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1 
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ҫͷ󷽣жױӵҷ˴Եʣƽ䡣
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ؿ־飬־δ֪Ķҹ类ȥ˲֪ʲôطʱһţʶˡ
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񲼰Ķ׷׵䣬ɫǱε׹塢ɫ٤ľɫǵ亣ĻͷؼûĸŹ߾ֽ
Ľæأ
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ĸĸѡҡŹļ򣬿޺
ĸѾˣָҲӲˣزĵȥ̽˱ϢԶ
Ŀ־Ѿòֵһᣬطĸʧȥµϣ޵ҹųɻ֮󣬸ܿڸҵķϣĸĽǴ˿̣жӰ
֮գʹˣĸˣʲ֪٣ĺɫѪɫһж췭ظ
زסʱɳڵǰ͵ִݣ
湬ʲô£ΪʲôԾ
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Ҫ˵ߺȻ̵һҽУһ鱦ٴصĶ
һ׺ݴֱ˻͵˲١ҽȥûʲôö¡
ɳһʱסص죬ԺӣﻹץĸѾ͸֣϶׹Ҳű϶
ɳ˻һֻʹ⿪Ű׹ָ棬ĸֲԸ뿪ɳ̫ˣĻڣӲذ⿪ָɷ˵Ժ
ɳץ֣һ·ײײܣѾ䵹ǿԼҪͷ
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ɳĿ־壬Ļҷ˵ģа취
زԸɳˣҲᣬص˵ͷ
Ҹߡ
ɳأСıܿɱӵѾòײλڻʹһǵ̨˴Ϊҹأûн鱦ҲûоɫˣͬѪǵĵطԣ̨еһƬһԴ徲š
峺ˮ̨ʣʪϮزɴ˸¡Եɳ벻ͨô뿪ʹ
ɳһ̨̲ͣ¸ؽϵķװزԣĴߴԺػ˹Ůװ
ɳϴº¸תһȦذһľشʱҲ˲ʲôˣæǰæ
˽һԵ˳ѿ¸󣬷ŵ̨µߡ
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أؼæʡ
ģū澺͹һߡ
ɳץıԵȲȽãֽͷľнҪš
ĿռСֻһϥŬֽţճһ˵Ŀռ䡣
ڴʱͷȻ
ɳšػûعŵ
ɳʲôػˡ
˵
һ㶡
ɳһֱĹԵø侲ӱİ侲ݵһŮġ
侲˻ʹ취ͶĶ֤õģƽȥšûУպκ֪ݡţһҪס˸ӣ˭š
أ
ܲôɳ˵֮·ֻйԼˡ
ɳƴȥƳţĽ죬ҡΣӹ©һ߹ҲҡΡģôſǻɳһߣһߡһأ㲻ԣô֪أɳɳһˡ
ͷһ߹ɳؿָŷм䣬ǡõס۾ϵƹ⡣
ɳ˵ūһһֱ㣬㵽Ҳܸ㡣ҲյĽ֣ҵĳͷ
ؿ˵Ŵ򿪣
һҪΪá
ɳ㿪šҳȥ
ûͬʱظеһƣȫˮԶѾֱҵԽˣ
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ŷ©µһ˿Ҳûˣ˰ӣˮǹӵĽŲͺڵҧסȭͷʶ»غգ˵ĻڱˮʪĴʹͬбQȣʵ΢
֪˶ã֮ںڰŴͷľУս˳ķơ
ļʪĿŷˮʪصЬΨһֻǰøС˫ֽ汧סĸǰĴԼ˫硣
¡
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ҡҡλΣƮδ֪ǰ
лҪ˵ʳ֪
1.סĻȫܿա
2.ɳŮǱѹֵС׻Щݡ
3.ޣв֮ƥһֱŬɳ
4.ƥÿ鶼ש⣬ᳫкõĽһȡ
5.vո3000ƥڵʱ
6.ƥڵƥ仯
7.Ե֣ôôա


2 
ʱһֱʣʼûӡ
һֱڰضûʱʼû֮һֱǹڼ嶯û
ϵʹϵʹлټˮδںڰлʱԽԽࡣ
ÿҪʧȥʶһ̣رڻҧһڡ
Ŀռխƣ˫һʼҲˡ
Ϊתעϵʹ࣬ŵʱ˼
˼ĸǰû˼һǷɥʵһã˼ʺ̫ӱ·˭˳Ӧ
ҲһҲҲܣһû
ؿʪĳϣԺ룺̫ˣһġ
ʮƶԼҪˣֻ̾Ϣһ̫ˣʹ顣
˵ϲɵװʲô滻ˣһ̫ӡ
˵̫ӲʲôɽƬֻͶ˸̥ǸʵĽᷢӣ÷껪ȻŵԪ
ĸδĽǰѾȥԪµ̫Ӷ΢ʣ̫ӵĹϵǢĸʧƺ󣬷̫ӶŴԮ֡
زɷϣ̫ӵĲŻûֵǳɫҲкôϲֵԸȱ㡣ӲһҲȡ֣ˮͤʱܻһ¹ۿ˳Բõġ
һֱǵãʮգ̫Ӽ˴Žɫȹһ䣬üᣬôܴЩɫ
գ̫ϲɫתվ͸һ׼Ưĵӻȹ˳شһΣȴǡĸ㡣
׺ϢʧĵӻȹҲǸȹϱĿ⡣
ԺҲûд޵ˡ¡
Ǽ£Ҳֻ˰첻ȾѪۺͳϵںڡ
ʶģߵˮԶȥˡط·ֻصǸգ԰˽ƻ̫ͤ䣬ϲʲôɫ̫ӵչҡΣȻ˸㣬湫̧һöӣЦΪǰڤ˼롣
һʱ䣬ǰֱĸһ̻ڻУһָжܰȹ̵ϲ
ĸ֮ǸʣҲ飬ϥϣָϵԲ˵ҲһСӣû޵Сӿɰ
һһ빬˲ϱ仯Ҳϸ֮ȴ绹Ҫݡ
ϥͷСӣҲڵһŭлҽ
ΰѼ䣬ֹ
ʶĺڰʱһԤ׵ս

ɽľһļСϪ졣Ϫһ񱻸ͷбľʯβһˣұߵоų߶ߣһ˫ȰĴţְԲ⣬ƫƫô۾Բһһ۵ھʯ֮ϣԳһƬ̬֮
мΪݣҲΪţֱ۸Ŷͷۣ¶һ°͡
ߵ޳κ̬Ϊ˲ָһĶңֻƼԺһŨī
öܡΪӴĺ˵
ܲмǸ
ˣҵĶӡĶƤ졣
ҺȻϡ˵ȥ𰡣Ҳ֪ũǽʲôֺ𡭡
ˣ硣˵
ǡ磬Ҷˡһ顣ҵµ˵
ӹԹظһΣ磬Ҷˡ
µڲͣҲ֪ĸصĶȻһѳĹӡӴӾʯС˫ֲãӰеֻһѹӡ
ʡŵ㣬ûˡµ˵
ӹȻʡŵ㣬ĿӺȳԹʣٽƤ
һ߳ԣһãȻؿˮӿСϪΡ
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ﶼˣ̵Ķ̵òˡ
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ɡ
ӳü갡Ҫ
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ƭҡ˵
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ӹȻˡʣµĹһԺӴ˾ʯȽϪˮһ˫۾۾
磬Ҳû̵ʲôŶغصЩˡ
òȷˣֻϧҰߡյ⼸ˣֻʣһƤڹͷϣԵüԳƣ⿴İãһ𿴣һëȻĹ졣
̶ˣ̲Ҳµ˵ǾͲˡ
ҺͶ˵ˣϴεЩ
һ㣬һ˫ȵĺƳȳָͷ

Це˵µĹ۸ء
ȥڵ˵Ҳе׬ȥϣ㷭һ⡣
Ѿõˣǲϵط
ȹ죬ȥͨˡ϶·ˣȥͨݹüµġ˵ҳǮ
лл磡Цϴθҵġ
ˣˣˣӺȻ̵ˣ
Ťͷȥſ˫ȶϪ˫ִ󿪣һغɫˮߡ
ǹӣˡ˵
ˣˣˣ¶ɫ磬ˣŮˣģ
ұȫˣһֱû¶ݵ˴Ӿʯ¶һɹСɫüںڣ͸ʵıͷڲ¶糯֮ԡ
һۣ¾ʯԾ֦ͷıӣһߡ
ӽϰһȴνСˡŷһۣͷٿˣɫȻˡ
ˡ˵
Ӹ˵ɣˣ˵ˣ
˶ָáûд
ˣ˵
ûӼոջ˵أ
ڶУֻʵ̫ˣ˾ţ֮ŴɤＷ˿

һ߾Ƭ̡
ǸŮˡ˵
־Ѿ˼ޣȫԣСʹһһǰڣȥʣŷ⺰ҡ
Ѿȫ͸ȳһ΢
ûһᣬһǰδֹˣ𶯡
ػûüشһ죬Ľһ䵽ϣţľű򿪣ĿȻͶزɱۡ
öû
ۡ涵ҰУһ˶ǰһؿòĿһĻ棬رܿߡ
Իˣһߵˣˣһ׽ʲôһߵԲ۾һˣʲôҰ޿һڣֻʣͮͮһƤͰݵӣȫضеĽ
þˣ¶ľˣò״Ǹ˷סҪ㵹塣
ҡ
̫Сǰû壬ԱߵҲû塣
ۼ˵߶еԼϣԽԽ̣꾭ܵĽ죬ϵǿʹȴҲҪڣ
Ҫ¡
лҪ˵һƪĵľ飬ǰСtipsһ¿Ĺпܻеɻ
1.峯֮ǰūͨԳū澣Ůū峯عֻͨлãòĳƺ̻ˣӸλ̲̫ܽ࣬Ҳһ˵̫ƣһЩм˵裬ʱڲһӦòôϸ
2.ʵʷǳ֮޵˼ʵʷͨԳƺʵʵãС˵ﳣԳƣʷ̫ҲԳƱΪһ֮
3.ݵŮӼ˲мޣг½
4.ʴӹУһƵС⡱Ŀá͡ȵȣٱ磬δͥʫ衰νһҿ顱ġ˵ʦ飬μ幫űͽġսʿʹܿ飬Ӧսϡ
5.ŮĹҹ࣬ĹķԽԽ
ڿܼ¡


3 
ΪƼĥѣЩһ˸飬˴ȳĥѺͿôҲýˣû뵽⾹Ȼֻǿʼ
һʼضܾҰⷽԼҵ˳ммÿ죬ȥҲ죬νĵطмɢС롣
⡭ǸµĵطزԸǰʵʡ
һ©éͤӣһҡҡ׹ĸľţûʹĶܵȫŻûѾͣ½Ų
㿴Էĵط˺֮ͬģ·ʶźǸôµĵطؾܾһҡҡ׹ľš
éӺԤ׳һۣͻɢӿߡ
Ǳȵĵط
˱ǶζΧƿӶĲӬ䶯С棬ڿӶϵ鷢ڵľ壬пӱ߲ԴˮӵһƳĶּ˫ȷ겻塣
ʺǽϹš˵
ɡʺӣ
һͳ֣ؾһ̾Ҫιȥˡ
˵ƨɵġ
زǵԼô߽éͤӵˣҲǵԼô⿪ȹģֻǵã߳éͤӵʱһ֣Զ˲ͤߵģֻ޷ʾ˵Ĵʹˮ
˾վéͤԶĵطСݼªĨౡǽƺȵˣŽµʯӡ
ǰһĶڽڼϣûСϵѹȣ˼ʲôһȴΪԾ
ͷĲ澹Ķ
صĽŲ̧ͷһüëֺŨܣѹѹĽëһ˫ͨ˸ֱ񣬶˭һգգһۣʲôҰ޶һ
رҰʮһһ˿ϤҲɢҰްҲġοǰδܼøʺӵˡ
껹éͤ
س˹ȥ֪𰸣̲סһ˿ϣʣ
оֵ趹𣿡
ϣ˾Ȼ˵Сš
趹̧ƺѬȾéͤζ֣СǰȥܿƽСݵǰ

ΧСԺдƬɫݵڴ׳Ĺ£ϸع۲
˸ĺֽŶߣֱضŪ
ܡǮʡ
ͷҲ̧ܲǮ
ƭˣ˵ǮܶǮŭĿ
ǮܲǮԼûܹƭˡ
֪˵ɶί
ֲĻ׳棬Լðѻ˵վýż֧šӣֵ
ǰûôݳ޵ĹӣﵽõĶǽ˿ľ߻ףǹáһѾǱعơ
ֻϧͷˣȻ۸Ҫߡ
һģţһģӣҳԣԣԡϲɫʮָȥϲɫ𽥱ɿҳԶð
ûݺС˹ȥ
磡
ʹӺ˳ֱڷ䵹
磬ʲôأż
㿴ҵ趹𣿡ͷҲ̧˵
趹粻ǲЩ𣿡
á
ˣɻαô鷳䲻ͺˣ
˵Ҳûá
ǿŮˣ
ҵѹ׵趹ˣǻǰ⣬Ҳ֪ȥˣܲá
ֽ趹ŵǰţûŵζ
磬˵Ļ𣿡˵
ˡվԽȥûӰ£롣
ʹ󲽻صСݱŮ˻վԭصС̧˫֣մʲôණƵģְװۣͷ¼ֱҪʲôۼ
ó趹ϲĿڴֽĶ
ʲôʡ
趹
˵ʧĿλε˵šҲ趹
趹һľͰˮʱվŹ۲ģʵ֮ǰ۲ѾˡճʱĲֻ޴룻éʱֱ￹ܵȫλƵĻγéޣɫ׵úһ̾Ҫ£ȴ˼Ҫ趹ڣ˭ˮֵʹ顣
Ҳ̫öˡ
ͺǣôڹֳ͢˵ĵطڵġ
ҽ͡˵ʲô
ںǲ֪ʲôĥɵķĩء
Ĺû֪Ҳֹһңǰ˲δɡ
Ǵӻʹģ
غҵ˵ͷ
ôڹ
ҡһ㡭ػѻͷʣµĻѻˮȻӿ˳һڹеѾʹ󣬽Ϊӳȥڹƽһͨİӡ
ϴϻĸо˼ҪɾֽˣֱĿӲֱӵĿ⡣
ӡ֪ôˣ
ͲʣҪˮ𣿡
ỹãһᣬؾɤ۶Ҫð
лӡ˴ξ֮ұصǣҡ
ػû˵ͱ͸ˡ
йӡüͷֱϴһѡӵļƤˡ
һںԸߡ
Ͼ˴֮ˣ
ͷԳӡǰԳӣǰӴˣ˭Ƕ㲻ݣҲҪŮˣδŮݡ˭һСԳӣ
ֻлĵƦåŻ
̶Ƭ̣ӡ͵˹ȵס
ؼЦγƺźã
ǽеġ˵ֱӽ֡
ǵЦڳ
ã͡
ļʹҲȷʵŵˡͻصǰãֺһѾˡ߽ݣͽԵȡ
صתָĨ˰ѻ˵ĳʡ˵ǳҲ̧ˣľͷɵƼӡ
ãľͷɫ沢ࡣԲģµʱ򣬴嶼˳⣬ֻһ㣬ڵϣи֧ŵĵط
뿪ûһᣬһˡ
裬ش裬էһص
شؿεˮտڲԣװ򶨡˾Ȼˮͣһãʲô֪Ǹˮõġ
ʱһܻţҪ򶨣ͻ趹ΪһҪΪЦ
ص򶨣ͽƵǰʱˡ
˵Ȱ
ػӲˡʱҲʲôжӵĹˣתɬӣ͵ؿǰˡ
ҡȣ
ǰֱ׳㲻𣿡
ʣȻʡֿʷ
غǰĴãӵ֣̽ŷס˴ߣսľذ˹ȥ
˿ӣԶԱˮʱһ۾
ʮĿͷϡϣһĻ棬յʹ¶Ҳɿ
һˮغ֮һҲȲȥˣ´裬éͤʧȥİֻص
ֽ֪ƻûڹĲŽɾˮʱرСģֻһ촽Ϳɴɾ촽ʱͻŭԽǸˡ
κ£òͷѹ²죬ʣ֪ͣ
µطϢͨ˵ʲôĶС˵
һ㶣µط
ǽͷءƮƮ˵һضԼذϢ뾩а֮Զ㲻֪𣿡


4 
һ׷ʣ֪ʲô
һ죬֪͵һͷصĵط;׸ŰﲻֹϢֻ֪ˣһŲ֪
شںڵ÷ķǰ֪Լʲô
ƻ·ţʲôãѾ˾ܣóƣǾѰ·
ɳ̫ӻ𣿸ʻĸʬΰˣ
Ժ֨ѽһˣ߸ӺͰȱ˽æͷȥ
ŲԽԽͣڶ棬˶ʣܴ
һ˵զ
þͲҸطȥˡҲܲȥأ
װû˵ĻҲû⣬תʵɶ
۽ɿƳһۡСɽԲ۾һʼסˡ
ء
ӺǺЦϵ⼷һѣȴ׺ݣɵġ
ΪɵЦ΢½ʱ˵
Թ¡ˣ˼ôȡϯ
أϯ˵ұأ֪׺У˸ӵ̡Ҹѹסһ֣أ顣
ɵЦ
ڹ͢󣬱ǽǶ䳰ȷҲûɵġ
ͷȴ˿ߣЦ˵㼸ˣ
俴һߣտڲԡ
Թ¡ˡٽ㳤ÿǹ𣿡
һѿڶǣ
ʣˮģˮ𣿡
¿ɵ
Ť˵ˣӵ϶ָͣͷĶĳеӣ
ʲô֣˵
硣
ʲô֡
簡磬ҪҶ硣ЦҪĵܡ
һŲͶһڵĶ˽кӵϸõĺҶü˫ľ磬һֻŵĸ롣
ʳζ˲ӯݡ
ʲôͰѴŵϣصֱߡ
ؿ۴ӣԥѾϲصؿˣڽĵ˵
زǵֵܡ˵
ǣһ⣺ΪɶһԷ
һ죬ּҪ뿪
ͽһ־Ͱ˻ȥ
˵ŻֻеƦåŻ˵̨ʣ
ߣǲӣ
ҡضҪˡ
תͷɵ۵ٺ˵˵ҾͰҵϵ졣
ǰɵǰèĺһͼӰˡ
ҡҴˡ򡭡ϯɪ
ģػ˵ʲôһɵӼƽϣδ̫ʧȡ
û
ɵǺһЦʹ˽ҹ
Ͱľʱư͵ؽ
׻˵úãһٲԶûţûˣҪٲԵʲô߳ԺӵҲûС
ǳԷǰһҪ
оֵˮ𣿡ʡ
˶˸ôϡҪ
š
ȥ
ͣľȴصĿ󣬻ѺõЦЦɵ򲻵ͻ߸˵زǴֽ
Ҷڵø߸ߵһ˵ģһʮһһȥı˰
ؿĿࡣ
ʹʱһưˮû趹Ҳ˼ҪԺ㵹ˮϸϸذϴ˼顣
ʣǵ㣬˳Ҳϴ˸֡ϴһصݡ
Цݣ˵Ǵӹģ֪ǰʲôط
Ѿи壬Ѵ֮𵽣
΢
΢ʲôط
ԽӵĹ˵ԭǹߵŮ֮һ
ԭǹŮ꾪ֲ̾ùվһյ͵أ
ˣ˵
Ҳֻòȣ̱µ顣òҢ˴Ҫεǳˮʥֵܹ
ֽ࣬âڱпԡ
ˡһȴֱӵݸءôˣʶûУ
˵ҺͶ綼֪ˣֻŻ֪Ƕ˵֡
ȸһñָָ꣬ȻָͷԵĴӣе
ıҪˣȸ͵ȴɫƽ
ϣؼЦݡ
ա˵ȸ
ֵܣ
ǡ˵
û˵Ҳ׷ʡֹǹ֣ûԼϣ˶⣬ʲô
ľ磬ƯڴĲʡ
ⷢ׵ɫ΢ζ衣ͬ˾û˼ɣӶȥӡ
ûзʳùûùľ綼졭θһڡ
԰ͣ硣
ֻľ磬СؼԼһҰɫ⡣
ţ⣬ʵأַ⡣ؼлٳľȻ͵ľûȻûиӡ
زʧӲͷƤⲻ֪ʲôĶŽ̽ҧһڡ
ģģй˵ζ񻹿ԡ
ط½ģܿȥ˵ڶΡΡ
ĶйħէһýǳԵ˵־еԣζĿڸУܵɵԹҲͣ
ԵֱطٶȣһϸʣһԼ·
ס϶ܡҪ͸ʻ̫ӽͷСͶ㡪һ·ػδ׾ͱָָ㡣
ȻûǮһԽ鱦
˾ǵлһԽ鱦ǳɻʱģͽӶõļƷǮعһ·ãֻҪʡһЩСһЩһˣҲܺͻһϡ
ġ⡱Ѳ֪⣬Լʢһһһ˺ӽһպһͽ
ؿԵȻ죬Ҳͽľ׵ݸʱһζʢ
Ⱥģһȥ嶼ů
һߺڵһ߳պİĽů̹㡣
ǰûԹʲôģʡ
ͷ룬̧ͷˮ
ˮʲô
ȸȻڣġΡСеԻ
ɫ䣬ȥġ⡱մİ͵طӿ
һתͷһء
ˡ
һ˶ûǸɵӡ
ô
ץסֱۣһ̣ϡ
ڻǣһڸضԼȥѻ⣬ֻʣ˼¸ͣ
˵ʲôҲһǡġΡСеԻ
ˡ
Ť󣬽ʣΨһͷ


5 
ʱͷֻʣͣһѻССԺ
ڹ£ϼĴһƬҶͣȸϣһ˵ۣƨһ
۸ͣ
ȸߵ£ժһƬҶŵһ鶯ҶƬϷ
һ˴ÿģ˶ԱȣС
˹ҶݺݲԲԲȭͷͳȥ
һˣĲ㡣ȸ˵
ɲסȭͷҲǣҲǣǺһ⡣
㡪Ϊʲô۸磿ȸ
ҪҲȥ￴ˡ
ҲȥŤͷ£һƣƫһ͸ˮȴܲ
ȸΪ⣬еĹҶ
һˮʲôѽ֪ȥĶ𣿡
̧ͷһ棺ȥĶˣ
ȥˡ
ˣˣǸÿ򡣡
ҲֻȥɽץҩԼˮȣЩգ羹Ȼȥˡȸѹ˵֪˵ʲô𣿡
˵ɶ
˵ֵǮȸ϶ұΪδɩӣɴ˵ǡȻɩӣǾֻǻˡӲ⡣
ֵǮ𣿡۷Ź⣺ֵ٣
׵ļԺȥɫôҲֵǧӡ
ǧҳԣԡֿʼָͷ
úúչҪûˣûˡȸ˵¶Ҳ֪ܽˣҲûˡ
ɵЦãáһչ˺
ͺһߵӰѾԺ⣬ȸæӭӡ
磬ϸ硪
ڣطǽ
ֻڸҪһˮˣȴôµĻ
ʧػصϣЩˤһӣòײͽǰǴİζޱǵϡ
˵֮εˡ
ؽ۾Ŭƽٵ
ǰ֡Ȼûзһ˿ڵôֱ
٣ȷֵͷ̽̽Ƥ˵ݣӶҹ۴֢
˵˻˵
ȣҿҩͺˡ
Уҩ˵β㡣
ⷽӣһд㣬÷ӵʱһҩߡ
Һһȥ
͸ƴ߳ݺƴԺͣ˽Ų
ﲻˣʲôϵ
ʶѡԼ
ɲǿŮ⡪
ͲˣŨüšһѣ𣿡
ǰǰ绹˺öˮأǻҵķݶˣ
졣һ۵ȥίίضˡ
ڸҵúܣģͨ˼óġҶ£ϷҲǿ㳤ģⶼΪá
֪ˣ֪ˡ˵Ȼǿҳģ㻹˼𣿡
ƴŰ˵һһ룬˵ǲ׵ģ׵ģҲҪˡ
һƿϵľš
˳ҩƽûʲôעĵط
Ǻõģ˴˾δˮײŻҪϢˡƴ˵ôȻǿŮ˼ϱ
ͷôϻ
㼱ʲôϷҲǹˡҪʲôģҡ
ȸվǰԶ˱Ӱ֣ϸߡģң
˵ıӰȸ˸Ƿ߻Ժӡ
ȥϸéޣ㿴ݡ
ˣͷҲ̧ſֻϴܡ
ȸһСȥԺûã˼ԣһ

ŤԲԴһᣬڷԻ谵ݡֻȻϣߵſڣ̽һͷ
ذڴϣɫ԰ס
õȵˮ𣿡
˵Թ¡ˡҪͦࡣаɣаɣķϡ
ת뿪ԭڴһϢܵűߣӴ˳ܳݡ
źȸδĳӡذͷԺгɳĵϣϣܾʹ֪㣬׷
ѡߵķȴֺͣһ·ߵ÷ɿ죬˲ûͷ
ϦѾȥһɫӰɫԽԽǻšСȥԶطǻǵطҲڻʹǽӶһˣڡⶼʲôط
ŵĴߺȣͭࣻŵ͵ŵţҾͿ춥ͷ߸Ĵ̯ϰ¨һּۻۡ
ũƤͷţڽϣһֻٻɫķèſʯ̨ӣë׵βͻȥƮŴζݵĲ֭ζȺۼĺζһ˵ĳζ
ؿǰİ磬תͷײһ˫޹⣬ۣͭŵõڵأֻӬë̴̵ͷ­ܾߡ
ϰ﷢ˬʵЦΧ˵߲Լͬ˹
شľϵĺԴѪҺˡ
Сһγѽ
ϰƹ̯λҪǰһվתˡ
ף⡭
ͷҲء
һܵٵĵطһߴһֹס¡ǰһæ˼վһѾŵĵǰŽյĵţ˲ᡣ
˫ʧȥâ۾Ŀ
ʹеĲҾȻĴͲĹ˽ǰ޷޷ǡ
ˣڵǰ壬һĬšޡ
֪˶ٱ飬ֹסˣ´ԼĻȻŵһɹŹֵζ
ѭζȥԼЬŵţ̧һţĵ顣
ţʺմЬ¡
ٴο޳ɸ˶


6 
Ҳ֪˶ã裬һ˫˭Ҳ֪ʹ޹۾˭Ҳ֪Ľţʺʧڽͷ
Ѱҵʱһ̸ע⡣
ǵ˵𣿡
ô£˭֪
˵һڳĺһѡ
мʵյģ
˵⻰Сıˣȥͷ
Ҳ̫СˣʵԼͷûˣôҵͷ
СΪϡͷ˻ʵۣҲ֪᲻ӰСط
ⲻǸ£Ҳûáڣ»ʵûչˡ̫ӻأǡҲûá
˵̫ѾƵˣԪλ»ʵҲɹۡˣǶô
ɴܣꡭѾҼ˵ˣ˵ҪսǮǾĺá
˵еȥҲ˵˵
˲Ǯǰæǰһ˵̫ӣ֪̫ںδ
˰¿˼ۣɫŹ֡
̫ӵ٣ô֪ʲô
ͦģˣ
ؼ΢Ц̽׵ģ˵£˸ϡ档Ŷλˡ
˵Ͻת뿪ֻ˲
֡
ˣ߰ɡ
̫ӼȻƵۣǸʱˣͶ̫ӣҲ֪̫ٲУߵԶһ޸֮ŮӣҪȥĶ̫̽٣
ңҵ̵£˼·ˣҵСسΨһĵ̣Ȼվſڣ̴ȴѾ
£޴ȥˡ
ĹɼػسĹ͢Ҳҳӵ⡣
Ҳ֮ǰһԭ򣬴ʱˣֻý¿յģҲط䣬ҲԺ˸󶴣ع硣
Ѿˣڽ¥һ仹ӪҵỊ̇ϰվڵǰˣ
Ƥİ֣
ÿӣʹľƵǣͨľĳгཱུİӷŽĺҶϸİٵݸˣҲе˾ֱ˲ôҧ
˶ϡĲ£Ϊ޳зϡؿ˰죬ҲںɰСżһΡ
ְֵİӣ˿ĭ
ӡ
һĸߴվڰǰİָָ㡣
ϰ壬ƤǲǱˣ
ϰǿЦ䷽ʮʮˣôͻȻƤأҪһǰɣҸװ
ٺŪӡһ磬ƵĶİ棬Ҳ֪ÿ٣Ҳ֪ĥҲûֵ꣬ôͰԽԽࣿ
ϰŵ˵һ룡һ룡
㿴˭أʮֲãûҲԽֱǿ׳ĵܵܣѵһӣ
룡
ɡ
ؿˣˣһǼ̣һǶԣʲôöǿŰϰͰ͵ı飬еƽǲϰ塣
ԣӰҲǶʮ꣬ôô۸һа߰׵أ
ԵݸϰǮĹҵҶؼҪתˣæһͷȥһᣬŶԸˣ˭ϣһ˫ɫĲѥߵԲԶȻһ
Ŀȥ͵ײ˸š
㣡شʧɫЩʯϵ
ҡ͵ɵ
رͷ˵Ҳӡ
Ծ֮ıʽһԣƨˣ
ȸ״ûͷϵ˳͵ƹֱ͵һ˵ңȴƭңǡֵطȥ뺦ңȴҵлѾˣ
Ұʲôطȥ
Ҫ
޳ܣ
ɫҲˡ
Ҿ㲻˵㶫ԣҵ·ҲûƽϣǮ㿴򡪡˵˵޳ˣ
ͺȻ֣壬˫ۣ׼ӭӼĴ
룬ԤƵ˺δԥԥۣ͵ͣڰգʳָĴָ֮
ԭ
ӲŮˡͰͷϣ³ûһϧ֮⡣ҲȱǮ
صѾûˣŽµĵ棬ΪʲôҪˣ
˭˵ҪˣüͷӲˣ
ظȸĻһ飬ȻȸĻҲֻǶ͵һֲ²⣬ʵԭƣƱøƣС˵
ΪҪƭң
ƭʲôˣ
˵Ϣ֪ʵأǵ¶ﴫ˲֪ˣ
Ͷ˶٣ƭ㡣
صˣ뺦ңΪҪƭң
Ѿ˵״ˡͿʱʲôô
سʤ׷ʱңʲôʱң
ٲЩʱҪεʱ򡣡
Һõúܣ
Ҵû˭ιͺǺһȷʵõúܡ
ƿԣִԼԿֻҧгݵȭͷŤͷȥ
Ա˸OO@@̲ס۽⿴ȥˣȻһҶԱ߳ӣ
ӵһ˿˿ģ˱Ƕһرꡣ
ضĲҺʢҪάԼϣŬס˱ӣ͵͵촽ֳһ
κǼǿȴûϢصθ﷭һ£һϵóġ쳹¡
صȫѪҺͷӿ̵þͺͰ̵һֻտ
һװӵݵǰ˵
ֻҪ˵ҲһԾˣӾ͸㡣
ҲҪ
治Ҫ
Ҫ
ãй
Ϳ漴ѰͽһţӾȥ֮һ͹ڰİƤ﷢⣬Ͱζزʡ
İӾǺóԣһȥܡ͡
ǿŲȥȴһԹԵ
ôóԵİӣ㲻ԣ̫ϧˡͳһӣʯվ°õĴҶȻ㲻ԣҾһˣܻܵſء
زشҲһᣬ⿴ȥߵûӰˡ
ʧ䣬ðʧˣľͼһˡ
Ѿϣôȴҵؼҵ·
رϥǣ£ϥϡ
ʺĸʬ׻磬ѵһֱʬҰ̫ӣǷѰȫˣеѪףǵңǿҴ棿ɳǶɳʲô
˼һɽѹͷ
ԼᣬʲôҲˡ
һ룬ȻƼϰ忪ʼ̯վӺҲ˲۾嵽ǰϰ壬Ҫ̯𣿡
ϰһŹ¯һЦǰСҪӾ
ܰѵ𣿡
ɲСϰεЦЦһҹͶǮ
ҡ
вУ߿ɣҪ̯ˡϰؼͷȥһȴϰȻ֡
˱飬ҿأתͷ
Уһյƾһյơù
񱻹׷Ƶģɿʰ˹¯شߵƳˡ
һյԭصĹµƣڷлλε
ڵ¶磬ٴӯ
ޣޣҲûá
ᣬȴԽԽࡣ
¼ѳղĳ׷ؿһֻͷԵӶĲץڵϵһƬҶֻڵ̶С۶ؿط
ԼøһҶ
ȻºҶ֮ززõؤ߳һۣ¶Ųء
ؽŵץסȹ
Ҫʲô
ؤδţȻ
վƵǱҪˣ
ؤǻǲͣĲǣɢΧ
޹ģð亹ܵʱһʯؤ֮䡣
ҹϴʯӹ棬ֹˡ
ʯǴģ콵谭˲ǵĿ
غͼؤһ̧ͬͷؤĶӣվԭء
ڽ¥Ķ¥ϣһ¡
һ⣬һŲˣһʯӣȻĿϡ
ҫա


7 
ôڣ
ûϵ˵һͣΪûԵӣ
ûϵĻؾ
ˣŲȵĵط͸¥մֻһ֮ظҪѾŽ¥ĺɫӻ
ϵĻңɫ糣
Ҷ£ô¼ؤ
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ǰ¡ǻˣǺˣ˲øһƽϡ˵߰ɣһȥ
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Ǳ۾һҲ֪
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תسſڣϴõĴŽˣ˵㻹˯
ƽʱԡģز˼ʡ
ʱԺʱںӱߡͿһۣҪϴ裿
غ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
˦ϵˮ߳ȥæϡĴңӽﵹڳһմҳ۵磬Ժȥ
ƨ棬ƨߵ߸󣬿ˮǰߡ
ϴɡ˵
Ŀɿڴſ϶硣
ǰ㻹
ⲻǡⲻǵ©𣿣
©Ӱӣʲôϵ
ϵˣ߲ѣңҳĴڻˮףһʲô𣿡
Ͳõ͵𣿡
˭˵׼
︹̣ȴʵ˵
˵ֻ˻ǽͽͰɡ
Թ֮ؾûϴˣһ·ɱ׷ˮƯгգһۣͻ
ϴҲ˯ŵġ
ص뿪ȷԺͳû˺
éͤŵζʱʱƮؿԲȴܲ
û趹ˮҲģһɹζϣ
ӣסϴЬסڹˮմȴҪԼϴմţʺЬԽϴԽίٴκۿ
ͶſڣȵƨɶˣزŴӺԺ߳³Ұݣ׵۾ͣƬ̡
һΪˡ
رܿ񣬺Ӧһ첽ڡ
վ߽ҡ
ôᡣ˵
ССૣֻ


8 
᰺ӱϢһֺճ׳᰺޽Ľɫڳԡ
濪ɫһ̹ͭ㰸¯ڳ˿ɽˮ֡
һڹ۴٣䳤һ˪
к;ҹҺ֮ʬҲʧְûзԽټ
ͣˡ
αڣѻȸ
ĵϥأ߳亹ȱ˶Ҳ亹մʪ
һ£ڷ˰ʬ塣
ôģ

Ҳ㲻ʹˣһƴļˡ㡭˶٣ڰϡ
һ̬Ů
ӣүͷ˵ˡ
֪ˡ㻺ųƹԷ˹صİġҲˣȥͰա
һӷ紵һѱ亹͸
߳һѣ첽²̨ס
һŵɫͣڸ£ʯɫ֯۵˲һɫ԰׵ĸ˳ᣬŮ£Ų°ʡ
Ůסѣ˻һŲȿգǰ˶վһ죬ǣӦ죬һ嵽ǰסĵĸˡ
ˣСĽ¡
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ҡϷɿ֡
һ㶣
ˡ
û˵˻˻֣գ˾Ը⡣
Слүһ˵һ
꣬ȳ̨ͣµĸ֡
첽ߵǰס˸֡
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ǰʯף޷ۼҪײ̨ףŮСĿ̽ɫ
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˵߾ǡ
һᣬǰĺáΨһһḷ̌īֽ֮࣬شӱߣǰһΪá
׷ͽŲʱÿƹǰĹ棬Цһʮıóҿۡ
ƹֽЦᣬᡭʵڲ֪عйϵ򣬼ǮȻͬ
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ƹæһıʣ㿴е𣿡
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ҪͣշҪϴɡ
߳ḷ̌һˬĺӷ紵ӱ֦ҡҷһո˴İСߣһѾƴ
鲻ĥҪĶϴдŵ̯ӣͿڵ

̯ƣ¶һ˲
Ҹһθ㣬ҪǮ͵ȡ
Ϊʲô
ûôࡣ
ظ̣ȻСƦһʱòô
ͰԵҪǮƨˣǰʯͷԼĽţ
˸˼غȻƼԶ԰һɸ߳Ʊıɫ¥ʲôط
ָķһۣΪǽݵĵһ¥
˵ҲԶԶƳ˸¥ķͬ죬ֻϧźӰûøϸһȴƺվһӰסĵطҲǷͬһ
Ľɵסʲôˣ
ǰǼڲ֪ĸù
Ϊʲô˵ǵù
Ϊ˭סȥ˭û³˵סȥûͲˣ֮ǰסⶰ¥Ҳ
ٿˮĸ¥ûֻۣʣܡ
˵㻹ɵʲôš
طӦõƭң
ֻ˵ģ˭˵㶼ţ
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סҼҲ˭ȥ
Ҳһƽϣ
㣬֪ȥ·𣿡
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ôߣ
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㡪
ͷգӰӣʱӱʹгһֻıīֽСƦ
˳֣һ·ֵػؼȥ
лҪ˵첻£ָ

ͬѧǣÿʱ䵽
ŮӶڽѾˣⱾ»ʣһصİһµ򣬳⣬һ̵棨㲻֪д仰ʲôãںĿã
ôˣ̵ʲô
ǰ¶ԵĽ~


9 
īֽ׼ˣֻһӪҵʡ
ﶫҺһᣬҳһմҳľľʣؿǰ븯пܣܾѾֽذʸɨˡ
ɨʻܿǰǰ㡣ԥԥؽˡ
ֻҪһ͹ˡ
ͳһۣÿվŵ㣿
رסһƿԡ
ڹɲǾ˶ֻվŵķվžͲˣվܱȹźá
ͼ˵ˣɵؿľߡ
ǣͷĽϳһĻһ߸ߴǰϿһɫѿľߵŮΪ˲Ʋ£ߴܵ׷ָһֻľӡ
ô뵽ĸ˴дţͲͷ˵
æϵߣ˵ид̯Ҽ⻹Ҳԡ˵¶Ժɫҵһá
Ϳǿϵ˫ţ˽Ų
ͷΨһţʦӽһľˡܱã
ضԷٶֻɣ϶ҵĸá
ǱֺãҲдġ
Ϊʲô
ĸʲô˵УûдյľǮʮҡ
ʮʮһٰʮضԼʮ㣬ԥľͶģˣҪҵĶλңո
ڵġ
Żڣ
˻ã֪ͷĽֵʱʱ;ĳʳӲߺȣк÷һ̣ϰ¯ǰæһֻװŲ֪ݣԼɼҺõ廨ꡣһڵø߸ߵģһ㳨¶ѩۣɢֻ㡣
߶̣û̵ĵط˰ں̯ӣˣĿɨҲҲŵĵط
һ˼ҲûУӾ;ֱһж̣ʰԼҶһ߿Աһ˵ʣӲǰԼҵӷŵ֮¡
ζŲˣ̧ͷ̯˵Żᣬ㲻ɣ
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ز̣ǰСðɣ
ʲôõģŲطͲܳˣһһԵοһۣٿ¯ǰϰ壺ͷ԰ɣ
ԣԡ
ֱǸԣи̵
̵ĳһأɵվʲô
ŤŤڵǰںıīֽ⣬ϰҪ˵ˮĥúīš
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˵Ҳѽ
ЩգΪմдﲻȸֿڸʺ͸Ƕѧģһܱȵģ
ƽõһ֣쿪һǮдһ⣬ô⣬Ϊʲôûţ
۰Ͱ͵ؿˣǰȫȻ޲ߡͺȻӳվһͰ͵
벻Լȱ𣿡
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̾˿ɸֵؿһۣҡͷˡ
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ǰ˹ӣ͵ĶˣȣһߵϥϣڴͥȻضȿ˹ӡ
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ȸһĻУ˼
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ֲҿأİɣȸ˵˰ͺʹһĳʮû˲֪Ҵ֣ҴΪ˺Ͻзеز˵»Զ˭˶˵һá
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˶ǰˣ˵
˵˵ʲôͽһȸ
ȸһץס˹ӣЦеذѹӼ׼ݣһģȻԵõ
óէⲻŻô㲻ԴǣСмһ£
ܺԼС
֡ȸһ˫۾ЦϵĺɫҲԵòôˡܼܵסˣһȹܺԼչ˴硣
˵ڼ䣬һŬྐྵӣûһᣬĽ¾ͶӿǣưҲֻʣһ㳴ӡ
ذתͷ۰Ͱ͵ؿˡôûأ
Ǯ
ô۰Ͱ͵˶ͣ½ŲһۣٿһۣŴη񣬼ӿŲѸ뿪Ƭ
غȻתͷ͵ǲڱǣ
͸յߵĹͣסˣϵĽҲһγ
šüͷʲôţ
һ㲻Լˣ
Һúõôˣ
ǴɫǾͲˣ
˵ʲôλüͷԽšԽྐྵӣ״ɫ
ȸһۣǲС
Ȼ˶ûֻ⡣
ȸ̾˿ӡ
㻻طȥ
ӻϡط
ͺȻеĹӣվضһ
ǰ·һҲη˵ˣ֮ǰǨͣȻһԡ
Ϳɪɫƺˡ俴һ̡ۣ߳
˿СֹĪ
磬ȵҰץʣĹӣȰ˫Ѿӣ˹ȥ
ȸտյľưվ˵ãҴˣ۲Ҳȥ
ǿЦЦҲġ
Ҵʲôģ
ذ˵ĶԼ˵һ顣
ȸһЦ˵ٱУһдֵġ
˵ʮֿ϶·Ѿ֪ĽػԻţȸѾưˡߵǰľưȻ뿪ķ
ؿɫֺްյؿȻȤˣɻɥ
֮ǰܽӵһ


10 
ֱ̫ߵ㣬ҲûصĴд̯
ûԶԵʣĶʱе۲Ա߲ʱƮĴ̣ȴǰѯıǮ
һһڱӵĸ˴ǰ߹ųǰĵ̵ζ̲סıӿһǧһԣ£ġ
ҪھͺˣǶİٶء
ͣЩգĲڱСǣΪ˿ӿ뿪ĽŲǣΪ뿪Ĵд̯Ȼʽ
ػԱֻϵ⣬Ϳдһ顰д취ֻֽϣסԭּ
ؿֻԭ飬ʽҲпԭ
СҲΣһһ·æϰ忪ڵ
ʲô취ܹ𣿡̡
򵥣
ϰ߻¯ߣԵһ׺ָպˣվֻǰǿֽպ׺ָֽĸǸ˰׺ֽ档
ͺˡ
ϰճ׺ֻֽһֽظԭ֡
׺𣿡ؾˡ
ϰһЦⶼ֪
̫ªˡЩ
ϰڵҲûʲôʡʡǮķֻ˲֪
زôεЦЦתƻҽˣҲط̯ͲŻŪϰΣʵǶԲסϡ
ʲôϰˬʴЦģ˭û鷳ͣ鷳鷳ǣҲ
鷳ͣɻ
⻰Ը㡣ϰЦ˵ǱʹӺģ
ô֪
Сиʲô紵ݶˡοòϰЦĿ˵ͲûȹŮˣģǵһ
ز˼޴ȥҵġһ취Ǯװ׻ѵġ
ϰҡҡͷЦ˵Ҫ˽Ͳô˵ˡ
ز̸ͣһδһ˳һܾΡ
ϰ壬Ϊʲô˻ûʲôšʳأ
һǴ˼ҵĹûԹʲôͷ
ϰ岻Ϊ⣬ϵĽӲ˲¯ߵˮѽӵһԣ̧ͷص
˴˼ң˭һܳ٣ˣһ٣УҲУѾˡЩýҲģһһҰ˺ˡ
ϰ˵Ķضһ顣δϻ˲һ͡
ǡֻͣ𣿡̲סʵ
ʲô취λϰˣֱߵؤĶأٻжԣǾÿ춼ˡ¶
ϰ岻֪Ϊ˵ͣظոɻѾͣ˻
ɣ˴ôִ֣ҹ㲻һϰĿɨۣ˵û˵𣿡
ɻΪʲôҲ˵
˴дĶǲʶֵģذ˼Ӻ˭أҪдһͨҲϲ
Ļдؼˣոո¹ֻϣҲ̧ˣһ飬飬һݽͲ顭
ϰ㻹ûס
ز⡣
дʲôֲҪҲϰĿһ˿ͬ飺ǸŮˣ˭һŮдıŻãͷأ϶⡣
رδʵˡ
дòãǮ̫ߣֻΪǸŮˣ
վԭأرĻд
ϰҡҡͷת˹¯ǰƲͷǰһۣǰȥͬ顪
һоСͬ飬һǰмһ˵ˡ
˫شʧǣӲͷƤ̯λƼȴֵܳĿˣʵȴлڶ
ڹҲ㲩ѧʶΪʲô䣬ȴʲôҲʲôҲأ
֪ʺӣҲ֪ۣ֪׺ܵţƤʹáΪŮûŵдúãҲܱŸá
дҲûд֡
գգۣۿɬ˻ȥܿޣʲôأͲţȵһ֮󣬻˻д֣
ȴš
ֱյֵҲûеȵš
Ѿʼ̯ϰʰŹ¯ߡŵӵҲʼ룬½½ģֱߵĵ̹˵š
ԽԽ٣Ҳϡ١
ػɥʱһŲ£ò˹˿صһ˿ɣдһҪǮ
˾æ˵һᡪ
ڿ˱仯ıĿڣҪ
ʣ٣
Ա̵ۼۣ΢˵ʮľ͹ˣ
Ů˼һд𣿡͸һĨӣġҾдһԡ
ЩԥһʽģԥƬ̺ҧӦ˵Ҫ
ãôд˵ܣ㣬괺ڣؼҹܣǶܿģһǵչ˺ԼҶܹ㡣˵ˣһҪСģƿȡˣ͸ϽɩˣǸк
߶߶˵źļҳһΪɫһдһЩæҡ
дҳ˲ͣ˿
Ŀɵؿʳ¯ҳֽ˵㶼д𣿡
дˣҪǲţԽиʶֵ˶ԡ
ɡô˵ȻŨŨĲΡ
Щܣˮ鲢ûиһΡ
дʲôأʡ
ţβд׾ţ֣ʣܽʲô
ţ
ڿհŷдţװˣݸȴˡ
￴ۣû˵ʲôͳһͭ壬ϣת뿪ǰ
ȻЩۣôҲ㿪ˣ֮׵ͭ壬Եϲá
Ǻ͵õʹͽȻͬǰƲƯ͸ϲãȴֱؿ˷ܵ˶κġ
ٱУһдֵġ
ȸĻȻߡ
ͺϰ嶼ô϶⣬Ϊʲôȸȴƶ˳أһյô׼ȷ˵ٱ֮ǰȻеʱ˵һ⣡
ĲЩɻ
һѾˣԼӮˣʱҲûбȥɣشҴҶϰһ̯ӣͷҲص׷ѾԶˡ
ԶԶ󣬸ֵ߳ͷתǣһϤӰߣؾ񱻻һǽ
ôͣ
ɿ죬һɲõԤͷ
ת̽һ˫۾͵Զ˶Ի
дˣԼǲǡ
ʹӻͳһͭǮӸؿ壬Ȼͭ౶˽ͭǮϲصصл
š̽˵
Ź
ذһ߸˵š
һжѾˣⲻģġ
ţתضײһŵɲסŲ㡭
̧ۣȷ㻹ûУһҲῴǻûӦһˡ
򡭡
͵ԶԶ˦


11 
ªңرϥڴϣĬĬӡ
ǿҵĻҺ߳ܽϯӿУ˴ﵽⶼɬѹΪԼѹҲΪѹʧ䣬𣬰ûڣʴӡ
뿪ʹһʶ˸ʣĸ˱ӻĸ㣬ʲôǡ
дʲôãü鷨ô䲻롣
ڵģһ˿ĸ֪ԾΪʲôֳܷһĿ⣬̽Ҫһ·
˶бҪ˺£ҪȥҪŬػȥɳģʲôҲã˹⣬ͱһɵϣ£Ҳ׼ˣ;ȴƫûظл
ǶԣҲһõĶԡǨŭߣȴڶԼͷı˶ԼĽ
ȷˣΪʤ
ԽԽôܰأǵ˵棬һ˿Ǩŭ
ԭôɶ
ˣҪôźãռסʵڲ֪Լȥ
ش̫Ѷһ޴Ůӣȥ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵ĽŲţһ
׼ؼæ
ֻ¶һĴ˻ȥᣬԼΪʲôԼ۾Ʋأ
һᣬߴ͵ʲô
ҲԡԲԣ
ֱͣԼԽˣеԽܡ
µ˫Ŷˣת˳ȥ
Ҳˣˣ̲ס߿ˡ
ûд˿̵ҲԼΪʲôôûã
ڱĴϱϥᣬһ뿪βҪˣϻһȻûжμֵߣһЩǮķı̣ϰžͺˣڣķıʲôʣˡ
ҪٿˣʲôöûС
زĬȴȻֹᣬԼ޶ֹͣʲôأ
Թ԰ʱ³ֽŲطӦһ߽ҡ
߽ĵһʱͷʪܵͺ׵һϥǼ䣬ŵ˵˲׼
ľ֨ѽһ˴βһɻŴƮɢڿУظеĲ档

һϵóдӿտҲĶﴫ߷߽ӣ޲Ҹضȥ
ˡ˵
ҲԡӲͷƤ˵ȥԼš
Ĭ˰Σĵעһһ죬ֱ¿ڡ
ҵ
ҧס촽ƽٴηӿ
ˡôã˵ǰ㲻ԣ˷Ҫһѡ
ز˵Ѿһ䶯촽Ҫ˵˵ʿΪֹûôŮˡ
ͻͻȻ̧ͷֱ͵۾ˢ
͸üͷٿˣһ˿۾
Ҳǡˣ
ǰزֱͣڻͲֱۣת
ҾǸˣ˵ҪʵҼ£ţ˵ֱ˵ɣܲˣ
ҿ޲ޣʲô¡س
˵Ҿǿϧûˮ
ỹţȴЦ
˵˵
ġ˵һ׵ˮȥҪˮôң
䵱εǮҲҪˡ
ⲻУһһ롣
ô
ˡͰһֱֵݸصĿⴥ˿ĭ
ٵͰѴһƽʱư͵ؽˡ
ҳԲôࡣһ˿˵
Բҵġ
ûʲôԣڹʱԲʳﶼΪʹͷָ׽Ĺˡ
Ķ԰˵
ȥԿԣҲԡ˵
ôԣ
ûڴϳԹ𣿡
ˣʣôԶ
ͻͷһ࣬;͸˴
㡭صڵˡ
˵ڵƵˣ̣ѵӦôô
ֶ룬ﻹŶ͵ΣȥǣҲǣΪѵʱѾ˾ܾʱ
˵ͷϥϣ΢һ㣬־Ϳÿӳˡ
˵ˣÿսս
ˡ
˾ˣֲֻһӡֻһȴ˵ԼҲƵĺһûʱռʲô
ǰʲô
ڴϳԶż򡪡ǲ񷨣
ûиʣûĸûи㣬ֻͣԼһƮŴлϸ档Ҫ˭ɫҪҪȥȫȡԼ뷨
Ƕ֮˵ʱ򣬾͸뵽ԶϣΪģ
شûԼеĵһ棬ڴϳһ档
Сؼһ꣬Ϊ˱룬ϵ
ô͵һ꣬ʵ
óԡ˵ǰԹҪóԡ
͵˵ûɡ
̧ͷЦЦﻹ⣺û
ͷ棬ûע⵽ȻĬͣߡ
һȥ֮һرˡݸԱߵͣȻùĿӣֱӳ
ʱžЩԣĹȻҲʣµĲȣõĿѽ
ֹͣ
Ҳ䲻
ΣҲˣʱ˵ƣΡ˵ԼƿĿ⣬ֻԺĳ
ܴף˿մϱߵȴĪظеһġ
˵͡
ţͷҲ̧
ͷװһƽģ֮ǰ㡭Բԭ𣿡
Ƭ̣͵ˡ
Ǹϡ˵ûֹ㡣
ЩصЩһͳͳߣδɹ
лл㡣Ӭ֮
š
ʳһ
ţκŶҪʵů


12 
һˣͶ˴Ҳȥ
ȥĶʡ
ҵıīֽ⻹̣ҲûûС
õȡˡ𣬶˰˰ˡ
ɫ죬С˵˾лл
ˣøȥľߣһ͸ȥˡͷдġ˵ҪԼǮҸܸ⡣
ʲô⣿ؼæ׷ʡ
֡ͣ½ŲͷҸ԰סѧѡ
⻰ſףٱڴдϼȥĿס
һ˼Ӧ
ãҽ֣˵ĻķıҲˣ
û˵꣬;˵˻Ҫˡ
ʲôд֣ʡ
֦ɳأԺֳɵģΪʲôҪֽʲд֣
رסˣûӦѾ߳ݡ
Ը⣬ҲûʲôϾտʼϰֵʱȷʵֽܷī
׷˳ȥ˵һ¸Ҷѧأ
ͿһۣҪ٣
زۣ㿪ڣԥöٺʣ
Ľѧһһӡ˵Ҹһʮ
Щ˼˵Ҳô࡭Ͱļ۸Һˡ
š˵ҲҪġ
߽ؼ
ʲôҪ󣿡
ֵһҵļ񡣡˵ϴϴ·֮ġ
شסˣûϴ·
أ
ᡭ
ˮܻɣ
زһشˡͰ£ͷһۣڹ﾿ôź˵ģ
ֻд֣ɪ
üͷɫʲôؽͣ˵ˣ㰮ʲôʲô޾С
һӾͷ󡣡
غǾȣԼ½ǡ
Ҳް
ڳվһᣬһСˮϴ꣬Ȼˮˮ𣿡
ҪʲôƳһۡ
ŤŤ˵ҹԡ
㻹Ҫϴϴһˮ𣿡
ҲˣϴˣҲҪϴ
֪ӱжԶ𣿡ûÿôõϴ裿
ڹÿϴ裡
ǹ𣿡ͷʡ
˵˵ˮĵطĶԼȥˮ
ҲȰˮĵطٱʱ˦һҪܴˮӲؿҲ˺ԺľͰͳԺӡ
ǴһͰˮ𣿾ʹԼϴһȥɣ
ſյľͰС·ʱػȻǰ͵ĸĹۣһ·ѽµСʯӵߣﻹסţԣƦȥɣ
ˮĵطȻȽǺȥ᰺ӴˮͼҲһβľ룬͸ָʾҲ࣬߳Ժֱ߾ܿˡ
Ҳ֪ãŵױ͹ƽ·ѵۣͣţһ峺ͻСӳҰͷ
˲ϢˣӿŲڸϵ˺ӱߡ
ϦѾȥˣֻʣ¹ں棬ԵˮһΣÿһˮԡ
ľͰˮˮľͰ꣬͸ܵ˽ȻͬټˮĳþȫŰԭء
òףľͰװˮһᡪ᲻
˳̵ľ᲻ֻصһЩˮŬѰͰˮ˰
Ͱˮһ·ܲˣˮĸ첲³ۣòͣ½ŲľͰʱЪϢͷӱߣʮѡôȥһ߻ͼң
µһѾҪˣҪǣز뱻Ϳᣡ
ƳһٴˮͰؼ·ȥ
ûһͻһֻ֣ƺܿͱѹͨĺۼȫҲŻεˮͰԽԽ٣䣬Լǰߡ
עˮͰˮû˽£Ȼһ
Сģ
͵Ԥ׵سûüȣӾˮͰһˤڵϡ
ĺˮһһСֺˮڰǸСת۾ͻɫ
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᲻ͱˣΪʲôƫҪܣ˵
ҿԣؿ޺˵ƿͣҪĲȥϵˮͰ
Ƿ㣡һˮͰӱߴȥ
վԭأģؿ߻غӱߣˮͰĺһᣬһͰˮ˻
ò·ת۾ߵˡ
˱ˡͷٿӾûˮ
סˮͰˮҲûôˣٿܻģ뵽ʱôмһ˵ӣ̲סΪЦ
Цʲôû
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Ҫϻ֪ʲôʱܻؼҡ
Ҵˮͺˡ
ϴ費ͺˣ
ҲŲҪˡü
ҲˮͰɸ͵ĽŲ˲У¹¡С·ߵ﹡Ҳ¹һʵɴ
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ֻóֻ֣ɫֺۼڰĿ
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Ǵϣ˵˴ϵ˲Ǵϣ
ײɰ
˵Ҵϣײɰ
һһس죬ԭңԶ·;Ҳöػûۣ͵СԺӾѾǰ
ֽϴʡˮЩùˮˮͰһá˵
æһͰˮķϣһڴӦҪ
ùˮʲô֪ģԽԺǿùͦҪһģ԰׳ïܵĹ˵͵Ĺֱǹ硣
ͰˮȥԺظߣΪǰˮͰŵУû뵽ȴ˳
ôغ
һͰˮ᲻Ľ壬ˮȣ˲ǻҪź򣿡һ߶¯ջһ̫ƵһǶ֣ΪǼ˸ź˵ĹŮؼңû뵽Ǽ˸źĹؼң࣬ø
ģʵ̫Цûһ̲סЦ
Ů̯ˣ
һͨͷأЦˡ
㻹Ц
Цˡס졣
Ͱһľӽյͨ¯ףʺĻŲӰӣžﲻ
ϱʲôⱲҡ
ľȼյǹ棬û壬ʣ˵ʲô
ʲôû˵һۡ
ˡ
ˮˣְæˮᵽزģֶһ䣺㲻͵
ӿͷҲص뿪˺Ժ
ȥ·øɾֽ峺ˮ壬ȻȹҪ࣬ôҲһ
ϴϺʣİͰˮ󣬻ϢѴ˯ĵϣش߹ʱһһ
һ˯øⰲȣûμ顣
ڶһ磬ӵһÿ߳һ߳ԵĻײ


13 
峿ãͷ紵ԺйҶ
վڹ£/ҹùϴˮϴͷԡֻһ㡣ŵ춯̧ľͰʣˮͷ£ˮһʱǹˮ˳ʪӺͷ£ʹ͹ĺᣬ׳ţηﻨ˫ţÿһֻһ̾Ҫ
ͷϵ趹ˮѵˮͷĨͷ̧ͷأ۽ëµˮ
ôô磿
ȻһӿԴ̡֪Ķ֮ܣÿ޳ʵôԺϴ裡
һûΪʲôԣһ⣺ϴˮܽںԺϴˮ˷ˣ
ǡҲϴˮϴ˵仰о챻ˡ
ΪʲôΪ˹𣿡˵İɣҲ⡣
ض챻β̬ˡ
⣡
˵ˮֻô࣬˵ô죿
ˮǴү˵ֻ۲Ϊתҡ
Ʀå
ڴϴͷζ͵ͷ󣬷־Ͱͷ˳ȥ
ͷڴβˡرϥţ͵ʹף˼ȴ֪ɵ͵һηﻨϡ
û˭ôΧĴء
˵Ҳ̸˭˭ŵл壬ʶµöԷ¹ۿ壬⻹ǵһΡ
ϸһͷ֣ɫճηи̬һ㻨ʦգһرضҪúüһϧ⻭ǺÿƫƫһϣٽʮҲ򲻸һ˳/ţ⸱ĿĽ
˳Ż壬뵽˸ովһƳ塣ϵÿһ鼡ⶼǡô·ʱû뵽·»һ⾰ʫ裬û·ȴͷһؼ˵ʲô͹۵ֻۣͨ׵ۣһ˺аȫеĻ档
˿ˬ۳ȣʵһӸеˡ
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͵ĽŲͣ⣬ʵ˯ˣ
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ʡһʡһ㣬Ϊסںӱϰ˵ϻˣʰȥˡ
ʪܵ㣬ĽŲ߳ݺ󣬲̵˳·ʱɿƳһۣãѾƽ
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Ѿؿˣһ߳ԣһ߰ѳԲҧϣӶѽسܵĽ޷һĻüͷ֮ǰæתߡ
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غҡͷûϵлͰɣ档
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ǴＷȻˡǲˣ˸£Ϊʲôͷȴһˣ
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ǸæָŲԶһ̧̧֦֣
ҪʲôͰϸ֦ݸ
ܰɱʼ𣿡ʡ
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һΣתоͳһС֦ȥָعһԿžͲģȴһ㲻ƵģС÷ɿ죬ľм׷¡
һᣬһֻġǺʡͳǰ
«ǺʡͣһֻԺһĵ棬֦дһƪǧġ
дֵʱ;һԹۿרעĬƽɵӲ࣬ط
дǧģһԼĳɹʵʶЩ֣
͵ߴӵ̧еı·˵ʶ
ڴؿıʣʼ˵㡰ԱߵĿյء
ʶ
أ
Ҫʶʲôֱ׳طʡ
ˣʮ


14 
ѧ£ʵܼ򵥡ҲȥοƿǧĽ꣬ٽһ־ߡҲͲˡ
򵥵֪ͣЩؼѧһĽѧ
ͨһǧĺͿˣΪʲôû֣
ǧﱾûС
ֶûУǻ˼ǧ𣿡˵
´ѧȰǧ˵
ѧ֣ѧǧġ
ͷӰŽѧѧ
ú;⣬ɳдһֳ͡
ǡ͡
ʣѧ֣Ա߻һǿ˵Ƶ֡
дʹˣӦƲᡣ˵
ϾʣΪʲôһƲ᣿
һ㶣ʻģҶôд
ôдѵҲҪôд˵ûзôдɵ𣿡
ش𲻳鷿ʦûôĵҲû˭ʹ⡪˭Ⱑ
;ͻᣬˣм˵
ûУΪʲôһҪձ˵Ĺ
Ҳ֪ѽ
ҲͰˣؼб۾һۣ˵ҲǸӡ
ʵ̫ˣ˵ҽѧ˭˼ģ
ҵ꣬СһЭ˵
֮Ľѧ˳ѧܿ죬ֻϲһЩ붼û⣬ܱ죬˵Ҳһѧ
֪һʱ͹ȥˣ֪ûʳɻ̲סԳסƮȥ
ߣڼ˵˵͵ͻȥŪԵأ
ˣҲ֡ע⵽ƵͶȥĿ⣬ȴƫƫһ仰ʣڵԽдԽ𾢡ֱͦʮ㣬ʱʱŪŪͷӣ֪ģΪдʲô
̲סˣҪҪϢһ£˳Ե㶫Ȼ˿
͵üͷֱ
ֵܣڼ𣿡һŮ˽εε
ҲһҲûŵ뷨
Ů˼
˵⼸ûȥƣūһþЩԵ¾Ʋˡڼ𣿡
ʣ㲻𣿡
ͷ䵭ùܡ
뿪ſǺηʥΪҵˣ˵ùܣҲûʸȥܡ
Ƭ̣һԹԹ̾ϢŮĵūˣÿ𣬾ūңȾƺòԶܹ
öûƺѾԶˡ
ʱؾͿʼϲͼһ˸ߵˣԵũҶǰ˸ߵʣԼΧøصƵģ̽ͷ˭
ĵĺȼգһĸȴĺ˼롣
̧ͷĿԣ˰û˵
һᣬڵӽˣ
쳹СԺĽʵضӲӽˣߵϡ
ѼӲ
˱ʣһ֪ҪŪԵˣƨߵߵ׷˹ȥ
ͽ˳ջˮһʧˣѿڶ氡
һۣƧģ㻹ʲô
صȻ˵Լɰ¹β񼦸졢֦⡭
죬Ȥس˰
㲻Ƕ𣿡Ϳʣµ롣
Աˡ˵
û˵ʲôùʣµİȫ˶ǡ
Ӧ֪Щ鷿һʼϰѧ֪ʶͲ鷿ĻӣǵƦԣùʳŵһɾͲˡ
ڹҲҪݵˣûʱݵѧӡ
ػǵһμìܵˣǸݽƽ񣬵Ӵȴһ㶼ݽ档
˵һ㶼ûΪݽԾ
ΪȴʱеԱȴûеʱ
ţڴԺ˯ˡԭΪվĸԾʲƼԼкܳһʱ䱻جβƣͺһҲ˯úܰȡ
µĴȷӲ־ɣ۶ԶʶҲֻ˯ԺһЩ֪ΪΣ˯ðȡ
һ̫Ѿʼɽؽ˻ڻ˯ѵͣ˻ص£¿ʼѧϰϵǧġ
͸״̬صĽѧͻͽ֪͵˵ʮ䡣
һʨۣ˻ʣ˼ǡ
ػû˵꣬һ˵
֪˼
֪
¶Եõɫ۾ֺ
ʨӶŭڵĻʵֻۣ߰Ը⵱⹷ʵ۵Ĺ١
͵شڳһɻҲ˵
ͱŪˣһŷӦȥšüͷʵۣ㼱ʲô
⻰˼
˵˵ģԻԣ˵ǰǣҲǣԼƾʲô
ͨ죬һ仰˵
ͺȻɣۣʵۣΪʲôô㻹Żȥūأ
⻰ŭ˱ʣͷӦͷҲصسԺӡ
ֻǵȥϵķңǱһԵеķȥҲûкû׷ŭƵسӳԼĽ٣һĴϡ
ǰнĺøһαȫƷֻô˿ɶҲҪǸطȥˣ
ͷһͿһ
˵ǶԶλҲͼ޷ģȥ
·ǻ顣
ŭȥһͷӿͷͷεȥҡ
ΪʲôҪôʣ˵ΪʲôҪô˵ʣѵʲôŭԹ𣿿δ˵һ㸸ʵĲǰʼȲڴϴ󳼰ӣҲɱˣضԣΨһĲǾϲŭ޳ϲɡɴӹĵ
벻Ȼֲ֪ȥ˵ʣʱѾ֪ˡ
ȥֻ¶Ұķݡ֪ΣգͲͷѾʲôûˣѵҲҪ
Ѿûʲôˣż·ˣͶֺɻزԡ۹⣬ԽԽƫ
˭ҪǱѾвԸѳҲҪֻΪһССĿͷִԼΣ֮УǷ̫ˣ
ңСϻˣ졭
һﻹû¶ģȴѾתʵͼҵķȥ
û߳С·ǰȻðһɫĴ󹷣Ƥͷ߹ɼͷȴܴ󣬱صϥǻߣʶͣסŲƹҲʱתͷء
˫ۻǣ˿ûйҪǣſڲʪܵģճˮӷϴٸ°ͣڿС
һɺؽŵðһҶͷÿһͷ˿ˡ
ڣĬĶӳκ󣬴ƹʧȥȤתǰˡ
صиʱŷ֣Ѿðһܵ亹ٳƹߵķߣֻһָܴһߴش·
˭֪ɫԽԽڣ·ȴʼûоͷ
ۼǰһתǣΪڵ˳ڣؼӿŲ˳ȥû뵽·һǰȴһĲ
ʮڵؤˢˢ̧ͷ


15 
ʵûӦıѾת
Сӣʲô
һƲҲؤӵϴһ絽ǰڽƵﴫزһ󲽡
һֻص˲ſڡ
һҵĽŲؤǷ׷һᣬͱʮһؤΧסˡ
Сӣϵģôһ߻εס·ؤЦ
־ʹǣز¶һ˿£򶨵ؿǰͷؤ
˴ġ
ؤЦò⣬ÿﶼŻҳʮأ֪Ҫһλ紫Ǹи紫
Żǿװ򶨵ġ
ͶһڣؾزĿٿȻһ
ͣǰؤ¶ɡ
һյʱ򣬽¥¼лǡ
ʲô
ü֪
ؤֻۿתתɵ
СӣⲻΪںİɣ
ؼǲţҪȥ͵𣿡
ؤĬˣֻʣŰɵĿϴת
ʱһᣬֻʣ鲼ڵ˴ؤ˼䡣
ؤתϣ¶Ц
ΪͣӾͻˣѵ֪ʲôطǴҲһ绨СؤǰȥɭɭЦҲطսȻײͼȻ֪飬ҲûҪߵķ⡣
̲סȥµҪϻŬ
ҶңͲŹģ
ŤŹֵЦ˷ؤǰЦ
Сӣ̫ˡֵܻԸĨһ㣬¶Ĩøɸɾ
ˣǰʮڹ͢˺ҲǸʵĮӺֵܽõ䳰ȷõϻأ
غǺ£ԴС
ȻؤУͣң
ؤһ㶣ͷʱطԼٶȣһƵشԴһҲһͷһܻŭǰȥ
ƴǰȥҪӳȻãҪǲܣԸҧԾҲҪ裬֮ǰûܴϹ˭ӡܰװ۸
С߻Сڶ벻Լʱ˶СˣȥڿʱĴ֡
ȻһƬڣԴʱ˵磬ֻҪ˽ϾͰȫˣУһܺѲߵע⡣
ڴؼһسڡ
վ
һֻ۹ֱֳץصļɤˣͻķȺȻ߷׷ؤ
أһѽ漴ɳԶؤŲѥҽ׼ؤĸȥӵҲҶҪˣ
͡
ؤؤ˹ƵģһԼͬɲס˽ŲҲͿʼתܡ
ᡭᡭ
ؤŶӣɫҰףͷʹ亹
ͲŲ⣬ػûӦѾ׼һطʮʮţֱؤ߳ѪߵöϵҲص
رŰģסˣòײŷӦ
͡׿ʱͣӬغ֡
ϣеһʱͻعͷ
ԶӣʹŴĺȴɢˡ
û𣿡Ӳʵ
ҡҡͷᣬæ˵û¡
һѾؤȻǰ
ĿɿڴؿؤؿģһᣬͶһĺɰһֻɫһָһѻС
˵ô
վ˵ĺɰͭһ졣
ˡ˵
ǰͣͷûϵء
ϣ
æ׷ȥ
Ǻܵͣһ·һ仰û˵
صϤСԺӣϤĹؽиǰһǰ˵
ҵ𣿡
ͣ½ŲؿƬ̺˵
ǲǺ˵ҹﲻҪܣ
ó嶯ҲЩȻǰڮ˸ʣ֪Ȼʾĸʰ
С㲻ҲôǾ㳶ƽ˰ɡ
˭㳶ƽˣЦڽһҪû֪ᷢʲô𣿡
Ҳӳˡ
ǾͽӳˣҪüʱʱƤʣˣðŭ𣺡㻹ΪԼڹأѾˣźԽҲˣҪٲ˼ҲҪ
ͷһʹؿͣͣҲһؿȻµᡣ
Խˣ૵
ͱܿߣ˵Һ˵ģͷԲˡ
һεҪƹеǰظһ飺Խˣ
Ҷ˵ˣҺ
ң
ΪǰδеǿӲ̬ȶĬˣκ۾˵
ˡ
ô֪
ǴϢ˶٣ȷȥ󣬻жŮ쾡ɱԽڹ̨ѳֻʣǰ̫һˡ
ض죬¼޷վͷסһµӣͰַˡ
һ仰û˵תҡ
û˼ᵹǲҪ˼һ°µ䣬֪ʪ͸½
ӲĴ齱ƽӲĶһ飬ϡá
ɳĿǲûĿܣ֪Ϣʱ򣬻˱ʹ
֪ƭԼɳѾȣѾͶ̫ӣֻҪط꣬ȻҲܺɳطꡣ
Ҳȥˡ
ɳˣΪɳԼġ
ڽЩԼԼ
ĳʲô£ԲĲԼɳ
Ͳ֪˽һԵڴβһνһε䡣
šһֽ
زģ˭֪ǲʲôĽӡ
;Ļ׳棬һ۾Ϳʲôû˵µġ
Ž˹۾ڸֽ
ôϲԽʣǸһڷԵڷĶǳԣ
ز
ͳĬã˵Ҹ˵ӵĻ
ǲ˵ֱۣ
ء
أشӽӵû˵
ⱲӾ͸ǵڵĲһû˹ܹû˽̹ôػģҲҸĸͲǺˣҲûʲôˡЩģ˵Ļ
زôˣֻʣżĳ
ͼ˵Ҫ˵ʵ͵ҷ˸ƨһƽϡ
ÿնڷƨؿڣƵġ
Ҫҹܣһἱ÷ƨ𣿡
ذӽ̧գգ۾
˵
ǣҺ˵˵ܲ˰ɣ
ҲûпޡýӲȥʣᣬӲ
ӦҲ᲻һΣ˵ôɣ

˵ѵΥԼҪۣ

ſյݶһʶѾģء
ٸװɵ˵Ҹ׼Ҿ˯ˡ
һˣ»صϣ²Ҳˣ
Ҫô֤
ô֤
򵥡˵޸ҡ


16 
ˣ૵
ŷˡ˵˵ġ
ģ
ŵص˵Ƥж񣬾һ鲼µȢ
æžܾ˵˵ôɡ
ز˵˵ҲܴӦ쿪
˵
ȣǴӹģڹ⻹̣ȥͶˣҲСԺԣ·ȥԲԣ
ز鲻Ըص˵ͷ
Ѿ
ûصһۡ
Уûһʣһ̫ӣȻĴӴܣҲû̶ŵĵطôšֻҪ˻ţϣ԰ɣ
⻰ص˵ͷ
ԪۺҪһģû֮ǰҵġʵùǵµİգ̱ˣȥͷصãүͲˣ˵ϻǵصĺЩˣƽͷϰյֵģҲǵĹ
˵Ļøȣ˵Щʱ򣬺ྐྵӵĵƦģȻͬؼԽǰǳȵ˺ʹǰϵ
ģһزɳЦԼôȻأˣֱ֮
һֲᣬ粻ܿŮӣһ˳ԺӣܿԼ𣿡
Զԣʮܡ
ıŮӣرɫŮӡضԣߵӱΣա
һʼΪǹĶˣƭĵϰľϰ壬Ļؤŷ֣Ѿܺõһ͡
ǺˣҲǻˡ
ҳףкôġ˵ԴԺһȫˣͷأ˵û˸һָͷĳԴöȻҲٵģ˵ϹӣȹϾ˻ûġ
ԥš
˵ҲкôġͼҲЩµýţҲɵסЩĪèèǸʡģʲôã˵Ѿϲˣ
ʶ˵ûУûھ͸Ͻֹסˡ
ûϲˣϴлԼοͻǸ㣬ǳס
Ͳκ˳ס
ĸǰ֮ͰǰôԸԼһһƱأ
ͼɫᣬĬƬ̺˵
һҶͨõĺô
ʲô
ǼٳףþķΡ
һ㶣ѿڶǻʲôף
˵ˡ͵ȻˣбϣҲʡ£Ǹȡ裬񲻺ܺã
ԥˡ
ĳףϵķޣòΪŮҲѰ»ͬʱи֮ڼٳ׵ͷסòĴˣŻ̫Ӻ͸ϢͬʱǮ̫ӻ㰲¶ʰͶǡ
Ͷã̫ӻǰΪԼ䣬Сٵ۸̫ӻ㴸˹ͷ
ãá
̴û죬˼󣬾һŻ⡣
ҪôˬӦҲǲܵģ΢üͷΪѵ
ҲǲԣҲм
ɿڣɫһ᣺˵
һǮңҶӡ
Ȼ
ڶ㲻Ҫ֣Ҫ飬ϰѧ֮ҪЧңչ⸴ࡣ
ԡ
ġ˵иõĸ磬ԪߵĻţպԪϢҪȥͶˡ
ûϴһתʣ׸绹ǽ磿
Ȼ׸硣
ˬ˵û⡣
塭ض˶٣׷ʵʲô
Ǽٷޣ㲻ռұˡ
˵ӻռұˡ
áؼ˵
üëһšûꣿ
Ļ˵Ҫÿԡ㲻ҡ
ߣҪһԡҡػδ䣬;˵Ժé𣿡
صһۣҪǽ䱸ͰıһСľͻӵéޣ
Ǹ˵
ضͣۿ΢΢ˣң
Լء˵˵һ˵ꡣҿ㻹ʲô
ȻʢˣҲͲˣһ˵
һҪϴϴͷ趹ҪС¯һѬһѬС
߶߶˵һ󴮣ͣͣס𣿡
סˣסѼɻʹˡ˵֮Լȥð죬ӾͲţͷܰƲɣ
ظ߸˵дԼ
Ҳ֡
֡˵ԻѺ
һֱϵʹʱȴһ̬ؾ
Ҳ֣֪дʲôһдô죿
Ҳˣ
֪֪治֪ģô֪ǲˡ磬˵ԼǲдģЩҪҶŵʶôãֲõ𣿡
غɵؿͲдˡ˵׼
Ϊ㣬Ь˲˵ϵؤͷͷ㻹ǲҡ̾ϢһˣվҴˡ
Ķѧ̨ʣ
Ϸ̧ͷǼٳ׺ҿԴȥϷ
۾һ˸ûеƵĻ谵ڣҲйâ˫۾ȥĳŵ
һ˵ԼˣһΥԼĵطԼͼϡ
˵㡣
ǡ
ظȥȴصĻͷ
Ҫ˵ˣһû˵ҵء
㻹Ҫ󣿡Ŀɿڴ
Ȼ˼Ҫ
ƵĿϣ˲΢رܡ
һǼٷޣֻ֪
صͷá
ڶϵڣ㲻ͬüȥκ˽顣
û⡣
ϵҪͬ⣬һ˵˲㡣
ظ뷴תһ룬̫ӻվǰⲻ˵
˼˴ٴε˵ͷá
ҾҪҪǱ˴˶ûҾƵգѻ¸
һˣزɳƬ̣գҧҧ˵
á
ȥʱȴָֻԭҹɫۡ
Ӵվ˵ȥˮٽ㡣
ÿ߳ػЩزͼ޳ȥˣһΣ
ˣٺ˼Ҳû洦һһͷȥҪġ
ش⣬ǰ£˵Լﰲ
ԡϴ֮ӲﱧԹ̫ӲѵĴۡƫƫô֣ΪĴûʧߡ
ڶһ磬رѣ۾߳ÿվԺȸ˵
ŵأȸЦݣ
ɩɩ硣


17 
Ԥϵ±˽ɩɩص
ûףҺ˵
֪ˡȸЦųĺҶ˵ʱҴӱ
ػδϴôǰЩ˼Ŀ⣬ҵ˵ͷҲ˲ÿˣҴԺϴ
ϴضˮӰӣһͷںڵķ˿Żصݡ
ֵѾϵĺҶѾ򿪣ԶؾŵŨͷζڽʣһºͽҶǰһƣ
ȸڳؾ٣л
üͷһۣ˯ɵˣ
غ˵ڷƨڳǿЦ񲻿ɷϡ
ҼƤˡ̧ͷֵܵǻȥɡ
˱ߡ
ȸеӱ˵Ӳ𣿡
ԭǸޱԡҵģ
һ̲סˣҪ
첻ˡ˵
ʣʲôʱܽ
Ƥʲôʱȥʲôʱ򽨡
һҭںŭصͼ״Цˣһ˫ȣԡչԡ
ãŻġ֣ӱơ԰ɣҪģһٲˡ
ĹĵҧһӱȻ
ͷеζɢִǧƤһȥ
ȵôģȻһҲ壡
ȸЦǶǵ̵ƣ䷽Ҳ֪ҪѧȥʶĶؾ
һԥˡ
˰ɣȻǱ˵Ķؾ
ʲôϵ˵ˮգѵ˱˵ؾͻˣ
Ϳڣؾ̲ס죺
ֻҪҿѧҾһѧᡣ
ƳһۣгЦɼѧջ˵⻰ɡ
ȸЭ˵Ķ졣
磬˵ϰǧģѧôˣ
򵥣Ѳҡ˵࿴дҲͼסˣЩˣҲûʲô˲ġ
ǧѧԺ󣬴׼ѧʲôô
ҪǸüͷתͷأһѧʲôӲƾ٣ѧЩظĶ
ǺǡǣòһЦĬдǧĲٳ˵ɡ
ڰʣµİӱԽĹҵؿ˵ˣ˵ʲôǣôһ䣿
Ӱ˿ֿͣ˿أִֽʵָҶһӱ˵
మҪܡ
ġͷŻ
ؾӱóԣ˰ҲԲȥˣͻ֮ǰһȻسʣµİӱԹĵطҲûӵһھֱӽ˶ǡ
رˣ˲⣬Եˡ
󲻾ãԺдǧģһԶĳýˣػ˳
ҵľͣ˷ţ˵ͣˣ
ſǰľţߵ˼ģ΢һ㶣˵ˣԼôŪȥ
һĸһǸɿվһţǰ鲼ڴڿڴϱߣĿֳֺľϣôȫһţϣ⿴ݵĳ̶ȣ֪Щжء
ãǱͻߵľϣʵڲ֪ҪôŪԺӡ
ȸˣվſڿһۣһûԽɫػͷһ
磡
˯«ϯϵӰһ·ûոյĺ
磡ȸٴκ˵Щ͸ˮԣ
ǰʬһ㶯ҲӰȻͬͦرææſﻹ׷ʵûƭңˮԣ
ȸ˵˲֪ˣ
ߵţǰ´ϵĻƺڿǴĶֱȽϺá
ؿȥ費Ҫ˰ͼ˫ֻסϵĿľϣһʮĵͺȣһ߰˿ľ
ɫͨ죬ͷһƵֱҲǽ֣΢΢ӣٺһصľϼƣ˼ϵλá
¶׵ƣԤʲô
ȸ˵ǰæɳŵȥ
ǰһĻʵڳص֪СɽѹҲ˲ʲôˣ˵УѹĹͷ
ĸ׼ֵͣˣȸֱӿ磬˵أ
ӡҪˮ
ȸţԵĸˣɡ
ĸ˺ܿ춯֣һһϼȥÿһźɫЬĴžͻһ㡣ˣǲϺţټһ
ȵϳĿľϣҵ˵ټһ
ȸ˵ӲټӴӾͷŲˡ
գѾ޷жصĻһһŲףȵشľԺȥ
ؿôסˣϻ
ôܡ
֪ѾԼʳڣȸķӦֲ֣˵ģǰԸǿȡ״Ԫ
⻰ظΪԾ¶ɫδ˵ȸѾ
ɵ
˵䣬ȸͱ˿ڣȻԡ
ؼ״ĬĬ̻ʣ׷ʸࡣ
ֵܣƺÿ򵥡
ΣŽţϵĻ˸ɾĸ˴ţǣȸЦеͣһһ硱öԷΪˣȱʲô˵һ
뿪ظȸһԺӡȸ˵ã⼸հҺͶ綼Ҫ߶ˣ֣Ҫǳö飬
ɶԱ㼴ɣعҡ
˲УȸЦãɲŹҡ
ظҪ˵մʹӺԺ߳ɫؿվǰȸ˵
ܶʼĨǽˣ㻹Ÿʲô
ˡȸЦЦԺ
ߵǰ۹Ѿдһǧģ˵ҲϰˣҪץʱ䣬ܰӸ
ذͲ콨ñԡңæȥɣҾһյĹдһҲһġ
ո˵ʲôˣͺȻʡ
һ㶡
ȸ¶ã˵ʲôˣߴʲô
صɴ۾ûߴ𣡡
ûá;ؿһۣüȥ
أ
ʲôʱͱüȥˣ
һǵÿնڷƨĹֲһղţһ̲̹
úһƽϣת˯
ڴϵʱͺȸĶԻԼԼҵĴ⴫
òæ
磬㣡һҪɻأ
Ժģر˯ˡ
ʱʳػֻص˹һͶ˷̵ʱʶ֣ɳ
ǰζûΰѵۣǰ¶һѾı顣
ˡ˵ͷɡ


18 
ͷⶫżһڻУʳ¶ǣضھʲȥˡ
ֵܣһͿ˸ͷֿڴڳԵ
԰ɡذһȱڵͷݸͣûͷһۣô٣
ҵʳͲ󡣡طܵ
ԹͷֵܼصԺȸǽߣһľǽĨ࣬һʣ磬óô٣ǳԲͷɣ
ͳĬƬ̣˵һԵ٣ʲôԲߡ
ȸ˵ǴӹģҲпԭҪЩסõġ
һҪôãͺü
ȸһ˦ǽϣƬƽˣ̾ϢŮ˼
鷳鷳һԸɵô˵Ů鷳
ȸһۣ˵ֲȢϱ鷳ϡ
ʹһԵļ鲼ڴ¶һһƬȸ˳һ磬ҪƬݶ
˼䣬˶éݶ
ҪǮéݽѣϵһ㸯ˣӵٴǣô£ʡһʲСǮ
ݵݶҲдõéݣ˵۵éޣʹ˾٣ȷʵϡ
Ͼ֪ˣүĸͷ˭Ƭéݶģ
һελߴߴɡ
šüͷ֣һѶΪ֮ӣ
ȸЦûдŵΡ
һһ鲻ͣһᣬһµëݾͳֶߡ
ͿѾʼͷ˵Ϣһ£̫ȥټ
ȸеĻƣȴɣͽϢһᣬɵЦۣܵܲϢ
Ϳȸ㿴
İɡȸЦ
ǰԺȥûԥͣ룬תߵéӶСˮҨˮ˫ָ֣༷׷ҲûŹֱֻϴһۣ˦ϵˮǰԺȥ
ǴûԺ߽ҲûӰվǰ˵أ
һûУÿһյģĶӰ
͵̫Ѩͻͻˣ
ɫѿߣѸտݵһ
ͿȥĶˣô˵һ
ҾڼſڣҪ˭˵һؾȵ
ſּظο͵Ĳ죬üͷչĿҲ䵽˵ϡ
ʲô
ƿûУԺ廨ûеط˰죬һá˵ţߵǰʢС׻ʪŵ롣ſڵİ׻һأôҲ̫ϧˣɾռ׺
ûΪǰòš˵Ҫ¡
ظ˵֪ûжҤĴҤİ״Ϊÿ
Ͳ֪ʲôǶҤⲻҪһͷûеĶ
ȥϹ䲻֪ˡ˵
һȥ
ǡ
֪ڵʲô˵ڼ㣬Ҳڼ㡣
Ǿͺã
ϵɫۿɼ޷̧ͷЦˣһ˫εε۲١
ʲôʡ
ͻعգһ˫޹Ĵ۾ںڵĽẹ̈ȵ﷢š
ûһͿ֬𣿡
һ㶣ûа
ΪʲôǷ۵ģ
𣿡ԼһãȻ
ͼѾһʲô˵׵ѾˣĻƵ³塣ʲôҲҸʱȥϹҪĶ㣬԰ᶫ
صͷ
ߵһǵ«ϯǰһƨžʹˣȳжŶ˿ﻹһء
˯ᣬ̫ȥһͽҡֱ۴۾ϣڵĿչ⡣
֪ˡ
µ̫Ѿ¶رͷбٽû뵽Լ˹«ϯϣƵؿһᣬžȥԺˡ
ֵܸɻȻܿ죬رǸޱȵһ죬һϡľһëݾ˺Ժ
˳ЩҲûĲӱøԭΪͻͼʡ£һֻתСأ
վ޵ǰ˵ʣԡһǱ
ǡ˵
صЦ϶᣺ʲô
Ͱʱ򣬾Ǳԡʱ򣬾ԡҡֱ׳˵ʲô𣿡
ˣ
˵ӦԡҺͱģ
԰ԡҺͱǰˡ˵Ͱԡ裬ԼϽȥһ飬ͰҪԼȥ͵é
Ŀɿڴؿ
˵ͰܲҲˤɣ
åز˵
˵òһܹ飬Ҳݶĵطԡˡ
ϣغֵһϦʳڹһ˹سԷɳһԣɳҲֻܣǾͲһˣǰһһڣͳֿڣϴүƵһռһߣһͷһڵˮӺȵࣻȸ߳Ա˵˵ĶǶҳҶ̡
ЩؽܵĽһˣܵĽӵһˡƫƫദˣضǵıȴԽԽ
ڹӴˣѧ峵Ůµ䷶Ƕ㣬غһʱ򣬴ûڡ
ɵʲôԡͼһ곴Ž
õĲǹ꣬ǰ˿Ž
ʣ
ǵȻɫ⣺Ҳ˭һȥɽġ
ȥڵģȻ
Ͳ֪Ϊοһ£رߣûó͸ҳ꣬ô֪࣬ӵļײɣ
Ѿϰ˴ûûÿʱᰲοԼҪһƽϡ
ãܺ𣿡ȸȻ˵
磬ȸ˵ޱȶˣôһƨһĻأ
ҺͶԭ֮ˣΪ˵ֶֿ죬ȳ˸ߴǽȸҶֲԴǸգֽȸ
ԭؾȵ
֪Ƕˣܲ鷳㣬Ϊȡ֣
ֶͬгˣʣҪһʲô֣
ȸû˵һˡ
ֵ֣
ûôȸ͵Ҫһȥͺʹһҵ֡
Ҫ򵥣ؿʼĥ͵֡
ʵָ֣ͨѼӣ֮͡øԶҲǺôʣӲҪһʣǱУ۵˼͵˭ȡģֲΪƫƫѡ˸أ
Σȸ˵࣬ԭȸͽȵϲȵȵ֮ϲ·ȵҲ֮⣬Ԣǰ;Զ󡣡
ã˫۷⣬ϲãҾͽȵˣȵڴлô
أأ͵
󣬵󡣴ӽԺ㲻ddˣ
񣬶񡭡d˵ЩȻִЦãϲ
ֵܼΪģǵϲҲȾأЦ
Ͷǰ
ôزԡ
˵
ˣ͵һײ﷢
һݵĿת˲ӹ
лˡ
.


19 
ڶһ磬d£СԺ
ҹͺȵһЪ첻ͳˣҲ֪ȥ˺δ
d֪ȥĶ𣿡
dɦɦף˵Ǯȥˡ
ʲôǮ
d˵ӣͭ壬Ǯԡ
ػ˸ʽʣǮʱͨЩʲô
dٺЦȥϣӱ򡣡
˰죬ʲôҲ֪طһͷˮʲôӪأŵʱһնţŵʱҹڸˡ
d·͸죬׷ûһðëë̲סԹһѽ
dͣ´˦ĽѾӣʶмһξ롣
ɵЦ죬̫ˡ
ˣ˵ߵòûأ
Ųǡdҡͷԣ̵˵죬
ú磬d
dһûĺӣŲշһЩûһֻֿòҪһЩ·
һһͣ඼вìܱ֮ǰͷϡ
dˣˡӱ򡣡
֪ʹЩСĻǸʲôģֻú԰֪ˣһ򡣡
dˣ˵򣬲ˡƭңһҲƭҡ
ûֻ·ȥӱĵطdԣ·һͷؿûиϣؿЦá
˶ǵ̣ǰѾɽ˺ظҪĩβdץ䣬ͷȥ
dǸͷ˭ܿסƬ̣ؾѾð¯ǰ
d㲻رΧ˵ĸĿ⿴ţһɰת죬ûš
dֱǰϰ˵ӱĸ
ϰﵹûһϰΪӡ
Ҫ
d˵˵
ϰֽ䣬ܿͰȺӱôҶ͸ǮˣתdѾس˰ӡ
ڿȥ˰ɣ˵
߰dǰߣ·ϵһ
üãװ·ҪĶֻܶ࣬һͭ壬ȡ
ԭǣֻܸ֮ǣϾͺˡ
ػǵһֽ׷ʽ﷢顣ҿѡһҹ߽dˮûȤ߶Ūһ˨ʯϵСƹ
̲󣬵ʤһǱܾĴߣһλȹĴָպˮڸĹϡ
ѡʲôˮ룬
ôʡ
һʮģôǽժģ¶ˮء˵
ػǾ¶ˮˮⲢҪԥƬ̺˵ܼ𣿡
һ㶣شһᣬ˵԰㻹ҪʲôҸһ
һ˿ˮ˵ɣҲҪһɡɣ驶Ǯ
ɣ驱˱ˣʮһ
˵ʳ˵Ҫһɡ
ӹ̨³һſĺҶѸٰҪˮϵýʵʵݸء
Ŵ˽Ҷţתֽdˮ˦˦ȥˡ
¡dһӱ˵СƹűҡβͣڵıͷҲմŵɫڡ
̾Ϣһd°ӱĿպҶ
d˵Ҳֹؿľٶ
ҪĶӣҶһǽϻʲôӣ˵
ʲôӣdʡ
޷½š˵ӱʱһŲȽţ𣿡
düͷһӶ񣺡Ȼ롣
׻׻յ·ʱ򣬱µĹӿǷɽЬ𣿡
롣
һע⣬ͲűµĺҶˤ𣿡
dٴҡҡͷ룬롭ˤƨۡ
Ҳԣ´㲻Ӷˣοǵ˾ǣǻᱻ׽ȥֵġ˵Ҫʲôռҵ˶ӡҪԺһӱ
d۾𣿣
ģҪҵĻС˵
ģġdҲġǣʲô
ޡ˵ͷû𣿡
Ŷסd˵ǰߣͷ
ӣ·Ѿŵ˱ͼé޸ٱζ
߰ɣҪĶءѺҶddԹԵؽˡ
ˮ֮һжˡر߿߹䣬߱ûһd˫־˴ССĺҶµط񾩳ﶼֽǳԵĻõģҪƷͳͳúҶ
Ҷ󣬽ʵһ㣬ҪǣҪǮÿ̶Ϊİװ
öˣҲͲʼˣϲ򣬷ϣҲ֪˶Ǯ
Щ̵ϰ壬һ͵֣ϾЦ˻ҪʲôΪˬشӦ˿Ǯˡ
زɻû٣ȥҲǾ̵ӣôͷؾô
¥شڴĵط
ϵ·Ѿûˣ֪ľճ£ڴ˴ιõ֮ء£طûϡ
֣¥ߴĿһţС˾һһΧ
룬˲»װ¥ϣ¥¥£ȿ
ԭߴŵdȻ˽һһС˵ӣ˵档
dС˵ľУԶ㣡
æסdǲδ˺ԼdŰ˸ӻ˵档ԲɣŭžδСˣ˵˶һָͷ
ԴһС˿ЦᣬᡣǱûж⣬֪͵ˣˡ羡ܷġ
dñص˿Աߣˡ
СС¶ЦΪЩεؽΧﲻ¥ѡװͷ棬ã
Ҳá
ЦЦ¥dҲ¥ȵý¥ľ¥֨֨졣
С˽¥뿪ˣɶ¥һŮӽӴŮӽ¥ĸֻ컨׹һ֪Щʱ˵ʽǾйṶ̊õĶ
գܿŮӵƼһʮ׳£ȫǲ׹ʱľʽ
ö࣬ŮϵЦҲԽáҪװӹ¼һ䣺ѡĶɫ˼ᣬɫֺãѡɫ޵ĺóš
صһ¼ϵļȹǻˣҡͷܾŮӵĺ⣺ˣͺá
ǹλرһ°ɣҸߴ磬ĺԺ͵
վŲһԥӣŮ˼˵ﲻصģǽ¥õģܸĵһ
زڲˣµҡһѡһ¡
£ŮӾȵʲôʱã
³塣
Ƕˣм׳£ԿŮߵ¥һµĹ¼ܡ
пܣɨ۱ָһףɡ
ѡˣ֧dȥ¥µȴŮӸ˳ߴ磬ȻҪҵַŮﴽһЦñˣ˭֪סĶ
𣿡̽
Ȼ޸ԺȻ֪ˡŮЦҽɣ¥Ƹõĸףõ·ʲô⣬ֱ¥Ҿͺˡ
æҽء
ɣЦҲûĿˣȥɡ˵㻹Ҫѡͷ棬֪Щ»
صлһǰһ¥ݣߵһ룬ؾ¥һյŮ
ɵӣô㣿
.........................................
лҪ˵ڿʽdˣ


20 
һӿŲ¥ݡ
¥dһͺµŮţŮδŮ˫ƽ٣ͷϲһϴɫؽɴȹȹ̬Ļýȹ¶һ˫廨ĵЬ⡣
ŮȹϵĽһ۾ǰdŭĿӣd˫֣Ӷ
ɵӣΪװư;ˣ㡪
Ůŭ壬ddһˣȲ˵Ҳ֣ĸָľǿӡ
ڶ֮䣬ŮֱĶ
ôˣü
˭Ůüһõ۵ػû˵˵۹ѾתȦʹŮˣ
תͷdû°ɣ
dҡҡͷŮ͵֮㡣
òŮŭû͵ҵķôͷû£ôĸӣѵ»ܰƳ𣿡
һ㶣ٴοd˼ҵķ
͵͵Ůǵһˣϴλ͵ҵĺɰ
㻹͵Ǯصɫÿˡ
û͵ǮdСûҪǮ
ǰûҪҵǮ͵ҵĺɰǮˣѺɰˡŮƱˣٴdɵӣ㻹ҺɰӣΪҺһ㣡
dŮץԼһתͷҲصˡ
תۣ㲻Ӱ
ˣĿɿڴ˭Ķͻؼң
Ů嵽ſڣڵ϶ţɵӣҵţҲŹģ
˳ͶĿ⣬СæΧϣŮ
Դ˵dҲǸˣʵʻǸСأ
С˵͵Ķ˵˵׼ͻˣλ˵Ҳһģ仰Ķͻ𣿡
Ůŭδ䵽ϣ˵ֲǼ޷죡žͲ͵ɵ𣿣
ӴС㡣СС˵ͷ˶ˣ˵ɵˡ
ز֪ǰƬ̣ڵһѴ¸͵ģd͵ĶһȰ㻹
˵ȰȰŮߺߵ˻Ž¥Ĺ̨΢أʲôϵΪʲôҪɵʰ̯ӣУɵӲǽd˭
dԭѸdˡҡ͵δޡسƬ̣֮dȻҲҵĵܵܣ˴£ҵȻҪܡ
δޣŮȻվֱ壬ǰɨ˼ҵҪ֪ϢЦЦó
׻˵úãʶλȻѾƽϢ˳ͻͲҪΪˡɣ￪ڴҿλ£һ¥໹ܸοء
ߡŮ˿ϵţ岻һ
𣬰ǻΪСѽյ»óɣ˵
С˸հһλС˾üëСңȥˡǲǿң
˵е͵ķزɶ࿴һۡ
ǲҪ˵Ĳοģһ˵һ˾Ϳˣɣﲻطġ
ǡɣ￴С㣬ߵɣģšüͷ˵ֲӣ˭һѡ
СЦˣɣüͷС㡭
ʲô˵ģû˼Сһ߱Թţһ̨һŶ౦ɨȥǸǸθҿ
ССС۹ãǰոմӾ»ⴺ찡ŮӶΣΣõõ飬õĽģȥСһͺͱ˲һ
˵ǲģСɣ
ɣͷ˵ȷʵǰոմӾʽ
ǲõͽӣû˵СҲûĻһ˵ȷһ߰ɣٿġ
СˣټһƹɣλСǰһͰ
ԱȻ죬γԱȣ¥ĴϵģżмķۣСΪȡºȴʺǡ
ȥֻѡһֻ㲻ϻʤڻأɫҲǿ⣻һֻľı¯ֻаƴСñµĻ¿ɰ
Ϊϲⱻ¯ԽԽ⣬̲סʵǹƣ
ɣһôģ
񡣡һЦĦ¯Բ¯Ĵֻôʮ¯ֻһ룬еķеľݻеֳףЩеΨһһŮӣƷԲڼ⣬طâ
ɣﱻ˵ôˣֹɣ¥Ҳһͬˡ
ڻ˰ɣС㲻
˵ûӵƷȷˣҴǰҲˣû۲ôϸ¡ɣ˵Ȼˣɷ˵˵ѡΪأѵҲǴ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ǺҲʹԶйΩΩФһ֪˿๤ܷУཱི˸߳һأʱգĴҲҲһ
ȷʵǸ·ҵĽˣ츳ˣ̶ʮĹ򡣽¥Ĵ󵱼Ҳһܳͷءɣ̾ļʵ
Щ˼ڹҲûбʱ䣬챦ˣԲŻ˹ֽ޴룬һ֪ɣĳޣ
ȻôҿЩЩֵ򣿡СŰɵذǰһ
Ҳѡ˵
㿴ңСֵ
ѡļɫãң㲻ϲʲô˼˵ֻѡԼϲľͺˣǮʣǱֵ򡣡
ڲе£ѡԼϲģ׵ġ⻰ǸģʱƷһ黹ûʲô飬ֻ֪ҵɫ£˵ã͸ſ䣬˵ã͸̡ӲˣֻǾ͸ֱؿþˣþˣҲ֪ʲôãʲôá
СĻ˼Ҳ֪ĻȥûС
ѡ˶˵ϡ
ɣһ޹ǵؽˡûа֣ɣﻹС˱յѶͻؼҡ
Ȼ֮á
߳źصײؤͷͷһ·߾û
еʱ·һСС鷻ǰһᣬ˼³ʫĿʶͣ˳㻹˼ͯõ顣
ȻˬشӦҪ


21 
ڻؼҵİ·ϣȵ
û¾ͺãֻжһ˻˲СĻءȵ˿ؿտյ֣Ķأ
˵Ұеңеʱ͵ǶӦˡ
ǾͺáȵһЦҪǴæһġ
ظ߻Ժǰȵһƿţͣǰȥصл߽ţžͼ˫ָ߾٣ڹµd
dҲίͰ͵ضǰһƬɳ
ݵŴţڳϣ˫ȴ󿪣ϷԲĺҶԱ߻һ̳õľơ
߽ݣΪdֲ֪οڣͿһۣȿ˿ڣ·ϳʲôû
ûСҡҡͷû˵ɡ
ֹ¡ü˵ȥǼ꣬ǸָҵıռҲһֻСĸҡ˵d͵ķҰٱ
˵žߵſڣŹµd˵㵽ʲôëˣϴ͵˼Һɰ͵ñӡЩŮ˼ҼҵĶҪʵϲ˵һӸва
dҲڣֻøˣһί˵ı顣
ˡСû͵˵Ķ
͵ô֪ͷβֻǸŸҸ״
ذƣˣȥʡ
Ͳ鲻ԸڳºػصԺӣԭվdǰȵ״
ͣdǰ˵ӣ
dȲҲϣͷһԡ
ռҪǻûռˡ
⻰ʲôãḑͷռҪԡ
˵ʵҾ취ռ𣿡
dԥΣ˵á
õ𣿡
޾ɵص˵ͷüͷΪʲôҪñ˵ӣ
Ը⡣˵
ǰȰûоͬ⣬㲻ñ˵ĶҲĶɣ
dȴȻȭͷ棺ҾԸ⣡
ٴһԣ
dˣŲӲ˵
ԭһ͵Ĵڸ˵ȥǿd˵ԭת˵ȻǰǾͲˡܴӦңûб߱˵Ķ𣿡

ӦҾ͸磬Ѿ˴ϵռǸ÷һݡ
ˡd
΢ЦڽdˣǰǸĻϰߣٴˡ
֣̽ļ磬ḑа˫ۿһۣûпܡ
ٽ˵ֻӣھȥȥǸҼֱڿ죬Ӧˬ֮ˣĵǸҲǺġ
粻׼ֹ
֪ȥǸȻͻ˵ȥɣҺڼҵ㣬ռҲϵ㡣
d̵վظվ˵ͣתȥ
ػصݺ˵ȥĶˣ
˵ȥﻹҵǸˡ
ɫ̳ϵķⲼ־ﵹȥһ࣬ϵĺžҺ£ٷ¾̳ʱ̳˲١
ţ࣬ȴһҲûУ־ηؿ
ȵĺֲ֣ڵҲΪ緳ˣһŵЩҲС鷳òŷ𡣡
鷳ûʲôҾǲ鷳ͳ˵ͷҲ֪ܴ϶ãȥұһ졣
ȵǰĻĬ
̲סΪʲôͷˣ
Ϳһۣ˵ûӰ¡
ʵϣû˵ռ£ҲûȥռĺҶֱdŶ룬żģؽ⿪˺Ҷϵϸ
ռҵģҵǸˡҵġռȵҡ
d˦Ŵһ·һͰѺҶӵ˻
óһdͲԸɿռһ˵ı顣
ȥϴ֡˵
dϲɿԺѸƵġ
Ҳȥϴ֣Ҳ˹趹ֺصǰ£ȵװͷĺҶΪһ֮򵣸˲ռΡ
Ҷµռɫޣצӽڶԣ״ͬһԪ⾭⿣ǣ׾ٵؾͲ˳ȺͶǸǳɫƤڹǹؽڴѣ¶֭ˮۼ⣬ԽζԽŨ
d͵ɴ۾סſˮʳҲ˵ζ˲档
ռȫˣǳᣬȵڴֻȣd߸ƶӰգ
лܾ
ڶֻȣŵddȲ𿪸ɡ
ֻͷŵȵȵ˵òֻһֻɡ
ͷҲ̧ͳԡ
ýԼһμӡ
磬ԸɡȵԼļᡣ
ͻסԼ룬ͽ𼦲ӿ
ҾͰԼӣ㡣
ؼＦȣͷĵطҧһڣ죬ֲʧ;ݸʵĽ⣬Ũ±֭˳˳
óԣ
ؾԼһûʲôũŮԵӱ˵óԣԵ˿˵óԣԵռ˵óԣĳ˺óԣˡƽʳģΪξǱŷĺó԰ٱ
ȵһ̾һ
ʾȵﵹƣȵһһȫȹˣȵԤϣȵϵڶ룬ŷ˾̳
ʹںȾƣСڳ⣬ȵʱһڣd͸ˣͷ⣬ͷһһʧ˾͹ཹཱུˮԵһŲȤ
ССڵسţ֪Ҳһ˶ǡÿӴռϼһ龻⣬Ž
ҳԲˡһ
ͷûأʲôԲˡͲ˵˵ԡ
ֻüѿļ⡣
춼Щʲôʡ
ƽմװһӣѬӵ¯һɣ驺ˣڽ¥ɣ˵˸мʫˡһɵ鱾
ʹ˵ºͺ𣿡
һ£ˡ
ֽأ
شؿʲôֽ
ײϲ֣㡭Ͷ˶٣̾˿ˣմؼ
Щⲻȥ˵Ҫȥһˡ
³еþļӣ˵Ҳûʲô
֮ǰ̲һ㣬һԴ˵ҪҵȢϱˡȵЦ
ͲмǶ˳Ժܻ˶٣
ȵ˵óԵҲ࣬Ȼ˶١
˵ˣͷЩʲôһ𣿳б°ѽ¥ؼ򡪡
ͻû˵꣬Ȼ˵˵ЦЦһЩԼͬͣҵ⡣
һ
ֵܣֵܣ
ȵܵÿ죬Сܵű߿šţɫЩ΢عͷһԲؿ͡
ôˣ
ͷ¿йļӣںҶϲ˲ſڡ
Ҳ˳ȥֻʣdһˣר־سռͷ
˭
ĵذͷ̽ţȻĬˡ
ʮվǰ߰ţ¶Ŵı飬˵
ֵܣǸͶ
лҪ˵v£
֮ǰǧǧҪӰ챾ļӳɼ~

ӭ׽棬ƥ޷Уԣڿڻߴ֣һ׽߶к


22 
ɽ˺
һŷǰʮ, ʮ˻׻վȵЦݵŲˮһһ, õЦڳ
һ˸ߵ⣬ϳݵdһռ, һͷվţǰ
Թ¡ض
Ų, ǰվɫѿ͡
һʲôʡ
ָţһۣϡϳĻͻ
ǡһΣһһŶ, һ´
ľͷҾ߶, ͷôſھҪٰʮӣ
ܡΪõǻƻľɡ
һʲôָڶţ
Ƴһۣ̫ȷ˵ǡɣ
һ, ΪʲôϳͷҪİӣ
ʯƳɵġȻһ㡭
ͳ˼ţϵл
ʲôһ
ҿûһյ, ԡ
չ⣬ҹ, Ҫǻòٸ㿪ʮȴʵҪơõĵ̨ϸѡµĽƵƣֵӲģ²ģ, ĶͲǼ, ί̨
еίˣһڲׯһ, õϼӰɴصԽԽСǹ˵, ͸Ч, Ҳÿ
͵ɫѾڳǲ֪˶õĻҽѡ
ʲôʹӳﳶһӲӵĶһû㡪
ؿһۣŻˡ˵Ҫˣôǰӹˣ
ؿڼһֶ˵ӣĹһߣæ͵ǵǿҵƷҶ˵˲ҪˡǸ㲻辰Ҳѽ
úáߵһţǰ˵⳵ʲô뱲ӵ·𣿡
ôңؾֵֻһ°ˣ
ǵЬô£˵Ҫµظɻ򼾫ôЬ㴩𣿡
꣬ꡭСֹܲܽһ˫ЬӴȹɡ
ͽӶųϵĶصƮߣ󶨸ǰţϡ
ţһͭۿһ˦βߵķɳӬǶôҸӬˣβһ˦ˣҲϣԼôһβͣݵһ˦ǰ˵͡
ʲôҪ˽𣿡Ͳ˼ؿһصİֽ
طɿƳţһۣ΢΢ˣСش͵⣬ȴûüʣ˵ʲôҪ˽ӣ
ǲֽغҲøʺˣ
ֽƨɣ͵ɴ۾ŵĻˣүøʺӣ㾹ȻҪдֵֽƨɣ
˵ֽΪʲôƫҪ˵˵ǸɫԽԽ졣
УֽҪҧгݵиʺΪʲôãֲǹĻʺ
УҪؼ̬ȼҲ˲ˣſǻ˵ƨۣƨɶƤˣɱңҲøʺˣ
һֽϣ˫ִ󿪣
ҲûвֽȻͰһ߰ɣ
վԭأһؿ֪ʲô𣿡
ʲôʵ˸
ͷϿ촰ҧгݵ
ȵĵǶг鶩ӡ
ЩҾߣҴȥҪľģӻƽ˼õĺľͷͷҪǸҸӲľȥҴ͡
˭ŵӹŹŪӣȥӹ°ѷ۸ң۵Сȥ棡
͵·䣬Ϸ׷׳֣ǲĵĸ뿪ڣһ۵˦˹ȥһûƽǺŪŮ˵¡ôţŲˣҲļҳˣ
вʵĵĬĬͷ
˰Σֵ¥ţͺõţ
·ЬԼȥѡһĲҪŤͷ۰Ͱżţء
ز鲻Ըǰųϵ²֡
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ѼѼ
ȥһЬţǺõһֽ
վһֽǰ뵽ԼҪøʺӹԼƨɣˢ
ĸΪʲô˼ܿడ
С복ȥһͷӡ
õƹɫһذһԵĲ˻ĵĽѵؿ
һ⻰صֹסˡ
ֻҪֽڣϣͻڡ
֮󣬾ǽ˵ʱˡ
ͺ߽ݣκ󣬺˳ŶӵǰǮ
ϰ幧ϲƣ´õĵЦסӤȭͷСһӣ˳ûٳûϰ壬㡭ְ
õϰٴηڴﳶĺƹͶȥĽʵ
ţ½ԶȥˣغһͬԶȥţǸ˼ôһǿʧӣһǿʧȥĻƷ
ͱ֣תͷء
ƨֽҸˣԵҲ˲١ĿҪٸһˡ
ˣˣæҡͷԲˣ
ׯϺӲûˣһȥׯ˵
Ͳ˵תԺš
ߵӽĲ°һС̳ӣ涼ǳþսң˲Ƶӣԭװȴֻʣ¼
ſ̳˼ʱȵ
Ҫôණ
ˣǮûǡ˵ԩҾǼӵģûǸȴԼˡ
ȵЦеҿ类˵ͦĵġ
Ƥˣһ۵ɨȥ
ȵο粻ô룬ֵܸս꣬绹˵պҪ£ȢҲһԸˣ
Ƥˡ
ͼջȵ磬һ̵ܳ˳
շæܵҾһˡ֮յܵݺأ
ڳһᣬⲽҵ⡣
ء
ûϰΪÿͽҡȻǴڴ϶Դᡣ
̾˿ߵβ¡ط˸ú󱳶ߡ
Ӷûޣʲô˵
ʲôÿ޵ġ
ϾҪȢ˯εĹؼңܿޣ
ΪЦ˵ûҪ𴲽Ρ
һöлˣ˵˵
Ҳض
ֱۣ׾پͰӴ
ȴȻϿ˫峺ںڵ۱ˮϴӣϻմų飬ÿգۣͻ˸һΣңԡһμۺᣬʧؿΨһûȥһ
ǳˣûпȥ
ǰôģΪʲôһһζûбīմȾ
˵ҪģҶ㡣ڡ
̧ͷʵʲôʱ򣿡
ʵѾûôҪЩˡЩٺãܱȵ֮ģ޷ǾͲӣԷ˵Щô
룬Ҳǹȥʺʽˣ۶ʾ̫࣬Ϊ˵ѾǸˣһƽӣôһӣһԸأ
οȻûܸҪģҲǰûеġ
ʱܱ˰ο£شǰ붼ûԭһԼѹʱһ壬ѹô׾ͻˡ
Ժ󡣡úɵ˵еģ㶼С𣿡
ؿ۾͵۾ɣġôһأ
Сгɾͣôĳɾͣڸǰֵһᡣ׷ϣĳѾһҪģˡ
Ȼȴ˵ͷ̲סЦˡ
㡣
С˵һͣ
ʲôɻۡ
Уһ˶͵͵ޡʲôңܽĸܽ취
һ㶣Ϊʲô
ش˫ϡҰƤůůģεǰ
Ǹϡ


23 
ڶ峿, Ϊׯ˻һϴ֡
ʱ̯ĳʳӺܶ࣬ʹ, ѡһҽСë桱̯˹ȥ̯СС£Ѿ, Ҳͨõȥ
ԭϵˣҲ˵, Ծض룬Էɢϡ
һƨ£ͷش˸, ̵Ų˹ȥ, Բܺܺõϰ͵Ķɡ
ëͷ档ͺ
Ͼ¯ǰæϰͷҲ̧
¯ˮð, ϰ˵ϾȻϾ, һˣõŵ, һϰΪ͵Ĳδ
λ͹ãϰϵֲֽ˲֣ЦǺǵػ¯ǰ
صעⱻմ۵ֽˣɫζȫ淴ûע⡣
ȳԡͰݸ
ԥؽӹˣǰ, ǰֵȴֽ
òʶ֪ʲô, һԼɢһĵ˵ͱ۾԰, Բġ
һԼ˼빤, ۾һ, üͷһһ׳ʿı飬ϸȥ
ͷմ֭ۡ
;Ļ׳һ˵ûɣ棬СʱԵĶ
ŵؿƽƽϸ棬ּһ̣֭꣬Ȼסһˣ˳
ڸʲô˵
氡˵
ͻͷؼĳַҪdȵǰ棬ֱӰͷ룬ôû뷨ϴǴĪòᡣ
һؾˣŹؾľһͷִСŽ
ľ֭ȫȫƷζˡ
һѣΪʲôôζ
ɲͨ档һҪʮģͱ̫ˡ˵ʱʾļ棬ʱҪϽһ±
سԾؿô֪ʲô
ϹӶ֪ʲô˵
Լ˼ѵôö
иëʲô壬ڹʱĿĲʳ䣬ǳԱǺϵĲ͵㵥ÿ£ÿζûԱÿζԲꡣ
ε棬úóԣҲǰ룬Եһ룬ˣò硣
ֳԱˣ˵
ҡҡͷԱˡ
ԱҡʲͷͶ˵׳ûԱ
£Ҳ֪ӴѪҲ˼ʲôҪֵ˵ͷ˵ĳԱˡ
θţùʣ棬ھͰ˸ɾҲһȹˡ
ֻʣҲվ𣬼Ҳߣæ˵˸ˡ
µһᡣ˵
ϰˣЦе˵û⡣
̺߳Ͳ˵ͷأŲǮ
Ϊʲôɻ
Ǯ̫ˡ
ʲôɣ
ĺɰװʲô
ͿһۣʲôУûǮ
ضϼӰֵĲׯһ߽;ͺϰأϺӲ
һ̴ĸ˴߳ͺͷأЦʲô磬ˣ
ϺӲǲҪˡ˵
ϼӰɣЦ˵ˣҲֻһӡⲼ˱˰ɡ
͵ͷ˵ǿ鲼ҪˣҲõĺòһıӣϲĶȥ
һţҪˡЦſأ˵ɲŮòϲıףҶȻƯƯ
лˡ
ûʲôׯƽҲܹĲչˡ
ϼӰɵ˵ˣЦ˵˲ٽ¥翴ǲׯѣȻûн¥󣬵ǵĲ϶ǼõģҶ绹Ӿдһԭ¾£幤ϵɣڶѻϸ㰲ţٸգͲ֪Ҫŵʲôʱˡ
ر˵Ķ뵽ͼҾҪܾѾڣǾͿɣʽĶ
˰ׯָһŹȹ¼˵³ʽѡĸʽĳߴ綩ҪļҲԽԭѵĻϸġ
Ϳأѡɡ
ԥˣǡ졭
¥ǳ˲¹ͷĵطͨ·ô󣿡˵߼ѣڲ߼ڲ򣬿ѡ
һڲæǰѡ˵Ĺڲǹڲ򣬼Ȼˣԥʲô
ׯǿʽǲϣ¥һ㣬һ㣬װо˸ϸѡЩ׹ʱĻʽصڲϵѡϣòףѡ߼ǿܹĿȹ
ѡĶɫôѡɫѻŴ˺ĵ
ؿһۼϵ·Ҷ࿴ɿջߡ
ˡ
㲻ϲɫģʡ
Ҳǡ
ϲϲϲǲϲʲôҲǣߵר޳ȹһżǰһʯȹҲԡ
Цֵ۹⣬˵Ⱦ׶һֻ鲼Ⱦ׺ȾüãȾɫ·һ֦׺ʯҡ
Ŀ⣬͵ҡͷ
ҲҪ
㲻ϲʡ
ҡ˵
ߴߴɵĥˣ˾֪ϲϲͰȹȥ˳
ƵرѼϼܣȻʯȹ
ȹӻˣȴҳţ̫ͭСҲû֪ԼǺݡúͲͷأƤ𣿡
ĥĥ˳ȥ
ôͰ͵˵
ؽ͵񣬾͸һ˲ߡ
Ϳǰأʵڸ㲻Ϊʲô֮ǰɫһĶ쵰ģɫѩףЦʱĿԣ紺
ʯȹϣĿƻ𣬶ҡ
ÿԽԽûˡ˵˲ƫҪҡ
ÿʹĻ˫ֱӶܺÿ
ģشסˡ
ǰѺÿˡ˵ѡϲģ˺ÿ򡣡
õ֮ĻشزǺߵ¼ǰ˷ܵһɫѡѡȥ
ÿѡһҪŤͷһͣΣ
ϲͺáһʼ˵
˵ǸѣֲǸѣԼϲҪʲô
ϲͿ𣿡
źÿ£ѿҲ£ʲôϵȻϲͿˡͺȻһ٣ۻĿϣ˭˵ʲô


24 
æҡͷû˭˵ʲô
㴩·, رƨ¡˵Ժ㣬봩ʲôʹʲô˽ʲô
һ԰ǻǰ, Ůӳ޴ӷδ, 봩ʲôʹʲô
︹̣δ򣬿ء
ͷҫ, гһռ˸㣬ֻķݡ
͵£ذ߼Ѷ޵ɫ, ЩĸĽҲûдɫ, ߳ׯʱúͨͨġ
˰ɣ˵
ˡЦش
͵а취ˡ
ͻȻ˴ǰĻ, ̲סʵչ˹ׯʲô
ѾѾãͷϵ˶ȡ, ͵ʲôŵõǵغ̣
еԼ
ʶɫ, ˵ʵʶȤز׷ʡ
뿪ׯԭΪؼңȴ෴ȥ
ȥĶʡ
ûԵˣҪȥ׺͹ߡ˵
ڹ˳ʳʱ, ԭæĳʳӶ, ϵŵִ߽𽥱࣬ʱʱܼҰſߺȵͯӡ
ؼһż, Լֻͯ, һʿɰ, óͭһ£һŲƮƮ
ͲʱͷһۣΡ
ؾԼڵģһɵû취ˣôҲû뵽ӳݵĻʹô˵һ졣
ʲôص۾ֱһ̯λʹ𻰾һ˹ȥ
㲻̯ӵ̯Ӿһŵĵ£һλŤŤٵϣǰһСӣֻС룬ÿﶼһɫ߽һƣΩΩФˡ
ʮΧߣԵϵָָ㣬ߴߴ˭Ǵǣ˭Сǡ
㶼ûߵߡ
ȷʵû˷ܵߣ˶Ǯһ
ʮһ˵
һ𣿡ʡ
̧ͷһۣǿԣҪҰͷЩꡣ
ػû˵Ѿǰˡ
ʲô󣬻ȥ͸һ
ôһ
ôһˣ·ϵˣ˲£һȥˣ͹ˡ
Է´ˣСҲֻܲ鲻Ըرߡ
׵꣬ףСһڴӦԶḶ́ѡһЩʵ߲͵ȥ
ͽߵϰ壬˵һᣬȥȥͻء
ҪȥĶʡ
һе¡ͱؾʲôˮãµᡣ
ϰЦӦˣسԵµˡһע⣬Ѿڳ˵š
͹ȥΨһһҩ̡߽õ£һƨ˿ľϡ
ʲôʡŰƴ̧ͷͣɫȥȥϷ
Ҿġ˵
ʲôëƴ´ǿźĳڻ͸ˣ
šŨüʲôʱĳˣ
ϴİٶʮծһ⣬ֻʣʮˣ˵ǲǺĳ
ҪûңʮزҰ׷ǷȴҺĳԺԼȥɡ
Ϸϸ첲ȵģԼȥ뺦Ϸ򡣡
ⲻ͵ˣǮҳҺӮʲôã
˰ˣǸϵģϷ˵ƴ˴ӣ˵㵽ʲôë˵ɣ
ҡͶ˶٣˵δӡ
סǹƴе۾ˣҲǰǵһʶػصüһϷΪҪҵˣû뵽һֱӳס˵ɣǹôˣ
Ե١˵
ҶԵ١
Եú٣һ涼ֻܳ԰롣
ë棿Ǹȱļһһ涼Բ£ȷʵԵú١ƴ˵ͷô
̫鷳ˡ˵׼ߴߴɣ˵ԼͳԵòࡣ
ͷô
ƨֽϣһҪƨֽͬӣ˵ǳá
ȲһͲͨ˼ҳģԲʳҲ֮СƴҡҡͷʿʼдӣҸһθҪɷ÷ζûȥãһշΣһһ롣
˷ӣ͵ǰҩ߳ʱҩĺҶ
һôذѿθҩȥһ̷ȥ
ţ·ǰ̯
ΧߵСǶɢȥˣʱֻʣһ˰Ūϵˡ
ͿŲڵϵĸɫˣĲмĶʲôõģӶҪˡСʱҲûбֺСƭ
߹̯ŵϵˣŲԽԽ
ֵܻˣ߿¶һ΢ЦС˵ģ
ʲôƭһͭ塣θɴؾܾ
͵ĺ˹˵
š

߹ﶼ챻˳ƶˣ١˼Ҷظһξŵ浭ҩ㡣
˭ˣ
˭û͡
ʲô
»ʪ÷
÷ذȣʣϺ𣿡
ȥþͺȡ
ػΪ÷ˣͺȻԵһֻľƬϵˡ
˴ʯɫĺȹĶ쵰ϣһ˫ִֺ۾ųԾء
ģ
ġ
Ϊʲôҳһ
Ҫȥʶ˵ˡͣͣ˵˵Сˡ
˵˵һģͿȥʲôҲûУƴĸо
ĶģϲţϲͶˡĵ
ҲĹĵذ˲ؽӡϲ
û˵ȻӿŲǰ˼
ôʲôе
ҡ˵
׷ȥ
ЦʲôЦǲЦң
ʲôʱЦˣ顣
ͿЦˣ
˳ֵػؼҺȥ˳æٳʱһںڵ֭
ˡ˵
سԾؿĴ룺ҺȲôࡣ
ȶ١
غĿڣˣ뿪룬ֱ֣ס
ٺȵ㣬ٺȵ㡭
ƭӡ࡭
һתۣĴֻʣ÷װģĺھ볷ߣذڳϣʣ°÷ǿй
ء㡭࡭
һ÷¶Ǻת˯
ȥʱ÷Ŷӣֻƽűۣһ˯ѺصĶȥˣͬʱյģһ˿
ÿ߳ͻ«ϯ˯ڳҳԼ˺ɣ驣ˮϴһƴװصݡ
ͻάǰĶʬƵһ
ȥ⣬Ź֡


25 
ǰ, ѰƤװ仨շ紵С׻Ȼɫ, ʧȥʻĹƤ黨, ѩعƵĺá
һ߳ԣһ߸ⴵĴ÷硣ͷ, ½̫ںδոɽ, Ĵҵֽеˣ
Ҳ, ᲻Ѿˣ
뾩ǵѾûлٻ꣬ɱգ
еĵ, ȴʣʵУƽ徻ͷͬľ, һ
ʱ, ܻصǸ
㷢ʲôʹ«ϯһһ߻ͷ
ʱԺﴫ
磡ãȵе
æӭӣȻװְõԺ㵹ϴ»صݡ
ȵdѾԺ, dۼ, һۿϵˮŲԥ˺ɣȥȵվ, ҵĺҶ, ˵
, ҴţҸ¶һ֡
سԾٸǲɱţ𣿡
ȵһԾˣ߻ʵԶģ˾һ˭ţ⣿
鸴ӣԭʵպ͹Աʵʩġɱţ˷ܣеֻõȥأ
ͷ𣿡ͽӹȵĺҶ
ͷˣ
ӣˡ
ҲԶȥͷȵ˵
ӱǵ򣡡d³һƤϣϿߵǰdǰ˵
Ϊʲô
ڵûӱԣ
dһƤ
ȵߺûãضҾߵľѧͽΣ´
˵˻ƻٴļҾȻû֮ǰĺãµļӴȻ㣬´ֿȵΪ֨ѽ֨ѽˣľ䲻ǶãҲǿ⣬·ᣬɼˣľṤͬʱʵȺĽ
ܵ˵ȻǷǳ⣬Ҳˡ
ԷΪϲdϵԺȥɣ驣ͷó͵Ѿõʡ
̫ûд֣һˮñʼպˮдһƪҹ˼
дһ֣ʫƪĵһѾʼʧ˼ľ䣬ۿһᡣ
Ķıʣֱߵ¡
زǳɵذ
˱īֽʱ͵͵һ֧ͺü֮ǰ˵Ϊ˸ʱã㲻һ֦дְɣ
Ͳüëչ
˵һˣǼ˵һ֧ʣһΪء
Ĳܵشؿǧ˶٣дд
˶٣ͳǣмһЦ飬һҸһӡ
ز̶̼ʱܴäǧĲʿ˵ǧ֣дд
ʾдǧȻŤŤôʻȷṹȷһʣҲûһʡ
زа˵ס
պպˮддʱͣƬ̣ظҪЦ˵󻰣д˺ıʻ
صɴ۾ֿûд
⣬ɵĶһ̣˵ɣʲô
ı
дˡ
˹ܰ
Ƕˡ
ŵؿʲô
д˶Դͺԥ𱰡
ˣ
˿
һ䣬;䶼Դ
ȥ͵βͶҪ̵ȥˡѹоȣһӿɽҲȻûʲôֻ֣ҪŬܲ׾ġ
ӻû֣Ͳˡ
˭ˣصµһȣȷ㲻׿ԽǧĬдһҿ
һдһʣµһ
˴֮ˣµߵķ̣˵
µһǵة֮ӣʫģʮӰټңСС;ͱʰԶ˲Ǿžޡ
æ͵пһۣۿʫģʮӰټҵģ
ǵûС
ǸϣʲôʲôţͷӵѸԳƴеһˣ˭˭ùͲмس˳ǣϹһƲϲ覵ˣСҥαװ
˵Ǽ˼ҡ
ҼʲôӶʶüͷΪ˵ôûǲϲ
˵ʲôػعԼ˵̫࣬æԽȻҪΪ˵
ͰŰɵؿ
Ϊתעȷѵ̫ѿˣҪôȥԶҲдϵ̨֡
ҪôͿϸһּ
ҪдĺÿһҪȡ˵Ҫȣֵʱϰɳͻ°빦
ӣһɡЩɱϰɳ
ǲԸ¿๦ģɻڴˡ
˵ϹԽ˵ԽҲ֪ǲΪƤȳǽദˣƤҲԽԽơ
㲻žˣ֪ĸӣйлǣʱ϶ɳ
ϹɣӲŵġ͵ͷȥд֡
һödӶɣ驷Ž
ٽ˵
ز㱻öɣǺ
ʲô
ǰɳٽ̧ͷ
أ

һ٣ǲʢʱ
ȵչ֣һζ˱ǵţ⣬׵ͷڵˣһ÷dһʱһţʣͷֻʣһͷҲdʢţĴŽ֭˸ɸɾ
㷹ֵȥ˺ԺصģҲֹ֪Щʲô͵һֻϧ̼ͻæýŲմأֻЪ뷨
ĺԺֵܶ޵ϴԡ£ء
Ҳ˿̿࣬ǲٽˡ˵
˵ҲȲ̸γͷأȵͷͬ
ЩͰҲϰѵʮʮ𣿡˵
Ǳ½ϲٲԴԴϡȵƨȻǰõġ
Ҳϰ󣬻Ҫϰdһ󣬳˯ȡͳ˵㡪
磡ȵŰСҲǷϰ
ǰҲûǿ㣬ڲУҪлԵҲȲԺȥС´󡣡˵Ҳ֫ˣͰȣµʱܿһ㣬ں߳˵˵ķ²
ȵ˵Ҳɳˡܵٿ죬е˵ܵÿ𣿡
Ͱߴߴʲôһڲȵ󡣡һʱϰģúӶ
ȵɥӦˡ


26 
ؾԼʳ, Եñƽն˲٣ҲЩˡ
ĥҲļڣô˯Ѷ, Ҳأ
Ψһҵ, ֹһ˷ֵܱ, ķֵһᡣԴdһٳʮȭͷͷ;Ͳ÷ˣdֻʹ, ȴΪ
ʵ, غԼǷ÷øȡʵ̫ˣκÿǶ, һȥҽ, һҲù
Ѯȥһ, ˶һȦ
ͼǰɳļ⡣
زұ粵ÿÿʱתƻ⣬ֻϣⱲӶҪйˣ֪ǵĹǸɳ֡
һ֪࣬һꡣ
Խ֪, ͻԽҡ
ؽΪ, Ҳǣÿοɳ, ֻ¶ֲʧòļЦ
һ, ÿ߳, ֿǰˮ֣صɳѹдֵǰϣߵۿϵһһȵд
ôͷҲر֪󣬹ȸԾؾ˿̵ӣЩ˼Ĳɣ
ˣǺţҲ˵׼ȱ㻹ŵ㡣
ͬؿĺף˵Ҽˡ
ϾҲûɳֵɵˡ
ǵȻͷ±ʣɷؿ㲻˭
һòļЦתͷԼԼȥˣֻʣͣ²ϰд֡
ϴͷҲ̧ذסдһ֡
дʲô˹ȥ
ϲ֡˵
ز뵽ǵĻ£űʣסˡ
㲻᣿ͺɵؿ
һᡣ
պպˮ̵дһϲ֡
𽥳͵ϲ֣һ뵽͵Ļ¾﷢дϲֺѱʻͣóʳΪɣ첽ݡ
ڳҵ˷ļͷѩ׵ͷ¶ȣһ룬ֻһ߳ڳſڰ̾˹س˰ͷ
Ѿųˣѵʱڵ
ңͺ˵һδεߵˣ¾ûô˵ˡ
ҳˣ·Ժﴫ͵æӦһûһᣬԺ°ؼ̾
˼ȥֻмһ·ߣػصݣܵ˼Ŷ½Ŀ־壬ֵسԺ
壬ֻʣϰˮͺϵʡ
ֲʰ
ֹţߵǰҪʣȴϼǧͬˡ
ϲֱ鲼⻬棬дǰߵѾɣдںߵԴˮ⣬ǧŤŤϲһ뿴иĳ󷨡
ؿſţЦˡ
ɳʲôãóĻǳ󰡡
Уͯĳ֣ƫƫɢĲ
˽˽Դһ棬˽³һ棬˽һ棬˽һ档ǰϲһ͵ǰ
ƺҲûʲôɺµˡ
ǸȨ֮ƣǸ۸̫ӻϣҪ̫ӴĹͷ
صǾÿȥҲ죬ڿԺϴһԼѣĵ׵һ˿ԥҲˡ
Ÿ裬ϴץһʪѶŬ˦
˶ݡ
Ӵ
ˮžһ˦صĿɢ
ؼУ͡
쵰ȻšѾˣ

ңʹ˸硣
ԱܵdŤͷһۣ硭ˡ
˵Ϊ̫ܵϵĺˣһɲҪ𣿡
Һܡû򣬾򡭡dֹ
ߴߴɣܿ㣿һųdƨȥdһǰȥʮɳ֡
ͷŲȵ
ԼٻӰ٣
ʹġȵ¶һȿ޻ѿЦҡҡλεؼǰȥ
Χ᰺һȦ˶󺹡ò׵յ㣬ȵ泯ȥһֻʣظɿ
d᰺ӱߣˮȵù˹ˡ
վںӱӭźӷ磬ѵϵ㣬ɳһ˺
ιˮɽһ׳ļںˮɳӿĺˮסĴ˫磬˻ǰɫηǱԨ֡
һϴһΣʱ󣬲һʹ˰һȫʪͷҲµˮ
ˮ˳ڵĽë£գգְۣںڵʪĨԺһƨϰһ̦Ĵʯɹȵ̦޺ϣĵظӭĺӷ硣
ĳϣһԡѪսۣһԲ̬ɢĿȴġžͷһߵĵط°ܽһɲԶϡ
磬ʲôʱ뿪ͷأȵڵϣ죬ʵȴǸʮԶ͡
ڲǺʵʱͷҲء
ʲôʱźʣ
һʵ۵ʱ򡣡ͼһöʯӣȥۺԪ۲һ¾Ҳˡ
ʯӵںԶȥʮȦˮʯû˹᰺С
ȵ˵ȵݼʧģԪѾϭģӦĵطԱ޼ռݾǵۣԭǸֲʶũ񣬾һֻԵİߵ㲦󣬺ͨ顣ɹͶԽԽ࣬ĵط뾩ܲԶܳôûӦֱã˽֮ӡ
ʲô֮ӣЩƭ˵ͷ¶̣£ҲŪ֪֮콵ͷ
缴㲻ŪЩƭ˵İϷҲѾǲȵЦ
ȫˣӲӵĹأһ˿
¾ʯ¿㴩ϡ
ȵҲӵ߿ʯͷѾd˵½ɻʲôҪܵģ
ȥϰɳһһȦ
ȻõܵЧ͡Ҫʲôˣˣ
Ķɡš˰ѷβˮ顣Һͷﶼ˵ˣмæ׼硣
ôˣ
šʪͷڵŮһӾͳһף໨ǮҲûʲô
ȵЦ˵պɻڴĻЩүһҹҹɣþͲһˣⱲӣĻֻܸһκͷ
ˡüͷһ壬˵һߴߴɾ͹ͷۣ㻹Ҫм鷳
˵ôպܾ´ҵĳλȻһԲԸˡȵϧֻϧԽձ˵ȵ۵ʮ棬Խɫá
۳ȥ
ȢԸϴκ˵˵ΪҪȥԺһûˣӶ˲
ܵҲ˵ˡȵָһס촽Ķʵûţ̲סֿڲһ䣺ֻܵû뵽ôء
һ۵˦ȵ촽ҡͷʾĲ˵ˡ
һȥط˵
ȵ˿æʣȥʲô
¥ϲ


27 
һת, ʱ³塣
ڼ˵İ£¶ش˽¥Ĵ£źб´, Ǹ˸ͷ
־Ҳ
οԼֻȨ֮ƣĳ, ȻҲ
ӴĿ־, ĻЦԵôңԶ, ɤҲİ
ƭأ񸸻ƭĸһ
ֻƭ, Զ˳, ôǷϯһɢ, ͻ¶Ŀ
Ҫ, ʲôֶΣ
ĸıԺ֮ȥĸĽչʾ˻ԼǶôµ, , Ըȥ, ҲΪ˭ޡ
ԽԽ£̲סͷ£һļڿŸоһ㡣
⿴һ, ӰζЦϣϣĥһЩ, ϣϯܳȥ
СԺϯ, ĿյҲûŹ
dŹѾ˯, ȵһͨǸڻ߿
һžϴ󣬾Ѳ֪˶٣˫Ⱦ죬½΢ɢȣɫηҲˣ˫ȴƽȡ
ڱ͵У鷿
´ϵ
͵գ֪ʱһ̳Ҿƻ졣
ףɩӰúϣӣȵϲһԲһѰ
ԲĹԲͱİٺϸɽӶ£ֵͷϣιԲԼͷϣȻЦúϲ£졣
ӵĸͷ
ͽӹ˵һ⣬Сڸͷϣ˶٣˸ͷ
޶Ŀĸͷ£һſ޻˵
ٿȻһ˵ЦԼͬͣˣ
ž˺ܾãҲֻǶ̶һ˲
ϵЦʧˡ
ͷˣǻʲô붴
һ㶵γѣ׷˳̨׶£
ǾǣʣµľСˣǳȥȾƣ
ҽ첻ȵ㣡
һɢǳĬȥľƴơ
ȵȴһԲĬĬعšֻʣغͶˡ
֪Լıͳ˴ŭԼڹؼʱ̵ᣬֺ;ͷ˵ᶯִ
Ȼֻת뿪ң߳ݡ
Ҳ֪Լһʧ
̫³ˣֻҪ뵽֫Ӳѣûͷһסᣬס˫ȣŶŬ
ǳԼ˭ʹࣿ
һˣĴǰӣ˼ˣ˵ûЩʲôǿŮϷ롣ʹûǿȹ
ǰûбԼ¡
̫ˣ̫ˡһ뵽ʺĸǰ֮ͺ³ףˡΪʲôӦ޸͵ѽ
Ըͷȥӣڻü
ؾԼһУ̲ס
ݵĿһˣһϤĽŲ˻û̧ͷŲͣǰ뿪ڵǸſڣȴֻ
͵̾Ϣͷ
ţһֻȵĴְմˮ
ͶڴǰεؿһŴʪĸɾӣһһ£׾ȴزϵˮͻױݡ
ϲӣʲôޣ˵
ػش⣬ֻǿޣһ߿һ߶Ĳá
ܽ͵ĺ⡣
һѰסĺף޴ɶ㣬ֻܱؽֽϲȥ
㲻ҵ𣿡غòײŴӳɤＷ仰
Ͳæ͵еذһۡ
ˡ
ôң㲻𣿡
˴ϣҲŮˡ˵
ǣǴϰ
ǸϡͺȻ֣ɿͷϵһ¡ˣˡ˰ɣ
ãȻڴϣӡ
ҲдĴָʳָͷᵯһ£ûĸء
Ĳ𣿡ʡ
ôô⳥ңһۡ
سĬһᣬҵˣܶǮ
ֲȱǮ
ȱʲô
ǰȱŮˣ˵ڲȱˡ
Ҹˡصֺˡ㶪ˡ
üͷһšٸԼ㲻͵˼ӵôöģ
Ĳ𣿡ʵ
ôߴߴͬһ仰˵ҪҪԵ㶫
ҡҡͷտ޹һһʳҲûС
𣿺ȲѾʡ

ᡣ
ʸƨ
ס죬ۿٴη졣һͷ۵ı飬ֽ۾ϰҵڣҵĿǣˡ
ֽҰζסıϢغ˭ƨ
Ҵȥһطȥȥ
ʲôط

ûⱲδϼµĻᡣ
Ҳû뵽֮ҹᴩż£ɷҹӡ
ͷֱۣԺʣҹɫннԶǰԺıһ֪
ʹȥģһʧ޵ݡ
ֻסҴСǽѾ˴룬ߺ͸ɵ«ݣӴ󿪵ݶ˽ȥһؤм˵ݡ
ʹǰߣǰԶĵطһƬľΧӳЩľΧฯ಻۶һ룬ںĳСһ֦ҶïĴΧߣΪƬڷ絲ꡣ
֮ؾͻĸпûü˵ѾΧߵĴŴϿɣ¾͵ɷֲĵط
һŲŲͷ֡

ô
Ŀɿڴ
һ˵ҽ㡣
ҲУػŵҡͷ
֣һֱûջȥ
㲻ԣô֪ԼвУ˵
ԣҲ֪а
ĸ㣬ܴŷӵļ
һֱƽģҲһֱûջء
ĵص
Ѿ˱ڴζû֮꣬ᱻһڴ
ȻӦڴ
زڴֶ˶Űеֻ֣ôֶֻûջȥ˼
еԥŰֶֻ𽥵ȥ
֡
һԭͣڰյֺȻ
סص֣һֱֻۣһؼһ˫ʶϲȥ
ȵɣ͵İ£æҵվɷֲĵط
ɣÿһͻͷһ
͵ϲһֱǰεû̫Զ˲ŶʱԶĽŲ
ڣ˶
ڴ׳֦ѱëëʪһˬҹϮµļƷ˿ǰ裬ؿű͵أؿＤĶһ
Ҳû˵˾Źҹɫ
ҳĵطú˵
Ǽתͷߵˡ
¡˵Ѽ


28 
Ǹ¶, 㲻֪ĸ˭Ҳ֪ԼӺζ
ҹ粻ص䷢Ҳ޽ǵ鷢
ĺڷӳںڵ, ҹɫأز֪ʲôӳֻ֪ʱ˿, ˫һɷ۾¶һĨȻ
˵ͷصʱ, Ѿˡ, Ҳ͵, ʳģû˭͵͵, һۼֿ, ۼֿ͵, һףٿ, Ҳ뿿˵ĵˡһϳ, Զͻǳ, á㣬ߣֻǴǰ·ҲŹ㡣
յͷ, һʼ͵ԵģǺ͵ˣ͵, ϻʱһһ, һ, ߹Ҳˡ
̲ס׷ʣЩҴģ
ؤǴġ˵ʲôطҲһ󵽣ؤҲˡ
Щ곤ؤÿնһ͵ǮʳһɨգûĶܽ⣬ǾͻȭߣȡֵɳһΣֻĸͭ壬Ǿʹҵ߹ǡ
Ŀת･顣
ҿѪڽգõſڣƴҡԸҲԸؤˡͶ˶٣Ŀת²ΧҳѼʳ˯ѼѼ˵ηʱҺѼӼһȡůǴûңҡ
Ѽҡ˵
صۿ
ǰֻ侲ĹȥϲޱˣΪԣЩֻѾȥ࣬Ƕضԣȴƶխûһء
Ƭ̫أƬ̫Ţο죬߹أճɳΪյģ
ҾһεϾϿԸղҲָ·лҾҪʲô˵Ҫһ֡
˼Ҷòã˵޸ĸ£ѼȺӻˣͰɡԺұ֡
߰߹ǵǸؤʮΧңˣһš˵˶࣬ǸֻһˣҲԣӮӡ
תͷ۵һ
ʲôޣ
صĿǻĻβϵϳܡ
ӵ£ʲô
Ҿܡ˵Ȼص˵ȡ
ؿâ˸
ϡ˵ˣ
ʮ
Ҳ֪ҶˣǶʮһǶʮӻͳһɫĶǰչơ
ؾȵգգʵ۾ǡ
һֱеĶ˵ǸңǫiֻǱʾʱ򣬲ŻҲҵĸҵĻҪȥǡ
īiһɫõİƣɫȻʱĦ
Я֮ĳȻ
ȻٲΣǸ˵һһiֻбϾ֮ʱiŻΪͳ
زԸο˵һʵһأ
ʲôͳ
һȱڵİ뻷񡣡˵
еīiԳһЦֻһ顣
˵СʱŪˣ˵ǡؽʾ֭ذο
ذοҡʹĻ˵ұûڵ뷨ңǵʧ
ԭΪģ˿̲ΪЦ
ͣҪ˵ͬ飬ҲͬԼ
ҡԥԥؿˣұ˽ɷǣẦ𣿡
˭ô㣿
˹˼ԣֵܽЩﰵĳ
ܶˡ
ڷƨͺԥҪɷǣôûǿ
ֿʼЦոıɢ
Ϊʲôô㣿
ߵýˡûк³૵
˵˵
ʱһŮ㽻á
빬ˣ
ػæ˵ͷɰʵף˵
û꣬Ϊ͵ĸӣˡǰҲ϶͵ģҲţ͵ģˡ
ʲôϵ˵ǹģֻǸСŮôϣ
ʮʱ򣬹ŭգ˷Ľһꡭ
Ľʲôϵ㲻Խ𣿡
ҡԽסڹȻҲסڹҲҵİӡ˵Ľ󣬹˵Ҳùһµ̶ҶչˣԺҲˡ
ʲôˣ
һɫ̫Ҫȥûþͱĥˡ
أ
ʮʱҽһѣһ
Ůѣ
ǼҿѪɡ˵һΣ˵ҳ棬ûסջ󣬴Ӧǳȴ⵽˷ͽܣȻ󱻾ȳˣȴԣ˵ʧһԶˣȥɽߵԶϣһû˵ˡ
ʵҺġ
һͷذӴһƻ˱Ǽɬ
˵Ǵϣ㻹ͲмЩ£һͭĹϵԼԼ𣿻ɷأҪɷǣҾ̫׽ǡԿ
㲻˵һŵס졣
һ¼žһĿתؿ
ıϢײģһ͵ջ֣¶Ȼߡ
Ͼ˺һᣬֻзڣ
˵Ҳˡ

ûͷûԵһ䣬ɻȥ
ûпǿŹޱߵҹɫ˵ҵҲӲҲˡ
򵥵һ仰ȴ˻
˵ȥɡ
á
˻صңѾȥȵԺʰøɸɾֻһƾڿС
ػң͹һᣬһССľϻ˽
ǰľϻؾȿװżӣһ㣬һԶΡ
ҸļױúţҪáͰľϻŵ
شؿû˵ɷױĵ
Ķӣѿڶ
ġͶ˶٣˵ɾġ
㲻𣿡
ܰӰͲܡ˵ҪˣӲ׽ȡ
¶飬ͳ˳ǡ
ţ˵ʲô㶼ţǸϡ˴ϣӲŮˡ
С˵dȵ򡣡
˽ҡͺȻ֣ķ٣ԼԼˣһ죬˯ɡ
İĸشԭأֱͷĴ뿪ҲûӦ
һʼǸˣҲûôڣãͱøá
ϴϺȵ´ţԺҲҪͺһ㡣
ͷûãµʹÿ߽һƨɼ˯мأĿɿڴı飬˳ȥ
㡭ʲôڽ䣬Ͱ͵
˯㲻˯𣿡ֱ׳ؿһۣ˵㲻˯ٹȥһ㡣
ҵĴ
ӸǮ
˵ˣ׺㲻ռұˣ
˭ռˣ˵һָͷ𣿵㣬˯ˣռұˡ
㡪
òУȲ´ͰռĴҲôԸϵıӣһƨϡ
ҵıӣ
ͨһӴϹ䣬̧ͷѾѱӹһӼˡ
Ǵ΢Цϴ˴ϡ
˯ˣɱҡ
ȥɣ㣡
˵׼ϾӢֶ𡭡
ޣ㲻Ҫ


29 
߶˸, һʼ˯ȣһûñŤһƽȵĺ
ĺԼø˯˹ȥ
̤ʵΡ
ڶ, , Ѳڴϡ·, Ͳ, ӣЯѾõķƲ˷ϡ
ӣ;ʹԺ˽
ϴú, ǰ, ͽ⿪Ҷ, ҵһӵݸ
һȥ, ֭ˮ磬㽻֯һ˲ɢǻ
ļҵİӣʡ
ġͷɱ, ʹ˰ſڡ
Ϊʲôӣ
֮ǰ, ͵˶, Ұһġ
ƶǶ˵ͷҧһİӡ
һҪȥһˣܻ½˵һ, ڶʳĸ˳ԣ˵ͽ, ΰҲû, ǵЩ
ص˵ͷ, , ˵d㡣
, һȥɣܰ㡣Ȼ֪dܰʲôֱĲӪdߣӦᰲȫࡣֻҪȥƧطͺˣģЩؤҲ̫
ͳĬƬ̣˵㲻õЩؤѲͷˡ
һ㶣ȥĶˣ
ûش⣬ڶҲܿʧ
ȥأ߻ơ֣վ
ùʳȵdԺ⣬ҪܣŲĵȥ
͵ſڣȵһͻʮ㣬֣ʮ㣺ɩӺãɩټ
dȵٺɵЦѧӣҲػ˻֣ټ
δ䣬ͱһƨɡ
ɩӡͳ˵
dƨɣίͰ͵˵ɩӡ
رŪ˸Сȵػ˻֣ڵȴʲôߣԥƬ̣˵
Щ
һЦá
뿪ػʰһһεţǻ飬ŴŹԺš
ҵϼе·ѾԽԽϤˣż·еʺţʺҲ治ɫл
Զụ֪̃˭ͷһƮɢڿ
￲߶ũˣǿأϲʶǣк
ӣȥϸϼ𣿡
ӣľƲ̫óˣ
ӡ
ܳЦӦ
ӡũǹƻʳǵȺˣ׺ݣֲʶʲôҾǾҰһѪڿЩũͣʵºͣ˳ţũȻͬ
µѾþˡ
ԳѾԼĶƫ֪Ǵġ
Ҳͷǿ飬·ĵ
УһַǷ
˶ʢҰݣǲĻǱȴκֲ
˳ŽֵǰȥźǰνȻͬ飬ض¾ÿһ̺;
·ʱdԵӱڵϰƼ£ӴŻŨõ
ͭתײͻţ
۾ͷ
غһţԼڳϵĴ״Цڲͷˣ
ϳһʱϰ
ز˼Цˡ
¶еһΣöˣȻˡϰЦ˵ҵһɱʱҲŵ˯ž
һԳԲЦ˴Ҳŵ˯žʱ򰡣
ȥģ˴Ц￪ЦСԲ˶ߣ
һЦ
ţˣҲһȥ
ʲôУһ趹ĵ̯ǰͣ˽Ų
һ趹Ŀÿǰ涼ʺɫؿı־趹ĸ˼פ㣬Ҫʲô趹
ʲô趹˵
һ趹궹趹ǡһ߰趹ζָ飬ѡһõ趹ʣǮ
һת˵һ롣
ҲСС˽ͷصˣüͷһ壺ô󣿡
󣡡˱ţС۹ãѡõ趹ⶫȻԽԽҲб˵ģ㿴趹ֻҪʮһ룬ǹ϶ۡ
ҿϡ˵
˱һϴ·õģСôۣҪ趹ۺСɾͻˡ
Ϊʲô٣
ȻΪ˷
˷趹Ҳ˵֪趹𣿡
⡭Ҳ˷ֻǡ˽Ͱ͵˵ֻ趹ݵЧãͱõ趹Ҹ˵һΣװ׾ȥ˿ǵļһ
ôأʡ
ҡð˵
Ϊʲôһ㶼˿ǵļغɵؿְߵ
һ˵˵Ļɰ˿ǵļ𣿡
Ҳס

һ˵趹˷һ˵ݣÿ˵ʲôֻԼ񶨡Ȳ˷ҲݡʲôҲûе趹㾹ȻҶӣ
ô˵ʲôöûأð
ֻõ趹趹ʲô𣿡
СӣˡҪ趹ҾһӺˣ˻ֵ
ЧһΪʲôǮһ
ģ
Ҫˣ趹ֻһЧǮȴȫһ
ʮģˣ
ǰƭңҪһ趹
Уҧҧװ趹С´οֱӿô
ʲôʱ򿳼ˣһãȻֻں㽲ƭǲԵġ
趹Ⱥܼĵطȥ˵ũߺȣؿûۣЩ˸͵ģһв֡
ͣһ̯λǰ˵жǮ
ũ̧ͷһۣ硣
ʵľ硣Ǻ
磬ڽһ⣬Щסϵ˶֪͵ϱһЦʺãһ߱ƽ׽˵ļǮ
˵ͷڲ˳ʡʲô֪ĲͶҲ᲻ˡ
δ뿪˲˳
ؼҺ߲˺ⶼŽ˳߲˵ȲͻؼҾ˸װˮ߲˲˽ȥԶԶȥдУһζ
ЩƵԺѸ˵·
֮£ԺĹ˽
ضǰ㼸˰ôôСǰһֵܣôء
ػص￴˻ʫ
ʫʫ϶ˣǿýζͷ֪ȥˣظеЩʱͺȵĽ̸
ץļëӭ˳ȥ


30 
֪ڸʹ, ӡ
ȵĻɫأֻûţžһˡ
һëͷ, ëˢ, ִˡ
ʲô
һ޴ؿҰĻҡ
Ļĵ𣿡Ͷļëӡ
Ҫôģ
, ȻѼëӸȵëӾͲ˵ģ
, ӻ̵ϰ˵ëӿ˴ĻңҲļҾϻ۵Ļҡأ˵
ûȥ̿ôģšü˵Ķ𣿡
ˣظ߸˵˵
, չʾĳɹ
, , ӱ趹, ëӡ
أ

̾˿
ȵ, ȥЩ¾Ƶ˻, , һȥ
dͷҲص壺ҲŲȥӱĶҵӱ
ȥϣҸ˫ڶӱ
ȵδ, dѾת˻
Ҫ˵㻰
ʲôʱ˵㻰ˣ
ʲôʱ򶼲㻰
㻹ң
Ƕ磬ұ㡭
ֵܵ˵Զˡ
ԼΪʲô, ͻ, ڹɼ˵ķĨһѡ
ɨӣ
ָɣ
ʹӺһ
Ҳ׳԰ס, ҵǮķǰ, һḺĴɨɫ΢, СȻڻ̫ϴѧÿ죬ҡ
ʹĻ׳԰סҲС
ʲôʶʡ
Ȼͱôֱ˵ο׳԰ס㲻Ը⣬ǲǿң
شˣûп㣡
ǿҡ˵
ûУ
С
ûУؿˡ
ȻңԺȾӦ£㷴ҪǮǿҡ
ǼĻ˭أ
˵Ȣܿġ
һ㶣ûӦѾ̤ݣˡ
׷˹ȥվſڣֱؿĲˡ
ʲô
Ĳ˰ֱ׳װˮƿӲϣ㿴ڻҸʱûأ
㲻ôҲû
ܣصʮһڷ񶨣ûֻˮҲǻݵһ֣һҲ廨ҰԽ廨ʱƯĻҪˮһʱҲɫ
ôأʡ
˾Ͳÿ
ٺÿĲˣ˹һ

ˣ˵ĺе
ٴ̾˿ѹ߲˶˳
ϵ̾ŨŨĴ۸СԥΣǲǾҺܱ
ͼûοҲų̂ǰõĲ
Լ𣿡
سƬ̡
ȻԼѧܿ죬дһֺ֣黭ͨƤëɪȻϲЩŮҪѧĶᡣʶ磬࣬껹δʧʱĴʱĸֹƷ䱾ԡ
صشҾò
ǲ͵ˣѵΪ֤ԼʲôҪѧʲôҪ
һԳӣ¯ͱȥ
ǷɢӳʵĲĵΪʲô˻֤ԼҾңҪ֤Ҫ˭֤㲻ϴⲻ㱿˫ϸƤ֣Ĳֹϴ
һϲһ
ټܲܳȥհɣǮҲͰˣ˿֮ıΪһδŮӵͳ׻ˡ
˻վæ˰죬е㽩
ж˼վеҪҪƴõҩ
ãͺˡ˵
Ŷȥı֮ˡ
㲱ϳǴ𣿡Ͳ˵˵Ҷô˵ˣͲҴ
⡭صڵغˣôС
ôУҾûбˣʹˣǷޣӰɷ򴷴ôˣ˵ҴС¶Ըȥʳǿˣ˵ʲô׳԰׺ȣǼٵģƭ˵ģרƭһ
㡣
ػδ䣬ֵ
Ҳ˵
ػͷʵķȷû˿ᴸ͵ļͺ󱳡
һθ˴ȹأճȭͷš
ڸأõ㾢
ص㡣
ص㣡
ҪҰ
صô
Ӻش𣿡˵ҿһȭߡ
ȥĶ
ȥܵظ˵

ضĺſͣ
ԣƦå
һ֪Գĸ
ȥһ㣬һ㣬ԡ
˵Ѿϥ˲٣شļЩһᣬֶˣͻͣ
ʣ۲۰Ҫ
ۣ㴷ɡ˵
أ
һȭˡ
һķһ߲ĲˣôԼ죿
һ٣ܿûˡ
һ٣һܳԼˣ
̽߸ˣ
ûүһٶԲôˣǰǵŮĻǵģ
ȻǹŮظЦүһ˳Բô࣬˶డdȵһԣ߸˻ɣ
ӵġϲˣȴʼϴ⣺ʲô
Ѿ˴𰸣˳ش
糴⣡ˮڣ񣡹ź
ػûĲ˵˵꣬Ѿ
˵һҶᡣ
æ˵ܼ򵥵ģ֪Ҹ㣬ˮھǡ
Ȼ򵥣Լ˵
㡪ϴһȭ
˵õȢܿأŹ˶ãԼˣ
˹ȻǲŵĴƭӣ
عӵΪԲˮڶίȴЦ
֪ˡ˵˵ɣˮô
ǣ˷ֹظָ͸ֶ졣
磺
ˮڰָӣ򵥡ʵƤڡȰƤϴȥ֬ˮٷŴнƤտ
ȥüŹ
˸ʲô
Ƥ¹
ƤƤ
ȥĶҳƤǹƤ㣬ƤƤΪʲôУǲǿƤ
磺
ˮƤ¹Ļ󣬴Ƥȡгϸ˿ٷŻع
ﻹֳԷǳƤˮ
磺
ϸܵ޲Ƥ
ĻƤǽˮ
֮Ƥȴͱˣųԣʶ壬ƣһʵļҳˡ
⻹ʵļҳˣڹӻʵ
ϵĶһֱͣ
뵽ԼˮڳԣҲںɣһ⣬ȵ磬ܶһأ
ļ绹ѹҪٰ㴷˳㽲
..


31 
ˮںܺó, ڹԵĻҪóԡ
ƤƤ浫, ˮڻһɵ㡣
ùʳȵϴɨ񣬺dһݺͳɨɾ˲뿪ظȵڣָʲôطʲô趹ʲôطֽǵd죺
Թ¡ˣ
ȵֵܺ, ѾĴϺ˯ˣؿ, Լʫ, һ, ¶ʫȥˡ
ԡŹӰ, زڴʮµʱ, һ𻨵ʫ⾰
һ, ؽ˯, Ǹ˯̹, ؽޣƾʲôռĴֻòɣ
Ҳ֪Ķʫݡ
ڴ˯˸, ֳҪڶڶ, ѹûһ, һ, Ҳ֪Ķ, ǰȥͰơ
ⴲһҵģ˵ȥ
˯Ժ, ŷ˸, ó˵Ŀյء
ͣͣ̽ؽе
ûӦ
Ͳܹˡ
ض򵨱˯ʶ壬ƴߵذǽڡһʼֻȥһ㣬ǺζΣǽϣ⹫˽ϵĶԽ
Ա۾üͷȴץס֣һشֲˤ˴
ûıѾ
գ۵ʱ䣬ѾһӼ
ˣ˯ɡָۣ۾
ͷһʶؾѣɽʵʵϣҰ˰ͷֻƤҩһճƤϡ
ÿ
Ͳ˵ȵĺڰﴫֻƽȵĺ
˯ˣ
ͣ
ͣͣ
ܻ̩ɽ
һͨľƤȺĸо˯־޹أƤԽգԽ
غʱۡ
գҲգע˯Եء
֣סƤһ걥ѩϡ촽ָ˷ɵĻȣͿۣ֬ȴõɫ
Ĵ꣬һҧǷҲõ
˽԰ûŮӣܽؾĵͿҲǻȴ֮Ǵ˿ģӭƮҡȣ籩Ϯʱȴ
ͺȻ˵һҪȥһأҪЩҪȶˣﻹӱ
ӱǱd𣿡
ͷ³ϢıǼ⡣
Ҹһ˵
ظоЩڣҲ֪Ϊ˵ĻΪߵĺ
˵ûٿˣزһҲ硣ʱѲ
˯ۣ߳ݡԺĹһ֦µ֡
ˣһ
̶̼ȻŤŤдд˵ġ͸赫֣·𿴵Ͷڹ£һдһ˼ӡ
óʫ¿һᣬȻС
ֵڼ𣿡
Ͳڣͻÿͣز֪˭Щš
ߵűߣûмſţʣǡ
סڸڵɩصߵŮȻˣЦº͵ֵܻǮġ
ſţֻһʮµŮˣһأϾ¶̽Ц䴩Ŵֲѣ¶ģһ̶ܴϲصĺøУֻһȫˡ
Ͳڼҡ
ڼҲ£ҰǮҲһġɩЦЦ֮ǰתֵܽʮӣ˵¾ͻΪһЩ飬˴꣬ǶԲסˡ
¶Ǹ⣬ɷ˵ذյļһͭ壬
ػûӣͰһֻһҲ˹
ֵûϢʵڹȥСڰȥɡ
̫˼ˡæƣͲϢҲա
ɩְ˻һ󣺡°ɣɩӵһ⣬Ҫǲ£ɩҲ˼ˡ
ؿ̬ȼӡ֪˵ЩʲôɩЦ
⻹ǮҲһ׮¡ӿ֪ܲӣһȹϲءͰǰͷﶼˡǿء
ز˼ЦЦû׼ãôҿЦˡ
ûʲôҼգ޵ñ㻹أɩ˰֡
仰ؾɩ˺ܺ˵ɩû뵽ɩȥں
Ұ˴ģƢθдôӼûˣҲһ絽ɩӼźһʱ䡣
һ˴ģòʵκɩӵȰʱڰư͵شӦ
Ҿʹɩˡ
ڹ¡ȥɩӼˡ󣬸ɩšɩЦеذ˸ڡ˵ǸڣʵʺԺӸò·ϵţʺΪţʺ·ɩˣ
һСϽһСԺǰ
ɩ첽ǰţڡ
ԺСɹõĿռȴͼҴԺӺɩһòﵫ룬غشССլԺһӺԺͻȻĹֽһ
رδĹֽһɩͻȻһ
ʲôż򣬲Щ¡
ĸڽУҼҵҪˡɩˬʵ˵ȥȥ˴
ɩ߽խݣСԺʱĽ
ԭа
ߺ꣬пС
ĥʱɩһĴֻˡ
Ѵʹ붼ϣĸǶĥҲһһͣ㰫ֻµһѵݣҲȫƽֻ룬Ѿһ룬ҲȮݰľݣڣһۺ뻹裬Ǹɸɾġ
ɩע⵽ڹ۲ϵȱڣ˼ЦЦ˺ܾãֻѾõˡ
ûϵȱڲźأͼҵĴҲȱڡذοԣƽ
ɩЦͼҲڳɻˣǰϰ߸ø˵ǱʹӺģԭˣ
ҵ漮ڽϣСʱ˹ŮѼǲˡ
ֲһȣĹǲһ㡣ɩЦ㸸ĸҪȥϻţ·Ҫʱ˵׼ˡ
ҺͼʧɢˣҲںδɫȻ
ԭɩͬؿҲģĸĶϣŮƽ˳죬ֻҪչ˺ԼԺطһ죬͡
ɩδ䣬ԺһҾ徵ĺд
ֱŵһ¡
ɩվߵǰ⿴һۡ
Ҫˡ˵ţת˻ӣȥȦһȥɡ
һ㶡
㿴ŮûУɩʡ
ûûС
ãԳʶĸӺŮӲ࣬ӣԺʱˡ
ɩؾߣһ뵽ҪĲŰ
òֲкӵģ
ҾͲ˰ɣҵĴ
سû˵ͱɩһš
ٺȣСûʲôÿˣ
ѲãֻúɩȦûһɹŹֶŨҵĳζӿıӡ
ǺéӡţʺȻͬһֳζѬֽɥֻ۾һʱ赹
ʲôζʡ
ȦζɩʲôŲƵģȻЦóȦζžϰˡ
һӶϰζ
رɩѼϼܣƵȦǰ
ǰζԽ̱ǣĿԽǿңס˫ۣ޲һͳͳʧ顣
˵ˣϦʳԲˡ
ӣѾһͷˡɩЦ
һ۾죬߻谵ƵȦһͷ˶ĸŸɲݵĽ䣬һͷճСɫëë棬΢ޣĸҲڿޣƵĺޣ˾ġ
ĸ˲ϸճСΪĶƤţСδ
޺һһͷɫСðͷСԼʶĸĽ࣬ĸȥ
ز֪ס


32 
һ, ڶͷͷСҲˡ
һתۣĸһͷСؿզ, ɵ
Ȼô𣿡
ɩЦŸտʼءģͷϴβʮͷ
־ηؿĸ벻ͨĶôصôͷС
ԭô
ԭǲü
˵ŮʱȥŹһأΪôɣ
ôţĸþöûһӣҲԽ
һǸͷ̫, סˡɩ˵һͷСҲϢ
һˣҪô죿
ɩȦţҸԡ
ĸ˳ڵ, ɩŲ, ۾ʪں, һض˵, һġ
ɩͷһ, Цãö˵ʲô
˵Ҳν, ȻǶ˵Ļ, µ, õοҲҡ
ʲô
˵ĸ̫ˡ
Ҳûôգ˶ôģοˡɩ̿С, û, ǡ
ɩĸ, ĸҲõ, ͷõСҲڹ, ͷֵǴһ롣
ɩֱ׽Сŵһ, ΪСڳռ䡣
ؼĸ, һɩǰ˵Ļ̲ס
ɩʱ𣿡
һʱЩڶʱһﶼûܣһʱͳˡɩЦЦŮ˶Ҫһصģͺˡ
û˵
Щûأ
ĸͷ׳׳С֮ĺӶñȽɣµڶʮͷСĸٺУתͷñƽıԼı
ɩüЦʮͷϴλöࡣٴЩͿȥˡ
ؼĸСȫƽҲ¶Цݡ
뿴Сǻݺȴɩʡ
뿴СܱһֻСҿ𣿡
ɩ׳ֻСؼſͣ
ɩЦһ
ССһѣģġ
һƬȦĳζ类˾⡣
̧ͷɩĿ⣬˼ЦЦллɩӣŻش߰ɡ
ɩٺĸСҪˮϴ˫֣һ𷵻ݣºȴ
Ҳܺúȣеζѣڹкȵһ衣
ɩӻӳһӱмͷһȦ˵Ҳö࣬һ֪Ǻùӡ
غ治Ǳصİɣ
Ҵ˴ġɩЦҵĴǴԱһٻؼңʱʱض͸صʶǸ棬ˣ㳢
سһȻǳֻڹԵĹƷѷһ
ڹ꣬ԹɫĻػеģ˼ӣҲɩĳТĿɼΣֱɩЦ˻
ʱɩ͵ſڣȻᡣ
ؿ߽˳ٳʱһҶ
ûȥԣҲɩЦŰѺҶػ
Ѳãл
㲻ʢѾͷ𣬹ֲϲɩҲϲԺû£ɩӼҴšɩЦ
Цź𣬲˻ؼҵ·
Ϧ￲С·žɩҴôʱ䡣Ҳ֪ûУӿŲҡ
ؼҺ󣬼ǿһˣµֻڵϣذϴ˳ôװŷķϣ֤һܿ
һУžͱˡ
һߺȵ˵һ˽dһֱһ̳ӡ
ǻˣӭ˳ȥĿ⿴ͣɩӽǮˣһҰǮ˱ϣ㿴Բԡ
dȵ˳ͣڹ£µһᡣ
ȥܼˣջߣݡ𣿡
档ظߣȲغţȥȴһĸССճСͨͨģϻġУȦܳҺǼû
һ仰Цһۡ
ǼҲ𣿡
Ķشʡ
û
ȥվӡ˵
طӦöţ
߽ݺȥ˳ȵdҲˣһˮȵˮݸͣȻϵ棬һҧһڡ
ͦóԵģĶģȵȵ
ɩӸҵģã˵
ڶˮţͲˣѾ˵룬˵
˺ãһˮԣô˵˺ã
ڷƨؾ
һűݸȤȱȱdôԣ
ҳ⣬ԱdͦԲĶӣһ˵ұˡ
ʲôɻ
ʮһͷdٺЦպ飬飬õ帯飬֭顭
Ҵ̳ô˵Ǻˣ˵
ǽȥĸζ̳õ帯飬ǲɩӵĿζѡġȵЦе
ʲôʱѡˣõġ˵ѡģӾͲǺ𣿡
޿κεǺˣˣ
űੲݵ졣
ֲܵԣô̳飬ҪԵ£̽һ̳ȥ͸ɩ𣿡
Ϳһۣ˵;͡
Ұ᲻۰Ͱ͵ؿ
ҿԡӴdŭȵңҪ㣡
úúõģôˣǺͿ˰ɡҡȵЦеңҾô㡣
dɿɨۣ˵Ƕ硭㡭
һͷˮؿֵܡ
ҳʱ͹ȥͿڵ
صעתϣ˵·ҪǱˣҲ԰㱧ᣡ
ߺԼ·ˡ˵ˤˣӡ
Ϊʲôʡ
Ϊʹȵ廰
ͳһ۵˦˹ȥ㲻˵û˵ư͡
ȵ˸ս͵ĶЦ۾춼ûˡ
ؾȵ𣬵ȴһ㣬ȻϳˣԲϲô˴նأ
ҲСɣ
պǽԼʱȵ֪Ծء
ϢһᣬȥˡظƨɺŤŤʣ
֪ϲʲô𣿡
һˣһ߿һۣô֪ϲʲô
˵ȥ͸ʱȥС
ӸҶԴСûȤ
û˵㣬˵񡭡˵㣡
ȥӻðɣ
ӲŲãĹĵ˵ͷĸһ˶ʮأóԵģ塣
֪ˡ˵Ҹ׼
Ҫ׼ʲôغǺ档
ʱ֪ˡ


33 
ڶùʳ, سˡ
ֱһ̳ӣһľͰɵԡ
ĸ׼ʲôغ
ڳﵷһ, Ҳ, ֪ľͰװʲô
̽ǳʣµʳ𣿡
ǡҲطϡ
Բ, ˵ǳʣʳ, ̫ʧˡ
͸ʲôģͲΪ
Ȼ͸ģʼջɩһ֡
İɡʹߴߴ, ն˵Ҫ
Ҫʲô
زʳе, ȴ˵֪ˡ
ܼԺ, ǰš
ô˭üûŷͳɤӺܴ
һ, ֹʧоɩˬʵ
ˣ
ĬĬ˿еȰ衣
źܿ, µɩ, ˪Բ¶ϲЦ, , ϲ˲, Űſ

ظ߽ܼԺӺͿɩʣ
ﻹ˭ڣ
һˡɩ˵û, û¶
ǵĶԻ, ;ֱܼҳȥ˵ظһ̳, õζ, 鷻Ķ
鷻в, ĸĹ, ǻԼ԰ɣ
ɩһ鷻־ͻ, ҡͷ
ҪǮҼﻹһ̳ĶˡƹɩͰĳݲ̳Աˡ
⡭ǶлֵˣҲлˡɩ˼ЦҲûʲôõóֵģĸӣҪһͷ
ǲǰ棬˹Ƶҡͷ
ˣȷʵһҪæ˵
ֵ˵ɣɩľƴǣ
Ǵ£Ϳأʱڼңչŵˡ
Щ죺нŵģչԼȴأ
ĶǲЩѧѽ
ɩЦҵʲôأھӣ㲻˵Ҳôģ
ľͰ͸ĸġ
ɩһ㶣ؿһأ͸
˵ҵСӦ͸񡣡˵
ظ͵ص˵ͷȥС
ĳɩЦӹеľͰҿڴͰ￴ȥ
һʶĹŹζ˱ǶͰװһͰźɫճˮģĹź
ˣˣ־ˡ;Ȼǳʣˮˮһ䵱
ʾûǽ𰡣
ŻŵظҪڽͣɩȴ˸ӣ˵ãպܸĸӡ
һͷˮɩǰߺСԵͣϲ
Ȼأһۣ㻹Ϊһϲϲľˮˡ
ϲֶ
˵һԲôãҪǺ˵ƽʲôԺⶼԲˡ
ؾ׷ʣЩ飬ǲҪ̫˽ĺá
ԺȦɩˣľͰˮʳͷĸѾָԪʳʳӿ룬˹ֵԴʳۣس˽
̻ʵģdԷӡ
ؿԵÿģһ˿Ҳԭϲﵱˮ
ش⣬ԺгԲʳɩιϾСء
ĸæųԷСҲÿգѭĸ׵ζΧĸ£ӹĸ׵ĸ޵/ͷļСģСϴģ㷽ֵǳʮͷСų̵λá
ԣ˵ҪˣϻûԼȳԷ
عӦһ
رԷɩͳţ뵽ԼΪӣҲһ̡æȥ˵㡣
ɩ״ЦҾͲˣ
ذ͵ԺӺ˵ȥɣͳˡ
Ϊ˿ĲɣЩ˼õ˵һᣬ㵽ſڡ
˰ɣ㿴ʱ۾ɳˣ㿴ӵʱô޲ð۾Ҳϣ
ͺȻزԣãȻ
ʲôʱ޲ð۾ˣ
Ժϴʱ򡣡˵Ӻÿ
ǡǻΪû·ڵˡ
Ҳû·ôĿת
һ𣿣
´λұ۾𣿡
㴩·Ͳᡭ
˵ף㻹ǾӺÿ
ܲʵⲻˣһˣôƫҪȽأ
޿κε˵´Ҳˣ˰ɣ
вУ´ο˵
ʹ߳ظҪЩϰ֣Ȼ֣ͷһ¡
ˡ棬ҳ
ػûӦ͵ıӰѾԶȥˡ
Լͷоֵֹģöûͷˡ
ػصԺȦɩЦеһ֦һ
ЩЩ÷ʷʵģۼ°ƾҪˡ
صĽŲɩعͷһЦˣ
ˡߵվĿٴĸСϡСҪòܳأ
ԵöȻͳÿ졣ɩЦҴͷٶ˼Ҳʹ׬ǮЩѼιԺȼѼ磬ٴЩǮͿͷţţ¿ɶҲԳȥЩ¡
ɩδҲڴ
Сţ𣿡
ġɩ˵Ҫ֣ȲСţ󡣵ԺţˣҲء
ţˣţֲϴ衣
ﾴлЦţԵǲһģ
ţԵӣݺҶԣѾˣҴɽ񣬵ʱúý̽Ķ
ظ˵̫ˣһѧ
ɩҪ˵ǰԺȻ˵
Ҹһ±㶹أ
ɩɫһ䣬ػûӦѾƽȦ
ʲôأӵڲԶ
ظһǽֻɵɩ˵ιʲô
Ӳһ˿ǰʱȻͬ
Ҹһ±㶹ԣѬĻš˵
ķİɣɩЦҪʲô
˵⻰ӵĻﶼˣӵӽһţҪȦȥɩһ˳ȥ
㶹Ķ
أл˵
Ҿ֪ûк¡
أӿǻﱨϲġ
˵ԶȥˣһᣬֳݺĴ
Ȧĳζʹ߳ȦܿƵ˶䡣
ȻݵĴһξ룬ĶԻؽĶ䡣
ԬӦһ׬ǮҲּܿǰɣС⣬ҲҪһ㱾ȽʮӣǮ˫㣡
ʮΪǴϵģɩŭɶθߵ͸ֽϴ͵˼ǮҲǽǽòײŰ˻壬ھȻҪǮ
һأ˲ȥǮ⣬Ͻ£ѵͲûǮ𣿡
ҪܰҰѼļĶظˣ£
ҲŲֵأ˲ͷ˵ֵزżǮʮҷˣ㲻ҲҪһ𣿡
ɩˣҲóҲҵ
治˵
ûУɱҲûУɩ˵
ҵҪʱУҸҪʱУֵҵʱûУЦ𾴾ƲԳԷơ
ô㻹ɱﲻɣ
Ҳɱ㣬ôɱ㡣˵Ц˵Ҽǵ㻹жԽ㲻Ǹøҡ
붼룡ҵļױļױվס㲻׼ҵļױ׳׳
һ죬ƺ㵹ˣŭ֣ҿķϲû֣һĵʱϽÿ
˵ʲô㶯ҵļױҾ͸ˣ
ҵŹ˲Ϲأ˵ص¥˸//ˣҪ˵˶ãҲҪǮġ
׳˵˻𣿣
ôʲôױģǻģҷˣҸʮٸ
˵Խң⼱öţɩ˿
ɶԷǸӣӻǸƷв˵ĳӡɩڶԷǰΪ
ɩ
սӴĵΣɩʵЦǰˬ棬һģǰµǾ仰
ҳ
һҧǰԺȥ
һͷݣպýסƿɩ
ŭĿԲɣһŭѿڶ



34 
һ䡰, ˶ԭء
׳˲ݵøöѿƵģ仹㿡, ͸Ѫں, һ˫ƤҶйƫа
, һת, ȳ
λС˭ôҼ
ػû𻰣ɩѾ̵ĸʨһ, ŭ˵͸չŵ, Щ
׳͵ͣ½Ų, ػ, Щơ
ȢŮˣ
ɩû˵Ҳֻǳؿ׳˸ûȤ, ԼЦЦ, ˵ֲʩ, Ҳ
׳ɩĻ
׳˸ײҾ, Цӱȥ, Сûţʧ֮֡
֪װģ, ոնӲ, , мཻ֮, ΢Ż
Լϵĵ̫, ׳Ҳ֪ȥֲˡ, ŭŮӶ, ̬˵
Ҿˣҳӣֵܴһá
׳˵꣬ع˹֣ʩʩȻˡ
ۼӰʧ⣬ַסû˿Ѫɫɩɩӣҷ°ɡ
ɩĬ¡
ظ˵ɩѾˡ
û¡˵ҲҵСӣҵϰˣֻ㡣
ɩصֱ֣ġĸϣơ
Ҳ£ڣҶʲôġ
Ҳ¡ҡҡͷ㶯֣û𣿡
Ƥģʲô£ɩЦѿһ˿ǰ
𣿡
ӦòˣҪǮȥģ֪ҪǮҲͲ˷ʱˡ
ǵˣҪôأ
ɩЦЦؾͷȻֱܻа취ġ
ǿͣĬ뵽ũԹĻţʲôɣĬĬؽܣĬؼǰȥ
ҸͣͰæ𣿡ʡ
鷳ˡɩҡҡͷȳϣ㲻ͷģҲȥضģȥȥģûõġ
ô˵͵ȷûʲôá
ԥƬ̣ʣɷ
Ǹ˦ƹ񣬲ܵġֻҹܣҹܵòáɩ̾˿˵ոҲˣᣬǸ˭Ҳ˭á
زֻۣüͷԶ׼
ΪҵˣҲͷ£ô꣬ҲҲһôɩ֣οأɩǹˣ֪ôİɡ
ǡ
ǸǸʡĵģɩĻЦҲ̥˿࣬һֱչٿѣֻҪҾЦóˡ˼Ȼпԣ˼ңֻҪӻһ㱼ͷһĹȥпྡһ졣
ɩʵ޻ĻＤֺγΪһٵıͷӾһͷԽŢǰȥأ
ɩûзʲôʸ
⺢ӣҶûޣʲôɩЦãͳһŸɾݸ
ؽ˹ۿӣ˵
Ҳ֪ѹ
ɩùӣµ᣺ɱȥҪϱݰ𼧣׼±߷ˮ
ɩ˵׼ˣڹϱߵ˶ʼϣ׼±Ȫӿ
ҡҲû취ģҹܲס۾ίί˵
ɩʧЦĿϡ
ᰡҪڵϣ̫ҲУǶϡΪҲˣ޵öˣͲϧˣٿޣ͸һˡ㳤ôÿˣҪǰ۾ˣͿĲҡ
Ųءسҭ
Ů࣬˼ҵŮ˸࣬ã˹ӳһ˾ͣѾȴŮҪˡɩĳ˵Ҽܶˣܺԥ˵ǸиĺӡĵѲ˹ϵ˵Ʊж񱨣仰˵ġ
ɩӡ̲ס˵𣿡
룿
ɩɫˣ֪Լ˵˻޲ðͷҧ
ôô룿
ֻǾãܹúһ㡣µزȵ
޶ˣҲֻˡµطûкŮˣֻбݵŮˣݵŮˣԼߣҲ˳Цۼδü޲ȥɩҡҡͷ˵ڹŮ˲ǹǺĹҲΪЦοͨŮأ˵๫Ǳ̵ĳͷ
Ĭ
֮£пĻҪ¡
һһľ·˾ûлͷĿܣδྴۺ죬ȫƾ⡣
⣬˭Ҳ˵׼ʶѾõˣҲԸĿܣοһ涼ûˣ
͸ôйദȻǰԶһɴһ֪˸ͷŮѾࡣ
ɩ˵ûһиˡ
ʹճҲΪһݸ
ܲϣºµһ̣ظĸо
ǲ˵ЩĵˣҸӳ԰ɡɩЦ˵꣬ƾܾվ
ûһᣬɩһϴøɸɾ棬һú˵
ɩӣһ㡭
˵ɩܰһɩˬӦ
ҸڵƣҳէһŲ֪֮ǰԹϰڴдŵ̯ӣûһд֡ɩӣһд֣徭и鶼һ黭ӡ֪ȥʲôطҵ𣿡
ɩһԾǼתʲôѴ͸ɩӣȻûǮСܴЩǮ
ǵģɩӣӦòȱǮ˵ңʳ׳԰סȴһǮ
ӣôܽа׳԰סأɩЦ
ⲻһЩѿܸܲɩǲޡȻӵ񣬾ͲİõܵһС
ڹʳδвΪ֪ΪһǴεģξָʵѡеˣʵסҴ⽮ߣ塣
ѽԼˣ۸ʽָ㻹壬ᴩϼ£ϸͷ
ΪΡ
ûоΣԣ޷ֱ׳سġܣҲ롣Ĺ뿪ʹ󣬳һԶΣһ⣬ȫʣµΨһһ
ɩΪѣû׷ȥ¶ɫ˵
µŮӼ㲹ãҲƷһǮûгȥͷ¶ģҲŮӣǾʩǼĴСɾʩǸѸǸŮҪǳȥǮ˵лģΪŮС˵˾´˰ʲôͼӴףֻҪͷ¶棬Щٲ˵¡
ɩĻصϣѵҵ̫֮ǰֻпͰķݣ
ͲԸأ


35 
һ, ضƲ֡
һ棬Ϊɩľģһ, ҲԼǸԤ鲻
ֻܿͰ, ôгһ, ͲԸأ
Ϊ, 跹˼üᡣ
ҳԱˡطֻķ֮һͷ
Ҫһ
ֳԱ, ż춼ûôˡ˵¡
Ͱʱмֻ, ضܲ, ƨȴӡ
ǰֻǶ, ȴĵСˡ
ľ綣ĵʽͬСˣûõ帯飬, ܲ, Ͻ, ⶼǰҪ׼ġĸ, , ߸ˣүһ춼ûԵ÷ḻ, ҪǻԲ, ǲң
˵õʵ, Щ˼, йͷСҧ
͵ɫÿһЩ, ˵ڵɩ
һ, ʶȥô֪
ǵ˼, ù˭ɫм
һԲͷһ˺룬ѩ׵ͷоðһľĨϽһĵ˵
Ҽбľ΢΢
ˣʼĲ̡̲ס˵ѵûʲô취԰𣿡
ͳ˳ǣһ˿̸ԼˣҪϸѾָԭеӡ
赭д˵о仰ô˵ţһҪûԾȵ뷨үҲȲ
һ㶣Ծȣ
ԡͷҲ̧ͷд񣺡֪ΪʲôҪ𣿡
ԼôŵģǸʺ͸ѧģ㲻ϴңҲзǣɪ٣ʱʱɪЩŵ㣬Ͳ֪ġ
Ϊʲôһһεؾ
ԥԥΪҳúÿ
ͰһۣúÿĲֻһˣҸ𣿡
Ϊʲô
ͺİͷ¶ͷĴͷ
Ϊһֱûз˵ʱԸҧ˻ҲҪѣҹ޽ͷʱϰΪһյƣͼıؤʱüתǵע⣻ȻޣҲֹǿޡ
̧ͷֱص˫ۡ
ػ͵Ŀ⣬һһ˿
ŵʱҲŬȥ˵Ҿԭ򡣡
صҲˡ
ǵһܵôߵۣ˵ǱȿòŮ£鼤Ļ
͵Ļ̲סѿڶ
ȥ𣿡
Ҫȥʲôɫƽû̫Ӧ
ķӦһء
һûҪʲôʳ
ƭ˾С˵ʲô뷨ҡ
㲻±˵𣿡
ӵ£Ҫǹܣüͷ˭ߴߴɣӴߴߴɡ
˵Ĵ׻ȴֹЦ
ˣͰͷǿлԹͷ˾Ͱͷ꣬꣬ǰ˵ľͻͲ
ô
صˣһۣ޶ԡҲֻŬŬؿĴͷ
ԹʳͺܿͳˡڼĥҸʲôɩӣڼ𣿡
æܵԺš
ɩվ⣬Ц棬㲻·Ҳɸɾز˿
ɩӣ𣿡
ģ뵽ͷزãϵҲôʶҾţΧĸҼҾۻᣬҪǲ⣬Ҵʶһ¡ɩЦ
غǾϲæ˵Ҹл㻹ôأɩӣ˵ҴʲôźʣҪҪһ·
Ϳˣ˳úÿʲôÿɩЦֱۣŻСжûеĻﻹһԽġ
Уȥϣ
ܻң͸ϻӣóԼǶԽδȥ
ٻصǰʱɩչ¶Ķ俴ȥһ⡣
һͺãĶģ
ġ
ֲáɩЦʹɩӱû˱ȵù㡣
ڹ¸һ֣ɩȥҡۼܼԽԽؽʼ
һ桭Ҫʲôźã
Ľ¥ͷ档ҪҲ˵Ϳ˵·ѡĺãͷÿᣬסԺˣͿ๫ӡɩ٩٩̸
һһ֣صͷ
ˣԭŮӽҲһס
ɩŶ󣬿ʴЦһˣ˭Ӯˣ
ԭԺ¸˲ˣȡ֮ƴһϯһȺŮΧϯϣмʮֽƺǼͭ塣
һ˴׵ŮӰеֽͭϣ֧ŵȣû˭ӮҲػضǾǲǳǧ
ŮޣͿ֬ĨۣǾĴģβĶ˶Ůһۣ˵
˵ʲô˶ŵģūܳʲôǧ˵ˣӮǸƣūõųǧ𣿡
ƶѣҲҪ˺ɩȥԲ
Ů̧ۿأĪϿĿػؼΡ
Ŀ㲻Ѻãʵڻ벻ʲôʱ
Ȣϣʡ
Ժ˶ؿ˹
ǣӡɩЦãۺãһҼҵĸ˶ʮͷУҼǲСҪǮڳһ䡮Ͱ˸ˣ
ɩĻ̫ˣʲôһ仰ߡֱ̡
ɩӿˣô
ɲɩЦе˵㲻֪ʱƣ͸һˣ
£Ƿ׷׺׳˵ģǼ˶Ҫߡ㻹վɩӣֲΪ˵ôû
ɩ˶ؽһ飬ЩûԼݣֻһϣȻĳĳӣؽнǷ塣
ɩĿ޺͵ϯϵĸ˶ࡣʶʱ򣬱ľ
ūҪһô๫ūҲΪκ˳
ҲһЩ˼㷢ҲֻԼɩ䲻ȵػһ䣬ɫЩÿ
ûô֪һ
ۼǢҪΪ뽩֣ɩǰ濪ڵ
Ǿ
һбۣ֪ūң
ʩĴȻЦԭǺεȷɣŻᱻʩ֮ռ˾֪鴫
ô֪ʩǾ¶ı飬ӵĿҲ˥ˡ
ʩǿƹݵŮˣ͸־̳򽻵Ȼһɵľ㣬οһ׾ʳ׳˵ͲʩЩۺǰľǴľʩˡ
Ц۾ǽʩ֮ò̫ϡ
ƮƮȻЦЩ˽ģȥҲūҾʩˡ
ϯΧɣûӣҲһȦɡ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ֻûſͺˡ
ɣԱŲŲóһ϶Ҳ棬һɡ
һȦһҪ㣬ʲôϷŮ˵
ū㲻ɡ﷭˸ۡ
ٴǢһɢΡ
ɩȥһÿ˶ЩȻҲϯϣ˴Ķ顣
شǰֻ˰ԼȴûѵǴ֮õϷĹûеģȤ
ɩӣ쿪ţռˣ
һȻĺɩЦտ
Сˡ


36 
ɩһ, һĹҵĺҶ˽
ռȵģĶأøװȳá
ҴȥɩЦҲ̫, , ռ
ϯһ˴Ц˭֪С, пŰݷõĵ
ռãϽҴ̳괺ϡ
Ҵ˸ժĻƹϣ, һȥǺζ
ҵշѸú, ȥ
Ƿ׷æԼдĳʳûһ, һűҵĽ, һ˵㲻¾Ϳȥ
ϯֻʣȼˣоͰغ;
ֿ, ˵û˵ūҺ͵£
ع֪, ɻʲô£
ūҲ, Ҳӱ˵˵ūȻʹЩҲСб, Ϊֻͣϧ飬Ϊ˶, ƶˡ
ﲻƽūҾʹ˵, ɫ, ʲ׶ĵ㲻⣿
ɷ׷׷ʣһҲûܵðϾֲӡ
ǰûŮӣ׷ԼŮǲŮдģȻҲ¸ֱʵŮӡضԾû񣬷һ˿塣
һԵɣͲˣ׷޹ˣӱԹɷʯĳһ˵һ˭ҲΡ
ȥ費Ҫæɣ״ѰЦȲȥ˳µྐྵӿĵ𾢶һ߿ģһ߷̵
㶼ʮüˣ˭ѡ㣿
ѡūҲѡ㣡ţȢ㶼ҪĻ󱻴򡣡Ҷüݻػ
ܱȱĺáЦƾʲôֻ׼˴Ůˣ׼Ů˴ˣ
ūú硣
﷭˸ۣϣκ̾һһȻģ
޸ܱͣЩ˼޸͵ĺáҿ㻹Щ˳ۣҪļ֪ͣĺβҪ̵ϡ
ûʡ
үĹӰԼȥ̤ˡⶼҪˣ̤࣬ҿ˼磬ʼ¼ˡ
Ȼìͷתء
֪𣿡
֪سʵҡҡͷ
㻹Ŷ𾢶˵ǸźʵġūϲūȰһ䣬򵥣Զˣߣ˵ֶȴСūҿԺݵһ˵ž͸һˡ
һ˵һץһѹӣϸϸؿĹӵĶҲ͸žƹģñڹӼһҧȡʣСıܿϵĿ֬У˫ĵķԶʱһҲͣЪ鶯תš
ﾫµĳһԵγԱȣһӵʱ䣬Ѿʮ͸СһӼշŵߣûô죬ӾֻʣƤһרӶĺҶˡ
ɩͼ˶ųʳ˻Ȼж˹Ļ⣬վæ̡
زһţҲæ
ɩЦҿ˵Ȼ죬ôѾϤˣ
ЦɩӵĸҶչҡ
ҿɲţ죬ˡɩٵ
ɩԩūˣϳūҿǰӵôģ
ǾãҪ۸ҿɲӦɩЦ
§סأһɾϴ
ūҲûУã˵ǲǣ
Ц˵ɩӷİɣҺܺá
ɩŷġ
һᣬϯϾͶʳɫޣ˱ǵռշѺƹϣ˴˼Ҳ˼ÿ˷ֵССһ
߰˶ɹɵĹ𻨣һСԺﶼƮ𻨵
ҿ괺ÿȾƵĸ˶һ룬볢ʣҲҪ˸롣
ʲô룬Ů˲ȾƣҪ۸ģﲻɷ˵͸һ롣ȣſ˺ȣ˽ݡ
У֪˭Цһ䣺
˼Һˣ©ȱɣ
üȻŭƨūǸѸҲȥˣ
ʧԵĸ˾ǰӮ˺üѵĸˣ﷢ŭڨڨز˵ˡɩæôҺȾƳԲˣٴδԲ
һߺȾƳԲˣһྼҳ̣óԣû뵽ССͷҲôԻ˶¡
һ괺һһߺȣ֪ͺȵֻʣסڹżȾƣȵҲǹŮ֮ʱ˵Ůƣ־Ϊ˲мһˡ괺ǰȵľȫһһȥһʼûʲôɽģǰľͿʼҡ
ԼҲ̵ˡ
۾һһ룬ȴһ˿ɫﶼѾƵˮȡ̫ˣǵĿ͵ʱŮкһ
غͷԼںδҲ̫ڲɽ
һߣƾϸ̵룬dȵֵһ̤˻ؼҵ·
ϰóԡdֹܱΪʲôԣ
ȵһյֵĴԪ˵ǹɩء
ֲǲԼԷ
Ҳеģͻͷһۡ
ߡdͷŤһߡ
˵ɩڼԼһˣ㻹Ҫһ˳Էûģӱ
ߡdͷһ߷ǰʯӣС˵֪ˣˡ
ȵԪ·ӿŲߵߣ˵ϰ廹ǰ׷İǷˣʮҪϰ嶼ϰһ󷽣ÿνˣòŷϿˮƤˡϴǸϰ壬ûôٵģ鷻ǷǮǰѸ鷻ˣȻֻһлǡ
ˣ鷻˴òǮˡ˵Ҫġ
ǴԶȵЦе˵ˣɩ֪ʲôûУ
֪˵
ȵһ˵绹û
ֻ֪⡣
ΪʲôҪȵ
˵׷ˣǮ֣Щ¾е֪ˣҪߴߴɡߴߴɵǺ£뷨ȴ˵Ȼתͷָˡ
ǴѪˡȵЦ
Űɡ˵ҲˣܻỻӪ
Ŵһܳͷءȵ˵
ļ˵һܳͷء
صҺͿ룬һˡһ֡
ߵ±ϣdһȳȥҳԵģȵߵߣɩӳȥˣ
ɩȥˡ˵ȥ
ȵԾȥϴˡ
͵˵ͷ߳Ժӡ
Ϧɽ·ϣأЩΡ⼸ն߱һڼҡûпɴʱ飬һ˴Ҳû˵ˣҲ֪һ쾿ôģ
Ƿ¶᲻ˣ͵͵һ
ҪҪȥŮҲʱ䣿
𽥼ӿ˽Ų֪ܼԺ⡣
һ˸պô߳ͣЦЦԼˡ
վſڵɩ֪ͣΪΣϱЩ΢ЦЦ
֣ߵǰĿͶȥ
أ
δ䣬һͰڵᴵˡ
ͬʱһʮԺﴫ
ǮӮˣ
һͨ죬ϯϵ
⸾˷׷ףء
͵ߺ˷ܵĿȻײϣԭֽ˵ѨһȻˣͿҲһ
¶
Ǻǣˡ


37 
ȥʱ, ɪһϵı˴ֳСӡ
㡢ôˣͰ͵˵ϴһɾ
Ϳصľ, һ
ѽֵ, ɫҲ, Ҹˡ
صŮӿɫԣµվƨ׼ˡ
㡪̲ס׷һ, ͻԣͣĿⴥԱһԲ, ԽԽС˻ûǮء
תͷ˾ܣ
ĸɲסŲڨڨЦתأⲻһעô
ͳһͭ, ˹ƤЦⲻЦؽ
ð, ˵ûҿǸи֡
ؿһͨ, ٿԱߵ, ײ˵ЩʲôտҲĺɰ, һյˡ
ԺҲ̳Ը𣬾ûһ, ʩʩȻվԱֱۣȵ˵, ȥūҵ, ٳС, ū˵˵ռôġ
һ֣һû˵ҿòᣬС˾ƭҼҵط
ѽòط͸ū͸¶һľϣҸŰʲô
⶯ĶС׾ٵˡ
һգۣԺʣ¼ˣΪ͵Ĵڣн˿ǰ֡
ҴȥˡͶɩ˵
һ괺ЩˡȥιһѾƵĶѿжѿ𣿡ҡͷɩȥһѶѿ֮ǰռĺҶˣŵݸ͡
Ѿ˯ûˡɩȵò࣬
ʲôüͷ
ɩû˵䵽ϡ͸ſȥüĿģһ±
̾˿˵Ҳ
ҾͷˣȻɩҲٽһۻˡɩ˿
صֱۣ뿪ܼҡ
˫糺죬룬·һҡһΣǲ޻һһѡͺüζˣԼҡҡԴֺúõվˡ
ǣ𣿡ͷŵ棬Ƶֹôǻεģ
ˣǻεġ˵
ûҺءɵЦĦеͭ壬ı뼥䣬ȴȻͭ׵ǰ㿴Ǯ
ЦϼЦƣֻ۾аĹâ
һ棬
Ҳʤ
ͳĬһᣬڵ
ţˡ
ģذͭŵؿڣһظ
š˵
صɫۿɼǰһŲӰԴϡ
Ҳͷ

ֹأҸ㣬ͨ徭Ҳһд飬ݽ壬Сһ黭һĿɶˡ
ذͷһ⡣

غԺж˳СͲش׷ӰӣȥӰԴ
˵
˰ɣߴߴɣͷܵ
˭֪Ȼͣ½ŲһƲѸۿ
˵ѣ
û˵ѡšüͷأ˻ˣƷģ
Ǿûã
ûС
У
ͱߺȻ˸ŲͷһͣԭزˣԼӰ
ͷ㻹߲ˣôٶȣڶ߲ҡ
һڣͲá
زˣѸײڶ֮˵ϣ
ңûãǸ׸ӵˡ
ͷˣĿῴֵˣһڵǰץֱͼ
أ棬㷢ʲô裡
ңң㻹ң
ؿ޵øˣŮҵĿ޷˵ԵŮ滨꣬ؾУԶĪĵطϡ
Ͷͷˣһס죬ҧгݵ
ʲôô˵޾Ϳޣһӡ
ؿ޵һǱִͱڳ˼ֱֻۣҲûôؾǺȻ
أ
ڵϣ˵
ϣ
衭
ͻû˵꣬ȻһνһεӰл䡣͵֣ζƨɵӸմһء
תǰ£˺һḹ壬ȫ򷭣ͷöôܲˣ
˵ĬĬᡣ
ǰ޲ðϣİˣȴֲˡ
ֻܼǰĻ⣬ɰͰ͵˵ĺֻֻд֣ͨʲôľϵͷֻд֣ᵯ٣ǳ弼ҶӮôôûأ㿴ֶдˡ
̧ͷ죬ֱؿӴˮٵӶ¡ʲôû˵⸱ģ㹻һԼǧ˵Ĵ
ҵḶ́㵽ҪֶþͲˡֻǸغȾƵ׽éϸҹ
֪ӣ˵ʲôҲմһξƣ
ô죬ڷۿӿΪʲôҪң
ŬȥѧԼϲɪŬȥԼϲŮ飬Ŭϲӣǹһ䵽˹⡣
ĸΪΪ̫Ϊ˶бҪȥ
ܹʵȴʼ޷ͻ
ɶͷԣʣ˭Ҫˣ
ǶҪˡ˵һֱۿӿ
ͺȻˣ˵ĸĸ
ģԭ뵽˰ĸĸԭǾãΪԼûãĸ
ᷴʡصŵ㣬̫ᷴʡҲȱ㡣ͣΪĸҪԼƵԼûϡ
ûиĸļ䣬ûѧţȫƾѼӵıӲܳˡ󲻳ҲⲻˡôģͬܣͬҲ޶ԡ
ÿ£Ŀϡ
ָ֣زϵۡɫƽһĴɽĴ󺣣飬ز֪Ҳƽ
һһٵ㿴ҡ
ԿỨ˸
Ҫ˵ʲôǺϰٱǧǲҪ㣬ǵʧҪãҲԼĸáҪΪϹԼΪҲӵ۹⡣˵㶮𣿡
ʵû˵ʲôκģʹŷɫԾѿڶ
ˡ
ϡתǰ
ͷԵ͵ıֱ۴ϥѣɵؾվ
Ұ任زŷ͵ĽŲԭô죬߳˺óһΡ
ıҲȿȥĿ㣬ɵͬÿһߵȵģϣһҲߡ
ءȻ֡
ţ㶵ش
ͲųȺϦ󲽳ǰȥ
£˵Ӱӵһѷ֡
ǲҪ㣬Ҫ㡣


38 
ôؼҵ, Ѻһ벻
ֻ֪һʹˣ֪δһֻĹβش, ˯ȥ
Ƶĺ֢, Ժ󣬴ڴһ
һˮ˽, ϴأüŸʲô
ھޡ˵
һΪԲˡ˵žͱŲ, Ͻ´ϴһŲ
ŷԼĻ, ̧ţ˱ӡ
һˣζ
ϡǵƴ, Ӯһͭ塪ͭأԼ, ĴǴͭ塣
ߵϣû˵
ŰƵϣ췢ʲôˣҲɩӼҴôģ
㲻ǵˣ
ҡҡͷ
ǵˣ
ãȻؼҡͷ֪ΪΣ͵üԽšԽ
ǵˣ
һˮŵ, תȥˡ
Īɫ, ͷƨʵ
οԼŮжͷʹѵ˴شŻϴԡ, ϵ·, Ȼմһεȹкü˵ĵط
ǰУȥȹɳ˼ȦƵġ
زǵԼʱˤ, ôֻһܣǾͳ, ɳһ١
, һʹҲܽˡ
ԽԽ, ־һЦɳȥĻԺԽʻˣ˿£վȻҵǰƨ
شҴϴ˸裬ϸɾ·ȹӴȥͶš
һ߳ԺͿĥ˵͡Ц⣬䣬в˵ƽʯĥû죬Ϻ䣬͵ɲסŲ
ŸʲôϣѾԹˡͷҲ̧˵·ľͰ
Ŷ
Ӧһ߻غԺѷŽľͰľͰѾ˼ҪϴϡǵʹŵѣǸˣѴһվͻϡ棬غضĴָʳָСѡ
֣Ҳۣұĸԡ
ػ˵ɳ˹ӡѣߴϤĳߴ磬زЩ飺
Ȼ˫ŹǱˣ˲С˹Ͱ¶˰ɡ
·£ϸµϴ˻֣Ȼصݳ׼ĳʳݵľϷһ࣬伸Сˣؽյθڸãһ඼ȥ
ŻسٳʱͻԺĥظ߽ݣȻڣûн
һ֧ġ˵

ز֪ҪʲôóͭԵĽ
ֻһ֧ӣҪʲôʡ
ͽӹѼ˶ĥʯһˮȥ´ĥ
ͷĥһ㣬õġ˵
㲻һСˡ
㻹СǵŸ˵ġͲм
ﲻСڹҲġ
ʲôɡ
ͼĥӣõչ¹ۿŽ⡣оӣоұϵηﻨ塣
βη˳ʵļ裬ǱУʱÿһζǰϵηﶼвͬ仯ؾƤӰϷһˡ
ˡ̫˵㣬á
Ĳ˽ˮֲ嵽صķϡ
æջߣ⻨˭ģ
һɹƭϵʿͳݺݵ˵ҷǰƤɡ
һΪʲô
⻨壬ո߳һ֪ǲɶõļΪŭ壿
ǷʮӾǮ˵Ҫû֣ԳʲôĻ岩ʿƨʲô⣡Խ˵ԽŭסһĥõĲ˵ټһҪšġ
۾һƳԱһ˿֡

ԭǷ˿
Ҳû˵ôɡԥԥ˵Ŀұ۵ηﻨϡôҲһʻļΪҪһĲֵѵһ͹
ҪѼ壬ƭӶȻ岻Ѽӣͼʡ£һη˵ҲҪĶȥƭ֮ѼӣȻƨˡѵҲˣͳ˵
Ѽ壿һ£Ĭˡ
ֻŮϲĶ㿴ʲôڣΡһʲô£
ʵΪۣ˲ǴơӺͷҲġػһ仰û˵οһηȷʵһѼӺÿöѽ
һѼϣŽʲô£
ȴô룬һؿϵηﻨ壬˵Ҫҵʮӣȥϴˡ
ز̲סȰȥҸʦҲһѼҡηﻨȷʵվտôϴ̫ϧˡ
úÿ̧ۡ
ز˼ֱӳһϵĻ壬˵ˣһȣȥηﻨϴˡѼӵνֻѾõĽʵ᲻þô䡣
šƿߣӦһ
΢һޣǱͲ׽ˣβʱ
úǰȻͬĿ⿴ֱϵĻ壬ǵϣȻÿˡ
أ
˭ţ
û£ٽд֡ԹҪȥһˣź˾ƣʹڼϢĶҲȥ˵
ҪȥĶһ䡣
ҪȥͶڵϲȫүҪһˡҪߵÿ죬ܸϻ
ӦһΪǾ䡰ϲȫЩϰ£ͣƬֲ̣һ䣺
·Сġ
Цˣͷᰴ˰
ʲô£ϣһóԵġ

ʳһùdȵԺ
Թ𣿡߳š
ǶԵġȵЦһֱ߶ˮԡ
ѳԡdСֹ
еĳԾͲˣٱԹ´ԼعϡȵЦе˵
dίί͡
͹غţܵȥʱͷŴţʮ۷˵ſڣһһĶӸﲻ̧
֪شƷٷͦ»̥Ĵǣڴ룬ʮ˵ţ
·϶Ұӷ㣡ⶫҪǱˣǵͷⶼ
Ϊ˲˹ֵ˵ǽǡ
ȵզ࣬˵ộҪǻ͵ľʲô
ͰضڵϡһݾŽš
ʽ׺͵ǹ
ȵɫҪˣ
Ĵ͸Ĺ̶֪ĻҲҪһЩҡҡͷ˵ǸĹ͵ģֹأݵ䱸챻ˡ
Ȼסڽ󣿡
ȵȵ
ôˣҲûʲô˵ʲôͷ
ǼӶúү˵ͷż۵ĵͺȣصľ׷˵档
үϵĿͺԱ߶ϣ
ͣ·ϾЩǧ򲻿и⡣
µҰݣĵվ
ȥ˾֪ˡ


39 
ͣ, ѻȸ
չ¥ͷȵľǰһӳ, ˪ɫӳɫ, ӷᴵҡҷĴ, ӽྻ˳ָ֡
Ҳ̲ס˼ģǰĬȴ֪ƣƵ, һ
ɫĹŲƣʼղů䡣
鲻Խֿ, ĬĬΪƽ޲ԼǷˣ, ºȿȲ, ˵ЩлԲ˹һƬТġ
ڣȽյŴ, ߵŮ˳, ȻţһȻɽɫĻƻ汦絲סҵ龰
Ÿһ, üĿذ, 岻ʣ˯š
㴹۽, ͳһݳתĸס
ȻؿŸеִ
һľִ, Դ㡣ִ·׹ŷͷơ׹, ͵Ůϲʽ
żȻõһ٤ľʮִ, ж֮áĸǳΣ档˵
ˡ깧˫ֽӹִ
ҾͲĸϢˡչ˺ĸס
ӷģū澵ı֡
ͷ񣬴ǰĶѥת뿪󣬲ִ߻᷿
ƹ磬᷿ңϵķһ
ˣˣһ٤ľʮִ
δţĬŷţ԰ݵָᲦз顣
վʱĹӣв̣Ц˵
ִÿ϶Ƕ֣Ǹ٣ū澼ʶֻ֪࣬дúǺÿȴ֪λҡ
޹
ǰһִСĦϵĿ̺ۣκ˵ǽԬƷóκ
Ƿ˼ʶ㣬ֻ֪ÿȴ֪ÿʲôطЦִԢãжߵã˲ϣܲ˯úЩ
ôɵִҲˣ᷿һСѾͷȻ˵
һæȥǸİ컵µСѾͷȴѾɫִϣ±ۣвŪ顣
ߡ
֪ʱ淽ϣֻϵִѰ˸ľϻװãתո˵СѾͷ
ȥⷿ
СѾͷһûڵؽˡ
СѾͷͷɥľϻ᷿߳һߣӾͽͷӶ
ȥⷿˡ
һֲ˾ΪôԼӣ
˵ǹʮʱʲô£ǵ÷˴ŭԺĸӾûͬԹһٷ
ʲôأ
ǲ֪үҲ֪ĸʲôìܡ
ܹʲôʼǷ˵׶Ӱôʯĳ
˽ԽԽ壬СѾͷֻȥ
Ҳ벻ףôãô˾ôأ
СѾͷɫҴ߳һ˴ӰһŶׯ°ȹûоκ˾˽¥ݡ
˫֣ߵ¥һȴ󿪵ķǰüĿϥ
ӣ˻ǰִˡ
̧ͷϥƣֻξĬ
֪ˣա
̧ۿСյ᷿ûиϣһŴһ齣һ齼Ƿȫ
ٴ̴ϣ齼ϵɰעˮ룬˸еĲ
Сͷӡ
ר־յעˮǴʱ飬ɵĶ޿ޣһţʫĲŮ
бϣ˲ӲӶĿϧ˹͡
ʹ۽ޣĿⶨּϡ
һѲˣûзԽټҪôھܣҪôǡѲ
һֿܣǲ©һط
ŵĽݣҲǾܵһ֡
עȲ裬ڸеɨһۣ˵Ӧеľ룬ӿи֪ˣǴ٤ľִǹȥԬģ
֪ܻ֪ɫ顣ڵҲ᰺Ʈıһ㣬翵֪
ӵŬ˶˵Ľһջ⿪ġο
һաֻһأ˵
شȴѾ˵а
ԭֻĻش
ʧ۵ףϥһ񣺡
һᣬǰͳ˸İû֣˵ǵ־ǵĴţǻģȴԶһһ֡
ߵǰĵطͣϥ£֮˹ֵӡ
Ӿ׷صţҸһԽĻʮȥ̽ݼܱ߸ظ塣
ͷһԣ
ԥؽ
ֽ
㻰δ䣬⡣ܿ죬Ůˮ˻Ϻõıīֽ⡣ռݸֱߣȻȻؽΪĥī
ڵī֭ܿĥˣվڿĻǰһֻƾɵܴ˪ʣպī֭һѩ׵ֽʶȥ
԰׵ĴɵĺֽϷ裬ߣ˼·ġ˰ٴǧΡ
ȼʣ˽֡
װŮˮ̨ﱧһֻཱུĳëèŮ̬ׯ΢Цһ˫ˮ͸źͯ档
̬ϸĹ۲죬дĦǧΣߣ˼
һǳɣͣ˱ʣһԵͭɽʼϡ
˫־УɫȴһѰƽӵĻ־ˡ
һīδɵĻκ˵
èˡ
ĿͶеĲ˹èֻèԭġ˵кȻ˲˹һֳëèŮڴ丮һֻڰཻĲ˹èģʮֿɰ
бһֻ׵Ĳ˹èľϲûһգֻèͽ˹
ƽ˸èҲˡ
īˣӻջߣɫس齡
ȥա

С𻭼ϵĻŸ˫ֱȭ˸ĬĬ˳᷿
Ӽ֣ԽϢڡ
Ϣ
յڴӳһڱвˮ
Ӽ˶֣Ѱܣ˿²
˵
һͷȥ
ڡ
ܵ¡ʶҪʡ
ǡ
ӡһ˿첽߽᷿˵ءءͷص䱸ѵִ⡣
֪ˡ
¡
²յӸµͶȹʽͺϴ֮¡
᰺ӱڣϴƻֺĽ£װӵؽصľϽƽ̨ɫľӰæµСӸĸ߶һÿնв̤ϣǵǵϲ֣С΢
¥ݵƽ̨ѾСӣޱ飬屦Ľļල£ÿ˶ɫҴң¥ƽ̨¥µĳۼ
ЩæýŲմص˵Уһ˸ע⡣
米ͦ޳ѰĴֲѣȴȺ۵һ
߻վͲȴ꣬һݳªȱ˰գһ߾ųߣࡣ
˾ƽ̨ƫƧһǣ¥й˵ʲôݳª겻֪˵ʲôùֲ֧
ǲʲôȱ˺Ȼ̧ͷ˫ߡ
ȥ˵ʲô㵭Ȼ
һָۣ

ʱ󣬰䱸ĸض鶼뿪˽󡣳ȥ̽ϢҲˡ
վڸڵĳǰ
ͷأǹ¶ƽղҵ˷ŴΪ˽ֵͣĴ硣˴ͷ䱸Ϊ˴һСáˡ
ãĦյԵ
ǡǰøȢޣսҺֳɢѰҵģ֡˵ΪԪ£뵽˵
˵߲޽õˡ
мôǱߵĽһᣬЧұ£ҲֱЧڱ¡
㴹ӲյеĲӰ
ӿҪˣ̽
ƽ֮طġ



40 
ȵС￪ʼ۱೤ƵĲߺõ, Ҳͽˡ
֪ڹ¡
գֵһðڵƷ, Ҳûţ첻, ͱ͸˴۾ȫһ, ˯⡣
ȥϲɰ, һ飬ʱÿ˶˲١
÷ʱҲϰ˸
ռݷλõģϱϿ׼, صǼʵռԪεռѷ׳ֻյý, Ƥɫޣ±֭ͲǺĴƤ£һȥ, ݼ㡣
ȵǰһóװļҳ㣬һdǰôֵĻ¼ýƣƤֶơһĳ̨˷һԡ
dǰǳκͰ˱⡣۶, ڴˬ, ˱ĲɱϺ, ȡʸ, еڼ, ƬͻȡصȰ˱, ʱɫӣӳȤ
ǰһܲԲڣϮˣһϽеһɵµذڷĸǰȥŵġ
ǰľͼˣ¾Ʋ˶ѣ̳ӱϵ뻹ߡ
dȵԵͣ磬ͱž̳֣Ψһôˡ
ˣʳԽԽ
üشԼʧڿûһ
ǳԷ׷
˵ҳԲˡ
d廰ܳԣҰ㣡
̧ͷһۣd֣ǰİ˱ͷˡ
أ˰šü˵ҪʲôҾ͸ʲô㻹Բ·ʲô˼
ĳԲˡؿ˵
Ҳԣɾǳھ壬ٳھ¡ʲô취
֪Լеʳ˹֮ŷ֣ԭԼôʳҲ֪ûʳأҲĽԼСë岻ʹǳԲ°
ʲôɳԲ£˵˸˻ԵģǲҪȫϯſڣ
ǹˡض˶٣С˵ûθڡ
üëһҪշƨѾ׼ӭ䳰ȷˣ˼磬ֺáͺ˲֪ٱȵˣ
ɩǲǷ˿ģ
ʲôʡ
ǵ죬ʳ񡣡
ԶԶԣǿġæͷڹʱ̫ҽԺҩͯҲô˵ġ
ڻӣ˵ҶûǮͳԲ·ǲӦýпǮҵ˿Ǯ˸Ǯ𣿡
磬ǽ˵õëֵүǣҲòˡëûǮɵģͷһھͺáӴ
ȵ°һţСϵĻҡ
Ҫʲôҩźã˵
óҩȥͺˡȵ˵
ѵһ㶼ԷͿء
ڨڨЦЦҲһ춼ԡٻҪԵġ㲻ùңȥȻͺˡ
ù
ܣ˭ܣôˣȻСӡСӶʳ
źԽźԽǵ˰˱ӴùҲ֪˾˭ź˭
ۿϻ֪˼Ųҿ
һٷȻûʲôdθʳ͵Ĵڣһպͷ˸ɸɾ
ùʳ֮dϯݵĵ£²գ۵ʱ䣬
ݷȥ˯ţȫdһշתú󣬷ݵ뷨ӴߵԺ
һֱûݣԭΪͳϴȵһû뵽߳ңȴڹ£һ֦ʱɳддʱͣڤ˼롣
ߵ̽ͷһаƪ֡
Ĭдǧġ
ͺȻתͷأ͵ص
һ˴סֳ飬ɫغȵӸļ𣿣
ػûü˵ͼɿýŲȥ˵ϵİƪǧġæסĶ˵ʲôѽƪдˣ
ʲôдˣʲôûдֱȴ׳˵
Ҷˣؼ
û˯ѣ
˯û˯أ
۾˯Ҳͦġ
˵øɵۡ
ˣûƨ
㸴ϰǧʲô˵ģذ˼⡣
Ӳûϰֱͦˣ˵ţĿ
أ
˺޳֮ˣ
޳֮ˣȻ˿صĶӣؾغһ䵲ǰ
㿴ʲô
ҿûС˵
û
ҾʹɽժӣûҾʹɽһ¡
ؾˣʲô𣿡
ܴ󡣡Ȼ֮סֱۣӦԺȥϣȥ֪ˡ
ŵĵط䴫ĵȶȡؾùֵֹģĿͣԼС֡
ŤŤһᱻƨ˳ЦĬĬӣĲԼĲڡ
ҳţȥмֱȥߡػǵȥˮķȴһδ߹ɽ·
˵ɽ·ʵֻһɽ֮ͺ¹С·֮У᫲ƽɢӲݴʯ顣
ϵǣɽ·ϾȻвˣǽеŮӣǿ˵˵ЦЦòġҲпųͷĵˣɽ˲ſӾǱſձɽ˻ǼװӺͱﶼٵװŸɫɽԲҩӶ֮࣬
ƽʱô𣿡ɻ
ֻж˵һʱ򣬸ֲҩһ죬ҩǿһҩҲߡ첻вҩɽÿյͨҲɽժЩҩȥɽժҩ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ڹɽ𣿡
ٴҡҡͷ
˵ϣһҽʲôԳԣʲôԡЩӳѿ֭𣬻һֺɫĻ֭ˮۻ𡭡
ضȤԶǰ֣˵á
Ӧ죬ɽʶɽھӣûһᣬпʵͽˡ
ɽԽԽԽԽϵĺֲʲôӣʲôۻĻ֭类˾⡣ֻΪԵΪһͷȥҲҪ
ҡҲˡˡ
ǰͷʱʱͻͷһۡ
˱ˣˡѾ۵øҪͻǸɽʱǸģһԶȡ
ԵģҪԼ˵ҪԼǸź˵ģǽ֦ҶĹź˵ʹô
㡢ź˵ģ˵
ҿɲź˵ġ˵ӵ˴ù˸ȹĹŮź򡣡
غѹܵһƨɾͷһšǿһɽһ˵ģغܻһŷɳȥûߵԼˤˡ
͵ʲôͲ
Ҳˡ߲ˡ
ذ֣ͣ
͵ͷ߻أһֱۼȥ
յ㶼ǰˣ͵ˡ
һ˵
жٸ
ˣˣ˵͸ˡ
˵
߲ˡҪ߶Զ
ûɽǰˣ
صѾܵۿ
ͺȻͣ½Ų˵ˣ


41 
һƨ˵, Ҳ˲ϵϵʯˡ
Ҳˣ߲ˣҪˣؿ˵
ŵ״һʹ, ɽϵʯһ·Ľţ͵˼, 뵽תͷɽҲҪãԥͻùġ
ɶ·Ϊô, ɶɽΪô, ɶΪһֱƭ
ؽŵۣҲģίͣӲͣ¡
߻ǰ, ¶һ˿Σ㶼òɽˣôҪˣʱ, ÿϧ𣿡
ϧضش
ɽ˶࣬ûʲôɲɡΧΣգϹӡɽ羰ãҲ٣ڿ֪һطҰӺ, Ҵȥ
Ҳȥҽۣһ߲ˡʵҡʲô
סҽ, ûӦʱЬشʧɫ, ŵ, ҽűյö, ȥ͵ֱ, , Ŷˡ
㲻ǽҸ㿴˵Ȼ¡
㡢㡪åͽӣƭӣߺöӴ
Щ⼸ʻ㣬ͷСҲԺлᣬ÷̽㡣ͲΪ˵
ذ֪˴ʻ㶼˵һ飬ͻͷҲ̧ؿĽţǶһյĴβէȻ۵һ⡣
ĿҲ䵽Լϡ
߹ôɽ·ĴָСָԶ˴ɫ׵ĽϸĿſġ
á˵
ˣ˳һ¡
ĽѾӻŽʹֻ̤һ£ŭ
ûĥˮݡһ˵һᰴĽƣͺˡ
ƨ˻еġһҭҭһ治Ը롣
͵ĴֱĽƻһ־ɰסĽţ˰ŵװĦȷʵ˺ܶ࣬ڹܹ˹ŮİĦһʼҲûʲôע֪ôͷŵ͵ķɫȥˡ
̫Сɫ㲻İɫһһڸŵʶҲǿ
̧ͷ̵աĴ͵ƽᡣ
𣿡
ȻձڵرܿߣС˵
û˵꣬Ȼҽ
ͣͣƭ㡪
ۣҽ޲ڵϴץĽƣȭĽϣֱָͣǰѹŵ׵ľ硣
ͶĲҽвΪѶľͨͺˣʹһˡС㣬˻Ϊ͵ɽɱ
ػᣬʹġһյʱڷſĽš
ôǲǸоˣʡ
ҭֹ
ʣĸΪʲôҪºһ˼
һ£ЬȻ׵ǰϵֶ
˽ŵĳÿŵһ飬㿪֡
Ҳĳšû˵ϲ˲ų䣬ϴ³ȥôԼĽŶ
صˣڷſ
ߣǲǺöˡ
ͳ֣ﻹǺǰİ֮һĿ֣Լŵվ
ڵϣȷǰ̫ࡣ棬ƫƫʲôҲ˵һԲϵĻ
أ˵
زĻҲȥϸϻδֵա
ҳϣǲƭ͵ˡ㿴㲻𣿡˵Ҳƭ㣬ôôܳԵӺͱۻĻˮ
һûԵأĹĵػһ䡣
УСȥңˡ
شӱһ
̧ïܵȥһһ߻ͷ˵ϣ߶˾ҪιϹˡ
ҲŲ¡
ǿӲŲȴӿˡ
ôأҪϹӣոϹҲᱻܡ˵
ڷƨڷƨĬĬԼͬһƽϡ
Ұݱ鲼ʯͷҲź̦棬ǰ߹ͺͺɽ·ࡣڳμľʮֵĺ棬ɽʱͱԺֻŶͣ
ʱʱظܳڸĲҩʸҰЩʳãЩо綾ûнܵģûģҲһ䣺
ʲô
ָĵطӴҰ۶һ˵ֲǶӣһһصģкɫơ
ǻԣڵģ㳢𻨰Ͽڵһ档
ؽҡҡͷ¿ڡҲ⣬־ͷŽԼһҧһڡ
ˣҲҩɻȥ۾ˣĸȽ衣ڿ۾ְʣĻӵһߣµĻɩղȥ̳
Ҳѧӣһ
ûдӣ˶ȥ
֪ͱ
˭ͱһ㶡
һŲɽС·ϴͷҲ̧˵ⲻô
dȵֵС·̧ͷȵЦݵػ֡
ɩɩ磡
Ĵdϣһܿ͵ǰd±۷ؿŵϵĻ
ӣ⡣ժ㣬ժ㡣
ȵҲߵǰ°һ
һᣬʧȥȤ鿴ܡͲȥ̧ͷ˵һ䣺Զˡ
Ҿڸػδ䣬ȻһԿɫëСֲعһᣬͷͺȥͣʲôݣ
ͷĻ
ûߵǰϳǰֲ
˵ժЩؼңɹװͷҹϡ
˵۾һ
ôժʲôطʼժ
͸ɴժһ֧ʾˣժݡ
ȻժһᣬԾͶݡ
ͣ¶żҪߣͺƤأ˵Щһͷˡ
һҪ͸ءժ𾢣ͷҲ̧
˭
طָͷһ͸ɩӣң´ξۻʱ͸ɣӡ
ǲǻˣ
𣿡ؾȵѵҲϣҵŮʵòֻ֣ܰɩӣҪ̫࣬Ҳ˼ڡ
𣿡
㵱ȻǰسԾ
˶˰ΣĬĬԣԹһ͵˼
ҪҪΪѵʱҾһ㡣
ʲôɩңͳһ֦Ҫˣ
ͻȻʲôƢһͷˮؿȴһ˵˲Զȵˡ
Ī
ؾĲƨˣժһᣬǰһˣһСɽۼַһ
ȹӣСزɽ¡
ѽ
²֪ſſʲôһĲȣˤȥ
أ͵
ƨɣɽ²ߣˤҲˤֻǿƨɣһ鲻ƽʯͷϡ
û
ػû˵꣬Ȼ
ǰɽ֮¡
һѪ߰ߵʬ泯ţ¶ڵһֻѱ֪ʲôгɭɭ׹ǡ


42 
˳Сɽ·ɿ컬
Ӧÿɽµʬ, ͣҲûֱͣء
زҰ̱ڵأ̿ĿͶһߵǰ, һ̣ƮƮֽƬһһѴӵ
վǰ, ʬ˸ȫȫؾδ, ˫ŷ, ȫֱϵֲûµȥ
û£¡ظţĸ
ֱŲȻ, ŤͷԴʱɽµȵ˵ȥʲôˡ
ȵӵϼ˸֦, ߵʬǰ, ýϴֵͷ֦ʬס
ɫʬףȥ·֮Ƭ̺ȵ֦˵ϵĳաͱ߰ѵ, ʧѪ࣬ǰס˫ִϸɸɾ, һͭ嶼ûС
Χ𣿡˵
ȵýż⻮˻ΧҰ, ҡͷûС
ɽ˵ɡ˵, ѱϡ
ád
סص۾, ת˸, Ȼǰ˵

ȵ״ãȻdһɽС·
˫ȷҲ˲ʲôŮˣʬֻ뾡뿪
͵ıһߣɰǰȥ
ط͵ıϣȻһϤС£ƺǵһηˡ
ʲôʱͱ
Ŭ룬ȴֻж϶ļƬΡ
ϦصӰӣ￲С·

㻹ں𣿡ʡ
ػعӲҲŲ¡
¾ͺá˵ǰûˣ
Ȼ
˱ĸŮгգɢʬ塣
͸ûʲôµˡͲΪ⡣
㲻¹
ôģ
ض˶٣˵ġ
ǲ͵ˣ˵һΣӾΡҪйҲӡ
̲סЦˣľɢ˲١
ȥ𣿡ʡ
Ŷˣȥʲôط٣˵
سԾ˱ɱˣѵô𣿡
ǵÿ˭ɱˡƶϴȶүΪ˷鰸
ʬҪôأ
鲻ݵʬÿ춼УһҲãڳȥˡɽҰ룬۸ܡ
ѵʬҰ⣿ɫ̣ﻹ𣿻ʬȥᡭ
ˣҾûˡ˵Ǹġ
سĬˡ
ųȣ㱳ϻһȻ硣ؿɽ·һһϼ䣬֪ˡ
µɽźЩ˼͵죬С˵ҿԼˡ
δţԹԵǰߡ
ؼǰԣ±ײִߴ飬·߰
ɽҲߴߴɣҲߴߴɣǸ
ƨһ֣Ҷ
һ·һ⣬ѿڶɱ־Ͳ𣿡
ͿһۣʹҪиСūʧ٣𣿡
𰸣Ĭˡ
ϵûںǰΣȻһ߲ʬ塪Ǿϡ£ȱľϡ˵
ɫȻԼɸ˵ݣˣû֪ĻԽֻ˵Ȣϱˡ
ԳҪˣҲֻϵʬ塣
ƨ˵㵱ˣͿ˼ҵȢϱҪˣҲҪҳ
˵ôôףü
Ͷݺݵ˵˭㲻õģӵļҵ׶ϣ㶼׼
˵Ǽ衪
ҲУ
һ·ֵػصңƼһִȵdӳ˳
ȵ˵磬ĻҶóˣ㿴ôԣ
dż⣡⣡
͵ͷ˵üﻹһ⣬Ǿɡd⡣
dϲɫӦһ
߽ŪϦʳȥˣؾԺﵷȵԶ£˵ɩӣ֪ôɹ𣿡
ôɹ¶ɻ
õ̫ɹ
ȵһЦ˵
ȥ˺ԺûһᣬóԲεĴժֲϻҶժʣµŽѧӣһͬԽԽࡣ
ժժţȻ飬һ԰æȵ
Щ᲻ʬֳģ
ȵȻʧЦģɩӡժĵطʬʮǧء
ʮǧ£ڼԶɽ¡
Ҳɽ£Զءȵ˵
Ȼ˵ʱǰǻʬ¶׹ǵʬס
ɱ˻˭ʡ
֪ȵҡҡͷ˵ͷǳյծǮһлỹ͵г̫ˡ
ֵ˭ûյ·ϣʼɽϼһĻ
ϦʳԵñƽ١
ȥ˯ţҵĺڰոİϽ˯ţ˯гֳյ
ηʱ˯һԵͿˣ˯ţ
˯࣬ëӰѸһӵͷɵļëڻ谵Ұ￴ǵںڰаȵ˸š
ʱؾͿʼˡ˫첻µزµ۾ذĲ
˯š˵
Ϊʲô
뵽ɱյֻϣҾ˯š
Ҳһϣ˵ɱ˾ˡ
û˵ȴͬ˵ڲ÷õʱ򳬳ӣһۣܾ־Ͳҵĺڰڹ͵龰˵˿Ժǰ߹
ûк羭ȴñ쬵ġ
Ϳɫ仯ȻԼԼ
ҧ촽˵
ɡ͵һת˵ɱյҲ⡣óһлҡ
ʲô
ػδ䣬ͻȻƽ
ʲôŵӣǰ
ͰƵǣըëļëӱѹɼë
ҪĿƵض
Ŀ̫ǿؾʲô޶һҲҶֻкﲻԾ˿ĭ
㡢ҪʲôͰ͵˵
Ҫ㡪
رɫ
ҡ˵

͵Ļ˵ǲߡ
˻λã泯죬˫ѹԺĵ˵˴ͣһͷҲСġôɽ𣿡
ǻ㣬ȴûϴӦ
ԥΣʣΣ𣿡
ͺȻ濴˫գҲգرһȣʶܿߡ
ڹ߻谵ûвĿ
˵㵣ң
Ȿ֮飬ȴʵøİΣǳں˵ԹذɷƵġ
رʵò˼ӲҵҾûطסˡ
ʹ÷ɿ죺ˣҵףҵĶģôûطס
úõģ˵ʲôġ
ضŭĿӣ㻹˼˵ңղõģ
ҵúܣôûġɫɢűļϡ˯ɣҵϸʲô
ʲôɵɵʡ
˵ʲôͲʡ
ֻϣʼղͣ
ʲôᰡ
ػԼƶŮ֪ʶԺؾ˯ˡ
Ϳа˯գζûۡ
Ȼԧ찡ϡ



43 
ȥպ, ͷһƽ
ΨһһҶķһ¥Уӡµ̻үʹµũһŶǰ, ˻ߵغԼѺĴСһ˫˫ܵ۾Ѫ˿
һŶϷƿЦĽ֪˭һҹƶϴϵĶͽδ, ۾ֻԼҡӡ
һöһӵĳ¥Ϲ, ¥µVһͬ˹ȥ, ϧΪ˴֡
վڶ¥¥ݿǰµӷϷЦһģ㣬ϻһȡ
󣬿ĿռֻаСϷһѳ, Χ֮˶ǸҴ, , üĲòŮСˣ¥ҵ龰γԱȡ
ȡֵĿóһö룬¥Ⱥܼ£һɴȻഫ
ҽһ, һˤһš
˭ϡŭػعͷˡ
¥ڶ̶Ƭڼž
dջ߳ҽţžų߸ߵĸͷ߳һѾһһ, ƮƮֽƬһ, ־͸ӵһߡ
ʹ߳, һƨ֮ڳλϡ
ȵһ˫ַ, , Це˳һ鲼ؽţһؿͶӡ
ȵϥһߣԹ
ͨ¹ڼžĶ¥סͬļͽƲԣԾ߿ˡ
Ͷ洩ͭǮƳµķɫ࣬ϵĵ̸ɲһ۵Ϲŵˣְתϣ
ʲô˼
һö룬ĵذš
ϰ壬˵ͷ򾿾˭ɱȨ
һֱɫ
ڸ𣿡
¥ǰǰһѵѾһ߰йһ˽
һ˲һƢô𱬣ôôã
ɵ̫үߵĺˣ򹷻Ҫˣһֿɲ̫үģ˵
ֲ㣬㶼㵱͵Сˣô֪ͻ̫үǶţ
貪Ȼŭ˵˵ʲôҵԣҽУҽ㻹Ǵ޹еĺŮɣ˵ʲôƨ
Сǲ˵ͺͺһһˮˮôͶˣԱ߹˭
ֵǸҾ˻óȣװģŷ磬ﶨ˺һᣬ˵ǲǺһߵĳ¶𣿡
Ǹʲôģ
ʲô¾͸ʲô˵˵մ˲ôԵˣ
ˣҪǺһòˣô
ִһֻı顣
˼ˣүҵҪ˭ͷ
һʱҲ֪ͺͺһ˵ʲôһֵɫԽԽԵ·ԸʲôŶķͿʼˡ
ǰˣˣˣ
ְԲĴ¥ϸˣƹڶ¥뿪ŵŻǵ
ҲڱϵЩ˲ͬķֻǿ֣ǶķĴͻƹʮֿﲻҲֻв鲻Ը߳ŵķݡ
ҪǲߣЩְӱȻֵ׳Ǿˣ
ķװ󣬺һˣ
Ȼ׽ˣΪʲôֱˣ
˵ĵҶҲΪ㡣г룬ɢɢؿαϣ˵ˣҲֶܿ顣ף
ڽմŵĶķãڿ´򿪡
ʹͷ߳СɽdؿڹĹңЦøƵȵ
dһһǣų¶˻ǸˣֻǱҲѣס͵ƲҲȾźôһʺ졣
˳Ͻ棬һߵǰСӻ̯һľ⿴
үɣֻֻҪʮǮ̯
Ƭ̣Ƕ֮󣬲ӣ
үû𣿲Ҫ
㡪
ת׷뿪ķ
ԶԶֱˡټһŰۣĵˣһ߽үĸۡ
ʲôأ˼⡣
˵ڶգ֪˴𰸡
ͷǸ̰ƺɫֵСµˣ⵨СĸҲûʲô캦¡Խ˻Ժ˶ãͷþ͹˶á
ʱ£үã¿İնӿſڿ֡
赱ȻҲڿֵȺ
ܻ֮ؼңΨһĹĭתš
װģ̫үģµüɫ裬ΩΩФϧΨһĹ
͡Ҿûôˣȸ̫ү˺һһӣŴ˵
ڹһȣ˵ĲΪɫ˿ɵشڲ˿ϣ޶Ŀ÷Ѿβ׶Ρ
ֻǳ¶Ϊһ£ڶ·һΪ˱ת־ͰͷˡҲ֪Ǻһвʲô֧֧Ҳдˣֲֻһֵ¡˵꣬µĳϼ㣬˵ʲô𣿡
ˡվߵ£͵÷ͷ£ףüմŴһ֦滨
һֲ̣ˤ
ҽһƨ
ҽѾˤƨɶˣ㻹ǲ׽㰡е
˵Ҫ׽㣬ͱ˴ˡ
Ҹոպ˵ôң˵ǲǻǹأ
ѳˣȻǹ˵꣬˶٣˼ϵĺ÷ֻһ޼Ŀ֮ȴˡ
жô࣬ҲŲֻһܳͷء費˵ͷƨطҸ۵˵Ȼˣǲȥǣ˵ǻʵˣĴǺò˵̸󡭡
軰δ˵꣬ɨȥ
ȥǣûŵ죬ȥ˾ǣס
ʲôҽҳ˵Ҫǲ빬ȥطҲСֻˣһߣȥĶǼң
ڲǺʱͷĺ÷ʱ㲻Ҳˡ
費Ȱˣ㣬С뷨˵°ͷţҲ
̫үĹӣʡ
ûش
һ룬һϸϵȻõ̫¹ۿ
һᣬĴǹ
˵֪ĹӺ˽˵ѣôʶѵѣ
Ҿ֪㲻ĿǸ廨ͷ
ֻǡȣ¶һ˿ɻ
ֻʲô
ʹϸӲ޵ķʸô꣬ͺһల£ΪҪðſһֵķգΪһȨƵ֮˳ͷ
ҲãȻˣǰΪʲô
ǲ֪ʹ˾ٺ⣬֪ʱ˿̣ͬһƬ£һС˵֣
Ҹң˭СңҺõѸ𣡡


44 
ûСˡģġ˵
⻹Сˣ۾, ӭŹ߰ϵС˿ֿüͷԽ˵ҵģҵộҵͷôҵ۾ô֥һôֻ̲һأ
˵ĶʵԭٿһҲҪ졣
ҡûôѧŮ졭С˵, ˫ֽѣˣ㲻Ҫ˾ǡ
ȴûӡ
ΪⶫɽιӡͰϲ֣ʺɸ, Ҳӡ
ؼ, һ˵ĲãܹĵһŮƷҪ汻ӵ, ϲ˵ﻹǻѹ
߻ңضߣʱΪĶ齣齼ϵߡ
ÿ, ˽
ǶèĹ, 㻹ʲô
Ҳ壬һ˵ţսľͷСϻ, úõ岼ŵһߡ
齼ϵĿռóһŲóɰƴСֽ, ȥ
ȼʣһ֦ͷıѾͳֳˡ
վŹۿ, ԽɫԽ, óԱ, һۿ, һۿû˵㻭ܻôͲˣأǲǹģ
ƨͷƨ
ר־ػԼѵǸɩӵģӶรԢӦϲѣڶֽ˶ȶ˵ҺܽءȻ׼ˡ
أ˵û
Ů׶ˣؼʾͻһ͵ңȴ˺þá
˺þò˵ƷĿ
͸ͣҲһˡȻ֪ôȴŰۣ۵ĳƷء
أ㡪һ٣Ȼץס󡣡ָôˣ
ؿһָСĺ㣬˵ҵʱСĴ̵ˡ
Ϳҩûüͷ
ͿҩվͺˡؾЩС֣Ц˵ʼѧŮʱ϶ءøԣòѧŮ졣
ʲôϵΪʲôҪΪԣ
ԽδķȻҲմԽĹ⡣
üÿɷɿصת߳ңûһᣬһûĴպ˽
齼£ָСһ͵ĶͿĨر̺ĵط
ʲôغ
ͿҩָŵǼᣬŵһ΢ζ
ĥɵҩ࣬ԸСƤ˻СͺϹӣĿ齼ϵ棺˭
ȥɩӡ
㿴·𣿡ʡ
ػһ£ûС
ͽ˵ֻ·廨ᣬɩĻҲҪĻ
˿˵οɩæι˻Ҫȥɽ񣬺ӱߴˮпиôӵң
عЩȫû֮أ¶һʧ
Ǿֳֻɵңٰװȥˡ
˭˵ģ֣
㻹֪ӣصɴۡ
㡣ü
ز֪ҪʲôæһԵĻӵϡ
ӣ̶岼Ǵıرߡ˵ǱرԲͨŮ˵ӦǸʶĴʻ㣬ô˵ô˳ڣ
õӣ֣岼
صһǰúõ岼˵Ҫʲô
жش⡪岼ᳵ·ع̶˻ϣ֮֮ϤֱŮػҪУ
㡢㻹Ů죿ؽͰ͵˵о綼㸲ˡ
ô˵
ԵԶҳȴµһֺó
ŮŮ죬־ܿ񿼿ƾֻ˲һ֪УŮҲֻŮ˲Ż¡
ͣµһֺóȻŮ죡
زʲôǺһĹ룬룬ˮĶشҰο
ִֻ˵ʱŵز˵ϸµ߻Ҳ˿ָֻͷ߾Լ뷨Ƶģ岼شԼʱȻͬ
ؿˡ
ϾȻлŮӣ
ʱȥ岼ѾѵĳΣ˵Ȳ˹ЩˮƽѼĳ̶ȡ
ôŮ죿̲סʡ
޼ҿɹĹ¶ԽԽ׻ȥ˵
ӡ
ûԵʱ˶ɱø廨ôˡͷҲ̧赭д˵һǵãСʱһѩûгԵģû£ֶһ̾ҪԶ˯ȥʱҪ˸һ࣬Ьȥ򡣡
˵䵭·ǲϵ¡ڶȴ޶һᡣ
ǰ߸ߴͣԺֵ︡ȴѩһڵĹ¶
ʱҾ㲻һŮͺȻ˵
ΪʲôȻ仯Լϣһαװ¡
йͨˣû̧ͷۻĿ⾶ֱص˫ۡ
һһ˿ƿۡ
ôҵ幤аɣͺȻ˵
سӿȥ岼ϵѾ˴룬˵ϳ¥ٱȽͷɶ۵ƷҪϼֹ
ã˫۷۰Ͱ͵ؿ岼ϱ˵Ǹأ
ޣӲŲ˵ҰԣҲ⡣
˵ɣҪʲôڴؿ
ҪһңҲ˵ԼôãΪʲôҪң
ͻȻɻû̫ͣãΪͺȻƽ
ֱֱض۾Ҫ͸ŵͫףֱġ
ֻҪʵشһ⡣
ʲʲô⣿
Ҫ巢ģƭҡ
ⶼ֪ôõأؼˡ
ֻôһҪ󡣡еĻӣһ¿ˮ̵ӣ㲻ӦԼɡ
㡪
ؿһѴ壬ּȦˡ
ͼƲԣڵؿһ¼齼ϵĻӣ˵ɣҵ⣬پҪҪĻش˰ɣ
⻹˻
ص˵ͷ֪ʲôõóĸġ
㡪Ͱѹ齼ϣӳɫһ̬档̬ȸȾأҲ˿ĭ鲻Խؽʲô
㣬ͻһؿ۾ǻʵ۵Ů𣿡
ʲô
شסˡ
˻壬ֻʣĿ⻹գҲգͣϡ
ˣҪشҵ𣿡
˵ҵȻ
ġʹ
˿ڿˮܲشִ⡣
ʵ۵ŮˡƺҲڣ
Ĺݣƾ仰ͷ͵һٴˡ
ʵ᲻͵幤ѣô£ܽأȻҲǲˣҲûˣҪһʯƵҡ
ҵ巢ġض˸ۣһһٵǴ΢ˣͬԽϦദǺ
ȷסڴ΢ڴ΢
ҲĺԽϦദͭˮﶼӰ
ҲǺ
һֶûѣܺػӦ͵ֱӡֱؿҲİõغš
Ƭ̺ɫһɡ
ʵûãǶļƣҪ˻ʵ۵ŮˣôĶ֪
Ҳûôֹ
ⲻǱ⣬ͲʺչĶǵĵطͷδƷ
ʺغ׷ʡ
ͷҲ̧ԥ
ӵĵط


45 
һ, ͰҪҶˣԼõĺʯҡ
ʰ齼ϵңʲôʱȥɩ, ȴͺȻ֣еһŻƵʮȻط뻳С
ҡ˵
νŻԭͲҪ, һ, ġ
˵㲻װ
ִӻͳҵݸ
պ齼ϵңǰԺ
ǰɹõĸϸѡŷŽ, װóȥҪһСÿﶼ䡣
ϵҺõǰţ¶ı顣˵, ĥŰʣµ
ػûüٰ, Ϳˣ
Ҫȥһˣ¸µļøڳ̳ˣԼŻ
Сع, һŻƵ·Ž˻
غɵؿĶҪң
Уü
ֹȻУϹҲ, ֲϡ
ֳԴزͷ, ֻһסͷ
˰, ġ
ϰҵͷ̧
ֻСӲŲϲͷͬʱջ, ˵, һ
Ҳȣ
δţֱţֻԴͷ˻ӣ
ˣ
ƨˣ˻
ˮͶӰ̺õķ١
ƨˣΪܺڿûйŮˣ
ȷͷûɢתߵͲӵ̳
һֱװ̳ڵ۾
һ̳ӣôҲ
ҲβˣѾһʼȫȻ֪״̬ˡмϵһʮģһֻѼҲʮģһҲӣһ֮ͨңʮ㹻һĳˡ
һ¾ûӣʲôӪ
صǰֳһĻʻĻ棺
ܲ͸Сһ׵ĸ̱ϣdڴڳ⣬ڴںȾƣȵⱼһ׻ӡ
磡Ǯյˣ
Ƥһ̧˻֣
˺Ʊ
磡ȵ
ߵȵǰһԪһаֿķֶ˵ĲǸˡ
ڡ˵
ش˸Լоѹ
ɣ
͵ظ̳ǣסǷ·̹ͷӡ
Ƶĳƺ磬ĻŻŵ߳ڿǰԺת
͡Ӧòɣ
⣬ӣ˵Լ⣬ʲô⣬Ż첻ţųꣿ
ԽԽûףҧҧͻûԶϽ׷˳ȥ
İȾѪǮ͵飬ǳԿʲˣҲҪȰ͸вɡ
سŵʱѾųȲӰ˿·ѡȥеұ׷˳ȥ
ҲãҲ촹￲мС·׷˰ΣΪԼߴ·ʱӰڳС·ͷ
ػûҪҪڽѾһðŴ̵СԺ
ȥʲô
С·Ѿ߹ˣûܹԺסʲôˡ
ͣͽȥԺſڣ飬òô졣
׷ȥһһ׵ĸ̣Ҫ˵ʲô
ظʲô
ȥûǸùƨˣû·ô̳ʲôϰ£
ĺջսʤ˾£ˣʣȥ
ãûнݣվԺģȵdҲǱ׵ĸ̣һĸˡ
ⲻǻæ׼ϯķ
Ǹ׾ѾõĸˣͶʲô
صɻڿʹӻͳ֮𾪺ͲֱҪͷըǲľŻ
򣬻ַŽȥأ
óҺ˵ʲô͵壬ķҺˬʴЦף͵ƨһ£
ס죬㾪г
ͺȻŤͷſĿŵһƨɵϡ
Һãû͵
ڵߣֻʣˬʵ
ֲǵһƨɣʲôϵ

𾪣
ش˿̵ڿĸӵصһ𾪡
͵ٴȥҪǷһɱڡ
ؾʧֳΪ̫ŵԵʣЩԼȹˤһӡ뷮СԺʱֻһͷ
ף
һ˵ǷﶼʮˣͲͼǮѵͼְԲӶ
Ůﰡʴ۰氡˭ָ·
û⣬أ
ҺسؼңסվҲվסֻڹͷӬת
磡ȵʵ𣺡ɩӣҺdռˣ
ȵƽͬʱ˿̣ضԣȴһɽسѹ
ûҪô죬ȵѾֺشţȵռ˽dβȵлζĺҶζ
ôɩţأȵЦ
硢硭ؽͰ͵˵
ôˣȵע⵽쳣ɫ
ȥˡ
ȥĶˣȵɫɻ󣺡û˵Ҫȥ
ҡҲ֪ػŻŵתݣ±ۼȵʲôߡ
ƨ˰ƨˣһȥˣȴڣ
ȵŽݣϵһң۾һѾˣϵһܽҿ˿˵һ
ﻹǺܻţǱȵĻһ˿ģʵҲ֪ͻŮ죿
ȵһЦ˵ʮʱ͸ŴˣʮһꡣҪ˵ĶӺܲס
Ϸռ̧أĿһ̬˿Ц֮⡣
Щʱ򣬴Ϊǳ˲ٿࡣ˶٣˵ϣúãҲϣɩܿĺá粻Ứɩӣʵʵĺá
֪Һá
ܲ𣬶ȥˡ
ϻĸһ
ȵָֻƽղı飬ЦɩӼȻҾͲϻˡ
˵ȥݲ衣
һڣزſʼڣֲˮӵĲ裿
ȵ˵粻ڣǾͲˡռ÷ʱɩҲصģûǽȥȻҲͲԶòŶþͻˡ
Ĳɵ
ȵЦЦdһ뿪ҡ
¼ֻʣһˣû˼롣
һֱΪҲˣ֮ſʼ⡭ףµ
̵ط˼ԼǰʱǮ̫ࡣ
Ҫˣ˵Ҳ·ҲǵģҪûǮֱ˵ɣΪʲôԸȥףҲҪأ
ѵǰ㲻
û˽ΣûƯѣû˱ûˣֽһŲóãôһԾȥأû˿׶˿ɾͼ񲻻ˣ
ûԵʱ˶ɱø廨ôˡ
͵Ļ»ߡ
ʹļףȥ׵
֪˽û뵽ôȻһϵأϧΪΪס
̾ü˼˷ӣóһöԲļҪָһ
̫ܺطָ꣬Խݣ㲻ҪˣҲҪΪһƷٵǿ塣
ָֻһյӡ
ضջ¯ǰóĻȼĲҶӽ
ƨͰͣڵΨһΪˡ
һߣ߳ļңǰŵķ˵ˣdȥɣи̹һ˰Բˡ
Ҳţֲǲ֪Цڿ治һˣˣ֪ˡһǵСʱ򣬸ͷû˸ߣȴú֡ιѼѼʳһ붼С͵Եģ֮󣬻ڵҪҧˡڶСİأ
ǰľˣܱܲˣšüͷ
Ӵˣ֪ˣƨʱ򣬻ҩ֡
ۼ˵˾Խ˵Խ࣬ͲͷشĻ
ˣˣˣߴߴɣҲˣ
Ҳڵز˵ǰҸͷʱǾ˵ˣ㣬Ժң㲻ҾϱȥҺϱ˵ǰƨɵϵǸô
㡪
͸һתһסڸׯںææش￲汼˹
ֵܣ
˦ֻûЬĹѾӣܵǰͳɤӽе
ȥɣ


46 
ͷΨһһҿջ, һݸʳСˡ
͹٣ƲһӡСЦ
ݸӲԲֱӴӻͳһʮӷŵʣľյԡ
Сֱۣ⡭
, ûĹʮ, ò毺á
СЦ˻, ԭûдֱıǹһֻϺף
͹ҾͶ, û˭ӹҵ۾
ûУʡ
УС˵͹Ӧ֪, ǰó˴£ͷ뾩ǲԶ, ͷѵ˻١ʮ, ò毺õĹ, ֪ǲ֪ĸǿ͹ҪҵĹ͹ٿĻ񣿡
˵, Իʵü
Ҿ˵, , ֱǡ
С٩٩̸, ĬĬŮӵסС
£͸¶ֺ
ޱ齫ӳСһץס, ͷ͹ٷİ, СǸԣ˵ˣ
ʮϵĳ˿ջһ·ŮǴȥ
˴ѰԽ, ³, ܳΪµİ֮׵Ļ, һ·ʧ̫Ρ
ͷһӸ˵ƽƽСûбϣҵԽǹڽݣҲصĿԸ
ֻϧˣ̽صĻᱻʮһȥ
˵ǣԽŮסԶҵǣ崦Ҳʧ崦
ΪԽİȫĻĵˣֻܰд̽ʵԽδϢѾ֪粨
ֻһЧȻࡣ
ӿһ죬һٽֵĲǮһǲϣҲĿ۲Žÿһǰ·ˡ
Ҳ֪ȥصİʮһɹΣǷѾҵԽĺۼ
˼Ƭ̷ɢҵ˭ҵ
һĽۣһ걻׳ӳķ
һ׳֣ЦŶԵϵ˵
׳סүޣպٻһֱֻɣ
һǱ˫ֳŵ棬ȹһȣһֻȡжƵģڵشӵվȻ׳߽ķˣĶһ
Ŷķſڷ޷޲ƽ
ʲôʱ˵ˣһ㻹һ㻹ֲǲүû˵ʲôĸУҸҴӵ۵ģǹۿ˵ͣүүܵģ
Ľһ׳ӰڶķſʱȻֹèһؼβͣת˶Խֲ
˶ܿߣ
׳ԥĶ
û㰡ģ׳ҲʾͶǰĲˮһ
ǡԼ
ʲô׳̧ϸӱغ
ˡ
˭׳ϵĲ˵Ĳյֵˡ
һʮ
ⷶΧͦ󰡡׳˵ҵ𣿡
ûҵ˵ҪҵŮӣйɫ֮ò黭˵ͷˣ࣬ΧҲ󡣡
úÿʮꣿ׳ӹתһȦȷ𣿡
ʲô˼
ͷҲסŲ˼ء׳˵ҵ֪һйɫ֮òŮӡ
Ц֮ǰҵЩˣҲôҵġ
ҺЩʶֵİ׶Ტۡ׳֪ɫ˼𣿡
֪
ȻҲǶ˽ӵġҪӵۣ˵ҲǸ֥ˡ׳¶⡣
¶ڽδ֡
׳ǰ㣬ѹҸҵŮӣʲôô
һ𣿡Ц
׳ȳָͷҵٸңҪûҵҷĲȡ
ɽ
ʮĵĴָĦ䳤ҵԽ֪Ȼ¡
ҲУ
˵Ĵںδʡ
Ҵȥ׳վ
˽ȥһ·ϣ׳̸ӶнȴóĶΪݣҪһ仰м˵
һʱ׳ָһԶԶСԺ˵ǶˣҴȥ˾ϣϵƦͷӸȢš
ˣ
ճײãҲû֤ˣҲΪս䵽ġ
ʣ֪ʲô֣
٣˼ҵĹһô֪ƽҪһɩҲ͹ȥˡ׳ٺЦʲôȷʵ֪ҲֻżȻһˡҷýʲôϸңأҲûȥ˶ŮûʲôȤϲӻұ֤Ůӣ˵Ĺɫ㡭
˵ģǼԺ𣿡Ӳ֪ΪЩء
ǰǡ׳˺ߵĻ۾Լ޳˴ݶôộ
ʾѵԶˣһ¾Ϳ˶ߡ
ɫ˵ˡ
ʲô׳һææǰȥģɱյҼȥˣ
˼ӿŲŨ̳СԺ˳ũ⣬ʱԼ£һգµˡ
Ӻ׳ϵԺӵʱѾֵȺΧŲһŮǾһ۷׷׵
ô졭ӻû
ȥĶˣȥ֪ͨ𣿡
ȥˣˣ
ȺһɧʮĺȻ˴ײԷֲ̫µ˺ü
ֻһĸߴƿȺԥسš
˭ʮü
ǾͣϵĶͷӣƽû˸ǰ֨׳ƽûԿһл㲻Ĩ
ǰصĽΪϧǣԷȻһվԭء
׳ٴοӵӣܱһѻ棬ҵ¡
ͳݣûˣ嵽صĳÿװаˮ̨ͭܵϽ
̵úúõķɢˣϵµĺۼŮڻңɫ̲ڰ׷飬ȴϷŬ
ǱģĪĴŭⷭڣһѶͭڵϣߡ
Ҳߣѷչģ˦֣ʧȥϵͭ衣
ɵٲ߾߲ˣٴȥ֡
Ҳߣغһǿ̶ʱˢӿ˳
ôأôأ
ֵǮҪµģΪЩ
ֻո𣬾ܰѼš
ôô뿪
ƴȥó̵һˮڳͺԺˮס
ˤˣͷɢˣˣ޶ִҴҵܻˮǰ´ˮ
ĺŬŬȥԼĴ󣬿ʲôöûС̫Сֽ̫̫ܵǰԽȼԽߡ
ؼȺ
Բͣûܣܰѻʲôȥͣ
žȼյĻ˳գĻ⡣һգҲ޲ߵһСԼСԼΪβ񻰱һаٵսʿһ֮Ťתпİܾ֣
˵ҵĴЩǮģҪǱչ⡪
չչ⣬ʲô˲ģ
ǡ
صĿȻһС
ֻҪֵǮĻڣչô
һѽͷҲصسŨ̹ĳ
ԺΧ۵Ǽȫ뿪𺣣ʵĻȵd׳걧ˮͰҲˣǳԺӣһͰһͰϽȥϨڶ
ʮվڵȺۿűӷŵŮ
ǷԽ֪ʸ߹ţǰˣ
ɪ̣һǱһһĺӡžѾҲмϣʱʽͷһҲûУҲɸɾ˫΢ŵǣ½ǵ˫֣Ⱦңģָ׷Լкɫ۹
ôǸԽΪΪݻɹԽǸ׵Ұá
ÿ̽鹫İ϶ŴƱΪʲôΪԽĸ߱׼Ҫ
ԽݳޣǳġҪȻҲµΪѰ챦
ԵĲ˵ԽȻͥǣ½ŵΪ
ʮתߡ
ôˣҵ
׳׷һѱĳͺĲӡ
ҲҶ񱻶ס˲ӵǰ㣬ɴ۾ؿǰˡ
ϷˣңҲȡʴȡ׷Ҳ顣
ջؽͷҲصˡ
׳ĿվԭأԲŽеĺ⡣
ⳡ𣬿ܿͱ׳ˡףǰû˴μҾߣʧޣȼľ϶Ȼ󣬵ȴŵĺľͷ
˳ʧأݼûյʲô
æɢȥȵdȥתƣֻʣغˡ
żǰűѬ÷ڵ棬δδ
˵ɣôġĶ棬ɱشһ˿ʡ
̧ͷ˵Ϊĳҭһһ
ҧ촽ڵ䡣Ϳͳһŵϡ
ȭͷ˸۾Сضڹ۲᲻ͻȻŭĵӵĺӡ
ѹŭ̯ơҪʲô˼еĴЩճɸͽıڵ⵰
ؽģһö
һֱģһö
Ϳֿȷֻһöͨ켦ʲô𼦵
Ӽ̧ۿأӭ⵴õίһھͱ
ǣǡ
ĿǻĵĿ
ͣԲ𡭡


47 
΢Сʧ, ѹĵһݡ
벻ףΪʲôջһС£Ҳܱҡ
Ů죬˫̵ֱֺסΪ˻ŮʦϿ, սսؿһ, ڶ, ˹
嵽һ岼, һŮ칦¯ĹŮ˵, ǿ
Խݼ汸, ͨ徭, ͨ黭, ŮҲˣΪ䷶
, ʱԽ, ʱ, ־Լǡ
Ů׾, 徭ҲڿĴ˿ûＤεϲ黭, ǹֻ黭ɹʱ䡣һϰ, ո㶨Ȼ빬ʲôҲ˵óɪΪѹ
Ǹ覵Խ̫Զ, ԶżĴ, 

ظ˷񶨵ĻشԽٵ, Ҳ׾ޣʲô¶õҪùǧٱ
һԡ
δεۿ䣬ԸǰǱƴֱȥȴԽԽࡣ
ˡ
ʹӶס֣ɫΡ
ֻžϲ֪Լڳʲô𣿡
سҭû˵
ŲԼʲôˣֻ֪ԼҪôܲһӵʧ
ɿȥһᣬٻʱණһľзϣȻôʪֽϸĲա
ͻǸͣĶȴƽʱ͡
ְϵҷһߣʰ֣ϸϸظϵָۣҲû¡
ؿſţֵ
ȵϣ̧ͷ۵׳޿κΡ
ôֿˣ
Ҳֵôá˵
ֵֵã˵˲㡣ָ̧֣ȥۿµ飬˵ˣ㻹ʲôޣ
յĶô죿ر죬жйļƣԺһ㡣
ʲô⣿ҵĲģ˵վˣûֵǮ̫СˣĽҲɡյúã
ٴһ仰Ц
οҡô˵ȴѾͣˡ
ҰοԼء˵ģǻġֻҪ˻ڣʲôȥǰˣֻҪӻڣȻܾʲô˵ģ޿ˡʱʱ򣬶ֵޡ
һæַƨʲôģ˵Ļ
ãҲ˵Ҳˡ
ǰ£̧Լȹ
ʲôһţæסԼȹӡ
ˡ
Ͳ֣ȹϣȹµĳĿϥǲλаƴһƬѪͿƬѪĬƬ̣ؾĳĿ㡣
մżҵ¶˳ȻǱ¸ӰϾСȶǣСȵȥ͸£һסĽ
𶯡˵
ӲСһˡ
ͼϾȥԽǿϥƬѪλãĶԽСġĿھϥϣ¶ˤ˺ôһĺϥǡ
ô˵ɫѿ
˵Ӷ㱻ˣֻƸϥǶѣʲôȥ᣿
ʪֽɾһŵϥϣߵľ룬˵ŵ㡣
زսϵķ֡
֮Ĳñøᣬͽüͷһһ㣬˿̽պá
ÿһβɪỻĴ
ôֵģ૵
ûϥôһң벻ֶѡ
ɾϥϵѪգľɴظ
Ͷһǰ֡
ʣ㾭𣿡
ڽƮܲͱؾ˻žС
ɴ̧ͷص۾˵
ܷʲô£ֻҪ˻ţͷ´Σգ붼Ҫ룬ӰȾܡû
Ȼ˵ʲôС
˵ͷСˡ
ͰɴŻľУľվغȻ˵
Ϊʲôôã
Ҳ˵
ΪǴˡ
¶ɻ󣺡ٳ׵ˣҲô𣿡
ѾߵſڣԻͷһۣɫŹ֡
ֲ档
ݣ߿ˡʣһ˲üͷ
棿ʲô˼
ؿԼϥǣһϸģ󻹲ȹָԭ
Щӣǰû˶ôùأȴ˵ļҸˡ
ɨϣȻһ㶡
󼦵أ
յýڵĳһСϼ๤Ŷȣ̵ذһö
߽̿ȵ̲ס磬⼦ʲôϡģ㿴˰ˡ
㲻͹
˭Ŷ
ҲŶ
ȵ̸ϵıѳһУת磬ô죿𣿡
ؽ˵Ǯ
Ȼŷʣ˵ùȻûϰγִ󷽣һȵȷ̳󣬰ѱϵĽ̿ӽ磬˵೯͢ǰٵطΧǣôһ㶯û
ڵŻˮ㣬ʲôɫ󼦵СķŽؿڡ
ͷãЩʿǿˡȵһЦ˭Ҳ뵱һεõӵĴ཭ɽҲȷʵûˡ
˵ŸոտʼҪһʱա
Ҳʳգʳ⡣dһûһµشŵϵĽ̿ûˣûˣռˡҪ⡣
һƨɣҡ
ȵ˵ɵ磬ɩӺ忪ˣ˵һռˣҲܱ
𣿡d˫۷ͻῪ𣿡
ңͺüŭӣһŷɳ
dƨϰһţüԱŲŲ
ȵίί˵ƭӡ
ȵҡҡͷ治ܹҡ̧ͷ󣬺Ȼ˵ɩӣ
Ҳ棿˵
ô磿ɩˡȵվ˵ɩôˣҺͶɨͺˡ
һվſڣС˵æʲô
⡭
ȵ͡
СʹСվذ棺Ҽ๤ҪԶȥˡ
˵ѾؿļߵԺĹȥˡ
ؿѼڹϿ˿ģȻôļȫ£˼²˼ţЩʵʵزȽ
Ǽɩģȵջߡ
ȵȻ⣬Ŀȴûɻ󣬶ǴһĨȻЦ⡣
ǡز˼˵ֻˮ󼦵ȴӡ
˶٣ɫûڣһҵ
ɩӴˡȵЦ
ˣ
ȵԺųԼ͡
Եǰˮ󼦵ȴǳԹı顣
ǵһ˸󼦵ءȵջߣЦеؿأԴԣҪԭҪ
͵ӻĽزп
ȵֵؿӣɩ𣿡
ظЦ˵ҶĽԼ
ȵȻЦˡ
ɩ룬ʲôá


48 
սĳܿͱƵ, һʵߴĳԭеľַ
³գȵռ³ɡ
˭Ҳû֮ǰĻֻ֣ػʱʱԼ
ÿʱضǵıӰȥ, ô찡
ҲֱͿ, ȰӪ, ÿÿӭĿ, ׼õ˵ǾͿںˡǺ, ôҲ˵Ǿ䣺
ˡ
һգ첻ͳˡ
ϴʳû, ڹ°̾, ֪Ǻá
ͬٳ׵ʱ, Ͳʲô׬ǮҡͶƳʲôˣػȰӪ², ôҪԷ, ֮ҪԴС
˵˵ȥ, Ǯ⡣
дŵǮ, ôϻûܻǮļܣ
룬͸һļס
ǴֲʶũˣһҲһͨŵĻᡣдžͱҪż, һ˵ķ, ƷζΣҾΣֽͨѡܿɼһߡ
ףྫ׵ļ㻭ӡ, ĸ̳
˵Ȳ黭ҵԭ, ΪƷһֵ, ԡ
뵽ʲôʲô˳سţֱΨһһľ
õƹһЦ˻
ˣ벹Щʲôǰ복ֽˣ
뿴Щʲôż㡣˵
ؿŰ복ֽѾ˺õĴͻƹ˵Ͱ˵еż㣬Ϊÿżɫ
ص˦ƹʮֲֹƹΪż㣬һ۾һɫż㡣
˸ۣûаƹıһӦ¡
ּۻ֮ذҪ۴һӲѹһһ
ƹ۾·ͷʶ
˵ˮī𣿡
Уˮī۸ˣɫǳãҸ㿴⡭
ҾҪˮī˵ҡ
õƹ鲻Ըظī
ֽ뿪˺ãصҺͻûݵķϲֽںñīֽ⣬Сī
ˮī۸ˣīɫѵҪۼ۸񣬳ʯī۸ͣҪīɫ֬īˮīʯīΨһƾī嵭ּɺ󼸺ζ
Ҫľīɫѵɺζص㡣
Ҫͷ컨㣬Ⱦɫĥ߱ز٣ֻ֪ȴ֪ϸţˮīһʡʱĽݾ
Ǿһһŵֻ㡣
ɾ棬ڼһżŵļ㻭ſ滭
ΪǵһŻ㣬ø棬һСģżͱһš
ÿһţɶ͵ˣҲա
غòһûػһţɣȲؽǣŸճ¯ĻԺ¡
͸ɫֽӳɽص磬ˮīѵīɫճɽǳ̣ۿȥһɽ
ؾú⣬ֻԼĿ룬Żȥɩ
ɩסԺҲԶĻ͸ʱɩСԺͳǰ
ӿŲһţغɩ֡
ظպ˵һɩˬоԺûȣž͸Ŵˡ
ɩһѣһЦ
ССԺɹһɫѣһ¸ϴųıԺһСʣһϴ裬°϶źüӵѡһ趹ƮɢԺ
ɩӣæ𣿲Ȼҡ
ػû˵꣬ɩЦŰԺӡ
ЩˣæʲôæôˣʲôҪҰæ𣿡
㿴óĻ㣬ֵǮ
ɩԿ򻨼㡣
⡭Ȱѷ£ŪֽɩӴҴҽѴһϣȻ˻ֲŽӹ㣬ϸϸض⿴
ֺֽÿģںģɩĿ¶̾ôһţǱһֽҪɣ
˵ֽҲͿ˵ƨֽһҲҪġ
һŻģؾʮˡһܻĻʮţһģʮžӣȴҪ׬Ǯˡ
ֻϧܱ¶ݣһԽĻ㣬һǧҲṩӦ
Ҳֵ֪ܲһֽǮɬԼĻ㡣
㻭ģɩһŻĿӾ̾㲻ŮɫվȻҲã
ͳ֮ǰǿҪ˭֪ңɱڡҲֻЦЦԴ˱̸ܶ
ãеĻҾˡ
Ҫȥ⣿ɩֵֹ֪ܿ
֪ص˵ͷ
ûֹ㣿
ʵת͵̬ȣɩɫӣҡͷȻ๫ûҲ˵ʲôˡ⻨úÿûյģֻҪۣСıѹۡ
ؿĵЦˣһģлɩΪҲı˻㣬һɩӳԷ
ģɩЦɱϴְѳˡ
ز˼ЦЦɩӱȡЦңֳôЦء
㰡Ҫѧ³Уͳȥæһ죬ҪܳȲˣǸĺãɩЦ˵пյʱ򣬵ɩҽ㼸ֲˣ㡭
ɩû˵꣬
ҿţ׳
غɩһۣɩüͷ˵ԩֻˣҪû¾߰ա
Ҳ׳Ӵ˳Ӧˡ
ɩźصͷԵ˵ͷܿ׳˳ȥ
׳ıӰֹҪҵɫΪʲô
ɫһ䣺ٿСͰڳ
׳в죬޼ѹԼȴֺԡһ̬סֱۣȵȥ
˵ʲôҶ㲻ԸҺӽӴû˵ôĻѵͲң
ûǮ͵سֱۣҪɣ
ҳ㣬ȥĸҪ׳˵
㿴ңɾ󶼲мסﻹܿٳǮȥģŭ
Ҳˣ׳ͨһֱۣ䷢ĵĲˣһذɣٶģҾͲˣҾʮ˲Ҳúҡ
ˣϷŭ㻹أҪĻڸˣͺúûҿҵ͵Ĵԣ
Ҷģǰ̫ˣӽԺҶģ׳˵֪ˣҪǲңҰͳ㿴У
˵㵽ûлڸģÿıֲУϻˣɫȴѻ׳ȥ֣Ҳˡ
ҲԺ󣬿ǶӿûԺˡ׳֣Ȼ
⻰ʲô˼ü
Ƿ˶ķһǮҪǻϣǻɱ˶ӵġ׳ˣٰһء
ϱɫһ˦֣ŭĿӵȻǻƭǮģ
ҲǣĲǣģ㲻ӣĻûġ׳סϵȣ
ŭɶһİ׳ϣǿиɵһ㵹ˤڵء
Ҳٱƭˣˣ֧㣬ΪʼҶӣͷ⣬Ҹı䲻˵ʵҪƭǮⲻܣΪﲻҪ㣬Ҫ磡
˵߽꣬ݡ׳ӵ׷ȥȴţƴţѹľϣǿн롣
׳޺˺üֱȷĲܴõǮʧǵ뿪˼ҡ
Ǯϣˣ׳ٿҲûˣӲ˲۾ᣬãȻǰһʧǣһϡ
ȵعŷԼߵȥķķ
ȥķȥ
ŵһ飬æת
Ѿˡ
ָ׳˽ΧסǶķףһߵˡ
λ磬ôڶķţ߰µ˵ĻȥҼҺȿڲɣҼﻹиµпТǡ
׳к£ЦԽֺã޲ùȥЬֻҪԸ⵱û
ԸΥһ׳سס½Ц
׳ʱ䵽ˣȥطɡ
׳ֽǣŹҰɡ

һҰްİ쳹ɽ֣һȸ
ɩʪ·صĻİͬʱɵؿԶգһв֪ȸڿնӹ졣
ɩɽȴ촫
ˣҲˡ
Һѣϸĵÿ壬ֽͣ˳Ϊһ׼ʳ
ɷͶӻ÷׼һͣȴΪӺĸ׵ı֡
׼һһأ׼õͷȡ׳ɳƵ

̣ߵԺš
׳۾Ѫ˿ܲϲ԰׵ûһ˿ѪɫǰúõѣҲͰͣմƬҶ
ôˣ
˵Ǽٵģ㲣ϲǰĲ죬̲סĵĻ
ҵָ׳
ʲô
׳ֻ̧֣ϣֻʣĸѪָܵʳָ֪١
˭
־ŭɫȻ
׳ȾѪסļͷԼøõֳͱԼذףһΣݺͱ˽ȥ
˵㺦˶Ӱ
㡪ϵĺ﷢
׳һѽƽԺӣֹš
ү˵ٴղǮҪҵֽŶˡӻᣬӻ뵱ˡ
׳ˤڵصԣҵġҵġ
㡭
׳ͱµ
ϵƣտϴգˡԭ׳Ҳȥ¶һͬذ㣬ѹֵơ
컹ţƺδĻ
Ҳû˵ˡ


49 
ƽᲽС
ڹﶼ÷δ, ǽգʳ, ȻϢûϣɩ뿪ֱȥϵ·
ʱһμأõƹ¶ȱ飺
ӣʲô
ز˼ֱҪСóû۵һֱϵĻ㡣
ƹ㿴Σ
ƹۣڹ̨һԵֽϲ˲, ȻصؽӹĻ㡣
ǡˮīģƹ¶죺˭ϻд˵
һġشϿ̾, ЦЦ
㻭ģƹ̧ۣŵɨۣӣɱڿ, 㻭ģ
Ȼһģֽʣٻ㿴Ҳԡ
˵, ƹŰŰɵ¿򻨼㣺ǡ
ƹ, ⻨ȥǮ, ֵ٣ʡ
˵áƹǾǻǰ㸻ĵطȻҪͷ˻޼
Ҫͷ, öۺʣ׷ʵ
ƹŻ㣬Ƭ̣һİģܻ, ɽˮʯ, ۸Щ
һʮ, ʮƹΣ
ƹ˵ͷ
ɡ
ɡʲôƹ񾪴ˣعѻŵ˹̨ϣӣ㿪ʲôЦľߵģľߵģ
ƹľܾѾԤϵģûз˵֮ǰҪƹ˵ˣҲϿ⻨ġתͷټӼȥ񲻺ܺã
ʲôãƹһҡͷСֲǿڸ֮أʲô˲ŻỨʮֽ
Ҳ𣿡˵Ҹͷʱһһʮķı
ƹˣҡ֣Ҳʮᣡᣡ
طѾ࣬ƹҲĻ㡣
˵ˣǲģҪˣӣȥɣѵؼҳԷ𣿡
ƹɷ˵Ȱϵİ˵š
شܵվſڣƹͷҲص߻˵
ѵôоµĻ㡣
һһ滭ġģȺл㶼Ҫɫٱ
ѵô޹Żʣµɫżؽ
ػ겻߳ͣȻתһγ˺á
ƹ񣡡ٴ˵̨ǰƹһһſӣ㻹ʲô£
ĵǣˡԼɿ˵ҿó׵Ļ󣬷ĵۣȥˣٸǮûȥʱҾԼߡ
𣿡
ƹûؾϣȴۼ㶨ҰˣûȥԼеɱΣ
Ļٸҿƹ˵
ѻݸƹϸú˵һ棬ÿһŵܵ
û⣡˷ܵò
Ҹղ˵ģһףɽˮʯһףϲĻֲһסƹ̧ۿһףʲôʱ
ĬĬʱ䣬϶Ҹ
Сƹ»㣬˵ӣǿҪǰ˵ãûȥҪԼȥպ¡Ҳܸ๫״
û⣡һڴӦ
˷˵ȸԾĽŲ߳˺á
ȻڻûȥѾȥˡ·һг¼ǾƷľʱȻս˵ţѪһЩþƺò˻ȥͷĿ֡
ˣ̵Ĺ̨ǰһˡվڹ̨ǰѰ˼ʲôطһϤӰӾԺ˳
ѽϡͣϡ͡Ť֫˹һĨЦ⣺ƵĻūྵģ
ЩʲôƲˣ˵
ūֵľƲ˿ɶȥͣĻ±յӡǸˣԵҲڣȥܿġڹ̨ϣµֱۼѹؿڣȹѩ¶һֹ࣬ƿߡ
ǶŮӣʲôߵģ￴ľԴͷĽЦôʳƵƵס
ҡǾ±յӰɡ˵ֲ꣬ӵķdȵҲҪ÷
š
˵꣬ÿ߻غԺһᣬһ̰ڵ±˻
ԼѡɣҪļ
ؿۻң˵ѡãǾѡɡ
˰ˡһԵĳ磬Ҳ㶼Ʒࡣ
лظ˵Ǯ͡
ܼϡĻͿɲµū˭ȥ
һ죬æóϵĺɰˡںɰﻹͭ壬Ǯǹá
˺󣬾һúҶ㣬һʣôˣʲôӣ
ؾûҪ˵ѣƹۻ¸˵ˡ
ﻹû˵һԳԾƵĿ͹Ц
ӣ˼Ҿʩ๫ûа취ųԼġ๫ڣôͳǮˣ
ԵЦŸͣѵǴʱ̫࣬ڲҪһ˳ã
òƽƽǮ㹻ˣԼҵ
ӻ˵ʲô˵ǾƳԶ˻Ҳ࣬ҪоĻһ̳վơ
ǲܲʩӣһ̳ӴЦ
Ͻˡ
صվƣְѰ±ĺҶԾмصл
ûʲô˾ǻࡣﲻΪذ˰֣ūҾͲָˣԺչū⣬ϴūҵʵںÿҲ棬պ㻹ʲôСūһūúþ㻻
һڴӦ
վƺ±㣬첽иȥ
üţҪͻؼҷڣ˵ֻҷƢ
һʱƿҵԺšպúſϡ
͹ȻȥĶˣҲ
ƨˣһһעͻĽ鱦ƵģҲĽ鱦ظ踺أ޵׳٣˿ɢˡ
Ĳܵ´һסšغ˵ɳᡣ
Ź֡
ʲô鷳ˣ
ʲô鷳ҲûС߽Ժӣеľ̳ͺҶЦҸվƺ±dȵأ
ǻûȸϻԷͽӹ̳ͺҶ˵ô֪Ұ
ǾҵģáЦ
۾˭ãͿӲáŶߣﲻ֣ҿǱ˻ҪǮĴϣ
ϰ߷ǰϴ֣ԼϴҪͬԷֵҲϴö֮Ҳ˷ǰϴֵϰߡ
ϴֺڷǰ
Ͱǿֱ̳̳Ӿͺһڡ˹ز𿪺ҶϵϸѺҶƽƽ̯
һ㣬ݵ졪
Լͺˡ
죬˵ΡͲͷ˵
ΪѵؿǰĴ㡪죬ôĵط
ãҵһ΢ĵطҧһں±֭
±ʶ壬ƤŴľϲڸ۾
ҪǰĴ㣬ͺȻ˻ȥҧĵطҧһ£һڣϾͳһӡ
ǡҳԹġĿؿ
ӳʣĶˣͰһۣû˵
ɡ
˵һξԼ׾ࡣܾã͵ΪƽռʣԵΪȻ񣬵е㲻һ
ҡԥΣڣȥż㣬˻㡣ƹӦңǮҰûȥҾԼѻ
ͷҲ̧һͭĳɱûжɵȻҪӦˡ
֮ھƵʱ˵¡ض˶٣𽥱СȡЦ㣬˵Ϊתųµġ
֪ˡһҧĵطĵ
֪ʲôˣʡ
˭˵⻰˭ҪΡԺ󲻻ǰô˵ģİɡ
Ҳ˼ȥ鷳ؼæ
ʲô˼̧۳
ö㲻Ը⡭شĿ⣬ǿԼ˵ߵĻҾͲȥˡİ취Ǯ
ءͺȻ֡
̧۾
ں͸ľԻп˿ټ
£ͱһ᲻ᶪΪԼŮб¶ǲĶ


50 
Ѯ, ػڴ飬Լʱ˺ſڡ
, Ź߽
ƹҵĻ㡭˵һͣƹ
ãƹһ˵һʱǰһ׻ոձ̫үĹߣʲôʱʮ׹
ȥˣ̲ס
ҪǻǵԼߣض̲ס
ĻȥˣһֱһֱΪ˰̾û뵽˵ùȻԣǰԼԼ
ȹ, һѹż˵
, Ȼ׾͹ƹ˵
شӦ˵أ
ƹọ́ɢؿڹ̨, ָᲦӣҶһ׵ļ۸
˵۶٣Ҽ๫ܿͻ֪ˡƹ, ֱӸҾС
ƹһ, εؿһ, ӹ̨վֱ塣
һװ˾ӼӰͭ塣ƹʣ֧Ǯһһ᣿
һһɡ˵µ׵ʱ๫ᡣ
ƹ߿̣Ƭ촽һһ, ӬƤһһöͭҲز¡
صû
ְ̰С˵ˣ͸ֶΡ
߸˵߳, ߹ľʱ, һι˽ȥ
ʱû, һҲûУµľŹ̨վſڡظһţ͵ģһǱġȻ㿪Ŵϲӣūҽվһơ
Ҫġ㣬ذ಻סϵЦ⣺Ҳٴ
š
ûһᣬ׼Ҫľʳⶣ
վڹ̨ǰһúҶ㣬һĵʵյûˣū˵˵һ˵ŮˣΪʲôԼˣ
ͼ׳԰׺ȣܾﲻȡز˼˵
ū֪ΪʲôòȡЦ˰ҪܿסϾûôŮˡ
Ѱõ;̳һƸء
ܿԼʱ򣬻ҪԼС˵
Ȼ¶Ǿ˵ĺе
ⲻǡб޻˼
ض飬ΪҵӪֶζŲȸԾߵľɫñƽտɰࡣ
ؼҺͻûźþƲˣ±ȥ˸ɩļҡվϤǰ溰ɩӣڼ𣿡
ƽտǺܿɩȴ֪ΪγٳٶûӦ
ɻźȻˡ
׳Ž׵źʶһ
ʲôĿ⿴أƺȷǲǶһˡ
ɩӡҴ±㣬ܡ
׳һĺҶȥˣ±ˣȥɡ
ɩӻˣؾȵ
ȥˡ׳ڱƵģӲ˵ҵ˼ܣǰվ·ˣ֪ʲôʱȻġˡ
ػûü˵žǰˡ
һͷˮòǰ˻ؼҵ·
ɩˣΪʲôһֶûк˵ϴηֱʱ˵Ҫ³أ
벻ףԽԽ֡
صſڵʱúС·ײϡȵԶͿʼɩӣdһӣأ
ֱؿڵʲôȴֲ˵
ƨ˵ϰԣѾ߰˰ˡڵǻˣ±վƻЪ԰ɡ
dѾ̵ػȵЦɩӴãϴȥ
ȵdǰߣȽԺӣʣغͶںߡ˵ȥˣ
ȥˣһ˰ءصһĨÿһףҾܵӣټӰͭ塣
е㱾¡ͷϰ˰
ãƽϣͷ⡣
Һƹ˵ˣһһᡣңµ׵ʱȥᡣ˵õӾͷڳС̳ǡ
С̳ǼģԼӣԼļױȥ˵˵ʲô׳԰׺ȵĻҾһˮ㰮Բԡ
һˮھ޴زʳȴңʶʱر졣
ô죬ҪĻû˵ء
׬ˣԺͲҪˡ
һδʧĻᣬسü
ֱ÷ʱôίʧòн飬ػ
ɩôšüͷʲô£ϣȵ˵
Ҿ룬Ҫʲôطܵ
ô˵˼һ׽ϴ
ɩӽ˵һǮֵףһ룬Ҳˣ
УͺȻһڷ
ؿŴﶶľҺɻؿ
ȵҲȵ磿
ܺȾơͺԥ
ôĵӣ㲻ɩӵȵأɩӣ𣿡
صĿƵȵǰľϡ˵ģ֪յӵζء
롭
㲻롣ҲشĻ
رǷǺȲɣ͵̬ȼս⡣صΪʲôľƣ
˵оͲСͰѾ̳ӱڻУǰվ
͵˵
Ѿų߳ȥˣڵıӰ޲һ;Ͱʲôˤʺ
ѼƨˣƦåԣ
֪˴ʻ㶼˸飬һžľȻǰ
ȵѹľ룬ɩӣ㳢һ԰ɣң١
ȵδĻ￨ں
Ŀɿڴؿž룬һͷľƹཹོںȹ˵ס
ɩӡȵŵˣյӣ㡪
ҲŲһѾŻ͵λϣĨ˰ϵľҺ
һյӣȥʱûʲôоǱͨˮһ㡣ʵѺȣز֪Ϊú÷̵Ķ
һ붼ˣúϵʱ֪ˡòֹһ㡣
ͻʱÿ⣬ȵһæҵ˵ʲôһˣȵ壬һʲôҲ֪޹̬
磬㿴ɩġȵ˵
ͼؿ޵ֱ˻˻һȰĻƻ죬Ũü֮ü
أǲҵѸ˵
ҡǡһ˵Ƕ϶ĳҭ˵ˣԼҲǼΪĵģ
һھʲôÿ޵ģ֪֪ʲôأ㡪ҪҵѸͰѾ̳Ӹ㱧߿ޱߺȣ
˵ȻȥְССľ̳˳һŵϡ
ſ޵ôˣûע⵽ԼûüȵľȴͻȻˡԼĿעһҺ˵ǰ˵ȣӿܲܺȹ̳
صĺģյӲĺĶ﷭鲻Խӿᡣ
ٿףθ﷭ӿøˡ
Ҳˡˡÿƿ͵롣
˵仰ûʲô˵ͻΪһΰѾ˵ߡ
û㿪ЦȾͺȣˣû˵
Ҳû㿪Цؿ˵Ĳˣ
УˡͰѾ΢ÿһЩ񶨶ض۾
ŬᣬգҲգ
͵ӻתŰɣۼҪž߿ˣط۾һգǰ

أܻ˵㵽ô
յȵĸо𽥴ӺϴܵͷؾҰЩζ͵Ľкķҡ
ƿǰʢĴ룬̧ͷۣһƲ
á
ɫһ䡣
һ


51 
һ, ɹϢļֻȸ
أ㵽Ҫô
ҲȾƣҲȾƣӵ˫, ͷʹޣ¡
ҪȾƵ𣿣һ
ûҪȾƣ㡪ҺȾƣ
Խ˵Խģһʹޡ
ƨ
ܻؿǰߵڰ׵ˡ
㻹ң㻹ң㲻ҺȾƣ㻹ңرʹϣ໡
˫ϥһֻ⺿ޣûû˵ķǰ
ˣٿ޸Ҫɱˣ
dҲˣ޴ؿˡԥκ󣬽һݸʹ޵أ
, 
ȵһd, һվ
磬ɩӣе, Ǿˡԣȡ
ϵغһ, ʮؿ޺Ҳ

ͺü۳, ֻһŷɳȵd, ɿǷ֮ء
ءdסͷ
޵ġȵ˵ٴȥ, ͸ǿˡ
dһ, սʣ, 첽ȵ뿪ɱֳ
ֻ޲ߵ໸ͣء
ءڡͶ, ͷö׼ɣ㵽Ųˣ
ҲȾˣذͷϣöš
УˣҲˡ˵
㷢ģҲҺȾˣ
һûʲôʱơ
໣
ҴˣҴˣҴףҲȾˡԼ̫ѨٱȾƣӾͲˣ
㱾ͲˣѼƨˣҺȾƣû˸ұҺȾơĵ໴ޣ˫ȥӣɫȹ°ɫЬϷɡ
ҲˣˣҲˣȭͷ˵´ξеڲϣҲȾˣ
õ֤صƵļ
ڴ̧ͷһ˼ίĿģ˵Һѹ
͵ȭͷøˣ˵Ҳѹ
ʲôѹģʵ㻹dȵһҲûˡ
㲻ǻиõֳ𣿡ͷӦɿ졣
ãã飬ɫãȻ
ǺȺͿˡ
أʲôǵáҡҡԴطǸĹһһ̫Ӱطꡭ
һͬؿҲһ᲻ĻӣһҵĻʵϵ߲ҡʱˣӻðɣƫͷһΡ
ˣԺؿͣһˣȻأ
ûˮоȡվҪϷȥ˯һ˵
Ҳ˯ҲҾأ͵ѿ֣Ҫȥɢ
㷢ʲô裿ͷס뿪Ӻĵ壺ȥɢ
Ҫȥ׬ǮҪɻ㣬ҲǷȥˡ
ȻץסԼ½ݵӿ˳
̫ˡ̫˰
ɶͷԣǺЦҿʲôˣ
ҶҶ㲻˵ˡؿ˵ǰҲԣ֪࡭һһЩģʲôԵģ͸ңŬȥѧ׬㹻Ǯͽ𡪡
ͣ
Ҿͽʲôü
죬졭ͻȻ𱳡
ɫ䣬һѳ÷ɵٶȿݡ
һ̣صı͵һ
Ż
꣬һͬʱЩС⣺ŲͬһӵΡ
ֽ꣬࣬˲죺
ҪڣƨˣҪڡҪڣ໣ˮڣ
ؿϵա
͵ĳ嶯תȥȡһˮ־壬ȴǵҪڵ趹ۡ
ڵʱݻ¡
̬³ʱŹ޵ߴߴ
ҵĴ
ʲôأüͷ߻ݡ
һϣžͱס˴ӡ
ҲôණǮҲ´ǿֽҾӦøʺӹƨɣһںޣ᲻ҪǮ£ҵĴҺѽ
صĻȻֵֹģ˼ˡƺһֱΪǴռҵ׵أ
οǶʲôʱˣôϣ
ؿ޵ģȻûҽУߴߴû޶ԡ
ָȥ۽ǵᣬ˵Ǯǣ㿴̳Ӳ𣿡
͵Ļһؿ޵øˡ
Ըţ̫ˡ
ȻǸջѣͻҲؾᡣ
ʲô֪ࣿңҾһ㶼ˡ
ؿͿ̵ϵǣʮָжͲԸΪףҲҪ׬Ǯҵŵԣ˴ʱ˿̣ǿջЦŰο
ȻӲôɾˣȴκ˶ҪУ̫طˣһҪҪ
ƷƴŲ⹫ˣҲһҪΪ̸֮
ر͸жϡﻩǵֲڶˮմʪˡ
ͼҲߴˣû˯ɣҸѿһͺˡ
Ҳ˯ҲҺõúܡֹ嵹ǰͣҵĵط۰߲˼¡
ؿϴĴͽԴĸоİʧأʧעڶԷϡ
Ƭ̣̽شصļͷ
㡭ûڱǰ
û˵ֻؿϵԴҡҡ
ѹסǣذƳȥ
ԺĹϣһֻᲱӵȸĿԡ
ʲô
ȸһؿϵ̧ˮɵһ˫ۣң
ȸءͰͷְ˻ȥ
عԹԿﲻ˵ŲƤȴԽգԽ
һļ磬һ̾˿˵ҪһֱôܿҲԸ⡣
һֱһֱ𣿡˵
͵һ٣תͷϡ˳ͷ˵
Ҳ㡣
ãҲ㡭
Ϊʲô
ûмҺãҲҪáૣû˶áҿ޵ʱûں
ҪԺһҲںˣѵҪȥ𣿡ʡ
Ҳ֪
У½һ󵽡Ͱĺ˵ģ˭Ҹ
飬ҪҪҪʹɱɱġ
УҸ㽲˵ӦңֻңԺҾˡ
Ժص˵ͷ
˵ףҪ˯Ժʲôǵô죿õѺ˵
Ѻʲô̧ͷԼ֣ҪȻɣ
ҪͰǰĿƵؿѺһԼˣٻ㡣
ǣҪôѺһãȻ
Ѻ
͵ͷ̺ա
֮࣬ȴ˰ʱ䡣
ɳɳķ֪ʱͣˣֻʣһֻ˵ССȸԴŴ࿿ˡ
ͣĴߣѾᵽõ趹㣬һ룬ȴʼû
ʪۣĻؿ
ͺȻķңһ˿ͷҪˣǰ˫죬ʪŮȻЦˡ
֪ˡ
˵
գգ۾Ȼ̧ͷײ촽



52 
ǹŹֵһ졣
طǵԼ𴲲, һۣڴˡ
ڴ˺һ, ֮ǰ¡Ļȥˣ˵վƣɩȥˣ׳ؼʱֵܣһ硭
ȻأȻʲôˣ
⿴ȥϵСߴУԺﲻʱ
ü˴ͷһʹҹһ
ƨˣǲǳ˯, ִˣ
۾ţ
һ̣ŵ, ľɢ
ͣôֲ·۾Ͱ͵˵
ҲǴ𣿡͵Ժﴫ
Ҳãغе
ҸŻأôʲô·ϴ˵Ūҵ·, һûˣ
ʲôʱŪ·ˣ
ۣ;׳Ŀηﻨʱײ, æ, ȴ
졣̧ͷ, ͵ػ¡ϵľӦ顣͵ƺȣƷ, žұס
ƨ⻰, ۾Ҳ˲ϱ, һʱ۷, άԼס
ƨˣôƨЦ̧ۿ
㡭
ŵýˣô֪Լƨˣ
Ѽƨˡһλ¸ͷ׳ľǰ롣أа
Ļָµʧ½ǣԸȴֲòţķƷˣұ
ƭʲô
ɫ԰ףҡҡ׹
ҡ˭ˣ
ͳԱߵĹ°ͣͱףٶٲ
ӵصãⷬ˵ľˡ
֪Լ׻ڣҲţҲˣٿಲͣҲôԽˡѾˣಲͳಲֻҪ׻ڣϣͻڡ
ɵվŸʲô˾¡û
ô㣿ʡ
ҪæĻû
ҲûҪֻǽȥÿõľٰѴľͷŷźá
򵥣һӦһСԣÿһľͷͰľ񿪣µľͷټܶʼ
˵˼仰ʹԼ࣬ԸߣȻҲͲ˵ˡ
ͺôʱûġһУ۾۾Ӿ롣
һԵľѾ㣬ʱʱֱ̧ͣöͷȺĺˮ˳£ɫηմˮ⣬ˮΣزҶ࿴ȴ͵顣
þˣ˼ɢ
ôŤŤȥѵȽʡʱʱĨͷʲôԭ
Ҳ֪ǲĴԴ͵ͺƺɵøˡ
ʹ·ʱ򣬸߸ݣô·ȴÿλ踫ͷɫηұ۾ǺӱӲʯͷ·ҫĿˮ⡣
ضֱϵļ⿴ԽԽԶ
Ҳҵԭɡ
˸Ҳ뵱͵ģһгԿȻҲ
ʲôأͺȻڡ
Լĵ
ʲôɵˣü㿴ôູ
ҿˡһãȻҵȻˡ
Ͱһۣ㿴˻Ҳ
Ŷ
¶վȥֽ
ҿڿˣлƹϣȥһҡҪԱ߸ȷˡҪûӣ͸ҴɡҪΪ˸ϴˮҲÿôôˮ
ͣ½Ų̲סͷѣˮd𣿻вҲǡ
˵ôԼأĲ𣬲һֱdÿһ
أߴߴô࣬ǲǲӲ͹ϳ
תߣ˿硣
ദѾ˲ٶԸ͵ľ飬ƨˣõķǰһƨһž졣
ֽͻƹϻƹϵݸֽͣȲ۾ٲգͷʱż⣬͵Ķͷһ󽵵ˡ
Ͳȣϥ΢ףĻƹҧ졣ϵĲ࣬ߵͷҲб࣬һϵĲȻ뻮һʱʱյϢ
ԣʳ޲ȴһ߽죬һĵô˵Ůܲˣ
ʱͬաɫӣҺãȻҲá
ǲ𣿲ˣôˣ
˿֪룬ѵõչˣǲʹ
ġͣͣ˵ϣ¡
ʲô
㡭׹𣿡
ŵȷҲͣˡ
ҵȻûУҡҡȦˣôң
ʣʶѣһٲһ⡣̧ҲҲǺ𣿡
ʧĺ棡ҧס촽鲻ԸؼԼȷ硣
һⰡ
ʲôһĻˣ
ƨ˵Ҫһ죬ͻȻ֡ʵ׹ˣô
ʲô⣿
ظ뷴ʣȻһݣԼ׵飬ɣ
Ѿ޷ıˣҲôġ˵İɡ
ͿȷʵǷ˵ӣϾͺüëû
ҷʲôģʲô£أ
һѾʲôӣΪ˵ҵص̫ࡣ
ػͬ飬֡
ظ˺ȣŬȷ硣ûһᣬϵĶҲˡ
ˣҲȡͱ֣վֱ塣
ѸͷڵϣùֽԼϵĺ顣
ز˼ƿĿ⣬ûһ֪ɩӻȥ𣿡
ңû˵
£ɩҲаҳ⡣㣬ɩӴȥһݣŵȴ׳׳˵ͼﳳ˼ܣûˡ¶ɻ󣺡ǰҼɩӵʱ˵Ҫ³ôһԾͻأ
ֽ˸飬ɫɢҲ֪ĻȥûС
֪ɩӵ𣿡ʡ
ţصġ
׷ţʲôط֪ţȻͬڽݣλƫƧţȥҲҪִܵ
ɩȥôԶĵطҲ֪ʱܻôǰ˵һأ
˵ʲô飬ֻǲ̧ͷ⣬ѰŲĵط૵ԽԽˡ
ܲ𣿡ְֽڼϣ˵³ʽˡȣ⻹ʲô
⻹ʲôк£⼸ѾʼȵˣҪȥȳʲôӣ
ûװıͰûпɿڵıûвЪȣʮһֱ
ڹʱһʲôͺȻʡ
飬ԱƷҪˮ鿳ļҺٳš
û¿ӲҪź򣿡ü
ԽźءطܵҾŹԺ־ͺˡ
ֲǹŮġ˵ʲôѧʲôˣ˸Ҳ
Ȩڷƨ͹ȥˡ
ˣˡغȻһ£ƲʹҴұ
һᣬһ鼮첽˳
ͿԺȥһῴ죬һῴأüͷ壬·˼ʲôҪĴ¡
תתȥҪʲôʡ
ҵطɹءæҵط飬Ӧ
˰죬ѡһܱܷ߳ĵطСذһ鱾ɢ̯ڷš
ص鱾λʱһԶؿָƵҳ
Ȼſಢϲ飬ʣϲġеʱ⣬ʦҲѡ
鱾һвּͻɫֽҲ⵽𻵣ԿƼ򵥵ɹ飬ʵҲн
ǰڹеʱ̫֯ɹμӡ̫û˭ƾܲлӹ̫Ӷһɹ飬һʫڡ
Ŀ񻹻ϵģȴֻ̫һˡ
˼ȥ̾˿
ɹɹ飬̾ʲô˵
һɹʱ¡ɫȻ̫Ӿٰɹ鼯ͬ˵䡣ᵽʫʱ͵üͷšһ
ʫʲô˲ģѾѧǧˣҲѧʫˡ
ʫԶء˵Ҫѧѧѧ
ӲѧӣҲѧӡ
ؾȵسȥ
ƨ˳֪иӣ֪иأ
Ҫѧʲô
ѧʫ˵쿪ʼͽʫ
·ûѧᣬܵĵ
α⣬һϣʮּ֡
иѧǧľѧʫĵͨ飬Ȼ޷ʫ˵ľܺʫ˸ͬܣܼʫ̸дɫʫأ
̾Ͳ̣ʫʲô˲ģҪһҹʮװס
֣δţר־ذŪеĲ顣վɵԺȥ
ȥdǡ
ͷҲ̧Ӧһ
͹ţͻ䡣˦ӣشţֻƽʱһʱ͵ȵסĵط
ȵڴ˯һ֪˭ˡɫͻ䣬һͦӴ𣬻Żŵؾȥñڵϵɳ
Ѿ˽ǧһ֮ʰѱӦϵɳؽ˱
󡢴磬ʲô㴵ˣȵЦ
һƨϣɫء
硭ôˣ飬ܵЩ¡
ȵڱӵĵذɳơ
ȥһ顪ѹ˵
ȵ¶ɫ飿Ҫʲô飿
һ˾ѧдʫ顣
ȵ
ʲô飬ҲҪ
ȵƬ̣̽˵ΪʲôҪʫˣ
ܣȥͺˡסͺȻ²ܸ߱ˣرɩӡ
֪ܵˡ
Ͳٶԣʱվˡ
߳ȵŷӦ
ҪȥĶŪ˾ѧдʫ鰡


53 
صĵ, Ž£ԽȣռŲ, һҲһ㱡
ҹ, ̫ȻûˣҹȻȺġڴշת࣬, ˯ȣɣѵۣż, ۵⻹е϶۵ˮֱỹ޴ڵӣϱ, , Ǳ, 
ڴϷȥ, ɶȴ˿Ӱ죬ÿϴһյʱ, ԾȾĺЩӣҲ, ˯ԵӶ, ⶢҧһҧ߰˸׵Ĵ
ĥ, Ѿʮû˯һκþ, ԭ, Ҳһɫ
ÿҹ, Եȴ˯ðȣԱʵ̬ʧ⡣غ޲ϵļëӰƨ˴ѣ˯ţҲ˯ţ
ÿÿת뵽ҪȥҲ֪˶ٴĥ͵ѣ̽ˡ
ˣʧʲô
ظɴӴⷭȥذѴϴһ˳ѡϥǣؿŴ谵ҹɫǰڹõ
ûһᣬȻ
جˣ
ػعͷҲӴü΢ؿ
ҡҡͷ
ô˯
죬˼˵ȵ˯šȴʮ˽ңٻʱһѲ֪ʲôطҳȡ
˯ɣҸȷ硣˵
ôԣæҡͷȣԼɡ
˯˯ߴߴʲôͲͷذԼҲ˴ҡȣϮصͷҪȵĻ̽˺
ԼȣȲôķ硣
һȷ磬ؽûôˣ⳯ӿƤԽգԽ𽥵ģȫˡ
ϰҹ˯ʮְȣ°ҹʱȴϵִоˡ
Ժط˸ɲһᣬϸϸĶһ°͡
Ϊڶ磬޲ðú˯˼ƨһ´ͷػ˻֣ǰĶߣȴֲһĶ
ߴߴߴ
һѹ͵ۣһֻ˵Сǰյϸֳĺβͣ
ҼĲҽȻ𣬲˲Ҳ˯죬ﻹץȵ͡
һӴ۾ûȫɷıȴȰ˳
˭Ҫˣ
͸պһɤӣϾһػһͷɢķǺŴĴϡ
أҹ㷢ʲô裿˵
ǷҲײײسӡ
͹˲ȸʹϽЬ׷˳ȥҹֳȥϣãֻǶڳһһشˮҨˮϣϡ
ˮ黩£ʪպ½ˮһ𣬲ҡ
һѽˮŭˣ
ˡˡ߶µؿţָ
ȥûֻװ۵Ķˡ
ʲô࣬Σ˵
ûΣҴˣβˣβͻĴУǾ̶
ļˣȴ²ֻʣ﷭ܡ
ˡ
ƨ˰Ҳû뵽ôɣֺЦԲСɵĶ쵰öᡣ
ءô
ѣͶҹ裬ԭΪһֻӣһֻõ
Ҹոˡͨۿ⡣
ٿޣӰ㰴é֪ʲôࡣ˵
ر죬Ե۵ɵԲԲģһһ飬һֲҿ޵ӡ
󣬴߻ңû˳ί
һȦҲˣûзֻСӰ
˯ˣ˼롣һƨشϣֵҹ
Ȼס˵ˡ
سҭʲô
ӡ͵ĿƮݶ
ȥĲǻëᶼûɾͼȰɩӵСӾǡ
ˣ֪ʹĻٴδߴٵϴٲ˯춼Ҫˣ
ȴٿųֹĴˡ˵ʲôҲԸɻشϡ
ز˯Ҳ˯£ڴϣεؿվ룬¸µء
ѵԺ󶼲ϴ˯ˣ
ϴ˯ǲܵģȷʵû˯ˡ
δĿⲻϿǽǣһ̾л˵Сڳ
࡭˯ɣùҡ˵
㲻˯˯𣿡˵ͣƬ̣ȻҪȥķӡԱдլԺڳۣӿ԰
ˣòšæҡͷ
룺̫ˡ
Ҳܿ㲻˯ɢ˫Ժû˵Լأ
㲻ùҡ
˵㲻Ҫӹܣ˭ܣ
ƨ˵ĪĻԾһ졣
һְ취ͺȻ
ʲô취
ںӱ߻һԺӣҶ߰¼ȥСסӱߣ첻˵Ҳ١ʣסЩȥȥ
ⲻǱ𹬱û뵽ӣȻҲбıԺ
پ̲סˣﻹע˵ġסЩأ
æͷȥ
˵߾ߣҲ˯ˣֱʰ
ûʲôɴģҲʮ׻ϴѰˣı¯趹رֽϾʱ顭
أȥСסǰҰͶͷʰһҶһȥ
ȥı¯͵ҪԶúܣĿ鱾趹ֽ֮ǻ･⡣
ˣˣȥţšͲͷ˵
ؿˣ۾һûˣϲص߳ӣԹվԺ
ʱͰᵽԺ
ʣûţôѶȥ
õţ𣿵ţһ˾ˡ
ػЩģ᲻̫ˡ
Ͱһۣ˵˻žûв۵ʱûķʱҲΪһָ
¶
߰ɣڳʱܵˡţæȥ
ԺӺ͹ߵС·صƲ㣬֪¹⻹չĶ㵹խС·ϣ˵Ӱ֡һϵóļ½Ĳ¡
˴Լʱ䣬ˮ
ؿϴˮĵطС·ͷ䣬Сȥ
Ҫ߶ãŵ״ۣ̲סʵ
ˡ
ɽǴεǰ֮ضĻŰɣû뵽ǣûһᣬһɩסԺӶҪСһĳǰ
ˡ˵
˵ԺӣĿɿڴؿǰ©ݡ
Ӧһһҡҡ׹ϣ˽ȥ
Ļҳ˱Ƕ߽ȥŵúһ
һûסˣ˵㡣ʰʰͺˡվﶫdᶫȵնס
غµؿŹϵ֩ĻѾߣȴû˵
µʰôõ·Ҫ˵ظƨһé
ôﻹаɣߵſڣؿ
زɨ£ЦС
ߵߣָźӶһƬ˵ƬŽ֣ȵȸˣҾȥɰŽϯŽҲ죬Ҳ⡣̫ɽǻſڵ㣬ǸĺõطϾ͸Ƕ
ز֪עҲݵļª
Ƕʲô
ֻøƬĲˡƺǶζ죬˵һھƲУȵȥһϣȥƻ±㣬û㣬¾ƿɲС
߶߶˵ͣһһӦˣԼıԺҲһ˿ڴ


54 
ɫͨ󲻾, dȵӱݡ
dһ˱Сɽߵſں󣬼ҴҵطͿʼҳԵġ
ظհ, ˻Ҿǻ, ʲôԵģdһȦһ޾ɵ
˴ʧdؿȥ, ˵һȥƲˣʲôҸ򡣡
dɫۿɼ˵ͷáҪռ, ռ
һӦdõŵ߸˵صӱɳȥˡ
, ȵɨ, Թ, 
ſڽű, ߳ݣͣ, ӰӸպסɹͷϷ̵⡣
ЩȥһҪߴߴɡ
֪ˣ㶼˵ˡ̲ס˵
˵㻹˵ǲǵð̧ȥ
ȥȥȥ, ھȥشӵվ
˵ߴߴ, ߴߴͣ
ˣӺһ
Ҳȥ԰ժŽҶ, ԼСĵ㡣, ֳںӱɳӵdһɤӣ, ˡ
dֻཬĴںˮﵴɾ, 
˦ϵˮ飬߸˵˵ˣˡܳ
زЦˣdЦݣҲ¶һɬЦ
߰ɡdĵظĽŲ
ϴУǰʱش˿̵ĸܽȻͬ
dˣˣһҺĴӡ˵زηηԶǾߣزС
dʱЦʱŭͯöһʱ棬κʶ¡
d˫۾һԲԴɫãȻ
ǵˣ硭ǰͺʹһˡ
𣿡
ãádͷһϲ硭
ڶϲ˭ʣ磿
㡣dһ̬ŤŤ˵
ؾȵǶ𣿡
㣡d˦֣ӿ˽Ų
ȵҡæ׷ȥ庢ǰõҲʵڶˡңϲ˭Ҳ²£Ƕɣ
dһ̵ۣ˵㡣
𰸳ϣǾȣǾϲ
Ϊʲô
ҺádҲ˵ûпңԵģ㲻ƭңЦ֪Ƕҡûпҡ
סˡ
dؿϲңҲϲ
ָѹлһ˿Ϊdܵĺ⣬ͬⷴѹΪdֵ£еһ棻Ϊ
˵ˣûп
һֱΪӣ˼ֱͯ治˵ͬ񡣿ˣͯԹɫ
dʲô֪һж
ҡ˵𣿡dû˵Сһǡ
ûֻЩԾæЦŸο
õޣd°͡
һֱܴ
˵ʱ˲֪ߵϡ
ʲôʱͷļжô֡߹Сֵߣֻխխһͨ˽̡еĵطǶǵ̣ߺȴǺÿͿջطðẈ̂ӵģĵģģʽһ
ϲĵط
ÿ˶ģУغҲ˶Ų
ӱӱӱ
·ǵ̵ʱdļس䡣
֪Ͼ͸򡣡ĵ
ռŶӵĳdӵǰԤϣûбһץߡ
УҪŶӣҲŸӱ˵
ΪʲôҪŶӣdüͷһ˵˵Ҫȡȡ
ҲڵȣҲ˺ܾáҪŶӣ˺ȻĶô룿
ҡdսȭͷҧгݵ
ͶˣӣҲ㡣
û˸ҡd˵˵ˡͷңзߡ
Ǻߣзߡص˲Ҵ㣬ﻹġڶϲǸˣ֪Ҳһ㡣뱻𣿡
dסˣκҡҡͷ롭
Ǿ͸һŶӡ
ŶdͷԵվ
һյʱŵ˶ǰóɰͭ壬ĸӱ
dȻؼңȲ·Ͼͳ
Ҫֻʣվƺ㣬dڣһ̳жʮյӣöؼңdһֱž̳һҧӱѵռռ
ӦռǼȥ
ߵǼſˣdĽŲ֪ΪعĵǲˣҪҪϢһ᣿
ۣۡdҡͷƮ񲻶Ʈȥ
óĺռˡ
ߵǼſڣźҡϱĿ˵һֻЩռ/ɡ
ź̿ϲӲӵռȷϮ̼֬ɢζҲϮվ˲Ƭ̣ͷͿʼðϸ
һǰһûһȷۣŲæ뿪ҡΡ
Իͳԣߵǰһۡ
زԣһԵġ
ߡͳԣҾ͸ݵġ˵ţһԵĳڼϷ˷һֻռŵ˲˰ϡһԾˡײף
ڼÿֻռģæס
ӹ̨һźҶҪռһӴС鲼ͷȻӵϡ
鲼ͷ󣬿ȷȷʵʵؼŭ붼ؽг׵֣ɵң
dװŶʮƵľ̳תܡ
Ⱦ׷һµ
ΪѣȵdģҲ²֪صdûʱϸ룬ְ±ϣҲæ׷ȥ
dǡǵȵҡ
׷һ·ڴ׷ˡ
dһһİǽϡҲ֪ôȥģͷ۵ð
ָƿڴɵǵҲʰͲ棡
dΪ˵ҲɫŭɨɨȻǽһȥ
æǰס
侲һЩǸ𡭡
˭Ǹðɵϱӵôģÿû£
ҲɻôdÿμﶼأȻˣϣһĺӰÿμֵҰк
ʯͷףֻأû˵ڸ侲һЩ
Ǳһ˵
ʲô
һﵹüһֵֹģתĶҲнӲǰȻ
Ĺӣôɡ
ûϻͷΪǽϵdǽϵһƬߡ
ӳƬ˵ʲôˣ
£
dһ٣ؿŬϵĿڣdƬȥ
λӣ
Ųزȫֻܲ⿴վǰӡ
ǡ
ʯɫӳ˹֣΢Ц
С־ˡ
һ񣺡ӿ
־ӣ۾һ
ûע⵽ı仯˼Ͳϡת԰ǽĵȰd
ΣѽҪһСˤֺüԲˮˡ
԰ˮƺdˣһضǽµظ߿ȥ￴ȴֶ־
־أЦеؿ
رܵظоⳡôdǽŪ־ˡ
ҿӷĵúܣæԹ
ҸˣҲd˵
Сʧˡ־Ц̨˭
ؿЦỊ̃dش֮ǰüڣddd
־ƺܳԾd˵ЦЦؿһۣԭˡ
￴˿غ־ɫһ˿ꡣ˵ҵĻҪҵĻһô𣿡
־ȴЦԲ֪ˣ
ﲻ鲻Ըؿǽϵdιɵ
ɲС־˵Ҫһ㡣
¡ıһѾ
Ҫ󲻳ѧƽյҲԡ־˵ߣӽ̽㡣
ɫѿ΢΢ſҪ磬ֺܿˡ
ؼ״æԲ˰ɣҪȻ
ȻתĿİͰ͵سd˵㡭ܹܲһ£л˵
ôأ
ز˿ϣȻܷ飬ôǰˡ
dԥ˰ǽ


55 
d°ǽ, վԭüľؿ
㡭ＷŹֵЦݡ
زһֳеġᡱ
Ҳd
ֵܼȻѾˣҲͺ˵ˡ־Ц, С, 鷻ҵС
Ĳɵػ־΢΢һЦ, תˡ
ﶢıӰڵΪʲôôã
غҲΪ, ͵Ӱɡ
תͷһ, ָƽҲǡ
شʱ뷨, ԥƬ̺, 
ܲܰһ£
ҪĹɵ, 붼룡ص, ͸ҿڣﲻͷ
ǵġﾲúúd̸һ̸˵
һ㶣ü΢΢ɿˣҪҺ̸ʲô
, ῴd𣿡
ҿʲô˼ؿ, Ҳûôйأ
ﲻΪdͬ˶𣿡
ûôУϷ, Ҫô˵, ҿ˶, 첻ռˣ⿴˾ˣ
Цˣ, ֪һֱd˿
ô֪ˣ
dҵġ˵
ģﻳɵؿһd
d˶, żߵһʯƭˡ
Щ, ˵Ҳԡ˵dٵңܲ˵Ц
Ҫǲңһõ𣿡˵ûæռأ
׿ڶd˵𣿡
˵ѵãõĻˡɫĲŷ˶٣ؿеĿ¿Զdιɵ
dһ
͵ҵĶҲӶˣҪԺҲˡ˵̸еĻȴͱˣ𣿣
dװƣͣĽżֿʼĥʯͷﳤһҰݡ
㻹û˵ҪԺͺһ档Сѡ
ǵ¶ôôࣿﱧԹ鱧Թǰ˵ģӴdɵҪǲˣʱʱ򣬿һ棡
ḑۣбһۡ
ģ
ҾɫͣҵôΪһе˰
Ұ㡣dת濴Ұ㡭ռ
͵طİɡ
ǵģd׾෴£æ֮ǰڽ͵dǸĺӡ
ӣﻳɵؿǰĴӣӣ
ҲûҲûôdס
ദˣһֵܷģؿ϶ҪæԽᶫ桪ĻҲصطй¶
ǿ˵׼ûʲôһɵӣ˵Ҳûʲôѹ
غãʱ̲סʵ֪ǰйʲô𣿡
ǿͦõģźȰ䡣Цˣ۱¯̿ۻ࣬Ҫط˲ֹһֻΪ͵ҼҵطϧһϹӡ
ĿɿڴװһϹӣ
ɲǣߵʱֻʮһ꣬ͺҲ࣬ҵڽϱײˤȥҽεġҵСС;ڽˣ۾ֿͰ˻۾ϹȻû˷ҵʱصء
⹷ԷҪӣҼװһϹӣ˭ûҪżȻײֻʵռ͵ԣһ֪ƭôãŭĿгݵ⹷˲¹ͷ˭˭ҪԴ
˵꣬Ȼìͷ׼أ㲻ỳ˵Ļɣ
㡭ڨڨ
׶ˣʲôģ
dǸֿʼ͵Ǹ
ǰ£ǸˣʵڶԲס
￴һۣû˵Ҳǵùôֵ̯ˣ
˵Ҳùûңڻ֪ʲôطˡʹǰ£ҴⲻˡһලصġͣʵǸˡ
ˣ㿴˭Ǻˡ̧ʱ·ȥһߣһ죬ҿɵɵ
ظ˼ʲôͷվԭصd
㲻ң
㡣س֣
dڵ˹ǽʱմȾգ˵´ʲôңҽ㡣вçײˡ
d֣һĴ˳ί
գĵ㿴Ӧˣⲻͦ𣿶Բԣ
ԡd
Ц߰ɣȼˡ
һǰһػصǼ꣬ｫռĺҶݸ󣬼ææȥ̿¯ϵĿˡ
Ҫ뿪Ǽ꣬Ȼµ鲼ͷ
κ¯Щռһ飬»صſڵδغdѾӰ
һƨΣӴһüͷƨͣһ鲼ͷ
ⲻɵոĶ
Ҫӵ鲼ͷ־ٵȴԥط
ɵǵһͶĶû򿪹Ϊ϶ʯ֮Ķ
Ԥ˴𰸣ȻҲͲȥ׷Ѱࡣ
գȴ֪Ϊһ˿档
ҲΪǰĻҲΪûôɵһ֤𰸵뷨
֣ҿ鲼ܡ
治ʯӣҰκζ
ֻһڶСǣ鲼

ػصӱʱѾȵĴɨ´ģռһʣأ
ȥӱ߱ϯˡȵ
˶ʮľƣ̳֪Ķȥd˵һɡ˵ȥӱ߿͡
ȵЦû⣬ɩӷȥɡߣӦҪ˶þܿ硣
߳ݣźˮȥȻ;ڲԶĵط
ȵ˵ڱϯȴڱϯһƽĴʯͷϣ泯죬һ֪ʲô飬һ߿һдʡ
ͣؿ߽ʱȺ֡
񱻲β͵è͵ط
ûǰǱˣߵʯǰؿ˿ܣոտǱأ
ʲô飿飿Һú˯ȴ㳳ѣǱ̫˰ɡҫ۵΢ۣٱƽ죬ǹⲻطӦʱƵģһ仰Ͻһ仰ңǲҪԷˣ
زֻԼղı̫۾ټȷʵ£ɾͱת˻⡣
ûԷ㣬Ҫ㡣
ʲô£
ʯ֧һȣְֱ۴ȥһɢӡ
dϲسɵҲ֪㲻ϲȷʵ̫һȥռ鲼ŶͶҺòײȰϢŭҴǿ鲼
Ļǣ˵
ɫȣ㾹Ȼ֪
浱ҰūʹأûԸĵܵܣʲô֪ܲ𣿡
Ҳûô˵С⡣
Ȼأʡ
ʲôȻ󣿡һãȻҲ֪Ҫô죬Բ㣬ϾĴ硭
Ųܾˡ
ܣ
ﲻĵӣҲĵСһװǻơţôͲ˵ǲ̫࣬ôģôĲң
һҶ˺Ļ
Ϊຣ뾡취ȥǮˣҪô
㶼ôˣ
ҹˡ˵ֻûб¶ˡ
ͻɵüͷģ
ȻġҲŲ㣬ƭˡ
ƭûƭ㡭ûôƭ㡣˵аɣһءԺҪ¶Ȼ˿ˣΪǼٷޡһʼɾ˵˵ģ¶ֻҲ֪
ز߶ܵҾ
ⲻǾ£ҪŬ𣿡
ĬĬ˵Լ
ˣʲôõģ
֪ˡ
ӿɽҲ
سԾؿƨɫӵ⣬°Ͷ̵ϡ
ʿգӦĿ࿴ˡ
˭Ķʡ
û˭ҡ˵š
ƨ˷ƨ˳¡
زǴĸϷԺĮ̇ʣ˵ʱ䲻ˣȥɡ
ʹʯ
˻صݺָdΰᵽӱһƽ̹ɳϣذȵȵʱ˸һ;ϵľƲ˽üͷ
ҵأ
ذһ˳
Ǽ꣡
Ŀԣ˵
͵ɫˣô㣬㶼򣿡
ˡίСˡǼ
ͳ˿ɫڡ
ռ/ɣռҲ¾𣿡ŬԼʧľ糶һֻ͹ɼĴȣdĿ⣬Ž
ֺõسЦš
׻˵úãֲЦˡв£ľ磬Ĵȡ
һ˼Լľвˡ
ռ򣬸ľ磬ԵͺȻ̾˿
̧ͷգɫ
غȵͣӿΨdͷԸͣ
ôˣʡ
ͿҲнػ˵
һŰ˱룬ź±㡣
أ
ˮʣ㷴
ͣ㡢ôˣ
ؾöˣȴδţ޶ԡ
̾˿ɫӰ
оûǲУ㻹ᡣ
˺֪ҭһơ
û㣬´θ㼱
תͷڿء
ʫͽС㡷ɣΣ


56 
ʫ
ػ, ȵѾžһӣ
Ǵ磡˼ݣѿڳʫȵ˵
иж, ϲ̨档ҡͷǫ飬ȴ԰ͷţļƷ˳ȥ
粻Ż, ƷҲСܸʰ·磡ȵһԶʫֿ̹, ֮룬, ⻹ϲ̨, ҪЩΪʫʫô룿
ȵһͷͳԵd, ˵, ˵ոʫòã
ãádؿռ, óԡ
, Ҳʫ򶯡ȵ˵ʫд˵裬ЩʮȻɵ˲֪ж
أ
ȵ, Ͼŷ־̾һ࣬ɫ, ·˵ÿһ̾, Ǿ, еĿ, ÿһֶϿҶ̾ѵı, ·˿ĵľһ, زԼĶ, ҲԼ
ոġ㡷һ紫ħ֮滻Ϳижľ
ôͺȻһۡ
ʲôô
ʫô˳ѵոû˵
ظЦˡ
ô׷ᣬ˫ֱֱء
رĻţʶ˵
ͦá
Ҳͦá˵Ϸ˷ɡ
صͷ˵Ļڡ㡷ĿֻС
㣿㣿㣿
ﲻѭ֡ĸ˵Ƕˡ
˵ʫ㲻ʲô
ͻԴޣδ䣬ȵĹʱ
Դԣ㲻ʲô
˵ʫ˵ʲôͬǿȰȡ
ȵඥһ㣬͵ͣԣʡȻǴ翴
˵ϡȣǽʫ̫ˣЩˣСۣñҲѧʫʵʫѣȸɱ׶ˡ
ȵͷϿɣ·ͬУ˴СǼ˶һ߷ڣ䣬ĵطԼ֪ãͱһƬˣ磬˵Բԣ
ԣԡdסͷǰеļᣬٳһԼ򡭡
أ
˭Ķڸʲô
Щ˵Ļôһ䶼
㡷лƣʵûжľЩĻ
ھͿһסɤӣһƣһ㡭
ؿ
ôˣͣһơ
ҡû¡ȿȿȡ죬һû˵ķԡ
˵Ǵ㲻ţԼĿˮܱǺš˵
϶һֻϤ֣һһµġ
ؿȵɫͨ죬˳ˡһشҲʧȥʫ¡dһֻռתͷͷŽ
ͷԲˣ˵˭ǵʫ˴󷢡
ùһͺȵʰȥˣdҲںӱ̫ĵض洦һһᣬʹ׵
سԵò࣬ʼղҲǡ㡷
˳ȥɢʳ
ӱȻª⻷û˵С峺ף߶ɰСزŶʯһط۰ɫСǰ
Ļ꣬ɵ⹬вСͻ룬ժ˿õһ䡣
ܣȷ˺ߵӱߣˮеĵӰŴԼհ׵Ķϡ
ϸ׾ٵشĶ۰ɫСؿĶϣ鱦һȤضźˮӰʱȻ͵
Ķô
Ǳ˷ָɻһس˶ϵĻ䡣
εСƮƮشӰ£ںϣת˲㱻Զˡ
ҡ޴롣
ôʲôֲ㡣ü
ֻš
ҲУųҲС˵ÿ
һ㶣߶ƽĿ⡣
ģ
ġ
˸λֻȴֵؿţֳһҰŲݸ
֮ǰЩѣô㴩
شͷĿɫɨһۡ
ΪĸʬᣬȴǣТ֮С
ǰ˭ҲûںԣȻΨһĸĸΨһеһ𣬾Ͳܲǡ
Ѱɣȴһҵ˽ڡ
˵ΪԽТذɣ㴩ʲôУֻҪԼԸ⴩ġ
жݣͣл㡭
ҲϲлңǸˡҰݡ
ЩΪѣ֪λشûת˵ҪȥЩһЩλƫƧ㡣Ҫȸ£
˭Уæ˵ȻҪŰ£Ϊȡѡɡ
룬˵ǾȸҴߡ
Ӧʹӵζϡ
Ҫȥȸ仰һȥ
ߡ
ǰˣ˳ߡͰһŽСĴϱˮߣ
ת뿪ſơ
һɫõķ۰СģӴĵĵط΢΢ȣ·͵¶̡
ذС´϶ͷˮеĵӰ
ˮЦɫǰľн·ȥĳּɶһ˿ɬ
ûô˳޹ÿÿһÿ͡
һʶµӡ
֮ǰǻһ죬һǵأһཻһ졣
֡
ˮ鲻ԽЦݣ롪ֵԵ֣
صݵʱ򣬴һҰͼһͲ
Ͳװ峺ĺˮˮ￪ļȴҰСһҰΧ׺ë׵ĹβͲݡ
βͲݺҰһĲֵǴǰҲһмһˡ
յȴŪĵһСصÿһ仨ÿһݵλá
ǲκ˵Ŀ⣬κεطһֽҰ̬š
͡
ͨͨÿһˡ
Ϊʵ죬ˣµȻͿ̿ȴףʵ۲ܱһ
û˻ʵۣɡ
û˰գʵ۴粽С
ôʵ۴ڵ徿ʲôʵ۶пޣӹ񲻸΢
Ůӣԭ޲ͬ
Ʋ廨ʱͳڡ
ˣȸڼ㡣
ͣߵſڣ˰ͷǾ仰
Ҵ
ϰҵͷ˵˵ȴվû
˵ÿˡ
ʲô
׼ҰʲôطͱȥͷҲصػֵˣ
ԭһζĻǺɵѾԶƨӰ
˵õĲռأ
ƨˣӣƦå
˵㻰ȻǺˣ


57 
ͺdߺ, ȵŲñ͵߳š
ؿڸϵˮͰʣҪȥ𣿡
簲ŵ񡪡ҪɩӣҲҪһͰϿȵЦеɩӵ𣿡
سʵҡҡͷ
˵˭԰, ֻиʺλӲʸˡ㣬ֻΪЦ
ɩҪȤԣ
ȵû, ˳ƴӦ
һ, ͶһСʡİȵö, ȵȴ˵ʲô
ָһŵӣֱϹľͰ, ҸּŵͣһߵˮԻĵط, һ
һŵ, װ㹳
ȵľͰóͲһֻŤŤ򾣬㹳һ, ͸塣ԭŤŤƺеʹ㹳̳һš
زü
ȵ㹳Ϲ˦, ˳룬ŹϵҲʧ
ȵС˵һ, Ϊ˲ܣҾͲɩ˵ˡɩ, һʱ, Ҳȥ
, 㲻عҡæ˵
ڰϾ, 㹳ˮ֮ѶżҲӰ峺ĺˮ֣ƺ֪㹳ǱΣգϹ
һʱزСŲŲƨɡ
̫Ƕ»ǿٵˡټ¿ؽȥ뷨
ȵһֱź棬·⣬ȴʱ򣬵һʱ궯
ɩӣ֪Ҫʲô𣿡ڡ
ɣ˵
ȵҡҡͷĿעƽߡ
ġ˵㣬˵ʲôݷһֵġ
δ䣬ߺȻˮζʲôˮ㹳
ȵʼߣסŲˮ棬Ҳȵǰ
һᣬһȵˮͰ
غؿͰﰲ⶯㣬ȵ˦ȥ󣬺ȻʣɩϲС
ô֪
˵ˣȵЦȥ̽ĸҪ
ز˼Цˡ
ȷϲʽС˳һϸ˳̫ĶףͶ򽻵ȸ˴򽻵ࡣ
Ƕǵ۾ܿǵ⣬ˣĶ棬Ȼ²͸ϲŭһ̾Ƕ΢Цʾ⣬Ƿȥ
Ƭ͸㣬˵һڹʱһֻɫĲ˹èԽģչˡʹݺҲ֪Ƿ񰲺á
ȵοè˸ɩӲصģ˵׼ǹĳèء
ϣˡ̾˿
̧ͷӭȵϵĺӡϸ֮ŷ֣ӲȱǺ챻ȥһ㡣
ŵɩˣȵĻ׳棬ʲôû˵ȴѾĿڣŵж㣬ͷɩӻһɡ
ûϵҲ¡æͣȵҲȰ˵
صֲ䵽յĺϡûӣȵȻҲԶһΪΪʲôŻʹʧȥһƬأ
۲΢ȵʱһܲµʲôûпڽɻҲû׷ʡ
ÿ˶ԼܣҲ⡣
һϹ󣬵ڶܿҲϹˣȵӻȡ㹳ʱһʮӽ
²㡣һ£

ؾһҶ˵ﴩѣҲΪ˷¯ǰɻռ棬ƫƫɫʺȹľȣˣǴѵɫЩ
ҴռǼ㣬ְɣ˵
֣ȵЦֻǡǴ±أ
Ŷӣ죬һ
¶ϵ֣ȵһۣһ֪ʵı顣
͵ĶͱҪȥ
ȵʧЦҲãǴǸˣյ£дһذɡ
붼룡˵㣡ΪҲ֪ײҵҵڴ¡ͣҼһһΣ
￪ļɡȵЦ
Ͱҵɣⶼģл˵Ȼأ˵ҹ
ȥԶ˿ɲУ罻Ҫչ˺ɩӡȵ
û˵һˣ
ظ߽ݺһ߻ܻһǰ
濴ã滹С˵
ȵɨһϣĹ͡ЦҸݱɡ
˰֣ò裬ˮС
뿪ǰһˮڼصˮʱѾ˺Ҷ
ĹҵĺҶֻռһֻһֻֻһ롣
ﳯ֣˵£ҳԼ
ֱֵ˺һֻȳδϴֵĻȻû˵
Լϴֻһֻ򣬼ų
￴ĳ࣬ʲôϡ涫һҲգ
Ů˶ôԶʡ
ҲŮӶˡغ
²˴κȻŰݷã϶⣬˵Ҳÿڣֻǰռ
ճ粻ãһֻû͵÷ӡ
ͳԱˣһ˼ı顣
Ҹùʳáؽ͵
ʳظһĻ˵ֻռǽոտõģ꣬ˡ
üȹǸָָҶϵһֻռ
ǸҹʣµģȻûҲ컵ˡһͻԡ
سû˵ûԥûüȵĸɾͳһŵϡ
d鲼ͷ
Ѿ֪ʲôˣ鲼ͷû
dȥĶˣʡ
ͳȥˣ˵ȥ˵
dǰҲӹҲٶҴû򿪿˵ڿӦô˲ǡ
Ȼ֪Ӧûʲôܣ̬̲סΪd˵û
dʲǺԣƱ
֪˶٣˵֪ˡ
¶һĨգƺ̫ϰ˵Ļܿأһļȡ
ǰôҲûԴ̫֦ҶˣǸɵӣҲúһƽϡ
شĻϣ㻹ǰԴdһҲɵһ˵˵ҾãdҲһġ
ǰɻdϲԭˡ
˵ϻ˲dǸɵӣһͺˡdĺãٴͬ飬ȵܲ˽dķܡ
d䲻⣬ǳġñ˭塣
𣿡ŰɵüͷһֱΪԸһҲϲ
Ҳ֪ܿ϶dϲҲϲ˵ˬʴ˵ʱرɡ
Ȼô˵ҾͲˡͣҲˣοǼгŮ˵ԸϵָóüˡȻأʵͦġϣףɷûȴ񹤵Ůӣ̫ټˡҪʲô⣬ңҲм˵ܰʲôæ
ظжĺ⣬æл
˵˵վʲô񣡰ѽ£ְ°صϣȻʳǾ͸Һ;һˡ飬ǺõġʲôѴ㶼Ժ˵ͺ˰ѽʲô̻һģԼƴŮӱѣȻûأŲദֻҪҺãҲġ
Ļؿļˡ۲µİŵ
еʱͬΪĽã඼ûкɫһΪиǵմŭķĸһ棬Ϊи˿δ
ǳӶܵͬΪŮӵĺ⡣ǲ׾֪Ԯ֡
ѣԼͻֻļĬ
ΪжֲδܳڵĻڴڵسż
˵Ǳ޵ģһǻмȻǰֻռ
ֱӵϵһ


58 
˵, Ҳ֪ĸ
ֱͷ޾ɵd١
ȵһͰ㣬Ȼ˴, ʣµȻ١ǰʳĴ˳ǩӵ뻮һذһŴҶϣһ̵ʢϴкõ߲ˣһ, ָʹdӵڳһֻʯ, ᵽ˺ӱ߳ϴɾ, ܵݲԶ¶쿾¯ϡ
¯״һĴʯͷģdѱʯƽȺ, ͺܿ𣬺ɫĻںӷĴ, ܿƮ˻ڡ
ĸΧʯ, Ҩһ԰ȥȵõÿǰһ
֮󣬵ڶֵ, Ŀµˣ״æ֣Ե̫, ҳԵ㿾˾ͺˡ
ȵûǿȴֿ˳ˡ
ÿԵøСƵģ˵ԼԵöࣿ͸Է, ׷ܳһͰ
زÿԵöҲпԭ
Ϊ˵ʲôҵǲҲģ
ƨ˼άɢ, һӷɵϡ
ز, ȵû˵, ЦŲ廰, Ȼû㣬Ǵ˸ռǽ
ôãɡ
ȵҶĵһռʯ
˴㣬Ҳвɡȵ˵
Ҳţ޲Ūңвľ˴ռƨɣϵıǷᣬǲ¶ˣ
ر첻ԣκƫҪûк˵ռǴʲôϼģ
˵ˣ˵ռʣµġرؾ
˵꣬;ռϵĴȷŽϤռζһѬθռӦŷӿ촽Ŭѹ¿쵽ڵռ
ʲô飿Źֵɫü
ؼȣַŽ͵Ҳԣԡ
ȵЦɩǸжòأٶɩӾҪȦˡ
ȷʵȦˣǱġ
һòգߣøжˣ
ǰĿҲܾ־ǿңͼˣĴø۰ͰͶŵdһֻȣȵ
ֵԼٴγ˳һμӡ
͵ļӿһʯ˿߲Ҳˣһȥʯ죬ڿװӺϹƬ֮䣬ʯϵÿ˶¹͹⡣
ȻѾͣζǹͣӡ
ȻеĶ߲ˣͱ߲ͨװӣҲúܲͨÿһӲӵ϶˱ǵζ
ͼ˳ԵøǲֺûһͲˣҲֻʣߡ
ͰʣµĿʯ壬µһɽϲɵҰɫļ͵ҰϣûһᣬŨҵľ͸Ʈ
ͽ̳һڣ̾˿Ҳ֪ܳá
ںһװӽϾϵΪʲô
ͿһۣĨȥߵ
ڶʹּ̿ٹٸΪλʵ˵Ļûʲô˰಻סĳͷ񡣡
ȵİ׼ɣһ߼ʯϵĿһ˼
סڽλҲˣǾýҲٰȫ˰ɡ
ûдܿȻˡ
ʱľãdȵΪ˸ϻסǰ뿪ݡʰоֵʱҲæʰ
ϴϴѾ߸߹ҹգԶĳҲģģļ
һ˸ͣڴϷȥ˯ȣʳﶥû˿˯⡣
ϴ˯ţͲ˯
ҡҡͷ
ȻҲԭ֮һⴲҲ̫Сˣһ˯ʩչǼټһëӣϵĿռӵ
̫٣Բ˯šͿ϶
ǳ˲˯šز
Եǵ㶫͵üͷ˲š
ú磬շתࡣ
ãͺȻ˵ǲҳԲŲռģ
̫ȣʶͷȴ˵
ʵò˵˾ˣòռҡ
أں˵˵ʲôأ
Ȼ֪ǴʲôطóĽۣҲӹ͵ĶƤƿעûһᣬͿʼ⡣
Եͷ˸ľ֨ѽһûۡ
Ͳţ֧ͷ˯ú޽ĵŮӡ
˭߶ôȣǶߣ˯ûз
ϣǺߡ
޵ĴûûΣódȴйص⡣ģЩ¶ȡ
Ҳ
˯գĬĬ˵


ļҹԶֵġ
׳ɫһڲŻص˼С
鲻ɰװŽӮļö߳һӰĺʧ١
㻹֪ܶɫѿվſڡ
һÿɱš׳ҾҾ֣˵
ôڼңܶʡ
׳ҲŵɵĲҡԼһƨˤڴϣذ˸֡
ܶĸ˽ģɫѿ㻰û
˵ǲػѣҲٿĵĶӡ
˵ܶǳ⣬ﲻ˵Ļ
û˵׳ƤЦһʰˣЩҲµġ
㿴Լⲻӣܶһѽ˴ӴﶨȻҳߵģ
׳Ȼһ˦ܶĵ֣ԩңҲǸѧģᣬĵܳʲô
׳û˵꣬Ȱһơ
ܶòУ׳ȴЦ
û¥ʹƣôģûǰأ
׳ЦܶĿűһͷ׳̲סһ
Ҫȥţذ׽ôôôô򡪡׳̯֣һβģҷʲô𣿡
׳Цҿɲװװ򡣡
ӣ̯ǼŲҡܶúǳԼ飬ת˳ȥ
׳ϵЦʧ٣Ҳأɻش̱
ԺӲܶ﷭䵹ͨķŴ˽׳Ŀ񣬷·һж޶ԡ
ãܶһο
ļױĶˣܶĵԵŭ
⻰ʵ֣ļױĶô֪׳۵
˵ܶŭ
׳ɫ縲
ʱҷƢԼȥţ˵ױǱأ
ôܴױߣ϶ܼӳң͵͵ļױˣܶŭɶָı˵ǲȥˣ
Ҳȥ׸Щ¥Ǻðɣ׳˵
㡪ܶû
׳¿ˮ̵رۡ
ﾲĵģû˵ҲûȥĽŲʶϸãܶٿʱ˺ܶ࣬һ˿
ҪǮҪ
Ŷ׳ۣЦЦؿܶģϡ氡Ҫʲô£˵Ӹıı
ܶԥƬ̣˵ҪеܵˣҪѴ
µ鲻á׳
ɲôܶ˵ӴˣۿžҪȥˣǲѴܵҲͱסˡ
һǮҲûУʵ׳ֵ̯Ǻ£ȥɣӡ
ܶĲţԣ׳ˣļױóƽ֡ܿ԰ɣȻ϶Ĳ㣡˵Ҿȼ²ܹȥ׸ţģҲ׵ܵܣ㲻Ȱɣ
Ҳ˵ôûǮǮ˵
׳ȻѸײڶ֮ߵܶĵĲϡ
ȥҪǮɣ
һƺ߶ܶľǺ˫۱ͻ֫š
ﾲĵģֻ׳һ˴صĺ˫ҵŵ
¹ڵ죬ˡ
Ψвɡ


59 
ᵽӱ߱Ժ, ˣˣҲ˯úˡ
ֻϧûʮȫʮסݺ, ȥϱһ¡ԭÿվҪȥһ˺ͻ, ڱʮһ, ֵ˭ҪȥϰµʱͻǴһ̣һ·ͬС
ѾȫӳĹɵʢģﻹ, ͻʱ, Ըܵĵ
ɩ, ¾͵㡣, ͷɩӾͽҸˮ̵ȵҡȵĶͷһƬ飬, ϸĶ
֪, ȥæɡæ
ȵһЦվԭصȥ
˷ֿشһ»Ļ, ƹ޾ɵ̱һϣһȺȷ硣
ƹ׻֮ǰô̤ż, վ˹̨ǰ
ƹ̧Ƥһ, һ, Ψеҡ
, ̫үĹӰصҲߡƹ, ׻㣬һĵģһɽģ۸㿪ô
һҲƹʶ㣬ƹܿʲôǮ
ƹǣеȶ˶٣˵ȻǶǮȻһһʮɡ
ǾͷƹˡЦµ֮ǰһѶ׻
ƹ˵ͷ˵
ؼһȵò˵ӣ»ˡ
߳ãźӱǰȥ̲ڵĺˮͷӲӵĽε£סĹ뿪ˣԼĴҲˡ
ؿյĻȻһ߲ʧС
ͷصӣһãҲ֪ڷʲô
̫ʲôиƻһʲô
ǻпطǽߵĻʳ
ͷɽҰãǣ֡ǣǣĹ
Ǳ·˶ͺþ𣿡
عԭѲ֪˾ľǰ
ﴩŻʯɫȹ/ذ¶ýģ󷽷չ¶ԸһŮӿҲȡڹ̨ǰŹӣЦЦؿء
ز˼ЦЦղƲˡ
ｿҲū˵˵һȣû˳ˣūҸ˵强ҲС
Ҳһʱᣬ˾óһ±ëԣ˵ͣ
ӶҵңԱǻҵҹŮ˷Ұ˹һ𡪡󣬺ţ˲档
ô֪Щµģؾȵ
ūʲôӪġЦûв͸ǽҲûк˵ˡ
Ӿﴦضﲻһë࿪۽ܡ
ǧ磬Уԭб̫͹Ůʳ벻¡
ذݷ˾òܺ˱ˣ˳ȥݷ
Ǽ꣬ȴһVֵƣ´ۣ˵С㲻ڡ
ʲôʱʡ
СĲҡҡͷ̧Ӳ˲ͷ󺹵Сȥһʱ˰ɣ˵ˡ
̫ȣŻ¯Ӽֱϵһ̫
վſڵһȲȥˣòǣûʺáĲɵӦˡ
߳Ǽ꣬Լȥ
ŵĶµˣ˽ŲҴңû˭˹ڽй䡣ضϰ߽޷磬ҲȣȻ˹ĵĽȴ˽Ϻʵˡ
ҲΪ٣;һƵСʱӾͷһϤӰ
ȴûҵһվŽϵ˳ʱ̧ͷ죬ʱֲ̧
ɻ󣬲߽С

ﾪ֮䳯ſһ⡣
ŵŤͷȥҲȫ˹ȥҲˡȻ֪ΪοôֵҲᣬ¿϶һ㡣
Ҳ룬첽ߵ
㻹𣿡
ﱳ˵һᡣ
æͳݳԥƬ̣ӹ
ض˶٣þǰ㲻ǻʲô鷳æҲ⣬ôأ
ĬĬź׵ۿ
Ҳǿ֪ԭίվխСı
û¶ˡ
ҧҧȻ˵ϡôռζ𣿡
سһ˭˵ģûŵѽ
οҡ˵
ûаο㡣ؽһ͵ɩӼҼǴΣ趹㡣
Ϊһ·ġʵ
·ûζ˵ζ·Դ𣿡ؿ϶պռ򽻵϶ҲռζֻҪѲͺˣ
мﻰû˵
պѼȸ򽻵ԼʲôҰƨƨȥŵǰ򲻻˵˴׵Ļġ
ǽ߳īߺڵĵȻȻ¡
ÿռϴռζҲпԭΪģ
ԥ˭˵ʲô𣿡
־˵ҲһռζùżҲһռζողŲõֱ
ƨŭɶѿڶ
Ծ̧ͷ
شʱŸеƿڴ֮ΣһмռζѺˬˬˣżûմͣôܻռζأ˵ķ˻ﲻõ档
־ģû뵽
ض˶٣ʣ׿˵𣿡
͵ġ·ȡЦңҸдŵҲһ˵ˡ˲ᣬ˵ӹģ֪֪ʲôõط
طȷʵ֪£˹о飬ǡɶŹλط
ð죬ɣصȥֽд㡣ص
İο£･ֹᡣƽصǼ꣬ƿԼС׵ۿԾܽ˺¡
㡭дɡӹ̨ҳһŲóɰƴֽŵݸء
ؽӹֽʣѼ˺ͷɵطд
䷽ĶҲ֪õղӣٸ취ɡ˵
ûϵʶһ̣һܴչӵģﾪϲ䷽˰Σ̧ͷмأҼˣԺʲô£һæ.
ֻǾ֮Ͱˡ֪̽ܲܿҵķϣԭ͵Ĵ£
һ㶣¿أƺʱǰ˵ӡ
룬˵Ȼô˵ˡǰ¾һʹɡ
ظЦտлĿ
ʲôʺˣȢŮӣֹ
ʵͦõġ뵽ʹǰ͵Щ£˵ǮʽСһ䣬ͦõġ
ʩʲôáҡҡͷ
Ｑȥռ䷽ϵҩģظ෴
û뵽߳һõӰǰ
ӣŴŮ
ؾȶؿǰˡ
ƴĹԶɽüһ˫ˮٵĿǳƤ΢΢ڸһСͫʣ۰ŵֱ¡
ǣɻ
ҽϵˡ˵ףݼ汸һȻˡ΢Ц
Ĵ˵Ҳ׹
ⲻǾߵŮ˵⣬ֻûлӦˡ
˵ĻŵҲͬʡ˵Ǹˣɽ˲֪ԭˣ
Ƿŵ˲ĺ󹬣ɫҲܹһġ
;ȻܾˣĿɿڴʲôأ
Ҹո·˴пС㣬ϸʣȴһ˽ȥЦʵҵСʲô鷳ûȥǵ̸
ز֪˵ʲôû
Ҳ⣬ɫ糣ؼ˵ҼӸոߣͬΪŮӣͬСյʱһ취ĹһССĽѵҲΪŮӳһڶ
Ҫȥѵ־سԾ
ƷвˣȥѵֻҪſϷˡЦϷӿøˣһ󡣡
ʲô
ǰطɷһݸң
ػشȳڴĻ
ӲڻشңȺϷǳ١
Цӯӯһµĺѩףһ֦滨
ʩʩȻˣ鸴ӵؿıӰ
ôƯҲҪѲȢ


60 
ػصʱ, ȵѾ̯Ϻĵ衣Ҳһ裬ЪϢúһӱݹȥ
ԭ߼·, , Ѿɵҵϵһ, ˵غȵ˵ȵЦе
˵ǱƳģǰû˱㣬ҲͲ֪Լļʲôط
, ⼸, оԼɳ˲١
˺ӱ, ںӱߵҵ˴ͣȲˡ

Ϳ, ϸһñߵӲñ´
һ, ȡϵĲñ, Ŀֱء
ʲô
̬ȺͶԾ˽ȻͬؾеĽ䱸;裬˵˻·, ˡ
ٺ򽻵¶ϲɫⲻϲǰأǲڳ, 𣿡
رţ༰, 㶵
۱ȷѻࡣ˵, 򽻵, ˻ҪǮ
زô
ڵġͷֳ, ȴöۻʲôˣ
޷Σֻܰ緢¼Ҫ˵һ顣Ȼȥľԭֻ˵־ð
Ǳطġ˵˻ãһ䷽ˡҪ뿴ϷȥϿ
ؼ𣿡
ţȻȵdҪ࣬йΣܾͬҲа취
ġԴѾ㡣
£ҽ㡣һŲŲճһƬطк¡
ؿխĵռԥˡ
˵ȵ̹ҵˡ
ȵɷؽ⺺᲻ܺ㣬ȴƵģֱֱŸճݵȵɩ˵ˣ
ȵӴһ
ɩӣҽĿɲǵ㣬ҶոţƤëнԣأ£û˱Ҵ
š͵ͷ°ɡ
һͷˮҲû˵ѧ㰡
飬Ҳþֻܾ˵ȥŵӳ
꣡ɨһۣ࣬ߴߴɣҵ㶼Ҫˣ¾£
أ
ͱ
鲻Ը͵ĵ
ӱͲ˸ƨɣҲ֪ΪʲôǼһʱᣬ˶̹
ҡ
̧ͷҫĿչ⡣
ͷԴҲԴ
ȻȡزͷǣˡԵȰȻ£Ҳӻִ
һᣬͶһ仰û˵ʱʱͷȥֻܿԽԽߡ
˵Ҫ
һ仰˵ҪԼඥ
ɻ󣬿¿ڻ㣬ֻҲűտڲԡ˰죬һҲûȻ˵ȴ룺£Ͳôûȵöࣿ
Ϊ¿˯Сҡҡ׹ʱһȺȻѹ
˭׼ӵϵģ
һƨվŵİ߰Ҫˤͽһѽ
ظվȣ;Ͱ󲽳ӵȥ
ǿ׳׳ˮͰתӣκȻȳҲʹ˸šػһԶ룬׳ҲǸؽʲô̬ͣʮּ
תۣеˮͰ͵ת߻أͰ㵹ԼյľͰ
ؿţһա
ǵľͰѿͰˣˣٵһߣ
ˡ׳ҡͷӹľͰҲƵˡ
º߿հʣر˼û
Ϊʲôߣʡ
ӵĵ̵㣬ҪǮģǮ͸㡣˵
ĵسһ
ûС
ѿڶ㲻𣿡
ô˵ģͲüͷкӵ㶮𣿡
ӵǶһЩģġӵͨ׵Ľзɽˡ
ΪͰ磬µһߡ
¡ȷʵͦ
һֻ򾶼ûϣͰˡ
ãغȻۼƳһ˾Скηηڶ԰ĺӱߡϴ÷׵Ĳ£ǻ̵ĲںͿŶԼҪ࣬Ҹ¼һü֦װļªͣȱһڵСľͰһ˫ںڵӶصߺطɿˡ
زΪĵͿ⺢ӣóӵۡ
ȻͶҲȻԴ
˯һᡣͺȻ˵Ѳñ¸ǻϣȻͣĵϹٽҡ
æӦˣ˯˼ʱ
С͸ϲñӸˮͰӽڵλáز̽ˮͰؿСѵƬɵ㹳ϴһֻɫС棬Ȼ㹳ӽˮ
Ǹݵĸ첲ۣΪŷΣʱʱƫͷ˯ûۡ
ڣС½½㣬һֱҲ
ˮͰ뿪ǰСԥؿźӶ԰أȻһ̵سܽ֡
زЦˡ
ɵЦʲôͳ²ñ塣
ЦЦá
͵ϡ
ôˣ
ʲô㣿ը㣿㣿
һֳԷصע˺һᣬ¶ģ
ը㣡
ãͳը㡣
˵ͣһͬվһ㹳ϻĵͣһװˮͰСض顣

ڶգ͹Ȼϡ
ڼ̯ͽһ裬ֽСԣɫɡҿһҲ
ĵǲĴһô죿
ը̣һӣɫը׼ȷ꣬ΪȻͲдϷ̨Ļᡣ
ûһᣬԳԳʳΪҲˣضĵȥһؿͣôҲڣ
Ǯܲڣ˵
ɡ˵
׻˵һ壬ѵҪһ
ҭסˣκ˵ͣøл죬Ȣ˸ӡ
ͺԥһֱڸл
ﲻ˵ˣһһسը̡֮ʧ٣Ҳ˿ΪҪɢˡ
ҡ
뿪/Ծգͻִû˵Ļ
һ£ͷڵĸӴСˣŭ׷һǱӴܵĳӡ
Ǳ֮ˣǵһױһףʴʵ־
⡭ɴ۾ʶվ
Ҫ˳ͷȸΪʲôɣͶ豭ʱ˵
еˣ¶ŭ⡣
㿴˭ָʹöƦåָʹ̫үĹӲɣ
ٳ¹ӿȥسĬˡ
ιסһζֵˣ֪־Ϊʲô𣿡
֪ˡ·ֻ־׷˽дŻûͳ䵽̫үĹʲôˣ˼Ҳǹٻ֮ҳģֻǼҵˡ⡪̫үĹӿϵ⣬ܲ𣿡
ҧ촽˻ȥ
԰ôˣһöӽɵռұ˵Ļ᲻࣬ȷˣ
ɫ𽥻ָģ֣޾
͵һϰ壬ʮը̣


61 
ˬĵ, ֪ѽβ
غͰСԺʹǰ޶ӡ
һģÿμشǰк, ҲõҪط, ҴĴԡ
ͻʱ, ʱʱ峿Ǿ䡰ˡȻÿ߾˵ǰװһƽôĴĽ͵⣿
ͻʱʱԺϴ, زٱܶ, ѰϵĿ֮ҵ˼β˺ࡣ
ÿÿʱ, ضʹĲѡ
Щͣ治Ǹˣ
Ϊͼ縺˶ص, ֽѧʡϲ徭ȴʷȤ, Ѿؽ˴뱾ʷǡ
ͽ, ٽ𱾼͡شӹʵ֦֦ϡ
Ϊʲôʱ仹磬ٽһƪɡͶڵ, 
ɳдʷϵռƪģȻǧһʼʡ
, Ҫһˡ˵, Ȼ, ̫֮, ·ȵġ
, Ҫʲôü
һ֪ˣ⡣
ûֹͣԴƻ
ϣȰѻ㽻ȻǼĴš
ڵţ¶ɡ
ظԺһֻСĸ
ԸģԻýµࡣ˵ֻҪһֻˣһȺ
æҡͷܣҵһһֻ͹ˣһòãһȺңô
ֹҲֻΪôࡣ
ҿֻͺܺãҪֻɡؽºɰǮ
һ̸Ǯüë
ֵҲҪˣҲԿعҪǲҸǮԺҶˡ
εر˸ȷǼĳɱۣûнԿ󣬲ͭ帶Ǯ
ؿŸɸɾëɵСĸôôϲżǣȻ¶Ϊѵɫ
ҡл㡣
ʲôûж롣
ǼķֵҪˣҵ˵ݵ̻࣬гٹãҾҪҵһȥˡԺݣһҪҡ˵
ͻȻ˵Ҫ뿪ͷأ˺һᣬʧ䲻ѡ
ﻹڵĻشѹǿװЦյѽҲԶлᵽݣһ㣡
Ļز롣
ͷصǼ껹ţѾеƹ񽻴ˣ򼦣ǰۡ˵
ؽѲΪռˣæܣκʢȴã۲أۼɡ
ҡҲ֣ܲдţҡҲҪ·ͷصĻҲ;ġ
ס֣οİɣҺ;ﶼġǺء
ԣһЦֿ֡
Ǿ˵ˣȻ뿪ͷأǻǺѡ
ͷ
һӺȻӺԺһ߳վԺأɫ΢΢仯
˯ˣ󷽷ؽԵأҵѣء
֪Ȣӡ游˵ͷȻվԭسĬˡ
ʶɫЦŸǡȻû游ĲϲǰӲǰͳ˵š
лˣȥɡؽӹ
ȥ죬һҪң˵
Ȼ㲻ҪҲҪأЦ
أ߸˵ת˼ꡣ游վڼɫݵôˣ
ֲǺͽѣʲôϵﲻΪ⣬ڴ
ҲֻǸҵ¾ˣȢŮ·ѣʲôϢ
˵ôô˵أҲ߹󲻵ʲôط
ִҹ
˵Ҳϡ˵ϡ˼ϡ̼أ
Ϻ;ʩ
ΪŮͲˣٲʲôϵĻŭҪ׸ģҺã
׸ҲҪиƷȥģҲԵİɣҪˣ˭
ʲôϵҪŷҲϲҲжһݵбˣ
һ游ȫǴ治Ψһĺʲô취мǮҲ˼һӣֻһŮ
ϱʲôֻŮŮ游ҡͷ̾
ôŮҸأһ仰ҲãԵҪĶӣûҵѪҲ˵һĺӣŮǶ϶ҵѪ
㡢㡪ˣ˵ˣȥˣŮһҪң游ȥ
ֲ֣ԼſڵҡǰСˡ

ССӽǼҵһԱˣһҪÿոһ
ضСĸǰһ߶һһСסСĸҲˣרעŵϵ
˵öôվһԹۣɡ
ҵĻöҵŲɣܵҵĺ⣬Żµ鶼໥ġ
鶼໥ġͳ˳ǣԭ˺ͼĸҲ໥ġ
ǵȻˣ飬Ҳиġ
Сĸҿ˿Сˣһһһ߿ˡ
Ϊʲôô·ؾȵؿŵСĸ
̰˵ڵԡ
ָ棬Ȼʯɳرͷϵ̫ɹù̡
ؿŲסŵСĸ۵
ͣԺѰɡ
üͷԼļҲŽ
Ҫи˯ĵط㿴ڶ̵ûţ
Ϊɵģ㿴Լܵȥ𣿿ңԺô˯Ķ˯Ķôû˯ĵط
Уٵѳر˵û
һֻһ͹õأôҸź
ذԸ̣ڲǹź
ͻ˵üûֵسŸСĸҲȥˡ
ԸɣָСĸ⻬˳ĺ󱳡
ССһƽϣѹƢáµĵ㻹Ҫµġ
һ߶߶˵øˣ
ǽСҲãҸȡһְɣѾѼdȵڤ˼룬һ֣ͽɣ
ƺ֣ͷؽ
زЦ
һʱ䣬ʹһɹýƵĿݲݻˡ
һһر֯ѡһԿĶԸ
ѹ󡭡
ѺܿͱˣذСĸѣҪ׼ˡ
һ㲻ӣ֣ʹӼ˳
վһԵû˵˵ܱӱغһ
ظЦûأȵϣ֪Լ˯ˡ
һ飬ͳʱҲһˣԺԺѲߣ˶˲١
ڴ˯º󣬵ڶһ磬˳߳ݣѰûڼµ
տҲͼûС
ұԺҲûҵ飬Ѱȥˡ
ŵذ˯һСĸ
۾ճݾվסˡ
Ҹƨǲ𣿡û
Ķأؼæ׷ʡ
һָسָȥ
деĹϣһֻ˶Сĸ֦ϣƽ޹ӭĿ⡣
ôģؾˡ
˵ˣӲҪѡ
һһ£̧Ⱦһš
Ӹ㲻˯ǲǿң
ܵţų
ȥµ²㣡Ͷ
ƺΣգһȥ˺Ժ
ȴ˸磬תܽݣӴڶԺԺСѹ󡭡
أʲôأϴԷˣ
͵ĸ¸ҽС
ӦһԺļּȥǰԺѼ
˭ѹֲأ


62 
ҵʱ, ĵһŵ
ջˣС˼ûκλ¡źмļҲ͵Ķӡ
ø, ˺ô˵еһż
Ҫ, ǻ͸ҪЩ
Ȼ, ϻҲСس̫û, ϻȥͻ
ںõ·Ѿȶ, ÿµ׶û߰ʮ, жƵӵʱ, ܳϰ
ЩӶ͸ľϻÿС̳ӽȥû죬Ӿͻ³ľϻ
ͲҪǮǿ, пԡ
ˡ
̶, ȴľȫ
ͱ̫, ĽΪÿÿ뵽һ, ؾͻڴշת, Ե˸ĵľᣬһ첲˦, ѹ, ˵׼Ͳ׼
㶯ȥô˯ţȻ˯ˣ, ˯
Ϊѣȴƣ
һ뵽ڶտҪȥЩѲĶ, Ҳҷȥ, ˵Ҳ, ֮󣬻˯ˡ
⣡ͻԹ
ÿնΪģ
׵£ֲܸ߱ˣѰ⣬ֻԼ
գȥͻ㣬ڼ˷Ц˻ĥ̴ͱֵЦúܹŹ֣ܽӲòףűסҪѿڶ
ˡ
ȵķֿϵЦҪˡ
ףû˵Ǿ仰
֪ͣѾ֪ʲôǶĴ
ÿնڴľУģֻипòˣĬĬƨƨ
ͲףҲܲװ
ڻؼҵС·ϣȻһʵ
ɵͣ½Ų
￲߶͵ũʱ磬һũ˵ӰӶ΢ñػߵĵɳɳ
ѵˣ
Ҫǰеһ̣ͬһ
Σ׽Դͷ͸һ˿Ϥһ˵֡

ɫһ䣬̫࿼ǣһ˸߸ߵ￲˳С·Դͷȥ
תһƬʵĵɫ䣡
ﱻ׳찴ڵϣһǱ׳ȱ˸ָͷ϶ˮ
׳Ҫвʱ򱻴ˣؼæȥȹңδ⿪һɡ
һ
׳Ҫݣǰ⿴ŮӺȻ
ͣ
׳һ£ϵֲˣô˻һҧĶָϣʹͬʱһӡ
׳͵شϷˣڵϷɱĲҽС
ץס֣ͷҲص￲ܡ
ǡվס׳ʹŭ
ͷܣս֡
ĵܻ￲ϵĴ·׳û׷űһߵòᡣ
زͣһ·Լңֱϵ˨
û°ɣţϻͷ
ץ½ɫ԰׵ص˵ͷ
أʡ
ȥˡһҵ·һ˵£ʹͻˣҽȥ
ƽȻ𣬵Ǹû˵ŮңէȻ£ص˵ͷ
ӺԺⲽȻؿǰˡ
˰Σ
㡭ٹգҪȥˡ
϶һ٣֪ϢҲ¡ͷ£֪ðοʲôſ˱
һԲվţɫ
㲻Ҫ߱ˡҲС
ԥƬ̣Ӧ
ֱֵܻؼң׳Ҳûг⡣
ףôˣȵ
͵𣺡ء
غһۣϵı飬첽ߵԺ˿š
˽ôˣ
һڼңŰȫЩǿװ򶨵
Ͷ࿴һۣĿת߳ϣ²ʲô
ɫȻ԰ףɫѾƽ޶
صģֲ㡣
ҲɨۣزϢʲô
ڣƺûв״
˵ٹվҪȥˣʡ
̵ͦ飬ǴĶװ͵İ
̫ǳˡҡͷ˾Ҫؿ㣬һȻҪˣһdȥɣҲԾ֮ꡣ
ʲô֮ꡭư͵Ӧ
dֿͣɻ˭Ҫˣ
ɵҪˣ˵
ȥĶdһ⣬ҪȥãʲôʱʱҪóԵġ
̫ˣתص֣˵ˣǵǰ˵õ¡
سɵص˵ͷ
d뿪ȵ߹˳վԺ˿ûЪϢͼ
ɵվˣݰǿЦ
ǷʲôˣͲܺŪĿתض
ؽͰͣ˵һ
ﱻ˷ˣʡ
Ҳ֪ˡ
ػŵתݡ
¹غڣⶣܸ߱ˣô԰ôҪ͸¶ͣ
ڴϣѰ
׳ô⣿ǻֻǡ׳ϵĲ
ʱ⣬ıѾã
ذͷϵĽѼĥһֲ˵ĳ̶ȣĽ㰲һЩ
Ȼÿˡ
վ£ߴһ˫ƽȻ
˵ʱʱҡ
صĺ˶
κŬ˵˻ش
á

ˣˡٿһʱհɣһܴյǮģүүһء
׳ϪˮʹزߵסϪˮˮһӲĶʯҲĶͷĳѪۡ
ʧ룬ɢţһҲͣ
⻰˵ˡ
ˮվʮ߰һĴ׳׳µĺһһϣĴָĦһźذס
ͷҲ̧׳ǹϣҲ˲ӣÿΣҵĶʧš
үүβˣĲˣ׳ϾܴյǮˣ
һ̧Ц֪ļױҵķѾ䵱ȥˣ㻹ʲôǮ
ҪȢˣү֪ǼĳŮ𣿾ȢǼҲҵģ㻹òǮ𣿡
СԸ㣿
Ը⣡϶Ըģ׳ϥһԵĻˡսսعˮƴ͵аѱԸ޸ңҲһһǮңֻҪõǮҾܻ϶ķծˣүٿҼգһǮ
һֳƬ̣֪ƭҪʲô۰ɣ
˾ʮҲƭү㰡׳Ұ
ȻˣҾٸʱ䡣
׳ٺһƴͷлүлү
Ҳл̫ˣٸʱ䣬д۵ġ
׳ոѪɫ˸ɾ
ʲʲôۣ
һְеذ׵ݸһ׳Էӹ󣬺׳һͬ׳
𡢱𡭡үңңġ
峺Ϫˮ
ʺѪҺϪˮ䦿һָ˳¡


63 
Ȼš
, غֵǰȥСܴȴֻһˡ
ͺȵԽ̸dԲ֪һ߾Ͳ֪ʲôʱټ, רעؿӱ
˫, ǿ̶ʱۿﲻͣ˸
, ҲҪˣװӣó顣
㰲, дŴ, Ҳдŵġʵ
áһڴӦ, ֮, Ҫչ˺Լʲô¾ȥҾǸȵġҲǣ˵ʲô߲ҿԼ˿޳, ź˵˵Ѳġ
غ۾Ӧ, , һ˿и, һɿ, ǰ֮׵Ѿͻ̳Զ
ٿǹͲŹˡֱο
ֹ, С֮ҹ𣿡
˭, ֪
¶Цôûڶһˡ
˵ʲôؼæ׷ʡ
ҪҼ޸, Ͱ¸ˡǿװ򶨣ﻹǴڳεŭ, ҵŷҰȥ, ˵ҵߡ
ҵ, һҵгˡֻҪҵڣҿ⹷в˭
֡ػûʣæĬһ£ʵԼԵʮѷĴʿ⡣
㲻̸𣿡ʡ
һξͻеڶΡοʲŭӿɫȭͷŭĿǳŮ˵޹ؽҪǵҵǮҲȱŮӣʲôҲҵŮ
.
ס֣ĬĬ
κƽ濴أϾҪȥˣԼûʲôҵ㣬׳ΪǮɶģʲô¶óǧҪС
زʱΪԼģɵأˡóԼĻ˼յĻ㣬ŵΪ׼ȳٴ
ʲôôأòд˳ƪ۸Ұɣҿɿ֣Цá
İɣ㿴öغ·Ͻõġ
˵һỰֱھͷѳʱ䵽ˡ
ҲˣЩ·Σաز
ͿᣬʲôҲû˵ߵԵͷ
ﺬ⣬ſڴЦŴ˵طдţ
ӽﳯֱ֣ص˵ӰҲ
ᣬس˰κ͸Ļ㡣
ССһĲǻɽˮɽʯ̬ɷŭŵ
ȵڻϣȴ̲סЦ
̫߸߹ڱĲת̤̤̤Զȥʱ˲ԼͬļĬһ˴ӱȥ
ĳʧĻȻ
һμ棬Ǻأ
شֻʣﳾĴ·ͷջۣȴɨһӺһŵӰ
ôˣע⵽ͻı顣
׳ҧгݵı黹ӡԺ岻ʶҡҡͷûʲô
غܿתۣͳǰעӵķȥֵߣ࣬
׳Ȼ벻֮Сķңȥһ·Ĳɡ
Ѿˣ׳ô׷ȥѰ
ѰǻŮܺ
Ҳ޷Ĭȥ
͡ҡ
һԲؿûдߴҲûв͡ȵã֪лҪ̸Ÿտӱָͷdһ߿Щ
ǣһѡһ٣æǿ
ţʹصͷ
ҲǾ㲻ʶ
ţҲʶ
ذ¼ӹһĪеϣڵظ͡˵ÿĿİͰͣȴʼպĵ˵ˡ
һ𽥻ص˳ӿϣ˶Ҳ˲٣Ŀ⻹ǲĴѰ׳µһ죬ͳ
ԣڵĵʲôʡ
ҵңǸѵѡ˵ͽûҪǮ취ӺŮӡ
ѵѵĵҲǺ޵˵ѵѣصˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ֪ˡ

Ӵ׳ˤϡ
ԭӵĶķ¥ת˲šеСģһʱ³룬ĳˡ
Ƭ̺󣬴ĺһִһ߳ɫһ̶ֻ߻ӵʮ׳ꡣ
ͣʲô˼
˵㡣ϰ壬ǻطͶڶ࣬ҲС޶ãɵʵ
һֵߴdȵɨ䵽Ͼʧ׳ϣƬ̺󣬿ڵ

ͺԥظźһ߽ȵdץ׳ͷҲѲҽŵϽ
һַԸ¸˿ϲ裬Լһ̴ľοǶϣﺬ̶һڣ˳
˵ɣΪʲô
үҰ׳պһȵͳͷɳһš
ȵֵʱȻЦеģͱ޹أ׳һˤϣɫҰףһᶼ
үҪʧˣ׳ǷǮҪһˡ
һϲŭѱ棬ƤͫһֻŻѪߡ
Ͱһ̵˵ҪŪϵÿһ̫үĶ⻰ҵġ
⻰û͵
ǡһֵƵ׳ϡ
ǲܻǮˡ˵ҵĴС㲻вòһͭ塣Ϊͷصΰںϰ޵֮ǰһ˿ûˡ⣬ֺαأ
ͻһת㿿αȻϥһ·ԼҳԲһڡ
Ҫ˳ϰҲҪ϶˷ʱ䡣͵԰Ұ˴ˣܲܽʡм
һǣЦˡ
Ļˡ
ϰˬ졣
гһգʱϣֵܻյһˬ졣
Ըܵܵˡ
ͺˣdȵֻʣһֻŵ׳
үôˣһԵ˵ôÿζƸү
һְ˰̶֣ﻺһڡ
ȥɡ־ͷأʱԵкβɣ
¿׳
׳һ飬͵ؿͷĿͷڶ׳綶ɸȱְָڵϣһˮӡ
үңҰһỹǮģһỹǮģġͶں˵˵ںҰү
һûпĵ
ϵ棬ֽŽˡ


64 
ͳŵΪ˵ĺ, ʲôҲûз
ĵʮգʺż㣬Ǽ仧, һж, һʱ͡
ʱ, ʹdȥݣû˵ȥʲô, Ҳûʡһ, һܵչİȫ
Ҫ, ȵʱͬ, ҹҪ˯ȵʹӸ˼һСŮ˯һݣԺﳨش̣ÿһ·˶ܿйŮûһ¡
µһֱûз׳ûֹһʧøɸɾ
һգȥͻ㣬˳ҲȥϲһЩ߹ʣϣȵͷж
ɩ˻͵ϵط߹㡣ȵ߹, ɩӿʲôģ
趹, 趹ص
סˣɩӷȥɡȵЦ
شӦ, ˷ֿ, ȥԵˡ
ص˺, ƹ½ķıشԿһۣϵĴֲڻɫ
𣬱ƹѻڹ̨ϣæемף
ס
ãԷһףȥȥæʵ߲
ãȻԷĶ
޵Ƕ¥ǴԷȥֱţˣͻľˡ
Ŷ
һãȻ߳á
Էôû˵ĵط
ֵ֣߽۳Ժ̵ֵӣһ߱Եչʾĥ֡ȥע⣬һѰźƹǶ޵¥
޵¥ʱû֣ͮͮǺ«ӵһ
ͣ½ŲС̯һɽǺ«һ߳ԣһ߼ѰĿꡣ
Ǻ«һ룬ҵһ޵¥ԷɷĴ־Ŀعڴϣܺ϶ϵųƮɫһ¾Ͷ
ػδ߽¥ŵһɴ̱ǵ֬
˸ۣסԱһܹͯ
Сѣܲܰһ£ذȥ͸ţҾͰ㣬òã
شӺɰͳöͭ
ͯһͭ۾ˣ˵ӦغԺ˴ԷյĴš
ͯŽż⣬ò˳šһ˯ĸͯĻת棬ֹһᣬһɴ£̴ŮӲҡҷ߳˴Է
ͯ˼䣬Ȼصķ˹
Ƭ̺Ůߵǰȴûǰ߽ͣ
վųԶѽ°ɡŮûأȴǶǺ«˵ġ
ظҪܣŮ̧ۿ˿ββƷΪ˲ٷ顣
Ҳ°ɣ
ֻŮӽе⽣Ůӽӹǰ磬˹
Թô
˵ûУ˵
ҴҹʲôûԹˣڶöۣҳ
˵ʲôֻÿ̵Ҩ⽣̵ش̵ͽһڽϸʮΡ
ףͿ÷ʱǹɽƵĸˡ
ȵôûһŮӺȻ
һ㶣ô
ŮԣЦһۡ
ӣʶȵʱ䣬ɱõöࡣ
⻰ԷɢغܴغʲôϵʱŮ¿ǽ˲֪ٿڵ⽣ĵˣʶΪҵĵﵱ깫
Ů̧ͷ¶ζЦݣ֪֪깫˼
ǺҲǿϷģô᲻֪깫ʲô˼
ŮӼɫȻЦˡ
֪Ҳãʡ͡
͵Ĺȥô˽⣬ô֪ܵܵĹȥأŮ˵ȵǰǹ깫׵
ԭ⻹һеļ⣡
ؼ֪Ů֮˵ʲôŮֻǲŲæسص˺þãһ⽣ٴοڵ
մޣҶҴⴺԷҿ˿ʮˡŮӵ
Ŀɿڴؿ㡭
Ǳʹһģ֪ڳԾʲô
ҽʮжˡԴԼޱߵ
㿴ֻʮꡭŵ
ڷģϵ̫ɲСֻһС⽣˲졣
ո˵ȵڴԷ¡ػû˵깫Ǹʣʲôʱ£
ǰʱѽɱһ
ɩӣʲô
һ˴Ļȵ΢Цվ̵⡣
һ飬Ȼض塣
ͻˡæŻվ
㵽ֵطͻô˽ºƹˡȵЦ̾Уɩһ˵ʱٵ
֪ˡ
ɩӳȥҰɣϾ
⡭
Ļ㱻ȵ˹ȥЦ˵ɡ
ؿлҪʹ˽˵ʶȤ֡
ȵЦſƮĲ⽵Ĵ
þò
ѽⲻȸܵ𡣡ſȵһ鸡վþòôҲ㣿
ҵǸ㣬𣿡
Ҫ˵ȵǰһһ󲽡
һĿ׻Ҳ˵ȥˣֻεЦš
ȵǰһֻʣ߾롣ﱻʵ·˲ЦýӲֿ־塣
ȸܵܣлú˵á
ǴӴԷģʲôȵЦ޽㣬㻹ǵݺݺ״𣿡
ɫ־ǹϵļЦ
޽㣬þò컹вȵҪôϲ̸ݺݺҾݺݺòã
Ҳ˵ˣ԰ƿȵҲƵĳ˴Է
̵ϰе㻹ûǮ
Աߵ̯Циȥ֣
һȺЦúζȵվһѲЦɫ
ߵԷſڣٴеĹ깫˵
ѻĽ깫ת߳ӡ
ؾӵĴµô߳һһ˶ȵʱ˷ͻ
ջ𣿡ʡ
ˡȵ
һʱԣĬĬؼҵķȥ·ƮŸĶҵʱغȻȵңȥ򼸸󡭡
dʹȥˡȵ
һ㶣漴˼Цˡ
ˡ
˵˴ȥŰѮʱ䣬ѾȥգӦÿˡȵ
ôԶȥʲô
رûõش𣬲ȵȴĻ
ǵظҶȥˡ
ʲôסˣʶʵȥôԶĵط裿
˵ֻоǲõĲ裬ɾԶ˵ҡݵ뾩ҲֺöҲࡣ˳˸ȥݵͬʱһǮ
ؾȵ˵
ôҲû뵽ͺȻȥݣȻΪ˸Ҷ
ͳȥݲǰ£ܹԼ׬ӣ˳ܵĲҶĲҶǻؼϺֻһڣ̲ס˳
ʲҶŻҳĿɬ㣬Ҳͽ޻ζԡ
ʱͿˣʲôҲû˵Ϊδϡ
ΪԼûзϡĲҶ֮߸󣬽Ժ
ֵúûкò裬ȻҪ
Ҵδ˵
ȵ㲻˵ڣ֪ʲô

Ϊһֱڿ㣬ֻɩ㲻֪ˡ
ʲôؾúϲ£졣
ȵȻʧЦΣһͷˮ
ٿڣ˵ȴˡ
ɩӣ㿴ߣһ˶ûС
Ѿϣ￲߶ũָ׳ӵס˵ߣʹũҲʲôҲ
ػĻߣȵ˵
Ҫɱ㣬˵˭֪


65 
ƼٵĻ￲, û˿ֻš
̧ۿһְۣ𱸵˵Ųᡣ
Ϊʲôȵʡ
㡣
ңҲң
̫һض˶, ˵, , ͵жϡ
е𣬻һͷˮ, ȵϾͶ˼
Ǵǰ, ڲһˡȵ˵, ֪ҵܡ
سԾؿ֪ʲôܣ
ȵ
Ƭ, ػعĻ
üº֪
˶֪
ʲôɱңʡ
ȵһʱû˵룺磬㲻˵ɩǴһ㶼
˵Ļģҵ깫ȵ˵㲻úһ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵бѡûȥֵط
ɱˣҲġȵ۾㲻𣿡
ԥƬ̣˵һ¡
ôû
Ϊšӭ, 峺, Ŀϡ㲻ɱ޹ɱˣҲһж, ɱɵɡ

ȵһ, Լ֪ſ촽ʱ, ѾԼҪ˵ʲô촽תǰȥ
ȵңȹ׷ȥ
ɩӣȵͻȻ˵һ㶼
ֹұͲ
ƨˣܵǰǰܻ
㿴𣿡ȵûᶫḧȱյĲôģ
ؿϵĺӣƬ̣ģ
Ǳġȵ˵ġ
ֱǰϺ޲ֻһ˫Ʊ
ɱǸ/Ů
ȵϵȱζɲѰżҲÿɰ̥һĶ·ѪܵӣողűŰһ
ҳڹ֮أ糾ﳼ֮Ů𱽫Ҹϳ¥Ĵˣʮʱͷءȵ˵ƽĮ޴ȥ¥ﰲ깫ĶҴǰϤ¡޷ǾǸһļ/Ů˲ˮϴˮˡ¥ŮԸͬʱӻǹȥֱ
ֱҽòʼ¥Ŀע⡣ȵͣƬֿ̣ڣ¥иļ/ŮݺݺײõĹھƺҶֶšߺҽеңңҡ
ĶüͷһǣȵΪ˵ıȴһƽ
ôϷŹҡ󡭡ҵڵϣϵļ
زȥȵȻ˵Ļû˿仯
ҵ⡣˵ʱʮꡣ
ô㣬ѵûֹ𣿣
ɩӣÿطйҲÿ˶һԸվȥֹȵ˵¥׬ǮƣĥҵʱҵĲҽԷûվ
һ˴ϣһٵѪ͸˵ɱġ

һ⣬һһٵٱʹ塣
أ̲ס׷ʡ
Ҫ׽ұ٣ǴҾ˴ӣҵΪʲôҪң˵ȵǰͶңԶĹȥ˵вҪĺݾǰӡ˵ȻҪͰɡ
ؿű˼ȵ밲οȴʲô˵
ȵصĹȥƮƮļ䰲οʵ΢
ȵŤͷصı飬ȻʧЦɩӣҶûѹôȦˣ
æͷȥûǱס۾
ɩӡȵŻл㡣
лʲô
л˴ӡлҵɩ㣬κˡ
ȵֱ׵ĻغӣӿȵҪ֪Ǽٳףô룿
߰ɣɩӡȵһɨǰ¶ʹǰ޶Цݣ˵Ǹϻؼҵʱ򣬴Ҳء
תƻĻ˳˵ЩصĻһţǡôһʻ
ţɲµϺɫнȵһլԺ
ظ˵زãҲֻһ£ôҲû뵽Ϻ˵˰죬ľȻܼҵСԺ
˼ң㵽ȥʲôͶ˵𣿡̲סʵ
ϺٺЦһ㣺ԺӣҪȥ
ؾǡ
ܼԺˣ˭ģɩ֪׳ĸҲͬ
ʲôϺ¶ɫ
̫ˡػδڣȵЦϺ˹֣ЦλɩӣҴסɸڵԺءģԺҪźá
ȷʵ̫ˣϺϲҺӳէزģҪǡҰ󣬾ʹżݷǣϣǲҪţ
ţĸԣ׷׳ųµغȵͶĿ⡣
ɿˣףȻסȵЦԺˣԭһֱϧҾһӦȫɸɾģ˲Ǯɣ
ֲ֣࣬࣡ѵ¶ʵЦݣ˼ų֣۸񲻸ߣʮͷУУ۸ͺܱˣ
ȵЦ˵㻹ײ˴ˣһ˿ûôõĻᡣ
ǰͿһӣԼĵضˡϺ
ȵֺ˼䣬ţ³ˡ
ھҲãʡɩһڼʱܲġȵ˵
磺ǡɩӻˡ
ɩɷжӡɩӲģ˵ӣʼҪԼġȵ˵οⶼôˣɩӻû˵뿪ˣҲء
ϣ˰ɡ
˻صԺӣظƿԺӣʮʹ
߿ػˣأءϽ
ľϲȻ˱ԹͲٻ첽ݡ
͡
δ䣬ͱſڴϵһ
ͳ/Ҳιǵλһ糤ĵˣd޴վڴߣһɫɴű߻һջľɴ˸ҩȾɫа߲ĺɫѪ
أֱŵģһҩû˵
ôˣ
ػعǿָŷ˫ȿ͡ߵԣɲ˺ۣҲ
ôˡ
ޣޣӽޡһͷӣҧгݵٿޣˣ
˳ӣҧ촽ƻۿˮ
ҩɴȥɡ
dذɴְѷڴͷһ򿪵Ĺͷָҩ
d뿪֧Ųס˫ȣڴ
˵ļιǣŬѲܿӿۿ
ôģʡ
µʱһ£û¶С˰ˡſ˵ҸϺ衭˵ڹﳣȵ֣ҷݵˣ㿴ûУ
˵ã⻰һصҲ̲סˡ
ôôɵ
̲סһ¡ϵƽյʮ֮һûС
˲ۿӿᣬſǻûȥ껨裬ôԶȥʲôԼˣΪһҶֵô
˭˵ȥרҶģأԲȥݰ£·跻˳һҲ˵ϺʱǺõ˵𣿡
ҡҲǷǺȲɣ
ӴԶҲȣתͷɷؿÿҶɾ˲У
̬ʮֲã޶Ķԡ
һ㶼²
dܺãȵܺãٳ׺󣬶Ҳܺáû˶ôù
õ֪𣬺õʼ֪롣
أˣӵ˿ȥˡӸļް
͵ĸ¸ҽдصĶƸС
֪ˣڣ˿ڶҪѿˣװһ¡
ӣظͿҩ
֪ΪΣȵĻ
̲͡סл㡣
лʲôŤͷüһǷ顣
л˵ҳˣ㡣


66 
ڶһ, ǿֵÿˡ
Ҷ˵˲ãáĹͺˣʲô, ƾʲôѼӴͷӣ
ſڣͻڴ, Ӳ˴á
С, Ϸöңƴ򴵺ӵ۵
ذѲ鲻ԸͰڿǰ, ƴǸ, Ϲ˵, 㿴ϵ˰ɡ
, ֻƴһҩСѧͽһڰյҩ΢Ĵ»ת
ƴߵûѣϷأ
˵Ĳáüϸߡ
ر죬Ȼ
У, ˰ɣ
ͻƨƵطɿ¡
ƴս۴󱳵˿, ָᰴ˰Χ𣿡
㰴˿, ˵۲ۣ졣
ôлˡƴת˿ǰ¡
𣿡صĵ
㿴ӣõ𣿡ƴ˵, ๫Ҫǧࡣ
ͺƥǻ
, 㻹֪ˡƴȵ, ˵ʼϰ, ѧ˵㶫

͸һ, ͱذסλ
򡪡صǵ˶òܺã
գѮһѮƴһúõİŽҶƬ̺дҩһдһ߸˵ͰҲˣôʱպ˸ɼأ
ͷɿƳһԵһۣвʲôʱոɼˣ
ʲôʱ򣿡ƴͷдҩ̧ͷЦؿһۣʮʱϷÿһҩ඼Բˣ
ڽdˡ
ĸ֣
ddæ˵
ƴͷдҩֺãһͲִȡóġ
˵˭Ǵءٴ
һΰ˰˻ȥ
ڼιǣʱǲǲҪػȽϺã
ʲôػǶִ򡭡ƴ̧ͷɷĿ⡣
ƴһʱ㻹ǰѴĻødɡ
ԽԽԻƴǰ˵գѮһѮͺˣô˵ˣ붬أʱ͵Ҳ˰
ƴҩѧͽȥҩΪ͸ϵɴ˿Ϳ˺һҩ
Ȣӵˣڵ㣬Сûˣƴͱϲزһ¡
ӣӻñӶá˵
ƴһ˴ӣаҪܻʱ򣬼ǵչ⡣
򣬶лˡһǮʡ
ƴ˸ɱ찡һɴһ޳ҩ࣬㡪
¸˵꣬ذƳôš
춹ġز˼ЦţͳɰӽҩǮ
춹ģƴɵؿأ˭𣿡
ﲻȴûз
ֲܽսϣתȴĸ¼һˣֻܽͶĬĬǡ
תʵƴˣƽҪЩʲôźã
ٽҪժˣƴʧɫ
زģ׷ʣƴ˵ò˲ΣҪһͺˡСĸΪ
һ㶡
ôˣƴ¶⡣
ûûʲô
شóʱվſڣֹұ߼򣺡ͷǲǹġˡ
߰ɡ˵ȥֻСĸȥ
ԼˣͲֵļȥǰճԵʲôôˣǲӲڣֲԷˣ
˼յһ⡣
Էûݣأ
˵ʷһƼ֮󷴶˵Ĺ
ҪǱ֪һ˵ûġ
ģͲġÿγԷʱ˫۽𾦾ζϣٳһڣͺ޲һ롣
ܶ⣬඼ڹ⼸ճʲôʲôʲôҲ˵ԼŪҵǼһҲ֪ѹûС
Ҳò˵ԭ򣬿Լһ䡰˳ͻʹȥˡҲʡ
⣬һһ硣
˵˼ϣѾɢˣеļѼ̯ûСĸΨһһҾ¥ҲʹˣֻĸûСĸ
زüͷȻΪִСĸ˵ҪСĸЩˡ
ˡʧ
صҺػСĸ
ԺⲽĿⲻ˷ཱུļƨϡ
У͵ҡͷôܴأ
ǡ
Ҫһͺˡ
شķƨɡ
ƨɣַԲһ̲
ôأ
СĸΪ
ؿˡ
ƨ˰ƨˣôǸأ
Ժв⣬һ˵
Ҳһˣô¹伦
һ˵
ҲĸˣˣôֻҲ᲻ϣ
һͬ˵
ʯĳ
˼룬еƽ͡
СĸȻȥȥ򣬿һ֤УϲһֻСĸ
һԸΪ׵ˣôһֻСĸ֮
鱾ΪµͲ壬ڲõʱ
أ㻹ԥʲô
ݺԼͿ㣡
ҧҧȻ飬˫һδعܽ˳
Ϊ˲Եʣֻæȵ
ȵ𼱻ǵģһ㶣ɩӣôˣ
ú̫ʹ࣡
ɩ
ؿŰȵܳ˳

㡣
ͺһ뼦췢鲻Խĸ̾
Լľǲһ⼦ʵζҲŨࡣȵų޵
óԡóԡdżݷ
ɩӽûʲôˡȵ˵ûϵ𣿡
ɩңʲôöšͰڰͷϴγռҲǣ᲻óԣȫǡûոտҨģȦˣ
һпǻҵأҶֱ۶ۻˡ
ϲ磬صƿɩȫϵˣȵЦе
ٺ˵˵˵ȴôѹ
ùʳͰʰ񽻸ȵԼ߽ݿء
ϣڴһһ֪͵͵ޱӡ
Σ뵽Լޣƽյ䳰ȷҲ˵ˡ
ߣصĺ˵ƽιιòǼҲ߲ĵļҪóࡣ
˫ӿ
жģͼ
ͲɷʡԼƽǷĿ϶̫٣Ȼôһ䣬̲סжأ
ְο˼䣬ػǲԲſһĴ塣
ãһǱϵŻˡһңǰһֱڹźˣлῴôѪȵĻ档һʱزҲǿġ
ףΪԼŻд˷Ӧ
οΪж¥ͷ棬ƨֽ֮ĳŵڰغͣᡣ
߳ݣȵհӲ꣬״ʵɩˣ
ɩ
ҡҡͷ̾˿̫үƵرԺȥ
ͷҲأֻĴ
Ұ


67 
ݵʱ, ذļëʬռ˺ԺĽ䣬ְһζû˯ļѸȥ
ԱһľƬ, ˳Ĺ
ǰŵģĿȴ
Բ, µһ, ȫʬû¡
ĬĬĨ, ʱʱ̾һ, Ϊ޳¡
˴, ֱ˼ʹݴĲ
һֽ, Ѿŵ껨跢㡣ԭӲϴ˫֣ڷǰСؽ⿪ֽ
ĿƴССŲһ𣬲ɫ, һĵĲ˱Ƕ
˯ѵʹ˳, ˯һ
ȵȣ
ؽŵĴ͵֡
ôˣ
ûе, ҲûĲյһصڻܺȡ
һһէӸļް, ݲ費һһˮ𣿻Ҫʲôߣ
ͨĲ裬ȻˮͨյУô, ıü
̹̹˵ġ

ţ١
°ֽ, ˵, õҴչ߲ܺȡ
ȥĶգ
ȥϿ
㡣˵
ȥϼ, ؾϸѡ̣Ŵһƹ׷һʮĳԽҤĺԵߡ
˳ײߣϧͿպɰмҵס
ȥ·ϣ˵㣬Ǯ
УһڻؾҪǸҰǮңҾҲһϽˣ
⻰ЩɣػѳڲʶͲδע⵽⺢ͯƵв
⼸ƶȻҲҪӡĶˡһı顣
㲻ذֵظֽµֵĽҤߣûкò䣬òҲȻʧɫ
ͺԥƨҶǸҶôΪ߾Ͳһ
úƽϣһۣ˵Ҳ
ֻ㶮ͷ༥ӱǶһףֻŵõǲһĲ㡣
㡢㡪
̲סһ¡
ôôᣡ
õľ󣬿ʱҵˡ
ƭңߵ
ûƭ㣬Ĵ˿ˡպþʹ˿ϡһʹࡣ
ҲŲ㣡
ġ㿴˿ûѿ
Ҫôغɵ
㿴ɴûȾ졣
ɴ·桭
ϣҪѧͨɴ·棬㲻⿪
һƴϣǺå
תҵķȥ
ͿǰŭӰ糺Ķ߲һ΢Ц˫ȣɵظĽŲ
ϣȵҡ㲻Ҫļ˲ˣ
ǽҤߣ
תͷܻ˵
֪ˣҤҤߵߣСҵҪ⽨ҤߣݳʲôϺ
껨裡
УУ껨껨衭
صҺȲϴ˲ߣ±ãŪĽҤߣûмˣ԰ײϴøɸɾϸĵزÿһˮ顣
Щµʱϸĵȵò뽫һö껨Ųĩ
ǳ²裬ôҪһ¯˿Ḷ́ǽ²裬ȥζ˿һͿˡ²˵
Ժˣȵͷ裬үƵ̱dִ˲ƣŪŹϵһֻţ֦̽Ĵ롣
˵˰ĹؼȵżòԵظ⣬˺޹ġȵóҲԵ貢Ȥ˵˰˵įֻñ졣
ȵѲĩ׼úϴ˫֣¯ڷǰûȻͬ
ֵܱͬѰļƻöû˿ڴƼĬdҲһ̬ǳ
κȵѹ
ɩ
dٺЦ񣬻
ͲΪĶݲ裬Ǳ˸ݲ衭ڴϵűź񡪡
d˵
ڻᷢɢˡοıdɵЦ
Ա˵ʲôһҶ
кòĻ᲻࣬ôΪƨ˷ôõĻأ
ޣרעϸؽĩɸΣȲĩɸϸˣԱߵĲյҲºˣ¯ϵˮҲˡ
ؽɸõĲĩɸȵĺԲյעպöеˮִһѲڣϻϸܵĭġ
ʹͷ­󾱽ѻĽë岨ۣͶһƬǳǳӰϵĶȰ˿
ǰԺϦݵżŨīزʵŮ˫磬ë׵ķ˿ĳޣŲָ⣬УϦ﷢Ź⡣
ϣ̬ɢȴʼսϡ
ѩһɫĭڲγɣͬһĲªӣ֮ƢĽ䡣
ؽյƳ˸Խӹdﵹȥһ̣
ˣ
̲סЦЩȡ
һЦ߹ɢ
ͺȵ̶յҲǰĲյ
ƷһڣΥĺòºÿë׶ſˣ޲ó/һ
˾Ψкʫſ䡣
֮ſ
ϬպԵƸ˯δӲǹ
ʫ˱ǣҶǻֻ㡣
Ҷǻֻ㡪ǺʫȵڵǺ
ǳիص
Сɲ¶ǣͷдģ
ǣؾϲ
ȵЦǰ̹һס
Ϳ˵Цһһüͷѹȥ
죬ûⱭϺȵʲôͬζŲǮһĲҶ̫
ȡɤӡ
˶˹
ͳƬ̣˫Ŀյв
裬׻һСձ
رɫͣ侲һ¡
ͳţ
˵úȣŹƨһ
أ
ˣУ
ӷɽԽ룬
Ҫ
һײʫ꣬ͳĬΣҲĬ˰Ρ
ڣ̧ͷݽӲأ
ոս侲ʲô
ûûʲô
ҵֽ˵뿪˷һᣬֽ˻һʣʲôѱīֽⶼƸأֺÿд
дʲôػֵ̿
еһ˿ϣͲ̴ơ
Ҳ˵дҸոʫˣ١
ˣˡæ˵
дɡ͵ͷʫͽСƷϺ衷˵Σ
Ǻǡ
ɵЦʲôûǲãü
ظЦͦá
һ˿д¡Ʒ껨衷֡
㻹ǵҵġ㡷һд¡²ҿЩʫ˶ԼʫԺҶдףҲһʫ
Ż磬Ϊˣֻһʫ˵ʧȵкãʵ͸óʮ˱ģҪʷźã
ѻ˵ôˣҲǳЦ𣿡˵
˼ǡ
ʷе࣬پһЩ
ʱضʷȵ
غһ


68 
͵Ĵдֽ, һİ
̫ͣүȥһˣ
ߵǰԺ⺰˵ʲôû
˻صû, ʦүĻ߰, ̫үȼûùӳԣ
ͻͷ￴, ȵ磬һȥɡ
ãڼĿأҵʫҪ, 
˵˾ˣæ
أǡ㡷ǡƷ껨衷˭ˣ
͸, ˿, ۾Ĵ֪ⶫô졣
յ͵ķķķ, ķ, ۾
˼룬ʫؽ˳װӵ̳
Ӧôһ
ͰʱֲߣֱҹĻ, ̤ǹص
ȵȵʱӦdһ, ſϺ˯, 졣
磬ˣȵ
ݿҲÿ˳
ͻˣ
һƨݵķǰ, һֽŵĶŵϡ
̫үҳֵ, ҴһЩ, ȵģǳ
֣dֽһץ
žһֱϣdίͰ͵ջ֡
ȥϴ֣˵
dıӰֹ
ٴγüȥ˵˶ٴˣҲеģ
ûһᣬϴֻˣͽ⿪ֽʾһ顣
ƴСصһ𣬽ƵƤϵ׺ǵĺ֥飬֥һ𣬴̼ظвѡ
һ֣ӲӵƤĶֽϣǼ֥飬һĽɫСꡣ
ù֮dȲ˵ڶ飬ȵŲֱʾ⣬˵顣
˵Ŀֱ
СƸսֱڱҧһڡ
ݸֱƤɳɳϡ͵Ľ㣬֥Ũҵһǻǡôкֱ壬سһһڣֱ֪ʧߡ
Ϊˣֱִղܣdͣģֽģһ޲һڳԹֱӡ
磬̫үôȥʲôȵʡ
ȥһˡ˵ֲ꣬ʦүҲȥǾϡ
ȥʲôȵ׷ʡ
ӣ֪ϳͬڶʹˡ˵
˵ޣϵغȵȴ϶ˡ
֪뱳Ȩα۵ĴɣͶбƿһĳڶʹټϽΧڵ֪أΪ¡
ˣȴװûΪһŮö̫ࡣ
סӵͷʣµİֱͽ
ȵô˵ڶʹҲʼˡ
ٴδdһֱֱֽ֣תֵݸոճֱء
Ӣڶʹ½ڶʹǶסˡ˵
ؿ˿dı飬ҡͷҳԲˣdɡ
ƽүϳԵùˣͲɷ˵һֱŽ
룬ֱ룬дһ룬ݸd
d˫۷ؽӹҪȻʲôͣأŤŤص
лл
ز¶Цա
ȵ˿dֿ˿أ˵ɩӽһף޹ĸ£ͽ̻˶궼û̻¡
dܴؿdЦֻҪĺ׵ġ
Ҵءd
ȥأҪòܻתͷһԵ͡
գʮ¡˵̫ү£Ҳ׼
ţԶ𣿡
ص⸦һڣ;⡣
һվСص꣬ҾȥһţأɩĽ
û뵽ô˵һϲ˵ú޲ھ͸硣
ͣ࡭
лֻûȫڣϴ˵Ļ
ϲ˵лл
ʲô˵
һ㣡Цտİֱݵǰ
ͿЦƺﲨԵЦ⣬ҪһֱһܳԵĲںˡ
ֱʳôû뵽أ
dռȥ˱ˣȻɵɵ
ӹֱٴ˻һ۾Բأ
һһ롣
һֱԹdֱֽҲûŹȫ
ʱ֣ȵd˻뿪ңشӺԺԡϴڴߣǱʫۿ
Ѿʶˣʫ⣬ֻʷһ黹ҪʱʱͶ
Ȿ·Ͽ˵
زΪð
ҵʫأ
ƽúղˣֽܸʴ
մȥװˡ
𡪡
زҧסԼͷ
ôˣ̧ۿ¶һĨɫ
ؼǣɿ㲻Ҫд˱ʮʫÿһ׶װװѷѶǶٰ
ԣɫأ
˵еǻˡҶˣòװѡ
룬ҲԺˣǱȵģҲ
ʹװʫͷ󣬳ȥϴˣڴϣԺﴫĻˮƤԽգԽ
˯ŵʱ򣬴һˮϴ˯
⼦ëӣӣֵڴϵ˯ˣͲܰ´𣿡
УæֻסëӣΪܿ˵ĵߵֻԽ磬ǲŻѵ㣡Ȼôûѵң
Ĳ˵Ƥ񡣡
𾪵ؿһ˿˯Ҳˡ
ڴŲŲҵƣƣ泯죬˲棬صֻϳصͷϣһĸ첲Ƶġ
Щȣڵط˼Ů֮ƨˡ
Ѿ׬ǮˣҪվȥٶһŴ
ɴˣҪĶأ
ٳ׵ʱӦʹֻ֪´һ֪ǼŴ˶֪Ƿִ˯
˵ͻңִŶ´ܾЩ˵ȥ
һᣬ˯ȴ
͡˵
һǻġš
Ҳû˯˿˵ȥأ˰ɣ
ᡣҲ˵
֮ǰҲ˵ᣬ㻹ˡ
Լûһ˿ί
Ҳ֪˿̵֧ͷɣЦĿĺϡ
Ƥʲôˡ赭дҲµġΪ㣬Ҳ¡
⻰ֵֹģֻǼٳףʱ˵Ļķޡ
زԵ飬ʶż˵ܻԭѣټûж飬żвҲ֮УϸϽƽϡ
СҪչ˺ԼҪˡ
С
Ϊʲôû뵽ô򵥵ҪҲᱻܾʶתͷ
Ŀԣмֻڵļëӣƺ
ΪҪչ㣬չ˲ˡ˵㲻չ𣿡
ҡҪôչ㡭زɽˡ
ӭǰ˫ߵںز֪Ϊ
͵Ŀɣɡ
ϡ⣬ԼĿתؿأ㡪ԸôչңԸչ˵̶ֳȣԸչҶá
¶ãȻı顣
ס˫аӡ
룬кܶʱ𰸡


69 
򣡴򰡣ү, ѵӣ˵ʹ𣿡
Ⱥ֮һЦΧĽ¹Ӻ, ̵ǰִ
׵׳ŻһѪһǷ֮ˤڵء¹, ʮǷ, ׳ججڵϣһ
˰ɣΧһ˵
¹¶飬ɫҲ£Ըģ
ɰͳһָ׸ǴСӣӵϺתҡȥ
׳ͳѪ۾, , ΧĳЦ, ĵطò˫ֽʰġ
˴Ļ, ϲԾ¶Ц⡪ǶԵõӵϲ, ǶܹǮϲá
׳ҡҡλ˾ͽĶǶСС˸, Ĵ
ģһСǮģү, Ǯʮöͭһȭ, һӰ㿪ģүǣѰ𣿡
ķ¥վΧǰۿ¥־硣
һ̶ĺһ, һǴµ, , ķ֣ƫһϸǱƽĴϡ
үķ˲ŲٰЦЦ
ү̧ˣͷؾôȵϻүڵ˽ܵأһЦ
˽ܵ飬ĳҲûְ취Ǯˡƽ˵
ǿҵˣүȻ棬Ҿͽ˵
һյ׳˻ƽǰһְе̶߿˿ģλĻүʲôʹʲô𣿡
׳Ѫδɣ¶ֺõЦݣæصСףס
ү˵ǿˣǿʲô˼ƽʡ
׳ϸɺԵѪЦΪǷ˺үһǮֻð°뱲Ӷķ
ƽվô׬Ǯ
Ҳȫ׳ЦЦݱùŹ֡
㻹׬Ǯӣ
ÿ˷йķһִֻһ֡үԷһξء׳ڰڵ
Էһ֪ʲôģ仰˼ȻԶ
ƽٿ׳һĨ
һʱֵȥɡ
׳һһҼ׳׳ͼֽŽֻ֫Ťͷƽķе
үүһһ
ʲôƽۡ
һּ״ٴλ˻֣׳ɿ׳˵һߡ
׳ǱãֺЦݣе
ү˻һ˭Ҷܴ׬ӡүҲ⡣
ƽɫЦ˵ĳҲƨɣ
Ҳ˼׳æҡͷүʲôţôܿˡһүصĴֻз״죬/ϸļ˲˻үۡ
ƽһֱڹ۲Ӧ׳ȴ
үŲţҲ׬үӡ
ô˵
Ƿ˺үһǮɺүĳһֻҵֽŽڶĳ°ˡԺү˵ҾǼһҳݡɶ˵ҵȴ޼֮ҴӺү޼֮ɲ׬𣿡
׳֪ܵĻûƽ㳰Ц׳ͷĶһɫӷϥֺõؿŻƽ㣺
үֵ׳꣬ҵгɣмλ˰ɣ
ƽ¶Цݣ˵һĵ˵ֹλǻүȢĵʮ߷С檻ŵġ
ʧʧ׳Žеү޸ʮۣʮ߷檣¶ǧɫ˰ɣ
ƽ㴹ǣݳ˵үļ£ôʲôӻ̫ã
ءҾǣϵĵһˡ
ƽ̧ƤԴ
ˣȥɡүǼǰ¡һֺȻڣ׳Ļ
ѻ˵ꡣƽͷĵһˣĳѾáͷأһĿľΪ˼λ﷼һ棬ʲôħý֪֮Ϊ跹˼
ү׳һʲôʱϻˣͷĵһͲˣ
бˣ
һִۣĬĬһ̶³ס顣
иعӴòȣ˦ϵҰʮǧүҿ˵Ǵӹӳģ֪ͨɣֻϧ
ϧʲôƽ׷ʡ
ֻϧˡӹӳǡñһƦåˡ֪ͼ޸ӡϧϧ׳ҡͷúõһʻţϣ׳ⱲӾûôɫĹ˵ǹҲţ
ﵱ˵ôòƽкɡ
үƭ˭Ҳƭ׳ԥͷ
ȥһֿڡ
׳֣׳ɫš
ȵȡƽ˵
һֵ³ͣ¡
ү˵Ŀģƽתͷֱߵĺһ֡
һһԵͷӹе̶ϵĲյһڣڵȷʵôһλɷ򣬲Ǽ򵥵ĵƦå
ƽ㳶˳ǣǲм⻰ô˵
ͣıһΪͷһԣ̫үۣҲһͷһƦåԸ
үƽЦЦͣϵܺã
㲻Ϻáͬһల¶ѡ
ôﻰⶼأֻΪͬ磿ƽ㲻мٵͷ̫үۣҲֻ̫үһˡǶ˵ģ˭ͬǹҲˣҪָߵ͵ġ
ǣү˵һϲŭ磬ϲյ
֪ݣֵ²֪ͷ̫үˣĳǶֵµĹƽЦǺˣĳ⡣Ҫͷشˣȥ֪˵ûүĶķкѣ
ˣĳҽߣʼ仰ٰ֮үûɣƽ
׳ԣϲصؿʼͷлүлүСһ֪޲ԣ޲
һֳĬ
ƽӷĳĳ䣬ƤЦⲻЦߡ
׳ײײȲϻƽĽŲһ뿪󣬺һֵĸǰǵүҪ֪ͨ𣿡
ȥĶ֪ͨһ֣ӹ̶ں󣬻˵ǰһ͸̫үȥˣƽҪʲôͻƻ˶ˡ
ǡ
ʲôһֵסº޹ء
ĸɫأӦ
һֿỊ̇૵御ʣµģͿ͵ˡ
ůӭͷ£Ժӹ硣
ɫȹŮУȻס
յģ״ȴоһɺ
Ե
ͷ޽̿𣿡ֹ
رժµĽɫ𻨣һ֪߽ܡ
ʵķ϶֮Уһֻǵ̰


70 
, ´㣡
±ζСˣ̤˳¼ǾƷ
֦չľʩʩȻſڣű, Ҫ̫ã̫ūҾˡūҿɲȱˡ
ﻹԹθ˰ѮЦ
, һҪͻ㡣ʱ, һ㡣
ﱧԼֱ, ʺ̻ȹ϶ѳһƬѩɽһ
๫Ҳڼңȥʲôū, ˵İ顭ĵ, ˣūԽį, ٲңұҪįˡ
ÿεŰݷãﶼóþƺòд, ȻȾ, ±ë±֮Ķ˲, Ҿ׵İҲζˡ
׻˵ֶ̣Цŵվ, ת˵
С, ڶǵһӱһɳͷ, ְŵ, ̤˻ؼҵĵ·
ԭһж, ھһϡĽֵʱȻŲûӦڵĴ󺺾ͰΧ
ãȻؿЩİףһ˿š
һʮִµ˳ַ֣ǰĴָһİָһ֪ǸӹŲɷЦĴˡ
һ˫´أǹһĨаЦ⡣
Сӱţĳҽܡ
Ҳ
رܿ˲ʵߣҪƹ뿪ǿ׳Ĵվ˳뿪·˸ʵʵ
Գƻĳ˶Դ΢Цҽлƽ㣬ʿͷңҲҪһү
ؼҸʶ㣡
ްĳʶ͹ˡƽԹԵؼ˵ĳ֪£бĶլԺʮСҪǸңĳ֤ĺġ
ĿĶɳӱϣָ
ٲ˵Ķ
Ѿˣ
кηƽЦĳҲ檣ȢѼޣⲻô
㡪
Ǻ˫ֲҵӱͶɳڰת
ҡ
ƽյ˵һҡ֣Ϯɫͻ䣬һǰˤ˸׼Ĺʺ
ΧȦת˲ͱ˺˿ӣdһץסһ׳ϵٵգ˳ȥ
ҽڿ߳ߵ׳ת۾ͷ˳ȥٺһҽ˵
ȵվǰЦеصλүеϵ˰ɣ
ʲôҽӵ飿ƽۣΣյشͻȻðˡ֪˭𣿡
ĸ¶ۼߣӳȥǸһһ˵ظ˻ˤƵĶͷһѪ
֪ող֪ġȵЦˡ
ƽһ˱ŭոǰͱƽ
ƽ㿴ǰˣȻǾ͵ܣĿҪڶŭĿӵdϣǸޱȵɵӣ
ɵӣ
غdͬŭͬ
͸ʲôҸ˫ĺôƽ㿴d°ɡ
d
ǣеƢĳϲƢˡƽЦߴϻˣĳʱ򣬻ĳϲ
үԵ˵
ƽֹ̧֮Ļ
ߡƽתߣ
ߵƬ̺󣬸Ͻ׷˻ƽĽŲ
һȺڣ벻ô׾ͳˡػԭأȵѾӹӱͶɳɩӣȥɡ
콵£¶ɻɫȵ͵ʵɩÿγţҺͶ綼ں档
Ϊʲôؾȵ
絣һ˳ΣգòڣֻǰбԭΪ죬û뵽ͷ
dŨüͷģ
ȻͷģŮˣ
˵Ǿ仰ƺưոݡصǵ
ɩӲصģҺͶ⼸ջ粽رɩӡȵο
dҲظ˵ҿԣظͣĿƵȵӱϣӱҳԡ
ˣһ仰תġȵ˵ֻгӱſϱɩӡ
㡪düë״
˻ң磬ȵdȴ˿Ӱ졣
dͲ˵ˣȵҲûа·ϡ
ʱʱʹݳվһۣһȵ״Цɩӣȥ˯ɣҺͶء
˯šһŮͯ۾˳
Ǹ°ǻ˼СŮѾȵ±ţ˹dԺ̵ʱѾ˯
һȥ˯ȥ˯ɣˡѾļο䣬°ƽݡ
ߵԺȵ˵ŵúܣܾҪ
dѾڵϺ˯ˣǴġȵһţһûôˡ
ȵŵʱ䣬ѵˣǿĻվͻȴһжӭж⡣
Ҳֻˡص
еȻڣҲףʱ˿̣˾ͻҲûİ취
٣
˵Ѿ˹ã˴˿Ҳءıš
ұ˰æ
ס°ھӣϺһˣǸ棬ﲻǣΣա
ػصݣɻشȴ˯⣬ѾѾ׹磬װûаѡ
ͷϵĽ·صͰѽա
ͣûôˡȵ˵ҲĪΣֻҪͻˣһжӭж⡭
Ժ䣬رһ쳳ѡ˯òȣ͵ؾѹʶŽ塣
ܵݣ𾪵ؿŶȼܻ⣡̱ǵĲζǹԺĹ㣬ȼŵľ鲻Ϸɹʣ䵽Ժݶϣ䵽ؽǰ
ô£ػŵ
ӣdĵ̱ȭͷߵҪǣ
ȵ䵽µǻɫصǳȥ
Ͳȥdöš
չ⣬㲻ȥҲҪȥˡȵ˵
ɫĻⲻȵϰݵӰҲһӰ
ŵľϱ˴ӽеڵϣе䵽ݶϡؽǵؿͷǰøϴʱݵݶҲһ뻻Ƭߵʱκβǡ
ȵ˵չ⣬ǾʧȥһߣȥҲȥˡ
㣬ôˣݴѾΰѵ
һҪչ˵Ĵ
첽߻ݣڴرߵѾ򶨵л£һʹҪҵᣬԼӻؼң𣿡
Ѿ¶ص˵ͷأ
ذѻֺ̿ͻҲĵףѾõģ㲻µġ
˰ɣ
ԺһȻ
ƽ㱳վԺ⣬ԳеӣԱ󣬴ӵʮ߷Сĸ
ټʱĶʮصƦһ˷ܣȥѲӵ׳ʮ˽ԺΧ˸ˮйͨ
ƽվȼյǰЦ
Ҹһʱ俼ǡ
أǲ


71 
ɩӡ
ȵ˽
վ, ؿ
һd·ҴͻΧҪǵܵʲô֮, ɩӺ
Ѿôأʡ
ȵһ׸ÿԲһͯڸƽĿǣѲڵġ
Ҳô˷, ԴѾ˳, ׸
ѾССͱܶ, Ҳ޲֣ʮض׸ﲻ
ذٺѾ, һʯͷѽ, ǹ첻µزµҲġ侲
, ץϵı
ɩʲôȵ˽
ƽҪ⣬Ժ϶Ƿ֮, ǿdӺԺͻΧ, һΪӺͻΧ֧ԮǰŵķһǾͿɴǰ뿪ֱϡһ, ȵȵɫҡô, ֪ɲС
, ̫ˡɩǶǡȵ˵
Ҳûôˡ
, Ӻáȵ˵ΪҪӺԺͻΧʵǵĿȴǰšͻΧǲȥϣǻһѡ񡣡
ʲôѡ񣿡
ܱ̫࣬ӦУ米ˮһսȻѡǰͻΧǺβ˳Юֻƽʣ
һļϣȵذѱӹΣϸ֫Ͳէȥӱ档
ȵd󣬰αı
d˵
ȵתߡ
еߣ㡭ػû˵꣬ͼȵȥһѳͷ˹
dסݡ
زֵҪʲôһͷˮ׷
dȵһѳͷڹ
ǡؾȵ
ûһᣬɻ͵õ˽
Ŀɿڴؿֵϳһľ䣬õ˴ڶ൶ǹᳵ·ѡԵ
һʱ䣬֪óԾڼС⣬ǳԾǰ׼͡
סĵطʲô̶ѨˣȻ׼˳֣
ȵһѷذײϣd׳һ߰˴糤Ĵػ£
ż˵ǸͷǸͷĿ·Ҳθ
׼𣿡ȵ˵Ŀ⿴ء
ؽŵص˵ͷ
ɩӣȱۡ
زԣۡ
Ƭ̺ȵˡ
ۣȵɳһԵdɳһֹһߴﳶϵһɳ
ȵ֣ɳdɳһأס
߰ɡ
ȼյ⣬θ죬ʱƴصƦľ˴ҡҡ׹ʣͷүʶ͸ˣֱƵˡ
ƽĸߣЩ£вſŻǸɴţͷϴһƲñں֮Χ
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ƽ˵ҹĻֻȼյĻ
ǽ
ӦҪǽԺȻүǴӺˣ
Χסˣƽ
ԭΧǰŵȥƽƶһӰȼյź˳ƽо𣺡мˣ˶
⻰˵óˣȵѾƽҲǳڵѪˣʤһȵٶ̫죬ƽ㻹Ӧȵһѱذ׽Ĳӡ
˳ߡȵ
ƽɫѿô֪Źġ
㱳ǻʵ϶ΣȵοֻһСС֪ĹӶ£㣿
㡪
ȵذƽһ磬һѪ߳ڻƽĲϡ
ǳơȵ˵
ƽҧأƬ̺󣬸ոտڣһеӺԺ
үɣ
׳һ/˳һ˹ֺúͿϲǿ˻үȻǺøɾûˣ
ʺһϣd챻Ƶһ
dױ
սĿ׶Ϣ⿴ȥ
˵Ŀ⼯׳ϣעĿҫǻүԶ/ҷǼͿŶҩҪǸҲˣֿɾڽˣ˴
׳һߺȣ׳d˳˥ֱϻһ֧/촽ɫſµɫЮֻƽȵһµĺͯ૵Ϊұϣ͡һ¡
ʧᷳȵһ
ذ׸ƤµĶɫˣóҩûˡ
ɿңȻҩƽ
ûкء
ƽЦǸ磬ѵͲˣ
رΪȻңȵĻشȴ󱳵ۡ
ȵĵмѹһɴĿѪȾ˷źذס
ƽɫ䡣
ȵޱ飬Ǿԣ˭в˭
㲻Ҫˣ׳֮æĿڣ㲻Ҫɵˣ
dѾվˡ
һһֱۣǿվڵϡǰĿѻɢ׳Ļʶ¡
ûˣҲʲôϵȵ˵㣬󣬾˭Լң⵨ɫģ
áƽЦǾǿ˭ǰͷ
ã뽩֡
ҲתصȲȥˣdҲȲȥˡ
ƽʱ׳˫ţϥֻһͿ˵棬һ˫ϵ۾ɢ
ز˽ƽ㣬֪ϵЦǷֻǿװ򶨣˽ȵ֪ȵϵɫģĿdȡʤ
dǰϲ˶ûȵ֪ԭˡ
ɵûһɵӿ͸
ȵ߳ҡҡ׹Ľ飬ҩ
ɩӡ
Ȼҩɫ
Ӱǹ֮£ֱĿȻɫģһУһ߹󲻿µĹ
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Ҳܿd
ˮһգҲdжǰ
ȵ۾ɫ䡣ڰĶ֮׳
ҿԷˣҪҿҩ
׳ƽ㣬õߵͷ󣬴ӻͳһССֽ
ӹȵ˵
׳֣סֽǲУҪ˵ô죿ҰѽҩɵϣɵӺ㻻ү
ȵۣؿϢٴξܾڣܿ˿ڣ
ԡ
ȵ׳ֽd½ȻŻƽǰ
׳һɫ׳d˲̽һڽŵУʵĽ
ȵץdϵ·һ߾ĶһСĺˡ
æǰӦסḏ壬ֽ½Ľҩóò˫ֽҩ赹Եd죬ĺ⼸źɫҩ衣
ػɵĻƽѾص˱Ȧ룬ֻҲĴֽܲ͸ػ
Ĵ֣ɷ˱ƽ
ȵغdǻ
ɫҰףʶץdֱۣǲĲ־dҪѪмĵطӿմʪصָ
ſǻᰴסd壬૵ûˣûˡ
ҿ㻹ʲôƽϵѪ¶һЦƲԳԷƣ¡
ĺҹɫһ
ĵѹ˻ƽ㲱׳ľ
ˣժͷϵĲñ˵ү׼ôң


72 
磡ȵе
ؿͳ, ǿŵȻߡͷdĶ䶯˶ɫͷתȥ
ˣûˡûˡ
վڻƽ, еĵѹڻƽĲ, תͷһ˿ԣûи¡ԭʤȯյ״Ȼת, ƽɫڻҲһ˿ɫ
ү, ˺һЩ£˵Сû£Ҫһô죿Ц֪˲ǻҪ𣿡
ƽ󿴣ͣ
ǰ, ɵúܡͷһ˿Ц⣬㿴ϵ, ӵŮ, ˵, ӵĵܵܡү, ô᣿
ôģ
ƽ㻰δ, ĵȻ̽Ĳһ硣ĿѪɽ, ƽҽ
ү
, ƽĸǾʧ
ĵָ, һŭȺв֮, , ϴͥɢ顣
ƽ㻹ڲҽ, ŲϵĳѪ㡣
ʲôУˡȾϳɫĳڻƽɫģÿŵֻͶ䣬ͥɢı½һƽȻʣȻҪ״̬ԵȲнءӵĵܵѾвˣүҾ㻹Щǲǻȱһ
ƽ㵹һصߵĽ
͡ɱңҲƽǿװ򶨣л¶εĿ־塣
͵ɵûү»Ȫֲ
ƽɫװˡ
ô
ߣ¡˵
Ŀָ׳ͨһ˵ϣү
ƽŰɣ㲻ƭң
˵
ƽɫƬ̣ϵѪƵģӿָȾ½ĵʱߴ
ү㲻ңҪǲߣҾû˰ү׳һɢƽ޲ƴͷɶΪ°ү㲻ܹӲţذ
ͷͷѪˡҪƽʱôƽܿ˾һ񣬾н׳վ׾ٷ׳ֱۣ߳˰ȫ
ŻƽǰѪֹĻƽ㽻׳
ƽصȫط䡣ӹµֽסϵ˿ڣһض͡
áõúܡĳѾܾûѪˣˣԺ㡪ߣ
׳˺ѷεزҽү㲻Ұү
ƽ£ͷҲصˡ
ȵת£ͼ²ʡdκd̫һdȴֻǱϰ
ͽ׳廨˹
ȥͷһˡҪ죬ҲҰ
ͽסdȵϵķȥ
ٺӿۿҲ˲ϲæǰסdһߣŰ˷ݣֿͽ׳ӽ񷿹
һʱȵƴɿܽݣԭ׸ѾҲ˽
ƴӴһ㵽ˣϷϹͷҪɢˣ
ϻˣϽʹĻʱ¶һ˿ɫ
ƴ֪Ҳϻҩ˴ߡ
̽dıϢҩóձ
еɢһЧҩЩ·ٵɽֱּЧĶ
ֻܲܺáͲͷ
㼱ʲôϷҪ˵أƴ˴ӣ˽ҩѾûдˣڸ룬ЩƳ඾Щ
ƴóһϸֳ룬d̫ѨȥؿԼ̫Ѩһۣ鲻Խرܿۡ
һۣײ͵ߡ
𣿡ʡ
ҡͷdȵңû¡
Ͱһͷ
£
˵Ҳ֣ԴŪķ٣ʱͷϵĴȴ޵Ͱġ
ڲˡȻֵ飬ż׷ʣ㲻ôڻƽߣ
Ҳ㣬ҹȥţغ󣬽ƥϻǡ֣һ֪¡ҺһüʱҪȻ
̧ȵϡȵرĿ⣬ȱߵ
ɩˣʡ
һٸ㡣
һԵƴ룬ʼʰձ
ҹٹһѹûУҹϷڻеˡ
ȥã˻Ժõġ˵ȸͷȥѾҲͻҡ
ϷߣϷɢĹͷûȥأƴɫ
ȥߵ㡣˲ӣѪ൫ˡ˵ֽһЩһʱ䡣
ֺ˴ɱɱˣƴü
ʱȣû𻰣°һȵͰƴ롱˱ϡ
ƴٸһ˰ɡ
Ӵ㣬㣡ѽ
Ѿأµ׷˳ȥ
ȵ뿪ֻʣͣԼһûѵd
سƬ̣СǸлƽˣ˵֪£ͷ֣ҡǲǸ鷳ˣ
鷳ţ鷳ƽ
ǡ
˵ȥˡ˵Ļ
ض̫ˣŲŵˡ
ˮУһμѩ׵Ĳ˹è¶ΥЦա˵Ҫֻèĸ㲢δֱӷԣֻº͵ؿԼ
˹èڹⲢֻʣΪҫȥ湬ÿϴĹǵ㣬ֻθ룿
õǻϲöʱɢֻʣЩв̤ĺ¡
㽫ߵһƷ˿𵽶زҶָⴥĶһɴ̹ǵĺ⡣
һĨЦƮˮһöꡣ
ضңλȥ
Ƕ˵ն񣬷ʤ
˵ƺǶԵģÿһչʾˣ󶼱֤ͼǲǻң֮ǰ˲ҡ
Ҳϲڵ񡣡
͵˼ʶ̧ͷںڵͫסԼӰӣˮ֮һס
ηĿ⣬·͸Ƥңֱãϡ
ˣʱɩӣֱ洦ɼŮˡת⣬Ҿ࿴һ۵ˡ
͵ĻصǷӦ֮ǰȸһʹ
ͣſڵͻعͷ
صĽŲʶ˹ȥ
ҹɫһȴһսζԭһ˸ߵճ˽̿һƬڿտҹĻ£ؼǷĹҲ伣ˡ
ߵսǰ̧һߣһȦӦ
ʵˡ˵
زԵؿ
д𣿡
ʲôסˡ
ǰʲôתֱ˫ۣջƵĶŵģһߵġҪ˵дҲдʲô
ӵΧճýż߽ڵʣñ׷ǵĹǻǣʳͣǱճɻҽʡ
̧ͷأһһٵʲôʲô
صԺкһ
͵Ļඥ忪ϿǵգҲգؿ͡
زӯĸжԺδȻˮģߡ
һԲ˫罫Լ
ıļ磬ͷû㡣
ϵëʼûλǴʱ˿̣ƣмȻܷŽһëӡ
ΨһӴģϵ֣һһ£ȶᣬȵ¶ȣѣůķĴ޷ơ
еɸжʲô
Ѿܹ϶Ǹ֪ܵĸ㣬Ҳд˵ʱ
ضңλȥ
Ƴٴθ֡
һΣȷеĴ𰸡
ҪҲȥ


73 
ҳȥ˰, ûˣ
ﴫĺ
زᣬʰǵ
ʲô
㲻֪ɩ֪ˡ˵
ػɻ󣬸ߵſڡ߿ľź, ϳȵ׳ˤֻһµխռ
ݺõľһ, ׳ֲڳصľһһ, ӴҽС
ǰһ, Сֽ˴ľﾾ˳
׳½;ţһײϼӲǽһʱʹ
˵ɩôˣ͵
˰׳ЦҲ˵ô
Ȼ, Ϊʲôţأȴңû
ô˵, ô֪ǲȥţ, һǸ˭ܡ
׳ҽ
ɿ׳ұ, ֱֻ޻һȥ
ޱ㻹һֻۣ, ܹ˵λѡĴεʱ, ҾšĲ, 𣿡
׳־ؿ
һ, ȥĶˣ
׳㣺ҡҲ֪
жڶֱ, ߹޻ˡؿöؽһʹ
ǲ, ɱ
ٴʳ, ɫ䡣
Ȼ, ϵĲŵ⣬׳󣬼źµ顣
˵ҾֱӷȡͰγذס
˵˵ذ׵ĵն׼׳ͻɢشɱģ
׻졣
ʲôʱɱģʡ
͡һǰ׳սսؿһۣ˵ҼҴŵһΣ졭
һΣȫסſûе¡
תͷƽؿ㻹Ҫ𣿡
˵صӿ˳˵꣡
ҲܾûгˣҲǱɱģʡ

׳һĬذ׾ʹĴȣ͵һת
һѪӿ˳׳ɱĲҽС
ңңɱģ׳ʹ
Ķˣ
ҡ׳ˣͺԥذγذסӻûһȣ׳˻ߵ˵Ҷ˵
˵ȾѪĵĲӡ
׳˵ҡû񡭡˰
ӵĶˣ
ҡ㿳˼¡׳ԽԽСԽԽй
һǿθ﷭ӿֱס죬ͷҲصس˲񷿡
ڹ£θ﷭ɽȴ²ϯȫƤӸ첲һֱӵ󱳣ɣ޵Ǳһ
ɩճദһһֳˬʵЦݣɾװڿֽţϵζ
пյʱ򣬵ɩҽ㼸ֲˡ
ĿȴѲڡ
׳ôģﰡɩһƣڿҿңȴһȫʬûܱɱ˻һֱĲµСӣ
һΪɷӣδ޵ĽÿǣͣãسŮӵı֣ڴɷͶܻת⣬ʲô
ǿҵķθӿͷŻͣȴʲô²
ЩĵĶ壬ʲȥ̲Ķ⣬Ķ߽ıϡ
޶ˣҲֻˡ
ɩĻٴڶߡ
ǰɩƣѵǱͬ뷨Ϸϼ׼޸һ׽͸
ûа취¡
ǹ
ÿŮӵ
ǰѵǱ뷨ججܸĸ֮İ
һϤĴıһԲվķĺ󱳡
֪ģ˵ûжʱѹˡƽһҪ֮ǰ׼
ĬĬᣬȺƽȺ˵Ҫʲô
ҪȥסһҲҪȥҽ֮㡣
صͷá
û׳Ҫô죬׵ĴⱲҲ׳ֻ֣ҪͬĿؾͶĵ¡
˵ɩӵҲٹˣһ취Ϊ
֪Լﲻæɴšdˣ˸ŻصݣͰǿƤ˿ʣоô
ҸоdֹöԴ桭
ȭͷͳϴȥŵһס
ѣʲô
һûҲţôԾôԣ
dίͰ͵ر졣
d԰͵˷ſڡ
֪⣬һھͰص´Ӧ
Ĺ۲ˣɸ̾Ȼһշްնļ£Ҳ˿ûѡ
ˣ㡣ܣǧܣܡ
ҲܣĻͲˣ
գķչ˺ϱ
㻹ңҶչ˹ˣչ˲ϱʮ
һںϲȥ²Ŀɿڴؿˡ
ǡ˵ôһ㶼˼ˣôһ㶼֪
תͷصһæյҹգƺҲΪ죬Ʋ㡣
ˡ˵
ҪСһ㡣ѿڶҲ˲ϱˣŷ˵˹ĵĻ
Цá

߳ҺЦʧһŨҹɫмž˵С·ͷתճɽ̿ԼԺӡ
ȵѾվԺһӭ硭
ͿҲޱȥ

ȵĬƬ̣߽ݡ
ûеƵ߻谵ȫ¹ܱ
վڴ¹Ͷµȵݺ󣬳ıӰͨһ
硭Ҵˡ
ڴϵdֿͣһ֪롣
ת䣺ˣ
Ҳ˶
ͳĬƬ̺˵ûи߹㣬ֻҪ˻ڣжɽĻ᣿
С
ΪʲôҪdע
磬Ҵˡ
㻹ǲ֪֪ʱ˿̵ǸĶ󣬾Ͳˡ
ͱݺ󣬺һʱ䣬ﶼûзκìȴdס˺
ֻǾãԼġ
dأ
һҷˣȴڲϽҩ
ȵ㡪Ķ磬ΪĹִأ

ȵŵ棬û˵
˾ˣ𣿡˵ûĶ硣
硪ȵ̧ͷ¶һĨ
Ŀ󣬼˵ȥ
Ǹɵӣ󣬿Ǳֱţǳָ鷳β϶ʵмЩҶ֪˵ǰװ֪ΪҲҪÿ˶һԴһΡ
ޱ飬ɫ̶ˮ¹䣺ȸԽˡ
硭ȵˡ
Ϊһջӡҵԭͷģһھƣһ⣬ܻһ죬;ֻ졪
ͿŹڵϵȵһһٵ
ȻֵܰܣҲͲðҵֵܡ
磡ȵʧɫŵ֪ˣ粻ҪߣǷǳʱ̣ΣͷԭµܵһΣõܵܽ
ﲻҪòֵܡͳ˵߰ɡ
磡ȵеԲ磬ҶԴһֱĹ޶İжǴ磬ҾǻԼҲΪҩ
ȵ˫۷죬ǰؿ޶Ե͡
òšʹĻһͬʣȵĽҲֻһЦֵܣ
ȵԭأˮ⣬ȴҲתͷԴϵdˣ͸
dһ飬Ͻ´·ȵʱͣؿŹڵϲȵ
ܣ㲻ߣ
ȵĨᣬdӺԺ뿪ˡ


74 
ͷΨһһҿջֺŷ, أƽڴ, żѪʪɴ
ƽĸʶϴԽԽѿɫԳ
ͷ׻᲻ᰡһҩһǸҩⶼˣǲǺŪǰ
ͺˣͺˡƴɴѻƽ㲱Ϻźһҩ˿ڸ
һڵزһڵ˵
ѽǳס˿ô, һ͸, Ҳϵҩ, õ𣿡
ƴ򲻻ŲæĶ˹Ǻͷֻһ˿Ҳֻ
ڣһɴҲˣƴմûᣬƽƿվ
ߡ
, Ϸ𡭡
һ´ӻͳһ, ӵȥ, һȥ¡
ƴ̾˿ȥӵ˶ǱıӰһЦŻƽĽŲ˿ͷ
үô죿ƽԵĸ
֡ƽˮ, ڵϻô, Ҫǻȡ͵, үҲա
ĸСĸ͵ү͵ĵҹϻհɱͷ򡣵ɱֵܣòˣȻҲǻү֮
ѾҪˡƽЦţ¶ź׹⣬ӴûԹôĿѪһҪϼӱһ
Ҫȥ𣿡
أհӾͻȡ͵ͷ
ƽ߳ջѾƥǣ˷ҹɫеż۶ȥ
¸գܰ쳹ڼžҹĻ¡
ƽһгͷ򣬼һҶɽС·ԭƽеĶȻת˲ͬСսǽǰˮֻҪչǰ䣬Ǿͳ׳ͷı߽硣
ϣ֮ǰһҪϵƽĸͷոϻΪүѩ
ͻ
ƥ˻ҹɫµƽǰ˵ƥȻأϵֱ͵˦ͨһļĺˮ
һ֪سڵ·룬Ӧ
ƽһ亹ͣ˼ͻȻɳļʸ
ЩļʸȻû׼ͷҲһЩʤ࣬˷ʤ
ƽһ߾еʻס沿һŭĿԲɵ
ֱӳ壬ͣ
Ҵ˼нǣƴǰȥ
ոճսǣһ
ҶƬĵ·ϲһƴӣһ˵̡ʮɵľƽһȫϵãµĵطụ̂еǡ̸Ǳʱ򱻴̴ƣ߶ʱ򱻴̴ơ
ҽڻƽԴ˷
ɫҰףѰŽµ̣¸˵ͬǱܡ
үˣºһڲ裿
ʹ֮߳վ˻ƽߵıؾ֮·ϡƽƲϻȻ·Ҳסˡ߾ųߣ׳ŰֵһһֻսţۣȥԴ
͡Ҫƽ¶Ц亹ȴӶͷϻĳҪˣ֪ưոݡʱֵҪ꣬Ҳһ١ҪǷһĳһ飬Ȼص֪үֵˡ
ɣҲʶһλүͰܸ
ͳƽо졣ǰǺлڶݵĳɺѡתܡ߾ųߵĹȻޱȣոսⶾ廹δָֻҪӦԵõ˵Ļᣡ
dһս˹
ƽͷֱ壬ȴڽӽdʱ¶һdŵı飬¶ʤȯյĳЦͬһϵڶΣɵӹȻɵӣ
Ϳ˼ѪĶҩҲûнҩˣ
ʹг
żͷڵdվԭز֪
ۼҪ壬ɽƾһֻʸһʸƫ˹켣ڰϾص
ȵó
ƽ㲪Ȼŭֲֻжˣԭһֱڰ
δ䣬ͱϥѣȥ
𡪡
ƽ۾ŴԼӿѪ
үȼˣүȥɡ
ɿץͷ֣ƽ㽩ֱˤȥֻʣһ˫Ŀѵ۾գҲգص̶ͣƬ̣ѪȾµأǵҲʧȥĹʡ
ȵ˳ĬɽͳһذףԻƽ㸺˵½Ĩβd״Ҳսȥ
ȵһ˵ĺɿѪ߰ߵذףתһԲͣϥȥ
ͣգ۵ʱ󣬺ȻŲϥǣdߵͷ
磬ҴˣҷҡԭҰɡ
dһ֪룬ֵսߣǰȥͼȵӵ
˵ʲô
磬֮ǰ㣬Ū㣬Σյʱ򣬻ûаϣҲˣҰɣҪǲңԼ
ȵ̧ȥŵdһֵֻսȥ
磡磡ܷˣˣ
վԭû
֪ˣ
֪ˣȵշ¶ģ統һԴΥģ졪
ˡʹĶ䣬Ȼɫһ£
dͷˮϥȴһͨһȵԱߡ
Ѿ֪֪ûУ
ҡʲô
ƶƻʱûжСģ˰㣿
dСС
ô˵˵İ㣿
ҡұϱżһżˡ
ǲĴĴ⣿
ǡdһûڡ
֪֪
ˡdͰ͵˵
ö˭Ǹ͵
dתϥǷ򣬿ȵ˵ܡԲ𡭡ӱˡ㣬ҵֵܣֵܣҹ𡭡
ȵᣬҡҡͷ
磬ǵܴܵˡ
ҴˣҴˡ
һַһ˴ӵ
˵öԣֵûиҹ²ˣҪ´ٷͬĴ󡪡۾һɣɷʰǣ
ȵĨᣬǣ
dһͷҲɤӴǡ
һȥʲô۽
dίίԴҲˡôҡ
ȵЦΪϲҡ
˵ѣƭˡϲҡdĹĵ
˷ʱˣڸʲôǲ𣿡Ͳͷ
֪dȵǰ˵ðʬˣ
ͷһųȥ᲻˵ʰģʰģ
˵ɾ͸ɣչʰĹһᣬϾʹʰĵĳɹ
磬ЩʬôҪ𣿡ȵ
ûհѣ⡣ÿV֣ȡһ⣬¹ͷկġǺڷɽġ
ָɫͷͣһֻѪɺԵĶϼϡ
ˡ
ʹϳ¶ϼڻƽʬԡ
ƽȢǷС檻ϣǷڻǴ㣿ȵʡ
ʹӻͳһָֻӸȵ
ȥģ¡


75 
ڷȵ, ÿһ߹ŲȲűߵȴ
ʧ, һ۾һĽŲڳ⡣
ֻһŲʡǲ͡һɲǣͲ˳ȥ
ͣ
ߵűߵһ۾զզĸʲôӸġ
ޡֻûڣ͵Ļͷضˮ˸䣺
ӻûأʲôޣ
Ҳ, Ϳ, 治ƾܿƵġ
̧˫, ֱƴᡣ
һֱΪΪ
϶һֻůĴ֣Ҳᡣ
ɫΣҪᣬһĨᡣ
ϣⲻǻô
غȻһ¡˲ϻûɵᣬóԲһ, ҭ˵㡣
һöɾ켦, Ͷ˶, ֽ˹
ģ
ҡһգŲԵ۶˵ҵáˣ˼á㲹
ͺ޲ðǰֻǿ˿, װģ˵
еġ
ˡŹǷ߳, æ˺͵ľ롣ΰѵϽȥ, ӿһڵ㣬һ̶ûϢ
Σлˡ˵
һ̸ʲôл˰֣ת߻С
ػŷıӰѾס󣺡߰ɡ
¶Ӧһȥ
͵ϣһ綼ûԽ׳ء
صĿⲻǰĺϣһֵˣŴ֣ʵȴϸְݣΪҲеÿؼʱ̣쵼˵ȷΪʲôԸҲԸȢأ
ԸȢޣѡеǸŮӲ˵ȫҸĸˣҲȫҸĸˡ
֡
ûҹԼܼ޸µһӣȴĽһδӡ
ƽôˣʡ
ȥȥĵطˡ
𣿡
ˡ
͵ĻһҩصĲ
СõöҲСŽ˭룬һת־
һ뼦Ծؿ͡
ҧ˵
ʶհ졣
ʣµİһڳԽ
㡭ؾò֪˵ʲôá
Ҳ㹲ѹˣи˵
⻰էһеǷʳͬһҧļ⣬ôԣ
ԼС֮ĶȾ֮ˣǲ̵еߣ
ɣػصǽһƬԼԺӡ
ͽd°ߵյýһƬʣѷľϺɨһѡ
Ҳ˸ɨһ԰æ
׳Ѿˣֻʣһ̲ѪûȥֻϣԼĺ뱲ҲҪ֡
ճʱ֣ĳأһжŲؽٺճǸп
пĻһˡ
ͷɨ㣬һȽȽĳκȻٴ
һѼҿУ϶Ƥա
۶ǲգѼΪιҿС
ʫͽСӽաɡΣ
շ̣䷢գװƣƴͷɨأ޲ط
Σƨ˲׷ʵ
̫ˣ̫ˣǶ˴ħ֮
ͦͦáظЦ
ƨ˺ĻشǷȴװģҡͷǡ㡷ʤһ
صͷɨأٱһ䡰ô
ճ½½ũ˾ͼţڵԺӷ׷׳Թġ
沿Ĳţݸ壺ҹԺ￾ԣһСĺȶˣͱˡ
⻰Ǻ͵ɵܷϣʻ˿ûɡ
ȵ󣬺Ͳֹ֪ʲô˳ȥһˣʱһȺС
ǡһ롣
š˵ŷڵҰҵĶջˡ
û˵ҵʲôѾ˳
û£ֻǸеˣ޾ıˡ
û𣿡
ܿ˹ǵĲλûȦӦӳȥˡҺȸȥң
Һһȥ˵
ڼһڻؾĬƬֲ̺ȥڡأȥˡ
ɫȻټ֡
ʱͺȵȻȥˣһȺҲˡҹŻûˣҲûˡ
ûȥ
һ춼ûʲôͷˣȻ
Ҳ˯šڴϣۻǱۣɩЦòǸǰ
ɩӺǸˣĽ̫ңزɻɺкñ仰ǲǧһҰο
ѭӦˬɱɩ˵ȷõ˱Ӧأɩܹ
ɩӺͷһˡ
ԺȻ͵
زͷŴ͡˫ԺɫѣҲû˯

ʹӱšһ
ǰɷÿֺУȫάּáﲻܰǮᱻɷҳֻҪҵ͵صǮƣɷͻ֣ȻﳤȥŷǮȥķ;ӻ
𱬺ˬĸ˻Ĺȥ
ûз𣿡
ɩӷ𣿡ͷʡ
ˣֻǡ
ֻķ̫΢һǳ⣬һܾɩķ
Ǹ㷴ֻˡƽǻһʯĳͻȻϴĸ棬һ˽ӱ۵̺øжǸı䲻˶ԷֻƭԼƭԼӣֻҪȥоͷ
͵Ļ˵̫£һʱ䣬˼ͻе⡣
˵ɩһˣΪʲô
һȻԺڼһĺ⡣
ɷôģ
ʧĺ֮ǰˡ
һµ
һΪ
תס۾
ΪԴˣϽ˯Խ˯Խϡ
Ŵϡ
˵֣͵ħһԭʵ濾£֪׹硣
ոմشأɵճˣµճڹ
ܼԺɩЦŶ˳һ̹ӴͣЦݡ;һԣһֺͺĸΧһ𣬲ʱкûԹ
Ǵá
ÿϵ֣ȥ˴۽顣
ָŵǰ촽ˮմʪĵط
ϡʲôء

ҹɪ¹š
ưܵѼȦһĽŲ
һʳгҹɫС߹ѼȦһֱߵС·ľͷزƬб£ߵеĺӱߣ
ʳһȾƣһֻССľյóƣһ̾˿ĵ
ʮˣû뵽һлصһ졣
׳ҹĻһӰΧһˣֻкӱ߷
ɩˣҪڵ¼Ҳ֪ʲôˡ׳ǲСɱ
ˮ¹Ųɫ۹⡣
ƽָпڼžҹɫ
ţͺǰһó˳ܣŮһӣҲûѡ񡣿ˣˡѡġ
ÿ뵽㣬ܺڡ˵Ҹؼҵʱû룻˴ҵĺʱûõ㳥
ǰĺµ£ڻʲôû㣬һøãڡ֪𡭡Һڵ̫ˡڵģûɱ
յһʣµľƾ˱ڵĺˮ
ǰĶȰɣҵһΣҲһ㡣
ҹ֮ȻʧˮȻûп˭ƽ˺
㼴㵱˹Ҳǹ»Ұ
ﵱˡ
ﳯһڣʳ¡
ת˲ʧããҹɫ


76 
, µʾڷؽˡ
µʱȾɵĸߣʵػǱųǽ, Ȼ˼⡣
ô޽, Ҫͷˡ˸׳ũʱæ, Ӳø, ֻ׼þƺò˾͹ˡ
ʱͼﶼֲѡ
زŻԸ׹ȷ, õ϶Ļش𡪡ǲҪǮֻҪٺóԵĸлǾС
ּشǰڹδ, Ȼض룬Ǿúܹȥڷ˼, ˶ܳԱԺá
ͷǮС⣬ڱҲŬ׳Լһ
ﲻʵæɴŷڳæ
޽õĵ죬ԪڡԹϦʳ, ɢϯ, ؼҵĻؼ, ļ, ֻʣﻹŲæڳϴ
, ЩɡҪǼ¾Щȥ߰æ˺, ߽˳
Ҽû, ¡
ؿȻ, ȷʵ, ûм֡
ﶯһʱϴһ˵ʲôҲĹˣ˵ʣµɣؼȥԪڣҪ̫ɽǰϻȥС㡪
Χȹϲ˲ϵˮҿܲ͡һﲻ⣬˭֪ҪҼҹЩʲôߡ˵ҲеԪڣҼ˵ңȻȥˡʲôҡ
͵ſڣл÷뿪
صϴɾСʱԺʵ˽
أ
ߡ
Ա߶
ôˣ
ߵġѵԪڣҹŴ󿪣ǻ˲̫ɽߡ
Ͳмس˳ǣ˲ʲôŴ󿪡
ںԺֽǮҲΪҹ׼ģʡ
سĬƬ̣˵ͷ
Խôˣô̤صضãҪˣֽ𣿡
ֻ˵ʲôأ
ͼЦ
ҲɵһҪǮƨֽء
ò˵һ˶ۡ
ҹóֽǮںԺ֮Ĺ
Ͳ֪ʲô񾭣ҪһաŪֻĬĬĸʻ㱨
ʣĸڹ⣬ѧ˿ۣϼջ󼦵
Ŵ󿪣ĸ͸ʻ˵Ļ
ȥ̫Ǳߣ٣ĸɣ
ͷػ㰲ȣ˶ҺܺáոǸҼĽзһæףǼĳǱˡ±ҪǼɩõ㣬ǰҲ١
޾ϸĸ
͵ĹϵʱŤ⣬ܵ˵ͷദ졣ˬ˿ʱʱԶʱҲѾڵɩ
ÿʱ̲ס̾񣬷֪ʲôƵģҲ԰οֻļ򣬽ϴСˣΰͣжתע
ǰͷӴ֣࣬Ҳܺá
˼ˣͷϵƺܺáظʱ򣬻ú͵ܣѽȥĲԺ
˵ռ˵ĺƹܺãӱĶܺãÿƲ˶Ͷľܺã뿪ͷҲܺáͷأõļǺõĻ䡣
õģ͡
Ȼҳƨˣ϶õˡ񻹲֪ˡǱҵͬʱҲӱɡ
Ǹˣӹɡ
ˣһԲʫ˴󷢾͸ˡ
һüһŹֵıʲôһֽǮ
ֽǮѹ˻棬÷ɻ
ʲôһ߿ţһԱߵĻɿǵδ˺ֽǮ
һ޹Ǯܸʲô
ѻģ
㲻Ҳյģü
˺ˣŷȥģ㡪
СʹĻֹ˺ֽǮոֽҲô͵ˡ
潲Ķˣ
˳Ƹչһ÷ǹ淶ɥΣͼһᣬһƨķذϣ
ֽڷذǰĹƵľƬ˳һӿŲŲƨɣ˵ͦҼǵǰûģ
ظѶһֽǮĬĬ
鰡飬ȥһƨˡ

һһȵԪڹȥǶֽǮζ
һȡĺլԺһƷٷվӰټ
üͷз˼
һѾ߳ͷ棺֪ͬү롣
֮ͥѾݻĻһڰǰţɫȰһĿϾӡ֮ͥڣͷҲ̧
֪ͬһͰѹٷˣҪ
֮ͥҾü͸һء
֪ˣͷشػƽϢֵԪ壬¹ûдš
֪Ϊ๾ȹϺ࣬Ůӹֽ˲죬δ
Ϻ˭ò͡
ֿ֮ͥո˵˭ˣ
ˣƽˡ
Ŷƽ㰡ΪΪǸȢ˵ʮ߷С𣬲´˰ɣ
¼߷ѣȴڹʱϷ˻ϲﱻϴһա
ߣƤϰƤˡΪЦƽΥѾãˣʡԼ֡ΪģùûУϺ಻³ɡ
Ϊˣ֪ͬ
¹л֪⣬¹ٴ˴ǰֻΪƽѶ¹ΪƽΡ
ôηΪһֻŵ
ƽΪ˽թ׺Լƽվںͷͽ򽻵ôᷴڷͽ
ںӱߣܲʪЬΪ֪ʲôĵ
ڻƽʬԷһ֧ϼŹٸӡǣһǰٵȥһ䱸
֤֤ڣ㻹ʲô
ﳣغͶػôͷصĻƽײˣ
ضͷҲԶ
ɴǰǴδֹͷܱߡ
˵Ƿկ׳أΪ¿մףжһüõڲ֣ȱæ󣬶ȻҪնݳ
ƽ·ֱͨƺҪٶȸϻŻҹ·Ƿʲô£ŻŸϻƽǰѾˣ˴׵ȴһ˳Ϊƽˡ
ˣ˱ȳԷף˵ԼҩġΪ˰֣˵˵Щ㲻ʲôɵ㡣
һΣƽȢǷС檡չŷˣƽɷ򣬽ϳšһŮجģӦҽռʰ磬ȴδˣǵû֮ɫüɫ裬ʲôϲһ㡣
ΪмŮӶౡ飬мģ
ˡ̲֮ͥסƽȷ΢Ļ֪֮ƽݵĹϵȻʹɱ֣αװ˻ʵǹšǲµˮʯ»Сսݵϡ
ˣҪʵģȥ顣һƽˣֵΪ˷ġΪ˶٣˵ϺĲԣ
֮ͥ
ŶƤʢȴһϺ뿪󣬷֮ͥ¡
ϳûУ
һãȻ֪ͬʵĸϣ
ƽȢǸ
֪ͬȥ֪˵ʱͨˡӦѾڻؼҵ·ˡ
֮ͥɫһǣ

ӣǲһ·ͷصĺϲ١⳵棬Ȼһ㶼ǳص·ӿݲ˵·խ澭ˣ
ϣҡһȣͬе
ɲôͷôõĶ㿴棬幤Ƚ¥Ļá
ӣҪ뿪𣿡СѾ
㵱뿪ҪᱻǶ̡ˣȻȥܱܷͷȡ
ϺСѾһ뷢׵ǿһΣȫͣ
ôݳأû۰
СѾƿţ
СġǡǡһΪѡ
ǵĳ
̤̤̤ӳƿ˳Ȼ־ƥͣڳԡһٷӼ˳ųϹ˹֣Ϣŭ
ϣ๫Σмʣֻͷһˡ
ɫһףˣūʲôҲ֪
֮ͥޱ飬ֵ
ߡ


77 
Ԫڹĵڶ, ʹӼһ޵ţ⡣
صңͣؾͽ˳
⣬ˮ, һǳɡ, ͷ, ò˵, ǵкáسһʼæ⣬ʱſĶˡ
ţ¹һʱdȵ, ȵһԺӾЦ
粻ɣʲôöˣ
dѭζֱӳ嵽ſ, ̽ͷһ˷ܽеţ棡ţ棡Դ桪
̨һͷͳȥ
dһץסͷҧ, ߸˵ˡ
һҪͷֵ
硪
ȵͣڳſڣҡҡͷ
ز֪ڴʲôգȵһѾˡÿضһҡͷҲûʲôӦ·ȵ˵֮²ġ
ķӦҲ㿪ѯʡ˵˵, Լڡ
ȵ֮߿, ܿ촫ֵЦ˵
Ȼ֪ʲô, زȵd֮ǲʧˡͲڵʱ, ȵҲʼdһЩ
˼ʱ, ˮˡ
ץһԵߦ, ӽտˮ, ԭڵˮ, һ˫, װ׵ɢȵˮٴηʱһˡ
˽ˮΡͰѲҶˮˮһտʱóڹãһֳֻ
ӱһţ
ֵѧͽʦһæϻ̳Ͽֵݳ룬һ˲ʦĺ¡
ͽӹ룬ĸ붼װһףߵԱţ̨ǰʺţϡ
˳յõţϣÿһ鶼͸
һ̣Ҷ˱Ƕ
һ̻һ̾Ϳʼ͵͵ˮ
˳ȥС̡
ͷ׼롣
ףߡ
֪ˡذ˫ֿһЩ
գ۾ڴʮϾָ۵øаһ
ˣȥţúúõģͺȻĶ˻ȥãȻؿתͷŭȵ룬͵ǰ
һʨȵdɱˡ
dźףһίûҡ
ȵЦȶ룬һߣһ߶˵ɩӣִֻͺˣȥ°ɣ.
ز˼Բɻȥ˫ӳںá
÷촽ûţ֮ǰȵ˼˵Цȴ½һͽϰֻʣ˷
ʱѾ治ɫרעԼеʳˡ
ȻûԵúһ𾢡ţ棬ϴȵë滹Ҫó࣡
͵˵ţԽԽóԣɱ¹ʹţûһʱţ˹ټѡĲλãÿһ鶼ˣһʱÿһţⶼ֭
ţóԣóԣҲúȣֶмһ˵˶̲סڣd͸˵ˣɨԼæص
һͷd֡ԼǰĶƸȻùǰĶ롣
dǰֻʣһţֿǰŵţֹ
С
ʳd֧ʹȥ˳ϴ룬æȴݡ
㲻˯ذűʵ
˯
Ҳ˯Ҹʷǰɡ
ػδͱƽݡ
ûǴүҪӣң˯ľ
һƨˣߺߵرŹڳʵĶƤشӱȥˡ
ߵԺĹ£㷴ȷݵĴ͵󣬴һСɿͳһͰ͵顣
ߵ￴ĵطŹȥ
ţʫһʱ˺ͣʫԣǿʫʣֻǶʩЧЧʲô⣬ôֶӡһˣ
鱾ͷҶ⣬Ŭһ֡
ҳƵƭǮ
һ˺ҳ飬һź˸˽ȥ
硪
ȵǰת۾͵ƨɵ¡
״ѰؿŴ߽ȵϢˣ
ȵҡҡͷûС硭ֹɫǡ
֪ڵʲôվͬʱƨµʫѧɴ
Ҳóȥˡ˵ʰɡ

ϣ㻹ʵ
һŭȣŵϼһʧɫ
ˣūҵ治֪ʲôū֪Ķ˵ˣʲôūңūһ˵
֮ͥѵΪ𣿱ֻҪ˵ʵͷβڣϣִԲ򣬱ֻ˸ˣ
𰡣ˣһ̾ͽūҸ˵Ĳ˵Ķ˵ˣū๫ʱƽնһɷ˵ˣ˾ʲô
๫ôģ
ūô֪ôģʲôûҾͻ·ϡٸ˸ūң˴ҽˡūడռ˾û๫ūҵĵǸƫĵܵܵģܵǸóģūûպôš
ϵġšϵְֳԹϷ̨ϳƵģ÷֮ͥüͷһ壬ͷشĽԩ
̡
һԲľǰһɺԵѪֽˣ۰ʮָһУûʼ̣Ѿҽ
ˣ˵˵
ͣ
˵ֱ˵
˵˵˵֮ǰϵĺӶͷϹ䣬ţ༰һ䣺ʲôʱˣ
ﲻգ޵ǴʱʣȴԵøɡ
ˡ
һڣ䶼֮ͥ޲
ˡһɣͣƬ̺ڿڵūҲ˵Щò׼ģūֻ֪ū๫ϵĵͷҹūҡ
ʲô֮ͥʡ
ˣⶫȡūϣūĻŵ벻ˡӵ
֮ͥһɫ۳ӣվһʱ
£˫֡
ū๫ڶķ˹֪ƫƫȢӡϰһ¶һĨģȥˣûţֵܸʲԭߵˣ˵Ҫȥһسӡ
˭֪ѽⳡûһˡ
֮ͥɫѿô£Ϊʲôͷûһ˵ʵ
£ֻôЩ֪ʲҲġϷοοǵͷߡҽҪƤӵ¹ӵģ˭Լȥأ
ȻˣΪʲôֿ˵ˣ
ڨڨЦȻΪ١
ΪҸ㣬Ѿˣ𣿡
ס
֮ͥҲ£ʱ͵Լ
ʲʲôԼԼʲôˡˣ˵ĻūŵظЦš
Լĳʱ㻹δؼңǾ鱩¶ˡϣ˵ÿɶԣ
⴫ʱĸһɫҰס
ǵ̴ˡ֮ͥ˫ֱЦڸոҪǿӱޣʱ־ܸϵͷءİ֮׽ͺһ׷
ˣϲҽ
֮ͥɫʪη
һˣ


78 
˯һ뱻˽, Ժ߳ݾͿ󿪵ͣһ
˭ˣʡ
û˭Ҫˡ˵ֵǮ, ߰ġرƨֽ, ܴ
ߣȥĶ, оû
ȻôͻȻ˵Ҫߣ
ȥĶУֻҪĸһ𡣡˵ץʱʰ, 
Ͱʱ˵ôȷ, ض˽, 뿪ͷһѾǰ϶¡ҵ, һͷˮ¹ϴѡ
Ѻ, ŽŴ¹񶥲͸׼ױơ
شƸ, Ӷλ˽Ǯں, ױҲŽ˲
кܶණߣһӻδɫ, ˰ʱµ޹򣬻ֻһ벻ƨɡޣֽ
ߵĶ̫ˡ
֪ͷ, ѾôĶ
ԭûʵеȻʵ, һ, Щ
᲻
ظǲǷ߲ɵͷŸһ, ɵͣˡ
ͷµ˶еѹ, ôʮأ
Ƿ߲, Ըⱳ磬Ĳִ뿪
ʱٸϺȡܣѰµĶ
ˣ
һ飬ҪġֵǮҪǰⶫˣǾˣ
ذӣŬӷ·ӡ˴Ļңµذѷӡغá
ÿһۼľվϵء
վԭأɫӣϵ
ϵ
ǰΪһ£
ʰûУ˵룬ûʱٻȡ
͵ĻŵزһڻشĴ˿ʾ֭Żʲô
ȷ϶شССĲǱ
ƨˣ֪һѣȵȥ˰֣
ڲȻȥ𹬱ʱ˵ܱȣͺͺľʣΨһһޱӦר齡ޱ£һᣬͺd½ϳȵϳ˼ݳλϡ
˰ɣȵ
û˵dͶء
۾Ҹʲô
⳵㶪ģ˭˵
ǳ//ƫ
dϵĶֹûгԵġ
һŰ߻ʣ·ͳԣһ·ϳʲôã
ѹвסdҲ·ˡ
ƿǽ𣿡
ġ
ģɼ񣿡𾪻ͷ
ġ˵
ȥҽˣ
ô˵ģ۾һɣûϴôͣӻʲôߣ
⡭ⲻǴҽ
زƨ˿϶ǵһΡˣȥǸ̶
תƻ뿪£˵𣿡
ʲô˵ģһϲǡ
أԭ뿪ͷ򣬶˵һϲ
˭˵ͳһۡ
û߾ˣ֪ˣҪҵˡȻ
ҪҪ
ʲôʲô
ƨ˲ƴڻ뿪ıҲˡ
֪ʻͷ峺᰺ӷ֧࣬ҲǸʵɽڣʱʱгɽϵĻ֦̽복ڣͼ棬һ֦ŻɫСģֱڴϣҲƮ˵Ļ㡣
dһ·˯ڵ˯ţ˵ҲʱѰ
չͱڣϴԭ˯dȻһ
ˣˣdɫ󺰵
ػûع͵һʱʲôʲôˣ
ӣӣ
֮Ҹµġ
dеҪҪҪҵӣ
dһɫʾ꣬һѽأd
һͻdȴһ̬ش󳳴ֿ֣вգִҪظӡ
ҲͼȰdβľҪӡ
ĺӿǿѹһų壬ȴźͯǵǿ׳ӿ޼ƿʩ
ᣬӻͼԽǱӡ͵Ų£ͿʼǴ˵ʲôҲҪȥ
Ҫҵӣҵӣ
ˣһȥãһ
磬Ҫȥݳȵʵ
ȥʲô취ͿŶҭҭdûǱӷĶˣ
㡢ͷ
Ϊʲôҵͷ
ȫdһί
˭û¸͵ӣ㡪ˣһʰ㣡ɫѿ
ͣȵ򿪳ţһ飺磬Ҫȥ
һƵһƥһѽ˳
ʲôأС
һᡣͷȵߣںƽػϡ
硪
ͷҲصˡ
ҵ͵ıӰֱȴУ˰ǿǿ
ǮȵӻͳһӸٳҾʶʲôǿ
ŭɫǡ
ǿǲڵġ
ȵһɨһ£ż򲻿ˡ
ݣȵǰС
ﵣ̲ͣסʣҪߣ
ãǰŴȵĴ𻰣
ġ

۵϶һǰͣ¾ͺ
첽߽ݡ
İ뿪ʱһûбùĺۼ;ֱݣͷһȻͷһ
һͳһɫëļëӡȥͽֱǮһļëûκ
ҧҧѹ´dͷķŭ
һת߳ݡߵ⣬ҪţһҵĽŲ
һҲһ߿ų˽ȥ
סݿİ
͸ҪӽһͨԺС·۷ӴӺԺ˳ÿ˶γĳȫ䱸ؿ
ƳڳſڵĲ񵶡
ͣȰ׷ѹˡ
һȵתŴ߽ˡ
͵ؿڵĲһɨ̵һҰǺεºܣͶһƷԱŰݷã
ͣöǴ񣡡֮һȵ
˵Ӷûƨ
㡪ͨ죬ųǰһ
֣֮ͥ
ԭǷ׷ͣ½Ų
Цλ˿Ĺ٣ĹٲϲԸ𣬺αԼһˣ
ͣʱˣҲĵġ֮ͥ
λˣҶʶ㣬㲻Ҵྵģʲôģ
㡪֮ͥĿתؿԸ֪Ч


79 
ʲô
֮ͥ˶֮Ļסˡ
ɫɵ
ⲽߵ, 󱳿ɣЦЦĿڷ֮ͥϣ˺óֵòá
, Ҷشˡ֮ͥ˵, ƽΪ֪, ɱǴ֪ڻƽҲʳķϣǿϽ, Ͷ֪, ҶΪ֪ǰԡ
ݵĹٸôýɱһ֪˾ܶЦ, ôõ, ô, ǹٸ϶֡
֮ͥʣ֪ҽͷغ, ˶ٸ, ҵס𣿡
˶٣͵˫۵ʮˡʮˡ

ǲǹ, ָҴķ򡣡
ĵŷ֮ͥĻĦŴϵɡ
ʱҾ;ԸͶ, ۻʲô, Ҳ˵֪˽а֮ͥ˵
λ, ô֪⣿ЦҪҸȥ, ȴҪԴô죿
ҽз֮ͥ, ֪֮ͬͥ, 䲻֪⣬뱣һˣȴǲѡο֪ҲҪһ˽ֻƽλá
һ²ס˵
˵
ƽģ²ʲôϵ̨°ɣ͹˹ǣ⵽ͶΪܣ
һѹסŭͣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣа㣬Ǹӣ
ԼûܸӡЦ
ֱ֮ͥ󣬵ͣûѡ񡣡
ڴٳƤһϸ
͵£ˡ
УԼͬߵİΧȦŴӺĻɳºȻðԭΧ͵һ򾡡
֮ͥǡվŴм䣬˶һ١
㡪֮ͥɫ䡣
Ͱ֮ɷ˵ĳ˦
һϲһƬ
֣תŲݵķ֮ͥ
֮ͥһ
Ҳϲвǡֶ˵ĺܸȤˣˣݺȱɣ

ذ͵˺ƽأҵȣҲ͸ǻϡ
ɩӣҪҪȽе㶫ԣȵӿջ¥¡
ڷǰҡҡͷҲ
һڿջ͵d˵ܣˡˡ
ȵĻض
ɩӣٳԵɣҪǶŶӣ˻ҵġ
ԱߵdͶεĿ⡣
Ǿͳһɡص
ͣʵûʲôθڣֻһࡣdǱȵһûظתͷͶСࡣ
dȥ
ȵǲƽ°뱲Ӷûˡ
dҲ֪ҷ
ϺһûθڡĲҶڲҰ׵İû˿ζһ˿ˮζ
ӲͷƤ˼ڣθʵڷθŲòӡ
ķ˱˵䲻ģȫʳ
ԭ͵ͣڿ࣬ճЩʳȣǵǲ
ԼεͦãڶȵȴЦ˳
ɩӣҪǿڵģһʲôֵˡ
ʲôӣش
㵣ӡȵʵһֱʹ粻ޣƽյദѣĵ˼ڣˡ
ʲô
ԴҲȫꡣ
ҲǡصڵغҲǣҲǡ
ɩҪʶԼľͺˡȵЦеǵ˲˶Ǽ
Ҫ˵dȻ
ˣˣ
ȵǰ˵ĻŴȵػͷȥ
ɫɢͦӣ˭
磡ȵվظ
dŤŤ󲻸˵ͰһۣûͳһëӸ
ţԺ⼦ëӲ磡
㣬Ǵ硭dС
硭˭ȵѹ߽֮ջٷۡ
ǰģ⡣ʹֵڷһصĲյһǸĵȥݣͷصĶҲһ͹ȥˡ
ݣȵɫأɻƽ㲻ǡ
֪ͬ˵ƽˣҲΪȥƽȱԸȸӻṩԺӸסתͷص㲻һֱôȥݣסÿռˡ
⡭¶ɫ
ÿռȻãܾ͸ŹŹ֡׻˵úãҲҪˣͶ˻ƽ㣬֪ȻһҲŭ
㲻ʡ
Ȼ룬ɡ
Ǿô˵ˡһĶ
ؿо⣬ʡ
dȵ˸ʲô飬dֵܵɫСܳң
ؿûĲ࣬˵ʲôԣǳϵȥԴͣ
һļϣټһ沨أ˻ͣȥ
֦ͷʱųڴͷڵĽ˳ǣͼۺŵ˵ʲôûһʹˣһдҡڵؽ˳ǡ
˳Ǻֱǰߴ·쵽һĺԺǰ
³صǼǵûڳϵأתdһֱ£͵һΡ
סͷСԺէһۿǰĶĺԺĻزˡ
Ѿڳ˵ͷȥͥŲӣ·ʮꡣ
ȵɩӣŴȽȥɡҿǰѶ
صлϽ׷͵ĽŲ
ͱ˫֣һׯӲĵؿֵĲҵ󿴿ҿ˵һ䣺խ˵㣬˵㡭ҲͽͰɡ
أ
ǵҹסʲôط
߽ԺؾϲطԺһƬķϵĻ԰ȻԳӲݣɼɽЩƷζģֻҪѻԻָҲʧΪһͥԺ
ͷϵľϲ飬˿ı飬ֿ˿עĻԣҪͬܡ
һصĿϺŻԵطãֳִȦȦ
ؾֵؿ
Ҫ˵ѼȦĺá˵ѼӻǱѼԳԣѼ޿˯Ѽʺܡ
ʲôؼæĻ
һֻѼߴߴɾѾ㹻ˣ
ѼȦͦõġһʧ
أһ㶼ã
ĺԺź󣬲һᣬ߹⡣ؿЩٷ۽ӶԺᶫզࣺƨδ̫áֲҪء
³һܿݲеƷһʳ͵ռֱŷ
ùҹϦʳرŰսȵЦʰ˯¡
ر˵תݡ
ȵϴ
磬ɡȵ
û£ǾֹŮۡʲôС
ߣȵϵ
ȥɡ͵
ȵ˶٣ʣ磬ҪͶ֪
ĶԷǳԷиʱɽùͳһЦԿĲҡ
ھδȥҲ֪ʲôҲʧΪһ취ȵںƽصʱ˵＾ضˮϡ١Ѿˣ硭ⲻǸͷ
Ҳ˵ˡ˵
˼ĬҲˡ
κ¿ڵһ磬ͷʮʮסİֹҡٴdȥѻƽ֮ǰ£
磬֪Ҫʲô
ƽʲôҾͽʲô
ƽ֮ǰʲô
ɽԷ


80 
Ӳһ, ڴмĻëӡ
Ҳǰ·̫ƣԵʣ෭׹˳˯ߡ
ڶһ, , Ѿ׼óʳϴĸһŷ
ؿΧޱŮ, ֹ
֪ң֡ͼһݰײ˰ӷŽ
ɫ˵赭дȴ⡣
ڴ΢, ÿսӴֺγǹ﹬ߣ
ˡ
͵ؿһۡ
г, ҪڼңףҲڵʱ, ҲȥҳԵˡ˵
Ҫ, Ҫȥĸţڵ
ִæ, ôҵң͵, Ӧîʱ, ֻܵҵټ
һѵߣʶԼƨ˻, æ֮
˼ټ֮, ֻлʵۺͻʺټ
ֻԼûڷƨͷࡣ
ˣüͷһ壺˵ûУҪҪ
һǺԼ
ͬȵֲ´Ц, dϰΪͷ, ԵŮͷ֮, ԭľȻϽ¶Ȼ顣
Ǻ, ԸκͲģ¸ҽУҪһֳ¡
ҪҪνе
ƳŮߵЦ⣬رͺ͸ĶһĨ糺졣
Ҫȥ֪ǶîҪʲôʡ
ȥص
ҡҡҡdÿ˼ò¿ںİײ˰Ӻ󣬴
㰮ȥĶȥĶӱҪ͹
d˼غٺһЦֺõסֱۡ
硭Ҫ
ùʳغòߺƨˣȷԼ󣬸߸˵سȥˡ
Ǽ꿪󣬷˴ٵķģҸŮʣԷܿ͸˾λáˣòͿϣ˺üݺƵ··ҵǼڵĳƽ·
δߵſڣϤռζ˱Ƕ
ſһ򼦵ĳŶӵȺdѾȲغ
С
һɤӣ游ҲһԵء
ڴͥ£ôܵؽŮӹǼΪ
Ȼ游ɫ
ɵӣҺʲô
ǳdŶӵĿ˽͵ǸɵӣӲѡ¡
˵ˣˤкҶصһ游պҪõģûʲôͳˣ˭еã
游ú
һԵֽϲ˲֣游ѿɫΧĿ⣬첽غd
ôôˣﾪϲ
ͱ֪У¡صȻ͸Űˡ
̫ˣԺһˣ˵ס֡
ҡҡdż廰
ԣ㡣תͷd𣿡
ˣˡdסͷ
سԾǸë͵ģ
ǣһǻأ͸׼֮ǰЩôҲͦ˼ġЦЦǸëļëģҲһˡ
أѹ滹ţ
ţܱ˵
ɲ𣿲
ֵǮģҪǸӣҾҲ㶫ˡ
ӣӡdһ֤
˶࣬ǻط߰ɡ˵
㲻ڵæˣʡ
ҵ˲ӡ
˳ûôܼķȥñط꣬˷ܵʶ·ϣؿһӱĵֲ̣d򼸸ؼңһʼ۸ˡ
һӱ٣
ʮһ̵Ĵ
شԭͷһɡ
һӵĴֱֵһӱûӣdǺ⣬һ˹ſھҧ
뿪̺ص˺һ㳢
ӱϾһСŽֲڣ֪˶ٴҲһѾȻǴࡣ
üδ̫ˡ
ͷأôóԵӱһö࣬ﻹۡ
۹еط۶ˡ̾˿
ؾȵΪʲô
û¼꣬ׯڳòãټͷʵۣҪҪǮЩĹԱֻڰϹǮˡɫǣٻõһһƣ֪붬ء
طپȻα۽˰ǿǴĹشʧɫ
ֲܸǱӻȻǴͷԷˡЦһ죬ȫǾȡ
˵⻰صҪȥˡ
ŭ׷ʵΪô˵
ʵʮǰΪ׹ʲôҼһǿжҼҪûжҲһ١Цð׹ʧˣһͣˡ˭֪һ׹ʲôˣɡʵ۸ϰյǸ¥νϡ
죬ŭɢ
˵ﻰʵ۵֮ҷûôѹˡ˵
Ҳô𣿡
ҪǸĳ޵˿ֻЩʳĻɡ
سĬµûš
ԭڹЩ̫ƽʢĻǼ󡣰ղ࣬ĸʣҲʲôʻĵۡ
ԭڹϰΪݻڰյĹѪ֮ϡ
һ仰˵ĺܶԣԳԺۼΪǱ˵ĵȷֻһˡ
ͳǵĻʵ۵ˣȻŰͰ
ʵ۵ı˲ǵıˡ
ʵ۵ϲãȴѹ˫ص
ȵʵ۵̨ʱǷ׷ظƽкá
ǻʵ۵ĴǰյĴ
һֱܵ˼붼ǣʵûдģȴԴ˲ʡ
ߵһʵûд
ǲ˵Щˣ쿴ǻũĵÿ
ع˳ָһһſţŴЬĻũŵӴо
ĵһ۾ܽглѩͷйڵȳĵֵһᣬѰɫӵŵһ裬ȴضפļƷ̣
⻨ͦÿģôסũʵҲǵĶ̡
Ӻ۹⣡ǼƷֻ̣ʮӾܴؼң
ٰŵôУһ仨ѣҪʮ
ũ¶ãӣɲͨĻǼƷ̣ǣһҲ´࣡
ôȥǣһҿؿܣ
㡪Ů˵壡ũӾߡ
ôŮˣվסҪ˵òԻũıӰ
æ֣ϽĿ⡣
ҸʲôҽշҪѵѵ̡˵
ε̾۸ûƭˣĶ̸һЩǧҲоʿ򡣡
զ࣬ŵ˻Ứһǧ仨Ǯûػ𣿡
ɲǮûػ
صո趹̣ۣʮǴ´ˡ
Ŀע⡣
򣿡
ԥƬ̺ҡҡͷˡ
Ǯô࣬ô˼һǮ
ôǮˡﲻΪ
Ӧҵģؽе
úúã˵á˵áҲ͹Իҩˡһܹ˵ı顣
ҸոdСС𣿡صҲô𣿡
ҵܽСһǱ͵ȥˡ￴һԱĬĬԱdɵһЦôоôС
ãС
š
С
š
С
Ťͷһ˵أЦõ
С𣿡


81 
غڽϹ˰, Ҫ˵Ȼȥˡ
ͷˣٿͷҪˡضԲϻͷd
dźЦˣȡЦҲһҲա
þáþûˡ
ÿˡЦ
ţ
dӦ, Ȼɫһ絽ǰ, ͦš
Ӵ
һСҩ̵ײdţײʲôʯƵ, ײ˵һԼײˡ
ҩ߳һѧͽȵˣ˵˲ҪǲҪ
, ٿ, 䲻Ҫ͹ˣ
ǿ𣡡ѧͽնǾͱˣ
ѧͽԥתҩ, ֻʣһյվԭء
ת, ŷбһֻСèҲ֪Ϊʲô, Сè㶼, Сè, һ˫ں͸Ͱءͷһ԰ԲĶë׵ģɰˡ
⡭̲סڵ, ô֫ˣ
ôУҪ˭˵ȥӸ˵, Ŀ䵽ʵϺõĲϣ۾һСè˹, Ҫϲ, ȥһԺɣ
dɫǰһվ, غһ
̧ͷ, 㬵һ
Ҫèȥȥҩôèأغ
èҩôèˣһתֱ׳èèèèǶҩҩûʶˣ
뺦ؼ
ⲻûû취ôӳûòֻèҲÿһԺ㻨СǮȥɣ
èһԺ˵ػͷ
ȻҪһֻèһԺֻӻСè̫ڹֻаŵĲ˹è
ŹˣһֻСèԼ飬Ӧ㲻ϴִŰɣ
˵Լʵ٣
࣬࣡ӵӾ
ֻһֻͨĻèҲô󣿡üֲȥ
ɲͨĻèǡǳСèƷ֣أ
һɣھʱûƷ֡
ӣ¡Ϊ˸㵽ֻСèҲǷ˲ٹ֣ûˡҪǼˣôԵҵĻѣ
ȥɣҿ˭Ứè
̧ǰߣ˼뿪ˣ治㲻ҾȥЩҽˣ˵СèƤѪͷ
вңת
dһ½󣬽ǽڡظһصĻ
вң
ҡĸҡᣬᡭ˫أֻܻҡͷ
رûϣdϣû뵽ڲδͨ¾ϵˮǳ·ĹѪ
ƽʱ͵ʲô
һвҲûãҵȷֻСèӣûеġ
ûСdݺݵ
ǡܸ١սսɨdضˡ
һӣ£ȥ๫Ҳ
һӰӣΪ׽ֻè滨˺ܶǮɽèҰԵģȹˣһԺ׼û
ش˵๫Ǹ֮ˣèèһ˵ġ
һˣdʮ㣬ŵһ¡
㣬㣬ҵù
ٶˡһ·תߵļơоˡ
Ͷе
ǿѹϲãͳӵݸӣеСè
Ҫ⿪èϵӷҧһڵСӻЩɿĺáһ
һʲô
ûûʲô
ֹתһˡ
Ǹˡ
⿪Сè֫ϵպۣСèһ۾ɵཱུķ˿˾ᡣ
ĺأèǼģԲģĶ䡣
Сèһָƶ
ԽԽϲСèĺԺߡȥ·ϣַһѱĻѻǸձ˴γ·ߣÿĻ϶һɫԲλ
شδĻΪأҿ²dѴ滨
ûж̣ⶹɫ滨ҲǿԵġŻȥҪʲôطŲȸԾ
ջܶ࣬ʮ죬ֻǲ֪ΪΣСèĺԺʱ·ŮСȴ׷¶ֱ顣
Ҳ˲ϲèɡ
ܿΪǵĹȷӦҵɣôͣڼèҲܺˡ
˲ϲè
˳ؽһɫ԰׵ŮԸȥһһЩĵӣΪպСè˯ĵط

ŮƵ뿪ˡ
һֻèˣô
ɻؿԺչ֫Сè֣Сèŷʺ÷ƣ˹
ļˣиֲСذ
⸱̫ɰˣ̲סԴϲ˲䣬Сèòʱϵۡ
ǼȡĴͳͽСڤ˼Σһͽɣ
Сèգ۾ִֿɰ
ģһֵģظ߸˵֪ǰҲһֻèаţĸ硭Ҫгһգܼһͺˡ
Ŭĸ飬һҧгݵѺû档
ءǲǲˣ
վ£ɫؿɫŹ֣⣬ƺһ˿־塣
־壿ؾԼˣƨˣ˿Ҳ¡
Īʲôˣز˵
£ضͣ໣໣໡
һѽ̽ǵͣôͱè̫һǲɤˣ
̧ͷ͸
ĿɱˣغԼ˿Ѿɱ˵Ŀᴩ
㡭ġʹＷ
ô£ҲҪˣ
ȷŭ
ʲôŭͷϴ£ĸһԵõܹԵġ
׽ӵɫɻһҪʹȥ
㵽ôˣʶЩԣôֵֹģ
ҧһһٵ
ϻأֻӻ㲻֪𣿡
ʲôϻǳСè
ͺ޲ðƯԴժ浽װʲô
ҪǵĻܾˣҲվһǸ˿֪ԼΣգȻڻͷȥ
Լ̫ãںͷع
ȭͷҲ֪봸ضһЩǴĻӶһЩ
ءٱССˡ


82 
ͷѾ, Ҳûֻϻӡ
ʲôϻٻңϼϻģص, ϵϻͷһ֣ûС
ڷǰ, мһ켦ι顣
̻¶Ƥ, ϣһ, һҧļ⡣
㿴ôɰ, ôϻأļɫݡ
šdͦãͷСèͨһȦ, ݺҪöأ
, ޲ôȥɽҸϻ, ϻӾǲǺﱧһ
ǸĻӴԼע⵽Ŀ, ſδĻڣƸһ
Ƿʱ°ͷŵӵķԴϲ˲䣬һһ˺ܶŰˡ
ͣ, һ㶼𣿡
ʲô̧ͷ, ãȻؿƬ̺, Ȼ۾һ, ȷʵһֵͦģ
˵˵, ʲôط֣ùĿ⿴
ĽôѼƵ, һһ£˵Ѽתء˷ܵӻӵ°, ô˵, עǼҵһӣ
飿˭
ؾﻢӣ߸˵Ҹȡ飬ɣͣdȵ飬һһˣ
ͣǲѼתҲ֪ת
ôأֱңҲˣ
ͺ˵ֻͨת˼·ضĻӡ
ûĻӣʱӦòвиעʱ͵ȣǡ˼ǣ˯ʱı⻢ӳ䣬ǹ˶£ҪһСģĸɽҲ
ͣѼƨˣ
ͻعһۣӻûأл𣿡
㻰ءص֪𣿡
ûСҲػĻӳֱһȥ˷ſŶӣ⽶룬ϴû𴲡
绹ȥ𣿡
ȥϴôȥ͵Ҫ˸˵ֻӻڻڷſء
ͻµʱһССܲһ䣬ٵү
һʲôүӻأ
С㶣̽⡭ү
ˣʲô£˵Ͳͷ
ˣ˵֪ǰȥۡ
վûͣĵؿػĻӡַŽߵʱǧ˯ˡ
֪ˣȥɣ
ǷһûĻȥȤȻضŻĻӡ
ҧҧתͷԸߵˣҪһָͷӾԴ
ŮС˺Ӧ
ʹ߳ĺԺ֪ǣһƥͣſڡ
Щô˾õȡɡ
߿µʣ˫һУݣ
֪æһƥ߱Ǳ׷ϡ
һյʱһ߽׵Ĵ̤ǰͣƥǰǣСˣͺſڵȵϡ
һͷʮվſڣ̨׺Цеҽܵ˲ţƣǷܼҡү鷿Ⱥλɡ
ԷЦУȵЦС
Ƹ羹Ȼֻǹܼ𣿸ոէһһΪļҵүǰݷ֪أ
ˡƹܼǫҡͷȴλͣλȵֵˣ˭û
Ƹ磬ȵҴ͡ȵûҶ磬СʱջԴ֪ǰ˵ЩʲôĻԾû
´ҪүϲšǲϲǶ磬´Ȼټˡ
Ƹ˵ǣǷߵˣԺҪˣȵЦݵĹܼҵ֣Ǹлȴһĺɰ
ƹܼҵ˵ЦŨҲ֪㡪֪϶ϲġ
һο̲ʻ棬ͨ͸̵ȺͶڿ鷿Ĵš
鷿󣬻ϽȥܼԺƬ̣Ƚ鷿һᶼû
һڼĶͷϴ֪Ϊ
ΪֺԲȥ٣óĸ̡ŽɫĽ³ͷɫ޺ϣһճ
ͺȵ
ɡΪʾ鷿Ĳĵ
ŮǰΪȲ衣
˭ͣΪ͵
ǡ͵
ȵЦŵȵˡ
Ϊ첱ӣһѵŮժһƤ뷶ΪſĿС
ǲֵôôһˣΪͶˣѣ
ˣûҶ磬СջԴ˵ѡǸһˣ˵Ǵ˲ģڼˡȵЦ˰
ˣټɵӣҲȱһΪ޺ֱ壬ӻֵǳѣǱģء
Ů˹ͺȵһ
ζΪ˵ĿĿ϶ֻΪҫѡ
ȻΪһڽ⡣
֪ͬǰΪһԵӲô㰲ŵģ
ȵҪ˵Ľż⡣
ʲôˣʹֵշľԸԸ֪¡ɣܱȲпɽ֪£ȸӶˣʹӦϴ񻹲֪ʲôġշġ
Ϊ˿ȡ
֪ͬ˵ƽģҲ֪ƽʲôġдҿдҲСҺֵˣҲ㣬ͽеˡ
ǱѰҵ˰ΪǺЦٻƷ֪£ŷ֪ͬѧϰһʱ䣬㴩ϹٷΣ
͵ʳʲô٣ˣˡͰ֣ɵֵ˲дϢֻҪзԣǮˡ
ҪǲԸ٣ֻȥƽλˡ
ʲôУھǵϴˡǶķԸͲΪ
ΪЦˣƽ˰µеģ̫ˣҪһֺ˸ʬҰĽ֣
ȵ֪ģ׻˵ĺãƤǸϳһȫģ
̸ϣеСˡʱ֣֥СҲΪ˰ͷǵˣֻҪܸɣҪģһٲˡ
лˣȵ
Ҳ˸Ҿ
ΪŮкһѣȥɣ˸ôƽġ
˸ˣ߳鷿
鷿ſڵƹܼӭͶλȥ
ȵЦͷƸˡ
ƹܼЦ߯ôүûΪǰɣ
֪ƽ׽ˣƿʣôΪǣȵʡ
ǰ͵ͷͣҲûϵ˾Ȼһûйǻƽ¡
Ҫǻ˱ˣûˡ
Ļֵõڣܸ֪ү
һһͣԽ˵Խп
үΪ˺ƣԲűƽǵȶ·ϡλҲΪˡүģҪ֪ͼʿſƥ䰡ƹܼҵ
Ƹ⻰ʡǸһṼ֪˵ڴȵ֣ع֡
ƹܼҰ͵ſڣЦǺǵҾͲԶˣүﻹһػ
ҵƸ磬롪ȵ
ƹܼ˸Ҿת˸ڡ
˵ľЩˡ
鷿ڣƹܼҹСĽתֵһ·ϵĽ̸
˵ֵҲǸͨӡҲڵЩˡΪ޺ϣſͣס˴òŮµѡ֮ͥ߿ˡ
֪ͬһˣүʶ㣬֪أƹܼ
ֱȷʵƽ֣ÿҲ֮ͥһӡ
ү߼
ҪǣΪӴվһߵŮ֣ӹյһڣֵˣȥȷʵǷ֮ͥˡ
Ц֮ⷽͥҵģ˵˵ݵǱ
ȻүƹܼҺµصͷֺõֻһСС֪ͬݵţ
Ϊ鲻ãһѴǰĲյ
ˣȥ
Ů͹ܼһͬӦ˳鷿


83 
ذѼ滨˺԰ļɽ¡
ֵ, ԸСԻʱԻĺ·ģɫŹ֡
֪ʲô𣿡̵Ůʵ, ǰûصĻë, ɫҲɰĻ, ôһûأ
ūҲ̫Ůɫ㡣
֪𣿡ʶڵϵСˡ
ԻС˺Сļ͵ģЩݲݵҲǺ˽⡭
֪Ҳûϵ, ӽ, ļˡúչ׳ɳ
˲Ҫ, Ҫ
ؿ, Ӧֲ, ҪҪչĵķ, ٸСͻˡ
ԺȥǰԺӭȥˡ
ƨˣСú, Ǽڼȴӭ, ͻ۷ƨµΪҵĸһ, ÿζù֮ӭ
Ժ̫֪ܽ, Ͷᶪƨ
ȥǰԺʱͺȵɫʲô, , Ȼж˶ԻһԿĹ̹ӵd, е, 
͵Ҵ˿ԹûУ
أ
ԹʳȱԵ׷࣬⣬ǶԽ֦Ҷ衣
ûԹġرؾ
ãվ㳢ʡ͵
Թ𣿡غ
ûԹ
볢ʣ
ǴǼġȵЦŲ廰Сվڵſк⣬Ҳ˶ŵĿꡣС÷˺ôһء
ɡؿ͵
⡣Ͱ°͵ôţҰ
ƨˣʱĺǷᡣ
زɻôǷӳô󣬶ûбģ
زò̾ܺǼ̨Ŀʳӣ⿾Ƥۣȱԭ֭ԭζְϵһǡõķΧζ׿äҲһ
Χһ߶ЩĬӦҪľͷ⣬ƽܰӺͷʱƺҲûʲô
ùϦʳǰдһⱨƽĶŷãС͵վߡ
ϣյźܿ³ķϣԭĲ
ҹ˯Ժ»ѡ
һʼƽ͵ҹ죬ٴ׹ʱֲ滨һ飬ȫ˹
滨ֲȥʱҪҪٱһҹﻹлĻ᣿
ļǵط´͵ʱһСģ֪ĶǵɱĺС
Ǹع˲ϲ鿴ƣЬҴܡ
滨ĵطһƬƵžڼɽϣϣҶϡ
ҹŮͣԸȥһյһͲ
ŮȥҵͲˣغԥؿĻ
΢¹⣬ҵ˰µ滨ѹ壬ë׵ĴԴһߵ߶£ֺϳһССΪڵꡣ
΢Ӷϣϡ
ºܿʪ͸ˣˮ˳Ľë¡
أڷʲô裿һֱֻһЩڵء
ûʱͷϽְ˫ڵ滨ͷϡ
ͲϾˣҾΪһᣡ
ģŭȵ
ҲᣬһֱܺáһᣬһᡭĿתؿػһСƬص滨
ء
ѣûңģ
ֻһУô𣬡һ洦ɼĴпĻˣ˶ûҪôͼĶбҪԼ𣿣
ϲϲĵǴл
һǿҵίӿͷû
ĵǴʲô
޵ʱ򣬺޼ֵһᱻ
αװĵĴлαװɴеĵþһϲģȻӱĽ֡
ǲҪҪڴϣץȥһȥҲ
֯ɵ졣
滨վֱӣӰԲԴҹ紵΢΢ҡΣںͷл
ôɵĻΪʲô˽أ
ֵǣҲǡ
ѵǲֻ֪·һ
ѵǲ֪һˣ޷ڿȥ
ص᲻ܿƵسۿ
Լ
ˮֵˣһҹ󣬾ͱɿεصĴ
û˽̹Ҫô
ﱰ΢ҹ¶ײײǰ
鷿͵ʷյͬʱİͷŮΨӦŮŮ䡣
ĸ͹Ů͵ѧ赸Ь˸ЬĹŮ
֪黭еĸ־Ʒ
ʼׯ˵ǫĻ£һԼˣһ롣
Ȼںڰ
ǵͷµⲿʬԼȻǱץ΢ٵһӿƷƶˣ䵽Ľֵϡ
ûûˮûϣÿ˶Դϼ̤
ĵʹлʲô
ܲѿڶ󣬺һʱֻž졣
ϵȴȻûˡ
̧ͷ۵ϵ͡
վĻУŵ˫־ۣܵڵͷµꡣ
ء˵Ҳ˭㣬㶼ˡΪңԲ㡣סҵĻѣӶҪһ顣
ܼǧصĻƫƫ⵽ϡ
ؼ䣬Ψ֮һƬ֮ء
ĵ׹䷲䣬ɵͼĴл
˶ɼ̤
һˣʰԼңػ
ȻûĻûмûвƸÿսӹߣֲͣհÿҪ󣬴ϸģᣬȴֶġ
ãҪôܲʮ֮һĶ飿
үˣͲ͵ˣŮС˼ææǿɣʣµĽū
С˴ͲУܿڴлϴһСС
أûоܾ
ȴϡģůĲֹꡣ
Ȼͣûȴյø¹£Ĳɽһ˫ҹ⡣
һ̾
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
ΪۣΪĻ
޻ϣκؾͱǣҡ
ūˮˮ͸ˬѣ³ߺʲôسһ볯һơ
Ⱥˡ
һ¾Ϳʼθκ׷ʹ򣬶Ҫ뽪
ܾʪŵͷϣĬˡ
ȲȣӹˡͶ
Һȡ
סһȺĽǿͽ
һɺĽζӿ˳̣û嵽˳
ˣ۽һŮСǰ
һ۽˶٣תֵݸ͡
һ㶣ң
š
طɿ۽´Ů˵ڶ۽ͽ
һζ嵭˽Ͳ֪ΪγһЦҲ鲻ԽЦ
һ꣬䡣
ϣҲˡ
ضŮһŸɾĽ
Ůܿհ죬ؽӹӵݸͣͷ
ֲͷ˹

ԼȻ
С
㡭
ػûŮ˵꣬;̧ͷݺݵɨһŮǣȥ
еĶ˾裬еıϴˮ׷׽Ųȼ磬ɢ
ٴγͷ
ͻƨˣӲҪ֡
û취ֻֽ
û˲òã㲻ҡ
ֲ֡졣
ذֽͷϣӲͷƤںڵһͷ
ΪĶͷ¶һλֵηﻨ壬̵һɿƿۡ
ȴ̲֮סƳͬĵط
Ǻ׳۾һƶÿɣ
غӦһ
ҲһƬô͵
壬˵ǷŮ壬ǿǴδ˵ĺ֮١̣糾˵ūӡ
֪ͲںЩĿ⡣
ɨˣʵʲô
Ѽӡһ´ȣϧһֱѼӡҸҸ׵Ļʦһ
عֽһ࣬߿µĻ
ûǸʣ£ʺѼӡ
Ҳǡ૵ֻҡޣǸӲͷǲ
һ


84 
һ¾, żͣһʱ֮಻
ⳡʱԣũһ, ȴƫƫʱں׵ܱصũ˶ð⼸Ҳ׼˼С˵ļ, ǻؼҰæա
ҼҲûʲô¿
겻ưãʼ¸ͣر粽ѳ
ͬڼĻֵܡ
ǰ, 󲿷ʱȹģٴαһĶֵ, ùѰ, ˯, ˯˳, ŵ˱ظѰ
һ磬ùʳرæˡ
Ʒ, ⿴Ƽ򵥵һ£ȴС¡
ȣԸ˽߱ãе˲ߵ, Ŵλ, Ҫְֵؽ̵
, ˽ǧ껨ó, ⲻͨյС˽Сĥɸһ˿á
, ϳ, ⻻һˮǳɫȹ, Ծߺȵ
ƨһĿæọ̈̄бڼϣ۵ȲͺȲ裬ô໨ʲôdȵ˼˯һߣһԹһģȻ˯һ֪ʲô飬۾
㲻ص
ƨᶮ䣬һյʫأ
ڲǰ˹ɢɫ֣µΪԼһյ衣
˿֮ʤ˿ٱ
һҡҷ˼ݺȥʱƮɵۣرĿյϲ㣬䲶׽泩ɾ
ļ˲ǲ죿
ƨ˵һֻտٹƨɵĴ֣˼װζ⧲ɾץ
ǽҤߣһЩû
ԣҤߣôŲյ죿
æ鿴νѷȴֻǽյڳҤʱȻµĻơ
Ȼγɵúƣط²յ
覴㻹򣿡ͳԾûһƬɫĴÿá
ԭȷ·ɾʫ黭ⱻƻøɸɾر˸Ťͷȥ
²ϵĻͼһԭ⾳
ش飬ǧŵġҹ䡷
ҹ꣬
ˮһθ·Ƶ
ⲻС
һ䣬ѱᡣ
ۼƼĻںޣ˭ͬܣ
dȻѣԺؿأڽʲô
ںߺꡣ͵
ʫʫʡ˷θȵͷҲ̧
Ҳʫһס
һݵŻ壺ɡ
ˡ
ˡ
ڶװˡ
ʲôˣҹֽħƶҹ¡
߻
ٴ

ûɡ
ҪƵ
һ˼ŤͷأʫͽСӽ꡷ɣô

µĻ
塣
ⳡøѼӶ˷ˣصĶϺѼӸ¸µĽ
ҪϦʳͳԿѼɡ
ã
ȵһͦĵؽкã鼤ඥ
ʫʫȷʡָ˷θдͬʱ㷢ǿҵıʹϧ˻ζǳ߲ţС̾硣˾ȷʵʫ˴󷢣ɩӺʫһףСӦӽ꡷Σȴպͷˣ˵̸ǧţ

ز͵ʫһųǧ꣡
ɫҰףҡͷҶۣһ
šüͷһҾ֪ģ
ȼ˲㲻㿴ֶ˰ɣ
Ϻǣ껨裡Դ˿װʲôϡԡʲô裡
Ǽĸ
ûм裡ֻмյ
ЩҲ̫ˣʲôָô֣һҲüǡ
θˣӲǰҪشɡ
͵Ҹոյġӽ꡷ǵøдҵʫ桪жʫˣ
һף硣ȵϵһס㡷һסƷϺ衷һסӽաǵסӽ꡷Ÿ߰˶ʫѧ˼Ȫӿ±ʳƪ֪֮ȻҲӰ
ȥˡⲻȥĻǸ˵ˣ̵ʵ˭ʲôʱйдд衣
˲ʰѸ˵˻ѡ
֪½ΣεŶȲ͡
뿪ʱסһ·Ů
ԿѼ

ӲӵĿѼʱ϶յͣˡɵվΥط磬¶ɾա
һƲ󣬴һϦϼ⣬ůġлؿڼɽߣĻΡ˽ᵽ˴ߣΪϵÿ˶ܸĨɶõϼ⡣
һˣˣֻ֪ãԴѵõ
óԣóԡѼѼóԡdһʵ͵ĿѼȣһİͷһұһڣæòɿ
ȵҨһ붬˴Ųæػͽ
ˣϵʳȣŵľ̳ȤֿգȻһ˿⡣
ع¶Ʒζʫ续ϼľȤ
һŴ˻ƹ˿ʹ˿ַŽպ˿ѼĴƤѼ⣬ϸµذĸСǣֵݸղֵd
dĴѾſˣſѼĴѾߣ·ȴȻðһҧ
һȥָһ
صڵغˣҲң˼Ѽͣ͵ָ
ʲô
ΪʲôҰƨ˳һ
ҡýͣһԼ
ҲԼ
ӣôԣ
⡣ֱ׳ҰҪҪ

ҪҪͱƽڵ
dȻ֪ڷһкйأͻڶʳڽѼȣʳһŴ
ԱߵȵڱЦ
ûãѾ¶ֵϲá
ظоΧҲͶŬЦĿ⡣
ĸϹú
ϵضҲҪǿ
Ҫطû
ܺá͵ͷԼλãҰġ
岻㣡
ŴרźѼƤ͹⾧Ѽ
ſѪڣһĹҵĴص
㡣
ͬʳһεģ
˯ͬһֻѼأΪϳԶ˴շת࣬ðߡ
ŲԶź˯ƽ˯գһ
Ȼƴһ㣬ˣ᳤ǧ꣡
...
...


85 
ƹ, ֻҪҵĻͷҲ·οټأ
һµ鷻ͼ˵鷻ƹռĻ㡣
κѾ, ƹ̬Ȼ
˰֣ԥ, ʱͬˡ׶ҪԲˣûǮ򻨼ģֻгǼλС, ǣͷҲ, , ҹҲҪʮ²ȥء
޷, ֻô׻뿪鷻
Ǹ, ͨ˵ԽˣмϵҺҲ֮˴롣ŸҲ˲Ƽ, ֲؿˡ
͸֪£ҪͷҲ󰤶һĿǰس˸ܵ۷, ûܵӰ졣
ͨ˼ҶҲ, ͻʱؿѼ͸֪ϴصľµġ
عǿ˷ѵĵ, ֪Ϊ˿
ûʸǴΪ
ڱ߽õʱ, ȻƽʳǮ
ϡϡ, ͥĶ·, ǲ, ֵ֡
ͨ˼ѾÿղΪһһͣǱˮнѵĶûǵ˺׼ָ
λӣʯɡкãʯһ׻ؼҰɡ
һע⣬زͣ½Ų
һϴزϸʯǰһؿϸ֣ϻһһ飬ͷҲģһ˫ڵϵָݣͰֻͣϼצӡ
ʯӣСһڹУؿῴһ۵Ļɫ
ڵȴ˹ȥʯ˼ңʯô
һӣȫ㣬԰ң
Եôʯ񣬿ϸ˱ǿڴ˫ۣܾĻôҲ˵ˡ
οһӣ̫ˡ
ؼҰɣлˡشӺɰóһԼݳؼҵѡ
Сӣл㡭л㡭̫ˡϸ˼֣ӵֲţҲӿᡣҵӺüûгԹܡл㣬л㡭
ۼϸҪߵͷæסֱۡ
ܵĲǲĺȣһƶϰһĺȡܲϸ˵ĸлΪԭҲʳ֬һӡ
ϸ˿ĵͷѵ䡣
˼ңɣҾͲʯˡص
úúãͰʯӼȥǰΪ·ɡ
˼ңöҪҪҸæ
ϸ¶ʵЦݣͿĹֻһֹʡ
лӣǲˣҼͰżũءǰʱ˵һʯˣһɳҲտ֡
ز¶Цݡϸ񵣣̲סڵϼʱ򣬰æһ¡
ϸ˵ʯ񣬸صĽŲǰȥ
СãôƵ˲ˡϸ˸п겻ׯǸգʯҲòãӻһӣʵֵճɺõʱֺĸ
ûϵҲ죬Բʲôġذο
ʹˣټϿûʲôϸһ룬Ľأͷ麹ҲԽԽࡣ
˼ңˣ·Ъһɡȥԡ
ϸ˲˰ѶͷĺЦСӲңҾ㡣
תֵһССĵ̡
ǰһˣΨһĵ޾ɵ̯ǰ˯ǰغֱֻһ㱡ۡ
ͷص
һġһۡ
ֹˡ
˭뵽ڼǰͷǮһ
شӺɰͳһĵݸ
ͭǮͷںҶݸ
ͷһŽת߻ϸ˴װӣͷϸˡ
˼ңͷҳ˰ɣҸճһڣҭ̲¡
ôУϸæͷСڳԲ£ԴؼճԣҲԴ˳ԣ̫˷
Ҵȥ˷أҼҲͷƿϸ˵֡
ǡлСˣҴؼҳԡϸСͷ
Ц˼Ҳؿҡ
װʲôأЩˣǼǮ𡣡
һصĻ
̧ͷһһɫױֱɫȹŮӳͶһۣŰͷһɣͷһɫʨӹǰ
ʨӹǰᣬȤȱȱƿ졣ԶһڵؤۼֿͷѸ֮زز
ߣԵĶȥٺģαŮӱʨӹָɣ
Լʶˣ·ϺȻҰʲô
ԷֻɳӰһˣֻᵱתˡڹһ
ǣϸ˵ۿȴˡϸɫѿǵ˫Ĵ㣬źҶֲصһֻڲȹ㷲زš
ؿȥڵǺԩ޳ʲôҲ޸ɡοԷ̣
ҵ˵𣿡Ůӳͷģιθɣ
ǵĹ·˷Ż˽Ųߵ̵Ҳ׷
ɫͷȻ޸ɡϣļⱲӶҪͷ㻹˵ĻͷҹԵĶ
ʵ۶Ѫͷʱ򣬸οͨϰգ
Ůô˵ŭ㡪
ϸ˼ңЪˣ߰ɡ
áߡϸ˻عæӡ
ŮӵصıӰһ䣺꾫
һٴȥҲȤŮӱŹˡ
ͷԶվջſڵͺȵĿọ̈̄ȵɵ޲
ȵЦ磬һΪ̲סء
Ů֮£˲ʲô͵
ȵ˫ۣȻĬĬƮһƬƣĬһ
֪˭ҵ𣿡ʡ
֪ϰһδСŮȵЦеǰգδ˵˺
˵ʲô
ϱ˴󹦵£ⱲӲȢǰò˫ȫĴˣϱⱲӲźʹֲʶżøָΪ顣
͵𣺡⻰û
⻰˴żĹȻҲˣ̳Ӵ˲
߰ɡ¿ջʯףؼʯ񡣡
Ͷ˻صĺԺϸѾжʯˣָʹ˰ʯ̧
أּʲô߽
ʯϲʯ𣿡صôʯ񣬹ҲԲָ꣬ƵķӣʯɹƷ
ˡһĻ𣿡
صֻףƹ˵ãֹ۵ż㲢
ף㲻ˣ״
̧ͷʲôʱ򲻸ˣ
ڣ˵ôɵЦˣǲ·Ϸʲô
ûСµͷȥʯ񣬡ұͲɵЦ
Ϳû˵
˰ΣȻ̧ͷĿԡ
ͣ˵һ¡
ʲô
ڳʩ𣿡


86 
ȵ˺Ժȥd, ˽ܵĿռغ͡
ؽʩĻû붬˳Բ, е׼һһסڳһϸˣڰļ۸񻹲Ǻܹ, ǿԳһǮչ˸ϸײһʩᡣĻ, ĳɱԿڰڡ
ʲôǣһѪ
ҵġسƬ, һɨ, ȷ͵˵, ҵз硣֪ݸ̵ĵӡ
а, ء˹, Դ, Դﻹװ˲õĶ
ҽҵͷؽеں˵£
ءͷ֣ʩʩ, ڡ
Ϊʲô
ʩ, ֻǳԱʩ࣬ǻ͵, ʳ֮;֮, ˵ĸأ
˼
ȻΪЮͼʩȷǺʱ, ˵ö, ʩ, ø˻
˵⣬ڻҪûı⣬ʣ¼µʱ䣬ܻ취ġͶ˶٣˵ʱԼԲϷˣĻ˼ı
͵ĻϵԼʳ˶٣
ԭϹĸԴȵ괺ҪǼϸˣʡԼһЩһҲܴպϵ졣
һô˵˰ûġ
ʡԼñʡԼðɣһֻһ١
һʯüһ¡
Ķʶü
ʲô
ϡ
ЦһʯԺ
еĶͷس׷ȥ
վס
վסҾվסǴϻǴϣ
˵ǴϵĲǴϣ
ˣ׷ҡ׷ңҾ͡
ʲô
͸ʯ񡣡

һȥʯľ׮һΪ
ټһʯĿ飬ɫ֭ˮ׮ֽȾ˿˿ɫ
ýµһˣȵȹ
øƨ
մʯ֭ĳֱӲؽʣһƨһ̴СĴʯϣֵɩҪƤƹƣÿһʯ񶼱ǳʯǳˣһ¶ûﵽı׼ġ´ǼˣֱƤУ
d׮ϵʯֱӾʯƤһ߿Уһ˵
ʯ顭
һŵſĽż⡣
飬ǲǸװ
Ǵ磬ܣΪʲôܽҡd³һʯƤίί
ӽеġûٽ飬ӡ
ͻû˵꣬ȵɫһɽ·ͷ磬ˡ
ʯͷΧˣ
һʱ䣬ԭƽɽ·ڴ˯ˣȥݴԽҲˣһȭϷҲֿˣ˶ó˽ӡ
ųӵԽԽ͵ž룬˸ơ
ȵ˵ͷ˷׷ɽ¡
ɽµĳΪͻȻֵңһžŵĺ˷
һڵػɽ£վ˳ӵǰ
λúǡӵĹ¹򶨣Ҿ
ȵȵ˵ĵطµ˳
һҭĿȫװļʮ׳ɨòת˳ӡ
һᣬһͷڽͦḁ̊́µ˳
ͣѾǵĴνҵĵˣ㵽סүû˵꣬ͱȵ˦ķɵϡ
ɵүĳϣһľ磬ػθͣүֽ־־ؿŶһˡ
ϰ壬˵Ҫġ͵㶼ûʹҵ֣ôҺأ
үЦ⣬ȴҧгݣƤճɻңҲϳΪžɽӰ°һɣ˿ˣϷ̨ӣ
̨գүƤЦⲻЦγƺ
գϰһǸƽƽ˰ˡ
ƽƽ棿үסƿڴĳ嶯άżЦʵ
̨ʲô
óոտʯĳ˵
ҽշתõһѾ
ȵŵѱԻϹŷұӵд˵ɺɽĪҲӣϰ´˵ҲصС֮ͽֻҪ·ٵˣϰ˭ߵͷͰݣֱͬУ
үһѶӵʳϵļЦ춵סˡ
һƽ˾Ķķ˻\"
˭˵׼͵ϰ岻¸·˵ͻˡ
ү
˵һɣ
⻰Ƥֱ׳δ˺޳֮˵ү̲סˡ
ѹŭǲ糨촰˵֪˭Ҳ֪˭ҾʣϷ򾿾㣿һר޶ëҲô޶ϷǺ֪нģͲ·˹𣿡
ûд𻰣Цһĵ
ЦʲôѵϷĻܿЦ𣿡үϷ֪㱳˭Բһã㲽ƣѵϷ򵽷ǰ𣿣
ͻû˵ĵ̧̧°ͣʾԱߵȵڡ
ȵϰ壬ڿǺ֪һѲΪ⣬Ƿģ
үһΪɫ
ǰƶȻˣǿװ򶨵Ȼǡǹ٣ǡ֣˵ˡ
Ϸ˼ֻǡݵ⣬ҲҪ֪᷶ˣġ
ϰ⻰˵ìܣҪйٸӣ͸ͨ˴Ĵ·ôߵƫƧɽ·ˣ͵
үЩ˸
ҪڹٵһδҽڿĻֹȥŷɽԽС
СҲûƤ
Ϸ¡үΣձҵɻϷµ·Ϊô˳
ϰȻˬ죡͵ǻϰȥ
һ½ӹȥ
˶ɽ
Էߵүǰݳ˳
㻹û˵ѽҪӣү͵
Ҫӣ޼֮Ȼ͵λүһҵԵˣֻҪһѾˡ
һ
ǿеĳӣƲӣʳǸյʱÿһ׿ɶӡ
үѵκƱǿסѪĳ嶯ӹǰ˵̧ͭٵ
ǣ
ӷˣհ죬ºͼ˶󣬽һӶж˳ȥ
ڿԸңΪϷ·˳ԭ˰ɣү
˼Ķ󣬵ɵ
ϰˬҲҴˡ֪ԭ򣬾ͻȥ飬Ĺûеﲻõ˰ɡߡ
һ£ʮ˸ĽŲɵسˡڶߵģ/׼ӣųӵһһ
һʧкүγ˽ĳ
⡭¿Žϵʺʧɫ
Ѹɱ˵Ľңⲻһξʲô
үѽؽʣɫס
ˣ
Сڡ
سǣϷŮȹϷҪʣʲô


87 
, رࡣ
ؽ˯󣬲СŰݷá
п, ôңؾȵ
żĹǱŷϢġŮͷص
زǵԼʲô飬ŹǺηʥܲѪİɣ
ɻ, ºǰԺݣڷϾõȶʱġĹվ
ⲻǡ
زס
µصŮվ, ˫Ȳ鲻Ըطɿ䡣
ˡǿջЦ, СŮϴζе֮, صص˺, ԭһء
رһɶͷԣϴηֺôһ, ˾ʹˣ
ɻɻ, еڲʧ
ǰȲ, ַԸģĹ
ǰڹʱǴ̫, ССһ̻֮Ů, Ȼڻ¡һᣬĹȳס, żɽ, ˣд, һɣҪǻԭ, ҵҵȵģ
ΪҪȣѹ¾, һ׷ʵ
ˣҶ˳ˣ㻹֪ʲôĹɫѿ֪ͣѳĽͨҪ̵ĳ˭ǣҪȾ๫֡๫ͷ˭ĳƽƽǣ
֪ÿʲô
ѳĽͨҪȷһΡû뵽ƨ˻ĵ֪أԭΪԴأ
ǹ£ӦȥͲŶԣص
ĹҧҧߵŮȥѳϵ
Ĺʹáػδ䣬ŮѾ첽˳ȥ
ˣ˲˵ϴ۲ʶ̩ɽüҶۡ˴д˴ˣһأҲһؼҺú͵ɣĹ
һ
Ĺ˼ǣΪ֮ĽеĳӲŻڽʱ裿
·ϷСͻôͶȥ
뿪ŮˣŲʱࡣ˫ֻһ״ɻ裬ֵģһĶĵ
ĵ¡Ĺٴһ
⡭
ˣˣ
ĹҧϹȥæһѽɿ˶̡ĹظȲظ뿪ˡ
ȻĹĵĪƽ׵һĵػǺܸ˵ġ
СˣһõطڴлԱߣϲؿС˽£̴ָһʹлһģһ
ĵ󣬲ܺʹлһ¶̫ʱҪǵðµ͵ʱҲҪڡ˭ֹĵʡ
Ƭ̺һӾ֣ҡڼֹˡ
ˣصԺרŹԣҸʱ䣬ȥһŸһǸ԰ӵˣԻʲôҪעĵط
żеͷ˼ңǸϵĻũȻʲô⺺زƷȥ뻨ũֻͶȡɵİ취ˡ
ĹﶼˣƨǻвСȥŸԹȡӦ׾ٰɣ
ʱ֣Ϧ䵽ƽϣ;ʹܵܺһֻնˡ
ؿնʱ̲סԹҶǻǮôȥĵռ
ӲŲȥĺڵ꣡͵ֵ̧ÿζСļҷ˲ã
ǻΪǰ˴¡ص
һۺ˹ͻá
ÿֵʱͻᡭ
ҪҪ
Ȼ
նζҲ
صӳ¶ȣֱƨ˵졣
Ե⡣ٷŵƨ
ȵɩ۴磡ܵ
ﺬŶȣһ̵ı飬ҲǶϣ֪ӵһҪ
ĬĬ
յѼЩ
żнûУʡ
ĹæİݷúͶĵ˵ˡ
Ȼֻһݣüͷһ壬ӻûܹѵ
̲ͨĲݣؽ͵ĵҲǰéƷ֣裬ɫͳƶܲսǰľǣ߼ۣ
Ҳ٣ֲֲܳãݾǲݡϲ
ص˵ͷ
Ǿ°ɡ͵
ֻצӰȹصͷһͰ͵ؿ໣
һƤ⣬˺ȥεĶƤ󣬽ι顣
һڱȥ
صҪһѽⱿ
Զⲻýʱ򣬻ġ͵
δţƨȥ
Ͱѿй˵ĶȹӸµĻӣˣ꣬½ɹ̽˶ӡ
ûء˭ҵèܽͷ
նĹͷˣͷʲôֵģë׵ԴְֵԲĶ䣬ǲǣ飿
໣໣
ͺ޲ðĿĴϸץȥϻµĻǲǺ챧ȥġСèһ
ϣ㲻ⳤСèñסˮӻ𣿡
ضķԴȷʵϸ˵˲١
ģǾƷ֣ġӲˣǼҳԵöá
˰ɣ硣ȵɩϲ¾ǣҲǶһſڵ¡
ԺʮͶ󡣡
ȵ˸ӣ̯̯֡
ҳˡ
ر飬ֳ
⻢ӲصıӰ
ɩӻĵġȵ
ջĿ⣬ϵľյһ
ڹٵϮ̶ˣ͵
ȵĬԡ
ûûdϻɽҧˣ
ǰûֹֻϻһҺӵġ͵
ⲻһȵҲǳɽɽζ
һɨȥȵ졣
ֻǸͳ뾡ߡ
ɩô۰ôߣȵ˵
лġ

Ժݣһ飬ϳü
͵˵ʱƣŲɣ˵ЩǶûȥ
ȵֻһ˵ʱؾľᡣ
ϻйص飬ͼϺǰձϣôҲͻ
Ҫǣ˵ϻͷиûа
ذĶͷ쿴ȥôҲƴ֡
鰡飬㺦ˣ㵽ǲǳСèؿɥķʶƤ
һɣŶƤԹ/
ǿɰСè䣬ôǳ˵Ķأ
ٳԵ㣬Ҫˣ֡ˡزΡΡ׳֫
˸ԲĶһһ໡
飬ǡ
ɰˣ
ر飬鲻Խذ˲䡣
ͷ°͡
Ӧңˣ𣿡Ͽҵغ
໡
Ӧң𣿡
໡
Ӧңͽ
໡
˰Ƥϵ⡣
໣﷭ֽһ
ȻˣǾʹ𡪡ûϦʳˡ
..


88 
ļ, ؼĽʳԼշɳƿ
ۿǴÿպͻӡ, ڣȵӰԺɹ̫Ķĵеϡãһŭ֮¹˽պ֪Ļˡ
ȵȡ¾ҵ˨, dסƿţһסҪżӳĻӣĺ󾱣һ
ιءôôأ
ֵذѻӽ, ﻹһֻһʱ, Ӧòڡ
, ȥɡȵ
Ҳ㡭d
ҺŪһ͵, ҰȥɽϾͻɩҪ, ˵ȥˡ
, , ع뿪ĺԺ
һߣǼ, һۿͷš
ﲻ, Ŵ, м䶼͸¶˾е뽿, ٵ˶һ֮, һͷغį
żģɺ«СƺװŰзɾƣ¾ɢҽҿǣǿǣŵľ㡣
ͶȻϲ
Ҳû;͸͡
оƻؾؼʱһ±㣬ͻؼңһǳˡ
ֻϣҪһˣٷһƪ˵
յţغﶼܿģ⿪֮Уִһ۷ǵⲻֹǲУݵͷҲ
ʳȱƺڽһӡ
֮ǰһҪʡŵʳȥľȥ򣬲ҪĴƼҸоسʱ
һһӦ£ʳ
ǼԵģôû󷽵ҪûˣҼͣ˽ƻúܣ˵ⲻ㷹ԣҼ䷹
ؿЦãġ
ʩﲻһ
ظ;±ʳͣŹ̨Ͽյ޾ɵĵңƹ񣬻±𣿡
ƹ̧ۣĺɰ±һ
а𣿡
ƹû˵ֱ˵̺ԺûһᣬúҶһ±ˡƹĬվڹ̨ǰĿ˵һȥϵͱ롣
ƹΪʲô±ʳڹˣʡ
ƹԼ±
컯֮Ҳ˸سԾ
ƹ̧ۿһۣ˶Ҫˣʲôɲ£
Ѷˡ
ٸӦ֮ߣ̲ס
ʲôӦ֮ߣƹ񼥷ʣȥͻȥ¡ͷɴñүǰյ
Ѱһϸϵúݸء
ٹͲˣҲ±ˡ
ش󾪣Ϊʲô
ûкʵˡƹҡҡͷ̾˿ȥ̿һƤͷˡ
ͳ뿪±ʳ̡һ·ˣƼݣĿľһϸڵͰǰǵ߸ĺҶƶС׷ֵܹ׷С߬Űĺ
İء
صĺԺڵӿʱżȻһӴٷۣΪ˼һ
ɣǷڸ£˴Ϊүȥһ˷
Ϊ˼һ£ѿڶ
Ϊ۲ؿһۣӦǡ
»бȼĸҪ
ѹŭ⣬Ϳһۡ
صң±;ƺݸӭ˵Ůү󣬰Ѿϣ˶˳
߽Ժȥѹؽյųߵǰȵdʹһͷ˳
ɩӡȵʲôʱģ
صִ˨Ϸȥ
Ҹջأ
类ȥʳֻˡ
ȥ˷سԾʲôʱȥģ
ȵƺĺɣ˶٣ģʱҲǵˣЩʱˡɩҪҴ磿
ȵ˵ȥ˷ողſ֪ˡ
ûȥȥ
𲻺õԤУȻ˨͵ش˾ҵš
ɩӡȵĺ仰ؿյľҺȥ
ͷټˡ
ȥĶˣ߳ңŭĿˡ
ɩӡ
ңȥĶˣ
ȵŭĿӵأĬΣ˵ͻûصĵطˡ
תߣ
һȥɽϣ
ɩӣ㲻֪ȥóȻȵ׷˳
û˵꣬ͿһſˣСŮ㿴๫ȥ𣿡
СŮƽʱûõʳЦذһָҲͳ͵١
ȥţұȥţֻɽ֣Ҫ飬ֻطʡСŮȻָߣ϶ȥǶɽ
ȷ򣬺ԥŶȥ
ȵdȵ֪Ȱһظߡ
شһؿ͵ţȵdȵ˵ĳǮţֱɽ
ɩӣҲΪáȵʼޣԣߵ⡣οʳȱԼˣԽԽ࣬һ졣
û˵ȵţڶͣ£س˵ļʱŵ
֪
ֻ֪Сèп˵ϻӡ
֪һջֱ
ֻ֪ΪһһβѵķֱѹʣĸסźҲס
زеĴܡ
ֵܣǷҲзһ죿ȥʵԽڼȿտһֻè
ֻҪһ뵽ֿܣؾ;ؿƵûţֻĴ֣קĺ³
ֻ뿴һۡ૵
ţʻţɽ½˷ȹǣԸɽ·ȵdֵܸdҪץɽȥȵһˮ
ɽ޶ͺˣ㻹ɽë綼ʣˡ
ɽ·һΣȻӰɽ˵󲻴˵СС飬ѡʱвҩ˺˳ûǰɽרŢСѰңȻҵһʵЬӡ
ȵ˰ΣͷǴЬӴС
˳Žӡȥ
һƬҶ顣
յ֮УһֻߴŲĽƣϢظǵĽŲ


89 
Ģܳ𣿡
dһű̦Ĵ, Сذγһʺİɫɡ
ܳԣǳ˻ɡȵ
dɥİĢ
һ·ͷҶŢϼѰ͵Ьӡô, Ьӡûˣ˻ûƼ̲סʣ͵ʲôطȥˣ
»Ӵˣ϶ҪɽȥġȵǼ߿ɡ
ĹãȻ, ŷſһ͡
صڼžɽӦ
ɩӣ߰ɡȵ
ظĽŲ˼ɽȥ
ʧ㼣, ̲ס᲻ᡭɽʲôҰˣ
ôҲܷ׻ȵһƬˮǰ, ͷҲ̧, ɩӣʲô
˹ȥ, ƽƽĻˮ
ʲô
ϸȵ
ϸˣӳˮһƲһ, ǲ֪ȵʲô
, Ҳ
ȵd, һں޶֮ˮǰdһҲȵǿĶ, һ˵ˮݺ͵ӰȺü, ȵ񶨡
׿ʲô㣿dץ, ÷Ƣ
Ҫ濴, ϸ, ʲôû֣һΪ㿴òϸȵƶ
һɵؿdòϸȷȷʵʵϸѽ
ˮʲôûа
˫۾ֱֱſһˮ󱳺޷ضɽ֡
һֻڻ䣬֫׳ĵ󻢴ӳ߳繳צֺ̳⣬ƼӲβ󣬼Ŀζڱϡ
ǲƭң
ô㻹û㿴ʲô
ʲôûУûоûУƭˣ
ԽԽļ¶Ƹı䣬ӣǰ֫ļʯƤëԹ𡪡
𣡡
͵Ծ޷
磬ɽˣȵһȣػعǰһѰסͷ߷ȥ
ɽdһ𣬱ܵسź󱳻ӳһȭ
صڵأĿؿһȭʵʵڴ󻢷Ļͷϡ
˵һ󻢱ƷȥƲһڽһôϡ
ڵ棬Ѹվ𣬳˫ȭdŭĿŭ
Хɫ԰ףdϽܣdѾ۷⣬ȭͷȥ
ɽɽ
ܷ鷢ˡ
ش͵ؿһֿȭӭӿ񱩵Ĵ󻢣ϻһж֪˻צ·Ŀ·
һצdȥʱԹ۵ضιȥˣdȴȻ壬ͽȥ
ؼǣסˣ
˴һdסϻĳצӣ˦һԵɣ
һ
һ˺ϱĴӦϣϻһ˵ϣ
Լ
dؿڴһȰĴţϻϣ˻ûعĻͷ˼ȭͷȥϻûܻˡ
һͽֿϵdµĴ
dŴ˳ذû˺Ĵ󻢸ϻضǰԼԣԣҳԣܳԣ
ȵߵǰƿĴʬ壬˿¸˺۵Ǽ˱ˣϻԭˡ
ػڵϣһʼûع񣬺ǲҶؿϻܣַͨˡٲ¡
ǿϻʬ壬ؾͻӲá
㡭ʲôʱֵģͰ͵
ǲáȵֻϻǽƻһֱ͵ϮҾ͸ɴⷨ
Ҵģdһɫٴǿ
ǰŵû궼ˣڸϻôġdϿȥûУ
ûУûСdҡҡͷΪǿзߡ
ȵЦûǮʱʲôɽǻƤһͷϻˣһ˾Ӧ
һͷϻզ࣬
ıȵɩӡȵЦеӺʹ˶ɩӵģɩӲˡ
ز˼ЦЦ
ȵ֣кȻһҶĻ
֣ǱصأüХΪ·աô
أԼŴӵվһѡ
鲻Ǳڼ𣿡Ϳܵܡ
򻢵ĵܵܺͿӻĵܵܲԼͬ鴹ͷ
вǣվʳ˵۾һɣջ𱸵ߣڨڨʲôʱвˡ
͵͵黹˵һĶص㲻Ѿ˰ɣ
֧֧ᣬһǱ˵ˡ
صˣôҾͰˣһ涼ûš
æҵӸ᣺ֿޣģҲû𣿡
㲻ңҷ鲻ˣһǻİίÿҹﶼ˯ſڣˣ˭˯ſڱҰ
ؿǻ໴޵ǰףۼֿͰˡ
ˮɵ۾ίͰ͵ؿ
ҪèҸֻĻèͱˡ߽µϻʬ壬ҲֻèҰƤвУ
С³ҭ
ҪôУʡ
ˡس˵˯Ĵе䡭
УظҸɵӣ
Լֹᣬ᣺ⲻ˰ɣ
ͺȵɿһۣԼͬǡ
ɻˣôôĬ
ȵЦҺʹ粻ֵʤֵܣĬ
磬ҴģԼdŻͷ
ϻɽľ
мdҲһĵض˵
͵ǰһֻϻͳֻûļ
d죬Щ͵ˮóԡóԡ
磬ҺͶȰϻɽɡȵ
ȥ͡͵֮ͥʹ򻢣ûܵӡƤǵøҪҲҪҪʮ
֪ˡȵЦ
ȵdϻʬʱشŵӰæһѣϻô˵Ҳٽǰ֫ļֱصĴȻ׳˵ʬ壬Żǲľս
dȻֿܳȭһֻϻҪûǰ˵ʲôҲţ
Ҫǵȥ٣Ȼǰ϶״Ԫ˵ýѾӻڲˣĻһֻϻˮأ
زΪеѹ
ɵʲô˶ˡǰ˻ӣûվǰ㲻ҿˣӲÿ𣿡
ƨˡ
˵ΥĲΥģ˵ԸֲԸ˵Ĵ𰸣ÿÿ
ʲô
ܴȥĵط𣿡˵ڵء
ų㣿͵
ʹȥɣǰ򸸻ĸϰ߷鲻ԽץҡҶûй͵飬ʹȥɣ
Ͷץ֣ʮûdռʱļƷ˳ȥ
װģؿһ
Ȼôˡɡ
.
....................................................
..................................


90 
ɽ·᫲ƽ, ι״ʯͷӵͻѵ·
ͻͷһۣס֡
ģ޼ط˴¡صڵشڸˡȴлҹ, Ҳǣ, ʱºڷ, ޵ͷۻʲô컯, ѵòѡ
еڶǣе֣صлнŲ, ȴΨûзпܡûüϸԭ, ӵطӦˡ
һץǱӵ֣, ͷһۣҪǺɢ, ҹֻιϹˡ
رһ, ֲҶˡ
͵һסֵʱҹԼŵò, ʪܺȺʲôûܵ͵ڶǣûû£صĳȵһλ
Ӳ֪ԭӵһֻ־ܽȫԭӵ, Ż¯
ؽӴĹŮ޹ǵֽȻͬ, ͵, ƻָ, ˵ĸܶǿңһֲڵɿһɽ
һ֣ǲǴӾˣУѾһûԱĵˣ
ΪƽϢҵԼֻĵܡֻĵܡ
֪ôɵ𣿡ͺȻ
ʱ֮Ժѿڶ룡
ӤͷһԻΪӡ͵Իʮ겻ɽǣʬûһԻȴԳݵһһԻļҵסԻ󲻵꣬һγ޴ɹĹ¶
سճţĶΪdˡ
סѼѼʳҡ֮һֱһһؤһԹȷǹһĵԸȣ˶һãܼ꣬˭ȴվɾ
ٰͣΣ¶һĨЦ⣬Цһܿɢˡ
һ궬졭ر䣬ÿ춼ֶؤǽֱߣͷҲ⡣ʱˣһʼֻΪܶԵʣֱҿʱȳѪ֪ԼȾߡ´ȾѼȺͷǿܵһɽû뵽ұȫǵĵ׷˹
ǵˡÿµ侲˵ðΣչңҳԵģүү̵ƫιңЩҵؤ˹Żҡһ˶ʮһѾʮؤöʯԴ
ǸǡҵɽߣҡҡλߵӱߣñĺˮϴͷѪȻװ·ӣЦŸңв˰ӳԡ
Խ˵ԽͣԽԽࡣ
ϣǷֳ˰ȳ˳ˮĲ˰ӡǿҡһֱֻΪҡһֱˡԸԼԸԼˣԸԼҲҪӻߡ˵Ҳ
ϣЦź˵죬䲻䣬˵ԼȣҪ·ѸҸǡǵڶ졭ͱˡ
ʱԱߡŲ֪Ķ裬ŵһʯӡʯͺȻͣ
˵ȥˣɫᣬĿնֱǰ
Ȼǰdʱ
֪͡˵ʲôҺãûԼڴ˿һǴ
ûпս֣ڴϼȡ¶Ⱥع˲ϺϲʣҲס֡
ʯǰЦǶֵ˶ϡʲôʯư˵
һ˵ˣԸİӡ
صѾ۱ߣʱܶ
ҪΰοͲźãҪβܴݸͬܵıˣ
ÿʱؾԼȵ
ָ̧Ĩȥ۽ǵˮؿQ۵͹ˡ
׾ٿġ
Ӷȥˣδֻкӡ˵ĸڲһ𡣡
ս֣ǰȥ
Ҳѵ˼
ˣԶһжð̲ס˵
֪仰жô档
ˣرзֱһա
ʱ벻룬Ƕֿͻܺܵһȴֻܻص¶ѧŶһ˰ʱ⡣
ʱ̻δȴѾˡ
ҲԶͳϵĻشİˡ
Ϊʲô
Լ롣
벻
롣
ͲֱӸ𣿡
ܡһۣ˵һҪԼͨ˸ߵģûá
Сֹ
Ҫ˵һ֦ѵɫͻ䡣
佫춯ķͬʱɿĶ̵
֦ҶïУһ˫۾¶˳ǻƺƤëץ۴ĿĵڻϣѪѾɺԡ
һֻǰҪС࣬߹ѾʮԵĸϻ˳
⶯ǿףͷ­СתƺڿбʲôζȻĿϣ׵طһŭ
ܣ͵һѡ
ؾ֮˼˳͵Ļ
ûд͵ĽŲ
ȻعִԴӳͲӰһŭĻХϢȴ׽͵
ߣǻͷ
ػ䣬ָⶼڲȴҧҧԼȥ
Ͳdܾô뿪
ûһᣬͿݵϻ֮͡ͲdĹ˵ϻҲԳж̵̫̣ϻ·ľ£ͺܿԳƣĶ̵Ҳһצķɳȥ
ǰֻϻȲǰֻԴ࣬¶ʱһĻХ
ϻԶضĤʹǰ͡
һתۣٻ;ͱֻĻצˡ
ۿǵſˮļݾҪͲӶȥشһƬհףҲسȥ
أˣ
ſվצʱҲûôŵȻò԰ס
ǸһĤģģ
˱ģ˱ģôϻʱȴһֱ۴̵ֵ֦ݶϴȥ
߿źµĿǻ
֦ȴһ½һ´ϻϣͷϡ
֦ϻ۾ʹŭһɿµͣѪڳ
أɫ䡣
̵ڲԶȥѾһ˵ȻŴأһ£ú󱳶ŷŭĶ
ʱûô
ôƬ̣ؼٵصΪͬһ˫գҲգᶨ侲ؿ
ԤеĹû
һƹѼУֲ໻ǸµССֹĸϻĹ
ϻضˣתȥ
˦ֻצӣһҡһڵش˳
ֻϻϣĸϻͷᶥײ鷽ԴʺͷͷԲֻ䡣
ĸϻ໽˹
飡֣Ҫӵ뻳ĸϻһͳֻë׵ͷ
໣
飬˭ʶ𣿡
໣໣໣ǰת
ĸϻһԻţϾȻ˵غͻӽͶ֪˵񾭴ִãϸá
Ҳԣɱȴ֦ϻĴϣʲôģ
ףҲ֪ϴǼ໽ʲô̫ˣĸŮžˡ
ʵ̲סԴܰһ̣
ǹġ
ĸž۾ͺáһɷ羰ƨ¶˵
Ҳ֪ûУſĽŲܻĸϻԣͷٶؽȻ͸ĽŲ߽ïܵɽ
ֱϤķƨһҡһڵʧڲľУز૵
𣿡
ġ
ʹļӦ֮ǰ
ûʲôëӣʵʵڵرס
һʱס
ʲô


91 
, ͳ֦ҵʱʲô
ҡʲôû롭ؿ㶵
Ʋ, İ, н, ܿ졣ŵҪѳһ, ȴ͸ӵ
ģǡ
һһ£һһ, ҵصڡ
㲻𣿡ͳ
ͳϢһư, յůȴҡصĺ
ҲӲ, Ҳ㲻, ֻðѷͻء
¡С, ʱ֪ΪʲôȻͲˡ
κͷ̾Ϣһ
Ǹϡ
˫ֵûô, æӿ˭ϸո;׽ס°͡
˫ۣεöᣬذӴһ
»زҪô嶯ˡ˵
㡪ˣ
ػû˵Ϳ⴦һƬɫѪҺĲ˳ȾһƬط, ȥϴˮ·, , ʪܵġһŵ֡
ᶼҪ, ؿͣô죿ô죿Ҫڰô̽ҡ
ϡͿģЦСˣȥҲ˵ġ
⻹С𣿣ؽѡ
˵Сˡ
վҪҪҷ㣿
ҵȻһ٣ܡ
͵ĺ﷢һǺƵģһ߷סͷüͷ΢壬һ߻
ҺʧѪˣеͷΡҰɡ
Ҳã
͸첲Լ֧վһΣӶ˹سסΪ˲ᣬò§ס
ŵ㡭ɽ֮ȥҴ򡭡˵
Ӧһġ
ɽ·᫲ƽ¶ʯҰݣذ뱧һɽһ۵ͷ󺹡
Ȼ߲·ˣ񻹲һֱûͣ
쵽ˡ
Ϳ쵽ˡ
Ͼ͵ˡ
۵ԼһҲˣҪˣŸ¸²ͣϣ
òףڵɽţ˾ͷǽҲ߲ˣŴ
ҪҪȻȵҡȥţţ㡭
¶Ϊѱ飬ͷ˿Լϵˣһˡ
ҧҧ
ááǡһߡߡ١ٳһš
ɽ·ͷǶȥ
Ҳ֪ǲľԵʣ͵ƺ˲٣Ҳ˺ܶࡣڣڵ֮ǰһسǵţ
ʱţھúأɳĮޣéֽʵǸزӯˡ
Ȳؽ˳ѣذصøͷţƵϳ
ȥĶţĳʡ
ȥҽصĹֻû˵꣬;ֱ壬ĻĺԺĵַ
㲻ȥҽˣؼ
ﶼ˲գ۵ӹҽﻹƴҩȥϾͺˡ
زģͷ˵ûʲô󰭣һҪؼҩ
Ȱ˿ڴһȭȻûд󰭣ɽʱôǿҪʧѪεӣ
ţĺԺſڷ£طͽŵʱdȵǡô߽һ͵ӾȲסˣӶ˹
磡ôˣȵü
ѪѪˡdüĸ첲
ȥ˵͵
ԭţܵܶˣһᣬû뵽Ҫ֣˾һ첲Ȧ˻ȥ
ˤѸոջһ糣˿
غȻһɺɣˣǽռ˰ɣ
ôһ룬ඥ
ԭˣƨʵɶ
Ҳᱻƭˣ
ðdһ˴ԺȥȵסҪߵdҡҡͷЦߣҴȥҳԵġ
վֱ壬ɵظصĽŲ
ڽأӶթɱǵĵ
թûͷе
ͺٺЦţӣΪͻȻޣЩ˼
޳ܣöţӿŲԺȥ
ػݺҲ˽ؾ·֪Ϊ˸˿ҩҪôֱؿ
Ϊ˱ӣشȥԺţͲ˵ڳȥɡɷˣѵΪҩ𣿡
Ҳᡭ
ɽϵʱ˭˵Ҫѧģ
ðɡ
Ҫôսս
ϴѾһˣûʲô𡣡ڴɫƽ¶ֱһƬѪ˿ڡ
Ѫ˿ָⷢ飬һԼƽˮ͸ɾֽ
ϢôʪֽСͱצץ˵ֱϡ
ѪĿ»棬˱ߣڣֻʹͺ¡
һõֱϣưȻΣһͬǰŮӡ
˿ûϣ˵˸ʹ˫ۺŰ˵ˮ
Ⱪ¶ᣬ֪ᣬ֪ڲ֪֮䣬ı˵ıˡ
ʲôǱߵĸͬܣ߶ݵĻӦ
ĹҪκ˵ͬ飬ҲҪκ֮İοֻҪһʹĵᣬȥЩ꣬Ͳ¶㱯ҡ
һˣںܶǶ·Ϊʵ⣬ʹˮ
ƺûܹ׷˵ĳȸܵĲǽԵã޴ɻѾãȴ࿴ļÿһ־Ĺâ
֪Լºĵ֪ͼǿӣܺÿʹ๲걾ǱƤҸǧ򱶵ϡ䱦
ֻһۣƲۡ
л˵
̧ͷؿһۡ
лʲô
лΪҷܲ
ҲûСˣͷС
˵Ѿֵ֪ܵĹȥˡ׼ʲôʱ򣬰Ĺȥң
ʲôȥһͿҩֲ֪ͣ
Ĺȥ˵أʲôʱԸ˵ʵ
ҲǸ߹ǹŮҡ
ǣ֣ȵָĦһ£ز֡
̧ͷĿֱ˫ۡ
֬ͨĹŮ𣿡
ӲôûУҡ
ٴδĻ
㣬һ͵ȵɨعŮһнٺǶ٣ÿܹȡöٷսʱùý̹ʲôأֵҹĹôģҪʲô·ʲôûһΰࣿ
һ࣬ÿⶼһͷˮġ
˵Ͳ˵Ǿؿɫƽƿ֮С

ſڣһƬհס
ˣ롣
𲻳Բԣ˵ʵЩ⣬ֻŮ˴𲻳
͹
ĿƵؿ
أһ֣


92 
µ, Ѿȥˡ
ػſڣڳɡɳٱʱĻʱ꣬쵴ߣκ֪ݡ, ˸, ˭š
͵, ǲ֪ŮرԽغ, ͻ᲻һ
ҡɾ, ¶ĵ, ǹ
֪ˡ˵ǳ
سԾؿ
Ϊ˵, Ȼһгȵ߸ɵĹ, ŷֱءκġܡơԽعʮ, йϺԲϡκԶ޲ԭ, ǰѲšĹܹ׺⣬˵ʲôëӵ󡭡ȻҲ㡣ʣµĹ棬ֻƹԽСĳ
ƹǰ, ȵһһĽɽͼȵ۴ϲ䱦, ̸䡣㣬ͨŮ, Ӷ϶ƹ
ĽɽͼҲȫİ, ɽͼϺ, 㹬ﶼϹ˼ءﲻ
Խ, ݵĵطǺһ񡣡
صĸͼ
úܶࡣԽйӵĹþة֮Ӷ»Լ˵ڹгУʮ岽ϣಽһͣªĳʳҲжʮʳȡһ컨Ǽ
ƨشŭ
ֵͣؿ˵Խʲô
ԽŲģ
ö䶼ˡ˵ԽӵԽʲôʱһϾҪԶʮˣÿ˼һҲܳ˷ѣҲû£
ʲôϣ
ڹдûùϣܿĶ̫๬ŮҪѪԵϵˣʲôҪ㲽ϣ
ಽ˼û
ԽҪͿɫĿڣҪҪˣԽأؽøҲܺáҲ˵ЩϾΪ󡣡
򴽲ͺҲҲǵ;˵ôαغҼƽϣĹŶû˵ĻĴġ
;˵˵˵
ǣҺ˵˵͵Ժ˵ˣǽ˵һһ㣬ȵСĳ
ģ楲ܳ裬ĳҲܳ裬䣬ǡúҪǡ
ʲôûʡ
Ψһһδȵ˵ĹͶ
ʲôϵ
ϵˣӲҲ
ûˡҲ㰡Խ˵ԽС
ƨˣʲôΣû˸ʣ̫ҲƲùһӵġ
ǳԼǳ𣿡˵
ԥƬ̣˵ͷ
ǽõĸ硭
˵ֻȥ̫Ӱְˡ
Ҳƭ˰ɡѾԼǹˡˣ˵ʲôҪǸǸСة֮Ӷ׵Խ˸㲻ת۾ͰȺѾˡ
Ӿ֪͵ôź˵ĹŮ
Ҳźˣزź˭
һ˵ֱۣܿ˵ĵطթƨȻװģֽһ˿ˣⶾ
ذѱϴᣬվ㣡
ҵѸе
۷ƨͷҲص뿪ݡְϣߵſڣǷıӰ
붼룡
ȵزɩӣֿűߣЦ˻Ĵ磬磬ôˣ
ͺЦ֡
ȵߵǰѹ˵ȸ֪ϻбճɴҵӭȢõ¡
бõ£ȵ
ҵδɣȢѣͬ󡣡һЦתݡ
ȵһͷˮκ󣬺Ȼէ֡
磡ɩʵǹ
żǸǶ̵ȥˡ
ְס
磡ϲˣȵϲһֱԸ㵱Ȣˣ
ô˵ģʲôһֱԸͼȢʲô²ӵԸ
ǣк֮־߷Զ٣ȵ͵
ҵץʱˡ͵ȻȢ˹ס
⻰Ӻ˵𣿡
ɩӼңȣûиĸ֮ý֮ԣԪۻĸԸ֦Ҷң
һ֦ɽƬкβɣ
Ӻ˵ġ۾һɡ
ܵ˵ȻҲġȵЩΪͷŬҶ¾㱸ֻǷ磬µʱָտɴʲôɵĵģ
ġ͵
ô𣿡ȵɫ
ĵطˣǡû˵꣬Цһ
ĺԺ˶ǷΪߣȵʶȤû׷ʣתƻ绹ûңôŪģ
ߺһͷϻĸġ
ˣһɽݶûӵһͷϻϵץˡȵ
ͷϻʶ顭ޡ͸ĿڵʶɩӼͷӡĸϻŻˣҺɩҲͰȫɽˡ
ûд󰭾ͺáȵҰͷϻʬȥţǸ˼ˡΪ֣֪ܺ߳ͬҪۺԻɴ򻢶ӣɽˡ
ȵͳһ͡
͵֪֪ˣֵüһš
ȵЦͷһͷȣ֪ͬææȥҲûøãʱҶġ
µĿءͰѺɰȥ̳þƻ¾Ʋˡ
֪ȵЦȢ˹ôҲҪףһء
עˡͰڰ֡
ܵܰ£ġ
ȵŵʱȥԿ˴лء
һƣ֪ҪţʣȵҪȥ𣿡
ҪȥɩҪҴʲô
ҴɡҪһҪĸصв̵ĺ̿ҲЩѡʱһҪƹո㿴Ҫǲð̵ĲС
ɩӷģһ𡣡ȵ
Ϊ˰˻̿ͻ裬ȵʱdȥӻ̣˳򵽻ͻ̿۷ǣ̿ļ۸Ҳ˼ڣֻҪǮ򵽻̿ѡ֮ȥ˾¥˼ʮӲ˷ݵľƲˡ
ݾ¥Ļ˵ǺѾûнʳˣƹڿʱˣҲ֪յĳʳҪȥҡ
ĺԺ֮ǰȥŴӦָǵĻƤͻ⡣Ļ⹲ٶǷֵʮĶȥ˷ȸۡеְλҲٷֵһ㡣
һٶϻϷֵͷʣ
Űٶڽֵϣڶԣڵǹƥ·dͽִ򻢵Ϣһ֮䴫Сǻȥһ·Ҳôƽ
ٵĺԺʱһȫװȴ̤̤ţɫصش߾
ȵһһȹؾƵۣʣţǷʲôˣ
ų̾һĵϡ
н˳ǵ£ȥˣͷ˵
ŴҴ˵꣬׷ǰĶ顣
ҲҪȥ档d˵ţ׷߳һ
ȵһס
Ȼȥߴ硣
.......


93 
׻˵, ¶ʮ壬ĥ
¶ʮ죬ظĺԺĸ˶˼, Ǹ߸˵ػؼʡס
ɫһ, dᵽĺԺſڡ
, ˳˷ʢһٴ͡͵һ, ȥȷ, ԭĻ⴦ǡô, ȱ˻ζͨ˵Ŀζ, صһγԹ׷
ʳʱͼ̸Ķļҳ, ԹԺ, ذæȴǳصĻ⡣
, ȫɱˡʬͶڳ⣬һҹ֮ͱ۵Ⱥˡȵ˵ϴĴŵһԵ
Ϳؽ, ӹʳ룬ңȥɡ
վû
֪
̧֪, Ķ֪ģ
ʹˡĺԺ߲ڣл˵ѹѾõĻ, ֱ֪ڲ
ٹһ£ҰݾҪԹ, ҰֵǮ͵, ǰʩٹ, Ǿȫǰճһٱ
¶ǣǡûô฻ʳ
еġ͵ϸһ˵
͵ĻĪŷѹɻ
ʰͺǽ壬ݣ渽ʷϵĹ¡
ʷˣġڴϣſ˫ȡ
鷿ķӼⲻʥ˵ģȻôӵۡһʼԾĲ̬ȣȥɣܶƨҪ̫ߡ
ҽɡ
Ҳ֮ҲһסͶȻܾ
Ǿ͡ǡ
ʹ˸ĹǷ
ⲻǲ㵽ʲô̲סЩʥԣ
ƨûʥˡʹӴնֻ˺ͻˡЩ飬ͲҪõġ
ٴûϹŰվȻһý͵ơ
ǲʦصˡ䵽˭˭ģһء
Ҹ㽲ͨɡصͨҶĲֻܸ࣬㣬Լ˼⡣
ͨʲôšüͷӣ
ҷʲôˣֵͨһʷ飬롶ʷǡʷѧ˫赣ԡ£εΪ֮顣
Ҳ֪һ仰򶯣ɻشϣС
ص䣬ܼͨͿʼ˫ֽ棬ѹԺϥϵһֻŶģҲ֪ȥûСһԷϵȵýζʱʱ¶˼ı顣ʣµd޺ϣ˾ȵĴ
֪ҹĻ١ֲָĺҹﴵԭǴøӿġ
ȵĸС𣬴˹¹µشڣһӰӡ
ĺԺǰԺȵһָϸûڻ̵ĻҽٳһӣdææѺá
֮͵ȼһ裬һʺĻӺ̿дΪ̹ǵĺҹһĨů⡣
ش˴֣ȼյĻ
ǰڹеʱҪһջ裬صĴ΢Ҳ⡣
ǵúɳһջ迾׵ʱɳЦòʻȴҲΪŮˡ
ڵ˭زԸ׷ֻ֪һ̣ɳΪŮ
ӻ˶ʮ꣬ͷϻ衣ڻԵһϣŻĻֹ
˵쿾ȷʵͦġȵ
ֶˡ͵
dһֱŻĺʱֺǺǵ˵һ䣺
Ѿˣֻ̧ž͸һ¡
۸ʲô̧ۣͬ˵
۸ô˵ϵ
ʲôʱ۸ˣ
ӵ棬ôǵؽӵ⻹۸ˣҪҪ
ҪҪѾܹ治ɫ˵Ū֮ˡ
Ȼʲô飬һ죬治ɫ
ˣﻹһӺͼףóһ˰ɡȵվ
Ҳȥ˵Եģdһȥ
ֵܺܿ챧һСӺͼ׻ˣǩϣÿһԼڻƿһһϨĻ衣
ǰ˵ʩ࣬˵𣿡ʡ
͵˵ͷϻ˸ƣǰ㣬侲ȵĿԾĻ⡣
׼ʳȻҲòˡ
Ϊʲôؾȵ
֪ȷ£ΪʲôͻȻͷ
һԵȵɫƽƺ͵ľԤϡ
Ͷֻ֪Ȩ֮ƣԭҾûΪǡϼģΪ˽֮ͥľ֧Ҫҡ
û粦ðŻĺ̿
ۼݶУ˴ĵݸ࣬Ȼһ񻯡ԼʳܲܳԵ˵ΪЩԲ𷹵˵ж
سĬƬ̣˵ģҪߣǾߡ
ʹӺӦһ»ļҲû״
뵽ֻ䣬۵ȻԼɽǸͻȻӵ
Ѿ巶Ϊؽӵĵطþ뿪ݵ·ϡ
ȻֹĺٺЦ
ȵˣҲźٺЦdԸźٺЦ
ٺٹЦ涶ص˸Լôһ˿˿ɬ˸һɶ
Ͳöƨ˱ڴ
ǡٲðɣԥ
۾һɣô˵ģʲô٣ҿ񣡡
أ
˭
˭
ɩӣнٸƶȵ˵
ҪǮָգڴ
ƨ˵Ļش֤ȻƨˣȻǸ޳ܵƨˡ
ѵǰգѵƶֱ׳
ʲôʱߣʡ
գʰö˵߾ߡ͵
ܺ𣿡
ܣ֪Խ࣬ԽΣա͵๫ȥ֪Ǯظϻ硣⼸գ˭
֪ˡʧ
һβϴǶԾǶӿͣӦò̫á
ΧȺĻ裬һ״ι¡
һҹһջ裬һԿĺƵףԼϮˣȻǵɽӡ
ºضΪ͸ıע⣬뿪ˡһϣȥ鷻껨ȴĺԺĸ˶廨Ҳ
һ͵صͣĺԺſڣԱߵϻ˨һֻǵĿ
ϣһҶ
ϣˡ
֪ѲӹӰ֪һһͨ˼ҵԺӽһĹҵĺҶ
һҹŹǷé߳۾ûһŲ˺Ҷʵʵˤ˸ƨɶա
ʲô
һز𿪺Ҷһŭüͷչˡ
ǿͰ͵سﺰ
һ˺ܿۼһÿ϶¶˾ϲı顣
ҶĶ½¶Ŀװڲڴףɵ⣬мӹЩʡһ㣬һĿĿ
˯֮ǰǻΪտҲ׸׷
˭Ԯ֣
ѵǵʴȵϲ
ҹϵĺҶ
ǿҶ˷ܵչʾĸ
¹Ҷһֻչδչ
·һ̾Ҫ߷ɡ

컹ȵţسǵʿЦ
ͷϵˣ涼֪ȥݵĶʱЩ
ʿҪƿŵ˻ֿȵЦȻǸͶǻʲôֻǣôǵôԶĵط
и常ڵݣȥӶ
ֲáʿ˻֣ȥɣ·Сġ
ли㣡ȵһЦ
˳Ųãƿ˿͵ɵڳϴ˯һûΪ˵ġ
ʱС·ͷ˿ɲdϹͷڵӡ
ȵddȡɵĴ¶һƬɫ
Ƴһۣ±С
ͿУ̤̤˵С·ԽԽԶˡ
ͬһʱ̣ĺԺﱻ廨ĸײײܵţǺƽʧԵײһ
ΪǰһһС
ⲺôĵӣΪƷǰ齼ˮһء
Ϊͦȡƽλõķ֮ͥվһԣֲԣ͡
һҪѴ׽Ҫ԰ж˿飡ΪŭԲ֪ȥʲôط
ȵʱ˵ͻȥ˵ݡ
ǵݣͽթ䣬ȻʵĿĵءΪŭΧݡݡݵıؾ֮·
ˡԥûô֡
ɳˣΪɫŭϧһдۣһҪ׷ͣ
ˡ֮ͥҾֵͲ޵ķʸݻǡ
죡
һյ˳ŷ֮ͥղһڰεİ顣
Ҫ㣬ôң֮ͥץͣҶ㣡
Ϊ뵽ʧǧƽѪͷͻͻس塣
ȥҲٿ㣡



94 
ҵĶű̹ǵҹ, Ĵҡҡ׹ľš
غµؿعֽе⣬Ǳһ㡣
䲻䣿֡
ĶȻҲûкβס
䡣
һŵµŵݵĲ, Ͱز, Ѿһ³ʱֳĹβͲݴֲɢʮΡһҹ, ûһɢڵһǣֽŶнز£ˣǻҳͻҽʯש
ɨ, ºȻڳʲô»Ұ, 
ĵǰȼ, Ǵžľϱ˳ڱĵϨĸԵװѾý, Լʳů
ҡҡ׹ľ֨ѽһˡ
ɡӰ, ӻްķȺ˽
˳Ź⻬ɡ滬䣬ҳʯשϣһѵˮ
, ɩӽպһҹȹսˣȥҿջסȵޱ
ͽ˹ޱ, ļ
d˼ڵϱ, Ȳװӡȵõ˸λãΧ, ˫ַŵԺ濾ڵ
Ϊ϶벻Ѿ˳˵ݡ
;¹βͲë׵һ, ӵϡ
϶ڴΧ¾ݷݡ
֮ͥм, ˵ǵļ
֮ͥʲô, ֲ֮ˡЦ
ϧˡȵҡҡͷ, ֮ͥĲշĲݰӦҲеϢ
㡢㲻𣿡dڵѣģģȵ
԰ɣҲ
ȵǽһƵԲʯͷϡdף
ҵİɡ͵
ȵλãҡͷҼݳʱѾԹˣͷǴ԰ɡ
ؿȥڵǳҵİɣҲ
δ䣬;ͷһ¡
Ȼأسɴ۾Ϊõ˭ԴǹԴ
˵ģϹʲô
ԼǰĿףòţһ롣
һ뿾ףӸ˶ȵ
ţߴߴɡ͵
ȵסףɫݣл硣
˳Թªҹ󣬸ڵ̾͵ĵ
˯࣬ԱͣȻľ𣬽űȵ˯d
ƣôԼزôˡֻǣǾúࡣ
ú࣬ͺࡣ
̧̧ۣܿݶ֩룬㴹ܿ·µķùʳҽ
ԽطɾԽϷ
ȥ˯ŵʱ˯ĺн꣬ԽƵ
̲סһηʱͺȻһ§Լ
㡪غëŵˡ
ǳѣٴ㡣
͵ر͡
ﷴ׼ıأ͵
ûеƹ⣬¹Ҳ˸Ļ⡣
͵ӣҲڻ谵ĹĵĹ⡣
˯ɡ˵
㲻˯ѵ˯ţ˵ţִ˴ƣ׾ٰ°ʹԴϣϣ˯ˡ
⡢⻹ô˯ţ
ޣӲҴһڡ
ƨǸʲôأΪǲĵˣ
ҡ㡭ؽؿڡ
֪һ˯ŵĺ÷һ֣ߣûɿ
ʲôرע⣬С
ۡ
ԥƬ̣ۡ
ǰһϲӣϰֻ̬Ѽӡ
ҲϲѼӵӡش
СûѼӡһƬɫģǳ󡪡
û˵ĸҤģֻкҤĺԲš
أǲֱӴ㣿
ɷɹر͡
ƨ˼ֻˮȣ֮ǰһжֻˮȡ
룺ˮΪʲôҪһˮȴġ
Ϊⱻƨ˴ιȥֻ︹̣Ȼյýġ
һֻˮȣֻˮȣֻˮȡţʮֻˮȡ
ôôˮȰԲ갡Ժ롣
ʮֻˮȣʮֻˮȡһʮˮȡ
ôˮȡ
ҪɩӡͷϵһԣǸöð
ԽԽԺǰͷʶЩǡôˣûܼӰ죬ԵϷ
֪ʺĸҲ˳ˮȵС
ؿĵؽǽܸͷǣҲܸͣԭܿĵʱȴȻһӵأ
ˣ
һŰ˱룬ź±㡣
˱ˣ
ˮʣ㷴
оûǲУ㻹ᡣ
˻𣿣
˺֪ҭһơ
û㣬´θ㼱
ˡ
ʣĸȾȺ
еŶһħʲôڵ϶֨һ͵شӶﾪѹ
ľѾվһ룬˯ǰſڵԲʯ˴ǿƿˡŸѰʪĵ߽￴
ţһȺ嵶°شӵһ촽Ľ¹˽
غ͵˶ȵһ֦۽ǵĿȴʼںһȺϡdΰѰţƤһգһգһ̾Ҫ˯š
һԲ
һȵĿײĲƽϢɫ糣ӺΪ״ϵıӣͷסӡ
ϵصͷԼְѱ°ʹ
ڶ࣬׼֣һᣬһǰĻѾ
ӣ
ģ̺棬¹
šṫջһϵ̽ߣڻ
ƨɸ䵽ϣ¹Ӿü
Сүˣ
ӡһΪѡ
ȥҽմĻƤָʹ
ͷӦ󣬿ߴ꣬ⷽ˹ȭλɷһɡԸмʮ򡣡
㲻УʱԡͳһԵɡ°͡
л̨ɡð߳
һһ紵˽ѻ綼ںһһ
ûãһĹҵĶˣڻ½⿪ϸػһɺ˳ű
Ƥһ˿ɫڻɫƤëϣƤʱµѪƤëԵڻƤıλצµץʶ
ؼҪסˣһֻ־Ͱϡ
͡
΢Сҡҡͷ
ս˫֣˻ȥɬ۾ǰԾĻ硣
ɱĸס
ôأ
Ƿӹһ٣


95 
л̨ɡ, ٴαȭ
ֹ˹֡
Ǵʲôطģ¹ӵز̧ͷײ¹̽
æޱµͷȥ
֮ǰ, Ӧҽ𣿡ͲŲæ
¹һüŭĿҼҹ㻰١
¡¹ЦЦ, ֹ̧˵ĺٻպ, £̶ݳɳҲ˴;ݣΪǰͶ֡غ, , ҽͬһ, βԵ֣£кþƺò, ̨ͬһ
а, ֻҪ㲻ֵ״ʹֵ
ǿ˿ʲôýģЦˣ౸, ¾ϲˡ
סϲ˾ʹdԺµ, ߵɩ, ٲպ㲹ϡ
dȻƨɻ˿ݲݵϡ
λսʱ, ·˱һû뵽ÿ, һȵһ򺫷µĻ, һ߶Ե͵зȵ̫үĹ, λӱ, Ҳ֮𡣡
Цʿ
ǻݰͷصˣռ֣ȸλҴ磬ѼǸҶ磬̫үĹմԼǽݵһӣޡȵռ˺磬Ҳ֪ʲô֪ܡ
ˣˡȻô˵ȴһ֮ЦݡǻˣôȾůůӣǿ⺮ªʳ
̼ѵһƼٴαЦݣʹªʳĸּζء
͵˺ȲþƣҲӲ⡣Ƕܣһ࣬ڶǵֻ˯
ˣµˡ
ڳԾʲô
һֱԻǿѹסģʼհĿⶨǰĻϡ
ǰֱ̧۾ʲô𣿡
ûʲôԭȻΪֵһãһѪ׳ء»ָ糣ɫЦ
ɩӼ޹Ȼǵ׵ˡȵǰľյٱĴʳȱ绹ǺȾƳ⣬Сܾһ
ҲƱЦžٱһڣҪ£ͼֵܵһβʣľƱգҲգض

¶˶٣ͷһ
ãҲǸˬˣⱭʹ죡ͽкãԼ̼ϵϸƺǰյոеֵܲҪȥȨƵͨ˳⣬ܲҪŸ·ˡ
Ͳˣ¿ڵľҺǿЦ
ֵˬ죬ôˣӣֻһ㡪
һ㣿
ͰѺµľյݸһƣǳ򡣺ֵܣԸЩ˽ѣ
¸յߵġʤȥƬľյջǽ˹
ĳȻԸ⡣
һʱ䣬̼ϵľƺͿΣ糺죬´Ҳ۶ˣȻ˿̬
´ͷպλĵͶԵ֪Ǽǰδ˳ǺβͬУ
ز䡣
ѾֹˣĽֺ㷽ȥֻôشأ
ԵԻ꣬Լ̫ף̫ףǺȾʹ죡ͶƱҾֵһ
ҺȲˡ°֣Ƥȥ
ͻҪȰȴͶ˾Ŀ⡣
¾յתʵ
ֵܵŻƤʵ磬Ҹո˵ոմģ
ǰ·ʱһֻĸϻ£ˣˣִ˴껢ƤԵɺԵѪһΰƤòáûϵ֣ĸϻԭˣôÿ
˾ƣµĻҲˡ
һֻӡɫϧˣϧϧ
˵䣬û˵ؿԽԽžȻ
λ̨ǹӲʤҹ͵˰ɡǰ
Ǹ·ߵ磬ֵܴҹллˡ͹ֵ
֮¡ֻӦ
Ͷ˻صԼһǰЩʣĲԭûĻ
ӳɫڻԣû˯µ˼ȵͬˡd˻Ƿĵ˯ˡ
ʲôְںµ˾һԶʡ
˯ɣ绹Ҫ·Ϳڵ
仰һ裬ѹ²ȥҹͣȥҲ֪Լ˯ûС컹ͣ;˺˯d
·ˡ
رû˯ţȲȺİͬһ̫尾ˣЩ·Ȼȴࡣ
Ѹʰ𴲣뿪˺˷
ͺȵѸʹǰȥdڲࡣ
лʳǻʲôԵĵط𣿡
ݡ͵
룺ͷصļѼҲûʸ˵ˡ
ɳм֪һڱµġ˵Ӣڶʹڰиұ۾ǳɳϣк꣬иܵܣк¡
Ц¡¡ôɡһҹ£ǣѲǻʶ𣬿ӲܣڣǼ鼴ʲôû
û⺫ֵ֣ܵǶر߽Ӣڶʹڰжţдв֮ģҲΪӢβ󲻵·ġ
ˣԴڰӢûʲôøУţ֪ĺֵܣеӡҲΪµ
磬ǻ߶𣿡ȵڳʵ
Ҫǻȥ磬ضҲ߶򡣡Ͷ˶٣Ǹĵݹȥ
ݣ
ƨϣӿٶǰȥ

һֻյͷƶıܣӲ϶ͷľյ
һյͷɼƬ䵽ϣ촷ۡ
һͷӿ£˲ϲãͨһ
ˡ
ǺôΪʲôΪǣ㵹ãȻô˸ˣ̼һֻյȥ׼Ĳյͷͷɹ
֪빫Ϣŭߵס
Թ¶ޣӲδҪǣֲǹӶĻ׳棬֪ǺȾƾҪ˵˼
ұҴʮ׷ȥʣµ˴·ȥ
ӣ̫Σˣͷǰһڱңͽأֻһ֣Ա֤ȫи̣ӡ
Ҹѹң´ŭһųͷĸȥ
ͷƺһϥڵء
а취հǣ¸һͣۿŹصͷҴĶʮ㡣ȥ˱ȥҸﱨɣүСݲ𣡡
ӣͷɫȴͷҲص߳
ǰ֮˸ٳȰ衣
ӳʮƥ󣬺´ѡʮ׳ꤺۼ׷˳ȥ
ҿҹ¹꣬·ĺۼ޷Ρ
ϣһ·ӱޣĶǼļ˷ܡ
̤ЬٴȫѹԱĸˣԽǺˣ֪۸ڶĸ֪Լδѳ˸ʱǸʲô飿
ܰѸӵϲȣڴڰ󹦣ĺ£Ҳܴ
ӣ¸·ͷͣΪѵؿǰ·ڡ
·ڣոʻĺۼ
³ûа취ͨꤵĴС˭׷
һǰϸϰκҡͷĳꤳߴ磬޷ֱ˭ҹ
ǣͻȻͣ¶ͷӣ±ܷ꣬ܽɻڴĻôʧǰ
·ֱͨδʡ
һһݣһͨݡ
ҹ˵ԼҪؾܿԼȻѡ·
ɾҹһ̸֪Գռֵֵܽƻѣ˵ǻ֮ᷴѡ·Ҳ˵һ
·ֻһӹٽ»
ҧҧ䱦ӳ
ǳı߸أֱָм·
һǣ;ʱ»һץ𳤽
ȥݣ


96 
ո, εĵɫﻺƮƾӨѩס
ĸ£ͣһһ
峺׵ϪˮڲĶʯԾСһˮϡ
ˮ, Ϫˮϴ۰
һ˫貵Ľε, ˻һһɢʱʱˮС
ϡ
͵ػعͷ
Ȼһµվ£ϴǲׯﶨǼѼƵɫ, ֺþòµһ˫ںѥĴֲ, Ҳ˿
ͺȻģ, էһȥЩûϳΪǰȻ˸ˬӢİӡ
ؾ޵Ŀȡͣ, °͵سգȻ
ʰʰޣպĲ
ʲôȻ
ǰȰ, ҲϰõЬ˵Ǵµʱ򡪡ôһ, ѹִˣ
ǶȾƵʱ, ͵͵˱˺üۡ͵һ, Ӷˡ
ҿˣô, Ҳ˵ȥأ
㿴, 񲻶ԡ͵
أ
ƨ˼⡣
ʲôʱܽǣʣѾûϴˣҹպһҹȻԼûȾ顣
Щʱܵĳ򡣡͵, ֪ҪƤ, ʱҸջ, һꡣ
ƨϴ̫ã˵ϴƤزҪڷ
λߵôʲô˲õļ𣿡
ŷֱ˰ĺӵ֣߳һѴ򿪵ҡţƤЦⲻЦؿżˡ
ȵ䣬dȻ·dֹ֪ʲô
׻˵úãԵǧᡣֵܼ˵ԵֲšȵЦе
ȷʵᡣЦǾǺĳĸǰܼӹٽ»Ȼһ빦͡
벻ǶԺֵܾȻô洦ǰһסͶصߡȻܰﺫֵܷɻڴǺֵܴôлǣ
롪ﴽһЦһȫʬΣ
ɻڴȴֻȫʬֵܣԹⲻȲ˵ҪǵЦǺĵܵܡǵľ谡
ʶҺҴ磿ɫһ
ҲʶǣǵĴ׼ȷ˵Ĵͳ˳ǣһֵ̣ܣ»سɱٰԼĵ׶⡣ɳϣǰͶֳܸżʮ˻ͣԼȡгļ
ӺԽԽѿɫЦ
Ҳ²Ѱ
㵽ʲôˣˣ֮Ŀ𺣬ɵͣƺͼԺĳֶϺš
ֵܹˡͺٺЦˣѼĳһʫˣгһգѼĳȻһԼʫʱѼĳҲͲ֮ˡ
ٺŪңΪҲ֪ѼȸǼ
ҡͷ£Ĳţü㣬ѼĳȴҪ㷴ҧһڡ
ЦҲмѼ㶼ɡҺֵȻԩ޳𣬵¹غĳǰ;ֻһ֮ˡ
ȻҪȡˣֵܽһ𣿡͵
Ҫʲô
ͬеʮأ
ȡòôˡǻͳӣ
͵ֵܣһһ󡪡
軹˵ʲôŭˡ
Ȼе˵㿴»ѣܸܲһյʱ䣬Ұ·ȥٶ֣
ҡҡӣ׹ϵ˳Ӵת
¶һĨ񶾵Ц⣺
ȥǺʵúܣ
̾˿£ֻΪɱɣ
ͺ޹ˣҪ֣͹Ȣ˲Ȣ˰ɡ͵غӣͻ䣬֣
δ䣬ԶʮˢˢǳҲһdѴͷ䵽Ϸ˵һ˦ֻѾӳ򺫷µ
ȵ/Ѹٺˣսŭڵd
dŭ͵зĺڿײ˲ԭƽ
صĶᵽˣȴŲæذִļһת
ϳȥţ๫ͷȥˡ
ԼۣŶ
ͿתսԹ۵ĺ£䳤
ʮ˾ȡӵ˵θˣˡ
¸볰ЦĲһȻ߾ųߵĺӻظ߸ڰջźУֽƴȴֻץסεĿ
ಡ
һֻ/ΪӰڰйᴩؿڣ
δأôڰһغҽж˫۾ʹŲˡ

dץסһķ٣һת
ڿתҽвϣ˦˫ȽĵˣһᣬϾͱѪˡdù಼һ˦˫
dһʮһ˸ҿ
ŸʲôϰǿɱˣǵļҾ춼ϣŭ
ںµ֮£ʣµ࿴˿ҧһ
dѸͷκλУƾɱڵнڽڰˡټȵںðʮ˲һʱ͵˴롣
һ׼ʱ̵žų׳ĺ󱳿ȥ
绹ûǺӵĺ󱳣Լһĳ˲ӣ
Ѫ쭷ɣ¶𾪵ıͷ޶Եס
ͳݽĳͱ뱳Ϯĵˡһһ߿Ѫӿӿ͵Ϯ
͵Ϯӣ㻹˵㣡
ڲ֪ǵĵԺδ
ռֵֵܣһóսⲫޱȣһóŰݣһսˣ͵ϮҲֵͬʱսϣҲ˿
˺ƣ̬ۼʣµʮˣȴѾɢ޻֮
ôһСʱ䣬ʣµʮ˾ֵĸ
¼Ʋԣԥ£ݣ
ǰ㣬һֻƿն/˷ȡһʹİ¸˵һˤڳĵϡ
ۼȶܣʣµļҲԥˤĺ֡
Щļһ˸Ѫͷſ˵Ŵӵ𣬸ҪܣһֻմŰ߲ѪĳĲӡ
սսתͷƿ֮ˡ
¶һڰЦֵܣˣʲôߣ


97 
ϪˮǸϪˮ, ֻǲ
ץźµķڣˮȱʱĺºòػص棬شŴ, ؿڴȵš
ۡ
ץķڣǿǺԼ
˵, ƨһ׷Ϊʲô
һǱ, ϼϪˮҲˮͿˮ촽һ, ޡ˸, ͱٴΰˮ
µ˫ڿͽ޹, Ϫˮﹾཹðݣʹˮҡ, ԭķѾɢС, һһѵɢˮ
һƨ±, ̧ͷʰĵĵܵܣ
˵˶ٴˣʰĵҪҪϸʰʲôöЬ׿һ·в㿴һûеĻ, һ죬СɼЩ˲ҪĶҪһռ
ûʲôʱܳ
˻, 㼱ʲôñû, ڳ, Сһ¶Բ·
ΪʲôԲ·ĺ׷ʡ
Ϊʱʺƨһأ
棡
մһѸٹ˻ȥ
źµԴ, ֱذˮ档·Űۣ²֪Ͷῡӡ
̼£³һϪˮ˹
뵽һ֡ѼӲҸ̸ѼŰװϣô
㡪
˵õỬµ
µߵáɱ˰Ŀݺݵ͡
Ϊʲôңʡ
ܵϵѹҧˣû㡣
䣬վʹһĴʹʹòҽݵķŭͿ־Ťˡ
˵ģ
һΪҵŮˡͶۿӵŮˣȸӸء
Ůˣ˵մЦһĵƦå//⣬ҲȵԼûг
Ŀһʲô˼
֪ȢŮʲô˰ɣЦһ㶪ŮˣסҲסԼɱңҲΪɥ
ɫһٴεϺµһա
Ҳϲ˲ա
ǺôЦѪϵָǵӣ·ɣôǵʲôˣǷʲô£ҶƽȻ֪Ҵ磬͸֪ӢڶʹڱңбȨӲҪ۱дʮڶʹӢڶʹǰ
ҪǸҺҲܰƽ鷳ܽڰƽƣ⽻ײɣ
ҪʲôͶ
ҪǸŮˡڵ֮ǰ˵ȱŶ֣֪᲻һϱ˭᲻áôĶ֪
Ϊʲôһ
ƺѾѡгšЦΪǽ֦ҶһĴʵ۲ü޸һͼƽԭġ
ʹôϳģ
Ӧøǰ֮˴ʮĻȴëƮûдκλ
ƺԾԼһ
ŵؿǰ侲ӣ֪ͱ˻ⷽ
ǳɳ壬ͬ빬μӹʱԵɺԶһءʱ˶ޣԽµһӸһԼˡ
µıǼԷļĺͷŭлɳã˭عڿԼŮ˵һ˻ȻȤ
Խ͹ƨ䲻ʲô£ͷšüͷ׷ʵ˭֪£
¹شҵȻ߱ˣý
ʼûл˵һλ
һɴ۾ԴĲϴûعͫȻ͵ƶ
㴩Ҳѣȥүá
ʹɿ֣¶ʬ嵹ȥȻҽϪˮˮϷɽɢͫգҲգ
ͳŶذǹ˺ϵвϵ׹ҲûŹʰĵȵ˹ֻһ۾ͿſϪˮĺûϢ
ȵȵǰ˵Ҫһôıˣ
ϳɩӡ
ȵɫһɨȷŴȻպ˵ɩӻػʼң
ڶʹǸΪһ嶼Ǵڰ߹¿ɩӿӢʣԴҪЮԪ
Ҫô죿ȵϵʬ壬ǰյ׻ʬ𼣣
ʱ͵»һʬǳ⡣
ǡ
ͷȻֱ͵żģǰͷصʫ˼Ѽ
ȵЦˣ˵ˣ¶мȸһ
dҲ˹һ˱ʬѾϰΪµվӱߣʬ⣬ѪսŽϪˮﵴȥ
ɱ˵ʱŭĿԲɣ׺ǳʱ˿̣ͯһ㣬˫Сް㴿Ĺ⡣
мֵ񡭡dѵֵҲ˻
ܵܵļ򣺡ǲģʱͨһɡ
ӢڶʹǰĴˣȻûʲô׼ɱĵܵܣȴû̫š
ϸ룬ʵµࡣ
µȻǵǵʵȴһŲ֪ҪǣҲǴ룬Ψһõľͨ
ڴʱͨҲֻһֶΡ
һ;ݣȻҲݷ˵ͨҲʲôûϳ
ͨʲôӣȫƾ
ŻͨĻʦʲô¯Ĵңбķð̵ϡ£Ҫ뻭һƵФ񣬲ҪʦĻ߳ҪĿߵͷ侲ڲڴͨץˣڴͶ
ټϣش󣬹ĽڶʹʮҪʵڻ첻ȥˣϺܵȥѰء
ôҲὫϽЩڵĶ
ȵöͷˣڱ˴򿪡һߵ״˽
ôˣصĵ
ȫˣʱƨŪõϲ̫ÿȥʱҪһ۾
Ҫȥ𣿡ؾȵ
֮·ߣǴϸ·᷽öࡣһ˵ţһ߿ʼʰϵϸ
ۼԼŷƵױƣһɿ챧ױƣԼʰԼģ
һðʰûץʱ䣬ƨֽҪˣǽ򡣡
֪ˣ
ٶʰϸҪȻſڵһѱûüУ;Ͱһֻ۾ϡ
ҽаңӿɾˡ
ŵñص˺ڵľ
͵ֱվڳͷĴ
ݣһǣ
ɳһ޾
߸߾Խһ߾ʬ
ͺɣ
ʮɱһˣӲ޷ء
޷ؼ㣬ԿҲɡ
󸻿죬СҼ񡣡
ʰ˭ǿѼĳ
ʫѼСϣΣ
أ
ԲףøСĹ¡
ߵǧˡ
ͻȻϵؼɱ
û˳صص˲ԭһƵһ·ۡdȵ˵תأŲǰýݡ
ԭʱ򣬾;УãҲСϵ˸߻أȫ͵ְڻûʧϵ䡣
Ϊ˶ܺ߿ܵ׷ûмݣٴθĵǰݵ·


98 
ϣԼⱲҪ¶, ⼸Ѿȫꡣ
Ϊ˦׷׷ڶ̶ؽݡݡݺݱ߽, ;ЪɽֻХǺ
ԭؿͻһ߸ߵ, Ҳľˡסɽ, ֪µĶ
ǡ
պɽֶѨ򽻵ڷ, ֻĽѥ, ܹĴֲ, Ҳó˵һѴϣĥùƺֱӵ
ò, ǲݱ߾˦׷, һ¹滮·, ;һ·ȥֱĺݡ
ϣ;һСׯȵʹһ˼ҽ󣬶Էͬһסһʮӡ
ֻһ泤, ˶˯¡ȵԭd˯ϣؿļӲⲻȥ˯
Ψһĵľͻ᲻Ե˺ϵһŴͳĬ, Ͷߡ
ܵĿ϶, ͷ, ˼ЦЦ
ʱ, dϰ˾ŸҵİһǸ·ԵĸdȻܵĳԵԶĪ١
͵ʳ¶΢ЦɵúáԸͷ
ڸȥȥѡһͷݸһ˵d
ţְͷɴС˳óͷָȵأֵԼǸͷصĻС
ȵ˿ԼͷҪ˵ؾͰͷͣǿлСͷ
Ҫÿġ
ͷʲôòÿüҪͷ
ذСͷڻ
С㲻֪Ҿϲ
СԴǸϣϷصСͷֵҧһͷ
Ǵϣط༥Ǹƨϣ
ȵͷȥסЦ˵Ĵ˵֣ɬͷζЦеСͷݸһ̻ʵd
磬㣬ȵˮӾͱˡ
d㶣ӹллܡ
ȵҲŸллأһ·Ƕڱǵлˡ
dˣɬס
ϣĸͬһϡ˯࣬Աߵ͸ܵܡ
շ糾͵ĸ·ϴˮݶ°ĵ˯ظжöסᡣ
dͬ뷨dԴմͷһᣬͷ˴һĺ
ͺȵȴƺ˹ǵĺǳȣ춯ȻţȻѡ
سŲסˣô˯ţո·ƣȴѸ׹硣
Ժʱ·˵Ƕݵһƹƹڶϣȴһ糣ǵĴһһ⣬ҹֻΡ
򵥳ԹʳҪ·ˡ
һƥü⼸ո·Ĵȸĥˣ˵ĵطΣֲ͵Ľų̣⼸һֱǿŲ˵ȸԽԽء
߶ʱܾͲ˵ˣ˵ĴٻصϷĦǻζһܵģص鲻ԽΨһֵҵľϵķ繻ܹͷǰһᡣ
ôˣͿվǰöûŲء
Ŷ͡
ز鲻Ը̧ȣȸһʹ
΢һ٣ҧأǿ˿˺ѵʹ࣬͵Ĳ״Ѱ˴
Ϊκ˵׸
ˣȴûأ˵һᡣ
½˴ӣҲ֪˵ʲôûһ˳κطǣ˼ǣƵǰȥ
͵첻ôˣ㡣
ĬĬһ
ϣڳݵؽ磬̫䵽ƽϵʱһķϵ͵ļ·ţҲԸ˯ɽһļϣ˨һᲱϣؽ
̳ܲɵ̺û˼ǳ̺вҰҰõĽӡ
d˷ݲʰ˯ĵط󣬾ʹŸԵѰˡ
Щ죬żܴ򵽳ʳȸҰãÿʱһٴͣ·ҲŵζϵƨףһѼªͽвֵҰҰ⿳һٲŷζ
ŵݵıϾͲŲˣȸ۵㿴˿ڣȴְڳܵóѡ
˵ʲôתעȴֱ˹
ҿǰ
ʲôһʱûعˡ
㡣˵
㡪åصڵ
å뿴ǰ׻ȣĥϡõȡʹӻͳһƴĹͷŤӣ¶͵ĸ״ǻҪĵҩ࣬Ҳһõġ
غҩࣺԼ
𣿡ͺɵšüͷ
У
ҩɣҪʲôҡͱȥ
㲻ȥسԾۡ
ˣϽͿҩٲ֣Ҿú͵ˡû
أôԵģ
ȷĽǶȿԼ󣬲鲻ԸѣСذȸ
Ĵȸϸ·ѾһʼĺױƤˣѪճճ㣬ʱ򣬺ְһƤ˺䡣
ڳزֵûãҧﻹǲɷ˲ĳ
ȸĻҲ뿪ˡصɤ˿˿հĶʹָˣһҲ˵ֻΥ־ҰģۿӶ¡
Сһֻֽӹߵҩޡ͵ϲŭƺ̾Ϣһаءӻû˵ȸӣϡˡ
ֲӿͷϥϣѲ˫˫͵ºµز£Ŭȥ
ͰסȣûͰӵģ㻹ʲôطӣ
밲οοϣû뵽⻰򶶵øˡһ
޸ƨֲʲô¶ͷľŮû㱧ʵʵĻ롣˫ȣһƵĶ˿ϡ
㡭㲻ѿö𣿡ز˼۳ҭ
ָҩĨ˵ƨϳʱ򣬱ѿˡ
жѿ
ϡáֺϣƨɶҺÿ
Ҳôһ¶ûУ
ƤĴڣܱ𣿡һҩĨһֻϣúɢȻͬСĶĨҩࡣء
ţֹ˿ñش
ܼǿһֻˬ֣ͷࡣϣףѰ˰


99 
¹˳ɫܶ, տͥԺҹɫıһ㸡ѩƮɢڼžҹɫ
ԭӦúϼһ, ŵƽʵԪλڱĺȴƲ
һɫӰı鷿, ȴ¹кͣס˽ŲؿŰڷͥԺеļª餡
ˮƵͨԺȻװ, ƣһء
ͷߵ, ˣ
Ժлصƿδ޵β
һ, š
ͷ­ڵ, սս̧ͷ֪˶ãǰڴ΢ĽŲ
ųٶ۵ĽŲŲ׵ܵĹǰ
׵ܽӲ׵ӻϣ, ߣŹľԵ, 
׵Ѿڵĵڣ˭ģ
ͷ콫·żȻһ£©ȫתꡣ
ӴŶʮ׷ֵһУ´ųӸϵʱ, ѾûϢͷ챯ȥţصѷϢ, ţز޷ֵܡΪöӾΪ´һӵзر, ֵѰ, ˡ
ͷһߵ, ԸлĹֵܣ
£ţȰҪһСǴ󲡳ˣ˿ֲ㡣
ˡͷֶݣٴһߵס
¶佾ݣȴ޵ķʸ֮ˡ꿴׵ܲҰ׵ʬһŮȻзͬѰĵط
Ŭ䵱龰ȻֵܺȾƣŮӣƺΪע
ͨɻã
뿴ӻͳͨϡ
ͨ˸һټѼƵԲۣһ߾ųߣһкӡŮӣֻ۾һͣ˿óģ⣬ʲôѰ
꿴ۣӡԺͨУ
˭ǽսҴˣʡ
ͷһսľع˳
սʱͽսǰӿ˵ʲôֵĻ
㿴ҿ㣬κһ˵һ仰ֵĴʶΪҪɱ˵Ҫ־ֻܹȢˡ
˺飬ͷ͡
أʡ
룬һãȻҡͷ
á껺Ǳ¶ǰԼְɡ
Ϊ֮һ
عһ̱һͷ޺ģʣɫҰףֱƹ֮ˡ
ˣһǵ׾һ국
Ƭ̺ɫҰ˳ĳԼĲӡ
ˣͷĿᡣ
޲ŹΨһͬĸѪס
תѪ
ԡ¹⣬ˮʯ϶һѪߡ
޶ԣޱ顣
ͣˣʣµòֽϲӡ
϶˼Ѫߣʱ㱻ɢѪˡ
ͷٴߵףʹ棬ӵѪΪһ塣
ˣѾ˷ŹǵļҾ졣
Ǳӣǳɡ
лˣм
̾˿ȥգӲ
ǰʬһˡ
ԺֻʣĬĺһͬĬʬ塣
ʾݰԵ׵ܣ¶վǺԼ㰲߰գ𣬴㱨
һīɫˮӴҴҲͥԺںǰĿӹһɨ
֣ڰ˳䡭
˻֣Źվ𡣼Ӳæ
ӲݵʹǷڸУ
ǣ̽µĿڷ磬֪ʱܼ֡Ӳģ֪ȷѾͶ·
Ѱͷȥɫһ䣬ܲݾڣΪұ쿪
ӲӦǣڽ
Ի˵һ壬ڽֳ캽ڣ˳ȡݡ
ִšӲҾ֡
ּǵãɽ֮ǰҰ£
Ӳҡͷ²ʦ¿ް꣬˵˵ֻͨƤë
㹻ˡļ򣬡֮ܰԼ֮£ɷ͵ٰܲ죿
úΣӲزУӲæһҾס
ԪռѽڣӲضЩȥͼž۰ɡ
ǡӲϹ餡
¡¶ҵһЦƽæڹ񣬶¶ڹ̣ܽҹҺúһ
ӲֹΪһ̾Ҿָˡ
꿴ŹнӲİ׵գˡ
ˡ
һӰӰʿ߳ϥںǰ
ǧѪ𲻵ò૵˵ļҾ죬ǳ˱·ա
ǧͷޱ顣
꽫߬õͨݸ˭ȡ¶ʹ˭ͷҡ

ͨˡ
Ƭ̺Ժֻʣһ˵Ӱӡ
ӭڰһԪ£ҹŸտʼ
ǧ֮⣬ھһѩ
ѩ˵棬סĳ˵棬бܼĵϣ
Ұûˣˮˣ޶ؽɽ֣˿Ƥ⣬ƺҲҲڵĶ
ǰһҰڵϸʽΪһҰǾͿɻ֡
Ҳʱݽ档
ݺ®ݽ紦һɽ£ڱܷɽȼա
мѩƮ£Ϊïܵľһװ
üͷذѽʣĸ
׽⡣
ôʡҲܰ뿪®ݡ
®ݣһټݲִܵݡںݣʳȱѾ֮࣬ǰǱŵݲС
ȭͷСͷǽʣʳ
һ·ϣ;жմţ׼ۣмУ㶵ﴧҲҲһһ׵ˡ
ǻˣȻִɽſڵؾϲе
æͷ¿ɽڣޣ֪ˡ
dȵһѩ˽
ôڴؿˡ
ȵɫȻҡҡͷ
У˼ԼҲûˣǮ
Ҳ
㻹ûأd˳
ȵջdڴʲôأͺȵûĻϣȴЦʵ򵽳Ե𣿡
ûСdҡҡͷ˵Ҽˣ
һֱ߬ߵȭͷһ̯ؿ
dë׵ӣǡҴѩģ
Ц
dٺЦ
ɫܿ찵ϸѩĴɽХɽĻźĲľżĳһöǣת˲ϨڱĻϡ
óһͷǰֳķ֣˳ȥķ֮һͷ룬Լֻһ룬һٴξָdȵˡ
dԥˣȵ˰Σ֪ʲôҲȥ
ͿأæҲ㹻ˡ
ûǿ󣬿ɽϣٵÿͷ顣
İķ֮һͷ룬һɰ
dھͳͷְѵϵͷҲϸĵؼˡǷƽضѵڣһĬĬdʳ
dѵϵͷмɨһȭͷһͽӡ
Сطֳӿǣӹģһͣ硭ԡ
ûܾС⡣dŰĶ׼أܾ̾ҲСһ⣬أdĶ׼ȵ
ȵһץ˴롣
㡪dɫ
ԼҪҵġȵЦ
ߣdߺߵˣǶ硭ƽң
һ󺮷Ӷڴ˽ñ˫磬Եͷˣϵϵһ飬ڽ£
𣿡ص֡
ذѱָģЦ䡣
û˵ʲô
磬ҺͶҹɡȵѾҹôȥҲֲס
š
ҹ˯ɽ棬˯ԣҹȵd
dΪȵһץߴһ仰Ҳϸ˵
ȵɫ糣·𲢲Ĵޡ
⼸ճԵ٣ö࣬ټո·ȸ˺ƣֺãÿҹĻپƣûã˯ȥˡ
ҹоһůĻȺĻůıܷۣ˷䣬ס˵ϵӲزԾԽԽ޲ðȫѽԴ
ʱ֣Ұ׵ĳƤϣ˯ԺҹԴһΣȻڱӲĵϣ͵һ£Ա߿һˡ
ʶѰ͵Ӱ
ɽſڣϲŭĪ߶ȼһҹϨ
dȵӰ˨ɽſڵһƥһȴһû١.
ôˣ۾dأ
䣬ͿͿĶ
Ĳ𣬶ŤŤһ֣



100 
ȵdˡ
˵д˵, ûκζҲûдκζ
ѩĴغХţһ, ȵŵûдκʳ, ȥѩȥ
ѩһҹĺۼǵĽӡʧӰ٣׷ǵĺۼ, Ҳ޷
غܵ͵ķӦ, Ծǣһֱ侲, ٿ侲d˲δֹһ, ǵ뿪Ҳһδá
óһͷ룬һء
, ؿ
Ͻ԰ɣǸ·ڻ
ֹ, ٴο۵ϵϢĬĬؿ˸ɵõɬɤͷ
ͱȳ꣬ϵ˳ȥ
ȥĶæʡ
̫, Ǵߡͣ½Ųͷһ, ȥҸط, Ҫȥĵط, Σվʹ, һϻ
صͷͲֵĶ˳ȥ
صɽĬĬʱ䡣ϸϸѩ֪ͣˣհ׵ûۣչӻҰɫƲ͸ϨδϨĻ
ڲȫչ֮ǰͿֻˡ
һѩȼյĻϣ˵߰ɡ
ص˵ͷ
ͷز룬Ҳһݡ󣬴ǰ
ͬǸ·صȴճ˲٣ӦҲͬ죬˱ҪĶԻ⣬ڶԳĬ
·һׯһ˼ҽޣ˵˵һӻҰˡ
ϵʱسҰࡣνҰ࣬ǳҰ˼һˮɵĽ
ͶһСڵ룬ؼڽꡣ
շ룬һСֲڸͷ͵ݵǰ
ģʡ
سЦˣ貵ıҫг
ұġ
ϡա
ټûĵЦЦͷԼɬĲ
ͷû˵һڣ˶٣üͷһţȻһ۾һˡ
࣬üͷڿĿɿˡ
ѽ˵
ú𣿡ʡ
Ѻȡ
ɵɫ
ͷһһطŽ׽ÿһֵۣĭɢ΢΢ٽʳ֮ζθ
԰׵¹⣬ֽĴͶӳ
խɢżͷĸɵݣڱĿϣԶһ룬ϵѡǽӳӰӼͷ֣һԴ
¹⾲ĵģⶼ㾲һ޴ķĹ
ôõɫ㲻ʫ𣿡غȻڣϢڴ̹ǵĺһ
Ϊ˻ԾգȸԾ
ʫ׿ɾֱ£дǧŵġҹ˼ģ
ͳ˳ǣ¶һԳЦס
Ͱ˵Ҫ룬Ҳд䡶ҹ˼ĺʫ
ͳƬ̺¶һЦõı顣
ڰοң
ҡ˵ʵˣȷʫ츳֮£ԾͿʼ㡣
ûн꣬£ȸɡ˵
ѾȥȵԭŵĿøӵͳˡ
ϣѧϣȵ˺ݣһҪȵƨľϡװûвصգ˵
ûںݼǣ˵
š
غԥ
ĿƮĳƵ۾ϡ
š
ֱ۾¶ȫȻЦݡһ͸ʯĹ⣬ѤĿٿص˳ڡ
Ϊʲôʡ
Ϊdȵ˵ˣһޱȣһǶıǺһʲôĿȥ
˵һһأ
ġٴһڷ񶨡
ȸѾһˡ
ɫᶨ˵ڶΡ
ΪʲôͿ۾
رֱػӦߣһ˵ΪͷΪdĴ⡣ЩΪҪʡʳչd
Ϊһô࣬ʵжңѾֵܡֿ֮ˡҲţضǵѡ
ȸҪۣ°뱲˵һȥЦ
ضκ󣬷ʲôƵģ¶Цݡ
Цˡ˵
ҲһֱЦ𣿡ͱؾ
ǼЦ粻ЦءرԹʱɫѿҶҸ˵
Ϊʲôң˵
ػû˵־䵽Դϡ
ḧķѵձøͳֻҪ㡪
һ
˵Ӷ׿ӵʱҲܸ˵
ҲŲҪرɫ
Цϣ˯ɡ˵öԣȸûʲôֵõĵġǾϵݣܾǼˡ
ؼ񣬸˵ص˵ͷ
ͻָ糣ӯࡣ˽˯£ϸ˯俻ǽǲ࣬ƺ˯Զ˱ӣԼһЩ
֣ȻȻֻڴȡůδϡ
ŬߴԼ˯۸·ȴ֪ؿıӰ
ʮǰΪЬײȵţʺһҹ
ȴ˯ڱĿϣųֲůĸʽǱͼȶȡ
ԭǸ
ԭܿࡣ
ǹҲܿࡣŵȢΪܿࡣ
ء˵
ţǽ洫˯Ժ
޸ң𣿡
ڡ
ػشٶȿ쵽ɣʲôûС
û׷ʡ
ԭǽ֦ҶĹڳԲůȸĥƣշ糾͵ظ·ûеһᣬͷο
ڣǻޡ
еǣҲسɹѹȥ
ض˵Ĺ۲ϸ΢ȵûѾ¶ͷ֪ڳҲҪdĴ⣬Щǰı͡
d֪ʲôмƻʳڶ졣
Ϊdʳ£һֱϡȵdʳԽӹ˱dʳ
ʱ;d뿪ˡ
ģһŶѡ
ڶ첻Ŵ뿪Сɽ塣ԽߣϵѩԽϡĽųҲԽ졣
ճ·Ъӳպ󣬵ϵĻѩûˣشԼʡһͷҲûˡ
ƹһϿȺǴխ᫵ɽ·˻Ȼʵƽԭϡ
ǡزֱ塣
ĵطڵϰŮһѵĳǰƽԭϡ


101 
ɵĳ, Զ׳ɵͷѡ˽ӶĶβ
ǵĽӽ̰Ŀľϸ, ԼͬؼµĴϡ
һ߰ĺӳŴ˼οˮ
͵ȺɨɨһɫݻƵߡԼߵüѷ, ȴûӣ˻ţнһ޼ʵĻĮϡ
, ʵ˼, ǴĶģȥĶ
̧ͷ˿, ƺض˵òǲǻ, Ͼɫɡ
Ǵ˵㲻ȱǴȥһܡ
˼, Ǵɾ˽ݺݣ̲ס
ʵҲʵġͣ, ߵĻش
ߵĿغһɨȻ׾طɣ
͵û
̾Ϣҡͷֵһ, ˣ붼÷Сݱ, ѾӢڶʹɾѹˡǾݵʱ¥¶ƽʬ塣еıҰȮ, еˡҺ·ʱ, ȶӶˡ
Ȼ, ԤϵĻҪϰٱ
תĶᵽɤһеˡǵǷӹһ٣
زϸ롣
ڽͷأͷô׸ϣռ˵ĺƹ񣬽թյĵϰ壬춹ĵƴճĶЩˣǶ
غ޲ھͲϳɻȥ鿴Ƿ񰲺ãǸɻأµľҲû˿
Ψһģ·չԼ͹Ϊѡ
ΪݺݵЩ˵ģͺȻɫˢس䳤
ĺӳӽӲµǰǸŴʿˮĺӲ֪ʱǱƨɺصĺɰ֡
ŵɫ԰ףϽ߬Լĺɰ
ķƿ棡
һ£ӾͰˡޱ飬
СɻƵĺڵâ壬鲻Ըջ֣㬵ܻȺһµ§סͯÿͼ޵Ŀ⿴ϵˡ
ɨһȺˣתͷһУݣ

رߵһͷײͻ
ϣɽš˨ڶ⣬ӲϰŽµѩأʱʱͷʳڳĿݲݡ
̺˯ĵطתͷһüͷһűʯͷϣһϸϸ֦רڵдд
߹ȥһȵڻͼ
ֵͳԾˣ̧ͷ˹ϵã
ôϵã鷿ɽͼд˸ұϾ·д˸㡪ôд˰ɣù֦ýŲȥġ㡱֣дˡ塱ȥ
ԣݡٴβߵġ֣дˡ油ȥ
ʲôʡ
߾ݣݣǵݣٳȥǾެˡ
زȫ˵⼸ݣڵ⣬Ȧһдެ֡
λ֦ϵͼȦ
˵κֵµļģࡣҺߵ磬ڻҲ߲ˡ
ʱҲ͵ľ
Ҫû뿪ʱ׶༪١
ܰѴͼ𣿡ʡ
ЩԾ룬ļªͼھܻҪϹذ͵Σûʱ䣬
𾪵ؿһֻ˵
Ҳûѽһ޹
ȵ˺ݣ͸һ͵
ԥƬ̺󣬴ӦˡԺҪŴѾģͼҲûйϵɣ
ҿȸӡ
Ѿˣغ֡
˵Ϲһš
ĺˣֻЩѣûһƤѪˡװЦҲһƤˣܿЩˡ
ܿЩƨٱϡãû˵ӱʯͷվ֦ӽ˵ȥҵԵģңߡ
ÿһΣⶣߡܹ飬ұԹ߶֪ˣ
ţƤˮ߳ɽû˻Ӳѥγһذ˹
Ϸ
ؿŵǰѿܴذףûбѡȴ߳ɽ
ֻõذɢ˻磬Сڿ
ҵȣʱϵ֦ȼյĻѣȵͷҲԽԽѰʱڻˡ
ģֲ龥ֶ˶Ұϵˮ飬ˮݸء
Ȱɣһһˡ
ؿڿʵòУûȡͣʣأ
ϪߺȹˣȰɡ͵ԭ
㡱֣䡣
ҡҡͷУˮӵĹ׻ɾʲôûУͱСˡ
ʧ¿ι״ֲ龥˼ⶫǸʲôζ
Ϊ˽ʡˮ˼ʪĺͰˮ͡
ͰˮʣˮһʯͷСƹʯͷ϶ڵĹסڱʯͷشҪذףȡ˵ʣˢˢ¾˲ֲ֪龥ĴֲڱƤ
ؿǰѴѥóذףֹ˺üΡ
ˡ
еĳԾͲˣƨһʳǲҪʱġ
Ƭɫ龥ҰһɽܿƮ˵ζֲ龥һҰˣԭ٣˹ܿС˴룬̳ĸɻһС붼װ
԰ɡͰݸ
أʡ
ҳԹˡ
ʲôʱԵģ
·һѣ߰˸񵰡üͷңһֱû˵
ģغɵ
ҶƤʹ󷽷£͵úܣֻȼѹһѹ
ǽʵĸһ¶ŵæƿĿ⡣
Ҫȥ򲻸ҵġ
͵̫ϿңĻ񵰳ԵĻȷʵûʲô
ӹ룬ϸ뵭ɫĲ
˵޵ڱǼ⣬ضһζûеһ˿ϣȵʱȴ׻ճĿڸУ΢ȵζһ˲ԼڳԱĴ
ЩŻ³
һԿרע
סˡסˣס۾ҧȹˡ
ʱȫ־ѹͼ
ûζΣΪʣµĲʣȥʱҲüͷˣ˭û˷Ѷ֭
غȻ뵽˲ǰţ档
ֻǼǰ£ȴһô
⼢ģʲôʱǸͷ
ΪʲôŶ޶
յ˵޹ؽҪ
Ǵ೯͢αȨǴڵѵ˰ȴ˿ṩκαϺͱӻ
ػɥ׼²ѪϵӴ֯ǴӺδʱ𣬳⡣
Ϊʲô೯͢ˣαȨҲˣ
ˣ˵ķնġ
ʹֵص˱ϣ˫ֵԺĵ
ˮˮףӵֻҪ˻ţһжõġ
ֻҪ˻ţһжõġ
Ĭһ飬ĻĪŲɡ
һжõġ


102 
ڶ, ؾͱ߸OO@@ˡ
ΰѵ۾һѳ׽¡
ھ𣿡ʡ
̫ߡ˵ȥҵԵġ
Һһȥ
ȥʲô, һ񡣡ӹɵɽңĶȥ
ػһ, ѾǽǵˮͷҲص˳ȥ
, Ҳû˯ˡ, ڻѱ, ֦˴
˵, ܸȻ֪Ϊʲôһȷʵͦõġ
ǲܴ̫ࡣϴճôĻǵȼ˽ĸɲݡ
سʱ䣬ҹ˯ı۵, ССһŽϵáɾĹҲŽרŴرߵİһкػʰ׵ɽ, ˡ
˵, ѧ
, һǰ, ԴҲ벻
ǿʯͷϣںеС, 񶨶ɽڣϤӰ֡
ƿŨصĳһĨʱʹ˳, һϸֳĶ
ضһ, ë, ŵôʯͷϵҲˣ
ߡ
ʲôߡβͣһվ˦ɷ֡
׽߸ʲô
ػǲ׿
һ߽ͺˣֱɫߡֱɽʯڣ޿ˡ
Ǻöڱʯͷ£һʯͷϣұͷʯͷһ߸Ƥ¶ʺ⡣
Ѫ˳
ֱߣ촽Ѫ֮
ؿˡתȥֱٴδ͵߰ɡ
ת߻ڣͰڴϣͷһɵվŸʲô
һΪҪˡͣµ
Զ˷ѡüɺܶԼ죬ųѪӵ̫ϧȡ
æҡͷ
ǾֻҺˡ˵Ѫ󲹡
Ķ˼ʡ
ζسգգۣҪ𣿡
صڵغˣƨ˴ۣѪƨɣ
ͷ󣬴ӻͳ಻ĹӸ
ߡ
أʡ
ǴϣȻժӵʱͳԹˡɫȻҲҰѶƤԱ󣬸
زϴ𣿡
ϴˡƨ˵Բ㣡
ذһۣССһҧȥӱȿĺóԣȻᣬڽܷΧڣ֭ˮ棬ŨŨĹɢ
Ͳסǰ˫һУԶǰⲽ߳
һҧһڡ

ӻȴûȥתͷɵؿ͡
ʲôڽУ
ӽˡ˵
ҶûС
ǾǰƵĶӽˡĲ˵
ƾǿµĴԴ͵ιʱֺҲʼŽдˡ
һ·˲û崫ͳȡԴΪȸӵĳͷ
ģ
ġ͵ıϿҡ
Ĺ⣬ɡ
߳ɽ֣½ƽԭµ飬˶Ƽݣƾһ죬㡱ϣ㱳磬ȻȻһİĵطȥ
֪ڵͼʲôλãһ죬һ˫ȣһ΢ϣɽˮ
ǵĶÿն׼룬ÿҲоʧѾһ˾ռߵ£߰ĺͯ治ɫؿֹͣʬ塣
ǣؾ;ãԼܵĿ㲻ÿࡣ
еʱҲãڵԼܿࡣڹʱѹֳƵģʲô˲ϲ£ڣÿһնǷɵģηηţսľؿɫ
ϳ־ö޿ײʹ࣬϶ݶǳʹͱòֵһᡣ
Щ죬̫׸Ⱥ·һҹ֮䣬ȫֵź㷽ӿˡ
زɵģܲܽɵסôѵİա
ļģԽףٸһʼͻ֣÷չء
Ϊ١֮ϵĶײ㣬ȴʼ԰ԱڵȨŭ
ԴķŭĮѾЩˡ
ˮۣɸۡ
ʱѶļ򵥵˸ֱ֣ʱ˿̣
̫䵽ƽʱһֵʯɫһᣬ˵ǳ®ˣٹȥݵĵ̡ݣǺˡ
źѽҲɿࡣ
Ǻdȵ˭ȵأ
·һͲⶼ˹ҹػδǲĿµĴϡ
ûٿǰˡ
˯İȺ۵ĵطԸȥɽɽҹ
ȥʮĵطҵ˿Թҹɽ
ɽʰɽʰϹҹĵطѾֹؽԾøԵ¡
Ѻ̫ҲȫȥˣͷֻʣһСʱѡ
߽ɽҪ˵Ѿ֪Ҫȥʲô
ͳһֱںɰԼķһܵĹӵݳȥ
·ϳԡ
Ϳӣ̧ۿûԣ
Ҹһġ˵һ·ʲôûԣԸӲ
ͳĬƬ̡
ذѹЦҾ㣬ĶҲȥ㰲ȥɡ
ؿɫݡúŹתȥ
Щʱʹȭͷ˶ٵֲ龥ˣ滹մŲ
ͿĿܣ͵ûˮҲϴĵطˮˮҲˡ𣿡
ҧҧ˵ܡ
ͳЦЦƺ˵֪
ϴȥ˿龥ǲֲڵӲƤгƬôͶտС
ĶҲװˡ
غû׵Ŀ龥ݸ͡
·ϳԹˡ
ûôúŪˣɵԵʲô
ҳԵɽ˵ҪûֻĸǾпˡ
ģ
ġʹú
ó˵
ʲô;
زɷ˵ù֣ŵǰһš
ƭˣüŭĿϸûζ
ϴˡѿڶ
ող˵ûˮԴĶϴ֣ôģ˵ѣ
֣ϴˣƭʲô
¿ˮ̣ҲҲ취Լ˵ѡɴฺŵϣҲˣ㰮Բԡ
ˣٳԡ˵
ͣصɴ۾Ĺĵؽе
ʲô
ƨ˲Ųæؿ
صۿʪǰ֮˵ıҲڻ
㡪أʲôޣ㻹ûѸأ
ٲԶҾҪɹѸˣغſǻ˵
ޣ˵ʲôģϽ޵Ҫģ
붫Ե
˵ѾԹˡ
Ứ˸һ⣬տڡ
ҳԣҳԣͶ롣
ȺȹȻ͵͵̧ۣصɫỨգҲգض֪⿲ôҲӲȥˡ
˵ɣһһ顣ȻҲˡ
룬˵ͷðɡ
һƬһƬطֳ˿龥òͱ˶ӡ
ҹɽƮâĴ̹ꡣ
˯ţͽ͵ںص£Լ˫֣ʱʱһůıӡ
˯Ҳû˯š
֪˶ãȻ֣ء
ţӦ
Ͱӣӵ뻳С
ΪһԴҲһ͵¶ȣԴԴϴ˹صϣؿڣϡ
ͱԻѣӢͦںĻ
Ŀ⣬ܵһﴫĲҲʹţŷǿҵ
Ͳˡ˵
֫Ӳ޴롣
Ƭ̵̺ؿڵӰ
š


103 
һ·, غڶ³һݾڡ
ݺͺ֮ɽ硣
һ·ж裬һ߸ƽһɽİΪһʱճݵİΪսף
Ϊӵ̫, ճݵ֪ϰ䷢ԼΪ̵ı׼ÿҪǵ񲻵òĴɵũΪĲƲ
dȵ, һֽЯһ־Ͳˡ
ô, \\\, عͨ˳顣
ؾŶǵĳʱ, ЩƼݵ, ˵ĸҹܼʱܡ
Щͷԣʢˣͷֱ̼үĹܼ, ǷҲݹٸӰӣϿôƫƫͬã
ݺ, ûϢ, ֱݵڳء
һ·ĺس˵, ΪڳظΪַ, ˵ԶԶݵ
ڳصĴ, ˿ܵĵӰ졣³ȹĹСϣﲻٽ̵ֵ϶ŹõĹϹġƮϤȴİ⽡ġζ, ̼ؿյθʹ١
ֱʱ, ĥڽʵС
̼ܶ, ٵˣٷˡ
ڿͣϴˮ裬׷˯Ⱦ
һ룬ؾͿƲסۿ⡣
ͨнܣڶ̶̰ھʵǽŵĵطʵؿŽܵĺԺ󣬵ͷ͵͸ǩ޺ͬʽ⴦λڳĺԺ
ʱͶһǮЩþ
ͷһ¾ϴ衣
ϴһɵѾʪͷæˡǮİЧʺܸߣԺưߡվǰ
ȥҿԲֽȴֻҵԼոùһ顣ֻʪֽվŽͷϲȥ
ֽҸողͷˣ㽫һ¡˵
ͺӦһһĬŵϵĶһϥԶߡ
ػһյʱ䣬šʪĳˡ
վֱ壬㻹𣿡
ȥĶԥ
С˵Ͱײˣϰӡ
ȥ˵ȵңһ㡭һʱ䶼Ҫ
˷ܵرݣͭѻδȫĳݲȻһͨѣ±ǰԺ
˨ԺİƼŵģмش˸ǡ
͵㼱ʲôֲһߡ
С̫ûȥˡ
һģ̫ϵ̻ˡΪδļУеͷҲпɰ
˳źһ·˼ңڳгȥ
ԼһÿмſڶرĲǰУV֣Ͳһڷǰ̸ۣ販ʿź˳Ĳڱݲ輼ˮӸߴ뱭ȴûн˿ˮһۿĳ߸кá
Զһŵӵĳũؽֽմժ߲ˡ
ЩƯ߹һ·ԵĿ龥ҰȻͬǿЩûʳģĿˮѾʼˡ
һʣһִֺķֻҪʮͭǮǮּĵѶ򲻵
ֱõͥ
˵ˣԸΪūҲҪݵ˵ͬˡ
ϰ壬ǰôһǰͣ
һٶʮһٴɷϰ˵
ô󣡡ͽеҸոʵ̱˶ˣ
һ±Ƶؿ
ⲻǼĵһ
ķҼӣʲộϰҲʳɻ⡣
ôûУֿҺ·ڣиõС뵽ûû뵽ô󣡡
ɢģôܺұȣϰšüͷҲ֪Ǵʲôϰµ⣬һˣô죿
ҲҲôģû𣿡͵ϰ壬磬ʲô
ϰ岻ԣš
ҽѼˡէӢۣٴǼȻӢͬ͸ҸӢۼ۰ɣҼÿճԵ⣬ԺӢȫˣ
Ӣۼۣڣ
ͲûڵdȵˣѲİҲˣ
ĿɿڴؿĲϰĿȻƨˡ
Ǿһһʮһͼۡϰ˵
ٴνƣǶӢۣʲôͼֱۣˬһӢۼ۰ɣ
ϰ¶ͣҪ˵ͻһתĳ
ϰ壬֪һڽղŽĺݣǮˣɰʣôһǻҪͣÿͭ嶼һ㿴ӣ̥ˣһ㶼ûȫǶģ
غȻΪģһû
̥£˭
Ͱַļͷеؿ˵ԸǱʳһ⡣ȻҶͭ岻࣬һҪʵԸ
أ
԰ʮͭһӢۼ⣬ˣƤزϰ˶ķʱ졣
ĬĬһУϣԼʱҲܰһȭѧ
⣬«Զг۵ļ۸۵Ĵײˡײ˵ĸػ̥ȻԣĵһͨͨĶֺܲ˵ǳ˾Сӡ
Ц˻ӹܲл˵Сһ¾ҪһҳԷ
ƨˣϷ
ҪСӣ͵һ¿¾ǰȥ
ײ˽ĲϺŴСĶĺԺŶ˳ʰǰԺİǣԺóι
ưƣڲȱˣſ԰ɡİƵëؿһ·˴Ĵ󹦳
˦˦βͣƺڸ˵ػӦĻ
ذٺðƺ󣬻صǰԺĳ뿴ûʲôԼæĵط
հʱ¾ɵӣһʰѾþˣͳ߶øɸɾģҲʹ˿վ̨ǰͽֲ۵Ĵӣ׻۴ӷڴɳСɫĴϡ
ʲôҪҰæ𣿡غض
͵𣿡
޹ؿ
ڰϵ۶˸ѣˮ֮ȥһߺͣһ˵һҽ㡣
ãصͷʲô
ײϴˣУûʲôҪġ˵ȥ˯ɡ
Ҳ˯˵㡣
ô˼ڸɻһȥϢ
ʲô͵
˵ġ
еġ
һ˵ţһ߲ϵĴ๦ڰ𽥳͡
ȵ˺ݣ֪ô𣿡ʡ
ȵֲɵֻҪ˺ݣǰ취ҵǡͷҲ̧ҲʱǵˣϢҵġ
Ǿͺá
һûһغ˵Ż֪žͺͺˡͰŸһʪĽӣ󣬷ֳһСļӡ
ԸҪæһʼֵļӣдСɺ󣬾ͺһһǸļӡ
ֺֺ֮õļӷֱߦɰôĽƤû£ԸѧǰĽƤһʼֳֺ񣬺ͱù˱ˣ˵ʦߦĻҪÿ
˴£Чʷɿ죬һֺİţһͱݵø߸ߵĽƤ
Ƥ׼ˣ̫Ҳ䵽˵ƽϡֻڶˡ
ôǰּӺߦƤĳɹİٱʵ
ô
һŽƤһڷŵƤַɿ춯¾£˽Ƥ
۾ˣֻˢˢ£һҶͽӾͳġ
ôģؾŴ졣
򵥣ʾһ顣˵ţһŽƤˢˢ£ؿĶҶȾͳˡ
һ㣡ؼˣʲôûأ
ҿ죬̫ˡ˵
ظҪ;ͽԼվλá
Դ֣һŽƤ˹
ͷ㿴ˡ


104 
⡢⵹ǿ, Ļ˼ȥӣ
ǺҪͻӳֱһ𣬾ְŪ˻
㲻ϸ, ֲ֪ôˡ˵ţĵĽƤ˵һ޳
㡪ռұˣ
ϺӣҲ֪Ļߵġ
ٴͼǱ, Ҳٴα͵ĳ۸Ȧ˳
˭ռˣռұ˾ˡһַſƤմ۵ָסص°ͣǿͷ档㿴ãһΰ㿴ѧᣬ㡣
رѼϼܣֻõɴ۾۾ؿڶޡ
һΣÿ޶úʮָƤ, 䱻ᵽϵλ, ¶СϵһƬɫη
ÿһ޵γɣĦ
ʵĸ첲ƵƵļֱ, һȵӲʯͷÿײҪǿԼĴڡ
ȵĺеͷƤϣİİ顣ػӲҶӲض𽥱εĽӡ
ûУ, ƫƫҪͷ, ˵, ҪҪٽѧϰһ£
˲ˣ޷ٽô롣ҿˣ
ģ˵
ģ
ɡÿǰλã˵ĻҾͽٽһΡ
䡰вĸиӦŮʦԵ̬ȣսսذһȦɵҶȡ
ܰضһ
ŴԼﵮĵһӣױƵصݸͣ㿴
͵ĿϣƬ̺˵
ϧ
زƨƨ˳Լĵһ˱ǡ
ͷ֮͸ðˡ˺ܿһڣذڷŰװֵҶȡлżз»ȡ
ҶȵĻϣײչȺͿȡƤùû񫣬ԼٰһΡ
Ӱˣֻʣһ¹
ӽĽӸ·ڵĿˮͨͨº󣬹ָƽӽ˽ڹ׵Ľӣճճһ
ذǸԲĿȱƮ롣
ˮֵһˮȥ
ɻΪʲôҪˮ
ĽƤơԼ
Ȼ֪ʲô˼ͼȻôȻԼĵ
һҪĽӾʲôζ
һˮȵĴˮ©ףҨ˹װֵĽӡ
Ѿӵζزĭ
Ͷ˸֥պˮ
صºȲӡ
㳢
ͿںѾõĿӡ
ŽƤ£ĿȾʢĿСؼպˮŽϵ飬ذĥѺĵһʳŽ
ôͿ
غ˵ͷ
һµļȾһڣجˣص˼䡣
ϡָĨȥ۽ǵ飬˵һ㣬֮ǰµĶ
˵ͷ
ʳǰõؾǳԣ
һڵĿȣٴηҧһڡ
˵һֻ棬ôڶھϸʡϸϸƷζſеײڽӣƤڶÿһ㶼ë
ǧٴδĽƤһȥİײڱƤǰ÷ʱ찾ʴڷʶ壬֭棬ϸϸ׽ʱʱҧڰײľϲ飬ְڵ㡣
ˬڣƽһ˿ˬζһֻڶƤһ˿Ľӣպһùֽպˮþ˪ײ˺⡢ζͬʱڿûʲôȰײӰº̲ʳʺ;ĳθ
һ˾ŸӣͻԽӵ¼
;ˣһ治ɫسʮĽһɨա
Աذһʰ˲о֡Ȼʲôû˵ϴʱȻĬ֪һȵ
dȵ֪ʲôطܾطͺˡ
ǣҲǡ
ԴһжȻˣòͼﶼġ
ˣܵܳأ
뵽˴ûǳԱ˳ȥתתɡ
ƨֽ̧ۿ
Ȼȷʵԭ򡭡
غôʲôͣ
߰ɡ
ͰϴɾźãҪʪܵĨ׼ۼֿ죬һԵĲֽץס֣˲ϵˮա
һԲؿΪ
ز֣Լ㣬Ц߰ɣ
ĺԺĿĵİĳ
һɽ֮ݣݾһԴ˿Ӱ졣
ùϦʳ½½棬ŵƽʣ˿֮У޿ײ롣⽵С̯Ѿһ˳еζȴδȫɢһǺ«ͷСЦܽһӡСŵִ߽ߺȵʱʱﱬĴЦڸǡ
ڳصĽͷοС
֮Уо
ڳأ»ս𣿻ũҸͶ
λүˣʳõɣҼ洫طһȥˬ̹ؽֽСŵǰ
𣿡Ϳء
Щ棬˵ͷ
ͳĸͭ壬һͲݸͲһڣͿʣô
ȷʵС˵ˬɿڣҶȻʣ޵õǡڸ˳²ζڣټļ۸յ˵ͷ˿ݵۣ
ܺȡ
ȹ˼ǰȥ֪֣߳˻Ǻӱߡһ£ҪһģؿԾӿСһĸװο
ΪǶ˵ӡѹػԼԼǵ̸
˵ģѾİľܡ
ұͳԲۻھһȥҲôⰡ
Ӿӻ˵ﶼʼˡǲҰ
ֱǡӣҪô
һ̾Ϣ˶صĳĬԶ˿Ʈ
أĿͶ򻺻ʵĻǺӡ
е磬Ǵ๫磬ƽƽİ֮ܵ硣
ڹпôãǧٿףеĵطŶŧ
жˡ
ǽҸͶũ񣬶ǹڰϵӴ֯ˡǰסߵҲסǰߵĺ
빬һ꣬ѾǰسѪϴʳǵѾɥĲǣһʼҲճϢͨǸܶΪĹٸǴ߻˱
α۵Ȼ񼫣Ҫ׷һеס
ز룬룬Ͳ뾭ѵҪˡ
ǴĹôôأ
ذյҡҡͷҪ治˼룬Щͷȴ񸽹֮һ˸
ֻҪ˻ţһоͶϣ
Ĭ͵Ļ
̫Ӱ֣ǸմǸ


105 
ײ˽ӡצţ⡢ع
µʱ, ͱŻͷ̾ļҳʳ
ϵȴܴãȻÿնʷ׵͵ĻԽԽ, ſڷʱҲԽԽࡣ
ڳͣʱ䣬dȻûκϢ
֪Ѿ봺ˡÿյڳ⣬ԴҪǵһձһ, ³Ƚһ죬ȫϾˡ
ȽԡҪһ죬ػڹеʱһջʢĹ硣ջҪдϵµĴϴдԡأŮ̫Ҳֵˮ趹Թԡ
İһͬţǳȺӵӱ¶ԡΪͼϴȥ, 顣
̤ͬһص, δŮܿϪˮĵطԷײ, ֳ
سڳصʱز죬¹ȥѾȫ˽ַھӣǹ̵ĳɩĵ, ϲżʱס, 罻̸С
ǵ֪Ѿɻ, ʧ˼졣
Ȼˣذ߾ųߺкӵʱǻһڴӦ
Ϊ˴лЩŮˣػ˼ʱ˵͸ǣǸ˵ǹߵһ͡
ϣҲߣʱ򶼰ԼԺغ˵һƨƨɵ߳ӣ߻ȥͳĬӰȴ͸һĨ
ӰѮǰ;ûdȵ˵ˡһµĲʱʱصԺѵdȵٳ
û⣬Ӧøϵڳ˲Ŷԡ
ʲôͬʱס˵Ĳز롣
Ƚ죬˵ߣȻӦ·ȴʼ²ߡҹԺˣϰԵȥëŲλûУȴ߿յġ
˯͵ʾѹ
ͣһⶼûлӦ
´߳ݡ
ǰԺûˣûˣԺûˡ
ͣ
վںȻտԺԾ˿ǻ
ϣ̧ͷ
һϤͷ
̧ͷһֻ˵϶ӣȷûѼӡ
Ķأػŵ
ǰʮת̧ͷ͵
հ죬ǰʮת̧ͷ
ϣ˭Ͽӻûأֵ
ڲ׽Դ˳ƨ˵һ˾Ȼݶовˣ
ôȥģĴѰ\ӵӰƫǽҵ˴ݶľ\ݡֻѰͣôԵ\Ӷû֡
ݶʲôΣհز

ûϹݶ
ڿˡ˵\ӾǶ㰮ϲϣϾͻȥ˯
ؿ֧ȣɵص־һԵľ̳ͷʹһµݶϹҧҧվľǰ
\£ǰ붼룬ø֪ڹ˼һ²ֹ
ڣĸˣ뾭ѵҲ˲١\ӣʲô˵ģ
ϵһľݣƴ󲿷յζʮ档
˫סľߣһһ׵زȥ£и˷ܣ⣬չһ̣ǻʹ˹հĻܡ
ԽԽ죬Ŀ֣ηһľϲŷһֱľݶˣ\ӱƽ⡣
زΪĽݣסͳһֻ֡һݶ
ûסײ͵Ļһݶϡ
Ŀԣ
ͶؿһԲ
ɢĳٲ£ܽ
͵ĺ˶
š
ءӾ͵ĺףȷ𣿡
Ȼ񣬻ţչ̵ش
ɫɢٵ
´Ҳˡ
´ˣغ
ǣ˵
ĨЦÿ죬ת˲Ҳʧˡɫƽûй飬˫һɷ۾һ̶Ԩ
һָȹڣ״ڵd𣿡
ˣʲôõĵġ
Ϳס̳ͷһڡ
Һܵǡ˵
û˵¾̳ĬĬīɫĲ񷡣
Һһһʱ䣬ʧȥϢﵣģԷʱdճʲô˯ʱȵʲôҶˣ㵣ܵܣʲô˼˵ģزͷųĬͣ˵Ѱ˰仰ѵ˭ҵģ
󡭡ҲȵƵϣܣһûж˵ֿϿҵ˵Ȼﲻʲôæȴ˵˵ܱһܡ
ǰڹʱ򡭡ÿռЩŮ̫࣬Ը˵Ը˵ˡʵҲ﾿ʲô
ͣȹڵֱȹڡ
֪ˣȴԶһ˵ζ˶٣̧ͷֱ͵ʲô˵Ҫǵãһֱ
˵˺ܳһλΪΪ飬˵ö϶һֱûд
Ŭ֯ԣͼԼʵرֳ
ʱһһΰ˳ʱҲ߾ȫһѡ
һһٵͣ㲻һˡ
ս̳Եһû˵
¹ݶϵƬһ⣬ҹ紵Ŀ¶ˮĸ
صֺȻסˡ
ȵƵĿƵؿеһĨڸաôã˵ˣ
ˡ
ˣ׽סʹԴг롣
͵ֻ˵ʱӲŻô졣
زס
⻰˼ѵǡ
ƬϵӰԽԽ¹µͱƽĨ٬ҹľ
㡢ҪʲôؽͰ͵
ְסĺԣס·
ӾϣҪҪҵӣ
⣬촽ϡ
ʱ·ֹͣˣȴֻеͷ͡
ǻ֮࣬ƿ
ȵϢѾ촽ϡ
ڶĤأƮɢڿҹ¶ϢƮϱǼ⣬عʹرۡ
ԺźȻ
磡ɩӣǻˣ


106 
Ѹײڶ֮ƴߵˡ
̫, һŲȻƬЩƬ䵽ϵƬһǡ͵ס
ɫѿ˵¡
ؾǰһĻûֱ˫, Ʈźҵ˵ͷ
Ժ, ȵƺΪ˯, ƽö, ǲ֪˭ˣһûһߺ磬ɩӣǡ
֪˭ˣŭ
ݵûˡ
Сϵdȵһ, ȵɫأˡһ˴ĺ¡
£ڳˮ𣿡dһڡ
ˮһڳԶȵĶd˵, , ȥջסһ, ١
û˵꣬Ժžʹ͵شˡ
dȵһһҾŶ, ͬʱšԺš
ӻΪʬҰˣֵ, ʱʱñ˭, ʲô˼ӹȥǰɣ
磡磡ɥΪʲôң
ȵͬ, , û, ȵ֣ɩӣң
ؿȥڵǣǺú˵ɣ
˦˺ͨͨĶ䣬˵Ҫ˵Ȼӽ˫ţһȣ
硪ˣԭġȵŶҺͶ綼ûԹһٱˣϡǱ߳Ա˵
ǰǳԵ㶫ɡҲ˵Ƕˡ
ȵͲ֣ڸϵĺͻԳĹϸԡd͸˵ˣǰ˺ļ˴룬°ǲϲ˫°Ҳûˣûп˵ʱ˿˲١
غһȥd֪ҪʲôĴСһӣļǵظȥ
ȵؼ˼۾¶һϤЦݡ
ҧסᣬҲЦˡ
ܵӣǲһϡǵġ
ͨССһŷ˼ʳҲĿģdˮ
dͲ˵ˣȵҲһһس̻ʵӿûԹ
ؿᣬŶ˶ӣһҲԲȥ
ֻʣиʣdʼѸʣһպͷɨβȵӡ
غͶգҲգؿ
Ǻʹɩӷֿ󣬡ȵڣѡһ·ǰݡ
ʹΪʲôҪ𣿡
ڻѱߣû𣿡ȵһ㶡
Ǹ˵ģΪʲôҪҲ𣿡͵
ȵĬƬ̣˵֪ʳˡһ𣬲ֿж˵һ
˭˵һһ𣿡üͷһšʮֵ۸Ĺû𣿡
غȵһãȻ
֪˵ǰһϵ֮ǰʮӽеǰ˵ʮᡪ
ʮӡ̲ס
Ӹᣬ˼˵һ۵öϣʮ˭۵öϣ
dң۵öϣ
һӸȥ
ķ
dͷССίͰ͵ĺ۾ؿ͡
ǺģΪҼ˸ҪʱðʲôԪʴۣһô죿ɩϸ첲ϸȵģܰæ𣿡͵
˼ǲܡȵͷϴ̬ãûкԪʴǸۣ᲻ʺĵطֵ⡣
´ٷȴϡ˵
ʫʫȵ
ûʫһŸȥȵӴһ
ؿһһȥ̲סЦ
Ƽûһˣɩ춼ϲ£أƽռӣôûЦɵϣҪҪ
ҪҪظȵһϰߣһʽĻشȻȻð˺
͵õشתͷȵǲȥôôã
Ǵ®ݵݵ·ȻһЩ⣬ڶˡû뵽鷳ȴǳ®ݲϡȵΪ˰ȫȺСû뵽ϴľӣץ׳

رɫ
ռȵα۽ȨǴ
ôܵˣѿڶ˾ܣݸδݰ
ɩӣȵһۣ¶һ˿ͬ飬ڻٵĵطٸ޼Ҷһ⵽һ㣬񶼲ȡһֻ۱һֻ۵̬ȡͨ;ݸֻҪصĹٸҲװ֪ӡ
͵к𣡡ò
е𡣡ȵԪݣݹؿͶʦĸ˺Ͷз㡣ǲۣͬҲ뿪Ԫۡ
ݣסˣ
ǡȵҺͶòӳˡ¶δԪ۲һݾô֪ɩݲһ㣬ɩӴô죿
ؿͣвԾ¶
ѾȥˣұʹͷؿڸĵȥݣҲ̫·͵
غ޲ñϼڣȻǲеġʹ˸ոǸδɵǡ
ȻŤСл
ʲôʱȵ
ˣܿߡ͵ǴպǶʰƱûãȥһУƱȫסǴʱȻӸ߲¡ǴӺȫ˵Ĵףڻؽݵ·ϣһ·ȥ
ȻԶȵҾȥƱʳ
®ݵĽӣˡ͵ǻҪȥһ®ݡ
Ը
ˣҾͲϴˡ˵
ȵЦе˵Եˡ
¶źˣdԱ˯ʣȵڳæµ
ϴԡϴϣЩ˯֮Ρ
ԽʲôԽʲôڴϷȥӱӣô˯š
Ŷ룬ۣװ˯һˡ
ʹ˵ƣЬϴһķϴϵþ춯أ֫һҪ̹̹ذֱˣŰ
ƺΪ˯ˣظ˿
װ
תһ˫ںڵ۾ںڰӭʶ˫ۡ
⣬㻹ûشҡ
ʲʲô⣿ѵǡ
ϣҪҪҵӣ
ڰ֮УѪҺȣһȫӿȥκŻţ֪λش
ֻӡ
Ըκ˵ӣ䲻Ը͵ӡ
ӵĳ谮ͬµ¶飬ӣǻΡܹסӸˣˣ͸ˡ
ز֪ΪΣ⡣
͵رۣúڰҰס͵Ŀ⡣
ûϣͲʧ
ĸ䵽Ľ֣Ϊ˸
صޡ
أӺ˵أ֧һֳԴͷ
رװ
أϣ
رʼˣŬd˯ʱı֣촽΢ţѿڶ

·ֹˡ
ŬŬˡ
أݡ
ͨһ˻ȥ
Ҳǳصģưɡ
ͰͷϣͷƴǴϡ
һ죬ϡ
ĸԸ˵
Ը⡣


107 
ɵĳխɽС, ͷĳϻһֻҡҷɫη
ݽ¹ĵ棬һ·ӡԵĳꤺۼ
ͷȻͣ˳ͷƥĽŲ
ȵǰȻðĶʮڵ, ϰΪسһŤͷ, ߺȵ
, Ļˣ
߾ųߵdִֺӳ
˵һ, ڵ, ȳꤿӵĽӡ
ߵǰɷһһɨò˵񵶺ͳͷǡɧ, ˫Ŷ˺˵ơ
dһͺֽճȭ, ͵ػһô
䡪
ΧָǹѣdջȭһĴİ
תͷ澪ֵȺ, ӵ﷢ʮʨ𡪡
ʮʱɶɵĽٵ˶˵ι״תӣ
, С·ֳͨ
d֣һߣ
зߡ
Ƶ龰һ·Σʱֻdһ˳־Ϳɰƽ
Ѿֲˡ
dͼʱ;һ·ӡ
Щͭڵ޿ײ룬ѳڲؾ˯˯֮ͭϡ
ò, ǲǧɱ, ׬һһϸϴһǧöͭ, شϻᡣ
ýƳϵһöҲˣЩͭһҪڳͭζǡ
´νǺǾȥǮׯƱöͭ壬һϸ
صĺտüͷÿֱ®ȡǴ𶧡
ЩҲҪƱ𣿡ʡ
ӲֽͨӾͳԿˡͺԥ
һذѽӻ͵Ŀ¡
磬ٴ쵽ˡ
Ӧһӿ˴ͭĶ
سŵٴʿƿżʱ͸պôһͭǮӽס˿ɵֿͣ˿ͷأȵЦŽһɰ
ȥɡ
̧̧°͡
л磡ȵЦűȭ
ٴǺһˣѯʳļš
ƽ·мһ̿Ǯׯ·мҰšǳ׹ǸݰϡмǮׯģȲҡ
ȵл·ˣתʳͣ磬ȥļң
ϡѿڶ
ЦЦһۣͬĸĽ㻹ءȵ߰ɣȥš
յǰʻˡ
͹ϳ˵Խʲôô
Խ˺ܺá˵㲻Ҫߵҥԡ
˯Ĵǲģ
ġ
δ򻨷ѴµΪѼ챦ǲģ
ġ
ǵʲôҥԣһм
ưͳԻп˵
нǲ٣ʱʱؾһЩ챦Ҳ٣ЩҪİ
ʲôΪоΪǧ˯ѲӵòУû˯Ĳͷ
ʲôʲôʲô飬ͳͳͷݼȴҪ
ͼ˵Ҳ׷ʣһ֮еӡԽڽݵӡ󣬴ѾԺˡ
ز󣬵֪ܵԽʱֻθ룿
᲻Ӵ˶֮Աǣ
ʲôأ
صűᵯһ£ƿţһ
ŵˣȥƱڳϵҡ
ػعæͷá
ʱͽͭһƱûسϡ
˵ĿջţغڷȵdȥʣĴ׻ӣٰѾûõĳУһӡ
Ϧʳʱ֣ȵ˻ˣΪףһ·죬͵һþƺòˡ
ţмɾѼ顢÷֦⡢±㡭ĿϾӵʳͽƹһ̳ϾƣŶһʹ
ٴЪϢһߣҺͶڳϢɩӿԽϴȥתתȵЦٴȻȲҲȤζرǳе壬Ҫڵöࡣ
͵˵ûһ·˲ٿ࣬๫ڶܹģϽ֡ʲô˵
ú⶯ҪڴӦȻһĻ
㻹ҽƱ磿
һأС˴ͨһ
үСĵû͵Ķ
û͵ҵĶҵôһĸߴĽӶŹǰСŭĿӵ
Сһȥյˮ˰뱭ĲˮΧϽеСˣһ츯飬ʮ±ëһǮһ룬ӹһ١
үСĲ֪үûע⣬һСķŴ˰ɡСսս
˵˵ôҵϴ߾㻹ڸģȻˣҲˣĶ߰ɣ
үСɫ԰ףȥĶ
ô֪ҪȥĶǲˣ壬˭֪ʲô
ү㷢İɣû͵塭Сߵͷ
ٲߣҾͱˣŭ
С˻جج̧ͷµĹǮ
͵ҵĶҸṤǮ۾һɣĥĥ䣬͸ȥٴ֪ɣҺٴ֪й֮ԵȻҳū
С޷ֻɫҰ׵شӵվһ߲ᣬһʧǵ߳˿ջ
ؿ̣С͵˵𣿡
ӦûСͷҲ̧
ؾȵؿűſڵͣûͶ˵ӣôóжϣ
˵﷢壬԰ɣ͵
ص˵ͷ
ڴ𣿡
ؿ߼Բ˵ӣûС
Ǿ˵岻Ǹոշ£ǽʰʱҲҹʰʱ֮ڡ͵Ϊʲôѡڲŷ
Ժһ
ѵǹݸ˿ģ
ԽйˣԽں˵Ŀ˵ټҲ븶˹Ǯֲô˵ԶţΥԼҾͻΪǿ˶֪ǶԷȡ
ͷ¿˵ľ룬ĵȻֻһּ衣
ٴοϵĺ츯±ëļŷ
ˣСҲ̫ˡ
һˣ˳һʱſڵĸߴҲһʱ
һһĵһ룬츯ĺҲûŹʣ׷źͣһβʣس˸ɾ
һ㣬d緶
ʱҲǸɾһβʣ
˾㷹ӵӣõĴã϶¥ڵͷ
ڿţԱߵdһıãĿ˶Ƥϵ¿ۣһƱ˳
ջľ¥ݺȻ֨ѽһ
ʶתͷ¥ȴһˡ
ȵټϵƱͳ֣Ҹطš
Ʊӵ˷ֳӸԽ˷䡣
Ҹո¥һ£𣿡˵
ûע⡣͵㿴˭𣿡
ûУû
˵С¥ֱ˭ˡͲΪջ˶ӣֻסһСһЩˡ
ⶫô·̫ȫˣҪ
Ҳôġ
Ϳվ¥ݿڣС¥
ˣȥҸ߰ӸҲ
Ͱ߰˸ͭС
գ͹Եȣ
Сϲص¥ûһ߰
͹ţԼӣóֻһε£ϸĵطһ㡣
ַ߳İԭȵӻȻɣ˿ءؿֿŮ칦治ѡ
ð㣬һƱչϸĵ˰ָڽ㷴Ħ֪һﾹȻʮǧƱ
գ幫ʵǿϧˣ

ջСۼһ϶¥󣬶һۣβȥ
ǧֵּټ


108 
ʹ, ׼ٴ̤װ̣û뵽Ͻ֮ЩװƷȤһ·, һͷ˰µꡣ
ʿװ˼, æӭ
ؾܾķˮĹ, , ֻֽǮ
, ʳѾһˡգغܶѪ׵ļա
û, ʿصȥֽǮʱ˹, ϵҲ֣ࡣ
Ǹ󹬵Ҳһ̧°ָͣ̽һֽɹ
ʿüЦȥá
һʿķӦ֪ˣæ, СˣòǸֽǮˡ
ʲô, С͵
ʿ˫Źߣ߾ٵգϲصعˡ
ˣɹǷδɵģõǹõİ¹ֽжǰĹģס棬϶ˣʿڳָֻ, ˴, һֺõЦ, ôһɹڿԵķϣֻҪʮӣ
С͸ҪͷؼˣһײͣʲôУУ
Ͳؿ
Ųأ
ô£ҲҪ۵ˣôֽĹ۶գˣ
һֽĹھʮӣⲻ
̲ȥתͷ黫ļٵʿʿҪ𣿡
ƶԩţλˣ㡪
ֽէһõǰ¹ֽʵֻǱ˵ĸֽˣ
ʿһԩı飬еˣƶʵģ˵Ѫڡ
ֽֽۼһֽδē⣬氼͹ƽֽҲֻεȵļ۸񡣡
⡢⡭ʿɫţ㣬Ͱ͵ƶƷģֽģ⹬˵ֽģҲֽļǮȥԱȰɣ
ã˵Ȼ˵һбչй㣬֪ԽΥ֮Ҫģ
š塭ʿƶƶ֪˵ʲô
ǰ˵һзչ𣿡
ҿûô˵ʿ˹Ƶƴҡͷ
Ȳð¹ֽģûзչƵֽǮǣ
ſ߰ɣʿ֡
һӣƵػص˹̨ͷŲҵİٱܣⲻٺӡ
ЦһֽǮһֽĹüײײĹĵأ˵
߰ɡ
߳µ󣬶Ͳ˵ոôۣȻܰ
ĸģԵҶûġ˵
һ㶣û뵽ɡ
㲻ǲ𣿡
ҲšͰѼֱֽǮϷ˷ҲŰ
óŵֽǮԼ
ͣлл㡣
˵´Ҫлңжʾ
ظҪʣһش⡣
Լ롣
˻صջ󣬵ȵͷdȵˣһȥ˻Ǻӱߡ
ղȳļգӱ߿һˣֻŵֵ̱ڴ紵ҡڡ
֪һˡ
˵һܶȱǰʮ껹ҪѾ˷츲صı仯
Щ仯ʺĸּ
ڡ
ϧڵԼϲڵԼ
ص򣬵ȼֽͭǮ֧СɽŻʳǵķ
δҪ͸Թ¡
ض˶ͷҲ͸ſͷһιʱڸʯʪһۡ
ǲֹһεġ
ĸˣСһݡ
Ա˾ı˱һ˿Ц嵭תͷһһƽɢɫһعſȥ
ȻĹƺܲ׼ɫȴ˭档
׼ִ٣ĸһ£´Ҷ÷ͷ­ĸɹССС⡣
һȵ˫ְɹŵԡ
һչ˺ǵ飬ĸϷġ֣µٴһݡ
ڶٸнӿɬ⣬ҧˮۿԸΪġ
֮ȵҲdˡ
ǲĹأɩӼȻ˴磬ǵˣǻԴһúöɩӵģ۸ȥȵ
۸ҡd㣬ŵ˵ͷ
ߵȥ
ƱͦعţֽǮһһŵӽͭģҰЩֽǮոΡ빬ˣʣĸɳ޹ˡ
ֽǮͰֽɹҲȥٺĻܿӻɹֽһȼ֧ŵľűΡ
׳ɹ̮ȥ
˳ĬŻĻȼ龡ֱϨ
ؼҺشԡϴϴȻڱѹСϨϴסļͷ
㻹ء
˵û
ǹһˡ
ںڰᣬص˵ͷš
ڶһ磬˾ڿջóʳȵǻ㱨հĳɹ
ΪԪĴϣгס񵣱·Ҳ޷ǡ
صǵؿͣʶ֮
ͳƬ̣˵ȵ취ɡ
Ҫȥݣ
һʵǰոС˵ĽӡֻһСƹϣǰһͿҪࡣͿһ̨ۣкָ̣
ݳʶݣǡһ
ʲô
Ӱѽƹϵʣ֭ҲûŹȵĵôҲβ֭ˮڵ
ҪȥݣҪȥݣҲˣҵС͵ҵĶҸߣһ··Ҽλ߾ųߵͬƺмֹ򣬲ǽУǻƽݺݽ硣ΪǵǡǸȡ裬Σ
Ҳ˵ѻ㵽ݣóסĵرǣͲÿɷ񣬡ݣٸңʵûʲôݣ߸ɴֱӣأ
ΪʲôҪͣһϡѽƹϽ졣ǵݣҲܰͽǣǴùϵǮ
λ̨ҿԽƹϵˡЦˣԴûʮĵĲˡҾǰ㣬õûҵʧ𣿡
ûֱӷǴӼвƱһǡ
˴ģҿת˵СǮҪҲسŵЩһӶʮ˵ڷѴ´ࡣ
û뷨Ȩ͡
Ҫ˵Ϊǵǣô˳ͣҲû
ͷ³磬Цɽ̨գ
ս֪γƺ
ռ֣ѼԱ˺ܵܡĲ
ȵ˳ƽϣЦеҽмȸҶмֵ񡣡
ֵܣǺʱ·
ַĻ̾Ϳ̡
ãǾ͡
˻ûȫվǺͲߵȻ˳ʡ
Ӷǰδ࣬һڣ˵
Ǿһʱڴ˴˳곯ʳطʰ
С͵ͷ
ʣҿŲ£ˣ֪ʲôӪ
װģ̾Ϣһʫ˶ѣ


109 
֬ɫϼųʧȥ, ¶峺ε
ȺɽصΡһ·ĵƽߣڴߡ
ᳵӵسٰ, ݷȥ
ڳȵ, , Ǹո·ٰĽ籮, һʱ, ҪϹٵˡ
ͻδ˵˷вˮ, ֵǲ߹ٵ
Ϊʲô߹ٵʡ
Ҳؿ
ٵƽ, ֲϷ˻йٵ£߹ٵѡ⽭Ϊʲô߹ٵ
ûٰҪ߹ٵ˳˳۵½, ¶͵ɫ߹ٵҪߺܶ·, С·ܽʡһʱ䣬һϤúܣҴС·ɡ
С·˵Ͻٷˡ˵
ˣҲûϹٷ˰ٷôڿîģ˵ˡмڵĹٵӱΪܵĺõطҪ˵С·ȫöأ
ɻ, Ѿͷ
ǻ͵ϴ, ˵··
, Ҹָ·˸˵ϹٵʱעһߵС··ֱͨݣ߹ٵҪʡһʱ䡣
աȸϴ˵ûУ
ˣ߹ٵߵС·ȵڳӦ
ϴˣͰһ𣬰ĵڶĽϡ
ǴҶܷ£̸⡣Ц˲ҲΪǽʡʱ𣿡
ͲÿɷһЦϴ֮ǰ˵Լⷢһʣܲܺϸ˵˵̵Ḷ́ʵҲһֱҸӪʫãԲ
ʳҲûͬһǵĵҪģҪеĻС
ϴһԼĵˣʡ
Ҳ㲻ʲôҾþӳݣͳеĶмֽˡǫ
֮ǰǴӳݳģҪЩʶϴ˵Ҳܸһ׬Ǯı㳵ء뿪ݵʱ򣬳֪ΪСŮϲ磬˵ļƹȫȥˣ¶֪𣿡
һ㶣ˡԵõ飬ڰǻ
ҾͲˣʱѾڳ˰ɡ
˵ѣһ顣
չʳʱ˺ͺݵд򽻵Ҳͳݡݵй⣬ⲻ˺͹ٸ򽻵
֪˲ݸõ
ʮȷ֪ûʲôճ޵СŮΪ֪δ֮꣡
ˣΪʲôҪ˵ѣ
ʶһһ·ϣΪͱøӿźúõĴ·ߣΪʲôҪС·
ѵ
ʯ䣬һͷصԺѵǰ͵dƱ˾
æͣҪ֪Ƿ뵽һ㡣ɫȻ·һ֪һ֪Ͳթ
ʶƶԷƭֺΪαտڲԣ
Ҫȥ⽭ԵС·
ϣ֪ҰèҴһһû˯͹ĳ󣬱ԹֵܲܰĴһأұ۲
Ȼ˹ĴˣЩҰèúܡֵܷ˯ɣҲСһᡣ
˿ڳϣűۡ
͸·ǰۣزҡһ˿ڳϸĶ΢һ£Ҳϡ
֪˶ãʱ׼ȲѾڲ͸ˡصһȴû˼ȣŻԭĽֶ˶̶һյʱĴζˡ
ڰͲסƿĳ
ʲôط˴ʧɫ
غĿԣȴ޷شʡۻĴ˵ҪС·𣿡
ⲻ˵С·ŭʧ
ϴ㼱ʲôͺȻڡ
һùĲյһ
ҪŮˣͱҰͷҵ
ֵܣʲô˼ɫѿ˵㻤ȥݣ˵ǡô
ôˣЦҪС·ѵС·𣿡
ⲻ˵С·˵·ߡ
С·
̵ýǱס˲ӣȻɫɺתס
Ҳ֪˵ʲôǿŵ
һټʰõһʱʱ䡣ΪʲôôãΪ;˿ջһȺں֮ڣ˵Ǻְɣ
ͣˣꤲǰת
ű˴ȵվڳ⣬ЦеؿɫҰ׵Ľˣϴɡ
ʲô
һϣɫĮ˻Ǿ͹³
սսͻͷصİɣǸˣġ
³СİѳŹغá
Ȼǽʲôڳʡ
dһȭᵽ˵ĸһԵȵضסҽе죬ͰȹϺװ壬ᳵ·ؿʼ
ĲôǸˣ˽Ƕඪ
ܵ˵
๫ܲܵ𣿡һ˵ţһ߳ӲڽۼвƱ
ѳƱһģһһǧġ
ϰ壬òûֵ׬öء˵
˸Ҫ˵Աߵdָһȭȵٴס졣
ⲻѼĳףߵһӦҲǳΡ͵ҪǳĳصǸأѼĳҲǲԭ㡭
ȵɿ˵죬һϢ
û˵꣬ĺ󱳾ͰһȵһסҪص壬ٴסڵʹ
ԭʮĸиµСҪҺڲŲߵһͶס˷˫ȣֻѥӣ̫ˡ
óЬƱվֱ壬ֽƱd졣
ȻƭС·ӦϴǣʲôݣҲƭ˵ˣذϽ˵ա
ģģܵջ⣬ɫҰףæе
Ҫ֪͸ģҾһܡ
֪ˣҰǣƴŲӡ
ջذףȵһȵ֣˴ϵ˸飬ȷϲΣպ󣬽˲ŵõݵɡ
˵㻰򡪡˵
ͷͷ亹
ϳ°͡
˿һۣѸײڶ֮ƴӿ/ͳһ೤ذף͵˰Ƶƨ
Ƴʹڴ˻˦ӷɱҡΣڵһ󶣶﷢
ͲȻɫҲذ׷ȥ
磡ȵе
ͷҲء
ˣȵܵùȵģ
ȵɫһݣžһ˦Լգ
ôƫƫŹ˿/أ


110 
ʹɱ, ǿҡҰڣѵڳײײȥ, 
ߵ˿һ۳, ԳƼѼʫ, ȻܲȵĿ, ǿųݾ, ·ϣҧڵ·ͷ, ÿΪװˣֻһðƽߡ
Ҫʫ, ˾ͲᱻЦ޸֮ˣ
ҧҧһŽ˳ᡣ
ȾѪذóŮʧѪɫ˶ݺݵھ͸ĺ˵๫ƱĶˣ
ҡҲ֪صĺ󱳽ڳ, ŵؿɷĽˡ
ô᲻֪ˣ¶ذ׺ز, ͸ƤѪŵ˱ǶѪζذϵζ
˭ˣȵdͣ
زȥذף˵Ĳ֪๫һǮˮӲҹǮ
˺ݺݶһ, ƺ˵, պ޵ĺ, תʰļֱĶȫ˳
ϴƷ˽ǲ֪ʲôģһϵϡŹΡǼƱѼƽȻҲС
ȥ
һߵҵƱһԼûдĥǸﰲԼһҪ򶨣ͬʱ߿ѰõĶ
߶ڽµɲϣΪε䵽˵ϣˮһء
һԴȥûã
ҪûΣŭ˶ԷǾ͵òʧˡ
ڻ˼Բߣ˺ȻϲĽ͵Ǽۣһ˫ͷ˰ĵطȥȻѾʲô
Ѿˣȴǿװ򶨣ϣδְ㡣Ȼʲôʲô˳¶̰ЦݣŽļв㣬ŮղҪҼʶ㣬ͱƭ˹ȥ
ɴϽѪĽ͵Ľ۴ϡ
һУ䰵ƱȫµĿ⿴أҸˣȥӵ¥ӦҲϲɣ
غµؿ˫ŲŲȹڵסӰ
߳ᣬųſȻ׷С·ͷļʫˣʮ˴˸顣
ܱռֵĺ˴ȻȻûлĻᡣʯ٣Ҳƴһѣ
˺˺ģٴγƨɲһ
ƷʹĲҽУС·񱼽ɽ֡
ͻȻ٣ŲҪӽ˵ر˦򳵱ڣĲҲ
㻹ҷ˳һ˰ء
صĺ׿ڼӲĳϣ۵ᶼˣҺۣҲˮģߡɴ۾ƴŰס˫ֵĽˡ
İɣҡ˻û˵꣬ȻһҽС
һϥǺݺײҪ
ϣҪһΣգֲڣסߣ㻤ƨֽľóҲвסһš
ʱ˵ĻԺ
ûĻϵһ졣
˵Ҫʲôȴֱʲôá
ǱײҪˣʹ࣬ɫˢذˡûʲôͰһ߿ˡ
Ұɽֱײ᲻ʱײľʯͷһᣬԭĳͱ˳˳峵ƣµĳҲѵѵشţһ̾Ҫһɢܡ
شӵϼȥĲת˵ͷݺȥ
ʻһľ͵һصڵأҲˣ˵ͷڵˤ顣
˵ĶͷðѪ飬ȴѣ¶׹⣬ɱ⳯ؾذס
һײ򳵱ڣ
Ҳ֪Ķ͵سȥذ
ƴֻ·һ
ľɫȻʣ֣˿Ĺٵ
ôҲû뵽гһգһŤһ
кȻƿ֮Ȼغͬʱ˦˳š
˳ſĹٵԶͷԻûʲôˣһͬ˦˾ûôˣײϵһ͹ʯͷʱѪ̫Ѩ
ɫѥ̤˹ٵ
һòͨĿߵǰ佣Ĳ
ִӻŻ񶶿Žµ˺ͲԶ㵵ر˱ȡ
ŻֻһŮˣ۶Եϣ˶ԵϣһûӣûųߣѼƽۺ߰˳ߵ
ֵĴûˡ
ǧ￪ڵ
ʲôط
ʲôʲôˣ㡢˭۵죬ۿǰİˡ
꺫֮ȡ߱׳˵ͷǧ֮е˭ɱģ
˻һͷˮѾˡ
˽ŵս۵Ľ˴Ϊͣ
ɫͻ䣬˿֮ǰ˻ߵ๫Ϊ±ģܣ
ҡ
˵ı鶨ںɣˡ
ĳĺ󾱣ѪȪǰӿ˳̶̼գ۵ʱ䣬һƬѪ
صһοɱֳ
º󿴼ʬĸоȻͬοΪġ
ֶֺģθһǿҵķӿǸһɫȴض
ʹʱ
鲻Խס̽Ŀ⣬ضŵѪʬ屯Q๫
ӿʹ޲ֹģκ󣬰γĳڵǵᣬа˵ѣͻ๫һ
͵Ժ˵ʱǷ˵ǣ˶Ȼȥ͵ݣͬĻԲã
һߵѹת÷ɿ죬˼˵
๫ˣɹƭʱԳռѼʵƤӺˣ飬սңѣҶһ˳ƤǿռΪޡ
ؿ޵ЩʱȰȰ
ľܿܺõ֤˵ǣϻɵɫЩ
ǵΪλұ
๫ǮúӵǮ涵ۣ׬˲٣˶̵˼ܵܵȻ⣬ⲻ׷һ·
طᣬȥվŵ۾Ѿ͸˺޵
๫˵Ʊж񱨣ôһأ
ԩͷծӿʵأʴȣȻδҶ˶֣һ壬һҪȡ
ǧһ֮ʣд˵ĺ
ɩӣ
ɩӣ𣿣Ķ
ϣϣĶ!
ͼ˵ﶸȻһ
ۿеһνһε䣬ڱܵʹŮ˵츳
Ө续Ͻ£ںƵ˿Ų԰׽ӣڷ˸
ýֲԾ˶١
һδ˵ÿһȴ˵Ű
͵ԽԽϣԽԽ
ؿǰԥӡ
𽥽ӽĺ˾ģһۣص˵ʬǰӵһ
̲סۡ
ʱѾŵѪͷ߽˹ٵ֡
û뿪
֪ΪΣؾԤС
ܵ׷ɱţľɱµֲС
ƨ˰ƨˣȻƭ˵˺¡
ɱ˵ʱһû֪ȴҪ뷽跨ƨɣ
ϵĸŮÿడ
·һǿнƥŸ˴ֵ˽֡
ǵһۼĻعһͷʬǰ޵أȥ
׷򱩱УĪڴˡ
üͷҪſڡ
͵
๫úòҰӽԺҾҪѸѽ
...


111 

ȵ, dɻ͹۾ŵصء
ؿ޵Ÿʲô, ѵʶǴ𣿣
ȵŵϵͷʬ, ֿɫĴ, 룺ȷʵе㲻ʶˡ
ɩ, ôˣȵʡ
ؿŰѸոյ¼ӹһ˵˳
ȵͶһ, ̬ΨdһãȻ
, Żᵼֵǽ˺, ͷȫʬҲû£
Ĵ棬
๫治˰һŮӣԺô
鼤, ˮû˵Ȼ鲻, ֱֱȥ
Ҫȥȵһǰס֧εء
ȵͷһ΢ɲҡҡͷ
ֻͣ½ŲҧݣһܵطŮˣҪС
ͻȻۣסȵ, 
ǾԭɣһŮ, ûа취Ϊ, ҪܵܰæС
ĿɿڴdӺף˵Թ¡ˣɵˡ
ȵɩӷİɣǺʹôĸ飬岻ڡѾʳ飬Űɡ
ؿ򱻰ݣһվһԵͣ鱯ʹȻ
磬ȻֻƼˮ꣬еͬ·ˣȻڴˣһҲǸĳɡܰǣ๫иߵĵط𣿡ۺᣬе๫ȻСɡ¡ţƨû֪֮ɹ»Ұ
˵ݣŵװףؾԼֺܺãǲڰɱּˣȻҲᱻտݼ۷ŷĵͷȥ
ֻǲ֪Ϊο˼ž
޹ۿͣߴûƨ˸ĽŲ
ȭͷҧгݵ
Ȼ๫Сɡ¡ţƨû֪֮Ϊһġ
˵ʱ˿طΪֵ֪Ľ˵֮ء
๫󴩵ѣҪ˼ˡ
سŰϵѼӣɿһѼвƱ
Ʊڣһ
ţȻذӱڻУʵеʹ
๫һչ˺Լܵܵģ㰲ĵȥɣ±Ͷ̥һҪúˡ
һβͲݣĹ˷ͷ
۵˻˰ᣬİأİ׶û룬ô·ϡ
޹İƣ¡
鱯Qӿ޵ԼҲҽҪѸ㲻ʣȴܲ壬ªֻܽһ¡ұҹҲ취Ǩϼҵġ
ҧźݡ
ȵɷ˵dڷǰ鸴ӵߵ˸ͷ
磬һ·ߺá
Ͱȭͷ߬
ó־˲ᣬڲסȰڰȵ£ΡΡվ
ɩӣǡȵ˵ȴһԵ͡
ɩҲܸ·ˣڸҸЪϢһɣ˵
Ҳáȵ˵꣬˶٣ֹ
ʲô⣿ʡ
ֻһƥȵ˵ŵ档
һ죬ȭͷڷ
ƤЦⲻЦǰ㣬Ǿɩӻؿջٽгǰɡ
ȵ̾˿סϷȫףڳֹأ
ɩӣ߰ɡ
ơʡ
ţǵȻѰƴ˵
ذˡ
ȵȵҲס͵£һУݣ
غȵƥֻʣһӰӺdһɻԲԴ
ܺɩӲҪ𣿡
ͳͶȥһۣ˵û˵ư͡
ߵ·ߣһɾĴʯͷ£dûҵʯͷ׵ߣֻĴ󹷡
d졣
û˵ֻаơ

Ϊ˦ܵ׷٣ȵ߰·һ·ԻɽеһСΪҹĵط
ȵһСɽµĴׯţ󣬴һ𷵻˹ٵͶ˺Ѿ͸İƣһɽСݡ
ţϣΪ˲ᡣ
³ظŴ˳ëĬĬᣬԸ뿪ߡ
İɣһҸطúðᰢƵġվߡ
顣ĵ
˻ܸ
ԣмӷ⡣
ƯԴϴ򿪣װʲôӵĶԣ᲻á
УһҸõطġٴγŵ
سҭҭһͷؽľݡ
תͷԵüĿվһ̬ȵ
ȥѰư
һ֨ѽľ
ĺʺ͸յõ飬ƤҶζϷƵ֡
һںĴƤ飬ʺѺ˵ĸɺ档
飬d񣬷Žص
Լ
ؿ˴죬þˣʳǰʹʧıԻû˿θڣΪ˲ʧǼ飬СŽ
ϺζȡĴһ˲ǻζ١
ԺѣѾûнˮˡ
ȫµľ⣬ҧõ飬̳Ƥס⡣
ʲô⣿رζĿڸ۷ˣ̾ţζǰδԹ
⡣˵ţּһƤóԾͶԵ㣬ˡ
ظжؿ
ƨ˲һˣ֪ˡ
ɩһȵҲһĴƤأ̾ɩıǽüЩεεŮ֪˶١
ˣҲ㲻ʲô鼱֮±°ˡ
ȵҡҡͷֿ޵ҴŮˣ˵һǧҲһˣǲΣʱŷܲʹͽҲûɩļǿԼ¡۴ķ˵ɩȷʵһ
۾һɣһӣѡŮˡŰһ
һֹȵæ˵һΪСҹªţʶԵô
Ĳ䣬ͷա
ȵֺЦţּһ
Թ¡ˣˤˣⲹ⡭dѧҲһء
鶼ҪŲ¶ˣرǸжòӯ
ô󣬻ûôأ
ɱֻȥҪǷɱˣʱҪô죿ȵ˵
ԺԺ˵ͼ⣬ֱŽdȵǷûƤӺû飬͵ˡٳҲӢϽ̫Զҡ
ǣĵ氲ڶʹ˻´ڰұۡ
û˵ݡصǵ
ڷʲôãݣӴضҲͽȥͲΪ⣬Сնҵģйǰģ⣬
˵úеص˵ͷһ֭Ž
⣬㣡ԺعˣҪŷĴƼòˣ
Աȵʰо֣d֪ȥĶˣҵڴɨӵ˵
Ķˣȥ
ɨһ٣̧ͷϵ㿴ӣ´ôң˯㲻æôŸ鷳
ҾͿۣ˾ͻ
÷˼ĵ㲻𣿱ˣڰ˳ɡɨһ˵˯ĵط򲻴ɨԼŰ졣ȥȸʰˡ
ʧɨ㣬òƨ˵öԡ
Ҳͽ˸Уˡ
飬ߺáҪˡ


112 
ǰݵ·Ϸƽ˾, Ҳûɱֳֹ
ɫ̤̤̤ӣƽǰڿĹٵϡ
󴮴󴮵ڳ⣬dڳͷ, ʱʱһ, ɻδȫɣһۿɼȥ
һ, ڳ˯, ͵ľ¸ٽͨ, ŮӴǻͣ
ݳȵڳ⡰һͣ
ͨһ, ŮͷǣȾҼҹɣ
ü, ƿ˳š
һѾߴŮ޵ᣬʵϺõĲȾѪ, һֺͻ, Ŵ򿪺, æغļͷүˣ㷢ģȾҼСɣ
ȵdͣڵؿڳϣɫһɢ
Сôˣؿڵ
ҼСĳһˣɱǵĳͻ, СϽ֣, ǰɣѾ, ݸ, ү, Ҽүһлǵģ
͵Ķ䶯˶ݸ̣
ǣҼүĸ̡ѾһϷٴûʱˣūǣǾȾҼС㡭
͡ؿͣ͸һĨ
Ⱥˣ֪ж𣿡ڿڡ
ֻ࣡߰˸Ѿæ
߰˸͸ɷǵĳӣ
ǲ֪ʲôطӱпףгѵأǵļҶǶ֡Ѿ߿
˵ȸ͵ȥһˡ
Ѿ߿ֻ˶ϼˣֻˣ򲻹ǵģ㡪Ŀϣֹ˼ȴĺȷ
ô͸ʵҲȵս
غ¼ȥʧףȰ͵ȥɣȸҡ
ԥƬ̣£վ
Ķ
ҸǴ·Ѿ߼
ͺdѾ߽ɽ֡
ȵڳͷ˰κ󣬵ɩӾͲǸȦף
Ѿ˵ġҡҡͷᶨ
ɩô֪ȵתͷ
о˵ҿóĽͿ־ġ
ɩơȵ˵ֵֻˣˡ
ǵҲҡ˵
ǲһȵЦǴ㡣λͻ᲻һˡ
ʲôһģز⡣
ȵȴֻЦش
ɩйϲ𣿡ȵȻʡ
ͻزգΪʲôȻ
档ȵЦҲ£ûС
ô֪ΣֱӾȳ
оȵسգգۣĻش
ز⣬ֻˣõദǺĳһˡ
̲סϲ𣿡
ûСȵԥػشЦеؿأҲôϲˡ
ĻľԺⰧȵ
ϲ磬ϲɩӡȵЦ˵ɩӲΪҵġ
ϵҲϲ㡪
һڣʶ⻰ףæֲϣҺ磬磬ϲ㡣
֪ȵЦˣϵĺбΡ⻰Ǳôˣе߶ˡ
ͬУæͷͬ
ҵĽŲȵӳּ䡣
ǻˡ
æ߳
͵Ӱ֣߳۵dǸѾһ߿һ߲һ߶߲ȵòŮӣdʧۣɢķٰ봹ԺϺѪɫ׵ۿﻹžδˮ
ز֪ŮӾʲôʮֲá
ÿλãż
лˡѾߺ˵ӵлŮʱŮӵĿĸ˷ͣһᡣ
̺ӸȹϣԼĲյһȲݸŮӡ
Ѿûˣȿڲ農һɣ
Ů̧ͷһִۣdӹȲκ͵Ұ׵촽ߣһڡ
ˣܲܽǹһѣѾؿ
Ůȹ˿ȷʵãȻδĹȥ
غԥá
ҳԼİ淭һ״δȹݸѾʱŮӵ˵һ䣺л
ЦЦ㻻·ɣȥߵ㡣
ϳţҪԼ³Աһֻ˹
ס֣һֻֻסɽ
ˢغˣָػǰЭռˣdȵܾܵԱߣƨ˲عأȴܲعء
Ϊ˲¶ٳ׵ʵ׺ݵһۡ
ˣȻЦ
ܸһƨ˼ƽϣҰο
һߣǵĶԻѹСʲô
ˣûʲô·ˡͲΪǰ˸ӱdһ˾ʰˡ̫ǿĳ̫
˵ǸѾ߸ģ
ʱǸ׿˵ġͳ￴һۣҺûֳ
ôˣغ
һңġ¶ᷳ飬֪˻ΪӰôˡ
ͺȻʲôšü
ɱѵŪˣ·ӻġ
źȻˣæ˴ͣжδ˵ıԹ
үˡѾվűߣŮ̬ضϳ
ͷ˳ȵdڳͷ»ʻ
ڣɫ԰׵˸
л֮СŮպصӿȪ౨
޶Եؿֻô˰׵Цﲻؿ
ؽȴ͡
żɽҪôǣ
鱦;Ҫʲô
ֻҪݵ
ȻҪȥݣΪһеǷ֮¡һЦмʩĵС
УΪ˵ӱʹǮͲøˡ
á
Ϊ͵»治ɫԵѾѾɴ۾
λСŮӻһ󣬴ܲλܣȻҡۿͨ죬Ȼ

ػû˵꣬һڣ
ڷѣһǧӡ
زѾߣﱾҲסˣ飬Ҳ˸˵¡
ҪͣҪȴأ¶ִɽɫᶨдŶһǧڷѵִš
ôȵȥ
û⡣¶ҵЦݣؼҺұ׼һǧƱ
ϵ͵˵ͷڶ¶һ˿Ц⣬ʲôҪһɡӽãܸĨͷ


113 
ûҪ
Ҳ֪ǱʨӴ󿪿ڵһǧ, Ǳ޳ܵƤˣ֮һֱĬ
һʱ;һһ, רŰͶˡ
Ÿһر, һ̻Ҽʫӽͱɫ
ѾſڣС
һƺݺ˦Ѿ߰ӡ
ʫӽǿѹŭȥŮ, Ｗ
㻹ң
С㡭һ
ҲܵıӰʫӽҧгݵ, ΪһΪ˻Ҿԭ, Ǿʹشˡ
С㣬, Ϊ˻㰡޵
죡ʫӽ߾֣ܵر, һ¡
ʫӽİȴþû¡
Ŵİգƺʲô, ָĵ߬£, ȥ
ҸĶ, һҲϣ³ʱϻкۼʫӽѹŵûУ
ᣬæ˵ͷ
ȵҪˣ𣿡
ʫӽ䶢ŹڵϵĴ, ϣڵͬ棺
, İɡ
ʻϹٵ, ﾲĬ, ҡε, ĬĬᡣ
ãʫӽȻڣҵ𣿡
ū澵ǶС㲻죬ֻ˵Сݳи֮Ůδ֪
ʫӽϳڣĵ￪ˡ
ģæ˵ǲ˵ˣֻҪһǧӾ͵û𣿡
Ѿ£ôûʫӽҴʮ׵ý˾ûжϹÿʫ紺֮󣬶йҽʶ
Сڣݼ汸С׵˼ҵһȦСȻ°
ҲˡʫӽͳͬһԸ⡣
С㣬ⲻĴæϥһ̫ˡҪЮǲ˵񺦳һǸϳҪСѣһ̼֣ͭٵкСͬĻᣡ
ǲˣʫӽˡ
Ȼ񶨵ģСô˵
ǡֽסǵĳӶûˣֻҪһݣǾͻ֪ʲô
ģġŬȰοţֻҪسŵ
ʫӽĻǰ˵Ϊʲô𣿡
ȻȻǿ϶ΪС㣬ʲôԸ
ܰһ𣿡ʫӽʣ˴֣鴫ȥҾͻȥˡ
ܰСæ
˵סģֻܲһ¡
ʲôæ׷ʡ
˭ߣ˭߽֡
۾㶵ؿʫӽ
ֻܾˡʫӽӼвͷʱ򣬿֪ͬãʲôóԵƯģҵһľ㡭
Ҳӿ˳С㣬֪
Ҳ㣬Լɡʫӽգһ飬Ѿңһ֮
С㣬ǧ벻ˣҲ룬ѿڶԸ㣡Ҿǩū澣ⱲӶעҪС㣬ΣҲûϵܰﵽС㣬Ըһ飡
ʫӽɫݣס˴֡
ȻС㣬Щ֪ˡ¶ǡ
İɣԻǽ档ʫӽȥ飬˫ʱ״ؽԼϵֻȥ
̤̤ڴϡ
ڣ»ָ˼ž
պԽԽһ磬ͣ²ʫӽߵںȵ̸ߣ˰ӣһ
ӣ֪Ƿ񷽱㣿
ʲô£ü
ȵʫӽһۣ˵ȥһ״̬
͵ͷȵת߿
ӣǻжõݵĵؽ磿ʫӽʡ
ץһ㣬ܸϵ
ʫӽ˶٣˵ʫӽи֮롭
üͷһǧڷѵķϣӵ˵
⼸죬һֱȰҡ֪ҼҷɭϣǱ֪£ֻ֤סȰҲҪ¸߱ˣΪЩ˲ҺֻɿĴʱҾƺҲϴˡ
͵üͷԽԽ
˵ͺһֻڶˣһһұûص㣬ûĿ꣬ķ⣬ûκ塣
˵ǸߵˣȥǸȵˡʫӽһˣұӦɴ˵˵ӦԾҲῴָָ㡣
Ĳɵţ㲶׽ص㡣
ͳһǵĿھ
ʫӽһ˿ѿҲǡ
ֻҪӸˣʲô˵͵
ʫӽӣǲķˣ
üëһšҪߴߴɣһǧӲ̸ĵļǮؾʹһԻ˹
ң
˭ҡԣ㡣˵ڳ͵廨ôö·ʱû
ڳ𣿡ۡ
ڳڳʲôʱôˣǲǲӣԲŹڳﲻģ
⡪
ȡ֣
Ǻ˵ʲôأ
ʫӽɫѿȻسˣİɡ
뿪һ£ǰ˵ʲôأ
۷䶣һ»ʹУϴһ£۷Ȳϡ
ϣȻ
ⲻһʲסˡ
˵ʲôҡ
ô׾ӵɣֻеš
ͲԼĵֵ̫ԣһˣ˶ˣװˡԼǾҪˣʰûУʱĵģֽҶ
أ㶫ûͱ³ˣһί
У㵣ˣسϼհɡ˵
˵ʲô
һͷˮ˻ڶѼѼ
ȵ˵
ƨˣûӣ
Īؽ˳ĪرϻسֻܰοԼ³͸Ҳ
˵ģ·ʱϾʹˣлȥһҲ
ܿ뿪¶Ժ
һּ˷ռԽԽٽݣǻԺԽǿҡ
ݣܼ̫ӡԪˡ
شױƺУСóɫķµĽȻһȺСɫƤϵɫη
ԪۻζԴͣ
ζԴͬˣ
ܹطϲñǳ嵭ͬʱֽȻͬĸţһʱ䣬ֲϣܹ˳ݵһ㣬ϣһʱһ㡣
ܵõ˳ݣҸͲϵٳ׵Ĺϵ˵ͺͨڹţװף˽ļٷޡ
ֻˣΪıһǰ;
¶ģݣ̹һС


114 
էůı, һƥ˺ӵĿ۴С
ǧںͣŽдС˸
һɫҴҵյǲ, 첽뺫, ڸŮĴ£Ժ鷿
ˡ
쵥ϥأ밲
ɫһԵǧ°͡
ǲǸѼ
ǧеĽ, Ժ꣬ǰ˺иǡ
⡭עӽеͷ, һ˿㵡
ձ, б, ͷǳ΢ĸáΪⸯó̶Ӱж, ٴζضͷϡ
𣿡ת䡣
Ƭ̺ͷ, ȥǧı顣
, ˡǼѼ
ô᣿ǧȳڡ
쿴üͷȻŵǧ, ¶ΪѣˡȷǵҺͺļѼ
ͨϾǴˣǧɫѿҴ, ҲͨϵĻȳ⣡
Ҫ˵һȴı⡣
ˣ
ɫ, ͵شǰվ
ǧһ򵹡
һС¶첻ãҪǻʲôãŭȡ
, 亹ǧĺ, ͵ĺ, һĻᡭ
˵ˣüӲǰݡӺݡݼܱأ鵱ػȫұ飬ҲҪҵɱѪ֮ˡ𺣬һӳݷƳȻǲԸһһ˵Ǿͱһ·
ǣ

ңش˸硣
Ͷ𱸵ߡ
ûû˵·ƫаھ˰ɣ
Ҳ䰡
ΪոǸ磬óһѺ¼ʱҲûôֿ
֪ʱǾˣû
ԵĵزԼĸżʱĸҲעܲõעԽҲһ͵ضż±ůɡʳϼ䣬ֻŻҫɫʢ
ЦʲôЦšü
ĸˡ˵
ɫŹ֣ӲвŮ
ʲôʲô
ֻܸƨϸϸ͵˵ǰҲ߶ңҼ·
͵ɫÿˣص£ϵһ𣬴˸ײĺᡣ
𣿡
ʶܿĿ⣬ͦõġ
Ϳ㣬ûдɰʵס
˰ʱķ٣Ӷ𣿡
æסħצҡҡ׹ķ٣ŭ˵أ
Цˣһ⡣
ǵȻµһá
죬ʱӦٷ޹ϵʱ
ߣȴôҲ˵ˡͺ׼飬ǿһ̣ʲȥҲ²ſĿڣֱ֪ˡ
ôƨ˿ֹģ㲻ǲŷǲ˶ӣ
ǸأæĲ֮
ʲô
㣬ʲôʱݣ
̱ڳϣýŵſرĳۣ˵Ѿˣʮа˾Ѿݱ߽ˡǲǣ
Ϧʳˮݳdϲ
أһƨǲǵݱ߽ˣ
˵ˡ籮·˸ոաd˵
ûߴɣͺɵ
ûߴأ
ؾdı顣
һתͷľϵ̿üͷһѹ£ؾʶȤҪҪ
ԭΪӹһ٣û뵽辶µʣ
аأԽԽˡ˭һףԺ׼˭ϣ
㣬һҪ˭ϣ¶֡
һ;͹ܣٳһպ˺һʱȷͶţҪҪˣ
ء͵ĺ뿪ڣ׳˹
ʶˣ¶ԽԽѸ
Ͷؿ۵͸һĨ档
ԪۺҲҪס˵Ļ
ԼĴ㣬ؿڵֲʧȥ
˳סǰֽ֣
ģᶨԼ£ҡ˵
͡عڡ
Ϳѵ֯ԣҡ
˵ˣ磬ˣˮԴ桪
ڵذƿһ첲סſڵdҧгݵͷ˵ĺӡ
dͿסӣܣܣ
ڳڼҲ̽Դˣ·أһᾪô죿
һʱ䣬ַǷ
̯Ƶ£Ȼһԡ
ССķ粨ͣݱ߾ĳ¡ǰͷҲ֪ŵʿչʾʲô˳ͨ˱߷ڳ˿ͺƷûܵ顣
ݳһ
˳Ԫ
ػصҺ󣬲ɱػ㡣һȥˣԽϢϱȢǾٺòسҲΪ˻ʼίȫ
ǣ»Ը
ʱ;ĸڰʱִ֣ݵء
һǺʫӽѾߴǸˡԼʫӽһ·չʾݲͬͬлؼң֮ٴԼġڷѡŸл
ʫӽ뿪ͿʼѰŵĵطһȥĸջȴǲԼͬǱ״̬
ȥĵջؽʣһҿջΪ¹û˯ĵطҲ˳Ҫһʱ֪ƹĻش
ûˣǶȥˣڲطˡջƹֵ̯
ƹ磬֪ﻹʲôջ顢顢̩ǶȥˣѾҵĵҿջˡȵʵ
ұȫǣҲҲзĿջˡƹİ˰֣һ϶ҪǹǿտջǸˡ
ʲôʡ
ڹѽƹ¸ߣͶʦǴ໹סڳҪһߣջͶճˣ
ˣشʧɫѿڶ
ˣߵġƹֵؿǣҲͶʦģǿɲɣºةѾ뿪ˡ
֪ȥĶ𣿡׷ʡ
µ٣ƽͷϰ֪ģƹȻʧЦ
ɩӡȵֹ
⣬ǿѹʧı飬˵ƹɡ
£͵˽ס֣οؽ˽
ʧǣڣա
Ҫס죿ƹʡ
죬ʮհѮ͵
ҪҲջסҵиطԽܸǡ
ʲôط
ǵӴ𣿡
ƹɨǰˣɵĿصͣϡ
Ӵ󲻴ȡڷѵͲ͡˵ҪǵӣǶ˯
һ֣ң
͵ƨƨÿջƹ̲סЦ
˼ǮǲܵģҲûȥȷʵиطԵͼʱšƹЦɡ


115 
Ժ, ط˳ȥҪԸ⣬ҿ԰ǰԺ, , š
ƹƿ˫Ĵţ˽ȥ
ź£ƹͳԿףһķš
СС˵㣬ʲôĶ, ǮҲˡͱǺͺԺЩ˹ãȻ˶Щ, ֻҪʱ, Ҳʲô⡭
Щˣز׽ص, ԺӾס˶ˣ
, ࡪƹ˸
ĸ
ƹٺһЦ˵İٸ
Ŀɿڴ
İٸѿڶ, 㵱ѼȦôôס£
ס, ס¡ƹתߣæ˵, ǰԺںԺ, ˭Ҳ˭סס£Ҳǵ, ǰԺǵģǺ˯˯, ʲôϵأ, , ڳڻеطȥİٸˣҪҵõסǻõ˯Ժӣ
ƹ񲢷Σǵȷҵס
ɫİٸʲôˣɢͣǡ
ƹģáһ³͵Ļ
׳ͨԺĲ߳䳤ĲƤϿĵö⻹û꣬󣬸߳߰˸һ޵ļ׳
Ǵͳһף䱸ͬƺͬһ֧顣
زԼϵߣЩ£ʶȥ
ͬʱվǰ
Ϊ׵ƺֻǳԾŮ˴ڣغ£ջߣתһԵƹ񣬶ƹãéզˣʺһأü࣡õզס
ѽ˵˼ٴˣ񻰣˵ٻ
׳֯ԣŵĹٻ˵˵éզģʺƳˣ
ƹˣҲˣɫһףʶס
İٸһʺôƹͷŰɣһǱӶˣ
ǵҪʺô죿׳ʡ
ؾرֻۣԼڣҲڡ
ȥȥӱƹ˵ٶ±ҾҪˣ
յļ̡׳ֹ
ΪҲ֪ңƹü۵İٸˣֻʮ˵ķѣȥʣﻹ˭Ը£
׳۾һɣ˵ֻʮֵܻ˯˯Ժͷ㻹˼Щ˯Ӱӵ˷ѣ
˵ʲô˯˯˯ߣ
ӽˣߣ
߾عأƹ˵ȻԱ߻ˣһĸˣԺסǰԺĿˣû±ǰԺתƣҲӺų֪𣿡
ƾʲôҪߺţ㡪׳һ¶
û˵꣬׳ͷָһӡ
һ½ʵʵڶԷϣŵˡ
û˼ҴӶӣ㲻˭ĸ˵˽ӣ׳˵꣬ͼ˱ȭǷסɣһԼֵֻܻںԺģ˭ҵϷԿ֣
ֵܻǻҪʺé׳ƹһۣû˵󣬷ת˺Ժ߰˸Ҳ롣
ǰԺ̾ͰֻʣżӺԺһ
ô͹٣ƹĻعֿͣǰԺаɣҪҪ£û˰㲻⣬˵أʱٺڣɾûˡ
룬˵һҹʮġ
һʮģƹһ㶡
ˣһʮġҪߣоˣסȥٿ
㡪ƹһᣬæסͣУʮľʮģôˣǿҪסգ
ʮķѺƹĵǿջ⣬żȥԺéޣææˡ
Ҫǰʲôһſ⣬һڣ쳤˲ӳ˺˷ʱҪԼģһһҪٱ⳥ģСŵ㣡
ߴߴûꣿӲסˣʮĻ
ƹԴ͵ʮͭɿˡ
ڱǣŵʲôζʣҪס
סһ˵ȥûĸ̡͵
ͼȻˣҲͲٷԡ
ǵǲһ˳ȥɣ
ȻᣡͲӻİٸ˵һȴӵʬ̤ȥ
طٿס˴
¶Ұ˵ȷõѡˡ
ǷֳԽĶ
ŰʱػʰϰǰǸʮ
СֵܣСֵܣ
ʹ򿪷ţؿȵҲ˷šոǸΪ׵׳վںԺſڣǰԺǴСֵܣҪЫӻһɣ
Ϳһȵ
ЫӻҲ̫ˡȵЦţ׳˹֣֪ôƺ
ţţͱСţˣ
õģ硣 ȵЦе
ţţ׳֡
Ҷ
ѽţţصǸţ裡׳ñĳһţС
ȵڴǶƴŹٻ˵ʲô
֪ˣţ硣ȵЦɩӺͶһ·۵òУҺʹ絹ǲ淸ˣҪǲĻǴ̳þΣ
ããоãţ׳ЦȹҾǣ
ȵ˱ȭ׳˵ػ˺Ժ
磬ҺͶȥơȵ˵Ȼ׼㡣
ȥɡ͵
Ϸźȫ̵صǵİٸˣˣҪȥ
Ͳİٸ˼ʲôߵ£ҵĴһ·۵
ˣԼ
ؿȥ߰ѣٴζµɷӡ
ͿΪп˵ǰ·Ҳá
صǲǳɳࣿ
Ժһȴûش
ɻ̧ͷӭͺڳӡĬţùص
ɡһ죬Ҫ֡
˵ǲܿˣ
ԭأ˳һصҲ˻ȥ
ǸճǻᣬҾ˵Ȣ㲻ܿġͶ˶٣˵һܿˡ
һƽɢɫһĨ
زҲûܿ࣡
˯˯ɽȸӺƣסûУ⻹ܿࣿ
ⲻܿ࣡˵һÿ࣡
ؿú˵ϡ
ʲô
ָݺ㻹ʶǸ𣿡
𣿡
á͵˵ʶǸͼǿް죬ĵر˭ɾϣǰӵ߸ϵĳ
ݵʱʵҺԥԪۣͲʶǸˡͳĬƬ̺˵Ҹ㣬ʵҺԪ۲ݡϡ𣿡
鸴ӣƬ̺ҡҡͷ
ݵ·ϣֺγìܵ飿
ԭһ·ϣҲͬͬСԸ£Ȼŵԣһ·͵ݡ
ҡعҪԼʵݡ
ʲôѾ˵Խ
ƭǸнݣ׻ΪܵԽ
硪ȵţˣǹȥɡ
һᣡ˵꣬أ˵
ûʲôȥɣصʧ״ƽЦҾ㣬һҪϽֿ
ϵ˵
֪ˡ
ߵſڣͷƺڵȴʲô
ػع˵
ؼҡ
һ¶緢΢Ц
á


116 
غdصĵһϦʳݳߡ
ȻûгԵЫӻ, Ҳ
һкãƹͶڵߡһźɫ͵ߣδͽŵ˺͵ͽͷ㡣
ĳͣ, سһ룬d, ˶Լ촽ԵúĻؼҡ
صŵԺӺͺȵû
dǰԺʱ, , һ֦, dȴѧÿ, ûһƤʹ˯
ҡdʱһ˵Ц, ͺȵ˵ӰͨԺĲź
ض֦, d˯Ҳˡ
ͣ
磬ܣˡ
ȵ죬ò, ѾƵˮȵҲ¶һ˿⡣
ͷҡҡλεȵ˷, d, ˵ˣȥ׼һˮڷ, ҹ˯һЩ, 
dµص˵ͷ, ܡ
Ҳ˯ɡ˵
dתĶ
Ȼ, ͵жƽһ, ػǲⵣĵطסֱۡ
Ϧʳʲôʵ
˳ߡ
šӦһ, ˵ҪʱԷ
ŨŨľƮɢںԺ˶١
İ˼ںԺֻһ˾һҲٱơˮٱȥҲܣǾˡ
źǴӾ̳ҹͽ˶ڴ£һתһ˫ֱ۾ʹ塣
ŵòӵϵ
ʲôŵȥצһϵ˫ָ֣͵ֱȴֱտˮ
һһʱ
ôộ
תȥ͵ĶͷȴֱӰĺ󱳣˾ƾͻ̰ᷢϡ
ô̡㵽׺˶٣żҪҪд
áȵƶѣʲô˯һ˯һͺˡ˵ԽԽػͷһƤȻͿ£ˡ
ˣƷˣͱǵʲôŮˡҡȸˣֻ˵£̸Ůʵǹڽ顣
Լ˫֣СĽڴϷŵ
ˣݸ߸ߵģʵȴᣬ˳̵Ű壬ֽԴͷںãһкһ
ûͻ·ģǰϴܰ쵽
ظֱȥˮͺȻһ첲ŵ
龰ֱֻ֣۵ĲdǱڻֻܽͽء
ͣؼȥˮϴ
һ̵°͸鵽ľ
ϵ˵ҲҪϴֻҪ㡣
һ˿ҹ紵ŷ죬ϵһ
΢ҹ磬ڵĿȴ·ˡ
žϮصؿǹһƥҰؿһ·ֱײĤ
飬飬顣
ͣˣǿװ򶨵
û˵ӱκʱѡ
Ǽٳף˵㻹ǵ𣿡
شһ
ô˻ѳȥȥϵֱۣȴøˡ
ͣؿװ˯ŭ
ѧġɿ˸Ŵ˵û˼
ߡ
ȥĶۼֿס
ֱۣĸ̡Ʒյ¶زȥˮϴ
Ҳϴ͵ֻȥ
ס֣ƽգҲգؿ˫̵ָָۣᵽؿ
뿴㡣˵ҿ㣬ϡ
ƽ£˵ܾĻ
ư͵ر£ͷϣһߺʮָۣһĿƵضơΪ˱Լ˼룬ڵ
ǵ𣿡
Ȼ̵˵꣬˶٣ţĽţԭֻݵԻݺǧͶʦ·ϱץ׳ɾ˵˰˰ٶһץ׳ʿһܡһ·ɾ׷ݣԭİ˰ٶ˾ֻʣһˡ
ôûűһ뿪
Ϊ˭ʸ£ͷһЦֱûҿɵ¾һɾԶĨɾӡǡɾҲֻǻͷΪɾӱˡݣֻΪɾ첻ҪȥԪǰ˵ҪΪЧ˵Ͼͻᱻնʾڡ
ǲԸɾѽ
Σ˭֪ǲɾĶӣЦðյĳɱ̫ˣЩˣи߹ٺ»˭ΪЩ¾
޷鸴ӵسĬ
ı˲絣ĵԼ
ô 
ԪѾ뿪ݣٴ䲻ˡ׼ô죿
ô죿ֻܼˣҪ¶ģʱȥͶҲ١
ûôźԪطˡĿ棬һѪ
ĴΥĵ
ǺͱϣֻҪһ뵽ͱһĸ㣬ͳˡ
˽˵ةɽƬɫâһŮӵɡغദȴֻĵӡ
ֻҪһ뵽ܼǳ¹ʬӣصоͳ־塣
ʲô
ؿͣڳظƽĵĲ
κο־壬߶ֵһᡣ
Լûʶ͵ʱ򣬴һĨЦ⡣
룬ϻкµĶ𣿡
ϣҲشС
ҲµĶؾȵ
Ͱһۣ˻žͲûп־塣
ʲô
ͱۣ﷢һ
ƨˣᣬİϷôõñ˳ˣ
ҲûȥˮϴһֱյýģһиͻȫƲһ
ؿڴߣ֪Ҳ˯ˣ;ԺʱѾɵ˴ϣϸԭϵı
ΰѵزͷһۣͺú˯ߣϸһ뱻ӡ
ٴ׹硣
˸ȺĻ󣬲³óϼеȸ˴صĳš
Ыӻǿζ¶飬ҲԺɢɾ
ϼǰԺϸݵһֻɫȸ֦ͣͷ౽ţ⼱ٵһ𣬴˷
һĶˢش򿪣ͷʹһſڡ
Ĵأһ߿š
׼ٴµһ㶣˰ա
ۣ´վˣĿصٷĺϡ
Ʒ١˵֥СҲӦԳſڵˡ
ӿͣƷ֥ٹ˹֣
ǡ˵ʲô£
֪֮һ𡣡


117 
⴫ִ߽С, ȴѻȸ
ԳվĺԺſڣƿʵư, Ƥʼţ߲ϡ
һյʱ䡣˵
޲, ֪õȡ
֪Ҵνġ
ɨϵ£üķɿ壺
һյʱ, Ӿ졣
߻ǰԺ
Ѿ, һ, £, վڶǰǵؿʲôˣ
ŵȵҲ˳
֪ҡ˵
ȥж𴲡ȵת߻ض
ǲüֻһˡ˵
֪Ϊʲôһţ
ݾڲûĸ, ·Ͼȵλ, ²̻֮ͨŮֽ߽˿תŵһ嵽ſ, ˶š
Ű, Կʼ·, ˵֪ڣʶ, ̸¾ֹ, ȷ̻Ĺ
ҲࡣͲ
ϲҡص
㻹أ
ĳ, ͷֹ˭Ѷ𡭡
ֻʣͻ·ĸOO@@ص
;ˡ˵, ǻ𣿡
뿪ͷѾʱ, 뿪Ҳʱ, սҺͼģ;Ůӻ
ﶼܻúܺáͺԥ
أ
˵˭۸͵ñŵ׷ɱ׼Ҫӵܵÿ죬ƨҲðһ
̲סЦˣȥ͵˼ҵļҴط
ô˵ģ͵𣿡ֱ׳ɨ䣬Ӱ֪ʶʲôӵҲѱѧ֪ʶɢôûͱƨɣſӺ۸
ɨ䣬Ǳ䡭ˣⲻҪع·ˣתߵǰΪֵĴ½
Ǽ䰮Ѽƽ·ϾͱˣõһVֳ㣬ؾôȥ֪δ̫ḡһʱҲҲõ滻
֪һʧڣǰ׶ڹԱǰһҪڵİɢеǣɶ
֪ˡͲΪ๫ֲû֪ӵϸϴ֪
ǰ֪
Ѿͷأ˵ʱԴڳ죬ȡʱѾ˷⡣
һϴսˣڴѾʼˡ
ˣƺ˭ϴ˭ûк³
̫ʱͰ绨ѩ֮£㡷ħˣӦòᱻ
ԡӦû°ɣ
ȡǽϵذףܣѥСĵÿȡ
ˡֱصͷúôţҪûһȸָӡ
⻰ظӽˡ
㡭£һҪȫ鲻Խץס½ǡ
һЦգӲµģѸ
˶վµȵ˵ͷߵǰԺſڣ˫Ժţֵǰ
߰ɡ
롪
תָ̧֣·һ͵ȵ
̧
ڲⲿûʲô𣬿տյʲôûС
£һΣҲϳˣһԲĶ档
ݳݣ
ǰ
Ĭİʱͣһĸۡǰ
֮Уһµңɷ顰լ֡
ɷֻƷϹԱͻ׹ݣܹҸңȻ඼챻ˣȻûʲôɡ
ķΪԼլӹҵľǸҡ
󣬲˫֣һ񣬵ǰţ˴֪
תʯʨм̨ף˴󿪵ĺľţһѵȺڵ˳ޱֵ
ԵŷVֳͣ¶һ˿
ԼһڵظŹܼģӽ˸š
֪ĸ֪ۡȻͬſڵʯʨӺ͸ߴ߽׵ʯ⣬һж͸ųȼӣûзλεĵǽ
±˲֪յ֪֪Ǹ٣򣬴̰١
ܼҽʹߵһԺӣֵ֮ͨһ㣬鷿ڴ֪е
ɡ

ȥûУ
һ̤ţʫӽ̲סʵ
ȥˡ˵үӣɵĳȥӵأԹܼҲһ͵ſڡ
Ǿͺáʫӽһ£һǰѰ´򷢣ϲ˵ҲҲá
ǶСүǰ˵ôû˵
ȥǼʯһתʫӽ͸ı⣬Ҫʯ죬öɫǼлݶ¹Ƶġٰҵͷһ
С㣬ҪȥӣЩԥⲻ̫ðɣ
ʫӽױǰϸԼüۡ
ţҳлӦ¡ʲôõģ
ʫӽĲ죬ֹֻȥˡ
ʰúʫӽڴͬ鷿ԹܼվǰӰں߳첽
С㡣ԹܼҾһ񣬡ү鷿ͣСҪҪͨ𣿡
ʫӽ΢΢һЦʲôҪ£ֻպ£ЩϸҪ͸
ܼҸҪ˵鷿Ŵˣ˳
ʫӽϥ˸
ߵǰģ
ԭҵġʫӽЦӣʫӽ˵㻰
˼ǷֱǰǾ䡰ҲԶŵġһǧӵģӻû֣ͷ͵㲻ȥ
˵ٻ˵Ҫϼҿ͸һµʱ䡣
ⲻͦ𣿡ʫӽЦӵĲܣϼũ̫ˣҲ˽ܵ飬ӴӰٻҪ˶öȻͷء
ҵȻȥ
ʫӽһȣѵΪԼ𣿡
£ȻҪһˡ˵
ΪɩƽնӺ˳ӣҾʹΪƴˡʫӽЦЦˡ
ū澲ŶƴӣòƴӡͲͷˣżɽӦҵĶأ
Ѿ׼ˡʫӽЦֻ˶ӣ˿
תͷԹܼҵԹܼңҪȥǰԺԴһ̣ȥæɡ
ܼҵͷӦ
ʫӽǰԺ
ӽô
˲ŶУʫӽ״
ʲô͵ͷ˿Լѣûʲôԡ
˿װ𿿽װɩôû׼һԼ͵õòȡ֮ˣ˵׼ˡ
ۻٿ𣿡˵
ʫӽһ㶡
Ͳõ⣬ҲЩƶˣʲôϵ
ʫӽ˻棺ؿʫӽ硣
˲֪ߵǰԺŽǰ
ͣ½Ųʫӽ
ʫӽһ񣬴ǰһĽһƱ͡
ͺת߳š
ʫӽվԭأĬĬؿӰʧڽͷ
С㡭ѡ
ʫӽת߻أݰɡ
¶ޣ̲סӸ֪ôСΪ˵ûӣһɫûС
ʫӽҺ˭òʤһ
ڶݵԥȻҼСʤһ
ΪζҲмһˣʫӽ
òѧϵȡſ֮꣬͡һ£˽ӶûϹӣȻԸ࿴һۡ
С㡭
ҲסұȲòǡʫӽתͣұЩ
С㣡ɫ䣬ס֣˵²Ҫᣬӳȥˣʲôû
ʫӽĬ
Ҳ뵱ʲôû
ÿҹλأصǸµɽ߰˸һ/Ц˽ƽ˺ѡ
ѺӵĴ࣬ȻǱ֪֮Ů
֪ǣҲ֪ǡ
ֻҪЩ޴һݵʯȹ£ͻ֪Ժʹǰһ
..................
ҪһΪߵ
ֻܷǳجΡ


118 
߳լ, ɣŲࡣ
˴ĳڳ߿ձ, æס
ӣҪȥϳɡ
б˲ռ˵ͺԥ˳ʱصǼò, ȴİ׳Ժӡ
ǰԺȵ, һ
ɩأûԺصӰ, üͷ
ɩӺͶϽȥˡ
֪ȥʲô𣿡
ɩ˵ȥׯͳ̿, Ӧȥ˰ɡ
͵תż⣬ٴȥ
, ȥǡ
ڼԷȵ
׬ǮǳԴ͡Ʊ, ¶һǳ
ȻáȵЦ
ֺ, һҡ·ţ
ѾмŸͬĳ˿, һŮ໴СӤסҡΣĺͯҥ, гĸ
μУ֪˺ü, ˲ٰյ, Щܴ, ʱ̰ͼͬݰһѵõƽͰȡ
͹٣ȥĶݳϺʵ
Ĳׯͳʲôطʡ
Ϻˬʴ޻֡ϳµĵ̶
Ǿȥ޻֡ͳһСͭӸϺ˵, ˡ
л͹٣Ϻϲصˡ
ţ˶, ͿŽֵĵ, ˵غؼģ
ǰȵͬУŽ̷ֱƶ
֪Ϊ̰뷽跨˰ѹǮƣղţݱǸг㣬⣬صҵչϲһССͷء
˻ӵ飬۲;ţûע⵽ʱţϵĳ˿;Ѿˡ
Ϻţͣ͹٣޻ֵˣ
ͺȵţϺָŴţƵǰˡ
޻ĳĶ֮ʹȵˡ
ôʲׯλã
ׯѡò·ҲҪʱ䡣ɩƽմ֦Ҷؼʱ̲ӡ֪ǻͣã϶ѡ¡ƶǰϵĳ̹꣬ҵɩӡ
˽ɩӡȵп
ɩӰҡ͹ǵذ˰ͷҲܹ£ҵʱ˼ѣ
ȵȷ𰸣˶٣
ֻҪС̾˿ķһǧƱؿڣһ·ϣɩӸҳ˲ٿͷƱӦõġ
ȵɨһۣѹɿ˵Ҳ֣ʶʱҾɩӲͨŮڣ־ɩӲͨΪǳԲ˿ģû뵽
ӿϵŮˣͨ𣿡͵һۡ
ȵǣ粻ͨĴ磬翴ϵŮȻͨŮˡɩӳ߹󣬻ò˫ȫŸ߰˶ڳʫĴ翰ƾ䣡
̵ص˵ͷȷʵˡ
߽һš޸Ƶĸ¥պÿǮء
dվһԣ˫ֶдĲҲСĺҶ
Ͷˣd˴磡
ʶת

ײȻͻһס塣
һʧؿ˿ճľ룺ƽմͷԵģôʱӦ죿
Ǳѵģ
ز⣬Ƶ֣Ŀתȵôһˣ
㲻ڼҵңӾֻܳˡͳؿƱžϹ̨ȥ㻨
һƱϵ֪ﱻ޶ë
ӣլ֮ûա
ŻһĻƴӺ˳̨ϵƱ֮ǰֱ̨һѹĵطÿտյ
ˣҪѶˣ㿴ǲЩƵ
ȱ˵꣬ŤͷͣãҸֵܶѡ״͵ˣԿϲҪﲻʣھͽ¡
ѡģһ㶣ע⵽߽ĻõĶʿַۡ˷Լأ
Ҳȱѣڽ¥ĺЩûüءؿĵȻϣҾѴˣò˷Ǯ
ԭǿĵĻȴͷسĬˡ
ôˣ¶ɻ
ûҲʱˣҶѣҲ⡣ͿڵѡϲģϾ򡣽첻Ʊ꣬Ӳ׼ؼҡ
ԥƬ̣ϲսʤǣӻöĿЦݡ
򣿡
ġ˵
˷ܲѣתԻ˵ǰ˫ﻨƵǼɻɫķɷ֦ơ
ȥĶڹ̨ʻƣüѼӵѡ
ƨ˵бⶹ̶£ɫŻƽȹ
һ֮ǰǵѣһԻҲ֪׼˶١
ԵȣСȥá
Ƶŵŵ϶¥ؿ֪ͣ˵ʲô
лҾŮ͵
سһﻹ֪Ů
ֹ˵檣߸ӣȴֻʫӽһŮĶŮǳ谮ҲǣΪ֮һٻ
֪֪ͼƺǸù٣ظ˵
òԾǺù١Ǹù١ͷ̵س˳ǣҪڳ͵֪˸߸ϵı顣˵͵ĶͣһٻҲΪжϣôıŮԶ㡣
ʲô¶ûа
Щ˾ϹۣΪԼɨ˽Ƕ˶Ҫ˶Ҫֵޣֲġʲô
ʲôʱˣ̲ס
ˡҲ룬ͷش˾æԼ¶æʱߴߴɣǷڷѣֲķѣ
£Լ촽
ԼƽʱҲͦġٱˣϲ˵ǲҲˣ
ôһ룬һʱ򣬻̫ˡ
֣ԭǶ໰ˡ
ƨˣһ𣬺ѱԼĽࡣߴߴɣŪҲߴߴ
ǰܶׯţǿڣƨƨȥ
ƨ˵Ĵ
ô˵ͺȻüͷšһ𣬡˵ô࣬üִңôţǲǲӣǲӻķˣ
žһʴء
˵ˣ㲻÷𣿡
ֲˣ˵ٶҲˡѿڶ
ƿˣ沿¶ȴĻش
ܣ㿴ʲôأdһһӣȥõȵ
ϵȸô˫ɶԵġȵ̾һ
dһãȻ
źðȵһӵؿһء


119 
ظֵܸѡʵϺõĳ, ָԼѡȹ߸˵ضˡ
İٶ˵ԺԶ֣ظһ, ·صɽ˺С
ˬЦߵĽǽ˷쵴š
ǽţ׳ʿϸԼĲ£ôʱ, ˸Ժӵһ, ţδ̤ǰԺһ
d˰ѴСغסĶ, Ҫ뿪, Ϳڵǵһ£лҪ˵
ȵһ, ֪˵ʲô
Ϊлңҵذٻǵͣ, Ǽߣ
ҽͣȵƬ, ڽ̫ۼ, ˵ǰںºЩǰδ¶ʵ, нթڽݷʲô
ô룿ͿһƨڴҡͷԵd, , ؽݣ
ռݣdŤŤ
ռ, ûԵֻռ͵Ѽҵȥݣ²׻صݡ
Ǿ͡ޡνﶼСdʧ
أͿһֱû˵ء
߶ϣûԥ, ˵ġ
Ļشƺ͵, ؿ, һ˿ݡ
㲻һֱͷؿ𣿡
롪²һ¡صȵ˵öԣڽ꣬һ֪ǵݡֻҪĸƽƽģԶͷˣΣ
áȻһǾͼˡ˵ҾȥУݰٻ֪ʲôˮ̡
̣̲סͨأ
֪ɷ⳦ˣһͨ͵ɴ۾
Ҳǧ׷ɱ㡭
׷ɱѼʲôϵͦš
أƨȥɣܲˡ
̶֮󣬵ڶգ;ʹȵլ
ϴεǸܼҰ쵽鷿һ󣬽յ鷿ڴˣ߽鷿ֳ֪⣬һӣߵĻš
˶һ޺ϣ̴ľϰһֻʣоֵ̣ʢĲյѾð
壬˹ٷɫ컪ƽۣ弸ǰͨͷҲ̧һ֮еı
ˣ
˿ңƾܣֻܵܣǡͣ
ɫ˵֮ˣʫӽ˵ȵɡһdأ
˵ǽסĵط˵ȣҲһڼңտˡ
סʲôط
Ϊջûзˣסһջƹ˽լ
׵ֵ˵£СŮǳ˰ٻȻֵµİٻֱӼܷɡ˽լҲסˣ˶ӡŸÿٻһĺԺʰʰֱӰȥɡ
лˡ͹˹֣ӽԺ͵ϴ󣡡
¹Σѻôգ̧ͷž޲˫ڿ͡
ϴλŲVֵʵϼѵĽۣһףһ˿졣
Цҵϴ˵ôվôգ˵˭Ҿ˭
Ϊɵ̬üƽϢˡ
иĻᣬ벻
и͵ʱҲ֡
Ҫֱ˵벻ʫӽǵԣԭǴѧġ
һŲװǻƵȴȻɢЦôõ£ΪҪң
ȻΪ˱ٵŮ˵ٻ֮λеƷէȻλǲʲôɼڣǱ㣬Ҳܲ˼ڵĿ
ƨ
ͰЦˣȫ˰ţ
ã
ת͵
ݾһ˹ģķկɧݰѾáܳɹʲΧˣٻ֮λʵ顣ģ
һǰˣŰҲǰˣпеġ˹ģˮ̫ɣȴֺԡ
ֵͱز
¶һ˿Ц⣺²˳٣ȥ׼աڣϷϣĺϢ
ʹ
˺ϵЦʧ١
ɫƽؿϵĲо֣ڵĽ˷˳ɹ
ĻŶˣʮաһûжҲûھҰ½կ
гĬʾ˵
կȻֻˣɺаԵĵƦɣǾһսƻǵĺüν˷˶顣Ͳһֺ֮ˣկüʯͷע
һɽҰ򡭡ôϷıŮЦ
жԼŮĻȴۡ
С壬֪ͼŮӿģ
Ц
ԼŮῴʲô
ʻŶӵѡһͬʣӲ֮¡
ֻΪһӴ򷢼ɣΪҪٻ֮λ
ŮӶԳ֮øУϷʵÿ춼ݣ⣬еļ
ܺܵڽկôȻȻطĿڣܾʫӽ˼һãʵá
ǲģһְ취Ļſɫ˵ٻפأԶǴڷأҪգפطأҲ۲Ϊˡ
˵ɡƿ̣ÿɷ
ĻŲԹɫˡ
ͽկϢڰʱִʫӽС
ɫѿ׼鷿ףѣͷ棬ߵǰȴָı⡣
ԼСһԲתգȵС㣬㲻ȥү𣿡
ȥˡʫӽȥˣӵɱ⡣
δɵĵָḧĵϵʺ
Ǵ©ӰҵΪ˵˲ٺûٳΪҶʲôе˼Ψһİ취Ӿ콨ҵӮõΣΪĵ֡ӳԶν˷˲һ¡
ƶǶص˵ͷ
ο
ʫӽźߵ룬ᴩ档
Ҳ֪ǷֵΪٻ֮λ

뿪լֱͷŴȵصΪУϼеԺӡ
̤ţţʮڲ
ֵܻϹԷ
Ͱ±յӵݸȵʾȥʰ޳
ţɤӴûֵȥɽ˲Ұˣ֮ʣ˲٣Ͽ̸ԣȾƴ
ˣľƻѪأҲش
һƿţľɽ͸ţһһ͵͡
ǻˣ˵꣬dҲ˳
˯죬۾һ̣˯۾ȫɴˡ
ҪԣdҶȵȥ
߽ϴغȥ¸ƽع
֪˵ʲôˣ
ϲĿҲ˳ۣ֧ʹȥ˷ˡ˵
˷ˣصķˣ
ԱߵĽկկӲ󣬵ֵúܣ˼ֽ˷˶仨ˮ
.
ֹ֪𣿡
ȥ˷˵ǰǰҲǧˣӾֻһٶʮˣ춼
ҪǺãüͷ壬˸ˡ
һһɲ¡͵ŵϵѥӣֵڴϵ
˫Ժĵ
и׼լӣǾͰȥЩﶼϲһףҾķʽҪЮ㡣˵ÿٻУҹƣֻӲ⡮١
һתĿվڴߣɫǵϡ
ŻЩֵǮʰһʱ·׼


120 
͵ڶվʹdȵ뿪˼, ҲխĶᵽ˶ԱǺլĺԺ
˺ԺЩճµ˺ÿļˣէȻϰ
Ϊ˲вȴڼӸ˸Сϴ
Сֻʮ, ϴȴǺ֡ϲΪÿʣĻÿʱһŹ, ѹӣҲʱԹĸƫ׵, ˵ЩԸסش׹, Ҳȥƫ۵ĵͽĵܵܵ
ôÿҪ㣬һЦͣΪʲôŸüͷ
, ϴ, ˸С¡
дͣȻʧЦ, ̧ͷء
ƽҲﲻ
ûС
дһƪһ, ֽţᴵ˴, Сطŵһԡ
￴ŵһֽѣͷӣдջûд꣬дʲôأ
Щܰ͵æؼóֽ, Ĭκ󣬶дһ˷¼
ЩССĽ˷ж, ;˵, Щʱ鷿򸸻ʻ㱨˷һʱµ, ЩǴӹֻƬиģ͸һʱʱıʷۻġ
ѧܿ죬ǶҲܿ죬һ鱾ûмǲסġ
СʱʮĽȥ鷿ֵܣڴ򸸻Ҫֵһȥ鷿ȴһ谮ĸһ١
ĸҲվڸǱߣȸ̬ȸΪڸߺɫһ١
ǵʱίΪˣڱ˺þá
ֹ˼꣬𽥶ˣˣѧߵŮһ޿κεʵ
ŮŮ⣬Ҫסκ鱾
һŮˣΨһҪѧģΪһ˷á
ڼּң⣬ģܸ衣
δŮӶԣ񶾵ǡ޲ȥѻŮӶԣ񶾵áǡ䲻
ӿԶأŮȴΪ˭ĸ
ŮӦ
ûһֻһ֣ܹѼϵһڵĻ
뷨Ǵ治Ƿŵǵаܻ
¶ĵãκ¶͡
ʲôû˵ȴȻա
شûһ߾ȫ뷨跨ϣԼĴܸһ˿
ʹܵȥפΪպ˷׼ڼᵽշתζ
˷˲åƦСС֣ŪãҪġ
뿪ĵһεΪ𺣵Ļʹ˵ʬ嵱УѪĳˡ
˻ߺֱֱ֣ؿȻһͷԵڻС
ʱͷµѾˮʪ
ȻͿʼд˷˲ߡ
ʾ֭䡣
Ǻͽ˷صģǼ٣¼ο
ʱ䲻ˣҪж֮ǰѽ˷˲߽
ҹصһҹĵƣʱ֣ڿж
෢ɬ۾˲Ϣһᣬš
һؿ͵ţرϵ;·һ翪ŵ±ʳ̣ؽͣţȥ㣬һС̳þơ
Щڵİٻ
ţڰٻǰͣ£֮ͨһŲٷСذ뵽Ͱ칫
£߳鷿ΪڲһΪʧȥŲˮһϹдء
䣬ͨªֻдֲʳ˶ൣ
СȲС˫ֵڸǰ
û𣿡شŷ򵥵տĲã
Сͷԭеģ˵ʿ֧ʡطǰձ㶼ˡ
˵ŻһϤӰ󲽿˷䡣
ղȻˣСɫķɫҲˣӸճɵ˽˵ʱ
ͣ½ŲбͦӰӾ±߰Ĺɡ
СĬĬһ񣬵ͷ˳ӡ
ͣʺúԾȥſš
Ҫô˵һ
ߵǰµؿһ顣ǱԹȴžϲ
פסĵطԶԼţһҡ̫鷳ˡ
˭˵Ҫˣ˵һΪҪϴ軻£ʰԼ
ʲôʰ޵ģؾ
ӲҲҪϴ裬£ʰʲôĴô˵Զֺ
˵˵˵
Ͱҿ˸飬Ȼüͷһ壺ϣôˣ
غԾݵ㡣
ûݣ⼸ղøʵˡͽˡ°ͶˡϡҲڵʱûкúóԷ𣿡
Ż˵ڼ㣬óԲ·
˵ڵغˡ
Ҳû˵ӳԵñҰĵܻܵ٣үȰȰɣ˵ĻӲ
һ˵꣬ͷ׽֮ǰɿˡ
һסȥ׽أԼЦЦ˵óԲ·
һϹ˵Ļ˼óԼ
գһۣ˵أ
ͺٺЦ˵ˡ
ذλ
Ӳ֣Ҫǲңʲô
ֻʣǶˣ͵ָڴָ죬¶ȴָ䴫ݹһ˿˿壬ŵࡣ
dȵأ
ع򶨵֣š
šüͷһ˵
ʲôһأ
Ҳɾȥ
Сֹ͸һ㱡°ϣĳȴ
⼸𣿡
áԼʱеС鷳Ѿˡ
ôģ
˵£Ȼȭͷֱ׳
˷˵ļƲ𣿡ʳһֱĵ⡣
ˡ
һ㶣ˣ
͹Ϸţߵӽ޺ǰ
𶼸Ա䱸һ޺͵޺óʹúۼͷбùıߵβϲŴʩչֵ塪ڼ𴲺Ĵһģһ
ؿȥʰһ£ͷһ͡
һ
׼ʱ·Ŵ졣
ܴʹ򣬴򲻹·ѲΪҪ
ɫȻֱ׳
̬ȣһ
ںܲܳͷأССƷٻ
ֻҪػع͢ǻҲһΪƷλ
ԲҪʳֻҪƽƽ

óһֱԱܵĺһ˷˲ߣ֣µص˳ȥ
ʲô
Ϳ͸ֽŵīɻؽӵС
ؿŵͷ鿴˷˲ߵ֪ͣΪЩɬԾš½ǣСдģҴӸʺ˵;˵飬һʵҪԼá
ʹӽ˷˲ֱ̧ؿ
ȵԽԽС
ҲﲻʲôæܡܸʲôҲһء
㻨˼дģʡ
ΥĵҲûá
ΪдԲˣ
˵ûݡ
һת
ر⡣
ʲôŵæȥ͵ţᱻ˿ģ
Ϳ߿ţǵ˳ȥӽãǿȢ˶ôõŮˡ
ʹ̨ףһסͼء
ǣӵ
һ󺰣һڲԶ̽ͷ̽ԵС˵õָͷҲصȥǣˡ
ͣ
㲻뿴פӣ뿴ƽʲôطЩʲô
͵Ļ⶯Ķһ͡
Сǣƥ첽ܻأͳԥʱ򣬲ɷ˵ֺֺڣץҪǿͲ룬ɴһ
Ȧסڵأֻץס͵һ
ݣ
㣬Ϯ
ؾһͻС


121 
ɱ, 紵Ϲιޱ鷢
µȥغµرս˫ۣ˫ֲץ͵½
͵ķ, 쳹Ķϡ
, 㲻ۿ๫ڵĵ̣
Ҳ, ˡ
, 㲻ۿ˶ڶָָء
ؾŵذͻ㣡
ָ˵ʲôأҪۿߴߴʲô
͵Ļ, ԺиֳһµĻ, ָϵָָ㣬һͱġ
治һ²ῴʲô
ؾջսս˫ۡ
ԤеĻûӳ
ϳͨ, ࣬·Ψһһ˵·, òĿ⿴Ǽ۶, ָָ, ۷׷ס
ǰУһ߽׸ߵʯݳǰ
ؼǣݣ
ɫĴʯ׳ȥ, ز, ٴΰͻ
, ۣ
һȣȻԸ, ۾ȴһ졣
ǰ, ߸Ծ, ֱһԾ, ʯϵƽ̨
Ƭ֮󣬿ټĹ㳡
һ֧ڲİ˶½ͣ˱ܵĽŲĿɿڴؿŴ׷Ŀ
ضϰٸ˵Ŀ⣬ɫͨ죬߷ֻطʧ
ƫƫվڶǰͷdҪػֻ׳ֱۣ

ɱĿٽӽ飬յʮ˽ȫפͰ
ͻδ䣬黩ȻľʿѾʼյ񱼣һģҲæ˦˫׷͸ϡ
ȵһ߿ٳǰĶѣһػͷغɩӣСһһʺã
˦˦ֻӲ۵úĶ
ϣգʱгĳ˵䣬˵ۡ
ҪɽˣԴѾһӿˡ
Ŵ󸻣ΪӲ֪мＸ׺߸ʲôأȥ͵
ÿһ˵֣˾ͻӿŲ
Լලʿٶۿɼ
Щ˵ĺ󱳣ӭֱߣصصϡشܳĻջǻصܵϡ
ÿ춼ôܣ̲ס
Ҫÿ춼ܣǻһʱ죿û죬ǾͿ޵ġķӵܶ磡
Խ˵Խǰľʿ󺰵ӵܶɳ֣ʲôʸŬͶ̥Ȳ˼ңѵŬҲҪ𣿣
͵Ľ£ǰܳЩ

ϣⱲӶûл֪ࡣ
ſյĹ㳡Ȧ۵ͨ죬󺹵˽Ӷյ㵹Щûµģµˣϵĺɰܡ
ϣɫؿΪǰݡ
ǣؾȵ
һһɰ
ȵ˹ĺɰݸϵء
ؽӹһɫĺɰϸܣõǱ˴ֲʤڽʵáɰײЩ͹ƽһײǳһɫһӲġѼ֡
˭Ȼҡ
ʮֻɣ벻ֵд˶Σ˸ͬѼ֡
ÿղʱɰ˿ڴ쵽ʮͭ壬ʧȥɰûϦʳҪʰȫפĲо֡
ȵ˵ϣ⿪ڣÿҪһѣûʱ춢ǣǻජţѵнĴľܳ͡ˢͰܱȼ˱һͱúðɣ
ؿǰ۸Ҫʰֵ֮ľʿⷨȷʵ
һߵ̱ڵصľʿԣһһȥ
˲ϢĻᣡ
Ͷ
̶գ;ͺЩʿһƬؿǰӴҽУȴô͡һ˴ӵ𣬽ĺɰ߿ϵص
ˣǾǸǷɰ𣿡
ؽ֪Ӧⳡ档
ûôжǻ¹ڲ󺹡ŮھӦôϹԼ˫ۡ
ۣҲŮ
ϣ֪Ͷϵ͡
ɫԺЩɰȫõġ
롪
ʿһƬ̾
˵Ůðɰñʵˣ
ǣû֮Ҳ˵ɰá
ǱŮ죬ֺ˵㡭Ҵ¥Ҫ
һӾʿɫԣһӴ˵Ӿʿ
ҪҪһ¡ӾʿɫͰ͵۾ɡ
ҪԼ۾⣡ȵ϶صɰϵֶΰӢ۱ɫɩӸҴòãֻΪ㻹ûᵽӢ۱ɫˣ
ɰΪʲôҪѼ֣Ӿʿ
ͻûڣȵͦţѼѼóԣѼޱůѼʺϵȵķϣ硭ȣɩѼںɰϣǶǼ˺ϣǶܳΪѼӰ㴦Ǳ˲Ű
ͷȵ˵˵ġ
ȵǫ鹰֣ǴɩӢСֻǽ軨׷ʰ۰ˡ
ʿǻȻ򣬽ͷӶ
ԭˡ
࡭
Ůкܣǣɰ
ãȢҼҵĶ
දݶѺõϣֻ¶һζʧò΢Ц
ǧѡŮˣⶼ͵üëް˰긣˵ɣ
͵Ŀ佱ˣֱ׳ֺԼԴǿţ˻ֺٽ
ߵǰַشȹӣж㣬ĥĥ䡣͵ȵòͷֹס§ס˫ȣ͵ؽ
ô˵棬˺ڵľ
ҲС
ΪǰİʿѾ˺СްʼʹҲֻᱻߵһ
Ͱڵϣվúǣ֣ʮָǰȥ
ʹȤĺ죬ȻûбӰֺͷӦǣҶηȻڵǰȥ
رӰ죬岻ɷ
ûһ𣿡
ʲôһ㶡
ô˿ҴˡҲûһⰡ
˵ãһ˵磬˵Ϊ
ⲻڣԺ˵
ӲŲں˵ʲôʹĻնӾǿȢ˶ôõŮˡ
δ˵𱸱仰˺
㲻ЩŮһηηվҲԺֻ֪ΧҴתҲں㱻˿ΪǧѡȢŮˡأΪŮˡ
شסˡ
ȻҪ̣ô˵޴ӷڣ㡪㶵Щ˵ߴߴɣڻŮ֮ǰҪѧһˡ
תǣǰȥ
ֱǰɫ˿ûʶش˿̵ı仯
Ļӿͷϳϸٹ̵ļ
ֻһ΢ӣȴ˶¡
ֹڴˡ
벻ƴ۵ضáʵϣȴ̹Դû
尾ġ
ͣ½Ųͱǣŵͣ˽Ų
ôˣ
ؿǰˡ
ͺ͸£ȴȻͬ
ԭÿ˶ŮӰͶ⽻ʵʸ
ԭÿ˶ҪһֻеĻݺ
ʹȻǳ£
Ϊ߶С
ؤţʥ֪رڵԡ
Ͳ͡
ǧҲһͣãã˺ƫƫϵ͡
Ҳǡ˵
ѧǰηģֱӭߡ
ν˷˽ΣǴϻɽҰ򡭡
һнŮӲ˵˲֪ܵĻ
Σ
λΪʮļ˵
ҶΪ


122 
d, ɫصضŹһ˺ٺЦ͡
ЦЦһˡǲɵ˴磿
˰컹Ͳסе֦վ
ģҪȥһ, ô硣d˵
뱻ȥɡȵͷҲ̧
, üͷ, ö̶εĲѥ첹
d, ȭͷ, ԥͣ˽Ų
Ǵɵ, ôǡ˭ǳԡ
ûɵ˯һͺˡȵҧߣѷƶĲѥõ̫һ, ôô, Ǵ粹úÿ
Ǿáô粹
æءȵ˵
dԻؿŲԶڵͣ׶ɵЦĴʲôæġ
ϼ⴩ӵĹ𹫷, ڰȾһõɫĹ⻪
£ϼ, ̲סЦ
˵Ϊ
ǹе, ǽ֦Ҷ, , ȴδ߸, ʢˡ
У鲢޸ߵ͹֮֡ȱĵڵϸ, ĵضԴǡ
ļѺҲûиıĴ, ıʯһҫ۶ĿĹԡ
ɰҵ顣
Ľ
, ˵Ϊ
ν˷˽, ǴϻɽҰ򡭡ҶΪ
͵԰ͷţļƷ˳ȥ
ǽ˷
ʲôѵģ
Լ, ʰˡЩʰĹ߳İϷõı˭ԶʰʰˣһҪʲӽկ£ضĿ࿴С
ǴϰҹдĽ˷˲ߣ۾
ԼǿǵĻˮƽ˷˲ô׻дɣõҲִͳͨƪͼûʶ֡
ΪĽ˷˲ߣ̲סֿǡ
ô粵Ҳûãǰ
ʮ㳯⺰ýկĵͼҪúÿȺʲô˲ģ
Ϧʳ첹ѥȵһ飬ˣ
ţ
ȵѲѥӸһԵd˦˫򹫷
dͷϰҵ·ϣ䲻ͷһֻѥӴһŭţ̧ͷʱȵѾ˹
磬ǽկĵͼ
ȵҳһֻĵͼչǰϡ
ͼֻĵƣԽկĴӪͼԽǼªͿŴֲڹĵͼͷ˼ͷҲ̧
Ϧʳ͵ǲõҳԷˡ
ȵӦǺ뿪ŵع˷š
һͷdվ
Ӻ磿ĵ
˺ˣȥض棬æأСĳŴҪ㡣ȵ
dƶǶص˵ͷȥ۸ˡ
Ͷڹͷ˼һ˺ʰôʰ
ֻһٶʮʿʳʿӵĳӡָɽһָկʳһĢԼԼ
֪ϼʧˡ
ˮ¹͸ɴƽש档ҹңԶĳ΢Ĵҹ
͵ӰͶϣס˵ͼһʶֱʱҹɫ
տ˼Ȼû뵽ʲô÷
ô׽Ҳ񽻸ˡ
У˳۾ֱ˵ǰٻְ֮žͽ
һٸǿиɵıӣôԸٶʰĴʦ
ʰҲɣ
ķңͷĿ
ˣٶ࣬ҲǷȸһԼʰģܴʹ򣬴򲻹ô
ϵǾ仰ô˵ţ
ˮڣǻˣҪô
һͣ͵شֱ塣
ˮ
ȻϺһ˷˲ߡ
ǵüƵġĶš
ڣһдŶ̶ֵֽͣ
ڻԵɺ֮£һѧʶԨͨı̸֮ʮǳ˻ʱĽ˷佫˵Ĵ۲ȡֻǧ˵¹ɽկʱ͢ٹٽ鲻ףȴΪԶĩãΪаԲԼʿһĲʤ
һ磬һݵؽ¹ɽ˻
ʯ䣬һ⻮ͻԺ
˵ϣϸ̿ĵͼ
ʱⲻ֪ʹ͸¹Ũתһļ˼žҹӡ
ȵһ죬۵ú˯d׵ĴûһƤ
˯ʱפdĶ˷Ȼ߿ˡ
һӰǴµϵһĴ
˯ˣѣа취ԸȺˣ
ȵ˻Ժţ˾ͱ
ͷˮΰѵؿǰѾˣ硭ǡҪȥĶ
ҪȥĶҪȥĶ˵ţһƴ˯dˣ
dڴϣ⣬һ
ˮˣ͵
ʲôd䵯ϰ۾ʺţһ⶯ӣһˮ
£ˮԣһdϣ˻Ųڵˮ
Ҫʲôȵ۾˴
ȥҸ׵ˣٽͻ͡
ȵ˯⳹׷ˣɫȻٽͻͣ
ԣһҪͻ͡͵²©Ϣ
磬ͻ͵ļǮǸСĿ
˽ˣ֮и³
ȵѶȰ裬ת绹ʲôҪ
ȷˣļƻϸϸ˵һ顣dȻνıһֱŻ˯ȵԽ۾Խ͸һ˵̲꣬ס
ⷨӺã
ȵ˵꣬Ȼ뵽ʲô¶Ϊɫļıãô֤ʵʩƻʱǡ֣
оУûҲǿ󡪡
ȵҪͣͻһת˵
µ̬ȻҪóġ
ô
жʱ֪ˡ

պ󣬾ֻ֪һ졣
컹δȴƲ㡣
ʣҹ֮رΪиʱ
կĴСһ§Ž檻˯t¥СආŹǷ˭Ҳ뵽ƽ˾֮£ΣȻʼ
ɽ£һȺ˶ڲt¥ڣڰ֮УӰɽصعؽկtǡ
ôѹ
µӰ£˫һ֦Ҷï֦ܵαװ
ǰȵҲװ硣
֦ͷϣ˵ҶƬͷһһ
û⣬׼ˡȵ˵㣬ȫͻˡ
һһ֦ĴͷڵϣѵŲƽ˲t¥ǡ
˴硭
׼ˣʡ
d˵ͷ׼ˡ
ã¾㱸ֻǷ磡
һָϸϸΪ۳з׷¡
磬ʲôȵʡ
ʪɣϷ紵ů纮˼ҳĵƽҪһܸ͸ֻ˰վ͸ˣŬ˵ˡ
ҪôŬ
ϵ̧ͷˣƹܷ·ɣ
dϵ
һͷֵǲǽկߣרµģ
ȵ룬˵˵ܷķӦȵʦܷ
ãǾ硣͵
ô룿ȵʡ
ʩ붫磬ʫ硪̬Ȱںá
ûм̳ûģһƷûС
ʹͷƵְ֦һ֧֦ͷָ谵գţſھ
ãȼҪ硣
Ѽĳ㣬³Ծ硣
ִⲻ档
ķ
Ͻܡ
ȵҪƽкãһֹ
ȥ
ȵر졣
ͳƬ̵ʫͽС硷ɡ
ѻȸž
˫۾һ֦
˵ˣҲΪ͵ס硷
һյʱȥˡ
һʱȥˡ
ˣˡd˵
֦ڶͷ
ֶˣģһƱӾȥķӵĶţ
磬̨ݡȵ
ͳеĻӣҧģƴˡɱЩСƦӣɱ֮ȥ̨ɱ񣡡
硭ȵ㶵ؿ֣Ķˡ
û˵

аγĻӺȻ硣
һԺ͵̧ͷ
˷ֶڻζ˽µĲݴҲҡڣ˲䣬ط·鶯
γˢɳӰ֮䡣
̡
ӵĻҫģ
εĳĬ͵ɫתΪ㡣
׼ˣ
׼ˣͬ
ͺһлǰڵͻ͡
ᣡ
һ͵Ļӵ͵ش
͸ĻһһߣʮķֳֽߣһֳֽߣҵЮţѸײڶ֮ƳΧŽկĴƬ֣
ĿĻ⣬ٿػ˽կĺڰ
Խկ˵ҹŸոյ


123 
վ֪͵һ졣
صڼ, ̵ı²ʰ׵·ҵ
ʱʱߵĺԺǰ
Ϊ·㣬Ҳ򷢻ؼˡ
һж׼, ֻ͵ź, Ϳżҵˡ
δһֱȵϼձƽߣδȵ͵Ϣ
ѵǡ
ȥĿܡ
ô, ܵôܸ, һµġ
صھŴȷϰϸͷûʱ, ŵԺ
ӣӣˣ
ص˫һˡ
ǿߵǰԺԺš
￴԰׵ɫһ
ӣ㡭
˭ˣʡ
ү, ŴΧ˺öڿʬ塪
ﻰδ, ؾƿ
ӣﾪȵ
ͷҲء
˺νǣϵζ
ʶɫؿ
ֵʱ, ȴֺе·, ֶɫ졣
شĽ̸ﲶ׽Ϊ̶ʬ塢ȫ
˵ʬ˻ˣģزܲ, ŵؽסһˡ
Ȼ, ۼأµ԰һ鱨ɺһǣʬҪţ, Ȱ㻹Ǳȥ, ζѬ˲˵, һһجΡ
ػϣ׷ʵôʬ壿
ȻǴկİ˰ɣ֪կ𣿽կǡ
ӻδ˵꣬ǰѾת˶ŷ
˵ȥ㻹ȥ˿ɱûǰ㡣
ֹ
ϣŵ£Χ˶ȥˣûһ˶ϣĿ⡣
һʧҡͷԶˡ

һɻɫӰĽֵ
Խǿţ·ϵ˾Խϡ١е״༯ڲ¥ǲԼͬڱڣı齻ͷӶ
ƮһֵĽζ
Źζ
ڳ֮Ļʹ
ʬɽѪС
Źζ
ؿＤײһڶ޹ġغѣĤʹһ룬ؿڡ
š
˵Щġ
ǰͣôܣôᣬôܹͱһʬأ
ĺԺţƽﲽʱ䡣
˵һգ۾͵ˡ
ڵĲ׳Էֵػعͷһĵʣµáסӵļ޺ۼں
ʬ塭ʬؼ
׳ˡ
ҵͽŲ־ͷԼԼ˹ԥ׳˿յ֡
վ·룬۾գҲգؿŴϼ߳Ĵ
ִĶ鱳ԸʵĶţһ½ɫƺƵعĴ
Ѫۣ̳ĽʿӵͷӰ
мˣһ˿羰
еһƥɫսϣǰƤϻȾѪ
ɱ֮Ѫ嵶ϣڻɫ̳Ⱦӣں͸ŷͬһĳź侲
ϼļϣʤĽ͡
ϣؿһӢµĵǡ
վԭأĿⶨƶǸңͳֺȻˡ
һͬʱǰĺɫٿس
ϥײ֮ǰʹһѽ뻳С
ϣôˣ͸˵
ľϲ˫γĺбŷǰһ̻Ͼ᲻ȥɱ֮ĳ¶ֻһ񣬾ʧˡ
˵ˡڵϣʶסȻû£˵ʬǡ
ҵ֮𽥻ָƽ״̬
һֱûע⵽Ľζ͵سرǻ
Ҫȥһְֻ˻
Ͱĺףɵ𿴡
µغƽȵĽŲǰȥûڰ͹ƽʯͷϣĽŲԼصĳΪһ塣
ȵdʶȤط˽ŲѹĳҲ˽Ų
һƥˣʿҲ䡣
ɻɫӰȫװɫϣʯͷϿһ֧ġ
ϰٽʿĬĬ˿ڴһ
ϵҲһԲ
Ƭǰһܹ˰أڣȴָûˡ
ϣѪ̵ζ
һ㶼¡
͵ζϣκζġ
ϣôڼţܵˣ
ָָ۽ǲ顣
Ϊ㡭ʵ
ʲô͵Ҫǧģүգѵɽ˾ܰߣ
ʣûˣ
ſǻʪۿ
ͳĬԣԶǶ뻳еĳ嶯
˵ѽûУٴʵ
˵ű׼Ĺٻտ޹Ŵдһ˿ԼδĽ
Ͳˡ
Բ͡
̶һʱ䣬Ѵһ֪µ¶ŮͤͤŮӡ
˫ʪ͸һתһԵĴˮ
ʲô֣ɵǰҡҡ
룬ʲôʱ˫۾
һϡ
˵˵˵
ˡ°͹˹۵գ˵ϣ𣿡
ˣåŬƿһûðɫ°ͣ˵õģ㲻ռұˡ
룺ӻ￿ôãҲˣҲˣ˭ռ˭ˣ
ֲǮü
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô⻰һ
УҲռˡܾܲСһ޹Ŀ⣬õ㣬˰ɣ
ص˵ͷ
˻ػ£ǲϣӲ㣬㻹Ҫӡ
н˳ܼ
ǰͷܶУغȻعҪ
ʲô¡һ첲ȦڻǿȢ˸õϱҪĽ˷˲ߣѾ·;ˡ
͵ĻͣĶ
ЩƲߣа𣿡
سԾؿ
Լû뵽ͶҽдµĶȻĶá
ͺȻͷ
ĶͷײĶͷϣ֮ͯ䳣Ц֮ײ㺡
Ŭƣɶǲʹ࣬Ҳһǰƣ˷ܵرQš
ʤһ붼ΪĽ˷˲ߡ˵
ͨ죬ΪĵΪ͸ˡ
һأʡ
һ룬˵ΪҪгһգܽ˽ܣ๫
ؿ
ɽ˺ȺͷսĿ׷׺˱á
ţҰ󣬽ζڽֳƿ죬תͷӣܲ˵ģ־˳
־µߴӸͶʿǼϲѪȾΧ۵İգµųӿѸɢ
æĽֵһѻȸֻв￪ˮڵֲ࣬࣬иš
̧ͷͦأ̹ȻηӭŸɫĿ⡣
ģһֱģɰڲеķ
½
ɻͷ
һֱܽ˵


124 
ʹʤˣ
ʫӽһ, е廨벻СĴָ⣬˲ϲ鿴ָ⣬ǰվ
Ҫױ, Լҡͷͷ
һʱسǶȻ, ӦҲ쵽ˡ㿴һΣ᲻̫ؾһЩȥ֧÷˿ʯҡ
մ߻Ĵԥԥվſڣɫӵؿ¶ϲɫʫӽ
С㡭
ôˣʫӽüӾͿ쵽ˣ㻹ĥʲô
С㣬ӿûô
Ϊʲô
سǵʱ, Ӻӹһ԰ͻ˼Ҳġ
ܣʫӽɫѿ, Ȼ, ôôҪʱһˣ
ġ, ȫǶ֪, ߵˣΪ, ٳء
˵ˣ
µؿɫɰתʫӽ
ʫӽ齩ӲؿͭϵӰ
ȥ
С㡭㻹Ҫֻҡ𣿡
ȥʫӽתͷŭȡ
ŵæ˳ӣΪϷš
ֻʣԼʫӽ̱, ؿʳָðѪ顣
ƶʱ֣ƺȻ벻, ԼΪĿʱҲҪһͬ
ӲǱ
Ϊƫƫͬ
ΪӣƫƫǱ˵๫
ʫӽޱ, ĴָðѪ˿, ݺһѹ, ŸѪð˿ڣԵĿС
š
˽Ա飬Եˡ
ڲǻûᵽ鱦ȨƵջˡ
׾ͻ֪䱦ģء
ʫӽóȥָѪ飬ѻָƽ
õĶûʧ֡
Ҳͬˡ

ʹܵܽլֱʧڵƽϣŽŲشӴ߳
ͣһİţһ£תͷڷȥ
͵ȽʿӰҲҹĻ
Ʈɢڽֵϵζɢˣҹָճ
ҹ紵լϵĵڰҡڣڵƻͨ鷿һĨڵ
̣оǻ췦
ĻŹֵո߳Сķڷ
̾ϢһϷ꣬ûһ㳤ͬǲǹϷ򣿡
ʵд˼ıԶ
ʲôıԶµһӣһú޻֮
ʵȻܺЩд˵ĹӸȡ
ˣϷмＸϷԼҺø뿪ôһڣҶֲ壬֪˭ˡ
鸴ӣٴ̾Ϣһջظаɡ
˲ˣĻʡ
ûж֣Ȥ

ĻŵͷȡϵĲӣһŻСС״
пŴҹɫ˼һϷݣƺ˸֡ˣϷԭΪֻǸ泯Ұû뵽ϷĽկôһ֣Ϸʤ
Ҳ⡣Ļ˵ģƺδ뵽ط
ǲΪ֮ôĵذѽկڷ˵ʬһ˶֪˴ˡɫκ󣬸̾ϷǸѼϼܣòס֮ڰ
ʹˣ˼˵õĺãȻһѺõĻŵ΢ûйˣûбĳ·˴ν˷ˣڴ޶ʱ𹥵⣬óҲмּǡ˵ΧУֵʼɱǰߣɽˣһ붼ɥֵ֮֡мǣ£ֺݵĳǶ׼˵ĵˣһŷɥĺõ
֮УϷȷôһѷĵջͶĿ⣬ݺܾûгӢˣκò׳ȥ˽կôһͷ󻼣ܲһ˴Ÿͣ˵
տĺԺڣһͷľ׮
ͷ˵ҪպӴһӾǷŸƨƨ֪ûģ
ضһСһԣƷǰ񡣼ʵȱǮ;Ҫż⣬ǰӺط
Ҳ˵Ҳʡ
һҪľ׮Ҳңľ׮ҪҪҪ
ҲΪ˳˽կй⣬Ҫ֮أ
ΪʲôֱңҪµذѱԺңԼٰⳡ᣿³ˣ
꣡
һľ׮գ롣
˵Ĳ޵Ҳʼˡ
Ժк𣿡
УôˣֱͣӶͷ䵽۽ϵĺ顣
ҪСºҲԼȻ˵Ƶġ
ͣ
лСؼڴھ飬СߵߵʱעϵĶûж࣬û٣ĶˣпܳĳѻŮӵķлϣ˲ʶһΣһҪӵС
أΪȥģһָĶͷû˵ľȫ
غĴҵȴһָ
ίί֮Ĳޣ֪һֲк
šüͷһû˵ĻϣӲºǺõģ˸ӣ
룬ȷʵûʲô˸ºΪʲôҪլӸͣ
ͣ
ԥ֪᲻Ҫڴǰ󣿡
ȻҲܳʲô󣿡
ػӵı׼ͨЩͬȻ˿̵ıôôţ
Ȼƨ˵ĺǽػþ֪Ҫ뵱غ𣬳˳غһ⣬ʲôҪԼıͶǱصҴ壬ҪõǵϿɣһֻǱˮнοɭϣɻĶ࣬Ҫһ֪ðȻ磬»Ц
Ҫô죿üͷ塣
룬ҪǷĵĻ¾ͽɡ
Ӳ㻹˭ͺԥȥģҵġ
ôĴͦظҲҵģĽҰɣ
͵ؿڣţ㡣
ôˣظҪͷסļ򣬰򣬡ƨȥŽôູôһ㶼ӣ
ȥõĲ񲻾ͺ𣬱˲˵ʡһͷǮСֹ
͵۾ӵǮҲӣءͷҪҪ
תܡ
ȥĶأӻ˵
͵ͷҲصȥýӣ
ԸȥȣҲ¸ҽС
ûͲݳĽӣӣѺǰա
ֻΪΪ
һΪ̣ƨúܣ̵üֱԹƿ
ذŰѽӸϵĳ嶯εزӡ
ɫĳϣСɫľ׳Ϊһ塣ԺᲱĬȴɵķ硣
ɫη޾ķа衣
غȻѹĥ顣Դ޷ȴͷβû̹׹Լʵݡ
Ҫ¶ĳ嶯ͲԺĵӣֻͬĴ֣ꡣ
ųͣԭأΨһģǴط߾ȫز
һδζԮһҲڹؼʱ̣һ֮
𽥸ֳ˴ƻ
¶ģ۸ŬһҪϴͷ浽š


125 
ڶ첻, ؾʹ˹ȥŵشЬ´
Ͱ۾һ죬ſһۡ
ȥéӣ, ˻ɵ˯ѡ
Ҫȥһ, 㰲˯ɣҽͬ·
³˯ŵ
ظŲ׽֡
ǰһ·µġ˵
ʹӺӦһ, ۾Ƭ, ŵȫˡ
Ŵ, ߳ҡ
СĹϷ, ڳϴ֮, ϺɰƿĺԺĴš
ɫĳûĺԺǰС·ʯǽ޶Ұ, ŵеӲݣ̧ͷӣ
ùʳ𣿡¶Цݡ
һϡ࣬أı˹
û, һȥϳԺóԵġص, 𣿡
ӷİɣҪҴҶˣС
Էġ
¿ͷѣȴ˸ͷĬĬ, յ˳˳ġ
߳, ֵȥ
̫δ, ȴѾ׵ĽֵһĳżһѾ˵ţƹģæµͣΪһӪҵ׼
·ϲˣֻغڻûѵĽֵϡ
ͻСһȥץ˿һıһ־쳯ǰȥؿһ˶òֺһ·Цݸ
е
ǰͷ˻
ӣô
ôˣֱۣ⴦ڶСƶ
ͷԼôȷ˵ǰհȥ鷻ͻʱϹһ¡ʱƵİɣ
˵Ȼ·ׯʱҸһɡ
вСæҡͷѾҹǮˣ·ҲԼСĹƵģҲҪΪƷˡ
һ¶˵ʲô̬ȼȰҲûиı⡣
ҪƶźãعеһСȥͻԽԽˡ
Ҳ߻ﴹͷСûӼҵʱҰҪɱ㣬ϻؼһҪһϴɨҵŮҲŮ졣Ǽҵ·ǻǮ˷첹ġ
ɫȻ
ôСĶţҲỨǮҲġҵܵѣһСҲóȥ˲á
룬˵»ºõ
ӭɻߣض˶٣˵
㴩ϲõ·
ɫۿɼ˷ܵغ޲ԸҲ𣿡
ȻġЦ
￪ĵת˸Ȧһݵؿأӣã˳ĵҲֲүô谮أ
˵װӣ
˿ƭͷЦҲû˵ȫص˶֪Ӻүмأ
Ȼ칲һĽ죬Ƥ
ٺ˵ҾͲ㲹ˣ
ҴˣӸҲɣˡﻻϿı飬صҡ
˵͸㲹
˵ˣ˵ˣ
⻹ࡣ
ٺһЦÿĽء
𣿡
ðĳ΢Цһ
С
ĽпӺĸһܺðɣ
ûлش𣬶첽ǰȥ
ߣѾˣ
ﺢԣǰ⣬ת˲ͱشǰȥ
߿Щ֪һҺܺóԵնȥ˾ûˣ
Ц׷ĽŲ
˯֮УȴѾֿĻˡ
غһĵǰնٽһը̳ըͶֻθزʼһӲ̡
ηݱصĴ壬ҲҪҪ
Ҳɹ߹ĵطѾҪľŰ񣬰ȥļ࣬ļĹ߶࣬ļҴϺˮ
Щϸ΢ĩڵĵطܴƶϳڿζغʳѡϵƫá
ͳҩ̶ĸ߼趹װͬĺɰص֪ÿ²ɹʳĵĽ嵥
ҰʣԼϺҰμҲ򣬷أͼȴⲻ
˴ŵķ󣬽ҪľǾĲʽ
ĹѾ飬ɢȥ̫߸Ͽգص˫ҲʹǿҵĿ顣
˲Ǽı߽õľ¥Ѱ˸ߵ¡
һ£ʹʹӽŵ״ȫǿŲʣԼϴֽĵСЦ˳ԷƼɫĲ˰ɡ
СѿڱǼҲϸʣֱӵͷͰ˵ϰɡ
գ͹ԵȡСŽת뿪ߺȳ˲
С뿪̲סϻ˸ơ
ƶʹĽŵ˵޼£Ҳܴӱй¶˳ﵣǵؿӣû𣿡
û¡سοЦЦ
һС½ϲˡͰĳݸ԰ɡ
һɻ󣺡ôԣ
ôԡؿ϶
ɵظسʳ˽Ŭ̡д󲿷Ĺ͡
ԱؽǰСˣСɨϵĲ̣ٵһٶʮġĺˡ
سԾߣСЦ๫ǽ˽կЩ·ˣҵҲ¶ˡлġ
 λıְС飬æ˵๫ȻݰٻӦݰյİΣԼ¡Щġ
ЦŴͳһһصƳ
͹Եȣȥҿ
ˣµǸġ
С͵ɲסŲȵؿ
һЩ顣ص
Ҫʲô
ľ¥Ȼܺðɣ
ȻСԺ״ǴӾѹģһĴСԷ
Цˡ
֪ηϲõĲʽ
߳¥ʱѾˡ
үз¥صз˶òʱȴӲзÿÿͣзţ⡣
үԷ˰μ˶ԴС
ү䲻ɿڣζƫأүΪƫϱõ·
ηŲζԺμ¶Ҫǵ¥˵⣬η˻ԶԶģҪýηԸظҲԸ͡
Ϸŷأһ˶ʳ嵭ʳȣ̵Ķ²硣
үͷڿζûʲôƫãţ⡣
ҪĻ֮һʳҵʳϰߺƫѾˣʣµһҲҪһ˭εᡣ
ǲ뵽¥ġ
һûûһʽ
Σӡ
з磬лڵĵλⳡ᲻ܰþƾ
ǿŬĿꡣ
ȸºӡֲĺɻ
׾ڹȥʮﲻѧϰļܣܸó
ֻʣһ¡
վϣ˿
ʣʲô£
Ա֣


126 
¶ʮ, Ǻ
Բ̫ߵӵ棬ΧûΣպ󣬱ĵԾա
һ᲻ȥע, ڲ֪ˡ
һĿεظլԺǰ½۵ϽһǽܵլԺ⡣
μҵſͣº, ηͨڵĴ⿴ȥ׼³ĺүү, Ǻͼͼҵˡ
Ͼ, ܺ, ͼǵĴ, һҪͼͷ˴ùϵ
үϲСˣ˳
ηﳯżͼķ˸, 
Ÿ, Ͷͬո³ļͼ˾ϲЦ
үͷˣ̫ˣ
үͷ˶ǻΣվһ𣬴Ӿ˵һ¿ڷשǽ
ү¶΢Цͦḁ̊́µĶӺͺү໥ҾҾ, һغ
ͷ˺ͺη֮, η˹żͷ˵, һһ
Ϊ˿飬ηһԼոմСϢ
˵ٻǰǽһسˣ˵֪ʶˣֶʶһһϵĲʳʲôڴ, Ǿ¶, , Ҳ㲵֪ӡ
ͷЦеӦ, η˳ȴҪԼ롣
ͷ˻ЦеӦţȴ˲²͸ӦûС
ηҧгݣ˶֣ҪǼ⣬ú򽻵
ͬһʱ̣ͷҲЦûô仧ãͬԷȰѺμǷͼҵӻ˰ɣ
ŻŮһеؽ̸󣬸߻๫ԣϴŶǰǶζԻͬĲм
ѾԼʱ䣬ԽԽĳͣеıԺſڡ
ͼү΢ЦΧʶǴкԵ˵
˵ʲôˣ
˵һЩѾ֪ķϻͷҲ¶΢ЦͬＷͱȻͬĻ
Ҫ˵ӣ治μ硣ү̾˿ôʱ·ϲ˵һİٻҲͬԷˣЩũ￲߳ԷֻҪһ뵽ͬ÷Ҿ͵θڡ
ͷļүֱۣοүһõ㣬ѾԸĳ׼˴ͣǻؼٺúóԡ
ֻˡү̾Ϣڽɼһٻв¶ߡô˵֪ݵģǲٻӣǲ֪ӡ
үİɡ
ϷЦݵ߽˱Ժš
һӭ˳ͷ־ϲô
үҲϳˣȵС㲻Ӧھ¥𣿡
¥СϤЦվǰֻĲǲV֣ǹһո³£Ҳû־Եֽ
С¶еЦݣλͣСĲСܼ˺Ͷҽ󣬰ҽһдλ͡ʲôдܵĵطǶ
¥Ȼ𣿡ͷԾ
үüͷʶǸ¥ϰ壬ǳһëΰˣȻ˴Ĳҵˣ
Ƕһɽɫͼϲòˡ´ȥֺųԷܿװѺõĻˡͬ죬Ƕԭҵĺÿˡ
Ƕԭҵ˫ӵʯͼһŮҲ˫Ӻãүɡ
СЦСĲƭ㣬˵Ƕͽ˰˫ӵĻȡأ
ҵȤˡүЦҳʱȻҪȥǾ¥ֺſǸʲôĻ˫ӵʯͼ
ʱСһдվλܼڰɡСڣָ£ָǰ
ǧҰźͷһͷ˵ԼүʲôãǳزáҪһ춼ȥ
õ㣬Ҳ˵ˣؼô͡ү
˴µǰԺ԰С˺Ůֱ벻ͬĻ
ͷ仨רдŮͣ˵ﻹƮɢĵĻ㡣
һţһɫĽӰ֮ӱ
ŮᣬԲһ˿һǳɫĿֲʧšεĹ󸾣ον򵥣ŨƵĸֻһֻ
Ϊμ࣬źһ㽿Ӿ͸Ŀ
ֻһۣͷ˾ȷ˶Է˭
ٻʤպɷͬһ¼ݵķȦгͷҲյüˣȻٻΪλͷʱѡͬһ
ڿϣһˣÿ˵ǽ¡
ٻԸ⣬˶Ը⡣
˿ȥֻʮӣĵճŮ˶١˵ģر𣬵ǹͬĴüͷ˰ݼڣμˣҲһĨøС
ͬڴŮ˵ЦһѾɹǴһš
Ů֮ͨǰͷ˼ͷ˵Ĵڡ
ͷˡ
Ц˹Լͷ˸ƽ
׼̬ׯǼͼؽƸģѳĽҲ
ͷоȣʶػһ
ô֪Ǽͷˣ
ͷ˸ͺˣǷеͷһݣϳ򵥣
زŲæ˵ͼҵүͷ˶Ǵˣʱ϶ЦݣӲӲһ㣬ͲµǼͷˡ
ͷ˰ٵ⻰öԷһ˵ȥһأĴء
صȻ˳Ļ˵
ͷ˵һͬصķңլͲÿôˡ
صĽˣÿ³ôţļլʲô
شóǰֵܽǵĽؾ
ԷĴȻǴˣҪõߵÿһϸס
ȼͷ˼⣬Ц˵˵үͷȥʩһֱܾǣлһˡҪûǶ˵ƾ٣زֵİء
ͷûвת˻⣬ǫذ˰֣ȴ¶ĵЦݡϿ˵۹ⶾηֱﲻһһ۾ܿ
صЦ۾һֱĵףѽ˲ϲ
ǴԶӳǶ·϶˲ʱɣعĵ
⻰ʣͷ˿ܵ⻰ɳزõʣͲò˳Ծˡ
׼̶ֳȣͷ˵һ˱ĸо
ͷ˵Ƕһᣬгкȣ˯⣬Ҳûʲô
һҪƵĻ裬ԣݵĹЧЦ
ͷʲôöûԹȹƻߣ˵ϣЦЦ˵ǿá
Խͷ쵽һһŮǰӡ
ЩǺŴ󻧲֪Ĵ֮񣬼޸ƽǴĶѧģ
ʱԷ̸ǿǸߣΪʫ黭ñǿ׿˵ĽɫǰԷ˴м߶ȴһ̬һŵԶԼ˵ͣ
ټϸսʱ˵ģһԶʤ˫ӵĻ赽ŵϰĵɽ˵߳⽻Ҳ㵽
вòˣǳСС
˵ٻ޸ĸؤ
˵еŵڵ˼ˣ̼֮ңŮ޸Ҳԥáô룬ɫŮӶü޸Ŷԡ
ͼҪиŮͼȫˣ֮ĶŮһź¡
ٻеܣ޸ĸǸֻͼؤ˵ûпȡʸ񣬸ѧûϹǰһֱֺУûиı
Ѳɣ˽


127 
Ѿתǧ, ͷϵЦȴֺ
صָºͬŮͣϲط˺üλõķˡ
๧άһ±˴˵Ĵ, ˵Ļ
ûôһܽ
ͷͬС
ոջһ˵ƻ裬ȻȲϰǰ̲, ͨͨĺɻȻܹ㣬û뵽ġ
ŵζ𣿡һʡ
ŵ, رšһ˵, Բż̵Ѭ, ̺Ҳûζ
ҸոʹŮ, Եϡһɢϯʱҵһݷӡ
ҲҪ
ͷΨ, æҲһݡ
ͨ, װͷҲȤǼԣҲᣬ̽Ѱ˵
ǰûע⣬, Ҳŵǹķҷ
ͷ˴ǰûŹ, Ӱ, ȲĲ콥ɢ
ᣬҲûô
һ󣬼˼ͷڵһ˹Ϊ֪ޣδܵ˻ڶ฾˵ĻӭЦº, ͬķ˶Ѻͷ, ͷ辶, ๫, ȫλһͿ䣬ֱ糺죬Цúϲ£졣
˵ϯʽʼ
һһƷϼѵĲȱԲʳ﴾ӵζ̼˼ͷ˵ζ٣Ծһ¡
ѲǵãһƷζЩҳʽڶ֮ǰˡ
Ž飬һ͸ļɳŽ廨ķڿбɳкֻ֬ʣ¹һĿڸڿɢ
ûʲôϡģڳԹɽ亣ζ֮󣬵עڿζʳĵļҳʽһζ
ͷ̲סּ˼Ĳʽÿ˶ʳļ򵥵ζɫص㡣
סʼѵĿڸ̧֮ѾϯĻÿһİŶ⡣
ƽսõһζһÿһĲʽҲıͣЩ΢ĵ
ῴƼ򵥣ȴ͸ž׼ĺۼ
˰£ֱƶѵԴһʵס
ͷʣͣܵ
ϯԺ󣬶ɫӰʱʱڻ֮С
Сѳɻ飬ĸλ˶вֶ֪ˣ컹˭𣬱ĺηǰҲЦ˻
ͷʮη˵顣
˵ʵŵһ⣬ʵҲϲ˵ɡ
ϲ˫εε۳Цʱ򣬽ң޷С޵񣬺ѽ˲ϧ
ͷ˱ĳˣȴΪ˼ԼŮڿΪξơ
ͷ˳ͣȻʶȤ׷׷¾ƱԲơ
һ磬
ŵֵϷӺͻ跽ӣ๫Ի˳ϡ
үȵͨ죬ͦĶƤײײʣһƨɵڳռ˴Ŀռ䡣
ͷЩүһƨɼ
סԼ壬æ˷ֵүôôƣ
ȣٺȡҾͲźȲ㣡үǲ壬һҪ³ȣһԱߵٻƭƭ˵ȾơҪǲȾƣϾ͡û˻Ⱦˣ
ͼҵҡҡλε뿪ˡ
кͷ߳˱Ժţ͵ǰ߸ɫ糣͡
΢ЦصĿȸռʱࡣ
лǵĿˡԺлᣬҼҳݱسӵա˶Ц
ǲ˵˵ЦӦˡ
˺ѵʱкҲڽ̸
ٻȢ˸ôӣѵõĸѽ
ߵأɫ
ž޲ϣͿʲô
һˣʱҪǫһ¡
ƫ
ٺһЦ̹ȻȢӣȷʵҵĸ
ȻȢˣͲҪζ
ҲǵȻ
е˵ͷկһòͷδ
Ҳá˵

гĬƬ̺󣬷˼뻰ĳԡ
߰ɡ˵
ǣүӦתͷЦЦǱˡ
λߡ
ذ˰Ĵ˴̧͡˫֣Ҳ֪˹˹֡
ŹϺʻ˱Ժ
ջߣ˼ǰʲô
ѳĹŮ˵
˸пֲǰȡ
ǳʱʫӽʲô
ڿɣôˣһ֣ڼ࿴ô
࿴㣬šü
ΪʲôʫӽôˣɫʫӽؼҺ͹ֵֹģʲôң
㲻ΪʲôҵķԸͺáк
ֻ׷ʣ֪ˣү
飬ôˣ
ˣЩʻѡʫӽϲҿţҲûرˡ˶˶٣ԥүҪŰʫӽ޳ȥʫӽոռǣһҲ˵ʲô
ɫ죺ʲôɼ޲ȥϹľ͸ˣ
ʫӽвòĻţô޲ȥأ˾
ϣ˭˵׼Ժ¡
ү̫ˡʫӽ˵ݵſˣǾǵĹˣҲ
ǵĹˣ
ٿؿˣէȻ
λǵĹˣ
Ųƣµ»ʸոյǻ󹬻أٲáٲãҿǸةĹҲһ˲š
ס죡
ɫѿش˵Ļ
Խʬδķˣ
Сʲôһδöûݹס
ȥͱ˵ȥ
Ų鲻Ըر졣
⻰ҪᡣǸ㻹Ǳ£ǼܸʵǵС˼¶Զܣ
Ϊʲôѻ˵֪ȫûϣʱۿӿ˳үʫӽΨһŮѧòƷãô䲻ϾеĹˣ
ңҪǲ뿴ʫӽһ籵ǰ¾ҲҪˣ
⻰˵ؼˣҲ׷ʣԭء
Ҳ
˭Ů⵵£׵鶼õȥ
װ׵ĴȻûʧȥףϽɽռ˱ˣʧȥҲòȥ
һ¶Ⱳӳƹŷûбĳ·
Ѿˣƫƫʫӽ첻£һؤĹ¶
Ϊҹζ࣬뾡Ļ¶²С
ʫӽĻ²ˣҪЩ˼Ŀǵ󲻾ݣݸĹҲСֻҪףйˣŵڲ̫ߡ
үۡ
ҪΪŮãҵģŭ
ꤳϵطȴֻʣݳϰΪɫؼǰС


Ĵͣ½ŲĳҲͣ
Ͳ£
ڳϲ˵ۣʵϣ˫ŸһأȲسݣҲ˲ϻһͷԵڴϡ
崥ʱֻ뷢һ̾
յⱼŰһҪߵ·ˡֻһӣڴϾѿһ켸ҹ˵
ڴϲʱϤĽŲ
תͷһͶϴ˽
ΪҪϴţôˣҵӡ
Ȼߵ˴ߡ
ϴ£ԼҲ
Ь˵


128 
ѡ
ذѽȥ
Ҫʲ
û˵ȱһ, ͵õܾĻشְֱЬ
ͣ
ûдΪһѵµĶ˿û͡
Ǻ, Ӵƴţ͵Ĵȴһ, ε, á
⼸߳ģĿתؿϵĺ׺ĥƤ˿ڡ
ǣ˵
Ӳʲôô̧, ֱֱض, ӲӾ͸һ飬ǲ⼸߳ģ
ûƨˣ
ֻίͰ͵ǡ
̾˿, ʲôҲû˵ֱѵһֻЬͽϵ¡
ֻȴߵĽѾɫϣ, ׵ס
һָĦֺƤ, Ϊճʱ䱼ߣһʺĺߡ
ϡ
֮شǰѩ÷һĺ, ơ
˵, 㻹˵£ôƴʲô
ֲǱˡѿڶ󣬿ͺȻ仯ӣŲȵ, Ҳƴ۵ĺ, ȻҲͬĺá
ý͡͵ͷ˹, Ƥ, Ҷ
أʲôˣ
Ŀţ˫ϡ䱦СطŽðˮ
ؿЩģû뵽ˮã̵ˮذסƣ˫ţҲס˫ŵֻɫ֡
һڣ޴ӵؽڴϣýָͷҲ֪ԼӴ˿һʺΡ
ĸҪ֪ʲôһӵص±ĳ
ȻһɷˣԼ/˫
ˮűȥæ˵Լϴ
𶯣Ͱס˫㣬ֲûŤŤʲô
ϵĸ
ؾرۡ
Ͳȥһ׳ʿľأͷˮ׵ֻѾϡ
˵ķɫ֮𣬽ĵطѩѹ֦ͷ룬һи紵ݶѩĴ
ء˵
ţ͵ӽյ촽﷢èСС
ҲṼġ˵
زۡ
͵˫ΪһŮصĲλȴ˿֮⡣΢üģ֣صɫǱֱͶһ˿ЦһȫµĹ鳣ع֮¾Һ
ðʱ䣬ڶž
ֱӨˮ裬һȦȦ
ʹˮȡ֣Ȼ
ող˽ţرͷһ˳°£ڱϣת˲һԲԲˮۡ
߬ס۵ıڸʵ
ǲҲĽţΣոջúõģôֿˣ
˭ôõģÿǻ
û𣿡
̫ˣ
̫ô
ԽҺãҾͻᡭ
ˣ֮ĻûۣӨƤ¶϶ӿ
ͻԽ·ֱһ졣
ôһ˲䣬ԶҲعͷ
صͷأһͨͨɽҰ͡dȵƽϲֵȥ
ԶéӣԳˮԴϴֲڵĲ£ͼļּ̾ͭۻۡ
ֻҪǰԶȥ
ǣĿʸ
ǴĹԽ֮°ϣʮٻôܹڴʱͰյİΣ֮ˣôĵػصԴ϶䣬۾һƽϲֵҰ
縵ңǺ⣬סԭЩ塣
ȥ
ΪǴĹһۡʳֽ֮ԼӦһԡ

㲻ҪٶҺˡ˵ҪٶҸˡ
͵ͷһˮؽĽű
ܱٶ𣿡
ܣغίֲģ
Ҳܡ˵Ը⡣
ԽݣԽͣĽһаŵ꣬ƴײһײͷѪײʹ顣
ֻһУĻ
ٶҺˣ
ӿҲ޷ӿˮ״ΪΪתΪԼ߷ܣԱֻܺƵطйڽµˮ
Ҳôã
ˮϣҲ㣬ɫ
Ϊʲô䣿
Ϊûôã
޷ϵĿ⣬ȵˮԴԴϣٴָ죬һνһεˮ
˺αƽˮƬƬѡ

Ҳûôá侲Ǹ޸ĸĹ¶ұ˽ʮҰ֣ҳԹȷ͵ӵҲ١䲻㡣
ؼڷķ񶨣̧ͷҡţġ
.
ֻһ˵Ŀ
ն
أг֣һʵۣÿ˶һɵӡ˹֡ѪͳҰֺʹٹһͬʡ
Ϊ֦Ҷȴδҡʶ֣ڣΪұΪҳԿ࣬䲻㡣
ģҲͲסĿЮصܳҲôãΪƭ㡪
˵ƭ㣬ҾԽ
ٿһƺ
һлʱû塣
ĺһѵӣ˵ÿһ֣Ҫڵĥһܳڡ
ÿһ֣Ѫܵʹ
Ŭʹ԰ף
ҾǸݼѾδԽ
˫Բ˸·۹ľڲ۶ҡ
ǳμʱССĿ޶Եؿֱӵˮӡ
ˮϴ£˫Բ۱ˮҪ͸ξ˳Ⱦ
طס
ع۲У̵ı֣ÿһΣûʧ
˼ǰ˻¡
ƭ̫򵥡
κ˶ƭ
Ѵ֮ӵݣߡ
ƭһʼûʲôٳס
ԻĿܺͶ˵ĵӣûϵȱģġ
һʼʹģغס
һʼû뿪
ʲôϵ˵
˿ȴԼ
Ĺǰ˭йԼڶӵŮˡ
䣬øڵĴָǽڣȥ˹۽ǵ顣
ֻǼٳס
ȥץʣǼٳס
㡭ѵһʼǡ
Σô죿
һ¿ˮ̵ģ
˵öԣػû취
ǼٳףϾֻһ֪Ǽٳסֻһ֪ʵʵ
أĵ׿ڶ˵ǾԸ⡣
͵ͷĽűָ졣
ˮһȵˮʱʱ֡
ġ붼롣
ôҲû뵽ܣ׼¶õȴ赭дĽ
ƺͶԣǳԽûʲô
УȻֻأֻǸЦϡ
㶵ؿ૵
ǴĹʳ֮»Ҿ֮¡ҲʱҵĹҡ
ֻ뾡Σص͢µһףʡ
̣ûоµһӣµһ
شµһҪҪ⡣
Ȼǡ˵
ûŮ֮⣿
ĸ֮ý֮ԡ˵Щ
˭Ů֮⣿ĿƵؿ
ԥƬ̣˵˭ûС
ƨ͹ϵ
ؼˣôأ
µһÿӺÿ
ҭ
ǧûסͿʼѼС
ؾ㡣
µһĲɻĲɣ
סԼģ㡣
µһãӶã
ֱ۾ԥ㡣
أ㻹ϰӣֺ
㡢ƨδɾǺ
ƨͷƨ˭ƨ˲Ųƨһ̹ϣϺ֮߳ɫ
˵ֻúʪ۾
ôңˡ˵
زǣҲǣѣһỨ
֪޿޿ޣܲ㡣
ᰴʪۿϣƤ顣
˵ŲͷĻɫȴ˿ûвͷ
ֻǰʵԼ
ׯҲԣ߹ҲԣҲԡ
嶯ҲԣɵҲԡ
ҹΪлԣ׻һҲԡ
ʲôԡ
Զȴĵغԡ
ΣӺһ𿸡ͻһӵŮˣӾһǴˡ
µһģҲ
۾һһٵ
Ϊ㣬ܡ


129 
˯˳ȵһ
ͨճͻὥ, ͷ˯̫աǶֻѼֲиظ¸ҽУػ˯ϼʱ
ˣ
տôһ֧ͨ޴, ڱ۶ܸо͵ʹҲųǱѼгġ
˵һ֮ڳԣٲֻܳˣƨ˵
һ֮ڳ
ԳŻһ£û˵Զˣ
ػû, ϵıȶˡ
ųһƿ, ؼһòͦ
㻹ұӣ
ǱһƤ, ŭȴԾ͡
һƨϽ, ԶҪ»ء
ûı, תȥ
һȥ, Ǳ۾ƵģһƫͷͶ˹ȥ
, һûҾͲֱӽˡ
ң
Կ
һƼٵв, ͷҲصؿңֹ˷š
أϵĸء
ػ˰ʱ䴩ѣ˰ʱͭǰԼ׵۾̾
һʱȥ׼ѼС
أƤ𣿣
ˣæӦһ
ߺߵ߳䣬׼ϴˮͷվԺ
㣡ʰ֮;ؿһۡ
֪ˣضıӰÿ, ƨˡ
, Żײ, ֱһһؿͻûȫ꣬УȻһת
ߡӲ
ûץ˿һɵ뿪ˡ
˿һ￾Ѽһϴʰһа׺ɻĺԺ
ͼҴҵһֱҪʲôأ
żڿһˡƺϴѻؼˣdȵספ⣬ֻסĺԺ
ƴԼȴӰҪȥѼˣһֶһڵ߽
ظǰ;Ϳڵæȥλá
ҽΪ˳ŵؿ
ⲻͨ
ǰãǰҿ涼ͨ
ǳ档ֱߵ£һ˫ӵݸ
سԾ
˭ǣ˵Ҹ㲹ĳ档
زɫ
Խ꣬´¡Ҽǵһһա
ȷһա
Դʮ֮ûã͹ʳɱӣһ֮ڣʹʧףҲû»
һ˰ǵá
գҲգؿͣƲȥ͡
ȥͽûϵһϡ˵ϽԣҴȥֳԷȥӿϷ
ظжѣû˯ɢ
ãصͷ
ظհ̽룬Ȼʲô̧ͷʣʲôʱ򣿡
ֻסףһҲΪף
ţʶ͵Ĺ¶ݡ
ô֪Լ
ԡ
ΣҪǸʹĻ˵ףѵʱֻҪо㣬һվ
ֻ˲ŻƤسԼΪ
ΪԼķϣûоץصÿ춼
.
ҲһꡣһͷҲںûԻǶ룬Ҳ֪Լÿ춼ҵȫ˭ҵʡ
ĿϣͷȻһת˵
ʵ϶ˣӿɲá
ʵ϶ʵ϶ĽСزСĹٸץȥж˿顣
жӻжü
ú磬ͷһ糤棬ŵᴵ˴СŽ
ôͿ
ϸۻ⣬嵭Ĵ֥ڿڻ㣬˲份˳˯һҹζ١
ذһȫкڴؽ˵һڡ
ͨڷʼˮ֣оҲ֭ÿһڶ̵á
óԣ̧˫ۣϲؿ
ԴȥפԺҲûгԹˡ
ܹٴγԵϤգгҸ
óԾͳꡣ
Цݣã
곯ʳذŰѲ;սͶϴս
Ա㣬̤ĺԺš
ȥʲôطڴʡ
ȥׯѡ˵ôܲѣ
˭ϲѣҲϲ
µѣЩ˼һЩ硪
סͳƳһۣ㲻ӵǮǲǿң
أ
𣬿
Ϊж֮ĸ¸½ԼӸǮ
ҪǮʱȻҲӡ
˵˲ׯʹһӣӭĲׯƹĺöó
ļƣѵģ±ѡġ
ƹϳͣӴһⲻٻͷɵ꣬԰СϰѺöó
Զ뾩ܣеģǰʹ˵Ļ
ƹ񼸺г¶һ飬Ȼͷ޿κε
ⰡЩѾС˵ˡ
ˣһǿϰɡصﶼЩʲôʺĺŵᱡϣ
˿С϶УɣȾŵ˼ƥɫѵľСó㿴
ƹԻƷԸ˼䣬ûһᣬʹӵ̱Ŀⷿﱧ˼ƥﺣɫľ
ò׵ãɫͬһȾĲȻɫȻγɵ·вСĲһòòֹɫ
ͬʱӵɫͱ·Ĳƥǰĺһࡣ
ׯƹһۿĶȴĺòҪǴһξͲ֪ʲôʱˡϲƥһʮȥɡ
Լǿ͵ϣׯƹļ۸˵󲻹˵ҲˣĺڽϺ;һߵļ۸񣬵ͷ˵жԸ۸ƥ
ԥļ۸ѾڵȻʶң͸֪Ҫܡ
ƹɫһףæҡͷңҡСôڰٻǰۣ
С˵
ֹҪء
û⣬С͸λ˰ãǻҪ棬СĿһ͵ϣ֪ˡ
Ǿ͵ϡ͵
Լˡ߳ׯزƥ̫ˣɫҲϡ
ʲôࣿҿŮһҲȥһ컻ͲΪȻ
Ůˣ
һ˭һ컻۲쵽ˣ
ɻһ
ӡˡ
תׯſڶһһɫȹʫӽ³


130 
, Ҳׯµģ¶΢Ц
ʫӽǰͣ½Ų΢΢һЦ
罫׼һЩȥׯ, û뵽ǣνԵ֡
վ󣬲ǹ£ǲׯͳѡ, Ų

ʫӽһ, 鲻Ըر졣
Ů񣬻ĪҪ֡ʫӽ΢΢˸
ظҪ, Ѿ˵ˣŮ񣬵Ȼ˵⡣Ҫ, ҲǼֵϡȻܹŲŲ, ôʱڵ/Ůϣ
ʫӽϵ΢Цҡҡ׹
˵ǡ, ⲻǣ
һؿ˫ȣˣ˵, ⲻˡ
ԭûȥЦЦû˵
⼸, ַµĴһСŮһֱûлᵱӵлҸԼݰվܽկϮţӴ˴еز˽կȰҸףҲܱߵݰա
ʫӽӯӯһЦͷ¶һΰĺ󾱣ͻϥ˸
д컯, ֲҸ׿ηǽʱ, ȡ, ͻɽͶļƲߣҲ˳Ƶ
ȷʵⷨӺáתͷأǴ˭ģ
⡭һѧ֮ʿرؾ
ѧ֮ʿǱѧ֮𣿡һѪ
˵ʲôʲô
ֻڴͥѧ֮ҪҪ⡣
ʫӽüȥЦڳȥ
ӲΪ壬ǰʫӽҲһ۶ԼˡɫȻֻº󣬿Ҳֻһˡ
Ŷ˵
ʫӽסĴҲסţ÷ŭͲ˼͡
δã̧ͷ˿͵գ˵
ɫҲˣȥϴϴ˯ɡҺӻҪȥӿϷһˡ
ʫӽûӦѾǣصִ뿪ˡ
˵ıӰʧڽͷʫӽһվԭء
С㡭Ѿˡԥſڡ
ո˵ȥӿϷ
ѽ˶٣ʫӽɫֲһ䣬ΪŮӣȴȥֵطͷ¶棬ǲ㣡
һ㶼𣿡ʫӽɫԸȥֵط
¶ܶʲô񣿡м
㻹ǵ𣿡ʫӽ˵Сʱ򣬺ͱ͵ܳȥϷ󣬵ЩҴ
ǵáοүΪСá
ʫӽû˵þÿſһ˵Ľͷת
Ľֵϣǣص֣ӵȺС
ŬܿԵԥǾôˣ𣿡
ʲôõģ
㶥ͷ˾谮Ů㲻棬᲻ᡭֹ
ӻ߷磿ͲΪаѱҪ£ҲҴ硪ҿǳɹٻˡ
üͷһǷ
ǷܴľǺ
ԥΣ˺ڵʡ
ƺŮ֮⣬ƺûвҲˣǺ⡣
òǻļƣʤһͷ
мһˣҲȻȻ¡
ڽĿϣ˭֪жܱã
ǧŮӣ˭һʼΪԼǶԷжӣ
ǻģ˸ǻġ
ûмжӣҲжӡ
ˣҲΪ˵͡ȥһһĺ·ԼϣһʼͲҪκϣҵϲŮӣּɡ
ôġ
ΪʲôֻҪһ뵽δһŮȡλãõӵеһС˯ԣԵµĳ棬ãʱõ͵ĹΪʲôʹʣɬֱۿ
ϣ
һع
ʲôأ͵ͷ
زЦ
Цѹٵĳ嶯װµӵ룬ոӦڲׯ࿴ģҪˣֵҲҪ׼ĵᱡѡ
Ҫôʲôü㲻ùǣȸפҪ׼ѣûվƳؤװˡ
أʡ
ҲҲҪǴ͵ҪʹʮֵҾ͵ʹʮֵУЩʵ͵Ʀåûʲô/ǵķһġ
Ͻһ佫
ʲô佫ȫš˵һʫ磬ǵøҳ¼ԺҪʫġ㻹ǵ𣿲ǵ١
ǵãǵáŵҡͷ
ɫ⣺Ǿͺá
·߽һţΪֵӡ
ˣ󵶵ģϷģݿϷġʽ˻Ծе
ƮɢŲ֪Ļ㣬߰ͯһһͺ֮Ļľ֦ؽֽ
㣬̵㣬ճ㣬֯һ𣬹еζֵ䣬һǵССӲ˰Сĵɫǿ顣
һ֧з쵴ڰ
Ȼסָָ֣죬޼һ
˶࣬Сɢˡ
ú󣬸춯һУĻش
š
˽ϷԺʮͭ볡ѺֵһˮСġ
̨ݡݺݺò˵Ĵݺݺûʿ֮ңƶĹͬ˽£Ͽɽȴԡ²ʤֻøɽݺݺʼ
ָľ飬Щ壬ڲ
ΪƱ䣿
ĸһͽǰҲΪɽ޹
ʸ־ĸ
УΪʲôݺݺĸŮӣû
һԹ೤ġýεʱסʱ⣬ȡǰˡص
ݺݺ̫ˣΪΡ
תͷͬ˵䡣
̱Ѳ֪˯˶á

صῨۿ
˵Ϸͣһͻ˯ȥҲ͡
ʮֻɣǷϷʼһյʱû죬ΪƤӴһ
ɢͣʵ˯ֱ壬Ĵε߻Ŭ̬
гϢˣʡ
ѾˡԹ
Ŷˡȥ±㡣˵ʶɫԣϸ˿ۿһҲܿ棿
˭ˣһ˯ڸ֪ʲô
ʲô
һ޹Ů˱ʼˣ
˭ĶǮ𣿡˵
㲻ܿ𣿡۾
ҪʰǸĺҸĨͷ˫ְϣţĶأ
ոջϷ̨֣һ˽
ţһӲᣬһߴӺŵĲ˹
ǸĹֱǸˣո̨ϵʱҲͳ̨ǸյĹˡţһΣֱӼһ
ӣĹһƬˡ
ϧݺݺûӡﻰˡﻰʲôˣ
ţŵĹٻﻹһ񻰣´ɲŪ˵ʲô
˲飬ؿˡݺݺһƤԹͬеţҵ֪ˡ
˾ۣߵؿ
ͣ
ͿǰͺأĻȥȵһ£Ƿ޸Ǻη֮


131 
һֵĴ, Ůǰ޿ʲôɫѿ
ţûڣͨһΪţȻʵȴг֮ġ
ţٺһЦ˼ʧ, ʧˡ۾Ⱞë, ֵܱ֡Ŷ, ٻ, һֵܣʰɣ
ǰôУھôС˵
ֵܹȻǸˬ, ЩơҲҹˣҾһˣֲ˼ġ۱࣬Ҵţɡ
㻹ӵŮ˽ţ磿, ɫţҲУ
һƺ, ֵҲ߯Сˡţ̾˿
ţ磬ǻǸԺס𣿡
Ա߿ĳ, һеʳ˶ʱ⡣
ǰţͷ, סط̫, Բ
ǽôģʡ
һһĿǰǽһЩ̶ӵҲܷһЩǮȻ࣬ȴҲˡţ, ҺѾȥ, öϽʡһ, ҲܹȥȻ, һ治Ҫզôֵܡ
̲סʣȻˣΪʲôأ
硭˵ףѰţ̾ϢЩֵܣǱץ׳ץģҪܻȥΪɶӲȥмҿɻصͻȥˣʣİٶֵܣеԭ޼ҿɹ飬еǻȥˣȴַּһʣˣûȥĵطֻݡ
´ңʳ޹ľЩա
ǲûܹŴȴҪͻеһΪĺ
Ԯ֣ȴҲ벻ʲôܹİٶӡ
ţֵܣޱȵĶأǰȥ֮ǰҰһ֣ߺһֱڿ춨Ҫһѩǰܡ
פ͵䡣
ǿɲһţһڷҲǳصģû֮ǰĸӮţ
Ͳ䲻ȵЦһá
㡪Ȳֲܣॸáţ
ȣ򵥰һ״ҵפôȾôȡ
Ҽݾţһ㶣İٶֵأ
ǰٻֲǧİٸֵܡ˵ֻܴǶʮˡ
СţҡͷİٶֵܣǹĽ飬սϽţ˽½Ҵţ硪ôңôֲܣ
Ҳǣţ˵֮ǰҲкüҪ֧飬ǲԸҪˡҾ͸ܾˣֵǱ֤ǳԿʲ˻ǳǶҪһûսϵ˵ĵûǷֿǷˣҷɢɣ
İٶֵܣʲôҪû
ʲô˼
˵ǲܳԿɣáֺ졪ôУû뷨
زɿͣ˽⣬޵ķʸ
ȻдһʣȻǶձţҾͷ
ڴؿţ
ʲô뷨ֻҪеģҲУǾˡţЦҲûҪ÷ơ
ͳĬ˼
ϷԺĿѾȫɢȥˣԭֵ̨ҲյġһVֵСֽʰŸϵĹ̲ˮһ˫ٵСѾͷɨѣٵӻĵ档
ϷɢˣҲûȥ÷ˡţվЦǺǵ˵ֵܣϱ۾Ͳȥ÷ˣǵط˶࣬ϱһ˻ؼңһ̫ʡлĻ´Ⱦơ
͵ͷţȭǵ߳ϷԺ
˫ٵСѾͷɨ˹
λˣҪſһϷ𣿡
Ϳء
Ϸ˼ǺͿϷ̫û˼ˡʹţһ𿴡
صˡ
ϷԺĴţȵظ
ȥʲôط䣿
˯ˣȴˡ
һ죬ȥˡ
УǾڼԡ͵ʲô
ˮ
ͳһ²ҲΪ֮һ١
㲻ǲⶫ𣿡
ҰݶˣѵԲˮ𣿡˵
ô˵
Ψһһγˮʱһģ
ˡȻ㲻ǻʲô
ԹؿԽԽ
ȥ͸һ衪ҪȸңΪʲôȻˮ
ϷԺӣϦڵͿա
سĬ˺һᡣ
ԡ
ʲôɫ⡣
ԡǰһ

һγˮûôѡ
ɵһγˮζѲٳԾdˮִš
ˮһǰƫĶ֪ж٣
׷Ī
ǰô԰ףôƶ񤡣һ㷢ĹǸöã
Ȼôʱ;ӣΪ
ʳһٺʰϵĲо֣ѱȸտʼʱࡣ
øͽ⡶ͨķΪǲȵͷ˸ϴҹɫصݣëӵߡ
һûһļĺ󣬿ˡ
졣
ҹյĽ䣬ĵâССĴɰյĸɵε
غɫļӴˣһɵöһɵ⡣
ɵˣһֻڱµ֣͵ɼëӡ
ëӵļëɨֱϣһʶסԶԼļëӡ
ʲôۡ
ˡֱ׳
ƨ
¾ͿѿڶĴ³֮Ӵ˿ܾѼ
㲻Ҷô㣿
ͷ˸ò濴˯𣿡
ô˯ţ
˯š
أôˣ
˯ţ˯𣿡
ôԵĴ𰸣õ
ġĵ
Ǿͺ˵˵
ػգ۾С˵ʲô
ΪʲôʹеԽȫһ
ﲻһĬƬ̺ԱǶ˯񣬴Ҳȫԩҡ
㻹ͦǳһ˯ǵڣôǲס
ʲô£̧ãȻ۾ȥ
ƺ¡
Ҽǵðһ֡
ͱ˱飬˵ǾϲǾţǵã
ôǵã˵㲻Ҹëݵؾ˯ˣ۵Ҳûԡ¡

;֪ܶƤĴĴϱκڴ
ʮӸôʡ
á
ֻǺã˲ü
ܺãõòٺá˵
ֻô˵
Ϊӿһ̶ȣֱֻӵı
͡˵л㡣
һʱ⣬̫
ûϴ£÷⣬ѧʳ
ԭ廨١һʱóô¡
ͣҲܹһ˻ȥܡҲսҺʹ˵ĴĴ
ΪŮĴòޣĴĴ
Ǩŭĸĸ㣻ǿĴˡ
ͷлҪôлңͷʡ
֪ƨϰԣԾҴӶ㡣
ȱǮ𣿡û
ظ̣񣬷ǳ
ô
ûϷ𣿡˵ӲϹҲУҼװһ¾ʹˡ
ֻһش
ƨ
ҲǳѼһ졣


132 
կȫû, 롣
֪𽥽һЩҪ齻ΰӱˡ
ʱ򣬱ͷ˵ĽѲ
͵Ļ˵ҪĹǡܱࡱ, һЩССĵж
³ʱ, һ֧ɾ仨ˮľΪ, ûаܱ, Ŵ·٣ɧи
פһٶʮ˳, ҲҪպ󷵻ء
ÿ⣬ؾĵߡ
ǰ˵佫ļѰǿ, ڲ֪ȷ, ޷ǿƵǡͻ䣬ı, ߻ܵܰ, ٲ֪, Σʱ޷µġ
ĸĸ㣬ЩбıƦ֮֡ÿγ⣬ج, ϣԼd, , ҲҪԱ֮, ֱֻ׳Ҫʹһ
.
ǡ
ֻһ޸֮Ůӡ
жൣģжһ̾ͷɵߣҲڰȫĺ󷽣ΪֻͲŲк֮ǡ
ҹɫ¹Ӵк룬ĺԺȻ⡣
ڴշתʱ󣬸ɴ˴
óδ鿴
Ϊ͵ԵʣڶԱȤԽ࣬Խпկʱ򷢻á
Ҳţ˵ȸɪ˼ˡ
ݵȻƿϵ͵֮һ
ͷҲ̧㻹û˯
ӵ˻û˯
͵̧ͷ
糾͵߽ݣ˵һû۵ȴһ˿ƣæӭ
ǰô˴ţŲԾľϲȸԾùϦʳ𣿡
·ϳԹˣأ
ùˣӦûгԵģҪٳһ𣿡
ˣʡʱ仹ܶ˯һʱ
һҪ𣿡
ȥפîܿͻһ˵һϵۣºôҲҪϢա
ŷ
͸Ҫӿӣƽ̹¼ܡ
Ѿ˯ˣȥˮɡ
áһѰס˫磬һƣȥˮ졣
صͷͷ
ʲô
˫ּŻͷ
Ҫ˯ˡʹŵóѵĻЦ߳ݡ
ôһвһĨǲȫɢ
ϤǸƨˣﵽ⣬ȫһĻˡ
һʹһʪ߻أֳţ졣ɫη͸ᱡ£¹֡
ϣ⼸Ҳڣ㶼ЩʲôһɣＷȥ
طļëӣ˵飬㣬й䡭
㻹㣿Ӳ𣿡
ȥļְһ飬æããֻû£Լҵ
һû˵˵Ǯܲ绨ԼǮðġ
Խףһ֫ȫˣǲẦʧȥġ
룬˵ҲãҲڼҵʱһġ
һˣءؾ
˼ǡӲڣ㻹ѹͦ󣿡˵Ҫǡ
㣡Ҫϵ
ʶࡣ˵
ﾲãգգ۾оӿ
Ϊ̸ѾȻû뵽׼ۣٴοˡ
ϡ
ţ
ϲ𣿡
ͻȻѹ
ôˣ
볤õ𣿡Ϳ۾
ʵ棬ҲҲԣȥҲԡ
Ĵ㲻Թ𣿡
ʲôԹģҲ˺мңֻҪĸʼһﲻǼң
ϣͳĬκ˵㻹ͦ˵ġ
رò˼ЦЦ
ΪʲôͻȻʣҪ뿪𣿡
Ͱ˫£ɵؿϷĺ뵽ֹݣݡʮڶʹĵҶȥлĻһҪȥĵطǱ
ȥˣһ껹׷ɱ㣡
Ҫȥ˱˭ɱ˭һءͲΪ
ΪʲôҪȥðЩգ
ŵӲ˵ô֪֪ˣսʤ
û˵Ļ
¾ĻתǴĳӣĵ˰
ͳ˳ǣѾȺ۸ݣΪ¡ȵʱ֪֪ˣǾˡ
˵ء˵ʲˣǸʱЩڶʹҲΥǣѱмԸԪ۵ĺ
ˣŴ֦Ҷʵϸ緢
лĻ㻹Ԫ𣿡
͵˳ɡ
ǰδɡ
ʲôõģͲһ˵ʲôڣҲûȥˡǾûм𣿡
˵ģո˵Ļ
رܿߣǻмҡǴһʼˡ
һʼֻһˡ˵ٺĸ˭Ҷ
һԵĸжӿصͷ
û˵ЩѴ֪һָԽݣӦҪԽΡ
㻹Ըͻᱻ͵Ը⣬ͻᱻ͵ڹȡͬˡ
עǷֿһȥٲԸ⣬Ҳ
ûб˯ɡһۡ
صĶЩȡ
תͣһ󣬴Ӻ﷢
š
ڶգսȻѣû͵Ӱ
۾߳ݣüһֳԺ￳
Ҳ̫˯ˣٲҾҪˡͷ¸ͷһֱֵ˲ϵĺˮ
ˮ˳Ĳ£׳ţʹεηµĿɳ㡪
תͷյ˵ôǰղŴӼ˺ü𣡡
ֱ׳û˵
ҹˮѵûԺĲ𣿡
͹ҡͷû
ҹûʱ÷ȴʱѵ񾹱ȳԷҪ
òתԺߡ
㼱ʲô㿴̫ôã࿴ߣ
͵ͷҲص
ͿʧıӰ˸ͷ㬵ͲԺӿ
ӡ
߸˵ǰԺܾӣֱ۵ǰأһشݡ
ףأԺɻؿſһˣֻйһѸͷڵϵԺӡ
֡ͷһӵ߹ˡ
ϴسܿĵһóʳ֪յģ˸߲ҵشӦ
øմӵժϸĴͻϳǰפ
һפţͿЩƽɹ߳Ե˷ܾһÿﶼһʵĳơ
ٻˣ˽е
磡磡d˻˫֡
ΧʲôʹԶû¸ɣˣ
ȵ߳ȺƳһۡ
磬ˡ
ĸ
ͻһڣոߵſڵʫӽͽסЦݡӦѸ٣ܿ΢Ц
ӣҡ


133 
ʲôͳ, Թ־أ
ٻ¹
մؽŵĲĹæ
ʫӽٷϷ
ûûС
Ȼû, ˭ĵ, ˽빫涪ʲô, й¶ʲô鱨, 㵣𣿣ŭ
¹֪Ĺٻæ
ԭֵĹǰѻȸ
ʫӽٺõݼ, ʱҲסЦˡ
ɫ԰׵վſڡ
ŭС֪ŮѲɻݲ𣿣
֪Ů, ܲǰɣ
㡪
Цû͵, ҹܲ, ҵְǱùĻܡԹ־
¹ڡ
Υ˹Ľ, ϳ, £ξˣҪǻ´ΡɫӾġ
ǡ
Ĺͷ󺹣βֳ
ΧŸʲôǺȾƣɨ±ʿ, һɢߡ
, ﲻĵطͳ
ʫӽ̨, ͣĵط, 
ٻѵ, ʫӽ˼ǲ, û뵽ôĵط, һע⡣Ҳҳ, ԭһء
ŵ̬ϥһ
һ˿ϧˣٶһɫмѵĹüŭĿ
Ͳһˣһͷ
˵ɣʲôģ
ڿ쵽ˣҸפ˳ƣлǳñһհ
ʫӽͳһʵĳƣ˶٣˳
ٻġ
ûӣվſеĳƬ̣˵ûӱĺá
㡪ŭ
ģգȻûٻӾտʫӽЦŴϴĻ
͸׼˳ơǣһ컻һͷܵҾͲˡ
ҲáʫӽǿЦܵ׼˳ƣʫӽˡ
Ҳûá˵һ£ˡԸ߰ɡ
ʫӽվԭأʹ߽˹𡪡һδͣ٣һζδͷ
˾İŮ
òмѧʶһˣٴɫΨֱ֮
ֻˡ
С㡭ԱʿõģΪĵĳơ

ʫӽɫת߳
߳פһأһȵһϳĴϡ
޹Ҳ磬ͨһ
һӵǰͷʫӽ
սսóӣ˶٣ԥĿͶѾµʫӽ
Ÿʲôʫӽɫ䡣
ҧҧļʫӽֱһյĳơ
鳤ƣʵ˿ɢһء
Ҳסʫӽ˵
ͣ¶̧ͷȥʫӽûпգɫ󣬷·
Ҳ𣿡˵
С㣬òһģ˵ݡæĲ֪ô
·԰ͣ˵ȷмֲܡʫӽ˵
һ޸ĸؤǱȳ˶ôСˡ
֪һ۵˭𣿡ʫӽ˵ǵةӣµһӸ㡣
˵ˡ
פı䶼ľβȴķڷԸǲΪ²ȴ֮ǰΰٻ¡е˫ȫ壬δ檣Ҳδ¥֮ء
ʫӽ૵
ӡΪƫƫҲмһˣ𣿡
С㣬˵
ʫӽս֣˳ָǶġ
ɿ֣ĵĺۣ
Ҳġ

Ҳյˣüǰֵܡ
dٺЦţ̯ƣ¶ʵĳƣÿȥˡ
͸ƨ֣
ҲԼҪȥdίذѳƻ
һһÿĸ㡣˵
ģ
ġն
d룬ѳƽ
һȵԾóƽ
ҵġҵĸÿأdڴ
á
ƭˣdе
ʲôʱƭˣͳһٲߣ㡪
d۽ˡ
绹ʲô𣿡ȵʡ
ǰ˳ƣôЦûʹȥǣԴ˵˭껹װۣ˭ϾͲԷ
ȵתſڡ
Ͱ۵ĳƴ뿪פ
صңһԺž
أϣ
ûһᣬصӰͳԺ
û㣬ʲôعգίͰ͵
˭˵ûңʹ߽Բһƨ
ʲôظݡ
أ
ͻδ䣬̽ͷүң
ȥҼӺͲɫ˿ߣھҪ˵
ã˵ͷˡ
ҪЩʲôغ
ƣɱģƣһǽ׳ĴϣϾǶˣ˶гƣûСҲûУһҪƣʲô
ֽҵ˿˻
үҪЩҪ𣿡ʡ
һ˲˱ͱ°͸̧߰𣬳ص˵㣺Ҫ
أ
ӻƣɣ۵ԺҪпգܲܽ̽ң
ҡҲòáظЦ
Уͱǿˡ˫ؿòӣ
ر׷ŰֻúӦˡ
óԸһֵֻӣطɳ˻
ô˵ôԹ
Ҫô죿ͺ޻ڸ֮⣬Ҫ˵·ҲģڳҲұģ¶ȥӻôˣ
ֲЦ㡭ֹŮѽֶˡ
һ̻û廨ˣһ;ͦš
ǡҲ˭
أ
ˣôôƱأ
żӣóѾõĳƿʼ⡣һᣬԲϾʵ˿ߡ
ƣ϶Щš
𣿡Ȼء
ʲôˣȫ̵غãȻ
Ҹոôģ㶼𣿡
ˡ
ôô࣬㽲һ²衣
ػǰۻҵḶ́ôŵغҽ˽˫֡
͡ôȥ
Ӧģһ̾Ϣ
͵ͷıĸ˵ĳơ
ڶգȵյĳƣdҲ⡣
ĳƣĻɫ֪˶٣ȵϣǿǵղŲʫӽӣȵհ档
˺ͷֲעĿ
òײ˵dѳҲ۵£һ𣬾ʮ㣬
յĺúܶɣֱģ


134 
ƣ
ŭɶһ̴ľ輸, ѻȸ
һδŮӣܵפֵطͷ¶棿ϸͳƵҲˣ˻ظ˳Ƕҵ, зֺǧСӣ
ż, ԱߵСصֱߵĲյ
ү, 
ôŮ, ô
յӳ, ԼеŮüĿеģ׻ûӳȥ
յز輸, һŰ˿
ʫӽɵ, ϿͽͰųĬŮ
סʫӽڿ, 罫, ŮֻΪ, Ŵפĳ͡ЩƣһŮֱƣǶһˣԸݰյ͡ŮһƬ, ֪ںδ
ǰʫӽҲһƬġ
˵˵һŭ, ˸ճڵĻ
תͷ, ŭŹڵϵʫӽ˵Ǽǧ, ûһԼģ
Щ, ȷʵû
յ˳ȥ, ûٳɡ
ѵһ, ʢŲˮĲյƬƬ, ɫĲˮʫӽȹϿȾ
۰Ů˵յûңǰҲǴδй¡
˿ŭ
ΪһһúܺãѾʲô֪ˣ㻹ִԲ𣿣ɫ࣬ɸֵָʫӽСϣȥͳƣ𣡣֪֪ڳݵЦ
̲סүôأͲ顭
Ҫǻҳķȥ
˱죬һʡ
ӽֱ֮ǰٳˣпʫӽŭ
ףʫӽһס
֪ʮţѧʶԨĳΪ䡣һᾡĻ¶ģֵַڼҴްɣ
֪ӣʫӽҪ檣
ǰ겡ˣ޹ȥޡ
Ůȫ
Ǻ޹أնĻ޹ȥ֪˵ģֻҪܺԼµĵӵŮͺˣ
סʫӽпǻ
˵ˣѾҲøģҪʲôе˼ĳй¶ʱ򲻵㡪ҶҪΪЦ
зȥ
ĳ
˻ŶãȻߵʫӽǰĿĶŮ
ʫӽʫӽ˵ʲôʲô£ǲʲô
Ӧģһޡ

ʫӽͲظϳפһ£ͨͷβĴҲ֪ˡ
Ļ⵽ʫӽıȴ⡣
ڣ֮ƽ˾ʫӽû֣ҲûܵеǨŭ
գֱĳƣֵһۣٺľ¥Ŵӡ
һյƣֱģ룬÷ﶼģѳսױƣķƼ˽Ǯŵһ
ֵĶһָֻյƽ
֮ۿϦͽˡ
ִ߽СٶɫĳƺζŨصİݣΪ˺ͷĥ֣ҲƳֻϦڲŻеģרţ֯ŮĲɫġ
ȥ鷻ͻʱܷ֣ϾĴŮԱˡ
ҲûϦ
ÿһ꣬жʢϦ磬һãΪϾ׼ĸ衣ŷĴ˼üֵƵʳ׵Ǽݣ̷ĳֵ֯Ĺ˿ʮƥ
ÿһǼݶһÿһ꣬ض֪⻨Ѿ޶Ǽȥ
ֵܽһӻ޶ȿһѰ£ûЩݳޱʲôۡ
ȥϦƽޱȣҲϦκʹӰǰͿʼ߶߶Ϧǰһﵽ۷塣
ϦˣҲܣҹϦ
ƨ˸¸ҽУҪõظ
ΪϦǵڸƻ㣬εϦʲôùģ
Ӳܣ˫ֳϣǰĶҪϦ
ңס䣬üͷ塣
ҳȥϦвڴӦ컹Լ߳ȥӦֻܱųȥˡ
ȥȥ
Ϧȳʺѡֵ
ʶ뷴һ䣺Թ
͵ɫʶȤ⡣
ˣһƨƽʲô
dȵҹҪסҺǰ᷿ʰ
ǻʲôü
㲻ҪϦ𣿡
ǲȥ˵
سԾ

ؿʼڸոմӦǰûϸˡ
˹Ϧ
ҡԥڡ
Ҿ㡪˵ҪǲܹϦƨֽҲҪˡ
Ŵ졪
ôôץߣ
סֻò鲻ԸôϦ
ϴѾˣκͷʹͳһѺ˿ߣžһѾ׼ˣءҪûкͷҾͻܲģҺܲĻô֪ɣ
ҭ
֪֪һģͻǰƨƨ
ʱҲûʲôð
㡷͡ƷϺ衷һײʱµģ
ظ̣粻ء
º˿ߺһΣһƨ̱°ͳࡪʲôģٽ㡣
㽻ӣط˱ʡ
ֻ滨Ĺߣ˿ߣһͷˮؿš
ﲻ
ﶼ
ܲȱһҿֺõЦ
๫Ͱ°͡
Ǻ
ôСҪ󶼲Ը㡪ѵӣƨ˺ü
㡢ôô֪ܣ
ؾòһչһֺƨȱͳͳð
±˲֪Щ𣿿Ŭ·顣
޳ܣ
㵽׽вУü
УУȭͷĺͶס
Уй͵ͷӷſڣȥƨֽ·
๫ѿڶ
ˡ
ͷ棬ĽӴƤɿ̡
͹¶ŵɵЦطΡ
ӣڡ
ɶѼ
ɶƨˣ
ҧʺƤˣ˶ߵӶȫ̼ල˺ͷ
Ůһ鲻Уڱ֯Ҳ츳ԡ
ĸͷûһչüͷ
ĺͷȴ֮ϵϡ
Ȼı飬ǰ鲻Ըͷز˼ˣСһѡ
Ųһ˵Խֱĺޡ塣µһûС
ͻ䣬ݺݵسûаɣ
ûУæҵһαͷ
أأ͹ûУ
ҵʲôˣ
̵Ҿ֪۹ûô


135 
Ϧһ, ƨͻظĶѼƽۣٲһ˫ոµѥ˵ģѼ
ٺϦոƽ, ;Ȳذ˼š
ȥϦ, ػͷΪݼ¡صϦ, û뵽, ĦȺнյգڽֵߵƷȴԵ
ؽֽСɣӦĿĻҲֻһЩ洦ɼĶ
ԺϦвûǹڵ飬ϦǱصƲ, ֵģǱص˺
ԭĽֵУǺ«ֻܸ߾ŵݰӣѵȺнǺ«ĵݰ˺Ʈںϵһ컨
Ϊ˱ⱻȺɢ, ڻȺʱ, ȻȻǣס֡
¶̫Ϥ, ϤذҲ֪, ǲѡ
һ, ع۲ú̲סԵʣƷΪʲôͷƶ񤣿
ȥܱ𣿡ͼֲ֣˵, ﶬļģʳ, ָʼˡ๤ץ׳, µֻ, ھǴǮҲʲôö
Ҳ𣿡
ڲᣬ˵Ժ˵׼
Ļһ
ڹͱеĿĺͷô˵ȻѾʲô
˭ɾڶʹǡ£
ǰΧˣϷȺһ󻶺кûصʡ
һV֣ϴСˣ˳һ棬ǹƲϡ
͵Ҳ˹ȥû˵
ûʡ
𰸶ڵҪ
֪Ч˭Ӱľߡ
䴫ԪŻһղαȨһվΪҡȷûȷշתغѾս
ճİֻ֣ǱһЩǰȵˡ
ԸԪة༰سĸ£ƽѣȵλ
ɽ˺ļϹһᣬʣ𣿡
ڸϦʳʱţϦѾûˣһԲȡҫ۵λá
Ͳ˵ãһʣضĲͲֵض
ˡʵͷ
ǾȥԷȵƻῪˣϻ֡˵ڻкܶöûڳء
͵ĻԭϦʧȥڴȼȤ
ƻᣡôһأ
ûеƻϦϦ
ȳԱ㣬ƻҲ࿪ˣʱͿһ߹ƻᣬһʳ˳㻹򼸸нϢСؼҡ
˵ϦҪԵزԵȥֻϲ룬ͷ˵Ůͻͽأ
κúʵȴܲпᡣ
غпڱõ¥ȴſһץһŶӵʣ֪ΪյĹϵ¥˵żˣǴҲˡ
Ӵⲻٻ𣿡
ϰشæľ¥СЦе˳
ǲˣСձٻСĲܲͷǶλԵһᣬһˣǳ꣬С͸ǰš
ͲڰţͲ涼ʲô׹ڳԷ
׹ݵûУЩƽͷաСЦǶˣСҲܽǲ˸Ͻ뿪
;ͲǸ˵üͷһ壬Ҫ˵ȵ
Ҳʱ䣬һ͵һɡ
ҲС˵㲻ӷС
СģһЦСĸ̧һλԵȡ
һᣬСʹӿջ̧һøɸɾľʡ
ʱҲʲôˣŶӵʶûУֻվŵǰкš
ؼȲ˶ӣ˵Ǿ͹ˡ
ҵ±óԡԱһֻȣ˵Ȼٽϼþƣһëһˡ
Ϧ±㣿ز˼
Ҫ˵һʮ춼ó±㡣Ͱַŵ֧ϥϵСϣ죬±¾ƣʲôնʧ
ҪҲƨһһ±һȾƾܽзգǸöð
ҪҲһ㣿ֹ
֪ΪΣԱߵͺȻ˲ͬѰǿҷӦ
𡪡ӿԸ˻ȥȣ㲻ߺȣӲڵʱȣ
ôʲôһҾһ˵
һ˵ҲСնʺʱһˣȾƵʱԲûҿţ
ųԡǸأ
ϦڵƨȻƨˣ
͸Ҫ˵ŻŵشȺ˳
үˣ
ؾȵ
ӣܵǰҴ˸񣬡ү֪үˣ˵ȥӢ¥أ
ʲô֪үأû
ʣ˿˵ʲô£
ûСãȻҡҡͷҿǺܼӣʲô°ɡүǿЩȥĺá
͵ƨϲ֣ģûˡӺòײһ壬ȥȥîļǮûǮӲȥ
ӲˣȥɡȰٴһѹˣҲҪȥġץʱȥҲøһӡ󡣡
ҸӡʲôֲٷơȻţȴʵվ
һʶʱֻ죬ҲϷ
Ȼվ˫ȻͣԭزŸأĵ˵λ˵׼ͷֻŸƨһֻأ
ؾԲߣΪ뿪Ц˵֪ˣȥɡ
һͣתͷҪ̫ûҲɵȡؼҡ
ã֪ˡش
һͷԶˣԶˣȻֵܴ΢
ͷǮûӸɻһҪĹͷ
̲סЦ˳
϶ֵ˰ʱ䣬ڵȵ˴λáº󣬿ǵһûܸϻֻҵԼԵķ
ȻͲڣػǵ±㡣
ĲҲ±㡣
±÷ǿҲ͵÷ˡ
Ȼ˳Էٶȣ˴õʳͣʼûл
ۼѾͷ¥Ҳ׷˵ֻܽСһˡ
߳¥ؿͷԲ£֪ΪЩȻ
㷹ƻѿȴǰڴ
һ˵ĵƻᣬܹȱʲô
ԥƬ̺ѡܼĵƻȥ
˵Źţ;͸أ
ֵһε̯ǰһߴӷеŮӷ
ˣôҪϲұһߣҪǲϲ⻹Ŀʽٿѽ̯ӵϰк
δţ˫ĿζһɫӰʧķ
ˣ㿴⡪ˣѽ
·ͷҲص׷ȥ


136 
׻Ҫҵȶã
λضеľӢ¥һ¥, ޿̵վ
ǰĲյѾĻأ¥µȻû¥
Ϊ˷, ֶӿȥƻԵʣֻһšͨ¥¥ݿǰ, һһվһδ, ¶׹עÿһͼ߽¥·ˡ
⡭СҲ֪ϱߵ˼
ܴõСнվ, һʱ׼Ϊˮ
ÿ¥ϵ飬֧֧ᣬ
㲻֪, ¥𣿡ͷʡ
Сô߶ЩءСЦ, ٻٺһɣСͼ
͹, ô˼Ȳõģ
ߵ¥ǰ, 齹ؿŸҹеԲ¡
ȫɢȥˣҰȴֱԵԲ±¶ڿһǵĲɢһɲϢ
С¶ؽ, ƺȥ
¥ϵġ֪𣿡ͺȻ
١ٻʲô˼СɫӲȻǰ½󣬡¥ϵĵȻ, ٻʵڶˡ
ˣĿƵؿ
ȻСע±Ǽ顣
, Ҿٵһʱ䡪
Ц
Ϊӻô˵𣿡
һߵǰСԽԥ¥ݿȥ
Сʹ, ͷҲء
¥ݿڵ׳, ϵ, ԷȻÿˡ
¥ھôͨسǰ
ޱ, ̧¥ݡ
¥ȿһˣ᷿ŽգΨĩβһŵƣĵ͸
ߵǰһ߿˷š
ŷνڣ͵һΣǰʫӽͦһϱ׼Ůĥ֡
ʫӽʲô˼ͺԾһˮڵҲűһı
ʫӽŲæӯӯһ
СŮӼٻ
ҽеʲôֲ鴫ȥܻˣЦһҲˡ
һʲôֻҪٻͷٶʮҲֿɵá
Ͳͷл˵ƨͷţӳЩеûġ
ٻȢңҸ׵ļҲȻһֻġ
ӣ
ȢޣȻҲޡһŮܴʲôʫӽԽԽѿɫ˵ܴƸλǼ磬ǾⷹͰмǣߣŬҸ״ƴУǰٻ֮һٻкɾܾ
ɴˡͺӲģʲôɫӵŮˡ
ʫӽϿװ̼䵴Ȼ޴档
ٻ⻰ǲ̫ˡ͡
ڿ˼˵ǲ̫ˣͷʣӺŮ˶ɣʲôҲҺղ㣿
㡪
ʫӽЩ⴦£Ҳ棬ߵˣ˭
˵ˣػûһ䣡
ͲĶֱϵѪɫ˲ʾ
Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ҷˡɧӺӵŮˣҾµ鴫ݡ
ͻһ˵꣬һ̶תȥ
ͣʫӽۿͨ죬ẰҵҪҼ޸һʮңС㵱޶𣿣
㲻Ը˵ңƨ¡
ͷҲص¥ݡ
ʫӽ̱ϣָĵȭͷشԼĴȣ·ʯĳ֮Աǵ͡
С㣡ڸڵĴæ˽
ԥƬ̣Ǿȥϵʫӽɸһͱʫӽץ·˹ȥ
µرۣԤеİȴٳû䵽ϡ
ۣʫӽͷδ£˫߬½󣬴ӽҧбһ͵ķŭ
Ҷɫס
С㣬ҪҪ˰ɡū澾֪ҲͦõģֻһƷ٣ѵƷ֪Ҫ𣿡
ȻãʫӽŭС
ؿɫ־塣
ʫӽ֪˿̵ıһ˺¡
Ʋס
ŭͲ纣Ĵʯײƽαװ¡
ģģ޲ȥĲġ
ԭֻһѰ̽ףոһյİȴڻؼ·췭ظ
جΡ
ѪĽ˫ֲڵĴץ
ˤڵϣϥˣȹˣ˺ѷεؿ޺û
һÿҹͻֵجΡÿһܣÿһζûӳ
جܻǸ˳ֺ
һ㽵ھǰйϿһ˻һӵˡ
йȴһζûн䵽Ϲ
ûжİοûаעӣ·һһ³ͷ
ó
첽߳ɽߵذѵɽȫ˳ȥ
ˡ
ѣƯͷ棬ҫĿĵλ̰һ
ʫӽҲƴ֣ʵϸ˲̰
ǸŮ˵õȫģ֪£޴Ȼܵõĺǻǫãܹôˣ޸һ䱦谮չˡ
ǸŮ˲Ѵ֮ҸҸһ̣ڵŢʫӽ
ҺҺǣƾʲôƾʲôôңʫӽݺŴֱۣؽеΪʲôôҾʲôΪʲôȥɽƫƫңΪʲôΪʲô
С㣬С㡭ᣬһ۵ģһŵġ
㣡ʫӽһ˦֣ȫİ˦˴ա
ֱӱһƴ˳ȥ
Ҫ㶪ܣһ䵽𣿣
˿ұ粵ԼҪûܣֻϰٱ
ҪԼĻ񻹱֮
һ˿ߺ޴Ӵʫӽ֣ͷÿΡ
ƾʲôƾʲôҾҪ޸һʮƾʲôҸռ޹ȥҪƾʲôƾʲôңҺãƾʲôֵǰжӣأ
ʫӽŭѡ
ЩǴ˳ȥᶪҵ档˵¥ؽ£ѱ¥ڲ˳ȥ˵ġ
֪ˣȴûгѡ
ֻίʣĻߺ޵ؿš
޿޿ޣ֪ޣûõĶʫӽŭ
ŷԼվ
͡˫ȭеĺһ⵶ҵòģҲõ


ָ͵һʹ̲סг
Ųָŵĺɰ¶һСС⡣
ԲסԲס
һ޲ڵϣʽֹƷŮҲ˺ɰϲ룬ŵɫһס
ӣҡȥҩ
ˣֻǱһ°ˡæס
ĶԲסŮһεЩɰģʹˣۻ軨Ȼ˰ȡӣʵǶԲס㡣ҪǲĻɰ͸ɣǡ
ƾܣŮӻǰѺɰӲĻ
ΪƽϢ֮ģֻ˺ɰΪ˲Կ˳˵̯ϵһѼƷ
ͱضϲ
վ뿪й̯λһߴӰǰ
ؿǰ֮Եĵˣɫһס
㡪
˶ӣܷһ˵Ļ˵
֯ƷŮ͵͵ˡ
էȻ͸ߵĽ꣬صĴԱź͵ռ˫Ų֪͸ĽŲ
߹ֵһѾŵſͣ˽Ų
ת޴أÿӹȥ
ְ壬ԽӪ٣빫𷣣


137 
, ˹Ȼûñⲻֵֻһǧ˵մϼʺˣ
ֵ߳¥
ë洫ġзԵʾõԪ۲, תͶԶڱӢڶʹڰ
Ůأòᡣ
缦ʺƵġ
֪ʲôʱճ˽ŵ, ô˦Ҳ˦
˿ˡģһǧӣԼմ缦ʺ
һһ߿Զʺ֮ء
˼, һƥ˳, ߹ţ, ·Ͽտյ, һš
͹žȵĹڶѾۼֵĳ, ڳǶƧĵطϵߡ
ģʺ
ԽԽ, ҪǼǹűµ, ߻ز¥һȭʫӽļͷ
Բɻա
Ҫ׹һ㣬ƽʱҪ°ɫı氼͹ƽӿݵ񮴯, õŧΧһȦȾ, ɢѪˮ
ΪϦ˵, ʵ̫ϲ
֪ƻΣ
ͰеĲ, ٴμӿŲ
һһȵϦƻ˿, ҹش·լҵĵ˲¹ͷشߴ٣ߴܵظϻطֱľ¥
ƻѾʼʳǶ뿪˾¥ȾľƹҲžƺҡҡλε߳˴š
һƿЩײľƹ첽߽ãסæʰӵС
ʲôʱߵģʡ
˺һˡСȻٻû
и𣿡
񡭡УԣæͷˡСȻʲôһԴʱСģٻң͸㣬ʱ֮ǰڵƻй㡣
֪ˡ
͹˲˳תߡ
ʱûǰؼҵĻڵƻҵ
ʹǵƻ᷽ȥ

ҵ¹ڱʯϡ
Źǰ壬ʲôճһſȴûܷκڡ
ĳһֻߣص壬֫ԭչ꣬ٴνһš
صƣׯģһܡ
ⲻ㣬աƽֱԼĺﴫҲ𣿡
´Ź΢˽ã⣬汰ְƲվͷ̬º͹ӵ֪Ȼܸˡ
ܲȻһ˼ңص
ң
һŵüģرؾ
סĵط
֪һ룬º͹Ҳһ룬粻˳٣ʲôĶ֮ȡ
Ļʵû˵ء
ڸ߼ΣÿӰһĬվڸǸߵĵ£ҲմȾ˸ϣĻĳ̶ֳϣҲǸĻ
С
óͨù˳ӵ̬˵ӹɵĻ
˵ܾĻ˫Ųظ˳ȥ
ÿǰһľһ
ÿһëڿܣ
Ϊʲô
һŬΪܹص͢Ϊʲôһٵʱȴֻʣ¿־Ϳܣ
粻ƫƫʱƫƫҡʱ̡ͷҡڣȴѼϼܵ˾
ߵһŵĺԺǰÿڵĴţһӻͣԺ
򿪳ţתء
£ɡ
ػӲվԭأѪҺﶳᣬȴԽԽ졣
£忴ü
ܲܡعȫţܲװûмң
֮Źž޲״¶еĲ
ؿԼոʲô
£֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
֪ذ
º͹Ӷ˼㣬ΪβԸȥ
ΪβԸȥ
Ϊ¡
عį±ĳԴûĳ˻ĳٴʧȥҡ
Ҳ͡
ʲôȼº͹һɡֻıҲһ˵
֪
һº͸㣬Ҳû뿪Ŀܡ
ػػٵ£һΣɱԼꡣ
ȻһŵΨһĿľǵһ˵á
ᴩ»ѣ˯ͷݳ˷ѵʳҲ̸͸ò԰ĹżȻͣڴߵСһ¶£ճ
ۿҡͷˡ
ص͢ΪԼԽΪļңʮĵط
䣬ȻʮĵطԸҲòűѵʹϣļҡ޷ȫᣬһҲֺҸĵط
ڸʶŲ֮ǰҲϥͷ°ͽ޵Сӡ
ǵøʵĺ̴̵ɨյĸд
ĸһԺЦţеЦȰеϦҪů
᲻
ǸӦȴůĲкʬ壬ڱĺҹܵĹ
ճյճյصȡ
һϦʣȥҸ˿ڣʼĵá
鷳뱻κСػţСؽõ˿ڲװµӣȴǱ΢С񾭡
˿һֱʹȴ᲻⡣
˵ǲֹǻ⡣
ӵеȫӵеȫ
ض˶촽˵
Ҳȥ
¡üͷ
ҲԼΪԽΣطҲᾡһŬطڡֻǣҲٻȥҵļҡ
˵һ䣬߲ľʧһա
ǽϦƻ֣ȴš
εĳĬ̾˿
µˣһɾûлͷˡ
֣صصͷ
ˡ
ˡ˵ڴ˴µ£κˡ
һϲԸң
ҷ֮ǰ߰ɡ˵
תߣŲԽԽ졣
ͣ׿ڸˣ
ػǲŴһյĸ飬Ͳ빲ļˣԼ˵ݣͥ
롪
ײӺ󾱴ػδüܵʹ˾һ̱ȥ
ۣģҰĻ棬һޱ
ջز£ɵ֣Ŀ⿴𾪺ɻ󲻽˫ۡ
ԽԲסˡΪܹóԸﶼزȥ


138 
󾱵ʹ𽥻ָʶ
º, سʹȸܵľµıͼӲ
оʯн׳һڵϡ
Ҷ, סŵĺۡ
¹£һӰڲظĹ̡ޱ ǰһѾ
ǳȻǿ, 뵽ԼС
ǿѹź, ɿɨܻССķذӳҰ
ļЩĺ
ҧס촽Ӳס˼ڵĿ־塣
žĻҰ, ڵ, ذ, ûĹûľƣʲôûСеҰݣеķذϵʪ, еķذҰھ, ¶һԼƬѵĲϡ
زٿŵƿ, ȴײһ˫۾
رܣȴ޷ֱʱزŷԼִֽ֫ʵ
һûɣƤĥûġ
·, ڷֶĵ, ̲ס
װ˯ˣ
ԩ޳, ɱңʲôô
ôҲ벻ͨǸ
ֻҪܹģ˵ǺôĬƬ̣˵ԣֻܶԲסˡ
˭ǲʲô᣿˵ʶ𣿡
㲻ʶĴڣһֱ
Ժ˵˵áذȻҲ֪ʲôطţǿұ֤˵ȥ
һŲڲϣĲ
²ӣ˹
ͷԽˣֻҪܰʧʣµģȻ֪ô
شӵ𣬺һֱ׶ڴ̰ʹҹ˼ðһ˫ȵŵ治Ϻˡ
뿪ܣҲʧаؿ޵ҸͲȥ
ⲻһǰ£ΰסŵص˫ţ²ȥȥֲġԺ㱻ҵһݣ͵Զ뿪
ɵ¡ı壬ᱻ壬ٴѵͲ׾𣿣
ûֵб㲻С治ɫؽÿն·س֣ҹٶһҲûʲôֵġֻί˵¡Ҫڴ˴Ϣ
ץĽӶȥ
زϾͷǿҪлΪ˷Ѷǿųµ±㣬ʹ˴һŵ˵ӵ塣
ԼҲΪˤ˳ȥʲôͷϡ
ܿס壬漴ٴ׽סҪߵء
»ǲҪˣҲߵѿ¼Ҳֻܵˡ
Ҳѵߵúÿ𣿡ؿ˵ķҲᱻֽᣬȥ˵£кȥʺĸ
Ի⿪
峯ֶرۣ鲻Խۿӿ
ɱңԵ𣿣
Ƭ̺Ȼûսսۣɫӣͣڰա
һϷæȴ׷ǹʣȻȲãɸأ࣬ɱңԵ𣿡
ϣֻ˶̶Ƭ̡
ܿ죬ıͻָ˼ᶨ
Թȫ˵Ҹ˹ΣطҲԹ飬ҷȥҲҸ
ô֪Ҷ飿ؽе
͸ȥ
޻˵ˡ
ϵĸ
˭ʶΪʲôҪ
ץĽ󣬽ǰһŵų
ƲԳԷơ
ɫѿһѹסҵŵ˫ȣһֺֻݺסĲӡ
صĺ˺ƴҡͷ忨ϵĴȴ˿Ϣʹཥռ˴ԣĶԽԽСˮˢ԰ӡ
忴˫ˮ͸֪ɫ
Բסˡȳ䶨һص˴ΪѰһˮذᡣ
ݵиָɫٴ
ڡ
ýϵ
Ծһ֮ϵָɿˡ
ŵؿأĿȻоȣɻ
ȵѪϣָָ졣
ʧؿ壬鲻Խʼ
ߴҡһ£ɻı飬ԼĲȥѾγٴδȥ
Ѫ̵
Ǳյһ֡
ıɲ˼齥תŭֱ嵹ȥͻ˫۵صķֻʣصĽĺ⣬ѪȾ˽ɫڵο
ԵȾѪɫԲ´ڵͿգѪظŲ綶ɸء
Լݴ
أ
һ͵ҹš
ŷɱĽŲ̶Ƭ̺رһ˫ʵֱӵ˻С
ϤϢӭǡ
زץ͵ĺ󱳡
ָѪ總֮ңôҲѲץ͵ıץΨһľݣ棬ؽ֣
͡͡͡
Ŀ˿Ҳ͵ķ
סص˫磬ֻʧֱԼ
Բˡڳһֻ֣ĺ󱳣Ѿûˣءϣ¡
͡͡
ίкޡ
ô
Թſе۵ú޲ܰǱ߹۾ǧС
ҵĴıӦϹ
ô졭ɱˡ
ûɱɱġĺ󱳡
ɱˡ
ûɱ㿴šļ
ʶ￴ڳһֻ֣ɿγ岱ϵĽڵϵƺ˶Ұ׵촽һ̣;Ͱѽ侲زĺ
ļ˴Ӻ¶һؽ⡣
峹ײˡ
㿴ûɱ˵ɱġ
رⷬ˵Ĳôסˣᶼ˼
úЩܲԼһʱ䣿ʡ
ԥƬ̣˵ͷ
á
ͷࡣ
ת׵ߣᳵ·
Ƭ̲½ʹĽϸԼܱ¶ݵļ
ĽسŸҪѲͣĵ϶רķš
Ǹˣ
غ˵ͷ
ͰγӣϲѪתҲ˻ţһϣһ·߽һʼԤصĿ
ؿԼڳ֮鸴Ӳѡ
һԣѪֶֺģˣһֱڵϲȾѪ֡
ʪĸоɨβͬ͡Ķģͬ䡣
Ϊʲô£
ˡ
ۻæͣԼֱ˲۾ĬĬ˿
Ͱ߽Ӻֽţһ߸ԶԶСȡһԵĲӣһһؽϡ
ƿۡ
ôҵģΪתעʵ
һɰŮ˸ָ·
ҹ塣
𣿡ͷڲȴǲ泤۾ƵģһʱעС
صŨŨı䡣
ƻÿ𣿡ʡ
ʱ˵һԶں͸ոȥʬ壬ػĵƻᡣ
ÿ
ÿٿ˵
ӣصͷ
ţ


139 
˵һ
, ڴԶͽüͷʳָĨҩزϵȥ
ҩһɫۼؾ̲ס˳
ۡǻ
, 㡣ϵİοܶͷ, ϵĶȴġ
һõ㴥ķʽСظҩ, һ̧ۿصķӦأ
ۡ
ίͰ͵ؿֻ峺
еԲӰ, Ӱָƽ, ܿߣֵҪܿ޳Ҳˡֲܣһοһ, ޵ĶӵǮ
ҿ޵ôǮˣС, ˮֲҪǮ
ȴɿӵˮĲҪҪǮ
Բ
, ҪǮͽһ˵ҸóԵģģ
Ҹ㹤Ǯˣίؿ
Ҳ, Ӳ
ȱǮ𣿡ͦš
Ŀؿƨˡ
ѵ˴ǰǿĲְƶ
Ϊڣȴ˷Ѽ
Ȼӷ֮ǿסģ
Ҳۣ㻹ҡ
صֱӵ
ͼƲԣҪ, Ѿת, ĵͷϿ
ҡֱӱ˾ֿڡ
㻹ҡ
ظ, ؿ
أ
͵̫Ѩͻͻ

ϣ



ӴˣӲǹģû㡪Լأ˴׵ǰ͵ԸǰͷöغˣҲˡ
һ̧ʵ۾

ͿѾ£ʱܼȥǣҧҧ

һ
ͺأǲƤˣ
ͷ
£¸£
͵ĺһûϴĹеһƴȴΪЦˡ
ۣһ˫ǧʯѵһҪ
˵ıء
ڿˣͶ۾
ˡصͷ
ϡ
ϰһָذӴһٴỨ
ң
ôˣҲ˵ˡĿһۣĨҩָٴӻڴϴŮˡ
Ҫ´һְΰס
𶯡
زҶˡ
պҩ࣬ͿӵϡɫףҲԵ࣬ʳָһȦӡ
Ϳɫ࣬ʮֺôʹ졣
ۡسɫС
ͷȡ
ۡ
ٶȷȡ
ۡͰ͵ؿСèС
ӵֻûȥأʹİϷ۾һɡ
źشӱһ
ˣͿӦþûˡšҩӣ˵ţҪǱ˿ϵˣӾƺҲϴˡ
ҲҪŮˡֹ
ڴϡǿ
ʹˣʲôϴ¡
㳤ˡҩվ
Ҷʮˡز
ʮءͰһۣӶʮˡ飬ͨһʮʽʸ˵Լˡ
ôûһʮʽɻǽʲôģ
飬ǸĶģôġ
ѧؾȵôδ˵һһʮʽ
㲻֪Ļأ´ҽ㡣
ãһ֣صصͷҪѧ
ҩ࣬ǰŸտżؾͽҪȥĶ
ҩˣҲûȥźãͲؿ
Ҹһȥ
æ´Ь
ôԶľ룬ȥʲô
ҾҪȥԼ˲ϴЬЬ˹
ظȥڷźҩಽظȥԺˮϴ֡
ͻ㱼Լƨɺ׺ֻСѼӵѼĴ
ϸʲôʡ
ҪޡŤŤ
ȥֲǹͰû
Ҳһȥ㡭ҡǺ
㣿ô㣿͵ɴۣǹͰһһ룿
ңͺ˵˵ˣ
ֻ⣬˵ɣʲô˵˵ˡʵȴž
Զһ㣬̫
ͣͣĶأ㿿һ㣡
һŲԶһŲںڲͷˡ
أǲǹأ
ʲôġѹ͵Ǵ͵Ķ
Բ֪ˣü治Ǯ
桪
Ͷ粦˹һҡͷĳ
ôأ
ò̫ԣļⲻ̫ԣ
һǸͷηԵʡ
ĥôչһŵ㣬ǴϾڱ
ͣ㻹ôûˣ
ôڣͺ޲ðϾšϵ٣Ӷڣ
òףˡ
ɫǸմӹŹس
߸ʲôˣü
ܾáδͰֻҪ
˭֣
֡
ͼʲô˻Ҫʺ
仰Ŀ־˸ǿҵĶ˲ѹ״ɱ˺Ŀ־Ͳ
ôôأ˵
Ӷģ͵˫ۣⲻ˵𣿴ӹͰ񲻾ġ
˵ˣ
ɫǰѿŶ䣬ʧ͡
ƨ̫ˣֱ廹Ҫ£
ĸضԹͰûп־ˡ
ڣҪҲѡӹͰ
ȻͰˣ֮ĺڰȻܿ¡
ÿαۣǰͻḡֳʱ΢ɻ־ȵı顣
˿û
УûвŮˣũŮҲɱûɱ֪ԣֻǸϵһֻйã޷ʵá
ֱһ̣ҲŲš
͡ںڰС𣿡
ûأ޿̣ӾļëԱߣ
㡭һ㡭ԥԥ˵
ģһ䣬÷ͣ˵İ
óĬΪش
ƨһŲ˼ëӡ˳ҹɫӿƮ˹ϡ
͵Ϣ˯ߵıӣ޵İĸУġ
뼢ʱɽﻥȡůȶ󣬼ëֻصм䡣
ܰռˣ۰ҹȴδԽ׳һ
ëӡ
ʲôû壬üͷûļëӣԼ
˵
ޱֲָĺҹֻι̵ӡ
ҪëӡԽԽС
žˡ΢ڵĴⴵҹ¶Ƣ㡣
ĬؿʼţԼ֪Լ˵ʲô
ˣոˡûˣҲУš
Űɡػû˵꣬ëӾҹɫﻮһߣ֪Ķǽһ
ŲСͼ˹ڲסȸԾˡ
ĺҹɫĵĹâ
һֻڱգҲգضǵ
زɫ죬תٵ͡
˯ˡŵ
áһֻ֣űӰȦڻ¡ߡ
ûйܽӴ̬ޱȰġ
ãʹˣҲڡ
ţһڡ


140 
˵һ飿
һ׵ŭ쳹լС뷿С
Ѳ, һʱ˵Ů˽ԵùԱټ͵£ϢѪҺӿ, ޲õһ֪ܵŮϡ
Ĺ뷿, Ҳ, Ů޴վһ, ϵһδ
һʲ֪, ʫӽȻþʳˣ
˵ǰֻһƣôڣֱˡ
, ˵Ҳһġʫӽڴϣͷ­, ˳, ˵Ļȴ޻תأŮ޸ˡ
һΣŷסһԵıҲ֪Ǳеŵ, ǱŮ׵ŵġ
ɵվŸʲôȥɫŮŭ, ո˭͸¶һ֡ҾҪ˭С
ŮǾʧӳ˹뷿
㵽˵ʲô軰ŭǳ׵, 㻹һƷ檲ɣ
и, ѵŮ𣿡ʫӽʡ
ȻܣҵճŮ, Ǹ, ϵ飿
ⲻˡ
ʫӽ赭д鳹׼ŭУ̲סһ˦ʫӽ, ڴ, ƫͷ
붼룡
ү˿Źڵ, һʫӽ֣һеĹٷүŮʲôú˵ú˵
㿴ҪҺú˵𣿣ŭȵ˦ǰˣӣһ붼⽾ݵĹͣ
˵ڵأؿš
Ҹ㣬Ѿˣ㲻Ҳüޣ¸¾ͼޣ˵
ү˾һɫҰףִ٣β룿
ҹܲˣ˵ȥͲǲ룬˾֪ĳˣ
үʲô˼ʲôţ˰
ĸסʫӽп֮ǰһ˵ǰŮ̽׹·⺷ᱡȹŪˣǱ˺ˡ
ʲô˰һЩʡ
ŮδʧȥףѾ覡ǽҼ޸ƷԱպ󶫴·ѵԷŮһŵڴ裿ʱҪŮҲϹĸף֮𣬸׺βı·
ʫӽתѾ߸Ŀתؿ÷С
ıϸײûǣ͵ĺ÷ŮǼ޹ȥ;ͳԼˣҲû˺֮ǡ
ס죡ŭɶ֪ܣЩһδŮӸ˵Ļ𣿣мҶȢҵŮҵĵŮܼ޸һؤˣ
ؽΣΣͷݲҪҪܳΪԼˣҲΪ֧Ϊˡ
Ǳϣ˵ǲܴӦµģԸҲãԸҲգһºϳ޵ĻΣ
ʫӽе߶ŰΣ˵ǸױŮʬްɡ
㡪
巢֮ĸԭʲôҪŮǧ˳Ůʵ޷ıԼ⣬֮£ֻ˷
ʫӽɫƽشͷȡһ֧ӣͷһ˶׼Լĺ˵
ִҪ֧ŮµǱڰ߰ɡ
㣡㡪
Ѫ˳Ųҡ¡
ûȥΪæſҪЮŮʫӽʫӽôǰİ㲻Ǽµôӣʲôú˵ѽ
ҲˡʫӽĸףὥӿʲôãҪ̤ʱ򣬴һ£ΪӦһûС䵽ء
ʫӽؿ޵ҿĺӣĳ̫ãĸҲһͬʣŻְ֮
ˣ㻹Ӳ𣿣кüŭĿ
˲ԹֻǳԹ޵ؿš
ɫѿҪǲ޸֪㻹Ҫļ޸𣿡
Ůޡʫӽ˵ȻԸһ֮
ƣдŭǾȥɣ
ү˾ץס䡣
ȥлӿ˵֣ŭʫӽҾͲţԼڼﲻɣ

պڶıԺټ͡
ͱٵŮ֮ԵӦ֪Ǹʲôˡа˵
µ鷿ȼŵѬ㣬վ鷿룬תС
֪Ȼ֪üʺ
ѹµ˺ߵĶԣ
˽⣬е졣
Ҳˡ˵Ȣɡ
ͻԼˡ
վֱ˵ɵŵıֱֱؿУʲô˼ס
ӺɷҪҵġԵ仰˼Ӧɣ

и߸ϵؿһƶ̩ɽӡ
ŸɼãţûǿװģһҲǸСС٣ҪٽһѡѵͲҫ棬ͷ𣿡
ͳЦЦ⻰˵ģ˭ͷأ
ˣ͸ץסᡣ
ʲô᣿
ĻͥĻᡣ˵ҵŮʫӽ黭ʫʸ踳ѡΨһŮҲǽеĵŮԸ㣬һνԵ
аͻȥ˵Ҫ׼С㾴Ĳˡ
е
ҵĵŮȻ檡
Ҹոˣ¶ɫĵܵܣ֪뽫С˭
ͣϷǰװɵ
һϣٿذֻʣһ˵쳹ڷС
ϷʶĲܣǹʲŽŮ¼ޣȡᣬӦŶԡг˵һѵĹŮ;û˿˵Ϊ⡣ΪϷŮһб㲻ͬˣϷȻϷܴﵽĹλҲܴﵽ
ҪϷ˵˵ԲסˣƷλ¾ͱסˡϷ䲻˼֮Ҳÿһʶô֮
Цȴɫ˵˼ҶˣϣȢ
˵ϣһ˰ԭ䣬ʳǣ㰲֡
˹Ȼ˵
ô˵ǴӦˣ
£˭þܾӣֻǣҼλǸְҰ÷񣬿²״Ӧ롣
һ񸾣ӦΣЦһҸյʱ䣬Ȼȥʶôа취ɿڡ
ҪգٴԸ¼ްŮĳĸңǻʰҸһߣȫСģ
ȻĿľǽȢ˲вɶΪ
һ뵽ŮϧþʳԾҪЮԼҲҪ¼޵˰ܻ֮ˣоͺһֻӬһֶģΡ
ڣ͵ĸڣܹȱ˲ŵľҪǼӶãʫӽҲ֪Ů¼һؤˣ
Ҳ̫棬Ͼ㷢ޡа˵һһӣȥת
Ϳ˵Ҽһţóݣ٣㲻ʨθڣһȥһ٣β뿪Ҽҡ
ɣѴѿԺ㣿˵ҸǧƱ
Ϳյһȥ򡪡
һ˵Ҫ׵߸˵뿪ңãҪ

˷ģĳ߸뿪ң


141 
ڴ೯軧͹, ÿɵü
Ըũֹũÿɵöʮ
ڴ೯, һʮʮ, ȥʦ̵ƿѧ, һɵʮ, гϢһ, ;, Ʒ֪, ÿɵһٺ»
гϢһ㡪ȥƨˡ
տڰ׻һƱ
ĿؿͰƱŽڲ㡣
ȸ, һ·뿪ݡϹԹţʲôõģҳǻϾͺá
Ӧ, ô, ׷ɱ𣿡
Ӧĳ, ʲôϵοֱ׳ɱҵ˻𣿶һ, һ١
㲻һߡز
ʹͳϴɾĽżˣƱһϵ˸ʵĻӵһԶѵϡ
ҵ, ǲ߳ݳšƽ
ǵʲôطʹϣȵң̨ϵ
ǻͷ, ҵĶŪͳ, ʺȵͷ, ǵɫΪǳصġ
粻ȿʮڶʹĵطٴӳ𣿡ȵųԾ
͵Ľżڵ룬һֻĺ档
ƻϲϱ仯ͷޣ̡
ǡǿ̣벻̡̲ס
û˴
̡̫ȵ˵磬֧㡣
d̨Ͽһձĺ󱳣һ߿бһ֦ͷһֻıȸƶһֻĴè
Ҳ֧֡
Ȼ֪ҪŪʲô֧ܵܶˣ˵ʲô
һҪСıءصǵ˲ʡ͵ĵơ
ѵʡǮˣ͵ұޣȰƤ
ͷڶ̻֮ɥİƤس
Ͷ־ͺĺƹ˵֪Сֵõǡ
ѼһĲ
Ρȫȵġþ䣬˺ѼģȻѾϴ֣ͲҪزپҵˣСӲϹ
ŻظŻһӾԹҲóѣ
Ŀɿڴ
ԹڡƫԥѡͰΣΪȣ治ܱ⣬ʹ˰ɡҲ˵ֻҪžϣ
ɬ˵ģҲġ
˵ʲô軰ءǲǾҸˣûȥµһͺɷ붼룡
أ
磬̫Ҫɽˡȵɫ
У·粻˳٣ھ߰ɡͿأ֮ǰ㻹һϷ

๫Ÿ߰˶Ĳɸ䲻㡭
ǸѼϼܣǱѼӸϼܡ
ĹϦ£ǰ˵鲻ԵĻкűȻ⡣
С
ֻԸƹŷտƺ쳾ຣˣذɡ
ס߳ܶ췢̵һض˳ᡣ
ڳͷȵޣһݡʻ˲˫۾С·
ӣӣߡٻϢͷȴѾʻԶ
ỨŭŵصվĺԺſڵͣζ޶ԣ˶ţתȥ׷ˡ
Ʒٵļ£￴ֵ˺ܶ࣬˭ҳȥ֡
ˤ߻ĺԺ󣬸ļԺŲĿˡ
һվ·ǵ˵ĲӿԶȥ󣬹뿪ˡ
һյʱ󣬴ÿլš
ǿߵģжǰ裬ĵ
СĿ˵Ҫƹŷຣվ鷿룬سкĸĻ
ֻһؾĲᣬԼǼ£ҿҲƾɵúܣٻһȥۼۻɫҲӣ˵óǾҪɢܡ
֪ˣȥͰɡе
Ӧ˳鷿
鷿ָһʼľס
дô
Ļż䱡ˣˣʱҲп
ٻӲһҷѣ˵˭ĿڴˣҪС޸𣿡
ŮģҪޣϷʲô취йǣһЦͻмûмǺƿأ̰ܱ̰ĺáϷ򸣱һȴûпɿõĶӣΨһһڵģȴŮ
飬ٻȻߣС޸ܳߣҲܶĻŵСٻᱻε÷
ϣ˰ɡüɫתΪ࣬ӢפݣҲٽ֦ⳡһҪסϲ¥ȵأ˭ҽһϳ͡
ĸҾ˷ģ½ְ
Сг˶ͣˡ
ĸǾá
֪ΪΣǲ̤ʵֹһ˿ȢҲˣд㡪ǾͱϷնݳˡ
ĸٴҾɫȻ


ˣ
ʫӽվɫϲӶ䡣
ǧȷ˶򡪡ڱ֮ǰĿڵ뿪լˡ
Ϊ˿ĵʫӽ˿̸ûע⵽ʧ
ż뿪լʱֻһҲã˵޹ȥʱûмױڱˣҲǿߡ
СԷˣӶҲǿô顣
ʫӽĬգŸϹһļ£бϲӡ
С㡭
˹ȻҲ⡭
ϣܿͿӭȢСˣСóԸΪʲôģ
㲻
ȷ֪׷ȥ͹˽磬ν͡
úʫӽǹɸӵıϲӱѹȥ
ָ˵Ȼɫ˵ҵֽ

ͷӦæԸж
һᣬʫӽǰдһⳤš
ʱͣʱдд곤źֽ/ȡһˮָˣֽϡ
ˮɺԺ΢ĺۼִټµ顣
ֽ֪ͣױȢˣ״˾ٲҵı⣬ҲԸ˺㣬ֻҪԸҸͬƽƽ
С㡪ȻǴⲻٶµĴҲʣС㵱Ըƽƽ
ҵȻԸʫӽ˵ԸҸҲȻԸ
СΪҪţ
ͻϲصȥ׷ϣپܾʱ򣬱㲻Һᵶ㣬ϲ֪ôˡ
СôôƶϾͻܾ˵һһĻƽأ
ܡʫӽȻϿʵǸйġ޵ƽޣܵ衣Ů˶ԣĪ裬֪ȴ֪ȫϣֱִ˵ԹǿȡĶ࣬Թϲ֪ôĶࣿ
һʫӽߣæͷޡ
СȻѩ
ֹûôһ䣺
Ҫǲʶôأ
ʱ󣬴վĺԺſڣ˺С顣
κͳڴ򿪵źһͱͲôÿɫѿ
ˤ֮ǰæż㡣
Сŵģ˵
һգűˡ
һǰˡ
ͷ˲ıŸĿشվǰ
ĵ˼£ûˡֻøŽյĴţʫӽ˼תˡΪ¿ֵĻҹڴֻܼϣ;ź䲻˵лá
ΣԼˣתʫӽ˼תȥ
صլڴʫӽ˳Ĳ˵
СѾҰС˼תˣӺǸжӡ
ҡ
ڳ˸磬ֵذѴһϵĺ˸档
ģһ˵ӻ
޵Ļ¯ľһ볣ֺһֽڻо̶̼̿գۺ󣬾ֻʣһڻҡ
ɩӿˣ
ȵһʱע⵽ڴֱ۵أվ
ȥüɡ
ˣҲ䣡æء
ǡȵɫ⡣
Ҳ֪ͻȻð˼Ƥ񡣡˵һҡ
ȵЦãô㣿
㲻֪ǣҡίţ˺öţˡ
ȵЦ룺ֻкɩһʱ򣬴Żɲѡ
ԾĻϲֻ㣬ձdſãԼģҲغȵġ
ȵֻֻȥԼʣֻ˵
ҪǴھͺˡ
û͵ƨƨҲͦįġ
Ϊ˰οȵѹʧ䣬˵
û£һǡ
ȵؿ
ǲʱȥ·±㡭
㣡㣡
dϲؿó±㣬󺰵
磡


142 
쵵ϼź
˻, Ĵ¥ʵĴ
ԶɽĴϣɷ磬̿Ĵϡ
ľ̵޺, ˫, ɫڲɫ˿ϵ޳ף
ڵĴⴵ磬īķ˿ëһ
رһ߽᷿ذ̷, Ҫתȥ, ϵ˺ڣ
յͶˣ
һ, æϥ¡
, յżʮж
֧ͷЩʲôˣ
ؽ̺żһһ
ʼûۡ
ر֣᷿ںðεʱ䣬ֻʣ⺣
廹ûϢ𣿡
δϵϡ
ۣ޺ֱ壬ɫľϴ䣬һƬ׹ơ
޲Ϣ𣿡
ûСصͷ, ǵһηɸ봫ǴΡ
ʲô
˵˴ǰȥǲˡ
ˣ
ǡСĿӵɫӡҪȥ̽𣿡
¥Ĵͷ಻֮, β᷿ȴԽԽҹɫ
ڴ, , ѩ׵³ĵò԰׵Ӹӽ
ҡεĴӾĲ, ֳȭûѪɫĴš
һԵŮæȲ裬ҡҡͷƿ͵ǰĲյ
翪ʼ𣿡ʣơ
ѾʼһˡŮ
ӡ̲ס˿ȣ˵ӳϯ𣿡
Ůԥһ£ӡƺûвμ硣
û˵Ů룬ŵعûгϯ磬˵һ̽ˡ
ӱǲϯ磬ҲµŹӲöԳһЦݱ𽵹󣿡
㡭
ذοˣʲôݣ˲ѵ㻹֪𣿡
ŮƿԣһĨͬϧ
ϰˡٴο
ҩӦúˣūȥҩ
Ůϵıǣ첽᷿߳
˳Ѫ԰׵϶һƲ̬ĳ죬Ŵ¹⣬૵
֮Ф¹⡭
΢ĽŲû⣬˵Ƕ𣿡
ҡ
ɫӰ߽᷿һ΢ɫɽƬ
һΣϲȻ˴ڱʪĵϣ밲
ɫɨżŵ᷿˵ôֻһˣ
ǶȥҩˣһͻҪּδõϥҪʲôԷ̹ӡ
̲ס
ʱŷڵϡ
㻹ţա
ǣһмԼһԵıվ
ݲ԰ף΢΢ҡεĵʱҪ׹䡣
һˣ
ڷ£ֱ߲輸ϵĲƿϵĲյ
ӣҡ
㻹ţá
֣ܿԼһȲ裬ƽĲҶ̣뿪ĸդûۿǰ
иһɲҡΡ
ӡʲôǹӲϲˣ
Ĺʲô
㶴һеĿϣһȥ
ӣū
֮У
ū澡ūǹӲϲ
ʮ͸ˡ㽫õĲݸڵϵɫǶ㲻ϲ㻹ô𣿡
ӡ
սս˫ֽӹյ
ʧˣ֪𣿡
㲻ϲŭһ仰еĲյһΡ
̵Ĳˮ˳Ļϣ֣ǿ׶ĵʹ
ӲǰЩղյֵżͻȻʧ٣򶨵
һյĻʮǰһյķɸǰʧ⡭޲Ӧô
յл䣬ȵĲˮһŴȵʹһزˮŹ
ӡ
ֹ⣬صǣƽ֮е¡㷭ڶյٴעȲ衣
ƽĿˮˮ˵ֻЩɻΪʲôÿһ嶼㱨ѰԽĽչ
ӡ֪κνƱǰûôſԣֻȿֺ˳
ǲǺɻΪεһȻʲôϢûõ΢΢һЦΪҷȥ̽õ鱨
²ʢȲĲյһεݸò˫ֽӹ
ʮ꣬Ұӽ̷˼磬ıģΪĴ̽鱨£ġһֱΪĹѵ𣿡
ôƴҡͷɫҰףԸΪӸ¹ӽҲԥƬ̣
ý
ǻ˵仰һĶѡ
Ļȴø˵ŹڵϵȾɫ£΢΢޶ԣޱ顣
òпı飬˵Ļ
Ҫ㡣˵ٽʧˡ
ǡùʧᣬͷ
ˣ˵ÿǲϲġ
һ
ûгϯᣬ½ڶʹ㡣ٹһǾҪ´ˣҪ̽鱨£ЩڶʹֻнĻˡ¶һ裬Ҫݣһ㣬Ը𣿡
ֱκγͷҪ־塣
ߣȱˡÿ¶ڸлһҲи¶ϣһ壬Ҳس֣һأͿܻԶ
ǸõˣȻʱܻᱻ
ᣬòҰĲŮҪλ
һ̶иҪܳһУܻظĿƬͣ
ΪƬʱ⣬ԸһС
ѹ˵¶¥󣬶Щ⽮ϰԲһʱ⣬ֻˡ֮ˣȴѺλڶʹףǽ½á
Ȼ㣬塭䵭Ŀϡ
һ㣬ƵĲղġ
ͷɳȴᶨղܸ裬ȴǺõģһ֧Ϊˡ
á˵ѾˣȰա
ۣвһ
ﻹ̫徻ˣɨһۿνª᷿ȱȱȥȡĪҪ˿Ц
ǡ
Ҫ뿪ĿⱻһȻ
ɫͻ䣬һߵǰɢŻУĿȷһŻҰѼϷˮļֽ
˭ģƣ˫ȴζеĻ㡣
;ʱżĻصһ׻㣬֪ϲСûб˼յ
Խּ
һ仰׻ͣԭء
Ұҩ
Ůû˵꣬վĸ㣬ŵһˤҩ롣
ӡ
æ¹Ůء
Ӻ·Ըصϥ򵹡
ʣµĻԼͨţҳ˵
ľżһŸķԸ¡
ͨźͻشнӹԥת߳˷䡣
ľؿıӰʧ⡣
ôˣŮסֱۣǿڡ
̤ЬҲҲĶΪʲôƫƫʱ֣ѵǧ㡭ĵв⣿
¥ϲͨϣӰǵǰš
رһż㣬͵͵ǰĸɫȴ׿ڡ
ǰŸ̤鷿žͳʵһγʲôط
æӣǵ˸ݺС˦ߡֻ֪ݣȴ֪ȥĸء
ݼĳĻ㣬Խּ
سԾؿеĻ㡣ֻһŻڵĻ㣬ȴһۿԽıʼ
ѹֹʧ̬
ʧȥټҲǳݣѱǶʲô⡣ɫѿ֣ǰȥݣϧҲҪذȻԽ
رȭ¼̳


143 
ң
ش˸硣
ȵɩ, ˣ
ⶼˣѡһҡűӣԹ
һڼǹɩءȵЦ
ƿ, űߡ
̫ˣ˵ɡԽdԲͷ, źûʲô仯ĵ·ߣǻݾ𣿡
Ѿˣݾڡȵ˵еѾû, ȵһǾȥл, ҪɩһĿࡣ
û¡æ߸ϳۣжࣿ
Ȼʲô, ˵һ绹ûȹˮɣҸǵˮ
ͷɩӣԼͺá
ȵæת˵, ȴѾóձעˮˡ
ܲҪ, Ҫd, 촽, Դ桭
ضˮ˻, ݳˮ, ο, Ҿ档
ãȴԴ棡dЦ˻¾
ô˵СĴ㡣ȵ˵
粻, ڣ״Ҳûãd°͡
ȴҾ͸
㡪״
ذסɴ۾d, οڶء
ΪʲôҪϲ
Ϊϲȵ˵
㡪
, Ҿ͸ߴ硣
㡪
dĴ۾ƺỨ
ֻüϣdļϲŶأ㿴ô𣿡
Ҫϲңdߵ
ȵֱǰЦŲ˵
ɵǰš
ȱһѼʲôá
ͣЩꡣ֪ʲôô뿪ݣʫӽ᲻ӲϹҪǱ׵򶯣زپҵô죿
žǳƨ˷Ųģ

ȵȻݶ˵޾ɵͣ˽Ų
ʮĵطСһ·룬ΧɢʯƺǴұߵɽϹģܿ
ȵü£·ˡ
Ҫȥ𣿡ʡ
ȵŹǷd磬ܰῪ𣿡
ܣd۰׿㡣
ȵŲæǾɩһɵȣٵȴˣȥСֱ򡣡
d鲻Ըֹµʯȥˡ
ȵתͷصɩӵһȣµʯ̫ˣһʱ岻Ҫˣس˯һᡣ
˯һˣۡҡҡͷ
䣬dˣˣʯͷﳤˣ
ˣ
һȵİ
һ·ߣڿd˵ˣһʮĲȹŮʯ¶ѵϰѪ߰ߣۣѪ͸
ȵ̧ͷɽĵط˼
صĵһӦȴȷϱϢŮкְʯ顣
ʯأһ־͸о
ܰ𣿡ؿd
dʹԥ֣һᣬŮϵʯͱòˡ
Ұϳ
ظ˵꣬ȵͿڵòš
ΪʲôȻ
ȵûֱӻش⡣
ŮǰС
ȵϧۼŮԼǰͨˣҲͬܵ
㡭̲סڣŮ͵ۣҡͷȵָ
һɼʺϡ
Ŀࡣ
̡ͦȵŮҲһ˿⣬˵ɣ˭ģ
ʲô˭ģ֣
ŮŬ߿űߵʯͷ˿ڣ۵졣
ûЩʯͷǲҩʱɽСĴɽģ
ŮĽͺ֮ǰҲǲǲҩŮΪdʯͷҵһֻѹı滹кЩвֵĲҩ
ҩŮȵЦװʲô
һ¿ĲҩŮһĻ𣿡ŮȻԼվһţ۵һš
һ˻һ˻˵ҡҲ֪Ǻ˻ˣ÷Ǯɫ𣿣
ţǸǮɫ
ţ˵ûֱӸĵأŮϷܱզզǽðɣ
ŮһһᣬæסŮһۣҲļӵվ
㶼Ķˣ𣿡̲ס
Ťˣֱ۵úܣʱײʲôˡŮ赭дˡ
ȻˣԼ߰ɡǻҪ·ˡ㡣ȵ˵
ȵת뿪ͷһdһ
ȸذĸԸԼأ
ȵһĿŮϡ
ɽԭŮŽɫȻȲؾ½޵٣ŮŨüۣ峺鶯ҲһɽС¹Ĺ龫ֻ֣ԭĿĿĵѪƻ˱֮ˡ
ͣµĽŲûٶɫ̺ϵĮƬɶ
سȴȻ⸽ҩסĵطҲԶǰͻؼٸ·Ҳ鲻˶õġ
ȵŮƿߣ䵽ʱ廯Ϊ硣
ɩӵġ

dİ£ذŮ
dڳϳȵŽ˳ᣬһͿʼԼĵҩࡣ
׼ĺ֣ܳҩڳˣҳֹѪ˸ҩȵҪҩˡ
ȵ˿أֿ˿ŮóһذףŮ潻ء
˳ֵĵط¾ͽҡ
֪ĺ⣬ӹذ׺ȵת߳˳ᡣ
⣬ֻ̫ұ˰ŻرǸضŮЦЦ
ˣŮʡ
ֱ׵һæҡͷǣҵСӣ
ŶŮ˵ͷҪȥĶ
ͨ˵ʱúĲڳ๫
ŮȴԹˡ๫ء⣬ֱĿĵء
ض˸˼ؾϷȥأʲôطôȥ
Ҽڳء
أسһ
ɲһҩŮôɵˣ
ҼڳأƽնһסɽϡŮںǲһȥ˺ˣԼߡ
ҪȥĶأ
ؼңΪԵΪ˵ľҡŮ˵ɽϳҰޣûΣաҰޣҲ˺ô򷢶ˡ
һ̶ϣضĻͬС
ǳۼŮǹҰĸоҲܽ͵ͨˡ
͵ЩǿϢҰݡ
ҽС⩣⩡Ů˵أ
زȫȻ޷Ů˵
ҽ飬๫磬ƤܵܣߵǸһȸ
С⩣һ֡
΢Ц
Ҳܱ¡
ȴ룺
ô˼˵⻰


144 
ֱ, Ұҩɣغĵ
ҶµŮӣæҩҲûʲô˼, С̬ȼξܾ顣
Ҳü֣ҩС⩾ͳ˳ᡣ
ɩôˣߵȵſһۡ
С滻ҩ˵ԼǲҩŮ, ֪ô˿ڡ
С⩣
֡ؽ͵
ȵЦЦǡ
dǰ·, ɽɵ·Ѿ˸߰˰, ˳ȵǰ߿ȥڿɽĵط
㷢ʲôˣʡ
һ·طû䣬ôƫƫ·ĵطˣ
ش𲻳
кܶɺ, һɺ, һԤıɺ, ɺϸշʱ˭Ҳ֪ľɺϻɺΪԤı
ǹǾٹˣӳͼ̫Ԥıɺϡ
Ϊ⳵СÿͶȵΪʲôҪЩ
Сбһ, ֱѾ㹻ΪҪҲŪˣ
ԵļŮ˶, òǱصĶ, ࡣ
С⩵ĳֵȷ̫ɺ, ˵غı
ο, һδʮŮڻĽҰⲻ, Ҳݲ
ǼĬʱdֱ˻·˺öҪͷ
dҪĿֱָһͷ
æסڲУ
Ϊʲôd졣
С⩹ҩõ˲ܽȥ
Ϊʲôd˵ǵĳ
ظҪŴƿˡСһԴɨһۣ˵ǿԽˡ
С⩱ذһͷ·СϣɿģһͲСݣƫӢͦҪǰػΪǸ·ɡ
߽󣬵һۿľǵѪ߰ߵĲȹ
𣿡ʡ
ʱˡСԼһȵǻҪǰߣ
ʲô߼ȵ˳ǡ
ǰߣǶկĵ̡С˵
կʲôطʡ
ҽᣬɱ˷Ż뵽ĶǶĵط
Ǹĵ
Ҫȥݣ͵ȥ߹ٵҪȥԥݣظĵ߹ҲһġҪȥʲôط
dӳͷȿ
ȵƨϣͷҲصݾС
ٵضܳݣС⩼ֱǰߣɫһ䣬ûǰǶկĵ̣
ˡȵɨһۣҪô֤˵ģ
Сһ㶡
Ҫô֤ѲһҪȥǰ׽կɽ˸㿴ŻҵĻ
Ҳһȵƽ϶š
㡪С¶ŭɫ㣬ϸɱ֮û㣡
Сһ˫۲˵ˡ
عɫ˵ٻһ۳ȵСҪǾ͸ĵɣ
ɩӣһ·ںüׯͣ²δ˵ʲôկȵ
СǸǰжկˣƨɾˣ֮󶨺կ鷳ô죿
ׯô࣬Ҳܵˡ
ǲңһׯ˾ͺáСЦ·ģ˾һ˰ˡЩסĴ׷ǹʣΪʲôҪΪðôգ
ҲǷ׷ǹʣȵ˵ΪʲôҪƾ޾ݵĻ
㡣С˵
һתۣظӵı顣
С⩣㡭ؿȹȴֳ˫ȡ
С⩲ڵؿһֱ壬󿪵˫Ҳؾصز£
ˣŲС⩽͵
ز̫ţոǷϰ߳ȻĶһҩŮôȱŮ½Ҳһ󿪶ɣ
ٴС⩵ĺȥûзֺ
ҪΪ̲סСаŮװ
ҿıﻹһЩҩݣЩʲôؼװӡ
صɽףֵǮС˵ԭڼ˲βãûҵ
صʲôģȵȻ
ڳdĻؽչָˣڿŵĳϣųС⩡
ȽⶾרĲСûҿ˾͸ÿصˮȡ
أҲԴڵĺáȵЦ
֮佣ţæ廰Բ
Ƕ˵䣬ȸҪרļݳС⩹ҲҪˣɽô󣬼ɽˣҲһᱻϡ
Сùȵϵذף󷽷صص洧˻
ǲһһСɫ϶ưɣ̫ɽǾͻ֪˵ġ
ԥؿȵ޲˿ûиĵص˼Ҳֻð²ǰ
СרŶŸƵģǰɽ⣬һûκ⡣
ۼ̫͵ƽںϣɽ·ߵȻƽ˾
˵ˣֻûš
ظ˿˵ʲôС⩾ͰһƣԼŲ˳űߡ
С⩾ɨ߰֡
̫ˡȵ
ϵرСй֮޲
𣿡һԵdͶ䣬ʲôʱͣ³Էǣ
ӣͷһ㡣С⩲ؿŵס󲿷Ұd
ǴңdҲˣתͷСһۡ
ѵ㻹СӣˡûʱСתͷȵҪ𣿡
ݳǰյذס
ȵһۣ˵ţɩӡ
С⩲ҲŮˣ
ȵЦſһۣ̫ԡ
ôôС⩽еظͦﲻˣ
ﶼԡȵأ˵ɩӣһҪиһǣҦػϡ
ҦҲǶկĵ̡С˵
ػϡȵ治ɫظ˻ϵص㡣
С⩶ܴط˸ۡ
ãһᱣԼС⩡֪Լֻ۵ķݣ֣صص˵ͷҲҪԼ
Сˣ˻Ǯȵ˵
˵˭أС⩽е
ûԺȵ˵
ۼҪػȰ⣬һ
ץˣ
ȵһӺݺݳƨϡ
ݣ
һֱӰѪʹʱٶȣر˦ϣ⿴ųľɫڲϺˡ
һĴùɽˡ
ಡ
ಡ
ذ˵ߣҡεĳ
һֻʸϵİֽವض˶ĳϡ
ɩСģȵе
ʲô䵽ϣ̧һС⩰˹
ſ£ˣסؿڣС⩼
æ
ͣ£³
˷ɽ˵ţȵһ֧/һ̧ӰһߴһҽС
飡
˴ײһɷɽ˹ڳϣҪڡ
ŵüһ
С⩰γذ׸ҪȥæͼŽεεŮһ߼һֱߵĲ˸ͷѪ
߿
.
鼸£˲ҲѪɽ
˿һ龪ظ˸ؿڡ
ˡ
С⩶仰ĴɻûԣͷѪ³ûֵһʺš


145 
ȵȻɽֳȥ
ת, غС⩶ˤ˳
ֱײײɳһ鼸ײӭɽˣ֮յĶ˼ת䡣
ٶȵһȥ, ҽһ, ٴɱ
ӭɽ, Ǵͣ, ɱڵس
ȵ̧һֻ/ƥǰȡ
һ˻ϵ˺мһˤ˳ȥ, һƬ
磡Ľˣȵе
dһŭ, ӳϺԥطɽˡ
һͻ䵽, ̤, 󵶹ᴩ
صᵽɤ, Ҳգ, ضŷ˳ȥd
һ˲֮d׼ȷ䵽ɽ˵ϣûɽ˷ӦɽѾdĹ˦˳ȥ
dúӴ, סȵӸĳŭһǰ˳ȥ
dû, һ򵱹ĪѾסǰ·ˡ
Ƭ㶺ǲŷӦ, ʱӦҲѾ, dĴ󵶽ǰ
һͷɽѪ
زٿ, ۡ
ڵǰ
һֻбļʸػͷϵ
һ, Ҷץе
֪˶ãɱͣˣһǸպٴξǰɽĵط
ȵ޵ĴԽԽ࣬ٶȴʵ
һѪd׷
ȵסͣ
ɩӣϸ³ߡȵ˵
Сأʡ
һ·ȵ
ҲҪһ·С⩽е
У¡ȵԥ
һҿԴߣ
붼롣ȵЦҪôߣҪôһߡԼѡɡ
㡪
Сöţһţ۵
ȵûתͷصɩӣ߰ɣ֮ǰ˵ĵصϡ
ԥƬ̣˵ͷáһҪ
˵dϣԵǵؿµȵˡd˼һӵ¡ңߣ²¡
Ҳ¡ضοЦЦ
ádͷˣߣ
һʴ۶
ػͷȵ˺Լأ
ȵԶԶ˻֡
֮غdٶ
Ҫ·ȥ᲻ᱻЩ٣صĵ
dһ¶ô룿
룬˵ܿׯɽ·ȥ
ádûʲô뷨ص˵ͷġ
϶͵ɽ·Ȼ࣬Χ˼ײկߵĿܴ󽵵͡
ƨڼӲϵȥʹʱɫϵصĳš
Ѿ˿ǵʱ䣬ŽţӰ
Ǽͬ·˾ڳ¥ŵȴѾģҹ¶ҲǺܵͣҲ뷨ڳ¥´պһҹ
ǳΨһŮˣȻӵĿ⣬dߣǲѰסС֮ϻûɵѪ
غdѡ˸طϯض󣬸ԾŲ˵̡
µĵطزԶʱ·̣û⣬ȵӦ֮ǰϵ
ֱȰףŹǷţȵ˵ӰȻûг֡
Ҫǲ֪Ķȥǣضͷˡ
ѹеĲԼ£¿ջ½ʵ׼ҩҽݵλãʱ׼ӭȵС⩡
ȵ飬С⩿ȥҲֻ࣬СˣȵԱϿ϶в㣬ʼûġ
źһкڳŴĲһ졣dҲһԳһ졣
Ϧٴɽʱ򣬲ϰʰ¯Σߴ뿪ԥԥĿʼտſտĳš
ȵҪٲҪرˡ
ˣdȻ
ҲӰһϺϵţͨ˳ļ顣
Ϻ˦˦֦ţеĲӣľ߳š
ȸ
ȹӣļǵСܹȥ
ɩӣȵӳվ
Ϻ״ߺһͣţ
ܵţǰȰѳȵ´һȷûƺ󣬲ŷһֱںڵġ
ʱ˼ȥͬС⩣һѿڶСˣ
ֱʱӣС⩵Ƹˡɫ԰ףͦıϸһ麹촽͸࣬ؽȾŴƬѪѪӺһֱȾǰ
Сõ˿һȵ˵
ȵ赭дС⩵ķŭ˥˶촽ȴʲôû˵ֻŭȵһۡ
صǰ׼ó
֪ҽݵλãҴȥ
ɩܵͶϳɡȵ֣Һ˼̸һ̣ţȲиһЩ
ס֣ȵ˳ƽţ
dųڣ׾پ˳
Ϻ˻֦ţƵǰȥеʱ̣˶ؿųѪС⩡
ΨϺ޶ã;⣺ţţͭһˡ
ؿСϵѪ̲סڴߴ٣˼ңܲܿһЩϻеžҽԱ
ţѾʮˣٿܿ쵽ȥϺѹϵԱһµţһݣͷİɣȻܳŵǣǾһܳŵ߽ҽݡµġ
Ҳ֪ĶŶ϶С⩳£СϵѪļ٣֪ۿ
㷴ӦһʼɫѿСйŭ
㡭ʲôֲˡС⩲ڵض˶˵ӣľʱһѪۡ
Ҿǿܡر
ҶûܣʲôСƿۣһᣬַɿƳһۣأˣ
ؿһû˵ȵأûˣ
ʲôˣСûʲôȻʱͷûʲôˣӿʱܵñ˭죡
ȵĳ޶ԡ
ʱɵӲܵò졣
ˣҵĺ¶ô죿
ȵЦԼûע󱳵ĵˣʲô£
ۼСжŭǣ˿ڣæֹⳡ֮ʲôʱˣǻ
صĻȵġ
תͷһԲؿŽֵǰ
d˿ˣ͵ǡʲôʱ˻ûء
زֱ׳˵⻰dһۡ
ѵУ⽡ձ֡Ǻ«Щ㲻Ϸ
ţеĽŲڵҽſڡ
ȵƺǿصϣС⩵ݳ֣ȴС⩲һѴ򿪡
Լߣ
СǿûվȾһ£æǰסһһۣûپܾ
طС˳ҽҩǰĴ顣
ΪˣںԺҩĵŮæֹѪ
ãŮ˳˫ȾѪ
мˣѾֹѪؼԼ˵֮󣬶Դ˵˸ϸ˿ڳȺȡ
ųĴ˵ͷתͷһеء
ϵЩأټϼϵˣҪú²Ȭ֮ǰҪػˡ˵Ҹ㿪ҩõҩ࣬һΣá
л򣡡ص
´ѵСÿ˳Ůһ˵˵ôأôԼˣ
Ǻ󱳱ˣֲǶ˽šСɫҰףӲ
±Ƕ¡ȵ״˵
ôû£СԵ֮ǰĲͦ˳𣿡
Ϊѵؿˡ
룬ʳһΪĵ⡣
ǰ𣿡
أ


146 

һ·صµĿջ, ȵСǰԶͽ⣬ûִ
ţ˹
, ش, żõҩС⩷
.......
Сڴϻ˯, Ųѹ, ͷµ, ǿ
ôˣɳ, ûʲô
ؿɫ, ºÿŵĶͷ
ûзգȰҩˡذҩ˹ȥ
С⩿źںҩ, Ƭ̽ӵ
ҩ
ȸġصǵ춹, ð֮ܳŴһƽϡ
һȵҩ, С⩺ԥ˻
±
һЦ
㲻ǲҩŮôһѵ֪ҩûж
ȵվ⣬˵֮һת, º͵ؿأɩӣóˡ¥Ѿȵòͷˡ
ȳ԰, Ͼæ
, 㾡ȵ䵽Сϣָֻ䵭, ˷ʱ䡣
ȵҪת뿪, СͻȻڣվס
ȵͣ½Ų, С⩿, ˵һڡ
㲻Ҫôߡȵ
ؿֿǸ֪ôһչͬˮˡ
Һȣٶִһһڡ
ȵסҪСҲĿɿڴ
㻹ȡһ𾪡
һҩҲ£ڷ˰ɣЦ
ûС⩵Ҫʲôֵĵط˵ʧЩһŮӳ⣬֮ĲޡΪʧЩʲô
ҩٴ˹ȥȰȰա˵ҪһΣ㲻ҩôõÿأ
ɩӣˣʲôȵ
Ϊ˶ʯĳСص
ӹҩ룬һȹˡ
ٰҩͻʱûж˵ʲôǿص۹⣬Ѳ֮ǰ
ɩӣЩȵ˵꣬ת뿪ſڡ
ţ˻
ôߣСʡ
һûҩȥĶֵ
Լϡ
ѣҪôҩ˵ˣ㱳׸ȾһҪҩСŴ򿪳ҩ࣬ǿӲԼ·Ұѣ
ãȥ÷ɡ
С˵ţҪ£һסɷ˵Ϳʼ¡
㡢ʲôС⩴ʧɫһ÷ɿ졣
ȻǸϡ
ػȻϨŮļ²ĳˣȻá
СС˺۱鲼СݵŮŮԣһƽҲѹصʱаŮװꡣ
Щ˺ۣеǼش̵ģеǵ˵ģżҲмؿ·˺ۣΪã˷׵ۡ
㡭
һС⩾¶߳ŭı飬һɿ¡
֪ģתҪص¡
æסûöģ
㲻ðοңС˵Ů˶ǰװֹֻģʲôŮˣ
˭˵Ů˶ǰװ۵ģҡҡ벻Լʲô̺ۣ鼱ֻ֮˵Ҿͼٲװ۵Ůˣ
ĶģС⩺ɵؿ
ϣصľüе˰ôˣ
СתۣСûб
ŮӶҪӢ¡˵սʤĥѵ֤ݡ
СĬĬΣ˵ͦᰲο˵ġ
ûаο㣬˵ʵؼˡ
ĲöģСʡ
ֲϲµģʲôĵġ˵·Ҹҩ
С⩴ɫƬ̣ȷ˵滰תԼ¡
Ѫ߲ĺ¶ǰͬܣҲΪ֮һۡ
˶һȦȦ⿪ȾѪɴϴ˫ؽҩԵͿʽĨȥ
𣿡
ۡСƵģΪʲôҩһ㶼ۣ
ȡҩʱȡһ㣬õͿķʽҩԼ˿ڽӴָͲ˿ˡ˵๫ҵġ
๫ôûһ𣿡ʡ
Ҫʡף๫æ߲
ССֹ䣬û壺˵ʲô
˵ɵС˵㻹Ͽҩ𣿡
Ѿˣ
С˵ҲеΪ˲Ĳ飬ز˵ӿĶ
Ͼ˼ΣҩҲᳵ·ˣøɾɴ²С⩵ַСȥ
Сϵ֦˵ģ˵ֻҪĲҩͲ̣û£ºСĵظϵ˺ҩ
Сֱؿ
ôر̲סЦ˳
ûʲô
ϻҪҩ˯ɣһҴ㡣ص
С⩵˵ͷƣ۾һ߿£ˡ
ŵع˷š
ϴɾ˫ֺ¥ò͵Ĵá
dѾȵÿʼ룬һس֣ԹôҪ
æԶͳԶ
dԣϲɫŤͷͶһԵСϲˣϲˣˮ廨Ի
ȵͰľһ˫
ɩӾǺ𣿡ȵʡ
֪ҡҡͷҾ
˲Ǻˡȵ˵
ȫĺ𣿡
ȵĬ
֪ĵģ˵ôصˣֹһˣҲܰڻĽҰ⡣ڽ˳ǣǿԸջСһӣչС⩣Ǽ·
ɩôͺãҾ͵ɩҪִ·
ЦЦ˵СֲǰһѾ͹ˣչ˺Լ
ɩӶöۣݾǵĲҩŮȵ˵к룬ǸӡҪǶԵʱʾҲᱻ׽˿˺󱳡
ҪǶĻ죬ͼʲôزկɽ˹ʱҲˣҪ뺦ǣλᡣ
²ȵݽӽȻвɸ˵ܡɩӲɵġ
ãһСĵġص˵ͷ
ǵҹ˾ߡȵ˵
ôؾ
С·ԽԽաң˵ҲѳЩ뿪ҲЩʹϡ
ͣصͷ˷ȥʰ
ȵdӱûʲôص鶫ϸ϶࣬Ӻ󣬴һ˶¥
С⩵ľ񻹲ǺܺãѣȥҲûʲôθڣǿźࡣ
ʲôʱߣСʡ
ȸûӦþ⼸ɡرؾ
ĿС⩴ֲʵľϣ룬ȡԼͷϵȥ
ܺÿһ¾͸ÿˡЦ
С⩱ߣ΢΢ˡ
ſ߳˷䣬ҵջСչС⩵ʳͺҸŮÿհС⩻ҩ㹻СӦҪ
ЩػԼĿͷʰȵҹ·
ԽԽߣߵ㶨ˡ
ڿջԺʯͷ»â
һӰţŵ˳ȥ
С⩶ڿջǽ󣬴ӻͳһöźŵڵϣȻóһӣȼ˻ǡ
߾ǰСŻȴԥˡ
ͷϵһǧ
ʱˣŵӰһֻϵɫǧ򻯡
úջźŵĻӣһ̣һֻ/
Сɫһ䣬Թȥ.
źŵͻӶ˵ϡ
̧ͷȵ¹±


147 
ҹĻ, Ǽš
һһŮǽ³õضšҹ紵ǽҰݣӰڵҡҷ˵Ӱȴɽһȹ̡
ȵָ/, ʱ׼ɿҡ
ǽǵС, ڵ˭ţ
˵ʲôСڵվ, Ȼⲻ̻𣿡
ȵ̵ع˹ǣҹ, ̻ܳ𣿡
ҹ㲻ҲҳôС⩷ʡ
ûʱҲô𣿡
ҾҲȲϾȸ
С⩻δ, ȵ, ̧/Ļ
ⲻܽе֡
С⩿Ŷ׼Լļ, ˵ȸ, ǲ̫ˣǻսͰ/׼ң˶ô𣿡
㻹ûشҵ⣬ȵΪźļȵضС⩵ؿڣ˭ţ
˵, ֻ˯̻𡣡С⩲Ųæ, ںҹĵĹ⣬С¹ĹʡŹ̻ҪûŹǿһ𡪡
Сٴηܹһ֧շɹ/
ʸزǽ
Сϵɢȥ
, ֻǲҩŮȵ
ҩŮÿɽҪͱ, ֺһôˣ
ôɽ䴦Ļ/ҩ, Ҫôͣ
ʲô/ҩ
ɽϱʯ, űըĻ/ҩҡȵ۾ǸȻɽǰ»/ҩһɽ
ĿתСҲõͬӡ
Ϊʲô
ǰΪʲôȵšܸң˴£Ϊʲô𣿡
Ȼ֪ݲ㻹ҵ᣿Ͳ߻
ȵһۿƣЦҪõŷź𣿡
㲻ý赶ɱˣС¶̣һΪֻᱳͱء
Լ󿪣ͱֵץסӡοͱҲңʲôϵ
ǲǹġԼ
С⩵һһֵ¡ȵ׺ڸ˫鶯ӡ
һ˳ģޱȵĺøأ
ɱţ
СЦЦӿɲǼ
һɢɫϤԳȵһ㶡
Сץסһ˲и͵س
ȵʶɿָ/͵ССԤϵж/һ̾ű˹ȥ
/Ӱշɹ
С׽סȵĽףһѴµذײСȶȵһֲˤȥ
ʹͷǷŭȵԳϷСŭĿӣⱲӳҪڶԿ/ɵиϣ
СһϥײȵСų״̳ذף
ذױסˡ
ѪȪӿ
һһΣںɫİ˳ȧ¡
С⩲ؿűʹˡ
ȵգҲգضϸʢż䡣
ϵˣҲԼŪģʣΪʲô
ȻΪ˱ҪĶ
С⩰ʹذȴڰ䲻
൱˭ҲûѹԷתơ
ռҵıˡСЦûˣһ֮С
Цȵǣòȹذʱ˵⻰ɡ
Ķذܵ𣿡СҲ¶Ц
ΪŮӣѵе߳𣿡
Ů᲻߳ܡʲôϵС̧ϥǣײȥ
ȵ鼱֮£˫ȼסϥǡ
ϥǸܵԴСɫһ䡣
ͬõڶξͲˡȵ˵
ģʸ˵𣿡
Сڳȵ֣£ɵȥ
ȵҲһֵֵֻ
ʮУӻΣѪ
ȵ˫ֶѪС⩵ĺҲѪ
˶
СϢȵʱȵһŵſϵŮջԺڽе
ݡ
źŵյļʶ̧ͷȥȻҹһƬƽ˾ûʲôյĻ⡣
թ
ȵعһֱȭѾա
Ӳָðǣ޷Կصˤȥ
ζӿ
СҪذ׳ʤ׷ű͵ײ˳
ס֣
һ·СܵȵߣŴͷdһѪȵŵؿŲԶͬһѪС⩡
ȵڵж֮ǰѾdںصǵİΣҲdж
ȵոδ˵ĺǱʱغd̲ס˳
Ȼ϶ѪС˵øأؿ˿ڣӣǺ󱳵˿ȫ˺ˣѪ͸󱳵ѣ˳ڣһһ䵽ϡ
ȵҲһ˿ڡ
϶˵Ѫ
˶Ŀĵһʱ֪ȶ˿ڡ
㣡۸ܵܣdø첲ϵļȫȭͷС˹ȥ۸Ҫ
磡ȥȵ¿еѪ
dͣ½Ųػͷȵ
ܵûͱС˵
ְµһ鸡ĽŲеĺڰȥ
лӣһΪ췢Ⱥеأ˵կ֣Ļһ뿪ݡ
һ˵꣬ʧĺڰ
ȵվùĵһȳһȳߵڣһСµѪ
ٸߵĵĺڰһ˫ĿĽʧǽǣͨһˡ
ˡȵ
ȸҪҪȥǣȥҽݡ
ҪǣֱӴȵ˵ھߡ
ϵ˻ûؾ
ȵȳ˻Сȶϵ˻Ѫ
ˡ˵أȻͼıǱ뿪
ֲֻջҾƺɴ˽
ǰˮûȴ۲գĲѪⷭ˿㵹Ҿˡ
ȵҧ촽һԣʮָȴ߬µ档
ؾظ˴øɾɴһȦȦ˵СȶǺĽ
Ҳ˵ʲôˡ
ȻûѪԵȸѪ׵ܸܵ׵ܵܣز֪͵˳Ρdꡣ
һк˫մȵѪϱѷҲûˣˮֻʱװ
һĲˮϴ֣һǰΪԴưʧȥķԲ
ôģȻһ˹ȥ
ǰ鶼׶
ԲѽôװˣΪʲôøϵĽŵأڷԲûˣĶȥһɫãĲԼݲ裿
Ҳ뷢ˣ
ɴȵ̶һƵĲ°ɣ
dųڸ˳һӺ󣬴ӿһպùͨķ϶˳ǡ
Զɫ磬ɫѾ̫δʵȺɽŽδĲ񷣬ԶĵƽģһźڰǰǱѪڡ
׳ŽýĲյƽĵ·ϡ
dޣݳ
ôǰڵ
ŴţΪӣҲΪһʱ̬ȵϣۿǰҹɫԥߡ
ȥһ𣿡ʡ
ǡ
ؿȵϵļᶨ˿еȰ˵
˵ףǲС⩣ҲûаգС˵һȷ·
Ȼްգô˵ȵĵתһ죿
ȻδڣȵȻɣ˵һǸϿȣʧµʷǶɽ·Ϥðҹһ̫Σաһ·̺ҪɽԽ룬ʺĻ֮Χ¡ǹٵǺʮй䣬ڹš
ػǶС⩵Ļڻ
ڵУһ죬ǵû˵˵ģСҾáС⩿ûƭˡ
Ҳȵɫ
ƺʶԼ̫Ӳȵ١
ɩһ죬һҲԵġ
ˣ߹ٵԥƬ̺󣬻ҡҡͷ˵ҲеҲ̫˰ɡ
ɩӵŵ㡣ȵ˵ΪɩĴˣԲŻôϲɩӡ
𣿡ϲЦݣ˭ϲң
ϲ㣬ϲ㡭ȻҲһȵЦͷطĽַھӣ˽ɩӵģᷢĵϲɩӡ
ϲ۵ǣϲ죬ϲë׵Сһϲ鲻Խġ
ͻϲõĶ
ɩá˵
Ϊʲôô˵ز⡣
Ϊ֮ģ˵ֻд硣


148 
ٺ, ָ˵
d̵ϱ˱ȡ
磬ֲǰȵǿ߰仯ûϵȵڳϵֱһƬϦ
·ͣõdߵ𵢸, Ͻ¡ǻҪ·
֪, ֪ˣˣdͷ
ʯͷ, ƽͷλûһֳִֵߡ
ԹԵ񡭡
ٻµڶϸߡ

ǵݵߡ
߶ȸȸ
̾˿һߡ
ʲôʱܳԴ氡
ϸ߰Բͬߺ޼ݳǰ
һߣҪ˯ŵһ˹۾, ָպˮֻһηϷͼôƬ̴ͼʧò, εη, һֻ¸ҽеѼӡ
Ҳ֪ˡ̲ס
Ϊ˻飬³ȣµġȵ˵˵׼, ǵͷصʱ, Ѿȵء
ҪͺˡЦ, þûͷ, Ҳ֪ϵĴˡ
ڳd˵̸Ҳһ䣺ӱ˲֪
һûһţؼеͷԽʻ
˵Ҳ, 񾩳ǵļ, һСľͻȵţʺͷ򷴶ǡ
ͷ, ͺ޲ܲϳɻȥ
ñˣطˣdȻ˵ؽ
һ, d˵ġñǹеݶէһмǴ೯ԱĹñ
ڹǰͣ£dŽ˵ȵԼԼ˳
߽Ĺ䣬ڿһˣֻа/ŷ׵ĳʣ϶һ㱡Ļҳƺһʱûдǽ¥¥ݱߣһССıһɫĹҤңһѾɵġ
һСģӻŵشӺԺ˳ķٻġ
λǴ⻹סꣿ
סꡣȵd֮ǰ˵Ҫȴһˮ
СͷУСȴȥ¥᷿
ʵڲ鷳ˮɡȵֵ
ȵķҲƽȴ߶Ƚ״Ŀɨ¥¥
ҲУǿ͹ԵȣС͸ˮСתͷ߻غԺ
һ£ȵͱɫ
ߡ
׼һʱָߣȵdԣһת
˿첽߳䣬صͣĵطȴһƥɫڵϣѪһصľ
飡رһ
ҪȵһѣѾֱֻʣ΢ȥˡ

ۣ
ʲôʲôԹΪʲôҪ޹֣
͹ټʲôˮˣôţܵˣ
ǰġСЦеشӴ˳
ݶϣ¥õ׺Ȼ֡
ǻؿˣеƴֻһ
Ĳˣһûأһ⣬ò˵Ӵ˴Ӵ߳ʮ˵ˡӣãƫšºˣ˻û϶¥Ͱ¶ˡ
ĶµСҪǻ˴Сż̤ͱܣСݵ˵ˣһΪڶ¥˶̫Բűܵأ
ಡ
һ֧ƿնȵżǰ紦
ĻȰ㲻ҪС
С⩣ؿųڶ¥Ӱ̲סе
СѾˡ
ؽȹѾҲ֪Ӱȡ֮ǽ¼ɫڡϵ£СѾǱ׼ɴ硣
Ȼ㡣ȵճС⩣ɫһ㺮·\ֵûм
˺ˣȥһ˱ˡֵѼӷˣָ˭ȥĴ˵˸Ѻ
ǣ
һһת䣬ҲȫװСආ˴á
ǿͣɡĴһ̬º󣬴󷽷һ̯֣ʾؼ¡
ݵǸҲ˵վŶ۰˵ǲǣƤЦؿأСˡ
ȵɫһǰ
С졣
ˡݵǸ̨ܻϧ񰡣ⶼȳŻأ
ñĻƨޱС⩴¥ɫԴŴʧѪĲ԰ףȻôĶ֪
С֪ĸˣ治סݵ˰ٵЦһΪͲöȿˮǺء
زؿС⩡
ȻװҲ͹𣬴˿̺ῴɣ֪Ů֮
С⩱ܿĿ⣬ɫ䵭
ҪܺȿˮǺҲûʲôá˵
ʱ˵ģС㣬С԰׵ġȥ갡
ۿ˾Ҫ˿ڵСǶ˵䡣ô˵ҲǴ˹ͷŽֵܣʲôǵһĳԹ
ºͣƺڴԲͶȴųľ棺⻹пأ˼Ц
תµȵ
ôнǲẦǵǵ
ȵЦǻǶлˣϣгһգҲܾǵ
Ͳ֪ͼˡ󻢻֪ĳһذ˰֡
ұ׾࣬͵ͽ󻢲ʣֱ۸ϥϣͷԺѳԵĶסϣҲҪԵģ
СܺǱȽ죬Сͣ
С⩡˳СȻڸڷϣѥʣ̬ǶжԵķ
Ǽû·ضҪƭ˹ȥ
һڣǾͻѪӿˡС˵
Ǿͻɡȡһ֧ȣװģشȣ˵ǿ֪ݾижկķկ
ȵƳС⩣֪
һ֪կķկиƽɽկܺƽƽһգǣƽɽկˡ
һǰƽɽկͶկһңһ磬ƽɽկĶҳȥŻڵĶկ˵ǶկĴ󵱼ңƽɽկկ游øĶӵġ
ȶ˵կĹϵǰѾһòˡ
ô˵ԶԶ˵Ĺϵ˵Ҫ˵£òǰһ˵𡪡
ۼҪ̵ãϵС⩴˶Ļ
ƽɽկկǰһѪƴУկһز񣬴˵ܳŲˡСԼկǣ˭öկϴ˭һεƽɽկկ
ƽɽկկʲôϵ̲סʡ
𡪡ؼüŪۣĸȥƽɽկկмʮӣǶֻΨȨΪһկˡ
غȵһͶһԳĬС⩡
dʼ⣬Ŀӷû뿪ڳĴ󻢡
Եô㣿
һ㶣֮Ӧô͵أ
Сආܿŵdǰ
dֵŲŲƨɣִ
԰ֵܣ󻢴
dָһĿȵۣ˻ȥ
ԡ鲻Ը۾̺⣬ҾͿ
̫ϧˣأ󻢼һ͹ʮĺ⣬Žھ׽dֱؿţ¹Ͳֱ׵ˮ
ҪöկԿǸʲôȵʡ
ȻΪկ˱ʴ󵥣ҪǸɳƱǾбɷǡ
ʲô󵥣
֪һͽǵͷ
һֵ㳲ȵ˵
һȻٴδȣζЦгģһƽ𡣡
֮󣬴š
ʶҲסˡ
һƽ
ڴ೯ǹһƷһٺ»ҲһٰʮоΪʲôŻһƽǵͷ
ǳǰûذɣ
ǻ֪˱飬¶ɫ
֪ʲôȵʡ
Ǻô磬еŮļױһƪϭˡ


149 
ĶŲпֵʱ, ʯҲذ̯λпŵʱ򣬶Ųпȴշ
һͷҵӸһпڵ¥, ۷˾ŵǰһͷϵŲпڷ, Ҫȥĵط
λֵܣǰһڵ, ܲͨͨڣ
УǷ֪˵ڰ¡Ҳͨڡ߰, ڸ
һۻ, ϣ˿ûлء
شͳö, ֱС
ⶫĺҪҽȥһ, ûҵϳ, λֵġλҴԶķϣһæɣ
г, ࿴һۡ
һ˵һ
ǣֻһ˵, λʵڲ, ҸĵطҲǿԵģǶ˵׼С·ϡ
ת¥ľ¥ȥ
㡣
һھ¥ſͣظһ˵ĽŲһ˵ľ¥
˿տĶ¥, ߿һȽյ᷿, ˵һʱ䡣
лֵܡسһȭ
뿪, ز󿪵᷿ƿٽֵĸդ
֪ʺĴ֣צ̳ڿĲпֵϡ֪Ѿ˴룬ֻһ֣ǿǱ
ûӲп˷ʺĴдÿһͨ˴·ڣһƪߵϭġ
ŤŤֵϭͨƪõһܽ᣺
֪ȢΣвȢҵļױˣ˻㣬֮ܣѼĳհٱ
ǡ֣ټһڼªķڸѼų򿴲εͼ
ؽɢڲпڸֵڵĺкת뿪˾¥
¥µ۱ȭлضһһҿڵ
һ⽡˵
ա
ϰӦֽ֮غܿһڵ⽡
ƹģһ֮롣ƳһЦи񱣬ϲ·ϰʶ㣬ܷģ
ʱѹòʱ䣬ֻһˡϰ忴ϵֱۣӲ֪
͹˵ʲôϰһֺõЦţһСؽսڡ
ز÷ľײ˲ϱ͹⡣
˶õˣ
С꣬ҵͬλʮꡪǼҴ̣үү̫үү⽡
֪סһ򸾣
ϰɫһ䣬ɿƳһۡ
͹ʵĶ򸾣ס򸾿ɶˡ
Ȼ֪˵һԡ
⡭ϰһΪѡ
֣һ
ϰɿ˹ȥؽ˺޵׶
֪Ȼ֪ϰ忴˿ܣѹеĽ֪ͣŮɻڴƷ١Ůģ򣬽ʲôҲ֪⽡
˵˵
Ͱ
ʵŮӡ
ϰһĺף˵ȥʮɣ֪ʲôȥС㻹ɣҲ֪ٻĴˣôȢŮӡСϢ˵ǻʳǹʱӳĹŮ㲻׽عİɣ
ЦӳĹǧǧ׽ǹˣ׽ȥ
ϰûвֻ棬˿ǾͺãǾͺáǸˣַھӶϲٻҲǧ˳һڼҼįר˸ͱС˶ٵĹչ
˭
ɱĴŮҪǿʱܿæ⡣ֽֿʣ֮ǰ˻ڵʱٻͰ뵽ϴչӡ˵Ҳ֣ӣԼһϲͨѲɹĹŮҲרչˣ
رܶ𣬼ʵбʲô𣿡
ġĺûʲôˡŶˣȥýŻ˵Ҫδ飬˵ýһ̤ż
ϰʾ֭˵ĶЩûʲôõĶ
ʣ㿴Ƿ޵ĸΣ
ʲôΣϰһͷˮͦõİû˺
ûпܣǼٷޣ
ʲô˼ϰŴ졣
ãӶΣӶɷ̬𣿡
ǻм٣ϰԥǰûµʱ˭˶˵Ƕޣᡪ
˶٣ɨܣȷ͵̸С
ᣬΪӣٶˡмΪŮˣҪǵ˾ˣ֪Ůµļױ
ױ̧ôණô˾ߵģ
ƤӾˣ߱ˡ
ϰ˵£˵ͣͣȵ¶ɻ󣬲ż
Ҳ˵ģƽվͺ̾򽻵һõͼ۳ȵҹǰͷͱίߣԼһˣںͷ͵հļױġ˵ͷʳʵĲ࣬кֹضûͱͽ˶ߵľ綼ҪɢˣҲûֻý˸СѾͷһңȴ֮زز֪һüһ¹һ󶴣һͷֱͨԺ⣡
ϰ˵һ˷ܣ֮ҹǱӵĲͣԼһ
ҲʶԼ˷ܣɿһ±飬˵
żµС㵱ҪԾιȥû˹˵Ϊпڵ鱻˷֣ص˶ȥˣ
ڴҶ֪֪ѹˣưٻȢˣҳΪЦ֪һҹз磬ڻڴء
Ҳ֪ʲôϣôϴҲϴֻʯͷһ˵ȥпڿûһ˵пڶÿӿݣΪǷ飡øЩһҪʮڰЩֵʯͷȫڵ
Сʧױһգµ֪үֱ˷磬ǳ˵ǿŤĹϲŻºֹ𰡣ֱ˿ϰ̾¶ôҲ֪ճͳΪ֪үϱʱ˭뵽սأ
㿴νġˡˣ
شӻͳһĳߵĻչëèŮԾȻֽϡ
ϰһƣϵ
ɿϸˣü
ȻϸˣСĻûۻ軨͡ϰֿһۣ϶ȥ϶Ҳ㣬ٰˡ
֪ȥ˺δ
Сһˣô֪Щ顭ϰҡҡͷΪǱݻˣҲʧˣȥĵط˰ɡ
Ĭ
˴ӵ¡ΪʲôϰСؿء
ҸոʵĻɡ
طľףϵĳ뿪̡
Ʈ͹һδ
ǹˡϰֹŶɸɾ⽡
ضĽŲӴǰϰ̧һɫŻŵ⽣ٽֵδҴȥ
һӽŲʿӵϵĺڼ׽ʿڵֵ̤˺̷׷ױá
Ľ쵽լڵĽֵڱ㷭һ·ֱլĴš
ãһɫ㷲š
챻˴Ժ鷿ṳ̂ţŵŨŨҩζ
鷿һƬƲѾС˶ֽ
ңŴϵ
ͷڴϵбۿߵض˶
֪վڴߵĻæ
֪
ŻصҾѾƽɽһ˵ʱɲ򣬵ѱʲô仯볹׽˳ǣ»֡
бۣһᣬ˰֡
Ļ˵һ֧仨ˮİܼ֮ȮˣǧδСˡ
һȺ޶Ƿβܣո֮Ȼǧȭ辡ǣ¿׼ҽ
ڴϣһ
ĻŵҪ٣
࣬һǧԣ»˲һ޽£š
Ļźͽ춼ŴϵС
зıòбԭŵױа׺ݣб۳쿴ʱɱĺҲܿĿ⡣
ͷǴеߵָֻٰ֣ĻſڵԣֻԼ취
ΪΣ켱̧ͷ
ֺ࣬ҲǮ޽ǺһǧԼ棬ＯɹǧȻ־
ҡǧһɫ
ٴαۣһ˿ͷ
ˣ޽һòżһҲµġӢϾҪפݣʱ˭ݰգĻɫºͣȴȻѾ˵ˣǧȻȥɡ֪農»ٻġ
Ļŵǧвȴֻˡ
ǧ߳լͷŸĴլԺʮûǮΪʲô
Ϊһ֮𣬾Ȼø±Ҳˣ£ָεֵ
լ뷿ʫӽһڴϣƺһޡ
̶գѿֽ
ˣֻϻˮĺۼ
ⱲǲǶˣ
û˻ش
ſŵĴˣûһ˲Ӹ


150 
أ
ƽɽկе֪ݷº, ѿڶ
ôһǮҪھԺֵ̯
ȵҪ, û߳ݾҪ׷ɱ¡
мֱ¡ϿȵĻ˵ͷһת, Ǻûʲôϵб£Ҳ
ʲôȵʡ
ǻƽɽկ˵üҸֵɽĳɹǷģʱ, ǲôġǰؼĻ
һСආӹ˽˵ү, ү, үһˣ˵ѱˡ
á󻢷磬ЦϿ, ǻؼң
ļ׼£һб׼, ɽûд֮, , һǰ
زڳ, ȵһѺ
ƿһŴ, ĸ乭, ɷɽӳ

ĬĬ˳
˴Լһʱ, һϵ·رߵ£һʱȴȥһԵȵ
㻹ҪҪٵ
û£ɩӡȵ˵
ػǰԼȵ¡
ˣһ˿ھͲˡ
лɩӡȵǣЦЦ
̤ͣŶԻһƮ˽
СܣûҪҪҲȥ
绹Ƕ࿴Լµ·ɣԷһСС˵
ҪûСʹӣ᲻С
ù˺ˮᱻǺܻãÿĺܳá
쵽ɽկˣһ㣬õʲôġ˵
ЦֻǼֻҪ粻ϴ͵͵״˭֪ɽ˵أ
ԩˣϴǲѰΪӣɶԵ˵أ˵ˡɲֹǼ
ǰ˵ֻдõĺô࣬ӵҲֻܴӴõȷʵֹǼ
С⻰˵ġ
ųò˴Ż棬֪ĵͣˣƽĴ·һ󣬡һͣ
ɡ
Ŵⱻ˴򿪣ǰͷĴ󻢷
һ͵ɽկųǰ
¥ɢѲߵӰļʸڼƴһľ׮棬һ˹һ­ͷȾѪļͷ­ͷնۿﴩʱ޿̲ɢѪȲϢ
شûƣûʱţȵˣd£òΣǿѹź£򶨵طȵ
˱ȵЦſС⩡
СܣҲ˵ĲᣬҪҪ㣿
СĶȷЦе绹ߺԼ·ɣµһѹ㡣
С²УҲλ̨пܡСԵdСλ̨ߣԽС˵Ůء
СҲȲò绨С⩲ŲæòŮװҲǸ
ͬǲʹţĶС⩡žһȣɫѿ˵˭вŮأ
ʲôʱ㲻вŮˣС⩾ȵ۸ˣ
Ƕˣһᵽ˵ǰǲǸΪӣҪТġһ⣬է׺ٿϸ֥ԲƵĸڴװģشԲ
ֵܡһԱɣദʽʵǺֵر
ؼ˵ѵܹٿˣĴš
һ߽ɽկźСආСǰ
үôţ
һ߷һ󻢿أŮȣҪסıߣ
ҪסܵܵǱߡ˵
ǿɲС˵ҪǺ£ҿӹҹ
/ЦûЦ꣬һֱӰȷɡ
סˣԹ۵ҲסˣأҲһʱûӦ
У˵ˣҹֻŮ˺ˣһֱûʲôӦdǴʲôأֱлսʱӣŭĿԲɣɱڵ㣬ڲУȻ㣡
˵ֻһţdӲԡ
Ȼ֪ԶŻĴ󵨵վdԱߣһ˵⵽˺Ķ
һյĶؿdһѪӱǻ˳ҲۿɼٶѸ͡
ô죬Сһǣ¶ʱɻˡ
ɵվŸʲôɱɱ
󻢰סعĶߵආǻ˻֡
Ÿ˴ߣһ˸ҿˡɫһתҪˣǵͷ¾ƣ
СආսսӦˡ
ۼ˾Ҫֿdȭͷһغȵǰһŭ𣺡׼ֿǣ
ǰǰǰ֮ûСආðȻǰ
߾ųߵdְԲŭȫνᣬӾ޴һʱ䣬Ҳ¶˳صɫ
˽ʱС⩿ڵȥϱߣһһڵԺӿ
ආվŲ
룬˵˵İ졣
ආǵõɣж
ܹڵĵطѾ㣬ҪҲ̫ʵȵӦҲͬ뷨õĽ󣬱ʵʵආǰ
һֱΪֱȵƵýĵʱСĸһҲſ˫ۻȵǰආɫ

λߵϺȻ˫ںڵб޷Сආֲһʱԭء
СǷӵĻ𣿴Ӳأٲ˿⣬СܱѿҲû˵ʲôǰɣСܣ˰ûþۣ׳ɰͷ˵
粻һҲ͹ܺԼ졣С⩲Ը󱳵ˣ
û£ɩӡȵ
ػǻǰؿΧආ
û˸ǰȵˡһԵd˸ǰ
󱻷ֱؽһԺӣΪܷ˵ǻûа廨ֻȵdǰలһආء
ȻķǰŸආءҲ㹻ѷˡ
ͲӰֻܿǽǣ͵Ժſආ̸
꣬Ҫиˡ
ʤĻǴүǶү
˭֪أҵƫԭµĳӣүڴ˵Ķӣ˵׼
үһ˵үˣֳõϲûӮ档
õ˵ҶſǴүʤǶүأ˭оǽӶù
ǰԽСˣ˵˼һڵүĺүΨף˭̨ˣǶù
ضеĻûͣһʱԺֻмž
¸߸ңضȣ»˸ƣӰڵССһš
һ̾Ϣһ˻˸⿪ڵүǴˣҹ֮ûˣ֪δá
תԼϣæ䡣
ȻȥǮˣһ˺ԥ֪ƽǵͷĸǿһƽⱲӶûôӣ
ɽϵ˶û˵ɽֲֹôүǿǣԭֵһӡ
Ȼеɽ˵ĶԻ
ʶķȥ߸ߵԺǽߣȴסԺ֪˵ѿڶ
ٵѡˣ


151 
ƽɽկٵ֮ʱ, ڳ䶨
կһ뻶ϲһǡ
ӮҺͷļȮ֣Լҵ㡣
һҹ, עӿ
˵ģ˿ȴҪˡ
С⩹Ժ룬ԽյկԷбڵϵӰһ
һ, ǰôֵĵط, ھٵ֮, Ѹɢ, ˿̺һʼҪžˡ
֪˶ãõʼ, ΢΢ʼ, Էڴˡ
һʮһĻС˴첽߳, ԹڵϵС˵ү, կȥ
С⩹̫, ʱһ, æֵ
һȳһȳ߽Է
˼, ͣԷ, Ϊ̸غŷ
, Сһιȥ
ֻιĲǷţһˡ
ް߰ףԵկڴϣ䵭ؿǰС⩡
Ϊʲôߣ
Ҳ
Ϊʲô
ҵ, Ҳƽɽկɽµ, Ǵ˱ҵ, ڹǵҲҡС˵ٵ֮λģҡ
կ޲ûʲôþġ
ĳźСڣ
˵öԣûʲôþҵġеĶŬҵġ
Ϊ˵õۣźףϱưáҲûһ䡣ÿҴӲĻ۵ĻֻҪǶɽկģʲôԸɡ
ˣҲûп佱ҡһΡ
ʲôֵģΪʲôʲôԸ࿴һۣеʱԼɣǲǺ˵һͱҰ֣Եš
δԲҡկ䵭ıڳһ˿ѷ졣
С⩳׷ʣǵΪʲôϲң
կĬС⩿Σ˵ôˣһǲסǲϲңǲϲϲңôҲŲô꣬ϲôգϲңһûĸױӻͯôƽϲΪҪµذӶկȢߣ
̫ˡկ
С˵Ϊشҵ⣬ҵŻԽԽࡣ
կɫĮȥʰʰȥ˷֧һǮձ뿪ɽկɡ
ҪߣСɫ䡣
ٵѾѡˣû˴󻢣պλҲǶΣ㡣㻹ߣŵȱ𣿡
ҪΪ룬͸ѡٵңûɽկ·
ҾΪ룬Ҫ㾡뿪կȻŭŭС⩣󻢶ûӡѵѾԼ𣿣
Сһ㶣կĻһ룬еơ
ĺ©˽ȥ
ճ𤣬˵ʲô
Ϊûҵڣɽկô𣿡կŭһΪƾԼܻһ
С⩾ˣ㡭һֱ֪
һŮӣſ幤ȴƫƫҪһϸߵͣ㻹Ҫҿ佱𣿣
կ˵üˣһʱͿŲ԰׵ϸһĨѪɫ
ֱһģӡģ
Сƿԡ
կ˼˵㻹ǵʮ꣬ĻĶ𣿡
ǵá
ƱϽ߰ɣҪٻˡկ˵ʱ˻˻ÿ˵һ仰˻ҡҰˣ֮ǰ㡭жԶ߶Զȥ顭ӡҪٵˡ
С⩺е
կһŭ𣬴С⩵СŭĿӵҪٻˣ
ɽկһȥ
Сһ󣬿կҲ
ͷկһУǰǸܽݡ
կ
ȥˣկͷ
ԿԹڵϵС⩣һǸүɡ
СһȻկҲûпһۡ
ò뿪
ǰعˣկһۣǻָĮĲ
ʮĮһ
ˣŬὫɽկԭ
֪ŮΪʲôʼնûв
С⩴վ⣬ô̧뿪
֪˶ãﴫһ͵͵̾Ϣ
δԲҡֻǲҰˡ
̫Ʈ죬ʧֻ֮һλ
կĻԣɽ׽ļսս˵ͦˡ
ٵѡϲ»ûüأƽɽկͼһµ
󻢸յһٵҾͼΪ󵱼ңڣҲزס۵Ĩ⡣
ΪչλߵĿݣЩվӵˣǰʹկȨͷһկķ²Щȱ첲ȵ˻صկѾвˡ
ôҲ뵽ûյϵͿ첻ˣҪôͼβͣԶʹһͷҪôֻĶկկһŻǸɴķ
뷴λԺݵ߻

˶կȥ֮ƽɽկֱ
կӿΪжĴ󻢺ͶȴһƬѵܹСۿڸ׵Ĳǰ޳һš
կãɽаһӦȫֻһߣܴ
Ϊ˶ռТĺկԺĵڶҹ󻢾ͽǸϳկߡ
Ȳ߳ԺȾͿʼ֣Сװһ·
կＴͷ죬ǲȵʱĴرƽΪиСǽݶϢص˵Ժ
һŴڱ˿ڵʯͷƫĿĵأڻδִԺϵʱˤ
СڰշֱأôסŴμصĺơ
ҹģ̻𣿡һͷ
С⩸һ̧ͷ˵ľ͵ĺ
ԺﴫŶ΢ŵʡ
ȸոʲô
С⩸Ҫڣľļͷһ˾Ƥ⣬ȵĶʾѪߣͰһЩ
ɩӣû¡ֻݶõˡȵɫ䣬˵ȴ紺档
С¶̵Ц
ӣڸԺɶͷԣﻹк𣿡
ȵС⩣ЦɽϣӲУúܣ˴͵ʲôᡣɩҲҪСģ˺ӵĵ
СÿĲݶ
ȵͬÿͻش𣺡ôҵݶ
С̧Ҫײȥȵз˼вһβ
Ա˭Ҳκβ˭˲ϴ⣬û˿ı䡣
ȸǱ߾ʲôصǵͣǽߣȵһԶԴԺǽ޲ߵӡ
ɩӣû¡
ô£ôˣԺŵСආԵĴŴţǳȥ
ȵһʱиСڵһػɡ
կŲա
ȵٴζǰСһ˵
һ취뿪ɽկ
ȵڣСһŵԺᲱʹԺǽһֻֽ
һ䵽Ժǽ⡣
˭ŵСආ
СүѲˡúÿˣ
ǡǡСһǡСආЦ
ŲԶȥԺһΰ
ȵҪݣһġȸͣ½Ų
عͷ԰ƹǽϣŬس֡
ɩӣǸʲôȵѹ첽ߵԺǽ£ôģ
ҡҲǽġ֧Ų̫áص°͸ǽϣ±Բ˫ԲԲۣ·һС˺üꡣ
ոں˭˵ؼѵҶˡʲôӣС𣿡
ȵǰС˵Ļظһ顣ȻʡȥٴζֵС
ͨ͵ԺСආ̸Ѿ֪ɽկѡٵҵ顣
СҪ뿪ɽկɫӡ
𣿡ؿ
һɩҵģһΣɩӵġȵͷﴽ¶һ΢ЦɩλҪ𣿡
ԥá
˵ĵǺԵɵģеʱ֪еֱԺηʱǺģʱȴǷʮֹģͺñȡŮӶΪδ޺磬ÿÿվߣܵĶֻк⡣
ûɣÿ񾭶ڽҪԶˡ
Ҳ֪ԼĵǶǴ
ҲͬĵУӳ󣬸ֵӦ͵Ļ
κԥɫڰ
ڵ
ãȵЦȻˣҲһء

衣
ɽҹ紵ïܵɽ֣
ƽɽկɽµһôϣһգһŵţɵɷֲ洦
ϣĸ̴ϸһơ
ͶɽԼԼŹĲt⣬һ³ŵҰݡ
ġ
ҿӵˣͱѼĳ͡


152 
ڶһ, صķžͱˡ
Сආе
ֻ˯˰޾ɵȵݣͷϵĽ, 򶨵߳˷š
嵶СආվԺؿ⻹СආӰСආļе߳СԺ󣬸ڵȵdҲСආĿ߳Ժš
ȵˣƽɽկҲʳɢֺdһɺҩŵ˯գֱ类˽, ˯شŹǷ
ǰͣһСվڳǰɫļ£һɵģ
ǵָС˵һ㡪ǽ, ɱڻ֮ǰ܆
СආǷ׷Ӧǡ
ŲʣһСආֲڵ
ֱŵġ, Ӱʱ䶼Ҫѣÿ
С⩶СආһŽſذ˫֡
С⩵ĶƴֱҲƺܽ, ֻֻ֪ǿơ
ϵװʹü, dҲƭ, ԭ׺Ȼŭ׼۸
d֮ǰ, СʶȤɿص֡
ˣϳʲôС
˽ϳ, һҡ, СҲԾ˳
, ǸϽԭĸλȥС˵
үһѺͣ᲻Ⱑʡ
СңС⩹ŭ浱ûˣ
СôСүСආæⲻǣҲûѺʡ
ʻʱɽկš
͸СආǽԶȥ
ӳȥˣ̲ס
ȳɽկ˵⻰ɡȵϾɫ
d˸Ƿ
طϽһ˿Ҳûˡ
˯ҡdۿˮ¶һ˿ίı飬춼ûأҪȥĶ
ذ̣ȫ˾˯
һҡһΣǰ
dԴһһ㣬ۼҪײϳʱһͣ
СڳͿɽկŵС佻̸
үȥĶʲôˣ
կȥʻ𣬳ϴδʡ
үСĿ
Ƭ̺ſˡ
Сɨһ۳ᣬֻүһѺͣ
ȻֹСȻҵɽµźһϡ
С䲻ɿ˷Űϵ֣˿һȻǾ͡
ȵȣ
ԭõƱͻȻĳҧơ
ҡȣЦŴһ̧˵ĲϱdһճͻڣʱԵΪЦ
СⲻҪȥĶѽ
صĶˣС⩻治ɫŲæҷկ֮Ѻȥݽͽ𡣡
կԲˣ˭
ȻկǰµС˵Ϊ˷֪կѡٵҺ̸ֺһء
կҪȥͽ£ôҴδկ˵
Ȼ̸ûʲôֵģѵͬһ£կзԸͬȥ𣿡
կһѺˣΪͷ۲ɣ
˭˵һˣô֪կûзָկľݵ㣿
ָˣɫ
͵ȵˣȥʵɡС˵
ÿ⣬С⩶ӦԵõ
ۼһʱ˵µ˵ǣСĵع˹֣Ȼû£Сܾһˡûͽկһϲ˵ˡ
һȣɽկŵආǲֱӶС⩶ֻ֣һţ˫ִţס뿪ɽկıؾ֮·
ʲô˼Υկ֮С⩳
СĪšȣЦеѾа취կˣأҲǧȥͽˡ
ʲô취
󻢵ƾ˻ͷһ߰˸ŴԺɫݣɶڶСϴת
ˡҡҡȣЦСܸոջ˵Ҷ˷ҿŵޣﻹûļ䣬羹ȻܴĶ˷
կΣ´󻢾ǰ϶εҡǲ׺͵Цʧԭڼɵɫļӳ£Եøն
ֲկǱ˵կӴųŴҴҸ˵ʲôˡѪֵܣα˿֣
ѵǣǶСǼˡԲԵع˹֣˵ҺСֻ˼䣬˵ԶСܶһ˾Ѽֵƽ˴ߣҶʼ䣬ΪկĴҺô
ɳӰ䰵ʾСҪͽ
󻢼̬˷룬ȻҪ뿪ɽկˡ
زɿȵĮĵؿڳϿ֣һ㶼ΪȥɽկļһԵdأɴϺ˯
˵ĵ棿Ҫһȥͽ𣿡󻢿С⩣Ŀ塣
ٵС⩹ع˹֣Ƿկ֮˴ȥݻȡͽ𡣴ǲţɻͷţկ֮ǰȷʵСңСɽҲм֣Ż´࣬Ƕ˵Ķ·
ٵּȡ˴󻢣ɺСһȣȻġֻկԲѣ˵ͦѹأҪиһСֻ⣬Ǳ޳Īǵȼ˵ɡ
Ҹող˵а취կСһЦݣ粻ʶҵʲô鵤ҩ
կϲϵıţȻܿϵĲԸһϵТе׷ʵҪկôЩ˵ܣڹˣɲΪ֮ķ϶կ尡
ֵܣ䰵طâֺظԷʹӣ˺йĶǵӡ
ؾȻҲܲܳȥ£֪Ϳýζԣһ˿С
òȻӣȻ֮ͬ
֣ҽΪӭλ鵤ҩڼ֮ǰҲðȻ
ҵҽʡ
ҽҲˡ˵һλķظɮ;ƽɽ£ñҵ֪̽ͨ󣬿ɹͨأ˵ؾб֮ˡ
󻢴ĻЦܣĪλˡܴ͹ͽȡɣ
磡ҵʲôɵˣѵᱻְϷƭ𣿣ǲţ˵ٶҲãȸɮˣ
ʣ˵ĸɮʲôط
δ䣬Բկ
һϤŹٻ˵
ڴˣ
ϵһһʶկ
ģȣͷϵžŸ̵ţɽկ⡣
Ȼ˺ῴУǺһʹ飬ţ
ţͣ˲ǿ°ɽҲ˵úܣɶ˵ɶӣ˵Ͻ·
һȣŸԲ졣
ؿȶ˵Ѽͷвɢ
ѼˣͻԶ


153 
ţ, һһ߽ɽկ
ٵңүѺţĸСආһţʦѾ
ţʦĸزһû
Լؿ˳, Сתͷ, ¶̽
εһЦ
ţķţĸĺУʵ, ¶źɡ
ĺ꣬зĵطҹ鴦, û˹̶ҵĵطţ
ҽʡ
ţͷֵһ, ֵһᡣ
ţʦ, ˶ˣһǫûõġֻǴĿ, ˳ɽһ죬Ȼɽկʲô, ǻȱоĺС, в
յĹӡţ˵
ûֹʲôü˵ʲô
˵ɽò£һûɫûƣǽʲôţ, һίӡ
ţʦ, , , Ϊ˾ȼҸһŵҡ, ǷŲǽһʤ߼ֻҪʦҵתƽɽկл
üͷһ, ϶Ļ¾͸ý, Ķʲôβˡ
δ, в񶨶ţ
ţʦ, , κμֲ㣬Ҫ¶һ֣ķڷȻ㣬ͼ˼Ҹ棬Ҹ棬;ȲȲԶɽ
ɵ˵Цû˻һ˵вЦ
ƨࡪţͷһŭ
ȻԶˮȥ
˶ıӰҲӳ̽ͷŵعעһһ
ţˮһ֪˭תһһ
߸˸ŸϹжһʮ߸֪Ϊʲôж𣿡
˭Ҳ֪ǲǶһʮ߸ز֪
ڳ˶ãȻؿţˮ
пףΪͨɢͲǴˮĶԲŻᡮˮһաҪҾһΣˣ/¡͸ǿˮɿһС
˶ǣóܲͷԼˣǶЩģûдϡ
أ˶̨ʣͷҲܴܲˮֻ֪ʲôβˡ
Ҳβˣֻ
ţվֱ壬е
峺ĳˮˮлε͸ĶۣܿľǸ۶Щ۶ˮȴεһβ©
ؾŴ죬ΧȺҲ
ɫ𾪣á
±٣ҴӲ׳֡
ţһŲ档ת˲Σ·ָֻǰǸͨˮﻩȾţµأʪĲЬ
ţ˫ֺʮģرӷ𡭡
˵
һСආǰСĿţɫԺ˫ֹؼ˵ϵСŻصǰ
һץ۾˺һҲûߡ
ˣʲôϷŵؿţ
ţõüͷڵһ𻷻졣
ҲϷҪǲţھͷ뿪һϡ
硪ӣڵҪţʦɾûܾȵ˵ˡ
¶һ˿ԸĿ֮£Ҳ˵ȲãֻøѼϼܣ鲻ԸǲǴʦڻʸѵҪկһϸ𣿡
ֲԸģҪʱʣΣֲҡţĴüͷ壬ʶ֮ǰǲҲϵþƺòˣиĵط
ǴͲܣˡһЦʦӢ
С⩼ֳԺޣƨġ
ꤣկȥ
֮ף֮ףţȻɫָҪϵˣկȻͦҹ
ȻɫկǰסСආѳ£
СආһѷӿѺò׿ĵ·ٴζ
Ļᱻ裬Сȵţŭͺ¿ں˵˵ʲô
˲ڿţ°һ·һ˲ΪԼɷǵĵʿ֮ԼǺУ˳ؿģ⳵һկķˮͱ䡣Ȼǳܸıƽɽկ˰
СͱһʱˡͽʲôʱУҪǵ尡
СɫԽѿԭվƬ̣Ȼתȥ
ȥʲôе
ҷկ֮ȡͽ˭ң
СޣۼҪǿͻɽկء
УһС
С޵Ϊͣ
ҪֹС⩣һȵ
ҡ
źͳǴ󿪵ġ
ڸע£ۿ⡪ߵġ
Ҫޡ
Ϥ̨߳ܺ˺һ졣
ôҲ벻֮껹Ŀ˵һ仰ʱ
йСôҲ߲ˡ
رéȵdͻԺӣƽɽկֵصţʦתɽկ͵ľӢá
ܣţʦôʶģʡ
ֵͬһ֮ƣ˭Ҳ뿴ĳռơ
䱸صֵܣţеŶȣţǰĲˮ
󻢷ʺ󣬶ûڣţ޵³еĲҶ޷޲ƽؿˣ
ҺСɲʶ·ϣĪͱǰɽˣ
ʦ˵⻰˸ˣȣԲԵɽģ˺ʦֺʦҵһƬİ
ô֪ţʦģʡ
ȻǶ෽ŵ֪ţʦλɮĵ̾˿ΪկⲡĶϱˣկĺöˣ磬Ҫ񡪡
ɳӰĴɫݡ
һתڹ򲻸ˣҵţʦţʦȻȻҲò֮˻Ȼ
ֲɣպþһ˰ˣȽҲǲΪġ
ţ¿տҲĲ豭³ƬҶ
ϵĵڶ֮Ϩ
˰ѵơ
󻢻δ䣬ţָϨĵоһ
ȼҡҷ
ĿɿڴֽкãС⩽üͷ
ʦȻ湦򣬾ȻֵܿƣʦҲϲ޲ڵ
Сҳݡţǫ
ʦЩʦλߣСʡ
ҲǻԵɺϽʶһλʿˣķţţпֵƺˮķҲҴѧġ
֪λ߿зţ˵Ҳһأ
˵ʿˣզзŴţĵ˴һۣٻٴαš
û뵽Ц
޷ţȴԺš
ţ˸ӣܸӣ׷ʵԺʲô
һλԺšʿ

űڳéվ˰Σʲôû˳
Сආ̬ȴֱؽϻԺӡ
һżʹ˸硣
֡
û簡
ͷһۣСආĻᣬԺš
һֺֻȻ̽ס졣

ػɢƴ
С
Ϥػ֮ߡ
͵ת
һ˼ҹ漣һ
ǣͷԵ
ϣˡ


154 
, ææͽݺ˷š
㼱ʲôֲɵʹǰһһ, ؾ͵֮䡣
.
˫ȿסص, °ͣϸϸ˸顣
, ǲˣ
ûݣغ
˹ĿƵؿ㿴ûݡ
صһҪԾ˫
ͶƬ̺Ц
ĵ׵Щ, ЩӣЩñطľϲ, ۻĿ··¶š
ǱһһĽ
ôģʡ
ذѷֿС, Լ֮һϵҪ˵˵
ջĵŮü
ջ, ǡ, ⲻҪ˵Ҹ˿, Ůӡ
ܡҲرӻƽ
û¿˼ʲôزˡ
Ҫǳȥµļˣ˵ǸС, ȲñӻﶼŮˡ
Ů, ŮˡزԸϹ, תʵ, ôģ
˶ǰ߿ţʦɽûʲôֵءͽˡһмܽᣬկֱ
ǽ𣿡ڴ
ʲôߣ˵ˣпߵĵ
Ŵ죺㻹ʲô
Ͱѽһ̧һֻ϶˶
ɽơ

ʿ̹ҹ֮
󻢴ţĻɵ֮ʲô
ǿˮţ˵Щûмʶⶼ
ţʦո˵ʲôʡ
أţסկԺ˵ˮð
ºΪʲôҪʣе򵥰ⷿӣΣʦ˵ôľôģ
СţҡҡͷǺҵİֺƽɽ壬ôķӺͰ裬ûõġ
㲻Ǻ𣿡Сһлֵģ
ţֱ׳Ǻôˣ֣ڴĶôӣ
ʦǲպл֡󻢾ң㻹֪ǵİ֣ôΪǰֺƽɽ壿
ǽʲôҪţ˵Ҫǣһǵ֪࣬ǵİֺƽɽ壬ܸıǼҵİ֣ǵǳٶҩҲòˡ
Ҳʣôֵ֪ͨģ
²׷ʱ򣬲ţʦǿ໹ʲô࿴İֻ֣Ҫа취կϸ죬Ҳ취կıկѡ⡣
ʦ֣ȼҸһȭ˵
ֵͶ̬
ţ̬ȣԼԹӣһ˵׻׻յ
һ˵İڳʱͶˣ䲻ˣһ˵İ֣ȴǿͨıġֻҪıǼҵİ֣ܲζƽɽկδҲ֥鿪ڽڸ߰
ţʦҸһ涼δ͸ҶܹΣ󻢺ɵ
ΪʲôңţǱðһ۾˵ҸĵȻ죬Ҫǲң;ɽ뿪
ʦϢŭֵҴӼʦȥҪǲŴʦôɷѿĵؽʦɽأ
˵󻢰ŰɵҪôıһ˵İ֣
Ǻеİִƽɽ壬ֻҪټһǴİֲͺˣ
ǲǺҡˡ˵ʦ֪˭İֺǺҴã
⡭
һ˿ţʦȴ¶Ϊѵ顣
ֻկıѡկ˵ţˣѴҲ뷽跨˿졣
˿̣ġ
ʦֱ˵ǣָ·д㣡˵
ò׼ǰĺеܲһ߱޵ϾҡޣϾƽɽϢ˼ҲͷɽˣòҪˣֻǽسĬţûд϶е׷ʡ
һͺ¿ֻǸƭӣװŪһԼҲԲ˿ǣҰĵĵܵˤӣֶΪ
ȥֻһܸǵļֳϲ
˭һɫ
á
ʦã
ûϱ׼ãţ۾һɣˡ
ûǸ˼Цʦ˼ǣϸþܻҸⳡΣ
ϸòСţҡͷ֪Ǹɵģӽİ֣
ǡéٿʦ˼ǽ׹ϵ
˭ǽ׹ϵû취İ취ţ˵
˵˰죬ķǳϲС˵
ӣôô˵Ǻеܽгϲ㲻ң߱ˣ
ţҪߣæ¡
Сܣ̫ˣ˴ʦѵ㻹зõ𣿡
С⩲ˣЦͺ¿Ҳõ
ʲôϵʦⷨӣһʮյġмǵˣѡɽſڿӵġвζʦ˵𣿡
ţؿڵҪ˵İ취ûãǰţͷժߣ
֪ʦںδ伸ΣòͦţʮжδȢޡ
ˣţƽеҲǶʮж
һ;üʮжʦû˵ʮж
ѵһǴõ䲻ɣţ˵ãǲ̫С
һת
Ůһͨʫģóգνϵµóӡ
󻢺Ͷüͷ
֮ʱûµظɻţһǹԲѿڶ滰ɶɶС
ģҪǼ޵ɽկȻòŸɻ˵
С⩿ڵҪ˵ôãôʮ껹޹У
Ӳ޹ȥˣٳٲޡǺҵİӲõİִǴ󼪴֮ࡣҪˣѵһü޽ϲ𣿡
ţ˵бۣѾ˾ųɾš
׷ʵʦδ˵
ȢȢͣʳʲôţ˵ӣÿ㡭
㣿һɡ
ӲҪ˵ʲôȱ㡭Ǹͷ˵㡣
ж󣿡ʡ
ţɨɨֽƬƵ󡣡

ţϵģ˵粻˳٣ǵѾŲסˡԵķϣҳԿǳԸֻҪƸҾͰӴ
һֱĶû𻰡
һԵĴ󻢣˵磬ֵܶûȢޣܵҲԽȳɼҡԵ콵ɲƴǡ
ԭڰϲʯͷԼĽţû뵽ʯͷҪҡ
ƤЦⲻЦţҸձѡΪٵңկûʱ䣬оȢأǵܵܣȻҵɣǲȳɼңƣȳɼҵ
ǵЦڳ飺ȻȳɼҵΪʲôȳɼң
˲꣬һòðȻȢҲֻṼˡ
ʵǵĹǴȳɼҰɡ
ǫƴ˼أ˭Ҳɽ󣬱˴϶ѵܹ΢Цȴʹڡ
ˣСҲûף硪뵽ʲôбϲ
󻢶һ뿴С⩡
ң
С˵



155 
, м١
һ˵һǾǧε֤²ţ޵ԺȻ޲, Ųòϵʵ
С˵ڳ֮ûһɵġ
ļ, ¶һ˿е
, ոյĻ統û, ߱˵ġ
С⩳Ĭ֪԰պͻϯɽկ
ûϵ
ȷʵ
ӭȢţ֮ãıֵ˶ϡ
׸ɲѾյΪٵҵĴ, ҧгݵشӦ׮¡
ܵЩǮִţ֪ģȢţʦңƸʵ
կϲ£Ȼկӳ, կ͸׼Ȣ׵Ƹ, ٳٲԸװˡ
Ҿ͵ƹ, ȳɼˡ
ƳݺݵЦݺ, תȥ
󻢵һɽկͽƸȥ֪ӼʱϽΣ
Ǹʱ򡣡ţ, ӵİ̫Ӳ, ̧˺ӭ׵ˣʮϣʮ, ǿ׳׺֮ˡţ, Ȼʱ˵, ͲܵͱһͷҪһٸҪӭס
⡭ԥˡ
ʮϣʮ£ǿ׳׺֮ˡһϡ
ǲǰկ׳սֱӴ֮һ
ӭֲôⶼԸ⣬̸ʲô⣿ţüͷһšֲϸҪӣˣھͷɽ
ʦ֣Ҳȷһ°ˣҪկһհ졣󻢶˶٣ζֻҪկҸΪΪҲǡ
üһݡ
ţһ˿ΣУóϷ̨ǵλãͷһһԭҪģҷǿƤ֮ࡣӭʱһΪлһ¼ɡ
ǾͲ⣬ֻȡѪˡ󻢵һټȫկ¡ʦȥҪկ
ζ
կΪһСʦҪҶˣҾһ㣬ʦɱʧ
ͷһİɣҩȥկͻҪǲѣţԼͷժ㵱ߡ
󻢳˶裬˵ȻˣҲͲ໰ˡʦէ˸㰲ŸסϢɡ
Լ
ţָ˼Ƭ̧̺ϱȥ
󻢺Ͻ̧ŸϡСԭû˻ˮͺ¿ߵסϱߣ뻹Ǹȥ
ţƣͣλãȻסԺ
ˣҵطȥСɫݡ
סΪİΣҲòסﰡţͣȵԺſڣҡͷס˭ֺ壬ϽŲŲߡ
Ųȥ˵ɽկʮҪʱʱܲС
㡭ţָ˵߰ɣԽԶԽá
ԺŵСආŴ󻢡
ԥΣڵͷ˴ȥţҸ¥
ǣ
ආӦȥѺȵ
ȵ󣬿ſڵţɫ΢仯
ƿĿ⣬Ͻһ˫۾
ȵС⩳ع˹ǣ˦Сආڼ֣Լߡ
ȵѺ뿪ţȵԺš
׼һһŷƷҪƴ⡪һҪ±㡣ţԼһڣӻ֣ͷشߴٵֽ㣬治ˡ
ʦոҪʲôƷ󻢻Լ⡣
ƴ⣬Ҫ±㡣С⩱ۿſϣЦǸУ绹û𣿡
С⩡󻢰ٵöԴʦ񡣡
СЦһ˵ˡ
ţҪһЩ߰ĶڳҪ湵ͨļƺ󣬴󻢺С뿪ǰ
ԡϡΪ󻢲Сආǰ֮ǰȱڡ
һȵһţԺﻹˡƽɽկ
ʵϣһԺѾ֪ض˵ĸˡ
èѣǷۣǹҵ֡
ţɫȡֵܵĹԣʱ˿̣̲סϵʲôèѣ
ŶŶѡţպСһֱҵֿҾ²ǿɶӡ
ܿʲô͵ڴϣںһȣֲ֪һġ
Ҳ;ʲô˵С⩹۲ϸ΢ûнҴԭǷţ֮ĳϵ
ܣţһ˲ţʦ۾ҵݼ
ضԴʳԥþõ⣺ţ磬ͷȫ𣿡
ǻм٣ţԼĹţ̣Ҳžӣһȥء
˵ǣ巢֮ĸѰ˼һͷͷԲжϷ־˵ţΪ˾ǣôͷˡ
Ƽˮ꣬ᷢȡ
εºˣ
˹һƷ󡪡
Ŷعˡ
غŸжˮ˵
˷ܹþȣȫƾţ࣬ûҳ׾ӣ֪ţϲ󼦵ţӡ
ϲڵشӴջ˵ⱲĶ󼦵
Ⱳϲ󼦵ţĿɿڴؿͣ벻Լʲôʱ˵Ĺ
ţʦˮ𣿡Ժ⴫СආŴߴٵ
ţǰ͵ʦˡ
ʦˡ
ţȥɡúݣһϰΪӣĵ
ţתָţʦ̬غ˱ˣ涼Ǵˣ
ţ뿪ʵţôʦ
ҽôƭôɴϷ̨Ҳŵʦˣûаʦ񣬵һʦҲΪ˵
ţ粻󼦵Ҫôҵл⣿һʧ
Ͳͷʾˣʲôñʾġ
Ҳǣ˵ľͺá
ӽʾġţ綼ˣ㻹ôķͶʶӵʱҲûй磡ţҪҪ
ƨڶƣصʲôû
һĵ˵ţôһأ
Ȼһߡ๫еİٺˡһ⡣
ǡԼǵļı
ˣŻһԾ
͹𴽽ǣŻƽɽկ֡

Ӵ
ˮһڣŭŲյһǰСආ
ʲôģ𣿣
СĲңСĲҰ
СආŹ¡
һŽ߿ŭկûأٵܲܳΪһ˵һھ͸ҿң
һڴ£ǨŭСƿԣֻͷġ
һڣĶȥ
ү
С˲ϲҽţȻȥ
ҽԶˣɫȻѡ
ͬһµŮС˷׷һŭͲԼϡ
ǵսľԽ˳غһץӣ˦߳Ժӡ
˭ҲðȻϣҲȥ
һҹɽկڲ
ڶĸҫţկӲtϵĻѣԼԼܼҡεӰ
һ߷˽µʯ飬ֵò㣬ӻĻŮ𣿹ֲöʮ껹޲ȥ
һ޹һԵɣɫͱ˼¡
ͺ¿߯ȻǿӼ޲ȥ˵ʲôֵĹƭȢţɺޣɺޣ
ҲʵͷĲȳףСȳ׵ĵ
ԽԽԽԽԼܰװ׳
žҪţָǸʲôҵ취Լ
⣬ȷûעԼŵԺȥ


156 
ƽɽկĶҪܿѲ, ֱԼҺ԰һ򵥡
ڲκ˷ֵ£ڵԺֱڵԺӡ
뵽ǸεεĴ, Ͳ˿ڿˮ
ɽɽºô꣬Ҳû㼫ƷĻɫ
կҲҪȥͽ𣬴Ҫ䵽Ǹĺݵ˫, ҲӲһĽ֡
ûҲõġ
˵׼Ϊһй˽ߣ糾
, Ҫʲô
֪ʶȤ, ˵׼һ, 취أ
, ܱû/ŮҪúܶɣ
ԽԽԼȥ, ȥµġ
Ĵ˵Ķȥң
ϣǴܹһĲźãȻҪԿͷġ
Ժûһ, ߾Ͳ׽ԡﴫˮһ, һ鷿һԡطŵ, Ǳ˻, ԡˮһ, Ҳԡطˡ
ֻһͷ, үˡ
Ĵ, ʳǡ
һЩֵܷɵ㣬ʱԶԡ
ŵſԡ, ʳָڿպպ, ˸դ֮ǲ㴰ֽ
, ๫
ѹżĺ۾սƶŬȥ
ԡƣҰģ˱ԡͰ¶ˮһͷ˿ʪƯˮϣһͬڰ羰
ԣѪҺӿȥԭͲռϷٴαѹ䡣
˿ڿˮϢƿţè˽ȥ
żԡͰ֮ľֻĲŵͣڴ˫ס˶Է۾
˶²˭/Ц
һ
ûмУûлţҲû˵ƺҲ㡱ʱͻȻžʱˣֻԡͰˮ
ⷢչϡ
еعˡ
һɵı飬ڡˡ۾ϵ˫Ĵ
԰ô
һֻʵɫƤִˮͰڶϣɱĲҽлδüڣ˾ͱһǿԽԡͰ
ˮӿĶ䣬ˮɴ۾Լǳ⡣
ǹضүµ
ôôô
˫ԡͰϢǰһ̣ԡͰһվ
ˮ¡
һӢƦƦڶǰ
Ҳǻǣ˵²˭
㡪㾿˭Ť
ĵ̣Ů˵˳ģȻĵˣ
°˵
ӣһڡ
Ƴĳһȼյķŭϡ͵͵֣ԶԡͰ
㡭ţҲŹģòָָԡͰˣֻҪҴһϾͻûˣ
ڵġ˵
ŻΪ޴ΪڣЦһе
ˣ
ԹϺ׵ͭƿһ𷢳𵴵Ļ졣
Ű۵Ķº˫ָ߾ͭƿش¶˳
ϴʱӵŵĶҵ˰뱾õ鷿ʱʱȻԡ죬ææ鿴ͿһĻ
Ҫųȥû˶û
鼱֮£һװεͭƿ
һ֮ؽ˫ֲۣſǻȷϣûУûУ
ˡùͭƿǴϡ
ظһֱۣ˻ȥ
һǴſǻֻԭѽȻͬ
Ѵϣ
ϼƵ˵
㿴ɣҲ⡣͵ɵ
ҽ⣡صԡԽ̣ת͵Щһˡ
ֱӰȥүȲ衭
OO@@ĴţһᣬŶֻŵʹԾ
ߣط˵
æȥ
׻δȫɢĶ;żʱͼӲżײ
صصıӶеһʹ
ײ󣬶ԴһߣͭƿҹĺֺżٴܽӴ˵һ
˰ɣɫס
ˡһƶ
ץŶһֻţһѰϰѣһ·ͥŽϽСԺԡ
ߣں߹Ų˨
ϰΪͣȱؾؾԵýŶˡ
غҷźҴ߽ңһ֣һ߽߻ŵĶŽֱ·Ҫ
͵ϴ裬ˡ
ȱˣһɫ
͵ϴ裬ӻܡ
شĻҪ󺰴Уֱô죿
ɳϣһ٣̧Ľ˻ȥ
˵еҸ
һȦ˴ϵݸ
ؽֽŽ
һ̧ͷֵһŲصֽ
Ͳ࿴һۣӹֽŵĶ
أ㳤˲ٰ˵
˵ܵ佱ԭǰйػ̲ס¶˲˼Цݡ
ʿյĿǷֿ˲ֹգôûг
ϿɽҲʹͷ
ȻŪͷҲ̵øˡ
ͰѶһëſڵô
⹷ȻǱģֻû뵽ԼײѼϡ͵Ůϴ裬͵ϴ軹
˵ðݺһڶϡ
Сһȥ徹Ȼһ죬ԭԲѵĶҲһ/˫ۡ

Ƽǰܾͣ棬Ť
֪ˣոʲôȥˣһߵǲǸ߹ڣ
ʹֺֻܷһģ
ô죿ز
ˣˡһŲڶ͵ϣ룬˵Ŀ͡
в˵ĵط
Ұɡ
ץķ٣һֵں󾱣ĵĶ´ιȥ

ʲôӻˣ
ɫ䣬ŭŻűŵСආ
ӭ׵ĶѾɽկǰۼ룬󻢵׵ƭﱸʱ˸ۣһЩֵǮĶƸ񡪡ţҲûҪƸ
ţȴ˶
û뵽ţɽĶٵǰȴˣ
Ҫô죿СȥȢ
ٵңٵңһԽ
һСආ¥£һ֧ʸͲ
̲סеǶүմѡ
󻢳²һѪӿͷ
ֻж̶̼仰
Ҫܵܰȫͽǧ׼ãδʱס
١ٵҡ֡
Сආȷŵָָ
תһһԱʶֵ˿дʲô͵߬
棬һ׶ʫ
¸
ӣȥ黹
ٸһ󻼡


157 
Ҫ󻢻Ǯ, Ըġ
ԸԸ⻨Ǯ˺Ʊ󻢵ÿһᡣ
Ǯˣֺá
, ȥĶصɽկҪơ
ֻл˫Ǯնݳ, ϴ󻢸ѡ
Ļ׼ֻһ·ߡ
ͬ˰
󻢸Ͻϵƽɽկڶկ, ǷͶԷй, õȴǷ񶨵Ĵ𸴣կΪǰ·ɱͽջ𣬸֪ƽɽկĶ⵽ڳԺڡ
ȻǶկǺηСΪͬУ
ټ֣õĵطѲһ顪Ȼ, ޽Լĸ, Ҫҵˣһڡ
Ȼ, Ȼ޹
ٵҡѾδʱˡ
Сආ߽Сؿϴ󻢵ɫ
輸ϳűڵĲˮѾ͸󻢽šüͷ, һԲ֮ڿڵ
ȥ˷֧Ǯ
ٵҪˣõϵĻشСආѿڶ
ȻҪꡣ˵, 䲻, ôҲҵ׵ܵܣܼȣ
ٵҹȻ壡Сආæ͡
ȥ˷֧һӳľ׼ס
һСආˡ
һ, ̬ȼǮǮٲҪ, ֻںҵܵܵİΣ
Сආ𶯵һͿ, ߳󣬵һʱͺСආٵҵġ֮١
һʮʮ٣װһľھʱ󻢲ǰؽȵܵĴѾɽկ
˶󻢳ϵΪĿ࿴ʿصĲһ壿Զ˽壬죬ʲôõĵģ
ɽկ£ֻһԺЦһ
һ׼Ǯɣ
С⩴ǰŵСආǽϵذףſ/ɲغáûΣʱܾȼΣʱܾȼ
ԼסƫԺֱȵĶȥ
ү
˶կţСආ¥ӭ
С⩻˻֣ȥɣм仰
СආȥһߺСƿľ˽ȥ
ȵһſļľϣΪȲʣֻܴڴβľϡ¥ҲֱСߵǰҲһ
Ϧɫȥһȼա
͹ƽϦºôĿģ·ʢһѪ
ûУ
ȵۡ
ůϦҲů͸˫̹ǵ
ǰ㲻ܣС˵
ˤĻҲ㡣ȵӴʲôֱ˵ɡ
ȥĶˣ
ô֪ȵһ̯ҪǾֱѺˡ
浱ǴСۣ۾ͺ¿һģһͳˡǾʲô⣿
ôһ£ȵ˫ȣĵؿ
㡣
ҲشˡҪģԼѡȵǣһ¿ˮ̵ģҪҡʲô֪
֪ʲô
ֻ֪ȵ۾һŮˣװҪǱ˷ˣǸʲô³
ҲŮˡС⩻ԭɵı𽥱һֱߡ
ҼŮ˱Թ⻹࣬ȵһ̣⻰ƭ˱ˣƭҡ
ŮΪʲôҳԹ⻹ࣿС˵ֳģ

ȵͷȥ
ɡ
úûнŲ
ȵ¿վԭزС⩣㻹ô
롪СߴƣΪʲôŴһ
ȵ󱳺Сһ˽Ļȡ
ˣ˯ʲô
գҲգضС⩡
СڿտҲķɨ˼ۣûмˣ¿ȵ
˭
˵λ𡣡ȵЦңʲôˣ
ǾˡС˹˵󣬺Ȼһת𣿡
ȵиС⩾һ򴰿ڡ
Ȼɫȵӡ֤Ĳ룬Կ϶϶ˣ
ţǱͬ
ȵͷ³һĳ󾱴С⩳ڿذףۼֿصסЩ̽
С̧ȵһŽ߿ذ׳ȥ
ûˣ
ҳĴֻʣ˫ʸµʮָӡ
ã
СоȴѾˡ
һʹǰ׺ȥ
һ㿪˳С⩡
Ӵһˣû뵽ɣ͵ذѻ˵˫С⩸ɾĽϲ˲
ȸ
ʲô
߲˵ʱǵס͸̾

ɽկǰͷܶ
ӭ׵Ķ׻վկһ׳ǰжӣװ
󻢿Сආһӣǰǡ
׼صΪͬϳһ򾡡˳㣬ҲǸµĵܹܵ졣
ˣȻͬУͲĻᡣ
δʱѵ󻢻ڵŽ׵ָһֻųĻҸӺȻկװľϡ
ٵң㿴ĽţۼСආе
׽ס
һ£Сආǰ׽롣
Ҹһվϣ˽׽һֻרŵŸ롣
СආŸֺõ͵ǰ󻢴ȡͲеֽ
չССֻֽһۣ㱻ǰΡ
ƱŽͲøӴأ㵣ĵȻӭж⡣
һš
ٵҡСආСɫ
Ʊҧ
ȥ˷
һᣬȫ׼ͬеһƱˡ
˵ĸӰƱ۴СආǶ۰Ͱ͵ؿϵͲ޲Ͳһ̾ܳ˽Զܽ
Ŀ£ɿ֣Ҹȳ˳ȥ
ϣ
Сආ׼׵Ŀ׷˳ȥ
׷Ÿĳɹʲ󣬿ܱȲĺá
֪˭ڱѪҪֽʬΣ
١ٵҡһСආײײ˹һȾѪĽˡ
ʶĻô̫Ѩһһ
ʲôţʲôˣŭ
֡вˡ
Сආֽҿɫͷսս
󻢺Ťͷߣκ߶ǿӣֻӲͷƤӹǧֽ
󻢲鲻ԸһѪֱţǰðǡ
˵̫
һŭ쳹ƽɽկկűߵһȸ
һģеĲ䵽ϡ˼æǰҲϹ˽ӣŵϵĲȥ
ֻдһʫ
¸
˿䣬ٰ
˶СˮǸмҡ
ʡһֻۣҪһˡ
Ҳģܵؼҡ


158 
ʱѵӭ׵Ķȴٳûг
ţ廨, Сආһƣ£
ţɽƵģվԭء
Сආ߳ŭһţϥ, ţڵϥ¡
ɫĴ󻢴, ׵Ĳǰ, һѾ졣
˵С켷ʡ
ô֪ţü, ǿɽ, ҪҾ, ǵզ浱ǲûֵ𣿡
᲻֪һŭɫԴɽկʲô¶ˣǶʧ, Сʧ, 㡪˭
ҪǲպҲձ, һոھӵհ
ӱͲպŭ
ɶʲôϵţһ졣
ͺͷһ顣
ˣŭٵİ, ϼһ, ȥӭ׵ĵط¡ҵҪ, ȢŵĵǹѼ
ආͷĿæҴҳȥˡ
㲻Ǻˣţŭ, , ҲŴĸҰֵģھȻˣ
ĺˣҪִԲ, ͱʶƽɽկʲôģ
ţһҪɱҪ, ʿӣ
ʿʿ, ˶Ȳ㣡󻢶ݺݵһ, ȥ, 뾡취ҲҪ˿죡
Сආǰţֱߡ
ţԶɽկԺıߣһСආصǰ
ȥ
ţһţòͷ߽ɭʪĵΡ
ˮζ͵Ѫ޴ڣ߻谵խηţֻǼηڣˡ
ǵڵһ͸ʬ壬ֻؿ΢֤ǵڼ
ţ߹һ˵ηʱͣ˽Ų
߰ߣ밤𣿣Сආߴٵ
ţȻתһ˫͵سСආͷȥ
һشСආ۰׵£һСආ־־㣬˵ʲô
δ䣬ԵͻȻ
һ˫ֱַСආ°ͺͷһ꣬ô۾صȥ
ոɱһ˵ȵ޲վСආԭվĵط
ʦأţ
Ҵߡ
ȵõ·ѥͳһذףѸٸţ
ȵȣҺ黹û̸أţ˵
ԼĽӡ
һλεĽӴȵ׳ţʶؽסˡ
Ľţȴûյ
ˣǰ˵õļǮǡ
ǴġȵĻ˵Ҫ뷵磬Ǯǵ̲绹˵
ȵ֣صؿţҪǿԸһͷأǮǵȥľáӽǾ͸졣
ʶɾײкĸܺ;еһʯˢţδ
ʮڶʹţߵĵɽиʽ񱳾ֵǣ඼Ǻ󱳳죬ֲʶũ񣬼İٵͶҲõãĿΪڻңǰ
ֻʳӵи˵ײյ
Թ˲Ͼ˵ԼİգǱд档
ͳݸڣҰĲȴ塣
ܿѡ
̶Ƭ̣ţѾתͷգսӣظ˻ش
ʦţԸֵǰ
Ǻãɽկһ׳Ѿɳȥˣɽկڲ飬ǽ׽ʱȵȽſආȥԺĶ硣ȳ󣬷ţ緢źŵټֵǼ̹կǰȡһ
ţؿڣޣϣ
ʲôе㻹һ㣡Ǿȳd󣬻Ҫʦʦ
ȣȵ˵òǽȡ
ʦʦѾɽկˣţŴ졣
ڡȵ˵һȫɽկȫĵط
ʲôط

谵˸
ͷһʯңȻྐྵӵ졣
Ƥһͷ߹ʣ˵ƬӿȻȻ䵽¡
ϧϧһеĹӿӵ¡
͵Ϊشŭ˱ë浹ڵϵĶɫ
ƽɽկկ˵ĹྐྵӣСⱨӦ
ڷյʯ죬ֽͬűֻܵһԵС⩶ʹ󲻾ΪûʲôȤһԣɫشܻ
ҪбӦͲŲæһӣ׵ǰ³һԹӿǡǣһ̵ͱӦͷˡ
ֻۣΪûʲôүվߵһԵʯǰ̧߼Ӳʯףм𣬱Ӧһ˵ֻҰοĻԡҪűӦôˣ
ߵСǰһŲĩϡ
˵𣿻ľ
С⩽һ
ͶϵñʯڼҪĥ
²ӰһΣӾֱӰȥʯϢ
Ϊʲôľһɡ
ӸôоôСͰһۣߴߴɣ˵¡
ôʲôԼҼڵʯ˷ʱྐྵӣڻ˵ߴߴɣ
δţ˵ϣ˵ɡ
ҵȻŭ
ǾǮԼߵǰ¶Ǻø磬ƺʧ˸ãأ
ң˲ɫ࣬ҵ˲ŹģҲԹ۵ģ
ѵùУϼկ˵ϻ𣿡˵ƽ˲ǮɣҪҲ࣬һС
Σ
ͳȣһһ´ڶϡ
ЦνҲ㡣ϾĴ罻Сôе׬㡪㲻ӹỹҪھҪҲֲͷ
㡪²޵صͣѳ޵ĿҲһָԱߵС⩡
ӵʱܱʮ£ҪҪԼӦֱʮšˡ
ߴˣҽһֱؼææ˽ˣ
˲Ӱ
ͷĹصүڶߴĴ

ɫҰף
ҸҸ
ɡ̯֡
ûһӣҳȥҡ
㵱ɵģҪòһ·
ͳذףСսսȡϵ壡ȥܶҵǧӣ
߳ױ̲ס˳
һӵļҵ
ͳϵĺתֽ崧
ĲˣǮ֮û˻
վֱ׳ϵ
˾ҪѼĳһӽǮ۹ڸߵĵطҪǱһЩӬͷС򶯡
Ѵˣֱ̫۸ˣ
δ˺޳֮ˣֻĳ
ϵڰܲװǿ


159 
ƽɽկһʮ, ״һͿص˶ѡ
ɽӭųǰɽĿյϣ鲻Ը˰Ӳ˫֡
İپڿյѲ, ʱʱСɽһߵ
ţϴ˽, Ѱ, һעĿĹͷڷ²֮䣬ʮؿŵĸҶ, ҾͰĸԿǾߣ
ѻȸ
һѷϣվһδ󺺣ﭵĴ󵶺ϡ
һſڵͭһɫ
߰˲ĵط, 軹, Ҫ˵ɽկһöͭڴ, ȾƳ⡣
ԵĻǱ׼ĳʳ
һ󷸶ģļͷѿ
ô꽭ûôĵˣ
󻢶ȥ֪үˣ
ͷ, ϷθͷͺطʬСĸ
ľز˼Ž, Ⱥͼϵֱָܵܡ
ʣһμ, нԼ
Ҳһ򡣡˵һֻŵ͵
Լԡ
ҪѼл, æס档
ҳԲ£
һԲ£ҲԿˣ
󻢱˶˴ӪҪǿǳģһ, Ҫȹۿǿ
̫
ֱǿеǿ, åеå
ĥ, ̿ʸܡ
ңֻүǰȥϴĸ棬ͷˡ
ʱһļȱɨһա
ʹ˸ãڷľ硣
Ѷôģ󻢡
ҪɱҪУ㣡ӲŲӵǲĵģ
йˡ˵
ҺǸϺȡ
˭Ϻ
С⩱͵Ž˾ԹĶҧгݵسȥ
ƵĶǴ󻢵Ķ֣
ץסһŤͰŽ
ɱɱ
һƨϣɫˣеǰ㻹ﶷ
˭ﶷﶷ𣿡̱ڵϣʹһߣȵˣһԭԭģȣк㣬һĲ㣡
Ҳ㡪ЦҲ뿴ȵ֪ңɽկʱǸʲôӦ
㡪
˵Ĵ󵶻ǰֵܾȻֳ
ΨСƣŲæߵǰ
ǶͶ̥ôӳԵôɾ
СüͷڽʣİҨҨȥ
Ҩ˼¶ǹ鲻ԸӣֱӶ裬һȹļ
Ŀɿڴؿ
˭ǶͶ̥ȵЦ
ӱһҹܲҶŶ·Сһ⡣
ҪɱǣˣֵͣѾҪˣ㲻ܲã
ģѼĳõˡ˵ҰǽֻǺϼžۡ
һŵӷ֡
ŭͣưͳԻп˵
õˣ
޳ܵˣ
˵˸ǮͰæ˺ƱĿⷿϱھȻ˵ҪǺϼžۣ
үѵϾû𣿣
Ͷһ̣˵ˣʱҲˣǴԼĵϽ߰ɡ
ס
ľＦ﷭ҵҲͣ¶̧ͷؿ͡
תˣ
ǣɱڣ
Ҫ·Ķ㲱ϺѴ󵶲ˣȻڷϣ¶žɵı顣
ܵſڵĶԣһɲͣס˽Ų
ɱھɱˣʲôҪǳȥɱͷʡ
󻢳Ĭԡ
ȷûôɡ
ôǣ󻢿ڵѵ֮Ѱ𣿡
ǵ׵λߡ˵կĻݲݼһöͭ嶼¡ǰɽŵЩˡƽɽկ󲻽ƽɽկˣͽС
һͽկ
УһҲܾˡ
һҲʱõ
ǽлѼկ
Уر龪֣Ҫˡ
ѾͽկܽկΪʲôҲܽлѼկͳˣǿѼӣ
ز˵Ѽӡ
ΪͻӿѼֱӹɵȻٽչҪҪ
ƨƨ
СֻǾáӦһܴԼΪɽկպѼãʼѰЩ
룬ŵȡ
˵Ҳеʲôܸأ¶˼飬һתƳԱߵ
ôߣü
ǻأȻͿʼҪɽկͷˡ浱Ƕ
ϽģǵߡѼկͲͷֵ
󻢺Ͷô򵥾ͷ뿪
ʲôЦ
ǰƽɽկԸĨùˣ
ôô׾ͷߣ
һı
󻢺ͶϷƱ仯Ųͬ⣬ͬǣ˵ĽŶվţðȻƶһ
С۹۱ǱǹģϹۿ̬չ
߻ߣ԰׷û
ȥ̽ſˣƽɽկ
۾һɣĶƽɽկ
ڻѼկ桭鲻Ըظ˳ƺ㲻ǴǮҲǴˣЩһٸָͷ壬ߣǳȥ𣿡
Ǻûϵˡ˵㲻Ҫ˶һֱҲ·
͵޳̶ܳٴͻ˶Զǧ֪֮Ҳˡ
ҪùߵƽɽկõŸ˲
ʧ֪Ǹկ֪ƽɽկѾɻѼկǵЦһ¾ףǣ
֣Ȼôֱٸֵָ·ɡ
װģس
һ飬֪Ҫꡣ
ֻǣʵ벻Ѿǵһףɽկˣͻóʲô
ƨˣֻֻรˡ
ＦµѾף˼¶ûµ©֮ܡ
̧ͷײС⩵ߡ
Ц
СƵСǰ˵԰ɡ
СôҲû뵽죬ȻڸҳԵġ
ԭأһû˵
԰ɡСߴ٣͡
㲻ӼУô˼ˣ
ĵ鷢ˡ
Ͳü˵
⻨ľҪҪ
˫ĿϴĬĬᣬòƨ˵
Ҫ
¶ȴһ֪Ϊ˻
󻢶ĿɿڴؿһԲǿޣôָָ·ָȵϱߣ
֣·̲סѡ
ʲôⲻ𣿡ͱ˴ϣǲˡ
ǡǡҼˡЦ֪ûС
˵Ҳе˵Щһ˲ӹ飬ǷųɽկҲֻ·һ
ԶԶԣڴش˴ƣ˵㿴ܸܲһ·ϵ̡
ҪһѼկҲǲԡ
ʹ˶Ļ
ߵסĴ󻢶ǰζ
ͷҪʲô֯ҪͶϣѼկҲ⡣
󻢺ͶѾ뵽ʲôӿʼɪɪ
ģҲҪȥȡ˭ͷͶϣҪһѼկܼ򵥡˵һǧѣѼĳֵܡ
Ĵ󻢵ļ磬ֳһЦ
ΣҪҪѼĳֵܣ
ᡪ
ȵͳѥذףڷĥ
ҪΪʲôȵҪľͷĥذסҲãȻҲܾȡ
dȵһۣǽӵʲôźţߵǽߣһ𣺡
Ǳͻȭͷͻǽϣש׷¡
d˸ǷسȭͷͽһĿӶ
غʹ󻢶һdͻȻжһ
շӦڰͣͼḑ߳
ʲô
ĥҲȭѽ
ܵܶչʾˣزԸʱ͵ĺȣ鼱֮£ϵĲ
ûУĵѣǲ
ɫɣһԵĴ󻢡
󻢸Ϊϣ֪Լկûл·ϵҽҪһʱգûǮ
ҲѾæ˵ҲûǮÿһʱ䣡
ôһɽկôûǮ
ŭԣŭź޳ܵס
ɣҸǽһƵĻᡣ˵
ʲô᣿
ӢݷԤµפݡʱ䣬Ҳõݾˡ°ͣ˵ôҪҪѼĳһ𷢲ƣ
ٴڰľӣ㲻ˣ󻢴ʧɫ
ô˵ģͲӲ٣ֻʰģ
ʰʲôС
ʰһΣ֪ˡ͵
һԻ󣬴󻢵ǰ°ɳʰĵ˼
Ҳʰ·ǿ
Ӵ󵽾Ȼͷϣ
ΨоǮοڰʮڶʹʵǰéľӣ൱һ⡣
Ȼ˭Ҵپӣ
֮ǰ󻢲룬Ҳû˸롣
и֣ռ֪ͣĻ

ͱֻ˳ʵСèˣ
ˣΪ㡣
˼룬ҧãҾ͸ðһգ
󻢵ĸƨ棬һͷ©ʲô£æңң
Ϳ򰲾ǰС⩣أ߻
˵߶Сϡ
С⩵ĿڱһһСＦϡ
κ̧ͷɵ



160 
ǳ֪޵ĸˡ
ͳ, һγҹߡ
ڰĻ˱ʮԸŴοּȥٴڰľ, ƽɽկһɡ
ټ, ȥٴڰĶһ붼ԭƽɽկ, ȷҲУ󻢺Ͷѱ;䡣
ԽԽѰ, ɴӴױʰ޺ã߱š
ȵɫ΢Ȼ
شȼһҹ, ߳⣬ǵɽկŵķ
ƺɽկȻ, ͬһʱӿ˽
һϤĽŲſײ
пǣֿ뷨ػعʱѾԺű˹ȥ
һߴӰſǰԺ
ͣѿڶ
ʹ׵ո¿, ̧ͷͦص˽
أӿ˽Ų
ôû˯
ͣǰĴɨ, Ծشһ˿У
ûˣ
ǰеıȻõ
Ϊ, ̾Ϣһ˵Сˡ
ؾ, Ŀٴɨɨȥ
Ͱַؿڣֱؿ, ˼ҵӶɷ󼤶Ͷ뻳ΪʲôʲôûУ
صڵغˡ
˼ҺǼҲһ
Ҳݹ, Ҳ˯һŴ, ʲôһģ
رֱ׳ķŪƿԡ
ޣǼٷޣôһ
ˡû˵ֻ࣬ΪƨֽǮؼҺһӭӶò
͵ƨƨȻֹ
鱧ͨؿϲ̧ͷ

˵һسʼľ졣
𺳵ȴ硣
һɿ뿪ţȥĿ⣬ߣһԲصͷˡ
͵糺Ķϡ
ֱܽݣһţŻع
ϡ
ףٺЦ̧ųȥڲ֪
ϣ̫˲㣬

ʹ
d˵ֱۣҪӴ
㲻ᡭҪҴ硭
ȵһѽվ˻ȥ
æأʱչ㣿ͽͽͰɣ
d鲻Ըȵ˿ڣҾƵֽd˿ڵʱ˻һ
dֻƤˣûʲôˣɴһᣬdȲȥʼһսˡ
ȵ£ſʼԼҩ

һѱ۵Ӵȵ̧ͷһװεµС֧ŵڴϣһֻԲεĴɹڵϴת
ȵûȥôɹޣͷ޶ԵؼͿĨҩࡣ
һΰɡ˵
ΪʲôСͷҪлң
һûأһ·
㲻ɱҵġСЦˣӦ˵㲻ɱҡ
Ϊʲôȵ̧ͷ
Ϊĺô粻ôġС˵ǣƣȱһɡ
δԼ̫ˡȵЦȻȱһɣôһǡҪֻɽկ
ܳͳˣǲܳͲŻһ𣿡С⩲ŲæƽɽկϢկ֮մ״ʣѪճվͻ䣬ǣȶկҲܶͷһ֮źš
ȵһԲؿ
Сɫɢȴƶ
֮ʿ¾ͻ롪Ҳǰӣ֪ãȥͶȻҲıǰ̡
˶٣ĿתȵϣЦ
Ǻô磬ǲ⣿
Ȼô͸֪ĦΪĴɡ
ҴţҲΪĴɡС´򣬳׽ڣ֪ұۣŸмＸҲۻϣǱ˴˶ķ
ϵĴɹޣõȵǰ¡
ҩĲǴ򣬶ÿնҪѪˡҼ洫ĽҩѰ˼վϡȵİɣû¶ⱾǸصġ
ͻȻֵȵĶһ١
Ҫҩսʱ򣬾ʹӶ͵ʰһޡС˵
û˵ȥ
ȵڵȻΪʲôû͹ȥ
͹ˡС˵еæҾˡ
ȵ뵽æʲôҪǴȽææŶŪɩӡ
ҲҪŹԼ
С⩵ȵ̻¶ɨһۣĿź棺иʣŮ
ȵ̧ͷһۣżԼŮ
Ҳ֪С˵
ĻشϣҩĶһ١
ŮСһϵطʡ
һûϹȵ˵ôˣҲŮˡ
ǰû·ôһ㶼ߣ
С⩻£Ƭ̼žݵ͹󣬿һЦ»ָ
ȵĮӱ̹ǣһ˿ɱУ·𺮱иȡذס
㿴̻صˣΪʲôûзӦ
ΪͼˡСѿڶ
ȵ˿ϰɴ׼õĸɾ·վ
Լߣ㣿
С⩿֪ʲôطͳذףʶȤվ
ˣߡΪԸ
ߵſڣԺкȻһ˼
Ϊûеõش⣬˵Ѿشˡ
ͣ½Ųͷȵ
֮ǰ˵Ů˱ҳԵ⻹ࡪʣʲôطģ
ȵذ׳
ˣʲãϻƨɶ
СԼһѣԸںġȵҪˣԥתܡ
δս͵ԣ𲻴
ƽɽկԭľ
ԭԺͼͺ¿İپͥկһսѾֻʣһ룬ֻڶԷİپңͺǼͺ¿ĵǲ
Ҫ˵͵ʱûдƽɽկ⣬Сš
ƽɽկֻˡ
Ͷͣ
˽թֽһôߵһģ
òǱթƭʿƭģ
Сһ˼һĿĵկУ֪ɽկɽ
岨ĺͣ½ŲŽ¶һĨãף૵
㵽Ů

ǧӢ͵ľ׳ǧ
˵вɽկ׸棬СɽկﳤԤˣСҲõٴһЩŮ
˵أ˱Ǯǰı㲻棬Ƿչ
ڻѼկδչټկеҪһС͵ľ顣
ûԼгһҲܲμӾ顣
Ҳôɴôñϵɷ򲢲мڽڣǴ󷽷佾ؽ˴ͥ¡
ȵһפ¶ʱ߷ߺͺ£ѾܵȻڶˡ
ӲҪ˵ʲô㣬ҲֻЩн;ߣĴڣҪһڳһϣΪͳ𲻿Сĳ档
ɽկʲôУûгĿܡҪһϯ֮أǷɽɡ˵
ˣҲС
صؿڵ֮ɽҪȥĶ
뷨ԥǧٿףʤĳǳرɾѾռݣֻҪȡһǣΪǽƵĸݵء
˫һģϲãһٴһȳǳضˣǾЩڶʹһԼԼڶʹүʵۡ
صɴ۾ҪʣԱߵѾһϣϵ˵
Ϲߴʲôӿҳ
𾪵ؿϿ¿ҿûҵҳӰӡ
ȡһǺǾóǳͶϣǷ֪ȻҲһְٰ
Ͱִαһ˵
֮ǰҪȻݡ֪Ϲ̫ҶȻҪȥһسӡ
͵ļƻõȫƱͨմʤ̣ʱûľ
Ȼ£ǲǸøֻȡ֣ȵ˵
ȡ֡æ䣬ѿڶһѼ
ϵĸӱɣĲԸΪѼˣ
Ǿͽлơ
ͻû˵꣬һ£ȴĻͽɣ
üҾûơ
ϲΪ˸ı⣬ؼûϸ˵Ϊ
š
˫۾ͺء
عЩ߷߶
ȵɩӰݼڣɼΣСҲͦã
СһʶǸƵģ𾪵ؿкõȵ
ãͽ˲ĿڣźȻѼϿڡ
жź˿
лϵĸ
ڲѼˣ


161 
պ, ʳ¯ڶկ˵ĵһս
ڰķѺƽɽկͶկٴΪһ壬͵һ׳, ģֱ
ȻҲǧ, էһȥѹѹ˺Ѿ㹻ˡ
ƽɽկͶկϲĵƽɽկկز御
ڴͷĺ, ޵ĿޣмģǾֻе˲
կаµĹ˼ʱ޳˲ڶĴͷͷǡ
ͷһһկ, ;ʹźƺƵ˶ɽ
֮, ǿ޲㡣
ݾ, ˭֪Ǹ˵կķ
˵ƽɽկĶǵý˿㶼ȥ, ûǷݵ, Ǳ𵽰ƤѼǰȥˣʱûн˿, ҪԼ
ͬǶʶȤ, ݿȥһ·ƽ˾ʿҹҹԴ, , ʱҪȥ̵, ȥεġ
ݺ, 䡣ͽ˾е, ȵС˼ְʱҹͻѲӪǷְء
ȻճûΣڴӪſնְأҹµľۿɼˡ
·ߵתƵʱؽͨҲڳ;ڽݺݵĽ紦
ǰŸճݣ⵽һûκαʶӵϮ
ͽձ࣬Ѿ׹һεҾˣ칦;ͽս
ǲҾʼչֱ߿ʼɨβ˸ʰĵʱƿȥ
˼˺ҵٲ͡
ͿȥûˣֻɫЩͬѰȵվߣһڵϵİܽ߶µ˵ʲô
ŵһ˿̬бϢӿŲȥ
ˣ˿أæ˿һ
ػ̫ϰƺɫ΢ص˵ͷ
֣ԡ
ʲôˣʡ
Լ˵ĿؿŵϵĽʿ
˳߿ϵĽʿԷŶضĿ⡣
ֱʱزžפйһ֮Եּʿ
㲻ݾһԱôҾ𾪵
һļž
ּʿսս͵ɫ
֪ˣһֽʿϣȻϵӣҴӵĶ飬㲻ǵӺܴ𣿡
ҡ֮ǰҲûٻּʿᣬҪ֪ô
ͲǰٻˣͲͷݾôҾ˵
ǡǡּʿǰһս˵Ͳһ㼲˵ʮǰһ֧ҾܵɾرиʱҹϮֲ㣬Ҳ˼գΪһﶼźܿͻӢԮ˭ϡ˭ԭԤƸʱ򵽴ӢȴʼûӰ
Ȼ󡭡ּʿһQȻݾˡҺһЩҴĽʿ˳ǱȥͶӢûǮûʳֵǶҪԷǾ͡Ͳ֪ôģ͸е
ݰպ֪أʡ
ӳ˵ּʿԥԥɾͷλɱ֪ۡзڴ֪ϵ⣬Χ۰տͷ˵ʯʨϱɹա׾죬Ҳ׶༪١
ǳһƣаΪҡ
ɱӻÿطݣŮǽڽ鱦ĵڶսƷ
Ϊǹ⾰ֻҪһȼŻĻʳǣĿͻǰ
˵ţº¹ާĽ֡
.
صɫôãһǧݱɫҲôá
粻һˡһ䣬˸̫ŸƽޣȻˣ
̫֪ôˣ˷˴һƬ⡣ȵǻһź
ǿɽկòҳļпڳнųŮdߴͣҹǿҵŮˣʱɽկĲ˧СﶼܹݱĥзڴУá
ֻϧоȻôˣ붴ǰˡ
ʬҰʲôʹ¡
˵֧ɾĶɢģʡ
ز֪ʲôּʿͬ⣬ԥڲݣ
ƭӣüͷݷսľôȥȥˣ
ûƭ㣡ּʿһίĸƭ㰡ȷʵڲݷսҲû衪ݵݣԶǾҪҲȴݻݣ˭֪ءƫƫʹԶݣ
ǴĶԷ˭
ҾȻµһӡˡ
Ԥϣ̵Ǹ㱾ҲûȣȴѹüëĿ׺ݵصּʿĻˣ
ּʿԾؿ֪Լ˵˻
ϢϢŭҪ飬Ͳ˿̹ˡȵڵŲ۱ô˵ɩʵµһ
غȻᵽ룬˲ڵĻ룬һʱס֧֧˵κͶҪһش֮¸ҽУΪͼʡʡ£ĵ˵ͷ
ϵĸ
غǲȵ᲻ԽԽΪԼµһܵУ
ɣӿ͵£ֱšĹͷûضּʿ˵
֪˼ˣΪǶôΰһء
ΧȺԹ۵С⩿ֿ֪ܵͣƨݸȵһʱ֪˵Ϲ˭ѧ˭
ּʿڵϲ촽ϼΣһֹı顣
ƨͷţ˵
һ¡ּʿµ˵ա˵ռݵҾ˳вƱȥˡ
ȥݺʲôء
ͺȻӦصɫҲˡ
֪ϸģͬҲ֪ǽͷصˣּʿдһ˵
Ϊȥݣ·Ʊػᾭݵͷ
ͷпܳΪһݵĵط
ݳ͵ϣΧ¼˷һָ·ǰҼооأ
ȣΧȺǰ˳
⡣Ⱥз
СڽһֱֻۣʾԼĴڡ
ͳվλͬ
Ǵоͺǰͷ
оĲֹɽկ棬ƽɽկͶկĸֲͨ˵Ҳһ޴ջ󣬸ԭǲˣ˳͸Ʒº޹ϵ
͵ľڳ˶һ
ûϵصڸոͶϵϣ࿴һۣȱȭҪֵһߣһо
ѣ͵ֵܣ˭˭һ
ȵ̲סڵ硭
ȵ͵ţҲ¶޷ͬɫ
һű˵ˣʣҲ󵨡
Ѿˡ
ʹȵĻһɵûεϣ¶һĨ
żᶨɨ
Ҹǣ͸ǡ
˲ã˲ɵĵҶ
мһ㣿
γĬȭͬ
ز


162 
ªţꤵʻͷطֵ, ţϵϺߺһվķ
ǵ̵Ķûȥ꼢ģվǰѩŵĳĶŮַǶСС̳, ǵ̵ǰʱһԶӵĵط
õƹڵǰѡѡ, ǶȵľıȽϺһӱЦţֱ׳طҿԼŹʲô£
뵱꣬Ƥʱ, ǸӿΪҵש˲١
֪ǻ᲻
ûӰ, ڻôֽ, ²ꣿ
ƹ̾˿, ӱ, ǳԶˡ
ͬ˵Ļһˡ
̵Ķƹµڹ̨İ˱ֻǵĻ
ͻʱĻܴûпչзŪöǺǼ, ˴˶׬Ყ
, 鲻Խ̾Ϣ
ʲôʱŻһ𷢲ƣ
ĶȥͶҲ԰
һ֮Ǽս֮ͷأ⻹һĺ, ˶ǵ, ϾǰŶӵࡣ
յûĹӴһֻֻԲĹĵķʼڻתɫĴƤϷŹ͹⣬ڳ֡
һŮͯǰ˹ȥ, һ㡣
ҼҵĹ𻨿, Ҿȥ𻨾, һһ
ڶŮͯȥķ򣬲Щ㶡
ĹѾˣȥںδ
֮ǻټһ
ʲôأˣ
߽ţ˼
ͷһռͿæת档
˵ʱֵռﻹڣͷĺ˵ôˣ
ЩūҲӪҵҲռūһֻ
ԵʣմѰȹϸͦİˣǷֺ¶ĳȹҲҡҷĲһ˿ġһ̤Ǽ꣬ӾͶԼͬ˹ȥ
ЩĿϰΪ⡣
ڹ̨ϣֲŪǰ̣ĵЩˡûֵʱһֱؿɽ˺˵һһ棬ҪȢңһܵñӻ졣
ӿһֻռһȡһ˵
ֲûԸȢ㡣
Լһѵ򣿴һӵͺ̾Ϣǻūҹ¶ء
Ụ̄ĵ
ϻĵ𣿡
㻹أռĶһ٣ȵ
˵ūҵǵĲŲһۣūҵǵпΪĵûбǮҲУūбǮūԸһ֮ǡ
̲סٴ̾Ϣһ
ūӣȴҲʵĵ
㼱ʲôҲûءѹռĺҶݸ
Ҫǳˣūһʲô﷭˸ۡ
ʲô˼һ⡣
ϵˣ˵Ҳǰ˵
ҶռǮһţٵȻ뿪˼ꡣ
ųɳĶü˫۾ĿתضžҡҷıӰ
ʲôˣһڿһлͷϣŵһ£ЩռԼϡ
ΧȺһЦ
ε⽣ӰƫһͷؾһԴȻ͵ճ
̼ҵߺ˵ʼȺĽŲ˵Ц޿ײ㡢㡢ըͬͷÿնݵƽܰһա
ŷһȻͷֵճ
æĻƲԼͬͣĹ
ųǼĿ쳤˲ӣ·פС
Ҫͷڶ
ʲô游ÿӺͷ󺹵˳
֪
ﻰδ䣬
Զʲô̮ˣһ죬Ǽĵ涼ڲ
ֵȻңֵŮܹͯſڣĹ֦һأ۵Ĺ𻨸һ׹䣬ͱܹһ̤
ӰѾˣ
ɱ·һͻأðһ֪ĲҽǼ곹ˡ
ŶӵĿ˺Ļƣһѷؼš
ֻͮͮռڿ˿ˡ
Ŀܣ游һסֱۣˣʲôʱˣܼˣ
ȥҳԼغõ˽Ǯ·ͷһѡĲ˵
游һû˵һԣ㻹ɱвɣϽߣϵôһ죬ǰ׼죬ʱ䲻ˡ
ȥ𣿡
ʲôӣôˣҡߣ
Ȼͣ½Ų˦֡
Ҫǣ
ܴȻҴ˰游öţ㻹ߣѵЩƦӵ֪֪ǻôĥ㣿
Ҿ֪ԲŲǸߣŭĿӵҲһ˹͵Ҫһߣ
㡪游ÿҪ
תլԺķߣ֪ŭ
δš
ܵ׸ǣ游Ϊѣ᲻ԼΨһѪ׷ȥס
ȥȥ˰ɣܻȥǣȥĵӵңͣǧҪߣҽӵϾ
游˵꣬ӦҴҵתҵķȥˡ
ϵǻܵˣĵӣ·һŲ·ܣ洦ɼ򷭵Ĺ¯ۣ֭ĲҶ
ڲԽԽͲҽҲԽԽ
Ŀ֮ÿ˶ֽ
ĵӸ̤һȻһ˾סľɫ䣬Ҳžľƹ
˳ӿĽϣֻһܡ
ĵ꿪ڸŵĵطƱҲǸĵطǰɫŮҾҲ֪Ǹʲô³
һ·񱼣ͬϼҴڣһһĹҰĺƹһҲ㣬˳¼Ǿ׵ġ
ζľƹݣ
ū
Ժ΢ĺһ˽ȥ
ԺӵĴ̳ƻ򵹣һҴľ̳ԭͲţһʪ͸ɫҰס
æǰסҡҡ׹ӡ
ɾ򡢴ˡץĸ첲촽Ҷ̳òײӹһ٣ǿܡܡ
ãҼʰˣֱӺߡ
ץվȵľſߡ
ոߵƹݵĴãմ󵶵Ҿ͵ס˴š
Ѫӵϻ䣬Ǵʪ¶ľɫص¶ͬаЦݡ
СӸոնĶˣ飬̫øˡ
Ǳ
Ŀ¶׹⣬ǰһﵲ
ô
Ҿη壬ų
ǻطɣֻҪһ棬Ǿͷһ·
ţժͷϵӡ
ܵҲȡԼͷϵݺݵ˭ҶһָҲҪᣡ
ﹻҪҲԣҪĴϡ
һҾ촽ȳ
ľ﷢УĿתضı䣬սӡ
ˣ
ಣ
ֵ켸ͬһʱ;ﶼ鲻Խ۾
ȥıؿϲһѴ󵶣͸ؿڣɫѪ·ϲӡ
ɴ۾һ֪ʲôı飬ͷؿϵĵ⣬ȥ
һ䣬ʲôûȱһշľƺιȥ
С
رã߾ųߣһd


163 
ͷѾûܹսϴˢˡ
һ, ޻֮
˷ǿ޺ͲҽѪı׷̰ոսƷ
ƹżҾƴŷӣմ󵶵ıҧ׷ϡ
վסңң
վ
ƹܵ, оЩ˸ʮ˴
ƽյĻ̬, ηŵ, ŰĶ, ֳӣһ̲ͣذȷɱ
ӳңôһ·Ѿļޡ
һ, ֣һƣ
ˡߣ
붼룡
ƹҧļ, ʹ̵ǰȥ
ĶӶµؽǣ֣ŬĲ
ҶǸ, ƹƴҲ첻׷ĽŲ, ɿתԽͻȻת, һԵĲׯ
ׯȥ¥ա
ֱܽԺڶȾ׵ĿյǰסҪųĶ, Լȥһ߿ź, ֻص, ҴҶӽҸȾײؽȥ죡Ҿ뿪ǰҪ
أӺ֡
ȥǰ浲һƹ, Ƭ̣һϺһĨ, úչǶ, ±ޡ
๫
ƹס, ۵Ⱦ״һƣԥת˻ȥ
˸պ벼ׯš
ƹ̨ϵĲòһصصںԺڡ
ƺǾ۵ΪܿЦ¶˸߸϶аЦ
ŮĸǣǸСҡ׳һøߴ󵶣ָɿ̧ųƹ
˲ˣֻһ·ߡ
ƹһ߾ٲòűľȳȥ
ֻҪ޶ҪҲգ
ƹû嵽׳ǰͱһиɼغˤȥ
׳ѪδɵĴ󵶣ƹ
ֱ˿̣ҲûжԺƹ˵һ仰
ֻܺ˶Ի
У˿̵ĺƹ㲻ˡ
޻ֻ֮ͽ޹ܡ߹ؿˣѼΣҲɱΡ
ɱɱˣɱɱûʲôͬľ컯µ
Ͳˡ
ֻǽѣֻװزƱƣ˺޹ϵɱв˿ϼѡ
׳һŲϺƹյĲҽ˲ò
ͷ˵־ƭ˵ġ
뵽ںԺصĶӺӣƹоͳ
һס׳˵ȣݺһҧȥ

׳˳ʹ󵶳޷ĺ󱳿ȥ
ಡ
һ֧/̴ƣ׳˷˱ǰƹ񻹴ĲҽС
˭
žе˿æתطӭϵȴ͸һ
ͳѪĵһѪڵϡҲתָ˲෽ĵ˺
׳Ҫˣؿһ֧/
ׯĴ⣬ȵϣһ/Žֵǰ
ҽнԺ
ߵڵϣҪܵĸ׳ǰ䣬˽ߵ˺ƹǰ
ƹѲвӿᡣ
³ͷþò벻ң
Ͷ˫Ȼϥϣɢؿ᲻ֹĺƹ
롪ˡƹĨᣬͷ
ȻôңԺҼҵƨֽ
ҪǮƹ
ã飬Ҳ塪ļ򣬳վ߰ɣźĶ
ƹæǴԺ
ӺͶӶضȾ˵Ⱦ˸ǡ
һ˺òط꣬˶ͷʹ
ϴӢ䱸ʹоӢеľӢѾɢһεں֮ڸǵĶ֡
װҾ
׺ݣΪܣ·ҵĲˣ洫յġ
ͷغ󣬺ܿͽս
Ҿ޴ƽһҲйϿһԴսܵҾ
ǲƽˣҲûаǵˡ
δͷصʱյ
²
˶ʲô˼
ף֮ҾҲ֪Լĵߡ
ֻʮıޣؿżŵıӣ䵽ﶼֻһ³

ĿͷĴǿѪʬס
ʧȥ˵İڿޣɱҾҲڿޡ
ս֮УûӮҡ
رͰүլۡߵĿﲻش
ձٸн
ܾľںԺ᷿Ϣε֪طڻ㡣
˭뵽ĵͷгһջһصССسأ
ͷصıİ٣͵ıж٣
ȣ֪үʵö٣ѾԸ˰Ѹѹ׵ĺöóдˣдܣʱͷŭ˵֪ñӱסˣǲԴҲ֪ܲܺúóϡ
ͻʱû
Ҫſڱ˲أ֪үöˡ
Ҿ˵;ǳ㣬չȻͬ죡Ҫͷػ֪Ҫأ֪طֺõ˵
ͷ˵Ĵˡ֪ظ͵ӻʶӢۣ֪ԺҪǶŮӺأ
Ӧ꣬ܵЦЦ
֪үҪٺȲõģȻһȾѪ˴˽Ϊͣŵdȵ
æ϶ƣ˿
֪طҲڵһʱӭӡ
һ֪صĸۡ;Ȼ֮أͨͨһôֱӽˡ
֪ظŭԣЦʤˣôҲ˵һٺôȫذյſӭӡ
ЩģֲǵһʶӡʹĻ
ףס֪صͷֽ̧еǸллó
һС˺ܿһСľ߳
Щ֪شľĸӣ¶ոµһǸлͽʿǵġ
Ϊһ֣̫֪ضжӡ
ؿ⻹˽⣿
ӵȻؿóġ
ôʣү֪Լ˵ʲô
ʹʣǿЦȻǴ˽
ŵ˵ͷġ
֪үЦúǿ
һУߴһͷүǵġ͵
֪ûּۻ۵Ȩ˼ϵѪûɣھͳԼ̫
ֻһмӦˡȻҲ֪ӵΪʲôҪһм
ȻҾˣβüգŵĵط
ͻû䣬֪ؾʶȤȻǾסļԺӣ
Ϊˣòű˽֪լԺĶϳ
ҿԺϡ
ϰᣡ֪صϡ
ǰԵķͦóԵġ
У
áһЦȻ֪Ǿ͹ˡ
֪Ĩ˰Ѷͷ亹
ߵǰһϣ˵߰ɣҴȥסĵط
֪س¾סĵطȴԼһϤɡ
֪ضԱˡСҲûŹȫ˸ԺҵС
һʱ֪ط޾ͰԺøͺױ
ߣɱȥ˼֪ǰɿͻ¿ףѰպdȥӪȵҪ˵
һżӳϵľƺͺȻظһոյĻ
زʲô𣿡
һӳȥǡô˵ĺף
ѽصͷ
׼ͷôã
ɡز˼ЦЦӶҲ׼
湬ԴĹûǧҲϰˡ
׹Ӳյǳ鷢


164 
Щʱ, ͺػؾɵء
ʻڰ͹ƽ￲ϣݳױüͷСܹ·ϲţʺ
;ߵĲﶼпﲻĲ׹
Ŀĵغ, ͷ
ƿʱԺ, ߻ʼĵط
ʮ½׺֦ͷ, ˮ¹ҹ繲, ڴ̵ҶƬԾһƬԡ
Ŵ󳨣տյѾ֪˶ٴϴ١
صĺüҾʧ٣һȳȵİ⣬￴κһ
ҳĵ, Լؤҹĺۼ
غͲԼͬѡѣЩ︯, øҪˡ
΢޵㣬еʺº͹߶Լ, ֻȻĸоĵһᣬ鲻Խۿ
ʲôԴ͵
ͷȥ, Լͷᡣ
ҲûޡӲ
𣿡
ظҪ죬һ̣Ӿͱ§˻
ʶ, ͵, ûʧĸһ, Ժ͵¹һ, ĺ󱳡
еûж
֮͵
ڹûи𣿡
ûСغԥؿڣҲڡ
ͽȻˡ
ҹ紵Ҷ¹ξԺ˰Ļ
ɿָԵز۽ǵǣȥ
ͺȻ˵
ʲô
ɿ֣첽ߵǽǼһ

õļëӣŰ
ͰѼëӵϣš
ӵ޵ľ
⻰˼Ǻ޼ëӵǺ֮䣿
زʶ̫ãסȻһ˿ص
ƿҲֱѹ˴һգۣ䷭˴
ŲƫҪظҪ½ˡ

ת֡
صĻ￨ں
ԥƬ̣ס֡
ѧǰĶȴѧ䡣òװѵȰϴͰ˫ֲҸ£СһֱӰ

زļ
ͰŵһװĴȹڵӣԼ̵պͶ
ò׻һˣ㲻ȥһרéޣ˵
ؿŲԶıҡͷ
ʱһ࣬˭֪ʲôҪ͵߱ˣҪ˻棡
ظæԼ
СԺﵽ˿Ҫٴ뿪ˡ
һ£ʲô͵֣ȥ
ллأˮﻹһˮľưҨһףܻع£ώδˮĸϡ
ʱȻˮͿľٶ㲻Ҳ
ǰˮزΪ
ͶĲӰ
Լᰭ£ǿͿѾ˸Ӽǿһ͸ǿˮڻǵԡ
Ʒ֮ϵʡ
ΪΨҪ
úݶףȴѡ
ܹѹ˺ȻѡһͬʵŢпһģᣬѤĿ
Ʋۡ
˹ȥԶ¡
ݱѾռݣҴȡݺ󣬾ԪͳͶϡ
仰գʱ¶˵
ģؾϲ̧ͷ
մǣǿлƣΪ೼Ϻõѡ
Ҳʼԥԭ
ǿ˫űʯʵ;һжֵˡ
ҪŲסˣˣٴ¡
ġ˵ҴӦ㣬һ
ظжʮ֣Ҫڣͽ˵
Ҷòã
һ˿
á
Ӷãµһã
á
Ӷãã
⡭ԥˡ
ʶҲйʱ򣬵ۺ˵Ͷáǣܲʵشɣϵĸô游ʣһ
ͼɫᣬתˡȲȵùµһҲС
ǰĹ˵ϲҪҪȥݣ
Ҫ˷ܵˣ𣿣
ԣôԡҪĶϵҲŪ˵
һӺ˵
ͷɸֵ
Դʲôʱܿϣ
ذľưһӣ첽Ժš
ϣȵˣ
Ͱ׷ȥ

պϵͷء
Եӭӣ뻮һ£˵šʱ߰˷η壬ŵ֪үͳŶͷŵĺ
ŵԣοֺ£οŶˣȷʵС
Ȼ治ɫƵȻظҿ϶Ŀƨ˿ɵˡ
ǽ°ͣõ֤ݡ
ҹǶüͷҲܲ³һҪʲôƨ
ǶԸĸҲ˽⡣
ôཫʿԶһҪúǣ֪үǰԽ̬΢Цͷ׼˺þƺòˣΪʿǽӷϴ뽫Ʋ
ʹĻ𣿡
֪ػɻʲôû룬ͼȵվһ˵ˡ
оְĶཫʿԭصȺ򡣡ʹױнӹƥȷط
Χ۵İգкģҲݡ
һǣȳ˳ȥ
½½̲סĵİС׷ϡ
Ŀĵأһ붼ûĵط
̮һѼȦȴȫΪ档ؿǿùͻżĻģ
ʱǨ»ĿľȴѽȻͬˡ
ʲô񻹻ء
ˡȷ
ֱվ£ſ˫ۡ
أصɴۡ
Ķʣ˵˫ֲֶһ¡
ɫһ죬ؿ
ԥΣ̽֡
ͺȻ֣һסĸ첲Լһ
ʧȥƽ⣬ˤȥڶ۾Ӳµ˺ڵľ˫ۡ
ûʹûб䣬һϤ˰ĵĻ
ڣ㻹ʲô˵
ۣ˫Ѿϵ档
Ͱһվ̧࣬ͷԸոȵdѶ
ʲôdãס
Էļһȵ
ŶŶԷңdһİƣȻʡ
ߵ£dվŲȵΧһȦҵһ㣬ýżⲦ˲ƺʲôͽ
һᣬڳһ
һľϣľĴ󲿷ֶ¡
ȵÿһһԵd
ˡ
dǰһסȻ󲻶ˡ
ؿȵ㲻͵֣Ҳɡ˳ԣһ˸ɡҡ
dСƢȵһ仰սɧ
ҲˣȺΧ۵˵
ǣ
ﻹûüػֻdһ𣬽µľ
ľ弸䡣
dһֱۺͲ¶½ʣһľҲľ֮󣬻ľ壡
dǺзҰް˻
ŲӶľ屻𣬾ǱԨľչ¶ȫ
صɴۣĿתؿһĻȫΧ۰ӵľ
䣡
dɿߵľȻأ𶯵ľ졣
һľҳǰ


165 
Ϊ, ؤмĵطȻж죡
ֵˣڳ˶ɴ۾Լ۾һһߡ
Ͱγ䳤, ȺٿȻ
ǰϦദǴһ˿Ⱥη忴İ͡
ĵƦå, һ֧Ӵľӻص˳ĵطݵͣҲӡ
ģսľΨ㡣
нù, Բλ಻ҽӽ
ʵؾϸĽ, ˶˳һ٬ɢڰγһ̣Ϊ¡
Ȼӵͷɳɺԣ˶룬ǰˣʶ
Ͳdƿľ壬ߵұԵ, ӵ, һľߡ
һ, ոµӼףĵһƬɫĺڸ²ڡ
Ⱥѻȸ
ʵǰܵļҵΪʰʱǰǶеⲻˣ
;ﳯͶѯĿ⣬ҲֻãȻҡͷ͵Ĵ˾ǰ֪顣
ٶǰ, Ǵ࿪ʵƷ˴ϵͳ, Ǵı/нȳһٶǰ, Ǵʾµū˰ǽڵһհ
͵ŲװǣΧգ񣬴ҡҡ׹֮£ѣողʧȥѵĴӦκ˶
Ⱥ˶϶ĳ˺۾ͷᣬߺޣȭͷա
ֻһأɷ͸øɴ£һӹµһʲô˼ԸͶЧ࣬ΪɽһǴңһͷأյĴʱڴ˵رΪһԱǷĲξߣȫ䱸Ͱӿ죡
˵꣬Ⱥɧ
йνĶķϰһĬĬԵվȺУԴӵżְԲĴ󺺣㶼¶⶯˽һ̴Ӻһе̶ðһʼûгһڵ̶ɴȫȥ
Ҫϼ꣬һʱ򡭡૵ʱ
Χ֮˽ͷӶոǣҲȺԣʣʣŮܲξ𣿡
Ӧá԰ɣ˿̾ھеС⩣ش̫϶
ʣʡͲǺĻ𣿰Ҵͷ硪һֱۡ
ʲô˹
dȵǰվĵط͵ļױң˷ֹһ̧صס
ܲξ𣿡ʳ˿ڡ
ʲô֣׶ϣúļ/ɡü
̬ôöţողǲǸ𣿣
԰Ҷˣǲ𣿡
㡪
ߴߴɡ͹ϳû˵˵ɣҪ֪ξСĴȣղɡ
ã·ˡ
ƿԵظһ첲˹
ߣ๫ˡ
أؾȵͷŻædˡ
һʱֶ๫Ҫ㲻𣿡ѹüͷҪǡ
㣡ؼæĻ
֪
ļ̵ȥ
صסҺͰذǰ
и
ɫ࣬زɽʲô⣿
ʮڶʹӦͶ˭
ΪʲôֱͶԪۣѿڶ
ӵֱͶԪۣ𣿡ͷʡ
ȷ
ֱӸԪдţĿܾݱ£ͱְ򷢡
Ԫ̫ѫ֮ҵıְһޱҪλ졣
ػǵһѯأڴ֮ǰҲй鷿ľ顣
룬ڵ
ʮڶʹųгӢڶʹڰر㲻˵취к˽µͷžʦҲɱ֮𣬱ȻԡӢڶʹĵ̲ȥӢõļڶʹҲͶ
һųĸڶʹ
ʣµģڳ͢αȨ֮ҡڵǽͷݣǵСʹҲ޿κ֮٣ֻҡڲһջᱻ̲
;ϲ͵񼫴عأ˶񣬼
ֽ̬ȼȷִ֧ƽѵֻ򴨽ڶʹڶʹߺڶʹ¤ڶʹڶʹҺ࣬㣻ߺڶʹ⣬¤ڶʹѹ֮꣬ಡ齣¤ֲûң򴨽ڶʹǡβ꣬˽ⲻֻ֪࣬˳꽫ţھҲ塣
һųѡ񲻶ˡ
˼һᣬ˵Ҹ򴨽ڶʹдһš
¾ʱ̫죬ز㲻룿
ʲô棬Ҳûиõѡ񡣡͹ϵѡǡϱϴԼϴǻô˵ģˮ
ͲǸˣҲȰˣ̨īһĥīһʣͨ˭ţ
ͨվ
ʡ˭Žǡ
˭վĽŷ򰡡
㲻ʶǡдţؾ֪ǡһܽӵ㲻ȥź²ܵǰ
ͲΪԼʧӵ¡Ҹ˭򹤲Ǵ򹤣ƫǡƨɸ㣿
⻰ȥеë˵ë޻
Ǻ£ôͱһ㣿
̾һſհֽҪдʲô
ͿھдӴͶ㣬ͬͬ⣿
سĬˡ
κɵؿڵôǡ˵Сǲǻûȡ𣿡
ֱ׳յţǾȡˡ
аɡƨ˵ԽǺͳ˷ͬһ㡣
պȡī֭һйǵݽд̧ͷ
²ؿţһһֵرд
һʼܶľӣԽߣüͷšԽҲԽ϶
򹹴ãþ޴ġࡢʡ
ʣńŊͣʾ
дôӣǡöôͲ
ǡԹ󣬵Ȼö
ӳãһڡ
ĶĶؿЦãҽֵʱ㲻棬ƫҪѧʫѧʷ飬ҪôńŊҲʶ
ϵńŊôˣϵҲû˸Ǯֹ
ذдõֽŵһԣһſհŷдǡĴ
˴ʵīյź֮߸ԥΣʣд
ݳ;
˵;ʲдŷϣʵغδżʯ󺣣ðȻŷд
Ϊ˱ʾʧǸͲѣм䳡滰
ȫдشīżװŷ⣬ϸطװ
㡣
󹦸ɣֻżݸ͡
ϡͶ
ţ
һѽӵʹԴ
ӵĴ󱦱


166 
ļ, 򣬵ͷסˣֻҪǰ¶һ, ۣܳ
ԶҲξˣﲻˣӣƨ, ˼û, ȥտ
Ҫտģӵģ, ͵ɸѡȻ뿪˱Ķ顣
ǰ߰ѹ, ںߵǼǲξԱ
ӡûдأ̧ͷ, º͵
С, гвơӦص΢Цɫͨ죬ȵس½ǡ
ڰֽд³вƼ, ʵסַ
ʲʲôסַ
ھиһ, Ҫϵͼ͸ĵַ
СҲи𣿡в𾪵
ûеġͶ⣬⻰ͷ¶ǽģǶҪŽ˵ĺã
ѾǼǹʿӵķӦٸһ, زɫ΢죬ǫá
, Դ˩ϵ׼
Ǹⶫ, ֻиߵȾְ˲С͵ȾְҲУͨͲԼϡڻС͸˵ˡ
вǱžúͿСͷءһ߿, ûΪСԼһս, иԽˡ
õ϶Ļش, вæԼĸͳֵסַؽױʶĿдϺ󣬷һѼӵĴֲɰꡣ
ɰҪЯСķˮԺʱǻµǼһϢֽľơ
ӹɰСطؿڣмл뿪Ŷӵĳ
һǰؼĵѯֺסַ
һļǧ׳
Թ۵үˡͷص׳һӾͱͳȥ֮꿪ũ˭
үƫ˯žЦúϲ£졣
ͷĴӪһˣ׼ĸױġ
εһ죬͵ҪϤĺ
ȵȣ
ϳо;æ̽ͷ
ϼҴڵ
ﳶԼϵܵ
ҡһһȥݣ㡢ܴܲǣһһߣ
үĸףزֹˡ
赹֮ǰһͷǣƤҪͷĵƤǸɾ
ҲشӦˣаҪԺȡ
û⣡Ƕˣؾ˫֣ռĺҶ
һɫȵ˳
ҪȥݵĶҴȥо
Ⱥһӵϡ
Ϳʱߵǰĺһ֣üүҲҪȥԿࣿ
ʹˣԲ˿ˡһԳһǰһƣ˵㢣ȥͶĸ뽫·տһ
͵˵ͷͱһ˳鲻Ըǰߣ󿴣ĵʣ˾ˣ治Ҽ֣ѾҲð
ѾˣҪѧһһޱ
㢽󣬺һһ֣ĸ׳̧˳
ӸһأԵ֮С
͵棬һִľ䡣Ľ𶧡
ݱѾ̾Ѿãפݺ󣬰ٷϾˣ֪ҺǶķһϯ֮أ
һݿķͨ͡
ӣǿ͵Ǳǰʾðˡ
˶һۣ˴˶˼
ȻפݣݴԶү
һֺ΢Ц
ͷصݣһձ߸ءֻ˶ˣٶҲȻˡҹڹٵӪϢغҪ˯£Ȼ
ʶǽҺǽǲһĽ飬ǻϽҽȥ
Ҳˣ
ɫ԰׵ؿ͡ⲻĶͷ
ôô֣ͱ÷ë
ͣͣķһûӦ𣬳ɤӽͣ㻹ܲ
͸Ҫ´͵ץסֱۣȥ
Ϊʲôɶͷԣһͷˮؿ
֪ʣ㶼ϴˣȥʲô
жҲܲͽϴʲôϵʲôʱ֪ˣͲ
㡪˵ļְ᲻˼˼أһȻҪ
㲻ȥټطƢΪ˲ٶ糾鼱֮׿ܣرסĸ첲
ͿŹԼ첲ϵˣֳԾԻϲá
ȷһ¡һӣڳԷĴ𣿡
ߵЩŮˣʫӽĸȷв
ض޶ãȴƫƫһʮϲĹѸĴף
ӵĵ
ϵ⣬еԼ⣿
;һǰߡ
ܽ½ôΣȻ޶Եʡ
ﻹ߽кûҪæǲҹġȻ֮׵ĳԴףо֮Ҳ߲ܰܡ
ָ첲Ϲ˸˵ƣ˵
ûһᣬÿ˽
Ѿϴͺأ˸ǣԲסˣӡôȷʵЩҪҪͰæӰ๫һʱ
Уشʧɫ
һ˵Ҳӡѹûᱻܾ룬ΪǵͰΣ
ģǲԶģ
ˣѻĸ첲øУ
¶ɻı顣
Ҫһȥ˵ҡ
Уز˹Ƶҡͷ
ô˵ؾһ仰С
״ȻʧǿЦӲǾˣ취ɡЩ˯
ת߳
סȴҲġ
Ϊʲôȥתͷء
ȥˣҲˣ
Ʋ֣ͷ˯
ȥˣ
ȥɣ
ȥˣ
ȥ
һûػͷһƨ˻ˣ
ôȥ𣿣
ñӸסԼͷ
ˣȥɣֲޣʲôְأ
ڰμžһ
ڣ޿̵һ߿ӣỨԲԲίʮصݶ
ҲǮ
ֻҪ뵽ڷܻ£оͳƺɬ۾ͲԾطģ
ƨǰ˵ԼĴ󱦱Ĵ󱦱ͻˣ
Ĵ󱦱
ߵһСȭͷͷϴһỹžžવص
ˣǽ죬ƨȥ﷮ˣ
Ͳôôȥְ
ѵǹԵġһҹްն
ģˣҪĿҲˣѲزپҵ
СرԼϥڴϣԲԲ۾ĬĬᡣ
񱻼ȼյĻѣÿƤڸܼʵʹ
ʹһյʱնصǣһױƴҴʰĽ


167 
벻, ڵġ
ڵģ˵ûеơ
ûеƻʲô𰸲Զ
رųױƣΧһȦ, ȷȫλûеƹ©ӷΡ;ôȲ𣿣
תߣֻͣ, ͷݺݵڵ񡪡һҧ, һͷ˽ȥ
²֪ʲô, ּ谵һſ棬ԼױƾͲ˳ȥ
صһɤۣµرսۣϢȴܽӴ, Ȼ, Ԥеʹδ, һֻǧһ֮סֱ, һ˳§뻳С
ôˣͲ
£һƬڰ
ոǻһƳûпӰ۾Ӧڰ󣬵һʱڻ谵ѰҷӰӡ
⣬һˡ
أ̲סʡ
ﲻ
һʲô
ش͵ʱ, ˤʱҲڻױơ
ʲô
س, ѾױƵĺиǡ
ǶĽκʹССڻ谵зĹ⡣
Ŀ, ޴ؿʹķơ
ֻĴС, ڰҹȻԡĽչ᰿裬˳ķ֮һС֣ķź֡
ǰѼҵˡ
״μķƣ̧ͷ۽ϻմء
ʲô
ƿԣ֪ﲻǲɾȵɨÿ䡣
ǰʲô
ҡҵ㡭ؽͰ͵
˭뱻ƭʱ˭ܰƭ
üëһԥƨ
ңί
һ̬֣ʫӽĴףԷĴףΪҺͷйŮҹһһ鱦ͷ񡪡Խ˵ɫԽɣ㲻Ϊʲô˵Ĺɣ
ȥˡûôǿģֱԼϵ๫ҵĸ¼
ûУ
ؼæּССƵ塣
ԭһ˵ķӦȴԵ֤ʵϷԡ
ŵĿ£̵ӱߵĶʯգһתܡ
ûͱһ̻ء
ϡ
գǿֱ۾ҧгݵ
Ϊڷʲô
ѡ÷СѲ֪ؼæҡͷ
㲻֪ʹս鱦뷮ͼģ
ԡ԰ҹͼɫá
أһͺȡ
غŪȥˣƹˤ֪ˣ
֪ʲôˣ
֪ңѿڶ
һ£ѻȸ
ʱͣˣĳȥˣ
ֻʣͺĿԣ𾪺Ի֯۵ףȻɴΪŭĻ
ⷴӦ԰
㲻֪ǰԵðؾ֪Լ˸
ϵĸ
ض²ᱻƨˡĴҪˣ
ӡͶһ£öˣΪҪɫҺڣ
ࡢңƨɡǿǮѵǿ𡭡
ҡͷѲ͵ָɽ
ȥţһ̾ͱͿеֻס
ı࣬һӴʶһѪյ
죬ӻţĶҲԽ
أ
Ͱϣΰ
ױ鱦һ齡
ԲıִĽͷΣʵ÷ʤӵأɵɵؿϵͣڶ峺Ҳıʯ
Ϊʲôֱؿ
ҡΪ㡭õļְ㡭ؽͰ͵
Ҫ𣬱͵ֲٴΰ
ôҪң͵ͷ
оҲһ̾Ҫɤۡ
򡭡͡㡭
Ψ˵һ־⵽ͷ۾ɵԲԲģ
湻˼ҧгݵ˵ŷҲ㡣
ֱסһء
ϴصĴɻãŻȻ߷
˫ۣƴȴ͵һϡ
ֻ㡣˵ҪҪ
ҪҪض߿ˣ˵Ļſǻ
ĲҪͼĶƻ󣬡㿼һ£ҪҲûУֻ㡪ֻ㣬أӵǮ㡣
ֻ㡱ֲصҡ
ӵۣ͵˫ֳۡ˳飬˳˳ȥ
Ժ󻹻Ȣ˵ġ૵
˵仰ͬʱеһʹķ
ҲȢͺԥ
Ȣġ
سڵ̬ȴܼ
üȢȢ˵ȢǲȢ㻹ƨϱ˵Ĵɣ
˵ʲôأصڵغˣֿʼҪ´ͷʹ״ң˴˾µ
һѰסļֱɴ۾ŵػš㣬ӲҪŮˡ
ڲҪ˵ԺҪء鲻Խ
Ҳ˵ĸ֮󣬺ˣɽ
ŵ˯Űˡһһٵ壬ʼˣ䲻㡣
صʵֱĳŵֹͣˡ
Űɵؿ˽ս
ͷģأбŮˡ
ͺȻֱָָ֣Ͽա
ΥģΪˡ
Űæȥĵ֣ȴܿ˵ʣµԡ
֮ء
رˮ֣޻صԾˣֻһɵɵؿ͡
˫غš
һأ𣿡
ʱ˺͡
Īĳ嶯ƶصĻشѿڶ
á
ϱһɡ
жԱȲз֣žǰ͵ȴشƬϾкͽš
׵Ϣڿ
˯ձҪſԼȻĽŲ
˲Ȼһס졣
ĽŲǻһƺǼ˹עÿŵ˽
˵ʱʱ죬һת˲ߵſڵĲ֮ͣظһѾ˷ֱƷ
˭˭˾ʧ
˵˭
תͷһŵûɢͣô㣿
й¹⣬ؿòȻǸǨӵĶǵ̵ʵϰ壬ȥһĶɷ
˵Ҫ˰ɣ˸ǰգƤôô񣿡һŲ˺󱳣һѹ۵ɫҰȴֲҴкȢ֪ҹѸ𣿡ʡ
⡢ʲôϵ
о֮¾ҵ¡һֱ۷
Ĳҽлδ;ͺݺһĸķ
üоԼĸ첲͸Ҳʹ
ٷɧϵľͲֱֹֻˡ˵
ŸҡҡλεѾֱۣŲ·ӳ
˰ɣ̯˫֣๫ͷװס
ǡɻ
ߺ˸ǣߣҪպǡ￴Ӧ˭֪ϼһתͷȢ˸ʮ˹š
ͿɫԣȻӦϵ
Ѽĳѣҡ
ز
ӷ⵶عѣ


168 
ҲŲҪ⵶عѣ˵, ҪôԼңҲŲ
ϵһǧꡣ
ƨƨ
βƴڻظոǶ̹¶ļ֮Ĳڡ
Ŀ÷ɶ졣
ͼɢĽ, ֱױƣһֻ֡
ߣȥˡ
أ
ҹȥˡ
°, ֻڰա
, ŤŤسԼȹǣһᣬ̧˫, ͵ֻĶȵڰա
һɿ, ̵һ˲Ҫ硣
ס, ߳˻谵
ͷ½ԣбӰ˫
صЬڰ͹ƽĵϣϸСʯʹҹĻ, Żŵĳһһ, ߣʴӵĴε, ȴ־ͣĵط
ĲӺһСгȴţȴʼոĲ
ȻǵһβŶеʱ
Ŭ׷Ŵߵͣܿ췢ˡԴԺҲû׷, һء
ĵص
, Ҳһֱص
̧ͷ, Ʈһԣһ˫ѵȴʱ׽
Ͳ֪˶ãڵȵĻһЦȡ
Ƕ緢ǰҲֻȻʧɫ
ˮһ¹ϣɴʮָĵط
̣ѪҺʧصһӿ
͵Ŀ»ӿֽŽֱǰߣӻڰǽٻȴ÷顣
ϵĸҪӢ
ҪȻôô죿ܸо
еˡͺȻ˵
̧ͷ˼ı顣
Ϊʲô
ˮת˼ǡǰô࣬˵Ϊ찲ź
ؿûôá
Ϳκ˵
ֻ㲻֪Լжá
û˵ôã
ؼҡͷ񶨣һɿ־ĵð𡪡־һǲʵһԸе
Ϊ˻ӦڴҪٴѪģصԼ
ؿ͵۾ίͲ˵
ҲŮ죬ͨգʶȣˣʲôȴǳ嶯ֻ鷳ʲôᣬԼᶼƲˡ
صžžવص¶ˮ͸ˮմڽëϣŨܳһһһ˸˸
˭˵ʲô᣿
ͣ½ŲǣҲͣ½Ų
д֣黭ʲôֻҪһξܵ㻹ͣῳۣĵ߹ȴƽȣϲ㣬ȸϲ㣬Ҷϲ㣬Ҳϲ㡣
أǸĸ֪˭С΢޶ŵѪͿɹƭһ졣Ҫ㣬Լֶдȫ
Ͳ۽ǵ飬˵֪˸һҲ֪ܰѳյ㰮ޣ嶯ˣҶ֪ǺϵЩСëʲôϵСëһ𣿡
غҡͷ
ôƨƨһĬĬܹ
ǲҲһ֪ʱ򣬸ܶݣ
ûʲôᡣ
ս֣ǰȥ
ҺӵеЩȱݣ˵
Ϊʲô㶵
ɰ𣿡
Ȼؾȵ
óء
ֻвȱƴϡתͷԣ㲻ҲûϵֻҪǱ˴һʱġǾˡ
ֻвȱƴϡ
͵ĻصѾתͷȥˣ
һ¸߹ҿУйء
ڻ£ȴȻ¸ӶĿҫۡ
ϵĸܷϵɡǰܵЩ¼źĮǷҲΪүź
øáú
ȻͲ׽
ͷ˵Ҳô
ʲôʱ򣿡
ǰصǿҾô롪ĿƵؿǿҺϲҪôҲܵõ
ȵĿģߡ
ժС
ժû˼ͽס֣ҲҪȥӳɻԡ
ɽһ£»ڴ
꣬Ƿޱߺʱ⡣
鲻Խۣ򿴲֮ĬĬϣߵĽ֮·ܹһЩһЩ
ãһ⣬͵ͷ

ԶʱѰӪ
ݳ⣬Եȫ߽䱸ݳǷѾԶسսʮ㣬ȴ֪ǵõϢ֮ǰǰǱиҵݡ
ڳⰲӪկڵҹ˳ţӦϷҹϮ
ķڳͷһְɪɪڼУһŵ߳ţɱѾ
ЩӴģһⶼĿĵطһŻͼĸɺҶ
ճ֮ʱг³صԭ֪ۡϣӡ
غĹһס
ǼҲӪҵ֮ʱӵһֱŵֵڣ̨¿ҵĶǵ̶̣վͳΪֿȵĵ̡
صĹ𻨾Ʒ̳ʱҲյ򴨽ڶʹǡĻţǡͶϣΪ֪Ϊ򴨾һԱ
ѴαѾҲ½ԸҾΪѹิһƺѾԶ
һжźõĵطչ
֪λ˳еһƬӣҹһ뿪֦ͷ衣
Ҷһ齼ϡ
˳ָɫ쾻ɳ䴹䣬ס˷׵ָǡ
ˣ
ͶһƮɢټȫޡ
زȥӵı飬ĵ
²δʵʿˣԿֻǹȨ֮ƣס
Էʲôˣ
ԷͣʮжԭСĸ켣ͷСɵĶЩ¾Ĺݣ֮Ϊذٻ
ûзֻü
Ȼһ·׷٣ݸʧȥټ
˵˽ۣó۵Ĺȴģˡ
뷵ݿܴܲõ˭֪ûݾھҾӣбмſڣһ׾ӵݺ֪һҲûҵ
⻰˵Ǵӵ
ǸСˣԪۺʱһףһסӽ赶ɱ˵ʱô֪Խ˳Ϲϵ
óã绹ǲΪ
ӣүˡѾ߳
ʶȤˡ
߽󣬿һ۶ؾƿĿ⣬ֱߵĸǰ
˵ԽϢˣ
߳˷š
ףȷ¡㹧ҾϷ絭ᣬ˿ɫͣټʧ
ҪǡüԽŮѱʲôΣգȵۺ͹ֻһѪиʲôʧ֮Ҳˡ
ǣӶȻǿ֣Ѱع
齼ϵҶ
б䣬֪


169 
ֻ֪ݹ⸴, ϸ֪˵
ʾ档
º󣬶˲ŮպöŲн룬ǰ齼ϷֱһյðȲ衣
һ, Ұ򴨾еߴ߱, ɹ, ػ򴨾ϽΧ֮ǰ֪, ֪һ֧䡣
ǡľвδἰ֪һ¡
ڴ˴ָ, ɫ£ü¶֣ǡӦݵĹӡ͹ͻس͢, ɳ͢°䷢ǡʡȥһ裬ֱһݳ, ݡǴݣ򴨽ڶʹݣ
, ȻǡĿѲ԰Ѳһ¡
ѵӣ£ͲҪڱ¸ǰˡĳǸҽվڷ˼ϣҲС˲ԡ
׽ѵǡ
ѹ⸴룬¼ŷܹؾ, ڶʹѴػ, ڰֽ, ;ڵĽڶʹѴӦı׻׻̵, ΪѾЩڶʹ, Щ˿ڱºΪϣ㼸ֱ棬ֻ򴨾ǡΪưҪЩ˼
㵱Ҿ
겻ТͷΪҷˡ
¶ο飬Է
Ҹӣؼ⡣
ɫʱˣΪҪʥϣһЩһš
ǰһһ¡
ˣ䡣ڸģæİɡ
վΣڸ뿪ԭȵλá
һƺƮľпտҲƯƬҲˡ
Ŵ⣬ȴʲôûʲôҲû룬۵׺һյޡ
ض
һૣŵĺ
ӣ⴫Ů
ĮȻ·ӡ

紵鷿齼Ϲѿ
Ҵ̤鷿ĿڵĽɫƬɨһۣһ٣ͷſڵŮһżڵǰ
ŮȻϢ߽鷿ּʰ
ߵǰŸϥһӡ
ʾ
մݰЪϢһؼһ㱨
ǧķиֻҪܰϹӷֺҲۡ
ȥݣջ񣿡ʡ
ǡȷʵ紫һĿˣھ϶רУãΪҳʿԸϳ⡣
.
֮ǡܹշ𣿡
ҡͷԡˮʯһ֮
û˵ӻóһż㣬뿪ڶʹʱţһţԳݳÿܶãܳһݡ

õ׿ϣǰ
ЯģȻһ˿еüͷ΢ɲ塣
ա
û΢С仯ϲǣ
Сţĵ˳
żݱԸ࣬ݵ䣬ʹŷ
һֽϵ󣬸˼Ǻ飬λƺ鰡
¶ɫ
ôˣ˵
Ӧʫ飬֪ΪΣʼȴǡǹһּ˸ȽϺ˵ѧõͯ硣
֮˺д֮Ӧǲͬʿ˶٣ֻǲ֪ΪҪһ١
ĲҲĲ⣬ֻּǴŵص㣬˲δᡣ
óѹżµֽƽ̯ڸǰ
ŴͬСĻС
һӢϽΧɵͨһӡţΪݶС
ݳڡ
СԵ֡
һͨϣдš񼫡͡Ѽ֡
һڴؿ
֪ΪʲôŶˡ
ǡ֪ȻǴڰȫͨ׷ɱĽپ֮ˡǱڰ֪ܰ಻׵ܵұܰ
ɫƶǽ͸¶ڰ򺫷꣬Ӣ򴨾ȻĦʱֻ֮
ԭΪǴһ㲻ùչգҲõͷϵıû뵽ɫȻ޶ԡ
ʮı鶯ҡؿŸ㣬̽˵𣿡
Ӣ򴨾ģҲʧΪһǣƵطİ취ֻǡ̧ۿƽ̫ˡ
룿
Ҫһڣ׽򴨾β󲻵⡣
ɫ
Ҫһշټ򴨾⻰ˣֻ˵˵Σ⻰ǴӸ˵ġ
ֻеη
ûй£һǰӭж⡣
񣬶ֻǹµķˡ
һ٣ķ˹ӵʱ䣬빫𷣡
Ϊҳı㡣һұҪȥݣԸһ
Ը⣡
㲻ʴȥʲôģ
ܹκ£֮¡
ճյ
κޱطԼǰıʼյĮ
ż¶һĨЦ⣬ѾǶĽ͡
˴ǰݣΪ෴ڼУ񣬳ڶʹ̽鱨⣬ҪҲ֪ĵϸ
йʧ
ȥϢɣһҳ
ΪӶĹģһмȥˡ뿪󣬸ϵŻ
Ѽ
ڡ
ͬļһķ
һǰڽǴζݶӴӼ¸֡
˫۾Ŀ
֮Լֶˡ
¶̣Żһӽֽ¨

ڡ
氲ڶʹššɱƬ촽Ц
ڶʹ˱ֶô¡
Ϊ˴Ļ˳أ֪۵ĸǰòóԼҸԺƫԺû̵һȺҾס˽СԺȥ
ԭĻΪϾصλڶʹǵŶӵ
صھ֪ңÿ˶Ĭشװϯ˾飬ÿǰһյһģÿ˶Լͬû
һˡ
ǰŻɽëĲˮѾȹ⣬Ѵɵһӽŵм褷һֵ
л½ڶʹ佱ҶҲôأ
ɫһԭûɫĳ˿̸Ҫȥ
Ϸ򣿡
ǡͲԶֻǵͷǰĲյٽȲǵЦ⡣
ᣡôڶʹ˼ң
˼Ҽͨͨƫƫ˵˲þ
褰֪Ų˵ճɼҲãжˣ
ееģһꡭ˵͸ˡ
¶ŭɫҪѣһֱϹ۵ǡʱڵ
½ڶʹŭ֪çֱڿ죬е֮½ڶʹҪͬһƽϡ
һδĲյ̧ЦЦؿų褣мֻжӵ˲֪
褿˿ΧĽڶʹ죬ĿıĿǡһƴȨкܶ࣬˷ѵʱһվ˶ûС
ҲûɵüʯͷغһĿ˵ˡ
Ӽʱ־ټľһֱǶҲûʲôмֵķ
ɢǡӳǰԶ̬Զľ԰Ϊλӷϴλ˲Ҫƾܡ
ǡԸ˷׷ǣԸǡǽͷݺ򴨾˶
ϯȻȱˣǡ¾ݹϵȸ輧Ůþһ
Գģ§˺Ⱦơ
ϧģ˶ԡ
Ψͣ˸˵ľ룬˶˾޹ǵ㿿˵
һ¾һ˵áǸֻд


170 
˰塪Ҳ, ҲˣüĿҸŮҪء
ͳѾߵ, Ҵ, ǰϺȵʲôѼë࣬õ㡪Ҫȥŵܵܳԡ
Ѿ߲쿴һ, Ӧ뿪ˣ˰, ʳ, 
Ŷ߸˵ȥǡǱ
ǡƺ˫, ¸ʱ򣬿ʹСУҹɫ֪Ъ, һٺһͬɡ
, ӶȻڵ, ʱȥ, ܸһѼëࡣ
ǡڵü, ɨڶ, ¶, תͷȥ˵ˡ
Ҳ, ԹԵع˹֣ת߳ѱǡΪ԰ԭ֪סԺ
ҹĻ, dȵڴլǰ
ϳ, ȵ޼ݳ, dȲشʹСʳ
һķݺdħצʣµʳУžشֱ
ɩӺ͵ܵܵġ˵
d鲻Ըջ֡
뿪ʱ͵Ϊڡƣ˳ͨ˾ݳǷ
ȡãϿڹǿŵС˴֣ƶûǹˡȵޣͷ
ڡڡd߶
ǡثֺ֣´ڰѣһ˵ͬˡһȲһѴЦ˯ˣͷء
Ƿƻľ񹤵ʵСȵ˵ǡȻҲ벻ΪǣǼԶиĿǣ
ΪΪd
ô˵ģ¹˭һdͷϣ߰ӴһίͰ͵ر쿴
Լ˵˵ģʲô
˵𣿡Ϳȵ𣿡
ȵҡͷû˵ҪѪˣӢޱȣ˭
ѧĴʻ㣬dѪˣӳ㡣
dпѱ磬ݺݵ˼һۣŤӴӱͣȥˡ
³׳ڴµĵһثͷӵĴµһǰһݣһµһжţѪ˴˵Ҳܶ·
һ£ɩ𣿡ȵʡ
ҡͷһ־Լңһ˰̾ͣ
ϵķ˵Ϊ˸ʡ£ɴŲԼա
ˡԼַöࡣ
壬ı󶯣Сȵһ壬һ㵽Ѿˣ
˻еģֻǲ˶ѡǫ
粻˫ȫǸǫǫӣС
㹧άã˵Ҹŵڳһһȥ
dίǽǻȦȦûˡ

ˡ
УͥԺʱ
һ;ҴĻذŸѾС˰Ժľջ裬ͷؼôƽ׽˵ӣһһҪæһƫҪæԺҳһš
սʤرŸ˽ڳĻһְ¡
һ˵;ջỻ˸ص㣬һοʼˡ
ƵشΣĲݼϣɫľջҹҡڣسڴ̨ϣΪпĵһꡣ
ŮqֱۣϿȴֻԼһͷˮ
ˣڿʲôأ
ⳡôãˡ˵
!qȻٿµ飬˲ͬĸ룬̫ˣȥļľͲ˰ɣ
ǰ˶ܰģЦҲٺҷֿˡ
q¶˷ֵܶЦݡ
ΪϰߣΪ˸һУоͰݽӻŮ
սʱ︸ĸΪһӽδǵһоְѾ檣ѾսҲ˳͵ȥʱ︸ĸ׼޸һʮ򣬲ĵܵȢޡ
Ӹ︸׵ĲϣҶĵƬɪɪϺϣƸҲﱾ¡
Ϊ˱ǿȨƣﵱд
ͲŮ֪˵Ůq
ҹɫԽ껹¡
ɵͻδ
ز̾˿
ϴ˯ċqһˣػſڴ̨ϣĿŴŵķ˵˲˯ɣȥ˾ݣһܸϻء
q˵Ĳ޵ʧ뿪˴̨
ϴºϹڿļӴ˯޺ϵċqϧҵĶҪлˣջҲͿˡ
ʲôˣ
һϤٿ
ףߴͦε߽ԣֶʳУֱֽֽϡߵԲǰϵĶж¡
q֪ʶȤ뿪ݡ
齣Ҫסµףһ˵ˣء
µִϣһƨǰǿãϵĲˮһ
ýˣŵһ˿ζ
ȾˣҪҪóЩԵĵӣصĵ
ûȶ١ͷʣԹô
ظ˵ڶ֪һ˵ԹˣЩ
ãҸ˳Եġ˵һԵ˯
ͽʳУ¶һµĵġ
ȥһȡػδ䣬qܽʳС
ëëŵģ֪𣿡ͰҪ治ô죿
ˣܷ㣡qﲻطʲôģϽ㣡
˵˵Ͻߣһ죬æߴ١
ʲôѼë࣡ȥһæƳ
qѲڻˡ
ߵġ˵
Сƽʲô˵
Һƽϡ
ʹ˹һ뻳С
ϣûУ
Ưƣࡣ
֪
֪üҿˡ
ʲôˣ
ˡ
֣õ߲˲ģҲ̵òУڴƽ״̬г룬κ˫壬зֺѻᡣ
ϵĸû˽̹Դѽ
Ϊתע侲һЩ˸⣺
϶˵Щʲô
ϻȫķϻüĽһţΪ˭˵𻰣ֻûԴľӣܳɹŹ֡
ͻû˵꣬Ƴز飬æ
ոճĦҲģȳ͢Ĵ󽫾ˣˣҲͰˡ
͢Ĵ󽫾˭غ
ڻ֪˵Ԫλҡͷ˵ûϵ
ȺõĵĶˣqＫСԼĴڸУһ߳ؼüŪۣһ߷ʳ߾Ͱȱӣ𼱻ǵģ񱳺ѼҪƨɡ


171 
Ѽë, һϲ˳
ضü辭ȱٲ裬ȴδ˵Ѽëš
ҿһ, ڿնյв΢, ƯеҶƬд̡
ɢڿеĲ, ζƳ
زⲻǻɽë𣿡
ɽë廹ǻѼë, úȾУԡһڴؿ
ضյºһڡ
ôʡ
ɽëغȹ٣Ʒ²Ҳڻ¡ⱭɽëƷʻ벻ֻۣҪһ뵽ǧΪ, ⱭζͱǰȵвҪ
úȡ϶صͷ
Ӿ֪ϲġ¶, һ궹ɳ־ιأ
Ҫȥ磬㿪
졣˵
غ, Ƭ촽ſһС졣
Ͱɢ춹ζĶɳ־ս, ȥҧ, ͺȻ, һóѻЦؿһ ϷŪ, صɴ۾
, ЦˡٴμŶɳ־
ذŰɵ죬ǻûҧ, 춹־ȳܽ͵
ƨ, ذҰҳԸ
Ҳˣ
, Լһ֥Ž
Ǻ춹־ʲô˲ģҲƨˣ
ĲЦ, , 졪˵
߿ߺߵб۶
߲ߣĺóԣָ췢ģ治Цˡ
춹־ٴ쵽ǰδ춹־Ȼִŵͣڰա
Ѿһ߿ͣ߻һϵ
ǰĺ춹־۲ܵ·СĽſ졪
ûüأ춹־ͱͽ
춹ɢ
춹־УùҲĿС
ɾǴ˿̣û˿СֻҵǻǿŴڸС
ôó԰ɣʡ
غС
ˡ˵
ʲô̧ͷ
ֱ׳ι˰
㡪ĿΪʲôι㣿ֲҽιҵģ
ҲܡһţһӵѾιˣҪǲιӣӾͲˡ
ġôˣ

Ѿιֻҿ˸з
зһξ˳죬һ߽һһΪᶺء
Ҳö㡣˵ҹ·ѾˣҲͬƽϡ
û˵ȴͶݵĻ
ǴܳŴȻͬһƽϡأ¿езһ˿֪᣺⼸նʲôˣ
ò˸ڣͲһ㽫յг̶˵˳
ܲ⣬ջ裬ԺĶ̿ˣҾͽټ˴;ջᣡȻҡ
⼸û𣿡ʹĻ
ôûȥÿ춼ȥʶرܿߡ
ȥĶˣ
ȥй䣬ɽռ±㡭
ôû˵һֵĶķǼϣ
һûü˵
أͳһֵĶķڶʮ⣬ü˵ʲô
ԭͲǹˣôһ˵ƿˡ
Ϊʲôţʡ
ҡӲǲţôʲô
Ҫǲ˵Ҿȥʱˡתͷq
æץס֡
ͣºؿ
ûа취ֻԥԥ¡¡
ʲô
±ϳ
˵ĵǺط˿
̧ͷͣɫͼ˵
һ֪ˣӴ˺ǰͬͷصϲңݹټȴܼܿҡҲ㡣룬ûٳŵĺá
ԽɫأԽǹɡ
ƴϷҪţŲӰ졣
ƽҪʲôѾߴ򣬷Ҳʡ·ûʲôá
һؿúſڵ
Ϊʲô
ѾкܶҪĵˣС£ԼͿԡ
ػδ䣬׽վ
ѡ
ҪȥĶؾȵ
Ͷˡ
Ͳɷ˵£ֻð¼׼Ҫǰϡ
ѾԸ׼ظҪɡͱ𣬴ǵȥ
ҹ˾زҽС
ر͵Ĳӣ϶ϸꡣ
ҹ䣬ȴܲ˿⡣
͵£ԴԴϴ
쳤ϵ֣Ϊڵͷ顣
Ϳһۣ¶Цݡ
С˷֣ҧס촽°ѷ졣
ͰᣬԼڳ⣬ܾ˳ķޣȵݣ
Ŀõõõ𽥼ǰ
ųţرڳҪȥĶ
ǰ߼ݳɫɢ֪
֪
˳ᡣ
ȥĶĶ
صɴ۾˼ؿ
첻ҳܸ¶˰ɣƿڵĳ쵽нΣ๫Ϊµݡ
˼ʻĴСҹµţΨͳһͬ졣
ػգȴͷ߳š
˵Ųţȴ鲻Խؿϴ̨ճŴء
һʶ׳ٻͻᷢǰʹࡣ
ؾˡ
һ¶꣬δѰ
̶̼յҽգȴоǰδеļ尾
ΪͣԸ尾
Ŀǰʮڶʹһ붼գݹҲвٽŹĻݡ
ͽʱͬգͷؿԷŷĵռ˽ύݣȴͬķ˽׼˭ͼԽݡ
Լµˣֵܡ
ԸԼڼңҲԸˡ
ճŴʱʹ˹
žĺ󱳣ڼžҹš
˵һգһǰ
ӵһ
Զûлˡ
ıۣ͵ĳŵȴһֹ裬һֲóҲĹ衣
ΪͣĸԸ¹֮¡
ܹ𣿡ͺȻ˵
һ㶣ûС
䣬;һѽ
롪
ͣȥת˫֡
ƬԥͶĻͱȽ
Ҫ
û˵꣬ɼ
ǣ֣󲽱ǰʮָ۵ֻ֣һȹǷȥ׷
ϸҹȹ˶ɳɳ졣
شСͱ̵ʳ޲ԣϯ˵ðɱˣ·ʱӴЩϽ춯ᱻĸý̳Ĵơ
ȴⱼܡ
;棬ҹϻأֻΪֵĺͻɽë塣
̫ãõտʼرּӱضá
Զ壬Ҳ뻹ˡ
־õĺãҲ߾ܵضãϵժȡ͸
ȴ޷԰εΪϲΪǣΪΪΣΪĶһһ顣
ӲԸĸԸ
ϸɴ˰ֵ硣
ֵ˿˳һзǳȥհ߰ԹڹΨҹĽ¡
δɡ
᲻֪ۿȥŲ
ͣ½Ųתǰ֣ԼĴָָȥ۽ǵ顣
ϸӶ͵ͷϣںڷ˿һ顣
Լᣬż⣬ٸ˫ȥͷϵ˿
ΪʲôޣͶؿ
û˶ôùʵ
Ҳû˶ôù
Ŭֱ˵ͷ˫֣С
ˮˮˢŴ潿ϣ峺ˮҪҡ
ϲ飬С
͵ͷ鿿
ҹ֯һϸܵεطˡ
һؿԽԽס
ôôжԾܾ
ˮҹĻ£֪ˮˮˮջ䡣
ԽԽӣմĳޡ
ڳᡢ΢ҹ£ͺʪ۽ޣĴ


172 
, ȴů紺
һȼյĻ̿ڽĬĬṩůȻڸذױǰ, վһ̴ľᣬɵĳһᵽס
Ժл, ٳһס˵, ҪʢĻ񡣡
ھ㹻ˡزֱ˫, šԼָС
˵, ӵŮˣжҪõ, Ҳǡ
͵һ ΪŮͷַᣬ;мγʹصͷƤΪ˲ƻ͵£ʲôû˵
˳صһͷ˿, ²شױѡһɫķ, ֱϵͷϡ
Ѽӡصͷ
̲סЦˡ
Ҳĸ, Ѽ, ҳ˫ɶԡѪ
ͷ, ѼӲ, ؾֵؾ
У
һź
ϴ¶, ھ͸˯ˡ
뵽ҪһͬһŴ, Ѿϰߵ, ȴеĿҪ
ŵֽŽӲ˵, ϴʱˤһӡ
Ϩϵĵƻ˴
һػʯͷȻȻøʲôţ
Ǳֽ֪ȥĸĻ潲ʲô
ڰУ־ͻǵĶƣ鲻Խ
𣿡˵
˵ԼĺҲճˣȫźò׵ҡҡͷ
ͰϵıҴãűӰһ첲Ȧ
ϢҪǱֻͣһ֪ڱ
־弴ʱϤ˰ĵͷ
˯ɡذ֮ǰʲô
̵һէȻи
ںڰиOO@@һᣬϽµһҵزϡ
һЯǿ
ҴСϵģպãԺǵĺӡ
һ졣
ѾϨ֮Ϳ̵ա
á
ǿ黹µ죬ϴҲȡ¡
Ѿ˯ˣͻܾ񣬰ûһֿڵ
๫
˯ɣߵòС
У๫˯ͲĿƵؿ
ܲҹɫȻ˫ۣ׳ʿľķɿ๫
ԡ
ͺٺЦţ̧°ͣһϡ
һߵͨ죬ںҹҲɼ
˫޹ʪۿĵлգôֱؿȥ˫ǣӵ۾
˯ɣϡ
⽥ϯͷĵů濾Ƥ֪׹硣
ͻһĻѼӣ̫ȥϷˮ̫ɽͻغҶ˯
ԼµѼëһůѼѣѼһë׵СѼÿһ¸ҽС
СѼ૵
Ѽˣ
qתʵһһċq޺ϳ
ѼѼǿѼqͷԸȥ
ʱ丮ﶼѼˡ۾أ
˵îȥˣqɿ
һóǰѣƮСϣһû˵ʵ
һ˵qһ˵ʵ͵ȥĶˣ
صʮĹֵļƻѧ˼֣һqͶ
ˡȥˡһͨ򴨽ڶʹˡqµ˵ţʱ͵صɫǣ򴨽ڶʹݵ;оһŮӣԷԳ֮ޣڶʹ͡͸ˡ
֮ޡ
һѾ³򴨽ڶʹµŮ˭

ݳ⣬ʱľӪŲͬѰĿ
ͷŮǡ²յһԵ͵
֪㿴˿ӣ
ʫӽ˫Ŀᣬ͡
ӦһĸŻ
ʹ˴ĸʲôҲԳӵŮˣ
̧ͣȢŵӣ˾顭ʫӽᣬǵݵ壬ν滨꣬Ҽ
Ĺƨͺ˭̧Ľ˭Ȣȥ̧ġҪ֪һܶô£͸ɽﵱӣҲʡڲ˼ʺһմ˾Ͳɾ
ӦҵҪúչҡʫӽ޵
û˵Ļһ̹֤
ʫӽһϣʹ
ҵҵѾûˡ
ˡ
ʫӽ۾һиϣ
Ҫġ˵
ʫӽԭأ
ûҲҪһء˵ǿȢһ£ҿǸ˵ķûƽϣҪٵһӸǰƣӲ㸸ծӳ
ʫӽ̬ȼῴǡӡ
һ޼ҿŮ˺֮ǡǶȡġ
Ȼ֪˵˴İɡǡ˵ǿŤĹϲǶ˱ˣ㸸ӲҪǿŤԭ𣿡
ʫӽԿɶԣͷ
˵㵱մݴ߲ٶһߴƣϹƽǡǹŮ㡭
Уոϱ̲Ҳһ̲ˬ
ɰͳƱͭŵһԣƱ·˻ȥ
˶ΪҪѺɰݸʫӽ
û뵽Ͱһͭ˳ȥ
˾Ŀ⣬ֱ׳
Ů˲Ҳǹ¶
ǡĬƬ̣ʫӽأ֪⣬һ˲һЩʰװȥͶݡ
ʫӽѾûݿͶˡʫӽ
𣿡˵ҫױ£ԭڴţƤ
ʫӽٴʹ
˺ˡǡͷ۵Ҳ˵䣬˼Ǹ
ôˣޣؿſʫӽӱޣ
ǡͷ۲ѣ˴ʫӽ
£Ժ˵ǡҴ˴㣬ҪΪһ¡
˵£֪ԼܱЦ̬ˣɫ͢ɵĴ󽫾ˣ
δҲÿˡǡĻ˵ػǾݣΪ˷ȣľϣѾ˵ظΪݳİƽԭʱڶʹıڰƽԭᣬҪݵķ
˵صģ뾩ܸľݸĳݳİƽԭ֪ǳ̰ǡҪ򴨾Ͻݳǵԭ򡪡ΣܲΪƽԭʺĴӪ
ʮľӼݳ⣬϶һϵеΰ⣬ǡŻãԽ
ȵ̫߳Ѿ͡
ǡ˵˼׻ˣ֪ʫӽ˵ʲôǡߵʱҲʫӽ
ͲںʫӽȥֻҪЬ׾УȥĶء
صʱһǳںԺ̨ϣһӰվ
һֹӣ;֪ʲô
ûʲô£缦ʺǡˣ
Ѿ׼ãغͰϷԼ˵һ顣
ô𣿡¶ǡ
ôü˵ѾˣûҲһΡ
Ѿһ֪ˣҲκβ
ŷ
ʫӽƿȻ뵽һ£˵
Ȼ˵صΪݣΪӦҪǰﱸһˡ
ﱸʲôüѵӻҪɨһɨƽԭ
ûǶȻҪ׼Զλ죡ȥݣ֪ͷĽڶʹǲΪǽӷϴˣ
һ룺ǡ
Ǳеڣʲô׼˱˵лġ
ҲЩ鷳Ͷ˶٣أˣ
벻׽ӷѶȣͦظ
Ұɣ


173 
Ѯ, ڶʹ½ִƽԭӪկ
ڶʹһõĵΪλʿӷϴĽӷ֪͸Ͼٰ졣
ͬڶͺðˡ
˵ܿʵش֪̽ڱ͵ϲãҲиķ, ǡͬȻԸĸڶʹĻǰӡ
һ˹ȥûվ͵õ˳ϯϸϺϲá
鱨ͼˡ
زο˹, õ˵Ľӷϣ;ᱦ, ɫ貣һȤС
ǰԺմãڵĺ԰ҲԼĸ¥ﴫĺЦơ
ٺһǧ, qı
ӷôɹ, ôȥ¶棿ċq
Ҳϲֳ, 徻رؾ, 㲻ľͷһվʱҵǧһỹкóԵķ䡪ѵ𣿡
qﲻ˼Цˣ, ̫ˡҵȻúãǷˡ
ôˣ
һݵʱ˵qԥƬ, ˵ϵԼҾΪٷ˵岻ã˰ԼŮŸүء
ү𣿡ʡ
Ȼˡq, ֻҪϵ̫, ˭ܾŵ񣿡
زսǧϵ֡
, 뵽ԼѾӦһأŬ˸Ұοģƨ˲᲻üһԷء
̫ͨͨѾһݽˮ쾡ͷĺˮԹâһ΢紵صȹǸźеĺҶҡҷ
ˡȥü·ɣq
ˣǡ
ظ˵ǻطɣĿⴥӻ԰ɽ߳ʫӽ΢Ͼں
ʫӽĿתؿǧأĥٻٵ岻ʵˣǺɡ
ϴμʫӽʱʱݵ࣬ϴģҲѰĲȹһֱߵѾߴҲӰ
ôģʡ
߹ģôʫӽ΢΢һЦַȹһƬɵˮգ˵ҪҸط£Ѿ߾ͰҴȥԺ᷿ˡȻ᷿ˡߣС·ˣҲûʲôֵġ㣬Ϊٰӷˣôڴţôߴˣ
ʲôϵq̲סײ˰ˣ
㻹Ǳ󳳴ֵĺã˱ˣҪ˶ĿĿľˡʫӽ
˵˵
qȻʲôҪ˶ĿĵطʫӽĻɹͷ
ԥǷҪˣתͷܹء
ؿʫӽɫ򶨡
û㣬Ǹǡģǡ֪
ʫӽŭѹңʲôûˣʲôµģ
ɷۻӷ磬ȥ᳡ͣڸԺרҵģ˵
֪ʣ
ʲô
Ҫ뿪ͣҲýȢӣʫӽ
ʫӽƫִԶصϣȵ
㻹޸
ʲôûˣʫӽŭأ㺦Ҽˣѵ͵𣿣
Ǵǰأñҭ
ȣƨ˵ĺ޳ܣʫӽ˵㡣
оݵطҺľһȴҷûȴЩҼ˭õΣ
㣬͸ûɾܾңʫӽ˫ȭг⣬ֻҪ㲻ڣ;Ͳӻ飬ҸҲз磬Ҳ𣡡
ӻΪ壬㸸зΪΪŰȡݳΪڽǶڼ޳ǷֻݣԸؽ˽˽ҲԸڳǷ϶໨һ𣡡
һϯʫӽö˵ֻò޺޵ؿ
ǴݵԮͿ̿𣿡ʫӽҧ˵ұǰϵĵŮȴΪǼңݰաѵû˿𣿡
ض˶٣۾
Ҷݰ֮⣬㣬˿ûСҲ档
Ҫô棿ʫӽ¶ЦݣĴţ˶֪ͻиӡ
Ҳ֪»֮ҹӻ¡ؽĻ˶֪У㻹ûм̧ױֵǮ
ʫӽ˴ʹţ˵ơ
ǲơصֻһլˣͷ¶๫ֻҪòںլʲôöģ
ͻ᲻öǿ϶ġ
ƤȵƤûʲô»;öء
غĵȰ㲻Ҫٰ׷ѹˣֲֻһˣΪʲô㶨Ҫʳи֮أ
ѾΪʧȥô࣬ҾҪֻҪʫӽۿ죬ԽڷǰʧȥЩ˭ң
ȥ˵˵˵вͨɽ֣˵ֻҪ͵ͷҾá
Ҫ˵ͣʲô
ʫӽ޺޵أڵġ
Լߣҽߣ˵
ʫӽתߡ
ظ˿ͼȹǣҲС

ʫӽ޺ţˮﲻסڡ
ˣ
ðĸĿͷѿڶ
ûċqﻹǶסڹǧԤԱѾһܣ˺
qﷴӦˣʧش˲סʫӽĿ޺
˰ˮˣ˰
ʫӽҪ󺰣´˲ˮС
ر๾˺üںˮɿ֡
Žµˮˮ棬ӵðˮ桪ɢ٣ͷסӡ
ȡغźȵĹ˺ôһڷ
ѾΧˣ˸ѾСˣд˴βμӽӷ͡
ڵһʱº¶ֳˮкһˮٳ
ˮ̣ƼƮ
ز³ȹǺͺڷϷ衣
֣һսǿ棬ƫͷһһʹɫʫӽƴˮѵˮ̽˰Դ
ҡ΢Ʈɢںϡ
һˡǲ򴨽ڶʹ𣿡
Ⱥе˽ǡҧҧòУٴγûʫӽȥ
ͱ˰׼õŮϸɾʪ͸塣
ôˣɫѿ
װġû¡Сҡ
һɪɪһ˶޵û˭ҡ
ƨ˹Ȼϣŭ
ܹˣ㣬˭Ƶģq𣿣
ңqе
ˣֻʣһˡ
˵Ŀⶼڸձʫӽϡ
״Ҳнġ
ֱ˵˭ƵԵͱˣ˵ԼСʧԵҪϢˣһ䡰֪˭Ƶġ˵ԼǱºԵ޹޺˷С
ЩĹ鶼ĸ̵ģʵûǵһΡ
ʫӽЩɱţˡ
ձǡϰʫӽŰۣѾֻʣȷˣð㲻ʣæ˵ҡ
ѾϷɹċqеȶˣ˲Ÿȥ
q˹ȥʫӽҧִ򣺡ҿķ˱ͲţҪ㺦ӣҽվ͸ƴˣ
ʫӽʪ͸¶ץǡ½Ǳضŋq˴ټ˷Ǵĵעӣη壬סǡ
ˣǡҲˋqļȭţŭƿq֮˵
ŭʫӽӦҲ£ô
ҡҷĲ¡
ʫӽ˵һ룬ǡôءΡ˹ȥֻʣĹںɫѿǡ
ȫΨĿϲʺճ˽ˣ
ǡһʱʫӽŸ磬ֳô£ԼҲĨ
ҽεҪֻܴʫӽҴ뿪
ҲʹȥԺΡ
˼ҶڣӷûһҲͲݲɢˣֻʣ»ٳҴڰƽԭӪС
ʫӽʪǡϰҲԶ׼ˡ
պţʫӽǡΪҡ
֪֮ŮףеһжûУǡƺСζôҹ򷢻ϼҡ
һ뺷Ħȭڵ


174 
ڰƽԭͬʱ, ɾҲڵǲӪھ׺֮ƽԭ
ӣ̾սһ
ȫ, ֪ж˫۾ڶⳡս, ̾ݵİΪս, һз紵ݶݾϼҴڵİ
һ, ;ͼɽ, ܵ󲢼ǰ
, Ǿ飡ֵ˼ʮҲûľ;һΡǣҪ͸Ͻ, ˹Ƶߺʲô֪æ𣡡
ææʲôd
Ȼæɩӡȵ˵, ԼͥΪصĺ, ֱ, ȻЩͷӵĹĶǡ
Щ϶ǣȥ, ѵû𣿡ʹһ컹ûͲò뿪غůѵԹ˵
ֲ˶ʹһְʵȵĵ̰ɣ硣
d˸Ƿϻ˯
һʱ, ƥӪǰͣ
СԾǰƥ, ˿첽Ӫʡ
ԭŵĵһ, һļԴԼֿͬ
ͻ, ˰ոӪμţΨһһ򴨾
˸½м߽
ԽԽ࣬ͣ͵Ľ̸Ҳٴ
dԵСϵĵĺǡױµľ֪߽ͬ
鿪ʼսɺٴִ
ᷳؿһǰݵ־硣
һ֪ҪǮ𣿴֮ũ˭ƻĳǳ˭ޣİյ˰˭֪鼤ɫǺ죬ĭӺ˫һڿз裬һ׳ҲʣˣһսݱȻͿ̿
ˡǳ͢Ϊ˹⸴Ҵɽӣ֪ٴͷһҾ֣תͷ֪ƾηѣѵǱд㣿
Ѫˣٻã㲻óȻսǴʲô治˼
ٴָŶԷıӣ
Ϲۣװ´˯ӣȴصع۲˱
֪氲ڶʹΪ׵ɣһΪϽݳǽܣսضһꡣˣǼͣϣͬαɻضΡ
һս򴨽ڶʹǡΪס
뾩ܵشһξ룬ȴָòԶָͨϷս;Թ⸴̲֮֮¡
սɶԣڵһϵоܳǳأǲɶõĴ⡣
˫춼ûֻ̬ϺϺһš
һʼζع۲ѧϰٳϵΧκԺͰȳ²֣ˡ
Ϊظе
ѾĹÿ˶ΪԼɱĴѱ֮Ժ
˼ҹŴ˴ξսܹջʧأؽյٹ⡣
ͿЩ˼ں֮ڣ
ͶδսѲϣ
ۼҪ޼ˣǡȻһˡ
սǱµ˼ʥּ£޸ĿܡôóԵеĿзӣһζսҡġ
ḧ룬ЦڣΪôҸ㼺ֲĳһ˵һã֪ҲΪĲŻ˷θ֮ԡʥǽԣҲǹԵ֮һյҲƵһ׮ѻ˻ǲҪʥϵƣ󲻾СʥǴ󡣡
״ھ϶˵սѾβɵĸݹٺ佫½վӣһֻ
ʽ΢͢Ҳ˵ʲôɶڴʱ£Ϊľڳ͢Ĵ󽫾֮ǰһսʵʱȨ
˵ҶԪ۷ˣʱ˿̣õԪۡ
ԪۼջؾʧصĶ磬ѹԵı֧֣ǡƿؾϵľơ
ִݣ˵˵ȥûһͷ˵ԭ򡣳͢Ĵ󽫾·ϣαɴ⻢˵ʲôʱͻᷢͻϮ̵ô죬ǡ˵⣬顪λƾһķڷ֮˳ʱԵս
ǡһ˸ƽкãһ򴨾¼Ա
褲Ըô䣬˵Ȼ죬ôͲͶƱķʽɡˣоְÿһƱѡ쵼֮ˡ
ɫݵǡһۣЦ
ˣ㹫ƽ
ƽԭϵıǡ࣬ˣ褸ࡣ
ǡЦһû˵֪ʶȤΪ
ճ´˵˵սʱҲ氲Ȱɣºٴ˴氲ų򣬶ȻʲôͬСɵľ񣬽ʱһҪЩں֮ڼʶʶ
Σ
ͷ˭бȨ˭ϴ
ڳɼҲֻǿͶ򴨾࿹⣬ǡټȥɱ㿪ʼѡ
ƾǡԽԽ󣬳褵ɫԽԽࡣ
ǡʤȯգ۵¶һֵ⡣
䶨ڼȻһɧ
ô£ǡü
һֻ˳ÿ
񣬶
»ɫѣɫãһˮǧ˿ų֮ɽ֮
㻷ȫĿ΢΢ֱͣƬ̣˽
󣬸ҾĹǸɽͻ¹ģļ룬̱˾ʡ
ڽʿӶվǡͳ褶һۣӶԷпһ޵ľ衣
⡭
ּ
ǰһжƳ񲼣ϳ˵ٴ
ѹѹһʥּ¡
˻ʵۣگԻ
ͳŻŵdȺУʼոоһ֮ȥĿں󾱲ƣͺգѰʺ¿ڵĵط
΢΢̧ͷȥΧּּּּûκڿոյʶֻĴ
ͽĿбӵ֪꣬ǲǴ
ϣסġˡȻϵδµһ
ĴѰԽټµ˺ϡ
ԭô֮ǰѾ
֪¸ͳʧɽӡ
һӰ͵һ
Ͳͷȥȵɫ԰ףһضŵ棬ϥǰ˫գָǷס
ȸôˣѹ
ȵδţԼ硣
֪ͷʥּˣ¹ٻ
ּ֪ɡ
΢ּ˫֣ͷ
¹پƳ˫ֵݵĸС
ʥּĸǡͳ褲Ŵ
֪ô£ôǰһû͸ǡƤЦⲻЦ
㵭һЦŵͳ˧˭֮оԻӰ𣿡
Ȼᡭ
Ǵ˺ʱ֪Ҳ޹ؽҪˡɫһתǡڣɵߴڶʹ룿
ǡ˵
һֱɽ¶ˮ¤ڶʹվ˳Ҿ˵
󽫾ߴڶʹѾ롣
˻ǡɫѿŭ¤ڶʹԷȴδ
ʮݳǵıѼ᣿ʡ
ǡ˵ء
󽫾ʮݳǹʮѾᣡ
ӽڶʹйֵ
ǡͳ褶һۣ˵ɫٿسˣ
ڻʲôģ
Ҫʵֻ˫Ų֪
ĸֱ֪һϢ
ȻõĶˣ㻷ˣ侲ȻȻǣǾʽʼɡ


175 
һ, ֱڶնȰףɫһĹ佫ŴӾ½߳
ȨȻת䣬˶ŻȥԲȥ, Ψֵܶ׵˻Ӫ⡣
˸оְ, Ҳͷ, ȴȻСһ, Զһ, ·߳
ȸ, ǰôˣͶ˱ǵ, еؿŸ¶Ӧȵ, µһоɣ
ȵͷ棬d緶, , Ƕһ죬
, ֲǵһʶҡĶлʶָŴ󻧵ĹӸ簡
˵úе, ͬʶô֪꣬ܲ˵ʵǻѻ
Ը˵ҲԸ
ֻҪ֪ʲô, һ𿸾ͺá
ȵ̻ͣʵĶ, ȥ
˵ǻµشڳδ, Ҳûǿһش
ȵͷ, , ģ۾, գգ̧ͷ¶һЦ飬Ц˵ģˣ粻Ը⣬СҲһʱ¶ģ
֪ԭ
һе
̧ͷһһ򴨾Сģ˼ææﱼ
ҶڽڶʹأͲˣȥɣ
һ˼ڣʣµdһƣҲ˲죬Сȥˡ
dһ༸Ͱʣµ˷·޵׵ĺ
룬۰Ͱ͵ؿȵ롣
㣿
ߺȵͣûľ硣
԰ɡ˹ȥ
dһ߹๾࣬һߺ˵:
ҪˡҪʰ֡
ǰˮˡȵĲɵظ͵
ˮҪҡ
ȵһۣʲô
dٺЦˣ㡭
ȵ׷ʣȵֻǲתͷd¶ʧı顣
ңǮʲô
˾ͻȥ˯ɡȵ˵ţվ
ҪȥĶdŵȵҡ
æͷ棬̧ͷȵȴӰӶˡ
֡ˡdſԭأһʧؿȵʧķ򣬡桭
һֻΧµһȥdǨŭسʹһʧӰ
϶ˡ

ص̾˿ͷɥضſ˻Ӫ

򴨾Уء
ǡΨһһ޺ϣüĽ壬ɨˡ
Ƕ˵˵ԼĿɡ
򴨾Ͻݹ佫һŷϣһϵƣһپ٣һǡɫѿҲòʲôط
ǵȥαоײǲǴǱɽۻ˼Ͽ֪һصؿˡ
˴򴨾ΪǶԿɾ㣬ҵԤϡǡ˵սʧܣαɱض䱾£ʱϽµݳǾͻ׵塣ʱأڳóܺ͢ɱһαɡ
֪Ҿֵǳ껢ŵĽڴѣ鳼طԱΪĽգ˶Ա£Գ͢һƬĲΪɹ󰡣
ǡ¶һ˿Цݡ
ҽαɣԽͻؾǣȻ֪˭ҳ˭Ǵҡ
ǰ·ңȫȻΪиݣ˾εݹٿ׵佫ҲмΪ飬ڽ䣬ôӷлûϵȻ䵽ϡ
֪𣿡ǡ
ͷȡ
̫ɽһʲܹλˣֻսľ飬ʱһ֧СӣǰϿӦĸҾ
߶ϡ
ӦԮھյǡĸɽǡʱˣĴ˾թ
ĸɽҪߣ޹ؽҪģȥ̽·
Цһֵ
Ҫ˽ӦԮͼı죬֪лҪСΪϡǡ˵ˣŹ£ʵսթǱƭôĶ֪
⻰һͰһͲ
ظһ룬ͼӴ׵ڶʹ˵ǣҵһμˣҲüթյý
֪⼸նܣվҪܹͲҪˡǡ˵꣬ˣλ˶ȥ˯ɣһ磬ٿСᡣ
Ŀ᣿Ͷ̲סֿˡ
ؼұӾˣֳֳĻỹûˣ
ɢǡרͣ˵ҪСĸ֪ݡ
һʶΪ֪ʲôֶ̲סذˣǡ˵
֪ӢͨˣὫϢ͸©Ӣְ
˿
ڶʹģҾڣǱʲôˡ
⻰̫ǡûϸ룬˵һܼĵطΪڣȥݡ
ǡͣ͵ı̬
ȻһܺЩ˵͡
ǡ˵ͷ¡
뿪󣬲һᣬһڣǰ뿪ľ֪
֪ߵǡǰ̧ۿһۣٿٴͷȥʼ򴨾һ㲻ǱͱƣҲᱻͱơҪһ𣿡
Ͷʲô˺ģǡĵ㲻Ҫԣ뷽跨ҵҾ͸ֻϣҪʧ
֪ඥҾֵ㣬˱ɱѪջݣ֪֮󡭡֪СĿǡɫ˭ӹݣ
ǡԱ֪⣬˵ݽڣڱ֪֮ǰݰɡ
ǣ֪¹򣬼¹ٱضУ
ͬһʱһǡתܵܡ
ܻȥˣdһʧ
ǡ˰ţ뽫ǱԵȵüҪԲ߲ǡ
ĸ/󡣬Q졣˵ȥɣҲȺⷹͰͷ
ȵߵǰʼػëʣǣ
д飡˵ǴϣûųԲ·ҵþдŻȥġ
ȵԥƬ̣ʣ㵽һ£ҪҪ
ͺԥҪ
ɩˣ
ǶȻϵġ
Цӻ£ü۵ɩĶӣпȥǱˣµһ飬ͲҪ֪ˡ
ң
˸硣
ˣ𣿡һqлƴҴҸ
û¡Ȼҡغɵ
һɱǧСڱ˵˻أqߣӣߣĽڶʹôô£ҪǲˣǸɾúܣ
ɾ!ؾֵǼҵĺ
˵ĶԡqﷴӦź´Ҫߵĺͺˡ
˵ǡ˺Ҳʳɡ̾Ϣƫִɿ֪֮Ů䵽Ϊҡ
ãq߷ߵ
˵ŻһС˴Ҵһ͵ż㡣
ˣˣ
qæǰӹС͵ǰ
ÿնƽԭŻͷһءػ֣żǰ
ȡͲεŷ⴦͡
ѽ
˱ĵƬڲ仮ָ⣬صָʹ͵һֽѵһ䵽ϣʵĵˤ˿ơ
ˣѪˣ
ػûعqѾ
Ů˼ѪǴһ׮qＱææתȥѰҩɴԼָ
ѪӶͼļϣѪ
ǿҵĲӿͷ
ˣҰֹѪ
qҩ䱼˻ҩϣһ˵֣Լ
˿ڲֻǸеˡʲôƵôҵɱ㵶һзˣôŵʱˣôСģҲԼѪүðҸ̻ˣ
qһ߸һ߶߶˵š
qĻһֶûȥһ˵ĲѹͷüŴ⡣
Ȼƽ˾
εƮ޻ƵľͷȴһƬڱƽ
q˵˳߿ȥп
Ҫûѡ
ػδţȴصŋqĻ
Ҫˡ


176 
⹷ĻϿҲ̫ˣ
ɫ԰׵˲ϵ, ڿһƬ
ǰ߶µϰ߳ȻȥԼȣóһ, 㱻չĺ缤һ
ġҡҾͲ, °Ӻˡ
ͷѾһë鷢ţһľ, ˴µ֦ҶһЦֵ, Ҳ̫ˣĶĶϿϲģڲŵɽأ
Ľʺ޵ؿŴñһ뻹ηţ㡢ô䡭
ϼұ, ʲôţֵ
Сж䣿Ǵ, Ρһ£
һ£ţڤ˼˼, ֯ԣֱȻ˵, Ǻߴ, װ, Ǳ̶ˮ, ǲ䰡
ţĶ죬µְӣ˵
ʲô䣬ѵӽˮһ
ţöϵĲˡ
ݡġֲô󻢺Сȥ, ϡûɱ, ҪĽҰˡ
ֵ, һ̰, ô㻹ǰ, 㿴ǽΪøཫʿлɿԼȥأţĵ
㬵ر죬ٱԹˡ
ţ˫ַŵǰ˿˴ģȻʱӪΧһ
ԶڱһƬӲһʯ̳ͼԼֻܿϿģڼªĵͼǰ֪ʲôһǵļʯͷܵһһԱߣְص
𣬺紵һ̧ͷ
ţʦ㣬ȥ߿ɡ
ҲˡͿܵǸȸȥɡ
Ҳ䡣ȵҡҡͷЦи¯
ȵ˯dһ죬ΰѵdһۣ𡱵ȵתֱ˫ۼ˯
ȥΧѲһ£˭ֲסˣȥɡ˵һǾҪ·һ¡
ţ̾˿ȥ
ȵϵĴƵͼǰĻ⣬
ԮҪָ·ɶС͹ˣָǡȥӦȫǶһ١ҾãɽϿ»ɾô룬ҪҪɼɽ̽̽ʵ
ҡҡͷǰټûбҪ
ܾáж򵥡ȵһأͼǡұۣڷЩʲô
û˵Ŀŵϵĵͼ
費ǡĲ飬һϵΪΪôʵĿʲô
ھϵǡʲӦԮֱӺǡ裬Ųӽ£ߡ
ļƻˡ
룬ļƻأ
ǰߣôĿľǷֶ֮ǺߣôĿľһ򾡡
ڹϣ
ԪΪͳ˧һսܣҲѲ򴨾ǡĹǡǳ£ıضҡԭͲʵսֽ˵
ʱǡ֡
ûʲôͽüͷŵͼһ˵ܴˣܽڲͷһȫİ취
׳һ޽⡣
ȵĬüҲšһ֡
֪΢΢ˡ
˶װٴ̤˼յʵ֮·
˭Ҳ֪ǰŵģԮǵо
Ͽϴݲ͵ɽһѷָңɼ졣ĳڽʿǽԾδü£ͱĽŲٴһխֳ󣬽ƣĲΧ
Ĳྻһ˿ĺۼʿǵȴʪˮ⣬δεĺˮ˳Ŷͷ°£ѵʧ
Ͱһ߷ʿڲвбѾɳƵɤӴʿ
ԶȺɽԽԽߵ̫£ڣǴ̣ΪͿ쾡ͷһĨٺ졣
Ϩ
;棬̫ɽ֮ǰ˻Ͽߴ
һ޼ʵĹƽԭϣһˡ
ò׵ִյʿ
ȵһǰǰʱ˻ǰһصҡҡͷ
ڻϿϵãȵ̫ȫɽ֣¹أԮȻӰ
ԽԽͣԭصȴʿ̲סõ
ûԮûеˡ
һȭȴֻпһϿϵȴ˵ֻޡ
飬ߵԶ¾ͷ
硭ûԮˣǲǸøȫǰɽҪµɽУɽ̫ˣҶסȵǰ
ӦáվǰһȵδţüĽšһ
ȵ˶٣ɴ෭첽ߵߡ
˳͵⿴ȥò½Ļ谵֡
˿̣ӦѾ𷴹ˡ
磬ǡȵֹ
Զɽ֣»Ͽĵͼ
Ѱʧһ
ʲôܴܰγǡͷķ

еĵͼ󣬼ֱ
һ羪˺Ժ
͵رɫ
ã
磬ôˡ
ȵδ䣬صǹ
ͣڻϿϵʿǲԼ̧ͬͷȥͷƣƽ˾ף
Ե档
¡¡Ͽڵصս
ʿӶʧڵء
ͺȵȻվǰ˭û˵˭Ҳûգۡ
ؿһµת˲ǰеƻҫĳ
ֻһ۵Ĺ򣬳󣬵ƻһûڲ֮¡
ϿϹ˷硣
ӼžĻϿٹžĺڰ

ˣܡ
кʿû˵꣬ͱӿˮһɡ
СҧأץһôӶˮµһṦ򣬹ˮ˾ʹߴɾһ
̵ˮֵңһͬʵؾĿ֮
ѾˣԭǼƻķʱ̡
ͻĴˮսˮȳĲû˽ɫũǹͷ­ƹݸʵĳţƲɵŸԶڶȥ
˶֪ʲôȥԭ֮ǰҡεˮС
СŵƤȻ䣬ˮС
һ˿ζĺˮӿУСɼغ˼ڣò׸ˮ棬ѾԶոʸǿӰ
С⩾һƬ޸ĸƼԮرˮЮųǰ
ڰͷĿ޺˷
һ죬ݳˮײ̮
СˮݳԽԽеҲԽԽԡ
һͷСסˮУκ¸ˮ档˦ϵˮۣµˮпֻʣһš
Ϩˡ
¸ҹԹۡ
ŮӵĿ޺СĿ˵˻˵İ󡪡һ𣬹ͬɵ¡
ʲô
һ𻽻С⩵ǡ
󻢽һôŭĿԲų쳤֡
С⩶˶٣ˮ֮ǰס˴󻢵֡
һҲ˴
ץǧ֣ɫ࣬㿴𣿡
Сɫ԰׵ҡҡͷ
ģ
ηǧˡǧˣǧ඼ɽկ˰Ǻմ״֮˰
С⩿˳ʣΪʲôң
ʱĶô࣡üС࣬ʱôɣ
СʱʲôãС⩲Ц
ɫѿز˵ˡ
¡¡߳ţѸˮ޾Ƶģ˿ûмͷ
µˮλڳߣûаȫĵط
ʸĴˮҡҡ׹
֧Ų˵С⩽Ƴ֡
硭Ⱳӿʲôź
ʲôʱˣ˵Щϻ
ź𣿡Сִŵ
˻Σˮ鲻˴ϡ
ŭӵź֮ǰû¸֣
СһЦӹ˽ٺһҪǵȢƨɵŮˣб޻
ǻȥֹţͷʪСܣأʲôź˵Ǹ˭ȥˣŵǸͰһźɡҪˣͰȢƨŮӣҪˣźҲɡźʲô
źԼɰɡСЦţϵңҡ
û˵仰˶٣ϵִȥ
ˣûʲô
󻢺ȻõԤУ㡭
û˵꣬Сɿϵ֡
һΣҲһΡ
С
ȥץĵȴֻʪĿ
С⩱ˮڰгһЦʪ͸ķһ룬ɢһ룬ʪĺڷմϣȻô󻢿һ˿Ů
һ㶣һ˲䣬ˮûСܵӰ
ˮϵԶȥˡ
ˮСͷӿ˺ʬƯڻ谵ܣһݶûˮ£ţûͳҡ
еֽд֣ȴûаȫַ
ԣûĵط
㻯ΪһʸҲûпԽеˣ˵ĻҲû˻Ϊ
ź
СԽԽͷ¶Ȼ顣
ϧ֮ǰûŪԼ˻Ůˡ
±ӡ
ˮǰȻԳЦˡ
Ⱳ̫ۣǲҪ±ˡ


177 
Ȱ, ѡ
ݶʮ˳ǣϰٴһҹȻ޴档
仺ȼյԲ, ҵĻۻһҹĺڰ, ɫģƵģŭĻ, ƬǵĴء
ӪصڣٷͼеӰ
һ׻Ƥ¹ʾͷĽ֮ϡ
ɫ¹ǽααϷĽǸһСԲĹƬ
ȻΪ, ɱܵ¹ͷǹǡ
¹ǰһֻֻ̤֧̤ûʳָС¹¹ǡ
¹½ǳĴأϳںڱ̤塣
̤һ˫ѥ˳ȾЬͷɫ·űĹ⡣
һʪ͸, ɪɪСڵϣ˫ЬͷϡǡսϳˣʮȫС
һƽ¹ϴ
˵߽̽, ȵλʱ⽫, ѾɧҶʱ, Ѿձ̵̽ˮûҲʳ
ֻϧҾཫʿһҲۡ
氲ڶʹ褴ϣɫ⡣ҹʮУ氲ǳܵȫ֮صӪص, ȴֻа˲
ˮû, ݶ氲Ͻ
㻰һת, 
򴨽ڶʹǡ˴֣Υһټ̴氲ڶʹ褽ᵳӪ˽£ԼϽڵߵӶɽܾ˵ĲҾ硪
㿴̨ɫҰ׵ĳ褣սӦ͵شΪЧ꣬û˫˫ڣвᡣ褣ͬ⣿
褶˶Ƭɫ촽֪ԼĴȥȥ˵ͷˣԼҲǡǶһ岻ûˡ
ӷҵȻ
иױһѷǰѺǰ
㻷ڣ±óᣬӿ޵ˮɵǰ
񾩳Ǳͣ˷ңˮٵҷԮҲѸϵһѵΪ޹İպͽʿѩ޵ʱ򡣡
ѻȸֻһ˵
ڽ䣬Ŀתؿˡ
ǰһεĿؿˮ̽һСéݣĴ߷ãУʮʱ䣬ȫ֮̽Ͻһ̣Ի̽ߡ
Ժ̽ʼձӻ飬̽ҲһһĳУũ̽һƣԻĸ׺ӡ
̮̽ˣǰجٴݣƲɵĺˮû;гУϨ⡣
⣬졣
ûݶʮ˳ǵİգͷȴֻлǵˮ
ɢޱ飬ڲĴڲȴյָǷס
Ŀ⣬ʼս¹ƽˡ
Ϊ̽Ϊ粻ƫƫǡ򴨾㳲ʱ̮
Ϊǡ飬ɵĸױȫٻߣ򴨾ֻʣԼһˣ
Ϊ
¹ˣôű֮ɫóº͵ʿ
սغˣǱ뱧Ƹ۵ľĶԵУⲻΪ˱£ҲΪ֮˲Ѿ̤ΪЩ治֮˶޹ȥİա
ȵۺͱ¿꣬սλʱֻнǰҳӣҲŲΪΪӣΪ
ĻȾԽԽˡ
ԭ˽Ϊһߵĸ͡
ëԼﲻͷǸҾĹǸɽ졣
ʣһС˳ĬˣΪĹٶӹһٵļ֪Ǵ׷Բԣٳ̫๴ĶǡЩ׾ͱĶ佫ͬɫѿϣĿⲻԼͬضԼĽ¡
ڵĿ̫ˡ
ˮﾭ³̦໬̦޺ˮһڷٺ͸µζ
ͺʵŲű
׷սʱ̾ڽ˶ΪɫҴң͡
һ߳ʱ㵭Ȼ
֪
ͣ½Ųͷ
Թأ¹ϵĹʡ
һ£ȴһӰ
֮⣬֪
һαΪؼҲһս
Ӯˣӹٽʷ䡪ûĿܡѾѾˮ䣬ȻҲˮʮ򸵼ҾѾϵȴûԮֻбˮ˵Ĳбܽ
ʤѶ
ֻҪ󣬾ڱռһϯ֮ء
أǶսǨĵ·
Ǿ棬Ҳ̽
ҡʹͷȥ߿Žżǰһֻǰеư棬ֻһˣϴҸʲôҾ͸ʲôûԹԡ
ʶʱΪܡ¹ϵһ٣ѹ󡣡
װû֮⣬ֻֻŬ·ư濴
ߴ˷ôŬѰҳҲͽ͡
ضԣ̫С̫ɳŶ
ĽѾע
ǰûл·
򴨾˵ϻģֻʣһˡ¹ϣɫȻϷĽѵҪμġֻˣܱͬĵ·
ʹư̧Ŀֱָ¹ϵˡ
ͬȣСһĿȻ

΢̩ɽ
͵Ŀֻưϣһһٵл֪̻壬֮սĽѵĳ
Ҳػɥ˵ѡĻǣһʱᡣ
֪˵ǡ
ȥɡ
͵ûת⣬ǰ
¹ϣ޲ؿֻͻǽǵư
ư棬ͷҲص߳ʡ
һؿıӰֱȫ¡
˹עˣϷʲô֮
һֱ̨³䵱̲ס
ûлش
ĿתƵֻưеĵط
ʲô˲Żһֻأ
ֻкͬСˣŻὫĿС֮
̽ʵǰع춯˵ֱӳ
ع

̫ͷſտĴء
ͽưӪ⣬ѰһݴԷڲݴǰһɿָưïܵĲҶ
ǡµ顭´ΣҪǮˡͶſҰϵư˵
վתһ·Ķѡ
ȵѹƣ˫ַںѡ
ſңſңЩث֣
ſ㣬ȥ˵
ǲΪֵܱҸңǱңҪɱǸĵĶŭ
ֵܣ侲һ㣬ҲΪáոʱҪǳȥˣҲȸˡţ¶̣񻰰ٻ˵Ϸﶼ˵ˣӱʮ겻ɶҪһʱ֮죿
˴绹С˵仰ɣ
ȵǿţִȵЩѹƲסһһԵd룬׾پͿ˾档
ֵڶһ£ɱһ£ֲɽկã
Уſ˵
dɿ֣ҲͰγӪسȥ
ȥɣȥԺɽկСʬ˶ûˡ˵
ĽŲ͵ͣ
ˮûĵطôǲһȥҵģʱҲˮһӣǸֵܺˡ
㡪
ɫСͳ
ţδüæһգۣͱͰ˵ϡ
ôΪ˭𣿡˵
ͷ͵ְڵϣҧأ﷢˻ȫԸȻûܰ͵ǯơ
˵ѣӵֵܡ
Ұž͵ޱȵڵϡ
Ӳκһֵ˵̮̽Ϊ˭ġǻʵģҲѪծѪ
ңһʱִҲ㡣
˵꣬ɿ˰ڶͷϵ֡һվֱ壬ŴӵĶ
˫ͨ죬Ŀתضͣúڵ
á
Сú޲ʳƤһһֵشĥ
ұһأۺҴСܵ˭ҶҪѪծѪ
˭ˣ
һӻҰٿصɴ۾
λεչ£һȺʪ͸򴨾ЯΪ׶׶༪ٵĴ󻢺С⩡
磡СܣؿŶˣǡǻˡǡ
ҲôС⩴Ŵ󻢵ļ򣬹ɵҪǲҪˣ
㡭ƨҪˣҿĻôģ͵ػعشӵվ
ŲСתͳȣҪŵչȴ˼ζûܳɹ
ʲôӣ߳ŭڽ£һ߿
硭
С⩿ڸҪȤͻʹϯǿŵ˵էȻйȥ
һڴ󻢼ϵָŻȥ
ģֻм
С
󻢷Сʧȥʶ壬ȥоҽ
ȵɡ͵ĿɫƽȵϣȥҸ򡣡
ġȵС⩡
ͻˣ˵
ʣµˣԱᛚˮĶᛚˮļӰӵľ
Ҫһ𾪣ֲȷŵؿ͡
յӣˡת߳üΪ˿޿䡣


178 
̮̽Ķɽ, ̽ݳǶܵˮı仯ʹصĶҡ
صļУͬܵ˴صҡΡ
һ֪İһΪ˵, űűѺ󣬴ȴػƽ, Ҳûҡ
ܾƽ½ؼУصȴôҲ
ڶһ, ɰСһŵ
ˣˣĵ, Ϊ̽ˣ
С˵Ļɫһס
̽, û˾ڵľޣԱߵķҲˣصĳѾвٷ޵ѰҪˣ
ƽԭ𣿣Ҳ
˷, Ȼˮλǣû˵ʲôܺ, ƽԭҲ뽭ӺԶӰ첻˵ģ
ض˶, ʵΪʲô
Ƕӳ, ò·Ȼ͹˳һءСһ, ·ͻȻ̽ߺ׵ˣܹĶɢҴߣǱסСѾ漣ˣôܻõó·
ÿ֪
ô, ô֪ܲ
ûóʲô³𣿡üͷ塣
СãȻҡҡͷ
Ҫȥ˵
qҪ, ɫ仯, Ŀü㡣
ҳȥ
qһʶؾȥ׼Աˡ
ֱŰûڲѣôûȰ˲ҪأôңôΧһһŮӳŶΣհ
سͣ£شñڋqĲ
ûصĳţʧǵӺλƶ϶ĿǿƵռصۺͶ
һ֮Ӭ
Һúˮûݡ
ǽɡ
¶֮ɫһŻƵģһ
ܷŽǴģʱ̽ô죿
һ͸͵ǰҲƣʱڳ͵𣿡
֣Ǵһ̽һ㣬ձڳľˣѵʱҲϣ˶һʯĳ𣿡
֮ﲻԼռŻƻˡ
ʣ²ͻ򶨵ԭλ
ʲô£ϸһĨ飬ϻǿ˵ֲҲǽģ˵ʵѵʯĳ𣿡
һ߹ִĲ첽Ŵ
ѰһżɽǵϷ˭
ʲôϵ˭ʿɵ´ء
֪ķˣqŭȵ
Сһŵû겻᣺СȥУξ
ûһᣬɫҴҵУξӳ¥¡
ȷݺ󣬸һ˳¥ϡ
ھĴԼˡҹӦûᷭϾдĴѵ·ϡ
Уξһصؿų¥¾ۼȺ
ΪǽޣΧ඼ԷޣӦûоݡݡط
Ȼ֮У᰺Ӿ̽ķ֧̣̽᰺ˮλҲᱩǡͷصشɽȣˮڴ˴ۣͷעһ١
Ǹ뿪˽ͷأ;˽տҲѡ
ˣϤͷؿ϶Ҳˡ
һţǱܷ۵ǼСԺͺѼȺƬأ񶼱Ϻˮû
ͷĵطˮû
ɥ飬Ҳ
޾ı˺ãȻѹصؿڡ
궼̽లµ̽ߣôͻȻأ
ǺƽʱڣùⲦߵ̣ڣ˭ȥޣָαɣָûжĴࣿ
ų¥¾δֽǡ
ǸողŴӹŹӳһʪںɪɪضڳǽ¡
űˣлƷصСĸ׻໴޵Ӥ
ǶʧȥԼļҡ
жԲߣʡ
⡭Уξ¶飬Ӧаɡ
ã˵Ҿȡ
ֻ֪ˣ֪
λıôЩλˣı
qһӣڳ¥ϣһֱĿػ¥µİգУξĺȲ裬Ҳҡͷܾһߣδ
¥Щ֮񣬶Ǵ
ΪԼĽݣƵµĹƼ˵ʳ
ôЩաЩÿճϢ泯İգʲôҪܴ˳ͷ
ǰΪƼǹʳǵѾ
ôɽƮģǡǡǰڵӵȨǱЩľֽԵĻ壬ЩλıĹЩЧĺЩԭҴˣ˵
УΪ޹ľǵײա
ûܵȨȴҪһ
ԽѣؾԽԽ͸ѡ
Ϊ֮Ϊᡣ
Ǳĩãս
Ԫ꣬ǷҲ
Ѿ֮ʣպ͹ңҪһ
ػųصڳ¥ʱһģ˴Ҵϳ¥
¹ټˡͨҾֵ˴纮˲¹ٻط˵
¥µİձҸ䡣˵ǿʲôԲߣ
Ӧʱͱ֪ԭʲôͨ˵ˣЩû·ǣǹء
ѵҶˮˣѵõó·𣿡
û·˭Ҳ޷֤ûоϲ̽С
ĵĿųŻ󻼣ǵǼݣʵԣ밲ãŲĻߡǴֱ򵥵ؽ˶֮⣡
ԭѾźԼλãⲻҪ
ԭѾԼֻ֪ˣ֪
Լλı
ЩλأյİʹǰΪʲôܹ
ͨ޶Ե̬ȼŭأһֱŬѹǻķŭ
ѹеıŭŭ˵չذ취ʵֻˣ
㡪ͨб˵˼߳ŭصֻչذ£ĪҪΪˡ֪Ҳϣһլ˹ɣ
زֻҪһ뵽¥¼ȵֳ
ңȷ
֪֪£һʲô
ͺЩòȻȴѪ˽˲һȻѼȺһ𳤴ȻϹ·Ȼ峺ģЩѧ峵ٱ
ֻҪǰڵóһʵеķԭķ֮£νΪѣ
ͨй֣ǫ˵Ļȴǫ޹
լݣߣ¹ٶԣΪѡ
ߵؿ
ھùٽѹˣֻһ֪˵ͷΣ˹ؼʱ̣˭
ѵû취
͡ôƾ֣
¹֪ƣЩЩ鲻ܣϵ£˻ǲҪֵĺáˣ¥Ϸ󣬻¹ٻͷ˻ظɡ
ͨ˵꣬һĿɨΧĳǻѷǵ𣿡
˭Ҷң
һȻַϴŭȶ¥ͨжΪ֮һ㶡
¸ηĿעٷͨУϵ
ʳ֮»ӦҾ֮¡ļǴҲҵ޷֮
ʲôͨɫѿ
û뵽׵İ취Щ֮ǰ˵ҳȥ
ˣq𾪵ۡ
һڳ׼Щ޼ҿɹˣֱǸһĽ
ͨ뵽˾ٻµķԷɫԽѿв¹١
ͨô˵ǿװ򶨣üĿ˵㲻ԸҾͰһͨòõĽҾҪԼ뷨ˡ
һԵķ˱ڳ⡪Ըģ֮ͬͬͬסҪǴȥݵ治ȫ⣬֪ˣɴñһҪ
ͨǰ˼룬ò˲
ĹԱǴҴҾһ𣬾һҵƶĽ̡
ʱ̫ѾɽΧ۵ԶУξĹǴԹ㣬Ҳǧ˲ֹ
һ/ң롣
ҪǮʩҪǮҪǮʲôҪǮ
ؿͨУ̹ͨȻֱ˫ۣ
ˣݵݿѾˣʵòǮȼð
ֻûؼҷ䵹񣬽˷ʰ˳䰮Ķ̶ûŹ
Լȫأĵ
֪䵱Ŀĺ󣬶Ĭؿһᣬ붼û׼۸
ϸ߸ߵҺһһƮķ㣬ֽذŷﰾ࣬ǰʱ䵱ƴ֣ԱҩһִĴѲߣάֳ
ʣڵСÿǼһʱƣƾƣԿࡢ
ЩòײŵõһƬӻ֮صˣԼͬóóȫʾлһңһֻݱӣһϵĸлһߵͷ
һջ·Ůͯż֧֪δĻɫҰ͸ء
Ц˫ֽӹתͷȴĲ˲ۿȻüǿŵıˡ
ﻹСǸصǼϽࡢʵȻܺİգ˴֮йͬ㣬ƾЩͬ㣬ܽһ/ȷİȷǡ
ڼ䣬Щʱܺʵˣǵıִ֣ηС
˵ȫ֤ûĻ©֮㣬Ѿ뵽õİ취
ܱȲá
ȣܱȲȺá
ǰΪҹսҲǿС
ŲΪΪΪޡ
ŲΪˡ


179 
ˣ
СɨİĻ, ֳڴҪ
ҡ
ȵû˵꣬ѾűһӵĻȻ¡
ϵѾ, صĲӰֻвɴ²ɴ¶һĨ˿ڽ糺졣
Ŷ˶Լĸ첲, һ˺ĶʹĴ
С۵죬˵ĻȴЦ⡣
ֲں, 㺦ʲô
תȥȵԲǰ, ӲýֺͷҺߵ𣿡
㲻תȥʲô
Сƿ, ˫ȷŵ£ԼЬġ
ҵ·أ
ȵ񣺡ȥϴ, öӲˡҲ֪ûϴ
ҵ, Сһ, ȥˮһ, ·Ҳҵһ࡭ιȸͷ, û·Ҵʲô
ȸͷֻȵʮ֮һһ⣬ֻôһ۽⣬СҲܵû˵ǿҲм
Ծôȥȵ̵, Ҳ֪߳ܶôд
ǳԻ/ҩˣС˵, 㲻ǻΪǵɣǰ, ܲܳƽˣҲû, һûƽء
ȵҪ, СѾһȳһȳߵǰ, ת, ¶ɴһ°̺ۡ
յ˺Ѿϵ裬Ϊָۣɽ·ɴһֱݹ᾵߼ιǡ
һᴩ󱳡
һˡҼƽ𣿶ǲүǣôôСС⩻˵
ǲүǣ㲻ǡУĻ죬ʳȵޱ
ʱһʲôûأ㶼֪Ǻ˻ǻ˾赶ɱˡҪǺô죿
ȵЦǺ𣿡
С룬Ҳ̫
ȵһЦΪӦ
ˣڶһӪˣʮ̳̳һЦô
С⩰ָһȵļ磬ȵͲվֲ˵ٴú󱳶
ŭ
㲻·ֶţҪҪ
㲻׼·ҲҪС⩵ԺľҪȵƽദ뷨⣬Ҳ˵׼͵ӣŲҪ
ȵɫתҲ˱ˣ˵
ң͵㣿
ôˣ֮ǰһ̣رһѴ߽ȵǰէйС⩣öˣС⩣㡢㡭·á
С⩳Ծôһˣ
ѵҪ⸱ģھ𣿡ȵ˵꣬תͷ˵ʱ磬ɩӼȻˣҾˣﻹҪ֡
ȥɣǵҪСġ˵ҲһС
ãɩӰڼҴšһĴġȵЦ
Си̣˫ȸˮƽʵ߳
ȵȣҲҪȥСùѾ뵱ϣһᛚˮϾܻãҡ
Сһ٣ͷﶶȹƬ
ʲô⣿
ȹѽ˳ﻹ£Ұƽϲãһ״ɫģ㿴ϲϲ
С⩸ҪܾɫһҴģµĶ
ض˶٣û˵ȥת̧ͷЦȻҴһ㶼ģϸƣ
ص˫ڴ˫רעӣѼԼ뷨
С⩱ƫ˷򣬲֪İȹװعȵǼһʧ⡣
ΪʲôҪҴŮװһ
㵽ˣҪһ˵ʱ䣬סɣŮװע⣬Ҳտ㡣
С⩲ϢĴڴʹò뷨
̾˿ӹѴ
·ǰϵƣɫһҹû˯
رؾⲻǻ˯ô
㺦£
СΪΪ˯žظҹͨԭС⩶˺þá
ʲôزڵա
ɽկֻṴĶǵŮ˲һС˵
һġҡͷĻˣѡĻᣬ˭ҲֻܹĶǵ
С˼
ҩѾˣȰգٻȥ˯ᡣЦ
С⩲˯뵽Լ˯ҲȥϢؽӹҩһ
¿һ۽ݵǰ
С̧һضЦĬĬ²ҪĻ۽ͽ
̽Ϊʲô̮֪ԭ𣿡ɻʡ
Сҡҡͷ·ʱڶսһͬѰĴ죬ź¡¡ʼ಻ϣҲʼҡΡǡǼûһᡭˮˡ
ǡأü׷ʡ
ˮ֮󣬾ûˡС˵˵ǡʶˮԡ
˵ǡ׶༪١
򴨽ڶʹʧȥǯƵ򴨾͵طԱ˵Ҫǳ¡
سüչһԵСҲšüͷ
ˮ֮ǰһǶݵľ죬һǳϵĺ
ըα̮죬Ǳը

ô
һץסˮţľ
ţڴҡͷֻǱȥ߰ɵȣߵ̵ѿڻڸĵط
õ֤𣿣ľϵĶͷôɵ£˯˲ͷʹֲ۵Ķӣ
֤ݣôԸѵˣµһը̽ߡ˵㻹Ÿ㣿˵
ѵǾҪڶ𣿣˵
Ż˵úãɽڣ·ơͰϵ£Ӹʪ͸ţŴߵͷֵӹһѾǲеңԺ˵ɡ
Ժ˵㲻ô˰ɣɵۡ
ںӱߣвʪЬͳŲľϣ峺ˮľ֮˫֮䡣ʪЬʱ򡪡
ζĺӷ紵棬ںڷ˿򢡣
һǱԼѪʪ
ϰͲ˫ѥ˵ҪһˣȻؾӪϢţǵһȥֵĽʿ
ʦģţ
dһ;˵
£źȸϡ
dһԸռռ
һԡ
ҳԣd˫۷⣬ϲ
Ͱ˵ĳ嶯˻֣ߵ˩һԵƥǰ
ݣ
һ˦۶
ϵɫ࣬üͷһ
ô£Ҳ֪ǴˡˮȻûг嵽ݣķ֣һӵ
Ǽһ￴ˣ֪ٽӡ
ԡзޡӿȺⷹͰ϶ͼʡ£Ǿ֮⡣
ۼһ࣬Թڣʮ֮/Ŷ֡
ݵı඼سǵĶУһ롣
ͻһǻǣһ̲ͣҹظϡ
ճسųڵƽϵʱ򣬳еȴǺнȻͬĻ档


180 
ԭտĳ, һһļªʱεض
ζڿ֡
ո߹Ƶ¥һƬС
ողʧȥ˼԰Ȼбʹͺ£ȴѾܹ, ±ľˮͰ֮ǵˡ֪ʧȥʲôĺͯС֦׷, ĻЦƯӪհ˵Ͽա
˻ţҪȥ
ǿŻЦ, ֻҪȥ, ûҪ
ͷ˩һԵϣžȶɻľۼء
ֻʧı, ûбȵԹһŹ, һĳ߼, ĸҪȥǼݡ
͹Щˣٺ»Ȼ֪ɵ£
͵ĸսǰǰ, ͣ˽Ų
кľ, ¥, ÿϡ
ҲΪǰǸӰϲûԻ͵篡
ԵĿյǰ, ߴӵͯ, ȿֺľ, Ķ, е֦ľɳϡ
֪ʲô, ߵĺͯһЦ, ˫峺ʢչ⡣
һٷС߳, Ի㱨̬˵ʲô
ϴЦһһ˼Ƭ̺𰸣ıǰС
Ȼֻϸѣȴĸ߹
ǲƸλϵĸ߹󣬶پ촸ĵеĸ߹
׺ĺ֦ͷֻгĻأץסµÿһ˿꣬
Ļǿ
ֻҪһ΢İģܿڷ֦֮ͷ
һ긴һꡣ
Զá
鲻ԽĿƷֺ
˫ţ˹ȥ
һŻҴҹ·СϳŵظͰ˰ͷʾضȥ
ֻʣʱͣ˽Ų
ϲԼȻһ֪ǰĹһĴڣӣ첽ȥռĿתŶԷСᡣ
ߴӵĺͯǼ״Ҳ״ɢ
һգۣƬؼֻʣǱ˴ˡ
ؿźԤ׳ǰˣԼ۹ȳ˻þ
ǻþΪʲôǰһƣɫ۵׵ɫʵ
鲻Խ߳գҲգؿľʧ١
վǰСش֡
ȵģǻþ
һֻֽ̣ס֮أġ
ƻۿᣬһƲɵӿ
̧ͷǰˣǧﶼںڣһֶ˵
úܺá˵ΪŮˡ
ΪЦ
ֱҴҲ˲ᣬΪƵģų貵Цա
㲻õĺ󷽣ء
ǡͿ˵㣬Ҳġ
кߣתƻǰôˣǡҵ𣿡
ҲˡǣĿĵǰȥǡʶˮԣûлӪϣ󡣡
ڣ򴨾˭ָӣ
򴨾ûʣˣ˭ָӶСԼ
ؿԸ̸飬һɵĻ⣺ǴĶģ
ݡ
ݵݡһҹû˯ؾȵµڴתϢҪҪ˯һ᣿
á͵ͷ·
ػǣǰ档
˲һ˵ţתһѾʼ㡣
ˣȴΪһ죬תҪߡ
˯ɣȡ
û˵꣬˾ͱһ˻ȥ
ץ֣ĿƵؿ˵˯ҪȥĶ
Ƕ˯ͺˡ
صĿЧҲЧ
һѽ𣬱ߡصÿɤĳʲô
ģӲʲôͰŵԼࡣŻԾص㼸ҹû˯ˣ
ҡ
ֳ
ָ£ĦţȺͰĶݹ
ؽŵ彥
Ƭ̺Ļʵʵ˵㼸ҹû˯Ҿͼҹû˯
խĿռͬӣĬ֮䡣
ͺȻһЦҫ
סʱɿ˹ӡѵˮһǡ
Ĵˡ
ػعһԲذ˱
ƨһԲռˣУǵΣ˵ʲôĴΡ
ϣ㲻ǿ˰ɣ
һȷȥʹϣͳȴһŹ̵
ɫͨ죬ʪ۾ôģֱؿ
ô̵ס
Ͷһᣬ˵𣿡
СߵòУӳħצ²ػرӣȴץϷš
޴ӷһӵġ
Ͳɷ˵ͷһڡ
üһڡ
Ǽһڡ
촽һڡ
˶ҪˣһֻůĴѼӹ˺üһ
⡢ⶼڼˣŰֻ۾һεؽе
ֻ۾ΪĥĴѼӶرš
Ѽûл̵ϰߣز֪
֪ˣл̵ϰߡ
ú°ĥ˺üº̾˿
տδۣʱ䶼زһᡣ
Ҫ˵͵ڶ
˵Һ㡣
ص°ݽ˱ӣߵϰи糺ơ
죬ұ۾Ķ㡣˵
ΪʲôشӱƵط
۾ණҪϴһϴ
㿴ʲôණˣ
Ķ͵
βסıĺز̧۳ȥ
ȴ۾
㡭Уʲôˣʡ
Ԥ׳ֵůĿһ˲ʧ
ػͻУȴ½Ӳ
ΪʲôͻȻ
֪˵Уˡ
ûµһãá
ֱ˸Ĵ
Ҳˣزӱ⡣
ӧңʱԶͯʮʱԪڣʷԪߡ׿Ԩͤɽԡ˲µһӵơ
ӲֱڱһƪĵĿġ
ʵĲ˵Ŀü
߹󣬵Ϊ˲治Ǹǫǫӡ
𲻷ʲô˼üͷԽԽأ㾿ڻشҵ⣬ת˸Ļ
˵ʱǵͯĶʤ̫Ӱּλ󲻿ɶõĹ֮׷¸ӻţͲһ˵Ժֳ︡ĻĸҲô˲ѧˣƷ³ڣǸֵиˡ̫Ӱ֣㡢Сãеˡʶˣ˵
أ
ʹűŭĺжصĻҲסﲻ̳ηͻҡ
ÿϵ֡
˫̹˫ֱֱؿΪע
Ϊʲôô£ʡ
£ãȻظһ飬ŵӵɫ˵Ȼ෴ĻҲ¡
һѪҪǲ£ΪʲôԼĿ˵ڣ
סƿԡ
úþ䣬¿ڵҵĿ׼ȷǱˡ
ΪʲôԼĿ׼ȷĿ
һһļֱָûи˼ʱ䣬֪䣬ѾƵ˽䡣
ҡҲ֪
ڿʵע±ˡ
ȴ겻˿ںȻ˽ҿϤû
ƺֻصĹ͢
£ȴȻ¶һ˵Ĺ͢ţȴ˵Ĺֻ͢ϣĵ·ϣһв̤ͻ⵽񶨺ĮӵĹ͢
ݻļֻ԰ĹԸķǡ
Щ͸ûʲôϵ
ƾʧȹɵչܣһиڶ״򲻶ͻͽĸʽɪף˭˭ͲúĶˡ
Щ͸ûʲôϵ
ڤڤ֮Уһֻڲٿ
ֻ־ͺ͸֮䣬˵ףҲ֤ˣֺֻ͸ʲôϵ
Ϊ覵µһӡ
κû֤ݵĻɶǺ޵
ûԸĻû˻ĻС̽õҲֻ۹⡣
û˵Ҳܴǵп𰸡
ã¶ٸŹŮ޶޲ˣԸȢһʧƵĹȫȻƷ¸߹ԵʣΪʧƹж¾ˣôôʶô
̫֪ô
Ѷ壬ܲĺ
ɹС֮ĶȾ֮
ʧ˼źʹҲһ
ϲãУ˼룬Ǹ͢⵽ȫ̷񶨡
һΣһΣһΡ
գȲ棬ںڰУܼ˿ٿء
ʧغĸоǳУһʧäˣΪ˴磬òͷϵ˿
Ϊֻ̤ǸĴ΢ֻ˵ϳõע
ǰ˺¡
ӿۿǿţʵв׽͵Ӱ
Ҳ֪ſǻ˵
ĵµĺڰʹ£ĸܣŶìܡ
ǰ¶º͵΢Цֻܵߵı䡣
֪ҲûϵȻѳİ·㵱Ȼ֪һ޹ϵˡ
ͱ
£ԴԴϷů塣
Ժÿһ죬ҡ
һһ٣˵
أҲ㺦ˡ


181 
͸ϻذƽԭĵ, ʿǵĴ顣
ǱͣαܣɾǱˮöףûع, ֱĸҾҲű, һսʮɾ, ȫʤ
ҹ, µİƽԭ״γ˿֮
ʢ칦Ӫ磬ӸƮ, ټΪ, ƺﲻ
ΣĹٺڻΪһ, ǴԴ, ĿŹҡҷŮ
ž޴ƤϣŴ˴δս
źɫ[ۣ׺һöˮ, ºӦ·Ĺء
֮ս, ֤µһ֮˵¹׼б, ң
׻˵ú, 踸ӱүȵۿʢ, ָµƽҿȡαͷ­ҲԶˣ
ʤǰ;
, սضʷϻŨīزʵһʡ
ӢµһӴӲʧ
Ȼµһӡ
칦, Ծʧǵľ̨֪Ŀ, ĬĬһڡ
ҪµһӴԭΡ
ѾѲ򣬱Ҳڿ԰ˣ֪͢жĴ㣿
ƺ֮ʱһ侲ڿȻһ
̧۳ԴȥһǰĹų̈ϵĸ㡣
ǧμӷ֪
ڲڶʹϽ£ؿڶʹǵ֡
ȵʱҳ֯͢뾩ܸӢڶʹڰûԶڳݵĲڶʹɳԼĸɽʲԮ
̽ʱаŶӹһ١
֪⣬ǲڴ˴Ĳڶʹ⡣
Ĺߵļ˲ԼͬԶͬľ롣
ѻȸΨ˿֮ͻأš
ҪˡԵľֹ֪һ
ͳٳ̫飬ʵΪʲôô˵
֪ϷΨΨŵŵתͷͬüͷһ壬ټְ˳ΪʲôҪ㣿
ǲֲͬǲ֪⺺˵ţײײ򴨾ֻΪˣ㲻ң˭ң
һӲѾ֪պµȾƴŶʹֱۣǾ䡰Ϊ򶯡
ȻྶͥҲͬˡҲաҾ͵һ·ˡ֪һۣ˵ôûûѲɣΪǱϲ޶𣿡
֪ĻѾºһˡ
治ɫٱãƺδ֪
Ҿһ¾յһؿˣ
Ǻεȴ£ܴҴҾϣѾͳһ࣬Իþ֮£
֪ã˵
˴ɣ˵ھдôãۣиһãѪ㣬ʱǺã
¼࣬ӻȻ˵֣
ӻɷ׻ҲѱС֮ͽ˼壡֪Ϊ˱µİΣҲΪ˴δ¹֮һüޣӦԽԽã
δмܼʿѾкβãοӢ䣬ָб˳ᢣܹ񣿡
ǧñһʱûбͲܴʤ̣ÿ겦ôģѵǷ𣿡
˵ʲôҾŭ
֪һ٣ϵھʧ֮󣬾Ӧ¶ϵȻụ̂ò¹ٻɣǷм鳼ڿӴ£
һէͣ
ʦɫҰ׵عŮͣ£ڽĿת赸ϵĽ˴ײΪΨһ
ںһŶҵ٣ںʦ³֮Ĺ;
߶̨ͨϡ
һЦŵ
һ㲻׽ǳЦڸϣŭɫº͵ؿ̨µ֪ſ˿ڣ
֪ƺָ֪м鳼飬Ҷǡࣿ
¹ٲգ֪ĪҪ롣֪¹ֻһֿܰˡ
ͽüͷ֪ϴת
Ծ
ǰδʲôȻ֮ǰĬˣΪʲôƫƫڸʢ칦Ϸѣ
Ȼϳ
Եľ֪ҡͷڸ˵ĵ߶߶
۵µ֪һȻı飬Ȼ塣
ǵη壬ǲк֣
Ժ˵ףǴɾӣЩʲôȾƣȾƣ֪ĩһ
һ佫ƱҪ̨ס
ɫĲɴ̧¶һֻ覵֡㵲һ£Ƶ佫ڨڨ˻ȥ
һֿܣͲӦðȻ֪ڹٳӦ֪֮һ䴧⣬ʧҳһ׮ĪС֮
Եľ֪ӣѰ۽ǡ
ղ˳ˡ
Ϊʲôʡ
ĪˣҪϢ˵ӣ֪ٴΰһۣǱ֪
ȻǵƦ˿ٳɶ֪
˵Ԫж˹ͬôΪ֮˹ͬ裡
ȻŸ㻰£֪ʧȥ˴ݺȻ̬
֪ϵĺ΢΢ţŭֱָ㣺¹Ծ䷢ԷθģͬԻڵᲢۣ֪Ѫˣ
֪ˣ΢΢һЦδ
㡪
֪ӶվŭڣҪ˵һˬʵſ
ûٰɣ
ƵӰڶĴӵ˽ǰԲ佫ϵľյаĹŵôϵ䡣
֪շӦ˹£ͼոջͣĲȹмΨһĿյϡ
⡭˵õ⺺أ
֪ææǰòײŴѹѹ򵹵ȺѰһ֮عȥ
˸ߺ꣬ڵƻͨϵӰһƬںڵĺ
ڸߺĹ֮УȻ̧ȥ
̨µİ׻Ƥϣ˫ָ߾ٹͷҾݶ¡
΢¡
𣡡
ԪЦԷ㡣
˸Ĳ̫һ
ĵŷ࣬ϲٻɫϵĻƲצǱ໨ھɾ׵ĽϣˮĺƵοԡ
޸ոջںҶ˵ҪǸϵɣܸϲʤ칦硪ƣȻ谻ͷҶЦ
ҶͷҾ֣Ц͵¹Ȼ񡣡
ûõԪۻϯϢɿɨΧ˾ɵɫ۵ףе֪ϡ
ԭˡ
˸µһĹϵҲ紫ǰг
ڰӿͬʱһĽ˩ڰƽԭӪͣ
ݳСģ꣬һ˴ͣȺ³ӹһֻݵֵݳƣɿӪشȥ
ãһĸߴһ˳
ҿ˿׽ټǵ˹
ô㣿
ƿؿűҵˡ
ӽûʱټ㡣ѹɫصˡ
²Ǹڽ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˭ûõϢү͹ӣͬҶͨˣġ
ͻϢ˼˵Ҫ£տԻ㣬Ҫ£ҿɴ档
Ƭ̣˵ˣǾ͵ȹæ꣬ɡ
ᵢ鹫ӵɣʡ
ᣬ²Ҫ˵ֻǹӴǰҪҲһ£нˡ


182 
߷, һҹ칦ڹĻ
ƺȵʱԪۺ֪һһͣҪݽ, ǧصȥ֮, ɫԲݡ
, Ԫ۱빦ӻδϵ£ʼĴ, غ, ѱ߳Ҳֵ֮Ϊ͡
ĸɵƯ, ڷʱ㵹Ԫ۳½ײԱ׷Ķ, óλ, յֱ֮Ȼʣ롣
ϯɢȥ, ˸˼طԼ
Ԫʱһ˯ɽ
òĹŮ辻ˮϴɹĵ֦ΪˢȹŮΪ£谵˯Ҳȫʧˡ
ǰ˶, Ŀ⴩һſű飬ǸɫӰϡ
㱣źʱǰһ޵ƣһعС
һ˿Ц, ÿ, ЦΪȡ
ʱģôûͨ
ߵܹ̫౰ϥ֪ɢϯͱһ, ǰ̫, ºһ˯ˡ
ô, ޲С˯ˣѵǾͲ޽𣿡谼ŭòôһأ
ܹ̫Լһ£øͣһϻ̳Ͽֵӵū澸
ºʹܹ޹أ΢ѱµġͶ˱Ϻ󣬸㴹ˣñһҹߣ΢ĸ֡
ôܵʱոշƵģҡ̫ȣⶼã겻£һͬŰɡ
º񰮣겻ƴǡ
һյ˫ѪҺͨԽֱԭһ£ƽݱѹֵʹֱܹ̫֮գβȵĸ
̴ľ޺ϣɫɿسţ¶£ֹˣ˶ϰ˱µķκ
ŮϵȲƷţƺҲûһ̵Ǳ
һһŲŲڵϵʹߵ޺ǰʱͷѾϸܵ亹
գûˣ겻غ޼⡣谷²յ
л¡Ҿ齼
˯һͷԻѣΪǰ
ģͷҾ֣ǨݵԸ
ˣ̫ļˡ谿ü˳۵ģ¶һЦȴ˵ţȡαͷ­ȵ֮֮ǰȷʵΰӡүͰ˼࣬ҴŹ֮
΢ҵ
ҳ޸ôأˡǰЩյõǺңأ
ܹ̫һʱ̶̴ľǰ
ֻһƴУöںڷҩ農С
յǿ壬̲ĹЧ޻ù֪䡪
Ц̧ۣԳĬԵĸԸΪҩ

ûȺӿ
ʤսĽʿǿڶ칦磬ֵӸвϴ
Ӫһǰȴվżɫŵˡ
ǰⲽʱͣ½Ų
Ůͷñʱ̲ס첽ӭȥ
ˣ
ô˵üͷеǹС
еĶҩһЩ̲׳ҩǳڷãҩɡֻǡض˶٣˵ҼʵѰ
֪ˡĻǶȥɣչˡ
ص˵ͷһ
˲Թɫɢȥʣһˣǰ˼վǰ
ÿ߽
ڻ谵޵ƣտֻһһѣһпŷ齼ϣֻʣҩ衣
ȡñҵǰͣƬ̣ѹ·ìܵ˼ϵı飬ÿҡ
ҸӰ
һǹڵĴ˽һıᴩƬŵء
ĹУ㱳ԡͰˮԼűӰӡǶļιͻֻ׵÷ֽץԡͰʧȥڹ̶ĳԺڱˮһɫ
ӣ
һʹȾϲ
ǰһԡͰĸͷ˵ͳƵȥ
òͣ˿ĽŲ
ʹؿűˮͰвɽıӰ
´͵ĵҩѵѰ֮Ч𣿹Ǿֻ̣Ҫӵͷ׵ĹŮԸʽ⹫һʱ֮ΧΪҪĥԼ
ڰյǹڼž
ˮһǣһᣬ԰׶¶һɱЦ
ΪһڲˣתͶ˻Ůˡӡοࣿ
صٴڶߣ
ȷʵ޹ؽҪһҲáԽһºþû˯þˣ˲پƣ˵иþҲ֪Ǹ͵ĵƦʲôУȻƭ¼䵽ѡ
ԽȻ¼޸һԿɹƭΪ¾
ˣˡ
ӻڿѰټΪڳ¡⣬Ȼûһ֪Ȼ޵ʵ
ҪΪѾ֪£֪Ҫ϶á
أΪʲô
ˡ
·ҲڽݱˮеºҲʧǱߵĿ£ΣյĻȼա
ϥ£ͷڵŵֱϣδڵϡ
֮Ф¡
һһ٣
ԸΪӳͿأԸüΪɨׯһԸ±ӣ±ӣĸ֣һ⡣һһԸǱǹӵҸ
̧۰ֱ߲ǸȻ޶ԱĲпӰ
ףô⹫ӵĸŹŮΪҪִһԼˣ
ѾԼȫһͷԸԼڳ
ûгһռ
ܹµĴΨԸԶ߽
ǡ׹䷲ı˼̤
Լһж׸ǰˣĲҸģҪһŮӡ
Ҫ˵ֻЩ˵Ǿ͹ȥ
Ϊ˭ҹշתÿʱÿ̶ڰõĻзʹࡣ
ֻǣͬʹࡣ
еìܺһ̰оϡ
Ҫ档ȥˮ˵ѲڵĵϸֻΪҡײƭδ֮

컹û;ͱӪ˷ļˡ
ȸ˵çǳһҹò˯ţ߾һ㣬һһߵĴ
ǿдԼ˯޹ʹۿɫĺȦɱڵس˻Ӫ
ӪӪĵطᵶӪʱߵĴ±һ
ֻͺеģھҪŭ
סĴ±ʶָָץ֮ѵƴļϣݺݵаƺҿ˭㣡
ʱͶһ˱ǵļ࣬һװʳʳУһɵ߳Ӫ
һñŮӭ泯
ӪŮӣӪ˲ǣӪ˲ڹ컯ֱͦڴ·ϡ
͵Ŵ룬ʶض࿴һۡ
ˬĳӪ֮䣬ɴ¶һŲ۵ͿҲ͡
Ͽ޵úÿ
죬ֶ룬ںż࣬Ųdȵȥˡ
ͣ½ŲתȥıӰ
ɪ紵߲ҵҳЦ߬ڴе˫֣Ͻ¶ĳ־⡣
һ͵ıӰתԶˡ


183 
ʤĵ, ʧİûӰƽԭϵĸƽΪԪ۵ĳ֣ʢ칦ӪĻ
ϯݻ, ľ, ˮ͵սƷ˭˭˭ּӹٽϢϴӰƽԭڽС
ÿһնڴܹ͢칦ͣĿתƵ̮̽ĺÿһնֻµʧ
, Ԫ۲֪ü޵̬ͰˣʹźֺҴÿľ, ûͬһӪصԪۻһ֪
ΪʲôΪʲôԪûκΰߵ̵ָʾ
ѵǱʲô
Ŷ񣿡
ĶͷȻ˵һ¡
ͲؿӲÿ, Ķóԣ
ÿ, óԡ۵Ķͷһε, ֻ, һĲ̫˷ˡ
͵ɴ۾
ôˣ
Ȼо˷ѵʱ򣿡ŵ
ز, ƵʿյĿͲǴǰǸˣ
Ǽҵƨֽôһһ
ⲻһ˵, ƨֽǱƷ
þð, ҪǮ˵
ò껹תͶȵҪǮ
dǵ̸ȤһֻŰǰķ˾
˵˵𣿡ü
ȵת˿ڷ, ϵȻǣ
סһ, ԺƭӲĿǳˡ˵, ܲţһôţŽ, ˣţŲẮ塣
ᣬСһģ
ȵһӣŵظռţҲҲôԷС⩳ȵ¶һѾı顣
⻹ûꡣ
ȵһϺ壬÷Էθı
̸ʫְ֮õָʹˣСܣǧĶϲȫͬƫ㣡С
dȵע⣬͵ﻹûü¿ڵļӣؽԼķ¡Ǻá
ȵƨľһ˸ա
ҵأ
˵Ҳǣ˵Ҳǣֱǵܵܣֻüװ֪ͷɷ̧ͷʱǡúһԵСײߡ
СգգۣЦˡ
ȵ׽С⩵Цݣ˲͵ҵļȣ
..
СҲʲô£
˴յһ𣬾ûú˵ʱ
С⩣Ůװˣһӵײײȡ
ޱѰӣȴҲޱҸ
ƽܰʱ̣ѾܾöûйˣҲΪ͢Ĵ󽫾岻ʣлͣͲлӪػؼҿ
ⳳֶܰһĻģΪ˸˸Уţⴵ˴СطŽ
Ҳ˵ʲô͢ɱţˣ͢ɵ๫˲٣Ҳһˡ
׽˵ţ飬ȵܲڿбζܲţеķζڿɢ֭һº
ʳȶȴθɢȫؾָⶼõչ
ʳζŰ֮ͼһʳ㣬κλƸܱġ
ʱ˿̣ԾǲɶõҸ
˶緹ػʶʰѾ߾ǵĹ
绹Ҫȥ巿ݵı߽ӲˮdȵֵԲ˵СҲװҪͬһ
վ¿ˮ¶ĽĿ⡣
תͷ˵ôѣ
㶣ع󣬾ϲҲȥ𣿣
ȥȥȥ𣿡Ϳ
ȥغԥ
תɱطǰδеٶϴϣֽЋqеѸq˵ҪȥӲˮüͷûɿ
ˮʪأúܣ˾ʹðɡвУһҪľһˮޣų졣ʲôȱůء
qű֮Ѿʣ˳˼
ؿЦã˵ԼȥΣյĵطˋqһʼ񶨵ëá
Ҵʰúñ첽߻ǰԺǻԭصȻ֣Ҳû룬Ȼǣȥ
֮߳ǰشñ
˶ϳ󣬳ǰˡ
dһӣֻаƨϣŲӣضԱߵȵҡ𡭡
ȵżͶԱߵС⩣ȥ㡣
СתͷԱߣȴ󿪣һλõ͡
ĿԺС⩹ϻͷԶԺô򷢵ȵȸͷʲôλͲſȥ𣿡
ظս֮ǰԼһŲŲĵС⩹һɡ
δ䣬ڳλþͱͼˡ
һǰͲϵĴ󿪴̬§˵Ȼʲô˻̿ã
ȵһʱĴָ֪ƼǴ磡
˼һ䳵ò׵ִĿĵغ½һһӳ˳ȥ
һ³»صأ˿
΢ķӺӵ´˹ǵĺˮɳιȥ
صһ޼ʵĻ
ӵݹѾǰںӵǰͺأæǰһ
ͻ˻֣ɫࣺˮλˣ
ĿǰѾȶˣ¼꣬¡һء
С⩶ںӵ̱ߣͷŻɵա
꣬˵¾¡ҿͦҪġ
ûʲô취Ϳڵ
ɫΪѡ
ŭɫˣǾʲô취벻Ҫ÷֮£ΪʲôҪǷٺ»
Ϣŭ¹ѾټӸߺӵˡӵ֮£ûиһأʵѼɹ
޵Ǵ󹤳̣ȷʱáؼɫԽѿæԲ̽޺ǰҲˮֺڸòҵط־߷ˮ˼ңͶɵķҲ˵һ
ͿС
УУû⣡̧Ӳöͷ亹ͷ¹ٻһԸȥ
⼸չڼûɣںӵ鼮˲٣֮ءûӴӵأ˼ˮλͱ߿ˣʣһСֽ̡ȵСվһߣ㿴Ҳ˳ۣҿ㲻˳ۣбš
ҿҲˣͲʶȤʧ𣿡ȵ˵
С⩲˼Ҷû˵ʲôߴʲô
ļҲҵİңҵȻȨȥ
Ҳʹһ㲻Ҳ˿һ𣿵۵̣ӱˣС˵󻢶Ҳ㣬ôר׷ģ
ȵһЦ󻢶ûƤҴɩߡ
С⩳ĬƬ̣ٿʱɵؿȵ㲻ǳԴ˰ɣ˭ģ磬ɩӣ
ȵɫֱӶ֡
Сһ㿪һѡɿӵǰŭ۸ӽû
Ҫվס㡣ȵ׷ȥ
ΪɵأСܵøˡ
ע⵽ǵĶһǵؿԽԽԶıӰôִˡ
෴ķͱվںӵ̱ߣɫӵؿŲιĻǺú̾˿
ڵ湷βͲݵdãȻسȥ
ͳ˼Ƭ̣
ضɽҡߵޣѼϸ
˵̽ĸ׺ӣСӿǡ
˭ƺ̧С
ûдǰѼĳֻð
꣬˵
ʫˮɣΣ
ϰԵؿԣӦȴֻһ˫޹ãĴ۾
֪󣬼į˹


184 
ҹĻٺ, ͺܵܣԼװСҪϻذƽԭ
һ·͵ţؿ, ڶܶԥΣǹ˵ǾѾõĻ
µǻ, Ƶ, ܼĵط, ܲܰ
˵⻰, 
ĵλ򴨽ڶʹǡõģǡѾˮ¹, ѱҾаԪۣ
ˣոյġ
ػû˵, ס, ɫɢȴ͸Լ˵ȻҪǲ˵, Ҳġĺˡ
ظжѣºɬ, ŬЦݣ
ͣлл㡣
ôأ۰
̣Ӭ˵򡢷, лл㡭
ϸոǸЦĿƵض
Ƕأȥɡغ, 
С⩺ܵܶڳ, ƥ, qҶҲڲԶ£ô˵ĵȴ£Խɬ޴롣
ҲأͲĵ˵ʲôʱЦʲôʱߡ
ûа취ֻð͵Ҫ󣬾Ц

غߵллûڣͺȻתȺdȥ
ˣ;֣˻ӣ
̲̿ס̧ǰСȵذ˰ڣĻӦԶȥ͡
͵ıӰ
ߵdǰӹȵȵһۣһԲطС⩿һۣ˼ߵǰ
ΨdֱؿͣЦˡˡ
һһƾ˽ߵdϣ˵
dЦߴﹾŴͷԼ
ϣٴλͷò׽صĻ֡
¶̹ѵЦˣһ
ҹɫдúԶغٸֱۣ˻ӡ
ٴһЦסݣ
Ŀ͵ʧھͷתqŻرա
qŵҪЦһ׵ӰһԵ߳
ҹ紵ͷϵñϸ֫ڰɴ֦
һʶͣ˽Ų
Ůǰͣ˽Ų
ˣqһ嵽ǰĸһǰҶҲ첽ߵǰؿǰĲ֮͡
ǽ׳ӣػҪһ£ǰŮ˵ǋqǿ׳ļҶˣؾþԼҪöࡣ
ɻؿǰŮӣҪѯʣԷȡͷϵñ
һˮܽصӳҹɫС
Ůӯӯݵһһٵ
Ůɰݼ¡
qҶһͷˮ
Ψ֪ˣԭصżˣ޲øողų˳ŵ˲ߡ
ŵþͲҸطؽȥȴʮֳԾȻ˵ϴ˰ɣ
ǰʮİƴѰԼļ䣬ҲҲصļ䡣
ѵļҵС泤밲Եɺ¼ݣ
Ů΢΢һЦӵվ
ߴʼնϣԱߵċqҶ
ϴ˰ɡɰЦ
㡭ϴʲôϵĵ
⣬ŵĵطһ衣Ů˵Ҳǵɻܵõ𡣡
ɰһת߻ΨһһƻͨĲ̡ڲǰͣ½ŲתػһδЦǣİٲ֮⣬ػڳ¥Ѳߣһ󺰣ӿ
µĵѣƻɨɰϵҺϣµĴȾŹâÿ߶
㻹ʲôأ
ɰЦЦת߽˲̡
ɰǹڵ̬µİڤڤ֮һָܣǰľ棬ŮӾơ
ص׼ඨ裬ΪĹ˼ɣ߽ǼͬԻ
ˣŮ߶߶ģǿ߰ɣqﲻӡ
ȴûŲŲ
Ů֪ݣҲס
Ѿӱ뿪ָʹΪ
ûõġ
Ԫ۾ڰƽԭɰѴš˶Ӳ
ôźãôźã
գԋqﻹڴߴ١
ǵqھȥǷҸʲô£һһû֪Уξ࣬ٴԮ˵꣬ҶǶ
̬ȼһͷ˲Զĳ
ش׳ļҶĲ̡
ǡС䣬ҶȻص˵ͷ
ѶͨĲſڣ߽˴󿪵ĵš
Ļҳȫ¶ɰһķǰð裬΢Ц

ıû˿ɣ̽ǿ϶֪صݡ
ػӲ̣ûҵ˵Ĵڡ
ʲôأɰ΢ЦûеˣԺ˯ŵһң󺰴»²ϣķȥ
һصĴ㣬ȨС
ǿװ򶨵ؿڣʲôˣ
ɰŮɰֻ縡Ƽ档
Ȼؿ
ֻǱ˻棬ΪʲôϵԼ
ãȷʵȲϹΪؽѰİ֮衣ɰ̾ϢŷſյվֻϧˡΪѰĴۣһûȵˣѳʽϲ衣
һףصз
ŻɰŶĺ˵һս˫ȭ߾ȫſ־ӡ
²غ£ŮѾ˵ֻ縡Ƽ档ҶԵ²޶⣬Ҳ޷ǿȵȥʲôɰ̧ۿأº͵ɰģػɣұκ˶Ҫˡ
ɰĻˡ
㲻׽һȥģ
ɰԼҲУΪҪ׽»ȥܿࣿɰ˵
㡭
ɰ˴湫һݣ£ʵ˻Եɺϡ
Ҳݣɫһס
ɰһۣкѸתΪȻⲻİƽԭ²֪
ɰ˶٣³ʣµĻǱϢ
ؽµĵȻ֪̽ڰƽԭ޲ɵѣ뵽ͣ˫žֻζԭء
ͣѼƨˣ
ΪʲôôȻڸƤӵºȣԼ̫ӲҪҸʯͷײײ𣿣
غ޲Ѽ˻ߵؿһڹ۲ɫɰǰغԼĶҡ
̫עµϢˡǿЦ
֮⣬ĸУ
ɰϵЦ˲˿ڣ˵ˣҲðȻͣ¡ֻڵĴʵ̫ΣˡΪ¿ص룬Ҳ׵ͷ¶ǡ
ɰ˵ĺеʮʱعڼңסһһҲƵòִ֡
ͳ΢Ϊһݹٸ£ӦҲ˵µָʾɣɰϵıϣ˵ĻҲΪһ㣬ͼ¸£Ӧغ󷽣һӻ·ֵ£ͱвܣҲܼڱߡ
˼ǡӦúͷ־أؾȵ
ºͷ־أȽ˵±ֵķգһݱ¶£ܹ뷨תֻҪСһЩԼѻݣһӭعУҲɱȫ͵ˡ
ķӣȷʵϰȫ
ֻشǰδ뿪͵ķȥ롣÷뻻ȫǷֵã
ǿ϶ġ
Ȼ
ɰͷ¶ĺ󲱾̬˵ɰλ²Ըһ֮
Ҫôң
ɰͳһֻҡ
мŹݵķ¸ͨеļ·һŴݳݵϸͼɰݳң˵Զսģ㸻Ҳ̫ԶֻҪѮڵ¶ԣӦõѡ񡣡
ص䵽ϣ¶ԥɫ
ɰ˵뿪ԽԽáպɰҪ湫뿪ݣʱߵ˲ֹɰһˣԸΪڣȴδԸ⡣
Ѿһʱˣqȴǰ
εĳĬֽӹ˽ҡ
һᾡ뿪л㣬ɰ
ɰ΢Цܰϵµæɰҡ
ؽҪȴɰסˡ
壬ȴ󲻵ҲԼˡ
ʶûв˭Ӯʵ
ɰ΢Цſ˵Ļ𣿡
Ȼǿװ򶨵һȥʰʰһߡ
Ϊʲôã³žͻὫ·ߣȻ֮ززأ
ҹ紵ҰݣһССèдǽƺҰèǽ߹
ҲġŹ֣
֣ץϵĲյͳ˹ȥɰɫ䣬ʶ㣬سô˻ᣬⱼȥ
֣
յѺɰ߳ŭͬʱ
ǿҵΣغ󱳷ϸ룬̨˳ȥ
һʵʵĹʺһֻŲļʸǰ
ͬʱȫװƽӺڰ˳ת۾ͱȦΧˣۺċqææذӵϷ
ҡһûߵţͱ˴ӺˡǺүҡqﺬᣬһ
˲ÿϵʹؽסq֣οʮСûµģúܺá
һ̶Ӻڰ߳վƴĹǰƽغͲ߰˺˶
һȦ³󣬺һ
ͻҺһֵĵ̣֮ǰûд̽𣿡
ظŻúܿվںһЩк󱳵һе¡
ûõġ
ȻûãǾת
ɰǰ˳Ϊǲᷢڹȡ
ض˸ۣøߵļҶ֮һȥԶĺ϶ķ
ԭֻΪ˶֣óˣ
ֻţսһ
ɰߵ̵żǰգҲգؿ̨±˻أǲҪ˵˶װк𽥰롣
ܷң˵ʲôʱɵģ
ŮαװһҲ¶ı顣
䱸ؿŶԷ˵Һ㡣
ͬ幤ֻһϼضһһٵáǸҪҵˣ


185 
ˣ
΢΢һЦ, ˵ֵ
ɱ
qüͷһ壬Ϊץһ̣ɿ֡
ֱͦ, Ŀбӵؿʮָָġ
ɱġ
²ΪڡЦ͵µˣһ
ؽ촽һԲı飬ϵЦȥ
ҳһ˵һֵ˵е̶, , ܶ𣿡
һִĵƦåСһԶռơ
ؿ˵, Ӯ˵ġ
֪ͯߵ΢Цһ
¿֪, ̽, Ǽı, 
£һڱ˴ӺԺ˳

ʮˣʮŮˣ߰ͯ, ƽƲ, ֽţ󵶺ڲǰ, ۺؿصˡ
, ˷ɡ˵, ޹İվҪˡ
ԭأ°ϲƵ˿ڻۣ°һֱյؿڡ

һ³һȦƵؿˣӣ֪ҵרĵ𣿡
ɫãȻص˵ͷ
˯һᡣ
ػûӦѾһֵ
֪˭𣿡ŵֽסʧȥʶصˡ
һְؽһԵċqĵطת̶̻ҡ
֪ҲûҪ̧֪ۣ俴վڵƻ֮е̬ȣҲʲô˲Ĵ
ȷʵǴȴǺֵǮĻ˵ңҪǮҶ㡣
һ˵Ǯٶ࣬ײҲֻ˯һ
ʿụ̃Ϊ˵ңҸһة֮λ
һҡҡͷ˵ˣˡ˦ƹͦá
βˣ
㻹ᣬ֪Ƹ͵λʲôˡһɫƽȥֻһĳӦͣҪܺһƬ£ǰѺĳŵϲȡĳΪպСǰ̧ͷҲòֹһܡ
ôܣǰһҾɱ
ವһĻں
ƹƲҽһֻСɵķڲؿϡ
ʺѪ͸ؿڵĲ¡
Ů˺ͯؿ޺
ˣ׼ĲˡǰһڣֱӲںϵġһַ¸ո˦ڵ֡
㡪ŭĿźһ֡
ĳһ̵ֱˣʵΨһɱʡһֵ˷ݲȵСһ㡪
Ц˵ģӦŶԡ
ĵƻںһϣᴩ׵ĵЦݳ¸ӿɲ
˻ţվźϷ˵ˣϷȡͷһֿ۾һһٵСŻǲţ
ǵฮ棬ôңͲ³ܸϵ֮ŭ
һ̵ַЦЦһеģβɾȥ˾Ȫ֮»θܣĳҲķڷ
þ취޲ˡ
ǰβӲԡ
㵽ôҧ
Ҷˣʲô鲻Э̣һ˵Э̲ɣɱɱֲǲɡ
ѹŭǰô˭ԸЭ̣
һ˵ҪЭ̵Ĳҡ
㶡
ӣװˣϳˡһ˵Э̲Ǻĳó¡
زشӋqﻳվֱ塣
ոһ£ֻĺϡûιȥֻǰպһֵĶװιȥѡ
ƹ˵ʱ̣һֱ˵Լźһֵأ͵۹⣬ûƻһֵļƻ
£˳Ծ纮˫ȴð𣬡عӼ㣬Ҳһ
ҲعϵҲҡǵĿͬΪʲôܴһ˴˶Э飿
Ҫ㣿Ц˭һ˻ɽƬ񣬼·ߵʯͷ
ͲŲʯͷʯͷʯͷΣŭ
סԵҲסˡ
û˼
飬ʯͷȴبų档Уνʯͷɽ֮ذٱߵص
Ŀתؿ¶ž졣
κıˡҿԺǵǲҪһ峡
ߵċqˡ
أһ˵
Եĺˣܿ죬Ǿץ˻˺Ժ
Ŵµֹ󣬺һֻ˻֣ĵƦå͋qﶼ˵ӿڡ
ء˵
һֿء
ߡ˵
ÿɷ񣬴һĨЦ
ҿԷŵһ·˵Ҫȵ۵ģڹǰ
˵ҿȵ۵ģ޷֤ڸǰ
ɫ֮ǰ˵
Ҫøģܼĵط٣ʹ׷ٲҺߵˡ
ȻҪұѹӣⲻܣ
ʲôؾȵǸ𣿡

ؽ˵ո˵ֻҪһְҽ㣬Ǯ㶼
˵
ͣƬ̣ƨ˵йԼ
ǮңҿԴӦ㡪ֻҪسŵΪ٣Զ¶٣ڸǰ
ؿء
ΪǮԸ뿪ӣ
ΪǮʵֻǮ뿪øһ㡣
һﾪˣ˶ݵ͡
һ˼Ƿνķࡣ
عʣҪ٣
ҹֵ٣
ĬƬ̺úŭ˵
ҼҹȻ޼֮
޼֮ίˡش̽ǧ
˵ЦЦ
ظҪһ㿪ۣͿڵҸƽֻҪȵۺͰ׹ģ֮궼ٳڹǰ
ǧƽ
ض컳ǻƽֵ˻ˡôһ棬һھƽ
ūͶ£ϸǺεȻ
Ӹʱ𣬹ԽϢͲڶļҼȴ׾óƽ𡪡
ټأǧİգǽɵ˰պͲ˭ĺɰ
æҲģ㶼ܲ鵽ҵ١ҹҵңǳ𣿡
ô˵͵·ʡ¡
ɱ𣿡طʣ֮һὫױиϵرˣֻҪˣұ֤Żڸǰ
㡪
һ֤شĻһӶԭ㡣
ץ˭ᣬĸûʧǰǰͬУضĿȾ˵ѧ߷֣ķеġ
仰ץ˶Էɫȴ޻κڵ
ãҴӦ㡣Ҳŵԣһ徻Ҫǰ
Ȼ
˻ģ˸ȣ׳ɽһˡ
պһ˽Ʊ͵
ҪŵƱ
ˮضһҪ
ԡѾټּۻȥˣ¶ͷɫպ󿪰Σڹ뿪ƽԭ֮ǰϣºΪ֮ҪðȻͷ¶档
ԡҲˬ
ܽÿ𣿡һֱԹ۵ĺһ֡
һ̧̧°ͣΧڲǰĵƦåǷ׷·һ񣬺ЮŲƹһ˵ڣȻ͵һƣһ˳ӳʲôʯҴ̱ǵζųɢغߵċqﶼ̲סűӿ
Ұ»ָѲӰ
׷𣿡һʡ
ˡ
üŶԷʧķ
óƽ棬ֻǼҼô򵥡
Ҫʧضɣ˳׷ٵǱȻ飬̽û׽סӵǣ̽ǷĴ˽ġ
ԳȻǷ񶨵ġ
ֻάĿǰƽȥκˣҲϣκ
ΪˣҪԼԲС
ֻͱҲ뱣͡ڣԼΣ
ԼװһߵɵڵϵĲƹǰýż壬ĳķҪôʱȥ߽ˣõСس￪ķ
ƹ
һֵĸǰ˲ƹƲ˿޿ҵԼ˭ҽӣ
ûõļһ
һ˵ţԶ׵ƹǰ̶һԵʯͷϿ˿ģ̶µĵƬһϵ
ʲôƹ޵ŮӾʲôˣҺԩ޳ô¾ƫƫϡҪˣҿӺͺҪ
Ѫʡʡˮɣϻô࣬㶼ˡһ
ƹСز鿴ơ
ϵһԤϵǰ㣬δ˼ҪΪʱţ˿ѾȫֹѪƹһҲ˵ںڵġ
ŵ˵ڲӪյҽҩѺ󣬲ƹתΪЦشźȥҹгҹˡ
ֹؿźһ֡
һûпƺľ޲̶ڣ˵ĳʹˣ䲻̫Ҳ̫áŹã˵ЩĳѾЩǲˡ˵û˵ʲôҪɣ
غܿ췴ӦмЦû˵ʲôҪ¡
Ǿͺáһ˵ȥ׷ͣزá
һֵĻû˵꣬ļǵ
أ
ͳŸոȥdˡ϶Ų̶ͬȵĽͣȺﰲȻʱؿԺһ
ؿͬʱһɹ۵İȻ
ţĻؿڴ
ͣ
Բ۾
߼Ʋԣ׼Ѹˮ
͢ͳ˧Ǹ㣬ô£ôԼ˵


186 
߳ж, ôĿ¸ϱϴ
붼룡
ͽҪǷպôڣ
ԣϴġ
ͷɥԲϣϥϷžн˫, һüĿСϱģ
°ҩǰⲽ, Ѿһߵ߶һʱ䡣
ȻʮߣΪſЦҩ, ͱǿԼ°Ųߡ
Ȼ̲סЦ, ¾ûˡ
ۣ
Ȼ۵ġ
֮࡭Ц
ǿҩʱû뵽ⶫڴôЦ
ȼʱ, ʱæñǴ, һ˭ϳ߸ô죿ô, ΪʲôҪңһ˵
䵽Ҫȼһ, Ͳʶ㡭ֹ
˵ʲôͣ½Ųü
˵, Ͷ壬̬ȼã˵üã
֪𣿡غɵ
֪ˣ֪ˡСһͷ
̬˶Ҳ˵ʲô
˺һ, Ĭɫ߽һ, Ҫװ絭, ȴӿȸԾɫ
һϢҪ㡭
ԣѶƽһԭԭظ
ԭȼʽϲãȷʵϲ, ֻϲԭȴԤĲͬ
Ҳܻȥˡ㲻𣿡˵
ѵΪǰ˵Ǽٵ𣿡سԾ
δ, һѽȦ
㡣ر, 񲻴ʹ˷ֿһҲҪңҲڵġ
Ƭ̺صַļ֣ص
Ҳڵġ

պԼƱֹգӰƽԭΣһĺŽʿΪµ򴨽ڶʹΪ򴨽ڶʹϽµһ֪ӵҪЭλεĽڶʹֺĹϽ
ƺƵĴ;⣬ʮ˵ĽŲôضڲӵأһĺɫߡ
شñվڳ¥ϣῴŴӵеݽԶȥ
ǽ̫ӰһΡ
ҲֵѱڼμСһֱ̫Ӱܹڵϵλ֮󣬼縺δյٹ⡣
˵΢ˣҲ뵣ԼְѪ֮Ϊ㵹Ĺһ
ƱתΪƽݸ⣬ѸٷĿ
ܱҲֻھ֣ˮûӵԭ򳡵غԴޱ֮ģ⼸Ҳ½õá
̫ˣݽɵѾǸСĿỹд޼ҿɹŷ
Ͳںÿ٣һݵĲȨغУسüչʱοǧɢûǮҾȥ񡱡
ȼص⣬Ǹ鷳ΪˣԷﵽǼֽźͷֽţÿ̶æòɿͻؼἤȥӭӣ;ǽԷҲֻͷžز̡
¸ҽУˣ¸ҽС
dιۣdˣdżιۡ
ȵһȲ裬ȵˣȵһ𻨸⡣
Сſ˯С˯ˣС˯ˡ
ÿȥһ죬ؾͶཹһ㡣
ҪԷÿһ̵Ϣ⣬סȱڣֻ̼ܶһ٣ȴľͲǶôˡ
ر뾡취ȵõưãֲΪӴĿ֧Ͽݸ⡣
ҵĵط־ʷԹķ
ԹֻһĿģõģʧĸ߶˲š
ݴǰһңټ֪Ϊ޶ȣʹ˲ŵ㣬˴λӵһ֮뻧ݣò󣬳ȴݷչҪá
ҹټڵĹⶨһ뻧ƶȡ
ʳҩﲻˣÿ˼һܣΪ¾߶ӵʼ
ʵպشŋqͼҶ¥ϣӲ
ǰҳһ״¥İõѾ˴롣
ƾһ֮˳仧ҲɵؽеǼǡԣõٸɺҲݰյݽϽµĸ
վڳ¥ϣοؿ¥ȻĻ档
qȤ˯Ⱦˡ
ء˵ôӿݣҲҲ¡
Ҳܱѽq˵
·иʧ޵ĺӵ̡ǣ˹ļ۸񽵣罫޵Ŀ޵ģô˻ᶼһޡسƬ̣˵»ݹټ˳棬µعٲŻ
⻹򵥣qЦҪ֪µֻ贵߷С
߰ɡûûУЦЦ˵ھƹһ̳þƣü±㡣
³¥һ֪ڳǽ˶õĳǰһҾ
ǰ֮qͼҶٴеؽصqﻹſ죬׼Χ
̧ͷһæס˼к֮ċq
֪ͬؾȵؿǰӡ
ĳͲʲô֪ͬˡ֮ͥԳһЦ
ǡزؿ
һû֮ͥѲǵǸȻĹţϴ÷׵ĳۣһɫţͨѥҲ˲٣¶һĨ㲡
ĳԾΪȡԲҲˡշתһ󣬷ĳѽ˼֮飬ٶȻصݣ˷ݷ˾ȻĹˡ
֮ͥĳ֪أڴ˿˸һĹµĻᣬ֪˿ɷ˲С˹ԭ·ĳĹ
ǳԾǳĬ
κ˵õǸݰգҡ㵱ΪŰܺЩ޹ˡ
˵öԣĳʳŻȴûо֮ҡĳǰϣΪ;ȻŹǷĳΪˣĳ
֮ͥȻ£ؿ˼ͷ
ʲôػŵ
ݷѣݾ㰧˵йأĳԾλ࣡ĳʮ꣬Թȥһ棬÷ĳлὫ
֮ͥ˵꣬һ˼¡
ۼĶͷʼѪæǰ˷
𡪡
֮ͥеʵѧԸʵµĹܰŷΪƾ˵Ǹ棬ߵˣֻˣ̤̤ʵʵظ¾¡
֮ͥڷΪߵʱΪŰİףΪڵã˵ܳΪһ
˷֮ͥЩŻȴʵµĹҲ滻ˡ
ذ¾ϲ飬ΪѵؾƬ̲ɿڣӦͿͨ½ɷ֮ͥ
֮ͥϲһγҾ
ź÷֮ͥؼҴҵػؼϢȻû·Ϲþƺ㡣
ھ˾Ʋ˺Ųܺ˱˵ĵȥǼֻռ
ǼԶŶӡ
ȻƾźĽ飬ԲŶӣǴñʵ˶
ȵֵʱҿñһǣƤЦˡ
ֻк
û뵽ռص󣬋qﾪˣôֻռ
ΪװһֻرռĺҶȻֻռټһҶռһ
СǵġؿЦá
ôռô±㣬ǰҪչ˾⣬Ҳ˲١
Ȼˡ
ϳԶٱ㷹ɣص
˵ֵܱز٣ξг˴Ҳóϯڸչķһ֡໮ľյؾ˵ͨʿȻû취ˣǽͼһֻȻõġ
ϸϸţԽԽģ޲ͷɵϡ
ͣſںɿǣֵܵƥԺ
ȸԾȹһ·첽߽š
ͣ
ԺڣĹֳĩĽǵع֦ͷ
һ΢Ʈ䡣
޵ĹɢڿС


187 
, ҩˡ
Ůҩ߽ߣݲ԰׵ķϱŮŴӴ
ſն˫ۣŽӹŮݵеҩ롣
ɫˮڽ΢΢, Ļķҷҩ֭Ʈ, ɢųڡ
Ϻһҩ, ѿմ뻹Ů, ˵ôƽõǸ룿
ôϵ÷῿ȥЦǹ쿪ʤ󣬱ʹ͵Ĵ롣δưʮѾ, ڳ޲𶯣ԭڦү͹Ϊʷ̨Ҳ˵, ǿüһأ
ˣ΢΢ü
ǰվͻˣū澵ķ˲ˣû, ūҲû˵꿴ŷϵɫ, ̽˵, ӻʱͲ, Ϊ¹˲Ȼû밲ÿղʹ״
˵, ûгԴ, 
ū˵Ǳ¼ɵ, ƹҩŻˡ
Ͽ, ˫, û˵
Թɫ, ٶԣҴ˱ǣȻŵ߳˷䣬顣
÷ӣʶģոһյجΡ
Уưô꣬Ѫζߡ
ں֣Ѿ˼ǵõĹ
ֻ֮۽ۡʹ˫ۣΧԼĻֲָĺڰ
⻩ϣ鵯һܡ
ϴӴ𣬲۽ǵ飬ûкŮԼýŲȵЬŴϺһ·߳š
ʪ󣬼΢ף޳ˣΨʣ಻
ϷǽڣԥΣһԺ֮Ժ
Ϊ˳סԼȻֱ߽ԺҲû˳ס
ôżǰվã̧ſҡ
ߣűӵȺ̽ȥ
һĴ£гΡ
Уһ忡꣬ʱݣİˣ
һҹѾȥˣ
Өˮ˫лεʹѹڷͷëһһι̵ˮۿڸ۽ǡ
Ȼס֡
ĸס
γѣʲôѪɫȻʧȥ͵˸֡
ĸסӴֳȭŵ˼ĸôˣ
Ŵ󲡳ƣ÷תߵĽŲͣ
ӲТδĸ밲ĸס
OO@@´ѹֵȡ
תޱŴϵˣ˵㲡·ԺȻˣұˣ㲻
ת⣬û˫ϥײصٿȻͣ½Ų
ĸסĸ׺ʱſԭң˵
ϲ߬е˫֡
أĸ֮ǣ֪ӦлȻ֮겻ұĩãлﷴĸվϷ˼⡣
ڵϣѩ״չ
ʹ˫ۣɳƿƵھ׵ڡ
ǡѣҰ뽫һʼûÿξҾͻںΪĲԼΪҩʱҲ̲ס룬һƾͺˡ
ϵʮָģҲ̲ס΢΢
ۣǿ̵ˮͻۣҲֻ޾ĺڰ
ʮ̥أᣬܹĸһЦϧ
ҲͲסתһŭȣ
֪գֺαص
ӿŲ԰ݵϡ
ĸס֪ˡ
Ƶгһ˿
һֻĴ֣̽ϵ֡߸һ϶еˣȻ֮䣬ƻص˶ǰһҹ
Ǽֳӯ˰˵Ѫζ
ң˦˸֡
䴹䣬ƾеһƬѩص档
ĸסβԭңҪȥʱԲĸǰһȻĸסӾҪʲôĸײſԭңѵʮ໳̥Źһ⻻׹⣬ľͱȲһѪԵϵİ𣿡
һ仰̼˷صʹոĶҡһ̱ŭɣʧӰ١
İˡѹԼŭͲ԰׵ǿѹķŭҰзһ˿ɫҵˣûͻȥˣ
ĸףˡ̧ۣƽҲˡ
һ˿塪ҵʮ»̥ò촽ҲʧȥѪɫͲɱ
Ĵꡣ
硣
ںڵҹɫ
е
һеһжڷǰˡ
꣬ȥˡȻĿ
ôΪĸס
Ļһݣѹ˷˫磬ڱ̱ڵء
ɫƽضʹʧķ˵
Ƕӣĸ׵ĳ¾Ҫ֪ˡ
˵ˣ֪ҡͷ۰߲ıӦ߹ûʵĻ
Ѿȥˡ˵ĸףҪΪһūǵĸˡ
֣ϣش򿪡
㲻ٶֻǳĬؿֱɣþͽ͵ſն˫۵ڵϣһеĵ档
ˡ
һһŮæҡ
ĸˣطɡ
Ůæǰϣˣūȥɡ
ܾŮĲԼϥǣվ
ϺȻץסŮ֣˫ζڵϣ޵ߴ˫ʧȥʵ׼ȷعᴩ˸ؿڡ
ޱس޵Ŀ⣬һվԭء
֪ΣϺȻ˵
ϵδɣȴ¶ҶԳЦݡ
ƽҲŲʣһΨŻԺгһη֪ΣЦοұʹãҸ±֪
ֲ仰ŮҰ׵ع޲õԼĶ䡣
㡭̰ͼٻ̰ͼ˵̺뻳ĺ±֪ҲµһӣɱɱΨһĴ֮ˡȴڿΪҺá
źһЦŶԽ촽ĸ
Զԭ㡭Һ㣬ҲԼµģΪʲô㡭
ײײ߳ң²綶ɸҶŮ
㿴ĵıӰջۣĮȻڵŮϡ
ŮؿڣƴͷģūʲôҲû
ԽԽˡ
Ĺ𻨱顣
ֻʣ³ʪԴζ
Ŀ
ûлطðĻĵС·һѷĶ
ƿʧ޵ľţĳͽһᣬһĴ
ϵʱľƼҾ϶˷ϵѪ
ָľͷҾߵĵ̸ԻȻħƵĵʲô
갴еĿɬæӴľ
ſңҡš
ˣҲģɣˣҲģſǻ
ģģһʲôطҵһһҪҵС
ꡣ
ʮָ϶ѪʵľͷڸĴľ۾ȴڴʱֺ
ˡ̲סˡ
ֻǴظţһʲôط
ԼҪ뿪Һ¿ʼ
Ѿƻδÿһ
˷ܵÿնһľͷȥΪϿ˺ۡ˵ҪԼһϲ˵ҪԼÿһ춼ģ˵δԼܵõС㴹࣬ÿһ죬Ҹöһ㡣
ûиԼÿҲҸͬһ㡣
ǷҵļӣһֺǴ۾˫ȶŷСתͷ࣬ǲԼԼִ°ԼĴɵӡ
ⱲˣҲⱲΨһϧˡ
ʲôûˡ
һУѲΪ˱ȵĮ顣һֻΪһ
֮䣬͵ûӰˡ
ɱģѪӣҲǺѪӡ
ϻбҵ
б˿ܵġϢ˵ҲǱסڱǣա£ǧաһʹ
ʣĸܡ
ڰǵһҹУܻں޵尾


188 
, ̽ؽĿ𣿡
վڴͷɫؿԵλˮרҡ
ͷ׵ĹһۣӶԷпͬΪѡ
κ, ԴĹˣ
ߵ, ˮ״µʮ˿ߵ̵ͼ
ҡҡͷ߽̽, ͼɢ
Ϲ̾˿
ߵ̵ͼ, ໹ðȻһԡ
ѵûİ취𣿡ü, ۼ꼾Ҫ̽ǲؽڵݱضٴ֡ǵͲ, һ취ֻÿеķ
ĻϹһԥ, ˵˾̽Ϊ, ĶСߵΣ
ֻһ, ˮϵ顣һΪȨˮרңÿ, Ҿ͸֡
ǡһ, ѿ²С
ǻٶǮҲޡ꼾٣ֻͿ̿Ǯ㲻ص, Ҫ꼾֮ǰ̵顣ǻȥ, ϼƺϼ, ٰѴµԤ㱨򴨸ǲܽ, ǽ
ǹ, լʺ񡪡ϹķڷҾֵ, ݰлˣ
ľ¼򴨾ʿʵؿ죬йԱҴһ򴨽ڶȸ
ؽ̽ߺʾ޴ҲͬСɡ˵ɣʲôӣ
ǡ͵Ļʱ
һ򴨾µľɵĹһɫأµ˭Ը
κϻ˵
ŭ򴨾ÿ껨ôǮϣѵ԰׷˵ÿ˶˵һ취˵ģְ죡
һɧɫ죬ȴ︹ʲôֱӵгĩһˣ˵
ң˵ңһ㶡
Ȼ㣡ŭ
˽Ͱ˵˺ü仰ǳ¸ûʵʼֵķӣֱӳһˡ
ĩͷ½˱Ѽϼܡ
ֵһطԱʱԥƬ̣˵Ҳɽݵķӡ
ʣʲôӣ
طҾֵ¹˵֪˵Ľ£Թķ𲽽ԸɳǽٵʩһõúͽӼãԸ仧ģֱӽ񹤡ѣʧʤҲɽַＯ޵̵
棬׷ʵɴأ
طٳƬ̺˵һνڶʹµĽһʣµģ˿дȥϽڸݸ
ôУһݹɫ䣬
ôУطٲŲҵط̽޲ãÿ궼ҪֺݽΪ˺紲ΪݾܲӰ죿
֪ҪڣͷشĻ˷ԣи÷
⡭֪һΪѡ
ȻˣǾͶô˵ģ
֪˸ӲӣֻܲسĬˡ
˼״֪ε򴨽ڶʹǸӲԵҲʶȤ˷
ʱĻһ򴨽ڶʹӡµר˿ӱȥϽµĸݳǡ
ڱݹټĻŪϷĶԲʱݵľֹոոһ䣬ץ֮׵ʱ⣬ʫ
õԺУţ·μм䣬á
ʲôи˵ͲղײգҿǸʫĺӡҪǼǲסˣҿһҪȱֽˣ³ͷҪǻҪֲܶʣԱ߰ҵʫ
𣡡شʧɫ
͸ˣʫܳӵʫΪʲôУأǲǿӣ
ʲôʱ򡪡ذддˡ
ŷſĽ
ؿɥ
ϵĸעڲ
ǰ£һͰ칫µǽ壬һ߱ԹҪպãôһһԺҲô죿
ʹ÷ɿ죺û˰Ͳᶪ
ҲҪõģҲ鷿ҵĸʣΪʲôҪҵӣ
ͷڷϣ˫ֱαɵؿùأһЦ̹Ȼ
ϲ
һ죬ͷϵķֽ촽⶯ȴûбԹ
Ͱ°ͳαϣĿתؿ棬̵룺Ůˣôôá
ƢʱɰƢܿɰɵʱɰɵʱɰƢҲɵʱ򣬷ǳǳɰ
о仰ô˵ģ»ˣ¶ˣÿտȻ±ˡ
ɱĹ
ôûһ
͵˼ԽƮԽԶʱغȻסһ
ⲻε򴨽ڶʹ𣿡ؿżϵӡƮǼ±ζ˼ڶʹдţ㵱ֽˣ
˭дƨܴϿǮĻûͿأʱ˻棬ܴϿǮ˻ûء
չż㣬ɫصؿϵݡ
ŵݺ˵ߵֺ̳ãԸ⣬ȥǸĻյĺù٣Ҳһɡ
˵⻹ж٣˭ӽӻأ
Ǯȷ࣬ǶؾϸΪٵĶ׼ġ
ˮ֮飬ĳ̶Ȳأݱˮû˴أ궬ܵҲȻǡ
ܵǮŶõġ
̽ɣˮͻ굽Զµ֡
Ҫ֣Ľ취ֻ̽ߡ
س˼Ƭ̣¶ĵ½ҡ
˵ֱ̧һ
㶢ʲô
ķԱҪһܸɣҲôࡣ
˵¶⣬Կ޵
ӿеŮˡ
رֱֱŪɫ죬ߴŭһۣͷٺٵЦˡ
Цʲôʡ
Ϳġ˵
ɫˣҲƵصͷ
żʫ¡ʰûʫҲ˳ˮ۵ؽ
ʫѳųﱸǮˡ
ûжǮûУĶˣҪＯӻôⲿ֡
԰ݷסصĴ֮һĳ¼ңϣܹýǮȻǿ̽ǻݼķĺ£Ӵĳ·ҲΪ
ڳ¼һʱȻһ񡣳·˵ˮ©ܵȲͻྡʲôУһ·˾ͻתƻ⡣
ʧ뿪˳¼ҡ
ݸԣĲֹһ¼ңһ߸Լһ߻صǰһĿĵء
ǣȴȴһŸ
ŴǷ·ͬʱõСϢԼͬѡһ桢Ρ̽סѡ֮ǲڡ
زɽǰ˺ڣҪ˵ȴôУ


189 
һ², صڶ̤˶¿ŵĵ̡
̤̣ҳӪҵЦһ˿ȡ
֮ǰεģ
شһ˿ȣС, 䵱Ķ, 㶼ȥʲôطˣ
˶٣˵֪˵ķ, СҲͷ˴ۡ䵽̵Ķ, ඼·Ķ, жͽӼ͵ĴұҲС͵ӱĶǿҲǻطߵ̵;Է, ʵûش, ҵĶתָϵرˡ
Ͽҵеǹ, еǺ, ˿ⶫ·ʲô
õĶܲ˭Ķ𣿡ʡ
֮⡣
ģһеҪְҵµ, Ҫ, ǾԶǲԭڹֱȥָĳҲСٺЦ, ¶Ժɫ, Ҳ˵, Ҹ˵ҲûбҶʶ̾ˡ
ԥԥċqǰ, óһ񲼰İڹ̨ϡ
һ, Ķ۶ֱˡ
ǡҪ, ȴͷΪó񲼰Ķ
½մͷϵͶξڳ
Ǻе⺺ͬһĹͳɫҲ֪⼸Լֵơ
㿴Щܵ٣ʡ
⡭ǺöһеضųƷֵڵƹϸۿıʯƬ̺׷ʵǻ
أ۸ߣأ۸ܵ͡
Ѿ̼Σйġ
ųвᣬһ뵽Լ¶Զ빬͢¹ǧյߵ֮£ҧҧ˵

УĻǹĽϣҸ
ؿȳֻ֣˵ʮƽ𣿡
ƽ𣿡㱻ԼĿˮǺ˭һھǻƽ㵱Ǵϵ𣿡
ȷʵʨӴ󿪿ˣŵö˶ˡ
ǮȻ׬
֪ˣ͸öະˡ
һ߰ûڣһʧʣѵʮ𣿡
ʲôʮһӣڵĺ˵
һˣ㡭Ҹȥ
ؾԼĳ񲼾Ҫߣոջ˵ſڹȥϲĶͼæס˰ٴνм۵򣡡
򣡡
壡
򣡡
ˣ
ִŵ򣡡
ˣǵ̣Ƶģ㲻ɶپҶٰп򣡲ٶˣ
ؿı飬ȷʵˣźشӦ˶ļ۸
޵̶ֻǱˮн
ûʲôӣܹٸǮأ
ؽʾ֭Ҳ벻ӣһص̾Ϣ
ƤϸϸĶ̧һ䣺ڳʲô
룬Ǯ̫ˡ
Ծ
ذѴǮ̽ߵ˵˳һڴؿŶʶ㣬֪ʲôǮķ𣿡
ǮķӣȻǮ˰Ǯ㡣˵
һΪѣǡݵĸ̶ԸǮɵߡ
¶óġ˵֪һˣóľĸԸǮ
˭׷ʡ
ûֱӻش𣬶Ƿʵ֪ܵܵԴʲô𣿡
һ㶡
СĹٻ֮ң֮Ʒײţĸױʹĸ游Ҳ֮ȥҳ䣬еĵҲҽҩþȵһֻʣܶʱֻʣһƨɵˡ
ĵܵͷҵֺУԺζģһͲǸǮҵȥֻѩմߣҲû˵ʲôÿȴ˿׾֮ɫ
ǴͷشǨ㣬Ҳ˹
شǰû⣬ںȻԾǿʲôҺڵģ
Ҳ֪ܸ𣿡̵
ñ׿ڸɡ˵˵ܵʲôҲһ
Ʊ̣߳qʣ˽ǻظȥĶ
ȥҡ¶ģ˵
Ҫȥqﾪȵ
Ҳûиõİ취ȥ˵ɡ
ǡqԥǹ˵ĺ꾫ȥ᲻ᱻ˵л
˵˵˭˵ֻ
ߵɩ˵ġqӵǰи˵Ȣ޵Ȣˡӵڶֵ˾֪ź˵ר˵ĺ꾫أ
Ǻε̲סӾƺʧԣ˼ǨΪʲôǴȴŮӣ
q룬ص˵ͷ˵öԣ˵׷ĶЩҹӣһ»أǽ˼ǨַǴȴֻŮӣǺû
ڋq޷޲ƽеִĿĵء
ȶ͵ؿǰŵСԺ
ɫֲԺǽһ·Ժţ´ˮɫС޵ƮɢڷУһµСƵҡҷ
ذ¾֮飬qǰ顣
q֮öûӦţظΪԼҪ޹ˣľźȻ
Ůû
ɵؿ֮ˣ
˭
ؽñİɴЦЦȥ𣿡
ҽ㣿軻˱飬һֺõأأ
ÿͨתһɤӣ㣡֪ˣ
תֶЦ˼¡⼸иŮ˹ɧǣҽ㱻ͷۣҹû˯ˣҲء
ҪǲĻһ˵
㷽㣡˵ȽҸ㵹ȥ
ر谲ݣæҵһȻˮ²ϸݵҲԽ⣬Ĳ裬ļƷݴ
Ĵ黭ΣƷҾǷơ
豾˴·ҲոµĽ£ϵнҲ񣬿ȥ;ǳӵ
ܲ£ôάģ
ûȶãһˮɫӰת˽
ŮӶԣжҪѲضԡһѹʫӽѾ֦ͷŢؼ֮ǰЩģȻֺ֪ǲҪЩĵŮӡ
ױȻȴֲʧ£װ͵ȴִ͸©ССĻĽŲҲȻȻġУؿκ粨㲡
Ů밲
ߵǰȹҪݡ
æǰһ˷
д˴񣬲Ҫȴܳչ̬ȡ
ǰ˳شͷ­֪ݰ٣ʧԶӭ֡
غ˵˼׻󣬱ٴ뵽輸¡
˵⼸ϢòãҪǴ㣬ҿЩʱĵ
šЦЦһ滨⼸ΨһŰݷõĿˣмôأ
غһͣطϡ˵ʵ졣ԷǾֱӿżɽˣɶֻܸλϣԥŲ֪οڡ
ƺΪѣ
˵ݷ˳¼ң
ô֪ؾ
˻û߳¼ң¾ͱ·ɳ˴ϵĸЦڵٸٵľϣǶһǿ׳
ؽ̽߷ǶҲ飬ΪʲôǲԸأε
и߸ĶšΪǵ뷨ֻǲͳһͭġ
ҪβǾ׷ʵ
ȴֻǺЦ
ҪܣȰι
ػع˵˳ＯߵʽҶ֪͡
Ҫ͡
Ҫʲô
˵ҪͶݷ¡


190 
Ͷݷ£
ʶظһ, ʶеġݷˡˡ
ȵȷͶݷ£֪£
ȻʶǳŪԼҪͶЧˡЦ
ǡΪʲô
ľ, ϣͶ, ȻΪֵá˵˿»֪ʵȨŮ, Ψзһ˶ѡ
زס
ǰĻ֮£ȨŮӦΪ¸صı̫󣬱̫֮, ΪĸµĽݻʺĽݻʺ֮, ΪʳԽ, ֮£ΪȨ֮ޡ
󣬻㸲̫ĽݻʺԽڹʮڶʹ, ޷Ȩ֮£ǧݹٷˣΨһݷܹ˶٣¶һĨʧ̵Ц, /µһ, Ҳֻݵ´ŮΪ
ΪŮ, ȴںլһҡҡңֻ, ֻҡ
, ߵǰ, ԥȹ¡
ҵ־, ﲻ¾ﲻǧǧŮӲţݷһܶ
ұжҪ㣬ΪʲôҪڼ廨Լ˽Ⱥ֮У
Ļһشǿҵ𶯡
ðζ˵ֻؿŹǰ
ж㣬ΪʲôҪڼ廨ЩԶԼֵȴ鷿̵ܴ
Ϊʲô
ǰû˸Ϊʲô˶˵ˣǴӹĵûΪʲôŮˣŮ͸ϴŮ͸ڷ
׵һ
ȸһ
Ӥһ
Ƕ˵ûˣŮ޷档˸Ů˳ԣŮ˴һУȻˣŮūһΧ˴ת쾭¡
ʱϣǾ壬֪ô
ǣǽŮȦǽŮŮ˻ɴӤ
ŮӲɿƾ٣ŮӲɾ̣ŮӲͷ¶棬Ůӱ˳ǫȡ䲻¶ʤӵĴǡ
һΥӶµķ򣬾ͻΪе࣬⵽ͬ
Ŭӭϣδġ
ʼл֮ȥʣܵ͸еʹࡣ
ԣΪʲôȴ˵ԣ
˵öԣ־
׷ͬһֶֽܹչɡ
ֻ¶ʱͣŴ磬ţĿѰ˵Ŀܡ
ҡ
ſڣڴĿ£ɫԽԽᶨ
Ҷ
ɫٿȻһᣬɷ
شԷǰŮӣһ޿๵ĳ
ȻŮƶѷ꣬ҲΪʽĹһΧ֮ڣṩһĴ֮Ըгһգܿ庣̡ϵؿ˫Ըһ֮𣿡
ʮָס˫ۣһһٵ
ԸЧȮ֮͡
º̵ոյ˵ƺзӽݸǽ
ûзӡĻشһ˭ݸҪĶ˭а취ݸΨǴӡˣǷˣҡ
ݸҪĶɻˡ
һʾ˲ú룬һ壬֪ʲôݸҪĶ
ͣҲ˵ӵеģӵеġ
һඥ
ѿڶ
¶͵Ŀ⣺ǡݾڵĿɽȨޣҲͨûֶͬ̽ס
㵽ֹʣµͷԷ籩
Ҫ̸ͬнףһ˽̸ڹϵҲϧݺ˳档пкѡ
صԺֳ֮ͥס
Сؿ϶صͷ
Ȼˣ֮ˮˡ
л㲦ˣʵ
Ц˱ѩûңҲ뵽һ㡣ҲǸ˸ɣǡڷ˻Ȼٿǰ˵ˡ
е⣬࣬ʺȻӿͷ
ݺ󣬶ʲôΪ
˾ʲôΪЦŷʵ
ʵ˵дţ
Цˡ
ЦʲôزˣѵǸŮͯɣ
ƣ˼ɾֲѡ㡣
͵ֺȻ֣һ£ȴû˼ʱ䣬˵
˲µѾܽӽˡ䲻ԴдΪȴԳ۾Ϊ
۾Щ⣬кܶ𣿡
ҲУо͹ˡЦ
¶⣬һ͵
ݸʷƾãоļʤЩУôһɫḡ֮ˣΪ˼üһ棬һ㲻ʲô߼չ鼮Ҳ㲻ʲôҪõġȢһ֪־ȤͶּ׵ĹٻŮΪ檣Ǹģʵ΢
ɫƽĵʧֻһܵܣҸĸΪһƤңܹҵóԸǷòܣ
æ㲻͵ԳΪôòأ
¶һĨЦ⡣
áһֱΪǻܳΪ˳̵ֶΣΪʲôòͲУǻۺòǲɶõĲܣֻҪܴĿģʲôֶΡֻҪ캦кη
ΪȻ
Ҳûиоʱţɲ֪ɫͰ
ִ̽ӣЦ˿Ҫһ÷㣬㣬ӣȥþƺòˡ
̧ƤһۣԼ

ƲƲǣӣֹʲô߿ˡ
Ҫ֣ⲻĵܵȻżҲóʧ֮˿ϣൣ
æЦӦˡ
÷ؼǹżеһѼһdһȸԸǡһ·Ժţڋq
ʻ̽򣬻˸
ֱ󣬶صߡ
¶ЦݣЦų˻֣һ
һ㶣ȻɸЦ
㣬ִġȥһɫӵ
عԼҲ֡
˫ַǰһɨԵ裬ԼԼ˸촽Ķתˡ
ٴοȥķЦɫԽ
缸ŮִȨֺαؽʾ֭ƤϣϣͨˣմȾеȨأ
꾫ҪҶ꾫ɦŪˣ˱˵๫
ջߣƽؿų·ڣָŭŮˡ
ӡԸɻ죬Ϊ㣬ýƼѡӱнɷȴҪٰüŮӡ
֪ɱ
ίȫ̾
Ϊɺޡ
˫ϥزӣ߾ٰͷ˫üū֮ˣȴΪ޻
ֻҪһ뵽гһԼò¶ǰ̬һҲͣЪ
뾡취Ϊģֻܻһˡ
һ죬һǰٰüҲֻΪɾ裬лᷴΪͼذ
ˡ˵ÿ˶Ը⸩Ϊ澡
ת߽СԺźĲ


191 
ؽ̽ߵļƻڹ¯ͼֽ, ͣؿʼˣˮʧΪ˻ȡһտߵС
ԭ׽ĹѸټ, ̼Ҽ״ۣݵĶѾʮֹ, ӸԶĵط, ʱ
Ϊ٣ҹ¡
ϢǣԮŷ󣬽½½յ֪Ļ, Ϣ, Ͻ¸֪ڳ˰Ī̬ȡ
ҪǮû, ҪûУŲһд´ĵķֽ
ЩĿǳ֮ˣ
һ, ŭŴڻ㱨֪ŵС
ǧӣڴ򷢽л𣿡ŭ, ǻݼ˵£ôǲ
鷿ڼλСҶԡ
ӾдĻɫصؿˣδزֻǲ˰ˡ򴨽ڶʹվȨĶϣ˳էҪշĲһվܴɵ¡
ҵȵˣǰյȲˣ̽ҲȲˣŭ, 꼾ǰ, ̽һ, ֵѵֻ֮ǰҪǲ, ҾֻӲˡҵȲˣ
ǧ˼Ļűɫ, Ǻ򴨾, ǧҪ, Щ˵ļƣ
ҲҲСߵǮҪĶãһȭڼªľϣһƺĶľ϶ѵ
ˡĻŵսľؿʵľһһʿĻŬ̻ض
ûм𣬶һǰ̱ܵľϡ
ýڶʹ鷿ȴֻһζѡҪǽڶȸ⻪ʵĽڶȸߡ
ˣˡﻹһݵĻţСȻһż
Ǹ˶ӣǧǧ̵
塭塭СͰ͵
ǧ
Сֽ̧ϸżѪɫʮ˵ԸṩʮߣʯھĳѾͬʱˣԼպִݣ
˻棿ĴɫС𸴾Ȳż㡣
ͨβȷСݹȻӦṩʮߣʯףȻ࣬Ҳɽȱһʱ֮ˡ
ѩ̿ˣ
֮࣬ǵһ֮ȼȫԼǮĵطҲ࣬ʮôյģ
鷿
ˮ֮ݶԮϢͨҲ˵ʡ
Ļųɵ򴨾ʱ֪йӴıشݷΪɡ
Ȣ˸пȢˣ򸴺󣿡
ݵټǡ֮ǰµĸ⣬Ӧ֧ŵ̽ؽˡĻ̽˵Ȼˣ˲͹ʱ䡣ţΪ˸ϴ˸ĹڣǶԼҹعڻԹԡ
Ҳؾܾˡ
꼾˵ǻ챧ԹȺӵǣ̽ٶȾ̣ǾԹҲŲˣ˵Щ񲻶ԲҪͷߣ꼾ȻҵĿġ
Ļֹ
˵ˣûתءؽ̽һֻ粻ܳ٣£رңϳͲ


ĴѾ쵽ӵ̣żªΪÿһڷԶòߵĶС
޵ļ๤Ѳߵϵÿ䣬һˣϾͻᰤһޡ
òװʱ򣬼ְԲľʿһǶѵ࣬Ŷȡʳĳͷ
һڶľǰҿĹǺ;ʿѳɽҰɡ
粻ʱڵ
һǰܸо͸ǵĺ⣬һȱ۵룬ԼȻǳŲˡȻ֪˻ϰˣ⼸оˡ
սأȴΪ̼ܺʹ
֪˶ãڵǰ׳ľʿͳҨһ࣬Ŀתؿϡָٸһװɣһиĺӡˡ
ʮҲУÿֻһ࣡ʿɷٶҲҪˣ
үϢŭүϢŭߣߡܲܰҵġ
һҰҽе룬
һ߿һǶԴҺǰ㣬ϵС˸ɸɾ
ûжúԵʳζ
ûεζҲû׵еģֻǱ޵Ŀ
ӻ룬ԶȺѵӪ
ҵһɼľɵ©˽ȥݸһڴӡ
һĶӻУ޺ֻͣ۹СŬץ롣
ˡԵĻˡӲϵ飬Ӻ紵ӲӲһЦݡ
ӶҪߣȻʲôֽ˻๫ȳ԰ɡ
ҳԹˣͺӳԡƿҲ
˵Ҳ֣ȷʵоˡʳǰҲоҺҹ˯ʱҲûշת޷˯޲ץϵļС
һɻһ˿
Ӽ̬ȼǵ˺СѡСһŽȻõߣССڵغ
Ӽ״Խ˺ѷεؿ
ûһᣬӽÿߣǰһСؾ˴ߵˮ⣬ͬǣǳζĶһδɫ
ݸ޺ͣĶӣһ߿ʣһȣȡ
ӺһɵϡԲ㣬ֲͣ
۵ر𻹲µĺӣĺȰţòþƣĶ˯˹ȥ
๫˵˵̧ͷһ๫ľϣ֪ʲôʱ˯ˡ
һ˯ôӿֶûгѡ
˲ͨļ๤һЪ˺ܶ˯ô
ȻʧЦЦֻ֮ʣɬ
СĶ׾ڲѺӵǰ£Լе¸ɷݹ᾵ϡ
;֣Լ֣һŷŽ¡
˯ɣ˯ɡ
ĿעҪӣƤҲʼ£
˯ȥ֮ǰﰲοԼ
ֻҪһ˻һܻõġ
˯գ˯գϣܻᵽġ
һġ

Ҷڻڣҩζɢƫеÿһ䡣
عһֲڵϣ˫ۣ˫ֺʮǰɫϵʲô
ʲôôҲ㣿
ظƫҵأһţüͷڱǣ
յʲô
۳˫Ȼǰ
ƴĲҶͺȥʪԵĹЧǰʱ˲ٴˮӦöѬѬźáȥĲҶû𣿡
һΪǹϵġҿ˿˵춼Ҫˣôƣ
͵Ҳһ֧ţʡһһ㡣˵꣬æҪǿ壬ͽ˵ơ
ˡ
ϥҪӵһѣ뻳С
ü˫֣˫ֽ
ʡ;ˣ̿Ҳʡ
ز˼ЦЦⲻô
ҶҲ̿𣿡ͷʡ
ءæ˵ֲǲ֪ȥ꼢ѵ·ϣҲû㲻õ
ҲģʹĻ֣ŵֻۡ
һû֮ɫǡ
ֻжһľأۼ֤һԭʯ貵ĸпбǣȢһ˫ŮΪ޵Ľ
Ʋ̿ˣʲô˵˵ƫ˴ˡ
֮ǰôãһѣŸо˫ϥʹԡ
ֱߵһ䣬£ҾΪɥʲôЦȻΪҰѷ𾭵¾飬ܻеáɣ
Ȼɣ¶ûɫ
ֲЩ˵ЩǲúܺЦ
Цս˫֡
˫ȻۻסʱѾֲ̫ࡣ
˵ҪӣʵڽԿࡣ
ǰڡ
ʴˣҲһᱻĳĸж
ɿ֣ÿӣعϹȥ
ʲôؾȵ
һ仰˵
Ĳʵʵؿһͷ
ʴۻ棬ϽŮ˵ҪǸҽŮʧͱ
һ֧Ѽëǧ


192 
ŶʮĽ֮һСѩ, Խˡ
ִƺûӰ쵽ݵķ֣˴Ϊ֣ɫҴҵ, źްͷЬĺͯ紵Сͨ죬Ȼʮ׷Ǻ«СڴС
һͷβƼܵøԶ
ͷӵ, ˵㣬иС̯Ʈţ㣬㡣
෱ʳһ, ճһհҵĻ
һṫڿջüͷؿ߹һ·ˡ
ò, ƫϵƷۣһɫѵ壬һǳ֮ҵĹӸ磬ںָչۡ
·ջſ, ͣ³ߺȵɲԼͬĿϣȻߺ, ۶۵ǺƷûлṫӵһĿ⡣
һһʧˡ
ṫɫԽͣڣڵȵˡ
һ˫̥Сһ·Сߣ
ӡ˫̥һ˵, һ˽˵, ˣ
ṫɫһǰ, 첽⡣
.
, 㻹û
С׷˹, һĨɫʹӿæ֣סĶ
һͭĶһ
С¿ϲ飬Ž䣬ϲصȥӴˡ
ṫջ¡
վؿŴӽֽǹճŵԼѣתͷԼСˣӿʲôݲĵط
һģһС뻮һҡͷ
ӷһûκβף
ṫ˿ٶȿԽԽ
ƻ£ҧҧ
ӣߵǸ˵꣬ұߵǸӵˣۣҪиһСĲҪȥ᣿
Ϲ˵ʲôʲô죬õĲ˵˵ģṫܻ˵ˣϽʼҵġ
桱ֻںṫѾһһ·롣
ĿصСˣ岻ܿƵ˳ȥ

Ȼҡ
˫̥СֵرɧҶС
ܸоʲôûߵǸ˵
ʲôأұߵǸһ˼
Ƭ̺ͬһ
˫̥ͣ½ŲؿŶԷվһ㣬˶ס
ǲ˰Ѵ潻ӣ
ͬʱתһβԼͬ
ӡ𣿡

ô£شϋqñæ
޲ߵĳվƥǰ棬һΪѵˡͻȻ˳˵ǵҪǵǮء
ڵϰĽ¹ӺȻͣ£̧ͷŭĹۿүȱǮǵңȥҽݣжǮ𣿣
ʵװȷʵȱǮˡ
ؿˣʮˣȥٱϧڵϴֵȷ˵òᡣ
ÿ궼˲еҲеէһҪڶҲ²˴һغ
زҵ飬æλģȥҽݡ
¹ڵı飬ӺﺬӦһ
ƴҽݾڲԶؽ˷¹ӣһ̲ͣͽҽݡ
һССʹ˶ˣҽԶŶӡ
ƴͷܶƽñֻǶ࿴˼ۣΪļҵСţûнǰ˺ͽƵƵ˵˿еݷϵ
ƴڸ˺أ̧Ƥһֿۣ۱˷Ľ¹ӣĵ
ϡˡͷ֪Ҳ˸Ҷ𣿡
ͷô˵ģһ·ʹĽ¹ըëƴŭĿӵұˣ۵Ҫ
ƴ϶ˣһûҪǰһ
㡭䱾ӣ¹˱ӣ˵Ҫ˵Ȼ˵Ŀˣӹҽʲô˵Ҷˡݻûˣ
УôûСƴ˵λݵһ

ƴڿЦأǾ֮𡣡æҳССĻʳ֮ްˡ
ˣûʲô󰭣ؼȥ˯ƴɿ󣬽ӹ˺ҩͯʪ
ҵҩأɻ
ҩʲôҩٹ¥ƴһ߲֣һûذһۡ
һ죬ںЦӳҽݡ
Ϸǿ׳ҩġƴһһϷ棬ɡ
¹ӿ˿ҵȴĻߣȻʳָָԼ˼ң
㻹˭ƴѩ׳룬ֻ۵ÿˡ
ҡҾҺһЩˣòΪҸ⡣¹˵
УУҪϷҽˣҪϷƣϻˣϽɣ
ƴ档
ؿɫŵĽ¹ӣģƴҽܺõģʲôˣҲܸһۿ
¹Ӳ鲻Ըǰ
ʲôƴ̧Ƥ
㿴Ϳҽʲô¹ӵɴۡ
ϷȻҪˣϡͿһ͢շô죿
˵ҽ߸ĸ𣿡
ƴһ̹ȻϷ˵ġ
¹ֻõ
ƴһգϷҽ꣬޷νһ⡣
ӲŲǽͣһŭɫ
ƴһȥʱ򣬋qһߣĵô찡ˣɵ˰ɣ
ԥŻ󣬲ɵˡ
˵أqϵ˵׼ǿɲеôõѣ
룬˵ȻˣǾͰƴɡ
û֣Ȼصһڴˣһ汻ˣԴȻǮҽΡ
·ڿһȡñȲˡ
ճţΪȥİϲ¸лǰķɡҪǷ󿶿óǮҲܴյʮȥݾȼ
ձƣѣÿҹͷ׹ʶ˯ߣҲ۵ò
ϵƣȴǰδеϵĳʵֻϣһŬᱻֻҪ̽ɣ⼸յ࣬Ҳ㲻ʲôˡ
ʱŷĿѽѿǣܻش
ʲôʱ򲻼ģ
˲𣿡ƴץһѽΣģһëϷ򶼸㿴ʪأܲȳë
ٺ˵˵ӽơ
ʲôƴЦĿǣɹƭҲҪѡõطϷȻ֪ʲôĿģҪݷ˲ϷϹͷһӦ
㡪
־ŭûڷͷ
ոǸݷˣ
Ǹ־ȼݷ𣿣
˵˼ʮȥݣҪؽ̽أ
ȻҪݷ˲ı֮ѵͲǴ𣿡
ʱȺ鼤
Ӳһƽϣ÷ȥָĺָָ㣬۷׷ס
ƴ֣˵¶˵һ¡
˵˶˵Ǯ𣿡ãȻ
ѽ֮¸Ի֪ʲô
˵ͷӦУ첽߳ãڵȥ
źȴͲ
֪һʹ˳ȥˡŵŷ˵
֪ȥĶˣ˳Ծ
֪û˵ŷҡҡͷ
޹ͷɥߡ
һߣбƧСdȵֵվһ
һƬңεһأѾɺԵѪδӹ̨һ·ݵ⣬ƾʧ
ȵ棬һ鰵ɫۼǰƬ̣ɫص̧ͷ
Ѫ
ͽüͷһ˵⡣
ղ꣬Ѫ֪
ϣʲôˣ


193 
һ, ʤ߼
ĵķɽ͵ϲſں˫ֺʮ
ݷ൱һƬεķˡʵڲؿҲֻܼ֮°ˡ
ɹˡǫ, ַһ֮, ЭĽ
̾˿, ĵ
һǰȵ۱죬ݰ嵴, , ˼ʧУ֮ʮһεĴ, ǺòͦģΪܹůȴ̮̽ΪŮ, ȴǹ֮ģ֮šиӵз֮, Ҳǧٿ׵ģ
ӷʱ䲻, Щسǰɡ΢΢ͷ, , ϲµĴԶ˳
Ҳæһ񣬿ŷת߻, ߵļСɳҲһ, ʦĲС뿪ˡ
鸴ӵ, ڋqȺ
ų⻺˵⾰, ˼ŷǰǷ
ݰ嵴, Ϳ̿ʱ°ղӭҵһ죿
һǣؾ˳
£͵һΡ
ʶĸоǰһΡ
ز˼ƿȴ˫̥ڳǰ
˫̥½յ˫ۣŻһξ˿
˭ҵĺӣ֪Լ˭𣿡
ҵͯߵǸ˵ұߵǸϣǹλȥ¥Ҫ̡
ң
˾ʲô
عϳԋqＸ䡣q˵ͷ߳ź󣬶˫̥Ƿÿææ⣬˵ܼģСͯȥҹȥӣҪ̣ʱԼصʱҲ١
ҪޣСͯһȥסеޡ
ˣͬһ󣬡ӷԸ飬Ҫ겻ɣǾûˡ
ӻǵƤߵǸ˵
ӻǵĹǡұߵǸ˵
һģһٺ˵
ҪǵĹǻׯڣ
qʧɫһʱò⡣
شŴεؿѻƪСͯλҪǵĹǰǵƤûһ˿־壿
Ǹѧˣѧ˵ĵɡһѻƪӣʮͯҲ˵Ѳݸ
Ҳա˵ҹһʳ;
Сͯӣ
ȥ
߹ӣ
һ˰˵ֵ꣬תˡ
qصᣬĵؿأҪȥʳ;Ӽˣ
ȻᡣҲ쵽ʱˣظɡ
ѧˣѼѧѼ
ѲǸճʱǸƭˡ
ǣqﷴӦ˴

˫̥ȥľ¥¥ʱѾһþƺòˣֻ˵̸Ц
Сͯص˼ԭԭشɫʧܿʹȥ
¥ʱϲ˵Сڶ
ˣ㻹û
ˣԼȥųţû
СŰ߽µż䣬Ŀɿڴؿһһδʳ
ֲԵĿöˣȴδ˲ԣһƳγνӵĿˡ
һԺߵǰǶӷŵҧҧ
ġ
۳˷Ǯ֮⶧Ӿˣ
һӰҲһҺóԺúȼ꣡
СϲͬʱҴҸϵһ˵ʳ;ӡ
ʳ;ӾһӵʳĲӬСݣȱµ۹ΪٽͷԷҲ˷
һűӣĲԸرıδ󺺼м䣬һ︹صƷζ
úõĽ¥ȥƫҪʲôʳ;ӣƺһ㱡ͣ޲˱ߣн
ֳòеʳ;һֱһʱڷӦԼˡ
ܻؿջϴ˺üˮ裬ϴǹɺĺζ
ӣô죿˫̥ͯ˵Ҫ𣿡
ҾԡͰĴһˮ棬òлø׶ҹĿ࿴Ҿôػȥȱ
֪ʡ͵ĵƣСİԼ˫̥˵ʱǾֻܻȥүˡ
ѵʡ͵ĵƣ۾һɣֱ׳ûбȱӸ͵ĵƣ
˫̥һ·ԼҹӴִŵĻѣΪȻ
˫̥һֻֽһеһ֣һ˵ȡһɰ
ӣҪʡŵ㻨ˡ˫̥˵ҪûǮˡ
ûǮȥ֧Ǯͷٲã˶Ҳܻһ㡣
˫ֹ̥ǻ㣬ֲֵǮ
һָֻɿָȻȴȻһ
УԳҧҧȻģҾֻӲˣ
˼˫̥뵽ʲôһֵᱻүȵģҲҪչ˲мˣ

һˮȥСͯ˹ȥ
õĲ˵˵ģҪɲóõűԳ𣿣
˫̥࿴һۣΪȻͷ
ͬһʱϵ֪˶ʧٵϢ
ôʧأ𾪵ʲôʱ£
ַ˵Ѿûˡһ࣬ﻹ˴򶷵ĺۼ
ܾԥƬ̻ȥѪ⡣
һѪˡ
Ͽẉ̂ȴҲûУֻҪǮĻƣʲôҸɣʲôںڰãЩ֪˶ˣʱѰҲ֡
ֻôҲû뵽£ϴϰ֮
˹ĽϣѽѲѰټɳȵͷ£ϣĽǰЩʲô
ȻˣҲþǶһϢ˵ʲôɫǵ
ˡ˵ˣʡ
ɣһˡؽշԼ˵ɫŹֵҿöͼֵǧôҲ䵽ɶթĵز֮ǰδֹǽղǵˡ
֮ǰ𣿡ʡ
ûСҡҡͷˣһҾͲ
ͳƬ̺˵㲻صˣһ˵ĵϸ
ظҪ˵һС˼ææسԣվﺰүˣˡҲǲˣǺõİɡ
Ϳ˵ʲôأü
иԳˣǸ⣬˵
С˻δ;վ
Ӳ鷳㻹
ʹߣ嶯£æȥ
һ·ſڣĿĽ¹Ӿʹ󷽷վſڣ͸Ҫʣһã¶ľ䡣
Ӳӵ⣬ֹס͵Ļͷ
һƽľһ
һؿĿͣ񣬺˵ûɣ
ȷʵû
ôǮķѼӡ


194 
һӰݷõÿĴš
չ˰˲ƸΪϱ, ׼һʢϯԲĿɨϵĿ㡢±㡢㡢㡭ƫеΨһһ峴ϺףЦɿ
һ˵ʮְԵĲ, ľֻһϺף
, ֱ, ΨһһزˡҲϺס
﹫ӣ, 㰮Եģʮ
ǿջЦԼ۾ˮѼʨͷ, Ĵأ
ô㣿ֹ
˷, ֱ׳, ʹ˵, ǿϲĲˣ﹫ӣ˵ǲǣ
͵ָΨһزˣҲյ֮ΨһĲʽ
ǡ
£òͷ
ǿЦŵ˵ͷԣϲġ
ɣתͷأʹ﹫, ϯȷǰ﹫ӵϲ׼ģ
ԼĶ䡪ô˺޳֮ˣ
򲻽࿴һû뵽, ϻ֮ˡ
, ﹫ӾͲҪҿٸˣٷԸ͸Ƥ˵
˲˲鷳ˡһ־ʹ
鷳﹫ӼȻһỹըСʳغĵ

תͷԸŮ, ͶžƱˣ, ﹫, Ⱦһ
ϡͿͺһ
ƱĲʲôƣ۵վƣһȥķι
վټŭ⣬ﶼˣ
ƽţѵ𣿲óԵľˣҲ˵д
ŶЦЦýЦһЦһͭ壿
ЦǮȴƫƫл𷢲ʵɺޣ
þƣþƣȻ˾͸úҾƣˬ˻һȻתͷ˶úͨͨ﹫ӣ˵ǲǣ
ǡͷ
˲Ʋ磬ˣӦ׼׼
Ҫû죬硪
û˵꣬;žƱĻȻĳһ򣬵ƽ˽ѣҺ﹫һ硭硭Ťͷء
ʡ
һʣʹһҪ飬Ȼǿҡ﹫ӣ㿴𣿡
ģҪ˵䳡滰Ūͼ;žƱֱֻۣ
֪˿ĳѡϵ
Ȼˡ;˾еľƱһƣǳ﹫ӣ֮ж٣Ϳˡ
ζ˵꣬Ʊһ
ؿͺȾƣ֪վƶ˵ֻҺ͵ùˣž֪ǰûкȹӾơ
﹫ӣѼӸϼܣԥԥؾǰľƱüüͷ壬һ
վƱһ뿪촽˺ѷεؿ
ظһԵŮæı˳ͼһĺ󱳡
ʹЦã﹫ӹȻˬ죡˵ɣʲôˣʲôģ
Щһϣѵسֱ壬ɫͨ˺̼֣ġ˴ǧݣΪ֪ǣŴߣһ˸ʶ³֮һ͡
ʲôôҪ
µһӣĲ֪¸㡣
˵꣬ٿȻһ
װӿǰϺףеĳȴ鲻Խսˡ
Ŷ
еĳ͵ͱǰ㣬ѳóɲӣ
Ũ֭յúͨͨƤϵһһɫ
ʲô˵
ʵˣûʲôõóֵģãͶ˸̥ȱʲôûȱǮ
ˡ˵
ˣҲ˵
Ǯȱȱۡ
Ⱥ۲УյѾˣ̼ǮҪûпɽȻֻǱ˰ϵ⡣ɤӣ˵ҿ֮£µһõĿɽӧңӣƷи߽࣬òã뽫䡪
ͲͷδĹĴ˵˻
뱧ϵĴȡ˵֪Ϊ³֮ϻƽ͡
.
ΪʲôңͺȻ
ŲæûжǺ󣬱º͸һײβҲ֪˭áڶʹҼţݹٵһԣƽԭҵһݡ
شû©
ӡһСĿôǮʡ
֪ģ׸ֲҼңǰһϯ֮ء
Ȼˣؿڵǰôû˵ϵ
ºȥҲǼң˵̣ǰң׼ű£¢ϳóףҲҵĻ֮һ
ѵªŵĹϵ۹﹬⣬ûϵ
ϵļѵûϵ˵ĶġģҲòһ񡣡
͸Լһͷһ
Ƭ̺ڵû취ľ
ֻҪ֪㣬ƽģԻ취˵㡣
ϴȣһ˼ʡ
Ȼ²һ˵˼
С˵պţҰһλ桪ס˵õĽӡ
سԾؿһۡ
治ɫɫ磬ͺպܱһһ
еģضɣѵպ֣
ֻҪܼ㣬һж˵˵ΪԤףǶԸҾ׼һþƺòˣ֪Ҫݰ١
һڴӦ磬һϻһ󣬼һƶһطŽ
ûã޴ͽ뿪ˡ
һߣؾʳõʣ󣬸Ҫݣ
Ϳ㣬վƣæгڳشص⣺ûϢ
㻹Ӧ㣿سԾ
ֲ֪ԼҪµһӳʲô˵ţŵظ˸ͷ㿴ңµһ𣿡
ضĬˡ
Ĳ˵ɫһ۾ͻ¶ڡ
ļҵĹǷ紵ɹСɫ
죬˵ݲµһּ࣬˵ʱҲûˮĸоҸٰĺá
ԣ㻹ǡػû˵ȻӦΪʲôҪ˼ٰ˵ģһѽѳԽܵõƽҲһЩ
һǼٵأͷʡ
һǼٵġش𲻳
˵ļٻôͼʲô
ԡһĳΪҳ϶ҪȰ˸ü۵Ǻǻ
ѵΪ˼ǣظж֣ͬʱΪһҳ
ˣؼһֻ㵽жΪ¿ǡ
극ͱ־ߣز㻹Ҫţ
һسǾͲӰȥԷûУͻ˵
еԺɢĲ߳ŵһ˲ͱˡ
ȵõţײһ
磬ȥĶȵԾ
˵Ѽţô͡
Ҫݾɡ
ԸݾǾȥɡ
ýӵéӣˮҲܵ


195 
ڶ, ԼУصĽ̷
˽̷żд͡
ͷӶϲ˾ۻ֣һΪ, ̷еȷ༼ո߳, б𴦶ľʱݡ
˵, ÿ̷ȾƳԷܾΪֵط
˫, ĸŮ˸ĹǷ
˵ŮǴ˴ͷ֮һǧչһ
ô˵ǷҲֵǧ
벻ͨ, ôԸ⻨ǧ̨ϺߺǮҪô׬ۻȥʰʲô, ٷһǮ
Եע⵽ĹǷ, ڵˣҪ㳪ˣˣܻܲ׻ĸ裿
ܳΪͷƣȻڣǽ̷ŵˣƽ˴ǵһ˵ѵˡ
Ůۿ, һȻģ
, ˭˻˵۸㡪ȥɣͷػ˻֡
Ůȥ, һ˽ᵯ, һȺɴ, ĻŮ룬衣
ĿƵضһŮչ⣺˽ܵ飬̷ŮҲΪ˵ϴȥط֪ĵصŮ⣿
⡣ͺԥ
㶢ű˴輧ʲô
һ֮ˣ
Լ˺ļ棬쳯Ͷſͣ輧֣份ߡ
ҿֿԣҾͰ͸ɡ
һ䣬輧һ㶣漴ϲ
üɫҪ͸ң
ȻһӣȻϵĲ㲻ʲ
û˵꣬ͼͶ輧ϵĽ׹ӡ
Ͱֵؿô󣬳Ľ׹ӡ輧̨ĿͱĽˡôһǮ
̫ˣͰѽĴĺ󱳣ҿϵķʡ
ɵۡ
ǳ֮ˣ˵
Ȼ˼ҵĽͰһ°ɣˣһ׮ѻ
лһģ˵ֻҼջɨŵĶˣȱƨֽģ֪⡭
Ϳ輧Ѿͨһ򵽵ϣɫ԰ףɪɪ
ʲôֲǲ㷢Ťͷ԰ɣܣɣ
Ȼ˲ԸǻǲҪǿˣȥɡ
˻֣輧ӻ̨
̫ϧˡһźؿ輧ȥķ򣬡ҷϲЩҪʱһԱݲգ϶ϲ

˻ϲɣ
ɤӣʣֺͷٳǡ
ʲôüĻ
ǳá˵ǽĽ
ĽҲûãһ裬Ѿҳˡ
ˣСֻǡˡɴת۱ѱ׼ĺþ
˫̥ͯӹһ߳ż䡣
ͯӵͦϡġͿǵıӰĿ˫̥ʼһ˫ϡ
ΪʲôǣְɣһƣϰΪʵУʱƾһԺСͱ׸ĸˡзǵʱѾˣ˵ʱǿзֿܴܻϵһֻ֡
һ˫̥ͯӵıӰ˵
ĥţҪһֱֻۣǲ¡ҾͰռϡ棬ڱźģϡôϱӵۣˡȻ˵ֺܵӰ룬ôûǣ
ʧ٣ǲ鰸ȥˡ͵
ԭˣֲýѲߵһҹ֮ˡȻƺδɡ
˵ڼ䣬˫̥Ҳˣ̧ŵɫһɫ̳ʹɼˡߵýˣŵ޵ľ㡣
ʲôƣʡ
ƣǽϹ֮һֻййлȵ˵ְƣ˴Ӻһ̳ˣã
Ϊǰľյһ֣ⱭҾ㡪һȫˣ
һͳͷʱĽƵ׼õϡ
˵ľ˳űƮ˽˿ĭа¾ĵѼҪøʮ̳̳ĺȸˡ
¿վƱ˵кźȾƣԲˣԲˣ
ͼǰһ͹հ׷Ž
ʵСûгףȢ涼ûŮ˻Լ¡֪ôʶģѵҲǸĸ֮ý֮ԣ˵
͹˼Ƭ̺˵ôһ˵ȷʵǱˡ
˭ˣ󾪡
˵İš
ˣٸֵһơ
ƹѲ޲ԽԽֻ촽մƣȴ
ֱԣװµӳԸǣ˭ϸһ˫ȾͺȻȥ
ӦѾˤڵء
ˣо
ɵ˰ɣûҩǷ⣡ŵڵϵֺͣӿɲʲôʡ͵ĵƣеڱĺ£ܣޣ֣ýһŶԣ
ıͻû˵꣬һȻ򣬡ұ˸磿
ޣӲŲ뵱ı˸磬ʲôֶιҰ׼ҵĹӶһҪ˵ĸ³һӣδ󺺴źһһҵؿ͡
˫̥ͯ˹ضס͵졣

̧ȥ᷿ɨһ輧λȥźʹĻеԽԽá
֪ˣūҡ輧¶¡
ʲô֪һٻӰˣǮȥٻһ˵ʲôҰ׼㣡Ĺҵĺɰ˹ȥ
輧⿪һӲӽԻǡ
κ輧̧͵ıδ뿪˫̥ͯӿˣӣ𣿡
ãôûãҰ׼ŮƶʣҹĸõӣŮȻҲòʲôطȥһƶ˵Ÿˣұ๫̷϶̲סһ̽ʱ׶Լ๫ͱŮ﷭Ƹ꣬ҾͲұû̵ȥ
ʱ԰ݣȰؼңȻܻԹһʱܻףӲи
ŴΪԽصݣ׶ȻĿ࿴ҪҪ¸߸ϣ¶ǽǷհɣ
ģ·ѾԼø׹Ŀ࿴ԼһȺɫֵ֮üӡ
һͷҲеΡΪƭ˶Է˷½ģ˺ö౭ƣԼ˸
ҳȥߣţǴӸڳ˵
͸͸˳㿴ûУڷҩɲʲôôֵҩһҹҪڴϷսˡÿ϶ǲͷ͵ŵģԤûŶʹ޲ֹ
ʱ͸ˡ
˵Ҳ˵İš˰ţҲô֮ǰֱõһ·׷ˡ
̵̷߳һţĺ׾Ͱһƹ
û²֪صȥ
ӱһ˫§סžͱ˻谵ǽǡ
û˿ɣȵչʡ
ûˣûˡd˵ֽ
˰Ѱȵϵd˱ϡ
Ȼǣ֪ذһ֧˳ȵ̾
Ҫǣd
ȵҡҡͷ˵Իǰƻ¡
ӰһϢʧǽµӰ
ȵ˿ӽ̷뿪󲻾ãһӰڽ̷磬ŵƽʵĴǰ
¹ײⲻվĿⲻʱɨݺﲻϵĽ̷
qվԥˣҪȥ𣿡
ҲȥҲ˵
ôܽȥһŮӣô̷ܽΣڽȥ׽ˣʹʧ棿
ΪӶԽ̷жӣһʧ䡣
»̫ʱҲаȥ̷ۻʱ
йӣЩ۵ճۻҲѡ̷ʱֻ裬˭Ҳ˵׼᲻ϡ
.
ڹ﹬ⶼʱ˵˭˭˭˭˭ˡȨλصУ˾ͺͽһ˵
Ҳ±˵
٣˫ȴʼζڵϡ
ȥ֤ȥͷɻڴȻ
ֻȥ˫ʽڻճֽ֮ǰäĿ
ΪӦ
ص˫ʪˣԸ̫̫̫Ľ֣Щһʼ
˱ۣȻת߰ɡ
qﾪȵǲȥˣ
ɫ԰ױ̷Ϊ˿ţ
q׷ȥͱһĴײ˼
ûоƹ裿
뿪ˣǰӰ졣
һֻȵֽ߬סصܾͷӭһ˫ʪںڣлڱȼյ
˼˫ۡ
͡
̷ڣһĻ輧ոѣ󾱴ʹһʱע⵽ǶĴԼǸӲӣտҲĺɰױ̨ԭۻҵĽͱʯΣȫӰ
輧һٴ˹ȥ


196 
ذѻȵͷ, ԼҲҴҵȥֵqҪʱͿ, ̧Ƥɨһ, qżתڳⰤų
һأ;ص
عȥ̵ֺ, ϶һֻҲû֡
Ƿ˻ôˣصǵ, ƴҽһͷ, ǾͽҼҽݰɡ
ȥҽݡ, ظ
̬ȼ, ֻ÷Ըֱӻظ
ĳֻгص
ҹĻ, ֵϵҲϡˣżһ, ﴫ
һǣʱͶͷ߳ĺ, ѭϵ, ѹ̵մģһͷ谮Ĵ󹷣֡
ذ˫գغ˿ƽʪգҲգؿ
˵һö
ӣΪֻʣһ, ֻһˡ
һŬֹԼµĺ˼, һرߡ
Ϊʲôڽ̷⣿Ƶض, ơ
ҡ·غ˵
ƭˡ
͵˵ֺȻزص͹̵塣
ڳԴס˵
ȵϢضϣȫȼ¡
ޣҪκ͵Ĵοϣãֻܱؿڡ
ؿڣҲżҵĹĶ
Ұһǰȥ
ǰҲȥ̷Ϊծȥġˣ˴ã˵ż䡣˵ҵһż迴裬̷طͦ˼ġ
еȻסӣ޾ɵءŶһ
⣬֪˵ʲôźá
ĸͷûȥ̷أֻԵԼȡ֡
㲻ʲôطȤ˵
һʹȴǿջЦʲôطȤ
ҿڽ§Ů졣˵˶٣ѹӿĶ䣬˵һɸ˵Сܣ׵ģ׵Ĳһ
صڵغˡ
㿴סʲô
Һ档ֱ׳
سĬƬ̣ûйȻĺģô׵ģ
ûף˵ԡ
ػûüشѾס
Ҫҡ
һֻѼӡǣһڣһڡ
һֻ˵Ұǣֻꤵ°͵عֱ˿۵Ĵţֱ룬Եأ֮
ͷԡ
İĿ޷˼
˫ۣûͷĳˮЮ޴沨һʼңᣬ˳ϸܵĽëţ޼˵
ɫļɷۣ߸ͦıвиССĹǽͻһƻǿСɽڸͦȴѰ̽ͷ
Ϥȡеء
ۻ
ˣүѽqɫͨͷ
ٴιˡ
qֻߣŤͷ򣺡㣡ϳô죬ô죬û㣡
򣺡
һ򿪣ط³ˣѺõѪ͵ϣ޲˳طȥʹʧһء
qͳԼͬرӣͷƶ䡣
ؾһ⣬ԼҲ˵ǲ˵Ǳ˴
ҡҡλε߽ԺҺˮ͸ɾֽ
һ͹̵գȴ޼£ڴϷҲûȴߣɫҲ߳ϸ΢ĺ飬ϵĽҲˮЩʪˡ
ؼûҲԹ⣬ĻйҩĴڣ֮УҲȱŽֹҩ
ȥμ룬ΪλУѵ治Ǻˣû㣬Ϊλȥͣ
һһڲùǰЩ΢⡣
ؿ̵ܣԥã϶ص˵ӿнҪȳȥ
һŲ壬;ʹӴϽץס
ߡϣߡ
ͣ½Ų
㡭
ΪѵؿǺðӣΨܿ۾
˫ʪֱӡ
ҡ
ȱĸоƺֻˡ
ͰƵͳǣκػû׷ʲô˾ߣһ̵ֱֻۣ§
ܶҵǣÿһǶһŲ𲽴һԻõ硣ï֣ܵʪůȵĺˣϢ׷
Ʈ棬ҹͷ˸
ߣ϶ֹһˡ
͵촽۽ƶʪ촽СɵıǼͱա
ҡţס֡
޷ܾ
Ϊ͵ΪߵΪѿޱ޼ʵǿա
һűĻҪ̵ǣôôȣ˺ҲԼǵȶˣŲ·Ҫ룬ȴ׽ס
ÿһε䷳ȥƬա
콥ˡ
q̨ϣϵǡ
һš
Ѷʼף̫ҪʱڴɳƵ
ˮϴ衣
qæԸˮ̧ľͰĴʹѾ߿첽ڣעˮµĴ
ˮһ룬ָˮһȻϢˡ
ҰÿߵһԵͭϴǰһɾֽˮ裬šɺصߡ
ӣˣҴˣҸŪɾˡ
̯֣ϵǡ
Ѫӿʱ벻࣬ڿذװ۵Ʊͨ죬Ͳֺۡ
ϸϸزɾÿָ죬˵
ⲻǾ͸ɸɾ
ۣˣ
šͷݺݵһۣƵỨҲΪĹĵģ
ϵģҸӺáͺ
زԸ˦֣˦˼Ҳû˦һ鹷Ƥҩһϡ
Ҳˣ˵˳֮ǰᡭģ㡢ռұˣ
ûռˣñ˸ռͺ㿴˻úõģ˵㣬ʧȥ׵ġҰҶ⣬㻹ʲô
ĿؿΪ׵дʶ͡
ңⲻҲȨ֮𣿡˵
زӴȻȷʹóˣ
ϴƨֺõŲ
ҴţǸ˵»ݣ»ݽռңҲķڷһ磡Ӳ˭ģˡӾ⹭ҲӲϵĻᡣ
Ͷ˵زˣػ˵ʲô
ίί̧ʪۣܵС˵˿ǵ⣺
ҡ᲻ᡭ
᲻ʲô䣬ͷ
һ᲻ᡭ᲻ᡭعһ̵տˮ᲻ỳУ
ͳĬˡ
ֱ壬һصؿ
ɣ
صɴ۾ǻỹǲ᣿
ɡ·ء
û·ؾѾɸɾ֣ĸ˵зӰŮӣŮӵס󣬾ͻСҡھͿܻˣ
ػϵĸǿϵûôܻУôŲỳ
.
ֻ֪˯һӣɾôûſ˴¹Ħô֪
ţ侲˼顣侲͵ȥȸ


197 
صȻȥȵ
Ҫ¶б֪, ʲôȥˣ
ԼܻеĿ־ǨŭشѼͷȻѴѼӸϳ˷䡣
ſڼſβվһ, ͷɥˡ
һͷ鷿Լصļóϸϸؿ, ÿһҳϵͼ, Ƶͷ˿, ϸϸ˵г̶, ΨǱдġѧʫʡſɱ⡣
ôȥĿŴѰҰûŪ, ôġ
֪¾ͻỳС
֪ͼ϶Ƿ¡
֪ͼһʽ
ó
ҵóۡ
, ֻһζ, ôܾôɣ
ӵŮʮһӵķޣô, ûһؾ˰ɣ
üͷڤ˼ʱ, ȵ̤鷿, ģʲô
ãҡ
صǿ, ͷȻֹ
ʲôȵɫ⡣
ҡԾʩˡ
ȵ˵ҽȥ򡣡
, ˳ȥߡͰѴӽ, һ¾ѹ档
ȵƺ˵ʲôųţûȵֹ
ȵ뿪ıӰԥ˰Σûס
ˣȻ£Ǿһΰɡ
Ȼţһ̤ţת٣س˳ȥ
ûϰ߳пŵĺʱѾ߳ڵĽֵ
һ·Уֱӵſڡ
ɫ磬øոտţֻҩͯæµҲʣֱÿ˺Ժ
Ժϯɹҩķű뻮һذڷСŸɾµƴ򱳶վһǰһ֪ʲôҩģŵǼϸš
ӣӡ㲻ܡ
һСͯŵ׷˽
û£ȥɡƴͷҲ̧
Сͯؿһͣԥԥسȥˡ
㿴Ͳıƺģ˵
ıƺıòˣٱ˲ѡϷæʱšƴ̧Ƥû˵
ͷǶõĽˣ˵Щߵƴߣ˳һƬӽ
ϹԣСʱһѪˣƴ͡
ûϹԣ͵ת˻⣬ͷġ
л˵ж¶ûһϡƴֹ
ҡиֵ㣬˵з֮ûʲô취ܱ⻳У
ƴҩģɵض͡
ΪʲôҪУ
ҡңֵܣüǲʹˣҲˣ
ƴӱǻһ
ϷĶء
ҩӻתҽȥȥ
Ůĺ£ֵܣΪʲôҪУƴ˹˵
˵ûа취У
Ϸ֪ԭǾóȻֵġ˭ֵ֪ܣǲͷƵңҪʡķӣ
ڻֵܵƷ治Ĳ˵ֵҼֱˣ޲顣
ƴΪִŵ㵹˵˵ޣΪҪУ
Ѿ߳ԺصáƴǰѾһߣŽ
ٲ˵ϷҪȥˡƴ
ͳĬΣƴҪ뿪һ̣ڿڵ
ʧȥӡ

ǵŹء
شӺܶط仰
Ӳ۶ѣӵĺҲֹǵõһɰӤѡ
ȻʺѲʵ̫ҽԺȫҲûܾȻؽᷢӵ
ʺ󶼲ѣѲĵλʤ
ÿһ꣬жһʻΪڴϡ
Ѳʱǡ·סƫۿһʺѪˮ˳Է
˵ҽߡ
ʮꡣ
¡
ĲСĻҪô죿˳ܳΪһϸĸ
ػɥڴϣֲƽ̹ĸ
ûõĸ׵׼Ҳ֪ҪôȥһĸסԼ˺ͯɱ䣬ôȥΪһĸأ
֪ۿӵʱȻ
һŲٽӽſڣqż鴫˽
ˣ˲ˣ
æգգۣҴҵš
ʲôˣʡ
qһϵ˵޽̽ߵǲۣ췴ˣԮʿǴӳģм׷ɱģǵĽʿˡʿûүˣϴڶʹױдµԮţ
ɫ䣺أ
үѾȥӪҪԴ֧Ԯˣ

û˰»û
ƴĴηˡ
Ǹҹҡҿ֪ı˸磡ٲҳȥӾĲǣ
ıݼﴫȥ
ɤӶˣȻ˴
סڵһ͵Ľлһڣ޳ĵݸˣĵҪ֪үı˸磬һǻʵ۵ı˸ء
ޣ֪֪˭ŭ
ǻʵӣ㲻һұл۾Űǰͷ˵Ҫǲԣ͸Ұɡ
ԳԳ㣡
һŸ˹ȥ
ʯͷһͷη֮ľϣͣл˹ȥĿݲҲ£ôֱӿ
ԲҪءл˵СֵܣҿǺĲ˵һ䣬طӲûõġοԼأ
鿴¶ƿĿ⣬ٴĴηˡ
˰˰ǲҪˣǾҹ֪ı˸硪
ʲô
һľ˹ľڰ˼£˰͹ƽļǽڡ
ʲôٳŲҽʰ㣡û˵֪æأûռ㣡
أǸαΣа̵Ǹе
ȵүҲæţпռ㡣Ƿǳʱڣ˶æţﰲĴŰɡҪʱȻ㡣
ĴţôܰĴţߴУӵʱأ֪֪ʧһ죬ʧӣ
üͷ
ڵĽлÿˮ¸ɵʯҵͷмڵ
ˣˣ˷ʱ䡣ʲôʱܳȥ
ʵŵ㡣䲻ͷľˣݳˣǴѾȥˡǰ˭ڳе£ϳͲֱģұֱӴɱҲûܹ˵ʲô
ʲô
鰧
ѵҲһ𣿡
лһ߿ͷһͬؿôУΪʲôñһƣ
ģֵܡǿ޳޳
һ鱦ݣȻ󱻰ǵøɸɾһӽηƨɵӶ©İö췭ۡ
лͬؿ
ᣬôͷأ


198 
ˣߣ
ѪĽʿϳ, ɫƵ˵
ƥӱ޳ïܵĴ֡
˵Ĵױǻм䣬Ǽɱ, ͻ˼ε򴨾ķòӵױֻʣˡ
ֹͬۡ
һͻΧʱ, һи, Ǹʿ, ʸֱӴ͸Ƥ, ĸࡣ
Ѽ۶, ļһ졣
ԮȻңңڡ
ѾŲסˡ
ͨһӴˤ䡣˻𣬼ֻ֮յشϷɹ
ͫĺڹ⡣
ױ½, ŵس
ˣ
ŵ屻ױСķƽ, Ѫĸ½˳, ¸ء
߰ɡ˵
ˣҪһߣ
ͬľܾнʿҪ, һ, дȵѪӸӿ
֪˭˵͵͵
ڿﴫݡ
ˡ߰ɡ, ɢĿڼϤһһɨֻܵˡ
Ҫ, Ǿһ£ֵһ̶ȿڲǵټӦöһʱ䡪еųְĽʿ˵, ͦӲ, ζȻҲһ, ˵, ԽѹͷԽй
ǰһҪסֵǾƴҲһôͻΧģ
һҪסһܳȥģ
СѾͻΧȥˣֻҪټһʱ䣬һܵȵԮ
ױ˵ţĿֻһֻҪ־ܶʧѪٶȡ
ֻ֪ǲʵʵǳˣǺް취ȥŵ
˳ױԽԽࡣһű͸ɺѪϳˮ
жѪᡭҽǵġ𣿡ҳţƴһźòߵԭΪлΪЩʵ¡û뵽ȴҡˣ⡭
ǣ¶һҵ΢Ц
ڡ̽߸꼾֮ǰؽɹݰաҲõˡ
ˡ
ڽ£ױʹ
Ѫ֣ӸͳһöƽСױ֣ҲöƣĿضױһһٵ
֪Ψһڿɿá˼¡ıԡҪǡ£֮ġŴζѩ̿
գҲգضױ
Ұûɵ£ˡ
ˣױһҪסԮͿˣ
ˮϣġ
ڶҲ
ǵΣĵΡˮһƬϸܵĻ
ˮˮˢһױϵ۹
ϴȥˣʹȴ˿
ܶĴ˻ɵء
δƣƤϣԽۡ
һߵҰŬؽⳡڶĴӳԺ
ڣ꼾֮ǰ޺̽ߡ
ʲô۽ǻ䣬ѷֲ꣬ᡣ
գɵɵЦ
áá

˼оݣһ·СѾŲ·ȵ˼ʣûʳʲôá
ЩСѾȲԸҵ򴨾ԭĽڶʹҲԸĽڶʹȥѹѾǸɴΪܣΪµˡ
뿪ʱֻ֪ڷսһŲ֪
ձо󲿷֣ʣЩͷɱ˷ŻͷɱӺĲӼݡ
ԽǿߣСѾԽࡣ
𽥵֪Ѵױӳء
ǱѾҵ֮ǰҵ
ټûϢУ꣬оٶһټ
ʪ˿׺ƥÿ˵϶ˮ
ҹĻ𽥽٣ֲָֻԭӪ
ʱӪشڿüͷؿһȻû˿ƵĴꡣ
ôˮλǷڱǣ
Ҫϼ죬¡
磡
ȵٵ˼
ȵð걼һɫ
ǰ﷢һӵױ
Ͳ񣺡ǣ
²˳٣˰Сӣɳټĵص㡣
һ̤ŷˮִ˳ױĵطȻѾһˡ
ȵҪڣһ䣬һֹ
ڸĺۼҲñҹӡͱ˫ۣܵ
΢ġಡһţȴǱһ˲䲶׽
˫ۣץ˫סߣ
һȺ˳֣ںڰмۿ񱼡
ʸˣˣ׷һǱӰļֵӰҲˡ
ȵõ⣬һƺļֶеĳ
ಣ
׷ˤ£ͺȹǵ塣
ȽܵױƣصС
ͷ첽ˡ
أʡ
㡭ݡ֪ױŬˮƤرųǰˡ
ǣͲϵѪۣˮ
ϲͬѰȻʶⲢˮ
¹£ѪһƬ
̫ˡþˡԮˡֻʮ꣬һױظ
ͽһѪ۲˵أأ
ˡˡױӿᣬûܳŵ󡭡ΪͻΧֵǡˡ
Ҫҽ㡭ױ߶µشӻͳһöơ
ͽӹˮһö
˵ױĺ϶˵δɵ¡ˡһҪˡΡ
ױ˵꣬΢ȥ
ǲǡҪˣ
㻹ߴߴɣô׾ˣͰ˲еסԼȥ
Ȼݣʶʶҽ
࡭лˡҡֻʣһˡҲ붪һˡ
˵ˣʡ·ϣܻؼ˵
ááлˡ
Ͱ˲ǰһԵȵһѡ
ȵסױ壬һ٣Ҳͣ
ôˣ
ưãͱ뺰ܱԼ˼
Ѿˡȵ˵
һ㶣ױ֪ʲôʱ۵Ѿ˫ۡ
˯һꡣ
ӵء
磬ȥĶȵڴƼĬ
һ֦ҶïĴ°úױʬ壬
ȥݣ߹ǣ췴˭Ϸ

ˢܣû
ذҹѣշתߣɴ£ϵơ

ÿл·ǰܻԵɵĻš
ԼĵУΪ顪½ˣ̽߱Ҳˡ
գΪ»Ųѣ
뵽ͣԽơ
ܣϣĹһ󷽣Ҫǰߣյ£֪ⲻܡ
ֵǰȴںţǾͲǽʿŷͣҲˡ
ԼĵǣÿζЦţȻһһŵƽ顣
ҪȡĶԸҪȡʲôá
ʲô۶ϧֻҪܹһδλΪģƽ
Сɫ׺صϮҪشС˯Ƭ̣ԺȻ𼱴ٵĽŲ
ˣˣ
һصĽŲ̤Ժİͷһ˯Ȼʧ
⣬Ǿ޿ܽԺġ
һǳʮ𼱵Ĵ£
ϵ£˳ȥ
˺£
αα۴ˣŵĴҰ׵ʮΧĸţ


199 
Χˣ
, ˫ŷڿĴǰȴǽƽ
Ͳڣ뵣صĵӲС
ʲôǿװ򶨵
һ, ˵ǵĸŶѾΧ, ܵ˵ǿҹ, ֪ͬѾά򡣡
жؾ
ԥƬ, ˵Ϻӱܴճǧˡ֪Ԯ, ߳о󲿷ֱ, ˵һճ, Ļ̻, Ļɢ, ¡ֲ֧˶ˡ
дܱسԮüؼæ
, ܹͻΧԮ, ԮҲֻǱˮнҪܱݳ, һǿӦԮܱݳ, ˮֲأɳС֧ӣα۵ʮǰ, Ҳ޲
ƿԣ˳żɢ䡣
ˡҪô죿ؿ
غһû˵
ڣڣ۵׵ĻתΪᶨ
ȥš
¶, û˿qȻİΣ, ʲôҲǰ취qﱧص׷˳, 
ʲôΣգֹ
ȥҾҪȥqǿؿҲҪˣ
ε
ʱȴӵ
̶󳨿ţƹָСֵǮһӴŽգżһ˫ӵ۾ϸ΢ŷ͸©
һ̬󿪳ţȡñ˼ס
ԽǽӽžԽǽӽԴ
һǿҵĹϴˢؾţʸӿз䣬òɿƼҿ¶һᡣ
ȹԻڳ嵽˳¥¡
ڋqĲ£˳ϰһһһǱķ֮ͥӳ¥ϴҴ£˫
ض񡣡̧żɽˣ
ֹ֮ۡͥһأԭ򾫱˴˳ȥ֧Ԯݡµ򴨽ڶʹܷڣƣϽ¸ݷټˮֵӰ컹δȫȥݻңαӦҲǿ㣬ʳǺһֱ⡣Դһ뿪ݣܷӦôѸ١
ļ٣׷ʣǻֶܼ೤ʱ䣿
գ򡭡һա֮ͥɫΣҾֵݾʱδڲ٣նֻ֪Ϊأ˫ûսҷʿȵסټϵ˹ŽеԡְܣȻץ˼δܶԵɢ
üʲôԣ
˵֪˴򾫱뿪ݣǾԮݣǵ֪ɾǵϢǶˡ
˵˵ŭ
Ϣŭ֮ͥҾƬ̧̣ԥ̽кδ㣿
һͷ飬ʲô㣿
ڹǰ¶Ĳ޴룬鼱֮£𸸻鷿ӦԳİ취
֪ͬкθ߼
֮ͥһ٣ְӣӶӦ˵شҪ뿪ݣȥŰΧȦΪԵھ񣬳ԴͻΧ
ʲôܰˣ
ذסŭʣһְ취أ
һַӣҪسǡ̧ۣ̹֮ͥȻӭߣǾñ׼Ƹ۵ֵ̬һ̣Ȼ󣬱ɡ
¥ϵ˱/
¥ĵоڽ
طڣغͷ֮ͥΧȴ㡣
qסɨĿŵˡ
ѡַӡؿڡ
֮ͥĿһ
̧ʯףηһϳ¥
ɪĳ¥϶سǵʿеֱ˼ˣһ鲼˰еĴ˼̱ʯһеվڲtд
صĳЩ˵ĿⲻԼͬۼϡ
˵ӣؿˣ
λʿұݷˡգҵķӦ򴨽ڶʹٻ򾫱ǰƽѣҷĲܣڸϻݡ֮ǰλʿܹһ֮ͬһغʮ޹աһλʿͬЭغݣͬͬˣ
سڵÿһ֣ᶨη̬ȡ
˵ʱ򣬲ֹ¥ϵڽľҲ½̧߳ͷ¥ϵӰ
Ǵ۲ӡ
תߵ¥ߣ·߳İգ
ݷˣҾᶪҵ뿪ңһػǵļ԰ǵĹǵѣֻǶڼɪɪܹһʱѾɱ˷ŻȻΪ׸⣡λŽеһ𣬼ֵ֧Ԯݵ֪ʲԮʱ򣡡
һ꿪ʼˣ֮ͥͼʿƽ¡
ߴö죬֮ͥˣ̫Σˣ㻹Ȼɣ
纣ڲ֪ϸˮĿ־塣
ٸо־壬ϱʹԽ㡣
ƽ֮ͣͥ̽ȡͷ϶ƣ𵴶˫֡
˽űʸ
֮ͥ
֮ͥһʶְڡ
㰲һ֧ͻΧҪϢ͵֪ǰ

һƵȥ˵׳سжԸسǵģ긳˰ۣǲһɰб׼Ÿ¹¶ĸգ
֮ͥɫԽ棬ɫᶨŵһۣٴγҾ

֮ͥѸٵؽؾݵľĴȥԭɢʿݷʿļ
ҹһ֧ﾫɱΧΣϢݡ
֮ͥĹ٣سһ֪֮٣ݾʶֶģִ౻ʹ˳ǡ
صͳʱ˳ѧһƤëû뵽վҪҽӲͷƤˡ
Ϊ˵һʱյоǵĶڳ¥ʱڳһ칫㣬סڴ˴ҪĸŵĲͼҹ˼ڳɹ֯ؾѾһǿ󣬷֮ͥɳ̡
ˣˣ׾Ҳﻨһﻨһ顣һؾж˸⣬Ϊһһһ߿һղ߲ݣ¸ɫͷֻʹĥֻؽǽдǰеľ˼ˣŵԽ
ͳ¥ϵĽʿԽԽ
ʧȥ߹װͳеİȴԽԽء
ÿ£ͽʿķԣÿγУնóϷع
ЩΪʱûеõĴ
ؽصԴ
ʹΪһ֮ȴƷΪһȴ˵˶Ҳ
һ˵ĸ߹󣬲ǳѪͳԴ˾ƷкͲܡΪʵۣû֮Ĳܺ͵УҲ񸸻
ƶ⣬Ҳˡ
߹λ߶λߵĻԡһ˵ĳûиߵ͹
ֻȱڵеˣŻͼø߹ĳȥˡ
ƭ˲ҪԼҲƭˣǾȡҲԶˡ
Լ˿ںڰİա
ԽԽʵظоµƬء
Ҫػ
ػػӵÿһˡ
Լ˫֡


200 
ݾʱִֵ, פ⡣
Ϊ򴨽ڶȸ֮أӵȫصؾԹˡ
ֻ, ̬չ, ˵, 򴨶ҸͶ
򴨾Ȼʧ˽, ʼʮڶʹǰһʧ, »Ϊڶαɡ
ʱ򣬾ͲݾܹƽϢˡ
Ҫңֻгڡ
˰, ܵΧƻͺڽļ˼𽥳, ڴʱСɫǰš
ȵȡ, ɫػͶߵＸ䡣
黹ڼȴ뿪ˡ
ɫѿС߽һ, ѪζխĿռҽڸϵļλһ, æͻ˻, ˵ŰɡݵΣ
³ʱαۻδݡ֮һ˵, ԭоڳɢǶӵ, ѱݷ˹ơ
ôƵģ
ݷסΣյų¥, سǵĽʿһ粽ˡܵĹ, նسǵĶ顣³ʱݷ˼سǵ׳н򡣡
һԺֳڵʸĳ¥ϴľ
һ뵽ôΣյĵط¾սͺ޲ϳɻݡ
ˣΣʲԮ
Ͷ˶촽ȴû﷢
ûеõ֮еĻش¶ɫ
ˣ
Ұˡ
ת߳ȵd
ϢҲӪκصķԷ˵
ȵȥв죬ġ
dκξ飬̸ʱҲ̫գ˿ȴһ̬ڣǡ
αɴ˶˹ǣʹǰߡ
ʮ򣬳ȥںӦ¡ȵ
ȥȥСҪdż
֪һȡ˵
ھ;ȣȥȣ
˵һȣͣ½Ųһŭdίر졣Ͷؿһһٵڡ
أ廨ͷܹڹؼʱ̣Ϊڷ絲Ĵ˵
˫ȭǿԼǽйѺ֪Լ˿̸ʲôҲ֪ڳ֧ʲô
Ϊⲻ£¡Ա²Ϊεģͣ;صŮˡ
ԣʧȥ֪֮λ㲻ʲô򴨾ͷˣ̻췹ԡһ׷󣬲пԼĵ̣ˡ
صĴڣһһߵڡ
ڴ˿ģ˽Ϊأز˸мġ
ҲԹ
ֻὫһԼϣֻԼԼҹᣬֶǿջЦ
˭˵ֻѡһݺأӶҪ
תÿʿ첽˽ȥ
ǵĹǼƻҪʱ䣿
λ񣬾ְߵһ˿ڵ
شˣǸոնµĹǼƻֻΧºͲòеͶǿãպչǿԤʮڱ塣
Χ٣ʱ䳤ǿʱ̡
Ȼʱ̵ǿ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
ȲôãҲȲôá
ȻǾʹȥҹƴ׼ҲҪץʱá
һƬӦ֮
ˣ֪ոյϢǡһʵ
˫۾˹
ϼҵĵˡ˵
ʻٻʧԣĪҪ
ˣ鲻ã⼸ͲҪˡͰ˰֣һͷȥɡ
ཫ½뿪ʡ
һƨɳǰüͷɳɢС졣
᲻úײǣǿΧǶ̫ˣҪʱȡ壬ֻңгܡ
ƺ㣬Ҫ
Ͷɳ̣׼һ£˸ţ˵֪Ͷˡ
ͻһ䣬ȵʧɫ
թȵɫ䣬ɵ
ͳѾԭﶼξ˼㣬Һڰƽԭϻмֽ飬˽ԴĶֻ࣬谴˵д㡣
α֤˼Ͷϣ
ҪǴţ˵಻ţ
ȵƿԣ߿ܺ򴨾Ļ
Ҫö˼˳ͳȫûд֮Ļ˼ԣ֮õĶƴ׷ɱҲΪ˵õö
ռƣȱĲʱˡ˼㲻֪һ㣬Ϊһսû뵽ȴǴŻͶϵңѴҰĴ⣬ѵΪӲΧǲǿӼȥթһף
ɡȵ¶ԥ磬̫ðˡҪȻȥɡ
СͶȻܾȥû˼ɾ裬ȥֻ衣
ȵĬΣ¶ĵ
Ŵ硣
ͶźͿҹҾͳ

ݷص죬;ĩ·
غسǵĹʿ뾡취Ҳֻӵѡ
ǿĹѾҡҡ׹һǧ׳سǶ飬ڶҲ֧Ų
ѵޡ
ֻҪһǿͻΪһƬѪ
رҪĴ㣬ǶӣǺչ
ûټ谵ҹĻûһ˿¹⣬˱ڳ¥ϵصӰڽ̡
֮ͥöû˵̲סٴ˵
ˡٲߣľ߲ˣ˴壬ԶģֻбסԼжɽĻᰡ
شų¥æµӰ
ƴԸҽ飬ﲻ𣬰ŷɥŮչԱںЭʣææ⡣˵иҹӾǮΨһĵܵܣҲӵŰЩ¡кһ֣ڶķԷڳѲߣά
ˣΪͣԼС
ôܡЩȫԼ˹͵
ӳȥ
͵ǻһˡ
ҡ
ؿˡ
Ҳ뿪
ˣ֮ͥһɫ
ͣƽسǵĽʿҵ񡣡
ҹ¼ӣ۽ӣ¶һĿʡ
ǼǿҲ
֮ʣȻȻվ˳Ϊʮڷ絲꣬һˡ
ΪǿҲΪ
֮ͥؿһһŮǰе硣
ǲ䡪ʱ򡣡
ϤǾĿɨһĽᶯСϪˣмᶨȴݺӡ
֮ͥΪŮеĻ٣Ҫũľĺǻܴȥ
ˡ
ǰŮΪ޹գиķĴƤ£Ϊǿꡣ
һʼͱȾҪǿ
Ϊǿ߶ߵᡣ
ѡˡ
һһٵ
ţơ


201 
Ⱥɽ, 
һֹâĺմӵƽϻڻҹصĳǽٺĳ, һ̾ҪʺѪҺ
ǿ, ǻسǵıʣ޼
¥ǿŵģЩ˱
Ѫ¥ש, , ҲƮ޵Ѫζûдɨɾһضָ, һСںڵĻҳͶϽʸһѻڳ¥䡣
¥ѻȸ, ÿسǵĽʿһƣɫҰʯһҲؿųǽֶϢ
һǿһǿ񣬹е걸ɾ, ˲аܣؾκϣ
ڳ¥һ飬ܵʿ۵ס
ߣһüܱ߶ĽʿһС
, ʲôʱܣ
δš
㣡˵ûУ費½, ٲ, ߲ˣɾ, ѵα۵
һ, ήˡ
, ⲻǵô
Լ߰ɡԼ½ǣͷҲص¥ȥ
ԼȥĶɴ۾û˽㣬һܻ죿
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һһȥģʲôµģ
ҪȥĶ輱ɾͿ칥ˣǲ뿪Ҳ¥Ǳȥˣᱻɾ׽ģ
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ţκӵӡ
سһѲ񵶣Ҵҵ׷˳ȥ
㣡ңȵң

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Сֲۣ࡭лˡ
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ǳǵɾ׼϶ԴԴ˳
ɢǵĹͼһԴֲڵľΪûܹרҵѵʱٱҲ֮ͥӸϰṭ
ع˲϶룬ϵľʮҡ
ۿ˸ȴ¸ҡ
ûס
Բա
Բ𽫴󷽽е͡
µػηηϵȥ
ҲҪ֮
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мҲܶؿڻ
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ͲڴҵɾУһܶΪĳ˹ȥ
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202 
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203 
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Ϊһ˷һľɫҴҵؽ˴š
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СĴ̧иǡα۵ͷ­ںϿڵѪѾɺԣɫˮۡ
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204 
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׳ʿȭ񣺡ְˣ
Ҫ
Ϊܵû뵽ʿҲͬˡ
ֳ߽᷿⻹һŮֻŮ͸гŮͬؾЩ죬࿴۲ŷǴǰƽɽկŮˡ
ضӡΪŮd
ذݼڣ̫õŮҲһ˿º͡
ˡȭ
Էʬϵİԣһɴ۾
Ӧôʲô
ôʺ
طˣսթڻԣڴ˴أƭߡ
ƨƿڴսթڻԣսթڻԣܵˣҶֶţ
زŵؿ
ʵֲڵԲһ޹
ˣϹ˵ҾǾ﹫ҶӣѸѡ
˭ˣһǵͨ죬Ӷð𣬡ȱӳȥһĲ㣡
컨岻мط˸ۡ
﹫ӣȻػɣΪβ罫һкгص
ҡ
һڣһԵĺͳĿ⡣
ҡҲȥ˭˵ȥˣ
ЩһֵʮĿ־壬ת˻ͷ
б¾ͰѱӹһӣҲĿģǾߵģ
ʲôĿģز
ҡһڣٴθоһԴĿߣ˶٣˵ұõġ
ıã
ǣ֤ݣʧɢıþӴŵŽѥ˹һƨ᷿Բǰ
سƬ̣
˹վλöӦċqէһԷŮֻqĵ
ãΪʲôҪɵҩʡ
˸˵ұú֪йϵҾԵʱü/Ůʳұõ顣
ᡣضȻҷ߳˺Ůʿ⣬ûбŮˡ
Ϊʲôô϶û˲ġ
ҽ
Ĵ־ϵ⣬˳ʱšһȦ
ض԰ĻͬУˣǺԥά
ҷһ
˶һ
ëëŤǸλãʱšһȦ
غɵؿôˣ
ˣз財㻹ԶһĺáϿҵ
ҡ㡪
ĺȭͷڶԷвƵĿ£ͣڰյֻԼͷϡ
˷ͷϵķڣܻʲôã㴦ά
ҷãάʲôֵģ˵㣬ԳҹͶϣϯ֮ҷҩ˵ΪѰö̸ȴֲں٣Ҫǡ
üŶԷ˵ֲ񻹱ţԭڴ˼
ģҡǱԩ
пԣĽԼ̹ףȴֺһԵĺ֮󱨸ڵϸˡ
Ϊ֮£ŭѣеأӹ˵űӵʲô
ʲôԺ𣬡ںԺſھˣǲǶӶˣˣ⡪
Ҳԣ˸
һⲻ⻹У뿪һղϵֻ⣬̡
԰ɣ԰ɣθʣкֶ
ֻҪһ֣θڷڣȾڴ
ζţǰһˣһ׷
մͿ᷿Ѵǰذ˻ȥԼԱʲô
龯ؿʲôʲôûģ
ʲôûĻôģܹȻͶԵ
ҡ̣޳ܵϺݺһڣһſڣһֻǯƵĴ־ĺ󱳡
ʲôһС
˵ûȷͶԵ
ƤЦⲻЦͶԵҧгݵ˵˳
ҿܲһô͵
ޣá
鷴ӦңҲ㾪°͡
⻰ʲô˼濴﹫ӵòɣ
Ȼ⣬Ҳǿ͹ʧ̾˿֪Ҳסˣһʱ򣬿ֱ߶˴СС껭ϻؼ꣬վ͸óˡ
Ťѵǯŵص۾
Ҫߣ
ʲôʱ˵׼ˣ˵ֻ˵߿ԣһһ߶ܴߡ
ɫᣬĿ䵽ϡ
زؿ
Ͳһȥϼг¿ͣĿתض
ʹԲϣһЦ
α۵ͷҿ˵²¿˵Դ
鱻ķҭס
˰ˣȳȥ˵ٲȥԼһҹС˯ţͱԱ̣ˡ
ҧУʲôҲߡ߰ɡ
Ϥĳ棬ϤĽࡣ
Ȼ֮ʲô棬ʮҪ¡
ԣ˵˽ˡ
ɴۣʲôˣ
Ȼסˡֱ׳˵ԭֵҲҪˣȻǲ׵ʤ׵ģԭǲܻܣסôãոǿľʿеϸŮźÿ첻ܹһ֪ġһʳ޷ѣְɣ
£òͷ
ŭһŤЦݣ˵һʳ޷Ƕ٣
࣬ࡣ˵ʮԭԡ
ʮŭ˲ǣףһ˫۾ɵţۣŭ͵ôȥ
ҲʨӴ󿪿ڸˡ
Ͷʮԭ֮ǰһƽƽСС֡
һʮһʮ˽һھǶʮԭڶʱһ֧Ӵľӡ
ܲҲû£ҼҶסһʱնѡȻ׽⣬ҾԼҲһַܳĺ⡪
ɫ䣬ظŻһ
ꤵθֻθᣬĺµζʳϵĥҹﲻߵĹ˼ɣð޿̣Ҳȥˡ
̯ӣгʰɣʵʵȥˣ
ʮԭתͷҧгݵصͣⲻǸСĿҲг֪
Ҷ£㻹ʲôͷʡ
СȥˣȻҪҪֺοţҪʮԭԣ㱣֤Ҫ֮ң
Ȼ㻹ҵƷ
ʱĽӴ˵˻˵˻
粽ãҪı֤
С
͵˵ͷ˵
ˡ
ȻһãȻ
һصļ򣬵ŭ˫۵İ˵
һǮƵı˸ݸꡣ


205 
˸磿𾪵
, ޣһڣһŭݣҺʲôҲǣ
ľѳ, ˸绹ʵɡ˵
صĴԱͻȻը鱨, 㶵ؿλȻΪĹӣ˵ҵλ磿
λ磿׼ֻһ, 㵱ȻҲֻһλˣɫ, ͻȻÿӣع飬ԽԮ, ֮, 游ͼҸһֱȫŵϢѰκʼûϢֱǰ, һӼص̶¹½ʱΣ˳ҵ˴
̧ͷһ֣سϿҵ
游ͼҸһֱڼĹΣҷ, һȫ֮ط͢
ؼһ仰ɢ
ɫһףʶҡͷҲȥ
Ϊʲôŵ, 漴, ŭĿɨһԵͣǲǵʲôв
ûвҡ
ض˶, ڵϵİ
Լȥ
Ϊβȥɺ, ·˼Ļ
ȷ˼顣
˿, жʳԽ޸һӣھûеݹ֮λãĥⲻ֪ԣǸǽߣ鹬ڵĵطʹ
ͣͣͣʮԭ԰ݣ㵱ӵŮңͽüͷʮԭӵŮ˸ߣǲϵˣ
Ҫٲſұ뿪߷ߵضͣչ֪Ů޳å
ٶУͺԥ
Ű飬ָȭĹ죬һѵڰĺϡ
ӴӲԿҾǱ˸磬ǰĶԹһʹ˵ԺҪǷʲô£㡪֪ʲô˼𣿡
ŭԵؿ
游𣿡ԥκʵ
ĸʧǰ׼ʱǧͶĸżǰʱڵ
ϵ౲ΨһĸΪϰΨһŮСܾ衣
ͬزͬĸӹгˡ
ǴӼУҲܸо˶ĸ۰
ʮǴΣ빬μӹ磬һμԼ游ϣֻһԾΪûйΨǰͥ䡣
ʱС˲ע⣬ʢŹ̵ıߵǰ
ǵϲı飬ǵ˫ƽкȻ˸⣬ǵֻҪͷϣȴĬĬջص֡
֮ҲȥͶ游һŮӣôһ˴ȥݣĸ乬Ҳûյ游ϢʱǨ޷֤׼һỶӭ
οֳڣȥͶֳȥͶңֻҺͰл
ֹǣҵϵͣڶǰǴٽϡ
游ӿ˼ƽͶнƣ˵úãһ궼пܡֹҵϣ΢˥һ㣬üҷҰӵʱ˥һ㡣
Ǿͺá˿
ֹֻڹгº游ĸһнʱ䶼ಡ齡ȻױȲôǰĸ֮ǰ˹ȣ۾ͶѲ̫ʹˡ
صǰģˡ
游ֻһ֮ԵǴδĸΪһ׹ϵһظо˹ͬһıˡ
ͳĬԣ壬ָȥµᡣ
黹ŭ·ۿţʻֻһ˿⡣
ѹ˵ԺлˣԴؼҡ
𣿡ز̧ͷؿ
ʲôʱƭ㣿
һָͷŵӡ¡
ΪЦصͷãҲѹ
飺
ϳһӱ״̬
ղײգʰʰվͳؼң
ڲС˵
ŭ㻹˵ʲôҪؼңڻѻƭӣ
˵ڲС˵ʵҪڼǰݡ
ŵؿϰʮ游ɽԽ뵽游
ڴȥݣЦѵ뵽ݣӣ
㡪ƿԡ
ˡسԴ϶ɵؿŰ飬ٸҽ׼ҵ𣿡
ȥֻ׼
زΪ
Ȼ˵⻰ͲڴʹԲʱ򣬰ضˡ
صı磬Ҹһӡ㲻뿪͵͵Ů˸߰ɣв
ҲŲһ޳ܣն
Уһء°ͣ˵߰ɡ
ת᷿߳Ҳ˳ȥ
ǰˣһĸ˵ĽŲԶ᷿
ãǸϽ߰ɣ
ԳƲ޳ܵİվԥ
أҲߵġ
ҡͷٴξܾ
Ĳˣ㲻װˣ鼱öţ֮ףǵøӦ֮ǰ뿪
벻ڣҵĻش𶼲䡣ؼҲߵġ
ؿһʾ֭Ҳ벻ͨģ
κ뵽ʲôȻǲǵĸ֪˻ᷢ㣿
ػشɿ˵·İɣʧʱ򣬸ͰһʼûзѰµŬԵ꣬⿴¾Ϳɼһߣ˵ˣµһӣǳĸ߽ȻѴһ򲽡Ҫʲô٣˲˾ǣ
ֵҰֲ£´ǰνʳҰҲֺοƧίһ岻ССݹ٣
سĬƬ̣˵ǷУΪҺã
ǻм٣ԾĸѾڣ˵䲻ģֲֹһáȻǺǰ׼ףҲûбãôĿܿࣿ
ڹйòģҲúá˵ߣñΪʱʮ֡
ò֣ǲ۸£鼱æʡ
ӴʲôѵʲôˣûʹҵԸǶΪΪҺõ顣˵һ
סˡ
ǰһ˵㻰ȻŵߣȻ뿪㲻صġ˶٣ؼҺ󣬴游ĸʺáպлᣬȻŰݷá
¡
᷿߳
ڲԶ̨ŽµһƬҶӡسţŸ
ؽӹֽʲͬŷ⣬Ҫȥ鷿ҲֽͿȥֱù˺˷ڡ
ӹżĶʱߵ᷿ǰŹ򶨵İ˸磬ͰŰɣõʮԭ뿪
֪Ӻδ˳ڰ龪ֵĿµվߡ
ʿҲһһվ᷿ſڣһ񣬾ʿ˷š
߻ߣȻסļ
ʮԭܻˮ֮ʳȱҲΪ¶ˡͶ˶٣ʮԭծͷϣ֮һ취׼ҡ
ʲôʮԭİѵҵһǷµծȻҪһ塣
áͬиͬͶݵؿ˫ۣ˵˵Ļһ䶼šҪӣҾ壬ϲɵ£һҪػص׼ҡÿһŵҶšءҲڵġ
ס֡
ɫƶȴиоһ˿ƽʱĲͬĻش֮ǰҲΪľĹǷȷѡ
ס֣ȻЦ
á
ͶһᣬȻͷƿߡȻɫ򶨣ģӳĶȴ΢΢ġ
㺦ˣسԾ
˭ˣ۾⡣
ûǡǡ֤顣
̫߳ˣ;ȻǰˣץסѵһĻᣬϱ֮ǰŴ׽ŪĳһۿĴ㣬żŷ⡣
˭ţʡ
;صעصŷϣҷƵģԼȥϲ㣬Ҳȥ
ôҪĶԺҪˡ
͵ŷķƣֽ
ûнʱ·̣Ϊȥ֮Ϊ
áЦ
Ů㣬ҲšҰѺɸ㡣˵ϦʳҸ¶һ֡ʲô
;Υգʱ˷ѿڶ
᲻̫ˣԥ
ӵŮˣһסļ磬Ժȥʲôˮϯί㡣
ôôǲڴʲô⣿غɵؿ
ʲô⡭ѹСͷһӷõıзӣ㿴Ҫһҵס
̸ԽԽԶˡ
˸϶ʱʱ޵İվǰζӳ£˵Ǹʲôζ
úģƺǢеӽȻͬ
ѵԸߵģ
Ӻ֪µһӣ޿ɱԵˣвȣôѡһ޿ܵѡ
ȻܵвȣΪʲô
ӴʲôѵʲôˣûʹҵԸǶΪΪҺõ顣
һ
ȴᶨٴڶߡ
һζԼ²˻ɡ
ѵһֱΪǣ


206 
ڶ, ڼùʳȥסһߵ;ϡ
ս֮صڳͬƶĹԴ, ۵ﶼΪȺĿġҲΪˣزҪǼ껻ҵ, ˶Ŀ֦
Ǿ, ȴǴδŮһϹ
ػϣڳֵ׼˵
ȲֱرƷԲ˵, ƼʵǬﾹȻơһӡֻʵó͵ռͷͱһʽף
ĳ˸λС, ЦõǴȥɽסϼ죿
һһ, ɽô䣬Ҫܲס԰ѱӹϣ˳˵
ű㣿ƲƲ죬ūҲŲҪ
һɵؿԾĴľ粻ȥ, ȥ׵ġ㴩ô㣬ɽ㡣
Ҳɻشž
һ, Ϳİ׾, רճߵȹ, ôҲɽȥġ
ūҲű㡣﷭˸ۡ
ʵҡǲˣԵؿ, ߰ѽһ㿪, ⿴ɫ, Ҳ֪뻹ǲ˵
ǵﲻ׷, ֹ˵, ؿǴ, ʱʱȥȤ, ֪ʻš
ˣҪɽˣЩ
æסֵĴСõ
ʲô𣿡ձûһᣬ̲סˡ
ʲôﷴʡ
Ů˷һѴ⣬úÿУøӸһ㣬Ƣһ㡪ؤҲУҲУҿ
Ľ㣬Ͷ˸̥ʲôÿǡ˵ңȻ׬һǮҲֻһ˴ִţҪٳһңһеġ
ҪǽʡһЩﲻˣ˵ռȫˣĺ£
ǰôǴݷ˲ͼ˸Ʒòλȫ๫
ô˵ˡغ
ǣ˾һѣС鵱ƣ㻹û㴩ôǸ˭ģ
ܸ˭ūҵ˿˳Ƶϣɤӵݷûкʵ˽ܸūңǳɾһ׮Եūڼء
֪ݷˣ׽ŪңذͲҰ׽ţʮ壿
ūˡ
˲ԼͬЦ
жݣȻһһǣס˵֡
Ժʲô£ԺǻʲôݣǶҪһ޽ٵĺýáϵ
ǵȻˣΪʲô˵ֻԥ
ūҲûŮӴݷԺ˵Ϊڶʹˣʱūҵһа񡭡
Ȼô˵ȴû˿΢飬˸ۣЦЦ
ижѣҪǸԼݿܻ鷳һ̹ܶס
ìܵУͣ
ˣϲµˡ˵
غ;½³ֵʣ
أĶأš
ͣһ׳ʯǰֳֿĻʯһһ·ҪյĻɫˣ಻ӿɽա
εĲ֮£һשɫ֮̽䡣ɽּĿ̴ֵƮ
ֻϵǻҪһɽ·֮ǰѾεص
ŲԶѵ޾ʯףüͷƤһ
ˣ߰ա££ǰĶ£˲
ﶢĵıӰĿصһҡһڵ֫ϣطʺǾǺСҡ˭
ֹһȵǽ׵ľ׷ȥ
ǰϲ£Ϊȼ⣬ɸ˺׼ߺɽɽΪһֻͨͣܺһǰɽš
һϲµǰɽظտʼɣһ룬ϲϸܵĺ顣
ɾʮ㣬һʼߵľһҲǾ𽥸ߵԽԽ
ĸŮ棬ķĺظ֮ƽأɫ
ϲȻ쳹ȺɽУڵһʯס
سȵĹ³ǰһСɳֱװҩ¨ǣһһԺƫšŨ̴㣬ظƽؿＱٵ
˭⣿ôߵʯм˾Ͳû㣬кͷһڵ
졪𴦶Ժ˵ﻹҺ˵ϲǾĴ£ǮûȾͼæ֣֣͵˸ƨԭһذɡ
ƲƲ죬۹ǰķ¡
ǵһ𣿡غ
ôæҵ᲻öˣæռʱ㡣˵
Ժ͸ҵšס֣˵ȥҽ㣬һ˵ʲô
ϵȻ˵ˣ֪Ըллػ
˲밲ϲµĴźʮһС˫ֺʮһ񣬵ʩԶˡǷҪСɮҸ᷿Ϣ
غ;ͷֱӽ״Ҳ˵ͷ
Сؼ᷿ȥ
᷿ſڣСƿ飬ؼɾӵ᷿
λʩ֮ǷҪһի
ҪҪҪ
ء
صϲµիԶǾ鷳Сʦˡ
Сţͷ᷿߳
˵իɺóˣһҪ˵ܸҵռأＤ
ŮϲµիҲիȴɽؼʱСʦ򼸷իߡ
˵նúд飬յҩ֮Ĳ̽ͣԺ󣬰˼ӣ嵭իûȥһʣһҲĥĳθ
ֻǲ֪ܽ
ȻԡҪҪ⡣
һˡ
ƿľԶܣһɮײӵĻ档տĿŮѵĽ̸˰ġڴߣһֻɫȸԺйͺͺ֦Ծ
Ȼȸɣ峺Ŀתӹʧ
ڿʲôأ𣬡ի˳ʲôأ
Ӧһ뿪;
ɫȸų򣬷ɹ¯Ʈ̣ӹһ޼ʵ죬಻ϵʯףһͷïܵɽ֡
ɽ£һӵ͵ְزĸߴͣžµŮмԡ
ӣˡ¼ݳλã˳š
Ŀⶼмϡ
Ƭ̳źһɫӰᴵƵǡ
˱ͦʹӳ޲·žȺ̶ûκʯ䱾˾ѾҫĿɽƬ
ַ³еķϣ³Ķһͣ¶֮ɫ
ĸףϲµˡ㿪ڵһĵºĸ۾㣬һǧһʮݣöӱȥա
أȥ䵭
ϻ£Χѻȸ
ʮʹӣһ˶
ꣿȾŭ΢΢ꣿ
ĸףӱȥա
ĿתؿŸķڷĶ΢΢
֦ͷԾȸһηˣֻһ¼ŵ֦ͷĬ
յʯ϶صӰ
㱳ŷϣһһɽİϲ½
һ̤žأ˵
˫ˮ⣬¶һ˿ͳĿЦ
ĸ˵Цˡ
˵ЦѵУͼ֮˵ֻǲݽ𣿡
𴽽ǣЦһ
ЦʲôϵıŭЩ΢Ť
һһ
㱳ŷϣŲȵ򴫳ɽĵط
ʵѾܹܹ峺ϴĺաԶԶģƮ޷׽̴㡣
˵ĸ˵ЦΪ
㺬ٵЦ⣬
ϸû𡣡


207 
ӭ˪, ˿Уӻƾƣ, н֭üдµʳһһֵ˳ûΪʲôҪãһȥֻû
dڳ, һһѵŷù⻬ëƤһáá
ˮϴ˵ȵ, ͣĻ̧ͷҪȥֻ
, ˡȥʰӡ
С
ͺȵ·ֹ, ȵķ򰸰, ϴظɵܲȥգ۹ܲյбɽиıƬ
ܲ΢ֶ, յչ
һսݵǴܲ·ÿкʹ塣
Ƥ, ռźԸΧͳճȵ￴һۡ
ȵӦһ, һ߸Ļ, һΪп˵Ӻܾöûйˡ
뿪ͷغֱ, ȱ, ֵǰԶ⿵ĻҲԽԽ١
ĴȻҲ, , ƺȱһЩҵܰζ
֮ǰæӦˮ, ̽޺, ʳҲﵽ, ĻԺ󻹶ǡ˵
ÿˮǣd˷ܵ
ܡ͹ϵ
ÿԴ𣿡dڴ
dĻ˵֣֮սңв˶֮ɥҺˣʮԭ֮ǰִһ֣Ǵóһ밲ϲµĺһյɽʩࡣ
ǴɩܵȵͬϲܰѸɮȻȹĵá
Ұ¶֮ͥˣʱҲ
ͻû˵꣬ȻҴҵĽŲ
һɫŵС˼ææλˣŸոմϢ͢·ˣ
͢ˣüʲôˣʲô
˲٣Ϊ׵Ǹ̫࣬˵ּģǺֱˣҪ˶ãͻᵽſˣ
һΪ͢ء
ʹˮҨһưˮŲæϴɾ˫֣һ˦ˮߣһĵ˵
ȵҲϴ֣dĲ
ֵܵţûһᣬ·ھͳһӳ
Ϳųʻͣſڵʯʨ֮䡣
һɫ԰ף°͹ӴĿϡ
֪ڽּ
ͳкţʥּ˹
dȵ¡
˻ʵۣԻ
ϳ
֪ڣ͹ңֱʸںֺ֮սº֮ͣ͡ʵ֮뷷Ϊ򴨽ڶʹϽݾһȹ˫˫ڣͱƽ
£ʹ֪
̧Ƥ̲
ڶʹˣּɡ
ּл¡
ߵͷл˫ֽӹ̵ʥּ󣬴ܵվ
ȵЦߵǰĽһҵĺɰ
λԶһˣЪһЪţһȲ裿
̵˵ĺɰѩڡ
Ͳˡ̺Цһ˼յ·Щվ˯һλ˵⣬Ǿˡ
֪ʱȥǲʱ䣬Ǵڳľ¥Ϊλӷϴ
̽ɰڣζλˣλ˸ýӷϴģȴūС
дˣͿڡ
ȴûֱӻش⡣
Цų͵ķ˹֣˵ʱˣҲûվˡȹū澻Ҫ˲ء
ͺȻɫ
һ絽̫ǰס˺ߵȥ·
˵Ĺӡĸӣ
Ǻ⣿̫ɫ
£ҼҴֻ֪еĹӣǲһֱλӡȵæǰӻͳƱ˹ȥ
̫ƱϵĿüͷɿЩ
ĸӣмɨǰĶˣܳΪӵĹˣֻһλѡ
͵һԱߵȵҲɫ䡣
ˣ
㣬˰ϲ²еڶѡ
粻ƫƫҪҲڰϲµʱҪһ𡪡
ͲҼ롣
תߵĳ嶯Ӳ̵͢ĳʧ·ڣǣ
Ҳȥȵ˵
ȥӪţиһͶ˶٣ø뿪
ȵɫһݣ˵֪ˡ
ݣ
һ֮۳ȥ

ʲôԸҺͷ˵ҪǸһÿϡ
ﻰû˵꣬ͱԱߵľˡ
˵Ͳˣ
Ϊʲô˵Ͳ飿ﲻΪҶ˵ˣҪʵԸҾ;һǧǮ⣬ʲôܼ˵ģ
ūúۣС飬ǲ˵Ͳˣ
˫۾һԵأɫΪѵ⻰Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
ɣԶﴫ˵
﷭˸ۣ㲻ˣ治㣬Ҳūҵԭ򡣡
˺ˣǱˡСʦǶի׼ˣǻȥЩʲôɡشǵĶ죬Ц˵
㲻һԣﾪȵ
ЦҲطǹһҪͷȳԣҪ˶Ҿˡ
ﻹɰʵףĸ첲˰ںһի˵᷿
ذٺŮѣźתڵľ԰ߡ
·éʱ򣬺Ȼͣ½Ų˼ؿڣˣܲ鷳һ᣿
һé֪Ҫʲô԰ǰ治Զȹȥ֮԰ұɡ
һ̰ɡ
̵ãžأѵȻ˰׽ߣ˵
˵ʲôҲԸһǰ԰ֻôӦԭص
Բģһéһ߻ͷ
鷳һҪҿӲ㣡
𣡻ÿӰɣ
ؿЦõϽȥ
Դͷظ˹ѾܾûнӴéˡ
Ϥζ˳ſƮزɺ˼ԶԶ˺é޵ľ롣
é޳һ˴һõé޸ǳϼӳ
غ޲öԼĿڱǣһ˿һζпɳ֮
ʱȴʱһӲԶ
ĸףСġ
ȴ䡣
ݺק¾ɵļ䡣
ض㲻¡Ƕϲ㣬Ҳߡ
͵ģġ
ڳĿ־塣
ض̫ˣŲŵˡ
һԶıĲŴ
˵
ضңλȥ
ػ
˿ǣ꣬õͬʱԶȥˡ޿İգֻǸŸˣӼɽ߳ˡ
ǰĳһ鼡
͸׹ǣȫѲ˿ߡ
תͷŲ·ӽµĴ


208 
۾ķ, ż
ĸףСż˵
ÿһϸĿӵķϡ
ĸ, ǰ
ˡɫ԰, Ӳ촽Ｗƶֱ, ǰ, 㲻װģ
λõĸӰһ, Ƭֱ̺, ɫƽ
ĸף¡
ӷϵĿ, š
ʮ߸ߵľ޴̨֮ϣһƽϥһ־ǰ, ˯㰲ȵ顣
ڷԱߵϹȥ
¯ﾲȼգҰ׵ӲҰ׵Ķ
ȱķע̨µˡ
˫ֺʮ, ĬĬʲô, ˫۽⡣
žأĸֺαΪ˹ȥһ˷˫
˷֮ǰĻƽŷĺ⣬ĵӵڷʺǰ
δ, ɫƵŷо档
ΪѾİ, ΪԼµĴ, ΪԼĺӷֱƽͿˡ
һһпķ, ĺȴǳ, ʹˮӿۿ, ϳˢŲ԰׵ӡ
Ϧ£ǰĹ£кŵĽŲҴұӵ÷ۡתͷȥģҰҵӰ
˫ۣʮ˫ַǰܿı飬Ҳ󵽣˿̵ıһƽġ
ǸҹȾѪذףƽؿ
ʱ˫ۻܿԶҲƽĿ⡣
ĸʲô
ƺעӣ
룬溬ڽϻδɵۣҲʵֵԸ𣿡
ۣŷ˫ϣĸһƬΪˣԸ׳Լ۾
治ʵ˵Ը
Ȼˣĸֺον㿴棬ʵ˵Ը
ϼ仰
ֽµ촽˵һֻܿؿڼٵ
ɫºͣ££ϵĺá
ĸҪڶԣ⡣ⰲϲǾøʢĹ£ĸײѾô˴κòαΪĸӼһ֮˺úõ飿
ǰ治˿֮𣿡ϲ
ջ֣ɫƽؿŷϣĸʾҪΣ
ЩЩɥˣû˿𣿡
ĸʾһظ
ޱϲı飬κεطʺϱ
ΨտķΨƽϣ¶ֻмžĿ⡣
˵Ӧö˭⣿
ҵ¬裬ѾСݳ
һ˰˵֡
ЩѾȥֵʱʼհʼºҲʼ޶ԡ
ɫ
¬ĸ׵ĲηǱӣСҹ˽ᣬʧ뾮У̰羰ʸ˲׹䡭Ǹ򡣡˶٣ɫƽҹǱӷ䣬Ὣɱ
˰֣ǾȡͲкιϵ
ááָⶼڲȻ˵Щûйϵ㵱ŷشң̽߱ˣûйϵ
޴ķ񱳺Ȼһ
ŭȴŷ񱳺󣬴վ
˵ķ̨Ŷۻ
ǰһ
һֻƤëɿݴèԱ߻ɫĻ˸һۣβߵǰһԾƵ뿪ˡ
ǲһشҵ⣿ûո죬þû˵ٴαʡ
Ӿ޴ķջߣ߸ϵظһ㣬ƽظӹϵķϡ
ĸΪκȻᵽ̽ߣ߽
˫۽äȴߺȻݰˮа޹֮һ֮ʧʹʧѣ˴£֪ȫǻߣΪ˲ʹǿҵĸ鱬ֻܰǼѹھʹؿڣŰצǧӡƽµ̽ߣΪƫƫеʱ̮ΪƫƫߵģǺ֮ˣ
˵ĸڿϧûɥ𣿡
شҵ⣡ǿ̶ʱۿָ̨ΡˮŲ԰׵ӣĸף͵ŷ棬ش̽߱ûйϵ
㿴һû˵
شңŭߴ١
ſƬڿˡ
ȼյϦİӣȴԨ̶һ⡣˫ڵڸи飬ֻʣ¾䣬ŹļҲ˿Ѻۡ
ĸǰһ仰˵ˡ
֪Ĳ֪㲻˵ˣֻĸһˡ
ҽЩͳͳ˵ȥأһߡ
ĸ˵˭㵭Цˣĸ׾˭һಡӺլĸˣµһӣ
ߵǰӷԸǿз˻ķϡ
ĸ׷ģԸԸΪĸػҪԼ˫Ҳϧ
ӷ𡪡
һŴӵ⴫
ϲµķģڷǰ˵ͷһ
ʩТĿɼΣݼ汸µһ֮
ȥۣתԷɣһ
˲űֺεºռµһ֮޶ѣɲص档
ɿǰ꣬꣬ԡ
ʩǫˡЦһǧһʮݣԱäĸɽģ˵һˡƾ£ƶɮ֪˵
Ҳعģɿվڸ󣬵ͷڵݵķϣϲ˼䳣£ʧ֪ǸѭǽһĿ飬ʩҲຣ
ϴվţһ
λʩʱûпһźɫȹŮʩʡ
δ˵
Ůʩʧλתһɿ̨΢΢ζĻ˺᷿ȼˣЩȥ
ɷġ˵
Ϊλʩ׼˴ֲ赭λԶի߰ա
лɡ
ӷ𡣡˵λϹˣһͬǰȥ᷿ɡ
ˣ鷳ˡ
ת߳ŷϣ뿪˴
˵ĽŲԶȥ
һ΢紵׼žĴһػҽȼһϵ䣬¯ˤ÷顣
ɫĻ΢ζһž̶Ұ׵ӳڷ񱳺
ر񣬵ڱĵϡֻź;һꡣ
̮̽ʣδٻ˵̰ӡ
֪ɰʧԾȻٻػ̽ߡ
벻ϾɥĲ֮ˣ벻˻ԭδ򡪡µһӣ㡣
ɷˮ֮ʧȥһݵ£յǣľżһ˿߶ѵ¡˵ԵɣΪǸˡ
ǡǡ෴ǰ޿ޡ
ûΪ֮䷶ĵһӣȻǸΪ˴ĿĲֶΣϧٻ̰ӣݰͿ̿аħ
Ӧ뿪˫ȴ֮У޷԰Ρ
һʪܵĺɰЩ߲ݵҹڵһ߿һŬõֽϵּ̽߱ԺⲻʱѰҵۿ޺ЩݻƵӣΪ޵̶ϵЩ˺ܶ࣬ܶࡣ
ôȥ
ôʧȥ˺ѡ
ôˣԲ֪
ˮûݣδȫũﱻ̼ͣںˮ֮Ⱦ߲
֪˲ҾģǷµµһӡ
벻Ҳ벻
ĸ׾˭һಡӺլĸˣµһӣ
ûˡ
شţһ㡣
һٵĽŲ̤˵ڣͣٺ󣬾ֱ̨
̧ͷؿŷԾ̨ͣǿ̶ʱˢۿ
͡ʵ
ͳǰһ뻳С
ͣȴĵı
Ӷˣʲôÿ޵ģ
ظҪոĻתǰȻͳϤ
֪û뵽ҲǾ֮ˡ


209 
ĽŲ̨
ػӲ, ־߬סҪ࣬ŵҲͣˣʶǰ͡
˵ʱʱ, ͵ˢس, ³ص½ڸӰ̨µһɲ, ͵ؽԼС
žڷ
סһգ۶ˡ
ԭˡʲô仯, ״˵, ֪ӦóΪڶʹ, ڶʹҰȤҺͼĸˡ
ͷ, Ը㣬õڱֵǰ档
ڼ֪ˡŸ㹰˹, ٺЦ, ¹˵֪˼ҼҳԷû뵽áҼܵ, Ļɲ࣬鲻Խ͡ð˲֪, ¡, ֪˵Ҳˣ
һĴȣûڵô, ΪǶģû׼ӣ
㲻ϲŭ, 䵭Ŀϵÿһ˿仯
û׼, ׼ʲô
һƥ
һƥ
һƥ͹ˡ, ڸΪǰ䣡ͦţֱ׳
˵ĺ⣬ˡĸ˫۲㣬Ҫ˽չˣɽ·Ҳˣ˻ԼɽȥաɨۣŮӰڵ壬˫ʶĽϡ
ƺǸܵĿ⣬˫ЬСܾӣȹڡ
˻ʲôܲܡͲ˼Цš
Ȼ
ջߣתȥ
ظһڷſٴ
ˣոտһֻè
رǹúҪͣˡ
Ҫʲôѵ
Ҫ뿪Ĵ˴Ӧûشû
ػͷԷ籩Ѿֵػشˣ
ҰèȥˣҸոʱǽϿֻġ֪Ҫҵһֻ
Ƭ̺󣬸Ҫҵֻ
תż߳˷
͵˸ͼ
ûмèȡڸոڲڷڷǷ׵Ļ˿̵ķӦӦͬһΪȶԷзӦϵͺɣ㣬ԥش
Ͷſ˰Σˡ
ٺĺ³ؿڣڵϣȡͷ۶
ǰ£ӡ
Ķȥ
ر᷿λãԼûվ͸ɴغᱧȥ
ۣסԼӡ
᷿Ȼһ󼦷ɹ
һ;֪ǰ˴£Ҳ͹صŮҲΪոյʧٶòУ׷ʲô¡
ط˺ôŰǰ
ѻһͿغ;
ΪʲôĴľ¶
ûûæ˵ҪǱ֪ˣ۾ڡ
Ǿ˵ʲôΪʲôҪѣΪʲôѺϵˣһ⡣
ԼŮѽͣǰڷһˣΪ˲öԷϳͱУһԧҰϵϷ롣
û뵽ԭĴľĽͺת̬ȡ
ҪҪ㲻ѣ˹һȫˣһۣūֲǲ֮ͨˣֻҪˣūеæ
ɡػԥҪ鴫ȥ
ūһѸǵԣﲻΪȻûĳȥūھ͸㻻
ûһŤͷ᷿߳
ȷϹԸں;ﻥѡ
㡢࣬յūҴһѵӡ
ͬʱҲڵɽ
ھϺ࣬ϣǰؿճôһ顣
ر˵սࡣ
û¶ڰοǰ˵Ȼز˲Ŭûϵ
Ŭ¶ʣҪôŬУ
ҪǰӾѧϰС֪ʶ̸͵Ĵߴ٣ǻûУ
ߴߴߡŵ˲𰡣û
ٵ˲𣡡͸飬Ҳֵôãй𣿿ɱ˵˲˲𣡡
㻹Ҹ͵ҼطûǸСӣ
˰ǰ¶ܲܲˣ
Уնٹǧ꣬Ҳǵ͵ǼطȥѼ
˳ֵʱغ;ﶼѣߵűߣ߸¸ҽеѼš
طΪʲôѼͲ˵ˣʲôõģѼ
ѼмãҪǵҵѼ͵ˣ
ŲǼֲֹѼӷ֭طȥѼ̣
Ž࣬ΪѼˣ˵˲ܷһط
ͬС
ץʱ䣬ھɽ˵һһᣬɽ֮͸ظңʱڲҪ¶ˡ
֪⻰ҪǶԼ˵ģӦ
סһ·Сɳ֣Ҫ֮ǰʩñԴϺʱ·ɽûիˣȫʳװ
׼֣ǿڻس̵·ϳի
ǣ˳
ˣС鲻˾˭ʲôԨԴ
ﻰͱһӡ
ȻǲϲǵȲϲˣǾͱ˵ˡҪ˼ūҡ˵ūҽһ磬û磬ءпūడ˹ȻŲá
ʲôˣȥעȻǺԼڰϲ¼棿
˵ϣһ׷ʣͰѶصʸӵԺ
Ǹ˭ôʶģʵ
ػδѾѡ
еע£˵ԭί
ǰʱʶһˣƺھӪְôūҺþãūҿƷòȥҲ޷ǸҽҪϲ㡣Ǵˣ֮˼ˣ˵ԼҲݷԸūһΪūҵ˼û뵽ƿһϸ죬һĨȻˣһûгɹ׵ӣȢѸţȻҲһٵͷ˰ɡ
;ƽʱҲ٣ʱȴ˵ЩûеҪҲգ㿴ңһ˶ңڣ
һ۵㲻ҲڳҲ׸𣿡
ҵҳʲôҪҵңҲŲأ
ﳳֵܰճذ羪֮顣
ģҲʼŮѵˡ
ͬһʱ䣬һֵĭȵ
ѽͷôˣѵȱţһ͹ˣ£ڴܣҪǲߣҾȢϱȢϱǾͶ㣡
˵˲оǲУһЦеȵһ̬ذڳСʱ¹䵭飬ھӪʱ˭뿪
޶ôôʣȢϱͲȢϱţŵĹٻԽ˵Խţתȫ񻰣õ޶ӲߣˣСŶ϶ԭˡզ㣬Ҷֵܻ˵ҪɩˣСŶûӣúӣˡ
ţԭشתȵü˵ţ磬㲻ҲҪˡҪʵڵȲס
ţɴԲ۾һڴؿ
ȥи˸㴫ţԼȻؼңԼ
ԼԼˣţĴȣһźУ޶ҪȢϱˣ
ȵŶ䣬ĿͶƽľӪţзƱá
ĬĬ׽Ǹ֡
һΣŹᡣ


210 
ڼ, ؿϦû³
Ϳ̲סѰ˵ʱͻˡ
Ҵ߳ӭ, ںԺº
˹ͬңԹϷź, ̲סżɽʵɣ
֮̽һ, Ӧûδȫšû˿ɫڷ񱳺󾿾ʲô
˼ĸŵĶԻҪһ顣
˵̽ʡ
ʼĶᶨĿֱ˵һС
ôһ㶼Ծע⵽ƽɫ
ͳĬƬ̣˵֮̽߱, Ҿġûи㣬Ϊû֤ݡ
û֤ݣ˵ƾ
͸ԨԴ, ˵ᱻΪڲֶڮС
οΪɵ˷
شվ, ƿԡ
֪ĿΣû֤, û˻µһɥĲаħ
佨赭дѹٱ顣
һ˵ȥ, ˭ֻأ
ͺȻͷϵһ¡
ˣͰҵĴϸˡĵ, ˳˵ںӱ, вʪЬġֻ񣬾ܻˮһ졣ʱ򡭡
ʱ򣿡
Ц, 
ʹˮ, ûٸɹ
֪Ϊ, ͷؾѼĹ棬̲סΪЦ
ˣ˵ϣ˵ġ𣿡ͷȵָȥëմȾỨסӶǰ棬ۺʱҪš
ижգҲգؿ˵ͷá
Ӳ˲۾Цݵ˰ɣ˵õĴҲû׼׵ȥԣ
¶Ǹ⣬˵Ҫһ÷ˡ
ҪȥĶؾȵ
Ҳμӽҹھ;¥硣
һ󲻰ֻ㣿
ݹ͵غ𡣡˵ļ׽𣬺ǶҪˡأ
ںԺ᷿
ʱλ˸ؼˡ
˵ţԺȥæϣ᷿
ųȰڴϣؾʹӴ
û꣡ƱҲˣʲôʱŷߣ
ڡ
ȥżһߴµѥ˵
Ͻϣھߡ
ļٵģĿɿڴĥҵ𣿰ҷߣٴϻң
Ӳ֪ʲôغͻ˸ҪǲߣǾ㡪
شЬԶ
˵ģܷڣٰҴˣܾ۾ǿ󻹾ﲻŤͷصãɿˣ׿˵ҪߣҪ·и̡ǾͶȻֽţǧҪΪұ𰡣
ƨһŵرĹҲŪе㵣ģǰ˵ٻǰοİɣȻǰ˵˷㣬һᷴڡ
һôġ
Ͳͷֹ鲶׽ŭ˵ʲô
˵˸磬ǸϽ߰ɣȻ͸ϲʱˣ
һѹסĲӣȥ
ֻͰЩİ鱻ڸ첲£ձԵСС
㡢ſңٲſҡҽˡ
˸ôô裿ϵӦ׽׽
ޡȿȿȣ
޹İ鱻ǿˡ
صǵؿǵıӰ
ǻŵġǿƨģҪؼңûôס

鱻ͼڸ첲£Ī
ʲôʱɿңŲһĴ֣ܻ
˸̫ˣô죬ǻûúҳءĲӲţеЦݣ˸磬øô
ʲôôһֵؿȻã˭ҪԼףãұһɲѼʺϡ
ԭˣѼʺ֣ؿ
ѼʺѼʺɣǹʺС
ò͵Ľͷ⣬ɵ⾿ҪȥĶҪôֱ߷ԽԽˣ
˵һ˭׵ˡ
תͷͰΣ͵ײţҪʻĳȥ
ۼֿ죬һѽ˻
һƨҵϣֻ׳ֱֱ˺ϡ
㡢ſ߿ȱ˵
˸ôˣѵһλ˭׵𣿡
ҲҲɫҰףҳǣ
ôñ˸һ˳ǣôңȻǸŵ֪µĳһ뿪ðȫ˵㻹ῴ׼˵ķϣؼء˵
뵽Ǹ棬ĺҪֹͣˡ
㡢ҡһ˵ӽˮˣӣ
ƨͳҵŶûӵӣ
⻰͸˵ȥ³
Ҫ³ϸ첲ϸȵֵס͵ֻһֻ֣Ͱΰλϡ
ʲôѵһб˸类Ե
ΣеҲȥҪԼȥ
ˡڲͷǶһϵƣӺãòŻãǰ׼ҲܺáҪƲһܣھܰɡ
ɿִ֣˫ԼλãȸӣͰѸ׼ҴӡƱ
㡪
дʱ׼˵ǡֻŲţǾͲ˵¶ˡǣʵ˸λµһӵ˽⣬˵ʮԭƱô룿
鵹һ˳β׵Ϻ󾱡
ô룿
һ֧Ķʮԭ˵Ǳȸģ𣿱˵ˣԼλ˼һʱ䶼ỳɰ׼ǲ֪飬ʮԭŮ
㡭ҪʮԭΪŵͣ·δʶˡ
ЦһɫȻɢ⣬ڰУѾʹǰȫͬ
˸磬벻룬ǰ׼ҶһҴˡ˵һ룬ҪҪҳһٷ
ϵ˳ź󾱵ߡ̱ϣ˺ðβŴӺＷ
Ҫô

;¥һȴһĴţֱҹĻ¥Ŵ˴š
Ҫ÷ƵĿ˱Сܣò߿
һ򻪹ˮͣھ¥ſڡ
ȵ͵Ĺⱦĺ¥
¥һ¥ɾտζ䣬¥ƻͨȶŷţΨּ件ЦﲻϣӰӳգͣڲ԰׵Ĵֽϡ
λ費ַơΪϹλڲ֪µˣףۼ֤ʷ׵һ
ǵ֮ǰ˵ЩʾʱȴһŵʺĲӬ˹ȿֺ׳ʳòʾŮĽѾãҪӴŮġ
µһӵͷôã
ףЩӵװסֻԺлʱһƤ
еһ룬ļ׽ƱԪ۵Ĺͺʾл
ǶǴܹϱº͸ӣǵҰӪҾ¥ͬʱҲǾ;¥˵ĳү
ľе³үһƨ˺󣬲ĵصһǣǮӣǷĵúܣ
͵ˣ֪Ҳһĳ硣һμʱ֪Բ˵Ҫ͵ġ·ˡһ棬֪ȸ͹˸󰲡
ּʹСˣûҪͬһƽϣװǰ߲ȵʱģԼס
֪ҲĲ֪µƥϻôλԼ̻Գݣ˰죬ֻһ䣺˵͢ƺⶨ֪һأ
һ˶Ⱨź档
޲ط¾յҪڣһ󼱴ٵıӾ¥𣬲Ƭ̣Ųͱ˴һ߳ŭ˵
󵨣֪˭ÿǵ֣ӿɲʡ͵ĵƣ
һĿͶȥ
͵ԴеľƱһ
Ҫ
̩ɽǰɫµһӣδԼɵˮʲô顣


211 
ǰ, ü¥׷ļۣͱ˵ڵϲİ顣
˵
λӸλһϸҲ
ص, Ȼ͵ۡ˵Ŀʱϡ
װһ֪ӣ¾Ʊߵǰ¿ȥ
֪ʶˣ;ȵ
..
㲻Բ
ͳ¥º˺úô
ȵ̧ͷ¥ϿԶԶ˹, нӹ飬߽˾¥
¥ʱ, ֺţһԲĸ㣬˫־ϲؽ÷򣡡
δ, ͨһǰ˸ʺ
ջϥߵĽ, Դǵ֪˻, ﰲʲôģ
㡪Ҳ̧ͷ, һϵŭס
üǰ, Էڵϵİ, ֪˾顣
˾ʲô, Ҫ׷ϣ
Ҫ, һ䵭Ҫ˵Ļ
ʵ, ķ, һϢ
䶼ڱԼ, ÿһ, ֶ˵Ŵ˺ϵǳ
ܽи㡰÷򡱵ˣмˣ
һЩĹ, ֪, Ҫ˵ֻܱһᡱ
֪ҲΪ
û뵽, Ϸͷ˾ʻԥ˻˺һգ֤ȷ䣬߾񡪡ֲ¶ʵݣʵڿɣҸУʡ֪˲õģһִջܺһ
ѽ
֪ȶҪĶϣɸֵؿͷѼ޲Լ󣬳裬ҷԴͻ֪µΣݲ½󣬻ɸΪ񲯣ȫò֪µۣȻƽƣ
һϸĹٳӦ߱Ļ
Ϸʲô£ôõıȻᣬڲҪҪ
˵˺޹գд£㿴顣
ԩá
Ͷ˶ż⡣
ɿĿڵӣ
֪ʶˣ֪ʡ
ݰϵĹӣδӵı顣˵
͵͵ľ
ݰ֣̻ɫ䡣
飬˵˺޹ƽô£˵
ԩԩ
ԸĴһѣʵ麬ۿһȻı顣
ԩʲôˣ˵Ų֪˵棬ʵ˵䵱Ķǲܵģ
鲻鲻Ըص˵ͷ
;С˴Ȼڵؽաǲǣ
ǡ鲻ԸسϺ׷ӵģǶҲвԣ˭ԽңҰʣҲҵģ
ԽĸȻ
ͽŸϵı飬ϵƵȥˣŹļڳһ˿Ѻۡ
Խͬ
·ʸڶ˵ĵðһһѽ˰ٴǧΣһӲͷƤ鲢ï
¶˵ҲɣһǰҷҸ֮ڶѲ̣Ȼյ»㱨һƻĻ﷢˰ϹΡԱϺ֣ǵ游Լ๤֮һԽʧһ꣬游ĸ֮ɼҲıõİΣһ·Ų飬Ѱ
ǽεľǶҺԺϢȴҳʲô⣬˭ģûа취ų²߰ңǻôҲûٸ첲Ȱɣġڰѱÿտ𣿣
֪ڵĶϴȣǰ
ݰϵĹӣº׼պ϶ļ̳ˣ
Ϊһ̵ƽ񣬵ôһ
˵ôһΣֻش˶̶һ仰
Խںδ
ֻ֪εŮסƽ壬ûüȥͱġ
黰û˵ֺ꣬ȥ
⡭
ͻȻϯǰڶɫ죬ͺͰ˸񣬺׷˳ȥȵҰҰӣ
Ҽԣĳԣԡ˵֪һˡȵ
ڡȵվ˳
вʱע⵽ȵĴڡ
ǰզզǰע⣬һֺ߽ŵȵˡڲſȵòˣٶӽüͷ¶һ˿Ӷ
ȱ˰ף뵽ǿʧȥĹϡǶŵĴٹǵһĥ
ȵͶĿӶĿתؿǰ͡
֪дˣȥһ˸ϡ
֪Ȼݵϲúúãߣ¹ٶȻдλˣ
ûͷľ֪תֺ߳Ű䡣
ŸͰո·ųƨɣԸǣһƥֱ׷ȥ
֪ˣ֪ˣ
İ鿴۸Īı飬̽ƿ˳
Ĭԡ
ôҲˣԼ裬Եûʱ
Ҳ֪ƽô𣿡ͷʡ
ֱ׳Ҳ֪ӿ϶֪ǲǰӣ
תͷһϵɫ΢䡣
ľˣ㲻֪ƽĶ
㲻֪ͷº仰
ˣϳɡڿڡ
нֹøٷԸһ֣ǰݳӾؽͣ
³ϵͣˣҪ𣿡
жشû£ֱӴϷϣһ
ʼ磬µƥҲ˳ͷ
ݡ
٣ƽ·ϡ
ˣ㲻ÿǰ·ߴ𣿡˵
ŷ룺Ѽڳݳôˣ
һЦĶôӣ·ڲˡƽҲֻڵͼϼͼϣһ·
Ĭˡ
ŷ룺Ѽȥûȥ͸ָ·Ҫߴ·ҲԴ
Ȼֻµĺ˼롣
˽֪ĵ¿ģȻ˸̡
ֵܣ㻹ҵ˵
һ飬ֵŵò
Ѽʲô
ֵܣƽʱûǧѰõһпѰԽټģ֮ǰΪʲô˵ҲʲôƤĹҪ˵壬ֺαץι㼸պ⣿
һС˵˷ĵϧ
Ҳͦġ
ֲʶ㣬ô֪ŲŵùҪг⣬͸õң
ֲ֪ݣֱӷ㲻Ǿͱɹ𣿡˵˻ʲôУǲ
㿴һۡ
֪ΪΣÿ˵ֵʱڶһ¡
ʱ׷
⴫ѸԽԽĿڣֺ߳ŵʱж༤ж޲һͲɵƽ壬жأжôϣͨƽ·ܳһЩٳһЩ
ʱ˼źֽ
ԺֱײĸͷΪȫȥƣϳһ䵭ľ뵡
ˡ϶˶Իڵĵ֮ҵ
ûڵĵ֮ҵ˳͵֪Խô䵽ݺݵı߽ȥһ˹ͺͺɽ⣬ҲֻǼӣɽмˡ
ɫ΢΢ȥ
Խһ꣬Ҳ֪˶ٿ࡭ûϵͻһת̧ͦͷ׷֪֮ǰѾԸȥõĲֽõĳʳõѺΡȫȥ˴ŵĿջֻ֪ӭع¹ѾΪ׼ˣ
Ͳһ㣬ž˵ţҲܶ渵ͶǷ䵭
һԿţ˵ģеĽǿ
ˣһĴȣȻͳһոµָ˵ط껭棬ôȱأҲ¹Ϊ֪׼ģ
㿴ֺõЦݣźۼջ֣˳Ȼµϡ
Ψ֪İ֪ǿΪʲô
Ķ׼ԽģǸһԽѶĸ׼ģ
ĬĬŲƨɣԶһЦݵ͡
˰Ů˿¶ˣ


212 
ƽ䵱ŮǷΪԽ֪, شġ
ǲ֪ˣ¹Ȼȵĳ̾˿ҪҺŮʧɢһط, мʮ̽Ҳһܷȥ
ߴ䵽ϣһ˿˫ŵ
˵ĸŮˣ
ĸŮˣȻҵķˣ
˵̹ȻηλǸƽƽ, µһԭδԽ˵һû, İȴ޲õ
͵򣬸Ҳйš
, ˵Ҳ򡣡˶, ˵, ûеĹ䡭
ԽԽ, û˵ͱ˳Ĭ
֪û˵ĻʲôûеĹ䣬Ҳ
뵽˴͸еһŪ˵ûй, ˳޸µһӵǷȽոҸ
ǰûй, Դӱʻ, ҲƶĴ𰸡
ʮ̽˺֮񡣡˵
⻰һ˿, ֻеڷ˲⡣
ڷ, ȴصͷŮһѵ, ǸȻһ㡣ʲôèèƻ, ȫΡ
Ȼ, ˵շΪΣ
ͺٺЦⲻǡ˶᷸Ĵ𣿡
⻰ˡ˶᷸Ĵ
ҿ֪ڴʲôա
֪ѵûзһʱ֮ʱ򣿡һ̵ı顣
ȴĦȭƣʱ׼Ű¶ķһһؼٻȥͼӴ׵תء
ѻһڵˣ
ȻͲһ
˶ѻǾӣȻĻѼ
С
ſһգ¶һĨȻ
ʲôʱ򣿺ʲôˣͺ޲ԼĶĺϡ
ƴɫ޲⵨Ѽ졣
һʱ֮Ǳһʱ֮˵ˣʵ̫ˡ
㿿ڳϣ䵭ɫбۣȷʾܾ֮⡣
ۣϥǺݺײһ£ϱӣ
ͺԥײ˻۵ðûסг
գѼһƽϣ
ˡ
ȻڵĸͺͰ鶼ͣ˰
ĵؿ˫صĸ㣬Ϊ˰С
˵ͷʧɢط꣬ʹʮ̽ҲܿԽȥ
ԣ˵ġôˣ
Խʮ̽ѣѵǡԽԼ
⻰ʲô˼ü
ȴٿڡ
ǰֳһźģģС̽Ѩ޺Сӡ
һ곤ҵĵķ䣬ץסҲٺʹǰһ
ӣӵĲǼ硣
ӵģ˷ǡ
ϣȥ·½棬δʱյ㡣
С;ǵĶ飬ϤһĵصǰΪ·
ԽԽƫԽԽڷһɽͷͣƬ̳Ĭɵӳ𣺡ȷƽ壿
ˣȵȷƽû
Ѿ΢İ°һ㣬ȻѣѾˣ
ӡصųˣ˵ƽ嵽ˡ
ۡ
ηʶĻ棬ԼҲ˵壬ڴĻʲô
صº󣬸һ۾һƬ
̫ˡ
Ӧеļ͹УԼũǴ׺ˬĴɤţʲôû
ʵֻš
ޱ飬ȴˡһĸоؿڣ˿Ӻڰ³ĵزסġ
þûж鲻ƴڻ˵ʲô֣ƿ˳š
ӳ߳˳š
ڳһĿգҲգؿǰ̵ֱıӰ
ֱߣȥҲ֪ʲô
ɵ硣
վڳͷһԲµҲи
һ󺮷紵㴹Ĺ졣
ŵĿɨǰưܵľ
ƽںδ˵
ӡսսػش𣬡ƽ塭
ƽ壿ʡ
û˻ش⡣
ֻи̮Ĵַ뷿֮鲼ŢСһŢƣżŢ֮һƬϡ
ʱ󣬴ȵôĵӣǴƽ壬Ǵʲôطˣ
ˣƽ塣ȵͷҾ֣ƽ̽߾̺ƽ塣
γĬ󣬸㿪ڵлҴ𣿡
ȵʼյʹͷĿ̶Ҿǰ˫ϡ
ƽش͹ȣ̽߾̺ΪһƬ󣬾ݱְ֪ûҴߡ
һԼͬرźսľؿųĬԵĸ㡣
̵Ŀѹ˼㣬·ʱȻ
ıȻôƽûз֣ԭƽҲܴ˿־塣
ΪΥԵƽ
һ̣Ȼ˱ԸѡҲȥԭһ̣ܵ˸ϼ̺صαװ
αװ̫̫Զڸˡ
ӸϣܲκӦڴʱܵĶҡ顣
ˡ׹ű
¹ڡ͵ͷȥɫֳС
ˣɷһã
Ȼ֪˾ܷԸ
Ҫǰƽȫһ飬Ѱܹ֤Խݵ֤ݡԽ˶٣ƽֱ޲˵ҪˣҪʬ˭ҵԽټͰ
ĻüžıСӷ
һӣԾ˵һʾ޴ĺƣ̾Ͳסȳ˵ŢĴַ
ʣµ£Ӷ˽ȥ
ת˳ڣûпκˣžôعˡ
鳯Ͷ񡪡ѼûҪô죬ڸһϳˣϡͿĲ֪úȥδӣҪϳڵĸͬһңɱɡ
ȻѼֵظžʿȥҲЩϡ᲻Ūϵѥ
Ҫסͼվڴµز֪ӸǶӹʲôҲˡ
鿴Ž²Ⱦո½ѥҧҧ׷˹ȥ
ȵңȵҡǵǵȵȱӰ
ԽԽԶֻʣƥʪӣϢ
ɽżȸһУȴƺˡ
㿿ڳϣ˫ۣϥϵָսϥϵۡ
ôɡ
и˵
ճ߼ӹ֮ӦԶαɿƵľ֮ӡھܣǰȫĲ֮ءοȻʺͰ׹Ȼ׼ȴԽڡ
ô룬ص·߶ݷ
ǣӾܵݵһ·ɳ֣ûдκμĵϢ
ճ֮¶ˮһ޺ۼʧˡ
ĵѾˡֹһεô롣
ΪԼƽؽʵ
ֱʵǰ
մƤӳʵǰ
ϰ⼣ǸɺԵѪĿĵظƤϡ϶ĺˮʪ˺ļһᣬֻϳһǧ֡鱾ѹһв㣬һԲεСֻвԿײܴ򿪡
Ǳһдġǧġ
ÿһ֣Ϥÿ̹ġ
ǹɱӵ˿սˣסĺ߬׹
޵׵Ԩ׹䡣
綼ˡ
ӶĻߵ㣬ǿȴչغ濾Ƭۻɭɭ׹ǡܱߵɽѻȸ޶Լͬض紵ɽֵӴ̶
ʬأ
һٵĳһûˡ
ǰ˫ֳеȵͷ
а׹ڶ࣬ܵҰ˺ҧٻԱǷԽ
ҡ˵ѷԽŮʬҳ
ھʿһ㶣վŲ
иӴģվһ䣺ڵµġҲҪҳ𣿡
ڶ£ȴŻĺ
ߡϧޱ飬


213 
֦ͷ, õʬƮɢڱĿ
ƽǰĿյϽڷŮʬҵ׵¹һɴһŰ׹ǵϡ׻壬úǰȻͬ, ϵĲ϶򳤾ýݻȱ, Աϡ
ڳ֮һ϶ƿĿ⡣
ǾׯʬˣЩŮʬɿݺڷʱʱֵװ׵, ʱսǵĳ
Ѫľƿ, ʿĸȴĿת
߹һһŮʬĿǸó̶ȲһӺϳͣפ
㾲Ҳ, յҹһŵķĹ
ͺȵֱվ, Ŀҹɫ޵ؽ㡣
ڹۿŮʬʱѾ¹صİ龫㱵ߵ, һǿԼȥϵŮʬһ˿ʣһ׼ģ
ǡͶ˶촽, 
ɫ, ˫Բɣ;Ȼ׼ôִپ͸
찡
©ˮ, ڻ˸ĺ¥ܲУ
ûĵӣڱŮʬĸϡ
ʱִ, ֻü׼кдǧġ͵Ը, Ҫûʱ׼ʬ, ˵صǧˣصƨֽøµһ
鼱֮׼, ƭ
һĹȻҹɫļž
һȵӵľǺոӴѾһһҹ, ûۻ, һһҹǲæѰԽæھԽʬף˵һһһˮûüȹ
üͷҪڣһ
ǼԽ͵ɵ˿ܳ͵Ӱ죬ˮȥˮжȥԶʲôûеĺ˯һᣬһʱϵ
ʿظ׷߻ԼƥǰȥŵˮҺ͸
ؼ״ҲͲٶ˵ʲôֻĵεĽڶʹֻһʲô˵ʲô
ڴʱһŮʬǰͣ˽Ų
һߴŵҺɫѵŮʬϿó̶ȺŮʬ£ֻھŮʬʱͣ˽Ų
Ͳס˺ضŸһһ
Ƭȹڣվ˴ҺɫѵŮʬǰȡһǵĺ
ϹһЩĶһССԿҲС
Ѿ˿ˣԿ䵽׾ġ
ú
ȵӹӣǰ
Կ׵ݸͲ˼ΣȥһЩ͹ƽ󣬶׼ײ˽ȥ
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˶٣ʶ۸㣬ޱ顣
СתԿס
һвϵ
ˣһ뾪һؿ㣬˲ǧ
˶ͣ
ԸģˮģĿСģȫⲻͬѰļžп˸㡣
վֱ壬ЦȥڵͫǸһӰ
֣ӼвóһֻΡ
顪Ȼڡ
ŵһ飺ڣ
Ƿ׼ҹ˵
æǰ
ĶϤˣ׷һԶݣǺȵ֮صĶκ֪٣ڸŵľһԶеһ
鶨˿϶ûҰ׼ϹĶ֮һ
ȷͳ
ȷΪ
һɰµһŵĶα߶Աȡ
ֻһģһĶ¹
Ѿ뾭ḻİ׼ҹˣҲʹ˵չһٵĹŮԽǴԶγģƴԼֻĶʮʳһ游֪ԼϵļҷֿӯۿһʹϵŮʬãǻˣ
˵ǰˣԼ˵һ߸˼µʬס
˱Ƕʬʬ䶯ͷƤ飬óƽķӦŮʬǰһͶأźݺʪϡ
۰
鱻ǰŨҵʬѬòᣬǱһıʹ飬˵ɥҲ֡
ܺöң˵Ŀʼղϡ
µһ£ԽҲʱڽͷСĴС
Ŷ塪׼ҹӴûмԽж
Ӧñʹѵģ÷ĻԼ߸㡣
ȻԤ룬ϵıʼûб仯һؿŵϻҺɫѵŮʬƺδܽͬԽϵ
ȷ˼ϸõʬףͬСЦкϵ
ĿУ˴䴹䣬մȾǣ˫ִŮʬ£ؾʧġӣУŮʬȥ
ʬϷ׷׵䣬δرʬ
ӣҰɣ
ػ׷ȥ
һƹһƵأŵļžбŮʬ
ʬˮŪ˫֣ڳոȴǴŮʬ˿ﻬ䵽ϵˮ
ʬ帯ѾãѪһ
űѪȾɫգҲգؿǰĿµŮʬǰֵģȴǵһ档
ԽţõϦ£ݺϵ鱦һԡ˫治֪µۣеӣ߹˳Ⱦ
Ϊ´μ棬ڲ֮
ΪģֻΪ
֪ѵûзһʱ֮ʱ򣿡
ƽ׷ĪĴǵͿ
û뵽ǿų֮ģñΪߵɳϧҲҪȫ꣬аţҪ֮¡
Ϳ
ûﳤƶ
һоıһаͰ࣬ӳ͢һ̿ʼ˹켣
һ̣ȫֱ
ȥɡૡ

ؼæӦ
ˡȻ˵
ͲŲæ֪кηԸ
֣
赭дһ仰ڳ˵ĺ֮һ͡
ͺȵֻܱƽѾӺĳˡ
ͶĲɫ糣
û˭
νĺһÿһѶʹ޴ڡ
һж÷Ψһʱȴֱ治Լʵ⡣
ڻڣֻҪ֣ͻᱻѳ롣
ΪǺޣ֣ǺĻ֦ʹѵ
֦ӵÿһطů΢͸ȴֻʣһҽ
͡䱦֮ˡ
ȾѪ۵ڸ𽥱Σͻļ츲׵ָϡ
ӦҲƽ壬Ҫҵ
˪һ¹ڵϡ
óһһٵ
ҡ
..


214 
, ɡ̲ס˵
ţ֮رŮʬһ
ҹ㾲
¹ʹ, żžĴء
ҵĹâղҹ֮˵ǰ·
ӡ
ӡ
һĺǰ֮·, Ӷ־ֵֿͨ¡
λ꣬ĿתرŮʬ߽ŴԺԡ
ڿյĺԣСڴϡ
ֻϵ, ȹ䶯һֻǽְ䡣
ҪЩʳѪĶŬµİɫ·ð
ùˮͽ, ׼һϺõѡơ
ŵ漴Ӧ, ԸɫԺеŮհ졣
һ, ˮͽӾ͵Է
ٴαСðĹˮ
һ, ˷, ĳζ, 治ɫӲϵѪۡ
˹ˮĽӰƤҴ䣬Ҳ԰׵ֺ糯
ְ, һֽ¡
ӿʼ, ɡ
ڵҰ, һƳһЦȴԽǰ
һˮ뷺ˮ, 㡣
ָ, ȵĹָ΢
Һˡ˵
Ϊ, ʱ˷ǡԶ˵ʱ
Ϊ, ԭֻΪ
Һˣض

صսľſڣֱﴫһġ
ľ߽ζӣȥڴϵӺԵǾ߰׹ǣüĿһ
˭׼ѣ
æ򴨽ڶʹѣһЩںԺⷿˡӦӦʱŮϲĿʽģЩɫ⣬ȥﲼׯȡѻ
㿴Ҷѵ˵ˡ
زͣ´ҴҵĽŲ
һΣϲ߰ա㸧ƽ½ϵ壬˵׼ô
عӣѾ׼ˣ⣡
ȥɡ
صĿ⵽̲סɨϵʬǣֹԥƬ̺Ȱ⣬Ҿֵ

һιϺ󣬸㿴浾һ˵
Ѿܱˣô
شģֻš
յһδˡ
㱧Ű׾ʬ߳ںڵѥŲȲҰ׵¹⣬ͣʱѰĹǰ
ʬ餣
ضίˡ
׹ǳĬԣ˳ؽһаţϵǳѣΨһһΡ
ʱ̫Ѿԡ
ıȥ̫֮λֵ̫֮ӿʼɵûŵԣվ˻ʵǷ谭ҵĻ¡
ǰһո̫ӳƿգϿ糺ѡ
ôɵ峺ۣ˵Ѽ⵱顭
Ϸˡ
֪Ϸ
ڹԻ·׾ߡűĹ餣һʯͨڹ餱ߣµָҪݵĹ
߸ϵƲнˡ
΢ɢһƽɫĹĻ
һŲӰ˿ⷿĴš
㲽УĿɨĿȹñԼɫνɴĥ֡ÿһͻ̲סϲ˫Ķ
ʹʵĶ
ߵɴǰһȹŮͯĥ֣ȴѪ˿֮ǰ˻
ţһƷɴ
ĥֽӶ棬ϡﻩ첻ϡ
㿿ǽڣڵءɫЬⲻԶһĨ
ﶼҪϧĳȴΨ
һƬǽ֮Уૣ
˷֮壬ޡ
һȥ䡣
˸ӵ̡
ʹҡĻ࡭

˯ԺȻһѡ
գ˯ʵ۾һԣѾס
ʲôʱģȵôң
ҹ˵
زģؾЦǿ鿴ŲС˯ˡȻʲôæùôҪҪҽ͵Եģ
á˵
ظոס󣬿۾˵
ļ
в⣬ԴӦҪջˮ
㲻Ѿôű߿
һ̨ľһߵԼջˡ
˵öԡ
Ȼ׾¯Ļ滹»
ܹˮӳü䲻Ȼе˳˳
Ѽˮкȥ˫֣Ȼûн֦Ҷǰ㽿ʮָС

ػû˵סˡ
Ͱ˫õǰһһָϣëǡ
ֳǾ͹ɽְɡ˵
㡭
֪ж಻ײߵһ
ܸܵǹҪͷصҰġ
ΪޱԲŶ˿̵Ļ𾪵Ըӡ
˲̫̰ģ˵ϡ䱦ֻҪһ͹ˡ
ϵĲ𽥻Ϊᶨǰ϶һˣص˵ͷãȰֽǾ͹ɽ֡
ɽ֣Ҿ͸ʢĻҲϹһˣҲ𣿡
һ漴¶ȻЦݡ
ԱУÿһΣ۲ӵԼ
ҲһΣҲΪһΨһ϶ЩʲôΪĹ⣬֧Ĵء
ֻҪվԵ㡪
عӭͱֱߡ
ϿԣϿԡˮҶȥ

ˮˣҲˡ
վͷֲĹ£һһµŹ̵ļ
վһԣǵؿˣӼ󼦵
ÿһأΪ³ǷǣĴ鷢֮ǰȻ
Ҹˮһݰɡ̲ס
СͶȻܾˣӼ
һᣬƳأ΢°¶һĨ⣺
ô
ظҪشһӰǰԺ߳վڵ񻨵¡
磬ȵ˵֪ҪԽĹˡ
賿֪ƽ巢£Խ餡֣鸴ӡ
߾¡ͺû֪ͨͱȥ͡
ҲҪˡȵ˵
ͺȻվֱ壬Ŀһȵ
Ҳȵ仰ˣ˿ܵļҵ÷飬һһס˵ļ
żȵվǰĿϡ
ڿʲôЦ
磬ûпЦȵƽӭĿ⣬긽֮飬΢Ҳһڶʹڴǰ䣬Ϊβȥµһӵǰ䣿
ӵǰǰһʲôʱ򣬰ǰ䡪ɫ䣬ŭð
صһοŭ
ĵؿȵΪͻȻҪĻͥȵǻµˡ
ڴ£ҶǸ֪ڸ£˵Ҳ̸ڶʹ˴ôѡ
ͺԥֻ֪֪Ҫĸһ˭ʲôҪڶʹ
ڴУٳȻͬСļҼҾ𣿡ȵɫ䣬˵Դųɲ˴¡
˵ʲô
ȭͷҪǰŵæס
ȸôˣΪʲôͻȻ뷨ؽ
ɩӿˡȵ䵭һֱ뷨
ոʲô㲻ŭڸңҪȥͶ㣬˵Ҫȥʲô𣿣
ҲҲҵ¡ȵ˵Ѿˡ
Ҳ׼ȥ͵ʵ˵㵽ΪʲôҪȥͶ㡣£Ҳһ𿸡ܣʲôˣ
գұȻߣҿ£ֻҪһػɣȻȥͶϡִҪҡ
ȵ䳤
ôҲߣ㻹Ҫɱңɫѿ
ִҪңԸԶһۣ顣
ȵ˵꣬ԥӵնԼ
ŵ÷УʶȥҪ᳤֮ǰĳڿ͵ͣסˡ
ȵɫ΢䡣
һһʺѪҺŵƺָ
գҲգضǰȵһһٵ
֮塪һ۾ܻģ
ˣȵɿǰ򵹣ȵɡ
ŵУؿŹǰСܣɳƵ
Ҫ
ȵ˫ۣĬ
ضžĿ̣ãȾѪĳˤ档
Ҫ͹ɡ˵
ȵۡ
˵ϵĵûٿͺһۣĬתȥ
߳ţͱˣͿıӰŭ
ȵֻһͣ
һͣ
Ȼ߳˺Ժ
ͣ߬һȭͷָԴԴӿѪȴ޲ߣȥ͵֣ؿɫ࣬ǰԺ˵ˣ
һ죬ؿƴ˿ڡ
ȵ䡣
ȵʼûл


215 
Ķڻƽԭ, һ̧ںڵĹȫװ֮ʮĿ
ǰһ͵ûκεڻнǰС
ʲôˣ
﷢ֲԶֱһһˣ׷óԼ׼֮͡
ǧȵ֪´ˣȵŻٶ, 㱣
һ׵˴֡
شȵ, ǿԵ˰ϳ
㣿ȵ, 򴨽ڶʹģ
򴨽ڶʹ޹, СԼġ
ʲôü
ľܣͳ¡СĽµһѾãҪЧ
֡¶죬ΪǧϷ˭жۣ뻻ͻģ
СѾ򴨽ڶʹ, ֻǰһȵ
ظҪ˵ﴫƽ
ɡ
һæ
ӽͣ
ȵոߵǰ, ĲͰΧһ, ϵĴС
սϵ, ȵڱ
һϣ׵´ĵɫ԰ס齼ϷھǧĺͽΣһѾ͸Ĳ, ʻ
ˡȵؾصع, ߵͷ
뵡Ŀȵյİݴ, 
Ҽǵ㡣
˺üԡȵڲĳ, , սҵԽס
һǰĽ£ֳѰһõˡ
ȵ򶨵ԭʱסڽĹ˾Ǵˣ
ܶ˵µǻǰ߶ûнõˡ
Ұ帾ϲʡȵ˵˵ΪЧ˵мʮ˵֡ѲѰֵˣҲ˰ɡ
ôʶģʡ
Сĺʶ΢ĩ˶ƴճһǮ·µСˣԴ֮СľһֱߣΪǰ󡣡
Ȼо֮ΪλҪĻͥ
СʮΪ˰ġٴĶ飬Ҳûˡ·СҪΪԼߡȵƽ࣬ļƲ㣬ΪֵܣȴСԶҲʵֲԼı
ʲôʡ
ɷһݽٹ顣
Цˡ
Ĵԣı䡣ֻû뵽ڲͨ壬ΪܣѧʶĶࡣ
Сĳ¥ݱԭûжĻᡣȵͷҶ˵㲦飬ʶü֡
¥ȻʶĶ֣ȷʵ˷Ƿ˵
ŹǰȵĿȱʧǱϣ˵
Ҫ㣬Ըʵش𣿡
˾ܷʣСһ֪޲ԣ޲
ǰںδ
º󣬳Ƭ̼ž
ǰС÷ȵش
ô˵״ǰʱϣ
ȵ̧ͷӭߣŲæ
ǰհ죬Сĺǧdţ͵ţ˵֪㣬ΨִᣬƥͼɽӭӡʱҪСĺdǿѲߣʱ׼Ϊ˵ĳл
ԭˡ˵ڰ⣬˽Ƿˣ
˺ͷ˵ȷֻ檱ǳ£˿˵ϣû檡ȵ̧Եдһʣ
˶ʵĶܻЩ档㲻ϲŭɫһʰˡ
ȵصͷʾ¡
ͶЧô˵
˴ŭֱСƣͬС뿪
ֵꡪ˵ã
˻һȻеá
˵ƾҪ֤ġá
ȵ䵭ݣ˫ž޲͸Ƥңһ粻ɨ̽ġ
ѹȸ
ȵ˵֪ڵʵݡ

ôȥʲôãЪһɣ˵
ͱ˫֣ƨŻһϴתصȰӻûȣſȵߺûͣ죬
ģ
һȭϣԱߵĲ߶춯
࣬һʺһڳϢˣһˣҪµһ콭ȥˣ
ܻӡ
۲ѵץס֣ϻأ
ҪͶЧˣһܺһ㡪ƫƫոģµһըߵ¶óʲôɥĲȥոĻ죬ͲպӸʲôըߡẽߵĻ
һŭݣǰĲյͷţ촽һŸĲˮݾ
Ǳ²յǵݣҧгݵ
ػ㿴Ӳȣ
ˣͺض˶֪ûȵڶʱڻתĻѾȻ
һ죬ҲˣҲˣҲõòˡ
ҹû˯ɫѿüͷ壬߽ǰҡĲˮ
úûڰŭ˵
ģʲôǲ˵ģҪһ˿ûаҵ磡
ֻսһֻ֣ùȸһԼĴ㣬һ⣬ȻҪһ£ǲҰȴ
Ҿ·Զˣ߲ˡ
Ҫ˵ǻ𣿡
һ̧ͷȥ
һ죬㲻βܣɫᶨҲᡣ
üͷųĬ
˲ã˲ɡȸԼĿԣǹǵǵİΣǲķʽ뿪ġؽ˽֣˵
ʲô취
ϵ棬͸Ѽġ
̾˿˵á

ع˳ţ
ѾӵķԸ˶ˣʲô춯֪ص֪ڴʲô⣬Ҫ
ȴĥһ󣬿áͶЧ㡣㵭֮ˣҲ÷ϵȷмֲܡ
ض˶٣˵Ӵô죿
ǰȵѾ̹Ϊ˵Ӣڶʹڰұۺһˡ
ˣ޸ĸ¶ûԼؤԵʣ۽粻ߣǮۿȺ֪Ϊʹڰꡢ֪УҪǷΪѾ֣֮˿ͨ׷ɱڵģͲֹӢˡ
һڰ֪ھӢˡֹ
ںʵʱ֪Σ˵ڣѵͼ룿
ȻһʼǴڵģ
׳ʹڰͻƵʱ򣬾ǹ̵ʱ
Ӹ߼ȫָʾ
һ¡˵
빫ӷԸ
Ҫȥһˡ
˭
Զߣǰ


216 
ȵߺ, ޾ɺü졣
ϵһûȵd˸߲ҵֽкãȵȵ뿪ĵ, ƽʱԷd״ʣ
ʲôʱܣdľ, һ˵˵ôôһȥ
ȸȥæ, ʱͻˡذο
ʱ䡭ǹã
ҳ, ǳ԰ɡ
ػûڣͷľ磬뿪ǰ
ǰķǳ, ˼ûԷʱҲĲ, ֻظͷĶ
ôǡdıӰ
㲻úóԷ, ˡؼһ⵽԰ɣ˺ȥС档
dɫã
dָʵϷȫƺشţǼſ, d˳
һ³dڳĥĥ䡣
ϸ΢ذŵȥСһߵ¼ǾƼ·ϸСｲһȤ¡շ˼ƨ¾ͲҪ˵ˡ㣬׽, ֪𣿡
·, ҪС䵽, ҪȥᶼСؿĵ, ĺɰ, ѾװһӣóԵģҪֻԼģǵøСһݡ˵ģ㶼סô
d¶ͷס˼סˡ߶߶
ض꣬ų߸ߵĸͷԵǼŷԸ·
ڳ¼ǾƼҵǰͣ£˳ŴСċq˵ꡣ
ڲų̀غċqһ졣
ʲô
СĶһЩ񲼶ӻͷ档ЦǱ͵ģҲǽ軨ͷ𡣡
Ȼ
˲֣첽ߵǰ۷ŹطشЩƥΡ
ôõĲƥͷҲˣǷ˴ٵˣȤūҲҽݷˣҪһڶʹˣڶʹˣūҸˡ
һľװŭôƶҾȫ͸Сˣ
ƹõЩūҶΪ˷ֵֵɣŽһײĺ˴Уزɵͷ˿Լԣظ
˱ˣˡ
ūҵˣūһҪøңūһƥɴĺأһ˵
ûˣ̿
ｾū˵˲Ӿͻᶳʱһ굽ͷļ
Ѵﶼ˸飬￴ҪǸҲҪʱԹﻹҲû
˺һᣬػվţæк¡
ѩдԡ
ӺԺһС̳Сظصһյ
ضյһڣһĿڸɢȵôбѩζ
ȻȻô֣˵һȥ𽥱ůеζҲᷢ仯ôоûУ
ϸϸƷζſǻľζһϲص˵ͷ
ѩдȵ̳ݻѾȥԺŮˣʱþҰˣˡūҹ͵ƺȣˣûʲôģ
û顣˵
ô£ɵ˵ūҽŻ˵ũ˵ڶʹûȥˡ
˭ûȥ𣿡߽һһǺ«ֻʣһӵdҲ˽
ְdеǰϱһĺɰ˵ǮȥǺ«
ࡢͱѩ⡭dָͷ
ûʳԣû˵һ·һ·ԣԼԾˣӲҲԣԻӲιڳŵ綼óˣ
Ϊףת˻⡣
dϵĺɰ˵ȥԼɡ
d˵Сһ桭
СҪɩ̸飬ȥѺɰӳԹòãĵ
dֿأҡͷԵ߳˾
пȢ㣬ĸ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳء
һзһãһϹǰңȱȱ°ֽеʵĻǻûشأո˵˭ûȥ𣿡
̾˿ȵ뿪¼ԸλŮѡ
ˣ෨Ӷû񡣡ʣûʲô⣿
һͣûʲôҴƱ˹վˣ
˵Թ԰ַ𣿡
ַӣ
ѹ˵ϵķӡ
صڵغˡ
ԡˡµ˵ֻһʱ̫ܲá
Լΰ
ԡԲˣżڻأԡҪĥˣ
һ𾪵ؿô
ôƭ㣡Բˣҡͷµذֲص
˵ѧдʫ𣿡÷̵˲ʫԵһף
ŨŨ⣬תͷʾôˣ
ȢˣȢ˸ƷСټСŮ˵ء
ᣡʲô£˵СҰһǺУ
ôֳˣͷ
㻹֪ɣãǸ׵ĺУͷϵëֻôһ㣡ָ˵
˵һƴϣִϷʱ޵ģٺ˵˵ݹūȥ
﷭˸ۣһм
ô˵Զˣ˵Ҫǰҳģ
黭ʲô°͵˶ϲ绨ѩһס
Ҷᡣ
°ʹ
һΪѵֶϲ
Ϊ٣˯ˡ
壬˯ˡ
д֣˯ˡ
Ϊ˯ˡ
˯ͣ͵Ͼ;ٱȥҪˣ
أ˵
Ҳᳪ裬衭ԽԽСĸǸΪЬĹŮ
¾ŮӲŻѧĶ˼ҵŮǾȥѧɫ˵ļܡ
ŮĿ޺ĸŭĳһ
һΣᶨظ˶ߵ
黭Ů죬պͳһ޸ߵ֮֡
Ѿٱɱˡ
ǡеͨôɵƺҲûرȤ
ĺһ𣿡ﲻмǷŸƨҲġҪǲãңȥʰ
￿˹ߵҪǾû׶ҽһУȥҼ͸£Ҫ¡׼ͰòС
ввСҡͷһᱻĥӵġ
ūһ볤أɸֵض˶ţǺúԵ
˵ʲôأԻʲôӲӵģ
ȥҲˣҲҪգҲ˵׼̾˿򼸸±ؼԡ
𰡣˵ȱ£ūҽ㣡
裿һɡ
ūȻ裬Ů컹㲻ֳɵûУһ׳ȴò˶á
Ьأ׷ʡ
ȻҲò˶ʱ䡣š
ⲻˣ￴أ˵
ԥƬ̣˵ѾܶûˣǰѧĶò࣬¡
ʲô£ļ磬˵ˣǷŸƨͶġҪ׼ô࣬ȴ顪㾡ܸңȥʰ
ŮѵĲϹ¶ģ
һҪܰ𣿡
;ҪһڴӦ
ؼѾ裬ֲ١;ﶼ֣ͨ룬ŮѣȥСԺ
ɹΪֺһֱݵǰ׼Ѿеòˡ
ʣµҲҪģѡ衣
ֻһ֧衣
ʮһ͵͵ȥڽ̷üª«ѧѧġ
ĸѧŮ죬һָͷẰʹһδ¹ҫµ˫ϥײڱ࣬ҧһԡ
ϲֱ֣ǸЬĹŮ⡣
ⱲҲ衣
ָƵЬž»Ьڷá
ƽƽĺЬⱦĺЬϱߵ˵ԽⱲӡѾˡ
ڻŵģ˭ǡ
ֻء


217 
ܲ, ʹ˿̵顣
¸ɾľϣƺ๾˼ڡ
˾ʫһס
һ뵽ǸΨһѲ, ;ɥʧʫ
ųƲգԽԽڳЦ
㿴ƨĿ͵, ŲӰ˺ͷ
ǿ鿴ֵĸ, ÷ɿˡ
Ӳľذֵ
㵹ƨ, ЩĵûУ±㱻Ǻ۵Ĺйͷ
һֱƶһ˿ʣ, ȤƵ˵ľƺӵذվ
ӿˮ˵, ô֣Ͳֹ, ͸óˡ
Դͷְܻ̾ϥͱרڸʱüһģ, Ӧ
ⷨԲˬ
ֱǰʼ, ϿʼҲˡ
Ҳ֪æʲô
£иοҪ
ͻص, û, 鷿, 滹ûˡˣʱǰǰæµǶʧˡټֻʣһˡ
볶ɤѰʧĴϣһͻأĹںԺ֮
, ԺԺ԰
߳鷿ʱ, ˳ϵĲֽ
ˡ
һ, ǹһ, ֮¹ڼž
ͰѲֽУһԴķ
ת£ľɽĺ԰СǰǢǷˮװζһס󣬽һģˮԭɱĵͥԺһ˿ˮ֮⡣
͵Խˮ֮еǸɫӰϡ
ͣ˽Ų
ˡ
һˣһ˹Ӻζ
ˮʮߵʹС̣ͬЬÿλ̣ʯ֮ͻᷢƳĹ
ˡ
شɫϼˮȹŲҡҷ
Уһ溮ҡҷ
֫紵ϡ
Ȼĺ˲ϻĹˮڿС
͵أһתתŲƵӰ·Ϊһ壬ͬһʱ̼ӿٶȡܣϡ
˻
ɫĴתõɫϼǵ͵Ұ
ٵ̤裬Ľ巢죬ʮɫҫӡ
ʹδһ档
裬ȴûһ֧裬һ
ΪأǹɳеͶ룬ĵܣ˱øҫĿ
ܲڼٵĹԽһһס
漴Ұ׵ĵ⻮Ʋ񷡣
ͼæȥء˿Ӱ죬ý̤躨ؼţûƬ͡
һϰʮ֡
ȫע֪¡
ǰҫգչֹ黭һζû˵衣
û˵ϲ֡
ˡ
ϸܵĻסأƺ̡ɵؼ䣬Ψһ޶Ŀʢ
ԭΪǹͶ룬ûע⵽죬ĽҲıˡ
ϸ꣬磬̤ںÿһ֮ʱǹ֮ʱ
Ӧ׷̤衣
һ̣еغ϶Ϊһڿ硣
ʱᣬʱңʱʱճ硣
أЩЩֵ竹ӵĸˡ
裬ҲԸ⿴һӡ
¡һ׹˺աһԶĹҲ̤ͣ衣
һΣЩûվȡ
ͻعǵˮ
һ·ɿ죬ҽˮٶȷߵһǰһѶʪˣ֪ˮǺˮ͸£һ˻ɫȹϡ
Ƭ̣ȹʵ㡭𣿡

ÿҲĵʱ򣬶Թңң뷽跨ҿġغµȵˣ֪ѹҲЩʲô´񡣡
˶٣˫峺۶ӭߡ
㿪ģ͡
˫ע£һȻ߬סġ
Ϊ񣬷ѾáȴֻŽ˲ȡͬ飬ģֻΪƭĺá
Ҵˡ
γĬԼϵ£ϡ
ʲôˣһ⡣
Ҳ㵣ġ
δ䣬ʹᱧأЬǶʯ貵Ĺâ
ϸͷû䵽ϡ
͵Ϊڵϸꡣ
˫֣ڵͷϣŬҪΪڷ絲ꡣ
ͱشԷڴСط
ˮʪЬȥѣصʶסļ磬ͣס˶ĵصȴţֱֻƿ
ʪ͸Ьŵһߣʪ£Ϊűϵͣ˶
û
ػû˵꣬;̧Ľơ
ֹű㹭ϣҲɢưࡣ
ͿϵɫȻ˵
ЩӣҲˣϰ
Щ˼͵͵Ӧһ
𣿡ʡ
زԣʶûС
𣿡
ؿ۾˵ڡ
𣿡
ˡ
ЦˣǾͺá
һԵɴҩ࣬ȡɾֽ¶׻ǰ
ָͷֽʱʱ֣ϸչÿһ䣬ϵˮ÷ֺʣദͿһ㱡ҩࡣ
ĿרעĲ֪
ҩҪջؽţȻһѹֵľС
˫㣬ûҩĽż⴦һǡ
պҪʣ̧ͷ̹ȻֱĿײ˫ۡ
Һܿġ˵ءΪ㣬Ҳôġ
ɾ˫֣Ϊϸɾ£Ȼݵ鷿
ҲһҪ͸㡣
ɻڴϵȴ
һᣬͻˣôû뵽Ķ
ҵ
ǰ£֣ǱڷС
͸㡣
ƣؾҪ˫˫֣ȴβš
֮ż
ôں˵ҵľġΪֻ˵˵ѣ
ⲻһ
ûʲôһɫᶨŵ۾˵ЩܹҶ˵Ļһ档ӡǲƸ
ס֣һС
ҵľģҲ䡣

ֵǣһǰŲ¼γŵ̲ס۵ķȥ롣ȴɵͷˡ
ͳϵĳŵݲѣػס֣
ҵҲģҲ䡣
ɵĻӦͿЦ
ЦĳأҲ̲סЦ
ǰôû˵һ֣ʡ
ĸϲϰ衭Ҳ˵ǡռ֮¡ض˶٣ؿô룿
롪ϲС
һƨߣڴϡ
֣
ϲʹ࣬Ҳȥ͡Ҳں۹⣬ֻҪ㿪ľС
͵Ļһ˲ƻ˵ǰա
ظҪɷ羰ıԹͽ˵
Ϊ㿪ģҾͿġܱôֻҪʵԼΪҶĵģ㡪κ˶Ŭ㡣
ؿҲ벻ոյıԹ
ϡ˵
ţ
ĺϲ㡣

һù̡
κӿз
Ҳϲ㡣


218 
֪, ԺеĹ̵ѿ
𽥻ůæµɢݰͷϵˮӰΪݵİܹҵıĻƣÿնڱ, ҲòÿյîΪһЩ֥Ƥ鸽Ķ
С
С
붼롣
ƨ
ѼʺСҲҪרʾɴٺ»Ҳһ˰ɡ
ǰܾù洩ٷĴ˰ͷϷŵһǹغصĴ¡ȵԼҲ˹٣֪, 󲿷ֹԱ, ϰڵĶӵ˸òôռũظòǿƲ֮˵ðҲð, ˵ðҲðС¡
ܹӰߣǰͶˣûгԵı׶, ˭Ҳðŷȥı˼ʮϰߡ
ҪһߣҲҪλ, ֣֪ܲٵķоΥƻ, 䵽յͷϡ
ÿڹüͷ۱Ѽë˴򽻵ŬЩһĲֵķֽ
ÿ춼˷ʱ䡣
̫, ʵһʲôʲôû
ӳսĺ, Ҫ, ֪ȸ, ķңȥɹ̫˯Ϊʲôֻ￴ЩѼʺĶ
˲ˣʲô⣡
һֽ鱻ֽţһſڣҵ˸ոսŵķ֮ͥϡ
ˡ֮ͥһһ鵲Ҫ̰ǰյ飬ġ
ƨͲͷ֥ùʺһ£ԺĶͲҪ͵ǰˣ
ĻʱŷţȰ⹫Ŀ˰ɡ
֮ͥһٴεסҪŵ͡
ʲôü
ֻ֮ͥߴ췭ġ
ֻǷ⹫չֻϵò̫ϳ֪¼ֺԭͲÿɫǳһĿȻ
Ӣڶʹַ¶̵ЦαɸյȲҪŻˣ
֮ͥͷַͬ˳ӢڶʹнڶʹӦмյһϤڶʹ氲ڶʹѾһյַ˫
ͺԾ
氲ڶʹ褰ǿ˵ùȥ̮̽ʱ氲˽սСڶʹʿĲӦ٣С̫̾ˡ
ųԣͷ治С
ʹַսһʱҲڶʹһĶڹⷢѵĵһ
ԷαɲбǱǿ׳Ӣ
ͰַĻط֮ͥŵϣ˵򴨻ˮȥ̣
Ҫôظ
ظʲô˷īˮͲͷһæţԼŰɡ
ⲻװɣ˻ǡ
֮ͥȰ˵ֱӲ˰칫䡣
̤ź;òӳѼȦĻѼѾһɵԼȥ
ͻظ֮زڸУںԺ˸̨£ůĴۡůһë׵ıӸϣͰΰѼ䣬Ȼо˿͵ۣñ̺Ҫϵһ
ʲôʱģ
ոգһѡ˵ôôͻˣ
ûʲô֮ͥһ㡣Ĳ˵
֮ͥңز
ǰֱ׳˵ôæڹҲˡ
֮ͥϷļ£ǲŵġ
ɵؿͣԼ
Ƕþûһˣ㿴ôã·ŷţǴϵȥɡ
ũæʱô£Ķʱ䡭ȥĶ
ػû˵ͱʹᱧŵᴸͣƨ˲Ϊ
ȥˣ
̧°ͣԺﺰһɤ
桭磡
dӦ漴ĽŲš
Уȥ棡Ȱҷε
ȴ֣һ·ţ԰
һ·ʹӶԶ˼ֲ֣һʰ񣬷غһ˶ӡ
dԾڼݳλ
㣬ȥɡͶߵĳ˰֡
ȥĶǣd˵
Ҳص⡣
棬ӶҪƳˡֵǳȥɽޡ
ãȥ񵰣󣬿ԡdһ˷ܣһ
ȷĿĵغdӣųŶȥ
ϵ˳صϣ
𣿡ḧͷ
ۡͿеơ
ذ
ͱۣͷĸ
һʱ򣬲Ÿо˿

ҡνͣ
dֱܵԶСϪߣˮȡƿȻء
ؾĿдУ£ˣǿյĳ˲ݾ˳֪Լʲô
ɵվŸʲôԵĶ˵
æ˹ȥ
ʲô
ڵľӺʣһԿԡһߵͷɨΧأһ׽ͽˡ
ظҪ˵ûô㣬ſˮdѾһȽˮһβ͵İƴС㡣
ˡ
ȹӣ߽ʪ֡
µĿڵӳ̵ȸ֦Ҷïּ䷢Уż϶ë׵ĴβܹҶƬҶƬ֮ɳɳ졣
֮ɽҰ䵽ı
ȷһԳһҰͽڳûɾӽƷĹٷ
רһطɣȴԲԶһĢӶ
ԱߵĢΪʲôɣ̲ס
жԼ
ǲǳһ𣿡غҪôжû
򵥣˵һҵĢڶſͣ͡
һ㶣漴عƨƨ
أ˵
Ҳش㡣̧ڵʱ򣬲ҪҰĢ
ûӲ͵򡣡
Ȼûô϶ĢͻǽֿʳõҰ
ص²ؼժΪһҲժʮŷƵĳӽ͵Ĺٷпǰ磬ɽʱ¡
ʱʧɽ£ײһʬɻȥңͺͷĹϵҲǿʼŷãϸȴѾǰˡ
˳Ŷҩļ䣬뵽͵ǶӱСݡ
Ҳ֪ǱǶݻڲڡ̾
ˮ󣬽ݱͣǶݿҲڡ
͸Ҫ˵Ȼɫһ䣬ذٿ˦˳ȥ
һڣһֻҰëƤӷڵء
ˡ˹ȥ
Ѷض̷Ұ˺ߵʱͻۼطһҰ񵰡
ֽصصĽȰ£ֻͷ񵰣Ķ˻ȥ
صϪߺ󣬰Ѿ߰ƴ㡣
Ͱdϰɱ㣬ظɲĻͰ͵صһߣŰæһɱõ㣬ȴһѽƿһ۵
ӻûأõɻ
תͷɱõľӸdŸʲôˣ
Ϊ׽еųԷdίίشӵ
⴮㣬ǵٴһĢ㡣ͻ
Ŷdϴϵóġ
ˣ㿾ˣζҲƮˡ
˳ľ£ԲĹĵľϣһᣬζڣd˿ˮ
һƤûƲӲӵģͰγľ辣еһݸأͷһݸd
ǰִҧȥִƤڿ죬ӵСľ辣СҧһβҰԵҰͣ۵ڿںϣ֯Ȼһʳ
òɷһ̾ٿԱߵdѾ˵ڶ;ľ辡
˳꿾㣬Ҳ࿾ˡȻ֣طֵֻȣdֵӣͷ
ԳԲΪɣɷ˵ֻȸ
ͺܡdȻ˵
ͺضû˵Ҳͬһ¡
ȵھͺˡ
Ǿĺͷʱûʲôˡ
꿾úϨ˻ѣ˽ȥ
ʱصȣɹůĶʯֻƤһ̻ʵdƤԽգԽ
˯һᡣ˵
á
֣ḧڷ
˿˿Ƶľ΢ƶ£쾡ͷӿۡƮɢưŵƬտա
ڻĴḧİ֮˵˳ڷĵƽͰȵʱܹ쳤ؾá
.


219 
罫, ݼҼһ˰ݡӵŴƮ֡
߻ؼңȴſֻʯʨϵѪһ
ſڿһˣӦŵŷӰ, ֻʣſһ̲Ѫ
һ, ӳ븮, һ߻һ߽ص֡
ƽЩ˱˺˵ʬ壬ұصӰ
󡢴ˡһѪץסĿȡ
ڷҴ, , ʲôˣأ
ˡܡܰɡӢ򡢴ˡ
ʲô
ͻ׷, ȴһ, Ƥȥ
Ӣôṥݣһ֪͹򴨽ڶʹĸۡٶҲȲǰ࣬ô벻ͨ, Ҳòʵ, ˴ϼţز֪١
һضɽҡĺӶ, ͳţҲˡ
𺣣ϵյʬ, , ش͵Ӱ
Ÿʲôͳȥ, ص־ܡ
ݡ
ӳȥ˵ڳǣ
ֱš
ĸ, ʣһǰѵİա
ǲ, ȿֺҪ
֮, ͺؽǣ˫ֱײɢˡ
أ
, ȴֻؿߡ
أ
Ⱥ֮бߺ, ȴҲûмӰ
ٴ, Ժ
ʹΪͱֻΪѰʧɢӡĳգŴ߹ͷȴֱԽµһӷ򳪸棬ٰüӶһ֮ˡ
ⲻܣ
࣬ѹû˵Խػع͢ʲôһʱ䣬һֲĸ̣ĵ
ͳ嵽۵ǰ½Ť
һۻصƾɵݣǰĽڶʹģԼһΡ
أ
أ
ȸأ
ܣյģֻ¼һˡ
ǿҵΥͳġ
ڰĵ̣µһŮˣȴࣿ
ģӲͰͷҾͲ
͵ŭٿ˫ۡ
ҫĿϦ۾ʶۡҵȸɽߴߴԶϪڶ졣ڴӻҽ񵰵غdֶһؿ
جˣ˵
ˣ˴硭d˵
㻹֪Ͳ𣬺üŭĿdɩӱߵʱôڣ
dһµؿ
ĹҲһãȻ
ԺߣǧҪûУû
ô͹ֵ˯Ϳˣ
˯Ϳˣ˵ϻȥƤ
ҪԣѾʳؽе
ƤƤdﺬȺ񵰣
ϣڴϷȥ˯ţѰεľͷβһ飬ִβͷһ飬һϸҲ£ʱ֪ĸƳӢϽڶģ̺ʽˡ
ڷʲôءѾΰѣԱߵĶڵ÷ʻ
˯ġ˵
ز˵ˣһγ˯ȥ
ͼڴӱ
֮޺ͱʹʼղ
ԽԽĶ˴򵽼ſˣʲô۸Ѽû
˼룬ڶû͵һ˹
֪֮ͥڶʹ첻͸ϵŶûþʹҴҸ˹̤칫ʱǰյǷ⹫ģüͷſ̯ͣһͼ
߽֮ͥ˲ŷ֣ǴͼмģӢڶʹĹϽΧ
ǡ
֮ͥһ̽ʵ
ûӦַ𣿡ͷҲ̧
δյϢ
У˵Ӿһзˡ
֮ͥһ㶣ȫ֪Ϊһҹ뷨
˾ʱݣ
ñͳֲ
;ϵͼַһ
ʹӹյĶ֪𡣡
ǵϴα͵ңεʱسǾأҲһĸ֣ʧɢٶط꣬ƻ˶һĲҾ硣
ȻԾͻȻӢս֪Ӧٳ͢µַǱֵ֧̬ȡ
ϣҵʱ벻֪ҰֹֹԶһڴŴ
⵽һֻһһҹ
֪ͷһ컹ںͬŵ˵Ӧ͢٣޴ӢԣڶϾͱٳµ򴨾սԴ
ϢӢأ򴨾ѾعӢݡ
һȺ
Ӣڶʹۡڰһ߷սսİܽɫķŭݡ
Ǻηʥѵͷ۲ɣݾȻһܹꪣֱӢܴ裡
ˣٸĩһλᣬĩһڵͷ㡭
ݷսдܵؽͷ絷⣬¡
Ӣڶʹ壬鱩壬¹½ʿηΨһˣΣܶɱԣӢ۳һš
ǾӢĶ죬ڰұۺꡣ
ܽΪڰϵɱľؿһԵĺ꣬ڣվ˳ĿĴڰҾҾ֣侲
ˣʧأҲؽԭݳܶӣפ䱸ԶԱߵĶһʧأݺʧҲ޿κ֮¡Ӣַܴ⽻֮ʣٸһλɡ
ڰһƨϣŭɶȻŹŵİܽ˰κѹɱֵ

ܽæˡ
ˣһǵʧѾҪˡҾֵڿͷ¾ѳӢ߾¤ľҲ·ϡٹãߺ氲ҲӢ۶κһһս֮ڶʹӢ¶ľ֧
ʦи߲ߣڰɷ
¹ٿӦһʱ̣֮Һʹɺͽ⡣
ҪȥСʵ۵ͷڰŭ
ڴڰŭǰֻкܱƽ
ͷ­̬ȹ˵Ļȴܼ
ֻбڣŻڡֺαȥһʱ֮ǿ
ûˣ
Ĭ
಻͵ġڰ˵ͿһҶˣôõĻᣬôܷŹ
˵ĵˣѡ˵ǿԴӸϵĵ˴֡
˵
˵ǸȻǱ껺ǣ¾͵û븵ϿˡΪǱҪľ𣿡
ڰüͷ滺ˣŷ°ͣ¶˼ı顣
Ҷ˼ˡ
˴š㵽ֹҾֹά
ǺճھʲôˣճһΪնαͷ­ˣôǰδ˵ڰ
أ˵ǽˣ˵ˣһ˵ˡ˵Ķ࣬ҪԭǴ˹¶Լ̫Լ˵ǰʮ꣬ڷ׽޹ҵֱ׺󣬲Ƴͷ˶٣˵˻ҲǺ޵Ȣλݷˣȷʵһ
ҵҪ֮˳ʲôģ취ŪһŻڰЦ
Ҿֵ
ʹ̸֮¡ڰ򺫷ꡣ
¹ٺͱߵĽмֽ飬˲½¹١
£ҷġڰ˵ͷȥ
¹ٶȻὫϢǰ˵ҲعģĽڶʹУֻ򴨾΢ֻ֣Ҫס򴨾ͻתء
ڰŲɡ
ӢΪµĸ֮ˣȻ֪ԼѾ˴ڰصע
¶ݺûԤһӢʣ̡
һڳԲɴӣʹԳˣҲ˴

ûмӢĵ̣ǵͷȥ˵ݡ
ҪŴĵ֪ʲô
򴨾ݳº氲ĵ֪֪氲ʮڶʹе¹󿹺⣬òԴ򿪳ţظ
һºӢͳ͢ɺͽ⣬Ӣ»֣ΪһӦַеĽڶʹ˶Ϊ͡
ˡ
ֵİУʹضľӻص


220 
򴨾֮Ӣ, ʹھеƴǣټϴǰսնαͷ­Ϊһʿ, ȫ˼崫򴨾ľȨ
ȫվȨĵһ¾ɱӺ
֪Ѻһ, , ˿
λĵĲп, ؼֵˡ֮ͥվʯ̨, ϸ
ְ, ʬλزͣ𹫷˽󵳱, Υ
׮׮, ʱص֤֤
Źٷͱ򴨾Ӽﾾ, νʾݵ֪, , ɫҰ, ԩ
ۻ̧֮ͥĿɨΧ۰ǼĿ, 
ﲻˡ, ն
֮ͥһ, ֪ԶǧתӽŲ衣
ëƮ, ѵѪϣȾѪɫ÷
ϢߴظӴ
𶯡
͵ͺࡣ
, ݽ, ֱˮе֪һ
칫, ֮ͥűΰϡ
ȴϣһ֪߿߷һЦ
֪ԭ֪˰⡣ͷ̵ȻҪһѪЩ˲֪ɽԽֽϸдЩʲô
αγֵģ
Ϊһֳ꣬ʳũβʱȴʳòòȥƤ
Ĳĳռũصĺ𣬲ĳ͵СЩҪһԲþ¼ٸݹعװε
˰ΪݸҪתҪΪǧèèٺ»Щſɹ۵ٺ»һ˿Ҳףǰӹ̫ˡЦ
֮ͥǴһˣԴͬУ
¹ڷݺְʱûеǼڲȴŹӦԺȵĴʹʹʤڶ칫Ƥ֮һ˿ڲСأѲ˾ȴǧ֮࣬ټԼòǣٺ»һ֡ÿÿ˷ٺʱ򣬹ٸͻ˰ȡƸ֧ٺ»
ͷ˫ȣѵ֪ϣߵǰƿڵľ
ֻеũ񣬲֪ʲôбҡ
͵ûѡһ䣬ѡٽһƫֻҪƿţܿԶ̻Ƶũ
ʱܿǵũؼ䴩ŹͬӴֲڵĲ£ſȣ˫ţĺվֱȻ΢΢š
ЩÿտųͷũСǱҡͬʱҲǿݼԱÿ˰ūǣؼԱøǿȺǣԱСչлֿ˿Ŀб˽ҡ
Ӧ˹󣬵ǿֻ뾡취沢ǵǴũΪū
֮ͥĬţ¶ũ֮ӵͬ޲ߵΡ
⻹ǽԶҰڹͺѹ֮󣬻ǿˣеһɾ
ҲΪһ󣬲ȥ췴ѵҪ©ݶµ𣿡
롭
ת߻ǰһ³һдֽݸ֮ͥ
֮ͥɨ˼ּۣۣܶԱϣȻֻȼۣͲòж̧𾪵˫ۿ͡
뾫ְ·˹Ա
ҵĵ̣ûӳԿ۵ˣҲҪҼӱ³
Һͷһķӣ˵ع٣ʵɾḻĲ©ȱ˵ûȥϸһ𸴡
¹ٻ֣̿ܵô˺ͷΡ֮ͥæ¹ͻȥϸж𸴴ˡ
һ¡˵
˵
ҷڣһ乫Ϊ˽İ칫ص㡣ȣСһֻֽܱҵĺãܱҵĲҲϣڱ𣿡
֮ͥһæͷ
¹ס
֮ͥ뿪һ鿴
ְֻ̽ģǷϳǧĹټ⡣
׬ٵ˰أ׬öĲ˰ӵ
ƾʲôйľͲý˰д˹˲ѵ˹ıʫѣ
ڼҷĸ֣ﲻá
ʴ۶µļҷҲҪ취һġ
ⲻܼ
Ҫȴ⽻ľ棬ȫȶʱɨƽ谭ѡһɿ֮˼Լλãŷĵغعɽȥ
ţ֮ͥȻȥһ˽
Ϳˣ͵ɴ۾
¹ߴˣݸǿΪף˴ʤ˾¥ˡ֮ͥһ˵˴γϯĲʿ𣬻ݵĵغǿ¶档
ааɣ̾˿
˿Ҫ¹˸֮ͥʡ
ˣԼȥ˵վ
߳ص
ô磿ؼһ
ͰͲÿ˯ڹɣͺ޲Ů˵°ͻλΣﲻԼĲȫҡ
ͽŮǰ׼Ϧʳ÷ʱͰѸڹ׼רŵİ칫˵˳
𣿡־ϲû˵ʲô𣿡
˵ʲôӵģҪĸʲôһ˵㡣ͼһٽŽ˵Ҳ֮ͥˣ˵ᾡҴ𸴡
Ǿͺáһû˵Ҫϳ°ɣ
ǧѵһ˵©죿Ͳмٰ˯һʱɡ
ʱֲȣϢ©¹ĲȣͨصǵǵԺʱ˵
˱߳Աһͷ˶ķ룬ҪŮٸһ룬˵ˣһҪһȥ¥÷
㻹Ҫȥ¥
רŻԷûذһۣôвж
⣬б׼𰸵ġ
ؼжж
غһ
ϦֵͲ߳˼š
ԵĹŶӻΨͣôϲ˫Żߡ
һƥýĴ̤̤̤ŵƽʵľ¥ſڣСӭС󣬴߽˾¥
˴׸ϣ⣬ϻʶףͷͬף򴨷ΧڵĸҴҼˣеͼ棬еֻǶţĿİ
͵ɨһʱ˶١
֯үԹɫЦ˵ǷϴԶϣͶԴĽѾãҪһʶˡ
ίڶʹˡ˫ĿվҾҾ֡ҡҡ·͸͵Ĺâ
.
ĽӢѾã˴δƽԭԸ׸򴨾ѡ
Ͷüۣ˵
ί׵ǡ
.


221 
ƺ֮ʱ, ˿֮
ϵ˴ȵ⣬ίվ͵ߵˣɷһ˵
Ԥ, ͬϯķ֮ͥһ, ί뿪
ίߵȾͷ, ƿһȽյķţ˽ȥ
뷿, żת濴, ٱ˳
ͷֹϷţǰһ, ֵ
ͣݼ˲ˡ
ίûб, վһ͵۾, ɫ֪ң
Ϸ, Ѿһˡ˵˸, 㻹
װɨһվİ, һڨڨ˳
˶ˡװֻһ, ˵Ȯݵ, ͷ˷չˡ
ʮѪչ˷Ѱ˶᲻졣
ȴİõ˲ÿ, һ, ˵Щʲô
͵޳ðҭҭ, ȴûðװž޲ϳֲ
ˣװָ£ָѾںòߵǰ
С΢ĸ࣬üĿվ
װոİһ˰װĲǰĲյ˲衣
½𣿡װ
ãõúܡ˵ſ˰ȡ
ºʹ֮Σ
⣬ͺ򳪸桪һ仰˵͹ҡ
Ǵ˶ԵΣ
ȻҲ;ؿŶİװ׻˵úãһһ׮顣˲Զѵףǰúϵģ
θ֪⣬Ĳѣǰ̽ʰڹҸ㣬ڹҲǿ˵ƾ˻Ҽ²ǡ
װ˹֣
˲صȻԣ˵Ǵʱţ
¿Ҫʱ׼ҲԸҴ֮Űݷáװ˵ϣһȮӵŰݷáǷ񷽱㣿
Сϣ㡣ʲôƱ䱦İ񣬲Ҳգǧҿĳǵȿ²˵ˣ
ŭǰ޳֮ˣ̵ǿ²ˣǿˣ

Դӵ֪˾˰װպţһֱ㷲״̬
˾ǷԽݵĲΪ
˾ϲʲô˸׼˾Сס˾˻Ӧ
游ĸ廹Ƿʧѡ
ڽƵУӭ˰װŵӡ
λҲ̫ˣžţôżؽװӭ˽
סһҪƿڴı飬Ӳʶ㣬Ȼ͹˹ֵһСС⣬˲Ҫ

ޣ
վڰһʳȵĻͽ˴ǿ̶ʱڿ˾źĸ߷Ƶʱ̲סӿ˳
ؼ˾ˣ硭
ظϥǣͱһİװ
򲻿ɡò밲ǡװһ䣬ͱתΪ飡Ÿʲô
ŶŶ
㶵ߵװߣÿӵİװһȥ
Խͬ
˾ʹãض񣡡
һһַһ첲Ͻ˷
װҲᡣһԲؿأοбˡ
񡭡ĸף񡭡
ԣҲؿ˼ۣͷͦ񣬵ȫһ
ӣȥˮŬ¶Цݵ˾ֲ赭дܵĵطൣ
ͿһòˣſƮɢĲ㣬̲סСǴֲ赭ƽӳԵǿ
ϣװ˵׼ҵ£游ĸ壬ĸǰȤ£֮ĴĴšһʼонΪװĹ۸жװºͶ̬˶ǰǴι磬ǸҪͷȴĬĬջֵ游
ĳЩطֱһޡ
ļˡ
ʣļˡ
һ̵ʶһ㡣
ùʳŮȥиԲݵļĬ
˸绹ûι۹ʲôɣߣҴȥҼҺ԰վعסĲӣѹߡ
ʶѹһνˡ
һһܻûι۹ҺԺúܣ
ǲǸйʵεıҪˣ˸ҿʲôߣҴȥԺ⡭
Ż
˵Զȥˡ
װ˶٣ڵ뿪͢󣬹ÿɺãνԵ˴¿ģ
ش⣬ӳ͢¼Ҫ˵˵ŰװԽԽüͷɵЦ
Щǰˣ˵ΣգڶͦȥˡڹúܺãȻߣҼáԽڹʱˣվģֻضѡ
װͷϵĸ˷٣Ĭκ̾˿
²Ըػع͢ѵ׼Ҳô
һ㶡
װ˵Ȼ²ԸԽֻԸأôҰ׼ұǵΨһĺˡͻڸ£ʼջǲסֻ죬˵һվ֪࣬ʱҪһ򾡣
¶ɫʵҲһֱĵ⡣
˵Ѿ°ɽֵ뷨˭֪£ʱ֮ܳΪȡ
²ذ׼ҡװ˵׼һ֧㰲һµݣʱȥ㣬˭Ҳ㡣ֽܱҪȫࡣ
Щҡװĵ
ݿܣǴʷǵǱұ֮أԲ֮պ󻹻Ϊ粨ġȥƽ˾ݣҲɼٱ¶ķաԵ£ͣݰ˵Ǻһ׮
ò⣬ԥú󣬿ڵ
Ҫܴ֮㡣
װҾҾ֣ˣ񾲵ȵµĴ𸴡
׼Ҹ뿪ؽװ˵Ļת͡
ûֱ˵Լ뷨ʵô룿
ԥҾ˵мֵڸƤӵ£̫ðˡңҲذ׼ҿ游ĸ
ͻȥ˵ֻҲһ˻ȥҲҪȥ׼ǷֵΡ
Ըһȥؾϲ
ҪԼذ׼ң˵һ㲻ǼٻһˣҲ̤ʵࡣֻǰĻ鷳Ատڲ԰ˡ
͵ˡޱߵͷ˵òϡ
뿪ݣҪʲôɣصǵ
ͽ˾ȥİɣҪ¶첻ãҲڵˡ
͵βƾն
ϸ£ĲƲһ֡
ſ£²ҵʤ̾׵϶ˡ
Ϊ̼֣ܳΪȵѲʱָӼ˼ңѾԿ̼ͨ֡
պغѾźݵһУ°ţܣһ֧ǧ˵ľ˿ݵ¥


222 
صһ½, Ҳһ·
磬һ⣬ڶһ, , ԲȥȻҲ²ֻҡȥĴ, ĬĬܹյݡ
Ҳǵһ·, һδ֢״ҲûУճ, ŴԱһ´Ӿ, ʪܵһչ, ͺʹϵ˴һƬ
첻ؾͲԱߵˡ
Ϊ, ûнס
ȵٻʱ, Ѿ˴ա
һĲƮɢڿ
Ե㶫ߵ£ַɫ԰׵ء
ؿһĺ, ʺǹеζøзӿ
ͷȥ, üͷϢҲԡ
Ҳһ㡣˵, º̵ġ
º̵ģؾȵתͷע⵽ɵͷϲһ˿ˮ̡
˵δҪ˾ͻһ㡣ףɢĺ˽, Ҩһ״˴, ݵ, 㿴׵ʲôҲһ㣬ýڶʹˣѵɣ
һºָ̺ж˿ʳûУǿԼſڣһ׺ͽŬȥ
ӵĺôϡָ˲ǣҨһ׺വι
ǿԼ뺣࣬Ȼֻ˯ˡ
һǰ
ҲǺעµоûôˣһǰ˯ċqѣڋq߳˲š
λðأԻ͵Ĳϼںƽϣһ޼ʵĺˮϦӳճɫޱߵĺɫϣǳɫƮƮ衣
ؿǰȻܵǿҵĶݡ
֮䣬˵ıС
ʪʵĺ紵ձڴķƣҲһƣһ³Ѿõ
ˣˣүڽȥqȻֱ˵
תһڼװ巽ʾ⡣
ڋq˹ȥֱ۽ͺ󣬱˼װ塣¥ת䣬вȣؽץǰˣһСĵ˳ȥ
Ŀתؿǰ
ϵˡ˵
ʶ̧ͷһƬˮɽ͵֮¶ʢĽˮ״ǰչ¶®ɽĿ
ϼĽˮ磬ذܲ͵ˮһָԣƽ͵ϢڽʪĿ֮СϴСũɢũ﹡֮УǻţңƽͶȻػš
ֹգ¥ݾڡ羰Ƿ
¥ͷͣ԰հݺͷӵλʧɢꡱŮ
ү빬ڹʧٵŮѾǧصףȻסϼС
үⲦһԺʹǧ
Ҳ֪װô˵үү˵ȫҵģܵǰδеĻӭͺʧɢŮһ
ִݵĵڶգػûüϽϤдŰϼθ򴨽ڶʹһ
θϰʮˣû԰ݷöţҲ˵ùȥ
...
ֻǡ
ΪʲôֻһˣüǰӵСˡ
⣬˵Ҳ֪С˵ͷѾȺ򣬴ʰˣƼ𲽰ɡ
ܴҵ𣿡ʡ
ȻС˵˵ˣ˵Ҫ󣬾㡣
Ͳ̽ѣСô˵ˣֵ
ϸɵйϵ֮Ȼͬ졣ʹ˰׼Ҵźת˲ߣһ·Ͼţ¥;ձڣ̨ͤ¥֮洦ɼһ϶Ȼϲ˴һĬĬ԰ӵĻóһۣ
ݣˣ
ҹպڰ
ɣڵȺ򡣡·С
ϼθݵ·Ѿˡ
һʱǣ֮Ȼǵĺˡ˵ʱǿңΪջһʮӵǷǷծ˼ҵĵǰ굶ĵ⣬ŵöԷǷӴԺû˸СƶС
θ˴뱲ӵʱ䣬Ű½յĻҵ
˵ǧݵҪĿػţôҪĿģǽʶλдɫʵľ޼֡ϾʱҲйռ䷽ѼѼ¾޼ֵ롣
½󣬴뻨
һľߴŽڰϣޱؿͣü΢΢ѩ׵ĳһֱ쵽ǻλá
֪ǲǴ;ã߾Ӹµ񣬺Źʺʱıеơ
ǡ
Ĺʺ

ߺûãһԼݴһ˼׼ҵŵ⡣
˺ȻѾǰԺ˵йá
ݣʶʲôͣ
ɻ󣬽źܿ뵽ʲôæqѣŲҴҵǰ˺Ժ
Ȼ˲ڣڻһ׷߰ߵϸˡ
һĸмƵӣؾ˵ݣ鲻Խشۿӿ˳
μ¡ϸ˲ΡΡǰһعȥ
ؼæʱдϸˡ
زТĸţظĸˡ
ˣɷϷ˽ص˫ۣͨ۽µش˼飬ز֪ΪΣһֱֹסԼԺδίѹķϸǰԴԴϡ
Ϸͳһҩ־ϵ飬ƽʲôáĸ֪㻹һҲܷˡ
˺һᣬزƽ
ŰϷǰ£Ըһ裬ϷһֱοĿ⿴зȣۿᡣ
ûܵѪԵģȻǸʣĸֵܽãǧ֮Զݵҡ
زТöΪҵˡʵЩĸ游ɻ
ãáϷ˺Ứ㣬һжˡ游һֱ߶㣬Ҫǻ˽Ӵվ̲סҪżˡ
Ͷϣ游ĸҪң˵һͺˡ
ϷθλƾնŮֳɼͷ飬ֱ̧˰еˮʵ
ضĸһ㣬ܷϵ׸ʵ޸ͣԸĻǲѵģ
ͷβԸġ
΢ҲֻǸССڶʹ䲻㡭
ϡغԥĸʹûϲ¡΢ô壬ıҵһ˿һݣһ
Ϸһ
ֱ˫ĿϿҵ
ļ޸ġ
ãҶ˼ˡϷɫӣ֣˵ģ游һᾡȥȰġܿػصݣıӣҲˡֻ游ԸִҪ˵»һЩ
лĸ¡ظм
Ϸοؿӣһݵĸ׳֮ټڹʧƣҸûа취һ档ģԼŮʲôǲסˡһ㣬ӣԺˡ
꣬Һ游ʱεĸסϷֵ˵ĸһֱҸѰ뿪թľǣݿɢһصݣҲԲԸˡ
.
ᵽȥĸصٴξ̡
ϻ̸ܸĸģҲֻʣ游ĸˡ
Ϸִͬ࿴۵ʱڰ׼ͬθ۵Сۡ


223 
˵˵̵̲ĶӳƬ, θڶˡְڷϣվ
ֻѽݹĴֲƤͺڰߣϵĽ۸롣
, ˡθЦݣͳĵ
ͺ⣬ֵع˹, , Ҷ԰үһ, ·ʧɢ游ֱӽ游Ҳҵ׽
˵ЦˡƷԱϷ游, Ϸɵ𡣡θ¶һĨ, Զ, Ϸ׼һֲ赭Сطʽ٣ϣ˲Ҫ֡
ҿүʧɢ游, ǽҳԿҽҲճԲ, ֲ赭ʲôʹһӣͬԼһڣɣ
θǳ˳飬ɫأ
˴֮, ˸
͸Űθ߳, ֱһߣһһƼһԺӡθܾС˵Ĳ, Լŷ², ȽǰͥԺ
׵ɰʯ, һƽ̹ʯС·ᴩɰһ߸ŰθȵĲ, һ߱ɰʯĴͼȷ֣Ĳ˾Ȼһɽˮͼһͷҵڱ϶ԴһССĻ¯¯ԱżΩΩФѼë
θͣ½Ų͹۲ɳ
ֽкã۹⣡ѼǺóԣ
θ
߽θһϯաһž˿òŮĿĲ룬ʽǶ࣬ʳĿȥֻһ֡
Ϸǧޣ˶Ѽһ֡رȫѼ磬֪˿ɻ⣿θζ
⼫ˣҲζû뵽үҲǰѼ֮ˣ־ȤͶȻܺϵовˣүͺҽΪɾһµԵ֣
˹ȻʹһڳΪ˵ǡθЦ
үҲʹһ˵ͷԣԴǰкһٶȳԣȳԣ԰׼Ҵգ
˵ţһѼŽһ׽ѼƤڿбѼۣ̲ͣס̾ζã
Ұ׸ɫ׵ĴǰŷԵҳѼ޲֮һθдֲ赭δ̫ʧϷ׼˸нɫĸݣһ͡
θ֣Ƭ̼ž͸輧нµشӵһµŮӡ
ŮӵһϼѣһȺò輧ĳ£Ȼܹӱ
黭ʫʸͨ齭ϣǧֻһҲ޹θȴһӽ뵽ԼҸΪݡ
ݵʯȹµٹˣ̾Ҫ˵ȫΪҲֻһˡ
ڽ̷ľ¸裬¥ªıݷҲпԭʲôҪҲΪͰѰθֵд
ʯɫȹڰз裬һһس
θŵؿ͡
߽üͷͷ˸磬֮ɫԱ
θ
ôˣǽݵλԯ޵˲Լͬʲô֮
θüڷݳֿһۼͷѼȴã˿ⶼûͶͣĸ꣬Ͳͷػ˻֣Ȼù͸ˣǻ羡ȥöˣ
Ȼˣŵعһκ棬ѩ׷ֱۡ
λˣıкβ֮ѧն֪꣬вָ֮һ
ͷҲ̧мͷʦҲҪÑǮָ̣㣿
û뵽һ곡ϷʻĻش
ѳڣòһĽ壬˫ֵݳָ̡
ڳһֻ֣ͷѼȣӹ˵࣬⸱ᳵ·ģһԵİθ۾·λص껹ձѵʱ
Ͱѽ崧Ƴ˵ϵһۣתаɣ㲻С
ˡȻ
ˣˣȥɣθĻ
ίίȹȥˡ
ֻʣ˺󣬰θڵ
ϧķʽǱ¡
ˣˡ˵Ȱү׼١ֲ赭°
θšš촽ǰһѼŽŵɵβͣŷ۵Ѽ⡣
̫үϷ˻ˡ
һŮͣſڣ
֪ΪΣθһɣüĶչֻɿ飬תͷһͣ
΢ķֺò׽θ߲㣬öӰװͣԼͣԺȥ
Ϸժͷϵӣθ֣һҲ⡣
أϷ˹ĵ
ʲô£θͷ漴һ䣬еأ¿Σ
¿ɫƺò
ܣθһɫ¸ҪǮûǮҪûݵӣܹʲôӣ˵׼ǰֽòϣ
⡭ܰɡͥİϷЩϻòֽˡ
ʲôܣҿͲǺˣθն˫۾û߹ۣСӣ۶úܣ
ϷմӦصĻԥƬ̣̽ش߷磺Ҳûʲôáҿ˼Ҫһö
ƨ⻰θϽͣΪˣôƵһӣôİ۳ɷѵļа֮ˣⱲӾ嵶һŮǹ
Ϸ˾ֵõɴۣθƬ̣˵
ȵۻｫ嵶빬Уȴֲسŵƴ嵶һ嵶ѻʧҲЩ˵Ĺˡºò׻ص׼ңȲԸػع͢Ҿ͸ѰҺò֮׸ҰڣסŮǿһ׮õģ˵׼ҪСˣСȥһУòȥӻǲ˵㣬һ
θ˼ȥӻŮʱϷٴ̽˵
ôҲûãܹҪµ˼ҿƺͦĵġ
ôˣθŭ¶һĨߣ嵶ǹʵѵôɵͷΣ
СϷѪɫʧ
Ҫ֪գϷ򵱳ðּ嵶޸ոˣ˵ҵ嵶θˣѾƵ˫⡣
鶼Ѿȥˣ˵Ҳû塭Ϸ˲˲ʪ˫ۣҪģǵµ⡣
Сʶ˲壬ϸһԲıθ˵
ҾáϷ˶˶٣СͣʱЩ񡣡
ǸУθüֲʲôˣ
Ϸۿ
θһ˵
֮Ͳˣһõһġ


224 
ʲô
Ϸ֪ɷû׼, Ϊ¶ǡ
θȴ̸
һȥдӣԽҼһʵɣ͡
أ
θšü, ûСھͺˣĲУԺָһѺ֣͸ȥġȻˡû취ðݺոһӷɡ
׵, ĺáϷ˵˵ͷô˵Ҳһڶʹ, 㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
֪ˡθͷ˵꣬˶٣΢仯򶨵ϣʼϷ˴Ƴϲʲô
ʲôϷһ㶡
͵˰죬ѵûµϲã
Ϸ, ˵µŴ粢󣬶ŮҲº, Ųƴǰ㽾ݡˡϵĴ, ˵Ȥ, ǰδ
Ȥ
⻹򵥡
θȥ, Ϸʵʲô
, θһġ
߳ź, ɣԺⷿ
ܿⷿС˯Ȼ֣ŵôϵߵĿˮæ
θ򿪿߽ⷿâĿָⷿһʮ
ȥſڣһϷӵʱ򣬰ЩҲȥ
СһЩʲôɺ۾ֻû׼ҵڷҲֻһšԷ˵дİүӣվȻһӣһ;ϡ䱦
Ҫ͵ļҹ

䱦ͣſڣһֺõССؽϵҵһ̧ͬԺڡ
ͱ˫֣еĲӴӰ׼ҲʳңһԺӾͱԺĺ۾
Ķ⣿˫۷Ź⣬첽ߵɺǰתһȦ
ǰ׼һŰϷдȥ͡
ôɡ°ͣ˲ոҰһӷҲμӣǷֶ֮
֪濴ˣﲻص˵Ϊ˲Ҫӷ磬ȫӣҲϯԲĸţʱ䡣
ǰ̫áͺԥ游Ǹ軵ġɱʮֻѼдңǰ׼ҰǴɱҺһ飬ȫȫβ߳׼ҡ
رЦ̲סؿһ¡
ôô˵游
Ӿʵϣ˵ٻץס֣Ϊ̫ʵЩ겻֪˶ٿ
㣬ʵʧЦûʵˡ
ſͷʱ۾˵㲻ʧġ
زɶλֻһ֮Ե游Ӻ档
Щǰ׼ģɨһԺĿĸֱгԵõй͵ģΨһĹ֮ͬϡС
ϡУζŹ
˵ǰɺɣ߹߾ǼƷ׼óֵľһ߸ߵĺɺ滹Ƕɫıʯէһȥ糺ϿˮɫĻ䡣
˵ˣǿڰֵģҲ֪ƷʹڹҲѵһ
վ˲ĵطڴ¥˵
¥
ظǸʲôطʹ͵Ȼ
˵ӳ̷¥ٳػǸеһ˿ζ
һҪװ⡣
ǲҲԣҲˡ˵ճԱ׼ȥҵҪħһ߻ǵһɣ
֣˵İɣҾҰҰѼлɳãҵף
رĳŵŪ̲סЦĲҲɢҪ˵ԼΣͽζ
Ϊ˱ҵףҪһ£
ɫ죬ʶȥԱߵˣС˺ŮǲԼͬƿߣ۾ǿվǿŵ棬һ޹ӣ·˵ţ
Ǽʲô
ߺ˵˵
õӬش󣬷ԸȽ׼
Һݹʱ뵽һ֦ڣϽڵزȻֵ׼䱦˵ʵ΢ҲһƬϵ⡣ǽΪͳҺ󣬻ص˱Ժݡ
Ŷڴϣ֪ʲôſһͷ
ױ̨ǰȡͷķҪޱߵ鷢ͺȻ˵
ϡ
ţ
һŬð׼Ͽҵġ˵ÿһֶ˼Ǻ棬ȻҪڰ׼ҵļ֤£¸һʢĻ񡣡
صʹ˫ڲס䦳յ޺졣
áС˵

ǧ֮Ľݣ紵ŴأӦůʱڣһڽСȴѻȸ
Ѫ۵׳֣һɫͤǰһȹ˵ϡ
ص˫֣˫ܹϸʮָȻΣͻĹǽϲɺԵѪ
վһԱߣӵֱλյͬš
֪ˣαص
һֻ۱һֻʱ͸֪ⲻǹӿڹķϣǵΪԹðˡ
ʱãҲ޿ġ
Ҳڹ޿ȻǸ˲
ѺϢˡ
һǱ̧ʵۣеؿͤǸʼûóһ⿴ˡ
һ΢紵Ҷ졣ĵڵͳĿС
ӡɳ飬ÿڶǴѵＷѹ
Ļľףͤһ΢΢ü
ˮˡ
С¯ϷݷӿԿȥԵ޶ԣҲֻܸۿŷˮðݡ
ĴϷһźͭݣݵϷ̽׭һֻĴḧϵ룬һԵĲƬ
˪ʵصĴչϯϣϸı˪͸·ϯĲҵ
ұԸˡ̧ƽؿŹ·Ůӡ
ˡ
ӿᣬŽĥѪĳؽϥʯСһֵİ߰Ѫ
빫ԭһأҲţǹӲˡ
֪ˣ
ǧȷҲˡԺӽʲôʲô£ˣ
ˡΪһô
ҿС¯ϵĹߣɫڿնɢڿС
Ҫʲôʲôȥˣ˻ƵӸѡ
˵ҵĲƬ
һ㶡
öƬöƬؿ˹̵ķˮ֮С
ø𣿡˵
ҧҧվŵ˫һѪĽӡһߵͤС
˿ķˮֿ˿㡣Ȼ󣬽̽˷ˮ֮С
еˮȻڹгһ˵ӹƮ˳
˵˵̵̲Ƭ̺ó˲Ƭ̽ˮİֱ۱ͨ죬Ұ׵Ҳĺ顣
ƬʧȥƵصڵϡ
Ƭóˡ
㿴˵ԸڷˮΪȡƬΪʲôԸʵ
Ѿ˵ˣ˵˵˰
㻹ҡ
㿴۾˿Ϊ
ʲô顭㵽زҲҪϧ۵رأ˵ò˵Щˡ
ӣҡֹЩ£Ѿˡ֪ˣӡӡ㿴ǰΪ㸰ķϣһذɡ

Ŀϣһ˿źоĿ־塣
ϧˡ˵
һΪץסԵķ٣󿪵Ĺ¯ǰȥ
ոָܵʹӣƤҲʹԭΪյĿʹͿ־ļ£û뵽иʹͿ־ǰ
˵˵ˣŴе
صֲѹԶ˹̵¯ӡ
û˵ֻñĿ⣬صȴ԰ס
֪˵仰ͻȥˡ
ǱĿµģһųªŤĿ
ſ죬;
Խš


225 
λ, ֪ͻȻΪ£ƣܸܲ͸͸ף
ȵɰŽµĴСһ𽻸ǰ
Ҳĺɰ, ȡɷ˵ذǰһѡ
ͤе㡣
ȵûͳĺɰ, ؾ, һ߻ǰȥ, һ߽޵Ŀɨܡ
ïܣҶƬдУǸɱĺõط
ȵ湭ĺ, ˱κ˶Ϥâֿ徻ƽ, ˳Ҷ֮, ïʢĲݴ֮Уȴ޲Ǳűɱ⡣
ؾصߵͤǰ
һѵѪʯһֱӵͤСƺʲô, ͤϽ֡
売, ǫǫӵĴ񣬷˲ɹʬĵطͺȾ, в߰׹ǾǶѲʬص˷ѡǣǿԢ⣬ΪӭԢ̬ԼǣǿΪԼ˽·ˣǣǿüӱЦ
ȵͷ, ͤǰ浥ϥ, ֮ͤ˹밲
ְȵ, μӡ
Ŀ֮, һƬȾŵޢָ׸, ȾǵѪʪϡ
ȵɿƿߣȴ˼
õޢȾ׵ģȻŮӡܱӼŮӣȥҲֻüˡ
Ҫ˵˭пָ׵ˣ˺Ȼʧٵ⣬롣
ǸϻļҼУãõˣҪǸһΪ˸Ľɡ
Ľɺܶ࣬ϧҲҪйߵĽɣࡣ
ˡ㿪ڵ
ֻͤһˡ
޲аһƬССĲƬ·һ糣ȵȴۼز׽ͤδɵˮԲִٵбʯ
ڸ״ȴûһ˿
ȵָ򷭹Ȼִټעˮϲ¯롣
̶Ƭ̣Ѱתǧء
֪ӼٱְΪ£ȵͷ
ҲһʱˣоΣʡ
ɹӺλϷշְЩĶࡣ
ֹǻĶɡ㵭һЦ˵ھг裬磬վģֵúۡ㵱С䣬ɳ
ˡȵͷԽ͡
ﴫOO@@ĸ̧һϤĹ˳
ȵϵ߹餣Ҳ֪ʲôˡ߹˴£һ·ߵݡ
Ǿ߹ƶʱͤĸˣ
գҵ֪һ׮¡
ȵԼ͸ոշ˼Ȼ֪˲Խˡ
Ҫǣ֪˶٣
ȵջĿ⣬ͷùӾ棿
Ҹոյ֪ԽδȻԽδƽ﷢ֵŮʬΪܹӵйױʡѵһ׮
Ȼ׮¡ȵ˵
֮ũŮΪλй֮
ǻԵɺ£˹ɡ
ﻻȡʳﵹҲ˵ùȥǧʲôѵԽĴ󷢣ҪΪũŮɣ
˵ȷˡȵ˵
㿴˳ģһЦ
ȷˣϵɺô࣬ٶһģҲ˵ʲô˵Ȼʶ֣ɶ
ְʱ¥ѧһ
һ
ȵ̧ͷͤˣɫóǰλá
ȵһ˵ͤӡ
֪ʲôݣ˵
ְѧǳֻϳͭݣľ㣬ľβһ֪ǷƷ
ǰ¹ͩƽƣշתУǴ͸Խġ
ˣְ䱦
޷˵ң֮
ڸļ£ȵڽ˫ַϹݡ
ȻеĲƬ˿ûнƬó˼
ȵĬָңˮէȻй
ʹ˫߹̶ڲϣȻ޷ϵ߰Ŀ⡣
Ҳϻʮָָһʼʹתԡ
ʲô֣Ȼ˵
һö룬׼ȷزȵķ϶̽⡣
һɣҾ͵ϣĵʹ
ø㿴ߣָʹҡ
ˣ㻺ԭ⾹һֵþŵô
ְֻЩԾˡȵ˵Ϊμʱְ˵Լ֡
ȵȵ֮ǰֽȸ˵Һ֪ȸ֮ǰֽʲô
Ϊдһʣ
ҿм죬֮䡭ǰʲôԨԴҲ˵һ
ȵһٴεָһѪϡ
˵Цˣְ֮أò˴ֱɲǴǰйԨԴӶȻǡȵ
ȻҲԨԴѵǺҸԨԴ
һԣչɫƽٵԴĦ⡣
ȵɷְˡ
ӶѪϣѪ߰ߡȵָҸϡãʮָĵʹͷϲ亹ȻûкͣҲֻܼȥ
ƽ壬Ѱһ͵ˡ˵ˣҵ𣿡

Ϊʲô˵Ϊ˼Ҿ֪˶ٶ𣿡
һڼ͵жϣһƺ߶ȵҧ
϶һƬεĲƬһͷѪ⣬ʺѪҺ˿ڴӿ˳
͵ܣѾ֪ˡ˵֪ģܡ
Ҳ˵ʲô
ȵĺ﷢˻˻ΪŲƬֱתµʱȻǸ絭ı顣
һ徻
ӣѾáشСһߴҴȭ
ӲƬջ֣ȵõǻ
ü㻹ʱ֯Ļԡ˵Լſڡ
վתͤһߵȥ
תһɲгת˲Χͤȵ
Ͷһᡣ
ӦתͷԸ´ȵ
Ϣ˵żз纮͡ǱǱߡһߴǰУһǰݣ븸׻ؽ򡣡
ԥƬ̣˵ӴУǷҲҪүܣ
ӭعǰ²κ֪
صͷ

컹δڣѾл͡һʱµһżз纮ϢѴС
ȵҽ䣬űʯͷǽڱĿ񡣶ʱʱԶ϶̸
˵ַϥϣڵѪѾɺԡ谵УӰǡȱʧİϡƬӰ϶ΪһƬµİݡ
֪˶ã̸ֹͣˡһȳȵĲŷͰ˽Ҹÿһһɥʧʳķˡ
ֵȵʱӵķҨ£ķѹѹͳһװ˵ķ롣
ˣ˵˻šôˣѹ
ȵƺԤϣԱ˫ۣƽôˣ
ˣˣġѾµˣЩһмؿȵ
˵˭ܾ͸˭ţλҲţλҪһСæȵ˫ۣĿɨסӡ
һΪѡԥΣҧҧ˷ģͻȥߣﵽ˰ȫĵطһҲȥ
òžҡȵ˵
ס
һֱȴĻᣬˡȵ˵
ʲô˼
ีȲվͻؽݣֻҪ͵ǰȵóһų¾ɵŽ˲㻹˶顣


226 
ݵĴĩĳ, Ĵһ
ͰŸ¥磬Ҳȥ׸硣һ·ϣ̲סһ϶, ̾ѵؽֵķ顣
ǧٿ׵ľܵͬݷ·ͣڴǿʢʱڡֵ, ִ߽С̷ﲻ洦ɼƽŮӣҲɾĲ£ϵıҲǰ͵ġ
һθʳʻķ㡣
ڰ׼ͣº, ׼ҹܼԽӴ, һ·ϥ˵ĲȥƤ˵ͣһݹأСĽӴ
ȵǰ, ;ڶɽȣûʵ̨ͤ¥, ؿðզࣺ뿪ʹѾܾûмôֱʵլԺˡ׸ĺ, ʹ, Ҳ˶١
Ժǰͣ£², Խż, 䵽жϡ
ܼ֪ʶȤ, ߺ̧ߵСС뿪ԺֻʣһˡڵĶϿ첽߳, Ϊ׵Ƕǰڹйһ֮Եİθ
, ʱ֮, ߸ͻȧԵ, ۿͼɫ֮ĸҡ
غᣬæǰסҪдĶϡ
游ĸҪ񡣡
θȴֹȥִ˹񡣰Ϸ˼״Ҳ˴
񣬰θذ
½֦ҶӦġⲻǼ񣬻Ϊ˶Ŀǲܵſӭ֡θ
Ѿ빬͢ȻͲʲô游ĸˣҪ˵ҲҸǡݸӣóȻǰݣ˵游ĸ鷳˵
ﱲ鷳𣿡θе۶ؿأҼǻСӲ֪˶鷳ҲûҸϳôͷŷĸ鷳ɣ
𵽴İ飬ΪЦ
˵˵θȥ̬һ岻ϵİϷ¶εı飬游׼ݸ㣬ȹﾫ£㿴ϲζ
رº󣬸ʽϵıŻĵĲҶؾͺɽë塢ͥݴɽ롢®ɽȲʮ֡
θʢȴƺкöóдسһӵĺͲˮûüЪ׸׼ˣֱ˰ȵĲϡ
ڰθǰغһԷĺͯԼò磬ѻʳԽԽࡣ
ټУͷŲˡϷ˿ȥȰ
ŵ£ŵ¡θؿأſԵĶ̫ˣ빬һ˺ܶ࣬˼ңʲôͳʲôҪѴǰµĶǡ
ɬЦЦͶҺܺãûʲôࡣ
θһֹı飬ſڸҪ˵ʲôԱߵİϷ˾ײһѡ
Űѻ
֪Ҫ˵ʲô֪ͺܺã˲֪游ֻҪʱ䣬һ游ı⡣
Զ϶ԱĹذܹǵò
һٷ꣬ɽ亣ζһ顣ʵǳԲˣķһ뵽ҪźȲ裬ؾ;ͷ
ڣϷƺľȣҪڰ׼һߡ
θͬ⣬ǰ·
·ͥԺͼɽ¥̨֮󣬰θһľԺӡиոջ˸Ŀȥʧȥ˷ܵ˫»ָеһȻͱ˸ƬǵĺĽŲҲȻٶ
ڣҲܲ³ʲôط
θóĬȡ֮ڵһԵİϷˡ
ǰסԺӣһа趼ϲΪ׼Ҽֻӣò׵һŮ
¶һĸ׻Լİʱе飬ߴһĨЦ⣬˵𱸵Ļȴֻᡣ
游軵
˵ңθҲûٹߡ
ĸ빬꣬ǰסԺȻɾ£֪ЩһֱչլԺ
ǻţгһգ빬ΪŮܵõʡ׵Ķ䣬ٴסسĵط
ֱ䷢ų顣
⴦ľƺħǰ˵Ц˱Թ
ߵſʱθȻͣԱ߲Զһǧָȥһпָ꣬ǧ
ؿѾԸǧԺֳ︡һ˫٣ŮͯվǧϣЦݵĻ档
ϣʱ׵İ벻Ҳ벻׼ǧ飬֡
ĸԵνģ̲ס
Ǵʲôɣ϶û˵Ƭ̺󣬰θЦһ˵⣬ҪҪʲôΪʲô
ү
Ϸ˲ͬؿһۣĸŮ׵Ļᣬ⸸׻Ǿ֮
¿أ꣬ȵ۵ǻһѲڽڶ˼ѡǼҽӼݡԵɺ£嵶ȵй֮ԵӦþǴʱȵ۶嵶ģ֮󼸴Ѳָǰ׼ҽӼݡ
Ϸͳ֮󡭡ʥּˣ嵶빬ˡȵǱ֤ƴ嵶һʼҲȷˡ嵶빬ʢһֱʮ꣬һʵ˵ǲ˼ġǼʱ򣬾ȴʧ裬乬Ϣ˶٣̲ס¿֪귢ʲô
Ҳ
ҡҡͷңԶļɶ
ĳһ𣬸ʾͻȻʼ谮ĸ󳳴ֻ֣ǰѸƵø֪ʲôʱ𡭡ҲĹˡֹ˺ܾãеĸǰҫĸһ⡭ǰ״󣬸ʾͰˡҲûȥ򸸻飬ҲֻǱĸУԾס
оʲôϷü
ܷʲôϲɣθû
Ļٴεõ˰Ϸ˾һۡ
˵䣬ҡص߱һ챦ЩǰүϵرΪŮռ䱦ǱʢʱĿ湬Ҳضá
ذֵģӿյĳҵһƻ
ĸŮʱڵģϲ
ǳλ֣֮
һʣ֪ΪȴϵһζӣͲԼͬӵһ˿Ϊѡ
ӭĲ񣬰ϷڿˣⲢǴ
غ֪شûκӡǵĻϲһ˿쳣Ǻ
ϻ࿴һۣƺò׼ҪҪһᣬǰθڵ
һȵÿѲҵˡ
һԺֳ֡
ʸ鸸Ѳ˲࣬ÿ飬һҵˡֻô
ҪԱ䣬ֻһѡ
θ̾˿˵Ǹ֡
Ǹȡ࣬ȡ


227 
ͷ, ݵĴСȻС
ŵƽʵĴ¥ǰˮ硣ȵĿ˱깫, Ͱ¿Ͳһİպò׽һһ˵һŸոտʼ
һҵƻ˸ƮĻ¥ڴ¥¥Ĵǰʻһ貵ӣڷʲС
ͱԴ, Ĳɵؿǰݵĸݣǰйٲˣһڶû
ƺԸ費Ȥװ˵
ģû˼˵
װһ, һԵ¥깫ӭװＸ󣬹깫߳, ûһ, ĵͻ¾ͻ˼Ĺ֣ɴ£Ŵ輧ת볡ȹǷ, Ц
ʿ޲עĿеĺȵòˣ
װӺ󿿣Żƻα, ĿⲻźۼԵ͡
ߺĿ, 󷽷ش˸Ƿ
װ΢΢ü
ʹǷ, Ķ, ȥһ¡
깫ӭ˿ҪСĴ·
֪ô, ø˵
ҡҡλεسţҿ˿ڱϷȻȥȽ˵ıְһأɢɢ̬
⿪½һȡ¹º֮Ͳʳ;ˮһ˹ͰְͲ£ӳ˴⣬ȡµͲڴϣϵۡ
ǮռӱˣΡ
½Ͱһָֻģҡҡλ߳
һ֫ϸǰӿ¥ŮͬҡҰųϷźϼƺѾòᡣͺʱŮӽһˣ˹
üһ
ͱǰ輧תÿ죬һգ۱һԡ
¥Ůû˵֧ŵ㣬һʺ˳ȥ¥ݣ¥˵󾪺
̽¥ݿһۣȷˤͷԷε¥ŮûˤˤһĪջĿ⡣
ҡţ߻˰װ͵ķ䡣
Ȼ裬ɫԸе輧ͣһƨӣЩƶĽĥв˼ֽǮ
ʲôԵİװȻڡ
Ͱʵ˵˳
˵Цˡһڶʹѵܽ忴
Сɼ󣬴졣˵ôˣٳɶ
װĬһᣬ˵˵飬ǺʺϾ̡
ɲ˵ǰЩѼ¸ˣҪǡͶ˶٣Ų˵׷ɱֵĻ䣬ˣúᵱ¡ڶʹҲٲüŹٷ͹ȥ
͵Ļðװ˳Ĭ
ݰ˾޼˽֪ٶǮȻǱ΢̻ǼƶϴҲеЦһͭºΣһѹǲһҲס
װĬĿյͣ㺹輧Ƿ׷ͣ貽òΪϵȵ輧ҡҷؾžյ
նɱαۣΪȥһͷ󻼣Ź֮Һλ¥гŴӢ¼ԴĽѾãһūҴλþˣ˲Ҫƾܲǡ𷢱۵輧˵Ĺٻ˿ؿ͡
ֵˣٺ³˴¡òá
ˣһ輧һίεε˵ĺľܾūң
ʲôݲĵģͳԾǺ𣿡
輧һϣϵЦҡҡ׹
˼Ȼȣȥɡװ˵
輧˰װϲŭһۣԥԥվ
Ȼ˲ʤūҾͲǿˣ»лᣬ١
輧һյҺٿس
ʼδľʪؿڡ
ˡūҲģ輧޹Ǻ߹ȥȻ̧ͷ͡
ֱŵģȥװڣ輧׼һͷҲص˴
üǰˮ
ˡҸ᷿ɾѣװ˵
깫ͷˡ
ˡ˵Ҵ˴ﶬѹȥȥͻء
װ˵ȥĿɿڴһˣıӰ߳
һ¥Ĺ񶼱͵Ӣ˵һԴԴϵ˷ɡ
Ҳ輧һĲﾪĻӦ㿪Щڡ
Ҫװռˣ붼룡
òӭ˺ҹ¶⣬кȵô̲סϴİ˼ַݣʼ޶ԡװһʼг񣬵ľˡ
ȫһ飬΢һЩ˽ڴ¥ˡȻûһ͡
⻹
ػɣŮһ֮ˡ
Σ˼ȷʵûáļٵģ;ǰе鵱ӣмһˡ
ڽβ
ǰͲڴ˻ؼҵ
СŶȣצһ뵽װŰ嵽ľ͵;ʮֿ⡣
ͣͣͣóŵȥ·߸Ľ
ݳСæͣͽȥľλһһĴүĽյӡ
ͽҿ̳ǣںһڣɤ﷢˻˻ƹζ
Żǰʻȥ
ŶȣһߺŻյӣƿҹĻµݡ
طð
ҪԺɽ֣ɴݵɽ
ˣ£ǵðطѼӣܲɽաҪسԺúȺòƨֽء
ңδ¸·͵˼ԽԽԶ
ⲻ֪һðҹݵͣլǰ´ĸ˳Ļ£߽˱ǿƿĴš
в֪۾ţŸĻѡ
һ䳯ǳʲôǲ֪´ˣ
æͷΨǻ
ŵĺլͥԺվһѾ֦ҶïĹ£һԲؿͷĹҶ
ӡͲڸСؿ첽ǰϥ棬Ƿһˡ
˭ƽ
ݰϵĹӣ顣
ž޲һ˿
ӹջߣԽĿڱǰ澪ֵİϡ
黹ûߵǰ˫ϥͲͨһˡ
үĶҪһɫôµĸ㰡
ʲô
һݣ˴µĺ⣻ڶݣֱӱ׵ʣ˯ҹ˴ӴϾ𣬻ûѾͱƵµǰ
﷢ģⱲҲҪˣ
á÷򡭡鼷һȿ޻ѿЦݣͰ͵㡢Ҳݳռ


228 
÷򣿡
㵭һЦ, ظ˰ǰĳƺֻϰĿĿİͰͣͳɤ, һ˿⡣
׹ӵ÷, ͻô
⺬ɳӰһ仰ð鶼Ĵͷˣ
үɱѼĶ
Ц÷ῪЦ
׹ϴγʱ, Ѿ֪ԽδϢˡ˵֪˶Ŀ
˵ǰվڹʱ, ֪زһ֪˴𰸡
ںͰط֮, ûҪİǴȥθ
Ըġ
ĸԸһͼ޸ĸҰߣҲԸصߡ
ûκʵ, һдϷʹ
㻺ߵǰĿ⸩Ųشӿ³ɭȻĻ
׹ӣǳϡƽ屧һ߲֪Ůʬ, ʲôغǿɣ
˸ЦѾ֪˵ʲôˡ
ڴǰ˵ѣһԡ
ڼȴǰ˵, ȡ衣
˵ѺŪͷ, Ϊ֪µ, һлԶֻȡ衣
ں޲һ, ôȥ, Ҳñȹĺá游żҷ׷ʱҲûô¹
游²˴Ͳһˣϲһ²˴ҸͷͰһͽ
ôӣѼ
á÷򡭡ҲǱƵİҲ֪ôͷչˣҡҵʱԼҵȻø׶ҹĿ࿴ҡҵȻ֧÷ģ˭֪Ѿˣҡ°⣬Ȼ󡭡
ǰԲֻŰԼͰ׼Ҹ̳ȥͰ͵
Ҳ֪ôͷչˡҪ֣͹ҰɣͰ׼ûϵ֪鲻Ĵ
ô㣿ᣬɫȴ˪һô̹ǣãע⵽һֽȲ֪ôչǾϸһ飬ϸҡ
ϣɴ۾ǣ
㿴˵
۾ɵԽͭ塣
ȥĶ
ڿˡ
Ű飬³֣ȥݡ

ĺݽһشŰ׼Ĳ˿ȹϻ˯ԽҡԽһ÷ċq˯˹
ȳʪݣʲôһ÷أ
غһ룬¿ŷ֋qŹֵ飬ĿתضԼͷؼ˺÷¶һ뾪ϲһԥɫ
ôˣһ
ˡqֹѵû֣Ѿû𣿡
𣿡һ
աҸϸأqһƶ³նûҷ˽ϲĶ˯Ҳˡˡǲϲˣ
ҺѾ÷ȹˣȻ˿̶Ȼᱻһ÷Ǻ
ССϲˣŵûʧɫͰ͵
ǰq˵ûϲģ˯Ҳˡϲʲô
ɣʶҡͷ
qﲻִ·ϣôֱ֮ķӦ
Իü˵ҪȥҸƽ壬һѣ
ҲؾܾˣȻںŻع˶˵ڻáٵȵȣҲ̫ļˣ²ƳգҲһϲˡ
ÿοҲ֪ڿοqﻹԼٵȼ˵ˣǧܸ͡
qﲻԣǴӦصҪ
£û˼˯ˣڴȴȥ˯ţһۣѲʱһ˳Ѫˮ
˰ɣ
ԽԽûףԽԽ¡ƨ˲˵ÿζҩôôỳϣʮꡪûõ׼ؼǡ¡
³ΪһˣҲͣҲܼdȵϤס
ǣȻ
졣
ĸ˵ÿŮ˶ᾭĹŹء
һƽ£ŮΪðһ쾭¡
زףĸŮΪʲôе£ͺҲһףΪʲôϡƽ¸е־塣
һͱװ˳ȥȲ裬ֱҲû
ڵȴ͹ʱĲͿ־޴йתΪߡ
ҪƨÿĥҪƨһͺߺҪƨѡ˸ûõıõһշת𣿣
ĵƭãȥȺȲˣ
ԽԽӴȭͷߵش͵ͷ
ƨˣѼ
ѼӳѼӣˣȲ裡Ȳ裡Ǻ㣡
ȿȿȡ
ˮٵػϣһһﴫͻأĿ
ͷ²յؿš
˳˳װ˵
ͻֹǰòŮԼؿ˼ѿöҶ˳ȥ
ôˣװۻĿ⿴͡
裬ɬɤӣϲͳһԵŮûյӣϸ
ѻȸƬ̣ŮһΪѵûյӡ
װڵȾƣ´ȥõİ˷ţĶſΪһ
ſƸˮļپһյӹ񫣿һ⴬յӶûУҲ̫ˣʲôꣿգ
һѹסװĲӣսŬܵ˷ܵ
ϴҴӴ¥ȥ·ϣһҾҵյӿǹҶˣʱԺǼҾϦʳǲȥǼҾ÷ɣ㣡ǧҿ
ŮСȫɴ۾ڽϺ绽İװֱ
װҲû뵽˵ʮ˸ֹӣʲôƦå𣿻ʮ꣬ͷ˸ô
ˡװŬƽͣȷ֡
ôʲôһ˿˵ӣֵҪ˶ãҾͻΪʱǲ˱֣ͲƽཻǸóΪĻᣬ׽˽ǣ˵ǲǣ
װ˵ܾĻ
Ϊסĺֻĸ첲Ųʿ
ڶݵһ˲˺ڵͷ֪Ͳþܾ˲ĳƺ١˲ñһʮëͷС˵
󣬰װǿдеľľϣɤӵһξơ߳ʱװѾ²ȣҪСһԲͣȻ硣
ûˡ
װһԼȻؼҺʵòβ͡
Ҫǰھͺˡ룬˲ĵĳСӱıûУµһѺ֣͸ȥӴͣ˵Զ
һߣʹӼݳСҪһƬҶӽ
һƨڳϣɵý߿ڵĳһ߿Ŵ˵Ľ־һߺС
СںȻֻӵȵһ٣𽥳
ֱ壬ĿңңŴ¡
Ӱ߲ҹĴ£Ʈߵ㣬ҵһ⡣ﰲżһʹ/֨ѽһͷĴڴһ졣
һߴӰ˽
Ų˴İѵķ綴Ѩ󣬶Ӱ̽Ŵ֮߹ӡ
ٷȻһþλʡ
ߵͷһηŲͣ
ƽ
Ⱦؿſűʯڣ˫۵꣬Ŀȱʧİϡ
ȵ¹Ըȹȥ
Ķͷߵϵ棬
Тݲƽμ常


229 
ƽ, ڴ˴üôģ
ĸȻź޷ɥĸʵ, ڻãѡ뿪ǡС, ˵ݺΪ, ֻһ¥æԵʻʶ򴨽ڶʹڡȥϴ˾飬ܹΪ常ЧȮ֮, ֮ڸ֮ͶЧ, ϣܹ常
ȵĶͷȻڵϣþǰһݣ, 򶨵˵
ֻǸӲ֪ҵĹȥΪǲ֮ͣŲɸ˵ܡû常׿ϣƽԸ߹, ԱͶԴ֮þƽ޷, ֪常վͻ᷵ؽ, ˽ĸµóȻ͵常ǰҵ˵ͳˡ
̾˿˵, Ŵ, ⿪
Ƭ, ȵϳصͱˡվ䲻ηĿ£ֱͦ߳ҡ
Ȱ˸˷ԡ¡ʱ󣬻Ȼһµȵ˸Ķ᷿Զмһ̴ľϷһɰ̥Ĵۡ
ԭ򴨽ڶʹԨԴȵ˵ʧȥİ󣬸Ȳ̾˿룬뿪Ǻ󣬾ô
еãƽȻòɲҲ˱ෳ¡ҹʱ򣬿ѹѹ깫Ů¥Ĺ깫ûмһಡƽΪӹһ٣Ҳøȵɫƽ
ô˵ܿˡ˵ҵ֪ĸȥ󣬱뽫ӳ̷ȴٲǵͶңҲͲôˡ
ȵͷûЩƽʹ常ߣҲǶ˸лľҷˡƽãֻ󣬲Ż֪նҲ常Ч常顣
İɣȲұ㽫ݸ֪֪ͨԵɺ㲻Ϊ㡣˵ʱգ㵽°ɡǰǺְ񣿡
ָ˾Ŀȵ
üȻϤǾͼھӪֻǾְЩҼǵñָ˾ָʹְɡ
ƽ֣̿ߵл常ʶȵˣŸҾһݡ
Ȼһ常㲻˶񡣡˵
ȵӦ
˴ߵôæ֪ȥΪΣ
ӢЩ֣Ӵǰˡȵ治ɫ
ڰΪ˺̸˼βֿʼ֡ǸôһˡüûжȵĻɡ˼գûԺҲû˯ãվЩϢɡҽг׼ҹԵʱʱȥá
ȵҾֵл常ġ
ɫգҽȥָ˾Ρ

ȵ齣ҾıӰ
ƽ常
ȵĽŲȫԶ᷿ȵ̧ͷ
αĹʧȡ֮ѹĺ⡣߻ǰ˸ǱֻմڴĲյָսɫ׷ࡪֱһյѡ
ƬģȾ˿˿ѪĴ۲ˮ˳ָ
Ųˮһ˿˿Ѫ˵
ʮһ궼ȹˣٶȼʲô
磬һҪúõġ

ڼȵҹŵȵ٣һζͻؼҡ
Ǻ֪飬ģĻͲϳ
ǿѹĻϴ꣬ϴƤЦضʱﵽ۷塣
Уس֣ߵشһ¡
޹ؿֲ˹ҳԹҩˡ
Եļҩֲãѿڶ
ôǼҩأۣͷԸץģ˵Ƕ޺ǰһˡ
¸ƨ
ҩںװ˸ըҩ¯ӣ
øֱ棬תͣûУ
ʲôͿ˹˭ˣӣӶȥ
ģת۾
˲κˡ
Ȼġ
ã˵Ժ˯ɡ
ͣ
վſڣãȻؽסӽͷȻŷһǰϡ
žĿȥƬ̣ͺȻζͷҪٿţȴŴ˨ֻŷţܻأϣ
ǷѼӣﴫĻػ
ôˣ˵Ҹϳʲô
˵㶼Ϊҳ𣿡ﺰοˣԺ˯죬ǰ첻ǻ˵ȵ˯žҿã
øƨòУϽӿţ˿ʲô
Ц÷ɿ졣
ʱˣƽʱҪһôŤŤģ
Ҫܣ
㡪ÿҪѪӵŮˣ㲻ҪӹҪ˭ܣ
Щ³µһ֣òףͷȥ
˵֣ӻ
Ժ˯ɣҪǲԺ˯ȥ˯ҲУ
أб¿˵أ
û졣
͵̫ҹˣֵֻ֣رͷߵǰ̨¡
Ҫӹ⣿ѹ
ﰲ
˯ذ壬˯˯ð𣿣
ȻûӦ
˵п˯ðȡ
ͣô˯ðȣ
Īͱϳңգͷ˳һʱ䣬űණ˻ûһᣬǰԺһСѡ
óӣٿȼ˻ѡ
˸ľȼյžҡڴϣ˼⣺ѵƨˣɥĲҪһѻ
ɻĺӣ
ܻŰɡ
ذ಻ס棬Ӵſڡ
ýˣһɿζŷƮ˽
صɴ۾Ų˼齫ƿһŷ졣
ºˣ廨ͿýƵ׶ֱײҰƮɢϻһ˱ҲųؿһĶӣת˲ļ
㡢ҹڸʲôĿɿڴ˵
տ΢̧Ƥ㿴
ˣ
ϳӣҹǰģ
ؿǿƲӲӽǵ廨⣬˿ĭ
Ҫȥĵط
ҲƤҾҪ㿴廨ＹͻˣãӣһҪóжóԡ
һ
һţﲻʳ
ʱ˶ԺʱԿ⡣سԵһͣİáĺҲܲסջĺܲסջ
㣬ԵġӲ˲ǣЦ㼸ûԷˣ
϶ûԣز
Ϊʲôûԣ
Ϊʲô÷ĴҭòУʲôҲԲȥˡ͵ҹտʳ
ǲԡ
ǴϡԴһ¡
ûΪΰҹϳţҲû˵
ʲôû˵ȴʼҡˡ
֪˵ĺӣһܸ˰ɣ
͡ԥԥؿڣò׼ҪҪ¸
ţ棬˴ȼյĻѣĵػӦ

سĬƬ̣˵
Կ㡣
üҪͦ࣡
Ȼûȥˡ
ؿıӰĬĬ˵ٵȼաٹգҪǻͰ¸ɡ
ʲôӦأ


230 
ڶ, ƣϴ
һ磬ؾͺһͬ, ⻹ݺ󣬵һһͬš
ŽҲû, Ĳɣ͵ĺ, һ·ݵۺܸȤ
Ȼǽˮ, ׼۱ˡ֮̽, 򴨾ڵ׼ǸصݵıֹҪݺ֮佨һ·׺ȵ⵽ٴ׷عʯ, ׬
Ȼ, Ȼ¶ûô, ˳뷨˼䡣
ʱ͵, طѼ࣬ǿڵһѼ, ʱǾڼǮˣƨֽҪҪ٣
˵, Ȼһˡͣ½Ųͷһ, ͣһĥֵǰ, һź̬Сĥַ
˻ȥ, վ, ҲſСĥ֡
ŷŷݵС, ڵ滢ͷЬСŻ˯СǺ«Ե춼ǵСཱུͯŮͯɰء
Ǻ«Сˣ˵Ҫ𣿡
γѣҡͷˡ
ϲʲôõģ̇ͷһڴĵ˵ȫ
һҪܾҾѾһϲӦˣգ
Ƭ̣һĥ־ͽһĲСľ䡣Сľ䣬ױϡ
ľ䣬̬Сĥ֣Խӡ
кŮ
qȻһľˡqʢŹϹˮ̷ŵϣ˿֪ĸľֵôˣҶûأ
ʲôÿġĥֶѡ˵
˻ûشҵأqԴһкŮ
аɡ
кһү˵Ļ˵첻Ϸߡqɫһ䣬ҪŮһˡǺ«һ
Ǻ«
ģqȻһЦ
رò
ϲһŮкҲУһ̥кĺáqһŷһ߶߶˵ţȷ˵СһúչҵŮ첻Уһɱ㣡һɱ㣬ԣ·ϴһչ˵׵ģֻҸˡ
û׼ŵ飬ôôˣ̲סЦˡ
˵»û⻹׼ţõʲô׼ţqһƶ˵ֻԶ˯ӭСͺˣˡ¸үûУҪ֪ˣһϲòˣ
ض֪ˡ
qɴ۾˻û¸ү
ⲻǻûŻôС˵
ɱȺˣү֪Լϲ˵q
˭ˣһңغ͋qﶼһ
Ұ·ȥϴˡqץϴ·һܳҡ
˭ˣͿأһ顣
سĬؿ
㿴ʲôͲ˭ˣ˲ϲˣ
㡭عӿм
˭Ͷ䣬ûԳʳ
㣡ϲˣرۣܲ˵غձù̡
μž
ۣ𾪵˫ۡ
ϲˣ˼طһ顣
ص˵ͷĿתؿ
ãȻǻңţһɱܵϲóӣϲòƬ̣һǱռ˫ۣת˲嵭ϵϲɫ
ֵֹģΪ¶
ɬص˵ͷ
һһشڵǰӦͰ𣬷ŵ˴ϡ
ڸоô۲ۣ񲻶ģԵʲôҪҪ˯һ
Ŀɿڴؿͻǿҹĺܲϰߡ
ʲô
ڼȻ˫ӣͲǰˣһš뿴͵˵
˵ʲôģߣô첲һ¡
Ҳ㣬ϡһضյһ ʶ
ʲôʱֵģΨˡ
ǰա˵q˵ºþûˡ
Ҵ򿴹𣿡
ٵȼգһء
û
ɫص˵ͷ
Ӧðšüͷһ˼ı飬ӳҩôỳϣ
һ㶣Сؿɫ㲻Ҫӣ
Ҫ˵ûϣҾͲȥҪΪĿ࣬ѻϣҵȻҪĺӣҵȻҪôܲҪ
ֿǿҵǿķ˻ȥ
㡭ôأ
ô룿Ȼչ˺ˣҲӽʲôҲˣһźúúõģʲô֨һϾʲô֨һ͵ߣҸϴɢҪʲô˵ɽɽҲ
رЦȴһؿ
û㿪Ц¶áҲı˸ҵ취ȥҸ͵ʦѧաһ
ر쿪Ļŵûʧɫǧ嶯
ҪǡͰַƽ̹СϣżɫؿʲôĵطһҪҡܶСĲ׼ҲӷҲۣһҪԼš
ھһ̬ηηţͺȻͷͷļͣƬ̲
ֻҪƽƽĻţ߻šϣҲŻӭ˵ĵҵ˼𣿡
һӾˡ
ԭȥ˹Źһȥص˲ֹһˡһˣһΪǺ¡
ǣʶһͬʱ̾յĿ־ɢ
ûµġַ͵ĺԣḧ˳ڷοһܺãСͲβ̫ҽҲûءҲһܹƽƽȹġ
ʲôҲû˵ľһڣܹоԸڵǡ
ٰοʲôͲԼԼһơǸÿҹµĲλϣɫ߷ߡ
ɵʲô£
ǰƿûŵæץס֣ˣʲô
֪ӾͲˣһûڣҪи̣ô
˵ЩģԽǻţطԽ򶨣֣庢ο㲻˵ҪȥѧϰҾáȥ˽һ㣬ʱеҲǺõġҲ㵽ʱڲ˼롣
Ҳû뵽Լӻû󣬾Ѿյ龰˳뵽˺ӳԺ󡪡
ȺӳҪϰ䣬ȸļãԵĹʦ󣬿ԵϰɳúãԼලÿѧ
ô֪Ǹкغ
ŮҪϰ䣡ϵ㿴ſ׷ɱֵп˸һС⩡Ůܷģ
Ůϰ䲻һҪսһҪܹԼҪһ죬иģαӳӲڣ˵ʲô֮֮Ҳһ죡
˵˵ʲôأֺЦϰǿԣЩֵֹ뷨ͲҪ̸ˡһ黭ʫʸ踳иأˡ
ڴؿ
ҲŮ죬ͽˡ
һӶŮʦӲ̡
ߵŮʦ̵ĺãĸ첲Ů켼ʧ
ʧʧͶҪǸҺͱ˵ӻ廨ˡ
Ȼסص̲סһڴŤһֻ¹ССϺס
źˣ˵
Ǳһɿջ
ڴϣٲңһµ˿մڴǡǱͣ˫䣬һ⣬ϵЦݱȴöĿ
ġ
ֽǵ˿Ķ˵ǻݰɣվȥ׼ҴС
ǶӴˣͲٳ;ˡݣᷢʲôебô˵Ҳݴðġ
Ĺǣ˵ͷá
ְַС۾𣿡ҡҡͷq

һððʧʧԴ̽˴Ϊ˱ײϲŶ͵ċq
Ҫ𣿺֣ȥ
Ϳڣͷˡ
ʱqһ뷢԰׵ĴˣһؽܣĴȥҽնòġ
λҪƽ𣿡ϴҩ䣬ǰغһ
ظҪ˵լӵˣˬʵЦʹԺ˽ϡܱϳصɻֻ˶ݵļգۡ
ŲͣԺ⡣
ôЦqȥͨһүͷˣ


231 
شǰδõ׼ҪݷõϢ
֪, ׼ҶϻʮòΣӵܰݷá
ԺССĻһӾͲˣԺر, Ϊ˰ð׼ʮӡ
װԶǰߴŹž޲΢Ц˵Щ˶Ұ׼ҵſӴĽѾãմ˴Ϊ򴨽ڶʹһ, Ϊպָһ򡣡
ƤЦⲻЦĥÿ죺Ľӣǽǲİɣ
Ĳİ׼ңǿиɻ, תͷҪŮǶ˰ɣ
װַĿӶ, ض豭һڡ
һǽ֮, ׼ҶϺҵ޺ϡ
һðȲ, ɻ
˵׼ҴЩӵǡ
ġθŰ룬һԵõ⿿׼һ, ⸻άּҪһǽࡪٶǮҲᱻܹ⣿˾˳, ҾͿʼĥ¶ϵׯҰ׼ҿ, Ϊľھ֮šʵ֤, Ҳ졪Ȼ˾˲, 硭
θ̾˿
ûʲôë, Сëһѣӣȴ֣µ˾һߣͻᱻ˳ԸĨЩȻҰ׼ӵܣǼףСͺͰ׼Ѫһİ׼ӵҲûʲô𡣽ҰǴΪ߶߶˽˽⡣
ǸߵģΪºƽϲӦйͬ⡣θ߿ӣΪһһԱǸµģ۶Щ˲Ϊҽβص׵ܣЩһֱֻ۵ҡǸںȲĿûУӶ԰ɣʵŮӵֶûȥ˵仰׼ͣǸ
游̲ס˰θĻ
֮ⲻھƣθˣЩӵĴ壬Ҳˡ
Ȱ游ˣϷһεˣʱ͹ִ֮ӹִ˵ʲôȥ
е飬źθԵ£ҲͲ˵ʲôˡΨһŮ£ܿƭ
ûбƭ˵
㻹ûбƭθɴ˵ҷģһʼĳףĹƻ󣿡
һʱ
һ֪мۣƨҶ֪Ҫʲôʺҿ͸վһθӵ۵һĹò״ЩײеѾ˶һ;öԷǸˡģǲ˵һŮӹ˲ȫȼٳ˶ĿٰѰˣ
أ
ȻûҵԼˣ
Զԡ
Ǳˮ˰ɵӣθʹļ׵
طһʼֻȨ֮ƣߵģҲĶҵġ
һӣȢĽ֦ҶܲĶж£úöԴǶĹΣ壡θúӲ϶
ôͷȥˣæ游ĶҺܺá
ڶʲôãθ˵꣬ҲãҪǣΣ
뷢԰׵𽥲ǵ˫Ҳһ⣬գգۣƻᣬǿӲ̬ȵ
ʧȥʧȥˣ˰ʱ˵ĳŵģ棡
˵θ˵
ҪһҲǲСǹٻؼңǰ׼ҵŮǾ޳ţյһһҪʲôʲôֻҪǰ׼У
游ͣؼ
ţҲţθŭѵʹûʳԹ
һڵذϲһ̶졣
ÿ˽θʣͨһ޺ǰ

׷ҵİװ״˺ߵĻŲҲͣ
ʳԹ˵
͵ĻûŴ޺ȥض˶١
ȢصʱʲôûСҴӦҪ´˵ʳˡ
㡪θѪӿһǵͨ죬ʶϵĲյ볯ȥ
ؼæס֣游
Ϸ֪๫ƢæסҪ´ӣ˳ǰӦʲôˣ
𣡡θ޺ϣһǳκ죬͵۾Ҫˣȴҧ˵ţҲһ㶼ûû𣡡
֪㲻ҡͱֱعڵϣĿбӵӭŰθŭߣԸĿ顣
ĿתؿŰθһһٻ
Ϊأϵɽ»ҲԸ⡣
ã
θӻͳһѱ貵ذӵϣ
׻˵úãɫͷһѵȵ۾ϲɲҰ׼ҵĽ֣ڰԼˣҲⱲӲḺ飡
⻰ɫ䣬һԵİϷˣҲŵˣɣǧĺ
δţϵذףҲ볯˫֮ͱȥ
صĶҪɤˣŵ巢飬ԭضá
ɫĵȫû˫֮䣬ػʧ޺ϴؿţȴʼûпѪ
ذף¶
⾹һѿĻص
Ϸиһ޺ϡ
ڿ𣿡Űθ
θعͿѵˣ
ƾʲô˵翴ˣͳ
θȷʵû֤֤֪ǰѻص
ѵʮ꣬ûʹ֮ǰܿ
ֵļžУһ߲ΡΡش̽ӣ̽˵
ˡðʣڿлߵţˣǾ;翪ʼɡ
θü˭ˣ
͵Ŀ⿴޺ϵء
ˣθ
ûС
ôˣϷ׷ʵ
ڶϵļл£صҡ񡭡ˡ
㡪θ۵ţƬ̺󣬺ȻŤͷͣ㡪
¿ˮֱ̣׳ӭĿ⡣
θ㡱Ƭ̣һ˸ȥ
үϷ˾һס˰θӡ
װһңθ壬СθȻ޷Ӧ
ػŽе
򼱼ææҩ˽
ҳһţڵϵֻ͡ԼվϥϵĻҳڨڨվһߡ
ڰθ޴󰭣ֻģһ˹ȥ
ΪϲĴ˸θĴ
Ϸ˳Ӷҵʱİغ⣬ھʰɡ
һ㶣ʶ游
游ʱ;˸϶ʲô˵ٶҲȥֲ֮ʲôǣϷͣƬ̣ͣǣ֣ĳҿˣضĵġҰض㣬һҪչ˺Ⱥٴʱ򼴱ͷӣҲ˵ʲôˡ
ͿأȻǽȨȫ
Ҳûõķӡ
θôһŶ˵ҲǸ¡
ðɡԥŵ˵ͷ
úԺҳһţѸʰһ֮ļθߺ뿪ҡ
һʱ󣬰θұԺΧڴǰĶӺͰޣûض˵ȥ򣬶ǿſһͷص̾˿
װ̲סףӦûδԶҪҪ
Ϸһۡ
ˣˡθλһ
ȥ׼ظװ
ȥգ㿴㸸סϷ
Ϸ߳˷󣬰װϵĸףĬƬ̣̲סʳĵ׵ʣ
ǰѵ֪֪ǻص
θ֮ſ˿ڣ
֪Ҳá֪ҲաϷϣҲмˡοǲ췹Ͷˡһô졭
߶߶˵һΣתΪһûĽ
ˡˣ
Ϧ£׼ҵͬϢ뿪Ҵš
ͷͰ׼Ҷ뿪үͦŶת߻˴š
˭ûע⣬һͨںڣͼӵѾڴŲԶڴͣ˰Ρ
˭Ҳ֪׼ҵĶſڴϣŰ׼ҵԽԽԶ

ү
Ǳ߰Ⱦ
ļǻĺûдﵽ׵ĶУ׼ҵƥŻĲ̤̤̤Զߡ
¶ģذ׼ҵĵһ¾ƥĻ˭ô죬ôƨһҡһקģ˭ǣ
׼ҵȫʧڵ·ͷһߵĳ
ƿһ϶¶һ䵭忡ӡ
زҿͷøɬ˵ոմϢ
򴨽ڶʹշΪ
ÿһ֣Ϊ־׹ǧ
Ϊˡϲˡ


232 
ǧװ, һ±뿪ݡ
ǵδ⣬͵ĻڵĲʣȫ½·
ǧһĻ, Ἣڵоٶ, ͽֳһӷֿ·, ֻÿݵһΡ
صݾʱ, Ǵݳ, Ѿȥա
ص»û
δﲻûʲôˡ
һ;ݣһǰǴμӡʱǨѾģ;İն˹ģ, 䲻ϰոݣɫǺ, ־̺ľҲﵭȥˡ
α⸴֮һжõķչ
Ҳʹǹ˵һ죬ҲԶˡ
˵ῪһѼ, Ǽڶӡ
û, Ѽ˼뵽ȥ򼸸ñϲʱͣ
ʱǰ³Ƶ, ÿصĳ
, иع, ¶ޡ
زؿʵ, ˵컹žҪˣ
ǰһõµĴ, պÿɽ֮䡣ü, ӦǼ׸
Ǽػ
Ļӭֻ꣬ļĺףƺƴ󵫲㡣
ͷ󣬋qҲһضš
ڻĽҰ¶Ҳǵһˣһ죬ѾܹȻ˯¡ʱڵѾ̫࣬¶Ļҳкıɸǡ
ʲôģ
ͷڹعߣкС̬ȣЦԷǣԼѾʱڵĴ
ȹعͲŴ߽˻ȻһµĹع
ƺѱ˺ܶ꣬عϵɫѰ߲䣬ҲµĸˣµָĿȻΪӱš
ԶȼĻѣڹعµϯٽʿعԼٽʿǰɽȱؾ֮·Ĵ
ɽмĴҲаʷʿſǿϱھ޴ǰߣȻɽ͹ʯбָſеɡ
һ·ϣֱɵĶѴ
Ѵƽ룬˿û׻Ȼͽڡ
һʿȻ·ȵ﷢һ
ɣĵط
һʵڴһ֦ϣͽͼʿһߣա
ڻɳµΣɳԽԽɽȾͷһʯ
ӽԲεľʯϲеһͷ£ƺ׹ʲô
ɽž֪ʱжˡֻʣȵķ磬Ū˽µɰʯ
Ӿʯ·Ĵ֮䣬ŰɣҲа֮ƾճ϶Ǳġ
ɣĿ⻷ܣûпκ̡
عع͵ϡ
·Ĵˣǰʯ¹ʲôҲŪˡ󣬽ʿȻѸٵж
ڴʱ±ߵľʯһǿĴ֨ѽζһ£¸Ŵһֶʡ
ʶٿͣס˽Ų
Ŷ䣬üͷȥٴβ׽һһʡ
ϳˣԸԼûϳܺԥŤͷߡ
ʯ±ҡҡ׹ڶ±ߵѾ𣬾ʯ׹˭ȵ䣬һ⡣ߵĸųͣ̽ؿڣ
ǻ𣿡

ϼܵ๾ðݣʳ･ɢ
ɫϦӽ
ص͵ȵô˯
һ·Ĵ˵Ὺܻǰˣ
ˣҪȺһůůӰɣqĵ
ģůʲôӣ˵ҡҡӰɡ
qߣֽ硣
ôŽʿۼĹع
ЩԶɣһһȥҪЩʱ䡣qﰲο
û˵ȴ̲סȥ벻õĿܣɽҰģʲôȱƫƫȱˡͻô᲻·ϳʲô£
qﲻĵǣֵҪ˯ĵ̣Ȼһӱң
ˣ㶼һˣҸ㻻һɣ
ҡҡͷŰɡ
үģqȻ
ǰױϴҵģؽӹɫңȻؿĸ׳ǰƷ
qʶԼǰԵĲףЦֲ÷ô
ֲֻỻҵˡ
ؽϵĸĬĬϣͿЩƽ
䡪
ͻĺҵ䡣
һȺڿնѪϦ

ģȻ㣡
űһӵµİû
һҶصڰգ±߾һ㱡ıȣ˫۴ɣ֣ŵ﷢ʡ;ʯѾڴֲڵ±ĥأϿ˴룬ֻʣһߡ
ʿСŻ渽δ
ʯҡҡ׹ô󲿷ֽʿһͬסʯſ±ߣ⼸ʿİ£µİ
Ҳ֪ά˶ãɫǵͨ죬ۿҲѪ˿
ĲԺ⣬ôݱ˵ˣ
ͽ⿪˫ϵĲֳĲ˻ߵؿţᶼ˳
졭ܡ
Ͱڼ˵ǲҲôܣ
һϸӰ䴹üһͷһֱԶɽ֡
һ
γذףҪϰϵϸһ絭·Ĵ˳
ĻͲҪǸӡ
ڼ׳ĺᶯ£ɽ¡
һӰ׵Ӱȫװӵ˳
֪ˡͺٺһЦ˼ϵİ飬Ȼ㡣
ɽ紵Ŷ˵½ͷƽӸŷĻɳĿԡһһɫһ˳£յһ¶£ɫµһһգһһΨһͬģд粽õĵ⡣
Ȼ֪ңΪλҪڴ˴ڡ
ⲻΪҵı˸𣿡һɵı顣
ЦЦһ˿
û뵽ԭ˻֮ˡ
ƽϵһƬƻץסϦβͣϼⱻɡ
˥
Ӱ˸ǲĮٵĿ
ؿͣıһһٵ³
ֻΪΡᵶᰮ飿
ˣҲûбҪˡ
ϵƤЦõֱŸ㼫ѹȵıߣ
ôߣȹҴ
ʲôɣҴδ˵Ҹһ
ûֱӸ˵ߣȫӰ
Һӵദֲ֮һ๡
ҵӡ
ĸ֮ý֮ԡӵһ㿴ýź͡
͵ɫȻһĿֱָӡ
ҿԣӵŮˡ
ŮˣЦˣܿͲˡ
ͿڣһɫȻվİ飬
׹ӻ֣ѵǱ˼뻻÷򣿡
ҡ
鿴㣬ֿԵͣ촽ţ澪̡
׹ӡ˵ĿıвԶ
ֻ֣ͻǰ¸ǿĿ־߬סࡣ
ҡҡ
սսغһһƨɵɳϡ
ʲô³ǣɵˡͳ˵
治ǣƽ壬Ͳͬһ˵Ůʬƭҵһ𣬾Ӧ뵽һ̡
뵽һ̣͵Ŀɨʮʹǰɽֽ׷еļߺ͵⣬Цһ֪˿ôæƾ˲ҲҪӵ
ʹĶ˶£ߣһػŽǰΧĸˡ
˲࣬ÿһһţ·Ѿء
ռơ˵߻ˣжǧڸ·ϡ
ϵĵȻһ޸ݡ
˿иһʱ䣬һ߹۲ܵĻѰſɼ˿
ҪҪˡ˵
㡭
ͻû˵꣬Ȼֹסתͷֵİ顣
ҡ
γѪ߰ߵذףŵĿǱ˺
һɴĿѪ䵽ϡ
͵ױе
һ£źϥȥ
Ŀתؿû˿
֪;ںݵ·ϣһ·̷ˣҪΪõҽõҩҪʹ࣬ӳٵܽͷ֮ޡ
û뵽֮󣬵ģһϲ
֪ͣ޵£ĥһָ
ֻҪźںͬһƬʮָһ㡣
ǲʹֻǺޣģŨҶĺޡ
Ψһϣǰȡ
Ұ˵ˡͻŹ׼𣿣
ֽȾѪذף϶ǰ߲Ѫſǻ
Ȼĸ˳Ⱦ˫ְڴУ㻹ŵĻ
䡪
ںжȻѣΧ±ϵ͵˽һգûع˾͸Ŷѵͱһ׹ȥ
ʯ׹ԨֵĽ󣬴ӽԶеޡ
ڻɳеϸñֱ
̳ɢȥǰѲڣով£±ߵˣڣҲʧ޾Ĺȵס
㿴ű϶Ͽڣֽսϵİ飬
ױ磬һٳ
˶٣Խ᣺
һ˹ġ
սս岻ѣһֱʱ´Ѫ
Ŀֱϡ
ȥʱ򣬱ʯͷˡ
˵֣Ұףݴźһδӡ
ҩ˵
һΧڵȻг˳һŵؾһֻŸ롣
ˣ
ڱææеһ£ͼæ嵽ǰ£߾ŻɫŸ룬
ݳˡȵռฮЮ࡭
췴ˡ


233 
, ݵϢҲôӶˡ
ȵһŻƻľƷǰĵһպˮзʯĥС
зʯǸȵİãһзʯĥ, ״бص, һֻССܣΩΩФڳص, ·ڶߡ
Ȱзʯ⣬Ҳص׵ⷬȤ
ȵȴͷĥ, ܳ䡣
˵ô常ͷҲ̧
ڴϣһ
ȵ̨С, 齡
ڴ齱ʱ߿ı, ḲʱѪɫ֫ϡ
յĵˮδ, øɫ԰, ϾʧѪɫĬػѵ촽, һϸСƴŸɺԵѪ
, ˲ƤƤ
㡭Բꡭʲô
ȵ, ţͷ˵ӵСΪνꣿ
ûлش⡣
ȵȴ˵˴𰸡
ӳ＾, һ಻Զ, Ȼסӳ, ͹, ߻һֵǧĴۡӽ㣬Ҳеһϲ
ȵ
ԣΪȡСΪꡣ
ء˵ΪʲôȡΪƽ
ϣ㡭ƽһˡҽ顭д֡㸧١Ҵӡɳƣȥ˿롭ȴҡ
ÿһ֡ȵƫͷڿհ׵ǽͣƬ̣СȻתͷŸȣ¡֪Ϊʲô𣿡
û˵
Ϊǵһģ˵Ȼ¡ȵ˵
꣬õףԸƽǰԸȵﻺ³ɭȻϣңɲƽܲƽڲƽΪҡǱȨѹĲ
ȱһؿȵокɣ˼άתµĺۼ
常
ȵڴߵ£ˣָġ
Ŵϵĸȣһ֣һֵ³ĵޡ
ô˵óڣ
ҵס
ȺĿԣ̶Ƭ̣Ѿתɫ
ǡʲôʱ򡭡
ȵʻԹԵ˵š
ԭٻ֮ң游ݵ¾ȻֻһƶİƷС٣𾴣ʳǡƽӣȴʮһ걻ˡ游Ϊ֤ףԾҾ죬ӱ߽뾩ŮΪֻЦȡ֡
ʲôȵŸȣһһٵΨһģǲôȥ㣬ĵ㡣
ΨһĴ׹ʱаʼʩ
ʲôûֻһפԸΪˣҪĶ͵ǰġֻһ΢õĿפܻ˼ʮ˵һ
ȳĬԵؿѵ촽ȴ΢΢
ˡһ̫ɱˡȵӧ壬ʱȵ۰ڷ࣬Ȩ㳯Ұ֮ҲҪɫ¡һٻȴʼն׷ѰѾĻӰ
С㣬ǸӰĳһ֣ĳһƬΡƵĲźٽǺطһߡ
ıһִ˸ı
ˣ˵öô
ס촽˫ۡ
ȵȫĹž޲ݣͶһ˿ԲĲȣ
ǰɹĸôˣôܹϢºӲѳӤҲסƭ˽̷ƭ㣬̷ƭǹµƭ
ȵƽ½ӿӿĲΣ޵Ļ⣬ͨۿ
ôҪΪȡʱΪȡСƽ
ȵºҼžضˡ
εļĬ󣬸΢ɬ
ҺֻоƺһΡ֪ǰֻΪˣҪο֮ǻװ¡ֻˣºӡ֪װ֪д㡭ҸȡΪƽϣףؼ䲻ƽ֮¶ţë𡭡νۣ򳤴桭ݲƽϣ㡭һܹƽϲ֣һƽˡ
һĲƽ㸳ģ
ȵʧصŭ˸ȵþõػص֮УŪճصĿ
ĵһӣһŻȵ˵ĵӣĶĿȾ֮£ʤ㻹ΪҪշӣȴฮ޿ײ룬ԶȨƶһ֪Ϊصƽ£ôͻص𣿡
ȵ˵
ѵûΪʲôˣûгƸŽȳ
ȳĬԡ
ǵѾ̫ˡȵ˵ҵһգҲ̫á
վ֪ԾȪ֮µ˫ףյˮھƳ֣˷ѵĽ̷Լ֮ǰ֪ңϾǵĸӹϵǳ˵ĺӣȴ֪˴δҵɶӡ
ڻҺãȻ֮˾ǣĴˡԼķĵͷߺޡֱ˴磬Ȼɩӡ
ҲŽס˭ǡȵƽֻңͷȵϲȵȵ֮ϲ·ȵɱ㣬Ϊ˱ݲƽĳ𣬶Ϊ˻
ȫسΪȵֻҵȵΪˣұɱ㡣ѡݼʮ˿֮
֫ϵѪƺӣ԰׵͸һ˿֮˵ɫ
һ£΢ȶԣֻǿıˮнȥͽ޹ĳԣ˫ʧȥͶ˫ۣؿǰȵҰ׵촽ţ˻˻
ȵͷĺ
ꡭꡭ
϶ϵңէȻֹˡ
µؿѾ޵ҲȫֹͣˡȵȻǱԭȵĶ֮󣬲ֱ塣
һĨɢʧ¹Ӵӳսһȵϡ
һԸȴû˿⡣
ֻпһһԶС
վ߳ԣ;ȫװĽʿ˱ƫԺ
̷ϵһ׷׾²ѵɢ谭߽˷ϵķ䡣
޺ϣһ飬ǰϰһյѾʧȥ衣˫գ֪ʲô
ȵھ޺ľ봦ͣ˸
ȵѱڴлˡ
޲ĴָᲦһ顣
ʲôûлʲô
ʲôûȵԱǶ顣ȵսӦþ˾ƫԺҪ⵶ۣ˷ˡ
㲻
Ӧףȵͷ£еʱ򣬻űȥҪ
ȵĬĬһתȥ
żͬʱһ䵭˹
ܳʱԺҡ
ȵһ٣ϡĬĬһ飬ޱ飬·ղ˵ˡ
ȵһ߳ƫԺ


234 
ĳɽ, ɴһĹâдеɽֶһơ
վڷĹعǰƵſһ˵ɽ·ͷ
ˣϢһɡqﵣǵ
С¶ĵ, ֮ǰҲܹ죬˵·ϳʲô¡ҵùȥ
ˣqż, ɼȥ, ô㵽أѵˣж
ȴٵʱˡ͵ŸҪټʿһȥǰӭ͡
ʿװʱ, һǱӰײײ˹
ؿģ󣬴һױ磡
ֹóĽʿ첽ߵǰ𾪵ؿĴҲ, Ǳôˣ㲻Ǹ𣿡
˵ûʱˡһݣ
һ, ֽ˵֣δѪֱ
ݣصĿȥ, أ
ͽģһݡûʱˣߣüײһ֣ɷ˵ȥ
ϡͿ, ԲϿɽ·ͷһ̾ͻ·ϳ, Ҫһ·Ƶġ
˵, ٰٽʿ
ƨĻ, Լ, ҪҪ, Լ˻ݣ
Ȼһ٣ɻĿ£̬ת˵
˺ԼѼëҲܵġ
ȴ̬￴ʲôѰؿŰ
ͳˣ
û£ܳʲô¡赭д
㲻ҵ׷ʲôǲݵġ˵
һͣŭô
ҵķҺӵĸסظԼСؿûܹ˵ҵɣǲݵġ
ʶӣⲻɡ
ֻ˵һ룬һͷȻԺº䣬ת˵
ȻˣҪһˣӻ·ðգҪи̣ôͽ
ĻصȥĬƬ̣Ű۾
һݣҪȸңͷʲô£Ϊʲôڽݣ
ҿԸ㣬ó̡˵
ԥˡ
ȥǰ棬ҲҲˣΪͺãһݵģǺ㣡ҿҵ巢ģҪһԣҵ뱲Ӳ˵
ùأĪЩ˵⡣
ڰߴ£ó˻ͷ·ݷȥ
ϣqԾ˳⡣Ҫɴˮ˵֡
һд糤˿ڣᴩƣѪ㹻ȾˮΨһֵҵǣĵطñָܿ־ȫˡ
ôģüͷ
֪ûһȣͱˣ˭֪ʲôƣ
ְӹŵĹӸ磬Ҳѿڶ͵Ŀ񱣬ƨ֮Ȼͬ졣
˵ɣʲô£ʡ
šɵֽϸµز˿ϵɰʯͳڽ䣬ģ͹Ҫץ˵ֻǿҺ־Ҫˡ
𶯣
дðͣ˳ʹŤǿԼһдʹࡣ
Ѳǵһμֳ档
ֽ˴󲿷ֵɰȡ룬Ѫʣɰ
㲻𣿡ӽе۾¶һĨ˼顣
ʲô˵ҪǼ̽߱ӿЩ񡭡
Ѫ⣬׼ȷϵһѪʯӡ
治ɫ
ͻ֪ѪѾʲô
Ĭؿɫӣһʶ
ذɴ˿ڣ˸˿ֱ۾˵գʲô
ԥƬ̵˵

˵˵еǴӳģ̫˼ˣߣǸĸҹˮԱ߻иţɿ˵ĸҹҪҴˡ˵Ҵȥô
һ㶣˵أ
ⲻ˵ôԽѸתҴ;ݵʱһɽҷʵͣǿнҿѺ׼ҪҪǹԹԵ׼ңҰСүͷţҳҹɹӳɽկɽ͡Ⱥɽ·Ĵˣ
Ȼأ׷ʡ
Ȼ󡪡Ȼ׷ɽͺͷһսҵ֡ҲǸʱ˵ġתתȥٷɿ죬ɽ˷ȥˣȴݣ̫ΣˡˣȻݽ㡣
˷˾ͽ˷ˣҪһʲôغɵҪһأҲûɣ
ܻҲ
Ϊʲô
ҡô֪ôģһݣȰȫ֮㡣ýȫؿͣһɰҸģ˰ɣ
ɰȷ͵ģؼǵƨһһ߷ú󣬹նⴵַġ
óɰȷǼ͡
ΪʲôҪݣ
˵ͨ͵磬ܲеĹŹ֣鶨Ȼʲô
þ˾°ҸˡڵȥͣӦҲҲˡ
Ȼ㶼ˡͻ𣿡źɰʡ
˶٣˲ǧꡪͷİɣһþã
ٻشһ⡭ƭҡ˵
ʡ
ǲǲܰﵽͣ鷳
һ鷳˿ôҲûСٽʿﲻڰڵ˵¶ֻܿ˼ˡֻݰܻһֻаԼˣͲܽ˼ŵԼϡ
˵ô࣬仰˵ء
ܰﵽκæܳΪǣʧԭ֮һص󷽣ؼؽܱ
ٶԣĬŴ˵ľɫ
ɫ̽˵ո˵㡭ˣд򿴹𣿡
ˡس£ΪһЩԭûϡ
˿ֲá
ʲôֲãز
ˣ˵̫ˣݺҸõĴģһźðװֵģˣҸǸأ㻹𣿡
ҷͷ£ÿҹ˯ʱáҪ𣿡
ˣˡͦõģͷͷ°ɡ
Իһ䣬ػڵͣصŴ⡣
ҲûõĶȥеĽǱ˵ֻ಻١
ƴʹ죬ձ
ذף̽Լֱ
͵Ǿ䡰ǲҲôܣͷһȣðű㷢ֵΣԼ;һҲ㻹˶顣ֻģҲ˶ѡ
£б䣬ѡоؽݡǰԽشݡ
֪࣬һùĵǣͲֹôˡ
ָĻڶߣƽа飬ɴ˸¡
үʱôܲ߰
ô죿Ҳΰ
ڶʹͲ֪´ܣһûйԱİ׶ʲô°
ѵҲ𣿣


235 
ڽֵ÷зıָ˾ָʹһ, ŽฮѸĻ
ɧұѹҵĽʿն, ʹȵȴ֪١
µһҹ̸ϻؽʱӭֻĿء
һգΧฮ˶ˣ忡ӲҰ׵ס
Ȩ㳯Ұڼвɱң⣬Ʋ˼ӽ·ˡǰﲻذ׵ĸǰˮ, ȴһΪ಻ƽ
ȵ˵һ, ˵Ƕ෽ѹһõĽ
Ϊʾλ֮ٳ裬µ𽵹, οʣ͸Ķһ裬̸һ, , Ȼݻ˽̻Ի͵ı𹬡
ڶ, Ӷ̫ɽ, Ϊһδ࣬ȴǰеڶһϦ֮䶼ơ
ǰȻſȸǰЩŸ޵ñ˭ҪĵĹǴûгֹһʧøɸɾ
û˿
һĬʯһҵ޺, ֻеżһ졣
һ󼱴ٵĽŲ, , Ҳûƽ
˰, ŲҴҵ˽
ϵֱۣˣԡ
ڳʲôʡ
⡭һ㶣¶Щԥ
˭ˣʡ
֪ŵ˴Լϴҩζʶ֣ȹϷ˼¡
˭ˣٴηʡ
ԥƬ̣ڵǹӲˡ˲ԸӵϢûΪ´ŷˡ
ϳĬãʼû˿顣
ʲôʱ£
հ˵ְ£δۣټҹʱʱ˹ȥ
δ˵ȴԹɫ˵
شõĴǰѾˣ˵ǻͳɼ͵Եʡ˵˶٣µ˵ˣԹӵ˺ܴ󣬿»ɴ󲡣Ӧչǡ
һᣬȻţ֪ƢҲ;ڲṫӵ顣
ԡϺ˿Ĵ齡
ߵǰҪƻ𣬷ϺȻ˵Űɡ
һ㶣ʶ齡
Ӱһֻˮһ
ŰɡţôҲи롣
˵ƻ߳˷䡣
ڴշת࣬ò˯֮μһɢѪҹꡣһʱ䣬ãȻ˫ۣΪԼС
ߵʼղͣԽԽ˯ȫԶ
ϴӴҵµЬ˼βŰ˫˽ȥ
űǽ棬߳ҡ
ϣ಻ղ
֪ߵ˸Ժ⣬عͣ½Ų¶תȴһƺƱĲ֮ͣ
˰κתڵԺȥ
벻ڣ˵ûʲô
һֱûйĺڰ֮С
¶㽼޸ȨƵ֮һйС¹ײй۽ӣ꽥Ǹ˵ģȥĺʱ⣬ǰ¶ʵģ
ǸŮˣй⣬գ⻯Ϊ̳ǸŮ˶ȫ񣬵ȻƯһƬƼھ֮УԼƷԼ
ͬǸŮˡ
Ϊӵйһ̵ֿİ顣һˣڷ¶֮ĬĬغ꣬δԱ˿š
һֻһΣһηɡ
ӵйˣĽ԰һΨһҡ
ֻϧûˡ
֮ΨһĴ齱ߣԥֲ˵ϡ
ȵ¶ģǿ̶ʱ̲ס
㻹ͣһҵǿЦ㻹ʲôġ
ںڰ
ߵģֻаޡ
֪˭㻹ɱ𣿡
ڹ̵ձߣ
Ϊ֪·߱״ӣҲΪֻڴ˿ӵԼ
ҡ㲻ᡭ
ֹۣסصڱ̵ϡ
ˮ˳Ļȹڷ
ĸף
˫ۣɳƵһ˿ϲԻ
¶쳹ڵ
ϱԲ£ȴֻʣһˡ
˰ΣͷϵĴ⣬Ѫɫ忡ӱƱ¹⻹Ҫ԰ס
Ҫʲôʱ򡭡
Żͣء

գǿŲ˸׵ѡ
Է˸ס餵һ
µһݲ԰ףֵǵϳһ˿ƣȻģֻǶһ˿˿˶˵Ĵ̲ס
һգ֪˼еŮΪȺʹʧδ޺͸׵µһӺȦ֪ĽµһӲѧĶŭ͢塣
ˣûȴֻж˲˲֪
µΪβ󲻵ΥĸȫʱݴµϢ򴨾͢򴨽ڶʹְأٲɣջؾȨίµĽڶʹԸţΪ׵ǰڶʹĸɽԭ򴨾Ϊܣռֺˮ鲼Ľݡ
尲ƽδȫƽ
һδƽһ
Щ⡣
ͳѵգڸȵ鷿һ˸µ٣˸µ壬ֽµ棬һһŽɢ̴ľСղ
ĵڶһ磬˷ϵǰ
밲ŽյŴձҪǰݵ顣ûŻ򿪣ʵϣҲûС
ת뿪ʱڴ䵭
ƽ
һ㶣ͷȥȻգոյĶֻ̫õһ
ǰͣƬ̣ת뿪

صĳڷݵĹУϺʣµǧ򴨾ϣڼ뿪®ݵʱȫ˶顣
ڰŰذȫݵʱȷ֣®ݵһɽͷתһȦֿʼˡ
ʵʱܻҵأΪβá
ʲôʱˣؾȵ
Ӧ˸һݣôˣ
ǴӦݣûӦʲôʱݰֱ׳
㡪۲ۣӲǱӡ
ôƣôǰ˾Ů͡
ɶıãôɸŮͣѵǼ޹湷ѼѼħ
룬˵úеȷʵﲻʲôæһֿ˵һٰǧ˽Ȼٸݡ
ǧиƨãѿڶ
ǧ˽˷ˣôûãطʣҪǽǧûկկͽ֮ࣿҸҪǧ͵ˣ
ҡҸû˵塪һݾͶˣ˵
öţ̬ȼ
ص̬Ҳܼ
Ҳ͵ġ
Ҫݡ


236 
ǧĽʿ˵ĵ, ۰ţ̤˻ݵ·
֮ǰΪŻϾӣûн, Ϊ˼Ӫ, Ҳûн
, ض·ϡ, ȻЩٲ֮ܲࡣż;ɽ, ػͣ², Ҳ˴ƥ, ƴճһ֧
ò׻صݵͷֿĵط, ǰ, ⹧ɽȾǰ, Ǽǰ𣿡
ͣ, ɳȥܱߴ̽, һ˹Ҫˡл

뿪, ûҲ뿪˶顣
԰˵İӶ
һʱ, ˣΪ˵ϻһɫ̿, Էӡ
ˣɽ﷢˴ˡǴ˵صľ񣬴Сڴ˴
ʾԷɋq³, һӡ
Է򿴼׻, ϵĻ̿ɢ, ޴ľϲֵĺ
㲻, ʼ뿪֪⸽мկظųʵ
կԷһãȻСһӣû˵ʲôկ⸽˼ҶԣҲ֣
ؿ飬ƿߣضյһڡ
ʲôͬѰ鷢𣿡ؼʡ
ͬѰ£Էڤ˼Ƭ̣Ȼʲôǰʱ䡪ǰѮ֮ǰɣСɽʱȻһ죬ɽһڶգСΪ棬ķߣһ±ˡǸҲûʲôȥû˵Ȼµĸ߶ȣˤȥû
£
ظҪһ׷ʣ鼱ææشĻ
֪֪Ⱥͽ׷ɱҵʱ򡪡
زͬĿжĽƱ硣
ǰǸи£¾˵ǧпӣܲ˽ȥ׼û
ô֪׼û̲סȥ
ûȥǶô˵ģ
ƣԻڣ鲻ȥԽ԰׵ɫֻܻضԷ˵
Էһ޴룬׳ڵΪҪһϺִ
лˣ߰ɡ˵
ʿ˿Էҿ±׷أƵܽɽ֡
ؽƿһ϶Ըоϴηشĵط
̺󣬰鿴Ŵ⣬ʲô⣬һֶû
رվʲôʲôʣձ
ڳĬѹֵ֮У˵շ·ĵط
ڋqӭˣûзִ򶷺ۼУҲշ紵ܺ󲻼ˡǰԶǶ£Сġ
ڸͬߵǰֻ¿һۣЩվס
qﵣǵսֱۣزŲڵȥ
µĶϿЩŹ֣ȻɽǱըٵġӰ۾Ĳסɫһصض˵»ɽڴ˴˷˰㡭ߵнʿһ¡Ȼ޷Ϊθûд򶷺ۼȴһ򴨾֮ӡ
ץŋq֣򾲡
һ¡ԥǰ˶ӣ¶ҡû˵ҵԷʱ򣬴е֪ݵϢ
ˣʡ
͢ԽְΪɣְ죬ջ򴨾ľȨµ򴨽ڶʹѾˣǰڶʹǢ֮ˡĿǰ򴨾ѳɣһ֧Ǣˣһֵֽ֧֧ţĴѳ򴨾ڽΪˡ
֪ˡ˵
ͼҵһ˿źͿ־壬ֻ򶨡ٿȥֻ򶨡˿ڵʱҲˣǾûִܹˡ
Ȼݻزȥˣ˵ǾͲȥˡ
ڸҸȫưӪկԷһĿǣýһĽʿӪأһ̺ʽѰɽ֮ϸϸԸ˸ȥܱߴׯҸʲôˣһ򵥵ӪشˣҲҵһصĵص
ٵ˱һ˵ȥǧӣҡ֡
ȥãȥã
ΪΣ
˲ΡΡ˵˵ǧһǧǰһεżȻĵطȫֻж֮ľ綾֮档ǰӵأݲαȥðأ
ҷ˿ӵףұȥѰС˵
Ҫȥˣ͸ȥˣôߵĵطȥѵɣôȥǰװ͡
Ҫ˵Ǹ֣ŭĿԲɵĸһæ̻Ǹ֡
лΪҵģҷ䣬ıǰΣն׻΢ЦҪҲҪͬͬ⡣ʬףǲµġɸңβȥµǧӣ
˼֣˵ͨǧֻһ·ôɽŵ춴ߣƽǶеĺͯҪȥΪ춴һ굽ͷѨͷݲֻмմʱŻᱻɢߵ˲пܽӽ춴
ԥһᣬ̾˿ˮ춴ɲ⣬˵ˣסڸģҲ·תôˣû˵˭߳춴
ǡ֮Ȱ˵ԼŲ˵˴ʵ̲ȥˡ
Ҫû߳ô֪Ƕһǧӣٸʵ׵
˵ŰûУǰаǰ߳ȥǶǼǰˣ
ǰ£ô֪ʡ
Ȼǿڶഫˣ˲˱ɣźӵҪǲţֺαࣿ
š˵
ؿˣڨڨ
ҲǲšǶۣµƭô
ؿһۣ˵㲻ƭҾͱʲôá
˸񣬼βͲ˵ˡ
ɿһܽ춴ʲôʱ򣿡ʡ
˸ų߰մʱֻ꼾߰մ꼾Ҳ궼С˵˵
ؼ״ýʿͿˣ˳ȥ춴һ
ʿ뿪תͷһԵİ顣
ƿߡ
µ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ע¶Ҫסˡ
ΪıôûпҲûָʹӸ¹õû˵ȴһδεƭ
ôһ˲䣬鶼벻ܲ˽һѿڶˡ
׼Ҽٿ˵͸Ŀ⣬һֶ˵
˵
滰Ҳ˵
޲˭Լͷһ̵ĳĬֱ׳
صɽ·Ĵһ棬һ档Ϊɽ·ͣΪʲôȥ±ߣ
Ĭ
ûд򶷺ۼΪԸȥġ
ؿװư͵İ飬˵
ΪʲôԸȥ±ߣΪô
ԣԼˡ
Եðſ촽ʮѡ
Բסˡ˵
ɻؿ
Ҿǰ׼ˣⲻͬıҷɡվû˿ԥ
Եĸ˰ֱۡ
£
𾪲ѵؿ
ֱʱ˿̣ʶǰˡ
ԽǴеʢ֮ˣҲ֮Ϊģ֮ˡΪģƱѼ֮ˡ
Ĺ
һӦеһʡ
޶Եؿ
ĵߣʱ˿̣ԼʱκС
ʲôʱ˵ˣʲôʱҡ


237 
˴ǰ, ֮ǰææһ·ͬ
ƺƵĳӼÿһĵ·
ÿһĳꤶ˵档
ز٣Ҳû٣ݶȥ·̽һ·׷泵, ԴԴϵŸɻشءµһɥ֮һһܹע
˵, µһӴ˾ΪѰ֧֡
˶Դ֮Ա, Ӧδѡ
µһӸִݵ, һʥּ²֪ĸطҳʧѾõĳݰ׼ҵĹӰ顣
ڹ֮һֱϢ, ƫƫʱð˳оСڲ²⹫, ͷԵȴ֪, ٲҪ
Ҫǣ¸׼ҳһѡ⡣
ǵ۵
Ҫ, 
׼ǽʥּ, ֻ˵ʧȥѶѾãɳѰ
ܰʧǼ, ٰ׼ҵ̬ȻǺϵġ
˶˵ǰݵµһӿҪԱŸˡ
۵ȴı仯ƺ⡣
뿪ݺÿնŲͽȥĲʳԭⲻؾ˳شߵʱ, żܹݵӰڼǰ, һүµֳ, ûд򿪵һ복£ʲô顣
˭֪˸ֻܴи֪, ֹˡ
ֻصǰƽʱ, һź޷, һҡڲƽϹȥ, ײѪ졣
³Ѿݣپݣܽݡ
Խǿݣǲ¶ȵĿ׾Խ񡣴¶Խ١
ԽԽ٣ֱȫ𡣳Ϊȱ֥µһӡ
ӣؼٵ˼
̧ء
ӣϢˣһɫ

ٺɫĻ͵شɫĲҩڻѸڡ
ŨҵĳƮɢڿĽʿһ춴ﲻסȷ磬һ̲ססڱǡ
̳һ·Ʈɢ¡
˯ڼ״ϵؼ˯֮УҲüͷüļѻŰﲻ¶ĲͿ־塣
ج֮Уܵذ˰ͷڿʲôȻ͵һ˫ӳʡ
亹մź󱳵ѣһȻܸоؿڵľ
ǰʱܱ¶˿ÿα˫ۣЩǿѹĵ׵Ŀ־ͻŻռſյĴԡ
Լ֪ܲܵõҪĽֻ֪뿪ʬһ̣ǲѶġ
Ȼ¸ɣԼ벻ʹϵҪ
š
ϣãֻҪ͵ʬûаǰϣͻû
̳ζС֮ǰȴĽشҴ߳ʡ
ôˣվڲԶĸ
һɫصδ
δ䣬۵ɽ·ͷ˹һƥɫĴŽʿӪس
Ƭ̺ϵĽʿϥǰˡƻʧˣڵֻɢһ㣬˰ȫ붴
̫ʧܣѾܹ治ɫˡʣһ취ʲô
ʿ¶ΪѣԻ˵ɴſڱֱӽȥ˵ؼٷһµּǡ
˵شӸ취ǵ뷨ǵ뷨˵ǡû뷨ЩʶѾԱ뵽з
Ȼǿ̾ڶѨڣſڵӲһʱ䶼°ĭ˵ŨжԻ˵İ취Զ׼Ϊ
Ȼȥɡ취˭еİ취ͽٷһ˵
ʿһϿٴ뿪ˡ
ȥ춴˵
ɡߵŮ˵һ㶣ĿС
Ҳڣûµġؼֵ
Ëqﻹûü֣Ҫ󸱽ɽš춴ڶʮ⣬ԲŸֱܶĲҩҽŻζ
ŶʮԶ춴ڴƵĻ˵ĻʹݲأҲ㹻Ӳ
ľ飬꼾ھ١ҲµףѲҪȵ꼾٣ٿүͲ¼մꣿ
ʱ򣬻Ѽˣʲôˣ
һƽ̹ĴʯͷؿŶڡ겻ᣬһߣóռ˼
Ҫۼʶ㣬˿ɽϵӦûбظȺˡ
ƴż䣬ͼҵƾֵķ
ɼƽ˶ڵǧҵҵ¸ǧɣ͵ˤȥҲ֮С
òƽ˶ڵǧֻһ߰븯ʬ
ʧصʧصһ˲䣬زŴԽԽлعƴۿԺȴÿʱͻָֹͣ
ڻʱܿޣ˼
ǿ޵ͣ
ˡ޴ؿ
𡢱ҡرϥǣǱӲؽϥҭ˵һͺãһ˴һᡭ
ûܼǿͼһĻ᲻ʧ
͡
ֻԴůָȥ飬ٲ᲻ص˵һ䣺Ǵϡ
ȥɽ·
Ϊʲôڻ
ǰһƬڰذ޾ˮû
б֯ĻϢɽּĲľϵطվԶĸһֻӺĴָס죬ֱֻ۴Ӻת۾ͽϢϽ˲ݴԡ
ĸ׳Ӹסɴ˫𾪵ؿųǰӰ
߳Ӱҡҷּ䡣
ϥʯͷϵӰ̵ᣬεظıϡ
ңԶԽԽأϸҪǴѪ֮ϡ
ϸḧӰ׵ı˿ϵɫ΢ϸ΢ض˶Ļ𻨰
صס飬ȴزס屾ܵķӦǰľƵֽɡյüΡ԰Ҳӿȥָǡ
ٻʱˡ
ķŭʧûӿͷ
̽ţ鲢δԽݡ
µȥţԼܹ´
ϧûС
ͣߣ죬ȻûзĴڡ
ϴμʱδޣٴȴˡ
ʱˣˣŮеķȥ¶Ů˵񻡣һͷ˿ϤģŨںڣǲⱦķΣȴֻһ򵥵Ľڸٺϸ۵ļ˿ϸͻĥ죬ƽɾһ۶üܣȴŮмһ˵Ĳϣܲ˵ڻҳʯͷϣˮʪȹŪķ١
Ȼ֪Ϊһӿ
չ䣬ɳû빬һĻǲǾʹͬ
ָ˶ֽɡ򿪺ǰıӰϡ
˷ǣȴδݡ
ɡϸ΢òıһ١
شɻͺ޷ãȻ̧۵ס
˫̫һĿۣ˵
ضؼˡ


238 
ͬһ, ؽԭһճĿ෢һڣֻо, ޷صǰͷϵӰ
ƬӰ뿪һҫĿ̫ɢӰ, Ӱ, ͷϡ
оεһ֫
ض
þûп, ͷ־ӿصͷǿҵѹҲض㿪˸, ͷ, , һ屼ܲ춴

ػûӳֱ۾ͱץס, ˻ȥ
ɫƽؿ, ֻز֪, ֻץж, ж
ҪȥĶҴ˳̴ӣ۵Ҫȥʲôطɴ͡
عȫϸ˵
Ҫȥǧӡ
㿴, ϲŭ档, ſڵ
á
۾ŵؿ
ˡ
һ, ߳ľʿ, ǴŴʽ, ճ򹭼ֵ߳Ĳûֵ߳ĴͣУҡҷ֦ҶеȺ
ǰһ̣ضûлǱôˣ֪
ŷɥĸҾ
һɾ£ΪԽΪݷˣԿµĵľ¡
ӵشߵǰϥµ
ٷԲڵ׳ڱִ˴ʱ䣬ٵġһɰ۴
Ϊʲô׳ؾŵ
Ϊ㿴һһٵȻȥǧ·ȥ΢Ϊһ·ɽɽջһܹùóԸ
ɣѿڶ
ΪΣ
˵Щ취̫˲ˣ
Ĭؿ
ζĿ⣬ظչǡ
˵ⲻǹҪô
ӭһƿԵסˡ
ȻȥǧˣǱɡȲȷ챡һӦȫ˯ϼܻؼˡ˼ѾãտȻǿġƿĿ⣬빫ϳ
طһֻȣ˫ϥأͷԥϸлΪŢĵ棺빫Ƽݣ
˷ĽʿйӶߵȥ
빫Ƽݣ
쵴ɽ֮УƲɵһĴϡ
֮䣬ֻʣ͸Զ
ɫ԰ףƮĸƼ
ĸҾ롱ݻĸϣ棬ɫȻƽغ˽ݺ;ܵķ죬οоǴصĳԲߵ⡣
ǰ΢Ǹм꣬ʲôûиıΪʲôعΪʲôݣΪʲôҪȥǧӣΪʲôŸپڲᡣ
Ȼеձֲ̿
һʲô֪ˡ
ʲô֪ȴװʲô֪
ȴǰκʱ򣬶ҪëȻ
µÿȥҲ죬һԵؾͿʼ£հɡʪƾԵ뿪ˡ߷磬һȱϦ˸ڹ·ͷ
شǽǧ򴨾Ϊ͸ڸУȺֻýԴӶƷԱ֪µձ࣬ΪƺƵݶȥһӡ
ʲô
͵ջͶĿ⡣ӲŲȥԱߵˣСûʲô
ԱƬ
ࡣ
ؼѵؽĿ
һ㶡
㲻ͬǰΣģȻ޷ؿڳϣ޲ڲںڵ֮С
ұˣ˵ģ
ֹģ
û˵Ҳûʡ
ôȣ˫ʶѡ춴ѾԶȥǧҲԽԽԶѵҪôִ
ĿʶڳתѰſĶ
Σ
ӳѵӳ޵Ѳɣһ޸֮Ůӣһ·ЮָӳΧɣ
ͻǧӵ׵ôֻܹȥʳĹ
ҹĻٺ󣬳ͣ°Ӫկ
شŲŮͽĳʳ£תͷƿ̺ȵҹ˾ȸȫʧÿŵȷϸ˺ŵ߳
΢ʱķ򣬺ԥȹʱȥ
ÿĻżȼյ⣬ҹɫµӪѻȸزԼӰӣһͷͣһ̲ͣӪشȥ
ӽӪشŵʱߵĲt¥ϾȻһˣټĴŴûһ˷ء
ؾЩԾǴʱ˿̣ԸѵõĻᣬݵԥſڱȥ
ҴٵĽŲڼӰʱ͵ͣˡ
ҹ޿ײ룬˳Ĺͷۡ
㰲վ¹£߾ͦΣҫڳһؿû𾪣ûʧûзŭһ˿ӦеԼصãһ˿¶ȡ
Ҫȥʲôط
ĳĬ󣬸㿪ˡ
ɫ¸Ӻ̶
˵ⲻӰ층˵
ȥʲôطԸҡ
ػ
̲סˡ
ʲôʱ򣬺ˣ
زסˡ
ֱ޿ˡ
ײ˻棬һֱϴȵĸоɢĻǰҽӷĻз˳һĺۼҪȹһֻһ
غ͸֮ľֻߡ
ǰ
ض㴹¶ֵأ͵ĵºڿΪʲôң
ػˣκ󱻸ţá
Ϊʲôң㿿һ顣
Ⱥ°ĺɫĲ֮иŵɭ
ض˶촽ηﻥ˺ڣѹη壬ӺƳǰδеķ
š
˵ʲô
ûٶ
һ̣صηͬһĿ꣺
븵㡣
˵ſң
صдǣҲسϵĽٿҪ˶ȥ
ڡ
ؼž
ʱ·ֹͣ
һ˲̳˽Լûеķ⣬ô׾ٵش͸ѣѪ֮С
ɫѪ⴦ӿ˳̶Ƭ̾Ⱦ˸ļһѪ˳ָϡ
͵һʶ򱻴̵ĸ㡣
ܲãֱվ¹¡Ŀûһ˿Ҳйֻûбκ˿ѪͷӿսֶڲѪȴһ
㡭Ϊʲô㡭ص
Ҫò
סս֣ҪγߣȴеĽһյýġ֣زŵĿУȥ
ܸоѪⲻͻĴСĸоø
ҪҵǾԼȡ
㿴
ҵǹˡ
δ䣬γĽһѪӸӿ
治ɫؿŽص
˵ңΪι˺£
ըµġǲ㣿˵
£ظһ顣
㡭ݡ
µף֪ͣӿص塣סŬɢҪסҰˮգҲգصŲԶĸ㡣

㡭ҵķ
صºҹ
ֻǳĬؿŶ̶ľ룬ȴǸźԶڿ
¹м䣬һ޷Խӡ
ȻԴɡ
㿪ˡ
ƽ˵
ðΪʹµȥɡ


239 
ƻͨ, һ㷲İ鱻˽
򴨾󣬱İ˲٣˵, ֻĶһ
̵صë̺һû˽Ҳֻܼš˵Ը, аȫУٲõķ˫ˤʺƨɶա
ڼžֻԼֵ̿
żڵ, ֵ̧Сɨַεĸ㣬;ͷλϵء
ɫ죬ԼͬؿԼ
鼱ææߡ
顪
䵭ð˸, æ
ڣ
͹շ, ʵɡ
һ㶡
⡭ݵĳϷ
շʲô㲻Ǳ˭
±ʣΪµĲѲ˸ϵȻ˵ĻùɻǱ߹ɡ˵, ʲô
һʲôˡ
㽫ƵԽìͷ׼
ҡ
ԥؿڣֻ˵һ־ͣסˡ
Ϊƽ޲ȴֱ̹ǵ
ɣ˿̿ŵ, һ, ׼, ٿ˵
ʶ㿪˸, ȴֽײ̨صĿ⡣
ĿתؿɻΣпվ˵ĽǶȣࡣ
ǣ
Ҳ֮Ŀһɨ˸ϡ
ûб仯ź̩ɽҲ޶Եףڼžɢѹȡ
ɴܣꡣ
ûѡ񡭡
һ̣޲ߵİȻǼһᣬһҪĳ嶯
һǵĸҹӣȻûмů˫ѡҲ١ûУҲûгһջѡڵ
һǳϦദİ׼İһദȴ御ıá
Ͳ÷ǶԶΣûҪ֤Լ뷨óȻǰȥݡһСǶ˵öԣһ²ķ׶ԼʧӦõģ游ԼҲӦõġͲݣ
Ӧһ޹竣١ٽղ֮С
һʼֻʧٵԽø׺游Ŀ϶ֻغͶ˻صݼ游ǰȶž췹ĿܣΪ׼Ҷһ·ٺһоͶɲˡ
Ѻݣֱɷ˵ݡͿΣգȴ
;ȴȲ͡
Ψһģֻнô͵ذףԼֱ
͵֮ܲӰ죬ȴҧԼҲգα޴ҲУڽһԼŬȥֲˣƣ΢
ҡ
һſڣˡ
㲻£ʵɡƬ̺󣬸ƽֱǹı磬ŵİ׹ң㵱ʲôԵķϣҲһ档
ıǲϵΪ˸һҲضᶪ
ǰѡȫչ¶Ŀ
Լ׼İ˵
ͷδι̵Һֵ̿˫й䡣˫֣߬ס˵ϵë̺
ҡҺ͡
ŵ˫ۣƿԵؿ
ֱĿ⣬ѿƿߡ
µ񣬸֪Ҳ޲ܾ࣬Ȱ׼Ҽ˵
ֻһˣ˵ͻȫ˵˵ֻ࣬һ˵
Ѿױ븵ߵԭˡһŲʲôµµһӣǰ֮忡¸ߵ£Ŷһ顣˵ս˱֮
뷽跨ҪƸƤĶϵĻҳȲϡ
ô޴
ӸһʧȥѡֻľżһڸΪѡĵ·ϣһ
ֻø׺游Ͽɶѣôᷢչģ
Ϊ˲ԼΪˡ
游ݺζĻȻڰԺͻĿ磬ɢͷԱû
û䣡
Ҳ¼һɽҰˣõΪЦҲǰ׼̧ͷڵº뿪ݺ͵͵棬뿪ݣǰһϵݣ壬ԼնԮȡ
̧ͷþ˵˫۶ؿأһ̣ƺǧҪȵĿסˡ
͹Ȼҵļơɽ·Ľʿһ±ߣұΪ֮ļƻһʧʱذ״̽ĺȻǰµը/ҩ
¶ˣͺһ׹ԨΪǰϰԼѿڡ֮װʲô֪ӣع͵»ϡ
ԣ
һɲǻս
հ˵ûлͷԿֱȴƣԴǸ˿ڣװףǷذµ˿ڣ
԰ȷʵͺ˿ڳֱϣֻһ̣װ͵ӣԼ
Ϊλᱳ԰飿ǶȻΪбȰ辯Ķڳ
ˣˣ
鲻ò˵ѣֻ˾ڴ˴
˵ģضǲ˻ɵģеࡣ
ʲôˡ
һһ˵ҹı򴨽ڶʹ͡Ҫͽһ˰ɡҰ׼˶Դһֶ֪¶ţ˰Ըǧйͷ֮ޣֻ󡪡
˫ۣŬ֮˳ȥ
ֻ·Ұ׼һ·
ȫŬһ̶䡣
ס
游
ûǵĽ̻塭
пɻʲôɻ󣿡
㿪ˡ
ƽؿλصǲţԴԷ飬Ȼͬʱһ󣬱ʲôˡ
ǵ΢ֵ˽΢/ֱףٻ΢ɡ
죬ȴʲô˵
֪ʲô鲻
Ը飬ΪȷŵԸ
Ը/Ϊֻ֪ΪһЦ
ͺ´׵Ĳ㣬˵Ҵһ£һ£ǹƽؾ
ǲǸ߸ϵĳЦ
ˡ
ˡˡ
һ£˽
Ѻؽݺ󽻸µ˴
һϵİ飬ֱ۰ȥ
麬ᣬһۣ߳ʡ
뿪ֻʣغ͸ˡžͳ·ֽﻺճֽ
΢𣿡㿪ڵ
ԾµӰӻؿ
ִĥĽУԼɵ÷̡ؽŽ漳ȡ͸µúɳ˵
ˡ
ĳճϢȻɢ
總֮һѹȸд뿪Կֻɫ˼Ϊ΢ı仯һ˿º͵ЦС
˵˱á
ӷһ¡
ĺ󱳵ϱαغ·ֻؿŸǰ
µµһ֣У̧һ
ضʲôʱŻ
㻺
ֻңΨһŵˡ


240 
ݳд, ·ȴûС
鱻Ѻһʱķյľơҡ˹Ͱʲôû, ʱһͰĶͻóһЩÿվͺԼйһһңԶĽݡ
գͷ棬㲣˶һȦ
, ǣҲΪһȴѶͨصġ
ĺ, ֣
κΰѱ, ׼ҴŶ, ֻÿﰦ̾, ƾҵһͣһ٣жϳǷһ
һֱˡ
ȴЩͬѰ
˯Ժʱ򣬺ȻоҹƮˬµҹ紵ɢľǵĿþûйʿ͵ؾѹ
һߴӰ߽ң΢¹ϣƾ⣬ϳصס
ֻСŻңͷǻͰ, ûиֳʱ
뿪ڣͼվű, ְԲĽʿ
, һ±ˮйͨ
һ߽ʿƲСƴƬ;òá
㡭
һʿƲס, ѹס˫ȣ˵˹ѹԭݸ첲ȣİ顣
þֵΨһ˵ϻأؿҲϾվűߣĵعҵľš
һŴƬ˫ȿĴƬ˰ȵĲ

־ðҵѹʿƲס
ֵ㣡ôƬ˼ûҵ߳ŭظ˰һȭͷۻƫһߣԶ˵
𶯴֡ҪšĲ㡭
ļƬٴεĲ
ҪѣȴûټϽڱϵƲĿԽԽϡκ룬ºˡȵηɱʬ屻֣ıڶʹĹɾʵʵԴˡٶٲ
游ĸҪ׷ͺڷˡ
ûи׼һŮء
Ҳ֪ͣó
Բ𡭡
Բ𡭡
Բ𡭡á÷򡭡
Բ𡭡Ⱳӡû˭˹
±ӣܲܲҪˡˡѡ
鼴ʧȥʶһ̣һҵű͵ƿˡѹϵĽʿһʶɿ֣ٴӿĿڱǣһˮ֮òϰˣܵƿѹϵˣشںĿ
ش㵵
ģ˫ۣŬȥվſڵǸӰɫѿվſڣһ·ģؿڻԵŷŭĿɨˣӲ˵
ʲô
ǰվһסʿƲȾѪƬؽ
ְμ˫ֱȭػ˸ֱƳĶˣ˵ɵվŸʲôȻȥ
ʿæ񣬽Ķӡûǡ
⼸գÿҹʱͻʧߵдģ°и̣ÿζתơҹȻȴһֱĽʿ֪Ӱ֪ĵ鷢ˡ
Ҫɱڡ
룬عʱѾ
ֻʣغԼ˺ûΪʲôǺ˵˻˸ӴŵĻÿҪػ⣬ᱻٴβߡ
ûһᣬôɡ
¶أΪγ
ɫ⡣ؼ״Ծ߳ߵĸ㻺˽
جΣ֮˯žߡؿϵİ飬һ뵽˺ȴܺ˯Ҿʳʣ˯ȡƾʲô֪ȴгкȵعţ
ؿ˵ͶøĬ˰Ρ
˵ҪΣ
ӵĿʼƽϣҧҧ˵ñ
ողİŲǳǳ˿ڣ۾
££
˦Ůʱżææ˹
һĸ;ŵعȥ
ݹأȴҹУְ֮õʲôͷ
ҡ
Ůпԡ
Ҳ뱻˷֣͵͵˦ǡ˵
㿴һۣ˵ȻΪ飬αˡ´Σġȥһ
Ů⣬һһֵָƤޡӶó֣޲һ˦˵ע£ֻܽС
ǾñӴˣְԽϸһЩġ˵һ侲ء
ˡ
űӣؿŰ顣
ĿһʼľڵľȻĬ¶̶̼ݹ᾵ļͷ
ƤޣôҲӲȥ
²⡣ᣬһˣ¾ͺá鲻ᱻκ֪
һޣȥ
Ϊ˾Ȱ顣
ҧأڻ˱ӡ
ı̢һ¶ʹı顣صᵱ
ȸصıв
κ󣬵ڶ
ޣıޡ
ϵİɫ䦳˵Ѫ
ĺӵ̣ԴԴϵسˢϡ
Ϊ᣿˵
ͣҼˣʹҧԼݺݵֻһλܹҪÿԱ̢ҹ˯ðȣ
ؿʶԼʵ뷨޹ġڣ㿪ˣ
Ը΢Ը

ú߳ң˫½ݵʱһһֻ֣ȷ
Сġ
š
زźۼ֣첽
ʱѾ΢΢
㽫͵ϢſڣȲظȥס
ǲҪ͵ĺá
ͣ½Ų
֪鲻乫dңΪܣȵɱ࣬⡣ֵܵκһ˺͵³ϹϵԵº͵İ׼˵һ¡رҲԸʼҵȾ۵㡣㵭ȻͷϵɫɫԵ¶ԣǵʱѵľˡ˶ѡٶ࡭ֻõºڡ
֪ˡؼѵ
ҲĴϵɫƬ͡
ض˯աȻ˽ݣһжõġ
ز󣬸ſվһᣬȻת˳ȥ
شӰ˳ಽ
Σƽ
ȷʵÿҹ붼ᾪѣ֮ͻӪɢġΪ߸ŮԴǰû湫ӡص
Ժйع޾ϸҡ
صͷҾ
ط˫ֺԥƬ̵Ǳߡ
ȡùһʱҲ޷ƽҲ뿴յ÷򣬱»ϡ
ºʲô⣬
꣬ȵۺͱ¾ŴӸһ£գ£ϣϾɱ
Ѿڣûٹ塣ǰЩծ
һһȥջˡ


241 
, ٣˵Ǵġ
ÿһݣݹӭ, ׽زϯ, ֻݹٵĹݡ֪ͬЩطԱ棬ÿһݳ, 泵ӶеľӾͻǧ
ȳӽ뽭ʱǽǧ򴨾, ܹĽʿ֮ࡣ
صо, ЮںһƬҶ
һֱûҵ복ӵĻᡣ
Է֮ӵŮʤ񸽽, ƨɺҲŮڴ΢ʱһޡ
, ҲҪϰС
ˣȻһ
Ҫһ߾ѾˣҪ飬νϼѡزԸ°飬ȥԽǿ, ͻԽߡ
ѵоᣬÿնìܵ˼Ѱķ
Ψһĺôǣûоȥ˼롣Ȼ͵ʬûаǰͿ϶ǻŵġƨôб, ô׾ٱˤ
ø˵û˵ɰοԼ
ھصʱ򣬺ȻͣԭΪܿ·û뵽һʱ, ӻԭһ
ƿ, ü̵̴ӵ߷ʲôˣ
̴Ҳһ֪
㶨Ȼ֪, ز뿴룬ԸߵŮȥ̽һ·ʲô
һᣬŮˣһǵ˵ݲ֪ôģʳɹһաҲѾ·ĸûвˡȥǿڽһǰȶ
һӾ˳ΪͣŲߡ
ĹٷÿԣϾӵ
Ҳͽǰˡ
аϲ淢л䣬ڻ֮˵ҵ֮زز
ʲôװĵӡ
ӺҪȥ˵ص᳤̸̻¡
ȥˡ
˸ڣҴҵҵҪеĸ㡣
Ҳȥѿڶ
Ҫĸһ㶣ǰͣ
ҡڳˣҲȥɢɢģ˵
ӣ»ڳĺá˵
ۼҪ복ᣬؼҾҪȥȸٴܣǿ
˶֪Խ裬վҪһأ
ˣѵĺǰؽ
Ȼû˵
أƺڵͷŴ⣬һ
Ȼ˼֣Ǳͬ΢ͬаɡ˵
ձƨŷ
̣輸ϵһյȲȴĲ˼
ǧˡЩ벻ףֻǺһ᳤̻棬õŴô
ĿĬӲΪ˻鱨״ؿˣ
˵ݵʳˣΪʲô
˼ĿƵϣΪ˱޲ףĲ˿սȭͷ
ضΪʲô
һֵĵطδָѵΪ˵׹ĵط
ݲǲ֮׼ۣҲˡǧ˽׵ϳһ·ĳɱҪ쿪
Ϊʲôʶ
Ѿϰɵ㷢ʡ
ҲǻСС»Ц⡣
ˣ˿ߵѲ͡
ؿûش⡣
úڿڣȻˣǾڵĵˡݽӦһ֧ӴĶͣڰ˸⣬
ûн͸ոճĬӣ·һ۸ûдڹ
ո⣿һ㶣һԺ
û˵յһδĲյĿͶ˰뿪ϵĴ⡣
һʱһƬƽԭͣˡһ³زȥ֣ɵԼС

ˣûз᳤ֽ֪̻Ӱһʿ
ѵ·ϣߵزü
Ϊн֪ǣߴţӲŻͷӦⳡ档ôó͢ƷԱõȣ
޷ǽͤȴ߳
ǰĴͳʮһͤһͤϰߡҪΪ˸ӴĹԱ˹֮ͤıƽЪϢԶ޵ĵط
ǰͤʮﳤͤһлûӽͤᣬͤѺſڣŶֺõطȥ밲
ظڸͤᣬ
ͤ˳ȾһˣóͤһǼ˸мλ¡ͤڵǰܺԶ˲ˮ
رΪȲ˶ãû뵽ϵĲ趼ˣͤ⻹ûдκ
̲ס۸㣬ɫȻ޶ԣͤص¶͡
ɫˡ
᳤֪̻ȻӰ
̲סӣҪ
ȡ˵
ºĻֻ߳ͤᡣͤԹɫֺõϢһᣬ汰ְ¥¥иɾĿͷˮһӦȫ
㿴أ¿ҪϢ
ˡ˵
ͤȥա
ͤʶȤȥ
̲סһֱſƳ˸Ͻ֡
ضڴӡ
Ļش˸飬ջ˰ֲĿ⡣
ҡ
ԭҴȻصݣ˵ߵһ·š˵ϧʱز˽ˡ
زͻȻ˵⻰˼ر˳Ĭ
ضôأ
ʲô
ĺӡ
̧ƤڿƶԵĮ䵽ϡһŵı䶾ߣĿתع۲ϵÿһ˿ϸ΢仯
ôģ
صɫòҰס
ô֪ģ
㲻ԳӸ׼ʳƣ뷽跨ȥҪ׼˵ĳʳµʱ㶼СıܿỤ̊ǽӴܰܲص޷𣿡
㡪
𾪵ؿ
˵ûΪܲصúܺáӣ֪ˣȻǧǱ֪Сһ֪ôûж֣
Ҫ˵Ϊ¶Ϊ붯֣صһţ͸ĵʱÿ嶼©ԸֻҪһջ⺢Ӿһã
ûж֣ڵʲô
žۣɺϥ̸ա
㻰䣬ͤʹƺƵĽŲ
֮ƴͤһǧʿɫ
޲ԭأĿ⾲ſڡ
׵ԶӴľڵƽ¶ģϦɫϣ貵ĹâէһһɫĶڿٱƽ
ڣͤͣȫװĽʿ糱ˮãһƵӰ˳
ЦЦ
׼ϲΰ


242 
΢μ¡
, شէһ谵ĳлعæŹڵء
վ޺úÿ޵ãȵط˵ϵ, һԹݵĸӶ, ذ㲻֪㻹ϢжˣЩûһղΪİΣǣ㣬˯һȾˣ
ǰ, ѾԱ߻иˡ˵ӵ
ͤʿڿһĻصŭĿԲ, ˫ȭա
޵öɴˡһο˵, ڹ⼸꣬Ȼ˺ܶࡣûϵ, ྡ, ޲ٽί
ԹԵ˵࣬ϻи˵ӣȵ, ùڼ, С˻ڵϡգ
ͷվɫƽ, ·û˿
󣬸֮䡣ϳ΢ᡣ
ݵļĬ, 谺Цأָڤ˼, ̽ʣڽݣ
ص˵ͷ, Ц̫, Сʱް־ͺá
ǰ, ػòڶƾһڣ˳͵֡
ڹ˵ӭԽ޺СŴϢסãΪԵʣûΧˣǷ֮أ޵Χã
һ·ϵϢһһݡǽ᳤֪̻޵⡣ޱΪһϲǶλζĿɨغ͸ӣô񲢲޵ĳţ
ˣ΢ֻǿ³ڽݣ̫ԾʧҾֵ
ĸʧ˹ůѧ˲Թɫټиʵ۵ĸף˶ʵʲôǴĦʥĻǴ̽٣ǵеĴɡ
˷ʣǶ͸ģĸ٣͸һӪѡ
æлļ飬ѸеỨ
빬أͰַѾáֳͤʱһΪԼ˻þ޲ó嵽ǰ㾿Ǽ١ɰΨǰʧ񣬲׷ԲŴơ
˵ĻЦԶȻܸӵЦ
Ѿǰˣ㿴Ǽ٣
һ仰΢䣬⡣
ȻĲ棡²ٰӣػʵİ֣غԥ
Цȥһˣ˻ˡ
˶٣ĬԵĸƺ빬һ²޲
㴹֮壬óȻ빬ȷʵף¼¶ģԣ΢顣
㸸ײͬ㸸׵Ļ޶߶ˡ
谵Ļϲŭ棬ûн磬תʣҲô
ࡪĥ˵Ӧֽ̫ࡣ
Ȼ谵ʦȻҲһˡ⼰ɽΧѾȦãһȥɡã໰Ҫ㣬޳һա
л֮󣬸ͤ⡣վҾֹ͵뿪
谵߳ɫоУصüĿƵ½Ǻһӭ£ӭԽĺУ򵹵׽ʿŮСط˳
һ߳Ȳصʵ
ŵλϣ˫ſɵľƵ̧ĵűϹϾվ߳أ˵
òؾнҸʵĵطˡ
صȻɫ¡ûһᣬ߳ĹŮʳ͵ơ߳΢ɲһΣľɫʼƶ
ãɳడζ
Թ˿ͷȻ֪˭Һõˡ˵
Ѿ֪˭õˣ
ǰ̫ˣѲǵȮ󣬻谢ֶزǡ
¶Цݡ
ã仰Ҳͷˣ÷ģֻһˡ򲻻۸ȥʵޣʱգ㻹ԸΪ𣿡
δδһ䡰úôģ᲻͸վͬһս϶Ը
빬ʧȥʲôֵõʲôʲôĸı䣬ġ
ضԴԤϣɵʵİǰɱ⻹Ǹеһġ
빬Ƕӣ谼ȫϣ
ôе˼ΨһˣҲԽյĻ棬ôһ˿һڴ
ʵԼж档
رúòãʲôҲˡ
һ±̹ס
ʲô
ʱѾ˳ɻ顣۸һԸԸԼҶˡ
šüͷϢгԾ죬ûǿҵķ֮⡣
˭
ǰ򴨽ڶʹ͡˵꣬ŮڻӳʹڽżȻ˻ƽ͡ʱݣԳƳӵĹŮȱʶЦǹ鷳һչҡȻ΢ȴһ壬ıˡ
ҴӦףһΪҼãһ棬Ϊ֮и֮ȴͰط֮յĵ
ؽΪûеһʱѰ谵ԭһʴһ䣬֪ΪȥѰ׼ҰҲ׼һʧĻش
ûзʡ
Ԥһĸѡ·̲ġ
Ψһǣǰ򴨽ڶʹǽ𣿡
˱治ɫҷǸѼȺһ𳤴Ĺ¶֣һͣһڡ
ԭˡ˵Ķ޼ǵãھΪٲŻᱻְ졣
ҷ֪
ؽʱһһ֪¶˼ı飬Ħϵһöָ˵ı͢ƷԱɱͷǿ˵ƾ֤ݱıڵף
ؽ鰵ʾĻֵ˵˳
Ȩ㳯Ұֶͨ졣ûиȷ֤ݣǰⲻġ̾˿ڵ޼ϣ²̽Ƿ֤ݡ
֣ҷº֪¿ϣǰǧӾҷ
ɫӵؿãѡʲôԨԻţ
ҷ־ǿȻô׾ˣؼ
⻰˵Եúûڤڤ֮УؾԤУ;Ի
һΣ谵˵࣬ǰһǧ꣬Ҳûй½
谶˶٣˸ҪڵĻͣؿһ֡
˵ģǼ
½ӡ谸ĿڵѪ֮ˤ䣬ȫʬᱣã֪ѹѾôˣˤȥʱŰҲһʣˡֺοִأҼȻط꣬ѵ㻹պҲ÷𣿡
ս˫ȭشֻҪ͡
߳ڵĿƬ̼žشأĦָҲ֪ͣ
һᣬ谴̾˿
ȻˡҲգ޻ĸ֮ǰǧӲ̽
̽
̽Ҫ̽£
ҪӪȣٵġ̽
谺УûԹԣҪ䵽ϣ̣
һᵽΧ֮ǳϵĽ̸ø֪ʶã¸Ͻտһ죬Ҫ⵹ϣӳ顣֣ã޺̫ȫ֮ǰڸߣ踺أ̽鱨š
ѹŭ˼ܣ֪Ķ֡
ңһҾͿԭܹ˿谵ϣòҪƴǣܽεģֻһˡǸϲһվ͵òɣһղĻ£һղһ˵㡭
ڲ֮ǰŵ;ͻѰ÷Ĳ˵ⷬضһ˿ڴҲ֮ѡ
ܵűȥ͡
ȻˣԸⵣΣֻǡ˵ں͸ίʱȻ˵֮󻹻ᷴ̽µ鱨
谵ɫ΢΢ѿˡ
ش󵨣½ҵĺ֮ǡ
谲ͷ˵˲̽ڵ
ɹΪݣԥߵȥͷڵ߳ϡ
£Ȼ羰ˮΧԵĺȥǿԼóȵݵСľǽݣ̳ܣﾯռеݵɽڶ࡭ԶҴӰ졣
ʲô˼
ͷ谵΢仯漴ͱסˡ
Ϊ̧ͷüĿӭ谵ߣǸΧԵĺõط


243 
Щʱ, 鰲ӪկΧԵصΪݡ
һƬ궯֮
ڵ׵ķֱλسͲ֪¸, ˳΢Ķ֮ơ谵ľһ, ֮˶澪ȡ
Ϊòط͢дΨ, õߵ١
ǰδʱһ, ׯԾнĬĬ, ҡñµıһĿİ衣
·;ңԶ, ´˴βִٳ׼òȫ㿪ڵ, ΢޼, ȻѾΧ׼ڽΧ԰ɡ, ֪ﱸΧԣӭʥݡ
һ, Ŵµİ˵ˣڽ, ӽݵݵȷЩ, ӽݵ, мֻһݰˡʵ㲻·;ңԶ
αҲ°ˣػŲͼҸȼα֧ߣ֮, СҲΪཫ赭д, ǷҲ̫ѱµİΣˣ
ɫȻ, ˵Ļȴ롣
µİΣϳ, Ȼκ¶ҪǣֻҪЩĻС֮ͽ£ĻʲôΣأ
Σձͷʤ˶㴹һĨЦΣվ͸Ǵˡ
Ÿ㡣
سĶŸһ˷ֳɣ֧ĹԱ˵⣬ָ֧ĹԱ򹥻Ծ֮İΣмһˡ
ֳеˮصǻײҳһš
ؽͶλ谡˿ٻɫ˿ۣݢҶƣƽƽĶϸһȴӭ֦ݢҶƺӭ֦һһϴĵ۱˼ֻƤ
һˡ
̫ʱڣḡŭʡǻûͷˣϲôӶࡣĹ۲еĹԱ͹ˣǵҲ䣬˿ոջѵӡ
һжһӰ
ȻѾ΢ͲˡֻϧԽܼݡ
ۣ
ΪΣ
򴨽ڶʹ׹һ»û΢轫ѺͻؽݣֽµĹԽ˴˰ĵ֮һҲȱϯ
ȻѾù鰸ôĶ󣬺αطҪؽأֲû˾ˡ谿һˣ˵ǲǰŰ䣿
̲Ҿֵ˵ǡ
˰ǣ㣬ؽԵȡΪղ࣬׼΢罫Խؽݡ㴹ƽ
ڵĸ½ӦԮԴΪءһʱ䣬ԽͰзؽݵӸ߲¡
صб䣬æ谡߳ϣһгƶ˿û˻ҡ
𣿸˼ؽݣҲǲԡ谻һת˵ֻǣϧϲͬһΧ֮ˡ
谻ճڿһ
ڵĻ˸һϵӰƺˡ
شûı顣ıûжı仯Ǵµ湫ò֮£񸡳һˣµĿⶨ谡
һ˵У⣬崺磬⣬̺âȻһδɫҲûԱ仯߶ûϣĺȻеһĺ⣬ìͷµȴ죬˸߶üɫ裺
׼Χʱ뵽˰㡣۾㣬լޱŽ˻ᣬ´⸴ĴɽӣҲðлĸΧ֮֡û뵽û뵽
ҡͷ˵
һĹ񣬿ҪзʧûϵȻȥˣΧ֣֮ϻǿġ޻ּĹ˹ȥӦϵʳסУͷĵػؼҰɣ
ģ
֣ν˷ģ
ز̧ͷȥɫ谵Ӵȥɡ
ֲ˵ʱףԭһʼҪиΧԶΪϧۼƽŶķϴ˽ݣ
ѻȸԭĹԱǷ׷ͻȻѧ˳Ĭ
º񰮣㻺ˣ̶СˮѹֵĿ΢
ͷ­ܵĽëȥһкۼҾ֣
࣬΢ҹ
ڿһɣˬʴЦã¾ôˣһ磬λǰΧԣ

ʵĻ߳ʡ
ԥܾãһֵĳ嶯ģѵӵİΣ
˼룬ǾԼ谡ڸǰҪֳѾ֪ӣˣø˼ɣ׶֡
붨֮󣬲ʡ
һ̧ͷͿ˼ⳤĸ㡣
ʴţüĿ续Ƿͦˮ¹ⱡһϣĲȻһһĪϤӿͷ
ƺĶתͷӭĿ⡣һĨŹֵĸоͷɢٿףôҲҲ˭
ͬĸоƺǰҲйһΡ
ʲôʱ
㻺ǰҾ
΢
һڣɵʾͱԺ
ֻҪߣǣ˿߾ͻ壬Ƭ֮ȥӰͷӸµظ
彩ӲӦһ߾
㲻Ųæظ
Ӱڶ˽£һһӰӳĬšȳסڵ
㲻ȥĸף
ҽͻЪϢĵطȥ
Իжϣһαü尾
غ޲˦ɻӪʡ
ɻǵһߵʲôʱ򣿡Ȼڡ
ʶ뷴ʡ𡱣Ĭ
գһֱԿ
ĻصĻ䡣
һաҹر磬ߵر١
һ죬֮߾͸Բ¡Ϊͼһ¿աӦԼĳ䵽ͽ٣ֻܴҴҳޣ
ζԼϣ޲ô޹޸ǸԶ֮صİʹ
ÿսǶʱ䣬ҪϲɪҲҪסһߣʺ֮ڽ̷ռ׼͡
Ƕʱ䣬Ը˸֪
һأ
һΪģԴȥڽ̷͸ˣҲһ̽˵Ǵÿʱ΢ЦŶŻɫʳ˵ضϵѸÿˡ
˵Ǿ仰֮ҲûпΪݸռ˴¡
ԼĴѵÿԿݵĻᣬҲȥˡ
һ죬ǶĻͽ͵߱աߣؿֻҪԼ˼룬ڿԤʱڣͲ
ʼռǵһҹڼȵɫ£˵ллҡ仰һֱûһȺ˸Ҳûض㶼ô
ֻҸл㡭ص͡
ֻ֪Ǹлң˵Ҷ㣬ֻǸл

ҵһμ㣬ʮꡣù빬״ǰйʱʧе㡣㻹ǵô
صȻǵá
̰꣬沶׽һС׹УŵԱߵĹ˻ɢ·ĸ˵ˮѾһƤˮ
ĸ˽Ӿ
ٺʺ͸㶩ס
Ȼףǲ׽º࣬в㣬ԣ˶һԼߵͷ⣬ƺ޲ͬ
ͬѰƺĸʧ֮
˶֮ȴһ̬Ŵζĺչˡ
ͬɡ
ʱûµһӵţѾʼ壬һŵǧо֮硣
ʱܹػѡʶͣȴҲᣬȥһֻĺ
֪ѾߵסӪǰطܵһתš󰲰ڹŮΪһ̣
ض˵벻ţǵ



244 
ʱ, һλصݡ
ļѾβѾõ꼾ÿ;һؾͻ͵һٻ곤ߣεݾڡ
ص, ѡھ춴жʮ·̵ƽԭﰲӪկ
ϵһ, 䵣㣬һδ, һֱ˯ڶձŮѡ
μ, էȻ, ûعԺط˸, ˵ƨˡҡ
Խѡټ
¶һˡæϴҴǰڵʡ
µڣҡҷɴ谺ŮͨԽ΢Ľ̸ͣˡ, ˬʵЦ˳
, һЦһߴ˳
Ҳһڵ˵, ٬ĳۡشϴ, ˹񣺡زμ֡
, Ҽʲô谲ЦŽ˷
׷һҾҾ֣£ϳȥˡ
ȥɡ谲ػ˻֡
ĬĬһǰĴܹܵĲ£߳ʡ
ա޺һ, Լ齼һ
һ񻹬Ůǰ, ûзκطյ̲衣
ǰв, ԡ谵
յ, еĲһ̾һò裬ȻеĲˮŲʱϡ
ⶼĸ̹żˡ
ػ谵ĵУĿǰûʲôȥĵСб޻Ǻõġ
⼸ڸߣʲôջ߸밡״˵
ˮԴ𡣸նڷϵĲǰ̼ؽδ档صͷ
һݾͲˣ֪ˣ޿Ѹءбӿ޺ϣ¶һĨµһТĿɼΣӪ˶ڿ²ط̲ĸأ˵ҪҪרŷʥּһ
ز˵˭֪һ̻᲻ᱻƳȥǹʹ
һ׾Ļŵػ̿֡
̧Ƥɨһۣ̿ʲô
²ܾԼҲ񡭡
̾˿£ĸ֮ý֮ԣҲֲ㡣
ǰĲյһ˿׷ɫꡭ͸Լģֻǡ
谰ڰڵһϯظãȻ
ǲϲϣΪһʼҪͻҺ͸㣿
䴫ԣ͸ĻԼΪӢ۾Ϊȫײ˳ˮյ㸵Ϊʵˮ¿ɴСͣһ˵
ۿ޺ϣһֻè˻֣ڵĹŮ̷׷˳ڡ
ʱв֪Ұģһ׮£ԸĻΣټȻʺŴνԣŵͷӦ׮¡谻£˭׵˼
Ȼʺ󣿡̽
Ǹ㡣
谴ǹһζЦϵӡ
Ŵ󣬸ȲŻҵȻʺΪ
ʺ͸ϵķԽԽ󣬲ҲѾ죬ٺº̰պ𲻳֮ģѹɾˡˣʱΪ͸Լǡʶβ󲻵ʱѾѿ˳ҰҪǵĻԼϽƻ
ЩĻǰûκ˺˵׮ĵˣȴûһΪӦ֪Щ
һ߽׮ͻıز
ûз֪ôθǿȥսᱻȡ΢ü¶һĨټĳȣǳıã׼øиʱ򡪡͸գ¸ȸӣ״ֻ
̾Ϣ֮£㶼֪ˡ
ǣ֮飬ض֪ˡ
δѾѴʳǡ
ĸһСҡҡλƮݡ˴Ӵ췭ظ
ã͸һϣ˴ΣﰢһزСֱֳ齼ϣ۾ֱֱؿء
֪ͷϷˡװϹĴͷ㣬ҪôﰢֲУ
ϣֻȰ͵ҩƣ֮ģ޺ҾͿɡ
ҩƣһ㶡
ֻ֫һЩҩˣɫζᱻ˷ЦȰƳɹ¾ͳһ롣ȸΪȺȻͻɢʱٽǵĻԼ֮ңص֮νԴϲ
һ֫ҩƣطĻɻֿɻ㣿
Ͳˡһ̻¶Цݵջǰ壬ɫرܣؾ޺ʦѾȫ֮ߣΪ˶©İŻԽ֪Խáܹ֮ĵİɣ
ֻõͷס
谵ķⳡ硣
߳ʱüģдǣõƾһҩ޷⵹㣬Ҫ֪Ĳãȴڡ
ǷĿһ£µȻ⡣빬ǰأ˵Ļ谵˵ǣΪΪ˴룬ڣֻ֪һöӡ
صöӶ㲻ϣֻһöԼ˼С䡣
̧ͷյգλεչ̵޷ȫۡԡҵգȴһ˿ů⡣ǰ·޷Ԥ⣬ֻ֪һλصǧӸ
һΣҪ취ȳ͡
͡
뵽͵֣һγ±üᶨջĿ⣬ָĶׯϣŵԼȥ

ʱĿıڴߣӿڴϱС˯ĸ㡣
˫۽äֻܽĹ߲׽ӰģҰУŬϸϵճıɫ˳˳Ѵ´ߡѼεĿ´䣬ԽݵԵЩյˡϿԵݣһԵıӿͷ
߼ΪУڷϵע£ë£ű㻺ˡ
ײǰһ̣ƿĿ⣬ϵعĮ
ĸף˯աû˯õɳƣڸоΣ
ϳĬƬ̣ڵˮ
һ£ȻӦ
á
طϣµ˼Ȼߵǰһˮ߻شߡ
ĸףСġ
СĹطŷϺ˱еˮŮȡͱõι¡ϱټۼѻԵʣʱͼΪ˴ˮȥİ
һֻһ룬ȵůĸЩ΢
㲻عҡ
ڴϣմнӹһ١
ʶȤ˳ڡ
в㡭ϵùҡ
öû˵Ŀԥ͸ӡ
ĸԭˣ
ϱ˫ۣܾش⡣
㴽¶һĨЦ
ҹӪףΧԿʼᣬָ裬»ҹĸ׻ЩЪϢɣĸײ壬׼ĸ׿
ϴӺ͵Ӧһ
ոϺȻۣɻĿͶҩ롣
ҩأ
˶٣Ŀſеҩ롣
ǲæˣĸ׵ҩ

ƺǷϵĴһΣιñκһζҪ
󣬷ȥƣľڳ;бøΪһᣬմƤ
߽
һŲҲԶˡ
׹磬ƽ˾


245 
Щʱ, ھ˹֮ĵһΧԣһʢĻ
ҹɫ˸˿֮Ӳɫɴ, 趯ɫ, òŮڻ֮תԾ׵Ͻ嶶, ö
輧Ȼ, ȴǳߵĽ㡣
Σϯ, 軨ҷأ, һ֧Ӻݻܽ䲽ҡб̫ƽУˬҹҡҷǻǧ˿еıâ
˽֪ԽϮİ׹Ľòۼ˲࣬Խڹʱ, ÿÿжǰ, , δдǰǰ, ӼԽǼѵá
ֱ˵سĿ֮, ȴͷһء
ߣŷ绪ңµһӡ˵Խ˳һĿ⣬ô߳ˮµһӣһĿ⡣
ɫƽ, , в, ҲĿһһ
, Ե⡣
βɫĲ˿Ķ󣬵͸ŵ½쳤ȵĲɫһѩɫɴǰ¡
öµĸص촽΢΢˵ͷ
£ոǣеԽ侲ͳ
ĸĸҲڳͺˡתƻ˵ˣ
ͷѾתˣùѾ˯¡գҲΧˡ˶٣˵δȥΧΧתתԸһͬǰ
գ
ֻϣĶҲȥ
ЩͷΣ˵աص
岻ʣ͹ЪϢǱߣһΪ
ˣֽǣҲɨˡ
ؿһۡ
ǰһǰ˿ñԼء
شû˵·޴롣⻰Ѷˡ
ⳡʢ硪
谴Цſˣ
Ϊףƽȹƽ٣ٹ⣡ҲΪף޺áԽòףط꣡ӹдһ̳ȵԺƵܵƣ½һ̳ܵƣ֤λҽҹϲðɣ
谻º󣬳׵þò
Ů̧̺һ̳һ˸ߵĺԾ̳ų˵棬̳߾ųߣһʿˡŨľ̳Ʈɢ˳̾;˳ϯ˾̳ܡ
Χͬŵ˱ǶĴ㡣
ؼʱڵǿװ򶨣ȴӽ겻ˡ
һҩƱֺã͵˸ϡ
ؿŮֱһƸ͸ǰľյϡ
һ뾴һˣҲȲⴼܵƣһݵһյƣѾǷ˸ʺþã¶޺ƣսʼδͣúüŵˡڣαѾҲΪʱѪ𣬿ֱ׳ؾһյˣʡסˣ԰ˣ
谿˵һϯеľڵϣֽϵһյһ
ѻȸ˶רע顣
谷¾յŰ뿪ˣӢмӣıȻʿˣȻҲο
˳ĿӣһȺ߻ԹɫĹ׷ƨ
ڶƣ뾴ڳλҡ
谻δ䣬һԱæʹãɾǣӦ²ǡ
ʲôʹõġˬЦȥ࣬޺һ빲ͳԽһľꡣǲһƣŻ޵һİ
΢ֻ֣ܸ̿лºˡ
谺˵һһ֮˶˾յҲ⡣
ɫƽض觾յɫľҺз
غзɬ
ӦУغһյơƾ۽⣬ԱߵĸҲһյơĶƽɫ·谴µҩƲκġ
Ϊģ谲ŻᰲĿ֮´򿪾̳־ɢ
ĿǰĿĴˡ
ǼصĴԱ谾ƣ˵һϯƯ谷¾յ󣬾ʽʼȺƲ㣬һϸߵ㣬ԾͬʱϱӰҲڸ
ҩƵ֯һ𣬹ůաĺгУȴǱźɱ
شݻĹװĸ裬ģȴͷǶɾ˵ʱ⡣
ͷȻڻǵ֮̽С
СĺãĽ¥ǳĶǵ̣мͨСԺ·ɢż硰ϲСʧ˺Ƶˮ֮С
õĻ䣬ڡ
Ϊˡ
ǰϹֻ֮սսǰС
Ϊˡ
ҲΪꡣ
Ϊס¶ࡣൽൽЩή
һյƣҾ㡣ضǰǧľյ
谵Ļٴ쵴Ķߡ
г˼ɢɫζҽҲ鲻˻˯Խ࣬ЧҲԽ졣
Ѿ
ѲǸ¶ֻ԰͵͵Ů
ƣˮơ˵
ӹȥΪһУһơˮǾˡ˵
㿴Ƭ̣ǰϵľյ
Ȼ֣깧
ؾյʾ⣬һ
ľҺ˳ź£һ·ơ¿ԣȴʲӿۿ⡣
ǰ㣬һ
زٴξյһ
ֻܸµڶյơ
֮ǿӭظʵ壿ʡ
Ѿռ쾩Ǻ󣬱ͬѾй棬ʺͷ²Ȼʵ塣ȻѾ꣬صġ
ǡ
ĸأ
ػû˵꣬ˡ
Ϊ֪֪شʲô
еǰ͢㸲ӭظʵǲף»ҪҲýȻʺ壬һ乬塣
ºпǿЦžŮٴεľյΣΪˡ֪Ϊӭظ壬жȻٲǸϵİһһǾ㡣
յٴһ
ؾôһյɬƵҾƣӿԴģƤ벻ѣǰ飬Ҳˡ
ȵյʱһֻֽľյӴ߰
Ŀؿضˡ
ܹ
ûоȳ͡
û̻Ի͵
Ρ
ܹ
ظ뾴ıһԱžյ˹ףط͢
ûãһԱյףȿպٻޡ
֪ôģǰĳ͢ԱȻܹˡһһľƵǰ˵Ҳ޷ЩظĻףܹط͢ط꣬Ҫǿ͸ͯŮѯʻںʱ
ľˣҲľˡ
ԭƾһΣλ˵һ䡰ӣҶˣҲҪλҵġ֮Ҳûƾܹµľơ
ȺҲЩ֪ƵģֻƷϴ󳼡
غȵ߱ʱָδӰľյһǰľơ
һҴԽȡ
طӦѾ˿˵ľյ
ͷԻ裬֮мƣ㵲ƺľƣһյһյغȿˡ
֪˶ãʵصľ̳ľƽˣϵľƺҲ˵סһƱ֣ƽԼµĹâ
Χʽʼǰ޻һ²ò˵֮ǰ
谵ĻñӲѵĳѸٰ
͵ɫĿһԵĸ㡣
䣬ʲôҪ˵Ļ


246 
΢˵ʲô
Ҿÿ, Ҳ¶ƽʱȻ̬ͬ
һĴ˳̬ȣ̧˫Ŀƽӣطʡ
˵, ЩΪ޲֪¡谻ؿ
ڼž, ƺͷ˯ĹҲ˾ˣΨߵ꼰㡣˴ʱٳٶ۵ˣҲ֪ǱӰɱȻ¶ͷ
ַڰһʱ, ˰ε۾, ľ⾶ֱͶԵˡ
㡪һͳϣʩ, ᵳӪ˽, £ơµ㻹
μĬһȼյըͶµӰ͵һΡ
谸̨, Ŀԡ
ŵУĿбעǰվյظоԱ˶һӰվߵ˳롣
ڲԶȼգԾĻڸ忡ŵϣİ߳Ť
΢ƽ쵴ڿžĳ, , ΢Ϊ, Ϊ࣬ǬϦ裬һиײ΢ǹʿ䣬곢¶Ҹ֮ҪҲҪԵɣ򲻵ҵ֮ͬ飬Ҳ±ߵİٹ֮ġ
ãҪԵɣҾ͸Եɡ
վȻصŲԶĸ㣬һ˶/ʮ///дСиսȼ٣ξϣ޹ղСϳʱһʧмʮǰʱռٸĳ¡
/ʮ//˳
㣬㸸ЩȨΪϣŴ˶Ȼʺͱ²µ飬ӱһɶݣ㻹ʲô˵
΢ڵطԱƵΪҪΌαɡ㲻ŲæνĺҲΪ˳Ｏѣαɣһ£Ҳʾ£õ˱׿ϲʵʩġӵĴӺ˵Ҹİˣ΢ҿûз¹ֻҪó֤ݣҸҾϢ糯
㴹Ŀ⣬ƽ
֮λ޴ǣ
ҿǲƺĲһϣԭڳΧĴԼͬǰһ嵶
Ǹϰѳֳ꣬գʱˣŭǧˣڽĿ֮£ҪִԲ򣬾ͱϷ򲻽ˣ
޷ˣԱˣҲһǬԳ͢˵þá˾ѳֳҸϰѳֳ
㣬֪ɣƾҺͱµĹϵ
ɫԽȻһʼǰƽš
ؿӣԽԽ
ǷҲ˾ãȻĿͶ̨谡
ɢַϣؿڣü¶һĨ͡
ξãȡ޶Ǹϼǡ޺Ǻš
˵ڰ촽һš¶һĨʤȯյ΢Ц
Ѿ㣬㻹Ǹɣ״̲ΣϷԸ˵꣬ɫͻ䣬ȵ
ŭ쳹žӪ֮ȡ֮һĳš
û²񣬻Ѿȼĩ·żһž⣬ھúÿѪҺ
˷޵ѪҺϳһ޴ĵº͹صͷ
ؿ嵶ȴһĽǡ
ڸʲôŭ´ˣ
ޱ飬һ·ƫƫ
谳סŭһ޵Ļ𣿣
Ȼһ
谵ı鶼͵رˡٳٶ۵ˣҲף˿̾Ѿת
׽׽ȴһʼΪֻ
мˡ
ҸʮӦگΪȻʰ󣬱һֱȻҡ
㻺ſ˿ڣ
ҸԣȻ֮䲻оֵ֮֮꣬塣СҸױ̵ҪΪྡҡҿŸΪҹͣӢͷʶʮأΪľǷֵҸ֮ǡҸΪ࣬ΪȻΪ£áһ࣬Ƥ֮±ıֲ֪٣˶˵΢úޣԹɳδԹԣΪ֪׶Ȼ±µġ
ƽ͵ͷ䰵ӻ
û˳ÿ˵ͷ
̹ǵĺؽŵһֱӿǡ
ҸһΪ˴ȻʾϹᣬ֪ձ³Ϊ֮ҡֱ̨ϵ谣ûжİ
ˣ޵ĽʲôƵŭһ˿־塣
·ģµĽʼڱߣΪµİΣҹء㻰һתϰ£ߵڰףڳз쵳ͬҥڣ´ˣؽݺ̲󣬻һƬ죡
ңɫס
Ļû˿
һ£ԭʯһĽת۾ͻˣƣ˥ϵؽûҲ֪м䷢ʲôƬ̺ˤ˵ϣ˳İģҲӡźüӡ
㡪Ҫ췴㵹ʩбӦµһӡһڻңһϳҲϳˣվ£ļơóѣ£ǻû䡪
ߺϣɫ΢һԹɫõ
һ࣬ôö֮ߡ
㡭ô޵ࣿžУɫѿҧˡ
ɫ׵ؿųˣĥϵڽʳƤ
Σ絭Ȼᱻ޷ţƩҸҲ᷸ƩԻڣƻ˱µʥģʹϲ飬΢ְ𣬾ǰĿ˼
Ŀһһɨڽʯɫˣ䵭Ю֮ΰˡ
λ磬ʱԿˡ
΢ͣ´ֻʣĹš
ѾƲ㣬ֻʣѷ©ı¹⣬ϡϡʳѾȴϯˣǲˣˣ¹ûһ˿
ЩڱڵѪҺҲġûһվ̨ŭֵֿĵǰ
ȥûһ˵ǻǴͷƿۣԼͬһԲγصļĬӪϿա
ػϣճȭ˫ָԼġ
ĵʹ˿֮һ
Ĺ磬κ˶ϤܻзɵΪΪ塣
ĬͺǰûκͷϵƬƣԶͷ
ϵǣ˿ߣ޷ѡڻڣƤսѪ⣬ʳ־
ʲôӻûء
͵ɵȴᶨߡ
Ϊ䲻£µǣԼˡ
ĸʱ˵ĻҲһ̻
ĿתؿȫΨһֱվĸ㣬𽥳ӯȫ
صޡ
ȻλԣǱƼʡ
Ȼ˸Ϊ硪
ͣ谵ĽҲͣ
ȫĿ⣬˺ϡ
һ󳿷ӪأϨľͷϷĺºѣͬһȼ档
ҵԼ硣
ս˫ȭͼᶨĿֱӭ׿ĸ㡣
֮̽µʮ޹գûж֮𣿡


247 
صĻͬƽؾ, ʯ쾪óת˲ɫ
ʲô˼谵ķӦΪ˫է, ·ˮ֮˺ȻƼԶһ鸡ľ
㿴, һĲܿʧ˫ڳ
ԽʤЩȥЪϢɡ
䣬˾˹
ǽѾ˹ζţ谵һһڸĿ֮£֪ⳡ, ȴ谺һ
ⳡ, ľǸ㣬Ϊ˵谺

ؼɫ˴δģĹˡ̨ϵҲ㶣·˶ǰں, ˵һİ׹ǰ
, ̣̽˵޹ϵ𣿣ŭŸ㡣
ɫƽؿ
΢˵޹ϵ˵΢ܹӽ̽ߵĹԱֻǱʳյ֮ˣ΢ܸ̽߾֮ǰΣ, ǰˮսᡣ
̽ߵĹǺˣ̽һգվǻ̵ģָ߬ˮۼڣֺͱʹǰ, ǿ, ŭŸ, ȫΪ̽߾̲֣˻캦ģǱ˳Ϊµһӵĸ㣡
ػδ䣬ھӵĻȻ
ٹǹ˼ڳĸ㣬ҪͷӶ
΢֪˵ʲôѵҲҪǰ㣬Ƚ΢״ƽͣصĿȴԽ䡣
ϤĿ⡣
ȹʱ
иɪʱ
ӿãϲɫرȥӭлͷʱҲ
ûж˵һػ
Ŀ⣬ȴʼɽһѹͷϡ
֮޵ȹȻϢʧˣӶɪױͽԽûлӿȴ˵Ϊ˲ֻǰͣһˡ
㣬Ҳ빬
գʮ¡
ֻڱįĴ΢ԸĿӵ˶Ҳ
˶˵Ǹȱˣ߽Ʒ£ԽһжӦѧϰİ
µһ֮ʵ顣
˶֪ȱȴ֪µһ۵δޣֻܳ԰һʱĶڼɽһʮƮĹ̸
㲻װģǰ׷֪ڽ򴨽ڶʹʥּһͬͬеĻĸ׷ϡǶڰϲ·ｻ̸ʱҾڷ񱳺׶̽߾һǷΪΪĬʣΪһٲʹǰ򴨽ڶʹǢ̾ᾩܵѾϧը̽ߣݳǳΪ󣡡
һ£Ϩˡ
еĻȴԽԽԽԽܡӿűʹͷŭвȴǳս⡣
Ϊһ˽ϧը̽ߣôˮûʮ࿤߱δƯѮա
º϶٣ҰΪصľܵش˻ʳΪū澣ˡ
Щ״
غ⣬ǿѹź
µµһӣҹλʱ
ˮӣܺ΢͹һʹ㵭Ȼֻǣָ΢ȷ֤ݣ
׶ϲµķɿΪ֤һգҺĸӶڣ
˵ǰϲµĿɣĮȻһǰԲˡ
㾹Ȼɱڣصð⡣
˵ЦˡʲôҪɱڣ
ΪΪ֤
㷽ԲˣҲеСɳֿ֤΢кαҪɵĿڣ
˵
꣬Ըúʹǰͬţҹߣɹϲŭ޳΢ܹ⹫羪֮ģǲըߵ̵ָ̫ˣ΢òΪԼ䡪
ֻһ䡮׿Ҳ΢˵ȥȫҲû˻ŷΣȻڷһУôΪβʱվϵָ΢
㡪
㰲ϲµķɻܹ֤ҵʱڰϲ⣬֤ʲô΢Խһˡĸ빫ţ֤ʲôĸΪҷϹ޶ָأѱҪ˵Ѫ໤
㲻Ųæɵ˵
Ҫָ΢ɱ˻ٵ̣Ҫóȷ֤ݣ򡪡ֻĹľ״ˡ
ؿ˵ɫһɨĹˡ
ѾˣǻطЪϢ
Ĺ˷ӵһסһֱۣɷ˵ؾҪ볡
㣬̫ˣҧʦ㵽㲻־ܣΪ˶һ֡㾡ȴ벻ԼѾ涾˰ɣ
ʦ֪թɣȻиԼǰľƣʦһ޷ĵط
͵ʶʲôŵؿ̨ϵˡ
̨ϣ谽ץĳ񲼣˫𣬿źݶ
Խľ㣬޸ոˣһ屭ʱ䣬ҲöˡҪǲ붪ԼԽ˷±ͶǾҪһ·ˣ
谵ĻûȡԤЧ
޶ԣ·𲢲⡣
ѹס˵
ԵĹ˻عְ˽Ҫ롱볡ء
ڹԱЩԭӦΪҵĳӣһͷλϣºཻ
ر𣬴
ɥĲɱ飬򴨽ڶʹھΪй飬кͬţ·ϣ޶
żž᳡˻ߵ
޼ɣⲻ֪գǾͻһܺߣʳ֮»Ҿ֮£λѵ˵볯Ϊʱµ!
ٹ¶ݣɫ޵±߽Ŀ⡣
˿Ÿµɫŵüߡ
ôҲûѼǿ׳Ĺˣòصסµ
ǽƽ⣬ÿɵĿȥЪϢ
ϴ˰Σ֪ȥηչˡ֮ûѵѾ
˵Ļ׹ѡ
ôԤ룬Ҳû谻Ѷľ
ʼռָ©⣬Ϊ谲ôҲһѪġ
ôҲû뵽谾Ѷľ谶ԣݽĹûʲô
ľؿһᣬȴôҲȲθķӦ
ϣȼ
ſڵоôӲܣȻ˴һŲ˽
ŵմ˫ֱܵزص
µɫӰ΢΢ζ㳤ޱؿ


248 
ȥѵҲ˲Ͻ𣿡㿪ڡ
سĬ, ĿȴڣͣϵĲϡ
նϲǰ, һյϡ
˵ǲ΢ĳʳյǰŲˮһһĸҶ, Ϻõ껨, ϧˡ
ϲµķɡǲɱģ˵
ΣΣ̧Ƥ˵Ļ, ض𣿡
óĬ𣬾Ŀһؿ
һڷģȻ㡣˵Ըһͼ֮˵ӣҲԸ߳ϡضΪʲô
ǳ΢, ؿ˵, ҵ, һҲȲϡ
ⲻܡȻ, ܸʲô
ܸҹذ𣬻վԿѹзӿıߣ˵Ǿ΢꣬ʼձ粻Ϸ, һɵǾ仰, ҵ, ͷβֻѹԱ
ٻԼĸܡ
ȫ綼˵, ֻҪʼջصԱʹ, ġáֻǰɫĽ̿
ֻĻ԰ˡͼ㣬ˣȴΪǶá˵һУ㲢ģҶΪá
ҲٱԻˣشĻŭشαĴңһУֻڶԼã
ҡ
㲻ҴҴ磬ҿѧɪڴ΢˺ҽӴŭһУΪֻ߰ˣνĶҺã۶ҵĳ򣬰ֻܴ򿪵
˱仯
ضΪ˱㡣
վ˹
رܵҪˣʵȴסĲ
͵ذγͷϵĽ
ȴûͣ½Ų
ĸɱ𣿡
ɫӰһһ
Ļ
Ľҩ
㲻Ҫ֣ѵҩҪ𣿡
ѱôˣʡ
ľ¶˿İΣ㻹ҪΪ𣿡
ҲԻõݵǣԴ೼⡪һ飬ѱôˣ
ѾЪϢˣɷġҪģǹϵ涾
ǰ֣ͣסؿڴĽвƽӭصһ˫ۡ
˫὿ӳһ˵Ӱ
ϣԶֻӳһ˵Ӱ
˽㣬ض̫ˣǽԼΪ̫ᣬ˵㡣Ҫȥ˺ˣ˺Լܡ
Ϊ˷仰γؿڴȥ
סһʹʧ䣬Ϣë̺ĵϡ
ǿҧסأЩʹ
ͳһһֻƿ˵ɫƿǿɽٶĻɢԽ涾ҩԺº㸹кӶȻסɫƿҲܽⶾ˺㸹Ӥȴȥ඾Ժÿ춼ᷢܡضƿҩѡ
ʹһνһεعۿһ˵Ļм⡣
㿴ɫ˵ѡұѡˡ
źɫҩƿ֣㰲עжָҪɫҩƿʱ˶٣Ȼ˻ȥһԵɫҩƿ¶ԥ
Ϊԥʡ
ΪӣǡΪ㡣̧˫ĿһƵĿ⴩͸⣬ֱ丵㣬֪һѡʲôô˵ʵ
˵ûҵȷƭ㡣Բһ¡㴽һ΢ЦɫƿǱ̥ģǺɫƿǱ̥ġ
سƬָ̣ɫƿиϵȴͷɿ֡
ɫƿ
ҸûжҲҪҩغһźϣͲһӲǽƭңƿǶ̥ҩ
ؿһû˵
ô֪Լûж
ºıһ᲻֪ǻк֣˵ôˣһļģ
ҲΪѾˣжģֻѡ˵
㲻ںҵضһһٵôķ׽һ
Ĭãڵ
˵û
ǰһرƵ޿ˣ粽ƵĵزѩɫĴ˳Ⱦȴںڣ粻յĺ̶
ضΪں㡣ں㡭ԣҪҡ
ػδӦȻƿеһöɫҩ衣
Ʋԣܡ
ȴ֮ǰץ˻ס򦣬ͼҩôҲвһӵߴ㣬ҲֻѩɫϺüӡˡ
˴䣬ص˵ϣ¸Ȼһӿ
ɫҲ˸ǲǻǰ̽˽ȥһֳѪ
Ѫӡ
ǰӢηɫòҰףȾѪָͷڰղϡ
Ҳأرɫ
ˣصֱۣɫ׵س⺰ˣ̫ҽ
ûһᣬؾͱŮְ˽ŵ̧˴ϡһҲҶĿ־ظԴԴӿԼӶȻסˣһ뵽Ȫӿ֪ôͽ
һе̫ҽҩ伱ҴỨ˸߸һʼأתΪɻ
˿һʹأֹɫ˼⡣
ɷ΢֮ճʳ̫ҽ
غͷ̫ҽ鿴ƽմѺԼճʣʳͷ°ÿ˯ҡ
͸棬̫ҽĶҩġ
Ȼˡ̫ҽ˵䱸ǱҩŮЯһϲĹáⷽӿóЩ˼֮˵ĽҪ˵ãҲƳ°ˡΪҩľδҩЧ˥ޣԹָֻˡȥˣ΢ٸҩܺʹǰˡ
̫ҽһ˵꣬ͷȥɫûҴӺζ
κ󣬸˵ȥա

ͱ̫ҽҾ񣬴ҩĬĬȥˡ
شڴϣûع
ֻѾ˵ң˵͸ģ
ǣػع͵ضҡ
ûкӣһеĳ롣ȻҲ֪Լ˿̵ʧһ㻹Ҷһ㣬ȻûеҲͲսսʧȥӡ
ֻǡǲǻʧ
̫ҽ뿪ֻʣغ͸㡣
ڴȥؿ
һǹȥ꣬ҲǰɡĬκ˵ǻض
ҲؼᶨηصŸ㣬ҧȥһõ꣬һһҹǡǵģǱסľ꣡
Ƭյͷꡣ
мꣿ
ѶķӣܿѪҺǱĬΪֻǶסĶ䣬εͷϹ۾ûͻȥĲм
δ˺޹˭
ЩɱԼ
ͼɱˡ
Ҳǰһڲ
ʲôͷͳƽ߰ѵ㻹ţһµ˳𣿡
ذЩʲôû˵ĲŻߵĶΪǳһС˵֪ǰǽҪƴȥײ⾿޴
һһУ΢壬㣬ӧ壬ʫ飬ȴ۾㪡ʲôʸ񿴲ͣزΪοֻҪֲиǽҲᵹѪ֮
㿴˵
ض㵱˿ǰ𣿡
óĬ𡣸ҲųĬѹֵļžʱ׼ܡ
㲻¡˵ҵȵ𡣡

ضıġ
վת߳
岻ʣʱЪϢκ޹ʲ
ǰ
ӡѵȺһԵŸĲǰȥٹѾˣ̻ؽݣǡ
ˣȥ׹֮Ѱϣʧøɸɾɰֵ춴⣬Ҫˣɱۡ
һæӦ
Χԡ̧ƤźĿֱָʷ򣬡ԣǾһԸ


249 
ճ, һƬɫĳɴŰء
һӰǣһƥ˵ɫСĸƾĻ¡
ͣСĸ, ͣ½Ų, ժһ֧ɫҰڻϵһֻ, ϵ, ɾҰŵ
ĸ, һƬҰ, ŵǼһ, ǲаī
ϰŰõǼᣬɫתΪ΢ľϲ
ȷǰī
΢Ц˵ī¬ϵؾֻݲеƻ
Ϊȡƣ
ĸһ£һ޼ʵƮݵƶ㶮ˡ
, ÷Ѿʧɫ両ֳ
ʱδä, ıʳͤпһ, ڻ˯ľ뵡, ̧ͷһһ޼ʵ졣ʱᣬܾӻз룬ֻҪ磬⣬ܻһûĵ˵Ļת⡣
ɫƻ, ȴûӵ, ǽ߬С
ʵĻ֭մʪ, Ѿȴᡣ
ĸ׿Ҫߣ
Ҳá
ϾŸĲ, Сȵ˵档
ݵǰۣǰȥ
ĸףǰزƽ½СЩ
ĸףҹЩ꣬ոʱϻ¶ˮȫȻˡǵĸ״ǰ¶ˮݲ裬նһƻϵ¶ˮ
˶٣ǣ
ҲԽһȥǼռƻ¶ˮȻġ
϶ҲԼ׹⣬ο󣬷ϵĽɶ󣬶ԸΪһĸףʱͲˡ
յͳڽԽʱԵƺжصĸ
Խôˣ
һҹ˯ֱԺ֪ϷЩ¡
Խָظը̽ߣɱǰ򴨽ڶʹȻûʵ֤ȻӪεľˡܸоóߵ˵õ㣬ԴֲֻᡣǻһȫäŮʧȥ裬۾Ȼ壬ȴ
һʱЩŮСżѹ˽
һäˣ̶ǳ˵
ԽָǶԵġ䲻֪飬˽ԼĶӡûȷķϣǱǳϡ
ĸ׷ģӺԽܺáЦ˵
ԼĴ£Ҫ˵ԼѾĹģƶԵ䵭ȻͲһٴ㸸ߺ󣬸Ѿǳﳯежǡ
ĸ׽ѵǡ˵
ĸףͲҪҵĻ߷硣㳤ɽģҲдΨһ취ǹٻؼңҲɢЩܺİգԸի
˵һͨţʱӦȴʼղÿɷ
ĸײںߵķԷд㡣˵ͷĸ׻ȥɡ
Ӧһ㳯Զ˸ɫһѸٸŷᡣ
أϿųʡ
ڸѲߣȥǻϺһĸ׵Сͣȫǣصġ
Զ복ֱ塣
·꽫õȲ˫ֵݸϣһڣʣǽ²裿
ǰˡˮ̫ˣĴֻôһ㣬ȫ͵º͹ˡﶼ᲻ʹͣһ֣ϸЦ
룬ʱӦþ̲ɡ
ûд𻰣Ҳ˼ž
ʻһɫĴ⣬˼·Զ裬ʹ그Ҳס˾Ȱ˵Щʲô
񡣡Ȼ˵
Ҫȥʲôطһ㶡

޺ϣſ齼һǳضǰɫƲյ
ϺȻӳһŮӰ˵£
ĸ
ɻ󣬴޺ò˵
ϱ˲˽
شǰ˵ϳ껼ۼȫäĴѰҽҩҲûκáۼ֮󣬷Ҳûڹ¶棬⻹ʱ꣬һμϡ
ߵúÿһԨ
ϣݼԽ
Ů޺ǰ󣬷ϳŮŵֱۣأؿʼ
ڻ̲ȥڵˣա
ȴţȫ
齼º󣬹ŮյȲ裬ģ˶淽ϵı顣
ز˽ⷽϣǰҲ࣬ӡֻһԶͷ˳Ůӡܸоó϶ԼЩ䵭ƺϲһ
صʱûʲôϾԸйĸŴ󻧲̫ࡣ
ڰ׼ҷ˸ȵ͸ĸĻ÷ϵ䵭ζȵĸо飬ϲϲԼҲȻ
ϵسĬţ˵αĺѣҲ˵ŭָ
治ֻĸ㣬һ߳ŶҪĲŮӡ
ƺҲ˵֣˲յһڣȻ¶һĨؿĸ΢Ц
Ȼ
òĿ⿴˷ϸı顣
ϴۣһ䣺ǸӣʤƸӡ
˵ʲô̲סڡ
꣬ȥɡ˵
ΪŮһ㶣ԥؿ۷ϣֿءûŲ˵һΣŵͷת߳
뵽ʲôҲֵĹŮҺͷҪ˵Щ强Ҳȥա
ŮҲԥ
سĻﲻ𣿡
Ů˿ĬķϣһΪѵ߳
ȵֻʣغͷ֮󣬷̧ͷ
¶Բ˽٣
ͻ㶡
Ҷ˽⡣
Բ꣬Ҳ˽⡣˵
ǣ¶һҵһŵ΢Ц
˵ǲĸףԽͽԽǲ²͸˼롣侴ĸףҲֻˡصģĸףķǰีȡ
ȳڴĻ޸ϣʮһ꼴ȵѡΪ̫Ӱ̫ңֵͬܡʮʱԪڣΪʱԪߣ̫Ҳ˳ǻΪ𡣵ڶ꣬ѲһӼݵݰ׼ң֮󣬾һֱûٱ
󣬱ӭȢݰϵĵŮ嵣ȴһԵοʣߪΪһ֮ࡣ
ٺܾڶµĸȵƴȢ˸ֻƷС֮Ůĳ󣬳˲ꡣӳȣ˵Ըȥȥ룬Ǵδ׺ͳġΪ˽ǼӱɣԼҪ׺ͳҪߡ
ʮ꣬ΪʷԪߡһֱΪףҲһֱΪϵ
˵ЩΪʲô̲ס
ֻǸпԵˡϣҲһ૵
ؿ
ôһȻ÷üۺĸһԽܵĲȻС
ɲʱ򣬷ϺȻˡ
һ󣬻½𡣡
ʲô
£Ȱ˵;֪¿Ըԭ²һأ
˵ϵͷ
֪죬ɽģҲѴ̡ԸܹǧУĸԸǳܹ֮ˣֻʣµһˡвãȵۺͱ¶Ĺ޹к⣬ɷ¿ڲ길׵ķϣһĹµĻ᣿
Ҫôԭʡ
ϴ޺Ŵߣǰ
ڵأͷĵ̺Ҳײ˳ص졣
ؿǰһС̺䦿ˮۡ
ϵ£ֻҪһһɡ
֪ͣˡ
ҲΪ֪ͣûֱӾܾǽһʣа취˵£
ûãҲҪ˲֪˵
á
سĬƬ̣˵
ҵϢֻҪԸ£Ҳ
ȵd᲻Ǿͺ޹ˡ
ظٴһߵס
˴˫ַŷϵֱۣҪ
һöi½ǡǡڷǰ
ɫͻ䣬ϵѪɫǱʲôˣ˲òҰֽذ۾Զǰi彩ֱһ׻
⡭ѵ֣Ҫiȴ͵أţٿ̧ͷأ˫޹һ̷·ܳĻ⡣
ǡ񡭡Ӻε
زǿҵķӦʵش⡣
ʵѾף¸ҲѾ֪ǰΪ͵¶һĨ΢Цҷ͵ļҴ֮񡣡
ʧȻȥ
æеiֲȥ
ȴһ̲࣬ڵϷҲ
еɻԽԽɻջΪһ磬е
Ҳأرɫ
ʶi


250 
͡ɫҰ, Ѫɫʾ˫ţӴ߷϶˻˻׹µλڶʹ
¶, ϱסˡ
Щ, ȥͣǿԼȫ񶼷Ӫ, Ϊ, ͻᱻ־
ӪΨһһΪǵ, ɷĿ϶, ȴ˫һȥ
ϣˣ
ʶס壬ŵشй˰æ
Ĵ󺰴оڷϵĶ, ڷ϶, ȴңԶдһ졣
׹ļ亣, ͳһѪĻ䡣
ϦҹҼһڳϦǰЦ, ฮƫԺȴ˺ѷεĲҽС
, ˣ, ʡʡСӰɣڴļٵ
ϵֳ֣˫ĿС, ʹѾܿˣ
ļ֮½г˷ϻڹеĳƺʱ˿, ûһȥעĴ
Ұ׺亹ˮճᷢ˿, ʪ͸, 㲵ò˫, Ȼûйʡһ׹ˣغڰ׹ȥÿһҪʹ½ӿץһظ׹˺ѵĹ̡
Ӳ֪ʹࡣ
ãܵʹࡣ
ŮټϽǳϦĲӦÿһˡڻдˣǻΪæµԼĶųϦҹɹֻֻһˣر˺ѡ
ÿŮ˶ӡ
ÿŮ˶ӡ
ƺŮ˵ְְͻᡣû˸˾һ⣬ڴŵĹУ˿̡
֪֪
Ҳ޷ӱ
Ͻ˫ۣĿɳƵĺŴŵᣬѾɺԹϡ
ˣʹѾСӰٴβ鿴
ҲˡϳҲˡ
˵ɵˣˣӰѾŵ
ȴʹˡ
˺ѵʹڼ¸ʹһѶļϣ壬ĥֳ롣ȴѾʼԣʼ롣
壡ҵôǰһˣǲ͵˸Ļؿۣ
һִּɤźȻ
ҡҡ׹ƤһŬ̧¶֣̿޴ؿ˿ϣźŮü⡣
һԺǽԼԼܼһŵı⣬ԼſĴɤšһϺʹǰͬһƴָԷǻϣһҪø˾֪
ɵӣߣĪҪ˲˵
͵ץס֡
ҧҧ¶еıˣڲҪʱһ򣡡
Ļ÷ŮͣϵĶ
Ǳ˴˽ɫɻһĬԺ˵ôȻ͹ܼҳֽڹ۶ϣֵط
ڣƺøΪ߶϶´ٶ
ץų֣ȫľʹƿơı
벻ףһ˿ѣÿŮӶĿѣÿŮ˶ᾭ˵ĥѣΪδصıԹΪδ˶¶֪Ůӣ·Ҫ˼У
ظʹһգ漴űһˮӤ
ǸСӣŵĻ÷ڵ˶һϲ
ȴûܸǵϲáһɵĸоֻ˶̶Ƭ̣ٴξʹʱѾ޲ֻʣľˮ¡
𼱣𼱣ע⵽Ȼɫһ鿴ɫһףһ
һ
ĸڷϵԺ׹˼ʹھİΧ֮Уֻʣľ꣬Ųŵָ
һָӷϣһѯʺͲԱߵĳ裬ҲɫѿһԲ
ڣڶӤҲȫ
Ӥ쳹ڵŮϲɫźͳȴֻǿװϲá
ūȥүϢһŮ˵߳˷䡣
˲һɫԽӤҡΪɣݡ
֣ڿô찡Ҳ֪˫ֻ̥׼һӤ
ʱ䲻ȳ룬˺ĵǾֻһ
ǻһŵ
ʷˡ
첽߳ڷߣĿǰľ΢ȵ绹ǵܵܣ
Ҫ㱣΢˫ѰһĳɹҪӡ
̲ס˶ţүˣɣģСģ
輸δߴ٣ڴӷϿд߳һġСġ
Ҫߣһ˵˼͵ס֡
øø϶߶ţһö壬ȡһ˳
ȻҴݡ
һԲΪi֮⡣˫i϶Ϊһȴ壬ͯ
֪Ƭ̣ͻᴫ˫֮һȥϢߵǸӣᱻݣѰһɿ˼Ҹ
һֻҵӡ
Ϊ֪ʣǸӵĻᡭһֱȵսҲûᡣ
ΪߵǸӣݸƽس󡭡Ҳûȵ
ȥ͵Ŀ֮ڰ·ӶĴɢĺӲ֪١Ӹ׼߷ʧµص㣬ұ˸ÿһ˼ңȴȻûзֺӵټ
Ϊ֪䵽˺ηĺŻһũ֣ƽس
񵰣ϷߣֲʶûйϵֻҪƽ־ͺá
ֻҪžͺá
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô

𾪵ؿŻԲѵķйԴԴϵˮ
ûʶʱҲʹ಻
ʹУһδ˵أҲӯͬʹࡣ
δüʲôΪĺĹһѷس񣬿赹ķϣɫ䡣
һᣬھͶ
ɫĹŮ߶ˮֽĿʱʱƮš
ڣţһɫĸΪι̫ҽ˽
̫ҽҩͼҴҵŷϵĴȥͣ½ŲҾ˸δ˵ϵŮͨһ
ˡūûտ÷ˡ
Ϊεԭ򣬽ŵ˵ǣɸźʼղһü΢Ŵϻδѵķϡ
κ󣬴ջذ֣ɫһɣһ˵
˵ûд󰭣ֻģѪ飬֮˸ΪƣҵֻҪĪһ󱯴ϲ㲻ᷢˡ΢Ϊ˿Ѫҩ԰΢תҪһë˽⿪Ľᣬǡ
̫ҽдҩҩŮ󣬿ҩͷ˳ȥ
Թɫкţйˡ
ֻʣغ͸ˣ˱ˣȴãͳѹֵնøխˡ
ض֮ǰʲô
ûŭûɻеֻһĿ̽Ŀ⣬Ҫؿеֻ֪࣬Լжϵóࡣ
ûκɣֱѡ淽
ҡڸѹĿ½һ£ǵֻ˵Ѿɹˣ㺦ҵɷҾί㡭
㿴һᣬƺһһض飬١
һᣬƺ˵ǣΪɫ
£պͲҪ˵ˡ㻺˭ǰ
ƿ顣
֪ǹ΢Ժδˡ


251 
ڵӪ, һʱˡ
Ѫһɫ£˿˿ֵĽ⡣ں̽˴˶˺ҧ, 粽á
һѾֻʣ֮һ, ɫ̨϶ѳ᾵Сɽ, һ΢϶д, Ļ̨Ϻһ, ˡ
ֳͷ˫ǰȻ˯ŵĸٿ˫ۡ˫ƺ, ̶˫Ŀ侲û˿ĿڻζͣƬ, ȻϨ, Բ
ɴҪȡʱƺǿҹجβϵķ, һʹľ, һ, ֵشŴ
ĸףجˡ»ӣطϴǰڴβ, ֻΰˡ
ûеƵķ, ߻谵塣
ڷ϶, Ұ, ֻһ֮гֵĻҺڡһ̲˻ƵĻɣµĶ𣿻ǣֻеһƬҺڣ
Ȼô˶Уôƫƫôƫƫôһɱ֮ˣ
ڸǰϵĿ־״λԹޣںڰ֮ᣬ߶µ֣޷ټװ䵭޷ټװ⣬
ꡭꡭ
ϵľһš
ĸףڡ
ְɡ˵ĸ㣬ְɡҪټȥˡ
ĸס
ĸ㡭ץ֣ڴϣ£ǹٻؼҰɡ
ĸףʲô
ɫѷϲȴڴϣֻ´β˴µĽ̤ϡ
ǹٻؼңɢҲƣӴӲΪǰµĹڣĸ㡭ĸ㲢նʳĸÿ𡭡갡ץ֣㿴ĸ׵ķϣְɡ
ĸס˵ˡӲܴ
Ȼ̧ͷ۵ؿɫƽĸ㡣
Ǳµжд̣Ӵǹٻؼң»ûȵؼңӾѾĪ·ϡһףŶһﳯ⣬ҲҪȶӷȨ֮侮ʯʱʲôĸ׹һҪΣС鷳Ȼĸף˷ϣĸֻˣĸ׷ǵˣԼŷӯʵ˫۵Ҳˡ
ôСʤһͷһ뵽ȫ֮߶Բԣϰ
ĸףƽ̫ˡ
һ뵽ġ롭Ͽ
ĸףӲˡصؿŷϣһԨѵĸΪЩѾȥˣҪŶӷ𣿡
Ͽ޵ʧץڸֱϵֽɿˡ
ϵ˫ϥ֮Уͷһƻڻ谵Ĺз΢Ĺ⡣
㿴ư׷ɫ΢䡣֣ĺڷסȻĸҪǳһжڲ֮Сĸֻ谲壬Ҫʲôʲô궼͡
ӴҪŮΪϾһ΢ͣ˽Ų
һжգ̧۰߲ŤԽ䣬¼ˣҲ֮𣿡
ɫٿȻ
ĸס͵˵
ûľ棬Խ֮ǣԸعҲԸټ쵱µһӡҲ֮𣿡
ɫȫһĨŭɫͻƲǲϡ
꣡úƽʱȻͬĵͳ
һŻŵӰƬ̺˽
ūڣ
˸ոմоѣЩ־壬㡭
㻰û˵꣬͵ذͷΣָԼĺ
ĸףķһУ򡪡Ϊʬ
ĸףҪˡ
ں֡ҧгݵ˵εļ˺Ȼ԰׵ĲһѪӿ˳ڻ谵Ĺ޵ôۡ
ĸף
ɫ䣬ǰһͱЪ˹ķϺˣ

ĸס˵Ǻοࣿ
Ǻοࣿ¶һЦҪҼȥھ
ĸףӲֱĿŭؿŴϵķϣѾ˵ˣߵգѾû·ˣһԨĸѵԸ⿴Ŷӡ
˻ߵؿ޵߬ΣʺѪĲһһ˸ɾıϣţһһǷǣұǣ
ϱQĿ޺һشڸؿڡ
ڴϣһţ᾵ıǴͻȫͷ­󣬸İ׷¶˳
һпƵŭǴ˸򣬶Ȼһ
̫಻Ļ־عڽ䲻Ҵ
ĸסĬƬ̣ĸִˣӴӦǡ
ϵĿһ٣͵̧ͷŵ㣬кȻľϲͫ׵Ĺâҫ˫С
ģ
ġ˵ҴǹٻؼңɢҲƣĸӹɽ֣ճի𣬴Ӵ˲¡
㶵ؿŸ㣬ӿ
㻺˹ȥĴߣֹ˷΢ķסеΡ
㵱Ӧˣٴȷϡ
ҴӦˡ϶
еһ˿ȫɿθΡ
㿴һΣֿ۷ϲϵѪ

ϸոտڣϾʹ͵һʹǰһڣת۱㲻ʡ¡
סʧ壬ƽմѪվĿͶڵɪɪꡣ
˾񲻼ãӽҲϣ߳κ˵ʳþߣȫɽʲôء꣬ʡ
æߵס
սΣһ۴ϵķϣɫӣת߳
ʱȫˡ
õĻӵȫӪأһɹ½֮С
ùĳӪأȴƶ˸µӰ
ɫ˳䣬һ䵭ʣ·룬Ҳƺ˿ΪĿĳֱֱĳ
Ͳˡ
һĵૣںڿУκκۼ
תȥŽµӰ

һ𣬷ϵߣһƬҲˡ
ȻһˣôҵѰ
ϲٽʳǿιһ㣬Ҳ֮ȫ³屾ͲķѸ˥̫ҽɫҴҵؿҩϵ񣬸ôϾʳϢҲһЩԷ
Ϣԥ󣬻ȥϵ
ϲҲҵһΡʱһ˵̫ˡĲҩҽȥһ棬˵һ
䷴ù˵ǣɹͨ˸顣
ûӣһʱͼ˰ڴϵķϡɫ㲣Ѫɫ˫ȫä۾ţƺģߵŮι࣬ϡյĴ˳æȥһΪѡ
ɡ˵
¶ԾɫصڶԥŰݸ
ڴ£ʢϡ͵ߣ̽ҪͽȥһֱһķϺȻץסֱۡ
ҡؾ㲻Ҫ¡
ֱϵȽ
żߡѾ˱ܾ׼벻ǣϵ촽Ȼ⿪һС죬ܹ˳ͽĿС
һ˿㵡
ڳˣ̲ס˵˵ٶιڰɣ
ǻع񣬼Ҩϡιȥ
Ͻ˫ۣһûĥ֣ؽİڲ
Ǿڸոգط׵˫ۣؿ
⶯˫˵ţ
뿪ϡ


252 
뿪, ϡ
ϵĻػصԼסȻصԼߡ
뿪ϣ
ͭ, ϵж˸飺ǷΣǽΣǷﴩĵ壿ܲ, ǸѰɣ
ذ˼, 벻ϵʲôԳΪ뿪Ӫصͨ
ȻһеĻ硣
˵һʵһأ
ͳʾ֭İο
һ壡
Ȼɫ, ½µϸꡣ
Բεıɫ͸Ͼ, һ֪ǿ鲻ɶõĺ, ԼԼĽԿƽϡ
͵񣬲ǫi, һ֮е֮һأ
һ롪Ĳ², Ǿһڸϣ
ܹȻ뿪Ӫص
͵վ, ߳һͣ
, úúıӪ, ȥ߰飬»û߳Ӫ, ͻᱻŷĸ׽ȥ
ȸ㲻Ӫصʱж
֮󣬸, չäĸΪɣٲΧ, , ձøɡƼݡԳΧ, ŵΪ֧ڵ, ÿҹ£̶¾͹˴۴
Ҫ֧㣬ܵȴֻԼᡣ
˼ڵԼʱûԣǱŤŤصһյ裬ĬƵ˸ǰ
̧ͷһ˿⡣
ڵӣҾĸӡشű𴦵ΪʲôҪʳ
ضΪͻȻ㶨ؿ˶٣һΪضѾݼڡⱲӶԸҲϵˡ
Ҳ֪˵Ҳ֪Լôġ
Լͷܵȫһ̡
غȻ̧ͷˮһ峺ɾӭ˸ߡеһضסĿ⡣
Ҿ񼫣Ҿը̽ߣҾ㺦ҷҿѾûĶ¡ЩȨգÿնǿί㣬ûǿҿ㡭ҴһʼͿ㡣
Ŀתؿ˫ۻǿԼչ飬̹ϵԼΪ˼ģ棬̲סʳ˿ڡ
һ޹׺ƭĸ
΢΢ˡ
һûз֡
ΪҲǵһη֡ûôϸع۲۾˫۾һֱֻη壬üĿֱ˫ܽȫ͸˫ֱۡʱ˿̣ŷ֣ԭǹ۲첻
ԭԽԼĿ־Ҳ޷͸
˵ˣضҡ۶˺㣬㡭ҶվߡαǨ㶼ǴǰǸض
سĬȴǿ룬˵
Ҳں䷢ʲô
ִǱƵǰĴۣðˮյвʳָĴָָĦյԵ֮һ˸еĴ
ģǶǸңɼ˵¡
˺ܶ㣬ɶ޹ôΣҶ룬˷ǣǸõĽֱ˼֮ƣΪһƽĵطҼǾ߱αװʬʱֻʣһͷ
ǰӡŲѪӣȴִһ˿Цݣ˫ˮྻˣӤɾӡǿһѪҺˡ
ѪӿҲѪ
ʲôӣҶҪߡ
֮԰һ㶣ڸг˶ݡ
ضϵ֣Ħյָһ£ȻſȵĲյյø̧ߣصཻеңǵԣɥĲ֮ʣҿ˺£
˵ΪƿԣĿ͡
ΪͲ׽ӰҲԸźʶཻ֮õң
ҡ¶ɱ飬Щ飬˭ģ
̽ʧޣ̮飬ֻ粻ƫƫսһաʱʧɱһͼǱҷжҲĴˣĸ״ӷҴľˣĸŷ֪˼̼˺ʲô£ܻһɹϡڷУҲˡ
¹䣬ھϾĹɫƽ͵⡣
֪࣬챻ı鶯ҡ
벻ףô˷УȻİãƽľ˵Щ
Уѵûһ˿
ƽ£ǻ﾿ŵʲôȵ𣿻֮ҪӵֵزŻֹͣ
ߵ̱֮꣬ûзָأֻΪʧԼĸףὫҿ๼֮ˡǰ򴨽ڶʹ׹һ£ѽ˰׼Ҿ¹ޣϱšҲɱʣȴҶȷʵӸϵԸ⾡
ĸңȴҺңΪµȴң㾡Ĵ㣬ض
˵
Ըң
صؽҧһܸо沿ÿһ˿ǿŷ߿µ߬סȹ
Ӧһ£ҾȷĴҡ
뽲
ǰƳ¶ҺϲضΪռһƿƻĳ¶Ҿ˵ģ㾡Ĵҡġ
һƺû뵽Ҫռһƿƻ¶ˮ
㲻Ը⣿˵
Ը⡣ѿڶ
̫죬Լһ¡ͣƬ̺»ָ˵Ȼ˵
ֻҪضˣ˵һƿƻĳ¶һƿһǧƿգҲΪضֲ
شǰյѾ͸Ĳ衣
ҲɻƳ¶˶٣һȻﺱسһ˿ԥ̽˵ضܷɪһ
á˵ֲɻƻ¶Уұһ
һգֱ뿪յֵĲ裬Ҳûкһڡ
˾裬Ϊ룬֪в̤ԨƶԴȴǰһڲҲûСµµһӣŹ⻷Ŀгǻȴֻһն
ɱɺޡ

ѡȴƫƫѡխڵһ
Թˡ
ֽƻ¶еĻˡ
Ҫȥߣ˭Ҳֹ


253 
ս, δ
ֹߣµĲ԰¹ɽȡһ¶ˮ˿һƮڼžİ, , Ʈţʢƻһ峺ĳ¶, ڽѩ׵Ļϲ˲
һֻྻĴ, ὫСƿֵ¶ˮĻϣתۣԲ¶˴ƿ
¶, á
ֻֽĴƿǺã뱻¶ˮմʪɫ䣬Ȼһ֧ϸʢİ׻, С
һ֧׵ƻվ
ɽﴵ˳硣
ӰһɫĳֱĴϡڶɫ߷һʼͲֹͣĲꡣ
һĨ貵Ľ, ߵɽ·Ѻڰ
е¶Ѿʣ޼еĴƿҲװ, Ȼһվԭأȴճʱ̵١
ɽ֮, ȸĳ
ҫ۵Ļ˺ڰĽɽۡƵĳ, ҹµӰ
ﶼϲõӭ
ĿбӵؿдĿĽɫ, ƾȾ˫ĿҰ
ôҫۡ
ôů
ô, ңɼ
þòһԵʱֱ̫ä飬ԥΣȥѾ˻ᶣĹӣ֪ΪȻѿڶ
ӣղɾӣСۡ
˵ԤԽ֮ʣηصͷǣӲûڽĻ
أ֪βӵ̫
ӵ̫һ㶣ʶϵĻ
ȽȽĺչɽȣΪĲݵһƬߣÿһ׵ƻ΢ҫâ̫ɢɽеӰůһͬʵطָ
ӵ̫
شɻͷϻ̳Ͽֵ̫߸ϣ䣬ǧһղ䡣ܹӵ̫
Ϊβܣǰ֮
ǰ֮ԳԾ̧ͷ
ӵ̫
زԣʶҪ׷ʣǰȴֻʣһӰ
ŲԶ˹ȥæһʣ׷˹ȥ
·̤̤죬ƿڵĳһֻװˮĴƿƻŵ䵽չĵط
ͳһҹռƻ¶ƿϵƻŵһ
㾲ؿǶҼİ׻룺ضȻϲ
룬ȹգԴض˴ճ
룬ϲ㽫ɽȵƻֲֻؽݱ𹬡
룬дȻȪͽڴ˴ÿնԡ
˺ܶ࣬ܶࡣ
ǰӵǰѾ֣κͻĹȥ»ص֮䡣
һĨԾɫȻ֣ƻƿߣĴ⡣
һֻɫĺڲԶɣĳԻõĲ⡣㿴ţ
ںܶǰֽһ޺ڴУĴɭϵĻʹ
׺Ȼ鷿£¹һС԰ȵֻ˵ʱ򣬸˸ھͳɹ֧С̡Խʱû˵ҺԷֻз۵ȴһ˵Ļȴԥˡ
ԸʶԽȻҪôأ
ǰ׹֮Ůǰһ֪ѵһ޹ӶҪǣ
ҺԷҲûö⣬óֵԽҲþûг֣俴ּ⣬ѡת뿪˵ء
ڼƻ֮⡣
һ֪ĺϱߴѾմȾµСľޡ
ͷ׵ĺѩһ׷Ʈ
Сľӽת뿪ط
Զʱ򣬱ȻͨһˮţŮʧĽк
ͷһԽӰںˮгˮУƳһŻźµͯӣ˫峺۴ĳң޷ǰľӶ
߳ԽŮֻһˣǹŮûзĴڣתߡװʲô֪İõ뿪˴ȲñϵǴҲð׹ʧȥһҪĳ롣һ̣ʲôû롣
عѾͨһ˺űˮԽԽԶҲԽԽ³Խȥ
һأ˫ྻˡ
ˮͽ޹һƬСĸƼζšˮµ˫ȵţµˮϵ촽½ճһֱߣӷ쳤ˮȻĿڱǣֻʣ˫Ψһˮϵ۾ƴͶĿ⡣
ǲԵĿ⣬ʢ־Ͱ
ˮ֮ˡ
Ǹݡ
һ̣ȻȻʡϲŭˡ
ƼһڵɼҲ׽סһƬƼΪΨһ
ʱԽӰѾʧˮϡһŵĽŲӰϴˮƺлˮĹ˸
ס͵Ǳ˺С
ˮз裬ͷϵ䣬ڷɢƮˮ֮С
Ӻɫĺˮ﷢Ǹ׹Ӱ˫֪Ϊδţؿ֪ΨһܹץĵݣҲ֪˿Ψһܹĵݡ
ˮеֻͣж̶һ˲һ̣Žµĺˮƿˮˣһ㳯ȥ
Խ֡
ֻС׵֣鲻Խ֣С
֣ߣȥ
ԽڼȾŵ£Ҳûס½Ϸж׾زŽµˮˣŬڼĸ
ˮԽԽ
չˮȼգԼкӰӣԵˮͷཹཱུˮǶߡԸԣѾܾû˰
ڡƿˮ棬»صˮϡ
ԽʱŽסĲӣڴڵغʿδ޴ţ񾪹֮һ㵽Ծ
صϺйһӵϡ㱻˼ΧվȺ⣬ű˴ӵֽŹĵԽϵʪԽԽأƺз紵ҲԽԽ䡣
עĴڡ
Խ
ҲԽƿ˵ֽýͰͣűΧ˵㡭˭
չҡҷˮں棬Ҳ˳ȾС
㿴۾˵ꡣ
ʲô
ҽи㣬Сꡣ˵ี֮ӡ̧˫֣Խķ꣬
ǵĵһμ档
..
Ҳ
Ƕʢƻȥ͸ΪԸʹֹֻҪ谰ؼͼŹֻ֮ҪԸת⣬ǴǰжԹʶһΡ
һǷģȫԸΪ´ǰһС
صӪʱ̫Ѿȫ˸߿ա
صǰͣ½Ųɢƻƻ¶һ˵ǰоһ˿ԣԤûÿţ˽ȥ
տյ
ﶼûӰ
ؼƲԣź
ŹȥĶˣŭȵ
־ֿ֣ܵع
ǳȥҸ𣿡
ⲻܣһ˵ûͨôܳӪأȥĶˣ㻹ʵ
ȥҸˣսľǸ˸壬ͨ𣿡
㡪شŭҪ˵ͱˡ
ʲô壿˵
ǡǴЯǿ尡
ֵؿŸɫԽԽֱͣûϢ
һߵ𣿡˵
ƽʱһƽͳˡƽУǲʱܱľκˣѹֶΣգ˺󱳷
ȥ飬һߵ𣿡
һ£غܿ̽˽
ԽһߵģǱԹӵ壬˰顭
ãﶼûκ
ȥˣޱĸһվţҲȥˡ
˲֪ãڿˡ

ٳֹӣԴ׷á


254 
ݣ
ݣ
խѵɽ·, ƥڷ۵糸
ؿź£µϰϼٵ, Բеƥ԰ףݵİ顣
µĽһϵĴ, ƤͲƵ, ǵƤϣ͸Ѫ, ˽ġ
ʱ, ҲõӪˡ
ҾսƭƥͷȻͬȥ, ׷Ҳǳ顣
ȥ, һ·֮ǰ˵, Ҫֿߣ
ֿߣ𾪵ؿһԵأһҪôߣҪǱ׷, ֻ׸ķݣ
ѵԼǸҾĶ𣿲鷳ллˣӿص, ŭԵøʵ, Ƿֿ߻ܶһ·һ߾ֻһ
еһʲôҲû˵ֻͷԵص˵ͷ, ʾص
ֲ·Ѿǰ, غԥߣұߣ
¡յ˵ͷʲôһе, ʲôطͷ
ݣ
ؽֱ, 
ݰ׼Ҽ
ڶߴ, һתۣƥͱ˲ͬĵ·
ؼʧӰ䣬ֳ̧ߵĶ׹
̵Ķ׹ڿлһӰĳУһ׹ڰ͹ƽɽ·ϡ
ؼнݣ
ûһ˻ȥݰ׼ҡ
ΨһĿĵضȥ
ԼʱһƬͣƥתΪߴܣСرܿµֱ֦Ե̽ŲԶرص춴
ɨȥʮȫװĽʿ춴⣬Ҫƿǵķؽ춴ǳ˵Ρ
زͷϵķ˷٣ӵϼԼϣȻҧҧײײس֡
˰
Ϊ׵Ľʿϳأæŵѽʿɿ
ְμ£º˻ţ
һ֧˵αͻϮӪأڴأӪֲǴǰݰȱ
õǴһ㶣һ˿ɡ
ңҴӪͻΧĻһ֧ʮ˵СӣΪ˱ң·ˣֻһеЩǸ˵ģѵĻ𣿣
ǡ
Ƚ˵ó߬еİi
Ǹ뿹ɣ
͸ҫ͸Ĺâ
쿴壬˵ְ͡
ɣ
ŴĻһ󼱴ٵϣ߰ɽ·תǳ춴۶
غͽһ𿴵һĻ컹ʱȴѾӦ
͵תʱ֣ЩµȹڰĴУǱݣ
ʹͼһЩͻȻĿ˦¡
ԽԽ׷С
ضǵĺδţһ˼ؼҪشߴ¿٣٣ټ١
εۣĤһͷ
ƳǸɫӰһֻ֮ҧظ֮ܵͬһĿ⣬
ɽѣܲһȺߴýĿɽ·ϱףһƥػɫƥ׷ᡣ
ۼǰҫĿĽֵķ϶ֱ壬ȡ˹ϵĳͼʸǰƴıӰſ˹
غΧĽʿŵؿصľЩѿڶ͵ػعݺҧһ´ǿѡ
Ӻѣ
ޱ飬ֻͦؼʯȶ˳˳ļʸڹϣ׼ȷ׼ǰӰ
ѡ
ǸӰͿѪҺÿһ֫ٺ
ѵĻǵȼĻѪҺһԭ֮𣬴ؿһ·ȫƣǣԽ˼µʹͷŭʧȥб飬ԭ֮͸壬ΪǺ侲ȥάȥı飬Ѿȫ
ֻ뽫䣬ȫɣ۾ʡ
ΪʲôҪ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôҲҪ
˱治ɫΪʲôƫƫҲҪԼ
ػɫƥֵͬʱɿеĹҡ
Ľ֮󣬼ʸһǰӰ
׼ȷػɫƥʹİǰϵӰھҵĵб
ͨһڵϣϥǶʹĹ˼һؾֽŲõײײƴǰȥ
ǰ׹֮
ٲͣľǷǡ
ضǰѾɼ·ǵûм٣þȫͷȥ
ض
ŲԼԿһ˿ΪԤϵΪĿ־塣Ƿ·޼᲻ݵƽһ̷ֱ
ûлͷûͣ
ɽͷɢˡ
ûܹסĽŲ
Щ죬δĿܡΪ롣Լȥ˼νͣȻƲסҹ˾ʱԾӵƲסÿҹͿʼڱµĿ
Ѿ뾡˰취û취ʱȥǧӪ͡
ʱһ£Ļ
ɫյˣǰҰˮϴѹֿõľͱQʱ̶̾ʧء
ټ͡
ûͣҲȥ
ǿװǿļǿûлʯ֧ţͻʧںڰС

һ̾
û䣬ʧȥɫ
ض
һ˺ѷεĽкغԥһԾ
ʧظֻƬ̾ͣסˡ
ص˫ڰգʯ˳᾵ɽڹȥȻϢʧԨ¡
һֻ԰׵Ĵ֣Ҫͷһ߬ס
ָǷףֱϵÿһرˡҧأռ򼤶ѵĺѪ˿ǶС
ضĿѵؿ֮У֡
ſ˵
ϵʹһֻŸָ֣ͷȴһβ
ضɵ¡ܣҲ㡭ʲôҶӦ㣬ɵ¡
Ļûмһ˿
ֵΡ
Ҳ޷ƭԼһȻûκϢͣȻ
ƭԼˡ
˳ԴԴ£Ѹٴʪ½
صȴִź;ġ
ſҡ
ضض
غȻſνյ֣еľϲոһֻĽͲֱ
ͻľʹһɣص׹ȥһ̣ͽץס䡣
޵ѪҺ«ɫεδϡ
˫ۣԥذγһβ˹ȥ
һƺߣץ䲻š
ض
һĨʡ
ض뿪ҡ
ؿĿ⣬һοˡ

ţҲֻ˸ʹࡣ
˵Ҳֻһ¶ȵĵѡ
㷸µҲЩˣҲ
ˡ˵㣬֮С
£ؿ׼ָǵ͵شȥ
ָڽ̽һ̣ɿˡ
صеķ񣬱ֱ¼׹ȥ
ض
ĴԽԽԶ
տӳص
ƣյա
ôɾ
Хķ壬ҪԶ
ţһ͡
ۣǰһǷĵɵס
źޣһͷһãȻԼûĳ˵
ʲôޣӻûء
ϡ


255 
صʶںڰг, Ĳذʱĸбҡεĸܡ
ĸ, ĸȥأ
Ժðͷʱ, ĳˮʼȥ
˿˿ؿڡ

dȵ, ʹҡǶȥˣ
Ϊʲôֻʣһ
ӿϵȴлصǣʶ𽥺, ĸо, ߴߴȸź΢, ƮĶߡ
ػ㱼˫ۣޱ޼ʵӳһÿ̸ڵĴι״ţ׳֦쳤εա
ãȻգգ̧ۣСĵչ߹տУһĨƬ, 绺Զ

һˮʶػջء
ʶʲô, ͵ĿǰĶϿȥ
峺ˮĴƮڵӳӰӵˮ, һʯɫȻ, һ·ƿˮȥһȺССĴ, еóˮ, еƵ߶ţβһ˦һ˦ſ£ó档
رŵ, һҶ, ֱںĴ߳ˮ, ̤ɳͶʯΪİߡ
ϾȦסֺ˵أطŵ˵ϡ
زǵһμĹƷой󣬸ʽ䰲԰ֻдĳεʱ򣬲̶ӵһԱ·⣬ظûмҰĴ󣬸˵ϣӾ˵ĸܡ
ڵϽֱ˺һᣬۼȺתӣƵȥŸ𾪵شİľ
һ滷ɽ纣ֻһΪڵϿȡ
ԶдУŻɫɫСһȦȦʸͻ޴ڱ˴֦Ҷ϶©µ۰⣬ǵմڵɣ΢ҡţ˸šȸݷɵУһֻŴβ͵ë󣬴֦һڶ
زˡ
ʲôط
ûܻشʣߵֻԶȥһȺ
ȵң
żѿڶæȹȥ׷Ⱥ
ȥĶܲٴһ̣
Ҳö׷ھͷԣԴһж˵
ɽɲһֵطҹ˭֪ҹ߻ǻܣȻȺӦٰԵȺߣҲʧΪһҰֶΡ
ͷĴͷһۣ˦˦ӣظոϣͼһֻڶ󷽵ĴڱһöɫӽĻ
ҲҪӡҪߡŹ⻬ĺӣ㶵ؿǰͷ
ͷȴñܾ֮Զ׼
ٴ׷һǿӲ
׷ЩƵš׷ˣãȻεؿȺʧ֮Уһվ⣬ʪܣֻһֻ֪ĺӡ
ȵȺ׵ĽŲʧ֮к޿׷ѰĿꡣɨΧİĻһȻԺ
Ȼˤ󻹻ţͻҲţ
ڣпͬһط
뷨ɢеĲͿ־壬˳أ֡
ԭֻһûи翲룬Χķȴ˶ò
ϤǺ֣һ·ȥ
͡͵ȷ˴ϴֵԼİţ͵Ҳƾdµְţҵ˱ȥƽɽկǣ
û
ϲͷۻòסɣżŵˮǸµļǺš
һᣬˣȥ
ֵ߽ΧûȻͣ˽Ųǰͷ֣룬صߣԼϰĵطСʯͷڳһֻªѼ״Ȼ£ܶװһڴĶʯ
ʯ̫أҧȻѧͷЩŮǣ˦˼ϣȴЩԼһ˦òףסӣһʯȥһߣһһöʯӡǡ
ϵ֪ˣĲֻʣһöʯ
ǵĶʯÿһ·ԱߵһԼǡ
ϦѾˣȴİٱԼҵǺŵˡ
ָտʼɵţһλصʶĴʱʼҡ
аһΣǶתתǻصĵط
˼վ£üͷżǺָķȷ֪Ǻȥǻص
Ϊʲô
Ϊλ´ļǺţ
ѵڷˣԨµԴõõ˭
ۼĹѾԽԽ谵ڸоһ˿Ĵ˿ҵһɷֲ԰ĴԼȹڣѧ»ҹͽ׾˴
˫ƱֲڵƤĥƣ˿˿Ѫ벻⡣
Сضʮҵһ֦󱳿źʵɣɫصһ޼ʵ֡
֦棬ҶƬӳҰһƬ硣
ظɴ˫ۣһ··
ؽ֣ȥֲõɣֻһһżǺŵ׮¹ճ͵н·ߣȻּǺŵķֲûй򡣼ÿ߰˿ͻһǺţϱУҲУУҲСܲļǺɢȥٽسԭ㡣
͵ۣһ˼Ĳ븡ֳ
µļǺţģıʼ´ļǺţ͵ķأ
ǧͣ˭
ĲȷģôѧµǺҲٰȫԽǸԽģ£´Σô򵥵ļǺˡ
ţصĶӹ
Ӫӣ˼أԵ٣˲١ոΪ׼ӣŵõˮδںȻʣһӾ˴ĺɫӡ
ԥؿ˿ӣֿ˿ҹܣСĿһڹӵƤ
Ƥ΢ɬһ̣ĸ֭ˮӯСزһʼССһӦĴ㣬ȥһӾʧ˴롣
ˢˢһӰҹɫȻԾڵ֦ϡ
һסɣһؿǰССӰ
©µ¹⣬ǰһֻè˶ٵСӽ֦ͷһ˫Բ۾ֱضеĺɫӡ
شƬ̣̽ؽԼȥ
Сʯһ㣬Ҳؿ
Ҳԣ˺ԼĻһ˵һŽĹӵݳ
ϵǣСһ߶Ĺӣһ߶ͼ
ŵջعӣСҲסһ˲䲻ˣص˶״̬
Ϊѵؿ˿Ĺӣ˺һᣬǽĹµ֦˳ȥ
ջֺСһ磬˹ץߺӰû壬ʧ˻谵
һҹ紵ظеڽͣ´˻ȥϵź˯۾ͷ©ǿա
һҵ͵ġ
ͬ
ͬ餡


256 
۾һҹ, ҹɫԵʱİȫؾȷգգ۾, ԺҪ˯ʱ, һֻӲԶĺɫһ飬ۡ
ںڵĳ, ڵ֦ǰΡһطʪβ֦漴㲻ɲز֦⡣
֧ССԴɺֱؿء
˯⾡ʧ, Ȼĺŵòɢֱͺ߶, ֪ͱ
Ȼζؿһ, Ƶ쳤壬Ϸһ֦, ˻ȥ
⣬ŵؼæ
ȵ˫Ųȵ棬ؿ𽥰δһͷï֦ܵһֱװ·һ̧ǰȥѰ͵ټ
ǵ͵ļǺſ⵽۸ģظ˼Ǻŵ״ӵ˶ʯһԵʯͷ, ;¶ֵܵİš
һԲֻ, һ˫Բ۾, һʯԲȦ, Բס
ֵһֻԾȻˡ
d, ҪǼһ֪
ǺŶĸźһ˼ֱߣܿ߳ǽĵط
ͽֶֿȥĶӷĽĽ١رͣѰһЩܳԵҰǸҵľ඼ûࡪδҸͷҲѰҪö࣬ؿǾ޴ޱȵľɡ쵵Ļƣ﷢͵Ǿ仰
ڵʱ򣬲ҪҰĢ
طҰѡһԿǵ͵޺ɫҰ
ȥҰЩ֮ǰϵĿʳҰ֮һŽż⣬һ֧֦ժһöȭͷС
ûϴֻ䷴ãȻСͽսսҧһڡ
û֭ˮƤɬǱˮһ㣬Ȼζ˿ûйӵʹ
óԣӦûҲûʲô֤ݣĪһԤУ˵ѳԣҲԶԶóԣôһƽĹӣӦòж˵
ֻ˰ʣµİ£Ȼժ߰˸ӣ°·Ѱ͡
֣ͷ©µĹ谵سʱոĹȴ֮󣬲֪ʧȥ˶ʱжϡ
ؿܶĲΨһǿʯͷһһǰȥ
ôͣͣ󣬱ͻ谵ԽԽ֪һ併ˡ
Ѱ˸ʵĿյͣһ˲ſǿϱĴ£óɫҧһڡ
ζͬ
òײҵ͵ϣȻ׷ֻӿܳãգգǰѮһ£
ӦѾ뿪˰ɣϣȥݺ󣬵֪һе游ӦԸķӣȻ׼վҪΪۡ
Ȼһ죬Ŀǰıλ뷨谶ʱӦûΣաԺ˵׼ˡ
谱ϣϣһϧĺð֣ϣһƼܹػµĺþЩʱյദȫףЩϣ޵ֻһԸĻˡ
谵֮ˣȻ⸴ĺɽΣѾʼ¶ʱĴ࣬ûҳûû
Ĵֻ࣬һֻв򣬼޷紵Ҳпһ̾ȻϢϨ
زɱۣѵ࣬Ѿ
ΪĹѵ޷
һ΢紵İĹ֮ҡغȻѣ̧ͷϿȥ֦Ҷӳķ϶͸һĨ
ҹٴˡ
ؾԼ˼˷̫ʱ䣬һ߰գһҪѰҺʵĹҹ
תͷĵǻӡ
һʼԼٿǻ𲻽ûˣʼˡ
ϸܣĵĹ㲻󣬾˷ƵĹ֡
ѵǻ˵Ĺ
һ˲֪ĵĶʲôѡԸǹ
һͷһͷҰǴ߳ΪͷҰǶҪ߳࣬ҲΪ׳ɫŴľأӣڵ
鲻Խغһһȶ˽µĸɿ֦
ͬʱͷҲǰȣزٿԥת˳ȥ
ֻһͷó˳̵һǰȥ
ⱲҲûô
ʱɳܵٶȣҲȲԼѾܵٶȡ
ʱûɳˣҲûͳֱˣҪܲȺ˵ҵͣҪɰ׹ǽ
ҵ͵ϣǰŲҪǵĿ
ʧ䣬ر֦ڵأʹܣȴ˵ķһֵתͷнǿ鲻֪ܷʲôõʯͷ
ѵҪ
ͷҲѵҵ֮ǰҪȳΪǵĿ
ľؿųѪڣֱ޷ҰǿеȷƺѾ˵ϣغµرۣȴʱ̵١
ݡ
ƿ֮ͻȻȻۣǡÿһֻ֧ʣӰ׼ȷͷǵۡ
еͷһصҵ˵ϣһƬҳԭΧȺٿͣ˽Ĳͷ£
۾ϲͷվѪ˳ۿļ˳õһֻ۾Ҳͨ졣
ʲô
ͬƽһף˫ŵػͷָһ£ΪҲˣڻվǰ
վһ˸ߵľʯϣϻŷֱѣֻֻʣڵƲزסη﷭ɣг£ĥʯͷߵļʸȵ׼Ŵͷǡ
˫ȻҫۣźӢ¡
̵ѣѪҺע壬һ»˹
ֲ˿λʵһĻڷʱȴƻõĳ¶ճ֮ͻɾ
ֿˣ껹ûعѾײײȥ
ͷǴĴϢ·ضߣһҲ¡ˣʲô¡Ψһֻ£ûߵǰӰɢţţֺ̿Ͱעǰˡ
ᶨĿεδͷǣûгͶĿ⡣ģʵϤԽǿԽ޷ֹͣ
ڣߵͺ͸˵ͷǾþöţֻּ΢紵Ҷ
֪˶ãͷתȥѪĽµ䡣
ͲչֵãŽеĿתأôûˣ
һѰĹص᳹׾̡
ҲƲסĵУ͵˽ůϤĻ֮С
ҡҵˡ
زغģߡ
Ƭ̺͵ַŵı
ǰ٬ȴشһ˿ʡ
˵
šҵˣϡ


257 
, û쳤ؾãôʱԶͣһ̸жá
ؿʧõİ֮˻, ճյͼӣͱ, §ļ, Ŀתؿ, Ŀϸϸġ
ñط, ˶ϤԷ±仯
, ˣ꣬ڣ϶СС˺, ȴӼˣΨһǰ۲ӵηĿ⣬Ȼ, һȫȻͬǣҲܴһ޶, ҫ糯յнϳ
ضԣȻǸ͡ȴԼϵı仯Ϊϲشͳõע
ҡǲǱˣסԼա
һҹھܾϵĥ, 跹˼´˲٣ټ׹º¶ޱ, Ǳ㲵ý
, ͵һۼ, ڵ
Ǹϡ˵
ְӱܵףòֱԼ
Ͷؿɵۣ
ӾûôÿĴϡ
һȣؿ
ס֣ʮָ棬ͨӵָһ·ϻΪۿ⡣
˭ӵŮôࣿһֻĦգ롭ԭԼǾͷңԺӰòãڼңڼңҳУҶ׿ӣš
˭ҪˣΪЦ̧ŵᴸһ¡
Ͱ˴򣬷Цˡ
㾲ҹشǵķ˿ǰ֦ƶɵļ׳͹һԵ֦ϡ
̵ҹĻ࣬յĽ£ǿշ·ֿɼ
һжͬþ
ϣһһ֪ͳĬżʣĵ¶ȸؽһ㾭
УȻҲǿ¡
Ƿϸң뿪ϡ
ȡ²ϵ壬һԲؿİԲΫiԵɫ
κ°ϵĲӡ
ʲôϵĵ
һ㶣ɡ
ҪҪգǧǧ򣬵ȥֻһ̧Ƥض˵ǳ£ѼȺһ𳤴󡪡ɣ޸ĸ͡
ƺһ۾Ϳص룬ΪţͽǻĲ⣺
֪ҴӺζܴΡһңҲֻ͡
Ŀˡ
벻ףΪһ̥˻нյرͳڲçʳҪѼʳÿһ϶˵һϾĿ飬ֲʶ£ȴû£󣬽ʳ⻷Ŀгʥʤ˫ȴȾ
ⷬرģʲôԭ
Ǹȼ˶ԸϿҪ
Ǹȼ˿ƹʵĹϵ
һһóµʥ飬ס˸ǣпڲԣ۲ܿԭɵ꣬ڱŤã
ݻ㳤䣬ͳฮվǷֻͬ
⾪˼𽥷ɢء
̧ۿ͵˫ۣ˫ᶨ͵ӰһȣһĿ˫Ϥ·
ͳںδţ䡣ߵǸҲɸˡ
׹֮һֱ𣿡ʡ
͵˵ͷֽ紵ϵķ˿𵽶
Щһֱҳȥ·ǡ˶٣¶һ˿أûп·µļǺţ
ˡ˵ܶ࣬ҡ
һΪ˲ҳȥһֱңʲôǺţ͸ŸʲôǺš˵
»бˣشһʱ˺ӣ᲻Ǻӡ
ˡնӲ󡣡
سԾؿ
ҸʱҹܹϮ˼׼Щһ˵ӦóµףָƣкüҶסˣǱص˦ˡ
㿴ģ𣿡׷ʡ
û棬ֻ֪ΧһƤͷġ
ͽ˽ȭͷָžž졣
䵽ҪҰƤ
ǻǱ֦ˣ취ȥ˵ɡȵٲdţΪܣҲûˣȥߵһ𡪡µһҰʲôȰ
ͳĬƬ̣ս֣˵öԣһҰ㲻ʲôڵĵ֮취뿪
һ仰û˵ߣһֻµһڵƤ
µһһֻҰȷʵ㲻ʲô
Щ˯ɡصļ磬һѰҳȥ·
ɵðȣԤϽҹ˯øʡɵص˵ͷ͵ͷӡһǡ
㻹ǵǵһǵʱ𣿡۾ؿ
ôǵãһ϶
ſڵʱظ˵
ϸꡭ
̫
˶ͣ
ŵؿͣ·ټĳ鲻Խ뿪Ļ
㲻ǵǵһǵʱˣ˵
ôǵã̫
꣡ߵǲǵˣ
˵꣡˵ʱͷˣӴޡ
ƨգҲط
δţ˵˵Լûмˣ˵û˶ôã˵ԼһֱҾͻһֱ𡭡
еĳǱ˶ʲô֮ز֪Ϊ񣬽·գҲգؿ˵͡
ô˵ʡ
˵Ͷߣһһٵʹ㲻Ҳһֱ㡣
ĻȻӿ
͵ĳŵҡҷĹ͵Сȸ촽¶ȣһһĻ¸ǰ
ʱҾ֪һȫĴϡͿ˵Ļ˾ԼֻҪ±һֱţ
֣˵
ΪΪֻҪ뵽㣬ͻڡ
֣ŵԼؿڡ
һõϣشǿ׳
мԼһǿҵҲе˵顣
Ҳǡ
鲻Խؿˡ
һ̣һ̣ֻ͵Ӱܳֻ͵ܳƮԺȴ˵Ըȥǰ˵ĵ
Ƕ̻չ裬Ĵڣܹҫ۵̫
һˣհ裬ֻңǰ
һԼҵˣеİǰ
ãȻԥͺһɢ
ѾȻٱҹۡ
ߣǺݡǷ䣬ֻ࣬㡭
ͷͷϣʵ
ǧǧΣҲֻᰮһ͵ˡ


258 
Ҳҹ¶, ؾԼ岻̫á
Դγģ̫Ѩʹز˵, ˫Ȼرû
ôˣ
͹ĵĻۺͻأһ, æûʲôһСĳˡ
ʱʲô񣿸ϽָҡͲɷֲ˵
, ͽÿһŵ, ͣӦϷء
䵽˫, ɵرء
ĻѾʼϤ, ᳵ·һСϪϴڣȥԱ﷽ʱ, Ͳ֪Ķҵһ񵰡
˷ֹĿ֦ľȡһ񵰺ܿ˺Ŀ񵰡
һڶʯ飬Ǻι
ôʡ
ССڵƷζſе񵰣һʼľΪɡ
ͼе, Ǳȼʡ
˵, һ񵰿Ŀ
æʣأ
˿һµ, ˡ˵, Ѱõ˻˵
ؼɫα, 񵰸ȥ
ùʳ, ʼΪ뿪취
ȡصľ, 򵥵İţ¶صѼʽͿѻ˵׷ҪģˣԼҲ͵Ĺʲô
ѡȡһ·زĽų̣岻ҲǿŸĽŲ
̧ͷգֻܴ֦Ҷ϶͸жʱ䡣͵ʱؾԽԽأؿҲ
ǷҪͣͣϢһĽŲ
˻һǣ֡
߲ˣɫһ䣬ôô亹
ҡҲ֪еΡܡҹˡ
ʲôôأͶȻĲ²⣬ͷλʲô֢״
ذԼϵĲһ飬˶٣ֲһ䣺֪Ϊʲôҵرء
أ
һԵ£ȹȹڲ鿴ȡ˵Ұ⣬ػǲе߳ܣҪ͵ѳ˫
ҶͲɵ
ĽףϸϸذصСȿ˸顣
ʲôȻͣĿһ㡣
ضȥһССĺϥ·ĵطϸĲ鿴޷
ԼҲŪǺʱεʲôµĺ㣬ֻһȷ˵Ҳҹҧİɣվͻġ
ֵطӻͨ𣿡͵Ⱦһ˿ôڲ˵
š˵ҲûãҲ鷳
ԼŮ˵鷳ʲô鷳ûشĻ
أ뿪һᣬʱץŲ֪ĶëҰݣһ˵ͷŽ׽
ɻ󣬾ͼ޼ڣϡõҰݽĭӣһϡ
ƨˣذ
ͰסȣһҶĴϣŭҶ㲻Ҫˣ
زҶˣؿԼһ̲īɫֻ޿
ˣǷҩݣҩֹѪⶾȺһʱ俴˵
ʶίίʡ
ʶ
㻹˿ϣسһ
ӵȻûôɵ˵Լ֮ǰˡͰǿĸܷſˣ½ӾУ
ԷߣԼȷʵûʲôòĵġ
ҩݺ֮ȷʵҪһЩˡ
Ϳ©Ĺߣ˵ãͷѾˣͣϢһᣬͷ֮ټ·
ֱ̫ĵطͷʲôϵ
֪Ϊ˵ĻָжΣ˵ûˣǼ·ɡ
ͲΪ˫ԺֱӾȥ
ڵϣɵһȣէй
ϸƨˡ˯˵˵һʱӡ
ؼ״ҲȰ˵ǿһϵƣ˻ᣬ󱳿ϴϾ͸ܵϮ
˯һᡭԺ˵ȻǵýҡһҪҡ
֪ˡ˵
صõĳŵŷĵԼʶȥ
һᣬҡҡ׹ͷŵԼϡÿȹڣֿ˿ҧĵطȷ˿ûк׶񻯺󣬲ŷĵذͷصͷϡ
Ȼ²壬ʳȻ˻֧ŵһ̰ޱȡ
ֱһ£˼ĥֺֹһ׹µһԺֻʣء룺ҪǾôˣĴϸô죿
Ĵ󼦵ܰѷš
Ĵϳúÿ
Ĵĵױƭ
Ĵĵ˵
زûҲûء
ǷһĴ飬ôĻ˵ĺӼ
ȵȡ
͵һñطԺ¡
һǳҪ¡
ֱ壬־ɵĿͶƽ̹ĸ
ĺأ
ⶼڼˣûһ㶼
ѲǱµһ
Ͳ룬ŭֱţ˲ػû˯ѣѿڶ
ϣǵĺأ
ûѣֽһ飺أѣл㣡
߻𼱻ǣȴ˯óġ
ͽеʱڲһ˿Ծ
ϣأ
ҡļȴǺƵģû˿Ӧ
Ͳϥ±ߵҩݣ㻹֮ǰûʲôܿ϶صĻΪ⴦ҧΪεֺ˼ΣȻûκηӦ
͸׹ºûʲô㡣
޲ߵؿ
ϡһ£ھʹȥ
ץص֣Ѻʶ˱ϣǰȥ
ÿٲüʯͷһ̫ȥĹԽԽ谵͸оϵĺԽԽ΢ĲҲˡ
κ϶û˿
Ĺһαһʲݣֻص򵥿ݵ
ʯΪڴֲڵƤĦѾʧȥķ£ֻ·׵ĺۼķҵӵʯӣȶķǰ
뿪κ﷢졣
һϽһƤ˳òֻʮ꣬ͷѹԺһ˫ں峺Ĵۻת£ȷΧûΣպ󣬲̧ߵ¼ǺŵĴǰ
꿴˿ϵļǺţƤΧͳһʯذףߵȻͬķһһ޵Ĵһ޼
ؿ˿ԼµĽʯͷذףкȻɵ˳ȭͷ
Ǳڵϣûü𣬽ʵʵȭͷžҵϡ
ùһùʮ壿
ϣŭڵȭͷӶȥ
벻
Ҳ֪Ļǵȭͷˣףɵ۾ؿ͡
벻û½ץɴ྾ԺļͷɫβӵŮˣȥ̽Ȫ


259 
Խ׼ٳ, ݰլѾˣҲܵġ
ε򴨽ڶʹݼܱҪ춼ᵽ˸ϡ
ˣ, ڶʹۡʱ, ҶʡȥĹ
ڴ͵Ļλϸ
ĵط, ֪˶Դʮӡ˽Ĵ, , ˭, Ҫһʱ䱨ٸ֪鲻
вĿɨˣ
ǹ, һɰѲͬﴦ
·Ӧ¶ɫ˿, ɵα˵ݵǻˣ
һմ, ϻףһ糾͵Ľվ, ֵ
ˣݵĴˮδ˾, ˮ֮䶫, ǵĽʿ಻ʶˮԣҪһ򾡻һЩʱ䡣
ʱ䣡ϴҲô˵ģ͵, һŭɫ, ⶼȥˣûóɹ֪, Ҳ
Ϣŭ
ͨһ
һ, Ŀɨڻֵܡ
ֵǻ, Ҫʲô紵ݶһʱ֪Ҳźð
վӦ
Цеعֵ˵ʲôȻѡ£ǾҪų͢£ֵζиĵĻᣬĻᣬòŴ˵Ҷˡģֵܵ׶ƤﰲʲôģҾͲ֪ˡ
üͷһźԲһǵģʱǽҳ縸ĵ϶ӰݣƽҿڳԣҲˣ˾ǰ㻹䣿ôòһǸĵˣ
ɫݣҪ˵ͷشÿҪݵֵǽϷ롣
ûꣿʲôطҪͻȥų
󻢶ŻϿĵı
˲ɣ˲áֵţǻº̺ǸϯǶҵǰ֮ң¾Ͳǻڶʹô򵥵ˡҲΪͬǿǣŲòС΢
һץסʱֵΪɷѿģְס
󻢺ͶҲŵͷǡ
һָ棬յϣЧ˵˼βĻ뿪ֻһĸ
뿪ǰα飬šü㶢ʲôˣ
ˣֵܳ˴ܻ¸ͬһ¥òѾ⡭ûʲô鷢ҲûܴϢ
Ҫˡһ溩ļ飬ڸ۽˵٣۾һǸģܵġǽݵǻϵǣɱǰҲܻϵǣǰݴһʱ䣬Ҳǻʲô֮ܶһݲ˳ϵˣʱ䣬ϱ
ĸæ˷ģְһ
ͬһʱ̣ꤿ죬ǰֵһ½ͣһҾ¥⡣
ôɣҲԷһϲشȡ
ȷʵɡҿӦòӭңһǲûȤˣšȥƮ¥ˡ
ǻˣո϶˵ĻЩǷףڷ˼ˣʹдһɣ٣ˣ
ǰס󻢻ļ򣬲ɷ˵ذ
ɣλ羹ȻҲԼ˳ԷСܸƲ𣿡
󻢶ͷɫʵС§һĸױݾ£һס°òŮ˳
һߴһֵһòѾߣ˵˵ЦЦؽ˾¥
ԶҵҡҡͷǰĻѾֲֵ֣ǽͺͺõϷ뼸ÿ춼Ҫݣһ޲öһһֺͺ··Ҳ֪˾Ǹ˵ûǸ鲻á
ֵ߽¥Сӭ
λ͹٣Ҫż䰡
󻢵ɣҲûʲôĻҪ˵
Сû˱ڴһŷǰ˵򵥣һ˾¥ʮòˣһ㵥Ĵ׵ֱ顣
굥СӦһǰȥˡҡȣЦеŴڷڵʳǣͶ´
ϽǸµһ¥¥ݿںĳһֵ߽Ǹؤһټ߶ҵǸһ˫۾ǡ
ĸӡĻ濴ǡС⩹һòѾߵ°ͣ٬ЦǲǰС˶
΢գ°ͲɫرܿС⩵ָϷĿ⡣
ϷҪȫڱԵߵܲһ£СЦƫͷòѾߵĶߵһ޼ӣǰɣСȸ
ȵˣ°»صС⩵ָ䡣ϸܵͿ֬ĨۺǰҡҷԼɼƬɫȫסˡ
˵˵ɣʲô˵ϢûУ
ǵضͱˮˣˮСˮĶѽС˵С㣬СϺףϺϺףҿˮˮ
źã˵ˮˣĶҲͶˡ
Ҫһֻԣ˵ûữʲôҡҡӣζ
ҪȥĶң˵
˵Ѿܾû˵˼ˡȻ´ԣǴڹܲµԶ˰ɣ
ȻԣôôȥһֱĬȵڿˡļͶ󻢵ȴһ˿⡣
Сȸ˵öԣЦŴԲôˣֵֻĴԣȴδ˵Ķʬ塣ܰ㻹Ǳˡ
ȰɡҲûİ취ˡС⩵ͷǰյ΢΢Ļˮûǳˮɫǽ컹˭ԵĶ飿ܻãܡҲԸˮߣңڡλô룿
˭Ҷν̧ȣסһЦǷƽɽկǧһҪҡ
Цſһۣˡֵͳһʱɲࡣ
ȻǾûʲô˵ˡһɵض˶ȣȰɣſԣʲôʱ
һʱԱ㣬һиʣطֱ뿪˾¥
ҵ֮һ֮صһĶ
ھ¥һͣûбܻȺĵҲһЩ־ţûʲôرĵطɢԺ󣬴Լͬȥӱߵ㣬ȥԺѾ߻˼ҡ
κûƷֵעĵطˣֵܾľⷹͰ˳ˡ
֪ˣȥɡ˵
뿪ʸдţĵر֤Ͻݾ֮С
֪˾ܷģĵд£䣬ͷ


260 
ز֪Լ˯˶, ֻԼһƬ粽еŢС
Ţʱȵл̿ڿʱú²غγģƲԼ, Ҫ뿪ƬŢ, ƣȴճж, ˫ۿ, һ
֪ȥ˶, ػʶȻһ˿ʱʱŢ֮, оһ˿ůʪ΢ǴŬϣ漴׽һϤ
һϤ, ˯֮, ƽؾ׵
һĻĻӿԺԼ, Ǹ֡
͡
ţг֡
΢ɳƣ, һ, ˵ߡ
أͽϲڶ
Ŭ˳ص˫ۡ
Ұҡģ, ͵Ӱǰҡ, գۺӰص, Ұָ, ؿͺ, ʱӿͷ
㡭ôˡ֣ḧݵϣ˯˶ã
ס֣һ˿ײĲ
˯ˣϡ
˯ôãؾȵҡôˣ
桭ҧ
һĿİͰͣŹֵӲԶŷﻹеˡʶȥֻüԼһСľݣ͵ֻ־ס۾
ȥ·
ڵϵԼǸŹֹһᣬͷ֣ؿһŻƤ˫/ڵϵꡣ
պͱϳһƬɫССӣɴһϣпɰĳֻ࣬ϧ겻ޱ߷ͷĨԺѣӻƤ¶֫ҲմŸɺԵ㡣˫ںڵԲ۵תۿڰ׷龯裬ǳУէȻ˵ҰС
ҡָָԼؿڣѵ³໰
һ֣ǰĻƤͻ
һɣڻƤؿ֮ǰһزһգ۱嵽ǰۼֿ˻ĻƤ
µƤѻƤ˼еҸ£׼ؿŶҪԴһ䡣
Ҳ֪ûУСװͷ
Ѿڴǰ˾š
ڸп»صߡַصļϣϵܻһ˲ͻ˹ᣬԱ߿һĻľ
˷׵ļһжһ·ƻǵļǺšΪ˯˽һµؽ͵һס£Ҳ˽롣
ɻظſڣ;ӹɵشĻ
֪ʲôһ࣬ģҾûס
أ
Ա¶Ķֿͣ˵ʣȻ˽룬ǡ
Ҫɱġֻ仰ʱſڣҡҵġ
ʹĻ
໰˵ֱͷҵ˵ǡɱŮˡˡҲҲɱ
ϡŹ֣µĶŮˡͿصɻ󣬲
ǻŮشһû뵽»ŮΪĵط
Ůʲô˶˷סͽüͷȻʮӶ񣬡ǲףֻҰϡǸһģˮ￪һ
˺һ˵ǡˮ
˵䡣ɵؿһĶ
໰ҽ̵ģʲôʲô˵ţļΪ
ȥ㵹ˮ˵ʱ䶼ԵǻۣӶ
һ˵زŲԼꤣ˵ͷ˵ȥõԵġ
ɡزɿ
һߣɾֻʣͶˡ
꿴а˭֪תͷʲô£
İɣûǵӡ˵
͵Ҳͷˡ߳ľݺ£ضƵĶҽء
ãȻգգ۾
ط٣ʳָָԼ˵ҵ֣򡪡顪ء
ƺˣظһ飺򡪡顪ء
ҵ֡ЦΪʲôҪƻǵļǺţ
ִסˡ
Ľѧǡ
.....
ڴָһ㻹ǵ𣿡
ǵá
ΪʲôҪ
ҡȡǡʾ֭֯ԣ϶˵˷֡˷֡ǰܺܺܺܺܺǰǡߵˡ
ǶڿԴҲ벻鼱ֱ֮˵ĸǵǸˡ֣شŲ³ˣӦһ֧סǧӵˡ
˵ĺܾúܾǰӦþˣ˴춴ͨصĴ˵
ȻǣΪʲôҪҹϮͣ
ǵҹϮ˼ػ˸˵
ΪʲôҪҹ˺ͣһ¡
Ҳ⣡ˣղ֪ΪκڲΪ죬һ̣ˡˡ롭桭ǲ֪ô¡ȥˡҲ⡭

ؿģ˵ѣⷬ˵ǡ
ǽˣǽʲôʡ
룬˵ޡˡ
ʲôˣ
ͶһĴ˽ʢŸɫĹӣֻһעˮƤҡ
˵˽ˣ㲻֪𣿡˵
ӹʲôûط㲻գӼϵݶһȦǽ˻ëˣֻӵŮʲôʱ
..
ؿŨŨɫӰݰ˵գεر˳Ĭ
Щ죬Ҳû峤Сӵûһֱü˳۵ĶһۣطŮУҪȥ峤ţ
һöմˮĺӣ͵ߡҧһڣ֭ˮӿ֭ˮͣʶŴȫסҧĵط˱˼ڣ´ɸĹ֭󣬿ڵ
ʲôʱܼ峤
֪ں˵˵ˡ֪ˡǽϡ
Ҫһ𡣡ϵ
һΪѵؿƬ̺˵ҡ취
Ҳ֪ȥ˵ʲôϣ峤Ȼټˡ
ش󲡳Ժ峤ǿ׳Ƥ׳̧
ͼ״û裬²׳Уᱧأպ۾һ·߹ڶΧ۵ĺˣɵس峤Ĵݡ


261 
Ϧ, һļĴӺһ޼ʵĻԭ֮УɫԾԡˮǰ, ӿһͰ, ׵ĶѨˮ
Ƥ׵ذѲ, Ŀⲻɱ䵽˺ĶѨϡ
һؿˣҪˮȥ
ϱˮȥ㲻ˮ, ѵ뱻ã
˭֪Щʲô㿴Ǻڲ¡, ָжˮСһĨη塣
ֲֻһˮ, ʲôһѲߵСҪһЩ, ذ, ֮ǰ̽·Ǹ, Ҳɹ𣿵ǿԳȥ, ֶˮֻҪԼԼ¶սȫˡϾˮûͻȻķɼ
һ벻ףΪʲôһҪˮȥ桪СƲֵ, ʲôرͼʲôһԸսء
ǻûϹս, Ϲս, Ͳ˵⻰ˡ곤С˵, ΪʲôҪȥ˵𣿡
˵ʲô
곤С, սѣѹԽҲ䵽ȥˡ
ʲôСһ, ԽǱ׼ҵĹЮ𣿡
Ҫ汻Ю, 춴ſڻôʿ
Խôȥģ
곤Сѹøˣû˵, ԽΧ˵Ƿ
СɫҲܾؿһۣȻСжš
ҿǻпġ곤СһֵµĶԽǱɱˡ

СҪ׷ʣԶĻԭϳһƥϵʿǴƣʾѸٹӡ
ѲߵС䲻ٵʱ䣬ƥƥѸٷֿżϵĵطɳ۶ȥһƬųĻҶƬķɳƮžţļĺ
ˮЮҶƬڳȥʨһˮصխĶѨܣ·֮ǰ
ˮҶƬײڣǿһת˲ʯϵµıʯ飬ڣռƵĵ¶Ѩγļ˳ϻŶϴµ׶״ʯͷ
ڶĺˮӿţˢţͨȿֺسһԼʮɣֱͯͨеĳڡ
߻ȻʣƬïܵߣҵȸӹ񷣬յ֮СһȺŰߵ¹ںӱˮ峺ˬĺˮﵹӳ¹ȺýݵӰֻǿ׳Ĺ¹ڲԶ硣
һƤëס׳˶Ůӽչްˮˮӿչ޺𣬱ǰȥ
ϦѾ˵ƽϣҹɫɲϦڻ谵ڲȴҡҷůٺĹâÿľⶼȼ˻ѣŮֻƤڵ̹ȻݣɢĺͯЦű㳡㶼ƳɵĹΡ
λڲļ̳磬޴Ļȼգľѵžڶ
̳ǰĴľݽ䱸ɭϣĸߴ׳Ůʯìͦؽ䱸ľУԼԼ
㣬㣬¡˵ţһ׽Ķ
Ҫȥأʡ
Ƥ磬ܹסĶãؿ
òʮŮ峤һƤϣµŴߡͬʲôûΧһİ׻ƤʵС
ɫ̹ȻԼ岢˿߳ܣͺص߲ܿ壬ʼնҵĿ
ȥȥߡؽһ͵Ļ
ˣתͷǵ˼ĸס
ߡƺŮ峤ʲô䣬ԭƽչüͷ
һӱƬ촽˵ʲô
Сͷضˣ֪ǡܣȥ
ǲǵߵˡؼæ
ûз룬ֱҡͷţߵˣ˵ٻǣ¡гԵģң̣㣬ǣԡ
ػȡʹصһѡ
ҪǺóԺúȵعǣǲҲС˵
ûߡˡ˵ת͵˼Ů峤ϲϣ˵ʲô꣬ضˣߡԵġ͸ϡ
شͷȥѹʵո˵ʲô
˵㣬áһۣˣ˵Ů˺ߡ
һҪڣľڶŮʱЩϸ΢ĩڣһ־ס˺һ߳ľݵص۾
ôˣشһһ
ͽ§һִļϣһס۾Լܵر۾һΪҪ·òˡ
޺޵ؿЩûеҲûŮ£˷׵ˣԶҧгݵǾͲܰȫ𣿡
ˣˡһ룬ԼϵƤһί
ѼԼ
ͺɸֵزؾҪߡ
ǣȥġ
æ׷ͷҲأ§ش⼸סСľȥ
治ˣһŵС
ߣôܲߣҲӦȴڲֳȥ·ϾߡطһҲˡ
͵ĻûںȻŽС
ٰų̲һƤԭֺгĻȻһ䣬Ů׷˳ì͹ɫرл˻غĻ
ҲͻľƸŪˣ˼ڵصߡֲԾ䣬һۼľǸҵĻ档
·ͻȻҲ˲ȥΪЩ׻еɬˡ
ôˡһ𾪵ؿ
Ҳ˲ȥǻƤˣ¶ʹǰȻͬɫϻ䣬Ƥͳһѷʯذס
ˡǣ㡭
غͻû仰˼ĸߴ׳Ů峤ʹӴ˳
ŭ𣬻һĿֱضˡ
ߴʣƤܣ
Ů峤һŭȣ˷˶ض˱ƽ
һֳԾ˵ʲôһڶǰЩìǰԥͣסˡŮ峤ضԶ˵ʲôҲʾشӦʲô
غ廰ˣֻɵɵؿţò׵ȵŮ峤ĶԻиϵʱؼʵʲôˣ
ˡˣߵ˵˵ǣһǣǲǣ
ҲȻˣ
Ҳ˵ǣһǣҴ£Ҳ
˵꣬ٶȳŮ峤˵ʲôŮ峤ϵı齥ɶټһմѪ˵ײײ㱨ʲôŮ峤һӣضΧ
ûͺҲûнһ
գǱѺͽ峤ĴݣһճìɷŮ˿Ѻ
ԲͨҲԲͨĺô
ͽݺյ˸طҲ¡
רṩŮ峤õĹӣҲԼһ㣬Ȼ˹һöͽһöͽԼ
ʲôݣôͻȻ˽ǣҲû˼ȥ꼾δ٣˵ͨ춴Ӧûδߵʲôطģ
ôʲôͲΪʲôҰèֶ˵Ǻһ׮ֻˮˣǲŻܡǼȻܽûǳȥֻҪܴһϾ뿪ˣ
͵Ļȼܵϣ
Ȼ춴Ψһĳ·ôЩôģǾȥòŵȵ꼾


262 
ѺغͶ˵ŮĲ, עʼշĶϣǿŵʱ⵽ǳ⣬ʱ򶼶
ԭĸ, ˿ڵͰĴߣҲ͵ߵһһ졣
սѾԿĽ׶, Ӳϱ̧ص, ⳡսռ˾ơҲ, ֻʯìľʯҲ֮һװ˼ª, ôܿߵĺᵶ
ȥ, ֻսһ֡
͸䵱ڵխ, ؿŮ峤վ峤ǰصغͼǿ׳׳Ů˵ʲôǼŮӲ֪ʲô˼úŮϵĴߴµ˵ͷ
֪ΪΣһ˿
ϦѾȫȥĴֱҹɫɣ峤ǰȼաٺĻһԾӳʯϵ̵ͼڡ
̶Ƭ̣ɱԽԽңϤ໰, һ֧ʸǰɹЩڵĴ
λ⺷Ůһܳص˫ʯӢηվڼ̨, ˻ߵָսΧŰ׻ƤŮ峤ȴټ
¡һ, 䲻Ұ޺ֺľǽص, ɴƤףʿкų˽ԭľǽ֧ŵɢӣܵģڵء
ؼ״Ϊ죬ϸһ۲죬дʿ˶ܿҪҪôõҪôõÿƷһˣһʿ
ؿƤףûб־ƷԭΪһɢɳڿȴˡ
㿴ʪƤûͺȻˮ·ģµ׿϶ˮͨ硣
˽ڽڰˣŮҲʯսض˵ŮͲȥԼʯì˻ų˳ȥ
û˿أأè߳˹ѺǵСľݡ
ߵʸͣͰػ£ƶʱȫǽǡ͸˸ƣʾԭصȴصͷӦҿ˿һش˳ȥһ޷ʿס죬ߵӣɷ˵ϻǽǡ
ʿһֵؿã°ϵĺ볤ϳһΣɽҰ˵͡
˵ǴĶģõϼʯСĺܣʵ
СͰ͵ʲôˣȺҰһ𣿡
ѹϵʯ⣡
ߵºСһ£˳ˮƮġ
ǽʲô
ҡҲ֪ʲôСͲ󣬱ôһʣЩ˳һΪˮͺӣ˭֪˶ЩҰˣ˵ĻҲףһǾɱǺüˣ˺ܴ˵ҪЩҰһɫ
ǵĽʲô֣͵ŭȡ
УС
СҪ˵֣һŹȴʮϤէȻڼ̨ǰ
Ĺӵ˾ܣǿүүͷǸ˳үүˣˣүүԭһأ
شʧɫʶȥ͡
ڱ˴˵ﶼ𾪣
ϴأôЩϺ׻ɫţ߳ڵȫٺӳ¡
δͷϵëѾ˺󾱣ײԺмֿŲʡ
һľӰµĸߴӰسţصľѾ˺࣬һ԰ȫĴӲ֪Ӻδһ߿ǽŮϡ
d
صҪվԱߵһѽ°ƫͷȥ͵ͬ𾪺ϲãԼ壬Ȼһԭء
ֻӼȥ
ţd󣬴Ƥ׵ʿʿ˸ûеֵ֮սһ浹Ƥ׾ʤβʱ򣬵洫˾ҵĶ
֪ΪΣб˶
˾䣡Ƥױţһʱع
䣬һȺʯɫȻ֡ƤŮսʿڵϣΧŰ׻ƤŮ峤ҲУŭţľһͷϣɫĶ
ಣ
ĥļ׼ȷţؿڣʯδ͸Ƥף޴ĳţһӵڵأ
ţмĿһĻƤױǶǷ׷״һԵ˵ĵ˵Уת۱йϿһŵ˼ˡ
սڴֱײ̤ţƤױҲһŲ˸߸߶𡣻ĴһһССĻµĵطңƤױҪԿĲǶԷûþ˳ҹڴﴫĻ硣
ۼƾҪʧأڽʾ֭취ͳ棬һԵѾһж͵͵è߳ǽǣһ·СǰdɵŮǰ
ŮϱdһߵڻûһƳѪͿһ£ҪԼʯìһ̣ͱͷֱѹϥ¡
ȫѹŮϵķڶԷĲҽжж˫ۡ
򴨽ڶʹͣǻ֣ͣ
͵ҹľһڻҵսϡ
磡
ʦ
ţ˵ؿdֻѾӣԥسͳ˹
һ̣ͰѵϵŮǿгὲ廰еʱжܱһ˵˼
ʯѹŮѾʵʹľϣŭ
ӵĻҪǲ֣ͣھǵĳϣ
þûڿտĴ
ס֣ûڶʹ𣿣ǣ֣ͣţվŭ
Ҳ֪ϵĶûУֻǰӳŮ峤ʲôŮ峤̽ͻɵĿɨɨȥ
գŮ峤еʣԥһᣬ廰ֶͣԥˡ
磡磡d嵽ǰŵϲ֮飬ҪֹⵥĴӾ͸˷ܵؾˡ
سʱͣսæתƵߡ¿ɲˣdأһΧֽһܱ§˹
ʣϷֺиػûӦͷ۵糸һ߿d
dֽһ㿪ţǰ˫ͭһĴȿֺӿȵϷ̨¿˴ݺݺ޵
ʦʦԭǻţĨ˵쿪ۣʦͽ˾ȻлطĻᣡ
üͷ壬еʯѹʵĲû˲
ǲǸڽô˵
˵ţҭš
Ǿͳ˵͵
ţҭһ£ˮֻۿͣκ˵
Ҿܲ麡ǣ޸¹ڣΪ


263 
¹ڣǲ, ǰĳͻȻڣ
ﲻͨرսµ̬أ
һ˼, ע⵽Զһ/ˡ
һʮŮͯδˮĴ۾ﺬһˮΪǰƤױŭ, ɵ, һÿļϣѪʪظ
Ҳͳ˹ȥ, ˫ѹסŮʧѪļͷ
ţ磬ң̧ͷ
ţ, 첽
Ե˼Լˣŵսе˳Ƶش, ݿɲ, ţнӹ˺µĲ, ذŮѪ˿ڡ
ս, Ѿᳵ·ذ˿ˡ
Ϊԭ˲֪ʱϳüͷŮ峤˵ʲôκŮ峤һ, Ĵԭػ
Χ׻ƤŮ峤˳µ, ýµ˵档, Ҳһ, ָ
һ, ǲûе⣡ط°ϵŮ, һϿҵŮ峤ͶȥֻѪҲҵˣҲǵˣΪʲôǲúһأ
͵ʯŮϵĲϣؿڳԺ̸ء
ȫעѾľӣ´ɵ˼תһԵŮ峤ߴһĻ˵󣬳ž˶ڵȴŮ峤ı̬
ǼԺͣȫڽ촽Ϲž޲Ů峤һ֮䡣
ŹŮ峤ӿ³ͳĶ̾䡣
ţǣˡ
˵ĿⶼϡһԲضŮ峤ضƬ̣һɣǰƳ
ػɵŮ˻һת
³ףװ
Ů峤һŭȣŮһֻĴָͣһ㣬ӲͣŭصһۣһȳһյתŮ峤ȥˡ
ŮϻصŮ峤ߺͿڵڸ˰ɣ
ûз룬Ů峤µ˼һ֮˴˿һۣ½еʯìľ
Ů峤̸ͬˣ
ظ˲ѣæܵ˵ߣָţ֣ѸٰǼ˵˿ڡ
ԼʱصתƵ峤ĴڣöԱһѧ໰ĲٽתŮ峤λٿĿİطʱ򣬶ĻֱӿԷıȻúö
ԵĲͨӾ˺̸Ѷȣһҹ񼫶Ƚսųȷ˻ַԼƤױ˵дĺӱߣ˫²ϵս
öԼ󣬻Ѿȫա
ƤױںӱߴʱӪأغ͸ţ˳䡣ȵʱæԱСȻţƤױҲ˲٣ԱܵĳûãʱûΣգЩ⵽̤ƤױͲֹˡ
Ϊ̸һҹδߣ֮ͣذæԱȵò׿Ϣһᣬϴ˫ԱѪľҽ֪һɫƣÿ˳ȥ
ͷգůɢеǣطţؾǰѾ·ת
ţֻҪҾһٶҲܷԽ
ȥͺţôˣߵſڣͼÿҪ߳
ʣ𣿡
ãȻҡҡͷǺһ𣿡
ʱǰڣȥͰˮ˭֪ʲôȥˡֵģǴȥ𣿡
أȥ׽ˡذοҪˮȥиС
ڲˣɡǣ֣߽ʣԱô
ţʹؽʮʺһ
ʦãȥ׼ʳˣʦҪǲ⣬Ҿһ÷ˣ
Ц˵˵ߵ£֮ء
һᣬСϼ򵥵ĳʳһ̸ʼĵĿǰľơ
ѳݵʱСֵҪһ֧Եһʱ֪͢պʦҪҪոҲӦϡʱʦڣķӶ࣬˲ε˳С飬ͬģʦҪǹǾ͹Һˡ
ʲôҪڳҲͬ¶ںҪǲСʹȥְײˣôã
ʦûǾͺáţһЦ˵ͬ󣬴󻢺ͶҲ֮ε򴨽ڶʹ֯ԽΧˣǶֵܵͨ籨ţƽµӦ˹ȥѾչ˶ʮ򣬼򴨾ԿҲʤİա
һ̶£ѳչ׳󣬹񣬾ͷչ˶ʮ
ⲻС֣ѾѹСĽڶʹ氲ڶʹ褡ߺڶʹ־ڶʹǵȡ
ڰָ֮࣬еһǳ
̽߱Ѿȥһ࣬ȴȻкܶΪǳجζʧòΪܡ
ףǹµµһӣʳڿݹ¸ߵ֮¡
ֽǰסģһգȡ
ţˮ·ļˮףˮȥѣ˵ǻԱһҧ˴ĸͷһĭɵͷһ߻˵Ƶİ취ȡ˵İ춴뿪
ǻ뿪̬ȣһΪѣƺе⣬ΪԼڣ²׷뿪
ĲоӲġţ˵ѵ浶ǹĻЩʯͷҰˣ
˵
ţһͣ
ûȻ󣬵ѱ˴Ϊسôֻϼ䵱̣װʻͱʯĴЩȻҲѱָӣǺؽԶճֵͶսнֹֻԼϵѱ˵ĿӦ
˵ճֵľʮͷϣţƤױȺǰһ
סͳ˼Ƭ̺󿪿ڣǿʳ򹤽鼮Լѱˡ
㻹Ҫѱˣشһ
ţҲǾŴ͡
˵˷ǰȫ뿪Ͳˣ;ȻҪѱļ浱Ů峤ſΪװεһ­ͷģ
ؿ˼ͣȻ𾴡
ƨ˹Ȼո˵󣬵ԳʰʫǺ޵
ëˣ
ûһܹ߳Ұ


264 
ǿ϶׸֪ȥķ, Ҳ϶װġ
ִ㣬һɳţܱ̽ɽѰҳȥĵ·һɳʹ, ÿմdڵʮ״򲻶ذݷˡ
Щڲſڰص˵һصʱ, һٴ, رȻűԼ˼ҩʹ, ǵԱȥͨŮ峤ڴصߣõȴǱľܾ
.
٣ڶܶʼÿõȷܾò뿪ʱһЩͷ⡣
յʱڲã߳ȴƽǸɷŮ, ǶղĶ
ɫӵؿһװʳ, ÿĿİͰ͵໰˵
һϲ, æȥԵd, ȻУ
˵غd, ˵ԡſʮˣ˵С
ؿ̴ӻ, ָһҩӵһȥ, Ǵβˣ
һ͡򡱵ĺ, ˵˶, ԥƬ, ˵ͷٷԡ
غdһҽڶĴ£߽˲ڡ
ǴһſΧ˵СľſڣǸͽٳֵŮҲСһؼˣŮϱͶ˳޵ߡ
ˣŮͳͳֻƤڵشһʼӶѾܹƽĿбˡ
ſƣ˵ȥ
dҲ룬ǰԥ˽ȥﻷһܺغ;ҽҲ˽ȥ
롣
ȣе
ľڳƮȥѪһɫѪɫ촽һƬɫŮڿݲݺë̵ʯϣϸһŲ֪ʲôëƤ˿죬ŮŬ˫ۡ
ϳǵе򵥰Ů
ظһ飬ŴϵŮ¶һĨˣС
æþҽǰŮȻȻʮַļˡҽͼ鿴˿ڵʱЩһǶһȰֺ壬ͷ󺹵ľҽſŮϵ˿ڡ
ƣѹҽһصؿȴأ
˿ڼˮ֮ĺ֮ڷаγ˷硣и෨ӿԣ񡭡ֻоΪˡ
ôӵĻȾҽ˵Ȳضؿڵ𣿡
ؿŴҲ̸δŮѹŬЦοİɣǵĴ뷽跨ġ
ıɰ³ĻǱ˵ɫһɣ¶ĻĸмЦݡ
ҽÿСȥŮϸõѪ⣬Ůҧأ亹ƵԹ۵ض̲סƿĿ⣬ȴһֱضžҽСȥ⡣ǣλһܻŮŮƹҲһδӡ
ŮƺѾ֪ǾŮϣҽһսսؽСŮһ̲ס͵ŮɫʱŮһվڴߣûбһʯͷ
ȥˣҽһںڵҩĨ˿֮ϣŮȻûȴȻ˴亹ҲСްʵĵ
Ůϵ˫Ŷ˶סˡ
ڣŮϵƴϣֻҪÿջҩıҪּˡ
Ůߵǰߴ׳ص˺Ů֮䣬ɫӲ˵˶̴ٵһ仰
ûз仰εḶ́Ҳķ˴ɫ԰ƣתţ˵ߡȥ
˱ͳ˲䣬˶ɫؿˣĻ޼ɵʲô
ִŵӺ;Ŀغѹ¶ģһҪ绯Թ޹سںֻǲϣٲνѪˡ
˺գضžҽǰȥΪŮҩ
ˣҲŮ־ǿңԭҽõȻĽתˡصͬʱѾܹ´ߣҲָʳˡ
ҽŮΣգҲŮתһϢ
ŮϼסŮļͷͷĶͷϵ˵ʲô廰󺰴Уſڹۿϲɫ౼档
ԥƬ̣ؿܲܡˣ
𣿡ʡ
˵ͷָͷϽֺͷһ
ǻڵʲôشߴٵȥ
˵ؽһ
ܿ죬ؾͼڴ˴ս˵ʮˡŮƣǵҪö࣬ϵҩа壬ͿԵȬˡ
һ磬žҽ治֪ʲôʱֲ֪ٵdæµţ㽫еԱҽһ顣
ϦȼգͶӳĴŴͼڵĴ䡣
ڶĴ뿪岿䣬dĪʧٴĪصߣһֱֵĽʲôȴֻٺЦشʡ
صӱߵʱӪغ󣬴̽ƵҲһػˡںӱϴ壬һˮصʡ
˵ľѲ̻¶ˡֵֽͲϲˮ飬׳СɫϻȻɣÿһ鼡ϵǡôһ߲һ߲ؿֱͺȻг֣γѣæʣ
ո˵ʲô
ĻǱѼˣͲˡûзʲô
ؽ̬Ⱥת֪ĥĥôҩŮÿᱳʹȻʲôʾûУ
ż죿̬Ѿ㲻ˡصǶƱʮ㣬⼸ദҾ˼ǺܴӵˡϴαЮֵǸŮϣߵʱ򣬻һ
شͳһ̰ɫС⣬̵һƬԲεĵ׹ϼװϣƺԷ׻
һ͵ĲϣöøԼ塣
أʣҵ·ûУ
ҡҡͷط̫ˣҲ࣬ϴλһͼǵĳ򣬺ŵܵˡҲ£ӦǸĲ䡣
.
֮ܲǢʱһҪСġصǵ
ҪСġûȥ岿ʱÿһ̶ĵһֱ߰ɣ
˵dؽյĹŹ֪֮һĵ˵
زģҵððʧʧļɻ䡣
룬˵˵ûȥ塣
ˡæ˵Լ¾Уźһģվʲô
ԣҪʲȻȥţһ̽·ȥ塣
شӦ
ڶգd;ҽ岿䣬Ϊ˻βdٴβӰĥһӪص·ҪôdʱһİŮ˺Ȼǰ
˶ԷĻؿһ˵
̫ãȥ


265 
ڶĴ, λڼ̨ǰ峤ݡ
벻ǣһţͼڵ, һҨ߳Եd
, dߵǰ, Ӻʢ۵Ӷ˹
ԡԡdɵЦ
ô־, ´dȥһ, ȿ, Ҳû˿ˡٿʯϵŮ峤ޱ飬˿ߡ
dش, ֻԴЦЦ, زԵķͽԼ
˿ɵdֿ˿ŵŮ峤ͬ¶ɻ
ûзȽڣ˶, Ů峤Ϳżɽ˵ˡ
䷭, Ů峤ǣõʲô
Ƭ, ʵʵ˵
֪뿪ķ
ԥƬ̲ŽĻȥ
⼸ദؽŽ̵໰ĻᣬҲʶѧϰ廰񲻵Ƕ໰ˮƽͻͽҲһЩճԻ
Ů峤Ļشǡҿǳȥ
̶ֻһ仰, ˵֮, Ů峤ؿ, ƺڵȴʲô
Ϊ˲¶ԼѾһЩ廰ʵ, ȶ, ֵһᣬŽ˵ʲôҪ󣿡
䱸زĿ£Ů峤Ӳ໰˵d
d֣ķ̧ۣ˿Ů峤ɫãȻ
ܣĻҲͳصĺ
Ů峤ɫƽƺԤϲס
ΪʲôУŮ峤Ļ
dҷĵܵܣҲҵļˣ㣬ѵö𣿡ֱŮ峤аѹסŭ
Ů峤궬ķ룬˳Ĭ
ΪʲôҪdλطʡ
dÿεͷԷ۵ʱ򣬶ᱻֵϣκҲˣغŮ峤֮ԾһɶͷԵı顣
ǽҡΪʲô
Ů峤Ŀdϣ֣ء
¶ųԾı飬Ļdõսʿ񣬻óϡd
УصdǰŮ峤ͶϵĿ⡣ȭͷһֻеСĸ粽õֱŮ峤£ԲС
ú
ͣͬĴ𸴡½׵Ĳǳ··Ҳܡ
Ϊѵת˼
Ů峤ûгĬ̫ãأ˵һ仰
ϵаأ
ԼûģĶͬһ˼
סˣѿڶа飿
ͬؿ״ӵd˵壬а룬ۻ࣬ԴҽΡز˼óȭԼԴ˸Źֵ˱
κĳ֢𾪲ѡ
ܡŮ峤˵󣬶ǡҽֻҽˡ
̸뽩֡
Ů峤Ը뿪ǰ´䱸d
ֻܽǰҪŮ峤ȴȱһɡdȫ⣬˿֪ΧڽУƵƵȴֲƲƲ죬ӵһ߳ȥˡ
ļĬŮ峤ٶȿڡ
ȻļˣĿһֱ
زdӳԵÿģһ°ͶճķۣسɵسЦ
һ̣صۿȻʪˣǿҵǿӿ
˵ǣȥ¶Ϊѵɫˣ
ؾô롱峤ݡ
dʣµķۣȸԾɵԣڿҨһ׷۳
ǿһЦݣ˵Ҳ԰ɡ
dķ˿ĭԥƬ̺СذӷŻӡ
ԣûȥԣСܳԡ
Сûȥ۾ͻΪڸеɬ˵
ôҪdӺףһΪѡ
ûлش⡣

ţḑа红ͯ˫ۿ
صǾ䣬벻κĲûгڡ
Щ죬Щʲô
dͷ˵ؼ˵
ƺϲ㣬ϲ𣿡
ϲdԥص˵ͷ̧ͷֽؿأǿҺʹ˵ͻҡףҵĻأ
dΪ֧֪ʱյĻæ˻⣺𣿡
룡dͣ¶ߣû˿ԥ͸˴𰸡һ˵磬Сܡһ
˵ֻһأ
dɫ˵Ϊʲôһ
ЦЦdܿ£ֿʼ˵Ҫʡķ۴ȥԶԼٲȵԡ
Ļ״ӵıһѷСһһؿڡd߾ųߣãޱȣǲμ٣Ȼһ״Ԫպӹٽٲ˵£ճɵɵ˵״ԪˣûͣΪк˵
ΪͶɵģ֪˿ҽĳɵԶǧпӣֻδ𸴣
صӪغ󣬳ȥ̽·ͻδʲôû˼﷢
̫ɽڻһ߽񣬾ͷزͬѰ̬
ʲôˣ׷һԵ¼ϣֱ
ز֪ô˵ԥƬ̣µգ峤Ӽˡ
Ǻ°ô˵£ס֣üͷôô
ͬ뿪ǡض˶٣˵Ҫ´䱸d
ƨͲȻŭdˣţ۲أ
͵Ի·֮棬̾硣
뵽Ķȥˣ˵峤dǿֻĳϣϣ塣
ʲôԭ򶼲У͵̬ȺһĴΣԶ㣬ȥˣҲһģ
峤˵ҽܹκdĳ֢˵
Ȼ룬ʱ
˺һᣬ
ô֪˵ľģ˵
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷҾûƭҡ
뷨أ
ҿóϲ˵Ըһ
ǾͲ룬˵ȥ峤˵ͬdǰκd
سһҪѵ£
˭˵ҪˣͦţֱҲ׳˵dʲôϵ
أ
ƨˣ㡣
˵̫壬ȷĿǰΨһİ취ˡ֮취ˣd͵ĵܵܣҲҪļˣʵ顣
á˼룬صͷġ


266 
ڶ, شdٴ峤ݡ
ݷãѾֲ֣Ƴһ۱תͷȥԼ¡
dǾ峤, Լһ㣬ûдȻȥǽǵľһ޷, Ҳʾų
ȡΪ, ؼ״̲ס
ţḑԵ°ͣŲæָָʯϵŮ峤˵Գ, ԡ˵ġ
Ů峤ȷΪûκ飬Ĭо
ǣˣɵؿűԤи峤ݵء
ˡ˵Ȼ᲻Ƿλᣬ߼¶һӡҲһ˽ǿǰܹκĳ֢
ĲתŮ峤
Ů峤ԭʯ, һֻʵ𣬴ʯ֣ǲһ, ԹԵشĥеһСС
ķ, ̧˹ž޲۾ǿ
¬ᡣһ˵ţһ߷ŵȣվ棬
æ˵, һŮ峤ĽŲ
һԷ۳ԵԵd, Ŭ׷ϴǵŮ峤
һ߳峤, Ů峤Ĵһֱṳ̂峤ݺ󷽶ȥһ·ľԽϡ, ֱֻʣϡŹֵʯ˵ڴϣľͷбڵϣ˵һͷϲɺԵѪҺһſŷƵ­ͷ˫նۿע£ϻǿװ򶨣ȴµ亹
dЩ­ͷԿºͲϵͷţͷûʲôЩ­ͷעӣܰķ۹޾ʡʣһҲеġ
ضԸ尾һ·һ⻬ʯǰˡʯڱï֣ܵɽֱָգȴݲͺͺʯһ鱻йĶһĶͻأسɵʯ롣
ϤĻɫӶƮɢ𾪵ط֣ģ̬̾춴һ
Ů峤ھʯڻһξĵطͣʳָʹĴָһĿڡ
κ󣬳صע£ʧˡ
һٱĲݴӶ
Ů峤һŲݣؼȥǶʣغdǿȥ̫ɿĲΪѣdһѿڶľаٵ˼ϡ
۱㣬ȡѷ۹ȥ˵
ʶհ죬˫ץסڵ·
ҪһԼ
˵꣬dѾץסݿٵȥ
ز˵ģĺȫйd·ϡ
d¾βݣ϶ں󣬶ڵԼŮ峤Ѿһ߽ʯϹŻĶڣ¶һſڵȴ
ŵ˿ԼԼһɲҩ㣬²ǶӦĽⶾòɽѷܹ˳ͨС
ڶĴ£غd߻谵Ķڡ
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ڣһʯſڼŮ峤һصվԣŴƵϴƷɫ˵ҽǣβ
dΡΡһж죬ڿտɽ첻ϡ
Ͱ͵֣ͣdǰİաػعædߴצһܹŵͷϡ
һߵӣһһһdԣϢؿжҲҳһΡ
κͣdͷһָĦͬʱ
͵ҽ˵а֣
dƫƫͷҪָӳ˵ʲôҡ˵ˡˡ
ֻһ⣺ҽ𣿡
̸䣬תͷŵص˵ͷҽ˵аѪΡ
ôΣ׷ʣûΣգ
ȴ˵ȻֻǷؽ͡аѪͺˡû취ֻҽҽһء
ҽҪ£dʯʯȥһᣬٻʱһֻ˶ʪ档ǳ泤ʮ֣شǰδͷԲεĴ죬ֻ첻ϿϣԱߵĲ֪ҩ
ʱβֿͣһȴǿ̶վԭأüͷ㲻ܡ
ߵʯǰǵĿغɨһ£ɳƵ˵ʲô
ҽ˵аѪ͵
᲻Σգؿݿµ棬Խ
ᣬġʮš
һְǿdͷ¶ոշĦ̺ۣսȥdȻ
֣ϵҲ䵽˵ϡdʯʲô㣡
𶯣ǸβĴ򡭡æַdϣ
ûd˵óҧң
ǳΡض˶٣˵ѵһ𣿡
d⻰ɶɵҧһڣһ
ܡ𣿡
жdı΢ı仯
ǰһ
ǰңd¶ɻ
ǰĵȴ绹Ҫػż¶ĻƴճһȻͬd󣬻ޱȣҲıԸأӲţ˶ãԶ˶㲻ãһЦ¸ңǵһվСĵܵá
˵˵ţк⣬ˮЦ
㻹Զ롭뿼״ԪƾһܹԸ㿼״Ԫϴ󽫾½磬ӭȢС
d֪Ϊμһ˦ŭŭأҲ
һ㶣ǰδеģסˡ
ҲҲdʯƿҪ˻ع֮ǰݺһŲȱ˶ĳӡ
ʺŰ̵ճҺdĽĲҽУ˵Ϊ⽴ǰϡ
Ů峤üdһԾ޴룬dվţŭĿֱӴסأǷŭ˵ġ
ãȻֲ֪Լ˵ʲô
d̽ǰһdһ
Ҳ
һתͷҲصسʯҡ

ش׷˳ȥսǺʧȥ˿񱼵Ӱ
ûһ׷ס׷أ˵Сģ·ж
dأ˵
ңһ˵ң㲻ģ
һ𣡡˵
̬ȼֻܴӦ


267 
ɽڵϹ, ֻÿʮеһ档
˸ĻڰԾȾøӹĪ⡣
غͶ·ѰҲӰd;ǰʯ, زһۡ
谵Ĺڽϵ⽴ռһŮ峤üͷվһԣһ˵ӰʯϵúܳһͶӰ˰͹ƽʯϡ
ض·Ů峤ͶϲŭĿ, ཻ, ˻ȥ
дʵɭԵøӿ, ظϽӿ첽, ߹ʯҡ
ǰ, Сġתͷ, ĵѵ, г, ҧ, ¡
ĵֹǰ, 뵽dһȥǰֻܼŶǰߡ
һ, Ȳһʯ, ŵûˮ, ʯ߶Ы, ǰdȱ档ӵıԵŵ׶һİɫ̦޺, Щ̦޺ܶԶ֮, ڿӵ׻, شǰĸOO@@Կӵס
һԵȳζӿӵ״еʱԼɼӵ׵İ׹ǡëȻջǰգҲƵسʯš
ұɽССʯңȻûзdӰ
صĲѣɽⲻԶѲߵĲ̸˼Ҵܿһ㲻ʱ˻㱨ջ
ˣdȥˡˣڼˡطŴϢ
ֻܼϣںӱߵʱӪأϣԼȥʱdѾڻ﷿͵ˡ
Լ峤Ǹ󣬼ææصӱߵʱӪء
ԸΥڴ龪һõȴdδϢ
dһȥģֻһ˻dã꺢ֻ֪֣ͯչԼɽҰʧ٣ͽ
ؾĵĥгüû͵׼ȴһãϲɫ˽
ϣҸһá
ͻû˵꣬ؾ̲סᡣ
͵ĺ仰Ȼֹɴ۾ΪʲôίҪγȥƴ
æסʵ
ҵ֪ȥĶˡ
ŵһ飬ô
ؽʯ﷢Ÿһ飬ϣ͸ԭ򣬵Ҳһͷˮ
ҪҲ˵Щͺˡ
ⲻ£СƢˣҵ˺ͺˡͰ§ڻָӺ󣬷οôˣϻҲһ㻹ʲô⣿ñ˷ˣ
ܲһ˴桭
ģ˵Թʳû
Ļ˼Զҡҡͷ
Ե㶫һȥˣòãͺȻ·εֻܰ
ȰĬĬʣᣬСݸζͬسԼһɺͲࡣ
Ҳ˵㻰궫󣬽Сǣһƥֵ˼ʮͬУӪء
ѲСӳӪغͽּ·Ѱdټֻǰرסǵˣ򲻵ѣҪͻ
ӦɢС
ʹߵжȥ
ؿĻûʲôҡθУʱһϲɫʵ
ǰ˵ҪʲôϢ
Ȧ壬һѰܱߵķ紵ݶһ߻ش⣺ǽڶߵһٲһ˰صɽƲ⣬ɽһߵĳͷ˵춴
ɽһˣֻҪŵǣǾܴ춴뿪˵
ǣѨ￿̫Ҳж
ǸƨۼһֱϵʲôðŽҶͣѨȷ硪ֻҪˣûͨжĽҩ𣿡
ˣػЩ
ʲôʱ֣
ҽõǾߡ˵¶ֵǽжˡģСƤˣרӣ
һҵ˺ȱ𷢻𡣡æһԭ
һߺd֣һĿѰټ
һųߵĴӣĶҪסס
Űʱۼһɺd½ǡ
æָͣdķе
dɺ¶һֻ۾Сһۣزթķټdԥתܡ
ܣһ׷ȥ
һᣬֻŵĿȵdôͣҲҲŭ
ܣǲˣŭȵ
d͵ͣ£Ĳ鲻Ըصŵ档
Ȼزϵ档תdȥdҲžغˡ֮ľ벢ûС
㷢ʲô裿ҽ㱣ɩӣԼŤͷˣһ֮һ˭ʲô£ӣ˵
dŤشͷ˵żŵϵ飬ϳһ͵
˵ŭ
زֱۣȰҪŭ
˵ʲôңdڿˣί̧ͷ
˭ʡ
d˫һӲ˵ǣ
dĻشسһ
ǣһͣ˵Ϊ˵Ļ𣿡
dˣίصһۣо⡣
ſǻ˵
㾿ôˣ̲סǰһ˵ʲô𣿡
ңdĵغ˳Ŵŵųۿ
Ǵûû㣡˵
ңǣd޵Ǻһұ
û㱿ؼæ񶨡
dȴȥĻ
ұǣ˵ûвƫƫҪҩңұ
˭㱿ˣٸԼϷ˵дˣûᣬʲô˵ģ
ҲdӨĵǵǲңҲɱˣ
غǲң
һ֮ǰʯﱩŭԵɣΪ˵ǰһ
dȴΪǰǸ
ǼٵǱƭˣd˵ҲǶƭˡ
ûд뿼״Ԫ뵽ʲôʲôֻʹСԶһֻÿ춼дԡͼٵһ
ûʹĻ
ҶҶdøͣĿűӺһ˳
Ҷ˵ٵˣͻʧˡ
һҲŴԭء
롭ʧ
ͷˮߵһ
Ǳݣˮϰһһ飬Ŀ˾˱ʹؿһʹԺ
һ˫ȲաĬd۵ӿűʹ

һڱˡ
ֻκdشǰǸdûdԸԸشǰԼ
ʣԸüǰδǸأȡյء
οǽı뿼״ԪdȡֻƽգˮԾһյd
̫ˣΪǵdûʹԸ
ΪԼҽd
Ҳɱd
ڵdشǰdǷǰdڵd
һʼʶľǰdǸıصdֻͿСҪѡ
ѵǣͬʱʶd͡
ѵǣעҪо֮dͬd֮͡
ڱ˵ӣز²𰸡


268 
֪, нïܵϷ̶롣
dĿҲɳתΪҭʱʪɫȰĴҲմۡ
غ, һô¡
һʯͷ, ˫Ȳ, ִϥ, һؿľdôĬؿһҹ͸ڵķ϶Ѫ˿
һԵͬһû˯, ǣ͵֣ýյĬĬ
ŽõĳӶ, صĽڱˡ
ſ˿, ɳƵˣ
dûע⵽һ顣

ḑ׵һĴ, ˵ͷ
˵, ǲ, ±Ȼ㣬㻹ԸһӶ
Ųңdſǻ
ô᲻㣿˵, 㻹ǰм, ôͲأ
һ, һҰѴļŵ, Ǵѵ
£Һ, һʼͲͬһˣ
ŭɫdȻ粽á
ҺͼٵҲͬһˣÿŶ, Ϊʲôô򵥵鶼ⲻ, 뿼״Ԫ, ҲСҲֻɩӣܻСϲ˯ңϲˮңϲңϲңϲӱҡϲܶܶ࣬ϲģҡ
dֲڵĴֲ۾飬ʵ
ϲСġҡ
dίʹɳƿڿտоþûصš
ΪѵؿͣһĬ˺һᣬڴӴʯͷ
߳ͣתͷԭʴӵdûԼˣ
ˣҭҭʡ
ˣ˵Լѡ·ԺǺˣҲҪ꣡
d־ϲŴӵ˵
һꡭ
⸱̿ģغЦˣߵǰ󱳲ϵ߰ɣһؼҡ
dЦˣصص˵ͷãһؼǣһԴ棡
һų˳ȥdٺЦһƨƨߵؼ
ͯÿȥҲ졣dΪܳԵµˣδɣոյĺ;·𶼱׵Ժ
ӣƺҲûʲôá
Զ棬ԶɾԶ³ޣԶЩɼԲԡ
ؿǰdͻЦļdһۣͷ͵ǰЦͷ
ˣdغٺЦ
ʶģϲģ֮Ϊ˵ģǰΪһĵdǸ־״Ԫǿd
ԽԽܹǰdΪǰǸd۶ԻǶdԣİġ
Ǹdd£֮Ȼ
ˣ˵ͬһ
֮һ·û˵γ֢¡
˺Χŷϣغ͹һdҲõȳһƥ˶һ˼䣬תͷӪص෴򼲳۶ʮƥѵѵѸٸϡ
ȥĶʡ
һǣȥ˾֪ˡ
һ⣬緢糯ҫۣҹǷϾµ¶ˮչһɹʧ١һֱʲôۺĥѸһ¶ģͲհǰ˺Ѷϡ
ҰǳϨ𣬲׹䡣
ˣ󶼻Ҫһ
ҰȼչĻҽҲ沨޸Ƽ
ʮƥһ·ɳۣûãؾͼɵľĺ𣬲tϵٴУŹһ˴к
ĵطͣ˿
һᣬĵŷճìŮ峤żʮ׳˳
ͺȺŮ峤˳ȥ
ڻʮĵط˫Լͬͣ˽ŲŮ峤еĳì侲
ǣʲôվ˳һɻ󣬡ҵˣˣ
һССĸı䣬˵ǵĽҪ̸ˡ

ʱʱĻ̸ؾʹˡĹߴ͸ɲݺ֦ҡڼªµϡ
˶ϯߣһ֣ͷͲɵȸͱмװƤľҺƿ󣬾ڲúü˶̲ס⶯ǿס
ȶĶɴ۾Ű׻ԲðϸϸİͷϥϵֲԾض˶ҪȥãԱ߲ɫŮ峤ĬĬסˡ
ʾСһ̸ϯϣһͷҧȥһߴ׽һԴؿһ۴δЩʳˣ˵԰ɣÿʳǻкܶࡣ
¿ˮ˴˼Ů峤һλ˶˼¡
վ˦ȰĴŷɱش䡣
ϥһԵͣͬķʽͻδ
ܿ죬ߵ˻
ĵٴδ򿪣ǰߵˣǻﱧţţÿ˶Ķ
ЩܵѸúϵıӡ֪ɡ񵰡ľʢʹ֭мĲϯ֮ḻڲϯϵɫĻ䣬ۻҡ
Ů峤⿴̶̵ͣ˵һ䡣
ԣ
ȵʱǸ֪ΪһɹֱΣҧһΣҧһͷһóѵȻ˵İɣҾԲ峤˵Ӫֵǳ
Сǰó֪ںδغ˻ع֮ǰһϯϷʢʳϴһա
֮֮Ѹ٣˻Ρ
СŹĹҵ߳󣬲ϯֻʣָʳ˴䳡ķʢʳﶼӪʳ
ֹǲֱ̫ˡ
ڻɣóͷľٶΪש񡣵˲֪նΪնƨ˵ļƣõʳ䳡棬˷۱
ĿɿڴʱͰԼҧͷӸ
ʶסɵɵؿ͡
˵Գˣû
˿Ů峤ɫСҧһھʵĴͷһ£Ȼһɵؿ͡
¡˵
˶Ŷֽһᡣ
Ȼһ٣ϲؿ͡
ǲζˣͶԴָơ
ͷתͷױƵؽͷݸŮ峤üɫ˵ʲô
Ů峤ССҧһڣ׽Ƭ̺˵ͷͳʣͷ֮дͷԽԽСյݵˣµͷмøɸɾ
ó԰ɣ˵ҿԽôͷҪСҲôͷôСֻҪѧɽ඼Ҳӡ
͵Ļ˳̶Ȳһ¶⶯飬һֱž޲Ů峤ҲЩ΢
Ҳߴ٣ˮҴںһڡ
ľҺĺؿĺ·Ũҵľڲ¡ü˶¶ֹı顣
һˮľҺȥˬغһھ
֭úȣоƺú𣿡ѶϵˮӸ
ȲغһڣһʼĽüͷüչɫϲֳ
˵С󲻽ӣƺȣƵķҲԽ̸ǡ
Ů峤´ӶõˮңƬ̺󣬳˵һ䡣
˵ʣʲôҪ
Ҫѱķ


269 
һؽ͵Ļ, ˶¶ŭı顣
κŮ峤˶̴ٶͳĴ𰸡
ܡŮ峤Ļشת
ʲôҪᡣ˵
ܡĻ֡
ִŵӵûв, ˵Ҫ, ӿŴӦ
¶ı飬Ȼûȫ, ͵ļֻˡ͵˼תŮ峤Ů峤ü΢, ˵һ䲻һĶ
㲻룬βˣָָָһͷԵ𾢵d
롣͸ɴ˵, Ҫ
ܵ, ˣԾ
ܡͺԥֱ׳, 
ض, ͻ̧ͷͦأƨ֮ǿ, ɼһߡ
, ӦҪˣûз͵Ļ, ֱӸ˻ش
ҲС˵
۾һûü, ͰʳָĴָŽһ
ƥԶ, Ųɱ־ŭŲ, һʱ, γڲ˷
ضһ, ŵؿԵ͡ȴڶ䱸ͳŭ°յˮҺһڡ
һȺ˲ϵûһţɫŵˡ
ˣŮ峤ɫȥ
ıŮ峤ǰߴﹾ˵ʲô˶ɫŵһŨҵĲҩ濾󷢳ζȻǴʲôطץˡ
룬ʲôŮ峤öʡ
ЦˣȻԵõذһţ̬ɣг
ܼ򵥣κ㣬Ҳκ㣬㣬κβҡ˵ףȼ۽ҪǲԸǾˡѾҵȥķҲòˣȫֲֻ֪ѱķǱҰȺˣĶ˵ҲֻҪ֪ҳȥһģͲ˵ˡ
˵һıһʼãȻһ仰͵һѿڶ
Ҫ߱ˣǵĵط
ӵŮˣҳ飬ĲὫǵ͸¶һһ磬ǡµĽʿͲôˡͳ̾һһźĻܺܺõ嵽ǣǶؿƿ
вҪв¾ûвˡֻ͵вһɫܺıܣ˰ŵװס
͵Ϊڶ˿Ӧú޳ܡ
Ϊҹ鷿ĿȾȴһֶɫӵؿͣ״δϿһ־Ʒʡ
ʱ鷿ˣ̫ڸϥͷ·̫ӿĵ
ʩ
谰Ϊ֮
㣬ʱף
ԥԥؽ͵ĻŮ峤
ɫһη壬¶ŭܹµŮ峤ԵλŮϳཻߡ
شŮնɫϸܵһ˿ͬʱһСӽһ߽һĵȰǣʲô⡣˵ˣҲκǣǡκβҡ
Ļ֮Ů峤Ҫڣ뻮һһҡţͳĺԶ̧һţΪ׵ѹѹƤױĿںţһһţƺƴŲǰ
˳ױɫһʯֵͲϣεŮŭĿԲɣɷص͡
ؼôӲϯȴ治ɫǷһЦ
˵ˡ
ͶȻԷ۵糸һٶȣ˷Ӧ֮ǰһŮϡ
ڲ
Ůϱֱۣһر͹ڵϡͽõ־ѹ
緢Цٴγϡ
κβҡ˵
ѻȸ
ҲڲⲻԶͣ˽Ų
Ԯ֮䣬ɽȵķ絽Ҳֹͣˡ
ٸһν׵Ļᡣ̧ͷηĿɨڵÿһףżᶨڲǸһʵֹӮ
ҿԲҪѱǽͷѵصĴɣΪ꣬Ҿͽ˺ʹһ𻹸ǡҲǰŵСӺֲƼڣһ͹ҽͽ켼Ǵɽףһҵͷ֤ľλúͳ뷽Һҵˣ͸¶һ֡
˺ܴ󹦷Ű͵Ļ߰˰˵شŮ峤Ŀתؿͣ˼Ļмֿš
ǰҪѱ󷽷ʨӴ󿪿ڣҪºͶˡ˿ȥ۷׷ףûôִˡ
õļĬŮ峤һɣ˵һ仰
˵˵ǡ
㿼ǵ쳤ؾãɡͳʤ׷һ涨ʱޣպҾҪҵ뿪պȻûиĴ𸴣δôչǾֻϣǵܹһҲ˵˰ɡ
Ů峤궬ķ󣬳Ĭؿһۣ߳˲ĵŶȥ
ʣµ½½ĽŲ
ͽס˵пûУ
ʲôʲô£һãȻ
۸˽˵¡
ͽ񣬶ﱾֻѾȥˡ¡
°һ첲˸˻Ĳӣѹſë׵ԴֵҲû£û¾ˡߣһӪغһ
ҡ
Чǿйض͵ðʧٶͻû뵽Ů峤ֻǻͷңңһ̶ۣƬ̺Ťͷǰȥ
ݳݳţνţʵڲͷˣһĵƨϣˣֲôеôѵǸм𣿣
ٻûѧף˵ţİٻˡ
Ҳ׽мʲô˼Ϊ˺ӱӪغ󣬻б͹Ų˵Ǹ㤵鷢
׼һþƺòˡţˮʳҲ࣬׼һʵסûȥ峤дһ˵ϻֻǿ䵱彻ƴʹ꣬û㶮Ϊʲô
ȥҪش£ҡҡλΣ˵Ҳ
ߣ桢桢ôã٩ɽó񣬡⡢С˵𡭡
Ͷ䷢ģƭʲôǹ˵飬д֣ûģҪ˵Կ
桢á˵¶۵ı飬ҡҲ롭
Ҳ뿴ꡣ
Ӧ
򵥰ͰֹϣԼһǺĳĹȴżթ㡪ǣһȥ߲ͺˣ
Ȼˣ仰ȴˡ𾪵ġĿɿڴؿ͡
ע˵ġ˵
ô˵
㿴Ѽ˵ָͬĿɿڴؿʼָ𣬡ţ
ָٺЦŵţ
ǵ񡪡
ָɷd

أ
һȸ´ٽʶ˵ţʳָָһһ˾ˡ
˵ѵּ𣿡ͷʶ
סˡ
ϣ̹ȻţҪ㹻˽Ϊʲôˣܺ˵Ļ
ҡҡ֪ŵ
ؿڣ
֪ˡ¶ô˵ˣ£պټ


270 
պ, ͺŮ峤ٴ̸ϡ
Σ𣿡Ŷȣɵ˵, Ǻ̸, Ǻһ̸
Ů峤˵ʲô̸ԡ, ԡ, ҲУҪ󡣡
˵һ֮Уյض˶ż, һƦåģ, һԵزɫס
Աüһۣڨڨط˴ͥ¹ڵȡ
Ů峤˵ʲô¶Ծı飬Ƭ̺, ԥԥضͷ˳
˵ǰæˡ
СҲػؾ, ֮, ҲܡҪҹҲԣ, Ұ˴ſ
ԡŮ峤Ļֻ, ꡣ
ҲԡͶȻ, ռӱˡ
Ů峤, ŷĻŮ峤ͣͺõͬӣκŮ峤ڵ
͡
غһͬɴ˫ۡ
׼ĵȷȷ໰
бҵɡŮ峤
Ů峤˵໰ȶ˵ñ׼
ľؿŮ峤
ɫһ䣬ɵĿ⽫Ů峤ɨһ飺ô˵ǵĻ
һˣҺܶࡣŮ峤˵
ؾؿ͡
һӾ뵽˺һ׹µǽʿ
ǻţԿеļ
գѺյĹѰЩͬһ׹µʿÿζ޹ֻţԼΨһǸ׹ˡ
ںȻ֪ǿܻŵϢôܲ
ˣŮ峤˵жʮʣµģ˵Ĳ
㲻˵ͲȻŭӵ˻ȻҰһ򴩣
֮ǰãڣ㣬ԡŮ峤˵ֻҪǣˡ
㲻˵ҲҪȻҵĵ֣˵
ϻ﹥˵ôٶˡڷ֮ǰҪ黹ʮʿԭΪһ̣û뵽Ů峤ˬشӦ͵Ҫ
һᣬʮȻƤȻģӱ˹
һͺصˣһʼ̹ȻΪڵ
ˣҲǵһ춪ˣǹңû֮ǰڴʱôϵң
һίǲϵǿţûлͨ籨Ű
һᣬֻܻʮ˸ϽغӱӪػ·
гŵˡŮ峤˵
ӻڿ㲻ɣͲͷĶǵ˵һ˵
̸бϾ顣
ذ֪˵հ˵״̬壬û뵽Ҫ¾Լߵˣ;Ѿӣ
ˡճ֮ǰ˴ӱߣǻ֮һ
Ҫô򣿡Ů峤ʡ
֪ˡͰڰڵڳ֮ǰ²κ֪ñ©
áŮ峤˵ͷ
³ʱԴظǰͶԶüŪۣʾ⡰ܣһҵɡŮ峤ע⵽͵񣬶࿴˶һۣŵúĶӡ
غһصӱӪأͽǶʮ»Ƥ׵ʿһ˳ʱ㶨˵ڶյĹƻ
Щģǰȴֵø赭д֪ôֻΪ˼ĵġ
Ͱ˯ҹ˾ʱźӻϺİ˰뿪˺ӱӪء
˯ѺѾʤ顣Ȼթ䣬ʯìľеùƤףټϤսˣʤȷԤƵһ׾١
ûŰɱ²ĴͳȷŮ峤Ҳ˵ĴͱصӪء
ʱѾϴһ裬˸ɾѡ
̫ȫʱӪأ͵˵Ĵ£ͨ춴ſڡ
ٺŮ峤Ҳڣ˿԰ȻȹĽҩӡԼͷֵ׳ĴҲĶ顣
ͺͶ˺üɫҲдֱӴߵģǰһֱ۲һһŮ峤ֻεذ˻ġ
ˡղ峤ĶӣԺ峤ӡ
Ҫһר
źҡҡͷǣ˶С
Ƥ׵Ӷ߽߻谵춴վŮ峤ߵĶ¶ۣ񡣵عĸһԲؿԼ
ĸĸԼҪ뿪˼ʮֲõģͷ¶ɫ
һǣĸײû˷ŭ뷨
ȥȥŮ峤һƽȥûسŵȥʲôӣȥ˹øõĶ
㶹֮󣬴ϲص˵ͷ
ã
Ŷ˦Ŵţһ춴Ů峤峺ϴ˿תŴķ˻ȥ
½½ĽŲ
춴»ָ˶Ƶƽ

춴ڣֻĽŲˮżһűˮ䵽ܻἤ͵һ¡ͷڶǰͷ·ڰвʱֺĿ
Ȼһ󼱴ٵĽŲŽŵĶֱ۴Ӻ˹Ųȵˮ
ҡһ𣡿ż󺰵
ƭ뵽ѱʦ͵Ȼ֮ã붬˵Ĵϡ
˵˵̵̲İʱխһˮµ˵ҰȻʣͷչ˾һ
߳ںŶϤľɫЩᣡ
ڻˣ
˦űӣһߺشէһ͹ûʲôɽ֣һŵ໰ʣǣȥ
ؿ͡
ʱزȥˣҪؽˣţͷϵͺڽеˣÿ͢ɫ
ͳĬãɫ/ֹ񼸶䵽ϡ
ԼԼΪѵʲô
û˵ʲôֻ̾˿뿪˵ɡ
ϣʱһӪš
ر˫ۣȴþò˯˼ӡʴͱŭòԺｻ渡֣ʱǸϥͷĴȸʱǸԶԣһϸ
ǴĹӦ÷ֵ⸴ص·ǣҲҪΪĴ̳һ·
Ӧá
ˡ
ɻѷĴ࣬о
йϢǿסĺͷ
Եͬû̫ˣһ¾Ͳ³ͬڳ˼ߡ
ѹס˼Ĭ
ôأ
Ƭ̣ͷ˸壬ľ
룬ͷѾûˣҪȥӲ
ףҲ֪ס
֮ȴѾûǿӵĵط
ȴŬǡ
ҪɽˮзˮкҶѩĵط
á
ҪкóԵĵط
á
ҪпԷۺϣҰĵط
á
ҪпԵǸԶĵط
á
ҪǣҪƨֽĵط
ġ˵Ҫʲô͵͵
ΪЦתͣգúЦۿ˵
Ǿʹһػʹɡ
סˡ
ɽˮлԷҲԵǸߣŷ´֯ĲֽغЦţһؼҰɡ
ͺһû˵ص˫ۣɫǰδеࡣ
֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
֪
ס֡һķޣǱκ˶Ҫ˽˴ˡ֪ĲܲûȥһɽҰҲ֪Ʒ²еλȥڶա
ѹѵҪƬˮһӵͷڹꣿ
ͳĬԡ
˵ģ¡
ǲ㣬һʱѵһ
һ죬ѿسı֮١
֮ʱ
һһ٣

ࡣ

...


271 
ص, ·;󱻸߲Уţؽ, Աʱ֮裻ʹؼdǰݣȡݰ׼ҵ׽֧֣Ҳһ⣬ȥС⩵Сƴ, ȴűʱ
ӷֿ·պ, صڵڽ;ĵһϷء
ϷʮͣפʱӪأ;δ׽, ϵ̼ҲϢ, ϴdǺһ, һûĶҲһǡ
dΪ޷װ磬һڻؾ
ŵdóԵĻ, ֹסdƢdغһֱ½, 汦һ, ӿͿʼͣĶ, һüٵ·һ, ɽرиĺϷʡ
ۡ
롭

һ·ûϹĶһţһ, һ, γ˲ǰذס
ݳţϺؿ, ·Ҳͣ½Ų, һȵؿٴеĶ
ڶҡҡͷʳָָָ̫ѨѿǵС˽
Ϻܱע⵽һĻΧȺڷ׷¶ȻͬĿ⣬һ޻£ţǰȺҲɢȥˡ
ɻֲؿֱͣӰذĻǰ
Ҽһһէ»ŵһؼҡ
㶬һ֪⣬ûɫıҲܲ³ߡæذ²ػ½£͸ȥ
˼жȥ
ͺ̸̼üǮȥһ˵̣ﻻǵһЩƷ
ƹؽӴǣǴƷȤ
Ǹ˺ʱ򰡣ûôõļ۸񡣽ֻȥ˰꣬۸Ѿ귭˼Ӧ󣡡
غһ䣺Ϊʲô۸ǣ
ΪֽĲ֪¸ˣ׼Ӳи߹ų͢ĴٹҲ׷Ч¡˭ļûΣϯǿǶˣƹ˵ţеˮʯŴ󾵣ֺõЦƷĳɫ֪õɫȲϡ
͵ֳڹ̨ϣ¶Ʀɫüʵľͱʣˬһ㣬´ΡȻ»ֲ㣬װɣ
СƹЦ
ͺ͵ƹ۸ּۻʱһԽ̶ϰٱϵƷ
ķıʡīֽ⡭ԣڱͨ˵
ǣҥˣ¡˵
ڿഫײ󣬵дֽϾͿһֲر漸ʮꡣЧֹһЩʧŽ
šôʡ
ǲ䣬һȥ˺ԶĵطһҪϵҪǺã
һãȻϵϡû취
ЦҪֽʣͿ԰˵Ļдֽϣ˻˵Ǹˡ
áһ۵ظп
벻ѧǵ֣
Ծؿأңԣ
㵱ȻԡЦ˵ֻҪԸѧҾԸ̡Ըѧ𣿡
ص˵ͷԸ⣬Ը⣡
һᣬͰһƱ˻˺͵ƹĽס
һּۻۣ˵ϰмʮʯҶ⣬Թ۵ĶĿɿڴȳ𾪵ؿѰķıֽݸԼ
뿪̺ڻȥ·Сԣţٴ;ʱѲٹȷ˸оԼǺ«ӵʱſһͷЬĺӡ
˶ʣ˾֮󣬵ڶ컹δӾٴݳȥ
ĿǰĽų̣ʮպ˾ִܵݡ·ʱý̶˵໰Ͷдʱ䣬Ѱ
ֱƵҶӰƮزŻȻ֪ȵѾȥˡ
ɱ¶˶ߡ
һʱƮƮĽɫƮ䣬һھǰĵ·ϡ
ţţڼصһ̣ǿҵ紵ңԶĲ񷡣
ݳڣǻƽ
Ӳӵĺӵ̣ڰѩĻϷ
ȫ۸Խߡ޵й¥էһǽ׵Ĵѩݶֱճ֮Ϊѩӽݻһµ۾סݻй
µԭ˵硣˵µԽ׹¶˹ȣ˵ԽΣµ򲡰ճҲ没ɾһ˽йƼȺòˡҪ没ˣܹ͸裬
µ򲡰ճŽգԶڽݳһĸҲŽգҪ֪µÿתԼӵһһŵӣÿȻֻ޹
ݵĹȦﶼ˵µһʧãʧڲˣӼ飬ͬж֮Խ֪˼ĸͬһԵ
ݳڵҲ̸ͬһˣֻǵ̸۾ͲΪ˵Ҳˣǵˡ¾Ҫͬ跿˽Ķһʱʱʧϼˡ
УӿڿƽĽݳڻԻͲõĵƻ££âйϣµһŭͺǳ¡
еģĸ
µ۰ճ²ûͽ鷿ˮ˶Ȼڳǽȴ䱸ɭϣĸ
ЩȫصСɽضѻһӰҡҷ紵СԺϡ
һöƵƮյĴʮϣīȾ˽ơ
һɫӰһӲӣ޲ؿʹһ죬ȨĻ
һԣƳϵļۣϢ񲻸ҳһڴ
ڶʹƺʮˣڡ
æعӣȷˡٹ꣬ǲڶʹʮ١
־ǧ˵ǰŽݣʼʶ㣬ʢҲһƬĸлˡܰɡ
һæͷӦǡ
²ڶʹʵӣűͷλãʹ۽¶һĨ¶Ͳ˥롣
꼾Ҫˡ̧ϴĴ⣬૵
֪⣬ϵ
ӷģѾˣֻ꼾٣ɢǾͻᴩԽ춴ѰԽź
Խ
׹
һ亹ͷøͣʧԣˡȷѰԽټ
㽫ĿͶ԰׵ֱ֮һǰָֻˣһɫĴ˰̴Ŀĵԭֱһٽлİܽؿİѩ֮ϡ
𣿡ʡ
δ뿪
һƬ̣촽﷢ա
سȥˣûһᣬķϱ˲˽
߽ڼ󣬲Ůȥˡ鷿ֻʣͷ϶ˡ
ûпڣҲûǰ
ǷϰԽ֮һϡ
㰲ϣעվ棬˳вķϡ
õļ尾󣬷ϴ˼Ĭ
֪㲻ҡ˵һ󡭡
㲻˵
ԥƬ̣Ȼ˫һ䣬Ÿȥ
˫ϥײӲ죬ڼž鷿
һ
ǰģûа쵽ƭңҲƭ㣬ֻһ¡Ҳκ£ֻһ¡㿴ĸһķϣӦһ¡
˵꣬ؿŸķ
ĸ󣬶岻ݴǡ˵
һϲҪ˵󣬸㽫һͳϡ
ƬˮĹ
ڳ˫ϲŭѲ⡣
Źǰķϣ
ֻҪĸ׸ҡ
ΪԽлһһģһ塣


272 
Ԥϵдһʡ
ڲ, Ҳʡ
ڣÿһԼ˭Щ׾ӵĻ, ƭ˱, ƭԼµĺӡ
ʮʱսʤɽ¾ʦ, ʮΪʷԪڵˡ
ΪĴϻ۽ȴֻеֻš
ˣڸ, ǲѡ˴
ҵޣԽУȷ˿𣿡
ţһء
֮, Ҳǳұߵȼ, ֻ֮˲֪һ塣Ƕ˵Խ֮ͬһģһ, һ˿, ѵ˶𣿡¶űƽ
α졭
̲סһء
ʱ䣬Ϊʲôֱαʹ÷Χ㣬Ƹҵ˽£
Ҳ֪ϻ޴룬ڸ, ˫΢΢š
̶֪ˮһƽ޲, ̶ˮһ̹ǣĮ, ҶһСķϡ
˵
ĸף֪ġ
ºе, 塭ԭ, Խ»Լ, ұ㽫һԽ
˵ѡ
һΣϻû˵꣬Ļ
ӺϷ߳ҪϣŲȴͣԵ
̨ӹƽ̹ŵһֽϡīˮȾֽɢ
ĸ׿ˣ෴ҺԽĻ£㼵ް׹ҲԹް׹µĺӣԸȢκˣҲùȢ׹Ů㣬ܽԽ
ο˵Խһһһ֪
ѾǴǰˡͲְ׹ˣһҶĿͺûйϵ˵ҲǸŮˡ˵Һµĺӣ䲻鲻ԸȻϲԽҾ˵ԼϾһĹִֺ֪ᣬ˼ǹأ˻Ҳ䡭
ĸ׽ն˵Ļȵһ˵Ļˡ˵ĸԽΪԷҾԽǺ棬ʲôˣĸά
Ѿˣ˫ֳȭȹڱߣɫԽֻΪɣѵΪĸףʹĻԼߺܲ˼𣿡
˼ʱ˵ĸǺʱԽģ
Ҫ𣿡
ȻҪתϡ
ڹŵķǰ
Խһһһ֪˵˵øһЩǡԽÿճʲôʲôʲôˣҹ﷭Ҷָƣ潫Ϊ裬Ҳ֪顣
ϵɴ˫ۿǰģģӰһɴ̹ǵĺ糱ˮĿڣûĺ
ŵģԴһļӾٶ
˿޶ԣİõģ
˵աӽ˶ڵʣʲôԣĵģһ˵˰ɡ
һֶ˵
־塢⡢Qǿҵĸؿ˴˳ײ˫ϥ֧ţȴб˺ѳǧ
û𣿡˵ûУĸױذɡʲôʱ˵ʵˣʲôʱԺ
˫Ҹ£Ըǿȵؽ˴ӵ
ꡣһ£Ժ˽˻ط

꼱ææסϵֱۣҪ䡣
ңϴ֣򼤶ϲ
ޱؿŶͣķϣҪ˵ش˽ɨ۵ķϺ޴꣬Ѹٵͷߵߣ
ӣ¼٣ƺҪյۡ
㿴һ۷ϣ˵꣬ŷˡ
Ӧ󣬸ѡ˲ۣʣµ󣬴ɸѡ뿪鷿
صĽŲԶȥ鷿ھš
ʧľżվĬĬᡣ
ٴγԴ뿪ϲϺˣ˫й

ԥƬ̣֪ƢԵ֪ʱ˿ûа취ǿȷϵġεū澾Ⱥ򣬷˻ǲһطɡùӻҪ
긣һͷ߳˷š
ϴվţͣȻ͵Ŀע⵽ֽϵƬӡ
ƱīɫȾޱߵԨ
ߵǰѪɫָᴥӽƵıԵ
С㣬С㡭ȵڻˣ
һҵ𣬴ӿ
ЩЩЩȥɽϸժҶֺÿָɾСѡϲǩȥժ
ߵӶʪֽ
ĶӡΪʲôһ㶼㡭ʧǵ૵
ջֵʱϵܸ񣬼ϵıʾ߻˳˫۽äæҵĴıʾߣָ䶼Ⱦī
һֻƱʴϹ䣬žһ䵽ϡϼæȥһСײĳһϱ洫һֵ졣
ֻƱʣ̧ͷȥ
鷿һƺޱ仯ոǰ죬ƺҲһʱ
ϱĳʹǰǸǽϵʯͼ
ͼûԣݱʹʯɱʯ棬Ӳ¸ߵζڶ
֣ȡ
һаֱĶڳڻ
һЩ͸Ա֮ţ˫۲㣬ּŵһߡ׷ڳ͢˶ٵҪ¹ϻ߱һֻľϻ
ڤڤ֮Уʲôľϻ鲻Խأȡ˲ľϻ
ľϻû׾ٱˣϻľС̬죬ͬĿɰС
иճʱͰ͵ģҡҧָͷģ²ѧģſ˫ѧġò˫óϻһһľС
̬֮죬ò֮
ģСˣ˴£зòꡣ
ϻӵײӣںڰָ㽭ɽһĨɺ֮ĴĿ죬Զϡ
һһΩΩФľС˱ľϻóչֳһĳɳ켣ͱע˳Ĭ⡣
ɳĹ켣ʮȻֹ
֪ԭ򣬱̳ľҲ֪
ϲѣվסˮĴ꣬ˢҰ׵ϡľϻе䣬ľءзƿЦصڰ鷿
˽ǰһĻܵؾô˴
ˣǿȥɣŷϵֱ۾Ҫߡ
С벻껹ûعͱһϡ
ҡҡλվԭأ۵¶һĨЦ
֪
꺦µؿˡ˵ʲô
֪һֱ֪
ϱ߿ޱЦһܵѹȺʹ࣬һȫͨǾߵ壬Ъ˹ر
֪ɱ
ϻڸոþֻʣỹڲ֪ƣӿ
Ȼס
ʹĶ㣬κһ̶Ҫѵס
Ϊ֪
ԲɱǸˡ


273 
һ·۳Ͷ, һʮѮĽݵؽ硣
.
ݳɽ䣬غdҲû, ɳСӽݳȴŲĶ
ʹϴ÷׵ľɲ, ɿ½¶һСɫؿڡһβͲ, ɵڳͷ
λ磬֪Ϊʲô𣿡һλԷ򣬹βͲһһ¡
ԷŸͷ, ȵðԺؿһۣ˵ģ
СǴӾģѣԶͶݵݡ·û˵ݷʲô°
ܵڹȥŷѣҵ͵չʤ, ûԹҲ, Է͵˵Ǻɡ
, ֵæŸ·ʲôϢݰ֪ɣ
Ȼ֪ˣ˵, º, һǮ, ȫ¶ҵţ˭֪ݰϵĴ
ԆݰһΨһãǰЩЮԽ֪١׼ΧͰһ, Ϊ˵ӷͶԷ, ˵, Ǹ㲻Ӵ, úõӲ׹ΪʲôҪȥЮһ
ǰΪʲôأһʵ⣬Ҿãָеë
ԷΧۣ¶̸СϢʱеı顣
˵׼ҹָĽԽԸ˼޸ˣð߹ͱáϷﻹȱֹ𣿡
£Ҳ죬ζʲô˼Ϣ𣿡
ġûˡԷҡҡͷҾפڳڣ˭°ڵĲƷ࣬ûſģҶԸڼҴš
һûһغԷ׻֪䣬ֵǹ졣
Էͳ죬ɾ͹˼飬ʣͣٺЦŽһ˳
λˣΪҼС㻹δ󣬾Ͳ¶ˡһСС⣬Ǻȱ裬и㡣
ͷĵĿɨͺյš
·أ
óα·ͷɨһۣûпߣ仹ͺ˵ƶȻҪŰģҲǵĹءҿ
Ͷ˶٣µĹβͲݣתſһ롣
زڳڣ棬Ϸ¶ŻƻƵͷֻһ۱ջߡ
ɡ˻֡
͵лݳǡ
Ľһ϶͸һ۲˵Ľ־ݳںϴʱûʲô仯ȻЩңֻմͬʲôĶѹϿգʧȥ˴ǰкɢΪͽš
غһƿջס
Ҫ׼ˣȥ׼Ͷ϶Сһϼƣץסһᡣ
׼иҾȥˣҿ԰
ϴݣŵĵطңݲۣ׼ҽң;ұȻ˽ϵܡ
Ҳֻܶһˡ
˾͵Űݷҡ
ү˼ض˴һæӭ˽ȥǰϣݿƶʵ׼ңͰһپ٣һ
׼ҷѣݵҲù
صүһӦ󣬴ӦΪŻᣬװ
պ󣬻١
װͬڷƽ˾Ĵ˺ϳν;үʱСĽϹ̴򵹣͸䵽װϣѹ֭ˮŪѡ
ϵŮװڸ£װŶ룬ȴضˡ
үŵŮĹţһп̽
һ·˺ܾõĸ壬ţҪ˵Աߵͨһԥعȥ
Сͣ˾ˡ
װûعһ־ϲؿأ£
˾ˡ
ԭûʲôɵվǰǲˡ
˵׹ʧˡ⾿ôһ£Сһ֪游ĸ֪׹µϢҽŵġѾǰˣҪ֪֪϶ֲס
˾˿ǵ׵ңҲŵġ˵Ҫ游ĸи̣ؾﲻˡ
ŻҲζԶ˵ˡװɫӵظпͺãͺð
װֻأӵֻڨڨԼվӲñطλ˵̸֮С
Ҫ˵վʲô¶˵
ϥϵĻң˸ӡ
Ǿͳ˵װɨһۣɫ䵭
һûȥ
صľ˾˾ľ˾ˣԼ˸Լۻֻţ
ȥծ
ͽ׹µգԼ֮²ݲ˵һ顪˵̫ˣػҪʱʱзԲ䡣
װüͷ˵Ļòһµ˽⡣
벻ɥĲ񡭡ȻҲܹ֡װ̾˿Ż£ǸԵ
װ̾ɢһʱ
Ƭ̣ɫɵؿڵϴȥʱ¸иǡ
ô̥ҲؽյСһƽ̹װµб䣬ðȻǵõģȥ϶ȻҪʼ˴ΪѺڻ˳
װᣬضҪⷬˣ󣬰װҲǿЦá
õķ룬ҪˣһҲ϶סҲáװ˶٣˵סĴиҾѲˣһҪС£ܲȥͲȥүǿ֮ˣǳ֮ʱ֪͵ͬеĿˣ
ǧص
ֵΪ䣺ǧҴݵıڽݺҲҵĲ𣬾˾˷ģֻҪ׼֧֣ӸҾȡ׾١
ܴһ԰³㺬壬ðװЩؿһۡ
һȷϣ֮󣬱ᱻ֮͢¿ѾˣװҾ֣ɫ
ֽĳ͢Ǹĳ͢Ǵĳ͢˵Ϊ࣬
ãװƵ¼Ȼд˾⣬ҾͲضˡҷذ׼ҺὫ¸֪ףһ£ҾϢ
ú󣬰װү׼ѣµ뿪˷䡣
غͼٰɴԱ뿪ûκ˵ע⡣
װҴҷذ׼ңԽһ·¸ߺ֪İθˣϲɱĨۿ
벻⸵㡭˴֮ˡϷĨҪ½ȥʲôӹ
¼ȻѾݣҰϾ;ٽθƣΪҰ׼㣬ڽ߳ƵʱǸѧվĻëСˣ
θһ˵
װԼ¡Ұ׼Ҳˣ
Ϸοص˵ͷ
װ뵽»ĲԥƬ̣ǵͷĬĬͬүӵľ
ձҾأԱ붼Ҫǰɸİ׼ҴŴˡžµİװ߳һŵݸſͷͷ
һ񣬱
ǰ׼Ҽд֪µţ˴Ϊת
ͷͷɵشûӹװеż㡣
ǣ
װýֱͣӽĽͷͷĻ
̲ؿͷͷһۣ˵
Ұ׼ҵľ⣬㲻֪
ͷͷعװѾ˰׼żٴν
īոɵ˻飬򱻼Ӽݡ


274 
׼⼸겻, ȵ۶İ׹乬ǳƺԾѳۣڼΨһðָɳЮֹ伣Ĵ, ˵׼Լõ˰˱Ӵù, ֵ޹ذҲð׼Ҹʦзˮˡ
ţĸɮķǡþݣ׼ؽš
ţʦһķ, Ǳŵı;ʮ, һݵТ, ſڴüݵƶ˼Ҷۼ˹
µ, ׼ſɽ˺, , ذ׼ҵĸҾάֳ
ע⣬ƽͷ첽߽˰İ׼Ҵš
߹ŲԺ, Ůز˿һԵɫһɣ·ѹͱʶαװ
ҲŲæ򶨣һֱĽġ
θ︮ˣŰϷ˺ͰװںԺеȺһأθͼצһݵֱÿ˳Ҫ¹
һǰȥ, һһæסΡΡ, ͷ׷λˡ
װȥ, 
游ĸҪ, 岻, ǻǽ˵ɡعе
θǸŵף᾵ȧԿ̱Ӳ˫˸˫ۣȴĪůθ촽صֱ˵ͺá
һһǣŶϽ˰׼ҳȿĻڰθôҲףضףθ͵ࡣ
´ǰ£Ѵ֪ˡθģΪ⣬·İɣ׼Һ͵¹ˣõ䵽С
游壬屡죬СһС
θ˵Ŀǰ°ǰһǵº͸лԼȣΥԼмȢ˿ʵ
ǿȢ͵޹أһ
ǣѡи֮ˣǷɿ
ɿɿԿɿظնɽ
Ϸ˿ǰŵˣ⸱컬ģЩ졣
үʲôЦͷۿͣм֮Ա
ҿͲˡ
ӢͬϰθĻҿǺͶԵΪ游ȽΪ
ϵĲյθһ
ղյƤЦؿŰİθֻλεдϼ֣
ȻҲ˳ۣҲûа취
·꣬Ҫʤ
θƿߣ˵
ȻѾѡˣҲԡ˶٣ѹ촽ŤŤȻǵѡˣʺҰθҲˡ
θͣʵңжٱ
ݵģǧˣڽݣԼжʮ򡣡˵
Щôģ
Ȼд㣬Ųæ
ȡݣ游æȡ׾١֮ȡݣˮʧȥ԰ڰΧݡ
Ȼд㣬Ǿͺðˡθ˵ĸ֮ý֮ԡûг֤飬Ҳû׼飬˵ǰֻ֣Է֮˶ĿȡݺԸ⣬ұΪ飬Ҳñ˿ʵΪΣ
û顣ؿͣأ
Ҿͦã
͸ûˣ֣ץסѵҪ´λ᣿
˶û¶ôˣݣθΪ顣
ݳǿȥôƽûע⵽ƽ֮°صĲ𽥼ҡ
Ű׼˻Ŀպϵ˽ݣŵСÿ˸⡣
׼ҵţܼ¶ɻӣСȴû
ϷⶣңҪֽСܼҴΪͨ
׼ҵΣһƷԱţҲҪͨУ
ܼвмάŲɫ΢Ц
ջдţȻˣǾذɡ
Сһ㶣޴վſڡ
ǲɣҼҹѲڽݣִҪֽӣǱֻܵȹӻ˵ˡ
˺ʱС׷ʡ
һ£¡ܼ΢Цӵ٣Ҳ̫
СֹһΪѣܼڵ΢Цš
ȻǾܼҴΪ˰ɡСڵݳһֱܵż㣬ܼһҪֽС
Ƿżڰͣ˰Ρ
СԽ
ܼ֣ƵȡСеż㡣
ÿҵŵ˶ô˵ġܼһĨмֻܵѶ͵ϣ򲻿ǹӵˡذɡ
Сһ죬Ҵžǰؽˡ
ŽյĴţ޿κεת뿪
ڽӽϲ֪ʱֻʣյ֦ҶӱȾһɽͣ춴ⱻһ޼ʵĺɫΧѪĺҶϸ²ţš
װѵصĸҾһֻظ΢΢һŵĺɫû˶ɽ·
بںɫ춴֮ģһӰ
ֳɫֽɡϸḧɽɫĴ䣬ֽɡֻݲ԰ףСԲǳɫ˰ĿƬ԰ɡ£һһΣƵӳſųݡ
ؼ˰ֻϡ
ݵ꼾Ѿ٣յȴ춴Ƶȫɢȥˡ
Ҫ붴ձõʱ
˨ŴСӶ̽·أؿžҽǵ״档
ˣɢ붴ˡ
صȫɢ󣬸Ȼһ
Ǹ谵ѹֵĶڣ²˽ս
ʱҲԥ
ǰƽ·ϡʱҲͬȺ¼ҲͬǣµģǼһĿȫǵʬס
ͬʹֻ࣬ǱһΣǿ˰ٱһסĲĺһס࣬Ѫ⡣
׷ģģȫָˡ
һû¡
̶һ£˴룬·Ǵһ߹ǼϣȻǳģǲǺͷϸĳǷĳеĲˣ˫׵ķӿȴһ˵ʱ
ӡسѡ
һ
ʿ
ˣˣˣһм۶оһµˮͲ
ֿҴҹǰ˫ָ߾Ͳմʮָ΢΢
ü»ţ
ɱϸ䣬µأҲʱ޿̵ɢűϢ
ݡݷˡ
ֵͷսս
ԽݣԹӡΪĺ־֮ʿһ𡭡࡭
䣡
էȻ磬һ𣬴Ҳ·
Ұ׵ĵӳÿϡ
ֶ˶٣һη岻ĭ˵
СС
ֽͰһҲû˵꣬ĻµĿء
ǼףԽԽˡ
̵ճûС
˵ա
ֵõ׿ϣٴ˿ĭȫ
ԽԽպݰ׼Ҽ֤£ͬǰ򴨽ڶʹͳɻ顣
ɫ䣺ӣ
ۼֿ죬͵طסĵӰ
ӣ
ˣ
һڴĿѪӿ˳Ⱦ˸½ѪӶµˮ˿˿ɫ
صֱ߬ţͷҪѹ飬ĿĵѪһεֱϡ
źɫˮ棬ӳŤݡ
ҧҲ޷ؿҪ˺ľʹ
ӿͷȣ
ȥݡ


275 
ı, ǧʿ¡
ݰڽϷչصļڽˮ̸, ټñѸ, Ȩһҹʱ䣬ʱ֣ݳϵľͱģ, ɽҡ
Լ, θԽ, Ϊ顣
Ϊʱ⣬ݸոմӸҾж, θĻϻʲôĻ֮ͽ, δ㷢, ˺Ͱ׼еǼңϸƸ
, ݶŵƽʡ׼ÿſʩӹԲ࣬ƶֻҪ˵һλ˵ףԸ쵽һֳӹԲࡣ
ҹĻȢ׵ĳĵشϱ֮Ĵ;װϲǺͭľСɰຢӻϲص׷ڳӺ, Ц߼
ڹŴ컨ĸߴϣس˳ûһ˿϶Ļ½, Դͷǰϲܲ߿һ㣿ĥĥȥ, Ҫˣ
˱ѽϲŻеĺɫ˵, ʲôʱӭ, ʲôʱãʲôʱ붴нģ˲УҲУ˾ɣ
ĶֹסԱߵd̵ʲôӣж
ɽķӾǡdһѹɽһǡ
ڣȥɽǣ
ȥңd˵ɾȥɽ
ƶǶص˵ͷ
˵ˣ˵ˣЩЦϲŷ˽dˣźЦԽԽãǴϲѽ
dͶϽŬЦǣ¶һŬļЦ
ϲŲע⣬ļнµĿӽ˲
ѽ㣬㣡˵˼ʱܿҲܳ𣿡
˫ֱ̧ͦͷֱ׳·ʲôϵ˵ȥ
Ȣ׵·ϳ֣Ž׵İ׼Ҳòʲôطȥ
׼ҵҪӿˣϷ˾һ⣬ܲסۣһֱַļο
һۣҲһҪšҪմˮǾͿˣ֪𣿡
ؽŵص˵ͷ
Ҫʵ̲סҲûйϵϷ¶ͻЦݣﱻ빬գһβſáѽСͰޣСҲܿһΡ
˵󣬰Ϸɫ걯ˡΪתƻ⣬æһԵĿ˵׼ˣ쿪ʼɡ
£ŵ㡭
֪ǰݹأĶٱ
׼ȴû뵽С϶ҧʹɫܿ˼һǵİϷǣοĸģһҲۣ𡭡
ҪѿڶϰٱľĥƵ˫ڲ࣬سʱ򲻶ϿѪģʮָһȿʹϰٱ
ǿһĵİϷ˺һİүӣʲô˵ˡ
ˤϥǣҪöˡЦ
Ϸ˿Ц˵ˣ·ҪСЩڻáԺ˫ˣôððʧʧôǺã
ز˼صͷ
ʲô˿ŲͺˣҰ׼ȱǮθмغһҰθΨһŮǵȥҲ˵ţ
㰡Ϸ޿κεЦˡ
һ󣬿£׼˼оϸѡĺ´Ľ
ŵѡǺнģȫ֮ˣ׽ȫŮã˲ſһšغ͵һγͷªȫֻһªİʽκسˡڶγɻ飬׼ǰ׮׮뵽ˣеضУûеģػǶС
һᵽβᵽ׷üᵽأᵽ񾡱롭
ϲɫĺŽϸصһͷ˿һԹۿİϷοү۰ˮ
õӣүˡϷ˰үӵֱۣС
ûޣθɫζȻϣϧеỨˣӵ˸
˭뵽ŷѪİ׼Ҽ˽¾ȻǸȴСͯܿ޵Ŀްأ
ϷһΣֻѾʪٴڰүۿϰ˰
УʮϾ͵ͷ
ʮ¶꣬ȥӱ̴ľϣ͵ǰ
ֱʱز˳ΪʵС
᲻ӿۿỨؿǰͬۿİϷ˺ѾʼԼĨİүӡ
游ĸʵ
ϲӣ֮ǰһҪϷ˺ЦүȳȥдͰɡ
үƺ֪Ҫʲôһִûз˳ȥ
ɻĿڼϷóͼȻӡ
гͰϷˣСѾ֪ˡ
ÿӶҪģȻ֪һ軹ǲ١Ϸº͵˽һЩҲǻ¡Ҫ뾡УһҪס
Ϸ˴˹ض˵ʲô
ص𾪴ߡ
̧°Ѷ
Ϸ˺Ц˵ͷ
Ҫǲôأʡ
Ǿ޷ѽɵӣϷ˵
أ
һ˿Ծ
Ҫǲһɿָ˵ͼϵһƣɫͨŽȥڡ
Ϸ˼ĵһλãܴܲδˣºͣҪһӡΪ˼Ƿ֮ĸ飬ΪǶ˵Ѫ
ʲô׵ģ
ԭΪзѹͲз˰죬ÿǸǸỳУ
ֺЦһͨ졣
ˣ²ò˼
Ϸ鲻ԽѾڵŮû˵Ľ֣ɫΪ֮һ
װûпСŮɬ̬ŰϷ˵˵˺ЩɵƤ
ڣ˵ͨ͵Ѿ˰׼Ҵš
ػӣͷ˸׺ͽ˿ͷŮţ߳˷š
⣬޸ĸûԼլԺͼгװáθûŽѹһͷҲûθڰʾǸŮ˼һϼƣó׵ĵص㶨ڰ׼ҡ
԰θ˵ܹʾŮغ˳ӣϲּ
˵׵һпӲƴֵҳа֮á
õĽθλ΢Ҳûô˳ˡǰգں԰ƲˣһԷǽ顣
رϲ󲻾ã׼ҵĻʽĻ
׼ϲ󣬱;
һɡҵӽյİ׼Ҵﴫ˳
׼ҵƻͨҵĵҡҷšǺӵĲڳ¥ϣӳŽҹϲݣ֪δβ


276 
ϲصȴ, ǰԺңңĻЦӳķаĿ»飬ȴ»Ů, ֽɬϲԼָڴͷ»ȥҲλá
֪˶, һŲǰԺ˽
ֱͦ, Ϣ, ҪӺĳ
֨ѽһ, űƿһŲ˽, ſƺվˣڵġ
ȥȥȥͷ, ǿˡȥȾƣܹܹմžƽʱӸ
һЦͲɷ˵š
û, ŲҲû, ǰֳ˽ŵĻģ
͵ĽŲƬ̺һ˫ոµѥӳڱͷ˴Ұ彩ֱ, ҲҶֱ׺ĺͷ, ͽŶ֣صݳǰ
ǵɵ, ǵһγ, ҿͷĵһҲһƤЦȻתص, , ȴǴһʼ֣صģ·ǰ˼Ҫ֮
еĽźɢ֮ͷЦ¶ŷĵĽ
Ҳ¶Ц⡣
صϣĵȶ˳żĵط˹ؿ˵һ䣺
ôÿҹͻͥ𣿡
ͻȻ黰࣬Ҫڣ;˵
ӵŮˡŮӾУôһԡ
Ԫ˧Ц˵
Ǹˣ˽䡣
˵ţصͷ˹
ǰ𽥷Ŵ޴أ鲻Խֱϴ齣޿ˡ
˵ǲһԣ
ȵϢëһḧϣ
ص̵úһ̾ˣȻֱؿ˻ȥ
ⲻڣ֪ںҲں
ǡ˵һԡ
ǶתתһԵĶԷ漣
ͣԣ漣
͵һ죬Ŀʼ
֪˵촽һر˫ۣǵĿѣԡ
֮С

ǳǿ֮ɢķΡ塣
ͬϷֱȪ硣θĴһһ¡ûжԤеʹ࣬ⳡֻԵǺ
㡢ôزδ˵ͱϡ
͵ͷĲԲ˲ͷĶϣһ
һʮʽԹһʽһʮʽء
ͳƣѹӢ꣬Ӷûķֹסز
ǺӲá
μӻı½߳˰׼ҴţԳϹҵ
϶ƮɢҹУ
ҲҪǼһ档
ϾùĺƽŮһϴµӣ
ֱҲеκ⴫нݵԽȻԡѪسǣܰݷͬһˡûи
ôҿǰЩţ˵ڰлٻ
˭£ʲôô
Ǿֻµ˲֪ˡ
Ű׼ſڵһʣˣҲҹɫС
ŷ˸Ƿ˰׼Ҵš
ҹĻ£ϲĺʯשϵӰһҡҷճҹɫ䣬Ⱦºڰ³һӰǧĽŲվ˱İ׼Ҵǰ
ҹ紵Ĵ䡣
һ̨ȺֿɼȴԶĴţ԰׵û˿Ѫɫ
һʼվԶںҡҹɫУ޵ˮ
ϲʪҲûꡣѰĿڴűߵһƬѪʱɫ䣡
ӣ
س˹ȥ˸һ֡
ѪѪģĵ䣬͵ѪΪһ塣
ĵʹֱ˵ǧ֮һ
¹·棬Ѿϵ˿ϣ·һĽһһεأ̴
ӡֹ
뾡취Żɭϵݳǵģ˵һҲûУ⣬ҲֻپݱͿ⣿
طĵصǸʧȥǳ׼Ҵˣ˫ֶѾ׼ˡ¶ķˣº󱻹ӹҲҪ˴˴ߡ
ŵصãȻɽվԭء
ָֻǻѪΣ϶ôڱʯϡ
䵭¹ⶳ˸ϵһб飬ʼûǰûУҲţƺϵʱѾֹͣ
ݳϵĺ¹⣬ں˲԰׵ɫ۵ҡε¹֣¹һԻã˫·Ѿȥƽ¶˴ĲӰ
ӡؿȥˣ¶̵˵߰ɡ
֮󣬸תصĽŲʱȥ
ıѪ壬ʹȴǴؿڴ
ľ彩Ӳһĺڰ
Ϊĸɪ
ʵʣˣֻÿ̤ĸԺš
ʵʣĸϴ棬ƾƺֹıˡ
Ϊͯѩ
ʵʣ鷿ÿҹƵ㾲´ưãжһ䡣
Ϊమϡ֮
ʵʣ׶Ծ֮ŮĹעԼ
ΪѴ֮ӵϾ󲿷һ󼰵Ҹ
ʵʣƴȫܵõ֮˵һĿ⡣
װװϻۣƴǰαļƴάϵԼĽֱӭһ
ΪеһУûУĶҲǡͳ羴ĸ֮䣬ǲٵѪϵûС
ֻǵͼ֮ӡ
ĸסĲ
бЦ
С
Լ֮⡣
ϳĶҲϳĵĺ¡ÿһ̣ʧȥ׼ȹŮ˫ţڹаߣߵ˶Լˣпܴˣһų
˺ʧȥ
˺ס
ס׵Ŀ⣬סĸױһˣסͯʱ洿⡣
þ˵Ķзɵлʲôûʣ¡
ͣ½ŲѪ¹̧
¹ָˮߡ
͵һΣĿѪӽյĴм˳ѪӳģݸӲ԰ֽ
ӡѾʡ
һݵ¹ҡҡ׹
Ƭ̺ס˲ȵƿصĲָֻ֣Ǹ̩ɽǰɫµһӡ
ֲ̧ȥѪٴŲ
ͷҲص߽޾ĺڰ


277 
ڶ, صûо̫ʹֻ·ߵÿ˻оһ˿ʹ, ǰܹʲô
˵ප˺Ѱʹ²˴Ĵԣҹȷʵûʲô˶ԱȣԽԼѡˡ
һǸзĸ裬ܳƣټ޸ĸ, һյ밲˸׼Ҷġ
Ů밲
һ̬֣صλ²衣
θŮǽ, ڲ˵Ϻ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ǰͳ΢䲻ԼĶĶõŮ, һ, ¶޵īĵط˺¡¶ŻȫȫԼ׼ˣ޵īܲмȽ, , ǻˡбȨ, ŮһԼ裿
ȥɣ
θӹ;Ĳ, , Ҳûʲô, ˣ̵úܡֻҪº, 鶼, ½, ͸Դ, ҪմԵݺݺ࡭
游ģնϵһһֻҪһŮˡ˭ŮˣӾ͸Ůˣ˭ҪЮŮױˣ˭ӲϹӾͰѹҲóѣ
ͱҾʮüʶİθҲסˣҭһԶԣֻյһڡ
һߣϷҲؾĲ衣
ۿ΢죬һοص֣һˮصϡ
¼±ҲûʲôõóֵģΨֻϴµϵ·ˡ²Ҫ
ĸظлôأסϷ˲ϵ˫֡
θضˡ
ȡһöָ
ȳҰ׼ҵŮȻ㡣ӽԺһپ٣һҸ˵׼ŵƹϵáÿ׼ṩľѼ䱸Ԯ⣬öָһİ׼ŵȡʮȴܲ˲顣
˫⣬Ȳָ
һˣҲˣȥϢϢɡǻһգҪûʲô£ڼӰաϷ˺Ͱͣ˵
ȻֻҪûҿ϶ҪԼŮ˵Ŀڵ϶Ҫڼˡ
»صȻϣͽԼ
΢΢˼صͷ
ݱϺ˳˻͵ͷ۲صĲĵ۲ۣ
ҡҡͷͷǴһĨЦ
Ҳǣ¿·ǰǣص֣
ҪصסĶԷͨԺһȡضڳǡײſҪ³׽dͶ
׼ڳĽ궼ǶƷһЩ۵ϵĶββĽ⣬׼һרϡ˼ﻨƽһֻ˾βɫꡣ
ֻľβdʪܵ˫
ŻȥȻ游˻ƨɵġվȰ
dԣ鲻ԸؽмֵĽŻСߣ۾ֻòײ׽ľββʧ̦̲С
죬ѧ֣ջؿϧߣص
ɡ
ػû˵꣬;ͲضԶ˵ûգԼ¶ȥ
һãȻ˵;Ѿ§صļ򣬲ɷ˵˳ȡ
۸ʲô˵
ʲôʱ۸ˣͷʣôһˣֲС̫࣬ʲôű˵Ůˣ
ֻ뾡ѧдǵԡ
Ӳܡ͵ͷ˲䣬ֻҵġ
һۣȴ̵ġ
صԷԷظֶһ飺۲ۣ
ۡڰն˶٣ֵѾʹˡ
ȻۡʹӺס壬ߵ˵Ǿ͵ȥ
һͷҲλˣ
ȥʲô
㲻˵𣿡ζ
£
ô£
˾ǲ¼չʱdĴɤڷ
磬ţţˣ
һ٣ؽһߣ˶һ˿
ûнţǲڻһձŴġ
ߵſڣߵȺţݡΪȡݣţٴ˸ͷٰУͷδŹĴԴݺºһ±dһãǾͻţĲ⻬±Դ
ţź˸ǡ
Ūʦʦ¹ؽҪŻͨĺáţһ˵ţһߴdԴϵ֡
ţѾܸߴˣ߾ųߵdǰֻܱɸԶҲţΪĵط
˵ʲô£ʡ
ţٴδdԶ֣˵ǱߴϢ۵֪ٸ࣬Ϊŭҹϭģ˰ٹ빬ݶ
ʲô
Ǵ󾪣֮Ӧ˹
ⲻܣŭɫӿӣɶҪ˱Ϣôв˰ٹȰǿ빬
Ǳߵ߾Ū˵ģţסԶԴͷϸdȥĿܣһ߷dĻ͵Ϯһػشصʻ۵Ǽȷʵ뿪˽ݣͬеĴʿ
ʿܸʲô
ݵıͲֹ򣬸ʿȡݣǾ̫
ԣغȻһ֣һɺ⡣
ȡݵʿ²ǸҪЮ룡
Ҳͬһʱ뵽һ¡
Ǹ׿ϣŶһôܵʿǣǰݣ
µǼݵʲôطˣʡ
ݽǱߵ˵ǰ㶯뿪ˡ
աʱ䡣һ˵׼ǧһҪǿ֮ˡҴһҪȫܣԼ˵ǣҪй¶ҲڳеϢ
شŲµҪȥʲôȻ֣ҪֳͬİΣԹۣȴ¡
谴ʲ壬Ҳͬ;֮壬ʲôֱ
Ʋ˽飬ҲǴĻʵۣ縵ԸչȥҲȻͲ
ԥƬ̣˵ӦңһҪõڲࡣҾҪԸȥܷġ
İɣéҲѵϡ
͸һ˵꣬ͼͨţĲظ±dͲˣ˵ȥ
ԣȥȥü
ȥd⡣
ʦٴҰɣţ˵
ݣһʲô£ڣҲܷһЩ
ݰûоս۽ľʶԶԶȲ½ˣݳǽȺ߰ĽͲġ
̬ȼţֻýصİš


278 
, һҪСġñ빬ǰݣñ롭
վڷУ鸴ֵϵĿסƬϵı͸ָ, ƤѪ, Ҳŷ䣬
, , ̧ͷͣ·һ, ռ壬˵
ֻܶѡһ
һҪԼ
ס֣һһ˹뵽ٹƬᴩſ̤, ǰ·δԶһ, æͷģۡ
̧°ͣòֱᶨŵ˫ۡ
һġָȥ۽ǵۣҡ
˵ͷ
, Ȼһƺڱ棬Ųﲻ
¶ɫߵǰ, ƿš
ô£ʲôͽһѾ߽˹
Ѿֱ߲, ͷŵūҲû, ֻǰԺ˵, ׹ӻˡ
飿üͷһ
һ, æǰһ, ׷ʵɻãûˣ
ӦûаɡѾߴһȷҪˣæ˲ǡ
Ҳǵ;˵Ѿòʲô׼ȷϢظɴ̤ţ첽ǰԺȥ
һͬǰǰԺȡ
ļ٣޲һ̾ͳ嵽ǰԺ顣
ӳΧӪغǱ·غ׹£Ȼ˸Ҿ׷Ҳʧȥ١游ĸ;˾Ȼǰû飬ҲΪ鵣ǡ
ҲΣˣȴ£ҪôͰ׼˽
һ·ߣڸϵǰԺݣδ߽˰ĺޣȵżءǷ·ĸĻԼڰθϥǰŰүӴȿ޵һĻ棬طı˺͸жл飬ȴ̲ס
үһ£֪ҹʲôĿ𣿡鱧Űθȣ޵һᡣշֱʱȻŲV֣ȴԲ࣬˿Կģ
վڰθ࣬üӶԲӵİװ˵Ҳ֪
һ£й¶ϵ׼ţһ·أԿʲˣ˶һȦ
ͼ˫ִӽϰߵİθ˵ݵĶģ
ү鰺ԴһŵؿŶˣҾǲģ
Ű飬¶˳˼ı顣
⣬˺ܶˡθ̾˿
ӺòƽǾͲ˵𣿡Ϸ˵ţ֣˵Ϸ˵ϥӿ
ˣˡ游͸ף㻹ƽʱûʱ춼ڶѰټ
ֹίĳҭҭؿŰװͰθ
Ϸ˵㸸ף㷿һһ졪
ĸס
װˣԴϰϷ˵Ļ
ƽʲôáһˣҲʲôˡϷ˸Цİֱ
Ȱ׼˵طһ䣬վſڵȴزǰȥ磬Щܿˡ
£ſأһ֮ʶҪؽסЦһˣôʲô
鲻֪Ǻãµˡ
θ˴룬û¶ô˵ˣ㻹ִһףǹ˵µĺ⣿
ŷ¶һЦ⡣
ѵʱ򣬶϶˵˵µϢĵǶоգƽ۵һ𡭡ˣȻʲôеһûǽܣҪڰ·ˣ
˭㣿θʡ
һĵŮʱѧһȭŹһͻݵġ˵꣬кѩ
˺⡣
Ƭ̰һݸӰ⡣
ǸϤӰѿڶɳ
ǸȾѪĴ֮գҳϵĹŮϲѾһΪҲȴأһվǰ
˸ɳ𾪵Ŀߵǰ

ſ죬˳£﷢ֻв
˳ͷĶؿ˲µɲ˺ۡ
һɽϸ͹˰ɳ԰׵Ĳϣһ˲׹µĺۼڴУԽΪѾ裬νѾǰ
ԽûأԽµɳȴˡ
ʹһȻһ仰ûʳѾʹŹɳǰ
һַֻŵıϡ
ɳˮˢŴЦӡ
һᣬļҲһֻ֣͵Ĵ֣ᵫʧ֧
֪˶ãڴӱQлɳվʵܿˡΪҡ
ɳᶨҡҡͷص֣д
ū澵ǵµġ
鱻ϵľڣع
֮ǰʶһɻʳеʡ
ҳǰŮգԼҳԼΪʱ˵
ɳ˵ͷĻ
ƭңĿɿڴؿɳһʼΪ˸һذ׼ң
ɳʱ򣬻ָ˴ǰϤ䵭ǵĴģ
ҡҡͷ˼
ؿȴˡ
˵ʲô׷ʡ
˵вʣҵʱ򻹲֪ǰ׼ҹӣ֪ˣ˳ƶΪˡ
ôܹǸӣˣǰĹŮҲˡͶصɳȻ㣬ҲڵʱչҲࡣ
ҪȥĶ۾
ص粻صɡ˵ҪȥĶҪȥĶ
飺
Ч
İڹһʱ󣬾ͱͲɷ˵ء衱ˣΨ˵ϻ׼˶ĹǺֻأһĸ첲ѳͷԽԽԶؽе
¾ң
ֻǳ˻֡
ϣθ׼һʢǰˣؾ˵ɳ
Ҳ˵ֿɳϷ顣
⽻Ҫţɳȴ̼ѾУΪ˲ϧΥ뷽跨ӳС
ӳɳΪ˲Ѿ裬ҲΪǳԽϵĳء
Ѿġʬ塱ӵڡ
˵ǣʱδ˵ǣһĵĳŴ
ҩҩ飬һĻֻҲ˵
ܹݱ˴ΪΥ˸ҲͶϣֻĴշתѰԽϢ
ֱѵİ飬֪ݺ󣬱һصݡ
װĴţɳɤӺ̾һҡҡͷ
ɳͲϣأֿһء
ɳصֱۣʵ΢΢һЦָպŲ豭ˮд
ܻټ£ɳѾ㡣
ʧȥ̷ĳͷ
ǰ¡˶٣̧ͷأָдԭ𣿡
غЦûк޹㣬̸ֺԭ£
ɳ¶ظ΢Цٴպˮд£
ӽԺɳڡֻǵµİѩ


279 
һȵҩ߽ϵԷ
ķһ㰸ǰ, ۲飬԰׵ɫﷺɫ
꽫ҩŵһԵϣǰһ, 
, ˡ
һŪĶͣ
˫ִϸ첲, Ϸ¡
Ҫҩ˵ӿѬˣ
һ㶣طˣѬˡ
üһһĨ̫ᷳŨ, Ѭҷ˯žȥ޹, ôǰǸ
΢ȣͷӦǡ
һߣǰҩԱߵĻ衣
ںڵҩܿʧ
ҩǹӲ̷ÿҹշת, ĴõõİҩССͱ֪ТԷˣν࣬ТĿɼΡ
ĻԺٶ
һ, ȴ֪Ǽٵġ
ȫǻԡ
Ϊ棬ΪȻɱףҲֻǲ֪ɱ䴦Ϊ, ҲֻΪߵ, ʧȥΡ
Ϊѣ
ֻδ, ֻΪǧʮº࣬ӹŹһŴĺӣѪԸᣡ
ף˿Ц
ϲԸ֣ԸٿǸӰصһУĿʹ;ΣԼŻǧټѰصİҩĿֻܼӿĺ⡭Ϊıʹ
һûʲô˿أҲ߳š
Ψһ֧ȥĶнԸ
Ϸ¿룬걧ո´ڵһ²Ū顣
Ҳؿţ˫һȾ׵Ѫ
ˣϴ
ô˹齡
ǰҪ˯ȴſ˫ӭһһʵϮЩмʢʻҲ޾Ĳ꣬˳ű»Ѫˮ
ڲпȥجҲܳΪܷĸ塣
֪׹ŹȥƬεʡϣһ߲ţ
ģСģ
˵
Сġ
Ұ׵⻮ֽӳ硣
׹عš
谵ҹɫ޾ӣĲȻ׹ưĻңԶĵƽϴ˺磬һܱڿҰϵÿһϡ
󵨣ǾҶԱ²췴ɣ
ĹĶʹνָΧǵĸҾŭĿΪ׵Ľ߲Ϊضűʹ谡
ʹЮֱ³ӣǴ治췴ɣˣͱ·Ǽݣ
Ҿһӵϣ޸֮׾پͱˣһ֮ˤڵ⡣մŢ̧ͷʹŭĿԲɵͷ­䵽ǰ
Ѿ˵ȣеͶ
ص½𣬵ǹҽˮˮֱܱذһŻǰֵܻ̿ӳڻǵˮСѥйˮĵرһ޷򿪵
ڴзפӪأջߣ²ŵһ
һѰѴ
µʱˮѪˮӵһ˦
ĿʻӪأĸҾĬɱվԣؿҡҡλε谱ƽʡ
ĽȼŻ裬ڴ̹ǵƮȻů紺ޱŮվڽ䣬ΪʵΪ֮һ֮ʪ͸վУȻ⣡
أʲôط֪һڵޣ޳ɫ˳鶯һٵתŲΡΡӣ޵ĿɨӰ
ֻ쵴š
裬ͲڸǵʶϷص
һֻݵĴִţʡһС˺ɫֽɡ˲䱻ɡ
ֻʣһˬɫӰվڡ
谺֮ǵ޲صͷһƽ²صģЮֱ³ӵѾһӦͬҲηɱС֮űˡ
㣬Ҫؽݣ޲ҪʲôԼȥҪؽݣ˵
˽⣬Ȼܻؽݡ˵ѵµãҲ𣿡
޲˭Ҳ
ƺһܺıܣ谶Դ˴֮мΪܣ·ǰģݣҲԽүӲ̵ס
Ϊһ֮Ӧ֪ԴΪء˵
㻹֪һ֮谱ʹ˻ߵغ˳
˫ĿԲɣвѪ˿һȻŽµˮ飬۽ϻմźɫ࣬ͷϵĽҲбб˿һ֮ӣ
һڴк޻֮ˡ
΢̿֡㲻Ųæصͷһ֮ǧ˶֪顣
ˣ㣬޷ؽݣ
ӦֻĳĬ
谳ʧأЪ˹ƹˤ㣬治αӣҪ
δţ
ˣɵó·ã
һڽĹŮæߵһɴǰóһƴС
ߣһöĵҩ
ҩ׵Ĵ͵谵ǰϵⵤҩʱҲԡҩΪǰ˷¸ֹЧδ֪ĵҩϧãҩͯ˼Ȼôö˶˵վǰ
£ҩ
һѻӿ˴̣䵽ë̺ϣֺδֻڵĵҩ˳Źűߡ
㣬ͼıλ᲻úϳôһǳԵļһԺôµȥڣ谺
űߵҩ衣
ͷһ˲䣬гȥƵĳ嶯ΧȻ֮Ŀͷ
ؿŸöҩ衣
΢ˡ̧ͷ΢Ҫģıλ
Ҫʲô
еĵҩĬƬ̺˵¿¥
谾ضδش⡣
Ҳûеȴ谵ĻشƬͣٺ󣬱ֽ˵ȥ
гһգ·ԼӵеһУվֻٵĺ¥ֻξϣ
谸Ҫش𣬸ѽ˵
Ѿѡ񡣡
ʱΪ̫ӣΪ£ӵ£ɽƽԣȨ죬ʵжȨӦκ˶˶˵ˣһ·˳˳ˮȴ֪δʮ۸ֵӱ֪³Ժٴɱݺ£ֻ˵²Ѵ֮ʹǼ֮ϡ
ؿŸ㣬һʼķ֪˺
´ǰͬһ¡
ͬһ¡
˵
ǰҩ·ŽϵĴ谡
ʱսѣ·ϵһ̽Ѫ⡣
ٴУȴֻǷ絭ߵ󣬽̷ŵ˲ϡ
વһ̵ĵ˲ϡ
λҲջ󡣡˵΢һΪҪסǰĺ¥ˡ
㻰䣬ؼҴҵ
ǰӵİʹټ


280 
ư, עˮϵػŢĵ档һխ·ϷɳţһƬƬǵˮĻ׵ˮɽ·Ҳ´һˮӿĴӽűڵ·ǰ
һŵ, ʱʱͷ·ڱһĹ׷
Ȼ֮, д, ɫһ, ûüӦɽоͳ˴ڼ׵, ںڵˮһΪ, ǰǰذΧ
鵱ս¿һ˻ͣ˽ŲʪܵһƬ֪Ǻˮˮ
˭ҵ·, ֪˭𣿣غǳ
лصڼޱؿڴϴˢ··Ѫĳ, ֳɱ
ǳĬ, Ȳڵʲô
ֱѹŢתĹµԶ, ͵׹Ҳؽһֱߡ
촽Ŀתؿ𽥴ĻŬѹеη塣
ڿʵݵİ֮, ͣԶֿĺڼ֮䡣
ݳתƿ, һϸҹ紵, ڵ
˷, ̧һ忡ƽӣעǱİ顣
㡭ôᡭͰ͵
룬ûӭ֣Եøг⡣
ԵЩ΢ƺںҲмΪΪò䣬ȫע
ִȥݰɣ˵ʮִɣҲݶȥͬУ
ٸݣձίʹ࣬ŭشӲûĵ÷޺޹ǿȡᣬұòİ֮һ㲻ǸαӣС˰ˣֲұòҪ㣡
Ȼƽָȴյ÷ס
кðεʱؼֻд졣
㸧ƽϵ壬Сϣòյѹס˾̡鵭Ȼֹݣ·Ϥ鷿ɱɽ֮С
زһ£Ҳҵϡ˵ȻҲ֪Ǵʲôط֧ں֮ɵľӡ
ӵĿӰ£װȴԶԾĴƴնϻɨ
ǣҲֻ־ˡ
˵һ
һɽ
˭͵һγԴķ
֮²ñαװĹֿƣƤײı£ڻϢ߳ɽ֡Ϊ֮֮ͣУˮñܺ£˳СɫĲȥ
꣬ɽɱ⡣
⾰һɱ֮еȴԱžȵ̬һƬ֮ҫ糯
һǿҵɱ˸ٵƽںڵ۵׾ҷӿ
˿ֿͣ˿ͳֺƶȻȥͷ۹۱Ǳǹĵİ飬˵
üҳ
̧ˣ̧ˡͺٺһЦĳ٣ʹơ񸵴ˣıһ׽һ׵ģ˷ʤһ㡭ʬ˶ûҵǰ򴨽ڶʹǢзʸ񡣡
㲢Ļ
Ȼòӹץֺαðգ㿴ԲԶİϵλ÷ΪɱңҲû
϶£ôܽðգ˵Ը㡪㲻ðա
𣿡Ŀ䣬Ϊƾӱܹǰȫˣ
˵׼ˡ͵ɵЦôֻ֪ٱʿ㣿
ݰΪ˶Ŀز̫ཫʿ¶һ˿ЦСɱ࣬սȴ㡣Ҫ԰ΪµؽӪء
ҪܽߵıᳬǧԽǽӽǣҴߵıԽ٣ܹӽݸ֣ܹɹ㶢͵˫ۣʱ˿̣ܹõı١
ͰŪһݣḧѹֵַƽȥɴ྾һΣñշ
ݷŽţ̧ӭĵЦ
ʣҪңֻٸӪ𣿡
Ĭؿ
ƵЦţ촽һһ¡
ԡ
ҾɵشŶԼƤױٿ˿һķˣ͵ĻѾ˴롣
˭˹
˵ˣ㼰£˭аƾеµһӷս
ǿԱԶʤԼѾȻս޲ʤµһӣ
֮󣬸Ŀ΢΢ˡ
ʱ䣿ʡ
ػͲ˵ˣһЦţ޾庮Ҳ޾꣬ɷ
ҳΪһټҡ˵
µһӾö࣬ҴԶܹҪΪ𣿡ҳôˣҲûһ˰ɣ
ҳκͷһ£ͺٺЦǾʣ

䣡
һҰ׵ĵ⣬ĺ˺ӪϷڵĻ
ͣЪ·Ҫôµĵϡ
ѲҹСһߵŽҹһ߷ܵɨӹ谵ܣ˸ԶĻ֮С
һӰӶѵľ䱳˳ǽҹ縺ΣӪʵʩԮжţΪ˶ĿһѲߵǵʽס
˴ĸû˷ǵǱ룬һжеú˳ΨһĿߴʣڵƻͨȴһ˿ء
һ֮⣬ؾиˣ
ţϷľ飬³ڣȻթ
ϷϷӣʵʵϷʮ֮˾Ŷᷢʵ֮УҪǰϷӵľõʵԼС˻͵ĴǴ
ţڴУò׼ٹץסѲߵĶݿ϶ϽʾˡֻôһΣɲԥţҧҧͷ̣һڽ˵ƻͨʡ
ݡ
Ǳס˲ӣţ˫ĿԲɣδȫڵĻô˺
Ŀɿڴվһ亹Ӻð˳
һƬǽ壬ɴ㵹ƬһأůƤ̺ϣǷֲŰ߲Ѫһıʯ̴ľĴűߡ
½󳨵ڲԣѪ˿˫ĿʺԹ޵صŲ֮ͣߺͶ⣬иɺԵںѪۡԶŻµĺۼ
й巵ӳע󲻿ԵĴӣʱȴڻĽҰ룬СһΪ˫۵ҲûУģֻޱߵĮ
͵ţԭأӳʲϵӰ
˭ڣ
һȰ׵ĳؽŲ
ţһ飬͵ػعתͷʡ
д̿ͣ׽ס
˯ӪѹһյһյĵƹӪ
껹ڼ
ʮһطˮԽļˡ
֮ŽͣļĬڵһ˴ˡ
㿴ǰͣϸ˵΢Ц
ϧ
˵
ˡ


281 
˲õԤС
ѱôˣͳ
Ҫ𣿡
ǴĻʵ, ӵֳ˵ѵⲻء
ҵӡ
Ȩ, ˵ҲҪ޵һ³, Ļ֮ƽ, 㣬ôôҪ
ԭҵӡؿ, Ǳ½, յΪԽǸ޳֮ˣù, ƻͻ, á
׼ҵ˻ûյʹĸУ׼ѹ㣡
ͷװİȻĻ֮УС͵һ, ǲ̧ͷҲ, ˮͷ, ۽ճۣһֻڴоʧʪȡ
ɫ΢΢һ
Ǳ, ҪҲñ, ׼Ҳһ̼, ֮飬Ᵽ
ɱˣʮȷԼ˿ѾǧΡ
ǹɱĿǧ, ̧ͷҲ̧ͷ
Խ, 洿, ˣŻǵơҽȺ빫ϲ̸һΣȻ˵ʱȻȵԸӭ½
Դˣֻ֡
òҪ
ᷳԾؿǰһ˲ŵĸ㣬ԽԼ׵ѡʮȷ
ͣżҹ˾ʱҲʡһذյǷ̫޳ܡ
ŷ֣б޳ܵˣ
֪ԼҪɶˣ˿Ƶ֪ûУ
Ÿı֪ո˵ÿһ֣Ƿģ㲻
޳̶ֳܵȣ͸ʰ·硣
ȵԼֻǹ䷢ǰҲԼֻǴȨȣԽҲԸ㣬һʼϳ㲻Ǻˣ׼Ҹǡ˻鶼ͳˣ˭ĲˣˣӰѻⳡ£ʼնһǿ󣡡
ɫᶨηĴҲûû
Ȼ֮УܷݣɫȴԽԽѿ
ǹƻۣ
ˣ
ƭ̧ۣĿֱָе͡
ӣ
ֵ̧أͷ߳˳ᡣ
£ת˲ʪ͸Ŀ´䡣ˮ˳ǲϵ䡣԰ֱɰ˺ۣˮϴˢĿġ
ֻҪˣȻͻػ졣˵
ĴΣŭ
㿴ŭɫ
ӽĵһҾ֪вµҰġϧҰı˽ۣʼյòչհǰ˺ҹ˼ʧܵԭ򡣡
ɱ㡣˵ǵڽɱ㣬֣㲻ᷢ
˵ɱˣҲᰮ㡣
ɫȻȥǲ߽ĹӼ棬ڴϴ䡣
סڡӸĴм㲻䡣
۲ǣʴϻۣĿ۵ݣɫޥԡ۲ǣ۵ݡ֮£˿빫ȼ硣ҡλ꣬˵ҲӦ
شһŵ빫ȼˣ˿̾վǰ
šš촽һЦ
ƾ㣿
ǰǲ䡪ͦţ̹Ȼغ͸ţ뷽跨ˡԼ֪Լһҧиҽӽˣ
㲻׼ÿ׼ѣ׼Ϊ֪Լ䲻ͺ飬֪Լ䲻뾡һа취Ĺԣһ°ൽֵز㻹ʲôˣǹҪί
㡪
ɫױˣɱżѿ¸
Ǿ԰ɡһһٵҰɱˣȻ֪˭˭֣Ⱥ
һ£иҾһ붯Ҳ˾䡰֡ʿһţҵɱһʱǹ
͵ĿֻһˣĿҲֻһˡ
һһصײһ𣬷ɫѥԲͷѥһһ㡣
ְ꣬ټϺδиյĶǼɣһ˿Ա⡣
һ˶ûʹȫ˶ܵ˶ԷϴĲСѹ
㡭ѹȵĿŸ㣬ôˣ
Ұѱôˣѱôˡ˵ҹ֮ȫ¶֪ǰݵ·ϣǧɱ֮֡ûˡ֮õȥ𣿡
ɫأҧʵҲɱ
һԴĹǸϵ֧Ψһ֮ˣԱ²˵˵ˣҹ֮ȫ¶֪ϡ
ʩѹĵڰв˭ҲԸò
Щʱûʧ֮󣬼ҲҪһ᣿Ͷ۾
һ˲
ͳô˻ᣬ͵ؽѹеĽڿӽյʱſֹס
ع޵Ŀϡ
壬Ӻζ
һЦı壬ô֪˵ʲô
㣬Ȼˡ
ͲԸˡɨļĺҰͷҶĴֻƿɿ˳ˮ¡ģη꣬ͷ
ʱֻ˾͸ĵ
Ψ˳˳ˮķܱȽý죡
㲻ͬͷϻջضŵĳĵкͷĹ
.
һ߷أһӱȥ
Ƥױھӱ߿£
޸֮ʮԾ˵˴󷽣Է˴ȥв͡һ߽ŵعƣһƵƵͷοȥҾֻܹٿһЩһЩ
ӳ֣Ҵһգ۵ĹͿ£˺ӱߡ
ϴ죡죡ڴҾֻļʸŴˮγµĻڴϡ
ֻðż½ǴʱʱмˮУһҽС
ͺdΧеǴ
ˣղΣҪ´ɱµ̿ͣ
һŭȣͺdѹ֪δ̽һѵϣƤ׺·ѣһ޵ĺӿ˳
d״ŭһǴѵһÿ͵Ϯ͵Сͷ­׵ĻĽһأҲŪdеǴҲͬʱ˦еǴһŭһ߻
ҽѪ׷ɣҾµӲݣ޻֮صһƬ
Ķңͷسdȥ
dزסҾ˷ĻᡣǳڵǴȥ꣬ŬǴ롣ֺ͸һ𣬼ʮĹ֮ͻƸķأһҼ硣
ӣ̲סһ
ϴ
ǿܹdò£۽ƳһĻģ֮ӭľһš
ڰһѪصŢõؿdıӰɿԾ˴
ߵˣߵ𣿡
ޱ飬ճٴγѪҼһֱ£ڵˮˮɢɫ
ͺȻһЦµһӵֵˡ
ԸĽгֱŸĲȥ
һ׼ѣһ׼
ĵľǸҲͬھ
ڱ䵶мȲһ̣ɫˣæطҪ㿪һҲͬʱͺԥתڽһҾ
ˣ
ȸعѾԭ֣Լ˿ϱߡ
ݣһƥ׳Ŀ֮˸гĹΧ
뿪
һ֧֧ڴŤ˵ļ˹ȥҲ֪ûУ͵Ӱꡣ
ۼСҲŷ֮㣬ѸһʧںӱߣĿⶨͶӵķ
׷


282 
ҵ׷ٸѡ
ϸĴ·Ҫµĵ, ǰڰʱסɭּεķ絽ϣͻȻһ㴩ÿ˵֮С
ʮѵصױŢвӡһ·׷ϡ
ˮһȺ䵴
һ·ڵʱ, ӡȻʧˡ
ս, Ŵͣ
ױѸ̽ʣµ͸һ, ϡǵ, ˾Ѱ, ƵƵͣڸ˵Ҽ硣
ѪȾɫ, ֱˮϡ, ֳӸոտʼõĺںɫ
ɫˮ˳Ÿ԰׵ָǵɫӲ, СĹδš
ҹ, һҪɥڴˡ
, Ųʧˡ̽ӡױ첽˻
̧˳м·˳ȥˮ˳ںڵĽë
ҪӣȻܲС·ȥ, ·һƽ̹, ӲݴխС·һͨɽһͨҪ뷵, 뾭򡣡
ɫ, 
ȫ㼣, ֻһƥǰ, һߵϻµӡˣٶȱ㲻̫죬Ϊ˲׷ϣҲһֱˡ
ǰΧһػӡ³֡
һױ֮ǰױױһ·ϸϸ·Χڵ˿
ȻһͨС·ϵױ
ҵˣӡ³ˣƺˣѪĴڣ
һ˦
׷
һȺٴηɳҹµС·ϡ
ϱ꣬ڹİĴϺ졣
¸սǵʱ򣬸һ׷ŴѪӡɽ֣צ֦ǵٶȡԭΪֻʱû뵽ԽԽƫϵӡڣʹ֦ȴݲϵͨˡ
ױγǰ·ϿЩ·֦ڡ
ǰҵ֦⣬üͷԽԽ
ڣɽ·һССĿյسǰһƥŸҾ־·ĿŲӣѪβϵ䣬Ⱦ˵ˮ
мˡ
ɫ䣺͸ûͨ·
һ㼣յΪԼ·ʵȴߵɽ·
ɽȫͱڣǶûмֻֻҪԽɽܺߵĴӻϣˮ·ݣ
תͷԭ·أɽȥ
ػ·ڣһи̤ͨɽС·ʹһ
ˣˣˡӪˮˣ
һǰŵ򣬶Ҫ˵ĻѾµ˴š
ױӳ㲻˵Ϊǳһ
˵ʲô˵㣡ô꣬ôˮ
ǡġزӲ֪ģͻȻˮںڣˮǵĽʿ𣬵Ч΢ǻаţһմȾ˵ϣֱյͨ役ڣŻὥϨ𡭡
ˡױӳ¶ɻʶ㡣
촽ɫѿ
ɫ桪
ǲͻͣ׼Ը͵ģ
ױӳµɫûڵɻĬĬС
ӪＷŤ
һʼˡ
ûȥҲûɽȻ죬ѡͨӪĴ
̫Լ̫Ӫˣ
֮󣬷·뽫նϡµĿΪϵ˫յ̫ʹİ
ڿгƿ֮µĿʹвٴٶȡ
һ·ɳۣһڸϻӪ
ûӪشţȼյĻϵÿ˶ɫ
㷭첽Ӫشš
Ŀ֮ÿһţ϶Ÿʽʢˮ󣬼ҴҵŻĵطȥңҪҵ߸޻̸֮
ˣҪױӳԥ
ȫӪˡ
𡭡
𲻵ġ˵ŻĵطȫӪˡ
ӳڸϣѪһĺ˸һҼ˿ڴľʹʹɱĶһ㣬ϡ֮ʢʵĽʿܿĸӿŲ뿪һط
͡ҹһ
ǰƯĻҽһ㣬૳ڵֵᣬͬþٵź޲ýһʳƤޣǳԽһеĺ⣬֮ҪΪ֮·ɱ⡣
ζţֻҪɱ
κδۣһҲϧľġ

ң
ð·ͺȻ˸硣
զˣʦ˰ҪҪҰ·һͲţǵһ䡣
׳ͷţôֱ̧˲ӣֵ϶ʦ߶ӡ
ʦ϶ǵʦˡţ˵ոҪʦۻңһ֪ҪôӳҲֻʦ˴Ӫּ顭ƣʦ
ӳʲôá͵˵ʦ׸类ˣһûҪô
ʦһˡţ̾˿ҿʦǰԭԭʦɡֲʦɱģʦֱ˵ͺˣ
ֱ˵ҲҪʦܲܽܣֲľưԴֻܿϰ죬׸磬ÿ޳ȥͶȻ
ţʦ˵޾ųӣĬĬ졣
½üͷ
һǲǾܾˣ
ͷԺжݵһ£漴㱻ѹ
Ѿ˵飬ʹӲȥ
ȻѾˣҲֻܽʵҲֻܽܡߵһҪǲˡټϽһ⣬ȸ㽫֮ߵͷǶ֮ľսҲͽǰ
һŽ󼴽ٵ⣬һ߷ɳҹ֮С
СˣҰÿŢСͷһĨǰӵ·˳
һո·ںͳ˴뿪ϡ̵˴γɹȻûܳɹȼݣ߱ˮõķ룬ڸʲôʱ߾ʲôʱߣ벻ڣûôҪֻҪ룬ҵôһܴ˻ˮõϡ
ҹŵǰѻøҲͷۡ
Ҫ͵͵ͻʹݣĿԶ׼ΪݳǣΪˣֻһաͻһȼ𣬳չһУ֮ͻͣչݡ
ڰ·ͻͣչغݣʯͷԼĽţưͳԻζȻܹܼա
󲿶ʧأݶϾټ谱Уһ϶ǰʦس
Ͳһ㣬֮ıǰķһ·УǵִݵͬʱҲ˴Ӫݡţ͵ϭͨʰء
֮ǰһƪϭѾͨ׼Űȫص·ݵ˹С
ƪϭıʰһƪֱ֮
ʿ˵ʰϵƣֽϵࡣ
ƽ˵ʰϵֽ࣬ϵơ
Ƕ˵ʰϵϭĳٴ죬⣬˲ɶõļƷǿȥʮҲδʶ˶ԼҲһͷˮ
һƪϭľͲͬˣһϿڵĶʫУʵ޻ͷɵ
޳㣬ɱ˻ʵۻܡ
Ѽĳһ򡣡
ҪϣǸ
һȥȱе
Դƪǰ޹˺ߵϭ֮󣬴ͷɵҵµȤÿÿʫһűһ֣ҡͷԵ

ʵ


283 
ʮ³, ʵĹڽʱ޽ĻҴᡣ
δ֮꣬ƽҲ㿵˭Ҳᴥùͷ, ˵ǻڽ޸ɣȻ, һڻصǰ, ȼݱô죿
ûԼ̫á
Ļ, ǴĹѨʽ˵ǴཨĻʵۡ
餷ˣҲˣΪױµĹ֮󶼲֪, 谵򾿾ΪΣ˸׷
, һ޾, ΣǵҸ
ʳǱƺѾɱϻ, Ļֻһ˶, ֧ǻһЩϵԶģ, ҲÿǸҲ
㻹ڽݱͬȺ֧ʵѡЩڵĻ֧ȿֺرʾԼԺζ, ²λҪ󲡣ӡܸé®, ǵĴ𸴶û
ǧǧ, һ˼Ұ, Ҳʵۡ
ʮ³ʮȺſڣҴϻͬϣȵصŹ֮˴ص
ŽգȺˮδ㲻̻ܴ֮ͬĥȰȴ˳ûϻۡ
ƴǣκʢȴʮ³ʮ𹬣ĸҲӭ󹬣Ϊ̫
ǻ䣬պ󡣰»ʵ˼ǻʽһɴӼƽ޴ӵ֪ǻȫòֻܴӵ;˵֪»ϻٹǰԣӭԽΪΪ̫ӣԴ˽λϻ塣
»ʰ䷢ĵһʥּȫڶʹΧ͡
⸵ƤӵµľٺϻûãܲλӣÿطʵȨĸڶʹһʥּûãԸִҪ
ܲ緭̣ҲҪ
ǻϢݣպԪһ졣
ݵһ죬ҼһҪزĵŴӡըʹб˰ʱһ˳Ա㣬Ҫֵի죬ֽ۵ºװֽĴߵݺոϵڡ
Ԫڣһ塣ǳիİգҲ֮ɫ
˭Ҳ֪ݵĴʱͻ
Ļ̡̻
׼ԽѳµҪŴӺ׾ƵϣҪһãŽĶԲߡ
ʮʵȨټȫؿĵطóȻӦսһһӵĽɤ˵
˵Ҫô죿ʡ
Ψйݣһ
صһʱزһüˡ
ǹھȻû˻رܵĵһʼûֱξ֮󣬲ͽص㶨ڹ⡣
Ϸ𱱷ûôأļңǽԼĵ̾飬ûһĵ
ο֪飬ֶ飬кֵܴһȥϰ˵ȴ©ȱķԡ
кθ߼ӵĽʡ
ڽݣ࣬䱸Ҫ䱸Ƿǳܹһ£ݾҲ̫ԶˣȽݱԮݲܵȵ˵
θ͵Ŀ⿴أͬ˵С󣬹ǲеġ
ҪûСĶıӵĽ
Ϊθؿء
ûУȥ衣˵ˣ϶಻ˡ
û˰Σٴοڵ˵ĵ˾ѣµһĵЩѡʱûµڶ
θĺһ仰˵ĺڶʹͰ׼߶Ķ̰࣬ƺɫһԡ
ڰθԵİװƬ̣Ҳ˵
ֻҪó㹻׽аս
룬Ҳ˵ڶʹǸεϳ˵Ӧܻ֧֡
Ӣڶʹڰһ϶ҪǿøԴţͶֵд
ڰз⣬ѵгˣ
ͽһôҼϢһ𻹻ȥ˵
ض˶٣û˼ѣӢľ䱸ɱ˴ڰΪصľʦĵܵܺ¡Ѫ𣬿²һϢܻġ
Ǿôˡ˵׼Ҹ㶨ڶʹ㶨ڶʹӸ㶨ӢϹ
İٱֱӽö
ݽƻеһڵ㣬ƾڵľĸ㵥üȥʯͷھĵ֮Ѱѡ
ֲܴϵ˵ƾһʹߣһżһҲĳʵ
ڶգ·԰װΪ׵ĲƴֶӴŴǰȥ캣ڶʹĴţشһݳɫĹ֯Ƶ鼮ƺƵȥݷòڶʹʣһ͡Ҳ֪ĶģûҲûͰװ̸ݶգŴżݲֵǮزȥӢڶʹڵĶ
ȿʼ̸Ǹ𺣸ڶʹİװھݲԶݣȥҪ˼աڶʹ󣬰װǳʾԽķӡ⣬ΪԽңһ޴ľѺ󣬺ڶʹͬ׼ԤӦ٣˷
һݾܵһӭأͷ׵Ĳڶʹһرݺᣬĳ߻ûߵǰȹعȥ
ض񣬿ɣ
һǰؾæ³˸
ʿأ˵ֻ᲻ͣʣ˫ֲϡ
Ҳˡ
⼸꣬ˣֺڴŹ֮
֮󣬿һ·Ҳֻһʡ
һĴĺˣȻΪ˴ݺᡣ
ûл˵׼õЩ˵֮ʣʾ͸Ĵ𸴣£ƾº
ˣԾ˵֮ĺߺڶʹŴһ뷴صȻ֮ãԼڳݶգŴţǰߺݡ
ѾŴܼãУҲҪ˵ʱҪս
ڵȵģĽ


284 
һ·ʮţƤǺѼ, ɽԽ룬߱߳ԣһֱԵԼĻ̸صس, ţƤǺѼȻѻɽ
ڻ̸صӪȴյӢԭ׼˲û뵽ɫûȥ, ˸ɫһıŤصٵ͵ˡ
Ͷն֮, ƤЦָʹ·ַѼţƤǡ
ҲҪ, ÿ˶, ÿ˶а
һģŻմѼ, 鲻м, ЩѼ, ȫǲֵǮ⡪ƾҲɢǴ򷢽лô
ϳ, ϵ˵ɲͨѼţƤǡǷԽˮǧɽʳؾݸɮţʦѼţƤǡ
Ӣʿһɵؿ
Ҫ˵һٻ׵ƽָͷ, ָ췢ĵţƤǺѼ, Ǿǽҽͷ֤, б伢ǿ塢ٵعЧҪλ̸ҪҶһ
ӢʿǻǰŰ, ѾĶĽʿеѼţƤǾٵǰ, ᲻عһ¡
Ǵڽأš
ڰȫĿ, ̸ѡӢڶʹϽµıԵУ˫̸صıó٣ӻ̸صӢȷʵһԼ
ǽءһѼһ±ӵӢѿڶ
ģ˵һۣĻ˹æίɺȫȨ̸񡣡
ǵĺʲôط˵
šüеѼ佻һԵСԵתӪȥ
ͺԥ̧Ÿϣɵ̬ԼҺ԰һ㡣ĸߴd󣬺ضરવؽһţƤǡ˾ˣʿȫ䱸ضܵӢֽϵĵѣʱȴӦԿܵΣ
͵˴һդǰͣҪͽװֻܴdһ˽ȥͺֹĿ飬հʡ
ڶһˣĽǸһŮ͵Ŀ޵ɨŮȽ̺һøģӦǺĵطԡǡʵѾ塣
Ͳ°㣬ֲסЩ°
µˣӳǰվ޵Ŀ⽫ϵ¿˸顣
ˣ͹˹֡
궨ؿǰˬֵ̹꣬Ǽνƻ׷Ūϵˡ
͡һһֵؽڳݼĥ¶һĨЦҲǾĴ
ҵҵĳһ֮ıȵϳѾõĺ˰͹ֱʾҵȴ˵ı顣
Ͳ˾ͻزȥ𣿡
ҪҾסҲǲԡ˵˲ض㿴ǰڽݡݡݡЩطͦá
Ͷ˶٣ȻϳŶһ
ϧڲôˡ죬˵ҴԺݱˮˣݱ˶ˣݱ͵ˡҿǶرɭϣ϶ǵ·أӦҲסġҷһġ
ôţǲҪҳסҪҳסһͻݡ
æˣϵ˵Խʶ㣬߹ô㣬չǸŮӡеŮӰ㣬轫ȥ׵ĺá
˵ҲеԹԵǰʲôʱʼ̸
ڡڽæھѽ̸һȫȨʲôҪ󣬾ֱ˵ɡ
ҵҪ󣬼򵥡˵ӢַԸǸĵµһֻҪ֣κβǡҳǰҷ˵ݾĵ
Ǵݺĵüͷһ壬ʶ˵
ԣݺ˵Ҷ»едж
ҡ
˵ǶǡҪ˵׵ġͶȻǶǲͱ㿴˳ۣ˭
û˵
ҪǸȷʵǲһӮնûǣһʰľǡʱǾ֣Ҳûܰˡ
Ͳˡ˵飬Ȼа취
а취ʣ׵ģ
꣺
Ϳź꣬꿴͡
εļĬ󣬺꽫ոյĻڼĨ֮ܽܶǡڽΪְ͢أ͢޶жĥɱ¿أ
ȥ˴ڰҡ
¿ȫȨ˵ǽ˼
Կ
ûͣ˵ʲôǡ
Ϊʲô
ƺˣ֮ʲôԨԴЦ㵱ɱ׵ܣӢʱ򣬿ûҪӢһ졣
ô˭뵽︹̣ǰֻһطɽأ˭֪Ժпһ죿
زȵţʺ޵ʱ뵽ᱻ˽ݷ
ȡеǲʶ͵ԵҿǸӣǾͽΪֵܰɣȻʧȥһܵܣõһ磬ôҲܸοĵһʹ
ͣ޿̴ĻɱѪף˳𲻱ҺĲΪˡʹݣҲɱ㣬ΪԸڽ϶֮Ѫ𣬾޿ܻ⣡
Լ˽ΪǷԡ
ǵִ֮ǰѾ˾뷽跨˫֡
ӢشԶԶģֲȢԽһ㣬͸ж֮ޣȸ󣬼ǳϢĿģҲһڳǻļڶԶ䣬ˣֺαȥۏƬˮ
һ򲽣ʹ֮Ӣ֣Ҳƾڽ书ΣӢҲǺ޷֮
˵˵ȥǲ͵Ը
ɱͣҲ̫ˡ
ҪؿԼɽҪؿߵѣһһڵ˵ĵ£Ҫؿ֮ǰˣйͷ֮ޣ
ˣο֮飡
̫ϧˡ̾˿һԶ˸ֶŮڿֻٻˡ
ʲôֶŮüһ塣
ֶŮȻܵܵŮмܵܣ˵
ٿ˵ЦСĽ߲񡣡
Ų㡣ʼ磬ν˵ҪǲϣҾʹֶˣͽ顭


285 
ҺҵѪ, ôܸѿڶ侲ҺѪ, Ȼ, ҺҸ󡣵ô֤Ƿµĺӣ
˶, Ŀⶢָͣ˵Ϊ˴˶ͼƭҡ߲
dŭĿӣһ·¹
dʯͷһֱۣź, ɫɵ
˱˵ĵ, ҶҪЩء׵ܵܵѪѵ㻹ϲ⺢ҲˣҪһ棬Ҳܰһ
û˴˵
ҪǴ, ӻûȥ۾һֱ׳ӢӦ֮ǰ, Ƕҵľ
һû
һҴ壬Ӵ˲ǸҲ, ĶƤ˿ƵˣǿѹסԼķŭ, ȴڲסŭ۵״, ɱˣӰǧΡ
Ȼ˵Ƿµĺ, ҵȻһ档˵
ΪȷϺǷ׵Ѫ, ɵĺӶתΪ, پӪء
ԼãֻǼһ档
Ǹһ棬ͱסˡ
̲סţŮͯһһԸҲһס
ˣ˵õģֻǼһ档˵ҵľɱˡ
нţ䣬һر飬Сشǰۿİӡ
꿴Ǻ׵Ƶݣ֪ģߡ
ƽӾߣӡ㼸ˣ
Сˡ
˭ʡ
ˡ˵
ССŮͯƺ֪Ϊû˿ˡ
꿴ͣ߿ڵǴ¥ŮɣкԸºӣһԼ
ⲻܣ겪Ȼŭ²ˣ֪ˡŮ˺ӣҲΪӳֵط
ΪŮɷֻеʱѾҲܵˡ˵ʱѾͶˡ
˵
Ů뿪¥ʱ޷ȴֻУַھ֪ĹȥҲԸֻûб磬ȥ˭ʶĵطıò¾ŮȴҲ²ÿˡ¾ڽˣΪ顣
ôҵģʡ
׼ű£ϢҲͨ¡һ˻򵥣˵
Ĭˡ
תͷǰСˣԽ׵ܵӰԽࡣһĵۣһ̱ǣһӣС죬µΪŮ࣬ŻһֱԺͬ۸Ϊ˻ػЩ˵ķͳЦŻϷ˵ĵ·
֪̳òĺǸŮȻʮϲɡ
㸸׵ֳԽҴ󲮡һϺ¶һĨᣬھļϣ˵ӽԺһ㸸һչ㡣Ըһؼ𣿡
˿ֿ꣬˿һԵͣӵص˵ͷ
꿴סС֣¶οɫ
ҴߺӣϡվͶ˲ָĮ֮ĶԹδһʹ
סͲΪص˵ͷȰ⵹㣬ƾɱңǾû¡
뿪Ӫء
ͿڰڵĶȥת˺ɪɪĲt¥
d󣬰ؽһƬ֪˭ıҶţһɻ󣬰˰Ҳûĥ̲࣬סڵɻ
ʦ׼Ūڶ̶̼ڣȫΧҶһӣ
֪֣֪֪࣬ⶼڼҳΪ׼ɰ˵
Ǿզ
Һ²֪ûеĺѣҸ񺫷µĺӻ򵥣ںô˽ͷ˵Ϊܸݵǹ¶׼ҴѰһòĺӲѴ֮
ӲǺµģţʧɫʦͲǷ֣Ȼһŭ֮»Լתǰ
ǻʲô£ؼұźȿͷͲм׽ûˣںò׷µΨһѪʵ飬Ʒ飿ڱκ˶֤ǺѪˡǣǺꡣ
ƶ˵ֻҪô룬ҵɽ¶š
ʦţķڷո˵һеѧء
˶٣ţȻ뵽ʲô˵С˵ʲô˵İɣ
˵ĺ統ҡСˡ˵
һμ⺢ӵ龰
Ŀһǰľɫ޺֮ǵðա
ȥش͵⡣
ʵǣԸԸȥشȴǡȥ
һ̣;֪Ҫҵˡ
صʺһÿͿûӸߵľŽż⣬ŬʰµĲյ
ˣЩ˵
Ҳ໰ĬĬ˲յվǰ
ٹգҪ뿪ǰˡ˵󲻺ڣҪǲߣһ취¡
ڡԥ
Ϊʲô
Ҳٶˡ̧ͷֱֱؿͣҲ۸
СŮҫĻ⣬ǿҵľġ
͸˫۾һʼҲҲǷݼ͡
ãҸ㡣˵ܲܰסͿԼˡ
յš
ֹգʹεױӢڶӢڶʹڰ״λ档
̸һʼӢӪУսţ̸̸ţͬμӻ̸ĺҲûŪףľôͱ˻ȭľ
˵¶ǧľƺ׵һߣճʱֺ˫Ե˷öᣬ²ʡ졣
ͺʹڰ˯һһҹ󣬵մͷ۶һջ裬Ҹп᲻١
һʱ۸ؾӣһʱطĿʱԶŮ˵ϲãһʱˡžͰЭԼӸ˫ţҾƺȥˡ
ӢֹԺڽڲ𶯡ԭͲᶨɸҡڣݸȡ˰̬ȡ
ףڰǿҲУǴǾҪ࿼һˡ
µһӲǰ׵õģ͡ڰꡪ˻ǿǻǿҲǴ紵ġ
˭Ҳ뵱Σյǰ䡣
ͳɹʹڰֵĵ£ҲΪȡߺڶʹֶ֧Ŭš
пʵĵشŻһǧټϲṩǧƺƵִߺء
ϣܵߺڶʹŴӴ
ڿʵУһʱֺǺǵӣԸºͣӣϺͿıϡǼȴ֣⼸¶ⶣŴһɽǡ
ָоŬ˵ŴֵͬĹԽǿңˣƺĽӰҲ˵Ĳ
ڤڤ֮УһڴߴݣͺҪʲôһ
һշת˯Сҹİѩߵߣصд
кǣ
˵ܷŲʲôõҪƵġسĬƬ̺˵ôãҲ֪ôˡ
ѩ꣬ûд𻰡
ԭΪҪοԼˣû뵽дµȴǣȻˣºβ̷ݣ
ڣһɽŴǱߣҾᶨкܴĿ£ߡ
ķԹͳΣ¼ʱ뿪Ҳп״ܹȰ˵ŴͶѩɫţºβԼֱ
룬ᶨ
ڶһ磬Ŵ֪ȥ⡣Ŵ⣬ҪΪС
˵⼸սŴûȷǷҪֿдһֱܵǿڿʵϣҲԾܾ
Ϊصļ֣Ͷʱʱ֡ڽʢĽϣȻͼȡýŴ֧֣ҲǿڿʵķϣĿڴ˽Ŵ
˵ĶģߺȻ֧һԹɵº¹Ըһ֮Ŵһɫ˵ѾȨиҾ֧֣ƾߺͲ֧֣Ҫ»ǡ
ȻֻߺͲ֧֣ӢѾӦֻ֣ҪķͬЭȫսʤˡŵˣ飬һǣȻ־֮ʿվһͬġ
ǵĻԼߣվͷѵûһ˿ԥ𣿡
ԥ
Ŵæ͵¹ٴǰº͸ȽĴţվ¹ֻǵģҪ񣬵»Ϊȥ
Һ͸֮䲢ꡣضȻֻǴš
Ŵɫ΢ĬƬ̣˵ڴΣ֮Ȼܲ׹֮ǽüֻǡûʧܡ
ɹҲʡغԥǴĹǰѾٻ󣬺ȻΪĴ²Ϲᡣˣ
ŴؿϺȻӿͰû֮ɫ
Թɫľһ̺ȻоǿҵΣУʯ䣬Ȼ򡪡бĲݣǽ𻪣
Ȼʵɲǣ΢ĽŲ
һϤӰźת˳
īɫĿ´䣬忡䵭ӡ
㵲ס˴սĹ⡣
Ӱ԰׵ϡ
Ŀ·ˣйټůգȴ׹ѣþˡƺйƬ̺غ֪Ӧٵ
ߺڶʹѾͶ˸㡪
мˡ
վſڣһɫƣ۵ȴγ
֮䣬΢𣿡


286 
ճǰԼ, غÿնụĳһⱨƽļš
ǰ˵δϹ
ʮ¶ʮʱصȴٳû͵С
ûУ̶һ, ͵ڰ˴ζױʵ
, ʱûСױΪѵ, Ҫȥʣ
ˡ졣
ϣͣӪկŵ;ʲô, ʱҲ׷ϴ󲿶ˡͱ˫֣̫үƵվʱӪصĴǰ, üԶĿһ˵ɽ·ͷ
һˣȥ̽̽ûͷԸŵùױӳ
ױӳ˽ѲһȦ, ȻûдʹϢ
ȵͷ, ͸õȻӰ
ͿڵŵƵͷ, üۿصһš
һţոдڽŬ˵ߺڶʹŴ֧֡
Ŵ֮ǰʮڶʹвȲڰһаԵҲǰ㼵, ҲǢǰ̸ڵҴ, Ҫͼ벻ôһˡ
ŽŴſ, ءһ˵, ҲŽŴ
, ڽʧ, ǽŴҲѲ˹ϵ
Ͳȵ˯һ, ڶһûصš
, ûС𻰵ױѾΪÿζǷ񶨻شԼ
ŹǷţ˳һ۾Ϳױվ⽻̸ͣɨһױΪѵɫ˵ʲô
ʦҲ̫ˡʦŪˣ㻹飿ߵ·̫ˣۡҿŵ϶ҲΪٶȡٵȵȣָ͵أ
ţ䣬ӪشŷʹһС
ˣˣ
һëëС־ż㼱æ
ʹǰнӹż㣬²𿪶
ţ뿴־òʣֻ۰Ͱ͵վһԣͿٸ
һĿʮп֮ϸϸؿ˺ü顣
ţȻûɿüͷСʦ˵ʲô
˵Щص¡˵ŴӦϿˡ
Ǻѽţϲæ׷ʣʦû˵ʲôʱݣ
ŴСסգ£⣬ҪʵϵһЩϸ⡣
ҲҪ˶ãţ˵ӽ𻪻ݱǸ죬ָǻûʦѾȻء
ױӳʱС˹ʾǷ԰Ӫˣ
͵ĿȻͣפżϡ
ϺصıʼԴҲǵһܹͨϵ˴죬ǽ;Щ֡
ŵû˵Ϊʲô٣ʡ
˵ˡСȻǰʹʱɽ˴߲죬˲ųһЩ
Ϳżû˵
ױӳһᣬţͶȥһۡ
ţɤӣ˵ʦٹһϻͳˣε㿴
ͽ뻳Уڶ˼
ɡ

Ŵȷһ㣬ߺܰҹֱ壬벻̼²ڡ֢ܿ࣬ҩ˵գŴɿڣӦ뷴
ʼס
΢̧̧ۣԶ޺ɨһۣȻɿϼһ仰һ㣬дճĶ
ȫдֽ֮ңˡ
΢紵ӹԲȸſ֦⣬˿֦һŽƵĿҶ
޺ϱĿС˫ۡ
Ƭһ͸ıɫīɫ£ڽ׵ϯϡ㿿齼ߣֳͷһ˯˺һᣬۺȴźէѺ첻ɵѺ侲
ϵ·ɫĵɫ࣬صĽǶȣǡֱܿɰһ˺ۡ
ùɫƽº͡
֪
һںвԼǧֻֽߵ޺ǰžذĵ齼ϡ
Сֽ
κſ˿ڡ
صᵽɤۡ
䣬˵õģһһҾһɾȥҪ˵
Ϊʲô
˵ˣ̧ͷֱŭﲻҪ漰Ҳ֪Լ˭֪СǣֻҪݵźţ
Ȼй˵ΪұҪݣǰҾͶԶڴǴʱһֻɡ
Ǿ͵ɡ㲻ΪشĻзʺȥŽҲ١
޻˵
ţм䰵ƾα⣬ҲҪɾȥ
ĿβǾµĶͣƬ̡
ؽŵö˺
Ƭ̺ŲĿ⣬еֽ˵ȥɡ
װ߷߲ƽӣֽصǰдȴѣĶ׼Ļӣİʵ俴ƽĶ
ʹҲȥ᰺ˮôˣһ綼û˼ʮֳĹģȴδ˵
һڸв¼ĳţβҲôһ仰
ܲİ
ܡ
磬벻ԼҪδӽ䱸ɭϵĸߡ
廹ϣùһΣڶξͲˡĺҩ͵Ϯ죬οһ޲۾ϵش粽ؿ
Ҫƾһ˵ӳ죬޷롣
ûãһױǰפľѾðӪ׼Ƽˡ
رһصСʱ˿̣Ѿٳ֮Ϊˡ£ҲǴ¡س˷ͶĿ⣬ñ߻
ѩߣֻͬһûɣ뿪ߣߣʱвڰ˸Ůʱ̿أصʤ
ͣͣ뽨ԽԽصҲԽԽ
Ѱҿɳ֮ȴʼûиᡣ
ЩӣóԺúȵдţߵ˴֣˿ҵѾϻλĸҲδҪй֮һΪ¡
ӽݺ󣬸һפˮˮݣʣ·;ա
ˮŵĵڶһ磬رһŵİѩҡˡ
֣д£
ˮΧˣ


287 
һӾʹӲ˯ѹ
˵ѩ˶, д£оϣɫɷͼ
صӴ
ץ¼ϵ, ڰѩİæҴãҴҵƿš

ѼһĴ󵶵ס·ޱ, 
˵ֻܴڷڡ, صصͷ˵
ÿŭ
ְˡѴ
ŭλǰ೼, ĸ߹Ȼͷ·Ѵ󵶳ȥ
ѩ󷢳һʧı, ӳҲɫ
Ѵؽӽʱ, ŵ˿ȥ
ҿ˭ңͣ½Ųתŭӳ㵵, 
ӳ, Ųֻǰһͣ
ѩæ׷, ׺Ϊ䱸ܵ
س嵽ǰԺʱ򣬺˴ӵĸ˸档㴩°ɫ˿ʳ, ΧɫĴСԱ, ƽؿһۣŷ
Ȼ, Ǳһ߰ɡ˵꣬תȥߵһɹԱ, Ҷ࿴, æ׷ĽŲ
ҧҧ, Ҳȹ׷ȥ
˸󣬳ͷת˸ǰʻȥ
͸ֽüͷչؿųӿȺȨƵƽͷսв£ŵʰϸһӣҲһ´ĺʵ죬СоΧ෴ȥ
ĳΪǰ·ĽʿһߴߺȣһõѴ³ƿƽŮ˵ĺкͺͯĿڶ
ƿһ죬Եص֪
ȥˣһᣬͷ󺹵֪ߣһ߼ĽŲһֺõЦݣ΢кҪ£
㿿ǰ˫أ֪΢΢ſڣˮǷ񷢲ʾմڼв
ˡˡ
ȻѾʾϵʲô
֪һ㶣˵ˮİգоСûʲôʶи紵ݶͻŵòУ¼¡
Ѿ֮ǰ£ӵɢηսֵСǴ󡭡˵ʲôǷ񻹻޼£
֪ͷĺˮԽԽ࣬ͷҲԽԽ͡
΢ҡҡ΢ͼ֣Ȼʱڣά
۲˵ͷ󺹣½Ѿ֪ʪ͸֪ͣ½Ųսսع
սսС
֪ǰδеЧʵһɷĵåЩåŲĸУٻضηİյգвͱһᣬԭӵĴϾֻʣ·̯λĴƬһֻ˲֪ٽŵĲѥǰ
ѹõĲѥǰʻȥ뻮һܲڼžĽֵϸ
µ۾𣿡͸ŵƤҲܵߣ
޹ġ˵αˣ
ۣƽ޲ɨһۣ˵
²˭ûм޹
أ˵м޹
ۣδš
ڵ˳šظֵ̧һ¡˳ڶμµ밲ƺ˰֣ΪЩܿʧˡ
£롣֣ڵء
߳ûֻڰյ֣ԹԵزµ档
һĻ˶־µصͷյڰͣһᣬȻ׹ȥɫƽƺ⡣
ڰٹٴӵϳ¥ٴеǰʱſܵķɼ
˳¥Ȳȥ
ϤƮΧǵĴΪ׽˼ҹ֮ˣ
ģѹѹߵľдӢͲģװĽʿǾսⰺȻ׵âҫһƬ׳۵¥ϵĿҲǱƬһ㣬Խš
õоһҹΧǣеĳ㿪ˣһߡ
һģɫ԰׵عͰ͵
¡ߵĳ򡭡ȫûǷֵʱ򣬵оѾٳ¡εǰо첻֪˭䲿жܣѸ磬ǵ̽Ӹκźš
Ҫκδ𰸡
Ŀֱָ¥ſͣ߸˺Ƶسһߴǡ
ож٣
£оԼʮҡһٴ
ʮ򡭡ҲΧǣ㻺
ӵİٹæͣڮٳ
ɫƽظųµĴӸµһĨײӡ
޵Ҫƾʮˣôҵĳǡת߳䵽ϣ빫ϳ
ν룬һյѣò۹ŲŲ
ؿ˾ңԶͼۣòת³¥
ûзشǰŵ֪լۡͣ˾¥Զ֪Ժ԰ſڡ㲻ȺȰ裬סԶԸӰȫĳĹۡĵ˿ǰߵı԰鳡ҲɽӪذᵽ˱԰Դˣӹ˾ӵȫȨָȨ
˵ڱ԰ڣ԰ٹȱԷֻͨƬҲƲսһһ仯
ƺͼıʲôֻΧǣ
𻪳ʴ㣬ΧҲ⡣
ŰҹʧأЩɹ͵Ϯ
׽˾еļϸڲпնʾڡ
״νӴܣ
ط²̸ϣ͵Ϯλаһڰĵɽڰһŭ֮¼Ҫ²İͶ͸
ϢصսľΨһֵҵͺ֮˶У̸ʱ͵ϮǱΪܵΪȻеһ߼ȥˣŶ壬ûи׿ϣû˸ж
תۼ䣬ձȥˡ
νӴսʧ˺üٵ·磬Ȼ޳ܣӰȷʵʹ𻪳еľҲʼΪΧǡ
طѾ˼ò̽׼պϷܹȴûа취Ϣݳȥ
һգۣ˷ܹ


288 
˰, ҶӺۣˣ
ƻĶżӴϣһɲӼӰҷ
ѩһǳĲӼһεͷ۴
ѩҡҡͷ
öѧˣ³¶, ¶ֲܡ⻹𣿣
ƿ, Ьһźվ
򿪴ĸ
ƿš۵Сۡ
, û˵Ҷ, 𣿣
ص, ҹ⣬⽻߶, ԰, һ, ְ
ȵ, ˣشĻٻҪи̣ĵ𣿣
صСӳֵ̿ع, ͷϸܵĺ顣
, ְĲȥ²ҪΪСˡ
ظҪ˵, һƽ
Ƕȥɡ
ٿ̧ͷ㳤վԺӹǰ, żɫˡ
ǰ, ׷ͷȥ
, ɲĿʼտ, Եѹ, תӻطڣ־ҪϷš
۵һ죬ؼһֻݵϣɰ˰ڲ԰׵ֱϴĿġ
رɫһɿ֡
زϵȻ򿪣ƽ޲ӳź
ѩʶǰһŲ;ԥƬ̣ţ嵽ǰĸһԼһѣţͨһŷѥؿͷ
һֶ˵ÿһͷȴ˵Ź°ɡ
صʱӿ˳
ƴҪѩ˫ϥȴű档
һᣬѩĶͷͺˡ
ͷһ˲סĶͷǿҵײֱ䵽ֱϣѩɳƵɤӷһͣ˿ͷæץ鿴͵
ʲôǰͷˣҲ⣡ؿ޵
ѩ˵ʲôһҡͷһָָƺҪʲô
㡣˵
Ҫط𣬱һƴֻ֡ڰͣƬ̣ǰһƽĬ˻ȥ
طŰѩԼվ
ȳȥ԰ѩ˵Ŀȴǿصġ
ѩҡͷһ̣˽ɷ˵Ͱ롱ҡ
ʲôغһһ߲ᣬһ߳䱸ؿ
㲻Ǹʹ𣿡ɫƽسһҿ
룡˵Ůбô㿴
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İɡѾ˸ˣɱңҲͬɻ飡ŭ
ض˵
ңǱʲôĵĶһƵģܵٴκһ
ôң
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Ŀٴǿ
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ֻֻ㡭Ըȥ
ûָֻ֣ϥ߬
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ǰѩӣͱΪһ壬Ȼ㲻ԸԷǾһʳ

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ĸ꽥ФƳǰİŮҲʧȥҸ׵ĳ谮·²صĴҸףȻһһûлĿ֡ҵļҡ˽Ϊȱֻ֪ķѡ
ҸһӢƫƫϡûвȻʺ̫ӶԸϵĵ⣬ԸȥԸȥ룬һԸΪţֻҪеöˣһܿһƬġ
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291 
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ʲô˵ˣüҪһӲܳԵȥ
ûҡҾ룬롭dίͰ͵ؿͣھͺҪǡ
dĻĬ
ͺò׻ֱָ̬ظǡ
ȵ״𼸸ŵǰ˴ͽһ涼Ȼϻ֮ʮжϻۡҪǴ統һʱ˳ӣķֵѾˡŷҳ˴գҲĸԸͷͰݡ
ˡ
æشһʱͷĴ
ŷҳôҲ֪ӾˡͦţôģҲǸʫˡ
ȵơ
ֵһᣬ˽󣬻תľ顣
ͽԼļƻȵһһȵԼľʱ©ȱ֪ϵĲˣ͸ɫҲˡ
d֪ڼδһĹǷվ˵͵ɡ˯Ҵڸתת
УҲϢȵվ
һ˯ܣҪdδȵصճ˾
˵ֵɣһ
ȵ취d򷢣˳ȥ
ſһᣬﴫĴƬ̧̺򰲶ٷϵ
ϵһյСƣŮٰվһԣǰ㱵עԾĻ硣
ͣŮһ˳⡣
֪ʲô𣿡ʡ
ҪЮǾˡƣҲûôҪ
Ѿ֪ˣȸฮʱܵģָ̇Լһ裬Ϊʲô
ϳĬƬ̣˵ѪծѪ쾭塣
ǸѪծǲҲѪ
ԣ̡
۾ôϹģͻ˸⡣
ϵĹϵôý˽˵Ļġ
е˶֪ԼͬѡΥ͡
һһ𳤴ȥ󣬱˹ȣ޻ġ
˭
ϵһ򡣡û׷ʣȴ˸Ļش𣬡һϸĵʧˡɤźܴ󣬵ںǰϸŵԷһû飬ֻдҵ֡Ŵ֦Ҷʵ˼ϸ壬Ҹ࣬ȫ
ͳĬš
Ȼϵ򶨣ȴ𽥲΢Ĳ
ѱһ֣ѱˣɣܰľĸС⡣һҵС˶ä֮󡭡ҲҲˣŪˡ
ͣüŬƽϢҵĺ
ڼž
ǰֳһģ˵ɵϣͬ·ЦŴк
˰Σ˵ȻǺ޻ģӦûκòŶԡҸҸ
ˡ侲ƽܾ͵飬˵գ½ҽҪʲô
Ǿͻشǰ⣬ֱ޹˫ۣ˵ѪծѪ쾭塣ѪծģǸأ


292 
ĺ֪ڴϱ
, ྲողžսĴںҡҡ׹
ԴݱΧϢ𻪺ÿɳɤ, ڳɿ, ͼӴ׵Žݳƺľ, ݵƷϾչڱ԰ǰȥѾ̸
̸ͳŵ̸ɹ㷵̫֮ԽԽ
ղԸսʿԸѪսԸݳڵļҾ, սڽ𻪳иǣǱΪó̫, ܻµ۵ͷϸͬһס˽𻪳ڵİɲƽ, ΪΪ, չز
֪ʲôչأΪ˻رҪЮˡ
԰Уѩɫأָպˮ, ̴ľϻд¼֣Աڽƽ⡣
ѩǷŮ, ô˵жΧҲӴö, Щʱ, ȫѩⲶ׽Ӱ˽ơ
ڱ͡ص
չز, ͿҪʲôһϣԸɴɱ˷ϣʣ
͵ѡ
Ҫˡ˵
ѩ˵ͷ, زıϡ
ӦҲᱻڱ԰УǰͰһأټͽӴ㶨ȻǼ档ϸϸ˼ţδѣͷϽͷķӲǡ
Ǳ԰дǸߣȻ˲ӰȴʱʱصϷܹڸƤӵºͷȡϵ
ûġ
ǲܲ
ò
һֻĴֲڵůģʱȻϢظסزԾȭͷ
ǰѩ
ذһǵİɫ˰̴¶Щó񰲸һһֵͣ
ūŵ¡
;ĩ·£Ϊɹ
ݳڼٻֻùݱʱ
ӯصģհѩģмƽϡ
ֻͽ޹ͷ


ݰٹپڽ𻪱µ۵ǻĴڳƲ֮Уһκ˿õĵۺȴǿĻ
ʣʮգ𻪳ǵзжͻȻͣҵһգаնӵ˵ձŲ
һ˫˫زͻֵ̿۾ڽߵŴУһرƶɱĽŲ֯ͳꤵʻյĳ֣Ϊı԰ſͣ
̫󣡡
ٷĴһ߳ķϣԼͬͷͰݡǴǰ˼գʼղܵµۻת⣬˿̼˾ݣз׷׺ᡣ
̫һҪȰԽɽΪذ
̫̫󡪡һҪΪݵİ
ѹڻص̫󳯷£ͷԲҡҷҪݵĲʹ۶ϡ
ಽڹŮĲȥ
йԱȥҪڷϽűߣǰһļлƵ
صı԰ŻϣٴθߵĺͰ
ɫĲŷҡҡλ԰жȥ
̧ͷԶӳɴᣴһ¥̨ܣʲôط
Ůһ㶣ʶش𣺡Խӡ
˵껰Ůʶսľصͷȥڷûм׷ʣ·ֻһʡ
һľԺºԺй˷׷ǰ̷ڡ
ǰʻĹŮŲ߳Ժ󣬲Ųɳһڳ
սõһŮάѰı飬ߵߣĳһӣӽĴȴ³˺ɸֵĵ
㴳´˵ʲôѵ𣿡
ûǰĹŮѹɫֻ̫Ծˣ̫ոա
̫򲡻ۼȫäֻܿģոգôԶ֦ӳеһܣ
ûü˵ԼʣͱõĹŮˡ
˵ˣҪֻ̫һʣȻС¶סˣ
Ů֪صͷˣеССҲѹĵס
ֳȴžֵԺУ϶һ޺ϣȳ˸Ϊ˫ĬĬǰΪ˰æµĹǡ
֣
ϵ΢Ƭ̺ĹŮŷӦ̫˴ԭөԺ²ϲө룬һִ٣ΪѩԺ
ѩԺϿеૡ
өһִ٣йѤ
ޱߵһ㣬·ӵѩԭֱө
ūǽźһȹŮգ̫̫зԸ浽һ̬صĹŮһ񣬲˵һ·Ͷ٣ˣҪū澷Ըˮ
ϳĬס
㹻ԡ̴ľԡͰܿ㱻ͽ˷һһˮȥΪķ³ȥطĳܵļ£һƷľ϶˳ȥ
ȥΪʲôߣ֪ңɴѯʡ
ԡϴ󣬹˷ϽĽг
շŷȥʱͣ˽Ų
ŴӴֽ͸ݵһĨ糺ϼȥߡ
̫ʱˣΪķ壬ЩЪϢĺá
ѵȥߵʸû𣿡
յͷɫȴûзֺ˵Цˣ˴Ůˣȥﶼȥáֻʵ治áﲻգ³أⱱ԰
ѵһղأһվҪԺн㲻
յʹͷ­·ûϴŷ̵ʡ
ݶƽ˵ʵƣѩԺС԰ɢ԰влɽСˮѩԭԳһƬСأֻڴԣȱ³ؼɡ
ԣ˵˼ʲô跴˼ʡô
Ц˫нճȭŭδڣŲ԰׶ݵϣԡ
ūˡ
³ҲܳѩԺҪɱӦòصȵ³ذɣ˵
ֻһصū澣ɱʱɱ˵ﲻϲգɱɱˣ˲յλֻҪ￪ģū޺
һ˵԰׵ϸ̬Ѫɫ
ߵ˵֪鳯ⶣūչ˺ӡ˵һЧɣõİҲϰˣһᰲЩЪϢա
ϻֽ̫ȴһ¹ŮȨûС޿κΣɼ߽ң߿һر˴ϡ
һᣬվͽһðҩǰ
ϤζıǼ⣬뵽ԱչΪɾ̸ܾȴܸԶϰĸ㣬Ϥҩζ÷ЩŻ
ѹ¶ģӹҩ룬ŴֻȴȣϵһȽ
տƹһ񣬶ſ߳ҡ
սӿݿյ˵һҶֲǰǹĹͬõǿҶģѸŻǰµҩ
ִٲҩشϵʱ˽ֱڴϵķϣü΢壬ƺʲôԡ
ӵĿһֱһջߣǰڴƽ
Ȼùˣū澱ˡ¿ҡԸūһֱ⡣յ
˫ͷĻδš
뿪󣬷ϽӲɫи𽥻ΪһĨԵıɫ
һַؿڡ
һָֻϸСͲ
Ųú󣬳˲޺µ˽дΨһһ
ƫԡ֮ùʰоַ֣޺Сĵջ˼Ͳ
ó½ļͲ۾Ϸ
˿ﶼһ۾͹·ɨ޵Ļ磬ֻƳһģ⼸ղ֪Ƿ۵ԵʣϡãԼƺࡣ
Ѳȥţĳʾ
Ͳֿµıܶǰ˫Ŀʱ˿ʱһ
ĿϮˣһץסģеʡ
ˡ

ѪծѪ쾭塣
ʮ£ѪӹŹȴûиһ죬ӳûбһεĺӣĿתؿ۾ѵĻش𡪡
Ѫծģأ
ͲӰ涵лζ
һգȻ˾


293 
º, Ҷ涡
һСɳͰˮһһҲûһˮȴںһɫı·ʱʪ˿šСɳֵͷ, źһɱı
侭, Сɳ˿, µˮͰǰȥ
ټĹ£ײģǴؼ׵Ľʿ洦ɼ
ƽΪɭϵһԺ䣬һ˸ɫʯ̳ΩΩФģ, ͿպɻȻɵ¯߰˳ȼյ򻺻, ɺ𲻶
ߺϮһ, һҵ
һ̾ϢԺʯͤ, һɮϾֹọ̃ҡҡͷ
ƶɮˡ
ɮĸ̧˫ƽ޲
ַһ룬Ӯ֮˵
֪ǰ·Ѿ, οһҪȵһ̣ɮŸ㡣
ߵ, ô֪һǣ
ʩǺο࡭ɮٴҡҡͷ
һʱʯֻͤʣ͸һˡ̧, һڰӻջ¨
֪ʱ, ͤӰ
ȥ, ʼû̧ͷȴһ۾ͷĴڣڵ
˵ա
ͷ, ԰ջ֮ǰһԽγԵ֮˽Ӵ̫δɹ
̫أʡ
̫һ⣬δƽնѩԺδпɾٶ˶٣̽Ҫֿס
㽫һӷŻ¨
ȥա˵ƺӣĲһˡ
಻һ
ƺĲ
ɼƺӣľ
ƺʲôһԾ
Ƭ̺󣬸㻺߳ʯ̧ͤͷŴӰз׷м
ƻ˲񷣬Ұ׵չƲͶ£ӳźȻѩѸ죬һ֧ѣֱڷѩУɫҲѩ䵭
£ҪƼңʡ
һδš
תۼ䣬𻪳ӭ˽ĵһѩʳƺĴշתսеһѩ̻Ի͵ĹУһͬġ
ǵãҹϴͤů紺̿Ļ¯ʯͤǣΪ裬յʱָⲻСഥƬů
䣬ʱ׾Թ϶
꣬ڸԻһξվǰδеĸߣܵȴֻǰδе䡣֪ʲôʱ߬סɳҲӰ
Ĺ¼ҹˡ
ƴģһҲûס
һ죬Զ쳹ƽ£һ𻪳ǽϵİմɫǵŴ˵еĽѩΨв֪µĺͯȥѩ
ۺ飬ֻʣա

ⳡѩһȻ롣
ڷдڿһյѩȻûҵͷȡϵ
ϣѩδϴҡͷܾˣȻ뿪ǺҲûĶѩ
ڻʳǵʱÿһĶ춼ѩ£ѩ׵ıĹǽϣתΧͨĵվڸʵ̨ͤ¥ϿƮҹѩĻʳǱǣҲ㾲ĵط
صעڴҹѩҲȫҹѩϣ󿿽ĽŲβܣֱһůʵĺ˫磬죬ٿתǽڣĿһ˫
ôˣؾؿ
ûд⡣
ôЪϢ˵
ûϵرͷӲ˵
պҴ飬³̣֮󣬿ʲôĵĵط
ؿŴ֮󣬾õΪóĬԿʱڿˡ
Ҽ޹ˣĶˣ͵治ں
ĮĻﲶ׽һ˿̬ףȸԾסͬһʱؿڵĴʹǺԥ˵
ҿԲں
תͷǶ䱸Įϣһ˿ӵĶݡ
ѾΪӣı£ٱһ๫Ҳ׾٣ΪηҲɣ
֮꣬վ޺ǰŴֿɼľ룬˫ִߣ˫峺͸ۣ˿
һöѩƮ˰뿪ĴǰöӨѩ
ҼޣܷŹͺһ˵𣿡
һ㶣ǻԼոʲôüڱܵ󣬿չڳ۾Ҳоϲ
ͨˣ
رۣ˰ΣûѪɫ촽³һ
ֻˡ
һû˵ƺƽ飬Ҳ˼Ļ⡣һᣬ޺ֻ֮ͬʣһȭͷľ롣
أһһٵҴӦֻҪͺԸԶ뿪࣬巢ģ׷ǴǰĹ
سĬԣɫԥ֮̽ϥϵȥֱ֮ǰһúס֡
ֻ쵽һ֣ջԼϡ
ط·ûзСĿһֱҹɫӳĴл㱡
Ӵ΢ȥҲһҹѩʱϻѩĳߺ񣬵˰ǵתƣбѩʱ񳲣С񱻹˻ӹ׽ȥʧ
ơ
ֻ¿ˡصȥ˵ֻǣΨЩ˵ģԸ˵ˡ
Ĭı˸㡣
ؽ˵ʱҹúܲģһż㣬һ¼㡣ΪֻвŽҵ˶ԴҴûϸܹġһߡʹܿ⣬΢Ц£Ƿġ

ˣҲֻˡ
µ˫֣ҹѩӳµɫš
ҲϲɪΪ˵õ͵Ŀ⣬òÿտʮָľˣҲһиΪ֪Ұ˳ֻҪһ⣬ͻù¶ͷҡ
ض̲סĻұ֤²ٷˡ
˶٣ÿ̵ɫ
ȥһĶԹ¿ʼ𣿡
¶һĨҵĿЦ
ġֻиɪķȻٽ۵ʮָڵңǰɪҲҲ˰ɡ
ģֻҪһռǵã˵Ͳ
سȥ
ˡ
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ضԸҹҺһһѱϲŭҲһĨڴǰһ
Ŀתע£һ˰ΣڻǰĹɪ֡
״Ҳ˴䣬ǰʮָϡ
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һ˼ʮָˮڹɪϣ̶ۡ˫κſʼɪ
ʫڡۡһҳֹظڸԺС
ķʯתҲ
ķϯɾҲ
ÿֶϸĳ룬̽ؿڡ
˫ۣŬԺе
תҲãҲãԭû
ռȵıѪеĺ¥Ǵ͵ġ
ܹ
ǹӰ
Ф¡

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üŴҹĻдɪԵ֮ѾԤϡ
ֻû뵽ػԸһͬɪ
ɻͷһͷԺ·һһվ
̫ҵƼӰʵ
ѹʵ飬
˯ţȥ鷿
ղȥһԵ鷿󣬷Ҫ׼ͷһһհ󣬷ؽ뿪Ҳֻ΢ԥΪĿӣ˶˵鷿⡣
뿪󣬷Ͽезţ·ÿʱȴ첽ߵ˽ǰ
һɨӣ㷢˼鼮еһơʫ
ͷһȷջҺ󣬷ɿسⱾ顣
һ׶ʫ裬Ͻ⣬ȫý֮ǰ˲ٵ˫۴ſ
ݺ֪ʫ޲ͬ
Ͻüͷе鱾ãȻ鷭ۡһҳָһĦ
һ£¶㶵ı飬鲻Խ̧ͷ͸ҹĻȥ
ɪ֮ķ
һ̧꣬ͷء
Ǵ齫ϣܰ˼ڻϣҪͽ޹ĳԡָʲôҿԴΪ
䵭תͷĿͶԽԽѩҹ
ŮӣԽԽ¶źԵĹԡ
ǽ֦ҶѲֹǽ֦Ҷ
龫ǵ˼ͼƻΪӪĽ׳ʿľģŬɢ£Ÿ棬һеġ
Ը֮ˣ뵽Ȼǵ棬ݳš
á˵
ʲô
Լʡ


294 
΢, ķѾϴϣ޺ϡ
ñȷ磬˻һҹδߵĸ첻ͺѩԺ, һ绹׸ʱڵһӡõͨ, ʱŻ̤ѩԺš
Һ, ʹͷ­޺ϵӰ¡ͬˮһ㣬˽Ÿ£ĹһƬ
ĸ, ܿˡ˵
ϱһ飬·ǰĻ
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Ļۣͷ­ʹ̬һĳΪڵģ
Ϲ˰βŻ, 俴Źǰˡ
ѹΪ, Ϊ֮, ˭㣿
ȻΪһ̫ĸס
һ, һĨŭ, ŭƣ
ǻʵۣ˵ʲôȻʲôϵͷٿ, ĬĬһϵķ飬ʵлʵ۵İţֻһ֪ˣӰű㹻ˡοҲûܹࡣ
һ񣬷Ĺ˱ˮ˳ţֻʣһڷ̡
ĸ׻ۼٳû뵽ԶΣԵɡ齼һ£ɫƽЩĸ׳ǵĹ֣Ѿģؽݺдáزĸ֮ࡣ
ˡɫ䵭ֻԣǡ㻹Ϲ֮˵Ѫ𣿡
ϵº󣬷żĬĿ
мŵĽŲת⴫նŲ˽м齼Ϸյݳ²衣
һкյüĿ˳ҡ
ĸ˼գ;ʲôţ
ʵʲô¶һ˿Цʲôֱ˰ɡ
ĸƽջáעŷϣֻĸӶˣĸ׺α衣
ϲԸ
ֻǸϹŮӣƽձһóԺúȹţܹŷŷ硪ʲô˲õļţ
ĸŷʱע⵽ʲô֮
¶һ˿ԳЦʲô֮Ե˫Ŀѵܹ۲𣿡
оǷϽʿ̬Ƕ־ﻹήҲЩĸ׵˫ۣҲܹ۲ó
Ĳ£ϲò˵Ǽգÿ峿Ͱ⴫
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ĸˣֻǵĸûʱƣŪʱ
ÿչѣϴ֮ڶĶʱǺʱ
㴹Բ
Ϊ۵һվ֪ǸϦʳʱϳǲĶʱǸϦʳǰ󡣵۾ǲãûϹЩÿνӴʹߵʱ򣬻İ
ʹߣȻ˷ϵĻ
ɺ̸ʹ𣿡üһأ¶һĨɻ
ĸ׺γʣ˵
ƺ뵽ʲôܿߡ
ȻǣǱˣݻټ
ӵĿϿ˰Σ˵ĸ˵ôõĻˣա
δ䣬ϾЦŶĻ˵ǡЩʱÿܹŷ磬ȴ̤ܳһ
ĸ˵Цˡĸ׵ۼǴ֮µģǸеĴǹҽĸҪǰĸ׶ϢҲΪӽݵ·;ңԶĸ׵գҪһʱúӦƽͽ͵ģ˭һТ
ȻĸҪɢģ˵Եͬ
ָժ
ʱգԸ̤˷š
ϳڣǿ˵ҪɢģҲˮͤȸ̨ͤ¥ߣټı԰֮һûȥ꣬һ뵡ػѩԺ㽫ͻԺӺתصԼ԰鷿
ƽ±չ⼸գݰٹ춯
һ㶣ɵָ춯
춯̧ۡ
һһ顣
£ݹЩʱջǰһ˹򱱴԰ǰǹƽ⣬һ뷽跨ݵϢ¡
ô֪ǸݵϢ
˽ݣǻܡ
صʧ֮ɫ۾
ݵϢ죬ѾϢȴ׾١۵¶һỊ̃չЩʱգۡŸҲˡ

顣˵𻪵Ĺٺ佫о챻ݵģһŹϸǰյ٣ҲҪŹ
صսľصͷ
γͷ
Խʲô
ر£һֱ˯ùźŮѩȰ£ɢɢġ
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ˮָͤͣһᣬ뵽ϽˮͤƬ̵ʱ䣬ɫģ쳣ͽССɻѹԺ
պؽĽ㰸ǰϸ¼ϲŭĬ̵ĿУһ亹̧ͷ
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295 
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ްƵʹ, ԰׵ѩƬ뺮, ХŴ׺˿ߵĻǰӹ
, ´䣬ͷʮᣬһ䵭°ͷѩıϣɫƽһ޾, ϲһ˿
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λٹһʼɫ, Լͬ𽥱ʵ
ɵԲݵķگ, ӹҲûм, µ۵ݣگ֮Ĳɺ͵ųƵµһӡ
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ͷ˷ɵֻ·ҲȾ, סɳɽ, ǰ󽻴ӹ񷡣
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Ϊֻʧ㣬뷽跨ҵ
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һ΢Ȼ
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Ŀбŵգ˵
ΪңҲԼ֮ңȴ򡣡
ϵĻһͨǰţҲϵĹƽ
վѩУѪɫʾ죬·һ̾ȥ


296 
ĸס
촽, ³
΢
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֪ʱûǹɷ絭αװڱѩһɫƮѩҪ԰ס
գϲΪҼֹˮؿŷĽΪ֮뾭ѵؿһΡҸûһĸףȴûнȷ·ؿԽԽԶѪԽԽ࣬ȴֻ޲ߡ
֮ӷһңѹ̫ãʱգԸϲԺλǰΪҶ޹֮
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ˣʹ࣬޽ˮԴԴϵش˫ĥ˫ʶ
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˵һǧմϺڡ𣬶ˮǽ𡣡
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سӴв»Ӵܣ󺰴С
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ƽڶʹŴΪҲսףƽͲ顣Ѿ߰ײڶʹսԶս
ը಻·綼̮
԰УͨһΪ̳档
׼غ̨°ٹٶ㱻שм磬ˣûܵһߣ췦ӡ
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Ѿԭί
ָʹǰнݻıۣԼҳԼȥһ
ûΪǾ仰ɣͲȥŴӽ𻪳͢Ա;ΪһЩ˿ͳ𻪱ں֮滻سż԰ݾ
ǿηӭսδսϴˢ𻪱֪ܽڱ԰УҲ滻ȥ𻪱ܵ
ԵֻǷϿһ仰
һ
ɣߵգҲֹա
£߰ɣٲ߾ؽ

ǰٴлԶǰѪзϡ
˿亹û˿Ѫɫһ˫ɢͫ׼ѵ̧ƺŬǰס
СģԶסʶǰһء
ͣ½ŲŶĸֹգûֹС
ѪȾ층԰˫֣ؿأ棬·һģӳ
һ֣Ӯ
˵תŷǣƥ
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ѩ¸ͣ
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297 
ȹ𻪳ǵ͵ű԰ȥʱ, һ֧ǧ˵ľоסǵȥ·
ͷľ
Ѿȫ룬ȺҪǻͶݡ
һЦ, н˹ȥ
, ̫Ӳ
û˵ͱ, ܼæط
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ڤڤܸ֮һɺ
ӡ֮ں֡
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ڴߣ·Ѵˮϻһ˿ۼ
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ؼһװعʱǿñشӽֲݣֲִؾǵĹ, Ѿڲ֪б˴
ԷϤ, Ť˵, һԼδԼ뷨
ôԣһѾ֪жͷϹ
ù㲻ãҲػʱȦŵ, ΢紵ʱһ޵֦⻥Ĵ, һڴֵֵܡ
غ͵ڶѩϹ£һ๾ðĴˮ
ûУûУdԴ, ڵĴԽԽ, һ޲ðԼҲ̵ȥļơ
Զ㣡;ĺ죬һӴϷˣӲƤͷ
رĻﶺЦοdļ, ˵
ļԲȶ, ٵһɡ
dհ͵ѵһίֲȶ
ԣԣ˰, 𼱻ǵؽе, , ȶ
ūֻüԽˡסԾɽĵգһ, ٹ꣬ūҲƣ㻹ҲûԸˡ
˵ɶӻһԺʹ󻢶ȭţǱ˶ƵģʱתͷǻˣҲΪǸ˳ԣǱϱĸ˭Ҫ⸣ţֱȥ±ӡ
dѧţ𣿡
˺ˣԳˣ
ŷ磬ⲻ϶Ź̵ţغ
dŹ˳磬֭ţں׽Բأd˼ûɴףһҨ
ԣԣͶ̥ĸˣϽdĳһ龧ӨõڵطŽԱ߰ѩ
ѩȻ£̬ȻǹģΪвˣʹɫƽױʾл⡣
ڵһӣΪһΧһԻͷʱ¡
ʱֵֻܡ
һѾΧסˡ
Ÿʲôȳԡ
һˮ͸ţŽ̧ͷɷ˫ۡ
ڴĿ£ţطŽ
һҧŨ֭ϱɢǻϸʱţԣζ½õͶζĴ
óѲ֪ڼеdĳ磬һٴηŽص
ͶұҲӹһС
ǾеĳԷʽ𣿡Ű䣬ȶһ΢ؿĶˡ
еĳԷϡ
һ۴ˣ˵ѵ㲻𣿡
ȵ޲бһۣӹмһŽ˵԰ɡ
÷ʲôʱҲѲһΰɣһ߽ţһ˵ҪȻ游ٽڹȻÿλȥҪ߶䶼Ҫˣ
סü뾩·;ңԶ游ʹˣܱۡѲ룬ʳĻˮһ֧ôȥѲ
ضȻд뷨
ᳵӣѲҲҪָ꣬Ϣ֮󡪡Ǵˡض˶٣˵ɹԹžгʡ׵
붼롪ʱ䣬һѲǮճ
ضȻͳһҲȻһ˻ʡ׵뷨
Ƿˡ⻧ֱǸ֪ҪǮԳֵʵôƨֻһ˯Ŵ˯Ŵôƨãûʲôƨ¶һһ֪ʵôӾ͸õɽȥ
º鸣룬ǳˮֺס
һƸƸõӰ˹غ˸
ŮٵķΣղ䵱꣬һŮپԽţߵŮѶ½½ӣһŮΨȻ׷֮ͣû˭ùۡ

d磬һվ
ϥ񣺡Ů£ʺ󡭡
ģհûеһ룬˾ͱd
d˷ܵ
ɵûУˡ
δ䣬Ѿվ˵ϡdڴ֮ͥǣĻصϯһ飬Ҳ֪ŮƵģǣš
ϰǵǣɸģû˿ˮ
Ψؿֵֻҡβ͵d׼dʲôһ˿ǡ
ѣdͬܵܵ壬ı⣬ԸίҲԸd˵ѹ
δ˵㣬֪dôģ
е˵ĻΪd̽һ̽ףһҹ֮зĵһ졣
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һһ̻ϿգľĿУ˰ҹɫ
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סͣȰȥɣҹǳϦʡ˰ٽڵӣЩ̻µġ
ֵģй򣬶ⲻ𣿡
̾򱻺Ե
͸ڹзӿյͨľ̿ùůһҹ紵ϵζɢ
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