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̽ȥ㱨̫Ѱֲ˼ӵұΪɫ
˾ģɫӶضȨλûȤ
􏪴ӵұг첲𿪣СүȨ֮ƣ곡Ϸѡ
ұӵ˵һ˭Ӯ˭׷
֮Ƴһۣ°ܽͬߵʱ㻹֪ĳء
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1 Ҭ
ҩˡСضһīڵҩ֭͵ǰ
ڴͷ֮ǰҩ룬ϻ̳Ͽֵؿǰ꣬Ͱ͵⡢ǵ¼ģ
􏪲˼Цԣͷһؼҩ̫ᣬеͺȰɡ
Ϊ¼ҩл´֮Ҫл
æסҶ˺˿ڣòײһ㡣
ֻ֮ͣ˫ȥ􏪵ҩĵºεȵ󣬶ȻΪԼҩܸȴֱ֮£֮εüֱһͷǽϡ
􏪿ֶüҪеҩó̲ס٩ֺ֮ɨǧڻ£Ҫ˲סһֻˡ
֮˫룬ʵܣõ࣬
􏪰ڰ֣ʲô۵㣬ҪлԸҵƧôصˡԺҲҪҵˣһƽҲûеº£ֻѡڵǺúˣϽ̫࣬һæ
ʲô·ǧҪˣЩֻǵġ֮Ȼִ
㲻òģаšȥˡ􏪵ȻûᣬǸִˣû֣֮ƽȣûʲô˭˭ġҷŵ֮ԼҪˡ
Ҫ̫ˣһҪԸ㣻Ҫչһ˻ƾޱȣˣ뷨ݣԺӲݴԺǽ̮ҪúôԶһ㣬ҪҸӪԼҪǶ֪ܲĶİ
ôҪģΪԼͻı˴̫ˣ˵ֱǷ˼ȥУ·һ۾͵һȫİ磬߻ӳ죬ʬأѪˮȾˣֻ֮ţΣڵϦʱΪֹѪɥȪˡ
ǵģ􏪴Խˣһʮũѧʿһʮ꣬ͬͬգͷȴ򵥡
ǰǰ̫ӣǰոձԭ⹫󽫾ͼƹıʵ۶ɱҡУһʮڱųնĸܻʺɣݺΪѳĸ
􏪵ӹһ̫ˣΪˣݣҲǺĺϵʷ֮أһƬԭʼ֮ء
Ȼһɽˮִʱ˷˳֮һڣ􏪶˸ꡣ
ҡȻǱˣűߵأҲ㰲ȻȥԹ̫мܵգ
ƫһִ˸ˣ˿ЦҲĪκΡ
􏪾ô󽫾췴δ棬ʵҪ󽫾档ϾĸʵҲԸ⿴һرݣοϳףԹĶtΪ̫ӡʵڵóԸˡ
ĳĴ􏪴ʷҲͬһڵĻʳյļƺʷҵϱʱڵϳǳ񣬶ƫһ磬ǿлţűȨ֮ìܼз
Щ􏪵ҪĵģĵôȥϾ̫˵㡣
νţʵûΧǽΣҪôҪôۡΪ̫ӣŵصĴ㲻ˣݴʷûҪ󣬻סϾʵֻǱΪ񣬲ﷸ
ֻ̫ⷿƾ˵㣬˵ǰľκˡʲôûУķӣĶȻͱ˺ˣ􏪵ֻǽһõĲݶ⼸Ǹ̨Ƶˡ
ļͽıڣ˷͸磬Ҷݣǵ˶죬ҲڶˡҲҪˣ̨һһ䶼ס
ӶûôƵķӣôֻ֮
پµԭ൱ܸɵˣٻеģǾһĪչ
һжԭʼ״̬ˮҪȥ澮򣬲ҪԼռʹûдͻûУÿʯȡҲƬʯͷûǣӽ
ͷһ𣬲ĥеģƾʵľҧڽһˣֲͽӸˡ
˿ΪʲôĳЩŴϨĻΪ̫ˣҲû
ɽɽԺݸںߣʱ˵òҪǮƵġ֮Ǹˣ˵Ĳˣ෢ǲܳԵģ􏪱ھϼֻϼɱ˴ˡ
Ⱥʼ۸౶􏪲óԣר֮ģԼֻԺʣҲԺʡ
չţڹϲ׺ˮŪһƵļܣõ㡣ȱֻͣܳ˺ˣû
м򵽵ֻ͡ͺͺ͡􏪲ҳԣΪʱȦڲ±ߵģ˵йﳤΪԺǱؾҪʳ࣬ܲ͵ζԸԣ֥飬ҽȱǲͼ۸ߣͺ͵ļ
ʱ޷ޣֻܽϽʣĳˣ֮ҽҩѣЩҵѾʣ޼Ȼ͵ģҪҵʳ͵Ʒ
ⲻͿԺ˶۵ҬӣҬǶõʳͰֻǸߴɵҬΪģֻæˡ
Ļ洫˺ӵ㣬ɾʲôǲ˵ҼĸˡʱѾſڡ
ھϼҵĶ˼飬ͷһ˼ˡ
˼ʮ꣬úǻ飬̫ɹúڲŵĵڶ丸Ϻ˺ȢŮӣڴ¸ϺԽ꣬ͨٻ˼ѧ˹ٻܸ􏪽􏪾ȫˡ
ɾҰæѰһҬӵˣҸѰˡмóȺӻҬӰɡ˼һ꣬Ƶǰ
􏪿겻ʮ꣬ݳƤ˼黹кڼȣͽѾΨһĿӶó˲ݵ߹ɱ棬Ψһ˫۾ںڷ
걻˼һѣѸٶ㵽ȥˣ·ǿ¹࿡˫􏪱Բλ
΢Цô̫ˣûгӿԽѹեͯ
˼ɴ۾ҡͷܣҲôĸӣֻժⶫ̫ߣζһ㣬ǶԣɾҪ
􏪺⣬ҬӲóҬ֭ǶõȻϰҬӵƷ⣬ǵ˲ζ;ҪܶҬӣܽĶժ̫СˣȫܸܲҸ
һһҬȥ˫ֱסɣŰסɣһؾʹһأĿɿڴ
ϵһ룬ɻͷһ£􏪵ı飬¶ССĵ⣬һڷӦˣ溰Ͻȫ
ᣬ˶ˣȲסɣһֻסһҬšҬӵ̫ʵš£ɿֻȥšڽҬšӵϡ
ľҲ̫ˣҲ̫Σˣ֣õȥժ̫Σˣ
˼ҲȰ֤Լˣ㲻ٳǿܿ
􏪳Ĵָ̫ˣȵһ£Ҹҵ㶫ȥ
ò˼ͷЦ÷ǳʼգû˵
ļȥһ𶼿ˣһ磬Ѿˣ˵㺣ΣϸӼš
£˭ˣ
һŤͷ֮пűߣһְڸ԰׵ϻźˮȻʮʹࡣ
􏪸ϽȥôˣϽȥ£˺˿ڡڼҵСժҬӡ
ʲôҭӣ֮һͷˮ
􏪷ش£ſϵĹӣԳԵġѾˣպҩٳԣȥæġ
֮˸̣ˡܣΪ·ǡ˺֮ǰҸչ˵°ɡ
􏪰֣أǰչңҲѧչԼˣһǶߣҲڶЦʲôˡ
֮Ҳ˵ҪǴǰ϶⻰ЦʱգҲףûʲôǲܵġ
􏪲˻ǸߣԸѾԹ԰κѣɾˡ˴ͷذף֮˵ĵһá
֮æֻȥǡҪУοǵСʱġ
ذ׳ȥˣ˼ͼǵһ£ȥȥ
ڳҰݵԺתһȦҵһٱֲ;˼ϸŤӣԼ֣
߽􏪽ϵڼ䡣̼ͨ죬һԲԼϱȻӣֽ쵽ߣɵҬϣһֽˣôץӣܸһ㱣
˼鶼ԲۣȻô˼ߴټһԡ
סӼֱǸۣǳֹһ˼˵ɾ˵̫ˣ㡣
˵˵㣬ǰȫɡذ״ȥȻҬӸֽ֮ذ׹䡣
һμôƯĵ۾˼鶼һкӹȻϲԼҲϲذס
˰ȫڷüժҬˡɾʮ㣬ǰѷذ׽͸Ҭһʣø
􏪵õһԲҬӡôҲǸ⣬һ˿϶㲻æ


2 Ҭ
ժҬӣ􏪸˼ͭǮҲ˼һʵ̫ˣ̫ıꡣ
õöͭǮֱԼ۾ͭǮ􏪣ߴߴ˵˺ü
˼ͣ˵ɾ̫ˡ
􏪰֣࣬ţӦõġֻܸô࣬Ҫ١
䣬ͻȻͨһ¹ڵϸ˸ͷ
һϽжϥлƽ𣬲Ҫ¹򡣡
ǣȻȥԷҿҬӡ
˼黶ϲϲӦˣżһˡ
􏪽ͼ֮ȥԼҲ׼ԷȴԺ춯һҬӰ߽ˣǼһʯͷҬӣűѾźҿƤҬˡ
ޱȾȣûȥԷ
ͷ􏪣ں¶ӵЦݣȻҡҡͷ
û뵽⺢ôʵϣͭ壬;ռ˴ˣûԾҬӡ
ؼңʢһࡣ
ޱȾнֲڱ󲻿Ͻ롣
Ȱ԰ɣ㲻ԷҸɻء
ǲ࣬ʢ֮ĺһ㱴࣬ɿڡߵĺôһǮһѺʡʵ˵􏪸Ǯһ˵ȷʵһʾ޿
ʵ㣬üӹֱ졣
Цˣ԰ɣҸɻҾͲǮˣٷ͵Ǳꡣ
ô˵Ŷ˹룬תҪȥȣҲҪ
􏪽˽סβŪﻹвˣԵ㣬ɻ
ؿ􏪣һſʼͷࡣһڣ۾ˣŤͷ􏪿һۣȻǺ⡣
􏪿ı飺ǲǻܳԣòã̫Ӳˡ
æҡͷ˵ʲôûΪֱ硣
ֻЦЦû˵ͷʼԷ֮󣬳ԵһֱǲףΪӹˮƽĥɾ̫ʱҲױȾϣϾһ㿷Ƥ
õʱżԲ׷ΪӪٶٶԾͻɤӣΪʵڲ׷ɿڡûɷ֮࣬ǲˣҲҪʳ
Ϊÿڸкһ㣬׷ˮݷٰ࣬Ҳ׽󿪡ô׷úóԣ􏪵ľһ˸߶ˣϾ֮Ϳʼоӽˮרֲˮġ˲ȻҲԴ׵ĿڸҪʳֵҲǹһ֡
רҵʿ˵׿ڸ̫ӲˣԸĿռǳ􏪴һһˮƷ֣ʴʢضϰ뵺ǰ뵺ȽϽ֪ûлǱŪڵĴƯ
Էٶȷǳ죬􏪲ųһ룬ͽˣȥ΢΢ЦЦǸͦڿĺӡ
ȥ֮ʱ֮ʣ£㷽˭˵
ͷ󣺡ԺҪҵˣ˲֪ҵ𣿡
֮ԣ¶ɫ֪
􏪽֮ͣǰժҬӵĺӣҿҬӡ
֮ȻʲôҲ׷ʣֻʱ޷ɾ࣬ɾǧġ
􏪵ͷҶá˵ȥˡ
ôҬȡҬ⣬Ѿ˴µ뷨ҬҪҬزͣûƱڻֻܿ飬ǿǸ󹤳̡
ǰȥǹΣһƬҬأЧ൱ãҲȥҬϵĺƤʡһֻҪӲȺܸߵ̶֪ܴܲƣУԶˮҲⲻ˽ʡǾ֮ذԣ
ȥҬƤҲǸɲ£ҪСʯͷӲңЧѣǳ˲˵ȥûʹѡȫ߹Լ壬ŵ̫үֻʾ磬ʲôʱɹֻ
Լ󣬱һԵؽ˵ùȥһһ
􏪿ϸϸӾŴ˵еľ˵㵱һ㣬絽Լ֡
̧ͷ¶һЦҬӣַҪˣǸɻĺ֡
􏪵ָ£ҬӺȥˣ¶ĺɫӲǡ
ɾ߹޹ò˵ҬӴж翪ַҬ֭һأʣµĵﳢ˳һɵҬ㣬Ϊʲô˲Ҭ֭ΪҬ̫鷳
􏪽һΪҬʼذ׹Ҭ⣬ҬӲѹû˿ϡ
ҬǺöӪḻ˵Ҳܽ⼢ݵİӦּģһļģˮ죬ôģǲȱԵġ
ȵؿĶĻ
ͣң
ӦȥԼҬӡ
ʱ˼ˣ􏪱ôصذȥҬ⣬ֱʹļסɿܻؼңӼһɫǸ􏪣ҴӺ߼ģǳӲɾܲá
􏪿һ£ӦĳִĹͷǳӲ縫״Ķ˱β˵ǺԲ˫濪еذҪȫˣãл
ͷڽ£ҬΣ㷽ˡȡҬ⣬Ҳֲ˶ã˼ܸɣֻðѻͽӸɡ
􏪺ܲ⣬ǰҲ̫ˣҪúöС
æһ磬􏪵߹Ҭء
һڣҲһƬ͵ƶûУóࡣ˯ţԺһЩѬӣҹɴּӣҹҬ͡
Ҭؼˮ˳Ҭ֭пʼҬ֭Ҭ֭еĲţ̳ʣµˮͼˮָɵʣµľҬ͡
æ˴ҹջһҬͣˡõҬ͵ĵһ£ɺѾõĵյﵹһ㣬Ȼȼо􏪿ŶĹߣùЦӴԺۼҲ͵ˡ
ﴫ֮Ŀ͵ƹȥˣ֮ﲻ
֮ŻƵƹе􏪣ɾûЪϢ
ͷϣ˷ܵ˵ûУڰҬ͡㿴;Լġ
֮ȵ􏪣ɾζûĶ􏪾Ȼ֪͡
˸ѣǰھʱ־ᵽ㳢һû뵽ɹˣЩȤζ˵ͣҲˡϲ̵ģ취ܱడ
֮СͰң֪飬󲿷֪й˲ʱҲëɾˡ
ЦŰ֣޷ǰڹţȱúܣöټ粻ֲܿᡣ
֮⻰ʱޱȾȣǰ³Կģÿյγ̶ܶ㣬ʶǿ׳ĺôˡ
ͬʱֱοԸ壬ζѾӹȥĴˣʵԸڵ
ɾԼǣʱˣɾЪϢˡ֮
􏪴˸ǷҪȥ˯˵תȥ˸ڻ촰ķ䣬ǹ⿪ʼ˯
ǿգţⷿҪץʱˣһηӾûˡֻǮ֪Ҭܱͺðɣȥԡ
ڶգ􏪼˼˼Ҭӣÿͭ塣ԼҲˣ˵ǲҪǮæ֡
ޱľмС߰Ҳһ²壬û£ӱȼ΢õ˼ɹҲһڣôĹﻹӵܡ
̲סʼأ
ںڵۿ˵˼˿ˡ
ûˣ
˼鿴żԥһ˵и֣ȥˡٸץأܻؼҡ
􏪵ɴۣȻк
˼ѹɾǻˡҲǻˣǹٸ̫ˡҪöö飬òٸߣӣĶΪ˲飬ˡٸɽͺ͹ٸСİѹٸˣˡﱻٸץˣڹٸֻʣ¼ˣǺܿġ
ҧأ⽨ȻǸ˵ᣬֱǴϺڵ¡
ݸڵسǣʢǵصĲҵڵĴӴ廧ʮа˾ŶǲˣԴ˰
ǰ궬¹򰲹ʧ򶫱Ķֳ֮밲޽Լÿ챦о顣
ԼƮƮһ仰ȴǰԳܵĴɽⲻѹ˼һҡ
һѣԼҲûжģڴȫˡȥͣ˳·Ǹǵıꡣ


3 
һգͿʼեͣҲû˵ͣӶؿæ֪ʲôҲ͡
ҬեͼûмҲռһϢıˣһ֪Ҭե͡
ҬͻǮֻܽȼü֮ĿǰҲҪ⣬ҪҲˡ
Ҳˣһ׼ݵĶůͣҲһ㵥ģҪ׼һıӡ
Ҭӵĳʺֻܲǹֹ߲֣ҬȡҬأЧ̫͡æһ죬Ҳֻ߹ͣԼʮӣݸˮˡ
֪֮ҪϽͣӦ쳣ɾ򲻿ɣȵͼ֮£ҵգ˺Щˣȥ
Цʿụ̃ȷʵȻ̲ԶʱҪɼκһʱ벻ףǵͼ֮أҿκκ¶ûиߵ͹֣֮ƽȣҲֻǷֹĲ졣÷ͼȻȱǣ
֮ؿ􏪣֪µôðͷ̫ˣɾļҵѧ˵
˵ӼңҾúǡͷͷ๤ɼȻһûǣһ޴ķӡѵЩ˲Ӧֵ𾴣
֮һĳ棬òͷɾԼǡ˼ķʽɵޱѹǵ¼λضǸӵӣ°յʧ
˵㰲ˣҴ顣Ҳ͵ԼԷˣڹ޹֮»Ҫ̤ʵöࡣ
֮ɾѶ֮޻˵ֻɾҪעΣ
􏪵ͷԻСġ
ڶʱУ􏪱ˣнǵýʱһжδ֪ȥ̽顣˼æ⺢ӻ٣ʶҲ˵ġ
һԼѸϣܹܲӽǡشϵ􏪵ѣ䶼ˣôûôѡ
ͬϱʱڣ޻Ÿոմйڱ߽ԭδֲ͸Զˡ
Ļ壬·˿֯ƷΪΪϴֲҲĥÿͥҪһҹһ˵š
􏪹˲ϼɬÿ·˸һ¨Ȼأ􏪿ɲһˤǾȫ˷ˣڱס߹޿ðŽҶܷ⣬ܻһ㣬ⲻ
ʱɫǳ·壬􏪻˻ѣˤӣϾ͹ޡ
¶ʪأʪ˵°ڡ􏪱߱ͬ˵˵ٻ􏪴죬ֻżԸĳһֵĹٻĹٻ˵ñȸãɼ⺢ӲûѧǲԸѧǱʶﻹǱȽϿܸٷйصһС
պѧٻˣҪæԲͨ㽻􏪼ȻҪס£պҪ±ض٣Լ϶ˣûչˣҲ֣˳շһ¡ȻҲѧһѧף뵱ᡣ
áֻ˼̵һ֡
îʱ̣ڵִݸǣɫ΢ٽİնڳȴš
Ƴġġġģ߹Ѽ⣬ᡢͷԵġɷ֣ȥڵмо֮
􏪺ͼվȺ֮⣬ͷŸߴĳźͳǽǽָֽʵ뱴ົ֪˶
ʵĳǽ෴Ե̫ݳˣֻнש߽ṹĽһ룬µĶǸ􏪼һéݶΪݳ˵С
ݵ½֮źϿ͢ǰںϿ½ңݵʼڵݸݸԭسڡسǣҲǹġ
îʱ̣ڿˣ룬ᷭһ°յңʿ롣
􏪽ŵʱ򣬻ס˼䡣Լǽ£ɵȴǼĻʵǿɡҲûԷһ߹޸ˣԷŽŽɵطС
ȥмм˺ܶ࣬еҡڱ˸ɾĵط¨£һͲҨһͣʢҬӿɵˮһ
ϡĲ٣˲ûСһǱ˲ʶҬͣ􏪿ǲܣû׼ԣҲ᲻͡
ʶⲻ͵ĵطʰϼ뿪ֱȥӡ
׽ףƷٵÿǽ׵ٵÿҲЩζƷֻǮ˲ųԵ
ƽǱߵļձȽϷݱ˲ҲԲ𣬵ƵҲ࣬ΪҲ
􏪵ξʹģҲˣһ⻹Ǻֳɵģȡˮ󼴿ɣʱǻʹɹη½˵μ۱Ҫ߳һ
סںߣݰҲγԣٸ˽Σ˾ĳĴڳ͢УһʧأǴҵס
ΪΣʮһģġ
􏪱ű¨⣬Ƚ¨£üţԼһ·ȥ
ƼǱãǴµģΪ˴ˣϽӭӣ͹ٿҪʲôϺõĽ´ס
􏪿һȦҡͷԱҬͶ߷ζԴ㣬ĲҬͳۣ
գһۣҬͣڵֻͣͣ͡͡͡û˵Ҭͣ͹ٲ˰ɣ˵Ҭʲôͣ
΢΢һЦҬͱҬե͡
ƵɴۣҬեͣҴδ˵
˵ҽձʶһ¡
գ۾߹ݵģģ
􏪳֣ͱ
ԣ˵һ¨ȥһΪʲôΪϰ壬ȥȴֻԵûݣͻס̵Ļơ
쳤˲ӣȥ􏪵ı¨􏪴߹ޣʢһͣڷڹ̨ϣ뿴
ƴչȥϸޱȣȺճԵͣеҬζҬ𣿿͹ƵҬ͵ģ
􏪵Цͱ֮ͳɫΡ
˵Сļʶ٣˵ƹ
˸ƣϢһ˳ˣ˵͹ٴ͹С϶Ͱδ˵Ҭ͡
􏪳̨һ̧֣뿴
ƹ񳯹̨ϵҬ뿴һۣҬģǱ¡㣬ָմһ㣬ָͷַŵﳢ˳͡
Цм٣Ҵһ˹Ƕ֮
ƹ̧ͷ´􏪣겻ȻŻǱãУһڱ׼ǴӱĹˣܽʶ˹ˣҲǼʶ㣬㹧ɾɾմҬΪ
􏪹ֵĳԽҵˣ󱦵أ˺ӵһȻ̲ʣ޼ҼʳԱɼ֮֮ͣ͡ȡҬͣһΪԼ̲ҲΪذոһ
ƹ˵ùûʣΪҬͣЦɾ˼Ƿмۣ
ףɣֱƹɡʵԷ±˵㣬Ϊ۵ĻԷ϶Ͳ᲻ˣ֪ʲôʱꡣ
ƹʣɾۼΣ
˵ҬȡҬӣʿȺ͡Ⱥ׵ãԿ˵ʮġֱƹһΣ
ƹƬ̣ġҬǴδδóȥ
˵ģ١
˫ּۻۣ˫ÿĳɽ􏪲øʵ۾
ʮһٰʮġͣȥҩ֮ץҩֻؼһ鲼һɲʮģһɲķѵʱ;ҪեͶˡСũãԸ㣬Ҽ֯ײ򲼣гСԱˡ
ּЬԼһ˫żĽһ˫ֹĽҲһ˫ÿ˫ġҪԼЬҪûЬˡ
Ʋ֣ӲЬͲЬ˷ѣһ˫ˣܳ졣
􏪲֪ƣ˵ЬʱֻܴЬˡЬյѣպҷˣЬ
Ťͷ􏪣ӣΪʲô􏪶Լôá
􏪲ԼԼãͼˣο⻹ͯΪϰ壬ԼԱһ㣬ѵӦ
ʱ򣬿·ըӵģÿմˮһǮմˮһǮĴϡ
Ĵմ˷ˮģϰ˼һԼʣµðŽҶű¨ȥմ˷ˮ͹ʵζǳϡ͵̫ˣǼԵδ˼δǣƽʱٳǡ
õһٰʮģѾȥ룬»߰ʮġͦгɾ͸УҲǻȥ


4 ̨
֮һ޶û˯̤ʵΪĵȥˣʧְûչ˺õ¡
δڳţŵµǧ֮ųص͹ôԶ·͸оڱﻹɵסյſڣ􏪾кһˡűվã׻û׷ȥڵֻܸҡ
һֱȵͣ􏪶û֮􏪣æεط֣
û֮ǰ֮ǻˡ游ȻʴɽսպգͷΪ丸浱ʱδλľƽƽ֮ңΪ
֮ΨһжϮ˻λƽ۽ԼŮһ֮ԼСһͬ󣬸ơ
􏪱֮Ҫ£ڷӵеһС⵹ĳЩ˵жд̣􏪻жɽĻᣬնݳһʵϣ֮ֻһΣûκʵȨ
֮һҲǴСţΨһԵĿͷϰ䣬ʮȥӪ꣬Ҳδ¹
􏪻ʱ򣬷Ũ̴ԼݶðΪ˻𣬸ϽȾܣһԭ̨֮ջŻ֮ȥ̣֮һͱһ߿ԣʣ֮ʲôۡ䣬̲סЦ
֮ʵӴ˿̿Ȼèմ˲ٹңȫȻ̧֪ͷ􏪣ظ˵ءȿȡ
􏪸Ͻ±¨֮úϢôɻˡСı˺˿ڣϽȥš
ںˣ􏪲Ÿߴ֮ûʲô飬֮󣬱еﲻסϽתȥ͵Цˡ
֮⣬Цʣǲʲô
˵еңһ
̧֮ĨĨԽĨԽڣ􏪶̲סЦˣŪˣԽŪԽè
֮Ͻջ֣Լֲֻ֪ʲôʱմ˹׻ңʱЩΣ
􏪵ͷµˡ治ҪģͺáһΪ˭ѷӵˡ
Ҳ̫Ū
ǲŪҲòײѧᡣ
֮£Σ
˵ϲ̵ģСˣÿġ۸еͣޱҲǲ
ģ֮ȵô࣬һģҲ̫ˡ
˵ǲ󣬵ȥͲˣϾ˻֪Ҭ͡
֮СʳȴΪСǮ۳ֻޱ᣺ɾˡ
ЦЦáǳ顣
֮ȻԼʶԶԶʵۿҲ뵽»һˣ֮ϨĻֺȻǺִضǳ֮㡣Ҫģǻõȫģʱɡ
􏪲֪֮ʲô˵ҸץЩҩڷģõġӺãϢ죬´ˣջǾԱȽϺáõģء
֮ͷáӾⳡ֮􏪾ͱ;ԼҪǿԼӦ
􏪳ʱ򣬿Ѿϵ·СؼţŪŪˡ􏪽¨鲼ó鲼ȥ˰һѡ
ˣԭⲼǸԼģŵҡͷʾҪ
˵ţպͺⲼĹǮҹܷ
ɴۿ·Ⱥ£ɻзԣ·ЬӴ˵㿴Ҭô࣬Լ϶꣬ǰæҲҪ㡣
վ˺һֹӹǿ鲼Ҫ¹򣬱ץס˸첲ֹˣ˺һһתҪ뿪ֱ􏪽סˣһ£һ͹ȥԡǳ˷͹ҵæҪæء
ͷùɿˣЬڼϣŻǹŵġ
ȸ֮ҩҩȥʱһ͹ӹȥһ˼顣
֮⴮͹ӵʱ쳣ȣɾǰҵͯ𣿡
ЦЦҩ̫࣬͹еζࡣǲ̫𡣡
֮􏪣ɾǷã
􏪵ͷȻҳԹˣǸģ԰ɡ˵תˡ
лɾ֮􏪵ıӰǰڹУϻ߻ʺʹЩʲôöҪһ㣬ĵ£˼࣬ûܽж
˼̵س􏪸͹ӣȥҵɽϿһӣ˺ôһⱲӶûԵôĶһ˵һˮ
һ֪ɽĶ𣿡
˼˵ɽϺܶģܿµģһͱˡҵȡʱ򣬱ݵ죬ͷһ
˵ɽȥɡ
˼ɴۣɾҲҪۣ
􏪵ͷţŪ㡣ڷۣҪҪ۷䣬Լ䣬ûж죬һļʻ۷ӦòѣԼԣǮôȱǣ۲ˣ׼䡣
˼æ֣ɵģɾᱻݵġ
а취
һֱļ˵ȥ
􏪳弪Цãһȥ
􏪵ЦݣֺˣɾúÿЦǺÿˡ
˼Ҭֽͣһ˳ǡƹûۣͬʮҬͣ˵жҪ١ҬͱԤڵĺв֮ʵ˼ңԺӹҬ÷ǵ
􏪱㽫õϰٽҬ˹
ĩ˺ƹͬҪͷӣԸ⻨߼չһ˼Ӧӣ֪Է϶ҲԹҬֻͣûԼĺãŵֻʱ⣬ҬջļڿˣҲûҬ׬Ǯ˾ȼ
˫ּۻۣ԰ӵļ۸񽫷˺ƹ
൱вͥ룬ǮȫԽӷһˡ
֪֮͵ķˣЩ⣬ϾĿǰıǮ
􏪽ͣҬ򵥣ƹŵ̫࣬ҿɲһɡ
֮ЦˣɾȻɡ
⻹􏪵һμ֮ЦЦÿĻһͻȻðʣգգۣ񣺡Ǯˣýһ·ˡýˮԺǾͲ׳ԡ
լǸ޴ԺӣеأլȻˣزûлķϣĴһֱţΪ¿ѵĵ״ʱոչˣ㲻ˡ
􏪴֣һ죬ʱÿԲֵˮͿոˡֵأæ
֮ѾöˣµػˣޣѾˡ
б㻹޷ӣ
֮ҭסˣګګᡣҿѧ
ЦӯӯģԸѧҲʦ̰ҵȥҸʦ˽һ飬׸ô޲űȽϺá
֮􏪵ЦҲĪ˲١֮􏪵ı仯ȷʵе󣬴ǰʲô¶հǰ˺󣬿Ǻܶ࣬ҪԼ뵽ʲôȥһصӡ
Լ˾ǣҲÿǻϻʺĿ˶οת䣬¾͸ôŹҵġ
׼޷ӵʱͻȻ죬ޱȣгë״ĸơо˵쫷Ҫˣ˶ٴУ˶ݶӹԼҵĲݶ
Щɵ̨ۣͨ綼ļƵ＾ǳˣⶼũˣȻ̨硣ؼƷӵס갡
􏪼æ֮ݶʣµĲݶ¹̶һ£ⱻˡ
ҹĻһˣ֪ĸģص죬ǺžꡱӲϡ􏪵ԷʱʱҶݡ֦ȶһķܴⷿˣᵽ֮ķ䡣
֮´ŷ􏪵ķ¶ģҪ􏪻䣬ûͬ⣬˵ͻ޷ˣϲԼǼ䡣ӷݵĽṹǼȷʵң֮ûмֻ䣬˭֪ӻû޺ã쫷ˡ
ֱײĴܣ·ҪһСڰУֻážһ죬􏪲µĳݶƵˡһֹһӶ˹
̾ϢƳ䣬𴦵ĶòˡǼӹ̵Ҳֻõһ䣬⼸ûôŪ
֮˵þͺáҶ˵
˰ҹž޴ĵʱڴϣֻһ죬ؼ䱻ճ˰磬һһ룬֮§˹
􏪣Ѳӻ´硣
֮§ͷԼѹ±£ڡ
􏪣´ܿ׹Ӧԭ£ͷ󣬴ʲô簡
¡¡·ֱڷըģܸоڲ֮סĶ䣺££ûµġ
Լͯˣ֮˵Ҳ¡
ͬʱ𣬽ûˡ֮ûĿ飬ֽȥˡ


5 
􏪿˼Σ֮ûſֱʧˣűſ
һעһֱûôͣµҹéݶˮ׽͸´꣬С꣬©ԽԽ󣬽Ѿ˯􏪺֮ˡ
϶ʪˣ⻹ô˯˴ﵽ©ˮīڵģ֪Ķ©ˮȥƣȥţڷﻩ죬·ٲƵˣŵϽŹϡ
ת˺þãһС鲻©ˮĸأûеӣֱֲϣֻվǶû취ͷûеӺءˣһҪľŵӣ롣
ڰУ˯Ҳû˯ŹǷ˵û뵽Ȼҷ޺֮ǰ쫷硣©ƫ걩꣬⾭һˡ
§סļ磺ɾˣ˯ɣһ㣬ˤġ
ĨһУ㻹Ǹأ˯ɣ㡣
֮˵􏪱ţûס̫ᣬǳĶꡣ
ʱɫѾ΢֮֮ǽ۾˯ˡ
ϻˣϽվֱ壬ͽˣ̧˰βŻָ֪֮뿪ԼʱҲˣ϶ദҲ״̬Ͼվ޲ľǲܵġ
Ѿͣˣȫʪˣݶеطڵˮ
􏪿յüģ´η޷ӵʱһòݶˡҲ̫ˡ
⼸䷿ﻹˮǽʪˣҲ̶á
ȿųȥ􏪲֪ҵĲֹһң˼Ҽһ⣬©ˮݶƶõģ˵˼﷿ӶεˣûԱ
ⳡ쫷ƻ˵ҲǼΪģܶһӶδ쫷硣
ΪɥǣĻҲȥˮˡеĲҲˮˣѻȷ첻ˡ
􏪿ʪ磬ᣬ֪ʱܷ磬ҪԲˡ
􏪻Ǿȥϼҿû׼ܽɲϺݶݶ􏪣ͣʣɾҷû°ɣ
􏪿Ц˲٣ûƵҲ©ˮݶˣڲ˴ꡣ񶼱ʪˣɲ𡣡
Ϻ֣ʲôȥҺáϵ˲ٵݺ͸ɲ䡣ҷ귭޼Ӹǲݶʧ
􏪹ֵллϴ硣
ȥϼӣȡЩɲ׼ȥ˼鼱ҴҽţȵɾҼңҪȥءҷˣûطȥˡ
ϺʣأϽǼ
˼˵ҽˣǲ
²ݣ˼飬ϽȥҸ˺üĶ
˼Ͻȥڵķʲôһޱ᣺ʲô
ͷ􏪣ԭѾֹסˮˣҭ˵ɾɾĲû
ͷһȥ͵ʱ򣬸ö˳һɲѡϼӣϼ⼸æûϣڼû뵽·ûⳡ쫷ͰѷӸˣҲڷˡ
˵ҪˣͷٸǸϽߣȥҼҡ
˵ȥ􏪼ңϽ˵ûһƴ粻ϷҲϽȥæ
􏪼ִģûôִˣ̤ŵķȥһץסһ˵˱ˣû
֣ҵˡȻڵϣƴҵһѹľͷӣῪľͷƬҵһ鱻ˮŪ鲼
̾ˣҵ߰ɡ
ߣְһأҵһ˫Ь׹ԼĲͲЬڹЬһζû
ҵЬҵЬҲˡ
˵Ҫˣͷٸ򡣡
ñ􏪴ؼСʵҲò˶٣ûһأֻǽڣһǿݶ
􏪸Ͻˮüϴˮ裬Էջʪȼյһ̣􏪱ǺÿԲѣ֮æԽԽæ􏪸ˡǼϴ裬􏪵·æˣСѾͷС±ˡ
쫷磬û˳Ҳûˣ􏪱ЩھǶ㣬Ըһ١
Էʱ˵ҷˣҲûطȥԺͺסɡҸɻҲٸǮֻṩʳס
ûԥá
óܸˡ
֮һۣû˵ֻЩĵؿ˿ưܵķӡ
˵쫷һ޷
þڼסڿ죬һѺ֡û˳ԣ㱳˳ͷȥԺ﷭׼ֲˡǶܸɵС֡
֮״ԼҲûˣĵ²ˡ
ڵڶ̨ѳ׹Ҳˣ·ǰϵı궼һΣķݡƷݶԼľⲻΣʵ
􏪺ܿҵ߽ѯ޷ˡʦһͣ􏪲ΪݷݶΪݶԵ쫷࣬ǿ쫷һ߶ݶӲƷˡƬһˤ飬ݶֵΣͿԡ
һƬɵĳͷǻῪģǿ£е㲻ģΪݶҲףʱҪ˵´꣬С꣬ϵľѾܹˣپЩ߶ķӾͲ±𣿡
ʦͣΪһϹŴɳ϶ɣ۹Ҳޣʮ֮ѣֵ÷൱鷳
ճϼɵһΪʲôʯҺŴƳŴ׻ҽճϼ˾ôɵģϵĽǧ궼
ʣʦΪβʯɳ
ʦɻҡͷʯңû˵
􏪺⣬ѵŴ׻ҽûȥʯң
ʦ˵ߵӱУ߻ɾҪʯҵճϼ൱ˡ
ʯô󣡡ӷתһ£Լʯҡ
ǵݾп˹صò˵ϲȱʯңҪȥңǾͽҵҵʯңʯճƬû׼ʯ׬һʡ
ʯҵƷȽϼ򵥣ʯʯ1000ҵĸ£̼ƻֽΪƺͶ̼Ҫԭϣʯʯľ
˵ɾ͸ɣ􏪵ڶձ㿪ʼȥʯҡ
֮δȫҲҪһš
􏪲ȥſǲҪһȥˡż˼ڸߣ̫Զ
֮􏪣ֵѾްɾаɡ
􏪿ᶨ񣺡ðɣһȥ
˼˵Ҫȥɽر˷ܵص򵼣ɾҪȥҷ𣿡
􏪲磬ɲÿȥҷ⼸ճһ׷䣬óִ˷ͳͷ˳ȥڷѡ
ӣ˼鱳ŷ䣬ųͷһšֻңҲȥϼҪѣԸϽ
֮ذףųڴ磬ڼ
ЦôŰɡ
֮Ƴһۣб޻ϰ֮˵ǻ
˼ֻСȸߴߴûͣ􏪽⸽ɽɽҰ࣬ɽдȵȡ
ʣɽʯͷࣿ
ʯͷɽ˼룬ңָԶһɽɽʯͷر࣬ûȥΪɽ
􏪼ĿԶԶȻһʵɽ˴Լһʮӣ˵ɽɽûУҲ̫Զ˵㡣㻻˸˵֪Ķʯͷࣿ
˼˵ʯͷǰͷһ㣬һܰʯɽǶéݣʱʯͷ档ˣʯﻹ᳤һҰУȥεȥӰɣˡ
􏪵ͷȥ
˼Ĵ£ǵִʯɽ􏪿ŴƬ಻ϵĻҺɫʯͷɵ¶ЦݣǵȫѹҪʯҡ
˼һʯϱ˱ģ˵
Цˣлл˼顣
֮Ťͷ􏪣¶һͺͺɽЦʲôɽر֮
􏪿һۣر֮Ҳ;ѾڴΧĵΣˣʯͷȥ̫ܲʵ͵ʯңչʯұʯͷᡣ
˼һҰУ˵ɾҪҵķûС
˵Ǿȥҷ


6 
ʯңѾˡ죬ݹϵҰ⻹ܿҰӰҰȻٲ۷䡣Ҫ׷۷ټ˵Ľ̫ܣϾ۷ôСһСľ׷ˣҷȫƾ
􏪿һֻԶ۷䣬̾ϢҪ׷ֻ۷ҵѾͺˡ
˼ҡͷ׷ϵģ̫Сˣɵ̫ˡ
֮ͻȻꡱһҶŤͷ֮һҰջϣ˵Ǳ׷ǸңҪ̫
Ǽ˶ס˺ҳ
ֻС۷ھջϷȥæµһһֻڿշ̧֮ŸȥĽŲֿ죬ǷӶȫ˳Ҳô̧ͷֻż̧ͷһе۷䡣
˼ѹʣɾɾҵ𣿡
˵֪ɡǳ֮ٶȣѵǾϰ֮˵Ĳ˵֮Ṧһֱ̫ṦĴڣϾǰ衣
Խ˼Ϫ߹ƬľԣִһƬ֣ڣ֮ĽŲͣˡ􏪴׷ȥʣôˣ
֮˵ʧˣӦþڸ
Цԭ۷񶯵׷ģĶҲ൱ĺãǿ϶ڸˣϸҡɽתҪõö࣬ΧСˡ
Ǽ˷ͷڸҡľԡݴԡʯ춼۷ĵطǼ
ϹȥһɽϵʯУв۷ɽɳӷ䳲ˡ
˼ʮ˷ܣɾǰڳɡ
á
֮ǰҪѻ𣬽۷Ѭߣᱻ۷ݡΪѺܶ๦򣬵ǻã֮ʯַҪˣƻǸйأ֮ײһ²Զʤ
ڷ䳲棬󲿷۷䶼ѬˣЩûԶ͵ˣ􏪾ͦģֻȡۣռһЩ۷ȥ
һû۷ɳ˱Сؽ䳲ʯɾܿ죬ҾͿһ޴ķ䳲һһǶʯУ濴߰˸֮࣬滹֪ж١
˼˻ˣööڻȥ
Ҳܸˣû뵽ջôḻҪ̫̰ģһЩȥˣһЩ۷Ժ۷䣬ԼڼҲˡ
֮⻰ǳŤͷһۣǻ˵һЩĻҪСӣ
Ҫȥȡ֮סˣ
􏪿һۣáŪ漸ͺãĸ۷š
֣֮¶߰˿ȡ˳Ƶķۣɢ˵ζ
һ򵭶ļ̲ס˿ˮЦ˶һС
Jˣζ鼫ã֮϶¶õɫ
һ鲻СķŽȻ󽫷̶ڷ䳲Աߡ
˶ؿĶ˵ͻ۷ˣʱǾͰ۷ȥ
֮ʣɾε֪ӣ
˵ֻԡҲû۷ȥץֻҲһȺ۷ҲӿСȻǶٴܽľ顣
֮ͷ֮
ŰŽҶķͷ棬֮ùȥţ􏪡
뿪ʱмֻ۷ѭζ˵׷ڷϣ􏪼ˣҲûϣҪԸȥܽ
˼δǻ𣿡
˵ˣ̫ˣذɡЩӦкüأ͵ȥҲܻǮҪʯͷʯңҪԼǮٲ˵ġ
һǰ֮ͻȻͣ˽ŲȻ̧ʾһ£漸Ҳͣؿ֮ӣųһԹľȥʱһ죬һֻʰ쵵Ұӹľз˳ȥ
􏪾ϲ˵Ұ
֮תźҪҵĹھͺˡĹϮʱһˡ
̨չϻ̫ƽ񲻸ҳʶ򲻵ˣֻܳɡ񿴵ҰͻȻˣɽҰӦûбĶݳȥûģһѡ
֮һ£ˡ􏪲֪飬֪ģһϺõĹֵʮӣģҲüӣǸûôǮ
˵ȥ˵
ȻûץסֻҰʱ򣬼ڲݴַһֻѣͷֻһ۷䶼һ˻ȥνǴա
􏪷ֲ֣ݴе۷ͷСƺºͣôˣҲ㡣ȥ䳲Ž˷УϣЩС۷ܹҰ
Ϊʹңȥ˼Ŵ׻ĥɷۣҬ͸ըһ͹ӣմûˮķۣԵü۾ֱгԹóԵζ
˼˵ؼҲôΪ˱·􏪸һ
˵һҬͻȥ˵һҪһЩСĸѣҷһСԼԣԡ
ã˼ڴӦ
ʣµŴûдˮ߷˲ٺޤδȿһЩŴ׾ơ
֮ľٶǺܺ棬ƺ⣬ʲô¶ѵ̸ôණУ˭ܽء
գ􏪺֮һϽ֣ңҲûţֲˡµظɻ治óҵˮزֶġ
􏪴ŷֱȥ˺̣˺ƹĽ˶ģȻϡΪ
ƹ˵´λֱۣжҪ١
֮һֱû˵ڹ۲ôƹ򽻵󣬱˵Ժʲô
Ťͷ֮áȻּ̫֮ۻ۵ˣҪ˵Ǳûͻĳ£ҪѧϰͶ
ڳת˸飬ҵ̣ǥ۸൱ˣû취ͷҲǹƷ˲ˡ
ϻרߵӣȥˣ䷿ԼҪӵƬţ˵ķãǮŴ׺ʯҵĳɱݶԼҪӡ
ѹֵ˲߶Ҫǲݶɱʵ̫ˣοǾ޴Ʒһ˼ʵڸ
˳һʯҵļ۸ȷʵ߱ˣһһ͵ͬʯͷ˭ճ߶ҪϽʯҡ􏪿гԼˣ˳㡣
û֮ҪĹ֮ЩģҲЩź
˵´ȥݷݴʷһѹʵҲ̫ȷϾһƽͷգҪʷ治̫ףοǾеҲ״ӾӪó
֮˵ȥԺ˵Ƿʷ顣
ٻȥǰȥһ˼У𼪺òϷֲˣһЩ߲ӡ
·̯ʱŤͷ࿴һۣ־Ȼһţȣʱţˣңţ⣿
ԣ͹ãͷţܣһͷˤȣβã˼ֻýţˡţ𣿡
ͻ࣬ΪţũҪĸ﹤ߣϽɱֻгϲҩҽ֮ʱɱţ
ŵĥʯĥһ飬˵һ
˵ҿһ⡣
ţʱָ֮һ°ϵţӡϽƼ͹ٿʲôˣǸˣһһ
֮һɫĤ״ĶǺ
ܣţĤǸˣһĶţĤ;㣬ͽԳ̰ͼ˵ģûԸԡ
􏪿֮֮ţ
֮ͷ;
Ҳʲô;˳һˣţһġ
֮􏪽ţȥˣ׼ţ⡣֮ţذ׽մţֻ°ɫĽĤθɾ֮㽫Ĥȥš
ҳĴбţ⣬ϧǴУֻСУҲûиϡζҲʳָ󶯣һţܿ˵ףҶԵδ
֮뼪«ˣֻжʾֻС˵ɾĲ˺óԡ
􏪹Цлл佱ǿܳ԰ɡ
˵ɾѧˣԺҸɾ
􏪿ɵСողų̋һ㣬һܹأĻԣ˵ѧұ㡣
ǥܿʯͷˡɽĻɽʯͰ֣ʼɽʯҡȽʯͷգȻˮԭɽʯ
취ʡʯͷǥŪС飬Ϊʯʯ鲻̫ղ͸Ӱʯ
ʯͷͬʱְ˿ʼͽʯҤգʯұ㿪ʼһľһʯͷ̿ľȼյ¶ܽӽ1000ȣҤգ¶ȻߣҪľ̿ʡһЩ¡
պҤȼȫȴȡʯҡ
􏪴ʯҤμëʱȵļ
˿ɾġ
􏪷ǳ죬ĶŪļҪȥʸף֮ˣҸˣһЩ۷䡣
գգۣз£ŶõģҶˡɽϴģ
֮ͷţţһѵһֻɽ򣬿ϧ̫Сˡ
ЦۣĴָܴҰ֣֮


7 Ҥ
֪Ұ˼̫꣬ϳųҧ􏪱㽫Ұֻа׺Σǳ嵭ҶҰζŻ
ǳԵýζԴᵽ􏪼ȻûٸɣԵñůҲΪͷһܳԵóԵģ쳣㣬ɻҲر􏪺ٸɻɣȥһɡ
􏪶嵭Ļʳ̫⣬ÿ˺ʳģֻܼ򵥴ζƷ̫ˣûнͣûĲ˿ζ̫嵭é˽ǡݹݵǲ٣ûнЩϣĶȽϼߡ
ڿ֪ͣͲԭҲϼ͵̣ôҪоһ£ֻܳȥ
ʯҤҤˣͲȥˣʱ䵷Щϼ˼ƶʼ
˳˽ԲϺɹɸ⣬ǲ̲˵ģϾһļֲˣų̲ˡƶ꽴ģҲģûԼ취ûȫ䴫Ҫһ¡
ݵĻƶǱģȻһ죬ˮͣˮԺͳ֣ͻȱʱ͵öˡ
􏪽ƶݷ죬̫ãȻ̳ˮ֣ϴݳۣǳùûӣϣƶܹ㹻ù
Ūûƶֿʼޤ⼸ѾˣռһЩҩĸʲݵҩĵϣĥ׷۰ȣӷͣǴͳˡ
ȾգٽʣµŴˣѾϣձˣӦܸʯҤҤÿףһ¡
֮Ѿľҵ¶κ¶ҶҪԶһѾ߲֣˴֣ܸʲôء
۾æµɾҪʲôóԵģСϹЦݣ¶ǳǳУмգѾԲЩúܰġ
֣˸ӣȲ㣬žͺˡ
洫ϼӵɾڼң
􏪸Ͻڡ£
ϼ˸ӣŲӯһǣһǱС˼˼Դ꣬˼߱һܵܺãزˣϺ޶Լӿøһ
ϼ˵˼˵ɾҪСУҼĸڱѣҷ˶ʮӣǰնˣĸգս׳Щˣ
չȥë׵СƼۣöСÿɰ
􏪸ϽӹлҪǮ
ϼЦ˵ҪǮ˼鷳
˼û鷳Ҳæ􏪵ȻܲǮϼ򼦵һĸСкʮöͭǮϧûгԵģȻС˼ԴһֻСлӷġ
ϼӼͭǮ̫ˡ
࣬˰աͬӶҪǮġƶ˼ңƨɾιޣԼóԼ
ϼ˵ұĸҲģСҼܣպСϼҡȦգιЩ׺ˮԴһЩٷų
􏪹֣ãл
ϼǣСŮ׼뿪һͷﻹżҰ˼ԴӶһݸϼЦŵл뿪
ȼߣ֪ôģ􏪸Ͻ˵¡
ŷŲ񣬶ǽصĹӼݸ􏪣ɾ棬ԡ
һ⨺ôֻûгôӦҰģ𣿡
ˡͷ
һ£еˣ˺Ƥһڣһоᣬеظʣûʳǿˡ
֮ʣµĲŸáŽϵĲŵ¡
􏪽˼ңȻ죬ʡˣԺӲݳøɸɾˮģҲûСҲȵģϴˮҲֳɵģ·Ҫȥϴֹˡ
֮Ҳϴ·ܾˣ˵Լ֣ʳŲԸȨء
ˣԺӵĲ˵Ҳ˳ϡ޽ޯ¡е߲ϣֱð֡
˵߲ˣ􏪾һᣬ̫ˣֻк«ϣȲˣ㶹磨޽ʹļĵĵطûиƷӡ
߲ܲ˲ǹĶˣ޳ˡײˡȲˡЩ߲˵ԭضйﾹȻҲûУͨ㡢Ϣ̫Ҫˡֻưɡ
ƺú􏪰ʣµļŴˣȻϾС﷢͡ۼǿƷƷˡƶѾʼùƻùʱС
ߵ½ţ˲ߵԺѻСɽ􏪻ʦҪ˲ٴӣȥ˼ʯŴ׻׼ճϼһо͵ʯҤҤ޷ˡ
ʯҤҤڵˣ􏪺֮˻µҤŪһɰɫʯͷԽŽˮֻһʯͷˮɢ
˷ܴУɹˣһʯҾôɹҲѹô
Ҥűȫ򿪣¶ɫĿ״ʯң˾̾ѣԭʯôճģƺҲѰ
􏪲°æѧ߼ⱾҲרһ˼Ҷʯҵ󣬸ǷӶֻϣݶǲݶʯҺŴճϼɱ̫ˡ
һҤʯԼãֿʼյڶҤһҤߵȥ߶ϼһػв˼¼ӹԼҷʱʯҵռȻ
ʯƳɹһֵص£аæгԷһˣ˺ʣмص⡢֮ɽҰãҪǣоơŴ׾ƵıڴĻҪɹ
ƵʷʵǳƾãԹ˵ƻǸݳƷΪʳͣԲĻȥƣԾǮ˲ѵġ
Է˰϶ûȹƣŴ׾ζ𣬴ɿڣζ೤Ҷ޿ڲУǮô󷽣ʳҲʢ˭Ը˼Ҹɻء
˵􏪼ҵڶձҪ߶ұҪҪ֡ҪˣԷ˳ƴӦ
û꣬ʯʦĶӱ㼱ҴѰɥ˵Щɱǧˡ
ԭֺһӰϹڴģٸȥڴ飬һǴˡ
ʦ˾ƣ׳Щɴ۾£飬֪飬ôԼºȥ̣Ӳź򣡡
С£ʲôȥ˵
ϺæȰ˵ǧ𣬹ʦպ˵ƣͷϣȥ϶Ҫ͹ٸȻȥٸ˵
СѾƲסˣҺﶼ˵ˣǲߣҪʳ
ʦվңھͻȥȥ
񶼸ϽסʦͻǶŸǲкôģǴļˣ
ע⵽һԳԷļĿͣסˣӦˡ
ϺС˵Ȼȥٸ˵˵ºȥˡ֪ʲôʱأ
Сֱ̧֣һᣬתҭˡʦȰ̾ɱǧĹٸ˻·
̾Ϣɲǣվ͸˰ɡǰһһأһأ鳤Ҫʱ𣿵׻ò˻
􏪵һٸ飬ʣôյģҼҶҪ𣿡
ϺͣԴΪλǰһһգҲ࣬飬ʱһҲδֵϣһĻأļҶӲ
鶼ȻģıļʺСɣʡ
ϺͷǳǳСʱãɼٸ鱴ҲδؿóһǳͲɾˣһˮ㸹Ĳ˲ǰΪ̸ɫ䡣
üͷ;󣬱ЩΪһ֮˽Щ˲Ƶ£ʵڿɺޣ
鱦Щûʵ;ҫƸΪ£ȻǸ˵ᣡ
֮һֱû˵ô˵̲סס
˶Թʦ˵ʦ轻飿ܸܲ˽һӦ
ʦҡͷ̾ϢҪһŴ顣˭Ը谡
ɲð졣޵ģԽʱԽҲԽϡУܲɵȫƾ
ϺͻȻŤͷ˵ɾǲæˣóȥ顣
ʦĨһ᣺ǽɡ
һҲʾԼˣҪȥ顣
􏪿Ǳ֪Ǽյ£ⲻζ
˳뿪ʱ􏪽סϺ飺ϴ磬ҵһȣлͬ˵


8 
Ϻô˵˻ȥɾ뽲
ʣϴÿ궼Ҫº飿
ϺЦﻧ궼ý飬Ѿϰˡ
֣һԸѡָ˰һ־Ϻÿ궼ý飬ǿԵġ
˵鲻װɣûǱˮƿȫƾһº飬Ѷ治һĴ󣬻㻢͵Ĵ㡣
Ϻ鳤̾ϢǲףÿºܻŻǽҡ
ϴ꣬ʲôϣʡ
Ϻ鿴ɾҲҪ飿
Ϻԭǽ壬ֻǼҵ䣬飬μӹƷΪƷڣ粻⣬һС
Ʒ֮ʱعٸΪѡʿءϯϺ˲پƣһλƷڵķʿӵţҡδ;г⣬뷽ʿӲڽǣţ˫ˤţʿⱩС
ǷʿȣȣԷѾˣϺǹʧɱˡҷƴ󣬹ٸƷڣݣ÷
Ϻ꣬Ҳ֪ǻ壬Ȳ֮ҲǵȻ򵥡
􏪰֣ҵǽңҪ顣ǶԲ档
ϺȻͷҡ˵ľϣҲûУЩطļʴ󣬲ЩطҲɵòˡ˺ãΪ鱴곤ĿԽ󡣡
˵ºص鱴ܸܲһЩЩΪûġȻ̫СҲҪ
Ϻ鿴ɾҪ鱴
˵һӼпһμأҩĥɷۺм侹Ȼһɳӡ룬ɳγɵأǱȻڵʲͳ飬ôϡ٣ΪĻԵ̫żȻˡ
ϺһԵ֮⻰Ŀɿڴ
Ϻʣɾ˵Ŀģ
ףǧȷʱʵ̫ˣǾԲпںˣ¶Ե˵췽ҹ̷
֮૵˵˭뵽˹ص鱦Ȼɳӱɵġ
Цӯӯ˵Ӧ˵һ΢ɳӣҲпܱ䱦
֮ԣ􏪵ɾķʽر
ϺлعɾҪ鱴Ϊ
ָϵ˵㣺һ󵨵뷨ȻɳӽǾܲ飬ǺβмɳӣҲҲܲ顣˹ĳɹҲߣԱȻļҪˡ
Ϻ׵뷨촽ˣ桢Ŀ𣿡
̾ϢҲȷֻܳһ¡ҲҪܳʱ䣬ɳԲɼĴСҪʱ䡣
ϺỨܹ飬ҲֵõģЩ˾Ͳþһȥˡ
ɲһ£˵ǽһӵ£ĶӡӶӲˣһˣ⣬ִ治֮롣飬еĲ˵츣Ĵ¡
üͷҲ÷ںˡ
Ҳ£˭ɵСϺ鱥֪֮ܲ࣬ҲͬԼһࡣ
􏪺˽̬ȣҲǸؽˣҵ±˲飬ǵ黹ûͱ˲ˣ֮ǰеŬ׷ˡ
Ϻһ㶣ɾԼǡһӣôҶȥƬ顣
􏪵ͷǸֻ̫ð졣ûа취һƬ飬˲ɣ
Ϻҡͷ̾û첻
֮ͻȻ廰Ǿֻйٸܰ쵽ˡ
Ťͷ֮ΪѦͬ⣿Ѧݴʷ
֮ÿüëΪβͬ⣿͢´͵飬Ҳ޼£ֻ͢²Ҳʲô£ֻ䷢һֹ˽Ƭ顣ٸŸɵĿ²ࡣ
ף֮Լǡ
Ϻԥһ£˵еĻٸ飬ǵ𣿡
֮Ťͷȫǲܵģٲٲˡıǿ»ṩ
ϺҧҧҲȲáܱöࡣ
ˮҵĸӳ̶ֲ˹ٰģ֮ڲ֪ҪʡĶ١ĿǰǲܴﵽƵĲҵˣֻһһɣᾡԭֳ
˵ϴԿɲСУ֮ȥͬʷ̸
á֮ڴӦ̫ӱΪˣԼûбȻȨͷڣݴʷѦȻһӡ
Ϻô˵ȷǵݲһ㣬˭ֱʷ䣬˵ܼġ
ֽϺһЩˣ籴ǲˮ̫ãҪ֤ʻȡ
һ£ϴ᣿
Ϻ˵ǰɵһƬǣᣬһ˰᲻̧С
һ־޴ıǣȴ仺ʱҲϡ䱦ǧĹȲɼͺȾºƷֶˡ
ں˵Ѳ֮һ֪ԼҪе̫ˣ㻻˵ɳںˣҵĳɹĿСҪôĥõıںˡ뵽ᣬûᣬҲУǵúһ㣬ڴĥ顣
ϺǳΪѵ˵ûеģΪҲǹٸյĹƷҲܰ쵽ȥ취
Ǳϴˡ􏪹˹֡
Ϻæ֣ʹʹãɾΪǽѣһжɾġܽ˵ȴ£ĸ˵곯һ
˵ˣæ˵ϴȲŵлⶼֻһ뷨вл֪ء
ܲУҪлɾԸΪǷѵƬ⡣ϺϿҵ˵
Ϻ뿪׼ϵ꣬ȴѾոɾˡ
Ϻ뿪ؿ􏪣ɾ飿
ǴˣԸ˵ٻˣóܼ
˵ᣬһ뷨Թ֪
쳣ƶ˵ɾС
Ц̧ԴллôҡԼͷŷ˿ˡ
֮˵ҲɾС
Ťͷ֮ͷѲҲԼʵ˿
ֻ˵ദʱ֮˵ܳɣĹͣװ׸ݴʷˣͬڽһɽˣɾǾÿϧ
΢΢һЦеϧΪ˸ݰսѡҲûʸٸּۻۣҳէ̫¶âǺ¡ƥﻳĵһǶġûԼݣ۲Ƹ
֮˵ɾŵùңҳȥּۻΣ鲻ǳ͢Ҫٹˡ̾޼˭˲Ҫأ
Ц֮ܰ쵽᲻ͬ⡣֮ΪһУϣҪѣΪʲôУ㲻ʲô޼̫֮ϡƽˡ
˹飬ǰиҪȥ죬Ǽ޷ٲޣһҪˡ
ʦ͸ù޷ˣҾ߲ˣ֮ȥ̶һ׹߰ɡҪ˹飬ɲ˵˵ܵģ׼һ׹߲С
ɾ֪Ҫֹߣ˵ʵ֮˹һͷˮ֪ҵк
ҽͼ㣬ɡһҪþϸֽ׶ΣʵǵҵĹһ߰ԺٸˣԽйٸṩ
ɾֻܷԸ֮
֮õҶϵͼʱͶأ̫ˣôĹ߶õ
􏪿ɲҾӹǶǺƳġҶϻͼʱһǳҪ£ֽˡ


9 ޷
ֽʱʲô¼Ϣսϸӣ˲˽ֽδȫƹ㿪õֻֽϲ͸˼ңƫԶ֮أջδֽ
ֽţȾܽ⣻λܽд⣬ѧĺӣʱʶˣܲäɡֽǷ첻ˡ
Ȼֽ»ȷһţȰѷ޺ã֮˵
ڶգ߽ԼǰݷͬĻͽܡʦ֮ûϸߣȸݶӡΪ߶ĴҪȲݶĴܵö࣬ⷿǸǲݶģܶԶԶ
ʦݻҪ𣿡ӷ꣬ݶãЩľṹɹ໵ˣֱֻˡ
ʦݶϴ𣺡ûݶǻ̴ľˢͩͣһ㶼ûٹϰ궼û⡣
􏪣ҷõǻƻ棿ţ̫ݳ˰ɣӵɽ֪
ǻƻҲûʲôãȫֵǮֻǱȽϽʵõľͷѣһݳƷļֵýڷʳĻ֮ϣһǮֵ
֪һʵ􏪻ͦ˵ģּ˱˵ĸо
䣬ʦչ뿪֮ȥһϼңϺǷ񷵻ˡ˼˵ҵûôһκҪ죬ʱҪ졣
Ҫôãüͷû뵽ô࣬һСҪںƯϼ죬붼ÿ¡
˼ѹ˵ڰˡ
ע⵽ϼڷǰ㣬û뵽̴ôѸ٣ô͵ˡг˭ԸΪԼļƽء
ÿնżȥ̽ϺǷһֱ􏪼ҵ߶ǺһˣϺ鷵Ϣһˡ
􏪸ϵϼңͷѪϺڴϣϼɷֹѪ
æֹǸҼҩһ£һȥȡҩ
􏪸Ͻתܻؼң֮ǰ֮ʣµҩȡϺϣϴô£
Ϻ˵˳ͻʯͷҵġ
ôأ
Ϊ顣Ϊռǵĵ̣ǵ飬⺣ô󣬶ģ˭ɵ˭ģôǵĵֱ̣޻̸֮Ϻ޷޵˵
֪ôӻĵطȻأ
Ϻ̾Ӧް˵ءˣɾҪ鱴ҶˣںˮţӦöš
˵Ȳæ˵
Ϻ鼱æ˵ҲҪɾ˵ķеͨЩ˾ͳ׽ˣҲȷĥ
􏪵ͷãҹҾһԡ
Ϻ˵ں׼һ󱴿ǣɾȥܲáҴǰ鱴أ
ϼӸϽȥ佫ǰ鱻ڵϵı˹ԭΪɷͿˣôص˻˰Ʊǻû뵽д;ģ
􏪿ǰִֺıǣ֪Ǻֱ࣬ĥѾȫ㹻ҲЩΣڵĹˮƽǴĥӵѶ쳣鱦εĹҲܰ쵽ԽϸСӣѶԽۿ϶ҲԽߣġ
˵ˣһòˣĥҪʱ̫ȲñЧɡ
Լ޷̫֣􏪱ȥȡ֮ǰӳȡصĹ߹ϼҸõʵؼӲԲεɳӡ
֪֮Ҫֲˣǳ棬ͷĻˣ¹Ħ¼߽ʦǲҲȥ֮Υ֮Ϊʦѧ䣬֮ûɿڡ
ģû¾ǴĥӺǾĹ߿ɲУĸ׸Ⱦ
􏪵һյ͵ƣڻϸԴһĽǣѸ˿ǣŽһӿס֮Լ̶סǣڱĤϻһӣӼϴȥ
ǰҲֻƵпֲԼǵһоУԤ˳ˡȡӺͿӣһűϣĨĨǼϵĺˣҪ᲻Ὣ³ˡ
֮һ׶Ѿ𾪵˵ˣɾȻİŽȥˣСͿ􏪳ôҲͷһ£ַ൱졣
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Ϻ鵹ǿÿҪԲ֪º飬ҲһξУο
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˼ҵԼҵС⿪ϵڴ׮ϵ֮ƽˮУɾϴ
􏪿ֿС̫ȷ˵˼飬ܰѴ
˼˵ܣ߲̫Զֻǰѱ͵
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װǵҲרģǴСиӷסⱴڻϵӣʯͷ
֮ͷá˵£ˮ
Լϵ˼˵ɾҲˮ𣿡
ɢȥĺ棬֮ӰŬǱӦⲻǰڽˮԲ
ûϵӣǲˮϵġ˼ѾԼˮ׼û뵽֮ȥˡ
˵̫Ӧûʲôɡ
ˣǽס˺档һ֮ˮ˳ְסϴڴڵشϢ
˵Ǿ
֮Ĩһϵˮ飬˵ҪȥһΣհʯͷӻû̶á
˵֮˼ϵ䡣
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֮˵յÿˣȥɾá
Цеģã


10 ̸
Ϻٸ鱴ֻһС顣ԶԶٸҪ󣬵Ŭǰ׷ˣҲˣ˺úҪº顣
ʮֲܣϺ鵹Ǻ̩Ȼ˵̫
˼鲻ԸڼҴճһΪǿ޿ģܣҲﲻæ
˼鲻ֹһ􏪣ɾǷӹ
􏪿źе˵Ҳȷ
˼ͷҳͺˣܺҵһº飬ܱһ˲ɵĶࡣ
􏪿һõĺ¶ϳɵı飬Դģܻġǻ취ġ
˼Ĩһᣬ˵ҵҵ
֮ͬ˵ս鱴ֲܳɲɹ㶼ȥѦȣĿɳӶõˣѰǴĥСӡ
֮ͷá
ֲһ䣺˵ҵ⡣
ɾģȻס֮ὫΣվء
գһκϴη뺣еĸһ£ĸѾˣҲ⣬ûܸȾĿԷǳ
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ֲɹĸ˼Ǻţ⼸·뺣šȻû£˵ЩĸܽжãͲ˷ˡ
֮縺􏪵ίȥݳǣϺ鿪С顣
Ҳ֪֮ӺòãѦȻ᲻ͬǵ顣Ͼɹʱ̫˵ʱѦѾˣеĹ㶼̲ţδʷҪѦûؽԸԸΪտôһ㡣
˰ɻʦǶչȥˣ֮Żصҡ
􏪼֮æӭȥʣΣ
֮ԼϵĹժŵѦ͵ġ
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֮ϴЦݣԺȥԡ
뵽ͿʵǲԣЩȷһߣô˵
֮ӹҬ룬һеˮЦӯӯ˵̸ˡѦһʼ̫£ҲİţϴöС鵱ĥ˸һϸɳѦȾˡ
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š
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Ҳ깤һա􏪿Լɫ߶һӴԺҲ·紵ˣ
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ٷһֱԵΣ˶Ա㣬ԲĶ뿪
ٷʽкԺǴеһԱˡԺҲҲ˼
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ȱľǼͲףǴģһҳϺһˣ􏪻ĳԲ껵ء
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һһ㣬ռľ޵ӣͬףҲ˵ľ޵ռľǸҪռòһء
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ʣ֮Ҫ·Ǳӣ
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˵ȻǺ⣬Ǵֲڰޱûζζ²̫ţϴһ°ɡ
ƤëӵζҲòȥþľޱ߲˿꿪ϰɣ֪ȥҲ֣ӦҲϵİɡ
ջɽ𣿡ʡ
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􏪰֣ǣҴԼֽڸٹľܽأǵƤǲֽԭϡ
ɾֽ֮Լ􏪵뷨ĲκγԾı飬ΪûԼġͬʱֹסۣЩ±ɾԹʵġ
ᣬԭһԡʱҪҵæҶϲӡò޳ľƬȫܲҶأļ紺Ҷ겻㣬Ҷֽء
á֮ڴӦ


11 ë
֮Ѿһ׽˽һĨ°ϵĺ飬׼ȥߴˮϴȴּѾˮһˡ
ɾˮѾˡ˵
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ɫ΢ҲˣϺڵϹҲûУ˯Ķܸɣһھ˯ˣ˯
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ô磬Ӧû֪һֱڸ֮ʦ
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Ц˵֮ڿأԺ϶ġ
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֮˵ӰҷñӣƤ͸˼ԴС
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ӸжԱ˫ֺʮλɾǴȴ󱯵ת
֮ƤҪǻɫͺɫģûðëΪɫࡣҲһЩã׼􏪷һӡ
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ëů􏪿ŵ֮֮䲻䣿
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˵ǲǻû𣿺Ƥ̫Сһ𼷼ɣⱻӹ󡣡
֮􏪣һŵͷá


12 ŵ
ⲻͷһһ˯ϻع쫷磬􏪾͸֮һ˯ġʱȣԶҲһӣûôܡ
֮û˯һͷӣֱӰˡֻһȺϢ˹ʶ￿ֵ֮롣
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֮˵ѦѾĺ򻮶ˣʲôʱʼ顣һ˵ůܹͣºɱ˲С
˵öԡ̫䣬ҲֲЧҲ󡣡􏪿ɲºɱǣֱıɱ
һ£ȥһߵӡǵʯѾˣҪʯҡʯҡ֮˵
ϲ⣺棿ˡһҤʯȻֵֻǧģϾޱҲ̫£׬⣬ûиõӪ֮ǰʯȷʵǲԴ
֮˵ϴ쫷磬˼ݶˣҪ¸ݶ֣ʦǼŴ׻ҽճƬķʽ˳ȥв˼ҴӡҪյʯҡ
ЦеģðռҤʯң׬Ǯꡣ
ʯ􏪸ϽʯҤҤͬʱգЧʾ͸ˡ֪ʯҲ̫ãϾгô󣬵׬һһ㣬Ȼһ㱾Ǯ
ĳҹں˯УͻȻԵ֮ˣɾѣ
Ժۣôˣ
֮С˵ˡ


13 
͵ѹѸĶ
֮˵ɾ·Ҫҽм㡣ذͷ£šҲǧš
ذףץЩðЩ̫̫ƽˣԼһݣͨǳԼģ
֮ץڴߵĽժǽϵĹͼұϣȥһ˼ԸҹšغźȥɾĶȥһſš
ͷá
֮ãһû˵ţȥѸٹţ˴ľŶסеţű˯δѵõ􏪷
üڴϣԼ˴شӴͷһƬڣʲôҲʲô
˸ⵣ֣һѣѹ˵ɾ봰Զһ㡣
􏪷ּºܵţȻͷһǰҲٹ
С
ʲôˣ
ʱɽɽʱǺ˵ʱ򣬼ͣһ¡
ʲô
ʳɽͺʳǿʳ
˲ˣ
ʱɱˡ
ģԭΪӸǺˣи֮Ҳûʲôã˭֪ô̫ƽҲǳֺ̫͢ƽŹ֡
ʱžҹͻȻһˮˣ
ŲſͲҽ􏪻󴰣ԼܿɫĻ⡣ƺǳԼģɴķӶǲݶһţǻ
֪֮ˣӦܱԼɡ
ȥݳôǶ٣ȫûѹٸ
ûõģٸǵֻҪҪ顣ɾ˵ԼֵʳΪʲôҪǣǸǿʲô𣿡벻һ㡣
һʱ԰ѵջׯڻҪϽһʲô϶ṩĹٸΪʵƬĵҲѹְջԹԡ
˵еĹٸһõĳ͢ӦҪ񣬲衢ūۣǿɧţάʹԸĸԸĹٸԼõһֽٸùٸܹ;ӣտˡ¶ˡмˡ
һ֪⣺Ĺٸ𣿡
еġǰйԺҲеġ􏪰ο
˵ҶϣĹٸ㵽
􏪿ɬ룬֪Ĺٸʲôʱܵ
֪˶ãȰɾɾӦѾˣϴ˯ɣҹ
һӴƮô˸磬ûڸ֮ѾͽˣصϣñӸסȣ֮
֮ڷˣţɾҡš
Ѿȥˣ􏪵Ӧڰ֮ܿΣԼŵһ̻ζǰץס֮ĸ첲֮û˰ɣ
ֱָ֮ϣްɾصġ
Щǿأ
ץһʣµˡ
􏪲µӦɱģץأ
ң͹ٸ
ģɽ
ɽɽ
̾˿ǻ첻ȥȥɽ֮ûɷ͵Լ֮޷Ŵ󣬵ͷһˣ˭ҵķˣԱ
ˣûˡҵķӱˣҴɱȡ
֪ɽʯҤæһĬԵˡ
ҵأ
ҡ
ûУ
Ĵ򣿵ȥݳǲС
͵ݳȥȲƣԺһӵ¡
֮룬ĵ»۲ۣԲˣ˵컹磬ɾȥ˯ɡ
˵Ȼȥƣ
ȥڵϹ˵˶ûߣȫȥ˯˵֮􏪵ļ磬Ƶȥ˯
ȷѾȫûԼȥˡ
˰ޣײ˯һ˯Ǳ˳ѵģ洫Ϻ˵ÿҼȥң¡ɾȥɾȥ
֮˵ҼҼɾδѣҴȥɡ
æˣ֮Ҳȥơ
֮æҵϵ·ӣŴ⣺ʱˣôҡ
֮û˵ҵķʳվˣҪôյʳǹ
ץһץԼĳ׼һ֮ùӣ􏪵ͷ룬ȻϷ١
􏪳ллмˣǲ̫Ƕ̷㣬ֺô
֮˵ɾȥϴóʳһȥ
Էʱ􏪲֪֮ѾǱץɽȥٸˣٶȿ湻ġ
ⶼˣϯģ̨϶׵ģǸҵˣһüġҵӶùԴΪʳ࣬ҹһЩڻҪȳһЩңʵЩѡ
һϽڣȻǲ꣬Ѿʾ˲ѣȻϣ􏪶һ
һӶڡʮͣҴ֮൱ڵʹĸöһػһӶĨᡣ
ʣ𣿡
ӵؿһۣҡͷûС
תͷ֮֮ɶҽǣ
֮˵ѾҽϹҲС
􏪱˵Ǿݳȥⵢ顣
ֻĬĬ⻰ؿ޳ֻʣ¼պڵǽﻹܸӿ𲡡
˵֮Ҽˣļ̌ȥҽΣҳҵķӱˣ޴ȥҿһ䷿ݶѹءھҶаɣĶҲ
⻰һ˵ⶼĵģƬ̺ȫת􏪣رݣллɾɾȴ󱯣ǻת
ڵϵĴ˵лɾˣΪɾţ
֮Ťͷ􏪣ɾĳ
􏪰ڰ֣лң˭ûиѴҲؾţһȥˡȵˣͺˡ㿴ſɺã
õȫϣͷɾԸá¾ôˣоģ͵ɾȥ±ɢ˰ɡ
֮˼׳Ĵ񣬲һŰ壬̧ҴȥݳǿԼҲȥˡ􏪱ĸӻԼҡ
ڴڣɽһһٵıǼҡɽʳҪСãΪ˱ãƴɽȹǡ
֮ϵüʱȫҪⶾ֮֡ʱǷһѻ𣬶éһŻдݿ֮ƣĶ
􏪽ҲǳͬģǿҵֽҲʵҸ˶ǶøжܰԼֽ
ɾ˻ȥʰƫݣ֪ҸһҲɾˡЩʧ䣬ԭɾǶǺðԱ˺á
􏪰ţɶ˯һݣͬС˯һݡ´δãשľ׵İգľ´
ʰǱѾ½дʳ׵ģ͹ȵģ䶼һķҲܽȼü֮
һʳһ߶Ů¶˭ʲôպʳûծ
􏪶˵ֺһ£дɺã
ãлɾ¡ӺᣬһߵͷһҪݡ
􏪸Ͻֹǧֶֻѡ
̿Ĩʯҵǽһһˣһ߶Լ˵Ƕĺôô
¶ݵɫˡɾҡ


14 ֽ
ˣԭӱԵӵʶҪͽֽҪ޷ӣ򰲶ٲôˡ
ǸܸɵŮӣҲǸˡŮԼңʰõĶоͰߡ􏪽̨שͷ˼ηԼȵġ
􏪱żҪˣû뵽Ǽ첻Լġֻṩ˴ľ壬̴ص棬Ǳе鷳ΪԼҲŸոս̸⣬ûжġ
㽫ʣµĶƤëóӣץʱ׺һ¡ƤëͲԼëͼõƤͳһƤƤͺƤ
ӵһμ˶Ƥëøõģȵòѣܾ
˵ҲŮ죬ǰӰæ͵ǰİɡ
ô˵ŴӦŮСһĸŮץʱƱӡ
Сʮ꣬ǼеۣδǣɽǰôССﶼŹ֪ǲ˾ţӺСʼյͷˣ˵Ҳϸģɻͦ˼ҵĺӺٳˡ
Ҷ൱䲻􏪸ߣ׳ʵˣһǳͶ࣬ĸװʲôʲô
һͺͼһż״æָ􏪼ҿ񡢵ˮˡݡЩƽʱǼɵģڱˣͦ˵ġ
􏪱˵㲻ðҼҸɻⶼǼĻ
˱˵ɾǰ°ɡ
Ц˵˵Ҽ¶࣬е鷳ǵĵط
֮ʱŷأΪҴϼа壬ץҩֻԴ࣬ȬһӦ􏪳е¶􏪸ж£޲ͷα
ֲôִţ㰲常ȥˮءƤǰΪֽ׼ֽҪƤҪݣ׼ԽԽá
ֽ֪ԭ͹ȴҴƱһܳɹ»ҪĲԭϡ
常ȻɣȴʣôԸǱôȥ
Ұ֮˳ͬ˯һˣ֮ǰûбӣǴøҴˣ˯˭˯
ϰ˵˯ôһ㲻ڣϾСˣҲխһεʱ򣬵ұʾ֮Ρ
֮ƺͦͬһ˯ҲӦ˯һϮܵһʱ䱣
ϣ֮һ£ҴռΪͽ
ЦԸˡ
֮˵׼յģ뿼һƷһҲڼңܱ㡣
􏪺ٺЦðɣ㻹ΪԼ
֮˵һͬ飬׳ʱ֯ʱһ͵Ϯǲһζ򡣡
쳣ͬã֧㡣ԱֻܿԼ
ӵڶ֮ټһȺ׳ÿҶһжϮţ亦ףؼʱ̣ܾԼֻԼԸ˭Ըѧ
ÿʱ֮һȺܲ٣Ӵܵߣɳ̲һأܰʱٻصһʱ
˼ҲŴһĴ£вҲ˽һʱǣڲϵɶĽѣ޲ԼȸϽҲС
􏪳ʱú棬һΣûһӱţܸȺˡԺûٸܣԼ٣ԺQһ£ҪС
Ĳ֮⣬Ҫ֮Ҫǳϸ˰ʦ񡢾˰ʦģѧĿĲǼ򵥵ĿһԺҪ𱣻􏪵Ρ
˸ܡվ׮Ȼ⣬ÿջҪ֮ʱĴˤƤ׵ġ
􏪿żϰǿȺ˺ۣе֮Űĸ֮˵־ͲŸտʼѧ
֮˵ѾܿˡΪЩɽΪǸӾ飿ڶݶȺͿ
ƿԣ֮˵öԣǲģ֮Ը˵ڽ̣Ը⻨ʱ䡣
˼鱾Ҳ֮Ϊʦ֮ҲܾҪǳԵ˿࣬
˼Ħһ죬߻صӣЩؼȥͣ졣ǿסջ󣬹аʦԵ˵Ļ᲻ץסⱲӶˣڳԿܱ࣬Լļˡ˼뵽Լĵãҧҧһˡ
ӴԺ󣬼Ͷһѵܣһ֮Ĵ
ڽݶյƤˮ˳ʯҿʼ󡣰ֽ֮Ƥϴɾգַ̳գſʼƤ򽬡
ǷʯģøܸԭԸĳ˽ԣýŲȣʡ٣Ҳɣ􏪲Ȳһӱᡣ򽬵ĻҪ常ɵġ
Ҳؼһֽ􏪿ǹܶ೭ֽĲϣ鲼Ȼֲ̫ˣ㹻ƽȻĳɱ̫󣬶ҲʺϳʱˮнݡƬԣֻҪƬùϸĥ㹻⻬ȽҪõöࡣ
ɹֽҲҪƽĵطҪϯ
ֽǸԼû˸öԼβСǰĹŷֽĿųһΣһ̫٣ɲֽڶֽ̫̫࣬񣬶ֽˣƤάɱ棬ֻֽֽӲڡ
˺üΣڳɹһֽˮ֣ŵͨ紦ɹɣȫ˲Žõһֽʱ􏪼ӣ֮쿴ʲô
֮ŵŻƺɫֽ¶ϲı飺ɾİ쵽ˣҲ
􏪹ЦҲûУǾö鲻ԶʵһأʵȻ֪ã
֮Цݣг˳ͼҴģûмĵϻܸɣңܹڵ֤࣬һ漣
􏪾ֽֽ̫Ȼȣ͸⣬Ψһźľ涼̫ƽûоѹֽḶ́ԲƽҲǿϺϸֽˡ
Ц˵Ҫֽװǽϡ
֮ޱͬɾĵһֽشǸղغãȥɡ
á􏪽ֽ֣صؽ֮ȥָͶɳֽˡ
һֽв覴ãѾֽšԺҪʵܽᾭҪֽţҪڹաԭϡϡʱƿصȷùೢԶսֽ͸Ҹӽмν
֪ɾܸɣʯͷʯңû뵽ֽȻĵرȫңβ˻ƣֽ֮ɾ˵ǹǮ
ȫɾ˶飬ԸһӵţôҪĹǮء
Ϻֽ֪ţܵǼˣŴֲڵֽӯֽֽɾܡ
֮ǰ˹Ѿ𺳣Ǹ𺳻ϾҪܼǲǳɹˣֽžǰǶ˳Ȼֽ֪ж౦û뵽ɾ˭֪˲ѧܡ
ɾɷֽϺеʣѾʮδֽˡ
ͷһֽûãֲ̫ˣдϴҪȥһ􏪾˺üŵݸ
Ϻֽӹֽлɾ̫ˡ
˵и뷨ֽ̼֮ʶֶ飬֪˼ǷѾˣ
Ϻ˵һЩ򵥵ǧĺޣ̡ɾѧɷȮӸɾһѧϰ
Цһء
Ϻһ֣ʹʹãδ飬ǰѧĶòˣ˺ӡ
˵һͬڿΡҲʲôѧֻǳոӽ̵򵥵֪ʶպäϴ粻Ҫܾ
Ϻ˵ԥƬ̣ͷӦá


15 ѧ
һֽ࣬ҲǼʮšһֽ鲻㣬ֽŹڴֲڣҲƽд֣ȻҲͲܳۡ􏪱㽫ǲüдСһ൱ֽá
ֽ֪֮;ȻʧЦֽԶ˵ޱʥĶȴĵֽǸǰ֪ˣضҪԼֽôöС
֮ǴԣԽԽ䣬ҲҪԼͼ׼·֮һҲԶ􏪡
ʱأæŴ꣬ЩɽҲҪ꣬ǲΪ֮ΪϴһСɽֻ̽ǰ»һθϮӽǷǳбҪġ
ԴҰ֮􏪾ɶˡһҪʲôȥˡص£ӺСðˣƤ常ȥģݽˮҲмúҸ
ΨһᱻߵĻˣ⻹Ϊ̨ûס
􏪵һξԼͦϰߣҵ˼ȥȥӻϯɹֽţϯʹ
Ų񵶳ţֱ常ȥˣƬһְˣĥƬڴȥˡһľգȻ̫ϯǿԵġ
ϰæµоܿˣ֮Թ̫ˣҾҵôء
֮ЦȥʷҪɾʱ䡣
˵ʷжٲ飬ԼǸٶȣģˣһϱУȥһЩֲḻһʳװɣǱϼҶҰɼȥˡ
˵Ĵ£ҵ˲ҰˣЩҰںҲܼʼû߲ܽ¼ػǲϴڿζȻҲȤ
ǸҵҰʺ㽶Сɬؽ˼֦ȥϺһĹʵǳᣬ˼ͼԵýζܲǸζ㽫֦޽ϣǶֲͬ޽Ӽ׳ɻܸܲһʵɬζ
Ұ㽶Ѷ⼫٣Ϥ㽶ȫͬǾѡ͸㽶ͨԷֳġһ㽶ȥҲ֪ԼûԵ㽶иٳһ㽶һοɡ
ɽϻڵٸԷˣûкЩߵֲøҲǲġڸʱҵһҰɽϽ龥ٳûؼȥ֣ԺϾܶһˡ
ǻ˲ɣȥʵҲвɣ􏪲ɣȻǶơ
ֻǸ⣬ݳתתҲ֮ȥѦȣҪݱûϵģĹݸ϶аɣѦȵӦòѡ
􏪳ȥתԸҵҰˮΪӽˮԲĸҰܾݷֵġȻֻǼСɺϣûԼԬھܹôΰĿ⣬ϣڲͬˮƷֽӽˮĲҲпܵõ
ûкЩ߲ʱ£Ȼ΢£߲ˮζʲôζſǧǧ
Ұⱼ˼գʣǲǿڶֽˡ􏪲磬ݺ˵ȻҪǿʼڶֽ
һξԱһ㣬׼Ҳֽ֣Ҫϸöֽ࣬žѹֽ濾һŽϯϡ
ڴջϸƽֽţֽûͷֲˡϯƽҲϸС·ģɹֽһⶼ·ʶϯǲɹƽֽŵġ
􏪻һԼƵɹֽǷĨù⻬ˮǽϣҲûﵽҪʯǽƽճȥһ׻ҡֽͦ׵ġ
ǡʱԼľʦڵˣ􏪿Ÿľͷ׹õӣʱ飬ȻϯƽǾľ壬ƽ˰ɡ
ľʦ􏪼ҸģǸʮ죬ֽľ壬Ҿߡ
ľúƽϸֽţȻϸеԶԵ˵ѾеƫϵֽˡֽɫÿӽţƤֽɫҪɫֽŻôԭ֣Ժ󻹵öೢԲС
ֽŵ٣ԼҪ⣬֮õˡ
ȻݿʷԶȻݳڱҲʱ䣬ѧ˰첻ãڽһѧһѧѧҲ̫ࡣ
ѧӲֽ࣬ҲͲ󣬱˶ֽֽļҲݰԵֽžǴӶ԰Ĺݸ
ֽŶɺĴ󣬵˵ϣ۸ͷ˱֮Լҳֽȥ˳ΨһһֽӡȤիǴһ¼۸񣬽ƹ̸ںġ
ֽŵļ۸񣬷ǳˣΨһг̫ˣҲ˵Ҳȥòи֮ôչأѵҪһֱ
ϲʱ򣬿ԼõĲֽһΪʲôһֹֽأһЩֽֽУôϸҲЩðնֽãͲ·ˣ
􏪰Լ뷨֮һ˵֮ÿУֱˣҽݡʳ̣ʳõϡ
ûֽ뷨˵Ͼֽȥˣȥʲô;ȫƾԼĶ𣿡
֮¨Ķһһóīⶼˡ
ЩǸú˼ģѾʶˡϺѧ􏪽ڻʾͷϣѧýζÿľڵ֣δʽùī
ڸϿΣǼ򵥵ļӷͻȻ죬̧ͷȥ̽һԴǱڴϢҴɡ
ûᣬϿΣҴţżűڿΡ
¿κ􏪲ȥʹ˵ɽոоЩˣ
ɵͷöˣлɾġɾÿնҪڿΣŹ˼
ʵɿʶ֣
ҡͷ
˵ɣҽǽ̣ĸҲǽ̡ѵԸѧ˳һ̲Ѷ¡
ϲ⣺лɾ
􏪱ԸȥŰɣľ˼ģȽŲٺʲ
ѧͶһֳ֪ϿΣʮĽҲѧûˣǼеæŸֽȻûϿΡ
мηɻ֮඼ſ֪Ҳѧ˸еķӣҹࡣҹʱ䳤ҹֻ˯ԺһΧŻѾŻϺϿΡ
˽ʶֺʱҲǽŽʷʡ֮ҲпգҲܸϿΣϲʷǸս
ʱأ֮ϮŴӣ㰲ŲӵҹѲߡҹӵѲʱ֪￪ҹã˵Ĺ±յĺϷ˺˽ŶʣöŲŸڲֵʱΡ
أ˶֪ɾҹڼҰѧڿΣʶйַʽѷĴ˵ǼջģǲѧЩĹҲýζ
εĶԽԽ׳ÿһʮ˾􏪼ԺΡ􏪿Żһ˫˫֪ʵ۾Ժһ̨̨һӣҵѣһӣʶ֡
ÿһѧΣټһù¿Ρ
Ҳûָѧʲôѧٶ컯һ£ֵȥû뵽ȺѧУͦмϻۺѧġ


16 
ůţԺҽ׼ϣ첲ϥϣϴЦݣŴŵķ򣺡ˣˣˣˡ
ֻ֮ۼͼһ֦ͼ껭ֻģ˵ʣֻıۼԾȻֽϡ
֮δ֪»滭ϻ裬ʱʱϲһͨϹָŪҲͿˣǸǷƣ
Сԣ˵Ԫ󼪴ͼͼϲ켪ͼӸߵ֮ɣԼලҪ˵ˣҪ˵ˣҪ˵
􏪹Цȸַƣոպá
֮մ˸ۺĴ󼪴ͼϣͷůֵĵ£ĵͻȻӿһůůĸжԶҲãԸػһǵɢˡ
Цǲãƣãһաɣٶ࿳ӣȼű񡣡
֮Цݣ̲סЦҡͷ֪ĶѧôӣҪ󼪴ͼҪҷҹ仹Ҫȼű
ʵҲ􏪱ŻҹķΧʵݵԪ̫ûķΧˣůòӣƤʹסռֻܴˡ
һ֦ͷִݷµ۷æµðٻʱջʵİٻˡ
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Լúһ˵һӶûԹôʢҹ󲻳ҹôʢζǴδͬĺʣӳôõζ
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ԹóӲֽһһַУˣΪдҵŬǲʳǡǸҵѹǮѹסеаϣ˳ƽԽԽ𡣡
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ǵεģԼ𣿡ʡ
ǴһȺǶġ
ǾˡʣĴжأ
СңҲϰˣʣµģͶһЩС洬ˣ󲿷ֶƽʱСССͧҲСɽûԼ֪Ϣ˵ˡ
􏪸ݴֻСһºҲмˣǧˡ֮һۣѦȲ̫ѽ
􏪻һתɽ㣬һӺ𣿡


18 ﻮ
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ɽȭͷ˴Ÿʲôأء
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19 
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􏪿һ۴еĴҡҡͷûнǸ⣬˵ϴǰôĴ𣿡
ϺҡͷûмǵһμôĴ
˵Ҳǵһμһ˹ˣǳ˴󰲵ġ˵ļţݴϣൺ½أкܶĹңصķ鶼ͬг۾ͷƤĺˣȫƤڵĺˡЩطģʢϡޣеĵطʢһָ߲Ŀ״ʳͷ㣬ҼͺһͺֲֲƸȴ۴ֵ״ʵҲܹȡ
Ϻ鱻˺ģ֣
􏪵ͷǲ˹˵ĵ֮ܵ⼸Ϻصʱ򣬰վҲõĶˡ
ϺЦɾȻǹʿػ
˵ʹʹգ׳ãѹ¶ϼ߽ѵÿ˵𣿡
ɾȣвϺ鹰Ҿɾ֮⣬ݴȥЩطЩ챦
ЦҴͻȻ뷨ҲҲֻܳһ¡
Ϻ˵ɾôһ˵ҵһλүʱ쫷磬Ĵεһⲻ֪ĵϣǵģʢˮҲһЩԴԲɼΪˣв֪֡үǼĸתã㻮ҡ쫷淽򣬲֪ε˺δˮҰںƯ£ִһ½أȻݣּں½֮Ư꣬ںһҰ̴̴ָ꣬ڷؼ硣
􏪾֣ˣڿɻڣȡ³Ưǡʰ֪үȥЩطȥġ
ءүںƯ֮ãŻصУĸ˼ӣ۾ϹˣүڼչĸҲθ˵ԼҼһأˬʽ̸һλˣ˵Ϻ˵
үꣿ
ѽ֪֮˰ɣ忴ŻͦӲʡǰģЩûˡϺ˵
۾ƽȥݷһλүҪḻĴԱүѸߣӹӲʣǿ
ȴʱøҼ尾Ϻ˵ʱҲࡣŨصĺҹڰȥˣɫҲҲˣһжȥ
􏪿Ũصĺ֪ʲôʱɢȥѾˣ֮Ǳߵ֪ˡ
Ӽװɾ
􏪸Ͻ˼װ壬ɫΧڸĴ˿Ƿ·һµ֮ϣЩʲô˶䣬˻򴬵׵
˵ҷڽпڵ
􏪼æʣǺˣ
ǵġɾô죿ʦûнץ𣿡ŵʣҴأ
źķĴ𼱣ٵȵȣҺʦļƻǽΧġܵ˵ڼƻ֮УҪȣˣɸ˻Сȥ
һжռƻµĻϣҪôѪȣϾеĺﲻĵز
ȥ˵
𼱣аš􏪽ְϡ
ĺϷǳ䣬ҲԸ²ȥһֱڼװϵȵ̫Ũ¶԰׵ʱѾîʱ
ʱֺʣɾڿԻȥ𣿡
˵һֺˮԺõĵ֣СȥҪ̫ڿҪȷȫȫ˲ȥϢٻ֪ͨǡ
ֺһ˴СȥȥûãϾֻǸӡ
ĿǵСʧУ̫ԽԽߣŨҲɢĴҲסˣ׷˼װ塣
ʣɾΣ˳𣿡
˳ѵǾͶҪڴϴˣȻһЩĳʳ֧Ŷء
˵ٵһȣӦܿнˡ
ʱϵŨѾȫɢֻʣ̺ԼԵĲ⣬ԶֳԼԼĺǵĴ밶̫ԶҲ尶ߵĳ
̫ԽԽߣʲôʱȥĵ׵Ļ̿ԽԽʱ򣬺ڳһСһ˻һڴͷڣ􏪿˴ͷˣ¶ϲЦݡ
ɾʦ
Ц첲֮˻ӣתͷԴϵ˵ˣԻȥˡ
˻һǶȥлȥˡ
Сܿ͵˴󴬸֮ͷŴϣɾؼҡ
Цˣ
ţѾˣ
æʣʦҴأ
֮˵˵ˣڼЪϢ£ֻСˡ
һֳˣЩģ˵£еĴʯЩǲǾζţԺ󶼲ˣ
֮ץס􏪷µݣ¾͵˴ߣȫԼ쵽ǰ􏪵֣ץס􏪽һЦ􏪵̤ʵˣû˰ɣһһ߸Ͻ֮ϣѾ·֮ǰ·Ѿˡ
֮ҡͷЦɾû¡
Ǿͺãأʡ
֮˵ץˡ
Ƕô£֮ؽͣ͵ϮݳǣݴʷӦϣ˺еĺץˡԺ󲻻кˡ
Ⱥзһ󻶺̫ˣ
􏪳˿ԸһˡΧ֮ΣҲû˺֮ǣֱһټõϲ¡Ҫǣ֮ôĹܸͣѦҪɣҲûˮʦҪ⴬ҲûãԼҪʵֺˡǳ󺣣ˣ


20 սƷ
س·, Ҷ˸߲ҵģΣսˣýԪ, ν˫ϲš
􏪺֮ڴͷ, 봬һǰС֮Լ􏪼ϣŤͷҲ䡣
ֱָ֮ϣɾ̫ˡҹϴǲû˯, һֱڼװϴ磿
ҡͷû, ҹ̫, ´ȥˡ
ǻ, ֮˵
˵֮˵˵ҹ龭ɡ
̵֮˵ҹ£Ǹϵݳǵʱ򣬳ѾˡȻݹĳǽ, ҪʱڹǲܵģֻһֿܣӦ
ʱһƬ, ٷӶ, ӵĺİԼҵֿĹٱ
ͷΧʷ, ʷҲʧ, ҿ֮ʱϵһ, ˴ʷ֮Σ֮ٱĴɢϢһϢȻؾʿ, ˷˵ĺͷ, 㿪ʼ, ɾ, Ӷȥ
Ѧȱͻ͵ϮüѪԼ޶СסҪ֮ݽҹҪˡмûץѦҲ侲ԵӣҪкһ򾡡
һȺں֮ڣɻɢسǽʿﺣԵòһ֮Ѧʹٱһ·׷ʣµĺȻӵǴĺ̲ȴԭǶĴֻѾˣһЩ˵ֿץˣһЩŲ·ֱ˺УҲӱץˡ
һǸͷƤЩ飺һɱ˶ٺ
֮˵˹룬ʣµȫץˡ
Ǻ̲ӦѾ˰ɣɲصߣ㿴һʬ壬οϻôĴ
֮˵ѾɾˣʵʱѾսҪսˡ
Ǿͺáָ˸ؿڡ
֮˵һ´ʱһҪһ´ңؼ֮Ҫȼһ⣬⻹к©֮ڴ
Ǹýһ㡣˵ˣЩشĺأ
֮˵ҽȫһҴϣȻ󽫴ƽ󺣣ˡ
ĬȻĻǾǾһˡȻûв빥ӣҲﲻЩˣǾͻ֪ĸйأպһ޴İȫ֮ȻˣܽǱڵΣӣõġ
аʧ𣿡ʡ
֮ҡͷҲ֪˿϶һЩسǽʿӦò١
ô£ѦȻϱ͢𣿡
֮˵Ӧסһͬ˵ҵ֡
Ťͷһۣ֪һжΪԼ
􏪿µĴ˵ܸѦҪҴ𣿡
ɾϲ⴬֮ʡ
˵ϲ
ɾҪʲôؽҵ֮ʡ
æ˵Ҳؽҵ֧ߺ·ȥϡá˹ͨ˿֮·
֮Цɾó׬Ǯ
˵ԣ㲻֪ź˹Ǳȥһ·ϻжĵطжٸĵ챦ζȥ硣ǶǡǺǣȥ´½ǲһ˵ĵطôĵ
֮ô˵һ뵽ģǸɵйĲƸгһҪطҵıϣȻȥѦҪҴ
Цײײ֪֮֮ˡ
֮ϲЩСԵǣ˫ֳ΢΢бס􏪡􏪸оҲû˿˵֮ˣȥúϢ
֮ûֻǡšһ˯ˡ
ڿ˰ǻ´СϰûģˮͷպҪкóףˮͷҲǱزٵġ
ע⵽ɳ̲ϽӡңȻǾһսãûпʬѪˮɫҲģ翹Ӧòࡣ
½´ٴηЯףطСһҹԴ˵ƺûʲô仯ֻоʲôѾˡ
􏪺֮´Ϊֳһܻȥˡ
̧׼ϴ󲿶ӣȴ֮סˣɾߡ
ע⵽ߵҬһƥɫĿеسŲݣʱޱȣĶ
֮Ц˵ӺǶսɵսƷѦȽˡ´ξԮʱ
ѵҲ٩ˣ˵ããԺԽǾͷˡҲһֱ֮ҸߣȻ⵺һƥ̫ˣҾУҲ̫ˣû뵽ˣ֮ϲ
Ժɾȥұȥ֮һԾɵر֣ɾ󡣡
ץסֻ֣˲գһϵϣǵһϽ§ס֮
֮˵ɾˣҪˡݣһӣתͷСܶȥ
Ȼ뿪ȴʱ䵽ҡʦޱȣΧſá
ֱѣˣǻû𣿡
ԣԣҶˣҪϽȥϽȥ
ʱѾ磬Ƕû緹Ͷǰˡ
һҲûʲôѳӾҪ̫ƽˣֻķչͺáɽɽ˵֮Ҫͣóһʱ䣬ǿԹһΰˡ
ɽϱʧ˿ڲֻƤˣлҩ֮Ѿ򵥰ˣӦòд󰭡ҽݵĴ϶ûʱ䣬˵İպ͹ٱ̫࣬ȫæС˻Լɡ
˷ֻܵСȸ಻סеϲã􏪣ɾҴҲסڼ𣿡
˵ԣ˯ɣöɸ˯һǰΪչ˴ɵȣһֱǵ˯ģҲõòˣֵһŴӦòʲôˡ
֪϶Ĵ𸴣ȥֳûãɽԹлˣллɾá޺÷ӣǾͰȥ
νذڰ֣޷סŰɡ
ɽ죬һֹӣ˵лֱ˵ɡ
ɽ˵֮ǰʧɱ˹ٲĲ׷𣿡
˵ν˴󹦣֮ȥȥʷҪһ
ллɾɽл
ˣԵŹǣѾտˣɢ˵ζɽĶӷˡһ죬εӣһ¿ˮ
ջע⵽ˣǲǶˣ
˵϶ˣⶼʲôʱˣʳûԡٵһ£ܿͺˡ
ɽҪߵģô˵㲻ˣߵ䣬Աߣհɡ
ӦͺãˣҪúϢ
ɽԱ߿ջһȥ۲˵􏪣û뵽һˣȻ³ˡ
􏪼ûߣƵʣɽῪ𣿡
ɽʣ˵
ԡ
ѧôûֲ
ʣƽʱЩʲô
ɽָ֪ǺճҸһѧ书ѧôʱŴȥ
̴Ķȥ
ǵġҪȥخżҲȥ¬
üߵĵطͦԶģǺפĶһֱסڴϰɡ
ǣмŵĵطһȥšɽ˵ԥһ£ɾǴ᲻ᱻͷ
ŤͷˣܻٸӦҲὫͷʾڡΧݳǵĴʷⲻǼ򵥵٣췴ˣѦ
ɽ¶˵ɫʵǴͦõģӲɱ޹˲޼ҿɹ˺ͺӣÿǮͶַǡ˵ǽٸƶ
ֶһ£Ȼһ˵ɱ޹ҹȷڳɱ˷ŻǶ޹İա
ɽ򴽣ӦǴĽֵܶҵˣЩϣ˲Ǵ̡ܽ
􏪽ʢȳԷ극֮ȥһݳǡܾǰҲûУһˣȻӼ߰ߣҲпȡ֮ǳ׵ĳУǾǸԼС
ʱ磬ǿʼĵһٷ
ɽǰڵԼʻɰĵܵãλεţ˹ȣֻĸоһֱǶһš
Թ􏪽й֮ѯĿԡ
֮üͷɾΪҪӣ
˵ɽ˵Ҳٸƶ֮ʿɱ޹ɱĽֵܣҲǸӢôδЩϧ
ɾϧӢ֮ġ˼ΣգɾĪҪˣеƶ˺ĺ·ǾĵˣʵΪһǿС֮һһ˵
􏪵ͷԣЩҲ
֮􏪵ۣȻɾ
􏪵ͷš
֮̾˿ұȥ԰ɡ


21 
֮뿪֮, ԽԽԼľǷȷģΪһʱ֮ģԼ, ǽ֮ɽȫĴΣ֮, һѣܱǵĩա
ְϣѦȲӦ֮Ҫ󣬰ɷ, αδú, ֻɴͱ֮һв, Ҳһ˰ˡ
ֱ, ֮ûڼҵȵļ٣֪׷ʲô£ǳʲô𣿲ʲô, ʱҲӦ̸ˣ֮ȥģҲûˡѵѦǱ߳ʲôʣ
Թ, ֮ɲӰ, 􏪵, ڵ·֮ѦǶ鼮
оͻȻžһ, ̧ͷ۾, 洫һϲ, ֮, Ͻߵ, ƿ֮, 𣿡
֮ŻѣǣվԺ˵ɾһˡ
􏪸Ͻţ֮ûн˵ɾûѡ
􏪿첽ȥôʱŻأɳԹˣ˻ڹ˵ͣסˣΪƺſһˣ֮˭
֮Ļѵݸ􏪣
􏪼ûɢ㡢ôˣôѸʱըؼˣ
֮ϻԵ˱ѦȴӦŹϣѾǸˣġʬ塯
𣿡ʡ
ûУֻǻˡضû˼࣬ҲʧѪܻ࣬ܲͿԼˡ֮˵
ͷô滹ɴأǸ鷳
֮˱ʣɾ
˵ȷǴϰɡȥһ£һŴȥ˵ǳİӣ̫ˣزã¾׼޷ӡ
˿ں󱳣֮ſڴϡ
ŻѴսһ£˵ͷûȡ֧ÿڼ׵ķ֮䣬û˼ҪûеôõѪҲûٻ·ˡ
ǡֿ֮Լҵ£̲ס̾˿ȥʰ䣬Ȼɾҹû˯ˡ
˵Բ֮û뵽ô鷳ڸ鷳
ɾô֮ԸΪɾκ£ǰǣɾΣ֮СǴˣκвɾĵطҶȻһ֮ޱ˵
ֵʱҲˣŽ崲ϵˣɽ֣ɾĽȻˣ
􏪳ֹС㣬ԺûĴҲûǸˡ
󡪡𣿡ɽһ
˵ûǹٸѾˣԺҲûкͷˡˣܻܲԼ컯ɡ
˵ɾ˯ҴȥɣռʦĴ
֮˵Ұᶫ
ԸϽȥʦˣɽҲȥæ􏪽סˣ㻹ˣǰɡ
֮ͼܿ㽫̳̳޹Ų˳ڳռľĴ̧䡣
̧˵ʱҲһ֣Ϲޱȣͷֱܹ弦ڷȡ
֮˵ǾһѦҲ֪ˣ顣
􏪿ɵ̾˿Ըȥտˮ
֮ɾҪȡͷ
ܲǼҰɡ£ҳеֽʣµҩȫ˹ֲõĹߣڹտ׼ȡͷ
֮һӣȻԱߣæ£ȻҪҪоһЩ
ҶҲ˹ͼɽֵһŻѺ֮ˮڻգ֮˵ɾҪɣ̫Ѫˡ
˵ұô⵶Ӻӡ
⻰֮û
􏪵һθ˶Ǹо쳣㤣ǰγͷʱѪӿʱ􏪼Ҫĵ֮ۼֿҩۣҩԲáҲѾΧˣֻĲס˿ԷѪ
֣֮ܿ􏪵մѪűѪ͸Ĳһ˾Ȼ˶Ѫ˻ܻ
ڣ֮˵ˣѪֹסˡ
ֽһɾĲ˿ϣȻòѾ£ʣµľͿˡ
􏪴˿˵Լʲô뷨ϣأǸɴôˡָô
ɽͼһΪҹ􏪵Ҫ󣬸ӽɢȡûճɵ˭չˡ
Ȼǰһû˯һҹ􏪻ûô˯ԴӺͷ˷츲صı仯ǰ¾õӲ֪صȥ
֮·ĵƵģס֣ģɾڣһᱣġ
􏪿ЦԲ̫֮˽ˣڸ鷳
֮˵ɾô룬ⲻ˽κһ£ģ֧ΪҲԼ롣
Ҫ֮ҪѰô죿
ǾͰɱˣɱһΣɱڶΡ֮š
Ц֮Ұĵˡ
̧֮һֻ֣ĶͷĨȥ۾ɾû˯ˣЪϢɡ
쳣棬􏪴֮۾ļȫûˣʱѾˡ
֮Ѿڼˣʳɽչ֮ȥˡ
ߵߣʣô
ɽĶͷ󡢵Һûôˡ
߹ȥһ˿ڣѾûѪѪֹסˣɫ΢ľһָ̽һ¶ͷȵģûٷգû׼ܻ
􏪻ע⵽ȻĿ㣬ˣôҲɷĺ
ڵȱҽҩũѧʿ֪Ĳҩޣﻹһҵ֪ݳǵҽݻҩ𣬻һЩҩҩũŪҩҲС
߳ţԺɨȥӣ֪˭ҩ
ͣɾҪʲôĲҩҴֶһЩҩҩҩ̡
˵ֹѪҩڷѪĶԡ
˵ҽҪҰ꣬˳ɾһЩҩ
˵ͬһЩãͷȡЩǮ㡣
áû˵ҪǮֳҩҲΪƣοɩҲʡ͵ĵƣȻ˿
ӹηˣ˲ҩݻƹġ􏪱㽫Ըɽҩˡ
ɽԼչ£ÿոҩιҩιιˮÿȥ̽ΣۼһȥɫȴԼˣֻǲ֪ѡ
Ϯһ¶ԴӰ첢ûգǵѻָ糣֮վ􏪺ϺɸϿΣҹҲ糣
ɽΪֱˣûμӳѵ􏪺ϺͯϿȥĦˣǽ̵ü棬ЩѧҲ档
ϻѧṩ˱īֽֽԼġɽþޱȣˣ􏪻Ҭ͡ʯҡ۷䡢飬ѹֵܵ˵ɾǸܵˡ
ҹĿΪȤλɾ֪֪ͨŲ񣬼ֱ֪ѹֻô˾ۼΡɽΧЩϤĶʱ飬ЩİΪҶʶˣΪֹ֮飬Լûг£Ҳһλɾϰɡ
ϣɽȺ⣬֮ｫȥٷǾĹ£ĳȵػص䣬սݣ㱻ԼĽŰ󡢴󵱼ңˣ


22 ̹
Ϣ, ζӳ£˳Ȼܻò˵Ǵ, ǵĴ鷳Ҳˡ
ЩϸǹҪͬͲűȽ׵, ǿԼװľˡȫ弸ٺ˶ϺܹѣҶ֪֮ٸӦϽ£Ӣ¼ֵ, ôȫס
οҴڻͣڴĺ̲, ҪǸٸûϵ, ⴬ٸܰ͸
϶ɵ, Խ΢תһ£ܲµĴš
􏪺֮ϸ۹£֮˵½죬ܰס
􏪺ܺ, ֮ҪôԷ͡Ѻ􏪾ûȥԷ˼, ͱ˶Է, ֽԷȻ, ɱȴһӸҪضˡ
, ɽڷ˵󡢵һλɾл
􏪺֮һ, ֮˵˷ȥ
ͷƤ飬ĻҪ극, 􏪼֮ݵ, , ҲϽϡ
ɽ˵󵱼, ɾɾˡ
ſţգڹԭſڴϣ˽񣺡лλɾ֮û
ţȲлҡ̧֮˸ֹĶ
һ£ؿ֮
֮˵˲˵ǾȵĲ٣еļҲġ
⻰ûƽˤһͷ̹׾İ취
⻰첲Ҳûסһſ˴ϣƺһŵ˵ĪҪڲ棬ЦЦ
ֱۣ֮ޱ˵ôҪ£ᶺ档ɱңҪҼɾɽ˵˲ˣҼɾΪҲӢӦôˣǱݴʷҪԺٲһ˴ڣΪǸˡʲô޲˺ú󣬱˳ս͵͵Ҽɾ֣ҲܶԴа֣ھ˽㣬º󻼡
֮ô˵ˣ˵ҾǸӢۣȴ·Ȼ壬ΪֽˣҲ㣬Ϊλ²ϣµɱ޹ѵǸԭ򱳵ۣΧǺһݹͣͣںϵĴǿߵġ
̹ȷʵõѡΪסģܵԷ
֮ô˵æֹɾ
􏪳΢΢һЦҵˣʲôȻҲҵ־ǵСˣŹң
֮⻰􏪰ζû˵Ǹжǵġ
ɽöͷֱðû뵽􏪺ֱ֮ӽ¸̹ˣ˵ṩϢˣҪǧˡ
ڣҶĬûἪɽ􏪺֮վĶ棬ҪɱΧ˺쾭壬ɽͽز׷Ź
ңȻʮֺּ̧ݺݴһ´壺ٸ߹ǾȾҴĳ裡Ҳ뿴ǣ
˵ǱǶ£ɱѡȨУҲǹٸ߹ǺվĶ棬ΪУҵĵˡ˵֮꣬뿪
žҪ뿪ɽΪѵؿ􏪺֮뿪ıӰֻͷϽȥ󵱼ҵģҶ˿ڻѿġ
һƿ˵ҵĵȫڣһŻʲô塣ɱ־ңҪ𣿡
ɽ˵ɾɾˡˡ
ݺݵһۣûϢĹɱô֣Ȼ˵ıˣҲҹ
˵ʹҪӴʧѪ࣬յߣֱӴӴϷɽæˣѾ˺ѵ˿ڣһʹ˹ȥ
ҵģҵģɽѾ޳ˡ
􏪺֮۷ˤڵϵ֮üͷɾͲþ
􏪹ȥæҲ֮飬ŲôֵܣԼҵȫ٣ܻ̩Ȼ֮
½̧ϴ
ٴ̬֮ȱüӣ˭˭õʲôˤʲôʳ˵֮ʳ
􏪺֮ҲȥȰҲȥӽֻĻεļɽһȥչ
˵ɽ㵱ҵģʹ뿪˺ˣٻ𡣡
ɽ󵱼ҵģ޴ȥˣٸսˡɾɾǺˣҲϣ󵱼ҵǱ𡣡
ǵʲôϵУΪʲôûбٸץߣûɵ
ɽ϶˰ëҿ۾ϼңȥ󣬵ܵñҲǾҡ
´һЦһԭ˰
ɽϽҡͷǣ뿪֮ģӾġ
Ҳθˣ˵ҲǷˣ
ɽͷ
ûȻǷˣΪλҪٸūԼֱ˹޿ɾҩ
ɾʳżɽԼ뿪ɽܴȥأѾûˣԼҲûˣ޴ȥ
ϣøһѻգڴߵϵķʳˣҧȥһۡɽֲˣҸ˵˶ûУɽ
ɽûлӦ֪ȥˣ۾˯Ȼ洫ƺжЦˣ
ɽΣ󵱼ҵģûԷ
۾ڸʲô˾˯
ʵǱ˯Ƕ˯š
˵ɽ£ɾɾڿΣǳ˼󵱼ҵӦȥ
ۣڿΣʲôΣ
ɽ˵ɾ˵ɨä̴࣬ʶ֣ɾҽ̵Ĺ£˼ˣ˵ĳ֮սӪ
ĬƬ̣ǵʲôˣ
ɽͷҲ˵ҾӦöͨˡɾرֽҬͣɾġ
ŤͷǽһԭΪǴ֮ңȻԼģе㱾£ҲǵСˡĶ֡
ɽ˵󵱼ҵģ㻹ǳԵɣ˲ָܻø졣
һҲ֮ʳ
ɽ˵⼦һǮģɾҵġ
ģǶɡ
ɽȥ룬ѾˣѾˣȥȡ
ءֽӹһںȸ˼ǿˡ
ɽˣɾ˵ķӹȻá
磬ϸɻ㽫һԿܼܲסīΪѧ̫࣬ī̫󣬻ƱȽʡǮ
룬􏪽űߣɾ̻ԺǲǾͲ˰
Էǲˣһֱ̻Ұ
Ҫֱ̻Ӵۼҹ׹ξ˰˵
ЦʵҲУǲð̻Ҳϸ壬ƳīƷ̫Ρ
˵ۼû룬պ˾ûˡ
õģڲ׼Լ𣬵ҤˣҪ붼С˴Ͳˣ׬Ǯ͵ö׼һǴʲôһ£ԣȻۺþ飬սһ´ȱԱ
ɾҬ룬롣ԼɾͶء
һ߸ɻһ죬ûע⵽ſ˸ˣĶԻȫȥۿŵͷӵ􏪣˫ְӨһͲǸɴֻ֣ϿŰ͸ҲӵеķɫԾǸŵĹӸˣô䵽һС
רĽһһΪɼӼס룬ռ̻ңⷨǴһƵ￴ģû뵽һ컹ϡ
Ȼɾڿǡ
ͣŤͷһܣڳżϵ¶ݳһЦЩˣˣ˵öˡ
Цݣðۣɽ϶Ǳģǣܿɱˡ
ŵôʧɫվǰ㡢ˣ˺Ҽɾ
􏪵ЦǺǵģҪڹɱɣ֮ˣûˡðɱ˹ϵˣǲɱ˵ģͺñҪģʵ롣νеĹҧˣҧ˵ĹУҲࡣ
ЦݣޱתȥƤЦһͲʲôˡ


23 
껹û, 􏪾;·˶࣬Ѿס, ͸ˡ
ݵķΪ, вľķӣ􏪾שש߷
ϸǹõשҺ, ȻҪܳʱ, ݳʪĴѾ, שɹשС, ͨǶɣһ꣬שǽϸǲݶõשС, ɵʱҲ̡
Ƶששʵãô㣬޷ǳɱԸ߶ѡѾչʯ, Ҥľ, שѶҲ̫ࡣ
Զשģ, ľ, Ȼ͹ʾһשΪ˸ʱ䣬˲, һȺͬʱ±üש, ϰ, Ҥˡש, ҲǸմԤȡ
Դҵ͹Ĳֽ, ֽűݳڷ̼˼ֽҲΪʡǮֲֽԼҺ֡
ϵĴ󣬳˹Ӧ״֮ÿһݳǣֽŶҪһաֽԴ
ʼ􏪻ûԸ常ӾѾֽˣ˺˴Ĵɶæˡ˼ȸ׺͵ܵܶҪϸ壬ĥֽĸȳơֽͬͶ಻٣ܵ􏪼ôޱȽ
ԭԴֵΪԴӼ﷿ˣᵽ֮󣬾Ͳٴˣֵأרֽ
􏪸ĹǮȴճɸߣɱȳ氲ȫˡԭһңڹñ֮ǰҪ̹ø۲ѡ
􏪴ֽģųϢֽҪͽϢһ􏪼żҪ̤ˣԼҺѧֽ
ԭռСĺӵѧͽǮ֡һĥʹЩģϾֽҲǸʹֿ졣Ǳ˼ʮѧͽǮһ٣Ժӣʦ󻹵øɼꡣ
Ǯԭ˼ңʮĺӶǼ׳ǮǼҾһӻúܼѡ
¶࣬Ҳ࣬Եе㳳􏪵Ŀöе㱻ŵҼֽĳҲСˣʩչ􏪱ֽϪһ㣬ΪϴƤҪˮ
􏪱Ϸӵשͷٸש޷ӡôвӦģǺܿ죬ֽںӱֽ߽ɹֽֽɣ常Ӵͽֽҹ
ԭ˾뿪˵úأ˿ںòˣȴ͸һ߼·ʹӦʧѪ࣬˼ˣûһصָȾ纮ȵ÷ǳ
һ䣬􏪶˺ѷεĿ̲ס֮˵ȵҪưɡһȻδ࣬˵ˣŻȲֹ
֮ˣҵġ컹Ѵ󴬿ءҪб£Լλȥˡ
ЦҪĴҲⱻռˡ
ԴһֱѰ뿪İ취Ͽεĺ˵˴Ҵ󴬣ߵߣ濴ԼĴͣںߣ˷ܵҪݴ뿪
˾ţ֮ûܰʯӺʯǴêǧصĴʯͷһŪöŹˣֻҼɽæɽȻԸ⣬⴬Ѿˣôܱ􏪣ҾҲ𲻳ôʯ
һͨ޼µƢŪ˼磬ԭֱڲˡ
ûд֮ǳϲƢ̫ˣǵǵģ˦Ӹ˿̵ģȻвҪɱҵ£ʵһΣҪţΪǿҲܴ򷢵ѦȰ˽ԼȻǲܷŻɽģ֮ͷʹĵطʵһ鷳
˵ֻǴȷҪĶ϶Ը⹰ˡ
֮ɿش𣺡Ȼ
˵㻹ϳһ´ɡ
֮˵֪ˣ˯ɡ
գ֮ȥݳֽ˳ȥһ˴ʷ黹ˣٽ􏪵İţѦȴһֽΪл
Ѧ٣ɻΪͷʹ֮٩
ѦǸӣˣСүЦˡɲðǧôˣز£Ҫ׳ҵģһȺͰͷγȥΡ˲
֮Ц󣬻ˡ
ѦȵԲ۾૵ӲСүǧ˸ҿסඣųȥ˷ˣͷҪ
֮˵ȻῴסѦ˴ɷġճпϢ
Ѧȿˣѹ˵յtΪ̫ӡ
֮ЦһȻtóԹ֮ӣҲܾƽ۳谮ΪҪǣԹ΢ûǿȨݣǾƽΪġ
Ѧȳһ£о仰֪
˵˵޷
Ѧ˵УλխСүҪˡ
лѣ֮Ȼס֮˴ֽϣҼɾˣ輸Ҽɾ͸˵л񡣡
˵Ѧȷһ£ɾƷˣɾлȻѷϣѦҲСƣϾүţһѪҪջسԼɿﲻ𡣱Ͼҵ˲Ϣ䣬һվӲãܾɱ֮õİ취ǲ׽Ҳѹһʵľ롣
֮˵ƷʲôֽҼԲɾ˵Сá
Ѧȶʱ˾񣺡ֽԼģǽշмǲֽҲģ
֮ͷǡֽֽϸ
ѦЦҸЩֵ
֮˵ҪǶϱǡ
УѦ͸¶һϢҪǼۣǶڻһЩ
ȥʱ֮ȥ˴Ǵ֮ôԼǣ˻
ҪƲ༥̬ʲô˲ǵ⣿ơ
֮༥Ҳϵˡøϵ㣬ӰҼɾϢˡ
ȻӰǣǱѴңԶԶģ۾ɾˡ˵
Σ֮˵Ϊ
첲˭֪ȫϣ֮һʱѻָ첲ĳһ۵òҽһ첲ҲԵȫû֪
⹦겡ֿҩֽ֮ͻȥ˳ץҩ
􏪰ŵڴߣ˵ҪĴ԰ɣ
һû˵
˵⴬ѾˣҿԻ㡣
ƿƤбڴ⻰α
􏪽˵ȨңʹȨԹ㡣ʹãҪѭҵԭ򡣡
ҧгݵʣԭʲô
˵ݺĺ꣬ȥĵطز١ҵĴܽӣɱˣֻ̡
Цʲôô
ṩԱǮҷߡ˵
ҷȥһڼɣȻˡ
􏪰ڰ֣ǿװǡݺĺǡϲģκγɱԼϲ£׬ǮֶΪ
ѪͿ˺һ󣺡Ǵҵġ
Ѿˡ
ҽɱˣҵˡ
޴޸֮ɵΪβڶ֣ɱˣҲߡ˫֣Це˵
̧ڴشһ£Ǹ첲ոձ֮δȫʧ
վɵҲһҵ顣ǮɰĶǮԼЩ޼ҿɹ֮ˣӢۡ
̲סʣҪǮʲô
˵֪ûһ仰ϴ󲿷⣬Ǯ⡣Ǯӭж⡣ҵȤ׬Ǯ⡣˵꣬ʩʩȻ뿪
˰Σϵ⣬Ǯ⣿˵ʵǻޱȣȻϸĥһ£ƺֶеͨ􏪣ʲôˣҪʲô⡣
ҹ֮˵ռѦȴϢ􏪶˭̫ûʲôȤ֮ʮࣺɾұüӰ㡣Ҳ˽
˵˵̫ӻɱң
ųܡǸյݱ̣ͣ£Ƕæ֮λȥˡڴѶtų켺ˣѾݵ·ˡ֮˵
̾һ̫ӣȻһôƫԶĵطʲô÷ĵġԻȨûȤֵĴ롣
֮Цɾػ̹˲ˡtСƲ¼ɣխδܼɾ
ҡͷҰ
֮סļ磺֮ػɾ
ֱ֮ڣҴδĹԼİΣ
̫֮£􏪸һ£˵ҪǼۣŴụ̃¹ĸزٵóҲǳʳ⣬һΪҪ˰ԴǼۣζų͢ȱǮˡ
ԡ
˵ѦȺɹεĿֶ󣿡ʡ
֮סˣɹΣ
ԣ֪һɹηθΪЧɹΣ˵Ѧܷһ𣿡Ȼ˶ȡģǵ½ˣҲȱΣҲá


24 
֮Ѿ˵ԼҵǸðʲôо, ͸ԼҪ߲֣ܵ, Ȼÿλǻᾪ, ̶µͶء
ͱ˵שմɣҪɹΡҵ뷨ڲͬҪʲôȥ, ҵҪʲôԼ, һܳɹ
żỳĵ±һ, ־ȥ̫ð, οϲڵӣأ, ȫ߱߷緶ҪǣôԼδ
֮¶εЦݣɾ, ˽αץ˿
˵ֲڴ󰲹, ȥ
֮ȤȻɾȥΣ
˵, ȻСȥ, ò˹Ҳ
֮ЦɾĿɲС
԰һĺء
֮˵ҸȥѦ̸̸
˵⼸վͽȥ, Ǹ˵ȥҲˡ
á֮ڴӦ
Ҳǽȥֽ, ·ѿɣֵ, ץʱҲ, ȻִһҪ, Ҫ˿֯˿в˿֮·ǰ
ֻ֯治ܸɵ˵ģԸ˵㣬ԻǵͶǻۡ
ˣвҶ˴˿ôٵ˲ҶءǰԲҶйһЩоҲ裬ͷȥɽңôãһļܲɲ裬ȫԴģֲ
֮ΪȥһݳǣΪߣȥݳǾͷˣʱܸء
ͦһϻ߼һֻױƵø􏪿
ϲѣֽ鿪ʼڵĲѣ˵Ӧǿ˰ɡݵůͣϳñȱ粻١ģ֮û첻¡
֮Ļŭţֳеɾô𣿡
˵̫ʹǸũ𣿡
ˣôҽװ֮˵
֪ͷһЩ˵
֮Ƭ̣˵ɾûȥѦ˵ɹε¡Ÿոֽ˵ҪɹΣģ˵
⺣һʱˣԺ˵˿񡢲Ҷûʵɹε¿ȷŷţοûɿء
常˵ҪңգץʱһңСĶС
􏪼ҶæϾʱ䶤ҵļӣɽˣȥˡãڴҶˡ
֮ҲԶֻ֣ãһ֮͸һ֮ӡ
􏪾вסֻûȥռ̻ңÿ۲һ²֣ϱûз
ֱĵ죬ֽ֮Ͽ˼ɫСӣڳˡؽϸСĲϱŪڼɣҶϣǽ̵ɣҶеһ㰼ȥСʱϵˣС
ϲɣҶеĲϱûˡȵڶյգĲϱƿǶˣɣҶϵҲĸŮŮЩǸĸᣬ硣
õòУһһůͣϺѾ׼º鱴ˡʵȥ궬ºģ̵ĸȰˣһʱˮµͣ岻ãĸֲĳɻҲӰ졣ˮůˣȲҪºˡ
֪ƾϺһ֮ĸԶԶģӴйһЩȥ鱴ǮǻԼΪܿıǡ
ʵ˷ѽ⣬Ҫ𣿿ֲ񣬵Ҫ鱴ʲôأѵҪ鱴⣿ǳԹ鱴ⲢȱıóԣѲ鱴бĹЧ
Ȼɻ󣬵ҲԸȥܵһģԼҲܿ顣Ȼ􏪵ıܺ飬ÿβɻıʮ֮˾ŶûģοҲչûˡ
ֻϺвΪ츣ȴҪԸṩ鱴Ŀ϶ܶ࣬􏪵ĵǶԵģ˹²ø֪ˣһһҧپͲˡ
ɽ˵Ҫ鱴æɱǡһֱˡչƽʱҲɵʼûй̶ĸλʵǲģΪ˶׳԰׺ȣܳ£ȻҪһ㡣
ûоܾɽԸæȻãڱǶơ
ȥ飬Ҳȥɱǣûͬ⣬̫Сɱ̫Σˡ
һγǲɻǧöǣ㹻æһˡȻûвɱǣ֮ȴûֹͣ˼ӹĶ٣һҲõǧöˣԽԽɣԽԽС
ΪǧöֲĹе󣬼˶ӣ뵽һȥͣںߵҴ󴬡⴬Ҳǿţ􏪾͸ֲɻصĸڴ׵ĺˮҲֱӷŻغˮУɻʻߡ
􏪸ʱ֮Ϻ顢ɽ˼鶼ڳóô˻ֲΪ˻˼׹ߡ
֮֡ɽ􏪽йӵģϴ
ɽȻܵ˵£һֱûôȿһСԲεʱŽͰ͵˵⡢飿
􏪻û˵˼ͿˣǼ飬˹顣ŽͱˣԺҲȥˡ
ɽŰɣܳ
􏪽ȡֲ˵ıǷŽˮ˵ǧȷٰ
Ϻ˵ɾ࣬飬ٹ꣬ǾͲˡɾ˾츣ǧﰡ
ɽǲ̫ôһ飬ٸҲУȷ鲢ֻһ룬ܹʵʩġ
Ϊֲ􏪻ѧ˼٣ĿθĵϡΪ߳ʱϹ߾̫ˡ
ڴæµɽѾĸŵˮСĸҪգȷûû³תƵѦָһƬȥֳ
ɽշźӣͻȻ˽ɽʲô
ɽû´ȥ̧ͷһ󡢴󵱼ҵģôˣ
һС洬ϣͷſڴߵļɽ㽫ݷ£ȥǽ˳뿪ˡ
ռˣڼҴģﵽˣһѾ˻ˮͷϲϽһ洬˹
Ϊ˸ĸṩõ滷ǽˮƽʱ´ǻСġɽЩεؿǺЦ֪˵ʲôá
ߴ٣Ͻš
ʱ֮Դϴô͵ߣ
ͷ֮Ÿ첲ӸµؿԼǳ˳飬ôҲڴϣôǸ􏪿϶ҲڡռˣӶҴϣ⴬ҵģҿߣԭν͵
⴬Ѿˣɾģ㿪Ǿ͵ԡ֮˵ת뿪
ֱôݺһˮ棬ˮĽŪʪԼ·
ɽſǶЩΪ˵󵱼ҵģɾɾڴϣȥܲ
ɱˣԼĴҪͬˣҲ̫ˡ
ʱɽͻˣһ߷һ˵󵱼ҵģҲʵ
ͷߵģǾ̫˸ˣץסݣݺݵ˵أҪ͸ҴӦˣԺ⴬ĴԺ˭ҪͬС
ԼıϤˣϴøɸɾļװ壬ƺ½ϹһͩͣĻߡһʶࡣ
ɽ˵Ƕڴ
⻹˵𣬼װûˣȻڴֱ˴գȥ㿴􏪺ͼΧһʲôûϸǴһ´գϴùˣɸɾģûζҲû߰Ķ
􏪷ӣȡĿӣǷŽˮУ̧ͷ˵ɵңղѾӦҺˣ죡˵ų֡
֣ЩĪûлӦֻʣʲô
˵˹顣ջ֣˲ˡ
·췽ҹ̷߽˹飿
ɽϽô£һһ߿æµţں鱴ۼֿؽӿסȻƵС⣬һѼǯӼסһԲӷŽС
¼ֱδţ黹ʣԺܱ飿
˵ڳһʽʱһãͳ顣ģǸǸ
̧۴􏪣ε֪Щ
˵ĥ飬ô£һɳӡ
˵һɳӱ飬һôӽȥһɡ
̧бкβһ˴ˣͲˣ
һʱܸокǿƭԣ˵˵
Цǽ͢飬Ǽء˵ɸȻһԲ˿ӰۣǼٵģ
ôһ˵ʱȻˣ鶼Щݶ͵ĴٹˣǾͲкöǸٸģ
˵ٸ˹飬ԺͲˡ
Ϻ˵ɾΪ츣أʵһĴ¡
ã̧ۿ􏪣ͷһξ˳Щ


25 Сè
ֲ빤˺ü, ˵Ŭ£ɡûиõߣĸ, װʯͷ, ٸָƬ໵ÿ궼Ҫ顣
ڹٸ̵ĺֳıǻǻڱ˷ֲ͵͵̵ķ, ʧ϶ⲻ˵, ȥ, ֻҪܴ, ҲǷǳɹ۵ġ
һΣ˾飬ԺҲһŪôˣ̫, ۾Ϲ˵ָ֮ͷЩʵ۵ֳ, ϧǮġԺһŪٸ, ջ, ҲǷǳɹ۵, ӦϹȫ㹻ˡ
ǶõȥͨҲÿһݳƷ֮ݳ, Ϊ٣ϡΪ, ô־Ͱײ˼ˡ
, 􏪸, ʰö, ׼שȥ˽סˣһ£л˵
􏪻ͷվϵıЩȻԼ˵վסˣɵҿ£
ʣʱƺûƺ􏪣ÿζֱӽ㡣
˵أⶫû׼ãҲû롣ɵҵҲҪúõɡ
˵ܷ뿪һ󣿡
ҪȥĶǴ£˵û׼ǲҷߵģһһȥǾݻɽ֮鷳ʹˡ
ԥһ£ǰڸһЩ޴ȥ˺͹¶ͳʳûȥˣеĲ£ûȥ
Щ⣬ΪҪؼȥû뵽ȥЩˡûظֻʣȥ֮кδ㣿Щ뺢𣿡
ҡͷ֮ǰΪҸ֮أͳʳòȥֵȥˡ
šüͷȷǸ⣺ͷҸ׼Щʳȥǰɡ
̧ۣؿΪҪң
ǰ㣬ǰЩ޼ҿɹˡ˵꽫ֱ󣬳ȥˡ
Ͻ첽ȥ֮ˣǱ􏪣ʦġЩɻʣɾߣ
˵շһˣҪóϷǿҲõġ
˼룺ɾ֮ɵҳһɾóϷɾ£˾ɾˣУɾ˲书ĶʦȻ⻰ɲ˵
߳Ժӣ·ѾƵĵʳҲˣ⵾ٻ²ջԵȥһЩʳС
һ£ȻֽĽһֱûͣʯҤҲһЩ￪ҲǰЩչǾͻһʣҪשҪôˣĶҪǮʳֵһʲСĿǻǮˮȫܲǮǵó׬Ǯ
ȥשʦǺĺ࣬ששһ濪Цһɻ滹ͦɡҲ죬⹤͸ýˣ͸õש֮Ҥˡ
תשʯҤȥֺֽֽģ􏪸յſڣͱɿˣ˷ܵ˵ɾ쿴Ҹֽ㿴òá
ҴܵܵĻϽתŹճɾ㿴һֽȻеһȳһյġ
􏪿˴ֽƺɫֽŲͬǣֽɫǳǳѾӽɫˣһԴЩҪ֮ǰֽΪ⻬һ£ֽǴʲôģ
ɺٺЦһһƤƤʯַ֮ϪˮƯϴ˼գɹȻϴּֽһְɫ֭ȻˡɾֽΣ
˵ŲñʺīЧ
˽ֽıīմī֭дһ֣±ɬͣұʷɾȫȾֽ֮ǰǿɣһ˶٣
ֶۣڶ֭е٣һһֻ˲ʮš
˵߶԰ɣҲûϵҲżֽļ۸ҪԵĹһҴ㶨ġ
Ҷ̾һֽģʲôһ׶İ
˵ɣֽ㽫һ㣬Զ֣ͷҸߴ硣ֽȫֽͷѧ黭ģ壬ȫǮɲС
ϲ̵ŴƵֽڴ£ֽţĹǮӱ
ϢһڳѧͽͶĽ񣬴ɵĹǮԭͱǸߣӱˣǸǸߵˣɲĽ
Ӹ˵ͬʱָϽ˵ɾʹãⶼǷ֮£ĻüӹǮ
Ҳ־ܾɾҲüӹǮֻҪɾֽþСԺһӱŬõֽ
Цеذ֣²飬ֽߣнõֽţӹǮƾҪôãнŻд¡
һֺֽǺǵߣɾֽһ˭أ
˵еǮ˱˵ģǶʮĶԸ򡣡
ôǮզ࣬ԭΪɾǮˣû뵽иǮˡ
˵Ժ㳤ˣȥĵطˣ֪Ǯҵʲô̶ȣƳֶġ
ôôǮأʡ
ô᣿ظһ飬˵ЩͨԼĴͣ˳ֵۡأ󣬿ϳԿֳ࣬ʳ˶࣬ʳȥأأؾͶˣֵܹأԼֻ⣬Ǯȥӿ꣬ѩһͳ˸̡
ҲЩ˿Ͳܵģֿ͡Ӣºǻ۵ĲƸġˣȨռԴ˾޼֡ĳ˼٣ұܴӹٸõɣԴɻȡɵй˵
üͷⲻɾ˵Ĺ̹𣿡
԰ԹŹ̹ᶼǳ̬ǮȨһģȨǮ̫ˣǮͻ취ʸȨԴԼǮ˵
˵ǮȨʲôö
ЦбôͲǺöˣãΪʲôô˻
ɾ˵ˣ̹ĲƸԲǺö
􏪾߼ߣԣǮȨĲƸȻǺõġǮȨǺöֻҪãȫΪıʹղܼ䡢֮ࡣ
˵ˣɾ˵ȨҪںǺö͸ɾ
ͷЦҿûҪʲôȨ
ɾΪı𣿡ʡ
ŤͷżС⻹ͦϬûҪʲôȨ̣ҲܰһЩաǿȥȡҾ͵ͦáⱲˣǽԱˡ
ԴɾҪҲҪ
ЦЦû⣬СպˣȻԼҪʲôҪȨҲأŷʱĵײӵܣŶ㲻ϣͲΨһƾģžսˡ
Ҳ˵ãʱôңӢۣ˵ʲôԵҵˣϣʱֳܱģҪΪԼˡ
û壬һϲͷһȻ֮ˣ֮
ʦŸͷʦʱҲ¶ϲ֮ɫʦӢ䣬ʲôʱܽҲͺˡ
֮ϵͣ£ɾʲȥĶˣ
ֽȥֽˣ˺ֽ
ǸáɾҴȥ֮
􏪿˿ϵͣ˵˰ɣ߻ȥãҲԶ
֮װժӸţûȥ
æסǣʦ
ֽ֮һԼǰ
􏪣˵Ҳ𣿡оֵֹġ
֮Լͳһë׵СŽ􏪻ɾš
􏪵ͷԼëף⡢һֻСèԣ⻨ƿǱèҰﰡôˣ
֮˫һӣ˵Եʱ򿴼һֻèҧֻСèˣèˣֻʣֻţҽˡ֪ܲƺû̡
􏪿һ£Ȼһֻû۵Сè룺Լǹẹ̀ҧǰιè̡ȻԵ֣Ǿɣ֪ܻܲụ̂ǵιʲô𣿡
֮˵ͷ˭û̵ĸĸè
á
􏪸֮˵Ҫȥ֮£֮ʣɾӦˣ
˵ţҴӦȥһЩʳͷȥһˣ
֮üͷҲɾڼҡ
м𡣡
СҲŸϰ伸£̫ǳڼҸ㻹Уҹ䲻УҲġ֮˵
ͬһȥ˳ȥЩˣ˵
֮˵ҲС
صң􏪱üȥ˭ĸĸèˣСèȥ̣˵ֻһǹġĸèû˵
Ƭ̣ȷʵҲûôԼӶ𹷣ô죿֮ܲȥ̵ֻ򣿡
ϼĵã􏪱Сẹ̀˵ɾǴСẹ̀ṵ̂ɣ􏪽ĲַһЩҲٸչϼ롣
˵֮ɽϼصҰèụ֪̂ҵõ֭
ϼ˵ȥţʣҵĸţǰղŸͷСţӦţ顣
ϲ⣺лѣø裬ȥţֵţСèȡ
룬ͣɾţôȡأ
˵
Ǹ棬˼ȥϼӹЦС˼ȥ֡
˵ǻԼȥɣҲһξͿԵģõСèءܲÿζ鷳
֮˩ι˲ϣ˵ɾȥɡ
ἷ̣˵һȥţҲԹվǶü֮ȥȽбϡ
􏪱֮ȥţţ飬ţҲǵѧε֣˵λɾҪţ飬᲻ͬ⣬ȥţŪǵĽţؽĸţǣ˳
ţ˵ɾûţ飬ô
֮􏪣ɡϴһ˿ײĺΡ
ЦǺǵ˵ɡȻûţ̣ǿ֮ἷ̡
֮Щðɣɾ
˵վһԣҿŵ㣬ţƢˡ
֮ô˵㲻ˡվԱ߿̣􏪳һ£һʼûţˣض˶ţϽһţͷ֮Ҳŵ֣ţȵ
􏪻ڵ￴Ļ棬£κ˳ؽ̼˳֮һϲˡ
ЦǺǵؼһ̵ķˣллţţͷ͵ĸţҲôߴ̡
ȥ·ϣ֮ľ裬еɫ֭Һǳпû뵽ɾᡣ
治ýˣΪϲдҲܿĸι̣˵һ£Ҳġ
֮治˼ţ顣
Сèں̣һκ˲٣Ƕˡ˸ǩһë̼Сèű㡣
֮ǳ鶯ţòУҵ־ĵ̫ˣ·һŲۡ


26 
Ҫ, ¶ðһ¡ֽտששǳǰͿ깤ˣֻɹڼעУڵǲ쫷, ΪҲ²쫷磻ʯҤиϺտһ¡
¶ӺͼãչСèţ, ΪΪ飬ǺܿѧˣӿˣԵǻո
þͽϺˣ֮, ȴͣ, ѡֺӳ, Ժѵ, ˣɽء
֮􏪵ķԸǧʳȫװϴ󴬡ǰ, 􏪴ӴйһЩ˵ϾôĴûзʱ, ⿿Ǽǲܻġ
ʵֻǧʳ, òôĴ, ҲͽôһҴ, ʱսɺֻٸΪսƷˣ͢, ĴΪ֮Ҫˡ
ں̲ϻӱ, Ҳȥ, ɾʦ, ˵ﻹҪ, Ҳͣ
ڴͷŰԼԭԽԶԵ֮˵û뵽ôܳˣϧ󡣡
󵽵ʲôõطɾá
Ҳ˵ܾǺĵطԴݣҲ֪ԭϻô£˾һ⣬Ųһ⡣˫ԺԳװϵȥ
֮ۼֿ죬ĺԣڼװϣԷĵͷɾϲݵ
ϲȣһֻۿտͽ׵ƣһһεģһǵɣ֮ϲ𣿡
֮ͷɾϲҲϲ
ۣһĸ첲ⲻԣϲҵ־㲻ΪϲҲϲ̫ûˡһÿǷ㡣
֮濴˵ģɾϲұϲν
ı֮ӣ
֮⻰һ£ۿе㷢ȣͷһ£􏪰ζû˵Ҳ˵仰Ҳ㹻ˡ
􏪵߱ûнģֻ죬Ȼʲôԣ˳ָоȥײ֮˫̶һС˲ٿȻԼδҲԼҪ˵ʲôԵ˴ˣһָо·֮İء
ɾ㷽Ų˵Ҫзˣˡɽ˵ӡ
֮ȷӦƿߣغ
􏪾͵طһ£ˣˡʱһƺе̣̫ɹİɡ
ȥɽ⴬ǳªӱ֯ģҲܾһζ۵Ͷǻ̫˾̾ˡ֮䴩鲼ƬһԱͨƷķȺͽǶƴٶȺͷ򣬸оǳ档
ȻǸ֣ͼɽ˾ܽ޴ķٽݹͩ͵ĳǶһغ˷򣬳Ŀĵʻȥ
􏪺ʣɵѧݴˣ
Φϣĵش𣺡ࡣ
б֪Ҷ󣿡Ҳû˭˵ԼͰɣһظһʱ˵һҶɲû뵽ȻҲ֪ˣ˽´Լ
ûٻش˵ʵ֪􏪵ʱǼΪ𾪵ģʮɣȻǻۺ͵ʶӷǳ
􏪼Լʣɵҹ

Ʋ죺ֲǹң仹ʲôġ
ɽЦˣ˵Ǵ󵱼ҽʮˡ
һ£ǲʮͿʼݴˣɵԭʲôģܲһʼǺɡ
Ȼɽ֪飬Ҳõ˵˸ûȤ֮һؿȻôҵ£ҪǵҪԼȥѵˡ
􏪻˸⣺ɽʲôʱܵжԶ
ɽ˵Ӧȥ壬˺ͺҪǱߡ˴һһҹ·̡
ߣȻкüݵ㡣ٳǰ֮ǹ􏪸һȥߣв൳͵ȥ⡣
˼ɽɽ֤κ㳲ΪǶԹݳȫ֮ߡ֮ݸŵģп
ɴ˿ɼǸҰĵļһ涯ռΪͷ
ڷ̫ãںһҹڵڶհִĿĵءϤĺһײİ¶͵ı飬æС׼ϰ֮סˣţɫϰ
ؿ֮ÿ
֮˵ǳէĵϸҲҲȫΪˣ㲻Ҽɾ˺ǽϰ
˵֮ǲϰɵҺͼɽȥɡѾ˼ſڣ㻹ȥҪ
֮􏪣ɾҲκΣ֮С
ЦЦ֪Բϰڴϡһܱҡ
֮ԥƬ̣ÿȥ
ǼС뿪ʱѼɽΣ㶼Ҫһ㱨һ
ɽͷʾԼһ
􏪺֮ڴϵȼɽأԭΪڰϣղŻû뵽ڵʱȻͼɽһ𷵻ˡ
ϴ֮˵˻һ¡
ʣʲô£
˵߳Щ״ҪЩ뿪Ƿеطǣ
􏪱ͻҪŪôֲⲻЩʳҪЩˡ􏪺֮һۣʣжˣ
˵뺢ͯʮˡ
ЩͷԼǲǸԺôܰõôˣ˵ģⷿӾͲס߷ʲôˣ
˵Ҳڼ䣬˹մСץסˣҽǹӴһ١ӻģһѻŵķˣҿûˣҲû֮ˣǶ¶˯š
Ϊѵ˵ҲԸʵûеط
˵ǣԺ⺽ó׵ֻɡ˼һøСˡ
􏪻ڿôЩˣûüش˵ֻһɣ˰ɣ
æ˵ԣԣɰɡ̫٣Ͼȥס
˵һɰɣҹ¼ҹˣǮҪҲΪǡЩ˺ͺӣҪΪգҲҪЩӶʶ֡
􏪵ͷԡʲôʱ뿪
˵հɣھȥ˽ϴ
뿪֮֮˵ɾôΰã
öͷҲ֪ӻûءȥ˵ͷȻֱȷʵͷôͱɸԺˣһû
úܿ죬ǰ˴кҪˣЩ˰ѹưȼҵȫˣǰء
һοЦһ߰æЩ˺ӽϴа׷ԲԵߣиոն̵ӤǼ굽ʮ겻ȵĺͯꡣҡҷĻ£Ƕ˷ֲ􏪺֮Ӵ˽˵ʲô
􏪿Ⱥ²Ƽݵˣ˵ˣǾͶհɣ󣬵
˴գ􏪰żɽȥЩҲܾûкúóһˡ
˵£ŵܵǸɾɾͷԺǾǵʦˡ
һ䣬һʮˣһҪ˵ˣʦͷ˵Ŵͷǰȥˡؿͷ
ŵһˣסһˤ֮ۼֿסɾСġ
􏪰ֻ֣Ҳǵʦ
˵ԺǶʶˣʦʲô
˵ҲʦʦɣԺǵʦǾҵѧͺñ֮ϰ䣬еѧ䣬ǻĲɣͲЩ˽ʦýɾֻм˼˰ʦģͽܡ
˵Ǿͽʦ
Ⱥӱϵغʦ
ͻȻֶжʱȥƵѧѧôεĸоˣˣɡϢһ£ȷԷ
􏪽ԼĴգ֮ɾôЩˣ
˵ѼŪɴ̣ͨСסһ䣬ɺͶʱסֽȥСǺͼɽסһ䡣ȥϴҽһ䣬סţ
ֻˣȷӸǺ°š֮˵˯ҺðţԷǴ⣬һô졣ɾʡǮɱˡ
üͷȷʵˣӡմʹȵȣĸҪǮͻȻ飬ЦǺǵؿ֮֮
֮Цݣ֪ʲô½Լȥˣɾ˵
ȥȥѦȣҲʳ
Ѧȣ֮
˵Ѧݰյĸĸ٣Ůӣ⸸ĸвܵĵŪʳ
֮Цõؿ􏪣ɾٲֲֻɺսǲ⿪ַģѦȿҲûôĵ˽Կַ
˵Ǿͽ˽һ񣬶Ůˣһĸٻ첻ʡʡͳˡ
һ˵ûǮأ
ôûǮ͢ٺ»һ꼸ǧʯһôҲԲɡƿϹûˮ֪ʮѩѦҲʲôԱ̵ò١
֮Цһȥ֮ȥʷʡθѦȽЩ˵
˵ֱ˵գ˵ԸҲôˣֻܴȥ͵ԣЩ˳ˣһɽ㿴ܲܡ
֮Цɾ
ʱȺ˵˯Է⣬дµأǴ鷳֪ԼԺӲùˣԺôõġ
˵ĺ統ңҵЩӸɲУȻϿΣʣµʱֻܵˡһһ£ɣ˴鷳Ͳðˡ
뵽􏪱ҹڴ˹ƶ
س磬ȥʱʱҪտʼﺢӻֱͦѴϳ˹ƵġϿռޣǱҲ􏪵ûȥܡֹģһҾͶˣóﺢӻͦɵġ
죬ڻص˼ҡ˴˸һȭͷѾ֮кöӵĺ˵ˣؼң


27 
􏪳ȥ, ʮĸˣг˾Ϊ, мˣʣ¶ʮӣʮ꣬СĲһ, , ҲС֢
􏪿, ͻȻʶ, ȱҽҩĹŴΣжءô˺ͺ, ȴһҽĶû, һи֢ǲҪ, Ҫĺȥѧҽ
֮֮˳ǣҪѦ̸ʳ⣬ҲҪһЩƥôˣҪԷҪ¸Ǳ, Ѿů, Ҫޱˡ
ɽͼֵܸϽȥŴ̡Ͻˮ, ôϴϴͷͷʭӵ, һɶ⡣˾Ȼ˺ܴɧ, 巢֮ĸ, ͷһҲ˵Ҫ꣬˭Ҳꡣ
􏪺չСӣûСͷֻǼ̣ϼӺ취ȥʭӡ
µ·ȫŵˮ̹ɱʭӡæڣȺ˲ǿϴɾ
ǴŴǽæƳ£ŶӵųԷ
ǰ֮վڶǰӽ𣬴ҾͰﵱԼļңסڷеխԺٸǷӣͲôӵˡǼңҪϸǵĹء
ҪѭĹأ׼ܶŹ׼͵׼СȵȡʮӰֳ˼飬ÿѡһӳڹ͵ǲвعģȡͷʩ
􏪻س·ĥĹ취ôຢӿôܣֻҪмͷ£˾ûˡȥþ»취
֮˵֮ǿһ飬ҪعأӰš
ЩӺܶͶСʲôغҪֻſ㿪վ̨ߣַʳǲ׷һһӺͼѡһһԶٴ٣˵ǴٳԶ٣˷ʳܱ
극ȥϯ³ԷСΪλҪչСġ
Ȼ˹ܱʵĸÿ˰׵ķķȻЩֻмСȻĴη֮ܳԡȥжٶܳԿա
ϯλϣ֮ѹ˵ɾҪԺưɣһֻһη
􏪿һۣʱãҪ֮ǰûԱġԺͻˡȺ˳Եö࣬ǳŻ˶ӡ
ȻѾˣҹñҪǰ˲ǷԸ˲ȼˡ
ûⳡ棬еǳ棬ҪʲôȵҹÿЩ˲ŷ֣ԭô˼£ʶ֣й
˶ϲĻǲµĺӣҲúܶҹŻһһر¡ЩҲ²ڻš
ý֮󣬴λط˯վϣĺ˷ۣܵҾ˼ܳԱȣй
֮ǰ˵̫ܵء
˵㣬ǲ׼ܣ׼͵´ˣⲻ

ЦˣﺢҰҰ˵㣬վǵסóԺջֻҪúǺǰ;ġ
Ҹ˼·Һæһ죬ϻ˿Σ˿ƣ֮СӵϾ˯ˡϨ֮􏪻ȥ鿴һ£ȷû£ŻԼ䡣
֮˵ɾҲЪϢɣ⼸Ҳ۵ġ
􏪴˸ǷáѦ˵ʳʲôʱ֮ܵרȥѦ̸£ѦȻͦ⣬֮˵˵һ飬Ѧ֮ܺ࣬ڴӦ
ʵʳѦ˵ֵ࣬ʮӡƽÿÿһףҲͽǳ£⻹ʡųԡǲҲ֪׹􏪾ãҪûдĽԼôˡ
ӦһЩ֮˵
̾սԷܳԼأ
֮ͻȻЦѹҪȥ٣żٺˣԷһʾ޴Ŀ
˵Ǽٺȫ׳Ͷ٣ǾǺݶ͡ûԼ˺Сͷ󣬲ˣ˯ɣͷȻֱ
ҪϨϢţ֮ʣ˭
ңеǡ
􏪹ȥţɵһû˯ɡ
ţǣȭոλ鷳ˡ
лģ􏪰ڰ֣Ҳã˶˵㣬еңȴҶϤ˾ͺðˡ
ӻһ˶࣬ôﻹһЩǮȥðɡ
􏪿͵ǰĲҾˡлɵҡ
תˡ
􏪽ӹǸĲһ澹ȻһЩ𶧣ʮ֮쿴
֮һЦһиԷӦˡ
􏪺ǺЦ˯ͷҪءҾˡ
Ǯ˯ȾˣٲõĴҶӡ
ϻǳ˵״һӷˣһӶۣ􏪳˸ӣо飬һЩӣӺҹ㶼˯ˡ
ҿڣԼ治֪ô죬룬治װ
ڶһ磬֮ͿʼﺢӲ涨ÿʱһʱͷһĺӵӺԣ֮ûпǣտʼиӦڡ
곯ʳ􏪾ͿʼϿΡӽøˣΪˣ˯أ񲻹УϿΣͶ
ϺͯҪϿΣµģȺտԭʮӣڼʮģнʮˣҲˣϯض
ѧҲ֮ǰѾѧǴ㿪ʼڿεʱȻһãҲòֳ̡
ֻ􏪺ϺĹˣԭһʱܽĿΣҲʱÿ˵øһʱ
һϿΣѧֻΪ档ҲЩʹıȽ϶£֪ἫѵãΪҲԼܶʶ֣ѧϰ̬ȼ档
Ͷʱ䡣ʱûµĹ􏪾ʹһĺȥæƤ˺СһĺæƤ㡣
ֽҪƤ֮ǰֲΪ˽ʡʱ䣬Ƥһݵģȷ͹ϴһֽȾƤɫֽɫƫƫڣֽȻԣдֽţҪ˹Ƥģ͵²ܵ͡㹻֣ܹǰȥƤˡ
ȺУֻĸСһʮ꣬СĲꡣΪӺͽеĹɫˣ˼Ѿͷͯϱе¥ġһ˵ŮԾƷ
⼸µģιӷŻ¼ҪմʮС
ûи⼸СѾͷŰƤĹǽǽӣǰæ¡ժɣҶϡ֯Է֮࣬ҪרӾͱǼСԸ֡
˶ˣҲͶˣ״ȻҲˡﺢ˹̵ܽҲմȾ˲ٻϰ¶ݣ͵ϰߡ֮һʹкû죬дӳԼҶ˼˿ĺ͵ȥˡ
֮ðɣܿͽ׾˳Ҫ巣
е˵һҿͲˣЩǼǳԲǴ򡣼Ȼ͵˼ҵļǾһֻ˼ҰɡûмǮһֵֻԼʮģĸһһٸӰɣĸһģֵʮģٲ꼦ӣǾһٶʮģĸʮģһʮġ˭˼˭⡣ûǮȥծ˼Ϊֹˣڱ˼ʱ򣬼ǲṩģԼ취
͵ĺһͨ㣬Ҫ⳥һٶģŵ亹ˣûôǮô͵һֻȻҪôǮ
֮Į˵ûУھȥ˼Ǹ˵ԸǸɻ
˵ţЩһԼҲһȥһȥ˼ΪֹסˣԼﲻṩ˵ȱǳԵģȱǺȵˣȻҪ͵˼ҵԡȥ͵ηܳˣΣ͸ϳȥԼıɣǲŽ̲͵Сˣ
У˵ҵƢ͸ð⼸ӽȥιˣ֪ôĶǹʥ飬ô£鶼ȥˣⶪԼʦǶҵ˵̧ȾҪȥˡ
סˣɵңôŭ֮Ի᷸Ϊ֮ǰĻëûĹҼңҪĹҲ޳巣ֻ˰ɣ
Ǽŵɪɪĺæͷˡ
⼸ȥ˼ǸҽӸ˼ңðæɻֻ
֮ôۣҪɱӺ֮Ҳ˰ͺԺ¾ͲٰЩҪ󵱶Էˡ
Ǽ˲û̫ΪЩӣϾͷһΣϴֺ̬ãֻøһǻˡҲֻһϵĶӣŴҳ⣬ǼֱڵҪԺ󶼲ȥͷҰʳˡ
ôһΣﺢӹȻʵˡҲһ⣺ʦ˹˹ģЦӯӯģǼһж˵㣬Ȼˣ˵Ȱ򻹽ܡ
􏪻û죬ͿʼյӣԭŴӴ˰æֻҪվȵģȥˡƽʱεֻ꣬ҪпյĶˣԱߡ
һʱֻüˣڸӣǱ˸ӡɹӣСĸʰ룬ȡ֣ޱȣƵģ˶ɻǿ죬һҿЦЦһֱûϹ
􏪸׼µأͱѧסˣɾȥɹӰɣء
ɹҲòﻹмСأڿˣϼҿûԼܸɵ£ȥŪ۵Сè
СèŸԵ֣뿪Ǽ춼չ˵ģǵСèۡ˵һۿ˭ͻ˭ĸףСһرףرڼеľҲˣιèȫԼˡ
նŪһᣬ洫ǼСѾͷľۣɾˣʲôô󡣡
֮ˣϽè֮
֮ϣݣһֻɫĴһ􏪿ϸˣ˷ܵؽҰ𣿡
֮һԾ£ɾҽһͷҰ
˷ܵܽˣͷĴҰٶ̫ˣˡ
˶࣬󣬲Ҳ󣬶źⶼԹˣΪʡǮɽֲϱС棬żĺȥз񱴿ǺϲˣǺܻ˷ֵѴĺӡ
֮Ҳòɽȥһԣ˶Ѳɽﲻ٣ҰͷһԵã˷̫ˣˡ
֮Ұڿյϣȥ˩һʰ
˵ǹɣûСһֱţû硣
֮˵쿴һѣȥĸһץ
̫ˣĸҪɱԺСء􏪴֣̫ˣڿԳˡ
ĲǺܾû³ģƵĽҲˣսͽŹǡ
􏪶Խ⻹̫⣬ΪҰϵ̫֬٣ûз⣬廨ȷʵҪѷɫ١
ҶԵü⣬ΪЩ˾ûԹͣһγԣֱޱȾޡ
ǣըԣˡϧȴûкȻһͷöá


28 ˮ
Ϊطʽ, ϲ˹ĲģײʳΪ֮ζҲҰֻǵ߶, ǲԸҰ, ΪҰƤ, ǹ룬, λֱ۾ɱ
û뵽ĵ¾Ȼüζ, һ˻
Ұʱ䳤ˣʱȽϽʵڸԲ, 􏪾Ͳյİ취, , ɽ⣬֭ѾУһҧ㡣
⻹гɶ״, ζ, ͹мը, һҧԴ࣬㡣ըڣĳصɫСԣʱԹ, , ֳˡ
ͷβˮЩõĶ, 􏪽ϴɾ, é˽ǡݹ͵ȴС, ޱȣ±ա
֮ܶÿóԣܾ֮¾ȻôҳɾδˣҲδԹЩ
􏪵ЦСʶѣǰѾдУֻƣѡ
֮˵Сʣһǲ˵δҲ˵Ӧأ
СʵӦ֣˶пڸҲеСգǲ̫ζҪһ룬ǰڳĺθһɲˣͶٵһɶ
ʱЦŸ˵ɾôȥˡ
ЦǺǵ˵£Ա˲ܳӣɻʳ˸˵ȥסԸԼ׬ǮҲܿźǶӡ
Է˶ˣ׶ר􏪼˹̫࣬ĥһˮ׻ͲףʵֹȺ׵˫عܡҲ֪ôԭԼδֹȻ֪ԭˣôƳӦòѡ
˶󣬺üĶصĵӻ˲ʱȫջˣɹԺǼʶͶǻۣԺӵĵ棬ɨһɨͻɹ֮ǰǾϡ˵ţཫˢһ飬֮һ㱡ǣɹĵȾͲõˡ
ɹȥȣϳһƣĶ⻹ûô溦ճɣδҲ̫һЩҪǿΪμأС
ĶأֻǧʳҪǰﺢû㹻һҳˣһճɣӯࡣڣǧʳֻһ£һʳգҲĿ
ӻÿѻֵأôҲ˷ˡ
ѾŨˡջ֮·²硣ֶ߹Ҳ½ˣףͷҰˣڿ죬æ͵гȥɵҰ˻ḻȻͼЩֵ߲Ҳô˳Եġ
􏪺ͼֽϲɣĹǣһһɣҶһһҰͷϻһɫҰ˻һֻ۷˵Χתֻ˻ӣҪˣ̫
СһԺǺЦͻȻƳ􏪣ʦʶؽ˲ء
ѾװĲɣҶˣЦе˵ɣҶأ
ǣϲܹɾ硣ɾ˵ۼҵ۷𣿡
􏪺ȻԼ۷ѾһӰˣ֪ˣڰٻʢӦ˲۰ɣпܣһȥ䣬ܲܲˡ
ܳԷˣ˷۵ζֹסʿˮСѾͷϽСҫȥԷ۵ľǵüСĽѡ
˵ߣȥҪзˣ͸ը͹ӳԡ
˷ܵôУɾ̫ˣ͹ˣ
􏪻ȥ򿪷俴һ£ȻԼԤڵѾ˷ע˷ۣȫȡˣ۷Ҳٴνзˡ
ȥһ£Ūһ׵Ͱҡ˳۷ޣֻҡۣûˣԸҽ
üСϽȥŴȣĥ׷ۣ͹ӡ
ʱÿ˶쵽ըýƵ͹ӣ滹˷ۡͻҸò˺ͺӶӯⱲӶûԹôóԵĶõˡ
֮ϯϳԷһ߳һС˵ŻͻȻ˿̧ͷһһţţĺصؿޣ޵úòģʣţţôˣ
˵ͳԲôóԵĹˡ˵ţţԱ߽лݶСǸСһǳȴʮԱĺӣϸϸġ
ЦԲȥģʲôţţ͹Ӻó԰ɣԺﻹ۵ģ˭ֺãͽ˭͹ӡ
ţţֹסϽֱһ᣺Ļ𣿡
ģұ֤ҪúñֲſܳԵ͹ӡ˵
ţţͦ󣺡ʦʲôŽбֺã
úѧϰɻڿ죬Ǳֺá
һֺõġ
ãʱҾͽ͹ӡ˰ϽԷ
⻰Ƕţţ˵ģҲǶڳк˵ģȺ˵ֺþ͹ӳԣî˾Ҫúñ֣ȡٳԵ͹ӡ
֮תͷ􏪣ᡣ􏪲ڿԼʣôˣ
֮΢΢һЦɾرˡ
􏪺ǺЦתȥЦô˺ôԼǲְҵô˵رʺϵӡ֮ϲ͹ӣҵĸɡע⵽֮͹Ѿ꣬Ǹʳˡ
֮˵ɾԼԾͺá
􏪽Լ͹Ųǰѹ˵ըʱѾ˲١
֮ĺ˼Եµ͹ӣҪܾȻɽ˵ɾôҳ˰ɡ
֮Ե˼ɽһۣȻǩõ͹ӣҧһʣµ͵ߣɾҳԹˣ㡣
􏪼״΢ЦŽӹǸ͹ӡ
ֳ֮һ͹ӣһںĽѣҸܹһ͹ءʦɾá
ˮո֮󣬾Ҫ׼שˡʯһשҲҪҤשƹҪˮûиѹˮǹˮܴҤȥҤʱ򣬻ҪȷҤܴ򿪡
􏪺ʦǾ˷飬ȷƷΪҪ֤ǰȫҤ򿪵ʱҤڵ¶ߵʱһСģͻὫˣΣȫҪ
שҤȫõʱשҲˣֳ࣬ҤգשУݺľ̿ϣյʱҤ죬ȻҤˮٴηⶥңͿԳҤˡ
שҤ֮􏪾֮ȥճҪ׼մˡմճש̶ֳȵճ㹻ģǸǲ֪ܷڵҵҲ͵ȥǳɱ̫ˣĿǰ֧ŲסͶ롣
֮ȴٳٲ϶γȥʱ䳤̲ȷʱڿ϶زĲ􏪣Ȼ治ܴһȥһµء
֮˵üɽȥɣȥڵӦòѡ˭Ҳûճֻڲͬԡ
룺ҲУͬɽ˵ȥǼһˣȴûмõģֻֻ֮֮һ¹˵ϣҲʱˣȥԣԶҲ
ͬɽ˵£ɽӦһֱ£һֱûֻȥˡڸˣ᲻Ը⣬Ⲣѡ
ȴ֪·ͬСɣڻͿԣҵʵģ͵ûȥڡйɽһһɽʶֲ࣬􏪴üһȥһزͰָպȥѰҡ
ʶҲ࣬绹ǿٵģ뿪֮ĿγҪʱ䣬ֻԺٸ
ɽٳǰͻȻ􏪣ʾԼ԰æȥճ
⻹ͷһҪ£􏪼ֱϲ⡣Щһֱڵ壬룬ҲûŹ񣬱ϾǺϻˡ
СĵʣɵǷѾˣѾȥ˿£Ѿûʲô󰭣Ͼ˵ôأ􏪻治ˣҪرӲʵġ
Į˵޷ѾˡճҪԵģ
˵пܣٰҴһʯͷʯͷͲҪˣһȽϲرʯͷɫģɫҲԡҲҲҪǿ󡣡մõճһЩʲϣԣճǲûпԣľҲܵʹãһͨĺڴˡ
ޱءšһ
ҪȥճͲҪˣΪܶʶֻ֣üɽһš
􏪻ȥһ֮֮ʹۣҲû˵ʲôϾôܲܿ˫ţҲʣٶ̫ˡ
պȫ׼׼øǮͼɽһţճȥˡ
뿪֮֮˴мˣɽĸСһץ˻̵ĸͨⱩ꣬սˣ˿ľս֮ǺɵؽĸˣȥæΪ˽̧
õ䣬СоֻأԺ󻹿ԼֳˡҰѱģҰʱ䳤ˣɼ
ΪרŸ˸Ȧͨ˼ҵĲȦһ幹죬ҪԸɸɾ⡣ӴԺСѾͷֶһݵĻ
􏪿ʼ׹Ͳרľʦæͼֽʦգ˿ʼͲԳ
ڼ䣬שҤҤˮˮȲĴˮһڶεΪ׳ۣ˲ٿֵĴ
􏪿ŷˮʦǣǸ̾שҤƷ죬ש´ﲻԤڵЧʵûששҲˣӲȱשö࣬ϼʮҲ⡣
ںӱߵͲͲĳѾˣ׵ĹҲˣΨһͲת̫׵ЧҲ͵ó棬ҪúøĽһ²С
ľʦڣ»ȥˣֻĥҿ⵽׳أΪ˲鿴⣬Ͳ
ϪժɣҶļˣŵæɾ̫Σˡ
˵û£ץͦεġδͻШӱȵˣһӾ׹ȥֻžһ죬Ϫˮ
ɾҲ˲ɣҶˣֱӴ£˽ˮˡ
ͬʱݳǻ֮Ҳ􏪣ҲÿˮһĻʱһ㣬۵糸һɱԾˮУɾɾ
􏪻ˮǴôߵĵطֱӾͰ˹ȥΪ˰ͲϪǸˣԲûײĶ
ס􏪣гˮ棺ɾɾû°ɣ˿ǻ
ɾɾ֮ҲϵˣӼнӹ􏪣һԾ˰ڵϣ􏪵ɾѡ
ߣ˵ʦҿûɾ
֮̽һ􏪵ıϢһɾϢûҴȥ򡣡˵ͽ˱ݳǵķȥ
æϣȫʦĽŲ
֮ô죬ֻԼȣҲɾи̣ô졣
􏪱ŵһͻȻͻһˮתԼ֮ڸ·֮
֮ξͣͷһɾˮӿۿ
􏪿ԼҴͲˤˣ
֮һ±ӣһӹڵϣ˵ֱȴûɣǽסˣǣ˭ôߣˣ
􏪱յüڨЦʧʧԺˡûˣġ
֮ڲôܲģһˮô죿
˵ʱˮҲоȣҪȿˮٰѹ˵࣬ͬʱԷС
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29 Ϸ
һӱס, ҪôشѵҪʾ˹ɿһ˵סߵıӣ, , ȡ, Ȼﴵ
֮, , ૵˵ã
Ȼģʲôʱƭ㣿˵, бҪҽһ̼ȴʩˣˡ
֮Ĵ, Լʾһ£׻ûΣ߸˿ڣɾε֪Щأ
ҽϿġ˵
֮ע⵽һĴ˿е㷢, Ȼʶʲô, ˵ɾҴȥ·
ʱͻȻһ磬ʪ͸˸, ס, ĭӶ֮ˣԲûס
֮벻⣺Ͻؼң˵걧, תҵķȥ
˵֮, Ѿûˣߡ
֮˵ұߵø졣
ģ㱧˸ڻ, ֮Ľ􏪿˲١, ΪʲôҪñأǹ, Щε룺Ҫ㱳Ұɡ
֮ͷһۣá
ܿ죬􏪱ſ֮ϣע⵽֮ĶѾ˷ۺɫɷǿɰͻȻһֳͻȥһҧһڣʲôоΪԼͻȻͷÿɳܣǸ߰˳ߵĴкʲôϱӾû̸ҲûԼİ
һֱںͷ׷ʦܣ׷ʱʦֱɾˣŪе㲻֪룬ȻɾѾˣҪġ㷲ַЩ
֮ܽԺӣʹ˵ˮ𣿸ϽϣɾˮˣҪϴˮ衣Ȼɾˮ
ջ⻰𣺡ˮϾС㣬̧ˮ
˵ˮˣϽæˮĴˮˮˮͰİͰ··һȫ׼ˡ
˶࣬䲻ԡԼԷУ֮һأɾϽԡ°ɡ
ɻؿ˼ôȥ
֮߹źɾԡ
ֵ􏪾ˣǲ鷳ˣԼһ򲻶ԼϴôҪźԼˡ
֮תȥɾϽԡͰɣҰɾ걳
ֻѸ·ԡͰ֮ˮת􏪽⿪ϴͷ
źĸоֻݣҲܽΪʲôôƫȥϴͷȥԡϴ谴Ħ􏪻ǲϰߣ֮ôôźϴ裬ǰھУԭϴҲδź
֮ᰴͷƤ߾ҪļϣȥʷȡˣѦȸңˡ
׻ˡ˭ɵģֵ􏪳Ծˣ֮춼ľˣһֱûҲ֪ɽˮ·ԶһҪðΣյģû뵽׻ˡ
֮˵˵ǳ͢ɵģ֪ɾΡΪǱ£ֻǼٽ˱µͷѡ
˵ô˵Ҫң̽·ġ㵣ĵʵǺж԰ɣ
֮ϴͷͣɾӢԺұ粽ɾҡ
̾һо֮ˡôƽѵҪʧ𣿻治˺úùӰ
֮˵ʹҪŰݷá
˵աˮڣа취ġ
֮Ƭ̣ջ𣿡ıԷץѱ˵ҵ˽
üΪβʲôطѵ֪ǸѦȲŸսһﺣҲǺϧĺ𡣡
Ǳһ糣֮ʡ
һ糣ҵװ֪ò˵
֮ݸɾӢ
գʳõϯϣһںΡմһɫ鲼ۣɢϵһɫԵò԰׶ؽſΡ
ϷⰲѧǶСԴø棬ΪҶ֪ʦˮȾ纮ǱΪϿΡΪıϽǵļȦһֱǺģΪԼʧְûտɾɾˮ
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ǼӸϽŤͷΪʦ˵ˣôߣ͹ӽ
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Σѧ¿κʱһ£ļۼֿסɾ
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ʿˣҾɾǷ񰲿
֮˵λǾĻ÷÷ˡ
÷˵ǰݴʷѦѹйʥǲ¹ǰ¹ʥУʥǰ̽ɾʥɾһаá
ǷǷл¹ǰˮżз纮ʥϵΣԭҲܸǰТ
֮˵ɾԴЪϢɡҶ˵˽ȾϿˣɾҪ֡
˵ʥ̵ܽңҪʼգһС;ϡ÷ˣˡ岻ʣܷˡ֮д÷ˡ
÷􏪣ɾҪϽЪϢĪʥġƹˣ
˵ѾƹˣҲҩЪϢһ±á
֮ϴ£ԼȥӦ÷
ɣǾǻʵߵĽ􏪺֮ʶ÷֪½ְ˰ġ
÷ǿ􏪾ߣĴһȦ˽􏪵״תֿ쵽緹ʱˣ􏪲ܲͳԷӿС÷һˡ
Ϊ˱ԼղӣǿӴ͡÷Եǰնͺ㣬Ŵ׾ƣʳʢ􏪳ԵʲôûӵĲ࣬Աȣ÷Ƕ􏪳ͬ顣
Ϊ˻գ÷˾н糯е±䶯Źеİ֣˵һЩ߽̬
¶һȤȱȱӣٷʣ˼ЩѸԼ޹ءԼҲֻһ죬Ǹյʱɱڵ״Σ􏪱ʾһйȥѦȵ°һ¶԰Щ˺ӡ
÷˼ɾʴȡ
􏪲ɹٸ¶԰רݹ£޸ĸν֮£϶ν֮ߣô޼ҿɹߣʵӭϳ͢˼
극ϴˣֻ÷ĸϽ뿪ɲڴϼˣװҲǸء
ԸΥΪ÷Ҫ뿪ˣͻȻըףŴⳡ˺ܾãҲһֱţǵҪˮשҤҲҪˮܹשҤȴȴשҤͿԿˡ
ȴеԹòʱµ÷֮Ҳðƫûŵʱ˲͡
ѦΪ˱ʾ࣬÷һţһʱ߲ˡ
ǻģһֱµɫűϡϡСꡣ÷ݳǣţȥԼҪʱߵҲŶˣο껹ûͣ·Ţ治ҹ·ΪпǣҲе㵣·ˣϾδ֮ء
ڴ˴죬ͷɢˣĲ֪ʺ÷ٱ飬ϻܱ¶
ֺһ࣬Ӹһˣһ;ôӦȥˣüꤣɫȻΪήҡ÷Уͦصġ
˲ߣֻ͹ҹڣǸ仹ţԸ÷˯ӣֻˣܲܽкǸô˯
÷􏪽ΨһĴøԼ˵ռṫүĴ¹ʵ̿֡
˵޷ǲ֮Ĵ֮һͬߡ
÷⻰תƬ̣ڨЦˣ¹ٱ㰲ˡ
֮÷ֿ􏪣û˵
ȵ÷ȥ˯ˣ֮Ϸţϵô˵ɾʲſ÷ЦûУ
􏪿ʲô
֮Ǻڻµס
ݸǱɡ߹ò¶԰ǡӭʥ⣬Щ˿϶ᵣʥĳְٻȥ˵ң
֮üһ룬ȷˣպػء
􏪵ǲģû׼÷֮ǡһ˵ǶΪж֮񱣬ǷܶǷĲ١
֮¶䶼ˣͰ͵˵ɡɾס
􏪺Цҵ֮ס
̧֮ۿ􏪣ֻҪΪɾãʲôں
ץס֣֮ǱݺⳡϷɡ
֮ᶨصͷá
ڶգ􏪸ɴԴˣ˲ˮιִ֮֮ͣ֡
÷ǰʺ֮ڸιҩҩŵԼһڣȷˣιߣ􏪺һڱŤͷȥü˵࣬ˡ
֮ȰҩڣɾǺ˰ɡ
÷ǣҲȰҩУɾҪϧ壬ҩϳɴ󲡡
תͷץס֮䣬᣺СʱʱҲ֪ʱȥˡʵȥνȥĸˣǾöԲ֮Ƨȥˣһ˿ôȿȿȡû˵ҿ
֮Ŭ􏪵ĽࣺɾǧҪ˼룬һġ
÷˵¹ͻݣѦɴɾơ
􏪺òֹסԣ÷ҪˡǷͿ֮͡÷˰ɣȿȡ
֮ḧؿڣҶϢȥ÷ˡ
÷˵ɾҪؼǹ¹٣ṫүɾ͡
÷ڴˣ֮ڣ÷ʣɾһ𣿡
֮¶ʹ֮ɫǣǸյʱ̿ͰɱҶӳ졣ɾһ·ܾŹȣ˵غʪֺ֮࣬ҽҩޣѾ˼
÷ϧ̾˵ʵ̫ˣ̫ˣһʵʥϵġ
л÷ˡ֮Ҿ÷תʥϣɾ֮Ҷػɾɾˣ֮Ե׷ɾȥ
÷ȵؿǰӢСүԭǵĸ֮ѵز㰲οṫүҲſģɾ֮ˣ׻תΣΪġ¹͸ǣɾƲ
֮Ŀ÷ţ뿪תؼңǰ緹һӣԵ̻ʣĹĵĳЦˣʮ㣬ļʲô̬۶ҵҲȹˡ
֮Ƥɰĵ£һ˵ĸڷӿţϲüҪɾԡ
ˣղź࣬ǰ˰ˡҽձֲɣüɫ衣
֮ԱߣĨȥǵĵƣû뵽ɾ츳֮֮
Цû뵽ݼСԼллݳ
֮Ц֮֮¡


30 ·
Ѯ, ϿΡ׼ȥͲľʦˣҪȥʦһо, ͲĽһ, תЧʡ
֮һҪȥͲ, ԣɾȥˣȥ
ЦôͲȥˣҲȥ, ±߿УƵͲ, ֮Ҳδܰæ
ȥ֮ڶͲֱһҧʮ¾
ðɡ֪ԺԼȥͲˡ
ŵʱ򣬼˼Ժǳţֻһ, ר, ˼ʣʦҪʲôʱ򣿡
֮Ƴһۣʦʲôʱ, Ͳˡ
Ŷ˼¶ݣεؿż, 췢˷һһпվղʱǱϢˡ
ԺӣЦ˵˼⺢Ӵ̫ѡѧʲôֶ죬ûԡ
Ҫúĥĥ֮ȻҲͬĿ
Ƶʣͽ, ˭
֮Ŵ, ˵
֪ʵи˳, ϲ½ۡ
􏪸ľʦһоһ, ҵ, ĽУµ˱֮
޸ģͲ˳תԶ׻ҲԹˣԺӾͲٲ׵ˡ
˿תĴһܳˮͬʱףòУ׷֡
Ż׵ĺӣЦǺǵ˵ͲǸöԺʡ˴ˡɾǮ׶԰ɣ
˵ⲻҪǮҲҪףѸʹáҾһҪǧҪϧҪΪǮҪԺΪأᣬҪõľŶӣȵãҪӡܡ
һЦеصͷӦͲȲһʵãϾûˮҲǸܹϣ׾ͲһˣҼһõϣѺãôʡĺ£˭Ըء
ԺҪˣ͹и˻ߺӹžУͲҪе׳ˡ
Ͳİװ􏪼׮£˵Ǽ¡ҲΪĵһʩ
Ӧܿͽи̧ŵȹˣһϽؼҰᵾһµ׹ߡ
ͲʽͶʹãΪȫ˵³衣
ľʦæ˽һ£Ͳ􏪸㹤Ǯʱľʦ˵ɾ㿴вУ߹ǮҾͲˡͼֽҰɣõ𴦸Ͳ
һϲ⣺԰ͲҲҷģֻڻ˼ûУǶһҪԸ⣬Ͷ̼ͽܣⷨӸƹ㿪ҲΪݰվһౡ֮
ľʦˣæӦһһһ̼ͽܣݵܿͲһҪ˵ɾͲǼסĹ¡
治Ͳæ־ܾͶǻۣɲҾӹ
ͬͬ⣬ݴϣͲгⶼǺˡ
¹꣬ȴ˼գשҤڿԿҤˣ֪שЧ􏪻ͦڴġ
˸ʵĺӿҤʦǶˣشҤţĿһƬɫʦϧɾɫǲǲԣɫ
߽ɿԸܵɢ»ûɢשͷڴеשе㷢ϵĺשûƳɹΧûõˮû仯
˵ǺששҲשҲãֻǲשʵվͲˣȿҤɢȣС̵
Ȼשͷպˣ͸׼·ˡ·ô􏪺֮ͿʼˣⷿӵĻ޸Ժӣ޸ԺӣڵķλñȽϿǰǰ޾еִˣⷿӱ޸һԺ䣬ԺģԺǰټһԴơ
ӵĽṹҲ􏪺֮һµģм䣬мΪΪԷҵķ仹и֤㹻˽ǿͷǰΪͷ޳һĺԺ
յһשҪȫù⣬ûжĸˡҲԭҲûھ͸ǷӣƻҪˣո
􏪻ששƱʯҸ߸ӣӦûܴ˼һӭʱ϶üǮ
뵽ʲôȥˣשѾˣŴҲ׼ˣ͸ڵػˡػʯʯʯŴ׻ҽճϼ
ػ޺õʱǱҤשͷˣǺɫשͷשˣɫǳã൱ʵá
שڷڲ㣬ΪǽˢשԲˢ
שһ􏪼Ժ˴ǵΧۣɾǻʯҡֽͲҹãڵשǴ۽硣
ڴ˵۹ⱻޱ֮ߣԺʲô¶ر򶨵ȻΪţɾǳԾˡ
޷ݱؽţÿϿΣڹţʦָ߽ӡ
ͻȻ􏪣ɾǵĲϣȫôѽ
􏪸ϽܵϷһԭװֵĴײϴ˿Ѿ̱ˣŬһԴϽȥҪɾġ
ʱæŸǷӣ¸ˣרҵһİ취ӦǸһЩרŵĹߣ˿롣
Ҫʲô
Ҫˣø׼ɽ
􏪵ָ£СǱ˲ٵݣ²Ĳץ¸ɾĲоɽ롣һҹ򣬱Ĳɽʼ˿롣
СһµĲϣڿ˿ˣޱ棬гɾ͸а
ϼĲϱǼҵһɽҲƣ׼˵ݸϽ롣
̶̼칦򣬼еĲ϶˿ˣеĲϲѰ·ǽ˷Ͻ룬̾Ϊֹ
􏪿ŵϹİɫСݣϿĻ궬ܸůĲ˿ˡ
˿˿֯أĲޣ֯Ҳ֯ƥҹ⿿ԶԶģöԱеϡ˿֯µõˡ􏪾Ƚȼü֮˿ж˿֯
ȻҪоһô˿֯Ƶɨۣ˿ˮϼ룬Ȼ˿˿һ𣬾ͳ˿ߡ
˺üΣǳôˣǳˣ˺üϼ룬ҵţҪϼ˿ȥֻʵܵļ룬ҳ˿ͷͷ˿ˡǸرҪԵĻоӣ㽫ӸСѾͷȥŪ
˿ļ벻üŴ􏪼ǵòϽ󲻾ãӼɲ϶ͻԼҧƼΪ¸Ĳ֣􏪾Ȳ϶֮ٴЩҧƵļ룬Ӳ¶˿ֻг˿ļҪӼɲ϶֮ǰֱ˿
˿Ǹϸ»􏪷ָɵõǸлݶĲмΪ²У·һȳһյģԵúԱ˵ϸӲҸ˶ӡ
ʵݶǸɵŮҲܿɰСԲһ˫۾鶯ϿҲǳ棬ǿѧһҵҲдü乤ϲش⣬ϣַӣġ
СѾͷÿʰЦ࣬ΪʦܿҵԼóĵˡȽŲ㣬ܶûɣ;æϴιϣӼ֯
ӶҲֹͣһθ˵ݶĲ֯úá뵽˿֯ǸرϸµĻû׼ݶܹʤΣС˵㡣
æų˿룬Ǳ߷Ҳݱظšϣ̨ܸ֮ǰ޺ãˮȷʵ˵㣬Ƿڼδ꣬òͣ칤϶ģ˽ʮ죬ˣʣݶûˡ
߶ĻȥǸʦȥݶĽȣⷿûһǸǲˡϵǣʦ߸ֹ
ԭʦǹ߶֮󣬵ƹŴ׻ҽϼ˼Ҷ¸߶𣬲ͽܣͬУİ׾ͱڵİ˸ˣ¸ֺֿá
Ȼٵʱô˵ģֻŻӳξǡ
ԭΪҪܺãֻʮͶǺˣΪ˶࣬ΪʦöˣȵһθҪտ˲١
ͼɽصҵʱø·ȫ濢ڰˮϯǲΪԼߴطˣ뿪һ¶ѣû뵽ʱѾһ·
Ƿ춥ǽ޵ñȴʷҪƯŵ˵ƯķӡʵƯеŵģûʲôǮҵķӸЩĴ˼ûȣŴûȣͨĿʽûٻƺ͵ΣΪЩҪǮ͹ܰ쵽ġ
ϸϲ£ҲһƯķӡ
·к˵㱨ĺ˵ͼɽˣ˵æܳӭӣżʱ̫ЬӶżҵˡ
֮󣬿ڵϵЬ¶ֳЦݣӵϼֻľ죬ֻż׼ЬӵĽϡ
􏪺ٺɵЦ̫ˣľ첻Ьŷ㡣
ľ֮ģΪ֮ǰĲЬˣ²ЬĥţҪĥϺһӲ֮ľ죬ǰھʱҲǴľġ
֮˵Ǿߡ
˵ò׵ȵǻˣ֪ûҵʵ
㿴ҲԲ֪֮ץ󣬲߿ˡ
ճԺӣû߼Ѿ˳·ͼɽ˷ܵػִкɵҡɽǿˣˣøϳԷ
ɽ˷ܹܵɾǻˡ·ˣô죬ǳȥʱſʼשء
˵ԣשճ͸ϽˣĹʱ쫷Ҫˡɵңˣ֮гɽ治ߵ˹֡
΢΢ͷˣڳϣ㿴ܲϡ
ͷٿǶ˰ɣϽȥԷȥǳСˡкǡ
֮һۣɾѾܾû³ˣȻͼɽⱼ౻ӦõģǼܲסе㷺ᡣ
к֮æ
֮ȥˡ
˵þû³ˡʲôҸҲ
֮⻰ĶʱޱȣɾҶԡ
ЩʳģȥһۡϺʣһƬƬ֮Եģζƫһ㡣
˵֮ǸһԻǵԣ
֮ʣɾأ
ͬһ԰ɡ
ͬһԡ
ãǾһ˹ȥɡ
ǽ³Ĳ˶˵ͼɽԷϣһԷȻˮϯѾ˴ʱ􏪺֮ҲûԷڿҲԵòˣԼԷˡ
ϣɽ̻ʵذ˼ڷɾĲ˺óԡ
ԣʱλˣ¶ޣλ˲١˵
û˵ĬĬŷһ䣬̬ȡ
ɽ˷ӵʲôʱ򽨵ģѴŶƣǼҳġҲû½һ
ɽ̾һ޷ӻԶԶ
􏪲ҵķˣ˻ǼסԼͰõס·Ѿ޺ˣôŵģǼǼСҲᵽԭķһסʣ¼˺ͺסӦܿһЩ
ɽüɫ裺Ҳ
􏪵ͷסһ᷿ɵסһ䣬Сסһ䡣
ллɾɽ˷
ԺϷӾ൱ڹ¶԰ˣסԭסǼԼסǸ䣬Ӧ㹻ˡʮкסԭҪˡ
ϷǱߣҲǱߵ
ȵڶשճˣϷӱ޼䷿ӣϡ֯յȶУסҲͶˡ
ҲԽԽģˣǳãӻǺбͷġ
ɽ߷ֱʼ˵·ϵļҵճʯͷǲ֪ܲϡ
극􏪺һȥδʯͷÿһʯͷע˳ճΣõչ֪֮ʯͷ􏪵˽һЩȻҵʯӢʯͳʯһʯࡣ
ǿʯ࣬һ飬ȷʯ࣬Щ˷ܵ˵ǴҵģʯϷ㶹õģżҼùʯպ󣬵ĥɷ״һ㶹裬ȻڶУ̳ɶˣ¿ˣջ
ʣã
􏪵ͷã㶹
ʲôɽʣûԹ
֮ʣɾɵģ
ҲȷǲǣԾ֪ˡ􏪻Կ϶õʯࡣ
˵ʯͷˣ
æ˵áЩɫʯͷӦöãԣȷþãȥɣҽһĵطȽʡʱʡ
մûô죬԰ɡ􏪸Ͻȥĥˡ
ƶʯĥĥ飬ȥǣȻˮнһϡڶʯĥĥɶˮ󿪣ϸ鲼˵ĥʯ裬Ȼ̵ĶУȴƬ̣̳ɶԡ
Ϊ֪ʯǶ٣􏪽ֳ˼ݣֶһַǳۣǿˣһǡôǳԵĶԣһֱȽϣֻ϶ˡ
һ죬˶ϻ۵ĶԣٽһӷۣһȺӳԵö̲ס롣


31 
Ȼ˶, ȻͲֻȸ򵥵Ķԡ􏪽װڲˮѹһЩֱ۶϶³, 嶹ըŶ𶹸㶼ˡ
, ҳ˷ʢĶ磬˴۽ִ󱥿ڸ, ˺ͺϲ޲ڡҰ􏪺һٿ䣬ɾôôܸ, ʲô
һط˵Ϊֻû뵽ⶹɱǶóԶ, ʺڲõϼһݳЩŴҲûԹôóԵĶɡ
һҪרŰԼԣһЩһ¼áϧﶼЩ˺ͺ, û˸ɵ
·Ѿ, 􏪲ûżң·̫ʪһ, һҪ׼һȫµļҾߣЩ׼ãҲöˡ
һСϸҪ, ԡҡһմɵĶ׿, , ҪŪˮԺ⣬֮ˮϴٲζԡҲҪƣͲˡһ÷Ůá
Գ˰שש􏪵ҪͷоͼɽЩʯͷϡЩ죬􏪾ͳһ͵С춼ڴ͡
òϣͣȺСУϾδ͵ߣԭҲûСӼȺ˼úõĳǰԼҪ롢޵״
ܿͳˣûɵҲѽЩú񱡾ȣ􏪱㿪ʼĥֶе޴֣ΪҲ֪ôȫûʵ
üͷ˼룬ĥô˹¶ɵЦݣֹ̧˵ʲô
ʣɾʲôʱ԰
˵ԶˣǾɣߣȥĥӡҲš
ԼȥĥͿԣɾæõ׿ϣϲ̵ȥĥƶ
ĥӡҲţȥСĥӡҪ̧ĥҳ􏪿ĥм͹ģȻһĥ̽ṹùǾͿһ̶ܹתˣתܣҲܰĥˣĥȥˡȻһˡ
ɾȥĵʡ
Ҿڼǰɣõҡ􏪰ڰ֡
ֵߵߵȥĲϣĥʯϺûľϺãʯĥ𣬶ҹתӦñȽףǴĥȽϷʱľ죬²áȿľͷЧͷʯʦһЩʯԺԼһմ
˵ɾ͸ɣϽȥڼæҾߵľʦҲ鷳ˣֻǽ蹤һãҴӷľһ̴ľ
֮ݳǻʱ򣬱㿴􏪲ˣľͷˣøͷһػ̴ľ׮ɾʲô
̴ľľ̫Ӳˣ􏪿˰죬ֶˣζûŪ֮ҡ
֮˩æŪʲô
􏪱㽫Լ뷨˵ˣҪŪʲôӣ֮һָ֢ڣøͷľʦӰɡ
꣬Ǻɵһ£ŶӦøʡ
ȥľʦīԲ棬Ҫߡ֮һһ־Ŵӣ
􏪺ٺЦ֮ôû뵽
̧֮ͷؿһۣû˵żɵرɰõǸܽˣǸ֪ܵʥˡ
֮æڶգˡֽǼСӹͣŽ̥˳ȻԲ⻬ˡЩ̥ɣͿˡ
􏪻ĥҤƣ֮ǰѾչʯҺשմɵ¶Ҫ߸߲٣ûúôЧʹ¶ȴﵽһǧٶء
Ҳûа취ȼϸĽֻܴҤ¹ˡԺשһС͵ĴҤɵ̥Žȥաשͷһܱ􏪲̫ãһһ졣
󣬵һԿҤˣ˶Χˣ˷ܵصȴ֤漣һûɹȫѳƬ
±òᣬУ¶ȲУֻʱ䲻ԣеѧ̫ˡ􏪵һܵ˴ѹйĴھ£ʵΪ̫ѣյóģǾ˳ɰǧľۻġ
ʣµв٣ȴѣͼɽޣÿֻĸһֱûճѵҪٳȥһֻԼ͸öմ˼
һѾͷǾͲˣ˼ǰשճ飬ȰѴҤʱŪȥճĺû⡣
ǽӣ􏪽˷ʵ׶Σһﺢ춼ͣڻɸѡϴȥʣٽճ̥˼ͬСҤз顣Ȼʧܻǰǡ
ЩһմɵĺӶʧȥˣĻҲ˲٣ֻ􏪻ڼ֣Ͳղ
Ѿǳˣ֮ÿ춼¶ȼߵĴҤ˿˵ҪһȥҸĹɡ
бȥңҪҵõҪ
֮ʵѾȥݳʹˣӻմɶԹݸ˹ģҲ˵ݸûմɡ
Цģճġ
첻ˣھʮʧ֮ճõ˶ܵ˹裬ܹճġ
֮ű̫͸ĥöһȦ􏪣ֻۣĵ̫˲ˡ
֪⻹ֻǵһҪԡʯӢʯʯĥɷ״ľҡճϣȻպõнһ飬̳֮ٷŽҤмա
źճĽû⣬ϴˢϵĴ󲿷Զˣֻмطմһԣһ¶ȱȽϸߣȥˡ
ȻûܳɹҲģմȥˣ˵¶ȻпܴﵽģҪĽһ´ҤʹȾȡ
ƶؼ飬εʧܺսһʵ糿򿪴Ҥ㿴淴մɣóһԼˣȻЩ͹ƽ·ĵȷȷѾǴˣϴɾ֮Ҳûе
􏪿ϲѣ㵸غ֮֮ճˣǴճˡ
תȥ֮ȴûײһϣ岻ܿƵغĴ͵˵ϣԷһ̣ס壺ģ
ץ룬˺һվˣˣɵң㰡㿴ҵĴճɹˡ̫ˣ
ɿ֣Цտ􏪣ϻմһڻңȴ˿Ӱɷʱ􏪵Ŭû뵽ھ̲˼͵˹Ŀ࿴ô˽ӵм䲻ûġ
΢΢ǣˣϲ
􏪺ٺЦҵĺ˿֮·ֽһԺҪɵ
΢΢ͷš
ڳæµˣɾպ𣿡
􏪴𣺡պˡ
İ˷ܹܵĴ룬ȥؿȻ룬Ȼе󣬵ճˣɾʲôأ
˵ҴС˵ġСֻèΪ˱֮ȣ􏪸ֽˡ
ʱ֮ˣһ۾Ϳ룺ɾɹˣ
􏪿ʱЦۣԣڳɹˣ쿴
֮첽ܹù룬ɫڣΪ˲ľңɫȣ氼͹ƽĵȷȷѾǴˣ֮˵ɾҰɡ
ЦҪʲôһءԺպõġ
֮ɫ˱䣺ҾҪɾճĵһ룬Ƿȥϴɾźˣˣ롣
õģɾҼˡӹ룬õȥϴˢ
ʵ˵ҲãΪǷֲƣÿ˳Է붼ǹ̶ģҶԼԼϴġǵļˣæµ˽ȥˡ
􏪿ЦãⲻǹԼʵƷòãֻǿɹĲƷѣִˣͦжģ֮Զ֧ˡ
֮ͿʼֻԷˡ˻ҬԷֻ֮һԲĴڳԷСȻȴȻԵر㡣
􏪿ֻ̿ǿԼԷʱȥ
˵һγɹͻ˳ˣΪÿζϸļ¼ȥɹʽ
ΪʹΪȶ˺üΣɹܹﵽ߳ɣͼɽճ
ΪޣʮСĽѡõһ֣ճĴϸ⻬ЧҲá
􏪾ԺʹմˣճؾؾڣһأţճҪ죬ʱҲڿɽܵķΧڡ
ȷȡص㣬ͼɽһˣδӴй˼һȥԺȡճ¾͵Щ˰æˣϾͼɽҪġ
ʱǸ˼ţţǴӴģδǰľʦģûֱ֣ľѶе󣬸ɴ˶ޱȵĹľӡ
􏪶еô֪˼ټǧ꣬ûӹˡҪͺˣȻ֣ԭظ׺һңԶޣǿ鱻ƫϡϣһ죬ܼݴԽ̫ƽ󣬵ִƬĵأЩͳͳ
Ҥ􏪿ʼڴɫ֣ĺȻܰæСҪһµġ
Σ׼뿪ϿεϺ˵ɾ
ͣϴ£
Ϻ˵ɾҪҤ
􏪵ͷԣòպˣڿԽҤˡ
ҤҪ𣿡
ؿϴæϺǼеĶ˸ϿΣҪֵش棬һҪ񣬾ǲ飬􏪽ֲ¶ˣֻ􏪸æڴϿ֮󣬼ĵҲѧǰæˡ
Ϻ֣ҲûգֻƼһˡ
кʵѡ𣿡ʡ
Ϻ˵ڵܣѲ໴׶ԭҲǴΪģкҪչˣıݲĲ¡
ֻҪƷܱ֤ڿܸɣ԰ڴӦ
Ϻ¶ϲɫǾлɾˣһͷСӹ
˵Ķ
Ϻ˵ʱͰҼסźһҼӾͰտһӡ
􏪵ͷǾ͵ɩˡ
ϺЦҲûа취˼ңݣܰľͰЩɡ
磬ϺͽСӷϺ᲻٣ʮ꣬׳ʱ˿źܺ񣬾֮ɫûˣԴӣܲࡣͦͬԷġ
˵ϴ磬и鷳㡣飬ǩԼЩڹӶ˶һݣ˶ˣҵҲǲΪƾȽϿɿæݿɺã
Ϻ˵ãΪƾ˫䶼Լͱϡƾͷ֮Լ֮ģе㲻̫ס
􏪹ֵлǾͶлϴˡ
Ϻæ˶Լڹ͹ѧͽһݣ˫ǩֻѺӡ
뼪ɽҲҪǩ飬˱ϡ
ҤڼҸשҤʯҤһҪǾ͵ȡġֻ뼪ɽճͿԿˡ
Ҥ޺ãȴ􏪵һ׮ͷ£оԸɵˡ
æմڼ䣬ӼѻɶˣһĲѣģ˺һֽ˿֮·ıǮء􏪽֮߸󣬲һľ̿ϾҪܳˣɲˡ
϶ѾˣһСɽһļӣЩ룬ھͿ˿ˡ


32 Ϯ
ŵĵ, ٶȣӦܵˡһֱƵƣûǵӰǸֹ۵, ˿ȴЩճĵط, Ҫ;ɽ, ɽ, ɽ̾ĵط
ϴͼɽȥ, ɽһȦ, ʱɽ, ûɽضҪɽ, ʱҪһֹΪ˱֮صشıѡ˼ֺõȥǵʵ, Сɽȫõĵġ
ƺɽ􏪲֪ʵ, ֻǲġ
һֱҹý􏪻δȫϨĻѱ, Ժ棬л
֮һˮɾôȥ˯ҹóࡣ
Ťͷ˵ǽôû
֪֮˵˭·ϵ, Ӧþܵˡ
􏪳̾˿е㲻, Ҫɽ˵ѦôͲȥɽɽˣ
ɽҪѹѦȿǲȥġ֮˵, ɾǲ, ȥ
á⻰, ڶһ¡
֮ˮϣֽ
ҹ˯ͻȻڴڵĴϢš֮һѣһжˣɾôˣ
ĨһѶͷϵĺֵ˵˸جΣμȥճЩˣ϶Ѫܵģǻȡǲɽ˰ɣ
̧֮ḧıֻɾΣġôĺ־Բ²Ҳ١⼸Ҳͨɽǲġ
𣿡􏪽Žɣϣˡ͵Щ᲻üͷţΪ˼ͷţƴ
֮˵ģɾſġʱ磬ɾ˯ɡ
Ȼ˯ˣ˵û£ɽҪʼնǰȫԺǻҪȥȡҪ·ɽɽ̾Ǵһն亦
ǾͽǣͷȥѦ֮˵
˯ţ֮˵һЩɢעĵĶǹȥ¡Ǹ􏪼һӡ˽һԭ֪˲پеľƣĵطοȨеĵط
ţԼҿǱᵽˣҪھǣ֪Ѿٻˣһ̱ȽϷ׷
􏪾ͺ֮ˣ֮˵ھͳţ;ȥһ
˵㲻ʶ·᲻
֮˵ţֻ·Ӧò״Ҿɽǡ
ԼǧҪСġ˫ȭѵ֡˵
һģҴϹġ֮˵ĽѾˡ
􏪸Ͻͷµذ׸Ҳϡ
û֮˼ţʧǰĺҹУ􏪿ʧķﰵһҪƽ
һ磬˾ͼˣû֮˹˵ɾһȥӼɽˣѵɡոӡ
˵ͷǣɾȥ˵
Ȼ֮ڼңѵһҲ٣˷ǳɡ
􏪾ĲɣǿΣ̧ųżͿţ黺Ժš
˷ܵȥӭӣɵңǿˣ֮ȥ
ܽˣ􏪲ŷ϶˲ʣڣɫƣ룬ô
ɽ􏪣ʱȦɽɽˣˣɾȥҴˡǻһͷţ
һ£һƬհףĵ»ǷˣҪɣ˵زأ
ҡͷʱ֪
􏪼վסˣļæַס˵ϽȥһˣҵãȥʦͺӹȥȻǾ
ǣɾæӦ
˵ɵңҲˣҪȥ𣿡
ҡͷ˵òأҪ򡣡
􏪴򿪺ɰóһҴץҩɵá
֪ˡȾܡ
ˣδءȥͷţֻͷûνʧءǿסĵܣܿˣϽݺúϢ
ȥʿ䣬ƽʱ֮Լûнйʵսǵһʵսʶʵս鲻Ƕô£Բ񣬾ͻὫϡ
􏪺ܿʹӼɽǶ˸š磬ţӱ·ɽǴҹ͸ϻϢţԲݵʱ˵⣬ҵţһͷţܣͻȻˡ
ţͨ˼ֵǮĲƲţȻҪѰġֻܸıƻͽڴЪԼͺȥѰţ
һֱ֮ͺŽͷţѰءһڣţͲˣֻ֮ܵŶ
˭֪ɽɽϮŴӣ١Ǳٱɽһֱû󰸣ɽҪԷȻֻܾͽɽܱߵĴ䡣ܲң͵һ˽޵Ĵӡ
ǸϵļţȻΪĿ꣬ôϹԹԽţáո˵ȫɽɽ˿û·硣
ͷţɽĻһ£ܵţٴ˳ȥţˣȥţɽĹҽУԭ·µֿļţ˷ܲԼҲ˲ʡ
ƾһ֮żɽţػʣµͷţɽҲǹԮΪû˹⼸·ˣǴĵƣ֮Ǽţ
֮ϵһ¾ͻύˡ
ƣ˵ɾȥѰţ˳㽫
􏪿һ뵡ҹһûۣ˵ţͳȲˣϽ˷ȥ˯ȥϢһϾͺá˵žͳȥ
ţжˣдǣţȥιݡ
ӱ֯˻ˣ첽߽ɾҪʲôˣ
̫ʱˣһ緹ɣȸ󼸸ӵӡ􏪴װĿʮˮûǣ÷۴档
⼦ȥСģʮֻСʮֻʮֻСĸѾʼµˣÿܼüܼ죬ÿ˾ֵܷһ󼦵􏪴ĸʱٷһЩСܹ֤ＦԸ㡣
ÿ˳ˮȥϢˡһ緹һ߼ǹֺϣǧҪ£ţ⣬ҪûˣٶǮҲ⳥˰
ֺĸĸܿϢ޿ҪҪţ
ˣүԲʵڲԸ⿴ġڻڳƣôɾͼ֪ˡҵţ϶ʧһ⳥ǵġ
ͬǰĴ帾ҲһοĸĸĿֹסҲûлؼҵĴ㣬ҪȶӵϢ
һһ߳ĸ˵緹õʱ򣬼ˣһһɾȻ˫ֳϥϣڴڵشϢš
ͷǺ˸أæʣô
Ϣ˼£˵ûû˵ҪʧѪ࣬رҽ졣
˵̫ˡִû£ͷſİɣβǮȫҵţҲһġ
ĸ˫ֺʮллأû¾ͺáȥ𣿡
˵ԣȳԷɣ극ȥ￴Ҽҳ԰ɣҲҪԷˡ
극􏪺ָһ˳ǡϾˣѾȫʢģ̫ɹǰڣͷ̡
ȥɹ̫㺣ȥҲ֪ľΪԼˣԼð̫ȥѵӦ
ΣֻժһƬŽҶ􏪣ͷڵա
֮􏪵ʱȻǳ⣺ɾôˣ
˵Ҳĺ
ֺмˣҶû˼ҪʧѪࡣ˿֮ɹŲϣɫ԰ף촽ѪɫѾ˯ˡ
ָӱĨᣬֻȰοһȥҴ֤ˣȷûΣգָſġ
ָչ˶ӣҽƹշһָź֮뿪
ҽݣ֮˵ɾȥѦȡ
ͬһȥɡ˵
ȥ˴ʷտ􏪺ֱ֮ӽ˴ʷѦֻһ棬Ϊ˱ӣҲδҹѦȣϾһ̫ӳһձȨĵط˲¼ɵġ
ܶԷѾǷ̫ˣôҲӵĶӣѦȶ􏪻ͦģʲôˣ
􏪿żɽ˵Ѧˣġ
˵٣ӦȥҦˡѦ˵
˵ǴеĴɽɽ٣һͷţ㶪˿ҽţԲѡɽɽǹѦ˹ܣǹҦ˹ܣ
ѦڨЦȻҹܡ
֮Ÿ첲Ѧ˴ʱ˷ˣ
Ѧ¶ɫλҲɽʵɽ̫ƻץ˾ģҲҪʿǡ
ü˼ǰյͲֵˣҪ֪ܹΪڹǣЩʿ
ѦһʱڨЦɾ֪ɽڲֻɽǻɽˣߣʵ
􏪵ǵһ֪Ϣɽ֣ɽģ
Ѧ˵ɽ򲻹ǰ̻ͨٸΪУ˰
һ֪˸ţƬϣز֪ѾǴ󰲹أ˵ԼϻһˣԸ㣬ĿϹԹԽԼֳʳˡ˵ٸǿ
üͷе㼬ˣɽһղݾһղ̫ƽ˽𣿡
Ѧ˵еġһ죬ָƣ˽ǰɾ˵ȥӢĲǰ
Ѧ˵ɾСүɣȲ裬Ȳ裬Խģݿɲ׵õ
ҲһеȲȥˣΪĩ裬ǽҶĥĩݵģҶһȥģĳݷʽͬǿһڣζɬˡ
˴Լһ̶ӣزˣ􏪱ֱɽ
Ӣ֪޲ԣԳˣɢݸƽԭģͽ˳͢ͳΣͨ˽̻뺺󣬾ɽϢҲΪ뺷̡̫ܽ
ɽеݳǲԶȫ̻ͨԭģ峤ĶӼλ󣬾;ܾٸм˰ȥ˰˳û˸ȥˡ
ʣٸκβã
ѦҡͷǾסɽУҪƶǵĶ첻ܶԸ㣬ɽһӶó
􏪿ЦǲóԶҲˣֻԶԭʼˡ
˵ǼԸ㣬Ϊֻͬɽһ
Ӣ˵˵ȥɽͷȢ˾ĬŮӣҳһˡ
ԭˡ􏪳Ƭ̣ô˲ҽᣬβ취ͻƣжɽϵٽɽΧկУΧˮҿҲж


33 
Ѧȿ􏪣ɾⷨȥ, ֻôȥͻƣͻأ
̯̯֣͵ÿѦ˵ˣֻ顣
Ѧȳ
Ӣ˴Ӳɽ˽ף
Ӣ˵Ҳ, ҲɽκһЩƷֻǲ֪˭ǾĬеģȥɽأɽڱɽռ, Ҳȥ, ˶ֻݾߡ
˵Ǿո˵ȥ
һʱҶĬԵеƶ, Ӣˡ
Ѧ˵ɾ˵ˣ߻治̫ҡ
һֱĬ֮˵԰ɡ
􏪿֮
֮˵ͷ
ѦȱȭСү, ¹
֮˵Ǿˣͷ˽չ, Ѧ֮¡
˴ʷ􏪳Ǹؿ֮Ҫˡ
֮Ҳɾ, ˭ɽ, ǴҤûһֱȥҲҪڴڱӵľء
Ц֮ҡ
֮Ц, ذ, ɾһҹδ˯ûȥЪϢˡ
􏪴˸Ƿһ, 㲻Ҳһû˯
֮ߵߣӼӹ, ֽ, Լ, Լ˵߻ȥɡ
, ʦæش
ɾˡ֮һ, ȥ
§֮ͷѾں׷ЩǸ⣺ҽüˣܴһ
֮˵ܲס͵ˡԹԡ
􏪵Ȼ֪ԹԣֻùⲻȥҲôȵ죬ԼһȥģԥҲûУͽͦԺõ㡣
֮ǰ𣺡š
ڻѾȷھôӽˣ취ȥ·ϣ􏪾ĥôܸ˽Ӵϣ֮϶ԷҲӽӽҪȡβС
ɽỻЩʲôأǱضûеģͷԣư裬˵֮ġһˣ֮ɺˡ
һң􏪾ȲؽԼĵӸ֮˵ˣ֮꣬ʮ־ȣҵɣ
԰ִ߽ǶŲ˻ɣ׽ӽǡ뵽;ر棬ҪҲ书ҶԼȥˡ
֮ǳһ£ǻȥɡ
գͼɽȥţ􏪾֮˳ǣһȦɴڽһɵͷȻҪðҪλϾһ˵ٻĻôһȫµͷء
ָ˵ҪһЩҩ˵ͷ֮ģִӼЩֽ˱ˣø˹һҡͳһʵСɡ
􏪽˹֮֮һȦߺȼͷԡͷϡ
֮Ҳû˹ģ϶ʮˣȻ˲˹ģҪʵûţſ죬ȫв
ЦֱΧĺӶЦ뿴Ӣɾô
˵Ҿ֪ɲȥɡ
֮¼㲻ȥ
ҲвڰһҪݣ컬࣬ʻе㲻̫ϡ°˵
֮ɾѵͷˣ
˵Ҹһױݣˡ˽ʷ棬Ҫ֮ǿ
֮˵ǰȫأɽô죿
ȷǸ⣬һתðһˣȥǻɣҸ磬װһɵӡȻĻôôء
֮˵Լţͷá
ͼɽŴ󳵻ʱѾҡСˡֺҵţ涪ˣҲˣһͷţûʼأѾһͷţˣɱ湻ߵģһͷţǮء
ڡ죬㱻˻ĴճӦϺһˡɽ֮ǰǲȥճˣȥǽԸ⡣
Ե֮ǽɽ⡣Ϊ˾Ӧݣÿ춼ڴҵ񣺡ͷԡͷϡ׸⡢糵˹ġȫŮ˺ͺϲĶһлŮ˺ͺӾΧˣڴܻӭˣȥٶ
׸ͷ糵Լġ׸˵ۣе𣬺˺ӻӭ糵ֽģû˼Ϊ֮ǰֽϡȱûֽߣ൱ܺӻӭڴĺһֽ糵תЦ˵鶼
ҵڼ䣬֮ȥɽ̽·ȷĿ꣬ɽ˷̫ʱ䣬ΪѵʱԽΣԽ
ǵļƻҡ˹ģ̫֮֮ȫϴɽԼȲ􏪣Ҫȥ
􏪷ԣһ־ͺˣһƥ͸עĿˣɽ·ҲܲΪ׸ֲɽͻˣͼ£Իɽڲ
֮ؿԼҵĵ£ǲ֪ôĵӣȫûԼİΣϡ
􏪰οµģҪң뻢Ѩɵûӡʵڴðգĸ˲ϲ̼Ķء
һõ糿􏪴鲼̴ѺͲЬŶҳˣһһ˹ģһ־һֻתֽ糵˹һҡͷ̴ͬ򣬴Ŷҵ֮ݸһЦˣɵ磬ȥڿʼ֮ͳ􏪵ɵ硣
֮ϵӣ˼Ҫţȱ߲䰡䣬СԴˣ첻棬ȥҾͻˡ
ĺӲôͻȻҪȥɣֻǾرʺ棬ֻмµĲѰؽ͵ڣɾʦʲôʱ
˵Ӧܻ
Է
Ǵ˸ҲԵģõǡҲڼңҲҪúѧϰȥɡ˵
˳˴ڣ􏪽˹һҡʼߺͷԡͷϡ׸⡢糵˹ϡ
֮˵ɾϢһ£ȵ˴ٽС
ⲻɤӣҵоɵ磬ڲ㿪˵ˣ˵ҲӦã֪ˡ􏪴ͷ˵
˵֮Ц
˳ɽķȥÿһӣͿʼߺȣû뵽⻹ͦ𱬣һǮֽ糵رӣֽ糵Ѿˣͣ˲١
쵽ʱڵɽߵԼ࣬ҶУͷ·ҲҴ˵
ߵһ֮ӷ׹طˣ˵ɵ磬˰ɣЪЪҸ
̧ӣ֮ϵĺȷʵȣԼ·ȵòУ֮˼ʮصĵӣ϶ֻȡ
֮􏪵֣ûоܾȴ̲ס
ͬеһ˻ͷһۣ˵˰ɣϽߣɽϢɽϻկء
˵Ŷ֪ˣлл߰ɣϢһϸ
Щ˶ɽȻΪİͣο˶ߣԾҵġ
ЩߵûӰˣ֮ŵӣһСɽ􏪽ں棬е٣֮ǰûʲô浽˶Էĵ̣е㷸
ɽžжûֻвѡɽľͶ˲٣;ܿҰҰʶ٣żܳԵĹӣͣżܿߣŵ亹ð
ɽԽԽе벻ףطԹҲûʲôս°ɣô˻ҪɽܣѵɽвǸǻ𣿲ҲΪѡɽеԭΪ㹻͹ʵϾ˶ԺͲɼΪ
̫֮ˣŵ˶ʮ·􏪿·Ҫ죬ʱҪŲһ􏪡;ͣ˵㶫Ϣһּ·ɽ֮ɽ̧°ʾһ£ѹ˵ǰͷˡ
􏪶һȻ˽ȫǾ͵ȡģľͷӴķӣҲǲݶҶҲ֪ݳǵķôݶ͸߶ˡ
дˣɵ磬ǿȥɡ˷
֮ͷû˵ϲ¹ɵ磬һǸС
ٽկӣ􏪱ҡ˲˹ģʼߺͷԡͷϡ׸⡢糵˹ġ
Ǻܿ˷ȻܻӭأкܶһӶûɽɣӦҲٻ
ԽԽӣתһ䣬Ǳ㿴Ӱܲ٣ŮٶУڣͷɢϻͿϡ
˷ܵٴҡ˹ߺߺֻһЩ˵û˹ȻѵĻѧ
ܿ죬˸˵Ŀѵǳˣ􏪲ߺȣϽȾǱ߿첽ȥ߽ˣŷԭһ̶ߣһ߰ĺڵϣʲôûһ˱ޣˮˣ
􏪼Ⱥһãһá
Χ۵Ⱥؿˣ􏪼ȥ̽һºӵıϢѾˣ廹ȵģϽԸ˵һãԡ
˺ӵĿǻȷûٽӱϥǶסӵĶӣˮȻʼѹѹһͣסıӣ°쿪ʼ˹
Ⱥ֮Ѿˣǵ˵Ķ
Χе˶ϵвˣʲôҶʼ˽
􏪻Ȼɼָʱ˹ˣȺٴɧΪ׵ǸˣֻһӣϻƤڣľݡ֮һܲΣգϽȺߵߣ׼ʱ
һóһ􏪶棬æ˵ңôˣ˭ڶʲô̧־Ҫȥ􏪵ļȡ
֮ץס˶Է􏪼˹Ƭ̺ͣѹ࣬пսͣھ
˿֮ԼȻֿ֣􏪣һЩǳֵĶȺѾС􏪵ˣ˵뼪Ĳ̫࣬ûᣬȣɵ磬ſɡ
֮˿ˣſ
ĮؿˣҲû˵
􏪰ѹ˺һҲ˺ü˹ǺӶûжȺǿĸ˶ʼȥˣҪ֮ţ􏪶ƿˡ
˶ʧȥĵʱͻȻһԴӺϴһϲ̽һ±Ϣˡ
ӵĸϲͷǺӵĶͷͿ˵ʲôȺҲһ󾪺ˣˣ
􏪶ԭĮпʼ¶ȣ񣺡ллҽֶӡĿˣҽоĬկӵկӭկ͡
􏪿Ѿʼ۵ĺӣֲ̧һѶͷϵĺ飺ллҲҽǴɽĻɣСҿԿûҪġŬסϲ飬ô׾ͽӴ˾Ĭ
ǽǡþ;ҵֶӣǵɡһҪҼ͡Ĭٴγ􏪹Ȼֶӣ˵һϾ􏪵Ļӵ􏪺֮կȥ
􏪷կȻ䣬޵÷ǳѧɽΧ׸ߵļľ׮ŵ÷ǳ룬ѹĵͷ
կӲСԹмٻǴӻҪƤܺڣú٣˺ֻܶӲ·Ů˵·ӣŮӶ壬кӸһ㶼йģȱٲϣԲôȡ
􏪺֮뵽˾ĬСλկϷĵ¥ӵĺұڡڣ뻹һȼյĻûкǣĬֶӵ¥ȥˡ
􏪱λկļңóⷿӸǵʷˣһЩط»ģΪɫȫһױϡǽϹ˲ٶƤëлһűƤ⻹вɽĽǣǲƸ
ļҾߺǸĲ࣬ΪկǸϵˣ˵Ĭὲٻ
􏪴ϣĬٴγ֣ո˾ֶӿˣѾûˡлҽ־ֳΨһĶӡ˵ŵϥأһ
æ֣կؿǾ֮͡ĲУֻǸɡҽ􏪣ֳСʱջˣǸ꺢Ӳ࣬رң֮ǰկð¡Ĭ֮
Ĭ֮˵ͷ޷Ҳ⡣ֳǸĺ֡
ǵģر󡣡˵
ĬŷһԵĻȥ˿ڻֽܵ糵ʲô
һ糵Ӷһ£糵תֽ糵ӵߡзתһСֶɡԼķ糵ݸĬ
ĬԼķ糵ӹ􏪵ģָ糵Ҷӣֽ
˵ԡկʲôҪģкܶණ¨ľӣ涼ͷšͷ͡ҩȵȣῪӣ¨ﻹмͷ֮Ʒ
ĬһѸͷʣô
˵⸫ͷҪʮġ
Ĭ¸ͷûǵǮֻƤӺҩġ
ﲻֻͨ˵ҲУҿҪʲôɡ
ĬָһǽƤӶ˵㿴Ҫĸ
􏪾űƤͲ˿ԸӵˣָűƤ˵Ǹ𣿡
ĬҡͷƤӲĿԡƤһѸͷ
􏪵ͷԡģֻҪԼĽɫݵñһѣѾֱӽӴĬˣҲȡβУկҴ˲ٶһ˲ף໻㶫ȥկ˻Ҫ𡣡
Ĭ˵ҵĹֻͣҼס£Ҳɸկ˽
æֵлǾлկˡ
ʱղǸˮӵĸױһЩӺʹõĬ˵ԶӦҲˣȳԵ㶫⼢˵ֱڴҶõ
ԣȻҲ֪ƬҲһЩط˳⣬ôֱӽãʵܲˣл˵űһӣȵݸ֮Լһ
Ĭкõŵǰ¹⣬ֻĿ˲õõ
ͷƤе㷢飬ģ˼ô˵ˣֻһŽ˵ʲôζ˽е𣬲ôѳԣȥడҶԣ˵лл
Ĭ̬شڳ⣬ȻͦζţҾĬˣկˡ
Ĭͣµӣһۣ˵Ϊϻկ£
߿􏪺֮˵
Ĭ˵˵޷Ҷľˡˣλǵļ˾
æԷк˾˺á
˾һͷԾĬ˵Ҫϻݡ
ĬüͷǴʲô
􏪲ɫÿˡ


34 ߷
װĮĵسԹ, ʵ˶˾Ļ֪ǰɽʲô˽ϻݣ֣ϻӦþӢ˵Ķҩˡ
˾˵κס
Ĭü, ʣû
˾ҡͷûС
Ĭ˵ϴλλ, ǲȱΡ, û
˾Ӧһȥˡ
ˣɽ֮ĽʵҲûôι̣Ǹȡˡϵ􏪵аղ߷ĬûóȻж, һǲկӵƣҲ˽Ĭ, һ, û̸, Լͷ, 㡣
􏪻ǰԭƻ, ֮Żɵ, կկһ궼ˣοǻ, ôĶ, ûߺȼǾһʮʮٵΧ£˹Ҫ
֮űⵣ, 􏪵Ļ̯Ҫһա
˵ҲҪ, Ŷһһ
˻֪ʲôŶ, 􏪱ָŶӡòײЩźö, 􏪴ӣĶóڵϣѡʲôôĶס
􏪻ùԷļֵĶûõĶÿëݣЩҲǱսƷ˵ûʲôֵ
յҪҩĺͶƤëһЩɣҲģûգϾȥˡ
˻ϲأûʧ֮ǺǣЩڷкתķ糵ҡĲ˹ģԼζ׸⣬ֻ۲ǵĸĸæŻЩƷ˲ϸǻԵġ
ڣ􏪴Ķ˺ӵߺֽ˸һɶʼ֮ʰõĶƤëҩķŽвװ£
ʱһӹˣںɫʯͷ㻻Ǹ𣿡ָŲ˹ġ
􏪿һۣûֱӾܾʯͷɷнµؿ˿㿪ھܾȴʯͷָвһ㣬ǳͨʯͷأؼʯͷ֮ƺзӦƺܹһѵǴ
ϸһ£ȷʵŽסеļǺӣǴģ
ǺӲ˵Ҵִɽϼġܻ𣿡
􏪵ͷܻʯͷһ˹ĺһ糵ʲô֣ܴȥ𣿡
Ǻϲ⣬Ų˹ĺͷ糵˷ҽаҴֳȥˣڼҡ
Щʧʲôʱ
˵˾ͻˡ
һҲͲżˣӦòߣлԷ˵һһͷȥĶ
ָһԼҵķӣկҲԶ
ĺӼʯͷߣȫϽȥʯͷǺܿ죬ЩӾȫɢˡ
պö׼կңʱȥĺ½ˣﶼʯͷҪ糵Ͳ˹ġ
􏪿Цãһ飬Щʯͷǳ⻬ɫ״ƯղزѾõģеľͨʯͷЩ⻬ʯͷһֽ糵ЩּʯͷֱӾܾˡ
􏪾Ŵʯ˵ʯͷԸһ糵Ͳ˹ġʯͷܻˡ
֪Ǵҵģû׼ܸҳһûóͬʯͷˣҪȰĸ֪ˡ
߷˵ģû뵽ջ񡣴ɽУҪƹĬǲܵˣԻøЩ˺Сڸٸ􏪻ûǺãʱغһҵˡ
􏪶ǸϵĻʵ۵ûʲôøУ˶רᡢĿ⣬ûжŵ㣬󽫾һɱʹʧȥԱͽֻҪִ־ضٴλʦ£ѾǿԤ뵽δˡ
Ҳʲôɿѣû׼ȳ֮⣬Զڶ֮ȻҲһǱڵвֻҪһδȻֺû㹻ݣϱ߸İЩ˴׵ķ
ֿԼΪݶҪִһЩԭڽҵʱ򣬶Ҳ쳣䣬û´Сڡ
һ죬̤ԭϷƷͳΣ􏪰Ҳ⣬ҲжϧȻ£ūۺѹȵĻǧǧİաһ㣬ȫ޷Թ۵ġ
Ըƽ۵İ֣ҲԸðūۣûöҪҪٸԭ
ջ􏪺֮صĬУɫѾˣǸˮĺѾˣĸ􏪿ͷлĬڻ߿⣬ֻһС¹⣬µӦθڡ
Ĭ˵˵ĻѾˣ
΢Цش𣺡ǵġկر飬ܿͻˡ
Ĭޱ˵ȱĶ̫ˡ
˵կݳǲԶΪʲôȥݳǻ
Ĭޱؿһۣûлش⣬ֻǽõ¹һΪҶϣԳˡ
􏪽еһݸ֮һ£ûпӣҲûеôһ⣬ֻץֻҶ⿪ʼҧ
ĬӻϷŵİֻ¹ϸֶָӺɩӣֱ
􏪶ʱЩȻлΪʲôųԣѵóԣ¹ǽɱģʱˣ˰ɣ˲»
ĬĬԼ⣬ˮĺζؿ⣬Ӧûɣôܳ⣬ϸм档
ͣΪʲôҲ˳ԣ
ǺӴ𣺡óԡ
˵ѵǾͳԲζԥ޿̣м棬Щ˶˻̫ȣ׸˳Ըȫ
Ĭޱ飺¹ҽԵģʡ
˵Ҳɱ档
ĬüԵĲǿ𣿡
û˵ҽկ˺٣կﳤٵӦٰɡ
⻰˾Ĭʹ㣬ʮͱկܻʮ˷ǳ٣йأ
􏪵ͷкܴϵ
Ĭã㲻ǻɡ
˵ҾǸɡ
Ĭ۾÷ǳϬϸƤ⣬һͲǳߵˡǡþҶͽϳȥˡ˵ɣʲô·ʲôģ
􏪷⣬˿Լ֣ñȸյʱѾֲడͶȣȷ̫ϸƤЩǸݱȡ
΢ЦկӢҸկԼ﷭ŵĬԱߡ
ĬԵؿʯͷ˿һ⣺ʯͷʲôرģ
˵կҪĶ󡣡
Ĭַؿһ£˵ʲô˼
կͼ˾ԻƺҪиկǰԼʲôУԸԸ⣿˵
Ĭ􏪣㵽ʲôˣʲôĿģ
􏪿һ۾ĬĴɩֶӣ˵Ҹĵط˵ɡ
ĬСϲ˲װУӽ﷭һյ͵ƣŻϣСĵػŻ磬˵§
􏪸¥֮Ҳ󡣾Ĭͷ֮һۣ˵ɵǲ뿪ҵģģκ¡
˵¥ϵһڣĬ͵Ʒ£ڵذҲڵϹ
ֱ˵կ˵öԣʵǻɣһ̣ĿģΪϻկɽ
Ĭüû˵
􏪼˵ǰЩӣҹ˸ţɽɽ٣һͷţһ͹ұ˹٣ٸκβɽ˵կӸɽΪṩ֧ԮҾˣ֪ΪʲҪɽͬ
Ĭһĵذ壬ŭƨ˭ɽͬˣ
˵ɽṩĶ
ǡĬ⣬ͣٸһģ
􏪷ϣȻǣֻ̫ƽӣ뱻ɽ١
ĿԾͲˡ˵Ṇ̀ĶֵأĬƳ
Ц˵ǽҵˣȥŵݣסݳİɳ塣կǲңԹȥ˵Ǽ١
ĬĬãȻ˵֮ǰ˵Ǹô£
˵ɽоկˣԼڿұ
ĬŽɵؿε֪ģ
ʯͷ֤ɽм񵽵ġ˵ʯͷǴկСǶģֻ˵ɽм񵽵ģĬᱻ󵼣Ϊ񵽵ġ
ȻĬæʣĶ
ʱ˵ǿֿұǰǣȽɽˡͻΪǵجΣЩɽ֪ڣ׷Ź˵
Ĭ˵ƾʲôϻկ˲һ
Ц̯̯֣ҲҽᣬǿԼı³ԷɽУĵ̣˭˵㣿
ãĬ˵ҲȥԸɽġ
􏪰ڰ֣ԸֻҪ㲻ЭɽСˣӽ󣬲Ҫٸɽṩκζҩˡ
Ĭÿɷ˵կٸַˣʵ⣬ǵʵ̫ˣԼҳԲůĻȥ˰կضҲǺկģǸᣬԺõĳԲů𣿡
⻰ĴĬˣΪһկ֮Ŀ꣬ҪկеİչϳԱů׳կӡȻɽƶ񤣬޷ֻ֣ܿԲɼЩȫǿԷģԸоԽԽѴˣͬÿ춼ڶӵıء
Ĭ˼öû˵Ҳû˵ʲôҪĬԼȥͨǶ˯ܿϮˣôԶ·æһ磬ʵۻˡ
֮ע⵽ͷһһؿʼ˯һ㣬ţԼϡ
ĬڴԼ˼лع̾˿Ѿ˯ú޷􏪣ҡһͷ˵Ǿ˯ɡ˵뿪ˡ
ⷿû齣Ҳû̸Ǳ죬Է֮㱧􏪣ҵһܷĽ䣬˵ƣڵذ˯ˡ
ɽҹҪȺ˯ҹ􏪸о䣬ʶȥץǣȻûбӣԴϽ˹ȥ
֮˯üѣһˣˣ§ԼΪȡů
һҹΣǱŲѵģľṹĵ§Ƕ̫¥һ߶е˾Ͷܸоõ
ۣԼ˯ڵذϣ泯ǽڣȴоůůģһŤͷ㿴֮еεǣо֮ı仯ͬΪˣȻ֪ô¡
ǰŲһ㣬Ȼһͷ֮Ҳۣ􏪾ȵЦЦɵ磬ˣ
֮ͷû˵Ȼ˯һûԼݡ
􏪱ȥҰĸ磬ˣȲȥҿȾĬӦ˵ǲܵġ
􏪺֮¥ȥĬڵľĻʲôʱߣ
˵Ҫأ׼ȥˡկǛˣ
Ĭ˵һҪһ¡
􏪵ͷ¹شؿǶԵġ뾡죬˾ɳң˱ɾңָ·Ҽҷǳҡ
ĬһͷҲûͳԷһġ
􏪽ʣµĲ˹ĺֽ糵ȫ˳Щ͸կЩɣЩСʯӣҲǡҩƤëûд߱Ķ
ĬڵϵĶĬȻ
˵ܺϲҶϣĬկȥǴ忴֪ĬǸ֪׷ˣȥǴ壬ЩӵֿԱǴ庢ӵֿܴ
Ǵ϶׼뿪ʱ򣬾ˣҪ𣿡
􏪻ͷ΢Ц˵ǵģҵûȥˡңԺҪȥˮ̶ϴ裬̶ˮ׳һ˾ͻˮ´ˮɾûôˡ
ҵͷ֪ˣˡ
˵ԺлᣬԸҼ档ںߣкܶ౴ǺϺҼһкööĺӣԴһ档
Ťͷ壺𣿡
Ĭÿɷֻ˵ңͶ˳կӰɡõӡ
ھҵͬ£կӣ̤˹̡ĶȥʱҲһһξɽе᲻ˣ֮ùڼϡ
ɵ磬㲻ó𣿡

ɵ̫ˡ
ܳկӣҲû̸ཻկе£ʱһͷ·ɽ̫ѾϸˣһЩҸĹӣȵһȺ·ˣһ߳ɽ
Уûϴٵģ􏪶ˣСɽǲµģɽǾ˶·
صʱѾˣû壬ͱ˼ӭסˣǵӰǿ񱼶
ɾʦǿˡôûؼңǻΪΪ˼ſǻ§ס􏪡
û˵ǵȦе㷺죬ĬĬؽӹ֮ϵƤëʦֵ
􏪿ǣɣЦ˵ôһ޿ģʦڣôء㿴һ˺öƤӣҾ·ˡ
ŸĺӹˣǴӵм䣬ʦʦиͣɽҲӹ֮ĵӡ
􏪿ǰＤĺӣЦ˵Ҳȣ춼ûϴ裬ˣϽ׼ˮҪϴ衣
Ͻ𣺡ɾˮպˣȥ㵹ˮ
ϴ裬Ѿʳ׼ˣ􏪺֮Ų֪ʲôǼ￴ǣǿʲôƵġ
􏪺ЦʣǿҸʲô𣿡
Ƕҡͷ
ţţʣʦ˯
˵˯ɽ˼ҵĵ§
ɽ˳ʲôţţʡ
˵ǴһһԴֻ۾һһ졣Ƕɢ˰ɣûˣ
˵ȥɻ
ȺӶɢˡ
һϯ£ô˵
􏪽´˵һ£˵Ҳ֪㲻ʹҸоͦ˳͵Ϣɡ
˵߳ɰգͿկ᲻
֮˵Ϊ
һۣЦ˵ҲͿʲôʱɡ


35 
ճ֮, һֱæŽɽ⣬մһֱûաæһ䣬пմˡ
ϺСӷû, ǼѾ˲, Ѿ, ͵Ҥơ
ֱ֣, Ҳû˵ʲô, κ¶, ֱҲдֱô, ֮˷ѡۿ, 􏪾ʼҤơ
ѾСҤܶˣôҤջͷһ, Ҳܱ֤һܳɹϾҲǰٷְٸƷŴ, ҤҪĽ
ͷһ, ȫ̸, Ϊɹľ鶼ܽģýЩȫڸ, ԺܷԼɡ
մשʯʡµĵطʱ, һҹճջ, ϷҤգڶһȡ, Ժܿܿ
ط¯治Ǹò, Ǹ, ǧȵĸҤ¯һ졣􏪵٩Լûɹ, ҪѬˡ
һҤõңΪƷǺܲˡϽԼգճĴЧ̫ãɫúɹĽֻӦû¶ȿ⡣
Ҳ􏪵ԤΧڣϾһʼճĴЧɹҲȥԶˣһ߳һ߸Ľܳɹġ
􏪾ô룬ҹɻôõûɱֲϡ
ղ͵ðŸҤ¯ƣԺ֮󣬳ɹԭĲһɣѾܴﵽĳɡ
􏪺οȥɹʽܿɹۣʱ򣬾дˡ
ڽ̺˷ڰֽҹ֮ǰмģȰҪһЩֱӽ̺д֣Ե޹ʵðµļʽ̫ˡ
ͻȻӰ̧ͷһۣҴɺһİˡ􏪲ûͣϿΣһǲҵŻſ
ſڣѹ˵ɾ㡣
􏪿Աߵ꣬Щ죬Ķ
Ҳ´􏪣ȿڣǾĬ
􏪻Ȼ򣬹ҾԭǾկҵƣһʱ侹δϳֱǸ
ҲûϳĬģɽկпȫһѰţϵϴˣͷҲľˣһٶľСмӢ䣬ӡȥԶ
Ĭɫģδв֮ɫؿȺϿεĺӣм̰ĺתͷ͵Ӷ⡣
􏪿ɫ˵կɣſΣġɣկ׼Եģһ·ˡ
Ĭſţ􏪸ϿΣǰϿεĺӣСȣʮ꣬կУʮĺѾǼˣȴѧϰ
֪˿ţϱֵҲӻԾֻش⣬ռԾ̬ŵظǽſΣһߡ
ĬһμʱȲôҲǸɣ˵ԼṆ̀Ҳţ˼죬׻ǰ಻סĹˡ
һɾָŴɵ߷ǾɾļҡҴɴֽһˡ
һ㿴һʿڽΣĬŷݵĸо􏪼ȲǻɣҲ̣һӡ
ɶһ㼦ʱ˿ΡؾϹʦˡȻ׷뿪ãЦЦųȥˣ·Ĭʱòشкʺãд塣
Ĭδ̣կ˶Ϊ֪կǳկӣûмİ˻ôòĿǸ˵Щزʶȴ˱ޱȵľҲо˾޴Ĳࡣ
􏪴󲽳Ĭկաƣ㳢
ɽ㼦ڿűߵһϣӼǺǵĿҲǴҵķ
Աߵӱϯضկ
ĬҲƴǣһ·˿ֶֿкȵģ㲻ٿ㼦ɢ˵ζֱʿˮĬľӺһڣһɴžζ˲ʱ˿ǻһ˵ζ
ɴ˿ֶһŵǰɾá
ЦҲаǺðɣұһȡ
Ĭڣͣ˵Ǹ
һ£ҲɡЩһǴеĺӣ󲿷ҼҵĺӣЩ޼ҿɹҿףЩ򵥵֪ʶܿдԺǷǣҲһıܡ
ĬٴθеĬƬ̲ʣģ
ԡֻϰΣҸɵҵȷṆ̀㿴Ƭ𣬶ҼҵġЦ˵
Ĭͷһۣû˵ʲôȻֵأҲ֪⿿ֵؿ϶ôˣҿⷿӣ֪􏪿϶ܸС
˵һһӪһկȥ˵꣬˻һϲŤͷ⣬æ֮ˡ쿴˭ˡ
֮Ӹȥ˩첽ݡĬͷһΪԷ̫߲òͷϴһȥկˡ
֮һ¾Ĭկ
Цһ۾Ϳˡ
֮Ĭһͷϴկˡ˵űһȭ
Ĭ૵˵Ǽװģ
Ц˵ԣҵͬ飬ǵļҡΪҵİΣѼٰɵӣկ¡
֮􏪺˰㣬ӣ㣿
ԣӦûУӸʢһ롣˵
á֮􏪺ʣһеڿˡ
治ǿԼʣġ
ĬܵĴ̼еͷĬĬغԼ㣬Ƭ̧̺ͷԭǶƭң˵Ļ𣿡
ٴι˵կһ㲻ƭɡҵĵϸѿһŲţѾ˶ᡣ
֮Ǻֻܵ룬ȥ
Ĭ㣬􏪱ĴȥιԼմɷֽשҤʯҤһĬ𺳡
Ĭûʶˣկиˣ֪ɽˮƽԶկУҲԼ֪մɵļ۸ѹܹ˶ˣ㹻ĵĬҲʼţҪͬҲǿ԰쵽ġ
Ĭͣʱ̣ܶԹ緹㶯ˡߣկе£ִҪȥ
Ҳǿֱ⣺կ֮ǰ鿼ǵˣ
Ĭʣ˵ɽһȷʵʵ
􏪵ͷȷʵʵǲ֪ж󣬲ʯȣСֵҲĲɹġʱկе
ֽ˵ûҲһΪկ˽ǣɽв˸ʳֲҶȴٺʲˣܲɲ裬ƲҲѡ
ĬʣʲôǲҶ
􏪽ͣһֿˮľҶ
˭Ҫأ
ҪжұҪ٣òҶȡ֮ҲԻǮȥ֮˵
ĬãΪҪôǣ
ЦҲǰǣǸȡˡҪҶûط֣Ҳȱɲ֣Ҫǵ֣˫֮£ֶΪûле
Ĭһǣֲһ¿Уǲ
˵ҵȥһңɽ֮һȥһկӣʱܻයա
Ĭͷԡ
ɽ֮Ǿ򲻿ٲˣҲͬɽٴѾĬ
Ĭͷ֪
􏪽Լ͸ǰֻ룬װһСǴҤԼյĴ͸կɡԺկúȿˮʳпҲɴҹ档
Ĭûоܾˡ
֮վ󣬿žĬԶӰ˵ɾֳɹ˵һˡ
􏪻ͷһۣЦˣأ˵
֮˵Ϊɾ߱ʣ۷
ûôţҪ׷ˣҪڤ粻ģпıҲ޼¡˵ȥæˣѦ׼Χϻկɡ
ȥͬѦ顣֮˵
ѦȺܿӦΪ˶ɽ̬ȻݾߣҪɽ֡
һʼõ͵Χ취ӲСΪĵطɽУǶó棬һץһѣٱɽУǾ͵ιӡ
ΧգɽûʲôΧկʿ˲ʵķӦѦƵƵӵ飬Ӷʿ˵ǿζ
ΧУֻܲȡǿһǻ𹥣֮ˣ׼ȷ˵􏪷ġ֮һֱΧɽկľߣľʦ
ϵկܻû𹥣ɽһƬԭʼɭ֣һͻ𣬳콵꣬ǲģЩɽסô죿ֲҲ˴֮֡
𹥲Уˮ֮͵͵ǱկУˮԴм˴Ͷɽһȫɥʧսűһ򾡡
սƷʱɽʳɽз˽ĶѻɽʳƾΧܺϰ궼κɽΧĽʿʧ
ɽĵϣ쫷½Ű衣һΣڿ԰ڵˡȥǳǱ쫷磬£֮һЦһоڲС
ⳡ쫷˼ҵݶƷбƷľϺҵݶǽסϵǼݶأǲò􏪼ס
ҲʶԼðˣܲһֱ˽סϺķӡ
ҵʱ˶˸߲ң˿ס·ӣܰҲܹ˯øһ㡣
ֻ֮⡣ʵ·ļҾʹˣʦǶȥˣһֱæ£ƺǰ£Ҳûѡᵽ·Уζ͵Ҫ˯ˣ뵽ЩȻʧ
ĻҪ􏪼˸Ƶգȫ˻ȸԾð·ϷģҲװƵ̣ÿӾͶԼĴ
Ŵĥù෢ļҾߣͩ͵ζŤͷ֮Цҵӡ
֮űߣ􏪣ϲͺá
⻰֮ϲᵽ·㲻ϲİ𣿡
סһ䣬мһãʵĳ趼ֻ࣬􏪵ԷǸ鷿֮ԷǸ
֮˵ϲֱ􏪵鷿￴ֿرȻ
˵֮ڸʲô
֮˵ҿﻹܼܲһС齡
ΪʲôҪС齣
֮˵סﱣ㡣
գգۣⷿӸǽԺשģӦúܰȫɡ
Ը˵κθǽƽء
ϴ÷֮󣬺ҲûҾó͢ӦöǷˡ˵
ֽ̧֮һƺʪķ˿̾Ϣ˶ɾһ㴿ϱûôս¾թѺͿʹ
ʼ磺ö۰
֮˵˾ϲԼĿֽڱ˵ʹ֮ϵġ
̧ۿдǸ⣺ǰû취ֻܼһŴѾ㹻ķ䣬˯С齣̫ίˡ
ǴӦˣ֮Цˣί˯ĶУֻҪܻɾȫɡ
˵žͳȥˣܿһխİ齣ǽˣİ齣ɣ˻Եߡϱ˯
􏪿Խⲻȥ֪֮ĹִĳЩ϶ǲıġ
ɽֺ֮֮ȥһ˾ĬɽկΣҵֳ·ҵ˴
կӲԶһɽ꣬¶ڵرϣٶѾ绯ϸɰڣֱӾܿɡж󣬵Ŀ֮ķΧڶ􏪼ѣ൱һɽ
Ĭӵץһɰɻ􏪣˵Ĵ󣿡
˵ԣﺬкܶɰǼӹܳˡҪúұҵȥоһôŬѧʱѧĻѧʯĳɷһ㶼Ҫʲôܵõţ
нݾߣΪݳǾ̣ȻֱӴӿʯұģұĹӦͨģȥĦѧϰһ¿ʡܶԼԵʱ䡣
˵һǵ˵ã͢Ͻ˽Կû֪ٸҪܽУկұҪϸ籣ܣ鵽ˣǿͷկ𣿡
Ĭ˵һҪկ˱ܡֻԼãô
˵һ跨ʱֳɡұկиҸֳۣɣկ㿴Σ


36 
֮ʵڷһǲͬġǳ͢ҪԴ, ˵˽ҵ£Եռ޿ɺ, ˲Ӧôࡣ
ٸ, ҪԴͷӵ췴Ǵ鷳
ʵҲϸе, ǵǲò˶
ҰΪʲô췴Ϊٱ񷴣ѹ, з
ΪʲôҪ, Ϊ˵ĵ, ұҪ˰æ, 䲻⣬Ĭô룿ۻ, Ȼõö, ƾʲô
􏪾˻ûٸͻԼˡΪ˱ʾ, ֳɡ
Ϊ, ȥ̶˲ũߺ͹, Ϊȥ̹ĦԷ¯ȵ, Լʲôʲô̶ȲǺϸˡϸ״̫࣬
һ􏪴Ӵļѧ, Ҫפɽ, ÿϢ, ȻǮٸ
ΪҪϸܣѡ˵쳣ҪֵܶϵģϾҪٸ飬ҪҪƷ׵ģͱյʵģһ©ϢǺѦȵĹϵɱͷڣ͵ùøٸˣһܻǱ°ѱĴΣˡ
˷˲ٹϺ飬ȷѡ˵һʼû˵ʲô£ʶԷԸԸȥǶڻز˼ҵģǹǮúܸߡ
ͬĴͿˣֻҪܵɾ͵׬ǮˣûһɾҲŸ˶ã׼Ǵ߷ˣһש߷֪öĽء
Աѡеˣ˸Ϊԭȥ˶Ӧˡûſɽ󣬶ȥ̵ѧͽæ
ʱѧһ൱׵ģʦ˼Ҳ벻ԸգԼҵӳиҵЩȥѧҪǮѵ֡
ĿģǲЩִǸɵջᶫĻɣǸ¹Ħѧϰһ£˽һұʹ̡
ûн˶͵ݳǵӣǷɢţݳ±ߵӵĵطȥҹ㶼Žȥˣ˷ɢˣҲͲô˵ע⡣
ֻ֪􏪡֮Ϻ飬һʼûߣϾ˽̫ˣԽ֪Խá
􏪻϶̴׼ɽҪȥҲҶϾֻҪ˾Уկеĸ涼ܹʤβɲĹ˲԰˵Ļ˱ϣĲҶԴҲˡ
ɽկûҵҪȥҸɽңҰҶġ
סһȣеҪ㡣
􏪿ɵ£
˵㣬ʱ
εЦһ洢Ҵٳ
˵һֱ׼Աأ㲻ΪҺͼɽܰѴȥɣûʱ򣬴ͣںϣ
գգۣ˼ھҪļԱˣ
ͷüͷ˶֣Ϊǲѵܳ
ЦǸҵһ̸ļԱҪˣ
˵ҪԱٸұһҴһʲô⣬뻹һҴЭ
˵ĶԣвѼӷһһһӵļӻڡæͷҪ׼һҴҴҲҪһ£ײҪٶˮܲ
ˣɵңȥ򣿴ҪǮһҴ󴬿²ˣҪɣûôǮ
ſָҴͬСģ𡣡
􏪿ЦҡͷҲ̫ΪˣڳеֽשҤʯҤ׬ǮӯĲࡣ
⻰˳ǣҲԼ졣
˭촬أ𣿡ʡ
˵Ҽľ֡
ŵصɴۣĻ촬
ľȣ˵촬֮ǰ㻹һЩԱɣҪһˡ
ֲˣھͳ𣿿Ҷû׼
ȥݸתת˳ǡ
􏪲⣺ǣ
ǣûǣô
􏪲Ѿ̫ͷˣϽ˵ˡУˡҪٸ
ҲҪʮˣԺԶһҪʮˡ
˻ֽͦ࣬һʾ޴˹􏪶ƣ뵽һ£ˣɵȥݸܲܰ
üȥҲ磿
ҲҪǺҾ˰ɣȥɽתתҵġ
˵ɡ
ʮԱһҳǲ֪ܲܳڸɵȥԺԶĴӣٻҪʮˣȥң
􏪺ȻϺ˵λүȥүɽʹͷϾүҲˣѾˡ˵ҪһҴǲǻҪȥүأ廹ӲʵĻ
􏪽ļԱϢųȥ̾˺ܶ౨ˣ󲿷ֻϴȥ˺ͺӵȺˡҶϲ£ΪǮøߡ
ʮ긻ǿģϾǸ
˵ϳʵҲûϣǸ׼ʱ䣬Ͼ߿հ
ǰҤճĴֽֽƷװ˴ȥ濴ܲüǮ
􏪶Դʵ̫ãʷƾãҪݺö࣬صӦòԼĲáֽЩõûռĶǡǺǵüǮ˵ҪԼҲܲôܿմȥɡ
Ĵ뿪쫷ٴݡ쫷磬ȫûϴεĴݵϴڼסͷ죬ưôˢԺİŽ޶á
֮˷ɾóԷˡ
ҡͷûθڡ
֮οݺảʮ꣬ʲôĶû쫷뿪պŵģǵĴ˳磬ٶȣӦÿˡ
Լ̫Ѩϣˡ
֮˵ɾԵ㶫ɣҪɾΪžģ
̧ͷúڰ׷۾֮Ȼǣ˵öԣӦ
԰ɡ֮ӵݵ
􏪿룬룬ԭ֮Ҳûԣ˵һԡ
֮ͷӣһԷһⳡꡣ
֮˵ҸոȥֽˣϪˮǣʱûֽҪˡ
ͣôأ
ӵ̫խˮҲȥһƬˡˮ콫ûˡ
üͷ﹵̫ˣˮͷǵһˮҺӵҲҪڿ
֮˵Ǵ󹤳̣ùٸԱС
ǾͬѦ˵ʾģ֪ͨ壬ͳһˮˣͲأû廵ɣ
лԴҰǧԭشϷΪθӣ࣬ԣʳͣǧһֱӣֱγ͢ƫһ磬ſʼϷũҵķչˡպ㡱˵
ɼϷũҵǴǱڵģϾһһıһϷ̫ˡҪ뷢չϷũҵˮ޿ɱģֻԷ
Ͳû⣬תء֮˵
ڰ극վȥ·Ҫȥһ
֮˵Ŵأͣȥ
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ȥ̣֮ź󽻸ȥȡ¸ϡ
Ժţ߽ˮУĿһ磬ſڵĵ˿ѾһƬֻ»ûĺˮڴ󿪣ˮȴļ仺ΪĻˮҲȥüҪ죬һճɻˡ
һˮ磬ȥֽ·ˣֻۏˮȥٴԼæͼ﹡ڿųˮȻ޼¡ϪǿһˮӿͲת
⽵ˮ̫ˣӼᶨҪˮ뷨
ۏˮȥֽãͿǵһģֽ޵ñȽϸߣˮû常Ӵѧͽǻֽֽҡ¿һҵ񣬽ֽˢͩͣԺԷˮҡ
ȶ꣬ˮҼܷɹܷ꣬üáȥʹ˲ֽͶҡ
􏪻оֽɡʱûɡ
􏪿˿˵ʦ̫ˣˮܻﲢ̫ȫǽһգŸһ㣬ˮȥЪŰɣˮ
õģɾӦʼкն
ȥתһȦ·ˮʪ룬ͷͦҵķˮЧ൱
ˣæӭɾʲôʱѲ˿˰
ǰʱСѾͷǰķԸϼˣȻù񽫲ϼʮϼ׳һȻɹɱáΪû֪ôƲ˿ԾһֱǶᡣ
Ǿͽ˰ɣóȥ·֮Ҳӡ˵
֮ȵָָԼңûӡ
˵԰ܼ򵥵ģҽ˿С
˿ȷʵ򵥣׼һſϯӣĸ˷ֱŲϼһߣһͱһż󼫱Ĳ˿һȥͳһĲ˿ò붤Ϲ̶ס
ΪݵĶ첻䣬Ӿû̫Щϼӡȵ죬ͲٸǺصëƤˣԸů͵Ĳ˿
Ļϲؽӱݣ򿪹ӣӷŽȥЩ˷ܵضվſڵ֮˵еھͱɶأһ²˿һҵģһ㡣ȥ궬ë궬һ˿
֮ܳллɾ
􏪽ŹϣлʲôҵĲġ
֮жղʵڻɣôᶮôĶȻ˿϶û˿ֲԸȥˣ˭Լĵ¡
쫷죬ͣĺ类ˮһһҹˮȥ֮˻࣬􏪴żĺӣˮҶϵĻϴӰֲĺ͹á
ǿҲϽЧ
ѾȥˣĴɲӰ􏪰οԼӦûôǶҪʱ䣬ٵȵȡ
ʮȥˣĴûѾвٴԱļ˵ѯϢˣΪʱ˵ˣŻʮҷء
ʲô취أһڵϢֻȴҸΪƣôϵԼء
ʮ죬ûÿҪȥתȦ룬׻ʲôأһֱڵţ磬¹ʣʧ˷Ҳ·ˣϰѸģϾиĻϱУ
һֱʮҹԸҽΣͻȻһ󺰣ˣɾǴˣ
һϽ˵첻ˣϢһ졣ɵҵĴˣҪȥ˵Ⱦ׼ߣ֮һץס
􏪲ػͷ֮˵ɾ𣿡
Ц˵ĶԣҸôѹȥܴ
̨֮ӱȡһͻѣһȥڳεĲ˼ڴϣˣϽȥߡ
˵ˣҲЯף߸ȥû˵ģҲȥ֣ʲô
ӭӵĶúƺƵҶ˷Īϴôȥ߻ء
􏪸ϵߵʱ򣬴ѾˣǼ棬һ˷ܲѣ˵Գ
ʣɵҺͼɽأ
Ա𣺡ں档
ŴӴģ􏪿СһԾ£æӭȥɵңǿǻˡ
˵ҪʲôƲ磬ͻˡ
ϲ⣺ҵˣ̫ˣлллл
֮ʣһпɻ˳
˵С
ɽϵİ˷ܵ˵ɾ㲻֪ǵĻöá󵱼ҵ̫ˡ
Цۣİ̫ˣɵ̫ܸˡˣϽȥϢ
б㲻ϴȥһ
ʲôȥֲܡں
˵ҹﻹҪȥһ¡
УҰȥ􏪽йºͼȥϹҹ˺ˬشӦˣΪ֪ʲô
ش壬٣ɽ˷ܵ˵ͣ˵һ·ļšʣ쫷ʱǵˣ
ɽ˵ڱͣˣֻܷģǴ󲿷ֶģļ۸ȹݸĻáֽңʮһȫˡ
ЦǻǲֽҲʮģ˵ˣ۱ˣ۸ϲȥ⣬׬ľǲۡ
ɽ˵󵱼˵ˣԺ󲻴ֽȥˣûȫĳֽҡ
⻰ʣɵԺҪȥ
ͷҲص˵ȥûôˣ
􏪹ЦȥȥԺɵˡ
صң􏪸Ͻ˸ԵģһʹԱǡӸһǮӣһ£Ǯҷһ¡
􏪽ӹǸĴӣвͭǮвĿʹôһЩȥȻʮӡȽǲóٸԱǮ֮󣬾Ȼʣʮһ˿ɸϵϼˡԻҪ׬Ǯ


37 ˮ
ƽ, ͸Ƶģ˺ӶӣҲ˯, Χߣ۽, ۾, ɽиִ̼ľ
􏪿˺˱Ͽ, ʵǸ˼ϸůУȻ֪ǻ
ȻҲ֪ϸ, ǳ˼ɽĸ̸ۣˣɵҺͼɽջ϶ˣ˵, ȥϢҲɢ, ȥ˯ջҪѵϿΡ
Ǵҷ׷, ȥ˯ųǮ, Ⱥ, ֮ߣԴ, ؽǮ֮ǰ˻Σ˷ܵ˵ٺ, Ǯ
֮Ц, ̲סȻʧЦϲɾ
üɫ裺û뵽Ǹ, ô㶫׬ôǮȻûȴˡ
֮, ͻȻеģϧҲܰɾ׬Ǯ
Ťͷôܣݵⲻȥģ
ǲ׬١껹˼һġ
ĸ첲οٲҪĲܾͲھϡ
֮ĬƬ̣ͻȻ˵ɾ̡
æ˿ܣȻץס󣬽һ·ϻؼУҲ˲ϻû˯ļ˺ؿǡԼ䣬􏪽Źϣŷſ֮ѹ˵֮⻰ɲϹ˵
֮˵ɾһٻؽҵ
ҡͷûСúõģΪʲôҪȥ֮İ
֪֮ɾ̫壬ˡҾãеĶУû˭ܱʺǸλˡ
􏪿֮ʵںΣҪô˵ԼСԭһֻǸͨͨоԱԼһݣѹûʲôʵۣ򵥵Ĵ̣֮ԭؽҵ
֮⻰ɫһ䣺ɾǷǸ̰Ȩˣ
ˣæ˵Ҫ̰Ȩ󣬵ͲݣҴδôֻǾãһֱǲƽġ
֮˵ԣһֱǲƽģΪ󽫾һҡΪ㡣ҲûٻؽҵֻɾƽƽľͺáֻݵЩӣɾƵĲܳ׵õӣҾãһСĵط̫ûɾ
􏪿Цã˵ЩЩСΪ˺ڶѡ
֮תǰϥ£濴ЩҴɾϿʣɾͨ͸Ӣңػ壬ӡɾ֪ӣ°Ҫӡ
ûԼоγµͣӪһңɲǹһô򵥣ھȨ͵ж̸ڣĸأǿлţʱ̶ŻʳѪ⣬Ǹ̵ͣһȥͱһűŪڹƵӡ
̾˿֪֮ػ£治Ǹ͡
֮Ҫ˵ʲôֵǰˣ㲻˵ˡǲҪᣬõ°ɡ
֮ȥǣɾ
􏪿еĻϨҲܣ˵֮ʱûʲôʵۡΪҾԼҲһңŪּĶؾôҳԱůô򵥡ҲΪմôҾͲԸȥеΣøȥЩ°ɡ㶮ҵ˼𣿡
Ҷˡɾ㲻Ҫе飬̫ˣ˻ء֮ͻȻס􏪵˫֡
Ȼؿ֮һЦ˵Ķԣľѳ֡ÿȥЩ˳Ȼɡ
֮Ҳ¶΢Цţ˳ȻɾҪЪ˰ɡ
˵ţȥϴ衣
Ҹɾˮ֮˲١
һ磬Ҳ˲ϳԳܵȥˣָ°ᶫܶ磬߻СжߣȥܲժҶˡ
ʹһܹ꣬ǤģǤһܳСˣٹܹ꣬ˣʱɽʺֲĵطϣһĴȫֲɲ衣
˲磬ϻкܶľģ˵ˣ׼ȷ˵ǵĲϡΪǵľҪضľģҿҪķɣԲҪȥľġյ׵ľĿ滻ԱǴ󣬾Ϳݱزɹ
룬ԼõЩӻûȣҪˡҲǹ̶ʲֵͶʣԺԴԴϵĲˡһҲǲģңҪһ֧Ӵ޵нӣƯ´½ȥ
􏪼سδ̲סǺЦɽ·ɾˮˡ
ֲһǣûУɽҪ
ɽٺЦҿɾЦùŹ֡ոʲôأ
˵룬ԺһҴȻֻݺĺȥܶ˶ĵط޾䱦
ɽ˵ǰ˵˶˾סĵطɽ˵ǲܹѰǲ֮ҩ
˰ɣʲôɽ
˵Ǳֻʲô
֪ȥ֪϶ɽ􏪱ôһʶԼԺеۺԺе۲һҲδػݴȥءⶼҪĵ£ȰѲ°ɡ
ֽ֮ϳˣΪţʵ̫ˣֻ²ϵɽҪɹˡ􏪿ҲˣԹʳԺ֮ȥɽȻ֪ͨĬ˹硣ɽ˺ϣˮʩʣ֤Щܻ
ʵöĬԼҲ֪˵Ӫȥˣֻ˵˵ѣʲôɲúϧĻ᣿
Ҳһ죬ĺӣҲ􏪴ĺһܳԱůܶʶ֡ĳЩ˵Իܿūۡ
􏪾ʹˣǵ彡ɿĽ飬һԸ취ǰѼƶǾĬΪʲôԸ􏪵Եʡ
ָ֮􏪾ͷĵػȥˣЩٻɹϣɻܸһ㡣ݵرȣʱʵ̫ʣЩֲĻֻаʱ䣬ɽ±ɽͣӦûȽ׳ɻ
􏪽ǴûȵǮֶøȥɹľ׼촬ڻǴҵĳ׶ΣܲǮٹһͺˣһԸһġ
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Ե֮ҪˮʩʱѦֻһ£ˮǮ˭
֮˵ٸܹṩһЩߣǾٺòˡ
Ѧ룺УٸͲһˮɣרŴ򹤾ߡ
֮˵Ҫٸ棬Ե򣬾͵ùٸ滮ᣬìܷĺ£ˣѦԺʷΪݰմ̡
ѦȹЦСү㡣
֮˵Щҵµ˼߻ȥѦȴ͸˵£Щͼɵµ˵ע⡣ֽ׶Σϣ躹ޣչԼʵվȽŸպıͼ
􏪵֪ѦȴӦˬ죬ҲȣѦϣ̺ôҲ벩οҲѦȵ͢˵ǨҲ졣
ˮһ󹤳̣ǼͿˣȫͳҪٸ滮ơ
ڹٸ֮ǰѾɳĹƳˣͲˡٸĹδ䲼ֽ׶λڽұء
􏪼뱸ܶռг˲˵ͼûбҪľƹʯƹߡ๤ߵĹЧʿ֪Ҳ˿ѻĵĿ
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ٸĹĻû´ﵽǾԼڡȻ˶࣬ȫ治࣬Լ£Ҫ촬֮ҪȥݳͻʹԣҲȫȥˮ
ȫֻмɽʮı׼ҲˣİӶϡ
Ǽˮǿһģ˶࣬Ҿɣһɲˣͻһȵٸʱ􏪼ſڵˮѾ迣ˡ
ٲĶһ飬Ȼ¹ٸɷѳͷˣѹû滮һ¡Ҳ􏪵ԤƷΧ֮ڣҲѦȸҪͳһ滮ƣѾȫ߹ٸܾûжˮˣ˭ͷͲӼԱء
Ȼٸܣ􏪾ԼܡڴеߣֻҪһۣ׼һӦˮ´Ҷϵϴˮԣ类ûһһҹһʳ϶ζҪӡԹٸһ˵ˮҶûƴǡ
􏪺ÿɳһ߲ҾͷɻҲõĵе¡ˮĹ滮Ҳ􏪵лռ˭ҵ˭ĺ磬˭Ҳ顣
޹􏪻ԤϪڿͲĽ´ʱˮŲȥ
􏪵жɲǸǵģܿ콫ǼᣬֺΡˮλãʯ滮ĵطǳۼֻҪھͿˡ
̫٣ҪǹٸṩѳͷũߵˣԼϹ¹ûȥˣһ¶ʧ𻵣Ͼũ̫ˡ
ûũߣЧʾͼ£􏪽еũ߶׳ˣһרȥѲ¡ģûȥˣĵǹʱ䳤̣úܣˮȻԽԽá
􏪿ҰӺĴǣͻȻũҵ廯ǸǲˮˮˮӣͬڼΨƾũ㹻Щȴ˹ǧ漣ʲôǲ¿಻۲ľ
뵽􏪶ԽԱľȻֻнԱ쵼շɡԽԱ˽Խ࣬羴֮ԽǿңޱȻںޣûܽԱúöһ򲻾˼ʵۻˡ˵Ҳʱòء
ڹǷȱˮ̶϶µʱ䡣ڼ쫷磬û깤ˮйãεûбûôǱܹ裬ˮˡ
;ͣһʱ䣬ΪҪոֵˮ
ʱڣҲԭһ˺ûϸʣµŻǮˣһҴֵӣܻʮá
Ҫ􏪱㸺еԴһαϴ׼Ҫֲ٣ֽ٣ֽɡƳˡ
ֽɡʱ򣬰ˣֽɡ飬˵پ١
􏪶Աпе˶æɡڹ̫ӣæ£Ҳѣˡ
һȥʱϴγ٣ȥһ£ǰк􏪻áȵʱõǮ􏪻ûס
һ澹Ȼȫǰ׻ӣһЩƵĽ𶧡􏪾ޱȣôôǮ
üҽֽɡõҵȥˣһѡ
􏪾°Ͷˣ̰


38 
ֽɡñȶҹ, ΪȽϸӣҸߣһ, ˼ҹСţǴҷţǳһֽɡţ
ֽɡܹ, ҲЯ, ȶôҪСˡ􏪵ļУҵҲɡģԾɡΪǾ, ͨҲһЩصֽɡǶһͬ⣬޷£
Ϊس˺ܶ, Ž⣬ʵշĿأΪʻǸЧɡףÿӿס, ɡͿӵѡϷ˲ٹ
ĥ, ɡľͲˣû뵽ȻۣƷˡ
􏪴лعôȻҲ򣡡
Ƴһۣǲ֪ҵЩٹ˶ǮѲյľɡҶҪӣ´˻©ˮ, ֽɡΪʲôô󣿡
ĴָɵҸɵƯ, ǾšҸϽȥһĿ, ҷǮ
ܻؼңǮ㣬ʮӣӣʮͭǮҲ˵һ׬ٶ
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􏪽ֺø˵ɵң´ҪʲôϣҪǮֱӸ˵
ʱãڲ촬ҪʱٸҪ
ЦǺǵ˵ҲСɵΪҷǣɵңҾٲȱǮˡɵ´δʱҺǰ׼
˵Ҫ˵£ȥһˣչһЩʳжҪ٣ȥȥ
􏪷ǳȣǺ˻ˣԽһ֣ȻҲȱʳֻǳִ󼢻ˡ
˵Ϻˣܶضû֣ĺã˵ĺܶҲûճɣҵѾвֵļ񡣡
ޱ𾪣ôأôûѦѦҲδ¸ǡ
˵ʱأŮĻܶࡣЩ˻ģ뻹´ȥ򣬵ʱ͸ˡ
ǳ鴤һ£˰˿˵øƵģ˻ǲˣȷʵȱȥļһ£ԸģʹݣܹǶġ
ҡͷļ˻ԸͺñȻ˸˭ԸȥȣֱȽףԺҪĴԱҲˡ
Ϊִˣ􏪶˿ܾ̫ˣֲƷôܹأԥһ˵ȥ԰ɣΪƾ˵ԸءΪūɹ͹
ü鷳ˣء
һֱû˵֮ͻȻ廰˵ɾһ˵
􏪻ͷһۣȥˣ֮ѹ˵ҾһЩҲδɣɽǱߵҪܣūҳ϶ȱȽϸߣõ©
ô˵еǺԥ˵һʵ̫˵ˡ
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ڱ˵ˣ֮ȱܴһȷʵǽȼü֮Уġ
􏪽˵˵İɡ˵ʱһԸģͶɣù롣
ͷ֪
ʵ􏪾Լǿô¶ˣض׹ζʲô϶ܴúܺá
˵һЩˡҪʵԼû׼ܷһЩĸ
š
˵ȥչʳ
˵԰Ϊڣն٣ղȥݸһЩ
֮ͣȥݸչʳҲ̫Զ̫Զʱɱ̫ߣ¡
ݵʳ쫷Ӱ죬Ҳ۸ҲЩǣԭһﵾȣһİһ׬ٶӣԼǮҲóˣ㹻ʳˡ
ʳԴԴϵɳ塣ºʮʳ˺ٶƣʱڹ򵽵ʳࡣȥݸһЩݸؽƽ̹֣˿ҲȽܼʳݸߵöࡣ
뿪􏪲ûֹͣչʳΪ󣬽ܶˣЩȫ໴ųԷء
Ҳ׼·ӣˣ͵ðסܲ˯¶ҶҲˡ
ˮû깤ڼšѾڰ¸ǷˣһϷӵһ߼ޣ޵Ļ¥Ϊ˽Լ¥ľ
ÿǰһӣһס䣬ǵ˻ĸס䡣
պǮ޷Ӱȥ
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ǰһ£ӾȫǺˣϷӲŵһţڱϳֱǵĽǶһţжʮ˼䷿ӣҲ˵ٿϰٸס¡
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􏪼ô·ĽĽҲķڷϾɾɾ´׬ö࣬ĸﲻҲǮ޷ӣʵڽۣһģΪɶôأøʱҲҲ
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􏪵õϢɱȥ̲ӭӡϵ½½ӴҲС׳꣬٣ѾˡЩ㲻ڣҲͷ棬ɫɫί٣ǲϰߺϵĵһϰ˾һƨ˺̲ϣ̤ʵˡ
ˣ˵´˶ＯŶӣʶһ£λǵļɾ
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仰ͽһȺԭĻ˵÷ģλϤĿĻ˵òȻƫԶ࣬Թžŷ˵ĵطٲõĻᶳˣôůͣûʳҲҰ˳伢϶ˡ
֪λɾԼˣһͬ磬ɵø˺øУû׼Ǹмɽ˵ɾʴȵˡ
˵ôõĴѾǳƣˡϽȥɣѾˣԱϴٺúϢգϤһ»ٸλ
˵ɽһȥ꣬Ӱͳһݸ􏪣˶ǩֻѺˣ͵ǩֻѺˡϸóʲôҲдͷԼŰɡ
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ǻصңɽĿɿڴվ·ǰ뿪ãɾȻ͸ô·ӣæܹɾۼҵķ𣿡
˵ԣ뿪޵ģЩסġȿᣬӦô䡣
Ⱥ˶վԺűţ˿Ǽ临ӵģǴӴڽһɫéݣģطôôһҸ߷ĶûС
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֮􏪰ӣæ˵ӣɾ
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ûмգ긻ǿҲҪģܵұԱҪˡ
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صͷɵҲ֮ˡ
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˵͢Ҳڵչ˽һǼǰļ۸Ҳûȥҵײ˷ϣȥ˹ٿ⡣


39 ү
˵߾Ʋ, Ҵϱߡ֮ǰȥݸչһЩҶ˿񡣡
􏪷Լ뷨ǳͷãץʱ䰲ֽմ㰲һЩ˴ְɡָ촬¡
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􏪻صԼ, ҲǮ, ǳ̾˿ΪΪ⡣Ҫս𡣡
֮˵ɾΪȻ򵽰
ҲΪ, ʳ, ϱһֻ, ˵Ⱥǻôбۿ
֮̾Ǵ󽫾, Ͳôˡ
􏪰ڰ֣˰ϣ, ǰֹ, 󽫾бȨգһ޼¡ʧȥ˳Ϊ, Ȩı߽ͻƿ, ں˵һֻ׵ĸ󣬸ͻ㷽ҵǳ, , Ȩڽڰˣոһǣһأܳã
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ЦŰһ֣ôˣǮɡʾ֮Ǯ
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֮ʧЦͷһ˵Ǯġ
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鷳֮˵
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׼ϢǮ˵ͷҽȲҡ
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˵мյģ;ֵȥûеģͷȥұѻġ촬
֮ͷ˵ȺûжģҸɾֵһ¡˶ˣҲˣ˷乤ҪһֲУʲôԼ̫ˡ
ҲǣҸæУδغʣʵϴʣ˽Щֻࡣ
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􏪵ͷҲСȺˮǲá
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ȷ£ԵȥϺ顣Ϻ˵£ǳ⣬վһҾɾκ飬ҲӦ
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ҳ˼һλϷӽ̴ʶֶ飬һλɾҽʷ
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ûмյˣһȥѻģСȥשҤʯҤϱΪҪѵЩ˵Ա
Ϻ鿼ǵúܵе¶ר˸Ͳ׳©˶Լķ飬ҪλֻҪ˵㹻ɣ͸
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ĴڿʼˣһȺľϺһں߸ɻȱʲô֮ȥ
Ĳɹƽʱ֮ģ൱ⱻ֧ʹ֧ʹֻе¡ֲȥȣ黹ǻ䵽ΪҪǻҵ
􏪶촬ȤŨÿ춼Ҫȥ߿һأˮܸյĽ飬Ƶʱ켸ա
Ľ⣬􏪿ˮܸյᷨȴǳѧʵã􏪻Ǹʶġ
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վһһʦƺ˽⴬Ĺ죬ɵüͣһ죺ʦ
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˵ǰɳ˴Ӳȥ壬Ҳ
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􏪸п羰治
Ϻ˵һǵķˮΪ˶ʮҲǳΪûʲôأȫΪ
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Це˵ү֪ߺô࣬͸ôӹġ
ߡǺһ·ɱųǰȥ
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ҾԽҵүһû˵Լǰɳģɧҡ
ү̧ۣС۾⣺ҵģ湻Զģɡ


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ү廹ͦӲʡļأʵе㿴ˣүӦǵһˣûбˡ
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˵үһҴ괺쵽˹ȥԸԸȥ
үǵ۾􏪣˵Ŀ滰Ըȥ
Цŵͷʵɽġ
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˵׻˵һϣһүľ˵öǮġүŵùңʰ߰ɣԺҸա
үֲ̧һ᣺㡢Ҫң
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ү̾˿ЩɶԹʵҲûйϵ͸ûйϵˣ治Ҫ˵ǰɳġȥն
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үŷЩư裬ʹһСֻèע⵽үİŵһ˫ӤЬһӤӣоԼѣӤЬǵĺ׼ģûϡ
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үڴ˴кү˭
壬Ҫȥأ
Ҳе٩֮߸磬أ

үɫĮȻؿȺɫھӡԶף˵ԣҪˡ
⻰㲻ǿЦɣ㶼ˣôܳЩƭӣ
ԣүʹˣ岻ãҸߡ
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֮ʵҲв뷨Ȼ˱뺷Ƕһ֧սĶ飬ԱҪʰ÷
ݳǣŹȻѾˣ֮ȥţȻϿݳǵ͹ţϼܿš
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􏪿ãȻԼϽ˹ѧҽС


41 ѧҽ
􏪽Ť, ֮󣬿˵ҩʱ߶ྲ
겡, 􏪸õĴͽ£Ҷͽ𣿡
Ҷ̧ۿһ, ѾҽݵˣֱӾܾ, ˵գҶͽҪ󼫸ߡ
ʵΪͽǸҵ, Ͼһ, ͲԺʳ, κ£򶼲ܶӡ
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Цˣ, ЩǶᡣ
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ͼӹҶУ, ҪͨҶɡǿԳѧѺѡ˵
Ҷһ£ҽĩСɾݸ߹󣬹˺Ҫѧ
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ϯ˵Ҷ޿ɱ粵ΪñӴ̫ˣ˵ձưɡ
􏪹֣лҶġ
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Ҳ˵㣬􏪺˶䣬޴ɱܣԼҲֹסһɤӣһƳĬΣҶƺ̫Ըͽܡ
֮˵ֻǲԸ˰ˣ½̻ͽܶʦ
˵ô룬Ǿ̫ӦˡмԴҽǸʦѧġʦˣ֦ɢҶ˵ģǳΪļҴѧҪҽţ֤ҽ²УҽҲϣҽߺʦܲ˽ģܱܽԽԽá
֮ĵϲ֮鼸ҪţסԼ􏪲ǵĳ嶯ӵЩ˶ɾ˽γҴ󰲹ǿʢ£бĵ¸ΰ˽հԶĵӣڣ
ʣ˵˭ȥѧҽȽϺʣˡ
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Ұɳ徹Ȼܶʶ֣ԸڿΣҲϢҲû˵ļӡ飬үʹݺĺʶ㣬ҲδɾǸ˲պضɴ¡ãԼɳˡ
ΣѯϺԸԸ˼ȥѧҽϺǳԸ⣬˵ѧҽǱһ֮ԺҲõˡ
˵ͬͺãҾȥԼˡʵҪ͵ҽȥҶѡֻҲһ
Ҳ֮ǸᡣϺ˵
ڶգ֮ڳѵʱһ£ҪȥˣôҶźԼ£綼Ҫȥ
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ʳ֮Ҳڿѡȥѧҽ£Ըѧҽľ֡
һʱ䣬ǶЩãȻ˼ʣɾȥѧҽǲǾͲܻˣ
˵ȥѧҽĻסͶҽˣҪʦҩĥҩҪչ˲ˡѧͷҽ飬ʦѧôˣѧˣԺܾ˵Ĵˡ
Щ˹ĺӶ֪ж棬ҽ׬ǮǮ˼˶ͿģӣʵúܡѧҽҲζҪ뿪ң뿪ңûԸ
􏪼ҶĬ֪ǺòװԸڰ˵Ըʦһ£ʱһ졣
˼ʣʦҪѧأ
˵ѧֹȻǻѧϡȥҽѧͽÿʦʲôʱǳʦҪİɡѧղ´ҩǾ¡
һ˵Խˡ
˵ǲǲ뿪ң뿪ֵܽúǣʦ⡣ΪʲôҪȥѧҽأ㿴ôˣûһ˶ҽݳôԶһи֢˾ûˡ
ʱиӾ֣ʦȥ
􏪿ǸСĺӣþǽ괺ͻ֢ûģʱҹ﷢ҲûǣȵˣŷѾ첻ˣ͵Ѿˡ
􏪵ͷãСһԸȥûУұˡҲδؾͻȥѧҽΪʦῼУ
䣬Ӿ֣һ˼飬һĽг˶صͷֵĸ˵֡
֮ţ͵ҽݣ·ˣúúÿˣܸɾһЩӦ˵ĺǶɾʱٴ⡣
Ҷ֮ôͽˣҲû˵ʲôԼӸӳ⡣
ȿͷ裬ÿһʱ䣬ȻֽĬд
һ̭СΪǴһֱ̭ˣ˼ͳͨ˵һֿУ
ڶĥҩӱ̭ˣΪĥòϸ塣˼鱾ǸûԵӣһֲӱĥó࣬ҲϸĶˣһҲˡ
Ǳҩʮζҩı״ζȻټζҩѡʵǳΪˣϾǴδӴҽҩĺӣܿһͶסġ
˼ƾŶܱе츳ǽЩҩ׼ȷؼɫ˿УԲһ㣬һζҩ
Ҷ˿ָ˼˵⺢°ɡ
֮˵Ҷɾ˵ҪһҲи飬һѧ˱ȽϣѧҲһЩҿҪôһɣͰܲ
Ҷ֮ȻֵŸӸһĳҲ°ɡ
ֵ֮лȻȥʰ˵һ͸Ҷ
Ҷӻ֣Ҳö˵ʲôסŵسҽݵţ棬ŸҴں
˻ϲ˳ϲûбѡеġ˼ͳ쿪ʼǾҪеѣסݳˡԺҲܴһһϿˣҲԲɾˣԽԽѹ
˼ɥ֮ߣʦͲٸʦ˰
֮ѵԴһѣ绹һ졣ҽݣҲܻķܷܽ塣ҲҪǵá
šӴ
֮˵ǲҪôɥõĻᰡɾǮѧģҪŬѧҽͷǵñЧɾҲԶǻ᳣ǵġǱߴһʱ䣬ͬʦ˵ÿ·һռ٣̽˺ѡ
á˼شӦһ
􏪵֪˱ѡУ⣬˼鼫ֻҪԸ⣬ѧʲôڻ¡̤ʵ£ӦҲѧɡ
󣬴׳ж􏪼Ժȴ֮Ҳȥ֮˵ɾ˭
ԹԵȻѪڣʲôɾİȫҪ
Ҳȥ֣ʱȥֻңԻʵڼҴŰɡ
ȥֻȥˣһ󣬾µļģҪѵҪ͵ٸȥͽ䣬ȥ˵ġ
үȥǰﲻФﶪۣȥ߿ʦ촬ȥˡ
˼֮һƽʱߴߴģ«ԹãϼӸ׼ѣ¶涳ţһ߶߶ضֽڿһЩһ㣬ɻʦ˲ŶҲܸڼƵģ˴СУ˿ûô㡣
֪˼ش
ϼӺֺۿǲǲȥ
˼˵ʦ˵ˣҪѧҽԺɾʹҶмİҪȥѧģȥɡҵ岻ãѧ˻ܸץҩ
ϼĨһ۾§ס˼飺ҶˣһҪúѧϰΪɾҲҪúѧȫңŲº顣ɾۼҵľˡ
˼鲻ϰǵĸ﷽ʽڵ˵֪ˣȥɾʦ֣Ժˡ
􏪽ˣܵȥڼɡ棬ֽϻ÷պŮͼ֮ȥֽͩͣɡӹֽɡӻǿ˵ùȥ
˼ݣؿһۣɾử
˵򵥵ҪҲѧѧԼҩ鶼õϡ
˼һ£ҩ飿
԰Ժѧҽ϶ʶܶҩģ㲻ЩҩĶ¼ø֪˵ҽҩʷϾ˼֡􏪳ۡ
˼۾Ҳʷ᣿
̧ۿΪβɣֻҪŬúѧϰûʲôܡ
˼£֣ɾҰɡ
˵ҪϰʲôӻԺÿ¶ͱīֽȥúϰ
ллɾһúѧϰģɾࡣ
ԺѧҽˣǶõı𡣡˵
˼ɾ̻壡
滭УһԿ飬ʦĬдġӱ˼ŷ飬뵽ԺҪԼҪõĻ룬Ҳ̸꣬Եؿ˼顣
˼ʦ֣Ҫˣɾʦ̵Ķ㶼úüһʱٽҡ
ͷá
˼˵ʦ֣벻ȥʦѵˣ
˵㻹ʵڼҴŰɡȥңվҪȥѧҽˡ
˼㬵˵Ҳ˵˵Щ̫ɺˣȻɾ۸ʦǡ
􏪿˿ӰλãѾȥһʱˣ֪ΣҲû˻ͨһ֪ʲôˡ
˼˵ʦ֣Ҳڼңչһҵ¡ҵȽŲãµҲЩѣæ
֪˵
ллʦ֡˼ֶ˵ԺͳԲɾ嵰ըˡ
˸еķΧһӱԻԹ嵭ˣЦ⻹ףÿ¸һǮȥм򡣡
˼æ֣вУôҪɾǮ
˵ȥѧҽġȻסҽݣżҲܻҪǮĵط⣬һǮáҸ·Ǯе
Ҫ˼˵
ûеҸģҲҸɣ˱ˣǮɱ׶ˣǰɣ􏪳ʹ˸ɫ
Ǿлɾˡ˼վֳ̧һ
Ц˵㿴㿴ѧḯǰɡϽԼȽŲãû㡣
˼ҲЦԼվϥϵĻҳɾá
􏪴˸£˵ҼƤ񶼵һأҲ˿ҡ
˼Ц˵ɾҼõˡ
ססҺëˡԼ첲Ĩѣ˵ȥгɱֻóԵģ˼ԶȥҪСĸҪ̫ҪҪʿˡ
Ӧȥˡ
􏪺ȻԼˣز԰еģǹӵĺ«ըѡһСĸĺ«ֻ㣬Եֱ˱ָҲȥεʱԹôһأԽ֡
̫ϼļȫ˿Ҳÿ˳һڣ􏪾ԼլӵСŵ˼ͳʣ˳Ҳү
ζǺóԶģڳæãڽֻըˣеɢܣ«ѾԲϺˣûϵ˿ӰĿڸС
ûԣζѾ˵ζٸˡ֮ʱˣǴҷʳֻըƤƽ࣬Ƥµļۻˬڣҧһ֭ˮԵ˶˵
үЦǺǵ˵ǹˡ
Ц˵ҲʲôöպĸүʡˣǱΣ֮
֮˵ǰһ̨Ҳʮˣſˡǵ˶û񫣬û˸ˡ
ǼµƤأ͹𣿡ʡ
֮˵ˣûأ˳㱨šû뵽ø˺óԵģеڸ
􏪹Цǰϵ粻ϵɡ


42 ұ
үһ, ǿ˿ڣɾҪǼ͹𣿡
ΪҪ飺үǼоѾ, ǿҲûˣҲԸ⶯˽, ͵ٸȥðɡ
ү̾˿ȷʵ, ǰȷʵ޷죬ûǹٸôз
룺ɷ, δ, дһͽ̣Ӧ͵γΡ
үҡͷҲ, ڴǺаԵҲܵѵ, Ȼ޷ˡ
􏪼ûΪǼƤ, ǼڱҲã֮ǰеͽ, ڿûС
֮͵ã⼸˱ʮ֮, γһꡣ
¸һ, ԤȥѻģûйǸ⣬ұ
½ڸѧͽ˻⼸˵ľͬһֱǰᶫ, ûִ, Ҳ, ˵ľ黥ƴһ, ܹŪһұ̡
􏪸ǵҪ, ұߣ¯䡢ȵȣɽеұͿˡ
ûúľ̿ȼϣԷȼ¶ܹﵽڻ
ڸڻҺ̬״мľ̿۽ȣ¯ȥǿԼӹߵˮľ̿۵ȴ󣬾ǷǳӲĺ̼֣Ȼǵ̼֣ũ߹ߺ㹻ˡ
ȻұֻǳģĻõĸ􏪺ݰ˵ѾǳʵˣٱľͷʯͷҪЧöࡣ
ΪȥѧұǶԵģû̹Ħ£ԼҪ߲·ĥ󿳲񹤡
􏪷ʽұм˽ʱ䣬ĬΪ􏪲ˣһЩͼԼȻ˼յĿȫǵʲôûõ
ȵٴδ˺͹߳կʱ􏪴Ĵ׼̡
⼸£ĬѾ􏪵ķԸɽ޽ľͷӣ˾ס
νǱסɽӦĻǶȥļ˵ͷǳˡ
ɽﳱʪóܸ࣬࣬˼棬ɽ˲ֹһΡ
􏪸˹ǮʳҲǳŴܱûϹÿ»ڣԻؼҸĸ޶žۡȥɽʲôǲܸ˵ģñܡ
һ¯ԪǰϦΪ껭һԲľš
ȽŲ㣬􏪻ȥɽ
Ȼɽȫ֮š֮֮ΪȻɾֲǵһˡ
ϴұʽҲֳҲ֮ȥģΪǶҪʱ̲ȱϯ
ǳĵྫϸӰܡԼҪ꣬㹻ĿѻĹˡ
ȥָկĲ֣􏪺֮ʣµ˼ҡ
ǵļһЩ􏪴һĴԱǱá
ζžû˺һ٣ܱԼ
􏪻һСߣС֮ĶСĹ߲ѶҲռٿռ䣬û׼ںóзӳ벻ĹЧ
􏪲㳯۴Ĺߺũߣʱڣûպֵ̼ұǻֻǳĺ
Ҳʧ⣬ϾԼȱ
ֵԪ֪􏪾ݶȹͷѾĵңִƴģôܹû顣
Ϊף꣬ͰŸƣףʱȫҶҪһ
ǰɱһͷ˲􏪾ãûζȱ˵ζ¹㣬ζŨ
ͷȫ±һ٣Ҳһٵ̫࣬һͷͲԡ
Ϧ죬ģ˶ͣ˹һɱ򣻸ɱ׶죻СæĥɽżͷϳȥˣкȥϺӺ߼زٱǺͺݣץһЩзҶΪҹԼһ
ŶѻɽʳģָŴҸôΨԼ
һˡɾ𣿡һϤ
ϼͷһʱЦտ˼飬ôԼˣʦȥ㡣￴ţЩ
˼żըʲô㣡
˼ˣڵϣܸһ˼飬Це˵Ӵ׾˲٣ѧҽðɣɹ̫
˼ٺЦɾأˣǴӱģ˵ġ
һ㶣ҵģ
˼Ѹִըõһץһ飬ָԼϲ˲􏪡
̲סЦģҽûԣ
˼죺ʦֻһ⣬񫡣
üѾˣôԵô᣺ʦһ𣿡
˼˵濴Ŷ࣬ʦֺõģҲʦ˼ԼԣҲ
ЦԴͶһ㡣ɱһͷֻ򣬻мͶ죬ԳƤԡ
˼ǣк«𣿡
􏪹ЦɰģûСʲôʱҽݣ
ȥǰ𣿡˼üɫ衣
˵ɣܳһġ
̫ˣллɾҪ􏪣϶㵸
􏪽ԼլӣһվԺʯ˯ֻè
􏪵ıè˺үĺèСڣʶѾӰĻ飬ڣլ󶼾˼
˼黹ûüڣԷѾ˽ˣתӡ
վſڣŶԷǣ
˹֣ӲʶңˡԽƽӡ˵ȥ
üͷԽݣԽԽķأԽˣ
ʲôü
˼Ťͷԣһֱ˵ĳС˵ȥʦʦ֡
һˡ
ƽЦӼǹҴӣصС˹ʺһ
˵лǹңҶȥ㱭衣ҶȥɽժмлƲǸũƵġ
ͷӣҪɷСˡƽæֹ
վסҼɾ˼ʦʦҪʱ̸ɾİӽʱҲʶ˾
ƽվסˣЦԷǵؿǣڰ֣ǺðɣҲȥ
ʱҴҸ˻ɾɾΪɾڳţȥĥĥӣû뵽һתɾȥİˣʱŵֱð亹ʲô⡣
ڳ𣺡ء
ǰȫģ˿˭
˵Ҳʶ
ݺò裬˼Է˹ȥȲ裬ҾͲȥˡȻֻʣһһǺϧġȷǵѣǱֵȽϺá
ⲻçײߵ鷳
ƽЦãҲûǿ󣺡Աǡʯ
˺СڱһİΣ˵ʯ˸˦˦β̨ͣסСڴȥ°ϵëֻǹģ֪ôôᡣ
ʱ֮ɱԺӡոձȥĩ֮£ҵ˵ˣǴӱģĸҵ飬Ʋ񱼻
һԺӣ㿴ңңԶɵ˿
ƽպһڲ裬֮Ͻ²豭񣺡ṫү
֮ɨӶԷһۣʶ㣿
ƽεҡͷʶһ΢СṫүʶԶԶӺṫү
֮üͷ
ƽЦУ̽ӣ֪߹úòá
􏪺֮һۣȻ΢΢һЦлܼǹңȥһţܳ˯
ҼɾǿܹȥӲؼǹˡ֮˵
ƽӻһţ֮ǰֽҵģ͵
֮߹ȥӹţдš˷ࡣͷ􏪣ɾ
˵ҿ
֮㽫Ƿø􏪣􏪽˺гֽҴҶһ飬֮֮һȳһյ߻ش
􏪶ƽ˵ɡ˼ţؽ
ƽݣܹ죬ǳİϯǸ߽ӣ֣ƺ˵ߡ
֮վߣʣɾ£
􏪽еż֮ԼȥƽԿʵҪԽȥӣ
ƽͷԾдϢʥּû´Ȼʦ£ԽֱӴӺݡ³ԮֿɺУӶȨԹ˲ϾֻԮֵҪǳÿ⣬Ҫһȥӡ̫ǲȥģֻʣԥԽͰĻӣԥҪر߽Ļ̫һĸֻͬԽˡ
􏪶ԽطӡһϲŪŵ꣬Խĸ΢֪봢֮λԵֳ޺ԣ˷أԶȨУû뵽ջӲӵˡ
ƽͻȻͨһ£ӣ֪ȥ׶༪٣ϥ½һӣȥС˱ӻգ뽫Сиӡӳȫ
Ѿе֪Ϣˣط㽫Լطϵʵһ㣬޶ֵ֮飬طԼһδиԼѾϵ̫ӣôģ
􏪳Ƭ̣˵һСӳ߹󣬻оλ͵Ҵǲװɡ
ƽٴߵף׵ϲʱȿ̾ѰռУƿԼˣǲСٳΪӰɡСԵǰ󣬼һȻƶ񤣬࣬ȴҲҵ֮Խ񰧺Ұһ˼ҴӴ˴ڣȻԵãСڴضȻȹһ
􏪺֮һۣ֮üͷ˵Ҵ˼ֻ㿴ı棬ݿȣ쫷磬ζ׶Ѻá
ƽ˵ѿΪ˴ӣûֵи֮ˡ
Ǻӵ游ܲ۸ɡ˵
ƽҡͷǲ֪½ͻ֢˵Ҫ̫Ӽȡ»жãҲСѴӣˡ
üͷšһ֣̫ǼλԼĴԽΣˣضǲԼ̫ӻϡ
ԥҲ԰ɡ˵
ƽԥһ£˵ˣԥ̫ͷ̣ҪεģС͵ǱȥҲȫΨ⣬ҵشƫԶ̫ӲĿŵٶԴʲôԷȫġ
Цһ̶þء
ƽٴߵףӴӦӻСӡ
˵ɣʥּǻû˵תأҪұӻãԽ̫ӦԸγԥд̣˵ѡеһȥӡ
ƽز̧֮ڶԷһţӦ㻹볤ˣǹ˵أҼɾҲӦġ
ƽڵϣ档
􏪼״̣ɣչ꣬˶žۣΪڴƯҼйɡȥʰ᷿ס¡
æȥʰǼ½ڳĿշǷԭǸ޴ŵūסģǰҰԼңᵽԭסլ䣬ⷿӱ˳
ȫҶһҹ̫࣬£мҵūͱ˷ʳؼҳԣıȺһԡɺе˺һլһԡ
֮ϯүϯƽǿˣ֮ˡ
˷ʢķʳ׾ƣ􏪾ٱΪȥһɱ
˾ٱɱ
һһپپƱΪһɱԸ˳念¡
һɱ
􏪵ϵЦǺǵظ֮ٴΪǵԲٸһоƽ
ƽκ޼ӵǰ̫ӣһﷷƽƽСޱϧҲΪңˣһʰļ
С͵׺ǲã


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žƱվЦչ, ɾ, ǶǮҶɾл, ɾһơ
Цɡ
̧Ž, кü, ǴɷĹˣҶԼҤƵľƱ􏪾ƣףɾ೤彡
ЦǺǵؾƱлҺ, , ɱ
ǴҶһ
û뵽ֻǸͷ, մɷľ˾, ֽҲˡȻѾԼȥסˣӺСڳ﹤һҹҲ߳Եġ
ֽ˾˳ȥҴɻԭأЦúЩ͵˵ҡԪ³˳ףϣɾμӡ
һ, ʱ֮İǾ͹ϲˣǼҵһ׮ءһ
ɳһ, ȻҲлɥȢ, Ǹôˣʶ˳ˣɲǴϲһø׼һС
ȥשҤƣĸǣӻǣкǣ׷􏪾ơľǹܹġ
Ŵ׾ƶܵͣҲܲסôȣ֮Ѿе΢
ʱҲ˾ƱɾҴԱҲһף˳⣬Դ
֮˵ɾʤҴȰɡ
֮˵ɾԸҾľƣǲ𣿡
ʵؿǺЦﻰɵҾƣ϶Ҫȡһͷһɵҹҽɾ͸о׽ˣҼˡɱ˵Ʊͷһ
􏪷¾Ʊżվ׼ȥһˮվһ͵ǰȥűȹסˡ
ŵ֮һӾƱͬʱʱסͬɾ
􏪱˷ٺɵ֣ллллû£ȥ¡
֮ɵɣҷɾȥ
һۣɾȥɣҲҪȥ
֮üͷ壬􏪺֪ûΧı仯˵гԼĸ첲òãԼȥͺãǼԡ
֮ûԼλϣһһ􏪳ãԼլé
􏪽ŲѾֱ߲ߣﻹ£˵˲㣬Լȥͺá˵Ŵ˸Ƿ
֮üͷ壺ɾȶˣûʳոƶ岻á
􏪴˸öڰ֣żΪ֮ոȾƲãθ˸ΣǱȡ
ߵլſڣ֮ȻʲôתͳլܡƳ˶Էһۣ􏪿żɾϸż
̧ſȥߵéſڣ֮ںɾҵһȣҲϻѡ
􏪻ͷЦ֮ܵ
žŻѵ̧̧֮üëû˵ʲôһ֮ȥ
֮û˳ѹ˵ɾչνϸ΢
ҷڵ£ġ֪ɾȶˣΪʲôҪȾơܴ֮
˵ҾƣǳءûʸⱭơ
֮ЩˣֻԼĸܣں
㡭˵ƿԡ
ڹ߳éˮʱ֮ű˴ˣ·ûԷƵġ
˵ǷҪéѾˣðɡ
֮Ҩˮ􏪾֣˵ɵңһϣǵðѻóˮȻȥˡ
û˵߽éš
ٷƽ뿪Խ֮ԵʢһΡʳԽҲδԹˡΪԽԽذգҪȫ½ʳԽ񹲸ʹ࣬ÿٲһһضѡ
ݵĴ£˷ʳżЩеƣ˵ģݾӪ൱
ǴԵĶ֮ƺģܳĶһֹṫүһˡ
С͵˴ûãЩ޸ĸĹ¶ƣٲҪֶӵ׶
Ȼһ׮ʹ£С˵´ѾõѡˡֻǴδɿڣԸСӡ
ΪԪ􏪸˶٣һ꣬ҲúúЪһЪ
ƽգι˸˵ǴִģԴµıͶأȫܸһΨһҪĵĵģǾеλ
ԥߵбϾ˼ߣһǰȫġ
ƽܿ뿪ˣڻȥҲϣܸʥּ´֮ǰȥʱ׼
ֱ뿪􏪶ûɿڽԽĶӣֻǸԽдһŽݿȣȱҽҩͯɳǸ˴𸴡
ôຢӣΪЩ޼ҿɹ飬޸ĸõĹޣܱ֤Щȫݳ󣬵Իᾡľе
طΨһıǺӽʳǿ֮أóζƣ治ȷܹôǺӡ
һزˣô˽Ⱳӿ¶ҪС
ƽ뿪֮󣬼ĸܹĵ¿Ҫ֮ǰ׼еʣֽšҶԼҴ
ʵõļڱǶΪԱϣֻ˳£ŷٶȿ죬Ҷ쫷磬Ƚϰȫ
س̵ʱõȻǴѾת򱱴дʡ쫷ٷ
ү⣬Լĵǣںϣ쫷磬ľĿֻǾһûбҪȥðա
үź˵쫷಻٣Ҳа취ܽͷգźߣȻʱ࣬Ҳкܶ벻Ļᣬܹذ˻ȡ䱦
һ􏪵ͬ˳ȥʵҪĲ׬Ǯ޸صĸ߲ˮʳӡС͸Ըǵˮƽ
ɵҾΣ
˵ԶֻȥռǣԻҪүġ
˵ǾͰжλˡȥ챦ΣϣλܹռһЩ
ɾֻܷԸ˵
􏪱㽫ԼõﶼһЩҪıռصĹӣ߲ӣԼ޻ӣЩǽǳԱԺôů⣬ʲôϬȻΪ塣
ȻܻȡٺòȻĻңȻǽ辭͢УȻ;й
үеƷһۣɸ˺Ŀ̫һˡ
ȥ⣬޸ޣ鱦裡ţǵƷҪܴʲô⥡ϬţȻǲĴջ
􏪾ȻֻҪЩ۲ֵǮƷ
ү˵ɾ»Ķʴ˱
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үЦ˵ɾѵĳԲӣ
ЦЦǳԱˣô˳Բءȥ걱½ϲ֪˶ˣ˶ˡ
һۣҶɾ˼ˡ
̧ļ磺Ǿɵˡ
³Ҵɳ׵ӣȢĸǱߵԶףһ˵ǣСʱӣȫäƼޣ˵ǸòĹ
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׼ˮϯѹÿһǼҿûǱǳԡ
ͷһγ˱˼ҵˮϯԼ޿ˣˮϯԵɡ
ӴǶѧƣΪɵĻŴ׾ƣдˣо⣬൱ϯ
􏪾ƣԼл⣬˵ݺᡣûѩ̿һ
ƽʱ࣬˿̺˲پƣ䷢Ҫһӵţ
􏪲ΣЩᣬһλĬԵϸףڶӳɼҵ֮ʣʧ̬ˡ
ԼҲԵüĸĸôԼΪʲôأ
􏪱˼ƽγŨ֮ȷԾϽľƱɾĪҪٺˣθ˸Ρ
􏪿֮̾˿֮ǻȥɡ
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ֽԶȥˣΧڰ֮Сǲ÷ͣҹơֻа¹ҹУԣҹ紵􏪴˸¡
֮һͲˣɾ䣿ұ㡣ǰ
Ҳûܾſȥոһ磬е䣬ڲˡ֮ůģţɢ˶ҹĺ䡣
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ӣĨһϵˮǸʧ̬ˡǺ˾ƵԵʣҲô
ɾǸޣ㾡ޡ֮˵
˵մɳף˵״ΣȻ
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֮ҧ˵ΪΪΪةѾˡÿɾûȢŮ
ǰȢáԲȢһ涼ûŮˣ֮࣬˶֮ԸҵֻһˣǷκΡ
֮żҪըѿ뽫ϵ˱ݺݵԼ֮Ըɾȥĺǡɽ𺣣塣
գһۣ⻰ôô񰮵ԣ


44 
֮􏪻ص, ƿŽȥ˻ûУ˾͹شš
æӦһ, ʦɾû°ɣ
ſ֮, ڵŤŤ, ֣֮û¡
ԼүȲ, һ¡􏪵óǱߣӰ, Щ˼شкɵһû˯
ͷ, û˵תˡ
֮Ƴķһֱۣӽ, ˷Լİϣȥɾˮϴ衣
һڴ, Ĳ˿Ϸ˸֮, Ҫûҿô죿
֮⻰ͻȻ߹˫ֳ࣬ͷĿԣɾû, һԶߡ
֮ȵϢ􏪵, 􏪺Ȼое仯, , ʶŤȥ, 㿪֮Ϣʵ̫ˣ̧ȥţ֮ܲͻȻʶһ⣬֮òϲɣ
֮􏪣ͻȻ̾һǿס˱ĳ嶯̧ḧ˸Դ˵ȥɾϴˮȻֱæ뿪ˡ
􏪿ıӰеˣ֮ǰ˵ǸϷ𣿻ˣѲԼСİ˴ˣˣ̫ˡƴ˫Լȷ磬ȸнһЩ
֮ϴʱЩֱ۾
֮􏪵ɾ걳
æԼԼ˵ҲƵĵĴܽϴ䡣
֮Ȼʧؿ􏪵ıӰȭͷָģŵˡ
ϴѾˣ̨Ϸ֮ǾԼеĴδȬҽһȳһյعȥװѰ˵֮ϴˣȥϴɡ
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֮ʲôʱʼϲģԣϲӦòԼԭǸ̫􏪣ҲܹΪʲôһܵˡ
ҪҪԼѾϲǸˣġ
֮˵ʵ̫пᣬѾǧٰǻѾˣǸĴԸ⿴֮ѹ
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ڴӱƵģȥҲͷ
ڰУһͻȻɾ˯𣿡
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˵ͷһٶӣͷ֮ȥ
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􏪾㵣ûаĹﶼûУȢʲôޡ
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֮¶ɬЦݣ֮лɾ


45 ;
ദģʽ, ʵϲĲ֮ԼҲ൱þѾϰ֮޴ڣпĵµһ֮ʲô¶뵽֮, Ҫʲô֮æ
ô, ޱֻ֮
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йṩһͷ, ÿ컹йǮãΪʲôء
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಻, ˼ʮ, ع֪ɳѾ˦˲֪Զ
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ɾ뷨رӱҲǳʵãΪС֮΢ЦͷʾϿɡ
􏪿ĵЦҪŪּֽҡ
֮˵Ǿ޼ɣۼҪһⷿ
ԡԣ뵽һȥˣȷʵҪһֿ⡣˷ܵץ֮ĸ첲ҡΣȻԼҪ֮־ˡ
֮Ÿ첲ϵ֣ЦҲ񱱱ߵķһ޶ɣֽܳᵽ¥ȥ档
˵á
û뵽ĵطһּ֮صĻ죬Ĩʯҵǽϻˮ飬שذϸܻˮرʹࡣ
ҲΪҪӺӵԵʣϷʪĻʵǲʺϯض
ÿֽֽ͵֮߸󣬲ܸǽڽӴܻҪϴʯˮΪ֮ܳθֽŻͰͣӰƷʡ
􏪺ָпǮû׬ӱˮһʳȥˡʲôʱʵֲɰ
֮һ´ʣɣ
εԴұĴʣҲȱǮ
֮ĺԣɾĪһʵֲɡ
􏪺ٺɵǿ̫Ҹˡ˿û֮ʲôԡ
ؼ·֮ߵرҪԶ߲ͺˣ¾ͻǰԼȫΡ
ٳ·ʱ˷ܻܵؼȥմõ֮Щεҡҡͷ
һԵΪгìͼͷ֮Ҫڳ֮ǰ̻ᴬԱĻ÷ƽʱĶȭǻԺϺǲܿ˫ȭȡʤģҪ
µף´깤Ҫˢͩͣ̾Զ֣Ѿں̲ɹˢͱõϴƽ˺ˮУϼеȥ˹ݸ
λֻһЩҺֽɡΪҪǲɹ
ƷѾ׼òֽ࣬šԼʳͲˡ
ɱ˼ͷ׼̳⡣ǽпƹ죬ըըŽե͵͵ȥû⡣ܷźܳʱ䶼ỵ
⣬ɡɱҪ׼˺ܶϲˣȥչģյĵط塣
ԱںϿܾ¶ϰԲ߹ȱάصĽ׵ûѪҪ֤Ա彡ϲӪҲʺϱġ
񴺵ʳ۸ȥַһΪּģϱ˴ʳȥϵ۵Ĳ
ȥ˲ʳڻڼУһʳʱȱ
ȵͺˣΪϰĶĵأˮʹ󶹣ڶһոͻʵֿԸ㡣
ʳ􏪻˲ɣԤееɣҶԶãΪµĲ̫ˡʱɣΪһ׮£ҪñҶɣҶ
ʵݲȱɣǲжѣҪֳһƬɣԼ
·ݣղ˴Ĳֶ½ˣԼģ􏪽ַ˴Ըϵ˼ңʱֱչϼ롣ӺϼԼеСָϡ
ջǣūУмŮϵģǵľҪ􏪻ḻ֪θ
Щ˵ļ룬ҵܺҿչˡ
Ըϵ˲١ԴУɳĴǮ·ӾͶһʼֻлɣأͯҲлˣֻҪԸ⣬ȫСǮ
􏪻ԺҪƹ㵽ܱߵĴȥһõͶһ׬Ǯ
ʱ􏪻룬ԼǲеƶɲһҵһƬƶ¸
Ϊү㣬ѻĽ֮廹ʱɳ̽飬ͼҵ
ˣЩ˲ɡǻȥӹ˵д׼Ǯرߣүǳ
үֻðǵת􏪣􏪴ӦүǴʮ˰ɣҪƷɿ̤ʵϸɵģ͵ˣ˲ҪҪ˵ϵǮģΣҲܸߣпܻز
үӦʡá
􏪴ԼʮԱǾһִԼصʮһʮˣĴСʮҲǿãһЩҲδɡ
ûз磬ҪȻ˶ЩȽϺá
ҽ϶ֹҴ͵ǰѵԱˣ˶ǺˮųģˮԶãĺԱֻҪңһ
ÿһλĴԱǩԼز􏪱ļ⳥ԼеˣѡгģҲǩ˺ͬҲǷһʷǮ
˸ɻбģÿ¶ǮֻǱȹ͹һЩΪ˵˵ĻԣǿǮΪԼҲǮǷӡءȢӣûϣĿ꣬øʬҲûзֱ
ºĴˣ˰봬Ҷ˿񣬱ԤĻҪࡣ
ͣȥּģ۱ǣҶ˿ǮǼˣûʲô򡣡
̾ϢĻû⣿
ܺҰҶ߹ɽ⼢ġҪ⣬õһʳ˵
üš˴֣֪Ҫˣ
Ⱥ˵ǿɼǺˣɾǵûɾǣʱͶһѰ׹ˡ
Ⱥ˺ǺЦллɾơ
􏪲е⣬ֻǰڰ֣лңǸ˵컯ܾȵľЩô˶ⳡС
˵ɾǷ׼ˣڶ뱸վҪˡ
􏪴˸лعŶҲ׼òˣ
ǽֽšֽɡҡСʳˡˮȵȫϴ󴬣װҴ
һ峿дԱ˴̲еǻ̤˵һԶ̡


46 и
, ͣǰʱҼӰӵϻæûûҹ, ˶ۻ, ͣúϢһ¡
ʱǿⷿڿⷿѡַ, 􏪺֮һ, ɴ޵Ժȥ, Ϊⷿ, ߳ҲǱߣ􏪻㽫ɷҲȥ
ڵĴɷʹҤլǰ߶Ȼլе, һ, ڣԺϿεʱʮѰ, ˡ
֮ͬ􏪵ļƻҤ, ߵľȫ˰ɣԽԽ, ҪһԺӡ
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􏪿Ц뷨ͦ, ûѽ
Ҳ̫ࡣ֮, שʯԼ, ƬשʯҸߵ̻, Ҫ߽ĹǮֽұвȫӦϡ
􏪾ÿУͰ˵İɡȥݳٸע⡣
֮˵ֱȥկ
ãǣھԴũߺͳΪɡ
ձȥɽһˡ
Ҳȥþûȥˡ
ɾĽš
ҽŲ£Ѿˡ
Ǻðɡ
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􏪰ڰ֣û£ҵĽͺˣһҲۣ⼸µ˲ǰġߡһ룬􏪱תܣֱײ֮
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֮ʶؽ˱̧һۣǰɽ·֦ϣһֵĺںɫ棬Դ´Ӳ֪ʲô
֮˼˵ɾ£Ұ
һֻۻͷ͵һۣͷƤֹס飺䣬ùһ£߾С飬ɱ
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􏪲Ұǰͷˣ˵ʵʵ֮󣬵ߡļڣɽľµĶߣƫһ굽ͷʱ١
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֮㶼ˣ֪ԭµɤôֻܾԴһȥȥ֡
􏪵ɽлص˲˵ע⣬ڲɲĺĽҲŻӦ
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􏪹Цˣ˵©硣
סԼ죺ȥҼҳԷɣҰȥˣû
ûоܾáûȥҲȥկʲô仯ûС
ұֽ˵ȥĸ˵
ں溰㣬Сıˤ
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֪Ĭÿҷ񣬸ɲ裬ȻеĬﳴƣǮ֮ƽ֡
ǷĬĲǮгչܹկ˷óǮֻկ˿ջǲŻڴָı䣬Ŭزɲֲ衣
԰ԱߣһǤɹĲ磬꣬ɽȾͻһƬ֣ԺɽϷչ
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֮صĲ磬ֿЩæµĲɲˣͻȻ˵ɾܸıʽ
ŤͷЦ˵𣿡
֮۾ͷᡣ㣬֮棬ɾˡӦԶм㡣
􏪱ò˼ϣܹúý԰Ӫȥ
ҵСܵ죬􏪸մӲ԰Ѿܵկӿӭˣ􏪵֣ˣҼҰɣҰĸ˺óԵġ
􏪸կһ·оϴα仯󣬵ָоʲôѾˡ
˵ĺóԵģŴ׷һһι⣬ȷѾǾ޴Ľˡ
ҽͻؼңתȥˡ⺢Ӿʢûоʱ
ҵĸ׽õֵУע⵽⼸ǴξĬȥңԼ
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Ц˵лկǹңѾˡ̫ûկУҷҳԷʢȴֻ߶ˡ
Ĭ􏪵ļ磺ǸԸġҪǰң綼Ǳ߳ˣˡдܡ
Цǧô˵ҲʱġǸ鷳ˡ
ĬЦ˵Ƕˣ³Էɡ
ǴҶԷȷθůġ
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􏪺⣺կҪҷҼң
Ĭͷԣܸһֲʶһկӵһ峤ԺկӸϵԽԽ࣬ϣϤ˽ܴǵ˹ϸõ
۽磬ҲȻԸȥӴ磬ûйԥ˵ãҴӦˡ
֮ʮؿ􏪣ϴԽҪѺ͹ǼԵģξĬҪֶ͹ȥ˵ͬˣΪΣ
뿪կȥ֮ǰ􏪺ɽȪˮݵĲ裬˵ɽȪˮǱǺߵľˮݲҪˡ
ĳԱֻȪɽȪˮݲ裬Ȼеˡ϶ôԶԼȡˮݲ£ͬˮвͬζ
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˷ָҪЩСûǮΪδȥҲ֪۸񣬾ĬʾԸȴٷǮ
􏪴ȥũߺ͵ߣֻҪܷǮˡ
뿪ʱ֮ʹǼλõũߺ͵߰ɽ⣬ŵϡ
ʹеľĬ׼ʲôʱ;ȥǶ
Ĭ˵ʱûĸ˵գʱҴ˳һȥ
􏪵ͷǺãǾȻȥˡ
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ɾĵĬ
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Ϊ˲Ӻ˳͢ƣԹ˲֪ٴ˱ңÿζɱ⺺˹ʹ͢ɱǰѹ˷ʹ˫ʧأɥڴˡһиԴǱ˴˼䲻˽벻ɵġھĬֶѧϰǺ˵Ļʷ˵ѵõͷб֮
֮˼ǣϿǵĻ
􏪴˸ָԣǺĻΪݵĻܵսپغ񣬲֪ں˶ٲͬĻ壬γڵĺ뺺ĻֻнǱԼˣҲܺг˵ǰɣ
֮ͷƤЩ飬·һؼĵ㣺ɾ˼ǣҲӦǵĻںǣ
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􏪵ͷ⣬ôСû£ͺˡǸ¸ҵĺӣ϶ϰߵġ
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⻰Ťͷ֮ģ
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ȷԺԼܻȥ㲻ôˣĬĬӲȥᡣ
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􏪻յڿΣϴҵĽȡ
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ڸҲΣдҵʱ􏪱̲ס˯
УͻȻҽѽļҵޣôҼأ


47 
, ԺеĽ˳ȥҲ˳ȥֻԺſڵӰһ¨˵
ɴ۾˭ҵĺӣôû, Ҳû
߹ȥ, ŷֱ¨һ۵, ˱ԼָſˮɵЦ
޿ᳬһ꣬ϵ·ƽһͲͨ˼ҵĺӣ˭ҵĺӣ
ͷɾҸճ, ˵һͷˡûˡ
ò˵, Сϲ, ͸껭ϵƵģС˭Ҽſˣܿ˿, ûİ, Ķ, ôСĺӲԼ߹
ҲŴú, ǷǰݺתһȦûɵˣһڴɷĹ˺ͳɻĸ, ûֿʿ
˺ͺҲڼ, ϺĸϺ, ɣĲɣ, еֽ˺ƤȻûһ˷ֵǼˡ
Ҳܾɥʦѧһ书Ȼ˶û
ļ磺ģҲᵱ¡
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􏪻ͷѾƵ¨ˣ˵ȱؼ˵
Ҫȥ¨ȥˣСıˤ
ҿ飺ʦ֣ұö
û
һֱӤδ̫ãôСĺӣİΧţȻҲ֣ûôĺӡ
¨ͷ􏪣ɾҪô죿
ʵеСԼһûŪãŪСһˡ
ҶֵȤŨ􏪲Ԥȥסȥ֡
Ҳ죬Ȼеηʦֵϣֻջצӣ㬵ϣ۾ȴͰ͵ؿǸСޣ̫ˣôޡ
􏪶ڱ¨ǰſֵСޣϵµޣ㵽˭أôƯĺӣôӵҼſˡﵱ¶԰ˡ
С޿һ֣·ûȤζȭͷŤ􏪡ؽЦ˵ʲô
˵ɾ㱧ɣ˵Ҫˡ
Ҫ򣬸Ͻ˱ձ뱳¨Сһ˸¡
ֻԼűһʪȣҵιȻҽˣ챧ߡ
ǿסСһӵĳ嶯Լһ㣬æӹ˱ȥ湻ģһֱԺ꣬שذһˮա
Ȼһ߹Цһ߽УСȸǸޡ
æܵԺҨˮˮڽϣϴԼĽţҲʪһЩε˵С湻ģһμôݴ񣬱֪˭ģҸûꡣȥѡ
Сް򣺡ɾ޵Ҳʪˣô
𣺡ɣ㿴¨·𡣡
􏪻·һޣСһѣȻܻϲЦ֫档
􏪶ʱͷΪܶأǸСӣϽСһﱧ·ˣġ
·ʪˣɾ˵ġ˵
􏪽˱ݣ֮İϣñСһҵɾ·𣿡
ҡͷûС¨ʲôûС
šüͷôģѺӹ׻ϴѶ׼վڰ齱ߣͿСһڱﶯȥѽѽģȻúܺ档
̾ǲ֪డĶܹôڣԸ·ϴˣҸҼ·
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Ϥˣıʶ䵱ǿ鳤Ͼһ֡
􏪿ЦһȻϡ
ûϵطַʽ͵Լǿ˹Ŀ϶ƽǼһﾹûԼһ档
Сһֱסˣ첲˵ӡ􏪱㽫Ӿų˫֡
˳СһСֹǲ׵ĵңôǧģŶ󰡣Ư͵ˡǰӼһҲףкͰſˡҪҲڼңҰȥô죿
Сһ־ס􏪵ָͷһߺǺɵЦ¿ѡע⵽СһﳤСмˣ߸ǰ˸£һȥЩǡ
􏪽СһﱧߣȥԵȥ
û֣һֱ쳤˲ӳ򣬿􏪳˵ɾҪȥ
˵ȥСҵԵġҵдûУûоͼд
죺ܲܲдˣӱд
У½ձϣջ¹Ρɹʲôʱѧ㰢ĸߣ
⻰ȫ˾ҵʹ㣬ϽΣרдҵ
􏪱СҪţϽ»ƯϴѸˣ˵ϴɣҾڸڣõġ
ҡͷУոû֣һǻûء
Ҳһǻˡ
˭֪ء
ֻš
􏪱СһﵽլĳһȺ˿ǣòУɾĶСޣãġ
˵Ҽġ
⻰̲סЦǿЦ˵ĶôƯ޼Ҳȥɡ
ġȻôƾձһСޡǿ󣬳ˡְǿСһ촽ôҿ
˲˵ĻӦġ
Ӵչһ£ҿʮˣҼҴɶôʱʮҡ
Ҳ飺࣬˵Ҫǻ˵ˣһˡ
ҡͷû˵ҽ˼ӦǻûɡǸŪԵİɣʲôȽϺã
ǰСèʱţ̣Ϻţ̳ˣ֪û˭ţ̣ȥŪţС޺ȡ
˵ŪУôˣԶ̳Էˡ
Сޱſ􏪻ͻȻŤʼš
һϸ˵ǲҪˣϽ򡣡
˵ոѾˣ·ʪˡ
ԶЦ˵һμɾ˵׽
ⲻˣһô˵׽ˣֲСռ̡
Ǹϸ˵ǿǶˡ׷쿪ˣȥҨһȡ
ллֶ˵ӣ˵ܹ⣬Ū嵭ӪȰɣˣɣɱһ㣬õСȥǲ߸ˡ
ӽ飺ʱã㼦ɡ
УԼȥɡ􏪱źˡ
ܹʮˣҪһٶ˵ķʳǻҪϡ֯Ьϴ½ʱҲǺܽŵġ
􏪱źӣһصլ
􏪽С޷Ž¨ãϸĴҨιСһ
Сһֶֿһڽһڵغţ˷ֱܵı¨ءι˵㣬ἱеصű¨ʾ􏪿ι
̲סЦǸСԻ
һͼ˵ףСһƺûȥץľӡ
˵Ѿˣûˣһٸ㿴㣬ȥ
􏪽СһｻԼȥ
֮ʱ򣬿ӳЦʣôֿСʲôóԵˣ
˵ûСǸġ
ֻ֮ЦĲ˴ûٹķݣЦ˵Ǹ˭ģ
􏪽֮깦εľڶСޣ˵ǸСһġ
֮ޱȾȣ˭ҵС
􏪿Ц𣬾ҸϽʦҼġ֮ĵͽܣ˼һǿĹͷġ
֮ȻţĶģ
˰Ժſڣҵһġ˵
Ҳ˵ʦСʦܼġû˭ۼſڵģͱװһ¨Χûбˡ
֮􏪣􏪵˵ͷȷ
֮˵Ǵ˭ӷۼſڡǶļңͰѺӴˣ
˵ңѾȷϹˡ㿴ѡ
̧֮ͷһ侫ƽͯ£ʱ˫ۣ˭˭ģ
ҡͷûˡ
֮ǸСһ߽ϸ꣬˵ɾҪ𣿡
􏪿Ц˶ˣ͵Ķȥ
ָ֮ͷ˴СһġСһΪ֮Ҫ棬Сץָ֮ջ֣ûץ
􏪽ļһιСһСһ죬Եر𻶿졣
֮˳ԵıǵСһüͷ壬תۿŶϸĵĵ£ûһ̲ˮǰһǳ׼˵²ܾԲ޼ɵлҪһٲС
ιżͻȻԼ˵ȥǱŪףȥһǲƤɰס
æӦǣɾ
˵ҪףϽ˵ʦҸһȥϲǸˮͲˣΪˮ􏪲ͬȥˮߡ
˵ŵʦܣˮ
ǣɾ
֮ʣ㲻˵ӪôҪɰף
˵Сθ̫󣬲ײ԰ױȽϺá
ûڣ֮޷޵˵ԽȺ˰Ҳ̫˲ˣôֱܹ¾ߡɾҪԸ𣿡
􏪿Ȼô죿˶ˡָĨȥСһǵĵơ
֮ǸСһʣɾϲ
˵ôСĺ˭Ҳ᲻ɣ޹ġ̫Сˣ
֪֮СһԺ϶Ҫˣô¶¶ˣԼֵܵĺܲɾǴ㽫ԼֶǸһ
Գ˼͵֪ɣ˶ɡ
֮飺̫СˣǶûӣҪҸĸɡ
һ£Ȼͷ֮ڼȺѡһɣԼˣȽϷһЩ
ʱȫҶ֪ɾ˸СޡĺӶСһǳ棬СһＸõ˵ĳ谮Сǣֱǰ֣˭һ
СһҲǸֵģ˭֣һͿֱЦǸɡ
ù콭С޽ԺרչСޡ
콭˵ҪչСޣǳˬشӦŮҲǲһûŮýģ׼ܰСһðװ֡
ʱɫҲˣ􏪱㽫Сޱ콭콭ʣɾ𣿡
룬˵Сͽаƽɡ
콭ӦˣãһɾУὫƽչ˺õġ
˵ϴ裬û·ɴɣ㲼ϻ
ⲻҪҼдµľ·Ը콭˵
ƽСƽҪԹԵģŻ
ƽץסָҪͣ􏪳˻ֹιССԻʲô
Щᣬתˡ߳ţƽںѽѽؽ¡
콭Ͻ˳􏪣Ųл콭Ц˵ƽˣɾ
􏪰ڰ֣ˣ㡣ǻȥɡ
֮􏪱߱߻ͷ˵ɾǷ᲻
˵Ҳðɡ콭Ǹչ˺ӡ
쵽Ժſʱ֮ʣǸƼ֮Ƽƽ֮ƽ
ƽ֮ƽϣƽ󡣡վסˣͷҺ˰ƽڿޡ
֮ͷһۣ⺢ӴۼҾû޹Ϊޡ
ЦкӲ޵ģֻǲްˡƽǸЦĺӣЦáðƽڿޡ
֮˵ɾ˵ģҲġ
룬ҲݺģԺӣؼˡ
ҹԺȼ􏪴Ӽг׼ȥϿΣ콭Ůƶˣ˵ɾƽܵһֱޣ㡣
ԣϽ˵ȥ
콭еҬ͵ƣ콭ﱧſ޵˺ѷεİƽȥŰƽıŶ裬޼¡
􏪣Ц˵ɾ֮󣬰ƽͿʼڣҸϴ֮Ϳ޸ͣǲܾˣҪո
˵ɡƽް
ƽ􏪻УûƬ̣˿ҭҭ§􏪵Ĳӣ鶼􏪼ϡ
콭˵ɾƽأ㱧Ͳˡô岻ס
˵ȱŰɣ˯ٸ㡣
콭ֹ׻û˵ʲô
􏪱㱧ŰƽȥϿΡ֮źӲ㣬ȥ֣ƽһ뿪􏪻оͿʼޡ
û취ֻܱźϿΣô죬ôôճ


48 ̵
􏪸ҽεʱ, ƽſϣ˯ѧǿ棬ùֺġ
֮􏪱źϿ, һҪһֻ, ֪ǼһӹվϢһ¡
Σ􏪸Ͻ˯İƽ͵콭ȥ콭ｫý䣬􏪽ƽŵ, ոϱ, ƽŤ
æĶӣ˯ȷ˯ˣų, ȥϺ齲Ρ
ϺĿλû꣬콭ֱֱ޵İƽ, һǸ⣺Բס, ɾ, ƽ޵ôҲ岻סͷǺ, ¿޻ˣͱˡ
еЦãӹƽ鷳ˣɡƽޣԱޡ
Űƽı, ·, ԭ޵˺ѷεİƽֹס˿, ĵسҭš˫۽§Ĳ, ļ·һֲӰ
콭ﾪ˵ƽѾʼˣҪ
˵ǻȴŰɡ
콭ϸƬҹһ򡣻ҪҨˮŴͷڿҪιˮ
áڰѵԺҪԼˣ
Ҳ֪Сһô׼ԼԼҲͶʶ˰ѣҪ˵ȱ˶һĽ飬¾ֻιη
ΪƽҲͣҹý㱧ȥˡ
֮ʱѾ˯ˣƽı˯㡣֮􏪱ۣˣ
֮һʣɾҪ˯𣿡
􏪿ЦҪԣ
֮˵ˣôСĺӣҲ֪أ
ǾֻҴˡҸͰҹá
֮ȥˣ˸ľڴߣҹͲˣŰɡڿ
􏪿յ͵ƣЦһϣ湻˷ѵġ
֮¾ʱǮ۾գһ£Լһ͵ƶ˷ѣɾʱңҸơ
æ˵ǻŰɣһյ͵Ҳղ㽫͵ƷשذϣèСˮ
á֮͵ƷڵϣȷȫȫŻطȥ˯
ͷһشޣ޾飬ԼҲǸĴӣ˯ͣ˯ʱ򣬻ǵҪСһ򣬽˯źȫˡ
ֱоһʪȣ͵ؾѣŷְƽڴϻͼһʪ˰ϯԼ·Ҳʪˡ
ҵιСڣͷҵİɣҲûǷİ􏪸ϽԼ·ˣڵϣȥƽС˯̵ģðűݣƬϵ·Ҳʪ͸ˣᣬǲͶ̥ôСôô򰡣
Ѱƽ·֮ƿķţɾôˣһţ㿴ڴǰæ
􏪿֮ɥߣ֮С۸ңҵĴȫʪˣҵ·Ҳʪˡ
֮⻰̲סЦסˣɾ򣿡
􏪱죺˯ˡô죿Ҫϴ裬СҲݹˣҲϴϴ
֮굥ȳƵ壬һԵջͷһ£ƿ˵ȥɾˮϴ衣
ˮ𣿡Ŵҹˮ;ޱȷա
ӦеģˮҲ鷳ȵȾͺá֮߹ȥ􏪼ϣȹϣƽҲϣˡ
Ѿʼˣ􏪲ǺߣǰҹеģοƽСֿ㱧Űƽñӽ˹ϣⱻҲٸˣϴ
ƽôһݣ˿Ӱ죬˿􏪻ͻţ·ʲôö
֮ܿ㷵أˮˣҹˮˮˣ£øɾͰƽϴ
֮ΪƵ􏪱Űƽȥԡң֮ԡе˳ȥɾϴýҡҾ⡣
ҨˮԼͰƽϴһſԡͰǱŸϴ治ףοǸ˯˵Ӥֻȸƽϴɾ֮ߣԼϴ
֮ҵǼѾɵƽƽϣ􏪡
ϴ֮󣬷ǳεط֣ûϴѽԥƬ̣С˵֮㻹𣿡
֮˵ɾڡ
􏪸ɿһһ»ϴѣǴˡ
֮Ц˵ɾһ¡ȥƽԼϣҵɾ͹ȥ
εش·»ص䣬һǳҪ£ԼĴʪˣû˯ˡ
֮վ󣺡ɾ˯
ŤͷЦô˯ҵĴǳСʪˡ
ȻǸһ˯֮Ȼ˵
􏪶ʱȻ֮ͬ齶Ѿʲô£֮󣬾Եޱˡ
һҪôȥǸ˯ɡָ֮ԭǸ䡣
֮ؿһᣬ˵ɾǱߵĴҪɨ˯ҰƽҹҪ
􏪳Ƭ̣ӲͷƤ˵ҾӦܡ
֮ȻЦˣ¶􏪿ĶͻȻϽ̧֮Ħһ􏪵ķûɾ»᣿
죺ҿ϶ܼᶨԲ㣬ӣȷ𴲣ȻﲢûС
֮˵ǰƽԺҪɾ˯ұ˯һŴҹƽɾҲͲõҹ
˶ɵˣͰ͵˵ûûҪɡ
֮ƶصͷбҪǸƽҸܽܵĸ
􏪺ͷһ£Щŵ˵ȥԡ
֮յ􏪸ǰҲ죬϶ǲˣ˯ɣɾ
􏪺һ֪Ƕ㲻ˣ֮İ齣аƽм䣬ȥΡ
ΪԼε˯ţȻ̫࣬˯ñԤĻҪ졣Ϊϰ֮ζͺְĸ־Ҫ˳ӵöࡣ
֮ڼʧˣø첲ԴλƵĵƹ̰ġ􏪵沿סȥȷⲻεĳ嶯
ֱԼٴͬ齶ߣ⻹öСӡȻеջԽֲεҲòϣŰԼæµķϣСӺһ㡣
ǱѵģڿŪʪģʶȥԼһСٿۣ㿴һСһڿԼ
һʱԼոս̵һְʱɫѾˣ֮ڷڣֻͰƽƽСˣûУҸ򡣡
Űƽȥ򣬽˰ڣҲһ㣬ԣͱ˰ѹˣǸˣֻ֮
ЦԼָ˯ˣ֮ȻСҪˡ
ƽڰϣԼȥϴϴ˳ƽһȴְƽ֪ʲôʱ˰齣􏪣˷ܵس£˵˭ҲС˹ԡ
􏪸Ͻȥ˱СڣôģûˤŰɣȻ齲ߣҲһ߰ĸ߶ȣ󲻳ôġ
˱ϣָϴ֣ڴʵţˡתȥӣճţʶػͷ㿴ղŻ泯СһŬطȻϥֲãɿŲ齱ߣֱСʹ¹
􏪿ĿɿڴӦɲһǿϽתȥӣͰˤţδƽһƨն˵ϣ􏪵׻һ
ƽû°ɣ􏪶ųļˣϽ˱
ƽƨûУݣ·֪Լղžʲôաס􏪵ĲӣϼУе􏪸ոϴɾմ˿ˮ
ֺЦΣ⵨湻ʵģ˭ô´İһĲȣͻˤĽų죬ĵͷ˱ҿޡ
ƽָ֣棬Ȼȥ棬􏪱ûӣתš
˼ʲôۻƽڱ¨Ȼ󽫱¨ʡˣϾʱ䱧һʮصĴСӣ治Ǽʡ
˱¨ܽųֻɶס
ڳʳǹľ֪ƽʪĴ̲סЦ
˵ɾԼڳأҹ϶ѲǵŮ˴ܴء
Ȼͬ۵㣬ҲԼչ˲ðƽ˵ûջ˰ɡ
˵ҪҰɣ
Ц˵Ǹãֻ࣬Ҫչ˰ƽ̫ࡣ
£ҴǰӣҪµҪ£Ӧù
룺ǰҴţԿܴܲˡ
˵Ҫӣ͵ôţϣҪϤˣҿ϶岻ס
˵ھͽ㣿ҪɣæҿԴϿΣɻ
æ˵ǵ
ƽҪС􏪱С˰࣬һ㣬ιƽ
СһԳԵ߲ܣʳܴ󣬽һ㣬֪öټҳĽ
Ͽεʱ􏪱㽫ƽϿΣƽı¨۽ƽǸ͵ĳԻ˳Եıר־޲ֻ֣ż˻ᷢѽ֮ƽϲС
ûȫϿ􏪵ĵУ˳
˿ΣǱ㶼ΧŰƽСС֣ϲòУеĽԼİ߶͸ֱǼǧ谮һ
ƽԸҲãЦӴ󣬰˭У˭涼ԡ􏪾ãӶգӦܴ˰ƽ
ӹӰƽͬƽ˯
֮ʸӣ⣬˵ŴϱˣϲʱЩڵ٩Ҵɶ죬ôҪˡ
Цտлɾػ
֮˵ͬɾһ£˲ϣϱأҪչˣ¶࣬ǲ鷳տƽˣѰˡ
Щ⣬ǵͷллλɾҾȻȥˣвϴˣԵö࣬˫һæ˫ҴɵϱǼΨһûµˣʵҲǼڰ¡
ƽڵúˣ˯һʱѣ˯˻µġѹԭһ˯İƽˡ
Ͻ°齣ľ춼û͹ųˣһƽĻЦ
һ֮쾮еʯϣһȽһϣƽſϣ֮»ζţһ߻ζһߴЦȻʮϲ
􏪴δ֮ôȰһ棬ԭҲ躢ӡϺЦ߹ȥ֮Ա
֮ˣͣɾˣ
˯˶ã􏪴˸ǷһܵӰӰˣѾʱ˰ɣ
˯㣬û㡣֮ǣСһ˫֣ŵϡ
ƽ􏪣еˣȻѾϳˡ
ſ˫ۣ˱ƽԣһ˼ɣ
ƽãСʹ䣬Ȼܸ˭磬ϲ􏪡
֮ȻС˵Խɾмò㵱˰ɣ
ЦˣôûҸ񡣡
֮ûм⣬ǻһ
ŶӦǴƽġ¡
֮˵ȥˣϱˣӦҪտѡˡ
˵ûʱ䡣ѡ˭أ
֮˵СɡǰհæտƽԼƽ򡣡
ͷ֮˵
֮򶨣􏪣ɾû˭ʣ
룺ûСʱɡЩˣ̫󣬾ԼҲ׶Ҫ岻ã콭Ӻʡ
֮΢̣ɾС
˵Сɣ֮ǰо顣
ǰﺢСһˣѾŸһϿΡΪԸǣҪɻСܣӰСסԶˡСĶϲ㶼Ͽˡ
֮˵ɾԼ㲻ܱˣֻ¡
􏪿ŻİƽСһһаذԼ´治뽫ôɰĺǣȨȥ̾Ϣ˵⺢ҲͶԵҾͲŻסһˡ
ɾס⺢ӣ¾е˶ɾɵ
􏪿˼û˵ҪΪӣ͸ǼеĺһĹ¶ݲṫ·ǲܴˣҲܴˣǰ·һĸɡ
ȻĺһҲֲɡ֮˵
Ҳҵľ·һ¡˵ľ鲼¸ΪʺϸӴ
ƽ􏪼ڶຢ֮һΨһͬǣǸ􏪺֮һ˯ġ
պ峿􏪻ûѣ⺰ɾɾץ˼


49 
͵ؾ, 㿴ŬҧԼֽѾİƽʱеĻҶɢЦƽ, ڸʲôأѾó𣿡ƽֽŷֿ
ƽɵ֣¶۵, ſѣĶˡ􏪱Сһ, ̲סһڣƽԣûҡ
ʱű£֮ɾ𣿡
£˵ˡô£͵ʲôҪ͹𣿡ʲô, ͵Ǵˣ֪ɳ˱׺
֮Ž, ڴֱԼͷ㽫һ, ù, ͷ
ΪԼŨܵͷգһķ֮, ӵһͷǶô尾£ֱǶ˸¯ͷ, ϴͷͷʱһѼ׻ûҳ嶯
Ψһİο, ž󲻱صͺ
˵㻹û˵, ʲô
֮˵Ժ, һɾȥ֪ˡ
͵ʲôʡ
֮ޱ˵ûü͵, ȴһ١
ЦԷǣô֪мˣ
ģһͲʲôöȴһ˵
Цɲ硣
֮􏪵ͷɱӣͷһľסɾԼȥɡ
˵ǰƽأ
֮ͷһСһԼڴģҪ´֮ȥһֽȥ
˵̫ðɣ֮Ѿųȥˡֻøϣ߳ȥ㿴ԺվǱˣһףǹʱƽ
ƽһ􏪣ͨһȥ
ͬ£ҲϽ
􏪼ƽôˣ֮˵ô򣡡
ƽϥ˼˵Ϣŭҵ⡣ϴδֱӾܾǣǾСС͵´Ӿܾų²ߡǵ£Ҫ𷣾ͷҰɡ
֮İƽƽԵú˷ܣѽѽس쳤ֱۣƺҪ
ƽƽ̧ͷһۣСӽã˿Ȼܵõõչˡ
Ƴƽ֮˵֮ȻӺӵѾˣͰѺӻǣϽ߰ɡ
ƽŵøϽͷϢŭС˴ˣС˾ͲٳС˼͵ǵʹɣԵϵ֪֮ƴСˣгһմټתҲ
˵ͻȻͷݺݳǰľײȥһĸľ
һʲôԼѰɡ
һֱվǼߵļ죬һ㽫ƽ߷ڵء
֮ͷغһˣŪԺӣŻСǰɣ
ƽϽڵϣɪɪ󡢴ӣṫүС֪ˣǲŪҵط˶ϡ
􏪷˸ۣˣҪҪģǸү˭ȥˣС𣿡
ƽͷ絷⣺Сǲ鷳ҲΪ˱С˵İȫ
ЦⲻǷϻǰ͵ѾǸ鷳ˡԼҲϦûа취֤С˵İȫҪȫӦôȥһûʶɽֹӣǰ͵ա
ƽſڵϣС˲ΥϵϽС͵⡣ӿķϣСˡ
ʣʱȥ֣
ƽ˵³˶ʱѾִﳤֵĶǡ
ֻ͹ģʡ
һĸͻ֢ϰˡƽ˵ҶСӰȻ
кδ㣿
ƽſڵϣڵϵİ˫ǽͻС˵ĶȷС뿪
􏪲Ӱʵ뿪ȥߣ
ƽͷ˵С˵ȻСѾõĹޣǱҸط˶ϣй¶С˵䡣
еܲԽҲ˵ˣǾҲûá㲻й¶䣬ҲǾ԰ȫģﱾͲʲôȫĵطǼȻѡ͸ýʵ
Сסƽ˵
ʣǣ˭֪ǵݣ֪ԽЩͶӣľݿɿˡ
Ȼƽ˵֪ϵİ
֮˵ô˵ǵӦò
ƽͷҸṫүƥС
ʣ𣿡
ƽ˵ʶü֡
􏪲ͷ˵ĥĥ˵ʵЩ飿
ƽֻ顣
Ҳ
Ǹ˵Ҷ顣
мǸԥ˵ûꡣ
˵ˣ֪ˡǲ˶԰ɣȱ֣Ǿɡ
֮üɾ䲻ͬЩ˵ȫƾԼ˵ǲ˭Ҳ֪
°ƽǼٵģϾֻǸ޺Ӥ⼸˾ͲһˣֲĿĲͱ˵¡ο»мùܣһ̫ӵˣץµİѱǻл·
֪֮Ĺǣһ˭ⰲߵߣǾʱءǣ⼸ߣЩ͵͵ռ鱨ԼƤӵ¡
Ͼֻһ̣֮֮Ҳ۹·˷ɣסеİԼҲûн֣ȫţһţС
ƽŵ̧ͷ􏪣Ȼؿȥл
˵ɡԺͲýҴˣһҽɾСԭʲôҲģڽаƽǶǺˣܶرŴбĺһͨûκȨԭҲãһɡ
ƽ־ϲͷ˵ɾ
еϴҪͽ󣿡̲ס׽Ū˼
ƽҿ飬ͷ˵лɾ
ЦɨһȦһ軨ڲ۵۷䣬˵ɣɽķ塣øԭ෴
ƽóϷصллɾ
ʣأʲô
Ǹ˵ɾС򣬷֮ڰбʮʮ
􏪵ͷʮֺģֲ̫ʡͽɣеԺ̫¡
ʮ⻰ûһᣬߵллɾ
أǸûġ
ʣǸ˵ɾСչأеھţйؾš
˵ؾҲáйɽɣ򵥺üǡ
ؾߵл˵ҼûгзģָָСӰƽǸ˶øɻҲнţ񻹺б¡Դӽ쿪ʼȥҵӣɽ֮ȥͷ̴ϰ䡣
􏪽ƽ˵ˣ鴦ˣǸøȥ
е£Ȼû׼ԼĶλ
֮˵ϴʰһԼżȥ
˳ȥǰ彫İصݸ􏪡
֪ǰƽĶ˹ϵĳӦвٽŲԽôԼĶһĲء
Ǽ˶ˣ􏪿֮ûߣʣôûȥ
֮ЦԼĵ£ԽԽϲôôأԽԽˣǽɽһȥʲô
̲סЦܵø˽һ°ɣҲøһкȻһˣ˭
֮һȻǷȭͷ
˵ǶΪǱǴû֣
֮˵Ȼû֡أǸһ֣ʣǰɣʣ˵ʵС
СΪ֮ЦСѾס
􏪱޾ùֳģߵʯʱ£İʯϡ
֮ͻȻ̾˿ɾİߣҪ˵͸öɱ˲Ÿɾ
бʵһɴɱһǧ©һ
֮ƿԣã̾Ϣɾ̫ˣʱ򶼲֪⵽Ǻ»ǻ¡
ЦЦ̫ˣҲ׶ϵؾһ˵
֮˵ʱΪ棬ǲòһЩ¡
􏪵ͷ֪ͺñЩսǷǴ򲻿ɵģЩǷɱɵġݽ棬˾ȨʱסģȨǺܺõĶܳΪ˽Ĺߡ
֮􏪣ʱɫѴϼӳգ͵ĹϣЩʥ֮ˡ
ûӦŤͷȥ֮Сײһ˫Щεشѽ˸ƽˡ
֮ع˵ӦûʱѾѹˡ
ֲ˲ǸһЩСһЩƵİ׵ĽƽЩ·ʱˣܴɡЩǮһ£ʲôʱȱǮˣȽӦ
֪֮ϲ׬ǮǴӲϧûʱûգۣԶѽ̫ˡ
֮ʳԼĵ£ɾǼĿģߵ׻̫󡣡
˵ƾǵı£ҪʲôǷסġԲǰ£ԼƤӵ£ȫ
֮ͷԺɾͲԼϿˡ
ЦҡͷҲǣһԸϿεģܵҵ룬ΧôຢӣûϿΣɴʽѧãΧĺѧ
֮־ˣΧӵĶϿΣ
􏪵ͷڳۣںɽˤˡСû¸ɣ˹Ͳ֪أûΣʶҪúý̵
һĺѾܰиɻѧʧ˲ͺ֮˵
˵ѰѧԸҲǿ󡣶ʶֵʶҪģֻ˳ͷԺŻԶ
֮·صԶȫҲвƶƫԶûռأοӶû
􏪿ŰЩȻ˵ǮˣɴٸǸѧðɡ
֮􏪣εͷɾǲۡ
Цʲô۵ģҪеܶĿģ̫ùҹ
ȥŰɡ֮˵ȿⷿãʦǽŸѧá
˵ȸһ£ѡõطѧòǵ˽ǴҵĲƲ
֮˵ϣҶɾĿġ
􏪶˵ϿΰɣϤһ»̣оڿݡ
Ƿ֣յĿϣˣǶŰںʦΡɽҲˣΪ糿ͽˣ֪Ҫʲôֻøϴܡ
􏪿Ҳû˵ʲôҲգҪѧãĸʦ϶ҲȻԽԽáѧþˣҲûʱ;ܡ
˲û˽ӣǶʿŵļѧͨûġСͱͳһϰ䵱ȻڴУǶΪӵܷġ
˼􏪵Ŀʱʮ⣬ҲûҶʣϾ􏪱ΪˣѪǶǲΣοҲԼˡӰ£˾Ͳùʡ
Σϰƽйˣкθ룿ֻϺϷӸѧຢѧϰȷûжĿãһѧѧýֿԼóʲôͽʲôɡ
ɽԥһ£ǿˣɾҲҪ𣿡
תͷ̰ԺѧãѧͶˣҪֺü࣬ǼҲæҲæ˳Ҳ¿߶ѧԺΣ㻹ԴΡ
Цͬؿͬ飬ɽû˵
˵ӵĿֻϰգʱû뵽ʲôǿԼ仹ϿΣϵġԺϣԺѧðˣͻἯеѧȥ
ͷʼû顣
˵Ҳ֣ΪʲôҪǶʶ֣ϾôƫԶĵطƺҲòϡѧϰ֪ʶΪгһϣͱ飬ձ𾴵ĽҾֻܴȥࡣЩӽˣ˳ǣһҶ飬ΪʶΪѧϰҲܹıǽˡ
˫ȭɾ塣
˸􏪹ĦգʽϸڣҹøڿΣλ½״ٳ
ҲЩӴ࣬״١
ɽƽûʲô񣬽Ӵ٣ԴǣýͰ͵ġףԭҲôõġ
һον֮˷Լὲˣܵ
ȥοǣ˭Ҳ˵ͨѧϰͶģǽÿݲûдǰˣǶҪö࣬ڵĹؼҪ֪Ķǡ
􏪵İο£⼸ӲͷƤֽ˼οΣδնĥƤҲ˵ˡ
􏪡֮ϺڴҹϱųϿˡ


50 
Ǯð¡ԽطӵĸѲ, нǧӡ􏪴֧ȡʮѡ˿ˮأһѧá
ש߷, ңһ̹ᣬոµΡ
􏪻ǮѧñԼҸǷӴ󷽶, ʲôõģ̲֮ס٩ԼǮۡ
ҲֹסЦǵû, ٿ಻ܿຢӡ˵ڸƽ, ȥԺ㹩ЩЧã
֪֮ôôֵֹĻֲò˵, Ӿδϣ, Ҫӡ
ȻͲ󣬵˼Ϊͨ͸, ֻϧİδضģ֪ʱжͺѧ
ѧУ֮ǰⷿͳҲǺˡ􏪰Ŵɷ˹ȥǱ¸Ҥ
ݲͬ;, һոһĴִɣһձ̣һרջƿƺȸΪɵ
Щ􏪻ͼǸҪȥ, ô, ô, ȥ軨ơ, Ѿģˡ
ԺĴҤƵ, ˲١ԭɷļҲɨˢʯǽϷ֯
ĲѾˣȻڳɣҶȱ󣬵ҰɹܣȥɣҶƷȻ˳ذˡ
ջ˶ѻɽѩײϼ룬˲Ϸ֯ұӳ˿ˡ
ūмǲ̴ô˿֯еӹＸˣ˿֯󣬻ϸҪֺܶࡣ
􏪴ϧǮǮʱŮֻҪɵĻֵǸǮԸԴҶϲҸɻ
˿Ϊʲôô󣬲Ϊ٣ҲΪ̫ʱ
ܳʱ䣬еŮ˶лɣҲζǮ׬ˡҶܸˣҲһǮңͷ֮Ҳÿǵɫ
հ􏪺֮ѧûһӳܣֵĲ١
ֵŮվͿֵŮ죬򲻶㡢ľ衢֮Ķӳ
ֵŮ˻Ȥɩ㿴绹᲻ãӵĶˤĶǰѹӡ衢롢͹޶˰
Ц˵ӰˤҲҲǮˡ
ֵŮǸƣɲǣҲǮˣٿǳ˵ɫˡƾʲôҶһǮϴ롢ϴ½չȫСǣ˾͸ǶȳֳɵġòʱҪǣֱû
Ů˸飺ԣôҶһǮңҲŮ˸߹ɾ˵ˣƽȣûиߵ͹֮֡
֮һֱŰƽÿŵֻײײ􏪣ɾŮ˶ˡ
̿ʲô죬˵Ů˱ܶ졣
֮Цҡͷɾ˵ԽԽű߼ˡ
֮߹ȥʣڸʲôأ
۷׷׵Ůע⵽Ⱥ􏪺̲֮ס͵ЦúÿȫŮƫδǵɾ
ǣϽһɾɾˡǸҽմ֯ҼҶԹû˵ֲͷ棬ȻҪǶˣȫԼ˵ˣҲҵظӡƣҼôء
ЦǺðɣҾأ
ѹ˵ڼأ
􏪱֮һۣĬ̧ŽݣˣˣЩȵشкɾɾ
􏪰ڰ֣ˣҾ˵仰˵˵ȥҵĴɩȥаæ
ȣûûУɾǡ
˵֪ƽʱҲ࣬ɵĶϢһ£пȷԡשҤɻ
û˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
Ҫ췴ֽ˵ˣɩҲûţ֯ɻҲ࣬ҪһôϸĲ˿֯ɲһ൱£Ҳ˸ɲ¡֯ҵõԼļֵгɾ͸УҪأΪеˡô࣬ҲΪǼҶǮֵӦ֧ĹǷڼҲ͸Ůģ˵ѵ͵㲻ȼòⲻǰƱ𣿡˵Ц
Ц˵ǣ㿴ɾ˵öеʱ䣬͸ҷֵһ¡㿴˼ɾɾӡԼ𣿡
ɱ˵ķڷԺ𣿡
Цˣ޼͸û»ӲԽԽáˣģǻȥˡ
ɾߣ
˳˷ţӭǵŮǷ׷׳ޣɾ˵̫ˣŮ˲Χ̨תġ
߳Ⱥֱû˵ĵط֮ЦɾҴı仯治СֻЩġ
Ťͷʲô
֮˵İɳĹǼ޵ȥܻᱻ۸
üΪҪ۸
֮˵ɾ̵Ůƽȣʵˣҵ˹ض࣬ɳĹ۸
􏪹ЦǾͲҪ޳ȥˣǼҲǻмʮһ°ɳĹﲻȢء
֮ûӻǼЩǩģ㲻Ҳ֪Ĺ᲻ȻǼҵūͺͨҲû
􏪵ЦݣЩпѰɳһûսûмиŮ֯˶ܶ飬ԼĲܡ
ģʽƹ㵽£Ƕôõ磬ֻǣģʽеȥ
˻صңϺڵǣʣϴ£
Ϻ齫һӵݸµ˱ո÷ǮˣɾĿ
˫ֽӹãллϴ磬ˡͷҽǮ֧㣬ȥҷַˡ
áϺӦ
˵ɡʯһ軹µģǼǸСѾͷݺõģԵȲ衣³˼û˰ɣ
˵ӣϺǲɣ¶οЦݣ⣬Ӧˡ
Ťͷ֮˵֮սֽ˳ǻɡ
Ϻ֣鷳żأҲáҽţǲ
֮˵ҿҲýӣδţѾˡ
ЦҲԣ˼Ƽÿζ첻ųڳſڵȿš
ôңûϢϺô˵ţЦȴ
˵ûϢ˵ظ飬ʺѧҽΪܸܻͬߵʹ࣬һرõĴ򡣡
ܰﵽɾͺáϺ˵
˵ңѧҽܰﵽˡ
Ϻһڲ裬ԥƬ̣ǿ˵ˣչٸ˴ˡв˼鶼δ룬ղԼȥ顣
􏪶һ£Ҫǿȥȷµ鱴ɹˡ
ϺЩھܲ𣿡
ףȥѾһˣӦԲˡ֪ɹΣҲڴءǻǵĸĶ𣿡
֮˵ҼǵõģձȥһЩ
􏪸֪̾ûб͵ɡ
ᶪһЩᶼûˡһֱ˿š֮˵
ٸһƬ飬˵˿ء􏪷ֹٸĿ൱ӦɹѣǱԼԹٸš
סڰϣ٣Ȱ룬˶Ļ֪ͨȥ
Ϊ϶˵ĺģ⺣µʲô˴顣Խǲͣ˵淴͸ߣ͵Ӧ١
􏪿ǹȳɹ󣬸ɴ๫£ݰ֪ٸѾ飬Ҳðºˡ
ӦͲΪȥ͵ˣȻ϶̰֮ȥ͵飬ʱֳضӴȣҲץˡ
һ磬ڳԳ˼ͻˣֱӴܵſڣٺ٣ֻɾʦ
˼ܸˣ˵ûԳɣԼȥʢ
ǣɾ˼˸ɵһȥˡ
Ϻһģôɵܵô𣿡
ЦݣúôԸûйϵ͵йأҿ˼С
˼ܿͶˣãҼż£ʦܸλãҺþûʦһԷˡ
ֻÿһ㣬ûһĶʦÿλǰŴʦ֡ŭԣʦ˺һף춼
􏪼ʦֵܴյһ˼üɫظ˵ݳǼţΧĺҲͣ¿ӣţ۸һĳͰˣֻĬĬصͷԷ
Ϻʳӣ˵˼飬ʳ޲ˣ
˼̧ͷٺЦӣϽͷǷ
Ϻ극ȥ˼鿴·ƣȲǲַˣԺҪˣӰɡ
Ϻͷ˶һۣ˵ķѾºͶˡ
˻˺ȥ鱴ҲȥˡֲһֱǼûø֪
ϺȽԽԽãԺҪˣˣǺʺϣҲܹ⿿һˣٴӼǰﺢѡֲС
˼Եú˷ܣǲһյİ뿴ֲûгɹ
Ҷû˵֮Щ·ôѪǸӰ
􏪿ããĴ󺣣ȫһﶼûУ˵ô֪Ķ
Ϻ˵Ϲһ´λãˮˮµĵξ֪ˡ
˼˵ϥǲУˮɡ
У㶼ûˮˣҲġϺûӦ
֮˵ǲ£ͬȥУڴϵš
֮Сһܿ˿ˮ¿һ£Լ˵ˡ
ʦͽ˵ͷȻֱӲͬĴϵˮУˮȥ
􏪿ˮӿˮ潥ƽȥһˮֿʼӿԴˮ棬ŴĨһ⸽ûУǲǱ͵ˡ
ɲǸϢɫ¡Ƭ̺֮ӲԶˮ棬һ˵һġ
􏪸Ͻȥһ㣬ӹ֮ڴϱߣ͵ö𣿡
֮˵ã߻мֻӡȥǱߵһֻ
ʦͽˮףȺӡܷȥ֮󻹸֮һҵĸѾˣ֪ʣµô
˵Ǿɣȥ򿪣Ρ
˻ߣе鱴óŽװкˮͰУؼС
ֲ֮Ǹõķڣ鱴ȻҲ
˵ֱ˿ˣֲȡɣĸŪˡ
˼龪ȵؿ􏪣ɾѵã
Ҳȷֻһԡֲ˵λǹ̶ģỹǸλãǻ֮ǰֲȡԡ˵
˵ɡ
ֲ룬ҪǼϺָȣΪϰ䡣
У􏪽һڶһӸõӻȻͳԡ
ͷ˿һ鱴̶ȻС⻮ӽȥһ£յģһ£ǿյġ
˶סżĶ􏪵Ƭ̣ŵʣôû𣿡
ҡͷû͵
¶ʧɫ˵˿û³ˣ
鱴ʳ룬ڱ¶ЦݣһܵˡŪȻһŻƶСӨ顣
˼˷ܵشУ̫ˣ飬ҿ
Ѿŵ􏪵鲻ʮԲе֣Ϊڴĥ˾ͲȫǹԲġ
飬͵Ϻǰϴ磬㿴鹻𣿡
Ϻָǿ飬ֿԼָͷȷû۵ˣˣû뵽취ܹɾľǰ˵žͨ£􏪰ȥ
æסϴ磬
Ϻݺ᣺ɾܵһݡӴԺݰҲΪˡ
˼游Ĩȥ᣺ô˵£ΪʲôҪްպһúñɾġ
Ϻͷãˣﲻɾ̫æԺͿˡ
Ц԰ô˵£Ϊʲôءǽſһſź죬˵رã
ֿ˵ڶ鱴ڶûУ˿˿ҲûУ􏪰ο˵ܶɹģ
һľϲֱӾͽͳˣűȵһҪСһ㣬쳣ԲȫﵽؼƷࡣһ飬ܹƷ಻ʮţҲ˵һ飬Ϻ齻´ࡣ
ؼĸûˣ􏪵ķԸ˳ֽһֲȥˣԼһĸ
һӣһжʮ߸ĸʮʣʮ߸ĸ˾ſ飬ĳϺ붼룬˵оˡ
􏪶֮˵֮㽫ĸ·ŵȥβ˻ˣֱͬǻ鱴
֮ͷá
ΧӣСһ飬״رãҲһ飬ĴСƷ࣬Ǹ޴ľϲ
ͻȻ뵽֮Ҫˣ


51 ӡˢ
˹˳ɹ, ȻҪ֪Ѧһ֮ŵһյȥѦȹĿѦȿ˹ǳ⣬ֿȻʲôֱ𣿡
֮Цã, 鰡Ҫ˵ֱ, ˴Сһ, ˹ֳ˴, ȻС
Ѧ˵ȻҲ, Լ档
֮òٴǿѦ, ⲻǼ, ֻ˹ֳ, 鱴ġ
Ҳԣ˭óȻĻ˹ġôܲգ˵˹ͼѦȽ£Ȼ̾ϧ, ϧԭСү, ԺǺˡ
֮һ˺γԣ
Ѧ˵Ҳ֪Ǹǻ͢ʥּһؾְ
֮ʣѦˣĵط꣬ѦӦûôá
δꡣ
֣֮Ǳ㹧Ѧ˸ͨ˵, گҪؾְĹԱͨƽǨϵ, ƫԶ, ȥְǸ
߲Ҳ֪, ʱδʲô¡Ѧź룬һܣݣңŹһһհգٻطû뵽ǰΡ
֮˵ӦȥѦ˽йѦ˾ҵҵΪΪ񣬳͢ҪѦˡ
Ѧϲϲɫоƻްʱθδ֪˵ʲô£ڳм̫ӡκһδʷض̫ţºСүβͶˡ
лѦ㡣˵Ѧ֮ͷһӰµſ˸ͷҪάֲȥˡ
Ѧ̾񰲹Ʈҡ⻼¾λֶΡСүร
֮һǷǷ
Ѧȹֳʥ塣
֮ʣѦ˺ʱ
Ѧ˵ǰ־
Ҳµʱˡ
ѦףǡСүȥ飬׼ѱ
֪
Ѧ˵˹һ£˵Ҳĺ£ٸȥұ㽫¸֪ҦҦ֪أԺǾֱͬ顣ǲԸ⣬͵Լ˽ɣԺٸٳһнĥ˵ĽҲ㡣
֮ͷлѦˣһȥͬɾ顣
ѦȶƬ̣˵СүдţԷȸСط̫ûˡ
֮⻰ʱѦ˵ЦˣɾԸһλ̣ҵԸػɾƽκ롣
ѦȺǺһЦֵǱףλԸԳ
֮뿪ʷѦĪڰʾ»ᶫɽ𣿻ڴ¶ɽ
֪з뷨̫ƵҪúû۾Ӫ
ֻѦϾҪΣɲһͷѦȻûֹ֧£ʵµ£촬ǿȴ£Ҵδ˰
Ҫ˸ܻѦȸ˵
֮ЩķҵػصУ˩ϣԺӡ
Ѿλڶƽƽèèץ
ƽʯʣ􏪺ˣ˿ȴҷ߹ȥ
ѧ·ǰſ֧·ʱˤһӣˤӰֲˣʼն֡
􏪱ˣ趯ֻǰצŪƽƽϲһдëĶèѼ󣬶ϲ˾Ҫ
һֻܸıè􏪺Сڣ˭Сڱүȥˣ˱˵ܳȥСڣʮ¶һżҡ
ҲҰޣһֱɢģԸعȻҲáȻܻһʱͻһοҺ􏪣ҲǻؼСڲڰɡ
ƽˣֲͣҹȥ
˵ȻҪˡƽ¸ˣ߹ġ
ƽèֿʯʣǽסջ󣬹СȣŸ첲􏪺˿첽߹
һַֻˣס˰ƽһڣƽ˸㡣
ƽȥ⻬ƤëҲ֪ۣ̽ȫֿԼץץȥץҲֻǿһצӡ
һֱźӣһ§è׼ʯʱȥ֮Ӻ߹˰ƽɡ
􏪿ʱϲЦտôѦô˵
֮Űƽʯ£􏪽˷ʯϣƽȥץ˻ĳβ档
֮аЦݣһʱЩʧƬ̺˵ѦҪˡ
Ƭ̣ŷӦ˼ǣҪ뿪ݣ
֮ͷǡ͢ʥּؾְӦ˳㽫ȥ𴦣ݻһ´ʷ
üͷе鷳
֮Ȼ΢΢ͷ͵ʲôɴ
һŤͷ㿴ķˡ
֮ڶ􏪵İȫǺܷģΪŰƽԼͼûǣ˱ٻһ˸ǡ
ǹ֣λɾá
􏪶裺ɣȲ衣
ɾ˵ѦҪˣ
šǰ־µʱˡ֮˵
˵һδʷп̫ӵˡ
Ҳһ֮һ˿ʵۻѣұжԵһ˿ΣͲt
˵϶ˡȥǳģǷ֣ԭݻ̫ܵ֡ӿ϶뽫ƿԼ˳㻹ܼңΪʲôԼ
֮˵ˣԺ¾ͼΪˡ
􏪵΢΢һЦعֵǣǸλΣˮڣа취ġ
֮ޱȵǵؿ􏪣Ҫʱ̫ˣһ˽ƺݴʷ⡣
ȴƵر˰ƽʼŪСӡ
˵̫׼һȥжǰҼ͵ֿ֣ʼɾӦиĶҪԥˡ
֮üҪҶǣֿˡλɶر⡣
ƣǻɣˣǲл·ԽԽá
̾ҪӣͲӦöİƽͻȻ˸£ʶսţȻƽѾȫڶСϡ
􏪼״ЦСԿأèҪˡ
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֮Ҳ̲סúЦƽɶ˭ô
􏪵Ȱƽ꣬㱧ߣƽ᲻ˣŻҪȥè֮㱧è˹
􏪻ͷʣأ
֮һóһӣˡ
˵Ѧ˵Ļ˹ô죿
֮˵Ѧ˵ǻԸͬٸֱӸҦ֪顣ǲͬٸ鳡йܿأٸٹ£Ҳɾ˼
˵ǱͬҦ֪غɡҲΪı˽Ϊ˰ǧĲˡ
ҸȥѦȣͬҦ֪ؼһġ֮˵
˵͸ѦȰɣлշôá
áԺұô죿֮ĵĻtضᰲ˶ǣ¾סˡ
˵ǾͰұͣˣܽ
áɾᶯԥ𣿡
붯ӦòᶯȥžģٿգûΪȡȥĺˮֶڳذľݽԽһԥӰ첻󣬴˿׳ǿȱݡǶԸ˺˵ԸȱٲݵʦӦ⡣
Ҫǲͻʲôǻؾ֮˵
Ψһһǻؾɣλݱˡ淢£ҲøԥʦµɣͷΪТ־ܣ
֮˵λݱһ£ɫΪȻ·˵һ˵Ĺ£вûǳޡ
˵˿೸⣬ﷴȽϰȫ
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ݸҲҪ´ʷû¡һ˵߻ʵԶֿսǱܿյġ֮ԶͬҦ֪ԼݵسУξ߶һ£ʱ˽´ʷĶ򡣡
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˵ǴˣһأûˣҲûи¸ôҲһʱ䡣
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˵ӣѧÿŰɡҵȥģȥӵ֪ͨһѧӿѧʱ䣬ԸͺѧģŮ䡣
á֮ڴӦ
˵Ҹѧ˸֣ƽѧӣΣ
ɾģǺ֮֡äĿ
􏪿Ц˵˵ʲô㶼úá
֮ɫҲȫǡԼȢ£Ͳúá
􏪿׷İƽ˵ƽѧ·ˣôû˵˵¸³͸ˡ
Щ˾˵ٰɣҼǵɾҲ٣һſڽˡ֮Ц
Լģһſ˵ô֪
ɾʱСȻû䡣֮Цúܿġ
ô֪㲻м˰ɡ˵
˵İ
εͷǺðɣȻҾͲ˵ˡ϶ư͡
􏪶Դʷ˵£ĵǲԼİΣ޴ˣɳѵһ˽կٸԸҴ󴬣һգܴĸǶл֮زز
ĵǻӰ쵽Լ׬ǮҪǻˣͲܿˡѵЩĵأв賡»Ҫ˰
ǶǽҪǵ£ڻµ°ɡƽѧӸܱ߼կ֪ͨʮͯѧŮ³һʽѧÿհΣȡκηãṩ鱾ֽš
ҹɨä࣬Ҳѣص㻹ƽѧӡ
ӷ֪ͨʼɳĺӴ඼ΪѧĺôԶ׼˼ͳΪʶȥѧҽ
ֻмҳ᲻úӵʹˡЩʵҲģϲ˿Σҹء
ξӦ֪Ϣ􏪼Ҹɹ˶ӱǿ֪ģӶʶˣпܱѡУ£ɱºǿˡ
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ҹҲְ࣬ѾϹεǸ߼࣬δϹεǳࡣ
􏪡Ϻ顢塢ɽԼ֮˵ηӣÿϢһ졣
ɽÿ༶Σ֮ҹõʷΡÿ˸࣬ѧһ綼пҪϡ
ҹ÷Ҳֳ飬˸һãʶ֡ʷ
ѧ̫࣬ÿ˶Ҫ̲ģ׼ҹõҲ鱾һþˣȫͲˣҪӡ
˸ޣдзǵ֮дˡǧġȻרſ̱ĵʦһľģ壬ˢīһӡװɲַѧ
û뵽취еĶˣ֮ſ̺õĵ棬ŵ˵ɾ취ô뵽ģ
ʶʱӡˢûأ˵ҿʯͷϵ֣ҲľͷϷŵ֣˵棬һӡһţظӡⲻֳҪö𣿡
Ϻ鼤ӯɾ̫˾ϲˣ취鱾Ͳһ¼ˣܶƱܵԱɾǶ֮
弸Ҳ˳羴ԭǶԴҽ􏪴֮ЩɣΪǶ˵ʯҡשֽմɡֽɡŪ
ǰδٴܹŪһͲˣôܶŪģ񿴵ӡˢˣţŽС
֮뵽һ£ӡˢɾպ⿿ܸ¡õʦ뿪ˣרΪǵɣѡӣʦѧ̣Ժӡʲô鶼ˡ
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􏪹Ц֮Ҳ⾭ˡ
̧̧֮üҵ⾭ɾӵ֮˵ӡˢպɾƹ׶ˣ̻˶ڻ¡
Цп֮֮ҡ
֮չ㣺ɾƹǲġ
ҪôŹ
֮ѹȻҪ
֪ʲôҡͷڲУʱ˺Ͷﲻ
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􏪺ֳ˻ˣϽɡ
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􏪿ŻİƽҪȥ˺֮дֵֽ˵дҴƽȥ
ԺУҪԶˡ֮
􏪽ƽƽԼߡ
һһСߵԺʯǶˣ߽һ
磬ȻǸϴͷæɾ
˵ɣҴƽ硣ףõʲô𣿡
ɫЩδȫڣԺѬӵİ㣬􏪿һԲζ
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􏪴ϲð룬ϴǵöûˡ


52 
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һ, ޱѩԭ, һжѱѩ, Ϥһȫɢֻʣ, ãȻĹ, ңҲЩϤӰ
ɾɾỽ
􏪻عһؿԼһֻСĦ, ͷһ, ǰƽץƽ֣ʪ, ֱһԼ, ˮ, ֪ʲôʱ档
ƽ̧첲§ס􏪵ĲӣľࡣȻСȴܹܵó˵
תһЦϵˮ㴵̫ˣһЩ¡
С̽˵Բ𣬹ɾ¡ɾԸ⣬Ҳͬҡһ¡
􏪰֣ЩС£Ϊ˵ѧ೤ʱˣ
˵ԼߣҲ֪˭ġ¾ʹһҲ˽̣ѧġ
􏪾̾ʦͨŰ
ɾޣСˡö䶼ˡ
ʣ㷽Ŵӿ֣
ҡͷޡ
˵㴵ʱĿʲôΪ֡
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ЦҾͲ׳ˣǴߣȨӼ¼
ҡͷҲδѧɣμ¼ɾɶ
֪ŴΪȱЧļ׷ʽʧ֪࣬׼¼˶ᰢְҪ˰֣ʹˡ
Ҳֻ򵥵Ĺ֮̽㶮𣿡􏪲䷢֪֮ʲôʱˣվĿؿǡ
֮ûлش˵ǲǸøƽԡˣ
ԣǸԡˡһߴӦ˵ҪпղоһɣⷽĲŻ˷ˡ
֮߹ﱧƽ
վɣȥ顣
֮᣺Ұˮ
;ҶһͷʪͷܽæɲסŲʦɾˮ
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Ҳ˵ʦûȥҿء
ʣѧˮ𣿡
ѧһ㡣ҽ컹һɾҵˮԾȰ취ܹˮиԺ󶼲ˮˡ˷ܵ㵸˵
԰ӿɽҲЦ˵
Ҳˮ֮˵εؿ􏪣оһЩֵֹļȰ취ˡ
ʯߣǼ˵Ц¶ĽɫĻ岻ȥպòٵһ֪ûܰסᣬҪȥúоһɣٱһЩӣôɾ
ϴƽӴһϷŰƽҺ׷ţƺ׽Ϸ
ƽ˷ܵùЦʵʲôǺܶ棬ÿġ
˵Ƕϴ˰ɣܵͷ󺹣һֵϴ
ͣˣˣɢ˰ɡ
ƽ􏪣㳯ſֱۣҪ􏪽ӹͷĨһѣЦûܣôҲͷ󺹡
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􏪴ʯһҶȣҡŽݡ֮ڵǰ顣
􏪴һֽۣͿ֮䣬ǳƯʺϳѧáע⵽޽ǵĺˮȰɣ
á̧֮ͷһۡ
􏪽ϵӵݸȷ磬ƻҡҷˡ
֮æֵס磬Ц˵ˣ
􏪱ͣȷ磬Ҳû磬ӴⴵķûһζüͷһᣬŰƽȥˡ
֮ŤͷʣɾҪȥĶ
˵档
֮˵Žϼ
֪
􏪳ȥһˣƽˣһ˿
֮ʣɾʲô㻹·
Ƿ·ģҪ֡
ûаֽֽ̫˿ּһ״񲼰ͷС
˿ɴûɫֺܱ͸Ժãڵϣܵ磬ֲӰҲĵƱ紵
̧֮ͷһЦллɾ
􏪿ЦݣãӸ֮ȷ磺㿴ͲзˡƱɴһٴķ綼Ӱ졣
֮жɾøȷˣԼ
ӻȶţдġҸӡ
֮ҹĳ顣
􏪿飬˼·Ʈӡˢȥˡ
ӡˢȻʵԸߣһ֣õķΧر㣬Ե˵Ǽʡĵ
ҪҪŪӡˢأϾԼķǸ˻ӡˢҲ̫ԲϕNˡ
ʱջбϕN𣿺ӶѾ֪ʷһˡ
ĻҲûϵ˰ɣϾӡˢƶزٵ
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ͻȻع֮Լôˣ
֮Щǣɾʲô
􏪡Ŷһӡˢ¡
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˵ʱûʲô⣬Ǿÿ鶼Ҫһװ棬Եʦ˵̫ࡣ
֮ЦˣҲֹдҪ̫ˣֻһΣԺ
􏪵׻ûѻӡˢ˵ӡˢŸոŪŪӡˢߵҪĤˡ
Ͼӵӡˢӡˢʷء
ʣҪ˵ʲô
֮Сĵʣɾ£
һ㶣ϣûС
ɾʱʲô
룬ȻǱˣ˴ǰе¡
֮еıʣ˫ץס􏪵֣ɾˣһգǻȥġ
¶ɬЦݣԶҲزȥ˰
֮۵òУԲɾֹ¡ɾĪҪģ֮㡣
􏪺ۿͷлл֮
֮ʱɿ֣˸⣺ʣѧӿѧ֮弸Ҫסѧȥ𣿡
˵ԭôģʵסҲкôͲǵҵİΣ
һ֮Ҳϣ⼸书Ҳ͸ף϶Ҫȼǿˡ
´ʷҪΣе˲ģڣҪ༸ֱϡ
֮˵Ǳ͹ɽȥɣߡϰ߶˼һ䲻̫ʡ
􏪷ǳ棺Ȼǵ˽˿ռ䡣
֮תȥʿʼ飺ɾҪס߾ˡ
ЦˣǾ͹ɽᵽѧȥסɣҲˡ
֮ȥֽܿ˻
ڶգ􏪱˵סᰲŵ⣬ɽڴӦû⣬Ұȥ
Щɣҡ
ʣ𣿡
˵ᣬǱҰɡ
æ˵ҰɡɾͰƽ
ЦѧǱЩǷ䲼ò߲Ǳ߷Ѿ׼ˣǿȥȱʲô˵á
ȻЩĲɣлɾ
뿪󣬹ɽʼʰԼĶʵҲû٣޷ǾЩϴѣپĽ
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˵ʮ㲻Ը᣿
ŤͷЩգûСʼԼĶ
˵˵Ҫ͸ɾҼǵõʱ㲢ˣҲһֱûɾ¡Ҫȥ˵ˣ
Ķ䶼ˣ߳ŭ˵ˡûǸ˼
һ򲻹̸ĹɽͻȻ˵Ҫ˵ĻǧҰûǹṫүء
̾Ϣʮ֪ĽɾҲĵﾴҲˣɾһˣѾܳңҵȿµġ˼һգúΪɾ£ܳ£ǱŹ֮ɾԻһʡⲻԼϯǿ
˵ͷ
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ĺӼɳѧӣ쳣ǴûôƯש߷ھȻлȥϿΣ붼˼
һûʽϿΣֻϤְࡢַ鱾ѧӼɣռȫǻѧͯһȰѧ£ͷѧ
ĿʹССĺӻȸԾɢѧؼңĪĳɾ͸С
һѧУôˣϣԺ󻹻еڶ֮ܳԭ֮ơ
Ҳ֪·ضԶ٣Ѿ·ˡ
􏪵һοʼ濼֮ǸԸ˵·̫ˣҲȫֵȥ
􏪸꼶ԭ̵Щӡ
ÿϿΣƽϣΪӵСҲҪϿΡ
СһһƵĿӣҲڿ􏪽Ρ
ƽѾӦˣܶʱܰţѧӵװģΣȻ
ʱҲסϾöͺӵԣѧ􏪵Ѳӣ·ҡҡλεӶ̿
ʱ􏪱ɽɽٵ˱ߣȥ档
ƽӦѧӵΪ˶֣࣬Ƕ谮һμ䣬Ĵ档
³ǰƽա
Ϊףƽգ􏪾³ССһ׼һٷʢ硣
Ϊ׼磬δɽԵ֮׼ɽȥԡ
δϴӳ忪ʼһ쫷ˡ
Ϊѧİȫѧӵڶ˼١
νǷ˳ĵڣûйι쫷硣
􏪻ڰңϣҲһ˳ܹշ
ⳡ쫷粢ֻǴ˳Ľ꣬ԭȵһɨգʱޱ
Ϊⳡ쫷磬ƽҲҪȼ
֮ûȥԣƽʱĺʶûˡ
􏪱㰲ɱһͷɱ˼Ѽһ׼һ
ڳæʱ򣬰ƽ㱻Сš
ӴֽɡŶңŽѾԺˮ档
ƽϲˮ棬ҲȥСȥꡣ
Сȥһé㷢ְƽѾܵԺȥˡ
ûɡûңСѾשذϲȵû켫ˣ׷Ÿɡ㡣
ƽʱ·ҡҡλεСӣܵ÷ɿ졣
СһżֱӳУƽ㲻ꡣ
Χ׷½أڽСӴסСʪѣϸɾѣ̫⣬Ť廹Ҫȥ档
ܿ͹ȥˣ˭Ҳûϡ
լ㰢ƽһ˶磬͹ɽҲˡ
􏪻մͳƽһץʽëʡ鱾̡ľССľߡ顢۽Ʒ廹һö¡
üĵһɰİƽСޣϯ룬ҿ۽ȥץŽ
ҶЦ˵ȻǸСԻܺã˵пڸһʳǡץһƽ
ƽķȻץǰһľߡ
ϲֲұ¶ſ􏪡
􏪱ƽЦ˵ץ˳ӣͦá˵ǰƽг߶ȣǸƽˡ
֪ʵ˼ԽΪ£ҲԴƶ淶ͣԢⶼǼõġ
ֵŰƽıǼ⣺ƽףǰƽƽƽҪ˵͸ˡ
ƽ􏪻˸Ƿʼ˯
􏪱˵Ҵƽȥ˯ǰѶ˰ɡ
˯􏪷ƽʱܱѵİƽ˯⺢ӵɫЩ죬̫
һѰƽĶͷ̵ˣʱЩңƽˡ
ƽǸʡĵĺӣСһԴݺ󣬴δһӦ÷ǳá
⻹һηȣ􏪸Ͻڰǰ֮˵֮ƽˡ
֮±ʻͷյ𣿡
̣ô죿􏪼Ҵȥƽ
֮Ҳˣһ°ƽĶͷĺ̡ôˣ
􏪽ŵ˵Ҳ֪ȥҽ𣿡
֮˿ɫ껹ţֻгĴ󳵡
˵ϳ£Űƽȥҽݡ
֮˵ãȥϳ


53 
֮ȥ׳
, ˺ܿ춼֪ƽˡ
Īˣһ˵ƽˣͼˣƽôˣﲻ
˵е㷢ȡҺ֮ȥ򡣡
Ҳȥ弱æ˵
߱δߵ͹ɽҲ˵Ҳȥ
Ȱ˵Ǳļ, СǺܳ, ô, ǾͱȥˡҺ֮ɡ
˶û˵
С֪ƽ˲, սսض˵ɾûסƽܵܣġ㷣Ұɡ
Ȼƽһ, ҲɾĺӣСóɾƽǲһġ
􏪶С˵ʲôⲻȫ, ǰƽԼƤ
˿С񼸺
Сܵŭɪһ²ӣͷ˵
˼ԼѸƽϣԼ϶ңһֽɡ֡
֮Ѿ׺ˣ􏪼϶ʪ, ̲ס˵ô£϶ʪˣϽȥ·
ް߰ɡ֮ںԼǲʪˡ
􏪲ϳࣺȥ·£ΪþͲ, ҪǴСĶ, չ˭
֮, ˵ʲô, תȥѣȻ֪Ҳʪ
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͹ɽҲȥˣһ˻ͣȷʵ̫˵㣬ɡ
֮·ݳǱȥ
沽У􏪺ϳҲԸ⣬̫ٶȡ
Ҳǰ㣬ɡǰ氢ƽꡣ
̫󣬼Ҳⱻʪƽʵʵģʪˡ
⣬Ǹһᳵˣ컹ܳš
·Ţ޴򻬡ٶȷǳ
ÿʱںƳæн˳١
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֮ͣȣ􏪱Űƽ³æ˵ɾҰɡ
􏪿һѾʪ͸ǰ˵ʪˣұŰɡ
ùɡǳţ֮Ͻַ˳
èߵ£İƽ˼飺ƽȣҶơ
ݣȽԼĶҺ͵ˮˣſڡ
ҽ٣ģһҽݾˡ
ҶѾˣҲûʣôµģ
􏪱㽫ϸ˵ˡ
Ҷƽ˵˷纮Сˣ
˵ոꡣ
Ҷź룺ץɢҩС̫󡣡˵ʿҩ
􏪳һۣơʲݺ̶ķɢ
ʵҲ򵥵ɢӣƽʱ˷纮ðȰнˮġ
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˼շץҩץҩ˵ʦ滹´꣬Ҫҩҵܷܵ°ɡ
Ҷףȥɡ
˼ͳϽȥҩˡ
ʱһλɾʪ˵·
٣Ǹ˼ϸĺӡ
ƽûѣ˯úܲȣСͨ졣
􏪱˼ӣʪ˸ڶͷ£̫ջ˺ӡ
ͷ׾ƣЩƾڼбãкӷȿɢȽ¡
ǳ²Բߣ􏪾ԼԶԶܵ
ʱ˼Űõҩˣɾƽõҩˡ
􏪽ƽιҩһ򲻿ֵİƽΪܣ۵ؿޣ۲ѡ
ƽҩҲ൱ϣϾ࣬Ȼ˸ʲݡ
֮嶼æ˼£ƭŽҩιȥ˲١
ιҩ􏪲Է
ʱɫѾС˺ܶ࣬Ǿץʱϻء
صʱѾȫˣյſڣ͹ɽӭôСƽû°ɣ
ǻڰѾöˣҩ˺ûôˡʱ̶ڹעƽ£ҵǴ˿̸Ѿ˲١
˶һ˵ɾʦûԷɣȥ
􏪽ƽͻشϸǺñӣСɾҿŰƽܵܰɡȥԷ
˵УҪûޡ
뿪͹ɽˣС˵ȥɣǿš
Сǣӣ˳ȥѾ챻λ۵ӵķŻˡ
􏪳ԷطСվϣЩ⣺ƽˣ
Сҡͷɾûðƽܵܣ̫ûˣҰɡ
˵˵ֻ⣬ֲǹġ˵ǰƽԼƤȥˮôܹ㡣
Ķ˳􏪹񣺡ɾ
􏪿ǣ׹תͷС˵СȻȥɣСӲģҪϡ
СĬĬת뿪
􏪶ض˵ƽѾûˣǶȥɣҪôʦڣǻ뱣𣿡
ȵ˵Բסǵһ£̫ˡ
С彿ҲҵԸƽԭһиôôｻ̾ϢŽݡ
æ˵ɾ԰ƽǶ
ۿȣҾҲǸѪˣҪе£ܵûڹ
ɽһۣûٸȥ
􏪽ݣſڴͷԼĶͷƽСţһ㷢ȣǱ֮ǰѾ̫ˡ
ڰƽ߲£ŰƽССһûԷ֪
֮ɾƽЩ𣿡
еգϣҪˡ治ס􏪸п
ɾˡ
û¾ͺá
ҹŰƽͻȻѣһƬڣƽʱϨĵƲ֪ôˣһߣûˣ֮ͰƽڣȥĶˣ
􏪸Ͻƿ´ľ죬˳ȥ
Ѿͣˣͷеƹ⣬ɱȥ˵
􏪴ӳŽȥ֮Űƽתתȥ̨
ʲô􏪾ȵ˵
֮ЦˣƽˣҪԶü
ôңѼֵ˵
û£ɾҲЦúܺ
߹ȥſ֮ϵİƽƽԱ𣿡
ͷȥƽģѾˡ
ƽ﷢ſֱۣҪ
˵ðɣ
֮ЦСûĵģ˭ҹʺģһɾͲҪˡ
Եӣƽ
ƽ􏪻§Ĳӣġ
ߵ̨ߣðʣˣ
һˡ֮˵
ҿǣļҨһ£ˡˡ
􏪼ֱȥ˹̵룬˵̣òһ¡
֮Ѿ˳û£Ҳ̡
Ҩһ㼦˳һ㣺е㵭С
֮˵طȥ԰ɣվˡ
áˡ
áӦš
􏪱Űƽڰϣι
֮żҨһף͵ƽߣƽſ¡
տʼԵе죬􏪻ûأ۰Ͱ͵سţ䶯
֮ЦץץˣǸСԻĶٶٲˣһûԣҹĻҪϡ
ҲЦ˵ǰƽѾѽθڳԶˡ
֮˵Сĥ˾֪ˡҹĻҺɾ׵ûôźɡ
˵ź򣬿ϧûź򰡡
ƽһڼͻȻһ
һ㶣̫ŵŤͷ֮ƽ˵ˣ
֮ҲޱȾ棺԰ڽеء
ƽſ죬ҪԵģûˣֽУڳݲôȷʵڽе
ζӳ£ɵӣҲҪɾ
ƽͷתù䣬ָ֮룺
Цˣι˵ǵǵɵӣͻеﰡ
֮˵Ҳû˭ʰô˵飬ѧˡ
􏪸п˵û׼ǰأûӽеû뵽ڽеĵһǵϧû
֮ƽƽԺܽеⲻǵɾ
ƽ죬ǽвɾѸѧĵҲˣָ໽Ҫԡ
ԼֶӣҲΪ􏪲ðƽԼеһãͻɱ֮
ƽ군ڳԱˣŹǷ􏪻һ
֮ʰö˴ŹǷ˵˯ɣĥ˾ĥ˰
Ҳ۵òУڵһ죬쫷磬ƽգһһο˵
ԺǺüǵúܣƽһοڽһʱ򣬽еĻǵϣлܽ¸
糿ְۣƽûһңǱ۾˯
һϽȥƽĶͷã¶ûٷգӦƣͣ˻ûѡ
ֻҪ˾УºϾĻﲡ
ƽѧ˽еȴûУԽӣö춼ûٿ˵Ŭѧϰ·
ѧĵڶǡèܽгˣ׷ȥСè
˵ˣ쳣˷ܣȥˣèèȥ
ں˿˾Ͷ㣬ɴܳȥˣʵǱ˷òˡ
ƽѧСèèֲˣʵڲںϰ˵
􏪴ŰƽϿΣý֮󣬺Ϲʦټ׷뿪á
նɾڻؼ𣿡
ţءƽƽǻؼ
ƽͻȻĳһ֣ɡ
һ㶣ڽԼ˵ʲôٽһ顣
ɣƽֽһ
Цˣɾڽءֻһ֡
ʮָпԱٽһ
ƽֽУɡ
شӦˣ
ȻеòѾ˷ˡ
ԭΪƽ˵ĴӦǷû뵽ԼǱ˳Էǰ棬û
ԴӰƽѧ˽Сɡ󣬾رϲ˵ʣΪֻҪڽУ˱ضӦһ
ҲǴ֮ѧ˸Ļ硰硱㡱ʻḻ
Ȥǽ̰ƽ˵ÿѧһ´ʣһ¾ӣرгɾ͸С
ѦȶѮǰ􏪸лշ֮Щ顢ֽɡһЩƾĴ
􏪻ϿΣ֮ⷢվ⡣һ֮ѧԼǷʲôˣ´ʷ͵ˣ
􏪸ǳĿ⣬Լߵſڡ
֮첽߹ɫأյ􏪶С˵¼ݱˣʮյ¡
ٿ۾ʲôʵ۾Ȼˣ
֮ظһ飺¼ݱˣtѾǻˡǾǿӱϢɾڰ
􏪶Իʵû̫ĸ飬һζŰľƿܻᷢԼĿǰְȵĴҲܲڡ
ֵ֢Ҳû˵ĲôͻȻ˵ûûˡʵͲ󣬲ʮ꣬δ̫Щ
֮üͲ̫ˡµۻһʥּ˵ǳӣҪ㼴ʷؾΪ龡Т
Į˵ûҪˣȻҪҽ̤ݰ벽һȻʵİɡ
ʱؾֻûǾɥȪ˰ɣtڲ߻ô˻Ὣĸֵһء
֮Ҳǳͬɾ˵öԣǻʵݴš
˵ȥʹ˵۳Ͷ٣ȥТֻݱݣТ꣬ΪȻ
֮˵ҪТ꣬ʱüɾɲТ꣬һӡ
֪Լ˵ǾһɡʥּˣТ֮ѾϣһҲûɶ
̧ͷĵƣⰲ죬Ҫˡ


54 
ʵۼݱϢ, ղκΰ֮飬ֻǶһ෹̸ʡ
ɥڼ䣬ٹ·ɥ, £ϲ졢֡
Щ, л޼ƻ, ٲûҪһ١
԰˵, ĸңԼ״̬ûٸơ
ɵǵ, ÷۱ۻǵ÷, ֻ˰Ѻͷ۳̶ѡ
˵, Ӷжģֻκ棬ûٸ顣
УʵԭҲûʲô֮֡οԭĸɱĸȫ, ֻʵѪ顣
, ֻǾ⣬Щ, Ͼʵ, ϻû˸ҶԼ
⻻˻ʵۣԼжҪεģ˭ԭ̫أԭ
ӻҪģ, ʳ, , ֡
˲ʳȣĶ
һʱأ􏪾㲻ʳҲܹ뵽Ҫ
Ҳ֮Тԭ겻Իȣôܵˡ
ʹ岻ãصݷãοʣʵ̽ʵ
֪ʱҲˣùɽϣϾТڼ乤Ҫ¡
ø˿ȾɫˮԼ˸裬ûŹƫݣԵɫƣݿ£һ󲡲ӡ
ʹʱɫݵȻʵλǰΪŷȻ
ʹ÷ʱʹԵǺʣõǲ࣬һˮඹ޻磬
湦޿ޡ
ѦȱҪղ뿪ݣòǰΪҪϻȥ䡣
͢ɵδʷʱδݴʷ֮λգ֪˻˭
˭ԽԽá
һߣ􏪵ָֻ˳̬λǽϡ
ТЩȫ޻̸֮ϴͷҪ겻ͷϴ裬ǲɱԼΪá
ܹĹҲǳʿҲģг͢ٺ»룬Ǳ˰׬ǮøТĺ
Ҫͨգ˵겻ɻ²ɻһСҪ磬һȥˡ
ТǮ˵רվͲ価Т
Тֻѭ˲ơʳ⡢ֵҪ󣬱ģһ߶ȥɡ
Ѧ뿪ݣһû˱ߵϢԴ
ȻҦҲӵ͢Ĺ棬ϾǵһҲûԼϢ
􏪺֮ãбҪȥһϢͨˣ̫ˡ
ʰµĵȻ֮ǲ뿪ġ
ʵҲܺʣǶ弸˲ȫΣϾԽˡ
˵ɣȥšϢΪͨԱԴϢԴȽϼʱ
֮˵üͷҲòϣԼû뿪µ£ֻΪʡ
֪ڵˣǷѾˣŴ૵˵
һ£Ѿ뿪ĸ£˳Ļʱ÷ˣϣܸϼ֮ǰء
֮˵ɾĪҪǣүڣǶܰȫ
ţҲǻƽ૵˵
֮󣬼еļɵڻ˲ٻΪ´γ׼
ȻݵҲֻǱЩֻëë꣬άҵ֧
˵һ£´ʷʲôʱ򵽣ˣұ͵ͣˡ
ţѾͬУξкˣһϢ֪ͨǡ
УξسУξһԱ뾭ŲܽϢȻǵһֵġ
˵Һò԰ѾˣԺû룬Ҳıʽ
֮˵ҵǾұͣ˲ٸկˡ㹻ͻһ
֮ǵģѧұ֮˵Ǹǻ
ģ˵ĵ⣬Ǿ뺺Ļ
Ų̹ɾԷˡ
ԴТ֮󣬱߳С
ʱԼʱС
һֱԺˣİƽԷϽ􏪻Уԡ
רŸ˰׷􏪿ŹѵĳϣʱûθڣʲͺôܳԼ⣬ԼǴԲݰ
ȷҪԣ􏪼һ˿ŵƽ
ƽһ£ͷⶥ֣⣩СһǸʳ
˵£úӲʳ֮ȥ˷ι
Դغ󣬸ƽιͳ֮¡
ƽǿһ􏪵Ĳˣòóԣˡ
Ѿ֮Ͱƽķ˶ˡ
֮ͰƽĲһģͽϺҲгϡ
Ƴһǵӣ˵ֻܻ伢ˡ
֮ίͰ͵ӣ˵ɾôȥҲǰ취
ͻȻ˵ĥţһӶԻ綼ܹҾͲҰһʱ䣡
ߵſڣ⻰æӦõģɾ
֮ݵӣЦʵ͵͵ԣ˭֪
˵Ȼû˼ල֪֪֪֪ҪԶŰɡһТǳ֮ӴԺǷˡ
֮谮ؿһŵ¹ȻһԾŶ֮ˡ
ܳԻ磬􏪱˶⡣ɸʳ۶϶±ӣѬӣըݣҶǧţ񣬻ë
Ҫ̫鷳Ūء
һٲ֮۽磬ôô໨ģ
Ҳ޲棬ԭ˶ĳԷ
􏪷˵İƽҲ¿ʼķͰ۵Ķ
􏪵ü˻ɣ
֮С飬̿ɾôԷɾôĥģ
ԡġ˷ĳԷԼŷûŪô໨ɫôƾձô໨ֻ˵Լġ
􏪽ô໨ɫҲڸի㲻ôѰˡ
ܳԶҲûζְ±ϡ
ݳôȣ±ˬڿθʳ
һȦ±˵ĳ˶ֻëź̫˵㡣
ֿʼʳĥɷۣ׷ۺƤ
ͼУǴģζǷȱЩ􏪱ޤ
ժޤʱ䷢һޤݷǳȻôӦҲԡ
̲֮סЦɾǱƼˣݶˡ
˵ζ㳢
֮ŽɣùĿӣһƤŵ
һζֱϮζ٣ȻܵǻǺͿ
ûؿӳһڣҾûðɣ˵㡣͸ôԣ񫣡
ƽ􏪵ȣҳԣҳԡ
􏪵ͷŶ𣿡
СԻҡͷ􏪱һСƤ͵ߡ
СԻһھ˽ȥȻ£ˮˮ
􏪹Ц˵㻹š
֮Ҩ׿ιƽˮư˹˺һڡ֮˸ã􏪵룺Ҫ
􏪿Цã
ƽȥץ󣬻ԡ
ֻ˵ٳһھͲ˰һҸЩƤ
֮ͰƽƤ􏪳Եýζζ̫񫣬ܺû㳢ԣȫԺĲ˾Ͳˡ
֮õһرʣӦôݣʢʲôڳԣʲôµԸ񣬻ʲôܹѵأ
˰ʮ壬􏪺֮һֱȴ´ʷûѵΪɥˣǸ;г⣿
ôǶͦˣζû˼ǡ
һֱ˾£´ʷû߻ʵԶǽңڡ
Űƽ˯Ȼ漤ش󺰣ɾɾˣˣ
ںеһ˵ʲôˣ
æӴȥƽ㶼˴£ԭղһȫȻߵİƽˡ
ۼֿץס˰ƽȥˤ°齵Σա
ƽ˯㣬ôһײһ±Ƶ˵Ʋޣۿ􏪣ûίͰ͵ؽУɾСһ˵ɾˡ
һǸ⣺ƽԲ𰡡˯ˣȥ󴬡
áƽͲ֪ʲô󴬣ֻǴ˸Ƿ
􏪱ŰƽţطɾҸ˸Ứ
ʣ𣿡
ҡͷûУǸҴһû͸Ͻˡ
􏪼æߣߣߣϽȥ
ƽָŲţɾ򡣡
ûƽ򣬱ϽǣСһȥ
Ǹϵߵʱ򣬺̲Ѿվˡ
ҴԶԶͣںϣûٿˣΪˮ̫װ˲ٻ
һû٣ԱСϰ
􏪼ȫеʯͷһЩллأϣԱҲһû١
ϵԽԽ࣬м˳ģ쳤˲ż˵Ĺ
һСȺзһ󻶺Ҷҵع
վڵһϰСϣһ۾Ϳ􏪺ĺӣ¶ɻ֮ɫӴͷһԾǰɾһˡ
􏪿˲٣ǲɵңӭؼңˣҶ𣿡
ͷˣһ١
􏪳һ̫ˣҾ֪ɵһѴҶˡ
֣ҲȥĶˣҲ˲ɾҪĶ
ЩҪƽͺãôҶϰ˷ܵ˵ӣҪˣϽдһȥɱͷʹԱǡ
ԸϽӦãȥ˵תܡ
ϵ½½үںһЩҲЩ۾ž⣬ó塣
􏪸ϽյǰүϿɻˣˡ
үˣЦƣˣûйɾС
ллүԸл
ٴԱ˺󣬶ϲ뿪̫ˣһ·ļݣüζΪҪˣ˳ذ˹ƽ˼ң˿̼ˣôܹ
һֱȺԼֳڣǿ˼ɽûŸ첲У֣֣
ɽļһСϡ
ǵĴʱ򣬼ɽȴӴȻ󱳳Ŵϼ˽һ˷ϣɽ˱
ϵЦżɽζ˫Ƚôˣ
˵ں쫷磬ҴΦ˱˴ˣ㱻ΦУʧȥ֪̱ˡ
􏪽ƽ첽ߵɽǰϵˣץ֣㣬Բܿˡ
⻰Ȧ˲ͺˡ
˵ģһҴΣβã뱲㡣
˳ллɾ
Ϊ£κ㲻еңٻţ􏪻лֲ
ֻ뵽Ҫڴ϶ȹ􏪱ЩܣҲŶʮ֮ͣѿ֪
صУǰδе֣Ƶġ
ƽ£ɾһӣ
˵ԣ˽ӵҼſڣֻˡаƽƽа
ŤͷŰƽСһſ􏪱ϣԲĴ۾Լӻͦ
ԴţӶ⺢Ӻӡ
кܶ໰ҪҲ֪żʣܻ˵ġ
լӣϳ壬ⲻȥеôˣ
􏪸˽ܣϾԺھӣᾭģͷһᣡ
ҲͿشкӡ󣬵Ϊɾг֮һ
үһߺȲ裬һ߽һ·ļš
һʼ˳Уǳ˳󣬱ִһռŵĵطڵزˮ߲ˣüС˲ʳӡ
ǶԭǵĽַռɱǺ˵Ϊظǵ࣬Ҳǻ֪Ҫʲôү˵
׹ռӦռˣҲԽϲռǵ൱ģǶĵӴˣ
ԣɾ˲ٻ˵
􏪿ϲռǵ
ռŲһ֮ź죬˲ûйͣ
ΪռŹ֮Ƿ̫ˣټȥʱͻǳӰǵĺٶȺͼƻ
ö磬£׼Ȼʱźߡ
ڶվͣĵط˵ʢϣô˿˲ϡ
뿪ǵִһи޸ɳۣǶƽ˾зǳ˳Ҫ
􏪹Ӧǵ뵺׺Ͽ˳޷
Ӹ޸ɳ󣬴һֱʨӹͣ˵ʢʯϣֽšֽɡȻ˲ٱʯϡ
ʨӹߣáģҪʳӣǻһЩû̫ͣã׼ʱһЩ
ٺ˺Щʱ䣬ִ˵Ĳ˹
˹ˣǲ⣬Ҳ⣬ǶԶ½
ԭսƵԣ½˿֮·Ͷˣԭȥ˹Ҫ䣬ϡ٣ǴȥĻＫܻӭ
ڲ˹ͣʱȥĲҶ˿񡢴󲿷ֶһˣ˲ٽ鱦ƤëҲ˴Ӻ磬оͰ޻
ҪǵŻҪȥûʣǴҪеĶڲ˹ꡣ
Ӳ˹أѾʢģҲ÷ĪΪ˰ȫǶʱ䶼źߵģ˳˲ҪҪӺ硣
س̵ʱ򣬴չһ쫷磬ǰêںУǴϻأҲ㱻ƷҵǴ󴬵Φ˻Ƕһ㡣
Դǳ쫷֮ǵù˾ͽˣһ·ǳ˳ػصݡ
ǽͣ޲ھϴȥ״ʲô
ļˣܣôϢһ£ȥҶǶȻ֪εĿԲ󣬵ҲҪŬһ¡


55 ջ
ү콫ǵó˵ʱ, ֮Żصҡ
ԭɫأһصӣү, Լ·ŵһߡ
Ե˵Ǹϲӣ¶ŵһȥ
һ֣Ūһټʢ
˰׼õĵȴ칦Ļƾ, еĴԱǵ, ͡
ûʹһԷҲˣ˴⣬ȾƣֻǴֲ赭
⣺ɾﲻʣ
˵Ҹǰ, ТУҺȾ, Բ, һ
˵Ϊֹû£, Ҳ˼죬ô࣬ǰûΪ, ˻Ҫ˸ֱд
һ㶣ɾڰ
˵лҲط, ˹һ
ļ, ֵİƽģ􏪺֮м䣬ץһȿеø⿪ġ
Ŷ԰ƽչ˵΢􏪺֮, ܸоֵֹ, ˵
, ԱǶԻȥϢʱûؼң֮ȥݳǿ
􏪰źϴȥҹ֮ŰƽѧȥϻпΡ
Ӻϴķޱˬ􏪵ĽŲ죺ھ͵ȥǴ˺öණο淢ˣٺ١
֮һ˷ܵӣԥҪҪԼϢ治ʱˮ
ʲôˣôôŻأ
֮Ƭ̣˵ˣɾԥûˡ
סˣô£tˣ
֮ͷԡѦдŸҦգ˵е㳤ͬɾɡ
ԭƽۼݱ֮tʥּʵطԥǺԶݵķ̫􏪶Ҫؾɥ
ֱӾܾˣǱص̫ӣûκ̣̫Уȥ˾Ǿ
ԥҲûؾΣգǶ˲ıϣ±ҵ⡣
壬˵µΪٿأҪµ۽Ȼ׻
Ȼ׻tΪصŹ֮tôܽ
Ѹ£ԥ˾ǶȵۼΪζµۼȲ鳯в֮ģҪж
˫ֲ£µ۲ԸˣԥԸǡ
µ˲֪ô˵ԥԥһǧױǣţ뺣ţ׶༪١
ŭ㼯ԥԮԥ壬򶼳ǽҵ
ԥϾ뾩չս˽սԥϾŵ֣Ѳ³
δµк֣±ڼ䣬͵͵磬һС͵Ϯݳǡ
ݳڣ֪ϢʦԮȴһС޶°ȥ
Ϊ˻޶ѣ˳֣һø֡
ˣֵĽŵݳ⡣
һսԥδ˳ǳأſڡ
µȲʤȯѸ£ΪɥΪТͼɱŹ֮ǣΪңʧΪ󰲹ˣȲҲТ֮ˣﵱ
Ҳʾαtϭģtıȵۣλ޶˿ɱԥΪʣ߱ɱܲТ֮ˣûʸ񵱻ʵۡҪеαۣӭǰ̫􏪻ع¡
ͷƤ飺ôˣ˭˭ˣⲻǿ
֮ɫأtԭͶɾ¼أĲҪֱԸˡҽմó֮󣬾ֱȥɽץʱ
ĵģtζԸң
֮˵ڻæӦӦһЩСֶԸɾҲƹ
􏪿֮Ҫң
ʡİ취Ǿ˭һ仰¡֮Ц
̾ԣ취ʡ£֪Ҷ벻ӣÿּԸˡ
֮􏪣˭ҶɾһëӽҲ뿪ɾҡ
􏪾ʮƣҾú׬ǮСӣôôأ
ϲ»ûأôĵһֱҪ
뵽һ£δʷٳûΣǲΪԥΧǵˣ
ǡѦȻһʣݴʷأ̫һԶֶǰڽУξΪʷԽߪǶɾΪģŹ֮˵
ǵص󣬾֪ôˡ˵
˭ҪǸҶɾұ޻ء֮¶֮ɫ
ʶݣƫһʵ̫ˣ˵ĺǻὫЮȥӱûõġ
⼸ٱԶԶð
¿֮֮ȥˣ͹ɽլ
ȻʮˣĿǰǣѾҲʵıµѡ
ǵڶղŷ͹ɽѾˣϴʱԺ￴
ıޣӳ˵쾮طеС̫ʺʩչ۾ָĴģ磬Ժϰ˵Ӱ졣
􏪵һμֱӰӾ綼ãվһᣬȻƣã
Ȼע⵽ˣޡռռСǳʺЯһֱߣ􏪾δע⵽ϻб
􏪷ǳ⣺ô
߹ȭɾҹɾҪͬɽס
􏪻ȻӦ֮İΣ½˻뵽ԺƽڣЩζ˵ллǡ
վԭأɾ赣ģһػɾȫ
ӷ􏪺۶ɻ֮ɫЩӣַ˲ٱʡ
􏪿ЩɵҿϢˣϴȥɡ
á
Ҫھȥ绹ϿΣȻ͵пˡ
ͷȥɡ
􏪱Żû˯ѵİƽкӲŮһ綼Ųȥˣûչ˰ƽԼ
״ӹ˰ƽ
·ϣ˵ɾӺ´Ҳж£µϾͲˣֻȡЩɾõģµõȥˡ
􏪵ͷ⡣ɵҴʱϣڱ߾еҡ
üˣ
ԡ
˭˭
˵ң췴
Ӵӣ
ȵۼݱˣֵǽ
ЦһȺ̵ְ֮
̯̯֣ɲǡ
˵Ǿȥֶԣ˸ϲЩ
á
˵䣬Ѿ˺ߣǻСִ󴬣һɽ
ܿ죬ɽ͹ݣҹڴϡ
ȥŰƽ
ȥƽûãһֻݣƽأ˴
Ҵļװ϶Ϭ֮Ļиֲ磬ΪЩꡣ
􏪱һ£иᡢӡݩѡ«ǴޣЩ￴􏪸ˣϽЩϰúɱˣǧŪġ
􏪶һӶǶһѹӣɵü
ɨһϬǣ֪ɱ˶ٶŵģҲûҪ˱ҰϾԼҲԡ
װϵģµҲ˸ӡϡʯƤëȡ
ĵĻӣģÿӶ˴ֵʱ͸ʪֽװӵĲ
ڼ޻Ӻռǵӣռǵú޵ĵȣ⻹ʯ񡢻ƹϡܲݫġˡС㡢ܾݴ»ӵȵӣһЩ􏪶ϲҪȥ֪ˡ
􏪸֮࣬ЩģǴôӣһЩʺݵ򻷾
޻ʺϸɺݲ̫ʺ֣˷ô໻ӡ
ϴ֮󣬾һֱڷӣЩ鱦͸´ˣϿҪٵˡ
ַӦЩʧ䣬Դôĺ䱦мһˣȴЩ֮ѵЩЩֵǮ
􏪽Ӻ綼ؼУ˿ʵĵطЩȥ
ӣҪúˣ˷ѣϾҪ˷ѵˣҪһزŪ
֮ȥҶΪʵˣô˵ĵòѣŶʮ꣬ѵֻԶڴˣ
ҲеʮǸΣϵʱܴܲ㣬ȥݸͽҵҴ򿴿Ѱüҽû׼ϣ
һۣͷãҴȥ
⼸һֱϵĻЩð´ЩҪõȥģһ
ҲûԱǵĹǮַˣÿλĴԱʮӣǵЩһҡ
ŵȻ֮󣬻ҷһʷͽ
ԱõǮʱϵЦݷŴˣһκ׬ȫҼ룬Ȼһõģ
Ծܲϰûգ˵ҪҶʮֻӻԾرſôȻҪȥ
ٳǰ֮ҵ
֮żɽɵңȥߣǻǰ¡
֪֮ӲԼæ鷳ˣ˵
֮˵ҪھǽҵһϢרŴ̽ԼеϢǳ͢Ϣ
ЩεؽͣڸԭҪһֵϢ
ʣ֪ʲôԭ𣿡
􏪺֮һۣ֮ͷ􏪿Цɵһֱ֪ҵʵݣסҵҵֵϲˡҵʮȥٹΪɥ
ɫ˼Σ˺һضݣС˼
æ첲ɵҿһ鲼£Ѳʲô塣
˼ȥС۲ʶ̩ɽǰеˡ
ЩӲɵÿЦûе£ͱΪ񣬸һ֪ܷйٸˣһֱû˵ʵ
ЦѹܰҴӹٸȳԭͬһ֮ѣʹͨˡһΪԼû뵽ֻǰҵˣϷˡ
֮⻰ʱüͷš𣬲˵˵˵ʲôأ
ҡͷɵҼȻôΪǱĳһԸˣȥɵԼɡǸ鷳ˡ
˵֮Ҳվ׼뿪
ҧأѾߵſڵĶˣͻȻ˵ˣҵùôô
һϲͷɵҿǴӦˣ
ͷһ߰ģҴӦʲôˣ
ЦҾ֪ɵҲǲ֮ˡȻټңһ鲼£ͱΪˡǣȻԶǷ֮أǷǲûԶҡĳ̰Բŷλæıһ·
˶ȣ»ʵҪɱ㣿
􏪵ͷһΪжҵѾˣִҵ϶Źҡ
Цôˣôһ֮
εЦе۵Ҳʹ⣬һ¡
˵Ұ겻Ѿ̫ǰƣͬ˵˵Ǹʲô
֮㽫ǰ˵ˡ
˵ĿǰûдʷȺ׶԰ɣ
ǡ
ֱһģ˵򵥣ֱΪˡ
ԿЦãϹȻδ˵ô򵥡
Ҳûôӡǻʵ۵Ķӣ̫ӣΪ𣿡̯֣ǿݵشƫԶѹ͢Ҫˮʦܹ˴ȥЩѵһ£ˮʦ׼ܹڵϹңڡ
֮¶֮ͬɫһ㣬뵽һȥˡ
􏪰֣ⲻСԲ˳Ҳ
ȵؿҪˣ⻹ʲôԲ˳ģ
˵ڻûҪҵ
ͷУ͵Ҫʱɡû뵽ɵ£Ȼˣ˼˼˵ͷЦ
􏪿һԭΪ
˵ձ㶯ϣǮбȱľǮ
֮˵ȥ˳Ҵ𣿡
ȻҪб޻ˮʦҲҪѵˣһ˸ѵ˳˵
􏪷֣ƺбȺ׬ǮȤŨ
Լֻ̣ôͱءԭϣôɼ¡
ڶգﱱϣϳ˴ӺԻ䱦ϣ߷ɡԼ賡ĲҶҪֵĺ˽ҶܻӭƷ
􏪵ı֮ˣѾбˡ
Χȥļϰٸ˽ÿû취̫٣ܺͰɳЩѵһȡ
ֻ֮һ죬ʱҲڴӦˣû뵽̶̼գԱ͵λˣģؿʼ
ҲӵĳɱжߣЩ˲ҪԷҪǮûо޴Ĳ֧Ÿ
ЩԼûΪ̾ҪƲˣϣܸĽ


56 
Ȼͷ, ӸùùֻߵȼһǰǼڻ壬ʱΪɽҪ֮һ
Լλñ, ʧ䡣
Ǹ̫, 􏪲, Ҳԭ, ֻǲϷʡǲԼò, ɾҪԼˡ
ʦô˻, ҴоʲôҪˡ
Ǹ, Ҳ֪ɾʦݲ, ȻǴû͹ܶҪҲܿԼ, ֪ƽǷ, Ļ
£ƴ, һҪΪʦĸ֣ɾܵκ˺
ұ̰ʱ, ÿ찴Ҫѵ´󼪣ʦַ˷ƴ, Ϊʦõ, һ
􏪵վɣÿջճϿ, ƽ, һ¹, оӡ
ˣˮ棬󲿷ﶼ迼ʱڱֲֻһЩϲϲҪѡʱ֡
ıԼϤˮռǵõ޵Լݱˮͬʱ˵ͬÿһ¾ȥ۲¼ˮ
·ֻصԼѧоʱƽͰʺġ
􏪵ʱˣɾȻ˼ֵء
֪֮ÿնЩʲô󣬵û˵ʲôԸұתעδһ¡
ϣԶҪΪԼİΣǣֻȥԼ£Щľͺá
􏪽ʱֵ߹һЩڼͱѡ˼λֲḻũȥ֣ɹһֲܽ顣
ȡսЩ߹ƹ㿪ḻǵĲԼҲʵǳζǼֲˣ뻻ζ
􏪸һÿΣ㿴֮Ҵҽѧӣɫŵɾصˡ
꣬վԭ΢΢̾˿׻ˣʣĶˣ
֮˵һݳǣ˶ٶױδɳ塣
˵Ҳܽ
֮˵ѾвжˣôԴ
􏪰֣䱸̫ԣôҸԷɢֻ߾輴ɡ
ţѾ磬һʱҺ֣֮ȥѾҽ
ԸϽȥ꼶Ҿңʦֵܵ˸ǰ֮˵;ҵկһˣҵİĬկ˵Ԯ
Ҹտʼ˵Ҫؼң˷ܲҪ䣬ʱЩ£ʦʲôˣ
˵ʱûʲô£Ȼȥ㰢ĸ죬ߵ½ˣʦȥ㡣
ɻؿżˣһҲȥ
Ц˵ΪʲôȥǷļ٣Ժֲǲˡ鱾ҲȥؼҲҪúѧϰ
ҲЩأŽɵʣ𣿡
֮ͷģȥɣˡ
žңʦܣˣȥ顣֪µԣʦôˣҪҾҵԮ˵ǳΣ
ܻȥԼѾˣ֮ұϣ§ʦֵˤץͰƽʱǣɽ˩סҪɽ¡
֪ʦɾˡݣ˵һ۶ȥ
􏪿ǵıӰ˵ԽԽˡͬĬ˵£
֮ͷϴȥʱͬ˵ˣԸػɾϣܸϵü
կжСʼԣԸ֣˵ãǼ룬ǵʵõ
ĬһֱǷ􏪵飬ŵҪͷ֮ҲͲˣֱͬĬˡ
Ĭ˵Σգû˵ʹӦˣͬٸƲھȻѹͷϣԹۡ
ôţЦĸ첲֮˷ˡ
֮˭붯ɾһëǴҵʬ̤ȥ
􏪺Ȼ⣬ɫ΢죺Ƕúõġ
ɾʲôҪϿ𣿡
üȻأѵؼȥ
֮ЦݣҲ΢΢ЦǾȥɡϲ̩ɽǰɫĴ󽫷緶
ֱ磬Ĭկһٶ˶ϵˣص˻û
룬ҲûôżȡԼ
һЩʱ֮ӵϢ˵صİһ·˷纮úأҪȰС檲ܹ
ĬûԼ˲ι˰ɳ壬Լ򵼣ǽܰɳŵ㡣
ڴ󲿷ִδɽ˵ɳõֱͲ󣬼ÿҶ߷õİֻܶҪԸܴɾ쵽ɣÿն׬Ǯ
еĺӶѶʶ֣Ǵ˱¶ԴİˣҲòƣѧ˾ǲһ
կҵľҾ飬ѹҪȴǰòˣĽ֮飬ҪܰԼҺҲ͵ͺˡ
կ˵ͱѧҹ
ҹѧ￪ʼԺ˶ӿΧڻѺɾͷʼ˽Σʶ֡
ָǴ˲СҲԶ
ҲЩ˾ûʲôҪԲҪʶЩʶɵԭĻ
ĽģΪҹﻹԾһ죬կǲеġ
ڶһ磬컹ûôסѧ˾ͱˡ
֮żѧӵĿյѵССŮŮһľɨаۣ뻮һÿˡ
Ƿ׷ΧۣǵôãɾҪ˰æӵ˷ǳǿ
óʱصˣһֺ˵􏪺ڣʷ􏪼ǰʷʥּ
֮һȻŭ̧Žһ߷ڵأôĹҼɾҲУ
֮һߵòᣬʹ³һѪָ֮˵˳͢٣㾹Ź͢٣ӱ£췴𣿡
֮һʱͱһѪʹ˿޵֮һڣʲôҸСү췴ñӣҽվʵͷ
ʹǰʶ֮ҦµĲۣæס֮ɾɱˣûȥ
􏪽ƽڻѪȵһĻ֮źӵɱˡϽҹʥּǴʷ
֮γԼĽַɱĺУ֮Ӷһţҹ
۷ˣϽȥ
􏪿ŵϰ߰ѪʶԼⷴǲҲˣ㲻췴Ƕ췴ͷ
֮УƽҸҪѪܻȡԱ˵ˣͳԷǱ􏪣׼ս


57 
صʹ뿪֮, ֮¶ͷıϸֻҪظӲ, ޻ء
ƥͷһµµɳʻԶԶػû壬ͱ˷ˡ
􏪸Ͻżеĸ溢ӵѧȥѡ
ǰӵ˴УЩ˽嵶ߣİˡںһݵؾ
Ҳ˵, زԼţ˶ҵݸǸˡ
ƺƵ􏪼ҵԺУվϣһᣬУʥּ􏪽ּ
􏪺֮Ժ˳Ĭ˾վ
􏪸ְȻء
زʶ􏪣ֻǿһȺʥּˣûһ¹, ʱðɣ󵨵񣬼ʥּ¹򣡡
˵ֻظĸ¹Ѿûˡ
󵨣췴𣿡ָ􏪴һ
Ц̯̯֣ⶥӻȨ񷨣ôϲ췴ñӣҪ췴ʥּ˵ɶˣ
غݺݵһۣʥּһչ󰲻ʵگĿ, ͬı, ͼҳ, ݺ, ﵱٴڹ, һһȫʬˣ˾
ֻǹЦ֮λ޴ǣtô켺Ҫ˵˹ûʣǲǻҪлл˸ȫʬأǸ˷θĹ֮鰡
һһʿͬ£͵ǰ£˵ֲЩ۾˵Բ𣬵£ūֻǷ¡
􏪿ǹˣӦǹʶԼˡ
˵ҲԹ㡣ȥþƺ֮ץס󣺡ɾ
ЦС˵֮㲻Ϊô벻ɣ
֮ɿ֣ƺһƣ˵һϹäĸʣ˵껺Ƶ˵ϡ
ͬһıʿס֮죬һĲϣ𶯣
վϣȻΥʥ⣬˷͵ƣˣץƸҹȥ
Ŷʱ׷װεҲȫγ˵
˷ˣȻΥʥּв͢١ˣȫɱˣشһӡ
֮һҿ˭Ҷ
䣬Ǳܵļұȫð˳ŵìŹΧشˡ
һɫ䣺󵨷˶˽ǹȻ췴
΢ЦԴˣ⻰Ͳˣ㶼ʵ췴ô˵췴أ˵ҵû췴
ذγĽһƥеĽǣڴˣһΪϽͣ
֮˵ݵĽʿǣ֮λضǸԸΪõذװ粻޹ɥ뿪ۣǡ˵һĨ˽±ʿĲӡ
ѪڹϣŵӶˣض㵽һߣСү
􏪿ľƺ;Ʊ̾ûأͿ𣿡
֮һϵ󣺡ɾȥɾ
æԺӳ
ָ֮ڴ˸Хɿ쳯ܵǰʱץסһԾϣس˹ȥֵǣɾƴˣ
ЩѵصļұʹǴδʵսе㷸𣬼֮ȥ㲻һеظųȥĵ˹ȥ
ʱ˻ս֮Уݽʿ״׷׵ͷݷȥǶĴʷȫϤԸΪĵز
رΪԼǰִһ׽ʮþȵ£û뵽֮˽䱸˰š
û뵽􏪻ô˽췴ʵ֤
˵رռƣȻݽʿҪͷǶȥǵˡ
ȻشױⷽսΪḻ֮ôãѧĲǻȭȣοⷽ֡
һ̿ʼúͻȻҲܿ졣ȻҲǳӪҵսѧԨԴ֮书Եƽƽˡ
ʮغϺر㱻֮ն֮һȻͶ
صױԣ˶ʧȥս־սӵ־ܣЩ˵ͷӵģ˵Ĺ׷С
ڼУɱͷƤ󷢽սζϣԼϤκһˡ
ʱ֮ŽɾӮˡˣĶٶױ˽룬ʣµȫץȴɾá
􏪼æʣǵأ
֮һ£˵ûнսûֻһЩ˼ˡ߸ˣʮˡ
ԺһƬհףȻᣬôʧȥ˵Ķ˭úúᣬҪļˡϽҶˡ
֮˵ЩҶᴦáô죿ȥҦգǹ˳ǣҪΪС
􏪿֮һֱӽ¡ѾɱΪ֮ƣֻܸtĵף⿿һСûtԿģԷһֻһֱӸˡ
˵شӾдˣǧлὫߵ֪ͨȥ
ǡ֮ǰǺƣüɾôƣϽȫ
ƺߵſڣһǽ壬ʬ˻սԭģǻ̫ǿˣɵһ¼Ǹ档
􏪺ۿһ֮ǰû£ƺһƣڵϣһǾtģԼȰɡ
Ʊ˵ڵϣһǾԴ˵ģǧ˹ôܹûȾƾ·˵ƺƱžһºݺˤڵϣͷþ
ԸϽӼж˳Լľƺ􏪽ӹȥڵϣʹ˵ĳεºܣôƴȴллǣһ·ߺãǵļˣһչ˺õġ
֮Ѿڴɨսˣ˵ʬҪҵط˵ҪΡ
֮ǣһɾȥҦա
􏪿ǸѾ˰Ѫ״Ǹͷ­ϸ룺һȥ𣿡
֮˵ȥɽһȥ㴦¡
ȥȫ𣿡ЩҦջὫǿֱӽɱˡ
֮ͷİɣµġҦղ᲻ʶ̧٣ظյˣѵ˸ϵ
һҲǣҦպѾǰԼˣǵýҶ˼ͳҲȻûгʦ˻ضҪҪתҵöࡣ
áڼҵǵϢ֮˵շ˳ȥ
ɽҲһƥոսɻ֮
􏪿ǵıӰ֪Ӵ˿Լ˾ѾʷĺЮǰˣ֪ᱻδһԼĳġ


58 
Ҧ˵, ˾̫ˣǰѦȺȵ, ͱغt, , ֮صͷǸ􏪸ɣǸtɣ
ʹΪٶ, ̫Ĺٳ, 뵽ľκ֮лͷһءĨŶͷĺˮ, Ц˵Сү, С, ⲻǱ𣿡
֮Ҧ, tҼҵ»·, Ϊ˻, ò·Ը׷ɾ, ͼǲԸ׷棬ǾʹļСȥɡû㣬һݱˣȴȻΪt׷Σ
ҦѵľЧ􏪣°ܣһ, Чt, , Ҳ·һ
֮ԥȰ˵Ҧ˺ôᣬѵҼҵ¾Ͳĸ׿˳Ļʺ游ǵ¸صĴ󽫾Ҽҵ±ȲŰ߱ɱֵtǿöࣿԴѪˣοµĳأҪˡ
Ҧ˫ȭԺпתţûô􏪣ֹһѦ􏪷ǳ
ˮ顢¹ѣһĺ¡􏪵˻ʵۣǸưĺþǰҪҪ
Ҧ˵Ǯޱ͢˱ֻµֵסĵĵطȻ̫֮࣬С͢Կѻʯ
֮˵Ҧ˲صģĿǰǣƳ͢͢ɳıйݸġݻصסģǮа취Ҧ˿Ҫϵˣtȸ㹶֮Ȼ֣¹Ȼ롢ǻ˼ΣңΪܹӲдãպ̤ԭ¾ܾ²ģҼҵ£˭
Ҧԥҧһ°ڣضݣҦĳһСиڵСүˣ׷СүλͼΣƽ£ðհҵ
֮Ҧ˿Ҽҵ¾ԲУսһջ̩񰲣̫ƽ
ҦʣǷҪʷӭص£
֮˵´ȥͬٶᡣΪһȽص׾˵ȫ֮ǰ¶ϲ©
Ҧչ֣¹ס
֮˵ⰲųȥýҶĵӣ͵ɳ壬˲ҩ
¹ȥš
ֱҴɨսմѪĵطѪʯң􏪵ûƽ
ҿºܳʱ䶼ƽһֱڰЩ˻˿ڣֹѪþƾ˿ڡ
Ѫģ˿ڣߵʹǿҵǸʹĥ􏪣ЩԭֻһݺڵĹ˭֪Ҫ˲صĴۡôǵļ˽
ϻذƽȺһЩƾãû뵽ôˣһ̫ãϽżиˣȥеľ
Ҷ͵ˣ˼ͳҲŻˣ˶˻˼ͳ༸˶򶨣Ϊǵһμˡ
Ҷ̩ȻָӵӸҴ˿ڣֹѪҩеĻҪӹǡ
ȱɢƵĹֱ̼˼Ҿݡ
һĽ˸ֻʣһĲλһСģֽͻȫѣԺֻ־Ͳڷˡ
Ҷҡͷ̾ϢԺҪǶˣ־ȫзˡ
􏪿ʮˣ֪·кֲܳмˣӰҧҧ˵ϡȥȡ˿
˿ǵ׷ӹɵģܽڣϺߣҵѷϲϡ
􏪽ȡĲ˿봩ϣھƾнٽ˼ͼæ
þƾӽߵֽ˼סԼò˿ֽ׺
ֲӣû뵽Ȼϡ
ֽֽƤҲ
һ̣ʹòѣ֪ΪԼãûеֿ
􏪿ŷϵŤŤţǳ˵߻ãԺöС˼ͳԺҪϰôϣȻ˿̫ѿˡ
˼鿴􏪣ɾܹ𣿡һμβ·һ
˵Ȼãҽѧһ֧ԺҪúѧϰ߷Ϻõ˿þƾ֮ó񲼹˿ڡ
˵˭˿ڱȽϴҲԷһ£ϵûȽϿ졣
ʵŴʼʱɵĴ˴󲿷ֶҪϣֻҶˮƽޣûˡ
􏪽ָü˿ڱȽϴĻ˷˿һ֮ѪٶԼ٣˾ͲΪʧѪˡ
Լ˻õ˾ΣҲҶ˵ķ²˾Ρ
Щ²ôûǸ⣬ܻа취ģٲãЩ׳˸ɿǿԵġ
ڵʱ֮ڻˣҪϢҦմӦ׷ǡ
֮˵ǱҪȥ¬Ǣѡʲô
֪Ҫݵݳǣ򸹱ܵУûˡ
ʣǴδ¬йӴβܲ߷
֮˵Ҧص壬¬ƾǰְʱ㽫˿ƣԸ⳼㻹ԶӣǾ˰ɡ
ףܲѪȻõġ
ϣ֮ͬ塢Ϻ顢Ĭ˿ᣬļƻ
Щץķ²ʱѺݼȥæ
֮͹ɽȥ¬ص¡
Ĭ˻կӣ켸̨¯ұģڲҪҪס
һսʵ̫ңѪ֮ڵǰòһǲôˡ
㽫ݵȫһ
ߵȥÿҶҪ㹻չǵļˣҲҪһһźá
Ŀǰı̫٣ԸΪλæʱũԣʱѵñʱֱӳ
ռ˰ÿҶַũߣͷ˰ֻĶ֤ӹɡ
ϸһĹõȿݺ
Ҷ񿺷ܣ鵽˯
շ̫࣬ͷʹѣڴϷȥ˯š
֮ʣɾĲ
˵еͷΡ
˾ŰɣҸࡣ֮˵мİƽŵͷ˯á
֮􏪷Լϣᰴѹ̫Ѩ􏪱۾˵ǲ̫ûˣ
ɾγԣûãϻ˭ܳƵã
􏪿Цұ۾ܿЩ˲ģǶϱ۲֫Ѫģ˿ڡ˴ҡ
֮ɫ˵ɾûʲôֻôҹϸõɾԹ־ܣƣΪЩ׷ɾʲô³췴ǾͬȻҲһǾ㣬ҲԾȡ
ĬȻȷʵˡ


59 ѧ
ڶһ, Ҧձܵɳμ􏪡
􏪵ʱڸ˻ҩҦռݣҦղμ
һæ˵Ҧ, , ǧô, Ҳʲô㻹ǽɾɡ
ˣؼų, Ԫ谳Ƶ۵ķǡǽ, , 
δ, Ҫʱ, Ҳؼų, ̫¶âtע, 类ɱҡ֮С
ڽͨ, ϢͺȫԴݼϢƭt˵ԼѾˡ
ȵ׳֮һĴ㡣
ҦʣɾʱᵽʷȥѾ˽ʷʰˡ
Ҳż, вҪ, պ顣Ҧ˼ȻˣһЩҪ飬Ҵߵ¾ҦȥЪϢ
Ȼż, ҲͲŰᵽݳȥ, ߻Ҫ, Щ绹ڹ۲Աء
􏪺ʹһ˻ҩŹӴҦգҪʵϵ¡
ĸ˰Ѿϣģµʳѱ֡
ݵʳǲزֿⴢģԥ췴t㿪ʼΪԼݡҪ뾩ԽԽã㽫ݵʳȥ֡
һս㹻ݲ
􏪾ȥҲã֮ǰûбҪͬ͢ȡһĻʱ䡣
ԼѾҪͷȥʱȫѻʹֻںʧ£ͷѾʧȫ
ʣҦˣ˰ʼΣ
Ҧմ𣺡һ죬ÿĶÿĶÿĶȥֻģݵ︳ʱɡ
ʣ˰أ
Ҧ˵⣬оƿ˰߽Բ˰
˵ԺĶ۹˽ÿĶʱ䣬һһũߣ޵ʽַңߣÿÿһסҿѻģռߣǳʰֵ㿴Σ
ҦվȵɾũҪݾɴֻԱÿҶַũߣֻ³ɱڸ߰Ѱ쵽
􏪵а취Ҧ˲صǡͷ˰ҲȡޡҦ˾˰Σ
Ҧ˵ɾգǰֻ֮ǹٸǮգֻάȥɾĪҪˣǻг͢һУð軨Ǯ
ףҦԼǣûȡ˰︳ַΪ߰ոֵЧʣܽʡӶļ׳дӾ
ҦƬ̣ɾ
ǿƣӲ飬һ߳꣬ð಻
ļҪ㹻ľ顣
˵ȡļƣԸػ԰ҵߣ飬ȡԸԭ򡣷飬긳˰Զӳʱߣٺ»
ҦҡͷԸѶȡɾǰҪģǴı޷볯͢⡣
֮⣬Ҫǿ
֪̾ûԸ̡ҲԸ⣬Щ̣ǲܲģ籣ԡ
Ҧտ􏪣û˵ⷽЩ棬ͨбľ
˵һҪҦȥ졣
ɾ뽲Ҧ˵
˵Ҵڸ˰ѧӣ㽫䷢ȥٽΪ壬һм㣬һѧӣʮ꺢ͯѧŮ۹һͬʡ
Ҧ˴ĿɿڴѧӣֹкӶѧ
벻ףЩͨ˶кã͢ȡ˽Ҫŵڵġ
ǣṩ鱾㸺һƷжĶʦЩʶ
􏪾ãļҪȥȵðոоԼǰȣ˸õı仯ǲԸΪػŬʹۡ
Ҧղ⣺ɾЩƽͷնʲôأ
˵Բμӿԣ¼ٸŵΪ
ҦյԲˣŵڼһеʱ뷨ֱ̫ˡ
Ҧܵ٣ǲμӾƷѡγġܲμӾƷģǻңҲŵԵ͵ĺ壬壬ƷѧţҲܱΪƷҦվ֮һ
ãҦղ૵˵ɾԤԣŵڣֻѧʶ
􏪵ͷԣŵڣֻѧʶƷУ߼汸ΪΪ
Ҧ˫ֱȭҾɾ˾ٿƴ١
ЦҲ̸ʲô٣˾ڰδȥΪŷӴڳ̸ڣ˾ƱػӰ쵽ǵ棬ػ뷽跨ӡŷѷ֮أٴ뵹ûʲô
Ҧմ˿̲ɾԼǣɾţ°֮ȥɾд¡ˣɾ˵鱾һʾ޴дķС
Ц˵⵹£н취Ҧ
Ҧո􏪣ȥӡ
ӡѾˡӡʦӡˢʦѾڵ̡ӡˡ
ҦտŶĵ棬ֿһѾӡõġüֱ״Σ⡢⣬ɾ顭
ԭǴӡõȥģ˭֪˻ʵۼݱ췴£һмƻˡã黹óġ
˵Ҧ˿Щ鹻𣿡
ôҲмǧѧ鱾˵ɱȷͣ˲˵ЩͶ̫ˣϾ˲޼۵ġ
ڿӡӡҦͻȻĨһ᣺ɾ˾ʵ°֮Ҵ¶ɾʾл˵һӣʹ˰ȥ
æ˷Ҧˣ򲻿ɣҪɷҰ
ɾܵһݡҦ˵Ӳһᣬ˵ѧʱǧ࣬ܶʱ򣬾ǮҲ޴ɾ˾Ϊ¶˽ѵ鱾⣬츣µĺ¡ɾŷѧʶƷУΪµײտͨ˾ٽıδĸ֣츣ǧΰգ
Ҧˣĳʵڲҵ􏪾úܲⲢԼĴ٣Ǳ˷ġ
Ҧ˵ɾǫ飬ȫɾɻ·ԸҦȥģԶ˼־⡣
˵⸳˰ļ֮µũߵλʱ̸Ŀǰȥƹѧһ£ЩɼļƲƹøΪ˳У㽫ѡõĶ͵Ҫͳһѵһ£ؽѧ
Ҧסػʱڽ°סҦչһԥƬ̣˵ɾɷһ飿
Ȼԡһװõġ͸Ҧա
Ҧ˫ֹӹ飬Ȼ뿪
􏪿ҦյıӰʮοҺһƳ֪ʶĻˣţ٣¾Ѱˡ
Ҧգ􏪱ͬ£ȥȥļλʿοʣϸ
Ȼò٣ôֵܵʧȥļأ
߻˼ңļִΪԼļˡ
ͼסЩļֹǣûлرܣöԷ鷢й
˵ɾԺҪȥˣͺá
ҡͷ޷ܹȥ˻ͺˡ
˵ɾظΣΪɾǵĸ֣ŴҶĸԸġ
􏪣


60 
֮Ǵ¸ϻؼ, ҹ˶
ţСظ˵һ֮ͷ, ʾ֪ˡ
صԼ, ˫ſ, վֱ塣
֮һͷһ佻ҲûСԼȥ, ֮Ž, 졣
ĵ, ֻаƽ, ſǰ˯ˡ
֮߹ȥ, ë, ͷûɣͿһС顣
֮ëʼ, ڱʼ, Ȼ׼ȥ
⼸£˯ߺǳ֮ձ, , ɳɤʣˣ
֮Ҳûɿ֣ţôϴȥ˯ɾȥ߼ˣ
Ҳû֮Լǽָ۾ϣš
֮ڴ, ڴɺãɾ̫, ˭ҲԸ⿴·, ݴϾͻֹطսÿ춼ȥҪģս°նҵҲûս¾
􏪷֣˵öԣֻսŻʧ
ʢеȻ׺ƽĿɹҲ֪ǲһĻ룬ֻҪŬ϶ʵֵġ
ֻ֮ǰͷ­ѪԼ
֮˵ɾЪϢɣȥԡ
ʣݳǵ¶ŵˣ
֮˵ˡнʿǿǿȡҺ͹ɽÿնҪȥԺİȫһҪģǧܵһж
􏪵ͷ֪
֮˵ȥϴ裬ʵȫסڳΪ􏪣Ըÿձ
¬ƾƵ½֮˵􏪰ᵽȥ밲ȫһϡ
֮ϴһֽӦǱ紵ģߵߣ׼öѹס
սƹ⣬ϸһдĶɵסˣдȫΪ񡢱̡棬Ρ˿ڡ˰ա¡̷ˮũȸ棬ȷг˴µ
˼·֮ԽԽϲܣ֮ҵĳ֪͢Ҫٱʮ̫ӽ治ǰѧģǸι֮ţ
֮˲˯Ͻдµݴһ
պƾԼϵְǵʱ򣬱ܵ˺ϿʣΪ´ʷյһأȫʩñȽϸ񣬵ûлʲôԡ
һʷоΧЩԣԺվŵģȫװľʿ
Ժӣŵ˵ԼȥɣӶԺеȺ򡣡
ƾƿ˿ԼʮӣͷȰɡ
ţûȥǽ˺԰ͤС
ҦպһλʵͤеʯԣںȲ裬Ҧվ֣ƴˣڵˡ
ƾÿٸ°ڣؾͰݣ¹ƾƣݼʷˡ
֮²豭վ˷𣺡ƴˣҲء
ƾ̧ͷȵؿǰλߴˣԴأ
Ҧ˵ƴˣλǻ֮ṫү
ƾգգۣȻ̫׹үôڴʷ
ƴˣĳһ󡣡֮˵ųƾһҾ
ƾŵԱһ㣬үǿһƷλһƷܹܵģṫүǧɷ¹١
֮˵ĳʣϣƴһ֮
ƾƲ¹ٲ̫׹үԡ
֮ҲĨˣ˵Ұɱˡ
ƾŵһ̱ڵϣ¶ֵı飺㡢㡢㣬ǳ͢١СҲһݣʷ൱Ʒְ˵ɱɱˣҪ췴
֮˵᲻֪ͼıҰͳѪ̫􏪣ҽɱˡ
ƾתת׹ԭΪ˷̫􏪡
ﰵп࣬ɱ˻ʵĴʷΪλҪԼ
֮ƾƴӵƴ֮Ϊ˻ѶΪ֮ѾûлͷֻӲͷƤȥҪƴ˵Э
ƾɫҰף֪ԼҪվˣṫүʾ
֮˵ҼҵѾ̫һλΪˡȻµtҪϾɱƴ˾¹𣿡
ƾƿɬصͷʲô취˭ڻʼء
֮˵ôҲǲѣΪ˻tҼҵ¾Ͳ𣿱Ҽҵ¸ʸʵ̣ۡҪˡƴˣڰǰҪôҼҵ£ҪôͻЧǻʵ۱¡Ҫǲݵ켺ڵġ
ƾɫҰףʵѾˣֻ·ѡҪôҪôͶ􏪡
һԵҦ˵ṫүȰ˵ƴ˼ɡ
֮ͷǾͷҦˡ˵뿪ͤǵ˵
ƾƿҦգ˵Ѿ˻ϣ
ҦյȻһЦ̸ϱѣЧҵĻѾݱˣµδΪβ􏪵Ǽģľܣѡ׷
ƾ˵ʳٺ»֮£Ȳ֮Ҹɲ
ҦЦˣҪ˵ŰҲtģʥġ􏪲ʥĵմô㲻أ
ƾ˵Ѿˡ
Ҳı䲻ǵճӳݡƴ˺αԽҸ㿴Ҧóֽƾƣǰ֮􏪵Ĺ滮ܽݡ
ƾƻɵؿһۣȥֽϵ֣֮βס֮ɫǺ
Ҧ˵􏪵ⶨ֮ţƴ˾ǷֵЧң
Ҧ̾һûǴƴӦһҲǺųΪٶ꣬վССһְϡԶҲн
ƾƴû˵
Ҧ˵ǰЩӣͬ˵ҪڸѧӣƽӵϤѧպЩѧɣܲμѡοԣѡܣΪ٣Ҳŵۡ
ƾƵԲ˫ۣⲻܡ
Ҧֻ̯̯֣Ҫ􏪵µ˻ʵۣʲôǲܵģ
ƾ̾Ҧδ棬һ̫ӣССһϣҪûˣҪǮûǮϿʶ̫ˡ
Ҧ˵ƾȻǲģƴĪҪ˻лвپɳʱգδزܳ¡ƴ·ˡ
ƾƿЦǲͬ⣬ձҼգͬˣҲ·һ
Ҧ˵ƴ˲˱ۣδûԭңѾǿԤδ˭֪tõĻʵأ
ƾƳĬãҧҧ˵ˣҦ˵İɡ
ҦմϲǾ͹ӭƴˡ
ƽʮݱ䣬ʷ̫ݡδʵϵĵ
ĽʮҴ󴬻صݵʱ򣬲ŷѾ죬ռΪˡ


61 
ÿؼ, 
൱ĲүֻҪܴĲƸͱ, ͲûǮ
һͣںϵĴֻ, ʮ֮࣬¥¥սôŪֵģ
ȥʱȽϾãΪڱó׵, û뵽ȥˡ
ܴôബҲʵͦģϾһҴҲüµʱ䣬ôһӱôബء
ָźϵĴֻ˵ɾЩɰɣ
􏪵ͷ, ôôബ
һЦɽƣд, һ˲ˮ
􏪸ˣļģûּ, ϶˵, ؽļ
˵ܣ˾ǡ
˵䣬ϵЩѾ½ˡ
Щ, ꣬ɢһŵζ·ҡڵģе˼ϻŵ, ŹӼ˵Сϱ͹ǺٺЦ, ʮ
һŹӵĴһţҹص, ع, Ҳ
һŵĴ󺺸Ͻһѹӣҿ
Ⱥ˵ҹվˣʶһ£λǵļɾԺҪЧҵҲ
ȺԼнˣĻ㳯􏪵ϥȥЧɾ
􏪿ǰȺŷˣֿһۣĪһȺɣ˵ӭݣɡ
˵ɽǻȥٸǿһ¹أΥط
Ⱥ뿪֮􏪲ʣɵңЩ˵ʲôͷ
ɵԭϱСȻǣҲˣǷˣ˺ʹҴˡЩ˳ںƯˮԲ˵ΨһҰѱ̫̣ܽҪúõ̡Щ⣬Ҳѹ֣Щǵ˻࣬Ǵһʤ̡
ɵҹȻӢ£ˡˮʦҪˣһȺɲѩ̿
֮ͣ˳ˡȺҲƯˣҲǡøˡ˵赭д´ʷûУ
Ѿˣ֮ɱˡ˵
ô죿ȻûһΪźȻûиɱǸ١
һˡ˵ͬ´ʷ˴һ̣߸֡
ʣ˭£
˵ϸ˵û¡֮Ѿ˵¬λеı֮ǲ
ȭϲ
􏪰ڰ֣һʲô
̧üûгҲԣǸӡѾʵϵˣЩˮ͸
ԼдЩȣоеɽγȥ
˵ȫ֮ȥꡢݡԽݡݡݸ򴬣ŵôʱ䣬ͻˡصҲкôⲻ˳ս
¶Цݣ̫ˡ
˵ͬЩԤһЩˮʦҲҪʮϰҲųɹģϧսͷ°촬ʦݣǾԼսˡ
􏪿ЦãȽϺãǲǿ
ΪȻԹԹɼǿˣʲôɺˡ
􏪺Ȼ۹ǿȫ磬ҡһ䣬ͳĴĴߣǺ̡
˵˵ǲԵģΪƴľͳȷġ
􏪣ͻȻҡͷ̾ѵãɾĳ뷨Ȼôԭ򡣡ʵ˵棬ջû˵ʡ
􏪾е㳰ΪȻ֪Ժܶ˵ԴҪǸȱ˹ƽԴô˼䣬ǵ˸Ҳû̫Ĳˡ
ԣüС֮ˡ
􏪿Աǻһ°ᶫʮ䣬ʣЩʲô
б˵أ
􏪹ЦᶼǮɣ
˵һ㿴֪ˡӺϣ㡢Щһһ𡣡
ࣺôǱ
̧첲˫Ժ󣺡⺣óǾһʱ㸹Ҳز˸߰ĴۣҪǲ׬Ǯ˭ȥ
ٴιֳлɵˡ
ͻȻս􏪶ߣѹ˵лףɾ˻ʵۣҸ¡
􏪺ȻЦԡ˻ǮȥǮɡ
ü˵ģڡ
􏪿Ǽʮӣ˷ܵش֣ɵһұ㲻ȱǮˡ
һ°ͣЩҸ׬ģȥ㻨
􏪻ǵǵĶ˷ֳɣ˵ȥһȽǲóȥ
һ伴ɡµģɾƵõġúøɣ𹼸ôŬΪ׬Ǯ˵ļ硣
̧ؼңһӣһ򿪣ȫǽӲӰ׻ĽСͭǮ
ͭǮԵʣΪֵĻڰûֱͨöһ󲿷ͭǮ˽
ʵ⣬鱦ϲҶƥʵġ
ƥǽͨߣսʣǣǲ½ϣڵϣƥҪʵ̫ˡ
ҲΪϲװʹôĲ˹Ѫ֪һƥ
ôǮһεĲʵУǮֳ־ɡ
˵ɵҿɷĿ
˵ʮɡĿû㡣
ٺ٣ˣɵҵĲүЦտѧҪǮ
е˵жٱ
˵ĿǰݸжǧٶˣǼļıմЩһٶˣǧ
һС̣ʼˣɾһҪǮԷ£ٺ»ԷȷһߣĿǰݱٺ»Ƕ٣
գһۣһ¡
žһ򣺡Էºǧɾһ͵ûһ˰ٺ»Щٺ»ǧԶԶģأһ͵ʮӣҲ͹һı⻹ûսս֧
􏪶ʱˣʵʹˣôһѣʱͻصʵУΪ˲ƣʵҲǻ˸±
άһ޵·ˮûǮ
􏪳̾һ׬ǮҲ
˵Ǿ취׬
бɵʲôõӣ˿֮·Ƿǳ׬Ǯȥһٵð꣬о޴գܲܽΨһ׬Ǯӡ
˵˰
􏪿ЦҲ׼ȡͷ˰⡣ҸսӹݣܵøմһЩı䡣
ͨ࣬եˮǾե˵ġ
֪ԹŸ˵˰ɵҿ
û뵽ҿǺúһЩë˵
Ǿɵˡ􏪾ãȻʺϹǮˣǸǮ¨ӡ


62 
Ϻ, ͻȻֺɿܽԺӣɾˣǴˣ
̧ͷ˭˭ˣ
, Ŵ, ȥ
˵ϴ⿴ţðƽȥ
ԣ˵⿴, Ҹɾȥ
Ȼȥ֣ӣôû, ҪǱ˳һЩ˭ܲó
Щĸɷ, 书Լ, ܹõرɾ
Ϻֳ, ͭǮĿҲæһ飬һ, ûһǧ
ɢװͭǮһǧ㴮һᣬ㡣
˵õģ塣
õ, ϺְΧǳ, Ĺ, ˼ǹǮ㡢ַڸ, ǹܼң˷
ԽҴҵˣԺ󻹵ҪٸɼֲС
ƽǸܳԡƽץһԪϽԪó˱ԼãһͭǮڰƽϥϣƽһ
ƽӹͷ
ޱȾȣƽˣһ
ġƽӡ
ϲ˵壬쿴ƽˡ
ϺͣŰƽָͷͭǮһҲǳȣƽһѽӦǸɾϿѧġ
ƽСƽ
􏪸󣬵ԺһһȺڻս߹ȥŭһ͸ͣ
Զһŭ䶼죬æſ죬˵Ĥ
һŭ𣬻ҵĳ˲ֹͣ
߹ȥֱܵγˮŭĿɨһȦɽô£ôҲŴˣ
ɽոҲ˻ս֮УıڵѪűѪߵǰصҵģղ³˽һѡ³ȥܣ֪˭һȭûסԼҲ˻ȥǴҾͶ
ūͣ³δĺܼ򵥣³Ϸ˽ϱ˴
Ҳԭ򣬶ǴӴϾͻìܡ
շһȺ̵ܽҰˣǴײعأ˵ڴʱ͸ԭĴԱγìܡ
ѹìһֱû³󷸼ȼ˵˱
վȺм䣬˵ղŴ˼ܵĶ˭վ
һʼû˶
ٺһ϶԰ɣǺãһܷ
ɽһվ˳Ҵˡ
ţԭвվ˳Ǳ߹˺һ³վվ˳ܵ߰ʮ֮ࡣ
ͷܺãʣ޴ʩǰɣɽȥȦʮأ
ɽתͷ˳ȥ
˵ţȱܡ
ɿһ£ƽѵ·Ӵе̲Լһ·ؾʮرһһɳȻ
ͷ􏪣ɾҪδã
˵Ҫ²ܲס³Ǿȵý˭³󣿡
³վ˳һη塣
˵Ҳɡ
Ҳվ˳ףǷߺޣɾҪΪ
˵ҶҾͽһе˶ҲǴǰʲôӽǾݾһԱһжҪѭݾļɡ
ӣɱ޹ˣ͵Сó¶ݣˣŮ˽ơΥߣӦͷ̣巣ٺؽաŮߣԹ̣ߣ̣
􏪸ӲߣҲ󣬵ϣ
ȫྲû˵􏪽˵ؼ̷һṫϣλǣмٷ³һΥɣӣδɸ˺Ҳöٺ⳥ӣݾһٺ»ΪǮȥӣ³ǷͬҵĲö
תܻؼȥˡ
³Դͬ⡣
ʱҲתɾͬɾö
˵³ϿǮǮھͿԽûдٺʱ۳
³ӻһݸڸˡ
􏪿ǰȺˣ˵֪ڳ˵ݾļɹϿĳЩ˵ĳԣݾΪ׬ӣƺȡ漸ŮˣùҹաݾҪķݾΪ˱ҵѪɣΪػպԼļ˵İΣξЩ˹¼ҹˣûиĸ޶ֵܣѵǾһӲȢˣ㲻ȢˣǾʹһһգʬҰˣ
˵ΪԼ޷ݾԼھͿ˳Ҽ̡Ǹݵĵ鷸ƣɱԽ͵Բ㻹طˣݹٸϳͲ
􏪸˵˳ʱȺ˿ʼֿʼʵһˮĺˣûд󴬾޷뿪
˵ڼ䣬һֱû廰ֻţаû뵽ˣмϣȷʵмλߵӰˡ
˵꣬˵ɾ˵ʮݾպܴʤ̣սȥǣû
ɽͷش𣺡УӦϡϡ䣬롣
ʣûģ
УЩ
⣬ʣ̫Сûģ
УһأΪ롣
ú⣬û뵽Ҳͦһף˵֮ͬ以භŹҲϽģǼ嶷Źղ붷ŹߣҪɵҵзʮأܳԷ
˵³󣬹ӡɽ
ɽһȺ
뿪Χ۵Ƿ׷׻ǼɾʲôĴͷʰ
ֽһˣ˵ǶմӴҪʮغϣֻ֧Ͱˮ;һЩǼʱˮһΣ̡̫ʵߣߡ
˵ͷǣɾ˵ŸϽˡ
􏪺תȥб􏪣ɾ̫ơ
Цܶѣﲻ㷣ʮؾͲˣʮҲ̫Щ
һûһٸءȺҪȥ˸ۡ
ЩȦĺһʼΪȻɽһغ󣬱֪һẠ̇ʮܻҪ
ȦǾͷ;ĵطˮɾ˵˭ÿڿʵģԺˮɾ˵ˣʵ岻ܲģǿţʮغϡܳԷ
􏪲˹͵ҲҪߣΪȺϰзûԣܳԷȻûԸʮغϲųԷ
οĺͼԭǶڻϾ˭ء


63 
֮ʱ, ҹſڵԼ䡣
֮Žݣ􏪻û˯, ڷд
죬Ťͷһ, ʱЦտеı, 첽߹óͽŲһ졣
˷ܵץס֣֮֮, 㿴֮ۻ, ÿ, ͵, ߵķ䡣
ԴӰƽ, 􏪾һֱ˯İ, Լķš
֮ԹŽ䣬ֻ϶ӡ
􏪷ſ֮, һӣ͵ƴսһ, ȫǰ׻ٺ٣֮ҷжǮ
֮Ц, е˵ζ, ҪЦԼĶãϲɾڲȱǮˡ
􏪽ӸϣʱǲȱˡԼʮ, Էȥļ, ֻҪ, ǻġ
, Ͼȥļ֮͵ƣƷŻصϣŰϵݣɾ׼ѧӣ
ԣһ£һѧٵʮӣݾڴԼҪʮѧӣѴ߰ʮҡѧӵǲѣѾȥôķӡ􏪶ʱü
ͷĶˣҲǺν壬ҲС׼˼ҵӵԸ⵱ء
֮Ŀ̧֣Ķͷʶ㣬֮˵𶯡
ֻͣסж𣿡
֮üᰴ˼£ɾҪü
􏪴󾽣˿֮Ѿƿ֣˵ҦҲͬ£˵Ը⵱ӵ˼١ҿɾȡһЩʩӡ
􏪱һᣬʱඥס֮Ц뵽ˣ뵽ˣô죡лл֮ˡҲ֧ʦԱҵʱܼӷ֡
֮Ūһ㶣Ȼ˳ƻرסḧԴ
􏪴ӿϲлعԼ֮ţϽ˿Եؿһ˵Ͱ˵İ졣ҦƾƷʾ֪ͨжˣ괺ݿƿ䣬Կɱ¼ȡѧӷӿʱܼӷ֡
ɾӢزȱˡ֮΢̡
֮ĸ첲ҡ
֮˵ҦɾʱȥУҲͬ
ԣһ䣬Լһһν첼ģҪ뿪𣿻е㲻ᰡ
ȥʷ𣿡ʡ
֮˵ɾᵽʷ
ʣʷֵ𣿡
֮룺ܰɡǶֵжӰ
˵ǳпɻֵصլӣЩˮӾӽɹҲһȶҪзӽ߰˴ȶһԼͲܣߵ鷳
֮˵ȥʣûкʵլӡ
á֮һ㿴һļݸ֮
֮һһݾ͡
˵˽صĺһ£˵ҾþҪսҪľԼһͬĿꡣݾͣ㿴ЩҪ޸ĵĵطҪʲôҪġ
֮žͿһͣɾһЩҲһЩ
֮˵һ£ȡе¥˹ݡ
֮⣺ΪΣ´δȥ¥˹ݣͻȻ뵽Щ
˵¥˹ݵĴڣǶŮԵﻯŮӵ˿ڼΪҹܣұҪһƽȵ硣
֮˵Щ˹ݶ˽¥ŮҲı죬ȡ֮Ҫΰǣ
˵ı죿˿Щǲܸɣ֯ǲܸɣǴеĸ˻µظũءûиɲ˵£ֻ벻ɡ˵ǻܼˡ
֮􏪣ɾ̫򵥡¥˹ݶ˽ôȡˣֻ²÷ڡ
üڣֻЩ¥˹ݵϰ壬ûǼ㲻ˡǿɹƭ˶޹ŮӡݵϽֹ潼˻˽潽ΥΪ
֣֮ԼԵ̫ǳЩֻһõµϵıԭһУȴδҪıò
ʵİյļ࣬ͼðչϸõôܹ֧أ
֮飺ģɾ
¶Цݣлл㣬֮ô֧ҡ
֮˵Ϊɾ˵ңҲܻҳϡɾҪһƽȵ磬һʵĿꡣ
磬գֵһֵʱ¥ԺȴŴգһƬ
ڣһλɨŴɨȻ̲סֹⶼʲôʱˣôţ綼˯ˡ
ڹȥţѹʣ˭㻹ûء
Ŵһ϶һλʵվ⣬а̾Թԣλкøˡ
͹٣㶼Ѿ˯ˣ͹ٿԤԼõĹʡ
֮Žֶϰ壬˿ڣ
˵ϰҲЪˡ
ǾͰе˶Ű¡֮еĹһչ
һŰ£ʱˣҡûʲô°ɣȥˡ
ײײؽԺӣȥˡܿ죬Ժֵģ˯¾ͱѣ˭
Ժͷ˵سˣӴλүǷʲô𣿡
֮˵ݸӼݾ¥˹ȡޡԺ⣬ԺйϣڸϽȥʰ뿪
⻰һ¥ﶼĵģ˶ΪԼˣܿ죬ʹһ˵ʲô⣿ȡޣ˭˵ģҿġ
֮ϣȥòţȥ֤
ʱǷӦˣҶѽģǿԺҲڴԺӿˣ
֮ԣϽȥʰ
󲿷ֹﶼܻطȥʰԼĶֻһСڵģеǲ̫ģǶɣмΪĳЩԭԸ뿪
֮ߴ٣Ͻȥʰʲô
һŮӹʣү˵뿪Ҫȥ
֮˵мҵģԻؼȥ޼ҿɻصģٸǰȥ
𾪵ѾعˣƵĳץס֮ƭҵİɣôȡأЩȫһǮģǹٸѵǿ𣿰ҵ˵߾ʹˡ
֮𽣣ϰԼԶľ룬Լжٱɹƭ޹ŮӣرǸٸûץһ档ٲģΥȥٸ״Ρ
Ѿйʰü򵥵ҳˣүҿˡ
𱿴ԼҡǮһҪܵʱ۵úޣҡǮҪûˣܲ
еĹǶ֮֮Ȼ˳ٽٸڴԺϡ
Щﱻ͵һլڣլҦհŵģȼеǼǡ
ҶǼٸǵԸаš
ԸؼҾͻؼȥԸؼҵģмѵ􏪵Ҫ֡
һдѵĹҪܻ࿴۵ģҲԸ顣


64 
̶̼칤, ݳе¥˹ݶ˷ټҲãҲ, Ϥȳ
һ˿ڲʮأ¥ŮӾжٶ, ˴Ŀġ
ݻ죬Ҳ֪, ֪ˣҲֻڸ̾䡣Ϊͨ˵, ǻ˭ʵ, ǵӰ춼, ˰һ١
˼˹, ȴ˰ռĹע, ˶ۼ˹ݹŵ¡
ȫһ, û˷³Ҳû˷йȥ, ЩӲȥ˹ݵˣҲòӦ, û׼Ҫء
֪􏪴˾ٺ󣬶ʮֲ죬Щ⡣
ʣɾΪҪ¥
􏪵˵ǼЩŮ˱ūۡ
˵ôóȻ¥, ֹŮ, ЩȢϱĹ»Ů֡
ȷʵҪ̷ˡҲǵⷽ, ʵ, ڡϷ, ǿ鰸ɴ, еĹʻ൱ߣɼǵ뷨Ƶ⡣
Ϻ˵ɾųЩ¥ŮӸδã
˵ԸؼҵģŻؼȥԸ˵ģˣԸߣȥ֯˿֯ȥ߷ߡ
ϺüҪŮһ
ע⵽̬ȣϴף
Ҿ̫׵ѻ̫ʺŮһ𡣡Ϻ鱥ʥ飬˼Ӱ졣
˵ҾֻҪϴǦȥ׻ޣͨһƾ˫ֳԷ޿ɺǡΪͬһˣֻ̫˸ΪеǱȥģеǱƭȥģеıȥģΪ䵽ֵطѵֵͬ𣿡
ֵͬ飬ǲʺŮһ˫̫áɾ˼Ϻ˵űȭҾ
Ҳ˵δɣǾֿɣһ𡣡
ǣʶԼ뷨̫棬¥ŮӶʱ˵ˣԼ棬ȴЩŮԼŮƽƽ
􏪳Ĭã̾˵һῼǵġ
ԽЩ˵һǲǻعᣬ¥ܺöأһӣҲˡ
֮Ըȡ¥˹ݣΪС٣涼󣬸ǳûʲô̸ڵ漯ţʩС
ݶȫΧôȥУ
Ϻ̬ѾԤδˣҪһиĸѶʵ̫ˡ
صġѾȳȻǻȥزپҵҪ𵽵ס
ȥЩŮ˼빤аȰο
􏪿ͳƽвŮͨ黭ģеǱҵĴ˼ҵŮҲеǴСɼ˹ģΪӭϿ˸ӹŵҪ
˼һȻЩŮͨīΪβȥѧӵء
뷨һᣬʱ⵽֮ķԣⲻ̫ʣɾԹŮӡ
Цве£ʸΪʦŮǰлĲŮ㻹ǲܵ𣿡
ⲻ̫һǱϾ¥Щͯĸĸ֪ˣȥѧ£ѧӵӰ죬̶ɾӰ졣֮ȿǵģԶ􏪡
룬δزᷢϢٱҲûв͸ǽ׼ĸͯĳȥ¥˹ݣһ˺ĻЩŮˡ
о仰˵µĲûϣǸϣֽ֮ƣǲ˾
̾˵һЩȶԼ˽нɣǶʶ֣飬Ȼȥɻ
Ͼв˻ҪʱеȽ£ȥӭӸӦ˵
á֮ӦɾҪ˳ȥһҦѾѧӵ´òˣһָ
Ǿȥɡ
ҦΪʮأ֪˹ٳһףÿÿ˾ҪŪֶΣ޳ǽ޹ٵˮ޹ѧȵ
δģһҪ⸳˰ļȫݷΧѧӣҪƷԭѡƶȣҪѡοԣոֲеļ˹ݡ
֣һڴƳ¹档ЩҦҲ̫ͬ􏪵ΪѾϰ˾˵ʲôȥˡ
Ͼرռ˹ݣ𺦵Ҳ˵棬̫Ĳ
􏪵ãҦձ㽫ĳϣ¹ǰͳƵѧԼѧӷӵ¹Ŀ
ϸˣϽ˿ڰ࣬轨ѧӶʮͨĸȻ彨һе彨һʵ࣬Ҫ̫ɢ
˵ļ޽ѧӣǰ깤ѧԤ³һѧͬʱҲҪʼѧͯˣʮԿɱƫһЩԸҲɣŮ
Ҧ˵¹
ѧӷӵһʮˣҲ˵һѧܷ䵽һӡȻвжʺϵӡ
˵ͷ㽫Щ˶ԼҪһ̸
ʦ˼봫ߣʲô˼ӣͻᷢʲôѿ⽫ϵݵδ˵Ұһ㣬ǹϵδܲӡ
Ҧ˵Щ˾μӹƷƣƷʶӦܹصġ
􏪵ͷ֪Ҫ̸һ¡Щ˽ͳһѵ̫ڤ粻ģǲҪӵˡ
¹Ҧձȭ֣һҪʾºСүլѾҺãҪȥǷ⣬ɻҪĵĵط
֮˵ѾҺǱȥɡ
Ҧ˵ѾҺˣڳǶ¹Сүͬȥ
˵ǾҦˡ
ҦΪҺõķλڳǶһǸ˼ңݵάǷòõġԺӷǳԺأкüһ޴Ļ԰ͺɻء
Ҧָź˵ɾҪһأڽɻƽһЩ
˵ԭֻĵطһƬؾͿԡֻԺӲûסԭأ
Ҧ˵լԭǴŹģȥˡլһֱ˴ģδķϡ
˵ãǧΪǽ˸ߡլӻѶ٣ͷ֮
Ҧæ֣ãã¹͸µ
ͻȻͣ΢۾ҦգҦ˵ٺ»֪ģ㻹дһҪôʡǮΪլӡѴ󳬳Ҧ˵ĳеҦ֮£ҵ
Ҧ⻰ʱð亹ھ̰ء֣¹ٲң¹ٲҡլܹѶٶʮ
􏪵ͷã̫֮ͷøҦ˰ɡҦˣǱ㽫պҦ˷ˡ
ҦձȭҾӭǣⶼ¹Ӧġ


65 
ֳɵ, ȥסͿʲôʱᡣ
ӵ􏪾סڰɳ, еļҵڰɳ, Ϥ׽Ҳ, ļҡ
һשһһһľעѪ
е, ҲԽġ
Щǻļ˺ʹ, Լɰµĺǡ
ᵽȥ, ޷Щȥ, ܹ¡
ؼ֮, ֲֻҵ¡
֮Ҳûʲôʱ, ֪ظ, ᲻°ɳ˺£ȥʵɡ
􏪵ӻǰһ, ÿȥ۲¼µˮ, ȥѧϿΡ
̲, ǵ̲, ϵµĵ±׼, , ȥɣټΪӦúǽܵ˼, ƽȡŮԵȣһС¼ԲЩ۵㡣
ٳٲϰңҪǷŲˮѧӡ
ʮһתһЩٶЩ, Ҳˡ
ݵĵִӲֵջ, ĸ¾ջ, ֪ļڻжĲ𣬵Ҳ̫ࡣ
ȻЩӳ뻹Ҫһʱ䣬ջҪˡ
􏪿ǾЩԵеլȥ᲻ðңҲһֱϵꡣ
֮˸Ժˮˮһʰãʹȥˡ
ԴߣѧȴǴߵģҲȫȥ
϶ҪȥģѧӵķһӾȥֻϺһˡ
ϺҲûʱϿˣΪҺ󣬰ɳһоҪиϺˣ÷ǳæ
ߵѧֻܽķǣ􏪾ͦԲǵġ
ҦҲ½űѧӷӵʿӹ̸ͬ
󲿷˵ѧʶ㹻ˣֻƷ˼ʱû
􏪱㽫Լĵ̲øЩ˿ǷԼļ⣬ԼЩ˱ۡʵڲϿһԼļ⡢ʳŲģ˱㲻¼ãӵܡ
ڣеʿӣ˶ʮˣڰɳѧӣʣµĴѧӿѧ֮󣬱ɵȥ
ԺеʯߺȲ裬˹ȥûɾˡ
􏪼΢΢һЦһֱϹæɵҿˣȲ衣
üҵģ
˵ҴվͰᵽȥˣɵǷҲһȥ
ô죡˭Ҫȥ
˵֮塢ɽȥƽҲȥмҲһȥ֮ӴһЩֹӲȥԺү˵ϲסںߣͲȥˡɵҪﻹǸһȥ
豭һڣź˵Ҫѵˮʦᵽ̫಻㡣
˵ƥҲԶҽ˸ɵʰһӣʲôʱסˣסա
áûоܾ
˵ЩɵˡˮʦѵΣ
Ŀǰпɡ
˵Ǿͺáԭһֱиƻڴ⺣̲һͷ㴬ֻͣԱϴ˻ﶼ᷽ࡣ
Щؿɾޣ
˵ȻǰʯͷľջҲС
˵ߵĺ̲̫ǳ̫ľջǻУҲסݶɾˣҪҸˮͣʵѣݳǱһõȻۡ
ǿԽͣǴȥ􏪾ϲ˵
ҡͷڲУǴγ
γγѺ˺̵ܶķˣʣɵңγǲǻѺŲ㵱ĵ֣
һɾ˶£ˡÿʵ۵ǻʱ򣬲Ƕ£ͷЩ֮ɾʱЩְ
ӶЩεЦȥˣ˽һ̷ľͶ˰ɡɵܷЩձˣ
ͨͷŵķ˻ܻΰܹЩձˣһõĺ£ΰˮʦ
ȻҲ˭գü˵Ȼ
¶ظı飺Ҿȥš
˵Ƕ˺ۣûγ
􏪰֣޷ɹˣ̫Ҳ̫Ѳˣɹݱ
죺ɹΣ
ţˮɹɣֱӵõΣȻʱγǲԱҪˡǻءڿԽɹηʵˣʱĲ½Σ⺣ȡ֮ߣܻӰ
ݸɾȻǸƲͯӣﾹ˶֮
Լвү̲סЦɵǲԶˡɵʲôʱٳ
ʵһֱĵģ٣࣬ûʲôˮԼҪôҪô£ҪǮֻ뷨׬Ǯɾָ
˵㽫Щֵܶųһ£һصٳһ˺
Цտ̫ˣͰɵˣ
ҪҵϢܿʹȫ壬Դ˵ǸɾǵĹǣԺˣָ˭
լ̽ﲻ׷׶
ֻøҽͣңļңֻʱסȥˡ
ⲢܰοҶ٣ߣζŴԺ쿴ˣǺҲˡ
˶Ĩᣬеĸˡ˺ͺӿ޵Ϊġ
􏪱ͲðңڴôһޣԽˡ
֮ص磬ҪһԷģҶɥ˵ɾңǺ°ӦΪɾеˡɾֲǲˣᾭҵġпҲȥɾҺɾʱӭ
Ҳǿ԰Ҷ˵㣬ҲܷġӣʲôʱԿɱȥ˺üͷһѺʣ׼ҳԶٸ𷹡
Ĩһ᣺ѾˣԳԷˡ
˵ɽȥưҳƤȣ顣ܻТУƣҪһء
һȻǴ⣬вƣ󲿷˶Եòôˣ뵽ԺҲܺɾôһԷˣͺѸ˵
ΨЩûûεģڳ⣬ϾǸ􏪽Ӵûɶ飬Ҷѣʲôñ˵ġǻвʣôľƲúȣΪͽֹǺȾƣʱþŵϮ
ܶ􏪺֮ƣ߲ܣȻÿֻһڣȵ󣬻ſϡ
֮Ҳ˲٣˶Ͼ˼ƽȫչˡ
һܶ˶ˣԺﶼǶˡ
􏪺ˣɾȥ
֮վö˵Ž􏪲􏪸վɴ􏪵ϥ䣬һѽ˴ᱧ
֮􏪣ͷ˵չ˰ƽ
ƽ˯ˣ屧ţġڽŲ鸡֮Ϊʱᱧˤ֮Ƿǳ˳ؽ˱˷䣬ֱýŽŸˡ
֮􏪷ڴϣץ􏪵ַŽɾȥ㵹ˮԡɡ
Ҫ뿪㱻􏪷ץס֣Ҫߡſǻ
֮ڴߣһָֻɾڣҲߡ
􏪽ϵҲץסȻ˳ƽס֮ǰ


66 ʾ
֮, Ȼ֪Ǻ˲ôģڵϣ􏪽§ڻ
Ƭ̺, ǰһ, Щ, ֿ, 􏪵ͷɾ, ѹ, һ, Ҳ, һֱŵ¡
􏪿޳, Ķȥ
֮Ӧţ, ߡ
ŤƱ˺һֱ􏪵Ŀȥ, ˳ҭ, 󰲾
֮Ӧ˯, 뽫ɺá
˭֪􏪲û˯, һ, 􏪱, ߣֱһ֮ϵԼϡ
, Ҳߡ֮æ˵ţѹϣѹɴ˴, Ա, ˭֪􏪵ֱ۸ǯһ, νס
֮ΪˣҪô˯ţѹ𣬵µСľԼôѹţԱ􏪷˸˯Լϡ
ѹȸжʱûˣſڴϣ֮ļ
֮ҧɾҪҶ
􏪸ͲģԴ˲䣬ʲô̧̧֣ͷʵؿ֮ŬرţƺҪŪô¡
žϢ֮ϣǰӣԼС¹һγ޹Ĵ۾ף̲ס̧֣􏪵
棬ܹ޼û뵽ʵˡ
ץסϵ֣ǰϤĵĿͻȻͷñǼ֮ϲ˲䣬ճһԭʼԱĵΡ
ּ֮ӿ˲٣ס􏪵ĺ󾱣һЩȥֻǳֹû롣
􏪱ͻŪЩ£ɻؿѾ͸˵֮ʶԼĴղʲôе
֮Ĵչȥ˱һ£ζģģе𣬱̲סһ£ȷһ¡
֮Ժһըѿˣ˲ʲôܣס􏪵Ĳӣٴȥ
􏪱ٴסʱһʼе㲻֪룬ܵʸȻػӦ
ĻӦ֮ǡ
􏪵ķλ֮ģ֮ڴڵغʿ
֮§ҲҵشϢţĳҸУּУºˣѣԼȴ£˵¡
􏪱˸УЩ֪ɢȥˣش˸Ƿ֮ļ˯ˡ
峿֮ǱƽĽѵģɾأɾСһ˯һ͵􏪣Ĵŷš
ۣԼ˯˲ԣ˯ŵĵطҲԣæԼ˯֮ϣʱ󾽣⡢ô£
֮ˣһֱû˵ǸΣԸôƣһֱصȴ
ɾȶˣ§Ҳߡѹ㣬˯ϡ
􏪸ϽԲ𣬶ԲҺȶˣƬˡͼǵҹһԷȾƵˣںģȫûӡˣôĶ֪
֮􏪵Ĵҹ£ԥҪҪֱ˵
􏪼Լ˵￩һ£ûƷʲô°ɣ
ʱƽ˳̵ڽƿˣίͰ͵غɾ
􏪸ϽӴƽԱأұҹ˯Ķأ
վ⣬˵ƽҹ˯ġƳһۣĻͰ͵ģǺ¶˯ġ
􏪱ŰƽߣǾ鷳ˡ
֮Ӵ􏪵ıӰЩʧ䣬ôõĻ䣬ֻԼ֪
հң֮ɽûȥӪҲֻˮʦǲһϱ˼٣ҲҪȥլԺҲȥסġ
е􏪴żΨһʽϣսصģǿװεҲܻλ˽С
ٳʱƿ˵𣿡
æ˵ԣɵɡ
ϳ֮Ҳܽȥֻһ˦ޣһݣʹ
ûվȣһܣˤˣһץסűߣ̽ͷɾ㶼һûȾ͸ϳˣɾûȣ
֮û¶ȥˣˡ
ֲһ䣺һûվȣײɾҲðɡ
֮קסָؽڰһЩְοԼҪԼµĹϵ޷ȵġ
ƿ·еļ˺ʹǿջЦһֵ
е׷˺ԶŽٸĿų뿪
􏪵⣬öûջҲû˵
˳ǣӶʼ˷С¼
ƽ䣬һֱﲻ˵ʱȥ􏪵
ӵͯͯ􏪵ӹͷ¼ҷǳҲƯ
˵ɾ¼ֽ𣿡
ڽֱߡ
˷ǲǿС˺͹ˣ
죺Ǯ𣿡
ҶʱήˣûУ´νҰһ㡣
ô˵˵ͷҸÿ˷ͭ壬ȥ档
˵ɾɱϽˣϲ̫ƽǹӡ
˵һ书Ҳ¹ӣ
ܴùʦĴˣһۡ
Ҷʱ˵ˡ
˵Ҳõģûôңʱ򣬾һϽֱáҲƽȥ棬ͦģĵطܶࡣ
¼ڵˣǴӳſڵҶѾĳˡ壬֪֮֮֡
ҽ½ȥլԭ˶ˣе˶ԼģϾ⣬òŵ㡣
ȻסլԣתһȦָߵķ˵Ҿһ䣬ɾûɣ
ڸ􏪰ᶫ֮̽ͷǸҵġ
˵ұأ
֮˵ұǰƽġȥǰԺһ䣬Ǳ߶ǿסġ
֮⣬ǿ䡣
֮ɾΪס˵Ժ
֮˵ɾȻҪʱ̽
ô˵޴ӷˣȥǰҸӰɡ
֮ô˵ԼİԺһӣ֮˵ķҲԺ
˵ҲɾȻҪסɾԱߡ
֮˵ġ͹ɽķ䶼档
ҧزؿ֮
􏪴ԼʣôǶ÷𣿡
֮˵ҶźˡֱӰȥͺá
Ǿͺá֮ˡЦе˵
ֻĬĬתǰԺȥˡ
֮Ȼ􏪸ڵķռˣסǽԼĶҲ􏪵ķ䡣
㲻סҲҪʾȨҽɾзǷ֮˶ڰȫ⡣


67 Ĺ
¼ҷǳ, 㹻ԺҲ㹻ӲûǼҵש߷ʵשɵ, ŴȻǻ˼Ҫö, ǵŴ, 忴
ԺмøߴĹ, , 𻨵ʮһ²ſ, ʱѾ, ׻ƵĻһ, ԺŨĹ㡣
йк, ˵լӵԭҲǸˡ􏪻Ƚլӡ
ƽر𰮹𻨵ζ, ӵϼ˻, Ȼɬáޡֱ, ɵӻΪҲġ
ЦŽɵӱ, Լ˵, , ҡһ, ͷ𻨸ԡ
ƽ˵гԵģϲֱƣҪԸ⡣
Сè, ֪ԡ􏪵˵ıǼ⡣
ǰһ죬Ҧվݷãһɽˮ硣ͬʱģݵɷ͸ڡ
Ҫ, Ȼӹ, Ͳȫ̰ԭɷ, ʵ޸ġ
Ҳ˵ᵽ֮Ҫʽˡ
ŹļҪѧȻڿΣ􏪻ǾȥѧϿΡ
һҪ֧ԼѧӣѧﲻŮѧȥͷʾá
Ȼܶ˼ҵļŮӵܶܽѧԺǲŮӵģҪԼҵĺȥͷ
ѧֻаտγ̣ȥϿΣϰ䣬ڡ
һ磬􏪱żȥѧӱ˳Ҳȥѧӵķӽˮƽ
ѧӾݰѧĵģյĶǳڴ˼ҵӵܣһЩõĸӵܡ
ϲѧģΪÿɲƵÑѣðīֽ⣬˼һСĸ
ؼǣ˼ҺӶҲûг·ԾͲˡ
ͲһˣѧѧѣӦв˼ҵĺѧ
Ҧ֪ʹкˣ􏪻żӹࡣһѧӵĹ¾͹ӭˣ̬Ȼ顣
һ􏪼ˣӣ
ָĸӣĸŮӡ
һΪ˰æտƽǼʲô첹ϸ»ԽСѾͷ
ĸվһţһӡ
סˣɾûŮӡ
˵ԺˡҪѧŮգ°࣬ҲŮѧ
ԥԥȫеӣŮ۸
΢΢һЦҪˣҪѰͬ
ô̲Ҳʱ̶ǣҪǵ˽Щʲô£ǸǺã»ǲ̫ԸŮѧ
˵Ӳõģһչ˺ã۸ġ
˵Ҳǣ
˵˭۸㣬
Цǵͷˣܣ۸ͷˡͯӣͷӾľ̵ˣӡ
޷ֻܾż˽áǼ˵ĵȻ˲Сĺ䶯һŮ̫ͬϡˡ
􏪲û뿪ں
ϴԼʮѧβ룬ʮ꣬СĲ꣬ЩѧĽǲһģ̵Ļϰ༶һģΪӡ
УѾѧ̵ֻ꣬ѧ˼¡
􏪳ʱԼҺϣڿǸõǻ᲻ᱻӰѧϰȡ
ѧϰľѧרעҪȫעܲΧӰ졣
ѧӵķеˣ˼ҲȽϹŰ壬ԭķӣҲû􏪵ԡ
Ҳ㻻˼ת䲻һܳɹģı˵˼ô־ս׼
˰ÿΣ􏪷ԼҺӱֻӶʫһ˸⣬Դһ㣬Ƚûô֡
􏪷ĵشѧӳﱧŰƽͬ»ȥ
뿪ʱ򣬰ƽһػͷѧӣ硢㡣
˵Ҫѧһˡ
ƽŸ첲ָѧӵķ򣺡ѧ
ƽҲҪѧʡ
ƽŬͷš
ԴƽǸúӣ㳤Ҳȥѧƽ֣ڼû棬Ժ֪Ҫįʲôء
忴·ѿǣȥһƽɾɣƽҲֳġ
á􏪱㽫ƽ壬СҺ˲٣жʮˣ˹ֳġ
תӣߵϣ˾Ͷһˣƽ˶ָ࣬ǶҪȥ֡
Ǹְ˶ĵطȥѴ֣ΪźܶĲȫأǲȥ
˵ȥɣʲô¡
ô˵ֻøŹȥˣɾҪ˶ȥվ濴ˡ
߽һԭ˰̯ڽֱգˣˣϷϷͦӵģҲôʣΧ۵˻Χ㡣
һεСӶһľ̳Χ۵ͣһŽµ˵Сúãһү⣬͡
Сϴ˺¶ˣҲ¶ӣϷϷһվɤӳ
ɤݺȣĶʲôӣֻúѾǲԼûˡ
Сӳ꣬Χ۵޲ơ
һͭǮ˵ȥˡ
㳯Ⱥмȥ͡
Χ۵ۣСӳ治
֮ǰǵĽ˽ӻգԺİǲ˲ֹһ㡣
𣿰ﳪ⻹
ȻлݺȡǧġϧɱǧĹٸⴺԺ˵ؾ͸ˣ϶ǽԼҺԺȥ˰ɡǽСӵһСӣҡͷˡ
һԼųȺл˲ţ
忴Ⱥм˵ɾǻذɡ
˵Ȳأȥط
ȥĵطǰ¥ŮӵլӣʵԵ޹ʾͷ¥˹ݣ³ͽܣһҪϽʿˡ
ʵӪƶȣרΪοʿ裬ĳǸ˳οƶȣ޹Ůܾ衣
ȻҲӪ˵ģΪһִˣҲ̲´ڣȻϽʿˣӪ˾ȫȡˡ
ȡˣ˳㽫е¥˹ȫˡϾỷУŮ¥ǺݶԸȥģͶ·ȥġ
ÿԺŽȥŵӴһ϶̽ͷһǺˣ˽լп͡
΢΢һЦϴҦˣ
ϸһԭɾˡۻûϳ
􏪽źʣɻã
ǶܺãԵú˯㣬һﶼɾɾĺأǰѹǾȳ˻ӡ
􏪸ߵ쾮ͣ˽ŲΪڳ裬Ǹ󣬵Ǽתϵÿһë׶ˣúʱֵĻ˵Ƕ䶼ˡ
ȥӣǰڳ裿
Ӵ𣺡ǡɾҲ֪
Цڽ۰ƣû뵽ãһչ
Це˵⼸ãÿնԸ⳪ȥɾ
˵˰бĹó𣿡
ҲУֻôɫˡйõ١ѡġҲ¥ģɫ˥ҲûΪԼ¥ɨЩµúܡ
Ц˵ǱлᴵĹǶɣҽͨɣһ
ǰ˵ɾˣһϽݣ
􏪼Ⱥǵľ״̬ҪǰЩʱöˣԼûд
ΪТУҲûֻÿλﶼһСԼóĲա˵ʵϵġ
ݣ˵вգʹûδϧΪλճڵĽǳһӣԺרΪ˱ݽĿΣ
􏪵Ļ˵꣬Щﶼ˵ˣǰ鿪ʣΪɾ𣿡
ҲǣΪܶˡݵİաʿǣǱݵĶ󡣲Ƿģڹٸܵģٺ»ãֻղ˶ǲ𾴣ұǡ
􏪴һĹţԺרοݳ˷ЩĲգϾҲҪ


68 
ô˵, ǻûи϶Ĵ𸴡
кܶǣϾĳͷ¶, ǻᵣáġҲԼʵͼ
˵Ҳż, , һ, ЩٴҡǷ, Ҿ, ⶼԸġȻ, һϣҶԸȥ, Ҳǰҵæ
Ժ, ſʣɾ, Щ¥Ůӣ
̾ϢԡһЩˡ
С˵Ĳ̫һһΪ¥ŮӸò绨ءЩź
̲סЦ룿ÿ˱Ͳ, ˾ٶͨ˰ˡ
􏪣ɾͺܺÿ
һ, ⻹ǵһ˵ÿ, ˼һЦллҲܺÿ
􏪾ԽǸտ, һ˲, , ɽӢ䡣
ʱ䶼ˡ
ͷûе, װԼûôεĶԻ
˵ȺŮӱݣΣ
˵ÿ˱ݵʱ䲻пɡ
ҾҲ̫ˣڲԹ, ڵǴ֮, ̫ʺ, ΪҪһģҾ÷Ī֪ǷԸæ
¥ŮƽʱΪȡÿˣѧĲٶЩǾڴǰݵģҪġ
Щ㶣ĴٳӣæȭɾңԵȫԸ
رȭ񣺡Ǿˡ
ھѷֽͷݳϵܴ׷􏪲뵽ӣҲǳ˻ӭܹұ˵顣봫ĳ˼룬־ͲĹ±ݡ
ڰɳʱÿϵҹãŮ׶ǽʷʡ
ҲԱдԢֵĴ£˵˵ȥ˵ͷİͷݾ¥լԺǵ̨ͨ취ԼҪ˼롣
½űȻԼд߿⼸˼⣬֮һæд
ϧԼϷģȻд籾Щ¥ŮȥݣЧƱ˵˻ãֻҪһϷ̨ӣʮ˹ۿ
֮ϻʱ򣬱㿴􏪻ڵ·ܱʼ顣ӪڳڣǰᵽסʱͱȴǰҪ˲١
֮ߵߣɾдʲô
􏪼Լдõݸ㿴дΣ
֮ӹȥźһֽſԽԽȣɾдĹ£
˵԰ҴһЩ˵飬Щ¼ȻǽЩ´ȥ
ɾ˼ǣ
˵ͨЩ̻ڰ
֮ȭ񣺡ɾš
ЦʲôʵӰټйѧǵ˼봫ȥҲƵʽǴĶˣҴĶΪһЩƷضҴĶ󡣡
취ãɾ˼Ͷȥˡ֮ʮͬ
ЦҪæҲдһЩ°ɣֱӾʷʡһ˵ˣϤЩ£֮ȥ
ʷҲԣܰɾдһЩ֮ԾԾԡ
Ȼٺòˡע⾡ﻯһЩΪĶǲͨīİա
á
˵֯¥Ůӱݵ֮˵ãЩһ롣
պ󣬾ˣͷһﷸˡ
ȥγˣʱٶ֣һֵսУһЩٸͷһЩΪ̷ûͷţųİٶˡ
ЩĺΪѾɱͷû뵽󵱼ҾȻ˾ˣóͷأѾݵˮʦ죬һӯ
˵ҶԲǣûӪȴҳѾ죬Ҳǹʵ۵ĵֵ̣ǲͻңպ󶨽ǹʵ
ﺣγԾ˿ͷ˵ھȥЩȫɱˣһڶ
æ˵ҲؼЩа취ʰԸˮʦģվ͸ߣһжҵİšԸģҲھ뿪Ǵӽ󣬲ݵҰǸΪУҲκ档
ô˵ΪһǶҵ£Щ˾ʹûӹָӣһҪʰ÷
ô˵֮󣬾󲿷˻ѡֻмѡؼҡ
һЩмҵģֻΪĳЩԭ򱻹ٸȵòòɽݻ˻ʵۣǰ׷ˣȻܹؼˡ
Щģܶ඼ˣ˵ڻزȥȥˣҲǵعٸͨĶˮʦõѡ
˺ձ࣬ɽҲձһ֣Լҡ
ˮʦĹģѾˣȻ٣ٿʹЩֻˡ
뼸Эһʮ£ƶбҰ¸ϰסŮԡ䰮ΪơȰѧ˼롣
˵ˣӰɳѡΪɳ˻ʶ֣ҲϽʷʣһģѧ
һѡʮ˽ѵҵˣôȥݸĴӽ˵ݡһ˵飬Ժɢȫݡ
˼̻ȻҪҪĻʻֻаյĶˣϴůˣŻעرķ档νʵ֪ڡ
һũ߷ַȥԤһеİնԸũߡ
︳ˣũߵӾ൱︳ûЧȴˣܽʡʱɱѳأô׬
ԹٸַũǼܻӭġ
ȥصˮ޽ԼҲȥٽĴ俴ˣ󲿷ֵطˮ趼û޵ɳôơ
ʵⲢ⣬Ѧֻ´ˮÿֻɷũߣ㹤ˮЧʿ֪
ũ߷ַȥٴΰ䷢ˮ޽ЧӦû߶ˡ
һߵõ˻ӦʵҲԸˮģϾԼȫ¡
ԼͲʦľʦһʱ䣬ѾʮͲѾ൱ḻˡ
􏪸һ񣬾ܶͽܣƹͲΪͲܹȣףԽųͶ
ͲȻȱǮ􏪱ʳǮķӣҾ̯һЩףٸɹٸǮʦ޽Ͳ
һʱ䣬ݳһİԸоĺر࣬︳޽ѧӣַַũߣֿʼˮˡ
˵ٸҪͲǶԹȣףҹͣЪ
ٸЩ¡


69 
ҶŬӦ», Һ˵Ĵģᵽµط, мҲӦˡǵӦʱҪһЩ
􏪵ĵûд, ѧĺȷʵһûӦѧ, Ϊӽڵݲһҽ̷Ҳһ
ֹһұԹ˵ֻ˶, Ըе˼, һ, ӱ˵ٱԼʱˣ⣬˵Ĵ
ûʦ, ԭҲû, ̫Ƕ֪޲޲С̫û͸
ԼĽ̷Ҳ˵Ͼÿ˶鱾ǲһ, Ⲣʺеѧп̹е, Ŭȥ˼, , ԼһӶᶮˡ
˵ȶŰɣвģǱ˴˼Ի, Ҽ˼档ʵ޷, ҡѧû۸ɣ
Ǽ˻һ, 􏪿ˣ۸ǣ
˵׼ȷ˵, ۸ˡ
Сæ˵ɾ, ۸ȵģҺ󣬻öҺͷ
ʣû˴򻵰ɣ
æ˵ûûУǶרĵط
ǾСѵˣҪˣȻǻҽҩѡǲ۸ˣ˭۸ǣ۸ȥˡ˵
ĻǰƽֻдҪ􏪵İȫܴȥҽַС档
ҲûүСԸ􏪴Сڳٽ˴
ԺеĹϸСһ˸ǧÿյ档
СһļįһʱǲˣڸֻϰտΣ绹ܻ
􏪳˰ɹγ£ĵľǻ԰Ŀˡ
ڻ԰ڵʵףϾѾʵˡǷˮҲʺˮΪ֣Ѳǻ۵ũ񲮲
æũָǿں˵ڳˮˡ
Ȼ˵ۣǽˡֵĺ࣬ڳŵ϶ʡˣڳصȥٽϡ
ﵽԹ˰µʱ䡣
􏪿Ժ͵ĺ磬ͱ̹Ȼϲֵˡ
̫֮ΪʲôˮôȳԼ˵ȽһˮߣԺƹ㡣
֪֮ĳΪ˰գȻ֧ڡ
֮֮ͬȥһ¥ŮӾסԺӣѯʽ
ձݲյŮӴ󲿷ֶԸμݰӣܹʮˡ
Ϊٸ˵ˣٵ꿪֮ǾͲܼסҪ°ȥԸ˵ģͰ˵ýˣԸ˵ģᰲŸɻ֮ܶÿԼ˫ֳԷ
ЩŮ˶Ĳ˵ˣ˵˽쳣͸ԶԼһ²ôԡ
һδı治֪ϸˣ翿Լ˫ֳԷݼδҲһֳ·ٸᷢٺ»ɾ˵ˣղ˶ǲأԸɾ
􏪶ǳ⣬й˵λɾǵĿţʲôıץʱѵȡԪܾһݡ¾ͽˡ
Щ£ԭԼҪĿҪѵζţԺҪŮ˴򽻵ˣʵ̫⡣
֮ǰѾӦˣֲܷڣֻ˵ְ
˵ǸݰɣǴµĻͽŰɡϣλܹŷΪҴȥĻֺЦ
˿˵ʲôζϲǰŪһѣû뵽ͰԼƵز
Լеܣʵߣ븺ʲôš
Ȼƺܰ£ʧҪɼ⡣
ÿնҪǱܣŸıĿ
ܿ췢֣ƺҲΪ˳ظʾ㱨
հ֮У􏪺ڰǰддԴ찤һˣ̲סһɤӡ
̧ͷʱЦ֮ˡ
֮Ƴһڿʲô
һ㣬˵ұһĿɾθġ
֮˵ʲôĿҿ
􏪽ֽݸ֮֮һۣ˵̤ӣƵǰ磬ݳŮӣǲǲ̫ʣ
Ц˵ҸĵģΪһԱᳪǻЧӦǳ
ɾĴʹȻƷǷֽ֮Żȥ
˵ȥϴ׼ԷˣкóԵġ
֮˵á۾
Ƭ̣ԾվˣɾʲôֱдϾС
֮߿ıӰá
􏪽ֽѹãվ㿴ʲôأϽȥϴϾͳԷˣ͵ˡ
֮عá
ƽһػƹ֣һ߿һ£ɾ֡
􏪼СһʱĵЦ߹ȥСһﱧϡСèֶˣ֮͵ˣ㣬ȹȥˡ
Ҳáˣһ磬Ϻ͹ˣ˵˲ٲˡ
ЩӺ߲ºܶջˣܲˡܾݴݫġƹϵȣװһ𡣳֮⣬˺Щ⡢⡢Ѽ⡢ʺͶƷ
Ϻ黹ʲôʱشȥҶ􏪴ӦԪȥ
֮ϴҶѾˡֽյķкܴĲͬϰڵľȻ⣬ÿ˵ϯλһ̿ĺС¯¯Ϸһڷɰ
֮ʲô
Це˵
Իͭġ􏪲ûǮͭɱصöࡣԼҤС¯ӺɰԼҤճģʡǮֺá
ÿһС¯һɰǼѼģ˸ɱȥޱȣ඼гɱƬС飬иɫδ߲ˣʲôԼӡ
􏪵ҵĲһܳԻ磬ԼŪ˸ɰףֻ̲߲˺ͶƷ
Цеض豭ˣرķʽףһ¡ԲƣҺúúȾˡ⣬ʲôԼ¡Ըʡ
̳һЩܲ˷ŽʱԶһ㣬ɫ˾ܳˣ̫þͲˡ
֮һ􏪵ĹӣɾԵʲô
Ц˵һùңԼ԰ɡ
ҵһôԣ̽ŽŽɰɫһڣҪ̵Լͷ
Ĵָ̫óˣ
˳Թ󣬷׷׵ͷ޲ѡ
ƽ􏪻УűͶιҳԵ㣬ˮˡ
Ц˵ƽιɡ
ƽҡͷҪ̲֡ס۰Ͱ͵ؿ֮Ĺ
􏪹Цһʳ֮ŵ㣬˱гٸԣ
ʣɾĳԷ뵽ģ
˵ⲻ뵽ģκ顷бмأĵʱڱлˡû𣿡
һЦǻûСɾǲѧš
ЦеģԳԵģұȽ⡣ʳΪ죬ΪֻðճԱԺãŲʧΪһλɹľǧⶼйͳΪ֮ܶĿ꣬˵򵥣ʵ̫ˣԱҲף˵Ժˡ
֮ƽιһ⣬Ťͷһۡ
ͷɾ֮
ٷҳԵ㣬ҲԵú⣬ѾܾûԹô߲ˣ̫ϲܾݴúóԵòС
Ψһź˵㣬ǰô֣˵ԪǱشȥꡣ
˵Ҫȥ꣬˷ܵû
ǵԪգȴ߲Ϊռǵݵˡ


70 ӽ
ÿһˮǲһ, 􏪶ԺĴ󲿷ˮָƣⲢЩԭʼֻ֣һ, Щˮϰԡ
û⼸ˮͬʱ, ͬʱ, ζŲܽӽ顣
ܲݵռǵڲ, ǰֻһ졣ʱΪһҵˮ˵, Ӱ􏪵ӽ顣
̶ʱ, һҲ˷ѣȡ˻شļƻȻ϶ôʧΪӽˮ, Ҳ˲ôˡ
ȥ, ֮ȻҲߡ
ԥ􏪵Ȱ˵»شȥˣ֪һˡ
ұĬ˻ȥ, ˲ԪԼ, Һò׷˼ռ, ܲȥء
􏪲, 弸ȻҲߡ⣬Ҫڰɳ׳ݳôܹ
ڲܿݳ, еź, 뿴ݳЧͷء
, ʲôûӽˮҪ
ˮů, ǻ, ҪȽϸߵ¶ȣЩñȽů􏪹ӦѾ˶·ݣݰ¶Ӧʮңˮ˵¶ȡ
ÿ춼תƣݵռǵһգڽصȴռǵ
֮ЪϢˣҹΪ̫˽ݽʿսˮƽ͵tͻȻԣͻȻɱǰЩڲıȫסһɱȥ
صУ֮ŷħһ㣬ÿ𴲵һ¾ȥ߿ˮ
˳Էޣһŷ²ܣðƽţȥ档
ͶҲñȥաҦݷãҲ߼ġ
ͣʼ􏪱϶ң°һˮһվǰ죬þöŲѣͷ֪æʲô֪ĻΪ˸ˡ
֮ɾôˣ̫̫ˣϽ
ͷҲ̧ûϵæ㲻ùҡ
һĥļ֣Ҫĸϵӱϲȥĸԭеۻҩ
ΪˮԻڷۣۻԻڷۣҲûӽļֵ
ĸȥ֮󣬱ֽϣԷΧۻڷۡ
ҲѡҪģڿǰٽӱǼǲܼȥۻҩֻû۱¶ˮУ̫һգ۾ͻɢȵʱ֣ɢʢʱ䣬𸸱ڵѾȥ۵ĸϣʵ˹ڷۡ
ڷϣȻôϣȫڷɣժֽסΪ˷ֹĸͬۻۣ֤ӽĴԡ
Щ飬Ƕٴܽ飬ڵʱȫ췽ҹ̷¡
֮﹡ϣһճĵ룬һСĵؼӱǣ̲סʣɾúõĵôҪ
ﶯͣŪӽˮ
֮ˣӽˮʲô
ǽͬˮӽڷۣܳʲôˮ˵
֮􏪣еʮİɾε֪Щģ
ĶͣƬ̣Ťͷ֮˵Ҳ֪εʱܵԡ
֮Ȼǲ̫˵ģΪ¶񲢲ηǶʮֲΪȻͻȻԸ
֮˵ЩΪʲô
֪Щɻ첻ȥģӽˮ£Ϊ̫רҵϸ£˵»а취Ǵпģǲܳڵ鱾еġ
˵ӱǣۻ۱¶һڷۡ
֮ͷˮӱ֪ۻʲôڷʲô˵ԽԽˡ
һ˵֮ҪңͲҪˡ
֮˴􏪡
Щ죬ļЩˣӱǣͣ̾˿Щ£ڻҪ˵İɡ
򴽣̧ͷͷ̫λã˵Щһʱ˵æٸ˵ɡ
ֵͷѸټӱǣǶþԲǸһܴﵽġ
֮ȭͷ􏪲˵ĵĲͬؾϵһī֭ȾԽԽ
ܳʱõ±仯ܴǳźõķıģûйȥᡣգʶԼҪһδ֪ĺӣĻֲ֪̿⵽Ǻ»ǻ¡
􏪽һռǵӱǣߵˮУɢּۡһҪģӱǡ
֮㿴ˮһ£޽ѾʪǼⴽܵĺ飬ҲȻ
ĵ£üİòϣɢһֶĿݣֻȻҵ״̬·ʥΰ¡
֮Ը􏪣㰲һԣżϸµĻ
˺һ֮һѼʣɾҪҰ𣿡
􏪻عðһ£Ǽҩˣûˡûĵ֮
֮˺üΣҵţ¿ż򵥣ףο˭뵽취ˮڷأֱδšĵ£Ͼʲôܣ
֮ЩңȻ¾ֿɼԱߣȴ޶ԼǳǳԶ
ּһ룬쳤ӿ˿ˮвŵĸɢ״ͷۿͷ̫վ˵Ҽɣ˻ͲҪˣҪûġ
ˮеһ룬ͿѾӱǵĸϡ
æ磬􏪲һѺ˵ˣЩѾˣû˹ڷˣŪɡ
ռǵݵĸսߵһ£󿴿ӽʽá
ҪȶӽˮƷ֣Ҫ߰˴һĵطŪӽˮҲҪʱ䡣
ٽӽˮƹ㿪ҲҪ嵽ʮҡʱܳ෢չʷӱֻת˲ѣ􏪾ֵһ죬ǶӣΪԷ
ϣõ޵Ҳܸͬһʱ俪Լͻʡϲʱ䡣
һǳγԣӽҪһֲˣƺòʱ䡣
֮󣬿ŲϣȳϸСϻմ࣬˵ɾϴŰɡ
􏪿һ£á
ߵˮߣ֮ˮдһͰˮϴš
æ˵Լ
֮ûˮϽϵϴøɸɾˣɾ
ŵ˵лл
֮ʣµˮԼϴѣֱɾǲлͬ˵
ʱƽɾɾ߷
һͷƽСȣԼɿ岻ظں棺ܡ
Ц߰ɣԷȥͷٸ˵סܵԼǰİƽȥֽסðƽֱЦ
֮΢΢̾˿˵ʧ仹˿


71 ̹
չ, ϺһѲϲ߲˺ͶƷһ⣬ֻ, ѼϺȡ
, ǼгԷ˺, ô˸Բ꣬ɲ̫ʺϴࡣ
􏪽гｫҪԵ, ʣµĶгɴ, , Ȼ͹ըըͷ֮ⷨǰĴԱùܴϺһ󲻻ỵ
Ҫ˵Ķ, Ψ㲻̫, ûбر׻ÿг⣬Ҳδܳʵ, ȵʱⲻϾͻˡ
컹ǲص, ⻹ܱʵϡ
, Ϊζԡ
ǼƽʱҲȱ, ڻǸʢһЩ԰ƽҲϲڡ
ûɶΪڻի, Ѿаû, ǵˡ
Ǽ͵, ջ, ˼ҳ, ҲǼҳˡָ˲٣ѾճӲˡ
Ҳ߲ܽ˶ԵϿζģԼ֡
磬􏪱ԼŪ˸˿ݫ˿ƹ˿ľ˿֭͡ءޤĩͽ裬ʮˬɿڡ
ʾ􏪵޽ϺϽġ
ⲻİƽ˲٣Сһر𰮳Իƹϣȫǰѻƹϵˮԡ
׻ˮ̫ѷˣٵȼ꣬ˮܷḻˣᡢѡʯݩ
극􏪱ȥæ׼ҹ
ֻһƽʱʮ˵ķǿԵģҹҪЩ»ˮƽǷȱЩ
ڳæʱ֮ڴ⿴񡣵´С󣬴δŷĺܶˣڹгǶδԵ
֪ô˵أѵǴϿģԼ޻̸ĵΪδǰδ
֮ŬڹеЩӣԽԽľ
Դ֮󣬾һĴǰС΢Ը񣬱ùҶţηѣڳԣ֣ܶԼ£ˡ
ԭΪǵ̼ܵһӿϣڳɳˡ
ɳֱ̥ǣһϦ֮䣬þˡ
֮æµ􏪣ȥ룬е㲻ȥǸˡת뿪˳
ŰƽڵǧСһ˷ܵÿֱЦ֮û㺢棬鷿
􏪵İϰڷһЩֽɵţèСһЩƬ;֮һ£Ǵʲôߣ
Ա߻һпȿƤȿѾˣƤʲô֮˿ַ˻ȥ
ָｫװǽϣӳˣ⡢ǴŹǡм֮ĳﶼæˡ
ƽϽǧɾɾƣ
ЦˣżȥӦƽƣСһԺãһֱء
ƽǳԣ˵鷿Ͳ鷿һֱ􏪡
􏪱ŰƽݣƽҶϵĶŶ֮Ҳڣ
֮ڿ޸ĵ飺æˣ
Це˵ҹһѹˣҲܻش壬ꡣ
֮ɾԼֲԣôʲôǵĲԽʢͳĵԽ
ҲǿԳ԰􏪽ƽһӸƽƽ淭Ҹߡ
ƽӹӣϣʼһ򵥵Ϸ􏪹档
ƽģط£Ȼ֮
֮Σֻýһ˷Ϸ
􏪱ڰǰʼơСʱֹҵû뵽óˡ
վ⣬һ򵥵Ϸ΢΢ת棬λɾرˣԺģԽȷѡ
ԣڽˡֽţèת污ľϡ
Ҳ˼µ÷գȫ֮֡
ƽ˷ֱ֣ܵƣƣ
􏪹Цơˣٿÿ
ָƽһյӵƣСƤϿϡƽ֡ĸ֣һ̶̵֧򣬾ͳһյӵ
ƽϲáءУӵƵȥҫˡ
ں溰ˣ컹ûأҪ˷ˡ
һͷ㿴֮Լ֪˶ãЩ˼ôж
֮˵Ҳ֪ԭɾôɡ
ɫ̾˿˵ұΪһصһ졣ڿסˡ
ֱ֮壬ͷЩʲôܣ
Ҹǰʲô仯
֮˫ճȭͷһЩɾȴǰҪ࣬Ҳܸ˲١
򴽣֮Ҳʶĵ£
֮ȭͷ΢΢Ҫ˵Ц㲻ǵ£˭
ͷŷĵ³ϦദСһ𳤴ѵûֲ𣿡
֮˴˵ûֻ֣ǲԸȥˡ
˵Բôһֱƭ㡣Ҳĵ¡
֮ץס􏪵˫磺˭Ҽҵأ
􏪿ż֮˵ԭˣӦѾˣ֪ΪΣҵĻҵµڡҲ֪ĵȥˣʱͿ˵ѪС
֮۾Ѿˣ촽ţò૵˵˼ǣҼҵѾɢˣ
􏪱һۣġԲҲ֪Ϊʲô̫˼ûҸ˵ƭôá
֮ɿ֣ʹԺһҪػĵѾˣΪʲôûܾµ֮˫ȭ޺޵ϴȥŭһt
ŭһûм裬ֻǴǶܿ죬ϱ̲ˮա
ڿޣ􏪵ķ·˭һѣ쳣ܣСؽһ֮
֮ûжάƣ·˵ܡ
ҲûһֱţԺޱ߼ʵڤС
ӵƵİƽȥɾ߷
􏪻عŶáԭɫѾˡ
֮֮ǰǸϵˮѾһ̲̽ź֮óԷˡ
֮ûлش𣬰ƽû뷭żæ˵Ǿˣƽȥ
زղԣϽŰƽˡ
̧֣֮ϣ֮Ҫڰ
֮ͻȻһѽ􏪱ס££Բ𣬶Բ𣡡ŨŨĿǻĶˡ
ıⲻ㣬ģѾˡ飬һԹġ
֮˵ܣûܱõ£һt±𡣡
˵ӳ顣óˣҶڵء
֮صʵɿ􏪣ǰˣֱ۾֪ʲôȥ􏪣Ϊʲôַᷢ˼֮أ


72 Ԫ
ҹǳʢζ, ǳԵζĺֻаƽ
Ҷ􏪺֮ԣϸ֮һ˿ϲɫû, Ȧе, ҲЦúǿ
˶ڲԹɫ, Ҵ˵ûкڳԾ, ҹԵóޱȡ
ҶƽûѧԹɫ􏪺֮ȥҪ, ڵգٷû˸
֮ûô, Ҫڸƽι
Ҳʳ֪ζҳ˼, ͵ȥԵ֮Ȼûʲô, ɢһƲסıˡɵЩ, ڽӸµ, ҲҪɡ
ע⵽ϯͣ磬ǶǶ, ֻڵԼɢϯӻ֣Ǿ߰, ؽôء
ǻԺǶ׷׳˱, ȥ, ֻʣ͹ɽû
˵ƽ, Ա𣿳ԱҴȥ档
ƽﻹһڷ, ˵ˡ
˵˾ȥӵưɡ
ƽԼߣϽˡ
͹ɽŰƽˣֻʣ􏪺֮
􏪿֮ķˣ˱ƽЩûô̲סȰ˵֮Եɡ֪֮ϰ֮ˣʳȳҪ
֮ҡͷ¿ӣƱϻһֵ˵ڶ
􏪽ֱִϣ֪ܣ£ǶΪԣϣҴûгֹ
֮Ťͷ㾿˭
̾ܣ˵²ʺ˵ط˵ɡ
֮ĬĬظ͵ֻص鷿Ѿ˽ƵˣλƵĵڷճһƬů
߹Ҳ􏪣ĵͬһ޷ңԶʱգྶͥԭһоӽˮоԱտģҵıְ
֮૵˵ѹ֡õְ취̫˼Ͳһ뵽ġ
ڸˣΪζԳƵûκȤΪǸԭȥԶֿ̯Ц
֮Բ𣬰ƵһҲȴֻ鷳ǰˡ
􏪼ЦҺҲ·ˡ˭ԭ̫أtǲŹǵģѾʵĴ
֮ͷ׾ͺãһǻػһػ㡣
ô˵ˣ􏪻Ǿ֮Լ̬ȱù
˯ʱ֤ʵˡ
֮һϴˮϴص䣬֮ȴڡ
֮ڣƽҲڣԼյƣȥ鷿ƣҲڡ
ת֮վſڣ˵Ʊõ巿ȥˣӽ𣬰ƽ㻤ɡ
գգۣ֮Ŷá
˻ص䣬֮ӴץԼͷ˵ҵȥ˯ɾЪϢºһͺã
򴽣⳪һ֪Լĵ£ԸԼһ˯ˣƽˡ
ðɡҲû˵ʲôЬ齡
֮˵ƣһƬŨĺҹ֮С
ⱾһѰҹѾ֪ûϨ˯ˣ֮һѹȸУ·еĺڰгѹ˹ѹ
ط˸סͷԼĬϨ˯Žŵ˯ʺطڡһִӱܣʡ
􏪱۾ʼţ˺ӵĿ䣬ǰƽڿޣ
ԽԽȷʵǰƽڿޡ􏪱Ӵҵľ촩ϡȻûеƣӦڰ֮󣬱Ҳܴ±ȫݵſڣ򿪷š
ԺĹ߱ڵĸһЩΪķ仹ŵƣ֮ķҲû
ߵķ⣬ţƽƽڿ𣿡
ܿͽŴˣɾƽ𣿡ƽŤŤȥ
ʣƽôˣ
ƽϽתſֱۣίͰ͵ؽУɾ
ֱƽޣɾ
ƽһ߳ҭһ˵Ҫɾ˯
ε˵ƽԸ˯Ҫɾ˭ɾ˵Ժչܴɾ˯ߡ
޷Ǹ˯ɡ􏪱ŰƽԼݡ
У֮ûųһ
ƽص􏪷󣬾ֹͣ˿ҭҭ􏪱Уץס􏪵·ֱߡ
ıŶ˯
ƽ˯ߣ􏪷֣ûеƣҲղޱѹˣոɻˣܿϮԺУţֻҪҹǵƽС
Ǻܲңûиƽľ飬֮ҹģԺ⣬ƽˡ
ƽһ򴲣􏪾ˣ̫ˣѾʪˡ
􏪾ɥε̾СӣͲԼһǿҲðʪıӡ·ȫӵ¡
ţɾƽðˡ֮
􏪹ŽȥţˣѾˡ
֮е㷴壬˵ɾֱʪˣ
ڻصߣƽʪϯҲϣɲ͸ƵģһкǧСͰ
֮ﱧƽȥҷ˯ɣҸɾˮϴһϴ
ʱ·ݣֵ˵ƽʱ򣬾ֱһģһ
ͬǣƽ˲٣Щ
֮ϣԲ𣬴ҹ㡣
֮˵Բûźáտʼƽһ˯ɡ
֮⣬ҪԼ˯
􏪴˸ǷƽԸ㣬Ȼԡ
аƽ֮˯ߣ􏪺ܿ˯ˡ
֮ٴγҹߣô¿ȴе㲻ңŪԼԸ⿿ǵ£ǰˡ
ĵ£ǻţѾ뿪ˣţΪȴסһ˵꣬뿪ˣΪʲôôʻ
ڵˣָʲôԨԴأܲԵ޹ʳְɣδš
ֻǵΪˣͷԲңԼһݣ
֮ԺһƬ磬֪䵽ôˡеȥ̸ʵף˭ֻҪĵ¾С
ȻѾҿҲǲȥˡ
Ԫգˬ֮Ѿˣڸƽϴ
􏪿֮ĺȦһû˯Ҳװ֪ƽƨɣƽԣ򴲡
ƽϽܹױø􏪣ɾױƽԣ򴲡
􏪿ôɰСһ̲סͷһ£Сͷ֪¸ңξԭˣû´ΰ
ţû´Ρƽɵصͷ
֮˵˻ݷɾҲˣɾץʱϴ¡
˸ϣ
ϴϣ˳˱ﲻ
􏪽Ӵۿ̫Ѿˣ£Ͼѣɻȥˡˮޣһ죬Ҫٶӽӡ
Ǵ˸Ϲʱ򣬶﹡ϸ􏪰ʺá
֮æµ􏪣Ԫջľ֮£Ҳֻһ˰ɡ


73 
, ݳŻ˵ɳݳЧȻԤڵ, 쳣˻ӭ
ڰɳѧ̨, һǸǱݵģһǸˮʦǱݵ, ΧٴӵҲѶ˹, ѧΧˮйͨ
вˮʦ̨ͭǮ͡
􏪶Թ˵ԺµýֹԱǶйǮ轫ʿǳǮ
ΪȻԼԸ, кβɣ
􏪽ͣЩŮӳ΢ǰǿ˴Ͷ, ڸţȴǰһ, ǵܵ˺ǻǰҲ仯, ɱ˿ᡣнʿܻΪԭ֮, Ͽֻ֮¡ҪԼһ¡
Ȼ, ϣðɣһȥѵһǡ
ɵңЩˮʦʿɻ̣ܽʡ
Ȼ, вģ޵˵
˵ߵӪ, ˮʦǱܰᵽ˴ݳǽ, ɵұסڳСΪɵҹһլ, ԺڳаҰɡ
˵, ҹ¼ҹ˵, һҲûݣҪլ߲еķ𣬵ʱҰᵽס
ЦˣֻҪɵҲ⣬סɡʱΪǼʽΰɣˮʦˣǽɵңԵһӷ
üʱɾҪɽ
ݸɽɵҺ
˵ƣɾֱӻҵ֡
һ㶣ȻЦǹˡ
ŴϵȽϺõͬǻ໽֡ʵ􏪳һֲ֣̫ʣ􏪵࣬Ҳûʲô
Ȼѹ˵ɾʱ
̧ۣʲô
˵յϢѾԥбڲʳݵ̡
˵һ£֮Ҳߵ⣬Լ˵ȥʦ˵
Ժ㰢ƽļ⻰Ͻܳȥˡ
֮ڽӼλУξԱ˹Ų˵ЦĵĶǲ˹ļš
˵һЩ˹Ϊȱˮϴ裬ΪڸζͿĨֳЦϵţЦֲ֧
֮״ĵ׷һŨŨ⣬ܿ˦˦ͷԼȥָоһ߽߹ɾң
􏪺òֹסЦŶ˵ƽߵϢ֮ͬ˵˵
֮ơ֣ɵšüͷ
һɤӣߵ˵ˡ
˵֮кο
֮üһᣬ˵ԥݵıǶ֣ζһսǸܵУҪ¾ݣԼ·
􏪵ͷȷˡҲθڲǾݣݡǵطŵƣһ򵱹Ī񺺴µĻʯǸȻֻ֡ҪռݣtҲĪκˡ
֮صͷ˵Գ͢ǲȡݵġ
ǡ􏪵ͷŤͷ֮͢жٱ
֮˵ڽҵʱԥݵıԼ⼸Ӧ˲ٱؼʮ͢ԭʮݿЩ٣ȥܵıܵıӦжʮҡ
ʣݹжٱ
֮˵ϸݼ
üôôˣ
ݶֹһֹң͢رء֮͡
˸ۣԭءҲ˵ݳ͢ɹݵıǰѹ
ǡҲ􏪲ԭtֻҪû㲻ѹֻɱ
СӦǴѹƾ⼸ǧѻʯ
֮˵֮ڣ͢һս
ʣΪ͢˭Ӯ͢㣬ҾӮĻ󡣵͢һѡ࣬Ϊ㶪ԥݣֻҪҲ´ˡ
֮ףɵ˵ûĿǰûгƵ۵Ĵ㣬ֻ
˵͢ǲȡݵģݶףҪˡץסһлὫ֮⣬Ǿó͢ô
֮̾˿ҵtǵһθɣɵġ
􏪵˵ͷʾͬ⡣
􏪣ֿ֮ǵ˼ǣֺֿ͢϶װ׳ǻðءǣ䵽ôԼֵܣظø֣ǾǱ尡ô£ʵҲɣ
֮ľ˵Ѿɹһˡ
̲סӣôڴĽǿɾĽ
􏪵ǴûйԼľֻǺ߽ͬİգн˵Ĵͳĺ岻֪¾˶١
tԸ޺գҲҪ켺ʵ˲ݡ
²ûȥֹµķ֮Ǽз׳
˵ʵҵҲδȫǻ£˵ǻᡣ
ȷʵҪϣֻбңǲֻǿЩ޹İա
ûлȥֱޡ
鷿бҹ̸˵ĶǸصķͼţ̸÷ǳͶ
ѵпգԸ⳨ϻ죬ʶ㣬Ȼġ
ȥָأͼˡ
ĵͶ֮ſֵİƽվ鷿ſڣޱ˵ɾƽҪ㡣
􏪾ȵŤͷǣ˯𣿡
֮û˵
ƽŸ첲ɾ޵öðˡ
􏪿СʵĲֻ̣ö˵ƣվĵɣ»ġȥ尢ƽ˯
üվ˸УɫҲˣҲЪˡ
􏪱Ϊӽ𣬾Ҫ˯ˡû뵽Ϊƽһֻص˴ǰ
˵ʲôо˯Աߣȷʵ˯һЩ
һæ죬ۼˮڶȥˣŲæ
м˼æЧʸ˲٣ѧֲĺ֣ڼӱȫСһ¡
ӽˮ֮􏪿ʼЩȳ¥ŮӡȥŵʮˣʮԸؼңжʮԸˣϾŮӣ˼ˣƺĳ·
˵ŮӶȥˣ׵ĶˮʦĽʿֻвŮӳ˲׵ʸ
Ȼ󲿷˶¥Ůӵĳ⣬ҲȢ޵˲⣬ϾȢϱԺܶ൥˵Ǽ׵¡
ЩԸ˵Ů˵ڳǰз棬һѡȨʱǳϲɾⰲǡ
ʣ»дŮӶԸȴ􏪰Żƣǲˣ̫Ĺǣȹһ¡
􏪱㽫ŮӶ͵˰ɳ壬ΪôҶиڣǵסûͬ֯߷ԭĹһȻҲͬ¡
ѧ˼ܣܸɻˣƾ˫Լˡ


74 Ů
˵ƫǺѴƵ, ʧŮӻعᣬһҼḶֻ́ǵһ
Ҳ԰ЩŮ, ǳڶ􏪵ĳ, ȻǲһС
飬Ҳ˽˵ǰЩŮ, ҵЩŮӵ˵
ΪɳŮӵλ̧˲٣԰ɳĻЩطʧŮ˵, õġ
􏪻ǻʱջЩŮ빤״̬, ľ
ֻ˰ɳ壬ȥ֯߷֯ŮǶϰĲкܶ඼ǴС¥, δɹ, Ҫȴ򵥵ѧ
ȥջĲ˿Ѿʣ಻ˣò֯
ֱ߳ӾϹֽɡ, Ѷȶ
ע⵽󲿷Ůľ״̬ȻҲСŮȻû
􏪱Ϻ飺ûеЩ̸ǷԵµĹ⣿
Ϻ΢΢ףм̫⡣һһĹ˵ûѧֻѧ廭
һԴôˡȥͳһ, жŮǶģǼ򵥵ʶ, ͨīġ˭, ҲѡܴСˡ
Ϻ鿴􏪣ɾ˼ǣ
˵ôϵ, Ϊõ˲ţЩŮͨīȻҲܰżҪİֲͽˣ
Ϻε˵Ǹ֣
˵жŮʷֻҪвܣŮҲʤӵĹ
ΪŮԵԵͣŴŮԹѹȣ֪û˶š
Ϻ˵ҵǾǵĲֻܲɩ
ԣȻˣ˵Ȼ㲻£ǾȥɣǱҲӣҪġ
Ϻ˵Ǻãȥ¡
˵жģ幤Ҫ˷˲Ÿɡ
á
˴صУԺ̨һλǵӣǻϽɾϹܼҡ
ϳĵ𣿡
һݣܺأڴϣƵģƢԽˡɾ˵ô찡
üͷšˣȥҽ˲ٴȻûʲôЧʱִ̫٣Ҳܸûҽ
֮􏪲һʹ˷ѺʧѣҲʹԸչˣǻȥչˡʱļ˶ʾԸչˡ
ȽɡϺк㽫
Ϻ˵ɾѾͷһι߿ˣΪҪǮ
˵һԸ𣿡
԰ôǮŹ˶ãܶ㻨ˣҪôڱĵطˡϺü
˵ҽûˣ˳ȥɡ
Թ緹ȥɡϺ˵
􏪿˿ɫȥٻ緹
ϺͷУһȥɡ
ǳ׼һȥȴүӵۣǲְǮˣ
ŲӣϹ˵ûС
ûУôȥĶˣүʡ
˲ʱ׹ôˣ˵үǴȥ忴㣬ȥȥ
ȥҶ챻СӸˣô̯ôү޺޵ضš
􏪵ҵʱ溰˶Ҫ򣡡
ҲûˣĸɩӶⲹ׺û
ԣϽܽȥˣˡ
ſǻ˵ˣˡһ˰ɣҲϡ
ֻޱ߽ţ㣬ˡéݵͰ磬ɺܰ˺һӦɢһɴ̱ǵζ
һŵؿſڣɡɾɾȥ̫ˣ
ʹģ㣬ڼŲǰӵɳȥɣҰչ㡣
ҧŲĴѾӿˣ˺һ˵ҵҵѾǮˣûǮˡ
˵û£˵Ǯҳ߹ȥԤ㻻ɾѡ
ʮֿܣؽУɾҪҪԼϹܼңүɾȳȥ
е˳ȥɾɡ
˵㻻·ʹߡһҲܶˡ
˲һ㱳ˡݵѾ࣬ͷ壬ȻһӲŵζСһſֱޡ
ޱؿļˣҴˣպԸ͹ǰˣҶЩΪ˸ĸģѵ֪Լ׹⣿
ĵͷһ仰Ҳû˵
􏪽˴ذɳ壬˸ϴıϳ촯Ź˶ðԸĸΪ˸ĸ
ӼһӲʵչ㣬ÿոϴ衢ź޵ȡ
􏪻ΪһΣ
£˫ҲǿԶģڴİߵ㣬ȥ
յεʱٴο޵ӡʱ򣬲ֹһԹԼԹĸԹ􏪡ԹȥҲˣΪܻ˰ڿ
һ;ܰɾһЩܼ¡
ľŰɳˣҲ¥нȳŮǣһмܹܵӣɾҲǼʼģĿ԰úøɻ
֮УսԺţŮӵЦСǳŮӵЦ
ݣҵķݣǰƽ
ˣô죿һŮ˵
ȥ֦̫ϸˣܲסһȥ􏪵
֮ѭȥ뼸ӼŮͷһû価ľѾˣ֦Ϲһֻ״ķݡ
֮߹ȥôˣ
􏪿Ц֮ˣ
ɾŮӸϽ
֮ǣе죬ǴԺȳŮӣôؿ􏪡
˵һ£λƺ˪䣬Ժר顣
֮λĽΣ쵰ĶׯмɫҲѹֻᱻ¥ص˵ûȥţ
˵ɾūֻѧ뻭ɡ
쵰˪Ҳ˵ɾūҲֻѧ뻭ͨ
Ц˵ãҪдúõġǻ̼ܽӻ塣
֮ûЩƣô£􏪾ûǰԼ
ƽһֱԼķݣͷŸ߿գõˡ
ϵļæͷϿСһ㡣
һﵨǷʣǱСֲ˶ٵ֦ҲҲȣľ֮㿴ŵ㼪ҪˤһҪס
֮ҲӣҪˤҲã
뼪
ǲ˳õ˷ݣ
ƽŽݼ˵ҪˣǳҸտĵطٷšã̤ĺʱ
˵ҺͽķݸλС档
Ҹ˵عƣ̫ˣлл㡣
֮ãûԼʲôˡ


75 Դ
һֱ˯ʱ, ֮􏪣ɾҪŮΪûͬ飿
̫ˣ˵ôæ, СҾû˵ˡҲҵŮ, ҹ飬Ҵġ
֮ɫʱʮࣺɾ֪ԼжҪߵһԱҪϸѹؿˡŮʲôɾϸʹ
˵ʹ, ƵĸԭҲǴԺĹ¥˪Сӹյ˹, ڼ˹гģǵıûʲô⡣
֮, ̾ɾԺҪʲôˣͬ顣İȫðһա
􏪵ͷŶ, ֪ˡ
ܵõ􏪵Ĵ, ֮ȴеʳѰȷˣഺ, òĹߣ֪µģ᲻ᷢһʲô컵£
ڵ֪􏪲ĵ֮Ψһͷɱt±
ǵµ, úǸΣΪԼһ, Ҫ, κðͷ
ϾⲻԼϤĵ, ޷޼ĹϵֻػȨ۷壬ʵԼıԸ
ʱ􏪣˻صĹϵȻûĸΪһЩ
ɾߵԽԽ࣬ÿһ˶޿ɱΪĲѧšơƽ׽۷Ŵǹһ㽫Χм䣬􏪺޲ѺöԴߵÿһˣͷûɷᡣ
ǰҲкܶͼӽɾԼĵλᱻȡΪͬʹ˱Ȳ˵ģԶɾǿ
ȷˣΪ֣Լû̫ơ
ҲɾԽԽ⣬ʲô¶һŮ¼ˣպʽҲˣȻȸˣٽʽˣԼҪһʲôš
֮ĲԼ⽫ΪȻǸԼȻ˲֪ͨԼԼȻȲҪ
֣ԼԽԽԶҲڲõĽǾͳľ˰ɡ
ѵҪģѵҪģ
֮ڴϣмŵİƽû˯ԼĽѾӣɾ
˵ã㽲ʥ칬
֮۾􏪽ӡĹ¡Ѿ˼죬˵һֻʯʯͷĳڻɽƺȻƯɵѧʮ仯
ƽӳ԰ңʱʿˮҪҡ
ЦˣԺҳԡøһӵƷ֣ݱصëСᣬȫгԡ
ƽ􏪵·áأ
ּӴ¡Žţƽ˯ˡ
̽źƽƽ
ûлӦ˸Ƿ׼˯
֮ͻȻ˵ɾ˵ӵĹ£˵Լ
һ㶣ȻЦôô룿
֮˵֪ڻɽںɵѧʮ仯ɾľеơ
̲סЦûУûСԸûйϵǸʱյ˱Ĺ£ձǸʱкеӢۡ
ӻ֣֮ʡ
ţݵʦ֡
ɾǸʱǲǸںܲһ֮􏪴ǰ
̫һˡǵʱϷɡΣҲͨļ졣ﵽҵһʱ¡˵ǰ£􏪾겻ѡ
֮Ŀࣺ֮£
ţﶼʲô£ɽҲ񻰣ǻ޽ݵ½ܵȥҲֻܻЩʢˡ
Щ˼֮ȫģй͊𣿡
ȻûУû
ǻб𣿡
ûϮĻʵֻۣѡٳϯвŸɵʮ꣬Ҫ
֮Ĭã˶ŵʵۡ
ԭκ˶еϯĻᣬŮκγǰôСһɼõҵϿɲС˵
֮૵ǽ߾֮ɡ
ԣ߾֮ʱҵ뷨ְɣΪʲôҪôຢӶѧΪǵʱûвѧĺӡȡ¥˹ݣΪǵʱ˹ΥġǸʱŮƽȣҲƽȣûȨײģϮĻʵ۱Ϊġ
治ţԴڡ
ǺãǲΪԱůΪøöæµΪԲڿգΪҲҸڱȷһԴ􏪱۾˵
֮ʣɾں
ۣںޣⲻԼѡģ̸ϺڡֻǺźûڸĸǰТ˵Щʡ
֮˵Բ𣬹¡
סۣ˵ûϵֻż뵽ǻܣǿ϶ܲҵ뿪
֪֮˵ʲôˣֻðز˵
Ƭ̣˵û뵽л˵ǰ£ллԸҽЩ
֮˵ҺԸֻҪɾԸ⽲ʱϴ
ЦЦԺˣ͸һ¹ȥ¡
ã֮˵ɾΪǸʱ𣿡
̾ûǲǵʱҪе͵ˡڵˮƽ̫£Ǹʱûȡֻսƽ£ðհҵҲΪȫǣҲΪӷ
ɾѡ·ǰ·ǳ谭أΣա
Ѿ׼ҲҵʹɡԽԽѾˣοԭݻô⣬㶼㲻
̸һ֮԰Щɾܣһ㣬㹻֤ɾԼĹϵǲһġ
˪൱􏪵飬ǰ􏪷űసͷļܳһЩ飬ܹĿ˶ͳơ
􏪵Ĺиྫȥߵĵơ
պ֮ݳǵĽʿִ˳ǱеˮʦʿӳǱĺۿ½
Ҧյǧݽʿ棬֮ţͳвˮʦΪɽͳˮʦ
շŵȼҪɽȼҪģΪ־ɳǿ趨еĻ顣ɽˡ
Ǿŵ佫ʦ
֮ͷηǳ⣬ΪԺĲˡ
ܿ͸˲ˣˮʦᵽǱӪ֮Ͱᵽסˡ
ˣÿջҪһģˮʦ£Ǻó׵¡
Ψһ֮ðοǣҪˣһ߾Ǵꡣ
֮Ӫعսݣ㿴ɵüͷһҸԶôܱԼȵҡ
֣Ὣˣ㡣𣬱㲻ȥӪˣȥѵɡ
֮üһﾹȻָԼˣ֪˭˾
˵ɵ±Ҫߺˮʦ޽죬Դ·Ī֮
֮⻰ʱٷƾɾš


76 
ҶææŸ֮ˮʦ, æΪĴֻ׼ʳ
γ׼ʱҪһγֵö࣬ԻҲҪöࡣγĴֻҲϴζ࣬, ׼ĻﻹҴ󴬡
֮ǰүŴֻȥݺԽչһҶ˿, Щ۸񰺹, 򣬼ܹʮϵļ۸
ܹȫأǾı, ҲǲηҪ˿֮·ԵʣԸȥðա
µףװ˿񡢲ҶֽšɡСĴֻٴ̤µ;
һγģϴγԭвԭĺ, Щ˳ں, ˮԺͺϰԡ
һ, ɽҲһ֮һֱ㽫ԼĽӰˡ
Ժ􏪳ƵˣҪ飬⺣ó׽ǵ۹һ󾭼Դ, ɲܶ, ˼ȥүʹˣɽõѡ
뿪֮, ݵѧҲѧˡ
Ȼ˲ٵ, ڸ޽ѧӵĶҲС, еѧûԤôࡣ
ֳûϺõĵѧʸ, ƫԶƶĵѧٵеѧӽмѧ
⻹ѽշѵģǺܶѧӶвѧ
ԶδʶʶֵҪԡ
ֻмѧҲҪϿΣеȥƫԶɽ̡֧
􏪶ѧӵ״ǳֹۣЩӶΪܲμѡοԲģһûͨѡοԣ֪жԸڿΡ
ֻϣѡοܹ̼Ķ˱Ӱɡ
ͿʼˣݾС쵽˳ͷũߡ
ȱũ߼ӹЧ̫ͣеԱҹݵҲǳޡοǻֹũߣҪı
ǵ͵˲Ų㣬Ѿǳעˣɸϡ
ʱͻڤ˼룬ЩеôƵġϧѧеģֻǸũѧ
˵ũѧгɾ͸Сǰݵռǵӽˮոˣһӽˮʲôص㣬Ҫһȥո֮󣬲ܿ״Ĳ
􏪽Ӵͻذɳ壬ڼſڵĵΪլڵˮޣҪݵռǵֱ޵õӽ顣
ӽӴʱռ䣬ֱڼſڵĵܱﻨʱٴӽ֤ӴĴԡ
􏪴ӼѡһϸĵС֣ķԸÿ¼
ȥصЩӸԳŴůٴβˣȥµ߲ϴ󲿷ݵӦԻ
ϣǲҪ˻̫أܾӦ
ЩУ􏪾ϲĻ޻
޻ϲճ㡢ůԵһļԵĶ꼾ڣȥ쿪ʼ޻ʱݵ꼾޻ᱻҲ㡣
ﶬѾˣһѾˡ
􏪷֣޻άǳǰĳޣ֮ϲ
Ψһֹ̫۵ǣܻ̫Ӧص򻷾޻Ƚء޻ˣѾһ޴Ľ
ǻص½ϣ޻½ܽյĴ⡣
ӽˮ޻ܽԷʹµ⣬붼øˡ
Ҳе¶ô˳¬Ǳͺܲ١
ݸڵأ􏪺֮ѦȰγ˺ɽ֮ؾ̫ƽ࣬ûٸҲ͵԰˺ܶࡣ
¬زһǱ½ҲΪƽ̹˿ڸҲһЩΰ൱ãɽС
һ𰸼һȺϴһӣɱ˼ʮ޴Ĵа˺ͺͯ°ʮŮ
ݣֵĻ̻̣غٴ䶼½룬ر
ƾ֮£ݸ
֮˲Ᵽŭڣӧȥ
ͬˣ޷죬ȻҪײˮʦôʱıҲҪʵս顣
֮սذѲߣս¬
֮뿪􏪾ûаĹΪ֮һһֱ½Դ󺣵ϰԲ̫˽⡣
ˮʦжǺԸаڣ֪᲻󵹸ꡣ
ص˿һ£սſȫʤ֮ûл
􏪵ûͣ
ڻĹɽʱ֮ͣ¬ɽȽ¬ڵɽŻ
ʣὫû˰ɣ
ɽ˵ɾҷģὫҵȽЩѺɾ䡣
˵ؽݴ䡣
ݵĺǽܵݵġǰһֱɥĲֶμ̣ɱ޹ӸŮ
ɽ˵ɾǴӺǶһЩҴŮӣصġԸؼҡΰã
ʣԼжˣʱܰԺɡܰԺЩŮӾסԺӣ
Լжʮˡ˵ͷĿǸӯŰ񣬱ŰŮʮɽ˵ͷƤ顣
ŭһӣɻڣ
ɽ˵ڣὫһֻ۾
ҧгݵ˵ãҪԼ̣
ʱ􏪾ùŴļ̾ˣɱ˿ħһĲӼֱ̫ˡ
ʣ¬ڵɽΣ
кüɽ
˵پǰȥ֧ԮὫ
ɽԥһ£Ὣػݳǡ
˵ݳǽôױƵġǵĽӽаңҲ̫ܸ͢ˮʦӦСֻܷȥɡ
ɽȭǣ
ҦѶЩӯĺЩ࣬ҲһˣɱԶԶֹһ٣Ҳ˵˾һϣȫϧ
ҦΪٶ꣬ҲδײеĶħһݡݡݶصĺŻɱ顣
ǸĺͷĿޱȿѶʱڳԣһүӡ
ѶǴԸ̷ɿڣͲ֪ɱ˶ˣǴ˿Ѽ֤ݡ
ŮӽҷٲɱʮŮӡڽʱɱ˶ˣѾ޴׼ȷˣҲмʮˡ
􏪿Ѷ¼ʱñʶòǸ͵ɱ˿ħϣٴ
ȫնʾڡ
ǵն
􏪽ӹһζ̷һɱϰˣݡ
ҲǴ˾٣ЩĴĶˡҲݰգٸճһڶ
аҲ֮ɽٶȼӿ˲١
ǰ˶ɽΪٸ붼ܣΪԱȥҷˡа󣬰֪ٸҪɽǿˣĸٸٱһ£¬ڵɽǿȫɨһա
֮һȥ£ȥʱǴ죬ʱѾʢˡ
􏪿ݵ֮·һѳʵâ¶Ŀ
¶Цݣ֮˴Ĵָ
֮ǰϥ£ɾһˣҲ


77 Ǹ
􏪽֮֮, ˣˣ
֮ؿ􏪣ҡͷûˡΪɾƽϰҵҡ
Цۣû˾ͺá, ǶһڡʿҲ, ӪѾ˾Ʋ, ʹҡ
֮˵һؾӪٻɾڡ
􏪻ΪᰲŹɽһȥû뵽Դһȥ, ʿ֮ĹϵòãȻȥ㡣
􏪻صң³֮ϲĲˣ˸ն֮ˡ
􏪻û˵ʲô, ƽ˹ȥ, ס֮Ĵȣʦ
ߵ˶̰ƽ, ƺ֮ΪɾƺȻеΪѰƽת䣬􏪺֮, Ÿǽʦû˾, ֮͵ôͽܡ
֮һѽƽ׵, Ȼס, ôûǵ, ûҹ򡣡
ƽЦ, ϲ
ֽ֮Ρ
վڻϣ΢Ц˵ˣƽˣʦȥϴԷˡ
ƽϽץ֣֮ʦϴ
Ѿϴˮ˹˵ʦˮˡ
֮ˮϣʣҲڵʱ򣬰ҵķԸչɾͰƽˣ
ͷǰʦķԸȥġ
֮֮ǰҹﲻ֪аƽ򣬱ҹƽ
Υʦ􏪷ʱ̣ÿǵƽ
􏪾еǳĺأôܰҹӲԼҹǵأҲˡ
ûҰȥضʦĳŵ
԰ȥˡ֮˵
ǣʦ
˵༪ˣѾҹˣԼͿչ˰ƽ
֮ϴûü̧ͷ􏪺һŴȥ
􏪱һۿͻȻеëëģԼ˵ò
˷ǳʢ˵ͰмģϿζ𣿡
֮˵ģܿ콫˳Եþ⡣
˻Űƽġ
ƽм䣬ľһһҨԣԵýζȫ֪ԼҪˡ
֮Ȼ˰ƽ룺ƽĲ˿úóԣҲɡ˵žͼһ鼦Ž
ƽͻĻڶʳŪˣɴ۾İһֻ֮˵ʳû˸Ҷʳ
􏪿ЦһһСʱƲסЦ֮Ұ
֮˵ƽǸ󷽵ĺúӣ϶ԸøʦԵģ԰ɣĹʦٸ㽲һ飿
ƽ뿹飬֮Ļֲ֪ôӦˣŤͷ􏪣ίͰ͵˵ɾ
æԴúҪ÷㿴ʦĲˣҲԳʦĲ˰Գɾ͸ġöһŸóԡ
ƽô˵˵ðɣɾҪҵ𣿡
ЦŵıǼ⣺ллԺӣɾܳ⣬Լ԰ɡ
֮һֻϺŵƽ㿴ʦҲԼϺˡ԰ɡ
ƽӣϺŵԼ̵س
̧ȥ֮ͦԼӡû뵽֮ҲڿŵС⣬·һȴĺӡ
̲סЦӦûвˣٸϵ㡣
֮ʣͼ𣿡
׵ĳ˵С˵ŸϽ˹֮Ӳˡ
ûԵɾĲˣóԡ֮˵
֣ǾͶԵ㡣
극õӡӵڶкܶྪϲݱȽϷḻд׵ģҲм˺춹ͺģ̿ڵģѼƻõ廨⡣
ܻӭĻӣϾһȺ±ˣǾⲻ
􏪽պŶҺͷۣҲԵýζٹ£իͽˣڿԳˡ
극Χ֮͹ɽǽĹ¡
֮ĿڲҹУ϶ģǽһ侳سһȺӳݲѡ
һ԰غȲ£ٲ廰֮˵úɣʵÿζڸСЩӢµǣΪҵİڸǰС
ϣ􏪱ϴİƽص䣬¯õϡ
ݳ뺣һ룬ԺгˮóҪȰɳ಻١ƽӣʶܱҧ㡣
ӺУһЩã􏪱ɹɵİһƳ㡣
ʣѴˣע⵽ʱ齱ߵľ崲Ѿˡ
ţɾˣԺͲٸɾҹˡСĵؽȼϸӣתˡ
􏪽ʷƽҪˣ˯
ƽ齣ϹȥԼһͲ͹ȥһִֻסˡ
Сģ֮
ע⵽ƽȥˣ֮
֮ƿʣƽƵڣˣٹˣɺ˯
􏪿֮ҹ㲻ùˡ
֪һˣɾżռ١Ȼ齣ˡ
˵Ѿⱼôʱ䣬ԼúϢ죬ðƽˡ
䣬J֮ͷͷ˯ˣҲ̫˰ɡ
˶˯ˣȻҲûߣ􏪴Űƽ˯£Сظ˯ǰ£ڽСһҲ硣
֮˯ٴرƣˣصһɣ¾˯šǵԼƽ
˰ҹǱʶƽŬۣȴûˡһѹʱʶ֮Űƽˡ
˵ôˣ˵𣿡
֮˸Ƿû£ϰˡҲضһΡ
ЩۣǶӰϢ
Ӱ죬˯ɡ֮
􏪱۾˯⣬Ȼ֮˵ɾԲ𡣡
ۣúõģôǸˣ
֮˵Դӵ֪㲻ǵ£Ҿʶ㵱ˡ
ЩΣҲ֮ɡ
֮˵ɾ϶ûаҵˣɾΨһˣ𣿡
􏪳ĬԶԣİ磬ԮΨһŦֱ֧֮ԼеȫͰġ
Ȼ֮ڵ֪̫ʱе˵ʹ࣬ʧȥܵͬ飬ΪֵˣǱ˵ԼֻǸ
֮ͻȻ􏪵̶ֱۣץס֣Բɾ̫ˡɱҵ˫ۣıǸ±ȴĸܡ˵ȻˣҪ˵ϣһκǣǾֻˡɾԭҺ𣿡
ЩʣȥرֲͿֻţԼæµżЩ֪жܣԼ֣Ҳĵ¡
֮һӿˣһţ֪㣬ǵ£ǲһģҷֵú
ҲҵµƷûҪݼڣĸ鵽˵
֮æ˵ûУҷֵúҾǰݼڡ
˵ҲҪΪҶ磬Һܿͬң˵һ
֮æ˵ɾûͬ˼ֻرۡϣǻǰһ˴˼޽٣˫ˡ
ûش𣬲Ҫ˯ˡ


78 ļ
ҹ֮ʧ, ޴ĲͿֻɾԭ
뿪ֻҪһ, ʱ޿̲􏪣ݺĵεΣÿһ̶ɱ, ·ͷһ
Ǹη塢šӢ¡ʰ􏪣ҹеһ, ǵ£ȴȵ¸ʺյ·ˡ
Խ, Խ˵Ŀɰɹ, е˶Ϊ, Ը, Լ
ͷȥµĵ, ңԶģ
֮ԵӡĻ, Ȼʱһѧϰˣĳļ, ıڰͷĻ棬кܶΣͷԼ֮, ĸ𣿡
ֹһεǹµԸСĽôڳȺǰĳôӦǰҰĵֵܡ
ݣϷ˾޴ı仯, ÿζܴ޴ľϲΪ˾Ȼ򡢷ͼǿ, ˭֪ǻ˸ˡ
ڻʺǰ, Ҫػ£Ȼվû
ˣɾˡ⣬ɾȵ¸ʺôػɾ岻ݴǵΡ
˶Ĭû¡֪֮ôģѾ֪Լ
һݶ˾޴ķ죬̾ᣬӴׯ·ˣΰ
ڰղ̫ҳԶţ͵Ļɽ·ˣÿÿҪţҪȺӡ
֮ˣÿѺ˻ﶼҪʦ˻ɱʶ֮ߣ̯ͷϣǾ޴ľø
󲻾ã􏪰䲼һݰ̡
Թũȣ̲ֻƷͨƸܹѸƷȻ̼Ϊ׷棬ܴٽּܵĴºͷչ
ͬʱְ䷢ļʮ顣
ǰΪۣںۣԸھߣΪְҵʿ
ְҵʿӣھзһ޺ʱ͢ɸݾŹְԱСȣһԷһʷİ÷ѡ
ǲοִıƣȽ۾ʿԤۣʱսʱ顣
ļĿںţǱػ԰Լˡ
ΪǰĽЧ׿ܶ೤̾ڸصĺڶһһ⵽ӦĳͷóݰͷƵȻ޴档
˶Ϊٸ˾ٸеѪڣļһ߼ӻԾ
Ҫϸ˱ߵʸ񣬼ж߷飬ҪΪչ˸ĸߡ
̶̰֮ڣļǧ±
һμѵĶԱᣬкܶΪź
Ҳò˷ѻᣬȫԱ뷨ѧӲ࣬ӵĳӿɼѵΪ
һϮ֯Чķ
Ҧ˷ֱֽкãʵ˷ԭУһ֣ܽԾȡ
ҡͷͨĲֿܵһϺ˵ȫ޷ӦԡұҲԵȣֻйûе
֮˵Ҳ׸⡣ҴӾгȥѵ
􏪶˵֮Ҫ͡ʿ磬ܻܰݾݱΪնڵģڰͷľɹš
ĵݾʿפ֮󣬿ʼԴȲ˵Сϱ﷢һ֮£ƻݾı֡
֮ͷһص㡣
˵ÿλľʿԱͱ죬߷ڴߴͣм˽ðռеһƷһ
Ҧô˵ʱȻ𾴣ɾγġ
˵ʿǱǰģճʳ֮⣬ǷʿκΡаհʿԸͶʿҲܡʵƴǲˣҪֵ򡣡
ҦҡͷԹδദǢ
΢΢һЦҦδǱҪִĶ顣
ǾദǢγ²ƽҦոп
ЦǱһ̫ͬƽʢ
֮Ҧ빰֣ԭΪɾЧȮ֮͡
Ҧ뿪ֻ֮ʣ֮
֮ʣɾĶ飿
􏪵ͷһ֧΢ĩũͿһļɣ鷢չΪʦһͳģ̫ƽʢ
ũ徹ĳɾ֮ͣȻʮֲ졣
􏪵ͷȻ쵼֧ĶǸײĽӢļɱǴģǳá룬̩ɽơǳһɢɳаҲ޼¡
֮ףлɾ̻壬֮ˡ
˵ͷٽ˵ЩУ˶μġΥߣҪ𷣡ͷʿ
±飬֮æ
ѵ±ӾѡϰɫľʿݸѵһʱݾڵӰ
ݰնоԵı仯һݱŷһľ˲٣ɻо˲١
һſͣ£Ҧմӳüͷһݡ
ŷæ򿪴ţҦ롣
Ҧʣɾڼң
ŷͷڵģڽӴˡ
Ҧ˵Ǳͷȥͨһ˵Ҫ档
ǣҦƬ̡
ڽӴĬѧӵѯĬҪҪկҲһ
ĬǾܾˣΪ˲ͨٻȥķӿ϶Ҳ˵
һҲǣ˫ԲͨûѧģֻܵȾȥıˡ
ξĬң􏪱û̸ļһ£ϣҲӻԾ顣
Ϊں˵ĺûᣬֻԽԽ뵽ܸ뺺ںϡ
ĬҲд⣬կѡʮʿ飬ΪԷżҪ֮Դӡ
ҲӦˣԽЩ֮ױ
ŷͷҦã􏪱˵֪ˣҦ鷿
Ĭȥֶ䡣
ָලģΪ֮ʵ̫æ˽ڹЧָϰ
书Ҳǳ̵Ҳģ;кܴĽ
ҦմȣԺŮУаۣԱ߻һСҲ㵸شȭ̿
廹ɷнµضƽƣСһøˡ
鷿ҦգҦ˴ʱǰм£
ҦӲһºͳһ͢ҪѺһʳȥزֿ⣬Ҫ¶ʮǰ͵궼ʮ²Ž
˵ҿ
Ҧյţ˵ʳ͢Ҫ飬ʮ飬Ҫʮʱ䵹ûôȣҪǰϹ
􏪿żüսǲѾʼˣ
ҦյͷҲӦǡֻǸ볯͢


79 
􏪳Ƭ̣, ϵϣ̯ưɡ
Ҧղ⣺ν̯ƣ
ʱӦûûƾţͣǹ, Ҵˡ
ҦЩǣ͢ɱǰɡ
һʱ䣬Ӧûô졣
ǣܵȵ, ʱͶսˮʦ죬±ѵҲЩ, ȫȥڻҡ
ҦʣǾͲǰˣ
˵ԭƻɣԼҲҪһ׼ϾҪ, Ӧûвˡ
Ҳˣ
ˡǰ©Ϣ, ָ˰, 顣˵
Ҧ˺һ, ¹
˵Ҧ˲Ļ, ҳ, °ܣǶܱ֤Ҧ˼Сȫ, ֻǽֻ米һЩӡ
°ܣҦձȻѲ˸ϵģⲻ˵, 壬ˣѻõġ
Ҧȥлɾ°ܣֻɾٺҼСɣҦĳԸΪ븰
􏪸жѣҦ˼Ȼô˵, ĳȻ߾, ػݵİա
֮һ, Ҳֱ􏪵鷿ɾӵϢ볯͢սˣ³һ
˵ѾҦǶ֪Ϣ͢ӱޣ˼Ҫݡ
Ƕϲȥġ֮ն˵
ȻŰɣȵʵסˣұҸ˳˵
֮􏪼¶֮ɫɾ̬ԽԽᶨˣұӽ׼Ӧս
􏪵ͷ֮ͽʿˡ
ʵҪͻս߻вϲֵصģֵĵһӽˮոˡ
ڶӽˮҲոڣµӽƷ֡
ˮ״̬ݵռǵĸӴõģȿࡣôҪո˲֪
֮ŽʿݱزҲֶһոڡ
һոˮ˼ҶոЧȻҪ߳١
ոǼ죬Ҳµˡȥûһͱһ﹡ˣ˭ĿϸƤɾִֻ
վ﹡ϣŵ̵ĸ̣ȵĴȣȵȣæңȻԼȥȷʵֻҡ
Դһıַǳ⣬ΨԴȵķʽ⣬еһľͰ긻ǿŵˣľͰˤ򣬳ĵȱ׷
еĸɴཫˮֱſڣô롣
ЧҲ¡
üͷԼСʱʱȥż棬ȻȻ֣ǽ̤ʽȻʱȥȹ¡
ǸԭƺӣҪӲȱȽϸߵľ
תݣʼֽϻͼĥãȷ
ȻľԼĻͼһģ־ĳԺ޸ģһܹȶĴȻģ͡
ľͷģʹᡣ̳˴Լ֮ãһ̨Ȼڳɹˡ
ֻʱ󲿷ˮѾոˣҶʼ϶ˡ
лСֳһˮ􏪱㽫̨»Щá
ϣ̨ȵЧȫˤʽļԭһĶȫۻҪæ죬һ˰ʹˣһɡ
ֱ°յĸԺո
ɳĺܶ񶼸ˣ׷һ̨ȻҪǮ׼һ̨
ֻĳɱԼ˹ɱ۸ѹտԳܵķΧڣϾϵҪ콫Ȼƹ㿪С
ڴȻ֮ǰµӽˮѾոˡ
һӽĵޣÿֻոӲһĶÿӽˮҲһĶص
յ⼸ӽˮĲҪݵĲҪһЩݵռǵĸӴĲҪ״ݵʮҡ
Ҳ˵ӴܹȶԭĶٽˮԺĶܴﵽʮ൱˽ٷ֮ʮĲ
ÿĶʮ￴Ų࣬ƹ㵽ȫݣȫһˮĲüܹӦȫݰµĿ
ȫΧأϴֻĵɣٶˡ
􏪿ܹ裬ԼϱԽȰ
ĶٶԼĶǧ˵ȷʵֵһᣬӽˮ൱ռ䡣
ֿʼĥӣиҪƵĵط
ֻũҷʣũҷʲޣֻʯңʯҵĳЧҲ޵ġҪܴܺư
ũҩǲˣʲôܹŪķأ
Ȼ࣬һгɾ͸е£ֻҪȥٶջģʱ򻹻֮ϲ􏪵ֻעԱߵѹ
Ѿˣһʳû͡
Ҧصų͢ʥּʥּû֮յܵϢ
ȻϣtֹᣬͬʱֱӶ·ȥ·ԥϾ
ڹݳʱ˾飬󾹱ְ͢ʮʿ˴룬ȥ򽵱·˵Ľʿ˹ɽ£ԹűΪ֮صݣδ
һ̣Ұܡ͢ûոԥݣȻtһûϵѡֱռеĵ̣Ը⳷ˡ
ֵĶǾڳݷǳ˵û£Ҳòȫһ̲ˡt˯ʱͷܲЦɣ
tңľңʿƣֱŰݣ׳t֪ǲκʤġ
ʱδЪԪˣϾ˼սtֻøıԣ̸ֺʵҲǸıԣ̸ļƻΧ֮ڡ
̸Ŀģ˻ءǴҲǼ޴ģ˸أҪɴҡֵθڸǵҷȰֵҪһ
ΪݵҪһ귭һΪtʹҪֹңֻtûϵֵθ֮
ƶ꣬գŸĿɼ˰ǿӦֵҡ˸֣Ҫԭ಻İհڵٺݺݰƤ
Цһ뻢ıƤtɻҵŰɣ֮ھԻũ塣
ãǷȫˡ֮˵
δأ㽻δ˽ǣ֮ǰԸǣǵ鷳ǳ󡣡˵
֮ҡͷʵҾδػᡣѾݣԹűޣtӦûù㽻ݱǣв
Ҫǵ˵أʣӡҲǳͳȥ˷أԭδ棬Ҳȷʵ㲻ʲô꣬ôҲֵһŹͬĵˣһսϵˡ
Ҧûյݵļȴյ˴߽ļԭĻϣּɣ˵Ƕݽĳͷ


80 ̽
ƽԪ, ҡ͢ѹҡ
³ܣɽݣ֪١
ռݲ, ̸ֺ, ݳԱֳ֣Ƴ, ÿֽ, ư, ʮƥ, ҶʮĶ
գ˰, ԭɡ
Уα, ˮ, ؽݡݵ, ߲, Ѿˮոȫ͡
ˮպˣĵȫŽ, ܶطա
һʱٸɺأش뻢ıƤ, ɱ߱, ƽ, ֱͯҥ
񼯽ټ֣Ҫַ
ٸһ߷֣һ߸߼ŵ٣ö࣬ĿΪ˾
ȻǸ߼򲻵еĵط̹ᣬ̴ӹٸʳۼӱۡ
ȷ񱩶ıءǰ֣Ұǧһ죬ؼ主κˮûжҡصĸռ
Ϊظа֣ܱߵܶ඼еأΪǿ֣Ҳڶ
ȻذմҲޣտʼʩһףﲻؤðҲеһѱһ飬ɼǴŽգһҲûˡ
ǹ̹Ϊصĵط̴ʳٻָٸ
֪˭ҷһϵвŭٸ
tĴӪرأԱܿ⵽˹ٸѹһȺ޴ܿͱɢҲв˱ץˡ
ܿͳ֯ΪϽıֳֹũߺʯͷٴϮ֡ȻҲ˸ΪѪȵѹ
ֻһˣٵط񱩶֮Ѹԭ
ͬʱtڲݵ䣬ȥسȥݣºյصţ˵ѷѺ׼Ĵֻ˷籩ˣ׼Ҳ˴󺣡
ʱͷǽһοûлɡΪͬʱĻв䱦Ǻеϡ㡢裷ȡ
ȻЩ䱦􏪺֮׼ģͶátҲ÷𣬲Ϊ˲ȡƽ۵ĻĶŷ𣬻Ϊİŷ𣬷û
tȻûġҴ֮ÿصĹ͵־ǣŶһЩС˸tģи̫ġ
tȻТ˳Ѿ˸ˡ
ȻءСиɻؼʱȴ˴߽ɵʳһûУʥּҲţʯ󺣡
߽ʥּҲһӦûС
tɳ̽ǰȥ̽鱨̽һ½㱻ۿڵ̲Աˡ
Դ֮һֱǳݵĴֻÿһҿĴֻҪϸ̲飬ľǾ̽
ȻûʵƵ̲кܴ©꣬Ҫ̲Աľ顣
̽һҴӹ˻̴̴ڹ֮䣬ۿڵ̲ԱѾǳˣİף
̽սݳǣپѾˣϢʹ֮С
̽ҹôʷһҪԺǽȴһûԺǽЩŵؿ˿Լ˫֣ⲻӦðŶߣ
˺󼸲˼һֱˤ˸ʺΪϱʲôˣѹûʹ
ֵ̽Ĵһ£˰Ȼûз˸٣˭
ڵˮƽôһǽȥ֮ںڰ
ǵģԸɾǰְͺˡǹɽ
̽Ԥߣȴһʯӻϥ䣬һ
ɽŤסȻ̽ӵ֫һֵķʽŤһա
֮߹ôŤѵҪȥ
ְɽ˵
̽æ˵Ǻˣ˳͢
ɽһڲ˵ʱ򣬶ûǵܿ˵˵ű㽫˿˼ϡ
˻صӪŽ˷˹£֮ȥ˹ɽ˵ķʽرֽûϰɣ
ûϡɽ˵ţ˽⿪ֻ˫˫š
۵ͷ˫ͨ̽ڵ˽ţصؿ顣
ɽʣɾʼˣ
֮ͷɽĲų˳ʵһ㣬ҽС˭ģt𣿡
̽ŭĿԲ󵨣㾹ֱ䡣
ͦĵģǾtġʲô֮˵
֪̽ǻģɰ󡣡
֮˵ΪʲôҪɰĻϿɲҵĻϡ
̽¶֮ɫǹȻˣԴأҪԴˡ
֮ŤͷŹɽҪأò
ɽ˵ǻǲżɡʵ㻰ǹʵʲô
̽˵ǹɽзӣѧ书֣ܹ˴ǣֻʹѣȴʵԵ˺ʹĺӣҲ۵ԱѶƲס
ɽ㲻һУ̽ʹôһȻҧزٿ
֮ƣһӡΪʲôtĹֵЧ𣿡
̽˵ȫʼð麹
֮˵ˣɽſɡ
ɽֽԷֽŹλ˵ǹʵ۰ڴµĽɽûУʲôʱֵļ磿ʲôʱ򣿡
ɽ⻰˵̽һɫӵؿŹɽ
ɽ˵ʵɱɱ˼ֵܣǲǾ˲ʵɱԼѪҲ޹ֺ˶ˣݰҲ
֮ͻȻԼԹɽ֪һֱԴǣû뵽ͦ˵һר˵֡
֮˵ʵǴҲòʲôЧϢݲ̽һ£ظʲôȥˣǲˡ԰ɣ
̧̽ۿ֮
֮˵ʵ¸㣬ˣҼɾúúõġֻϧûлὫϢͻȥˡ
̽۾һӣҪɱҪ⡣
֮˵㵹ģϧͶӡǿɲt˭˳ȥɽø͵γȥɻʲôȱȱ
ɽֽŶ΢Ц˵ɾƵǺáú÷̣ȡͷšˣһ£ǸʵۻûѰ⣬ȥʱѻûˡ
ڶգ̽㱻γԭΪγһ㣬ȻϣγĹûôѣֻǽˮУȻȺˮɹɺοǳη
ǸɵĻǽһɹõβװ
Ǹɻͦľ˳̤̤ʵʵɻȴ̽ؼҡ
Ψһһ˽ˡûãγһŽķˣһʣ֪ͬ
࣬Ѿץ˼̽ɽ¥֪һӲˡ
ץһ֮̽˵ɽȥγɻ
ɽѾˣǹʵ۵ˣˡ


81 ˵
֮ȵͣеı, ˵ˣ
ôһĺ«ʲôҩ
ɽѵ֤ݽ֮
֮һһ鳤һѪš
һСС׭塰֣һߡҲһ, ǱΪλӴ, ÿ϶мλӵФҵµһ
һ, ʿѺһ廨ӽˡ
˼֮, ǰ, Ȼͨһ, ؿͷСȪСү
֮ˣе죬Ƭ̺˵棿
ȪͷǡССү, Ҽṫү档ṫүڣ̫ү϶Ҳ, 𣿡
֮ûлش, ʣôˣүأ
һʵ, Ȫۿʪ, ٴοͷṫү̫үҼү
֮״˵ɽ˰ɡ
ɽȪ˰
Ȫٴγ֮˸ͷлṫү
֮˵˵˵ү°ɡĶǷ񰲿
Ȫֱ, ֱһϵˮүѾ˹ݡɽһڷǳ
֮ʣڹĶǻжˣ
Ȫ˵ʼ˾ڡʱүһɽĽʿһǧ, ݵ;һЩ, ˲ٵ, ʣ²һǧˡ
ʼ˿ھ£ݸخм룬خرפأҲóȻֱخΪѻʯ
֮˵ݱΪʲôݻ
ڸض壬ȫԳô˻Ἧ£ũзˡ
Ȫ˵ݾˮ󲿷ֵطˣȱءүΪ֮дߣðգŴƴ룬һСү̫үŵģṫүС˼̫һ档˵ؿͷȥ
֮ͻȻʲôˣ¹ݣϵǶԿtĴӪ
аɣһظһˡͷҽľϸ˵ǿսߵĵһϢҪ˵ϢΪ׼֮ܵĽѵܽһЩ
ǻصҵʱͼԺ
֮״æ˵ɾôԼµˣɡ
˵Լĵأһôˣ
֮˵пˡ
ע⵽֮ˣȪ״ڵϹȥͷСȪ
֮Ͻһţˣ˵ɾˡ
գһۣŷӦˣŶɣ£﹡
ַ֮һѣ􏪵ľ졣
􏪺شȪǴģ
С˴ӹġȪһμӣȻŽµôҲ󲻳Ļ档
ôУ˵ӦþӪ÷ǳүļƻҲЧ
Ѿˣߵˮߣ֮һͰˮָϴϵࡣ
􏪵Ƥܰ𪣬СȷǳԲ޳֮Ĵڹ⻬ļϣе㲻֣ɾôиӶĻǳҧģ
ʶʲôͷһ֮ڸԼϴţæ˵ллллԼɡ
֮˵Ѿϴˣɾľ죬ٸҨˮһ¡
ֻôľ죬֮ưˮ˵ˣɾˣ˵ɡ
֮˵ɾϵİӶġˮĳҧģԺû²Ҫ
􏪰ڰ֣شС֣첻ó涣ҧǲŲ
Ȫظ̫ӵ»ǴǰôͣӦͬүɡ
ŤͷȥȪǰ˵үɻã
ص»үǷҲǰ
􏪵ͷҲѹ֣ʢճ˰̣ɥҲصģʤ˱ҳ¡
˵䣬Ѿ鷿􏪸¡ƺ˪ñֽ˲裬еϡ
ҲģӵĽֻʮ䷭ҳġ
ϲ£ϸĺǻţûɻǽʮϡͷȻ󣬵ĵȷȷ֭ϡ
˵Ƭϰɡӣϡ٣ɶáѶˣһҪֵġ
л£Ȫ֮ܳ˹ĹȡһƬϣСسһڣˬڣֱ˼ζųţȪરˡ
􏪼֣ôˣǲóԣҳŻġ
ȪϽ¹ϣڵأС̫жл´͹ϡ
˵һƬ϶ѣɡ
ȪʵС˳ԹʱȻҼүûԹζ̲סᣬϣҼүгһҲܳϡ
˵лġȻ˵үˣǱ㽫龭˵˵ɡ
Ȫֱ֮Ҫ󣬿ʼ˵ȥȵۼݱʱ˵һֱݱܣɽɽԽӵʼ˿ȻԼǰš
Ȫ˵Сү棬ʳӽԾС֡үСǰ̫ӵ£ȡŵ¡
üͷһǲ⣬ԥ֪ΣգΪλһн
Ȫ˵ԥΪδ޽ĳǡ
£ԥδ˭ҵС㣿􏪺⣬ǾȻһ֡
Ȫ˵ɷ֮Ů
ʣԥ֮ȷ֤ݣ
Ȫҡͷޣ˴ʵɱˣҲ˴ؽ
֮􏪣ɾԥѾˣǻڣǸõ߽ԥ˾ӣڻҪæ
􏪵ͷ˵еһʼԥϣԥҲһϧˣôóȻȥظ飬װ״Լ
Ȫ˵Ҽү̫ӵһţعĿ˵ſ֮
֮ŷӸ􏪣һѪ飬ɾĪš
􏪴ŷ⣬һдּľѪѾ˺ںɫΪĿġ
ԴǿУֳѪᣬм䶼ί벻ʡ
ԼֻҪһ·ȴtƵ췴֮·˶˵ʵء
ҲʾԼtһһ䣬Ͷ
ĩβʾԼԸƷtαۣΪۡ
ûдƷt
Ȫt˾ڵߵͷС˻үӴ̫ӵ¡
˵ʲôţ
Ȫ˵Ҽү˵αǲܷ̫ӵƫһģҼүѾˣαеעŵ̫ӵϡǻȫġү˵ֻҪ׿ϣ跨ȥ˵㽻ݴʷתͶ£㹻ĵt⣬ʱܳƵˡ
􏪿Цҡͷҵɣ㽻ݴʷô˵ģ


82 
֮һүȻ˵㽻ݴʷ, ΪβԼƵۣȴҪɾˮ
Ȫͷð亹ڵϿͷСү, ҼүδƵ, ֪ûǸʸ, үǾ̫ӵ£ֹһθСȵү̫ӵ󽫾Ĳү˵, ǡȵүͿ, λtǸͿ, λᶪ
ߣǸ˵֮˵
ȪСĵ˵үδгƵ֮ġ̫ӵ²һϳΪ󽫾ƽ̫ӵլʺ, õļλߡα۲б, , ŪԹص̫үʱվ, ˳ˡ㽻λʷضҲʱơ
􏪿Ȫ˵Ҳıʿ
ȪͷС˲дֻǴСү, ȽϵүΡ
˵¹شҪؿǣ, ȥϢ
Ȫ, ֮ųȥ, кȥס¡
۷鷿, ͷǷѪ飬֮߹ȥɾϣòˡ
̧ΪΣ
֮Ƭ̣Ȼ鼱̫꣬ܳסǳɴߡ
Ϊмģ􏪿û浽ĶԼóϷ
֮ҡͷټٲ˵ĿǰҪɾ˳Ƶ۴ģԲ˳ɾǡǱơ³֮δû֪ˡ
Ϊܹ˵㽻ʷ
֮˵ȥ˵һյġǻһǧ߿϶вʿĵвܻͨġ
􏪳ΣΪҸôӦ𣿡
֮˵ɾѡ·ʵѾ࣬Ҳǿһ㣬Ż˹˵֮þˣ͢ʥּһִ뽻ݣǾʧȥȻҪˡ
􏪵ͷסɫȴį
֮еʣɾǾ̫ˣ
ҡͷԤĲһƻûб仯졣Ҳ̫㽻ʷƵۡ
֮Ϊʲô
˵Щʷŷңÿ˶һӴľɼ̸̫ءպĳˣǾǹ϶µ䷨ƱػӰ쵽ǵ棬䷨ǳѡ
йʷйα䷨гɹģΪ䷨𺦵漯ţô͸Լס
֮˳ԶȷǸ⣬ӹ񣬱䷨δдɹģع䷨һͳ£Ĳǲ⳵Ѷ漯ŵ̫ˡ
ɾĵĲ޵ֻʱ䲻ˡ֮üͷɽʱҲھͺˡ
Щ죬Ȼһʱ䣬Ҳûˡ
Ѿʮ£뿪а࣬ȴûλϴζ࣬׻ʱһЩԽоͻԽ˳һ붬س̾ˡ
֮˵ɽڣפݣұȥϱлϮخֻҪȡݣ½վȽŸݴʷǲɱҲϧܽаˣһ齵պҲûپӹıǮ
֪ΪԺɨϰҡͷ˼ƲС뽻̫ݱݣһԮҪȹݻݿöࡣǲܶݡ
Ļҵôþô˵ģ͹ɽĿҲġֻмǧаϵ±ôðȥݳǣʤ̫Сˡ
֮˵Ǿֻ֮ˡ
􏪳̾һֻһһˡϣһж˳
֮οɾģǶȻܹȫ
˵ȥ֪ͨҦաǰϸһ´¡
á֮ȥˡ
ٴ̾ĽֱӳƵۣȴֻȳͼ󡣵ܳǳƵۣtĴڣԼţ˵в
ԤһƱػtˡ
ʱ˹㽻ݵıtҲ鲻ıΪض壬Լкܴ
ҦյϢҴҸϵû³һƥͣϵˡһǸɵͣȣýɱҲ˩ֱ塣
ŷȵ˼飬ôˣ
˼Цտɾأˣ
ŷҲϲģǸϽȥɾɾ鷿
˼˵ˣҵû˩Ȱ˩
ϡŷ˩ҦգҦˣɾ鷿㡣
Ҧʣʲôˣ
ŷ˵ɽ̴ˡ
ԭˡҦջȻ࣬ѹôļӽյ鲻ˡ
ϣսǰԺ㿴􏪺֮˴Ҵҳˡ
Ҧջûڣ˵ҦˣԭҪ̡ɽˣʱҲ飬Ѻ飬ɳȥ㡣ͷһˣʵڱǸ
ҦЦ˵ƾɾţɾȥæɡ
􏪶Ȳֱ֮ƽм䡣Сһͷһ˷ܵòˡ
塢͹ɽҲ
ֻƥ;ֻ˼ʦֵͬһƥ
Сڵ۰Ͱ͵ؿţҲȥ􏪻ͷ˵ڼҿңٻȥ
˴õõسȥ
˼ϵ˵ҵһִġʱҺҵڷ鱴ͻȻϳ˼ڵ㣬Ҹҵ˵ɵһ˰ɡû뵽ǣۼҵҴ̫ϤˡǸϽϰҵɾš
ò׻ؼһˣȻϴˣҲ̫ˡЦ˵
ɲ𣿡˼ٺЦ
ҽѧ꣬Ҷ˵ûʲôԽ̸ˡ􏪲ͬʦҶѧοϾǸѧƣӴĲԽ࣬Ĳ֢Խ࣬۵ľҲԽḻ
ܵ÷ɿ죬˵䣬㵽˰ɳ壬ֱӴȥ˺ߣѾͣٴԱѾϰˣҲۼں̲ӭӣһ˸߲ҵģȹڻ֡
Ҽ􏪻شкɾɾ
􏪻ϣѾүƣү
ͷ􏪣Ͻˡ
彫ƽסȥ􏪣֮ȴڰƽȥ֮ѾԾֽ􏪱
􏪹˲ЩСϸڣæʣΣ
һֹۣ￩һ£ˣ
õ˵Ѿ꣬˺ܶ鱦Ϊɾռ˲Ӻ硣
Ǿͺá˵û˵˵طˡ
߳Ⱥ􏪺֮ȥ˵ȥ̵ռŵʱ뵱˳ͻ֣мˡ˵̫أ޵һ˵صҽҽΡس̵ʱȥǣس֮ôҲǸۡ´ȥʱȥҡ
ĵһĶ˭
˵ԭĵ֡²ϣôֵܡ
̾ϢЩ⡣βĶ˭
˵һǴģɾū͡
̾˿ϣǶѾգ´ȥʱҪúѰһ̶ûдǲС
֮˵ô￿һΪᵽȥ
˵ֿڴУֱжˡҴ󲿷ֶõȥףжҲڵЩʱ䣬͢춯
֮˵ˡ


83 
ʵ۴ˣ
û, ҲˡѾм̽γɹˡ
̲סЦɵò
˵﷢˲£ͷϸ˵ȥһ˸УҪ̡
áڴӦ
Ҵƽ, ⵱ȻǺ, Ҳ֪, Ѫͺˮģð, ǴǸûܻδĴԱ
⼸˶Ƕһ, ǽлٵǵ, ٽвɡ
ڴޣ鿴˲ٴӴϰĻֶ˲ӺС磬Ǵ㽫ǡŷһﶼҪѼ
ȻۣҲ͵􏪺֮ŹؼϢ, tΪѹֺ, Ҹ˲, ̲סߺ޵ӣֱ涪˵
̸, ˵ҾȫԣǾȥ˵͡ǷѴ֮ɣֶΪ
˵δؿɿ
ҲĿɽҪܸ㶨㽻ݴʷ, ǾˣһɱսţҲֻһ, ظ֮ǳ, Ҫʲôûʲô, ǻ˵üɡ
􏪺֮һ, ⵽ƺ׽ôһ룬ȷʵҲʲô¡
˸Ƿ˵ʵҲѰ졣ⲻ˺ܶϾͿԳȥݣǸʹخӱȥ֪ͨǾڷخŻҪʱܸϣҲȫġ
֮¶˿ı飺¾ͽɽˡ
ͷû⡣һϴżˮʦɴԱ½ǴɡҪǹݴʷȰǶԸ˼ǧĹݸԸʷӦ⡣
лȻʣãǾˡ
֮ɫӵؿһۣ˵ʱˣɽãϢˡ
Ҳȷʵ۵òУǷһһǺãȻȥ˯˯˵
뿪􏪱Ѿ˯ŵİƽ˴˲٣ƻˣͷƶɢ˲٣˯̤ʵˡ
֮Щڣֱֲ˵ֻ˵ɽа취һͰɾ⡣ȴʲôæﲻϡ
ЩζЦ֮룿û㣬ƻҲ޷ʩеİ
֮ԱߣĬĬ̾˿
˵ƣͺñҵұۣûǣڰ
֮ͷ􏪣ʵûǣɾҲܻøһЩɡţɾĲŸɣȥﶼܻúûԼͲü縺˳صĸ
􏪲ΪȻôءûǣⰲѾûһܹɵĵطˡΪǣԲűһƬ
֮תһ룬ƺˣûɾԼ񻹴tĿ֮£ܶù
􏪴˸ǷҾԼͦ˵ģһֱߣְæȻΪһ
֮룬еԹôǿˡ
􏪿Ҫ˯ŵʱͻȻ֮˵ɾͼ˰ɡ
۷죺Ŷǡ
֮˵ЩҲûúɾ٣ˣɾٰһ°ɡ
ôûУÿһף𣿡􏪶ղûʲôִ
֮˵֮겻һζɾˣҪȡ֡
գְۣһûءûʦҪȡ
֮Щ˵ɾңұΪɾȡְɡ
Ц˵ð
һ֮˵ȻɾΣ
룺ĲɣȻ˼Ҳ࣬񻹲ǵʱͽɡ֮Ѿ˼ڰɣҺǸףˡ
֮˵ɾһףˡ
˼ǵεЦⷽЩԼն̫ǵã˵ˣÿζҪˣŻȥһ˵ȻԼʱһҪǵãǻ
ЩС£ɾҲطȥߵȥǡ֮˵
˵֮ʮߣһǵˡ
֮ЩۣԭǵԼллɾ
ʲôˣ֮ʱ˱֣
֮˵û˸֣ԼһȻ
Цˣֻͦ˼һϲ֮֮
ɾϲʲôͽʲô֮⣬³ɾҲû˻ˡ
ԼˣֻмΪܵˣŻֱӽ֣ƺֵģʵ˼ֿ
Щź˵ʱ򶼿ԼʲôˣǶû˽ҵ֡
֮ɾǲ⣬˽˵ʱұ㻽ɾְɡ
ðڴӦ
ܿͺˣΪ֮ڽļƤ񶼽гˣ̫ˣЦãյؽϲ˹ҽ􏪣ҵСҲС
֮˵ұ㻽ɾΪС
á
һ֮˯ˬΪƽѾҹˣ˯ȥ򡣵Ȼûк˵􏪻ΪƽÿҪء
֮үָӴԱжδжĻж֮󣬱㽫ˮʦȥԼһ˽˳ǡ
һң􏪱ȥҦ֪ǰ¡
һͿԺ͵ĺ磬˵ɾֵҴЩ𣿡
˵ǰɣЩЩԼˮӽġ
ӽʴʡ
òͬˮƷֻڷۣȻƷ֡􏪴½һ£̲סҫֲ˼ӽˮĿǰߵ޵õӽƷ֣ĶԼʮҡ
ȵôߵĲ
²˵ǸݵռǵӽƷҲĶмӽûӽĲͱԭĲߡ
ȭ֣ϲɾϲɾӽԺֶᷢơ
􏪷ʲôʱ뵽ȥˣЦͰ˵ģԺרųһӹרֲֵ֡
ǽܹһͳ£ӹ˾ǿȥģϾ˭Ը⻨ǮߵĵءҲΪⴴһ
ٺЦû˵⡣
ʱҦձ㵽ˣ˴һʼּĴ¡
ҦնԴ˸еΪпһ̵׻Ⱑݺò׳ٵľ棬û뵽ôҪˣʵ̫ϧˡ
ɽʣǽôӦԣ
֮㽫ͼ˵һ飬һԣйӴ̫ΪǺʵĺ󡣡
üͷĿǰƺ˸Ҳûиİ취ҪôҰŸ͢򼸳Ӳ̡Ϊⲻȡʤ̫ˣ̫⡣
ͷ˵Ѿ˳ƻ֮˵˵


84 
֮㽫ļƻ˵ˡ
, ô˼ƿУȻǳðգҲûʤ㡣
ʣǾ, ݴʷܱ˵Ŀж󣿡
֮˵̫ԭ, ˵Ҵעص֣֮Ӧ֧ɾ̫ԭϵϵǰѾû, ֧ʶչԶϡͲ̫Ե̬ʲôˡ
ǲԸ֧ɾ, һ˱ǡҾͷҴ壬ֻ, ˶ϡ޷޵˵
֮Ц
֣֮ʧʧ, ҵﻹһλӶϡг٩
֮Ϊ⣺ҿɴδԼ˸߹, û䡣ҼҲܿ, ν, ʵҲʱϴ
˵Ҳϲŷʿ壬Ǿϲ๴, ᵳӪ˽, 谭ķչ
ˣ֮, ŷʿ嶼ûʲôøУǳͬ􏪵Ĺ۵㡣
֮˵Ƿһ½ֵļ˵Ը֧ɾ, õĽڶ, , ţɽ˰Χʷͷ
ǿŤĹϲΪûҪȾͷֱɱ˵ˡǶĻܹʱͲ½ˡ
֮˵һĴ㣬н䱸Ĵ㡣
˵˵ơ
ҦʣȡݣɾҪƼݹ𣿡гᡣ
֮˵ɾضҪȥݵġʱݾͽҦˣֱΪݴʷԺɾúþӪݡ
Ҧæڵϣ¹ٻ֣̿΢ɾΡ
􏪽Ҧ˲ԷƱһݡ
лɾ񰮣ҦձضΪɾͿأϧҦ˵ſ˸ͷt£һΪٵޱ̫أȴʷһףοݴʷ̫һְ˾ǲһ
˵Ҧ˲ΪҸͿأΪݰվĽɡ
ҺҲȥ֧Ԯɽɡ
æ˵ɣǻɾ
˵ʱǰȫģ֮͹ɽ£ȥ㡣¹شǲܳɹҲҪȫˡ
֮˵¹شֻɹʧܣ·
ͬʱȭ𣺡ǣ
죬׻û˵ʲôʿֻѡˡ
֮˵ˮʦ˶ȥ̫ബ̴ֻһҳ̴ϰԱǺġ
ͷšϵĻﲻߣҴĻﵽҴϡҽձȥţռɳͷҼʹ
􏪸пࣺǾͰλˡ
Ȫ죬ûȵ􏪸𸴣ļ겻ѣϲɫڸкݳй䡣
ݳǷǳéݷ߷࣬ǽֵɾҸſڶûʲô
·ɰʯҽԼŴ׽϶ɵŴ׻ҽ̾ͣ쳣ƽʵֺ
·Ĺڹͨ˴שʯ͡ӳɽ峺ɽȪˮУϴ½˽
꼾ʱ㽫ɽȪˮڳأһСϪ뺣УڵĹר迣ˮյ󺣡
ȪޱȾȣһĴ󹤳̣֪δʷġ
һԭ·ˮ½һģɾǮϣаճۡ
˵۵ʱ򣬴ҶǳΪ¹档
ɾȻˡûҲǴʷаղ֪ݵȨˡ
֮⹦Ͳܸt⹷ʵռȥˣɾĹ͡
ݳ·빵ȫݽѧӡˮͲַũߡ˰ȣɾĹ͡
ɾǺˣնûֻÿ϶һˣݰյġ
ȪڳģҲ֪еߡ
̾ط൱һ֣Сɼ̳ľǲһ֪ΰġ
ȪõȷеĴ𸴣􏪴ӦͬĽ飬һˮʦȥЭļƻڶձɶ
գ􏪺֮ڸۿΪˮʦСԾٱˮʦʿʿ
Ҵʧڱ̲У֮˵ɾذɣ˴󡣡
􏪻عá
֮Թɽ˵ɽЩ㸺ѲҪĴ󴬡
ɽȭǣ
֮˵ӽ㲻ѧɾ
ǣʦֵܼԼչ˱ɾˡ
֮˵ɾֽȱ²ȫ
֪һҲûУȥ˹ݣֻм
֮͹ɽݵķأǳæҲڼС
􏪻ǲ̫Լİȫt̽ץסˣˣԷҲþ֪ԼĶ֮˲ǰɳһѵٮٮߡ
ʮʮ壬ԪڣҴԱͣݳǱĺС
˿һ׷׻ɽˣ
֮תϣ̧˸Ķ룡
ͣפһľݵߵͷŻ£ͷϲһ֧ǣٵúáһĿ³ӣݣ
Ȫ˵ү˴ݡүСġ첲ȥ֡
йһУξϽӱȥ֪ͨɾὫ˵й͵ˡ
Уξ˳ǡ
˵үƧ벻ү֮ۡɾأԼȥ
̧ͷڵһ£ݵǺʮˣ֮ȡ
ǣҪôһءүɹͬһȥɡȲүԣպðɡ˵ţԼһƥ
һƥڰɫⱲӶûôѿղǸСУξߵƥǿ
ƥ쿥˼Ҿûи˼
ȪϽǣɫү
ƳһۣԸ
ݳǱĻҪƾɣڵĽֵ÷ǳƽ̲ס̾·ãȷخǿˡخ󣬸꣬ʯӵ·Ţһһǳģˮһ˽š
˵ɾĹ͡ȵ˷خҲһ飬Ժ⡣
һ˺һϷŪү
Ұ֮ˣأ뵽ʲô˵ʲôүĪҪ
ɫģ޷ɽЦѡ
ǴӱŽȥеϱֵĽ㴦֮ˣҲйֻǱȭү
Ҳṫүôûṫүɡ
֮򲻶ɫδү١û뵽үݡ
˵һڴˣֵܶδܵѵǰ
үظ飬֪ˣضǳˡ֮˵ţɽһͬǰǴ˺Ϣ
ȭЦõ⣺ҲѾ¡


85 ı
ϴߴ٣أĶȥ
֮˵Ͼʹүȥ¡˵귭, һǰͷ
˵Ͳܿ𣿡
ܣ϶, һ̤ô죿֮˵
Щֱɵƽ񣺡⼸Ǯ
֮üͷ, ûڣ˵ˣҪ, Ҵ߹ԣ
ŤͷɽΪ
Ц˵һСĲȵˣҶЩǮ͵ˡ
󵨣ŭˡ
˵үҲð԰ɣǾͼʩˡɾ, κһҪġ
첻˵ˡ
֮û˵˵ʵе㷸, ɾθദ
СţڷΪ꣬һ˶, , ˸߸ϵ, ϶ɾӡ
ѵõϢ, ſӭˡ
ƽŵĴʯڷ, ˵ǳ˳תƵ֮Ե, лܹԵϺţֻ̫˵㣬üҲһ
, ǰϥ£ܼ֣
ǰ̧ĸ첲ɡô࣡
վ􏪻ԸСͷ, ۿͻȻе㷢죺û뵽ټ֡ܿˡ
е㱻, ΢΢һЦһá, Щӳ˲ٿɡ
ͷ죺³ⱲӶûԹĿ࣡
˵Ժúúòһ¡Ͻİɣһ·úúϢһ¡
ֵ֮ܶҲ׺ںߡ˵ˣʵǶԶԷûȫΡ
􏪵û̫ӣȻǰݣ̬Ѿŵ㹻ͣҲ˳⡣
tıܵŪԼȻȥtⷸԼðգˡ
Ժӣ˵ôûסڴʷͷլ̫Сˡ
Ц˵Ѿ㹻ˡҳݵʱסǼ˶éݷһ꣬ûһǸģվһҹ
ȭͷʱݴʷ˭ţϳնʾڣȻôԴһ֡
˵ǹȥˣغɱġһ޷ģʲô
޷ģʾûЩûУ֮еİɡ
˵ˣյݾͱ׷ɱˣҲˣֻʣ֮
ҧгݣ޺޵һţǲtǻ˶ɵģ
̿Ͷˣ޶֤
˵tǼӵţҪƤ⣡
˵ϯضȻ˲Ӻ͵ӣ˷ǳĶ쳣ʪĴ죬Ӻ͵ӶõϣϾطϱȽˬ
˵˵˵ݵɡ
һ˵˷ʼϲؽݴʷ򽻵ľ
Ĵֻһخ͸ȪһƥϽȥ֪ͨ
ʱһѾϵԶ˫ܿϵˡһӵϢٸخ
ʱѾΪ㣬ȫ˷خڡϵ֮󣬾һܵļƻſʼ֡
ƣôʷһϣϻЧ˷ù󣬻Ƚ˯״̬
λ棬ҹôʷȽѣٱվӡ
ʱǳŭϣͼȣһݲ㶼ҪұСҪЮŰúø̸
Ŵƭ֮֮飬Ȱ˳􏪡
Һ鷿һٷңȻҵ˳͢ʥּͰ黢˵Ҳ湻ɵģtʥּͻþڵ͵УҪЭƽ
Ҳ˵ǵûжڶչݵˮʦҪȥˡ
ǽǲҲͽӵʥּǵˮʦˣ
˵ʥּ䷢ʱ䣬ݴҲǰӵʥּǲŽϻɾȥخ
˵ǵ뿪˵ءýҹߡ
˵ߣǳ㵣Ȼ֪ܿҪ뿪ݣô뿪ûϵôе˼
ô죿ݵһû׵ʵʱѾڰˣɳѾиϺ飬ݵиҦգȻкߣδִ̫١
֮˵ʵҲôִ١Ŀǰаǧйݳƾ̣ܹ뽻ˮʦһʱġɾԳô˻Ƶۣ˳аݴʷݵĻȥǲݵıʩѹ
ǵƾ֤ŹݺݵĻ뽻ܹˣݴʷܲ
޺޵Ĵȣô˵ξӦýݵˮʦġ
˵ȥҲԶڱɸϵʱ˳磬һձɸϵҽطخ
˸ҾͲȥˡ˴ߵȥɣ㡣ƺȫȻ˷ž鵱عݵġ
ߵıʿһүⲻ͵ڽȨȥˣ
е˵ʲôһϱҪƵۣȨѵӦ
ıʿǷ׷׵ͷ˵
ݸȻǸ֮ˣ̬˾Ҫʾĳ⡣
֮ȭлүҵȣǡ
˵ǾлˡҪɽˡ
²Żűȶԣ࣬ȹһأұɾŶµĻˡ
ЦŹ֣Ժˡɲʲôɲ£˹Ǯ䷱ѹ޴
ν飿
˵Ŷպǽ͡㷽˵ǶõˣȻأ
֮֮ǮŶ֮֮飬ǲԸⱳtû취ֻýˡٶеΪɾȥ䡣˵̯̯֡
̲סЦаɣȹţͷȥҲؿˣϾţδԹͷ
˵ǻֺճƵۣ
ҪشȴԺﴫ˰ƽ۵Էˡ
ĶҲͻȻһ
˵ȳԷɣضˡ˵űȥ
ƽ˷ܵش˹ɾԷ
ЦţˣԷȥһѽסİƽ
ֶ֣𣿡
룬ȷҲֶӣ˵ⲻҶӣĺӡ
Űƽ˿ģܸо⺢ӸеСһʲô֣
ƽҽаƽ
ЩʧҲ̫ͨ˰ɡ
˵ƺǵðС
֣ˣǧˣ˫ֺʮ􏪰˰ݡ
΢Цˡ

􏪽ʱ׼ĻΪĲˣһһ߳ˡ
Է˵ʣԵʮ⣺ССƺҲ


86 
􏪿Цǰ, ǱΣһңڵĸ̡
Ҳֻң־֪ˡ˵, ͻȻһİݺݵ˵, t, Сүع, ȻҪСү, ɷҲͺ֣ô֣ҾҪ۾ţȺôʰt
ֻ̾ǿա
ͲʵۣҿҲǹ, Ȼѡǹ̫, òףҲǱӦԼ׵ȫûѹ, ϧڴĽɽȫ⹷ܹˡ
֮˵үļ, һ, ջġ
Ťͷ֮ṫү, ллչһ֡
֮˵ҷ֮£үؿ
֮˴һоսƻ
ǧˮʦǰ֧ԮݣµĴʱǧռ, жϽˮʦĲ·
ܵоƻ, ٴװ
˵ҹ·᲻᲻ȫҪǵɡ
ͷһ·ܲ죺ɾĪҪ, Ǻ˵, ·궼, ֻҪǹ⣬Ͳ·ҹߺ·Ҫ½·ȫˡ
˵Ǻáעⰲȫ
˵ʡáʵǻãɾʱϮҪעⰲȫǿܸϲɾƵˣЩź
˵ǿȥأ˵ܸһֵĵǻ񡣡
Цŵͷá
􏪵ƻΣƵ޿ɱˡ
֮Ͻ׼ʽټеΪ􏪸
ˣֻһдӼ򣬵ǴӼƿ϶ҪеҲһɡ
뿪ĵڶգˮʦ㵽ˣսݱ溣һֶſʮңӽݵˮʦȫˡ˽ˡ
ݵĺѱ֮ɢˣҪȥϵȴϣۿһҴҲûС
ֻڸۿפһ֧ǧ˵Ĺӡӳ˳Ĺд
􏪺֮Ƶģǹıܹﵽңδһǧ׵Ĵһ룬Ѿ㹻ˡ
Դ֪һ⣬􏪲濼ǹѶ̫첻ɱϴĴǿԡ
ʵݾǽݣǰ􏪲ɱݾܵвͲòƫˣϾб
ˮʦͼ۵½տһ㣬ͱˡ
ˮʦͻļˣۿڻһ룬ƽʱǰȫ룬ֻҪۿڣϹֵڻܹȡ½ġ
뺣ôԶأݾܹǣһ뷢ǾͲĳģĳɱˡ
ˮʦӦǳѸܿ˰
ˮʦܹӢϽټͬſ᣺Ȼˣڸۿǿҵ޷½Ҫط½С
ʱһʿһյһ⹭š
ܹӢ˵
ʿŵܹӢչһǳȣԾд͵ţһִδɫֽšֽܾȣ;ʮ㣬īֽȫȾϺõֽš
дģдÿͿ˵ΪԼۼཫʿһܲͲ򣬿뽻ˮʦǰ̸ı֮Ӧᱣȫ
ܹӢţЦС棬ΪĳǻƿС˵˺ұ㲻˺治̣Ǿ͸ϴҵȰȥǼǿӭӡǡ
׷״ţע⵽ֽ⣺֪õǺֽţδ
ܹӢһǹйƷˣҡѹҪ췴ʵۣܡλõ½УξһҴȥѰҺʵĵ½λá
ǣճµУξȥˡ
ϵԼֽ³ֽţڮ١ܹӢҲ뵽ǵĻʵۣҲòֽء
􏪸ۣ֮˵ˮʦĶ½
֮˵пܴӰɳϰҲǱߵĴӡ
˵ܱߵİնкûУһİˮʦ½ǧ򲻿ɵ
ˮʦ˵ҲǰĽʿֲǷ˱Ϊݵİա
֮˵ѾԸȥˣֿЭ
һȥת˵֣ҳսɡǸϰҾ޻ء
˵ɽ޽ѾڳغˡڳúôŰɡ
˵ҲȥҶ˶ûʤˣһҪһֲС
֮˵үҪżԺеǴ̵Ļᡣ
µ޽ǧפڱĺ۴Ⱥˮʦǰ
ɽǧǱڰɳһⰲسУξӢǧפݶĺһߡ
֮ǧ±פݳڡ
ȫԱõǹ˺Ҳ􏪵ֻҪˮʦһ֣һʱͻᱻ֣֪ͨϢ㣬ȻѸٴ͵ݾк
ˮʦԶҪ¬ص½ݾݴͣȴˮʦǰǡ
ȻʱĹˮʦӦѸϵ½ݾսǵ·ȱݵĽݾ֪֧Ŷãڵʳ
ڲ½ˮʦ½ǲ½
ˮʦѰ˺ü½㣬һҬĴӵ½
ҬҬǰرڴ˲٣ΪҬեͣÿҬջļڣҼҶС׬һʡ
ҬӣҬڱȽٸɹεĵصѡҬ塣
ȥ􏪴ⷸˣ󲿷ﷸ˶ͷˣﷸ˻ѺУ䵽ȥɹΡ
ҬĴɹΣٸǵĺ̲ÿ궼֧һ޷ã޷ֺ죬˼ĸơ
Ϊˮʦɹεķ˶ݴѺˣ̫ƽټɹΡͽҬĴտ
գн躣ΣȻԶĺϳһҴֳ˸ĴǰЩ˵ĻеˣϽܡ
ú󣬽ˮʦͣ˸ĺϣС׷׵½
Ǿûҹ½ϾԵβ죬ҹ½
ߣʿǷ׷ϰ˾ȵ˵Ǳ߰׻ʲô
˵ΰɣ
ôܣ˭εڵϡ
ܹȥץһŽޣΡôΣúˮɹⷨӿ˲𡣡
ܿ죬ݾ󲿷ֶ˰жӴ
Ҭ˶ӴĿľ
ݾжӴӴоտʼ˹ͺͽŲûб
ͻȻ֪ĶðһͯΪʲôݴ̣ƻǵȥɣ˵ľȻǹٻ
ݾţȡ
ãд˵ﲻӭǣ߰ɣ
д߿ߣЩˡ
һУξһ䣺ұ죬ʦʥּǰѹ˭ٸҺ˵˵Ҿ͸˭ͷ
ʦͷǻݾءڰͷĻȻǱȥˣ֮ǰǸͯ
УξǴ·һש߷﷢ģɻ߹ȥҪǸʲô˵ġ
һѧӣŶʮССĺӣһһ۾к졣
УξЦүæġСӲ£Ϲ˵˲С˹͵û
УξЦ˽ӣ
˵ѧӣݸѧãѧġ
Уξѵģ
ͷǣȫݶѧáԸѧĺӶ顣
Ȼǹô˵ģΪľҪý֪ǸݵĲࡣ


87 
ݱûҬͣ, ܿ뿪ˡ
뿪֮󣬴ǿŲ﹡ȵĺԼһƬǽĲ˵, ̲סƿڴȺɱǧĽ, һûʲô, ϣݾǴÿ޵
ˮʦһ½, Ϣͷɿ촫ݳڡ
֮ݱ, Ľݱ죬ȴϢж
ݱݳ⣬ݳǴŽ, ǽҲ, սپûˡ
ݱʼݱӦս, ǳڵرΪ
􏪺֮ϳǽ, Թһ, ݱԼ߰ǧ, ݳѹѹһءҲǽ̫Ϊͼʶݴ֮Ҫŵ㡣
˴󣬸ֻ, ߶ûӦǱͣʼ췹
һ죬ôȻضȹˡ
ڶһ, ݾֿʼ޹Ľ, ҿʼ׼ǡ
ݵЩ, ֮ô, ֮˵õģúµӦǣǾӸ£ռơ֮ǰ׼ͩҬͶ׼ãϣǽ
ͺҬڶʼˣҪȲȫڻǽͿǸģȱľ֪ͣҪ̣˽ݾڵͺҬռˡ
ͣǽûޱȣϳǽɲôס
ǽѶͰɲͼʸ׼ӭس֮ս
ڶգ˫ڽ׼жȹ
İնսýӻڵİҲϣսϽóԵʵġ
ʵٸǰкðͲˣ׼µķݣаռжڻ˲ʹص׺⡣
е˼ʵԺӣЩˣһʱȱȱˣ׻ûƽʱôڷ㰡
˵죬ܹӢԳˣȫΨһһƥսϣ֪ƥôŴӴŪģеġųŵķ򺰣˽лܹӢսؽ˭
һСڳͷϺٽ̫ͣὫ򣡡
ƿСݵ񣡽ǽǰҪ˵ܹӢֱҪˣƷȻһСˡ
֮ӳͷ̽ͷܽ˻ᴳ֮֮ǰҼҵµյҼҵʣ뽫ǹĪҪִԲͶ
ܹӢӢ¸棬ֲҲТ֮ˡҿִԲ㣡
һԵ̲סˣޣҪģ˵˭ҲТǸʵıɱ׸ǲТ׳ƳͰǲҡֻȴūŲŻäĿҡὫҿĲֵаɱ˰ɡˣ̧󣬿Ҳ
ܹӢ·ĻһֲУŵϽȥ
ЦһûūžˡûϢʵҲִֻûϢث֣µĽʿǶˣǰĽʿǹʵtĽʿǵӪʲôҹң԰ǸʵѾԼĹҺ棬ʲôֵöǾҵģݳڣһλӡӢ̫ܵ􏪣ǲ֧ȥ֧Ǹǵ˫ַ͸Ĺʵǵӣ̸ôǲô򣡲Ҫνݣպضиõǰ̣
˵һͨµĽݾʼһСɧҡ
֮һԿʱޱȾȣû뵽СӾȻ˵ɿԼǿҪٸ˵ϼ䣬ݾҪˡ
ȻܹӢšһҰҪԻڣ
ָԼ˵ԻڣҲԣǸֳȥʱɥֳʵɱ˸ʵǵĹʵۣɱ߱ɥ¶ɵóǵĻʵۣһ˳ģҪǵͷйߣԸ
ֲ֮һ䣺ˣµĽݾţ̫ӵ˵ˣҪ̤أҪׯڣֵزףȫҶָճ
һ˵µʿȻ׷׵ͷԼĽ£ǲѾȵׯڡ
ܲңͣĵطһƬأ˲ٴ󶹡޻ʱѾ̤òˡ
Ȼʱ˵ѾˣܹȳãҲǸݾһӡ̫ӵ»ͦİģҲ˵İӣ
ܹӢս죬ֻһƤ̣ûֵôԼľĻе㱻ˡ
ܹӢϣͿʼǡ
֮ϵгĽʿͿʼ˯񣬵ȴϵսʱ̣ݾ˽ӵڸƵݿʼǡ
Ǹոһжͷϵ˱㷢ˣʼֹݾݡ
ݾûлѵģΪ±¶Ŀ꣬¥ǲܲѵģҲݾ˰ӣϷ
֮ڳǽʿǷֳҲûţֱӳݾķż
һʱƴɱҽ콻֯ţÿ뵽жҡ
ܿ죬ݾĵһƾͱˣݶû
֮һ¼ǳᣬΪʿǶؼףȻв㣬ЧǳáҾڳͷϷżؼײж
ʱ󣬽ݾ֯˵ڶνһΣŵͣΪͣݴ˲˳ǽǱȥ
ڶȥݾȵһθΪء
سǽʿֻһǰһȥ˶ҹл﷿׼ĺԲڶŨķۡ
Ա㣬ϢƬ̣ʿһߴһߵŻ
һݾܹ֯νûһܹɹ
ʱУһڰʱ̣æµһĽݾոս硣Ȼһĵűĺɱ
¥ϵһˣ
һµĽһݽʿһֱǱڰݽʿڳˣһſ˽ݾӪһѣȼ˼ʣһ޴ɧҡ
ݱ˯з׼սȴ֪Ķʵȼһ𣬴ҶæȥȻ𡣾ʱһٺ޷С
˺ݾ󲿶ˣӰ
һɤӹȻЧ˶׷ɢȥ
ܹܳӢԣȣСթݾĹƣͻȻһ֧ʸƫУܹӢϡ
һΣȥ
Աߵʧɫ
һʱ䲢ıҲ࣬ݾһֱˡЧǳã˽ݾľģҲش˽ݾܹӢ


88 Χ
˵, ܹӢ̫ţֹУ͹ݵıս
ݳ͢Ϣ, ݵܱǧս£ʿȱս, ıݾı, ֳԽϵѹңս鼫ḻССݳȫڻ¡
ܴĽʿûʵս±ҲûʲôǣϾйˮʦΪ֧Ԯ
֮ôóȻ, һǵĽݽʿɿҡģڹݾ֮ǰݳ, ø͢
ȻڽѹңȻСС, ʼղݡ
ΪһӺˣܹӢѾʮûع磬ۿҪˣ͢, ȡյ뽻ݡƽһ
֧ʸܹӢ, ͷ߹Ƿ϶䴩ڼʸǷȱûдض, ͷҷСգҪõӻܽͷȡ
ܹӢǲҲҪȥ, һŵ
һ, ݾ, ٣߼ӱİٶʧ٣䲻
ʧٵˣҹɽ޽Уξ͵ϮݾӪһЩʿӣݾ²ˡ
ݾһ˽ǧˣΣڵϦһӱɢˡʣ˴ıȴûս
֮󣬸ŻԲѵܹӢļ٣ڣ
ڣϽ
ǷѾ̽ݳжݱ
δȷݣǧˡ򱨡
ԭȥѾ󳬳ԤϳسǵıݾѾ޼ˣҳӣȻԤıҪˡ
ǱҪоԵıƣ̻ô
˵ȥ̽٣פ
ǡ˵Ҫȥ
ֽסˮʦѾ˺δ
ؽһʱǰδֹˮʦټ
Ͻ̽
ʱһɱ
˵
ϳ˺ܶҴԹʮңӦǹݸԮˡ
̫ˣͷһɣֻҪԮһͲپݾˡ
ݾϣһװǣȥݾΧݳǣƵǲò
ԼʱַɱǵġǵĴˮʦ͵Ϯ򴭵
ӡˡһ죬һ򣬲ˤһӣ˵ʲô
Ͱ͵˵ˮʦǵĴǰ׾ͿʼżŪǵĽʿֲĴֻˣµĴҲˡ
ôܣŵ˵ϻǧཫʿȻȫֵסԷ͵Ϯ
ڵϣǧȷԷԶ֮ϣб
૵˵ȷǹˮʦǺ
˵ֹˮʦġǲĹˮʦͲ֪ˣ᲻Ǻˮʦðģ
ܣݲˮ˵סˣδزܣԭǧݾѾǧδûˮʦ
Ƿ̫ӱصݲ꣬˶̵ʱھˣ͢޲һɺ⣬ŻԲѵܹӢѵҪڴˣ
ԱһУξ˵᲻ǹѾռˣ
ն˵޿ܣݲŶٱôռݣȥдţ跨絽ϵĽʿȥ԰ȡҲͱּ·гСɺɴֻӦԽԽá
ǸУξʣҪ𣿡
˵ܽѾԲѣ˴̫ªٵȥˡû˴󴬣ǵҲˡ
춼սµĽʿˣҹսͰˣ൱ʿ¡
˱Ǿ߻ܣʿ֪ΪᶯҡġϢͬһ˽ĴһʱĻ̻̣ϵ¶˾֮
ݳȻŽգϢһ㲻ش˽
֮Աߣų⴫ϢɽΧɢĽݴֻɽУξ޽ȹˮʦ½ԽݾΧˡ
˷ܵӣһ䣬ȫץˣ֣Χ˵ʱһҪҳս
ûϴӦʱɡݾʲô
֮˵ܹӢѾˣδĿʼɢΪ塣
˵ǵ·Ѿûˡ̶Ҫȫ£һսҪ򲻿ɵģǱҪ͵ȡʤ
ڰǰһϯϣô֣ȴֻ濴ˡ
˵֮˵ʹ죬ղȥҪȰЩݾеͶǴһ
֮Цҿ˼ƿС
ǰҵʲôˣҾǸˣƤӵ𣿡
Ц˵սʤҲս֮֮Ҳһһǹʹ˽ѵѵıԣ
˵ҲǰȥɣҲе÷ùǣ׼ϳǽȥ
˵ȥ֮ǰȥⷿһִ󺣣׼ݲȣ𺰻ɤӡ
ת˸Ĵָþܵ˵ŴԼ뿪
֮ıӰ˵ɾΣ
􏪷ʣ֮أ
֮˵ϲű߷֡˼һΪܡ
˵֮ĵģĪΪ壬ͱһ
֮ؿɾ֪ͺáԼֵܣҪһߡĸƤò
ʣ㲻̣
֮˵˿ãµĽ֮١Լ˰ɡ
˵ҵǾã˲ã˲ɡ̫ԣСžš
ɾ֪ûС̣֮ʡ
ЦЦСҲһӳ죬˲ǵţǣǲҪİΣġһʼģվüģɵҲ
֮˵ɾǰôơ
˵ҵʦң֮ĲУ֮Ĳޡ
һҪĲֻǰȸ󣬶Ǿλأ֮˵
룬˵ʵһֱ룬λõ˲ѪԵǿأ
ڹŴƣ
ҡͷǸʱѡƣ߾֮
֮˵ֻ¼ңѡҲǿԡصġ
̾Ϣ˵öԣһһɡ
ȻѡٳȨ˵һޱ̨ҽˮƽ˾δܹ֤һʮ׳ǸλʮģһȥƱػҡ
ûγϵ˼ûͳһ̸ѡ٣ʵ̫뻯
׷ܴ˼룬ֺγܿµ˼ϵ
˳¥ͷĻ̵̻ĽݾʼɢϢܹӢݴֻˮʦսɵȣڵĽݾѾһµûݲҲûԮͶѾѡ
ֿʼݾĺôݾı˵һ飬ۣ־Ըۣ鰲ȥȵȡ
Լ˵ݰյĸѧܲμѡο˵ȵȡ
˵óĽݾ쳣Ĭ̾񫣬⼸ܽµȥ
һڽݽѪӿֱ봸¥Ǽˡ


89 ʤ
ҹ, ˮʦʿ԰ɳĺ̲½ˮʦʿС½֮󣬱㽫Сȫ䴩, ں̲ӵĽݱ˴󴬣Ҳ޷Ǵߡ
ǰһݾ֮ݾ͵Ϯ, ʧءǼǿ˷, , ÿʮһڱ, ڵһʱڷֵϮ, ԼʱӦԡ
˺ҹǰҹķƽ˾ý˴޵Ľݾʼи, ʱҲΪƣʱ̡ҹʿŬſƤţŻ
ʱУžҹͻȻһ֧ƿնȥ, ᷢĵطݳǵĳͷڼžҹúԶԶ
еĽݽʿŵһ飬׷׳еϮеϮ
ű㴫һݾ͵Ϯһģһ
һ, ݾѾӦ֮ߣԤݱһĽ
Ȼûڹ֮ס
ݾɻ, Ų˷˹һ, ȻȫŻѵݱ, ǼŹ, ݾΧΨݳŵķûݱ
ýݾ𺳵ǣݱȻԶʤڽݱΧסĽݱģݾȻôı⻹ô
ڴʱݳűˣ֮Ÿͷǰͷǧʿӳڳˡнʿݳں汻ˡ
ŽݾЦôǲرϲ
֪Ҫ뽻ݾսôҪųֲǴӦˡϾ􏪲һСϰ䣬ϳ󣬵佫ġ
֮˵ݾˣ𣬷ͶߣԱݾݾһûκγͷʩ翹ģǾݹֵǹ顣󱻷²Ҫܷ²Ĵ
ݾ۴˵ǣǣѵҪáķ²ǽݾԸվҲԸǵĸĸΪǵķ²ݶߣ
ЦǸ˰ɣڷͶϵģ²֮ץĲǷ²Ҫ˵ҶǰˣαԼԼأǶϽеͶɣҪνǿûãҲʲôӢۣɱһӡݣǾֵ̫ˡҼһֿ˳̫ӣȻʵĵճӣǵĻʵۣѵǸٵĹʵtǿ
֮˵Ҹǰʱѡ񣬹ʱ䣬ûнеͶϣǱǵĵˣ
ݾͲݱǵʱ䣬ϣһܣҵ˻ѱȽϡλãǱߵıȽеĵݶǣɱ尡˵һ㳯ϡķȥ
жûдǱߵĲȷʵǧǲ֪ǣ޽һǧԼʮ̨ҲС
ݾһ壬ǵӭһɱǿġһ
ͬʱ֮ɽԵĶ鳯ݾȥ
ݾݾԴƣԭ;ۼһ˶࣬СԵüӵͲʩչȭšҲ֯ЧĽֻܽбķ
Ծ󲿷ݱ˵ǵһϵսɱ˼ѪƽѵʱɱĵˡڵǹһնУһνӴȵѪʱױȵģɱˣе̲ס˾ҵŻ¸С
ȻҲ룬Ϊһԥ˵ĵ㿳ԼߵۣͬʶʱԥͿĴۣʿǶۣɱɱЩˣ
ݱԽսԽ£·ɱһǰƽţո
ݱԽսԽеͶмСɽݱͻΧɹķֻӴܡ
Ӵܵ岢һûд뿪ݡ뿪ݣζӲݾģΪݵݾߡ
һ̴ʱһֱîʱɫ΢սŻСɶ׷ӴܵĽݱ
һʼնûۡҪǰƽ˯Ҫ㣬ԻԵϳ¥֤һս
ڴϣųĺɱͷ󷢽֪жԹȨ۰׹ǶģѾͷҲûлͷ·ϣԼһ·ȥ󶼲ҪǳģôЩʿ㲻ûġ
΢֮ҵɾʦ֣ӮǴʤˣ˶ץˡûöˣŹ˵ġ
⡰ꡪһѹ˵Сɾû
˵ɣѾˡ
ƿʦȥˣͳҪĻһһֱ⣬Ҳûۡɣܳȥ̽Ϣ
􏪿žңϳ¥ˣ
˷ܵصͷţ˺öˣ϶Ѫкö˱ץ
˭ȥģǱȥ𡣡􏪱ǳ࣬СӶǻ䣬ҪúúǻչˣùӴôѪȵĶ
˵ûȥ̰ҾԶԶؿһۡ
Ҳȥ˭ȥģս̫ѪˣԺج˿ɱ֡˵
ҲجεġֲûѪҾҰɱɱӣҾòѪȰ˵
һ𣿡􏪲ٸ⣬㻹СԺȥֳϡ
˵ʦҪӺҲս綼ҪӴġ
û뵽СӾȻѧ˷ԼǲһҲҪʹ˲ȥڻСӴѪȱĻ棬ǵӰ죬Եҵģȥ
ƶǶص˵ͷŶ֪ˡ
ʦأʡ
˵ʦӦÿˡҿڳæ
ǵ˶಻ࣿʡ
Ҳ̫ҵ׻Ǹӣ̫􏪹ĵķ档
ƽʱҲˣ􏪣Ͻס􏪵ĲӣŤɶǰɾ
ƽˣȥ򡣡˵ͻȻʲôȥƽƬǳ̫ǣûƽû뵽Ѿˡ
ƽ꣬􏪾ѾʰˣԼ˵ڼչ˰ƽҳȥ
˵ڼչ˰ƽ㻹Сȥ
ǿ˵ɾѾʮˣʮˣڸһߣСˡ
􏪿żԼܰǸССĺӣ֪ѾǸСˣðɣ͸Ұɡ׼žˡ
ŵʱ򣬼˼еļС
Щ죬СѾðˣɳ治һѸ١
􏪸ոϵţϳŴ򿪣Ÿͷ􏪺ӳһЩʿ󣬱ж׵ĽݱˣؾǱץķ²
֮􏪣ǰϥ£ɾӮˣ
􏪿첽ȥãã𣬻ͷ͡
Ҳ֣ҲйҲҪʹ͡
􏪿ЦãҲ͡


90 ѡ
һҹս, ݾǧˣߴ󲿷ֱмС
ܹӢ, أֻ°ˣڻսµĽ첻ǱɱǱ
ݾٶ, ǧˡݾѾǳ, ҲٶͥĲҡ
Ȼʤ̣Ҳȫ˲, ȥЩߵļ
ս֮æÿֻ˯ʱ, Ϊ̫Ҫƺˡ
֮Ҧա˶ڰæս񣬵ǾԶԶҲƣ
ս׼ȥԷ, ˸ɾʱǻϽɣǻҵˡ
􏪾ȵ̧ͷҪȥ
ЦɾǲǶ, ҴӺĻû, ٷȥҪŻˡǿǹӰ
һĶͷ԰, Ҫ, øϽˡ
Ͻǻ, æҾߡһٰ㴦񰡡˵
Ц, еж, ҶΪԼĿһŬţá
֮˵ǾյǻɡɾҪݵǻȥݣ
룺Ҿݾ, Ǿأ
˵ȥݰɣ̫СˣйûС
֮˵Ҿûݰɡݰһֱֻ˵ɾţȴδĿι֮ôҶհһ
ҦҲ֧֣ΪݾͲ˽ĵģϣݳƵۣ֮أݴʷٲҪʷ
˵خҲûйݰɣֻ߸ؽҵһͳˣٸ䡣
ϺЦݣɾݵǻұȥˡ
ϺͲµݲ򵥣δ􏪵ݱԤĻҪˣҲǼ֤΢ʱˡ
֮סϴȲżɾݶؽ˲ţѡοԸö˰ɣҪҪǻʾһȥ
˵ԡʱ䶨ںʱ³һΣʱ䣬øһЩ׼ʱ䡣˳㽫ԷΧ¹涨һ¡ȱ֣ٸҪ˲š
°ͣ˵³һΪٳһ¡
ҦʣΪΣ
˵ұ֮ʱ˳㽫ɾǻ֮Ѹ£ЩбĶ˿ǵѡοԣ˵ɽˮϵ
Щɵ˵𣿡
֮˵ҪҪǵ̬ͷųȥˣ˵Ƕ˲ŵӡһ統κۣͲţԲųɾ˵ҵ
􏪵ͷЩŵĺӵܶͶǡ
ҦպϺ鶼ͬǵͨƷģŵӰ죬вܣռҲˣΪϲ㶼ʿ¢ˡ
Щвܵĺӵ֪ͨٵػԾԾԡ
ֲ˵˳佫ܵҲóءͼˮ֮ġ
֮˵ΪУǹӢˡ
¾ôˣ􏪵ǻڶʮһ³һصڴʷڡסլɻԼҵլӣֻǰ칫ص㻻˴ʷ
􏪼ǻϢݰ֪Ǹֻ˵ɾΪҲԭǵ̫ӣϾҪΪǵĻʵˡ
˵Ǹɽ߻ʵԶĵطڿɲһˣʵǿɽˣأҲһʵۣ
ݰ˵ʵ˭޹أΪ˭ʵ۶һ
ͬˣɾǵǵĻʵۣǽʷݰӵĻʵۡ
ΪɾЩܰĻʵ۲ͬʵذգΪǵ˺ܶʵ¡
ؼǣɾݵǻƵۣǾζţǽлա
ݰձ棬ʵһ仰ǣһȥݳǿɾ𣿡
ȫݰնеһ죬вԶ˻Լãǰȥݹ
ΪĪڰɳˣͿɾͬˣû뵽̫ӡ
ɾҪʵۣס֮õİɳ֮ذ飬ԺɳɴĽǱˡ
ڵȰɳ˸ɾܹʵۣǾĹ͡壬ɾ֮ͱˡ
ɳһҲ̫޳˰ɣԼ𰡣ɾȥûǰļһء
Ϊ£ɳַˣµ׻ûɳˣҲΡ
ٵǻǰֻһ˰ɳ塣
ܴܻһλذɳ壬ǻ֮􏪱㽫ƼݷخתƵ½ȥ
λܵ˴ƻĽӴӵȫˡ
Ҳûǰк֪ô֪Ϣģ쳣Ѹ١
Ժ﹡ϣϣΪһ􏪵ݡ
ЩϤ˵ȻΪٶ࿴􏪼ۣԺɾǸ߸ϵĻʵˣЩСϰټһɾˡ
ڼҴһ죬ӲһԼִļҵ
һһЩϤˡӡ͡͹ǡ
һֱҪ뿪ǻΧԺþòԸ뿪
Ϻ˵ɾһ˵仰ɡ
վլϣԺѹѹȺһε΢Ц˵Ŵң˵Ͽε龰ԺûϿνˡеĹ¶ҪԼȥȥ࣬ȥдϣһ죬ܹۼ׶ҵĹ¡ţǽõĹ¡ԺҿܲܳذɳˣУɳԶҵļҡǣҵļ˺ѡллңң֧ңһԶġϣԺԼ˫֣Ӹֵллң
˵꣬һ
²ˣ˴ߺɾɾ꣡
ܶ˶һߺɾ꣡
Щʣ˫ֺʮлҵĺ񰮡ǲ꣬ʷĵߺߣԶҪԼллңҪˣԺлټģ
뿪ʱ򣬲ٴ·߹
ͣ˴ͷ¹˵ɣʹãϽϣµĳ͢ͳ£ٹټң¹򣬰ռ˹٣Ҳ¹򣬴Ҷվšңǰٹ٣ǹģǲǵʳĸôøĸ¹أԲԣ
֮􏪵ĻǾúƽΪɾܵĽˡ
̧һüһôŹֵۡ
ٹٲʵۣǺֵ֧ģΪ¹ǶóϷҲԸĤݡ
ǲ෹ֵµۼǻ£ݵĶУȴһζ
ȥǾѾ֪͢ҪѡƶȣԭľƷƸĳɿѡơ
˻Ӧٸĺ٣ȥѧӵӣΪмӷơ
µ۵ǻʾһܶ˶һֱΪԼЧҵĻʵǽҵǸʵۣû뵽Ǳݵķ̫􏪣ҪΪˡ
ϸ˵еΥһֱܵҾ˼롣
˿ʼҪҪȥμӿأ
ǸͷصĺûᣬĲŻ˷ӵĻᡣ
ʵأʧˣЩͨѡȥĹǲǾҪ
ȥɣ̫˷ѻᣬʵ˾Ī
ʾȥ֮󣬱μӿԵĲࡣ
􏪾Ҳհǰ˺̫࣬һ·ǳȹһ꣬ȶˣȻӻԾμӿԡ


91 Ƶ
ʮһ³һ, ʡ
ݳŵƽʣ룬еΪ׼ñ, ӿݽͷֱȹڻ¡ء
һӶûݳǣ˵ʵ۵ǻǰԶ, ҪһգǲǴ˵еһ
ɽУξǷ, ䷱أȲܷհʥݣҪάֳڵ, ֤􏪵İȫ
֮߰˲ٻ塢ԼѡһЩ, ΪľǷֹĴ̿ͲȺУʱ׼ɱ
֮ݵǻҲǿǵȫԭڹ, ز죬Ҫôʢ, ׸˴ᡣ
, ٰȫǿɿص, д̿, Ҳ١
һʱо, ơ˪䡢СһͿʼϴ硣ͷ, , ﵽⶼȫµ, ڣĺɫߵŽ͸Ρ
ǲһµʱ͸ƳģҲ幤ǵŻѪ֮􏪴ϣֻóġ
֮ɾ¿Ѵ룿
ת֮¶ɵЦݡֻ֮ȻĶĸоɾʵ̫ʺôʽװˣÿֱĻꡣ
􏪳֣֮չһ㣺кηԸ
􏪽ֵߣǲɵϷƵġ
֮ǣ􏪶˵ǣرÿÿˣ
գ۾ģϧûӣͿԼʲôӡ
֮˵ġҸ´Ϲɡ
􏪿ԷʮᣬȫԴСһµ֬׺ɣԾ֪϶ģҡͷɣȳǰٴ²̫㡣
ҲãɡæһϣŰɣͲ׼ˡ֮ȻеûӦĿڣôõɾҪĳɱ£ﲻǲʧġ
ɾǻɾгɱ£Ǿ˵ıˣҲζԼԽԽԶ
Щһִٳɵģźڡ
ոе˶ʮ࣬Ҷ··ȻЩн·̧ȶӦˡ
һ˶ΣҲ˵ˣҲҴˡ􏪿ŴһСĽӣɵЦˣôˣ˽죬ԺҾҪԶȥ˰ɣ
ٺЦ֣֪ϹʱڣӶԼΪ˵ģӣǹ¼ҹˣҪ˼׼
˵Ҫʵۻʲô˼Ҷһ㣬ؾȻʵ˵ȷʵһԾŶҾԲһõĻʵۣڻʵ֮ϣɷǻʵۣκ飬ҪɷҪ󣬷һſھɱĻʵۣ˭£ҪӢܵĻãҪֻӹܵĻʵۣǽ°յѡ
գۣԼǡôֵ˼ҪѭƣԷι
ҡͷҲֻ÷ѧ˵ǿ뱱ĺȨ֪˶ٻأȺĻûʷĳУΨǺ˵ĻһֱΪΣΪǺʵ壬ŽģʲôãʲôãǾʲôؾĳһѧ˵
֮¶֮ɫɾļ˶Ŀһ£ֱ̾˵ǺĻ֮ԴԶò˥ΪһֱѧϰУǹ̲Է⡣
ƯİƽײײϰԵس􏪵ϯȥܵһ룬ͣСԴŴ·􏪣¶ϲ֮ɫɾƯ
􏪿СƽԱԷˡƽҲ·˰ÿ
ƽߵߣȥĸƣ֮˵ƽµ·ڲ
ƽջͷǣ˵ûϵɡ
֮԰ƽ˵µ·Ҫȼ
ƽŪÿˣæƽһԷ
εؿ֮˵ǲҲҪȥ𴦳Է
֮ôģԺ􏪾ǻʵˣԼٺƽƽˣʧЩԥ˿ϯˣĬĬؿԼ֮˵ûУҸɾͬϯԷ˵λˡ
¶ЦݣĲΪ˸ƺҵĹϵͶˡ
ϯ˿ܸ֮ɴˣͷһɣζţĻǰһԴǣҲôн
ʳ֮Ϊ􏪴ʮᡣǵĽӸۡɽ˺ϱ֡
ӡݳ˿˶ۼϱֵԣвֺã·ߵĴϣһݡ
޸ǵģ􏪾ж֮塢뼪һǡƽںϣ²֡
􏪱¶˳ݵı׼Цݣʱֳ̧·Եİ֡
ȺеСϱ޲ȻĶģӾȻĸһÿȻ·ɡ
·ԵЩ鲻Խغ꣬꣡
ЩĤ˴ͷ¹˱ԽԽ࣬ǹһƬ
􏪿żΣվ̧ʾ⣺ǣɣԺ󲻹ǼңǼ٣ٹˡεһµ¹أݵİգɣ
ˣȥ˻ûģΣһҪдɷȥˡ
􏪡һ·ڱ־ͷʱļ̨ǰͣϺּ􏪸ǿǰղẉ̂ʼ졢گ
ҵķ飬ǾʱĹţΪ􏪴ǰ̫ӵ壬Ҫаľɳ
һ˹ţǾȫѹ֮Թ˵ĵıѣӢҲһӰ졣
죬گǻʽˡ
һȥ˴ʷ˵һγڳ۹ͣΪλλ
֮Ϊ􏪵ľ뻹ǰһľλ䣬ֻǽŸĳԱĽϣһܹʱٴζ
λ˾λ˵Ⱦ˹ְߪΪɣͳȫ˿븳˰ҦձߪΪݴʷͳ
塢뼪ǰһְǹɽΪ̣֮ս׿ԽΪɽԭְ
ҹɽͻݣݴʷҦͳ
ӹ֮˽Ҫе£ȻΪҪģƼݹݣڽڱҪȥˡ
􏪶Թݵ̫˽⣬е㷸
صУּ˶Ѿʼˡ
􏪿ҿʼæµʣ˭ôʰˣ
Сͣر»ɡүҪģ˵նˡ
􏪰ڰ֣հհɡ鷿ĶǱҷҵģҪʰ
􏪻صУֻûƣϵȥͷϻŹᣬ޷صȥĺһӱƵͷһۣʹؽһ
֮ˣ£ôˣ
􏪳һֻ첲ϰһͷƤίؿ֮
֮Ͻ£Ҹժ˰ɡ
У􏪲˵˵
ɡСͷҸժ˹ɡ
ˡ


92 
ժ, ˣڴ, ŷоΣһж̫ˣԼôͳɻʵأ
֮ͷڴ˫۷ſյӣԱḧķ˿ˣ
􏪻ع׼֮ϡҲüΪ¡أ˰ڣ佫׻ûӢ信ʣ֪Ե˶Ů
􏪺Ȼʶ, ֮͵Ȣӵͣ˹, ǱߵҲػ˿ʼ˵ý˰ɡ
뵽غһŮ˵ÿӵһŮ˯, Լ˯İĴ, ĵ׺Ȼһ޴ĺڶ
ʶץס֮֡
֮Щ⣺ôˣ
һ˿ң㡢ңҶˡ
֮˵һ仰̲סЦˣḧһͷɣһͷ, ׼ȥԷ
˵
֮΢ЦŽ˷, ù, ʼͷ
􏪴˸ǷóΨһĺôܹܹ˸ԼͷҪڣӱһ¾ͺˡ
֮á
ԥã˵ˣҪȥˣ治ȥ
֪֮ǸرҵˣӰɳʱҲӦ˺óʱ䣬߰Ҫᵽȥⲻᡣ
㲻ϲĴ°ˣܳסһطˡ֮Ȱο
􏪱죺ǲϲĴһ뵽°ҳŶҪҪͶôˣ;ûء
֮ͣĶǰϥͷĶұĶ
􏪵ͷ૵˵õİοˡ
֮ס􏪵˫֣ίˡ
е㲻˼Ҳû֣ת˻⣺뿪֮ǰȥһɽɣȥկ󿴿ϣ뿪֮󣬾Ĭسŵ˺͹ٸƽദ
֮Щ˵ĸ˰ˣļҲԸԭȻѾչٸУ֮ǰǵķֳһҲû١ǰ˲賡կеҲȥ󳡸ɻǻʲôģ
Ц˵࣬ǰչһҲ޿ɺǡ
֮˵ǵǽչΪȻԺԹܽˣԱůǮҪ¡
􏪳ֱҪͽܡ
֮̾Ϣ̶ܽأҲȥݡ
뿪֮󣬾һŹɽѧ䣬黹ѧӡȻҺһȥݣĬֶܵȥ
˵һȫδ֪Ŀ磬Ҿ˹ȥе㵱ʵζ
֪ĬĹǣԸ⽫սһθݻˣûǿȥկЩ뷨ҪĬᡣ
ŹɽҲࡣѧǺ˵ʫ֣Ӧܹ̻􏪶Ƚֹۡ
֮˵ϣˡ
У£÷ˡ
Լб£֮˸һϲҹҽɾ
֮¶ЦݣǱ»ɾڴĿУ㶼صˡ
ҹ˯ʱͼƽߣԼչˡ
ûãǸҰɣǶѾϰˣٻȥԺҲá
˵ҵӰϢ
޷ûδ˯ðء˵ʵһ˯е⣬ܸо̤ʵ
ƽ˯֮ȻҲһ˯ܰƽѾðҹˣ˶ղӲ¡
ڶգ֮ȥɽĬݲμ􏪵ĵǻ񣬱һȥ
˵ҪȥɽеĵǳҪһȥ
еʱ򣬳ˣһӻ˭ȥˣƽһȥˡ
􏪵һθоӸλĲڣǰ֮һװУȥĶġڣǰӵģ͵С
һţͱаշˣҶؿţ˸ʵ۱Ҫȥﰡ
ڶȳ˳ǣߴ٣㽫ֵ˸˦ˡ
ĬУ죺կûկеĺȥ飿
Ĭ̧ͷһ
􏪵ͷ࣬ȥɳѧҲСһկûͺӳģҼеһӣٰһˣչ˺ǵʳӡ
Ĭ⼸􏪺Ӵöˣֻ֪濴룬˵
ΪֻԽԽϾ˵࣬ԽԽ٣Բˡ
Ĭ˵һȥͬկӵһ£Ըͺѧģһ
΢Цŵͷֻ߳ŻԽԽáͺñ׬Ǯͻ뵽ȥ⡣ܹ֮ܶһԶıͽ
˵еĬס
˵ԺȾҴˣԴݿһخҪݳǸΪ
ĬδԼһϴӦлᣬһȥġ
˵ڶ࣬կҲܶ࣬ϣҲһԸ硣лᣬկԸһǵͬ𣿡
Ĭ΢㶣µ˼ǣ
˵ҵ˼ǣҪɣϣկӵҲֲƲ衣ֺõĲҶǡ
Ĭ˵ԣͷȥկһûԸֲҶġ
ЦǾ̫лկˡĬȥҪȹٸȥ¸ס
Թⶼǹش⡣
ȶһҪ˵⣬ȵýʷģֻи˵ˮƽǸеı仯ǲŻϿԼȨͳΡ
ĬկӾǵ͵ӣδϿɹٸľĬȻͬԼξμԼĵǻ񣬳ԼΪ¡˵Ѿιٸ
ɽԶڴĻҪ󣬶ҺߣΨһ̫õľǵشɽس̫ˡ
Ҫ·ûСƣ⿿ȥڣ⽫һƴ޵Ĺ̡
Ŀǰֻܽԭɽؿһ㣬ܹԳɽ⿿Գ֪Ҫˡ
ô󣬼㵸֣صÿģȻôһ֣ڷ綼û͸¶̫ˣ̫ˣtưɣڲԶˣ
̲ҪҪıսĹؼԲĸĹܿضϸ
ҲܹӢеԭΪݾսжǿʿ䣬ҲҲ㹻ûⲫ
ûϵǣͷ󣬲Ҷ㹻ıʿǻװ׺ƤףװȽݾá
ԽݾսһͿأܹӢǵҲ֪Լôġ
֮ôˣҲԭ󣬾ζȫõıÿһʵʵս
Ǿ˸tսʱ


93 خ
ƽԪʮһ³, 􏪵˹ˮʦսȥخ
ʻ뺣, ڴͷеİһԶȥҲģȥ֪ʱٴεƬ
ȰƬأᣬҲ֪ƬأǸҪŵء
뿪ݣ􏪴ߵ˲֮࣬аƽá˼СԼ˪á
⻹֮Ϊѡһ֧, ҪǴӰɳ͵ȥصļѡģԺͻ􏪵Ļ
µ˶, ϾҲҪúþӪ
􏪴ݴ˲ٶӺĸԼӽˮӡ
һȥӽˮûոѾи˿ɿ, ջ֮, ü¼һ뵾͵خ
Ժ󽫻ؽӽˮ飬ȵˮӵȶѡѵĵشƹֲ
һպˮʦֻ齭, ʱ, ֮ǰϵ˷خ, Ϳ¥ȵ˹ݣפڳڵĽʿǳӭӡ
ڵİտ˺ƴ̣ʲô£̲ספʲô˲õĴ
􏪲ûݣǸûһܹطģ齭еĲһԭ齭ô峺ʱ
خ˵ѾһˣסѾǧϵΪĳС㻧˿ڶ࣬خҲᳬʮˡ
􏪴֪خʱҲһѣһخǵ˿ھͽӽݵ˿ڣҲǺܷˡ
ɣչ˿ڲӲ
􏪴ӴΪ׼ֱʷȥ
ϴι˽ʷڳˡɽ˴ɨɾˣܻĶˣֻȱס˵
ɽϴθ֮󣬾ûٻȥڷخפأûμӹ􏪵ĵǻ
ʣԭʷأ
˵õ˱𴦣˿أȱ¹ǡ
ǰشȫ֮õģôã􏪴ûʡ
صһҪɱĳˣǲԸ˳ǰԱķȻһ
خǹ滮ҪݳǺˣٲȻ۴αȣǳڵɵʯ̾͵ģֻطѾѹÿӿˣҲû
ϣ޷ܿЩݣʵܡƽ􏪻ŤŤ壺ɾ¡
⺢һബտʼͦ˷ܣ˵ߵδˣµ߻صġ˼Ū˸򵥵ķӣ˯һ·ϰʱû뵽ϰֱߵˡ
æԸ˵壬㣬ӵߵƽҪˡ
Ͻһ˳١
һе֮˵¿Ҫ
􏪿һ¿ӿݵ·棺Ҳá
֮彫ͣȻֱӴԼǰֽƽһץǰ˰Ҫˡ
ƽرһͬʱͲˣ˷ܵСͨ졣
˼􏪺ͰƽҲסˣ˵ʦ֣ȥ߰ɣ̫ˡ·ôݵĻðȻǲ֮ǰݳǵ·ء
û˵ֱӴȥж֧˼顣
ںϼ￴ǰϵ˶ȥˣЩĽҲȥߡ
С仹ãƺ˪ĽǾԲٶȵģСѾͷȥһСΣֻһ
ڳϿŴľɫһ˷ܵţخǺô󰡣ûпéݷǮ
ۣ춼ˣֱ߻ô̶ءȻҪݷˡޣһ¥е̿ŵģ¥ȡ޺ϻûпŵĵˡ
ӴһԼĵĺףخͦã·ôôƣء
˪Ц˵⵹ǡҾò˶ãخ·ͻƽˣ¾ԲӲܵġ
ǣǱ´˵ˡƽ˵
˷خǾǷخĸС˵
خҲܿ͵˴ʷʷиӴȫף֮ǰˮʦ
􏪣˷׷¹񣺡μ£
֮һѽ㰢ƽһ뱧
·Ц˵ɣ˭ǵġݾ˵ˣԺ˭Ҳ¹ǲ˹ġ
˵¼Ȼô˵ˣǾİɣй񡣡
ɽͷվһ·۳Ͷ٣ѾǳˣѾˮȥԡɡԡ֮ͿԳԷˡ
̧üŵͦܵ
ɼɽȥʷĺԺϴ£û뵽ʷþˣﻹֻǴʷסլǰ칫ص㡣
ԺӷΪĽжԺԼһ޴ĺ԰԰̨ͤɽһǴլӵ
լϸڷҲǳۣµʮͼΣݻ
֪ǴʷרĻԼ޽ģ֮ܶǮѳġ
ԼȻܹ׬ĽҲǮû罫Ǯڸء
˺Ժԡ䣬ٴξˣȻһϴأӾ֡ϴҲ˵ϾˮͿˣôһӣնõˮֱҲҪܾðɡ
ɽ˵ԡˮѾպˣҪȻ߽¶ֱӷԸǡ
􏪿ôһӵˮʱ֮ͣϴˣǻϴѻûءǵںͷء
֮˵޷Ȼ˽·ͽϴϴɡ
ԣ㿪ʼ½ƽĶ죬СһѾٽϵ·ˮرϣʼýѾˮƽѼӵģرˮ
􏪿ŰƽɵʧЦųĿߵˮߣڰƽŷŽˮУˮ¸ոպãϴ迩ƽһˮС
ƽôУһ􏪲ҲǼȣԱ߻̨ףˣ֮һݰ
֮û׼һϴô˵ҲԼ·ˮء
􏪱Űƽˮһأ˵Ǯ˵Ŀ󲻵̫ݳˡɼףѣҵԼʹ˶䣬Ҳ˼ȡˡ
̲֮סЦĻʵ𣿽Ϊݸ;Լ̫ݳˣѵǵı
ǱӦõġ֮˵
ҡͷиΰʫдһʫž·жǡҸоԼڹľǾ
֮˵լӺԡҲǱ޵ģô㵽ͷϣ
ðԺϴͲҪԡ˰ɣ˷ˮҲ˷ѲǰҲԡͰСԡͰѾݳˣԡء˵
ãһͷԸȥ֮ͷ


94 
ԡϴ, ݳݳ˵㣬
ƽӦԡصĻ˷ʼĿ־, ʼˮ, ˮ˵Ľ˷ܵòС
С, Ȼңţ֮䲻􏪽ԼСͽһȻˮһ, ƽ􏪶˸͸
􏪸Ͻ֣֮һûһߴУƽ, 
ˮˮ̣õˮĽЦϡ
ǳԷ, Цʼ»ûϴã
ż˵·վ, ҡҡͷ
ţ£Ѿ׼, ϴ𣿡
֮ͣ, Цûе㴭ϾͺãȵȻ·ýɡ
֮˵ţƽץ, СһСһһ顣Ȼ, ݸȽɾ·ȥ
ƽӹȥһȥˮ¡
􏪸첲ˮر, ֮Ķ, Цü۶
֮æ, ͷ˸, ɵü˵Ҹ걳ɡ
Цŵͷá
֮ùǣϴͷ
̾ϢǸ͵аɣ˽գվ͸ôӲˣݿɲݣط˿ӣͷҲ࣬ؼԼҲû֮ˡ
֮ʣԵ̾Ϣ
˵̾Ϣܿɹƽ
֮ͷƤˡ
˰ˮˮڣн취ġ
һ߾Э¡
֪
ʱ􏪿ϰŵʮˣ˵ͲŪôˣÿһر㹻
ŷ˵ļɽƬ̣ϻ̳Ͽֵ˵Ƿ˲ϱ¿ζ
˵ҲǡǮʱ̣Ҫ·ţô࣬ʳһɣʡһһ㡣ҲؽҵķҵķֿһͬԱˡ
˵⸮е˶˪ãɽҲںԺдתˣȥóװɣĲ˷ںԺС
ɽæлл¡
ʱʷ½һСɰˣҲǽʾֲ֭ϰЩֻǰȥһ˹˼̰ͣһòóȲ˵ųǵˡ
Ϊ􏪵˻ʵۣôҲܱһ˲ɣ׼ôɫƨĵϡ
ɫȻܷḻ􏪾ãخʳݵġخںߣԺʾûôˣˮԺʾӶ࣬ҷخ߲಻ݷḻõȽݴӲܸơ
Ȼ˹ݣǻҪʳڹݵͷùݰյĲӷḻ
ϣİĴϣΪԼʧߣȻûУȻ˴˯ߵûб䣬˯úܰȡ
һ磬􏪱ȥخڸŷ֪֪ͨͨԱʱʷ㱨
Լʱ䣬Թ˷滮¹ѻɲ¹٣Ҫʵ۲ȥ
ǹ̫̫֮࣬٣ݸԭԱӣõľͼãõľͻ
ʱ􏪱ѾڴʷĻˡ֪ͨʮȻȵĽ
һ􏪱˱š㱨Ĺ룬뼪һԸ飬¼
ٳϵĹǣĳ¹ΣȵԱͰݼΪ¹Ӻ⡣˫Щٿʼ̸
􏪷֮Ȳαֱټ˼棬㱨
ʱ֪ͨʮֻ߸бݴʷ¼¡ܡֲܡܡбƴʷȡ
Ҳɫģɳ©ʱһһɤӣʼ˵ʽҽһ£ұ􏪡λյӽ󣬹ݱҵ¡λԸǰᣬϿҵݡĳڴл
􏪲ϰԳޣܳ˵ۣҲԡҡԳơ
ָ˽һְ֮񣺡Ὣ𣬶˿ڡĶء˰衢ٺ»ȽԹƹܡ
˽ֻĬĬţ˵֮Ͻܾ´Ҷ⣬ǸǸɶû˵»ʵŪ˸¹٣Ҳ˵ùȥ
˵ˣҲܵòˡݣְߣ㱨ɡ
ݴʷǣ൱һݵ֣һִʷѾнˣݳʷܵΰƲδǸǽɣûӲеµt͢ԻڹС
һݣּ
Ҫ˵㴫һɤ˵֪ͨ»ʵôֲýˣ˵еͷڳݲ̫
֮ʣô£
Ļһ˾ƵӲҪ
б裸Ͻ˵˾ˡ
֮ü˵
һһͷҡ˽ˣĿ⻹е룬֮󣬿λϵ􏪣Ȼͨһڵϣһͷͷ˵μʵۣк޾⡣
ɫĮ¹ˣ
ֱ̧ͷ􏪣˸ã˹˾ױҼ˲ҵңʱ䣬𷣡
ʣǴӺζտգ
ױش˸ǷղաǴƷġ
ɻüͷһԵƷǷخ¥
֮ŭ˾ֵڼ侹Ȼ߻ˣ˾ϳȥʮ壡
ܿԭʷ۹ױϡױ£Цúãúã
ʼ磺²ǸӰɣѵԼ
􏪲ȻԼҴģȻҪȫתͷ˵ˣ
Ǳ㿪ʼ㱨ԼĹĹӣ㱨þƽʱҲģǿԼá
ǻ㱨깤㱨˵ױʮӾѾȥˡ
˵˼״˺ź
ӦһϽܳȥ˼ˡ
ϸ˵˼ҽˡ
Ǹ˻ϯϣϽֳ££״˴߻˷³죡
⼸Ҳ飺¿
􏪿֮½ԹὫܣὫο
֮ɽôһӶ١ֵڼȻƣʱֵΥ˾档ְ֮ˣ֣óǧʿڿЦϧ
˵ڳὫָսӹܾУµľδͨȫ£˰ɡ˾ְͣ鿴
˽û˵
ױǲǹģøݵĹԱ˸䷶
ҽսûĹԱȫְͣ񣬰ǵĸֻ߲¶档
ݳʷְɴǸˣǷҲû
􏪰µķУ쵶ն顣ݸԭǰҲǼʶˣ»ʵ۲ǳصġȻǳصģô췴ء
»ʵƺҲûô£Ϊûͨɱ
ݳһһ¶йµ۵̬ȣΪԭ򣬴Ҷģˣ˸ʵۣǸӸλΣ


95 ֵ
􏪵ִ﷬خպ, żˣٲߣЩ۱Ȼƽ϶Ҫùˡ
ЩǾԲܷŵ, ݵĴ, ηûõġ
һߣ􏪵ĵ˼
켣ٳĶ, ֪ȱɿİ֣µı㿪ʼ
в֪Щ˵̬, ĿǰҲȷʵ˿ãֻһֻ۱һֻ, ѡοԽ󣬾ʹһδѪ
֮ɫ, ˵ôˣ
֮􏪵Ĳһںȸ, ˵ˡվȻмУξͷץ֮󻹺֪ڸģɱˣ
􏪸Ͻָ˱裺ȱɱ˵ǲ, ηη
֮ȭͷϴһ£ɱҿסǡǼУξǹݳеӵ, ȫƤ͵Ӫӣʺһݳǵҿǵһˡ
Ҳ˵Ҳо, С, ٣Ҹǳ, , 򡣹ݲһ, ЩҾĻ, ڹٸ̸ڡӹϢ˽סйˡ
֮˵£ôˣкܶ˶ڿǰ⵹ǣӭء
ʣжٿɿĽʿ
֮˵ǴݴǧʿȥݵǧˮʦмֿɿҲЩˡ
˵ͨʿ䶼ԷΪְҶƶճҲû̫ǽ죬ԾеĽ춼Ҫһ飬ģҪ
ǿսݣǻǧŻסͷߡ
֮˵ţĿǰӹˮʦѡ滻ЩУξ
􏪵ͷԣùˣֻԼ˲ܸõعܿԼˡҲǹݽʿλ㽫죬ֻγɿս޷ڣ޷ʿһƬ
˵ѡУξҪһѵݾľͺͷ߶ѧ͸ٶشǸнʿһݵ
ˮʦݴһʱ䣬֪еڰյģǸݽʿݵЧá
֮ͷ֪
˵տʼһжܲףɡҸ̸Σڤ粻飬ɱҲɱãҴȹţǵı¡
һ£ҵĵضҺ𣿡
ӾгһʿֲˮһԸ㣬Ҫֲ߲˺ˮӣ֤߲˺ˮӵĴԣܱ߲ˮͲ
֮ҡͷ齭ֵضƿҴУ򲻵ءܶ൱ũȥĵأҪ򣬼۸Ȼԭʮ
üͷ壬ȻˣǾ͹ٸֱðɣм۲
֮Цáɽˡ
ΪһũԹ⡣
ʩеıǰƳľƣ˿ھһ޺رС
ķ벻أֻЩĹأΪؼ沢˾޴
Ҫ̲Сũ̫ˣֻҪһꡢһѣСũʧȥصȨɴĵũǼū
չʮ꣬ؼ沢Ѿ൱ˣٵض󻹲̫ԣֵǵ޻ĵؿɿѣѱǿϷִˡ
􏪺һظĸ𣬰˿ھء֪Ӳ̫󣬵վȽŸеıӮģܶЩĵ⡣
Ͼ߻tڻءҪ͵סӣ躹ޡ
􏪽ܣ˽˷خܱص
Ȼϣخܱߵػ¡ơ̡Ρ⡢ֵƿˣгࡣ
ЩնΪսҴӱǨ˵ģԭգ˿ڶ࣬мҵףݺչѾȫѹѾȫƿˡ
ԭӽʸμӾƷƣĶֺ࣬ҲմеһԱ
Ҳûڣֱ˵ΪڷخǸִкν飿
ֺͷƤһخȫģɲðģֻʣҪˮﻹǺأ
˵ˮﺵضҪִ˵һԺˮӣĿǰֽ׶ΣĶܴ370ˮʵõӦߡ
ֺ辪ȵ̧ͷԿģܣרũĶȻģݣӵĶĳ¼ңĶҲֻ327¼ҽֵꡣ
֮˵Ϸԡɺƭִˡ
ֺ򴽣£ˣұּԸ⼸أֻּܹñ˵ӡ
΢΢һЦҪأΪˮӣպˮӲṩּʹãҲṩ°ʹá
ֺһ㶣Ȼ˺һرݣǳˡȸհԶĻ¡
صͷִ˵ĺһˣּҵĵذɣҵպ°ֻ֣ǼԶԶġٲûҪЭֵ֡
ֺ˲׹л¶䣡¹ٽձȥͬ游顣Ⱥ͵ֵĲǿɲһĴ󰡡
􏪵ͷִ˷ˣҪһ
¹ף
ֺ뿪֮֮Ц˵û뵽ͦ˳
˵ͼȻ˳֪Ҵûַˣ˵ʲô̬ȣ
֮Ҫأ
°ͣչУҴأȻ˿ھأ˵ʲôľκˣ
֮¶ЦҪŭ
һԵĬĬĨһѺ»ƵЩǿ췴ɡ
΢Цɡ
ֺȥһ˵ּ峤ܿӦһʮأһʮĶһΪˮһǺ
ˮƵݣˮлʣʶȺ֣ӽˮٺʲ
ҪˮˮҲֲˡ
֮ѾӾг˶ͽϴܽʿȥֵء
λñݿһ죬ʱգš
􏪱ʿȥֲˣԼԣҪֲ߲ϵ硢ӣƹ㡣
ԱǶú⣬»ʵ۵˹֮󣬸ɵĵһ¾ֲˣӹ񣬶û˵Ļʵۣϡ֮
ЩҴҲԹۣ֡
ǵȻҲ⣬ּôͰֵĵسø˳͢ѹһֺ裬ֺأҵĵ
Щȥּ˴ּ˶ʾүӾģ֪
ؽˣ􏪱ץʱ޷خڵĽֵ˵ΪʶΪһݳ˵خнҲǹ׵ġڷخɵҲˣôܹôõĽֵأ
֮ݺ󣬱ͽһʯʯɽʿȥɽʯҡ
Ϊʲôʿ䣿˵æʱ̣ҵڣҶһ㡣
ʯһպã͢ڷخ·͹
خȻݳǣûɽȪˮ⹵Ϊ꼾ʱ迣ˮģԡ
Ҫ鷳һ㣬Ҫʯ壬˶ʧС


96 ʧ
ڴ, 洫šһ𣿡
ſڵֵļ𣺡ڣүͨһ
ͷ˵ͨˣԼȥ
ǵĶԻ, ʷ£˵ɡʲô£
ƿ, ͽˣ, ץһֻ˶󣡴
􏪲죺ʲô˶󣿡ֻʿѺһλСٷ, ֵġ
ЦԼ˵
Сŵһ, ڵϣסͷ, Сԩ, Сʲô֪
ѻ˵, Ǻˣ˵
СսսҽǮС壬ڳǱֵ, ոӪӪָ·ۡ
û˵ȥӪĻ﷿鿴ֲô, ǾȻϴù, ׶, ·, 澹ȻǳԷùףҾ˵ֹһΣˣЩĽʿأʬλز, ҿֱնˣ
ĵ·, ԽԽʱҲӪĻ﷿Է, ˭֪ûԹⷢùס
, , СֻǸѺͣСһŲ֪ǮСͷ絷⡣
վùףǿǺлùصģԶ˻ᵼ¸ΰģص˥߶˵Ǳֵ׷ùˣ
Цûùȥ֪ˡ
􏪴Ьӳ߰ɣȥǱֿ
˵£ҪҪʦȥ
˵ȥȥϻӡ
һѾȥʦˡ
ʣвֲ𣿡
􏪺ȻҪС
һֱʷŶȥ􏪵Ҳֲܣȴֲ֪ܲţ˵Ӧ֡
Сشյ􏪶ߣûоģòȥ˰ɣ
􏪴δزܡڵǵˣһе紵ݶϢ͸Ƶġ
üĻ˹ȥ²̫ʣһὫɡ
􏪵ͷֽһˣȥ֮
֮ڳĻüͷһǧǱ֡
ڶȥ֪֮ͨ˲ȥûã􏪱㿴֮ˣɵЦˣ֮⡣
ͻȻ˾쿴Ụ̃Ķˣ
ͷһһɺ̴ӳǱ𣺡òָ˰ɣ
һ˵ߣϽȥȻ𡣡
֮˵£㻹ǻȥɣȥˣȥС
Уұȥ􏪴ߴٸߡ
һ˿ӱޣǱȥ
ԽԽţϣŨǴַġ
ڷخǱʮһƽϸߵµϣʯͷ޽ܷ֣һжΪ˷ˮΪ˷ΧҲɾˡ
ǸϵʱѾкü˻𣬻ȼţĴ£ֳӵơ
ֿ͸ĴȫڽȻ֮нʿ˾Ȼ飬֦ȥ˵ģˮ̧ˮȥģжˮȥģĴǰ˾ڱˮн
һͿƲס˵⵽صв
Ҫ֮􏪣ҲҪȥȻˡ
ֻ޳ֹӡ֮⣬ֻؿŻƼȼգվЩѾŻĲֿ⣬Ȼΰǰ̫С԰ס
ȵȫסʱѾȫˣʮֱûˡ
ʳսĺζ􏪵ʳճɵĻҽҪڣһ̣ɱˡ
֮ǺڻңĿ¶׹⣬һֲܺڣ
˷Ųֲܳˡۣ·ͷˣǱײײ􏪺֮ǰμ£ˡδܼʱӼݡ
֮γĳڳϣ˵˵ôģ
ɥؽ¹Ҳ֪飬ҽֿм飬ϵʱ򣬲ֿⲻ֪ôѾ˻𡣡
ʳù¸һ¶ͷʧ£Ҫ˵˻ôҲţųǿҿסĵķŭ˵㱨һ»
һԵĲ˱սԤҪ˹ȥ£Ǳֹʮʳİٰʮամյʮ󡢴Լʧʳһٶʮ
˱һֿĴǶ٣
˵үһִʮʳ滹һЩ֡
˵˼ǣյǰЩȫģһʳû
ǣǶǴӺĲֿʳΪЩϰĳףǰߵĶǽס˵
ʱֳĽʿˣºͽŲ﷢ʬ壬Ѿյÿԭˡ
һʱض㺿¹²ϣŵ˻ͲҾ硣˹λ֡ǿ쿴λֵѣ
֮һˣץؽ
ϥһſڵϣ
˵λҪҶǰ飬ԭ´Ѻܾһ̽ӡʵܣ˰㽻Σ
ظû⣬ҵİɡ
֮ǻŭ޴й˵УξĶֵڴƺԷҸȼ
ǣУξæӦ
֮˵жӣݻظ
ų֮ͦ÷ǳֱܸܵƣ֮ɡ
֮û˵ڳſ£􏪱һ롣
˵һ㡣
ࡣ
ҲûõȥҪϴģһɣ˵˵˵
֮ô˵˽ȥϥഥҪ˵ʲô
Ӵ̽ͷ֣ҲҪȥ
˵ɡ
Ҳϣƣس̾һ˻
˵˵öԣǳСӸɵġ
˻벻ʲôΪѻǹյģŻѾˡ֮Į˵
􏪵뷨һ£ʬܵó᲻Ҳǵˣ
ϳ˵£ʬ
˵Уͬһȥʬ
􏪺޺޵˵ΪʲôҪյһٶʳճµĲ𣿡
˴µƲ⣺ΪճµĶù滻˺ף鱩¶һѻ֣ɱ֪ˡ
˵ⶼƲ⣬ó֤СߵݣȻǵļԼ޸͸¶ⷽĿڷ硣һʧ
˵αô鷳ճµĴһپˡ
􏪰֣ʱ̣¼Ƿخļ壬ҲǻΪףǣ̫ࡣٸлдǵˣӰ̫ûãǻλɿ¡
֮һӻ𣺡뽫ȫץѽ͵tĵȥһȺ֪ôĶ
˵Ǿһ棬˭ʵۣǶӡǰĴʷһֻ۱һֻۣȡƽˡҼǵϴȥͳЦѱָľЩ
ҲܱôСطȻ嶾ȫܳ⣬ֱɷҲ
ֻܰοң⻹ֻǹݣǻԭƵ⽫ھ͵ְɡ


97 
, óһۣʧһò顣
ȥλϣɼ֤ΪɱҲû֤ǳΪ, ֻᱻƳһ
λصˣ̵ʱʧ, ҲЩ˵䡣
Ȼϡȥ鰸, ʬ֮󣬵óĽΪͷΪ, , ٱڻ
ȾȻֵֻͳӣڶ, һȥҪʱ, ӦӦ֮, һʱʲʲô
ٵߵݣȻǳϵ֧, ϸҲͨϾôҲǸ, Լ˺
Ҳζ, Ϊ, Լ˶ɱ, ĺɼһߡ
Ѱõ߼еʱ򣬼˹Ȼȫ, һ, ˵һͳˡ
˵ⲻ˷ڷѰҪ뿪, ֱӱɱ˷ˡ
תһ, ûóһõϢ
, λԱ̽һλǲξһλǾ¼£вξǳϱֳ¼ǳӵֶ
ƣȫմ״ʵȹϵ
ַùְֻ˾ǽְ٣ֳôĶ
ΪҪ϶ֵײֻǷùô򵥣ֵĺףˣβס
ٹ˽Ҫٶ״ҪҡŻգһ
􏪿ûŹΪԼУŻ֣һɱڣ֪Ѿһˡ
ֻǿĿǰ֤ݻȫǾȹţκ˶̽ӡ
ȥһұѺڳеһ˽լС
լģΪخʱŵġ˽լˣٹ˽Ϊֱ֮
ûʲôͷһҲʧȥɣҹţøϵ
ÿڼҶ壬ŮҲڡ
􏪣ֻ˵յɫѣзˣ
˵ͦԹɫڰ÷ˮ𡣡
ҲϴδĲҶտɴ
Į˵ûСˣϴһҶţĵҲȲôɡ
Ҳ½̻µݲֽ̻֮ҼҷҶﺢӰԣҶٶǴǰ
􏪷˸ۣϺõǰ裬ȻҶֱǱҶʲôҶɡ
⣺ǰ㡣
˵ӵܹȻҡûˣԼǮȥ˼Ҵҵزȱӡ
ҵļҲѾ𣿡
ǵĶǸ𣿡
ջ˵ҼҴҵڼҶûУѾ˽ļҴҵ󣿡
ҷϱ㲻ɣҲѡģ
ܿ⣺㲻Ƶȫ¶ģ͵Ҷôˣ
ûУԼȥҵĲҶģԼúء˵
Ϊ㣿⡣
˵ͨĵ֪ɣȥ˹˻鱦ϵġ
㻹֪أ
ٴη˸ۣ˼ҵɵء
ʣ»Щ
׬Ǯ˰ƶβʲôˮֻԼ취ˡͬ˵Щ˵ţǰճ϶ָˡ˵Ǻ޺޵ġ
һ£૵˵˰
㲢⣬Ϣͨء
˵ûûУҾھ˵˼䡣
􏪿Ҳز㰡ˣһһǰشʷסԺȥɡԺ֪ʲôϢֱұãǽǡ
ε˵Ҳûֻżһ
ҲøƽЩڹΪٶ꣬ⷬخڼȻأ֪ԸԸҽ⼸壿
ٺЦ㵱ңбȨ֣ôھڡɱӺɡ
˵ֻɱ֮ˡ
ڶǻʵˣòһ仰¡
üҸtк𣿡
ЦҿҲ𣬶һġ
ӣͬ㲻˽ң˽Ļʵۣ֪£ġˣظ֤Լģб
ҡ죬ͣڹٳ켣꣬Ϊ֪Э˶ٻأ˵ġ
ҪλãһҪΥԼġԼܰһ֡
ʼ磺ǾưɡҰæ֮г죬˶õĽ飿
˵ҪſЦģôܸԼĵṩ
ͻȻ˵ʵڿҪҪ˻ؽҵڹѾtĵˣֲЧңﻹ谲ô˿ǣвָܷȡҡ˵Ǹ޴Ҿòߵˡ
ü㲻һȥ֮㣿
˵ȷʵֿܡҸtսѾ޿ɱ⣬˭ҪģҲδɡǣ˽ҵ㸺t𣿡
ĬûtͲ˽tΪˣһ·˵ǾǸԸרϵˣȥˣǰ;ȫδ֪ˡ
˵濼ǴµģǼ嶼ͻȥžķ̫ˣڴˣϲߣֲܶɱˡ˲һ㱾ͲǹˣҲҪ뿪ġҾ˳ˮɡǿǺˣұ㰲һһȥҵĴȥġ
һзǳϣû뵽治ɱҪȥһҲͦݵģ􏪲ɱȴͻصҵtȥ˹ݣȥˣt
ֵİͣ״̬Ϊ֤֤㣬ְֻѺڼΪ飬ȫȥˣӳîͱ
ǰһգ뿪һµڻˣﶼˣ˲ҩġƤëزҲ˲Ǯ
һأ􏪵ķԸĸͭǮ􏪴Լˡ
֮⣬Ӷֻ˲跨ƥӱתƹ˵ʵ治ףϾҪtĵֻ̡ܻΪݡ
һֱ֪յϢ쳣ŭ˰ĹϽ룬ҲζţĹ˦Ķ⡣
˸ӣȻҶӵĵ̣һɱˣ˵Ķھȥˣ
˵㻹ΪԼǺأ˵ɱ˾ɱý֤ݣ
죬̶ŭ˭˵ģ
ˮʦ֪Ҳ֪е˵
վûˣҪȥɱ˲侲
ЦȰ侲ԼˡӢ۲ʳ
˵ûЦ㡣ɴ˺α߳ŭ˵ǿϽҳɡ
˵ҲۣخڼĹϵһء
üǴ𣿡
⻰֮ìҳô䣿ŭ
˵⼸̸ڣΪ׹ϵǲͻơ
֮ȴ˵ãÿʵҲڰԻϾּңƺ͸Ҳ̫
۾һƺȷˡֺʻ
˵ȻҵͻƿڣǱ˽Ұɣ̫Ŀøּ鷳
һҲǣֺǷ˵ֻѸԼ˵ˣ±㽻ˣơ


98 ư
􏪾Լ̫˵, һССʧ𰸣ͱ޲ߣҪ
Լ㣬õҲ̫, ԺҪһ, ô죿
̣֮µĽɽҲҪ
ܸ, Ҳֻһ, 㵽
˼, 􏪾ȥӲͷССٿͨѡο滻ǳɳҪʱ䣬ս׶, ҪסӵЭ
ڹݹԱеƺͦߣԲʲ٣϶ҲеģΪãȻٺòˡ
ϴ̬ȾЩֻǿ̫̫࣬ԭϵ֧֧ڰҲһ, ͶԼϢҵƽҵڵһ嶼ꡣ
Ƕ, ڽֵ, շΧǰŨ񡣼Ҽŵƽ, ΪףգΪףֵ
һϽ, ŷخǵֵһȦ
Ȼû³, ҲܴϿϵ龰, ʮ־ȣȴ˵ÿһµεĹԱ޸̸·һԼһ
νЦЦҲʲôǿ𣿡
˵ëϣȫݵ˰ڷخڣǷƽ
ĶǷخڵ򣬹߲Ͻֻ˵ټֵףԹݰҲûʲôƽɡ˵
ĬĬ􏪡
˵ˣҴ𣬱ȡͷ˰Ķ۹˽һͳһ˰ÿĶȡ
һ죬ȡһ죬ȡ
ҪսҲô̫ƽɼ⸳˰Ϣˡ
бۿδͿʼ˰ǲˣ
Це˵һ£Щȥĸ˰ͶˡЩطǿ֪˶أ¿ѵĵأûм˰Χ
ҡͷ첻
ΪΣ
طѱأСֻݣֲȥ鿴ȷǼ٣
˵׼ӣֱĿƫ̫󣬱Ҫ𡣡
˵ȷطǻമͨ
Ͳ˷ˡ􏪼΢Ц
óͣüȥĺЩĺߣһֻҶָ˺ƣ˶
ͻصſڵʱ􏪸һֽֽԲģ͸˵ĺðɡ
һѩ׵ֽţȷŲǾŵ˵ǵԼֽ
ʹңҲδѩϸȵֽţ˵ǸãԼҲδá
Це˵ֽҲġָǻƥء
ͷһؾã􏪿ЩԲǸһǴĲݰͷЩ̵ġ
˵˻ؼҺúùڰɣҾͲˡ
ȷ˺˳˵ʧİӿüĿˣ
ҡͷδ˿Ҫһ£
˵ƷĲһĹ۲һ£ܷһЩߡ˵ȥˡ
꣬ȻЦл㡣
߷ɱԺӣվԺſڵɷ򣬼뿪޶˲ŽԺӡ
˵鵹ǼƣҿǸʿ֮ˡ
֣֮ˣ㣿
􏪽Ƕ֪Ϣ˱ԴΪֺͨӴʼﻮ
˼ٰ籱̣ǽӴּңҵ˳¼ңԱȣ¼ҵ
¼Ϊ¹أҪһʳǡʳǳǱֱѾյ
ڽ׵ĵ߾񣬲Ҵӳ¼ʮ
ֱѶѺʱĳͳ¼Ҽûͨ¿죬©ٳ
Ŵƭڿסѹó¼ҵľ˹ٸס
ͬһʱ䣬иŬҲӳһǶҵͻƿڡ
ǸһڶĳǮ֮ȥĶӣ˸ţɱģָʹɱ˵ıǳ
Գ¼ҷù׻ȡ˹ٸףΪ˲¶٣Ż֣ɱ֪ٹ˽֪ɱ˳ﲢд̡
¼̰۹޴󣬳û⣬ҪûҲ
¼峤ϣϯ˵ʮʳǳ˵ģǳ¼ҵģѴзּҡʳҲǳ¼Ҵģ˳
ʮʳһĲҲζҪǧĶزܲ
¼Ҳɴ࣬ȫңǧĶص
􏪿ʱ̾Ϣ¼ǮǧĶҲ֮һ⻹ӡӡڰɳ忪˼ĶصĻģԼǴˣǸ¼ұ̫Сһˡ
֮˵ǧĶأû˵ǡɽ𻢵ЧǴﵽˡ
ʣ֣ΰ죿ǧĶأһ
˵ǰְɡ
ֵأ۹˽ǽ׸˰ʧȥصĵũһذǱԵӡ
ͨҪȸ˰ߵö࣬һĵҪũȥ˰֮⣬֣ͨСֵ֡ġ
Ҳ˵ũͨڸɿǿڡ
İӸ˹ݵĴһźţµ۲ʡ͵ĵƣǧǹײֻҪץסѱҲҪһƤ
һʱҴ嶼˲٣ܶŹΰ¼ࡣ
İӰ꣬ԪѹˣҲˡ
һ֮ڴ˶ʼæµ
æ׼·ݵѡοԣԤڹݿѧӣ֮æȡ֮ڽ£æͳݺ͹ݾڵ˿ںء
ȻѾȡͷ˰˿ͽṹջǷǳбҪģʵҲǿġ
˿ͳƲԽֱӵϵͳƣֻĳЩҴū޷ͳڡ
ͳȴֱӹϵ˰գҴͨΪ˰
􏪲˵Ҫһɳ͢ǲӣֻһĶһǵطСɵİӣֱҵĶ
ߵһ˶ԣأطС͸óˡ
صӾѡģѡοԻûʼҲ˿ãֻʿ䡣
ѧӵİ취ݵľɷͳѧٸѧӣļ˵ӡ
Ӷһ䲼Ҳʶ˻ʵۣһЩ仯ġ
􏪻ԤһľʦͲƹ
£½صĶخϿڵ¥˹ҲеŴƾٸϿζˡ


99 
ΪʲôŴ˾ϲ¥˹أȵȻֳ̫, ַʽһαǷ³ȽʺīŪţ˶ͬص㣺ϲǰŪԼ
оŮ˵ĵطǷǡ̶̰ڣ􏪾˼¥صİӣа׺ȻƲǮӴϵģΪ˹ɨصģ¥ٵ氮, л氮, Ҳϻȥ˵ġⶼС
Ҫȡ޹ݵ¥˹ݣ˼ûж, Ϊʱ, ڹ, ҲûеطЩŮӡ
ɴڳһٽֵլӣúװһ, Ϊһ硱Ϊһˡ
һһݣãϰ⣬ѧ۱磬ѺȲ衣
ÿѡһλѱ֣֬ʮšν֬, 􏪴ݴİֽ֬һϸͶ
ĸʾ, ֬д͵ġʾһ, ˱Ľǰ, һ֬׵ķɡ
Ƕô飬˽ϸֽ, ڷخ鷻Ҳû
ֽ, ͨ, ضֵơ֪ϰ徿ΪҲõóĲͷ
һʼӻԾ
ݵĹǣһ⣬һΪһΪÿ޶˫ԣ۵㣬粵Է۵㡣
κ̸ѳ˷У⣬̸ѧ̸ֻǡ
һգǡƷƣڱףǱ״
ֱˮν͹ը˹͵ʿ֮ս
ڱۼĸڣⳡʵ۵㶼õ̫ʸУֻ뿴˫߼֯
һıͳϵ֣ϰʿӣǲμѡοԵĽ뱨ˡ
ݲ裬ҲģṩƲˡˮĵʮһȣˮ
Ʒ衢̸Ҳпɹ˺Ȳż䣬Ǿܾڴˡ
һ翪ݵҹ䣬ʿҹȲһĵʡ
˺ܿʶˣһѹͲΪ׬ǮģΪ˸ṩһȥϾһ˳ľڲһ죬ϰ׬ͷ
􏪼׳⣬硰ŮǷĵ¡˸սǸú͡ȵȣһ൱Ҽ⡣
˱¥Ƴ˸壬ѧͶ壬Ҳ֬סƫʵԣ⣬ˮ˰ļȵȡ
أ˲ˣݵϰͷ²֯οԵλɡ
ʶ⼫пܱǺܶ˶׷ײ뵽ַǷı
ÿղյͶ庯мʮƪ
ûʽԣ􏪾Ѿʼ⿼УЩʿˣϣܹѡγõ˲šϾֻһȫһʿӵĲܡ
Ҳζţÿն¹Ҫľ¡ЩǿԣȻȫʵһ˵¹۵㻹ܹóġ
􏪶һЩֵòѧӱȦҽмơ˪˽ĸܳڲݵĹʾУҲģʾá
ÿյȲݿţ±ѡеĸӱȺѧǵҪճбѡеģͷһ˷ܡ
֮􏪰÷Ȧ̲ס̾ϢֺαءҪԲѡΣڿֲ
˵βֲѡ˲ŵΨһ׼ѾЩͶз˼дòˣЩûпУҲǿѡһõġ
֮˵ôҰ㿴¹ס
¶ЦҪ֮ġڳȱľ֣ϣܴһѡһ֮ˡˣͶǵĵɽˡ
̧֮Ღϵķ˿˵ˡҲϣܹһ佫
βĿҲ俼俼濼ʵԣ濼Ǿ֪ʶʵΪɳ俼ԡ
ͨ˵ѡõķǴӻΪ㹻ḻʵս飬ҲҪ˼ָ䱸ϸߵĹԱǺбҪģ԰Ĺٽеְ񣬸ʿǵ˼롣
Ҫһ֧׷ľӡ
Դһ紴֮¥Ǳ߲Ļžࡣ
ҲѧӴӲݳıУ߶ŮԵ̬ȣƺϲŮԵˡ֪Щ׷б˭ǹײȻǲ¥ˡ
οΪڴıǺѧӣµƺܲϲƷƣӵһıҲܿԲѡοԣζţѧӵĴ쵽ˣڲΪⱻѹˡ
³һѡοʽӡ
ʮѧӽ뿼ʼ⡣ԵݱȽϸӣǼ򵥵·ۣиֵʶˮ֪ʶũѧ֪ʶɷ֪ʶǻʶĴ⡣
ʱΪһ죬ɹͷʳ룬ޣҡʾ࿼Աȥ㡣
ʵ􏪱㿼ʱǵһ¹ذսͲòһ㣬ÿҲгԣʱȥ˼
Ŀ􏪺֮ģȻûдӦ٣Ҳ൱􏪵Ļš
ڹٳ꣬ȻҪϵֻĳЩ۵ͷʽ􏪵ϣʱ􏪱ԼĹ۵㡣
Խ֮Ϊ٣о
ȻÿһԾҪ֣֮ΪȽ˽􏪵ƫãܽòõֿܷϲõԾ
ʮԾ󣬵÷ʮ߲һ룬ΪУ̫ˣѾǰһ˿ԷΧ
􏪻ԿʮԾʵĳľͲˣпȦɵģǿԹܹ񣬱ɵطȥθС
ӳŰһʮ죬ֱʮգŹ
֮ǰЩߣϰС􏪾ĲܹȻ˼ٵġ
񵥽خڶϲΧЩϰߵڻءѡȻԣǶⲻ󣬶ǰ;ġ
􏪿ϰ¼ȡһУʿռɡ
ȻʿӵѧʶͲӵܣοԱУʿӾռ߳ϡ
ʿӵܶڹУҲǲ̫ȷʵãҲǲ̫ѡοԣֻǰϧԸײμӿԣһӵܣǶඪˡ
һΣĵȷȷӵܳˣѹԵʤʿӵܣ˵ǵѧԴḻʿӵܡ
Խ֮󣬱ԣԹΪˣ֮ʿҪλٿը⣬ʲãӦԲá
Եʱ棬ʵʱдóȥݸ֮ʡ
ΪһֵԻ􏪱ˣѡΪʮ˽ԡ
һѡοԣ״ٳǲġµĽſԣʮգʽѡΪһʱ̭
һ˽ѡ䵽ְλȥԼˡ


100 
³һ, Ҳѡοԡݵ˿ԼΪݵʮ֮һȴнˣ˵ԼݵӰҪԶڹݡ
ҲͬĿ⣬Խ, ҦաƾơϺ顢ɽȽг, ٽԾخˡ
ΪԷԾ;гʧ𻵣ٻһɼ
ݱȻ, ɼûݵı, ¼ȡʮ, ǰĿѡǰݣԣҴʻڳְ
Ҳ˵, һѡοԣ¼һʮˡҲΪƵĿ̫ˡ
ʱ򣬷خ˶ʮˣֱŵУӻ
􏪵ƵĿǰб뻧, ֮Σ
οԽ֮, 􏪴㽫񲿿, Ϊ, ֡⽻⡣
֪Ǵͳ˼, ͳ, ĸȽϴ
, ܹͬ˼ģ֮ҲԽ̳Щѧ
Щѧ̫ᣬΣֻڰײԼѵģһ½ķ
ȥɽʱܾˣˡѴ˱½ܵ˴ΡڸĿˣҲζţѾϿ􏪵ݡ
Դǿе˵Ҳ֪˵ǡ˼ƺûиʵѡҳҵˣ˲ȱ˵տѡԣ׶ˣ˵ְ񣬷ǵ¸߲ܵԲ˳֡Эң
ź룬̾ҲԸʵҲ㳯ιְֻиǣ
􏪵ͷȷǿˡ֮λֻλԴˣ˺ʱͨˣҡʲôʣϣܵõ˵ɽ󡣡Ȼ٣Ǿ͸Լʰɡ
ûܾԸΪЧ͡
Ծûιְ􏪻ǰְΪٺ»زȥҵֲܳˣһܲɽա
񲿻ǴˣһлӵʿΪɣרŸˣΪǰݵѧӷӣѧٺʲˡ
˿ڹѧͯȻݲᲢۡҪ޽ѧӣƸķӣҪ׼Ľ̲ġ
ѧ̶ͯܽձҪݸһЩвѾϹ˽ӣԲǶǳ̲࣬ҲͲֻ徭㹻
Ҿ徭Ҳû档ӡˢЧ̫ͣɱ̫ߣ􏪾Ūӡˢ
˯ʱ􏪶֮˵֮հȥһݣ̰ʦӹҪչ
֮Щ⣺ڹմ
ҡͷմҴ֡
֣֮Ūˡ
􏪽ͣӡˢ̫ˡ뽫ÿһֶģȻһƪµҪѡģŰ棬һ־ܷʹãҲͲҪÿ鶼һˡ
֮ס􏪵˫磺ֱ̫ˣС㻹ʲôϲҲ֪ģ
􏪿֮ɵ֣Ƕǧļۣ֪ܶܶ࣬ڼܶ඼ûʵ֡
֣֮û£û£һ£Ѿ൱ˡӡˢ󽵵ӡˢɱºͯϵѧȫˡôôأ
ⲻҴ̫Ҳʰ۰ˡЦ˵
֮˵ҲҪ
˵˵
֮˵ɴ˵ߵġңtʱϾ˼ߡһٽ£ԺǾֻҪרĶԸ߼ɡ
􏪳Ƭ̣ȷʵǸûᡣֵֻũæʱڣ̫ݣҪȷһ£ݾڻжʳܹ֧Ŷõս¡
֮˵Ѿͬɴ̹˵Ŀǰܹ֧µս¡ҾÿԷһɽ·ݱˮ·Ӻӱƽ½·ӱΧƽƽǽݵڡ
˵Ŀǰұ
֮򡣽һʵʱҹƲΪطܻһЩԿáǰеĹ߳ݵı˵ǧˣʵϣҽֵʱ򣬽ǧˡݱѾһһǧݡѾ£ǶפصǧҲ齵ǡĿǰʵʱӦһҡ
һݴʷֽ˱Դأ􏪾ⲻ޿ܡ
֮˵ҲӦû㹻ıСļҪʱ䣬㲹˱ԴҲһȺ±ǵƸĿǰǹõʱ£㶨ᡣ
˽ʱ֮ٽ􏪱£ͨƺֻ㣬ǵʱ򣬻Сб£ǾͱȽˡ
􏪿֮Ŀǰжٱ
оǧǧݽ
á˵̿ԣǴ򲻿ɵģҶݣǸ
֮˵νݽһݡ
Ҳã԰ŵ尲פһ֡µı㰲ŵȥ·ˮҲһ¹ݵĻ
֮˵ǧפ㹻Գǧٳһǧطخ
􏪿ۣ֪֮Ѿö⣬ϣƲ󣬵ʱȷʵոպãеðգֵãӦ֮Ǿʹɣʧʱɴ̫հǰ˺ǲеģҪ
֮Ц˵İɣ£бʤİա֮ڱض½ݡ
˵̰ðȫ֮ߣǳҲݵѾˣٹ£ݵҲˡ
֮ͷáȥһݣɽо·ߡ
˵ãճ֮ϣִ¡
ʱȷǹݵʱƲӣtս£࣬ϾϹˡ
ΪϣֻԶĲԼԺϵİˮʦɡ
ݶĽݺòȥعϡǰԾĵ̣͢Դ˵صĿƻϱߵĹݡ
tߴûʮİǲ̫ܵġtпܹݵķʽˮʦǰ
عݣΪˮʦ
ճ֮ϣһ£֮ʾ֧֣ԭЩԱ̫Դ̡˵ƫһСӹ÷ǳ⣬ûҪҲʹ졣
µȻҲῼЩ˵ֻ֪һˡ
ɢ󣬴Ҹȥæ֮һоо·ߣȻȥš
֮ȥ㽫ȥ۰źڡ
չ֣ιݣҲȥɡ
̧ۿѾ˰
ģʲô񣿡æʡ
˵֮ݵ˧һߣⷬخǵķؾֻܽˡ
ʧذû
һtˮʦˣǶڣô죿􏪿
һҲǣǰ˵ĿԲ󣬵Ҳܲ
Ц˵԰ˣ
ڶգ֮ȥݡ
պ֮ݷأǧݽ
ɽҪݱݾԶڽݽһ췴ݾΣˡ
􏪱㽫Щݱɢݸȥ·ˮҲų԰׷紴һֵ
Ƚݱ֮ٷЩ˻ȥؽݡ
³壬֮ڷخʦȻһһǧνݡ
ʮպ󣬹ɽǧݽʿ˴´ҲǧӺϳһͬǰƽ


101 ճ
ɾ, Էһͯڹе􏪡̧ͷһųСԴӴ̽Сһﻢͷ, Բ۾, ɷǿɰ
ΨһڽԼɾģֻɰСһˡЦ, Ծȵ춼ˣˣԷˡ
еıʣվȴ̫һ˻ȥϽСģ
􏪰ڰ֣޷Ѫвһ±á
۵˵ջӰɡ
˵졣
˵м̰, , ˼
ô˼һˡЦߵű, ָ˿ɰСƽСȥԷ
ƽץס޳ʳָ˵ƽöҪԷ
, Ҫһ롣
Ҫ롣Сһ亣ڡ
һһСȥ, ƽͻȻͷʣɾʦأ
⻰·һأһֱû˴˲ӿͷ, ͷ, ǳɫĳ쿴ȥһԷˡ
֪ﰲӪ, ¶Ұ
ƽŶһʦҲһ˯ˣ
, ӽ, ֻ㰢ƽ˯ˡ
ƽʣʦʲôʱ
ܿͻˡ
𣿡
졣
Ǻ죿
ҲҪܶԺ󡣡
Ǻþð
ǰҪþء֮һ뿪􏪵ľͿģһĲ
ϴݵսһⳡսȷ̫ˣʱܷϣ֮κʧȻҲϣʿǶƽ
Ȼ˵ȴҲ
ɾսұʫˡƽ˵
􏪽ƽİʲôʫƽᱳ𣿡
ƽͷţӽʷ˼ɣɽ硭
􏪾ȵط֣ƽȻʮĹʫȫˣ⺢²ء
ҶæƽСչšСخûѧƽʱҲû􏪵ѧ
ƽǣѧϰʱ˳Ҳ̰ƽʶ֣û뵽ƽĽ֮ǿ
ƽҲ̫Ȼᱳôʫˡ˵ڰƽСһ¡
ƽˣ􏪵Ĳӣһᱳᱳ۲׺
ŰƽʫǲǸøƽҸϿΣôɳɳѧѧ
СҲҪϿβУм˼Ҳüѧ
СӶ⣬һҪ佫һҪҽöѧ»ˣֻԼȤıҽ顣
􏪻ǾͰƽȥѧӣԼٹǵͯɣ
Ҷ߻аƽôǵСһ􏪲Ųڳҹйߣױֻһֽ˼֧䡣
􏪱ͨæѹЩ
ϳл¶ɫ˷ܵ˵£ǳհյģʸ¹Ŀ˵ţһСС̳
􏪿ĶǳϲѾճˣļģóڰϲŷźãͷϸȶţе㲻̫ƽ
л˵һЩƵʱΣǻὫÿյõġ
صͷԣ͸ÿٵһҳϿҲжͬ֡ģ̨մ˵ī֭ùһֽһȻЦˡ
վŵĹԱǶؿһһ͵˵е㲻̫ǵ˵ʲô
̲ס֣˵ʲôأ
􏪰һ֣лˣȥһﶼһ¡ϳʲô𣿡
лӵǼƳɵĻ֣͵ϵļλԱǱ·Ĵ٣±㽫츲صı仯
һģ֣ϸһ£ӡ°ɡ
Ц˵ӡ£ģǰµУȻˢīӡˢˣӡپӡ٣ӡʲôӡʲôлӡˢ
գһ۾ǰɣ֣Ҫ찡
ϵĹԱ޲һ֮飬һֳԶһݳް£Ϊ̫ˡ
ҲΪԭ򣬶һֱһΪ߹£ͨûйϸġ
ǵĻʵ۾Ȼ˻ӡˢζŴ󽵵˻鱾ѶȣԺͨƽҪ飬Ҳʲôˡ
һٴ룬¶˵һʱĴ١Ҵ˵ʲô¡
֮ǰƳѡοһ£Ҳʲô޷ǾǾƷƻ˸ʽƲôԣҪ徺ᡣ
Ҳ£ʿӵԸƣϾǵѧϰԴຮ޷󼰵ġ
ڣ􏪲ҪŪӡˢҪȫѧӣ˼ҵĺҲѧζţʿҪЩһȥμѡοԣδҲ̫ʿ档ǿ벻̣
һģ˿ճģúܳʱɣ֮ǰǸҪöࡣϲ£Ƶķ
̲סЦʲôʱ򶼲׬ǮǸǮ¨ӣ䲻˵˵ơ
˵µ䲼һʥּӡˢ˱¶˲ɵáӡ飬ЩµĶˣض˻ֻ֮͡ҪǮģǻܿӡҵԺºγǮƽ£
ǼԱ˵ӡһ£ԻʿӵгΪһʱ¡
˵ҵû˷¢ϡ䵹ң䲻˽ӡ飬Ҫӡ飬ضҪٸ룬׼ӡ顣˼ʱ͸ץˣҪöݺˡ
˻ӡˢԺֽܳԼĹ۵˼ͷˡ
ջӡˢ˳ϵһڹԱڼʶ􏪵ı졣
ЩĿⳤԶ֮Ҳʶһ£һ̺ܴ塣
􏪵ıĵİǰʱ˽괺ջӽˮӣռǵõӽˮִ¸ߣӽİٽ
ĿǰӽˮͲڴּˮ
Ϊȷʳ􏪻ʵʩ˵㡢ѼַѼӺ㶼ԳӣԷֹ溦һܷڷʣܲѼӺ㣬νһá
ȵһˮո֮󣬾СΧƹֲӽˮˣȻҪĻ֡괺죬ڷخһͶϸ߲ӽˮˡ
°ߺ괺죬ܹݷΧֲӽˮˣһ̴˳ݶܹӽˮˡ
֪􏪷Ļӡˢ֮ʱ􏪣ӡˢǱ·ģ
˵ǰɣôˣ
˵ӡ¹˭ܣ𣿡
˵ԣ񲿣Ұлˡ
ͻȻ˵֮ǰ˵Ļ𣿡
ʲô
˵˵ҵһְ
ЦȻ㡣Ҫ𣿡
˵


102 
û뵽һӡˢ͸㶨, ˹ȻҪ˵
˸Ҫ󣺡һؽҵµ̴뽨ҵܷ񽫼˽ݣ
˵ȥ취, ˽
¶취, ڱ㣬취Ƚ϶ࡣ
􏪻㱨Ϣ, ˵ǴӶһٶƥ
ƥÿ治ף·շתĸ£ڵִݡ
һ·ͨؽڣ˾ţ֮ʱһʮƥ͵ʱֻʣһƥˣЩ, Щ, Щˡ
􏪾, ܽƥظϵѾǸ漣ȻʣһƥѾ׬ˡ
˵Щ״̬ΣܲһǰĽʿ
˵һûϸ, ͷ, ǿУһȥ
ʱ̫ˡȻ㽻ĵƲ׷ӳ, 䡢šϮҲǱزٵġ
, һҪȥ졣􏪽ҪӼ˵˵ˡ
üֻ²̫ð, ҵ˿ͱˡ
˵ðҲ, ѾӦˡ
ȥ԰ɡ˵, ѵ𣿡
ȥ˵
Ӧ֮Ҫڰѵİ취ѵһ񣬸ҲܰһЩѶȽϸߵ¡
Уȥʡ˵ˡ
һƥУѡʮƥ׳ǰߡ
֮սʱÿձ㷢һ⣬;аγ˼أ˽ݾװԷΧƽʱԷӱ
ʮ󣬹ɽҴӺϳձִƽƽǴŽգܲӭս
􏪲Ͻӵǰߵսǰڵս󣬳ŵıǧطıֻ࣬мˡ
֮зӦƽϵԽ񱩶϶࣬ҪפЩ
о˳ȴе㲻ݸݲ̫һݳսƵԣݴʷɽսḻԲ׾䡣
􏪽֮صսùϸһ£ָصرܿ飬ÿפصıң಻٣ٵò̫
􏪸Ͻ顣
􏪵ķ˵ݾûпϤεƣܿὫĲӣȻӺжݲߡ
˵㵹赣ģὫϵˣǺڵĲǴ½ߵģǴӺߵģɽѺͣѾ·ˡ
˵Լĵǣڵֿܣݱ֮󣬽ݴʷϵдһսӦ׼ƽпڶǿյģݱɢƽ⣬֮һҪ򣻻һָǽݾѾخ·ˡ
һ˵꣬һ˵ȥǵĴӪ͵ϮǵĴӪ
޿ܡ˵Դӽݾȫû󣬽ݾ޶ҷаɽʼնûӦ˵ڳıˡ
˵ɾǽݱҲһʱܴ·خǡ
tҲǰأѹɲҪˮʦԽԽľtɽôƻخмǧԼɡ
һۣ˵øϽŸɽ̽ƽʵ
˵ҪǽݾѾ֮ظҲ˰ɡ
˵ʵܣϽץʱŲ鷬خǵĳ˿ڣǽǵˡϳʵǿƣϽŸɽ̽ʵͬʱɳڹݾڡؽв̽ûпɵľ봬ֻ
ǣ£Ͻȥ¡
ЩԥҪô֮˵һжֻԼƲ⡣ݴûʽֱ֣ӳԼƲʿ൱Ĵ
ԼƲخضãֵܹǻԮ
ߺ·ƽصݣҲҪ죬½·ƽҲҪ¡
ʣ֮дţ¶ҡġû˵ֻίɽ˼ܣк֣һҪСġ
Ҳʲôӳ򡢼ǿ̲顣˴ӳǱ˲ʳһ򣬾һ
СŰƽԺǧӵЦ棬ôа¿Ǿá룬ҪƽԶƶá
պİҹͻȻһجξѣһĨһѣ϶Ǻ
ԱߵİƽСһҲǺģȵò쳣ƣ쫷ǰס
ڴ磬ͻȻԺſѹ˵ȻǼٵĽŲҹã££ѡˮʦˡ
ɡȴƽ·ֻѥڻǵˣµĲtǲǳɳģһֱѰһɱǡ
Žĵƽݣķⲻ¹ɺ޵tóὫ뿪ʱϮ
˵뿪ġtˮʦ˶٣
˵ݳϢԼʮҴƲˡ
ĵһˮʦܹ򣬴˴Ѿ˴롣ôˣ֮ûнݾߣҲһûʤս
tҪԼˡ
зˮʦʲôʱܵʡ
˵հִܵǳӭսسУ
˵ءϾͰ˴ӳǱҪʳˡŸ֮ݣ˵ߵȥ̽һ£ݾǷҲˡ
˵á
ˣ£費Ҫȳ뷬خὫս
㣺ܳ⼸ǧʿܳȥǳˣаջôǣΣձĻʵۿ²ǰԸġ
첻سǵĹٱͿʼӳǱְʳǣַˣʳûطţռзš
˵԰ʳؼңʮ˷ܣʳ
ʱҲ˲ôˣıΧǣҲҪʳġ
磬еߵǬ֮ƣ꣬쫷½ˡ
رгţǽعζٸΪʲôԭҪʳУѵΪ쫷𣿿쫷ΪʲôҪʳأ
ϯضԺﱻ紵ɵĴʱдЮƮĴϡ
عһԣ£ȥŹ˰ɣˡѾˮʪһ롣
􏪰֣ùأҾϲꡣϣøһЩҪͣա
⣬tˮʦʱӦûû麣ڣںϸⳡ쫷磬ԽˮʦͻԽء
Ҵܽ¶ʪ͸ˣֽɡѾˣɡǶ˼ɷǱ벻⣬Ц£ǣûˮʦĴֻǱ쫷סˡÿ籩øЩɣ
˵ƻʪ͸ˣȥ·ɡ
˵ûһҪȥĴ꣬ʲô߶ס
˵Ҫı̫ܺˣ治̫ȫóǶȳɡ
˵ܳԽʱϢԽҪ¹ȫ˵İΣ􏪵İΣ
Ǿ½·ˮ·̫ȫˡ˵
ףʱˮ·Ѱ·𡣡˵ţ·ģ֮ӣһζܻΪġ
ԿЦ㼪ԣ


103 Ǵ
ⳡһҹ, ֱڶ峿ͣ
굼齭ˮλǣƽ˽һ, ǵĺˮϯľݶ, ¡
÷خԾοǣ걩Եķخǽö, ֻмƽϵ͵ĵط˶ݵԣʧҲҪˮǿ¹
նпµ޵·͹һĺ¡
һҹˣ뻤ѾڴͥԺǿöϵ֦ҵͥԺ, Ϣ
ƽҲһ, Сһ˲ע, Сľ͵Ժˮȥˡ
СնϴˮʱʧɫƽСڣôֵˮȥˣ԰ƽ¼, ҲҷͬĴ
􏪻ع, Ժİƽ˵ƽԣȥˮ, Ҫƨɣ
ƽֺõЦƽɹ, ûŪʪѡ
СϽСڱ, , , ǵ˼ˮûд󰭣ƽˮ¾Ͳϲˡ
ƽСֲ˽ţСѾܵߣգɾϲƽˡ
􏪵ıӣɾϲ֪͸ĵĺúӡ
ƽæ˵ƽ֪˰ƽǺúӣɾ
˵ɾͻϲƽ
ƽ􏪵üģɾʦ𣿡
􏪰ﰢƽͯͯôģȷʵ֮
֮tɳˮʦҲη壬Ϊ֮һᱣԼ
ҹѾǹηخزס֮ôһɱtԼȻأ
Ѿȥˣϣڻں޺Уôء
δǿҵ֮
ƽٴ􏪵ӣοɾģʦѾȥ˺ܾãͻˡ
􏪻عͷŰƽСһ£ǵģϣͻˡƽοˡ
ƽ􏪻վľذϣֻСȭͷһᱣɾģҲ书Ȼ󡰺߹һӳСȭͷ
ݸӹȻĴڡ
ͬһʱԺӣջһ·ŵķٻʪģҲûüϴһ
ϻմ˲ңͰ͵ģһɫذһɣˡöó׼Ե
˵ˡСȥԸЩʳ
СϽȥˡ
˸ǷһϢ˵ڱصĺ̲ϷִֻƬмʬ壬ѵ˰ˮʦľơǳˮʦ˲С鷳֪˼ҴҪȫ򷭾ʡˡ
˵Ǵ˵ѡ֮ӣ춼Ҫtαۡ
Ц˵վ˵ˣ֮ˡǾԿԷ׻ġ
̾Ϣϣܹ׻ȻСˣˮʦҪˡ
ǣѾԳǽķ²ûиʮ£빥ʳ࣬סǡҲ˸Ƿ
Ƕһҹδ˯˵ȥϴ裬Ȼ緹ȥ˯һŵ˻δ񡣡֪㰲ˮʦϵخҲڽ칥ǣ˵״ȻҪ⡣
ʳ󶼻ȥ˯ˣϷخ¥Ͽһ£ǽ϶˴Ӻ̲ϼĴССĺʯ⼸˹ȥ׼ġ
վڳ¥Ͽ⣬ϽˮѾһƬǵĻɫһЩ̲ߵѾȫûˣϧˣˮвһ¾Ϳոˡ
ʱˮʦֻӰ֪ڵ˺δ
һֱ˵ڶգˮʦֻˣֻʮһҡǴֻĹģС㣬ÿҴװˡҲ˵ˮʦ໹ˡ
֮ǰ㱨һ˵쫷ˮʦĲһҴʧǺܶҡ
ˮʦͣˣʿ˴ڷخӪû󣬿Ҫһ¡
Щˮʦȥ˳ļׯ˲ٸɲ̣֪Ļģʼڳ췹
˯һ˾񣬳Ա֮󣬾˳ǽֿʼƣ԰ˮʦ˵ǿһ㣺֮ˣӣtɱȴ⵽ǴְѵһĴ쫷磬ŭͷǣ벻ʲôɡ
˵ţڰˮʦʿȴͬһ޴ģ
􏪱̫ӣƵΪǰѹȴһƽ쫷硣
쫷磬Ӧýܷ磬Ȼ˹һ㣬Ȼںʧ˷һֱ쫷籩ӭǶûҵںδ
Ϊ˲ӣֻҧ÷ǳ쫷һս㲻ܿƵػײеֱײ˴ʼˮûˮʦʿǷ׷ˮԾȣ˺̫ˣû˱ֻ
ڴСһҴվ˼ʿ䣬Ͼͱһ޴ĺ˸׳죬ǼոϴʿҲûҴϵĽʿҲû˱
ɫԽԽҲһƬڣѸ㲻ֻʧȥ˷ȫܿƣǾһƬҶƯŰĺУԴ󺣵͡
Ǹ쫷;캧˶˴ҹ˿ûʤ㣬˺ҹǵĴֻڱ쫷ε˰ߣϲê쫷ȥ
֮Ъס㴬ֻʮҴֻʮңһС룬Ҳ˵ûм˵ӣǾһʿ
ΪĵǣĴֻҲˡģ֯ȥѰЩʧɢĴֻ
ں뺣Ѱһ죬ֻҵ˰ҴһǺõģֻһСһ¾ܼãѾòˣĽʿҲ٣ǻ˲ٴֻƬûȷҴ
һصĴֻУҲûսҲ˵˵ӰӶûѾԼʿ
ʿıͳ˿ֻ벻ڱôһ˵ʱҿԸԵų벻ֻͬߣˮʦ飬ܶ˻ûʼ˽֣Ѿʧȥ˶־
Цų􏪵أϲ£ϲ£¹Ȼѡ֮ˣ֪Ǵ˿̴ƣǰôˡ
Ҳ⣬û֣Ȼͼôˣ
خڼҲǧʿ򰲹ˮʦ൱ģսǲܵģֻܺš
خոտʼ֪Ҫ̣ΪرճΪ˶Ը쫷磬ֱ쫷ͣˣɽգ˽ڵ˳ȥǲŲ
ȵˮʦһϢԭҪˣˡ
һʱĻ̻̣ҿʼֻö˶˵ôˡҸĵǣ˳ţûطˣӿզ
ˮʦִ﷬خڶգ齭ˮλڿʼˡˮȥһεĻ棬ٴֻǳ˺Ӱϡ


104 ¾
ǽϵķخһ, Цô
ֱûЦͷһٱţ˳ﶼ, ڳͷϴˮʦ
ˮʦ޵, ǲϤ齭ӵ, ʱΪϰ, ȻԽԽȫ˭֪һϦ֮䣬ˮλˣ⴬ͣڰء
˵£ҲﲻסЦȫޡǰˮʦһ˰ɡ
ˮʦĴԽΣǾս־
ǾͿʼؾˣóѾһս, ͷڹꡣ
Ϊܽĸ֣ŲԷƣֻñ˱ķݣøˡ
ˮʦؾ, ׼ǡȥخĴץ˲ٵذչΪԼ, ֮󣬾Ϳʼǡ
һι, ϱšսǰ׼, ˮʦ˲ش, ûȡκνչʧ١
ܿ, Ǿ͸ı˲, ݵİץ˻, Ǽݴͷǽ
ǰͷˮʦںšһͷľӾͱԥΪǷֱ治ЩǰЩǵˡ
ɱɣǰ涼޴ĵ޹գɱɣڰмֶ׼ĵˡһԥ͸˵˿ɳ֮سǽʿ˵˵Ȧףװ׶ʧ
ڶιǣһͱˮʦڣخʿҲ˲١
޹Ҳսʧȥ
􏪲㱻ˮʦɥĲľٴѪǾȻѹݰյ˵˺ͶԸԼĹߡ
Եк𣿰ľӣ
Ƣ̣ųµİˮʦƿڴѹǻǴȺɥĲ򡢹֣Ѿˣǹʵһޣɥõգǣ
Ȼˮʦƺץס˷خߣȥخĴׯץٰչ
Ȼսһخİվв˿ʼ룬ҲһЩ̫еαץİУвٸͯ
ˮʦڳ£ųخڵѽţջųǱ㽫еİɱ⣡
Ϣʱ򣬻ѪҺˣȻбĶ֣
ڣ􏪺һȺһԲߣոӦԡ
˵վܿţȺɥĲĿľΪ˼ŭǣһȥǵ»ǲǧˣǺʤ㡣ΪΪ⣬žȥ
˵ҲΪܳȥǵĹơ
􏪳̾պ޹tѾǵԼİˡŰΪ
˵ҲΪܿ¿ǼȻܶԳİ֣᲻Գڵİأخʮڱ֮֡˼
˽ԷԿӭУǵļСȫڳڣһţ˭ҲӲ¾ˡѾףҪͶtѾˣΨһϣֻǰˡ
􏪳ĬԶԣ֪Ȩ֮·۰׹ǣѪܵĳչǰʱ껹ֹסս̫Ҳ̫ɺˣ
tѾˣħ
֮􏪿ˣԹʤսҲδûУڰƵ
Ψֻҡͷںϣҿðһԣ½ҲС
ֻҡҡͷ
􏪼˵µп׼˱𣿡
⵹Ǹӡֻ˭ʤΣʡ
ڵϴӲڵͻȻվ˳ϥڵϣ£Ըɱ
􏪸Ͻȥ𣡻ʵܣˮʦ˭
˵Դһ˵ˡ
üкιϵҲ̫𣿡
ҡͷǰû˵Ե佫̫Ҳֵܣĸӵƺεˡ
􏪲²ԴϵԼֵܱˡ
ԴǸʲôˣʲô£˭Ҳ֪ɱ쳣ðա
οҪͻҵ˧ɱѶ֪֮
˵ƶһܵļƻСȥðգİҪҲͬҪܰװȥ
֮
˵£Ҫʵдɱ񣬳һ
æ˵Ͻ˵˵
˵оڣҪҵ˧ɱڵ죬ûҵĿͱˡ
􏪵ͷȷˡ
˵һ޷ġҪһȺȥѡһ˼װӪЩץʡоһעȻƵȥհˮʦĴֻװǵԮֵˣɴģĻңлᡣǿϧЩ
صͷǾȥŰɡ
ͷȻմһֻˮʦֵȥ
Լɻ󣺡н֮󣬴ҲˣˮʦѾ·ˣ᲻񣿡
¶ɫоһǱضĴңԽһʤ
ЩˮʦɥĲӣôıǹݵİգݽ˼
􏪶˵ʵܣҵͣȥڸ˽˳һȥ
ԥƬ̣ЩҶ˽δԸϡ
˵Ǿ͸ǣղͬ⣬ǵ³ͻͳİһtǲٰǵģһƣ֮ա
ЩҴ֮ǰtл룬ʱˮʦɥĲ񣬿һ˿ҲʧˡʱѾ·ˣֻѡԼˡ
ųЩҴ壬л˽ôҲǧɣǵսһЩ
ҪȥԱһ³е׳ҪʱҲҪǵļˡ
֪􏪵ļƻ̾ʵ̫ðգսв˰յġ
˵Ҽһֱˣеķ̫ˡ
ҡҡͷҲ˵˵ʵǺ»ǻ£Ѿ֪ˣtĻʵۣԻµѡ
˶ȥæˣ􏪹ڵذϣɫһ㰵ȥ룺֮ڣ᲻ͬԼðգڣⳡսʤӦٰܴɡ
ҹзˣǰûֱ􏪵¡
􏪶ʮΣʮлл㣡һҪŻ
˵һϲ¸֡˵һ¡ллЩıӻûܻ»ᡢһֱǵ𣿡
ˣҲʮֶݣȻһԶǵ㡣ϣܻţһҪִϡ
¶Цݣлл£һŬġҪһںڰе˻£űһܹġ磬չ˺ñ¡
˵һġԼһҪСģ򲻿ɴ⣡
ͷš£ˡ
˵˷ߣ
˵ˣȥͬɴ˵Ȼϡ
˵ҵջԳ
е㷢᣺ã


105 
һҹ, Էخǵ˵עһ֮ҹ
һֱվԺųϷ쫷Ѿȫȥ, Ǻ, Ѭ, ө, һõҹ
Ȼõҹȴɱ֪жҲյĳ
һҪúõѽ􏪵ˮ͵÷ۣڽסԼ
֪ӸλĳҪӲ, ΪҪȨףһˣһˡ
Щˣ˭ǵѪأ
ߵ󣺡, Ѿվ˺ܾˣЪϢһ°ɡҹæ
􏪻ͷ壺, ƽ𣿡
˵²õǣʮǼõ, ṦҲõ, һȫˡ
Ըˡ, ڵ£, ȴѾûʲôɿĶ, ȫˡ
˵뿴ʲôе۶, ºҹ
֪Ҳʱ׼·Ȼƻǽʿ֮͹رճţǽʿǶˣֻʣ޴յĳֶܼã
Ĭ˵£Ҫ㻹ȥ㰢ƽ˯ɣʱҽ
􏪰ڰ֣ӱʼժһ֧ʣùֽʼ֮дš
֪ǲԼһθ֮дţҪ¶һ˾ʣϣһҪúûȥһ⣬˺ܶˣ˺ܶ£ûа
дţָһ֧յøһЩ
􏪺Ȼ˵ϣܴ֮ۿѾʪˣ֪ⲻԼ֮ǧ֮Ľݣг
˵ὫȻѾڸϻ·ˣ²ձܼˡ
΢΢Цһ£û˵
дҳֽд֮һŷװڷڵȻŷдϡ֮ұܡ֮󣬰ҽ
岻֣ºβԽὫ
˵ⲻԷһ
ûһְһᱣȫºͰƽġƶ˵
Ҳû磬ص䣬ڴϣƽѾ˯ˣҲû·􏪽Ƿ˰ƽ½
Ȼţû˯ţԺһֱڻԼĵεΣ벻ãȻô£һ㣬ΰ
ʱУһֺźţҲǿųսźš
һµ壡
£ǰԺźˣɹˡǼ
􏪵ֹסЩ°ɣ
˵书ǿᷢźţӦò¡ɴ˵ҲӦġ
ҴҶ£ʿѾˡҲ׼ˡ
һ˫Ь􏪻Ь²ܴľˣ㡣
彫˯İƽ
􏪴ЬӣͼԺԺͣ˶ˡҶ􏪣¡
􏪳ŴҿЦһ£۴ˣһҪԼ
˸Ứ˵ǧҪô˵ҲҪԼ
Ժһֱصȴţʱȥ̽ϢĽֵ϶׼ӵİգѾ콫ֵˡ
Ҳ˵ʱ䣬аǾԻһв˿ϰɱϣЩԱ׳ܹˮʦûսȫǲƲԡ
ʱ̣㱨Ϣˣˮʦɱ࣬ںͷخʿԼ׳ռսвٰӿȥ
üȻô٣ôƵģ˭ĳŰɡ
˵̫ңûв
˵׼
˵ȵߣ̫ˣðȳš
岻ͬ⣺УǱȺУһҲˣ߾ˡţһǸϽԺţ
뼸мӣװһЩ鼮ۡɷڵȣһЩϴѣϸ١ӱ߻ĽͭǮһУûȥǣϾҪΪ
ȫϼҴڷЯѵˣľ󲿷ˣԼǴӱӱսҹģû뵽ôƫԶĹݣɰѲսݱ
􏪴ӳпЩգлԹԼɣΪս˹
̫࣬Ų役ؿǰ󣬱ɻİˮʦйȥ֧Ԯ
ԾϷѸȥ
􏪾ȵؿˣѵİû뵽Ѿôˡ
ڣֶǺֿʼɧĳˡϽֵİնڷس壺߰߰ɱˣ
ֻͬХһϯ̼䣬ԭȻĽֵû˿ʼһеǰ壬ʼֲ̤󣬺ӿ˺Ů˺ǳ
濪ʼʧأٴУɾʱ̣Ϊ˲¶ݣһ¸ĿڽΪɾ
Ϊ󷽵ɧңӿ˽ٶȣˣ􏪵ߵ÷ǳ˳ʱ̶ܱײϻײˡ
һΣǰֲܶˣǰִӱɱˡ
ӱаˮʦˣǰǵˣЩ˸ɴͷ˳ǣʼܣؼҲǻǻؼɣ˵һ㡣
ϣĵһƬǧʿϽǧ˽ǵֵסһİˮʦ
􏪽ͣͣڵ˹İƽһڣƽԣż磬ǧҪޣл˻ѰƽɾץߵġƽŽһ¨
ƽ֪ʲôޣ˵ܿޣǿסˣţҲޡ
􏪵İţ飺ɾҵǱ㡣
˵֪ʵڲУͱŰƽܣжԶܶԶ
ǿ˵Ҳ˺ɾģˡ
˵㲻ҵĻ𣿰ƽôСʧ
˵һǵˣŰƽߣұɾ
ڲ˵ˣҧ´ȴ˳
ѾҽˣȺ֣ɱ޴İգȭͷ߰ɡų̫ˡԼЩǰȥˣԼǲȫȥġ
˵У˳⣬ûܲԶ
ȥǰˣҪˡ˵
ҧҧֽйȥſ·ˣֻԼͼԼ
ڣͨŵӿǵҲڵ˱ţע⵽·Ѿ˲ʬ壬سǽʿخԼˮʦʬ壬˲ӡ
ΪϾܳǵʱǰɧˣɢӴܣܵġ
彫Ľɾ
ȫγվڳԯϣ乭ʼż
֮ԼذףҪʱҲɱˣϣ֮ǰԼûбɱɣЦ롣
˺ܿɱ˽ǰͷ˳ȥӽƴɱһֱ뿪ߡ
ĴŵȫǺ
ͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲ˴һҰգ


106 Ԯ
ǸϤ, ʱӯ֮֮ˣֱζ£Ļˣ
˵ɾ, ʦ, ʦ, ̫, ʦˣ
ƽҲˣ˷ܵش󺰣ʦʦʦˣ˵ġ
ҲʮּὫὫˣ̫خоˣһ³ԽսԽ¡
ˮʦǰܵлʱţҲսսˡ
ŵĵбͲ, ڻ͹ݽʿĺΧ֮£ܿȫɱ
֪֮棬òУҪڴ, ľֱӳȥˡ
òĶСˣϽƿ, Ҫ֮Ӱֻһƥͷ嵽˳ǰ, ֮Ϸ££
һ, ȴֱӴϵ, ŵͣˣ֮
ΧҲæҵȥˣʦὫ
ֽŲã, 嵽֮ǰ, ڵϣ֮, ֮ôˣ
֮ɫɷףŬۿ􏪣˵£ԲˣҺû£˵۾ȥ
􏪵۾ģˣҡͷûУá֮ôˣѣң
֮˵£ὫڹƽʱһżϻȼݣһֱûúΣż춼û˯ȫһǿġ
􏪾Żѣһ֮ϣλ޲ʱѾѪȾ͸ˡ
􏪼ô󺰣˼أʦ𣿡
˵˼ھ
􏪲Ҳˣ˵𣿡
û˻ش֪ǲأ˵̫أû˸˵
􏪽֮ͷ̧ŵԼϣǰᵽϣǻظȥҳеĴ򣬿ûߡ
֮ˣĹǻˣǻʲôǰ
􏪶ųǵİմ˵ҲҪ£ὫˣᱣǵģڰȫˣؼȥɡٵİˮʦˣǻǸܵġ
δǵİǰһȻֵ˵Ĵ򶷶ûˣбɱˣҲûµĵ˹ЩĻʼߡ
˽̧֮תͷʼߣųǵİտǵѾתͷԽԽ˼˻ؼҵĶ顣
֮ױһ˶ˣ
ױش𣺡£һһˡ
ˮ·𣿡
ԣ
ʣŵΣ
ؽսռϷ硣
˵֮һȥǻȥͿˣʣµĶȥ֧Ԯš

ɱȥҴͼ􏪻ظ֮ױ¼ᣬȥ֧Ԯɽǡ
û뵽ⳡսȻʽġ룬ټְ죬ǲǾͲôˡһûΪҲ֪֮Ͼͻ
خһƬǽ壬􏪻صУԲѵ̧֮ϣԸ·⿪˿ڡ
֮ƺأ˿ںȣѾŧˣɢŵζ􏪺⣬ˮϸϴڡ
õӸõ⣬ŧѪʺѪҺȻþƾ˼ƵĽҩ²ϱ
Ǵ򣬵ѾǵһˡǸյݵʱ֮Ҳˣϵ˿Ҳִģνᳵ·
˿ڵĹУ֮ʼûѹ⣬Ҳ޷ӦҪĺڣҪǲѾˡ
ȻûҲֹۣȲˣ˿ڸȾʮء
􏪵һ˵࣬Ļ֮Ҫˡ
ʱûд򣬳кüҽݶˣҲˣƶӵ˳⣬ֻܵ˼ˡ
þƾ֮ȣͬʱַԸȥΡ
齱ߣ޻մžƾ֮öͷӡҸµȲλ
֮ݣϺ꣬ǱôصˣôԶ·Ҳ֪ô֧Źġ
ƽҲ˯һ֮Сһᴥ֮ĸ첲ɾʦȣ𣿡
СԴǵģʦˡܶû˯ˣú˯һɡ
ƽ˵šʦˣɾͲˡ
􏪽ƽ§ڻӵ˼ģҲģÿһ仰ֱܹԼ
ȷ֮ˣԲѣԼηˡ
кܶɻ֮ôʱϻأѵҲԾǰϻˡҺǰ򣬽պ롣
֪ݵսΣƽûд
ЩҪҪǣһҪúõģһҪʿǡخİǡ
һֱþƾɢȣСܾˡչ֮ˡ
ʱŻԲѵˣһͬĻйɽ
ǳأǼ뵶ˣʽɫֻʣһ
͹ɽˮȻƽʱôֵ֮ĸ黹ǷǳġСֵԸϲģ͹ɽǷǳ۰Сܵġ
􏪵ˮȫƲסŤȥ˲ϵˮ뿪ʱԼԼ˽绹ҪһԳʳģû뵽޷ʵ֡
ס֣һҪסǧ£Ӧˣ컹ҪһԳʳġѾȥ׼ˡ
ץס˼ļ磺˼飬취һҼǵҴӺͶִ˺öҩĻȥҸ㣬ΣһҪȻ
Ҳ˼飺˼飬һҪ
˼¶ɫʧѪ࣬Ѿѻ췦ˡ˵˲οҲһ¡
ССУæ˵£ȥЩҩأĶˡҼǵһ֧˵а˰ɽΡ
æУȥЩҩġ
һ£ܿͺáܵ􏪷У򿪸մϰӣбˣ֪һǡ
Ͻһ£ҳ۵һӣ˵ˡ
˼һе̷һЩɵ̦̦Ϸһ֧뷱ĴĴָͷϸ˲ΣҪгƬţЩҩ
ȥɡʣʦҲ𣿡
˼˵ʦҲá
˵ϽȥŪ
˼ŽеֶЩֻҶʦҩ˲ӣû뵽쾹Ȼ˿ǧ˲Σ֧˲μֵǣ֪ɴ˻˶ٶġ
˼齫ƬֱһƬʦﺬţȡһԴֵĲȥҩ
ɽҩȻǿ˲Ƭ֮󣬺ҲǿЩԭûʲôظҲ˶ȼϣɽεҩЧá
􏪵һ֪ԭ˲ܹڵʱ˵˲ΣҰɽζǼѵһģҲܾɽΡ
ԼǸҲ֮ǣִȻû˲ΣȴѪ͸ǿ
͹ɽ􏪹°ллԸôҩľʮܡ
˵ΪǴҲűһҩģҳݣֻҪܹ˵һ֧˲ΣǧΣֻҪõóҶԸ⡣


107 
ȷϣ, 􏪾ŵĲŷЩʼѯս
˵ˮʦɱ˽룬ʣµĻһС, ȥ׷ˡĿͳ, ֪ˡ
ʣǵأĵġ
̾˿ǵҲǳ, кüǧ, ȷĿдͳƣһʱڳʱ¡
ֻһֶֻסԼĺ͸ˣͷǿסһԳܣЩʧȥסӡɷֵܵأȥܣ
ŵذϳ̲ˮ, Ȱ£սġˮʦԣѾΪˣǵĽʿΪά˼, 
˺һ􏪲̧ͷ, ȦѾˣǵĽʿصжǶӢۣɽ, ˵˵ƽ
ɽ˵, ¡ǵִƽ֮, ὫͬʱҲˣԭƻҪϼ졣ὫΪݵĲ̫, ·ɽڹյ, ӿоٶȡǻ֮, ὫָװǣɽܲӭսǾڹʱ䣬ǾϳԮخɽͽݾ˳⣬ȻͼǹǵʱٴӱϮǡὫյУҺٴӽݾıǡ
˵һ벶ȸں󣡡
ݾὫϵԿõĲ٣ʵʱҲֻһǧҡǴȫʤ׽ɽࡣὫзļʸˣ˲ˣפؽݣҹ̸ϻطخԮû뵽罫ϣɽtʹͨһˡҶǼʱϻˣ롣ɽ˵¡
˵ָӲٶһ죬ʧҲͲˡ
˵ⲻֱܹ£Ҫ־ֻܹt̫޳ײУǾͨյвǡǹʵۣԵ˵زôʸʵۣϲ£˰ˮʦҲȡ˽ݡ
􏪿ЦȻ˼ı˼صĴۣǴĿ꣬Ҳ㲻еˣûаװ
뵽ǶԲѵ֮ʿǺͷخյѪǸ˲ϣ̫ƽһյҲûսɱ¾
սսҪ縧ʿ÷²յȣһЩʮֲҪȥ׷飬δ򿪵ģžǳڹ
Ȼӣһ
һæڴһϵżŵ²ʡλϣܹѹ
˼鰾˲֮һЩ
֮ɻԲѣҩƺҲЧ􏪵ġ
˼˵²صģʦȶԲѣΪʵ̫ˣûϢá
ôһ˵ŷ
ҩЧǳ²ǿһЩ˼Ϊιȥܻļʷǳ
˵Ǿͼðɣ˲ζȥáҪǻȥɴˣʲô
սԺӵͻȻ˸磺˭ڵأ
˼Ц˵˵ܲٲܲپ͵ˡɴˣ˵ˣԺҪ˲ֱӸҪ
ɴ۾ǲǿЦɡô˲ΰ
Ц˵ûа˰꣬߰һĶ԰
􏪣ƺһЩȻԼЦ£㵱˲θ˹ܲһأð˰˲ܹҵǧĻԵҲþҰ˲ξͲˡ
˼˵ûа˲ΣʮĶС
˵ʮĻңǶкüá£ҸյͳƳĿĿһ¡
􏪽ӹӣֻо֣ûнʿǵ֣Ϊ̫࣬ܳҪܶʱ䡣
Ͻ֮սһǧ˰پʮʿΪǧİʮˣ˲ܼھз۵Ҳнˡ
􏪿ãֱ󣬶ʻǧ߽ͥ߾ȫΡ߶Ҫúøһ¡
ͷ鸧һµġ£⸧Ŀ÷٣
̧ۿûǮˣÿһ۽ʿĲսΪĸ͹涨õģôֻǿⷿǮ
Ĵָ´
􏪿Цȱ٣
˵ɡؼǱǮʱ򣬿ⷿвȫǮ
һУӺĶɵ˵ҲмʮһսȫĴȻǮģԺսء
ô죿ȥĽʿһǮٷַһЩأ˵
ͷҲʧΪһ취⻹ҪǮԺ߿սҪǮ׬Ǯİ취
룬һҵԴȻ˰ֻʳôǮأôӺδҵ⿿ǵǮȻãһΪֻһ֧ӣĵʱɱҲֻдӹҷΧҵ˰㹻Ǯ
˵̲ͨмóףǺģǱģӭÿҵ̵Ӫҵһ˰׬Ǯÿ죬ʡ
۾һӺãȥš
􏪵ͷȥɡҲҪúоһιóԼ˰ա
ãͷͬ顣׼ҪߣˣͷһӣֱճµһҿӦųն
æʣôˣ
˵֪ô°ɣ
˵ô£¼⣿
ߣȥˡԭǾû㽫ŵսֻ˼ʮʿȥسšճµһűƣڱŻûƵ£Լҵ˽Ĵ˳ţ޹İվôƽ׶˵ճµǲǸ˵ˣ¼һ˽
˵¼ҵ˻س𣿡
мѾˣ񶼲ܵˡ
˵趨һޣ¼ûлǾͳǵļңûеļҵ
ǲһĶ֣һĶѣ¼ģѾͽûʲôˡʱǲţû׼ֵܼ֮ԮǵҪ˰
˷ܵش֣ңɣ¼ҿǼҴҵ󣬿϶ܳٺöӯ⡣
˵¾ͽȥɡ
ܷǳƣ􏪻ԼæһͶ²ʡ֮˼롣
ĳ峿􏪸ۣһС


108 
˯ȫ, һµ֮֮ˣ
ʱɫδڹ߲, ȴ֮пҫ۵ǳ, ȥ֮ˣ
֮Ѿ̧, סϵ, ɳɤû°ɣ
ҡͷᶼ˦ˣû£ҺءΪʲôúչԼˡ
ޡ֮ͼȥᣬ˵̫ˣݷһѻǯ˿н, ۵ԼעֻڴڵشϢ
􏪿ԼҲʼʪ֮ð麹ǲ˿ۣȥ˼ֹۡ
֮ҧ, ۡ
ܿ, Žܵ⣬Ժļ˼飺˼, , ʦˡ
ʦֵ, Ͻܽݣʦʦˣ
˵˼, ʦ۵, ֹܸۣܲ
˼˵һ¡תȡ, ʼֹ֮ۡ
˺һ֮ĺƽЧڳˡ
ѾˮӸ֮
􏪼״˹ȥԸ֮˼飬ʦܺã
˼˵ʦ˿ȬҪЩʱ䡣ԺʦˣҾ͸롣
􏪿֮˵֮ţͽг
֮ЦЦҡͷʾԼۡ
ƽؽУʦʦ
Դ֮ƽͱȥˣȻСһ􏪺֮һ˯˯вС֮˿ڣûҴ˯
֮ƽ
ƽһ·СŹſ齱ߣ֮ɵ˵ʦˣ
ŰƽԴЦ˵ǰƽ˵ܿͻˡû뵽汻˵ˣǸСǡ
֮Űƽƽҡ􏪵ġ
ƽÿɸˣʦ𣿡
֮ҡͷۡ
ƽ˵ʦˣɾÿˤˣɾҴͲˡ
ݵͷáȻ΢Ц
еȣЦ˵Ҫãʦ
֮˵еġ
˵ⲻϹ˵𣬴á
֮ˣŵһЩ֮ѹҩʳ念
􏪾ˣ֮֮һֱչ˵ģ硣
֮ʱЩ£ֻԼȣ֮ˣٰЩˡ
Ե֮뷽𣿡
֮˵􏪴óӣ֮æ˵£˼ɡ
􏪿ȷҪ˼
֮ګګ˵ôñΪ£
􏪲ɷ˵ƿѣȥ׼ڣʲôЩһֱҰŪġ
֮ӸˣôΪԼ£Ǿ֮𰡣̫ðˡ
бʱðˣҴϲߵʱôûðң
֮һʱýյղͬﲻͬ˵
􏪷ɡԺ鷳ңǾҪϧԼ壬ǧˡ֪ôһҾ춼ˣϽɣҵ컹ҳء
ǣ¡֮ƺץʲôֲȷ͵ģһҪΪźƬ졣
˽ʱ򣬾ͲҪҽбˡ˵
á֮ӦҲϲУһоݵĲ졣
֮Ѻ󣬿ٶԼӿˡޱοȻڵȻ˽ġ
ôˣʼնûѵļ˼˵˸Ҫܳʱ䡣
͹ɽչÿҪȥһʱ˵˵
ǸˣҲһڣƻĿ覣֪Ѻ᲻ܡ
һΣ˵£ʮ˵ʱ򣬿Ҿøһ㡣
􏪵ͷá˽֫ϵĽӴȷܹõذˣܹѣȻԸ⡣
֮˯ۣһ˶ûСӴ©չ⣬Ӧֵ˺ΡѾʢˡ
С͵ܣͼ´ȥûӣȴֲСӵ˿ڣ˺Ѱʹʱϯȫ֮ĺðѵ˿ͱһܻʹ
ҧƺһ˻ȥ֪ʲôʱܺãôȥ˶Ҫˡ
ڵ֨ѽһ죬˽ˡ
̧֮ۿȥȴûӰƬ̣һСһŬżǰƽ֮Цˣ֣ƽ
ƽСȹˣʦˡ
ƽǸΨһˣСæŷɴ֯Ϊ˻̫ˣҪĸɾ
ðллƽ֮ĥţҪҪðƽԼûӡ
ƽϰſڴϣ֮ʦõ𣿡
Щˡƽʲôˣ
˹һѧ̵֣ġ
ƽʶˡ㶼ϵЩ֣֮ʡ
ƽָͷơܶܶࡣһϵʦ֡
֮Щ⣺ôϵҵ֣һ˵˽Լ֣􏪡
ƽ˵Ҳµġһ¡
˵ŵŵˡ֮˵ˣûûأ֪ͲĨˡ
ƽܿ۷һŷ֮ʦ㿴ǲ֣
֮ŷϵ֣ʮ־ҵ֡Ҳҵţôдģôڰƽأƽʱдˣƽģ
֪·óġƽ˵
֮ùŷ⣬ֲһŷ⣬滹кż㣬ڴ͵ĺۼѾˣֽдţֽ˳ҵģһǷخһҹдģƽ򿪿ˣ
ƽԴţ֣ö඼ϵá
֮Цã̧һ°ƽԹϣԺҲ˵ţ֪𣿡
Ŷ֪ˡ
б˿𣿡֮ʡ
ƽҡͷû˭ĵؿġСһǿյţ֮ںյߴ÷ǳ󣬺òԼҲˣȻҪ
֮ʼ
֮档
֪˿ںδǻܷټҲ֪ܷ񿴵šٲܼ㵱Ǿɡ
뿪ĵʮգҿѵȲ㿭tˮʦڷخ£ҾԳвȣ֪޷ӲҾðһսҹһʤҳ嶯
˿㣬ڣұη塣
˼꣬δ⣬£ʶ飬ĿΨһ£ǲ׿ڸ㣬Ѳٽ㵱롣
֮ʹ˱вںޣԹ޻ڡ
Ϊ֪㵱־ΪΪ̫ƽ
֪㲻ƽһˣвܰԼԸȥ
ͬڡ
ڴҶܶдټһ档
ףá



109 
ƽȥ֮ʦ, ôˣ
֮ع̧Ĩһ۾л۾ˡ
ƽͷȥʶĶлء
֮˵ƽ, ȥɾĶ, ˵
, áƽŵŵ˼, ʲôͷ˵ʦҪҡ
֮˵ɾдʦģܸ㣬ͷʦˣдһš
İáƽ˵ʦҪרдŸ, Ƹ˵ˡ
鷿ҵ˰⣬ƽ˵֮ҪӦҪˣ˵֮, ȥȥԵƬ̡
˵ȥɡ
뿪, ̲סƲ죬ֻ֮СܹͶ֮չ˰, Ǻù
ǣŰƽֻط, ƽ֣ɾ, ոʦ۾ˣˡ
վס, һ, ֮ˣѵΪʧˣļ˵ƽȥɡ֮СǰΡ
ԥһ£ǡƽ, ȥԺǧ̫ԶѡԺǧʱܶܿ􏪵ķ䡣
􏪼ӿŲص䣬Ȼ˷ţߵߣ֮ӣûʲôζʧ
ָ֮۾ϣ􏪴սˣƽ˵ˣôˣ
̧֮첲§ĲӣԼϡ
⧲ѹ֮ϣæֳס壺ôˣҶѹ˿ڡ
֮˲ʹ˱סԺ붪ҡ
ûͷûԵһ仰Ǻ⣿ȻƳڴͷżϣ˲ʱ׹Ƿˣŵڰƽϣ̫࣬ûû䵽֮
ǰƽģʡ
ҵǸĳˣ˭ôΨңԼĳȴôӲ֮޺޵˵ôһ˶ϣôȥ
ѾˣҲЩݣʱȲѡһʲộҲϣ̫ѹúûš
֮뵽Ǹܣ絶ʣˣܺãܶ
δһȥ棬ʲôأˣ˰ɣḧ֮ͷڴ²ʡʱҵԺ󻹸Ҳúðϧ𣿡
֮һ㶣ϸϸ仰˼Ȼඥ̽˵һֱ֪ҵ𣿡
ԥһ£ǡšһ
֮˵ѾãһΥ׳Ľ֮飬֪ǵŲԽĺ蹵޷Լĸ顣ֻܳң㣬㣬
򴽣ֵĵ𣿡
һŪ֮ն˵
ұ׼ˡ
֮Ƭ̣Ͱ͵˵ССӦˣ
􏪵ǻȼӴ󣺡ȷſҰɣѹ˿ˡ
ѹ˻벻⣬ɿ첲􏪵öͷģǼ䣬ֻǺɵ֡
􏪿Цһļһ֪Ϊģô΢ȴɸ֮£ˣ̲סһ¡
֮׻
􏪿ľӣɵɵǿɰˣ̲סһ¡һеҲûʲôϰҸоƺҲĪԼǸǱڵĶ䣿
֮α˶ʯ״̬
һǳҪ£һ綼û㣬ǲǸ÷ˣ֣֮̽һˣܱûըϽûӣ㡣
һ̣֮
Цֱ̣û𣿡
֮㶵ؿ􏪣ҲϲԼİɣȻôԼ
Сȥ˰ɣˡ
֮ͷû˵
􏪽óȥϴ֣֮һճ
􏪻صߣĪɵˣ
֮ץסϵ֣СǷҲң
􏪽һЦ¡
Цݹ֮ģ˵һ㡣
􏪴չȥһ㣬֮ͻȻסĲӣȻФصĴЩ׾˼£Ȼѭűܿʼ˱
ߵԼݼʱ˿ˣסǸأôＱιȵˮú˰ɣڵȥ
֮ˮĿ뿪􏪳ŵʱ򣬻ͷ֮һЦҺܿͻˡ
֮ʧſڣִŴ䣬¶ЦݣȻǰۡ
鷿ãش֮Σڵȵ􏪻̽ʣὫðɣ
΢Цͦãõúܣ
ı飬Ѳɲ֮ˣ
ʱϰСһ߸֮ιһԼԣƽҲһԡ
СһľӣСӣһ˳Ե쳣棬Ψ̫õľǽˡ
ҲֻǽŪķڰϡ
֮ŰƽĶƽԼԷҲԵôá
ջ˰ƽȫĵ˼ԶҲͻƿڣƽǸСǣ􏪵ģҲ֮ġ
ƽԵԽ󣬻ذءĿ
􏪸֮ιһڣͻпǰǸƽιָιʲôźˡ
֮Ц˵гԿǰԺںءƽԺ϶Тġ԰ɣƽԽһڣелԽƽ͹ˡ
ƽ͵ͷţԺ϶ТɾģɾԴȡ
􏪹Цҿɼˣ˵Ҫ㻰
˯ǰ˼֮ҩ􏪸һȥǱ߲鿴һ
˼˵Ѿˣֻʱ⡣
˵̫ˣϣѡ
ĻϲػصԼ䣬֮ʣôˣˣ
δ˼˵ǿֻʱ⡣ҾӦúܿˡ˵
֮ߣ˯
ϴ֮Ա£֮첲Ҹ첲ϡ
􏪲չȥǲˣԶһС˿ھͲˡ
֮̾ϢðôõĻᣬûаƽңϧԼֱ˶
􏪳첲ִţ٣ʲôأ
֮Ťͷǹ˸뱧˯
ŷǻ˰ɣôȣ˭Ը㰤˯
ԺðƽԼ˯ɣѾˣϸ˯ˣϰߣ֮ܶ˵
􏪿Ľ飬Ǽд˽أ
Ϊ˽֮⡣
ٺ٣Ҳǳĳ˽ġ
֮գۣѵ˵òԣ
􏪴˸Ƿ˵ö԰ɡҲְ֧ƽ÷ִ˯ˣӵĶҪС˲ԸҲȽϹѶų


110 
خһս, ʶҪt⣬û㹻ǿľʵ͵ͬʱ޵, üޡ
ǵݺ, Ҳһϵģѡοԡء˰ˮ˰ѧӡ߲ܶǻûеλЧûļݳ죬ҲǱҪճˡ
ط˿ͳѾݾڹ˿ڶʮǧ໧, ˿һͷ, ׳жʮ
􏪼ƻļݵļЧܺãǲ֪ݵ
ʵļһֳɵı, ǾǷ²²һ˫нúãͻ˵Լ
ս, һ²˳Ľݱ밲ˮʦδЩսǸ⡣
ܶԱ뽫ʿΪˮʦ˵ȫñɱ
ʷЩɱĽ죬ûк³Զƶ棬ʧȥ͵Լ֮, ԵĶᱻ޷Ŵ
ˮʦԵΪǵĽ첻޹ϵ󾭹ҵ, նʾһ, ʾ塣
ͨˮʦ², 򱻷ȥ·ûлеҪ
Ҫı􏪾ݽһ
ɽ󴢲طḻߣȻһ⣬̫ƫƧܽɽУģҲ䣬􏪾ɽпһ
ɽ·Ǳˮʦ²ȥڣǿ׳׳ʲЩķ²ȥǵҲڿƹ
􏪻ͨһͨ뱱Ҫtսܲȫֻһͳ£Ҳڹܿع뽻ݡ
ҪѹtԼȥ뿪ɽ·Ȼˮʦ²
⣬􏪻޹㽻֮ͨԱǿԽݵĿơ
ԭڿڹݾˮ͵·ĽݱͿԷŻؽݼؽˡ
ݼոخȻҲҪеݾڣڱߵأعϡΪݲ࣬ǳӡ
δ̣ܽطͳֹڴֱԾ𱩶
􏪾ԻΪ˰ѧҪ񣬽˺ĻԽЩŻͬС
СС¶ѻɽÿ춼пۡд³̡ĳᣬҲǵһ
ȫתˣʱӦþͻһЩɡ􏪿ɲԼϣҲȨ÷ñȥģñȥ
糯􏪲һѺץס·˶鷿
̫ȣ󱳶ʪˣ·治̫ʺ촩һ˺Ͳ׸ɣճʪģоǳá
˿ãᱡ׸ɣѹںô
粻⣬Ҫˣһȥүͼɽӡ
δӹģӦҪ٣ȥµ죬ĻѾѻɽˡ
ϣܹ׬һʣϾĿǰʽԴǿҵ˰ȻѾˣҵûи˰գҪʱܼЧ
۽ȣ㿴һһСӰСǰͷǣŴģһַǽţٶŲţСľͺˣɾʦɾˡ
􏪿֮ɱܹľ춼ܵˣôˣúϢ
棬˦ɵľ
֮˿Уֱ˿ڣ􏪣ϺЦոоöˣߡ
ƽϽ˵ҷʦġ
ͣǸǰ̧ƽԴƽܸɡ
Ȼֲ֮ĸ첲˿ڲ𣿡
ôۣܡ³ˣ֮􏪣Դ˵ƹϵʱ̶ǹЦݵģһ㶼ƴǰǸὫ
ţǲһŵģȥ鷿ɡ􏪷Լ鷿ȥ
á֮Ҫģǲʲô⿴􏪶Ǻõġ
鷿֮ڹϣԼһߴۣһͬ˵˵ǽ񣺡˽ݴʷѡҡ
֮˵֮սͽ֮սоսҲܷڡ
˵佫е㵣·ڴҰìܣҴӳѡһĹٹȥγʷʵɽҸʺȥݣҲȥ
ǣֱôҲһԱ󽫰ɡ֮˵
ءѺˮʦ²꽻ݷ²ͻطخǲ˵
֮̾Ϣ˵ףǻǴ˿õľҾͲףtˣôôӵˣɽˡ
˵ʵһЩӵĲtԼļֵϵӵӵļֵνͳtٻܣҲȵѡļ̳ˣңȵ۷̫ӡǶԣҾ׼ֵսߡ
֮һһȺӹˣ
Ц˵ԵͬΪıҲǿܻԸΪá
÷ҽƽϲرŲ豭˹˺􏪶һ͵֮֮˵Ȱ
˵ء
֣֮һڡ
ֻúһڣ֮Žӹ˵ļȣȫ˼ǵĴڡ
􏪵Щȣص߶÷װµӺһڡ
֮÷ʣ߾û˹𣿡
ҲУ٣һմ̣ܶ˶ڹС˵ǹ˲٣ӦӵҿУӵвٲſɣʱɵȥ˵
֮ЩӵܶûԹֻ࣬ûӦ
􏪲ΪȻûԹ֪࣬࣬ԲҪɵȥȻȫһȺ̸ҡȥӦģǾûãȥ죬ܶԡ
֮ע⵽􏪵·ɫЩʣ·ǲǺʪˣ
˵ţ̫ˣ׳
֮Щ̫ȵĻӦý˸ȡпֲҪôѡһŮɡ
􏪲ؿ֮⻰ǰǴģȷҪѡ
֮ʣ㲻ѡخȻֻйҲӦչеĹ
ΪˣûԺϴɨѾˣæֵҲˣͲ˷ˡԺæˣٹһЩ˵
􏪲ѡŮԼû󹬣ѡôŮӷڹаװ׵ഺô
֮˵ǱӰɳѡһЩӹɣ֪֪׵ģҲ޼ңȥĶУϹѧ䣬˸˷һЩ
һҲǣͦãǸɽдţӼȥѡһЩ
˴۾һ̫ˣܼЩСˡ
ڶգȻһȺӵʥ˳㱨һ»ӡˢĽȡ
ǰʱΪͻսԭ͸깤ĻģҲֹڵ񹤺չûսϵ£ȳлָʹߴٵ񹤺չǿˡ
һװ£˻ӡˢӡĵһ飬¹Ŀ
ôͳˣ˷ˡ􏪷ǳ⣬ʼӡˢҲ£м仹һսԻӡˢġ
˵츣¶֮£ӦһЩ
ãã̫ˣ􏪿鱾ĳƷĸпǧ˵ƾǴͨ½ײͨʵϣֱγӡˢ֮򿪣Ϊ֮ǰײո߰ѧϰɱ
˻ӡˢôʱлǰ࣬ĿԷѰռˡ


111 
ʣѧӽΣжѧ, ٷӣٿα
£ݸѧһʮ, ѾɡĿǰǧʮѧӱԹҡα±ֹںȷ˵
ʣ¿ѧʱ, ܷѧͳ޽
һɣӦҲֻͷһѧֲࡣ
˵Ҳ, ͷȥˡ
ּ
􏪿վһӵܣ˵Щǰвſ
ͷһۣǡ¿У
􏪿ȺˣһŸ, ʮ굽ʮĶ, һ˲ţɵЦӵܹȻ֥ӭخԸҳЧ
һǰݣӵԸΪЧ
Ц˵ùݣɡӦҲ˵Ĺ, ҲϲЩǡ˵˵Լϲó, ǰھпְ
􏪲ǾƷƷףֻǵϲس, ʲô顣
Щ˳صι⣬߽δˣӸλˣɼ̫ԭڰҲôơ
˵, ҳȱ, ΰɣ񲿹ܡ㶼˰ȥѧȵηӰ, ѡοʱѧһУɱʷ١
ӵʮ, Ҳ, Ϊȱˣӵܶǲſ㶼̸û뵽􏪾Ȼֱȥӡ
Ҳ˵ʲôֻ˵ּ
ӵ뿪ʱ˵
˶뿪֮􏪲˵ǷЩɻΪӵȥӣ
ͷʥ⡣
˵ӵܶǲſȻӵСʳ֪ʵǶȥѧһ˲Ϊ˰ӵ
ıԶǣѡʥ⣬ӵȥѧӵηӡʵҲеˣӵܶĸߣخ󣬽һֳԽУ嶼ôУҪĥЩ˵ɲǸûᡣ
˸еӵܶһӴʣ壬ʲô˼ȥأ
˵˵úȥѧӵӣμѡοԣͳһŹְ
ǻҪԣǶˡ
Ǳģ߲ϡ
һ˵ȵ۵ʱģλҪȵ۰ɡ
˵ȵ۵ҲϡߵĹزһߣ͵ðߵĹϳɡ
˳ּһҲȥʲôӣֱӿ԰ɡ
ʩʩȻѾˣ˵ǳէ˽ݵķ״ȥ·һ£Ժù١ӻжĺôµлӣһӵܣǰݵӣֱΪˡҲúðջᣬд֮ˣȻССһ硣ڰҵˣֵ֮ʣɲǵĺû᣿
˵˵ĻӡˢǱƵ𣿡ӵΨһͬġ
Ǳµ⣬ùȥġտ֬ףҲǱݵ졣ԶΪвŸɡǴ􏪵ġ
µϲЩ漼ɵĶû׼ءʮ
һ˽ӻ˰ɣ֪һЩ߰Ķһɲóȥй𣿡
ô˲ڣˣ丣
ٲȤȥоǸתˮȥˡ˵
һ㶣˵ǽͲֽҲǱġ
˾֮¾
˵ǱСΪǫͣûʲôϣҲѡԭͳ£֮
􏪲֪Լӵǰһ仨˿ȳķܣΪ˸ˣ
Ѿڴ˶ʮ죬տʼ˼黹ĵ˵ܿתһֱûѣŪ˼鶼ʧȥˣҲұ֤һˡ
ˣܲ˼􏪳ķ䣺
мΧţ˼Ϊ룬􏪵תͷ􏪣죬ûЦһЦ۽ǱỬ
ܵߣס֣ˣ㶼ˣллأˡ
Ҳظ˵ŻʼһԲھòԾˣôˣΪʲô˵
˼˵ʱ䲻˵ܻʧӦõȹһӾͺˡ
􏪷ģ𼱰ͺˡһǵԼһԳģˣһҪһԳ
Դᶯһ£ǻӦˡ
úԼݵ̫ˡ􏪿Ź̫ˣˣԼлֲ
жʼնǸ⣬ΪɱģĲˣǽԶȥһҳ
֮ڷҲ˹ſڿѾ􏪣ˣ
􏪵ͷ֮ע⵽۾ˣʣôˣ
Ĩһ۾˵ġ
ַ֮ϣ˾ͺãԷˡȻ˵ú٣ÿն״򲻶ȥ̽ͿԿ􏪵
š􏪴˿еظĸо
Ѻ󿵸Ǻܿģڲû˵ͷʱ˯µʧֻ֢ʱģܿܿ˵ˡ
ڶձ´´󣬱ߵ􏪵鷿
ڴۣſӰζ̧ͷһϲ˵ôˣҪ𣿡
վ濴ţûΪ֮Ĺϣ¶һǿЦݣתȥˡ
ףôˣ􏪺ôˡ
֮ϣȻҲһĻɵ΢΢üϧֻһܸ˷Ҳøκˡ
л˵Щ⣺ѮݣҪϳʲô
ʱһŶ̴˽Ҿμ¡
˵ƽ˽ôˣѮ𣿡
˹رݣС丣¡
̾˵ΪСӶӵ丣Сϲ飬ҵƫ漼ɡûȥ⿴ˮͲȥˡ
􏪲ɡϲЩľ
丵Сϲһоɴ³ȶϲȥ˱µͲֹ켫򵥣õпɣе˼
æǳ󵨣ʥ⣡
􏪰ڰ֣޷ȷһ򵥵Ĺ졣и߼˵˵


112 ƫ
˵߼ûСǾев, ˮʱͲܿˮˮ, Ͳֻͣתˡ
􏪵ͷȷˡз⣿
˵ߣĪˡ󡢷硢ˮ
ü˵ˡ󡢷硢ˮף
˵, ʹʳʳ, ʹӲΪˮ侲ֲֹȥ, ܳ, ʬȥܸҲһֿ
̲סǳ⣺丣Ҫڱǰ
ȴͷ˵ΪЩһеĴ, 
°, ϸϸú, ʥȷһܡ
֪һȻ󼫶ȸȤȥ˼еˣҪǺúû׼ܳΪһء
˵㷽˵ͲĲ, зֲ
˵Ͳˮƶ, ÿﶬʱڣ, ˮ½, Ͳ޷߶ﶬʱ, ͲϰװҶзʹͲת
˵ƣˮλ½ˣתͲﶬʱѾˡ
举壬ͲĹЧͲֹȣסﶬȣ˻ҪԷġ
ֹƣֻ糵Сôˣû뵽主뵽糵ͦ⡣
˵⻹賢ԲС
􏪹丽֪主􏪵θڣϽ˵ˡ
˵СȥһɡСķ죬Ҳҿ۽硣
˵举Ͷ󣺡ӽҵߵ̫æЩûüߡ
̾ϢȷʵϧСʲô
˵ǾͿɶˡźıûҵôȣó
􏪺ʣν
丳һ£˵ˣиѣһǶһԻʯĶˮбʹˮɱٺʲˡ
ʱŵ˵Ϣŭ⺢Сɥȱֲڽҵ֪ĺѡ
ǰʿʳʯɢʵ۶ã˱С֮󣬽ֹʳʯɢһЩҴ͵͵ʳʯɢ
˵޷½棬úã츣ˡʯȻǵʿģСƱҲͦ𡣲ʯƱǵС;ޣܹ÷ΧĶ츣ˣ
丱˵ģСƫЩϡŹֵĶгֵ޲˵Ź֣ҵΨʵ۱˵ƾ츣ɲ֪ˡ
˵ɱʶԸͲΪЧ
ЦеСԵ뷨Ľһ֮֯ģٺòˡ
ǸˣһӾ􏪵˼СԸһԡ
˵ЩҪ֧Կȥɴ֧ȡı־ͬϵѣҲȥһ緢ͬá
Ͻرݣл£
ΪάԼİãĶ࣬ûԴȫƾӺĸ׵ļױܾİۣڱܼӡ
ĸҲʱϴ棬ҵʵ۱Զ׼Լİãһ֧֣ܲ
˵Ͻﲻ˹ϣСĺϢ
б£ŵȥҲʵ
ֶ뿪֮ĥţҪҪԳ͢䲼һӢؽļʿû׼ҵˡ
ҪҪм²С
Լ֪µķĶ΢һĻеͲˣԻǵü˼С
􏪴ǰ֮վԺУֻӶš״æȥôˣǹˣ˿ڡ
֮ͣо˿ûôˣ
ùġݸ˿ڲŸոϣûأ̫󣬵˺ѡ
֮Цģзִ硣
½󣬿ϲŵıûѪŷ
˵û°ɡ֮˵ָ±͸ȥˡ
±ӦУξǵ£ϽҪȥ𡣡
ҲȥڼСȻڼܹ􏪣ôæԼְﲻʲôæ;öԲס
˵˺öˣȥ߰ɣӽˣȥ⿴
á
ᵽӽ􏪾ޱοٲһ괺ݺ͹ݴ󲿷ֵطӽˡÿĶʮҲ൱ۡ޻Ҳƹ㿪յ±ͶˡǲоȥǴóԺõ£иҵܷչҵ˰գܳӯ
֮ע滮õͼЦȻأ
˵Ȼ󰡣Ȼ齨ӣʦϣһͳ¡°նԱů˼̫ƽս¡
Ȼе̫ƽᱻƣսҲԼῴġֻԸܹ֮꣬ü̫ƽ̣㹻
֮ƶ˵һһġһ쵽֮ʲô
ؼ䣬ȥݵÿһء˵ԳЦЦԸȽݳްɣԻڹŪĶأֵصˡ
֮Щ۵§ļ磬ԸҲ̫СˣȥĶҶ㡣
΢Цŵͷá
ʱ϶ģϢȡƬ̧̣ųȥȻڴоɺЩˣ
£Ѿöˡʧ֢ѾˣЩ죬ԭ
˵󲡳ǲҪˣҪúþ̫Уʺϲ
áҾɾܣҵ
˵׼ȥתתҪߣһȥɣȥ͸͸
۾һð
̫ɽʱˬǲųţΪ􏪵̫Ȼλ󲡳ϵʱųš
м䣬֮һһҶ˴۵Сۡ
Դӳһҹ􏪾ûԴӳעһֱڳ⡣
ʱɺ֣ٽֵӻţڽֽϷ˺ԼҺͯؼϴԷ˼̻
¶Цݣ뿴Ļ棬ϣجҲҪԸԶػһյҸ
һֱ˳ǣ􏪽עӳתƵڣŷ֮ʼû˵ƳĬ𣿡
֮عŶȡ
Ҳҡͷȡ
Ȼ˳ĬУڲЩǲҳ
ûУûС˶ʸڷϡ
֮Ͻһ⣺µӽڹݵĲж٣
˵֪ղŸտʼոɹϲ֪˵֮ǰ쫷һӰ죬ʱһ졣
һֱû廰
֮ͻȻ˵ȥ𣿡


113 
, Ťͷȥ􏪣ǿ֮Ǳµ˼
Ҳ, Ϊ֮ûԼ£ȥУ˳֮Ļ˵ɽѾɽ벻ȥзչ
Ҳʺϴ̡
˵ǶвܣҾе̫ûˡ
ҡͷҲôΪΪµҵҡ
֮˵, Ǳ㵱û°ɡ
􏪿֮«ʲôҩö˶˵ģôҪȥ, һԼİΣŽԼߵ
ûټ, ǽתӽϡȻѽƻ裬Ȼкܶũæոӣջԭʼİ취, ֻ􏪵ӽôȻ
ȻǴ, δڹƹ㿪, Ҿ, Ҳδռ
ڴֹĴͻеռסΪո, Ҫ̫ʱ, ɱҲȽϸ, һ˸, Ѿ۸ѹ÷ǳˡ
􏪹ʱ, ԼΧһȺ, ˺ӶУĦȻġ
Ҳû͸¶Լݣֻ㿴ߡ
յֺ͹ˡֺӽﶽԶԶͿˣϵһϽ밲£ôû֪ͨǣ
􏪰ڰ֣£Ҿ
ֺ˷ܵ˵µӽҪհ
ҪܷգǸáһƬǲǶҪӽʡ
ֺ˵ԣõũǶû磬ŷַ硣ȻҪ࣬ҲӰճɡ
ͨ˵ǰ׼絾һջ֡һҪӽԾûôǰ硣
ԭũǻе㵣̫Ӱճɣǿӽѹɻ״ĵ룬ٿԼֱ㶵ӣʹǰͷ
˻ȥӽһҪԼҵӵӶʮȣӽһ̵ҲԼҵĶϼҪԼҵĸ߳٣˭Ըָ߲ˮ
ӽߣոķӶڲͬһȣת÷ɿ죬ĵһգ۹Ѹɾˣʡʱʡ
ʵǽۺ죬ҪҲӵı˵һʮĶأǼʮĶ⣬ǻ
ָֺŴȻ˵´ݴĴȻ̫ˣҶ̲סȥһѣǸоʵ̫һˣֺֿãոٶȾͿˡǲ֪ݻûдȻҲ̨
􏪿ֺϵ࣬û뵽ܻͦʵģ˵ƹ㡣ҴӹһȥѧϰȻѧúعȻ뽻ȫƹ㡣
ֺ˵ʥû뵽ݾȻܹɽ˾ɵе
һԵ֮˵ʵǱµĹͣȻġ
ֺʱˣϽҾʥ
˵Ժ͵ɣũеܣҲ㸺𡣡
ֺæ񣺡ּ
ֺܣǸũµģڹϽķ룬ͷ齨ʣͷҲ֯ˡ
֮ǰ􏪲۷سǡǳãΪԤ˼ı仯ֱ仯Լģֳɾ͸оͱˡ
ĺ鲢ûгؼңսûãͱ·ˣǰƺʲô£·סˣ˳߸ϡ
֮ü˵ȥʣʲôˡ
ǣʦǰȺȥ
˺һŴȺм˵£ʦˡһŮ˴ӵ¥¥ԾСŮˤˡ¥¥
ޱȾȣΪλɱĸ״ɱ̫ˡ
֮ʣʲôԭ𣿡
˵¼йء
ǳ¼ҵˣü
¼ԴԿűʶ֮󣬳¼е˶׳¼Ҽ͵ϵѾ֪٣û¶棬Ķ֧
˳¼ҵļңеļҲû乫֧Ҳܵǣ􏪲ûɱ¼֧Ƴ֮
ҡͷȥŮ˲ǳ¼ҵˣŮǳ¼ҵŮ
úͿˣĸŮ𣿡
˵ĸŮŮӲǳ¼ҵ檣ǵޡ
Ϊޣ􏪻ͷһ˵
תͷͣ˵ӣ¼ҷԼӣֲɷ檣˱˵ӡ
ޱȣȻԸԼţӣⱻ޲ܻȥҪûأ
˵һޣûӣǻ޹ϵ
ҪŮأ֮ʡ
Ů˼ˣǲԸɵ޴ȥ˵
􏪳ĬˣӶ޳ȥˣԸŮ
˵¼ұ˼ңͬŮҪˣͻԭҡҲԸ¼Ů㽫Ӻͺһ˵¥Ů˾ʹź¥ɱˡ
ҧгݣ˵ᣬ˵Ʒᣬ˵¼ɥٳ£ߵһص˶ù鰸
֮Լ˵ȥˣ˵µ֪£Ϊŭúó˰
ǡ˵תȥ
òȺɢȥǵҲ
ҧ˵ҿҲҪһҪȡ¥˹ˣϽ¼ٷ
֮˵ݵ¥ŮҪݶö࣬ڹûɲôˡЩŮӶʲôΪأ
ͷһֱǵģԲųٳûȡ޵£ҾͷԼǰӲˣĬߵİס
˵ɿԽЩŮ衢裬Ҳȥ˵顣
􏪰֣ɲ˶ⷽĲܡʱڹ֯רŷɴ֯ý޻Ҳˡ
ϣڴϷȥ˯š
֮˵СΪ
̾Ϊ⣬ͺˣֻµ⣬ֱûûˡоʵ治õ
֮ͷˡѾúܺˡ
һ£ˣôͻȻȥУҲǰ
㲻ȥ
ҲûУԼǲԸȥ𡣡
ȻԸȥ
Ϊʲô
֮˵Լȥ롣
􏪣ô֪˵ڰʰ
ճ֮ϣ􏪽ȡ¥˹ݵļƻһ˵Ȼ˵ĺܴ졣
Ҷ׷׷ԣԼĹ۵㣬ǰԭݵĹԱûͬȡ¥Ϊǣ̫㡣
в֪νǣ̫㣬ʵ𺦵һЩҵ棬Ͼ¥˹ݵıϰǡ
Ǵݸ˶֧􏪵ľΪǿȡ޺ĳɹû¥԰ûʲôӰ죬ǻһЩΣԿݡ
ȻҲΪ¥˹ݵĴڣеطйѹٶŮԵķҲĳ̶ֳάȶ
Ϊȫ޻̸֮Ů˾ǡĹߣǻҪٸ;Ӹʲô


114 ֽ
³, ƽգҲǸͳ, ɹۣɹԼҵı·
ƽգһдӼ򡣵􏪻Զ֣ƽһͷ߲֭֭ͻ֭, һֻʹΪƽġ
ֻʵֹ̬䣬ƽϲò, Ų֣Ҳóԡ
˼鶺ƽԲ, 㲻ҿɳˡ
ƽֹҵֹɾҵġ
˵ƽ㻹ǳ˰, ܷ, žͻˡϲС, дɷ˸һ, ǸͲỵˡ
ƽֹҿ, ǲ, ̧ͷ, Ĵ۾􏪣ϳԺ𣿡
ЦԴ, ϳԡ, ȥ档˵Ϻ, ȥ֡
ม̫ˣƽϲˣһʢĵ꺢ͯ˵ġǶæƽʱٳȥֻڸ棬Ժβöͺˡ
ƽСһ§Ĳӣգϲɾˣ
􏪺ǺЦ
֮ʵؿŰƽΪʲôСӿʱ􏪣Լֻܹ֮Щ
Сӣ㶼ˣԼߣɾ֮˵
ƽӣҲҾɾ
˵£ɡ
û£ܱһ˵
ţ􏪽Ӵڿϵķ羰
ҼһȻɹӡ·˵ģСģڵĶС
Ϊࡢڡ׵ɫɫû취ȾɫޣҲ׹ɫȾҲ׵˭ܿ⼸ɫģǾֵ԰ڵ¡
ɹ±ʵҲЩʱȵζڣȱȣ˭ҵ·Ӷ࣬˭ҵĸá
һξ룬ƽͻȻۣƯ
֮ҲһôųȻһ֡ļҵģ
һߴڿȥͻȻ˺ܶˣһΪ˳ֵĽֵӿȥ˳֣ɫĲƥٽֵĶ¥һƮƮɷ׳ۡ
е˼̽ͷʦӦңһֶҵġ
ʣξҵģ
˼ͷǡҽݾⰲ˳֣ܶΡ
ЦҹȻǮخǶɫḻ
һΣ􏪷ԼǼʶ̫٣·ԵϾʵ˿ôɹŸʷдЩҾķʽ
ļңʡ
ȥ˻£Ǻμҵġ
μң嶼ʾߵּҲɹ˲ٳֻû⼸ҿŰˡ
˵г¼ڣǿš
􏪿һ·ԽԽˣˣȥһ硣
һﵹַǷǰһ£е¥˹ȫȡˣЩ˼ҵĹүûضǲۼˡ
ԭͦ徻һҲڲμӱ˺Ȳ迴飬ڸ̸ۡţƨ
ǽ˺ż䣬ƹֺдºͽþûˡ
֮üúһݣôġ
ֺҲΪΣǰȡ¥Щ¥Ŀ˾ͶܵǲˡӭͣҲܽ˵⡣
􏪵ν޷˶ҲкôռϢòݵСһ㣬ӦյõϢȡ¥һ£Щʲô̬ȣ
˵ֺл˵ˣգЩúܣڷ¡
üŶʲôˣ
˵ЩΪԼããŮɫֺ˵͵һۣҽ˵ˡ
֮󵨣
̲סЦͦҲ¡ȥɣû¥ɹ䣬ȥԼźӲͦõġ
ֺ˵Ҳ˵¥˹ݸȡˣ»ð潲
˵Ǿùٸȥץһץ㴦Գͷ
Ҳ֪ǲȫֹģΪЩݶͲ֪߳ܵ˻Ƥ׬ǮǮö찡ٸ̬һҪ
ֺ˵檵˻࣬˶˵ԼҵĻš
Цӵð䲼µĻˣޣŮҲݷ򡣡
⻰һ˶¶ȵı飬Ǽ޼漦޹湷ŮлȨ
􏪼Ҿı飬˵ú˵ŮƽȣɲϺѡ
ˣҪ޶һ¼̳зֻм̳ȨŮͬм̳ȨŮӵĻȨõϣҪĵ
óŹ㽻٣ǰЩɷһһ޶ȵһͳȫеĻ
֮˵˵Ķеֱ֧µ
􏪿֮ȥȻ֮ûȫ뷨Ϊ˵ʲôǶԵ̬ãһս
ֺ˵˲ٱߵĶˡһЩƺͷȽϽ̲ˣ޴ȥձڽͷֻдţҹڲݡҲûˣôȥǰ취ʾ¸δá
һ˼ڲſһŸʾĿһȥ񲿱ͳһʳޣԼûı¿ѧȥѧӡο
ȻͶԼģҪѧϡ
֮˵ȱ֣βٿһأ
˵һˣ궼æѡοˡ°ˣѡοҲÿ궼Ż̫ӷףͻΪҵĸ
ǴӲʱ򣬾ſ
һϽк½Ҳ˲磿
˵Ҳĳͣ
˵пձ˵
􏪵ͷˣи뷨һֱ˵
æ˵뽲
˵ӡˢģ㹻˰ɣһڿӡˢԿǳ͢ɷ£ҲǶ˻ĳԱ۹۵㣬ֻʫġСƷÿݶظ»һ·һΡڸԴһ繫ʾ塣
¶ı飺µ˼ˣǸ¶һ˽ϢչʾܵĻ᣿
􏪵ͷԣ˼ӡˢŰ淽㣬ÿοԶУѻշѽԿɣշҲ̫ߡ
֣ӢȷӶ뵽
˵Ӷ֮󣬶ҹĿ
ּ
΢΢һЦȥæɣˡ
˱ֽܹۣڵ˼롣
ǿڱϴ棬ոأ
ͱ£ϳ
ϣ֮Ŀ􏪣˵
Ťͷ㿴ʲô
֮˵룬ôôӣ
ЦյߣҿǼ˼ǧǻ۵ˡ
֮۶ǳ磬ر뽫˱ڻú۰һôˣӵɰȤˡ
˵ͷпȥЩ¥ŮӣܵģţʱȥݳһٿһݣЩŮȥݣЩӵеطĥʱ䣬ֻܿ˭أð죡
֮˷Ҳ


115 
, ڳ˴̫ѧһ¡
רΪǰμѡοԵѧṩ֮ҲЩѧṩѧϰ뽻ĳ
˵ˣǲǰͶ˺, ǸܵԼ˲š
ʣ, ̫ѧѡַںδǷԭĸѧĳ̫ѧ
􏪰֣, ѧɱԭĳ¸Ϊ̫ѧɣլ㹻ǧѧӡ
¼ҵլӷǳ, סĴʷҪ󡣳¼ұ֮ԭ㽫լӴ͸, Ϊҽһ˹ҪӲܰ
ûҪ, ɲסñ􏪵й
լӾһֱţó̫ѧ¾ô
պ˼ƪӹ􏪹Ŀ, ʾǷҪ֡
˵ȻҪ, ʲô飿
˵˼ָ֣ʾ
􏪿һ, ̫Ű̫գ˵̫, Сǻ𡷰գ֮ԭ
˵ǳԡ顷ġ֮ԭ, ǡΪ, һ̿, ̫
˵, ǿ, ˼֮һӿУӰԶ
㲻ٷּ
ˣȷҿˣۡ
һڱֽǷǳӵģΪҪһ̫Щ̰屣Ĺڣܸĵľ͸ãܸĵľɾеˣдƪӻǲġ
Щӻʱ䡣
õĺõĸʱǳԾΪҲǹĿѣû뵽޸ģдһƪ¡
֮ͬһŰ⣬ֽֽſ϶ҪֽضҪ󣬲ܹ˶ݡ
˵½ڻǳ㣬þ塣
еԽܣϾÿ˶ѧݣҿͲؼˣӡˢʱҲ㡣
􏪲ΪȻкβ㣿һ׾ģɡӾһʣտʼǿ̫ܲӦʱһ϶Ȼؽ
Ҫ􏪿Ͳ̫ӦûбţҲûУʱ򻹵ȥ¶Է˼Ͼûбʱ塣
ֽ˾αӾ˳ˣ֪ʶռٶȽӿ죬СӾͲ˷ʱרȥѧ
ֲֻôӦ
ʱ;ʵ۵ĺóˣ˵ʲôʲô˷Ҳûá
ȨһûԼϸӹܵĻ߱Ű̵ıʱѾˣҵȫڻʵ͸Ʊһ㣬ϰ̫ˡԻǵ취Լһ¾ȨС
֮Ѿöˣʱȥȸɵ¡綽װ޴Ϸ̨Ĳ¥ȥ¥ŮѡвŸɵŮ齨š
ŵǽзḻ
˶Ըǳٶۣ˶ĸһΪ𾴻ϲȱ֪֮ȫûԵԾ
֮ܿգһֱھŸ·УλȨأаĽ֮Ҳױ
􏪳ٶۣҲʧΪһ£֪ô˰ĽĴͽķա
û֮ȴµķһֱ֧ҵˡ
ǲ⣬Ҳûܾ˭֮ǰǸġ
ǻ𡷴ŷеӣǲ¥һƷ㿪ҵӡ
һƷһкܴĲͬľǶ˸Ϸ̨˵ٳξǲȽϹͬĲ裬һģһƷ㣬Ǿ͵һʮģĻϰһ
һƷĲҲҪḻö࣬Ҳࡣ
˵ˣһǸṩ뽻ĳʵģһƷҪ׬ǮģοһƷ㻹СӵٳأǸ߼ܡ
һͽһһƷĿֿˣһ绹ϽĵĶˣЩӵܶȥһƷȥ
ȥһƷһڲͬķҲδɣ໨һʮļɣֻҪϳǮ
һĳ˵һƷĿҵ˵ţһġǻ𡷱ֽǾš
Щ׶飬һֳѧҲЩʷӡĲӣʮʮأڷЩ
żܵõһĶ֪жѵãض꣬ٷ׽ܳע
Զ˵ֵֽŶҪϸؿϧǿʲôһִδ˵Ķ˵鲢ʣΪֻһţƹ˵Сֽ
ֱֹֽһݣݣÿһݶһģһģ⾿ģλֳȶķӣһôݣ
ƹЦŽͣ˵ӡˢġҲǽصݵ̳Ȼһظӡˢ
ӡˢԵµĶ˵ȫǲ˼Ĵڣ鱾
ǻȻֻһţ۸Ҳֻһıһݣֱۣ̫˾ϲ
ݶظģ֮ԻģĿ޲һݣ˻ݣҪĸǴһݡ
ǻ𡷴ֻӡˢǧݣйԱѷһݣϵĽһǧݡ
ǽһʱⱨֽ˸ɾһѯûбֽż̤ˡ
ѣֺֻȥѯʲôʱٲõ𸴺󣬱ſڹһձֽմ١ĸʾŽԼӼʵ״̬ȳ
һϦ֮䣬ֽ𣿡˷خ˼ĵһ仰
ǻ𡷱ҹӡӡһǧݣڶջ۹ˡ
ǻ˻𱬣ҲûϵϾһĲҲͼˣΪиǧҲˣû뵽ȫֵסǵ飬ӳеĶ˻ͦ١
˶˿Ǹ˵Ҷѧϰ
պڳϻ㱨£ǻ𡷴ǰѾӡˢǧݣҵǷҪټӡ
˵ܻӭǱټӡһݰɣųԼ뽻ݣѧӶַһݡ
˵£ΪӡݶΪ
ɰγԣʡ
˵Ϊǻڷخ׷ô˵ЧӦҲһµġܽ͵Ķ֪жʶ֮ʿݡҪ˲ţؽֿɵá
ǵҲʾͬɴԼǣϲ£ϲ£
˵ǱɰԣӡݰɡֻҪֽӡˡ
ǳҪھʶ̬͸ǱֽǮ͸ĶˣҲ׬ˣⱨֽһʾǵȽǴͳ˼롣
Զ˵һӵлӡˢĵطɲðĴˡ
ɾʮ㣬ӡģйģͬʱӡˢȲֽӡˢҲ̲ӡˢ
ǻ𡷴ŷһºڳ˽ҵĶ
һϦ֮䣬ǻ𡷱˽ҵΪŵĻ⣬ǻûǻ𡷣ǿ϶ˡ


116 
ԴݳƵ, ҵھͿʼӿȻϴҶĬֲֻᣬﶼиԵСž, ˻ϲ, ˱ģ̾Ϣ, ˿Ϸ
˽й͹۷􏪸t⣬ʤж١
ӱȷбȽϡǵشƫԶ, tûⲿѹ, һԵƣǹ㽻һ١, ˿ڲΪֻĶúþӪʱ, ׳
׳Ļû, t׳Ļᡣԥݲ£λûƵ, οѾƵ۵􏪡
㽻˿ڲһٶ򣬰˿ڳǧ, ԴԴϵıѹ􏪴´ࡣ, 􏪵С͢㽫tɱС
Ȼ鲢, tıԶ􏪲, ȥ°ƣӦԸزı, Ѹٱĵ
һֱ, tɳˮʦݣȻȫûʮսһ嶼ûƯ
ߵĶڴߴң􏪿ƵĹ㽻ҪĲΨһأǶtһֻ۰tѪȴٹݡ
ˮʦ룬µĸȡ¹ݡɱ½£ս̫̫յĹе
Ƿ׳Ѿ˲ʵ
ȥ􏪳ƵʱϢҪͨѡιԱʱһЩѧӴȻ·;ңԶϾδûʲô˳С
ǻ𡷱ٴδҵø˰಻סˡ˵ģ͹ظӡˢѾޱǶٴ£ɶ
ҲӲ淴ӳ􏪶˲ŵӣѾ絽˲־ʿѡοԶŵѡö࣬вܵʩչĻᡣ
Ǻѧ¿ʼµ
պ󣬡ǻ𡷱ڴtһģһıֽǻ棬λεдšخ֣ɫࣺʲô
̫׻˵£˽ھдġֽΪҵơ
tĿؿ׻ø޿ʲô˼
׻ͷϢŭҵϱߴϢ¹Ŀűֽһģһ
tһֲϹ
׻˵˼ǣݱֽдĳַʽ̳ġ
Σ
׻ðݳ飬ҵ˵Ҳһģһıֽ˵ҵѾĳַӣְ취ظӡǧݱֽҲӡǧᡣ
tб׻ӡΣ̫ȱ鿴𣿡
׻˵ȻǲȱģЩӵȱ飬ǻ͵͵ܵҵǱȥ
t˵ȥûбֽϽֽΥһץαǱߣһץסɱ⣡
ּ
˵£ΪⱨֽЩ̴ģɴ̴ϱߵϢҲ㴫ˣµҲû
t˵Ǿͽ˰ɡ
׻ȥtŰϵֽĿҪֽմ
ã뷢׵ŵ
tűֽڻűߣǷѾ
ΡΡӵϼűֽһᣬ˵ϳոռҪ»㱨¡
ˣ̫Ѿ޻㱨ˡαıֽѾھдˡҪ£ȴ֪ˣѾ۹·˷ˡtϵ֮Ρ
ԪϣƽʱtΪ̫ӵġ
ԭtͻˡʵ̫ˣѾʮȨ֣ĵڳ̸ڡ
tԼ⣬൱ˬԸΪԼ׻Ȼ
ȴ·ût˼ϳΪҲʲô֮¡
޿˵ӵܴͶαۣΪ⼸űֽtߡ
˵ǣ²ſΪޣֻЩƷ֮Żȥ֮Ϊǡ
Ǳŷ֮һӸλｫ
t˸ۣٱ£һټҵ̴ô򲻵ã
֣£ϳΪﲻ˶
ΪΣtѹסԼŭʡ
˵رŸƽĹ󡣶ս߹ľ޴󣬻Գⳡս»ֵҰġ
tһݺݵ˵Ǿͷ𣿡
˵Ȼܣһ꣬ӯ²٣һˮʦˮʦݡ
tŭЦִˮʦȥĽˮʦȥһӰûò􏪴ͨãıްգ
æ£ϢŭԩϳˣϳΪ˱¾Ϲᣬҵᡣҵıһϳֶ죬ϳλ뻢ıƤһҪϳĹİ
tȻ֪ܸ􏪹ᣬ֮˯괺죬ޱҪݡȥţ¶첻ãͱˣ
ּ
ͬһ죬ҵǶӹٱսɡǻ𡷱ÿҸϽȻȥЩŴ󻧵š
ҵ⣬æĽͷʮҴͣڰߣװжһ̴ʯԤ뿪
һӹٱԳż۶Ϊ׵Уξһֽӽ󣬴󰲹ֹһ̴̴뿪
װжĴҺͰ˹סˣǴû£ô죿
һӴܵУξǰү⴬ϵĻﶼǸ˳¥Ļǽﶼж𣿡
УξӸñǿ۳ܣû䣿ϽߣٲߣǱҪˡ˵ıӣڿкݺһ飬ġž
Ǵҽάȣ߰ɣжµĻѾ˳¥Щûβأ߰ɣҪ
ͬ״̬Ĵ٣Ҷе㲻֪롣
УξͻִͷϿй̴
˻ش𣬵Ǹղʯ̴ػ뿪
УξָҴʣңǵ̴Ǵӹģ
һ˽ӻǣԷ˵䣬ҴѾ˽ģʼ˳Źˮʻȥ
ϸղŴ𻰵˿ԶȥĽҵǣüͷ壬һԱС˵ɽ磬ƺʲôˣҪȥһ𣿡
ɽ˵̴ÿ¸ͷһС̽һ¡
Ա˵ⰲ̴ֹԺͲˡƺרǡ
ɽͷԺҪСһЩˡմɴǶִӣͳԺӺĻͲףֻȥˣҲֳ֪ԲԵô
ӦҲѣ̴Щ˱ضҪ취ӱѰһԴ绻Ӷֽ
֪ǹʵ۳һö˶˵İ̸ͨˣѲɸԼЩֽйأ
ɽ˴գһȺʿڻкЩ˱Ǵ㴬µĺѧӣΪεġǻ𡷱žµġ
ȻԤϵһֽһߣ䶯϶вٶԸ¹ݡⲻ̶ʱ䣬вѰõǵĴ׼ȥ
ɽʿǷ׷ͬкһ˵˵ǰ𣿡
ɽò˵λɾֻܷģǶȻڴС


117 
ɽĴصخʱ, ǻ𡷵ѾˡȴÿһڱֽķУѾخڴ¡
Ӵŷ֮һյͶ庯ѻɽĸ˲Լ¿ڱֽϣµĶ˶ء
񲿲ò􏪵Ľ, һ, רŰֽ塢ĸ塢Ű뷢С
ɻʱ, ⼸ڱֽͷ£д, ÿڶҪһϢ
, ǳӷ, ҳɷ
أخеĴҲζˣʵĻʵ۲̫һôϲҴ壬ĺܶʵҴ塣
֮ǰ¼ҳҡȡ¥˹, ˷ѵ, ѡοԣѧ, ޲ѧһҴ塣
ģѾʼβˣԼԼҵӵܲҪٽݡаԵ, Ҫ͵ñץѱ
һЩˣһʱ, ֳаСǿŮɱ˵Ļ
ҪǸǰ, ٸǮһ, Եسͷһ£ᾪٸ¾ȥˡ
Щ¶ûɻأһжɷö⳥⳥÷𣬸ö׼׼࣬ɱͷɱͷϢ
ôбһ֮󣬷خзȻࡣնֳƿ죬»ʵ۹Ȼǲһ㣬յ
һ´ɽµĶˣɾǽǺֱǰߣߵһʮ·ڣգ̫ѧڰͽϣլӾǣͷϹ̫ѧҶȥǶǼǣ˻ᰲʳޡ
ЩɽҾлһ·ѾӼɽ˵˹ݵĴҲ˽˻ʵ􏪵Ϊ˵ģྪ֮١
ȻǶ􏪵ഴٻл̬ȣһôܶôණⲻˣ񡣴ԼΪ˹􏪵ĵλ
ɽҲûǽͣԼ˵ĻֻһС֣Ҵ󲿷ֶĿõģǾαġµΪֻӴ֮Żš
˴й
뿪ҵ֮󣬼ɽģר˻ؽҵһȻǻȥ󣬳еϢǻᱻ̽ӴݻھΪʲôҪȴ̽ӵϢء
ܼɽҲǲСһˣĻרŸ񣬵ڷخûԼլӣƽʱҲסйС
􏪵йʲô˶УͰƽл̴ӣг͢ҪԱ֮ûк󹬣ƾ޽ей
Ȼ֮ĻԱΪ󹬡
ɽصйһ¾ȥ􏪡
ʱֵƻ裬һеʱ̣ԷǰĻϢʱ䣬Ҫ㰢ƽ档
뼸ӣͭǮģöͭǮһϼëе㷢졣
􏪺Ͱƽ⼸Ӷѧ䣬ֽýӦ߳Ļֱھÿÿ􏪺ͰƽʱǵĶᣬǽӲ
ɽվһ߿ţе㲻ȥǡ
֮·ɽ˵ɽˣûֱͣܽȥ°һϵҲ
ɽ״ЦҲ
ϲ⣺ֻˣ
􏪿żɽͷкյң
ɽæ񣺡¡
􏪰ڰ֣ؾһɡȻҲڴɽ㱨ߵ£ǲӰ캢ǵˣӡ
֮ͼɽ룬ⳡߵøǻ֮շӣȫˣ˧
􏪾ãݴʱٺʲ
ƽƣ˷ܲѡ
ֱŷʾ÷ˣǲͣÿ˶۵ͨ죬䤱δ
Էʱ򣬼ɽʼ˵ҵļţἰǻ𡷱Ӱ˶쳣⡣
tΪǻ𡷽̴􏪲ɵҡͷ̾Ϣֻ˲ȻҪ˸ߡۼ֤չˡ
֮˵˵Ǻ£ȥ˵ݡ
􏪵ͷҲûܡֻǼɽԺ׻ûôˡ
ΪȻܻ鷳һ㣬̫Ӱ죬ܻ취ŪԴȥߵһ㶫ó׼ɣ˻ȥһԴһǱ˶ˡ
ɽͷʾϿɣĵһ㣬ʵӰĻǱߵĶ˲ˣ˸ʾϽ¹ݣһץɱ⡣ֽҲڰˡ
üֽǲ̫ģĶԽǽϣķԽ˼Ƿ˵ġǶ˵ĽȽ鷳ϾأȷʵӰ󲿷µľ
tԽԽбͷˡ
֮ʼɽһжѧӣ
ɽ˵һʮˡ̸£ǲסt½϶ԽԽʶ֮ʿǨ
֮˵ȻǾ͵üӿ챱ϵĲˡȽ¡
ڰ֣ҲôżĿǰ˲Ҳǿˣպһͳ£Щ˲ҲǻΪЧġ
􏪲Ẉ̂ĿǰıҲļ±Ҫӽѵtʱһսʵ
ϰܰˮʦtӦòΪȡһЩϢʱ䡣
˵ɽͲҪٱˣ׼ɡܴһЩ˹̴óס
ɽͷõġ
ͬʱȺ˳ִ̫ѧıѧӸոǼǡ
ûٺãǾͷһڵġǻ𡷡̫ѧѵġǻ𡷿ɿԼǮղҲ⣬ΪһݱֻֽҪһġ
ѧǶˣҵһݡǻѾ˼һݣû뵽ֻҪһǮ͵ڲҪǮ
ʵǲ֪뿪֮󣬽ʹҵеġǻ𡷱ǻڽҵѾɾӣһһӣһǵĿռ䡣
ıʹ治õġǻûȥԻգܵخɹֽ
µѧǺܿϲ˷خ̫ѧлһ˼ĵطǾһ硣һ˼ÿ춼ھͷԷ籩̫Ҫȥ˽ʶˡ
Ҳ˼ɽĻخǾԲڵġ
³һǹ㽻ѧʽѧӡ
􏪰Լľ飬ÿѧΪڣ;кڣʦϢʱ䡣
̫ѧвѧӶճ͢İţȥ˸صӣһѧϰһߵȴ꿪ѡοԡĦȭƣ׼ڹݸɳһҵܹʷ֡
һԤȻ˰ɽˮСľخֽ
ǳ±ֽǰڵľɱֽҲҪɹԽԽá
ɱ취ȥ۵ҪãϾ˲иõ
֪һϢΪЩŰӡˢǰڵıֽͼߵˡ
磬ԺÿڱֽҪԤĶӡϼݣԤǮߵҲҪռ
Ǿ䡰֮𣬿ԭ


118 
³ʮ, 􏪵գʮ꣬ǸҪӣΪҪм
􏪵ϰ, Ҳûʲôر, һԸͿˡ
֮˵ʮ, ԵտԲӣһҪ, Ϊ׼һȽ¡صļʽ
Ӿмͨʮ굽ʮ, ʼұȽ, ǵȵʮžС
һ㼰ڶ¾УҪѡһայУǴӼˣϾ˭˵ʵղǼء
Ѯգϳһîʱ, ֮Ѿڷ, 念󣬾Ϳʼż, 
Ժ˼Ȧ٣΢΢˵㺹, Ҫϴȴּûһ㽫ϴˮ׼á
˵ʦң½һԡ, ˮѾ׼ˡ
˸аɡʱ, ϴ軹Ҫˬ١
􏪽ԡ, ԡͰвûˮŤͷһԵԡһȻһˮ̲סҡͷ׼ôˮ˷ѡ
·ԡأˮ¸ոպãҲȣ̲סˮ˼£ݳ޻ݳ޵ĺô
ϴţ洫֨ѽĿŤͷ⿴ȥһӰ˭
֮ҡ
ſˮرߣǲ׼ϴˮ
ԣĴӣҪ¡һЩ֮ʼԼ·ܻ􏪵Ŀ⡣
Ȼͬ꣬û̻ˣϽתȥװӾ
Ƭ̺֮ˮأߵߣźԡ
ⲻͷһθ􏪴걳ϴǶ˿ӣοʲôûԲ֮􏪱ɬУ÷·ʲô·Ƶģеӣеڴ
􏪱ָ֮ųرڣһ⣺ʱʲôʱ
ʱУõģüġ֮ˮưҨˮ􏪷ϣȻü˻¶Ĩںڵͷϣʼץࡣ
􏪱۾ţ㼰ʲôû죬ҲˣҼΪʲôҪô¡ء
ҲһĿĻϣҲıʣҶ㡣Ҳ׼Ҳ׼ģǵڸΪȡ֮˵
Ʋ죺ǺðɡǳҪ𣿡
֮˵й񣬾ǳ񡣹˵ڶӣĳˡ
ͻȻ˵ʵҶöˡ
֮һ㶣ڻʳһõ⣺СǰǶ󣿡
˵ʮꡣ
֮꣬Щӣһ󡣡
е㲻ԣŤͷǲǾͦϵģ
֮˵ҲûУֻû뵽Ҵ󡣡ĵǣѾȢӡ
Ц˵Ǳ飬϶룬û뵽ʵǸ塣ʵҾԼģʮ꣬ǱߣŸոտʼءǵƽѾӽʮˡ
֮֮ܵꣿ
􏪵ͷҲǶܣϰɣʮ궼ʼѧƵ̩ʮˣɷǳӲʣܼ¿йء
֮üֱ˼飬ʮǣܱΪ˰ɣΪܹ˸٣
ƼҽѧչΪһ˺һ컨ɥΪṩô಻˼Ĵ·ʵϣⲢûдӸϸǵˮƽޣܶҲΪ̾Ϣ
֮˵Ѿǳˡ˶лҴı仯
ЦЦҲҪǸлֻҪԹҾͲˡ
֮ӱӵڻġжһ˳ӣûҶ֪
􏪿֮УʪļǸо쳣ŵſɶɵټؼ鲻Խ
֮ȻвĸܣС૵غ֡
߽㡰šһ
֮ӵȢӣ
ԣϷʵ˵ڲǲеˣ
֮ͷһ£ʵûжҪҲ⡣
ЦûУʮ겻ıȱȽǡ
֮Կϲ􏪵תһ£ٽ˽ڻǺɵЦ̫ˣС̫ˣ
ʲôûôţǼײǹ߻ģȴͻȻ۾۾ˣˮˡ
֮һϽɿ£Ҹϴϴ
ԭķΧõȻ޴棬֮һĻʱʱ̾ϢõĻᰡֱ̫ϧˣ
ԡϣ֮ͷʱǰͷøˡ֮Ϊһ׻ľ
ⷢԺҪ÷ˡ
Աμ􏪵ļΪ飬ΪڹڵĲѡ
خûлʷԭã􏪱йڸĸλнС
żȸĸλѭףʣ¼գʼԪ֣˳ɵ¡ٿΩ
ȻΪ􏪴绲ڣ˵һЩףʣٻƤͣŻϹᣬΣҪԳ˵ݹλ̼䷱൱ˡ
Ѿũ£ϣûôȣҪΪŪú䤱
֮󣬿ǶΪ˺յЩԱ湻󷽵ģʲôķıֻ޳еȵȣʲôʲô
һһߵлôƷˡλٺ»ޣȴҪΪҵƷѣʵ֮֮ͬͺ񣬻ǼһãҪĲǼֵ⡣
ûҪµʥּ涨ͬżֵó٣ʱȣܻ¸֮ӡ
ʱ丹˫ֹطһֽ£СΪϵ񡣡
丽ʰùЩûд̴Ҳ޵룬ͷһޱ߷ԼΪ֪ճʽ¹棬ûΡ
􏪽ӹֽչһơףСƵˮ׶
丹ʥһ۾ϳˡǰСͲͲƼ򵥣ṹȴټӷҶԵñض׸Сĥһר׵ˮ׶Իؿˮʱ㽫ش򿪣ˮڣˮ׶ʱ㽫غϣˮ׶Ҳֹͣʹáˮ׶ͲһˮλӰСˮСϪҲá
İоС˹Ȼģˮ׶Ϊҽյ֮ڡ˵ţͷͼݸԵ֮
ϲʤɱأС֮¡
ôһ䣬¶ЦݣС˵ˡ˶̲ס棬Ǹʲôǵñôˡ
􏪴ͣɵòպˮĵط޽ˮ׶סλǶ񣬶ҶԣõĺˣƷѡлλĺÿʮ֬ףС˼ӱ
ٹлл£
Ǽұÿһ˾ֽҲǴҪģϾ֬϶򲻵
Ȼôף٣ȻٲҪ
ٹٶʮڴǹʢͨҲһһ֮ѰռҲʢ˶٣Ҵûȣǹʳһ
ÿθ磬ȺܳԵȫµĲȣʳĲǳļѼ⣬ÿεĳԷڸжһ缦аն˼Ҥ˺ȡ
ÿι󣬷خڱµĲɫ


119 
􏪼ĵڶ, ³֮ǽסɴ
ͷһ£
˵ɢúɴܷ͹һԸ
ЩôУǸ􏪴ݹģЩɳͲһ·, øǰ, ЩҲеƲ´ֱɺ޸ç
Է, 㿪ЦƵ˵ѵð˾ȻҳԷ, Ҿȴ֮ˡ
², Ǳض, Ҫʲô¡
ɢúţǵѵǶˣվţɴ롣
ߵһ˵ȥ߱£Ҳȥ緹ˡ
ǳ˳, ƿ, ź
ϳ󣬴һ, ò˵濴ʲôر֮ɱ􏪵
ǳǺЦɴδ
˵ݡǴˣ϶Ұ, 汲Ӻա
ε˵ɴ˵Цɴ׿ΪŹɣᱲܼҲ
ǲǻԵɺ, ¹ѶѡҲ, ˽ΪͻȻҳԷ
˵ҽΪЧ, ֮ͬ䣬߶ͨޣ㿪չ
ͷҲǡ
ΪǻԼϾ¥Էû뵽ȻԼ˼ҡ
ȻʱԷ׼ˣΪĲȽɽ亣ζмŻǴӹѧȥĻֻǿƣʳϸȴвͬҵĳⷽ˹ġ
ԸơܾˣջйҪ죬£Ͳˡ
Щεط¾ƺɴ˾ȲɡʳֱɣɴĪҪ
ЦдֱɣǱƽʱԵĶ㲻Ϸˡ
ЩεЦô簡Լ˵˾׻ѣһмҡм˶ǴӱǶѧɴ˳ϲϿζ
ӳһ⣺˼ҵĳҲһ֪˽ĳ˳ԷΪ£
˵ձѼڣӣţΪЧʵᱲ֮ңȸ¿һͳ£ǺεҫȻܾʲôв֮˼ǰղΪΣơڶӣҲѼڣϥӣ󹬶ȫգʵʧְɴΪأ
¿ӣǱݣ˵ôһȦ˵ý˱˽£Ҳʡ
ǼԸµĻ˽أ¹ؽɽ𢣬ǹ¡ʢȴһãأ
ֱ˵˵ý
ǺǺЦ޳ıὫȻὫҲ٣޴£ұ뵽ɴˡɴ˸¶ܱ꣬أܲɴ˳棬ȥѯһ±µ˼ϲŮӣ
ҡͷû˵ϲʲôŮӡ
˵ǷҪѡŮأ
Цã˺βȥʱ£
ǿЦʵҲ֮Сֱȥʱܾò̫ʣɴתһ¡
üŶ˺ίУ
˵һֶŮޥģɰ귽ʮģδ˼ҡĽֶŮ£˼ڣ˵ұҵˡ
ҡͷʮ˵䣺ˡĳĪﲻ˵æ취ɡ
û뵽ĽŶ𣿡
ҡͷУҲûô졣􏪸֮
ٷûôԣ˼Ӳ˾͸ǳˡ
ֻðȥգ³ڽϳԵʲôٻȥסˣû׼ﻹ˷
صУȻзˣϽʢԡ
ţ֮ɴ˽ô
̧ͷЦˣὫǱҸ
֮˵µһ
Ѿ֮ķʢ˳֮ˣԱӷ£׼Է֣Ὣ˵Լӡ
֮һۣ˹ȥ
żɽ˵¼ˣдǿʼıµĻˡ
ȥÿӵͣ˭˵ˣ
˵Ҳ˭˵ġⲻǱµ˽£ǹ£ǹ֮¡
֮ӣǲġ
бǲģǻֻңձ㣬ձȥұ¡
֮˵˴£
ȻûСϣһ˵֮²һ˵ģ˵ı¡
֮˶ݵĳĬǰʳеȻζʵҲĵ£ǰᣬ϶ͻˣڿͷͻΡ
ʵҲʱ뵽δһֱڻر⣬Ӳ
Щͬؿ֮ҲЩֻ֮ݵˣȴͬɶ˻һȥȫԼĸԼܲ˵ǻ
ԼҲй컵ͷŪʵ֮ѹĵףΪⲻܹµġ
ֻ븨􏪾£Ϊ˾̫ƽʢԼΪ֮һʷôһźҲ̫
žһ̴ٵĴ콫ûع֮Ѿ۶ˡ
֮˵˵ı£ȴһ˵􏪡
ȵؿͲĽΪųļ֮
֮ޱ飺Σ
̾˿ðɣѾ˵㡣˵֮˽Լ֮λãŲϡʲôء
ԭΪйֻһʽû뵽ζŸ鷳
յĳϣᵽӦѡˣȻʴ
ȥվһͷ֮֮ź˪˵δΪޣ
֮ů̱ѩڡܸˣ𸴡
æ˵£Ȣһͳ²޳ͻһ档
˵ˣ顣бб࣬˳
ص֮ͥժͷĹ᣺Ϊˡ
̧ۿտвˣ
Һܸˣ¾Ϊˡ֮Ƿĵؾøˡ
΢΢һЦˡ


120 
֮һϣ, ҲοؾȺļ̬ȣ֪􏪲ֶܼá
Ϊһ֮ʼҪ, Ͼ̳޷رܵ¡
֮һ뵽ҪһһȺŮ˷, ľеһѡ
􏪵ûⷽķ, лλҲδҪԼĶȥ̳С
ϾǾѡʱ, ֪Ҳ˭Ĺ, ˵Ĺ, һҵͳӦ߾֮ΨѪͳۡ
ǹʱ죬Ҫ齨ɡֽ׶βУΪײڻûвĻ, һ齨, Ȩ㽫ŴСЩ漯֣֮ʱҲûʲôˡ
֮, δҲϡ
磬ʥ̸깫£δ뿪
˻Ҫࣿ
ϺЦð´һ, Ὣжʮ˰ɣǷ䣿
оδҪ֮˵ý
Ц˵ѧܵܽһŮ귽ʮ, ÿɰܽŮ, ǳ谮, δ䡣ὫӢۣС㵹һˡ¾׮Σ
֣£ὫĪȢȢġ
𣿲֪ļҵŮӣ
˵Ͳ̫˵ˣὫ⣬ҵȻĪҪĺá
ź뿪ɣ²ȢޣὫҲзȢɵŮӣĪǰڽҵŮӣ
ɾ֣ҵҲδػֹУȴǻȥ
ȻûлɵԾĹϵϣΪ˪һԽûУŮӦþ􏪵檡
ϣ鷿¡֮ȥ鷿ԡûУ
̧ͷڰ֣ԡˣԼȥɡ
֮ԡʱ򣬿Ͱƽ˵ƽ􏪻˸Ƿ۾ˣǲ˯ְ􏪵´ɾһ˯
Ц˵ôˣ֮ǰԼ˯úúõ𣿡
֮߹􏪻ｫƽȥ߲ߣô˻Ҫɾ
ƽؿʦһôҪɾһ˯
֮ĲΪɾҪɾİȫһл˺ɾһὫ˴ܡƽ̫Сˣܱɾ
Ťͷ͵֣ƭСӰɡ
ƽŶһûٷ˶Σҽܸܲɾʦһ˯ҾͻȥԼ˯
֮ҪھܾȴȴӦˣãԡ
ƽϲֱƣ̫ˣϲɾˡ
ֵ֮ؿ􏪣͹ɡ
ҲǾżΪ֮߰ɣȥ˯첻ˡ˵Ŵ˸Ƿ
֮ƽԼϣƽ˷ܵÿֱЦ
􏪶˵ƽ˯ȥɡ
ǣ¡幧
ſվŵĿ뿪ղ֮˵ģ˯Ϊ˵һʱ䱣ԼҲôûأķҲ⡣
һѣˣʮȥЪϢɡ
ջߣɫЩȻ
ԥһ£˵Ҫ㻹ȥϾǶɣСܣ֪ûнĵ˼ǲȰˣÿն˳˫ɶԣⲻǸԼŰ
ҡͷ
̾ۻʲô취أ
􏪸֮󣬿Ͱƽ֣رĸס
˵֮ǲԼĺˣ᲻źأ
ƽ􏪺֮мţȥ˷ܼˣòУǲ˯
Ķӣ£Ҫմ칬Ĺ£ˣ
»û˵꣬ƽͽ˺硣
֮ŵ࣬ٽ§ڻѾϰߣ§˯ͻȱٵʲô
˸ɺã֮һ¡
􏪱۾˵˹˵ý
֮ٿۣ簵ҹеͷǣǻ𣿡
Ц˵ýģǸ㡣
֮ڨڨ˶Ϲʲôأ
􏪽ַࣺ֮ʵҾòڲǣڲԼ밡λȨصſ檣˭װ
֮˵ǿǴˡһؾ˰ɣ
ؾˡ˵
֮ͷһ£Цˣԣ͸ôءⱲӶȢӣ㹻
˵ˣһҪǵĳŵǧҪϧԼһӣʳԡ֮ģֻսϵǹۣܰԼͷ
ţһǵá֣֮سŵԥƬ˵½㲻òҲʳԡ
˿һ㣬˵ʲôأʲôʱҪˣ
֮ḧͷ֪ûλûɼܵҪ̫̳лλ
ü˭˵һҪжӲܼ̳лλ˶Եʵۡ
֮ס죺֪˵ֳ͢ʱ˵˼ԶԶѡʵۣҰбȨ˶òײȶ¾ͻٴδҡ
˵Ҳ÷ǵҵĶӣҿհƽΪӣΪӰˡ
֮§􏪣ԲҰˮġ
ϲ䣺ǳˣԸðҽڡԼѡҲڣԸеһк
һů֮ǻӿ̧􏪵°ͣȥ
귬خһձ٣ڹȽȣδӰճɡ
ũڴͽǵ˫ӭգó˵㣬ʳĲ˾ϲÿĶձ鶼һ˼ʮĲЩϵúõģнٽ
ǿŶѳɽ⣬ЦüǶˡ
ճɹɹٸ棬ðһֳʣĶٸյıصˡΪٸҪյ֣ӽƹ㵽㽻һ
ٸҪڴ֮ǰַַȫȻѵģͬʳȡġ
ӽƹпܻһЩ鷳Ϊ˶ιٸֹٸַ֡
ţһ˲ӽֻԳ΢ƣѡӽ
Ϊ˱֤ӽĴԺͲ꿪ʼخһΪӽԺͲٸ֣Ǯ֡
ٵ죬Ͻڵʳܵõʱվֲôʳڳֲ޻͸ᡣ
յĶҲҪůһԱů׷
ֲӽʲôܣδʽ˵йԱĵҲ࣬Ͼɽ
ҹԱǶҴ壬岻Ȳ֣ĶӼʮζʲô
ֱڳϻ㱨خһӽϰʳʱйԱ˽⵽ӽƹζʲô
ζǼҵּãҲõĶӣ̵ʱҲȱˣ˸߳͢ʱ
ٹǲ֪ǵı£Ѿؽÿĵ⡣
Ը􏪲ѡ֮ӣʺϵʵۣ˭ʺϣ


121 컨
һڵġǻ𡷱úܴƪӽķɹ
֮ǰ, ֮􏪵İͷƪ£˵ǲҪӽˮϢt֪֪, ϶͵ӡ
͵Ҳ޷, Ϊ͵ȥӾ´𣿡
û𣿡֮ʡ
˵ӵȻõ, һĲܻȽϸߣͲˡĵӽԭԾάֲȥ, ͻ˻
֮Ȼ򣺡ԭˣҪܱ֤ӽ˻أ
˵һƬȫֲͬһƷֵĵ, ҲŻרֲͬһˮͲƷӽ˻
ȻһŴѧʡ􏪱ض벻ѾĻ͵ߵ֣ûʲôãΪƭء֮Ц˵
ЦŵͷǣʵͬˮӽҲпָ߲ܳˮ, ûרҵʿɸѡֲȶ, Ҳֻ꼻һ֡ͺñһţûлʶֶ, ôҲлΪĺ, ҲлΪ١
֮̾صͷ
ӽıȻ˺ܴĺ䶯, һΪ, 㱾򱱱ߵʱ䡣
ľ֮ڱ, صΪҪʮ꣬ΪڲŸս±, ҲŸҳƤ, һɳҪʱ䡣
֮Щ۵, ֻЦһЦΪ㹥½
عϡӦòѣtأضҪѸߵĴۣͿ򲻴ս
ҽǸǳĵطٴ󺣣뽭ݸһɽҲɽأȫһȻıݣһ£ȥͲôˡ
ʱû̵£ɽҪˣ¡
ӵǼɽүүˣѾ̫ãǼɽͷһӣЪˡΪ˰ȫǼһˣɽʹӻ
һγ̴ʮңĴεĹģҪ􏪺ڴҲЩǣϾɽΣ֪ܲʤΡ
޷żɽҲ
οԼܲԶӻڴ£Ҫȥðգꡣ
ʮµף򳹵ת䣬﷫𺽣ٴ̤˺˿֮·
􏪴ͷ괬뿪صУųȺͽֵʮοеҵյһĳЧˣӹݸĿ̶˲١
tȻ̴ͻƷⲻкܶƵӶ⣬վд󴬿
ǻ􏪾ü⣬ĳģˣʽҲܲ棬á
ԺͲũ޶ëˣ˵ëũҪöࡣ
􏪻صУƽԺǧС􏪻ǧҲˣϽɾɾ档
ĺ˵ĿںüڿհƽΪӵ¡
Խط͵˼ǳԣطԼѾϣʱܳΪĵƷ㽫ȫи
һֱǰֵչ˶ӵ̬ƽֶûΪС
ֱ߻飬ʶԼûи̳ˣûȺģ޷°սġ
֮˭ҲûлӵĹܣӴӺζ
ҿɲиֳɵôŴʵΪӣŪһŮˣƴˣҲûԸģزˣλҪ˼̳еģǴѡһֶӵ̳ˡ
հƽΪҲϹλҲδɡ
¹ش󣬰ƽ׵ܵҪһ􏪴ıţϣܹҵڳΪӵط֪ԼľȻҲֻ֪ͨһ
㰢ƽһᣬ˵ˣշ󣬵ȥɡ
һߣƽҹȻЩ
˵˼أ˼ƽ
˵ʦܽδ
Щ⣺ôôû
̫ȥúÿȥˡʲôµˡ
֮˵ȥɡ
˵ˣ̫ˣˣֻһ㷢ȣԼ°ɡ
˵нˮƽ£þƾΪɢȣϣձѾˡСӵĲÿ죬Ҳȥÿ졣
˳􏪻صԺ˼ҾǽҵĶӳ
ʣ˼磬ĲҪ𣿡
˼˵ʱҪһҪ˵ǧˡȷ컨
컨֣ʱסˣ˼Ķô£
˵˼ԺǽǱߣ˵ҽ컨ˡ£ʲô컨ݱƫԶҲһԴȾ
˼Ǳ˵£ûؼˣʱסҽˡȶٻ
Ȼ˼˵Ķ컨Ǵ⣬컨ɱȴлֲԺȾ
˼˵һλӱ˴ġ
ʲôʱ򵽵ģʲô֢״ʡ
ǰ쵽ġ֢״ǷȡͷʹսԡƤŧ˼˵
һʱѣУȻ컨Ըʹˣ
˼˵ԣû컨⺢ӶԸ֢쳣ԡ
ûзסڱûУʡ
ˡҲܴȾˣԲһ°Ѳؼҡ˼˵еˣ˿еˡ
˵ģڿʼҪϲҪֱӸ˽ӴҪҽݵĴͻƶˣÿҽݵĲҲҪסڱǡϽ޻޲Ҫֽҽô֡˼˵ҽαԼˡ
ȻǴ򣬵ںȾķ̣ΪʷϹģĺȾ֮һ֮ǰ鶼δ
˭֪û¹ڷףȻ컨
컨Ҫ¹ڸΪֲҽ
􏪸˼꾡ϸµ˵˷ΰ취αԼĲûЧҩ£ȻΪҪ
􏪸˼齻ָϽ֪ͨ³ĹԱ»컨һ¡
ȫǽϣҪڰվӼҸ룬¹ߣضҪ
ƶһϵзʩҪٸҪ䷢ȥҴгڰաֵҲҪʯҵ
˼˵λӱĲ˴˵ĴмʮˣڿջסһҹҽݴգнӴнӴѾϰˣЩͬе˿˸Ⱦߣһ롣


122 ţ
ٸ̵ʱڽסĿջҽݶм, ͵ظ룬
벡˴һĳ˿ԼЩ˵нӴҲȫҳͳһ۲졣
Ҳž, ߲ˮɹٸͳһɹ, ٰȷݷֺ, Ұͻţѡһݲ, ݲ򼸷ݡ
Σʱ̣ҪҶ, ٲ̬ҲҪһ㣬ʳٺ»Ϊˡ
һԵذţָ֯߻
ٸֹͣ糯ǰΨһҪǿ顣
ٱʮСʱڽѲ, һзȡηƤ֢״, Ҫһʱٱиơ
̴ݷصͳһ, Աߵ, Ҫи۲, , Ҫסϵȴ
̶ʱ, خǾȫ˷״̬̹, ߶
خĴׯҲͨ, ⼸нǵ, ҪоӼҸ룬һз֢״Ҫ㱨֪ͨٸٸƹ۲졣
鷢ֵüʱ㹻ӣߴʩǳϸ컨鲢ûӿֻпջҽԼŲͬĿг˸Ⱦ
Ҳ㹻ͷۣΪ컨Чҩʷǳߣ֢컨ÿ˾ͻһ
Դӷ컨飬􏪵ľ;ţΪ˼ڸҽݣŲнӴױȾȺ
ǺȾĿǰּªķ취Ⱦֻʱ⡣
˼Сģ񻹲ʮ꣬Ϻôһӣһи̣ô
ޱȽ֮ʣȻһԴţ컨ĿǣҪǻţܶ컨ʵԵߣҪҵţ˼ԼҽݵϣǾͿ컨ˡ
􏪼æ֮˵ӾȥѰһţţȻ󽫲ţ
֮ţ컨һδţ˵ţ컨
˵Σܷ컨ΨһȫĲͨεġҵţ͸ҽݺͿջЩδ˶ţҲϣͲٵı컨ȾˡֻҪţٵĻ컨
֮ԸϽ˵ãϳȥţ
Ҫţţ˵
֪֮ţȥѡһӾȥѰһţţ
е㵣ҲʵĲţũᣬţҪӦ÷ǳ࣬ҼͷţӦòѣֻϣҪϵ̫ã䡣
Ϊ飬˶˼УҲϳˣֻÿ춼Ҫǻ㱨
ҶĵĪڰƽΪˡ
ǰ֮˴Ӱɳһخʮ꣬Сţţžꡣ
ƽʱЩӳڸиɻҪȥѧϰտΣƽʱҲûʱ㰢ƽˣҲͣˣˡ
ֻм磬Ǹ˼׺˼գܲ˵ġ
磬ֹ􏪻㱨µչռð˷һλҽݸչ˲˵ѧͽһλĴǸ˽Ӵ࣬Ⱦϲ⡣
λŲѾȫ൱أҩЧҲԡ
􏪵֪˼ڻǰȫģԷЩģֻϣܸϽҵţҽϣٷ
ǰغԺտţ˼ã£ʦܣ˼磩û°ɣ
􏪵ͷû¡
ܲȥʣԶԶظ˵
˵ڳѾˣȥҲﲻκæҪȥٲˡ
˵²ὫȥҩҶȥ˼һġ
ԣҲСȥɣסǧ߽ˣԶԶظҽȴҵİ취̫ġ֪˿˼ĸǶôǸأҪһ㰲ο֪ûз
ã֪ˣ¡ھȥ˵
˵һ£硣
һˣʱһСҺСİӣһЩ˼ԣģºὫһ취ȴҵġܻܿˡ
ӹã֪ˡ
􏪲ĿСѾͷѾ֪ˡ
ע⵽􏪵Ŀ⣺㿴ʲô
ʣˣ
еĪǴˣϾʮˡ
􏪺ǺЦǸˣ֪ˡСѾͷܻˡ
һţ£˼һСءתˡ
􏪿ıӰ𵱳һμ龰Ǹ²ļСӣֺݣŶãѾǸͤͤŮˡ
֪߾Ȼôء̾˿ˣ
˵ر»ְʮˡ
􏪸пͷ죺ʱŵرء
֪Ϊʲôͻ˸п
ʱƽɱɾһӱϣס˫ȡ
ƽʲôأŪͷ󺹡
ƽ§Ĳӣǽ
𣿡
һ㡣
􏪹ЦҲˣ´һС
֮ȥһ죬ֱ϶ûлЩģ֪˳˳
һ˯ûаƽ˯Ҫҹ̣ˣ˵ʦģΥ
􏪿˿ڣȥˣܹˣ˸˯ϣܺ
һҹ􏪺ͼ˵˰޻Ǵǰݵ£ҪΧ˼顣
ο±ģʦأ˺öҽ飬Ҳ˺ܶಡˣ϶κ컨ġ
􏪿Цǲ֪컨жգϣܹκ컨
һ磬֮ͻˡһͬĻͷţͷеʪЩ㲣ҹ·һû˯
ҹϻģ􏪾ϲʡ
ǡ£ҵĲţ㿴ͷǻţģҲʶ֮˵
Ҳûţչȥ˿ͷţһͷӹԲ|ǵе󣺡ͷţǻţˣ
ţ̵ĸţƢе󣬱Զһ㡣֮˵
􏪶һԣϸ۲ĸţӣ|õܾţɣҲûҪ԰ɡҴţõĵطŪһŧҺ顣
֮ô
􏪴֮ȡذףӣ׼Լֱϻӡ
ŵͣˣ£
֮һѽӶȥҪʲô
˵ţţŧҺŪҵ
֮ԵúôԼ飡
գգۣţôֵġԣԣǶҪ֡
У¾Ҫ飬Ҳ֮˵׼Լϻӡ
æذȥʦ㲻ԡ
ȻԼԲ􏪺֮ա
֮˵ǶˡˣɡֻҪһСӱԣ
˵ԣһСӾͿԣٽŧҺͿȥȻٿʵҲûףΪȷǲţһǣǱʲôǰ֮ˡ
֮ͣ
˵⼸ͷţ𣿻ûбģ
мͬû
˵ҪǻٿҲȷ⵽ǲţ
֮˵ǾȵȻȥҵţԡ
˵ȥϢһ£óɡ
ݣ˲ô£􏪱㽫ţԤ컨İ취ҽһ
彫ŽɣĿԣ
􏪵ͷţ;Կԡ
ʾ£óˣǷھá
􏪵ͷãȥ÷ɡ
ҽ˷µȴ÷֮Ѱţľ
С􏪿ǰĲ̣ɵð˿ֲҲǼõҺôҶֲ͵ġ
׼ԣˣԼϯλ£˵£ҸոѾİ취ţ飬ǵûЧɡ˵Ž۵ȥ


123 ֶ
һ˵, ˶
􏪿ôô嶯˵˵ţ˻ڻȷţ
˵컨ˣƤ״͸ţϵĲࡣ
􏪾ȵؿ컨ˣ
ͷ, Сʱ򡣡
ȻûбȾϡ˵
¶ЦݣΪҲ컨ȥ, ǲûС
׸ĸ˫, Ըֹһʱ䡣һܵһȥ, ﷢˺ܶ컨, еĻţеѾˣУʽ, , Ҳʬ
һûĲ˼ʱסϽ뿪ǵ컨, ȾϾͻ
ǸŧŮ, ŵе㷢, ʶͷܡŲ·˺, Ǹ, Ѿ, , Ϊʦȣġ
컨һ¸ĳ, û뵽ôڷخ컨뵱ʱǽ컨һ, , ÿһ˶ûбΡ
˵, 컨ķûԹΪѾǧٻصˣһֺηأΣҲػȥա
ò˵лл㣬ܻţҲ컨֢״ӦòأҲº֢
컨µĲʸߣһ˺µǣ컨ɴƤãҲƤҲÿӿݣء
ţᣬ֮Ƥ̡
¶ǳǳЦݣšã԰ɡ
áʱǴҶϡ˵һͼһȥðãͷţ˼ȥţķԡ
ͼӦã
곯ȥţ֮˳ȥ˵Ƿһ顣
˵Ὣɱͱµݣ°նȥȣǧҪԼİΣðա
֮ͷ̵ָöԣҼˡ
˼Ҳû뵽􏪸ҩһͷţ꼪Ľͣͷллˣǻذɣһᰴ취ȥġ
ֲһ䣺ͷ̵ĸţƢ꣬עһ㣬ȡŧҺʱҲҪ̫ºˣӰӡ
˼¶Цݣ֪ˣһЦ
˼ΪһҲ˻ᱻ˴Ⱦľ򣬵û뵽һοܱȾļɱ֮Ƶ컨
⼸ıܼ尾Ų˱ʹĥţߵһֲ֪Լֻʱ⣬Ϊҽֻô󣬳˶ϡ
ʦּţ˵ºʦѾڸβķԵõһЩοٱºʦûзǡ
յţĳԤϣܾЩ޻̸֮°ʮȿҪ´ûʧܹԾܿ൱˼飬ǾһԣϾʱˣͶҽҲûа취ѡ
˼鰴˵İ취Լţҽݵ˶ܾ档һôİ취Ҷĸܲ࣬šԸһ£ܱʲôҪǿ
䣬˵ȵ֢״Լؽиκ˼档Ҳȷţ컨һҪԼȬ˲ų
􏪾еɰҲ֪Ⱦţ᲻˴ˣ˴ˣӦҲذɡ
Ҹ롣
ڶգƤ΢ĺһжԤڵչ
􏪰ȥѯ˼˼Ҳ˸֢״ڿȷţŵڷһЩнӴ߾Ͷоˡ
ֹգ˼֢״ûмأˣʸҲڼ˵ţֵ÷ǳɹ
ҽţ˶ûиȾ컨һûֵĸȾ컨
ҽδţ˼Ч׷׶ţǸȾ컨Ĳ˺ڲѣûţ
˼˶ţѾȾ컨ĻҲˣҲҽ
ʵ֤ûиȾ컨ֶֻ֮΢ţ֢״Щ컨ߵЧǵĲҲûмᡣ
ȷŵǣţ컨Ч⼸գԺͷţֱ˾ţÿ˿ᳯݰݣл˴ϣ
ڿ϶ţЧ֮˽ҵĲţȥенӴԼнӴֶ
컨鳹׵õơһʮ˸ȾŲΪѪ֢״
ٸ˵˻𻯣𲡶
Ҳʼ½ţΪ˸ģȴӳ͢ԱʼǾӪǳаա
ţѣѵǻţͺʹˣҪ˼ȥ
􏪺͸еҲţԷ컨
µ˶컨˵컨Ѿˡ
ȷˣⳡ컨ԴԶ־ڣָȽУ˾ͨޡ컨˰˽ҵ
ҵʮ˵Ĵǣ˿ܼ֮󣬽컨ڽҵٴ˱Ⱦ
tһ£컨߶Ǩҵеķȥôиֽơ
ҲֲΥʥּģʽؽˣճ˴۱Щߣÿֻṩ࣬һҩ
ҵﶬɲȹݵﶬ˪ѩֶÿնʬ屻̧ɺоȣٽл𻯡
һʼǼ״ʧʹޣѾôಡˣľһ룬а߶ԩġ
ҵе컨Ҳδȫž½˸Ⱦڹٸ̫̣ܶԸðգԸ⽫Լ͵ȥ
ʹůУtڵůϯϣŰϵۣɫȹ׻ڣ˵ǽ˶ͳΪʲôڻôಡˣ
𣺡ر£Ҵ״ʮء
tһˤݺݵ˵ң


124 
tԵǻ, ͷԼȻ˻ʵۣܶʱС˵ʵ۽ԣһԾŶ, Ȼܶʱ˵Ļûá
䲼һ, ܵ谭Ϊд󳼶Ҵ, һЩʿ棬Ǳضǰٰ, ز, ʵȥҲЧ΢
tÿһʹƫûЩҴôҶŴغͲƸЩͨ˴̸, һǶȫ, һˡ
Ƣ, ôһ͸ϲŭ޳, ߵ̳Ļʵÿı, ˵ʲôʱͱɱͷˡ
tǻվûйϼ̫ƽ, ǳ͢˼, ˮ, ˮֹǸũ񱩶, ̯ߣֱƵû·
俪ʼtαλ˵, һ, ˻ʵ, ŭϵ, Բ³ͷ°ոһù
һ˵ߵԽԽףͼӴף˵бۡ
ðأȻϱߵĹݣ˵Ǳ߷˳հҵtˮʦ􏪣ûݣ쫷磬ˮʦֱӱˣƣĳͷ
ܶն͵͵ϣܹջعλǿѵӡ
ڽݱţֻخǵİնϡ
ҪţΪ㹻ţ􏪴˺ܶţţһȻ˴˸ȾţԹֶá
خҪֶϽĿغݽҲҪţȽֳ˿ڣٽũ˿ڡ
Ϊ˿ڸΪܼ˿ΣϵϸߡԶԣũ˿ⲿӴ٣컨ȽѴȥ
خǵ컨ȫõ˿ƣ˳ֹ컨˵ĵطûط˽յָֻ糣ˡ
خĽͷͣĸ봬ֻҲ˽˶ȥţ˵ţ˾Ͳٵ컨ѵģ˶ģȻҲгֲ̬ȵģܾʲôı
ٲ˵ˣţͲǣЩ˲ò֡
֪ôˣٲҲܲˬѰǽ磬Ȼ⣬͸
齭ӵֶ˺ܶബֻССģǴӱġ
Ϊ뱱ߵ컨ߣ߼˴͵ܹģͨϼҴڡ
ͩһԱסأڵǸ׶ʥ飬ҪͷأζûƷڣ˵ϱ߿ѡ٣ʱȻǵĸڲԶΣûС
ֿϱ߳͢ġǻ𡷱иǴһ˵ĸ޶᲻ְ͢䷢ɱ⣬ֻôͷ
ϵףؾȻ컨ߣ÷ǳءͩżе˺ӣݺģڻ¶˾ģʰϸ߼һϼҴڣʼ¹ݡ
˳˳ˮһ·Ҳûʲô⣬ʮ죬ִ˷خ⡣
ͩԶԶŷخǵĳ¥дʯŮͷ˵쿴ǵخˡ
ĺûخǣǿ˽һĴֻЩҲȥخ𣿡
ͩΧССĴֻ˵Ӧǰɡ
خǽǰȴٳٲܿôͣںвܶˡ
ͩæʴңңô£
˵ɾĪļȥһ¡
һһˣ˵ǲýǡĻὫ컨ȥ
ͩĵһû컨Ҳý𣿡
֪ٴһ¡
úͩ𸴣ʱýǣٸҪеǼǣ˵дӱ˶Ҫ¡
룿ͩʣһСڣܲġ
ʱϰŰɡ˵
ͩڴϵ˿һʱֵϰдĹٲͷϽеǼǣ߳ص㡢ںδжˡخĿĵ
ͩ㱨ԼĻ˵ԼĿģ˵͢ѡοԣ׼μĿԡ
ٲ̧ͷ´һֿͩļˣ˵е࣬ʱȥʱססϰ¡Щªλһ£ºûзܽˡ
ͩЩͳһԺ컨ˣģǲûвȴҲҪи룬ʼԼѡǲǶԵġ
Ƭ̺һȥʱŵ㡣
ʱŵٱϹģשéֻм򵥵ʩ
ͩһҷ˸СԺӣǿס¡סȥ֮󣬰ڱ㲻еƷǹٲȥģΡ
ʱģ඼ʪģڹٸǵûܵ齡ʡζض߸ߣڵϣܺ
ͩܿ췢֣خĹٲԤĻҪɿһЩÿնѯ˵״ǷȱʲôΪǲɹ
գٲǣһͷţдΪǽţ˵ǿԤ컨خм˶ţʵ۱ˡ
ͩδ˵ַ컨İ취Ȼʵ۶ˣôҲӦŹٸϾ컨ô£һء
һҶţţһ˶˳̶Ȳ֢ͬ״ܴѾˣͩһһŵɫ
ͩĸԭͶԶӾټҰǨľٶܲ˿̸ǿʼԹǸֵ컨컨֢״Ҫǰ
ͩȻҲܻţϻǿ򶨣˵ˣţֽţ컨ӦվͻõġûбҪɱǡ
̫çײˣܹЩİأҪǶˣǵĲƲȫ֮ˡΪѸߣ絹ҲˣᣬףҪһи̣ΪθȥĵζԵڣĸ޵øγϡ
ڶ˼鿴ûĸ
˼ЦãϷˣ컨оҸֵȷʵҲ컨컨Ľţ컨׳ţ֢״ȷʵ컨ӽ֢״Ҫö࣬ǳҲ̣Ǳˡ֮󣬾Ҳؾ컨ˡҸԩ޳ѵıƺɣ
ĸûӻĿɲЩҪıƺ
˼˵ϷɰģǱլʺΪ˰ЩˣʱİǶŶšڱ𴦿Ĺٸ
ĸȷʵ޻˵Ǵδ˺˵Ĺٸ
ͩϽǸʵڱǸＱЩŶԲѷǧҪǼƽϡ
˼ν޷֮顣ⷨҼұ·ģһڸ컨βţ֮ȫûбȾ컨ⷨȷʵáǲҵĻٿɡ
˼գЩ˵֢״Եĺתûһ˲أǲſʼ˼Ļ
ڻ׼ǣڷخ˷ס
ͩȥ̫ѧȥһţѧ˵ٸ컨Ĵ취̾ݳ͢ӦЧӦԣĳ֮͢
ȷţԼǶˣݳ͢Ľ׳꣬߳͢ǸнľķˡȻtͲ􏪴󣬵ĵȷȷָо


125 
ƽ, 􏪽Ԫ̫Ƶʱûнţݺ󣬾һʱķչ, ȷ˷Ŀ, Ҳ, ž䲼š
̫Ԫ³һͳϽĹ㽻֯˵ڶѡοԡݲμѡοԵǧ, гԱѧӡ
¼öʮ, 󲿷ֶ䵽Ϊӻй꿼һΣٽְλǨ
Ҳ£֮ʱ, ݵĽº, ֮ʦس, ˳˽,
􏪵ĵѾŵtƤӵ¡
ʱt컨֮, ҪˮʦΪٳûĿ꣬¹ݵļƻҲǳ
Ƚӵǰűʱ, tûѪ, ڳϴ, ȻȺһ, ûһԵ
tЦһ²ؼӣǲǾҵ, ʵۣλ, ٻҿΣ
Ⱥû˵, ûһ˽tĻϡЩҴ岻֪˶ٳٴ, ܻ˭ʵۣҲӰ첻ǵٻ
νʵۣҲǵˡǶtѾˣΪһûиͱĻײٿأǸͷ࣬Ҳʹ죬δɡ
Ȼ􏪵ǰĻʵ룬˿ѡιԱȺӣ˵ͼĺźƽĿռ䡣
ԻҪɼģЩҴ徭ϰĻۣǳⷽǲƽġ
ҾǴ̽ϢǸº͵ˣҷǳʶ壬ҪtҪʶȤˣҲ״򽻵
خй
ôűʸˣдԣдúܺáڽİƽ֡
ƽдһƽ֣Ťͷ􏪣ǳ˵ɾҵƽ֡
ıǼϵһ£ԣƽ֡д÷ǳã
ʱ⴫ٵĽŲܽУʡ
ָ̧ͷꡪʾС㣬ŵ˰ƽ
ƽǱŪ÷ģ̧ͷգۣ֪ôڽˡ
􏪶һԵ˪˵˪䣬ָ㰢ƽ֡ȥ˵ɡ
ĽŲǺ¡
􏪴ľ죬ţʱͷһۣͷ󺹣˵ȥһ÷ͤ
ԾڹдȤҪȥ๤ͨӹݵݵĽݾѾȲҪƽˡ
ϵĻҳյңҲûϴˣ
Լ⣺˵Ҫӣ͸ϽˡΪʲôҪӣʢ꣬Լ𣿡
ûϻشȣ˺԰еͤֵʢģ԰гҶ׵ĺɻӭŭţɢƢ㡣
ʯ£˵ɡ
㻹ûشء
˵ҶûУ˭ӣ
˵ⲻɣֻҪԸ⣬ȫµŮӶԸӡ
􏪵ЦʱѾ÷ǵϡ􏪽һðŰ÷ƵǰȰɣ
Щɣָͷһ±ףģб
ؽ磬ѩ£ˣбҲܴ浽졣
Ц丵һʦ˴ӱ߹ʶһ£ģʯŪ˱
Ϸʡ
ҡͷҲǱϷĳЩرһ²ӦһʡҲͲİ̫࣬Ҫ֡
Ĺ֮ǸԭɵĵʿѾʼлѧˡ
û׼˶ãͻлˣҲû׼С͡ȻʱŪеų⣬뵽ᱻŰɱԼͬԼȷء
οɱ¾ߣߣɽҪ
һ÷ָԼһٺȸɣ㻹û˵ΪʲôҪء
˵ȣãҪ̰θáԼԲҪ
ʲôԼ´һ􏪣Īݵë
ЦˣϹ¡ƽҴСģҵٺʲˡ
бۿ̳Ļλ
˵Ʒжֹδɡ
ʯվ֣δҲ̫Ϸˣô£˲ʵ¾λһˡοôȺ°ŷ
̾Ϣ˵ƽҲˣĶӡ
סˣ૵˵ѹ֡ȻֵĶӣʲôʱ򽫶ģ
ȥ֮ǰ
ĬĬ˺һڲŽȥطһֺ̣͸֣󻹰̸ʵ
⻰̲סúЦ˵湻ֱ׵ģƽʱһţû뵽нֻƽһȽϰȫĵطѣǽƽ͸帧ǻ𣿡
͵ƽֻҲǿĺһͱֹɱˡ棬ɬ
ļ磺ᵽ£Ǹ
ݱ֮ʣ޶սбɢҵʱѾΪʬ壬Ӳ¡
ãſƺԼȻѾˣҲ˵ʲôľ
Ҳ壬ʱһ֤ɡƽǸúӣԶҲˡ̾Ϣ
ɴ˫ۣôˣ
˵˴컨ʼٴأҲأ컨ûѾȥаˡ
һҧгݵֲ֣֣죬t˳𲻱ĲΪˣ
֪˼tطȥֵʣҲʹ˿硣
ҪģҶᱨġ
ʽڰƽ죬ǰƽգҲ¸һӡ
ƽǰһϣ􏪽ƽйһ˯ʰƽƽϲɾ𣿡
ƽ͵ͷϲϲɾˡ
˵ҲرϲƽҪƽҵӡԺͽҵ𣿡
ƽסˣͣĸʱҲǺʢʱ򣬱ĺӶеȴûУҲʹߵˣ􏪣õĴһǣѾˣںԶԶĵط
԰ƽһĽű˵ĵһ߻ԼĵﵽʲôӡжģϾԵûӡ󣬶бȵõɾ
ɾ˵ҪԼƽܿϿȻſǰ
􏪽§ķΪԼƽؽһʵû뵽ƽôжԭô£ԺҲжӵˡ


126 ䷨
֮һһС˶§, ŰƽԴ˵ƽԺеˣʦ͵ᱣġƽԺҲҪ, κ۸
ƽͷ, ϲ, һᱣġ
Сһ£ллƽ, Ҳᱣƽġ
֮Լϵ쳣޴, ǵ·صˣһȥػ
գоʽʽ, ֤֮ǵȳҪԱ
Ҫƽһ, ̬֮ƽ, ˶, , ΪξҪء
⵽ȴ󳼵ǿҷԣž޴, 􏪽Լ˶, Ӻ֮ΪȨɿصĻˡ
ڱޱӢ, Ψں̫
ôشģʵ֮λ, Ӧ߾֮ҵӱܸ, Ӽ̳лλδɡӱӢǾӼλ
⻰Ȼ, ĶӰû, ҲܻС
⻰ֱҪѪ˵, ֮һ˼̳ȥ°ŷ
˵ƽˣԽطĹ⡣ԽΣ֮ʣиңԽѾҹȥֻŹ£ҽѵӦã
µƿԣ崫ͳģֶʧȥ˸ĸ岮Ӧѳɹ¶ֶƴûɷ􏪵Ϊ
ʺԸչֵ֮ӣ򲻿Ϊ̫ӡ⽫Ϊպĳٴ»Ϊ􏪿ƽͬΪ̫ӡ
ûٷµ
ȵļ֤£ǾʽƽҲָ幣ԽΪȡ֣ԽѹʣƽĶˣûҰ׵Ȩ
Ȼ˴ƽɻСҶϰ֡
е̴Ҳ׷׸Ŀڹܰƽе¡ƽܷӦ˽Ǿˣҽаƽе¡
Ǵұƽ£
ƽˣܴӳҲͬ˸һЩڼû飬ǳį
􏪾＾ѧʱȥѧѧҲΪѧҪ飬ҸƽӴܹϤͨ˵״˽ࡣ
˳ֻӽӣ㽻ݵ絾˴աʮֽԼѧû׷ѣΪմ˸
δ􏪷Ӧʳ۸񱩵ٲǷҪһЩʳ
􏪱ʣǶ٣
˵һֻʮģȥ֮һ
üʳҲ֮һʳôأ˵ӽһȱũõĶӣҲ̫гôôء
˵ȥˣٵ꿪ʼ⣬ǮˡũΪ˻Ǯʳӿг۸͵ˡ
زЩԾũҼҲȱʳгϾͲҪ̫ʳ۸ȷʵѹñˡȥһ£˭չʳǲǱˡ
Ǳڵͼ۹ЩʳͻΪԿԼսʡ
􏪵˼ˣȥ顣
պ㱨ҲУ࣬ҪǱصĵչ
ȥڣһֱα컨Ա̴úϸ̴ûйٸߵ޷ݵġ
üͷЩȱʳΪҪͼչʳҲѹ͵İɡ
Цʥ۾ѹ͵ġ
ЦǴһֺ̡ǸǮʲôضǶģֱд
ɲǣЩе֣ڻʳȴ߼ۡ˵
պò׶嶷ȻûʲôƣҪܵ˫̰Щ׼ֱʹ
˵㰴ձм۸ߡȥ۵͵ļ۸ȥչյʳٶ޼ִסҪյʱ򴢱սˣҲõ׬ˣܻеûյʳҲ׬̫ࡣ
˵ǣ¡
Ҫ뿪ͻȻ˵ƣ˵ڽر䷨ʱ𣿡
һ£֪µľ䷨ݡ
˵չУСũأȻ˾·䡣
һ£ҪЩӰ
􏪿Цǣ뷨Ѿáһ䷨ƱػҰ𶯣Ѿˡǲ䷨պǴ£Щ㽫ĵˡ
룺ǱǱ䷨ھֱӽЩƵ˶棬Ʒ͢ǳ󡣻˼
􏪵ͷԣҲ뵽ˡ˼ãٳûö⡣ٿ۵
˵¹ش󣬳Ҫȥú˼һϸ´𸴡
ãȥһ°ɡҲȥ˵ȥɡЩƣػ˻֡
ˡ
ʵȻָ֮
֮Ϊ𾪣ٳʱ䲻һЩҴⲢ͸ȴǴСͽӴġ
ضԺʿ˵ǾǵĸȨµƵʱڣҵĹǳزԶĲƸ˵Ĺʶ
ЩŴضͨ޷еĿأؼͱһϷˡ
СũҲӵһСأ̫ʧȥԼأΪũ
кܶũΪӱͷ˰ΪūܴӻЩūûлġ˴еأдǶٶ֪
£ΪⲻǺʵʱҪԸľͲtĳ͢ӣиصĺǿ֮˵ǻΪάԼ棬㾡ȫ֧tǿ⡣
􏪵ͷͬ˵˵ûΪͳһٽб䷨ж󣿵طǿ᲻ӵγɸȨ
֮ЦԴҪһģһͳ֮󣬱ȫѧӡӽֶԼ˰ߣЩΪպõġһײ֪ر䷨ΪǺãǻĸԸЩǿȥ˵ǾֱӽǿƷˡ
Ц֮˵öԣ̫ˡȽҪìܣٽҪìܣȽⲿìܣڲìܡҪӵڲзֻ
֮ףЩٿʳ۸ˣΪץһǵɱӺ
ԣгΪɣץطҪĽԺǾͲˡ˵
֮Ĵָ
§֮ĸ첲ͷϣһ治װ
֮ˡ
ƽ洫
ŵøϽƽѾ˽һ۾Ϳ˸ոշֿˡ
ЩΣôˣƽ
ƽܹһ㿴Сҷ滹һ󹫼
􏪿Űƽɫ޲˿һֻеĴ󹫼ôеЦΪʲôǹ
ƽһ˵Ϊİʲôʱѧܸţţһȥѧ𣿡
ЦԴƽôϲѧţţǺܿҪˣѧڿѧʱȥɡ
ƽͷŶһóЩʧ
֮˵ƽѧվ͸һȥɡ
ƽ˷ʦãҿѧඣҪѧඡСһһ߽һ߳ȥѧǴˣر˷ܡ
􏪿ıӰ˵ȥѧɡ
֮˵Ǿȥɡ


127 
, ɽ̴ƺƵص˷خʱʮҴʱʮҡԲ˹̴Щͬһ̺, Ǽ̺, żɽ̴һġ
ڼɽ£ԽӼ˼λ˹ˡɽæ, ˫̸
ע˲˹дֵķʽ, Ȼǰ֣֡
ϸ룬ǰȥ˹ʱ⵱˵ϰߣҲûа֣ѵǰֻûֻǻӡûб˷֣еϸͲö֪ˡ
ⰢֻԼడԺǸӡغ, ֻ˵ɺϰɡ
􏪽Ӽ겨˹˺, Ϊǩͨ, ݡ뽻ݵȵؾ̡
Щ˹ˣǵ㼣鲼ŷǡңԶĶǣ棬Ǿȥ
ʱڣǾͨ½·ִԭԭ˽ƥϡ鱦Ȼȡ˿񡢴ͲҶȡ
֮, ԭңڲͬĺȨƵ, ˲˹ԭͨ, ·˿֮·жϡ
Сðյͨϵִԭ, ź˿֮·ȻҪ½صķմö࣬·ĺ٣Թٸдģó׵ġ
􏪴˾٣ʵǹصóףҲʾãҲ͢Ͳ˹һȥ˽ó
Ͼٸ벨˹ڷخĻʵǽ۲ƷĿϡŹ֣۸ҲۺòС
Թٸ忪􏪵ľʱ⵽˳вٴ󳼵ķԣ޷ʿụ̃Ϊĩ͢ôܹͽȥأʵ̫ˡ
ֱڳϴ̣λ˾ǵ۵£Ǿ˰ɣλ֪Լٺ»ǶٰɣһҪΪѧӷ֧ٺ»һҪѶӣǮ⿿ǵʳ㹻λ˿֪خһ˰ռΣٸóеǼΣ
һ㳯ף˵Щƿԡһգ˵ҪƲ̵ģǵٺ»ָء
̿Ц˺üأʱû˵ɴ˵üԣũȣ̲ûϲ㽨ûǮʲôɲ˵ġأǹ򱱷Ҫӡֻܴҵ
ٹ޷ɣǵı´ǷͳģԳУóǿˡ
ΪǲҪڷخУҲҪڹ㽻¸ؿҪȥҵȴͳжҪ
Щв׬ǮΪ鱨ռվΪδıս׼
ԺĲ˹˶뵽ó󣬻ԴͻԴԴˡ
ٸ벨˹ڳпóк󣬳ڹֵŮ׶˲٣Ҫȥ߱Ŀ׷Ĳ˹ˣҪȥЩԺϡŹֵ
ڹٸ벨˹˵óпãðһЩУһͦԣ˿񡢴ҶȣרžΪ˹׼ġ
􏪶ԴּɣֻʽƸŻӣΪ̼ƷĲͻоҵ
ߵ컨ĵʧˣҲԽԽ࣬خͷÿն̴ͣ
ԽԽڳס꣬خеķ۶סꡢⷿ򷿡
خڳֳһƬٵľ
Դ˵ĸΪ̣ڷخ˼ʷҲδʢ꣬ǽخڵı仯ʵ̫ˡ
ҲзգǽֵԵӵˣʱţᱻ֪ĶǳӶ·ϣЩװصǻֵ̫խˣ̫ˡ
ںһخǵ£خ̫Сˣϱ򲻹ҹ滮ҲԵ÷ǳңҪɱҲǳ
􏪾خǴӶٸչأ޽ٸԱլۡУó׵ݽл֣óСţСеȡ
ʣɴ˾ǹٸǮ޽÷ȥأֱǰչٸ滮ķʽ޽ǻģǮ·ɡ
˵ΪпأԼɡǵǮҪۡҪУֻ²á
􏪶˵ƹ滮¾ͽСˡ
丼˵ض߾ȫͿء
􏪰ڰ֣Ϊɡ
ⲻٶǿյأչһ㣬ءٸ棬й滮еĵƤȫǽ۸ߵã˵ص˸޷ӡ
ǵɹٸ滮޽޽š̫ѧԼֹۡ
Ȼ֪ڷخô滮ԷخֻкôûлٰеͨߣخóἫ䷱٣ģǳֻڵĹģе㲻ء
ؿʱйԱӦ޽һй
خһֱסڴʷ칫Ҳ޶֮ǰʷţסӦҪؽ³ˣŶ׼ؽΪβйأ
йٸýҲ􏪲ǲպǨȥخһйʲôʱסС
􏪾ܾˣţΪԱԭĳʷа칫һһӣִٵҪĳִڲüǳΣҪǨС
סڴʷͦʣֱϽûµĴʷûҪΪ´ʷڵطȵԺǨߣլӻԸĻشʷһεĹݴʷá
˵ˣ􏪻˷ǮϾйĹͨլۡǲһģûҪΪһס˼լ˷ôǮʡǮ²ͦõġοδҪǮĵطء
􏪾ܾй²֪ôʹ˳ڣ˵ʵ۾øԼһ¹׷׳ӣǸյĺûʵۡ


128 ѩ
³԰¿ʼ滮, 𶯹ƻ깤˻ħٶȣ􏪾ʱе㳤, Ͼֻƽ޷ӡ
뵱, ҲֻˣϾʲôֹ, κδ͹̶ֻܿʱȥĥ
һϾ, 􏪱ȥӲһ½ȣ˳㿴ûܹĽЧʵĵط
û뵽֮أ丣ûߴשľͷȽϡ
˻֣ȻʡָЧ􏪸Ͷأʲô, ֱܵɡ
􏪵ָ, ּԸĽ, Ū˸ʡõĻ顣ּӻ֣ӵһ̶ʱһЩʡ
ѽ⣬ȥ􏪡
˵̫໬ַӴ뻬֮
丵ͷžǹ̲ɡ
³ǽдƹ㿪ϣܹЧʣ̹ڡ
Щ㲻㣬һůĹݽЩ, ʮһº󣬾ʱдöδĺ֮С
, ȻͣЪϢҲڼҿ, Ϻ, Ϊݻûƹ޻ֲһСֵطռ޻
􏪸ս˰նӵ⣬Ͼӭ˴ůĿ顣ò˽δɴ޻ݣշްޱܱˮнܸһЩһЩ
Ҫڹݺͽȫռ޻ֲҼҶҪһЩ¸Ǳ⡣
鷿֨ѽһƿһɺ硣
µ̧ͷŴ׵֮Ͻк䲻䣿Ͻ𡣡˵ܺ¶Ѿӽˡ
֮߹̿Ͽ􏪿ЩֱԼ˫ס֣Ȼʮֱˡ
֮ĵů⣬¶ѸٳԼ֣û£ҿͺˡ
􏪱⿪ϵףѾþûиоôˣҪѩɡ
֮˵û׼ɣ􏪵Ƥ
ҡͷ䡣洩£Ƥůء֮׽ڵذϡ
ʿǶûްܿס𣿡ůͣ􏪸нʿ׼ıԵֵϺ
޷ʱ򣬾ǲͲˣ˾Ӫ￾𡣡
ǧҪͨ磬̿ж
ˡ
ʱֱˣ֣
˵ɡ
Žһţۣˡʼ˶ѩˣû뵽ݻѩ
Ͻ𡣡􏪿ʼѩˣ󲻴󣿡
ͦʼµģҳʱѾһˡû뵽خȻû¡ʼ˿޴ؿ
ô䣬ͣ𣿡е㵣Щڴ뿪ɽ޹ؿĽʿͷ²ǣȻǷ²Ҳˣܲܡ
ͣˣôѩôڡǻʾֵģؿ໹мͨˣҪڽͨ𣿡ʡ
􏪺֮һۣ˵Ŀǰ򱱱ߵ»ûǵ׼֣ûޱûҪֲ޻С
ʣǹؿ𣿡
֮˵ʱޣt߾衣ΪԴ֮ǰŴͨȽϺãɱ䲻⡣
􏪵ͷ֮ͬĹ۵㡣
ü·ˣЩ²ô죿
˵͵ɣʼ˿ڿѻֵأҪ޻Щˮʦ²ûްޱô䣬ôǵģ
˵ʲô취ǽܴĶϣٿ𰡣ϸǵݡûôƤõǣֲǵһ ô䣬ҲԼ䡣
һҲǣ㰲ܸʿ䷢Ƥ󲿷ʿӪ֮ǰҲûƤܹͨһӱŻŻ𿻰졣
Ŵ˿ԭģô࣬ܿ϶ʵ̫ˡ
ƹ޻ֲüޡ
ϣڴϣϯźĲݵӣϸĲ˿ǳů͡
һʼ̴Ҫ޻ӵģܾˣոǵıӶûУܻޱ
й¶浾ȡů޻͸һЩƶͥǶȹ
аٹ˵ʵ۶˯ݵ棬ĻҵޱƤëҲ׷׻˲ݵ棬ÿһٶһЩޱͶƤë
˯֮֮İƽ⼸䣬ƽǸһ˯ġ
䰡ҾҪѩ
֮첲ȥϣе˯Ҹůůƽȥ
˰ɣѰƽˡȻ̰֮ůĻǲðƽܶ
֮ɷ˵Ѿ˯İƽŵࣺ§㣬§š
һ̣􏪱㱻§һůĻ˫Ҳ֮ȼ䡣΢Цƽ§ڻǰů¯ϱů͡ҸĪڴˡ
ڶۣ֮ѾˣСů¯Ҳˣڱﹰȥû𴲣ŤͷˣСһˣ
ƽ硣һڡ
£ѩˡеڵļ
ѩˣ󲻴󣿡һӡУ㶫ߵɽĵǴѩģû뵽ˡ
С϶ˡҲƽһοѩر档
􏪸Ͻ·Ƥٸƽ£𴲳ſѩţ۵İףԺһ㱡ѩϵѩһЩȫˡ
ƽ˷ܵغۣöΣ
ЦˣɵӣΣѩ˷ܵߵԺȥڵɨһѩţѾǵжûѩˣϱӵļҲûѩӡ
ƽҲعѩʲôģ
Ծ֪ˡ˵
ƽȥץһЩģ棡
ʱǰԺ죬Ǽе֣ҲһȺδѩꡣƽ˳ȥǰߵԺѩ̣£˷ܵòУСһҲ˽ȥ
֮ͷеʪðǸ깦Ƕ
֮һѩߣһǳǳĽӡóǺϲģдҸôһԺѩǶԵġ
̧ͷ֮ѩˣ
֮߹ȥǰϲ𣿡
¶ı飺Ǻϲѩζ䣬˶ﰡ
֮̾Ϣǹı°Զȿ񣺡¸취ҽӵ⣬ûüµ⡣氾ȥֻɡ
􏪵ͷЩ飬ȷΪ춼ʱ䣺خѩˣñ߻ΣЩˮݶӵĺ˻вݸţ𣿡
֮üҪˡôһtҪʼӦˣϾ˼ˡ
ǰ˵ǺϢ԰˵ȴѡ̾ϢµʱȻǰ̫ˡ


129 ı
􏪲, ˿һɳԱɨ£ϯƬ½ϵδܶ
Ȼ붫ʮѵһѩ, 캮ضˮɱЩطĻѩһףţ򱻶, вⳡѩҲɥʧ
ԷΪĺشʧȻΪ, ţ˹룬Ÿո붬, δ֪ᷢʲô
޶Ȼ˸ǵڣǵļ, ʼůһЩϱǨ㡣
ѡʵĶΪĿĵ, ƽֵʱ, Ȼɺֱȥ̸УҪǳعȻ⵽Դǵľܾ
Ȼʵһʱһ֧, ں, Ȼȫϰԣ˴˶Ʋ, Ҳϰꡣ
ܾȻ·, ȻҪΪԼһ, Ȼɺʱֳǳء
Ȼ˾޶, ԭʼı뺷Ѫ, ҲΪս, ˶Ѿ, ѾʧȥһЩѪ, սϲȻˣܿ㶪ʧǳء
ʮСʵԪ¼æʹͣʾԸǳظȻ˹
ȻʵսգϼҴڵģûֱֻʵϳͬͣսǳа֡衱˺Щݡ
ִ˿̹գǰ궫ϻʵزԴļӾͿʼ̫֮λꡣ
ڰʵˣֵܼȴڱ˴ơĹУļȻˣλ㴫ûдڸеСԪ
սϳֵȣԪ׳ڻʹУû꣬δ׾Ľݸ
˿Ԫ°յ˵˾ΪβȻ˼ȥһǳأԶҲҪˡƤӵ£ͷҰǻָԪʱ˺ҧǡ
ĽݸҡͷȻ·ˣΪ˱ȫˣ᲻һиƴĿǰʵûоԵƣûҪŪܾ˵ľ棬ͷҰǣԺǣ֡
Ԫ³Ĭǲ뿪أ
Ľݸ˵ǻ뿪ģĲԭȻԼţȻΪҪˮݷïĴԭ
ĽݸҲ´ˣ֮Ȼ˲ûж뿪˼Ϊȥ궬ѩʧأھѩѾڻˮݣҲеˡ
ԪɳʹȥߴȻ뿪ȴ⵽Ȼ˵İҪôԶǳأҪôʮͷţӦһɱеĶˣеţ
Ԫµ֪òҪѪĽݸɳʹ߸Ȼ̸ʾԸȻ¹򰲹һƱֲܹȥ궬ܵʧ
Ȼ˹Ȼͬ飬붫ѪΪˣΪȻṩݲֻҪܴӰõ㹻ĲƸ黹ֵĳǳء
t׼һ괺ݣδϱͷһﶬ֮һڵ컨ߴ˽࣬ӣ֮һĽʿ컨
Ҳֱ֮죬ⳡ߲¶߶tϽļˮʦѵȡڶ˼涼ܽ
ıĺ˻¹ǣǿ˶Աߵķһȥˣһжƽ˾
Ǳ㿪ʼ׼ݣսپ쫷Ƶļ֮ǰͽս
δȻȴ˺Ѿиı߷ֱ룬һ·ɱӣֱɱ˳ϣ뽨ҵԡ
t˵ˮʦнϣȻš
Ȼ˲ɽtҪ󰲹ÿʹʮƥҶʮԸ⳷
tÿֳʹѾΪ˳͢ĳظԶߵȻҲҪһţʵϴӦȻ̸Уȴڵǲ˾ݵıǰΧȻˡ
Ȼ˲úŪ̸ʱԣǾһߵȣһڰĵɱӣ޶
tסѹɿڣЩȴǶסˣ԰סǵˣеĸǱأǿtϽӦȻ˵Ҫ
tǲӦȻ˵ҪtεĹԱ󳼶tӦ
tĵĻԮԮȻ˴һ̣ͬݵȻȫһȻ˿вһ㣬һ棬ɾݱֻòֻӴܡ
tģʼȻ̸У̸ĽȻ֮ǰҪ̣ԭʶȤȻɱǰǡ
ڷخЩϢʱȫ˲tһУͻҪԵġ
Ǽͷ̰ĲǣԶҲģǽϷĺȨ˷ͷҰ޶ҧһڡ
ҪԸߵĺȨҪǿϲĺõطûû㹻ĳѵ
˵˵ǹtʱ򣬶ֻ᲻ɱ£
֮ĬţǼпܵģǿܻûtԱؾѾռˣϾǴѰѾá
˵ǰ붫ֽˣǲҪǵս
􏪿ЦսǼֳʹңʲôǣƶֲС
֮˵ǾֻȻȻȥǣƶ֡һֳϽȻɳû£ռ춫ֵĵ̡
ףҲʧΪһ취ؼ˭ȥ˵Ȼأ
˵һ취֮սǻ˲ǣǱɳô˻һٽt¡
˵ȥѼ鱨Ѱҿɳ֮
ûгΪϣϱߵĺȨҪϼֱ̫ˣ̫ս˳ᢣȨʰ÷
ȻһжǽڴĻϵģе϶ǽʵ֮ϵġ
֮ЦԭΪͨؿֱӹ뽭ݣtָտɴˣڷֻԶԶtֻսĿʼ
􏪵ͷоϲսЩȴòҪϣֻƾʵ˵ԷԲֳʹң̫ϣҲ˺һΰĹңҡβġ
γôУĻô٣Ϊű˳ЦΪڱȨӲдػ
;ͿʼݣռݽݣԴΪݵ㣬tоսڿƻǲô˳ˣΪһսʱtԻὫеľӶԿ
Ǿ͵ڸȫſ˿ӡҲʤtµĵҲǳһҪɽ÷ǳѡɲ˷ֽΣҪġ
¶úóﻮС


130 ը|ҩ
ȥ꺮, 􏪾˽޻Ӵ˵ݺͽݣٷַ뽻ݸأȻɵطٸַ, Ҹ֪޻ֲ취
޻ӷŵʱոպãϰվȥĺ뺢Ӷûȥ
ʱ˵޻ȡů, ܹӺްܸ˿һ֯ɲ, ֲĻԱˡ
Կϵ洦ɼ޻硣Ƕ޻ϵñʳҪϸ, Ͼϵһ˶᲻ᰤ
ʢģڵȵ޻ԭǴ˵е޻, ȥ궬ѩһ, Ҳľ޵һ, ôӯ
㽻ľޣǳʱ򣬵ȥʰ, ľ, ժ䲻㣬ռڼҼҶֲ޻, Ҳõȱٱˡ
޻ӷַȥʱ, 􏪾͸´, ҪǾ췢޻, Ϊ޻ѡ
临µĹԱµʱ, ˺ܶ취, ˺ܶ, Ƴһҡʽ޻
ԭľһ, ҡһһ˵ĳִһת޻Žȥܽѹ˳
􏪿ֹ޻ʮοֱӽ޻Ҳõʹͣе˹٣еĻͽ
ֻҪֹ޻ƹ㿪Уټһľ޻Щľ켼ȥ
ȡ֮ȫڹ㽻ƹ޻ǿܸϲʹ޻Ժˡ
޻ķ˹ٸıЧʣٸıҪΪнʿЬӡ
ǵ¥˹ݽȳŮӣЩŮһֻ˼ңСּˣһֽţǴ󲿷ֶ˹ˣͶԼ
ӵȺǺٱɣٸΪѰõ·õġ
Ҷͬıˣһ𣬿˫ԼҲΪ˹סʵ۱¶οʹǣʵļֵ
ٸͳһʳޣÿյǼ顢ޡɴ֯Ϊнʿƾ¡Ьֶޱÿ»Ǯ
ʵ۱»׿ڳŵˣٸḺǵԺϣ㶼͵¶԰УɹٸΪϡ
͸Ůǳ˶裬ֻܺúûţĹٸϡ
ŮǶԴŲɣΪûĸٸػգΪʵǳຣıļգΪֶ
Уʵ۱¾ǽຣĻ
ŮôΪϵİնڵĹٸ⣬˰ѧֶӽ߲֡ӡѡˮ·һǹٸΪʵٸǵʳסС
һЩϡĳ˵˵ûмûõĹٸǸ˰ӵĻʵۣʵۺ͹ٸӵǻӵ˭
Խٸٴļʱ򣬱ʮӻԾŹٸõƾյģǽʿѪģҪʿӢȥػ
һǧʿйһģһǧ
㽻ԭı򣬲뱱߳͢⣬ԱҪ׳ӡδ֣ץʱ
ȻսûдҲûţͳսһҲû
ǻ𡷱ֽͨԴԴϵ͵أö˽ϱߵ¶̬˽􏪴˼룬ǱĬñߵĶ˼롣
˶ˣײڵͳսҲܷɳ˴˵ɣǵ㼣鲼˱أײİϱߵϢ
ͷũ֪ˣϱѾ˸߲ӽÿĶܶռʮϰٽﵾȣϱߵİնѽ˷컨磬֮һӶٵ컨ϱ߻ȡͷ˰︳Ҳˣϱ߻˺öѧӣ˼ҵĺӶѧ
Щñߵĵײ޲ĽʲôʱֵֺܹǰϱߵĻʵɣϲŭ޳ֻ֪˰Ļʵ۸̨
֪ϸĴΪǽͳһȫպ󹥴tʱں̶ܴϵõͨյ֧֡
Щֽ˵˲ڰڴͬҲ˶־ڡ
ڰڴЩҪڣڶĿŵشϾԶߵ􏪳͢Զ˵ңԶģֵͳ߲δ􏪵ɵˣҲûҪ
ֵͳȻŬȻδʶ˼صҪԡ
􏪴ڱ㿪ʼָţʱ죬ʱܵõغ˵֧֡
􏪴ӽԱĶѧһƤë֯ԲԱũΧе֪ģҲһЩ
հ􏪴Ӷ๤˳ǣҡҡλλظ
ӾŵĴԿһƬ͵ľһȺϹӵϷһλĸҪ棬ȴĸҪؼңһҲſڵ𡭡
ؿǰһУ¶ˣǸöá
ͻȻֻ顱һ죬ԭ·ŵ˻æסܡ
æʣʲôˣ
˵£ƺǴǱߴġ
æ˵Ͻȥ
ǸϵʱѾŻˣæҵ
ߵĻϽȥȻԼҲӳԺӣֻһڵ˼سʧ壬ţҵıҵղأ
ǱţֻѾȥˡ
ʣոշʲô£𣿡
˿ǰĹԱ綼ûؼˣֻһЩڣ˵ľ￴ŵĲۣʶ􏪣˵ը¯ˡ
Ǹڵ£û飡ݡ£
ٲһԭɾǱ£ϽС˼£
ɡ􏪶ûϳ˾Ǹ²ĵʿ£û˰ɣ
²Ͻͷ˿Լϣŷ·մ˺üڿӻõģϻмˣر£޴󰭡
ѾˣϽȥ򡣡
²ȴޣУҶءҺòײģ𶼸չˣҵȥ
ڻƺܿͱ²Ͻܽȥһըĺöණըûˣᶼˡ
ҲŽȥˣһ뱻յڣһûյĵط˼ӣϷƿƿ޹ޣһЩڵϣˤĹװĶɫģƶ²ռĿʡ
􏪶ԹڵϼƷ²˵£ûд󰭾ѾˣϽȥҪһظ˼ơ
²뽫Ķȴûжװܶණըûˣֻգֲ̧᣺л£
􏪽²ظУ˼ơ
˼ڸһרŵҩҩġҩнհƺõҩ࣬˸²á
²ڸгԷʱ²ʲô飿
²˵ʯͬͲУȻڻ˿ըˡ
һʱը|ҩ䷽ҪըԼ
˵£ԺҪ飬ԼԶһ㣬һ˵ԼǺã
ԶˣͿ仯ȫˡ²ȫûȰ


131 
²ôŪը|ҩ䷽, ǳ⣬²ʲô
²˵ըɽʯʱɽϲɿϣͳɽʯУŪҪ, ӦþͱȽϷˡ
ף⵹ʧΪһð취, ⶫ̫ȫ, ըɽʯǷʯ˵ġ̫, ɥ
²˵Լǣ취Ӱȫԡ
ʾûа취Զ, 㹻ʱܣ
취һԡ
û뵽ը|ҩôͱˣ㲻̣ҲǷǳõ, Ʃ·, ܽԼܶ
, ²ȥˡ􏪻ص鷿, ֮˹£ΪŪǸúøĽһ£ȫõսȥ
􏪲ؿ̣뷨
֮˵˵Ǹʯըʯͷ, ˣǲһһĵˡ
􏪾񣬵ͷϵǿ, ʵʲС˵, û, Ըڷ
֮˵, Ƚ, ܽ⡣ǸtͶֶԿͶˡ
ͻȻ̾˿ʵҺìܡ
֮ʣôˣ
􏪿˿⣬˵°ɡ
￴һۣ㽫ŹˣԶһЩ
˵˽շ˵İ׳Ϊը|ҩƱҲ·󣬵õĵط֪ʲô𣿾Ǵ̡ɱ˾ͻɱ
֮˵㲻뽫̣
̾Ϣìܵĵطը|ҩȻԼҷԵзһɱһԵȵɱ
֮˵սͲƾеĽǵʱɱ޴ƽաǴῼǷԵȡ
̧ͷ˵˵Ķԣ̫뻯ˡսͲƽȵģɱֹɱҲѵѡ񡣵ɡ
Ҳը|ҩӦܼսĽһֲ˵ҲǼԱ
ͨһ㣬ܶˣͷը|ҩ͸׼ˡ
ţҲץʱˡ֮˵
̫괺죬ͨ뱱һɽʯ̮
һɴ򱱣͵ش롣뱱İܵţΪǳʲô񼣣׷׳췢ķĤݡ
ɽһԭ·֪ʲôʱɽѾͨˣԳһͨ
ܿ죬ըʯƿˡ뱱ɽ룺ԺȥϾͷˣ˵кù֣֯޻ǲҲȥŪ֣
պ뱱İշָոͨĴͨһȺƺƵľӣͷὫŸͷӢˬֱ뱱
뱱İǾ㵣Ҫˣ̶ڴҲ˵ϵĻʵҪǸˣ̫ˣϣ㽫ǸƷ
ϽΧǳԶֱڽݷΧɽ٣ʶҲ࣬ڰأפ١
˴룬֮ûʲôԼٵıһٹ˽ѱߵϿ
ϣϿãһ֧˵Ķ鳯ݽ
֮µϣݸݸڵԥ¿׽˽ݴʷ
ͬʱʱִݸڵسɳڳɳܵ˳ɳʷ۵Χ׷½أһ򾫱ǰֻǧפĳɳɱۣ˵׷ɱ֮
ݱ􏪺ܿͰŴӸĹϣȥӹܽݣȥ޻ӽ֡ʱֵȥÿ죬ܸصĴ
ݱһƽԭҰǧӪúãΪ֡
tһֱϱߵľӴӽɱڽԱݵοפرأδ􏪾ȻԴֱӴֱͨͨĸء
һʱЩң֪֮ܿ̽󣬸Ͻ뾣ݵȵصľݼϡ
ͬʱˮʦӽҵ£ֱخ׼һΧκԡ
خڣ鷿Уһܱ˵tˮʦɱˡ
üãءǽ齭Ǿ͹Ŵ򹷡
һطخ͹ɽ¿ط²ĽʿɳеľӡҲһʿԽĶ˳
ĽݱݳûңΪݵشƫԶҵݵĿΪ㣬һϢӱ޶Ҫࡣɽ٣ݡ
뽻ݵĽʿɹɽͳ죬׼ںսٺ߾ںϣͬʱˮ½ѵġ
خפһǧʿͳ죬׼Կˮʦ
˵ܱˮʦӦò٣֮ϡ
޷ԽಢԽ齭ֻôκӵҲôֻסˣͷҲСˣϰ̫㣬·ֱɽˣҲһʱڵĳ֮ս˵ʷϻ·خ֮սⳡΰսء˼Ц
˵ǾͰλˡ
̾ϢҪ㹻ıԴӽֱɱΣֱҵǣŵtƨ
ЦϽܹŶңѾʮˡ԰˵ѾǸصĸ
ǰ˿ڲʳ޻ðնӡܽ˵
ЦˣҲԶˮⲻ˽ʣһӳսҪʮء
Ժ󻹻ϣ籱ߵĶ֡Ǻֹۡ
˵Цˣ֮ĿǰڽݵȴͣΪtɶǰ
üͷ̫ȷӺݴʷѦȣӦòӦtĺǰҪ֣Ҳֻܵ򡣾ݵûʲô֮ǣǱפصӦûȫǰԥҲҪ֣֪᲻ݿ϶ᶯˣһ̫ԶҪΪҵǵסµĶˣټ϶ݳݵı֪᲻عƣݡ
ķ̲ס̾ϢҸо̫֮ˣֵܵסı𣿡
˵²صģὫǰѾԤϵˡ˵ǻɱء
뵽ǵɱﵣ˵治ϣõԼͬȥԸ˵ﻹࡣ
˵û취ǳʱ̣ͲÿôˣʤҪġ
սһ֪ԼȥЩˣһǲܰܡǰˣtûȫĨɱԼѪΪУеĻ־ͬ߶Ϊt¹㽻ݵİҲܾ
Ӹɵó£Ųῼʲôͬ


132 
̫, ݾ˴£ֱݣȴ˸գɳŽ, ܲӭսȻ, ѾѾ, ȥˡ
ǼõĹݵĻᣬݾ֪ڳɳ̫, ˿ڽݵѾ󲿼пܾʹӽ˳£ֱ˽ҵˡ
ԾݾϽӳɳ, ˳£ͥٽ۶, 붫ݵ۶ϻϡ
ֻ, ֱ֮ӶԿ, ϰ, ŵԮ
˿̣һѾϵԥ¿֮ˡ
ݾ붫ݾ۶֮, ظӽϣԥ³ϰ׼ڵĹݾš
˫, ս˵, ݾʵҪȱܶ, Ϊһֱ϶ھŸָССս
ݾҲֻݡݡخһȽϴս, ټϱ֮ڽݺݴ˼ģս
ݾҲ, ˿ҪǴӱǨԭΪӵİȥǶΪλ۾ӣͬĴ֮ΪȡԴᷢģеǳе¡
Թ䣬жͿʼϰ䣬սǳǿҲη
ֹ֮᳹˼ͷǳϸ һ֧м˼ľӣ֪Ǵ̲Ϊ˻ʵ۶սΪԼԼ˶սΪǵս
˧֮սʿ䣬عŽʿǵ
һ㲻ɺӵƣǹݾװҪȰĺáõĸҲḻ⼸һֱڽܹĵס
􏪽Ӻ׬ǮҪϣսʱƾ͹Գˡ
ҲûװÿҲдľ֧͢ӷײ̰ɷ磬沦ʮӣһʿжǺõģֱӵ͵ϡ
Ǿ֣ʿͱףʿͱƤס
֮ûʱ䣬оֻһǱӭСΪ֪ϵԽãоԮԽ࣬ƣҪƲС
ûȶԷǣҲǽһ
û괬ݾͳ´ʿ仹û׼ã⵽ʹ
첻òͣĴֻԹڻʮһطϰԼгʱϰ
ôһǰȫ½ˡǴ½ϸϵԥ³ʱ򣬲ʱĽʿѾʼԳƣ̬ȴ˳ԱϾĹݾ
˫ͿʼɱӭӰıǴԶ˻û͵ˡ
ҲСȻҲڹڱûü׼ͱԷɱ˸ֲ
ȷһȣŽʿǳһˡ磬˵
һΣΪ˧֮ûʿ䣬ȫͳ˧սҪָӣİΣ¹ܷ˳ɡ
ӧȷ棬ΪζϵоݾһΣھݾ־˫ؼл²ܣһΣһҪһѩǰܣΪȥ˱
ݾȻ̾Ƿḻųţ»䣬һ̴ǻ찵ء
һֱ򵽿ڣڵֵסʼӡݽʿǻʤ׷֮ѾձʼսĪ׷ԷԷ
һ̼ǧˣмǧ˲̶ͬȵˡӵİǧʬ壬²ǧ˱˵ֻȹݾ࣬˵ĸ󲿶ӳˡ
ν棬ݾʤ
ҹ֮β氲ĳ˿ԥ³ʮɽӪ
֮˵ɽеĵΣһƣһԸһ
ҹ˾֮һİ뼫ȵ֮Уҹ۾еͻȻҹӰǵĺϰһֵʱȥ
֮ں˯İͻȻ죬˱˹ΪǴˣûУҪ˯ȥͻȻҽУ˴󺰣ɽˣ
һû˯ˣ˶ˡʱ˼죬ɽʯ˴˵ǲ췢ŭˣҪͷǣ
͹еˮȺʼصĲ̤¹ʡ
һ·ҵһʯɽɽаӪկΪѹʯɽʯͷûɢҵʯ飬ѾҹӸߴʯͷ͵Ϯû뵽Ե޹ʵģúõʯɽȻҹըˣⲻǼѵ췢ŭˣ
ܶʿ䶼ү
ȻûеըһҲðϰ˵Ҫ˾ģɥʧ˶־
˧Ҳδ˵ֱԾҲ֢ڣ㵱Ӫˡ
ò˵ƽ̹֮־ۣʹ˵ؾ˯
˯ûãںеϮ
ţܼͽŲݾš尡˷Χ
ʱɫѾ΢Ѿîʱʱ·Ĺݾϵ˰פص㣬ʼ
ٰʿ仹Ժ״̬Լ֪ĶȥˣӦԣ˾Ѿɱǰˡ
ǰߵĹݽʿͶɱ
ٻûüİȻ˫Ͷ
ⳡսʱʼʱѽǧͻΧӵİ߽Ա߻Ͷˡ
Ҫ컹ˣǲӦٸϮ
밲״ģͻȫʤɻ˼ʮͣڸӽеսЩܵİµģΪӻȥ̫٣ǸʹеĴ
Цѩ̿ǾͿֱɱҵˡ
֮ûҵҵҲפأҽҵǹһʱҲϵݵԮ
˵ף̫ˡոշ²򰲹ҪһȫɹɣȻǴǶѧ˼˵
ڵִԥ³ʱˮʦҲպý齭һ·裬һҴҲûУСûУеİնĿ֧ӴĴӡ
쵽خʱڳ˴ֻĴ涼ˣȻǹݾΪӦµľֹ֣ǵĴֻ
ȻⲢֹǵ½ǽϰսţȻ󿿺ӰͣȻûͷô㣬Ҳ´ݵĴůͣˮҲõܺ
ϰ֮ʣ԰ͻȻĻԭǲ԰ĹݾôģĿΪջٰĴֻ
ˮʦʶ⵽˷û´Ѹٽ𡣵ġڲϵطеĴѾ̫û
ʾ˧ҪҪȥ԰ɱЩˣ
˧ֹ̧أǱضնΪ˷ɢǣԭƻϰΧخǣŴ˵ϵȴ
ǵȴ󲿷ְˮʦ˴֮󣬴ٽֻͷʱķ˻ȥʮӭβ뽻ˮʦɽˮʦء


133 ²
ˮʦϽʿʹ, ԹɽǲѴ֮еİս²˴ϵĴʿ䡣
ɽϲط֣ЩֻϾȻдʳ, Ҳ˵, ˮʦûдʳϰ, ҪȴЩֻʱв
ԭƻ, Ҫڴϴһʱ, ȴˮʦĲȶԷĲȱİˮʦоս
û뵽ⰲˮʦ˧ȻԴ, ȫûпǹҲˮʦ
Ǹ, Լܹʱսپأ
tòΪǱ½ɵȥ˰ɡ
ʱˮʦѾخΧˡ
ڳнӵ˹ɽŸ봫Ϣ, ̲סЦtȫһäĿ, ѵ֮ǰԵĿΪϴʧֻ⣿
ˮʦһûȥ, tƾʲôôأ
ܺż֮Ҳ𾪵ţˮʦ˧֪˭, Ҳ̫д˰ɡȻ, ǱȶǼ, ûȥ򡣵дùɽͷߵĴֻȫĳߣ߾һѻ˰ɣǲܸá
һΣǰ׼, خΧʮİնɢˣڵİԸߵҲɢ, սʳҲˡ
ˮʦֻܳҰҲҶˡãݴŨ, ҶҰݶѿ, һʱ
պ, ˮʦ˧¬˧иλôǣ﷿Уξ¬üûæأҪôȻ㱨
Ƭ̺˵һ䣬ʱ¶𾪵ı飺
УξڵϣԼĴֻûʳͲˡ
ʲôôصΪϵڲ¬ɶվ
УξɪɪĩΪǵˣһ绹СȥңںҲûпǵĴ
˵ǵĴƾʧˣ¬ʡ
Уξҡͷĩ֪ĵȷȷûҵ
ǿпֻ
洬Ҳ˴˵û
¬һƨΪڲ˵һ㱨ˣʧְҡģϳȥնˣ
Уξŵɫĩԩ
ʵĽ죬һΪ﷿УξģҵѱŵˣǲŵخոսΧϣԼȻͱҪô
¬ɺΪУξϳȥ֮˵ǵĴˣǱѾˡҴˣǻһ֧Сˮʦ顣
Ľ׷׸̣ⲻǷϻ𣿹ݱˮʦȻ࣬㽻ݼҲˡǾȻ˰һ
һʣǽΰ죿Ҫ跨ϵϲУѾˮʦٶˡ
һ˵ҼǵǰոյʱԼνд󴬣ȥȻȥӲܼȥ
ĩ˵Ĵңûʳһ˵
¬˵УͰնλ˵İ죬Ͻȥᴬ¾Ͱжˡ
ܿ죬ᴬĽˣ£ͷʧˣЩһСյˡεĴҲˣҲӦѾˣεĴ󴬿ˡ
¬ǿסŭǾͼȥң
죺ѾûСˡ
Ͳȥң¬ɱ˵
֪ŭѾʧرأϽȥˡ
һʱȥĽҲˣʳǳ٣ĴׯҲˣ˶ˣҼҼҶûдҲһˡ
¬һ߷˼һжԤıʶԼ􏪵Ȧ֮С
¬˵ϽΧѰҾͲţΧе˶ߡ
Ľԥһ£ھȥ𣿡
ȻڣѾкܶûϷˣ㻹ϵϣ¬ɲҪԷ뵽ϣǿסˡ
ĩ
λĽʿ壬ںũϣȻ֧Ҳġ
˧һƬڣֲãģԵøˣĸڸΰ죿
˵¬˵ˣҹȥʳϼ֧ѣһǧʿȥ
һ˳Ӫأ˵δ÷ء
бۿѵԹˣ
ЦҡͷûСȥ﷿ˣѾûзˣнһûϷ¬湻ƫĵģǳȥɻԷ
˿̸мֶܹӵĿ࣬һҲʮίⶼ¬ָӲûи·
˼ƸۣҲǳԱ˶Ӳſɶ԰ɡ˵
еڣԼͲõǸͷʲôʳʳԱµıԼˡ
Ƕһȫ죬ƾͷļѣŵ·ǰߣҲ֪ĶߣͷӬһ㡣
˺üҴӣһҵһͷһȺûĽʿϽɱˡ
ͷҲǵùҵʱ˸ָӣճˣû׷ϣֻգϼСʳ뿪ˡ
ͷڴתƣԼҰ˳ԣҲͦϾ˰ˮʦǵв͡
һȺΧ׷½أͷץסɱëȻһѴʼԡ
͵̵죬Ҳɢ˵ζҶֱ̿ˮţһܷ϶⡣
һͷжٽһǧÿҲֶֻܷٵÿҲʲôûеǿ
ˡԳˡڷˡ
˶վ۰Ͱ͵سмĿȫ
ӴҳĲ˵׼еһͻȻ˴һǱΧˣеɱ
Ⱥոջڶζڴеİˮʦɵۣʲôʱ˰Χ˶֪
ǻͷȥһȺѾŹ׼ǣҪԼߵĻࡣ
忴һ۵ǰľƣŤͷȥýƻûһڵĿ򴽣Ȼƽʱǲмģ˿̣ȴζʳ˵ԸͶϣҲǳһڰɡ
ͷĹɽ̲סЦ˵
˵ɽ壬Ժũϡ
ɽ֪ũϵģû뵽ץ㣬㱧ȭʧʧȻȥɣ⣬еǡ
Ȼˣɴݲȣʧȣװ˵µĵֶûԷҪΪ׼һ
ɽû뵽ȻԼּۻۣ˵ǲŰȥȻзԡ
ǹɽûѴֻ֮˵һȺˮʦԣʱǰȻһһ䣬ץô²仹һҴĴƷ佫Ǹջ
ϵȻҲԵ޹ͶģǳǰﳤˣƲԣͶⲻϵˣϵˡ
ݾʱȫңҲս⣬һҲ¬ɵָеǳ·Ĵ򷨣Ӯ˲Ź֡


134 
ɽ²ԼפĴ, ˳㽫ͷҲ˻ȥ
ȫʱˣһҲûУûŶ, Ҷ˸ɵ˯ڰռºǰյϡ
², Ҳû壬ĬĬؿۡ
ɽ﷿Щָ࣬ǳ˰ɡУξǺĸҵ, ͷȴȥ˭, Ǯˡ
ǣУξ
һԵ循ȵؿŹɽ񵽵ҲҪ⣿
ɽɵһҵӺ͵, ǲҲ
ӣû˵
ˮʦ²ÿ˶һ࣬಻, ҲûϡճӰӣɽ˼, ǳԱ˸ƻ, ȻѾͶˡ
ûζ, ˵͸ǳ
ɽƳһۣҪŪԼ, Ƿ², ûû, Ե, Ѿ御
Ͷǻʵ۵ġ˵
ɽЦˣԣǱץˡ
˵ҿṩǾ鱨
㲻ṩҲûʲô, 鱨ȱɽ˵
忴, , ޻˵
΢΢, ʿǱ㶼ˣҰͬöûǿٽϵĵȫѸɶ⣬֮ǰӣһ㽫ԺӴɨøɸɾ·ûһ
鷳ðһһߣƶľ档
һʼҶ⣬ʱһˣһ൱Ϊ١ΪߵİնЦӭǶԶԶġ
ʵ۱˵԰յĶ飬ΪշĶ顣
һ£ļһȺǶؾأңǿǿȡᡢ͵Űոܼ£ıϲء
뿪ʱȻ˺ܶ࣬ҶĶ飬С·߹ûһ˼̤յũء
˵ϰΪ£忴þޱȣɽ֣ؽαз
ɽ˵ҿɲҾӹҼұµĹ͡
ʣұǸʲôˣ
ߵһ􏪳˺棬ǸʲôĻʵۣܴ졶ǻ𡷱ԸÿԵķʽιԱԣǸӽ籨˵߲Ļǿ츣£ЩǷһܹġ
ɽ˵Ҽұ¾ǻɣҲ󲻳ˣǵĻʵ۸Ь䡣
岻֪ôӻΪɽ϶äĿݡ
˽ߣ忴ԼҵսǵĴȻݾˡ
˴԰ȥЩ²͵һӪؽн
˵ԼҲҪܸǳԸЦһҪܽ𣿸οǺЩһ𣡡
ɽ⻰ͲˣôǲǷ²²иߵ͹֣֮
ҳʿ壬ᲢۣȻˡ
ɽ˵˼룬Ҫн졣˶ƽȵģǵģְֻзֹͬûй֮֡
˵ǺԹʥԣеȣвƶؽгҲҪҸٳ
ɽб𣿿ѧǡֺ
˵ǷĻ뻰
ɽǺЦã㲻Ҹٳκĵۡ㲻Ҹٳ
屻ƿԣͤôҲ島Ϲϵ˵Ҹٳ
ɽЦΪȵߣȻҪΪԼ泶һͨ˵ñ˶ϷԼ档ͺñǵľƷһ㣬žһƽͨԸṵ̄Щ
壺
ɽ˵úýܽɡʲôʱˣʲôʱǳ
ʣʲôʱܼұ£
ɽͷҲص˵ҪҼұ¼㡣
ʮֲʣúũϣ͢Ʒ佫ȻҪһȺͼʿһķһĻһĿΣһ˼ѧ˸ϿΣԼ
ɽЩӵܵķ߿²ӪĹܽԻŷ
Щ²ºֶɴ԰ȥˡǱפоĿǰȱʳڸҲʳǱضǨŭգŻշӣſΧҲܻӿ칥Ǽƻöˡ
ڳյɽŸ봫ţŵݸɽץǧĵоӵƷɽԳƺũϣͶ֮⡣ô
ǺЦһӱЩҴѾʼ·ˡ
ףʾͬǲǾãһʵۣǲκӰ죿
˵Ի롣Ժĩĸ˥Ӱ쵽Ҵĵλ棬ʼնǳ͢мǳվӡԶûлģýֻ㰵ȳ²ˡ
ҡͷ룬᲻ֱӳ֮ꡣ
˵ҴǽͷݣǵǷ棬󵹸ϡ档Ǻ£Ҳǻ£½һ޴̯Ҫʰ
􏪿ЦԺ󻹵öǡҪһͳ£˰β󲻵Ҵ׵谭ڿʼݳ֦ľʿҪ̬ȡɲЩƽժȥ
˵ǾͽҰɣҲµˣصعһܡ
􏪸мؿʱҪˡ
Ц˵ҵǾ÷ǳ˼սԡҪЩҴûͦ˵ġ
˵Ҫ֣طĹԱ㿴˭ʣֻɡ
áǽڱǨ֮ǰԺ󱱱ЩɳõãõľͶػɡ
Ҳô㡣
ʣɽ˵İˮʦ˧¬ɣ¿˽ˣ
룺˳¬ϣھʱˮʦ˧֮ϤһЩˮʦһٴ̣սҲ࣬ҲΪˣĵλЩΣЩ佫ǿȥģΨǿż屳ȥġ
ЦҲѹֻôд󣬾Ȼ
Ц˵ǻƵ⣬ںӶ԰˴󡣻̫ͣϸ¿ǣֻ˾
̾Ҫ䲻⹥䲻Ǳ٣ȻҪ˺͵ơ˵
􏪺ܸлԼһʱ嶯ⶼ൱Լľʦˣ̵ľʦ׬Ǯֻƣ˲Ǵŵҡ
յöŵ㣬¬ɿҪˡ˵
Ȼ֪ûʳ϶УֻҪˣǾзˡһó⶯ýʿǴ˵
γرϴζһ࣬滹ԮڰҲ˲٣ĵҪ̤ʵ١
ֻǲ֪ܱߵİնˣЩԶһûأоԶһЩҵ֪ܲƽӳȥ
һ􏪺͹ɽǵˮʦȻԶһĵطȥʳ
ΪϴɳȥһǧûĿ¬ҪÿγȥʳĶ鲻õǧˡ
ڶǻǳ˿Ϊȴǵһ֧˵Ķ顣
ǵڶҲûջ񣬾ӻ˵ڳʮⷢ˵Ĵ䡣
ˣζھص¬ץס˾ݣ˸ɳһ֧˵Ķȥ


135 
ˮʦһж, мӵз􏪺͹ɽͶˡɽϣ, ɢռоԵơ
ɽʽʿϵʱ, ˮʦѾʳˡЩ˽֮, 絽Լңе˷Ͱ˰, еץѼ, еĸţܳԵģͨͨŹ
һȺå, ̬ٳĻаʦӡ
ЩǰյģԶԶڵĶ, ׷׷Яɽб, ˼, һжˡ
ݾ棬һ, ƽʱǰյĶ, ҪĿľΪ˱, Ŀðյ, ʱѪӿͷ, ҪȺǿϳǵļ԰
һ̹ݾʿ, ԽսԽ, ˺üٵİˮʦǶ֣һߴһӣʳ󶪵õǡ
Ϊ˷ֹӻȥţǲ˰ʽսԣɽָǳԸеͶģɱ⣡
ʱһ̾ͽˣˮʦǧˣ󲿷ֱܶ˶еģΪʵû̡ҹݾǲɱ׵ĶͶԿڱأʵ۶˭һ
̣ɽͻٳˡЩ˵̫òȥ¬ɾҪˣδܹԵ
ص԰ɽд􏪻㱨飬ںŸ뽫ͳ
ˮʦһھѾע⵽ˣ֪ǳȥˡ
ǹŰգԺأȴԼšȻһֱȵڣû˵ˮʦĵûθڳԡ
Ȱ£㻹÷ɣˣҲŸӦж
􏪿棿
򴽣˵ŸǸ˼ܵˣһϲ˵Ӧþյűˡ
ȻΪˣǹؽ°ɡε˳Ŀ˰֪ûȫ֮ߡ
һԵҲ˵£ŵ³ȽӲðض൱İգһϢ
􏪵ͷãȹؽϢɡ
Ȼҹ䣬˺Ϣ£йؽš
һϲüң˷ܵӣɽɵƯտգ
һͬϢʣǹɽо֣Ӯˣ
Цúϲ£죺ǣߵнǧ˵ǧ࣬߶ˣӶ԰ȥˡȥһĵˣڵıࡣ
صͷؽȻ£ı˴󹦡Ϊ¬ɾͻˣϲˡ
ȥǿʿǶ
ʣҪ֪ͨؽ𣿡
ҡͷΪʱأǻǿԼһġؽĲڽ̫ۣսϢһ
ּȥŷˡ
ҹˮʦȻ˹ս
سǵѹʵǱȽϴģΪǵҪϱţǽûгŵģԳǽȱȽխҲΪ
»ûкܶڽķӣ˲שʯ͸ṩСı
˵֮󣬹Ȼҹɫڻʼڳǽ¶שʯȰسǵ˷֮שʯѾ߸ߡ
ǽϲòǿ˷ҹҲһжͿʼżķطʽʹʱ˶שͷ
ǵ˷ȱ֮󣬱ӿ˶ʯͷĽ࣬ǰգҲðΣשͷǽϵõİ취ɱϰשͷĵо
ЩоȻǣϼǿðȥשͷ
􏪵֪һϢʱ򣬰ңҿøĴˣץ˹ݰשͷҪһͿˡ
ʿ֪мͷ׼ǣȴòðשͷשͷȻߵļͷǻҪϼĵ
ͷϵؾѧ˵ڳͷȰЩשͷʿɴͶ벻вǵ˵˾ȥУҲŶӸɻ˻Ǹ
¬ɲϷˮʦڲ»вҪ󵹸ˣðȥשͷ㣬Ҫӣֱûǵ˿
ЩʿѪ˽һɸߵשʯ⣬ɶߵĳǽжξ룬Ѿвڵİȫˡ
ʵ¬ɲҲܿҪˡΪȥ¬ȫʬ彫שʯ
ǵо֪ˡʼǡ
ֻڶһשʯ⣬Ҳܴһöǽѹ᲻٣ֻҪרעϱŵķؼɡ
ָ£һسսú˳һֱǽµʬѾˣоûƳǡ
֮󣬰ˮʦĹƲûͣɲеоðϡҪչǡ
ԷͼϽһسǽʿԭϢ
ɽҲע⵽˵оڹǣǻٵǰ֧ԮϢһĽʿǾȣһû˯ĵоɱȥ
ˮʦûúóԷˣִһֶ̣ƣֳ麰ĵˣѣͷȥӭĵˡ
ڵʶʱѵ򿪳ţнʿӭС˫൱Ȼʵϲ󣬱ϾˮʦӶû˭ȥ̰
ڵؾҲǵĵоսһĵеأôǲԷŶӣƻеġ
͹ɽЩǣаİˮʦе˫Ͷˡˮʦս⣬ⳡս۵ʤѾֳˡ
¬ɿһĻüֱѪγֱӿһ˵׼Ͷʿͷ
ĸǼΪҰһƥȳɡ
¬ɻеĽȥɱݽʿɱʿ֮󣬳ɹע⣬¬Χס˵¬ˣеɱ
¬˫ȷֿеĽԼǰϣ˫ţͷǳ˵Ⱥˣֱ֣
΢΢һЦ飬ʱⷬخͳ
ɣĸļ񣿲ʶҪǻʵۡ¬ɶ˱ģȻǸŵڵˣҲûô􏪷ǻ壬۵̣¬ǲԶˡ
Ӹ¿ͷ׶ļһ˵ƾֲݰҲҼұ£еĽҲֱ𹭣׼¬ɡ
ͷֽŵڵˣб£ʹԶб
¬ǸҪӵˣеĽʿɱ裡Ҫ㵥
𹭣һ¬мһӱ˵ϡ
˵ˣ
˿¬ɻҪеĽͼȴݽʿһ±еĽò־ܡ
Цһ֪ͻֺαأ


136 ˼
ˮʦ˧¬ɱ, ˧챻ᣬݾ󺰣¬ѷ, ѰܣͶɱֿ
ʣ»ڸ翹ĵоʿʱʧȥ˶־еͶеĿʼӡ
ЩɢӵĽʿҡͷ̾ϢǲײĲᣬα˷Ѵҵʱء
ʱ䣬خΧͱ, ٴδ󿪡ǴӼгŽֵϻķ²ǣСָָ, ͷƷ㡣
һ²ˣǧˣԤƵҪ̫, νȫʤ
Χһ, 􏪱յ֮ͷĽݱΪΧǣݱһֱûͽ
􏪿Žݱ, Цüۣ̫ˣ̫ˣڽҲǴȫʤҵøϽ֮, ߵ, Ҳ˸ˡ
ϲ£˫ϲţţ˵, Ὣ˵ֱؽ´ҵ, ЩðաǱ, ΪӦðԭƻ뽭ݾںúþӪ, ͵tضǰݣԴΪݵĶԷı
􏪱ʾͬ˵öԡһùؽ֧Ԯ֮뽻ݵˮʦϣԽϰοǣƶݵıtӦӲϾΪ֮ѹ
ͷ´
ɽȭϥأԸǰ
˵ˮʦѾ㳲خǿУؽֻܷȥ֧ԮὫ
˵ؽճҸ֮д¡
ּ
ʮպյ֮ĻţԷǵڽפݴͣ׳Լ
֮Ȼ̰ðڽͣ콵ЩΪá
ΨһĻҪֿܳһʱ䣬֪ʲôʱټ档
뽭ݺ󣬱ؽݱĸ
Ĺ˸أȰũɣأͳ˿ڣ⸳˰ذ׵״µĵ֡Լ߲ӡ
µɷϽط˽̣Ϊ塣
ݵ˹ذմˮĥͲȻʽũ豸
Щٴذմȫµڴ
µףɽǧʿӷخͷ
ǧʿ󲿷ֶݺͽݽʿһȷ²ˮʦʿ䡣
ЩʿͨϱͨǾ͵ؿѻʼˮ޻Ϊͨйÿ˶ʮĶء
Ǹݰһ˰ٸչǶ޻ʳ
Щ˶˺ǿĹУʼԼˣʮӵ􏪵ͳΣΪûĸ͢ƴ²
˵ļȥ̣ЩǷǳԸģ􏪵˵ȥűܿѵİաûǽţǴӱtȳ
ĿսʧҰУתسǣЩп˵tıȣǵı̫ˡ
ԭʮȥ㽻ݵˮʦİ뽭ܼƵ붫ݵټݡܼԼһıtӦʮı
߼ϽͶıһҲʮҡõıǰߵıԼֻʮ
ķ²􏪻ãΪûã˭֪᲻ˮ
²Ǹ⡣һֱõʼأȥЩԭˮʦأԭˮʦ²ĸ
һڷخ޳ǣЩ²ļ룬خǵӦ̲١
ʣµķ²ȥ·ˡ􏪴һӷخֱͨĳ۵޵ԥ¿ܹ֣Ժϱͨͱˡ
Щ²Ķԭˮʦ²÷²²􏪵⣬ɱԼ˵Ҫõöˡ
Ϸ²ľЩ·²Щ˰Ĺ˳􏪣̤ʵɻֵܷء
ԺƽˣܽԼ˹ӣŮܽܽԲμѡοԣŵˡ
ıÿҶӲʵϣ˵ʿ壬嶼û˷ۣξĶգΪ˼һỨǮԼξۡ
²˵ܷأŮܶ鵱٣ʱ˾ʵ۱ȽҵǸʵҪöˣȻҪߣӸúøɣ
Ľ⴫ڿµ̧ͣͷһʱЦˣӴƽˡ
ƽӰ鷿ſڣľ죬ŽѾ˽쿴ʲô
􏪽סСƽܵͷ󺹣õơӴƽý״˰治
ƽһŽ״һŵӡˢĽ״Ƶģܱ߻꺮ѵļΣõĻӡмдһġ֣ǡȽͬѧڱѧб죬ѧʹ
􏪿ˣЦСһƽˡҪ鷿ǽϣ˭ܿü
ãƽ˷ܵشӦõĽִͰͣͳһ֧ëƣǷӽҵǺʣ͸
􏪸жˣģ̫ллˣˣԺˡ
ƽЦþѶˣཾˣӻţҵøͬôѧϰ
􏪱ҼҰƽ̫ʲôг
ƽԥһ£С˵Եġ
һ㶣ȻͷЦãʲô
Ҷϲ
룬˵Ӱɡ
ððҰԽӣƽϲơ
ߣȥ
緹􏪣æͣĻشк£緹Ͼͺá
􏪰ڰ֣żӵġ
һ˵ҪӣϽóӣ¡
˵ࡣȰҶڶϺǰɣŪϺ⣬ڶһζ
ƽԱߣϴ棬˵ҿ԰æ𣿡
􏪵ͷԣȵ׼ˣ
С˵ҪӣҲϽæ
􏪺ܾû³ˣϸ룬ϴ³ȥ갢ƽգԼ˸ͷ
֮þûԵԼķˣϴҵʱҲûһΣ˻ڽݡ´λʱһҪָٰԵķǲ֪ʲôʱܻ
һæܿߦƤƽվ棬һظҰӣǴҲȥ
􏪰ӵҲã˼˾УԽӾͼΧ
ƽ䰮ԽӣСһܳʮ
Ա㣬ƽ˸öſ˯ˡ
􏪳극ƽƽճ˾˯ɲãȥɢɢʳ
ƽ۾ţֻñȵȦ
弸˵£ɡ
ҡͷãұ𡣡ڻճԼˣ뱧ñˡ
ƽǸرʡĵĺӣܺãԸҲãÿʣִѧʲôͻᡣͬģǽԼİ࣬ضǸľ
رмطƽ˹˺ܶȤҲܵ飬˼̳˵⣬ȻƲ⡣
ֲ뵽֪֮ڽݹΣԷ˯һǷ˳tûɱǰݡ
Ѿֿˣټ治֪Ҫʲôʱϣ


137 
ڽݴܰ, tӵϢ־׼ٳʮݣҪɱڽݡ
Ŀǰʮ, פڽҵͶݵ, µĶפڱ߽Ŷ֡֡¹Ȼ뵳ȱȨ
tȫ˼, Ըǽ͸, ҲԸԼֵܡ˳д󳼵ķԣݡݡݡݡӺݡԥݵȵض
ȻӦ֮, ݶûлӦ
شʷɶ࣬ǱҪУ뿪
°tò, ǳˣЩرĴʷһˣһʵ, ȨѾܿ, ˾Ǿȫͬڷֽ
tпõĶ, ƣڵ, Ŵ˻ߵ˵Ҫɱǰﹷ췴ּ̫, ȥ˻ҡҡ¬Щ, һҪ
׻ڵϣϢŭ, ¸ϵش󣬻˼
˽Ȼ˵ǧԼ塣ΪҲһʱαǱʱû˶Ǳ㡣
t޺޵һ¼ȴߵԼĽֺͷΪǱ㣬޲Ҫһ򾡡˭֪ʷȻûһԸģѾȫ޷ˡһȺ
׻˵ΪЩʷŸңǴǽɣڱºα֮۲ҡڡʱҲܶԸЩңһ֣¾ǻǻˡ±Ҫ͡
tĿѾ̵̫ˡֻҵӦó􏪸ȥʱͳ׽Ūģû˽Ļˡ˵tڵóӶˡ
Ȼ˵Ϊ֮ƣӦشʷ滻ԼšԼ˷ǣסеҡ
tЦΪû
ûձȨĴʷԼˣⲢΪûм֮ˣرȥӹݣȴݣ뵽􏪸Ǻ޵
Ȼ˵Ǳ±ɣٲʮɱƹܡ
tĽ飬ͻȻһɾʧȥݺͽݣʮʲôôıÿ껹Ҫɹҡ
tʣ̫ˮճΣ
׻˵ر£絾ո˰δϡ·ģ˳û֣ʳǹõġ
tȼϣ˵ּ
tҪʱ򣬶ݴϢοѾˡ
tϢʱͷһݲͬڽݺݣЩطعϡ뽨ҵԶ
ϾݣҵλݣҲ˵ѾѾƤӵˣ⻹ˣ
tܿݡ붫˹ǰȥѹѾ
ɽʾο֮󣬲ṵ̂ðοһ޽£һߵȴǰĿıǣư֮ȡʱ䡣
һҲӭսϱ㳷صѹĽ
½ֻ˻ȥ
ɽųмŰĶ򣬰һǱִȥֻۻػأ˫ôȥ
ֹУɽҲţʿǿѻĵأ޽ˮˮ߲˺޻ʼ󷽵Ĺѹ
˼ڶأ¾͸ûȥˡ
˫ôƽضţս³ͻ
ǸԴǳḻĵȥݿ̽
һ̽ҵٿúͭͽ
۶ҵʸƵĴԺ£ӴķչҪֱԾ׶ˡ
úұմɾͻЧö࣬ԺҪڰȫиĸҲ̡
֮ڽһһΪذ·ˮ˲ٺ
ڽݲµ֣ʳ˰ȴˣĹٸͬǰĹٸΪϰĹٸ
˵ٸᳫǶѻġֲ衢޻ʱǶӻԾزϡ
ٸڵļʱкܶξΪֻнҵǸƷǲʳǵ
ݵĵڶ֮꣬ͷı䵽ʮ
ݵĵڶ֮꣬ͷı䵽ʮ
ݵһжչú˳Ψһ֮ܵ􏪷ֿ̫ˣ˺㴫ο壬ֻмˣֱַܼ尾Ͻһ̣􏪡
ȴ􏪵Ѿ֮ΣصӪأ棺бµ𣿡􏪵Ÿõˡ
˵ţǱµģҸڰͷˡ
֮ͷһûױдţǷʲôˣԶڽݣµı􏪷κ⡣
֮鷿æץͷŷ⡣ŷǿհ׵ģûһ֣ŷҲǹݵֽ˿ӦǹšϽŷҴɨһۿͷȥֻһ֣ȻѦдġ
֮֮Ͻʼϸš
Ѧһ½Ȼֱ⣬˵˰͢ݴʷԸtĵȣԪtҪشʷְtţ˶ûȥ
ѦȻᵽtһ£ȻԤô˳Ҳļ±ȫڽҵΧ
Ѧĩʾ֮tĻɼֲݴʷҲʾݡ
֮ţ˵ȥûУҪ̡
ܿ죬㵽ˣʲô£
֮ŵݸҴҿţ̧ͷ˵˭дģϢɿ𣿡
֮˵ԭݴʷѦȣΪӺݴʷϢӦʵ
˵е˼ǣЩʷtĵǲǷtˮԣڹֺt˭Ʊ֧˭
֮ףˡЩʷҴ壬źǿtǵ棬֧ˡ
µǸʡ˲¡Ҳ˵ȥҵĻǲ֧Ԯ£
Ӧˡ
ѦȵĻ𣿡ǲ̫ġ
֮룺ΪѦȵĻӦŵġѦ뿪ݵʱҲǴʾҪطߣԸֵ֧ġ
°ͣȥtڹܵٱ𣿡
֮˵ҵԭפȥ껹Ӹݵ˽ȥݡݵıټϽ±ɻжʮ
˵ؽǱס˶ԷѾǼ˲ٸ
֮˵ڸϽдŸ£㱨ǴǼء
􏪽ӵ֮ѦȵţһãսռȨһģѾõ²
ˮʦԭĽ죬Ǹݸִӷ²λ㽫죬ԭеȥͳǰӣЧ쳣ãĽҲĹˮ
̫ģ֮ʮʦԸӽߵǴ˳£۶볤ֱҵǶȥ


138 Ƴ
˳, ٶȷǳ죬칤ִܵｨҵ֮ûڽҵ½ڽҵߺϵİ
ֱӾ͹رߺ, ½ϳҵƽ
ɽ밲δһ̣֮, Ѹٳ롣
פڶİϵʱ򣬹ɽѾ䵽ıӺϳҵ֮Ĵʦ
֮ӽһtյ̽ӵšб˽ҵҳݷ, ҪݴʷǰԮȡ
Ȼֱ֮򵽽ҵ, ֻɱǰ
tͷյıϱ˼, ȥ굽ǿ±, еĸողŽ±ѵ
tܲӭսͼȸصԮ, Ȼݱ˺üգԥݶûԮ
t, 뽫ЩȫץȸصĴʷԮҵ
׻û, Ϊкܶӵ, ҲٶھҪְ, һңҲѱ
tûԮȴ˹ɽʿ
ڶѹѾ򰲾յ, ٻԮҵϵʱ, ҵѾΧͰ
̱֮, ֪ʵȥԶ, ϳӽأҲʲô
֮ҵΧסҲǣó˼ѵĸtĥ
ڳ⣬Ժȣǽҵϰ֧Ŷء
ɽʿݾڽذ£ٿһݴǰս⣬ֱӿӭ
ɽҲɧŰգһأձطװĶݰһ˵ѾѾͦãɱӣǿ
ɽǡǧԭˮʦоУвٻ·ԼҸɽ׼ʿؼ̽ףҪؾ棬޶ʱ
һʼĸЩ˻ȥ󲻻ʵֻ֤мûаʱӣ󲿷˻ڷˡ
ִ֮ｨҵ֮tûеκԮӰڼֲסˣ򿪳ţӭս
һɳĽʿǰ񣬶ǲ鼸µ±и̣ԼľֻЩ
һսΣ붼֪
򽵱ǼtǲڳԷ̫࣬Ҫһ
֮ͷͬȻôǾ°ɣʡȥһҪ
һ̴꣬t㲻Ӧս
֮ΧΧս⣬پǡ
պţ֮칥ǡt׼ֿ϶Ǹģҵ˽Ҳضģܰһʱ䣬ƽǰסġͨԣܳʮǾõġҳǱΧˣ۱ضǣҪˡ
􏪲µûҵһΧ׼۵ձһԺÿһ۸񣬵֮ӵ􏪵ʱҵںе׼Ѿǵһٶʮһ
ٸܣٸȻǹܵģ׼۲óʮģٸĹһ
׵׿ۣȴдףֻҪۡһЩպܿ˶ľڹϣжԸóʳȼء
ҵж˺ܶؤ˿ʼȥٸſڹٸ
ٸʱôܷʮʿҪʿҪǳԲôͳѾ̣
tڳޱЩ㱨ڵ˵޴˼ӦвٴһЩüɡ
㱨Ǿʢtô˵ʱͷƤ飬ü񲻸ǳ͢ôͱ˽أ
ֻ˵ر»ʣ޼ʵ㡣
tɨһȦĸλ󳼣˵λ˭ʱΪΪˡ
˶tӣʱ˭ͷ˵һξͻеڶΣЩ񲢲ֵȥȡ֪ΧʲôʱܽԼҲ½ˡ
üһ¾ô֮
ܿtͲزˡҵǽ죬ϰʯǽˡ
͵ȴһǺһܣ˳棬ӶǽС
⼸죬˽ҵ˵ξtξ
ӳǽĻڴӿֲİصֿţսˡ
͵УռţźƺƵȥ밲˼ҵսһƬеɱĺУսȫޡ
ɴϱţֻӴܡǵȴǶʱͶ翹
tͷɢĽţֻӳʹ
һ׻㱨콵ףö˶˵ǽˡѾ̮ĳǽռţɱˡ
뱱ˣ׼ȷ˵Ǵ򿪵ġ
׻û˵˭򿪵ģtҲµˣͻȻͣҲˣ
׻ȳ£Ϊβߣ
tͷŻʹЦӵȥݴʷ̬ȷˣݵң
׻˵ȥжֺ֡ɽڲûա
t׻ҧгݵ˵ãҪȥҪ􏪵³
Ƭ̺׻ˣ£ҪαװΪƽӳȥ
t·׻˵˵һѻ˰ɡ
ǣδϮŰգǲϮţϮţҲһƬңٷݱգܶΪҲɱӵķ˱ϼҴڣʼȥ
װƽtһ˳ǡ
ϵʹʱ򣬻ʹһƬ𺣡ʹûҵtӰʬʶtѾˣߵ˵ȥسţѰt䣬κٳš
֮ʱҲϵˣѾ𺣵Ļʹ̾һtһãҲñ˺á
˵ὫtѾˣ˽ŷɣt
֮ڰ֣÷ˣʱضӳˣܶɽ뿪ˡ
ȥʡ
֮˵ҲӦûȥ֡
Цɥ֮ȮӵѲɻ붫ɽ𣿡
ɽǲˡΪɿֳɽۻ
Ҳֲˡ
δܼ񵽱ˣǾԲԸºù
ͬȷôˡʵϹۣŻΪ̫ӡˣеҪȥһ£ǡ˵Ҵ뿪
֮Żɻ𺣵ĻʹȲȻû̫壬̾Ϣôˣ޵ҪӣСָˡ
̫³ҹ콵ƽףը˽ҵǵİǽΧǶʱ̮С
ܣʹʧƽtʧ٣ɹ̫Ծ
գӹܽҵǣһ±ǿٲַü񣬶شٽҵջָ
֮֮صͷڷҡҷŰ߲ҳǰʯ˩׮Ҳû߶ĺۼȻǾδ˾ס
֮ŽȥֻҰԺеӲݴзȻѾáߵʱȻĸʣ׾ӵĹĸסڸУĸأЩأǶȥĶˣ


139 
֮Ժ, ߹ӲµԺӣƹձڣϤİķӣӲݴ, Ŵ˻ҳ, ûһɲС
֮ͷ, ˵ȥһʰɨ, ݾݣûû
湧ȭǣȻкܶɻ, ҲûҶʡ
֮Ժתһ, ȻáȻĿ, Ȼ˴ɨ, λҲܸɾе, ¯ﻹʵҡ
λϿһλǹĸλȻѾȥ, ϧûܼһ档
֮һ, а, ˭ڴɨء
֮, ǰԺ˵ȥλһ̬ӵİ׷˵߼һӹȥ, ſǻ˵Сү, , ūСү
֮첽߹ȥϸһүү𣿡λң֮游棬ҷ֮꣬ġ
ūллأСүˣūڽϿеûϣŻû뵽㣡ۣūټСү˵žͳϿͷ
֮Ͻҷүү˵˵⵽ô£ҹĸأأ
Ĩһ᣺Сүߺ̱꣬ȥˡߺ󲻾ã͢ʥּ˵ǡ˵Сү̫ү췴㽫еȫץɱͷūʱѾŮ˳ȥѡÿ̫үүļգ͵͵㡣
֮սȭͷͷЩ˶ûκѪԵϵtȻһûŹ
ҡͷ̾Ϣĩ̧ۿ֮Сүڻǲ뿪˰ɣ
֮˵ʱ뿪һԺͻڽҵˡ
̫ˡѹʣū˵ʵˣ𣿡
tŻԷ֮˷ųȥϢͷԡүүͷİɣԺֻܰϱá˽լʰסүүԸ⣬Ҳסɡ
ҡͷūˣﲻСүæͲˡ˵⻰ĶͻȻ
֮ʣүүǲҲ
ΪŶ˵ɲǣѾϴˡ׼ǵˣԲˡ
֮ԸһױȥٲһףүүȥүүģtˣϻָҲҪָԭˡ
ҼỨ˸ллСүˣ̫үأ
˵􏪣̲֮ס΢ЦܺãڹݣЩҾͰӭԺǰĻʵˡ
̫ˡ̫үʺ񣬿϶ǸûʵۡЦúܿģ˸ỨԵظˣСү̫үͬ·Ḯֿˡ
ң֮Ǽȸѹ˵ǻܼϼͣѹǼô˶Լ
Ǹɱ޹tһҪѪծѪ
ӹܽҵ֮ڶ̶ڣָ˳ڵ򡣹ٸشٸ̿ҵĿС̷ֹ̧ۣܽΥ߷ؽ
ɽʿ붫ݾڵıʵЩʵʶʱ񣬼ȥ׷׵ͶûٷѶٱ
֮گ飬ݴʷ»Ч
Ѯڷخӵ֮Ľݱ㵸̫ˣ̫ˣ֮Ӯˣ
˵ϲ£ϲ£һͳָտɴ
⣬ĵõţ˿̵飬һӣڰҶȥʰǨ
ڳڵأر£ּ
ֽ֮Ŵͷβһ飬ĵļ֮黹̫ˣ֮ϾͻˣǺܼܿˣֱһĸˣ⻹ͷһηֿôá
߽ݱخը˹Ὣ̫ˣѾɹƷ˱tǵı˳ˣҺܿҪҵ
ҲζŴҵ޴ı䣬ӱǨĹԱΪڴҲ½ˡ
¶ʮһգخͷ˶ʮҴ󴬣Ϊ׵ĴϹһ޴˧죬Աһӡšᡱ֣һλӢǷ꽫
ᣬ¡صĹӭӿ֮
֮µôǰҪϥ£һסֱۣ֮ˣ𡣡
֮վϸϸ􏪵һ꣺£֮Ҳǿ˱С
ؿ֮˲٣ô˧ȴǰ˼ζһӵеʣеЦزסܺã̫ˣǻؼң
ʦӭؼңһͯ
֮ͷһƽôˣˡСһԴ
ƽѾˣ֮ǰһأģҲ˲٣СӢ֮˵ݣϽס죬˼Цˡ
Ц˵ƽǸˣ²٣ܰҲæء߰ɣؼˡ
֮һһʹҴкʱһҲôˣ书û°ɣ
ҡͷûУʦ
֮Ц˵Ǿͺá
˵ͷüɣǸ˧֮ţе˷ѡ
֮ͷá
һ·֮˵tһѻ˻ʹ£ʮźѾȥˡʱûסؽҵסҸϰɡ
˵ҿʹҲ˷Ǯޣסɣһͳ£ҪǨġ
֮ؿ´Ǩ
˵һɣֻƫһС͢Żᶨҵһͳ£ҵԾͲʣԶԱĺá
֮ףȽ˸ϵԱǸǨ½ȥǾʱסڹɣҲ󣬳Ҳûʲôס
ʣأ
֮ҡͷĸѾʣҲûˡ
􏪽ֱָϣڰ
֮̾ϢֻźûӵȥТҵܲݵĿȣ룬Ҳ޻ᾡТˡ
˵ҡ
֮ҡͷܹ㣬컯Ūˡ
룬Ҳȷʵˡ
خϲǾۼڽֱΧۿĽʿͷβ¥ҲǨ¡
֮صУϤһУ÷ɣȻ􏪵ĵطмҵĸо
֮ǰصСĸۡѾʰɾˣɾйڵİУûڴеĹС
صҵС
֮ɵľذϣ̯֫˵Ǽ
ԱߣͷʪĶǣ˵˰ɣҪȥԡ°ɡ
֮ץס֣һ𣿡
ûԥ˵ͷá
֮ϲ̵ǣߵԡң􏪾˽ԡעˮ̲סЦл
˵¡
֮ûоܾ΢Ÿ첲􏪰¡
􏪰£ְ􏪿£ԡأ֮ӵڻ૵˵ˡ
􏪻رϵĺζʱÿϸˣҲǡ̫ˣԺǾͲ÷ֿôˡ


140 Ǩ
ҹ, ڲùߡ֮첲ϣȴϣҲ, һ򼡷ĵط, ƿˣֽȴȥ
֮ôճԼ, ´̫ѵˣ̫ȣ뽫˱Լ˯
֮, 뵽صҵǰָñ, ûɷ, ҡҡͷͷγԴ, òײؾۣҪȥЩ¡
􏪷ðˣҪƿ, ȴֹ֮ˣԼ§, 
ϢĿյ, ʣ𣿻˯
֮˱һ£ۡŴ˿̻˸Ԥ, Ҫһǵʱ⡣
³һخ齭ͷĹٴͣˡ
йԱЯżҾ죬ѡļ϶Ů, ͵ĽʿǷ׷׵Ϲٴ, кüҴӽ߲֡޻ӡ
ǸһǨĶˡˡ
֮, ڼս£﷫𺽣˳¡
􏪻ͷŽнԶķخǣ³ŸոտûüǷʢǾҪ뿪ˣ˵źǼٵġ
ţخǿ϶ᷱģΪеԽ
ƽߣָѣ˷ܶŵؿźƺƵϰҴĶ飺ҵ󲻴װô𣿡
􏪵ͷЦܽǵС꣺Ȼܣҵȷخأٱ༸Ҳװ¡
ƽ˿ǾͺáҵҲѧ𣿡
ҡͷҵûѧӣӦ˽ӡϾͻΪѧӣܿܽѡ
ƽЦȱ¶˳̫ˣлл
֮ԸӣЩԥҪҪǣҵɲȷخȫҪðƽƽһѧ𣿲ȻǴǰһٻӵһѧϰǵÿ􏪵˼
֧Ӽ׳ۣ˳£뺣֮˳˳ˮ칤򣬱㵽˽ҵ
ҵ͹ɽӭӡҵҲϽΧۣΪ»ʵˡ
ͳ􏪱ϲϲ֣ݡݡӺݡԥݵȵشʷţʾΪͳ
ЦŵͷǾͺáαûдңҲûְء
˵֣ﱻtһѻˣڻУҪʱסԭϣ
֮ӹͷˣѾˣסҸϡ
Ťͷ֮Ὣⲻ̫ðɣ
֮˵ûʲôáҸöʱҲûסһҪ
Цһ⵹ǣլȷʵС˵㡣
ڳڿһĴլӡt֮һֱ뽫լӴ͸Լţ֮ǰ׻ѾסˣȻֲסôլӡ
ֲǰңһֱûʹ͸ˣլӾôţջǻص֮
ϵҶѲ֪٣Ϲͺͺģ
􏪽ԺӣĸᣬϡЩӡԭСʱιڴϷֹ
֮ͰźˣסУƽסСʱסԺӰɳļѡź顣
Ϊ飬סڸϲ̫ʣڳ˼շѡѡԥլӣլԭ̫ҵֶռˣһҲˡ
ڳ󳼣ңԭڽҵвҵȻԼңԱʱһЩլеҼһҵʵķٰȥ
􏪵ҵ󣬲ûмϳôȰӦһ¡
ԭЩϳȫˣӼ쵹Ƕˣû񣬵˺Ҳټǡʵǲܵģ˰Ƕͼǿдһµ۵̬Ⱥͼƻ
һŲǼ˼ΪЩҶٸմ״ʣȫܾ
Ҳ˵􏪵̬ȣص֮˿϶֪̬ȡ
һЩ뷽跨ͰǶȻƲֱ¹󣬻бҪһµģϾպҪͬΪ٣ҪúദʶʱΪܣҲܹ֮ʢ˥ԭ
ƲνңҲһŻؾˣʾ±»ԼᵳӪ˽
ЦպҪЩ˿ģǲҪЩлıȽϺá
æ죬ЩϳǶûµ۵İ̬ȺͿڷ磬ͷҲ֪ǵǰ;Ρ
Ϊıǻϣ
󽫾ıȻǾƽͷҲӡܼųնӲˣҪǼҴҵ󣬳Ҳӵȥ
ȵʱڵة࣬tλȥةְ֮t֪ʲô˵һŮΪǲԸģ㲻􏪣ҲԲܼ޸ֵܣʵҪȢ˭ֵŮ๡
Ҫ˵СҲͦҲŮӣ􏪱֮ûӼİˣΪ̫壬Ҫٵɡһȣtǻֱӱٽ˹С
˶˵ǻʺȥ􏪣tֻ֪Լöңtϲŭ޳ıû´棬͸ܽϵĹͨˡ
˼ϻ۵ŮӣڹѻΪҪһˣȴt̨ǰδ􏪻ˣ˻ʵۣƣǶôķ̣
ˡ
֪ܼһϱЩǷ􏪣ֽ޸tǲ׸ƣҲԾûȥ􏪡˵Щ겢ûǾ͸ˣ􏪻ޱϡ
պϳ칫ˣ֪ͨϳֻдӷخЩԱһɳû֪ͨ
ԭ􏪱һ˿ľɳеѵҪҵ
ҪģݴʷǲţɣûǣȺûôܹܵôһҡ
􏪵ǺܿͿʼټЩɳˣǷֱټģգټ˾ͽM
˾ͽƹ»ء˰յ˵ģҲڹܵķ룬Ҳڳ
M㱨M켣ٳ֪꣬µ۱ض׼Ҳ֣˲ٲǰ
􏪱㿪ʼУũ¼𣡢˰MӣҲǿԴó
ȵ꣬ͻȻʣ˾ͽΣ
Mһ㶣˵ˣʮ
ףԭѹ֪֮꣬Ϊ꣬͢Ϳ๦ߣˡ
MһʱͷƤ飬²͸􏪺«ʲôҩ֪ôش˵Ƿ֮°ɣڸͷЧԼûtɣǲ͵ڳԼְأ
ģб䶯ȡ˾񡢻ϡƳиˡг񷱶࣬Ѹߣ̫ͣλɴ˾ǻ飬Ժӹ˵ְǲͣԸƸΪɣЭɴ˴Ըһ֮Եмҵ􏪱Գƣǲ岻סǰ
Mζӳ£µ۾ȻôֱӽԼְ񣬻Լһ˴֣ǲӦԺû˻ᣬӲͷƤ˵ԵԸΪЧ
ͷãͷ˽ɴ˺ӡжλˣ
˳ң
Ǵӻʼ􏪰ټ˾Աְܶ˱ûԭְģְһЩֱӱҪˡ
ҲǾɳĹԱȹݴĲһ̬ȣ􏪲Ը⹩Ҵ塣ܲãǵȿһ¡
䶯ڳҴ˾κˣµƺҴ壬ѵͲ½ձȨĴʷ
􏪻治£ʮŹݡݡݡݵ֣Ҫ򣬻ǼĴʷ


141 
ͨ˵, ֻиĳŻô±䶯tֵֻ֮ڶȡtȻǰڲȨ, Ǹĳ
Щɳ벻ͨΪʲôᶯϡǲtĳӣǾƽȫĳӣ􏪾㲻t, ѵҲʵӣ
􏪻治, ֮, ûом, ΪԼ游ƽ˳鵱Ұ
Ϊƽ􏪸ԭһ, Ҳ̬ȣ˼ƽ۵, ʹˣӹϢ
½̲, Ὣ졣ʵ, ԩκһ޹ߣԸο飡􏪶Գѻȸٹ˵, ֪Լһ飬ƱҪƽµĸ밹ࡣ
̲֮ͬʱּ֣
񣺡бࣺ»գþмˡ
􏪿, ˵õȴ󽫾İӲ֮, ޲ܼ, ȥĸ󡣡
һҪԭһ, һɴԩҲҪ󽫾һ
ľɳ޲Ĵ¶Ҫڸƽ֮ǾԲưոˡ
ƽĺһʯ˾޴ҰͷƤһ飬ĵ׻ˡ
􏪲ûмȥҴ档յݵʱһȽл˿ͳƣء
̯̫ûȫԼȥʩط˿ڣūĶ۹˽ϱѱϳͣμѡοԵʸ
ͷʩΪϸ񣬶עؼͥ봫еĺ˵ٺ׼ࡢٶĿʸأΪһӬͷСͶͨ
ͬʱ͢ȫ䷢ѡʮһ£ݾѡγѡʤ߲μµľǻῼ۳߾֮
ʾһ䲼ȫĶˣԱӵ޲ܣڵȵһ죬Ҳܲμѡοˡ
ߵĶЩ꿴ϱߴġǻ𡷱ҲŹϱߵѡƶȣӵܷ֧ѡƶȣŵˣԲѧˣȻȾƷҪƽöࡣ
ߵĶʿжĴһɻ󣺡ǻ𡷱ôÿһݱֽһģһģȻǿĹ׳¼ġ
ôģǲ˺ܾãûܿܡ
ҵɲ㽫ӡˢռܹΪӡˢҵĻȨ
ĿǰΪֹȫΧҪǵײרЩȨײӡˢôҵĻȨɲˣΪƿأֻҲģÿƪĶȥ
һᣬջȨȺˣֻΪԼײ淢Ĺ޴ڵ
ڴˣ􏪾ӡǻ𡷱ķƵʣԭһһڸΪһڣÿѮһڡȫΧ壬һȫصĸŶܿڱֽϣȫصǶ֪
􏪱Ҳ壬ߵ塣塢ơ˪ˣƺ˪ѾΪŮ٣רΪ􏪴ļ
ƺ˪Ҳû뵽һƧ¥ŮӣĻԵɺ˻ʵ۱µŮ٣ǺεȵңҲǼ価Ľظ􏪡
ԱһŬӦ»¹ڿɲڹݣϽķΧȫʮݣϰٸأ񷱶ţë
Ѿ̯Ͼһõ쵼ҪѧˣоҲ۵ġ
һңʵҲǲɵģǰڶŵģӺݡݡԥݵȽݷĺۡ
𣬳Աû¹꣬ٺСϪȥö඼ˣǧҪˡ
ũҵǿԷģ¾ǹҵ֮ũҵֲҲο˵µڡ
˵£ߺ鼫ΪأһصĻ֡ȳݲѩϼ˪طˡ
üͷȳֲЩݣ
ԥݡӺؽ϶ࡣ
һʣǴӱ߶ִ𣿡
˵⵹ǲذŶ֣ǱҲ١
˵վɱȳ档Ǳ˷ˣȳʳãը˿Ӫֵͦء
ô˵Щ㶣ô֪Щ
˵Ὣյʱ٣Թȳ棬˽ơ
Ц»Уȥǡ
˵ʷϼأֶ෢캵ԭƣ鵹ܶ٣ֿӲùҪˡ߿ֻвǰñ߷񣬽֮󣬱㰲ŵݿѻġصعϡҪ֡
ּ
˵ͳϿصطֹۣǣشٸعٸغ֡ϱ߸ݴʳԱʱ֮衣񶬿»ս
壬ǿûдʳϰߣȳ˲ݣֻǵţȺҲҪˣԵñ߾ؾǿ
˵ּ
􏪸֮˵˺ֵ£֮˵ַĵص㣬üͷ˵궫ֿ϶ӣǵüǿ߽Сҵȥˡ
æ˵ڻ磬Ӧôǡ
֮ҡͷǣҪȥѵȻֵһǼûм֮
е᲻ǰѵҪȥ𣿹ɽǲʤΣǲؾ۶ðҪ롣
֮ĦĲӺͼ磬˵Ϊͳ˧ôҲȥοһ½Щʿ
֪˵ðɣ
ţҾ֮ȻԸ뿪􏪣̫ƽǵȱʹ͵ģսƴɱģҪȥƴɱ
􏪸ոtصĺ֣ҵЩʿ嶼ЩֻҪδ
ʼ˴ҥҲǷ􏪲̳ˣôһλ˺֣ȡλضǴŭϵɣԲŽ˳ͷ
ҥȻģҪǷ􏪵ˣҪ֧tˡ
ҲᣬŲæشϱߵԴԴϵĵȡ곤Աˮϡ٣ϵȴûʲôӰ죬ӽʸߣȫõֵܺ˻ᱻ
ĿǰӦþȼãͨ㹻ʳ֧ŵոֻǿյĺЩ֣̿ιٸʾµ磬ðղصģ͢ʱһ취
Ҫĵеְˡ
Ȼ鷢º󣬶ȻʹߣҪʹңȱҪȱȻ뵽˰ֻ
􏪿ЦˣֱӶ⼸ҵʹ˵tǩԼ޹أǻʵȥ֣Ҫҡ
ʹ􏪵˼ǰǩԼ


142 
ʹ˵ʵ۱, ǶֵԼȻʾƽʱǩġǺ˵ծӳܲ˰ɡ
ЦһȻǩԼʹɻǵãѣ, ֱصԮأοȻҴ󰲽¾ҴȴʼԹۣˮѱ, ޸ծӳ
һϯ, µöʹƿԡ
ֿʹߣ޵Խط, ڹΪ, ʣܽԽŻ𣿡
ʹŵ˵ԽүѾȾ߹ȥˡ
ŭĿӣǽö˶˵үڸ˵, ѾˣǾԴүģ
ʹ߷ֱ磺Խүǵ컨ȥģⲡҲΪˡ
􏪱۾, һǱҪǵʧв, ֣ع黹, һλүһǣΪɣ
ʹ߼ֱ֪ôӻ, ծģôɱҪծأ»ʵۿƯ޺̬ȴǿӲ, ӲǸúŪġ
ҲصģҪ, ǾʹΪֹ, Źʵ۱˵Цˡ
Ƴһۣ˵Цӣ
ʹߴһиܵһѹ, Ͻͷȥٽӻ
Ȼʹ˵ǺһԳ¼Ȼ̳˰ĻλǾӦü̳еŲԼ
ʹǸ˰ɡλ޼̳ģƷ˱ͳζġ֮ǰеԼûйϵǸ˭ǩģ˭ȥҪҪޡ̬ȼ˵
һʱЩӲڳ˵
⼸λʹǰôûţ㬵뿪ˡ
뿪֮ȥԼʹߡ
ߺؿݣ˻ˡ
߸ϽȭɴĳΪ£
Ըϲ裺Ȳ衣
߶豭ɴлֱ˵
ЦЦҹߺأҲֵֹ̫ۡϾǵ鱨ͱˣֵĺֱָأνǳǧ
߾ؿƿС
Це˵ŶǿӹǲҪʳˣǱĳˡ
߿ԥãڿ˵ɴ˻ʳ
˹һڲ裬ȭ죺ǱӢ䣬ֲһӽˮȴǰһЩÿ껹һЩʳӯ࣬ʳġ
ʣʲô
ƥ
˵Ҫ
ЦȻ֡ȻȡʤǵȻҲҪбԼĳ롣ǳϵʿ⣬Ҳȫ
˵˼ǣǽԼ͸ԿԼ
ͷЦΪҪ룿ôûҲԼֳʳȥ˰
߹Ȼ޻˵
˵һս޿ɱܣʳǻ
£˻
˵˳Ƶۣ벻Ķʱtл޶֣֮ⲻ֮ܲҲǱ´ӦġԽҲԵ޹֣ӽˣһ⡣ǿǲܲ㡣ܹ֣Թ˵ְ˵
°һ˼㱨ۡ
һָͷǧһƥ۸ɷһ
ֱ壺
Це˵ˣ걱󺵣ʳǼ˰
ҲǷ˵
Цӯӯģһ·£ҲˣͬҲ˺֣ͷࡣǲҾȥȻˡ
߿ԥã˵ҲҪͬǻʵ۱һ¡
ֲΪ²ŵգȳ潫ո̵еôݲǧطգݳҲȳеһɶ˵˲ԣҲˡ
Ц˵ϣܾõ˵Ĵ𸴡ˣ˳һ´ˣҪָܴӰ˽ʱ̣ٸϿشݽףΥն
߿Цرһȭⲻ͵˵˵㡣
ǧףǼҲʮӣļ۸һƥƽʱֱΡ
ֻˣʳӿ¶Ҫݣˡ
ǿסԼŭȭǣ
뿪ıӰЦЦõģĿǰѶвԱߵĺȨ䣬һͳ£Ǳزٵġ
٣ʮַɢԱҪСҪ͵ǺóģȻҪ
ƽҪѲٿ࣬ѲƣǹԳܵġϺ֣һ¶֮ìܣ˵ֶΪ
ߺ󣬼ɽˣܳ𣿡
˵ˣȥŰɡ
ɽʣǻбҪȻ𣿡
˵ʹʱûбҪˡͷȥֵˣú䱦ͬǻһЩƥȻģòҶ̺ȥɡ
ǣˣɽմӺִ˲챦Щرܺ˹ϲǲ˹ֱ̺Ǻ˹ݵ
ʹ뿪֮ǰİݼһӦνסʳǧƥǧƥսõ䡣
걱󺵣л֣ԶڳԱȻӰСֻҪûִѩ֣ǽӦڽϱߡ
ȱƱػᳯϱߵİ֣ʳ֣һΪ˻ƥΪ˼ٵˡʳ˱㲻ӣʳҲûжöֽһ־õսײҳ
ûʳȱﶬض
Ӻݾѵ֪֮ںѾɨϰֻҪרĶԸּɣץʱѵȡ򼸸Ư̡
ץʱĲ֮ݾ˾ǰ޲Ѫˡ
һ߶شսһֵһȫΧڵѡοԡ
ʮһ³һȫݽѡγԣѧӶһһѡγһǧڵڶ³һڽҵлԡ
ӻѡγǰμӵԣѡǰʮľڹ١
౻¼ȡ߽͢ŵȥȻҲ¼ߣҲ¼á
􏪴ѡΣµĹٳлѪ滻Լ¼õ˲ţȻҲⲻ˻ʿ壬ƾʵѧġ
ϣײܹս뿼μѡοԣΪǵĽײ㷢
􏪸е˵ǣвѧӳƶӵܲμѡοԣое̹ĺӣ;οԼֵĲ˿ջĳɾ͸С
Щƶӵ޷;÷ѵģõطͳһͳʤ뾩μӿԣһܹ֤˳μӻԣҲܱǵȫϾͷǵƽܣҲиҪͳһжͰȫˡ


143 
ǵһȫΧھп, 뱱ѧӽӵ֪ͨʱ뿼ʱֻʣ£βûнۺϿ, Ƿֿƽеġ
Ŀۡũѧˮҽѧơաѧ, ʫġ鷨滭ɵ, ѧġ컯ȡ
ϣĻƼȫ濪, Ҫھʿ, вŸɵ˶ܷ
۵Ȼ, еĿĿٵط˱ⲻҪֻҪⷽѧӾͻȤȥԼѧϰ
¼ȡǸݸصıġȫõͬһԾ, Ҫչ˵زβĽѧˮƽ, ѧͨѧϰıˡ
ʮһѮɼ, Щ뾩ԶѧӣͿǰ׼Ͽˣݵѧ, ٸϿǰС
ɺʱ䳤һֱɺʮһ, û¹ꡣ
ӺԥΪأʳ, tѹζİռкд, ۼžҪϴ
ٸܿ͸ҳ˶, ˵ðնӡٸ˺ܶʳ, ϽʳǼۡ
ٸʳͳһ䷢ÿ˿ڶѷַƱƾƱһֻһΣǮˣճ
Ϊ˷ֹ˶򣬱ϾٸҪ֤ÿҶзԣܶˣҲҪֹ˴ӹٸȥ
ȻֻģϷû֣صأԹû̫Ӱ졣
־ڵΪֹֻͬ󣬳ǧճԹ˼еĴΪ̡
Ϊ˻ٱصĺ˶ĵӣ밲ڣϣܹһڳԵģ˻ûѶ;УӶʳʼ
Ҿ˰أǽĵطǵļһҲ˺֣ǿŹٸľȼòǿάƣжʩֵء
˵˼״̬£÷񣬲ʼ͵գһҵľء
طٸò߾άֱӽϻȥ߾ǳضҿţЩлŵоϸ
􏪵֪üͷ˲ʳֵ֣񲢲ٶ٣Ȼں㲻ˣǲֵþġ
ʣ£ЩҪδãȻ͵Ϸȥ𣿡Ȼ˽􏪵ġ
̾ͰɣݡݡݣЩطعϡҪѻġȻϲڹϣҲûж
˵ʳãǵĴԤѾûжˡ
˵ٳҴ֮ǰѾϷĵǴչһʳΪӦԱĺ顣
ֻʳϽʳףҲϽʳǼۣǰ϶գĳ˽ʳġ
˵ǾɹٸǿٸǱǳʱ̾͵÷ǳֶΡ
ּõƣ¾ͺðˡ
֪ˣôǿҲϸˡĺλͣʼնź˵ūۣڼĵʱѡʳЩܼĵĺ˾ԲôûгԵģ뺺Ĵ򽻵ʽ
Ȼʮһ¿ʼ߾ϱ㿪ʼ⵽ԶֵϮţֱΪƵģҲһЩ
֮ڱ߾ϰرأһֽӣϾͻоǰȥء
ʮ³һ֧ǧ˵սݵһسǡڸ̣ǰȥԮ
֧̱ӣƾϵƣ˳ֱ
³Ϊսġ֮ǰЩٵֱǼʮϰˣֻ٣ֵ
ӵϢ֣֮􏪱ʾһкѰ׵ǿ
׼ôãǲ̫˷
ʮʮգݻϵ֮ʦᣬʮ֡
ԱߵĺȨڱ״̬δΰֳַǳ𾪡
Ǵĵһ̣ǹ򰲿Ϊİ߷򣬳ǽǿռȥ
̫֮Χİ취˾ͷȻűΧһգ˾ͿʼսĵߣȻץ˳ڵĺ˰ϳǽҪЮ˱ֱӿǵͷ
֮ըը˰ĳǽڵرˡǰt̵ʱҪɱֿʿ䣬Ͼͬ
˴򣬾Ȼûˣη£Ҫʵ˵ǡ
ֿձ㶪ˣʶûô۸ҲɳǰӦս
ϾúӦԵĻϾҪɱˡ
սݣ֮һʱƽ˳˺ء֣أң޲ս޲ʤʿ
ֻʵ۷ǳ벻ͨҪ˵سǻóжӳɱǾȻռƣҪ֪ǵʿǴСϳģŰǼƥܹǵĲԭ
Ȼʵȷˣյűƣÿʱ򣬶ǳֵľ죬ܾ֮ʧȥơ
ѵǰʲôʵ˷˼
⵱ȻʲôֻǸġѣԴ䵽оӪըѣž죬ܾͣ߿񱼣ͻײԼĶѡ
û밲֣ԼѾ˲Сʧ
վԪˣ􏪻ûϢ֮Ľݱ볯ǷϲѶ
ŵĵڶҳʱϽ֮ͣдԼļ飬һôͽݱһˣһȥأվ͵ɡԪˣڰϳˣգϳաһ³֮ÿλ˶һΪڰ׼ԪСС⣬ɾ⣬ıοʡ
ٹл¡
􏪸͵ʵܸ߶˴ϵΣķıǻ𡷱ѡװɲĺϼ桢׼ѹ빬͢ĵȡ
ȲݳޣҲףڼԼʵ۵ݡ
˳􏪱㼱Ҵһů󣬽ҵĶɱö࣬􏪱䣬ûеůӼֱûԳϳеůůжȹġ
ů󣬽ЬһѣϽĴϱӸʼĶ֮ļ飺յʱԪֲԪգԸܰҡ÷ʢʮ÷˪ŭţεΪ׳ۣʤգֻ޲ͣΨ÷һ֦ı⡭
֮дúܺԼҲ˿􏪿ü⣬ŷе÷Ȼήȴɲʧɫ􏪽СȡϸչһֻľϻС
ֽ֮ŷˣŽһרװ֮ŵľϻУЩıӴƵǰʼ֮ţȻҲͳдһд
дţͻȻ⴫˼£Զá
ʣż鱾ˣ˭ɡ
ֻ֨ѽһ죬һԴѼɤĻ£㻹ϵ𣿡
̧ͷһһ̽ͷЦӯӯָȳң


144 ۻ
ҿ, 􏪹һЦ˵£
վ̧ļ磺С, ôˣ仯Ҳô濴Ŷϡ
Ѿ׷, ڵЦݣһЦ¶һĴƤС, Ǹر꣬˵öûˣɸǰһɲꡣ
􏪹ЦҲѧ˵׻ˡ, ˼飬衣
Ҵ֣л£ҵ䰡Ұд·ˣǾ䣬Һöʦֽ·Ҵů͡
˵ů, 䡣, е˵һģ㰢أ
˼˵ϲ, Ц˵, ϶²ġ
􏪺ʣģ
ҺٺЦμ»Եġ
􏪾֮İͨˣСӣ˲, ԿԣǴе, Լµڿϣ֮
, Ǳ½̵úáЦ˵
Լѧݻ㰢ͰĸկӶ𣿡뿪Ѿ, ʱ찡, СҶһСˡ
Ƕܺá廹կ, Ұĸһܵܺһáկﵽ·ѾͨˣܳկҲѧӣկĺӶѧˡ
Ըˣİ̫ˣ
ɽһ˲ҶҲԺȣѾǵҵˡЩ˻ᵽɽѻֵأһֲһӽ˵
􏪴ߴٶ˵һݵ¡Ȼÿ꼪ɽȥʱ˵˵ݵĽϾʱ̣ܶ඼ֻ˵š
ұ˵ݱμѡγԵ˷ǳ࣬ٶˣö඼ѧģɳͬмҲͨ˳ԣҪԪ˲̴꣬ǣҾ͸һˡˣݻһλŮѧҲͨˡ
􏪷ǳģ
ġ²ǹŮҲѧӲμѡοѧӵһЩŮӣ˼Ͷȥˣ඼лȥѧŮˣ׼ӡöุĸŮѧݱμѡοԵŮֻȴһͨ˳ԣ̫ˡҸп˵֪᲻ǲμӻԣһŮӳſ̫಻㣬ҲûŮΪ١
˵ҪμӻԡҸҦȥţҪŮμӻԡǸ䷶һҪҪμӻԣҪ٣ϵŮʡúúʲôְȽϺŮȥ
˵һЩɽ󡢰ɳĽԼݽյȵȣǵһѯ
ýζݵĸ⣬һ̫ʦڣȥ
뿪֮ǰһȥ˰ɳ壬һ֪Ҫǣ˺öණ􏪺Ǹж
ĵýζֱˣƽСԴ̽ԷʦҲڣ
ͷһЦˣǰƽɣƽôˣϵ𣿡
ƽϸңȻҡͷϵã˭
Һؽøһİƽһ£٣㲻ǵңҿɼǵ㣬ʦ֡Ҽ񵽵أݡǰڱ¼ſڣҵһġ
ƽٺЦʦֺã뿪ݵʱ࣬ԾѾȫûӡ󣬾ݶûʲôӡˣҲ˵
Դüһôˣ¸ʲôǲǽΣԳô졣
ƽӣŽأ
􏪹ЦѽԶô졣
˼һЦѡ
˵ʦЦҲһ겻ôôˣȱ»ˡ
􏪣Īǹʹ˼ͼҪˣʮľҲˡ
˼˵ҿɲߵģʦֲĸأһ߰ͷʦˡ
˵İþûʦˡˣ£ʦʹʦʲôʱǹ궼𣿡
˵ǻزˣ컹дŻ˵Ѿºˡ
˵ۣǲǿԳγɰΧˣ³𣿡
⻹˵ƵӲҪ򡣡˵
˼˵ȻͶֲңҿⲻ¾Ǽ֦ͬһ
˵ǿԺᰡ£֣˵Ȼ֪֡ʲôʱ꣬ȥֿȿԺ󡣡
ƽ˵ʦ֣ôݣǱȥʦʹʦ˰ɡ
Ȼݣһ춼û°ʦҿ˫ȫôĴָһ±Ǽ⡣
һžƣ̲סЦˣʱ찡Ǽޱӵޣܹһˡ
߰ɣ˵Է𣬾ӦҲûԷɣһɣ˼Ҳһ˵
˼æ˵л£
ţץץ죺û뵽ô䣬ˡ¹ѩ𣿡
˼ӻǰʱһСѩ󣬵ڶվͻˡû귬خµĴأ񫡣
˵䣬ΪҲѩأûУʹ˵˪ϣܿѩôܵܶ
ЦӦѩµġǰɣ뿴ѩеǻᡣ
ҺٺЦұˡ
ҹˣǰӰɳĺӶ˼ˣΧǣǹС
ȻҲûʲôˣСһԿ೤ĻˣϧȫǣЩǣһЩѾˡ
ϢеһСͨ˳ԣͻμӻԣܼܿѣ붼ü
ҲʮָпĹ¶гһҲܳΪᶰ̫οˡ
¶԰ҲҪȫΧڼƹ㣬ѧҲҪ˰죬˲Ųڱû
ҵķΧҪȷخŨҼҶұаҷ˼ſڶƯĹƣҲ⣬綼ƯĹơ
􏪻úֽд˸֡˴ϣģԵϲ졣
оһμ磬μĶǴݸ􏪹ˣƽɽ˼顢ҡ塢ɽСơ˪Լţţˡ͸ڰɳʱһҾۼլڣһۻԷΨȱٵı֮ͼ
􏪾ƱŴң̲סڰɳһԷĳˡĿ·աΨ֮뼪ڣһٱңף갲쿪ʤտ
һٱףὫʦ뼪տ
Ϊ˰ɳ£ҶܷɣϯϵĲǸ߸ϵı£λԶͰ׵ɾ
ڳͶ󣬴󲿷ֶǺӣôұЩ˻ŵÿܿ
Եòʱ˾Ƿɻһֶ硰֣ÿ˶ҪһʫдһʫӲıҪȾƻ߱ݽĿ
ɻ̫ռˣΪװʫδʣûȹƣŰƽ⣬ñͶˡ
˱ɹͨѳζ벻ֻñݽĿ˳裬裬֣轣ҲȤζ
􏪿ȭЦֲ֧Ťͷ㿴һԵĿƵԼ˵Ŀһ͸Ͻƿߡ
ⲻǵһˣ􏪶ԸǳٶۣҲһˣ֮ǰ֮˵ȥУĪԼĸ鲻ô⣿
ܾж֮˲࣬û뵽Լô࣬ͷۡ
ǴƽʱΧԼתٸԽӴԲŻˣ
˿ˣĲ㣬塢ԼԼûɼңȻɼΪ֮˲ɼΪʲôأ
􏪷Լ̫µĳˣӦȥϲļҵŮӣļкŮӣǣҲа
Աֹˣ̳ȥССʳҼҹ
􏪸кӶѹǮһϲأһ֣һֻнղء
塢һȲ죬˵ʵܳԵ治࣬ӻûУŴʵ̫ƶˡ
􏪳۽״Ʋ˵ƺע⵽Ǽû˰֪Ǳǹ¶Ҳûļˡ
һ£ȻҵļҲѲˡ
ļ磺Ǹʱµġ
֣޷ѾǰˡҼԭǷݵĸ̣״ֳһںڶ֡ҵ뷬خһǼΪһ˼ޣٱ˽ͨйٸҼңҪջҼҵĴҸڷжΨҽѡԺұٸƲ˭뵽ԼȻ˹ٸ
˵ٸνûֻһǺǻˡ


145 ˵
ЦЦǰ, Ҳͨˡ޳˵ĹٸǾȥƷı
صͷǾ䲻, ȥøáƽ
ЩͻȻ˻⣺ʮ, Сͷһˡ
СͷڣƻġҺһֱûǵ˽ԵҲ̫, ϲļҵĹҿǳȥ˵ý􏪵׻ǰ⻰˵ˣϲ˵˽, Դδʹĸ
ȻŹ̫ɬֶûгģȫǵҳǹһ±ȽϺá
һ㶣ǺһЦл¹, ûȢ, ׼һ˫Ůպϱ㹻
⵹􏪺, ѵЩ, ޶ˣˣҲͲˡǼأ
̧ͷһۣҲȢޡ
􏪿, ֪˵ʲô, ֻÿ, ⷢ, ϷϽʣĹ
ŷϣûûС
Цб, ûбû, ˭ҵĹȥ˵סΪҪȢ˭ҵĹﻹ׵İɡ
쵽˶
Ц˵ˣ˪
֮ԼƤӵµ飬Ȼ޲ģõˣô֪
Ŷͷε˵Բ𣬱£ҡ
ֹ̧Ц˵˵ˡ˪ʲô̬ȣ
ĳ˪ķһۣЩɥҡͷͬ⡣
Ҳ˪ķһۣͼһ˵Ļ
˪䳤öׯģ˼ϻۣƽʱǳϸ䣬Ǹĺð֡ΪԼǳԼңվ飬Ҳ֮е¡
ѵõ岢ɻ˪ĳֻҲ˪䲻Ӧ
˵ͷ˪Ҳ⣬ұΪǶ˴ͻ顣
ϲֱ̧ȭл³ȫ
Цļ磬ͦãܳɾǼô¡
ŤͷŹɽɽҲС˰ɣȢף
ɽɹúںڵе㷢죺
􏪹Цãһ£ļҵĹȽϺãѰһź¡ɽأ
ɽûش𣬺ȻǱֵбһЦҵע˹ȥ
ֻҴ˵㣬ʲôʱʦɩ
ƽҲƽ£ȥʦɩҪѹǮ
ߵͨ죬㵽£ҵţҪ˺죡˭ʦɩ
ɽϵı鲻֪ϲŭҧ˵Сӣȥ˺ǵ죡
׹˼һԣ
ŷ֣
Ŷͷ̫ٶˣȻû֡һð÷С޲¡˼ҲʮˣʮԳء꿴Ҫϲϼϲˡϲüҡ
̲סЦδ̫ļˣλֳδء
°ͣ˵Ҳǰɽ뼪ͶСˣֵҲóˡɽпϵĹҪ𣿡
ɽæ֣鷳£Լҡ
Ǻã顣Ц˵
Ϧͨ걾ΪĸģһȺҲûиĸڵģԸɴͶûأȵҹཻ􏪱ôҶطȥ˯
ճţ˽ѩˣ
ǶļˣҸǲЦΪӭҵҸյѩˣӿѽ
ƽ􏪻ﱾ˯ҺѩˣҲŬѾϵƤѩҪѩ
ԴСϻûأѩˣ˯ɡ
ƽԣֱ˯ˡ
վŵĹӳѩҵѩˣ֪û£֮˿ʲôأǷѾ˯¡
վϷΪͰƽŷ磬òѣ£̫ˣȥɡ
􏪻عá
μ֮һˣ􏪷ҹ˱
䣬ҹܲܽԼůѣ˰ƽЩӣһֱǰƽ˯˯İϡ
ڴϸ룬ЩΪ֮ҪȥˣͲˣҲܽΪβԸȥУΪԼߣ֪Լ֮Ĺϵ
Ǹ֮飬öԲסϣѸ˷Լϣֵ˻кööء
ǷծǸծԾѵ˺ҹƽ˯СһģҲûʲô˯⣬ϵԶںе֮Ȼ֮Żûд꣬Ϻóдš
Ͻ¿£
􏪴ŹǷ֣û£дţ˯ɡ
􏪣´𣿱ˡ
Ҵˣްöˡ㻹ŵ£Ͻϴȥ˯􏪳ڰ֡
תȥƬֽ̺ˣϴ£һ߾һ˵ְĥī
ãаĥõīҵˮͿԡ˵
û߹ʼĥī
􏪸֮дȻǼ飬׼ȷ˵飬ڣôдͣʲôԸ
̧ۿƬ̺˵ְϣ̩񰲣˳졣
ЦҲôģҲҼӳˣԸʵء
һԵġЦȻһ̣ڸ෴ζˡ
˵ûСһĸԸأܲܰʵ֡
򴽣Ȼҡͷ
̾һⲻǽ˵ٰŸпնȥתתϣཻܶѣԼ
ϵЦīָؽҲʼף˵лл£ˣ˸űҲġһֱű£ҴҺԸ
⻰ˣԼʲôôͻôء
еȥ£ʣ֮дһ⹫ģ˽ûдͷƽдɡ
һ􏪼ûô˯ţʱһԪȻ糯Ҫغ棬ʽǳ¡ء
ѩһҹ̫󣬵ҲѩٹٵĴӵȥϽ죬ƺƵ˹
ѩֵԵİպͳǷǳ࣬Ƿ׷ͣʼҵ̶·Ӳһֱ˳ţն鶼ûϣˡ
ע⵽ٸﶼӣߵˣȥ𣿡
𣺡񣬵ȥģǳһ
üͷǰԼԪҪҪȥ㣬ͷˣԭķ̾ʢ
أֻص̫ȥ룬ڶ̫ϴİƽ֮°һң֮󣬲̫롣
һʵ˳вϳ飬Ϊ񲻺ϡҲΪǺϺ񷨵ģܼûʽǰȻҪȼΪҪ϶Ҫȡ
صУѾʵǳڳܣַ̫ʱ䡣
緹􏪴˯Ϣһ£Ϊû˯ʵ̫ˡƺһ˯ϰף˵һ˯һ㶼ǳ裬􏪲Ųô࣬͵Ҳп͵С
׼˯£⴫˹ɽأ
ѹˣϢ
ɽ˵Ŷˣ
􏪱˵һû˯ɡ
Ƭ̺󣬹ɽڵذϵϥ££ҹ佫ʿѲߵʱڽʮĴ󴬡
ӵűźãŶ˭˵ȥ
ɽ˵ץ˴һʣ˵Ǽµʳȥġ
һڴһ£ֱдץûУںִ̣Ȼ˽ʳˣͨѹʲôֱ𣿣
ɽ˵ʱûץճһɽر࣬óȻץˣɧҡѾýʿס˼µɽţúг
ãЦûĴУǵɫǲˣϱ㽫µץҲƺãǸˡ
ǰʵ۶ŷԷڰʢУǾһ⽨ҵΧкü⼦¡ϼ¡¡µȡ
ЩԺմĵӣҲܳ͢ԼյľǮ˴ء
ĴԺһҡԺ˲˰ģǳʳʩ֮⣬µľȫС
Щһͣвٺɽ¹լӣȢ檣һһ߳ž⣬ŷȫ
ҲǧټưԼĶ͵Ժȥɳ֣ʡ˵п˷ơ
􏪿ֱһڹײǹڵ£ɲͷˡ


146 Ԫ
Ҳ֪, ڱ㣬һãͿ
ùɽҪΪЩ, µĺв׼˽, סֺͼλºжɽ, ͵, ҪȥЩС
գƫټ˼µסַɺⷨʦͼλºСѩ쳣, ƫûеů, ̴ӱΧ˼̿裬ָŪ˸οյͭ¯, ůůͺ͵ģˡ
λûǸô, ÿһţвȡů豸
Ų²ΨǼ׺ñȽϻ, ɫëĵݰ, üĿ续, һ续߳ɡף, ػӻ֣ʦɡ
λϺ㷲ϯضмĺⷨʦ˫ֺʮӷл´֪ҹƶɮ, Ϊ£
􏪸治һ, 涼Ǹյǻ, ͻĸ׾ƽ۸׿ͼΪʼԺصҵ꣬˵ȥԺ㣬ټɮ¶й
􏪺һȲ裬Ƶ˵ʦּжꣿ
ⷨʦ΢㶣Ȼ˵ر»ƶɮױгңԺʮꡣ
Ǻʦ֪ɮ
£µǼڲɮΪǧİٶʮˡ
üŶҹȥȴһǧŰʮˣǶǧģ
ⷨʦ˫ֺʮüĿ£ĵһΪɮˣһΪδܽĵӡ
Ŀǰ͢δȫΧƹȡͷ˰Ҳ˵ǧ˲͵˰©˰ӱۺͱۡ
ЦЦԭʢӦʮοɡ
ⷨʦ˫ֺʮӷȫ汣ӡ
¶ڽЦݣʦ֪ΪҪ£
ⷨʦͷƶɮ֪
˵ϦҹѲ߶ڳϽػʮһÿҴʮغʦ֪
ⷨʦҡͷƶɮ֪
􏪽ϵֽһģָź⣺һ֪ӺʦףѲ¡Ǳ֪ʦɣǴؽΪֹ˽ʳʳԴǹµ֡ʳȥΪ뱾սĵй֮֡ͨǺôĵӣ
ⷨʦæؿͷˡƶɮȷ֪д£ƶɮδһнƶɮ֮ͽ
䣬ԵһͷڵأϢŭСɮһλɮ˵˵ִ˿ؼġءСɮŷЩʳȥȼü񡣡
üŶ˵޲ˡɼüʩʳΪҪǮأͬģԥӺݰһһͣǿάƣΪβ¿֣ȼüĪǾҳյְյĽ󣿡
ڵϿͷСɮ֪
һҰģʳҹŰɱҰūҺͬҴѪжǰͷ­ѪˣҰաûǣܹΣ㿴ǸЩʲôǾȻʳ͵оǳԱɱҰĽʿҰأǸõ
мжɪɪڵأ
ҧУΪˣȴɣﵱ
ŵÿӶˣͷ
􏪱һۣڴδɣ⣬ӡд㣡
л²ɱ֮
˶ڵأһ
􏪽˵ⷨʦΪһס֣ӵͨѴ̡ѸߣͨԷоͻ㲻׷ΡȻذܿ࣬Ҫնɣⷨʦʵǰغ뷨ɡ
˼һôУⷨʦȽϸߣ⴦ãҲﰭ£˼ȥƺЩȥ߸𷨱ȽϿףȴЩ˵ĺУҲߣڽƺˡ
ⷨʦڵϣƶɮּ
µ􏪲δţ˻ѺڴУ˵ȽԱ˻ȥնȥߡ
ûмŴµͨɮ²ȳһڡǻ𡷱д˼˽ͨйʳ뱾սһ¡
˼𶯣ͨпǼĻǰҲΪȱʳٸѾֹһγ󻧹Чʮޣ˱ߵİջӡ
Ȼ츣նŵļȴ˽صʳйȫǷŭһһǧɣ˺Ĺ
͢£û˼µ²ɢƵɮ£ֻ¶ɮ¡
ҳ͢û䲼µķ𷨹취ȫԺɮ¹ģó٣²ģóĳκ˲ԽԺҪٸͬ⡣
Ժһ볬ĳ޶߳ɹٸУɹԺУһƻᡣ
Щһ䲼ҾͶ֪􏪵̬ȣĲ̣ǲ
􏪿Ϣ죬ӳһʼæµ£ֿʼ̣ҲŪþƣߡ
ֱʮ壬ǿһ㡣
ʮԪڣпƷźӵƵϰףǵϰںϵĽգ׻Ϊϲ
ҵƽʱģΪ²̫ƽҹ׳©ϸоֻÿʮԪʮǲģŮٶԳҹΡ
ԪҲĻӣһ֪ҪɾͶټѻ
خûģԪȻҲпƷźӵƵϰף˿٣ڷخҲʢУ˽շΧҲеԶ
ַΧҲͷһظܣӰտʼСҼһſڶ˸ʽҲ˲ٵǺģԼҲƽһյƣ⺢ڣĵȥҫء
􏪽й壺ѲͲòˣѾŹɽˣҸỤȥ
ЩȻæżҲչעһ£˪岢⣬ֻǶԼĳ̫ԱԲҴӦ
Щ˼£ҲñİΣ
ЦŰڰ֣صģͻڣҲµġֻȥɡ
л£
úðջᰡ
ղڣҵǱһַʽеĵƽʡʡ˽Ҳǲʡġ
Ҳеĵƣʵ⽫ľյ÷˴Լʮ
˳԰շȲسţ􏪷ǵļ٣ǳ档ƽҲһȥˣȻлš
򲻽ȫ֮ųȥû֮ߣõҹ˵ƺҲû塣
ȫ֮ţеĻбг˪ƽá
ϵƻͨҵĵ涷ޣʵʤաȺҶʢװ磬Ϊ˸һһʢᡣ


147 ҹ
յ, 􏪾ЩˣΪֵ˳ˣӸ߲·
΢, ý, ڳϵȵö˯, ڲͷƿ, һ³߰ɣ˰ϻȥ
ԥһ£ɾ²̫׵
ûʲô׵, ô졣ӳ, ֳ˵ҷ
˪Ҳ
ĬΧ, Ǽм䡣ھڶˣض, ˸ֵƣҹҲǳ٣ֵС̯, ƵġʳġСġ, ӭŮԵ֬ˮ̯ۡ, ˣյġ
ҹεǻȺ˫, С֣룬ڸ׵ļ, ǣĸ׵, 쳣
􏪰ҲϹ, ʲôգҲδֹһ磬ȻŽз
һ̯һԴֲڵľͷߣ˼յƣ˵ȥźӵưɡ
ͻŵƣȥػӣӰ߶ǷźӵƵˡ
ֽһյӵƷŽˮУ􏪡ĸסһҡսӢĽʿ޹ȥİա
ҡҷǣ˳£ִ֪ܲܵȪ˰ȥŵ˵˼ףԸ
ӵƣ􏪶λ˵һеҪȥ𴦣ȥתתɡ
λﾡܲ˼ҲҾܾϾٺ˵ҲǻʵۣǸţҲҡ
􏪶˵˪ƹͰչˡ˵껹˼ۡ
¶мЦݣ
􏪽ߴϣ˫ֱڳţһڻ⣬Ҳи
􏪶ߣ˳һһ顣
·һƻͨĽֻż˿Ϊ֡
̧ͷڿĵƸƯ̲סʣʲôط
²֪ȥʡȥ˴
ȴʱһСʲôطƯ
ֻһ˵СӲҪǸǳ˵ħߡҪǧ˹ˣ棬ҲȲ㡣
һŮ˵ɲǣÿʮ嶼ҪöຢӡǰӴŮ棬ͰŮˣ˵ͱȥˡŮ˽һӿɲô
􏪱ڵһӵĶԻһСΣֱüͷ˪ƺҲǸż˳ȥ棬˹˹ݵġ
ʱˣ˵ɾôߵˣҺҡҸմˣֽ¥˹ݾۼء
ѾµˣŶһû˵ʲôȡ¥˹ݣؽҵûжЩΪЩǣϻݻǵһſŰε
ȥ·ϣע⵽һڣڴŵƻΨһƬڵϹģ߽ˣŷԭǾɻʹҵڡ
Դӻؽҵ󣬻û̲ס˼ۡ
ʣɾȥ𣿡
􏪰ڰ֣ǲˡӦûסɣ
˵еģвûꡣȵ۵Ǻλĺסء
׹֪ƽ۵ЩӻڣҲĳˣtĺӦöɣҪ⹬ǽйδҲ̫ˡһʥּЩӹ˶ųȥǸļޡ
ô䣬Щǵлȥһ£ʳţľ֮̿Ҳȱˡ˵
ǣɾһһ
صеʱ򣬳ȥ˶ûƽȻҲû􏪱ĥī֮дš
ճȥ˫ɶԵˣԼమһӣͲ֮˻Բ֮ҹҪа˰ߣǶô
ϧֻ֮˼ϣգԼźӵƵĻ֮
дţλһˣϵЦݣ֪ӦòӿԸýˡ롣
ֱҹȺ˲Żƽ˼Ѿ˯ˡ
СһȥˣǸ˲ٳԵģ˱Ϸˣ˺Զ·ƽԼߵõǲ࣬Ϊ˱
糯ʱ˽ҵ£ҹԪڣ޳ҹһں֣һ֮ò޿Ļϲʱ·ҵȫǵƻͨΨд˴ȡлסǧ빬ˡt⣬ĺֵഺ٣޴㽫ԸĺųȥǵļȥԸ˵ı㶼ż˰ɡ
ⷬõеİٹٶסˣûϸҪŮؽڣŮƳġοȻʵŮˣ˵ųȥͷųȥˣ
ſ˵ʲôһ˵壬Ϊ˾ơ
˵ԲȡԸʽǿǡ
˵£ҵĹ˷ųȥҲˣ̫ǷҲѡһŮʵˣ
􏪰ڰֹ֣̫ˣͲѡŮˡ
̧񣺡Ѷ¸ˡ
ͷۣôͶأ˵ԭϣ˵̤źͬţôܽѶ
ضݣ¾㲻ΪԼ룬ҲΪɽ룬󰲽ɽм̳˰󣡡
һȺݣ󣡡
֮ǺıһƻʵҲЩЩѡˣóûǼҵ͵ϾǵλȨƻ􏪱ˣŵѡ񡣿ϧ󣬴ӲҪŮƵģ˵źҪҲЩӣֱǶһġ
ýԼҵеĺˣԱû
􏪳ɨһȦֻϷʵԼЦʱжᣬͲλ޲ˡ
հĶŸһλˣżҼӭӡ
˼棬诹֣Сֶةϲġ
֣Ѳʲôة࣬ĪˡҲ֪˵ϲ´Ӻζ
˵ճ֮ϣ֪˵ʲôųҵе빬ˣԸټ޵ģԿɸĸټޡ
诼վ˻棿
˵ǧȷСֶܲôҪƭ
ȥ૵˵ǿԻˡ
¶صЦݣֶŮԻпٴεõʥϵĴء
诵ĺӶ˻
˵½˵ˣҵе빬˽Կ丸ĸأаŻޡСֶΪǱΪֶŮŵ룬̫кգ´ʢȴδκɣ˵ֶŮ
泤̾ҡͷ˵ǲϾ޹tǲԭġ
ҿδأҲǾ֮ˡǱ½ĨǻԵķҡ²ȢأֻҪⲻ䣬лġ
һϽ¶ЦֶԼǡлֶ֪ͷұȥн
􏪻֪ԼѾ˵ˣʱͥԺɢ경˪һ裬һƵƣڼ
˪佫һ޲ͭ¯ȡݸ􏪣½տҪܳ
􏪽ӹ¯ƺûС
ū澱ȸˡ˪乧˵
􏪿˪䣬ͻȻ˵˪ȵһȣл㡣
˪ڼǰ˵
􏪶˵߰ɡ
ˣЦŶ˪˵ʵһЩ˽£һʲô뷨


148 
˪Ķ䶼, ͷ˵
Ц˵Ϊʵɿ㣬޸ǴͻΣ
˪ȥл, ūΪ²ס
üΪΣ
˪Ȧū, ū澲䡣
ԣ̾˿, ȻԤϵһĸŮ˻᲻ԼĹȥ, ˵ûʲô䲻䣬ֻϲϲ
˪ڵϣҧҧ˵ū澲ϲ
􏪴㵵ؿ˪䣬ѵԼˣ治ϲ壿
š˪ͷûб£ūȸˡ
û˵˪ȴͷתȥȻ첽ȥ
վס􏪽ס˪, ߵǰ, ΢΢ͷѲۣ̾˿ʲô
˪ѸĨһ, ҡͷūûпޡ
ҡͷ޻ûϵۻ˪, ֪Ŀڲһǰ, ˵л, Բԣ
˪ҧ´û˵
˵Ҳǲ֪ĳԼ⣬㲻Ϊܿɹ𣿴һӶһˡ
˪һ۾˫ȫǰ;ū澲Ϊ۵㡣
̾Ϣ֪۵㣬ַǼѻأ
˪͵˫ۣԼܳΪѻ
˵ԹӢ۲ʳݣȴŮӸǲƽĳѡҲ֮ΪҪͷԼ㿴һˣȱ㣬ȴʱ̶˵㣬Լﲻı׼ȥ˳ЦˣһˣҲȱ㣬ȴֻ㣬Եһ˵ı׼Լ˵ڶ˿
˪ĬȻ
􏪽˵˵˭˵һϿ˵ȨڶˣǷ̫ԷƱûˡ
˪æ˵¾ˡ
һ㶣ȻЦˣ޸ִʵΪһʵۣǲϸġ㲻ҲûϵǶŬԼøã𣿡
˪صͷ
˵޾ֻǸĿܡܲȴ˪䣬ǸܸɵĹĪҪԼ
˪䳯һл³ޡ
лޡ£ؿǰɡΪԸԼһᡣ˵
ū澻ؿǵģū澸ˡ
􏪿źϵţ廹õЩˡ
Ź˳֮ǰȥһ˽ҵ̽˼λסڹе̫ɡ􏪵ĸǻʺ类Ϊ̫ӣ󹬵ɵҲûмģtĸҲǿͿģٱ湦λˡ
􏪶ԾƽԹԣҲûλ̫ɡ
ιǸƽˮһĽҵͶһʯӣܿ㲨󹬣˶֪ҵˡ
ɺ͹˽ﶼλĶ֮ǲҪ޽ҵסˣµ۰عôЩ˵ӾͲȫȻûͷ˰ɡ
ֻtɻֲ̿µҪǲǾҪΪˣΪǱ󹬵ĹȻʹȥõģ㰲ڹлй꣬ûõģҪΪᡣ
tûжӣΨԭһŮŮزˡֵĺʮʮȻֻгҵĽ֣һʮĻ껪˭Ըƹŷһأ
ûҵסʵЩ˵һһ֣tĺǶһ
Щ˲Ϊһ磬ļ˾Ϣʰöձܳˡ
˵˽ҵһѣȻ֪Ҳ棬Щл˻ġ
һ£ǲ˾ͽȻͬˣҲף㲻Ҳܸнļ˶ű¡
̽꼸λ̫ɣ˰䲼˷˳گһҵжʱȻ󲨣˶ϲڿԲǽԺˡ
ȡԸԭÿλĹ˶·ѣзңtҲԻȥޡ
ٴڽҵ˺ܴķ죬գǲ෹۴£˿µƣҲΪµƲƽùŮˣ˷ųҪѡ˰ɡ
һʱ䣬ڵı˱ޱæµ˼Ҷ㽫ԼŮϽ»£±ѡ빬У룬һü
ȻҲһЩ˲ż͵ԼҹŮѡ빬УҪܱʵѡΪɣһӾܼȮˡ
ǶԹ֪֪׵ٹٺҴ壬ǶͲԼŮܱѡ빬ء
ֻ˹ˣȴѡ빬һֲֻᡣٹһᣬԹҰٷϴΪɣʾһдӼ򣬲˷ѡ
ʵҲ࣬о֮ƽӣʮźţѾȫ㹻źǵҪЩСӣ׵Ĺ
ųûã􏪱һµʥּȫΧȡһ¥˹ݣȡһм
ȻȻ󲨣ԿһֱһЩ˼֮£лףû²ǷųˣҪͷеġȡˣʲô
ô¥Ůӣٸδã
ٸȻа취ڹʱһԸ⻹ҵĻңԸ˵İżˣԸ˵ģ㼯Ź
вܵĽţȥݳϷµı㰲Ž˼ʮӣʿҪ·Ь࣬ЩŮǻæء
ȡ¥˹˲ȻЩ¥˹ݵϰ壬Ҳû뵽􏪻ὫͷΪ¥˹ĸǴڵģǿ͸˳Էˮһ쾭塣
أϲּʵֶˡ
Щگͬʱ֮Žʿǹ忤忤λڳϣ볤жٶʶԣһʧأ㽫ʧȥϣֱ밲ݡ
һأʧرֻʱ⡣رأҪϧһдס忤
غ˰˵ˣ쳣ӭѹūϰ꣬ڵȵʦһЩ˼ʱ̲סĤ
ôˣͳѹǵĺȨ֪µ˶ٻأÿλ˻ʵۣҪһǵˣܽһҲҪܹεߵ̰ںУ˾Ͳˣǹߺū
֮콫ʿǹֵʱ򣬳ֵؾûʲôֹܵһεغ˵·Ͱ
ִ֮ʱԽԽ뾡ˣոΪذյʵǿ಻ԣֱͲ˹ӡ
һսüңֱΪɽسսȫӲֻسǳء
ָ֮ӽʿǿأûܹˣҲûܶι̵ĳǽɶˣܲأֻòȡΧǵ²ߡ
ͨ˵Χʡʡǿ˭ܺģͨسǵĺĲΧǵġ
Ϊʲô˵Χ²أΪкܶնǺˣһΧҲȱɱ˳伢ǳѾʲôˡ
Χ֮󣬳ڱ֮ĵؾʼյͷ­ӳ¥Ϊ屻ǳˡ
֮״ȻŭٴιǣΣζҪǹ
һΣӧΪȷ档սбʮӢ£ѾУξˡ
һֵʮӢ£ˣǵһ˳ǽڻ£иĽʿ˳ǽ
ؾԴԴϵӿϳǽɱ˰ҹʱ򣬽Ŵˡ
֮ʴǣڵ־չս˴̵ʱ֮δ֮ģɱɱˣΪǲĽģһŻɽһɻŵǹš
һһֱŽʱֱϤɱҲܲأ˽ˣҲ˻Բѡ


149 
һȻӮ, Ǵ쳣޴󡣽ݱؽҵ֮һʱٳΪҪƽԭսռ, Ҫѵһ֧ĶС
􏪵Ȼͬ, رѾصĳǳأ½ʿʦس, 
֮سʱǴůʱڡ
һ֮ڴ, ѾæһʱˡӽˮѾɷȫأȫ˰ѧҲҪѧˡ
ҵڴ˿ҲæÿտﲻǻһǣΪҪʼˡ
ȫظһǧʮ³һ֮ǰ½ִｨҵ
ѧȥ̫ѧǼǣٸһʳ޲ṩѧϰĳ
􏪽һķҲ˽ҵ˵Ƿ磬ҵһģҪȷخĴö࣬ǵȻݸܱȵġ
ݵĿҲڶѮִ˽ҵ˾Ϻ顣ʮ־ϲ, ϾкܶûмϺˡ
ٲһ, Ϻ㱨ݵ󣬶˵£Ҵ˴ιһ, һ, һ˼硣
΢ЦȻ, ͸дϺѾʮ, 뿪ʮ꣬δ뿪ݰ벽ٲ磬Ժ¾ҲûлˣǻȥҲûʶˡ
л£
ʣϺдһȻϺǻʱˣϢδĹ罭꣬ʥּȥǸһҲǸϼһ
˵ȫҰؽҲûϵˡ
ϺЦҡͷҵǶ԰ؽûִĸڣһԸȥТĸѹȥֻ꣬ǻȥһ¡ֵܽøԼڲڶ޹ؽҪ
􏪵ͷҲУؽ꣬ҵҲǲġ
ҾʹݰɣѾϰǱߵ򣬻߾ùġϺ˵
˼һ˵ҪǲҵҶû취ﾡТ
ϺŤͷŶӣ㲻õģûҺء²Ҳ˵Ůһ¾ȫңոµȫҺúñ£Ϊ¾һ
˼ͷ֪ˣ
Ц˵ϴ粻׹ͷ˼¸ɣʲôʱ򷽱㣬ͻȥףھǰҲһֻ񡣡˽ʱȫڼӣʱһ
˼л£
Ϻ־ϲ˼鿴ļҵĹˣ
˼֪ô˵Ц˭Ѿͷ
Ϻϲ˵áãѾͷãȫ·ˡ
˼Ƭ̣ǲҪȵλֳ˵
˵ʱ伪ͻˣĴ㡣ɽҲعܣаš
Ϻʮּǿѽû뵽˼鶼ܳˡ
԰͵ŵ游Ӱɡ􏪹Ц
ϺЦ˵áҳδԣȻȥ˼һȥ
ҵȻҪһȥ£Ҫ١˼˵
􏪰ڰ֣ȥɡ˻ȥ֪󲻻磬ҹеĵ
һ£ϴ磬ǸŮѧμӻ˰ɣ
Ϻ˵ˣµܲȷе㲻˵Ǹóɻˡ
ˣ
ʮˡ
ȻûףЩ⣬Ůͨʮͳˣʮδ׵ģµˡ
Ϻ˵ݳһλ̵ĶŮǳϻܱС˽ӣѧӡСлԼδڳǰⱩУҲ̫壬Ǩŭˣ˵Ů飬˷ΪԵʣŮһֱûҵżҡŮңһѧҵϣȥͷһβμӳԾͨˡ
ˣΪﻹҵʡ
Ϻ˵ǲͶҽùʹˣüˣҲȥ٣ԼеĻŮ
üʲô֣
գһӱ
Цˣӱ֣ӱѧũѧģԡӱرƫ
Ϻ˵Һò˵丸ĸ̧ǲͬСҵСΪһŮȻ󷽣мأʵŮӢܡ
ЦˣǲԽҵҪúûɸס׵ˣ
Ϻ˵ҵķᣬѾ·סˡ
뿪ǰͬɽһ£ʱȥһչ˵ΪɽڳܣȥձȽϷ㡣
á
뽫ӱΪ䷶֪ŮҲһ٣ֻӣһڹԺ֮С
³һڿʼԵص̫ѧ븮ѧ۵࣬㰲ڵһգĿı㰲³ԡ
֮Ծͳһ충ȥţ֯Ŀͳһľ
ԣ³ȽڣҵаսԳོ̤ΡյȽΪ֣ΪϿѧӣָջýŵȻҲҪú÷һ¡
Ҵڽۼһ֯ˮ
³֮Ҳ˹ߡŪų΢ᳵ˰ƽˣȻʮС
⼫Ϊģٻˣݺ裬Ŀ̣˷ɡ
ʱ󣬳вˣҲõĴ⡣
ڳϣ֮ˮֳ԰ĿԶ˿֮ڻ·ϰɣ֪ѾеȲˡ
Сһ̺ò˹̺ƵİڷźãɾȲˡ
􏪻عȺϤˣˣ˵ҲӦӹһأʫɡԴΪ⣬ÿдһף䣬ؾڴ֣ǴдķȾơ
Ҷ̫óʫһڱʫ䣬̬Ϊɹ
Ҳʫᱳʫδۺһ£ܾסҡ
һȺţȻԶЦ̲סǱ߿ȥԭһȺδȥڡ
һ˵£Щƺݵѧӣݿˡ
üŶôɣǱȥǰɡ
Ⱥȥ߽˲ŷ֣ԭһȺѧӽһᵽ˳ϣũҵҵ⣬Ҫҵòܵƹ㡣
վΧһ£󲿷˵Ĺ۵㻹ΪũҪ壬Ӧƣػ
ʱһ˵ĳͬλַŵ٣ҵҪȴݺӡǸŮ
̧ͷһ˵ĹһŮӡҲ⣬ΪλѧӵļҾ죬δῪڷԡ
Ůֳ񣺡ĳգϣһλԵĿ
⻰һڣ˶¶˼侪ȵı飬˾Ů
΢Цû뵽ӱϸ˿ӱǸߵŮӣٶƤƣ𪣬ȴӢ֮
ֻӱ˵֮ȻأʳԼڴˣũȡȻҵҲɻȱȣȱ죬ţȣȱǲҪ۾һ˷ܵޣôȡʳ빤ߡ֮վޣǱ㷢˽İ취һȡʳ࣬㻻빤ߣ֮ȻԭʼҵҵøΪЧҲԽԽáͨ͢ҵ˰λ֪һӯʮǮÿҪϽ͢˰գһǮ͢Ѿȡͷ˰ڼո͢ȴȫ˰ѧӡ¶԰ҪʮӣΪԱٺ»ǮӺζĳΪֻܴҵ


150 
ӱһ, ȫļš􏪴ͷߵ̴ӻǺͬҲ
ӱ󷽵س􏪵ķ΢΢һСŮһ׾ЦˡȻȥ
粵Ĺ۵㡣
Կһ, Щ´ĵ, Ȥת, ȥ㡣
ջصУ˽˹ɽؽ, ȥյλŮѧӣȥ̽ӹ
ɽͷȭÿһվȥ̽ӡ
ܺãǹڽҵסſɻģʡ
ɽ˵ƺ㰲ġ
ָڼ˵㣺Ըڽҵ𣿡
ɽϵıһϲֿܿסˣ΢΢̧ͷһ􏪣˵֪
΢΢һЦǺãޱһˡ
ּɽĻϲЩΪ
̫ѧԶУһصϴ˿Ų, ˿ƮһϮŮµʯϿһڵġǻ𡷱, һɫϹſĽűߡ
Ȼ䣬Ȼ֧ǰȣ̧ͷԺǽ⿴ȥ
һ, ⴫ˡõá, Ƭ̺ʧ, Ժű졣
Ůӱع, ֽʯϣߵűߣ˭
չǹɽ
ؽӱһϲϽԺţؽ
ɽûнţӱ˵ҾͲȥˣֻǹһ仰㣬չ׼һ¡ʱҹ㡣Ϊ졣
ӱʮ⣺Ҫң
ɽͷԡ£ˡ
ȵȣӱæΪҪң
ɽû˵ʵҵ֪Ӣƣ϶ҪΪչԲġ
󣬹ɽԸ˳ˡ
ã􏪱԰ˮнӴӱ֮⣬Ҳڡ
ӱˮ鿣ضݣѧӱݼ¡
泯תƽɡ
ӱ̧ͷ􏪣¶Ծı飺Ǳ£
΢΢һЦң
ӱͷճϣҲڽ̤ࡣ
􏪹Ц㵹Ǻüԡ
ӱϷϺƣѧԲһͨǵáڱǰ׳ˡ
׳ڣ˵úе􏪰ڰ֣Ȳ衣չǷҵģձ˻ɴһ
ӱæ˵ֻѧһ˽ڱǰд󡣡
º͵޷ġѾڹݽݹ̡ҵ˰ȫƹ㡣ɴҪ֣޾չʣƼչ
ŵؿ􏪣£˵ҪƼ˲ţû뵽Ǹﰡ͢ԱһˣԼҪһŮͬ
ӱҲԲ죬Ƭ̺˵£ûзء
΢΢һЦϲϰûйϵͨѡѧӣг˵ʸֻҪͬ⣬ܽ
ӱ۲תƬ̺˵лʶѧûϰѧԸԸ硣
􏪲ؿû˵ﻹͦҪǿ
һԵ̲סЦչӶθڣһٺʲˡչףһ˵£ŮԵ¡
ӱŤͷɴۿ˺γԣ
˵½ƶŮƽȣŮӽѧ顢μѡοԣǻܽٳǱΪŮԷΪء
ӱͷȻ̧ͷѧѾñµĿģǲǸʵ˵ŮԵĴ㹻ʤѡοԺͳ͢ˡѧûпȡѧԸȥһѧӷӣŮӡ
ЦƱʾͣչԼǣͨ͸ûۡˣȷŰɡ
ӱϹлΪŮһУѧŮ±ʾл
Ҳο֮ԭһӱվôǧǧӱվ
Ű֮󣬶Ҫڡǻ𡷱ϺúñһӱС
ӱ뿪ʱ򣬻ǹɽȥ͵ģʣͬչ˵ʲôˣ
ӱ˵ȥ
ɽϲʣӦ𣿡
ӱ˵ҪȷŰ֪ܿȡұǲܣұݡ
ɽЦ̣Ҫݣ
ӱͷš
ɽʣͲڽҵ𣿡
ӱ΢΢̾ûȡûɡݣܵŮӣԺŮμѡοԡ
ɽûٽӻ
³ˣǻԷŰӡ
ӱһȥ̫ѧȷŰ񣬵ȴ̫࣬һҲȺмվȺΣͬ鿴ûԼ֡
֮ѧһѷӵȥԼ֡
ɽ̫ѧſȺһ㿴̴ǵ죬΢΢Ц߹ȥչ
ӱŤͷؽ
ɽȺһۣѾȥ𣿡
ӱҡͷδͬȥˣȡ
ȥ㿴ɽ˵ű㳯Ⱥ˹ȥ
ֱӴİ񵥿𣬸տһۣˣЦӯӯӱ֣ϲչ׵ڶپʮ
ӱ¶ϲɫ棿
ʱҺͼλͬҲȺм˳ؽҲˣϲս㣬㿼ˣ֣پʮݾֻ¼ȡһ̫ˣ
ӱס죺̫ˣĿȡˣллأ˫ֺʮ˰ݡ
ɽǸ߸·˵һ㣺ϲչΪݳժ¥ԷףչС
ӱ۾Щʪ󣺡룬룬ôùؽƷѡ
û£ôҲٺ»Ľˣڽҵְͬ磬ǧҵҵȻҪ֮ꡣ߰ɣѾժ¥ˡժ¥һأƳ˽磬öѧӶﶩҲմմĹ⣬ζɽһֱŲ
ӱЦǱùؽƷˡ
ɽֶû¼ȡ˵ǴҲ١ݺҲܽٸȥӣǲ⣬һ¥껹ܼμѡοԡ
ҵνҾǳʶġٿ
Ҳ飺ԣԣǲμӿԾͺ֪ˡ
ɽЦɲȫǰһǧأķǳ˲ˡ
ӱһֱû˵Źɽһʮּ·˿ЩδҪԺܶİսЩڴһ㣬ǲ֪˵ĸһǲܻȥ̳мҵˡ
Ҳõ¼ȡߵ¼ȡҪԶϱߵģԺ¼ȡҲҪûܳͷˡ
ӱ¼ȡʱ̲סЦˣûֽţԸأǸѾͷֻ¼ȡһˣ֮أ̫Ǽʱܸġ
ӱ׻ˣ԰İŵȥˡӦһӦϾԼصĳڱĲ治ģŴҲŮ٣ΪŮԷ񣬼Ҫ֡
չɽعӱ£Ҫչھְô
􏪵ͷԡ޴ȥɴ¡
ɽЦ̫ˣ
􏪿ŹɽЦݣȻ飺ؽǷӱ
ɽһӺˣ̹ͦʵسˣǲ֪ǷѾлԼ
˵˵иһ£޿ҲǸĸ֮ûʲô顣ȥ̽һչ⣬ޱǴͻ飬ȫԼˡչ͵ý
ɽ˵ӱлԼʱĶ˰أΣʱȼϣǳȥʡ
˵ŬϣǶճɾ
ɽȥ֮̾˿૵˵֮ˣܿѽ
䣬ҪţȻ洫˼ٵĽŲӰδѵִὫɽ
һͣˣվײˣ棿
ŵϥڵϣ£Ὣˣʱڶɽ
ѹѹؿڣסֱģϽұҪȥ߽ˡл죬Ȼģ
ڳԷİƽ;һҲϽ¿ӣʦˣҪȥʦ
ǹ˶ͷڸɵĻڳԵķϳжӳȥӭӿ֮
ŵʱɫùϵĳΪҪӭӰʦسĽʿʱšϣʱƿȥ棬ܾ̫ˡ
􏪸ϵߵʱ֮Ѿ˴ڸ´Ľʿ
̴Ӵ¼ݵ
֮һ͵ػͷһӻһٳҲܶˣһ¹ڣ泯ķ򣬵ȳͣȣ􏪴֮ͷϥȥ£ҲȻˣ
æӳƿֲ첽ߵ֮ǰ˫˫ۣ֮
֮վǰ˼ǵˣֽס􏪵˫֣ɿл£
􏪾Ż̰ش֮ȷûˣƿߣŹһصĽʿǴ˵ڽʿƽˣ
ʿ𣺡Чұ£
⻰¶ԾȵЦݣûǡΪ񡱺ˣҪͷҲĸģ


151 
ȥ·, ϶һˣǾǻûȫļ
Ǵιս˺üʧѪ, Ӻ, ־ǿټ֮ϵǿð˰ɽΣǿ˾Ȼ
˵, ˡҲ񡣡
˵˵ʲôɵ, һҪúˣû¾ͺá, Ҷ쵣ˣҺ㻹š
Ǳְ̫ûˡ
ļ磺Ӣ£ǴҵӢۡ
ƽ;Ҷ˵ʦ, ҵӢۣ
ž, ¶Ц, ֣, ò, 㳤ôˡ
ס, ۿе㷢죬˵ʦ֣𣿡
뿪կӸյɳʱһֱǼչеʦֵ, 뼪ĸ, ˳, ͵ˡ
ҡͷû£Ѿõòˡʦ˵ѡοͨˣϲ㣡
Ҳ˼˵ֻͨ˳ԣû
˵㻹СԺеǻᡣʦֵܼҴӾ˼ҽģԺúø¡
ƽˣʦ֣һء
תƵƽϣĬĬƽԺ˫ȫţһ¡
ƽˣ͵ͷšҲҪ
􏪿żӣޱߵοãллǣǶҪúŬ
ţŬġƽصͷ
صУѾκ˷ˣ˲ˣּ˾ơ
􏪵ԴӼ֮ûȥԷʱȻҲڣ􏪵߾ûô뿪֮
극˸֮׼ϴˮҲרŵĵԡأȷخʷԡػƽʱҲãΪ̫˷ѣֻԡͰ衣֮صôһˮϴȥһĳƣ롣
ԡңźˣ˲Լͬرס˶Է֮ûͷûԵֱ£˼̽˹ѪС
˶ˮѾõ㣬ҵԼĺƴغžΥĿ
ϴеãǱ֮ȥģѾеˡ˲䣬ͻȻʲôôõ·ˣԼߡ
ֱ֮ս°ĶͷĦһ£𶯣ԶС
􏪵̧ͷð˺ӵ̲סԸеһͿ
֮ͷжֻʣ˱˴ˡ
ߵſڣſڵͷȭ£ƽҪԼȥ˯ɣ
􏪻عŶԡȥ˵ִ˴֮ţָָϣʾԼ
֣֮Ǿ鷳ȥƽ˵һɡ
ͷǣ˵һתȥ첽޹ȥʼնûۿˡ
С˵㻹ǰҷɡ
˿֮ʡ
˵ǵðƽˣС
֮˵޷˵
􏪵ɴ۾Ҫƽ˵ʲô
ߵ޹ſڣƽڳ􏪱ţϽ˹ôˣʦô㣿
֮˵СŤ˽ţұ
􏪣
ƽǵҪҪжʦԣʦֲڼңȥҽơ
֮˵޷ʦһǣСëϢͺˡ
һ°ƽԴû£ȥ˯ɡ
֮􏪽޹˷ŵ˴ϣƽ治Ҫ
˵ġõġ
֮˵Լȥ˯ɣչ
Ŷáƽͷȥˡ
ڽСһˣ̲סЦǵģαسѣջҪԲѡ
˴š֪ǵĹϵϰҲá֮Ҳ˴§ס􏪣Ѽ磬һĦ􏪵ļ
􏪿ϣ½󣺡ҿϵˡ
֮ץס֣ˣѾ𡣴в˵ģҲֻƤˡ
˵Ȼûϸ˵˵һͳ˧ôҲˣѵȥˣ
֮˵żҲҪսģ˵ΪֻһСˣ˴š
̾˿뵽ֻǶͷǳˬ֪жҪδ֣ôཫʿ
֮в˵ģҲΪٵˡû˶ԴǺǹӺݾ˾ǧ˶ޡ˵ˣͷȥʰǡ˵˵ǵĽɡ
􏪱㽲һ£Ϻˣ˼ˣɽˣ˴˴ΨһŮ
֮Ц˵Ǻðˡ
˵Ҳ֪ܲ˳ǹЩӡֻҪãұȫǡ
֮˵ɽĸ鶼䣬ֻʣˡ
ָ֮´Ҫ㻹ȰȰȥаɡ
֮۾һ˵Уҳո̸̸Щˣôû˵ʲô
Цҧһıӣ˵ʲô
֮ѹ£ʲôʲô˵ȥ
̣􏪾Ȼˡϳʱ򣬳ǶѾ˺һᡣ
ߵ⣬֮ͻȻյ˵˼仰􏪻ִ첲ϣŽһһǰŲ
˵ţ˵λõˣҹŤ˽ţжЩ㣬óˣҼ¡
˿ʱĳǵȻ˵ʲôϱϳѵҵżٸпԭġ֮ˣΪҲô٣
֮Ĳã˵бࡣ
㽫ԷŰˣȻ˵£ǷҪֱ£
˵żٸһ԰ɣԳ⣬Լ࿼һԱЩ˵δЩ̫׵ټһԱһ£Ӧܸ͹һЩ
˵ǳȥš
֮㱨һսֵսۼ۹͡˽ʿߵ£Щڻؾ;õۣʿǳôҵѪ뺹ˮ
Ļ㱨ͷ˵ὫԼǣʿǰͷ­ѪǸðͱáͰὫı׼ȥɡ
վ£˴ʿ޴ĿǰΪҵ˰ȥˡ
􏪵ͷ׼ࡣͷɰ佫ҵ˰ľ취׼
֮˵£գ˹֮ʱڣʱҪ󡣵˴սйĽʿнߵĸ𶼿˿ۣδ̫ʿǻ᲻ס
ᰮԼǡɰ䣬ûа취𣿡
˵취ҲûСµڵǻϣ°ŵ³أΪöֳŵʱˡ
⻰һ𾪳ãǶ׷˵Ǹ£ôֱ˾أҪô
һλ󳼳˵ɴˣ㵹˵ʲôϵ
˵ȻйءչУȻ˾أɸһЩأҪׯ԰̣ҪٸءǸԴ
ϵ˶ɫ˼ǣеضչУеģ
ͷǡ
ؾޱȣεУûĳʵۻԴҴ塣
üβУ


152 
˵е, Ǿ˽Թ˽ܹ
΢΢һЦѵû˵֮£Ī, ֮Ī˼ҵ, ѵǱµģ
һʱ⡢⡢ⲻһ, ȻǱµ, Ҳ˽²ף
˹˵˵˵, ҵǺδģ˭ģ¿չһǮ
ֱǺɴͲˡҼصʱ, Ҳδǻû½Ǯ, һǰڰ˸˰
˵Ի֮ΪҲ, ккģ޺޺ġ޺, űаޣ޲ΪѡѡҪ, °սк˰ղк, ̫ܿƽʢ˾֮, ᲻ɣѵֱ֧𣿡
˵һʱ, ֪ôӻҪǲԸ, Ǿǲ֧, ҪԸ, ûյľҵذ, ֻתͷȥ
ﳼһ, һҲƣӵѵֻʵҪ̫ƽʢҪǼľӪȫûգﶼ˵ͨǿʲôֱ𣿵Ǹָʵǿ
һλϳ񣺡£ΪɴǷǣ¸ϵش򲻿ʾ˼
˶˵˼
􏪿һأ巽ǵòˣû뵽ڳ˵ķӦȷʵŻ󳼡
ףޱ꣬Թаռࡣһ꣬ȻһСĶӡް¾ģгһյϴ󱦣Ϊ°շɰԷǼ٣ѶҲ˸öֳŵʱˡ
޲֣Ѿ˹ˣ˼¿˾˻ᶯҡ֮ʱֶ
üŶˣԸꡣ
ڵأ£³ȻȵйҪһŽеʱ򣬱ʱأֻẮ˳днǵġ
˼ͺˣ˵ײأͻᶯҡЩġ
֮Ц˱Ҹ˽н죿
ⲻҽӻ
֮˵н֪˾Ϊ˸˵ĽʿǷֻ˫޳ɡ
΢΢һЦΪ֮ǳдн죬λͬ
˵ͬΪ֮ްҲλˡ
⻰̲סֱۣ
ŤͷŷԼ˵ӴӴ޴Թˣ
ס죬Ϊ֪ô粵
˵ɰԼǡλ޵Ź֮޵ȷ벻ҵĸȻΪԻߣҲߣˮҲˮۣˮۡΪߣܲӰ˼ΣһҾôգѾͳҲˣλϸڣɻⶨϸڡڰ仹뽨ߣԿ飬޻úÿǵġ
˳ֱ􏪺֮뿪Ĵ󳼶û˶˦˦ӣľһĳǳһЦλˣô߰
ع̾˿ɴˣǱµ˼˼
˵ҪôҪǣҪɾһΰҵ˸˱ôã᲻µĺ֮־ɣ
ĬȻãԴ􏪵֮֮á֪ţо٣ȷʵΰ֮ʡ
û뵽􏪵Ĳȫϣ˵뷨ȫ벻Ȼȫվǰ֮£ѵΪ˼Եʣ
ֱҶ֣Ͳĸݴʷ췴
˵λˣʲôý飬ĳɣǲᣬĳֱˡ
վ˵ɴ˺󷽣ҵȵͲⱨӦ𣿡
ݸ˫һ̯һ˳ԱȫҲ治ⱨӦ
еĳŭĿԲҲĪκΡЩ󳼣ǺѡĹԱҲ˭˼ûټʮϰĶء
ΨǸ࣬ûһĶأլǱʹ͵ģѵĽԼٺ»أ;ͷȥҲѹô˲֮¡
ڰ֣λ飬ĳиˣҪȥʿǳＯأǲҲ֪׹ģ˵걳֣һҡˡ
˶ıӰҪճɱˣѾϺüˡ
􏪺֮˴Լͬͷһۣ̾ϢˣҪ
֮˵ôûǰ˵𣬾ôͻȻˣ
˵Ҳ֪Ҫ£ʱò˵ġ
֮룺ʱȷáصԴͷΪ˸˽ʿǳＯؾȥнʿҲֵܷءҪ£Ǿ°ΪУонʿΪС
Цܰˡ̫ף˵طϣΥ֮ˡ
֮˵Ҵʮسɹֻ²ô׽³ҾóˣǽҲǻа취ЩŪصԼϡ
˵Ժؽֹ˽תãÿһЩͷСΧ·һΡİɣа취ġ
Ǳáֻܾ㻤֮Ц
ݸֱţڣҵˡ
һڳ󣬳иҵķӦһĥǲҪץʱأض֣ڹУΪ²̫ţΪûֹ¡
أҲӰ첻ͨգϾصİжأҲԲҴİ
պ˵ԡĿģǹھصģÿ̸ԼὨ顣
һһʵ⣬迼ȥоصĹԱδһľܲĵطǿ
ԵĿǿˣΪ⼸տҲһЩشţҲ˴һ۹αѱ档û뵽ԾȻ⣬ͦģӳ͢Ҫˡ
ٷԾ􏪺֮ģٽһ֮ǰĳɼۺһ£·Űа߱Ϊʿ
ǰλб䶯ӱɶپʮ˶ʮﻹͦģСطĹд˵ȼʶ
յӱȥµĽʿȥ
õʿ¼ʱеΥʲôζˣΪ½ʿ඼ŵݿȥй١
ոմӿûйĶˣȥ˵ƹ٣ǹΪǻΪԼ
ŭЦǲ˰ɣôģû뵽ǻôɡ
֮˵ôЩˡҵǾȥҲУÿ˶ϼʮʿɡ
􏪿֮̾ðɣ˵İ졣


153 
֪, صĹ̲˳ȵ漯ŵĵ⣬ֻ֧ݴЩ, ԼûлȨĵײա
ӹݴԱ, һȵߣ, ǸԼ, ֲ֧Ź֡
˵, ȱһͬĿ, Ҳȱͳһ˼, Щȵߵ˼̫ˡʱڡǻ𡷱ϱԼ, Ⲣܵжأ治˵
ȡȨЩȵߣһҪ, ΪͨδлȨ, ̫ˡ
ϣ¿ƽʿܹԼĿģȥúøɡĿǰμѡοԵҲЩײӵ, ЩҲǼȵߣͿȡˡ
􏪾Щƹȥ֮ǰ˼, Ȼܱ֤˶٣Ӧǿ˵һЩˡ
ЩһֱⶩƵľ³, ÿնҪ􏪴ϸڣÿ춼Ҫæҹ
æҹ􏪿˿ɳ©Ѿ˺ʱУ˵סڹ, ʡر
¶صЦݣ, ҵûȥÿϻȥкϷء
ʣʲôϷ
ٺЦԴǾ, ÿնҸϰݷá
ʲô􏪺ʡ
Щյ£ǹھƵġݵӸϵֹͣģҲ߳Ķײ㲻ضϽҡ֮ܶǲ֧־ơ
Ц˵Ȱ´ͷ˸ｨ飬˻¸ܲܽǼһȥġѾǱ¸ǰˣصҹߡҲˣǺЦ
ЦҡͷΪΪˣµôˣҪ㻹ǱˣæôҪȥӦЩˣ۰
˸ãһͦϲǵĪκεӡ
һԵ֮üҪôڹס£Ҫô£ⱻ˱
վҴˣ¡£ˡ
֮й壺һ˻ɴ˻ȥ
ˡ
֮Ц㿼ǵܵ
֮ߵļ磬ɹǣ¸̫ˡ˵⼸ϰݷõҲ٣ȥʲô
룺Ȱң⼸մδ¡
֮˵ҲȫȰҿ̽ڷ̬ȵӦò١
ͷ֮˼ǣ
֮£ԾƵʵ̬ʲô֧𣿡
ƫԴ룺ûзԹ
ߵأ֮ʡ
򴽣˼ǣߵ˻ᷴԾ
֮˵ǵ˶һ׾͸һɵģү˲һЩӦõˡǲԸⱻû
􏪿֮˼ǰܻᷴ
֮˵ҲһҪһߥأ
֪˵ʲôã૵˵ҪҲδ̫ˡǰûʲô飬ЩҲˣΨһֵܰ
֮˵վڳϹķɡ˵ҵһû޶˵ܿԡҵˣ˰Ҳˡ
􏪺ĶԲߣũҵʵоƣսֻ͢ũҵ˰άӪҪٽҵչ
ЩҴʧȥ˴أҪάϵյ׼ǺˣΪ׷棬ЩҲȥ̣һôõ
͢ҪעģǶʱгļලʱ¢ϡۡǷӪ
􏪵ͷţվ͹ҲһɣٸЩҴһ·
֮ԴˣҲæһˣȥ˯ɡ
ͷ֮ϣʵۿ治õһģۡ
֮ͷһ£ˡ
􏪷ס֮Ĳӣ˵ϣЩɼȻæҲ̫˾ɥˡ
ģ϶еġ֮ıǼ⣬쵽ϥ䴦˱
գڳʽƵķ
ؽչУɽũ֡ذ˾䣬ֻиȨûȨܽ˽˸֡
˽Կɿɽɽ֣пɻõعٸͭοڳ͢ҪԴ˽Ȩɣֻܹٸɡѷɽ֣òӦ硣
լȨɹУз˽У˲ռӿڷֵõլٽ򵱵عٸլء
ڱھϣԪʽЧ
꣬ϵĴһ¶޿ı飬ȫת˰
􏪿ŵ»ͷĴ󳼣Ц˵͢Ϊҵλ󳼶Դ˿ʲôԳԡ
Թʿụ̃ҵĵλΪµģΪε£ȻǵȨѹĽΪŴũҵЧʵ£ͣ΢ҵ죬һƣͶҵбũߣʳ٣Ӱ޷ս
ԵᵽʱЩǺܶ඼ɵġ
Ͻ磺³˵̲ͬһſеҵѭ򽥽̺ŵ͵𲽷š
ҲõģҵģҪԿƣٲܸũҵ
ȻѾӽʳ˲٣Ҳһֱڹд췢ЧߣũҵЧʣͷųͶ֮ǰʼնСũãЧ̫¡
֮Ҳ˵ΪҵбҪģخҵͷչ൱
һЩ˼ĳȻʶһᣬʧȥأôֲͨʧάִ֧
³֮˵ЩƺԾƲϰ
Ц̯̯֣ᶼṩˣҪץסҲû취
ûнֹдأҵչĳʼ׶ΣҪƵģʹ˻ԣƶȣҪġ
ƼȻѾȷ͸ˡ
ʿ˶ʮھְ⣬µĽԱݿȥоơ
֮ǰԸȥٶʿ˼ΣʵҲ㲻ϿΣ죬һԼι˼룬ϣЩʿҲܹߵĿ꣬һһΰҵ
ҵ˵ιƽߵ롣ˣδܵʵʴôɷǳᶨһҶѪ
􏪶ԴҵķӦǳ⣬ܽΣ٣һЩӵߵġ
ʵ􏪵͹ԼӰЩֽͷβ˵˵ĴУڰĿеĵλǼߵģ˶֪ǸɫʵˣΪ˴ıҲһλɶõ
ʲôȻǵҵ
͢ľƷȻеð˶óڽǰδеıҪģǽȥɹʷ
µףеľƹٴӽҵȥȫƹƣеĻг͢䱸ĽʿЩʿȥƹǵİȫġ
ΨһĽʿӱ˻Ϻ㱻ίΪƹ٣ȥоơ


154 ճ
һ, ֮˹ţ˰ƽŶȥ, һȺ
Ѯ, ѧӶż٣һ̤, Ҫȥׯׯڡ
ԹŻʵ۶ׯ, ʳ߹ʹáȤʵֵ, ˮӽ, ׯﰴҪһЩӽˮһЩص, Ūӽ, ׷ߵĲ͸ʵˮ
֮ǰŰƽעһֱ, ˤɾ, 㡣
ŤͷһЦҺ˰
ƽʱҪ, ΪãҲûɶ, ȥһ¡
Դ˵Ծ֮󣬳͢ǶϷԾ, ҵڽ̺ѾˣҴȥģſء
һ·ϻвװޡ
ƽǳ˷ܣʦʲôʱҲѾˡ
֮ͷŻһ˷ܵСһ㻹̫С, ٵʦɡ
ƽһʧػͷŸںľңҪʦôҲ̫, Ҫüء
ûл, ڽҵ飬˵´ٿҪ״Ԫ􏪵Ȼ༸ϤߣߴʤĸоҪһЩ
ǰ˵ԼϽ˵ʲô
ƽ˵Ҳʦ
һģ˵ǲУƽʱڹһ͵ˡٳһɣѹˤС
ƽ˵ҹѾܺˣǶ򲻹ң
һЦǲǴ򲻹㣬ǲô㣬ҲҴ㡣
ƽ죺Ҳô˵ҡ
ЦŰο϶ȵһ㹦ûС
ƽ˵һҪúñ
̧֮СһԴ⻹࣬û㡣
ģˮѾ˺磬Ƽ㣬﹡ߵϵĻƶɫСҰ涷ޣһ׵Ĵ⡣
泩̲ס˼µĿȻǴȻ˸оĿ
˳ǣһ·Сĳ۵޵ÿֱýʵҰݣҲˮŢ
􏪶·⣬Ҫȫ·ͺˣǸ·Ҫࡣͷ²һ£ܲƳˮҪˮ࣬ˮ·͸Чˡ
ȥׯ֪ͨˣһǱߣ±ׯŹӭӡ
ûΪׯر󣬽ȥҪߺһ·˵ɣ޲˵ˣ¹ô
ֱӽׯΧмĵأר˸֡վƵĹأׯȻҲھֵķΧ֮ڣԼҲֵܾĶټ֮ƽԼеˣׯӾû»ֱ֣ӻ鵽ˡ
ׯ԰Ҳһﶼׯũؼ
Ϊǻׯׯﶼϵ÷ǳģûӲݣ􏪿÷ǳ⡣
ŰƽȥҰ䣬ʶũںׯʮ־ȣʵ۱¾ȻؽЩһһ˵ͷҰ˵һ
Ҫ֪ׯһЩ̫ϤΪǴӹݴӣҪֵġȥǼĳ˲ٿ࣬
􏪻Űƽȥֲˣη֣Ŀ꣬ԼһСء
ƽú棬ɵú𾢣׻Сûɶþͷ󺹣Ҳͷĥˮݡ
ͣǰˮݣ˿𣿡
ƽͷţˮˡ
˵Ҫˡֲû𶹡
ƽ˵ƽӺ׿޵ġ
ܺáͷһͷϵĺũ۲ۣ
ۡ
˵֪ũж˰ɣÿһʳÿһòˣũ񲮲ֳģ֪˶ٺԺҪҪ˷ʳ
ƽҡͷ˷ˡ
οЦˣСԴԡ֣꣬ڵɻͼܳԱ´ǵҲܹзԣ´㻹ոʧءƽ¡䣬ΰˣңҲʦǧǧżĬĬŵİաƽ𣿡
ƽƶǶգգۣ˼ǣҪƴգ
صͷԣҪƴƽգǳɾǡ
ƽ۾ģѹַ˵Ǹûʵۡ
һ㶣ȻЦô˵𣿡
ƽͷš˵д֮ˣΪѡܣ̫ܿƽʢӻ˵ʱ˵ˣΪǵĶӡ
֮һֱЦԴЦƨ
ƽͷʦûƨ˵Ķġѵ㲻ôΪ𣿡
֮˵˵úе˵ȴ㡣
ƽʣ˭
֮˵ֻǿЦ۾·ѹӣҪĻҪ˵˵ˣѵ֮
΢΢ƨϽֲˡ
أˡһһС˶ˬشӦ
֮˵ƽȥЪš
֮İ£һصĻƹָżûƹ԰ƽ˵ƽ㷭ģ⼸ûƹģԺ˹ͽרŸԡ
ϲԻƹˡƽæƣһ£۵õͣɵЦллʦҡ
ׯ÷ԵĶЩʲߣׯֵˣӺڳź⣬ļ㡣
æµһ磬ҵθڶܺãÿٳ뷹
극􏪴Сһ£۷عϢȻ£ׯ԰
˵˭Żװһ£˶ݣҲ࣬ܳУӻǱע⵽ˡ
̴˵˵նţж诡
һ㶣˵һ𣿡
̴˵͡
ɡ
̴ת뿪֮üͷһͷʲô
ҡͷ֪żұȣûȥǵ鷳ͲˣȻԼ
ã˺һ̴Ӳһ̬ӵ߽˴诱¹ȲΡΡسϹȥμ£
û˵ŹɡЩҴ壬˻ʵ۶ǲ¹ģǼ˾ƽҲ¹Լȴ¹⡣
ʲôѶŹˣؾգæҲûʱȥϰݻᡣ˵䵭Ŀ׻
ûֻǹڵϣֱһֱ£ˡ
ЦʣŹ֮У
һʱ֪˵ֻ˵ϲصǴ󱦣
˵Σ˭ʲӻʵۣ۵硣
֮ؿ¶ֳЦݡ
诲֪νӻ
˵ŹңлҪ˵ʲôֱ˵ɡ
ٴΰݷȥձ뿪ҵȥݺʼδŻؾˮûܵµֻƬʼղͬ䡣tǻּ빬΢ᣬ޷ֻּǸסһУԷҵȱ⣬ˡ
ɵ̾ϢȻȥҲ컯ŪˣͲ˰ɡȻɼ֮˵
诹ſǶʼռǹұ£ҲȲѣڹǽ֮Уϴ棬tӶ䡣
tѾˣѾȥǺǡ􏪶ԶҲͬ飬ⶼǳ֥ùӵˣ˵ʲôûȥҶżҵ鷳
ؼ֮ѻ˼ǳɼϢ٣ΨһԸ¹Ŀʫ塣˵Ŵͳһ˫
ԣ۾ⶼʲô¶


155 ̬
һԵ֮ڵøƵ, ѵӣ϶ڵϡҪ۵ɱѪ
, Ťͷȥ֮, ֮Ҳڿ¶εĿЦ֮ü, 诵ķһͷ, ʾ̬
􏪿˵ɶС㴹, Ѿֻ֪Ե̫ǳ, ʫ廹ǲˡŹȥȰȰ, һ, ǰҪܻڹȥС, δкó·Ҫء
, žǶ, ͷһ仰û˵
֮, ֿ􏪣ҲεؿԼ
֮ڿ˿ڣŹ, ֶСѡΪŮӣ¶ɼֻͬС㲢ûٵһùޣtǻ֮ˡt⣬Ҳػ, ˡ
􏪿֮, ¶мЦ, Զ˵С׿ԺίʵϧԸ⣬ɳһ£ѧӷδɡ
⻰ͫ׶ˣ̧ͷŵؿ􏪣Ůӣ
֮˵Ů಻ʲôϡ¡͢ѡοԾ¼ȡһŮʿڻְҳѡܣŮŮҲǾ͸ùڼӵģвܿ¡
Ѿ뿪ã˳ж֪ͼΣڸĸͻƣ˺ܶഴ١û뵽ŮΪ٣ֱ̫ˡ
󲻳ԼŮͷ¶ӣͷã˵л㡣
Щ룬̧첲ӵǰ˸Ƿ˵Źɻ£ǴͿˡ
诸Ͻ˵ʵо䷨Եȫֻ֧֡ҿĶ࣬ЩĶάϵ棬ӱһͣһ̺š
Ȼ²ԭΪ̺Ŷ̺ŹΡ
˵ŹѿڣȻӣͷû̺ţŹʱǵȥȡǡ
诵ͷл£ȻڵϵĹȣվΡΡسȥ
􏪺֮ţҲûȥôĿתȥ
Ӱʧ֮˵Ҳöعˡ
˵˯ߣ
˯ˣͷ֪ȥи֪٣̫ȥȫɫ磬ǸϽȥ֮˵
Σֻ˸վ
֮һѣ˵˵ͷԶ׷Ϊ˸Ů飿
̲סͷбԴ
֮գգۣΪԴף
֣Ǽʡ
֮ü⵹ûУûѶСҪδˣһֱֹУ㲻ޣһҪһ£ΪԼҪȢʲôüʵģֻǾЩ컯Ū˰
̾Ϣ԰컯Ūˡû뵽żҾҲҪ̺ţ̺źôʵҪò̺ţԳóֲơ
֮˵֪ǲ᣿Ϊʹǳġ
·˿֮·Ҫƽ£ͨ·˿֮·ʱ½˿·һʢǲŽó١
ֻⱱ߼ȨôöԸ֪ʵĺƽľ
诽􏪣ʵĿĲΪҪ̺ţ̽􏪶Զ̬ȡ
ӹзŻΪΪ˷Ů빬ءȻ˼¶ûʲôֻ̽Ϣû뵽􏪶ԶȫȻûаϧǵĲ²Ǵġ
Ϊ˲ֶ飬读Ҫ˸̺šȻңԾΪĩм˵ûأżҲڳΪ٣ټ壬ܲܿǼĶά֣ҲΪżҽɡ
􏪻صУڵˣ棬ʣȥ˻ׯ
һϴ֣һߴ𣺡԰ƽȥһũ
˵ͦãҽִеġ
􏪲ͣҪȥ
˵ȥӺѵ
˵ȥӺѵ֮ȥԥѵ𣿡
˵ȥɡһҪ־һսұԱ
⻰ɵ̾޶֮Ĵ̫ˣʼ𣺡ȥˣ
ҧ߬ȭͷ˵ǵ߸ͷһδΪǱһҪɱ
˵ǳ¡Ҳжʮ˰ɣ
̧ͷ
􏪲֣ϯضһչ̫¶ûȢһλӣ
Ĳֻ˼˵ңԼʺûȢȢ
Цûлʺԭѵ֪Ҳʺ󣬵ҲǶһˡ
ȻҲ֪֮ϵģֵܶղûƹջͷһ£ѵҪк󣿡
˵ǲҲûʲô뽫¹ٷ֮֮ĹϵֻᱻΪһξѻ֮Ϊ֮еĹȥӲΪڸ³ŲҪ֮մ۵㡣
ǧֻΪὫһˣ
Цüкβɣ
ͷҶὫλȨأҲﲻ𡣡
бòΪΪ˽ɽȲѲŸɣ
̧̧üëû˵̬ԾϿ􏪵˵
Цҡͷ㻹ǲңɽȷʵҪ֮ҾӪıңŰյгɾ͸УҳеΣȥ֮һ֣ûǲģҲһɽ𢣬ϲ˷ʹ˷ֵʹҲһЩ
̾˿һԵ
˵Բ㲻ܻڻںУкʵŮӣҲóˡ
û⣺֣㻹ȥѵɡ
˵֮ͬһ£ô˵
֮˵Ҫȥѵԥ˵ȥɡ
̬ȺܼҪԼȥ
ǾҺһȥ֮ǲԸ⽫ġ
еܣŻãҪȥȥԥݣǱ߽ˣҲҪһЩ
ɽ˵֮ҪȥϽʾὫȥɣڳǸء
֮ЦڹϣҪߣϱȢȢˣ
ɽѾӱļӱҲûоܾΪҪøĸͬУдһţµȥ˵ˣϣĸܹӦ
ɽĿǰڵӱĸ̬ȣԸ뿪Ȼ᲻֮뿪Ҳܲɽ¡
ӱڻŰ±ٳҵרŹ̺šҵ˰׼ƶȡѾͷܸɣҲǳ˽⣬ôսԵĸλɵɫ
ɽӱһֱڵݵţȥӱĸĸ


156 
Ϸ򸾿ʮӱôŮŮ, ǶŮԼ䱦Сͺܽ, һ, ˽ѧӣͬȥμѡοԡ
û뵽һ, Ȼͨ˳, ҪȥǲμӻԡոĸһΪŮе, һֲŮȥμӻ, Ϊʵ̫Զ, Ҫͷ¶, Ůѵܰ𣬳綼Ҫӵġ
ӱǰͷм㶼û, ûδ, 㴫Ӳ˷, һֱûҵŵԵ˼ҡռҸĸڻһҺʵ׸ưŮĺ
˭볯͢ʥּ, ʵԵҪӱȥǲμӻԡ
һȥʵڻˡ
ռû, һȻŮ٣ռҸĸһǾй⣬ԽԽԤڡ
Ҫǣӱ˻ʵҪΪͻ顣Ǿζ, ԭõŮ, Ůܻؼ, ҪΥԼˡ
ռҶϻ𼱻ǵش˱ϵ̴ǡ
ӱȻǸ˵ģĸ׵״̬ãΪδĥ˺Щӣʮ㲡
ӱϽ򷢼ȥ˸ճţ˴Ĺɽ
ɽæдкؽˡ
ɽʣС𣿡
ѹ˵ڡҼүˣء
ɽһǺʱģ
˵յûáδ岻ãСȥ򡣡
ɽæ˵ȥ룬Ȼȥɡ˵ַתͷȥ̫ҽδĸˣȻҪɿΡ
ɽ̫ܵҽ˼顣ſڽӭȥС㣬ؽˡ
ӱ㸸ĸ˵⻰ʱЩţϽˣɽϽǰǰѹôˣŸĸء
Դ˹٣ӱһСŮ̬÷ǳأһûбƷҲڸŮĽΡ
ɽʩôƯ˵ˣҴ̫ҽƲ
ӱ˼飬ô̫ҽ
˼ٺЦűȭҾմ˴С˼飬ͬ硣
ӱһ׹Ǳ´ݴˣʱ˵̫ҽ˼ˣĸƿȻҪˣԹͨû⡣
ӱ˽ݣĸܣףλǹɽؽæ̫ҽҽٸƲ̫ҽרŸʵƲģء
ɽʮֽţرȭҾүշˡ
ոĸͷϽŤͷȥɽΪŮղž˵ʵҪһλָ顣ֻͦΣӢˣ˾һڽеı˵һ˲ţѹŮԸ⡣
ո˵δ֪մ
ɽϽ˵չɽ
ԭǹؽˡո˵
˼ǣүȸշƲɡ
Ŷáովߵλø˼飬һֱɽ
˼ĸֿ̦˵󰭣ֻˮʳɣƢθЩҿҩһ¾ͺˡ
ҩɽ˵ȥշץҩ˳˼ȥ
ӱҲû½ȥУЩΣҲ֪˵ʲôã뿪ĸѾˡ
ɽˣĸŮϸͻľλؽ
ӱ¶СŮĽ̬֮˵ͷ
ոʣﶼʲô
ӱ㿪ʼ˵˹ɽϷ˵ɽǸ¶ûκˣǷģζŽŮݲżҵɡ
Ϸ򸾶ԹɽģΨһ鷳ҪһǸŮ˻ԼĻƣٲҪһ¶Է
ɽߵֽȻӱĸˣǾץʱɡ
Լ£ЦðΪǴͻ飬Ǿӽ°˰ɡȺˣܳɼˡ
ɽϲ̵ˣ􏪶ԸԼ۵˪˵˪䣬ɽҪˣʲôʱװҲһװɡ
˪ɺ죺£ؽҺθɣ
ЦôûиϵǹɽĴ磬Ҫˣôȵܵܳ٣ˣһдݻ飬ǶϽѻ²ٰ˰ɡ
˪ͷҧŴû˵岢ûи飬ֻԱԼĳҲǼ⣬ĻǶҡˡ
ݻ飬ãż˼˵˭׵ģҸɴҲǴͻ˰ɡ
˼бżʦ֣ˡ
Ϻȥ֮ǰͶˣֻǻδΪҪȳס
ɽѾȥˣ֪ɶʱܻҲ֪ɶʱܳף߲ǿԴһߵġ
εؿ˼飺ҪǱҺʹˣȳװɣǲҪġ
˼˵ʹã̫Ϲˡ˵㲻ֳʦ֣Ӧȳףǲܳס
εһҲ֪ʲôʱܳףǲһֱȥҾҲؾʲô˳򣬱¿϶ҲôΪġ
˵ԣҾҲ޹ؽҪǿԽҳף˭ҲûΪûǾͲװ
˼ͷ˵ƺҲٺ١
ЦǾ׼װɡȥھǰ죿
˼룺£һݳװɣˣаɳĻǡ
̾˿Ҳɳˡȥɡ
˼˵ţڳףҲõȴֻҲ⼸¡
ͷҲá
˼ˣʼһʲôĹҸңҸҹΣ
ҡͷл£ʱãȴֳ׺˵ɡ
􏪿Ǻãֳˣһ¡ʵһǱȽϳɽӱȶס˼ҵǧСͷ¶ģҲûʶҲûлʺ󣬲֪ļҵĹŮãﲻ̫æ
ôຢУ˰ƽ􏪶ԼΪصģһֱԼߣ͸Լĵܵһ
⺢ӴС࣬ȻиֳҲָ̫ϣҲģСȱĹذǻϣܹȢһޣһůļҡ
˵£ûȢʲôǧС㣬Ҳ䲻ϡ
ü˭˵Ǽ䲻ˣôѾǻǰ;䲻˭ǧ𣿡
һЦ±ȡЦˣû£Ժ˵ɡ
ðɣԵɺϣǵŮӣǧҪᣬǵ¸һ㣬ء
л£
˼գСʹ􏪣ȻҲͻġ􏪺⣬ҲܾϲЩСỹ֪ڲ
ֻǹĹﻹ̫ˣݴĺͶСˣкü˸óɼҵͣնڹ£ҲûȥӴңģЩӾͶõˡûЩȥ̣Ҳ̫˵ˣȻҲҪǰ¡
ҪӹһŮɣһЩҲŮɣЬЩǾһ˵ܻڲ
􏪷Լ͸ĸƵģﺢӵĻ¶ҪġҲգ͵ǹ֮ĵɡ
Ůһ²ûڳֻ˽¸ˣΪ¡
û뵽һᣬҵڵҴ嶼ɧҪѡˣǵĻˣǶ̶֮ڣλ˼ҵż̤ˣȫйϵԼŮġ
ҲΪѣϾ˵ˣֻһЩδŮ빬ҪֹһģֽܸɻģԾǹŮ
Щйϵ˵ˣ˼ҾǲţŮлӽʵۣû׼أȫҾͶɻڴˡ
õʱ򣬿ֺͼü޼ҡҡҡҶԼҵС˰ɣǧСɴֻǸɵ𣿡
£Ҳ˵йŮǾǲŰ˵
˵ЩУͨ˼ҵŮӰɡɲһŵڹУ֮Ҫ֪ˣŹ֡


157 
ǰ􏪵Ҫ, ȥҵһʮʮͨŮ빬ЩŮĹŮͬÿ¿ɸռٻؼ̽ףһޱų
ЩŮСܽ, ϴ첹ȹ
􏪵ʳȻССǸ, ЩŮ֣޹鷿롣һǳڰȫ, Ϊ˱, ֪֮Ĺϵ, ϾЩŮų
ɽܿͲٰ˻, ӱŸĸᵽĸۡס򸾶ֻջ, ص˸Եĸλ
Ϸ򸾼ŮȥŰ, ̲סпҿŮ޵ǹɽ, Ҫ˱, ĸ˻Լӻͷ¶ģ
Ϸ򸾲֪ӱ֮ԸɽͶ, Ϊ˫ػ͡
ɽŲǷǵӵ̣ŮƽȨʵӵ
ɽСǹ¶, ӱ׺һԼļ, Ҳĸǰͬס
һĸֻӱôһŮϿ϶ӱΣԼ϶̣ʱ䲻ڼңϣĸӱ, ô¶¡
Ϸ˼, ȥݵת, ӣᵽŮͬסٿ⣬ӱҲΪһ̺š
ɽԼĸݴ¡
ɽ׺󲻾ã˪䡢СҲǰסȻףڹе􏪸С޲˸ԺסţһԼĿռ䡣
еİţǰеĹȫͬ⵽˳д󳼵ķԡ
Ϊ􏪲Ӧóɻ̴סڹУǹвôûоặǻҺ󹬵
􏪾ã˵ĲǻҺ󹬣ǡ󹬰ɣֱڳʣλˣǼҵ˿ɾǼҵסԺ⣿
ӦΪԹų˻ʵۣû˭ˡ
˵λ׾Ͷ巢֮ĸҪϧʱô;˸þ˭˲Ǹĸģƾʲô͸޺壿зִ磬²顣
ԥƬ̣˵ˣ°ӣʷЩ¹ٻҺ󹬵Ľѵɲ
􏪰лѣȻ֪
˳􏪻ص鷿ۡ齨֮󣬸صĴС͵ɸҪ֮»㱨ᡣ
һ􏪵Ĺʹˣ¹ףֻҪһЩҪ¡
ȻҲźܴķգ鶼ǻʵ۵ĸãǣǾͻϵȨȫܿգΪһܻʵۡ
Ȼģ֮ԸҷȨһǱȨץԼ֮йɽ򣻶ǻҲԼǹǮӶץԼͲǰϺܷȥ
ЩԱְܻȨΪԼıȡ˽»ǲҺһ֮ļ첿ţʷǴԼѡģǼලٹ٣ЩԱҲֵ̫ס
ۣҴҴͨѾˣ˵£ˣ
̧ͷʲô£
˫ֽһ۵ɵݵһƹˣͬȥĽʿҲûˡ
ͫ͵ʲôæۣݴʷۣƹٲִﾣݰºȥ̹ɵĴ꣬ˣһ˾ѳְ˲㣬ʹӣʮеĽʿ
􏪽ϣϼӳݷð仰귭һ˶ˣмֿŶȣ
˵£ΪֿԼСȥƹٵĽʿǴϱߴģˮԣȫ⾣ݵġϧϴ˺еЩʿ
􏪵ȭͷָ׶ҧгݵ˵ûսϣȻھݣˣ
£ְڡ
􏪱۾һԼ侲һЩҸ֮дţȥƽǰ
һ˵ϢŭȲżдŸὫһۣһ⾿ںδ١
ڷȥƽԼķŭʹģ߻ʵԶǰطǿȻԼʮǾµȥ֣
˵Ѿ࣬Ǳ߲ͨǣɼǣ㡣ݴʷҪôĻʹҪô֪鲻򲻿ܹôֻһĽ
􏪵ƽһЩ˵˷֪ᷢǳĲ¥̴ֻͨڴУһʱ䴬ˣסֿԴ𣿡
ҡͷȫĿԲΪ̴Ĵղȫܷ⣬ˮԺõ˱γдú壬Ҳû˵ЩδģҪôȥһɡ
􏪰֣ˮôʮʿǶͨ˸û顣һø֮дţȥ¡ٵõǲһ֧ȥС˳㽫Щطǿ˽ȫɢˡ
˵ҿɢͽЩ˽ȫУȥֺͶ֡
ô졣
ߺԼ̫Ѩپƣ֪ȥû뵽طǿ˴ǾͲҪˡ
֮ӵ􏪵ţʱȻŭΪȥƹٵĽʿǴӹݴıĹû뵽ȫھݣֱ޿̣һ򣬽ѵ½ʶֱݡ
Ҵ廿˽ʱɫΪսƵԣʱиǰӣû˽޷Աڽһ˽Ѿǳ̬
ҪʵоƣЩطǿȻԸɣ֮˽ΪӵдءһǵĶҪջأ˽ҲҪۿۡ
˾ͳıӵƹٳˡȻ֮˱ƹ٣Щǧ˽ĵطǿ˵ʮʲôأôˡ
ֵ˾ǸģΪɱƹ٣͢ͻ֪ѶˣȡƣȡֻӿĲͳԡ
֮˶ֱݣһ¾ǿסݴʷȻԲ֮˵飬һ黹˴⡣
㸺Ľ꿤ǾĿҲǾݸڣִﾣݺ󣬾ҵҵڸضоƣȻȥص·˲⡣
ݴʷ˵ЩǴģȻߵ岢ûаᣬǽ˻ᣬǷ㽫Щ˵ĺǹ磬ȻϺҪʲô
֮ĵ飬Ƕʱ䣬û¹ꡣµҴǺ޺ۼʧˣһжԵü졣
֮һʱҲû˭ɵģΪ˽Ľǿ٣˭Ķʵɴֱձе˽鰸ӡ


158 ư
ձ˽õطǿǳ, Ϊǻӹ͵˻ˣ˵վˣ˭Ը⣿
ǻû, Ϊڷ, վסţ˽ûȨ, ΥΪ
ҪҲ򲻹, ֮һ򾫱ǴսϾȷѪı, һǳʵ, ɱ֮, ˽Ƕ֡
Щطǿ˽Ҳ, ǹڷɢȱ֯, Ҳûе볯͢, ΪǾıˣʱʧľͲ˽, ˡ
֮Уһ߲鰸, һձ˽ڣͽݾڵ˽ձ£
ȴڽ, ºȻǵطǿɵģٸΪǴڻ֮Ҳ֤ݡ
ݵ飬ʱԽƹƺ뿪, ˴ȥ̡˵, Ǵ, ˿ڽţͿʼ³÷ǳ죬Ҵһ©ˮˡ´ȥ
ϲûϵΪûˡεߣǲ֪ϻˣҴѾˮȥˡ
գڰ߷ֲֹһ߸ʬ֪ԭϵ٣Ϊû´ء
Щ嶼ٸȥˡ
֮ҵ˴ĽǫΪҪʿǵȫˡ
ǫ˵ǣӵ˱˵г˺ܶมʬ˴Ǿľƹ٣Ͻ㱨꿤ء
ȽȣһһأʬѸ׸ã治ԭ̫࣬ߣɴһѻˡ
ǫ˵¹Ϊܴ˵Σٿ죬ҲȻûʱ䡣ֽţô£¹ûвǸʱĴҲʧˡ
֮ϬضΪαȥ˵귭
ǫͷ¹پͲ̫ˣϱ͢ǴʷˡǴʷ±֣ô˵İɡ
£´ȫ֪飿֮ؿǫ˦һֺù
ǫæ˵¹֪޲ԣ޲¹ܣûܲ࣬òܴòס
֮˵ҲΪԼܶ԰ɣǺãͲҪˣⰲϡ
ǫһϽ£Ὣ֪¹ٺ֮У
ҷʥǰ£ѾȫȨȨ߳˲ܴˣʮҵ¡ǳûֱ֣֮ȴ޶ɥھݡ´ˣ˵òԩ֮ҧгݵ˵۾ųǫҪ̻ˡ
ǫҲҴ
֮ŭЦܺãʹֻ죬Ƹ꣬û·ʵۡҾͲЩ̨ӡʱ䣬鲻ӣǾĬǰ֣ʱҲ
ǫſڵϣ¹
֮ͷԾݴʷлƵлˣµĽʿܴ˶޶ɥھݵؽ磬˰ɵأʴ²˵Ȼ͢ѱ˵Ǳ귭¡㽫赭дؽ˰ͲҵֵȪ֪
Դ֮ݺлƾͱһֱߣ˽Ӵ뿴ܿãҪΪ˭Σ˾µĻʹ
л˵Ὣ˻ˡܴ֮¹Ҳʮʹģ¹֮͢±¹¹ó͢ڷ
֮ЦҲְ֪ͣԩԩ
лҡͷԩԩ¹ٵʧܴ˺ȥ
ûµ˰
л򴽣¹ܡ
׿˵ģǸ֮԰ɣܺãʷҲҪˣ⾣ˡ֮ѹסŭ
⿿ְǲܽЩζҪеʵϲС֮һתͷȥ龣Щطٵˡ
٣ģߵļˣ֮û߻ʵԶĵططв̰ܻߵģһһ׼
֮ȵǣǾлƼѳ˶ʮӡ鱦л⾣ݴʷһٺ»ۺϳᳬӣݸβ꣬ÿٺ»Ҳᳬһǧ
˵лַǾˣھõأҲϲ׬ȡ˶ǴϼҴôΣǿص
лڽЩȥʱ©ٳ֮Ѷ£лڿʼЩӵȥЩھĲƣп˿۵ľãеطǿԸĿТǮơ
һʣǽغǿһǰӡʱ䣬ǲµʱ䡣
ͷСǾݵؽ壬꣬صа˳ɱһռУͣڵǺ绽꣬ҫȳǫǸ硣
֣֮˵ңǰʱձǧ˽ң
һԵĸ𣺡ǡʱҲ˽Ǵһٲʵˡˣջиѵ˽УξһȺ˽Ǳӣץ˻ǽҵġ
֮˵ȥѳǫûӡԼܲ鵽һ˿ˡ
ǡ
ܿ죬ڽǫҲѳһʣ͵ģʱлܻ¸ʱࡣ
ҵ̫ˡʧıĵطǿôý汲۵ĲƸֽ
ǫܻ¸֤ݣֱ֮Ӹµ֮С
ֱʱ򣬳ǫſʼ֪ʵִｭйνӴҶ̫졣뿪ʱҵʵûнǫк˵Ǵ̵ľ⣬ٻؽ
֮µӦʶԼʮʿȫ޷ǧ˽ԿԲȡõķʽ
֮ʣܴ˳ǰǷ͢ݹۣ
ǫ˵һŴվ
֮ʣأ
С˲֪һվӦǽꡣ
֮̾˿ʶⲻܽģ͢д۵ȥۻûݵؽͱסˡ
ǲܴǱ˭ɱģ֮ʡ
ǫҡͷС治֪
˭뿪ģ
Сˡ
˵˵ʱ
С꣬СͲܴϴһȰǵͣߣִҪߣȽС
ʬϿˣ
˵ûˣָɫڣ˶
֮۾ûдˣض˶ŻڳʱȫûзӦж֮󣬽ˣô¶֮˭֮սȭͷ
֮˽Ҽ˹ʼʣûֱʲ֮£˾һ¡
˵֮ǰλС£С˼Ķ࣬ûͳ꣬һʱ㲻壬λ˵㡣
֮˵ŶλѾȥˣ㲻֪
װһʮֳԾģ棿̫ϧˡһ£ǷҪȳ͢У
֮ޱ˵ˣ˵㡣ص飬վͿʼء
ɫһګګ˵ƹ٣
Ҳǣܹܡ֮˵һҪүȷһ£˾ݴʷӣһΪʲôҪ¸͢٣Ǹܴ˺ʲô


159 ʹ
ŵһ, æ£ˣСԩ¶֮޸ɡ
֮Цһ޸ɣܴ˳֮, Ͱ͵ظлǫӣлǫٽ᰸, ܴ˵յٸ참, ʱҪָӣĸУ˵, ү⽭صʵ, ؽ¶˵㣿
챻֮Ŀŵɪһ, ϽͷĴСңʱЩʬ嶼ͣҼҵ, ʵ̫, ׯǶ, ׷취㴦Щʬ塣ѣҲȥл˵ġ
֮ЦƵͷЦô, үǸլʺĶ, ׯǡɾ֪ү軧յ, 軧ǻýɸ˰, Լֻܵõɡĳϴ, δ˺ĵĵƵöͶ·Ϊū㵱˽ū, 軧, ܵ軧ܵӰ죿
챳ֱð亹
֮豭һңģҪٸӽƱ, ٲʵ, ź, ϰӣ
􏪲̫̱ͬƹ֮ãЩη£Ƿʰ
ܹȿ࣬ĿɽȫˣҲӲŵøɸһС˶УСȫУ治СµģȮΪ裬֪ǳͨңܴ˵˳˺࣬˴С֪ʱѾ˵¡
֮˵ˣȥĶӶץ
æ˵С˵Ķӣ޸ɡ
֮һ˧зִ磬ԩһˣҲŹκһˡ
֮˽ϸȫץȻڳʾٲĴøԩ˶ԩ
֮㽫һԸ壬óҪɱӺȫµҺǿҸ͢ԣ³
տʼû˸ԩ֮Ҳżһ־һپΰץһ̰ɱһȺ˵ɽ
İүǳˣ׷׶Żԩ
ڣ֮˼¼˵״ѶϣնֱնɱҸӣĴӣǱ٣ԸοԩĲܴЩʿ
ھ˼ĺ䶯ЩطǿС޲սսѻյԼϣҲھһŪ
Ȼ»û꣬Ҹӷ̷ۣ֮ͨͨûַգûҵļҲ
ˣ֮û􏪼ֵģ߽Ҫǲ
ңݵĴСԱȫ֮һ飬ⲻ̫صıְôһصľȫץѺҵɳ͢
ôһ֣ݴӴʷ뱻ץ֮ѡ˼ΪµĿΪȱˣھƹٵ⼸ʿҲ֮Ϊʱȱĸλ͵ó͢˹ˡ
꾣ݣ֮ıձ˽ԥݲʳǿԸʡˡ
ҵ̫ڣڵڣ֮дʮҳţһ̬γʺ򣬲û˵κ˽£ȫǹھݵ֮ء
􏪷һֽʣܴ뽫ʿǵĹǻأ
ѺУξ𣺡ڹ⡣
˵ա
Уξһ£ûҷԣ𣺡
йԱ􏪣ΪʲôҪʿǵĹǻҶõҪʲô
һУξżʿ̧ڴ׽ˡ
􏪿ǼڴףҧأΪڸףûзֿ𣿡
Уξϥأ£ǵʱ򣬲ܴ˺͵Ƕˣǻȫһû֡Ὣ˵罫һ𡣡
ۿе㷢죬ۣ˵ˡ
æ𣺡ڣ
􏪻˵Ͻɽһˮأ޽һӢ԰ܴԼʿǵĹǻңһӢ۱ΪӢ۶ʸϽɽ԰
˵ּ
˵ɴˣòܴԼʿǵļǱʾοʺǸ⣬޿Ƿǣһʬ嶼ûΪǱ
𣺡ּ
􏪰źӢ۹ǻң̸̰һ£˴Ὣھݳܴѳְһһƿ˵طε߲ʲô˶ֳԭΡһأͲʮһԱְ̰ܻߡְȨ׮׮˷ָЩΪ˸ĸ٣ΪϴˣֱƤţһݵĹԱأ
􏪵˵Ҳÿһֶ־˵°ٹٵĶСĵף֪􏪷ŭˡ
˵ˣ
̲æ𣺡ڣ
лƵ˵״ὫѾҲһ˹̲ˡһɰɷãһ棡᲻ˣҴ˵
ּ
ȻݴʷѺؾȴһ񶼲Ը͸ԷûȫȨ̲ȥá
֪طζñȷӣûһǸɾģһƿͳţҪٲС
ڵ״⻼ڣֻɱӺþһݵĹ
áǻ𡷱˲оѳְһ£ϸдҵзĿΪɽ𻢣ЩԾĵطǿ֪Υ͢Ľ
􏪵Ķ£һٵзܿͳˡгǫնΪΪŰɱ޹գл̰ܻߡ²ϣݣûмҲ
˵ȣ״أ׷ױš۵̷ҲǱְԸ߶Զˡ
̷˵൱ص̷ζţԶжȥĿܡ
Щ٣һڵġǻ𡷱Ũīزʵر˾ʮԱְܻһ£ÿһԱ̷
ڱֽӡݣѷŵݿ˶ְ֪̰վʲô³
׮ӣûӵƹٳµı棬ȡ˶ݵʤĸҪģϧ˲ܴ˺ʮʿ
ջƻ裬ϯض鷿УпŸƹٳۡ
꣬еȱһɨգ˱ʣֻó濪ʼеˡ
һ󼱴ٵĽŲ
̧ͷ¶Цݣķ
ֻƽϴװһСϱһСͲʮʣˣ
ţҽʮΰģʲôʱҳȥ԰ƽ˵ģǼðܵĺ顣
İǰƽôˣ̧Ĩһϵĺ飬˵ʦǾʹȥԡ
ʱùð̵Ѭ¯ӹͷ£վѮˣԸ⣬³ȥ԰ɡ
ƽ˷ܵĴȥ𣿡
ʱһԺԶԶҪôҡ
Ϥֱ֮


160 
֮Ժ粽, 糾ȴڲȥ׿ķɣͦε֮, ̡洺磬, ̩ͨ
􏪷ɱȥЦ绨ôˣû˵
֮Ǹ߸𣬿ֻСȸһԼɱſ˫۽˱ٸ߸ߣסûô, ΪͰƽء
ɽдŸ, ˵Ҫ滻, Ҿͻˡ
􏪿ĵúϲ£죺Ȼû˵
ֻѵǴ̣ʾͺˣͶʱ򡣡֮ɽôϵ֪ҪԼλһϲ
, Цۣ̫ˣհƽȥԣһȥɡ
ã֮һ֡
ʦƽɱ§ס֮, , ʦ
֮Сһи߸һ, Ȼסѽ, , ˣҲˡ
ƽ˷ܵùֱЦʦһˣаġ
֮˷ԴʦʱҲû͵
֮Ȼǰƽʦ书ʱ򲢲ࡣ겻ڼңֻлʱָһ£ƽʱƽǸѧġ
ȻҪȫţøƽĵ˵
Ͷˡ֮Цúο
˵ȥԡϴɣһóԷȥ׼ϴˮ
𣺡
ϴ裬􏪹֮󣬸ͷ죺ˣ
֮˵ˡһ֮ǰյá
Σ
񿥣ȶֵƥáЩ˲·;̫ңԶûжƣýһӲѵ
􏪸пֲԸǣֻԶǿǴ֣ǲҲʼˣ
̽ӴصϢƺҲץʱһҲҪжǴ֣ҪǴֵʱ͵Ϯǡ
˵ԪȻᣬҰȴС
֮˵⵹Ԫµ⣬ȨĲ˾Ľݸҡʮˣ䣬˵Ľݸһ᲻黹Ȩ
˵ҪĽݸҵҰˡĽݸǶֵһıԣǿĶ֣ǵ뷨ӽ⵹ǵˣֱ㲻Ϊ塣Ǹôĸ֣ŪЩϸ鱨
֮˵ԾԵìܣϷܴĽݸҼ崫ͳʽԪ³ũĻΪʽ̫
˵ֹȦ̫ΪԪôɣ϶Ҫ壬ǲеġĽݸδػˬ黹Ȩ
ǵġ֮˵Ҳвٴ󳼲֧ĽݸңĽݸҶȨ
ȥԪﻹж֧ߣܷĽݸҿ⡣ǿԾǶԱ˴ģǵںġ˵
֮áˣȥԷɣƽѾڵˡ
š
գƽСҹʱ􏪻˯û찵ء
Ժ֮СͽܣϽֽסѹ˵òϢһ죬˯
ƽŵķſһۣûѣǽջȥ𣿡
֮˵Ҵȥԣȥˡ
ȥƽЩʧرչʾһԼļ
ʦ㻹⣿֮˵
⣬Ҳȥ
ȥ֮ƽ£Ž޹˳ֽŸϣƽ⡣
ñʤ»飬ÿ֮ҪһҪϳʱһ㣬壬˾ûôƣҹ˯ţ􏪻û˯ѡ
֮ߵߣ뿪ʱ􏪴Сϵıֱˣɿİɫ±ƿһǣ¶һСƤ
̲֮סСƤ׻ֱ˳ֽ·ãָڶϣȥס
ûѣֻʶ̧Ϊоܵ˸š
֮΢΢ЦǼһ£ˣǣŰƽ֣߰ɣȥˣ´ȥԴһЩ͸
ðɡƽֻôش
֮˵Ҵƽȥԣ²ȥ
ͷáǱ􏪵İȫ
ѵʱһ۱ʣ֮أ
ϴˮ˵Ὣƽȥˡ
ֹ˵˽һȥôûҡ
ûнӻ
􏪲û䣬֮ˣһʱ뿪Ժ춼ܼҹҹܱ˯;ÿģԳʱ򻹺С
ټεؿģ뵽֮ģһ⡣кõ϶£ǻׯĹϡ
һƬˣ˵üϴɾھţ֮ԡ
ǡ
􏪳ڣ˵Ҳ԰
л£ץһƬŵҧһڡ
􏪿Ե˹˹ģͻȻ˵Ǹûûһȥԡ
ͣһ£ԭǵԼ˵ҪȥԵģû£Ժлء
˵ҵĻİɣĶȥˣҹ⹬
ûУְġҲֵʱܳȴı⹬ˡ˵⻰ʱ􏪣Щۡ
ûע⵽ЦЦʲô취أδƽ򱳣ȥȫʦڵģֻٳˡˣҹΣȥ𣿡⼸½ҵó٣􏪻ȡÿӪҵʱ
˵ȥˣҹк֡
˵Ҳȥˡ֮ϳȥ䡣ܳţڴ
ʵ۵˵ʲôҪûţǰӵ̫ʦڣ˰²ȫѵⱲӾҪȦ⹬ǽ֮ˣ붼
˵áְȥš
ͻȻ˵ȵȣģǰûѧ֮ġװһ£žͲôˣ˶಻̫ڣҲʱ䡣
˵еģܹһա
аǺãͷ׸ݡӷһ˷ܡ
֮ŴŰƽҺ͹Щǻ
ƽһԺӣʹ󺰴УҸץСӣ
鷿￴鼮ǲһߴ˯ʱˣЬҲ͹˳ȥ
ƽͷ󺹵ܵ􏪸ǰմ˲ңﱧһֻɪɪСãֻã㿴ҷֵģʦץģ͸
Сӣɰллӡһɣ׼һԺÿǵøιιݡ
ãһιƽ˼ˣڿιСˡ
˵ȥһӣȽӹϤĻٷɡ

ˣŵҲȡˡ
á
ƽȥˡ
֮ʱԺӣϴ˼ɫۣһʾޱԽı˿ʵϣճģǽ⣬ϰ֮˵ı
һ߿һ߻ζĸоЦɻԵʲô
֮Цͷ˵Ұζ
ޱۣտϧûȥ
֮˵Ҵ˲ǿԿųԡ
ãþûտˡһȥ䣬ȥҹСӣеζ
㡣֮˵⹬һ˵㣬Լڣ˵强˶ûУҲûַɵĻᣬֻҪڼңһҪֲκ顣


161 ҹ
ʱ, ʹԺԺ˻ѣ֧˼ӣóľһͷϴķ
˶˷ܣҶϲĻ, ƽ˷ܵ㵸, һ綼߶ˡ
˿ȫ􏪻׼Ĳ, 廨⡢ᡢ⡢⡢㡢Ϻ, о²ˡӡźƬ߲ˣǽĲ˶ˡ
һŻѿȫ, һ̿¯Ĳˡв˹ϣзǳѵõȻٺʲˡ
Ժ, ɢϵζԺԶԶ, ҡӿæ֣ɲչȥѬһ̻ζ
֮˸ƺ, ƱԱߵ, ƺƱС, ƣȾˡ
Ťͷֽӹ, , һڣ𡣡ƾƾǸʴ
֮ȺæС, Ц˵ǿҵˡ
􏪹Ц˾͸Ƕ, ʱ, ÿϣֵԾȫտ̯ӣǾ͹ŰһߺȾһߣ̫ˡ
ߣ֮һ´ʣŤͷ
􏪽ͣǿ⣬ǥӴпԿͽߣ
֮˵˵ţѾʼʧϱӵˣֱ֣ĦԺǾߣ
􏪻ع¶һЦðʵһи뷨Խʳϰƹ㵽ҹȥػܻӭɣ̻
ͦģû׼С֮Ц˵
ƽſõˣ⡣
ôͺˣҳ􏪴һ⣬Žһڣôζζ̫ˡӻҳ
֮Ц㲻𣿡
˵ȾȰɣ̨ӶˣϷҪúóɣ˷Ѫ
Թȥߣӿ⴮һָ㸺ƣʲô˸ʲôζƷ˵ͷͷǵ
ָ꽭ɽϺȾƳ⡣ͽȾǳǳĻƣ鳲ͷӹ
􏪾ãӦܵϣܹԼеغȾƳ⣬밮˼õʱ⡣
Ա㣬ɫѾϴ˰˵׼𣿡
ͷѾ׼ˣ¡
Ūɡ
֮ץס󣺡Ūʲô
˸ӣһЦһ£һ֪ˡ
֮ޱȺ棬ûиȥ
ݣڵƵϣ􏪵˵£ڿʼˣ
􏪿׳ʲôģ
􏪵۾򴽣ҪŪʲôģ
˵˵ŪʲôģҺеѡʵܺνݵʲôױʲôͬ
˵԰ϡ󣬻߸Ա𡣡
һǳ˳飺ǻǳһɣҪģͺˡ
ͷǣ
Ƕ۾ԼͿͿҪ˯ˣ֪˶ã˵£Ѿˣ㿴
ۣͭ˳򣬿һģİֻƽһЩ˵ԣɡ
֮£ʲôأ
ЦæˣԳˡ˵ߵ⡣
е㰵֮ûע⵽Ѿģصģʲô
ߵ£ͷҵ
߽֮һɫȥץסһŪˡÿ
֮ǰƽ˫˵۾濴СʲôϸҪߵ棬ϲ£ʲô
Цϳȥ䣬ֲ̫ۣ˸ݣͲᱻ˷ˡҪҲŪŪ
֮ݸҾͲ˰ɡѰ·ϣ˶Ϊҵӡ
áǲǲԼˣ
ǲ̫·
􏪻·֮ţ֮һ¶ûˣ˾ôš
ţ֮˵ǱµԵͻأǲҪȥˡ
ĬĬȥ
ûҲûϳг˹̫滹ͦһƬǸŴ󻧣ûʲộֻиߴԺǽţԼڴʯʨӺʹҵĵ
֮ŲĽ˵Ҫǽҵ˰ɣ̫ܸоȱôϡ
̫ԭǻҵլӣtˣ􏪻ؾηֻ֣һЩ
ѡ˹ʹЩ˲ס׷װߡլӱ͢ᣬʹŷʡطԱְģͰס
˵޷˷ǮͷԺ¶Ǩ
֮˵ҪǨǲ֪Ҫꡣ
Ҳνɽڸߣ飬ˮ顣˵
֮üͷչɾԼǡ
֣ͿʼˡֵԵƻͨҲ٣ȣ˷󶼳ɢ֡
ʳݡϷ¥֣ҲвС̯·԰̯÷衢֮ģ
ʱѲߵĽ˫ɶ߹άҹеΰ
􏪵һιҹУǳʣ˲С֮ںǮ
􏪳ۣ֮˵Ǽҵʲôģɣ¿İɣҴûȥơ
̧֮ͷһһ㽨󣬵ƻͨſﲻ滹˿֮˵Ӧǲ¥ɡ
˵ǽȥơ
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˱Сӭӣ˼λж
룬ͦʱ֣ȻжûУʱģˡҸһλá
Сʣ飿
룺ɡҪ¥˵ʲô顣
С˶¥ϱߵĴ֮˵ż𣿡
еģеģżѸһ㣬һ𲽡С˵
üʲô裬ôô󣡡
СЦǵһɣżиϳ˵ķ񣬶ÿʧ
û˵ż䡣
żĲõõҲţű˻ƵϯӣϵĻƿвһ֧ɻǶһ֧ǽװֻٴһɻ磬뿴⣬ɽŵһߡ
СЦǺǵʣ͹ʲô裿ֵݴë⡢Ȳ衭
􏪴һҪĩ裬ֱԼݡ
Сһ㶣ȻЦ˵ϣ͹ٻҪʲô
˵ļɡ
Сߣ㴫ˡžһ죺λ͹٣Ǽ˵ռǡĹ¡
Ц˵ġ
˼䣬żű㱻ˣŮŲ¯豭վſڣ͹٣Ĳ赽ˡ
˵ɡ
Ůӽ¯źãʼҶֹ˶Է飬ֱݼɡ߰ɣԼ
Ϊ׵ķŮ̧ۿ􏪣ü􏪣͹٣ūǵĲūݲūҵı֡
􏪺֮һۣеŹ֣˵ūݲ裬бķ𣿡
ŮŴԳԵЦǾͿ͹ٻҪʲôˡ
̲ס˸ۣһ䣬ǹͷ⣿
֮ȥ
Ů⻰ԥƬ̣Ͻ뿪
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̲ס˸ۣ˭£ڰԼ


162 Ů
½, ˹ƺȲʡüͷ壬ʱԼŮ˵ĽЦӸڴЦúǷ, վ, һ˦ӣߣؼҡ
˳˲¥, 􏪻ͷһ˵Ųֻǲ, ŮɡϰôĹ, ȻƤӵĿŵ£
˵ǲ¥ҹʲôֱ𡣶ЩūĶģյµףŮǲܳµģ潼类ȡ޴ֳϷ곡ϷŮӣžֻд˼һ˽ˡ
􏪱, ƲֵسǰߣһֱᳫŮƽ, Ůѧ, ȻŮԵǲϾŤתġүǵķӦ֪ҲֻԼһԸŮƽȡ
֮׷ȥɾˣ
􏪲ͷһۣŮӲӣ
֮һ㶣Ȼ˵ɾָķ棿
̫ãķ涼У˵
֮룺ʹ˵, ŮδرӲմ˱Կó˵, ŮͱȲ, Ҳǲʵ
ô˵, ̹Щˣ˵öԣܸɵĻŮӻܸɣˣˣˮսɳԡҿǰ̷Ůͷ¶棬ŮչֳǣͷȥҲ
֮⻰􏪸ɰֲȢޣҲûŮȴŮ밮ʵܿɹ
˵֮˲һ飬˭˿ģ˳Щū
õģɾ
عϣŲ¥£е˯ţ̧ţ֮ϣƵ˵ҪȥͲ֪ô¡ƾ㳯йԱ˭ȥˣⳡҲʲô£϶ҡ
ŮԹ֮ҪıڵĹһһϦģ֮̇ĸ첲ƫϱǳ
ǲףҲҪŬȥơյý񲿽ѧԱͳƹƣѧŮǶ١һ˵һߴǷ
֮һ£˾˯
􏪱۾һУ˯ţȲȶˡ
֮˵İɣһ˾˯ˡ˵ȥ
ڶ糯˵ˣҪѧӵѧͳᡣʱ
һæ˵ԳٵΪ
˵Ҫϸġ
ʺţҲûʣ
յᣬ񲿰µаۣݿصѧӶͳڰѧӵѧУٶעŮѧҲһûбע
􏪴ɨһۣʣûбעԱģȫѧӣûŮѧӣ
һ㶣Ȼ˵ЩǣЩͳľû֣Ҳ̫ûŮѧӡ
˵ѧͳ¼ʱ򣬽ԱҲעϡ
ǣ£
􏪷һ󣬷Ůѧٵþˣͨ˵һٻϰѧӣŮѧӵᳬʮĵطҲᳬʮ֮һ
̾˿˵Ůѧͯѧٵþˣ񲿵йأҪλŮͯѧ
ɹ𣺡ּ
˵˼ͨڼа˽ӸŮҵڸݿŮѧӣŮѧӷֿѧʡ
͢ȻѰѧδᳫܱ亢ͯѧֻܾѧͯѧ
˼ǵԼҹŮӻһǳʲô⻵͸ɴ಻ŮѧרŵŮѧӣعǻһЩ
ļѧʶԨŮԸѧӷӣһҪӭŮ߳ԺţΪ͢Ϊͬȵķס˵
ɱȭּ
˳ȥɽӵ֮ˣ􏪵Ĳ豭һڲ裺ѾӵòˣչɽͿˡ
Ц»¾Ҫֿɽá
֮˵϶ãɽһֱսҲܲᣬǸûᣬʿϤһ¡
뵽սĲпԺΣԣ̲סĦһֱϣ̫ƽҶƽ¡
ָֽ֪֮ץǻעġ
Ƭ̣֮˵ȥнˡǴ޼õ̺ţתǮҡǮԭǾ¥˼¥Ļϰ壬¥ˣ㿪¥¥ĹǮҵѾߡ˵ǮŮӣϰˡ¥⣬رߣǲԸôˣЩŮӳЦ
ЦЩӵܣû¥˹ȥѰ֣Ǹȥѹ𱬡ȥе飬ЩūǷƤ⣬㽫ˣЩŮҲһ͵ȥ
á
˵˰еһڻûйͷĵ꣬鵽һ
á
뵽ԼƤˣЩĵط¸ʱͨѶϢͨ߻ʵԶطʵۣǵüǿʹȲС
ĥһڵġǻ𡷱רŮ⡣
֮⣬ŪһŮӿַʶֵŮУŮԵ˼ҲҪţǵĵλϾеضǿԼʵӮȡġ
ŮӿӦŮԣӱ࣬˪Ҳԣǻһ㷺壬֪ûмʶŮԸͶ塣
պ󣬹ٲ˲󣬲Ҵ˲ϰūϰҲٸд¥һ£԰ǧķ
ٸͬʱ棬ͨΥӪọ̈̄ʾʾ룬ЩͼΣձط̼̽ҲҺΪ
􏪶̺ŸǮҵĴ޼Ҳ𷣣Է𡣳͢Ȼֹת̺ţתҪתõ̺ųеලãԷӪΥҼ͵ôתҲҪ׷Ρ
Ϊ˱¢ϲ̺ţҪ̺ŵ첻ӾӪɱ
ҵα鴦Υ澭ӪĻм̣СһûôأеķеֻҪͣҵġ
ڰŮӿ£􏪽ӱͬһ˵ӱͬˣµ˼ó
􏪵ͷԣææùæޱ뷨ӡ
ӱæ֣ãã£æùŰͨδʱɢãÿջвϾʱ˵⿯һһڣæùһ׵ġ
ЦáǱմˡ
ӱϵ˵Ӧм²ǣŮ룬ʱ̶ǳͷǱ£ĵн֮ҡԸΪŮЧһĽվ
ʣմˣƽտ˼ҵŮӴ
ӱһ㶣˵ֻǻһЩ˵ļҾżƽҪãЩǿС
ЦԺմ˿һ볯д˵ŮǽӴǽŮĶߣ׫ˡ
ӱ¶ϲЦݣ԰¿ѳˡǸˣǵĶ߿ɲȾô
ͨռҵŮмѧģ˭ʶأֻд˼ҵŮӲжʶֵĿܣŮĶ߶ֻǡ
ӱԸ򣬲ΪΨһŮԹԱ˶еģԸŮӻĲһȥ
Ҳ⣬ļʶ۽ѾЩСȫͬˡΪŮΪ˸ŮӼ뵽ԼĶԸȥӴЩŮӡ
лʺֻҪʺ󿪸󸾾ۻᣬ׾ٽûУֻܽӱȥ졣ӱҲǸܸɵģĲ١
˪䡢ơС⼸Ҳܰ㣬Ǽܴӱҵɡ
ӱæ񣺡ּ
ӱ㿪ʼŮĴţֽСӱģΪŮҲǿü
ݶΪһڡΪд£µӱ˪׫塣
ӱ볯д󳼵ļҾӴҲʶ˼λмصŮӣ֮һǶżҲŮ
ΪԼһ游ת􏪵һϯ֮󣬱ڼп˽ӣΪмеŮɣҵֵĸо
ӱûиӴշת˵˶£ȥݷ̸ӱΪ׫壬༭
֪⿯􏪳ҪģӦȻ֪ǰԵѾܣͨܺһ˿ϵ


163 
􏪵֪α༭, 治ɫ뵽ʵѡٺòͲôˡﻹοģȻʶ, 㲻˷ѲŮĲܣҲҵĿͻȥ
º, һڡڳɹӡǻ𡷵İһ, ݲ, °ŮԵĿȣŮͶʫĸ壬ԼŮԴӱдԴ¡
ſӡһ, ѷŵ, ҵжʶֵŮӶഫݱֽ
􏪻ͬǻһѧӡŮƽ, ȻȵøıŮԵĹ۵, ѧӵķǣǼ縺ŽһΣЩӵĹҪӾһŰֽ, ʦֽôͿǾͻʲô
֪ŮƽȲһһϦʵֵģҲҪʮϰ, ꡣҪȥͷ, ȻˣȻ͸岻ݴǴͷ
¿ѧʱ򣬸ݳǶŮѧ, ר꼶ϵŮѧ, ṩʳ, ŮӿѧӼ, ѧȫ⣬ʳ۸Ҳ
ʵ൱ŮӳУΪŮԱʶѾǳˣҲǸĸΪĵʱڣרŵŮѧӣͻա
ŮյѧȣԣǱѧһЩ􏪺⣬κ¶Ҫѭ򽥽ͻ
ɽʮ²ŻصҵضĻƥ˹񿥷ǷںƯ˽£Ҳ̬ƣ̬
􏪲ǿ񿥵Ĳ˹Ҳ֣ɽģȻˣȻƥΪˣȺѪء
ɽٺЦʵɴ˵˼ЩҲһֱţڴϰסҿǷϴ󾢲Ŵƥÿһۿڶǣ´˲ٹ򣬱ƽʱ˰¡Ҷƥûʲô⡣
Цտֵüνһһĸ𣿡
ԣԺҲкˡɽ˵
ǰˣɵòЦļɽļ硣
Ȼ˵Ī֮ѾȲطƥںڷĹ
ɽæὫСģҵúܡ
ȷʵ̫ӣ֮ʱһ£βһͼ֮ˤ֮ʲôû빭˫ȽսԺ
􏪵Ҳ֮İΣ֪ȫӦùЦ˵Ȼ紫˵еԶ󡣡
ɽ˵ǣƽʱҲûܹԦס̩չ˵ġ
􏪺ʣ̩˭ѱ
ɽ¶һ˿ɬ̩ԭˣġ
􏪾ȵ㲻ˣ˸ˣǵüлΪԡ
ɽ˵һɡ̩Ǹ
һ㶣Ĺ
һԵ˵ɽòὫ˼ĹŮ˰ɣ
ɽЦǹġӦҺĻˣǻǱ߳ס
ޱȲ죬ȻһЦļ˵ģСӡгϢϽӴư
ɽ˵Ѿ˽ͻؼˣôã۵òˡٴ¡
ãã􏪾ϲĪû뵽ɽһﲻȢ˸ϱҪúչ˼ңܵӴԺûΪɲܹ˼ҡ
ɽҸЦݣ£֪ġ
ŤͷһԵļЦⲻͳףھ͵ˡ
ڵƮһ˿ƣϲ֣ĪҪȡЦҡ
􏪶Լɽ˵˼Ѿף֮ͳסھͲûˣֳģкʵŮӣҲһ¡Ҳżͷմһ£ļŮȽϺʣ˵ý
ˣ£
􏪹ЦҪҲó׵ˡ
⻰һڣֵܶס̧ȥԼǸ͵ĵͲ׵
􏪷ִҶڿԼ˵ǿʲôҶӶˡ
˶ͷ˵
֮Ժ˼ȦѱˣܵǰɵԾ˵ԣ£Ҫƥܷ͸ң
ЦȻԣὫѫ׿ԽȻԣ͹ˣ
֮˵ʵ񿥣ںڣһëҲޣһϲý°æ͸ְɡ
̧ëúܲͷŤͷ׼ǣȴڿͣˣתͷȥŤŤӣûٿ顣
ɽ˵ʲһ㶼ģȻûɫϲء
˵˹ʲߣе֣ɡͨںڣûһ˿ëͽưɣ̤µԡ
һ䣬ڳ˶Цһ㶣ȻҲЦ뵽ƺЩû뵽Ҳ̫ͨˡ
˵Ǿ͸Ľ磬ƳˣҲ͸ˣûʲôˡ
֮ԵͷûУԺͽˡ
􏪿һƥСƥĸĸɫҰף䲻ǰ񿥣ģҲ㣬硣
ɽ˵Ը˳ѣԸµ
ȡĸͷķǳϵ˲䣬ĻŭţƥϲҲְɡʲôأйͰɡ
˺ؿ􏪣£ʲô˼
ЦЦҵһ룬;ΪȻ򹲺ǲˣ룬Ը⳯ĿǰҲǸԼĶʮһ
˶һ֪⣬Ψ֮˽룺ȻҪ֣ǾͽйͰա
ڶգɽ»̩ˡǵ͵Ĳ˹˳࣬׷أ߱Ŀ۾ɫɫģҲǳƯɽһˡ
˲˲ĿȻڷخ˹ˣǶˣ⻹ͷһؼ˹ŮˣҶˣ찡۾ͷǸɫƤ֬ˡ
􏪼˶Է֮ɫû뵽ɽСӻܸͦɣȻܹȢһôƯϱ֮ǰ˵ҪԼң֮ǰѾˣ¶Ľ˴
̩ҲɬŤ󣬴󷽷ŮǴСϳģӷǳ
̫˵Ǽɽ롣
еظ죬ӭĽﵱԼңʲôӦĵطʲôҪԸԼᡣ
̩˸Ҫϣȥտ
⵹ǺܳԤϣϸһҲͨյҵز죬涼ϤֻϤϲģһŻڣҲǲһЩ¶˼֮顣
ͦΪģҲͬ飬˵ֻҪ㲻࣬ȻԡҵϣܾѧẺ뵽ҵҵĸȤɽ취Ϊ̩ҵȤá
ɽæӦǣ£


164 
һ˳, ȫƹӽʳǰδеķգǰһ귭һĶδֵ, һҲȱʳ
Ȼ, ۲, Ϊ꿪, Ķ;ֵˣǴʱڻʳԺ͵ûǮˡ
Ҳû, ˭Ҷȱ, ٹҲӰοٸأٹҲȥ
Ķֵ֮󣬰վ轫еʳһЩᡢ޻ȾҲøһˡ
临һȺɽ, иŬУʱ䣬ڸɴ֯з֯֯ٶȿ֮һ֯ĲҲΪȳ, ܴɴɫ, ֯ЧʺͲƥ
􏪱⹤ͷ֯֯, ڸݳǣӳл߸Ů, Ĳƥ˹, ıͨгȥ
Ҫ̩, ǿͲܲ߹ҵ·ȻĿǰԶ̸Ϲҵֻǹҵĳζѡ
􏪰ĵǣ걱ҲȶСɲϮŹ忤ǲûֵκκôûҲڻս
ԶȻʹǰϣ밲ó
ȻشຮΪࡢƷΪʳЩʳӪḻȻԿ˻Ҫ߹θŲ׻
ʱȻܲɼҰҰһ⣬˶죬ٲݿۡѩͼɫҪֹܷ
ȻǵƤëȡҶǲʹǰЭó֮¡
􏪵Ȼó˵ͨó˫޵ȻᷴԡֻȻҹмŶ֣·;ңԶֹ뺷ǵ˲ҺᴩֹóסִܵﰲȻǾ˫ֻӭġ
֮⣬ԣǲðȥǱߡ
Ȼʹ˵ǿɺ˵ҲԸһ£ڶѡһطΪó׾ݵ㡣ˣԼнٷˣϳΧˡ
Ц⵹Ǹ⡣ôʲô̬ȣȻٳó
ʹ˵δ֪ȥֵʹͬʱģʱˣǲ֪Ρֻʵͬ⣬ʱǽ붫ʹһǰ¡
ãڴӦ
Ȼʹ֮˵£ȻҰޱȣ϶ûģα
ˣཻҪ棬塣ûԶѣֻԶ档Ǹȡ裬ֶΪЦ̯̯֡
􏪣Ϊʢ϶ʲµȻǲ԰Ե֮û뵽˳
˵ˣʱʹ̸֮Σɴһȥóصѡڶ밲߾֮ϡһǻܳȡһ˰
̲ס͡ЦĴָӢ
֮ҲЩ⣬ֻ˽􏪣ǳ붫ֿսбҪǺ𣿡
΢ЦԺսԺ£ûд̣ǾͻǳˡǶ˫£˭ҲԿѵã
̧̧֮üû뵽㾹ͨ͸
̾ϢҲͨ͸ǿöˣѧľ顣ιμҲһھгԹʹҲԼӰ졣һңչĵһĽǰҿɲʼٸߡ
˵öԣָ̧֮˸ļ磬û˱􏪸ʺʵˣһ
պ󣬶ʹ߹Ȼִ˽ҵĿľѡó׾ݵ㡣
Ϊڽҵ̸Уռ˵ơ粻֮˵֮£Ȼ붫ûôֿͽ˽ó׾ݵڰڵǡ
Ǹ붫ֲԶسǣ˴дפĿΪϮԺͿ˵Ǳͬó׾ݵˡ
ѡó׾ݵֿ֮ʼ̸ó׹Ϊǡ̸еĽȻǷֺãһöԷķڷԼԿ
һԿĿ࣬ʹ̸ְȻոûôڡ
̸ϸ֮󣬱˵֮ͨǾô̶ˣͷдЭ飬λǩֻѺˣ¾ˡ
ع񣺡ã
ͨЭ齻У􏪿˺⣺áǼܻȡƷҲһ˰աôǩɡ
ǩֻѺоǿͨˣԪʽš
ȵȷпͨʱѾӽĩˡ߹ƽ֮ûȥ߽滻ɽڽҵ􏪹꣬һɽ˻㽿޹ꡣ
Ҳˣ􏪺ܿģ߹غ£ͶˡǶþûһ˰ɡ
ķӦȴˣǰֶйͽˣ߹ﻹأе㳰
һ㶣׹ָǿУȻֻͨó׵£
˸ۣˣǲǲһͳˣƫһ磬ҲͲˡ
ҲЦ˵˭˵Ҳһͳˣ뿪вìѽ
˵ȻǵˣǾûģң
ʵˡֻóҡݻѽ
ݻܴӶȻǵȱСֵ֮ʲôôеģǶУûУҲܴӵ¹Ȼ봦áеģǾͲУ˵
˵ʵܵ˼ǣǾͲó
նش𣺡ԣҡʲôûУҪһȺ⡣
΢΢һЦʵ˵°ɡ˵ĳңԶĵطһȣģǿʢ¸ң㣬ĲƸǵʱǸ֮һʵڼΪϹԵĹȫƲۣ಻óԸÿԵĹʵ۱Դ򷢽лӵ̬ʹ˼һЩ鱦ҵȫĮġȻһǿĹңʮ֮һĹְڵᣬÿүȿͨͨ̿ڰ֪Ϊ𣿡
գգۣΪΣС˿ڶࣿ
􏪵Է˲ˣˡ
ⲻܣƬ̺ˣ֣д£ΪΣ
􏪵ΪСڴšεʱ򣬷ɱǿȫԵȵɱһȺճӤΪ˭Ӯ
þɵĿ􏪣Ǳƭҵİɣ
΢΢һЦⲻǹ£¡˵ʹõǸըɣһ£ڴȥڵйĶбѿΪӮ𣿡
۾ǲһһӮս
˵ɡСϵľƴΣӴԺ̻̲գһֻҰܹ˺ҧһڡӴԺֱɹ㿴ҹԴʽϹ𣿡


165 
, ʲôʱܹŪ˵ǱԼСĴˡĹעȻеƫ
ε̯֣ⲻܾģÿͱ, Ҿöûʵˡڵˮƽ, ҪеѶʵе
Щʧ, ֻصԭĻ⣺, Ѿ, ȶȻҪǿö, ԸûҪٸɡ
бǸϹĻʵҲôģĿµһεʱ򣬶ԷڲעĿĽѾչ׳С󣬺ɱЦҾҹɹ, ۶ԷôСҰ, ֵѧϰĵطûУҲܳΪ֮, ־ʿҲᱼǡ˷ܻӢšڼΪǿߡ
ǿűоѧԷĳˣ
Ųһѧõһѧҿ˲ûл, ǵƥëƤҩģǵĲҶ˿ǳԿ𣿸οǻܴгȡ˰
ĬƬ, ڲٷ£ؽҿ, ҾѾԻ
Цҡͷ, ҵԶڵһλ, Ǹ˵ʵҪŭ㲻ԸǡȥŰɣþûһԷˡ
Էʱ􏪾Ʊ˵ѵöˣһһԸҷǳˡһʵսֳפ߹أȶҴ󰲽ɽĶ룬ίʵࡣһҾ㣡
Ʊҷ֮£˵⻰̫ˡֵ֮䣬ôȾƣ
¾ƱԱߵ̲֮ס̾һֿԼԵİƽ̧̽һɫĶƽǻġ
ƽƽʱϵȽ룬ȽϰЦ˸оǸȽˡ
ʵҲˣܶʱǰ˵񲣬ʱ촽ǽţԵʮֿȽ϶棬ͯܺԣ԰ƽ̫Ըλ׽
ƽһۣЦ˵ĶȻҪ£Ҫлл塣
ƽ˫ֽӹһ˺̱ʯС䵶ƽһɭһѼС
֮˵õƽҪעˣ⵶ɶϣϸԼ
ƽһ£Ȼ󽫵ʣЦտлл壡
˵Ѧһ֮ɽ꣬Ѿ͵ˡ⻹ǻԵɺ֮µģеСɡ
л壬һúñܵġжвģƽȻҲϲ
Ц˵Ϊ㻹ŸһҲһ
̧üҪʲô
ȳԷ˸㡣˵
극ߣ֮ͰƽҲظȥһΣ֮е􏪵뷨ɵ̾˿ã
􏪽쵽ԣƥ˹۾ֱˣ֣㾹˿Ҫ͸𣿡
ЦƥǼɽӲ˹Ĳ˹ԡɫĽ磬Ѿ֮ˡɫĸйͣΣ
¶ϲ֮ɫððлл֣Ȳȥͷʹ˸ǣҲû飬Ƣ˳
ЩȲؽǣҹ񫡣
˵ų˷㲻аߵòܣ
£ҲܿˡԺתһȦ̾񫣬ֱųȥˡ
ں溰ܿˣ
֪˵䣬һһѾӰǸȰġ
֮˵㾹Ȼ͸
Ц˵ƽʱҲôţһƥԣʵ˷ѣ͸áƺҲûʲô
֮˵ǵ˺ԣѡһƥԼðɡ
á
ƽͻȻѩˣ
̧ͷȻϸѩӿƮЦǣȥѩʱںУ굹ǿһѩ
֮ץס֣ǣƽ֣˵ѩ˿С¯ƣߣȥ̾ƺȡ
ʦ𣿡ƽȥѩ
İɡ􏪴
ǵҶѩ𣿡
ԡ
ʦҲѡ
̫ˣ
Ԫǰһգҵһѩѩгɰûİƽ˻ˣѩ˹ҲˮὫ·Ūࡣ
Ҳͷһؼôѩ֮һ𣬶һһ˸ߵĴѩˣԺѩ˵ĸ첲ϻһ̬䡣
Ԫգѩδдǲͣ􏪰꣬һͬȥϽ롣
ǣǲδǰ֮󣬾ͷ׷ɢˣظңɸ˹
􏪿ЦλĪвٷ
һۣ£ࡣ
Ԫջ࣬Īʲôͻ¼􏪽ӹŽɵؿһۣͻս£ҲӦɱ֪ͨԼ߹£֮ܶԼؿƿ
􏪴ۣһۣʱЩһݿԼıģǧ֣ӹŵ񣬴ϵ£ڵ⣬Ҫԡ
􏪽ѾʮˣƵ۾꣬ȴһʵ˷˼ǻʵ۰ĺùϵҵ˥ˡ
Ұʵ֮Ĺϵ֮Ϊ顢ϽȻȢޣһֱסڹУʵԾĪ緻䴫ԵǸ䣬ֻɫ
􏪺Լ趼ûƹ飬û뵽վһȺ˱ƻˣۣڼϣ˵λ䶼ڣ޽ҲҪ幽ʮˣǫƷԶ˷ѧТ޾Ϊ̫ӡڳλ価ľ̫ӡ
⻰һȫȻŵˣôҲû뵽􏪻취Կǵĳ󣬲Լ׹ΪȻԼֶⲻͬڽɽ
һ£֮λҪ˼аΪպĽɽ²ȶ
ü޾并㹻ʤδ֮λѡݣƷ¡±ôɣ顣ˣһگ飬ԪϢѸ¡
ڳĺܶ˶˼
ֻ֮û
˵˰ţȻ⣬λͲҪ̫ˡ
􏪿ŹһصĹԱͷֻ̧˻ӣˣԪλӦȥˣپʼ֮ˡλҲػʵ۵ƷѪԵο并ҹ⣬ʷֶΪĻʵѵ𣿡
⻰ǰһȺ󳼶µƿԣ􏪳ףӵĻҪֶһλ
һЩ˵̲סλÿһֶۣΪĶҲʸλϧǣҲûӣֵǾˣʲôë


166 Ű
ʹٹٶƽΪ, Ȼǲûиѡ񣬳˰ƽûиʸΪѡʮ, Ҳȷ˸͡
¾ô, ٹشģȴһȫƫ˷򣬵ȵӹгȻ£ǲҪѡ, ô¸ˣ
һλҡͷ̾Ϣ, µ˼λף, бҪ𣿡
˶οЦӱ治ˣֻ˵λ̫ǿƣ¾Ҳģ治֪Ǹǻ
һӻҺ󹬣ʲôҲֹֻ, ҵ˵, Ͼλ˭ǵ𰡡
ֻԽط˸Ѫ˵С´˫, ϣǸɡ
ʵ̫, 􏪻صů, ѥкѥ˵ů, ȺءץһѰ»ӿ, , ͸ྐྵ, ϧѻڴ˰´½пĹ
ѥӣ􏪶ƽΪ
̧ͷЦ԰ûӣһ˭
治ʺԼˣһ޷⣬ʷж֮ĻʵۣҲûвȢӵģָ涼ӢΨһеɫǻ衣
􏪰֣ˣ֮Ͱƽ㹻ˡ
ѹʣ֣ңĸԸģǵ᲻ˣ
һ㶣Ȼ΢΢ЦȻĸԸġʵ˵ʵڻΪˣ˭Ը檳ȺÿջŻʸкӣǻʵۣȷҲȨǶ룬Ҫ檳ȺһҲᡣԼʩˣң㹻ˡԵڡ
̧̧üԼǡ
ʱű£˵
űƿΪĸ̴ӽû뵽֮һֱŽվȻˣĪǷŵĻȥ˰ɣʱЩȡ
֮һ֦Ųѩĺ÷үҲڣ£ҷżݵ÷Ưȥժһ֧㡣
Цȥӣ֦÷ƯøƿϣҪϡ
֮÷ŵתȥѰ÷ƿƬ̺Ѱһֻ÷ƿӾֵﵹ˵ˮ÷ȥ
Цû뵽Ὣ߳ƣսŷɥҲд÷ˡ
֮üһЦȷţĳүһԺӵΪ
􏪿ǰˣͻȻЦͻȻһ仰ͻϸǾޱ
֮ϸϸһ
ĴָݼΪУὫƼ
Ҳ˵ģһλʥԡЦţ壿
ʣʲô壿Χҿɲ档
塣˵
֮Ѿȥȡˡ
˵ôὫ棿
֮Ц
􏪿һۣҲ档֮ˮƽ̫ߣ壬ԼӮˡ
ֵ壬ʼɱ
֮һԹ岻˳􏪰Ĺ˷ŵһ߳ԣһ塣
ˮƽеˣܿͱ􏪱ƵŴңЩĸ̧꣬ۿŶˣһеԹ⣬һ˹ذŹǣǻЦ⡣
㽫һã˵ǲǹģǰ԰ڣӰˡ
􏪻عĿĹ⣬Ц֪ʵиضĽз
ʲô
Ű
Ű

Ƭ̣Ȼ֣۸ˣ
􏪼Ц֮ҲеﲻסЦǽƵǴǸġ
ˣԪأ㲻˵ҪȡЦһӾȫˡ
֣ˣ㣡治ˣ
˸ץ˼Ĺһӣһ˵ˣû˸Ұ⡣
ǵĻȿƲסһɡ
ڰ֣ˣĸԸģҲ㡣
Ҹ
һ֮˰ɣԼ
􏪸˵Ĳ豭˵ҪҲҸ¡и֪֪ȵˣҲйͷ
۾̾˿ѩˣͷҲûˡ
һʱ䲻֪ôӻԭôŵ顣
֮ͻȻ˵ү֪أȪ֮¶Ȼʮο֪һֱʹ֮УȻҲᰲġӦõģҲԶڻ֮С
􏪲Ťͷû뵽Ὺĵ֣֮˵öԣ˲ܻڹȥҪǰһձһպãѵûøһЩ𣿡
ͷ˵öԡҳȥߣ뱻Űˡ
̲סЦȥɡ
뿪֮֮˵һ̣
ץס֣ˣ
á
ͷ֮ͷϣ˵
ץ֣֮һĺ룺ֳÿƿָϸָڷĵļ̫ˡȽ¶ˣϵļӲɡ
֮˵ǲҲûʲôԸΪִػ¡
ͻȻ˵ûҪӣ
֮һ£ӣ˭𣿡
Цִ̧ţ
֮ץȭͷڴǣ˾ͲȰ֮ͬһѨʱ˳ҵƷˡ
⻰ͷе㷢᣺áҪҲһ㣬һӰɡ
֮ͷһ£ˣûлλҪ̳СһӣⲻɹءԼ⿪ֲ⣬ɣûгûܹҡ
ֻס֮ţ˳ǻѪΪԼұðƽúТ㡣һ
֮æֶס죺ޣ˵⻰ʲô
֣˵ðɣ˵ôƽ㶼һ
ǵȻʦʦɲһġҪƽΪ̫ӣ
ţȻ˭жӣ˵Ҫһ£ûУǾֻаƽˡ˵
֮̾Ϣ֪᲻ﲻƽ⡣
Ҳܲˣ˭ԼءҿӣӦҲһرעġ
ϣˡõģ㿴ء֮˵
ţҵĶ룡˵
¾Ͷ³ţڽϳĵڶա⼸Ѿƽ˵ˣҪΪ̫ӣж԰ƽѵ
İƽѾˣɻʣΪ̫ӣԺ㲻ܵ𣿡
⻰￩һ£ڱ˵Щ£˵ˡǵΨһĶӣ̫㲻˭
ƽʱЦտϲˣôĺӣ֪̫ζʲôһ㣬ǵΨһĶӣһ޶ģûܷߡ


167 
ƽѵ, ֱ°͡Ҫ˵ƽҲǴСͱԴߵģȻ⺢Ӿʲôضòк֮, վûվ࣬û, ȫǸһҰ, 治֪ô̵ġ
ֻôͷʼһһ𣬰еơƽסðͦعһ, ˵ˣޡ
˵ȥɡȥٻء
ƽһȥһ, Ȳˣһ, üһ, ԺŸһֻС档һɤӣ£
ƽյţˣ
Ī, ǻҪѵǡϲŭ, мϡ
ƽֻ÷СӣվԹԻѵ
ѵǳϿ, 顢Ƶȸ涼Ҫѵӡɡ硢繭½Ǿ֮, °յıʣԱҪ̬˷˷ٹٺͰա
ƽЦǵ˵ˣҪ, ĶǸơ
һûϣ˵̬ʹĹѵ, ǶԾӵҪ, Ҳɵһֱ, С¶ãһλأ
ƽƶǶգգۣұҪѧǣܵ𣿡
ͷԡ
ƽֻɵ̬ȣΣʼ﷦ζѵΡѵһʮĺ˵ֱĥһһӻУʱǾͺܼ尾ˡ
Ӻ󣬰ƽ˵ˣˣˮ
˵ʱֱ̧ܽͦͷͦءոֲҪҶ
ƽּһӣʵܲˣ飺ҲûôΪʲôҾҪôƽʱ仹࣬Ըȥ
Ǵֱ֮˲£¹ΪһҪѧϰιı죬Ե˷ʱ䡣˵
˴Բӣ֡䡢顢Ϊգϰǿ֮Ч˷ʱ䣿􏪲֪ʲôʱˣӹĻͷ
ŵæת񣺡£
ƽ􏪣ʱ񿴵˾ǣ顣
˵ˣ
˵ˡ
˵ɣѪҺͨӰ쳤
ллƽϽʱΪûվ
˺һѣ˵Сϲϲѵʱ䲻ҪӣסЧá
Ҿӹѣֻ½סԻóСĥһ¡
˵⵹صģƽ˽ⲻǸערעĺӣһĳ£Уǳáֻѵϵ̼ɡ
˭˵ʵ۾͸һΣ£ƽʱαΣֲǿԷġ
􏪣૵˵¶Ե»᲻̫ˣ
бݣûãӾ͸ñԣʲôθʲô¾С
ﻹͦԲסƽģСС;ͱԼӴԺҲûгеɣһӿֻܶڻʳתˡ
ãʵ治ʲôְҵѡƵĻãʮˣԺȥľȥģƵĻʵۣһӶԶˡ
һСԸȰƽˣܹһˣλԼ֮ȥˡȻеԲסƽƽҲѧԼӰˣȻҲӳȥˡ
ƽ˵ĿͣڲóʱĳһˡȻеôȸܶҲܲԼĶͷ˾ֻܰҪѵ
³ţʽ֮󣬳͢Ѹ´£ӴԺ􏪱˼̳ˡ
ƽ̫ӣд󳼱ҪϹظѡ̫רϰ
ûͬ⣬ðƽȥѧѧٴԱƽڿΣӸ˽ҵԼ͢ģʽ
ٴһ㣬׼ðƽȥʵϰӻѧϰδ⡣
һ˳ᢵĵŷḻˣֻ֪ʶ̸ֻֽˡ
ƽȻܵƤ⺢ӴӱΪ̫֮ѵӾ˲٣ѧϰԾࡣۣõĸۡ
ʱԵɣֻҪпգĵظ⣬һЩʲô£ΪʲôҪ̺õİ취Դ̡
ʽֺ֮֮ԥȥûùɽȥ»ӦڼҶӱҪһɿˣ֮ɽҪһ
ʼһֵĹԱѡοֿʼˡ􏪴ƿٸΪһȵѡƶȣΪѡοԹܼ˲ųɳʱ䲻һ棬ǵĳֳ͢ԱԱ
ܿϧһνԵѧûŮԣӱȥܿȡνǸ档Ҫõı䣬ҪҪʮꡣ
ǵıһвȻ붫̶ֵǰóסҲ׼˲ٲҶ˿񡢴ƥƷȥĸϡ
ЩƷ쳣ܶȻ˵ϲóԤڵĻҪȡ
ҲǾеĵһ꣬տؾͽ˻ĴģʽնͷһظԼأȸԾ֮ԱԺµʳֻ轻ٸ˰ҲûˣӲ
ȥպʼͷ˹棬ҪˮʵǨؽҵ֮󣬻빤ڳˮȻЧ΢
ˮڲͬÿҶȥ޹ΪԼģǰˮڰԼˮǿɹϵԼʳĲܲأ


168 
̫, ӫġ
̫ʷ˾󣬾һ亹Ϊӫζ½ңǽɡ
, ڳ̫ʷ㱨, ˵һ֪ˡ
´޲ʧɫ, ȴû˸˵,
ͷ󺹵̫ʷһûµģ˵, ¹ش, ӱܻС
̧ۣʲô
̫ʷڵأˡӫģΣ, ƻ˲ܽΧԹžеƻڳһĳλ󳼴ʵȥ, ʵ۾Ͳ䡣
׹̧ۿһµµİٹ, û˸̧ͷ, ЦΪҪƻˣѵ޵˵Ĺأ, , Ҫȡ, Ǿɡ, ڵأ°, , ȡ²ᡣ
̫ʷ, ֻ˵ּ
дҲû˸ȰΪһȰ˾ǿɻ
˳􏪵鷿£ӫǵ£Ĳˣ
΢΢Ц㿴޻̸֮𣿡
˵ǲŵģȻ˻ţգָҥŲţ
˵ɢҥԣ
ͷǡ
üǱ˳ϣ˭ɢҥԡ
ּ
պ󣬰ƽѧӻЩף􏪺⣺˴ˣ
ƽһۣͷţͬġ
˵Ϊδܣ
ƽίؾ죺ѧ˵ӫģͷ޵˵˾Ů˶ˣҸٳҪܵͷ
͸Ǵˣʡ
ûУۣͬǼʶǳŮ޲ͬƲŮˣ͵ͬƲǵ׺ͽá˵ңҴˡƽ˵
οԴƽ˵ûԿ𣿡
ûУ˵øأһݶҴˡƽ˵
ЦúáûðʦָƣŪҩ
û£ѾˡƽνСƬ̺¶֮ɫǸӫĺ𣿡
˵أȻϰŵǣǸӫǣеһšôСʵǸڵĵطΪԶԲԵô΢СĵطʵҲϵһǡ
ƽ۾˲󣺡𣿵
΢Цͷġ󲻳ɣڵĵطӦýеҲƯ֮С
ΪʲôûƮأƽʺš
˵˵ָΪˡΪһǶûƼʲôӵУ
ƽ룺ǰǷݣҲзƮûзˣͻ׹䵽ϡأΪʲôܷɣ
Ц˵幹ڲͬɣҲԶͣڿУջǻ
ƽСԴ⿴ȥһֻСϷɵϣŶ̫˼ˡǸӫĲҪ𣿡
ҪΪӫǺ޲ǹ̶ģҲ˶ģǵĵҲһֱ˶ߵһϵʱ򣬾ͳӫĵ󡣡􏪸ųֱߣʾ
ƽ˵ǹΪʲôҪ˵ӫģÿʱ򣬻ܻᷢս
ҲÿζսˣǾͽɺ϶Ϊһֹɣʵ߸ʲôϵƽҪסֻл޵ӹܵĵᱻƷһӢʰĻʵۻԶðյӵ
ƽͷҼס˵һһӢʰĻʵۡ
οӵԴͶˡ
Ȼϣҥ𣬶ڮ􏪵ġ˳ץˣ˵˻Ǯ˵ģ˵ȴҲˣˡ
룬û׼Ƕt˴ҥԣҲпĳػĵ˴ģô˵棬˿˳ۡ
Զԥݵ֮ԣɱء
􏪼־ϲôˣ
֮ץסĸ첲´û°ɣ
˵û°
֮§ڻû¾ͺãû¾ͺá
룬˵㲻ǸʲôӫĵԻİɣ
֮˵԰ӫ󷸵ǣҵ㡣
Ƕ޻̸֮š˵ˣڻʵֲֹһô£ô֪Ƿǣ􏪿ЦƵİο
ǸΨߣȻЩڳΨ۽Ͳ֮ͨΨ壬϶ᵣԼô˵ȷʵһЩɡ
֮Ȼοˣ˵ҲеǱߵȷзһ׮¡
ףʲô
֮ӫĳûãݳߣ֣ݱٻ٣ҹϨʮˡݳǲòѡַؽ
Ϊͨ㣬Ϣ»ûд􏪶С
֪ʵҲȻν콵ֻʯ׹䣬ʯ׹շӵģǲʯͦġ
֮ؾֻգ㷵ԥȥˣƵҪսǾȥȽϺá
֮󣬳ˮǳ١絾֮󣬲ٵطֲȥҶصˮʩ޵û˺顣
絾ûʲôӰ죬ǴգղҲôļֲˮģЩͺĻƶһ㡣
Ϸɺȴʮѵһıƺ꣬಻˰¡
ƺˮλǣеμӸǳ˰ѵһĴˮ
ƽԭոӱ˰պˮȥȫˮУգʧء
ƽԭڣճôӰ죬һ޴􏪺֮Ԥнһ⡣
ƺʳﶼһһûճɣǾ͵һ궼ûճɣռǾԳŲڶճɵġ
οǰ껹֣Ÿһַˮ֣ҵٷҲġ
ˮ󣬰½һЩѵְգЩϼҴڣϧðɱͷΣգԽ߽磬ӵ˰ڡ
ֶӵİմ쳣أ֣㴦Լ̡ǻԸðԽ磬ΪӳҲ·һ
տʼֻǵ֮ˣǴ񣬷·ϵȺһ㣬Խ߽磬򰲹


169 
˶, פر߾ĽȻҵģæǿѲأٷ, Ϊлϸ
Ƕڹؿǰˢˢع󣺡ү, , кãǹȥɣҲͶ·, ǻ, ҪΪ˵Ŀˡȱʳ, Ҫɱǵ
־ڵĺˣƽʱںƽԭֹ֣ٸ˰, ͢
Ȼʱ, һҲǡһιƽԭغ, ݻʳ, Ȼ͢ĸ˰ȴֺ١ʣ˰֮󣬼Ҳˡ
ֳ͢ȴκͬ飬ܴӹٲóʳǡοֱҲȱһ, ˱˵ĴŮ뺢ܻӭ
߹ؽʿʱ˴˵е򣬵˴ԭʱһȱ, ɱ˳伢, ˸, 
û뵽ֱջδʵ˷ָ
߹ؽ˵£ݴʷʾʷҲ͢㱨롣
Ҫϸ̲飬ֱСͬʱҲҪǿ䱸ֱпܾ͸Ⱥ棬ʱϮŰ
ϣ͸ŴȺ°ŮˡӺͲֶ֮ӣ˷ָ
ϰ˵СӣԽ߾͵ϮڵĴʳߡǶÿȥÿ죬ÿÿȰʿϵ˱Ѿˡ
ڲû̫ԱΪش߽磬Ѿ˰ձܵķӦʧʳȲ
֮ע⵽Щд»ؾԼĳƻ
֪һ⣬׼࣬źڣΪ̺·
ʵٵطغ飬˵˴ֲ̣ӽʳҼ＾գҲõĶӡ
͢͸õˣֶģ㡢ݲܺӰ죬ʳΪ͢ṩԴԴϵʳ
ݵȻȫԿΪֻ֡ڴ˾ӪʱޣһˮԶľӪĹ㽻ݣĿǰ˵㽻ݲ֡
ֻҪ㽻ݲ֡􏪱㹻ĵ
֮ʮΣ±ݣȴִʱ׼ַ
ֽǸգٺ£Ǳȱʱѵʱ֮Ҳż˳ʰЩ۾Լײֱ
಻Եݰڰָ
ͨԴʹԹٱҲǱ̲ΪٱһǾ͵̣꣬ׯһС£Ӷա
ڵĹٱǰȣֱ̥ǣֻԼӪطΧڻؼӲɧŰգ˵Ͳ֪ôľӾפ
ٱһЩٵֱҲûгֹˣٱͺƻ˰ġ
ҲͷһؾãԭٱôɿɰĴڣԶγҲ֧֣ˣӴԺҲѵӡ
ʿݺϾزȴûУΪȱʳȱʱ򣬾ͳ氲ֻ޶ëʮѹǾ룬ҲûǸӸ޶
ȻˣǾֻܳߵĶߵ¹Ȼ붯֡ԻƺΪ磬ֶ֮ǷⶳڣҪƺӲףΪƥҪɺӾ͸ˣ˼ȥֱ㽫ħצߵ¹Ȼ롣
¹ȻҲ˵һ֧ģĽݡ¹Ȼ˼Ϊս٣Ȼ֣˿ڽֵʮ֮һ
¹Ȼϵ壬Ϊ걱ˮֺ࣬޹أѵõˮݷïţ׳ϲɷˡ
ΪܰĹһĶ죬δϾϮмСԱӣ˼ɱţȺŮ˺ȥū
ǵģͬˣɻͬʳ
¹Ȼ뵥Ľݾ֪쳣ŭΪѣףͬӦԱȻˣΪ¹Ȼ뵥ֻʵ֮һЩ˽£ϵ񣬾ͶϾѹϵ
֮ҲĬ㲻ңҲ㣬ʼల£δйս
û뵽ھȻʵڳĽݾԤϡĽݾ׼ַһս
ͬʱдŸ֮Ҫ밲ˣͬԸ֡
ĽݾǸӼ֮ˣ֪ԼľôսҲ޷Լĵ˿⣬ѧ˺ᣬԼûֱϵİ֣ͬԿ֡
Ͼһֱǰжȥ껹Ȼء
Ľݾһߵ÷ǳԣ͵֮õ˿϶Ĵ𸴡
֪֮־££Ҫָϵԭشߣչ٣չûоļƻ
¹Ȼ뵳вǿǵķΧ֮ڣҪǣҲõ¶֣ȻԱ˵
ΪĽݾ飬֮ǰ
̫£֮ʴݳ룬ֱءһ·ϣϡ٣ûʲôֿԼֽȫѹ¹ȻĶԿϣһرפ
صҪҽɽмխͨһһͨУؾֻҪͨǶסͺͻơ
פνӣϾһƣϾҪʧأҪ£Ȼҵġ
۹հҪȻǷġȷ潫ʱΣ޹Ҳܲء
֮˼ǰ󣬾õУţز˵Ҳ̫ʿˣ̾ûˡ


170 
֮ѹ, Ϊɽ·ֻһɽеɽȣعطֻɽ಼ʿ, ӸͶʯż, Ӿǻӣ޿ɱ, ûлء
ǰʿγ޹ԭ
֮˲ٲˣǧͷţ¿ӣϣȻǣҹɫڣٵȼ, ţȺܵ쾪, ƴɽܣǧڵ̡
ɽϷ־ΪϮ, ƴɽзżʯͷ
һּʯŹ֮, ֿʼڶţȺء˼, ɽͷؾʯĵòˣϾʯͷռط, ޵ģûˡ
ҲûʯͷɽͷʱڷʿǶ, ׶ԹһķãֻҪûʯͷ, ȥٵöࡣ
ȵ˹ؿǰ, ٲ, ׼õġըسšһ֮ûϧΪ˼ը˺ü֣ڽعؿڸըˡ
һ̴ҹһֱؾȥŶ׳سȥ
֮ûгʤ׷ΪһƽĹƽԭԺҪԵģսÿһǶսҪúоƻȫ
ʧأϢʱը˹ؾ볤ֻ輸ܵǾ͸ˣҲ㵽ˡ
Ҳ˵ѾƽسʧأΣӣ
ֻʵԪ̹ټȺԲߣټڹ¹Ȼسͬʱɳ͵Ľʿȥسذ
ݵõ߱ʮңϳ󣬸ս˽Ա
Ҳһ򣬸ʵǲ̫֮ҵģȫ׼􏪶뵽ˡ
պ󣬰س⣬־
سڵ־󣬵־ܲӭս
֮Ƚ֣ص־忤еĲһЩطΪɽأԲΪ־ΪóسǣҲԸسǡǾܲӭս϶ڵԮʱ䣬ԮҲõˡ
ЩգӳҲõˡ֪Ǹǰǵġ
֮ڰ֣޷ǾǰһչҲδܹسǡٴԮӳˣҲǵĺûᡣ
ϣڶգڵظϵˡؾԮһʱ˿ϽӭӣȻҪǵԮôæ̫ƣᱻ͵Ϯ
֮͵ϮûȤ£ŶǱ񣬲ðա
ݵľ㶨
ԭؾˣ֮սʧһС֣ԮҪ
ʮˣвһʵ˵˵ռƣΪһս൱
֮ûǵȶԷ
͵Ľ죬һ֮ɵְʮˣΪֵһս񣬴δйܼʮ򰲾ҲʮţΪ̫ˣһ󣬶Ըֱǿвһɡ
ԮʱģϢ㿪ʼŽǣսģ׼սƺѼձƣͷУսپϢ
֮ǰ˿봲֮УϱѸٳ롣ոճ룬ƺĴֳ
Ĵ󲻽ԶһǶ뷢￪Ŀꡣ
Ҵַϡ밲ϴһξʱ򣬾˵һ󹥻ٱڵսмףϵˤڵϣеֱӾͱˤ˲ӡеˤȥûµģȴ㲻汼۶㣬˲ء
ǰƥһĽͱˣֱӱǰƥڵء
ԴԴϵسԶɱ󣬵ҲԵȱ㣬ڱأװ֣ͽˣ͸ϲϵнٶˡ
оʱܿͱ󳷣ϡͨԶ󣬶ұȴҪ١
֡Ѿ̷Χڣϣ乭ڳʽ
֮һܣ
ж־ƣסĹ
ͬʱִ֮һ󣡡
ƺĲ׷׿ʼʮΪһλ˳ֶܣ˳ֹ˳ֵ˾ɳĳìʱ׼Ը
֮ǰ߳Ҳʼʼ
ȵ嵽ǰʱѾǧˣû뵽ģΪǳӴİ̫һˣɱǰδ
Һܿ죬֣һ֧սǰŰİҲҪǿö࣡ʿѵأƲϵСĲȴеĳìһʱܽޱȵʿڵء
֮˷Ŷģͣǵ͵ĽͶ֣幥̫ǿؾͻᱡ
һĲ涼ʤڲŽһ£ͷֲĲ㣬СԸٺʲˣԹͬʱܷء
ΪֻҪ̱ӣǾγɾ޴ʵѹðľ׷ӣȴδϵһν棬ߵһ塣
Ԥϵ෴зʧ󣬼ȴѾʧ˺üǧ
ۼżʿɢܾѶæձͣⳡս
֮ûгʤ׷зҪ赲ġսʱ򣬷ּжԷʮ֮һ֮һЧˣ


171 
Ǳӻس, һһ̾ȻǧˣǧԼ, ֱܴ裬ʱԹỊ̇
˿, ǿ϶ҪҲǸίʵ, ùƣС
֮Ҳڽ, λӦ
յΪԲ, , Чǳ˷ܣĴָ䣺Ὣ㣬Բһ, ۶ôκβǡ
֮ҡͷ־Ұܣȥ跨´øı󷨲С
ɱҪ󷨵ɱЧ̫Դڹԣ, ûɱһ󷨡
˵Ҳ, ´δǲ˰ɡѾ֪д, ͲԸˡ
֮ᶨǲǣǱΧسǡسƲȥģǸ˸лĻᡣ
سǳأüͷǵ֮ǰ𣿵Ļǳаա
֮̾Ϣ˴ӲѺ˵, ֻʹ, йߵĹ, ǹĿ
ŲǾֱըšӦͼʶ֮ģԵʴȣǶԼ˵Ĳ̡
ʮͬ飺ñá
صسУŲ֮˽󣬶ûлӦڵϣըسš
ֱһʱҳһţʶȥǣ֮ŷָûʲôãΪƥ̫࣬߶߲ô̡
˵ųֹǻĪľ죬ȻžͱˣȻǰĳص
ʵҲûسڲֻδ뵽û뵽ûԷѾȲȶˡ
سǱͲƥѾӵһƣƥڽֵ֮УƾǰҲӲ̸û
Σֻ˴ţųǣͼ㡣
֮ԤϵѾʱ֮⣬ֻҪһһٹź
ʱ˶Ʊ㷢ӳˣһ˸ˣһ˻㹻á
ԼʱѾͣˣѾ˲١ӭǵѾкİ
һΣõͨľʿһ飬бֶ뵶Ҫмгֳì
ÿ齫ʿм϶˱϶вһ·ϱ㽫ܳì뵶ʺ
ڰУȻǻŲ·Ķп϶Ķߣǵģǰ͡
һνΪǱһ̣ڱӶʧȥȻֻһζرֻܴӺڰɱһѪ·ʱˣ˵ľȻ˴룬أ
ⱲӶûԹôĿصķһҪҧ飬裬û˺úôһ̣ѿܷ
ȻЩͷɥĽʿջû۷ȥۻȥҪͷ
֮Ǵȫʤسǣɻƥս²ǧ˲е־
Ⱥֲб۾ҪὫЩֲбҿɱ˰ɣǺˣ˷ҩʳʼǸ
֮üͷʵ뷨ҲýЩɱˣϾ࣬ı죬пܻǻ£˵˵ҪɱҪԵ·ˡ
޺޵شһ¼һôģɱȺʲôǿǻΧǵʱɱǺͬĹ֣ûгʳʱɱǺ˵Ե˵ɱģӦȫɱˣʬҰҰʳ
һС˵Ҽǵñ˵սĿΪ˺ƽҪԺ˽Ȼٶн̻ǽǵĻ׺ԺͲΪˡ
Щؿ˼һۣСսбӢ£ʾӹƳţ˴󹦣˵δ̫棬ֱܱ̻ǸЦ㱻̻Ҳһİǣǡ
⻰˴Ȼ󲻿˵үҺʦܾҶˣΪǸڱµ˲ࡣ
֮üͷү˵δ̫ƫ޹֣֮βܱ̻ǾвĽʿ˵ǲڱ£ǵġ
һʱڨڨ˵ҪҲЩͨˣЩսЩĸûմ˵Ѫѵ
ʹΪ޶УŲĳޡ


172 
֮һʱ侹֪ôش, Ĭã˵ѲͬүĹ۵㡣ǵĽʿֱץܡ
Ц⻹˵ôұץ, ͷǹٲûҪǵľءԥʲôֱȫɱˣǲڿӣǾֱƺӼ, Ӻι, ˷ѣ
֮üĬ, ɱȷʵԾ, һΥ􏪵ּ⡣
δ뿪ҵʱ, й̽֡
􏪲ɱΪһʿ䣬ҲãҲգݳʿ䣬Ǹסֵܡ
ûмϲɱ¾ս֮Ի̣еΪ, еΪĳЩ˵˽òǹս󲿷˶޹ġ
֪֮􏪱ˣ˼Ҫǰö̻࣬ͨл, ôҶ³, ƽ
Ҫ, 􏪲Ը̫صɱ
֮ʵ̫ͬ􏪵Ĺ۵㣬Щ˴򽻵֪Ϸǲͬģ˱Ұб֣ѧϰɱ¾
Ҫ̻ҲһһϦ̻ܽùҪʮ꣬ܽ˳ͬ
ЩѪֽʿİȫá
ʼղڣ˵ʱԥˣ㲻㶯֣ǹҵš
֮˵ƺ򲻿ɣε˻Ҫء
˿ڣЦ˵ǾͲϵȥȥɣὫ͵֪
ȥ󣬼ʣʦô»㱨
֮Ϊʦ𣿡
˵ʵҲûʲôʣͬʦ˵ǵ˱ץˣֱһŹǣܱѪ
֮ףԣĺǲͬģɱ¾ߡҪ̻ûʮϰҲ겻ɵġ⻰Ȼǰġ
һʣʦʲô
֮˵ͣ˵ĽʿҪսɻƥҪѵĥϣҲˣֶ׼ʱȡʤԷϮǾΪΪˡǱҪɻƥѵ
ȭϥ¹򣺡ʦԸһ֧
֮˵ԣȥƥͽʿץʱ
ǣ
Զֹһ֮Ԥϵ˽սֽɻƥѵʱѾֻǻûˡ
½ɻôƥЩʿܹΪˡ˻úúĥһ²УǲĿڡ
֮дݱʱ򣬾㱨²һ£ֻϢЩɱķ²͵սϼĵˡ̫ƣ֪׮º϶ѹ
бֻӻسֻʵԪ̹ŭѣսˣֱдӵʲô콫Ȼ԰̡
Ϊս񣬴ްܼԪ̹裬ƽŰ裬ӲͬŷУʱ˰ֻ̣ǲ٣½ģ̫Уų˰̣ѣȻװôཫʿս
Ժݺݵس˵˵һۣ˵شˣҪѪˣԴȡt֮󣬰ʵ˲ֹһΡǻһּΪıǰ忤ʱһܷĶֱӺ俪
Ԫ̹˻棿ɿǺֱ
ҡͷ֪δü
Ԫ̹ʣ塢ԼسǶͬİ취Ƴŵģ
˵ǡ
Ԫ̹ɫͻȻЩ԰ףͷҲʼð亹˼ǣҲӲŵˣ
˸˵ҲʶԣѾˣ͸ǳˣ˵ôǲҲΣˣ
һ˵£ԸػƳǵĻᡣ
Ԫ̹˵ˣȥһ£ǺӶ˳ţ
𣺡ּ
һλ飺£ʮѾƽǵȰ˳һб㶼ˡΪ½ӦðδʴӭУڳ⡣
üֱðɣ½ˣнʿǴȥ𣿡
½˵ǰ½˵зսթʧȻܡԷȻǲΪû׼޷ʱڽģȥ͵Ϯ
˵ǰҲǶôҲˣ㣿ȴ顣
½Ц½սƣδ԰̣һΣ㱻˵ʤ಻ǽĳ԰˲һսˣ
Ԫ̹˵Խ𣬱ڳפأûٻǣ
֪꣬ʵۿʼԼֻù𣺡ּ


173 ս
ҵ, ̫
һֱ£ͥԺ꣬һ紵, һƬƵҶŷ, Ʈڵϡ
΢΢̾, ֪, ȻôŨˣ֪û, ֮ͽʿǵ±Ƿܹ
, ԶԶؾͽ£
æתͷˡǾ鵽ˣ
첽ߵ􏪸ǰ, ϲɫ, ὫĽݱ, ˣȫʤ
ϴϲ̫ˣҿ
ŵݵ, ע⵽Ե, е˵»ȥɣ㴩, ׸Ⱦ纮ǼҲ̫, ô֪ø硣ЩһԵ̡
ԣڰ֣޷, ҲԸﶳ, , ûô׸Ⱦ纮
תȥ, һһ߲š֮ӻ, һǽݱ, ģһǼ飬д˱
􏪴Ѿ˵Ľݱóֽһ߿̲סԼСأߵн򣬻ɻһƥսȫʤ
˷ܵͷЦ̫ˣ̫ˣӮˣС
ȭϲ£ϲ£³ָտɴˣ
˵ˣеޱ͹ȥ𣿡
˵·ģ͹ȥˣʱѵˣýʿǴů˯ûҪ̣Ǳʧְˡ
ڣұ㰲Ķˡǰ֮㣬ǶǰĶ롣ο˵
ЦǱιз
􏪹ЦҲǶǡյΣͳƳ𣿡
˵Ѿˡ㽻ݲӰ죬ӰҲݶЩӰ죬ʳҡ
˵ǻáصطƽ⣬ʳĵ㹻ĵ䣬ƺۡ
Ц²صģѰ
صͷսڼֳɰڴһ١¹Ȼ벻֪Ƿɿֵ֮ǰȥ֧ԮҲܵģҴɹɽȥפءǵķ壬ҪЭһ𣿡
ǻ飬̵ľ鲻κ佫ǵ͵ȫţ֮ɽڵʱصĶ
ڴӦԡùɽȥر߾ǵĶֻֽˣ
􏪵ͷ˫лԪ̹³ɼ붫ֽԿǡͿԪĽݸôˡ
˵ҵǾãֲǻᾲ䣬Ļȸ
üǾҪӷˣͷժӡ
ֿ֪϶ǻģԪºĽݸҶǱض֪ݺĵһһǶ֡
ʱ򲻹һдѹͦģΪҪɵȥˣԿ൱ԣҪɽɳȥ
˵ȻӦ붫ǽսģһսǵĲҶԴͶˡҴܳʹȻֻҪָҶǣȻ֡
ȭ֣´ᣬ˴˼以ǣƣܴﵽĳƽ⡣
ȻȻҲǱڵĵˣڲûб􏪵Ķ֣Ͼм仹Ŷ֣Ȼ˾޶ռ㣬˿ȴǳޣ
ֻҪȻ˵ԱܺƽԺɿڱ߹ؿУó
ǴﵽʢҲͳһǵĴ㣬һж
֮ļ뿪Ŵ򿪵ģ꺮ůԳд֮սϸ̣ԼսķԤ⣬ĩ˻ݵķ顣
˰Уһƽߵؿв֮Уغʶ鴫ȻϲǨ۳áΪشأʱ۳ҿҰӴ
ед􏪲һҪǶڳʣ֮š
дţ´Ҵææվ⣬ڼ˵£Сˡ
ͣ±ʣˣӻǹŮ
ЦݲãǸŮ
􏪴Цۣǹпˡȥⷿʮӣ͸ĸŮӪѣóԵĸС
л£ΪСŮ
룺ǳְ޾ͲԽˡǷɣǾò⣬ɴ˰æ൱ǵĳ
СģĶˡ
һ˵ãְȥɴ˴л£
􏪿ŴȥӰȥ͸ڣϢвҪϲѶ֮С
һ㣬ɽӦٽ˵Ҫȥر߹أɵشӦ˱߾飬ۿܷ״
֮󣬹ɽֹ˵ؼлֱ˵
ɽ˵£һ󡣡
˵㾡˵
ɽ¶ЩɬҸЦݣ˻ˣһȥ֪Ҫãϣܰһ¼١
ʮ־ϲ𣿹ϲҲҪˣ²Ÿո˸Ů˫ϲġ
ɽ²ȥģģ
ԡֻȥɣ޻úտļˡ˵
Ĺɽļ磺԰Ҫˡ
һ˵ӴؽҲҪ˰մ˻ˣҽôã
ɽЦЦĸ¡˵Ҳû̫ﷴӦһֱá
ЦŰɣе״򷢣ƹյ̫ˡȵٲǰһ±ݲ٣ϰ꣬ٻáʲôʱݼ٣մԼŰ죬ɽȥͬ˵׼ɡ
ɽæҾл£磬ȥһ¾Ӫеǡ
ͷá
ǳҲˡ
˵ȥɡ
˶ȥˣ􏪸˵ضߵ˵Ӷϲ
ЦЦǰߴݣ¶ȷϲ
бۿɽҪˣ㶼ż
һЦΪŸеˡ
ֻõͷţ٣ˣ˵ˡ
彻ϣɽȥԥݡԥ붫ֶפڴˣԶԶһ塣
ͬʱҲɳʹߣȥݻȻɺȻˣǣƶ֡
ǰƵ飬֮ΪСɾȥ͵Ϯ־Ӫܻòս
ҲȲѵ£ʮѾ򣬶򲻵ʵ⣬¹ȻǣƣŰҲҪԸҵ԰˵Ǹ޴ѹ塣
ʮһѮִᡣԮҲϵʮ򰲾ʮֱڳţսһ
ȻϰռƣҶǾһ쳣Ѵ̡֮
͵֪֮оƻʮһѮ𣬱㿪ʼԲ֮սһأٵһսۣҲһսۡ
һ̱ҪӮϣҪ٣֮ҲҪˡ


174 
һ, ֮׼ãϣ֮սԽСĴȡʤ׼ֱֵ, ȡɵļʷǳ΢ã, ֻƴʵ
ʵϴ󣬲ϣսϡϾСϳ, 󲿷ֶѵһ꣬ʵ֪
ҲΪ, ԱԼİ˿ɵ
Ϊֵһս֮˰̣˵Ǹ˶԰ɵġ
ʵϲ, Ϊս, , ǽԪ̹һ֮֮ϵĴڣ
һԸͷóкܶϲּ, ԭ, Ϊֻ̫ˣѹ, Ψף˹ߡ
˸ͷ⼸лͷˡȵִϻسʱ, Ĵ󽫾֮λ, ¹ȻӢݴ
ʮ, ʮ, ʮͷֵ긻ǿ
ļĴ֮һ¼ҸѹһͷأõĻᣬܷŹԺƾΪ˴󽫾
֮ռĵ飬˿ֻµĽ˧󻻽˱ҴɡȥزôĸԸԼ밲սľȫǣҲһӮһ̡
սǳҪʤʿ̾ͻôࡣ
֮ãòԸҪһ󷨡Ĺ֪֮ģзӲӲʤСǾòԸֻҪõõñڶԷ·硣
ʮһإһգֱڳʮƽԭʽսֱɳ֮򲽱ö볤ì
һǰսԷڣڲʿ󷨲ңûг̫©
ǼȻκβ˲Ϊŭ򲽱ǰ֮״ɳӭУԼ֮α̡֮
ֲ󷨣԰ɲ̫вɱǱ
֮ϽձսϽ
׷ᣬ׷һ󣬱㷢ֲԾΪ˴ǡХĺ磬͸Ƥ׵壬˸û׹
ֽʿϽձֹͣ׷սⳡսˡ
սɨսԱǧˣҪǲֵǧǧಽ
սݣ֮δжϲ֮飬ɶýʿǵѪġ
׻Ӯˣع˾ʿӲҪء
ߣսͳ˰̣⵱ͷȡʼʶİôöԸδؾӣӲ硣
ֻⰲͳ˧֮겻ʮδϵ˳ɫĽ˧֮ţµǣǵĵˡ
ǳ˿ٹ⿿սӲӲ򣬱թԷơϮš
Ǿɳǧҹɫȥ͵ϮӪկδϵ˰;ͬİ
٣Լֻǧմ˸棬㲦תͷˡ
״׷ᣬ֪˶ãҲ֪ȻһɱΧðİǧΧм䡣
ŷӦԭΪǻȸû뵽ֻ롣
ʵ֮İţƣиǰ͵ϮӪأ㰲һ֧ȥѲߣ
Ѳ߶ӱ㽫˰µȦ
ȦҲ֮ǰ׼õģһפһӪأΪ˾ɱҹϮֱ
֮ɳǧһδǱµǧ׶༪ˣԤ֮£մһս˾ɾϮŲɣҲһӲ
̣е㼱ˣȡҪõɼ˵Ȼδ󽫾λá
ԱҪӮһҪӮƯУѱ
ֵǧѾİɱˣͶģҲûŹڹϣ˭óٷ²
֮Ļ㱨ͷɡδŽʿȥϢһ£糣
ȭǣʦ
֮ҲڴĦֽǵ˼ԷôߡѾսһոε˧˵Ӧһǳĵ£ضץסӮһսܸĻʵۺѾжε֤Լ
Խ϶һսҼп⧲͵Ϯǽʱ䡣
֮˳ȫ־ӪһԷж㱨Եùڱ
ʮӪԷС͵ϮҲ˼ҪôʤԷͱɳеıôʮ˵ĶͲСҲ޷أǾ㹻ʱӦԡ
պʱУ֮ǹȻܾûɱУһֱû
һӣ˴æյӪжоѾҾڶࡣ
֮ͣ˵֪ˣȥɡǹһԵİϣ޹Ľ𴲣ȥ֪֧ͨ飬׼ӭս
֮·ͷеĽʿںԴԤӭС
ϵʱ򣬰ߵĽʿѾŽ󷨵ǵˡ
ǲ⣬һΣȡɣʹƾʵһӲӲĽ


175 
ս, Х졣ڣ˳һ㳯Ӫϯ
֮šüͷ, վ˧֮ϣżĽʿԼٶ󡣴ֱ, ȷһ͹
£ʮͣһС֮, ܿͳ嵽˰ǰ
˵˸ǰûãҲеʩչ, ΨСӦԣҪ򻻳˳ë͵
֮Ϊƴһս׺, ܰʿͣںüķײ£Ǳɢˡ
֮״, Ͻһ֧ǰȥ֧Ԯ
һ֧ӲƳȥɱ˺󷽵ֲӪ
, ˫ʿɱû찵, ǵ⽣Ӱ֫бۣѪضȾ˺ɫ
֮, Լ, , 󷽳ɱȥ, Ҫòܽⳡս
սʤһ, ʱռƵĺô˳ٱ㹻סеĵˡ
ֱ֮˺˧ڡ
һƥɫͷϣһŴ󵶣ӭ֮ʶ֮ƥɫ˴ݷͬһ㣬һԱ󽫡
֮ҲӶԷźҲ³ǡθߴͼ׳˶ǳٽˡ֮һ뷨ôˣҲǹ۵ġ
һ棬˵ǰɱ˹ȥ
ײ֮˫ַ飬ԷˣԲ飬Ǹ뺷ͽ
ȡʤˣȻӲӲ֮缫ͨԣѸƵǵ֮ûȥ
ǷӦݣѸٷô󵶳סˡ˿أӦȴ
֮˳࣬Ĳӣᡣ֮һָʾٶȼΧȦӡ
ͷһμôߴĿôСķΧﱼܵݣʱ۲òУɱϵˣ͹ˣ
Ȧ֮ʣ֮еġѸײڶ֮ƳǴ̹ȥܵü죬Ҳ˿Ӱֵ׼ͷ
žһһǹǵˡֽ֮£һ´ǵĲߣ׵סˣû͸
һ´ʹѵʱһгſ
֮״Ѹٺϣ˳Ҳţ־Է̹ȥûдǣȴ
ʹܾʱһ꣬һӱ˳ȥϻ󵶵һӾͱƷ
ǷӦҲݣȻϵҲûˤţǷӦѸݵȽŵء
¾ͱ˺һһš
վڵϣһѳճԲû硣Ƶ֮Ҳ˵磬ɴǵ
֮ھдδ֣Ǵʱ򣬻ǸоѹҲĪ˷ܸУϾ֡
Ǹ൱ѲĽɫֺ֮ͣҲη壬Է绢ܣŻС
˲ϰٸغϣڱ֮ס϶һǵϣһ£㵥ϥ£˼ڴڵشϢ֮
֮ɵط۽ԷϢĻᡣһһˣΪ˶ʼһңϵĽҲ
֮һ̣ǹ͸ǿף̽丹
ǵĴҲ˹֮ʶһ㣬ûȫԷĴ󵶿ϣûд͸ףȴֱһľȫʧȥ֪
һʵ̧̫ۣ֮ͣԼĸ첲ܹˡԷ˸Ϊأɲܴᣬ˲ʹû׷ʹ
ǵ·ңʼ֮գƵǽڽڰˣǱ֮潻ս״Ͻǰ
ҲģֱӴԾ£ϣҵߡ˵žͻæ赲֮
֮ܣֽõˮ©㽫Էڵء
ʱѾʼӣ֮һХѸٱһץסȥ׷ǣһ׷һߺֵ˧죡
˭ҵ˧һζҰˡ
粻Ϊ˹ڿգ۵糸һ㡣ԼܾˣɲǰԿͣһٽ׳ǲܵùġ
֮ܿ׷ǣǻͼֿ֮һӣ
Ƕֻʱӣ֮ұ۾һֱǺ󱳡൱ǵ͵ǰ㣬һᣬ׹ȥ
֮ǰԾȥϰγԼġȵѷͶ
ǵ׿׹ʱŵɢ֮û˧쿳Ҵ󺰣
ǵȻûֻ˵òᣬ֮Ϲһ廨
־˧ѵ˵˧ʱ־߽⣬Ҳս׷ӡܹ裬ʤ׷նɱʿ䡣
һʮ˵Ĵսʱ֮ڽܣ˧ܡ
սˣ־ڰ
һֲҰܣʮˣӻȥһ룬˧Ҳˡ
ֻʵԪ̹֪ϢΪŭŭ̲֮סҪ򳤰ô⣿
Ԫ̹ŵټд󳼹ԲߡΪб밲һս˽밲ͣضΣеĽɴʴ¹Ȼ룬Ǩ
Ԫ̹Щ飬ޱȽ꣺ް취ð˱б밲һսʤ㼸Σ
Ⱥ˸ӦԪ̹ŭһӣǶưˣ˵仰
һڴ󳼶ة½ش𣺡ر»㽫߾бҲᳬʮΪʤ㲻󣬲翼밲Ͱɡ
Ԫ̹ޱ飺½Ϊͻʲô
½˵Ͳ˵ˣʹȥ̽һ¿ڷ硣
Ԫ̹۾Ǿȥ̽һ°ɡ
ս֮֮سפ볤·سǣΪ־ʵڹϺ˱Ҫů͵ҪõذռеĻ𿻡
֮ԼҲˣҪúõһ£޷ˣҲس̾Ͱ״ˡ
ϺʿǱԼڳ˷ӣĶ졣
֮ĸ첲˼а壬òţڲϣ
յһ׽Ժʦ㶼ô
֮һ佣ͣ䣬綯һ£ů͡
ǲֲ̿ˣһ˵ˡ
ģҡ֮ޱȻϲϽݸùţĽݱǰղŷߣƻһʱŵҵû뵽дˡ
ʣ˵ʦȥɡȥʦȡ̿
֮æֹ𣬲ø̿ﻹУ첻գʡŵãôԱء
ʦ̣Ѿȥ̿ˣ̿͹ˡ˵
ãԱá֮˵ŷ⣬ֽŷ˺ȲҪš
˵ҲԱһ˵ץˣԳΪʹߡ
֮һ㶣ʹߣʲô
ǳ˵˵͵ġ


176 
ʦ·֮, ֮뽫־飬ӦԣֿܻʲôԲߣбᵽһ
ֻû뵽֮, ̽, սһεûˣ
֮ʣĶ
𣺡ǹ·ү, үˡүǰ潫һٹ㡣
֮ǵԼ˵±ַ֪, ף֪, ȥɡ
Ӧ뿪ˡ
ʣʦҪͬ𣿡
֮˵ȿʲô
Щʱ, ˣ֮ʣʹأ
͵վȥˡݾæţߵ, һССĲ¯ȡů, ô, ôոĻ裬û̿𣿡
֮¯ϵĲһ裺ûգա
бὫҷԽԽˡ
֮ô˵, һ£һȣ˻
һһʵ, ԴöȽڼòСҲһһ豭һڡ
֮ЦЦⲻô, ôֶڰءʹĹ, ǱߵĿʲô
һ, ָԼһΪͣ˵Ը
̧֮ü٣
¶һЦݣΪ磬Զǣֶ֮
֮ЦҲδ̫Сˡ˵Ա̸
ЦҲô˵ġȫûк̸ıҪˣȥʹɱˡ
ɱսնʹֹ̧֮ҲܷŻȥһ·еΪǻȥȿϼӿܡ
ҡͷҲ㻹ʲӰǡҪ˵͸ɱˣʡȴ鷳¡
֮˵ȿɡ
ϾҪԪ֮û򳤰ʤ׷Ȼõģϴһе󣬽ʿҪ񡣴꣬˲Գľȥѵһ̡
ȻҲµ·ʱ䣬ֱˣ˵Ƿǳġ
̽Ӵ̽鱨ܱʮңѾߵ¹Ȼæǣ򣬸ر߾ԼפܵıԼʮһ
ͷ߹صı붼Ǿʮңܻʱ
Աڣܹʮˣ൱࣬쳣Ѵ
֮ѾӺݴʷǰԮ
һοսϣһݣϾȥֻأϣѦܹϵü
Ϧҹҵ
̫ڣůڣƽھžͼͿһƬ÷ꡣ
ƽͿ꣬ʷ£Ѿˡʦʲôʱѽ
􏪻ع񣬿ǰɰС̧꣬ԴůʱҲͻ˰ɡ
ʵҲ֪һ̵ҪʲôʱܴꡣÿÿӵսޱȾģսг֣Щֺ棬ǳǧҲζųǧͥ
սɱ¾Ҳ֪Щɱ¾޿ɱģȥƽҲȥ͵ű¾ԼͬսֹսΨһĳ·
ƽ˵Ҫܿ㳤ͺˣܰʦǽˡ
οһЦڸ£Ǻúóѧñ죬ǡ
ţһŬġȥűɡƽ􏪵֡
˵ԣԼȥɣ
ƽãȥˡ
˵עⰲȫ
ţ
ƽˣůʣ􏪺һֱĬ˵ƻƻһЩ
£Ҫдţ
̧ͷЦЦ㶮˼
¶ůһЦĥī
􏪽ֽ̿īĥãҲûŶʡĥī˵һȥˣ˽˿ռ􏪣Ҫ֮дţǱضﻰҪ˵
ֻԲҹ˼֮֮ǱϲǣÿдŻ˾飬Լģһаá
ϴǳս˧ܵģôܺ˵ӦԼġ
죬ݲ֪ôģʮˣסĵطװɣôסձҲǹܵġ
ӲҪϣһܹһݡ
ʲôæҲﲻϣΨ֮úڣ³·Ǵ³ӲܳؾͰ״ˡ
ʣһ±ʼ⣬ʼ֮дš
ͬһʱ䣬Զ·֮Ҳͬ¡
һص꣬࣬ҲֻܸʿǼһ
֮뽫ʿʳһ޶ƽ׽ˣ뽫ʿͬʹ࣬Լܴӵ
Ҫ˵һ̻ʲôбʤģǾֻǽʿǵͺľˣһϴνͿˡ
ͣѵصĲƲԡԷĲû·ԣԴԷѾڼˡ
ʿǶϷˣ˭ûоܹıѩصĶ죬ܷĵطûУǴʱģ̫࣬ҲûʲôԹԡ
ǶףٿҲˣ֮ǰͰ׷ˡΪ˴ոɽģΪº˺
ôõıֺ֮γԸôܿࡣ
οϹ֮ĳȣ⣬ޱ˼􏪣ʼдţߴ˿̵Գ
ѮѦݴʷԮˣЩҲȫӺݵıӾҲһЩ
ڽӵ󣬱֯ҹ̣궼·Ϲģս
Ԯ֮˿˫ϥڵϵѦȣѦˣҿǼʱϵһ·˪Ҷˡ
Ѧվ֮Цû뵽гһգὫսʵѦĳ֮ң
֮˵ȻҶˣǱúЪϢȴﶼӦˣǱ㹥򳤰մ̣ջ磡
Ԯ֮Ҫ׼򳤰ˣĸ첲Ҳõò࣬Ѿȡ£ܻˣֻǻ
˽ֵʹߣֱ˵˵ȥǵĻʵ̸ۣԡҵǨ⣬Զ̤ԭ벽̸
ʹ߱˿£ΪϺͼĥѾÿֻһ٣ݵƤͷˣ⻰ûιȥʹ˵¹ٻὫĻתҼұ¡
֮˵ˣǵ˧ǻǻʵԸ⳷ˣұ㽫˶ͻȥԸ⳷ˣұ㽫ɱˡ
ʹΨΨŵŵشӦˣһֱ뿪·ǣǶеţȻܻ뿪
Ԫ̹Ƽݵʹߣ֮ĺ̸ʱðɣֱߵĶдֱ̫߾ıҪ밲һս
˶˸˵ʵͷϣ˭ҲȥùͷһͲˡ
ֱ˳Ԫ̹Щة½˵£һ̿ǲܴ򣬻˼
Ԫ̹ۿʲô˼
½˵ȥμˮʳɶࡣȥ쿪ʼǱڶ߷ֱͬ¹Ȼ뽻սľ޴󡣱ǻ߹صĽʿʱݾȫӦˡ
Ϊо̵ճǲһģıѺݵ۷ͬҪݡ
Ԫ̹ɫڳ˹ףǱȥ
½˵붫ӵѾ밲ˡ
ƺӲܹ
½û˵
Ԫ̹òӣ˵ܴ̣ѵֻǨԱȥǱ߻ȻˣһǸຮ֮أ˭ӦǱߵ
½˵¿ɱˣ߻һƬء
Ԫ̹Ӧ˵¹Ȼ룿
е


177 Ƴ
̫, ոշ룬ѩʼڡɺ䣬֮ʼֹ򳤰
ӽ, Ҳסʱս, οȥ껹ֹ֣ʳ, Ҫս, 􏪼ѹ
ͬʱ֮յ¹ȻԮţ˵Ǳ˱ѹϣܹϽԮ
㵹ǳ֮Ԥϣ˵ѵǽ, ׼ǿս, ôȥ¹Ȼ롣ֵĺ«ʲôҩ
֮ټڽ־顣
֮˵, ѦԼжϣǲǴȽ¹ȻǱߣټбԸǣ
Цǿɲãǳô˻һٹ³Ǹûʱ䷴ӦϽ, ҵȲ, մ꣬Ҳˡ
֮˵϶Ҫ, ܵ, ҲȷϢһġһܹûġϾ̾Ѫ֮ȥԿǿɶ
㣡ҪǹʵԪ̹Ȳش, ָԸ
³ʮ, ֮һ, ʮʦƺƵ򳤰ΡһΣ㹥³ԭأһݡ
ûԤеִڳӭУŽա
֮Ρĳţпҵ˼ֻɣӣȻǳʺʶ
Ὣ˵ֵʲôǣҸǴˣ
֮üͷ壬ԶԶŸߴĳǽ˵ѵ¹Ȼ˵ģֽ¹Ȼˣ˴ȥ¹Ȼ룬ٻͷԸǡ
Цѵǹʵ۾صסǣھȥǽ俪
֮˵Χ죬ûзӦܲӭսըǽ
˵Ҫ˵ֱȥըˣʡʱʡûǺûˮҲδꡣ
֮ЦˣүĪ̽̽Էʵʹ㡣ȥ鿴һ£ֱûĳ
ʼ磺㡣
ڳפʼسǵ־󡣳¥ϵ־Ӧ׼ز
ɳȥڷԲ̽ѰִĳδκټûЩֱȫ¹ȻˣǶ˳ǣ
պ־ɾܲӭս֮ʼǡ
ĴţӲʵľƬΪ˷𡣳ĻǺӣǺеţ˿̵ѾȫȥˣΪԷ˹š
áըŵĲȽѣȵýŷȥըţ̫ʵƬǲը
֮Ǻʵשǽеϧը˻ҪɣҲǸԼ鷳Ҳûиõİ취ԷῪͶݹǵĴҲ̫ν
ѡ˺þãھըϵĳǽҹǺӣȻ󽫡ڳǽȼ
žҹ˺Хĺ磬ҲͻȻһ춯صľƽض𣬵ƺڵİնˣοǳ¥ϵر
֮űֱĻĳǽûжˣûɹüǽҲ̫ʵˡ
ֻһըѾ˳ؾľΪըŲʲôУ֮ǰڹԼصʱѾùˣڱըһ죬ؾȻῪʼǿըǽ鷳
ȻϵؾʼżǸûӰ
һҹûڶֻȷʱը
ڶһҹըĵطֻһǽƤըԶءٻըβܿɹ
ϣϳǽͷȼܵĻѣΪҹըǽ
֮üֻ˻طȥըڶαըٴ˿ֻţ־ֻ編ƣ˽ŵڶը㡣
һһըأŪ־ľԱһ϶û˯
֮Ҳеգǽ̫һըԷţ޷ըǵġ޾ģҪǶըˣǽûը󲻻ǿйǡ
ǵùǣŹǵĻȥըǽ
պҹƵݣʼǡǽϵ־æң׷ӭСߺɱ죬ʵݵ˲࣬ĿΪ˸ըǽڻ
һǣͷϵ־ͲҵˣΪѻὫԼ¶ΪʸıС
ըǽʿҶɹ˻Ǻӣ˵һըǽĵطһѡλãҲӴ˼
ըһ죬ǽϵ־ܵһ𶯣ǲŷӦըǽˣ
һαըЧĳǽײѾըһ룬ɻûըٻҪһδը
ûͣǳ¥ϵ־ѾΣƴż벹ȣ֮վڴǰֳָ¥ϷżըǽĽʿڻ
ڣڵξ֮󣬳ǽڱըһڡڴ͹ֵڻ£ӻڳ˳ڣڵؾչ
ԴԴϵİȥڵֱҲԽԽࡣԴխڳȥİ˵൱ģΪֲһʱܶġ
Ϊڣ־עҲסˡ֮˸Ͻݵǳǽ˫£ϵȸűˣǧİڡ
־սˣ糱ˮһӿİǸֿܿͳ⼸ӡ
š׻Ҳαڱ־򿪣ǵǵȴѵȺʱİ־·ӣеսеͶ
һ̱ˡ
ڵİձըѣһҹĺɱŵսսû˸ҿȥֻǽԼҵĴŶµģ±ĸƢľү߿ţ˼ҲԼŮ졣
ȻһֱСȥҲš
еĿһƺƽʱҲûоүĵطƽЩүܺ־ֺһ
֮磬ȸŽֱʹȥԶԶͿһɹŨ̳𣬿Ư̻ζüͷʹֱˣ
ʱ˹ڻʹһѻ𣬺ܶӶյˡ
֮رˣЩ˶ʲôëշӣǿɶǰյѪǮɵģֻʵأ
Уξ˵ûҵֻʵۣץĹ˵Ԫ̹ڰǰ뿪˳
ˣе֮ϣû뵽Ԫ̹ܣϸһҲԣѹֳڵؾϡ٣Ԫ̹ȥˣȥ֮ת¹Ȼȥˣ
֮˵ʹĻɡɨսҪŰա
˹Ӧǣ
ҴҸὫԪ̹еĴ󳼶ˡ˸ӣȻˣث֣
֮˵Ѿ˵ˡͲǽ֣ͳˡ֪ǲǳ¹Ȼȥˡ
˵ʽʿȥ׷
֮˵үĪԪ̹뿪գҲһʱ׷ϣϢȥ١
Ԫ̹Ѿˣ֮ûôŹˣ֪ԷȥǾʼǸҪγС
ҧ˵Уҵȥ׷Ԫ̹Զ֣


178 
պ, ʮȥݳ̽õϢǰִȷǳȥˡ
ҪնԪ̹ͷ­, ⡣
֮򳤰Žʿȥ徳ֲбΪպɨϰ
һɨֲбһڸݿдŸ􏪣ɹӹ֡
ڰƾƵʱ, ܵ˺ܶط, ־Ͳص˭ӣǾֱӱѹơ
űջٵĻʹ, ֮еͷ, Ǵ˳һʱҲûǨ, ҵĻʹѾǴպˣôҲܴպϰ, ޡ
޾ζŻǮʱ, ⶼһʱܽġ
􏪽ӵ֮Ľݱϲû뵽ôױ, ллأԽԽá
Ҫ־ֻʣ֣, ܹ붫ʽս, , ԸˣԺ֮찲ӡ
һְѡοԣһǲЭ֮
Ѿдûˣ֪ʱؾۡʲôʱǲܹ̫ƽԶҲ÷أ
¹ȻӵĲб¹Ȼֱ߾
ȫ¹ȻĻʶ¹Ȼǣ¹Ȼ뽫ʿվûֵܵסڼֱ
¹ȻѾȵռ¹Ȼֻֻܲӣȴ֮
¹Ȼ뵥Ԯϣܹæ˸ܡ
һתӦ˰¹ȻˡΪ¹ȻսΪ٣ִָ˰֮ã㳲³ˡ
⣬¹ȻԸͻٰͬʱҲܽ˻¹Ȼı
ǽ􏪲¹Ȼ룬Ҳܽɰķγûо
¹ȻҪԼ̣Ȼһǰͷ밲ĲϣټϹǵĲһ¹ȻǣողŰֻʵֻٴβֻܡ
ӵˣŲʲôĪ׷׷ʹ
һ·ϣأտʼٹٵļҾ죬ЩҾ챻½£ӻʵ۵󳼶ĳӡ
һ·ӵɲϷΪûɱԪ̹¹Ȼ뵥ڼ׷־ѾΪоٶ̫࣬Ĺ󣬲ϡ
¹Ȼ뵥ƺҲ󻼣ʮ֣׷˿ǧڼǰֱ̱ӣչһ
ֱһ·ȫûвԣһ·һ··ϻӵһ·ģ˼صʱԭֻʣ򣬻ûԱ֡
ֻ˵΢ЩΪоݸϣʿҲĹˣȫƾ¹ȻϤڻĮ͸̲ҵˮݵޣܸصһʳŲڶϴ
˫ƣƴľ־˲䣬˾ٲˡ¹ȻҲ䣬׷ǧЩɱ⣬еŬͶ׷ˡ
һ̴û찵أȻ¹ȻƸΪԣ࣬ݶȱҲûֱءֱͣսһ浹Ƴˡ
ԽԽֱն˵ӣֱĵҲʼҡˡ
ֻʵԪ̹ҴԼױȥ
״ȥ׷ӭȴһ֧ʸʶһƫͷ֧˾ϣһ׹
ԱߵŵøϽү
濴ಱϲŵļŵɫүүҪҪ򣬿죬
ѪشĲðæȥ˿ڣȴֲңֻܷżβ˿
죬ѵ˵һ䣺Ԫ̹ˡ
ᶼˣүǸˣͦסǧ°
Ĵٸϵˣóӣþƾǳϵ޳˿ڲļͷȻסڷѪѪܡ
˵죬̧үĵطҸ˿ڣ˴ǡ
󣬸Ͻ̧һԣһЩʿˣҲԶΧסԷٱ͵Ϯ
ǳϵóߣĴѪܷеңѪֻǱͷƣûжѣϴ˼ı
ĴֶѪۣͷһطϾѪܣЩֹסһǿԼó̫ҽѧı죬Ѫܺ˿
СңС죬ƫоǼѧڿΪϲоԵе롣
ڳ͢ѡοʱҽѧ㱨һξͿȡˣ̫ҽݡ̫ҽ˶࣬ʿҲ࣬ύ־ͬϵѣ˼鼫ͶԵ
˼鲻֪ôͽİ˵˻ʵ۱û뵽·ǳʶȻټ̸幹졣
¶幹Ҳо֪жͷ֪Լʲôλá
Ǵμ棬࣬Ҳܹ衣ڱµ֧£ʼо»һʵңȥо͹ߵ幩о
Ҫ֪жྪףҲֻбµĶ׼ܹдҡ
ΪЩоҽ٣ƽʱûʩչĻᣬֱֵս죬ӧǰߣΪֻսϣҽ֮ء
˿߷ҲǱ½ģ˵򳦷˿ڣͲҪˣǷ棬Ҳٸȡߡ
˷ǳգҲǲеңٳƫϰ磬ֱӴˣıҲδؾȵû
ɨսҴҸϹүôˣ
ڸ˿ڵ̧ͷүʧѪ࣬ιȥˣѾ˿ˡ
ʣү°ɣ
ҡͷؽְҲҴƱÿүԼܲܿʿٷЩһʼ˺ת˿ڷףҲоȲġ
ϥ߹£һҪκүǱΨһֵˡ
ͷҶְһ߾ȫ
ˣ
Ԫ̹Ѿвӵ˼⣬˻Բѣڶ෽濼ǣ¹Ȼ뵥ڴЭ飬׷ɱֱԸ׻ûɡ
¹Ȼ뵥ڼһ֧飬פؼأٴξ
ǹˣҲû࿼¹Ȼ̸Ҳֲᣬ¹ȻǷ˰ôһ飬Ҫ̸ʲôȽס
Ľʿ˵µĽʿǷء
¹Ȼ뵥ڶǼѺãȥѰݣѰҩڳŵݵʹݣԱ㣬񣬴ҴظϣҪããĮ͸Ȼ̫ʡ
һֱݵݸǲžͣúΪơ


179 
үû𣿡
δ
ʲôʱԲѻ᲻Ӱ죿
Ǹ, һδ֪
Ҫүιҩ㡣
лͺá
ԺУζԻ˭˵أһϤ˭ţһȫİ, ͳ, ˺
ס°, ﵹ˵Һ塣ϲ˹ණ뷴, ȫǱסˣһָͷֻ̧ʹȥ, Ƥǧ, ַ·ʲôס, ôŬҲ
ǸϤ˵ݴ, ү۾ڶ, ǲҪˡ
Ǹİе㾪ϲƺǣǺ, үˡ
ллأүһҪѹ
Ŭ, ȻƤճ, , ȹһЩҩ, ۵þƣ߻ûֻ˯˹ȥ
ٴ֪ʱ, Ĳ, ׼ȷ˵, ڸӡ
˵Ķᣬһֻ, , յýôֲ, ˽ѩǽѩ𣿲ǽѩѩǰѾˣûܾǵĺӡ
۽һᣬƬֻ̺˹ȥǵˮүү
ûӦԷϴǸİ˭أ
ְֻᣬƿˡһͿһʲôĲϣо
ֵָֻĲϣͿĨһָʲôȻͷһȦʲôоԷϲһȦߡ
̣ԷĶСú
˵뿪е㲻ᣬΪýë׶Щ
ǲҪˣָͷ˶ƺҪһ£֪Է˭
׼뿪ע⵽ϵĶϲүүˣ
ۣǰһʱ䴦ںڰеʮֲʵر۾ʱһİĿԡ
Է¶ϲ֮ɫүүˣ˵Żܵſڣүˣ
ܿ촫˻ͼٵĽŲתү˵𣿡
죬ͼ˵ȴ²һ֣ˣ﷢˹
Էæǰģүģֻ˯̫û˵һʼģӦһ¾ܺáǾеĴү˵˲ӣҺû˵Ҫȵˮ
ΪչԼǸû뵽ӣϸƤۡݰ׵ģЩĴүе롣
ιˮоöˣ׼˵ѾӿһˣҶеΧүˣ̫ˣллأһ˶ӯ
˵Ļ˴ϣֻȥܴҵĹģ˶˸߲ҵ뿪ע⵽ǴҲˣֻԼһ˸߲ҵ˵м֡
˵ʱŤͷʣԪ̹ˣһŤͷ㳶˲ϵ˿ڣ۵һ
һæ˵үڲϣҶʱүˣ㣬ûȥ׷үģҲ̤ԭˣѾӵˡ
ŭشһ´ʲô£ôõĻᣬͲԪ̹ǹˣˣԺĶȥɱ
ŵӣүʱ˵÷ǳأѪҪݴү˿ڣǿ¾Ҫʧȥүˡүʮ졣
һ㶣ôã
ͷǡллأү࣬үÿү˵Ż˫ֺʮ˰ݡ
ʣǸʲô
̫ҽݳģҽʮ˵ãóˡʱݴݲߵչү̫лˡ
˵ҵúúøл
ˣ·̽ӣ˳㽲һơʧѪ࣬ӱе˵ģת˽
ҩʱ򣬼ͬͬ¹Ȼ̸С
վһһǷѾʮƣ廰үúҩˡ
عŶԣүϽҩ˵齱ߵλø
ҩ˹ȥ齱ߵСϣүԼȣι㣿
˵ɣԼȡ
СĽؽע⵽˿ڴѪȾһɴү˿ôֳѪˣǲǲС˺˿ˣ
̧ۿû˵ֻǳ֣㽫ҩŵС̣ȡ
תȥıɴˣҩүһɴүڲϣŸոճãд˺˿ڡү̫ۣҪúϢ
״㱧ȭ˵үĩиˣүԲߡ˵뿪ˡ
һҩ¶ʹı飺̫Ѻˡ
Цҩڣү̾ͺˡ
Цһʵĸоǰ㣿
̧ͷԾȣһֱھУүҲҡ
ҡͷӦǾУҲ֪һĴ򡣡
סˣүµȷǾеĴ̫ҽݵҽ٣˼ϴ죬»ټҡүǲңȥǶһ¡
⻰ȻЦһΪԼϸˣ̲סЦûл㣬ֻǺл֥
ٴסȻ΢΢ү˵Цˡ
ã̲סֶ㷽ŵӲСȻ汾ü뿪
˵үµĲˣǽ˵彡ڵһλүȻãҲ޷̸ͬʲô
üʶ˭µ
˵ڼе
Ҿͦθڡɣͷͬ˵һ˵
Цһ£Ϊеַʵ˭µࡣүҩɲ˷ˣҺòײҩġͼɻأҩһ룬ʣµľҪá
¶ܵı飺ʵ̫ˡ
ҩڣҩүĲεúأϽˡƻصߡ
еı飬Цһ£һڽʣµҩˣˣʵѺȣʲôѹѹζ
Լҩ﷭һƬʲƬɡ
ӹʲƬӽСݴ򣬱ʱܶ
ʣү̻س
ͷѾˣշذɡȥͬὫ¹Ȼ̸Уǰ¹Ȼôһ̣ôཫʿܰô̲š
˵Ϣհɡڰүһ˿ڣү¡
²ϵɴ˿ڡ
չ⿪ʱŵϵҩζĲϣϸĲɺףƵԷϣƤϸǵëǴδιӵӡ
̲סʣСݴˣ
һæһߴ𣺡ʮˡ
ôСҽ˵ãȻӢ۳꣡
ЦүˡмѧԨԴջῪ˵Ҫѧҽˡ¸ѧеϲˣгΪӣҶ˱㲦лơҲүΪ
Цԭǻ־ҡлСݴ򣬴ȥˣȻΪһݽ͡
һʱ۾һǽԼҪ𣿡
Ҫʲôͣ
˵һ±£ͬ졣
һ⡱ı飬ЩǲѰ쵽һ𣿡


180 
֮ӵű, ֪мˣǵԲ
􏪾ʣôһֵˣи, ô􏪽, ֪Ͳȥ׷Ԫ̹ģԼȥͺˡ
ӵź, ҲҽϢ, 􏪵ܣֻȥ׷顣
Լº, ڽӵѾվ, ڷص;У˿ȷѾ, ŸдŸʵ
ӳʱ, ĴŸոճҶ, ص䡣
֮ڳʮͤӭӿĽʿ, ֮Ծϥ񣺡ǻˣҲ, пѱ⣡
֮Ҳ, ˫ĸ첲ãܺãҰĺжүأ
˵үں廹, 
û¾ͺ, û¾ͺá̧֮ųȥ
ǰ, ֮̽Եؽһү
ƿ¶һ忡ԷὫүڳϡ
֮ͷɻ˭ûֻ᱾Ͳռ˴λã֮ʣүɻ
֣Źǰһ⣬үңôӲ
֮Ѿˣȥ
סȥĶ
˵ȥ顣
֮ע⵽һֱıӰϣʣǣ
˵Сݴҵ
Ͳû뵽ȱ£ͷ֮͡˵
˵Ѿŵˡߵ̴ˣͽɣҪؾ
֮סˣҪؽҵҪҪȥԼûˣܵи򣬿ûмˡ
ЦԣҴӦСݴ򣬴ȥ֡ǲȥô֣
֮üΪҪ£
¡еᣬǶͽ죬˼֣Ǵ̸һҪʲôֻͣҪܲ
֮˵ү¹Ȼ򽻵Ƚ϶̸࣬е¾ͽ㸺ҴСݴؽҵ˳ȥ¾ͺá
бὫ֪ƼҲƼͲܿұǧ֣ķϣңȻȥ
֮üҾ֪ڽҵү
صһۣὫһֲôЩ꣬һأ⼸°ɡһȥ£Ǿܴᡣ
֮飺ү֮ˣ
ԣԼĿˮǺסˣ˼εЦҪôҲɡ˵ˣȻأټ°ɡ
֮ʹٹƼͲһͷɵߣͿ๦ߵүҪȥΪ˸ϵ£ôܾܾ
УүȻذɡǰϹȥ¹Ԫ
û⣬ȥȥͻ˵
֮ЦʵҲүأ˭үء
УͷҾءǾ˼°ɡ
سЪϢ˼գ֮ô¹Ȼ̸УôԷֱ߽磬Էʲôλ뷽ʽദȡЩ£㽻֮ɡ
պ̻ؽҵͬеĻк֧ԮӺݵıǵҪǶֺͱȻԱԮԷж
ҪˣСƿ⿹飺ΪҪҪ
Ե˹˵ү󲡳Լ嵱Ϸ
㶼ΪβܣѾˡ
˵ûүܱ
أûԼѵ
ҡͷүƽʱźϣƢͯƵҪ壺үͱΪˡὫչ˺㣬һ˲أͷͲˡ
˵˭
Ц¡Ὣ𡣡
ĺˣڣǲֹͣ˿飬һſˣ˵
һæ˵үְ˵
ؿһۣ㣬챿࣬Сݴ
ԣֻԼ
ЦúܿģСݴ͸ϵɹܡ
æ˵ү̧̫ˣҾһ㲻ʲô
´Сݴع㣬֥һ
е㲻˼үôˣӦУԶȲүսʵ׿ˡ
üСԸ棬رעһ䣬Ҫؿ
Сݴˣ
ˡ
Ǹ˽֮ܵѹСݴ˴λؾɴҪ磿
˵ʱ䲻㲻ȥˡ
Цѵ¼˹һ
˵常ھпһҽݣؾܼˡ
ؼȥ̽˫ף
ɫȻĸҵʣױ常ġ
һ㶣Ǹ
֣ʵҲ޷ҵʱף常Ӷ缺
˸⣺Сݴ䣿
һȣδ
ķӦ￩һ£λȥҪˣ
æҡͷûûС
бӦðСݴ˲ţ̫ҽݵҽٴˣҲ˻޵ͣλȻһ
ε˵ɷǣ׿ĸûкϵϰֵġ
˲ֱǺ˵˵һֵĻ˵ţᡣ


181 칦
ôοԼ, Щжлүο
Ҳǿο㡣Ӿ, ѳɻȪݹǡһˣ㿴ܴһصǾ֮, 𣿡
̧ۿ, ȥ
ڼˮ, ֵ, յȵְ˳Ϣֵ˸յϢ, ողŷſ־°ɣ
ȥδִﳤֽӵҪؾϢȻϲһ׮ͬʱҲյܻ֮ؾϢ
ĺܸ, ȸˣѹ, ֪ʱ֮ؾۡ
ʱԤڵҪ, ΪߵĲ½·, ǴӾݳ˴˳ֱ, 칦㵽˽ҵ
е˳, 􏪵֪Ϣʱ, ֻϵüڹӭǡ
һԾ£ߵ􏪸ǰ, ȭҪ, ץס˸첲޻Щġ޿, ˺ˣ
, , ѾˡŤͷŲӸಱһԵĺɫ̺ۣϵŲôȳ롣
˵λö˵˰ɡ
ʲô˵ѪˣСݴˣûˡٺ١Цüġ
Ļ㣿
ԣСݴأŤͷȥ
ȺеϽˣϴ˷ܵĺΣμ£˵žͳϹȥ
􏪸Ͻ𣡶лݴ޵ĻʵܣҪ㡣
һЦ˵֣ʹˣҪʲôͣ˵Ҫʲô졣
һ㶣ȻͷЦҪ˼򵥣˵˵ͷ޶ʱݴúģ֪޲޲
۾ģл£
ĸ첲߰ɣȥʵܽӷϴ˳㽫¹Ȼϸ˵˵
̧˼ʲôͷһվԭص֣Сݴһ𰡡
􏪻Цһɡ
̧Ÿ
􏪰뽫ʿڹԡ£ҲΪҽӷϴ
ְλͣף֣СݴԱ
ЩԥɲҸүƽƽ˵㲻Ҫͬһ˵ý
ϯϵЦеݴɡ
ƵԱߣĿһۡ
˵ؾнر˵ͺáԲˡ˵Żһ⡣
Цһ£лү
􏪾ƱҾƣ¾Ʊ˹Բˣһߺع۲
˽ģȻϰȰȣٸô׽Сӡܺá
ҲǸ˾ȵˣ˹˹ģ˭֪ȤŨʮͣȫ壬⵨ʶһС
ҲžһǸ˿ڣʵǴڣֻҪѣʱֹѪɡĹû뵽óڤڤעɡ
ע⵽ڿԼϽ̧ͷЦһ¡
Цݴʲôʲô⡣
Ťͷһߵ䶼ˣЩشչȥС˵СݴòĽһְɣ
Աһɴ۾Ͱ͵ү˻ֻǳݱ¡
Цǻ࣬˼ҼһҴ⣬˻Բ˶ߡ
Ϊȣү˵Цˣ½ΪӣΡΡ
üѹ˵ҲСݴû˵֮񱡣
ͫ׶סС˵ү˴󲻾
ֱ壬ƱǺǣȾơ˵ľƱһ¡
ϽƱȾơ
􏪿һ˽üЦЦѲСˣӦðϲ𣿲С򳤵ôݰ׵ģģֺÿġ
ƽԱߣһӦ꣬Сʣʦʲôʱ
֮΢΢̾˿سܹ°ɡʦˣ
ƽʦڣЦÿЩ
⻰̧ԴڣҲǿĵġ
ƽԣϽвˣ̿⣬ζá
ллӡ􏪼ƽеˡ
ƽʮһˣǸ꣬ʼݳݳģҲȥӤʣ˵ģǸӢ꣬ƣΪӢͦһЩ
ѧ꼶κɳдڿΣʷ뾭֮Լ˼ɣִ˼ά
һҵ·ηȡҵƶˣƽΪƶߣ˼ҪȽǰհԡ
밢ƽദģʽͨ˼ҵĸӶҪܣϿھӣӾ͸һദ
ӴСΧıպ㲻ιΪԸȱݶ·
ȻҲú˽ڰªԻԺڰªȡȷ̬ȡ
􏪴Ҳܻ䰢ƽʱȡ룬ǰϰϾδЩ
ʱҲöԲƽССͣҪôණҪϰ䣬ѧϰι֮ߣҲڵسţһӿܶþڹʳ֮С
ӷϣｻ̸˵˲٣Ҳ˲١
ɢϯʱ􏪶Ժȵ˵պȶˣͱظˣڹЪϢɡ
˸ããҸϵһֱڹšŤͷȥԱߵľѾſˡ
˸Ƿ쵽Ҹ£˷Сݴ򣬱˯ˡؼˡ
˵治ڹҹ
áĸ첲ڼϣȥֱ̧􏪻ӻӣ֣ؼ
үȥ
˶ɢˣ􏪻ص鷿ʼԼӴš
εݺܶ࣬˽Уἰ¹Ȼ̸еķμݵȵصҲἰ˻ʹؽ⣬ἰҵطķ㣬ҪὨҵǾڳ°ᡣ
̧ͷؽһƽ
һԿ۵İƽ̧ͷң
ԥƬ̣˵ˣʦҵĹء
ƽɫеȻŶ̫С뿪ӡ󣬵֪ǰģԲŽõõıӻ͹ذ
˵뽫Ǩ׺أǾڳˣ
ƽʣǲҪǨ
􏪵ͷôġ
ǾڳɣԺҲǨȥǺһҵһ࣬ڳպһܳȥݼǡ
ãġǰƽˣᰲˡ
ѧôãǻûе㳤͸÷ˡ
Цο
糯􏪣ֺʱпգ
􏪲ؿ£
ʱȻ£ֹ˶£մӦʲôˣ
üͷ룺Ŷ˵Ǹݴ򣿡
ЦԡСݴ򻹵ټأسոġŵģɲʳԡ
ЦôҼʱ˵ˣ
ûھټ
􏪿еӣڣҸ곯»δá
ڸͣټҲɡ
􏪵ͷаɣǾ󡣡
ֱܿȥУڱȥ֪˵תҴ뿪
􏪿ıӰ˵Īʲô˼


182 
, ˡ
Щȣ􏪱԰ˮнӴǣһߴ, һ졣
ˮ֮£Ҷ׺һƬ̲Ŀڱ̲еǡѬ, , ⶼ١
Ա£, ʲôɵģ
􏪲ͷһ, ݸʤ㡣Ϻз, Ҳںܵʲô, Ϊһӡ
ġ
˵Ǳ¡ݴ㲻
Ͻ񣺡£û, 
􏪻ûӻ, СݴȻ㶼û
һۣһŭԵӡ
ûע⵽ı飬˵ݴСڿҽ, ûʱ֡
ȵؿ􏪵ıӰֵ, ױ㱻Ҫѧҽ, û㡣
û뵽㾹һҡ, ͸, ζվ, еĵ
ץסǿͣҲԷ̫ˣŴּĥеۣүԼɡ
˵Сʱɸǲһ񵰵¿ûٸɹڸǻζһͯꡣ
Цݴɡ
ɲҸƽƽֻһԶš
Ҳǿ󣬱㿪ʼġȤĻ⣬İ
û˽ϢʱƣṹһЩ˽ģЩݶԵ˵ȫ췽ҹ̷
˵Щʵ൱׵ģЩ治λȨأ˵ˣҲû˸ָοֻ˽ｫЩ·ҽѧоһ档
һԿ٩٩̸˵ĶЩǳֵݣޱȾȣ̲ס죺֣֪Щֵݣ
бһۣϵġ
ȻȤ飬β֪
˵Сʱڵ㶷ʱ俴飿
ͷ˵Ҳǡ֣ڻСݴ򿴿¡
̾˿ҵ룬νҵtһѻˣ䱾Ʊ֮һ棬ʵʹġ
ʱҧгݣɱǧtñһѻ˵ľԼ
˵Ҳ޷ݴԺԼƣҲ˵ĲƸˡ
ЩֶΪ𣿡
΢΢һЦΪβɣЩ£Ҫȥġ
˷ܵĺΣǳʶúһͼ
һզࣺСݴ򣬿㴽ݰ˹ôѪȵĶȤʵǡʵǡ
ͷʵΣ
ЦãļҹҼ㣿
ԣתȥٿ
˵ĶԻȻûתͷȥҲ˵֮еʲôΪ̬ȫԼôн
˵Сݴϲо壬ְˣ󽫸űասдĻоЩ
ʵĶģҪо壬϶壬þǵ˵ġоЩ˿ȫϴ治үֻҪ˻ԼôȻû˸ҷԡ
Ҳ˵ҿ⽨鲻ݴ򲻷һ£
еؿ
С˵һῼǵġ
􏪱¹Ȼ˭֪ˣÿ곯ߣҲǰ
곯􏪸˵˳Ͻʵ
̧Ҫ˵ֿͣ£
΢ЦæҲûҺú졣ţ
Ц֣ҽԼġգհɣֺȾ졣
ʣæʲôأ
ٺЦһ˽¡
􏪿Ц飬Ȼı飺Уȥɡϲ½Ǻһ׮ôˣ߳ˡ
Ҳ̧žߡҪȥ¶԰곯Ѿˣȥó˵£Ͳ̫ԸԼǺòײ˵ͬġ
˼գŸ􏪵Լ􏪷еѻٸ⣺ˣ
̾һо𣿡
Ⱦƣ
Ⱦƻʱϼþҡ
˵үһưɣ˳Ū¾Ʋˡ⼸㲻ͦô
һۻһŵڰ֣ȳȥ
Щɵؿ􏪣˵ȳȥɡЩﻰҪ˵
ȥˣſڣֺʱԼϲ֮ģ
һ㶣һʱ侹֪ôͷãʲôʱѾ˵ˣ֮ϲԼʱԼϲӦЩˣǺһЦˣһˣһжȻȻˡ
ʣû
𵱳ԥЦȻ
Ǿһ𡣡
һмʮأԸźްˡ
˰Σ˵
б֮ˣ
ЦһЦԺ˵
Ǳ㾡°ա
˵ΪҰһʥּգպұ̡
˴æ􏪵ǳһ
˵ֹ̲١
ü²ս£ָĲʲôأ⵹˻ζˡ
գֵܶ˾ͳǱߵ״̸ࡣ֮£¹Ȼ롢ԼȻ򽻵ءμݣҪĵġ
հ̸ֵܶ£׼ţͻȻ֣Ҳˣе˽¡
􏪺⣺ѾǷˣȥ
ϵ·ڰ֣ңаš
ӭϼ˹ţ棺ݴնȥ˺δ
𣺡ȥ̫ҽݣȥڱŲŻȥ
һסȥ
Լҽݻԡ£ſɵĳ׼Էʱүүˡ
ü˵˵Ҵʱæ
ѾſڣЦСݴæʲô
үȻ΢ᣬô˽լ˵ȥɡ
˵㿴Ҷѹˣ˼УѵҲͨСݴδ̫룬ǽѵġ
˵ү˴Ϊ£
ϵĲˣǼ򵥵һأҲ࣬Цɲˣδ÷ø÷ҳԸ
үǲδǰ׼ˡ
ǰ׼ʲôұʲôѾ˸ꡣ
ʮΣòˡдү
˵ýСݴԷɣĺ¥ͦ
˵үлֱ˵ɡ
ұȥˣص֪Сݴ㻹ͬһȥ𣿡
סˣô죿
һЦԣҪģʥּˡȥʰңʱȻСݴԸȥҲ⣬Ͼ͵ˣǸóˡ
е㷢죬һ£û˵
Ƭֽ̣ڣֻһɿĳϵһۣ¶һƬ͵ƣλƵĵƹһգһɱķ顣
ĺͷһ£ƿվӵұˣСݴϽ÷ɡ
æ̧ͷ죬ȴû˵Ļˣļ˵ʲôζ
Դ常棬ͬἰһλŮӣͬȥ˵ý֮Ҳûֹճ֣ģȻҲǵ𣬶֪ͨġ


183 Ը
ûûζسŷ, ˼ڣȻ꣬ȥʰ
ʣү, 𣿡
˵, ˰ɡ
һ, ֽ, ƵƣҪȥһүǱߡ
оص˸Ͻȥ, ү
常סһ常Ů࣬, , аհ̫ҽݺ󣬱լӡ
常Խǿҽʮ, Ѿ¸, ҽҲΪ˵áѵõǴ缺, ʮ۰ΪֶӵĻҲǲġǰϼŹ˵ѰһϵĹ, ˼, ⲻ׼ϼȥء
, Խܸˣ÷˲
ѾԹ, 常
Խ˵常ȱ衣
һ常ĸõ, ˵常, лͬ˵
Խվȥ鷿ɡ
鷿, Խֶӣ˵ɣ£
򴽣˵常Ҫȥˡ
ô죿˵ܴһЩ𣿡Խȵؿ
˵ʱʥּҪ󾡿ȥҲܻϼˡ
Խ˵㲻ܻȥһȥס
æҡͷȥˣһȥҲ֪ʱܹ˼ҹ
Խˣ⺢ӣ˵ʲôòһʵģôܹ壬¾ûǵˣѵˣ
ͷһ£ֶȥ겻ùܲһֱšл常ЩΪֶģֶġ
ԽɫӣͲ̫ҽݣȥ
˵͢ȥҲܾܾרˣսõȥǸҪҡ
ԽǲԸˣֻǸսܶΣա
ΪǴ򣬲ӦóսϣǱиҪȥȡ常ô˵ˣһȥʰˡ
常شת뿪ԼһᣬûܾˣϾ常Լ׵ˡ
밴ԼĻһ㣬һ㣬׷һ㡣
ԭΪǳ֮ý֮ԣ顣Ȼ˼÷֮飬ؽմҲʶ֪أܲĽ
ڳ֮ǰʶԷ˽ԷǷǵõ֮ղ֪Էʲô˽˴ˣϲ񣬶һԡ
Ծȥ˵Ϊӱʲô
ճʱСԺ棺үСһݴȥȥȥһ̡
棬һۣүأ
˵ڸүУѾȥˡݴȥ𣿡
˵Եһ¡
תݣ׼õİϳǰأˣǲˣǻ⡣
£ֵϯض˵ҲûҪôûúЪϢա
ǺЦߵԽԻ˵ԽǺ£Ὣž۵ӾԽ硣
ǿƲסҲǼ죬ղôŸոտҪ۳Ͷ١
ŤͷĹٵȥ˵Щ²
ʲô£􏪺ʣע⵽һֱڳ濴Ҳתͷȥݴˣ
װӣ
ȥ𣿡üʡ
˵֪ȥȥûȷд𸴡
бǲȥôˣ
̾Ϣǲȥѵܰߣ
ļ磺ģҾ϶ȥôȰƣܻġ
˭֪ءлûмְգ£ѡʲôԼ˭Ҳ֪
ܿ͵˽ǰ򶨣ûҲûлͷ˶Ķ
ݴ򣬵ˡ
󣬵һȥ˹վϵӣתȥһӴСݴͨˣ
һۣϽԱߵ񣺡£
˵Ҫˣվ˵ݴûգҪطˣݴǲɶõҽҪúշࡣ
һַ֣ģȻʡáѵ룬ǱǴˡ
˵ȥɣ·Сģչ˺Լ˴˶Ӧ
Ƕ˴ʱ򴬲뿪ʱȴһҾ޴̴
վڴͷ밶ϵ􏪻ֱϵ˶ˣװϵ˲½ɢˡ
ͷΪСݴ򲻻ˡ
˵Ϊβ
˵常ҪȥףΪס
΢΢죺ûС
ˣ
š
֣ϧѽòһϰֵģ̫ϧ
бүţ
ֿ˻ȷʵšôܾˣ常ͬˣû˵ʲô
˵үµ˽ôȤ
һɫҹ¶˵Ҫշ㡣
תȻүҪշ£絽Ѱһ¡
Цÿģðˡ
ĲշĸڣƺҲ⡣˲շС滮ķ羰֪ΪΣй˿ĸоȻûг߸ΪһЩ
뿪ؾ֮֮㿪ʼ¹Ȼ̸УΪ˱ʾ⣬֮¹Ȼ뵥Сǽ̸
߳ģ֮ܶ಻ٵԭ򣬷ֺԭֵĵ̣Ȼǰȫ֣̽ұ¹ȻֹȥҲһ˻
¹Ȼ뻹μ뵳һƬɽø˰һƬҲ¹ȻʵطΧڣегûøһǻرһʵҲ뽫ˮðֱ뵳ϡ
֮᲻֪С̣ȻͣвҪĵֶδ¹ˣ
¹Ȼ뵥ڻӦÿΪṩǧƥȻǰмġ֮Ӧ¹Ȼ뻥ͨУó¹ȻҪҶƷҪ¹ȻƤëҩĵȡ
ͨ½˿֮·;¹Ȼ̣¹ȻͬŴ
ϸ̸ףˡ֮ȫϲ⣺ôô죿
ɵҲҪֵԹɱˡ
֪֮Ц²Ųˣ
Ц㲻һֶ˼ҹ룿
ȻţԹ㡣􏪻б˽ôѵˣұ㽫㽻ӣȻ׼ȥˡ
˵ջȥҲã붫ֻһƺΪϣѹĵط붫ڵԥݡӺݣǱҲɵ֣


184 
֮ץʱͷ, ӳ̤Ϲ֮·
ְ֮󣬰ɻս, Ѿһ, ԵȻԼĶ
¹Ȼÿ껹ṩǧսȻϮ, ¹ȻҲ֧Ԯ˱ȷһʧ
֮صֱפԥݡ
ԥ붫ֶפڴˣ൱һѼ⵶׼˶Ŀڡ
ƵǾλ, ս׵Ķ, Ҫرء
ź, ֮ŷؽҵ
, 􏪷±, ߵͥԺУڻҶïľվͷĽɫľػ
֮뿪ҵʱľƮĽ, ľֿ, δ飬֪ʱܹ, ̾˿
ȥ֮ãʱ, ֮Ҳû, ôûдŻ֪ˡ
ƽŽ
􏪻ͷ, Űƽɢѧˣ
šͻľػ, ѮݣժЩ㡣
ʱˣ
ƽ˵շӸ컯Σ㾫õıľػ㾫㣬ƿܷⱣ棬ʱһΣܱáôϲľػ㣬ӱܽøã㻨лˣҲŵľػ㡣
􏪹ЦӾȻ
컯ǽ¿Ŀγ̣꼶ѧԵ㣬ӶԹ컯컯²ͷġ
û뵽²յ˻ͦ˼Ȼȥо㣬԰ƽôĺ˵ͦʺϼȤ
ƽ˵ѽǷӿ˼ˡϴοǽ͹ˣʵʲô˵һֶܹԼȼաӽǶϣһԼŻˡ
􏪺ܾϲû뵽ˣѧʣúøŷѧ
ǣҰôѾѧô
ȥưɡܺ氢ƽŪʲô
šˣɴ˻ڵŸϿءƽ߸תȥˡ
ͷѵľػʵϲľصĲԼ֮ǰݼڣľػ»ϲ֮һֱԼߡ
֪˶ãͻȻһ磬һЩ翪ľ¡
􏪼׹䣬æȥӣս䣬Щȫڵˣ􏪿ŵϵĻЩϧ̲ס̾ϢľضҪˣ֮ٲ͸ϲ
øϡһͳ
ĿѣҪתͷѾ˴סˣϤζ͸оʱס
֮֮􏪽еڶʱЩˣ
ţûͻ֮סø첲˻ôˣûúóԷ
תǰˣʵеţ֮ӣ㣬Ҳΰɣ
֮öͷģǼǼĥ䣺ҪҪȷһ£
΢ģģģֱšôûǰңҺȥ㰡
һϲˣûչ˺Լ
ǣ̫ȣʳ̫ãתźЩˣܿܳȥֺˣǲ;̫ˣ
̫ˮ٣ϱˡҵе㵣㲻ӦǱߵʲôãΨˮ㣬Ҳ̫֮ʼնϱߵ􏪲Ӧ
޷Ӧˡ
Ŀԣֻ±˴ˣԵһжѾԶǶȥʲôҹ£˿̶˿̵ǰˡ
֮Ħ􏪵ӣӨĴϣʶ򴽣Ҫȥһ˿ʡ
􏪼򴽣Ҳʶһ£ʵ̲סȥһڡ
֮û뵽ͣ˰ģ§˸Ͻת޹ýż⽫һˣһ⣬ȻͷһԵȥ
ˮѾõٴˮУƴغˮеˮĵĿϲҸʲô˲ˣ˿֮̾һ壬Ҳ֮¡
֪˶ãƽϢ֮ӵŻеˣǣȻֻлصߣԼĲĹޡ
􏪲û˯ţֻ۵ò붯۾֮ǣķ·۹Ƶġ
ʱӳģ
֮ΪѾ˯ˣ仰һ㶣ȻЦˣû˯أ
􏪸ĸ첲ءһȥһصģͷƴô˷ŵġ첲˰ɣ
֮ЦͺˡǴǽ֣ҺҲûܹˡѮӳģȥԥݺݣ˳鿴һ±߹طأԵЩӡ
ҲǰңôϢػˣǴ󹦳ϲǺϲģ֮ǹܲӡ
Ҳ޷ֻˡ̲Ϊֻ˵ĹͬĿ֪꣬􏪴δµһ˵£ȫ˵¡
λ˰ɣ
ʱˣȥ֡
ЦǾ꣬ȥʰֻ֡ҪֵԱһͳҲǿˡ


185 Բ
֮, 􏪵䵽ʵҲһʣʲô˳, ҲƽͲ, ƽﳯЩƺҲûôˡ
һ֮ھУɽҲȥ˱߹, ǰһֱڴ񷱶࣬״Ƶǽͷö
ʮ۷򳤴һʱ䣬ѹν󡣳дҲǶֱ֧, Ϊǳôģôʱսġ
ҧ, ɿ, ǰҪһжԴԴϵعӦȥ, ݡ±ҩġáȵȡ
ܴ, Ҳûũҵ˰ũҵǹֻ֮Ҫũҵȵ, ҵĻʯڡ
άսҪǮ, 㽫ҵ˰ϣͳһһɡ
ҵҪԭĵײ, Ȼⲿ˵ĲĪκΡ
􏪽ӹ֮ܰǰ, ˿ǰȼֵ, 󼮡̼ū, ӳʱѾ˻ֺ˵ȼ, Խġ
̵ֵȼ֣ȡ˹󼮡ֻ̼ū֡
Ϊԭĵײ㶼ŲټūЩ˶ǵ˽вƲ
􏪲ûһȫȡūūһоߣһ̨ʵū棬ʵʵλϣū
ūŮȫΪǲǼᣬ޷ֵءһļʱ٣Щ˼ҲΪ˿ڶƽ׶졣
͢䷢ֹһ˿Ǵӱ°صսصūū
һײ޷ͨ˿֯ϹģѾصͨҲ׸ȥ췴
Ϊ˳ǮȯңҲ൱ڹȯ䷢ۣŵһϢ굽ڶһⷨӿɱǮҺˣٲгӶͨ͡
ȯķŴֻҪĸǳ͢۵ģбϣնԸ⹺ȯҷе÷ǳ˳̶һڱꡣ
ⷨǮ§Ӷݷѣ􏪾УÿӣܳＯҪķá
ӻһôȯҵҪԭĵײ㣬ΪֻЩвжǮȯҡ
˳͢ȯңΪ˵ܹԼǮȻֳ֧͢һоٴ룬ǷݴĲ֮ġάȶҲһ档
֮˽һľٴ룬е֮鶼ˣҾ˵ˣûܱʺλӡ
􏪿ЦʲôʲʵģǱƳġô̯ӣҪʰ
֮򣺡ˡ
˵ҲãҲЩĽʿ˵ʿǵĸûأˡ׬Ǯã
֮˵ʱõģǴǶɻ˲ٽֵͭңˣٸʿǷŸɡ
۾һ԰ôһ硣ããǽˡѹսս˵ⲻֳɵô
Ժ־Ͳôżˣ꣬һƸٴɣô׽⣬Ƕ־ڵĺ˰ջҪܼࡣ
һͳ̩񰲵Ӻʱʵأϣһյ
֮ûգʱδѽڣ􏪺ܿأÿﶼ¡ףҪ£ҪۻԲ
􏪱ڹ磬ݾɲۣһ硣
˵ݴ˲ΪģԼˣ֮ͬŵĹϵԸ⽫Ϊˡ
뿪֮ʱЩ˶緢¶ӡٿȻѹʮأѳ꣬ɽԶѳɼҵȢӣ뿪֮Ѷ룬չ֮ơ
Ҳ¹ҵ״մʧϦ𽥰ʼҵδ̩񰲡ǿǲԶ롣
ҹ΢㸡»ˮкĺ˼ʫ
̫ӳԵĴ΢Уˮ֯¹⽻ӳЦı
մݸųģ˼ɽ뼪ֵδڳ⣬߽ЯҾǰɽĲ˹̩ҲŻѪˡ
رϲ֣˹˹˵ڰɳҹε龰Ůپԣ缢ƿʵ֮Ϻڿν¡
򵥿ֵӾֻĸо
ڻУȻƽ
􏪻عƽ£
ƽЦ˵ʦֺʦ˵ݵʱ򣬵ʦÿҽ£ǲģ
ѽ֮ӹ⣬һ􏪣ЦڼаѧãҹڼſڸҹΣ¡ʱ㻹أرһϣ˭ҲҪֻһֱ㣬һ߸ҽΡɰۻˡ
ƽŵЦ棿ô˵ҲǸŵʦϹεģ
ǡȥѧϹΣǵ𣿡Ц
ƽҡͷֻǵ÷خһЩˣʱ̫Сˡ˵λʦҲǵѧˣ
һԵЦЩʦ֣ûм¡СЩˣȫϹĿΡ
ƽЦǱ㶼ҵʦʦˡ
˵ǡͦݵģǰɳ壬﷿ӻҺʦԽءǲ֪޻ٻȥ
һԵЦ˳֮ģһֱŰɳһС
Цǣǿ̹ĵļ䡣ҵôҶ˼࣬һߵաϲͬյľۣΪʱĪġ
֮ؿܹȥ꣬վöߣöԶʼնǹԼĵط􏪣֮ң°֮ҡ
ƽ˵ʵݣպһͳ̣Ѳعʵȥһơ
ЦȷʵͦȥơǲȥˣǱ˲֮١㣬㹦ѧɣԴΪȥ߿
ƽȻһ¶꣬Ѿϰ֪֮ԼǣݳѲ˵򵥣ʵʲ൱鷳ס˵Ļպȥ¡
úӣǵã²ҵ£Ҳҵ£˵£ǸӲݴƹܰˣҪԶ˷Ҫλȥǡ˳ƽӡ
ƽһ֪⣺ƽμġ
ʱ˼ҹˣžƱ˼齫ֵľƱݸƽ£ʦֵܸºʦưɡ£ʦԲҹ˵ԲӣϧʦֲڣԲˡʦֵףʦԲԲ
ãǹԺӣľ㹻ˣ֮ϲؿǰӣο
˵Ӷˣ˼Ѿˣµʱ˸رɵŮĸŮͬŮء
ҽڸнʿڼְרŸ졢ٹ١ԸѵһҴ޹ϸţĽʷպٹ١
Ψһв֮Ǽɽ뼪ֵܲڣɽԶʴӳδ飬ӣٹһҲûˡ
ԭǸ֮ӳصģԥݺɽפˣùɽؾ
ֽս֮󣬵Ķֳû٣ɽһֱפڱ߹أӱʱ಻ߣĶ޶Ƿࡣ
ȵ֮س֪ҪԥפأӧʦߣΪ̫ʦµ꣬ǷֱѾ̫ˡ
ԲĴһ˲Բģν˲ϧء
ϯɢ֮ɲȥ˯ͥԺ֮һ¡֮ϣ􏪱ϣ¹һûһġ
˵ҲжʮˣҲóɼˡһֱܵǼûܻͦźġ
Ӧˣһȣ˼¶֪δ㡣ָ֮􏪵ķҰ档
ʦǸùһ£´ʡҲüɽһ£Ͼǳ֡˵ͻȻһ£Ѿˣ¹ȻҲãͨͨһ½˿֮·ǲ֪һǺ
˿֮·ϷĸڱѾջһ룬Ҫ뷢չ½ãܽ·˿֮·ͨߵľҲܸŷ
֮Ҳͬһ飺½·Ⱥ·ΪȫɱҲǸͨһ¡ͷһ֧ȥ̽һ·һ߹·ɡ
􏪺˷ܣ·Ѿж꣬ܿͨķչҲ㲻óˡ


186 
, ʵ˼Ҽвеءһʱٹ£ֳһƬֻ̬֮Ҫϸɻ, ûжĵ
ЩûͶѹ¶ϼ, ٸ򶽰¶԰ǡ
ٸҲЩ, ΪЩѹ¶ϼص, , һǵء
Ϊʳ, Ҳ˲ޡ
ȾȫΧƹũߣũƹ㲢˵˵ô򵥣Ҫԭޡ
;, ơũߡһõ, ݵ󱻷, ȷʵȼü֮, Ҳǲġ
ҵ֮󣬱˵ȥѰÿ˵ǣ뽨ҵԶĵһҲͭνһõ¡
ũƹռ, ٹ꣬ȫũˡ
˵􏪾ⲻ´½, ޿ɶ󴢴ḻĴ½, ҶǸ, ҪܹеǱ߾ͺˣԴһȱ
󺣵벻֪ܲʵ֣ʱʵ֡
ξ޸ˮʩݡһ֣Ƕףطû֡
􏪱طǣͷˮعӵ޳ˮ⣬ݴĻˮųڳˮ֮УԱɺʱȡá
Ͳƹ㿪Ȼ֮ȣʡ
ֹһɣɣϣΪҵ
􏪱ȽοǣµĹںܶ෽涼ͻơ
Ľԯ磬ԭصֱԯĳԯ磬ʡҲЧʣխСĶܹá
෽涼иĽ£ʳ궼¸ߣ˳Ľ꣬ʳܲûмĵǰ껹Ҫ֮һ
ռҼֱ㣬׷ٽҵķ١
޻ǵĲҲֹ֮Ҳչ
ҵΪдºͽּɵġ
οǣԾƺ󣬰ÿ궼ڼⶼᰲĽ
Ϊҽˮƽϣ̫ҽԺͷڸݿҽѧݣ־ѧҽѧӣ
һһϦ£¶Ҫͷڿʼܿɹ
Թҽ߾Ǹżҵǵ˽ѧЧʵͣһеĽ̻ͽܶʦĹǣ˴ҲԸͽ´ϡ٣ҽˮƽ£˾ձ¡
ҽѧΪЧʣһоĴڿΣѧѧϰ֪ʶٽҽݽʵͨҵУٸ䷢ִҽʸ񣬱ΪĴ
ȴǰĽѧģʽҪݲ٣ȻѧżҲȽϸߣҪͨҽѧݵĿԲѧ
ڿƾٿŵĶѡҽѧݾͶٴҽѧݳܹѧһ֮Ҵ˾ְҵ
􏪻Ҫطٸźнйѵǲ㡢ֱӹϵȺˮƽȻԽԽá
ٸҲڼӡ֮ܶڽʣĹؼ
ŰһƬȶˮƽֳһƬ̬֮οġ
ĿǰյˮƽɺܵͣҲǿӣδ·кܳһõĿˣŻԽԽá
밢ƽкߣҪģֳȷĵ·ǰУ̫ܿƽʢ
ʮ£ɽŴӻˣλĴֻȥʱ˶ʮң;ҸŹ̴
;һ˳Ӳ˹֮󣬴˷籩ڴֻܣҴײһ
Ҵ˲̶ͬȵ٣һҲ˹أബԱײˮˮûɥڴ֮УһҲûüȣûˡ
һΪֻ岿ˮܸռ죬ûгҲʧһֻ
ҳûĲ˹̼ҵһγҽôһҴ֮벻
Ҷͬ飬ɽλ˹죬ҲԷģΪֲʧɽҶʣ԰á
ִｨҵ󣬼ɽ˴ŴĻƷȥݽóס
Խ½Ʒ۸Խ󣬻ࡣйھµز˹Ҳܻȡ߶γʧֲ١
􏪶ԼɽİŷǳΪڹõ󣬽óס
ͬɽ̸ؽ½˿·
ɽǳ޳ɣΪ뷨ǳСڲ˹ʱ൱Ҳǳ󴬣ֻܴͷҺմһ¹ʣأҳʱҲܼơܴͨ½·ػиԸóס
􏪸Цô¡½˿·һչô;ĳҲ֮½ľáֻĿǰûȷѡƼ𣿡
ɽ˵ʵҺȥڴӻûкʵ֣ܽҴӴ˹˵ò˰ɣȥ̽½·
˵áʵҲû밲ȥ½·һһֱߣܲҵµ½ء
ɽɴۿ􏪣Ϊȥ½أ
ЦںϺж꣬ľ鿴ΪƬԲط𣿡
ɽЩյͷ˵治˵ǵĴںϺʱɳ©㣬ǵ̫ɽʱȴûɽ·׷̫һ㡣
˵һ󵨵뷨Ƭأһ̫һԲ塣Χ̫תʮʱڲŻǸɽ󺣣һֱߣջǻص
ɽĿɿڴؿ􏪣Ӷеתˣ˵ֱδģ¿룡
һԵ֮ЩͬؿżɽɲԼ֪􏪵ʵδ˵ȱۣ˵£´½֮磬һͳ֮㲻١
ŤͷЦš˵ʵһͦȥġ´½߳޷ǳȫɣǵÿʱỨñȽ϶һ㣬֪ˮʳܲܲù
֮􏪣̲ס֪ɣȴΪݣһӶڻʳ֮Уһӥ
˵лᣬȥ
չ¶Цգǲȥ;úҸˡʵϣƽܹһʱ㽫̸̯ԼλȥԼ
ֻܲʵ֣治˵ϣԼ֮ܽʮ꣬ƽҲһ㣬ɲţǺǰݡ
ɽ˵ʵԸȥ½˿·ʱ
˵꿪ɣ񱱱붬ЩطѩѾⶳʺϳС㰲հ֣㡣
ɽȭּ
ɽߺ􏪶֮˵дŸˣǰ׼һ֧նӣȥ;ɳĮûո޷ߡ¹Ȼ飬Ҳһ£ѰһЩϤɳĮ򵼡
֮ͷá
˵꿪󣬱޳ɣȡǨ
ɽһˣҪӯ٣Ǯɹˡ
ȻҪһͳ£Ͳƫϣοҵӹ񣬾ûΪʣⶼôǨɡ


187 ı
̫, һ֧ǧ˵Ķӳ̤Ѿж֮õ˿·
֧аʹʼԼ͵Ľʿ
ҲһЩ󵨸Ҵͨˣǵ֪һϢ, Ըð, ֧һȻǰ·δ֪, ռ󣬵֪, ֻҪܹƽ, ͻᷢơ
Ǵ˿񡢲ҶֽŵȻƷƥΪװع, 嶣̤δ֪֮̽·
ǰ·˭Ҳ֪, ԭϰûͬй, ֪ʲô
ȥһս, ǴȥˣӦҲʶ, ԭһˡ
˵, ֧顣ζΣղ, 㵱عٸΪǣҲзͽӣԴϾǱҪġ
ʹǰĿģΪ˸, ǽóҲϣٸܹΪ̿ṩȫϣ̶ӵİȫϾͨ·Ը˵ֻкôûл
ͬʱ, ʼ޳, ΪǨ㡣ȥ, ҲһЩСҪ󣬱θΪé
밲ս֮ʱֵݹ֦ϣܱǰӣͬԿ
ԪĽݸҵʱδֱӴӦ֣Ǵ벶ȸں⣬û
ʱɳСɶ԰߾̽Ϯţʮ־û̵ôٽʿ
ұߵȻҲʹ߹ȷԪ±ʾϣǲҪƻĿǰıóףȡǵʧ
ĽݸʶضںᣬͨȻǣǡʱɳɽפİ߾ԪºĽݸ˼ֵͷ
Ҳֻ֪ҪһܣֱΪһĿꡣֻܼϣܾطֱɽûôֿͰӵԱȥˡ
ԪĽݸұʶȥһͳµĲҰȻңὫìͷָ֡
̽ռϢһģ̩񰲡ǰڲ߽⣬ûʲôֹܹǵҰ벽
߽⣬ֻ޿ɿġ􏪷⡣
ڲΪӪ֮˵ԪĽݸҼֱձͷϻһʱܴǿɲһβͲֻӴܡ
ڣԪϣԼľ˸ͻпԭ˸Ҳˡ
Ľݸ˵ǰǣư೸⣬άƽ⡣ȥһƴ󣬱µ㡣
Ԫ²ͷ룬նǾɻ˸Ѿ˵˺öˣѵϵýˣ
˸˵ˣҪӰڲ߽⡣˸߽֮⣿
Ľݸ˵ƺ˻һ˻ã
Ԫ̧ͷĽݸңһ˵˸˵ǣ
ĽݸҵͷǡҶֱӻ꣬Ҳõʱˡ
Ԫüʲôأ
Ľݸ˵􏪴λ֮ڰоƣҴ塢Сȫָǰ˰ļȲֻȱͷˡ
Ԫбۿ˸ǻȥЩƷ􏪣
ĽݸҵͷǡֻҪ􏪱ȥҲ
ɳһ
뽨ҵ뽨ҵģԶˮȲ˽𡣵ʱֶԸҪֵĵ̣ǸҲʱ˱һͳֹԸ
Ԫһϲֲ̫ȷ˵˸Ϊ˾ĿУ
Ľݸ˵вУҪԲ֪Σǲûʧǲǣ
Ԫµͷ˵Ҳǡ±㽻ɾ˸ȥɡ
һͣǶŸһһӰҲޣȤ
һº߲Ժţʯ˳ңȻöûԺӿҲ˾סӡ
ã˹ӦţŵһСˣֻһŷ죬¶˭ϸŮӡ
ŵʣԶɿ⸮ϣ
Сһ㽫Ŵһȣ롣
תȥϵˣһλŶñĸߴӴӳֱӽԺӣһȥԺ¹ϣſڵСָֻ
լӴ⿴ͨȴСãڲŵԺ
С⹧ү˵ˡ
ǷӣŲ۵ůڣʵʵ·±紵Ƶģﻹһͭ¯
̧ͷ¶һӣ˲Ǳˣǵ꽨ҵƺʧٲǣ緢ӣֱˡ
嵽õĿˣЩ㵣󽫾ݹ٣ʧԶӭ衣˵տδ
Ľݸ־Ȼŵɵüǲʣ
ֿǰȾ纮δȬʴηô󽫾Цˡ
ĽݸüͷѰҽҩˣزϷ֪һϷΪҽ
ס죺ЩСͷ󽫾
ĽݸҴǰǣѾ˫۳ƣȻʮ꣬ģȴʮ꣬Ȼıһ˵ľӶӰ쵽˵òǧҪ壬жµűȥء
ԳЦһһ񣬴󽫾ҪȡЦ
Ľݸɫ¿Ϸ˵Ц
ĬȻã̾һ
Ľݸ˵Ǿƽ׷̫ӣӡĿǰ״ֻʱģһعλġ
ǾҿòͣϢ󽫾˷ǰΪ˰οҰɣ
ȻºϷοЩн躹ޣΪгһܹصҵԼһУĽݸǵ
Ϊȣ׵һѪɫ¶һ˿Ц̸ף
Ľݸ˵к֮־زԸưСԺмżȴɣ
̧ۿǵıԸ֧Ҷػλ
ĽݸҡͷЩض԰Ҳָƣ􏪸ãһУûй˽ַԹصֻҪȥЩɹ壬Ҹᣬⰲ֮
૵˵һؽҵ
ǣ􏪣ϷŰЩǶԸֱ֧㡣밲óÿն̶ӳȥǣֻҪ̶Уװ磬˳صڽΣڽҵӪ꣬޸ɣˣҼұԸΪṩһʸáػţ»ɶأ
Ǳ۾û˵
ĽݸҲû˵ֻصȴš
ڣۣȻ֮˹лұ⡣һء
ĽݸұȭǾԤףɣϷ򽫻һʿ¡
ǵл
³壬ڣҼҰӡҰѣҵƯέҶ밬ݵ㣬վۼػӱߵſۣշΧ쳣Ũء
ճнݣԱǶϳãڼҹڡ
ѵ͵Уú÷һ£ѵ֮ҲڼңһڿԺúùڡ
һ磬􏪱йƽƽаһ궼ƽƽˡ
ƽԹԵ֣􏪸ӣȥ𣿡
􏪽ϵã˵ȥǱһȥ
֮˵뿴ۣںӱҸ¥̨һˣҪȺ꣬˶ӣȫ
˵Ҳáкʵĵص㣿
֮˵һͦһֺͬк¥λõżڳ
ȻܾͽЩƽҲûбʾãϾİȫҪܸ鷳ãǸϽţȻȥۡ
һڳ緹ֳӣװһһ˹
ȻǹڣַǷͷͷܶؽֶǸɫС̯Сڽͷ֣˼̻􏪾ͰķΧ
˻ʵۺ󣬾ͺ˼̻ˣΪİȫʼǸûȫ׼ǲ׳ŵģֲԸ̴ѹͷ㰮á
ճţȻûŪųǰҵҲصģһֱŵһ硣
ֺſӭˣɾˣżѱã룡
􏪿һۿյĲ磬˵ղӪҵ
ֺ˵֪ɾˣлпˡ
􏪱ŪôۣȻлˣָܲĿٷſ˽ǵѹ˵ˣǿأȥɡ
ƽļΪѾ˹ĵ¥ȥ㣬Ҫʼˡ
ˡ֮ӶЦ̤¥


188 ɱ
ػӱ̲, Ů˿ѹֶ˵Ķཿ, ˹˹, ۲ҲˣҲˡ
ƽſڴ߼ĿԶ, ҿˣǱأʲôʱʼ
˳ֿȥֻԶԶ۵ӰӣǷˡЯźӵȺ, һһȵʢᡣ
ӦϾͿ쿪ʼˡ
ֺΪǷ裺λɾ, Ȳ衣
֮豭һڣΣ
ֺ룬˵һ糣ֻǳЩЩڡ
ֺһƹʵǳ͢鱨ĸ, ٹ١ҴĶ򣬶ڼ췶Χ֮ڡ
㰢ƽд羰תͷǲҪ, ƵЩ
ֺ˵ҲôΪġϸ, ŷЩ쳣, Ԭ, ЩΪһЩԵʮ꣬Ǿ˶֪, ǰЩȴͬϵᡣû, ֹ֣ϵᡣ
֮ʣʲô᣿
ֺ˵ǼСӵСӰ¾ơ֣֣Ϸ, ʲô١˵ᣬԬңҲŮȥ硣Ԭ϶Ǽȥģν¡ء
ףȷʵЩ
ֺ˵ļ⣬ұ˴˼Ҳǰڵ£Ҳ˵
֮üǷμ֮ˣ
ֺ˵ÿնǰҲ÷ֱ档
֮˵Ǳǿ죬˵ȡ
ǡ
ƽڴ˷ܵغ쿴۱ʼˣ
תͷϹĵ𣬰Уγƴ˹ǰЩӸ꣬ˮ˲٣ˮȽļϵѶеԸпͷ
֮Ҳվ󣬳пһᣬ̧ɨһۺӶ԰ķӡ԰һҲˮ¥̣¥¥̨ǾӸ¿ˡ
е۽ˣҲԽԽ󣬰ƽҲźĶ֮У˷ܵСͨ졣
Ȼ֮ʶԾæȣģһ§סһ􏪺ͰƽһקӶûֱͦͦȥˤ˵ذϣű֧ʸӴֱǽϡ
æ˹д̿ͣɾ䣬Ӵַɽʮ֧ӶеĶ̽Щ
􏪣죬ɾ
֮壬밢ƽûпĵҪ􏪿ٷӦ˴ɱǣ
ƽŵɫףҪɱǣ
֮˵ԣ£һᱣǣϽ뿪վȥ
􏪰οƽ£ʦᱣġȻɱ̫£Ϊ֮Լߣ֪һᱣԼֻ˭ҪɱԼأ
֮˳ȥһ߶˵־ںӶ԰ǴһӵķϽȥ鿴
Ӧһǣȥ鿴
׼¥ȴַð˹Ụ̃󺰣ˣɾʧˣ˽ڵķˣ˹
֮ɫ࣬Ȼɱˣ˵ˣɾȥˣȻ
ֺǴӷڳŹỤֺ̃æֹǣɾǧ壬ſǲˣ泼ӿѾˡаɾ߰ȥ
֮ҲҴðգãϽ·
ǻ֮Ҵ¥¥´ѾŻˣڷӣڵĻæҵľˮͰˮȻ
ڿİշʧҲϽæ
ֺ˿ⷿһؽѣؽﻹһţźһһ˸ߵĵص
֮ʣصʲôʱڵģͨĶ
ֺ˵ɴڵģһֱͨլۡ˵Էһ
ޱ⣺û뵽ƻôһ֡
ֺ˵ɴ˵ߣ·ܲġû뵽һó
֮ģȫͺá
ֺǰͷ·߳խĵصڡ
ƽץ􏪵֣˭Ҫɱǣ
􏪣˭أֺṩϢЩҴƺѲ˸ϵ
ǵȷɳԼ߱λִ治֮£û֣ĸҶϾձȨĶԼš
Լıɱ˳ӹܻλģֻˡĿԼΪ㣬Ǿֻһˡ
֮ͻȻһ􏪵֣ѵˣ
􏪷֮Լ뵽һ̾˿пܡ
ڵصãڲŵ˳ڴֺ֮ȥ̽·ȷǰȫģ􏪵˳
صλڵһշ澲ĵģӴ©ҳڹתһ¾õӣ·ղŵĴɱһʱյ¡
֮Ѿȥүӣ£ʱŵһ飬Ͻеʣ£û°ɣ
˵û£ǰƽ˵㾪š
˵û¾ͺáȥͱ»ع
ֹ֮ɴˣȲع¾㸮СǶ±£ȥ¡
˵Ҳã롣ȥԸһˡ
֮˵£ҾɣӦ뵽Ѿ㣬ǧ
􏪵ͷãǧҪⰲȫ
Ȼ֮˵űӺųȥˡ
ү˵ˣǳģ£ʲôˣ
үѵϡ֮꣬뷢԰ףӲʣ壬ֻǲٳˡ
˵ҪΪϣԸסУΪ벻㡣סԼϣɽʱȥɽסһӡүϲܺͼɽ꽻á
˼ҵģԼڶ׷ɱ˵ڹвţòݸ٣ߣү졣
үӸ˻ˣãã̫ˣĵӺѾˣζ֮ˮƽǲһ
ЦүԣͷһЩ
л¡
źøϵ£үţһվƬ̣˵үͬ»ЩҪ̸ͷġ
ү˵ãȥɡ
վƽԴ˵ƽү˵˵ȥȥ
ƽֻŵѾƽˣõģȥɡ
􏪽鷿̾˿Цû뵽ſۣǱҿδѣǰںص
ҲЩ£ްˡ˵ʵһû뵽ᷢ¡֮»˭ʹģ
˵ֺṩƺиѲ˸ϵ
˵Ὣ˵ԷõǡֻовеıпǾˣһͺˡ
üͷȭͷвӵְģְȨһСɽʿҲǲܡ
ˣ֮󣬱ҪúóһСǳֱ࣬¶̫ʴˣǰ·Ȼ޸ж֮ģ͸ó׽ǲڽŵף÷
􏪲ò⻰е˶ηµģûг״ƽ׼飬ЩҴ并ӲдĻᣬǹôûͼ˵öԣ²࣬ЩҴĹҪúһˡ
˵ɱɱ÷ͷ򲻿ٹϢ
š
˵ΪѡοʱЩӵܵ¼ȡҲƣƽӵܡ
􏪷Ҳʶһ㣬˵Ҳ룬ôһ㽫ԶûвѡοԵʸ񡣡
ã൱޳ɡ
ַ˴˴¼ıҲΪǵĿԱȽϴ󣺡־ڣôпܱڶ֡Ķ֣ԪĽݸҶּɵֶ޿κΣػһ㱰ֶԸǡ
˵пѾصҵҪ˳㽫ҲУں
ףˣǸȷĲҪγС
һֱ֮Ŵűӭ􏪻ع
ʣֶץˣ
֮ҡͷʿץʱ򶼷׷ԾˡԡϷЩ˿ǡǽģǷһĴ߲һ˭ߵģ顣ѽŷǣȲײſš
˿ǾнʿоͺáķǳԼµı˴£ޱĺģ͵ԼЩΪͨһж׷ˣ顣
֮˵һЩˣʿǲûвС
􏪺Ǿͺúò飡


189 
ȥ·, 􏪲ŵ֪ǳ˲ٷӣԱ
ʱв¥ϿŻ֮, ˾޴ĿֻźɧңֱӴ¥ȥ, ڱˣһƹжϸûӳ, ɥڻ𺣡
Խ, ɫԽѿ, ҰĲļһΪһ֮˽, ˰ƲҪǸôһƣ°յӻܹ𣿱ҪϳͲ
ȥ·, ע⵽ڵִĽ˺, ԭֵĽշΧһظ, ĺ
ȫص, ֮ڹмıأڴɱıδ֮ǰ, 􏪵İȫͲܽ
֮ͣ, ͻعֳ֮ȥˣץĻʹȻԽԽ, ʱһ, ־跨ӳˡ
ҵоסʮ˿, Ҫҳʵ, ޴, ֻܴ֪ѰͻƵ㣬뽨ҵѲ˵顣
ҲǴһ쿪ʼڿʼϣаٹϳʱ̲鶼ϸࡣ
ŭڳϷÿոαΣֲֻϮһ¡дȻ˵£Ķ㷲Ҳҵʣй˸սսâڱͲᡣ
̰֮ڣæ׷֡
峿Mˣϴϣһ漦ȥϳ
ձǰԼֶ⣬̲һλ͢٣νԺһʱ
Mصͷк밲룡
Mͷû˵̧ųſȥ
˸սŴ򿪣һ˭
ȫװ֮վſڣһƣˣĳּó͢Ҫи㡣
Mԣͷ͵һϲɫὫбضʲôɣҸôг͢Ҫ
֮ޱ飺ûҪ֪и㡣
Mش𣬱̧ŽȥˣһȺִĽʿ
⼱ˣȵȣ˽Ալۡû
֮վסˣˣǱ͵ĽƣǷʥǰó͢ҪǷģĳ˵ļҾ죬ðϣǼλȥϳɡ仰˵ġ
MЩѾʿųȥǻҪ£ȴʿס죬ֱץס첲˳ȥſڵϡ
ţMע⵽ѾǵլΧøͰһ㣬һֻӬɲȥֶɫ԰ף亹ʣ࿴ŶԷһ仰Ҳ˵
֮˾ֱߣһֱߵߵĺ԰ڻ԰һȶͣפˡǴŵģǱһССĲԺŰɫ󿴣û˳ˡ
֮йң˼䣬ĵǽͷԺڵ
̧ţһţšѡһӦƣˡ
̤֮ȥѾ˴ŵ˳һӵĽʿᵶֶʱЩɣȥ
֮˵涼ǹٸˣ־ܰɣеһͶ
Щ˲ûзͶ˻ȥ˷š
֮Ƭ̣ûзӦŶ룬һѪϵѪ˼ˣǸղᵶˣȻѾˡ֮һۣϳһǵ̴ӡ
üͷ߽ңҲһ˵ѪУһŰڴߣͷһðźذף׵˿̾Щط졣
֮ݵѾ˵Ȼ㡣
ǵߴеذƿ֮˵Σ
֮Į㣬Ҳʡȥǵ鷳
ͻȻͷЦЦ˺һͣ۾죬ҧгݵ˵ҳӣֻ޵һʱû·
֮ԣͫ͵һգ˲ɭޱȣԽձֵ·ˣγ䳤Ǵ˹ȥ
̧еذ˶ϣȴ֮еĽذ׶һڵء
δգֱǵֽûסǲҽһŭغ֮
֮ûͣ˳ƽһֻֽҲˣֱۡ
һˮһڵأѵŤ壬ʹѵ˵֮߱
ۣ֮ҧ۵ǣ߱ɱֵδοңұȫ㣬ôɣʮˣڿ̫ӵ±ˣ
֮еĽһһϻſӣ͸ðǧУܽͷ֮ޡ
ʹش֮ɱң
֮ףҲὫǰ˱Ͳٴϣǰôãɱˣϲкɱôһ޴ϣһӶð
ʹٺʲ˳ʵ̫ӱ
Ѫشǵð֮ڴڵ촭Ϣţתȥ˵׷ɱǵʱ򣬿һ죿вԱУǣһжԼҵġ
Ѿ˵鴤ţֻгû˽
֮ңȥЩ
ҴӦųȥˣ֮Ƴһ۵ϵǣѻ𣬱ΪеĻҲǳձҰ޹յ
תȥʿǰ˴Ĳݣⶼˡ
֮Խϲѣ̼䣬СԺŨֱ̹ȥ
֮վԺܴݿһȼȼСԺķӡԺڻ԰УΧû׺ķӣǲǣˡ
һֱԺӶոɾȥϨȥŴ뿪ùǸʰǰӳҴˡ


190 
֮Žʿ֮, ŸҴֻ԰Ժʧ˻𣬸еޱȾ, ЩΪʲôǼҷŻ
ƽ︺ǸСԺͳʳ֪סˣĹȥһ, ûҴսֱӦ, Ҳû˵, õȼ˵
˺ַܿ, ǱˣһʿסԺ, ˳롣Ƿʲôˣ˲ڣֻ㷲һ߲²һߵȴ
糯ر࣬􏪰Ĺ, ƽͨʱ³ˣյʱ, ûнļ
Mڵ, ϵ·Ѿʪ͸ָ, ǹϯҲʪˣձ, , ˵ľڵ״̬
˹Ź㱨һߵ֮
֮賿ŵʱ, Ѿ, ǰȥ, ֮³
􏪵֪Ҫ䶨, ˿, ŵ̫尾ˣô񾭽ţĽҲۼ
ʱУϼ˶ȥһΣΨϲֶûȥԼĪ̫࣬ڵˮѾŵòˣû⡣
üͷƵƵȥò˳𣿻Ƿʲô⣿
ڣ洫뻮һĽŲ􏪸Ͻ̧ͷԶԶأͿ̤֮˹һȺȫװĽ
̤߽֮ڣϥأμ£
􏪿˵ƽΪ֮
֮վ˵ڲ˶մɱµ֡
ɫһϲ棬ǺҪɱޣֺڣ
֮ӸɨһȦϵڴ󳼣ֱ֮У
⻰һڣϲ˶˸£Mŵòʧ
ʲô􏪼װһ
ʣὫ˻棿
֮˵λˣ˵˵ΪҪɱ°ɡ
MһϵڿƲס˳
Ȼᣬȴְֳ̲̱ƹҪȲǿһЩԸϽλ˳ڵأ£ԩģʲô֪
ĮѾȫȨɴ󽫾ô˵ҲԩˣǾɴ󽫾˰ɡ
֮˵ּˣλ˴ȥʹιѺûбҵκ˲̽ӡ
ܿ죬һ飬MⲮֶˡMѾ̱ڵˣߵʱϳһԵˮգɲǼ䣬ڶһŵζ
Ӷüͷ֮󽫾˱֣
֮ٿһȦ˵ݳ飬˱ıϻмλǵĴӷˡ޴ˡ̴˶˴˰
MȻıסϣǶıҲ˳£ƺӶϴ塣
֮⻰һ˵мɸһ㣺£ԩ
֮˵λǳ͢٣صĶ֮ţû֤ݣλ˵췴ȫˣλ˶ȥʹ¹Ѻ
нߡ
⼸λȥæġ
û˵ֻؿǣһİô
֮˵£¿ֻǣһʥּײ֮ǰи岻˽ԳǣΥߣıﴦ֮
ʣ˼ǣд»ǣ
֮˵ݳĵ飬˴βıģΪҴ塣ȻҲζеҴ嶼ˡ
ǾһһͣгҴ˶ʱâڱĸо
̾ϢˣǾ㡣ҪԴ²ףϢһ鷸֮ˣȻҲԩһ޹֮ˡ
֮ȭ񣺡ּ⣡
վذڰ֣ˣҲˣ˰ɡ
ǵϵĴǶ׷һɢȥ
¿ν𳹳ҰǶԽҵڵҴ˵ֱͬ׺䶥
ǻһ壬Ȼ彫Ϊܹ£Ĵ嶼˹ŵܶػλԭ˽Ҽӹٽٻ
Ȼ˶ջ󣬵ҲȫĶֻǱȽѣΪ߱ķ̫󣬳ɹ̫Сûвɱ
Ȼ֮􏪵˵ǣı֮Ѿװ¶ЩҴ峹ˣĶʱһ֮У׷׿ʼԼҳ·Ǹɴ췣һУ跨ӳȥֻܻȥ
Щ֪鵫ǲδ¼ĴҲùȻûıҲ֪鲻ߣҪ׷Ҳ􏪻Ź
һҵڶĻ̻̣ЩҴûж˯žġ
һĳ˺Ǻ
֮ṩϢҵаҵҴ嶼Դɱһ֪ģûв뵽ı永УҲ֪鲻٣Ҫ˭ҲӲ
û뵽ô֪ߣȻûһ˸͸¶ϢôҴģ
Щ˿ţܽԼ⵹ôҲܸųɡûвɱҲԹ۵ſϷء
֮οµҲܣǵͬΪı֮ˣóô˻ὫǴѹȥ
˵Ὣ˵öԣͿЩҴ岻˳ˣҷӳǣҲᣬ˴ѵã
¹ЩҴԸӸλЩҴǿҲǳϵġ
֮˵Ѿ׷Ҵʰ¿ǧĴ
šҲᶨҴľģɱɱ÷ͷϻԼǲèء


191 
֮֮ô, ǴӡֲġǴݴԡ˸̣һ, רѵá
ûġڲֿСǰʱ, һУξ͵͵𻵵ġ˳
֮ͨŲ, ҳ͵УξУξ˳ϣҳָʹôɵԬҡ
ԬΪͻƿڣ˳¼ĻʹԼ¼Ҵǡ
Ǳֱڳ֮ץ˵ľٴ롣
Щҿе֪³ͻص˽ҵһֱҵСԺҲ˵Ϊⳡɱ, ı֮á
ԴоƺЩҴĺӾһȥˡЩѾתо̣ǰӵĶ, ӽ֬ӱ, ½˲֪ٵΡ
ҲвóңͷɽյԽԽ, Щÿÿٲ˰􏪺޸ҧгݡ
ʱͻȻˣŵҪʧȥһжֻҪ³, Щȫй֮, ĸò
˯ͷ, Щ˽￪ʼ, ˵£ЩĴ治Ҵ塣
³ıң˵ı췴Ϊ
􏪵֪¼е벻ͨҲֶڳְٽ׻ͣȻ췴֮ġMְһһֱġ
һºȥ˸һѱ֮ˣˣԲ췴췴ıҡ
췴ĸӲģԭɷ塣ֻЩһֱƶɷѾûɷұӲġ
ЩӷҲܵӦĳͷ̡߲֪鲻ҴǣҲܵ˳ͷ
вıҴӵòѡοԣ볯Ϊ١
нҵ죬нһҴ嶼ڱУʣµҴ˵ǵͷһꡣ
Ǽӵ볯ΪһֱǶϾЩҴǵϣ
֮ԳΪңΪ߾㴫ңŻ˼Ĳʢ볯Ϊ٣ǾҲûзĿܣԶײ㡣
ȵһж䶨Ѿ˿¡
գ֪˻􏪷еʣĨһ°ϵĺ顣
һԿ۵֮ƳĶϽˮеĲݹѺ
˰Ѻ־֮˵ߵı÷һڣ̾˿ˬ̫ˡ
֮˵̫ȵĻЪϢٴҲûô񡣡
􏪿Ц罫Щ꣬ڳʱƽȥϽɽԡǰʱǶæŴЩ£ûպúЩҪȥ߹أ㻹ûߣһԸ
֮չͷһĶͷãȥ
̾ϢĲȥӦҪȫˡ
ǰ䲻ҴĻ̥ǱصΣգУ¸Լɱ֮
ı֮ƽϢҴҲɽ𻢣Ժ󶼲Ҷ˼βͺúˣΨһҪģֻڹɱˡ
һڼңȥߣլԺʵί㡣̧֮ĺס
ͻȻпϣ޺ãǨˣ˳߿
˵ģܽǨɳ࣬չϺҵӦǱߵ򡣡
û£Ӧġɳ̫࣬ʱһЩȥɳ࣬ǻԭֲƻùأȥˣֹҿķǰǧͿʼ֣ٱôصĻɡ
һͳˣʿǵĸˣԶЩȥ֮˵
ҲԡһͳˣǽЩʿ½ŻȥɣʿǹˣҲùӣ̫ƽ¿ɶǴģúúž۵˵
֮ʣü
􏪵ͷüһ֡ҪǻѪԺƣӵһȥۣһ޾ۡ
һͳ֮􏪴һıơǲȡԸƣΪÿʿҪսƴѪΪ黳ΪΪҹڷܶ
̫ƽ󣬾͸Щ˳ӹЩƴѪĽʿеĵǹǰȥϢ
ҲС֮ھӪУ˽⽫ʿǵ״̬ģ˭˲Ѫ֮˭˲˭˲ң
Ϊսף˵ǹһʿ¸ҵسǰߡ
ع԰һͨˣнʿĵ׵ĿͬЩʿۻȥģȻòȡԸԭһһ
³֮􏪣˴ɽǰԥݣ滻ǰ߹صĹɽؾ
ԭǻ붫ֿս¼􏪺֮ʶѾˣǲ밲ӲӲͼòֶ߸ƫȨѬĵǾȻһףֱӱֵӡ


192 
ֹ, ʿڣɴһ¡
֮Ҫʱȥ߹, ץʱ, ʼս
ͬҲæ͢ոһıҴ, ٹԱ, ȱ˲ְλ, Ŀǰ¿ιԱ
Ҫ̣Ҫ׼ڲʮʳסǸ൱ɵ
Զڳ·һºŵ֪ѾϢ, ȲдŻԼ˷֮, źûһ̡
һϢ, Ȼʹ, Ҫݵ, Ǿ봩Խܵȥóס
ӦˣܼȻ֮ĺҲжȻ붫ֵϵǳֵʱ, Ȼ͵õһҪҪֺ
􏪺ͬȻó, ܻȡԷëƤԼƥȣëƤƥоҪʡ
һϷ˳ûдִׯճãҵԽ, ֹҵҲչ, ټնͻ, ֳһ̬֮ȻǴʹսĶ
֮ԥݴףųջ􏪹һִ꣬Ҵһ˱߹ء
̫ʮ£ʹ벨˹Ķڷسǲض飬һ֧ӴĶ飬в˹ˣ۷ơȡʹˣǧ
һķһʱ䣬ΪͨѾжϵ·裬Ĵۣһ·ѪԲ˵
ڸлرģͨ·׬˳ԤڵĲƸ˳ʹ
􏪼ʹʱ¡ԽӼʹ˽ľ顣
Щʹ̸֮УԭĻ˺뾴ϰûнԭĽڣɼӰ컹ʮԶġ
􏪽Ӽʹߣ̲סĥǷܹһҲ밲İͼ
ĿǰĹ˵еΪȴûЩͷ˵ҪԼ첻Ǳ㽫ɰƽ
ϲۼͼȻﺣҲǸõġ
􏪶Դ˴γʹ൱ģζ·˿֮·±ͨӴԺ󣬲ԽóܴٽƷĻȷĽ
ĻҪ쳵вͨģҪж෽潻ķΧԽ㣬չ̶ȾԽǵ͵ļ˼棬ڳ
£ѾʱǨ
ԭڴǨϸǨֵ⣬Ǵͷ
ⲻǼ򵥵İ⣬ٹҲҪǨȥ
ЩԱмҾ죬ʱϼҴڣʰ׼ʱͲ̡ƺƵнٶȽǳķѵʱҲͶ̲ˣû£ⶼǨ˵ġ
Ǩȥ֮󣬻ҪӦŻݿϣû£Ҳ޷ָ
Ѿƻڽʽ֣ʱǨֻ״ںԺ𣬾ԻӰսԲɴո֮Ǩǰ߽ʿǵĺȡ
̫ʮ£֮ʮʦϣֱƶ־ڡ
ɽʮݳƽ֡Գ򶫱ƽ֡
һߵأΪ˷ֹȻû
¹Ȼ뵥ǩԼһȻ¹Ȼ뽫֧Ԯ
¹Ȼ밲ϵУҲż沢¹Ȼ룬ǿʢˣ˿ڲ¹ȻȻ
֮ĽݸҾͼǿ˶԰ķڱ߾˴
˿ڲ࣬аķ֮һԭбʮֱ֮Ԫ¾Ϳʼ̶֮ڣǿ˶ʮ
Ȼӱͷô򵥵£һҪ䱸ҪʳסЩҪ֧ġ
궫ûʲôִ򣬵Ҳ֧ŲʮĽݸһӣÿ±ԱЬֻṩס
ԱȥԶְ˵ͷһ˼Ĳ
ĽΪʮϵĽȫӣ׳ˣڼﲻȱһ׳Ҫͨθ
ԪºĽݸҲۣΪǱģǰˣٺö˵ҲһĲֵ
ʮû룬ҲûйϵҪ˵ģЩ˾Ǻ󱸾ǰˣͿϲϡ
ܱʮܵҲʮ򣬶ֱռƣʤҲеġ
ʮգ֮Ĵһ붫־ڶ־ڵ˳ͻ
Ϊȷ棬󣬷ɱС
ǰ״սԿ갲ʮѵһʽѵɹ
һȣһˡӳ˺ɨǧƣ쳣
ЩԼҪǾ󾫣书չ٣սԲҲԳ˳˵츳ûгԹ̡
֮൱ԼͽܣнԼӰ˵˼
мɫĽ죬µıһʮս
ǰ밲ֵʱռݾƵģԵԽУⲻС
Ȼһ棬Ǳ֧Ĳͬǰİ֧ͬԶǵԤڣŷ׷״ʮ־ӦС
սϽıʿսһʧȻ˵һͿʼܳ⣬ڱľ档
սԾԵƻʤֱɱöжףб׷˳ڡ
֮ȴ콫ʿ˳ըҩЭ£˳ֻ칤
֮ʾ˳פдսϲ˳ݺݿһԼͽܡ
ѾԶһ棬°ƽɣ̫ӼԼ􏪵߿һһµĽɽ
֮оɳ̣ˣʦң
̧֮ۿ֣һоһ£̸δ򡣡
ˣɳ̣˺һָɳ̵˳ֱϱϱˡֶ˳ٶǻر뾫ԼԱߵأһ൱ôүĶѾִϣӦڼǿ䱸ΪүװֵעסһֱӶƵ½ΧĿأѾݵĹؽϣһΧ
֮οصͷ˼·Ϊʦһ¡ݵõ߱ݵıΪıûеûУֻĳӦǺ󱸾Щ˻Ա̣ԶӦ޶УҲΪս֪ǿЩǲɢ˶ֵĺ֡
ֱ̧ȭʦӢ
ҲӢ׼óһЩ֮㣬ɳѸ٣Ϊʦϻο
Ťͷһ֮Цʦϣ
֮ҲûԼСͽܣ𵱳ݳΣǿб֪ǸгϢĺӣû뵽ɳ˹гɾ͸УʦδϣȴСˡҶҪˣ㻹εӰֻء¶Ϊһ㵹Լϵİ
˵£ֳԼʦܶףʣԼˡ
Ľʦ빲ĸ飬ҲĽ˼÷ĸ飬ֳƼˮȴճɾĸҲĽԼȷʵûһ㹻ĶЯһˣеźġ
֮˵ļ磺̣µúúðһ¡˵˼Ů༭ǲò˫ȫŮӣδģʱҸȥܹ£û׼ء
Ķ䶼ˣʦĪҪõ˵Ц
֮Цʲô˼ġŮӺϡ


193 ս
սƻ, ֮򶫣ȡ˾ݡ
˾밲ڣҲӦפر, ֮ʱƽĽݸұ㽫˾ݵıΧĿط, ʴ˾ݱա
ûʲô˾ݣȻ棬ݡ
ݵı˾Ҫ, ң±ΪȻûϵͻȻ, ΪӰо·ôҲᵽ·߹Ƶ
˭֪֮ƫ棬ֱӹƵݡ
ݵսûô⵽ֿ, ˹һĶֱҲ޷Ӣµİ࿹⣬οȱսҺս±
ݳһƣֱͽеͶˡе֮, ֮±ǲɢȥ, Ϊפݵ±Ǻˣɱͬ, ַѿ, ǲɢõİ취
ʱɽŶһ·, Ѿݡ֮ɽϣı֮, һݳ
λԶ, Χľ֮һ, פŲٱ
˳˶һ㣬Ҳж˲ԴʱٸΧĿصȣ㱻ȫ
ʱĽݸʹıҲԻ졣
֮ɽܱ֮ʮפٶ࣬Ҳֵסʮĳ
ϣפʮ򣬵вս±ڶʮ򾫱ǰʮβĶֱֱһ
ڵԭлķأƺӳĵһƽ֣˻Ҳ貵
סĵطȻԾ·˵һͷʹ£ΪǳزܽκεУֻйһǡ
һΧֻӲӲɱһѪ·ֻбڳС
ؽ˶İճţȫҳӦսҪȥϵԮ֧Ԯ
뷨ʵܺΪ뾩ǲԶûȥţգҲ˽ΧϢﵽˡ
ֻҪԪµõϢ˴Ӻ͵ϮʱӦսǾһ
֮ʱǵȴԮʱ䣬٣͵ľǳ䲻⣬ԷһֲһҲܵġ
Եִĵ죬á俪˳ǽ
ԪºĽݸĵľһУһֱ跨Ū֣ڰ߻ܵ£û취䷽
Ūֻܼӹ̳ǽͳţԶԿġ
źͳǽҲǾӹ̵ģǳͻ˺ƤţҪըŲס
ǵһιǣεĹսл۳˾飬ըžըǽб㡣οֻһݳǣͻƿڻ׵ġ
һҲû̫ǽһƣǿǣ򿪳ţӿڵĶֱӵӣĽ
꽵ɱɱ÷ŵķţ㿪ʼ
ĽݸҴʱѾ֪ƵϢüֱҪ³Ѫ˳ʧ֮ԤϰֱӹԼֶĽܵȥսҵȲ
Ľòԣȥ֪̽Ѿˣû˵ǳǱȥˡ
ʱ֮ǴŶҹö룬ĵĺϢΪ˲ֱɲ֪ȥĶ˵Ļࡣ
ĽȥҰʱϮϢΪϽɳһ֧ȥ֧Ԯ
ֻפԼǣǱȽϳġָ֮ʾֻҪǣסԷıȴٹǣɶˡ
פƺҲ밲ս˫ڳڳšÿսнһˣסȥըһ³ǽԺҲҪġ
ըǽŵóڵĶֱľսΪҲ˵ףܽǽը³ǽôˡ
ĳǽι̣ûôըҪҲûھըڵϡ
ģϷһС򣬵С󣬿ºͣʵرǿװɵֱӦԼ壬ǹҶҽڿһ
˵СȫأҲǣΪԼʱ򻹱ֳһĹػ
һүݺɳʮأڳϷƸ꣬ҲΣȴòһƻС˵
ûǿģҲûλȥСĻǶģֲͷࡣ
С򲻽Ӧǹż˵ĸܣǻûϲԼǾ£еʱ䡣
ԭ䶨ˣҪǻţǾȢޣӣȴôԲͶϵĽޣԵǳΪĿԶĿն
СĿǸնƺҲûôˣֱСȹӦһõ°ɡ
еӲûһֱȥһѮ֮󣬶ֱԮ֪ǳ£ʴҲûӲӲֱʱس
һĵݵĲһɽڲ䣬ĵζֱҲҳ壬ΪΪɽȫʧȥơ
׷ɶȥƣǲ̱ӡ˷¿ͷǰһܲǲóԵĿľҪЩֱס֮ѹ
ýһפŶֵʮΪһϮһǱǰ֧ԮԵ˽л˱뱻״̬
ԭǶ֮Ķ飬ʤǺܴģȻ֮ûϳǴƵΧȥˣһûԤ
ȵ֮ʱǵıѾһһĽɵȥˡ
ʱĽݸѾյƵϢѾе㼱ˣټȥôʿܵĴԺƾͻ췦ˡ
򾫱ܵҪ밲һ¡ܣԪ¾ʱɹƺӣԻƺǵΪϣıɽ
֮ϵģǶֵʮ񣬱ԤڵĻ򣬲ԼҲʮϺռƵġ
һ̱ԤڵҪѴû뵽ĽݸһԳԭΪҪʱĽݸҶϣԷйעһļơ
ⲻǹս֮ʮĽݸҵʮոˡ
ĽݸҳѾãǶֵĵһδйܼ
֪֮ͷöԸԸаοǣĽݸѾʮûϹսˣʮٱ뺷ҲȲʱ
ʦȥĽݸҰɡ
֮ҡͷΪʦɡԵöԵһء
˵ʦౣء
֮üЦõģʦҲûԹء
֪ʵڰУҲһλȽȽս
ЦʦжҵȻ֪һʤĽݸҵġ
֮ǲ̫ĽݸңֵսҲ֣Լ°ܽʱ͵ĽʿҲʱ䣬Ͼ²ˣԼƣ긻ǿս꣬Ҳܷḻˡ


194 ɺ
սһ, ˫Ϳʼɱ
ǰֵʱֱ֮ӶԿʵԷ
ϴδ˳ʱ, 棬ֶҲûǰ·, ܴġ
ʱ˺üǳأʿǵʱ֮Ҳļս
ͨʿֻҪǾϸѵ, ʵͲ̫⡣սϱȵ, ʵ൱, ˭ᶨʤ͸
Ҵս˵˼̵İҪ˶Ķֱḻöࡣʿʵ, ׼ʱ˵, жһɱ֮
¶ɳ, ĽݸԶ, ޱȵİʱҲ˿ֲ
ޱ, ǰ, һ˳˻Х, ܵĵ˷׷ױɨȥʿǸ³ɱһŶֵ
ɱ֮, ɽһ첽ɱ, 붫ֲʼ̱ӡ
֮û, Ϊ˧, һֱھ۳еı仯
սʼͽ˰Ȼ״̬˵ռƵģһռƣǽʿսḻ
ͬĻжֵ˧Ľݸҡֹѳɶֵʱָ̽˳ڵս
ĽݸҴͼ鳤սսһ·ǨΪĳʤ
ҲöֻʵʶҲ޸˵ʱǻӵԪΪЭԪȡ˻λ
ԪݱֲԼϻλĽݸҰĵģΪȶ׳һЩ㽫Լ̲һͳ
˭֪㲻㣬̫􏪶ȡ˻λӲдİʵˡ
׼ȷ˵ˣǴﵽԽ۷塣
̶ʱ䣬һİ̬֮һֿ֣ʼֱ֣д
ĽݸܵƿС̫
սϣ־ԽԽԣĽݸҵɫԽԽȥʧ޿ɱˡеãһǣɱ˵սС
ĽݸʮأеʲôҪȥ̣ʱһ֮С
ĽݸԳΪΪһܼԦ˵ģһǱѰûʸݵλǹ岻ܳҲ
Ľݸҹ溷£һսɨһƬʿ״׷ױá
֮һֱйעŶԷ˧ĶĽݸ˳Ͻӭȥ
ӣ֮ǹѹһȣرƹȻԡ
֮ǹ˷һľģõϺõĺ엹ľӲʸУԣۡĽݸһãֶԷӦǸһ˵ҪҪǿ
֮ȡɣֱӸԷӲӲҪԷ
Ľݸұˣ֮ҲƾУܿ㽻ϰٸغϡ
Ľݸ֪Լƺƣһ㾡ȫѸ͹ڶʱʤ
һˣӲ⼫׺ɱУȻϵ֮书ᣬãˡ
֮ҪռϷ磬Ҫ֤ԼˣԼʱĽݸҵĶͳٻϢҲȻ͸֧
֮ץס˻ᣬʼµҲ֮ƷֻüлܸسǸߣ֮˫ֱȫųȫԸˡ
֮еġһգػĽݸҵϣĽݸһһ顣ﰵҪˣϽɳţвУʱҲ·硣
֮ĹԽԽͣһߴһѰĽݸҵĽݸһػɨʱһϣʯ䣬еġȴȵ˳ȥһǹĽݸҵ
ĽݸʶһеòֶȥȻ£֪ܣǶˡ
Ľݸϲ֮սɳʬҲյĹޡ
֪Ԫʱ䲻Щ󳼸̥ûжȫһʧȥԼѹƣԪλҪˡ
ΪôһڣĽݸұ⣬һã֮Ļᣬתͷܣһһߺݣݣ
ˣ׷״˷ӿŰΧ
ĽݸұڽʿΧţһǵķȥ
֮û뵽Ľݸһߣ߶ȥ׷ĽݸսڽʿмܲӦս
ΧǶֱ谭֮ǰòСЩҲԸ򣬶ǱһĿ꣬пٳˡ
֮ųǿ񱼵ĽݸңҲû׷ټԼ棬˱Ľݸ˧죬ȻĽݸˣְˣְˣ
˧սǽʿǵĹǣֻҪڣֻʣһˣҲ˵һʧˡڣսڡ쵹ͷǿйˡ
Զֵ˧һԭûռϷĶֱһɢˣҲս׷ױͷӡ
һʱ䣬սԽһжףͷܣȥһ׷ʹ򣬳ʤ׷
Ľݸҽ֮󣬱˽Ź޷ǣȻӻȥĶֱҲͬ˳ǡ
ֱ޴ȥɱ֮еͶ֮ɢҲ֮
ʮΪĽݸӻسڣҲܴսϾôˣվڲðͷҲǼʱܿġ
ֻ˵Ľݸ̫ԼΪԶսһӮȻΪԼһ֮ʮֱһս;ʤ
յ˱ɱʮܣĴӣʮĴôûˡ
ĽݸѾ˲ЩʱѴӱų˳ǣӻҪڰ׷֮ǰȥԪӵƺԱȥ
رһ춼ĽݸѸ˵Ԫ£ðδɺӣԻƺǵΪϣغӱĽݡݣ밲ֽΡ
֮ԼµԪºĽݸҵĴ㣬սһôŴȥͬʱţ·ֱ
ʮ򰲾ǰǲģֻҪͷʰ
ȻϣϵʱԪʹųٹٴҴ뿪ȥƺӶɿˡ
֮ͣؼ׷ƺӱʱණֱں̲ϵȴɺӡ
ǻƺӿˮڣˮλߣҪɺӣǵýֻӵȹߡĴֻͷȫ˹ʱľҲǱˮнԶԶã̫ˡ
Ԫºͳ͢ٹ͹ˣµЩͨĶֽʿһ㽫ЩֽʿΧסԱƵİǹƺӣ޿ˣ޲Ŀ־
ҲЩֽʿѾ·ߣҲս⣬ֻýеͶ
λƺˮ֮ͣ׷ϵĽŲڻǶɺӵʱʮֱû壬Ҫƺϵĵȫ֮󣬲ܷȥ׷Ԫ¡
ֵתͷصɳһЩδͶĶֱ
֪ʵѾӱںϵĶֽʿҲûս⣬¶ռĳǳزûз̫๤
Ϊֱ񰲹ʿΪ˱Ϊػǵļ԰ͼˡֱǿԵģΪЧһʵۣʵ۶ˣʲôɼء
ȵϵĶ־ȫʱѾ¡ˡ
֮д􏪻㱨˵µ״ϵĶֱ壬ƺӷⶳʱɺӣʤ׷𵽳Ա
􏪷ǳ֧ΪǾѵĻᣬִԪͷıᳬʮٸԷϢĻᣬζŻи
ɺӴ̣ΨһҪǵıǺڲһսʱ⣬ԻһЩֻҪȫ׼ǿԽһѵġ
⣬ХӢµİʿٴ̤;ʦɺӣ²δͳһҵ


195 
վ, ͷǵصѩȥһƬѩָ, ƽЩѩָ⻯ˮ
ѩҹµڣϸһ߶񣬲֪ʱͣ궬þ, 붬Ժ, Ѿĳѩһһ
̾˿, ֪ΣϣҪϷһѩӡѩصϺԶʮһпĿ顣ѾˣϣҪٱۡ
ˣ, ø¯ɡϸ
Ťͷһ, , ֻͭ¯ϣֽӹ, ¯, ľָָ֪ů¯񣺡˵ĽʿǲǶ˶
µὫǣ
磺궬ô䣬ƺԱֻ䣬ԽȥԽ䣬ʿܰס𣿡
֪ݡݱĶж, С, ֻ䡣
ʮʿ, ûз, ֻ˯ڼʵ̫ˣܲܿסļϺֻս˳Ͻտ
ĵǣο뵣ǣὫȻܹܿܿˡ
¶һ˿ЦԸˣ֮ɸΪ֮Ȼǰ̫ܶˣ֮Ҳǳޡ
Ԫ¶ɺ֮󣬱ֱǡǶֵľɶԪǻ󣬾ͽǨ˶ɶһϲǿǿǰߡ
Ԫ´ǱӻǣʶԲ߾̫̫뱻ֵĳˣֵˣҪǲǨн֮Ǳ
֮յ鱨ʴƺӱ棬ֱǡɽһ֧Ķ־Լ࣬˴ҲǶֵǰߣؾֻô㣬˵ֵıʮޡ
ûѶٹ򣬱˳ɽȴǵʱԪѾˡ
֮еͷĴ̣è׽Ϸ൱£Զһսһʤʹ졣
ϣĽݸҾ͸ϺһԪµزأȺȥ˺Լ־ƽԭش̫ױ׷ϣȻӽ˽ݡ
һ·ӣ֮һ·׷ɽһ̣ûйսĴµĲʮ󲿷ֶԪ´ˣرա
һһո;أЩǳؼûʲôפʮ˳ոˡ
ѵĲǴ̣Խȥ䡣ĽʿϷȻѾй򳤰ľ飬򳤰Ҳûô࣬ʱзסġ
׷Ԫµܣʮˣзס˯һȺͬۼһȡůްޱ»Ƥëɵס̹ǵĺ˷ͷ÷ۡ
о˵ʿⲻ˷֮ܲģֻܽصĽʿڳ
􏪽ӵ飬֪֮һֱ׷Ԫ´ȫڱ״̬ʿǼ쳣֮дţʱ׷٣ոǳأŽʿڸǳפһ£սʱùһ
ҪЧũΧеսԣһոӱݵĿأƵԪ޴ӡͺñȺ㣬ˮŸˣ©ܻ֮ḡˮ档
ѵıǲˣȺһⶳͲôˣҪץʱ佫˹ȥ
սսʱϵٳһЩЧҲóˣʿǿԸ㡣Լ֣ʳҲǽԱ̵ģѧðɡ
֮ӵ􏪿ӱţϸ˼һеôȥ˻ûԼȱĵòˡ
ȫҪ£ȽֱѾ˳ĵȫոˡո֮һһŻ֡
ܿ죬֮ټλҪ飬ֳּ֧·ȥոءÿ֧鶼ˣ϶ֵȫҲܹȵһ֧֧Ԯ
һ٣׶ˡסеĿջվۡðռҵķӣ¾ԺҲùĽҰĻϯط˷񴵵顣
ɽ뼪ʶȥ弽ݡݵĶֱ
֧֮ϴĶֱͦӲͬķλݾڵĶֲбʵ
֮ʱϵԪ´ʱڽ಻İٶоձɵִ
֮ûֱȥԹűǱҳ֮أθӣϤ̷ǳô
Ϣɽ뼪ǴӲͬλԪΧһ֮
ֻΧţȲȥתůٽΧˡ̶ֻʱ䣬Ķܿһ֧
֮ʱڽפһһٵΣΪԺݴ
صĺ˱ƵĺȨͳ֮ãģԭͳεļ䡣
ЩȨƳԭĻúˣǱˣеȨѹˣǱֻܼβˣҵĴͳǲĻں˵ѪҺУԶġ
Щ􏪰ŵ͸Ҳʹ˶ָأĺ˶֪İӢѸ
ŰܹմǴ½ųһˡ
񰲾ڵˣҾϮŰգǸɻ·ţˮΪӵ־ֱ֮ľܲϲӭء
԰ÿһǳפܵذյ黶ӭջԺӡ䡢סΪʵڲĿںܺ䡣
􏪵֪½˿һݸϽǰߡ
УԪҲѾˣΪڼǹǰս£Ԫûôףƽƽ͹ˡ
뵽ϰֵܽ£ͷ궫֣ԭһͳʱкöʱһꡣ
Ԫȴеס羪֮񣬻̻̲գòֻܽϣȫѹĸĽݸϡ
Ԫ¶ĽݸҵǼ临ӵģеĽݸҵĳ嶯ܣ͸һսʤ˶ֵʹֻһζӱܣһֻɥȮ
ֲ뿪ĽݸңΪԼһˣĽݸˣôҲˡ
ԪڽۡУľȻź״ϼͷѪĴ󳼣ûһ˿·Ǹäˡ
£㿴أǨǲǨĽݸսȺ˫˭û˵˭
Ԫ⻰һ֣˵ޱģ˵İɡ
Ľݸ˵Ǳ㲻Ǩʱֻ׼ʿǡ
ԪסˣŸûĽݸ뼸۵ʲôû뵽ȻȻһЩͼǴûϹսȫûһƵƬ̣Ԫ̾Ϣȥ
Ľݸ˵赣ģֻ¥һվܹʿ
Ԫ¿ЦѾˣ밲ȣڼʯͷȡʤļʼ΢ã뿪һ˲ʶһ⣬ѾһͿأԤϵĽֶ֣ˣԼܹսɳأ


196 
罫, һ֦ϸϸɫ֦ϵĶҶҵѿ, ѴƺӣıѩҲʼ˰ɡ
ůҲˣһм䶨
ŲûлͷǽŲֿᣬ룬ǰƽСӡ
Ȼ, ƽ, ڣе˻ƣѼɤ, ô˵ĺӣǰôˣֻǰһ˵ͣ
תͷȥ, ŸͷѿԼĶӣϾοЦݣժһ
ƽڷڣ, ȥӤ, , ǸӢ꣬, üĿ, ΪӢһЩ
֦һһ, ױƵĸ􏪿òÿǹǽĹֿɬѳԣ;Ǵ쿪ˡȥ
Цͷһҵ֦޽һ£˵ܺóˡ
˵Ͳп˭ǵǸũѧʿءҵǺˣÿһ궼µӽ֣ĶѾͻİٽ
ûлɱǶˡҲ㹻ˣܹŲǧˣôңֵ㶼ˡ
ƽķһۣ˵ӦþͲ˰ɡ
΢΢һ㶣԰ڳء˵׼иóԵء
ƽ΢Ц˵û
Ӷߣƽ˵鿼Уո󣬸ոˣǰнݱ𣿡
ҡͷûСӦδϷ䣬ʱزŸոսⶳһЩʱաλشģ
ƽ˵ң˵뽭ȫȻ죬ͬȻˡɺˮǱ󡣱ƽ̹Ҳɷ󣬽ʱսԸ㡣
¶οЦݣ˵õˣѷǳˡ
ƽҲֻһŵ뷨ǲҶԱ˽ޣǳңֽϵվǳ֪ҪԺᵽȥˣʵؿ֤󣬷иķ
˵ûһҪӵصʵܸһеĶӵļ磬ףѣϣƽܹ佾̤꣬ʵأá
סˡ
ڰ󣬿ƽؽһãϸĵĨƿˮڷڰͷòʣʲôʱǨʦһǨ𣿡
˵˳ʦҲ·ˡʰһ£ôҲõߡ
ƽ¶һ˿ЦݣǱ㻹аʱ䡣
ԡƽǲңע⵽˶ϵı顣
ƽæҡͷûУҲڴҡǴ󺺹ʶǴҲһǿʢǿʢ
⻰⣺־ٺòǸһŬ󰲽ΪһΰǿʢĹң̫ƽʢ
ƽ۾ͷţŬġ
􏪻һתڽҵס˺Щ꣬һҪ룬ҲЩءûв᣿˵бӡ
ƽף˼ЦһЦЩᡣ
Ӽڽҵסʮ꣬⼸¾ͺúøͬദ𡣡˵
ƽȻ䣺һġ
˵ԺؽҵĻǲ࣬Щѿȥлġ
ƽ̾ϢǲһŰҡ
Цеǿμѡοԡ
ƽѿڶǹá˵Ȼֹʱˣ䶼Щ졣
бŶӣССͣǵĹˣԼǿ
һת̽˵ˣƽҲʮˣҲɼҵˣǵĹΪ㶨һΣ
ƽʱ䶼ˣҪȡЦһСء
􏪵ͷС˵㣬ҲھͳװûǵĹǾˣպ˳ɣضҪһλòѡ־ȤͶ֪ŮӲС
ƽˣ˰죬С˵ǽҳףԶϱʲôҪ𣿡
ЦҪ˵ȱضϲģαǹƷѲС
ԼûҪ󣿡
üһڴŷҵ¢ϣԼһҪģ׼Ҳ鷸ƣĵߡ
ƽЦлл
􏪶ƽǵĹƸ
ƽ֣ûУûУ
􏪲Ӧǲ˼˵ҳŮƽȣ⼸˵ŮԽԽࡣҲδزȥϣƽȢŮеʶвŻǸŮӡ
͢ŮƽȣŮѧˣ߳󣬲ΪŮ԰Ÿλ
ŮӿҲúԽԽŮԴӹнųѧˡӡд¡ȡ
Щ߳󣬲뵽ŻŮӣΪŮӡ
Ůӵĳ֣·һɴ磬ƽĺ棬˷ǳķ졣
ԽԽŮʶԭ£ŮһȥһֱլԺеŮ˵ǶôջԽԽŮԶʼΪԼȡɡ
Ȼκﶼһģ˹ȻС
ŮԵ֮ĺдڳ˵
ȻȫȺĽ飬ΪǨŭԷҲΪԼϲ˱죬ϵķΧһֱǰݿŵģٹǶ뷨˵ڲɲɣǾ􏪵ˡ
ؾɷԽŮԣΪŮ߳ȫΥŮӡĵ¡񷨣ҸٳԹžŮڣܼͣҺˣŮ߳ţ¡
􏪶˵뷭ۣҲֻ㡣νļҺͣ޷ǾŮίȫΪΪͥĬĬףȴȫɱŮԴֵĿܡ
ŮһḶ́ٵüȥƽȢŮһҪǸŮӣһʺͷʾ˵Ҫȶ෢ʥּá
³􏪽ӵս֮ڿʼҸѾ˳ݣƺ뺣ڿƷΧƺӺѾⶳֻͨˡ
Ǹ޴ĺϢƺӽⶳ֮󣬲ʳأ􏪻ĺڲϣҲˡ
ڿԽʳֱӴӺ˵ƺ뺣ڣϣ͵ʿСݾģ˵ٴ½ȥֱĿĵأֱ͹ƺӡ
ѮյһӼĽݱȫʤֻʵԪĽݸ֮ٴν֣Ľݸսһ̣׹ˣܡ


197 ͳһ
־ɾ, ǱɱǱץһɶ־ΧȦԱ, ʧ˹ĮĲԭ֮ϣֻӴֲܵоһ
֮ûɱȥ׷ԱȻĵ̣ȥ, Ϊ棬ٲҪȻͻվڰĽǶ, ͲǶ, ǣ, ûоԸˡ
􏪿ݱϲʤ, ޲õѸȫ, ٹͬ졣ôף
һͳ, ǨճˡǨϢȥҪԱʼ׼ˡдҳ, Ҵҵ, ˿ڶ, Ҫ׼ܳʱ䣬ǰ֪ͨǷǳбҪġ
³壬ڡ, 􏪲û˯, ΢ˣᡢ, ʢװ, ˹, ٹ٣ֱŶȥ
ҹ˵֮Ҫִﾩǡ˷ܵƣȥ֪ͨٹٴһӭӹһҹշת࣬ûôϹۡ
³δȣ峿ʮˬֵСųέҶ밬ؽֽƯŲľԼӵζ
􏪴Ӵڳ⿴ţʮ񾲸״̬뵽ӽĳǻĴÿĳֻ̬Աů⣬Ҳ뵣սĿ־вͳ˳ɾ͸С
˳ţĿ֮ǱҰ絾ѾިԤʾһηա
ãʲô뵽һܼ֮Ǿֹס
죬ˮţبŲ䣬ǨǽǣԼ͵ʷ
û뵽һ죬ԼҲΪʷĵߣϣһҳǹģԻ͵ģԶĽ棬
ûдֻżмֻˮɹѸˮУһβС㣬ɿطɵߵϣʼǵζż̧СԴһ۰߾ۼȺ
˳ڰƽһԣƽٳǣԿһжܺ棬ߴߴʸͣŬЩľ􏪱ĵظ⣬רҵ֪ʶ㹻̶ӡ
ƽһùŲɣصɣ˵ȥժһѻ͵ǰɣأˣӦˡ
􏪿ɣأȻѾˣ컹ԶأЦҲҪԵ㡣
ƽһŵȻޡһ˳˿ϣ˵ᣡ
􏪹Ц·˲ժĵˣҲͬĵѽ
ѵǣˡƽ˿ɣأ˰ɣеϧ԰ɣʵ̫ˣӽˮУ԰ɡ
Ū֮ʱɽճ˵ǰܸϵֻڽߵš
̫԰û٣ɿڶɽô̱һȥҪӰգͨС
ȵģ˱ڽߵŵȴ֦˼׵ͣڽ߿ʼϺзû㹳ֻѧ̫㡪ԸϹ
ƽ²Сʱ԰еϺЩ深أҪѧŴȡԼʱ䣬Ȱ׻Ǹӣﻹǰģһлᣬʵ뷨زס
ʣƽ𣿡
ƽЦ档
бƽʱôˣ
ƽ˵ôôæҵúúѧϰûѧãԺûһûʵۡ
ô룬ܸˡЦúοζ˵ʵѧ沢ͻ̰֮ԣƴѹֲͷţܻɴ鷳²裬ʵвŶĸΪˣѧøá
ƽһ˵˵Ժÿ찲ŰʱС
εؿŶӣôһӣλӽ̵ģŤͷһԵ˵ƣƽ̵ģ
θˣôܣ㿴ˣ
һҲԣ˹ʱ治ˡ
ǿ飬ƽһһۣر𽲾أڴߴԼء
ͷҲ֪֮ĹϵӲ֮£֮ڵʱûᡣ
ƽ˵˽ңԼøôѾСˣ˿ֵˡ
̧Դһѣ˭˵˾ͲˣҲſվ͵
ƽСֹûŵ͵ʱæҹδϨơ
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