿӣԹĵһۣ˹߻ЩѾѰģָģ㿴ڻء

ͬһ𳤴ڹУǰÿϹýͨʱ׻мΪͬү˵κû֮үȤ½½ԺѾͽСլûˡ
Ҹү̸࣬ɿģձָ״ӲǰͬƱֵ̫ǣֱڿ죬˶ʼɡ

֪ùûûУһ𣬶ұЩ࣬˲صĲ࿴ʱʱضŹƣǶˡ
лһ⣬Ϊ˸үö÷԰ģүǻڸãൢˡ

Щô£ʰʱҲû⵽ʲôҪЩˣ糿ʰʱѾĶպˡ
Ȼˣȡɡ

׽ӹʰ޺õİЦĶʵүСլŵģֻڹſϹסǿдظ壬š
˲ؽͣӱû˵ҪŵģҪȻҲȿʼˡ

׵ɨһۣЦˣȸˡ

಻׶֪ЩʲôνӴУֿͬƽǶ֮ĿͬԼҴõָоҲ˵ǷʱϹĸЦеԻ
࿴ҪߣͻȻˣŶж౸һݣûùţȥ԰ɣֻҪЩ̿Ͼͺá

ɫһ类˲棬˿ûѵ˼ЦǱ鷳ˡ
˳ŷԭȷ˲٣ÿƷһݣŶ̺͹ݣɵþúЦδԭӸүһҲǸķǵġ

δõĶװñֱӻ˹

ͬһʱ̣
ϹүڴƢκ˵ʲôҲ

࣬ķ䶼Щˣͬģ֪İӾǣıһ£ʱδǰˣžҪ½ʥ
үⶼʲôʱˣǶˡ

ҲҪȥֹ߻˼ӵģҶһӣ˵ȥ߹פؾȥˣһ꣬òױ꾩;ҪԹòһڻ֪ĸɽܿأ
ˣûڼҴգȥǴְ̯ô̯ӣ˭֪ҵİ˭˭ˣҪͬڵĲãǾͱܣҾ˵ʲô䣬ֵ˵Ļ̫Ϊβȥ

ү˵ˣ⻰ɻ˵ãκǺŮԹٳϵ֪һλãȷǲά衣
˾ˣµľǻֲ֪˼жҪʱգϼգ㡭ʱζｲϹү˵˵źۣӲǸˣŴգʵĵߡ

ү;ǻʵ۱˼Ǵ䲻ɣҿ˼ºΪģǱƵġ
ɵȥر߹أҲ˵ȥˡ

үô˼ɵ˼ҼʵĺˡԴģ˼⺢ӴСͲͬǰ㣬쳣侲õ˻£ύȥύ˼ֻ׵ˣһֱ֪ԼҪʲô
ģ

ӴˣѾɲȥˣүϮԹλǻʼˣ˼;һչͼҲֲүźôȻѡô·ĸģ͵֧óԸ
κ֪үֻҪԹʵѾȥ룬æ£˱衣

Žˣ˼ֻ׵ˣȴ˰û˵
ʵֺӣҲ䣬ױȵģرЩ꣬һ⣬ͬ˾࣬ˣĸ׵Ķİ

һʼ壬ϡǵһű
ʱ̫ʵ밲ܷˣ԰ĺˮвĿʵõ̫ҽΪҽΣűסһ

ڻʹСסӺͻȻ˸Ƶģİú¡
Χһεǽ˶棬

ϹүκۣίˣͬǸһۣ˵ûŮжŮˣ㲻˵׼ѣǴȥͬһðɣúÿСӣһҪȥ¡

Ϲ򸾸ԺţżһŨûŹĳֲ㣬үûͨǣͬκһһɰڵдŨķζ
ʱԵǴˣ͵

ףĸס
үˡ

ǡŶϹүۣһ߰һߺ죬ǹŶԴɵ˼ûԱ
ү㲻˵û𣿡ײ˰Ѻ۵׺ЩԹޡ

˵ûԱѾˡɫ糣̷¿ӣվһԣĸ׿£
κѵƼʲôܳԵͨ죬ɵõضʳ֮ȤټŶζ磬žͺζ

ó˵ѣԣûԱȥѳ˰ɡκʳз£ǡɿһʳУŶ״ģšͦġ
ǣˣҳԹóԵĹŶˣ㻬ƹţ⣬Ǿˡ׵ĳ޷Էθ˿ûһ޵ݹɫ

κϣ⣬ȥӸ꣬Ҳ
үһ

˵ţΧԲ£ƽմΪرףǰƵһԵ״ҲòϹأȥѰꡣ
Ѱ˲źأԼԵĲƷ׼ǵԼţĹүү¾Ϳ̳ˡ

ֶ㻬Ĺ˵ˣ㻬Ʈʳá
úãȷζһ߳һ߳ޣҲܸλϲ

˻һһԵޣɫȻؽζС

꾩ĴǶݵģ紵Ժӵ÷ҲĲˡ
価ǰͬƽռ˲÷ɹɣݲȡ

գãŸСаﴧŸͭ¯ڻơ˵л
ûʲôûӿǰʱտ̫ףɨ꾩елӣŪģһÿվԺɹ̫

Ǹֱڿӣ˳ߴߴȥԴӤʵϷ˲ûһ˿ۼС˵ûҪĳ³ˡ
ɶ£²Ҳһôôô͡

˭֪أŽԺӺ󲻰ԭ˾ʸ֦أҾ˵ǳ¿˲̫Уôͱˡ
ƿеĳ½гߺλõ¹£ƽ񽲣ǹڵ˷ܹСүĶݡ

ĵһգһΣݰθߵе޹۵״ȦڣŲ̫ദģ˵Ϊعأĵһգ㽫ȫԺʹۺúԼһͬǰ㣬ЩСլ˿ɡ
֪ǲ˭⣬ѵ˺ĵգ㽫µĽ÷԰һ÷԰ԶԺˡ

ںô۵ģͲ֪ˡ
ٲϲһˣڽֲѹˣ˵Ķ½軨׷λģϲ۲ĲúùԼӱǡ

ȲݹȥȤƣǼˣҾ˵ɣǰǸɰͻȻͲ̫ԾʵǲǴ͸µģ
ҽǺɰΪ˽Ӳģӡ

Цףȷѧ
ɣʲôһѧͻᣬүҪյһῪĵġ

ţ֪شۣһ󴺷絴ȣ޼鷢ƮأԺŵǶ
˵˵ſһĻûƴʱѾˡ

˵ˣôͻϻᵽӡ
ϸӵպ󣬾ûСլû»һ۽ƵҲһͬˡ

ȫȻƵģһŶûС
ǲ֪ЩϢԭġ

ǵӡ޲øڸκϢ÷԰
һأǸûդӣġ

ȥ

ͬദǼգΪ޶̬ȶЩ仯һֱظǰͬ£ͼЩյļ䡣
ˡ

ϧˡ
Ӧ˵Ĳԭ޴Ŀ£ģǱɽһǡ

Įӣǡǡܵġ

ӲǸ˱ڣԹ԰ˣӹòˣҸйڣԹͷųȥֻЩԵæµѲĵ
֮øԼºĿռ䡣

ƳѹչȥСӱ̫ȥүһֱæǰڸסʱҲˣү˴֣˵ͦæء
һ˵۵ЦŶӣЦᣬĽһãȻţͷʽ񣺡㿴ô£²ë˰ɡ

Ҳʲô£ûЦأԲЩɬ
ϹģЦ⣬ͷ뽿˵ĺܶԣֻͦæģûˣѾԭǵִˡ

ƸհڳһҾ֪ı飬ԶԶأ׵Ʈ˹
ӡ

ˡӴЦҲԾĴЩϲ⡣
˻֪÷԰ûĵһۡ

Щεͷ¸һֱæıһ·ӣӱֱ˴£ûع
񣬰ӿǽˣ

ǰɣûˣҲ˰
Ǿͺá൭Ĵᣬһ仰ɢˡ

÷԰ӣԸͬгһԶţ
ͬСԶţ

޳˸󰸣Զ죬ⰸЩѰ죬ҪʦͬУ˼ȥʵġ
ǰʱաƻδ䣬ԵȵˣԸȥ




23.  023   

ްӺܼ, ĵһҪ
ǰԺϹү밲Ǳ

Ϲһͱţһţǰʱæڴıһ, ҹҹڴ, żмι˼, ҹȥ̽ͳʳʱŴҴҼ档
κϼ, æʢ࣬ȻϵСˣʰ˰ɣ⼸Ҫ, ᷴ㻹Ǵʵ·ȥ, , ޲꾩, ٺ, ⱸЩģ·ϳ, һЩɲ, ǶǺʣԲ, ʱθ

ţɫ², κ˵, ŻأӲǵһԶУ׼, λŽһȥޣĸ׷ıǡ
κᵽȥ۵һ˿ݼŵϲɫϹүһۣһͶˣΪӣŴѾ߸ûʲôĻѽƽͨͨϡ

ү˶ˡκ﷭˸ۣһܲݽڱߡ
үһƣⲻǵ𣬱ģһ룬˷˵˼ĬĬſڳȥ

κϼ޳극˿ӣŴȡһŵݸĸһǡ޵ģڵмλԶݻãÿְʱҲûжߡ
֪½ɱ˼ҵĳӣ꣬ʦ̫ʦ֪۴ѧʿҲΪ٣ʻ޳֪ݣҼǵͬ㽲¡

ףӼǵ½ˡ

Ϊ˿ͣǫѷ֪֮ǰΣϧ㶼ڣûܽʶֻǸԶݣϵҲ࣬Ҹ⣨½֣дģʱתͺãЩ꾩زͲҩܼĸǵôĸá
׽źǣһת֣лĸΪӴ·

ҶӣЩȻض˵мҪͬ㽲κȺͣһš
ĸ뽲

мձ³壬ĸϼգͬһ˷ڸС죬Σ
ƾĸװţʱҴֻޣԻĸ׵ġ

ãԼǵþͺãǡȥԶУ׵ʱҲ㣬ǵæҲҪһ㡣
˵գκŤүүˣĸϸҪ࣬⣬һаȫΪϣҪͬĸٵ¡

˹򸾣˵һѾÿʱԸΡ

һʱǰСլ÷԰

ѵ˸磬컹δڷңûŰˡ
˵γУ׼һѾ߸ţ౾½Ľȥɲɣ׸ҪеºͻȻȾϷ纮ⵣȻȻ˽ϡ

Ǽū˵ԶУǳ١
Դ֪ԼܳԶУ˷ܵ˯žͰѶʰˡմпۣ٣ȥеСӵ˼

ߴߴ˵ʵýζôϽƣȷǽƶѡ

ڷûһˣ꾩·̣û̫ණ״ӲŽһ·ȥԹСкš
һԹﶫƵ˺һͣ£ǣż͵͵ۣɫĸǽ߿ȥģ˵С

ûеլԺҲ󲻵޴СԺķң֪Ǹεǽ⡣
֪ݺԺʼնûֹԼסլһĻ档

ⲻǵļҰ

еϪˡ
Լļң߷ΧСԺҲԺǿųʢĹ

ӣƲ̫ԾôղŻúõģ۾ͻȻͺˣ
ජֱֱ㶣Щˡ

ѾСլסһʱˣҲ÷԰޹ڹ˽£ȴٳûүǲ㽫ɽˡ
ɽ벻ףӵݼٵͣϹ򸾵ӣҪ֪ôһˣ϶Ҫݵġ

οһҲǸ΢ģദôãƽյоֹĲѧʶǵȸŹŮʤ˵ʶ֣ͱӵ˼Ȼ̫ˡ
벻ͨԲˡ

ԸӶѹʳȡֵݹȥӳЩɣžûţһ·ء
һе֣С֮ĵģǽͬҹģΪľ·ֻ˿ʵû˼ԡ

ͷҪĵֻƣżζ죬СǲǴ˵ģҷֵô
ˬĹĵϸô࣬ҲСլһˣԣѾˡ

ϣǲ֪Сүİж༬֣̲İӡ˶꾩ôȥ㣬ϧˡϸµӾͷۣΪ˺֤ݣûܡ
䣬ӱÿһǣţݸһ鵰֣ˣҲȤͬǽСүΰǸʲôӣô֡

ͺƽæµЩʲôΪɱ֮
ʱڿһˣȥˣΪľǲӴˣȻҪһԡ

ŵҲǵţıһҲӲ֪ܣأͬ˽ı永Ĵš
ֻڳϹȻĹ࿹ɱһʱɵڡ

ɱ£ͻ˷飬οʵʾ֮ͣˣⲻ˻ʵ۵ô
ȻʱͬĲ̫һʵ۽ı永ɴ󣬲£±㽫֤ݸϣþûȷϻı֮ģֻϣͣγ

͵̫Ϊףػ꣬Ϊ׵ĲȺְɷ£顣
˫ִһʣۣĹؼ˻ʵ۵̬ϡ

ڳʵԥΪԼҰһ·֪ģ֧̫ŵ𽥶
ͬͬŲ֤ͣݣɷɱ

͵˶ΪһֱĬĻʵۻһʱʵۺ׵ĽȨ˴¡
һʱĻı永ԻΪա

ľսֱʵյľϣųһ
ϵķͥ񣬲ǻʵ۵һϷˡ

νԥֻǸʴȵ߶ѣûһȥԼĻȨͬܵҲС
̫ӣڻȨϣǴʥ⡣

Щһ飬ԼԼܰ鿴ôͨ͸벻ЩڼڵѭŵȨı빬Ѭա
׽ûã֨ѽһſһȺ˴Ӹڲǣ߳

ƼӳˣҪȥĲһãһʳб˳
л˽˾ʣˣһеʹ·ϳ԰ɡ

һЦæ£Щ˼ôôϲ·еʱ䣬ٸӽ֮ǰʱ£Щ¿ɱЩʶˣǵ޶ꡣ
߳Ժţһ۾Ϳƨףɫ䣬ѹס

ʳйȥ񣬼¶ãָʳеùô÷԰ĵģҳˣζˮĵǿˣȻˣ
ˣһͬ߻дµļλԱһ˳Եģɺͳˣʱ䲻ˣϽɡ

ײ֪СүһַʲôƢǷڹүֱˣûٶԣŤ
̤ųص΢⣬ʻȥ

򰸼һгӼʻҹɫʱͣһСУʱҹ˾ԱѾ׼˸ɾԺ䣬ȴһס

һļλԱͣµһ˲䣬ȿֺɫƣǲ̫ӡ
˭뵽յ·̣λ侹Ҫһֱ꣬ǲҪ

˿಻ԣɢȥʱǵ߽լ֮С
˸óЩͱõĸʱſһߴӰ첽߽ԭ޴˱һڽˡ

ˣҪҪһЩôˣҲÿǼԼĵģҪҲŽһڰɡ
˿ӱŵľʶҪʲôæҪԷԸ

뺫˻ЩϸڲǳţһڣڸϵǰѰ˽
˿ûҪһԵ˼ûԣǣˣǱˡ

źôܳϷ˷׷״ʳУĵĳҰУ˱ǡ
Ҽҷĺ֣λ˳ɡ

ҼҷĲհȻˣζǲģλҲɡ
һһ䣬ǲԼҷģƺΪǵЦʱģӵĸȫ˵Ƿǵա

Σжű裬һ򣬲֪ΪΣԺвð糿ǸʳС
ʱǰļλѾ˽һգڵ˵治˼ſԣֱ˿ʼʱ˾ȫȻĿˡ

޼̻ʣֶԼǱһڡ

ڴʱǷʳ߽λڷʳ㣬ɫȻؽԼŵһĴһǣһŨ˲ӡ
⡭ʲô㣿ŵôô㣿˺ʡ

С֣ŵĶ顣
ɷܷһԣĺͬ㻻

׸ղԱ˲ŽһֱûŵҪҪЩģһһȺ
֪ӲԸ㣬Ҳû룬һССܻ֣Żͦʵģͬˣʳиһͱ˲任TW

ڼŨķģ
һɫ糣æϣδȢǡڵĳġ

˵Ĵָ޵ĳãСַŵˮһ׼ܻӭֻϧֻнղҳһˡ
ޣɿڣȹհ갸ص꾩ǳһС֡

ȻֻǱ裬⵽Ϊ̵Ĺ˹
˷ֵĲˣ׽ʳ͵ʣүҪҪЩģⶼǸλ˵ķģ෱࣬ҲûСô𡭡

ɨǺдĵģ˲û飬һԵ߳ݡ
ҹһں룬޵Щˡ

ʶƫԺȥȥѰЩ油
ʱҹˣСԺĵ˴룬ţһܵĿһƣԺмɽһӰǣͷһĲš

ȷ͹˹Ŵĵ̶ȣڵ尾ɿʱÿһµĵ˴θϡ
ڵصһ·˿˵أ͸͸

һûʲôȻҲ²ʲôֻԴģ
ջһЩ׼ȥҵڵĶѹסĸʱһףȵƻ£ǸߴӰֱֱ






24.  024   

㲻ˣվڻ, ϷĵŴ÷Ʈҡںڰеīһ̶޵ˮǰٻӰɵһɶ
ͽ졣е飬ó, ֲԼһֱڲš

̹Լ, Ͳܸȥ, ܸĻᡣ
ͬģҲһܻѰ޼Ļᡣ

˼, ໰е
ʱɫ԰ֽҲûʲôѪɫðŲ麹, ǳɫĽ챻һ㣬¶һѩ׾, ȥ, ˵Ľ

, һ˲ܾͻ赹

, һûŮˣһ¶, ˲١
Ӧ㱨Ϣ, ĸǰ뿪Ϫġ

ԡ

ɫһ
һ˲, ЩԥظˣԶ, ĽǡƼһĻ
ĬظڲԶ, ۳Сүһ·߻Ժݣ˿ϷĹţɵðԺһǰЦ

Цʲôأױ, ͻȻڽ
ƱһæĿڵô·ģҹҪ˭Ŷ

ûүʲôأѲɻΣ̲סȤֻƣʣүڿ

˵գ׾ҪǴߣһѳסڣСȥӱүˡ
ļٵģ

ۿģǲǸȥſš֪լĹأӰʱҪѾ߱ˮŵģƤҲû£һʱЩ˼
㲻ҪˣȥţҪȥȥҿɲȥһ죬ƶ˵꾩ô໭ʦүѡηҪȥޣΪ⵵¡

׺ãǸ䵭ԵСүˡ

Ҫͬ뿪֨ѽһſˣ޻ף
Ʊȥֻ¿ʲôÿģʱȥֱֱԺȥˡ

ڣڵϣ׶ڣͣ޸׷ԸֹϷţӲطȥԼԼǳͷζѡ
޲ֻĬĬϵš

ûõӦҲ˵ʲôˣԸΪƲܹǺ⣬ﲻɵ÷Щ⡣
ǣ䰲ըӵһ

һЩģʵڲ֪Щʲô

ţһ
ĳ˶ӽг

޶ϣĿ˼Ҫδ滳е࣬ͻȻⲻʱ˵һоЩѿ
ӻûôͬЩģȥȡһЩɡ

ޱ˵أڿڱߣðżλͬŶ״ʳһĻ棬ɵʿˮǾ䲻أҲ˳źһȥˡ
಻֪ĨЦݣʱһСеĻ˳ŻһС÷Ӳϡ

ûоܾĺ⣬ԼûʶṩչˣõȻ

ȥ£ƿʳһǣŨŨ˳ŷ϶Ʈ˳ֻƾ㣬֪Ǹոձ׷ʳȥС֡
֮⣬ʳﻹЩûĵģȥɿڣˮ໹Ҫá

࿴У㽫õĲˮ˹ȥС̫壬Ųˮڰɡ

ϲѾź򣬿࣬ĵƺһٽԼûʶֱ仯
ӹյһڣüͷ΢衭ģ

ǰǰʱգȡһָµĸѩ裬ζ£ֻϧѾˣЩ÷Ҳʣͬƽһɹġ
޵˵ͷ֮ǰ˸յ裬ﲻɵЩ

ͬʱðͷŮ˵ǸʲôݣΪʲô¶á
ϲֻǸҰ帾

Ӧ׶ȥԵɾһŰֽǸɽеĹŮˣϪһͬĴУҲûгκοɵ
̫£޷

²豭һԵ࣬ʣͬôʶģ
౻䲻һʸסˣ˵޿Ը˽Ƕζʧļ䣬һؼеľ޴

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ڴϰΣԺȫǷξͬһĻ档

Ϊ˻ôؼǵãҹʱһ˫ůĴ֣һֱ߬
ǰްɡ

ǵԼһֱڽа޵֡

ջ˼ޱģܣˣơ

һֱţæһõĺˮ֪ϲڣصطСǡ
ֻڱ㲻ԸˣȰӶ˰ɣһҹ˲֪ٺˮɵġ

ռûôԷθڲʣǿ˰뱭ƿˣҶˣЩ
жüɫʱӽʲôԸǣóȥ

ˣ˿ǹ˷㣬ŪЩʣµĵ油¾ͺá֪ųҪŴµĹԱǳԣЩеſͣ˳Եûʲô
Ʋ˵ʲô˸ݹˮ޽ȥŵ¡

ʱϵİ˲һü΢
ЩƷͬճԵĲһרġ

ôôԵꣿ

ⶼǴûĲˣҸҪģӾͼϲĳԣЩϲɫΪ˼ڲˡ
ãҲû԰ɣ˳Թûһԡ

һȥæӵˣ˵ܻ
ŶǱˡһӵķˣ̾˿ûٶ˵ʲôССĳ

ʱ뵽磬ȥ֪ݸļͣڼ½ǣôظģ

ȥˣҹ򣬲űͻ
ĵһǲѾ֪ˣ

ţүû˵ʲôֻùúš
飬Ǹ˵ѵˡ

ձӱֻʵ֪үصӻ½

գȻ
ΪҩúţֻǽưοĻѡ

ͷùţϴһˬ࣬Ƚ£ýȥ½ˡ
Ʋϣֻú

˭֪󲻾ã½ѾߣЩƷ̽ࡣ

ʱ˿̣ͬλͬ鰸飬һҹЩµͻơ
ͻȻߵţԭס

£
һЦ˵˵үܶԼƬ̣߹ȥ½ȥˡ

£һ㱨һ½˼ҹͿˣġ
ǣү½˴ȥ֪ݸ󣬾͵ͬȽˣ˵ȥԷҸţ⡭

֮е񣬱ǿࡣ
˸סˣˡ

û뵽治ɫġšһû˵ģŤͬ˵ӵ¡
ˡ

ʱû˲֨ѽһˣԼӴЦŤͷԸȥһλȥõľ¥Ծȥ






26.  026   

, ѵûƮɴ꣬෴ҪĵϢ
Űɫñ˼Ҷɫȹ, ܷ, ˼ɫС, ǣȽֵͣͣĽֵй䡣

ǰ½ˮɫ³, ڸŰɡͬ˱, Զʱʱ, Ҫ׿ǷƼʲôϡ⡣
γ, ʵʱ, ֻ̽, ЩƷʾػȴû, ָܻô, һԺƼԺﺬſĶ

μʱûдñ, ŵĿ¶һۣͬԱߵѾ˵˵ЦЦ, üɸ״, ׵Ƥͷһɹ۵ǿճԹĵס
½ĵһ

ԭǸöϲЦСš

ͬش󷽵ֱˡлΪࡣ

ķ, ½ͷһᣬϧˡ
ʱ˵ſҪҪȥ䣬ΪԼĿģưһͷ

½δ˽
һ˲΢ͷʱ˽Ҳֵˡ

û⵽½ɫȽ£ͣһ̯ǰ
ҪǾѡһɣ͸㡣

Ƚ۾գգŴŴ˵Ҫ
ѵüϻӦԼ뵽½˵ȽȥЩֵĵطܰѿµļڸǹȥӴҲࡣ

ȻСӷյţܰĻ±򿪡
ȽûԥѡһɫƵĺߣΪȡ£ԼҲժһİɫߣ治ȽǸɿɰЩ

ҪȡɰǮʱһֻżӵǰһ˿
½ˣȽȽԼģӻɡ

岻ʣȴΪ˰ͬ½ĳЩС£½ĳһİɡ
Ӵԭ֪ݴˣ߾͸Сˡߵͷϳˣ˵ʲôҲӡ

ϲԴΪ½ĳϲˣš½գһɫȽߡ
˼ݣȽˣ½ͬϲƬ̣ӣȾܡ

֪ݾҪǱߣ̲סǳЦ
½͵ްʹ󷽣öϽˡ

½ܰհŻˣǺ¡

һԵȽȲҪΪߡ
ȽȽ۾ִͱһֻСˡΪߣ÷٣ԼҲҪ

ЦŽ£ߴ׺󣬽ñȡ±
ţƺзḻԢ⣬úϡ½½˿֪ߵԢô

ӿʶˣߵȷԢ⡣˶٣͵⸱޵رΪŮߡ
Ů

ԣŮеĴǳ˼ŮǴ棬ʷϣȷôһλŮӡֻʱվˣ˴ˣ¾ͱഫһŮӣòɣգԳŮ䵭ȴĻްȽ촬ֽտĹֲڰգŮڣ޸һʱڵʱǰ

£Ϊ־Ȼأ
౾ϲ££½ܾŮмִԽߵζֲ²ι£Ǹˬ·

½أҡͷǰݻһӣõŮһ飬ϧͬ޶ȹһɾµӣֻϧӳԼмңŮʱѻСһŮؼţңͬһҵһ
⡣գ۾

ôҲû뵽龹ҳ̣ŮŮˣһҡ
Ȼڹǳ£໥ϲԷȻףȥ檻Եܹʧ£˵ף߯ҪЩ

½񿴳ʧ䣬͵»ûأŮ˳кҲһزͬµļҵȫԭУް֪£һЩȥ˼£ӲŮӻޣֻϧһ꣬ŮȾؼˣްΪ˼µĹףƳɴߣÿŮʱ롣
˶иˣޱܻİб

ʵ¡治رǽβΪϲΪЩҪǿأŵ£˭ǷǶԴ

½һЦüβӹȻ˼·ڲֻͬеģָ˲õģӻͷһ
ԴˣȢףŮֻǾüȻŮȥң˾ͲС

˵ĲҲ伮ʷ飬Ҳ֮ˣŮǶ裬Ů뿪ûѻȥˣŮţǡڴ֮󲻾á
˵δȫò˲壬ޣǸûˡ

һδȫò仰ͬģ
½ҲôɫһԴЩš

仰ȷǴģֻǸʱ򣬰޻ޡ
֮ԼǵίʵΪǴΡӡ̡

ղʱǸհȥϪ岻ãΪ¸òڣڵĸûܡ
һ޴ˮӣʱͬЩڵļҳ̡

˵𾢶һ޾һѸᱧ
ֽܲס󣬹⵱û·ֻţ˼¡

δȫò⹦಻ҽЩġ
. ɫŨ¸ڣͱס

ٺֻǵýڿҡҡģһֱǰΣѡաСĶĶµϢ
鵽ӦĪð޷˵Ǿ仰

һֱǵ
룬޻᲻ʲô

ϴգͻص޵״̬
ʧ䣬ܻתġ

ӿǲˣ½ɫ䣬ϸϸ뷽˵Ļδס
û£ֻЩˡӯӯһЦֽ߷ֹ˳½Ŀ

ţ㽿ȴ˲ãߵһúôֿܰί
ǾͲˣҴȽȽȥ޺ζɣһҹӵ֭رۻ

ຬЦͷһԵȽҲǷ⿪ġ
ѵóһ͸͸ȻһೢʳúøԼһ¡

½˵Ϊʲôÿÿ촽΢̣ԼŲ֪Ŀ

һͷһڴ¹Աس䤱ǻм䡣
ѵ˷ŰռȥԾƣһӦȥȴΪޣһתļҾ¥⣬ִٻ

ɿǼ
ֻ֪ٺպ䣬ԶдֻźʵĴ£˭һ·żаҪȻȥˡ

ˣһھУǼ治ͬһλЩܲסˣ
ǰ޲꾩ʳ࣬Եط˾УҿǼҾͲ

޵һƳɵλԶҲƷʳ񲻿ϧ
֪޵ƢУ˵һִˣҲûٶ˵ʲôֻòͷϵĺߡ

һԵԼү˵ıŤ
˵Ϊλ˳ԷɣзǵôһȦ˵ŲӰɣҹƲʱν顣

ţһϤЦһƮһơݡ
ٽֵɴ£һӰ֣ҪҪͬү֪һʵλˣȻޣһҪԵģݺǵصҰɣ

λ̧һƣסˡ
濴ίʵᣬһ伷С棬ͥ䣬ϵһ㶼ù

ֿԴϵ̫ӲͷƤֳ޵ѡĺã˺ߣ϶ҪѡԲŵص
˵ţһ룬ѡٽֵһż

ʱһżȽŵǽɳԵĽζ½ͬ˽طף½Ȥ౻Ц˺üΡ
ٿأһܵĽŲԭǸĿڸż

½ܺЩ˵֣Ƭ̺εĴ½
½ˣԱżµģƺµĴǣҪҪ

½񲻶ɫ豭ֺ±ĲԤС
ˣȷǱܣһˣȽȽȳԾͺãصңٳӦܲһܽġ½յȣһӵĲˣθںõ㣬Щ

˳ĵ˵ͷˡ

һͷæ˼յĳ͢ٴʱҲ֪ԹӼҵ׺ʵСȡľˮСˣ˻Ƶ
ʱߵΪϲ˵ã

½
һӵľټ˸޵ģϽϯΪȥ֪ݸˣˣ⣨½֣Ҫ֮š

ŶǱ֣ɡ.ϯΪ½˱ơ
½̧̧ôҵҾ¥ģһΪֻ˻

ɺϡ
Ϊ˴ǳʳûٻ˼⻹Ǽұӣ

ǣǲһҪ
Ƚǽչˣ޲˾䡣

ڽУѾͻƣʵݾΪˡ
½˵꣬޾ٱͻƾͺãȻҲˣǴҽվǣؾ

½꾩ְ֪꣬ȥطʱϲֵعԱķڳļλ¹ԱУͬύģ겻ǲ׷ߡ
ʱ֪һٲ˵ģԲ˷Ŷһ

бڣôҲֵ̫ףϾ̫֪ԱﻹȽڵȥıܻᰵаߵġ

Ȼˡ
ǴԹǵоƺͬˣĲһˣһ½֪˶پƣֱȵĲʡ£糺޲ͬ׷Ը½ˣظ

ҡ½˿ҳ˽дͷߡ
ô޴һᣬֿ˷ƣȡյ˶ϣֻδȾţ㣬ñɨ뿪

ܡҡ½ڳݻǲ壬治Լȥ
ʱһеĹԱҲͬ½࣬߰˰˵ϯ䣬еѾ

׼״ԸСȥ˼׼ߡ
½֪ĶľһƿСˣһżš

磬Ҫȣ
޴˿Ҳ۷ֱԹǹɾеԵİѾյϣû˵ڣ½һգȥˡ

ۼֿ죬̧½
޶С½½ɾ̹ˡ

ҪȴһƿֻĿүߣһţֱֱżȥˡ
ĵⲻ԰æ˹ȥ˳ŷ죬һƼ࣬ϣü΢ſˣ§Ÿ˯ȥСѾͷ

ӡ׺ʲôĹ޷ԸȽͻ֪ݸ
ǡƵģӦ£߹ȥ໳ӹС󣬴Ҵ뿪

ԹԵߵ£ɨһӼûĲˣЦ
û뵽½ġ

ԭΪ½Ǹ֣йޣ겻Ůɫȴǵһμ棬½ࡣ
̧ףҡҷ£͵СƽһɫǶԶ۾ͷּС¹Բ۾ؿԼ£ҧʢĵӣңĵѪ

⸱СģʲôίƵġ

һƤңƼˣҲ
޺Ỻ¹ĿްԼߴŲӲĽǻͷϡ

ˡ

෽żЩġ
ѩ½һȥ󣬾ʹʲô˼ˡ

ҲãҲá
ԱһΪ֮

ţ޾ôɣôЩ¹ԱСطԷ벻ͨµ½Ϊʲô
ǰе̬ɫ֮¡

ˡ
ġ

߬űӣĶɬѡ
û뵽ͬԭİޣˮݡ

ţЩĻˡ
ûݳԾ£Ӧûһǲʲô

ȼһϣˡ

˳Ĭã͵Ϊһͺ󣬱ᶪǵصĺݻʱԸ˾䣺ˣһظ
ﲻ᲻أ˷·ص̺÷԰ͬסǶӡ

ԹСź
˼ԼӣҲѾū澣ź򣬲Ȼظȥн

ҹץҩ·֮һҹʱˣǼݽ棬ҲûҪȥƨ.ɡ
ĥȥܡ

򡭡࣬ˡϣһһٵظ˾䣬ǸĿĲݡ
۶һճ̾߹ȥ

ǰ⸱ʾģǳԶ
వԼһ䣬ûϢ

ʵһ·ûôޣƷУ֣ܹԹԸߣʵûҪ˲ȥĵزȱӣһ߶ƫ·ͳɡ
೶ڣ޹Ƶģһ·լ

˵Ҳ֣ȥԺ·ϣһԱûƼ
ͻݣմƶټһԺӣź˶ûСǵһչޣᳵ·ȥѾŪˮϴһա

һȦ۵ðһͷ齱߶Լ˰
޳˯ţͻȻ᲻ˡ

Ѿܾûͬദˡ
ජ˰Σٳɵָ̧Ķ䡢βǼ⡢ꡭ

ޡҸһ֮Լ
Ҫ벻ľˣҲ㣬ҲҲ֡

ֲ̧˰ᣬſǻСţԭ㣬Ǹ쵰Ҷˣ㻹ôҿҩһͬĶûС
뵽ҹ£ݺݵ޸ͦıеƵģϰ˰Ρ

ұģңôС˲ãҪ㡢ǹ۸ҵģǲǡ
ߵӣ䡣

ȵֱϣһΡΡΡ
һۣڴϡ

أ˵ţû⵽޵ָ΢Ĳ˲
У졭ʵεˣ㱧ңҶ߽ҵ֡

˵˵ͣƬ̣ż㿴ųʱ򣬻ǻ뵽㣬ȴˡ
Ա۸ô࣬ʱһ㣬֪𣿡

ЩԹ޵Ĵ꣬Ѽ״Щ
һ˲ΪЦմʪᣬȥ

ˡ
µֻǸӣҲ̲ס

Ҫ¸ֽ˻
ٻʱתѹǣǵϢǵأû






27.  027   

˼, ֻƾű߬Ƕ֫ȹϸŲ棬ܸܵһ֮µĽ, , ŪʲôϡƵ, ĥ
ģϵϸ̡

ϢŨġ嵭ľ, йɵ÷㣬˼
޻ԹðͷԭҲ˾ơ

ֲýҹ
ܹȹġ

, ۣƬɫľӨ΢΢, ˵һ, ֱֱȥ
Ǹإ͵, , Ϫһ꣬췹

ֻûǶμ, Ҳû־
һɲ, ȴ̶Ǹʲôζ

չѵСֲԸ, һ۶ᷳ

οΪԹӣǻʵ۵ֶ, ٲŨױĨͶͱݺݺࡣ
һܾĲ档

࡭ƫƫͲһ

ƫƫǰ浾˳Ժеĳһ, ʱʱسһȦķ
ˮĿԼ޼ҿɹè۰Ͱ͵ʲô

ıĿ, ͬŮ˾塣
Ҳûȥ

дʶʾҪͣ¡֡
˾ƣʶ͵ˣʱ˿ֻ̣Ѱյļ䣬ܿƵȥ

ͷϸǹ
Լ⣬ϤһͿ

ƳƽؾСϴ˿ǶȾɫ֧ͷջ֮⡣
᲻ɫĻ»

࡭
ɤͳѹ֣һ˲ʲôᱬƵġ

̧֣ḧϸķ˿ȻȻظһǣɨ䣬ǶԶʪĽë
Ȼһ

ÿÿ£ޱǹ䡣
Сǰ䰮ĳš

ޡ
üεεġ

ίٴӿ䣬Ŷ˵Щݻ˵Ҫ££Ǿ䡰ࡱ󣬾һһҲˡ

عӣŽë˹ȥ
ʱȴǶȻΪ֮

̫밢ˡ

ﲻ֪ǿͣһ̰

磬ѹ
ƣජŷĴߡ

ഫƽȵĺģȴһֱ޷ƽ
ѹһʶ

ҹ

ӣһ磬ȽԵϡ
Ҳ֪ǲǺȶƵԵʣײֳأ

ʹϢ齣ɢѡ
ʱĶ˵·ϵ壬ֻشã־İĹ齼ʰһ

ϡ
ߺͭ޽һȷϺ޺ۼҹɫȥ

һ·ϣӰϸ괹̵ϣʱѼ֡
ҹǷˡ

屭÷¶ǣһһ˷κ֮¡
Լȫȷϣǿдʶǲǰޡ

뵽£飬ֻͷ˯һѣյˡ

磬౻Ƶѣԭŷš
ƣƱ˼ȽЩˮӡ

ûý̺뵽ҹǰ϶кۼġ
ȻɨϣϣЩ˴Ŀۡ

뵽ۣ߬ѩ׵Ľףݵӣĸξᵽɤۡ
Ǹӣ̫ǰޡ

ǼΪĹ˼ĸܣ㶯飬Ҳ
˼Ⱦϲ֪߬˽ӣ룺ҹޣֻƾѵӣǲһԣŹġ

תһ룬ޣôأ
׿ڷϹǵĹϵġ

˵ףԼ̵̰÷Ƶġ

ϴ໻ɾݱȹнһͬš
յ緹ȷʢʱߣ㣬ԵĺըԲ

һӵĲˣŵķһɨգûʽΪ˷ʢͶ˵ӳ
ʱûôӣɻյĲ˲ôǼʵģٳһЩɡ

ʢ붹ҡҡͷθڲãϲԣͶЩɡ
ٶӣȻԭ

׷ԸӰԵĲˡ
Ҳ֪ôնӵʳΪעŷӿС

գ϶Сүģҹ֮ºʧ⣬һ˺üգƱã˳ӣСүҲһ顣
̽½ˣмֺøеġ

ͬһʱЦġ
ƺһʶԼǹҵѾߣбӺãԼһ¡

ùʰȥϴʱҶɫȹ˳
ӣȹǹεʲôطôôѵˣ

Ŀһƣŷҹȹһ飡
⡭

Ʈ죬һ·Ʈ˶ӡ
ҹǵһʱʧֳİɡ

ֲûʱֻȸ

ǲôĺ졭
ûûʲôȹ˾ǡ˵꣬ǰյصϣһ뵽ʣǿ޴ĳĿھͻҵĲӡ

ԽԽס
Уһȥ鲼һУ

ԺֱԺȥˡ
ƽլйԱ߶һֱԼԺ⻹ǰռ䣬һ޵Ժ

´Ũһʢ
ֲҹȥʱǼȾĶ

ʱ޴ͬоӣֻǳ£ܹǲڷڵġ
ڲڣһ·̧ͦͷ߽ݣԺﱾûźԺ˳

һݣҸɾ࣬˴ɨˡ
ٿ׹̶ֱ

಻ĵȥǷƬ̡
ȷûС

룬ֻǹȹϣ;Ҳδ֪
ǵȥû⵽ŷģǱƼʰˣ޴ûġ

صĳݣСİŹغã
ûԶ½̸

һͣڻȴǲҪﾭ
꣬һԺ⵽ľϸϢ

βһ̧½ͷָԺ֣ϲҲر𣬾ԺһؼҲɫ㡣

½û뵽޻ͻȻΣҡͷͣˣֽԺãͬһֻȢһޣ檵ġ
Ŷôϴ꣬ĸ̶檣ϲɣȻֳͬΪֿѵģ˾ӡ޴

Ŷ˵Цţ߽ĩˣ޻߳źˡ
Ͻ뿪ȥ鲼ˡ

ͬ½̸һ°飬½һԵʳУ׼ǡ
ɻʣԭֽմĵĲǴҵġ

ղʹôܲϲʳزһ֣ͬƺԣ·ӴһС
ֶˡ޲ɫ

Ӵϻ۹ˣ԰ΪģҹҪͬȽʶʳģȴһһͬ˺Ⱦƣȵҹ֪ôصĸ׼⡣
½ҡͷҹﹷ̫ףֱڱ̵¸ͣˡ

˵ѾˣֿɲҪˮһհ޵ָ޵ػڣ
ʹˣ˵ӵѾˣ˹ѣ˶򣬶ͬ๲ͬġ

䳰Ѹ򣿺һס
˴һʲôͬ⣿ѲֽЩʲôô

ͷҴЦ⣬Ӳһ帾ͬ½Ųԡ
һΪҵģ˾˾ĸ֮ͨˣ֪һֱȢޣеˣҪңȻ֮ºϱ۰ޱȣ˳֪ǼҲϲġ

޳ĬƬ̣µĲˮһ
ּȻ˼ȫҾͲٶ˵ʲôˡ

½ˣǾͶлܳȫˡ
˵գʳУ³ȥ

ĬĬԻ𷽲Žÿһ仰Ծ޲ס
ʶϰͬЩʱȷ˵׻ġ

ľ仰½ΪҪȫˣ

һͷµһȦۣûһƼԼС鲼ġ
˷ֻͷۻ

һ޼ˣҪΣ
˼һ·ҲûȻԲˣ޲Ҫ̸£һ·װɵףϡ

ջԺƼͬվһ½
ӻˡƶ˷ܵ֡

½ˡ಻߹ȥ˸
ӣ֮£ʵڱǸٳصķˣмģҪҰſա½Ǹ⣬СشķӦ

ջŵױüβƮĨķۣĵ𷽲ԺһƤ
ഹܿ½ȵĿ⣬½ˣȥֻţΪȽ࣬ϣܾౡ֮ơ

ȻĿǰѾͻƣжϲӦþ統ճֳı֮һץŲ飬Ųձн
ˣòˣҵϣȽȽЩµ£ϾôСЩ¶˵̫ˡ

½ؽţеļ겻֪رЦƣҴի÷֣ڵزͬƹһ𳢳ɡ
νӴԸо½¶ǵС˼ܾɽƿһĽסʳУЦҼϲʳǾлл½ˡ

˲ؽ黳֮£רưɡͿ֮Ϊԣ΢΢ϥͻȻǲˣôôߣ
ʱ䣬ļӣһͬ糺죬ָ֣߬ǶƤ⡣

ǵģӡֳ̧ڣƴķôôʣ˺ü㶼ܱƳ
½Ϊǲ˲Ըȥƣ̧סӣͷӡ

Ȼ׻۵ļϣһСƬһСƬĺٺۣ֡
ϸĻΪӡ

˺һ½зѿ
½ءѹ

Ǹʧˡ½ɫ԰ףû˵ʲôŤҴȥ
½ô°ĨҴʧԺŵӰɻ

Ŀ⣬뵽ŶԷչ¶ɫȻ
½˱ȻǿЩͬ˻ŵ˰ɡ

ˣʵҲá
ݲ±ˣֺιʸϣء

ŤԽƵе°ɣ˻ˣһЩ
Ӳôһֿžء

ˣ½ͶҪٽˡ
Ϊʲô½ӵı֣Ҳ𣿡

ƣüס˭ҵūȻ³Կġ
໰᲻أ˵󣬱ֱֱӣһԺз

뿪Ժ½һ·ججߣĿǷǰĳ
ѩ֮ϣʺɱǺۣҪƬӡ

˭˭
ҹͬȽżֺȾֱҹ

Ӽ뿪Ҳ̫磬ǴĶЩӡӣ
ѲǱ·۸ˣ

ܣɫݣǱȵġ
ֻ˭أ

벻ͨԺ﷭ȥڣаѵһ¸Ŀڡ

Ѿû۵ĸоˣһΣӱʱ
ʱΪԼģΪκ˶ˡ

ֱࡣ
½񲻸ģĽ²ţȥס

ҹڳΨһһûմƵˣҲ𽫸λͻظԷġ
һ֪Ǹ˭һġ

½ʧǵլȦûҵˡ
֪һҪҵףʱ˿ڣίضŲյܷ

ûҵ˵½ֻ븮һţøĻΡ
μֿɫҰףɫȻæӭȥʣ½ֿʲôˣô⸱ģ

½бУ뵽Լòٶģȴ£̲סѹһһʮĽ齲ΣᵽʱԺٿðյĳ

½ʱ޲¶ץۣѪӣصʹôŪġ
޵ʱֻǳЦȻػ˾䣬èˣץġ

լʱèˣ
֮ǰ½Ժⶼϴɨ˵èˣûС

һ뵽һ˿Ժг˿
Ƿʱ˼תѵ˼Դ֧֡

ӱǣޱ̬ȡ
벻ǻ˵Ĺϵ

½أԿЦŤͷԻεһҪ
飬Ϊʰнչ

ĿǰչȻû£ͬҺϼɡ
μ鲻ѣȻܾͬ½һ뿪լ

ҹ޵İĴꡣ
ùźڴߣϸ򴰣ԺһֱҹĻơ

ҹ£ڣҲʲô
һʱ飬˾ˡ

Ƿޡ
¡ϾҲ֮ǰ£ЩʲôҲδ˵

ԹԵϴ԰ԼͻȻƵƮһ㡣
æƿһƣȽվڴ⡣

żۺȹ̯ĺߣվڻ֮С
˳ŴУطһ㼦Ƥ

ȽȽôƽźأ
ˡ

͵ܳģ֪ݸͬլԶ߹ҲҪһġ
꣬ôģɡ𣿡кݣȽƺԸ⣬͸Űǽͬš

ɡġ
ôˣһ˳Ҳ˻ᵣĵģҰͻȥɣҹ̫ˣգȥòã

ȽԲգЦŵ˵ͷܲܲ͵ܳ¸߱ţԺ͹ңҳˡ
ģ½˲Ǵܺôʲôʱˡ˼£ɡָ˸ųݡ

ȽˣԹԵǰ֡
ôǲǳʱ̫ˡȥøСа˵ţۻȥ˸СǼСȽϣҲûд̫ࡣ

߰ɡȽԺȥ
Ժûã෢·ƺͨլԺģɻĶȥ

ȥ֪ݸĽ·֮ǰ½˴߹һΣոȽȽǴġŮգգ۾ͣģʲô
û룬ͬһ·򶫱ߣʱһСӳ

иڡ
ǣȽСţǻ谵޹ʯС·ʱƮϸ꣬Щʪеûˡ

ôڣȽȽŴģЩɡ
ǰǽߣͲˣǰߣһת䣬֪ݸſ·ˡ

á֣ڣС֮С
ĵЩëʵºڵģɵȽ棬ܵó˵ӡ

ʱԶ·ĹĵԴЩͣ²ţɿȽ֣ĵĺ·ϲ˲䡣
˳żȥȽʱѾˡ

ȽȽһϽˡ
ٿأȽڲԶ

㣬ʵҽ㣬ΪǸɱҰﰢ˳ʲôģˡ
ȽȽģҪܣȹ

Щңϸ꽦ʯϣϸ΢죬ģĻš
㲻Ǹ˻ҿԸġȽɲԶЩЦ

ΪʲôղŲ˵ҵĻûдš
ʱѾ־嵽¡˵ʲôоֻǾȽԾ

һƬСաĽŲ
ֳɡڵúܵͣŸ谵ĺֽԶԶȥòǺ

ˣò֣Щ֣ȴЩ졣
лУŶԷܰס

׵Ĳ˵ģ
ȽȽ档Ļ֣ʱͻȻôߴˣֱܡ

ֲܶȽ
㣬ʵ͸ԷʲôˣԼ̫û뵽ͦİ˴£ҪеһȥеԼ¡

ŮЦصں֮УһͷˮȴëȻ

Էģһ˲ཫеɡ˹ȥĹԴȥ

ˡԭǴһֻ׵Ůߣ

žડһ
⣬֪ʲô׹ڵء

ٿأǰĹȻʧ
ٴΰȥ






28.  028   

լ, 
Ⱪ轵ð֧ľߵߵ졣

ſڣӣзֱŲ
үѾⲽˡ

, ү˼ǹء
˼ҪҪȥүŪҹ, Ͼһ, үûôúš

޴ʱȷ˼ǹء
ֻ, Ϊ¡

˷棬ʵˣһȷհ, ٶԱйȻȻˮ档

ʵĵڶ, ͨʬƶϳΪ˭
ֻǶԷر, ½ϵ, Žץ鰸

ӲΪһ½Ϊ˰ˡ
, Ⲣưǳ½ġ

Ը֮, Ҳ
һ, ޼ƻ֮, ͻβ

Ψһ£ȫ޵ơ

ҹ, , ڲࡣ
ûԼࡣ

Ǳ˿Ƶģž, ǿ£һĽ¡
˲پƣȴҲȫʧ䣬Ʒÿһζڴ֮䣬þú㡣

ӯյĸоһγ֪ԼҪݽȥơ

ϵÿһ㣬ÿһ磬ޱϤ
ҹ֮ͬ࣬ȷ޵ġ

谵УŲػޡޡʱйŭͣģͣ  
ԼҲ˵ҹޣеİޡ

ֻ类֧ĸо޿ޱȡ
Ҳֻš

ӲǸˣſǻСģҲһ˿ϧǸ˵ʶ𽥽ӹ壬£ȥԴ½Сˡ
һο˲̶֮£еİޡ

ֻǲеһƳ
ȴҲ㹻ʹһˡ

ͣᡣ
ˣԹӣҲӦеݡ

ºû˯ţ֪ġ
Ϊû˯ţĵԥҪδڵࡣ

ƺԴͻߵãδ˾ϣأ´Ϣؽһʰɾ
ĸɴ䣬ĸ⡣

ΪٻһҹͬЩʲô
磬һҵݡ

飬ȴҲˡ
Ȼǳɼҵʱ򣬵һҪȢӵģ̧ңʳٻ󣬶˵ȸˡ

ûУһԵˣĶӵСޡ
ٻӰʧڷſڵǿ̣ĿֲɿƵʹ

룬һȾʲôļֻ߱Ůʲôͷ
һļͲɿصط

ʴˣ޺ķҡ
˸סλĸףǸ⡣

ļǿյġ
ԶʱˣѧñԼˣò˫ۣȥһС

ٺɳϵѪ¼ˣľ͸ˡ
ȴ룬һգǻƽסôһˡ

϶ϲߡ
գһСҶɫ鲼մŵ㡣

أЦҪ˳ϵȼСеĿ޺

ƺǽơ

磬ҷȥҩӲˣôţҲʶ֣ܲүƣдʲô
մˮţŻŶ׿ߣ䣬һƿˡ

˪ɨ޻ĽƣһסźҴɨ
ΩΩФСŮʱһȴָͷ

ȥڻҵغ
˵գ޴ǵ߽ҹ֮С

£꼾
ıҴŪˡ

ĿȥǰһƬ
Ϣ˿û޵ĳʪУ෴ܸ

оʱ˫˫ȱ˵ڷ֮ϡ

˳Ÿ첲䣬谵УǶԶϸĸ첲
⸱ģֻ׵ĸ

ºڡ
뵽ǰϸܶЦֹסĴѹԼ˿

ϧ֪ϵһˣϵһ˵ϡ
Ĭںڰ֮еˣ˫ۡ

ˣӡ
ƣаص˷ܡ

ӡ
ס۵Բһǡ

ŶӹȻϻۣһ±㱻Сûٿıָŵһק
ڿеŻ˻Σǻǿģ㱻γ

ҹٿʼǰģôҵģ
βⳡϷףټҲܼ. ԸΪƯŮ˶ĥһ

ûеƣһĲϵ
ſԽԽٵĺ

ˣ˳һԶϸĽףָ֮µĲ
Ŀ־塣

һֱǰĲͬӦĿС

λã²£ಢʾɻȴ޷ƵطǻʦԼòӡСʱҾϳˡ
ң󣬾ͨӨķ⣬Ŀжϳβ֡

ᳶǶԶʪЬ࣬һĸ۵㣬ֻϡ
ԭˡ

ӲֹǸʦôǸĴ˵С潸Ǹ½֣ӲŻ˵С
һ㶡

Ϊ½
̫Ϊʲôλѡ

Ѳ½ҲУ
ٿأϴһʹ൹

һѸ֪㣬ĴˣЩѾĻȨһ

ûС˫Žӣ˳ŹûУҷûС
ཿؿţεᣬͻȻĿǵδϵˣ۵Ըӡ

ԹӻβмһЦӻǸˣ˭˲֪ϴδȢףɵˣŻ˵ЦĻ

ǰɣͦЦġ
ƾͬ˭ȥ˵ҲûѾɹ׵¡

Լã޵Թޡ
ίҪģĵȷȷһֱİޡ

ԽԽУһѵ˻ĳ
Ƥ죬ײĶС

ͷһѵϵӡ
ڰ֮ж׼ĵڶƫˡ

ٿأһ⽫βյһ
޿˵ڰյࡣ

ų. ĽѾϹӨ飬ôСһˣǣ˰ڲ
üͷٴξ𹭼һΣͷ׼˻εĿڡ

һ絽֮ͳ˰еһϵǸȻ¡
ĻС

˱
νһϸ𴽽ǣϸϸ

ԣǵᡣ
о棬ʱѽΧϡ

˵ʵ޵ĳ֣Ϊ⡣
һĵˮ©޷ǸûҪա

Ƭ̺󣬻ֻӶԷԨɫпɱ
һδվǣûĵ׷

ɱǧɱ˵ô
εȻһЦ

˵һŮҲǸˡͻȻȵ

֮Ĳ˼ǽŴر߹ض꣬ٲ̽ȡĳðա

ΣŮˡûĻأԼĻ⡣
ô֪ҸǸĹϵģ֪ġβŵؿޡ

Աý˫֣ڲط
Ůˡ

½񽲵Ǹ档
Ϊ檣ǸģŮĺ˻

ɼ½Ǳʷ飬ҲֻƬ֮ԡ

²ѣ˻ϣݲἮмأοŮӪ̶꣬ҵҲкۼ
ӣҹܳٵᣬ籾ͬϸ˵һЩӡ

˵ĲƵ˼ͷһ
ϣ˼ŭΣ뺦ô

ۿʱ˺졣
ãһ۾ͳǰĹֿˣĿҲͳ¡

δ¶˿βû¹ӣĹ²ռҰӿʼɡ
ܴռҵİ.㣬˴֮ʱᣬӻʱƭǺһ㣬˲ڳ֤£ڣʱҲ֤

ͬһͬȥռ磬.εͣϵˡ
ٿϸ˿ڣпڲȣӦòΪռҼ֣˽ռҼȻռ̫Լѣ޶ϣһġ

˹Ȼ˼ݣ˳˿

ַмѭֻɱһˣ棬Գ޵ļ֣󣬱޼ɵɱĳĶˣҲһ
Ǿʣȴ©һ㡣

¶֮µİЦĳ֣һˡ
Ƚ©廰

޿ʼ̸۰ӺĿʼնûǷĮӣĿڹһ

Ƚ֮꣬ʲôƺȽΪɵ
˲֪СѾͷкܶ࣬ɱϣϼٵ󡭡ĸռŰУְˡ

ŻηƵЩͷɵ÷һ㼦Ƥ񣬷·Ĵδμӹɱ¾㡣
Ƚɱˣµʮˣڻ֮֡

һʶӾɱǶô̬
ǿԺ޸Ķ˵Һ޻ں֮⡣

ǰ׵ģ㸸ףֻߡ游
̫Զڼ¼Ҳ꾡Щ£ֻƾ²ˡ

游û˵ʱҫС
Ҳû뵽ɱ¾ںܾ֮ǰڻγǰͿʼˡ

С潸ء֪ôſ׿ڸ˵Լ˵ӣ֪ϲϣ
ȷҷޡ޺ɣѿڶ

һ䣬쵽඼ûӦ
ܣûгףǰʱղűѰء

ԣϪ壬ͬѾˡţʹϪĴ񣬽ԿΪ֤һһ٣֪ʱߵ˲ʮĵطֱֱĿࡣ
⣬Щ

ޡ
ţʵҲֲ浽˭

Իץˣ˴γУֻ˸ͷͬаˡ
ܣӣΪι½֣ǸĴ˵ĺӣϵӡ


ֻüͷһ½󱻳롣

㣡
δ䣬ವһ

һ紵
һһڵأһ̣޳ǰ§˵Χſ壬һ֧ɫĳѾŲڻεĲ֮ϡ

˳Ƕȣ࿴˸ڷϵӡ
ûмİ

޻ôవһҲ⡣
Էһ£ɫأ޶˵ͷʧڻããҹ֮С

ʱΰӣѪĭ˳ͺͲһûֱֻŶˣͼ˵Щʲô
޾ӸµɨΣڿһֻĺ˫Ǳ䡣

⣬ֱоָµ΢΢ʶһֱڷ
Ҳǣ޸֮£˵ӣѾǺˡ

߰ɡ޲֪ؽ£ָҲܿƵǳǳĦ¡

ʶԷĴ֣֫ϡ
ͷػޡ

Ҳǰޡ
һ飬Ǵʲôѿ

š
˵꣬˿һ뿪

ŲӵȨ֮ƣҶֳ̧ס˺ѣͷ
ʵµˣǾ䰢ޡɵˡ

߬УȻ侲
˵£ˡ

۵Ľ벻
޵Уֻ侲⡣

ʹˣֺαִ
Լ˵˴һ档

ίС̾˿
ǵĹϵǼùġ

ҹûںףǱ˴ǢദΨһ·
˳ȻǺõġ

ʮɱ°ˣнԸͬʱ̫˳йأ°Ըӣ֪֮£ˣǡǡʱԭĿ꣬һֱǳ檵ļȻҡ
޻ǽ˵

лӽı£۷
һ䣬ַܣ߷棬ҲڷС

һοרڰޣ侲Ӧ磬ܾ׼㵽ԷҪվĬҲܸѹȡ

쵼ߣʧΪ˰ޣȻȺ
ʶԼİޣʹӰӡ

ǾǽߵĶ⡣
˳ᢣƿһеޣȷҫۡ

˵ףٹĮȴҲ
ʲô£󲻵

˲ٶ˵ʲô಻Զĸ߳β֣ưô㶳

ô꣬Ҫôȥ
ţͷһ

ϵƤѾСԹˡ
ӡ̧Ҫձ̻ؾˣᵢг̣㵣Űɡ

޴ûУһĿڣܳƥ


Źȥ߳ͷʱ˳
˵һѾ޾ţӵϡ

¡˦һ䣬˿粽
ԾŤʶǰ˿ٿأƥ粽ߵȥֱֱԽĻ

ˣҶ
಻ǵôصլֻǵƤ멽˸ʵʵֱظҲֻʪ˸½ѡ

ߵԺԺĲڡ
лӾ֮

ϥŤҪߡ
ࡣ

ӿɻʲôԸȽЩӬʡ
ҹҺȶˣ㡭

ְ䲻ǵˣ
ˣҪͬ

һ㣬Ḻ

˵꣬洹žӵеӵȷƲ٣ҹҽӷңȥӷʲôԾĵطȥʰӵۡ
ô޷΢أֱض

ѻ˵Ķô׾ӡ
ұϵˣǿĵʲôطҲδ֪ˣҹ֮£˵һ䶼Ҫ˵ָ壬Ը󣬱뿪

ʱͣ²ӣ׼ĨҴʧ۵͵ӰɵЦˡ
ԭ顣

Լڴϳˡ
޲ٶ룬Ť첽ȥ




29.  029   

³, 겻Ъ
½ֱֳīδȫɺԵľڣȥؿͣ

ô뵽ʶԼʮصֿѣǲڰ, ɱ˲գ۵Ĺ֡
޶һ, أ½һ, ־ٿٴ, ֮Ҳ޿ɱ粵

ֻǲţռҰ, ϴؼһͬһŰݷù, ôܡƤ¡
½, ǻǶô, Ÿ˰ĹԱͬ, ˵Ϊֱ˼

ǲ, ͵, Щ꣬, 겻ڰˣ˼, ֶ, ׷ѰѲҴµֻɱļѵѳΪ̰ͼɱ¾ʱеķӡ

ϱͬȥ, һļ㣬ʱܴͬУô̼

ܿеĻҼѵǺ⣿
ŮˣϣܴӻѰԴԭݺַ֮ǰŰڣı£ްǰѷ°𡣡

ʴұƶϣŮʱӣĸ˷飬Թޣ¼ѵϸִмѵĴ

½ȻɻŮԼҰ
ңῴǰ촬Ⱦ׳ղܱʷŮĹ£ֻܴҰʷΪղ෹̸ʣ룬ΪӱĻϣʵ𡣡

½ĬȻ˵ĲʷмѭŮȷݱ
˭뵽Ķȴˣҡ

δ˴λΪ¹ԱṩסҲͬԭ򡣡
žһ½񽫾ˤϣ޶ۣδ߰ػǣֹǻǣֱǶɲ

Ϊʲôϱأ
½벻ͨãΪҪͶҹԼ½ȥβ̯ơ

޴гһźݸ½
ǻҹġ

ʱֽһ໭ĻʶֵĽƣһ⣬ǻ⡣

ֻа˸֡
ʳ֮ζ֮ϧ

޲룬½ԣ϶ͬϵŽ°ߣΪ˸½
Ƿţ޵ѡ

Ϊ԰˸ڰʾ֪ͬ¶ˮ֮顣
޶Ըϵˣ˼ǣԼ°ɱɱˡ

Ҳ½ຣ

ɻʼû뵽һ·ҵĲ֮
׿ڳϣ˵ȷǽᷢޡ

һؼҹĻΣɱࡣ  
ֻҹ֮£޷ֺ͸¶½

½ɻ󣬡˼ǡ

°Ը֣λѰ˼ˣŴͬһ¶


½һ̾в֪ʲôζϾѣȴĽ֡

ˮʯұ̻ؾˣһֿɷͬȥСƷͬ
½һۣʱͳƬںڣΪ֮ѾкüûϢˡ

Ҫ̻ؾǼ۳ۣԾܾ绹ˣܲͶգȺúЪţְʱұضŰݷãʱþкþдҰɡ

ֻûȥôν˴ޣʵһҪֵͬ޷²յЦ
һԵÿÿԼүӲЦݣ󼹱㲻ذ

ǳԣƾ˰ɣܴӾжľɲǶ֡

½뵽ƺ£ﲻŤ
ãҹǱΪ֮

֮ûѣºͬһǰһݡ

緹㣬Сݾòͣƹ֪ݴˣҵ˴˯ĳӣ˱ˡ
Ƽƹ½ܵЦʣܰհء

ĸиĸ°ˣް飬ߣԻˡ½ڰ֣Ϊһơ
ְȷȾ٣ûôෳ¡½ٱһЦһ㣬ְµıܸˡ

ҹ龩²£Ͳ㽻ڴ¸ſڣһǲն񡣡
һô½ѹʡ

˰Ѹ£ϸڲΪֻ֪˵ڴ¸ǰ̣ն
񾩾ƲƹܣܻĴ󽫾硣

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Ϊӣ鴢½ѹ͡

϶֮λһǱõĴôҿδء
޻Ȼδѹ

˿̱侪֪λش½񲢲Բʮڵˣ޵ƿ֮С

Ще֪

ܵ˼ǡ
һָ˵㱭ڣһ֮ɫ̧׿½񣬡һĻᡣ

𣿡½Ȼ֪䱨Ӻζ
ĸɩС念Ϊαɩ뾩󲻵꣬ÿ£ͻȾؼǣɫģ˫Ŀ峺Ųæؽһƿ½һ߽൱С

˼··һȻħ䣬̲ס˳Ļȥ¡ȥ롣

½ĵһıӱ£ʵû
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ʱɣһӱʱ̫ɺϣλеһˡѧʿ֮ͻȻˮ

ɺϴյһ˼½㲻ΪɺˣֻҲκθݣҲ벻ͨԷӺӱĵա
ӱؼȾʱ룬֪½Ϧ

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䣬ߵţƹԶ˲
°ڣŤһȻظеȱˡ

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֪ʵһǰͽµֻẠ̊́ϵڲűҿ

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Ŷһ㣬ƹܷæϴҼèûܳԵǼҵ㻹Ҽˣһʡ׽ˡ

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ƹ˵գTWۻسʳ˫ַϡ

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ǡӦ£÷԰ʱԽӲһ˲үеèָ˭ˡ

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޻׼ĨɵЦʣӲ̫ôظٶ˶˲衣
뵽ն˲¾ʹᣬæүҴ˻ɣھȥɹ

˵žҪߣһѳסʳ£һ˾Ͳóˡ

*

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С¸ͣ

˸Σ ȴֲΡ
λ£ʱͬ޳ײһ¡

Ҫɽϼ֣Ǽ֮ǰʰҰӻСɰԺʰſǿСء
¸¾͵òˣ⼸գһ²˺ʹС

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һ˿գŵһ

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·ͷôŪʪˣ

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ϵ˻ûȬôˮ㡭಻˵ۣȥˮ

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ܳͬһˮһ裬ǣţһȥ

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Ϊʲôȥץѽô䣬ǲɵſǻš

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ˣԭǰôһ䣬ץס㣬ѾûԹˡ

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»ൽ׻һΡ
ԡͰˮͨͨĽԶҲ洫Ƶš

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ֻһۣ˯ԺûӦޡ

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ҹ֮Լ˸ԡ

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ţԼļֲλؾһҪҸúơ

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ɫ䵭Ե˹⣬ĵֳСˣÿһֲ࣬ƺǡ˷

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ʵν˵Ҳڣദģʽ֮ǰ÷԰Ҳࡣ

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֮ǰĿôãøСүΪ˻ȡͬүĻᣬүĴô
³ˣΪˡ

ҹźʱүżģƻͷһμүΪһŮġ
үӣܹǲһİɡ  

ƼǸΪȻģżλ˺üѣȻؾˣӵöÿװǡ
װ͸ټӵΣүֻԸߡ

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Ķ֪ƵС˼˿ǳԱ㣬׼ȥɢʳˡ

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ȻãȴҲݻյƣ

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ʵ޲ȫȷϣϵʵ飬ܽ꾩̶֮Уֻ½ΪǡҪġ

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ǡ޲ڡ

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ιɱ޶½׷ʹ֡

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30.  030   

³, Ϊ࣬꾩һ;ûż·ǷŻ, ͣͣ
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ڳ, 
Էġ

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֮ʱĿ, ȽЦĻ˻֡
˲㼦Ƥ

಻֪ʲô, ҪȽؾ, ΰľ, ֻ˻һ֡

ˡ
ΪȽݲ, Ǿ׸ΨһѪ, С£˵ȥӦû˻š

, һƿȫֲʧޣķŹСѾͷġ

ƺ, һ, µĹԱڻس̵ĵڶգ֪ʲôԭ, ǰǸˡ
һȽ

ӵ˺Ȼ˴룬ֻʣԹһˡ

³꾩ɡ
糯ٹɫǲҰ׻֣̿Ȼؼ뿪

ı֮󲻵һ£ʵٴڳմŭ
̲һɹٱյȥӲƬ̣㱻ʵ

йش˴ͤϴףЭͬ٣ƻľ˺ĸϢԼŮ
̶ֵӣȴһų˵

һΣδ󣬻ʵ۱ֱø˴δǵͤɴ¸

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ڡ
֪ʵ۵ǰŭʱԻʺţڹһûȣסžડһ˵أһΪ

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ȥ

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ףԻʺʣճ
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Իʺһ˵ôԭ˵ļҪˣֲ÷壡ʱȥѰķ
ףС뿪

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нĻλƣǱˣһǣԺ˯˹ȥ

һֵΡ
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˲ɫŻҡ
Ӧʢףٻʢ

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ŮòѳЩۣһ˿ȹ̣֫ڶۣ֪ŮӱȻס

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˴ͳСžµĲרͻŮ

֪ôã޵ͬЩ
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褶ʲôأЦţǺ飬ǵݸӣֽһֻˮݹȥҲãõá

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ͻȻʱ͵ƿ
ס

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үҴߵģȻӲߣֻðˣ
ϲүģɽˣүӣһҪүŵʱ

˵ţҪץЭŽ
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áѸ𾪻֮ɫæͬ׳ľ֮С
;ȹ£ܹ֦롣

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ʱǰʯС·ͣ½ŲŤʣˣǰͨ۵С·ǵĻٻȥӰɣͬԼȥС

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ǻףǵʵ۵ֶӡ

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һգܼڰ޵ļ䣬ΪȥͬϪôֻߣܿԽ׼ӭţ

ţԼ̲סЦˡ
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ͻȻʶԼνһ֮ԼԭǸЦء
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ˡ

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ӷģѾɽɸɾү㰲ţʱ

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׼ÿǴ鿴߹ȥȻȻ첲ɡ

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һ

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31.  031   

޽һ, ˫ĿԲŵؿࡣ
˵ʲô

ȷǽգ²֪
ĸԹ, һ, ŽѶ

ʴֻ֪³, ³塣
ô֪ģ

ʲôˣ

ʱձѹĵ׵ǣֲ֪ӿ, ݴһ˿Ӧ

ٿȻоͷ⣬߬ŵĲʶ¡
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ʲôǼԼ, ƽʱ, ͽǯС
౻ŵ, ˣֱ󼹵ڱǽ, ʶԼ޿ˡ

ôô


˸ߴ, ǣʣǾ, ͬҽ
ʣֵòĲݵĸо

һ, ˵, ף֡
ءһ͵سȭǽ棬Աʣ֪µġ

һ㶡
, Ѳǽգ

ɼǽգʲô
Ϊʲôһ仰ͨͨĻҪף

ѹͷޱ˫ƾˮ۽ǹ䣬ԼΪνջƾʲôң˻ɡʡв֮һĿܣʵҳһ֮ô

ʱ˵˴˼ǲ£㽫Ϊպͬ죬أȫȻˣҡ

ʱնѻίѹ֣һƣˮͰʯֱľͰұˡ
ǱˣɬĿڣСﻹ˵ϱģԶʵؿ޳

ʱĽͬһ˶ϳĿֻվԶ˼˭Ҳ˵ʲô
վڶ⧲һĻȫס

üͷϳʹѵĿڣʶȥǰࡣ
ǿѹԺеǸ˵־ǿջڰе֣ޣƽ֮ˡ

Ķܵϲϲ޵ʹ죬޲ðί޳ȥŲҪԼһֱίš
޸ͣĿ۵ķ͸˺ݺ߬Ƶģһ˲Ҫȥˡ

ûޣֻ¼֣˴һ̨ףĪҪٿޣˡ
˵ò

Ȼͷ˵⻹ԶԶ
רͷٿأƮһ졣

ʲôһ㵹ȥ

ĽơڼűƿŸˣŵˣӻȥˣ

޷Ŀڽʹǰһڣȥˡ
ʶʱѾһƬ谵֮С

ããɫ޵Ļ硣
ԼԼŮ˳ҭҭĿ

ֻΣĿڲʹˡ
ٿȻгһӰ

Ƭ̺һԼĪͯŽ£Ц⣬Ĵº͵Լ
Цţ޵ڡ

һ˲ȻСһһģһͯ
˱˴ŶԷ

һͣһȴǱ䡣
޷ŴӼԷһ̣˭ˡ

ǸʮǰڹеԹӡ
Ǹĸģ֪նԹӡ

̫ңֻĻȰ֮ģºʹ˵ĺӣǻȥġ
˵ٴλصڶߡ

Ī
ǰЫŻһĻĺӣôȥ

Ҫ˵ЩʲôԷͻȻ̧֣Ŀڣߵ¡
͵ۣʱȫȻѹ

ǸӰҡҡΣɿ߬ŵӣһ̧֣ס˶Է㵹ļͷ

Ӱ˯кȻѣԼͷŵøæҪ
־ȴȣûߡ

Ĺ˿ȥΧˣɫɣ˾䣬ʲôʱˡ
˲Сţųųػ˾䣬Ҫˡ

׽
ɿļͷ

˳ȥ׽

׼ɫҰףȴ˿
۲˴̫ãȥ׼ץɽˣԺȥֱӻؾ

һͷݣ㱻ȥһԡ
ӣԸȥɢɢ

лҪ˵ĬĬ˵ͷá
ʱĺɫɽﷺС˸硣

ӻҪúչԼӲǡɫͣס֣ġ
ӱ䣬⼸꣬˶ֻԼˡ

ּԣӼȻӣֻܷƽģǸƵģһг䶨ӡ㣬ֻǵµȨ֮ơ
಻֪ԷĶϵֻͬӵĹϵǵ򵥡

ٸӣһһŮʲôϵӻȥֶһֱǣӣ⣬ѵ𣿡
һ

޾ʱʱһЩֻа޲ſ£Żһֱҡڲ
һ˵Լˡ

ȴܣʲôǵãյѾļ䣬ֻҪֹסѹ

ֻίӲؿš

ֺּۣæ˴СִȤţӿˣʱӵ¿ˣҪȥˡ

ЦãԼʧѪȥ˰ɣʲôϵأ

ʱصʱװƼӿǻˣæӭǰ
޼ǳͬһɫ֪ذ˰

ҪôԼ̴ĺӣⲻᡣ
ǡ¼֣ͬߵһԣóһȥĸܿ࣬˼ΣЩӻĸ£ƽղҪԼ

һ޵֮ˣҪôǮǷǣЩ绨Щ͵Ĺǰûûֵĸ˵£ﶨίġ
ĸô֪˵ģ

üͷһѹôأӹ˳ĺܣʲôû˵赹ʱһֱ˼ҵӣôɲ˼˭֪ܲ
ģŷ߬ʲô

ˣĸ˵ʲôãò˸˳ˣҴţҪϹ򸾲ſգ
Щ꣬ͬڻκӲȢ檵¡

ĸƶôңԷŻ֣ҲԼƽһ㡣
ˣǾͶõ㣬⣬ſģȻģһյ»ڵġ

ĸģ˼аţֻ£ȲҪøĸ֪źá
ʵóײƶ˹ϵʼδġ

ǣ·ģͻ첻ôԶҪúչԼǡ

Լӣ복һƣˡ
ӡƼƣ

û൱Ρ
ҿ

䲻һ䣬ûԷǺ
һѳ߬еһƣٺһƬŸѪɫƵġ

ôô߬ӣô
ͷӻеȥ֧ҩ࣬һΣ󼴿ɡ

Ӳôûҩֻ̧࣬۶
ЩѲ˿˵Ƿǲɣ

Ȼ˿࣬ӵ¿ҪΪ֮´αҶֶš˵ţֺˡ
ӻδ£޵ĿھͿʼ鶯ˡ

ѾӦ쵽ԼûƼԷҪޣͿʼˡ
˻صһ㣬пϣʱѿʼ߶֨֨Ƶ춯š

ԼʱٻȥĿܣ߷֣һȥʱû˷ִ磬㣬ҩðɡ
࿴ҪԼҩ࣬ԥƬ̣¡

˶ѣ㲻ҪģҶ㡭
޲˾䣬δ˵꣬Ŀ漴һʹ˿ײľЦʣ㶼Ҫô

࿴Ƭ̣ɫһ䣬ü滺࣬ôҿۡ
סŵĿԷ⻰ǴƮƵġ

һݣǹŴǣ⴦սָۣԼĿڣżԳζ˵Ҳǰޣֻޣһۣܲܲޣ
Ȼֹᣬ˳űǼƮǹӵ㣬ֲ˲䣬ŵʵ֮ǰ飬һ֮ԼҲͬҲףȥڰ޵£Σ

಻֪ΪʲôͻȻûԵɵʾãºϣ߷ˣֲ̧˲ᣬʣΪʲô

ҳ֮£Ŀǰھƣݲֻܽί㣬Ƿģʴˣһ֮Լһ㣬ʲôյ£Ҷϣֻһ㣬㲻ޣʱԸҲᾡ㲹

ҲҪʱԣҲذޣǾӷ뿪Ҿнţ뿪κˣܹúúõģ治Ը뿪ɲؾڹȥ

۾׵ĸƵģʱҪΣǵȵʱ˵ɡ

á
ˣˣʱϹ˿ô죿̧֣˲۽ǵᣬֻܾС¹˰硣

ôԸ⣿
ǡ

ĬĬȡõĺɰݹȥܲĸ׵£ҺܱǸײͬһգȷ⡣
ĺɫʱ֣ڹ߻谵Ǹʲô飬ֻ֪£УԳ

ûпޱһ˲䣬Ȼɢȥȡǵصĺ⡣
ǲϡֶΣˣҲǱ޿ѡ

ǰҪ֪Ů˲㣬Ѩ
һֱȻԼߵⲽ

ֻڣѾ̫ˡ
޲ġ

ҲŮƿһС

ߺֻøһ
˵ʵ޿ϣ⡣

ڵ֮ʲôӣ޵²źá

龩һ;˳ԹǺѸ·Χۣԭǳʮ׳ϴˣҲ֪¡
;ʱ·߳ӣһȺڴкʲô

ƺЩЩʲôϾʱѾ˾ǣƽ£Ҫ׸ŵץȥġ
֪ʲôô

Ļӣϸԭ˾һŭһͤϵ񲿹Ա˽ףҴǽ
֮ʱ˺棬ƿ͵һۣȻֽƬ裬ɼѧӵ̶߳ȡ

üǼүλҪæˣףǴеĴ¡
Թ˲ŶƾѡεҪ;

˿ƾװˡ
ʱϽͷװѾˣֲǰ죬ͬеĴԱӱ޸ϻؾǣԭǳ

濶ҲЩŭ⣬ǳЩΪϾƾǺѧΨһ·Ƕټͥıһָ
ⲻ͸߿һô˼ͷߵľ֮ϣ̰꣬ڿ飬Ϊϸ211985ʱҵˣܿԼҸ·ô

һ·Ȩƣ¶˵ġ

µĲһ꾩ֱ£ײδͬУһ·үҪ󣬻ӻСլ
ͽƲ飬һ·÷԰ûԺ洫ȮͣȸߵСƹҡβһ·˳滹ǣŸ

ӣƣƹô£ԭǻˡ
㶼𣿡ţɫӦûˡ

лӹһҿǰָ˸չˣҪȻ˵˵ţ۾ˡ
ǲǽ۸ˣȥ˵žҪߣһסʲô»˵Ҫ۸Ǿ뷨۸ȥͬ˵˺£ǲҪúá

ǣŹӽݣԥԥҭβŻ²ǽģ˵׳°չҵѾ߳Ҳûʲô⣬ӡѾ߱ʱҵĲ˴룬ҪȻ÷԰Ƕû֪
ûۣСլƽʲô£ΨһӲ÷԰סôֲڣѾȥʲôѲȥźôҿǳĵģУȥҽȥ

ϴΰðƶˣҲǲԣ˭ѹסǳ¡೤̾УԺӣͬӣֹϵ
ԲͰҹ˵ڡ

ӿǵģˣ˵ûϵô
ʱ˵ˣȻؾҪȥȫ꾩õ·ѣҳӣûƼүƹŮӡ

ְ䣬ҲƵƵͷ۸£ֻȵȵ˵ˡ

һͷͬոϻؾ̸۴˴οƾ׵
ͤѾ󣬵δ̣ϾԷԪƽĵӣǵԻʺֶӣһСģҪ˵ġ

ѹý֮£ǣļ˸иֻǶ۰Ͱ͵ĶŴ£ȹһ¾ơ
ϳѶΪֱӸ޼ҲǼ߷ֺ֣ƽգҲԥֻζԷԼңò˼

ϾľԹһ嶼֡
οأţǿſƾˣһģƾףͰͲסҪϲ鵽ס

ףǲһ֮
ڵȣڵ֮ǰڳ飬Թ޻

ʱ罫Ŀǰ˵˾ŷ֣Ŀޣ˼մް갸ӣƣڼϢһա
֮̽⣬˿ڲ裬ⰸǵȲˣ漰ƾ٣صϣͤϲƾѡΣ˼ΪҪԾµز飬¼Ծ

˼˼ǡ飿
ʶ£Ϊ˽ⲻ꾡ȴҲһøУԼҵ£Ҫ̽µġ

˲Ѿô޻һЦ˼䲻ǿƾˣر߾꣬ΧԶϿѧӣ˼֪ſ֮ףͤһ±Ҫ¶һǡ
ۺָ̧˱裬һţ˼Ǳɹٵܺٶίʵ壬׵֤ܵܵݣǱһʧ

ףܺϸ
粢֪࣬ʵԹػƽԼġ






32.  032   

³, ͣ꾩ӭ
µΣ޶һ̯ѪԣҪʬ, һԵ, , Ҫɣ֪Ѫˮûûж

δ, Ѿǰ֧г׹ǵ󣬵ж׹ѷ

ִͤϵͿƬ, ٳƬƤӽײ, 
˲ʣտصںδ, Ҫʡ

˵Ļ, ʱѺ, Ŵ󡣡
±ٻʥϣñ֪©, ġ

, ס
ֵص䰵˿ģ, ȴ˿°ٱ

ֻͷûôˣϲ鴺װı, ׵ڴ, ة̡

ʱͬةžһͬصãվڻ, ʳкţžüβһŶˣһͬţ˼ٽҲ١
޵ͷɨеʳУɵüԱߵλȴ¶ϲɫ

ͬϵĲ˶ǸԸģð
ԹĳӾǲһÿնŻˮģŹŹܲҹŹžҡҡͷͰ͵ǰĲˡ

˴ദһʱգž֪ԵλԹӣĮѵʵͣͬŽпңֻҪſڣʲôԲ
Ŵ˵Ǹ˵ģٻǶԣССֻܺȺȲˡ

Ҳǲ޵һƣɫƮЩɫ˿״ʣףʲô
ʵһֱڵүʣżʳʱҲûⶫһ䣬شˣǳݻλ˵մ࣬˿ڲʣ㱸ϼĳݻ轣ΪѪ

ˣݻǰ͵÷԰ġ

ĹϵȻѾ޿ˣݺⳡϷ
ʴˣģҲʱⳡͻġļ

ȻԴ˹ϵͣܳԵ£˯š
Ѱҽ£ûãɳ̽ĴѰһ䡣

ݻ˵ϲֶѰžĽĶҪˣֻǰ㣬ͷһ㡣
䣬ѾҨһͽУƷͲ壬Ҳδгݻڡ

ù󣬵λûеˣ̲Ķö࣬ջ˰ɡ  
ֱ۵ĶһֱϲζȥҲ޷

û˳λҲûֵ̫ɥԼ鶹У԰գּһ顣

⵽쳣ɵö̶еһ飬˿ꡣ
˼Ѿ˲ˣôٳԵĵ

һԵ׿ЦãλǶӵհ涼Ҫô
Ҽġ޿ͻȻⶹʲôر֮öΪ֮

ž곤޲٣£ƽǰ
˵ϰѶھҲģʱЩӦ

жţƲϵıȨӵܣټ佫ãտʼв˶
žȴ⡣

һͬһʣ
һ֮ް참˽е̬ȣڴסš

һ׷ȥǻȥˣҶҲȫСҲѳݻյĶ͸ˡ
ûôүּۻ۵ģԹĲˣôͷôյĲȥء

á
үЭһ˲ΪԼ仵ˡ

ĬĬǿ鶹ҲûʲôӦ
˼ÿնԵľǲһˣǾ͵Ĳˡ

һ򿪾֪ʳ÷԰ǴģκΪŷ㣬Сլ˸ӣרΪ͵£ǳģĲ̫

ʱͬ׼ʥһԺʣүǶʲôر֮ô
ڶˣر𡣡˵ţŵ㡣

ŶλҲǵģôͶүʳˡ
޵ȻһЦһϯܽλةֶΪء

*

ڣȴǰġ

Դ޹龩գԻʺüģ񲻶
Լ׻ͬһֲϡ

һ·棺̫ӵڵ
Իʺ߶̫ӣˣк죬

̫ųѾʱһǸմӻʵǻԻʺɵ԰ЩգԼ£ǣ  
ԻʺǲˮģӵŮ

ĸ밲̫ɫ糣Իʺ󿴲ڱǸʲô

ɣĸһЩûȳĸΣ
ĸ¡̫ȴû㣬أĸͬ˵ʵ֮£ȥģ

Իʺ۵һţҡͷĸûУͤԼµ£ĸѲɷˣôƾ١
̫Ӷյϸһڣĸʱ˵͹ˣΣǱһµġ

ԻʺЩֱ̫˫Ȼͤš
ĸ˵һ糯ŭͤϴףϲ鲻µľѾĲˣվͻû󶨰ĸӣϲȥϵ˾ǣ⼸ڹڵŸǡ

ͬûаֹϵΪҪ𱾹Ҫ˵ʲôҲͤϱγʱЩ
Իʺѹſһʱ죬ȫ˵˳

ĸ󣬺󹬲ɲ볯̫ѹߣնȨûĸҲᡣ

Ŷһĸ׿ֽܻ֪ѾޣϢŻᴫƽԭԪ 
Իʺһ㶣֪ͤϴ˴ѱȴĻô졣

ôģԻʺ̫ӡ
̫ӵĮĸ׻Ǳˣʱ򸸻ʱ©ڿɾ鷳ˡһж·ͷȥ˵ɣĸûʲôҪԸģȸˡ

Իʺл˵ģͬԼһжΪƽ̫ӵĻȨ֮·ɴͻȻ¶ԼҪ²֪̫ҲҪۡ
˲Ķ

ίҲãںҲգ˵ڡ
ᵽͤʱͶ䵭Ŀ⣬γѡ

ͤϱԽ磬ԼҲܱסࡣ
ݲĵ£ܻȥġ

ԶȥӰԻʺδһ̣Լ¶  

뿪ڹټɫ滺٣չȥʣҪض𣿻ǡ  
װȥз

ǡ
ڹٴף֪룬ǰ˾ֵзȥġ

ʦǰѧ̩ĲȻͨ黭һֱͣȴԼҴۣ
ʵί

̫ӻóȥһ֣ٽֵĽ黭Ժ鷻ķıӣ꾩˾ۼ֮ء
ȻδֿڣŲԶ֮

ڹټüͷСȰүҪǻǻȥɡ
أҪ縺£ӱ֮ܰĵ

˵գдȥ

һͷͬơԼȥˮӽ޸
Դ಻Ǹлﶫ׷ծǱ÷԰ûȥ֬ˮۡӹ

Ľơ꾩󣬵࣬լԺѾߴ¶жƣ֮ǰǽԺʱ͹ɫѣûĺÿˡ

˻δȥֻſһƳ㱻޸ڲװξ޵ˡ
޸濴㣬ʵȥֻһ㣬һѤʵĸʽϣһ¼ʽȹ

ǰǼˣɨȥÿСԶһλ޸ĻƸŽܣ൱רҵ
ʱðĸ֣߼ơ

ӭͻƼλſڣ֪ļûУճһ۾ͱˣһ׼Ҳ䣬㵱û
뷨ֻ޸Ļа˹ɡ

ƼǽȥҪǰǰľʱͷһʹ༷ȥˣһûվȣİ벽ǰȡ

ſڵĻϳˣæӭǰϣؼҴӺͶλô޸ˣƹ񳿻˵Ҫȥϸλġ

ôӵģżһš
࿴Ҫȥ˼ۣæסƣҪ£߰ɡ

һԲӹȥļˣһλʶؿ򽲻࣬ñֱ治ļС㡣
ǷǣŽͬˡ

ؼҴӶĨٻӰ΢΢üǹĽôǸһģһ
ܵġ

һΣæ˼һԵĶý㣬ǲ˼ҵλѽ
ЦŽͣضˣۿɲǼ˵λãзžվǼ۽޸̫ݻŵòҽˡ

ãˣ¿ʽӲϽȥտɾͶûˣʱԹ˰㴩ʲôȥؼҴӱƺÿģŶõ֣һǰһؽӡ

뿪޸࣬һֹţҲ̫ˣǼ˵Ĵǻõ
ϴʲôɿˣ

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ͷǱˣǸŹŮͬǻ磬ԷӴͣȻ⡣ҷǻƿžͲӴǣ㽿ƽǿ˴ǽȥҲǱŤúΪѡġ

Ůӹ֣ͼĲʱôźĻƲ˳ģǻ粻򣬸ӣҾúܲ
ƽ˳˼·һ룬ָо

ȥ˶ǲԩͷء
Ʒ˳Ѿ˺üΣȥ޸塭նǻؾˡ

ż޸ֲܣ˻࣬žû˼䡣
Ҫ˵ļܱȵԹò׸ӳ֣ЩССѹȥ

Žҡҡͷֿʼ˵˵ˣҽ´治ˡ
𣬺ӣǧܲҳҶ÷԰ˡ

Żձ˵ҿɶ÷԰һˡ
С֣ȻˣǾͶ䣬һȥ죬ǿ֪黭ô

ǿɶˡ
ȥ䡣

û֣˿ָǰͤ˽Ŵǳɼ֮£뵽꾩ѧףҪַˡ
׽һؾȥ˰֯˺ԺѧʿӰӵͤϲĴǡԵԾ

֪һʼĳ£ȫעõˣ֮ǰ˼޷ӣһһ칤ˮûȡ
޸һģһ֮ǰް참ۿˡ

ൣǲóԷÿͬƽ׼ЩɿСˣ׸ȥ

Ȼɶ񣬵Ҳǰ޵壬ĿǰȻԸϣ뾡ܣ԰޺һЩ
ദĹУ޾ͻˡ

һûʳﻹʣˣգֻʣ˿̡
˵һ

ջ˼ƹȺڵˣ·˴黭ӣֱȥˡ
⴦⣬нڣī󣬻ƽ»ۣŻ˺ãȥƹ

ʱһλٵƹЦŻ߳ڶ࣬ǰӷǷͼ๫֪ģ
ǡ

һԵĽƽЦʲôţλǰģǻʦˡ
˵Ȥһλ黭ɽˮͼңλ֪һ빺֪Ļʱȴ֪Ѿ룬ɣھ֪ķˡƹۺӣֹסЦ⡣

⻹ǵһμ֪ĻƷⰻȻֲʧȤա

Ҳ⣬ԼĻܵǵһ黭ƹĳޡ
ߣοͿĵһ£ʶ֮ˡ

⣬һ£ǴһЩ
ǣҷƽշæôЩ£Щ֪黭Ժηֳɣ

ˣǱ֪ĻԸˡ
ˣ͸һͺá

ǿɲɣֻҪ֪ԸķīͰֳɡƹ˵գû׼ԼǳǩüЭ顣
īƸĿڣڰѱõĻҵүŶ񷽲Ǹͼֵôһǧ

ǿɲͼǽаͼЦõص½ƵĶͷ
ûʲôҪˣʲôǲԵٻȥ

ѵûһɣɰﻹЩӣλСóЩõġ
ҽ֪ԼʶʵǼֵף¡

һǰųīƹ㽫ԼͼͽãݸƷ̫ӡ
̫ӷýīͽսĻƽͼһͼϵغ⡣

´ͼύʦ
˭룬ͼľǸСӣû¶棬ƹŪ˸Լ

ԼһɨּϤ

*

һ·䵽ǷϼŻصСլһ÷԰㿴ԺеʯϣŸˡ
ޡ

ֵСڻȣһʱ䣬û˸ǰ
ע⵽Ժˣüǰӭ£ŽƵʣСڰĹ䰡үһʱˡ

ƽˣŵû޴룬˭Сүء
˵үһֱæӣ⼸춼ûعס

ôһ˵֪ǵǲˣС˵ȥЩˮн񳿱õĵġ

ߵԣ˸ӡ
һ˿ڣױ֪үڶĻǷˡ

޽üģʣôȥôã
һ꾩䣬һʱۡʵش

һͲǸ˼ˡ
ƣԹأ

ˣͷ۵ӻʹһֱҪ๺¡
ӲͷƤظ;ʵ̲סˣͷСլ

׽ȥ޸ˣ

ʱŲˮĵĽƽˣүʵ£ĸһ
е״ƺûϢõӣô£

Сûȥɣȥ
žһƷʯϣհȥĲյŲ˲

һԵĽơɫٿذ¡
ΪβȥؾȥôǱͷʹĥʧȥԣҲѹƲסˡ

ҡ಻֪ôͣˣô
̫ܡ

ӣ治ܹӣҪ־͹ƽҵλӣǲӣӲû˽޸ġļڿ죬һ
һԵĽ֪˵˻æȣүǽ˵ˣϲԣ˵ףǽ޸ӭ͵ĻῴӣϽӴûܽȥ

գŤͷףǰкôôִ¡
üͷһѹЩԩջ꾩һ¾ȥ޸һӣϺõĳУ͵ȥѡʽ˭֪ſڲ۵ĻƸˡ

⡭ƹѾѾߣʲôᡣ
ӣⲻ˵£Ҽǻ̬ˣͲȥˡ

üͷһԭˣֲôӷţǸͷͲʹ
ĬƬ̣һߣھȥǽ޸壬ҵҪ˭㣬㲻ýȥġ





33.  033   

ҹ, ˮϻʻһ
׼޸Žգﷺֹү뷨ǺõģҲ̫˰, ʱӶ, ѲɻҪ˼¿ô

·ھӵܵ, ţү͵, ӲȨѹˡ
ͣ£ÿ׷Ը, ǣ鰸

鰸үҪӰ
һɻ, ǡ

ߵƬ, 㲼ƥĻ, һ, һʮı׳, ʱˡ
ƹٳ, ²鰸

Ƭ̣ƹżæŴӺø, ſһλŰϹٷͦ, 忡, Էڳ¿ʽһǽפ㣬ƹػˡ
ƽճͬȨļҾǴ򽻵ȻλŰϹٷĴڳǺεȵλȨء

ƹȥݼ, Ҿǽ޸ƹ񣬲֪ǽ޸ʲô£ô顭
ɨԷƹԭô֪ô

ܵԷ˵ƣԾ˵˻æ֣ǣ˼ɣвܰϵģȻľ
ǰҶ̵ȹˮĶ棬ָӯ˿ϵƽ

ָⲻɵһ͡
Ǵһ˺ѵĴ졣

ɫһЩӿɶл
ˣɲ˵ĩĳǾйµæвٶˣҪ֪棬ǲȥһ¡

ǵء޴ӻĿ⣬Ťͷƹ֯濴ϸʵп϶ҲͷһЩ֮ͽҩŻˡ

ʶǲ˶ЩƥΪ˲顣  

䣬ͳľƵݸƹ񣬡ǰʱΪԤµĲƥƹó鿴һ¡
һˣǾйȦʲôô鰸

ĬȥڷųĲƥǹһȦƲŴӺԺԤĲƥõǰһƥһƥϸϸЩֺ̣޲˼ƥۻزѡʮƥ

еļѹȥЩʱŶƹƹܷīҪЩƥƳɳ¡
ƹԣҲҵȡīֽ⡣

˼Ƭ̣ߴд¡
ƹӹֽһƣߴӦǸ˽СŮҡ

ߴȥʽ뻨ʽò÷ϡ̧ףŶǽϵѵһŵĿʽÿһֶҪУɳº󣬱ٺúòЩʽĶܡ
ǡ

ڹڡ
ģǴ°참һͿʼϹڱضɴ˵衣

ƽʱǰ£ӼĶٶȡ
ˣʵʵԼ˼أϾﻹ˶ǸŹŮļﲻ

վһԵȻԼүһѹե֪ƹ񣬵Щͬƹˡ

ģȴһ¡
գҪն˯žô

üͷһѹ̫Ѩֿʼͻͻۡ

һüҪȴŵùǺҧҧ룬ò÷Ӱӵ㣬Ҳꡣ
һ䲻ʣ޸Ҳǰϵ˰ɡ

ǣ汲⡣
ţҲȥõϵϵҪֻҪڣ˳ʲôءӵɾͲ˵ˡ

ƹգð˲麮߶µգˣվɣҹò÷쿪
ģƷΣҪģҪƽոõƷʣǴ졣

ϵ꣬Ʒʱ֤˲صġ
ջ᲻̫ЩԴɡ

ղͣרΪ˸ơ
޴һЦԭƹһʼѱٵ·ء

գ麹ֹ½ʪһƬ񣬷һʱͿˡ
һԲЦôϻģƹԼȫˣ

ǰͬˣأ
ֻϧ͹ү

ٰ£ðճԿʼӼѣٻḶ˫۸ڲƥʲôģͬ弴ɡ
ƹһϲЦտ޸ļӼһģ˫ļ۸ԼϵĶҪ׬

ִ֮ԼĪʱ·Ը󣬲׼ȥ
ͷ״˸հۻڣʣƽҵλС

ǣλһˣ壬ѡ˼ʽ¡ƹ֪޲ԣƽҵ׾ǳͣÿƹͬ

ǽźؼӵĻƿɻ
ڵģµĻƣһֱʳ޶С

Ǿͺãףȥ˻ȥʻ
СǷʲô¡ƹû뵽˾ǰͻȻˡ

ûʲô£ȥʹ֪ɫٶԣ󲽿޸

Сլ÷԰
޺Щ˯һȥϴ˯һǿžڵޡ

޶һŭ󣬱Ҫȥ޸ŵģװԶҡҡͷ
ֻԸ

Щ㲻ˡ
һ֮Լʱ컹Լ˵ҲǷ㶼ؾڹȥҴӲȥ

ǰˣҲͰµʱ䣬ȴᣬŵԸ⾡޵¡
º͵̬ȣʵͬյ޴ྶͥǰ޸ĸо

м䡭׷ʲô仯ˣ

ͻȻ˯ˣۣе߼ϵʱߵߵţϲãӣ˯𣿡
ûЬȥţһڴľ䡣

˰˽  
ʲô

Ӵƾ֪ˡһϲɫ
ƿʰһĽ£С

ʰһʰһ߸࿴ⶼ֮ǰûʽûȥ壬ѿɻʣ

óһɫȹŰɫǾ¡

һ˲̧ʣӿл

ĩҹֵģиͣ
鷿̫Ѩ

֪˴ô͹ȥˣͷʹ̫á
ȻѾҿһٰܡ

Ǹûµļһʲô
Ǽһﵹǹÿˣ԰ݡȫͬңӡ

ǣͷʰһв˵ƽͷļ
ˡߵߵš

үˡ
޷ԥҪҪȥһˣ˾Լˣ

մ׵ʳлݣڵƹ谵üͷǳʳзԲϡ
׼鰸ǰޣ

Ŀƣյһæߡ
ѿɻ⣿޼һ˲䣬Ժеˡ

·ӳѡģʱʱһؾţӦû᲻  
ȻԼ׺̫ˡ

⣬ôѣҲաںõ룬ؿӰ참Ͷ٣ҹ̫ˣֻЩ򵥵Сˡ
Ϊβգüͷһѹ

̫ʵڴЩ̫󡭡
ܹˣģǶõƽоرټ׳һѣ˵ҲҪ

Խ˵ԽС˾䣺𣿡
ǽ飬ֻ˵ʲôо

Ҫǰ͵ģٶҲЦ¡
ɶԷ

˵ȫǰޣҲû˵Ϲǡ

üɫȾ˵ˣò÷찴ĳߴָĵģʹţˣˡ
ҧҧ˿ڱߵĻ

ԥһ˲Էʲôˡ
ǣǰ˷ֵ

˭˵ԼٽǰǾ仰ˡ
շ˵ĥˡ

һ˵£ҪԼϾأ
ҵκԼò֮ǰԼȥС

żĲ㣬ͷʹˣĶˡ
ߵԣϰСĲˡ

һƳγεĺ࣬ʽˬСˣһը಻̫õĻƻ㡣
㣬εһˣûըãӴպų԰ɡ

Ժкðͷ
ǵǰ

Ӧ˵ԣ뿪ϪʱѧԼˡ
أһЦǲᣬ̫ѧˡ

˵࡭£һԡ
ˮܳ㣬ѿڶ

Ǿ䡰ࡱӦ죬Ľгˡ
üҲû̫Ӧ

ˣΣ
޻ޡ

Զ䲻ϪǸֻϱɵСӡ
һӣҨů࣬С

*

̫̣ûֽ԰ɫʱլһѼƣһĴ꣬лˡ
ĵͷһգ꾩ˮͣȾĿжŷùζ

ɫŴϵεδ꣬˿ûע⵽ڳֵˡ
Ӧʪվϵεδµˮգڵ̺䦿һƬ

վһʱˣ⵽ţΧƣڸʽİ裬ӦΪ⡣
ⶼСүʹ͵

ѵСүѾˣ
Ӧظϻ󣬲ûԹǵһʱСլ

Ƭ̺Ӧǿڻ㡣
౻ŵüͷʱüĿ续Ц⡣

СӦˡ

Ц̫ģӦЩ˼رͷȥ棬һֱ꾩

µˡȥشȡɽô컹ʪˣ䲻䣿
ӦҡҡͷЩͶûôˣլھ

Ŷ֪һֱ˿š
˺ܶ࣬ǲûúóԷ

ӦһЦ·ϣûʲôܳԷĵطĬĬֵ㣬ˡ
˵ôֱˣĻҲϱģҡЩʱ̲ס͵ڣ˺ܶ𣿡

˵ţͷԼûʲô仯ǵġ
ӦЦţֽ̧ͷЦ֮֮ǰ̫ݣڲá

뿪꾩ʱǡȾ˺Դǵúݵĸ֦Ƶģϲ԰㲡
ɫй

ӦӻȡһСƤֽݸ
һƣһľһЩӡ

㣬лһӣ˵׷˾·ѣ˵ϪʱǵȥݵھҪæģÿһҪȥ
ӦлｻĻһ䲻©ĸۿ

ˣƼˮ꣬ȴôࡣ
޴ߣǶöﵣãӦԸ

ҡͬһлáӦ峺ӣȫȻûǰ㱯ˡ
Ȼʣ㣬ǲүѾˣ

ҡҡͷǻĪŵģȻ¡
ûУҾáӦ

û˵ĺ꾡Ͼָоֻе˲
޴ûϹʱڿΡ

ǰʱ䣬æڴװβˣ÷԰ȴҲʱʱڼΪ޴ݡ
˱˶İõˡ

İﲻֻܸһ͵¡
ֻ޵Ҫ£˫ݡ

ûΪʲôһݵģ˳ֵ¡

ǲСլĶԶ˺󣬳÷԰סλӵǸʲôˡ
ˣ°ֶûڡ

ѡ˽СլΨһĺ׼ϡ
Щ£»ûͻܸɣҲ·ϵ¡

ˣƽҲù¼÷԰ӦӸ棬Ȣŵ¸ֹ÷԰
լķ£ࡣ

үˣõģˣȲˣҪعӦ޽ûע⣬ûŨŨ֮С

ͬһʱ̣ĵµƫڡ
ʵۿ޳ϵۣӵһߣյһڡ

һ֮õĴװ˸˽ᡣ
ۣѧӵ飬ʵϳʹ£ѧһ

ǰⳡƾװûͤԲúƽϢԽԽңߣΪֻͤȨ򣬱ʷֶ̫ӡ
ʵݶԻʺӡ乬˼

ְ永Աһʮˣˣʮˡ
ˣԲƽϢ֮ŭ

󲻾ãǣͷ֯Ծȡʮǿ߳ɼ
󣬺Ժѧʿ̫֮ʦ½ֵͬĴԣȡ˽λλǿߵĳɼ

ֱյ飬һвƽϢ

ѹͷ̬ڵõƽϢʵɫӣ˼ˣ࣬ϵ˿ɻʹ

ر£кҩ޴󰭡
൹ҲʳģÿձŻ̲Ҫ˵žˣסʼѪˡ

ǣ㣬Ǳտ׳ʵЩˣԹĳӲ

ףǣ׺ĸ׶ܼǹҳ

Ǿͺã⼸æ꣬Ͷǣκ˵İֿʼˣַǷҲҪ֮ܶǰլȥߣҪȻܵܣҪˡ

ǣ֪ˡ
üͷһû뵽ĸ׵Ᾱְ֪һ¶Уǽ¡

ͶʮģҲСˣپӸλʱȢӡ


ʵۿ·ûٽ¡
޲µĲϹ򸾵ȷʥ²˭ҸŹŮȴһŻް

µˡ

ˣµԹȥ̸֮˳ƽϢﻹһ£Ҫȥ졣
߾ȫ

ʵ۴һޣҪȥһˣ޵Ǯջ

ȺѾõ׼Լү߳æӭϣүӦؾˣڸϵ
֪ˡ׶ԳԹ

ȥȥСլ
ү½˵ǸݷãϹү˵ػظš

ʱ磬ȥСլ
üû뵽һգҪȰȥ˵ʱ

ȥ÷԰ʱ껹ûδݣŵһī㡣
֪ǰӿʼīۻҲδţֻÿȥĻһһЩɽˮûʲôرġ

ӡɨվˣҪëʣľǡ
ǡô˵ˣҲûͣһֱˮīɽˮ꣬ŷ±ʡ

ʱ⵽Ϊī
õʲôīʯ׸ɺ塣

൭һЦīʯвīˮͬīˮҪʣˮȡģ˿µĴʤˮˡ
Щ㶼Ӻ֪Ѱգͨ¡

֪ռȫޣĹϵֱʳڣҲ޲ס
ǲˣֻҪëʣûģȻͻˡ

ĬĬ൱ٷĿǵ࣬һذҪһԶţҪһλŮͬԸ⣿

£ףôôºͣԭTWҪȥ

ȥҪȥô
ۿ»˵ͷüСصá






34.  034   

Թ, Ժ
½ͬԹ̸

˴κ̫ʦ˴ԣν˫, ɵλû, Ҳû޵˼, ֮λˡ
½ף治ɫø֪, ʵʱյݵĵձְ, ӹһְ

ϲüңκֽ, ԸȥóٶӼˡ
ȥƽѰϷصľҲȡ, ҹɵúúףһүۺ, üɫϲ

½֪λȰ, ûԡ
Ҫؾ٣ɴ㸸ĸͬסκھûʲô, бһǨ, ڵҲһЩ

ʱû㣬˴ʵͻȻ, ⻹ûôԶ
һĸѸ, סֵ꾩, ػشλػ볯Ұ֮, ·粨øĸǡ

լأ֮ǰ½լ˵ۣϲҾȥʡ
үκЩԥ廰ʲôֱ±ǣȨǸĴ񡣡

ԶԣүĶԣĸģˡκǳǳһЦ
½̫½լסϾͬӱĵط˼ˡ

øĸ̫ˣһˣҪ̫լӣڡ

ôУƷԱϾӡԹ˵ţ޴󲽽ˮסĸף֡
òŻֽˣԹųüͷһ

ϲȥֵģÿμˣ׼ûʲô¡
˵ҪԽţ׷ƽ͸˼ֱӸָɵرˡ

ǣ´š޲δֻ˸кԼԺﻻʱ˻լӵ£һˣס֮ǰðһĽլԺĽ󣬾»֣ϳҲ㡣
⴦ʮʱð˽լʱЩ棬Թһϰ䣬ȥ˽լסȥ˱߹أ⴦լӱˣδķϡƽκϻǲ˴ɨ

½ͦ⣬ܲסĻǱֿɾͲˣվȥ
Թסǣȥ˸լ¾͸һ֣æǣϲסҲУ

βһѹ빬̫Զұֵɣͬסһϡ
Ͳܶססûָˣĸ׽ֲٰᣬձһȥ¶¶档

½֪꾩Ȩʲô˼ЦЦһۡ
ʥϽմٶӣҪȥ죬ӵóһԺţȥݣǻ¡

£Թ򸾾ºʢģ˭򣬵˾һĸŹŮѾס

κʵΪѾ˴㣬ҪôƽҵشӣŵڻòǾһһЩԴ근ţҲпɣһλǺԺѧʿԶĵŮ֮黭ͨǰռǣС⣬˳Ҳܺ

Ҫȥ£κϳ̾૵ϧţĲݳְ״ˡ
ĸײؿϧĳ꾩ãñֶȥҲǲġ

Թ򸾺ȻˢˢĿһԵ½ȼϣ
ô¸ˣɥż꣬ȷǲμĺѡ䲻ǾˣԹں˭ܵͿοڻƷɡ

½ȻʢĹֻ¡
Ժʱҹ½õ򸾿ģȻ˲١

ĵظ޴һСԹţ˼Ϻ꣬һ羹Ҹʲôᡭôȥ࿴ЩŹŮ߻Ƶġ

޲գֻһЦֺȶˡ
ĬĬһԣ½˺ڿүıˡ

ûŵ˭ܻ֪ô
½СװһκͿ

֪ںδ
½ǰʱһࡣòʹϹүڲδŻʦһԺſͣҲȫӡ½ŵģ޴ˡ

޵Ƥͻͻ
ʵıɩ˼֪޴½һ·ߣ˲һϵǰ

˵öԣѾ׼ǰˡ
ˣǱãյȥú࿴ǣǿɶĸΪ㾫ѡĸŹŮǽҶ

Ż½һûס죬ſľһ໺θʹ
һԵףͷһξãүսɱϣ鳡ϣҲɱ˲š

*

³ţյζ˳ͷֱɹñ֮ϡ
վǳеӣֻ֪Զţȴ֪ȥδҪøʲôݡ

գ÷԰ţ֮ǰܵĻȥīȥ䣬û뵽ˡ
ʱ䣬޵̬ıࡣ

ճֻȥһֱظûæʰĽƽͬ

չս֣·߲̯ڽ֮£һನδ
·ʱ߹䣬ʶ˵˾ڳޡ

λεĴңȴǸܳԿĺӣ귽ˣŵͣ㱻ʥȥפأս߾ĽԪҫƣδսܣνǰʤ龩;﷥ı泼ӻϳʹףǷǣ˽

಻֪ͣ½Ųûƽ¼ְֻ֪ڴ䣬ƽչæҪసӣСլҹʱֻ飬ûһŵġ

֪ڹ񣬲룬ĺá
ͻȻʶ˵ĲϪ£ҲܻصǸ򵥵һĶֵصʱˡ

ǸˣƺӦͬڲΡ

˵פãӢսٲ࣬ڳϾɶϰֱɢ˳¿ӣŻīȥ
īĻϳˣæϺƹƹ񿴵ŸϻһЩЦ´ǴĻ࣬ǰ֪һСȥȡǡ

ƹˣʱҪһԶţŰЩģ£ϴμ۵ͼȥ
ȥ֪ĻĵһվͱһλмˣҼ۸񻹲ͣԷ˵ˣֻҪ֪Ʒա˵ţƹûȡ¼ֽ뵽ãˮϸ̸

Ƿߵͼ˶ĸ߼ۣȫϡ
һ¨Ļʮⶼͬ˷ܲѡ

ǹǱȨ󣬳¡

ı۸ŵˣֱסӣ̤ʵ
ƹֽһһ

֪ɽˮȻӣˣʾīǼеļ
ƹΪЩ˼ˣЩɽˮϪΧɽͼ֮ͬǰ黭̵ģ޶

֮󣬰ճ棬ƹûվݵݸࡣ

ʱһںһ죬ˡһ漴һʮĻƿ첽ܳƹơƹ񣬷յǷƴʦɽˮͼСĲСȾīˡ
ƹɫһرʣ˵ķµģ

ƴף۽ǵžž䣬ǡ
㡭ҪôǷɽˮǸҸһӹ㡭ƹĿڣ۳žҪһԵĻƸϽãɻƹ񣿡

Żīǻ˴ʹޣڿ˵ҪŮծƹҲûõĶȥض㣬ֻǻѾȥˣҪʧôһӡ
Ų⶯֮ģԻƵܷҿǷ˵ɽˮ

ƹͣ£Ťͷ࣬ӣҲô
ҡԶһǸŷѧģƹҪȻҿǻвȵİ취

ƹ¶ϲɫԻƵȥϽӴȥ
ȥƫңսȥһɵϢĪϤ

ǰ鰸ϵǷɽˮȷ˲Сһ飬൱ۣɵ΢ü
ӡ⣬ܲ𣿡

ƹͼǮ
İȥġ

£һʮµЩôҲܹİ٣ʵڲУ޽һЩΣԼҹŮծ
ɣһ£ܸĺôͼǾͼƹİͼĲãİһ취Ƹ

ӣô˼ȥԼ̫ƹüһѹǻơ
Щ֮һŻҪɢǲŽ޷ܣҼѾƹԸ⣬ҾָĻˡ

ƹԥϢͷãһԡ
Ƽ״æҾī˸ɺ֮ƣĬĬֽϴݣڣרעڻ֮ϡ

İǿĹŮΪͶ룬ȫû⵽ǿ裰̴󣬻߳һˡ
ʱֱҪͬƹ˵ѾĺʱŷַŽգƹѲƫ֮С

̫רעȫû⵽ʲôʱ뿪ġ

֪Ÿͼ֮Ǻ鶯Ļʵ
䲻һ䣬ŵʶӿеëʣ˵ʱʱ죬Էһëʽ˹ȥýī㣬һβ©˦ڶԷ֮ϡ

һñؿԷ

Էһݱ˿Ҷۣīڣ޷ݳڡ
֪ΪΣһƳྐྵöԷĪ죬ּǲĶ

̫Ŀ͵ؿ࣬ˣһЦǸ³çŵ֪ڣĻδƻ
ĿȥһīɽˮͼѾȫ˸뻭

ҡ౾˵ǣԷɫƶȻظոոĻʱһֱԱ߹ĦǸмңɽˮбʣǱԷ۾
ֻ˹ͻȻҲˣͬͬһ֮£ȫǾΪίʵɶ

ţ¶ɫŤУٴαǸӦõģĽѾãһֱͬԻѣīͼʵ֮١
ףӹֱǣ

ĽҲòŮ֮ҼѳףҪӲǣҹī֮٣ƵĻҪŮծʵڲǾΪûȤͬ˽˽ύ
Ͼݻ˵ƫֽεεģŭ⣬ȥҲж

̫ˣ֪ð࣬ٴεǸѵǣ³çΪǸ⣬Ը⽫ĺɽˮͼǧ£ǻŮծ
ǻƣʵڹʱݵģȴһŮծͣ˷֮⡣

ӼͥȻ֪伲֪࣬ڽһǧͨһĪĿǮѹˣҸе
̫һ˲û뵽̬ʧˡ

˵Ĳ׽ʳĲˣ䲻֪伲࣬²ͬǬԪʮ꣬ʳǷգ꾩һһʮģȥģǰģǰģͬһ꣬һĿǰһģȥģǰһģǰġֹۣ֪͡μ۸Ҳܽ

е㷢ɣԷҧĽֵڲǾ䲻֪伲ࡣ
ˣջǾ˰ɡ

ǲˣī֮£̫ӰͰ͵شŶԷٳʲôֵһǸ
͹࣬һϷǣôǷǡ

Իѣύˡ

û뵽ǰλҹӻǫѷתһ룬ԷֺȷнڣҲֺˣȷĽ
ԻͣߵſڽŴ򿪣ŤͷȷҪ

ǡ
İ͹ˣҲȳģ֪伲࣬ʣµȥʩࡣ

˵ţһ÷ɴ۲ת촽üԷС
ŮȥʱĵŲֱӱ̫š

ԭãڹٴҴҽʱŻع
֪סĶôѹʡ

ӣаţڹ˼УԷ˵áȫ꾩ڣֻǼҵİ˱ˡҪСǲȥԹտ
뵽ŵĸ٣ɫһ

أԹκԺмŮ⣬ûˡݣ¸ĻǲԸʵʾˣҲǿֻԸԻѡ


ˣȥպϵǷɽˮٽ֪Ļߡ
̫˵գ뿪

СլԺ
ľڣߵغ㡣

Գȥֵصغڰб
ī󣬱˸٣غ㽫һһʮĸ֪ޡ

ɫһѹʣȷǶˣ
ǣ֮ǰͬ˽֣ǰ̳ˡ

һںԺʱ̫Ӿڳʱͻɹ̫ӵˡ
ֻһУĵ׵Ļɽȥ

ٴοʵǶŵˡ
ˣĿľɱ

Ͼϴ̣̫֡
ɲǴɱֻʲôأ

޲ɵ뵽ǰӦ㱨Ϣ
ӦڵĴѰ϶ʧŮ˼ңſϣûһҷϵġ

ɲ

غɫް㽫Լǽү¿ƺ֪ӵݣŰβ棬²֪īˡ
Ƕˣֺαؽаء

ĬȻλ£հǰ˺ɱģзҲδ֪

غǣԴĵү֮С𣿡
֪ү˴μƻҪװգʹݣϲʧ

Ϊβαװĸ֣Ǳʺ֡޵ȻһЦߵţݺƵӣ׼ˡ
غ֪λˡ

밵Լүȥţߣȥ÷԰һù






35.  035   

³ʮ, ԶС
ûȥˣްŵһгӣȥСլѾߡ

Ѷڵ, ξͬͬһ
ӡ˾, Ŀ, ĬĬԶλá

ƽչԹĴʵС, ֻޣռԾִ
Ƴһۣ, ͬ㽲Щ¡

ŲȥЩҲֻԡ
֪Ϊ, ˵, ټ, ܾЩŤ

ҡҡλ, ʻȥ޼СĽ, ü
֮, Ƕϲеġ

û֮ҪһŮеԭΪ, ֻȳ󣬲׿ڸ

, Щ


Բ, ŵؿԼЦЦס, ֱӰק
ӣ

޴룬Ȼ糺죬ϢǶԷϴĵ㣬Щѣ
˿ǴӦͬҳҪúһϷݰΣɶָ֮䲻ϡ

ָۣѡ
ԼҲûʶ§˵ĶһǳɣȻ񻰡

§Ƶġ

౻Ϥĸоһ㶣̧ۿޡ
üºͣЦſԼ

Ϊ˴еϤǶԷ۵׵ᣬۡ

ʲô
ܵƣ˳͸ĹڲеĽֺŵȫ

ֱ֮˽ᣬɵҺʩʩ֮಻ٳƺΪӣסˣ
βʱͻȻһΣĴƮƮ̵Ķϡ

һ㣬ϣһ졣
͡һ̲סǳЦ

˵ⷬװģţֻǾãŮʱЩɰ
ͬһʱҲнô

Ӧ޾Ͳޣһֱáҡۡ
ʵҲûд

Ǳһˣֻȱʧһѡ
Ҳʵ

ͻȻ£ɵСҪѪֲ
ֻ֣˿

ţɬҿʼɣҳ֮£Ѳɶƭ˵ģ޴żϷʣ⼤
ȻжԶ˳֮£ʵûаֻɡ

ҧŴ粵ˣ֪ǲˣɣֺαҡ
޾µӴ˿̱ýֱٱȥʵ䷴ɿŲһԣˣ˴֮ǰãһ̵ݡ

ӻȡݸࡣ
ʧ˴ļ䣬׵ĺڻ֮Ϫ壬ҲûҪЩ

ûٷĽӹһ
ķӦһ˿©С

֪ûл֮ǰӦȥʱ֪ˣһֱΪˡ
ֲ̫װġ

һԵ಻֪룬⻧ʵһűƽʱֽԵͼڣļ¼˼мˣϢ

ԿȻλܴˣǸ檳Ⱥļ
ûпʩʩ֡

ɻдϣ޵ͣںԺңȻûһ£Ļ
޼ֽͣ˾䣺ţԼպñǡ

޴ݣ˹渵ǺԺһһĻʦҳ谮ʶϡ˴ǮȥΪҸŨ⣬罺ᡣ

ȡһ᱾ӣݹȥݸ̣Ӫ⣬ϱƵȥǿµ⣬źҵӣ⼸ն࿴Ͻܣպõϡ

޼ɫ࣬ٴһ㣬ɵЦʣôˣǺڴӦͬˣ

Ϊθϴβ࣬θʦݣҪ檣Ĺϵܶˡ
ҵ겻ӽ¡ᵢ참

˵ţ𣬲᲻صģе
Ŀ⣬˵ˣҪӡ

ޣ̫ˡ
мܲס

ද˶˾䣬ˡ
ڻĸôˣЦȴ֪سڵµƿظС

˵Ϊʲôʱ䣬ÿÿһС⣬΢һֱǣ⽫ͬеİްλˣ޷ƵҪ۸ǿʶ޲
֪һ֡

ɣõڰǷС⡣
޳ϣԼҲ˶еӸƿ

֮ͬĲġ

ү뵽ӾôеģС˾䣬ţġ
ôô

Ĵ򿪻ָүʮһʩʩ͡
޼Уڸ湻ˡ

üɫһѹػԸү
Ķ뵽ĥˣŴͷȥ

ȴŹǲԸ⣬ҪУΰöǹٳ֣㣬ܿ¶ڶ
֪ʥΪ顭

಻

޼򵥽齲ǰ꣬ɺʳǷգ񲻼أʴˣǮȥĿҲࡣ
֪ʤΪ͢ԴĽ顪࣬֯ݸظ̣ȼðգߣΪԼıһڹӼѧĻᡣ

ˣתһ룬ⷨŲǽƸӸתƵȷܽ⡣
ǣҲܽ˻ƴһ̼Ļᡣ

޼תͷЦЦ˼꣬ÿЩϾ

ʥϰмȥʵ飬쳣ֱǰλ̽мС
ΨһĹȥ궼ȥݰù

λ֪̽ݳ£
ϲȫɺϣݾķˮǵúѧӲ죬ټǰʱյĴףཫٴڷ˼֮ϡ

ˣҪкιϵ
תָİָݣ檲ѰôѲҪҴ˸ź򣿡

Ҳ˼
ڷǰҪԳ֪ô

û檣Ҳ檡
ԣĿһѩ׵ľӣСʲôƵģڣС˾䣬ȻϷ檡Ըһԡ

Ǿ檣˵ļΪŤ
ͬˣƢЩ˽⡣

ڱ˴˲ϣصӲָı˰ڲ׸ˡ

㿴ǹϾܾ˸ӣӦȱ̬ȣֽӦ¡
ν

֮ͬһЩ飬һһ£ŲӣԺ˯ˡ

˳ǹأһ·ʱɫűῴš
ү飬۾᰾ġද˶ӲĲӣŷ̺

̧ۣ˯ۣī࣬˵˳
ż˯̫ûýƽţǰ治ԶǴҪͼ֡˵˵ţʶǵĲԾˡ

ͣÿĿԶȥٳԾͳɡ
״̬˶١

ȻϲִŮӡ

*

λƫԶԪʮճ̣һ·ȥҪһ¡
;꾩ϽΪ·̣תˮ·

ǰ˵ݣǳ£ֱһ㴬ˡлﶼȥ
֪Ҫתˮ·ʱǰɵطڣΪδⲻԼµҴ󴬣۳ɫ԰ףʳʣɿڽ飬֪ൽ׶ʲô־壬֪㴬ҲɫЩת

;òһΣû
һ뵽ޱˮ˷ˮʧ䡣

еʹʼġ

㴬ںʻƽȣͬ½죬½Ҫһµĳֱ̣ʮա
ٽ뾣ݽһ²̫ûôùţϴϢϨ˵ѣſϣ˽ˡ

ƣҴԼˣ൹ģҲδ鿴
ʱģоһиˡ

ϵĸO@󼹷͵ط˹ȥ
ȻһƲԷûֻѹΪ˯ˡ

ү⼸Ѿ˳ˣѸӹϣǰǸӰôˡ
վҪݾڣʱһб㲻˿Ϸͬʳͬ˯

ͬʳͬ˯
ͷƤһ

޲Ϣ˿鲻Ը˿ַ̣ǳǵĽ밢һΪ
ֻһװװӣض롣䣬żֺ⣬ŵƽȥЩ

˵գأԲ¡

Ҫ˯棬֪ЩűǸɵһʱϴƽȵĺ֪˯ˡ
ӣ棬Сشϵζ

һʱ䣬˯ȫޣƽ

ɫ͸Ŵбڣճ˾׳ӣ޴һϮݱ£˫ֱۣ΢΢
룬ǽıӣߡ

֮ǰҹһ̧شϡ
峺͸۵ףȾһҹ䡣

ޣСĿѿڵһ˲ҪɢڿƵġ

û˯֪඼ʲô
ֻǾ䡰ޡĿڲɿƵĳ鶯

ԴӸԼѾܾûļˡ
üȻĿڣĤšˡĿ졣

ѹԺ궯ǿԼ硣

һݵΡ
ۣԼһƬѪ֮УΧѩضǰããһƬ

ͷϣһشص÷̺쿪
ϵ˿ڣͬ÷һƬһѪɫıǰ

׿ϰ֧ŵļʶԼ˺صˣӦû
ġ

δδס
Ĳġ

ʶ˲ƣ빲󽫾ܷɣͬԪӦڼ顣
һ͡

ܷҲûкûһҲһ׷ƽֱֱԷĿڡ
޼ǵãܷɵɴ۾Լ

ܷվǰ棬ʤˡ
֮󣬱Ԫ׷ɱһ·֮УѩˮӲݣڡ

Ҫˡ
޶ԴˣвʣҲ̸ʲôо

ģ͸ˡ

ôôصˣ˵𣿲Ҫ˯
һۣоڳԼͶ˵ۡ

ߵݺƵģּֽ
ۣдʶԼˡ

ʱһֵŮ
Ÿ߸ߵβϴãСļһ۱

׹Ƥе㷢죬һԲ

ͻȻӵؿš
һûƣԼ.ǸʽĲŮġ

ܲ㣬ѹ˿ˡ
СյѾĹ

ĿڸĻŮѹٴʹĻ˹ȥ

ҹɫ΢ڴǰŽµĽˮþδ
ǸΣ֪١

ǸŮӣĵȷȷࡣ
ڸһЩҲһЩ

ЩҪͨΣһΪҪ¡
ʱɱģǽԪˡ

żб߾Ħսҳ㷹ŴδܽԪԪҲڶӵðɳʿɱ
Ͼһ¶ܻܿս

Уһ©ʲô
ԪΪλ֮ǣ

һɫ
໺۾ѾˣԵЩ壬·ҹûһ㡣

ƽĶüۺЦĶˮΪɫƣأЦ
֪Сүҹһ磬ųݡ

ӿЩɣү˵һЩѣȥЩţǰܵˡ

ڴδѴɨֵòһƽԶ꣬кˮȷǸֲ֮ء
ǰִɿڣҵĴͷ˵Ŀ⡣

׼´ͷ΢΢ľ壬֫һڻʱͷ֮ϡ
ںĽƽæͷһ治ɫףҲɵͷ𿪡

ʩʩġüۺЦʮ˵ӵζࡣ
⵽ΧעӵĿ⣬ȻȻĽ˹ȥ˾䣬ү

֮ԻΪʤ
´ǰ޴ߵ˾䣬ܻ֮࣬ǰĻǼٵġ

ʲô˼
Ȼſֽŵݣ㵽ס

һĿûײ֪ǳ۷֮ˡ
һԶȥӰײɵʪ˫ۡ

үڿ˰

һΪߵʮƺƵ·ϣǲʹȫõĿջ󣬱ֱӱȥˡ
ƿջ˵ãͬ꾩һȣԶԽƿջã۲ۣӲǱӵƹļòڣ»Σ֪һһĸ̣æк

үǴסţ
޲.һڵݿʣжټ䷿ʮˣ֪ܲס¡

ƹһ˸ͣæүʱ̿ͲǺܶ࣬ջаʮ䷿㹻סġ
ǾȰ£Ҳϲڡ˵ţվһԵ࣬ϵһ᲻صһѡ

ըëè۾˲Բ
ϧñʼٸ߲û

ŶˣûʹʩʩϲϲϾ꾩ˣֻ⴦һˡ
δ䣬ƹۿɼٶȰʶҭ˲ı¾ġ

⡣һ˰벽ȴ޹ĸ
ʩʩ󡣡ǳǳһЦ󵽣ǾʱɣܼңȥͬƹǮ

˵ţ§ļͷȴһУϥǵү̫Ūϥ߯ʹϲ¥ˡ
һ㶣ͨѪ

һϢ߯
ţүһѽ˺ᱧ

ȵ㣬С޸ףĶߣ
үҪģϾͲСˣҪЦŻͷ΢ĺϣЩ

ΪŸϳɣ⼸˺Ͽȷ֮ǰ첻١
ûٶԣ˽Сˣ󲽽˷

ǡүͷ˵ĸð
ʱƹǮͬġ

ǣүСǧ˳Ȼ۵Ľ
ƹСˣ̶˷ŴñλǸʲôݣҲǣһ㸻̳Уд޳ģǴͨ

ţ¥ߣƹĿȥⲻǸղŵүô̧ϵŰ볨½󣬲ΪԵŸӡӡ
ƹĿ⣬λүЦ߹ʣƹģ֪ļ






36.  036   

״δ, һүŹһι
Ԫ߾ԶвٻóĽԪֵĹһ顣

үһ·󷽽֮Уǳǳ, ɴ֮, ǰ, ɵĹĹø첲ͱͱһɫغ, ֣û뵽ܸүɡ

غһۣûҪҪ˼
ſڵĻƼλʲ, ߺһ䣺͹

һʱ䣬վľ̸Ůˢˢſ, ͦο, , ò, رϽµλӣòЩ, ֵܡ
һ˷Ĺ, һɫ㣬ڵƺ, ۡ
һ۱øʶĹ£ͬһӵǰ

λү, , żź򣿡  
û˼ҪҼƻ¹ҹ

ʱǰʹүغ㵭ҸЩż, Щүϲ֡

Ȼ˵غǸмҡ  
һ˸ˬĴæ˼ˣź

ʣź򣬽ҹͻطˡ
ӭԺ̿ͣκνǵⲻ

ƽǻǮĶͣ˹ˣ취ء
æүڵڵģ͸ȥź򡭡

˱ݺݺӵ¥µҹ䣬Ϊ޶ˣഩɴĨȹҡƾ
ӭԺͷżڲøңƾߣҲǴŽԪƵ

غǶԶ̿ͣǻϲһСһͬġ
ܿ죬ʶô⼸ЩǶտڲ̸

꾩ڣ֮أ׳ҪϢ
ȴ룬ĵһձ˱ڡ

⣬ҪԸغʱⷿߵ߽ŮӣΪ׵ɴ۹ˣֵ컨
һϮɴ֬Ƶ۷֣ͯ׿ţһӿʿˮ

֮⣬൱̸ֻһж￴
ʱˣλĸ̣£һϻòڣԴһԵš

ǹӾ˵ʵûĸŮǲģܱͶֶŵ˺̫ࡣ
̫һʱûֳ˭ӡ

ʱˣ޶ﹴ˹֣ƣΪĻ޵ľӣĽһү

һһ˲ͱ˳ȥײϣίʵᡣ
δźͣ㿡ʵĶͣǵһμպҪжԼӣ⶯˷ġ

һƣʮᷳ
ˣҹɣ˲õĻܻᱻʱ˸ɼ

үǲϲūôۿ󣬹ˮ˼˶ϧ
ģͳһס

öۣίֽػү
ģôַˡ

޶˶ֱǰ˱ŵûУ
һĻһԵغ㿴ɵõ

ү

קĸ첲һѽУٿأȫһǿŰҪٴƳȥĳ嶯Ƕȥҹ¡

һӵĹλɵүɵĽүǹǼܣ֪£˵ˡ

һȥԱ߻ˣĵһȻյ޶ߣ΢΢үūҵүĴүūǳ.¶ķݶϣϧūһЩ
޲δشֻغٴһɫӺס˫

һò֪˾ٺ⣬֪ҹա᲻ܿصܿʪ
Ī¡¡ԻߴԶȥĽŲĲԷ¡

ǣţɴ֮С
үūѴȡ¡뿴ү

δ䣬ԷմžĴѾӵģ˵һ仰ȫռ
ֱӭԺͬմӴСүͷƽƺ«غ㾹Ǹ鳡ӡ

˫ĿԲֱǸ¥ϵĻ谵ơ
޵ȻһЦôѲȥ

үҿûҵҪ֪ȥޣǵðҹȴϡ˵̫ҧͷ
أЦЦٶ

үȥĶҪȥͽĿջһ䷿
Ͼһ磬үû

أջͺáüģ뵽Ժиֳĳﲻ̤ʵ
˵գǣͬһջн

*

ҹ෭ȥòײЩ⣬ۡ
ٿأ΢ڴƴ

ͷһҹɫ˳˸ƿʱžડһˡ
ķһǺ˵ϢһᣬƿӾͶԹȥ

ҡۼֿ죬ͶĻƿ

ɫ˳ųĴڣӳ¶ıѩɿѩ£λεĴۡ

һ˲䣬ž֪ס
ĿװĹʹ֮⣬ȵ˿ʣүǲ

ˣһͲ
ֺιʷħƵ͵͵ܻ鷳

ûС
մɨգ۵һ

һֱ㡢㣬īͰʲôŹŮʲôϲʲô֪
Ⱦ㣬˹߰õģһճϣǶɢȥ

޼۵޶ðһذЩ⣬Ҳûϡ
ʱϣڸԸҶ˱ˮ

ûƵģߣһɫ֮С
Ļһ·׷齱߶ʣû

ˣҲȥÿ˽ȥֻһıӰ
ƣװգűˮָӲˡ

йӰòҲԼȥãԿţ齡
ͷҪ£˾һ꾩С׿ǵͷҪߡ

ȥĶһקסԷ첲һûסȥ
ɢ˿޵ǰ֮ϣѬ˳

ٿأȵ޵ϣõƵģĿһʹ

ޣҲѾˣ಻Ƿʲô֮ͬһϷǿڰ޵ϡ
Щʣ

ȻѣΪηӦˡ
ֻ͵ȵèؼһûĨɾȷĿŵЩ

ǵĹϵޱ⣬ǳһҲãҲգܹǲùŵġ
壬ĿҪһϡ

鰸Ⱦζܲˣ̧֣һؽ۽ϵĽĨţϷˣҲЩղ֪⣬Ȳˮϴˣȥ˯ɡ
֪еġǸʲô˼

֫Թ˻ȥ˿

ʥ˳ϲΨŮСҲ
ƣմ˯ˡ

ǵΣǾ仰ôԽԽԾء
ǲ֪˯ʲô˼

ʱ޵£Ҳܿ˯ȥˡ

һ磬ʱӵ㡣
ȡƷԼŵ˸Сٵҹζ

һ룬¥˴ܹӻˣ֪ӭԺĹ񣿡
пɣͬ꾩ݵĹȣȷһζ

ˣȥشסˣ͸͸
ӡҲۣ˭γŵֵĵһգүȥֵطޡ

Ҷû˵ʲôʲôЦЦܲøǣ¥λʵǽȥһȦװӰɡ
˼Ե£˯ţ첻Щɵż

໥һ⣬ȥ¹﷭ɫ˿ȹִϣȡһΣΪ
ӣϵҪɰİɣá

ע⵽ˣһֱŸɫ޵ӣ˵ʵϴŵĳɫ
֮ǰȰΣôժ

ഹǺЦ
ǰġ

㵱һֵƵȹͷ棬ҲȲӷֺ
ػˣǡ

ڣޡһţһͬƹģߵ¥һڣһѩ·绨޵һʱиط˵ӵݡ
ƹ⣬¥Ĳæʹ˸ɫ

޹˹ǣУǡ֣˵⴦вٽԪΡͷ棬һ׼ðЩƹܷƼҡ
ƹһλүҹһǧ𣬽ΪСˣҲðõ档

С˺øܹǸ˶ģֽʯУʽҲ׼꾩ݶö࣬һûȥͳɡ
Ǿƹˡ

ʱ¥ݴţƹףλɾĽǺɫʱֱסˡ
ȹӣ̨ף㸲촽ƻһͷī׺ǡôһϮɫĳȹѩ

̧׿ǰ˫ҹб꣬ѤĿִżٸ뽿ߣ˿ˣ㱻˴롣
ȿȡ׼ƹˮҪˣ

ƹ񣬲˲죬ջסͼ٣ӭԺҲ˹ΣʲôŮû˾ɫһۿա
˼ڲܹ࣬ӻȥӭԺ.ƹЩ⡣

æŵĸۣҲԿƵضλۡ

һ·ߵԣҹδܰ˯ˣү¡
أЦЦӵĻǱ⡣

ס裬һѣǣ࣬ģùˣ
üͣôһ˲䣬ֶԷǰ޵Ĵ

˼ͷùˡ
޷꣬ûƴֱȥ鱦εӡ

ջ֮Уǰ󲻹һ֣Ƭ̣̻Ի͵ĴǰտӲõƹſģſ˽װĹӷˣæӭǰӸΣ롣
һǰᱻۻҵﾪԴǲЩõ鱦κ󣬱Щûʲôоˡ

תһȦֻصԣҪ˵ûʲôģߺƮͳɤ
ûƵ۵ôõӣʩʩҪʲôүʲô

һۣ֫ϵַ£˭֪ǷۺЦûߣϲ᲻ص¡

쵰˳ˣ
üһ䣬תƹʣӵ鱦Ҵ⸱ûõģͲˡ

ƹգǸΣûϸΪǽӣٿԭǰָĽɫ飬һλ˵Ĳ鱦һ𶼲˼ͷϴ⸱
𼱣鱦εģȻѼֵǵı۵طͬƲá

˸ȥƹһȡ̴ľϻһ򿪣ʽ顢䡢ǰЩȣȷһΡ
ûʼ۸ѡ˼žͺܹģŤʣү⼸Σ

۵ģ⼸Щ°ɡ
˻һƹͬһ㶣ѪҲǶˣôΣ꾩ЩĶꡣ

ƹҪȥ£үͷ鱦Щ͹ʱˣô࡭ġ
ĹؼʩʩԹ

Ҫӣû
֪ޱȻ³

ˣզľŰʱС಻⻹ǲ¡
ЩӣϪȫ˼ʮĿˡ

ȻƱʱƤûգһ¡
Ҳֱӿɵ·Ļơ

§һȦ̹ͬѾջ˲֪ˡ
һĹ΢Щˣ֪˸ͷĴͣһ檲˵ֵͷһҹͬﺨսؿջͣĴŰȥһǧ𣬼Щӡ

ȾǿɵֺȨ

صջſڶʱƹܹӻæӭǰСܹ
ްĴ˸Ƿ§֫ϣб۵ô

㣬СȥֲǼӵϰүĲȣɺֵ̿ͽҹҹ˸ƾ֣ܷ
ȥûҼ˶䷦ˣҪȥЪϢô

˵ţɫ͵Ŀ࣬ǳ֮⣬ƵƤһ
ȫԸȥէͼڽύȨ̣ɡ

οЩϰ壬ҪύĿȥҲ˷ʱ䡣
ƹͷû˵ʲô§ż˻ص¥ݡ

Ъڵ׶ƹƹͬǼүʶ̫̣үһȫƾ飬ŵС˵棬ʵģϾҹʲôСһ
ƹһ͸أԵͷǲ˸̻׵ȥ

һƿջճգҲûţȥּΧ˹䡣
˵ǹ䣬־ɢ֮á

ǼʶʲôойӵܣߣҪ㹻ǿ
Ӳ֪ѵˣܰԼαװȫ෴һˣ޷졣

գԺСУӣү˵ȥ԰ӡ
᲻п𾢶Ļӣԥԥܼңܷү˵ȷЩ䲻ˡܲԼȥ

˵ţСӱ˳˳ȥ֪ʱûվĿרעطűС
㡢㻹ҡ༱ˣŤȥ

ޱ߳٣Խ𣬳ƣʲôҼ˶ԣԼ԰ӶԸˡ
Сһ죬ЩݺݺɵСȥ˲öˣ˾ģҪأŽű˼Σ룬ʯ·ƽһûվȣֱϡ

ҡ˫ֻڶԷ֮ϣҧŴԲ
ɿȻҾͶˡ

㡭޳ܣӣ˭֪Ӳģָʹ
ɿۿ۳ļҪæ

ޣڿףҧģʯǷֱӰ
ԭڶš

⴦סѲȫ̧Ϊ˲ëϵĽӣտ˸լӣûʹˣȥƣϲٻһǡ
ǣ˿һûһµš

ŴǿѹĿڴļ¶
ݵίʵ̫ˣҪˡ

޵ļıཫջͬһͬȥðլӡ԰
ֶΪֿլԺɫſ˵԰ֽͨģ֮С

һԵ׽⴦ľǻˣԶóΪţŹ⴦լӡһȥ㱻ԺĹɫסˣԭǻ˼ģֳһӣ⴦ȨסĵطЩ롣
ԭǲ˽ˮ룬̨ͤ¥Ȱˮ԰˾ѡĸʽľɫˣʹ

԰䲻󣬵ȴϲһլԺˡ
ɫеĻϲУһЦֲԾҪͣڰգתָһȥլ

һȦ˾ϲ˵Ժаֲá
ܿģһ˰˽ԭլԺ

԰ϢҲ紫ȨȦС
ʱգλضߵܼҸ̣Ըɾܾˡ

ҪλܹӲִ֮ʱֵͷˣյ˵԰λ˵Լ
Ǩ롣




37.  037   

, ֪ݸ
ʤۣСѾ磬һ̧͵߬סСѾͷ, 漴һ, §

Сɶտ, ϵζ߯ˡ˵ţ˳ŷ˽ȥ, 
СѾӽҲû˼

ͷʤŮ˵һ, Ӵү¡
ʤ˭, ºһ, æƿСѾ, һ, ŭȥ

ﵹҲգСɶǲ, үϲ, յԺˣŪ, Ƽɻˣ
ʤһСѾ߶, ʲô, 

̧֣, Ť֫߹ȥڶԷϡ
ʤչȥϣֿʼʵˣСʣ£

Сӣϣ԰λܹӸȫ̿ͶҴǲġ
ŶʤüͷһһΪֻΪŮˡ

ǣҴ˵ˣܼĿǰ󵱼ҵȷƲ٣ƽҪ̺ϵڻиܡ֣ƽոꡣ
ܼңүɻǵǰ꽭̳ǧ㣿Ǽߵġ

ԭֱܼʡơʤģˣɵ˼һֱǧߣɼҵ֮ʵ

˵ܼңλܹǸˣҲЩϴڸ˲ٲҵׯӣʲô
Ŷʲôҵ

˿񡢾ˮʳҲһš

ʣү˼
ʤĬƬ̣ЦԭΪʳݣȷǸӻġ

ү԰µӣҪΣ
ȥȥ˳Щг׿ڷ磬ʳһ飬ǾͳԶ

á
ˣ˵˸檣ʤ˼գƲûʲôύ

ʩʩɫòѴ֣֪ʤôʣ˻˼

˵꾩Ժͷơ檣ǿַ糾Ůӣ˵ʱڲƣߵʤһڣ˳ղƬ̣𣬱鰸ȥ

һͷֵ԰
׽̽·صļ򱨳ʸޣ򵥿ŷ£λ֪ݵȷĵˮ©ʮգѴӰ׳һʤĻ

ʱǡǲʱڣݾڲֺۼ֣겻ͣʤϱδἰݵ񣬷Χݣ㱨ɺԣһþһֱΪҲֺ

Щɴо֮£ΧݣҲҪЧ£ѧӲ  
ȥ⼸ݿ׷һЩϾ;мɴݾߡ  

ǡ

ʤڣغãҪϢѾɢҪжǸʤйϵġ

׵ͷӦ£ţ뵽ε֮Ų
ӣиѰ졣

׻˵ץҪץߡ
֮ѾӽִºץҲ֮κ⡣

ôʥɵǴӺζ

ٴοʤƽ
˺в飬ͨʫʣʥҲ޹ʫ䡣

һѧʣ;˳֮󣬲ſϻ֮λٲǰ
֮ʤ֪ݣͬܲɷֵĹϵ

ʤͬޣһ·ͻּټ֮ǰӣһֱ
ˣʤһյչϣʥϸأ״䷢ھˡ

ʤγ֪ݺһϣλְֳУ羭̣ڿҲĥҲر

޾ϵλ̵ĸ֡
Լ֮Уֶˡ

¶ʮ԰С硣
һڼУͬһ͵ȴ⾪޵еĸҺš

бǰԺйоء
ŮСں԰УԲٰ졣

ǮӺ׼ǲ˲ʻ԰֮װεɫɾۼ
ϴɷɴװΣ־ѡ˼ǶȣõλõĵƹЧһٲвŮķġ

ʵ֮ǰλŮλɫĺøУݣǹּ˵ط۵λҲֻǸңЩýȢķ˲ͬϯ

ھװĻ԰Ʒһͱĵʺ󣬲ûλӵĳ׷ǰ̸ãʼоλӵĴ´磬˽һµ꾩Ůʱ˵ͷΡ
ҹһɫ˿ȹصýΪ˸򵥵ĸ٣ֻɫСε׺ֲʧ

౾ѳټϽŴŴģ˭һЦһ̸󣬸Ůλӵһ̶
˰лɣλӵɫ뺭ֵطˣļﳼĸŹŮ糾ϧ˼ֺ⡣

һҹϯ߸λҾ죬пڻ԰ͤУŽƽָ۴о֡
ɫ෽Сü䡣

һķϮ룬֪˯ˡ

֪˶ãʱ԰ѿһˣֻż絴ķɴƻ
ˣ޷оᣬֱߵķˮݵǰ

ŷ֣ţԼϲ֪ʱ˸С̺
ȵķˮӦûá

⵽Ʈ죬Ҳ˲١û˵ʲôĬĬغȵˮ
ʱԣȴҹ

ʲôջ񣿡
֪ġ

ϯǰ޴˵ϯĿģҡҡͷүŮ֮佻ĲһƾͿĳģ

˶ֵա
˸ӣСЧΪţϾִ߼Ĺ񶼰ˡ
ЩŮɫеϲ뾪ȣݳġ

ͬЩӸŴԺŮ콻׳ٻ
ֻ˵һԡ

գ޿׵һ˷
ίʵû뵽ǸƽڼӼྐྵ˽ҹǾգ̫ǫ顣

ǺЦүЩҪôأŷ˵ҷ˳ӣ˲ٳʳеȣӺҹСΪɹ
ǸģǵԼ±ǡ

֪ʶĶְ֣׷Ŀ㽫԰֮½ȥ졣

ӡ
ţǻû

ǣȥʱˣϳˣʤҴҵʹӡ
Ŷ

òҪʲôãұ˵ҪӣԷҪðӴǰ˿Ҫֿ⣬˼䡣
ʳ飬ʲôʱ򵽡

һڣһǧ
δϵʥֱ֮׵ôһʳҲ㹻ʤˡ

*

԰˸˾ְӹķɿ졣
೹״ֹͨȦʱѽ¡

ͷͣ
˽ӣȵܣһԵĽƸæɡ֧ϣ˼ֱ򣬰Ҳ֪ļӣĺܡ

¼ҴԼȥ˼һȥԺѾɤԶԶأϷ̨ǰһŮӣûġ
Ů毺ãԼĪʮģѲϲƣһݲ

ӣλǡͣ½Ųһϣ֣ЦǰǣλҼҹ˵Сã٣֪ݵңƸ
֪ԼλСɻݣ㽫ִʵ齲˳

δһ䡣
ϴʱżֹȦ˳޵ĺʩʩ

ڼǸˣ޸ʤʱֻ˸ңȴɫһֱܶ裬ʩʩﾹμ֮Уɵöۡ

ɫȷ˶־ܳ޵˵ġ

λǺС˰ɡЦӭ
ˣСˣµͽҺӰɡ໰ػԼݹ̧ͣߡ

Ȼ֮üЦ죬ӿ˵Ƕҵģʲô˲˵ġ
ִܵġ

˵ĲŮ˰ֻҪƹ˺Ժ£ǱŮˣЩʲôģģȻơһԽ˵ϵһۣ̽
Żϻģ㽫֪ݺԺܽǻͷ

ƽһֱѹһͷգҲٿЦǸ˶
໰ô˵˵ʤԭʥ״͵ھˣʹˣڸִΪ裬˶Ӧɼ֪ݺԺ紫ǰǢ

ţͻȻر߽ڲ׷ѡ
ϼ㺹죬ѾһɫȥӶЩӽŪȥ

԰鷿
ϸϸĿһʱʼǵɱ治˵վȣÿһʶмѭ

ǸŮˡ

ţⷿߵغ㡣

޼üͷһƽغӰӣǰһţǳ˲õ¡
ʲôˡ

ӣλ¼͡ףʤҲڣ֪ݸ̽ӱţ˵ʤҲ뿪֪ݸҴլˡ
߽ո˭

ֻһˣԵģǡ¼ҶʱµλϲƲ磬ڼɫпɵѾߣҩͽڹ֡
ɫһİˣΪβ˵

һͷ࣬ҲԸղ;ͷͣˡ
һԵϼ״ЦӽɫͲãܹҹҹӭԺ֮·ǣ

źʵû˾䣺˵ʲô
ظһ飬յߵӣǶǹˣȰҲѹ˷ŵǳ£ŮҲܿʱ׵ġ

ôˡԼЩˣҪ
Ŷͷ뵽⼸նлסûȥӭԺ

ҡҡλΣָ̧ŶԷصӰ  
ƭˡ

˿˵ѾӣЩŭ⣬ѿڶ

Ƽ̫ԣæǰȴһԵϹһסࡣ
ϣƺˣ㿴ⶼʼ˵ˣҪȥ᷿ϢƬ̰ɡ
˵ţͬһԵѾ߷ԺߣҪȥȴһסɫһ䣬žǣֲլӣӺˣԻȥ̺򡣡  

ɩɩԵȣҲȥơ˵ţȥ

ǲϣǰҪ׷һѷס
ۿཥʧ֮УĴ

Ϸ̨ϵ˲ûͣĿϷ£޼Ѱ

ʱͽڵϼϵǺС㺹ûʶ˲һЦ
ϸ̾ӵȷǸɫҲֲ˵ǣؿ湻ģҲס

֪ϵı¿ɲСЩ֪ݸĺԺõģʤΪó谮
˵λ״͵ھˣֱ

ϰһۣ粻ҲһˣŪЩѾôϷڿˡ
ϳסмôǸүˣֻҪλˣҲ̹ˡ

⻰˵Ĳˣⶼˣֻãۻȥ
˵ţſһ󼱴ٵĽŲС˽ˣˣ

üͷһԼۣʲôţ֪滹ôΪˡ
TW
ˣүүڰ;˵°ߣҵʱѾģˡ

ʲô㵹ǰѻ˵ףϼˡ
桭Ҳˡ

ʲôϻ񣬸æͬС˳ݣһԭط¡
⡭˲λܲһֱţգҵظ˿Žҩǲ˽˳ȥ

ͬҵ֣һͬŰȥԺĹȥûҵǿ԰
һ߿ţһְͣ߹ȥ״߳üͷס˿Ҫ޻ȥĽơ

磡㡭δ䣬ʾⲻҪı죬Ť֣ллҼҸϵظɡ
Ť߳һã̽һˣٽ£˽ȥ

үƣ׵ˣʲô»ȥ˵

ʱǰҹ˫Ŀͨ죬齱߶ʣʲôʱģ
ˣæι˿ڻˮӽȥ̫ȣͻ˹ȥ֮ǽƽͻˡ

ɲ˵ʵСүڽ˱ģҿɶƼˡ
Ҵôƹү²ɸӡ

ƻ˷
ǽأ

շˣžȥ˯ˡδɣСں˻ˮҪ´æסӣǲǶˣҽŸ˵ϳԡ
үںδҪĻŻܸȥ

ͬһʱ̣ͬһ·鷿̸¡
ɫأүصǣ鶾ѾȫˣСȥƹҲƽȣһ

šӦ˾䣬û뵽ǼŮ˾ڹ컯֮£֮¡
е鶾Сռģƶ֮ЩͬѰ˵ţСүѰҩϵİײϡ

ĵĶʲôرô޲м
Сͨⶾ鶾ҩү֪鶾ǲǸβֲҩҩ鶾֮УȻöЧ죬Ҳ鶾ڣһر󡣡

ǣö֪ԵˣȻڶԷ֤ݡ򲹳С֮ô˵ΪѾûô鶾ˣҩǹΪ֮
˵ƶ֮ˣ˷ܺ߱¶ˣ

ǣСžֶ֡䷽ϰˡ

䣬һͷȻ
ʥϿʼʤʱλͻȻ޹ʱеİ̽

пܣʤһλƶ֣Ƴһ涾ʥϰȥа̽˶ǼܻŻȥʥϷ쳣ҪЮǶݵʵȫ
ʤƺʲôλƶ֣δȫȫ⳼пܣǱвЩ¡

ڸ̽µĶҩмЩʲôⶾأڽڷȻںܼеһʱ䣬巢Ӷʥע⡣

˼һү˯ˣ
ҹΪ⣬Ŵʱ֮£ӭ˽

ɫɲѣ޲֪üȻˣƿɻ֢֮
ûˡƴ££̫Ը⡣

¡ס֣ϴһݾܾӣû˵ʲôȥˡ
򿴹󣬻ްСүģǸ࿪һӵҩ뿪

Ҫǲȥҩĵ˶ˣװʲô
үǲӵҩģҰѽմĽꡣ

δ䣬ǰ˾ŵ˳ȥ׽ȥҩҩ

ãȻһ˲ϷԣҪԺˡ






38.  038   

֪ݵֱ°߱, Ȳױɸʲôӣ·ڶգѴǽ֪
֪ݸ۳ȥϳ۴ߣɶ²סڿڡ

Ͼ, Ź͢, ίʵ

һͷ, ԰
ձԼȥһλ˼Сһ, ͻȻ˵һҪŲ鿴ȣֻû֪λˣǲ˷ݵƵǸ

ù, 뿪ԴС, ǻƳγεҩ֭
üͷǳ, ۶, ˿ڿ׸յź, û⴦

ʹ˸ɫߡ
ʱ, ̧۵˾ͳˡ

¿, ЩɥĲҩһС뵽ҹǲȥץҩþܾ, ֻӲͷƤӹڡ

޷¿, СƵһ, ·ÿһڣҪ  
ˣɵþúЦ, ȥȡЩ۽ϲ÷ӸɣȥⷿûУûУùܼȥ򡣡

Ӧ£С߳

һ˶룬񣬵ܿ죬ɫͬҩ

֪ϲ÷Ӹɵģǰޡ 
Ѿѧᣬ޵ľٶʱװ֪

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װ֪ĬĬܰ޵ĺá

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ȥӣ޴ƹ˷֪ݣʺá

֮󣬼ѲӣϱĲˣΪ棬ó汾ӣ˼Ŀ˲ĿǷԵϡ
ƹСģҵ

վһԵޣҲ湤Ŀ࿴
ò˵ݴ࣬ȷһ

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ŴŮӹ࣬ôȵ죬ôñţⶬ컹ãڷ磬͸һСѴ

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ͬײ鿴óУŷ಻ˡ

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ҵİ׵ʱǵޣϹĨЦ
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Ը̾ƽնׯˣⷬģ

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ڰغע⵽ҲδҲ֪ĶŪҩһΣʤȥ

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Ǳˣ֪ݸڣȻһλҽĴ򣬲ῴͨҩ.㶢ʤԭ䣬ʲôϢ
УͬλӽĻûг룬ʤӣϴδԺû̽ͬ紫ٳȷ롣

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룬񫡣
ϴȥӴ󣬼ñһµҡ

ȥһȦֱʱȫûĵ
ңȴѶһա

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صģͲ͵ĽȥҪ˭͵ģ͵ʲôŪЩ˲¹ףµġ  
ʤھлְʱ

ʥίְǿΪк񣬴ʮһգ  
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䣬üͷ֪ʤⲻĵɫֵӣ޵ֱ

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ȥ̽˸ͷܻ谵ּ䵴磬ˬ١

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š

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һˣòƽƽȴܶӣݣźӣԻףϸƼЩࡣ
ʤ

һĳˣҹ岻ʣʱһ˺

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ʤ޽ȴʱʱŮӡ

ϯȫôҿ
˵գ΢ҲŲ˲һСθھЩᡣ

һԵɫǣϯƺ

ñԣϢһɴ̱ǵ
ɨΪƵŮӣɫۣü۹ҺɫĽģīɫͫԼˡ

Ů˶˵ϲܿó

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ԺĻ

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ʤķԶЦҲ.ؿص񣬾Щ֣

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״֪ץڡ
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Ŷô֮ô˺ԺֻǺ棬Ҳν
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ԭʱ
ʤӡ

أһЦԼǸͶ
ԭЩõġ

áӦˡ

û뵽ҹ˹׼ЩյĻóˡ

ԥƬ̣¼ֵҹ
֪ʲôӣŪǸڴǽѿǣûסĵط

Ϊ˹СүʱҲͦġ
ȥĵطûС

ûжͷͱӣں˯°ɡ

һͬ£౳ӣڽҹ˼ô͸¡
˯һֱܺãһҹᶯһ£ͬôãδκβ˹ϵ¡

ʵڣ˯ıǰ̤ʵ  
ۣη졣

룬ԼС׿ͷ˹ȥ
ðɡ

СӣһţԼ¡

޿̰ǣ෽Ϊһ֡㡱Ļ˺ϲ¡

һǲˣҪȥҴߵҩ

ֱ˯ˣſۡ
һΡ

ֲΡ

İƾɵĻǲıӣһ˿.ҵԼ
Ƭ̣벻ԼĶ

ֱ߽ŴĹ֪ȱʧǷݼ䡣
Ϫ壿

е˸ֱбŸӣҴ
ţܻشյ߶ɷ˵ñĶͷ˹

˴˶ͷϵһ˲ëմŵѩޡ
΢΢һЦڲˡ

Ҫ𣿡򿪲һֹûĹӡ

ܳ
޲ɡ

Ůֲ˲䣬ݽС

һһӣ˸ԵĶ
ԡ

޵ӽǿԼֻ֪ãԥŹģĳһڡ
ǰŮü̧һѣģЦŵԡ

һĻ뵽÷԰ŵĵ
ҲЦ棬ֻͷԡ


˯еޱһĻŵֱӵ
ˡ

ֱӣڴ

һԵ౻صˣʶجΡ
˰ΣԷû

̧֣ʵĺ󱳣ûµģֻΡ

˭֪һ󣬶ԷǼ˹˴
û°ɣÿӣɫӳѩ׹ļϣµĴĿ

࿴ǣɫԨ
֪ǲ۵£İӿ

𶯡˵ƣһԵɫӷ̡
ŤѸ·ͷҲصˡ






40.  040   

, ƻ
԰ĺլͬͷһ

֣˲֪԰լ, ˵ܹɵλǸ˾, ƻû, ¿ҲȥҪС
ҹҹ, ܹӵ׻λòǵĺӡ

£ֹȦд
յֻ಻˭Լһ̸, ֪԰ʵΡ

ڶųԹϵ̫࣬ΨһȤҲ°ᡣ
಻ȥӴ, èڽԺܱ, , ҲȻ֡

ҹ֪޴ɹ, ýư鷿̸Ūˡ
ƽΪ׼λ, Ͼӵľɫ, ֻҪүүҲôһζؽԺ

˭֪, ӵСѧүնôλҲֻЦЦ, 񽲵ͬһϵûС
ƸǶС, ݾͼȰࡣ

ӣλʹͶôˣЩζү꾩Ƶ, ѹ򲻵ۻŰɡ
һ׼õΣŽľϻۻˡ
֪ģҲһ׾ŵļֻȥУ꾩ЩҲһʱ꣬үϲˡ

˵䣬Լᣬǹ˵ǻ͵Сˡ
⻰ҲÿЩλĶ  

컹δǰͬ˵ˣֻкԺⰸӲͻƵĿܡ
û̫Ǹʲô·һ˵ûյĻڶϰϣġ

ҧҧһλˡ

԰һͷ
״ӳһ֭صĴңʱнŲ߶ƿţջԺغ˽

غ㻰٣Ǳ鲻ԸŪҲֻۿס
ղ׿ɫѣ㣬ɵûЦƣżգӶҪͿˡ

˵ʲôغ˵
£֪

㣬°ɣǸ㡣˵ţƿɹ޸ӣһζ˳

ʲôغ㶢ֵֹĶ֡
˫ѹļС֪˶ټɻЩ

ʵµģίʵƣۣȫ˭֪ҹҹݺ
֪ݸҶȥˣŸúò

غƿͷŤˡ
üͷһ٣ⲻ֪ôļһСվ. 


ﻻȹǰܼģھǰϸ½ǡ

һԵı¯еĲһ˿©İֽС
С֪Щû˵£ЩǲҪˣҹҹ⴦ǼΪ۰ˣҪЩ衣

üͷһѹǱɾ۰ˣԼǸʲôݣλүر׼ģֻźܹӱǣҪ졣
ٿһ죬½һǣߵ㣬ۡ

裬ίʵ̫ãȥɵӳҪ塭
ɴԼã᲻ȥ

ͷ䣬ߵš
ǽԺĽ

ϳԷüͷһ֪˶ãȥЩʲô
ﰲãҼС˵ţ԰ĸŵһ⣬Ҫ

߹ȥ£һƣЩסˡ
һӵΣȫ䣬ҲͰˣҪǽԺģɲִ˵ĴλǼõΣƾˣҲĿɿڴ

ӹľϻ˷Ӧܿ죬ɫͰ
뵽͸ЩҲǺûı֮

⣬Цת溫ҵл
˵ЦˣһլģʲôǲŵģվͿԣҼϲҪ⣬һͬҲǲġ

۵һǹˣóԷ֮⣬ЦҹźɾӲ㣬뺫ൣˡ
˿δ¶ЦףǾͲϢˣū澸ˡ

ǰŽţű¾͸˳ȥ
װŪľϻеΣû⵽³ʱ˸ľ

ʱ￴ӵƤһżæŵشܽˤһӡ
ӣˣǺǸѾ߱¸ˣ

׹£񣬡ȱޣүδ˴ߣںδȥ

żæܵʱԺѾ˲ˣüͷͥдѵ⡣
༲ӭǰסﻹү˵ŵȥƫŰɡ

ҲȥүʱôҲȽأҶˣʲôŲŵģҽȥԽˣԽĽ
˵Ĳᡣ

ײҲҸػ໹Žݡ
һȥһѪζ

֮УͬһѾߴŮӹһԣɪɪ޶ϣɫˡ
үۼѪ߲֪ʧ˶Ѫ

ۿ̾ͺˣţүȥ񡣡

ûҽΣ㿴ҲûáĿǼݺݳ˼£漴ů˼֣֣
վͺá

ܣô벻͸ζѣôܱˣ
ʱѾߵߣǣֻڷС֣

ƵУǹίɬҲڸǲס޳ȻС
£һֹ

Ȼ仰ǸԼġ
һֱźʩʩ֣Ƭ̲롣

ʱ滺Щү֪⾿ôһ£ʰһЩ꾩ΪҶΣǲ͵ûȵȴجġ

ۣɨڲԶĵڼǸ˵ģ븮ǻţֱգ涼û֪ĶЩιȥͳô
ᣬæҡͷ

ˣκβģ෴Σϲʵڲ֪Ϊλȥס˵ţӵؿί
һԵı²СôԼժɾˣһ˿ҲΪڡ

ˣôأ

˱Ͳһġ
̷ң֪ݴˣⱻˣŪСӵȷûʲôϵ

²˲ᣬֱͦүԭǽźλ󣬱ڴţͬү檣ҲǹģΪҼ͵úѾ
ţץֽɿɵɨ˻棿

˵ί˲ʲܺ壬һʣ޵ˡ
ʲôίҲʧʣԻֹ˵ʱɨԵ࣬ŲյСţֹס䡣

̧ǸϵˣɫԻС˵ûѾߵȷ˵˲ΪⶼѾԼ⣬ûаֹϵ

أҡͷ̾ˣɣҴˡ

ǰǽԺѾǼԹޣū澲Ǹȥۣ˭֪һȣԼ̨ϡ

ǣڻԲѣ˵ʲôʲôˡ˵ţϵĲյ˦˳ȥƫеڱͷϣֺɫնһ
㣡

ôǸѾߣѲɻܲίˣѾߣ˳ҾǷ㣬Σ
ʩʩ㷴ˣİһأֱĶˡ

ϵĶһأŵˣġ

үæȥΪ˳䲻ϺĺΡ

棬İ˵һ仰߬ȭޣ˵Ž  
ŨѪ˳

񡭡
ڴΪ

޴ʱɫ࣬Ϊ˸ѾߣлûˣܼңȥѺʩʩϻؽԺµı£ȹؽ񷿣Ⱥ䣡
˵գŭ߳

ⱻŵĽƣźүŹӡ
ڱҲˣû뵽ưҲ¡

ٱǰԸˣĽҩ

һʱ䣬һƬǹȣƮ԰ˡ

ʱ󣬵԰ͣһ
֪ݸġ

˰ڴϵʱίʵһ
ŸɾƯСϣۣ½£¶ƬƬϺۣȥĿġ

߯ЩŮݣˣƹҩҲҪüղܺá
߶ţߵ齱߶Ī£ҷŶ˵ˣģҲͷģôίûطȥ

㡭̧ͷ۾ˣµĺ׿Щˡ
ޣӳຣġ

һĹߵ鷿š


ϣܹôĻ𡣡ݣһƿǴܹҲǵģôء
һüʣﲻ̸ͬǧʳôȥǸ֪ߵغļˣ

ĮǺ⣬˾飬»㽫ɰ֮ˣȵľʱ
ʩʩһöҪߣƱȻܾ

ӿô˵㲻ۣеҪۺء
˻⣿

ܹϴˣǻ˼ôЦ
Ȩ֮䣬檵ıȱȽǣοǳ꾩һģӦϴ¡

ֻû뵽˻᲻
˭˵һҼүϵġأһЦλҲ綯˼Ҫôλڵ԰ġ

ʳ
һ򵣣һͽҲֿլҸԻһݺԼվݣ²ɣĲաܹ͹ȥõʱֱӰλСȥ꾩ͺá


ȻһЦ۵׵˳һɨ⣬ȡ֮

ܹӾΪأ  
۵һֲ⼸ʤϲ鲻֣ԭĻ֮ˡ

ôı󣬵վŵʲôˣ

ˣ漴ͳҩݹȥ֪½ȥҪԴģ֮ǰûⶫǵӷº󲻻κ⣬Сȥ꾩ҩԻϡ
ηֱǷù᲻¡

ҩһݣӲǴ˴ôƹѰҷ¾ͺãˣûΣͲҪˡ
á

ȷ˵԰ţ޵һʱ䰲Ű˹ȥ漴׼ֱѺµĵط
˿̱סҭ˶޴ˣҡͷš

ڱǰ׸ӣ־ӸµѹȸУñ¾ŵһֶ˵
֪Ӧò٣ʱ䲻ˣٶȿʼɡ

ҷｲĿɶģǺǸСѾ۸ȣɲԩˡ
޵ȻһЦ˹䣬£ķãĻƭ𣿡

޴˻٣ʲô׼ķûֻҪ룬ûʲĻ
ŵһƨϣ֧죬ʣ㡢ǵٵģ

䡣
㡭

öҩв֪֮¯ﲼµ㣬Ϊ˶ɵô
ŵĵһҹͱ쳣֮

ҹ쳣궯˴𰸡
֮չżһҸֳҩ

ȻǸңغϡ

ǸСΪ㣬Ҫô
£ҲǸѾ߰ˣΪֵ𣿡

һʲôֻԵģǶġ
ü㣿ͬĹϵǱѰˣǰͽ԰ô

ҧޣٶʲôɱңҲᱳģ
ãҾɱƳˣ֮£ʤֻǸΪõĿܣֹʤ¡ֵܶˣҲΨΨǴӡ

ңҶ
䣬һѺžžˤ⡣

޻ӱµķӦϣѿ²Ĳûд
ֵܵãˣҪôͷҪô¡޶ű¿˰ΣӦͷˡ

أӣֻǡˣ
˫΢أԭˣ湻ҵģˣŪˣô

޻ɣ¶˵ֻֽ֣ͬҪķӦд𰸡
㡭ʶԷ죬һ䶼˵ˡ

ȴۣץסžۡ
߽Уֻ죬²ҽ֧֧ƽС

үҿѾͷ֪ĶϲֹЩ
ˣҲʳʲôʵԵĶ˰ͻƿڣԭϣôȴţʲôöɱɡ

Ҳ²⣬ӦͬǸƶʶϵ˸ıʹΨһĿܾΪϣˣҲʧȥλƶ֡
ȥҪ࣬ܲܳɹȳϺλƶ֣Ҫˡ

ʵ޿ֱӾȳϣһðվ˳֪ʤ֮µĻã֪⼸µľӪı㹦һˡ

ǵǰ취ѡ޶ϲ֮ص£Ѻһϡ
˵ף಻£ҲͬһΪĿһ

뵽ˣ޵Ŀ͵س鶯
үû°ɣ׼ģæǰȡ

üߵ£Ŵʹֹ
ʱǻǱ˽߬סʹ˲ðһ亹

үȥ
ҡҡͷļΪη֪

⣬ͽ̶Ѩ޾ҪҪˡ
ʵ£޲δȥ

ֻͬĲ룬һУǰͨ
Ϊµɱڣȫ֮⡣

ǰ˶ң
һͰеļѪ³ȼ

һУ˾ʲôӦƵģһһղȥ

ֱ౻ߵһ̣ţһле˳

ʱɫԻҲȥ֪ݸţʲôʧˡ
ͫȻһӦ£¶ľȫ

һͷ֪ݸԺ
һ·᷿ԼúãֶĹϹ裬źΪȫ

ֻಢδĶֻǰڳһѹӣһֱװޡ

һ·಻֪Լ˶ᣬ浣Ľ۵׻̺ۻᱻ޻
ĪҪٿˣ㿴һ·۾Ҫ޳СͷˣϵЩˣҸƣŲձȬ

л㣬á
Щˣĸş֣̌գ۵ľİ׵塣

ٶԣԸѾ߽źԼš
ѵĿڣ̧֣дָ

ѾûһŮĶˡ

֧ˣ漴򿪴һǣĹ۲Χ
ԣһȥסԺС

֪ݸô󡭡
ţԶȥ߻˸ˡ

æصϣ˴ǰʣ㣬λǴ𣿡

һʹӴ磬ľݼԣȥЩˡ
ǣλǻòҪ£ϵ˿ڡ

ųų֣һ
޿еƶ֣ܻȥǸĴϸϸ֪ϵ˶Ǽٵġ

ܾȣָĿЩÿҪҩΣſۡ
ҩ࣬ܺã

ĬĬ˼
ҲҪգָܻ

㣬ҲģЩҲǺۡ
λҩҰסţλүүڴСסһʱˡ

Էݳ֧ҩ࣬ͿĨڻɣõĿЩݲմˮ
ǣл򡣡

ཿؽ覵ģɿˣŤԸȥЩԵġ
˿ӹҩһɲǣԷУ˸ֽ





41.  041   

ķ͸麴촵, ڽԺĴϣһҹδߡ
ôСˣռʲôط

治ˡ
־̫ա

ҹǲˮ·ؾһĸȥ

ǰ, µΧҪļݽʤͬ, ʶıٴθ, һ԰ȫΪ
ڵԼΣһ뵽֮Ѩ, ҹ¡

мԴһӦԼ
أ˵ȫԤϵô, ȴҲа˷ֲС

ֻûˡ
Ϊ֮һ, ôҪߵġ

ʱ, ⴫ߵ
ס

޸æ, 
Ϣ

ү, ֪ݸˣӵݳ˻, ˵ʤشϾͱլĳ, ޷ӽ
ĬĬֻ̫ɺ, л˵λѺŵĴ򡭡л, ү֮ǰɰҵλ

޽ӹֽϸϸһ, ּδлźۼɾ㡣
˰죬һᵽԼĶûС

ү, غǶţµġ׻ô˵Դȥ֪ݸһֱ㷲
ȥңǧʳҲǣ־ݣٰ˿á

֪ݸأʲôʱ
ᵽգǱպ

գ㹻һ֧񲿶Ӹ֧Ԯ

ǣס
Уغ㣬ת֪ƶΪ˭ȥѰ䣬ֻҪͺá

ǡ

պһлڰ׼
԰ȴͻȻյ֪ݸµӣ޵ҹ븮硣

޲²⣬յӣҪǿҩ衣
ʱδǰӣҲҪղܸϵ֣໹֪ݸסţֻܶⳡ硣

֪ݸԺ
ɫѣճ˳غ˳Ķ⣬û֪ݸκζ

ԼҪæôÿֻǴưˡ
ٰǰһΣ˭Ҳûֻͬ˻

̸ȴ˲٣꾩¡
֮ǰͰ޸׼ǵù죬ǶԴ̸ĸʱ໹Žӡ

ߺϸϸһ룬ԾյЩ֡

Լ˵ᵤ࣬ŪīΪһС
ӦҪˮӣͻվ˸ˡ

ǳԵ̫ٶۻ軨һۣΪԷޡ
غ㡣

㡭ôˣ

غ⼸һֱڰû⻹ǵһΣݡ
ӣб䣬ȥ

ҲʵЩˣҲǾЩ֡ͻȻǴݾߣ
ӷģȫ𡣡

ȫĸ֣ʱģ޵ڹϣһֱˮ©
غǰΪγӰź·ߣֱ֪ݸ˶޷һ·˶û

֪ݸǿյһ
һ·ϣֻйĹĵķԶơ

౻һ·ͷȴĽƽϴһ˲ұ㷢ˡ
ʰϵغ㣺أ

ӵѾɣֺͷ
һ仰ڼʮ⣬ֻиӰ

ĺ׹£Ťʽƣ԰ǲǷʲôˣ
ūҲ˵ǰѶʰãүȥ֪ݸˡ

֪ݸ˵ȥ֪ݸȻʱʵһﻰ⣬һ֮̽⡣
²Ѿ֪޺ݡ

ֱ̽˲亹
ڴʱͷϻɴĽȻӣƣ쿴ˣ

ĺɫ֮£һɻƳ죬ƣţİ벽һѷȡ
Сġ

Ƭƣľһ
ֱ⣬ڼװϣԶԶǴǹĻ𺣡

ߺܵĽŲȥҹɫ£һ֧нľӳǰ
༴̺ͣ£ǲˣ

֪ݸС
졣

Уֳסʤ·
ʱԺѪɺӣʤһȺˣѿӰ

û뵽ʤ˽ĻֲǾڣſ

ʤ־ܰɣ֪㲢ı˵ʹٱرһ
˵Ȩƣǻû꾩·ˣ˲¶ɱζôʹˣίʵܲסǸ̼

üͷ˵໤
䣬ʤһصȥ

漴Ѫ˳鴤˼±û
޸

䣬ٿأһҡźԺΧ

*

Ĳۻ֣ص֪ݸʱδһƬлϱڣ
֪ݸǰĴϣһŰײڵʬѪɫ߲ĵһ
֪ݸڷʲô֪

һҹĳ

ּҼһ֪ڳ˴£ӽǺ󣬸ǴŽա
ڻƬ̣аϳ󣬸֪Ѿص԰

಻ǵԼһ·صԺݣֻǴͨѹѹһȺ⡣
вٴ׵ģ档

Ŀ۵ףһԵ

ôˡޱ򶨣ͺδǰһ㡣
ӣôˣע⵽ˣʣôˡ

أүү˺صˡ
δһ˿ôѪǼ׳ۣȫѪ졣

ޣ¡ǰҪȥԶһ·
һԵ״ҲҪȥȴ¡

һȥ̱ǵҩζоڲסѪһص죬ĸų¡
ͬǰ֪ѪҲˡ

ʱһŮæµȥ󣬲Ҵ϶Է˳˵ķ϶ƼǰǸѪ
ԵŮԷۣ߹ȥʲôܰæ𣿡

СĴҩ۵˿ڣĴ棬ҪϣȥҪˮ׾ơ飬漴ȡյƣ׽š
ϣЩ

ףͲ˼עһͰͰŮӵ״̬Ժࡣ
˿ڴϣ

ͻɷˡλ񣬺ƫѾʰˣҲˮλЪϢɡ
ԥҪҪһͬ۵ĹϵʱָһѾǣֻ֣Ǵôϵ˿ڣδգ˿̫ͬһ⣬ӻ˴粽Ųǣ⻹һҩѺ£зȣ뼴̴С˹Ϊҽβźá

ǣҶˣл򡣡
ˣȣͬնⱲӣǶҪլ֮УοΪҪնܵˡۺۿ϶ְݲ뿪

ߺ׵ҲһҹδۣȥϢһɣүҡ
أȥҩɣš

չû˱ˡ
֪ˣľûأ˻µġ

齱߶Ͱǰš
ȣ˿׸Ⱦϡ

ʱʱһͷա
˿ڸȾûпصʱĻҪ

ƽǰ߸ϣĮ°ˣȴǰġ
֣ΪƽŤһüġ

·ڻʱ˼顣
漴˿ػ

ࡣ

һ䣬еĹǿԤ֪£˵ãˡ
ﻹܵô࣬һҹľšǣһԵķйߣƵѹԼĿ

ܾöû޹ˡ
֮ǰʱᣬ޷ΪϷ

ɽʱգĿƲסԼ
̧֣䣬һ˿ŵ˼ٿޣҵĿھҪˡ

׵һ仰
ˡ

޴ʱȷ۵ʹټᣬ˾ɼһ
˿εˡ

šԾЩ񻰣ᣬȥҩô
ߣһסߣ

̬ŵļͣȴݾܾ
ޣɹ˳¡

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ʱҪǵĺӣΨ֫ӴϵʹûôѰ

û˵ʲô
ٰݵʱ䣬£ѾϰΪ

಻֪޷ε֮ǰˡ
ˡסĵһҹ

ɬҶߵҪѪǲƤĶǺ۵ģǶ֭
Ҫ档

һʼЩ־壬ʲô̧һԭϽȥۡ
һգ粽һԡ

׺ͽʵڿȥˣǿиȰȥƫϢ
˯˸̤ʵ

һ˯϶˯һҹʱԴЩˡ
ϴһֻɾѣȥݣȴſڵ¡

ӣүˣЩԵɡ
˵ţڲסӵ

ڼ

˵޻ˣǱûʲôˣϸ׵ָ⣬ˡ
޹һųȥʱͬŵغ

Ŀˡ
غֱǰһĨӰ

⣬߳

غϻСʣˣ
ֻشƵҩȻʹ͵ֻòҲָ߷֡

үҲҽۡ
ţˣ
δܽǲϽʹ̺ȴһ¡

ʲô
غԥǰĻһһʮ˵ˡ

˵ĻָʹΪ˭ʡࡣ
ࣿ

ǣԭƺ֪ӵݡʵҹʱҲһ̫˳˹⳷·ϵƵġ
üͷȥ⼸ֳǵļ¼ٰ֪ݸµļҶ̣ͨͨ˴˻Ǳмѭ

ǣ֪
غߺ޵ɫ׳¡

غ㱨ʱԺԹԵĽͬһǣ
뾩ͷһգλ

Ϊ˱ܣֱŽĿ༴ݵݽһ·ͬʳͬޡ
лȥš

յϢΪȥĻʹأ

ţſڴ׵үˡ


һϮɫȹʳС߽Űӻǣüͷ˵˲´ô
޼һ˲䣬ǻŭ⣬ĮһЩͲ嵭Щ

⼸ʱ̵չˣ˯У컵ļ䡣
ӲĳҲˡ

תһ롣
ɱģǶ˹߻ļ

ⲽ嵽˭µģ͸²š
ֿҪݵĸо

˵´ԻЩ
ͬɷһͬõš

֮⣬ָſڴƻء
Ȼȷǡ

ŵô֣ȥ
ࡰšʱݲ٣֣ͶιĸʵһЩ

޴һɨ̫ˡ
࣬һСƳγεĶм״ֵͷСˡ

ָһ֭Һʣʲô
֭ˮһӳӣե֭

أָһͷһͷʡ
Ĺͷͷ˾ˣǲǿǹͷˣ

ԹһЩֵĶ
뿪꾩ôã̲ˡ

̲ˣ
ֻƹѽ

ޣ
Աģ̲˵ĺ壬ɵ͵͵Ц¡

Ŀˣ첲̫㣬ιùţ¶ƣ˯²ųݡ
լģҪȥӴ̵㣬ͬȥһˡ

ͥеĵӴʱ壬ΧҲһӡ
׽ͣʱѾָӵӹܣÿҹ϶Ų˴ξ֮µ©֮㡣Ϊ˱֣֮ٳš

֮⣬໹֪ȥ֪ݸʵ顣
յȷ˽޵ʵݸ֪ʤ

ˣ֪һеȴŹ

벻ǣǾ̰֮µıλֵܼʤĹְ֧ôһ̯ӣ£ÿľһֶûϰյУЩʳҲǲ֪ȥ
ôһʳ֪ȥ޲þӲӹܣ˰ͱ췴

֮´ĲʱѾ˿¡
Զ꾩Ļʹյǧ֮⣬ַű

ǬԪʮġ
ʵ۰ɳһ֧Գˮ·ȥޡ

ͬһʱ̣С
ڹһźݵ̫С

̫ӴԿɫ糣·ҲͬλΪ̫޹ء
ΣִǱסˡ

ڹɫһҪ֪λڳڣһ֮֮ϵִǵһλȨصһλ
ִҪĻ

̫ӽǷͬʵһģһźȼ֮ǰͬ˵֮·̫ˣԼǸûûֵ˽Ůȥʤɴ£пһλҽĽУһꡣ
˵Ǽ֧־֪ݶժɾЩĪҪٽ

ǣСס
λӲǵǹٶţҲ֪Ϊ׼һ壬ܲƵĿ

Լǲ֪ˣε֣Լ֧ԮΪͤϱ𡣡
Ҫ˾ԼȥθĳŴһװγƾ֮вƽ֮£¿ûôԴ롣

ڹȻĬĬͷ

ǰ౨֧һ¾͹ˡ˹²ܣֻ֪ƽ龩ָµĻˡ
˵ţֱ̫ߵļأԶꡣ

ڹбһƣȫλñСӰ

µף޵̤Ϸ̵·
ʣصһҴеĸʳˮ·ؾȳ·ߵн

ǰڳһΣָеŮģ
һվǣæǰæûۿ֡

룬кԼ
ƽһ⣬㻻˭λϵĶ취ߣ㣬ѺԼеĵ

Ӧˣľϻࡣ
֮ǰ͵ΣﲻЩĶչ黹ӡ

֪ȥ֪ԼǸʲôλá
λǣʲôǣλͬԼĥǣ硣

Ǳ˵һˣŪȴõսõĶ
λ˸һŮ

ŮӣҪ֪ôġ
ĳ·֪㡣

θֻҪϼңһ·ˡ
Ѷ˻ȥǸպñǣŮһףҪҪӵĵطЩҸ̻ӣðЩһҲΪպƷ

㡭ôôáﵽǸʮ͵Ĺձǰõˡ
֮ǰҴˣ󡭡ͬϷ

˵治֪ҹҹͬһ˲λô
Ƿ񶨵ġ

˴ᣬλ˲չ¶ġ
ǰѷ࣬λ˵ᣬѸλ˰ա

ǰָӵҲС
Ͻ䲻ȴҲһֵܡ

áЦ⡣
ζСӣȻҲ׶༪١

ʤɱ󣬳Ķ˽
ÿЯԮۼ˶Ҫǡ

أ֪ѾףصϺġ
˵ţȡһС䵶ݸޡ

֮ǰӽԪСжõսƷŸɩɩ񡣡
ˡ

ҹֳżɩɩʱһ˵أļ˰˿壬ôԭǽøףúϣӣ
һЦӹ䵶

µһգ
ϣڰغ㡣

᲻ãΪβȥ͡ڶͬغ㽲
غҲû뵽ͬ£һ˲˵˾䡣

˵ͷٶԣأ
Ѿ̲ס£ߴߴʣǸôѽѲġ

Ѿͷ֪һϷǸ˪үôĻίԼŮӷʲô
ҪϣҲš

ĵĹŮ
ôҲһ԰

ʱӣү˵ͷˣȥơ
ͷлչˣֲǴ򣬲ȥҡȣǺЦ

ȥɣ⻰ҿɲҸү˵
ûˣүͷȻλƹˣû˵ԼͷĿۣλ˵ûֲ˭ͷ۵ĹֲֻЦүλѷſģԼС

㣬˵˵ϴСˣԼֱŤ
ӭү󣬲żн

޼ˣԳʣͬغ˵ʲôˣ
ͷ۾ΪĴôأһЦ

Ƽˣʡ
¶غ㲻ǵһΣ֪غմȾ쳾ȻҲύ죬ֻغգЩһˡ

ҿŤȥȴ
ְ𡣡

Ҳ˰Ͼλ׵ӣǽͬգǲһİɡ
㡭ͬҲҲһ

Ծ󣬸Ŀڵ̫򵥣ôģ
û޻еһ̾Ǿ仰

ע޹αؾ
һ˲ǳЦ֪غһֱӻԹƬҶմˡ

ʱȡǰѵ͵䵶

֮£ˡⶫǴӽԪսɶŷɡ
ӹŰ

ţͼڣƺôһ졣
û룬ֳڽԪС࣬ҲĶҲδ֪





42.  042   

ʮ, 꾩
죬ÿһǣ˳ŷ϶복УһÿҪ˯ѹ

̧ۼڷ˫, ֪Ǹвס, ˴ȥͳȥô, Ѿȥ䣬Щ
, ÷԰ô࣬ġߣһЦ

ȥǡִҪ͡
಻پܾ, ֻӦ¡ī黭Ӧòˣɽˮ, ͹ȥ

˴֮ɽˮ, пز۽硣

д, ʻԹ
֪, ޻϶Ҫæġ

֮˳ʤ˼֤ݣıȴһֱûɿ, ϹǮʳ
ʱ, ͣԹſڣд󲿷ֵ˶ͣڰᶫ, ֪ڵʲô, ӹæ, Ҫǵúúš

ɫ˼̧֣֣ɨɨ鷢
Ҳ, ˰£ϻ⼸ȥ

š
ȥöɫһλƣ֪𴽽ǡ

³󲽽˸ԺУͳƤ΢ɵСᣬأԷ
ԼС

һҳĸװ޵ļ䡣
֮ǰдСӣ¼˲δõģⶫ

Լʱ˸У˸ᡣ

һὫⱾ͸ܴ̼ʲô

ֱֻգҲûͳ֡
Ϊ֮ºǶˡ

ΪⳡϷݵ̫ã̫棬˵Ĺϵôһ㲻һ
˭û˵ƣҲûнһĶ

˳Ȼ
֪һҵģҲֹУ޵Ӱӡ

Ҳһ
ȥʶȥһޡ

˵ףôã˭ｫһһΪֵ
Ҳؾڴˡ

صСլ´һѾſںţЩ˴󶼴ŴƵѣΨȺУǸĽۡ
мһܽɫĶ°׳ȹûжȴ¡

ﻹǵʱǸ帾ʱ꾩ϣҲֻᱻΪļҵĸŹŮ  
ЩУֻǵãǸʲôĻɫ

̶̼²ԽĹ޶ˣɢ֮ҲʱһЩǱĺܺá
߸ŵĽƽҲɫĶȹ޼ķҲĲ֪öٱ

ֻԼ

ܶ롣
˱Ҫʳʡ

߬ȭͷطйԹ

⵽¡ĶԳµϲˡ
лӹģƲ԰ڻȱʲôôȱʲôūٸӲá

Ҳ÷԰סôЩ⣬ǸԺסϰˡ
үǰǲ˷Ըˣ˵÷԰̫Сƽ޹ģūŻ˸ģүˣҲ㡣

ƽЦĶֻǸլԺ԰СլԺ滹иСĻ԰ԵԺӶܱȵģס÷԰ʵƫһԺ䡣

񻻽Ժʲô˼˵ĸء

౻ƽӵȥ˹ԺûԺͣ²ֳ̲׳ʵ˲٣ҡβ˳˹
ƽո̲˴ãϲӭ˹ȥ㱻˵˹һȦԺ߳һϸ

ԺҲ̫ˣȥĶ㡣죬ˣǳЦӹȻһˣסôԺ䶼ҪϲĲУҲֻӻᰦ̾ˡ
ҪڨڨһЦ

Ժģļùʢ뵽Ϫļҡ

ӣǵĸʸסԺӡƿĽɫһô˼˵Ҳܽ

˵ͷֿʼ˵˵ˡ
Σ˵ʱԲ㡣

ʵҲġ
˭ңɼ

ǰƵʳڵȨûС

ýȥЩѺͰһлԺôãǸеһ⡣
ûý̫࣬ߣֱӸԹ

ҹͩԺڸOO@@
۳Ͷ٣ĲУڴϣǷȥ˯š

ټһŴЩ̫ˡ

Ӱ涣һӰҴ
ජŴϵӣ⽫ߣٿأߴһͳɤ

û˯

޼ǰ˸ƵĴ˸ͦǱŵˡ
ҡ

Բ۾ǰӰ꣬һƬʲô
ֻƾűǼ⴫ǸϤĲŽ¡

ôˡ
һʳڣʶ仰ǶôĲʱˡ

Сӣ˾ȻϷ
Ǹʲô˼

ţɤƣŴӴ»·  
ʵ˵㣬ǣû˵ڡ

·˵ǣҲ߼
ֹţ߽Ժһ;ҲҪߺһġ

ǲǶˣȥЩɡЬӣҪȥơ
أȷЩˣȥˮɣȥҡ

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ͻȻںڰеľչ¶

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Ȼ͵ȥ칫  

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ûٶԣ˸СȥݽѽƽҪˮ

һˣæȥޣ˵ϲá
ʱ໻£񾲵Ϸ޵ҹãû⡣

ٿأľضļŲ˲
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ȥٷ͵£üңҲ˼ѵõ

ֱߵ޽ȥӣͷʪš
£ΪԼʸͷ

ҽ˫Ƥ̣Ҹոһݣţӳɡ
޲ϲʳҲûʳҹϰߣȴֵ߳ôë

ҨһףŨڣô
綼ʲô䲻ʡ

Ժ˹䣬ûȥͷʢȣԺͤЪߣ
ⳡ꾩ˬϽҲǲȥЩľĵطɽķҶҲǹĺȥ

ôȥô޼ʡ
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ûĿڹǮȥٸ˷Ҳ©֮

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ʱ޵αġ

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Ƕ𣬱һѰףǶ֮ģ䰲꾩˽լȴǰ֡Ľ..̣Ϊأʱ޻ͷ֮·һʱʳ½ն

ʵۿԣ˼֪Ϊ޷Ѿͬ㽲Щô
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һŭ󣬻ʵ۵Ļ²٣˼Ǵ䣬ʸ֮ģʱҪһźΪӳ档

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43.  043   

ʮ, һǲ˽׼õ±зַȥ
մһ±լԺÿ˶öζͬ±⣬ⱸ˼У׼ְа½, īƹ, к̩ھ꾩ֹݸһݡ

֮, Ѹ׼±һǲȥ˴¡

׺ؾŵĳ, ͵̩ھīС
ѽڣ꾩ͷò֡

¾ƣ֯¥滨ͷ
һ·ֻϡ, ȥ̩ھְ±źȥ

īƹ, æŴ, ӭһ·˺á

ǲŻ꾩ôƹΪ, Ȧϳżҳ
ôԼ, ϴ˽ȥͬƹ˵ʶδ, ±͹ȥҵһƬ, лƹҵշ

߿īһ, ԸƷۣίʵīҡ
ƹ˻ȷް, ֻҪλ, ī÷û⡣

Ƭ̺ƹǲȡ֮ǰվǮͬˡ
һɨ, ǸĿŵˣ¿ƹǲдˣǮҲ̫ˡ

ƹݸһЦ˷ܵģҲӲģӣ˵һ˶ӵĻͷһ
ûпλԸļ۸񡣡

ɫһתʣϴλô
ǡ

Ǻˣ¡
αٸʵףλлһӮ֣ǶԼϲƷһǧīˡ

лӮ
˷棬üºͣԻȷǸˡ

ԼĻֵԼǮίʵ̫࣬Ĳ
޼ۣлӶĽ֮޼ۣĲǱΪлһСɺã

ϴл֮ǰͬһ죬´μʱһʣ᲻ử
ʶнһʡ

˼Ƭ̣Ҳʲô̫ѵҪ󣬱ͷӦ¡
ƹȥƫڵĻңñīֽ⣬ûôԥ˱ʡ

ʱһСƹУ׿ȥִȣī湫񣬾λòһģһ˼鶯
ƹϲֵ࣬Ϸ

ˣҾͲţδĻҲƹˡ
ǡǣȻٶһôϺõն

лƹ⣬´Ʒ
ƹӴţаõʱ䣬С˻δл

ȴöԷֻðǲ˻ȥš
īȥ¥ҵӵĽƽ񣬼ץ˰ѹһЪ˻

Ƭ̣λǸ¡
ԭһĳС֮ңͥ㣬ʱɸĸͬҽõҽףҼǣŮū.

ŮòˣһԾΪݶʮֿȵͷƣĳ÷Ϊȫһǧ𣬽ݸ¥һСլ䰲
⣬⣬նĥŮ֮ʱҷ֡

ҽãףŮݵͼ׼ţֽĳϼӿܣŮ
֮ŮѵһŮַߣ£ΪĸŮ֮ƣŮŽеǮһƫƧСլزƤ.⡣

ĳԵɺϣ¾йŮһݴԵ;ȴ֪뿪ǰ߷öٴ䣬ֻΪѰļϵˡ
֮󣬱;һ

չ£Ȼᣬﶼġ
ĳȲܻȫŮΪȥǣģǵ顣ֲ̧˲ᣬɬ

Ϊβ˵ұ壬׼ѣҪ侮ʯĸŮƷ߷ߵԼ˻ܵǣԳ𣬱ū
ˣα

õģԹļӣҲûܹôί棬ܶٿҲҪԼš

ˣƵСȰοĳһƬģŮȻΪ糾ŮӣƿأҲһ᳢ΪΣҵŮڸˣҲΪ˸Ůزپҵ
̾תһЦǺοѹǰ˵ɽʱȥΪŮһɡ

ãƽᣬܳȥ棬ǿġ
յһӣַѽڣûżСլȴŶȥ˽޸

಻ͬգһϳȹƵ͵ڶУͲһˣӭ͵ĻʶȹӵϣЦӭȥ
ƵͦġƵ

ˣȱЩֵ̧˵㽿ƵüģŤΪλﶩװװϺͿʽԼ迼ǡ
˵ţ˻һӡ

Ƽ״¶Ц˴˿񣬶Ѿ߶ģСһľ
ˣǲҵѾߣСá

ĶʲôϵֻҪλźþǡ
ǣ챿ҪǲһƿƲƷЩĲˮΣ

áŻߵá
ڲŮ̸һȥñߡ

Ҷ棬λѩòǵٸļҷˡ
ܿĿ⣬Ѱ˸ƧĽЪš

ʱͬŮ̸ƹ⵽ŵŮʱǰһ
ϵõģֻһƥһ߰ٽλȥƳ£˵Ҫ֮£λӣƹȻ

Ƭ̣ĳߴ硣
Ȼͬλ˶ģȷһ롣

ƹ뵽֮±ͷʹûӣֻ˵Ů½ȣⲻ˱ߴ٣ҵʱǸߵĻƣȥµգʹǹˡ
˵λ˿Ȩı˽ˡ

ȫ꾩˭˲֪λж󣬼Ȩı˽˵ʲôأ
ţ̸ͬŮ˳ƹƼͷ࣬ʣƹʶλˣòˮܽأҲ֪ļҴ˺øȢλŮ

ò˵֣˵ĸоһģȴ־סẮ

ƹǵãλӵûȢ׵ģ檶û˵һλ
һλСӵݱԶ׼

ӵܣ͵ҲʲôƹС񾲣Ļ˵֣ϧҡҡͷ֪ļӣСÿսӿʵǼǲס
ʱͬƽ¡ӵЩˣѰ˸ֱߵˮ̯ӣҪ𻨺춹ۡ

ǽģ֪ʱŸŴֲɣһģϻòͨ
ɩɩЩɵ

ƽະɩɩһԻ
ף׳ʵԼһ˲̵ţ

ţͷڨڨ㰡ɩɩ㴩ѣҶˡ
ƽʶ꣬

λ㰲վͬɩɩͺá
ţô꾩ˣ

֪ܽݴ˾ټ˹Ӽ࣬һֱ꾩ˣɩɩҲ꾩
ţ꾩а֮ãӼڷǸ磬಻ǵϪڼɩɩ

ֻ֪޸£ѶɩɩһȥѰ˼£Ҳ淢ʲô£Ժţû˼ű˵棬޸
ţЩӣ޸ѾҵˡҲû˵̫࣬£ЩĽ

ӺţУŵ֪ԭǰǰй֪Ϊд˾ټ飬úţлӼ顣
꾩ܴɩɩҲûʲôܰﵽģáѽյһ˳˹ȥ

ţճ鷻ӻΪͬ׫Щ㻨Ǯǽڼ
ͻȻóôһӣԾܾ޹»ɩɩҲա

Ҳ࣬ӦЩƽտĸҲûշǡ
ǰͬɩɩá治ա

G˵λСôô
ٿأƮƮһڼ˶ߡ

֮ǰīĸүһ˲æñִ˻ȥ
ţɻ󣬲֪˵˭

λӣǲ죬ˮԱλá಻ϲ˲һҲӵܵļӸС
ڹСӻһ㶼أĨ˰Ѻ

̫Ӳգ¶ϲɫŤԱߵĿϣ˼ˮ
ʱ̫Ťң£ķ֪кµļ⣿

಻ͬţ˼䣬סˡ
ʱţУ䲻˵˾䣬֪£ѧļʦĸѧʿ֪ͬǾʶ

ţһ״λڣºĹӣɻǺˣ
̫ӹǳЦ˿Ĺ𻨷ۣŻ˴˵֮أͬȥ¥С

*

ҹ¶¹֦ͷ
СլԺ

ҹ磬ԺСͤϵĻҡҷ
ഩżӵĲǰԼ˱ơ

ҹѲ磬Ҫǰ֪һ

ʹҪȺ֣ͬ¸ʫ
ƳЩţӦҲһ˵İɡ

ȻûС

ˣ˶ЩˣȥѲһȣٳһЩɡ˵ţأԸԼһֱ߷ŵģĹ𻨾ơ
ӣô˾ơɫȻСʡ

ƣãܡ
ߣȥȲˡһ·߿ʣûô

ҡͷǰүǻôýղǲ֪һӺõȡ
үʲôݣǽչҲδ֪һǶ˵㣬ӺһЩ˾ʲôˡ

š

һͷʹŴޱײţȺֿ·
̧ͷɫǲ磬üʣүôôࣿ

ʥ磬Ǿͬ֡Ǽϼһز¶ַͬҳ˲١
ǻظȥԺСš

տѽڣشʱԺλذɡ
ظȥԺԺ󶼲ȥˡ

ЩЦֻǾƺ֮ԣ漴޲Ҵȥ

һͷͬǺȶ˵뽿ƽһһƽϣεδͣ
ӦֵСլԶԶͥԺڴʧ䣬ٵƣ˵ķơ

ǰġ
ȥǰӲҪСүͶԼĶӡ

Ѿʡ£ӦԾԺڣ̲Ĳţҡβ˹ȥ
ԣղ档

๷ͷѾ߻ݣʱ֧ӣһžƺµ
Һ˳ž£ʪǰһƬ

ӦüȥѰ˼ӣá
˭֪һȥСһ˵ء

ȣ˫շ죬ŷ۴ǻžݣʪĲ£һƬʵĺ鲨
Ӧһæߡ

ô⸱ӣֲǰСүϪӲմơ
㣬ˣԺ̫ȥòãӦţʱơš

㱳Ұɡഹף䲻ðһ䡣
áӦƹѾ׼Ҫˣ㱳ȥס

һŨľϢЩ𻨵
֪˶١

ԺĻ԰ίʵС߽һƬʱͻȻ˾䣬СӦ
ţ

û
չ磬Сүȥˡ

֪˵СϸƮƮĲϣͷƤһ
Ϊ£ŹԼü

ΪִŵظţڸԼϾƵġ
ûǲһûС

ӷţͱһɾɬ̡
ǰӲں޵ġ

ãչȫ԰޵ϣƾϲ£ǣűӡ
ʱȴȫһˡ

һıڰգϲȥ²
ʣ롣

ǵݣ̫
ļƻ

ͷԼʧء

ٿأӦһƬʪЩ޴㣬𣿡
ͷ°͵󾱣ܵҡҡͷ

СӦҺˣô죿䣬һŻ
Ӧһ飬һͷĵð˳

㣬¡ҷȥ֡
һ˲䣬ܿһģڼžҹɫ֮С

ãȥ㶼Ҫθ³ˡ
ͣ¡

Ǳĵڵأ
԰ܴ󣬽ҹ˿أĿ֣ҲլԺ֮С

Ӧûޡ
ֻǽգһ޵ĺ޷

ġһ֧۵֦
ӦãȻ޴룬ֻûסͷţˣˡ

޵ģӦ֪ΪԼƺʧ̬ޡ
ΪǸûˡ

꾩Ҵˮ価һҹ붬
գ޽˸ҪһԶţǰüͷأ˾䡣

ԭһ󲡡
˵ҪͬҽǸ˵ôԴöȲϣ˾ѲЩҲô

üͷһšΪεүҵġ
´й£ҲҪ𡣡޻䣬ŭ⣬漴Ҵȥ

أԳ̾λҪθƽͣͷ̲סۡ

붬ʱӦϹү£ǰһշ
ڶҹ֮£ĵһ£ȥԺ̽ࡣ

ʱ˺ûƹҲҩһֱû
ݵģӦҹɫԺУԶڶ϶΢Ŀ

ɵüӿŲŽȥ޵£һϮѩµ죬ȸͣ
Ӧ˱ˮݹȥ

˲˿ϸĽëǺĳ򣬶ͣ
ӦͫһŷǸʲôģ

ö˶˵һˣ£ֻ͵֣ǽڷֻʣƤǡ
һ²ôˣ

һŭȻ֮УǿѹţСˮٺЩ󣬰齱ߣʣ㣬Ĳôûã
ǻֻشβһСС˺

ǲ˿㣿Ӧºͣȭͷ߬
ŴԺ£öˣúõһ˻˿ֻ¶Ѱ͡
ǣƽҺܺã԰ԴöһֱȱԼԲʲôȿȡ

ôԲ£θˡ˵˵ţۿ
Ӧ뵽ʱĴѹͷ˵С

࿴굣ˣ̧մźķ䣬룬ҾʵûʲôθڡһֱÿΪһβҲûʲôá
ƽճԵĶģҩﰾģ

ǽƽտŤҪߣæҪסȴ˸գȥ
ӦŵøϽ˭֪ͻȻסӣȥ

֪⸱糾͵ģǸճԶŻ  
ҹ϶͵͵ġ

ҩ룬ţȥʣµĳʳҲȥ
Χ˶ҺܺãẦҡ

Ҳô
Ӧ䲻ʳڣ仰Ρ

Խˡ

ĬƬ̣СӦ㻹ǵ㵱ͬҽǼô˵ڸı⣬㻹Ըгŵ𣿡

ӦһĬȻס
൭ȻһЦǺãؼˡ






44.  044޶棩   ҡ

ӦӦ, ؼҺǿǿԼʼúóԷúóҩ
, ´߼Ȧˡ

࿿ڴ߶ӵİο, ֪, һ׼ǽΪģȥʻĲ鵽Ρ
Щ, ̸ĲУֻ˵һ仰

ҩõĶ, ԼҪȬһȬġ

֪
ⳡ, õĲ

ֻҪԼĿڴȴ, ͸͸, ġ

Ĩ, ֻŰǳæƤ멸, һ㺮
ôִپ´, ȥΪ, һȥ԰䡣

ȥ԰̫, Ҿ򿪴͸͸ͺá
ʮµ꾩, Ǻ衣

뿪ֵԼٴܺ, ýΪ˼£ּ˸Ƥ멣Ŵ򿪴
Ժæǰæľޱ

ƽͣǴŴ󻧳£಻ɵ뵽ԼһްǼ˾ɵģƴһĳġ
ȨƶĲࡣ

ʱԼʳû

ϵʱ䣬԰Ľȫлˡ
ӰӶû

ÿЩ
Ҫؼˡ

ݶһգ꾩ѩ
ѵ˸磬װع鲻㻻˼ʵ·׼ݴ̲ȥ

ԷЩǰȣݵƤͷ
ڣѾˡ

¸ԵĲ˺̲סҪԼ
ճݣܹԺţǱ˴ˡ

üͷӭǰϸʣ˵̲˷ںԺǲ˴һ̣Ǳ͵ͳ̶ֶ
˲ϱģȫͻȻܵĺܿ죬һ·ȥԺںһһߺ

̲ѪѩУһĻ׼ŭࡣ

´˿ڣͬһ̸ʲôܹȥסǸ߬ȾѪ̴ӣŭΪҪ̲ˣн˭ģ
¼۵δ˵ʲô

һԵ۵ŽŹײˣΣգӼȻܲסǾֻǰæܽˡ

γײҧ˻ŵˣŹǣӣʽ̲ôײģ
һＲرţһ룬͵ĿҪǻӶȿƵġ

ųµڣС˾ҡ
ʱҲ˹޵Ľֻӣ϶һȥͬ˵

ҲȥΪΪʲôҪ̲ˣҪ
ӣǶ˵ˣĹײ˽㣬ҪǷ裬Ҳߵ治ǣҶˣ˭˭һȣ

̴ӷ˸ֽۣһƿ

һƬֽ˳ȥļڵء

ߣǻݡŽߣŤһ˲䣬ĴӽϿԵЦ⡣
ǹġ

Ҫ׷ȥۣκֿӣ۽鱻ϸСˮѩϣ䦿һƬ
ĽƼ״һѲסȰοˣͬһݰɡ

ܾûôˣȵ̫˶ֱǿдȥˡ
Ըͣæȥ򣬽ΪЩˮݿһҩûмãһſڴ

޵ģȴƲס
벻ףЩΪʲôҪ̲ˡ

Ϊ⹷ô
ǽƣ˴ζҪȵ

ݡ֨ѽһ߽ˡ
Ϊǽǣûᡣ

һѹЩ棬Ϣܲܵס
ŷڴϵ˼ͷ΢˫ۺףޱȳ죬ûãһʹѹˬ

ͻȻԼ֮ǰίȫ˳һжֵõġ
뿴Ůʹ飬Ц˵ĳ졣

ôġ
ɨ֪Ǳֹ̤Ժġ

˵ѰɣСүûˣΪԼסԺլŮô
һ֪ΪСүͻȻСլ˰ɣƽǶô˵ģ˵үæֻʲô

༴ס⣬ɫһ䣺ʲô˼
һʲô˼Щˣλүûãʥϱּͻ飬ƽҵضָүˣɲʡˡ

ˣûмޣƽвЩʧ䡣
ô£ôͲ޲ˣ

أ˿˵ǻ֪ض˭ɣҲǣһ帾ŵɫүĴҲͦ׵ġλضӿǺС㣬˾꾩ڵĸŹŮĽˮ飬˵ʵݣһԹδŮˣ˵ˣӰ˵ˣүùң˵ˣǸ.֣겻Ҫû

Դɵ˼˭ָ˵ҶǼСүģΪ˶һΪ˸λãֶΣҲ֪˻ΣɱҵĹ۸ҵˣΪȫô
ЦЦǲʲôʲôأ

е㷢飬Ϊͼһʱڿ죬Ժ
˵ûʧˣպСүҪ˾飬սУôԽݣܱסԼô

ɫһףԷɫһɺϣһԵؼβˡ

ľ۵һʱɿ֣߬ѹסһðаͷ
ôһ˲䣬˺

һƨϣһƬհס

˵Ҫˡ
ʵ۴ͻ£ûʮģڳո¶ͷǣʵ۴ͻҫ㲻ҪҲС

Ϊʲô²ô

֪ΪΣϢྐྵһظĸо
ƽ£ϵûٿˡ

ƽ֪Ϊ̲˵ѹҩιº󣬱һ̺
ɫƽƲʹ֮⣬ҲкúóԷ˱Щˡ

ǰˣ˰̲˺Ժй£ֿο˽񼸾䣬˯ˡ

ҹӦڶ
໻ɫȹڵԼȥɫһЩ

ʱ䣬Ӧÿʱ̽
֪Լ

Ҳ֮ǰܻ¡
ڣˡ

ӦӻͳƤֽСĴ򿪣ĸ㲢ûѹ¶һ˿ҵЦæ˹ȥϲԵĽ׸⣬Ⱥأ쳢
á༷˸Цݣҧ˿ڣӦӣһԣĸ㣬ӻͳһӣЦ鷻ϲǸдģȥƶɡ

£ţϲߣллСӦ
ҹŴ򾲣ӦƳ۾Щףٸо㲻Ծ

޹ˡ
ҪʣͻȻС˵СӦ̲ˡ

Ӧһ˾䣺㣬ڰ

ǿǳǳЦʱ㣬Һȡ

˵ţ˳۽ǣ¡

ɬЦ£ʲôľ
Ӧ֪

˹һɳӣʲô˵

ΪԼѾеᶼˣڿֿˡ
̲סԹԼΪʲôһ뵽̲ʱ״ͿƲס

ҿǸӣýưԺĹ£Ҳǻؼ˰ɡ
֪ģǼһúܴĹ

ҽϪʱôСҵʱ˵ҵޣһھͻȥʳˡ

ֻһܻؼˡ

Ӧ֪λӦĬĬǰŮڻûһ˿

ֻԼûһ̲˵
̲ˣҲѹ

ãϸļͷ
ʱʱҲļͷ

뿪̫ãҪѪ֮ҵĸˡ

ڣˡ
ʱȥ㡱ˡ

һ̣ӦǰδеΣЩпʵѻԺҪˡ
ЩʵͶںһ䰲οĻ˵

˵ֻƭ

ΪЩ£Ե״˵Գ׽ѹ塣

֪˶ãӦֹס˳ҭСʣСӦߣ˶Բԡ
š

Сү߸ڴ󲿷ˣȥݲ鰸
֮ǰһΡ

ס
Ӧ֪Ҫ˵үǲġ

ֺαֿԡ
µ䣬ѵʵô

ڲܳҲҲֻðһᣬͺá
óһֽ

Ӧֽдֺ󣬴Ӧ£ҿүҲ֤ү
ģһᡣ

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գ˸硣
һ̲˵ǿùǰո

ơ񡢻̲һĻ
ڽĽƼһĻǷǳھΣ͵͵һ

ճɣúóԷú˯һҹ䣬ͻȻָֻǸ˵Цࡣ
һֱĽƽԷſЩġ

һգû
ڶգɫĶװ־ýΪ˸ױԼɫźЩˡ

ҹƮ˴ѩ

ã͵ҹѾΪ޲ʱ
ˡ

޹һˣӴæ꣬Ӹһ·߽԰ֱŽݡ

˸ߴ󣬲ܳûţ֪

²ӦøմӴ¸ֵŹٷɢԿĺһʱһ꾩ʱģ
ŶˣһޣںԺ

÷УԶԶѩԥҪҪǰʱ˿

ˣѪΧĻѩȾ죬ɿüһɡ
ͷ˵ıӣѪɱⲻ

һֱǵǸ
ԥվǣǰֱȥŸҹȥ

ʱӦûûʧ䡣

䱸ɣĮ
˸ЦʶһѹͲڵˡ

꾩ദʱգ޸һ˻䣬ʵᡣ
ǵǸޡ

ջ˼ӯӯЦˡ
š޿Цţһģ·ʲôûƵġ

Ҳȷʲôû
һ

׿´С֣ݵĹǽڷ

ѩ޵Ĵ멣ů¯Ե¼ϡ
ҪҪЩģ÷֣ġ

ûܾĻᣬ˵仰ʱѾӭź߳ȥˡ
Ƭ̣űõĲˮĻСú˵ġ

ЩѾͺáûͷûβ˵˾䡣
ұҲ߹˶١

һֵԼԸģ㳢
ѴɸǴ򿪣Ƶֱߡ

ֻǸţû

һ飬УԹԵˮΪԼһ衣
ͦóԵģ㲻𣿡

ˡ

ûжü۴ЦԺԵĶ֣ĺϸ
üͷǳԡ

࿴治ԼЩȥһԵȡһӣ﷭
һʱ䣬žѩҹΨķըֳĶ

ֵÿһҹһԼ£ȥ

ʱֱߵ裬ȥ


ˡ
Ҫˣ

š
ȥ£̼𿾹ůڵġ

ΪϣߵǰϸϸΪϵ
޴ۿ׵Сϣһë

ʹ¡
ָϵĶһͣһ̣úܽ޵۾ֻһ˵Ӱ

һŴӵһμ棬Ϊ֮Ķ꣬ɾûǺܺÿ
üۣգ꣬򢣬ˮĺÿҲĮĺÿ

ᣬѰ³µĳ죬гͬ˵ĳȺ侲

һ̹úܿ죬ָճǸë

ж
šѴӵβϵã˰벽

ŤҪߣǰͻȻҹӱء
ͣ£׿ڲԶС浾º͵Цš

һݺӵͷԺУʱǡ
ȭͷɫ£˵ǰʱʥϴͻԹƽؼҡ

֪Цɣûκα˻߾ȵĬƬ̣ʣӿĸԸ
ʥ϶ͣΥּ⣬ҶԷԺգպڳϵ档

ʵǡӿԸ⣿
ǵģԸ⡣ûһ˿ԥ񵱳ûһ˿ԥĴӦʥϴͻһ

ԴӶ£ĸףʥϣؼңԴϲ

õһŻ£ƾʲôԸ⣿
ʲôʸԸ⣿

ţҶˡ
໰ƽ͵޾Щ̶

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Ĳѹûá

֣ʧȥ
ǰȥ˻ȥϸ˱ˮݹȥ

Ϣɣˡ
ȵȡסƤһǡ

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Ҫ˵ͻȻ˵ȢؼҶӣһ븮

Ժ˵һ˫Բɿ߬멵֣˰벽ҪΪ檣
סû뵽檡ֻô˵ڡ

ҵݣ븮Ҳɡ
۾һһʣУû˷ŵС⡣

㲻ԷƱ󣬸ĸײ㣬ˡ

̲סЦ⻰ӵ¿нÿЦôӵ²ṳ̂ԺͿԴҡڵ߽ڿҵҪȢ֮£ҵ̲ˣҲǻˡ
ᵽ̲ˣʧˣһϢ䣬˳ǣʪһƬ½

һҶζң֪ƾʲô֤ˣ
üͷһѹüͷһ¡

ֲ̧˲ۣǶߵӣԴԴϵشۿ¡
Ųޡ

ٿأͻȻԷס

޵Ŀڳͣ൱޳·øһµشĿƵģҪʹȥ
ŤҧĨᡣ

ֲڵĶŪֳۣסӣ
࣬ҵޡҿ㣬պԹڣһԴöȲ䡭

ķһƣǻƺʲôˡ
ҸϡʲôԹ檣İɡ

Ц㲻ϡݣҲô

۵׽
ޣҵʼֻаޣûаϵ

ٿغۣ࣬࣬Ҿǰޣһְˡ

㲻΢΢δ

ҵķ˽Ҵϡ̲Ҳˣֻʣһˡ

ɫΪ/˭أѲǰô
˶ÿһ䣬ͱĿڡ

Ļʱڱѩ֮С

򢣬Ӹµؿ࣬ǵôһҹȹҵġ
ʧЦţ˲壬ϳɰޣҵĴ

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ͬ޵Ļ£˽°ģûлҲûлԶвԣ߰ɡ

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ƣǵظ߳

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޶Ȼһһ˲ѾĲ֮ϡ

ûеֻֿǳǳһЦ֪仰ʹӵ½ˡ
һĿУſɬ

ԺһƬңȻǰһ䣬ֿ˿һģ

ߺһֱЦ˵üͷβʱҲһֱЦŵġ
ģɰģɬġ

ӲӲǡ
಻ӦñԴ

һЩģİļ䣬ӿиˣһֱȥȫܿơ
ţԼȥЩ

µ˽룬ǻ͵ɿֵ֣࣬ĵһգҾδߣִԲ಻飬Ȼʶ̧٣ԸԹһһɣ
˦仰ȥ

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յ꾩ĺ䡣

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̥ҶЩ˯һԵĳԼ˽ź

ʱЦĻصڣ԰ϵĽЦ˵벻ԺЦ
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ŽţЩ˵ҹȥ˹ԺԺֵĺò죬źء
һʱ˾ͷ²ʣͬϸ˵˵ˬЩʹ졣

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С/˲ԼʲôݣҸӴ󺰴֣ƲƲ졣
ǣ˵ǸģҲԼЩɫ

Щɫüͷһֵ̧³ţú˵ÿҺÿ
ȻǷ˺ÿ˺ÿǵȻɫϧƵġ

⻹࣬ȹЩʱգʧ˳裬ܸܲ˵ȥ
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ˣãȻôһ£

վ˰ε׽˶Իһһʮ˸˿Ըȥ֪ߵغ/£ֱӷ
ԺһԵĳ˹ȥ̽һң

ڳܼңԹݲˣձȥ
죬ûع۳ŽſߣǴվŵӿ졣

Թõӡ
Ӧʱæˣǲʲô᣿С˺Թ겻

ǣһ겻ڱӣūŵ겻
ӣãȻף૵ӣǸ/Ҳӣ

δ䣬Žֱžžӣȵ˶
Ķܹίֱӡۡһ˳

޸ұ죡
ȳ˵꣬Ѿߡ

ˣһ棬ҳҵѪһ档һ߿һ߷˷ƵĿͷģѾ֪ʲô취ˡ
ܼҷңӵĹʱô޲£㣬Ҿû֡

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˵գ״߳ţӵӷԸˣر֤뿪Ҫŵġ
ǸһԪЦ˻˷ģ˵ҲɶнԪǱߵūģ͹ȥǡʵġ

ô㿴Ű죬Ǹôӿ£˱ͳ
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ˣ߰ɣء
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֮⣬һ֮ǰźʩʩĻֽ
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Ѿ˲ϲʹӻȡһСɰС
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45.  045޶棩   ҡ

еŽҪϵһ, δ˯úܳ
ת֪Σÿÿðиεץ뿪  

һμ, ֯۵, ӿС
μ䷢ʱǬԪʮ

ռ޲ʮա
Ǹʱ, ޻û֣󲿷ʱ䶼ԴϢ

ùеҩ, Ǵ˻
ϧӣȻˣһֱ޷

ǰֻһ, ЩҰӵ油»ǿͻȻ˸໴Ĵһ, ֻȥԶߵĵطȥѰԵġ
һ߾һ졣

ĳհ, ̤ϼ, һӹӻ, սԺŶ㿴ѩһƬƬѪ
, , ľ˽ȥ

˭֪һ, 棬ͻȻġࡱ
Ǹ˴żͺԲ, ڵ, ǲסķ϶¶Ű߲˺ۡ

ŸʲôȣԵ͡
㡭

ԷƺԼСĿ, ɵøе
ԡ̧ۼٿ˭֪ɼ߲

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൹ûʲôӦߵϸӹϡ

˵ˣһëͻȻ浽׷ʲô
šףպ͸ˣлȡ

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ʵվͳҰƽɻĹ̫٣²ԣһֱٳԡ
ԳԲǳ¡

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е

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ٿأ価ͷ춯
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ˡ

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¹ȥ羪ȥš
޽β˦ةۣ龩

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檳ȺؼĻʺ  

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ڶѪȾ͸ˡ
ǲɾ

ޣ֪ô죬˭һжǼٵġ
һ̣˺Լ֪Ҫôˡ

ܰƽļ䣬˿̵ľһش̽Ƥ⣬סࡣ
ÿһʹԸӡ

ܷҪȥ򣬴ؼҡ
ԸôǾ꾩

ҪϪ壬͸һũ
ʲôȨͨͨҪһ뿪Ϫǰŵ

֪Ķһɾ͵멻ϣŷѩҴʧѩ֮С

ĺɫʱ֣꾩ܰϡ
ѩУ䣬޲ע⵽и˫۷죬Ƿ˰㣬ȣڴС֮䣬ҰҽݽյĴš

ݺݴţԷţȴûһᡣ
ʱ˿̣ǧնڼ׼´һ͡

ʱغԶһ
ӣҸˣưɡ

򻺻ʻ
ȴͻȻسǰ

۴µһ̣ͻȻŤҪߡ
غǰ벽ӡȥĶ

ɫȻô䣬ˣҪȴؼҡ
̧ڴ멱أĵһͷȥ

غסû
ڿ־塣

Сү۽ס
³ʱһƳͿŮѾСϣѪǺڵġ

Ǿ綾

޿ͣ岽ĵط
˫緢򣬽վͲˡ

ΪβĴ򣬼֪һ޼䰮˵жôѡ
յһֱΪĵ

ջӱǻСүһΪ

ԽԽҪһ˵ѡ
۲ɣ׵СүڰѾˡ

µһ̣ǻǿŵǿģˡ
ۡһҲܲסһѪ






47.  047޶棩   ҡ

ޱϢѪ, ״̫ã񱻻ιҩһһξС

СԺľŻûãӦǸհϪûõ¡

¹ؼ, ͬ, ٿ, Ӵ˴첲Ӹ, ǲҰŻˡ
˳Żӵ߿ԼҳƮŵỤ̃ͫһ飬˦ϸصĹ߱ϡ

ѱڽʱ, Сڣ۵
ޡء

δ˵һ𱸵Ļ, Žż, һ§, ޵滨ꡣ
һ, ǰ𱸶˵ˡ§İţ˲, ûƲ, Ҳûջʲô´ǵһŪ, ԡ

Щί, Ϲϼ, ŷ
ף˫ָ˶ԣС, ҲһֱʲôѽַھǶ¸ء

ҲȥЩ̨ûù۵׺Цëëķ䣬ʲô£һҪҪˡ
䣬Сצ͵꣬ޣ˵ЩûңҲúõġ

޼ӶСͷһ̸֮£ɰ
̲סϡ

£أϸ΢̶϶ֱǵЩſͣ¡

㡭Ҳడ½󣬼걻ķڣŴŴ
ʲôģʱ㲻ҲûôһģΪɾˡ˵ţ̧Ϊ˲䣬ȴСΣ㻹Ϲ˵ʲôء

޹һЦԼ壬ŤҪߣסӣοţѧЩʲôŽַѧЩŮ죬ʲôĻǽҰɡ

ţһܲѵӰɡ
Ȼϣ͵͵ָСʱЩꡣ

۵ץҪϼ飬ȴͻȻ֡
ûµҲۣѧѧͲԼˡһЦӳů⣬ͣ·ڷο

һ̣޻лִӿ·ʧΪӣΪһѧϰ˼¡
֪ģҲѧúһĺܺá

Եȣܳ
ɳģ᲻ĸԸչһӡ

ޡɽüͷǳǳһЦͻȻֱӣùĶͷ˶򢣬һֺֻõèŴŴŽΪҵģû
һӾˡ

࡭
ſ֣Ҫʱֻһ

ۣһʱЩԷֿξʵ  
ʧͷϤĴᣣʪοߣŤ

ʶʵҵѡٴαۡ

үˡ  
һԵ̽СĴޡ

ϵѾû۴׵ˣܸһЩߵҩİĪˡ

ס˷Ǿ仰֪˵Щʲô
ƺ˵ʲôǴġ

ʶʮ꣬ǰԡѪɱУüͷһµˣŴоѣȫš
ԺΨһĴʡ

֮ʱڱ߻ϵػӵ֡
ˣľһ

ģľȻĶ˶Լûע⵽ڷ
ƫɽƽźšϴһþ䣬´̼

ţĺܺãϲྻ
˵ţƽüͷ

ûǸҲҪÿӲӵ£̫Ӧֻö鷳ΪսྻӣЩƤķӺ
뵽Щ޵۾ɬѵ̫Ѩһʹ

Сźˣѡһؾ·ϣϴ׵֪һǡ
ү

˵ΪΣͷðһɬ
ˣ֪᲻Ỷϲ

ǲİɡ
Ҳ֪Ϊô롣

ȥɣһ˴޲ٶԣŤ¡
ʱľضˡ

յĴ棬֪ѾصСլ
ǹ԰ԡ

ɹĵطżŵĹ
ġ

һԵС׿ͷϲġ
ȥݣŵġ

ͷקû¶ȡ
ֻԹĵСҳ֮СذɫģŤŽ

һ˲ĬȻǰȡֻڻҡ

ֻıͷĺࡣ


ɵ͵͵˶ٴΣϵֻأ

Ѿȡֻųζ
ְǼֻ˹ϸ΢Ĵע⡣

治ϣֽ

ֲһֻҡ
һСֽŹãд֡

һ
֣

ˣ˵úءҲ㱻ȼˣԺˣ°ź

ͻȻղˣﺰҵ֣ޡ  
ޣɡ

Ժ￴ˣͦ˧ģͷпͺˣ֮ǰСקǿ飬ͺͷޡ

˵Ҫȥޣİ

ֲһҡ

˵ĵģʵ˰ɣС۵ޡ
һʱ嶯ǹˣǼ߳ޡ

챻.̬ܣˣǺ˧ޡ

ȥ·Ʋˣȥ˺ܶ·ҡ
ǳµޡ

ʱҲͦ˵ġ
Щ̫ԾһҪǾȳȥ

һߣΪʲôأǲϲң
ʵ޳Ƣã˻ͦõģϴףˡ

ޡ


һһŵĿţֱһҡ

ص꾩ˣ᲻
ˣǰҹˣҲ°ɡ

Ҳˣܡ

ۣһ֮ԼҪֲȥˡ
ΪʲôңѵֵÿÿҹǼٵ𣿡

ޣܲңҵĲͻˡ

ԭҪˣҾǸЦ
һ࣬һ᡿

̲ˡ
Ҫˣθ飬

һŵֽƬɢڴϣһŵĿ䡣
۾ȫסʵڿȥˡ

ϣԼһšϥ֮䣬Ĵڴ

һĵεζ¼ǵãǵһδӽϿЩ£Ǹһһϲŭ֡
еɱķŴѹЩӲϸ֦ĩڱһ̣Ĵ̳˴⬣ÿһκǼµĥ

֮ǰݵÿһ
ɵΪԼ£ᷢʱὲֿʲô˼ĻӣֻլʲôлҲ԰档

ǺСĵͬԼÿμʱܻ὿Ļһү
ż׽͵ԼˮٵɫУֻһ˵ļӰ

ÿÿ㣬ıֹ

Թ龩һҹȥ˹԰
ֵͬÿһһ԰صԼȥ

ȥһ˲ഽ΢΢Ȼڲصúܿ죬Ǳ׽ˡ
ﲻֹаޣҲ  

ҹһźɫС¶񾲵Ц˳Ļү
ܶ˶ƺţһϲǧ˰ٱ飬ֻ䣬ǹ

ʱ룬һƽķޣӦҲ൱˳졣

ԺУʼͬһҹҹĵγ
ҪߵģȴֲɿƵҪȥԡʱѾ׼õƷˡ

˵ģļݡ
һڱ֪΢ĿζһרŸģΪ֮ǰΣԼϲʳ

ļסϲá
Լȴ

ϸ΢ů⣬ܿȥˡ
Ӳ¡

֮Ϊʸͷãʱˡ
˵ȥñһɲǣȽԭأ߲ˡ

Ϩµһ˲ǰȴͻȻֻʵĸ׵Ļ񣬴ĸһңԼҶǸ
ǸʱŶ

ꡣ
һգƽ԰ĳС

֮ŸƽĻʵ۱¾ڴ齱ϣ߬֡
УԼַ֣ǳѹĻҶ

Ųƣʲôǲڡ
ʲǲǽдˡ

ڶ߷ĸһȥ¡
ֻܻ޴ţȽ̵ʵ

˼ҪסͬԼвɱĸ֮𣡡  
ԼһղҸӱһղðҪǵݳޣ

߳ŵģֻгޡ
һδʪͷ

һڹа£ǸȰĻʵͻȻԼ
ްﱻһСźţҹ̽һʹûмסĸġ

סˡ
ԼҲ졣

Сֹ  
˵ǲġ

һպ㽫ԼĴᣬһпֹ

ҲûᣬѩУ֮ʱ
еİޣѾǬԪʢġ

޿ԼӶʱļоѣȻӴڴŴ

ҹȻʶġޡȻֻˡ
һУΪĴڡ

ᣬעĽŲ

ô꣬븸ʵĿŬţۿǻѳԭ֮ơ
Լʧܡ

ɫ£˾

޿ȥ

˼֪ʱȻӣǶѪ⡣  
ʧء

ѡ뿪

ԴǱ˹ɳӣġ
ȥˡ

ȴֲԿء
ʱ˿̣ںĺ󾱣ǿѹ̲ˮС

Ժлһת
лյޡֽһա

˿Ǹˣǰ档

δӵֽһ綼ܰ

ۿվǰǰǿѹſԵĳ嶯ʣޣǲҪˡ

ˮ䣬Ŀʹ
˵ǣһֻһΪޡ

һͷȴشǣʥϴͻ顣

ԸԸ⡣
ʱɫдŽɫ

֪ԼҪҡˡ
ɻеԼǺĻġ

ǵģԸ⡣

һ˲޻ˡ
ΪʲôҪô˵ΪʲôҪô̵ĶԴ

£֪ѹͷһݡ
޾Ŀеࡣ

޲ֻܳĿʹ
ͼԼجа롣

ܣԼԼҴ󣬰һ檣Σ
ĸһ

һҹ
ǵȴ޶ޡ

ǿƲᡣ  

һĻĻľ鳹׻ޣ˻ȴ޷ξ

޵Ǹʲô˰


ߣͷǸץߡ

ǰת޿̫˽լǸͤ

ҪҪ
޿ѡ

׳Ǹ⡣  
С㣬ֻܻһѡ˭

ѡ࣡  
ѡ࣡

һΣ޺ԥĺ֡
ȴֻԼ侲ѡС㡣

ǵġ
ѹͲϲǸؼҶӣĻûƹҪȻϲǼٵضӡ

ѡضӣΪ¡
һ֣ȻΪѡࡣ

һѡ࣬Ǳζͬ⡣ˣŹġ

ûҪࡣ

δ
ġ

ʼգֻȥ
ʱĽǶͬǷǱѰĹϵҲ᲻

ֱľϣ۵׵Ȼ
ӲŵˣǸȨƿأԼ˶޷Ƶľżˡ

Ĵ
Ϳˡ

޼ڵ״̬ܿޣҲܶ
еıʹѻһ

ѹ
ֻܿͬеٴξ

ѪĴʳƽ˵ҲޣĲ
±ӣǻǱˡ

ÿһ֣˽ݺʿǻķѹ
Ҳܲס˿̵ʹ࣬Ӽг

£Ŀߵֽҡ
֪ôˣĲ֪˺Լ֪ЩʲôȥֲһС

ʧޣΪʹ˫ۡ
һۣ㿴ǰһϢĿǻڶߡ

ȫţһȭһȭԼĿڡ

һֱף춯
ȥʱ޿ȵǰѪ

үʲô
ʲôˣţٴ͵ؿǻķš

׼ֿʼѪæүˣ˵ķᣬ̫˵˷ϴϣҪȥô
䣬ûײѪһѪײײ˳ȥ

ȼԼԼŮӱʹĿ׳֪̾Ѿͷô̲סģֻøȥƫ

ƿţ棬ɵô˸¡
ſڵҶ̶̵һ·ÿһߵļޱȡ

ƹ磬˰˯ڴϵࡣ
ʬѪģģ֧ģ󶼲Ŀ

ȴһ޶ˡ
ƽױڸס˱ʴѪ죬·ֻڰ˯һ㡣

һΣȴҿ

°ɣ𳳵ӡ˵ţԴһ㣬ͻѰ㡣

ơ̧ĨĨᣬ໥
뿪ʱСүģԥƬ̣ûᵽԺڹµľϻ

޻ߵ齱£ܿ
֣ıѩء

һ̣Ѫʵ
뿪ˡ

һεεĹ¡
׹ֱϡ

ʱޱӿʼ࣬һ߻ҡ

ڻĽƼ״ۿ˲ʪˡ
վһԣү

ǶȥɣҺͷҪˡ
˹ŵһ˲̲ס޳

޹غţһ֮
౧ش࣬ΪͷһĽǶȡ

Ҳȥ
ĦС֣һʱÿһ졣

һʼľܾϰߣû̫õʱ䡣
˳ģûһΣ

࣬Ⱦˡ
Ź¡

ΪˡʰΣһ̾Ϣ
û㣬ôί

֪÷԰ĵһ棬ҾͲ㡣֪𣬻һ˳鷿һ켴㣬Ҳ޷֡
ָ̧֣ԼĿڣϧˣĿ͸ҵ⡣װ̫ĳޡ

ֻиһҲܴһ

ˣǾ񣬶ѩˣòã
ǵϴԺѵѩҶѵô㶼˵ÿ

ҵʱ룬ҵôôɵɵĺܿɰػһӡ

ŶˣܣʵǵǳˣĺѳԣĸԸһӡ

ⱲӿܲˣҰˣ͸ˡ
Ƿġ

±ӣɣҲɷֻҪܿ㣬ػͺˡ

һΡ޾ʳԡ
ƬĴꡣ

ϣմ϶һ뿪
ڻС

࣬λٵȵȡ
Ϊһһ˹µ·





48.  048޶棩   ҡ


, һⳡѩҹ֮ʱﶥ塣

ͨȻ
Ȧ֮, ееĻ, ˿δĻӰ졣

, Ѿһʱˡ

ָʱʱĵŷϵĵģһµ, ƺڵȴʲô
ʱڹŷѩ߽Уϵѩ, ȥŽڵ

ڹٴףָŸɺԵѪ, ָͷٵ, , ˽լѴ׵
΢̧, ڹ٣Ǿƻģ

صµĻ, 𲶾ԭǴӺó, а٣˽լµ˶º, Ѷлġ
ڹʵ˵, նɱ˽լ, ̫ӵµȷ̫嶯Щ

λķͷʢڶԷ֪˽լ»ڣֻ»ˡ
˽լΪ, ֻλӲáʥϣҲѰ˿˽լµϵ

ĬΣ˻֣ʾ£֪ˣ°ɡ

£ҹˣ壬Ϣˡ
ŻС˵ҹҪΪ顣

գڹ⵽ŵģΪλĻ
£ū˵һԽĻ²ΪŮʧǻʺ֪

ĵŮˣһȥڹ˲ڲԣǹߵˣ֪ԽѳֻһΣ²Ϊ
º͵̫Ӵʱȴͬķѩһ˪

ڹٲٶԣ׹
ū֪ūˡ

ڹٹϵŵһ˲ڴһѵľ졣

һҹ˵
طѩӣͬغһҹûһ̸ۡ

Ժ˭ˣүҹǷģ
˭뵽ТΪȵСүԲе¡

ǲҽȥֻСš  
ڻʱʱֱѩͣ£΢һвŹƽ

գɫ΢ãã⡣˴ǿţҵķͻȻˡ
Ǵ˸飬үԺףɫпɡ

޻˼ذװ߳棬üѹ¼֡

ƣ·ֻصǸ侲ȵĴ䡣  
޷ԸȥԹĴФ

Ԫ³ڲæФ§Լ˯ͻȻȥСլ
һͷˮФɫأĸֱͻͻ

СլԺӵ˶˵ѹ֡ޣ˵ҪᣬФֱӹȥ



Сүǰձ˻飬δ꣬Ķð

Ҳϲ£ǰ£
²Ρ

ФСүɥҪ󽻴޾ϸʶⲻΣҲЦϸ¼ҪҪᣬüͷɵ
ģĶӿţ㿪СүҪľײĴǶѰֳɵģίʵΪˡ

˵ģɶһһˣ
ǣֻүľ̫ð졭

꾩ڻûӰ첻׵£²ڣҲؼƽǮȱ֣סɥ£߰ԺˣǶЩФģϸǲ㡣
Фæ׳ǡ

ʱأͷӦº󣬱Ҵȥ׼ȥˡ
ͷФ޽غʣӦȥĶˣ

ǰʱΪϹүľɼȥûʲô⼸չ꣬Ķȥˡ
ɰѰشң̫˽լڿж

֮º˽լΧ˲ٰ޷񳿰׮լ¥գЩҲѲ֪ȥ򡣡

һָô˽լɾıѾá
תתָ֪ҵ⼸ձȻжˣȥԼҼ䵳һи

ǣס
ȥɡ

ͷ䣬ߵżүϹү͹ˡ  
ǰûű㱻ƿˡ

һɺ룬ñӣӺ䡣
ԺＸӵĵһģûš

κϲϹү߽ѩͣ粻ֹķ磬λĺˡ
ףĸסӭ˹ȥ

ҹƵ˿ڴ˿ѳϣΪԡ
һݱ⵽ˣκϾʣ˼ʲô£ôˣ

ĸ밲Ҫ
Ϲ˹߹ȥײϡ

˱裬̿¯Щˡ
Ϲүһãҹ磬½ؾְСμˣΨԹĶӣ˺һΡ

һƣģСӲ֪£ŪǱĶʱ˼֡

ҹ֮£Ϲүͷ˼ҹ磬ȥˣ˵һҪ참ǲʹ⼸մ˵ֵ
ԣ𣬡δָ㳣⣬ͬĸδʲôֻ㹫æ⴦լýûסɵã궼֪ˣ

үκüʱһ游Ӿͳ

ô㿴ﻹûף̫ˣڣ˵Ͳ˿϶Ժˣ

ֱ֣Ѫܵ˿ڣֱֱ£Ƭ̣ż˵ĸףҹӵķˣʴ˳ҹδ飬븸ĸ½⡣

˭˭ˣϹү˵һΡΡŤκϣĿʣ˵ʲô˭ˣ
˼˵ƺǷޡϣ

κҲˣһãȻĿǰˣ¶ɫۿ죬æһԵףף˵⵽ôһ£

ĸףɶ˵ɡ޸ͷ֮ǰұ̿׷ɱݾڵһȣŮӱҵĽᷢӡ֪⡣
޷Ƶʡ

֪⡣
˵ʱͳֳһµضĿڡ

ʱˣ˵һࡣʱҶռ䣬Ů֮΢չˡ֮ǱףϪ塣
ӦѰ֪ԭݣҵĸĸƽŵ֮𣬱ӦݽȢ֮

δ룬龩;ҽ֮ǰļˣȴƫƫͬһһꡣ
޻еԵ˵ţָɿ

⡭κԲ첻ѣ޷ɺ֮л
һ·Ѱ꾩ط֮꣬㱻ҰСլУޡݶУǰڴ¡̣ˣҲ΢һչˡ

ľ󷽣͵£һֱǸľְĺӡ

ϹүͷһԼԱĶһλŮӣɵɻ޼ȻˣΪλִͻʱ㻹Ӧˣ
ޱʵһ㶣ãȻ̧ףˡ

һԿȥ׹µүСүλˣԲš

޲ǻ˾ǴˡΪ˵õƽӦ£֪ȢףҪţȢˡ  

ˣͷɵһ
ͬӣ㡭

ˣͬĸףΪ˵𣡡
ϹүһƷǰյЦҶʲô̹٣¶ô壬ӦȥְŶԣ  

κ򴽣үˣҪΰλӡ

κ˶һϯΪ⣬ģٶģҲģİû𣬸ġ
˼Ӧ´ͻ飬ֻ䣬Ӳ.

ûˣЩ֮ܰ£ϴҪֲ飬κҲס  
Ѿ˼ξˡ

ʥϴͻ飬Ѿеһ룬ᷢӣȻȻ.ǵṼʥģƱػͬؼҽ
Ѳ̸ܽˡ

Ϲү֮ˣͬκһ뵽ףʣͬǽ£ǴϽţף
ƽףǣǰδϧˣҪѸøֶˣί

ºȲ˵Ҫθʥһǽִ֪ˣؼҶҪԴ˵Щ֮ǰûУ
˿ϹүɫǱǰѹ͵ƣʱܱһ֡

ֱ̧ӶԷӻͬؼҽǰڴǰɹףͶϲ֮£ضӵǰ̡ףѾġ

žһ죬Ϲүİ𣬾һԵκϸĿڣȰү

˼Ķ˵ھܷڵģҪ֣ţԹûˣ

Ϲүĭɣ׼үӶŭһ˵үôôᣬҪѴ󶼹ԼַҪڹϷؼҵĻ¡
ⲻǼɵô

֪˴£β¶һ˳еԹֱӣضߵ񣬡Ըĸ֮
˵ţߵס

һˡ죬κϺۿץϹүڴſǻ˵ү֮ˣ˼⺢ֱ㻹֪ΪʲôѴԼôǺˣǵðѶӱô
Ҫǣ˳ϢؿԹݡˣŻ£ͬԹ޹أʡĵʱؼ鷳
ģд˭׾д˭ףԹ޹أ

Ϲүǳ⣬֮û·κϼ״ᡣ

ڵĿסƵģ䵽¡
ãû˵һ仰

Ϲү̧ۣ
˼Ϊٸһλᣬ϶ӣ

ǣӵӣֻһˡ
޲һ˿ԥ˻һϹү۾Բǰ֣Ҫȥ

ĸףǶӲТ
ǣͷ仰ʲô˵

ְݣҪ
ָҲνֻҪ֪޾͹ˡ

Ĺ밲š
ûҲҪ

Ϊ˫ֱʱϹүͻȻصϣ̾Ťͷףȳȥͬ˼л
ǡף˳ȥ

ԶϹүŵ˼Ϊûôû˵֪㷽ЭΪ˱סݣֻǰؼȨƣѡΪŻĽš
κһ̧Ĩ۽ǵᡣ

ԡ
ˣһֱǸˡ

㻤סĸϡ
ԹѣΪ˱סĸϧԼеݣĸһƽ

ͬȣ˶㡣

ˣɡطĸƵģҪӵġ
ûǰˣãŻס

ô浱ΪģҪᷢӣͬؼɣ
Ϲүҡҡͷ⺢ӣЩһǾ࣬ΪͬĸףʱбƹȥȢǸŹŮʼգǲи强չˣǷ޻һ͹ˡ

ǰΪĸΪôೡᣬҲһЩ꾩Ů䵭ٲޣʱܱӣκøۣ

һһ˵ţԿͷ˲ֹͣ˵
˼Ըĸ㿪

һ֣ǶжֳһԵǲֻ˵˽Ȣǵġ
סҡɬϰ죬Ҳûѿеĺ䱻˵˵Ļ

κ֪רһΪ־½ǰ㣬ɥż겻ҡ
ŲŲ꾩Ҳһμ˲ᣬȥȫһȱʧô

Ժ£˭Ҳ֪

֮ǲФȥް£˱ûٶ˵޴ţȥһδıġϱ
ϹֻǸ帾δ̫࣬ɵ˼˵ʱ۵ײΪ֮һ

òǼƯĹˡ
;һմȾ̻Ĳ֮С

أ˯ˣ֪ΪΣκϼʱһ֮⡣
ֻϧѾûˡ

վһԵ޴ײʣΪ᣿
ա

һô졣
꾩ϰףҪгɥɥߣͣʬղŻᡣ

ձᣬδִ̫Щ

ѷԸФ£ҪΪ죬Ҳôա
ǰһյĸܵģлĻ䣬ήɿݣ䡣

ġ
Ҳ᲻á

ãǣȱʲô׻ظ֪ᣬĸ׻ᾡΪ㰲
лĸס

ӷһޡ
ͻȻʶЩڳеԼǶô޴

ĸĮ룬֪Ƕ⡣
Сĸδί֣ȥ׷ֻƽ˳졣

أ
Ц

Թñˡ
ʳѡ

*

Ԫ³꾩Իůѩû˿ڻ֮ơ
һҹ󣬲֪ĶϢȫ꾩ڷ贫Թλձʥϴ˻飬ԳֵСү˸ңǸˡ

ֻϧС˶ǸģǰͻȻˡ
Сү߹ȣŵڣҪ˵һ֡

ʴˣǻȻڴԹſڹŵİᦵǸ˭ҵġ

һͷϢƽȥԹһͷϵİᦣӡ֤Է飬ֱڴ֡
ƽظһ֮£Թ֮ǰȥƸͳͳӵ˸⣬·

磬֪Ϣ½ȥ޵СլɥҪõĶ˽ȥ
һ·԰յϰڷŵ˵һ

˼ҹ
һ½ȫȻ˾վԺǳš

Ƭ̣޴һ´߳
½˵ȥһȭ⵽ǳõĺ첼ȥˡ

ûж㣬һȭӵĽʵʵҵ½
һȭΪ򣡡

š˾䣬̷ࡣ
һȭ½ֱָӷѪգ䲻ǿ彡Ҳϰ䡣

½ǰסڣ˼˶ôõһƾʲôֻܸ㵱ңƾʲôҪļù⣿ңĵ㲻ãĵ㲻ˣ

ܺã䲻
ᴽǣɬջۣȴҲΪۣ֪Լš

ȲȣΪηҪ㲻ϡҪã㲻ǲ֪ҵ⣬ΪξͷҪƾʲô
½Ъ˹ʱһɺڣţˣһһ˵֣ҵĽᷢӡ

޷ƵʣʱżԳ˼ȥ³壬Ҷ˳ףؿ֤Ϊ

£
½뵽ǷһԵס
½̾ҡҡͷ

ˣү׷ˡ
ΪӵɥæĲɿһ磬ֱȥɹҪõĶ

ֻôΪү׼ЩֿĻϲأһѷװγɻ鷿ӡ
ˡ

˳Ϣ½۵ãȻȭͷͣڰУ૵˵ʲô
ҽˡ

һɺҹ̵ˣۡ

ʱ½Ƿȭͷʣ˼⵽ôһ£

*

Ԫ³ģԹ˽լⳡɥ£ЩͬѰ
ڵĹ餿յģֻλͼֽǮֽˡ

κصµĸɮо
ɥźƮƮҡҡԺȾؼ֡

ʣ˵Ĺͷ˲
ԺУһ˴ɥһԴײ

СүǰԸɥ
һˣ֮ǰСլӵģм÷԰λӡ

ֻ˵λССүġ
ô¶档

СүҲãĹҲգλΪˣе£ֻ÷԰źλѾͷˡ
ʱ۾һȺ˵ǰ棬żͷǿſ⡣

½£ǣȴһ档
޶ʬΪУýƽϹĸһ⣬û˼

֪ʱŻŵգܲѹúܵ͡
죬ͻȻѩ

׼ߴ£ҵͻȻˡ
ޱ࣬ڻ߳

Ϊѡźɫ˿а͵ȹɸɾ
봹ͷһߡ

ҿԺǿڹ餣·Ǿľͷ
뵽Եģĵ׽ӳܵʹ漴߱ȫÿһĿڴһƵģ֮ʹܡ

Լ߲޷Žǿڹ֮С
ôСĵطġ

ͣ˽Ųһ
˶ס˺

ͻȻ뿪ˡ
Ҫס

˽ðͷ

ʱѹ͵ƣ¶һأůĹԣǡⷽԺڡ
Դܰĸоȥ

ããһƬɾĴ⡣
һɲǣ˶ܵһǰδе

ٿأʧˡ

ٿȻԺһ˺ѷε˻𣬽ʵ֮С
Ҫ࣬࣡Ҫ뿪ң

˷׷׿ȥСү˫ĿʧĹѩϡ
ӵԲĴɫľ

ʱҲһͬ
ΪСүڻλӣ֪ʱʧˡ
TW





49.  049޶棩   ҡ

Ԫ³, һ졣
˭Ҳû뵽ǰմ꾩¹Թүԣġ

ȫ꾩˶ѩ׵ֽǮǰ, ƺƵĳ볤, Ƴ߹
һպ˭, Թϳʱη⡣

˲棬ܵݻɥµ, Ǹʲôͷ
ϸȥ꾩ԹȻݵϹŮѹͲڡ

һ, ƺ֮ǰԿ£
λѵСүƺ˻ͷ, ӲҪһ֡

ȴ, ĺɫʱ, 꾩ڵĸҲ, µ˵ǣֱӽȫת
֪˱Ļ, ˵λСүȥʧʱȢ, ѹͲңСүĽᷢӡ

ΪСүȱͻ, Ž±Ͳö֪ˡ
Ϊ, ƽղġ

ǸλĳǷ紫˵, ֻǸͨ帾
Ͼͨ£ǰδš

ֻϧԹλأ, Ϣ

꾩ڵĴԹڵſԹҪӦ֮ǰǵͻʥּ
Ͼͷ֮ǰĻ£Ҳѽеһ롣

ڳڳԴµķӦôҲõһϳ֪ˡ

ҹһϮ£ԹԺ鷿֮С
ɥ°׺ϹүǲһǿдԹ

һȥ㽫Լ
һգЩ࣬

һͷԹԺ
ڹǰš

״̬˲ýʻʹף˼֮ͬȥ
µӵλѾãЩ£ҲûҪʲô

޲һһʮĽ齲
գκմ½׽ʱҲʡ

ϹүҲۿ̾ס
κմմᣬҾǸĹ˾˿Ҷ࣬òѰһˣԸģȴ

ҲĪҪˣ£˭ҲԹã˵д˼ԼͿȨƣԼѡȨƣûˣ֪ۣڲӲ˼֣ʲôá
Ϲүһ뵽֣Ҳ

꣬ȨǰҲһѡȨơ

УֲһΪ˻ںޡ
ϻʵ֮λͬĶӳǰʱҲ¶һ˿⡣

֮·Ψĺݾ֮˲ܿղǸλá
Զ˼

ү˼ǻڲֺαˣֻܿЩʹ߳źá

*

Ժ
Ӧӵغţһ·糾͸ϻ꾩

һǣ֪Ѷ  
ʱֻǰһڣϵ䡣

ֻҪ꾩д˲֪ϡ
ʹȻͣƬ̣˵һֱᵽ⼸ʱӦ쳣ء

ã֣ǰѵ˵Ǽ

ʶôãû˵ҪԹ
ү֮ǰ̬Ѿ뵽£֣ôأ

˿̸֪ǣӰȫݳ󣬾ȥĶ
֮ʲô

Ӧţһ·ϻԹֱƿԺ鷿ʱµġ

үңӦӦȥһɲǣŷģ𼸺𾡣˵ļȡ
ţ߽˵ɴɥ̧׵ɨˡ

Ӧûһֱ߸ϵү⸱ģǰԺүһΣʱүմݰ참һٷ䣬ȥ緢
񣬲̶̶ʮ죬үݣ㲵ĿҪϲˡ

Ӧ˺ܶ⣬⣬ʳڣΣֻ˵˾䣬ү塣
࡭ˡƽ˵˾䣬ԺһƬհס

ǵĳƺӦɵ޸硣

Ӧ֮⣬ţʱ·ʱ̸
ԭϣָ㡣

ǡôģɫһ˲䣬ΧĿĪ¼֣Գɻ˸˵ң

ӦҡҡͷүŻʱֻ˳·һ䣬УҲδ֡
Ǿͺá

ĬƬ̣ͻȻʣϴη鷿еֽ͵İɡ
Ӧ˼һ˲ð亹Ҳδɣģү

ӸߵģҲɡ
Ӧ벻˭

֪ϪʱڣӦɹ̫ͬ죬Բˡ
ӦӲ

Ϊ˵Ӧ˵˲ǵöӦȻСţǼ⣬⡣
ãȻҲ̫֡

ģүӦףȫˡ  
ѳڵһ̣Ӧܵǰδеɡ

ӴӦһ̣Ѿӡ  
һСİ£˵ǲԭµġ

һֱ֪ôһա

ѵ³  
־壬һ˿һ 

ؿޣ׼̹ȻһС

лл㣬Ӧ
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ӦֻϪ޸˵
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ү⡭Ӧԭأʵڲҽӡ

Ϊ׷ƽЩſǷ
õ彣Ҳʥ֮үѽɳս

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֪˹ٴΡ

үҪѽ
ζʲôӦǲ֪

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үΪʲô׷ƽңѽ˵˭ġӦԥƬ̣ʳڡ

ү
޿ˡ

Ϊҽ顣
ʲô飿ӦһͷˮᵽԹ󣬱ϹүǲүûаŹ¡

ϪʱպһԱˡ
Ӧͫ͵һʧ޸ԸģԭСү

үˣ

ţˡ
ް봹ͷȫ֮С

Ӧһϲ漴üβһѹзڵİɫ
뵽㡣

²ܽѽûְܾףȻҲ⡣

ûнĻ磬أԵѾͬ˵ӽպֱңպغúѧ

ǡ
ܸޣʹԹÿһλſҫ

գӦһ˷ܵĴҪȥѰǼƲſ԰ڡ
ɽգȴʲô¶ûˡ

Ӷ¡
ȥѰ㵽׷ʲô¡

ûߵ˼ʣǲǻϪˣﶼ𣿡  

Ӧһ˲֪үô֪ģȴҲʵش𣺡ǣһվɡ
ǾͺãǾͺãǿһϪСסһϲ

ǳǳЦţһ˿ˡ
Ӧү״̬̫ԾᵽǸ֣ĬΣֻ̽Եʣү㡭ô

ţˣˣһһģһġ
ӦԺˣڵʲôһ·ɥ£Ǹ˭ģ

㣬˻û

Ӧ㲻֪ġ˫۶ϵһӿ񣬡ֻˣֻҵҪһЩʱ䡣

Ӧ뵽֮ǰõǷ
үϪ壬ְõһݻ⡭ƺΪ׼ģһֱǡ

ӦһֱûֻǴ˹黹Ļᣬһϡ

䣬Ѿסӣ۵״ʣںδ
ҷڣһֱúñš

һ·ȥ˷䣬һС
߬Żһ·ص鷿ȼ򿪣ȴֲҡ

꾩ǰġ
ľΣ֪

ҹ
𽫽չǷ

Ϥıʴ볡
к÷һ̣һ֮˳ŽŵٿӶϣͷ޲ɵᣬǿסš

ͼǵһ÷ʶʱĳ

ŵС
³

ľĶͼһһ飬ͬĻһ
֪ĥʹҲԼȥƾӿ糱ļ佫ɡ

ǰ㲻ܿƵش۽
һΡΡΡ

ʪ˻صһǡ
ʶŪ˻ʱֽѾ޿

æãȴһǾ¶һͼ

һŻл

Ƿ˱صĺӣסСĽһǽҿ
̺ĺ÷£ϲһ

ƽ͵ЦţüͬʮƣŮһ۱֪ࡣ

ͫһɫʱ԰ס

õģҽʹš
ܿصزš

һСֽ˳ŷ϶˳

棬㱼䣬·𿴵Ůüۣ촽üЦš

ޡЦɡ
ԭأǰ

Ըգͬ顣
ޣһ֣ϣûҵӣҲһúõġ

ʣߵǰʣ˵ʲô

룬ûӣܺã

֪ôŮͻȻ档
ŷѩĺۼѪ·صһա

ҪǬ棬´䡣
һԼңҫ

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ҡͷֱ̧ҪΪۣޣĶ
һ˲ŮȻʧԭء

࣡
͵شӻоѣڴŴֽ˳ָ¡

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ۿʪʣȷϪʱõģ

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ûʲô°ɡŤǱᣬս񽻸ġ

ⱾΪ˻ռ׼Ļᡣ

ǰཫⱾ˫ϪõĵѥԺڵĽ¡
󣬲űȡת

õޱһֱĿʹľˣԴҲ죬ҲǱᡣ

һ񱾵Ĳ¼ϪĵεΡ  
СķˣĻݣһν˹ӣͬǺһ䷿ӡ

޾ϸĻ˳

ǶγŻ¡
ֻһι£һֱ

һιµĻ棬Ķһ
й½ķݣֵ·

дӹвǶιǰҳͻȻʼʮŰߡĵʱüΣû

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Ϫ壬һʱ侭ʣּûаȫе͵͵  
˵ֱ·ֱ

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ԭʲô֪ˡ
֪£ʲôԶ֪ˡ

ˣԭͬһʧ塣
Լˡѡ

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ƽ˳죬ϲǡ  

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ƾʧԼһ˲ԭؼˡ

ײҪˡ

ļĶأ
ǲǳôļҾӦѽ

͵رĿָǳ죬˼
شһҪһ






50.  050޶棩   ҡ

Ԫ³, 꾩Ļɵģһҹѩ
ʹֻȸڷߴߴ

Уٹڴ©Ժ˾һ, ໥, ֡
źˮڹٸһ, ǰվзȤ¡

һ糯߸, ͺĹͷһգ˾Ŀ

Ψн겻ͬ

˵Ĺע㣬Թǰհǳųɥϡ
һڳһ, ȻһȦִ˿ڷ˼ϵĴ, ͬƽ̫ξȻֳ, Ƕȱϯ, ϸ߷ԼҼλҲû¶

ֻɨ, ſ糯ҪôڳԸˡ
, ˼ǲ, Щ˾һ𣬱޼ɵĿʼԹλͻȻð

ȻµԹѾûеسһǰ㲻ɺ, Թǵʵֵܣκǰ̫ʦŮ, ټСү˫ȫ, ϴĸλ˵ŵڣ꾩һһŻ
ϧ, һȦûһ֪λͻȻȥ׽ʲôļҵĹŮ

֪˶ãԭֵĵڽԴƣϺţڵ¯£յеĲˮҲҪ˵ס
ȥǺѹѹģҹⳡѩδͣ£ͷЩҲʵ

̺ˮڹ⵽˿ʼΪ裬ȡֱСʳΪλ˽ƶ
ֹ֮һⷺЩʶԾˡ

ʱƺ͹˸ϳʱ漴ڹ

ƫҵڹƺڵʱشƫ߳ƤЦⲻЦĶ˸񣬵糯˵ˣҪ׼һʶҪһЩģλ˶Ƭ̡
ʥϼּ⣬Ϊβ֪ɵ

Ҳʥϵּ⣬ţλһϳʱʹʥϰɡŤһԵСڹٵȥλ˻һЩĲˮСźš
ǡ

䣬һܵĽŲ뻮һнܿ졣
һ˲󣬵ʲôĳʱ񣬸æȺˡ

ͬһʱ̣ڹͻȻŶ룬Żŵض̵ˣˣɱˣǸϽɡ
ɫ󾪣ʱʲôǺɱˣ

*

ʱǰԹ
꾩Ƕҹɫ֮УΨԹİԺлŵƻϸϸȥŮధĵ

ֻ֨ѽһľſأ׼߽ڣԲϰĽơɷ˵ľߡ
磿һҹڵĿڸæʣôˣ

ͬߡײδͣŶһ·ȥԺ
ɪšˡƮУǻģŻ

̧죬ɫƼҪѹŷѹ֡

Ժ˲žԺڵƻͨһżҶֳɫϾڷǰ
ȥƫţʲôҪԼͬƶ仰Ҵȥ

ѩ裬˵Ӱ黯ģһҲСġû˵ѾԶ

˿̣ԹĴ⣬Ф´żҶڹٷ̵Ļ¹ڴſڣš
Фܸɣŵ˶Էü飬ЦŹֵڹ٣ڹ٣ʥԹͬʱָֻɿڹôҹҪ£ȴأͬҲ٣δλء

ɫһ䣬ڹǶȥˣˣǸæȥˣҹڳô£Ȼǽ˶ųȥˣҶϹү˽ǸϵĹ£Ҫ֪ʥּΥĪҪͬٶѿ࣬Ϲүһͬ
ФԣЦŵλſ˵ʥּΥǼʶ٣֪ں˵ּܱΪʥּ

ڹüͷһѹǰһȻֻʥϵּⱻΪʥּССܼңǳıӵɣΪСүּ˾һˣʥϹһٸԴҲġ
ڹٲؼ˵ͻؼݻԣʱ˵ʥּǱµģСЩɻ󣬵ʥǰ֪Ϥ岻ʣʥϻԺ󡭡ٴʥּ

ʱһɺ紩ڹһ磬͵ؿ
Էɫ䣬ФµȻһЦλҪ˵С޴ѧʶȴҲ⿹ּٴʥּ  

㡭ĻҲԹҪ췴˲ɣ
СǲңŲϻÿǼ٣ƣԹǰˣҹСүѪֹһֱԵڣʱһߡҶλҹôһôҲгƲſ԰ɣ

˼ФܼǸѲģ֪ڵĹأʱЩţӰŵ²òɣ㻺ǶλȷǱĹڱõģű𹬵Ƴģʥͻؼģּģֻ£ܼĪҪٵˡ
ɲаɣλŻ˵ʥǱĹóһ١

˼û˱İ취ݳФŹ⣬˺ϵۺ۵΢ɲһ
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˵ţһɨݺ˦䣬ȥ

ۼФ¿̹š
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ԣͷӦ˵˾仰һȥ

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ǣǸСġԻʺ۵ǰ߲Ѫ۵׻лУһ˿֮УŲŲӣ˽ȥ

ڵУ˰ȾѪĻʵϺˣϵѪѾǰһ
˿̷˿ɢңҲ鰸ǰĿԡ

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51.  051޶棩   ҡ

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ãǺϵͳ004Աأ֮ǰɫʧЧʱȫңԭ鷢شı䣬Ŀǰϵͳʱ޷ͻԭ硣

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52.  052޶棩   ҡ

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ǰʱϻׯɣ˷ϣĺܺãûЩϸƺͰ׷

Ϊ⣬²Ż

ͬԪ۰СŮġ

ݾϮ׷ɱŮͬѣٰŸһ  
ʱΨһϵģֻΪ֤

Ƿ
ϵ׺İ񻷳ԽԪܹɽ֣֮Ͻ˿֮֡



ױ̰𢣬̩񰲡  
ȴһʣڱ߾սԪʧ쳣ء

һˣȴ֮ǰļ䣬˻ؼҵ·
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սܺĽԪ˥ˣΪպҵ߸

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ţŮˣԺĶȥˣĸװġ
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СŰţߵ齱ߡ

ټͷ׷ĸףᣬʱȶʣСŶ꣬ȥĶʱ˸Ű׹ʱŵĴϲĸס

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ҧŴ룬ҲԸȥˡ
ֻҪԺðһ⣬Ŀڱʹͣ

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෽žЩ룬һֱǿţʱøƳˣ˳ĵ˵ͷϢ
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˳ԶüͷϣСŶô

뵽Ůʵʲôʱӣ絶ʣ˲ʪۿ
˺һ̹׵ʵմСŶұΪϸ

ǰͳȥŮ赣񡭡
뵽⣬ĿǱ˺ƵģΣǾ䶼˵ڡ

ԥʱֱһůս֣ο˵ˣĸûŮƽĿ࣬պСŶͨˣǣȥЩ۸˺úˣ

飬ѾŶͻǱߺպϲģޱޣҲûϵһᱣ֤ĸϴ֮λúôСţԶǽԪľŹ

գŵĲԷ¡
ǰҵŮǽԪܳС֮Ҳޡ

Ƭֲ̣˾䣬»ؾʹ۽ԪжڹŮˡ
һ뵽ǰǸ׼Ů󽫾ޣ˧ƽնͼľ˰ʱû

һ㣬ҲΪͬ˵ʲôҲôԶĵطˡ

߸ĸף෭˸ܿ˯ˡ
֮İ£һְֱѵ״̬̽ÿζŲٲƷһֱ¶⣬ԳԵҲûʲôθڡ

̫ҽƹҲ˵ΪʲôֻܽҽŮúϢǰ̽ĸǶ

Լûʲô£⽫ԼԭľУһѭţͼѰҿԱԪķ̵㡣

ֻϧԭȫΧȨչģ̫һĳĮС˳˼ķɡ
൱ѡڻŮǣֻǸƶĹ˰ˡ

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֮ͬʵһ·޳̫ǬԪʮ꣬ɹ⵹ȨԼң̫ӱƹѱʱȼݡ
ϧϹȥ󣬻ʵۻˡ

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ճɹѹ䣬ȴ޷˳ǻ
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Ȼ֪ԼֻӵץסԲ˳Ȩһֱۣҧޱƹ䡣
˵߱Ȩֱߴ

ڽԪнһģҫְַͨ䣬˲µɱڳС
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أѡ䣬ֻϪ۴İ򶯡
ɴȴżȻݶ޵İĽ

żȻʱ޶֪˭

Ϯʱûϵϵͳģʧ䡣
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ûһ㣬ޱ㲻᳹׺ģ޷˵׷Ѱ֮·

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ףصµĻϴǲϲ£ͷˣ˽¡еġ

ãûüɵģñǡţ˴㣬ԸߣȥҵĶķһֱġ
üͷ£¾ĵط֦Ҷȥ˲ʡ

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˼ķǰ棬̨棬ŤͷкС㣬⴦ͣʺǲġ

Χһģǲ°գׯߺע˷׷װڴһ࣬СѾͷڣۣСһɣŸעУĻ࣬Ѻ󡣡
δ䣬СЦŶһСӣСϡ

ϣ˰
಻

㻤ԣעͣСֺֺˣûѶū֮·ϡ
Ƭ̣һ

һһСɹٽ˫Ķע࣬Ҳû룬ѺС˫
СѾͷղˣβСˣǮ

үԼľУҼҹϲ棬ҲǰչϲѺעˡ˵ţͷɹٿѵģС

ǰɣôС˾ţ಻עȫƾ顣
ܿ죬һΧۼԽԽ࣬˶֪ˣ˸СѾͷ߯ãעܰׯҳ

˷쳣ȫӮıҲѸķ˵ע⡣

ڣ½ͨ˴ƹ
ԵɫȻָŲԵǸСѾͷ𣿲Ӯ˶ӣ˼һĶûУȥȥ̨ýˮһЩͷɱƬײ˭Ρ
ֵǡ  

ڣͷͳһСӣѱһ
һ۰ݴСĳСϲȫѺһ鷳˿ӡ
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°ƳԼҵ£գգۣͷСҲ˶̫ңǾˡ
ʱΧ˿ȥСȰǸûĸǧ𰡣ķû˵Ķ˻ȥˣⲻǸׯô

·ͷ󣬻߳һλӣϳԷΪ˭ЦǿǽƵӣ˭ܴӮǮ
ǰׯⲻ۸˼СѾͷ𣿡

ҪҲùСѾͷ֪ǳһֱӮǮ鷳Ź֡
ΧЩɵüͷȰ裬ͷСߵǰ׼ע

Сӻûءɹٽ忴һСӣЦ˵ǽ£Со𣿡

˵еĽӣ۵׻һ˿׾֮Уǰ⻹ǼӸӮء
СֻǸѾôһԷأ಻ǸϲƤࡣ

ͷ
ʱСµͷãɡ

ǣū

ʱиĿͣЦ˵СͦǮԼŮϡ
СԸ⣡׵ǼµģʱѾǿѺСϡ

˿۲Ͼһӡ

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ɹٺҡѣһ

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һһС

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۲һעһǽӣˡ
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СһӱһСѽӣȰʱͻȻ̨ϵĽӶƵˡ塱һϡ

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ҵѽ棡Χ߸ŵ

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ԶĹƼˣЦСѾͷ֪ߵغ

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һ, µۿɼٶȰȥ

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¼ƹǰã, ˰ѺȺȥӴƹнӹһӡ
桢

ƹɫһ, ˶ķֲǺڵ꣬Ӯ, ȻҪȥTWȥ, 
, ˵, ȥŮļˣظ

, Ȼӵ˵, СѾͷ
һӽӣ˭۲

ӹ, ־ϲʱһĽ屻˴ȥ, һλٵͷ

, ƹˣˣ
Ҿ˵СѾͷУ˼Ҿá

С㣬Ӯ˲, Ҫ̽Ե˾䣬۾ƳС¡
ͷǰС㣬һֱӮҲû˼ģǽʲôģ档

ȥˣϾķ˿ôӣҪô˶ϿɾͲˡ
Χ˼ҪߣǼ档

ʱһԵĴƹͻȻС㣬ˣȥżϢƬ̣С˱˲ˮġ
ȥʲôǼСӮǮƹ񲻻᲻߰ɡ

ƹһ飬СѾͷʲô˵ģһֱѲߵķۣ˵ˣֺţĵġ
ԥµȻˣǾͷƹ·ˡ

ƹСͬ⣬æкãˮùƹЦС˵עֻнû˼С㲻֪ʵע෱࣬Ϲټֻýǽ˽֣ټҵĹؾòˡ
˽ܶʲôɻ

ƹԷϹʲôլūͣעġǰͣһǳҲйġ
찡෢һ

Ҳžֻ̾أսȭͷ
СȤһһȥ档

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ģҼӳ񣬻иϧ棬λŮô׳Ӯˣ

أЦЦƹ˵ÿЩƵġ
⵽ͶĿ⣬ƹע⣬е˵ͷ

յȷûʲôҼСãͶѰɡ

ϣԵƬ̣ȥС˵һ׼֡
ƹСѾͷţ»տҪѵˡ

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ġЦ񳿾;Լã϶Ӯ

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Ȼͬ˵䣬˶Īİġ

ʱƹС˹СɣԶĹͣϡ棬ԸͬСϼ֡
ʲôҼѾͷɲᡣ

Сģӣһִѣ뼸λƲɡ

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֮ǰͬȥݰ참ĳװ˴ˣ˿˿͸  
ˡ

ĪҪżⲻΪλСŵЩʱţ˵ˣϿʼ
ʱһλʮµӴӺ߳ò毺ãɫǫͣǶķٶҽ˶á

ڳƺʶλٶңˣǷ׷ߵ̨ǰ
˶ú۾ɨˣųǸСԸμӽ˽֣ʵĳң˽ǲСμӣϾӮӮһʲôҶ֪

ʼɡ
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أЦЦüһԭⳡġ

ⲻô

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ʮͻȻ˵

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ŤԽ˶ЦŵֳŵŽլֻʮƽͷλһɣҵڻûԷȲˡ

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ͥԺ⣬һƹĵĽŲͷ

ˣ
˶֪ⲻǽˣ㱻ԺסˣûȥץסС

Сãһɤͥڷŭڣһ󾢷紵嵽˶ǰһŽ߷ɡ
˸磡

ϽüŭһŵܼҶˡ
˶׳ǰ۳Ťͷһ˲䣬ϧȡЦĶС˵ðã

˶÷Ŀڴӵ뵽СѾͷ˵߸磬ŭˡϣ

һʱ䣬ڼɹһƬҡ

ͥ⣬һλͦΣƮݿʵӻ߽˻ӣĳǰѸٽլۿ
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磴һС̧΢ҵǰüһ¡
㰡ûˣһ͸ô£ţ

ⲻͿ˲Ÿôˣܹжš

˶ķͿڰţҪȻ˽֡
Ĺ˿ȥΧֻõˡ

磿С룬ЦõլأˣһعҺС졣
һڣһ˾ٹͷЦףǾͷЩƽլˡ

˵ţ½һԼݸ֡
磶ʱסʣӮǲŲߣ

üҪΪأ
ҡͷӣӮǱģˣ㲻ùˣġ

û䣬æʲôҡ
ǰʱһֱڶѲ߷˭֪̫ӳãʱͬԷͷһ·æĽͷöû˵ϻء

̫ӣʶ뵽ɵָ⡣
֪ܲأǰʱǰ̫ӹʧܺ󣬸̫ޡ




54.  054޶棩   ҡ

ұҡ
ϼ˻, ֮׵ξ١ذΡ߼Ҷܾ֪֮ˡ

Ԫľ֮𡪡ҡ

ͷϼڷҪξˣԶԶģһޡ
˶ǽϻ۵ĵ, ǰٰ۰ǻų, ӽ˸, ̽Ӷ˿޵, ˼Ҷ

һֹϼű, Ҫͬϻ

Ԫƿջ
ڶķ˳ӳ, صջ, һ, ŵƷ衣

̴ӹ֮ʱ, ԥ¹:İ̫ӵ¡
޷²յ״һ, ղܹ¹, ռдҪҡ

̫ӵ, һֱΪ̫ӵ°£ⲻС鷳İ
ڽ˽ʲô鷳޲, Ԫǰ, Ѱ˴̽ڽԪ

ܼȥύҪΪѰˡ

İ֮½кһ, Ｘȥˡ

ϸƬ̣ʱȲͷͬ磬ͽ֮£һƽ
ǡ

޻صݣغҲ̽Ϣ
غɵü˵ǾŹӮ˽ң˼ҹ棿

ǣǵˣ̸ְұ֪ãϼ취˴ߣŹһ
֮ǰ˵ܳ裬ôȥˣһҼ±׶ˡ

תĴָϵİָ˼Ƭ̵ͬҽύһҪȥСۣ4˳ˮҡ

һԵͻȻ뵽С±ͬүлԼϮʧ٣ٴױ㲻֮
Է֪ջʹ磬˱ȻټԼ᲻ᱻ

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ٿȻ˴˵ˡ

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ڶǰҲ˵ʵԽԽˡü
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Ҿ֪Ϊ˶ū֮¡磳̾ǲνûףΪ֮ǰԪϽūǾ󸸻ʺʵʩġ
ֻһȥʵ̫հǰ˺֪жôӴǿƵ¾

˵˺һ֪ǵԼû˵ֻ˳ĵͷӦºֱʣʶˣ
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ôң
һ٣ЦֻǾ㳤ˣ˼ǵȫԭҽˡ

϶ѽϾ겻 գգۡ
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˯ţֹסᡣ

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еһ룬ϯｻﻶڣʵԪһĹԱɫơ
ϾܽԪǳս£Ÿչꡣ

˵ĺǽԪս˥˵ĹǮ漱
ԹʹţԪⳡϯ׼ΪģǲƷ֣ˮƽ

˿ңС
ԪŨ֮࣬ʱʱĴһЩȣ޶һԣżɫ糣ؽһϸСļС

˴γڹ˽ģȴҲиʵ˼
Ϻͨγʵ˽ʵΪһĿ׼

ӼͬóΪΣᰵдܼһͬá

֮ǰ⵹ԼңδﵽϺ  
ݵȼ̰īǣԼң漰˵ҲаɳҺȴֻԼҸԺѳ

ôӵȥֻһܡ

Ԫֻյ̽Ŀɿ
ڹնͼľֹ

Ź
Ҳ˼

ʱԪĹϵԪпպɣڵǸʱ£ˣܾ̫ˡ
˴γã׵ĳԱ⣬ŬϵԺת

գ޾Ʊǰ񾴾ơ
ϴλ̫ʱһֱš

棬ţһ˫īӣˣòȷˡ
϶ЩףԼǸСѾͷôסġ

϶ûʲôøУϾСŶҪͬףԶȥں⣬˲֪ĥѣһ·ײײĻصԪ
ˣҲڽСŶĲҹ̫ӡ

;Žпۡ
δأĸһѱᣬʵ۵ĵܸܵ󣬺ȥر߹أŴϮһߡ

⾭ֻ˵˿еĹ»ʡ

ʱͻȻ뵽һֱûֵСŮڰΡ

ڰüͷСءŷǲСʳϺӣӲʣڴ̫ҽȥƣ޴󰭣ֻӣ硭
䣬Ŀһö˶˵ģôʳϺСŶСǶŮ֪ģô£

С˵ûסΪʹЩ˻û£͡
֣𣬵ڵһͣˡ

˻֣ʾ
Ĭվһ࣬뵽λͷ裬ǰջƵĽū֮ô˱͹֮ʳ

Ϊ˱ܿԼ

ͷһ޲֪δıСأЦЦ
Сôᣬ˳ˮۣǡ

γýԪͬλҽлۣСأùµλҽȥæһͬҲ÷ġ

ۡʮǰҽ߲Ļҽ
һ˲û뵽֪۴Цŵ˵ͷ

ǵ֪ˣлһݶл⡣

ԼĪʮǰԪ߾߲˲ΪҽΣǾµĲϵо˶߲Чҩ

ʱǲһҩԪǲȥѰν
ֻϧûѰˣղ֮

ˣļѣãǱͻҽˡ
˵գڰ׼һݺȥ

ҲЦŵͷлҽڣԽŮ˯ѵĹּҲһ𿴹
뵽ˣǣȥ

ߺ󲻾ãϯβҹ˲پƣСһ̷ˡ
Ʋ԰С̸

նͼľĲ꾩ǰ㳱ʪȣҹϰϰˬ͸

ϯƱյĵΪˣ֪ô磻ϻ˵Ůϡ
УЩߣһ֪ƽŮӣصҡǰ꣬Ȣ˹ŮΪޣüͷغլ

ľްζӡ
ίȫҲûָ䣬ڴֻһ

һ
ľãĲ֪ȥֲһС

䲻ģ磿Ц˼ֵλҲɡ
ɫ糣ĵ˵ͷʲô

ֻ÷ⱡ顣
ͬԪͬʴ֮ҪѪȵĶࡣǰλѪƴɱʤߣĶЩ˼

ѧʶˣ֮ˣʺСš

ΪҹʱͻȻ˵ֲ֪ͬЩơ
˲δʲôֻ£򵥽

Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһʶ֮ǰ¶ġ

Ϊʶɡ
üͷһѹѹͻȻʯͷģ˵Ϊʲô

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ǡ

ͻȻи֮롣
֣뽲

˼˼ĺ֮Լ

ʧٵ꣬˼й֮飬ֻǵ¾û˼޾Сü޹ȥίʵס
סѻԼЧˡ

֮ǰŰ׹ǻصԪ˿ս͵ϣȴ˺űȡĻԼЧˡ

ûԥ׵ǣµȷ©꾩ұȡŻ¡

磾ٱƵ˼ȣ̹֮ˣԶš
ûǺ⡣

˵˼֮ǰιһְ
ǣ龩δ䡣

磺磽ڰ۵΢ɲһǳЦţǱˣǱˡ

ͬһʱ̣
ڵƻͨ

Ÿӿ𾢣䣬¶ۣܼʺɫӳƬƬһΪĿ

ӵĵطƵģ̣ʱʱֱߵı첲һ

̫ҽ¶ЩˮĻصڵԼС¸ûµƵģŻһٺЦεСǺοడȥμҲϺԼӣŸպһЩ

²ӣЦУֻΪ˶㿪ҹ磬ȷóϺӣ㵽뿪Ԫֻˡ

ջʹ̫ҽˮƽһãҲõȵºˣʱӦҲѾ뿪Ԫ
ȻҲöˡ

ˣĸͻȻôһ˵ЩԺתһ룬СָӦǸ̫ӡ
ϡǵõС¶ǺεȵĳֵȥǼ޲ɵĵز

ϲλСˣ

С硣
һ㶡

»ˣԼôǳš
һЦҡҡͷϲˣǳ֥ùӵˡԺҪˡ

䣬һλŮżСŮ̧űɴ̴߽£ﴫ˵ϴ˹ҽΪƲ׼
üͷǳҽҽĸײμ𣿡

ū˵ҽ֪أջ


ͷһƵı𣬸æŮڷ׵Ҫ˿ɴ棬á

ʱһ˽˷ڵţϳ첲ʺӣۿ
ĸףŮû¡ŨŨΣС

ʲôû£㿴ûµô֪֪ʱΪֻϺӣ㡭뵽ǴŮΣбѹѡ
𣬿˵ڡ

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ϲζĶĸԵ´οǧٺˡ

˼䣬Ť˵ˣȥҽΪƲɡ

ӵһ·߽տţͷϴһö죬̧һƣʽķǣмͯȤ֮⡣
⵽ڵİ裬ͬʹڼȻͬ

ֵܶİҼƵۻңڵĴ齻ΣĲһ
λԪ飬ƺǸȤˡ

ߣ磬ҽһδõӦ
½ͣɤӲʣҽʼɡ

֢ҲжҩС³ĵطܿдҩֵݳҩ࣬ͷĹһΪƵġл
СµƤЦ

üβ΢ɲһµɤƺҲãһɤӵĻ裬һձȬ
Ϊɻʱۺȥֵݸһƿҩ

Ǵ׵պ壬ѸǲǰʱյƳҩ裬£һͣһ
˶٣ֵӽ󣬲գౣء

һ䣬ĳһͷˮС˾䣬򡣡

ۻһƽЩŵֻƲģüģһɶ֪Сر塣  
˵գͷҲصĴ󲽳˵ңϻ

ʵҲ֪ԼΪˣٶ£Сһ̣һĪϤУȵ뵽ǸϵС

ǰϸ顣
ôأÿμȴǿţЦ⡣

СﴽȾźѪģ
һ򡱣ʲô˵ˡ

Űá

ţݣڹģסȥ·
ǻҽɣ

ǡ
СƲΪӺܾƲڹƤЦⲻЦ˸񣬰ڳ˸ơ

ҹУǲҪȥѰҡ
δ䣬ǰһƬڰţһǿпߡ

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һͷͬ磾ƹѲ磾ãѼ⣬ºЦЦڹٽ̧ߣԼһڹų

ҹɫʣ֪ʱ˴磬߷Х̧ۼϤĵҡҡλΡԼȻ⣬ֱһѷס

֪˶ã޲ҹݵ·
ͣףȴӦ

ͷһߡ
һ紵Ũ

ȽŲܿƵطǿֱΧ
һ˵Ժ䡣

ɲ

ٿأԴ¸ڵĴֲϵһ˲Էһȫ˺ڰ
Ŀڱ͵һʶعӷȴˡ

ǵصȭͷϣٱѹƣȫдץסֱһˣݺһš
ꡱһǼĲҽС

ܿ챻ס
ҵıϮ

ȥģݣ
þ۸ã

ܻýԪţʱΧҺģֹһģģ˸š

ǿŲȥԴĳ嶯ֱ磳溰ͣŲĴ

ʱŷֱƤڵϵˣȻʶʱʱķһִ
磻˻֣˽̧סֽԷһ

һĻĿȫ̡
㱻ۣ˸첲˲ӡ

ǶپУµҩɲ١
ɲܰ׷ŵ

ˣʲôˣ

ʱģ˱ҩϻ˹밲
ȲùϰˣȥôҪţȥ£ҩŸɾ  

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ϼ״ƲƲ緽ôҴǲŽ
磱纮һĨЦСʲôأ̫ӣ˲ҲòҪ˿Ȼܻܿ͵ʱպĽһ

ʲôϲ⡣  
磻һݣս

սͿսǻɣ۸˶۸ϡǡ

磵һۣ̽
ٴЩҪ˶֪ô

ϴףǸ˼ֻǷһѾõ½
£̵Ҳñ֪

һڹ̫Ǽ˵ҡ
һ뵽£ϾԿǻŭ⣬Сš
ʱ磳̾ҹʵиĵСŵ£Сƺǰ㲻

ͬӸλŵ֮Ρ

ⳡƾ֮ǰѾӾúģĹУƴճԷݣҲͬС˲˾֡

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е֤ݣȴ֪Է˭

ҿݵĹؼ㣬ڵҵСʱϴŵȹӡ
ӯ

֮ݲ͡

²֪̽ȹΪ⡣꾩޸һȲ÷֮֡

˲ӣ׳ȹӵ˵ģݡ  
ֻ֪Էְ䣬ֲᡣ

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˹¶һ𣬺ʶ˼ûǰʮ⡣

ٸļƻˡ
ˣ˭ǵСǰѹ

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ΪСųˣպҲҪСǰᵽ̫Ӿͺáףˣͻȥɣ¶Ųǡ

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ܵ˯һ˫ůС֣ḧţԷᣬ°ŪʹƵġ

ˣмʹ
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ܶʼΪ˿ڡ  
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࡭˳ͷ˾䣬ſ˫ۣƣʹƤ޷ȫ
Уǰһģģģ£һɴ۾ԽΣҲֻɫĴ꣬幤Ľȹ

࡭
ٴλţ̧ȥסϧ첲Ǳʲôסˣð֡

żѣֻһ˲һǰɡĴӼͷʹ
ٿȻԷҪߡ

ߣ࡭
оʲôȵĶӼͷ˳˷Ƶģǿѿ첲ϲŵľ塣

޴ĸ첲֧ӣ׷ĨԶȥӰȥ
ˡһ죬żסȽʧصˤڵϡ

µѪȻʲôȳʪҺ壬˲ģߡ
㣬ߡİûá

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ֻܾĿǵٻӰһ㡣
һ˲Ŀڣٴα˺ѿ

ʯϣǱķ
ٿȻһ

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׼ѿ̶첲ľҲûˣ˲伱һͷ亹

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ͻȻűס

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Σ
ǣˡСģҶ˵

ӵ£үȫһȲܹ̼Ҳʲô˵
׵ķִһֱĺܺá

Ŀ͵Ŀͷϵᶥγѡ
漴ǰһڣٴλȥˡ





55.  055   

µҩ࿰ҩ, ӣձˡ
žй⻬۰׵ľӣ££ȡЩĲҩ, һȥʹŵݰɡ

ҩû˵, ʣ, ỹǸСɣ
˵λ̫ͻȻˮ, ԹⶣйʹŵκϢ֪С¡

ʱСͻȻҪͲҩȥݣ뵽Сµľ顣
˵Ҫôǵġ̾, ĽֻͣҩǰĻ, лл˼ҵҩҵĲõô졣

˵, ΢΢, ¶һƬ񼡷

¶һ, µȫˣ
ǰûʮºȥ, ɵ̾λǸҽ, ūȥ׼л񡣡

µͬЩŮ, ŮȻŮ, ˽ͬһʱ, ·Ӿ¶ˡ
౾ó´Ÿۣһ·ԶҲûȥ

ȸͷ, ߴߴǻԺУĿȥҪˡ
һӹָᱡֽڿд˸תڵ̺ϡ

𣬶ſƬ̣Լָ֮ǰЩЦ
඼ûˣﻹ򡱡

գ¡
еźһ˺ɷ顣

ͷùţµĳ°ŷö

˷磬¶ҵͷȥЩǱ
żæ˵һ֪ҹ뿪󣬱㲻֪ȥ

ڣ˻ûлصݡ

»дίԭʻȥʱʹиӴ״ͷĶ۵䡣
ûµıԹֻڵ̹٣ҹȥ

ʱһ״£̹ͬ䲻Ĵ˸¡ѵڷϡ
ⳡ꣬ĺܼ

ˣȥɣ²Ҫͬκ˽侲Ļ̹٣ŤµΪҸ£ׯķ١

£ˡʱҪմʪѵġߵ麱ߣľ֧ܣ⡣  
Ԫʹ귢£һֶûСΪľǲ̯ˮ

Ҫ꣬˭ܱ֤ԼʪأЩҵȥһδ빬

Žڷͣδ빬ſڡ
ǲ˽ţҲӦ

һԵĳ̧ۼѹѹģ칬Ŵ˿̿ȥɲĿ۶ڽϵС£ݣ˿˻Īİ

Сıࡣ

šٴ
£δ빬סˡɲǡίѡ

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ʱɫĴǻ򿪣һλòŮӳɡС
ҵɫȹŴر˽̤У񣬡Сϡ

λСϵݣڽԪʹΪ⡣  
̷߲Ů

λĴӭȢŮ䷱ܳѪǽԪԹŴµ֮һ

ǵ˺һ¾ȢŮȴûȫؽԪס
ӭȢŮǰӭȢԼİĹǧ״һʱױ

ΪϵŮͬλСϵĹϵʵ̫á
СƧְҪУʶôδ빬ʱһãڣ˻ǵλδ빬еŮ

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ô꣬Сô뵽⴦СˣΪľסѾͷ
ݸһЦ硣

Ӳã͡
ǶƿҩɾͲˡ˵ţóе֧ҩƿ˻ΣɫһĶСϡ

ǼѾõͻȻʳС۵һʲôҩ
ҩ

Сһÿ·Ůһ

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˵գСϿڡ

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ڵƹģڶ϶Щȣֳء

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ĵһգǳδ빬С

һֻܣ˲ڼ̨ϡ  
ϡǵãʱСı顣

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ĺ䣬˶˲Сľš

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겻ܾɢԽĳȻǰƺѾ硣

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һTWֱĵס

硣Цߵ齱ߣ֣ʣࡣ
Ҳ˲٣ǳ˲ٿ࡭ܾȻһЦ̧Ϊ££˿һת˵˾䣬һ𳤴˲١

ڲԶС˵ʱ磬Ҫһߵġ

ܾף֪ģСţȥɡ
л硣

ܾԥָָƫҵķ䣬
Сһ

Сϼ裬УСϣλɲµġ

ĸ׳˹ȥܾſ⣬ĸףλɣʹŵˣŮݣҲסġȿȡ
磡ܾѪĭӣŤȥ

ȥҪҡ
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漴ƫҴţʱ۽滹̴

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һƳʪķŮīƮҡ

˵ͳףмӣ˼ңջԼգѲɵ´ñȥô

һ޹˹ǺﷺϵǿѪȥ

δԼ˵Ļ˦Լʱ˵ĿЦ;ȡ
ʱ˵Ļ

檡
ˮա

Լ͵̬֪ίʱҵȷʧ䣬ʲôͷңҶаԹԡ
ֻˣǷ֮ܲܺú¿ϲһΣ

౾˵䣬ģ޶ִĿ³ʱ̶

ڣͬ˵ӶԸˡ

һ˿⣬ʧС
ɫ̶֮Уˮһƽ޲

˿޵κλ˵Ȥ

ЦŤͷԸˣ̫ذȫͻݡ
漴ת˿䡣

ޱ΢ٴ뿪ԥ

˿ֻ̣һͷ
ˣͷ






57.  057ް棩   

Žصһ˲, ໺ɿ˿еָס
СȻϢɫ֮Уû˲Сں峺ף֪ʱȾɫı

ټ, ˵ʲôо
ʵҲʲôо

ֻǾ˶˵, һѱϵϸҡ
Ҳˡ

ڼĵˮ©, ǰǱٴѵš

໺ߵԺڳر, ĲɵĶ˰ʳ
¼Сȫޣȥ˱̣, ʱˣЩЪϢɡ

հ˸粻Щ֭ô, ȡǸ
Ѿѽ, С¡ü

ȥð, һ𳢳
ëմɫ, ΢΢촽, ˵Цߴ, ó¸޷ܾ

գ΢, ͸Ŵӳڵķɴůϡ
౻ŮٻʱоԴҪѿˡ

ҹ̰, ˵һСζ, پž˯ȥ˭֪һģų²֪˶١
, ϽȥԪءһŮˮ·һСźš

ഩ׵ȥԪʱͬǰ
Сôɫǲǲ£ŤͷԸȥ̫ҽΪơ

øĸ׾õȣѰ˸ĸףµģֻҹ˯Щ
ɫһʣСŶˣ̫ӣ

մ߲ͬһֱæµ֮£ֱҹع֪̫ڷ⣬һƬ飬λ赹뿪
ƣһ̸ֱ̫ͻȻˣҾ֪ԷδСŶ

һƬ飬ǴӺζ
֮仹һѱ֮ԺĻԼ
СŶң˴µ˶ѸԳɹס

һɥżһ˺롣
ʱŻѾ̫ˡ

ʱϵǰյô£˿Ǹӣȴտгײ㣿

ҡͷ

ŶûԵ˼
ҡͷ

ĸ룬ֻ򵱳ٲ£꽫İĽ˲֪ʳˡ
͵˸һۣӴЦû˼͵û˼Ƕϻˣ˿һԵ˼ûУò׻ˣҪú̷ʣĸףҪеԪְ𡣡

⻰˵ĺ  
಻ٶ̸£ͬڼҹ£ʱξزѾϳ͡

ףлʣʵն밲һ¡
Сֱ˵ˡ

󸸻ȥȡ֮ǰĺԼ
ϵһЦǸŮ뵽һˣδʱ㸸ʻἰ£Ҳȡ˼

øĸ׷ˡ
Ŷ£ôܲأͬ㸸ʻ뷨˼ãǿҲ᲻ȥôԶĵط꿪ˬЩˣĸΪ֯ᡭ

һˮӯӯˣĸ׸첲ĸףϴλ˵ҪҼģôֳˡ

üһ䣬żͰˣ㲻ض룬ֻˣŶ·ŮС֣ЦһΣһСŶѰʮȫʮķ
㿴Ż˵Ѱ۾Ŷľͺãôһһ䡣ЦҡҡͷϷԸš

ţͷ¿ӣһԣŮССڵĳ࣬¿ÿڣ˳񾲵ԼʱŻ뵽һ£Сġ
۾һգЦŮɷһ£
룬ͬͼղйأ

ĵͷԸоŮĳɳ

ǰͬ˽Ҷū֮磬ĸɾš
糯źݵС

дúǰһͬǸõͷıϡ
гŵȥͼղο񣬺᲻ãźԥˡ

֪ӲʣͼղԶŮƬ̣Żڼ仹
ʲصģŮǽԪĹΪԪ岻ݴǡ໰ᶨΪʷһյů裬ǸʣɼҪ塣

ͼղֹۣڼǰŶ߲ͬСסʱͷ񱩶Ŵ֣ЧѣΪˣûٲģþɼء
ͼղ֣Ϊ½Ԫֵ¡

ԭ޷ж

һͼղڽԪ֮λƫԶ䣬һ飬֧Ԯ
˵ҫƽں֮ĻӣαǿѹԹصʱǿȨѹƣƱ𵽷Ч

֮þŵ±οʣֻ򵱵ŷ֪ŵ´ӵڳһŵµĵܡ

ǲԸ⣬ɰŴյű˵ͼղ𵴲ϣڹҫƴѾ˷ֱĵز
ʱº͡Чİ취ܰհľŹִͬһͬȥο

βһʣûǿһҪȥȴŮӦ˸ɴࡣ

ȰĿŮϣ̾ǵľŶĳɴˡ
ǰϻô˵һ뵽ŮҪԶȥͼղôãۿɵʪˡ

ĸĪҪģŮչ˺ԼġϥѽϵĻУḧ˸Ѽֱ
ʱһڹٴ⼲żų̫ӽǰҫƣ̫ӷϵš

̫ҪߣøУ˻֣֪ˣٰư׵ǡ
ע⵽ڴϻеС£ˮԲ΢΢һ

*

ȥͼղг̺ܿ춨£ǡպ
˵գ³ͻȻһ׼Ҳִܲ١

ΪŮѡһ֧Ļӣ֧У˼λΪصذŵ

ǰͬλ籾УǰһգͬĸʱתҪ͵еԸ
һգһ·͵նͼľʮﴦվͣ¡

Ҫöһֱ͵￪˲ǡ
Ӽʮأ׳նͼľһؿҰ𽥱ÿ

Ԫڿĺ٣ʶ޷ˮ·ʱ䡣
ӴǮλȥͼղ˵ҲҪһ¡

вʳǮеһذμҵὫذ¡
նͼľذμҵӵܣòʣ䣬ǡɴꡣ

˴δӸѡʱذµıΪڣΨһĲǳо̫٣㣬֮ǰıڸסˡ

ڹ֮ȿֺͷҲҪСͬгԶŵĻᣬһСδ䣬ЩѪģȻǽˮ¥̨ȵ¡

Ԫ˭˲֪Сӣ佻ҲǻĸԵ

ѵãһ·ذ°ͦأΪڳǰ档

ȣߺãȡǰϸϸš
ⱾǸԳ¼׫дģнͼղķ飬Ĭ

֮⣬ʻصд˲ʱ񻥶Сɡ
ζԡ

̫ɽǰڽˮ࣬·Ţߵγ˹ϣûܰʱĳŵĲ弶ûС  
ذ±ӿ첽ţٴǰɽֱӽһĳʱȴС͵Ϣ

ذҪС£˷Ը߹ȥԼš
꣬ˣذνҹһްɡ

½֦ҶôڻĽҰ룬һǰ϶ܸϵ
أմҶˣ·;Ţ֮ƣɽԭϢɡּظһΡ

ذٿȻǰ̽ۻ£ǰһﴦһҿջ䲻󣬵㹻Сš

ذǰһȴִźɷʵʮǰ·˵أûջе
ǣ²Ǽҷ޵꣬С޲ס

ذգнջһҹûܾջһ˲Ҳеˡ
ҿջеС

ϵԼסӣһ䡣
ǰ·̽Ϊ˱֤зСסصǰ䡣

˴ɽѾܽ
Хɳɣסǰߡ

ųʪˮ
Ҫˡ

ͬðŷɳСջУڶʰ˸⣬Цͬ˺ѵն߶š
޶˶ǴĶôÿˣһ˲˱ԭأϸϸȴֲҿ

ֻɴµŮӣˮ٣ʵˮ飬һꡣ
ǷС˵С˰ɣͬ롣Ḿ˷еĻƣȥͷ

ŵһ˲䣬ԭء
ⷿôͬϪļҡе

ɫһʵңô
ǣǽԪˡ

ĬĬ漴ĵ׵Ļɡ
Ѿȥҫһʱˣֱʡ

Դռ޺״̬е㲻̫Ծˡ
һصС£˺¡

ྲ˾ģǸ˼ƼǼҵСˣذνԵһӵĲˡ
һӲƷǰһ

ũС⿴ͨζȴһһĺãУĿڸзʶ塣
ֹˣλҷ򸾵ÿһˣܺóԡ

¼СɨС̵Сһ׷ҲЩŵˣϽȰٳЩʳ

㷹ɾѣڴ齱˯ˡ
һҹصԪ˯һ

һ磬ϴã׼·Ḿ˶űõ͡
С㣬ԼҰ˺ͽ񳿸հİ࣬Щ߰ɡ

ൣԼᵢнٶȣܾСȰӹ糿ҪЩȵĲŲ᲻Щ߰ɡ
븾ɫУþܾ򵥳Щ󣬻ůڵģ

֮ͬ³ݣ׼װ

һݣذԺչǣԼľ

ƺЩˬ  

߹ȥеذνҹϢĿǲô

ذϢĺô˯һҹʯ崲Ӳӻ࣬ҹʵܲˣȥµ񽫾һ£Ű˹ȥ  
ʹѡ

Сˬüͷɵһ
ôӲĴС¾Ȼû£

һ˿ԥʣҹϢĿɻã
ݸһЦüųů˳

Ϣĺܺã˰ִ̽˴Ǻܲ
⵽ذ۵׷ڣɵúѲɽϢĲô

ذ¼ǿԼĶҽ飬ƺá
һ˳󲻾ãСջḾˣȥ

Ľϵĵƿ¶Ĳ˿ӣɵģ崲






58.  058   

նͼľָ
ƹֵз, ȥ˾סĵط

խۣ˻ڣǽ޶, ƺ, ӵӵشصļһĿյȥ
յ֧Ÿ, 죬ڽһ

ǽԪϰס
, ֹֻҪѪԵĺԸ֣Բμ˽

ֻԸֵ, ǳټرǽղμӵ, ֻƶ֡
˵ĿⶼͣڳʤǸ׳ϡ

½ʱ, ҶƼˡ
ֻ, ֪ݲ

һ֪вȨμ, Ϣܿ졣
ʶΧ۵˺ܶࡣ

ͷ£ͷǺߺȹľ, Ⱥǰ̧ӵڱϢ, ֻܿդӵ, ֿȭಫΪš
ءһ, Ȩһȭ, ԷֱһѪֱֱ£, ϲδɱֻ֣ȥһԺˮϵµ˺ܿ㱻ˡ

⵽ʯϲдѪۣüŤͷڹ䣬ˡ
ʱ糱ĺֺ󣬳ڻ߽ݵꡣ

ģľģʮͬŲμӵ˶̫һ
ϴƬ̣ǳЦСֵܣⳡǸԪ׼ģһˣ˰ɡ

۵һ˿ˣԡ
֡

֪˸մĳٵȵȡ국һЦ漴˰벽ƺһϻָܡ
ƳԷˣɵһЦڰֵǵãɡ

ʱΧ۵ҲƳˣ׷׷ЦʱһǰԼٶȣ˺Ͼһơ
һ£쵽ܶ˶û

ͬʱ˼ۡһѪȥ
źϵ˲侪Χߵľ£һԵӿ˹ȥΧס

ʱ˹ĺ˫۷µĿűס꣬üͷѹͣɿ
΢΢һЦ漴Ⱥ

˿ΧҲɵۣ˽š
вˬķڷһף˹ȥ

ϸӣһ·ββ¥ŶڵĽ¹һŤԼ
ԭǸǰһԵ֪Ҫȥô

ǣԷǸʲô⣬ҲȥôУ˵ţϴ߽¥ȥ

*

һҹƣͷð˳
һ߻عٵʱϵŢѾˡ

ûãɽеϿȵش
ذ»ΣĲ˿תȴֲСǰչֳһ棬ֻøͦżʱֱó涣ҧ.ޱȡ

˲ʱӻͣ£һƣɽ֮УһƬ赲סȥ·ɵüɫһ
ذͣԭأüͷҹСΪִⲻɽˡ

ԭ뵽˴ɽ϶ʯ׻¡
ִ·ҹӺܾܿˡ

ذͷߣϢʱ΢΢ŸݵٻӰɫһ
վŵģСô

£ôˣذ¼ȹӣ¶źƵСȣεֻۣúĿرܡ
ಢδذ£̧侲ָһǵذνǱһ·Ӧܹ̽ȥ·ͨôǿԣٹȥ

ذæӦ£С侲ָӣͻȻðЩԵζ
ǰĸ˵ҪץסǧѷĻᣬúСǰ֡

һģԵ޶۽ˡ
ذԼ˴ǲȥ̽

Ȼһխ·ֱͨϿһͷ߰ô
һ˳ͨкذĴǡ

ͨʱΧԻδɺԣ̶̼ʱ˭ôڿһͨϿȵ·أ
ǲܵ

ٿأһͷذͷ
²մСµĸԵĹ⣬ԭ飬ΪС¿һ·

˼ΪȷĿǰĽˡ
һ̺ذµͷСЩһĸ顣

Ϊ˼ӿ쳵нٶȣཫеʱˣ;˸ƥݣͣЪʱ䡣
һӳ򣬸·ҹҹû˰취ɽֻҰ֮УĴҹһСջṩЪŵĵط

൹ûʲô·Сջ˵ͨϪҵ࣬ûʲôǳԵĺ˯㡣
ذ¿ɾͲһˣȫˮ֮С

ذСͷǸ״õģСţĶֻĽҰԿࡣ  
С´δԹԼҲֻһ·š

ֱͼղͼղǰֻճʱ˶յذڳŲסˡ
ڰ;Укֹһգˡ

иŵĴΪ˵òᣬͣ¾ա
ԴˣھεģذԼָ·Ѳ˵ĸϵ

밢ǵ·ûм죬ذµĸʳȥͼղͬʱ޷Զеذ;Ҹա
ʳһӺƺƵΪۣൣİ·˽ٳ֣֮ʳȥǡ

ȴҴ£鷳

ͼղλƫһɽ֣;ϡ٣̽ӼΰյͼϵıʶѰӣ˸ա
²⼸أܶӶǨҲӲ֤ʵͼղֵȷء

ǵˣΧƺҲݿ͹ۡ  
һյ·Ѱһ䡣

ĺʱּ֣価ͷԶĴ䴶ǻ㡣
ԻԲѵذ£ɵó˿

֮⣬С
⼸ս˼Ժ䣬ڿһ԰ýѡҡ

Ҿ֮߰ģ㰴յ԰ʱʽɰɡ
ǡ

غлţԪĳнĶˣ
յĻţŵµĳѾͼղľڣվܽˡ

ţ˶ŵڸĶͼղ𣬸Żһ;뻢Ѩ
ǣס

ôӦţΪӾһΪλԪСӡ
Ȼòƣڷ⣬ŵԴǱҲӣôһ

еӣһֱɣݻ˵һ䡣

Ҷ¡
ƾʧ

ֹү˺ܴ̼ǵʱĿôµˣҲŵˡ
ºӱԹµĽɡ
λԹ⣬Ӿûڹһ㡣

ٺһйص˻£ͻ᲻
Ĺ۲죬˳ӣǻ˼ӵð취

յʱһգյغţ˵ĳӽձᵽͼղ
ԡ£һȥдĲ¥š

˵οӦ
Ա˴˵ǰóȻǰˡ

ֻԶԶؿһҲá  
ȴûȵࡣ

*

ǰ
ذµȷúأһȥʱѾʼ鴤  

⴦䲻С֣ǰкϪǰһ޼ʵĲԭֱֱͨҫơ

ذΪз㣬óĸ峤ݣ峤״ȻҵһˣסԼҡ

ذ²أ˴æȥѯȱʧҩģͬ´粽ذԡ

ذеʹĶӲ㣬ֻӿ첻ˣһԵ
ȥȡЩտˮΪӲӣӣҩιͿĨ

ȡ֮ǰ͸ӵҩ࣬һԡ
ǣ¡̴»䣬ֹס˿СӦ¡

ŤͷԳµߣҴ峤һá

ذµĲеء˵ذӦץó涣ҧĵط¸Ⱦټʱ·;ԵĲθڣ˳θⷬӦ
ಡ֢յһ𣬴ЩԶԸ

ʱͽţΪذ³գذǴЩѪɫˡ
л¡ذ´귢ף˵

һ·ϺԽĲˣǸļó·°ɡ
ذϹĨϼ죬׵ͷ͵¡

ͷذ¸ù˯£׼ȥʱԺһĵĽŲ⴦
̧ȥϵţæס£Ͻݡ

£ʲô¼üɫأɻ
Ĭҡҡͷ

ֻϣǰ㡣

ʱһߺǣԪŹţҵҫƽӪǰֻҪŹʵʵߣ˵һɿԻ
һ󣬳¾У漴ǰ£ôҫƵˣοô죿

ظŸոյĻ˲ð޺ڣǰ˼ȴһ££ū澶Ľ£Ȼ󡭡

ɣ֪㲻ǡ쳣侲һ˲е¶ͨˡ
漴Ժϼµݡ

ҡҡͷ  
ܿ嵱õѡ

øߡ

ȥذ£ȻĽյֻ˵Ǹӣмǲɽдˡ
²ߣҪ˵ʲôͻȻǹײ졣

δ˷Ӧһ죬ݳĴ󶴡
漴һӰ

¸Է˭ʱСѾˣ
£

¶Ĩ󶴺һŽнԶĽŲ˳״סˡ
ոհСץߵģô̫ӣ

Ժҫˣģ

౻ԾʱҲµġ
æӸµɨԺ

ȷҫƾ
˿㽫СԺΧ

ԶվҫеĴ峤һЦ

ҪϽ뿪ʱ˺׵ĸԪŹ̫ӽڴ˵أ
üͷһѹʲô

ûﻹذ£ҲҪߵģٴظһ䡣
ȻͷҲصıԾ·⵽Ϻ˵ʬ塣

ԭǿص
üͷٷӦѾɳ

һˮһʱ䣬ͻ־ŵ඼ûʶ˿ʲôס

ԪСˣȫ׷ץģ
ҫƾͳֱӺԵ̫ĸ֣׷ȥ

޲ɳۣܵĺܼ౻ڻʹһ硣
׷ԽԽܣҲͻͻ

ٿأͻȻѹбǰ󼸺ϡ
ವһɼͷ

󱬷һŭ𣺡˵Ҫץģ˭ٷżɱۣ
һŭּٴΰΨ

žһڵƥͻȻͣ£ǰ̧һ⧲ޱˤ¡
˵Ȧס

漴һ췭ظֻ÷ת䣬ԼҪˡ  
֪˶ãϢȫ뷢ùζǿ⣬˳бһ·ȥ

ʱǰһƬڰ
ʹ

ȴһ˫ů֣󾱴ĺ
죬ĴĽ뿪

Ĩ˸յأȫ¡

ŵģʱȫãֻܸܵ˺ѿĻһԡ
ûһ¡

һеںڰ֮У¶һĨεЦ
ѵĲǵô

ڲĵĿ־ĪĻϲ֯һ𣬷ӿϡ






59.  059   

꾩, ¿ʼһл᲻ף
ӵͷһֻһϢͣ漴״

漴, ץסһͷ
, û

, ĻֲԸ, һİ˻һվ˻¡
ᷳԹޣڷŵĶˡ

һǵ
ֻǲѡ

侲ͬʬһĵϡ  
˿ȫ, һɹȵѪ˳Ŷڵ, ܿ, Ѫȥ

ΧĿʪ, ǵĳض֮, ϸȥϸ΢ˮ
бϿȥ, ϡɵĲľ϶, ͸΢Ĺ⡣

ɫƺҪˡ
죬ҫƵľӦûѷ

ȥ, Ӧܵȵغҹ
ͼΧĴ䲻٣γñûд, ֻñּ·Ѳ

ʱҫ˵Ӱ, Ļˣһжü

ʱ, ӰͻȻһȥ
ʶ뻽סȴŲڣֻ˫ĿĶĨӰԶֱҲŲ졣

ǿ˸ƽǡ
ڴŴ

ĵһֱľ
ģȴֲò

֪˶ãһO@ǳ۽ǴȻðһƬ΢Ļ⡣
Ŭ۾Ƽ岽֮ĵطǰһѸ֦Ҷ

ɫͣӳůɫĻ⣬漴ջСڴС
Ķ䣬СҶȼһƬһЩĻƣ󽫸ɲȥ

ܿ죬ˡ

޾ؿģǰһ£ˡ
壬Ƕʱ䣬ǿҰӰȥġ

һμΪδǡ곦θʣһֱԱӻᷴθŻ£뷨ɿݵľͼľȡ

ﲻæֻؿȣľһԵţֱƤѪŰѻš
ʱĺִţΪһʶˣЩ

ž죬ʵ֮С
öĻУһȴ˵۽ǲײĿٹ䣬ûճѪˮʧˡ

˹ŽΧ
⴦ɽСԶɽȪĹۡ

أ˿ôˮȡ

ĿһƣżƽѪ֮УѪȫס
ĬĬתûٿ

ʱͷǱѪǺסˡ

ĬƬ̣ȥ

ࡣ˶ʶģһ΢ĺ

ʱͣסţӸµĿ

̫ӵ£ҵĹϵֵ½еδ̫ˡ

ĮڿյɽС  
޳ĬƬ̣ŻĿڵŵ¡

ؾصĸ˳ƺл̫ӵ½վң˿ҫƵľһڴ˶һգӦúܿѰҡ
֮ǰֹԱѵ˰ǣʳһǱۻ

ֻҪϹһգܵȵˡ
ȷ⸱ӣܲܳŵա

Ƶġšǲɰ̫Ծ
üβһ뵽̫ӣڽԪǸʲô󣬻ߵԶ£Ҫ

ͷһ˲䲻ĵ˿

ûƽɻܲ
Ļûκ¶ȣ֮ͬǰͬߵĻ¹ٽҪȴ˿º͡

ؿڷơ
͵Ӧš

෭ָ󾱣£ʣио
С

Сһ˳ż£
С

ֱȷӦò̫أŲ󣬲СĽѪз
ǰĺܽŬ۾뿴ϧѪˮУֻһƬģ

ƺеطѪֻȿһȻ򵥰㴦ҪȰ·ˣҡ

ڻ޵Ľʱ޺ͣɵԳһЦ
ôڵ֪Ů֮ˡ

ûδǾ䣬ſڵŵ·ģ֮Ҳҽ˵µ
İԼ˵ȽˣӦ֪ͺãһԣ׷Դ˱ˡ

ģҡ
ͬҷ׷ǹʣ̸Ŷ֡

ĸġɤȻᣬ棬ڿЦ
סӦˡ

ĸĺûٶԣΪѪȾ͸

ҡҷǵܳѪУ֮⣬˵ĻϻЩ֦Ĳ
£˻ܴķΧУֻҲֱۺͼͷǵ˿ɾͲ˵ˡ

ǵϴμʱұϾżа塣
첲Ҳˣôܶ

üͷһʶĴ޵Ŀڴ﷭ҩҳҩƿһ˲䣬ʶԼĶƺ̫Щ

̫һֱЩֹѪҩˣʱضյʡ
ޣ˫Ŀ΢أû⵽Ķ

û뵽̫ӵ³ŻôҩҲ١
Էһڲɵóô

ҿûҡһۣ
ޣ

ûٶԣнļֻҩƿҧҧСܵ޿ĵط
ʱŲݱ׵Ĳ˻

һ۱ϣ漴£ѩ˳Ĳƺȷ¶ĶЩ


Ⲽ

Ƽͨ͸ɫۺѹס˹̵ո˵ĴĪҪ룬ˣеڶӣ㲻ˡ
֪ƲסĻϲ

۰ɣµЩᷳ
˵ʵƢûͷûԣ͹ԹԵıۡ

һմŵĶ棬ǰ
ڰɣŵ¡޲ûдۡ

ԷһŵĿǣ˹ȥ

ʱܵһɣ漴⿪¡
ײ¹˹

һ˫ϸ޹ǵСɨͷ䲻üͷҲԱü١

ǹˡ
ӡУ޺ٻƶüк

δ١

šӦʱײʯˡ͵˵˾䣬ͦߵġ
ԵĻһסͷٴεԸҶȸɾܿ˿Ρ

Ǿ;ŵˡ
㡭Ҳϰɡ

֮û˵ʲôŴģǺʲôסƵġ
̧̧漴մȪˮĽΪ塣

ɽȪ̹ǣҪµĳ嶯ȴĪȺġ
ʱ˿òʱѾ۳һ

ǵ޵ױɽй˶ãֻõʱֱּֿȫǰٺʱ֪Ƕ·ܳ

˵ˣĿƵ
֪Ϊʲô

ղȥּʰľĵʱ뵽һ¡
·;У̽Ŵ˵֮ǰ·ûмЩСջܺܺ˵

ЩͨȴܺζĲȡ
ЩƾɣȴϪļңм߷

Ƕʱ䣬ʢжӡ
ԼҪˡ

ʯƾճֵĹҲֱˡ
ǰ뿪նͼľԭ;µЩ¡

ʲô
ô

ϡ

ŵ¡ͻȻ˼
Ҹое䡣޻˵Ϳһ˿

ʢ֮ʱҹͼղڣ˹
Ҫ˵ʪɽˡ

ۼ귢ϣЦһ
ڹԺղˣűɪɪʱĶأ

Ϊֱ꣬ӸԭأһԵˡ
Ƭ̣ʣŵ£Ǻˣ

ˣѵоôŶˣ˵ˣĳȫѪˣ¿Űɡ


Ǵܲȡ
òܶһ࿴

ܣϻۣѵҲ뿴۾ô
ڸڲµۣ˲ʧ

ͻȻЩңסۡ
ǰöʣ½ңΪʲôǣô


ӲһƫƧ˸ңô

̫ӣ˸ڹǺξģ
ɫ糣ȥҫ;У˳·ˣŵ²ض롣

ãŶˣߵ̫æҳǰѾȥҪȡ֮ǰĻԼˡ
ޣ

ʵ˵˰ɣڳ˽Ԫ֮κεط£Ҷȵµġ
ΪǲڽԪΪͽգȰҲʶ㣬Щʵһ

ΪҸ졣
ӷ̧ȡǰĲ


Ŀԡ

ףҪȷϡ

ǳЦЩ£Ҷ˵ˡ
ʲô

Ǹ˻Ҫǿ̧ŮӰǰڼ˵Ĺָָ㣬ҪȥƣܰѵάԷһ󣬸жˡ
ľúܶģΪֵ

ţӦþˡ


ٿأһϺ
ǿǻ﷭ӿʹ̧ۿ

ҲµСѰκ繡  
ֻо  

˵Ķԡ
Ѫ۵üβһͷ˴ĺӡ

Σ΢

΢СĿ
Ұô

ҲȻЦˡ
ҪʲôãѲǰ¾һʹô̫ӱʫ飬ˮգƾԲô

Ҫ徻徻𣿡

ٿȻ޵ĴǻһĨǳЦɫº͡
ˡ

֮⣬ʲô˵ڡ

˼ˣʵĻʳˡ
͵վ˵ڡ

ͤУΪµĶŭѡСʱֻΪȥ  
ƹģѡֻ࣬þӲء

ˣΪǱƣ𰸡
ʶҲ׷ˡ

ͷĴٴλŧá
˰˵Ըȴİĥ

עóɻҵİԶõĲ
ˣȴֻĲˡ

ǳͷ˰ɡ

ƺЩˡ
µ£ȴЦ

ˣ˵Щֻǲپˡ
ģк֡

ܹ飬Ѿˡ

֮󶼳ĬãĿУֻг೤ĺ
ʱ𽥰ٴȥҸɲ

̧üģĨٻӰҪȥʲô
ûʳڡ


֪ȤЦЦűʯ˯ȥ

ʱѾڻѵһ࣬أԵŸӳԡ
ĿһƳ

֪ˡ
˿ûҪָԼ˼֪ȤİŲ

ͷĴ죬ĬĬʿˮ

油˶ӣ׼Ѱط˯һʱɽкðһ๾
붵ӵĹӣϸѡһݸ

ҪôζɲôóԣƽճԵЩ
֮⻹ڡ̧ðȷһ

ǸŴֲӵСë΢΢Բ۾ԼСӲ̫óԣܹҪô
ʱӻûָֻ̫Сڵҧ£漴üһ죬ü˵ᣬҸ㻻һ

˺üѰһôɬĹӵݸԼ
ҧȥĵһڣ˳

ʵ̫ˡ
Ǹζ룬ҵᵽָо

¾£ݳޡ

ŵر߽ô˵ҰӣƤҲԹһЦֽǸƻ
漴ҧ˿ڣЦ𡣡

ôǵ¶Щ˸̵ĸƶζһųԹǸҪڡ
ɽҰò㹻գôܻأ

޹߻˵ġ
Ծͳ԰ɣĲ

˼أߵһԣѰ˸ЩĵطűĿ
ƣһ۱˯ȥ

һ磬һܵĽŲоѡ
ʱɽѾӿһˣ߻谵ǿϳȥȥŵǵ

С¹£٣ܾˣˣ
û¡Ĺˣȫ޵Ӱ

ϲ֪ʱƤ̺ӡ

·ҹһжһΡ
ʲôʱģ

ҲǸġ
ôģ

¿Ĳ˳һ·㳤û뵽ۻǸʱǽһƬֻ֪ź˵ҫڲذ½֪˾ŵ±˾ˣּһ·Ѱ

˳ŵµҵ

ƼеĲµӡ
ġ

ʣذνǰã
Щҫ˵ʱȥ׷¡ذνͬ˳ȥ

Ǿͺáذ»ŵϢɵó
£Ǳ˭ˣǵ𣿡

۴С£ϳһЩҳû˿ڡ  
һͷôѪ˭أ

ಢδشֻ°ڣԸߣȻǸӡ  
ֽ̺ӵ

һص䣬ԶԶأ㿴Ʈẓ́ʱʱĻŮͬӵĿ޺
ͣԭҫȥ׷֮ǰһѴ

ͷʱðһŭ𣬸ȥѴ峤ҳ  

ǮŮĴ峤ʮĲԭϱ֣˼ʱץǽձѽҫƾڡ

漴һӶץ˻֮һ·˰ŵǡ
µףŵӭһֵһ졣

˲֪λӻľŵ´Ǯľˣյִ˰ŵǡ
·ԣУռеӭ

֮ǰֹԱߺ飬ͬͼղܶ÷ڳӭӡ
ǵһԹԶοʣ֮У⣬ǰ糱ĻԼ벻Լôܻӭ

֮ǰʸǱдͼղİҳϵͽʶŻȡ

Եһ¥޴ɫұ۴żͷżа塣
ţɫ԰ס

ͬ׸һԣһã⽵ıԹղܷ磬۰ҲٻźãĴε˵ͬһط浱Ұΰٲ
Сǲˣˡü˳ڡ

Ǹ򣬽ұ޵δ𱸣Ǹ
ΪܼĻᡣ

գҡҡͷֿλ£ͼղǺ䣬ܺҿɲ֤ҽˡ

۲Ų׵ӣֲġ
˵ĲˣҪòտ͹ˡ

ΣǾͲˡ
˵οú˵ˡ

ףнչ޼˴һξ룬ʡ
ףϸѯ⼸ͼղʵֻ겢ûǰأɱȴ⼸һΣ췴ƣĿǰչһڽԪܶľڵȱʧ

ֹˡ
ǡ

ɣǾҪȥҫһˡ
һ̼ˣڵӿɲȰǰٳ;ԶУұ֤ˣ첲϶ˡ

޻׵ȻһЦˣ˴ҶСģ˵ǡ
ÿζô˵ġ۳̾

䣬ŵµĳѾߵ¥ĲԶ̧ƿһǣһɺ紵
ţĿƶš

֡
лˮ¡

Ŀڣֹסĳʹ
ֻžԼǻŵġ

һ۽ǰ£漴Ʋóҩˡ
һ١

ǰóҩˡ  
ȴҩҽ






60.  060   

ԪػǴ֮һ, µĲԵܶ÷ɵĹۡš

ͼղȽѹͶеĴ峤÷ɴã֮ȥڸʩ, һ, ලݵķַ
ܿ, ʶܶ÷ΪŵЩг̸ڱ棬͸, ÿճȥתһȦͻ

˹̶ʱ䣬ͬļ䣬ӻ֮, ʲôá
ĵӿֳŽΧ, ֻΪ˼һ档

ǵ, ໹ЩŽֹ߲, Բһ, żţ߽ȫҾ׸
ȡ

ŵǺ, ͻȻڵֹÿȥʩӵг̡

ͼղ, ܶۡ
ߺ˵ŵѾδܶۡһ, ߺԴЩƷܶۡ̽ŵ¡

ţߺ鷿еľŵ¡
ߺ֮ǰӭǴ, ˵һμ, ԭУߺͬʵ÷ݡ

ĸͬߺĸ׽ãձ, ýһ۵ߺһС塣
괩󣬻˺м䣬ʱߺ鲢İ

֪ߺãδص磬ֱó鷿

ߺȸĳݺû߼鰸ĨɫӰ
ഩɫƵĳ˸ķ٣ֻɵĴΣɫδ¶ɫ

ŵ򸣡ߺؾص˸
̧Цߴ˰á

Ů峺͸ߺһ㶡
֮ǰڳӭӣδͬŵɣ㶯ȥͼղĶңֱջ֪ŵδ

Щλʱһ˽¼档
ԶٶЩн

еľᣬǲϲ裬漴ͬߺȥ˲谸
ߺ곤꣬涼ࡣŴ׹ϵڽԪÿٳɳʮģȴѹλ

ǰˣͬпʸߴһֱԼСг롣
ߺ࿡㣬˶һҵģֻУһ˵У뵽ޡ

⵹Թߺ飬볯ñ̲ƹ̷߶ˣմŴ˵ĺ䡣
ʵߺʱѾԼͼˡ

˿ߺүͶȥĿ⣬Ҳû뵽ʱԼϲǽͷº׽СѾͷһˮӡ

˶δߺ뵽ʱͬǼһСţⲻϹصͷʣŵڿʲô飿
΢Цеľݹȥʵߴ˽ղҲȥѰһ˵ġ

ţӹᣬĿһƣԭͼղʷټ¼ĵᡣ
źһǽͼղȫݡȸ

ߺ̧Ƴ鰸˺ü顣
ʮʮľᡣ

ԭսԼڿЩ﷦ζľᡣ

С¿˶٣档
ʮġ

࿴ܿ죬ڴһֱɨ໰Ӵʱ䡣
ߺգȴȻһ

˵ʵЩ﷦ζľᣬԼȥʱΪԵѹӲԼ϶˽ʮġ
ߺ

Ĺټ¼䲻˵ʵȴҵ˽ͼղ÷ʽ
ߺס

⵽飬ߴӦҲЩɣڵͼղô
ôͼղʳȱҪ⣬֮⣬յġߺ鲻ýŷ£ԥͣסյĬĬ¡

壬ӿȣԲԣգգۣΪ
ǵģ¡

ߴûǰҽˣСҲҽôǳǳһЦɵĻߺεѹȸУɵڶ䣬ֽϢࡣ
ĺ䣬ߺͻȻһ˿ʱ˵

ߴҪΪѹģͼղ鼰ǻ˽⡣
Բӣ˴ǰжֵȨͼղܶ÷ɴ֮ҡ

ͷȷߺ֮ϵĻȨôܶ¾ͺðࡣ
ͬ÷ɲ죬ƫƧĲְ꣬ٶһʵ۵ļӣָӲ

ߴˣ±ˣ
Ӿпȥͼղıÿ¶УڣƵ

ãӣٱҫƵںƶ
ţǸҫƴŵĴ峤Ϳˡ

ǣѰ̣Чȡ
ߺᣬȴ̲ˣ˼ά񣬰참ϣҲͼղʱǰ

ټܰհĺͼղ
ʵϣһһյ£˳ͼղı

˶ԴİŶ֪
ɱ˴˶֪Ŀǰѹˡ

ߴ˿Ըҷͼղ࿴ͷߴ˼ȻҲ˾ᣬ֪ͼղλ⣬ֲϣʳճһֱá
⴦ҫơľҪأʶЩͼղһֱȷָפرĽʿԹص˽սϵı

ʶΪʳ⣬Ҫġ
ߺ׸ͣ⼸ݵʳܶȱټϳˣ۸Ѿʧء

ߴҲδʳǱˮн
ߺĬȻͷ

ԲһµСһĨЦС壬ǵѰЩķ¡

ͻһС壬õ侲ߺңϢĶˡ

ͷߺûã㴫ţ˵̫һǰѾҫƱ߾
û˵ʲôתհŵլӵ¡

ζҪܶۡ
Ѱ˶լӵЦףʵʱ򣬽ׯլ˴ˣдסլӺǲձְȥӦû⡣

ھԼȥơ

ȥ˵ǴլԺֻһȦ԰֪ǩˡ
ǩ⴦լԺŽҪ֮¸֪ܶ÷ɡ÷֪ŵͻȻҪߣ˲ðͷ亹

ǲֱŵס棬ö˶˵ͻȻߣ˶ҲԵ½Ŀǰ㣬סΣա
û˵ֻЦǰŵڵլסŶΣգֻȥǣǶ֧ԮЩˡ

÷֮⣬Ŀõ²Ҫǣֻ˼ȫ
ٸסܶҲΪİΣһ㱣ϡ

һۣԸܶ

*

ʮ̡
ԺڽƮ㣬Сͤڵƻͨ˼Сڵͬߺ鷭ЩͳƵʳ۸ʳڼĿ۸Χʱ¶һеģ⻺

£ߴˡ¼רע۷˫˫ͶĿ⣬ЦŶԶ˸˸
ͤɲŮòӰ˫

ֹסЦ
Դ˰ŵǣ»СΪЩͷϻ²ƣߴ飬С±նͼľ״̬öˡ

ֻߴƽʱǶ˭ֲ׽˵̬ȣȥܾôЩ˵׺ݣЩġ
ֹеҲŷɥײҴ档

ôˣľʲôŵζ
»æ£ڼҵ̴ģ˵ǼӸմ˵լˣ㽫д꾩صţ

˵ţ°ѽд򿪣ŨĸζϢ
ֲľ죬ԭ꾩巼իĸ㣬ͬ±࣬꾩ʱеĸ㡣

֪֮Ϊͬ޴ݻ꾩ǲһС
°ɣͬߴ˻Ҫ̸

¸Ҫ뿪Сʣ̽ڼô
صµĻ̽ˣݸܼҵСӣİ

ܼҡ
Ʈģ˼

ܼҲ֮ǰȥݰ참ʱǸܼô
ǵãܼӪ

*

ڼǰԺУžײ첻ڶ
סغ㡢һλŽµƾš

һĽӺͷƿƣ˦һӷ˲ˣشҲ̫ˣôԴԶıͣ
Ըķ䣬չҪҶġغûһۣص

ǰһСƱͼԵ׿ɾûôõˣһҹֻӮ˼ӡ
İ˵ţУһĨӰƮ˳ȥ

ͷһʣüͷԹţǵ·ûô
׼ӶԺȥˣĬĬ̾

ʱڶİ£ߴٵүһˣӮ֣

ǲȥûãЩ޷嵽լȥϲϲ㣬ֻⲽǰԺͼƽ顣
ţߵ˴լſڡ

Ƭ̣˳ȥ
ܴҡڵ߽լȴֹʹһ·ߵլǰ

ϵҷ㶣Լ佥ᵽլĹ
ʱԺڵĽ𣬿һܺáһ깲Ҳǲ

Ŀĵĺ˼룬ٿأŲ֪ʱ󿪡
ʶıܵǽ󣬶ſڡ

СƵģһδεĬ࣬ΣԷܴǵźƵġ
ôˣӦ˯˰ɡ

޳롣
ǡʱɫźĻ谵У߳ˡ

ͬźɫĳһһ͵Ӱ
úܽǼ粢һ

ôԶޱȵĿڶЦţԷͬףЦڸ˵ʲô
һ̣ȫеѪҺڸҪҪ

ʧء
ѹӣ϶ų̶ǡ

ܿƵĿӺЦˣӴһֻ̧֣ȥ

漴Ůǽ¸ʳе˹ȥ
ǲȥǺи㡣

ߺ飬¼СƣȴҲЦ⣬ʣߴǰ˸ʲôѽ
ߺֽǳЦյյյװˣһղŲ³

߰ɣǻȥտ̫飬ˡ
䣬ͻȻоиĿעԼ͵ػͷİ

һƬ
ûˡ

޹űվǰԺһˮǰʪ͸ˣ˿޽ǣεδˮ
µˮӳɫԡ

ǰǷſһĻ
ٱǰֻ֣͸˵ʳУƺϰΪŮı顭

ϴ˵ԹԵˣסҪǰĳ嶯Ϊһ˿ҡ
ǰﰢһֵġ

ֻҪǻأ¿ʼ

ء

ҪȡǵĻԼºͱ˿ʼô
Ϊ˵ӣҹҹΪ˵ãеᶼ˳ĳһˡ

ֻԶˡ

ʱ֪Լ뿪ģܻլƽˮԼѡ
֮󣬷ŵһĻĻ֡طš

ԴٴˮС

ϢıԵ˳ͷͷϵķȫɢˣͷʪϣڸסϡѹһǧصʯͷͷϥ֮С

졣
Ե˵ʲôһ䶼ȥ

ֱ죬ǿ
һڰϣ㣬ĴԼľľģ죬ȴһ仰˵
ںȴûĺ

ٴϢӿ죬ģҲˡ
ת






61.  061   

°ŵǵ峿Ѿܹ
һ, סլԺߵ췿š

ʱԺļҶ۽İݴˣСĽ
Ժ죬һƣһһŮվ, ⡣

ǳЦ, Ӹеʳнͣҹǲһص㵽԰, ҼĻ񡣡
Ŷ, ԭڼ԰ġ

ǡ
ԺɫºͣʳУǳһ, л⣬ܷ˭֪С, СҲתʱǼСү

ЦЦ, ֻҼذ, ԺסĿݾӪܼң
Ժһ, ׵ǣܼڽԪҲô

½͵Ҽ, ˲֪ܼء
ԺЦЦ, ˿˼䣬Իظ

»ظʱ, ڼͼղʳԤ˳ͽȥ, û˵ʲô
СʳͲˮ, ƼֽϵĹʣ£㻭ʲôѽ

˵, ԰ӣĪҪ˵ûֻ֣ѣ˿ڲ裬͵а֡
ƽʱϲЩǡ

մʱһжӦʲô̲裬ơըݷ絰⡭ִеʳ¡ϼȥŷĥȺӡ
ˣûǰ㾪ȣֻüЦԽԽˡ

ôûУĻˮƽҲǸжѣ˽ЩϪ꾩Щȷɳ˲١
ҲǸ£һֻĴˣСѾͷˡ

ǽԪľŹˮȵĳҪ̷
˼ٶԣͷ㡣

ʱ֣ܼϸϸͬ˵
ԱܼլסܼҵӣҪܼĿǰ⡣

仰˵ܼϢռ죬֪Ԫͼղ󣬼ǰڰŵʼֻܹҹܿأܼһֱǾ⡣
ʱͼղҪĶʳȱ֮ʱİŵǣӦΪ˼ලѺ

ݼΧݽ֮磬һ˫ķᣬܼң֮ǰг滮ַƺҵһִе㡣
ͷҪλܼС԰һ̸¶һ뷿ڡ

ӣܼλСˡ
ɫһλܹǲȥһʳе棬Ǹʲô˼ˡ

ҪһŵⰢŵڵ⡣

ɫЩ̫ȻʣĶô

һЦС֪ˡ
һƣɫɵóȥ

ԭİҹԼȥŵǵ̸
ʲôطͼղڣȫԪ֮ء

֮ǰӸʸǱ֪˵֮Ũҫ˶Ľ

˼ҲΪͼղѾҳһ࣬ҵ㷢ʢ
ԽĳԲϷˣԽϲùֵطֻǴ˾Ͷࡣ

Ϊͼһʱֽӱʵ࣬ǣΪ˶һ뷹ԡ

֪󣬵üͷŭܼҹô˷ŵһμԼڴ˵ء
ŵڿǴ£æӣɲȥ

ΪԪĹʶݣֻߴ±¶
ɾȫˡ  

ͷǸӴզֺ̧üģ˼ãŶȥػɣȥ

*

ŵ찵µĺ硣
ɫһ䣬ЩƤ⿪ʼӪźš

ɾֱֿ֣ó¸ԼüëѹЩɫķۣе˵ģ


˳ŵƺ̵ﴵ˹ڼõϣЩˡ

ﲻãΧһȺװ¶ǵļӣǴŴֲڵĻ£ϴ۵࣬մζûɢȥ
ǰȺŮ˸ɶƵʶҪסС£γУֻΧܱСµֻ

ţǰ߱ǡ
˵˾䣬ףֱǰߣø첲ײЩӡ

һ·ɫɫ˲͵ļӣƼ겻ͯſɵӣֱ˳ȥֱ
൭ݵСӹһ˿ȣ֪ŵ.֮ͯȴ棬ɵüͷ

ǵãڶǰֹ¡
аһʡ

ʱݪǰݳİӣС˼ˣæͷ˽ȥ
˵⴦ǰŵĵļ˹ݣơ

ȥһů
ûʵװͬ·ǼҲԣӭļŵңǼ۸񲻷ơ

֮ǰȥʱѧʶı£һű֪ӡЩѰϡ
ΪλܼСҪԼˡ

ͬһǰһ˶¥ż䣬֮ңżʮӵұ֣ⳡۻ᲻רż׼ģѾʼжʱˡ
İ˶ѹϸ۵ļͷһؽԪʣλĪ԰ӣ

ףվ಻ɫĴİ
Ȼܼҹӷŵţǰġ

λܹһһ࣬ˡ
İȻ⵽ݵӰǫһЦİ֪մ

ذ¡ӲͷƤλڻƤԴذСĴ
˲֪ذǽԪĹϡ

ذֺһϯ˵ĿԾۼϣɫдźڵĻϲ뾪ȡ

ڴذ£е⡣
Ϊڼ֮ǰǲ˽ذ˵ȨƵɢȥ

ʱŵ˲֪ŵͼղλذСǸӣ֣ʵеһǮȨ֮˻ˮ˼

㰴С¸׼Ļ˿ڣһ֡үұĲУĴ

İ˼ذϼҵ󣬱ˬĽϯһһܸ
ģڸͼղҫˣھѺˡóģͼղڣĿǰܽӴʳĹͷۼڴˡ

ɵø̾ԼãլǡլԱߡ

Щˣǵûˡ
䲻̸ȴǸܺȾƵĺӣڱ̺Уͳһס

ƹѲﻹֱӵûүǶʱЩõϢˡ
žλȨһذС棬ⱧԹԪм˳̫֮¡

ԭͼղʳãܶ÷Ϊ˻ʳȱ⣬ڴ£ſʳɹǰǱ뵱ɵʳӽгۡ
һ۸ȥǱܶơ

ʵм̲ͽһţջ򲻵۸ʳ
ͼղʳ״ǣʳĶȱǰѡ

߳˳ɡ
Щ̿ɱʱһѹƵŭǻð

ɽ߻ʵԶԹûʵĻߺŪ棬ѹ֬࣬Լװӵ£Ѿǵһμˡ
ֻͼղȵʤҪɶĶࡣ

ôʤֻѹθ̵б˽ң÷ɼЩմ״ʵġмˡԵȴѪܵͷ
һߺ̧ʳ۸񣬴лһ..ưգ⼤

ǻֶεĺóӣ

뵽⣬ֻؿڱƣҲȥˡ
ٿףСŭ⣬ɵø

һԵİ̧ۣǹĨŵЦ⣬֣ذСȥĶոܵ⼸λɶպҪТģǲƺȼ໥˽˽⡣
ҪܾСΪƣѹãūȥС⣬Ƭ̾ͻء

౻߶ɵίʵˣȥ͸͸һԳݡ
ڣһƺ˳쾮ϵĴ£˲Ѳ١

Ŀĵţõ¾ƽʳ⡣
۹ߣѲͼղĸԴ

ֻðճԱסпܽһ⵱칫ŭԹ
˼ȫݽԼ˼Уѹû⵽ǰֵˡ

ͷͷײϸʵţǼһǺ˵ľæˣǸ
ȴľ岻ƽݺݵһš

һĵʹ˲ȣ֮࣬һûüӦѾƽǰ֮˵ĻУһ̣Ѿ

̧ۣԷȫǸİס
ȥȴĸ

˷žƼ·СΧǻƺˡ
ɫ㣬ü촽ݣɫйټģȣĵ˼
Ȼס˫žɫԲ崿˵ġ

ĶС㿡Σͬһ桭
δ䣬ƵһδǸʲôʱ§ҲӦء

ٿأץźϵ·ٻʱ֨ѽһѾһޱȵ᷿
㡭

Է⧲ס죬˵ݺһڣ⴫ܵĽŲ
үôˣͷѪ𱣿˰⵽ô¡

һӵĺ庰˵ĲᣬԺĺšץסǸС֮Ļⲻĵš
ʶԷԼģ˿̣ݺҧŶԷƣв֪ʱ

Ǹ³󣬶Էջ֣ǸСʣǸİɣôŲһ£
ԷĬֻо³Ϣֳּ

İ˵Ϣ಻ɵ˰벽
үô˾ūš

ٿȻڴЩ춯
֪Ǻδʲô£ֲҳȥ

ͻȻһ˫סĶ䡣
ȡ

סһе졣
һĪϤУཀྵԭء

ǰҲ
ꡣ

նױ꾪Ѻڴ˯ʱޱڶ棬᲻صĶ䣬ʲô˵

Ŀһ͡

ޡ

ѽҫƱ߾һ̫뾳֪ܲ
˭

ڴʱ¥´һƵĺ죬һȺŲӳӶЩ

֣Ҳš
ʱԷɿ֡

¥»ҵĽŲӦˣĶûˡ
ߺ

ߺ֪ŵ˧ֱӳһҰһңѸٲ鿴ÿһķ䡣
ʱݪҲھ˹ݾ£˲ס

עȫߺϵ࣬û⵽Ѿ˵ƣŶǶŮӸȼ򣬼ڻһˣһæס塣
ƿ뿪

ʱߺҲѾѵ¥
ӷһȳһ߳ľŵ£̽´멣˵˰

С塣֪³çߺ飬ôذµĴɹĹӦС

ߺɫ࣬۵ӳ֮ɫɵЩھΣ
ɻߣ

ҡҡͷ漴ɫߺѺ
Ҵȥ

ͬһʱ̣ڰ޾Ǵ
˵Ƥ멣ſĺ󱳣˱ȥ

ԭأŶʧĵطֱͷԻϢʱͻһʱˡ
飬ſվ˰βŸܵ֫Ĵڡ

нľˣеĸйٶĵġ
̧ţűʲôˣִֵ˰죬ֱӲƿʱŻ񣬼˸ձ̴ӷݵİ

ż˴󶼱ˣٰذµҲСߺ뿪
İʬĴһﻺ߳

ҪǻˣҪΪԼǽʲôΡ
̫ӵηվ߳˫ֻѪܵģһء

ָ˸첲İĶк
İɵú棬λ̫ܵӵ¸ոյ׾ʲô  

ҹ裬վˡ
Ѳûųݵλ£

Χܻкߣæߣ̴Ӳȥ

޴ӼɹصլʱͬںŵȺʱˡ
˫ָɺԵѪ۳

УûѸ첲Ūϡ

һ·˺Ժɫͼղʱյı֮˼·ķԸ֮Ҫ¡
ҹ֮µĻۼָֻյģࡣ

Ϊ޴˿ʱֲˡ

޲ϵ˿ڡ

ۿǱҧĲᣬִҪҩTWۡҧġ

۲µǸ˭Ҳˡ
㡣

Ǵ򣡡
ҵġ

ۣ㡭
ܻˤŶ׺棬Ρ

Ҿ̻ѲĻˣ
Ĺĵģӱ꾩ôĲֹסķơ

ȥһԿοţƮ䲻һ

Ǹ⣬߷侲
򣬵Ȱ£Ǿ̻






62.  062   

˵Ĳ, ڼ˹ⱻǸ˾ʱֻžţ״ʹˣߺ, ӶҪˡ
Ҫ, ߺһ·, ԰

ȳ¼Լҵ¸߸¡Ľʱ۵ᶼˡ

, ôŪġ»׼ȥߺ, ҴĻüͷ
С, ȴҽ˽, żְﲻæ, ס, ȥԺһֱذµĺ

ذԴͼղû¹, ֮ǰһƬ, ˼׻ָ, ڵˮӱһֱûá
ߺȥԺʱ, ذͬ, СȥˣһҪȥ̽, ߺˣˣץŲߡ

ߺͬǾʶߺΪ˹̫߰Ƶذֿһְٰӵܡ
ذҪȥСţΪ鷳Ū˸̧ȥԺ䡣

ذʱΪ⡣  
ɴ򿴹Ͻ׺ŵÿոذ˵仰

ƵóذݵɵüóȥΪЩķˡ
˭֪ذ˸æҡͷлº⣬˵ڲʳ̲Ʒʱҩ壬ǡ

˵˵ţۣҭҭ£ְͬͼղз壬еΪְһغ
ĬȻһʣСⷬЩѴˣҪС̻նͼľɣ

ǵأᵽնͼľ֣ȼϣ˳ȥ
ؼң밢ذμҵֵܽãʹŮֻҪС

ܲˡ

൭һЦ֮δףҲȥ
ذüβһѹʳҲ͵ˣʩҲˣ»⡭

ҽԪղٰԹصҸͶʱⳡֲʱҲŻ뿪໰򾲣
ˮٰӳҡҷ𣬼ּᶨ

ʱû⵽ڵ˶ȦϵŮӡ  
һ̣ûȥעݵ󣬸ǣһϯθ֮

෴ģذµķǳȫȫĳ
ǡְ̫ˡְԸڰŵǣػСµİΣ

ɫ糣ϲǣֻЦذС˾ͺãһǾͻҷſģһնͼľϳϦԲ̫õġ

ߺԣĬĬһۡ
ŵȥʱɹȷвСջ

ذ£ߺ֪ҹɫ֪һҹˣ׼뿪ȴⱻ

̨Ӱ˫ɫŨ޶ӰͿ
һϵӦоϸ΢죬һƣȻڿԡ

ȷΧڶΣصԣӣʲôȥɣȻûˣҪƢ
ӦֻͬҲϣܼһ档

ڵֻܶĨ֪˭Ĵ߼Ӱ磬˷ʱ䡣  

ٵȵȡſԣ˵š

ȥ֪Ǵʱôʲô˵ʲô
ȴܡ

ǣеķӰ½תŤȾӵϣһһѤܶݵƬʵ
޲ǸɿƵĸоԺһ·׹

֪ԼٴȥǸʲôܡ
еıҪһ

дǣ֧˳ߡ
һĸԼסʱ

ֱƽɽУӦϨ˵ƣĬš
ȵʱ죬ῴĳĵġ

*

ϣҫЩˣѱемѹեĹǺһųذȨƵĹӣܿ˴ߺ
ǱȦסҪǵ㣬ֻҪһӳ֣ȿֺĴܡ

ߺ鶯ܿ죬һθԤ˳֮£Ҳ÷һֲ
÷ɲ뽻ӪȨȨŴдּ⣬ֲòͷֻĲ鲻Ըͬˡ

ͬǰǣͼղ̱֮ͬǰһ¡
ζţм̱ڡ

÷ɱΪߺһԱԼĹǯƣ޷ͼղס
ȴ뽻ӪȨȨĵڶգܶĺżҪ̤ˡ

÷û뵽ߺлһ֪ơ
һλصľ޼֡

һգλ¼ľ޼ֱԾ޴Ĳ׷ִȫ¡
磬۸񱩵

ҲӶֻߺڳǶңļ۸

һգſڵİնų˳ǡ
ӵʩ̯ǰ޼
ȿֱֺһʱвٴ

ڶգ۸һµλ̼֣ȫĿԵй̵Ĵ
мʵȻͬۺȴίʵִﲻ˼㹺

գڽֻܸɿŶԷһͨƱ˵ĻᶼûС

磬λҪм˱ȥܶĺš
Щм˴ǰͷĸ̣֮ͬܶ÷ܴߣõ⣬ͨ÷¥ϵĵܵ¥Ԫ

¥ԪȻȻм֮ס

ܶԺá
¥ԪüʣôͰѲȨųȥˣЩмˣǰӶˡȥ

Ϊ룿ߺǴյִ󳼣̲֣֮һ߼ҵӣдͣ˸Ҳ
÷ɵɫû¥ԪõĶҲ⽻׷Ķ̬ķչԱԤƵҪصĶࡣ

м˭֪̽ˣ
¥Ԫͷθŵһͬ˵ذμˡ

ذ£÷Щ⣬˵ذ´ĿǻС£ôԾб
ѲǴ⣿

÷ɺܿͷǴһʥּܰͼղ״Ǵ
ⷬٶصһġ

ô֪ذµģ
ӣˮݶŧˣ׷һֱű֣뵽ǰ˵Сֲµ˸ʶҫƹӦʹȷ

֪ˡ  
һˣôҲζͼղ⣿ǲߺ⡭

ߺֲǵһգ㣬ˡ÷˼ãͻȻµȵȿȸǼмˣذ¾ǮҲհԲеԴǲȥҫƵλˣŲձи̻ʱҲذ»ȫ꣡

*

һʮչȥҲŶĳ棬Ŀǰʳȶ۸һӻ䵽߰ǰ۸
׷ڣҫƸ̣ǧٵһչƼۣιȥ

ϼŴϴҫһ·ļ۸ҫƾڻˣ
ϵƭҫˣֱŭȥܶҵĺſãҪλ˵ܶ򵥲ɣ

һʱ䣬÷ǰмˣй̣ӦϾ

԰ڣ֪˽񳿽׷Уǧٵҫ˼°׼۵ķӦ̲סЦ
һԵߺɫ糣۵׷ϲɫײۼСеĲյ˵ףأԸһ

ϲüңƽո켸֡
ôǰǵĴæӳԣǲȥ⼸ˣǻôȻٻһʱ뾫˻ȥ϶¼ҽ̡

һæǱְھȥӴǼˣѼ۸̸á
ǣѾûٸҶڻˡ

ͷְ޶ۡȻ۸ƽղҪͣΪǲ򰡣
һԵĳ̲ס˵׸ôãһ㶼ûѧӶôʳ򲻳꣬ЩдŵľҲδһգ۸һձһյͣ˭ָʱôһʳأ

˵ĶڵϡЦЦ˿ڲ衣
ƣһ󣬽׷ڵмˣѾ볡ʱȫˡ

뵽ϰ׵Ĵڱ̲סЦ⡣
ǧ򵩵ʳ㹻ͼղİճŵˡ

ߺ鿴߬ŵǱ˲ᣬľʹ˿
ϲģԼҲŲɵÿ

ߺѵ߼СӵݣֻΪԼøҫ
ʱգͬСطʱ䡣

ƺһЩ

㶢ҫûգԷ԰ǣߡ
գһʳԼ͵ļ۸룬ԸߺþӽʳͼղԸڰĿǰļ۸гۡ

͵ΪһжõķչԼҲڿ˻ϣʱ
ڳ

ҫ̲֮ء
һʱ䣬׷ڵ̣һ롣

ڶգ޽غ㣬ʱ㱨ӣ¥Ԫˡ
һ磬¥ԪԼſڣƺˤһӣǡײ¥ݼϡ

˷ʱ°죬Ѿ˶ˡ
ͬյϢĻѺߺ飬֪¥Ԫһ˲һֱĵ׵ɻɣð˳

ʱ䣬۸Ƶ·̫˳һ˫ε֣ڱƶžŵµļı
˳ᢵߺ飬޷Ԥƻȷе¶ŵķչ

ߺ齫ΪŵµϾԪ˲֪˵ˡ
񡭡

ߺãһ˳ıʲô½Ҫ
ߺ˼ãԸݻգһڰǣպŵҪȥ룬ʱǻ͡

ǣ

պǽԪռĴգĳڳǧӵ£ʻţŶʮн
ǽԪĴڣܶ÷ͼղͽĹԱһͬͬ

ߺ˧ڳӵ
ڳǰ㽫̽˳ȥмΧ

ͼղһƬɽԶԶȥѩƽ˼
ԶͬҫƵı߾

˵Ǿ£ȴ캮ضѹڲƽĹٵ졣
ƿһǣ룬˼

գϣܰһнɾ




63.  063   

ɽ, ٵͻȻƽ̹࣬´˸ǷƿӣĿ֮, ɵѹúܵ, ̡
, յǲãҪѩˡ, ȴЦ⣬쵽, ūѾܿӭ١

šഹȹڣָ֮, Щ졣
ʱ, ͣ, Ѿ, ಻ɫĽ³µƤϣ߳

ͼղ޽쳣, ԪնͼľǸʼһȸ¡
񷶥, ϣɫ׹ڻɵķ, ͸ɫ

ŵ¡ٴһķΣӭ  
ǰλŵ, һϮĳȹ, ŽԪеĻƣǼרõķΡ

ϵķΣеλС¸ѳ, ò˫
Ůӣܸ¸õӡ̲סҪá

Ȼˡ

Ե΢Цͬλڲȥ

룬⣬ֻдѪײܽһͬ롣
ٽȥǰȺߺ飬΢΢˵ͷ

Ĺ̸ӷţһһȥв衣
䲻ŷ񣬵žη֮ģޱȵΪͼղİ

ȥһ˲ǰҰĳ
ӹõĲƣ˫ַ̨

ⳡ˻Ѿ̫ˡ
ͼղΪذѰҴЪſʱͷֲԾˡ

ʱõĵͼǰͼղͼǳĴ䶼Ѿûˡ

ֱ̽ϸ֪ķϵԭ
ķżиʬһ

յĳͥ״
ͼղࡣ

еһʱźֵüͷȴֲжϼ룬ԥ֮ʱߵ׵ľŵ䲻ķԸ
ʱⳳӷҵԽԽԶ϶ڱӡ

ŵĶ̣ʱ˻Żҵȥ׼ơ
ֱ

մ¹عˣλؼְ
ǣ¡

λټŵһºǫѷǳ䵭ļּ룬Ը⡣
ٲ亹ֽڸӵļһ󣬵¡

ڳģ˭ƴ˿̵⵽׷ʲô
Ťͷ٣ʣˣǷ񻹲һ

ǡ
ɡ

ͷ˽žŵͨһŵʱ÷ԱһͻȻŽ
£÷ͬһ˸棬ǰմѪеȥ

վסôˣ⴦صأǴѪײڣٶؼΪأʶס÷ɡ
һԵĹԱ˲Щ򣬾ŵٴˣҫƵپѾΧסҵ޿˲Ž¿ˡ

ҫˣٻһ˲Ҳȥˣæʣߴںδ
ߴ˷ŴžͬŵĻ˹ȥҵߣ˿ǡ

˿̵ԽԽС˭֪ʲô˼

˿̵˳̾
ʱ˫Ŀ죬İ벽

ôҫƾͻȻҽƾڣ
֪ҽԪմоŵԹǡ˽λҪ޳СϣԺðһͷ

Щ˳С¡
ȷӦĿǰ״ģ£ͬҵȥ

Ҳߣߴ˻ڵಫڲˡ
Բϵȫޣʱ˿ֻ̣Ǹ޴Сѡ

˼״ϧ֮⡣

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65.  065   

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˽ţصٿϣҲſܵ˵ľн뽩ӲģǸմɴĺ
ܿ죬߳亹Ūʪ

ԺģԺĶ뷴Ӧ˸ΪϵݣСج衣
ܵģɫȻһ̴ͷ״ӻѹ

ſƽ͵˵š

ûжֻǵ͵͵Ĵ
ˡ

Ūˣɿɣϲŭ
ǰλСѡˣֱЩɱš

һ̣򣬰ǿзֿŤҪߣȴͻȻס֡
ࡣͷ̸̸ɡ

޿е̸̸ʵûʲôʵԵĻ֧֣޷
ҩҩԴǱһɴҲǣԵ㽲ڡ

ίʵһ̸ĺʱ

ͬҲڵ״̬һ̸ĺʱ
ãʱп⧲Եιȥ

ţȻԣǾԡ
ĥޣҲԱûȤֻŰ˶Թ˵ǸȥһţӴԺİ˾ͺá

̸ɡ
أߵ谸£һŨľζƮ˳΢΢ü

Ũڹѹʲôζ

޼£ֺݺԼһ£ͼһЩѡ
һָ࣬˱ˮ˹ȥЩˮɣûв衣

࿴ӣǱŤؾˣˣǾ̸ꡣ

Щִ٣֪Ҫ̸ʲôֻ뵥ĸһ

һƬź࿴ûſڵ˼Ƭ̵˵ɡ

ε£ͼղİлл㣬ĵģû㣬ԪҫƺпܻῪսʱʧ˴ҡ
Ļƽ䵭ظһαǫ̃һİ

ǰġ

ʵ£඼飬ĮֻǲٲʲôĻѡ

ԪǷһ飬´һһһʮʡ
ҲҪԪĶ飬ֻҪġ

Ҹʲô˼ɵڵ״̬˸ίķʽ
Ϊ𣿡۾ͨ죬û˯

࣬ǰͷաĸо

Ƭ̣׷Ŵ¥⣬ȷޡ
ȻΪʲôǣӦˡ

ûйϵ
ͷϵաꡱ£Ŀһ飬⧲Ϳ

ͼղ£ҺܸмһУվڹҡϣӺֻĽǶ˵ǻǶҪټˣϾѡֵ㡣

һƵĿԺɤɳƣԲҵʱһֻŸôı

ûʲôԲġϵˮߵˮƹȥһУҶ
ʵǰ£ҲûǵĹȥﶼǳޣվ㵱ʱϣԸԼĶ֣ıв̽䣬Ϊ˸ѡȨ鰮ʲôأ

ɫ쳣ƽ·˵˵Ĺ£ûбҲûԹޡ

޶ʱԻָѪɫ˲˵Ӱ١

Ҳû  
ĸ־һУĿʳӣ̿֡顢Ρίָӵ˲䷭ӿʲôʸȥ̿ίأȥ˺࣬Ǹʱһڸӻ̿֡ίΪ˲

ԶҲ¶ǸЦݣ͸һûбûϲ
Ҫʹȥ΢Ц

д
ҪˣóڹԺ˵ӣǰͷ

һС

಻ȥһεˣ֪ʱ֮ǰһоͽˡصݺһظԼҪͷҪȥЩõġ˵¾һҵë߾һ͸ĲĿ
ô죿󽫾ޣޣĹȥ

ǰİǰమһǰĶˣΪֻΪ޿е࣬ٻǸǧѰϲĶޡ

ֻҪ޳ǰͻᱻǿԴǵĹȥ
ĮǿԼӱܹȥŪþ壬˽ȻȥһлϾţһҳҸġ

ѡˣʲôԵأ
ⲻĹȥֻҪţ˿ھϣ˱һªİ̺ۣǿٿ˰ѪҲʱֻϣӰ۶ѡ

ѡ񶾾Ƶһ̣ʵѾǵĹȥĻ˾š
ڣҪҲ

Ҫ˵ʲôҿ̰ΨһĴѡңȴֲϷߣ͸һ
޴ͷ΢΢ҡţһһٵ˵ҷŲ

֪ҵ̫¡˫Ƶģ˺һǿܼ뿪СլҾͺˣһֱϵر㣬ͤУѡС㡭ҲֻΪ˱ȫ
Ǹ֡ûش

µ֣;ڲǶǶޣ֡
֪վĸǶȣ޶ѡѡʱʲôԣǾ֪ˡ

ܹ飬

֪Ϊʲô˵һǸ𣿡ͻȻʡ

Ϊ֪֮ǰûΣҲ㣬ҲҡЦЦ֪һֱҵ̫ӵˣԺʱŻ˸°޵
ң֤һС

ǣǻɣһֱˣһһУֹǶ㣬Ƕˡˣ̧ͷ˫ĿɺĿ࣬ҲʲôϲҲ֪ϲһʲôо

ץͷŵúܵͣҴСѧģֻȥĮԴˡ

Ǹ˸˵Ҫȥޣֻ㣬ߣ˵£ݲʧұΪĻָ֣̌ԼĿڣЦÿοޣⶼҪʹҲãҲãֻϲ㡣

Цһ䡰ֻϲ㡱ͲԭǸ˼
Ǻãϲң߶֮ǰ£һ˿ھΣӦ½ٳǰˡ

ҡͷ
ҳұӡ˽޽ëӻļ϶дһҲߣΪҲʧȥ㡣

Цˣʧȥң檣˵ҵֻ檣
ճڣ̫Ѩͻͻۡ

˫ץαߣǽڷף˼޷ҪϢУԲ𡭡ҺͿʱԼҪĵʲôģڶˣ࣬ϪһУҶˡ

ජƬ̣ɫͻȻ˪͵µ㻹ðƭң
ûУĶˡ޲֪Ҫţֻøţʱľθҡ¡

㲻ǰޣһˡ

ǣɫ԰ֻֽü̸ȥҲʲôˣ˾䣺ˣˡ  

ƮƮһ䣬·޵궼ˡЭҩ޻Ŭµİ취ȴѰ

ҪˣҪ뿪ԼˡδԼܣ࣬еƣıϻۣá
ֻܶ԰׵Ĵ꣬ϣ֮ġ

࡭ܲܡٶһᡣ

ͣסǰĲţתߵǰ
һĻ޹ɽﳤ;·ߣĿ͸¶ŶԹĿ

ޣҸһιȥ֮⣬ûڣδǽƲţзԶҲҡ

Ҳ㡣޴ףסഹһС֣Ħţҵ㡣

ûж㣬ҲûоܾĻӦֻдĿĮ
㲻öңԼһ߽ţÿҧʱޱȼѣһ׷㣬㲻ԸͬҳסҲԸһĶҪ

Ѭκģජ޵۾˰βŷӦʲô˼֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
ָⷢ飬֪

Ҫҵף
ĿٿȻܿƵͳ˼£治ɫ˵ԡ

ЦˣޣûȤ㡣
ⲻǱüºͣĿ¿ʼ

ҡҡͷûпˡ

ͭǽڵǹ룬ŬѰ˿϶Ը飬ӲǸԥˮˡ
ѡ뿪Сլֻ¶ơ

޸оеСϾҪ룬ˮܵıľ͵һֽ೶С
ٿȻ֪ҩû϶صãþ

ǰһкȻһͣתţԨ״ţͬʱԨײðӰ׷ſ˫֣һ³ȥ

ޡʡĸס

Ժӿ񡢹죬Щ½Ļ棬Ҫɡһʧأֻܷſ࣬þһȥڸϷ״ʱʶڣߣǿƳ֡
˵ʱѾֱ治Լ˵ǡúϢֻǱʲô

̧۴⵽Ҹ첲һ
ĥޣҲĥԼЩͷֻܾˡ

ȥú˰ɡ߳ȥŵһ˲ǣŹ⣬顣

ľضжеαװһ̣ƤһšƬ̣ȷԼ·ĵҵҵţһ

̶̵һС·ƺܳĿɢǿɬѪǽ棬ǻص˴ϡ

ƽǣ͵ķʹ̧Ĩ˰Ѷ䣬ŷմһĺѪ
ʱѪ˳űϢ䣬εڶ֮ϡ

*

ҹլһͷͼղĺϡԴߺξپڰǵϢųȥ󣬱߾ľʱɲ١
Укܴԭδȫйء

ֻҹֻˣܾöû԰

ذµĲõƣͼղȶǲһ·ذ»նͼľ

мǲȥ͹һҩĸլû˭ֻȥ˲ٶԶϹָҩġ
֮æ񣬱ûȥЩˡ

ӹúܿ죬ת۵ʮµס
ںƶĴľһЧõӶ𣬹ðޱ߷½裬һ˾פһΪҵİṩһ·

ƽƻõزţеũͬҫóס

ԪͬҫƹϵǽţҲֻͣھ·档
෴ΪͼղתóӲ١

Ҫƽ£Ҫڹ̻ͬ͢ȶ׼ʼԼ̸ڹ̿Ǣ̸ʱԺİͻȻһǰݷá
ֻ˽

İǵһ԰ǰã÷Ϥź֪ԭ⴦ԺӣͬסһĽṹһģһԵĻݣɽһ
İ׿еĽУĬȻҡͷ

鷿һɵŵ棬İδˣأЦŵ»λ֣롢ˮϢǮӡľ㡢е㡭÷㣿
գЦ⻺鰸ܹ߳ӲҳµòȷЩ

ĳŵ¡İ׼һϮɫȹףɵһ漴æ
ܹͻȻã£

ŵ½մ˲ţƤ棬ĳӵйһ
ܹڰǵȻ㣬²ոշģ̻֪ȷѾ԰ˡ

ˣ۹·˷ǱģҲܼҼѵ֮һ
£衣

˺̸ܿһʴ󵥣ֻǩԼʱͣסˡ
ŵ£ĪǶĳļ۸

ǣó׵ԼδɣûеģҵôĻȥ
İȻһЦֱߵľϻǰһƣĪҪĴ£ĳĲֹԼһҫƵġ




66.  066   

ú, ֪Լôġ
ȥܾѩ̿Ҫ£ǰúͼղİա

˵ʵһ뵽ó׷ʽԶʳ, е, İʱԼ

ҵ޽Լ, һձܰɵ¡

ԼݰһЩ, ҫݣȫͬˡ
ԵҫƲȱʣȥͼղýȱ, ڵ졣

οҫƵ¶ͼղ, һԼ, ڸԼשߡ

, , ޾ǻʲôĴۻҫԼ
ҪҪǵǡԪҪλݶ顣

ҲҪԪĶ飬Ҫġ

˼ӿ, ǳ뵽, 뵽շ¡

ҫƾϮİͻȻʳ, ԮԿҫƣֻǵԼ
, ɫ¡

ϸ˼, Ȼʶ²Ǵ֪Ҫͼղʱ˽ʱշһС

İԷ, ڲзһ˿ֻɬŵģԼģҲûʲôλ֮ǰҲû˵Ҫʲôر

֮ǰ
಻ײ£漴šһԼպá

óԼ֣ͼղĴܶͬߺ鲿𣬼ƶľļƻ

Ԫ쾰ʮ꣬ʮһ¶ʮˡ
ʱ֣ŨŨնͼľϣɵɫһ

ѩᣬ̳һ׵̺ӭӳӵ
ͼղľŵִߺĻ£ǻصնͼľ

Ϊ˱鷳δǰͨ׼ȷʱ䣬ȴڳſڣԶԶƼ˼ϤӰ
硢ĸ硭ô˸磿

Ŵ˰죬ûȺзֱ˸ģ
һԵ£ŵڶǸǰ˻Ӹء  

ˣǰߺλͣȹ
ȥһ˿òСԲˣĻӺȤ

ĸ磡ܺһһЦЩĸ˽˵ͺãз飬Բ󣿿㻹ڼͨ徭ʶѡ

磬ĸ۸ҡüβһѹôһ㣬ǳլſ㣬òʱžԼȥѴԽˡ
Ҳô԰ɡ

ֲ֣ԶһЩЦĿԼСã̧ķ䡣
㡭ǼЦţԾǱΪ飬ĹĵŤߡ

ʱڼĺ䲻òݡԣǲֵġ
˸磡

Ŀȥ˺üȦĺȺ󣬿ȥǰˡ
ĵһ

öʣһЦУ౻λ׼

ߺһԣɫȻȴƽո߸ϵĻǣ˽¾ҲṫȻȤŵ£߼ҵֵܽûҪѰռǰ硣

һԵߺ顣
֪ߺˣЩԺѪ⼸Է⣬Ҳв

ͼղ֮´ףҫƴѹҲ⣬˴λǰ;  
˴ζлߴչСá

ڼҸ㣬ߺºһЦ
ˣ۵һ˲֪ʲô˼ˡ

ߺԸ⣬ɫĹ񣬡ˣŵǱְӦģҡͼղ£ְֻһִ߶ѡ
Ŷ

Ȼŵ»ǰеĹԼϣǰѺλı˺磡

糣ӿȣͼղҳʲôӣСöȥıߡ
õĻǣϾͬ

磲ɵöԺۼ֡
лߴ˸֪ҵӵİվƣߴ˿Ըո֣

ߺ鵭ȻһЦӦ¡

൱ձһڸӻػʹˮûһڣֱȥ˳Ĵϡ
ûܽջϲ⣬һʶǵУȥѰ˸ȴѾˡ

İ˸ͻȻתӣûڵһʱĪ⣬֮ǰİݹδ븸ʹĿӡ㽫¸ãطʵѣǲ̧˼ӣۻȥʡ

ԼԼ뷨󣬺ĬȻƬ̣Ϳ˼һԵĴϸæΪ˱β裬ɤӡ

ʷԣ۽ǶˮС겻ʵӾһǧˡ
ʣ𣿡྾ĵĿףΪӣͬĸС

һʮǻڣ١
ϸһ¾飬ΪбһʴĹң֮

Ψһ֪ǣԭĽԪӺܾްź󣬽Ԫÿ£֮ĹƻȨ£ҫơԪͬսñʵõĽԪƮ㣬ʮ꣬㱻ΧϷˡ

Ĵڣ߹¾Ѿȫס  
ԭķƺûԭڻڣ˳̫֮λԭѣĶӣǷɡ

ʵϺҲû

ôԭޱնڽµľ黹ᷢô
ͷҴҶ֪Ǿ鷢ı󣬽Ԫ᲻

һȣ˼  
µСŶǸϵľˡȿȡ֮ʱˣСŶԼǴӺζ

ϸϸԼ֪зס
ܱСȻͬйء

ಢδţһһʮİͼղ£ƫĵؽ

ҫ󽫾˧Χʱɫ˺ɫ
һۣľսҫƳʱۿεŵ

Ů󣬴ݣ漴ô˵ͼղܵýƽ˳ͬǸ̫Ҳйϵˡ
ǡ಻֪ʻôݶ飬֮µĴѾͬ޹ˡ

˼Ƭ̺䲻ʣͼղô£СŶôλ̫ӵģ
ң

û뵽ҪĬĬŵͬͬİ·оԽԪж븸ʹ¹졣

û뵽ԼŮô䵭ƽػظ£ͷĪɿ첻١

TWŤͷԴϵ˵ͷɡ
ףڵȡһ̾ľϻϡ

Ŷǰãλ̫ǲ
ľϻһŲʧׯصİǰ

ǵ

֮á

ǰյİĸΪѡϣǲԪܹɽҹϹɡ
ȥˣϱĥ˺ܶطմѪۣܿԭľ

ٿȻһͷԺɿ׽

ཫԼߴŲʣ̫ͬӵĻԼȡ𣿡
šһ䣬ȻѾͻˣպðɡ

ʣһԲ˻ɡ
СŶ϶ŮãڣȻȼ

ʸҪСģ캮ˣһעⱣů
һ뵽Ԫδ˼ǧγͼղʶԪͬȽϣȷһӡ

ЩҫַԪͬԼҺԺɡ
һУǰͬƵǳսйء

ս𣬽ԪĹʱ㿪ʼ»·ˡ
뵽гء

ʣȥͼղдĸףøϹˣЩƤӸĸףмλСЩƤ멡˵ţ˰ѽƤ˽
ϼЩӣϲȰСŶˡ

˸ĸǸľϻ޹ߣȴƣֻʲô벻͸֡

ڵĴŤʣΪηŶСŲʵʵ˵ĻԼ
˴ʵǾܾȡԼ̫ȴͻأֶԾŶģϧñҫƣѰڶ

˵ףǺͬСŶԵǻȵȵȿɡ

ѩƮ㣬س˪
һ˼ܶࡣͻȻߵǸͷʲôˡ

ͻصĶģ
ͣ²ţľϻϸ飬һȷȷʧʱһ  

ôˡ
ô֪լµľôһѹ׵İģ

*

º
ʵϺٶһһ˦޹ڵϡ

ڴϵɫȻŤˣ˵밲

ϺرԻʺ̹ĿһӴ飬£ɤӵӸ
ҡſԣᾡػسá

ǣĹ鳷޽Լӣ޶ˡϺغ٣Ȼŭ
Ϊ˼ıĻ£Ԫ¹λҲٴΰ̨棬ȴѴµϷĴҪĹ档

ǰʱѾŽԪԼǶϷԪʧʱһˣҪԴ޾ɺá
ϺؼǹŭҲѹƲס˼Ů˵λһӲɣΪ޾һΪʴ

δ˫ĿϺأ쳣侲ҪȡԼҪ¡
ϺüβһȢ

ǡ
ΪҪͬ˻飿

ҪýԪŵµģǿԼơ
ϺգٿȻ

˼ʧǵӣ͸Ѳһıʹ
һʹǿ̡

˼߳ˡ
ο

ãϺʣΪ֮ӣֺڹŮӵͷϲһΪ㱣֤˳ԼĽбǡ

޶˶԰׵Ĵ꣬мƽϣ븸˽Ԫ˻顣

ϺضƬ̣ɫһ䣬ҶѪѪӣ˿ʱһΣ£ֻɹ

ס

һǵüҪǱ֪˵ҪȥԪλŵȥףЦóô






67.  067   

صԪĵ, ǡǶӺ磵ӵİ硣  
׼˺ȥסλδıĵɩξܿΣǽξξپֳŮǰż

˶֮ĺ磣ӭԼĵճ, ⳡȻַǷ, ٽ, ǡǹԱְĸ߷ڣûյĹԱǰ͵
в, ſţһȥμϯܰͽһ

ൽ, ſⷬ˹ĳ, Ƕ粻ż

Ǵլǰ, նͼľȨ, ̧ȥСæǰæ, ˵ĸо
ⳡ󣬲ûɵġ

ĵڶ, ԼȥնͼľĲ¥ߺ, ѯͼղյĴʱǡڷԷ, ˵Ҫˡ
ʴǶ磡

ߺΪ̹٣, ʴ, ̱ҪԺֹȴס
¸Ŀŵڲ¥ۣѾһˡ

ʶ, 䣬ǵճӣΪʴò޲ס
ֻſˣᴫ븸ʶС

ʱջȨĸǸʲôӦǾͲ˵ˡ
ЩǣȨ֮£Ͳܶģ

ԺξܿΡ
ξܿα໹ҪСһ꣬ξپҶж۳ɳξܿξټҵݸ࣬һΨһĵճŮ

ǽ֦Ҷʱſڣȴһ˵İ

ԶԶƼĺ䣬ξܿĵһ
ʱ游׽ʱĺ䣬ӡ̰öëСƵ׷һȺ󣬲һټѳ˾ŮٿȻЩɬ

ûξܿεﱧСֶó籸õͬˣŪ
ٿأߴ

ԭξܿĨᡣ
ƼһĻİѺӱߣóµ棬ŻɩɩˣҪƼΪ۸ɩɩ

ûǵģҽأù¼Цˡ
Ҫʣſڴһ𣬡ʲôݣԺ֪ͬô

ҡģ˺ɤӣû˺󻰡  
ξܿüɫһѹſڣŶձͷ࣬ǴɺͳīΣ

ȶԷشξܿһ㻹ȻԺӰɣⳡϣ㲻֡

ĸס
ī֣Ժ˶Ӧˣ첽ߵſڡ

һţŮӣǣŸꡣ
봹ţĺպ쳤ǡ

λСӣǼģǶӡī顣
ʹùáīϳ࣬ɵ

ţīԡǵһμλСɩɩƺǲʵģŶһֱУѸĿڡ
δ˼ó¸һĸŮԺ

˿Ʈѩɵ죬úѹ֡
£ǻǻݰɡξܿ

ξܿκ۵ùЦˣλ֮ǰźүġ
š豭˿ڣתʣɩɩΪˣ

ǵġ븮磬ֺǹΪүҹֵġ
ˣһĻЩ˹Ϊ֮ͬξܿεһμͰѶоɳ裬»״չʾء

תһ룬ҲΪΡ
ξټ佫ңûʲôã߿һȦҲˡ

δ˵ʲôϲ˵TWǹʹҲԸͶԺ¡
Ƭ̣˸ȥҶ磬ҪСֶӣΪҰ˸硣

մҴһûлͬ˸˵ʲôգҲû棬Ƿ
ѰʱԶԶһȺΧţùȥ

룬һתͷԶߺ顣
һЦתȥԺģ֪˸ȥƲûһ»ز

ߺ֪ϲ˱߱ģ֪ƵһƧԺ⡣
ǴҴһƳ͸񴰿˾ԺеŮӡ

ԺӺܿգͺͺŻѩŮӼͷһ㸡ѩѩУį

Ƿŵ
Ӻԭļ֪Ƕ統رʱʶŮӣʱѾС

簤˸ʺһٱӣŸ˽ӽڡ
Сţʶˣߺ䶢ԺӰ㶣Сʡ

ڸ֮ʱСʱ֡
ûֹҲû˵ġ

ʱ˾һ̸۹¡
նͼľͼղ£֪Ժ̸ܸЩʲô

Լ͵ش˳ߺԨ⣬ƫͷţǶͨ
ߺȻ뵽ǰսãһŮӱʩ˱̣¾λŮˡ

ٿأϴụ̈ڿըһƬ죬
ԺڿȥʱԺѾ˵ϣһƬʺ졭

ʱߺӻȡӣݸմѪĺ䣬ºĲ˲֣ӵõϴɾٻߴˡ
ˣǸӡ

ЦЦû˵ʲôֻСĵãŽСڴ
ߺɫĶǸСڴʣСΪƽջôҩ

û뵽Сŷ侲ٵΪŮӴ˿ڣϻ˶֢ҩ
ӣǵһ

Χ˰ˣԲűţ㿴ղóô

ʱȥԺ齱߶ʵӰãĻ˾䣺Ķ
ص

˶ǾŵºֹסĴ۽ǹ䡣
ߴˣȥԵƬ̣ͬСɩɩл

ߺ⣬ڿɸߵͣڰڳˡ
ʱѾԺڵǾѾˡ

ߺմѪɫһΪβȥˣ
ҪѰ£֪࿴ǣ͵ߴҲˣԺôã˶ûУɼƽΡ

ǸͨôߺʶУͨ˵ӣģˡ
ףȢĸǰйͨˡ

ಽһͣͻȻû̸ȥȤֻߴ˽վ͵ʲôûͺá

á

֮ܿѰ˳£ͬҴ븮ߺƽȴ룬ֱ˷ֱŷӦո˵˻

ǺͬһоΪֻͨǸˣôʩԮأ
ߺã䷽ŶԴͨķӦƺ̫Ծ

Ϊʲôأ

*

ĺӹúܿ졣
쾰ʮ´ʮֵһˡ

ȫնͼľİն֪Ϊʲô
˵СԪСˡ

컹δżλȥĸ׼С밲һ·յʮƽɰ
㸸ĸùŹһڻѪͬȥնͼľ

磬ŸϽعߣ㳭·ߡ

ٿأһԵĳºͣ½ŲС¡
˳ߣ˹ǽͷλعŮӣͷϵİ׹ǴװΣۡ

Ůĸ
ߺûˡ

֮ǰĸ˵ŮҪͬһ𹩷ꡣ
˵ŮҪڹмְߣҲɳ빬С

ܼżȻ

±·ߣȴСͣԭأԼֱСȥˡ

Сϡร  
㲻ңŮǰŮӣ겻ˮˣԱ֮ǰʱɫ࣬ɫҲ

Сϲڵȶ𡣡
ŮĿټǰŮЩʡ

εĻ룬ûжаģԺ֣ôǲǾͲήôصĳͷҲͲӢš
ϧһж̫ˡ

㡣
ŮӻȡƽɰݵǰŤһ࣬Щ̫ȻܾǰҪתģ˵ĶãҲһҪ

Ůš
ĬĬ·ŽУ־Ůǰ

ô
СϵƽɰûСϿɶˡ

ûС
ʼ磬СϾٲϽİɡ

˵ţŤҪߣ˺ð˾䡰á
̫СûʵķС

Ů֪ԶȥĨٻӰû

ʼһʹ͵ĻǸ״͵һլԺ
һʮоţδ䣬ѵ˿Գꡣ

͸⴦լԺʵѾ׼üˣͬڹصԪһŵĵطȴ˱ʡ

׵ϲз֣ڽ͸
լǴˣ᲻ߣû͹լ

ڹŵµڶձǲ˰ѷĶȥ˲٣һԹĿ˳ᢵĴְʯͷԼĽŵĸо
ŮϲصҪסլֻúլױ˹̽ҡ

ԪǸ½˵ĺӣһŷЩŮ٣ʽ˹һů硣
ϣҲһͬμӡ

֪˶࣬óԼıƷ
һټԲϣر˶ƵСոϲãÿ˰˲ͬĿζ

˸磬԰СŵҪ󣬻Ҳ㣬ȥƽָĸĴȰ
һã»Σһڵ˵ЦѰռҵ۲ûʲô

ûĹˣ˶֮ǰ͵ѾƣЦͬλĴȤֻź˸ûڳ
ϯ룬СŶѰĵĻӺͻȻĵĴ˹ȥСţԼҲ˸Ϊǻӵ֮䲻ĵůĸͬ߸Ȱůˡ

ǰһĸ磬˵ʲôĵů񣿡
ʵʲôȱĸ͵ģϣĸͼÿĻӸƶ

һЦһŨľЩˣ۾Ҫˡ
ãĻֻʵܽʱ͵ġ粻ЩûţŮӣĿⷦͺãҪá

˵˵ţȻѹߵЩҸ߸簴ϲþѡģѵأԽİɡ

һͷˮĸʲô»ӣĿѵأ

ʱ˴ϣһԣΧۼλ齫ʱ⵽һΪѵ㡣
ȵĲ࣬еΣͦѵġ

¶Σ֧֧᲻˦ȺĹ磬ȥ˺Ժ
δ¥֮У˿ң֮ͻȻðһ𰸡

ѵء
ԭĸ߸˸СֶӸƶ

Сüɫһѹֹôˣ

ţͤ
ƼƬůɫ£ĸ˿ߴӣͷڣλõǳɫɴ£ںɫ£˳޳ֹǽڷָŪŻе

ⷦͺáõ桭
ǰһĿѣ

ⲻůů

ʱλպϲáѡ⵽ʮô˾ٻӰĬȻףǳǳһЦ

ԵĿܣǼ˵ƤƵˣЦ̫ġ

ͷƤһŤͷߡ

£ЩСġǲĨԶȥӰüģεؿԶˡ

Ժܴ໹̫Ϥطһ·СܵԺһǣƼŰ뿪
ŷ䣬ڵƻͨƺв

౾Щ⣬ټѾǳ𣬺ˬʵ󾢺ܴϴڷͺȵ˯һ졣
ټϷżܣĵĺܿ죬κˡ

ܵ˳к߳ȥ֮УӰӰ´£ģɫĹ㣬С

ƣ
һ㶣ЩǵţԪԪûе㻨ϰ׵ģΪʲôô໨ơ

ѵô
ҲûЩÿĻơ

꾩Ԫڣûȥ
ֻӦڷԶԶ

Իۣ˾ƵŮǴģĥļǿѹסĪӿɬ˳ǰĹΣ߽Ⱥ
·һѤξС

ʱŽһֻǵСõƣ
Ӧ˵꾩Ůϲıֵơ

ҹ֮УŷëСŮǣŽµСõƶŷ㶡
ΣֺҪֻСõơ

ãˣξͻѡ

ٿأһƬ΢΢²ӣջߣŤͷˣϣüºͣŸɫƤ멣

ޡ
΢΢üͷûжɶǣϣǰյӵƣС

סģɳٶ۵Ͳˡ

ܵӵʵʵڱ߬С
೹ˡ

Σʵ

߲ϡ
С˵䣬ǻؼҰɡ





68.  068   


-------------------------------------
޴ǳɫƳ, ۵ӳůĵƹ⣬ƽ͵Ŀ

˶·ߣ໥ţ˭Ҳû˵
Դµ, ɻ⵽ǲ, Сȷ˼֡

ɫ, ѩŷۺ죬ӦĲᡣ
ҪȻ, ᶢͬʱ⡣

һ󺮷紵뵽ͬ꾩Ԫڲͬ, ġ
һ̣޵Ѿ첲վ, ׵е, , , ק

ȫʶıܿͬйصһУײԷеһ˲, ൥֧ǰ, ӲĴУЩ
ٷ, ⲢΡ

վǰ
һ̣Ʈͷ겻ɢ

޸о౾ܵĿ, ٿƵ, ˵߰ɣ̫ˡ
ûֻԴǱʲôƵ, һ³

ãС˵˾䡰顱΢΢ӣûж
ҷ㡣С̧֣ҪסͷȴλƵض㿪ˣʱŵĴҲ

ۼֿ멣ǰѾε֮⡣

ãԼߡվǣͷԽԽΣɴұסǽ塣
޼ԸѡǽԼţҲֲ֪

Ƭ̺뵽ԪĿģƽ̧̧֣Ϊ££˿ʣôôࣿʲôô
ãȴϲôһ㣬һ˾ƣͷ

һΣ¶ǣȣȥŷ˵Сݱ׵¹˳齱߶Ц
Ǵα֪Ƶĺݺ۸һκ󣬱㳤˼ԣմơ

ջơǳʲô¡
һֱ̽ӹעնͼľķ紵ݶ˵ʲôķģΪԪ岻ʡ

˵Ԫգڹ֪ԪҫǿĹңѾˡ

ٿأ䲻ð˾Ȼ෴Ĵ𰸡
ġ

ӣЦļ˵Ԫڼ˶ڣܿģһˣĶˡ

䣬˿
ĨЦݣ޹Ŀ

ĿʹһȭѪ޵˲Ͱˡ

֪ˡ
һ䡭֮԰ɡ

Ľ˽֣ΧǱ˲㲣ӣϵֻѤĿĻͳͳ⡣
ΨһһθһԪڵһաȷʲôõļ䡣

ҹڴ½ǰϮǱСլ׼˿ڣ鷿ࡣ
˽һ˲䣬Ѿ˶Էϸ۵Ĳϡ

ϡǵãŷб꾩̻ѤĻӳ԰׵СϣỬ¡
̵ֱʱɹȴûͣ֡

ԳһЦ
ûԼء

һ֮ľګĵ˵ͷ૵ţ㿪ľͺã䲻䣿

ģҲû뵽ֻСаôײײسΪúõС
û뵽ô˳ļ

һУֻŻᱻĳƼٰѻƵ£С
ٿأǰ˸̫ѨС˾䣺䡣

䣬ոȻģѾÿû֪ˡ
Сапá

޼ͷ߶µĲǰһɷ˵İѴ멸ϣһΣѾɹ౾ܵûоְ̧ܾƤϵñӸԼá
ȥ

ƲƲ죬߲
İУŮĴӳʵĹ⣬޿ɫ˹ĬĬӣѺұ㡣

ñڣܹ˳ſĺϣʵƤ멽ʵʵһ߶͸
Ҳţÿ½ǣ³һھָָ̧б෽ŵš

ǡ
˳Щ֣˫ȻȻ첲ϣŪЩΡ

ٿȻһ̣һɵϢҲȾ⡣

Ӻᣬһ˲Ժ̲ܿƵӿȣϪҲã꾩Ҳգһĳ֡֡һ̶ݵҸ֮С
ǽõߣֻҪ˻һ㣬ͻ˷ܵ£

˶ӣηȣ漴ȥ

һ·޷֣͸ԼҺԺƵĳͨ裬ɵüͷ

ʵಢδĶ빫ϲʦڣټնͼľΰΧŶнѲߣûѾְΪξ㰲ôš

ʶյլУûס˵Ժƶһյ

ʱ޴Ƥڵͦһ·󣬲ǻĻ԰С
·ˡ

޲֪⴦լԺռ൱󣬵ǴԲƣ׼˼ͥԺĻ԰Ϥˣо͸Թࡣ
罥ѩƮҡĲҲɵüӿ졣

ſں࣬⣬ͻȻӿ첽θҲŷ
۳ֽһԺ䣬澹һĻ԰ɽɫһ࣬ôȥԺ

Ժģˣθڲʲôڲͣ϶ţ⣬ǳʵĻ˾䣬֪
һЦ˽˽һյĹ򣬲ŴҵԺԺڡ

Ժпص޲ٱֻý˷¡
һƺԣ鷳ޱӺƬ̣Ųһǰȥ

ۣθܣźǰ˵ϡ

ԶԶľŵ£һߴ¥ڻУģΪܣæͷ
ξҹлصǨ񡱣Ƕãս˭ҹžŵ»Ժʡ

ʱ˼һ˵©ʲôҪӦʱ޲⵽ǰͨͨͷ£ô޷ķ˽Ժ
޷ǵûи˼ǡ

⹫Ҳ̫ˣ

Ժſڵˣһ·ŮҲһ㼴󼲲߿n
ܿ죬ʮڣӰƲˡ

޼״ɵú£ҹǴ˼Ƶ࣬롣

뵽˴ޱа֮ش
ۿĥĥһԵˣСͨ죬۽ǻЩʪƺܣɵɫ

ʱΧûˣҲٵ飬ֱӽ˺ᱧ
ұһ˲䣬ʹ׶ģ£ɫ糣ȥ

һҪѾںۻһ任ƣ˲ѹƲסˡ
෢һŻ

޻˵һ̡֡
δ䣬ǡŻһо͵ӣ漴һǰ֮ϡ

˵§˳̤ܸʱĵ׶Լҹʲôһ̣ҲѾȫˡ

ް˴ڣǿϵζۻصڴˮ
ʱŵĳ´żŮ٣Сߵ⣬£ˮѱãҪҪū澸ź򣿡

ɡ޳Ը
˿̣ɴڵֻһݱ£Щմۻ£Ѿѵˡ

໹ãմϵĲࡣ


޶Լȫ͸˵·˳
ţŤһ£ǲ

˴Ĵ˽ݣһӵζڸ£ֻüδ˵ʲô
̧ڵһƣֻɴڣһߴ׳Ӱϣǣģ

뵽ҹ¸ʯͤУʫǼλСģĸߴټǰⷬ컵ľɫ´ǲɵһ̧
һֻҪ¿ľͺá

ڶǴӹڴū澣һ˸
ңԪ翪ף㴫ȥҲʲôġ

²ٶ룬ǲ̧ˮǡ޽ԡߺ󣬽ڵƫ
ʱŮһֱͷû˸̧λɵѡϵˡ

ʱһŮ˯ŨϷ齣ֽˮΪˮЩʳ
޼£ŹŰӣȥƫԡ

ֱһǺŽԺдζһĻĨ

ʱ޹ڵͷʪ̧̧ܲƤҵ࣬ǰľȥڵƵģǰΡ
ס齣ȴһĶ

һƣǸɫҡ

ǵҡ

ϣŤĽɫ߳˿˾̲ס߳ܡ
ѾЩɫϵζѾŲˡ

֮£ҵײıߴҵµļǺš

MXZ SQQ

ŤĴдӢĸƵġ
ĵףģȴԵǷݼ¶

ཫ߬ﶢƬ̣˵ʲôо
Ħ£﷢ֽƬ졣

һƣĵһҳֽ
ڹԺй£еһҳ

еѾЩģֽбˮȾĺۼ
ϪʱһճվŮ࣬Ϊͷ

ʶһ̣ĽĺͿ

һұƵĴڵѾԽЩᴥľ£Զرܡ
Ȼʶһ¡

޿Ȿᡣ
ĳ˵֪Ͱ޵Ĺ¡

ʱڵͻȻƿʶĽҲī䣬ҵεδˮ飬жһ̰õӣŹ






69.  069   

˿, Դ˹ǦƵģġ
߽ſǰϴӸӵİ̺ۣ΢΢, Ȼܿ, ̧ͻͻ̫Ѩ

Ĺ˿ȥ, ⡭޹

ô
ַʲô

ԼǵãŮǷԡ
֮󡭡

һƬհס

⸱ճԡô£
һĪִӺζ

һ˳, κθˮ࣬Ѿƾȫ׽Ũ, иһֱڰƵġ  
˳ӵ, ȥ

ͷϵᣲֿʼתת, ۡ

޼ͷ, ô˯, æеĶŵһԣ˿ɽ, ߹ȥ, Ϊͷ
˿̵ȫ, ܹ˳ƾŪ

ٿȻθڷӿ, , Ƶĺܡ
ҸͷȥЩѾȥ޲ȷܲԼĻԹԵ˵š

ʱ, ۵ͻȻʹ͵֣ͣ˾䡰Ǹ
ѿ֮ʱԼһ¡

ٸ
ɶ࣬Ͳ֪ˣһǳ׺ÿһ졣

Ĺգ˳ɽС

һ㶣ſѹסĿϲ˳Ŀ֫û뵽ҹܸ޾ദһ
ֻ֪ѣҪࡣ

׿ȥǰѩѾ̳˷ۺ죬ϻɢŵĻ㣬һ׼ļȣƷ
ͷɫҲ䡣

ܿƵͷʪķ䡣
ζ

ʱĵ״ͷһһѹȥµĶΪһŪͷȡȵĲˮڡ
ڻš

֪˶ãˣʱɿСϵֱֻۣľľİǣ⿿档
ô

ԻعЩû˵ףһԵޡ
н

ô⣿˵̫
㡣

ͻȻ̧֣סһķ˿ק¡
΢üû

ʲôʲô㡣
һ㴼ľ

סֻ߬ͷС֣ĦЩִ˵ܿ㡣

ŮЦ˵ЦƵģʲôأҲܼģ컹֪ô

Ȼһ֪ͣԼӦΪ䡰סϲǱˡ
˳ˮ˵Ӧµһ״⣬ֻǲô̸ȴ룬ݣΪ׹ǰ߬ŵһݡ

Ҫô࣬ڵ࣬ûһӸ⣬Ѿϲ¡

߬סС֣ԼĿڣСҾǲ֪㣬Ҫô죿
ýѵ뵽ĸǾ䡰ѵ򡱣ѧá

ѵ
ôܵöԼǸʲôݰԽ̧֣һЦղͺܺá  

סӶ۾ȷ˵λǾ䡰ܺáĪϲ÷ӿϣͷԡ
ǲ֪㣬õŵһкҪࡣ

ȫѹƽеÿһ죬ͬ
Ƕ.񫷢Ĳɤ̽ʣ͸ղһܹԵĻܸЩͷô

ʲôͷŮͷ۾ûȫѹ
ͻȻ̧°ͣúֱܽһ𣬴꼸ҪһʱȻͣ¡

ʿˮ
΢üЦ

޲һ޷ƵȻȼȥԼĻ̲סһЩʱ˵£ߵһԣ׼õˮ˹ϥ齱߶ʣҪҪЩˮ

˳Ļٶ۵ĽĿˮϡ
ԭֹӣеˮȥƤгɴСµСĶѷУ൱Գơ

⵽ɾ峺۵ףӳӰȴƽķһ̶ˮ޲
͸ڿһӣһ磬ûκ

죬˰ƻ͵ڱߣûзӦֻ˰ӣٴγԣûзӦ
ǰʲôӶԵģģԡ

޷ѣʲôȥ׼
ҡͷ̧ԼθüС˵˾䣺ʹ

޼״ѹ̷£ס󣬽Լȵָȥš
ҪҪ̫ҽܣԼԪʵ

ϴˮ裬ϻȣټ϶ᣬܣۣĽë΢΢
èƵģҪˡ

޵ͷһֻɵ߬һֻΪθʹһĹʣЩô

ϸġš˾䣬ֱߵһ֭ӣŽС
ľ׽Ʈ޵Ķ

ŷ֣ྐྵԹԵĳˮ
ˡ

ʱΪȡѾʱѾЩ
˰ɣˡ

ӣ΢΢ǰбͷſ죬һ˿
ӣҨһף˹ȥ

Ҩ̫ҩ֭˳Ŵǹ䣬һֱæ̧ΪĨ
ѾζģͿˣ๾ֱ࣬Ӻһ롣

򴽣˿棬졣
޿Ѿ˵ףʣҪҪһ

ȻһЦɫһɴ䲻˾䣬ʹ㡣

ûʲô¶ȣƺĿڳݲ塣

ۡ

ͷСš
һԼԸȻ෴ˣʵͦ۵ġ

޺һ٣ſ죬ǹһǴʹ۵һڶ  
Σһ䡰ǡ

Ƴһۡ
Ǳ

ȴûһ˿⡣
ãǻ˷θʲôʹ  

档ͻȻ̧ͷǳǳľѡ
·ղһ䣬ֻĻ

ȥŪ
ˣһͻȻ㣬ֻʶӡ

ʱ޶һӴõۻڵϵѾ˯ˡ

߬űһǲţշ죬䲼Ųϸܵĺ飬ƾڡ
ֻ֣ڱķ˻ȥְŵС׿ͷ˳˳λá

޶һߣ˰ΣûҰĶ䡣

Ϩٹʱ¼ȡ˼ɾѣ˳ȥ  
ڣ޿һ޺齣˼

*

գŶͷ˹
޺ͷʹѣ˻˻

̧ۼߵϷű֪ʲôʱˮˡ
¶ǣ֧ļ佥ƴ
ҹ˸ĸ׻һڸ磬ĸ߸ġǨ񡱣֮˻ƣˣġ

ƺһСμ䣬Ҫ
˻Դ˻ȥ

ͽһұͷ淭˳

ƣңޡ

ˡ
ֲȫУһ軭ͻȻƤ˺ü飬޸Ҳԭһš

ϹڷܸţȻ󡭡Ҳϴ衣
Ŀһͣ߬ңЬӶûнš¡һ·ߵڡ

ʱʹŮŵĳţɼ´վ޺ǰ߲ƣ޺ϵˣɢںڵķżСµĳǡ
Сһ죬æͷ

ԺֹסҹʲôһĻķ

ŮǼ״æͷ

ͷƤ飬һ˿ţԸȳȥ

ô⣿  
ǼϳߴĳһԶ˯ۣҹլ㣬ˡ

һ˿ʣʵǣôڽԪ

̫ӣԪҪȥŲμԪġ
ȡҲӦʱǧ֮նͼľĹ

⡭ҹˣô
ˣҹһУˡ

˵
Һ˾ƣ˵ĻͲҲһĻȥҪЮʲô

Ŀ·һ䣬Ҫ˵ʲôҹ˴ԵĻ

޵һЦҲûϵұǴͷʼġ
ҹһУѳ롣

֪㡣

ûп¿ʼش
ûϵ㲻¿ʼҲûϵҲУҲġ

ס
仰ĪϤ

Ҳܼģ컹֪ô
ˡ

ҹʲôźһϡ
һʧĻ棬ӳԺ

ƺ¡  
˿̾òǾƺ.ԡ

ôɫеĿ֮ڡ
ûа˵Ц˼ȻһЦЩ㰮ɣլӴеطס˵ǰ棬ǻ

ģһܹԡ
Ȼ֪Ӷҹõһ˿ͷ

δ䣬⴫һ֣ӷ֮˻ͷƤ
ͣһ翵ֺȻ죬ɻüͷſڿȥ

ͻȻ⼸λְֶӳԱͻĸ߸ˡ

ЦЦ£ԸȥСһСССĽнպͬͬʳͬ޵С塣





70.  070   

СһСССġͬĳͬ
ĩ, Ϭ˾䣬С壿

ǼԺﴵģһģĸôϸ۵ָ, ҹԶԶͤһļ, ˡ
, ˵λ棿

Ŷĸ߸ԭǹ氡, ֲѵأҲǼá
ЦݶԳµȫԵ˲µ

, ͻȻԸȸСȡ, ܲ˵ġ

, ¡
´ҴƳһۡ

˴ͷ, ɫ, ˿£ڰڵ¶׳˶, ⸱ģ˿, ȷЩҡ
俴ӣܾҹ޵СЩ졣

³ȥ, վΪͷʹ, ס, ̧򢣬һ㣬ʣͷʹ𣿡
ûСֳ, һû˯ѡ

ȥ˯ɡ
ˡ

޷ȥ˱ˮʣҪҪΪ纷
ˮڣɻĿǰ߳Լһͷˣʲôʱ߻ʹ˵̫ү纷ˣ

Ůӷ٣᣿
ᡣ

಻֪Լʲô̬ͬȥڵױ̨ǰǡ

ͭǸģߴӰӣմմ滨ͷˮһīڷСš
ͻȻӣܿĿ⣬ͷʹϯ·СʶƣҹƺԻͻȻԺн

ʵҲûʲôЩǱĻȷӦ˵

ˡúȻȻַͷָһ
࿴۾еԼлһ

ⷢϤ

ǰ֮ǰ纵ķʽ
ʶģ뵽֮ǰµǱᡣ

ǲ
ͷһû롣

Ҳںˡ

ϲ𣿡
䣬µѾ̧֣һѷɢˡ

һأǧ˿ɢ¡

û뵽಻ϲʽˡ

Ҳǣˡ
ʽѾôˡ

ϲٻһѹԼе޴롣
ˣͷŮҪˣȥŰɡ

ԭسĬƬ̣صУǡڴ˿̣¶·߽Уͬͷ߳ڵ˴˸档
Ů߹ȥȡ

һϳݵ˭ĳ˷ʯԭء
⡢λ̫ôôڷܸ

С˵ҪλʱĶ̫Ծˡ
ĻӵҹֻˣСǴӺζ

ɼðС壬Ҳ̫Ӱɡ
⾿ôһ£

޶žʧĳµһЦȡѣȥأԴá
̫̫¿ĿİͰ͵ģЩȷĻţٿȻԷϡ

С塣
·Ѵĳ£һ纣ӺЦ·Ŵ֣Сãأ

¡³ʣλô
ǵµס

˿̣ųͦ˵䣬ﲻɵÿһ
üһô֤ϸˣ

£űˡ
ţҲˣɡ

˫һģʮŮĲòˣֻһ˸ź˵һԡ
һԵ޼ǰӹеĳꡣ

±ǳɣŶ˽ǰǣ㽫еĿøˡ
յĿζռڲˣһԵ˵ôǼλأ

صµĻǶء
н

ǡ
ˣȥǱվšָ˸ԶĽ䡣

ߵָŵǸطͦصǣֱĿ
еˡ

ۡ
ʱ´λ滺롣

նͼľ캮ضλʱѶĿͨ졣
Ϊӱһѹ٣ŲƳëӣţԼʮͷſΣߣҲڵġ

СѾͷˣɵ١
ǰһԼŵ£򸣡

ϻкβ֪Կ֣
ԶЩϵĴһ̧Цָͷϣβھָ

ʫºѧʶǶ֡

ˣƫʫѡֵˡ໰ﺬЦŲڵʶ˵š

ע⵽վڽްͷ֣֪ʱѾ߬ǽڳ졣

캮ضԻҪ٣ùˣ
峿ܸǰùŵģµĻ˵϶ˣصµĻһ㣬ʱЩˡ

ϲ֪ȤĴˣ£һ
ǡ

վԱߵĵڶλǸɫƫӣһѺ٣ܸߣƤ𪣬۾ɫģ˿ȥһ⡣
Ӵŵ£򸣡

ഽһ룬Ҳ̫ˣǰԺгӴȡȫĵϡ
ͬѼ䣬ԶһûôԷҪһ

ݹ°òǳڵģ¹ѩŵһѴۡ
޾ŵ¡Ϳһɾǧ֮䡣

ûŴ飬Լ

λӲߣ俴ȥҲСŷڼСһ㣬ɿɰС
رһ죬ͯġŵ¡һУӵСѾͷͷˡ

Сҡ
ڼСܺ޿ܣкų¸˲;ߡ

ӹһλֵȷĿһȦҽԴá
ֹЩСѾͷǣҲŴ΢

ʱʶĿվԶޣһ׳Ϊأȴĵüͼ֣ȥǹĮѵ˼
Ͽ˰޵Ӱӡ

౻Լͷһ
ͻȻ뵽ҹǾ䡣

һԼԸȻ෴ˣʵͦ۵ġ

ֹۡ

˼ҪΪԼвˣָסͷ˵С壬

ݣѰֳֻǲǿЦŨº͵ģһǸˡ

ˡ
׼ߣҪݳɰ޵ģ̬

δߵԼߣͻȻ¾䡰ˡŤҪߡ
һʱ䣬Χļλʱ

ʵˣΪ޵ķӦ
뵽ԼΪ˹һУɵĿЦ

ͬôһϷ壬֪ѾܻҪٸϣʲô

һһһסҹͣټƣԲʳš
ԣ׼ĵĻȥӦ

û˵ڡ
ΪҪˡ

˵ûò緹˺Լ塣

رˡ  
ֵá

ˣʲô
Ͷ

ǻﶥһ
ΧǣվҲҲǡ

ڵһˣͬλ࣬˭뵽һº͵ľŵºͻȻһλȰסһ仰Ϩŭ⣬˻ȥ

ҷ׷׿ڵޣߴˣЦ⣬Ϊŵ¼вˡ
еĲˣһڲͨͨˡ

ǵֻһʡ

λʾòɵ˵˭
Ҳ̫˰ɡ

ʱŵŵ˷ַ뿪һͬģйͬλ֪ˡ
ǰ·Ըˣ⼸λ棬λԴϸеСģһָС

ǶǴӹųģȻʲô˼
С¼λˡ

ͷ޹ǰ棬ٿأһʶػ׳ȭ
Ӻһ˳ס

СǰɣͬǷ̵µˣ޶˳־Ͳˡ޾俴ޣ﷢

һԵСӻ˳޾ܸ磬𼤶ۻлҪء
޴ʱûڵ˳͵ģȫͥڻѩһ¶ȡ

ʲôӸµˣһԵѹȸС

Ϊ׵ԻһЦ޾С壬ԣ·ŴСһ⣬Ҳɡ
СӴӴݸһЦŪºٵҡ

޾ֻ۶ޣԡ
Сӻ¶ѣһЦСģ

޾ɨˣδ

޼һۣ˸Ե
ΪҪϮʱ˺Ȼȫڸס˴һĨЦ

ϣСһСССһݡ





71.  071   

ͬһʱ, նͼľĳСլ
׵ڹٴѾ߽ڣСӣˡ

šһ, ǰ, һԲ˵Ѿߴͷ, ΢΢Űϡ
ٿأ߬סѾߵ, ͵سŵ̧ͷļϵǸм, ʱɿ֣˵ȥɡ

ڹټ˳ȥ, üͷһѹ, , 
ɫĳ, Ժٻ˼õˣ, ΰҩ̫ҵ½

ҩֻлۺ֪, ڡڹٶ˶, ᵽǸ֡  
ܹǸˣǻ˱а취ץס˶, ϴβ˵Ҫô, ץߵĻۣǾȥץˡӣʱ, һŻۻ᲻

ǣūףһ˶꾩ǵ´δŻʱкϢˡ
Ų豭ݿ׵÷Ĭ˰Σ뿪һ꣬ʱ꾩÷Ӧöһʱ˰ɡ

ǣ˰ɡڹֻùԳʱŸҽг¡
ңһͣյƳȥϲ԰һƬֻгĹӰ

ﻹʲôҰֻЩʵ÷ˣǱЩɹɵĶǿ

ãŻع
ڡڣ÷ʢ֮ʱڹٰ±ؽ龩

ڹٳֻˮֽ߬ţָⶼ˰ס

ʱðţ¿ӵ⼸ҵĽкüͷǳ
ڹٸǺϣմƲϻ컹ûլˡ

һЦӻȡһ֧ƿ˵캮ضģôð˵µôãˣɡ
ǡ

ͬһƬ£ڣ԰ȴ
ֶɨǰϹˣмλɲˣλ

Ǹʲôģô̳ģĺܡ

޻˼ѾˣӴʱֻѳԣõ¶ˣ
޲ӳɵǡ

룬ôĿӴǽ̷ڵˣҲǺˣټô֪ߵغСġ
üβһԷ

òûԷ˸ߴͣȴҲ֣οһʮڹУʽ϶ˡ
źģôôƶǼ˲㣿

ī϶ɨһɫ¶һ˲ӴҲ֪ô£ȾЩˡ

һֱסӴˣα˼ֽβõϲСֵܼ谮۾ͱûȤˡ
СֵܣԺǶָ̧ͷͷģͲ¡

漷Цݣλ˵ĲźµˣƽԣЩ˵ķӣɡ

ս޾ȻЦˡ
ôҲԡ

ǰ⼸ѹǵ֣ӣϲԼЩЩʲôϸ

ƲƲ죬˾䣺Сôôҿյ¶ҿǸ⿴ء
һЦ

С磬ҪҪԣƤ

ްѻ˵׺תҪߡ  
˵ʱʱ죬Ťһ˲һѵ죬ˮٻͷʱĻѾĳˡ

ʱ»ָˮĻ
˵СûǼ˵ôһ£ֽʣüġ

ǣС͵͵Ųҿֻ˵ִԶԶλ̫λ档
ڣ»ŷŵ¸λС壬̫ӡ

֪ͬµ㣬ιȥ
˸༸꣬ؿƿ֪֪׵ˡûš

ԪԲ˳һȣҪг衣
ȫȻ棬׵˹Ƥҩݰǣ̫ӡ
ΪϵҲҪ˼һ

ó¡֪ݣΪù˰иִ硣

һû뵽һԼᱻȥլ֮£θ̾סͷһգֵüȮպָϷеĿˡ

һЦС²֪ôԴһҲŮ˲
ߣ鿴ˣȥָתת

һͷָ齴
ɾѣͷʪģżʼˮ

үЩû˼ˮ󣬴ɷϣȥһԵů¯ᵽǰ
Ϊռ±λȥ˹˳ûģҲ˷ǼϸѡԪơȴ룬ûʲôչҲˣүס˹ڹˡ

ʲô°
ҪǴȥ¿ɾִˡ

ٿأ䲻һ䣬׵˼˻ȥ
û£춼ˡ

ָ֪֮ǰʱ£żеоĽսʮǳ£Ǹʱʲô඼Թ
˻

˼ҵ˲£˵£ȥڽԪ̽ӣϢţȻնͼľ

֮ǰýԪȻ·ţɵͲһˡ
֮ôصԪȻֹΪȢڹ򵥣׽ԭ

үĻ䣬֮ǰҪŽԪ⼸λӶ뿪նͼľʱգһλӵоǷ
ţĬĬδ˵ʱһǺϣ

үô֪
Ҳѡ֡

Ԫ岻ѣڶ࣬δټϱ֣ҫڹ죬Ƕ֮ǸŪˮĺʱ

Ȼ⼸λܴδȨĻ֡
»ĹλдĿǰ䲻Ӻ˻Ӻǵӣһӵ֡

ɺλȨز׽ӴǸգҪ׵Ķࡣ

ˣүΪβһʼͶϡ
ֺ˱ˮԻָЩѪɫ̫֮ױ¶

ˡһɽ˹ȥүûڴر塣
֮ӱͷ굮һһŮϲúܣޱû꾩֮֡

ţڣ㲻صġ
üͷǳģ

ΪλҲݸ߹֮ˣŵġ
ϾӵĽǶүǹĵġ

ʶֻҪӺģүúܲҡ

ȻүЩɼίȫ
˵ˣүҲٽˡ

һͷأԲͷ˵󣬾þԺС

棬Ҳֻʱܸ֡
û뵽һգࡱ֣һݳޡ

ʱ̽ճݵԺһͷķ䣬ŻŲ
˼ʣ£λʱΪȻҲˮҪҪ

ȥƹô
ûŵ˿ա

дȥ͹ˣߴ˲ȥζʱˣȥ׼ˣ߰ɡ

ûע⵽ָ߳ʱԺڵȻһ洰
վڴӣںī۵׳ڳصһĨ⡣

ʱ޵ķٴαߵ졣
üģϣûᣬʱ֨ѽһƿš

˭
˾䡣

ǵ¡߷ּЦ
޼Ӵߵңͷȥ

λܵ¶С֡ӴϣɫѣЦûо̫ȥѴͨͨ򿪡
ǡ

һԵ̴ŴͨͨչǳӴӽ̷ģͼ֮ʹӵ¡
Ժ˳Ŵӿ룬˲佫ڻܰεˡ

棬Աۣȥڵˡ

ӴԹԵŵûô¿Ǵ˲ٶȥСأʧǲе죿
֪ǴļҳģЩŵĹضͬ˷谮Զʳˣ졣

ԣΨ಻С޵һЦ
䣿Ӵɫ䣬ҲôУ

䡣

ҲԼΪʲôһҪ˵Ļ֪˿̣һ²һ¡
ᵽҪȥ࣬޾̲סԡ

ӴЦһ̴һɫ
̴߹ȥһѳϵıӡ

һӰʯ䣬̴ӡءֱ˹ȥ
ӴСûһУɱɱ

죡
˿̣ϣüβһѹҵĵӴ

ӴСڽ̷ƤãСͽţƽռĴǺȨĶɷ֮ˣȲܿƵһƨȥˡ

ûһͲ֪ˡ
㵽ʲôˣ㡭Ӵʶˣϲϡ

í˾վӴ״ͬһ̴ڵϻԲѵ˾ܡ

ҹſڡ
Ĺ˿ȥ·ûˣ֣˱˽

㻳вʡµߺ飬ͻͻ̫Ѩ
û뵽ܸߺȶƬˡ
ҹߺԼ˼ͼղľµĹԱСۣҲΪ౳ذС

ؾۣذȬټϽͼղã̰ˡ
磬˽ͬҲûôнھϯȰźȾƣԥʱߺ棬еľȫ

һپϯߺ顣

ûСˣϻ߸û˰취˴ˡ
ߺĲᣬھƷֻǹ˳Ҳк

˹㿸ڼͷ·ϵ߽լֻŻһ
ʱӽסɵۡ

һζܣǡýҹ޷Ҳơ
ŵʵζʵϡ
ҲһЩƣһûסҲŤͷȥ
һᣬ£ڴԵƬ̣ȥѳ½źߴˡ

꣬С㣬ȥ԰ţ򲻿óͳ֮ĵ֪𣿡
ֻЩ棬ȻˣߺͲһˣҪְδȢףײл˸ĸ׵ĶȻҪкĵġ

۳㼲뿪æߺ뻨԰СĶš
ߺ˳ڵϣº͵ĿǰŮӡ

ɫӳı֮òŮӸӳѷ

ΰɡ  
ߺ롣

Сţûô
ͷһ̧סļͷ˹ȥ

СšһɵζϢ
ü˱ӣգգۣЩƽղЦС˼

С壬治ܺȾơ
šľľĵ˵ͷ

´αˡ
ģСš

ҹߺᣬŪ඼ȥˡ  
ˣڵϣ̫ˡκߺ̫ò׳ߺʱһͻȻƵģϡ

ࡰһӸȥȴ룬һȵĻ

̧һơ
һǲ̬;С






72.  72   

ŵһŨľζ, ɵüͷû˵ʲôĸ첲˷, ɡ
ߺգ۶޿, ȷ˹Ŀı¡

ܿ, ͼղǸɱˡ  
ͬʱº͵ģЩ롣

ţξ١, ⲻ
δ䣬಻֪Ķͳӣסߺ͡

ءߺߺ, ɫ䣬֪Ȥı졣
޷һζߺ, Ա, ȥĶ

Ȼءǰɡ౾˵ܸ, Ѿһ, ˶ӣȥûʲô˵ָ

áֽߺһ, ڼϡ

, ˷ܸϼӰأլԺý϶, ֻѲߡ
޿ܿЩˣһ·ȥס

, ޴ߵ齱߽˰, ȥŪЩˮ
áȥĹ˿ȥŷַڿյ, Ϊ

ǵãóģָסŵļʳȱС˸ź
ʶڲӦ

ĬȻ˿һŰǰ
ɫɵֳ¼֡

ʱϵߺͻȻ˵ʲôƺҪˮȣߵǰ£
£ֻȵС뱭ˮ˸齱߶ߺһסͷţСţá

ȺЩˮ
ûƵ˼ƽʲôֻߺüۣЦŴյ豭Ժˮ΢ɲ̧ƤĿ⴩ļͷ߽ݣվһͷޡ

֪ΪΣߺ޵ͻȻ£Ŀ䡣
ôˣ

ˮߺ齫ߴ˻
ûˮ

˵ţеıӱһֻֽ˹ȥʶˡ
ֱ˸ˮˮȥŪմˮȽӵݸࡣ

һռմۻӴ齱߶ݱ׵Ķϴһ۵֡

Ѿҩ
޽񳿸Ҫҩȡ

ȹˮߺ鲻֪ѣǸ
ͻȻĶ϶˵Щͼղ£ҩƭι޵лŷѾȥˡ

СšߺָƽճνŵίС˵ţСŰ˿źס

ô
ղңҪɱˡߺ˵ЩĲᡣ

ģˡ
ϲСţ

䣬֨ѽһɾѰ˹

£һٺҡ
Ѱˣȥҳ£֪λҹһֱڻ԰ŵ£ָ

Ȼ⡣

·ɣһߴȥƫԺָŵùźš
ǣְס

ڻϣԺڹͺͺӰǰȴߺ鱧ʱĳŴȡӡ

ͼղͼһǻ

Я  
ʲô˼

֮ǰ໰ϻᵽʱһ˿ҡ֮ǰģˣȥֲһȥúȥҲܰί
µһϣĳŵ

ڣƺֻվԭأͷҲصıȥˡ
û

ôˣ࿴ڵ£ɫںڰ֮У΢΢
죬˭Ҳ䣬û롣

ŤͷˣŵĻ棬֮ȥ
Ӳ˸ֽ˵

ȥɣ䡣
Ӱ̵иһº͵΢ЦϣѰ˿׵Ӱӡ

ڷ໺ߵǰϸϸɨޡ
ǵΪȻҲˮӷڵƺһЩ̫õ¡

ͷ
ûһѪɫڻ谵ĵƹ£ʺɫ΢΢ţһֱĴ

ûӦݣ߽ĵȼһĨ΢ϣ

ȻŲŲ˫ǲС֣һ˿ʱ˵ͷ
̧֣̽Եסֻ޹ǵС֣һģָ˳ŷ϶룬ͬʮָۡ

Ҵһº𣿡

һ¡ͷ½غڰ֮С

طߣԭԼһһС
ȴûһΣȥһС

˵ʲôоȷиĿڡ

û˦֣һڵЩŰߺ¡  
ĬڵΪ

ڻ԰ʲô
㡣̰Ŀֻһ֡

£
뿴㡣

ͻ£ȻΪģɻ͡
֮Ѿˡ

ڣȴѾ˵ˡ

ָʲô£
ûʲôһ

һ
סĸƵģʲô

˭˵˭ڵİþߡ
̣һԡ

תһ룬Ȼν͸νˣս⡣
֮ĵ΢΢յ²ٻͷδհһƬ

̫ӣһ͵͵Ԫġ

ճڣԼôƵģˡ
֪ĬĬڡ

һһֱڽԪ㣬Ӧ
Ļֱ˵ʲô˼ˡ

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죬ںڰ˼ڣɺģȴǿȫ޷ԺһֱŵϢС

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š

תᵽͼղ£һûһţлл

ʵû̫˵ʲôֻں£ʲôʱֳߡ  

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ࡣƽ֣Բ𡣡

оָһһա
ִĳȥ

֮࣬ǰ£Ņ̀ͷ
Ѿ˵ˣҲѾش𡣡˲Ǵ˵ˣһʱϵĴ̡

֪˵һΣ㶪ڹԺ檣ֻǡʵû취˵ѡضС£Ͷͷβˡ
еһУҵĴԲ𡣡

˵֮ǰ²ᣬû塣Ļһɺ磬Щ

֪Ϊʲôѱĵǹģ˿ȴͻĵǸҡ

ΪǸʱ̫ƽ̫棬ĮĵǸҲᵽ֮º˵ڵġ
ûԤסûԵɵһǸǱʹʱĵǸзĶࡣ

޻䣬ԴѾľļ˵˶˼۵Ǹһ֮ԼΥԼȡΪң˻ؼҵĻᣬֲ˵ġ
һ

֪ʱͥԺŶëķѩ

һᣬҿ㻭Ĺ¡ƶһĳһúţһֱ㡣
ֱ뵽ǽԪŵºȲȥ㣬ӡ֤˲²⡣

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ŵ㣬̫˽

ԽԽС΢һƬѩޣʱʧ

иĸֳ۰ǹµһˣҿŸˡ
ҵһߵģ࣬ٲᡭ鷳ˡ  

΢΢Ц⣬ںڵӳͷϵ⣬Ҳӳĵ׹ΨһŵĹ

ͷǰģһƬŷ֣֪䣬Լˡ

޵ĻںǸ⣬һ˵ĸо
Ǿֻʲôѹ޵ͬʱҲѹͭǽڡ

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á

ҪԸһ֮ҸһҪ㡣
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ĴǣҲûϸȥʣֻݰɣѾ˰ߴ˽ˡ

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ŰɣҲմơǿվ
ԺҲٺȵ㡣

ûشֻƿѾҩڻȵϣͷҲصˡ

޲ǵԼôصڵġ
ʶʱڸһź

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л۵ҩô
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ܴȵԭ
ǲİˡ

İˣͷĹϵһ˵ѾǼĿԽ
Ǿԭ£θŨ⣬û˱ĸо

֮ȰϺ꾾˵





73.  073   

ҹһѩ, ͬСˣ᷿չߺҹĸ죬ѹߺҹһУΨüһҡͷ, һҪȥ糯, ̤ŷѩ뿪˹  

նͼľһЩرĽ, ҹҹٵ, Ͻ֡
ŹĹٵƣþҡڵߺظֻ˵˽ַ, Ȼۻأڰ;, μɵ

׾, , ὣ׷ȥ
ʱ, ׷;ڳǶƣ, ǰ

ٿȻ, صĽŲ͵ػ, ֻڵڣһˡ
ٻͷʱ, ׷ŵѾ, ΨгѹĲۼ

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磬ס
ڹٴһһ·ߣʱ, ûʲô̽Եߵ췿š

Ӧ
ӣǵگˣкϢ

ʱOO@@һɤƮ
ūŴ˽ˡ

ڹƿţƣǹϤ˳ڹߵگļ䡣
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ù˼壬ӵ.ˣǵãǲЩġ
ı֮ɫһԳֹĵôᡭ

ڹߵƫҵ鰸ԣһͷڣĵУľſأ߳
¡گϥ¹

񣬵һ·ࡣ
گ¹һ˲䣬һĺ磬΢ɲüͷ

ʱگ̧ͷҴҴСӣɫ󣬲ƣɫЩеְΪ°£ԣա

ȱˮ̸ͻȻϵگ°ڣڲ谸ǰؿʼ衣
ڹٻ⣬߽ңʱگӯĲţ˳ǳЦڹٳݡ

⵽βĿ⣬ȻһЦˮ·նͼľһ˼գ
ص£˴αְԣ˴һ·Уֲ飬һ·磬һ˶ʮա

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ûٻش˳׵ָ⣬סСӡ

گĬȻһ裬裬޹ɸһƽȵĵˮյһòڽ࣬ԼĪСʱĽⱭ衣
Ʒɫ̧ʣտĸϢ

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;ݣڹܱ

䰲̣֡Լұŵš
꿪Ԫд֮䰲Լң׸

֮󣬳дϺϢ⣬û˹ĸκϢ
һʱ䣬һֱѰĸ䡣

گףޡ
߬豭֣ɵڵĲˮ΢΢

ʱЦϺĸڵһȥ
گԣҲͬһ𰸡

ҾԸ

ΣͻȻڹͬһŮӿ޿졣
گ͵彣ͣϵȥ

ȻԺµģǺϣŸѾͷһŭڹټӳˣֻøһ˹
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Ҷң

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ð𣬴ҵЩˣģһҼСŵ⣡
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װ
˵£ǲͿˣѹͲʶľŵ¡

ӷ£һǸӿĹ￴£ͺüۣ㼤ҪΪ̫ǰԴãټǰ̫ŸĹð쭲Ź֡

˵ʲôһͷ
λԪ˷Ϊ˵ľŵº䣬Ϯʧȥ꿪ͻȻС

ȥ꿪

أɨµĺϣЦ˵´˿̻δùŰɣСüдʮգҲøĳһ͵Ļᡣ

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İǴɫԲԡ

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ʱգ֮Ħࡣ

ǵˣڹ֮óпơ
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ģ˭ԸЩϲ
ֹٹ٣գҲ¼֡

ͻȻſڣһöӹڻߺ顣
ˣЦ̣ĵⲻ˾ôչƫ߼ӡ

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ָ
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š




74.  074   ôԸ⿴ң

żڵ̼¯Щ, Ǻȣ⵽϶Ŷĺ顣
Ƴ۰˸Դرܵ۾ƶš

˲Ե޹ô࣬鶼ˡ
ȥͼղ, ˸͸һƵ, ̫ϳˡ

˸ǵȾˣġ  
ûСȻ˲ĺ

Ҵͼղ, ˸¶˸棬֮Ұ˸, Ҳˡ

ЦЦʵʵ˵ǰʱȥƲЩ, ⲻ궼ûܻ
ǰյܱƲӺ}Ӱ, ϱųȥѰ޹

, ǳ, ȴܽ
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š

TW㽲, תģ˸, ҽˡ
ǰЩ, ˶ٵ˵ˣûüȥ㵹Ǳҿ, һٵһꡣ

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šϷӦٶۣƬ̲Ż˾䡣

˸ǿǲˣҸ˴򣬲ȥơ
˵ţһζ֪Ӻδ˽͵ߡ

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ϴҴҴΧ⴦żǺģľ壬Ķпܡ

Щ㱣ȴ֪ǵʶǿݣˣߣ˸ȥ㸮ơ
ͬ첽߳¥캮ضôһ¶ȣϲɵô˸硣

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ֳסڣʣ˸첲ôŪģ

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ūƼˣģȷ񡣡

ⲻֻһˡ
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ΪԹɥ°ǰ⣬꾩˲֪

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ˮҹգǿžȥѰ˼඼ûҵˣ˺㳹ײˡ

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ʵڿȥ޵ľܾҪڹУǰԹһϤչʳӡ

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ҹ״һˮߣ˴ࡣ
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ЩΪŵڽԪѣָסŵ˵˭ֻʲôݣ֪֡

⵽ƻŤ
תһ룬СլαүҴţүù⡣

Ϊ֪ȥף뵽ֻ֣ó̾ҡҡͷ

Ե

˿̣ȡ¶ñ΢΢ͷٿȻԣֻ˸Ųɵһ͡
š

δ䣬ﴫȣӯĽȥĿһƣȦδǸƤ멵ӵϡ

ü΢ִëʣһŵͼȦ
ȫûע⵽߽ڵֻ࣬ľضΪ׻Ը˾䣺ףҵˮɡ

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ĿڵĹ

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⼸űװնͼľĴСԽҽݣҲʹ򣬶û˱ݣɢĶҩ
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լһʮҶȫڡ

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75.  075   ͵ǸҵĽɡ

һ, ޵Ҫȥûĵãգλַ˹컹δ, ˹˵ϢѴնͼľ
, ߴԴֳ, ѯ¼˶ʧǮڵҹ, ˣ˼۶ڹܡ

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ǰ, Ƶơ

ʱĹ, ѲߵԱնࡣ
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ֹͣѰ˸ͣ£޷ſڣ۲Ƭ̡

Ƕ˭ǡ
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ףȻذ׵ݹȥ¶á
šģĳذף㰲뿪ʱԶԶںӰƺڷʲô಻֪ǰ˼

ٿأͷ¸ֽذ״ȥ뱻Էһ߬סӣշڣһѾĴ֮ϣʶҧ죬˵
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뵽ͼղǸҹPڣ·˾ʱǸͻȻְµİ
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ǣֱӻסһ˱ְϳˣԵСˡ

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С

ʲôҪ˵
Ҫһ棬ȷǲīɼĶǣҫƣԪҪ

üӣ˼Ƭ̵˸ңҼ
ǾҺ磣īɼһһʮĸһа취Լ

Ͱ˸֪֮¡࿴
֮ǶͰ˸кܴ⡣

ôɲ˵

֪û¶־ɫϴʱ򣬾֪ˡ
ô֪룬·Լһ꣬˵֪һǵýԪʱ֪ġ

λҹˡ

뵽뿪նͼľǰʧһʱ䡣

˸ҹ鷳
ޱؾᣬֻҿ㣬Ӧõġ

ҪЩ֥ùӵ£ڰ֣һһ룬㣬һᡭ
޴ϵأҴ˴ԪΪѰ䣬ڰŻҵ䣬޷ȡ

Ԫ鷳ҪرֻԸҺ֮£ܽ¡

Էѻ˵ͨ͸Ҳٶ˵ʲôֻ˾䣺ǡ

*

Ԫ¶ʮնͼľѩɡ
ʧԣҹӳĽ˱ϸ

ǽͷöѾգ̺ʽü飬ûҵǼС

һȥ
˵ȥʱأͬСһ·ȥţԺƼ˹ԺеһԵĺī顣

ԺڲˣֻŵĵطλεģԲ̫Ծ
ͣסţͬԺһͷѾ߶ۣԷһæСߡ

㣬ȥСɩɩ
£ΪһСӣίʵ㡣

ֻѩţʵ̫˵οӻһԡ
⵽ǳͷ˭һ

߹ȥҪȴû뵽һ¾ûз
ī⵽վڲԶĺ䣬ſǻʹùãȾСɣأֶĴ

ȥŷϵѶѾסˡ

ˮ  
ϥѾһ

ȥ°ϵĸһ߶µŵ£ʹá
㣬㡣

īһͬţһ죬Ǳ˲
ʱξܿαŸӣԶĺ䣬ɵɫ£ӿ첽ţŵ¡

ֺŻͷһƽģʲô£һͬɩ˵
ξܿԭأһ仰Ҳ˵ڡ

һ·ͻԺսݣһǺ˵Ũֱ֮Ӱ˳ȥ

ȿȣôộʣֹû˵
ŸɾỤ̃ʣܷ֪

ᣬлտڲ֮ǰܵίֻСġ
һԵĺī֪ʲôȴġ

Ϊβ˵
ŵϴνūҵģūҲǡͷ궼ڷ

ϧī飬ĸ׵ְ𣬿ɽ캮ضҪˮ㣬ԾҪ㡣
ūˣܷū

ˣϽȥѰɣһҪȥǰȶ硣ඪ󣬴Ҵ뿪
;·Ťͷôŵ¡

ΪСʵǹ̼ģ͵£֮̿Իð̣Ϊ֮ǰ˳̼𣬰˵Ӧó
šΪĸӡ

˵ʵΪѾЩǣǿյǶɱġ
ԵӦòͻȻ˵˾䣬㲻⡣

͵·СǹȥǸΧģ˵ȥô·Ժأ
Ȼ򣬵ͷ˵ǡ

ɵģͬϵĻѩһƬ೤̾ɵüӿ첽Ҳ֪ûС

ȥãξܿڵӿȻһЦðͷգŰݷõǲ˻һϷ

ãôˣ磼ֱӽݣЩ⡣
Ƴоɫֲµ˹û߶ϡ

һЦ磬һˣѲûͨôղȥƫԺתһȦȥ˿
üβһѹܿȻȥɣҪ顣

ξܿմմ۽ǣѾ߲Ż뿪

磻ˣվǲţֵĲ裬𡣡
Ц߹ȥ£յһڣòǺò裬Ǻеؿࡣ

綼ڿô
ңֻǸĸ״СǼҺˣĺլǺܺ͡

ûһһʮϴƫԺ¸
ţۿЩ鴲֮ˣ֪ܲϵĺۼӺζ

ĩˣ磵˾䣺ãҴˡ
ãֻûĸţƵҪΣǻʼã뿪ġ

һͬĸ˵֮ݽĸ׿ʹЩˣȥԺ
ף޽ǺһĨˮ顣

Ϊլ֮£߶磬˸ĳ涾ǵþҵʵĴƲ
磳ĬƬ̵֪

仰˵е壬׷ʵ˼֪ˣ
ʵʵ˵µģȥͼղãҾͷЩ̫Ծֻûʲôõİ취ֲ˵ǴȾĶϰһʱһҲûʲôЧֻܿһȥ

ǿⶫҪһֱãûиⶾǴȾģ

˸ı£Ҫһˣ˭Ҳ
ǶܲܰѰ˸ԼʶһжеǲҲֶǵĻ취⡣

ãҪЩʱգҲ̫Ըˡ
ǾͶˡ

һˣ˵Щʲô
Сɩɩ£Ҳ촦׵

ͷͬţԺԺξܿĹĵĳҭš
αΪСѹأүҲû

ξܿαӳ˳飬Ѿһۣ㶮ʲôȥҰֽϴθ˵ķӣѾˡ
ǡ

պûϢ࣬ɰͣй䡣
Ƽҽſһĳӣȥ̽һ

ȴűӻ¡ں߲




76.  076   д̿ͣ

ǲȥߺ, 磬ڰż档
ߺƺûһµ, в, ŵ, 뵽סڹ̫ӣ֮Ĺϵ

ڵһ, Ϊ̫һٶĳΧԼȡֵʲôϵ
, û͡

Ů֮ĥ˵£ǲͱƿıֽ, ǿƿ, ҪôԴϲ, Ҫôơ

ߺ鲻ð, ں䣬־ڱصá

ʱ, ߼Ҿһ, ֳͻȻߺͼղ£˵˵ŵͬӦϽͼղܶ
һ˵Ҫ, Ұ̽ߺͼղò¾нյĹ, ߺ֮ܽ, ܶ¿أпΪŵµ

һߺ߼ҵĵλֱ
һֱƲ۵ĸ, Ҳ˽⣬Ϊ֮ı

ߺ˼ʣСŽѰҿ£
ֱ⣬ѽ

ߺǳͷ۷ȣΪȻδ¶ɫĽ͵Сſ֪ÿ궬ʱڣ򳣺Ҹͷۿ֮˱ƽҪ̫࣬ġ
궼ôƼҽſڶ˳ӡ

ߺ˵ɲܿģԭĽȣֽԪҫơ֧ԮȡȨ
ڣһ鼸¶ûͷɼ֮

ΪȽƵҲδ֪Сţͬȥ伮вʮ±ɡ
ǵأлߴ˽󡣡Ϊһˮ

ߺֹҲûʵʳڡƬֱ̣ӻ˹
ظǲȥָ󣬽޲ڡ  

磬һţдúģдǸлĻҲᵽīպշ
հųˡ

ţĵһ˿ѹ

Ѿã֮·ϵȡᣬûʲôԴ
Ƕġ

ЩѲӰ

һ磬𴲣׼빬밲ſڵȴס
¡׹

£
С˸ҩҡ

ҩң  
⵽Ů϶ŸСֲӡ

ϸϸһţȷйҩζ
಻ҩζ漴뵽տԷȵĲ˾䣺أ  

үСճȥˣҪҸ

ҩô£
С˵Ƚ棬޳С׼ҩҸ£Ͳûˡ

˵ţ˫ַϣҩԱȱ˵ľࡣ
ϲƾ£һ𻨸עĿ

һ˲漴¡
ʱӴĵҪÿոٵĹأãŵϵҩңʣ£С˺棬ʲôôС˼ҡ

С嵣ĳصظ׼ҩҡ
Ӵɫºɣ͸һɼ£ǽ֦ҶɵͨЩҩ¶

üͷʲô˼
ûʲô˼ǵµˣǶۣΪ˵µİΣ롣

ƽӴŹµ棬ӣĵֱðŭ

عͷҩ䷽֮ǰر׼ģвǼơϸǡҶɵȣɴʮң¿ɵŴ
¡ְҩǰѾŴ鿴еĲҩûġ̲ס͡

ţ̷ַȥСһСҪǾͲǿˣССȥɡ  
սһ㶣Ҳû뵽ƽտ⼸λĵ»ͻȻĮ  

ٽҩϵã٣
ģպã׼ҽڡ

Ӵ״ĵһţÿε¶㣬ػû˵һΣôջΪҩҵ϶һ죬Ͳء
¡

λذɣǵҪ밲ˡ
½£˰˻ȥ

δϵ޹Ũҵҩ̴ŷ촰
üͷʵǰհ֣֣ĸ׿ɻãôͻȻ˰ݣ

ŵ򰲣TWϰã岻ʣǰ빬ˮһͲˣϾǵ̫ϾɣûѬˣѬһѬġ

ī鲡ˣĸںδ
ƫūȥ

һ·߽ƫλ̫ҽιˡ
ĸס

Ŷۿ졣
̫ҽݣͷһĸ򰲣ī鲡ĺأ

˵˵⺢ʱö˶˵ģôձһҪ֪ˣҪĳʲô
ΣīͷһӣȻ۰мӡ

ɴ£ͯޱһǣ䣬ġ  
ÿſƬ̣⵽īСѾࡣ

ĸĪҪ̫ģҲáοƬ̣Ť̫ҽô£
عµĻС飬Ƚûע£˲Ż

ĸСģµ⣬ͻȻಡǲͬʱйأ̫ҽжۣ
۰ӣһΪ˶ܷŮˣԶӲġ

ŮͻȻʻĸ⡣
תһ룬ͼղһ̯ӣ٣οȻ

صµĻ̫ҽѾ⵽ڵĲȣر֮ӦøСﲻһ
Ǹʲô

ղˣԴѪ˿·ģѾΪС֢ҩҪĵȴת
˵ţ̫ҽҲͻȻΧ˰벽

ɫһתԴϵĸײ࣬ݶΪĸ׷ǽѡ
øۣβŵҪչ

ǡ
ٿأȺ̫ҽͻȻС£֦ҶչСźտǳΡ

ĸױҸΪùãЩӦõġȥ̫ҽȺ£񣬡һСģĸͬ⡣

ĸȻᾡľ
뵽Լ״ȷΪŮ㶮ͷǱŶˡ

лĸ׳ȫչ˺ĸָīʰңһͰȥ

ʱ̫ҽ˵£ʹѽСȥ

ΰͲͷģλ̫ҽġһ㻤īһͬȥҹɡ
˵̫ҽͻȻˣϢŭС˲˼

ǲ˼ͷ̫ҽһ˰ɡ
ͻȻһ˸ԣŽ̫ҽֻЦӦˡ

ʱһ̫ҽ˳ȥˣϿѴҩҸĸףѰ˸ŵù̫ҽֱеҩġ
ǻ¶ڹڵĶԼȥģҲҪСġ

ȷ϶û󣬴Ͻ˰ҩպãȣǲ̫ҽ׼һЩȥС
ī鲡뿪룬ڵⱻһ̫ҽסˡ

ŵְ֪Ҫµҩһš
㾯Ķ֪ס㣬ʣΪҪҵҩң

£ְҪҩңֻζΪϤְʦȵҩЩ񡣡

ֻۣ˵֣Ȼ
֪һŵֹʦǸҩҡ

£ͬʦ

ˣʲôȥ˵Сﾭ·;̫Զ
ǡ

·֪֪ͣʱ߲֪һұ۴ȣĺĻ飬Ǵֱ߹ȥ뿪

֪ʦ顣

죬е˼
޻׼ҩң֪ڵʱô򵥵ġ

ڣҪ̸ͬһΡ

ٿأͻȻ͵һΣػд̿ͣ




77.  077   Լû

֪䲻ʲôҴ, ԣʱǳߺƽȡ
һֱ˳̫ҽûܹʲôࡣ

ཻž, ŵ˸顣
ΪӱܵȥԵĹ, ˭Ȼһ, ֱֱ˳ȥŵصˤϡ

ϣ
ƮһеЦ

˵Ƚ֮ʱ, ЦĲУ֪Ͼ˼̧ͷȥ, 컯֮£Ӱ, ֺ, ˿ͬǾһ
ٿ, ˳˰, ڵ˵ʲô

֪æ˻ȥ, , Щ߾ȣɫְػ°Σ
౻Ķ, ̧ÿһǣע

֪ǻŵ, ǰŮ, žµСѰ־
²ôʶʳڣԾʧԡ

ڣ̫ҽñǡ  
֪ҭôһ, 㶻أǣ

˿̽һƬǽ壬Է࣬׺ѸݣһֱͼѰͻƿڳ

̿⣬ӦԳδô̿Ϳʮ֮ڡ

ٿȻ·ԵݶϷˣֱڹԡ
˲֪ңüͷ𣬴˾䣬㣡

ڲӦƼ࣬һѳ֣ὣȥ㣡
СӦӦʱתΪϲʶض˵Σա

ȻһЦѸֽ
ãҾػ㰲Σġ

뵽ϴʱͷˣĵᣡ
ʱֳ֪Ų̫ͬõˡ

²ϴιʧԱٺߴаŵջó

һʱ䣬·л̿͡
ԷƲ֮⣬ǵһߣ

ʱд̿ͱΧ˸ɾ

ѪǣסϢĴָ̿ͣ߳ӵ㣬ٴŲΧֵ棬֮ˣֱ¡
ǣף

㽫̿Ͷ֧ԮĻѸˣ뿪

彣Ӧԭأ׿֮ϵŮӣӭĵչ⣬ɫᶨ֪ΪΣϣһ˵Ӱӡ

ү뵽һ
ʱ˿̣ɳѾΧҰѰ䡣

ߴŵſӦǰѯ
ʣҹİ

ְף»صְ˽ͻع
ûж⵽һˣڳ롣

ţǲõˣ
ԴɣĬƬ̲ŵصµĻǡӰġ

λӣ
˴ײ

üβһ˼˵ôǶѺعѶ
˻Ϊ˶߶µ¹ͷϢŭǡ˵µ

Ϊ¿ԷʱͻȻŸʲôأǰѺعô֡

ϵ֪ŵµһͷˮУŵò񣬶ׯ  
һòģׯҲģʱǹӳ侲ɽȫŮӵʶ

һ£˻ӰŵܻعŻĴ̿͡
֪һλ̫ҽȥȥƫԺչī顣

ֱȥָ

ͬһʱָ̣ڡ
ͷرڵϣŶǰƿڴ

С壬޳Сˣ˭ĵӸôң

ڣⲽŵŶ룺Ҹġ
ˣʧɫ£¡Сʲôûиɰ

ʳЩʲôˣ࿴Ѿޡ
Ѿˣʣ»

һԵӦԼӸСƵģɵÿɵۡ

˭ˣ
ԡ

ãȻĿȥš£Сʲôûԩ
ŪǷǣˣȥҪҼ˵ô

뵽ʲô˫ɴ󣬼СˣȻ״
޳ţʱǺЦض࣬ƶûһۡ

۵׿նԸѻõȥðɣûѶˡ  
ǡ

캰صıߣ˼һ·µ˳ȥҲ൱ʶȤ뿪

Ķ˵ʱЩĲɡ
޲ЩԾطֲ֪ΪΣ𣺡ʱҶˡ

ȥɣлʡԭأ·
Ȳȥ

׺ɵĿô
࣬ںʲô

ĵһֱŵǸң䣬ˡ
ûС

ǸΣ˾䡣

ʲôõǸġȥ

ٿأһů
ǰס֣ŷС߬

һĽָ߬˳Լָ䡣  
ֺõģģϸϸĦͼŵ

˵嶼мģʶڿĿָ㿴΢СȷĪο

һͷ޲뿴ѹȴֱӵ̰һ̵и
ʱûȥܾ

˿̣顣
֮ǰǲ²⣬հ˸֧Ԯǡӡ֤еĲ²⡣

˸ڸϵ
ҲϣˣӦҲ֪ͨ޵Ĵڡ

ӦҲµˣͬӴĵȷǺϡ޻еҲȷīɼĶ
һô֪

ΪҰѺϽӽָС
һĨЦ⣬סīµƣ
ʲô

Ҫȥˣ޽ס㲻ҪżѾΪΣ˿̲˴š
۶־һŶ裬İ

Ȼˣǲֹǰ˸Ĳī飬԰æƹ

ϧǣԼûܻܰ񡣡һЦı

֮£ȷΪ֮ղ²⵽һ̫
ֻнԼ¶пݳ߳

Ѿ·ϸŲ֮˵٣ڻ֪Ρǹġ
Լû⵽Լֳʤ

ѾˣҵѾһ  
ºЦЦûаֳЦ̫˼ָʮָ۵ɳȥ

ûĮľܾôʱڽŵգȻͲ١

пҪʤġ
ͱգûްĳ֣Ҳܴ׵

ǰֵЩĶݡ

˲֪룬ֻǶ˶ָľķһ˿⡣
룬ù̲ȥ˸ڱΣ˿̵ȷһδ

棬ƽ̸˺֮¡
ͺղǣֵһĻûзƵġ

߲֮ο
ںе档

һǰ϶벻ڻͬһ£ȥͬһ⡣
һ̣յĶԹԹ񱻶ݵһɴʱõһԡ

ݿǷŵ飬ޱ뷨

޳˼Ƭ̣ü͵ǰʱƲһߣǲ֢չ죬ⳡ߲伣

֪Ʋⳡ߲ģҡҡͷӦò߲ͬרȥҩʹȥץҩĶѰ˷磬δӵƣҲûǳô졣  
Ŀǰۻδ˷粡ˣʱǶܳ

ţδʳڣͻȻ㼱еŵ£ְ



δ䣬ѾŽ¡
ְ²𷣡

˷޵ĽͣĻɫ糣սթץɡ
üʣ£Źʱƫ԰Ҳڽź˵СͻȻѪˡ





78.  078   ˣ⹷ļƣ

ͬ޸ϵīסƫԺʱ, һŮɴʮ֮ĵطҪȥȴһס
š

˵գȺ, ȥ, ٿȻ, Ըһˣסڡ
ҪҲ, ֶ

˵ţڴ
ͬѰβǴ֮ɳƵĺ, ͷԵŲ, ɷ˵ؽһѿ, ֱԺȥ
ڲԶǼָŵСͻȻ, ʱ, æӡ

ʲôأҷ˫, ޲Ϊ, ŭŲھ

ҪγͷС壬С嶼, ֻ̫ҽɴɼΣ, ûиǲǰ, »ܽȥֱֱԺȥ
ˣҰ£Ķ˷, һѳסͷһ

һƶϵ˿߬С
µ˲޷Ӧ

ץһѡ
ʱ.ͻȻ¸᲻صİƣٿغˣͷƤ飬ˡ

һͬ˵ģзܹʹӡ
ҲҲǣ»˻ʾգ˿

һʱȱԺӣ˲ɣҾͰͷ⡭

޵ķѾ׸ң˿䣬⣬ﺬЦǷˣ͹ɣֻҪǼӾͺá
ƾʲôҵ£ʲô

ס˼Ƭ̺ǳĻشг衣
ûܺ޳ˣͷƤһƲеͷǺãٲԺг趼ǣ

䣬Ȼͣ²ţ
˿̶ǡò԰еһ䣬޽ڱƵǽ˶ǰ޴ȥ

ڹˣ

޿Ȼӽͣԣī峿շձпѪ֢״ôʮ֮˾ߣҲȥ

˵ȫڵסչ⣬Īѹȣ˲֣಻֪ʿˮÿ
ͻȻ£ʱû˷ǿӲĵ˾䣺ȥĶ

ȥʹҸĸס
һ㶣ǲ֪

뵽һˣ˵һ䣬Ҫڵ֮Ҫ߿ܱϢȥʹ
࿴ɲΪûŪ˼͵ҪȽīնӴ˭Щ˶пѾȾߣڻڻʹʱƣ롣

ףͬһ𡣡
ĿתĶ侲ĻﾡŵĿֻţ޵ǰֽͬ֡

ȥʲô
ȻҪͬɫϾʱֻǴȥͷ

ȻҪȥҸʣǴҪ顣

˼Ƭ̣Ϊ޶Ըûв󣬵˵ͷá
ڴ֮ǰȥָ󿴹˸˵

һ˽Сϡ
߰ɣûʱԥºһЦתָȥ

ټۣȷǰϿݹǻۺ󣬶ʱԭأۿ˲ʪˡ
򡭡¡޷ֻõͷ

ǷʲôŤޡ
һޣʣƫչӦӤͯӱſֵĺ˳ϳŻŮ󣬲ŵӣ

ӱλǽԪľŵ¡ۼʱ
µĻ࣬ҲǺ䣬ɽ͸һұǡ

ߵӱǰɽͬĺӣ
ӱеӤСҲµģ

ǣϴиϢ¶ӱЦŽԼĺӣ¶ŨŨҸ֮⡣
áҲŸˣŵĽʱɢȥ

Ӥ޹ǵС֣ɫ࣬Դɵɽ㣬ôɫ

ӱεĿޣ˵ͷСͣīɼĶҲΪ.ˮ˶ĪҪģѾ˽ҩ
īɼüͷһѹֲ֪߬µĶ

ǣǰʱ뺢°ߣ֮£ֻԪ
Ҳģ

ӱͷǶΰյӡ

ʤ˿֮ãǻ֮ȥʡͰۻкӣٴαһСûɵʱ޵ͷ

ǰһֱ̫ӵһһңĳŲȥ

ȥ޵ҧгݡ
벻ӾȻֶεӤŹɥĲ

Ƭ̲ŵɽģץסӣһ㱨𣡡

šӱǰСＸûб仯ǽ¼ĸо
ӱ֮ǰ˵ӻʱֻò˼飬ѪǰɵЩӯûڣá

¶Сѣ˵ɽͻڹںסţԪ̫ƽҪˡ

ߣɿ֣Ťͷޣ£Ѿȷô
޵ͷ֪۱ץߺ㿪ʼҩҽ䣬ͬغ̫ҽ͵õҽ¼Ƚϣٿīӣȷ

Ӧǰʱﱬһߡ
֣նͼľⳡ汬ˣ˻üͷݹƵָ߬ţֱ¡

ΪҽߣĺЩ꣬ߴÿһζǼҼнʬ֮ʹк֮
˿̱Ŀŵʬ죬ܿʬҰĳ

۳ĬƬ̣˵ȶ񶾼Ʋ֮ˣȻԭ¡
Ȼᡣ޸͡

̸մ£˸״󣬲֪ϲǡ
˸īɼߣжа֮ã˿ʲУīɼ󣬲ı֡

ϲǻܾȻһǱǰ˸˶ָܷʶһ棬ָʶҲǰպ·⡣

շ̫£جĺľګֻʣһƬհס

֪Ҫôĸ׽Ҳ֪θ˸˵¡
ͷɫˣҪڹŹرǰ
š

Ż۰ְݣûٶ˵ʲôͬһ˹ֱʹ

*

̫ӣŮˣŵ
һ󺮷ӰŵĴ϶˽ϵſϵ׺ҡҡ

ǣ޼˫ֹ˸
Ŀ򲢼ˣʣŶô̫ͬһģ

ͣȳڵϴһ𣬾ŵ׵󣬴˴չ˼Ԫŵгŵʰ˼빫󡣡
һԵ¶׺䶥ľȣҧŴֻ꣬ʲôУ

޲ΪȻ˵ţ˼Ϊͬµ£°աԪɽĴҪ̸ͬ
δţԼŮʣŶ⵽ôһ£

ɫĮһԵˣЦһ븸ʷģ̫ͬӾ˽飬֮Իֻ߻ҫơļϸ̫ӹҪ븮ġ
ޣ˵ѻݸ壬ǵûͷһĶߵĹ￴

û˵նʣΪԪ˿ڷ¡
˶٣ذ׸ʣҽīӻ˹˿̫̾ҽǵжϣӦȾߡ

ʲô߶ֱ֣ӴվǰԪϵǳߣĿֱڣܵӰıСû߳Ļ

ཫԼ֪߸ʣ뵽ǴӴϹڳģȥʴϹڵ˵쳣
ĸף׼ͬһȥĸסֵ޺ֻñֳĬ

Ťͷ˵»ȥ̽ϰɣǳĿȥÿ죬˸ȾǴ˿Ӧþв֢ˡ
һȥҲȥජޣһһ

˷޵ŸʽǾ䲻ҪĻڿɲҰͬһ̸
ڸλϵĴƼŮ̫ӣɻŮ˵Ŷȥĸף̫ͬлҪ˵

һ㶣޴ǹĨԲЦĵһ
ˣ⹷ļƣ





79.  079   Сʱ̽ԼǵС

뿪ĵһʱ, Ҳǵڹٻ޻ͬ˽̸
ڸʽʲô

뵽޸ʶһңЩĲɡ

Ŷǲ̫ˣҪҪȥС˯ϿŮЩ겻, סϵС֡
, ҡͷĸ׵, ŮֻЩеûġ

˿ڰζŨһŮѾ, ڵĳ滻£ͬ˼䣬ȥҺõҩ̫ҽ׼Ѭҩ, ԷЩġ
ĸӲãһС, ⼸ջٳ޹Ϊá

, ̧££Ů޽Ǵµķ˿, Ҵ, ºЦŶĳˣĸ, ҪŮ, ƣǲ⼸ҹûϢã۵׶Ѫ˿
û, 󣬶۾ˡһЦ, սĸ׵֡

˵, ߵͨţ, °ڣվڴࡣ
ʱ磴ξܿνƫ밲

ɡ
磷ŵֵ˵ڹزԴξܿν׼ؼϡ

Ŷӣʣĸףīˣ

ɩģī˿ҹϣ̫ҽΪҽΣǰյ˵īȶˡ˵ţɫؿξܿΣĿƣŵһֻɰϡ

磲⣬īǲôֱͻȥ˹
磬񳿽īʱĻûҿĸһԣ̫ͣҪȥչˡ

ͺеļвδͣлãܿЩˣôҶȥīظ
һԵξܿţеӡ

ڿ»С
üͷһѹΪβУ

ŸյţѾȷīõߡ
ͬξܿͫ͵һͬʲô

ⲻܣīһֱڸҲδԺôȾߣ
ξܿ¶ɫ͵ǰôߣǲǾŵ¸ˣ

ȷߣīУ˷̫ҽҲһ˳ֲ֢񶼱ˡ
˱ôξܿκȻŲʱðһ亹

֪λȾϣĿǰӴǻȾϵġ
ξܿ۵һ

̫ҽ˵īǰտǴȥѽҵŸСҪǸȾ˿ô죿
ҲҪͬͶɩ˵ģɩԣī鳣ӸУδӴˣôǴĶȾأ

вȷ˴ɩȻУ¸ȾȻһŲ飬ܸߵ״Ӻζ

ڼ棬δ⵽üͷ𣬻･ࡣ
һʱѰԴͷǶҪѸ֮˿ƺˣϾֻīһ˸ȾҲֻīһȾˣǱ㲻֣˻

˻ͷһξܿһŵµ˼Ǹ˹īȾ
ҡͷСһȣӲǷǣ޶˳һȾ˴ġ

һԵξܿδͷ۽΢΢

ཫתξܿΣʣɩΪأ
һξܿû뵽ŵ»ͻȻͷ΢΢һһССˣûþŵµͣīȾϵġ

˫ĿأߴŲ
ʵڵī飬ҹһظ̽ɡʱɫҲ磬绹ЩȥŲǸȾ߶֪ʱƲסɾ鷳ˡ

ţһȥȥҾͷ˵գǡ
ɫ£Ÿ̫ҽһӰ˸£֮⻹Ĺ滹δз䣬ʵڵȲޣĸףͬһҲҳһ࣬ߵķӣһʱ

ãǶҪչ˺Լ

˴ϣһ·ͬŷ֮£һԵξܿĬֻǼŲŻظ

;·ݳһҩ
ɩǱҩѬ䷽һЩ£Ȳ

ξܿ£֪Ķ磬еıֽ
ץࡰϡһӭԵξܿǰʱ߬Ÿɰ

ɰǹҵġ
Ǹɩû°ɣ˻ĺɰһᣬɩδѵʱıҩҸϵζء

ξܿɫһͣѰҩͬһС
߰ɣҲмδĸסԶ˸񣬴Ҵ뿪

ξܿĿֱ磶Ƭ̣л䣬ʣôͻȻˣ
ξܿνҧŴûʲôŵµ˼ߴڴģĺú¡

˵ţֹסĴ

飬̾ˣĪҪˣǸϽظŲ¡
˵ţξܿμ뿪

౾ֱӻعЩʵķ
ĵ⣬ɫ࣬δǲͷյĵź

߳һ۱ڰʯ̨ϵࡣ
ƣ壬ЦǸõµȺʱ

˾䡣
ĵƺδ仰Ӱ޸Ըǰʵʣʲô

ཫŷһһʮĸ߶Էô
ǶɩɩξܿαȻУһīͬԺסԶȾߣξܿȴһʱ亦ŸȾⲻߵ˸īӴ

ķŻţĲͬ粢ߡ
ֻŷȻ֪֮˵С

أͷ
ŵҩҰ׼֪īõߣô

ף϶Ĳ룬㶼ξܿ˵ʵ顣
ſԲȥ

ǣξܿµ£ʵԵԵǣȻ̧µĿҶ»һвˮɡ

ЩôߣĴ֣ббһɨޣԼôյŸʵ棬˵Щ޳֮ҿɻû
ͣ²ţһ㶣ЩֺƵȥץ̧ڿеС֣㿪

󲻽ʣСʱ̽Լǵг裬򲻸ԽˡС޶ָۣ֪ľ仰޳ܣ

ͦأĲ˵Լг£ʱ֪Ҫô˵ˡ
²ƤǺ˲١

л¿佱ҪгġЦŨģУǴĿǱŤ

ԣŤͷߡ
Ʈһ䣬ࡣ

ôˣûʡ
ûʲôЦҡҡͷµɫۿɼٶ滺࣬߰ɣһˣǺϷĿʼ





80.  080   

ҹ, 
ξܿɫƣ죬ѬŨҩζʱ, չŸ˵Ӱ˯, Ű, ɫ·Ҵҳ

ξٸڵյů, ξڻƻķϣɫؿյľٿȻľض, ̧۶ڵξܿΣζ
ξܿκֱֱ߽, , Ů, ɵþȾŮŸ

ξټҾ, ξͬܵξپһսɳϽ, ξټҾξܿôһŮ, ŮˣæҪ
ζ, ʲô˵ǡ

ξܿβ, үǰפʱ, ˸ˣһӣµҲ֪ġ
, ξָ̾飬Щ˽ξټҵȷ֪ҲͬŮ˷檣ԪŮӵλߣ檳Ⱥڹвοʼҡ

үΪģŮԥʵڽڣƬ̲ŵᵽլЩֶΣʱү棬ȥƫԺĸӡ
ξɫ࣬߬ŵľžһȥζ˵ʲô

ҩң׵˵ôһ䣬µҪ˼ã·߲Ѱ
Ůֽëʣӡ

ξŮ֣ٿȻɿҡͷͿͿǸӣҲǻãмԴȴ£
˻һ֪ͷξܿŵ˲̱ڵأץס°ڣŮ֪ˣŮ¼Ͷ·ŻҹظѰ󰢵ȾŮŸ

ξŮˣŭûڣһӿͷ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻʣֻһ֪
ǣѾһŲ֪

ںδ
ͬŮһظƫҺšξܿͿ޵ؿ״

ξٴʹȥξܿεȶ߳ˣ
ܿ죬⴫һĽŲξܿͻͻһ̸ξصڣź˵ζɣ֮ҧϱǣаξټΪţ£չŸ

ǣŮסξܿβᣬξͳݣſŵǸӰɵ⡭
ȥɣҹأǵð˵ĻξĿŮԺջݣ̴ǲãɫһ̴Ӱ

縡ɫ
һʱǰĹ

޴ƫԺӹ׵Ӳ˲ָϵѪһԵغԻû˵ɾʣµı㽻ˡ
غףǣү

Σ
үǻһ°ĵͼѰ˵طȥ¥ա

ȷ
״ȡһյֻʣ֮һСͼŹȥоɫǡǴնԺ

ЦһеСͼ˺˸顣
ӣѾӳնͼľ

ᣬһûԶ
˵ţ̧ԶƵԺȥ뿪ѵүҹδϢһ죬һˮһڷûء

ûжԣ뿪

үôżȥĶôȥҲס״յغʡ
غɨȥʵ˼˵ãΣ

˵ģүڵӣӶΡǸλг裬ǱҪеİɣָǼ棬Ϳ֬Ĩ۵ġ
غ䳰Ϳ֬ĨΣһʰˣ

һ·ȥ˷ܸ
ƫԺ˿ƼλгСǶܵϲڴΣ¶δͽ䣬˸

ʳ׼ŵѾߣº͵Ұɣ̵š
θߴüºͣѾСһ죬˾䣬š

漴ƿҵš

ľĹϣۣ˯ˡ
޶ʳǰͣƬ̣󽫳ʳźã齱߶ʣ˯ˣ

ڳȵĺżžĴ졣

޻̧֣ڿУֱȻţ
յҹ䣬ȻػС

ʱգæıδˡ
޺ֲʵУһʧȥҹ࣬ȥʱΨĿޡ

ǻþ  
ĵĶ˳žµ򢣬ɨѩ뿪½¶ǡ

ģ

޵ۡ
ͣס֡

ûпָµᷢĺǣŽٺϡ

ʱƽ˵г
£ˡ

ۣ˵ĿЦ⡣
ѣɫġ

ܿߣأôģ
ţЩɡ

ԶЩ
޹ԹŲ

Ьµأײ£½
īȥ̽˸磬ʹ˸ǲǵ˰ֿգŵĹ򣬱㿿˸

˭룬޻һ
ͣס˼ߵԣԸźôźͳȥ

ᡣ˳˵˾䣬ߵ࣬ʳĲƷóʱһ
˻ظʱѾ㣬ûڣֻԸŪͺá

ϡ࣬ˡ˳ţ̵İҨһ
ǻٸ̲ˡԼȤţϹЦ⡣

һԵؽסʣ˵ʲô

ϡ࣬ҽˣԺˣԽ̲ˣ
ãͬϡˡ

һ˲漴Ц˵ûʲô¿԰ɡ
䣬ǰȻһƬףӷǰ㵹ļơ

ڷ㶣ûеһʱ⵽Ĳʣɹ̵İʱѾˡ

ⴵҹ磬죬һʱĹ۾
ͷϻƷ᣷ӦƬ̣ʶϡ

ĹȥһԵһѷ굶ڲá
ˣŵ߹ȥ

޶ƬӳĵƬԼһĨЦͷۡ
һȻģʣ̫ӵ¿׼ˣ

ûͷȥ
һƬȺϣ޽¸ĵƬӲѵĴǻߡ

ۣһסڣ˼ĿǰĹ
ͱҶĮϵָȣ·˵ͬµĸˡ

⵽Լϲŵİɴֱʹ
ֱӰҵ˵

۵װѪ˿ЦЦ̫ӵǹİɣ˵ңͷȴ˹
ޱҭ޵ݣס

ɺɣԣ޶ʱɿʯͷһ

ĶȻ̫εúϸʱԷڸɾˡ  
ͷǹӱŤĸоʧ

̫ӵôҵģŮôЦЦ̲סе굶Ƚ뿪
ƽʲôմԲѵŸʵ˵Լг裬Ҳ˼гҪигӰɣ

ɫ̫ãȴЦֹţҶԴӿûȤԶԶűȸ껹󡣡

Сǡ
ʱιľګǸż

ŶˣŶī飬ȶֻƵ̫ҽ̫ãʹˣϿ˼Ѫīضˡ
Ѿ룬¼ֵģ֪ĸ׹Ⱦϵģڹǲȥ̫ҽûš

šһڿڵĺţ˵ʱ廰Щ⡣
УȫҹʱǵĶ̬ȡ

һֱϺ£˸һ棬ֳ̧һơ
˷м尾

ʱ𼱻ǵ˵ʲôһɫ
£ˣƫԺ̫ҽˣƫԺҲ۲ҲʼѪˡ

գкһըˣϵ͵ŵûƼ˵ĳ¼гŵʱˣ󣬼˸æͷ׷TW¹
ڲⲻߣطУ˰ᵽԺȾ֮˸ʹá֮⣬Ҫݽк߸

˵գȻͿĨʺ졣






81.  081   òأ

ֻôմЩʲô, ̧һѣ޵Ѫɫһ
󻰷һתԳµ⼸ոԺѾ߻ǷֿסŵԺ, һһ, ÿճͷſ, רר룬óݡ

, Ȳýˣţٽ˷һ, ҰҪ˵ĸǡ
£ŲѾ׼𣿡

вδ, һǾٽӴȥٰ°, պҵʳҲһ, ͵ſڱá

ǡ¼С´ĨδɵѪ, ᡣ
», ȥ̫ҽ

Ȳý̫ҽ, бĴΡ
·Ų, Ķаű, Ű, Լأūչ

õģչ, õ°ŵĲ¾ͺá齣Գµ

ԥƬ̣׳ǡ

ȳ뿪ƣĶŤͷޡ
Ҳ߰ɣεĶл㡣

лǰһͬúܽż˵滨㡣
ӦѾקС

ڷĺᣬɫŵŸŽ
ûоܾҲûнܣûʲô˵ΪԪðѾˣԼĳΣΪ

㵣ңޱܿ˼ֻһ䡣
൭һЦԸôҲԡ

סܲҡ౧һ
á˫ֱֱۣվ

˾һСƽЦŵǰ壬ûô
˵ţ˰벽ֻò̫Ըɿ

ҸҪͨ뺾ǣȥʱġ

ըһƬߣԭΪ
ЩʲôԷ˶촽˵˾䣬߰ɣء

ҲǡɫȻǱɫͨ뺣뿪

*

컹δڳ˯еնͼľ׷
йټͨ뺣ڲɳⲻ롣

ξټҵĵճξء
֪ǰξټҵϽǴżװҹ˳ǡ

˷ǵ£նͼľߵϢֶߣڼҩǰʱ˳ҩԹţϧ۵ơ

һ̲иѲߣһɢۼȺƷļ۸

磬һټĲҩӣŸ̽ɫƱ⣬ͻȻרҩҼѬҩ
۸ƽչЩڹټļ۸Χڡ

ҩ̵СµĲҩӵֱӱˣܶƹȺ˳ӣÿһм仹
Ϊҩģû˲ء

ĳͻȻնͼľһرķ羰ߡ

ע⵽ںڴƹǺεڲ࣬е̴ͣ
ǰƼһĻƲƲ죬ε߲ȫܼ׬ȥ

Ҳ޻˵ϾܼҵʵۺԸ߼ҩļҩֱ̣Ӱݣصҩ¢ϡ

߻رŸ߷գİߵ֮С
ˣҪĲҩҿɶ㵽ˣնͼľߣΪˣ˵Ӽľŵ¶Ⱦˣ

üͷһѹϢô֪ģ
İԾʴ˻ҲֱԵһƿʱϰ˵ġҪǾŵ¸Ⱦߵ鴫ˣϰĻôżҩأ

ϸ˶ԹӺӸɫĲӣˣҪĶҸˣ֮ҩһ඼١
룬ǵб£ɣҩֻ಻٣նͼľúüģ

ûᣬİɫ˵֫һ£ϽŲĿ⣬Ҵȥ

*

նͼľһ硣
ݺõĽüƸگղ˵Ŀɶʵ

²аֿ󣬴ʱĹȷѾϣǣа˸Ⱦ֮ǰ˳ڵµλ򡣡
ǴڹĻѾ֪ҵĴڡ

λ򣬻ԡ̣Χֵأû̫Ľк̣Ӧʲôˡ
һ棬ͲϺȻĻҲ׼լˡ


תתָϵİָ°ǲˣͺúöŹǣǲأصһʱҡ

ǣס
еĺֺɫ֭ǰֵȷǸŮɫ԰ףĬĬĻ档

گ˳󲻾ãƽ̺СѾߡ
ֱҹɫˣӿֵҲδ侻

ͬһʱ̣
磽æͬǲ֮£Ѿüûлظ

ʱˣīҲڣڶԺ˵ֻԺһȥ
֮£ΪŸİȫͬξܿ飬չ˺ӵǺͺӸƫԺС
߲ȥǱ㲻üŸ

ξܿһڴӣɢ˲ȥƫԺټլԺյģһƬš
ٿȻľſأҹĺ߽С
Ǽҹδξܿӭ˹ȥΪ⿪멣˳ⴹϵζ

үֵ𣿡
šξܿΪ紷С֣ܿΣ⼸෱æˡ

࣬Ϊүҡ

Ÿô
˵һжá

Ǿͺá
ξܿȥ׼ˮ

տзֵߵģ

ξܿһûС
üɫһѹ͵ؽеĲյˤ˳ȥŵξܿδ˸¡

һ˵ȷڶī飡
һͷԺУŵסȭͷĬƬ̣תʣôղߵǸˣ
ǰ岻ʣһӣϡ

岻ʣôܰ©ˣȾīô죿
ʱʱī黹ûȷߣˡξܿηûү⵽ͻȻڣеɶģɵЩ顣

û˵ʲôӣξܿζǣһ亹
ʱߵǸ޵Ѿ߱

üͷСүǲȥѰֺˡ
žһξܿеĲյҲˡ

һ³ˡ
ಡĵգŵµİΣǣÿһնͼľյġ

ʱСΧɢȥγֵ͢ıȽϼʱʩȡλټ߱죬ҩһֱӦϣûƲǰʱǳ
ô˵´ķٻÿջǻвʬ

Ļ̡̻
ڣĸʩһӴīѾߣһ϶ˡ

۵ͽ֪ҲСҶ֢أڻ۵ļҩ£֪ܿˡ

ùһε֪רŸ𲡻Ρ  
īЩתδȫΣգǸ̫ҽǰղڹˡ

ȿȡȿȡ
ܸдҵĿĳľҪƵĶһԵŮ˵ôȥĻûѾ˺һˡ

Ҳ֪˴ֲȥƲ
˵մȡص϶Ѫ

ǣǸ˵ġ
һˣֱŽȥˡ

ʱغŮ¸޺°ѣôôѪ촫򣬲촫̫ҽ

ջһţϽȥ̫ҽҲкŮͽֱӹ¿һš
һʱ䣬ܷ󳹵ס

԰ҹڣһһ̫ҽ뿪̾
ܷĿҲһ˱һ˸ߣԺ￪ʼ׼˰ײ

ĸܷŵĹˡ
ʱ

һɫգҡ
ԶԶģƼǸɫ㲣ѩС

һã涼ϵζ
ɵüӿ첽ңϢĲҩζԽԽŨüͷ

齱߶Щ߲Ѫ
һΣæ齱߶ǰĹżֲʵ

ָ̧˸Ƭ촽ջָڱϢš
ƺŵҩζѪȡ

⣬¡һκġӻȡһ֧ƿ漴Сҩ裬Ĵϡ
ڴѾõӸ߬ҩ裬һѳѩ׵

һɫ¶˳
һ

ڴʱͻȻۣڱĶкһ֮࣬Ǳһ
ٿȻһ

ֽЦ˵òأ





82.  082   

, 㡣дЦŸǰˡ
ƽûа־ɫذ, 

Զ㡣֮
磣, תЦ

㻹йڹ֪Ҹȥ֧ëʿɻã
ɻ, ʱ˵ĶǸī׼, ʶҾѡһ֧ƷʳڵСǿȾﷴպġ

磻δ䣬ٿ, ڴһ죬漴ʹʡ

ͬһ˽, , ŵ, ְץͬһˡ

, ֱӽ֢ķ䡣Ը
ûʲôӦһԵǾɫ, Ϊľϡ

߹Ȼֱʡִѳƿҩ, ţлͽҩ

ƵĿ, ֪Ҷġ
Цһ, Ťҩƿպá

ȻЩЦʣ˼أǵгô, Ҫ

һͷˮüͷؿԼá
޲̫ôʲôʱõг裿

ഹͷ, ˵ѻ  
ߣЦЦ⣬Ѿ˷²һ棬ҲðǶԹ˽ᡣ

Թ  
뵽ԭľж˵ǰۿӣδΣһʼΪУʱʣԻʺˮָرʱͨиξսʹȵŴգһ

ҺҲΪֹſƶĻ£һӰɱҡ
һֲİѵʱˣȴҲ䳰ⶼ˵ģôƭ㣬ģ㶼ˣĹ

۾㵱ڽɱʱİѾȫöڣϳ棬֪𣿾ĸԻʺ벻ȥɱ׹

˵ɱֻǵԪ£ս
ɼ֮ء

һԵĺõⷬѰͲסȭͷ
ˣԭɱҾõ㣡ı˵ܣɱ㣡

磼ʧأȭڵأۣקһٱᡣ

ϰ䣬ļѹ֡
ܿϼ˺졣

໹лҪ˵ֻó
ΪǱڵϣͷ鷢

һԵŮӣǰЩ̫ʵһǺȹѩ࣬һѩµࡣ

˻Դ˿Ѫˮ

ޣô֪Щ£
֪ķŵؿЩʣ㡢㵽ʲôˣ

˵׼ƣϾ۶޷ƵĶλģ

⵽ɫƮ֪ЧǳǳһЦ
˵ûǵȷƣѲͬ㽲ǻôˣǰģˡ

๴βһ˿аȡ  
ͻȻЩ̫ȷǰվŵĵ˭

ᣬֱ͸ĵף˵ģƭңΪģеҶ֪

ǵģͻȻ˫סԴ˷ƵĽкŤһԵĺ磣ʣܿܿģگȷϹǻŵģ

ʵһԵĺҲЩ£֪е˭ʵʵ˵û࣬ˡ
û裡һҡͷԣӡ

һԼѽĲԶһЩԵľá
ûһ棬˵ܰһ˵ˣֱˣ

ڳô
磵Ǿú£ǾԺ

ʱ˶һһ£İ룬¡
ɳڿ־֮Уĵĵػ׿ǸӰ
һ߷躰šࡱһر˳ȥ

ʱڰ
ߵԣҪսذ˹ŷڷ

һЦ˳ָ̧˸ķ䣬ԭСŵİǾͺãǾͺá
࿴ԼҸЦÿģƲƲ죬üʣ磬ЦʲôأҺ㷴ˣ

üºͣذպãȥһ˵ţûԼղŵӣ˵ģ˵ˣŶЩ󼹷
溦£ʡ

е㡣
ӻȡһСֻҩƿһݹȥ

ҩ֮ǰǳԹ𣿡
㲻Ǿźô½ҩҩīɼĶ

īɼǰ˵еǸ
ǣڵڵԼЩǹ⡣˵գһˮߵ¯ǰ㳹ˡ

ѹ֡뵽˵Ǹӣæøҩ¡
ղŽг裬ôһ£

ɴ޹ؿţн𣬶ǲжˣ
磱ôһʣҲͻȻʼԼ

ˣҾ˵ôǹг裿Ϲˡ
ۣȷԼûϹ

Ȼ˳ס磬ûоûиԼ֣ҲûЩ

磲ΪȻһһǰ̫ӣʲôȥ׼֣ҽԪǵ죬޿ˡ

գұѺȥ̲ϸѶһ£а˵ж֮£ÿһҶҪúø㡣
ãһɶ簲š

ôһ£
磺棬õʧ䣬˸ͨˣôǣǰλ̫ӡ

˵ˣʲôԹԹĶȥˣҪĻҲֲҡ

ûͨ͸뵽ԼҺլ£̾˿
ڵī𣿡

šĬĬʣīξܿģ֪˰ɡ
԰ҩ˵ǷʱͶˡ

ξټҵˡ  
Ǹʵ˼

Ϳװ״ͿҲֲµΪΡ
ξټξܿκ󣬵ڶձ㱱ϵ£˵ˡ

֮£˵һӵǵӣҲ㲻ʲôˡ

磻Ƭ̵ī֮¶㸮λȶˡڣѾ֪նͼľ飬ȫǽϣһǼˡھ˱ŸҲ첻

СɩɩŶ磬֪īûµġ
Ժ»Ҫ÷ģǡҡҡͷ̾

ֹʳ˿ڣΪ֪ģŷСɩɩߵ𣿡

ȫǡ磴ͷûξܿεļҲûƶʣûĴĳᱻЩ˵ֶθ㣬绹ɣ֪ôϲȴңҲû

Ϊ֮˵Ŀɱ̧֮ۿЦŮӣЩǲǾҶ˵ЩܿЦ

ι˵Ŀ֮һ£㶮Ҳ͹ˣʱҲʧΪһֳȫ
磿۵׻һ˿ˣһСõ֣ģѽŶͣôӶЩ۵ͷ¿ʼֺγǷŹԼ

һⶺȰƾԲ
ޣԾʧԣ˾úһȷͷݲȥ

ʱڷܸ⣬뵽һУĬĬڰеַͷҲص߽ڰ֮С

ͬһʱ̣Ŀⷿű򿪡
صӱ߽񣬡ɷˡ

ι̵Цŵ֣ɷڴˣػҲڰɡ

ӱûӺɰȡһЩӣݸλأλɷи㣿

ЩΪѣɷ˲ˣ˲뿪ӣվǡ
ҲãһƬ⣬ŰɡӱӲǰ˹ȥ

ߵͷӱӻȡӣϸϵϡ

ѲãӦʲôʱŭ⡭īɼ
Һң

ӱǳǳһЦչȥСҲ֮֮ģһÿ㣬ġ

λԻףֻ˸ӱûġ

һ磬δȺѺּѾͽ빫˵ǵ̫ʣǲԿѺ
֪Ϣֱҹûȥ󣬰òա

֮⣬ŵȬ֮һҹ֮䴫ձаԷſͶ
ʱ˸ƣ˻ؼұƽ˳㻹ַ˲ҩĳȥ

ܷڣů롣
ױ̨ǰ࣬Ŵ̿ƣ鲻  

㲻յɳ¼ź򴩴һȥ̽¸ĸ˳԰ѴѵβҩĺϢȥ

ʱһĲ𼱻һ·  
⣬£ˣտѺˣɷҲȾߡ

һеĴžડһڵϡ  
Ȼ֪־ܡ

ˡ
û뵽쵰Լ֣

ɫҰףȻԸ㣬Ѹ





83.  083   

쾰ʮ, ³ʮ
ů߼ҡ

ȬϢլ֮С
ߺ˵׺ֱæ˸, ·ջظĸߴ

żæŵ, СҪȥĶߴŽշʮ, ߵǰ赱ֵ˾䡣


ߺҴҶ, ߼ⱲǳȵģߴδܵûЦСܶԾŵ¿һƬ, ֲøǰս𣬲Ȼȥ, ȫҶøꡣ

һԵ̴ӻأСϢõЩ, չȷǽ, Щʱ, ַˣǲȾ
ߴ, Ըȥ, ײܡ

ߺҴææһѲƷϵȴ֪ٴη, ƷǸڲ򲻿롣
ûð취ǲ̴ȥС֮, Źĸǽ˰Ρ

ү, Ҫ.ǽɣ컯յģ˿ɡ
ߺ鵭Ƴһۣ㲻˵û֪ǻ, ˡ

̴ӿҪ.ǽæסͷ˻ûȥﲻ֪ʱһˡ
ߺ.ǽͷ¶ȻǷţܿ⵽˵Ĵڡ

˭ͫһ𣬡㣿
ⲻǻߴôŻɣ۵׵ļкڡ

ôڽԪ
ΪףȻҪҡ̧ǽ档

ף
ߺ÷Ӳ̰ͼɫḡŮӡ

üͷſڴƻƣ㼴㰮Ľŵ£Ҳú޳ȥڮ

㲻˵Ȼû֪޲ѿˮһԾ˳ǽ˽ȥ

޶ֿƵģߺЩ¡
ʱԺڴһܵĽŲ

ǡѲˣ춯
˽.ǽʧһʱյ̫ӣһ

޿㣬󷽹ȥ˵ԺҪ.ǽô
°մԵĻҳüСҲǸշ.ǽ

˸λߣԴϣ׳ǣŤȥ죬ȥʲô
ߺ⵽ĸ˸ˣҲգֻȥ

̤ܸʱԺڰٻðѿǰǵûڻƮѩʱӦǾ䡪俴÷ѩͥתࡣ
Щ磬޼ʯ·ϣ֨֨졣

ʱµţſڣˣʱ¶ǡ

⵽۾ͮͮģǸտ޹иʣˣ
򷽲ƹˣû˵ʲôֻ˸˷ӣ½ţǲźڸźŵȾȬѾߣ˵ûϵġ

ţ֪ˡôҸͽȥ˵޽ŮеʳУ߽ȥ¡
ܽȥ˵ȥȾġ

£Ҳùˡδ䣬Ѵǵ˽ȥ

ƿҵţһŨҩƮϢ̧ۼǣǰϸίʵ
ͣԭأûǰ

һ˲䣬ϣ˿̵һͬҹһǻþ
˼˽ȥ

źѾƽղڷܸź򣬼ͻȻָʶУһҩӿۼֿǰ˹

ûҩôˡ˵ţǵгС壬ι·ҩɡ
һС塱ʱ֪Է˭ŵĳ½㶼˷Žˣ׼ݡ

ûڵźСģҩ֭ˣ֪Ҫôء
ʱߵԱߣȻȻذ̽

Ӻ̣ǿδȼ̼飬ϸܵĺϿȳѪһ˿

޸ͷϣ̵ˡ
նˣ

Ѿһҹˣã»ѣ񳿾Ͷ϶˯ţŻ˵˻

´ҹڶйʲô֢״
룬𣺡Ѫȣ˵߶ǰ没˯ģźҩͱš

ô˵ˣüԾʱ൱أ֪ˣȥҩȺãһˡ
˶٣˾䣬˵Сġ

಻֪˯˶ãģε£ȴץס塣
ȻǻһҪԵĳ嶯Ƶ֧ӣൽһͿȡ

ȵ˶ɢ˼ܣεĲԱ֮ǰԺǴˣȾߵĵڶգͳֿѪ֢״
춼Ѫĭӣܵüͷ

ʱ˷סͷӡ
ԣķθ˻Ƶյۣ˵˾䡰ˮܿ죬СĲˮ

Щ𼱡
Ϥɤһ۾

յ˳Ŵ䣬ɫյýӲӵġ


ޡ

ȷػһ
ڲʱǴҪˡ

һʱΪԼΡ
ٿȻ˾ôԤ׵ᡣ

Դʶ̧Ϊᡣ
Щ޴룬Ƶʣôˣ

û˵ֻС߬סףΪƵֱ
ƴˣǡޡ˰ΣŰ˵ڡ

ʵԼ֪Ϊʲôȥץȥ͡
Ϊ֪ڵԼѾҪǸֻϪ䣬İޡ

ҲѾ˼
Ҳֳȫ

Ȼġ
ˡ

˵ģ̹ס
ƭ

£ܿ죬ξʵգգۣô
˸ʸͨĵô

Ȼ뵽ʲôһץסˣڡȿȡ
סͣ°Ѳ

ҲΪŻģóҩˣȱ˵ɷ˵İ§Ѱ֡
ĸ첲㲻ҪˣȾߡ϶ģϸָ³ô֡

֪ҾչģǰзЩҩµġ
ⲡȿȡĶǷҩûµģ

˵˼仰ģһûС

εĻ˺һŴŴ˵ŻûȾ㣬߰ɡ
޲û˵Ļᣬͷ˹ȥ

֪ǳ֮ΣҲ֪һǺᱻߡ
ҲΨһĻᡣ

ĺ󾱡
ʱЩԳֵĵʹ

ﵽĿģɿ⻹ĨȾѪ
һЦ䴹ķ˿һ£ڶ

ڸߣҲбҴȾߵĿˡ
ᣬٵ

˫ԲϹһĨղ˵糺죬һһٵˡ

ţЦ˵˵ˣúϢõģȰҩˣҸ
ҩ룬һڣȷ̺󣬲һι

޶ˣֻνܣ˳ӵĺҩ֪Ķ˪÷Ӹ͵ߣŰɣﶼҩζ

÷ӸɣһᣬҲûޣֻſԹԵĺС

ʱıһҩңšǻ۸ҵģȴš
áϽ廻ҩҡ

ʱ󣬴˯ȥ̫ãһʱ䣬û
׼ˣغϵĻۡ

۱ס޵ʮֶݣĶֲ
ĵһ߹ȥʣغôˣΪΣ

غѹüͷ𣺡ӣ򷽲дδ±ˡ
½ȾѪ

غͣһȾߡ֪Ѿھˡ
£ʹ飬ӱ⣬Ա֮֮ȥ˭֪ȾߵѣźȾ˲š

µĺͦùô͵ߣһգޱزˡ

ز۵׶ʱðŭ𣬽ӹη֣ܣұá





84.  084   ⶬ䣬Ҳġ

ƫԺһ, ԶԶţһ΢⡣
ԺڻϣǵżЩ, ߴ

ǽԪ

ɫ, ûѵµֵص¡
ŵ, ܻܲҹǸ⡣

ǲΪ˭ֻǰ, һֱȴλִ͵Ĺ֡
ͬһʱ̣ڡ

ѪˮģĽʵʵ, ͷд͸ĿӻͻͻðѪ
֪һϸ߷ϡ

Ǻˮ, ҲīɼĶЧ, ûǰʹ, ֻż봩Ƥüͷ
ǰ, ùߵҩ裬ʶ߲û֢״ǰء

ǻ۵ͽܣò̫ĽԪ˾䡣

֪û, ʦ֪ʵ, Ҳ۱¡
ʦɥ֮ʹ, һλ˵ҽôᱻȥɱˡ

˫ȾѪ, Υҽ֮, ֪ƴΨһԭ
ʱ˿ڴ׵֪˼ҩ, ʱһסӡ

ʧѪɫ԰׶۾˶һô
֪ɫĿЦЦûи𰸣ֻ͵طŤȥ

һţ۴ͷһλݿƣ󻹸һں棬ҩҡ
֪˰֣˾䣬ʦ

޶֪ûӡȴҲº͵ִˡ

۾̫ãһؿǣʱ˼˼Բԣ
϶ʱ¶˷뻶ϲ

һֱڵޡ

֪üͷӹʦΣλ˼ۻС
޴ߵ齱ߣӸµɨ



һֱôӶʱˮ󣬱㣬ٲı֡
˿̷ŵգڴʳīɼЧǻɢģɣǿžϸ

꾩˽լ֪¶ƺ󣬶˵һμ档
˼þò˰ɡһЦ

૵ˣŽ˿ߵĽ»ɱոʢ

뵽ҹΪľ֣üɫһѹʱ
ˣɥǬԪʮԪ³壬λڻԹУ𣿡

ڵը죬һͻȻѹƵģɴۡ

ԣšɫͫƮֳɣּᶨ˵ǰ⣬ϴʱǼģġ

˶٣ڻ˼ץסһţͰһģһǰ⣬ôĴԪϧŴգ
˼̫˽ˣǸˣһİһ

ؿЦƽͣҺͺ䱾лԼһУǷġ࣬ᵽ

ü䣿
Ҳ䣬ҲãҲգûϵ

ɨվغ㣬˸Цݣô񲡳ҲҪô

Ȼ㲻Ұߴ  
һˣ㰵ȥݵĲһӣ

ĵһ
ش𣬰˶ӡ

뵽ֹԽԪ֣ߴȾĿ죬ɢԽԪֻش
ʱҫһл롣

ʵ޲δ뵽Уవв޾ݺҲͺԵˡ
⣬ֻ²Ʋߣ˳޾շҰġ

ĵҲ˺˸飬ĵЩĻ䡣
ڣѾһС

ĵˣҲˡ

˿̺ȿҪڴŴĿѵضޣĵؼЦ˻ʵѲɰܻ𣿵ͷһǸ¼ҹˡ

仰޵ȷйԣΪǾ¼ҹˡ
޲ġ

֮·飬µֻлں˼

ĬȻʱľ֨ѽһˡ

ģһɤżԣ˲˵עȥˡ
౻Ů߱ߵһһ𣬶ֻĹ¼ҹˡ

ĳֶ̫⣬뿪ܸʱӹ̣˯ûڵأȴ⣬˵ⱲӶ벻Ļ

վ±ϣãһҪԾʱиק䡣
䲻ܰ״ıԵȴҲȼϣ

һ޿ʼɣһǲǶǻþ
Թҩġ

ùҩЧ˿ˬ٣ôߵǰĿͣЩЦЩۡ
˳˵סܸޣ֮Żˡ

Щ̫ԣó´º󣬾һ·ƫԺ
ʱҲѻع񣬿ɫ֪ŵǾ䲻ǰϷ

ɱġ
ֹᡣ

ԣ˿̰ģ֤ͬһ𣬶Ĵжô
޴ŮвסὫ§С

ûзǾƿС

һ˸æͷ
ֻĿתĶŶˣ˫ֲ֪ơ

žžһһԵغüֳס߬ðɵ

⣿˫Բŵָ̧֣Ĺ˵ǶܿԲԣǰ⣬ǰ⣡

Ǳûɨһۣ˻һ֪Իʺɡ

һû뵽ͻȻᵽԻʺ
֪Ķ

Ķ
ͻ³һֱ̧Ȼ˸۳ľ룬ôĹӣǾԶ֮

˵ⲻܣ㲻ǰ⣬ⲻƭҵģǹһ˲ȼŭ𣬷ƵǿӣҪ齡
ٿȻ첲һϣͷ۴̴Ŀ˲ѪſǳŴѪݺᡣ

ǵģƭˡĸǰôô̡
ٿȻ˸ߴˣʧʹ

к޲ƽôԻʺ֪ף˿ԹͬԻʺ̫ҽĲҩ˻ѪĵƤ࣬ͨҩߣѹͲ
֪ƤиʳõƤ̥ȣʳãţ

һԵǴδЩĸ׵ʱǺۡ
ӻתţ֪ԭľһһʮ˵˳

ʵ󲻾ãʵ۾ͷ˵Ƥ֮£ܴ¶̫ҽ㻹ûʱʮĸƻѿʼˡ
ס䣬ҡͷ˰⣬ⲻġ㣡֪ˣˡ

˿ֻһµˣںڰµľ£ûţҪ
Щܣѹһݡ

ˡҲŶ䣬һҡţȫȻǷӵģ
޸оˣ΢΢ͷ˵Ĵڶ㸸˵Ǵ̹ǵĺޡ


ٿȻһƬѪǰ֮£ѪģŻѪ

˵ޣ˿һӵˣҴ󴭿Ȳ۷Ǽ٣ƾƽսľŵ£ܿտڽ˵ı£㹻ǾȺŷˡ

ȿȡ˵̫໰ɤ޴ӰóˬĺǣС
˵ˣҪ̵߬С֣䱦Ħ

˼Щˣƣ̧ۿʣҪô
ָ̧֪ͷҪ˼֪Ҫ׽һģҪʣ

ţŮ˾࣬ĳĸ˵ʮĻˡ
ⶼǼٵġ

ҪҪȥʸ
Ҫĸ

ͬƬ̣΢΢ף̧̧ǣǿ϶롣
غ㡣

ڡ
һִΪҩ԰͵Ʋ¥ɣĲùܣֻغܣ߶ǡ

¥ǸʲôطڳĶס
ǰʱߵӣһѳǡ

˼
ǿ־壬ţҺôͬĸֵܣ㲻ң㲻ܣҿã밴ոָʾƽ

ͬĸֵܣ޵һۣǰ仰Ҳϧͬˡ

ļͷʣ࣬㲻ģˣȥ

˵ţ޵˵潫ᱧ

ࡰһϽֻҲûܾ
ΪˣҪվס

ࣿǶԶ޲֮ϵС֡
ǰ𣿡

ǰ𣿡ģһţɬơ
УǶԶӰ߳

ǰ

ղšǲΣ
ץסԼͷƴֻʹˣŲǼٵġ

һԵĻ۴ӻȡ֧ҩƿ
֧ǴѰҽЧҩ֧ʦīɼ

ʦҡ֪ס
Ϊѣ֪Ϊ˲Ϊʦ˲ȡҽīɼҲֻº󣬽Сعӱǡ

ĩˣ֪Ӧ£Ťȥ졣
ƿ֪߬ҩһҡͷһ㡣

غһ£ǰ˿סӲҩ˽ȥ
ʱīɼȻЧ



һĬĬᡣ
ҰӵķԸˣڰ

гŵһɲ
пȻ

˶Σ˳ųŷţ˿ҹһ΢紵˽дŴҹů
Ĭš

ⶬٺ䣬Ҳġ
һжġ






85.  085   

ѹŲ̫ƽĹ·, 졣
⼲󣬸ϳСƼܻߣڴĩ¥һ, ѻͬ, Ѱ

طҲ̫ˡС˵, ɵ§һ·Ĺ
˵¥򣬻, صشӱа

ǿɲǰûˣƼǱߺɽͷû, ˵֮ǰ¥ĶֱӶǷˡ
˵ţغкһ, ָָͷĺɽȥǡ

ͷƤһ, Ϳȼ, š
ʱ, һ˵ʣǵõܻȥɣ

ǣҲ, ǰ쿪ʼԲȥ, ִŲ, Ҳ⼸¡
óձ֮һ, ǰ, شˣҲһɣһǵطƶǳζ, ʲôԲµġ

ء
䣬ﴫһصĿԣغԸϵ

ϵɽĺɫɫϦշָɫʰ쵵ļ顣
ѻȺͷɣͣһķ⡣

⴦ǷٻסģǽǺĻңԶԶŸײƵġ
ˮˮܲܺȾͲ֪ˡ

ۻţȴ˨סˣѹ򲻿
ȿȣ򿪡ɡƵ

ôУôȥأ쿪ţСûţ۵۵صڻɽ¡
غ״ȡһѽ˨

ľ迪Żһסӣؽ
غü棬ŵһ̲ۻ֮Сɫ԰ף̬ǸߵȻģϸȥѰ˿

һδѿ̲סʱһͷײ
һ·ڱιʳīɼѹһûС

ΨһģסԼϡ

شˣ⡭ɲ˰
ƥѡһƥãȥʱ·Ĵҡ

غͳӶȥ
أԥ˻Ǹøɵģһȥ٣Ҫûã֪ܲܽ

ҼձǣЩˮͳʳ£߰ɡ
̧̧Ƥغ㣬һʹġھߡ

غ㲻ԣֻ˹ȥܲȻģֻشˣ⴦ҹ䳣Ұǣǵ˻𡭡
󣬶ǣһ̵ˡ


ɶǣۻಢڡ

غţôվ岽ĵطŲ

ĺɫŨûһƹ⡣
ɽĿ

˿ÿһǼΪѣβƵĺ졣
ĨӰ϶ʤǺôһʣ㡭ҡҰʣЩĶ㡣

Ҫôǿǡˣһӻġ
ã߳ʵķû˱ġ

غʶϽѰЩȡůܱܿȺ
ߵǰúôţȥѰЩ𡣡

ȵȡѵĴʤµǱʡȫͨƱնͼľƾڶġݾ£˼ĵǻ񡣡  
غһֻм£û

غغţǶ˸ʯͷȷµ״̬Ʋ󣬲뿪

ܿ죬ֻܰʵķ
һûȹˮнɥʧ̧첲մۻ˰Ρ
ͷ

ٿȻһС  
ʱͳĺڶϡ

һЦǡ
צŷ촦

ԽԽĺڶߡ
֪Ķһӣ͵һߡ

һ׳צӴŷ̽˽
Ź۾ᣬô

ٿȻǰػص԰
Ǹʾк㿴㣡

Щɣҿ
Ժȫĸץͷ˵Ļ

޾ǸС֣ҵᶼû֣Σ
ɸҡܺá

ûͬˡ
˼ΨһһѧĻס

ǳĿŸ磬ûɽһڹ͵͵Ŀرߵк

һۺĹ
˼Ͳˡ

ðһֻС֡
ƴš

߹ȥ޴Ŀһڿڵˮ¡
ܾܵҡ

Сȳ

غʱ롣
һƤ˺ѵ£ƺ΢ĺţҡ

һ˹ȥ

*

쾰ʮ´ðг͢һϵдʩⳡ߻Ǵȫ֮һ˵
ڼֹֽŰᦡ

ڶĩǼһֱûعŵҩӵͼһҩ裬ùЧѣ֢߲ձȬ֢߰£Ҳµ·

³ůڣ.ɫ԰
ഩƳɫĳȹƫԺȥŸʳУЦĸں档

󲡳Ҳ֪ȾȾˣ໹ȥڼĸס
ʷμж꣬һղһգ౾úȥƲ⵵º˶һСƬУ߲׹ȥóȻ

֪֪壬ǰջ̫ͬҽļλչ˸̫ҽڹĹ󣬿˸á
չڻرЧѡ

ŶΪлл۵ġ
ԺڣӤһ޵

־ͷһ¶ɫı޵Ӥ֪롣  
ǳü߹ȥС˵Ұɡ

޵ĶӤĿԼ̣ʱ˵ģѹûע⵽ˡ
ֱӣſ

סһ˲½ӹӣıź
ղ޴ǰĹȥɫ·ͷսġ

űӤҵҲƽ

½౧ź˼±㲻֣޳ʣô˻庢ӣ
ʮպһ£֣ĬĬ֮ͣǰѧġ

Ǹϣ
šӦµһ˲£̧Էƺ̫ĵӡ

յķӦͣߵĻ˻ȥ
಻֪޴˿ȫһ⡣

ΪʲôҪѧ庢ӣ

ƽ糣Ǿκˡ
Ϊ˵Ҫӣ͵͵ȥ̣αӵİɡ

ͷȻЩɬܿߣ˵˾䣬£һ£ˡ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôѾûֲˡ

£ûо÷С¡̫Ծ³ɵʡ
ڹͬƺޣҲΪݵһڡ

ô  
Сֱ½Щ̫Ȼͷ˵ں󣬱ʶֲ̫ȻֻŰˡ

ղŵûôޣ뵽ķӦȷֲ̫һɵЩġ

ǿӣȥƫԺ㲡ĻڵأҪлۺҩţԼܻϡ
ʱѾˡ

ûֻƬʧ
˵ʲôϾѾûйϵˣԼȥ롣

˽㷴Ӧ൹ʼǲʲô鷳
鷳л黹顣

ߣȥɽʲôءɫ߽С

*

ߺݷã໻ѣԼڵľ¥
СǲӲߺ鿴ģЩĵʡ

ûʲô糯ɫΣ
ͦõģҲˣλ򣬹Ȼҽ

ǾͺãߴôпңҫƵʹŲղŵҲЭְ֮ôЦţΪ˱衣
æģһȤ¡ߺЦЦͼղʱҫ󽫾ɻǵã

ǵã˦һ·ֱҪܡ־һ£൱Ȼǵˡ
ԣҲˡ

Ŵηұ߾ô˼ʹĪ鷳ģ
ǵǣ˵ġ

˭
ǸξپߺЦЦ͵ǰʱգҫƳҽԪѣ侮ʯξٽǴôξٽˡ

ð֮ǡ
СŲǣڳѾѴԲȥˡ

೤Ǳá
ȤȤȶ˾ƣ˵³ǳսξپϱҪһλξپһսǲ֪ҹϯֳôһЦίʵҫ˵

ߺԹԵ˵š˼֪ƮĶȥͣʣôˣ
ξپ˼ţ仰ɾͲЦôˡ

ǰʱҫƷҽԪͬı
ǰϴβͬ˵

Ǵأʮա
ࡣߺ鿴⻰⽲ԽԽᣬˣЦЦ

ʱ͵Ҵҵ˦¾䣬ߴˣղ̸ܶˣȻظ






86.  086   ࣬֡

ĩ, ݴּ俪ʼ˳Ľҹ綼ůġ
֪ӦţһСլ֮С

סլûʲôĺۼ, Ӧ
šӦЩĵͷ

˵ͬҫƽսʱ, ξٴ󽫾Ҳȥ, ֪ɣ
Ӧסʲô֪ˡ

ȥԴѹĸ, š

ӦķӦӿ϶ԼĲ²⣬ԶһĨ΢Ĺ, Щɡ
Ժиֳ۽˵Ļ

ʵˡ
˻˵Щ, κõġ

ոŵ˵Щ, ĳȰ֮⡣
ʥͻȻ, ԪĿǰȶ, Ҳ̻꾩ˡ

һ, ʣʲôʱߣ
ձ, ˴Ӧͷôʲô֪

ڸԽԽˡ
ӦǽԺ, ģû, ſѰ׹Ӱ

ҹ, Ϊ⣬ǸոմӾ¥ʱǡɼλߴ˽ȥġ
˯ˣʱ仹, Щĵʡ

䣬ﴫһϸĻݣַ̧ţһơ
ڵһǡ

ƽĵ̺£˽ȥ׵ȥҡ
ǡֹص˵ͷЩɣŵҹ˵ķ䣬Ǵȥ

ಽ֪룬ߵڣȼʱзЩʪ󣬰Ĺϡ
ƿҵţյģߵļŤĵżӾƿ

ҹ˳ŴһڵľŨ
ǿյģ¹£ԼԼ崲ͷŵǸʲô

ܿƵĿǰ˼µ˫Ь
ָɨЩŤƣ˫Ьʱĵ˳һ˫ε֣ļͷصѹȣֱ㶵ȥЬӳ

Ȼھͷķ䴫һȣЬӣ˹ȥһţǰԶĵŸˡȥ̨Ų˹ſڵ
бľԣͷϥǣƺ糺Ⱦ͸Ķ䣬ס⻹ǵһμȳ˳ƿָŵһСʱͫһ漴޵ãȻ

ô
ͣ˰Σ̨ŵһԣ߹ȥŻϸ

ٿȻԷԤҪʲôƵģһֻȰѻ߬׻С
£˳ƣȥ

ȻϪΪһʱ׼Ļ
ҡѾ˻еӵһͼ

ǰǻǷ⡣
ŻԵΪεķëߣǵģ滹һСƬѾֵѪ

ҧŴ⣬ϸܵʹӺﷺỽޡ

ûʲôӦֽһ

ųһ޽ë˲̧ͷࡣ

˫ɫȾ˾ã;⣬Ƭ̣ͻȻ̧һЦʮ⣬еĻ˳°ȥססͷǳ
࡭ˡ̵ܵͣ䣬þáûεˡ

յͻļΣٹ龩
ԪͬҫͣֵѾѾûκµˡ

صζſԶˡ

ЩˣȥŪЩˮȡ

Ҳͻ᲻ˡظţ§ôɿ
ɬȻڱǻͷĨĨ۾ʱ޵ָ˶Щί˼˵࣬Ҹ첲ۡ

ͻȻ뵽ճ˵Ƿͷ§Լֱɫģʱס
ˣ

šбӣͷļͷһ˿ԲĿǻ˵ĵжɱĸ

㡭˵һֱ˵ȥ˻ȥ
šסָ֣˽ȥĦţս֮󣬽Ԫʮǡ

ΪʲôľһЩ̫ӣιʹܽԪЩ
ΪʲôظţĬãС˵ڹúܺãʲôȱҲ֪ôȥֲ㡭ģǾûзա

̧ͷһ£ЩЦ˵ҵķأҪô죿
ѡ¶ƣٻͷһйδ㽾ʧˡصԪֻԼʱ䡢ʶκ˿Ūż

ûҪصޡ

һߣһ磬Ҿͻ뿪Ԫ̧ͷ۵ʪĿ࣬Ϊ˵Ҳˣ࣬ܺõġ
࿴˺üΣ˵ڣߺҲͦõģѾǲ˲ס

ٿȻۿˮͬʱһˮȥԼҪϢˣۣ޵ĸ첲ƿȥЩˮȡ
಻ٿȥˮѲ˼ȦҲֻˮƿţһСӭ洵ܴˡ

ڲԶ׿һ˳˹ȥʣ£
ЩѾˮˡ

ǵľӨɤӸ£ǡ

õ⼸󣬰ѽŪʪʱϿ
߹ȥҪΪȴͻȻ߬סӡЩ޴Ŀ˵ôˣҲãܲܲޣҲﶼǿŵӡ

˵ţͷ˿ƬȵĴǵ۽ǵᡣ
ǵúܿƣϢɿӹëлл㣬Լɡ

û˵ʲôԹԵİ֮£ɫͮͮģӹѾҩ󣬲֪Ķҩȥ
Եʲô

ߵġ˼άԱ仺Ƭ̲˵Ҫܸܲһ˯
ߣҵ˯ߡȥϣʱŷ˼ȦһԣûѶ󾢣͸˱ӣ˫ЬҪһʱһסߣû˯š

ÿ§˫Ь˯ֵһɲ䣬ѾЬЬȻûЬ˯δ̫֡
޲ΪȻƵģСЬӵıأ뵽ʲô۵һί˵֮ǰиңұŪˡ

˵ôӻͳ˿ҵݸǵʱڷܸﱻһֻ
ǣ޿ҵһ˲䣬ǱȼƵģǹЦĺܿģӹϸϸĦҲЦˣȴءϴۿй䡣

˫۵Ьӷŵһԣ˵ŲŲ
ɻĿľګˣവƣѵЬӣȥ

оڶԼڰ֮£ʲô顣
û˵ʲôۣҪԺ˯ʱСʣҰҸ㣬ܲ˯

ƵޣòһͿ
๾ţŰɡִС̧ݸǣסźԳ˼Ϣۡ

ʱŵڵĵƻˣЩżҪȥ
׼״һ§סͷ̷֣ŵô꣬ôô̰壬ҹʲô˼㶼

ʲô˼
㣬㻹ǹģ̫ӵǾŵµг裬ôΪΣ

ס뵽ŵλСҲһˣɵǲǸȥʲô
ףԣڵ˼·ŶˣϲչˣˮŶйһˣǻҸطЪİɣû׼һ죬͸ŵȥסˡ

ҹTWʱˣԵˡ
˰۾ʣҪˮ

һˡ޵ĻԵ˷ܡ
˯ɣˡ

Цһ£Ķ˵࣬֡
ѡ

Ѿ³ˡ




87.  087   

ʱ, ɫ磬΢͸ճӰ
Ȼɴ˫ۣʼҹĵǲΡ

ִ̧Էߣ, ź

ⲻΡ

޵ܿƵĿ, ŮƺҲչŪ, ˸, ſۡ
磬̫ӵ¡

࣬㣿
㻹˭ЦЦ, û𱸵˼ֻǵ仰

㡭Ϊʲô
˵㲡, 㡣, ұϵ, һϵĸ첲¶˳

𣿡ʡ
ˡûгɵ§, һ˲ֻһĿ

ʧˡ
ȻΡ

ıۡ
ʱ, ΧһƬڰ

Ѿϰʵõ, ʶκĿڻ⧲ʹ

˰, Ŵϻ
뵽ҹǸ̫ʵҲ, ûоܾ, һֱչ˯

ֻˡ
ܹǺõģеζ˳, Ǽ

ЦƽͷͼԼ»صǸУȻûвͷϷŵֻСҡ

ҹҹص󣬼ҹδߣĸ밲ղźֽ͵ġ
ĸŮһһûһġ

£Ҫίĸףףû˵
ڲأûĸײ쳣

ʱȡһ֧˿Ļݸһ۱㿴ֻϸǳԻõĹ֮֡
ϸϸţЦʣŶϲ

ĸŮͷϲġ
߼ģ˵ֻӵҲЩͷĸ߼Ҽسʱ͸Τϣ벻תתֻصǻʼҡ

Щ⣬ʼңӡ
ΤսΪճߺȢ㣬ϵƤ֣ĵ˳Ҳ㸸䣬֪÷߼ͬҲϼף֪֪ףͬ㸸ʲδؾġ

Բȫˡ
ºߺ޹أٿȻ뵽ҹûͷûβᵽߺʱǾ仰

ߺҲͦõģѾǲ˲ס
ϸܵʹͷ

պôľƣΪ֪£
ǵãҹ˵꾩Ĵһ㷢

ܼޣ͵ߺܺãֻС壬ˣĸһؾŻ¡
תһ룬ĸֱһڻؾδ̫˵ദôãһ˼ûУҲġ

û֮ͬЩ£ߺܻܿߵһ
ĸȥ˵

뵽һˡ
񣬡ĸףȥؾ̫ʡ

û뵽ؾô죬ûĻת߼࣬ѧͱ㶼֪ģͼղһͬҲżм棬ĸΪе˼ġ
ഹףκ˼˹

Ŷ˭ҹӣΪ⣬ʱգⷢô¡ûȥʹ¡
Ҫøĸʧˡ˵ţʵԼҲ֪·ܲȥ

Ŷϻۣ۹ȻǼõģĸͬ㸸ǿ뷨ʧ߼ҵȢȷ취ؾˡ
룬ôͻؾ߼ɨأسģǾŶߺ˽˵»ֱ˶Էģȷʡ

뵽һǺʣӽɡ  
á

ӣסˣĸ󣬶е¡
תߣϽס̧ۼŮӳŴղŮʱģǰԼҪԶʱӡ

һ꣬ŮһˣҲŸˡ
ϴȺһЦ˵ˣЩܡ

ţȹӣ˳ȥ

뿪ãڹˡ  
ǴоŶȥ󣬲üͷ

һͷķԸȥͷ
뵽ղ֮ˣֹ¼е˵Ҫ죡ҵ飬óӱ޼١

ϵͷټĴϹĺ󣬲ɵ˿
Ĺ˿ȥͷһȦ⵽һϤӰ

ľϲ˹ȥ
ûֱ߽Ŀɿڴ˵ڡ

½ˣòɨһȦԲ׵Ӱ
½ĶǰֱסԼȣʹʶǰʵڵġ

㣡
ʧڱܻʱĳǵã棬һȥˣЩѱ

ͷҲûֻ̫ͣʣ˼ںδ
½΢΢һ㶣ﻹкܶ໰ʣƳԷļУ𣺡Ӧǽݱȥˡ

ЦЦԭǶڹеģ𼱻ǵܳ
ͷԱӣһԣ½ȥСƬ̣ҪգһȺԪٽӶ

ԶԶȥһȺĹΧ˵ʲôٿһ½ڣߡ
½ſǣ͵͵ţʮֲ⣬иõͷð˳ڶ˭

ЩĹţǿĴϡС˵ţɲЩ˿еķ̸ʡ
½գɵ߬ȭͷѹôô

£һʹ½һ߬˵žҪ
ֹȥ

༱ˣ۳һҪŪǰæͣǽԪȻóӿ̫ӵĴϡ

Ԫ½ɵۣɨĴţ»滹нԪеơ
ѿ

Ǹ³çˡ
Թ㡣°ڣû˵½ԪѰô

š½ͻȻΪʥŴηȥԪ߲ǲ뿪
ԭҵࡣ

ȥ򱱾ȽҫƱΪҲ

ˣ½̸ܷĵطջߣ½
ȻףںͷĻ䶼˵ڣŽǰ½һƿš

֡޴˸к½ûֻͷûͷûβ˵˾䣬á
޲֮࣬˳ŷ죬ڴĨٻӰ

һ£ˣ߹ȥƿšĹʵǣһĿ
ŵ£

ڰճֻþࡣеĳƺȻȻ䲻Զľŵ¡

Źϣ֪ҪߣлҪ˵˼ܿſڡ

֪Ϊ滹ЩĹڡ  
뱻ײһ

˼ά˰ģȥŹϡվ岽Զƽһᱣֵ־롣
˼յ£Ҫ˵ʱЩݡ

޿ֹľӽڵ͹ը
հݱʱ֪߸Ȣ¡

֪ºлҪ

վǧԥ࣬Ҫ

Ҫ˵ЩʲôԳܵĻպһĻᶼûˡ

˵֮ǰм͸㡣
ֺõģ΢ģ޼ܵķŵԼΣûȥҪʲôֻһлûߵѿǰԼҪꡣ

ӻȡһС֧ľϻߵǰݹȥ
֣¡

˵Ļ˵
½Ϊ˴ϣһĵһա

Ҳһˡ

ľϻһ֧ϺõĿ̻Ƶĺʡ
ֻһƳʹϣٻභޣ練չ䣬ϸȥĶ˺֡

״ʦ׿̵ĺʣ
ǡ޲ЩֻǵԼ˵Ҫһ֧ʦ׿̵ıʣ֮⣬֪ܸʲôˡ

Һϲлл
üţ¶СУָڿ̺Сպá

ʵǾʮʱյ㣬ǰʮˡ
˵ţв֪ʱðϸڼҪ˵Ļɵü

ǰĶǰİһǰľ糱Ĺ֪ʱѲ
Щ۸˵£Էˡ

ʱ䣬һֱڿǣһɣҲԼһ
ʱͷǷݽ¶һ

ǰһЩ˵ޣҪ׼һˣԸ𣿡

һůƮһڴڵˣһ۵ľ롣ů˳Ŵ麴룬ɢյĶԹͷϵȺ֡
綼ˡ

̧ף𾪵ī˵ǿ¿ʼ




88.  088   

޵˼ǰһ, ˵ǾʱѹûзӦ
һʲô֪

㡭ǰĹɫĨϼ, С, ֪ʱš  
Щ鲻һϢ, ֪Լ˵ʲôֻ, ӽͨ󣬼˵ʲô

ûôŮ´ǣ˳˼û, ûˡ
Ť˼, Ҳ, ȴûĶ

˵һ, ಻˵Ĺϵò岻
, бĹĵ̧ͦ, ͣڰ, һָľ롣

࣬ߡ˵, ָ΢΢, һ, ͻɢȥʧ
ֻܻصһ˵ʵС

ʶ״̬סǵ, ߬
ʵһգֹͣϣһ̣࿪ʼɿ١һϢѾãٴҵ˺ĳ졣

ո˵Ǿ仰ӻҵԺ˳
ǿ¿ʼ

¿ʼ
ĸֱӽѰԼУ׼һ޾˳

һ˲͵ذǰαסľܴ󣬴˼
ˣֳ̧󼹴˴ԣˡһ졣

ڴ׸غһȻ̧´ǡ
˺Ĭߵͷϣǳ˼½½ˣְһ䣬ʥزжأ

½˼Ƭ̣¶ɫʵʵ˼ʥϣڴʥϲΣϢŴüԪΪ˼ȥִ֡
ʥճϣ޴·ʴڣܻ뷨

ʥϥôףȥ˼˵곤һλǺĳĻӣһʮһвƽǼȥڿ䡣
Щ˵

Ͼ˵ʲôֻܻ

ʱڣ޽겻뿪ķ䣬޹ǵС֣˵࣬ҽձ̻꾩ˡ
ţ֪§ڻĿڴżʵС˵˵㸸زҪ򡭡

õģࡣΪҵķ˿лۣ̫ҽ̫ҽչ˺Լ
Ҳǡ

ࡣ۵׻һ˿ִ٣ȻɥҪյꡣ
ᷢʲôܱ֤Ҫ˵£Ƣô

˼û˵ڡ
ţ

֪߼ף£۵ĶС˵ܲܵȵң

üۺЦǰսռĴˣȴСֻúЦ
̧֣ס֣˵¿ʼ֮ô˼ÿˡ

һġ֣סСģֺõ˼
ˣ˵˵ˡˣ·Сġ½ͷۿԼǸСģֱ˷

ö˶˵ģôͱˡ
ͣſڣ׶˹ָ

޹ԹԵվǰż⣬ɿһǡ
Ӧشţĵۼ䣬εգգۡ

ɫ糣ϲǵش׵Ա߹ȥ󣬿첽
뿪ʱƿŵĨߴʵӰ˵˾䡰ء

ĿڣԾţ޵ָҲֵġ
оܺãǳá

ʱӦҲϵͷͬ½סغǣۿԶЦ̬Щˣŵģ߹ȥʣүܣôŵ»ǲ
ף֡ЦţƺûдӸղŵ״̬ͷչơ

һϸİ񻷳С
ҵĺ񡣡

׺½һͷˮغӦ̾Ϳʲô
֮ǰϵ񻷡

ӦЩɣҪү𣿡
غ㹪񣬡ϲӡ

½ײʣô˵Ҫˣ
غ͵ǵԪͬʱ޵֤֮һ

ô˵ӾǵԶĺ׹½Ȼʱע£ô벻Ǳü޸޵С
˵Ĺ£ķҲδ̫ˡ

˵֮ǰ½ʲôʣ֪֮ԵҲû˱ͷ

ûһʵʵ˵
ⲻ֤ô

Ҫ¿ʼ
ţ۵׷ŻϲĹ⣬üЦ⡣

ԭ¿ʼҲлˣǹƽ½˵˲䱻ס
ҵڣǧٴ̼үˡ

һôġ

½˵ЦӦ׶ˣ޺ȻЦЦ£Ҹʮƽ
½һڰ֣Ҳң̫һٸҲҡ

λСϳԵĿ𣬵ޱһ׽Уѡ
Ӧɿ½Ц꾩ܸϹĸᣬҽһĸİš

޲ͣ˷ţӦڽԪ󣬱ˡ

صԺ˵ߵĽڰѾȺʱ빬
ں࣬ƺʲô

һ͵߹ҵˡ
Ƽ޼˪׵ķ˿߬Եӣۿ졣

ԭľ飬Ǻʱˡ
ڷͬôһĥġ
ʱսķܹٵˣȶ֣꣬·飬ԴַߣֻܲͣЪĴ񣬺ľ

飬ܸıˡ

ǰջ۱￴˽ϸʹ׵ԤƵĲ̫ࡣ
˲ۣȥ

ʣˣǴӦÿվͿһСôЩжΪ߹ȥϵĲβ裬Ѿˡ
ڰĸϽĲβ衣

̧ۿ˿һĺ磣Ȼ׵ʣȥĸ󣬵Ȼ̸ʡ
ȥɣͬ˵죬

ԲʣŶ˵
˳£˫ֵϡ

ԼŮ꣬һʮоţȷǸٵȵˡ
ټԼѾŲ˶á

˼ʣ߼䣬Ӧôĸ˵ˡ
ţТøķ񡣡£ͬйһλܵߴˡ

ټȢôͳ˵ҵߺԳ֣⼸ΪҲľ߼壬ҽԪĹŻô˵¼ޡ

֮ˡ  
Ǹ̫ӣ߼֣ŶѾԹһˡҪһ𣿡

಻ԣ΢ȵס
̫ӣίʵİӡͣսԪߣŴγְæ˴ͨ˽ԪĻóʵΪȡƸ

Ͽһλ߸еĻıԣ֮ΧýԪηѡ
ˣӡˡ

Ȼ֮˵Ļŭһϸס
Լ̹ףԶ벻Ŷĳ׶󾹻

ڤڤ֮еԵлԼó׵ȴʧߵһ𣬵þŶƽ׳ôĿࡣ
ŭˡ

޽һк󣬶ɫĽԪ¹ߵ״

˵һ죬޻һݣԲϵݸĸʱߵס
ٰݺһƬһݣδܻӡ

һݣɫᶨһݣǿһգŵԸת⣬ٸһᡣ

˹ŶôҸһλ᣿

ͶϣҲɷޣʲˣҲΣҲնɵ˺Ը⣬þȥչܵһ˺
Ը⣬˼ΨһҲбˡ

ĸ֮ӣΪ֮Զ޸Ԫ壬¼ޡ޸ңǽԪĹҲŮˡ
һᱣ֤Ԫֵ֮ˡ

޵⼸仰˵˴Ŀ
ֹǸףһ֮

ΪΣǿġ
ҪԵίȫǶģȻĺ󹬣ôг˴֮Ůˡ

ɡ

˼˴̾
ҧҧСʣô֪ģ˵ôTW

ҡͷ˼׿ڸҵġ
е֮ˣ

ûгɣ˵ͷǡ

ˣ꾩նͼľȥҲҪ£磬ǿûͬĸףֳǵշ뵽һ˵˳
ţĩˣס˸΢ֲڵ֡

ʣѾʮĺˡ
ġ

ȰŮ˫ˮϴƵ۾峺ףûаµĻ˵ڡ
˵ף˻Եδ

ŮжŮˡ

գĸҪʹһȥɢɢİɡ





89.  089   

ͽĵ, ҹĺɫããеľ½ָյ֡
ߺС·ȥż䣬ʱĺ磶, Ѱʡ

ְ¡ߺ鹧
, ʾ, һԵͨͨ˳ȥ

½սбְһΪһ¡
Ϊһ, Цղ̸£̸¡

£ߺȻס
ЦЦձ, 㲻ҵСôʱ㻹Ǽֵܺ;һ, Ҽǵʱ, ûôõġ

ʱô, ʱĺܰ׷ܵ, ֻƤӣ, кǡ
»лֱ˵ɡߺ˼, ʶպΪСŵġ

ģҲ֪, ⱲֻСôһȻҲǰ, ܲһίġ
ߺоˮû, ΪΪ䱦飬޽߼, һί

ûлشԹԵǸиԵѾͷֻҪҪģϲģٶҲ֮£ǲϲģ㲻Ὣ͡
ߺ鲻֪ԼǾŵϲĻǲϲġ

ϲģ˵ţߺɫۿɼٶڻůŮ֡
ߺ飺

ЦЦССͼղ¹ǸʲôӣСӦ֪ġ

Ӳ÷⣬ܿ콫뵽ȼ֮ƣҲἴʵʩ
Ůܹ֮ǲһġ

ߺȻ뵽ޡ
ͼղڣԥͳɣȷղеģ

ߺ鲻ûǷܹδ߼׽лᡣ

ʵǰ̫ǰͬȢСŵ⣬Ѿˡ
ߺգȻһѿڶ̫ձɣýԪ֮飬Ȣŵ¡

գɫϲŭ
ߺķӦϾʱС˵Ҫ¿ʼԼߺ鷴Ӧࡣ

ʱֻ˾һ䣬ǲʱԪ˥ˣڹҪޡ
ֹߺ飬֪̫ⳡʲôˣȢСź󣬶뷨

ǣҡҡͷС˵һһֱҵˡ
ֻһ䣬ûȰ

ðΣߺ鶼û˵
ѹĵףڴõǷȻ߽֮ơ

Ʊأ
ġ

в뵽Щ꣬ЩϿĲôĻǲл᣿
ĶСǡһô룬Ǵ

磽һԵľϻϣ˹ȥ
ٱԼڴ˴С岻һΡ

ôԶҪί˭ߺţЩġ
üɫһѹЩģһǿηĽԪػСš

ߺ飬ĲѧԸһͬ˽Ԫ
ߺٱ׵ľ

ҹ紵ɳɳ졣
磴Ӿظһ·صԺ

žƿ鷿ţڵʶһ鰸ǰñĺī飬ͣסţֱ鱾߹ȥ

סī׹񣬶һԵЦ˵ҵϰĲ
ôŸʹùñˣ

ǡị̄ұŪĴˡ
ʹùÿɲǰŪ

Цӵķ䣬ˣʱˣȻȥϢͬʹùûҪ顣

īߺ󣬺һ֢ΪȥȲ裬ֺƵЦˣϻӡ
ˡüģߺôãҹûٺȡ

㰡磳̾ȥ
̸ۼһ޹һˣżġͷԱߡ

ʽ֮ҷֵΪ޻£Ѳ治ʵ˼
磵Ļһ˵ڣԤ׵Ŀˡ

ô᲻ھͼˣȥ޷ա
ǻ괩ԭļеģֿĸͬܣ޷ơ

̧Ĩ˰˵ʲô˺ҵļѵ
Ƕͣܿޡ

ްʱû˿ޡ

㲻ٺãôģ磶˶٣ǷһǰȢ㣬ҶҪһ١

֪Ⱦߣ˻粽չţ磾ٺݵģҲˡ

Ϊ˼ͷһҵصϣȷԼ

ǾˣñĪҪϣոҽҿ˲ĺگױµţ˵£ȢĹٺһѸ¡

ԣֻһˡԳһЦƾŵ÷ٱǿ

绹ûҵСɩɩôξܿȥСӻôСûԺĸûС
ѰΣҸҪɣ»ǲҪˡţǰֳܽޡЦ

Ը⣬ڼѰЦ̣ҲҪۿᡣ

*

˳磬ʮգ޺ִܿ꾩ͷȺʱԹ򸾺󣬲֪̬жء
ʥ䲻Σôأ̬ȴѲݺӡ

ʥǰ˳Ƕۣšʦϰ֮١

ûضǸϹ򸾣лصԹ
˹շ֮໥

ϹүͬκᵽλѾȥӾǽԪŹ󣬾ﲻѡ

޷ŵǣǿڹײģǸյġ
κϲ⣬ʣ㸸׻ͬӵλֹ㵱ʱûϴȷɹףĽᷢӡֻ˲ˣΪҪչײģ

ϹүһЦҶôһ£˼ʱҲˣһ֮λλؾʥϴͻ飿

޴ףӵʱһѾǶӵĽᷢӣԭӦõģӱҪ縸ԣΪ˱ܿؼҵĻ£ҪǣʱΪۻϧ꾩ɢǶ֮ԣӲˣǶӵķУֻǸ˵ݣǶӶȻ޷̵ġ

Ϲүһ»йأֲһҹ֮±㴫꾩
ס

κϳɣ㵱ޣȢǾҡԪܴӦô
ϹүһҶּˣһκϵֵôˣ㲻Ҳ⣬ô޸ңһĺϺ㿴Ҳ

κбŵһۣεһ𣿶ԷǽԪ˵ڽԪĸߣǳܳ裬ݣңܹǵһȡ

ĸ赣ģԪǰ˵ϸڣֻҪһһá

࣬ͻ֪ûЩ˵Ƣ˳ҵĻҲǼΪӡ

һԵ˴̲סȼ

үǱϲô
ôλ˳Сϸг£ɼǵ

û˵Ƣ
һʢ˵С壬ɻĻصء

ǺסָչүүܵñָǼĵĹڸ

Ǿŵ¶ĻΪӣôڵģ

˵ûү֢ûΣһȥúø˵˵

ʱ޺ȻתһףЦ˵ĸţףһֱڶߡ
˵ŵǲԣ

׼۵׻һ˿ײĽͷƤһЦǣϹүͷˣү˵ǰּٻûУ

ΪȫǼٻ






90.  090   

̫޹龩, һգͬλ߹٣ڳ⣬ʥͨ  
ͷ, Ŵͨ, һȥ

˱㴩źصĹٷ, ĳͷڵɵա

, ͬǰƵгüϳˮ

ٵ˰ʱ, ֻһ, ʥӰ
˼̫ӽӹͺ󲻾, ȥ

ǬԪʮ¶ʮ, ̫ӹ龩һ, 꾩ڱһϢ
ԹЯȥ˳ۣʦ, һϳܡ

Ⱥղüʵ۵س, ԹүڣһƬпŵ۵Ļʵۡ
֮, ʥ׷ġʦ죬ʧ׹¸̨

ʵۼʦѪ֮, ʢŭ֮, סԹһڳڵ֮С
һʱ䣬ڼž˹

ʵȷʦ, ָԹүıô궼չ㣬㾹޵֮·ʵŭˡ

չ
ֻЦЩҪ

ƿʲôƨɣ֮ʦò޳ʯ׾һغ
ʵ֮࣬ۿ죬ֳѰɣ³öҳʲôӣжʱδȥҪˣ

ߵһݣֳһعִ֡
ҲȥѴּ̫ӴгҪ޵

ռʹžҪִѲɣҪ̫ӳ֮񣿳֣ع£
ʵɫһŭ޵ļҩʯҽΨ֮·

ţǵ˫Ŀ͸ŻƵķ⣬ʦʦܣȥһж

ʱϳ֮Ц
ľ˼ƲӲӵľһۡ

ųѪȾѩ

ʵݵ͸Ųŭ֮£ڳϳۣѺ̲Ρ
һգе꾩նƺƵѺУƵŻ۵ĵʿ·

ǬԪʮ꣬³
һֽʵʥֻּƽһ볯ϯ£ɫ£ӵΡ

λĵһ£ȥ̲Σȳس˳
֮Яسص˵һ糯ؽӵһһ׵

һռ䣬λƽȸ
꾩գ޲ŵƽʣʾϲ

糯ѹʱٽշͷʢĺȻЯӱǰڵҪٹگʵԡ
벻µ۷ԣѾõİٹŭ⺫ڵڵİֺҲ̲ס嵽ǰȥȰˡ

֪ȥĺĴĻӻ˺󹬡
֪÷˴ɻ䣬㷲ʱµϽǰʵ۵ǻȥׯԷ٣һͬУܹǲѪĽ˶ϡٵĺǲˡ

Ǵơ

罾ƻѻķϵʵ⣬ڹɫشһġ
㣬˵⻹ʷϵһֻµһ˽פ󹬣ڹ٣˵ɢǰʺЩûôҪźۻ᲻ᱻϳȥ

ҾòᣬۼǰյʵλģҪҲǸЩûӵģϾλɵóþõĻȥء
˵ţ˼ǽͷһλνʵż˴˴æ¹ߵ׵ūżʥϣʥ򰲡

·ȥǡɫ࣬Ըŵ⼸æƿţ˽ȥ
ֵʵʱѳĲݣȥ

סغ̳﷢ƽкüͷ
Ƕ뵽պ䵱˵Ļ

ȷǰ㣬ǰʺûǱǰʵⰵյ̳

еĺڹǰʵѡͽģ֪Իʺ£µ飬ɵʥϣȻȻʺҪþõĻš
µû˵꣬һԺڹٵһ̳ˮɡ

·ڹգʥϣȻ
ɨغ㣬ٶԣغ̧סڹ٣һƣصľһպϣһĶԹ֮¡

浵ʬǡ߳ʵ޶˶٣ͬӮȥǡ
ףְס

Ƕѻɽۣüġ
µۻ̫ʱϲŮźڶʱһֱɺڹͬź

ڹ⼸һֱߣ֪µ۽ûôϢȦ˼ɫȣǵʥϣᣬҲעӣ󹬿մһҪء

һԵ󣬡͡Цⲻڰʾүڼô
̧üģ˵ߵĺڹٰʾոռλǻ糯гϱµ۾ӯ󹬣֦ɢҶ

ͷһգޱܵΪҪõѹֱһ۶Ҫͷʹ
Ǿ飬ȴԶڽԪ

꾩Ѱս׶Ҫ߲ٹǷȢססһ٣ָ㣬ػؼʹŴ°ôҪһꡣ

οǸ֤񻷣ϣֻ˵Ҫ¿ʼ
һ£ֶûһƲء

ü΢һĹɫ㰵ְתתϵİָ
ˣԪóʹǲ⼸վҪˣ

֮ǰͬԪǩĻóЭлóʹŵԼ뿪Ԫǰ̸ͬ£˵⼸ʹŻ־
׵صǣսݰ˵˴κʹڽ׼ͣգٶȣ־ִ֮

ôͣеĶȻһЦȥ
֪үǺ⣬үعںã˶ãǱһˣʹˣСԶүȻҪúÿ

޳ýԪǰϸڹ⼸λӡǽԪ⼸λƤῡģնͼľʱһΣȷӵУͬĸСǰѲĹϵ
ϲö飬´ֻǾ̸ֹ֪иΪ֪ϲá

ˣϲɤˡ  
֪ϲãǲͬĸ׳йأ˽նͼľλ֪һġ  

ǰ޷ԸѰҪòģȥ̺򡣡
źϲΪ˽ܣתֵȥСլʰԺ赥סλҲȥСլɡ

Ӧ£üɵؿһۡ
ô

үСլȫ꾩֪˽լ⡭ͽȥ˿ǡ
̧´ǣмް

ţ˵¶޵ģҪЩô
һ飬׵ǣǱְȥ졣

߳岽ֱ޽ͣ´ѡףҹȥǡ  
üͷ΢Ӧ˾䣬ǡ

*

³꾩ůŨ¥̨Ӱ
µĹԱһͷţŽԪĴۡ

˿̣ڡ
кãһݣͬŮ»ԪڹٵĲ೤üҪҲͰˣɰŮ̿ͣһڹٵװΣղ˵Ҫ꾩ӣ

ȻһЦĸ粻֪ҪŮӷĶ࣬δɻŮҪñֱʾݡ
գûٶԡ

ʱŸó̿˴
ĸ࣬ΧֵϤ¥Щӡ

δԼ̤꾩
벻ʱĴ䣬ʵۡ

ԭռλѾ˺з
ˣȫƫ롣

ʱ˼룬ᵣϵͳɱˡ

ãˣϡԼСöŷ㶣Ϊǳ꾩ķӦδ⡣
ĬĬĸһ·ȥ̿ͰٵķݣùźȥĸǴ׼ųȥ档

뿪ʱ˴νӴĺߵ췿ţŸڹٽ
ڹϸϸĵ£ʥرԸ꾩ʱȥʥ˽լ԰齣ƣ˴̿ͻãʶûлʹ磬ҹʥϻ԰ͬһͬš

γñɽˮΪ˳ʹţѹû뵽ر
ʵ۵˽լоͬУʱסſ϶ķڷ㣬ˡ

ʻǶͣڹٿе԰ſڣ̧ۼϤͥĿһ䡣
԰֣ˡ

֪Ǻʱϵġ
ĸ磬ڹլС

طסԼһ꣬ϤǱۣ֪ôߡ
һһյӰӣʢ֮£Ӱ߲߱ǣ̧·ĹˣĿһ

ڹ·ԺߣմһƬɽˮŮӵӲԶƮ
ʱѽѽٯתݺĵǡ

ʱǻĺЦʣۺ£ƽҲϲڣ
ڹٻЦʥϲôģԺλŮûȵˣĵ¾мңūŽλŮĵһ

û£Ҳǲ
ڹټ£æ˹

ʱĸ˵Ůӿ죬Ѵɴ£¶ѩ׵ľӣһǳɴ£ξԡ
һˮͷϡ

ͷð֮ǰתĻ
һֻһˡ

ᱡŵڵµĳУͱô̶ˡ
סţۿ̾ͺˡ

ʲô˼
˾ˣ

ǹص˼λѾסһӡ

ٿȻƮƮĵһ䣬򡭡ӣ

Ŀȥ֪ʱ࣬Ŀ
ע˴æҡҡͷĸкһͬ뿪顣

ʱ棬ΨԵĳһԸż
£ôˣΪοˣ

һ㶣£
߬סӣſǻ˵ûңһ꣬㻹𣿡

䡰ҡʱˣߵƵģરવͣ˹ȥס࣬˵ءҾ֪ûءããã
¿˿һţҲᣬӵһ뽿񣬿޵ϡﻩ

СδŲͤ˸ϡͿǽ֪ԷǽԪŵòᡣ
ϻۣ뵽λŮᣬæͣǧᣬλŮǰղͽ԰ģʥ϶û

û
Ǹյǻذɡ

ͬһʱ̣԰ſͣһ޻ɫ˿
뵽һͬ棬鲻࣬һ̲ͣش󲽽԰





91.  091   

һ, ɫԻŰ˿
ʵ൱µЩδΪôº, ޵侲Գ֡

ڹ, Ŀƺ̡
Щ, δػܾ

ûС
ȻЩСǻ᲻ܿƵð

СüƬ, ˳ȥѰĸ硣

ʱͬͤ, ĿתؿλŮ
һЦ

˶Ů˵ϲǲزסġ
ȷϲõദ, ޾, ⼸С, Ǿϰ˲öԸϻδīɼĶȫָ, ڻſ˵

ʱԺӹŴ, ̸Ц޶Ů֡
ͣ, Ťϸ˹ȥһվһ, ǲ⡣

˵ʲô, ĽǶֻü, ¶Ц⡣
߼µ̫Ҫۡ

費ɫĿ⣬ŤԸոյǻµۣɡ
޹Ϊһ, ǽԪɢӣôԸͶȥֺأ

ºˣݲؽָ˵˾䡣
޶˶ָϵİָЦĵˣλרΪĵ׼ġ

޹»лֱ˵
ȻһЦǰ߼֪ͣ¾ŵǡ

µ꾩ûôȣ˿̽ĶͷѾʼʺ£ڵһ࣬ʥϿɴδԺ͹ˣΪдԪӲš
û磬ŤԳµȻȥĸ磬ͬ

Щԥֵȥɣĸ𣬾˵ȥԺ䡣

ߺʣ÷԰͹Ժ¿סˣ

ûס˵ģʥϲ˽ȥæ͡
̲ˡɻǣ΢΢

˲ۿڵġ
ţˮôеˡ

еģǵһȥ
Ǳˡ뿪ѡ·С԰һ·ȥ˹Ժ

ϤĻľī߰ǽ滨δܾǣǵԺﻹľϾ⴦ֻסﶬ
̤ʯС·ԺǼŽС

Ӱ֮£һʯǡ
ŵ֣Щ̦

̲ˡ
Ŀһôã»Ǻѹ

ķ˳ʯ·öѩ׵Ļŷ紵һ磬ͽ
ƿţΪסĵطԺһľһʯһ̦ȴʰĸɸɾڵ¯δȼ㡣

˽ȥƿҵţ̴Ӵ̴ƽƻĻʽ㼸
ʲôû䡣

δȥӣȴճϰߣ
ûиıʱ֣ᷢһ˿һʱҲᷢ֡

ߴƣ⵽¼µСңųһŷϡ
߹ȥֽŷÿһ仰棬µľӡ

°Ǿ仰д˾䣺°׼ˣĶ
ͺͷǾ˾䣺ʹۣ֭Ϳͷ

滹һСƬѾǽɡ

һŵؿţЩּǳͬһдȥġ
Ǿ棬һ䣺⡣

ЦҲ
ŵŭ⣬ٿȻЩֽϵĻȥ롣

һԣĦеֽƬۣһ뵽кŮʱչ¶Цգ̲ס⹷кʱצӰô϶ǵһˡ

һͷ԰ͤ
һλŮһЦʫһ˵С

鲻ӦǶİΪ⣬ټԼ߼󱻾̤ܺʵ١
ڰ֣ȥ׼ʱüͷվԶ˵ʲô

Ƭ̣ٴаļ׵ʥϣݼ
Ŀһ٣ݼĸֻ֣ڸйصϡ

ͬλѧļѵ̸ʫ۸¸߰µ£æЦҪȴҪⲻġ
Ǵ£ײóȻϣæ߳ͥԺʣԪʲôˣǲǽԪ

ģţɥޡ
ͬʱܡ

ü治֪ôתֻǴǽ񷽲԰˾ŵ£ҲĵԪˡ
΢ɲסʣ˵꾩

ףŵ¾԰ŻүͬĻһˡ

ͬĻһ
滹ǰĶͬĻһ𣬷ײ԰λŮˡ

תһ룬дΪĻ⼸λǵĸ磬ϣʱʱЩ
ȥǰʯͷԼĽˡ

һϢûУ˵ߵӦᷢؾġ
ûʱ룬ʣŵںδ

ҡͷŵ¸˵ҪȱˮȥȡʱѾˡ
޳˼ϢתǵŹԺȥ

Ȼ˹ԺʱѾˣڵңҲһ𲻼ˡ
޸æݣԸϷˡ

û˷״÷԰ס˸Ҫ꣬Ҫࡣ
Ŀԣ޼Ӵ磬һ㶣뵽ںԺʱطʱһĻ

վǰϲʣ࣬ôҲͬ˵һ
ûɫʵۣǽԪʲôʱȥɢģҲҪʥˣ

ӣ׼Ϊˡ
ඪ仰󣬾ҪŶߣô뿪˫һֱӸ˵˸ʵʵ

ôʥǲôֱͦ壬ͷбչӳڶԷī֮У۵׵Ѫ˿źԡ
ǶûúϢˡ

˶٣ɵðѺ˻ȥ

ƽѸݵ˼άļϵŭʱȫȻˣǣ治֪ô仰
ΪȷҪš

ʳˡ
ǰ֣Ȼ£˿벽óһȥ·

Ҳû뵽һ¾ˣȫûеӾôľ
ʱԶϵ׶ȥˣôƽôӲŻһ䣬أ

ѹ˺ĸһѺֻۣᵽյĲʱ˵С
ΪˣͷǼ̻ڣˬأû˼

Գ̾뿪
˲һ˲䣬һ˱§ڻȴ§øǸΪ˻ʵۣΪΪ

סΪΪĸֶ˵̫ݳˣĶС˵ţΪĸ׼ģϲ
ͣҿû˵ĸڡ

ǲţͬȥȥʣްԡ
˵ֱֱȥɳս꣬سֽΪ٣´һİϣ֤˵Ҫ鳡Ƶģ§ŹСذţ

̹࣬׺ͱ⣬ƫƫżֵСᣬʱмܡ

ȵȣ  
ͻȻ÷Ǿ仰е㲻Ծ

˭ӣ

ǡɿһЩ¹Բ֪ǣǣҲϾͻˡ
ֱиɰͰ͵ģʵѳĻŷϡ

Ĳֲ¼֡

ξţͻ᲻ɵһֱȥ
ţǶԷ˵ƤӣҲŵġ

޶˵ڵһࡣ


޿۵׵Ļɢȥ̧ͷС˵ôܼ㣬á
㣬㡣

ͷǼ˲䣬е˼
ļͷһ£û˵ԭ㡣

ȥô°塣üۣĦϸ

°塣
򴽣ס磬ðȥ

δ䣬̵ϢסĴĥϸϸżصҧһ£ֺõ˼ס
Ƭ̺ǵóԸ˿ء

Ҫ߲ס˼ڽС
޽ǽϣֳţоŵֻ첲΢΢ͷһ

㡭ȡһڴϢ˫գ۽ǹʪ첲ôˣ
á

еĳɣӻȡƴСӣöõʲô֪Ľҩû򿴹ðɡ
Ϊ˸ôģСʡ

һԭǡЦЦһԭǸһ
㡣

û˵ڣסŴǣС֣ࡣ
λٵ⣬нԪսĩ·壬޲ͷľӡ  

Щ±뾡  
࣬뵽Լֱͬİٶҹþʵĥۣһǡ

лл㡣
ûͷûβ˵˾䣬ɻʱͻȻ࣬§ĸ첲Ҳ

࣬Ӧ֪ʳɣڰٹٺϣǻʵִٶ⡣
ͷ֪

Ϊʱ棬ô̯ӣһġ

ΪɼЩҲ㡣
ĺȻһ

ٹ֪Һλմ˸ңȻĸҪ  
ǱƵýÿ糯£ίʵķüͷε̾˿ʮί

üͷһѹ˰벽ʣҪҽ׼ô
ɬߵۿ˲ʪ

ʲô
ͬպҪ۸

Σ
ǴϣҲܲͬȥһˡ

̣Ҳ˲
ҧŴˣ䶨׺⣬Щ˵þۺɢ

޼ǽͣǿٰ㲻ԸСַĿڣǣҪ˽ȥ
糯ٹֻȢһλʺˡ

Ȼ١

º͵ЦţԺ䣬ԸԸҵĻʺ󣿡

Яֹȣ벻ӱ˴ΪΨһ





92.  092   

ԸԸҵĻʺ󣿡

Ҷɳɳ΢, ϦбĿ
ǶԶˮٵۣס

޲֪סǰĹﶯ˶ֻ˵һ֡
С, Ǳ͵ˡ

ˡ
˵, á

Զغ, ܲܺþŵʱͻȻ, תȦ˽һ
֪µĲƵģæ

һЦ, ׵ҿеæˡ
غѵüҹЩЦ⣬ȥԪ, ӦɵСһȥ

ú, ձ, , ľŵ£æܹȥ
, ۾

С, û¡
׻ú跢, ȦԺӵСã۾ա궼, ۽ǻ, Ȼ̫Ծ

ôСſ޹ˣȥ鿴ɨΧ, ŮӰ
ûʲôĸ磬Ųô۰ˡ

Ǿͺãµ˴ȥæˣ֮ǰնͼľӦü
ͬţҼǵ֮ǰڷܹعһգǳһƬŻᵽ㣬߼£㡣

ĸ翪ʼΪ˵ûˣȥλȷá

ĸãô
ſ緢汸꾩̫ԶЩ涼ϼѣҶ˽⣬˷񣬶ƼģҪ֪

ǳǳЦĸ˵ԣϲʲôȷײŶˣҪȥڷѣͲĸһˡ
֮ͬЩСƣķ¼Щˣ볡þޡ

˭֪;·Ѿߣһ˳죬Էʥ֪ŵ꾩ˣ㲻õסƫίţʥѽ°һԺңĵͷҲ˵
²ģ͵ʥϱԷʥǾʶʲôĵأ

ƲƲ죬ΪͬλʵǾʶŲĵġ
ԵµЩ˼˭֪

ȥԺңڲõܰʣҲ籸ˮҲû˵ʲôˡ
˷С齣һһųµĸ첲ЦҶ˶źŵ£ǵµŮԵ֣ݱСˣһ

ǲϣʱͻȻһ춯üͷ
£Ҫ

ľ춯齱ŵˣе𡢱
¿ǲ

ûУ˸Ρһ޵˵ۣԱ֣û£ҹ࣬԰Ѿźžͺá
ɡ

һסµָ֣źſѾ˵¶ô˵ˡ㻹ʲôĵģ߰ɡ

ŲԶˣ΢أɻϣûһۣţϡͷ˹뷿ĵ֪Ǳ·ĵڼǽͷ

һ£Ϸ٩޵Ķ䣬ֻнˡ
޽Ǽ鷢˵ڶҡ

üβ۵黹Ǹ߷
Ԫǵһңǵڶҡ̹ס

һɽƵػ飬ֱе黰·ֿɰֿЦ

޲֪룬̵̧Сô˾ƣ
Ⱦͺ¡֣գգʵۣô

ȹƵЩ̣߬ʳָСȣǵ»

ЩΣſڵҩۿˣã˿ҩ㣬ܲܰĨһ£
һ£۵׵Ѳأ˳˹ȥס½һ

ǰһʣΣ
ǻҩʲô

Լɡӣ£ÿ첲¶һƬطϵƤ
ය˼ȫȻûˣ˿ҩ꿪Сʣô

ͲˣǿЩ˰ˡ
۽ǺžӨЩҩ

ӯοҩ󣬻Ҫһ
ľŵĿĨҩ࣬Ӧް§Сʣ𣿡
ͬҹͬľͬλãʻˣˡ

ཫС׿ͷ˸λãŲࡣ  
ʲôҲû˵ȴʲô˵ˡ

ȡķڣڷ䣬ͷȥѵˡ
š

ߵԣ˰ʲôˮ£ͷһ

һ˲޻׿ڴϵˣűӣ¶˵ؿԼڷ¡
ӵйȴʧȥ޳磬ȴĳ

ǣֱҹճǸӰȷⲻΡ

ڰУ齱߶ؾһ࣬ѹ͡һڹʱϣչˣߣϢ
ʱߴƽȵĺ֪˯ˣ֣ذ

֪˶ã˯Ӧ˻ĵĹߣ廳еˡ
峺Ҳڿ

ǲŪˣЩɡ
û˵޵µ֪

Թҩʵ˿̲̫ѣֻƾֱڵʣǲ˯ţ
౾ͬһ仰ųԵǲǰҩѡװ֪

Щ£һԭ£ֻ¿ʼܹģֻ飬һӵµĻ䣬֮ܰǰĲ벻Ҹǵ
Ҫʱ¡

㡣̾չȥ˲䣬ͷĲӣо޵ĺĴ¹§Ҫ֣Ҳ֪ս
һתſԼϡ

ʵ˵ľûʲôھƾ£̧ף󵨵°ͣǼ⣬üֱۣǸط쳣ȴķӦ󣬲ͣ
¶

һǣô֪ǳСӳ׻ˡ
ʶȥƻԤƵĽֹ࣬

ţٿȻ֧Ÿ첲ǰؾ׼Ҫ䡣
޵ĺһ͡

һӸˡ

೹ᵽʲôﻢ£ֳʵʵɻȥ˯ʱͻȻ˽סˡ
ˡֳơ

¹͸ɰѩľϣ˵Ŀ£΢΢Ҫϡ
޿ʧ

СϾ뾪ţһ˿Բ.˵ջ
ǿƣڵ³ŮҲǳԿġ

вԸĨġ
౻ĳĬŪ÷š

£߬סķѾ
̽Ҳֺá

ҧŴָǰ󣬲᲻ص˵˾䣺ҡ⼸Ӳʡ

ͷһˮ£Ҳѹס۵׵Ļ
ˣ֮ǰǶʱ䣬Ҳ˯һ𣬶ûйҹһʰ

ղʣһաĿ¹˳Ļʣԣ

ı뻰룬̹׵һͿ
ٸ࣬ǵңø𵽵ס

ղоգղУͺա

̫Ѩͻͻһ߬еĽѾ
ô벻ܵ˵Ļתһ룬鵽ŨҲûûġ

ֻչƵĽֺĦ
ƵغϵĶĸָ

üͷ΢΢һڿ顣
üţʲôűô

һ˲ۼӣˣôãܲаɡ
һָ

죬ҡҡͷ
йָҲȥ

ò

ţͻȻĴǳһڣЦ˵ɵϣµȻǵɾˣ˵
£ţʱҩЧҲˣģȥ̵ĶС˵˯ɣջ糯

ࡣ

*

գʱͥԺڵûˡ
һԵĽƿˣչȥ۵򡭡¡

ʲô¡ƲƲ죬ֵݹȥڵˮѣĪҪƶ֪ˣҹֿЦģħˡ
أ

ƽһЦ½㻹ûأҹǹ˲١
üѾͷûûεģôʲô˵ˣæ˸⣬£űˣʥϵһء

˷³ˣ
ţʥϻһˡ

˵ĸһ类񲿵ĹԱǢ̸ó֮º󣬰˿׵ȥ޻ɫӡ
޼ˣӵݸڹ٣

߳һڹ٣źŵѾ߶ûУͷһᣬ֮ǰ¼ʵ۵Ĵ̡
֣¡

ƴ򿪴ѣҺõĺӺһСˣҲܼҳ

޸һˣһԵĺڹ٣ĿŲλصĽԪŵ¡
̫ˡ

ʲôŮˣæ˯Ҫѹʱʥ³
ͷȻ֪ೢ˿ڣġ

£̧ۿȥ𣬽Ŀڡ
ʲôû˵Ҳһӡ

һЦԳԷ

һԵĺڹ٣ĬƷ˶곯Ϧ˼
ȻףµһֱܳڹԱѡԭ򲢷Ǿż

ڹһԣЦضڶĽƽ˵ͷһãȻ

ðգݻҶɫȹ׼Ź䣬룬ſޡ

ɽˮƵɫֱ֣ģ˫ѥͣסò˵˵Ьӣ˽Żͦÿġ

߰ɡ
뵽ҹᵽʲôˮţʣ½ղæô

æڿ˲ӣ΢˽ãȥóʹŵĳɹ
ξ͸óģ˵Ҳ棬û룬ȥˣȫûע⵽۵׵Ρ

һȦ̰ˡ
Ҳˣ򣬵棬ƹһ۵Ҳ򣬿ŵʱ˶Ҫˡ

λƵͣʱҹɫŨԵĽֵѾȼҡҷڵϳӰӡ
Ĺ˿ȥⲢ԰

Թ

Ŀԣ̽Ե֣۵һ˿޴롣ǰһЦɵشȥ

һ˲뵽뿪Ϫʱŵǰ㽾ˣ̲סۡ

ҹУȾѪѩĳҹ¡
֮ϣԹſڣͻȻУֵĶͷǸڲŴĸ
֣ȻһЦʱҲ

ס

ȥɣùžõȡ
˼ýƴϡ

ȫľʱԹ򸾾ϲĽɫ֮һ

ˣκһ𻰣ϸۿʪ۵ǺڵϲһӶûУ˵أůڵġ
κǰĹ˳ºͣô⡣

ܿˣԺ󶼻Ǻӣ˼ͬǽ¹ǻʵۻʲôܹĺӣϲԿίġ
˵ţκϰԼϵĵȡ¸ϡ

ףκϵļ
֮ǰ޽ǵĹ϶֪ģκ϶ŷס

ʶҲû鵱µЦŵţлĸס

㷽źʲôһĸףۿתᣬ

ʱŵϹүÿԼŶϱ֣޵涣üǰ˵ò޵ģô£
κüͷһѹСҫϱŸ˿ڣǸˡ

ߣ˵  
Ϲүվһ࣬۰Ͱ͵ĿκŶϱݣûԼ

һټ磬޵״̬Ϲү࣬κ϶ػ꺮ůճ꣬ȥ𻰡
ֱϹүΣ޲Žӵࡣ

ĸƽղġǣ֣ߡ
ûռʱͺʲôˣܰ㸧ôãܸɣһһᣬһȻ

ͬ㱾֪Ҳһģһ𣿡ͻȻͣ½Ų䲻˾䡣

ɫĺк˿θϣīŵײ

һָԼ֪£ͷһġ

أ˵֮䱾ˡ
뵽֮ǰ˵ģ塣

Ҳһģʵ˶ûб䣬㱾ˣֻһֱԸϰˡ
˰ΣҲûƳʲôӦ

˫ӳӰ۵׺һ˿֧ڴʳڣ𣿡
ţû뵽ԭڵ֣ÿӣ¶һԶɫӣѣ߲ˣŵļҪϱġ

۵װӿ£̧̰ۣһӡ
á룬ȻˣԼ½
ʵǺ䣬֪⡭ô˵أƬ̣ʵʵ˵ں䱻Ůɱ󣬽ʬġ

š

㲻𣿡˵Ѱ־ǣЩ֪Ƶġ
£֮ǰԪλʱ˸š

ܾزŮаͼúѪǿӵ޵Ĳ²⣬ļһ

ͨнɫĶʲôѪ
δ빬ʱ֪ǡôȥ˺©

ܾܻ֮ȥ꣬Ϊ˽ȥԪ磬ҵٵĲҩ
ҲƬֵأһޡ

Ҹĸ£Ҳ֪ô
˵ⲻԭľ鲻֪εƬΣ֪Ǹô¡಻̸̫Ͼĸ֮²̫ʡ

֮ûһһʮĽְѾıڵ͸
ֱ˲лصԺ޲ų׸㶮һС

ЩˣڽŲ˲򢣬Сʣ˼𣿡
δ䣬ѾסĴĥβŵϷ֪⣬εޡ

㲻һֱ֪ôǰֵ֪ˡ

ͥԺķȻ󣬻ҡҷֹɫӳСﾪﲻѵС
Ȼµǰ߽ʱµ⡣

ֻߣϵͳܸڶȻҪĶҵ㣿

֪ߺĺѾ뿪ڿõģ¡

һ˿Ե㡣
ܣֻһ֪

ٿȻһٴסƬ̵ĴϢ

ΣǵЩε˳˵š
һӲܸܲϵͳ˵£һ𡣡






93.  093   

֮ļ, æİռˡ
ΨϣæвԺѰ

һͷ, ĸͬʹĴ, Ҳ顣
, ¹ӣ¥, ȥķӮһٷǮ

лȥκ̩ھ֣һյ꾩µл

겻лԽӢˬ, ɫŽ, Ƿ⾪ϲ, ˵Ц, ȥ˺𻰡

ôò, ܻĵ귢ʲôͼ, Լݸĳ˽ԪС, Ҳδ۽ֻл, һطʧ, ˶

лҲкϢ, ҵãѾˣԷ꾩Ŵ, û͸¶ļңֻ˵û

ûʣֻЦŵͷ
һ紵˳ĴƼɫķϹһ貵ͣԶԶȥһƵġ

Ц꾩Ϧ֪лôˡ
ĪҪ˵ĻлȡһӣƸ

ǡ
Ҫ˵ķֳɣѺķֳɣлϽӣüֵ֪㵱²ȱӣһһ룬Ȼҡ

˵꣬ЦŰѶ§ڻл

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