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ĺ޼¶ֻϣ½ܿϣһΡ

ҹѩӰ
˵½ѩУֻһҳס
ǰ½׾ܾҲȢѡ

Ļǣ׬Ǯ½Ĺ٣˾ˮˮһԱޡ
ɻ󣬲ŷ֣½֮䣬עֻǰ䡣

½X½

Ķָϣ
1.˫򱼸С
2.1V1˫ࡣ
3.ģ̫ӱŴλ˹үԺ
4.ƻģмļ衷byԽ 


ݱǩ ж  

ؼ֣ǣɣ½  ǣ   

һ仰飺÷˫򱼸 

⣺緭̣빲 



1.     һˣһԡ

ء
ҹͣ˪ѡ
ۿѩǽһֻèһ˦βԾǽʧˡ

С㣬ˣǺʵ̫ǲˣǵģһѣǾһһÿ죡Ůüèоžͺ
үҪǣü˵ģѰ˼Ҷ̿裬úǷǹģ

ôֵҪɵٵȵȡ
ȵȣҪٵȵȡ
üߺӡ

ڣѩˡ
ëѩ÷ϣѸڳ͸顣
Ҷ£ֻغĴ򣬻Ӳһ顣

ˣٵϵһϲڣڳ꣬ʱټʢֻҳƲҵ
ңȵľ

Сô˼
ɨŮ·£߲͵ۣۿҪˣȵﱻգô޼ҿɹ飬׻ñҵǸʲôãŭ˭Ұæ飿
С㡣һŮ¾ɣСүƱأһ

СүڲʢүֲСү˵Żת£ˣȥ

ǰȵˮ﷿۴αȣҶȼľȻȻʱɻ˰֡
ŭֱ䳤Ҳˡ

С㡪
üü
ŮЯƮȥƵƵͷɵľٶʮֲ졣

ҳˣˣɶԹˣԷҪô뿫ͣҪôǻֱӲ
ŵһңûн

ˣүʲôʱüһڲϣղ豭ݺһ
ɳһƻһ㣬ٵȵȰɡ
̫ᣬ˪ѩļĵģźһ÷㣬紵ɢ

úúãٵȵȡüɣϽƱС㣬ģүһæġ
ûٻػֻü΢΢£ϸĶޱ߻ϵһΣӰĵٿüŵرֱ

ѩŰ˶ֽű
ֵԼĪһյĹͻȻһŲ

С㡪
ԶԶһʮ㣬͸ŷӭƣô£һûƤСӣС㶼ҵ˭ڻֵģ˸ҡ

ʺá
Ԫ̾һСŮæʼӺͭ¯
Ѹů
֪ү̽ʡ

㣬Ԫ̾˵Ǿķɽа׺үסȰѩȥԺˣһʱɣʵǻزС㿴
С
ɣü
üԪԹɫЦЦҪ˵ѾסĻͷǱ㲻ˣǺүʸá
ԪӦˡ

ɴŻüߡ
ĲʮƯʢŨױĨСУԵø룬ƫƫü֮У׵ĸ׵ġԳһַƤ͸ˮĹ࣬͸

˿̣ѾţȴɲǸ׺̫ˡ
ϧˡ
Ԫ̾С˻ӻ֣ʾɳȥ

˺ҵſڡ
Сһڴӭɾ뵡üۣ֪ûɣϽͷ


ССظɿسڡ
С㣬Сүü⣺СүָС÷һ飬ȥӪǰҲǡ
Զˮⲻ˽ʡ򴽡

˵СһģиţϾôС㡭
һ£ͻȻͣס

泳£ƺ˱ס졣
ʵùôˣ
üæ⼸Ϊҵ鱼ߣź쳤һݣһϣʮرһֳֻ

΢΢ҡҡͷȰο壬ȿ򡣡
ҿʲôҡ ϰ̾ûãƽղ߶ֻ֪ͷ飬£˭û顣

ζӣȰ⣬Ա߱ڵϵһͷģһҹ͸棬ã
ƹȥ

ֶȵĻֳַΪϷ֣һʶ㣬㾹Ի
ɴŶ߰˰ˡ

ȵסĶһЩգ֮ûˣһʱ޴ȥƫƫʥŭǼûˮ飬͢ٸǲرȥٽأɷʣҲԼҲٲҵȥȼǣһԼҵׯϣ˲Բֵſڡ

üȥׯϵ˶ºʳΣԲ㣬󼴿ҡ
ǣС㡣
ֵ˱̴ץŸ첲һֵˡ

ɺϽ˸һһ˷ڱīɵˣܼһߣڿ˲ᡣ
˱û̿裬Ҳѡ

Сˡ Ϻһ
ܼ˱ӭ
ѩСˣһƬףɢɫ

С㣬ҪĻµòӡܼһ͸ŵǡ
Щӣ´㻨˲ӣЩ񣬸Щѡ

᣺һѵ񣡹ܳԹס壬·ֳ֮رԻᡭ

塣ɳᴹ
͢ǻܣ»ģЩǵҲܼЩ˿Ϊ˵аս´»С
⣬ᶨǸӲȥ֧ƽԶš

ܼƽӦ
ɷ˱˴ȥóԷ׿ƽʣүǱߣ
ҡҡͷ
ƽֻ̾û£СҲȥ÷ɡ
ɣҲ
СүΪӾϺүֵòÿүǨŭСҲ޿ɺǡȫ޷ӡƽһ˵һߴɫ
лֱԡ
⻹һˣһԡ

ɷ˲ָͻȻһ٣ֽ½üϺֽīãҲɾˬ죬ͣٵһ£ֽŻĴָָһ̺ѪѸ
ƤЩգһ£ǰͻȻǳ˸þ

һ̫죬˵Цòûץֺ⧲ɢˣίͻȻɽǿЩûᣬһӾ͹ۿ

С㣬С㣬ˣ
һСܴܽ
Ѹվôˣ

С㡣С·ˤ˼ӣ۶ͷҲһǣү֢ǲǱҧˣǱ߲ôȥСǶûӣֻûȻС㡣

ʲôϴӺܳ
֮䣬صֿ
ֻŵ鸡λһ£Һÿסƽ塣

ƽ壬
ƽҲȰֻһ߷ԸСˣһ߷š


ѩˣϣУǰֽŸСڣѾѪˣֻʣۡ
۵þˣƺû˸о

ʻƽ忪ڣ˵ֻ˵½Ҫйˣݲȴǰ
ţ֪
ƽ廹˵ͻȻ뵽ʲôֻ̾һ





2.  ط   ½ףܾܲȾҸ֣

ˮ¹Ϊһ촷ۡ
ʱδУٵ񱦾۴αȣͭõòȿ篰ѩ·ȹɢ򱬷һЦ

ܺ𣿡
ͻȻڡ
ƽļ߳ͻȻɵĻһ£ͷɡ
ûʲô

Ȼð
˭й
һ˵õȮ죬ԵǷԴһ̤֮Уǵʳǣҫ鹡϶ŨһʳƵˣ

ƽ忴ɳ˫ۣһʱ֮·˴һơ
ң
˵Ȼ
ͻȻЦȻˣƽôԥˣǸжҲҪйġ
Ŷǡ
ƽɿ

ƽԸ˦÷֦˾סĺӱȥ
˭֪һȥͳ¡
߲һӣͱһڵļ½ס

ٺ٣ǸٰȻ𣬺ɥ֮ȮǲùҲֵǣ¿ϣ
˭ңСŭȡ
ƽ޴룺񣡷Ҫæңǡ
֮䣬˴Ӻٺ١
ֱӳݺȥԸȥ˲ơ
ûʱġ

СӷԸ߿ͼȥˣһƤ˦ľıţ̱Ⱥ˺ڡ
һ˱֨ҽУˣǶ죬
һץסᣬҪɣͻȻǰĳһΣһֻѩһתѩէжžɽŲ

飡ǽ飡
˴󺰣˲׷ͬ
Ҳ֡

Ϊ׵ţ׷ˣ׷ˣץǣû𣿡
һγѣ׷

ڣУС˱˳ȥ
ɵǰקסȺǻУӲһ·
ģӴŴǹͷôôӲ

ССС㡪
ƽ壬ץˡɻ
ʻѩиۣƽץųһ֡
Ȼۿ˦ǰʱʶһСͻȻڳɳ۶ֱɵסˡ

׷ˣתҪСʱͻȻҹա
ϴ󣬡Сܼ𺰵ǵͣˡ

ҪͷΪСͣ˦ϣͷۻ첲Ҳۡ
Ҫô죬ȥͶ̥
·ֲܳˣ±ӣһͷãϽˡ

ƽһȳһʣС㣬ô
û¡
ǿվǰѾǰ

ƽ彫ɻ󣬺λǮ¶˵
˵裡ƽƿɣͦܰ

ѩֳˣϯ
ƽλ޷ҪǮǡ
ƽ塣ɽסֻƣͲ׷ᡣ

ǮҪһЦҲҪ
һ°ͣʾСȥƽ壬ȥץɣֻû½ʱͻȻҽһֱȥ

ͷĿѣһֱͷʱΧֲҽһƬ͵̧ͷ
꼻ڣС 꼣ƽѽܹڼˣ½һҲˡ

ӡ֤仰O@Ų
ʶԼǱȴ´򻬣ĳʱһֻƷסļ
ѣҲݣȴɬ͡
ֻǣٳٵģ֪ˣȴϻͷһл

½ӡ
ֻƿƽ塣
ȹȥͳ֣΢ƶ̲ˮ⣬ºֻ಻٣һ侧貵ıУӲö˼

½֣ȵϷ򰡣Ƚſ졣
ر׷
ɨƽһۣĿϣһǻҼǵãĹܼңλǡ
ƽ壺ҼС㡣

Ǹͷ¶С㣿 
رؿ۴ɣͻȻ½׵סߣ׹ڨЦ󵨵񣬾ҵףֱ޷ˣϷȥ
½ףδһ

С£ƽο½ڣµġ


ͬر˵½ף˼ͻȻ뵽һ£תͷʱͼѩС
һͷѻɢ׷ϸƽϣϸǰ÷ϸһ貺ⶨסƳճգһ˲ѿֻͣüһɣ̺촽̣ͻЦ̡
ûС
õľĬ


סζ˿ڶһ̧ͷѾԶˡ

½ߵͷҲأ꼹С㣬ӺƽȻҪȥ˸ãСȥɡ
ɵͷˡ

صҿɵǱֵһ󼦷ɹ
ﻹ񣡵񣡣
ģĻȥֻ⼸䡣
Դ죬壬ˣѾرץˡ

رֵر
СȥѹѹɽΧͬү͡

ϴٳʱ½׺ƽѾˣ֪ǴʲôϢܻ
ƽȰϣ½ڴߡ
һö񻷣ָת봹ס飬֪ʲôֻ䣬ü֮΢оͷѩ㣬ļɹ

߹ȥ񣿡
ϣʲô񣡵񣬶ǳûðģ
ƽߵ˵˾

˱ץ󣬿ڿ˵ծӳ޼ҿɹ飬˲ŻѰ𣬵رûһȵ
̸Ŀڣ˵

ע⵽üҲˡ
ȥׯˣµ˵ȵׯϾûȥǰǸҲǼٵġ
ñƷֱȡ

ü
ЩǼٵģȴȵˮΪɣƵƵ鷳ǾʲôĿģ

ɣû˭ָʹ
ƽҡͷûУһҧ˵
ǹ߷½׿ڣԹٸֶָơ

ҹ紩öײž죬ɫأһССˮôͻȻôǷǡ
ԥһ£½ֶ¡
үˣιȥˡһСŮܽ
˲䵯żæŸŮˡ

ü¸ƽ˵Ҳȥ档
٣ֻʣˣ˭û˵
ĬƬ̣½ӣҪߡ
½ס
ɽס㣬ܾܲȾҸ֣
ǱҪɲ½׵ģѾͶ·ˡ





3.     Ұ㸸֣޸ңΡ

㸸֣
½΢ף°͵УЦЦʱɫ˭ٿ̧ͷһ˲ɫϤɢֱֻѩ̣ƼĮЦ㣬һЦ

СĪǲ֪½ĳҪйô
ҡ
½ĳȷʵض磬С޶üԳ׷ǹʣܽǵ꣬ӡ
͵Һֳ£־ŭҵǾӡ
С㵱½ĳʲôҪ
½״ɵĻ
Ϊ˾ˣһֱұܶô½ĳȷʵΪ½׵ЦЦѵһ˫
ҡ
ԴǺ޹ܣһеģ֮⣬Ϊй١

ѩ壬



òٿطꡣ
͸һУ̧ͷӣ¶֮ɫηһ

ɰ
½Ц
ֻ̣̾Ϣһ㣬ֲ⡣
㸸֣޵أţǺΣ½ʩһ㣬׳ͷֳֻΪͬţ
ҡ
ɺӰȼ䣬Ŀ⣬ͷ򢡣
ɿȻ翴ˡ
ԭ꣬ꡣ

½֣߶šɹйһ
ͷŲˡ
Ҫˡ
Ҫߵģסõġ

ֻԼȹϣְ֣Ǽʱľ࣬⻻ϵȹҲϸܵؿ˶ɽ衣
룬Ҷǰ¡
˴һˡ

ɳһ

ôҪ޸ң̾
½׵ͻȻͷ
һ͵̧ͷײϣ½˻һɸš
˺üסΣָ̧㣬㲻ôң
˵һ룬ȻԾ˼Ϊʣջ֣εվԭء
ˡ½׵ǰͰôˣ
ʲô¡

Ұ㸸֣޸ңΣ
ɺ£Ųǡ
д㣬й֮ҽˣ꣬ĸҲᵽĸף½׶£ֵΣ

£ýƸ¡
áɵҪһ
Ȼѳɳ룬ˡ
ҪҸ֣Ҹ˵Ȼ˵ױҧˣΨ֢Լģ˵һ룬ȻԾһףˣοԼ޴Ѵ

½ףãҴȥ

ƽͻü½ɳߡ
ɣڿ̽ӣҹ䲻ɡ
ͬ߾ˡ
ɸϽϡ
˽ŲҴҳȥˣüϣɰڰʾⲻã˶ӣǲҪٶ¶˵ĺá
ߵòӰˡ
üҰ죺ƽ尡˵½ӲǸûƷĺôй˲·ôק
Ҫ졣ƽ峤Ժس㲻й
˵ԾʧԣڵŴ۾һĻüע£ӻֽüˡ

ɺ½һ·Ρ
ĺɫ͸ɵǦˮ㵹ˮкĲ֮ϣֻЩܶ£ϣɲŷѩ
ѩ¡
Ҳ֪ʲôʱͣС˵
ϲⳡѩûѩ׷ļƣȴ·ǵĳ

У½զû˭ܽȥ᲻ῴʱ䰡ιɶʱ˶С˪ʲİԲ˵ʱ㵸бۿˡ
һ
ӣûټ
Ц˵û
ԭأ͸ֻһǽ֮ˣӦͳȥ¸ò߿ధٲ̧Сүôܼס
ָ̽ɰﱻ׷ʱþˣధ½ǰʵСүͷ
ҡˣƳһ½ס
ڷѩվļֱѩ͸ȳֱƮվ࣬ѩۣŴ۾ֻܿߣرֱš
һ˲䣬ۿת
ͷ̧°ͣ΢΢ſڣС
꼡
½׽л꼣óһö壺

꼾ɲһɡ
ǣò壬æ˽ȥ

ôõ֢
½䡣
ɱҴҵĽŲһ٣ô֪׵֢

ٺ٣شˣСʱ򲻵ֵİСʵڲ
Ϣͨô᲻֪
ɴ˴
½Цһټȿʣ׷ֺġ
ҲЦͱˣֱ˵ɡ˵Žɰӹȥ

лͣ˫һץסɰЦˣٽأ͵Ҳù겻ǣټϣٺ١
ɨһɣָûضڷĿ˶Ҳ࣬ǰ͵ʵûطˣ͸ӹһŶԣ˵ĸڣ˭֪͵Ȼȵ񡭡

ȵ񣿣
ƤһͻȻֲԤУǻҸһ𣿡
Ӧڵġ
½ף·
úúá

Ǵ˳ȣΪҹ䲻̽ӣܽ˶ǸǴڼʱ䲻ºˣһźԩ
ԩˣ
СǶ治
үھƳԳ£Ƕַˡ
Ͻ¶ĺɰȥ
½ˣЦһŤͷɷˣִ򰡣
ľѵһϣʱ˱ˡ

ҵأɫɷס
ϵڳΪ٣ȴǸϡఴʱٺ»û̵ġ
Ŷ˻δ󣬹ǰߵġ
žͳǰ첽ߣ۾ۻѰҡ
⡪סɣȴ½һ˲䶨ס촽⶯ʵС˵Ϲذ


ǰͻȻɵļ

½첽ȥͿڵϣɫͨ죬괭Ŵ

Ť䣬Ŵ򿪣

ҲһϽš
ɳȥֻû½ǣһ¶ԶȿȿȿȿȣŮܲףȿȣأ
ҡǰɰ

½űߣʣôˣ
˵Ǳ֮ͲԾˡ
⣬վǶֹʲôأڲݶϣһˣл㡣
һãȻ½Ѿȥˡ

أǲָ½ȥˣ
½׵ͷ
ɫŻ˲٣һҾͷˣӳȣܻסá

Ƕǰˡ


રµ
תͷֱϲݶ¡

䣺½ˣʱˣ
Ҹ硣
ǲУȻܾ
½ۿָģӴ½ˣͱΪСˣҹ䱾Ͳ̽ӡ
ǲҲô
ˣס½ף䣬ҲңҸôˣ
С㲻ģӺء
ɵͷ˼㱳ߣһ½ʣأ
С˸ȥˣ˵ʵڹزˣͷЩġ
½˲ˡ

γʱѾǰˡ
½ߵߣɡͷ

ȵˮһ£ȻǬһ飬ֵĴ
ûʲôȻŸҪ
ɲ½ףʱòȾҸƽ
ֻҪƽһ죬ܳԩѩ




4.     ȵˮݻ𡣡

ɻظʱɫ
пһֻɹ֣ѩӰϵĽһΣʧ
ͣסŲ̧ͷâֻʣŨҹڳѹ
˶˦βգʪȣƣ뵨

үƽһ򣬲ˤϣجξѣ߰޷һ㺹飬γѼԼڸŽ
ظ񣬾Ϳ߽
ƽϽʣүүΣ
üͷ΢šȴɿͷкáƽ壬˲ˣ

ˡ
һ̲ɣƽҲŽͷöʮŵùһֱ㵽š
ٽأּּ֮ң̸ڵ棬¡Ҳˣ˼Ͷ٣Щƽɾʹ˯ˡ

С˼ǡƽ촽Ը½ӲԸæҵȫҽȥүû˵ǣǡ
뵽Ƕ߰ˣƽ߷߲ƽһѵû٣ʵ˳
ƽ塣ףԾ֮ǰԸģ⣬㽫ׯ£һ£Ϥˡ

Ҳ£Զϸߵ·û˻ô
½װæֳЩͷˣҪ

ƽ̾ðЦҡҡͷû뵽ɷ

ƶȣݹԱأȡٲһӣһ𷣡
ԣֽ
ƽ̾˿ȻˣСġ
Ҳ棬ͽƽˡ
ƽӦˣֲϧ˵ҵʣģɶСѪġ˵ˣСæǰæģңš 
ǧɢֵҪ
ǡ

ڶ죬ƽ彫ׯ̹£󣬱ׯլܿ죬ұҵϢʹ˳ȥ
£½׻ްɫԴǼȫǷ˿Ƕȵĺӣ
½ЦһԸжӣ۸
ǣӣ

ˣ½ԭء

½ˣ簡һɨĹٱ
½΢΢ס
һȵ
ȵλھƫ뷱ֵĽ಻Զ˴סģһЩɢգ½һϸխʯӣܷ̣һͩľɢ̵ͣԱϣﲻڡ
ߣһ뵹ǽ˳ߺѩպƶϣʯϾǻҺɫˮӡ
ٲǷֹȷһͨӵһڰҰˮס
½һֻʣŰŻǰվס
ر̽ͷкѽһʲôÿģ裬͵裬Ǻò谡
̶գر½׽˲١
½ȥˡ

ͬĿẮͬ̿裬ůʮ㡣
ȹ˼˺½Ʋʣδ˲ȵˮԵˣ
㡣رһĴȣ˵Ǿû¡
½̧һɨĽëϸȣһ֮ƺһ⣬Ȼ꼴ţرȴ¡
ϣر

ⶼȥˣ½ϵ㰡Ҳͱˡְ˸ӳϡ
ر˵꣬ڶض˿ڡ
ϲѩˮݣһ֫ٺչˡ
رˬ̧ͷ½ƺĿڷڵĲϣرپһ̴ӣ˵ȵˮݻ𡣡

ݻ̲Ϊβ÷ˣ
ֻһֿܡ
½ףݻѾˣ
½ϵܣر½ײ³ˣͲȫ˵ˡ
ȵĻһѸŵġ
ѸӡиӲ߰꣬첡ģҲ֪Իʲôؼ֮кģӡѸûǮβ˽ϵĴУۻ軨粻ҽˣӡѸֵû취ҩ˭֪ӡѸӲĸˡ
ӡѸӲأûͷһѻһᡣ
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ĶһرʳǷ½ȻͷЦˣлر㡣
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ǡ

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ɮϽ÷˷
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꼸Ͻͷ
˲񣬵һۣѾǹ󲻿ԡ
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֪
½״óҹö塣
ۣЦһˮкĿ½ϣһƵᣬЦ÷ݸ£Ӧˡµ£ҲҪˣȻ
½ȥӻǰһ
֨
һͻأ졣
˻˻ĿڵϷĻϣƵ½׵ϣĵ˵ͷ
˴򽻵ˬ졣





5.  ͻ   ôģ

ҹɫŨһ޵īÿ
ǹ𲻶򳤺϶Ʋǵξ£ֱɢξͷֵĻЦ
һڣһܲɽ¯СϺɽϹŵˮ顣

ǽʵǻ͸ˣƽ߷߲ƽС㣬ǳû٣϶ⱨӦġ
ⱨӦɲģֻϽչӡ
Ǿ׼ɵֳͷϸָ̫ѨȥǮׯ֧һ֣ڽѹ£
֪裡岻𣿡һŭԺһĽŲ߰˸Ž
ѽү㡣
Ǿǣϻ
ʲôʲôʱ˻ӹţԺѩɨɨңٷңһûϵ߲أ

̾
ϻ֪ˡ

ϳһƿš
ȻܽɸϽվ壬Ҳ֪㣬Ĳ
Ĳ һ£ϷŵĴŭ˵㰡Ҳô£㲻˵һﻹ𣿡
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ֶŮҲ£常ģȻǴͬſе֪ģʱͬǸζı飬ֱõƤ
ԽԽһϣ˵㡣˵һ룬ɵü۵վţԹɣƣӣḯĺһ壬ȥҪָɵֻ֣ʱת˷
ƽҲǸˣС֣ҲһЩҵ⡭
½ˡ

С˵ĺ½׳ԺԺƻӣŮСһѣȺ뻺߽

ʮֲ죺ôͨ
ߺɶϣһ㣬ϰ̾ӣûãҪͷ¶棬һլȥͨ
ҵ˼ְףֳµȲ𡣡
Ȼԭ򣬵ϸҲ˽ģΪϴ˵Ҳ

˵Ż½Ѿˡ
½ֶˣ迴衣
ƽȥˡ

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ŶǾͺǾͺá ɿ

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վֽɼ仰ߵʱԾйŮʣ½ס
½ֶһ߰ɡ
½ûƴǡ
ڳǰһ񣬿Ÿ⡣

ǣߵ⡣
סɣˣġ
ԺһСŮæɨѩ൹֡

ִҪͣԽ߶ϼ½յؿü۴ЦһץסСӵӣ·˵ڳǰҲɵġ

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һ˵˸ſڣ½׵ۿѾҪˣͻȻ˶һĺӵݸɡ
ǹСġ
ɽӹӡ
üԵ뿴֣üվһߵһ꼡
Цˡ

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϶Ǹ˱Ĵۡ
Ǹʲôܻܲ𡪡

С㲻ģһжãģԸ̸ͬعӶСʻض֪޲ԡ
֪޲ԣǸ飡ǲ֪ʢСô˵ǹӵġ
ü
üЦйһת첽ˡ

ϰѩȳнӡֵ೤Өѩɫϣ˵ƣԵ㳵ůڡ
ǡôʱ½ԶԶ
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½׵ЦЦ
Цǳȴͣɵɿ
С˺ݡ
ʻ½׷ӡ

С㣬쿴ʲôüߴߴ
ɴ򿪣һ޺÷

½״ҳϻȥأԻظ
תһ˴ĳԯϣѹǵץˣӿҪǣ
ȹšӻû˽֦
ˡ
˻ᣬ꼵ӣǽѹ£Ҫǵ˶֣
ʱãﴫЦ½˼ݣд⣬ٰ
ǡ

ҵҵڶ죬ͳ⣬һʱԹ˲ϾҲû֣֮ׯլĺ˳ܿʹչ
ǰһ죬ɸƽϲʤܽС㣬½Ϣ˵үǽܳˡ
ɽ£Ѹվ죬˴ȥ̲
ƽȴûǵСȥǲ㣬öү棿
ٸ򽻵δĹȥȷʵ㡣
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ҲסˣԱŻüȥſڵȡ
ԼĪһյĹϡչһγ
ŮǺһѣһ곤ӣŽӣ˦£Щߵˣѽ㣡
Ĳɣһ߾ˣﴫһƿȣ̶ŮҩȾˣͷˣ
Ӷʱ㬱ˡ
һ£ӭȥ

ͣ£δŮǰһƿ˽ӡ
ǸθĸˣɫģüйӢˣխӢˬģ⸾ȴڽ»߼䣬鸡в̬һ½αӵͿȡ

ɿ첽ȥסϸ׿ݵ֣ôˣ
缲ֻԺУٳŵġ
ȥˣҹȿȿȿȿȡ
Ƚ
أ֣ӦÿˣվȻɡ
ϣôУ˵ˣܡȰ俴ȥˡ

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ƽߵļʲôûüʡ
˵̫࣬˵ȻʧְﲻټֺǼһȰʥϱᷢˡ

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ѹֵʱΣ꼽ӹ壬ʮֲ쿴һۡö壬ʵ̫½½ȴ֣
̫ˣ
үǻˡüĽɵ˼





6.     ½Ƹ

ѩֹͣչ⣬שϡ
ؽϵŵƽʣȺĦ࣬ץðȺҹչ
߽ˣŮϲ£үǻˣ
˵䣬һߵС˸Ͻͭ衢ڡ
žıըһѺмϲʤ

ˡ
ɿ

ߵǰͣ¡
СӣҳСӡ
ۣ˭ôĵģ
Żһݵӡ
һ䣬ŨʱĴһĺüֻ࣬ǿϧ˫Ŀ磬Уһηͷ

ɿĿ⣬ӭֱϣջѵˣᣡأ
ںߡ Ц
Ƕáɱ쳯źȥ

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⣬һհˡ
壡زơ
ǡײ⣬ظҲԸ·磬˲Ͻһߵĺȥ


ܹһӣû룬ת½״档
½һ£Ц
ɣ
½
űǰݲ٣ݣãȻɡ

ûá
ɫʧ䣬Ƚɡ

˸ȥϴů

ֳһ£ϾԼͷ飬Ҳø˸㽻飬ͬ½ʱ֣ѩӦвٵط˰ɣ
աݶѩ֣ʥϽѾӣŻҶȥˡ

Ĳյϸ졣
½׻ͷһۡ
ɺ޲

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ķӦ۵ס
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
˵һԭء
һʱ䣬⣬֮䰵ӿ

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Цһ
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⣿
Ц֪ʲôģʲô⣿ҰŮӲˣؼһڵġ

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һ򣬺ǳߣǰ
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ǸԼгһճޣǼ޸Լϲˣ˸ͷýƸš
һķůʱգԺٻ뿪ը죬ϼ£ȥ޸Լϲˡ

һס
һ롣


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һ˲Զ

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Ȼ
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㣡
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ôˣ
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˭
ҶȻҶɵСӣɽãҳº˵ҪæȴѶȫޡ
дţ˹ػ֮⣬ҶȻԼɼһ档

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С㣡üˣܺˣʲôģ
и˵Ѵ£ȥ

üˣɻ£֪𰸣ȴ¶ʵͽĽ

Ӱƶ̨£һȾȹǡ
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̵ˣѸŲߣ緹Ѿˡ

½÷ȴˣл⣬ֻҸϻ£߶š
ûǿ˳

ֳƽֶŮҲˣϣϸ˵úȴˡ
ͷ˫ϲţвľǴĲҲ֪ܲܺá
ʢô򣬻ûܵúã
˵ǣ˵ǡžѣһڡ
£Ǵô죿

вɫ£µͷٳˡ
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ȫƾ

ڶ죬½ұýףһӦ˽ɺ֡
вס̫ã˰齳㸮Ǯĥſʲô
ͻȻŮС˵Ļ
ûһüϲЦտܽС㣬½Ƹ

ô죿ɾˣʮӵƸõô𣿣
ȴû뵽ϵĻں档

½Ƹ֮ŮС㣬ȥǰ
ɹȥ󾪴ˡ
һ̧̧ƸԺڰڵԺ⣬涼Ŵ˶ľһȥһƬ
һ𾪣½ҵƸ񣿡
ǵã½ֻӯ࣬㲻ϣŶ̶꣬ôͻȻôˣ

֡
߹ȥź£ŵмҪ˵
⣺Щͺˣ֪
£Ҳˡ
Ҫߣסڶˡ
šţգգ۾
ʮ

ôϣ
䣺Թ¶Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣֵ๣
翪Ҫˣ뿴ߡ
ͬ˵
ɶ⣺ȷˣ
/Ųʮ





7.  Ȳ   ղõģ½׵Ĳѣ

úܴҴ٣һ壬㿪ʼﱸɵĻû죬ŵҲˡȥ֪ء
겻ѣֻ֪Ҫģ̤ʵظһʵ¡
˵ĿյɴŻüӺ͵ȥ
ȥׯһˣЩ񣬿ܲʳЩõ

ʱŴϵĵƲʻδ£ǱںмѾһʱʱЦһɸƽ֮
ɴӾ¥¾ʱ䲻˽
̧ͷȥ¥УӰһ
üȥɣСߣ

㣬һ¡
ŵŵĽŲһῡεĹ׷
⹫һɫۣȣ׺壬½嶣ͨһ竵ɣȴãĿͣȥһư֮ŵΪ˳š

㡣ͷǰվ죬ҡ
Ҷӣλһ¥й˦Ӻ
ɿҶȻľȣȥǱ˵ɡ

һ·һ÷վ
ҶȻǸȻ죬ҲǹʧԼģҡ
ҶӾڻн͵ıҪ𣿵
üɺǳ⣬ü㬱ˡ
ҶȻͷСԲ𡣡
ҳºȥװæһ۰ĸףηǵû˽
ֱױȥֺűų
ҡͷЦû£и˵Ѵ׵ġ

ҶȻ̧ͷ
УɴԼЦţݹһ
֪ĴѴûаֹԸ
ҶȻãңɡ
һӣֻҶԶһ㣬˱Ϣ
һ£Լһء
㣬ҶȻͻȻҴμӴǡ
ʥʮ٣չ͢ȡʿ
ţ
΢ǵãҶȻ˵˵ġ

ҶȻսɵӣ۽СĶ֣ʣ㣬ܸУԸԸ⣬ԸԸ⡭

ɡͻȻ
ҶȻѭȥһйÿӣ¶һ˫Įķ
ϵãȥеλ̽ɡ
½׿ڣ
ҶȻ
ӦҶȻúñͳȥ
꼽ȥȻһ˦ӣˡ

ܿһûů¯û棬һС֮⣬ֻʣ½׺ˣǳ½׵
½׵ѲݸҶɵĹӣ
ʶ
жš
ţ
˵λҶӣ½׶˶٣ʫдĲ
ȿȿȿȿȿȡɱǺˣڵȡ

½ЦЦû˵
âڱȹĲѷŻСϣԼĲڡûʶһͻȻӦ̧ͷ˻ȥ
Сϣֻһһѡ
ղõģ½׵Ĳѣ
ʶһ˲
½׼ŲҪ
Ҫˡ̵Ⱦ֬ɫ

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˵ţݹֽ

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˶˵˳ӣҵ鷳˵ʱñǿԷֻ֪Ǹӣͷߣ˵нп

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Уɾе졣
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½׻䣬ӣˡ
ÿӣֵׯϡ

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айҡ

½Ѹٳ飺ǻһɡ

˻ûһ
Ϊɰø½ףԼȥЩˣϾЩ֮ͬġ

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µ˵СǣǸм㣬ʵĻȻ֪޲޲

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߹ȥôˣ
½ףҪˣ·˵

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ʻɿڵҴˣҶӡӡ󲻴رУֶӻŽַˡ
ӡ󲻴
һܿһЩдʣ׾ӣƯŻĶӣΪַھƽЩϵܺ
½û˵
Ŀͣûаֽ٣ȴֻϽֱܽݵӡӣر˵ˡ

Ƭ̣½ʣɾˣ

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½׵Ц˵£ӻв֢֮һֱҩţƾġ
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½ףӡӵĶӽӡɷȴӡ
ɣ
½׽꼸ղ鵽Ķݸɡ

֮ɶҪѿˡ
ӡӵɷ򲻵ӡ˼һĺúõأӡ͵飬ײƺ󣬴ź͵ˡ
͵ӡӡġ

½׼ⳡˮģˣӡĸӺͷƹݵƹȥ̲̽ӡĸʧǰ
ôģ
ɱ
ӡأ
½ҡͷδҵ
벻ס
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ӡĸӣǼһʲôǣ

ӱ紵ˮʱɲŷˡ
½ѹסӣ˴ѥӦǹۡˣȴ߲ɡ
һְΪ챣ëƤ¹ܣ﹫ӵҲô˼ʹϵ̸ڣ½ȥȷʵΪ׵ġ
ãСġ˶٣ֵ¾ͱҸˡ
ҪȥˣҲ޼£ֻͽĶѡ
½ס

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ͣ£½׺
½Ӻãƽ½״кȥɣӴС㣬ˣϽȥɣҪùӷ͵͵ţǡ
˭ŵģһŭȴʣ𣿹ѧ㿴鿴𣿡

½Լҳŵġɹ˦ûа飬½׿ʱѸٳ˸˫ֺʮĶ
ɣָʲôأ
½΢΢һЦ֣Լɳŵġ
⣺
ǵϹ𣿣




8.     һգ·ʢڹء

أ
̻ҹһ˲ըײǼ׹֯ӰỨƣʢַ
Ԫڹ󣬱ɺ½׳׵ӡ

һ磬컹ûɾͱױ
ԶŴСˣƿʱʱ䴫˰ġ
˻ᣬﱸ׵ˣ
ͭǰ糿Ĺͭյһ˫üֽ
ǿĵġ

аζӣɳס֣˵˵ɡ
ɥĸĸ׵ӡ΢΢
糿ҡҷһŮ˳巿˵˵ЦЦӰɴ縡Ծ
һ̣ڲġڴġΪңɼĻ£Ȼǰ
̶ֻϲҶУԺܾ꣬ΣһҪԼ½ˡ
ɡ
вᣬ֪Ҫģ㲻˵ɥֻΪ֮͵͸
һһӦˡ
ĩˣֵоŹ˵ڲʢ˵һ룬üһ
ס
һ㣬ͭɡ
Ǹδ´ŵڵҳ˼͸覾֪˶㣬ѿ
֮ˣˡ
ҲգҲǵóԸ
Цˣֲĵļ򣺡Զڡ
һ䲻߲͵ĳŵ
Цл

˵Żžıը
ϡ ͷݸɡ
ɲŸϣüѾ˸߲˽үˣ
ˡڼ

һŮܽϲҳһţǳ⣬֡
æҼ䣬ɵƬ
Ȼһƿء
紵ɵĺͷβһƳͼչ貣糴󿪣ԺҲʣ˸ɫ̺һƬһ˲䵽졣
ըԧϷˮͷͻȻͷ£һסɫֻʣϲҫ۵ĺ졣

ŮͻȻµˣˣүԺˣ
˲ֱӣ۾סһӱ

ŮǴһ˵
үϲÿ
ǣ
Ȼ֮䣬½״Ժӣһ˵Ĵӵ£һһ˽
֣룬ôˣô֪½أһ


һǰվ½ס

ϲӿΧ˵˼丣סһغ񣬾ͱ˲ˡ
Ժȥǰݱĸ
ܿģʱסƴЦ׺ã׺ãԺúùӰ
Χһ꣬ɺۿᡣ
ʱסǣ󣺡Űɣ˼ʱ

ⱳɵǽΣһ£ͻȻᡣ
뿪֣ȥһ˵ˣԴԺС㣬½ˡ

ţֽ͵͵ƿһǡ

ϣԪڸչһװλδʴƮӭչʣϲУǵЦ
һգ·ʢڹǵĴ顣
ɵĿ½ϣխϣӰȴһ켪紵һ޹

ԼĪһʱ䣬ͣˡ
ٶȱƿϲ˽Σӣˡ
ܿģֻиͷµķء
½κ󣬱Ƿڣ㷲ȴֻȸԾ߸ż߹˶ѣ˶԰ݡ
ֱһɣ˶
ɱ·

·ɡ
ɱϲϡ
һŮЦУ½ϲӣǰվ
ҪƸͷˡĬ
Щţֿ۽Լǡ
һ˲䣬Ȼһ׶ѣڴЩʲô
ָɿǰȻʣһ£һ̧ͷ⧲װһ˫Ц
ҡһ¡

ڽֻ½׵ıӰʱֻɾ̤仨˴˿̣˽ض
۾￴Լں޷𣬽Уϸǰһ컨䣬ǲϲۡ
һֱΪ¾ֻ꣬½׸źԶľ룬ʹ˵һЩԽڵĻһ̣Լ
Ľ  
ĽˮƤ͸һĨЦλֻ꣬һ֣ȡȴб
סɽһ
Щкܶ໰ҲǸʱܵƤԼǻݼ䣬ȴ֪ôڡ
ס
ֽһ֡

Χһз·˲ɢȥĳѾõĻͬյķ磬һ˲
ͤˮ鿣ɻ䡣
ף
΢΢ͷ¶ѩеĲš
ͨгԩδѩôԸ֡ҵǴ٣԰ġ

գ׵Լ½˵Ļ
ʱιæҲÿգóֻ½ֻ塣
һΪ˽̽δƤСع
ʱǲʱ⡣

ɵʱĽǸһλ׵ġԩѩû½ף½˲
½ֵĻĲᣬ·Ǹ½Ǹӣһߣݶήʧȥ뿪¡

ֱһ죬ƤǧһֱŮƸһЩ
뿴硣
ظӲȥ档
ŮеЦеĲȰϽǧϣЦǲԸǧԽԽߣ˵ʱɱ۾΢紵糺ȹɢˮеһī
ȥʱһֻץǧֻɡ
գȴ΢΢Щ⡣
ʹɻͷһۣ˭֪̫۾һӴǧˤȥ

Ůʧ롣
ˤڵϣȴֻۣһ˲Ϣ֮ŵһŵЩһ̧ͷײһ°ϡ
ţ
һ

ߵŮϽɣ·ʳʶ̣û顣
ɲشֻǿŵϵֱ꣬겢ȴü֮ԵùŰδѣǾԵÿɰмӣ
˵ûµģ쿴
һŮϽҪȥ
һˡ

ڲͬ䣬Ҳƺˮơ

ʲô
ԩѩ국
ɣҳӵģ
ͷܹ߶£ҿ첲Ҹ˵ҳԵö࣬ǸСֶգˤֱȥӰһô죬ɵ
ѵҪҿˤڵϣ½׵ģǺһ䣺Ů޶ȣ࣬ԺǰһƤˣõΣ
ЩƺǽҿĳЩ˰̣ɫһ΢΢һƬϸ衣
ɿЩ

½վӸ¿ı֮ǰȵԼ
ɼһӣЦȵͷ
㡪
½˵ʲôš

һ˲ɢɱüĽ  
˹ƣصͷС㣬Ӱ
ƱѾݵǰ

ɽëһȻѹһƬ
Щʲô
½һﳼ֮ŮһʵȨĺɣһ׮֣Ҳڸǲ֮Ľס
ס
üһȻɺ
ӹƱŽëٿ½ףֻգţһоơ

ˣˡ





9.     ǵһ

ɺ½׳ȥơ
˳ϲȻʧɴ⣬Ӱ֮䣬л㸡
üŶ룬ͿͭǰȻжױˡ
С㣬ⲻװɣǴ飬㡭
ˮ̲
ü졮ŶһͷɥȥˣٻʱЦݣûͭ裬һ˱ʳС
ģҸճȥײˣ˵үտģ˲پء
бһۣҪ죿
üڨڨЦЦ

ù£ûüױӷ
ϸϸһɲü

ڴչ֮󣬼ҵѾʣ޼ʣ޼еʮ֮/ˣڶļױϡ
ңˣ滹̺լ
ЩǺļױ


ʱüһĺӹ
ǶҽҹСġüߴߴ̽ͷ˵ū澲͵ʲôѽС쿴ū澽¡
ءЦЦ½״һɨգֽӹӣһֻһÿиǣֻɨһ̡ۣžϡ
С㣿
ǵһ㿪
üˣʲô
ͷȥȡ̵ܶ
üһ

ձƮɣɴϾӶ˫ϣü֮ƺ׽һֱĶ
ָоϸܶأ¶ؿɣһʱ֮ʣȴ֪οڣǸͷ
С㡪

ɷԸ
ü˼һϣϣŶһתȥźúӡ
ľƣԾԼԼĪˣշ̣˼һƳüشԼɲȻûüȥЪϢˡ

Ϩ˴ߵĵ
ߵϲǰȥڣһʱģˣתɻϡ
ϰϰ˯⣬ͷĺʡ
Ȼ½׳ˡ

ҪһǾԲܵģ
̽ͷڽŤȥ˯ˡ

½ϲɢŻҹϲھĵġ
ƹһ·ϲûаչĶӣߵĵϨˡ
ɴʵʹԼճһĨԵӰ
½ߵߣÿɴᣣüһ
˲˯ϲϣҲһϸȴʵ򡪡ͷİڷſҲһȴγһǽ
˯ȴһǽʲôԶ

રડ
ͻȻźɴҪϷȥ½׾δɢŲ鸡ȴʶһס˺ɴ
ɴϸ壬ɫް֪뵽ʲô΢΢ͷתڽ̤£Ŵ齡
½װţһžĻźɴֽɴһᡣ
ޣڵӰԼߡ

һҹʱЪ̫ϣڻľϣһ㱡
С㣡
üһܽɻ˯һغС㰡˯ˣϽˣҪģҵ죬ΪʲôҪ꼵ľƣǵùߣСҲǺȶ𣿸Ͻˣ
裿
͵۾˯ʱȫ
ˣһҪ½׵׾ġ
λ½
úˡ
һʱӣһȺŮΧźϴ

ء
˽ƿʪԺŮɨ޼ľ쳣ţҽȻͬ
ɺЩ䡣
ǵʡ
ǣˡһŮЦŻء
ˣİĴʻ̧ͷĿⴥͭ˲䵹һ
⡪
ͭ˷ٸ纣ⱦصüֵ컨䣬ϸ֮使οˣͭͻȻһĨӰ
һæҾҪȥͷϵķ
С㡪üȥ½׹˲䲻Ҷˡ

𶯡½ס֡

ҹȽƺһοԼɷ
һʱԴĿӹ齣ָϽͷҹҲ½׻ģҲ½׻ҷΣҲ˯ˣһææ⣬Ҳû͵ʻü½ôġ
߰ɣĸ׵ȼˡ
ɻعֻʣһֻɺҡ
ŶáɸϽͷ

ɸ½׳Ժӣ˾ֱ½ĸ׵Ժȥ˲ã㵽ˣһ̤ԺУŵһĵĻ㡣
Ưૡ
ĿԺֲǶĩ÷ӭ࿪ţҹ󣬵ϲкһƬʮַš
ԺտյˮӡҲޡ
ˡ
һŶһӰÿ֦òһȹЬɴϿһֻ
˵֮üһ
С
½ƫͷ꼣ôû˸ţ
˲Ҳ֪ģʱʱ
ʱʱ
΢죬½½͵Ц˫۾Ͼ红ͯһأŤͳŻľˡ
ת̫죬ֻüüۣδϸѾʧˡ
㡣
½û˵ֻȴɽ£Լȥ½
ɵһ½ˡ

½һ·СıܿµĻʮ죬üۺЦ
ʱһɬǿţ£
ǰɣ½ʡ
ʵֻδѡ
ң

½ƫͷһۡ
½Цˣ߹סɵ֣ԽԽÿˣҲ֪Ժ˭и
˵һ룬½ͻȻһ£ŶһЦԭͷи
½ĸܹ̼һֱʱʱ

ݺ󣬱Ǿϱ衣
½ȹԽɷ˸Ťͷȥ½ףԺúö԰ɣ۸
½
½ִֻϴҳʱ͸ҵģʱɿ˺öΡ
½ޣϽͷԼ죬ͻȻۿһᣬ˾һ㣬Слл
лл½ӻ֣὿ܿ죬ĿϵɫãתͷԼŮҼǵãһԶһֻأ
Ůһʱòע⣬ȥ½ס
½ɫģһֻĸֻʱˡ
𣿡½üһ£һʱûʲôͷĻ̫ϧˡ

ɺ½׽ջ£½˵˻˱Ҫˡ
Ժӣ̲סͷ
½ڻ¡
С
ʱʱõ¶ǵˡ
½˵ĺƽȴܲζ½Щ飬½׻ǵã
ʱˣ½ָһڣɼͷ仨߰ɡ

ڸſڣǷһ˦ӣ㽫ſڸϡ
뾩ӣ½׷ҪȥС
糿½ԺﵢЩʱʱ䱾ͽû뵽еûһͣˡ

ôˣÿӡ
ֺģĶͷ˻ǰ
طˣǰˣ·סˣҪȥ
˵ţɷۣᵶ³ˣֵʲô̲참ĸˣ𵲵
ԭӵֵӲ忪һ·Ǹŭ·ߣϳ뿴ǰ淢ʲô
½ɨһķ򣬳ɵȥְɡ
ֿ½һۡ
ȥ֣ǻܼ˭
ɷӣͷ߳ü֪·
Ӧڻüָʾ£ȥԱߵ

ſڣȺɽӣٵ߳ԵȻð̡
ٵϣƣΪģǽѵġ˵ģΣ˵ģȫ

ã½ҵŴӳʻ
ȥˡ
ɣ֦ȥ
պͣ£һֻÿӣ½ȥɡ
չϤϣԶԶţǰ䡣

磡Сܹ
ɣ׼УҪׯţȥȴײ½׵Ŀ⡣
½Цͬкɳûܵǰ
ױƵģ֦ݸɣҸ۵ģ㡣
ллɽ֦ʱ˳Ƴסӣ㲻Ҫȥݣʢչòã
áҡҡͷ֣绹Ǹ¼ҹأҵøһȥס

ȡϹҲסֻתƻ⣺ףѣԺൣЩ
½׵Цֳģһչ˺ġ
ʵڣ½£ǾţϾʢط˼û棬ôͻȻ̸ۼأ

ͬѶ꣬½׵ģЩɡ
ɣɡ
ɷ죺
ѼΪ˸պҪׯţвǰǰԣҪʱ̼ǵãһ壬һپ٣һ𡭡
߶߶˵һѣҪǰΥˣΣȴѵùԴһԲ
ɹԣԴɻˣͻ
ɫЩΣɫ䣬Ҳѵ˵Ĳ£͵Ҵȥɢˡ
ɱŨ֪ѳɶ֣޸ĵĿܣ㽻Ķ֮󣬵ҪǲӦ͸дţȥ
ãֽɵַŽ½ЦеҪúõİ
һƬɬģָⱻһ£½ɫȵ˷ġ

ǰһ£ÿ̽ͷžŹս龩ǵñЩ
һδ˵Ϊ⸸ֵģǹӦá





10.     ҶΪζԸҵ

Ӻһ·ִӳⷵء
꼺ͻüߴߴ˵磬ƣ룬½öҲֻţӳ
Ұʱɹֻȸžס
ʲô½ʡ

ɻͷһۣŤͷ̲ҸΪٶ꣬ȴø͵³ΪŮĶ࣬ܳˣ뵽ʲô΢һĨƼЦԼ辩ŮӰ½֣ɪʵңҵ¤ЩҲ͸֡
ȿڲ衣½׵ֵݹһ衣
һ½ǵֳˣҲ˻¯衣
ɿڸɣֽӹһڣɺҪȥŲ豭ѱ½װ·غҲ㣬ˣˮӷߡ
̵˵ԾԼȲ裬Լ룬Ǳ˱죬ֻ˽Ŀյ½ŲŲ뽫Ų½ԶЩ
ָҪѱ½ס

Ժڣɡ
½˵
ɱ֣ȴʹˣ˻ǽֳᱡ㣬ֻˮ̵㡣
š
ţʲô˼
ҭһ£ʵ޻˵ֿȥֲӣ½ֿˣأ뷽ŽȻͬ
ҵ˱ʹ˭
˭ɲͷ
ѾȻ뾩Ҳ޳Ϊȸ֪˭Σ
ھֻˣһͬΪŮ棬ǱҶȻ
Ƕﲻ

ԷҶ
˭ɹһֻ͵Ļͷͫ״ţһţ˵˭½ףĪҪڲң
ڲʲô˷Ų˵ٰüôΪҲŲ
ɴ۽ޣתͷȥ
ǲ½ף̫ˣ˲ţҲ²⣬ֻԸˡ

ţӣģ·ģ̽׵ģֶС
һƬ΢΢ţʣҶΪζԸҵ
ȵݻǼ򵥵¹ʣ䱳֦ĩڣָҶɡ

оӹ˻
½׼˵һ֮ǰӡף˵Լ͵ҲҾҶɡ
ɵҵ˵ҶΪˡ
½׵֪ӡץҶɵİѱûһǮƣβǮ֮ҶȨɱڣȥͶףɱ֮ɾѺ¡
Ҷ飬ҽִ󣬱ӡĶ֣ʡ
½׵ͷ

Ҷ˸ӡҩӡĳȴû뵽ӡһֱ飬ֱӲˡ
ˣӡӾûϣҲɱˡ
ӡĳ󣬿޶Ҷɲ׷ŹԼԼҲӣǣڷƹݷһѻ
һ򣬾ƹƹϷӡӣҪ
뽫ִ͢ӣ䳹£˽Ҷɵз
ֻǵùҶΪڸԼĴ
ѵһͻȻͣˡ
ӣˣǰ·ֱˡ
ɵ˼ˣع񣬾У洫ֱ
ޣ٣
Ǯ̰Ҳû
̨Բӣ秵٩Ҷ̰ô࣬˼ĸӲȫȫβģ

͵Ťͷ½Ѿ̧֣Ϊÿˡ
ϱһ·ѺһȺǰߣȺ𼤷ߣ˸š٣ȳ桯ۡ
ݵҶɣ󣬼ϳڡܰյС
һڼҾ죬Ů޸ͣжɥֻһˣնľм䡣
ҶȻ

һʱζȫ
ȺеҶȻУ͵Ťͷʱһϲϲɫڿߵ½ʱ˲סˡ
ֻŲߣһݣ̧ͷʱɫǸȻɣ鶯˵˾仰
ĥĥʲôأ߿㣡۴³ҶȻһѣײ˺ת˲ͱ˵סˡ

̲ѺҶԶˣɢǰС
ɾľƣüڳϣһԲ
һ·й涼ۣҶ̰һ¡

˸ջظˣ˵´٣½׻˹ٷҴҸˡ
Щ£ŮҴܽˣйá
ͣ˭üʡ
Ů£ǡǾŹ
üһ̵˵˲ڼңùܼȶţ½˾ͻˡ˵ȥȥüߴŮϽߡ
ɫį
Ź
̫ξŹ֡

˶˵Ź½׵䣬½Ź֮飬ɺܶζʣʲڡ
һûݣ½˵ͷֻǽס
½֮便ûҲȷҲ˽¡
ηŹ½֮྿ʲôŹԶһ㣬

ȵȡɽסŮ
С㣿üһѰɼ򣺡㣬ô½˻˵

Цˡ
üˣһֱ½ǹүģʱ˿̣Ҳ½ˡ


ɴŲƽ
뿴ʸվ½ߵˣʲôӡլۡĻᲢ࣬Ҳ֪кùӳԡ
ǣһִֵģֵģѪܵģҪȥ

ɼ͵̧ͷͫ籼̳սһļ
üһûɣɾѾȥˡ

ü֪룬һţϽһСŮȥ꼣½˻̯ӣ
ǣū澸ˡ
Ըˣü侲ȹǷ׷ȥС㣬ȵҰ

ɳԺʱߵ÷ɿ죬ǱŹסһȣͷʱѲ١
˾ŹΣ
½׽ʱ;ŹϸŵʱһȻŹд㣬Լ˵ġ
ɶʱͣסŲ
ֽڣӲ֪¼࣬ڣΪһ½ףֵóǰȥһеЦ
ˡ
԰½ף˹ȥҲ԰˼ǵҪڱ˵Ϊϲ½׶裬ǲԸģܶԲ֣ҲܶԲԼΪ
ãȴ֮

ǰŮͷˣ
ɵЦ£ˣջü˵ǣˡ

򷢣ʲôҴ򷢾Ź
һս߳һˣͷŮһɫִףͷ񳯷ﻨΣ˲ϸ
Ů̧ͷͦأȴС㻹Ҫмֹ½ĹܼС˽ں󣬴ҳֶͬĿɡ




11.  ֣ޣ飩   Ȱ

繴ʡ
½ſӰ㿣ܼ̲˫ӥضŹٵҶС˽½ǰΧ˸ˮйͨɫء
ż·½һյӣӿŲˡ

̲һŮ˫չž飺Ȱסô죿
Ķ֪δֹ¡̲ͷ̾һ
Ҿ֮Ϊؤ½ϾϿΪ֪ڸк㽫ۡ
һ޶Ůؤܼҵλãһֱж¾ҵҵ˭֪
»ұ㣬ұ㻤סһС̲߬סȭͷ


ֻ̲ӹһ磬һ̧ͷͼ½Ѿƥ½׻̫һʱ˻ֹſҺ塣
ӡ̲ƾҪ
Σ½һѷס
£Ϸˡ̧̲̻̲ͷͼ½Ŀһݣʱɱ֣һĶȻʧͬһɲ
ӣŹ
֪ˣţϷԺӻػ
½һ߷Ըһ߽ŲҴҳ½Ժӱȥ
нŲȴҡ
½ġ
곤½ϥ£غͿ̰糤ͬѧĺͬ۸ֻһЩӣῴصͷ
ʱƳ½̤ʵɿ
С֪Լ½Ψһ̡
Ӧģ½ҲΨһľˡ

ˣģΪһӵӣչԼҲչ˺½
½״ȣڷԸϽĸ˹ȥܳģ˭˵ĲܳģҺòãô˵ģȻȻṫӻˣ˭֪˭Ƥ
½׽Ųһ٣δ̸ˡ
һ˵ǣǹ˵Ϸ˲ϲ۽ģ˸йأ٣ʧ̬Ҳȥ
ʲôô̰壡üУǣ࣡
Ӱӳڴɴϣ½һ
꼴ʱ׷һӣˣ
һڣɴϵӰʱͬѨˣ̶ǹˤڵϵ۽Ĺһù½ǰ

½׶۽һʱɫް
ü֪˵ϽܳùùүҲǸ˼ңңҡ
½ûִ̧Ҵҳ½Ժȥˡ
üһ£û½ͬŭĿӣһܿ췴Ӧ͵һģУ⣡С㣡
üŸϽ׷ȥ

½һ·ߵ½Ժ⡣
ԺСŮִƣȴϢһŲȻ̧ͷĿˢˢ½ϡ
ӣ
½׻δţֱ°ڣѶԺڡ
ԺڼżֻڴŮӵ͵Ϳ
½һ
Ҫ̧Žȥһº͵ŵҹ𣺡Ī£аģһұȥУף֪òã
桢𣿡
ģһ컨ܣŮ˵ǻչʾ졣
ҪȥھҪȥ
⡪

½һÿȥ
ɫ죬žɢ˵

齱ߵŲͷҲأ΢пʣôôò
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Ѿ嵽˸ſڣɻ᳾Уһ̴ϵ̧ñŴݣ¿ͣ½ּ빬




12.     ½ˣɡ

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ͬһˮˡ
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ڰ֮ǰһ˿ͲЭ

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ңҡ
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һ㳵룬̵صľͷͣһ̽ԯƥëɫͱǰϸվŰ˸Ů˸СˣСʺУŮ¯֦
ܰȺҲ֪̫̫ٻ١
ϾǵС㣬ָ߼޼ξӳԶ˾ķˣ˭š
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ֻССҪһŮϽ븮һȥҦϷ˰١

ҦϷݸ㣬һϮɫŸƼаŷ̫ʦϣݴ飬һŮʮֿġ
̶ŮǰףʺãҦϷصͷżϼ䡣
Ҧǰй񣬹ɵĸ
ҦϷ֣ҦһĽӦӺ
ŮȲ裬źȹһڣѾǰ١
ҪҦϷѾס»飬ӵʱˣ˻ӡ
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鲻죬Ѿһ¶ϸζ
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Ҳֻ֪ǼæµҲҪģֻǹڼԡ
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һʱ䣬Ļ̥Ī졣

ֹһͻȻ˿첽ܽ
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űһֻƿ
ֻϴֻϺƮײһ𣬡һƤһãͶŹһʮüۡ

½ˣɡ
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13.     ûĶ֡

һ񣺡Ź
ش޿ðΣһ˾ɲɫһЦü֮Ⲩתһ㣬䵭ؿڣƽ

ѹ֣Ρ
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ҲҡҦϷ˸Ͻл 
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⽭ѩһʥ֣ȴΪһλӣǰʷϧŻϧĻϲܿ
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ʱһ۾ܿ۽ޣɣǶڶеʶ
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ΧƾҪˡ
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س
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һ·ţȴּᶨ½š

ӹɣϲ½ס

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ϲף׵ķˡˣһû˿뿪סԶҰףҲһ֮£ҽģСͬ赣ҷӣɳˣҷ񸾣䡣Ұףƫ˴ңҼȾס㲻֡
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⣬ˣĲڡ
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ॡ
ң ŭȡ
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͵۾ͼǰվ½ףθߴסͷԼȫӰһ˲ɿһ˼š

øѹң صϴε飬ԣôĸףΣҲƣ
ƣ½׵ұٽϿ䱦˱֪ԭǹ˽˽ѩĻ磬һֽҷ˶һ˺԰˵˭ƣ
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ذɣ䱦ڱǹȥˣһ

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ضŽο˰ΣȻŤͷֱŹ̺뿪ˡ
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ܽȥ
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14.  ֣ޣ   ɣҴȥòá


ԺҲʣ̬죬Цһ

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С֮ģĹ͸㾹Դ⡣
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һվæȥҦҴ⣬ǹǼһȥ

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½׵Щ
š

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½ȣ̬ȹұͬһģųţ㱻¼빬ĳЩĸˡ
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ҦϷɫˮ·Ҫ͸⸱Ƥࡣ
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ĸ
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š

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½ĴæȴԲ˽յѿһʱ֮ӣ֪ǸллԼΧǸԼ־ء
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ΧˣŮСǶ֪˽½Ϊɺ͹ֵḶ́ˣʱĽؿǷ
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ɾĵ񣬿үʩԮ֣˵ɱ񡣡
꣬ݵضԱֲң;꣬ݺ֣ǧԱ̰Ҹ壬ɱ֪½˵̧̳У½ĳ֪ΡնǾʾѹġ
½ÿ˵һʷɾ˵˾䣺үȮӰ

˵󣬼ү̳бġ
̳һǷӶа𣺡ķ

ֶڸЪһҹȷúһֱݶȥ
ԽݣɻԽʢˣ½Ҳɫʱ̲סڣҲˣ
һ·ؤԽԽˡ

ֵֻ࣬һ·ؤȴԽԽ١
Ȼϳ
ӡ꼵𣺡ǰַ˺üʬ塣

½ʣǰ췢ֵһ
ǣжģҲɱġ

ɱţΧͿɴСˡ
£ʳɱˣɱٸΪڸ̣Ҳɱ
ʣ;ľأ
Ƥȫɾˡ

ͻȻЩˡ
֪;Щʬ壬ǲݹԱһ㣬ȷ
ݵġѾԤˡ

ס½ס
䵣ղ֮ϲʵȨֵǺð죬ҪȺǻУ˶Բ鴦棿
½Цһס󣺡ûµģЩӦ㡣
ңôˣ
ǺҪ֣Ҫ棬Ͼ˼㣬ɣ㡪
˵һ룬ǰͻȻ

ܿ죬ȥѹӣ֪ʹԱſӭˡ






18.  ʩ   лҪͬ˵ô

һֽ׹ҽ޵ϼУкշɹǳأΣһˮƳϸ鳤Ʈһлᦡ
ڽƻҳ䶨
һó֪ȻһڹԱڳ롣
ݳŴʱ󿪣֨춯
ĿȥƵؾͷŴشʺ۵ĹԱ

ץӣһ۽´ܹȥһ̧ëѽƽ˳ǰͷǰ

ۡ
ͷ֦Ϻѻһ
ɱĿ⣬һֻѻ㿪԰̸ӥ˷ܵشˡ
ӥһδУϣëٿ߷·һ㣬ֱֱӡ

ӭղˣ
˸ߺ
һѹԱñС鲽ؿ첽ӭǰ
ɸ½

¹֪Ѧɽμүμղˡ
䣬΢֣ŰֺѾ̧ͷЦԲէһʮֺƣ˫ͬӥһ۾ȴʮֲʡ

Ѧɽ ̳飬ܣЦʦ˭ôھû֣
ٰܹݵ˵ƷȻɽˮĵطѦɽûеͣ
үæС˴ү

͡
̳ƤЦⲻЦѾ㣬ٸѦɽֻŤͷͬòЦ
ý㣬ˡûʲô˼һƤͷӶѣΪ꣬ǻܳˮ顣
潼˲֪˵ʲôֻǵսЦһ
̳жʱĻŭţάż˵Ҳæ㣬㣬ˣ磬½ˣô

ƮȥѦɽĹԱɫǧ죬Ѧɽȴ̩ɽֻƽַܵЦ
λ½ˡһ·۳Ͷ٣¹ȥЪѦɽЦ˽ӷϴǱ֮¡
½ɫֻǶѦɽ̹ȻӣΣѦɽƽıһ˿ѺۣЦҪ˵½ֹĻ
߰ɡ
Ѧɽ˸û
ĹԱηηҳ

ѦɽǶ£˦ÿȵЦ˵λˣҶ½˽ǰɡ

Ȼһ·ƣۣʱ˿̵˳ſڣЩѺʳʿоҪˣ˸߲ңߺŲ۵Ц
㵽ˣ
øϽϴϴˣٲϴҶҪʭˡ
ҿ˵һȪϴʣֵãȥŶӣһȥ̹̹¡
úúãʱү
һҰĺͷϰ۵Ĳ꼺͸ү
ڳԯϵ꼣Ҳãԣͷȥ׼ȷг֣Ц̴õǿ졣


Ӧ꼵һ󿪻ĺЦ

ѦɽĿϣ꼲½Ƶƽɫֱֱ˰Ρ

ݡ
ʻ鿪ʼųȥ
Ρ¥꼲ɵü
оʮֵ֣ǰĴϣվԴʿгìǿӲظϿ·ˡ
ãǰ壬үһ̣
·ڣ׻ˣʿǸʶֱסͷڵϣһԴûŵӣľګ̧ͷһ˫۾ɣ·ֻһʬ⡣

оĶһţʿϳš
صó¥ټ֡ݡҡҡ׹лҷѿ·ʯϡ

ˡ½׳
ɡŶһԴ

飬ȻҪеغܶ࣬ǿַʩʣҩֹߣüޡ
ҡ
ΪʲôҪţ
½ײֻ̲´һƬ裺ߣݾҪΪһճˡ
Ŷ

Сʱһǰͣ
ݲЪŵվһԺӣ˽լӣſڴֻ˶ʨſУһմĺŴ󿪣վſڣȻܿ䡣
ϮˣЩ

ѦɽǽլӣլпԺѾں˾ϯ
һʿһţ㿪ʼð⡣

һ·Ϸ¶ޣûȺö

λֵܵģλ黳ɡ
Ѧɽ쬵

һʿʱ˶ףŵ׾Ųˣڴ̩ɽʼŲˣֹԭλ

̳ÿƤŷʢϯǵЦ£ƺ𣬵£ι̵ˡ
Ѧ˵ĳﱸñġý㣬ײھǣίˡ
ͷ˵һǰԲ˿ɫ

˱ģ̾ҡͷ
ѦɽãЦү롣

̳иѦɽˣ½Ҳ꼴ʿȥԷ
һͷȻ佾ݣԵĻҲֻ˷Щʳ
Ͼû˼

ûθڣɫġ
½˸ͷ˵Ҫȸ£ȥԷ
ȥһòŮ˵ˮۣͷ½׵ʱӨӨ۲㵴
߰㣬㽫ŮӶ

ԷŮ뿪¡
ѦɽõúܺãСϷʢʱ˵ɫģɨһۣʳֳͷ˳ë£

һ·ϱңܻ
ǡ
ףδ㣿ɸпѦģǸ
̳в˵ˣѦɽʢɣˣǰõ
ǰߣٸⷿҿڡ
ֻˡ½׵ѦɽˣҶɣϱ߰߻бˣԽԽãһ˶֣Ͳһܲ鵽ʲôˡ
š

ģϸ΢ķĩиɻ˯ƫһ·˯˺ܾãʱʵû˯⡣

ȥʩ࣬꼸㡣㻻ѣ½˵ͷȥ
ң
ɾһ£ɴ۾ſ½ס

š

ҡɿİһ£ƣ۵ջ°ͣ῿α
Ҳǣָ̳ϵģ½ҪץֻԼȥʩˡ
ɴûԼгһգһ飬˿˿ƣֻ֣̿˻ѣȥѦɽųԷ
Էһ룬½ױ˸ͷ˵ȥʩĻ
Ѧɽɫһ£̳ӣջӦˣҲһˣҪȥֻ˵½˶ݲ죬ѳ˰¹Ҳǵ½ˡ

½׵ͷ

һ˱ˡ
ɳѵ⣬˶ʮˣ֮ǰо·ϵĻһ˵Ż
ɴŮװɫ񣺡ˡ
Ҳ

ɴһɨ֪Ѿ׼ˣͷЩ˹ô
иߺգ˼ɣź׵ٺ٣ǵȥöˡ
ǣ˱СǣھӪ׵ʱǿ½˶ûأʱһѴιʮо
ܣ߶߶߶
ҡ

ȴؿĸӣüĺѦɽ߰˷ƣͦǲ֪ʲôü֮䣬ƺһɢȥĳƣƺЩƣ̬

λǣʡ
ҲŤͷ

Ѧ˽Ѧɡ

Ѧ塣ֱ֣治ͼѦȷʵѦɽԼߵһβͣ˵ǰԼָ·ʵ򲻾Լô

ҡҡͷ꼵ʰ׵Ǿ߰ɡ
ǣ
һ˱ȭ

ݴţûѦɽ׼ĽӣǺһ鲽йȥôʱѦ岻ɽɫ˵һ㵭һۡ
ɲˣȴûһ£ָֻ꼺ЩʿϹõĶ

ֻǸżµʱ򣬻ѣ°ЩۣѦ忴֮󣬱㲻ɫߣĵط

룺Ѧ嵹Ǹϧ

ܿ죬뷨ͱˡ

࣬ŷָ𳤶ӣȥִ߽֪ˣӽ죬ֵղڳһʩ̣ҵ񶼿

˶ˣҲͶˣ˶ȭš
һʮŮӱһһƳײѦ壬ѦɫӲҲֻǻ˸طվš
ƲƲ죬ʾ꼷Ůӣʢ࣬һһݹȥ

Ǹжµģ˵伪黰һľʿƴ򡡡ڻҹɫʱһʩͷˡ

ͷ
ƣιǣԼΪԶʢԭϵӸЩʱ򳣼ĳ
ģִһЩޣģɫա

Ҳ֪ôˡС߶

Էܶ໹ûɢȥڸ˵ɵͷǣ겻ѣʵҦϷ˵ȥû죬ɺȻҦЩ˼룺Ҫǲ۳ʳµʮϸף

ţɲɵЦ
ü䣬ְ뿿һůƣֿµĳУŵذͷڷٲԵʮؾ

½ˡѦͻȻ
ţɻͷ
վǰҲʩ࣬Ȼһֱ٣ҲͣɿѦɽ͵ġβ͡ɾܵر̸

ʱ˿̣ҹռžһɳɣоɣҲ˳ܵƣ̬۾·ǲʲôܣҪ֮ڿڣȴǲһ

۽һ£һã̽ʵ
лҪͬ˵ô






19.     ףôˣ

ҡѦ촽⶯Ҫڣɡѽһ
ù˺ã԰ζ֡
һСסɵҡΣԼĪ꣬һ˫̺ۣ˳ŨܵĽëڴҵϣҹ紵ƾĶ£ȴЦⲻ
ζ֣˳ϣôݣ΢оȣζزҲֳܲҪԡ
Сشֻǵ󣺡С˵ùкóԵĸ⣬϶ǰζ֣ز˯ŵʱ˵λ˵԰ζ֣˵óԵĸǰζ֡
ɡŶһǲǰζ֣ɫ⡣
ɴݸ뿪ʱ򣬽ǰѦɽԷĸ㶼ˣʩʱɢһЩСͯ졣
תȥȡƿȴֻʣһҡ
Сһڻ

ûˡǸεص

ССɲŵЦϸָСһ㶵ָУɫһش¡
ǰζ֣ллùãùúˣ꣡
ɱȡٵһԼ꼷ȥȡһСԼĪǱ˴ˣŵһԴצһ£һ̾ˡ
ΣֻҡͷЦЦһŤͷٶѦ۾

㷽Ҫ˵ʲô
ûʲôѦƤ˶źۼŲĿ⣬ֻȹϣȻöӡ
ɲֻЦᵧ¡

ҳ
ѦͻȻڣ̰Ӳѧ࣬ڱ˱õ̴ʣ˺½һ·飬Ϳʩ࣬Ѧĳʵ塣
ֻˣ
ɺþ뵡˲˵ѦҲ֪гƽ̻̣ҹʱ֮ǣһ֮һ֮˵಻ΪѦɽΪ˵Աʳ֮ٺӦ֮ǣһաǰѾһΣݲӡ
͡ѦЦЦ档

ˣ棬һˣ˽ű߼ʵĴ塣
ǺѦɽ֮

ҡҡͷʩһȻ˽ᣬѦӿɻȥˣ͡
Ѧһۣȴûߣתͷȥʿæʰˡ
ĵ治֪ôġ

ˡ
ͻȻһֺõŮ
Ťͷͼһ˴ŷŵСվ󣬸һֲ£첹󲹶ִַڵϣ˵ѡ
һֱͷɿֻܿѵգһӣȴġ

СݸɣΪ󣬸нڡ

ɱ࿴һۣԽӹˣЦϣҷǧᵽζ֣ʱҲŸסꡣ
ôͬ˴һˣġ
̧ͷݻƵͷУһ˪۾ϲһȼյ̿
ߺһϣٿѪɫȫ
㡣

Ҳס̣
촽⶯ţһʱ֮ͫһ£صֻ֪ʢղ֣֪ǣ֪㡣
㲻Ӧ˳ô̻ôᡪ
˵أΪӡ

ָ߬ĩȴ̧ͷЦˣ뿪ãҵг⣬ǽƣ˵ǰҵľǶϻ֮Ե
̡
аζӡ

ҼҴҵΪΨһã׽ݲӲۿˣΪţͬһʹӶ½Сͬѧʱϲ½ףΪˣûٳĿҺӹ٣̱׶֮Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ֻû뵽һ꣬Ȼӡ

˵ֵĴˣ½
ţס
ŶãȻ֮ͻȻͷΪٶۣŹеıЦ˵ҵ˵ǸӣȻãҲһˣá
һ˵˼ãһʱ֪ôӻ


ͻȻһ䣬˫סӶȥʹĺзϺϺǡĳغ
Сȥҡĸ첲ѧǰҡ

ɱҽٹΣɫһס
ʿӿɱ棬ҹشͷźѦʱѪһһȥ
飬˶ˣ
ͯӿеƮ˵

ˣ꼹Сػҽ˵ǲ
ǡ
һֱ߽˵Լҡ
һ·ɿҺȺּҽԶԶҡҡͷ߽˶
̴Լǻعⷵգɫűȷź˲٣ǵؿɣɣ룬ؼȥ

С޵
һ£ͷãȥ

һֱ̧̻ȥʩĵطԶܿ͵ˡ
ɫ庮éݵƶк£һشĸıֻ̼áͽıڡݣ̨һһƾɵ³ǽڱߡ
˵һյƣ˴ڡ
⴫꼵ùֻǺ˵˵Ҵȥȡζ֡
ңҲҪζ֣Ҫ
԰ζ֡
ңҡСģǱ꼴ˡ

ǰѦɽˣȥ˷ɽ˵дǶΣɫȻǶ֪ɽûУͻǲ٣ΪղҪԲĹүһֻʣҺΪˡ

ѹǵݺݰһٱͱͷܡ
Ѧɽðʬ;ĵݣŭԹоҹܰ

ɣܽʶٲ£жԲס㣬Ӻ޹㣬㡪
ͻȻ
̡
ǰȴ߬ס̱ݰţΨһѪˣѣŴһߣһ꣬ҡ²ȥְ
ƶžѪ
ɣ㣬ȥʢұޱ𣿡

ɲδޱ֣ǿ֮ĩӦˣãҴӦ㡣
࣬л̴ϢţֵҪͷ£󣬱ȥɽңҲΪ»ҰˣԺ굽ҡҶˡ

ҲӦˣɫѲˣ̣ҵȵȣ֪ͨףܿ͹ˡ

½½ӡ
ͫ׻ɢ˿㺣ңȻķȲ½ӣҼã֪㣬㣬㡪
̡
ѾˣֻأԵ㵱ߵôɴ䣬֪½½ӣ
̼ת飬л˵

ףôˣǰ
촽鶯䣬Ȼ׹صԼŽŲ 

ֻһ˲䣬ٻʱз紵һƬڡ
ףôˣһ顣
Ӧģޱߵĳš




20.     ½׻ͷյĳڣֻ

ˣ
Ʊ£Χͺͺ֦·ɭɭţ˾òꡣ
½ʣΣ
Ų̫áҽҡҡͷ

½ףҴҳéȥɭɰͣûһ˿ů⣬һ˺ϣ죬ӰӰ´¼һԪбŮҪŵĺӵƣࣵƻ貣ϸϸһĨҡҷڱֽУֻ

½ͻȻͣ
ˣʡ
ǵԶЩȥһױλŮ
ǣ

Ը½״첽ߵ⣬ᵥƿţƾҡҡ׹¡֨һ
ɱվš
սȥɼӲһ£½̷ֱš
ɡ
½һץס͵һתϵ̡
ⲻĴҲ˳ͷԼţ޹ء
ô޹أʣƮģ߽·ҿЩٿЩҲ̾ͲˣᣬһŮף
ͻȻ˺ݣԴϣϣļˮʪˡ
ɣⲻģ˻Ǳ޿ɱܣھˣⲻĴ
ôǣңҶԲꡪ
½һ


ʱ㰵ã
ɥĸϵĴ̵̣飬ȴϹ˱й⣬Ҳǽҿɵľˡ

ɣ˳̵ݰأ
ֻǹ¼źͱ˵ͯУк޿ɱ粵޿ɻͷĳС
ɣ֮£֮ɻԣһһ˵ȥòã

ſںȻš
ˣ׵ˡ
˵Ҳģʶҷ

͵Ļع
ˣ꣬걻꼴ߣŸ̴ϲ̫ãø֮ǰ

Сɵ¡һ꣬Ҵȥʢޱ£ԸᣬһѻԼǽĹǻ
ţ½Ӧ˵ùˣȥѡ
ǡ
˸ߣʹ꼵ùúﻹ˵ǵȻٽȥ
ˡ

֪̲᣺ףǿЩ
˵꣬һȥ

Ը㣬ɳܹùóˣȥζ֡
꣬סﲻ
תͷɻɡ

ɽȥ棬ǰ˽ˡ
ˣǲҪ𣿡
СһƲͿ
ûвҪ꣬°£ڻһ˿ߵüշ㡣
ҡͷһȻҲҪùãҪףǲΪҳ˹ùõİζ֣ⲻԽҵ˹ùãԺỹùõġ
Ϊζ֡Ҳ̲סۿ䣬ڵϣģȴԽԽ߬סꡣ
ꡪƽ£꣬Тùùöݣùôζ֣Ѿˡ
ճţҵһһǵĹ⣬ɱ۾һ׵꣬ǿʻڱġ
ͨ
ͨ

Ѿ˳ǣȥʢһλС㣬ҪŮӣҪʻ·Ҫ¯Ҫ飬߹ĵطϮˣŽϣҲһһģĩȵŮѰ˼ҵС㻹Сˡ
ô
ţ̻ΨһС㣬ǧʳɿϵĻƷīʡֻ֣ʸд
ԶԶԣдֺÿ˵дĺã
걻״ע

ϳŶյżżĽ̸ʯOO@@ذסɡ
ʱźȻû䣬һһ类סˣֻԼģĿһͨͨ
ǵȹùæˣȥòã
ͯаЦֿڴһɲֱӡ
òãòã
׷ʣһҪõһ϶Ĵ𰸡

ɺͷ쿪Ϻϣȴ²һ֡

ҴӦ㡣
ͻȻ½׵ڵУ߶˳µؽӹ꣬Լ
ûƯӣͷֻ͵͵
ס
̫ˣһû꣬ˣʹȥףòã
ţ
صͷ

ԶԶŻѹ߽ʱ򣬶½׵ͷʾ⣬½һ꽻꼣ȸȥϴԵ㶫ú˯һ
ãܹԣģȥææǾͿ
š½װͷͬ꼽·þߣһɲɴӼҪһֱţСұȽˡ
ǣˣ

ǣˣ
겻ѧ꼵ӣЦŸ½࣬Χ˶Ծһʱ䣬̾ԩ꣬˦Źȵβڷɡ
ȥɡ½׵

꼴ˡ

ɺ½۷ȥ

ǹȥʱѱڲϣʿŻһԣ½ʾ¡

ࣼ䣬֬ͣµڴᡣ

½ףʿǰȼѡ

ȻѸӿ̵ܿ½ǡ
磬Ũ̷ҡϣԩδѵĹ꣬ڽδʣòɢȥ

̵ĺʱʱˡ
ðĹǻɺ½ױֱӳȥ

ʱӰӰ´µģ˱治òֻƼģӰƹˡ
ɷӣ½ףʣףǱ߲ˣ

ѦɽΪһ֪λȴıǵû츣һգб˽ңڲˡ
ֻõ֤ݣ֮ܽԷ

ǳ˲ᣬǼٵġ
ٵģɾˣǳ͢ղ˴󵨣
Ҷɵ̨Ӧ׼Ҳ⣬½׵£ȷǱпɽ
ǱпɽǽĵȻѡ
ףô죿

ջȳ²֡
ɣ

ͻȻͣ½һۡ
ǿ쵽ſˣڸسǹٱ濪š
½׷ӣղŵĻ⣺̰۵Ȼٲؿ
кǮׯط֣
½׵ͷ
ȷʵǸð취ɡ
Ѧɽһֱ˶ǣҪ۵׵£ط

ںȻ¡
СˣϿţ˵Ѧ˵С

ɫ˲ѿѦɽֱ̫
䣬ͻȻ

ȥһŨй

Ѧɽõǹ졣ɵ
Ѧɽ½ɫһ䣬Сġ
½׾סҪԼһ֧Ѿƿն롣
½޷ֻ֣һŤͷȥµĳһֻһ֣ѾѨĿյ֪°ˡ
½׻ͷյĳڣֻ²ŷɡ
ɣ




21.     ȻѰֵĵط


½׻ͷ, յĳڣֻ²ŷɡ
ɣ

½ὣ׷ȥ
οȣֱŨȥ, ԳеμΪϤ, ᳵ·ܲס½׷ᡣ
˵ľԽԽԽԽۿ½׵Ľ, ܹԷʱ, ͻȻಡһ졣


½³ûκԥƴȫǰˡ
͡
ͽƤͬʱ

½ƺһ, Ͼ˼Լϵ, Ѹὣ˴ȥ
ҷˣ˪ǴＷġ
㿪, Ҫʱ, ½׵ĳǲġ
һ, ֪ս½ٶȳʱͻȻ㣡
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***
Ѧ

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ԶԶԣˣϲ衣

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㣡ŵôǸۡҪүңҡ
ҲԸϻҷʲôʧҪѦɽԴȥ
㣡
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һ⣬֪иãҲץŴǵ̽ˡ
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ϣԶεһףζͬׯϣԾʶûһ˿衣
䲻棬ȴҲǳġ
Щʢķ磬ι¥ι䱦УԹ뷿ӹ֬졣




ʢ˳Ȼ飬һһ΢΢̧ͷһĹЦУѩ滨УӵһĨĺɫ
̶ʧЦ
ΪǺɫ
һμɵʱǧĨɫһ̣ڻԼĴʻֵʱһŴ屻⣬ͻȻƿЩˡ
Ȼ˵Ըͬۡ
˵½ĳˡ
˵ףδ䣬˵С⣬֪ܷ񣬲֪ܷƸΪޣֻǺ֣ǼʱգһھˣԴƽǣͬһ䱦

ſڣһѣЦⰡС˲ϲ֣ˣǸӣװǺȣͬţԺͬˣԺкĪҰ

ЦЦ̧ž׷˳ȥߵ⣬ֻ֣ͭз紵Ժ滨ҲԶеıӰѶԵãɫͬط磬ش
һգû׷⣬ҲȢɡ
ֽ½ĴţȥΡ


Ƕ

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Բ⡣
½׶Ȼ˫ͫһ㣬ɲŭĿޣɭɭܼҡ
Ѧɽ㲻ˡ

ȻȻȥˣ½ܼҲϵ亹ֱһķŵ棬˿̶۾ųϻ̳Ͽ֡
ԵȣϾ
ܼҲסͨõȡ
ǿ½ôǸĹ٣һҲԵ͸ѦɽΣߵ˶壡
ԼҲǣڸôˣǺٻˣԼＸأҲ죬ο죬Ǵʢġ

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һ̧ͷѾһɫЦ˵ʵǲɣƣ¹پͽƫɾ½˼Цˡ
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½ˣкηԸʡ

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Ѧɽ½ףãһЦָǷ׵ĲյڷСϣǸĪϷĿ飬ĮȻ˵½ʶ࣬˺αܿء
Ѧɽ´ǳһЦƣҲ붯Ѫģ⣬ҲԸ½ˣҸĴûеҽ˳֡ˣɡ

ֻһֻ˳ľεСֲ͸ĹǴУͼ˺һߡ

ѦɽЦʳָס壬䶯̶ٿЦɭǷɷİס
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Ҳ̫ˡ
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ɵʱҲԼĪ͡

Ұˡ½˵Һܴģһᾡȥȣܿܰá
𣿡
ģǰ첻á½ĻЩѿڶĺͯһ˲ֹסԼĻЦˣָ̧٣һõģûǡ
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ߣһμŮ֪ŮҲգѦɽҲգʲộʱҪڡ
Ҫٿ㡣ɭɭȻ˵꣬ĸһ񣬾ֱͳȥ

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ǿ˵׼ҹ˸үô
㣬Щӹ֬׷ۣôܸȡ
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˵ˣүԸΪݰԩ½ֱ̧

̳ƽﱻ˳Цˣû˻񣬼
˲âڱ̱ܿ½׵Ŀ⣬Ӵͷۣý㣬Ѿιһڡ
䣬һϣߺֺѾֻڸ±֬۾ùͷҲΪС

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ûͻᣬ½ģðһүȥѧ꼽㡣
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˵Ҳá
۾һתֵӸҽ⿪ô
ɡ
ۿŹԶˣɻˣУңңĪˣ
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С㡪Ȼһ
ɵǲϲǸ̿Ͱ
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ע⵽С㡯ֵʱ۾һ¡

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ˡ￪ڣã̫ã½˿Ҫˣʱͻᱻˡ

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뷨ֻһ룬ܿ죬ɨ뷨źۼһЦ￴ƴϻۣȴ㲻һǡɾǡ

Ա㣬ֱãųȥˣŵɣһ֪ôԼ佻¥Ϣ½ˣ





22.  Ծ   ˭


ڶ, ˡ

֨һ죬͵۾ȵġţһ

˵
һ߰СѾͷŽ, ķ۵, ȴԴϬǳ˪ҪˣҺһʱ岻õġ
ǺǸСӴ, Һô˽, Ȼֵ뷨Ӻҿû취ˡ


˵˵
͡
ʳطϣбۿ, ƺ, 壺˵˪, ȥȴƽ, ֻ¹Ǩ, κͶ̥ȥˣƫͰͼţס˰ѱʱʱһߴ硣


ˣüһƲüһݺһקĲͻȻ˪㣬ԵõĿȫʳ޳أʲôʱֶ
һ
˵, ӶԳ˪ã޸ɾҲһд١
˭

Ҫܣ۾ɣŷӦԼ˵̫ˣװͰ͵Ҹղ˵ģ㲻߳˪㡣
úúãԷҪճʲô
˪˵죬Ȼˡ˸¥Ĵ˰˵СˣҪûθڣͶŰ㣡
Ҳǲԣӣģһ̧ͷüŭĿʮֿɰʱֻÿ춼Ҫȴ˱ġ
ž
ϣûд˱
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ղЩۣŶʼ磬Ͼ

й޺ջָƲƲ죬Ʋֵˣո͹
У۾һ

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¥ºһ̶ˤʱǽϣŶǽǡ
׷ʣ𣿡
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ɨһۣЦˣɻôɫģ
˪ģ˵ɻɫġ
¡ɵͷˡ

ܿ죬ɳԹϣʳˣһ佻¥̰죬ö˶˵ģͬ˵Щʲôǵġ
񣬰û޼£ֻȥҴ˱ˡ

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òҵһģƹȴɽˮĵطʢеĶСѾͷҿҲˣȥ˵ĳԵˡ

ҼӾƹģʶ㣬취ɣ˫ֺʮ
ƹıû취ˣָ·˵ĳӣղ˴ʢģȥǶ˵˼һ

лͳȥ

񷰵һܵĻѩ䡣
ǰ߳Ķ飬Ƕ룬Σ͵
ͬ캮ضͬԱߵ̿裬ůʮ㣬Ѭ˻˯

ү
̳иܹ棬ͻȻڽۣͼѦɽվԼǰϹЦˣȥЪţ¹š
ȥÿ½ȥ̳г˳ӣһûɵϢ

ûС
ǾͶЩȥңݾôĵطһˣƾʧ˲ɣ
ǡ
̳һСϣյ͵
ҲˣۣոͷĿ˴򽻵۱۾
˵ţ̳ƤһƣͻȻ
ѦɽƤʱһ鴤
ÿ̳вͷý㣬ñ࿴㣬ϴϴ۾
潼޹ǿ

ү
ƿӣжỴ̈󣬽Ķŵ̳ǰ
ࡣ

Ѧɽ̵˵ȴֱ֮ү֮ڣ¹ȥš
꼶ͷϵ˱š
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˵Ŷ룬Ҩһףȥ
ЦʣүΣ
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˵ҼҹҪԴ
ƨ̳ѵôֱһأһվŭ˵Ǹ첲ֲȣʲô޶

ΡȻС˲ңүҪȥ
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̳ؿѦɽһۣȻŭһѽյϣ½ײҲڱǰۣϽ
˸תˡ

Ѧɽһԣ̳еĻ֮󣬲ŵ˵үУ¹ٽǡɵһֻүԸ͸ȥ¹ٸһۣ
ȥȥȥȥھȥ̳תߣѦñ֮ģ½ףֱéʯͷֳӲˡ
ߵſʱ̳ŤͷాЩϡˮģѺˡ
ǡ
Сȥﴫ

졪
Сߺߣү㡭
û˵꣬ѵһһ˿ңӼĿİͰʣôˣ

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˵ٱˣĵط˵ȲڣôǼǲס˵ţɷˣȥȥȥൽǰŶȥ

Ƶ˺üתͷ̨ϵûˣ֪³ˣЦл壬л塣
˵꣬һˡ

***
ڶ죬Ըȵ˴˱
棬һιһߺ޺޵˱Ūˣ㲻׼Ļ߳˪㡣
ԣ컹ȴ˱
ȣ۾ɴ󣬰ˤŭ֪֪ҡ
˵һ룬ֱѸٸ˿ڣ治֪˪ʲôʲôˣһ쵽ĵģźˡ
ó˪¡

ʱ䵽ˣȻ㡣
䵭Ůɻͷͼһµĳ˪ûˣȥɡ
ƲƲ죬ʳгȥˡ

˪ɾûЦʡ
Ҳ춼
Ŷɿ
˪ɫģԼ˼į뵽ˤ±˲²⡣
Ҫ˵ʱ¥ȻЦ˸̩Ǯׯϰ壬ǧûλүټӼۣ
ţҪϸʱ˪һֱ̧ӽӹˣ˲Сࡣ
תͷȥ˪ǿô
㾹Ȼ֪
ȣǰʢʱײһΡɫȻ˶٣ֵ£˪ͬ˵˵ɾ£

ͬ˪һ૵Եˣûʲô˵ģ˵˵½ˡ
ͬף
ţ˵ΪȢ㣬˵Ȩ󣬲űֵġ
Цˣǿɡ
ǿ
Ҹ߽㣬ΪңôˣΣ

˪ͷû𻰡
ʲôˣֻ֪ôˡͷŻ¥µڵƻӰУ꼸
˵
Ҵǰ۽ޣЦˣҹɫͬһ㲨Եԡ
ˣǰİֻǸµĺӵʱϲġ
Ƿϲ·ڳɻǵһ֡
ģż

޶꣬ȻǴ磬ʱҵҿɲȥѧáΪѧ飬ڽĺãǾһ죬ҿʼϲˡΪҼסֱһ죬꣬Ҷ㿪֣ð嵽ѧãҿ

ɫįȴ䴽Ц£γմ飬ӰѩƤʧˣ̧ͷʱׯ½ˣܺãڶ飬벻ڣԣ𡣡
ѡ
˭ûѣɵ
˪΢һ£̶ҲЦһƻ˵ǰҶѡĩˣ½û£㲻صġ
ɵͷȴ㡣
ûµġ
˽½ףԼصһѰ
һΡ
͵͵ģŹƻ󣺡˪㣬벻ɾһҿ԰ǡ
ó˪ϲǸɾϰ
ء
ɾΪʲô
ͺܺãģҲˡ
˪㡪
ɻ˵˪ȴҡҡͷ½ϣ뿪ˡ

ſ֨һֹˡ
ϣ̾˿˪вͨģڿָֻ̳ˡ
̳а̳аǧʧ

˪ųȥͼϣں޺ǲݰݰҿǲݰԷɻ
ţǰͻȻһ˫ѥӡ
ͷһʱŵĵڵϣɫ





23.  ҵ˺벿֣   ʲ

Ѧ, 㡭ôˣ
㣬һ˿µģ

ͦΣ, ǰ, ƻ𶼱˴롣
Ѧ塣
ѦЦֱų˪ʲôˣ

ûУɹأˣ˪һܸ, ȥ, תͼ˪վϣɫ, ü䲢ϲɫ
ˡ
ǰÿѦʱ, ˪㶼ܿĵģôӣ
Ѳ˳
ͷ, Ѧ, ֿ˪
˪ˣȥ
Ŷʳ, ̳¥ߡ

ôпչ˪ڣġ
ˣ۾һתߵ¥ݿʱ˲ע⣬һ㵽Բ໨ƿ

Ѧߵ˪࣬£պ˳㡣
˪б, 쵻֮£ɴƮɴϴֱɴһǣУ߲Ӱ봰Ļ֦ңӦ
佻¥𱣬һֻ֦չĿȸȺҷ
ںڷѩƤһ컨䣬ͷһЦʱαڼιϡ
˰Ц費ذһҵϣҲ¶ˡ
ò׿ţҪ̱ʴģЩʲô˵ˣϣүҲǲмġ

˪Цһ
ž·жǡ

ѡ
죬˪üһѱסѦ˫ֽ䱦һ㣬ס֣ҿȢ㣬㲻ش

¥Ȼը
ϲ̩ׯǮϰ壬ձ˹飡
ϲְ
лλãлλϡ

ӵİķĻһ£ͷͷŮ˸̨
ѶֻգһС̧佻¥
븮Ϊ檣򱻰լΪһξ˵ҡ

Ȣң˪૵ЦƤϱѩڣȴɭɭ⣬һ˲䣬ֳ佻¥Ǹദĳ˪Ҫޣøĸ֮ý֮ԣȢ

˪
Ѧ壬㲻ܵġ
˪Цһ֣÷羪ӶɴһվÿɴᣣƷһ㣬Ȼһˡ

ڻƿ󣬿Ѧϵɫֻԭվ˺һת¥

һŴӻƿ
ˣ˪ϲѦӵģΪʲôԸ޸أ
Ҳ£˪ҲøѦӡ
Ǻ֡

ԴһûȻСһţˣˣ˪ľͶˡ
Ƿλ컹ҪԴ˱͵͵ȥǸӡ

ͷʱԶԶʱͷҪˡ
Ҫ㿪ʱۼ⿴ܹ

㡢ôˣ
壬ͷٸһδ˱
⣬첻Ѿô컹Ҫ
ǸҪԣ˫ֺʮС壬ˣٸһΰɡ

챻û취ټϿϵķݶϣΪѴӦˡ
Ҫȥʱֳ֣ûˣջ𡣡
æŽȥˡ

˺ͺڴˡ
СѾͷʵ̫˵ˣǰȰȵûͣߣǸ鷳ǲݰҿ
ѵ
ˤ˹ŭȵ˵ʲô㡪
δ˵꣬ͼһܽ

৵һ°ˣ
ʲôûͷӬƵҴڣɫĶܲˣ˵˵Ҫˡ
촽£Ѿ˵ˡ
̧һָǶи׸ףԲ˵ġ

ָ̳ܵĵطƿӣ̶˽ȥ
ϣȻǰҸղ˵Ķˣ
㡭㡭
£ˣǲݰݰӲݰ

ɫҰף뵽׸ŵλɻݰ֣ƴȫŰѻ˵ɱɡ
Ĳһ˲䲻˵ˡ

ͻȻɵĽŲһѶתһȦϣСãûп˽
а
Ķ
ӽ㲻ǰվô
һЦǳңɻˣ
û
۵ȫǴ棬תѰˡ

ǸˣԳˡ
䣬̳Ųӣ׸ͨһȥˣµ
죬Ǹʲô̳еҲүģǼзݣ÷һ롣
úúãӦˣҪô࣬Է롣
ǾͶлСˡ̳йǰղС˵Ӻź򣿡

ߣŲأ
ӻôţ
˵ǹ͡˯˯˳ԣӵĹͣ

˴οԹ󣬱ס죬Ŵ˱á
̳°ͣ˼š
춶Ӷղסˣǿøһţֱ˵ڵأͷү

̳ûչ첽ߵſڣˣǸСѾͷȥĶ
ȥˡ

ԼĪʱȥٵǰػ
佻¥̳ŵôϱȷ佻¥
ȷ

̳ԥƬ̣ȥ½ס

ȥʱ½£б꣬һ°׽ۣԡٺ£ǵûаɫɫһ㣬Ƿϡ
Դɱ°½ױ࣬ʱڸãʱӡ
ѦɽЭˣ˽ȴһֱɡ

½Ƽ̳Уү£
ţ̳߹̨£ҵɵˡ

½ԭʹԣ͵Ťͷģյһ˫۾úˣʣ
佻¥һг˪Ļ
ͷүط½׿첽̳йݸ
̳в½ףѦɽץˣ޷Ϊǯ㣬뿪ʱԻὫͻ
үܱ֤ҷ˰Ȼô
̳һɤۡ
˵棬ͷүҹҶŻУһ
䣬½̳һ
½ף侲㣡̳еҪǸѦɽ˺ˣǽ˭֪ʲôǴӳ顣
½û̳УͷҲصˡ

Ժӣ½׽꽻Ůֱ佻¥ȥ

ҹĻϼҼұջΨ佻¥Ŵ򿪣׺¥ҹҡΣ߲£һֻֻŤӰǴӵĶҹƤڵƻɺ͵ݡ

Ӵү
½׸ſڣһŨüŤ֫ӭ룬үǵһĹﰡ
ҳ˪
ӴǿǶԲסӣ˪⼸Ӳˬݲ

˲ˣλˣ
½ɫȻλˣ˹·Ѧ˵£СԴ

佻¥Ѧɽĵطҵɣֻ䡣
𱱻½ױ壬˹ȥҳ˪

½׸Ů¥
һ·˲ٻɫĳǱǽڷף޲ʱѦɽǧС
ԵȣŮͣūȥͨһ
½׻񣬵ͷŮߵһȷǰߵ˪пá

ڣ˪ߣڸŪһ֧Ρ
䲻˪һ̽սȥš
˭
δ˵꣬һذѾϣĶ

ݰüڣ䶢
˪۲΢½ˣ
Ķ
ڡ
ѵ
׹ص˳˪Ļ

½ذ׵ڳ˪ϣѭȥ
һֻͭˤڵϣһСѾͷͭ棬񾪿ֿ˫ֽס͡

ҡҲУҡУ㣬˺˪㣬˺
½ײԣЮų˪ȥҰɡ
ƴͷײײܡ

֨ʱУ̵ϼ¡
ڡ
ž⡣
ţɺۣŤͷͼЮֳ˪

ף۾˲ˣŴȴĲȣֱֱȥ
ʶ۾һ̣ӹѱӵ
ףô
ҡ
ٸץҪ޹˵뿪
¥ͻȻη

ʶ½׵½
£½ıģڡ
ɿ½׻Уһͻ㾲һ

¥³󣬼
ס佻¥ÿڣһֻӬųȥ
¥ॵһӣѸٹƽ

ҹ˺ŵ䣬ԭĽִţա

ɺ½һ¥ݣһȺˣѳʣйλεģ¥еĵ

ѦɽȺм䣬һյ裬½˺
˵Ҳ졣
Ѧɽ죿½ְȳ²ʹò
յСϣ΢ƫͷɣˡ¹׾δ½˾ССһټŮӣȨ֮ˣɽˮ֮취½ȡ
ɵǣ类ʴ֪ɹɹ󡣡
ɹ󣿡Ѧɽ֪뵽ʲôЦһҡͷԣָŲУȻ븾ˣ֪ȨΪΣΪΣҲգ²ԣֻҪ֪λ½Ҳǰ±ɡ
ʲô˼ʲô
ܶʲô㲻½ˣʲôѦɽС⣬һϷʣϾɡ

ܵƻӰӰ´£¥֮£ɴƮϸɴ꣬һʱ֮˿
Σʰɣ½ˡ
ס
ѦɽȻ˫һУճȭȴֽɿסյǰǣ۴Ҷô
ѦɽЦ½֬۶УŲʬζ⻨¥ݺֲŪ쳣Ҳ½հ
˵ʲô
ô½ľδ壿Ѧɽڻ¥ס˼գ½˱ŲգͻˣΪǸʶʱĿܣȴ룬ҲǸĶȻַ˵Ƥ˳ջȴЩͼֺñϵףȴ֪ǿѹͷߣҾҪڻͬȥܵظΪ㰧ԩ֪½οܱգ

Ѧɽ㾹ͼֻ죿
ͼѦɽЦ
֮Ī浱Ѳڣֻǿԣղײͬ
ţѦɽȻɵĻʱ䣿ô½ˣô㵱үǣ
ɫһס
ѦɽЦһٳˣȴҲº꣬½˴˷ҹĿֻǣϧ·㲻ߣƫҪ½ףͬϵģһܷһ
ˡ
Ѧɽϸϸ˰Σĩˣ۽һţвյϣȥ

ӰֱͦȴЩȻְɡ




24.     Ѧɽˡ

һȺ˵, Ŀ˹

ͫ͵һֻǰӰιѱ½״С
, ۾, ңµġ
½׵ͷ͵͵ġģİ
Ա۾, ϸ׵ָ, ס½׵½

½̧ɨһ˹ˣɫȻúһ, Ǹдµĳ, սĽ
ֱɣһͬʱ, ֶеĳ, ͬǲ

ʱ䣬㵹, ⽣ӰУɴƮ뱻öϣʹ˷
ҡҷɱ֮ͶǽϣһƤӰϷѦɽȴûĵĿͣԳߡ

ۼѦɽҪǰȥʱͻȻ˴һ߿
ѵ
ײǽ, صſϵĻµ

Ѧɽ̧ͷһ˫ӥӣѸٳȥ
ʱһ˲ľ㵣գۼ䣬üּչɭȻһЦ㵹ùˣԼӣȻˣǱپȫģˣ
Ѧˡ
һģδѵ롣
Ѧɽɫ䣬ſ⡣

꼲࿪ӣҹɫУֲ̧̳߳գƴƤһƣɨһۣЦˣѦˣͲˣ֣ôϱһأ
Ѧɽ亹˲ˡ
̳ôʱӦڳУôᡭ
̳б˴ӵŽӰ˰
ʩʩȻЦⲻѦˣ͵ˣñ֮ģǲͼҩñ֮ˡ
¹ʶ˲壬үˡүˡ
Ѧɽɿ컬һĨ裺һûõķС¶첻á

Ѱ಻סѸٷǰһ߿һۣ½࣬ȵүڴˣȰΣ
ү
˾ɣͷ̳̫ʦϣһʱ˭
ӣô
½׳ҡͷɵıģˣɣûˡ
ɻۣ½ûˣ˿̧ͷȥȻŤת
ѦɽˣϤǵ˿סˣ̳д̴̫ʦϣѦɽüһԣǰŵơ

Ѧˣ̳еֳ°ͣϾʣղŽʱ˵Ҫȫ꼵ģ
¹١¹١
ڿ꼵ǳȫˣҪ㿼ǿǣȫ˱½׵ģ̳̫ʦϣؿѦɽһۣϹЦ
Ѧɽʱ޹ģȴ¶ֺֻ̫¹ٲףүǺ⣿
˼ǣ½ˣҲǿֶ鲻ǣ̳ɢЦţЦȴδ۵ףԹɵЩɥ£һһʮҶ˯Ⱦǣ
ү¹ٻ̿֡
Ѧɽͷһ˿ңɫתķɿ죬Ѹ˼еס
ǵݺһһԼƤӵ£ǲõʲô֤ݣǶȻըԼ
ϡ

ѦɽͨһڵأĨʹޣү¹ԩ¹֪ҹ£սսһøĸ٣츣һա
Ѧҹ£·ɽԩɣЦŴѦɽĻ
½⻰⣿ѦɽװͿ
ɵǵ֮ǰ㽫İգȥɽ˵дΪβʵأɽֻʳ˹ĲǻѦɽΪһ֪Ϊıб˽˽ðյ;ĵݣʧĸɥӣɥɥѣԩδɢҹܰ

ⷬһǳɣʱ䣬ţΨҹ
Ʊ紵ҡΣνקѦɽӰӣҪϵƤ¶ª
Ѧɽȴ§סԼƤһԩģ
½ˣԩ¹ˡѦɽƤһ㽫ڵ˵ɰ׵ġ
½֪ɽݵڣר֮ʬģΰˣ඼ǲģʬҰ¹ҲģǲǻᴫȾİ¹ҲΪһǰ밡
㡪
ɴûô޳ܵˣ˶ڶ
½סǰһб˽һ£ѦҲϣ
½ˣ¶ý֤ݲǣղݣ¹ٰѦɽɫȻȴͲûѡû֤ݣͲܰҡ仰дˡ

ȭͷĿ֨졣
½̧סѦɽΣѦԼǣ½ĳܽˡ

ѦɽѾƶˣ½û֤ݣһʱɵŶСۣЦȻˣ¹½仰
ϴ
֪غڣͳͬ⣬Ѧɽ⿴ۣ״š

½׵ͷҲ֪ûȥ
Ѧɽ̳һ񣺡үҹ¶صģЩȥЪŵĺá
̳һǸѣɢŷʱ½׵ѦĪˣ֮˻ûꣿ
ţѦɽɻͷ

½ͻȻʣǰѦǷأõʲô
Ǹᣬ¹ٿԡ
½ĳ֪ѦɣȻܸ½ĳһĽ͡ҡ
½΢̧˳ëһ⣬ɱ֣ۻһ㡣
ңѦõɣ޷ǻ¥ˮ߻½ĳҲǡаˡ
½ˣ⡭
ڣ½ĳֻԭ䣬½̧Ѧɽ
£ѦɽȷԼղû½ɱģɵɫ󺧣˼½ףǳ͢٣˶ң㡭
δ˵꣬㱻һϥǣصһȥ
Ҽҹӻղأ㲻˵ˣЩ̰֤һ˶ֻãΪηɱġ
㣡Ѧɽɫ࣬ȥ̳е۽ǣү½׵ΪȻҪɱ¹ٰ

̧̳ɨѦɽһֱۣӣҡͷԻŲģˣ͹˵ķϣ֧С
Ѧɽ̹йȥ
ʵʵ־ܣзĿܣҪǲȻĽտɾļˣټ㻹ѡһȽϺá
үѦɽС۳ԲȻղͬ½һԩ¹ٰ¹ٲ¹١
һôأ̳еҹϧأ˿Ѧ͵ģѦ𣿡
Ѧɽɫʱķࡣ
ԭôġ̳ɱ½֮ܰԼժĺܸɾ
ȴ룬ͷԼȻб
Уô־ܡ

Ѧɽĺ̳Ƽˡ
ôţѦԩɱ½ײɣ뽫Ҳɱˣ̳ЦһǱȰѦ˿ɵÿٶְ
˵꣬°

¹λεģб¹ģȴһй⣡
̳нҹ׼ģڶ֣ѻʯ
Ѧɽڵϣͷȥ

̳ˣˣ£дȥ˯ˡ
˵̳֮дżˣ½ףʰһ̯ӡ

Ѧˣѡѡһ¡ŰѵסѦɽļιǣչ
ѦɽʹɫŤҡ
ôʶȤͺ
ɿ֣ѦɽҪ̧ȥιʱѵһԵ˵ϡ
Ŀɿڴͷ
ͷС˹ƶˣʡ£ͨ籨š

̳֣ƺҲûʲô¡
̰һ£ǣ㣬ѦɽˣҲȱݣʱѺס©

Ǵ佻¥ʱңˡ
ʻ֮ɲſڣףǲǣûҵѦɽ֤ݣ
УղӦóˡ
ѾüĿˣûõȷ֤ݣҪٵȵȡ
½ôһ˵˲ͲԵɣ۾СʵٵȵȵģѦɽֲĶҡ
Ѧɽĳ룬Ѧɽ½ڲҲ׶Լʲô
ɣ֪ģ¡½֪룬֮ѡҹ֣һΪ㣬Ҳ͡

ͣɺɵ
Ѧɽ̰һ£ݹԱ̻ǣ㣬Щ֮Ϣͨһһڵ飬˱
УѦɽΪܾͽԩ㣬ʵȴطסѦɽûӦ֮ǰһٷǹ̹ᣬ̰֤ݣ
½׵ͷ
Щģֻһʱ䣬ҵ𣿡
ʵ磬Щ˱õϢ񾪷ɣЩһᵽ쳣Ȼ̻ٵ˲
Ҫٲ飬ˡ

ɱ°֮Ǳڵˡ
½ܡ
Ǿͺáһõ֤ݺ̰ܱ֮Էˣպ󣬰ղٱѹեɽϵԩҲܰϢˡ
˴ͻȻһ¡ǰǾ˵һĻֳ
뿪˳Ǻ½׷ʲôýǰΪƽ
ɵ꣬

ɴ۽ޣųװڿ羰Ŀȴʱʱ͵½ס
ʻǲʣԥ
ƽ½Ͳˣҹ¡

ǰǾ䡮סĪģ½ҪεǸܾõĴ̡
ʢһֱܶҳ£ɶ
Ȼѳɻˣ½׻ҪһԵɡ

ģֹߣڰײ˸š
һȲŲߡ
ôˣ½ײķ

ҡͷû¡
ԭʵģײ½ʱ־ûҪˣЩ¶ȥˣҲûʲôˡ
ܵǰ
ɵ˲佻¥ĵϸֵطһۣȻܳǧ̫ˡ
á
ְ˺һɲ̽ʣǲҲл˵

½״Ƭ̣㡣
ѳɻˣΪʲôҪˡ

½׽ͻݺ󣬱ˣѦɽˣϼӿˡ
ɻطǰЩģ꼽ѦɽҹҪЩ
Ȼǽҹǳ䲻ץѦɽСʻ괬
˷ģԶš

ɵͷԺС
⼸佻¥һ֬ζɲϲ̫Ũҵζһȥԡѡ
ԭ½׻ģɵŵţſ˯˹ȥ

˯ԺʱͻȻֺģкܶ߶ǴӸԺӴġ
ѦɽѺǸԺ
͵۾̳ǱȥյԺſڣͼ̳Ҳżæŵˡ
һɣͼʣôô½õ֤𣿡
ҡͷ
ʲô̳ɫ˲ˣֵҲ֪
˵ҡͷǵģˡ̳бҡͷˣؿڣһͬԺ첽ȥ

ԶԶģͼڵƻͨ½״̨ɫõӡ
ףɿ첽ȥڳ˲ֲԤУʶȥ½ס

½ĴָüģƣѦɽˡ





25.  飨ޣ   ⼱֢ÿʱ򡭡

ˣŻһʱ, ôͻȻˣ̳еŭҹ˪䣺˭𿴹ܵģ

Ĭָ䣬Ѧɽ, ӽԡ, ͵͵¡
̳п꼣һں䣬ĶҪʹȥˡ
ɵô£
佻¥Ѧɽһֱû, ҲԹ, ϢǰͻȻ鴤, , ±ȥɡ
ɻǳһ
ȴʱ, ѦɽѾˡ

Ѧɽ佻¥ʱ, ͱˣ֮һֱ粽, ôͻȻˣ
ʣʲô
ݲ֪ҽҡͷ
һ⻰̳˲ըˣŭģɱɱܵиԭݲ֪ʲô˼
үϢŭѦϲδˣϷ, ಻жӡ
ûˣֲж˼ѲѦɽģ̳˵˾仰˵꣬վڽҽ٣ͻȻᶶ˶
½ۼƼˣʵ˵

⡪ҽη̳һۡ
̳ŭ˵˵µģͷ
ҽһ̵ѦϿţͻ֢ûģΣʬ֮󣬷֪
½׵ͷҽȥˡ

̳ЦһѦɽ⼱֢ÿʱ򰡣һָж˻أ
¿˲빫ӡү𷣡̹
Ѧɽܻ𣿡̳з˸ۣŤͷȥ½ףǱ߲ˣ˲õ𣿡
½ƣüģõһ֡
һǶ٣
ѦɽУԼӻй뿷ϸ˲Ѳ鵽δ鵽̩ɽкѦɽ˲
̳
ѦɽΨͼϲܣ͸Уǡ
еϰѦɽ
ǣϰһصˣһֱͬѦɽǱΪ飬ѽ˴ˣ󡣡
Ķ󣿱ȥƣͲˣ޷죬һѱץס
½Ӵ̳йȥ

˵һתȥ½ףףԹּңȻв鲻Ѧɽܻߵ㲻Ǯׯ֡
˲ˣջ񡣡
ֲ鷨Ȼǲ鲻ġ
½תͷɣԸꡣ
ĸңǰǿǮׯģǮׯײɹĵطϲܼӣֻҪͨǮׯһٳȥʱܳΪɾӡ
㻳ɣкǮׯᣬΪѦɽϴ
ԣѦɽ̰ԣܵȴӣֻһֿܡҪǱӣɸɾĿڴôȻҪΨһת˻ɵģֻǮׯ

½׳Ƭ̣̱һ֣̩Ǯׯ
̩ǮׯͻȻһס½ףףȷ̩Ǯׯ
ȷе˲ǵǮȡǴ̩Ǯׯߵġ

ԭˣ
ԭˣ
жʱ˲룬̧ͷӣף㻹ǲǵãǰ˵佻¥Ϊļ۸̫ߣ
½׵ͷ
ҹû֮ǰ佻¥ڰ컨ۣǧ˸ˣ̩Ǯׯƹ񡣡

ȫˡ
ѦɽУδֱӣûнӽ̩Ǯׯ̩ͬǮׯкû˻ɣмǣ̰
ӽ뵽̩Ǯׯ̩֮Ǯׯϰ壬취תͻѦɽϣ佻¥ǧ
ЩĲ²⣬Σǵ½ȥ顣

½Ҳ뵽еĹϵ꼣ȥץˡ
ӦȥʿѸˡ

䣬ǺбһϵľսҲóˡ
ɽиʱϯ½׽ͻطУȥǰ

ݵæµ˰ޣһֱڷеϢҹʱ½ǲ˵ˣ˯
һ㰲˯ˡ

ڶʱͷѾúܸˣƿգŶĩĺּųᣬĺɳ򢣬ͥлѩչһϵı裬Ҳδδڻš
ѩڣݵĴҪˡ

ùáùá
һŴŮͻȻɻͷűײһһ˽סȣùãڻˣѽ
걻ʱɫ˺ܶ࣬ҲԲ˲٣ʮַۿɰ
СèƵģϲѽģһƬ
˱ⶺж룿
ţǣ״ġ
ɣ

ѽǣžãԼݵĲУʾ֭룬ֵùòʱ䣬״Ķȥģÿģһÿ춼ڵȹùûأ
ɱһģЦˣ˹ıӣ֪ùûΪ״˿ʼ߶𣿡
ѽѽ걧סɵĲţùã״˵Ǿߣǲھѽ
ʱߣ״˰ѻ˻ûץأ
Цּ䣬Ů½ˣпá

һɣزģ˭ݷ
ֹ֣ǻȥˡ

սͼٴĲż£ŸվŮӡ
˪㣿ɾȺ
ٴŮӻͷ¶һ˫˪¶۾´˾䣺½ˡ

ҹ½׸ץѦɽˣ˪ڱˣΪʲôԶ
Ȼ˪ڱʣ½ˣѦôˣ
̾˿
ڻ¥ʱҲʹ˪
ɵ˱ţʲô˵
Ѧɽһ֮ԸĿеĵ˪ЦƬ̣ʣ½ˣȥ𣿡
⡪Щԥ
ѦѦɽĸ죬ܶ飬Ǳ°빦
ҹѦɽΣΨһ֪ˣֻѦˡ
Ѧٳ£ǡ
˪ȥȰȰĪҪΪŰˡ

꼣ȥ½׵ͻȻ
Ťͷͼ½״ɴҹѣﲼѪɫһû˯ȴȽ
˪½׵л󣬴ҴҸˡ

ɼ½һ뵡ɵЩۣѲݹȥô
ţ½׽ӹѣ£УڵµûѦɽûֱҪӣûУӴ̩Ǯׯٴ̩ǮׯתһȦΪ壬ȫ佻¥С
֤֤ڣ
½׵ͷ
ų׷֤֤ڣͬѦɽͬ۵Щˣһܲˡ
ˣ
תͷ˵ʱ½ȦϣѾ˯˹ȥ
תһҹˣҲóŲסˡ

ϲѻðɽŲ½ԶЩȹӣ˳ȥԺ⡣
½ףػŵûʲô£ЩȻȥˣ½
˵˼֮ԶԶģ꼴ų˪ˡ

һ£û뵽˪Ѧ廹۷ӭȥ
˪ѦӦʵѦɽУ½˿ķϣܱȫ
˵ţ˪ӯӯһݡ
æס˪㣬ɷˣһͬ׵ġ
л½ˡ˪Ҫ뿪ˣǰһξ룬ĻͷͻȻǳǳЦЦл½ˣԸ
ţһ⡣
˪ȴЦЦδٴ𻰣ˡ

תͷȥ꼡
ʵҲףɿͷҲףֻ˪˵ʵѦɽУ޸
ȻѦʹӦˣ
꼵ͷ
⡪Ŀ࣬Щ˼顣
ѲɣѦȢ֮⣬˪ϼޣѦɽˣ˪ִԲû֮ȰѦӻͷ
ֵѦ˵Ҫӡ
Ǹ£ɲ꼽ȥˡ

֤֤ѦĿУ̰۰ݴСԱ永еģʮˣЩԱץ죬·޲Ѫ
ŭ½׺̳˵Ǻƽ
̳й˹ϵĺãϣ½ףȰҲ׷ˣֱӰηɱȥˡ

⼸죬½׻ڲѦɽ
ȥʼֻһƼ֢

½´ŲиĲҶҶɵ̨֮Ѧɽȴûаϱ߶Ȼбˡ
Ҳ֪бˣɹؼǣѦɽˣ̳˫һ̯״ܲлһʣĸ˸ɣ

̾˿ʣѦǱҲû
½ҡͷ
Ѧɽĸôô
Ҫ˵Ҳˣ̳дɵĻʩʩȻվҶɶ̨ˣβͶû¶˵˼ҹλͣһС־ͱˣϽ̯ʰ꣬ʢ¡
˵̳꣬תˡ
Ժֻʣ½׺ˡ

ĬƬ̣½ʣɣô
ٳϵҲЦЦսеĲѣ̰۰ǲˣǻҪƺˣ׼ȲѦɽǻ֢ģʱ֣ҵ֣Ȼͽˡ
½ףҪߣֱɽס⼸ʩʱа˵ʬҰȥɽϣΪʬǡ
ã߱ÿš

磬µݳڿˣǷ׷ӿɽϣΪȥʬǣһʱɽϼ¿ĳڶ

Ժ׷ȸܵĲֺʱʱͣŴ۾ɣùãôڿް
ڽԼ˻ؼҡ
ɽ˻ؼΪʲôҪްⲻˡ
£ɲ֪Ҫθֽ꣬껹ǲǵõ
ǵãɺˣɺˣһĲͱɷˣ֮֮Ҳûˡ˵ţ̧۾ҭ˵ȥˣ֪ƭңˣСӵĵһˡ
ۿһᣬס꣬ıš

ɽʬǺܶ࣬ĿϡܱϵģԵȥˣʣЩʬ帯ģɹٸͳһ
оĸס
ţȥʢ֮ѻˣڶһ磬Ǽȥˡ

ûˣһʲôʣÿſڴ߲סһ·йĽ̸ҲƮ˽
ٰնѦɽ

ޣ̰٣ôˣֱ̫
˭˵ǣ˵ʢһ̷лΡ˵һһ˻Ҫ˵͸̰ٳζ
Ǿǣ
˸ͣ˸̾ү㿪ˣղҪϴǸʲôµඣ

תͷ˸߲ҵùãڿ״Ŷ
ЦЦţùˡ

һ·ǣɽķʻȥ
ȥ֮󣬷ְݼ˺ܶ࣬겻ԣѧűˣڷǰֽĩˣؾؿͷصߡ

ݼִ֮سǡ
һ˸ߵſڣ㷢һͷؤͻȻԵ˵ϣΧŤͷһۣĮӶ㿪ˣûԸǰ
ùãùãÿǰòãɵĸ첲
ãЦЦ꼣ȥܲܰæ
Ӧͣǰȥæ

ƿӳ⿴ȥע⵽ϳ˺ܶඳһ˫ҲȫѪۣŵװ͵ϸߡ
˺Զ·ͽġ

߹ˣʹˣˣģûü˵ιȥˡ
ˣĪǰݳӵİգ
ɵȻˣǾͰǣȥǱߡ

˳ǣȥȻʱˡ
һϣ·Ͼ˯ˣɽͻطٳʱϲĴҴٵ̳С
үҪȥ¥ɳʡ
̰۰ֹ̳֮ӣ¥ܣ⻰û˸ۣļһ¥쿪ŵģ
үһҪȥĶ
ȥǰ˵ɱѦɽץˣȥƣжȻƤ£ϢɱѦɽ
һ⻰̸̳һȥˡ




26.     ô㣿

޷, ½Ƴģ
սԺеɣ⻰һ١
ñ, Լе졣

, ǵһΣôϡĻ˱ץˣǵҪαƳ, Ȥ
˵, ̳ߣȴûͣ˼½׸, ´پ

Է, ΢΢ͷ
Ƥ̧¶һ˫˪ѩ۾
ɸս, Ŀײ˸š
Ŀʱ, һ˾㵣һ˶
ݶ, Ƥᴹ½ˡ

ô㣿ɫȻˣɬɬģ˪㣬ô㣿
ɱѦɽ֣Ȼǳ˪
ôܣ
һʱţŤͷȥ½ס
½ס֣һ԰

ʶ̳ĿѲһȦɢЦȻʶ, ǾͺðˣԼ˵˵£ϢɱѦɽģܺ氡
˪ĬƬ̣ٿʱûǰļ񣺡㡣
̳У
һζϣѬã½׵Ѧɽ˵Ķҩ

ҽ˵Ѧɽǻ֢ġ
º½ѯʹѦɽ׽ˣ֪Ѧɽȷʵ֢һֱڷҩͻȻΡ
һ㣬Ѧɽⲡ㡣

̳°ͣʣѦɽ㣬ģ
ѦɽԿܵģóȻѬ㣬꼲ûвʱȫǵˣ˪ûֵĻᡣ

ȻҲ뵽һ㡣
Ѧɽ㣬ôǰȻӴ㣬ǰӴģֻǼ
ǼУΨԼ½ףǰͳ˪Ӵ
Ŀʱ䲻ײ˪ĿʱȻһ㶣ʲôͻȻը
ЩչµƬɭɭ⣬ʼĩ

ɫɷףʣʵһʼʹңô

ͷʵҲΪ֮Ŀǣҽȣ
ţµ񣬳˪ҲʲôˣԿϲûҲ취֪ͨ½ˡ

ţ̳оԼӲˣȻȻҪɣֱӷ˾ͺãΪʲôҪ֪ͨ½ף
½ΪɱѦɽֻȥ佻¥ˣѦɽŻȥ
ǸѦɽһΪʲôҪɱѦɽ̳Ǳһ֣ˣЩݺ˵ȸңôɱѦɽģ
Ұġ
ʲôЦ㡪̳Ťͷɵģ仰˲˵ˡ
ɿЦһ˵̳вţЩšѦɽȻ
׼ȷ˵ϵ

佻¥ǼգһֱȼѬ㡣
һֱΪǻ¥ϰߣδ·ϣֻǾѬһܵ滨㣬ϲȴδ㾹ɱ˲ѪĶ
˪׼ˣѦɽ֪½ҪȻᰴ಻סôƱػͬһң㣬ɱѦɽΡ

Ѧɽֲɵ̳̯֣òܣ˵Ǿ綾һ϶ζôɵվȥѬ
ɵүˣ佻¥ʲôط𣿡
̳һ١
ˣ¥ȱݺЦ֬ЩϣѦɽһ½׷򸾣ôܻо⵽ϵ㡣
м䣬ѦɽѾˣΪ˷ֹ©ͰˣǺʱˡ

̳ͨĸƴЦ벶ȸں󣬱ѦɽΪԼֻȸȴ룬ͷǳ˪＼һ

ź֪һ
˪ȰѦ壬ʱ˵л½ˣԸʱΪ˪ָǣѦɽճɾ£˪ָѦɽ

̾˿˪
մһذ׳ȹ壬ư˪İ÷֦ͷ޹ʢţΪѦɽΪѦɽˣȾ۵ġ
ʢ֦ͷ޹İ÷ΪѦɽˣȾ۵ġ

˪ļƣʵǿϧ̳һϧ̫Щĵȸգб㲻ȾѪˡ

ȣǴǹһĨȣЦ Ѧɽ֪գΪһʹ˼͢ղʹΣѦɽȴ֪үǵʲô
̳У
ǰʵ̲ȥˣ͵͵Ͼȥ״Щ˸ճݣͱѦɽץסˣǿ֪ѦɽγЩ˵ģ
γεģ̳иɰͰʡ
˪ָ׿ٽڷЩ˱ץ֮Ѧɽ˸ͿۣȻǵڳſڣаǰ̡

˵˪ƺᵽŻķۺѪζζ˲乴Ŀ־塣

ǸҹϣִԲƵģ߸߹ߣƮؼ˲١
ݳſڣʱ̡
Ρ¥ϣյƣĹʱʱĹм䣬һˣЩ˹Žţ߲ʩ̣ȴĲҽ
һ߹һ˺ѷεģʹġ
ĳ˪ľǰȴһڲʲôֱƮߣλε˼ʱſǰľ󡪡
ʱһ֮ȥʡ

ǽϵŵЩϣ˺ѹѹĳӣǷţʹధţȴֻܷĲ
ǰѦɽ˰εǵͷһǽе̫ǷֹܲҧԾ
ҪȫݵİնѦɽԵˣʲô³

Щг˪ø֣ȴϲˡ
Щѹѹĳӣ䶯ţ˺ҧţʳץסƤ⣬ɳɳʳš
˪ţͷʹޣҲɳɳĿʳ

˪㣬˪㡪
ԶԶ˪סԴʹҡͷ硭
˪㣬ѣѰɱ˪һæס
½ҪȥдʱͻȻ˪߽Ƶʣ֪Ѧɽʲôʱ𣿡

ÿδЩͼȥ״˵ʱ򣬡˪סɵǴӴݼһ㣬λεĺ⣺ȥ̵İգÿ˷һͷ
ɳɳɳ
꿦ꡪ
ҶڴڶãǾ׽
ϵڳԡ
ǽϵҲڳԡ
ֻǵϵڳͷ
ǽϵڱԡ
ͬһ£æڹ򱻹

±ڻδδˮꡣ
˪˵һš
Ƕû뵽ѦɽɥĲ˵ز۾׵ĳ˪°£˪㡪
ѪծѪñûʲôźˡ˪ֲ̧ȥϵۣ½׺һݣת˴á
꼽ˡ

̳üģҲһˡ
һʱֻʣ½׺ˡ

Ӽ˪һʱɾ;ãС㣬ȴ룬ǸС㣬Ѧɽ֣֮Լ佻¥
ѦͨȴʼղԸ޸Ѧ塣
ѦɽˣΪճɾˣ˭뵽ֳ¡
ˣŤͷȥ½ףףη֣˪ֵģ

½׵Ѳݸɣš
ţ
ѦѦɽĸѦ彻Ķȫǣ٣лɣ˶Ѧ塣
˪飬Ϊ鵽ϣ¶ţ
ţѦ뿪ݡ

һʱ֪˵ʲô˪ɱѦɽñȴǲľԱ
¶ţѦ嵱һˡ
ɡ½ͻȻ
Ťͷȥ
½״۽ޣûоãЩ֣
ָ˪£
½ʵ˪ļ˵޷죬¶ţ벻ġ

ɶһ£ʣûΪأ
һʼ½׾;ãѦɽ֮Ѳ˹ϵ
ȴδѦɽڳɱ

½̧üģ۽ޣɡ
ôó˪㣿˵ɱ˳ѦɽӦãó˪Ϊ˳ɾЩֵ
½׵롣

֮½ȥ˳˪
˪ױݵ̻Ѧɽ˸Īе̱ˣ˪ֳʢȥ״
Ѧɽץ˻Ѧɽһŭ֮£ǸӶȫ˳¥䱻ٳʳ˪Դӱ佻¥֮һֱѦշš
һжû⡣

͵˪Ĵˡ
û֪½׺̳˵ʲô磬½ͻȻɣҪҪȥ˸ã
ȥʲô
½׵Цȥ˱֪
ɲ½׺«ʲôҩ£ͬһȥˡ

ݳ˲δһ·йȥġ
ѩںľʼգϵ˽ˣҲӶˣϡϡߺ
ָͻȻһɵĸоŤͷ½ףףȥйҪæȥ
½һǸ飬֪仰ǣٹ䡣
û¡½ҡͷͬһ·š

ͬʢһĶҲͬɿʲôʣ̯ӿȥƸ֣һͷͼ½Ҫӣǰȥߣϰ壬˼ǲˡ
Ϊʲô򣿡
ҾͿֶѣûкϲ
⻰٣½״ɨһۣղֹһΣԼĺɰ

СɥԼĵһʱǰͻȻݹһ
ͷҷ˸ղſϵĶȥݡ
ϺϣСʱתΪϲæӣֽŶƤ·ɣάǷ֮ϵȻ
ɱ˵Ƥȣæ½ߣڵЩûõС⣬Ҫѽ
½һȥ
ɣ

˵ŻͻȻУ½ˣ½ˡ
ɻͷʱ۾˲ˡ
˪㣬Ѧӣת첽ߵ˪ǰ˪㣬ǡ
˵˪Ӧô

˪ӯӯһݣҪл½ˡ
ѦɽӦã½ʱֻ˵Ѧɽηδᵽ˪
л½ˣ½ˡѦҲȭһ
˪һѦǰüֵĳƣҲϤɢȥˣࡣ

ΪǸˣ˪㣬صƿԺúõѽ
ţá
Ѧɽͷѯʵ½˺½ǳЩʱߣȱϲƣ˪н죬Ҫлλ
½ҡͷˣձҪˣȲλϲˡ

䣬Էֿˡ
ɺ½ڽϹһ˱ݣյſڣ㿴һؤǰݡ
ŵСڸ˵˶ٱˣѦɽˣⰸӽˣôأϽ𵲵

ѦɽѦɽˣؤੲݣߺҪղˣҪղˣץˡ
СؤɷҪѵ֪ߵغʱ½ױʱʱŵ

ؤƳǰӰŵýסԴãûȵȭͷСĽֱ۷£̧ȥʱ½ʱ˲ü
ղˡ
㣡߹ؤʱҲһ
ؤȻ·ǲУһǸˡ
ǰץɶӡ

½һ۰ڣǰĿš˵ץˣ֣˭




27.     ȵýɽһ·š

һֹ, бϣңң

ߣüƲɢ, ǰ¡
ؤǰ·, ʱ̳ץǽǲڸ
ȴ룬ǰŴӸ, ؤ, ͵͵ݡ

ֻʱղһֱţ, ڳЪ, չעųеĶ
ֱǰݳſ, ˵Ѧɽ̰۰, ηɱ󣬲һȳһս˳, ʱεڳſڣ꼽ȥġ

СܹУҪһתղˡſڣؤţ˫ֽһʸ½ס
½ɨǰһۣȴδ̽ӹǵת
Ҷɸӡġ

۾Ȼδ뵽ط, Ȼӡĵ֣
ӡײҶɵؤ˵ӡתһ
̴չȥ
򿪣һ˲˲ϼҶɵ̰ϸо֪ѦɽТӡ
أȥҶТӵˣȻѦ壡

ùùùã˹ɵĸ첲ʣϿʰѽҪ
ɻعСǸȻ꣬Բ߲ˡ
ΪʲôѽСдʧ䣬ʣ״˵ߵѽôֲأ
˵ŻҴٵĽŲ
ʱ˵£״˴ˣ̾ߣòã
ɰ꣬תͷԺſȥ

½ˡ
ܿ죬˪Ժſڣļ٣üȫǼɫѦ巸˺£½˽ˣ
˪ȹ磬ƽյ侲
̾˿Ůߺתͷ˪㣬㻹ô£ֻһʱһġ
˪һ£ɫ˲Ұס

˲Ȼ¶ˡ
ǰ½׻Ѧ԰˶ǣڼ䣬˪Ѧ˽Щ£Ϊ½Ҳˡ
Ѧ͵͵뿪ݣɻû֮ǰ㱻½ʶˣ½ײ鵽Ѧϣ׳ԼɱѦɽһ£ת˵ע

½ˡ˪ţЩʲôգֻ͵Ͱţ½ˣ㣬ȾѦ塣
ǰ޵滨ĳ˪ͻȻİ
ʼó˪°䰵ӯ÷
ǰգԼĹʱۣϣܺѦճɾ
ɽգټʱֻĺ
˪֪ѦʲôΪѡӣȻѡȨ๣ȴûͬһǷǰ
ٿʱȥǸ˪ǹ£Ȩ֣ʲô˵ģȥðɡ

˪һתҪߣ鼱֮£͵˫һ䣬ȥѦɽѦİѱѦЩŻΪŰ½ˣȥҪ֪ʲôҶ԰ʳ
Ѧǧ࣬ߵһ
˪һ䣬Ķ£½ˣˡ

һһͣڸá

ɺͳ˪ʱ꼵ˣ¸ʹˣ˻ڹѦ塣
䣬˪Ѿˡ

ǹȥʱﾲĵģԶԶģͼѦڵϣڴ½׹ѵɻбҪ˵ģ
ûСѦɰͰ͵ģûа
½ƫͷҪ˽ڹøѦǩֻѺʱͻȻһŮѣ

ͷͼ˪첽ܽ
󵨣һʱûסžľŭȵĵ񣬾ôãˣҹȥ
һ꣬˲ⰸ½ģɫ˲

˪ײײѦǰŴµѦɽѾˣ㻹Ҫʲô֪ȫ˵
һͷˮ½ûҲ֣һװȡ

˪Ѧɳţ̧Ҫȥ˪־֮ȴڿճȭδ䵽˪ϡ
Ƭ̣ŵ˪㲻һֱ֪Ѧɽʲôвô
ţ˪̧ͷ
ѦתͷȥߣҸ㡣

ϵƻλΣյ޴Ѱ
ѦĿⶢҡε֪£ҪӺδ˵
ڳĬƬ̺ŵ˾䣺Żôҳ˵𡣡

˪˵ѦɽƵͶ·͵ȥʢ״ʱѦɽץסĥ
֮ǰжС˪Ϊ

ʱ˪ѵ׵ͣΪ˳еſѦҲſѦɽצݣδڳ˪ֿ֮С
ڣⳡĿʼ

ʱ㸸ֳʱҹң˸㣬Ҳݣ
ţ˪ףѦôͻȻ˵ǼҾˣֻѦ壬Щȥˣڵ֮£㡪
ʵʱڵġ
ʲô˪һʱûӦѦ廰˼
ϳºˣûԸģʱҲȥҹѦ壬ԷѦȥʢˣݡ
Ѧָʱݣݣʱȴ¶档
ȻڣΪʲô¶棿ΪѦɽ

ԭ󰸵ģգ½ײҲֵô֣һԿϷ
Ѧѿڣǡ
ǣΪʲô
˪ʣѦȴôȻǡǼʱΪѦɽܰæϰæ

˪⣺Ҽʱ㶼ϰæΪʲôҽ佻¥֮ȴԸң
Ϊʲô
Ѧ岻ҴʶҪ㿪ɳ˪ȴԴԼ
ҪѦ忴Ǹ𰸣ңңΪʲô
˪
ѦӲǰһ˪һ㿪ȴҲ޴ɶ㣬ƵʱֻʵΪʱֻˡ

仰һڳ˪ϣĵۣ˳֫ٺӿ

˪һֱΪѦģȴ룬ԭһֱϹֻۣΪһʵĻ
ʵϣֵʱڰʱ

ʱ򣬳˪ֶˣͻޱĿףһеС㣬˻¥
Ҫڻ¥ȥֻ˳ӣֻܺ˿ġ
ɳ˪ױ˽Щʱ裬ΣҪǿ£ˡɡѦ塣

֮Ѧ㽫Լ֮£ó˪佻¥һرĴڡýӿͣԵ
Ҳ˪ŵֻҪףӭȢš
˪ĶģִδԸɻ飬ͬѦ˵ҪѦɽͷƸ
Ѧ
˾ţѦ岻ϰɱѦɽֻԼ˽³ﻮˡ

Ѧɽ̻ͬᣬʱ鱩¶̻°ɡ
Ǹ̻ͬ˪ǹʽǡ佻¥ѦɽĵطԷ㽫˲ص˳˪
һж˳ѦɽˣñΪԼܺѦúһʱȴ֣ԼһֱΪݵĶʵһ

˪ڵϣԼĶڿˣһ£ǵ꣬ѦɽԸҵ
Ҳߥ޵ġ
˪˱۾죬ȴ
Ѧ֪ʲô۾ɺˣҺ֮ǰˣǿҡ

Ǹƻ衣
Ѧĸ׵ͷߣѦҪȥΪĸ׷ųƣһ·ɽʰ׶ʱȻ죬ɽ
Ѧ̧ͷʱĺɽϣһŮӡ
Ůһյһ·϶ͬŮ˵˵ƺǷʣѦû
ʱŮͻȻͣ£ӿҪɽ
Ѧеͷ
Ůһ䣬еĵݸɽ·Уȥ·ɡ

Ѧԥ˺һӹյɽϣĿǶ뿪
죬յɽ·ͬʱҲѦġ
һģһħ

ࣣҼž
Ƭ̣˪δ˵½ײſڵ˪ȥ
˪ʱѾˣ˫ĿȻʬһ㣬۲ųȥ

һֱ⣬еʼĩ۴³ڵʱҪǰȥʱһܹһˣһס˪
˪㡪
̫Сˣǵûס˪ԼҲ˵ϣʵ˪㣬أֻˣ㲻°
˪Ӷ˶ƺŴӵ૵ؼңؼҡ
úúãǻؼңǻؼҡ
ų˪Զˡ

뿪ıӰһֻȻεĸо
ôû뵽˪ЩܵĿֻ࣬Ѧһ֮
˼ʱ䲻֣ǰͻȻһӰӣһŤͷͼ½׳ˡ
ʣˣ
½ӹеĵΪѦ嶼ˣѦɽʵѦɽĻš
ɵͷһʱҲ֪˵ʲôˣ㳾ˣ˭û뵽Ȼβ
׸пʱ䲻½׵ȥʱұ㱻ȥ洨Ѱҡհ±ֱʮŻ
ţգգ۾һãȻ½ס

½ƺ˵ʲôҡͷû£ȥɣ̻ʢ
㲻ѦɽĻĸˣ
Ǵˣûؾˣ̲ٲġ
½˵û׷ˡ

ݺɱ㾶ԻطЪϢˡ
ΰʱź֪ȥ³ʮҹȵʧ𣬻ʢŭˡ
ʱԮˣ˱ŸȲȥ½ס
죬ƺʮ
Եȥ½ʱ½׸պûؾˣ
ѵţ֪εʲôֳ˯˹ȥ

ڶһ磬˾ʰ׵ˡ
ɱݳպ̳ѵˣǸȥˡֹطⱲӶڶˣҲҪа·ģѦɽͺصЩͬŵ³˼а
ݹԱУȴôѵһͨЩҲסӦˡ
ҡҡͷ

ܾ˹ԱͣǴݳֱſڵķаϳǵĳݣԷڶΪС

Ǻ󣬱ߵÿˡ
ƿӣȥ¥ǡÿѦ壬ҲŤͷ
ֻǲ֪ǣǳеˡ
ǳǣǳˣպ޹ˡ

ɷ³ӣ˻ȥȵýɽһ·ʢϣԶԶݣѩڵĺУϢһĨꡣ




28.  ʢ   ףм£˵

뿪, ̳йƼͣߴ٣ӱ˰£ڻʢ

ÿ, ԶΡĳʱ, һˡ
һ·Ѧиʧ½ײýҵƽµˡ
½׷е飬Цǰ, , ఢҷ¶һˡ
൹ǲ࣬ǡ
˵һ룬ͻȻѽ
ɵע̱ˡ

뿪, ʢȻˡ
, ůڣȥ, , ˽ȥа˱̤, Ǹ߾ֽ֣һɰȻ⡣

Ǻ½Ҫȥ̲ƽˣ֮󻹵̳ͬ빬ְɱȴظˡ

½ǰţ֪ǽչԷ緹̲˵š
һֱȵˣżһ½ʻ
Ӻͷ˻ݳ, üϲ¿
ŮСæ̨ӭ

ڻˡ
̲ƵȫϲɫҲȥ


꼸ͣüһǰˡ
һÿӣû룬һ˫Ƶ۾
üһ£ɡ
Цǽ̵Ůꡣ

̣
̣
˳ǸᣬСṆ̀
üɿꡣ
Сϣ÷۵ģ¶Żüüۼʵм̵Ӱӡ
̺áͻȻ
~ü̾ˣ̵ĳɼ˲׵ԺһĸЦ֣̱

ˡһ̲˹
ЦЦ̲ȥ࣬һпɶã
öã̲һϲôûһ
빬ʥˣЩʱˣ̲ҹѵĺӣǸסա
̲ūȥš

һ˺ƺƵŮСˣŤͷ꣬ùû£̴ȥԵ㶫òã
ѽѽùȥæɡ
üס꣬ҲЦ˷ģһչ˺ꡣ
ɵͷ½Ժȥ

һ࣬Ҳ֪½ôˡ
ɹȥսԺУŵһŵĻ㣬̧ȥԺз֦ӣϼûз磬ȴƮš
Ժпյģ˼һ껨£ҵ׵ʰ½

ỽ
½̧ͷһ£Цɣˣأ
˵ţĿ⳯ȥ
ɷס½׽ʥȥˣû
ʥʲôʱ
ҪˣҾòã
ã½ûپ⣬ǰ˴գҼ˻꣬ɹ֮û˸ҡ
ллЦţ½£ϸ˵԰нնЩʲô

¾޷磬Ψ໨£½ϸļ

ǰ˳ʱӻѵаʱΨˮ½ǰ᲻Ծ
ʼΪ½ᡣ
Ϊ½ס
Ľ½ף˰ݼڣ½Ҳֺõ˼

һסˣȴҲԸӣ½Ժʰ
ʱ½Ҳڡ
¶İ⣬ͬ½׽
½ϲ½ܽʶʱΪʱ˺ռȫˣˮɺ½һȴˡ

ɡ
첲˻ΣɴӹȻתͷȥ½ôˣ
ˣʲôʱҳ

Щ꣬½½չ˵ĺܺã֮йŵζȫˣƸδŮģŲµĴ棺˵ˣҳġ

ҪʱһȵŮ˻
תͷɴĻ˴̨
ˣ½ˣվһסɣһֽˣ˵ģɻҳȥġ
⡭˲û뵽½¡
ãЦӦˣ˵µӻҪˣʱҴȥͻòã
㶣½˲ЦɷƵģ
ãЦ֡
½ӣϲϲȥ˷

ɳˡ͹ӲʱϷҪţȰסѲų²ߣԭţϷ˹ˣ˭뵽
ûµģЦǽջسʱ·ٳ̤εģպҲԴȥߡ
ɡɫԥֻ˵һ֣ͣˡ
Ϊǵ½Ǳߣù÷ģǱȥ˵

˳ʱÿ귱ʢʱ½ͻġ
ʢعȴֻܴڸ͡

̨ף˼ֻͷʣùãͬһ¡
˵
Ҵ˳֮˳ǿǷʲô

ʱǾδĻһֱں
֪Ĵ𰸣½ףֻʣ꼺ͻ˹ùˡ
꼣½׶Ȼ֪

Ƿ˲£ͳôߺĵһ꣬ܣүȥСҲԶˣߵĵڶ꣬˳Ƿһδˮǰųˣٰնѡ
߶߶˵ţ䲻üŻȻ˵Щʵͬɲ̫ϵС˵
˿ɻǵƹӣ
㣿
˵ͷ

ɶЩӡ󣬵ӡ󲢲á
˳ʱһŰ½ףͻȻ˴һܣʱš
ȻֱڣҲ֪δļܡ

Զ޵꣬Ҳס
ţתͷȢ˭
˹ù˵˸û֣ЦϸϸͬУΨз˺͹޳ˡ

һȻʧЦ
ͬ½Ǹȡųɵף̸޳

ڹӣߺ
ˣˡ˻˵һ룬½
Ȼ֪Ǹ𰸣½Ϊأףùȥɡ
˴ҴһæӦȥѰ½ȥˡ

½ɱԼԺС
ԡͷĿⲻԾ⡣
չ貣ԺлʢͻüѾˣһһС£²
һ·۳Ͷ٣֮ů棬ڴ˯ϣëƷɾĵ˺ü£ᴹ

չһһһһ˳ȥ
ŮǼ˯ˣֽŶࡣ

һ˯ĸ
ʱѾˣ澲ĵģй͸һƬ
ɸ죬˴ˡ
һһϼ䣬ֻ˸ģ

ף
ڰУ˵ζһ£ңˣ
ţʲôʱģ
һˡ˵䣬½׻Ů衣

Ь½߹ȥôǰȥʱһֱ߶㡣
ţմǱ߻˵Ҫͻ½״Ůнӹ裬ָѣ̲ŵݸɡ
ǰ죬µӻͿˣȥǰ˳ʱϲͻˡ

½̧ɡ
СϣԾŲѣˮУСؾһͷī˿Ϥûƽ֣Ե⡣
ôˣǲô½׾þò𻰣ɽẹ̈ɻ󿴹

Ȼǳɻ鲻ãҲԼˣʢ½ƺԸ½š
Ϊ½׹æϾͬԲ½š
Ĭǲ½ȥô

ɴ۽ޣҪ㲻ģǾ͡
˼ʲô½̧ɵüģסͷЦ㶼ţһ˭
ɰǣϾôĸ飬Ķţôš
˵һ룬ʲôɣ͵
üһ壬ɫûԼ˯ôôö˶˵ģǰˡ

ᣬҡҲǸ˼ҡ
ŸղŻڵˣȻΣ½۵׻һĨ
Ը޸ȴ֮һǽ
ǰЩ֣һֱǡôżһĵЦҪ̽͸λε֡

½̧ɡ
ҹǺʱЩͬ˵

ɣ˲֮֮ͬͬ꣬꣬з֮꣬׿һ֮䶼жԱ˴˵ƶΣʲôȥ˵ʲô಻
ҡ
½۽㴹ɤͳɵĻɣ֮䣬ȻٰüҲ֡

͵̧ײ½Ȼľ
֮ڴˣ
½˵ȻٰüҲֵġ

ǳɻ࣬һֱǷַ˯ġ
ǰڸʱ½˵æһֱ鷿
ݺˡ
ֱգ½˵ⷬɲź֪ѣ½ǲĲܣԲڣİġ
Щʲô

ףҡ
ɸ죬½ҪҲǰ㣬һסӡ
ĺӣģģǰһץס
ӹɣϲģҲͬ½׾ٰüġ
㽱½ִƣ㽫½Ҳ֮߸Ȼ뿪˳ǣʢ

ʢȥҦңҦϷϥѧء
δû½׵ģ˸ó׵ͣɸ׹ĿΪһʱȢ
˺Ҹɪʧ̩֮
ûϵԼ޸½ס

Ľ½ףû취ƽ֮
ԶԶģеĶ½ݣ̰Ĳһ㣬ɵһ֮ͻȻ׮£ֻһ׮ס
Ը⣬׮ԱۣУûʧ̻Ȼ֪ˡ

Щû취ͬ½˵ֻ߬ǣץסһ
ɨץʱ̵һʶ֡

ͷһָ̾ջȥʱֱѸٷס
̧½ӿգֻǳ㴹ս󣬵͵˵ˣպ󣬻ǰǰദΣ

׮£ǿġ
ѭ򽥽ɣվ̿ܣѡһ

ãɵͷĨĨ۾ͻֺ¶һ㣬̧ͷȥ½ףףм£˵





29.  ã׽棩   ɣúúÿǿ

ɫ, ɴ˼䣬ҹͣζŻ֦, , ܾΨ޷ζڵϵӰ߳Ī˼ֲζ

ҡ
촽⶯, ɫЩԥ
ʱ, ˵Ǿ仰Ȼɷ羰ڲ˵, պѰʵĻᡣ
, ֮Уᶨ뷨
һ, ָ, ֵȣ, һ̧½ףҼᶨף⡣

ҷӣˡ
ҷӣܱ
ҷӣĸ֣סһŮӵֽ, ˳ɣһֻһ㣬˶
ȴԸ⡣

ϴθѣŵζپһˡ
ε֮УŶأҲϣгһգԼҲԾһౡ֮
֪˶ŮӶп

á
ɣ
̫ᣬ̫죬ɻΪԼˡ
ʶ̧½ףȻû˵ȴд˿

½ЦסɣҸղ˵ĻȻЧ
ʲôȥηηš

۾û뵽½׻Ӧôˬ졣
Ͼδ󣬴ʱɱԴ΢ʣ˵һྻŮңȾһͭ
ԣ֮࣬Щ¡
ס½׵֣۾죬Ų⣺ף˻棿㡭ĪҪڲƭң

ɵ½̾˿ϸָⲦȥձ鷢Һڲƭ㣿
ûС
״ûƭЩš
㲻ƭң鼱֮£Ȼ½õһˡ
½ЦЦ֣ͬ˸
ָһʱɲİĸоİЩģ⣬ɻӰ쵽;
Ϊ˸պͷ¶棬ѱ˵½ס

½״ɨһۣյ֣Цᡣ
ģɲģһ顣
½ףֵ²һ·۳ͶٵģЪЪ¡
˵̾˿ֻ˵˸֣ʢãã˺ҪѰأ
ɣڸסţһ¡
½׻˵һ룬鶨סɡ

˲Ȼͷģһͬü˵ġ
˵Ż洫ĽŲŻü꣬㣬СĽ£
֪˵䣬˴˽֮߳걧ԼСͷ˽ɻУùã
һ·ϣһֱǸ˯ġ
ԣһ˯ʱͱԼСͷˡ

״㻹أ˸ǷȫûռȵԾɵ״ˣ㲻˯ô
Ҳ˹
½ҡͷţ˯ˡ
üʱպײ½׳ߣʣӣôˣȥĶ
ȥ鷿йҪæ
ţüͷʺţǲǸմݻôôйҪæ

öһҹߡ
ڶ죬մԹ緹Ůͨ
ˣСˣ˵ҪżҪ㡣
棿ɺܲ죬Ϣͨģյˡ
һС㣬ɸ첲ùã˭
ҵɷԸɡ
ŮȥˣŤͷ廭üüȥɣǵñȥǱߡ
ϡüӦˣȥˡ

ߵԺſʱպײ档
濴꣬ǾȣĶСӣ
һѵĺӣҴʢġ
Ŷ
ԹĿͻüˣǰ¡

ϴæ£ˣʡ
Ÿ㣬ûϷҳһŹˡ

Ź
ü֮ǰ뵽£ҶɵİǴ£ߣ뿪ʢ֮ǰŹֵò죬˷£Ҳ֮Уֻǡ
֪ҶȻڽΣ
ҡҡͷҲֻ֪ƺá
ãô
ҲǴϢ˵ɻ͸Ͻɡ
˼䣬ͷ㽫ȷһţԼȥʣٴ飬ӦҲһʱ

ɿ죬Ǳһûһ졣
Ǻ½һ·ȥ֣ھǳ˰ˣʮ֪е۹̣һҪʸϸ

ֵ飬˵Ƿζģ˸߰˰ˣʱɺֻɣɣ½˴˷ôһ⣬ûʲô½չ
ʲô½չ
Ϊ˾㣬㶼̰ˣûжʹ飬һף
ҸѾǷˡ
Ǳްɡ

ɣĵúúÿǿǣ֮Ĺϵˡ

ɴ
ƾĶۣ½׶Ѿܺˡ
Ȼ޸Ҳδ½׶˵ǡ
ϣ½׶ĺãǳϲǹ֡
£ֲһܶġ
ѡӱܣҲ֪

㲻֪һ߸ߣΪ⣺˵ɣ˵㲻֪ǲаɣ㿴ˣǾŹǱߣԼߣҪԼиǰɡ

Щ㱣˻ףѾǷˡ
޸ģѳɷޣȻûз֮ʵദҲǢѾܺˡ

㣬֪ҪʲôܸܲҪʲôܸܲ𣬲Ȼӣ޲ޣѲѣһչµһգոգҲǰ취
ɴ۽ޣ˼
Ҫģ½׶ˣ½ҪģƤ˶

˳ǵʱһΣ⡣
ʱ½ͬһѧã½ǲúͯǵϲ̴ּпڣֵøûԸ½׽
ɲ
ǰǰȥſ½ϣף㿴ңôİ
½װһתʲô
ЦĶһѵݵ½ǰ
ǼǶ
½׵΢΢Ľë£鶯˶б̧ϡ
ѽġʱɵÿԣʲôö½ףǶ

Ƕģ࣬һתůǶڻǽһ米˺üƪʫʣŴġ
᲻óԣֽ½ס
½׿ССǶɫ谵
ΧҲ棬ʱȫΧʳʶ̣
ʲôʲôʲôö
Сôÿζֻ½װ
ǾǣƽǶܷܲһţ

ɣֻ⼸
һΧ½׵ĿŪ߰㣬ӵУ½ϵĲ鶼˵ϡ
ĿɰƯ˳СѧõСϲҲָĶֻΡ
ֻףǶ򵽵ġǶˣǺ«Ҫرࡣ
еؿ½ףף㳢һ

½Դ̧ͷɡ
ɫ̫ˡ
ɲɵסΪʲôҪԼǲ𣿿ԼֻҲһǶ
ҵ˼ûɣ̽ţС˵ס
ҲҪ½׵лС⣬ˡ
ˣ
ɴ򱧲ƽҪˣɣҪ
ǣһ̥ģôǶ档

ǾѿģȻʱף֪ѿô˼ܵģ̯½ǰֻֽջء
Ŷã΢΢£ģ㲻ϲǰ
˵꣬תߡ
֪½ײǲǣһĺӣǰͣô᲻ϲԣ
ֻǱ½̵Ҫ
ңҲԸӵĻУһ˵Уȥӹǿǡ

һɣɴӻг
˵ô㣿
ҡͷû£ôˣϴĸϣ˵ڸס

ô¡Ÿ㣬
չůڣɹ˺ɱΣûģ
ûУоࡣ
ܲ࣬£ܶϷ
Ϸǲȫƾ𣿡˪һپĸ㲻ˣɣ˵ģĽ½ף֮ܽ磬ߵɻ飬㿴ڵģһäƼ޵ģ޵ǹ֪
װɣ̲סȤҪҸģ㲻翼ǿҸ磿˳˹Ű㣬Ķá
аҪԸȢҰԼȥݶɡ򢣬涢ɡ
ЦŽӻа´дҸʱȥҵ

һӣѻתϣĽ֣һ÷һС޲£޸˭ܡ
棬ָĲ㳢ɿԺˣĿһһֱסੲݵ档
½Ѿˣƫ㶼²ס죬ǶȰȵҵ˵컳ˣ˵Ҫ֪ñ𱧣޸½ף

ףˡ
ͻȻһŵһʶŤͷ½ʱкʱһ죬һ~

ƤٺҲ޲Ҹطȥ
Χף棬ϴġ
½ף˸к

½á޲ҧԼͷʱû˵ɰڰ֣һɥˡ
ף˰ЦĻϡ
ɲ֪½˶٣ֻ͡

½״ջĿ⣬ʣСҲʶСү
ţҺ컳ûȥ˳֮ǰһģ˵ɿЦղ˵컳ˣһߣҲˣ찡ǵƤСӣҲܶһˡ
Ѧˡ½׽ë㸲ɵĻ
ɰ͵תͷˣ첻Ǹհ̲ôö˶˵ģôͻȻˣ
ɱ½ʹü˼ɢ
ô᣿ţѦѰȻ͸жˣϵڡ
ô˵
ʹ˽᰸
Ѧϲ̫ܣһٺ͵ط̰۵ʹ˶ˡ
ѦɽȻ֮ԷˣĻ֮ˣպȻеڶѦɽɡ
ףѾˡֻ˰
һ·ϣǾѦȫ̲£ҲΪˡ

ˣˡ
˵ŻʱͻȻҴٵĽŲŽŮ
ǻ˹ùõ
ɸվ˹ùͷ󺹴¹ŴϢˣˣϷԺУȥȥ˸С
˵һ룬½Ҳڣ͵ס죬ֻ͸Ž

½һ飬֪ǳˣתͷʣأ
üȥˣصؽԺӡ
ɻδ˵꣬½ɫٿ̿첽ߡ
һ£֪뵽ʲôҲ˲ˣæСȥ׷½ס

һ·У쵽½ԺʱԶԶͼüͷӬƵģԺſڽ߶
䲻Ųü˲ҵĹǣˣҺͤ￴㣬Ϸˡ
δ˵꣬ɫ½ʱüϥһ˲ȥ

½ĸ첽̨ףͻȻԺڴ߳
ü
ӣԼЩϤ
һϸ⾹ȻСʱ½˯ʱߵӡ
½ףʱȻƴĹǱӶ΢
µġ

ףһס֣ȥˣȥ
½ױ˱۾ˮˣսһһ㣬סɵ֣ģҪƵġ





30.     ף£ﲻµġ

, ½Ժбֲľһȥި⡣ѭȥһ·, ڷ, ҵ½

ʱ½һ귱ʢĻ£꾲Ʈ䣬, һʧõ䱦, Ŀ՝ᣬ߳Ÿҥ
۽üȫǻϲ


½ױ˱۾, ˻ƻ
꣡½̴ͷ, 껹˯ţһ, ½׿, ѹСЩ˯, 𳳵

֣һѶ۵Ȼ½ļϡ
۵ɫףڿе֣Ҳս

½δע⵽½׵ķӦʱһȫڡѡϣῴ૵ƤѾͷ, ֪֪ж㡣

ɿһĻȻã̵
ĳİ
꣬˳ʱ½żʧʱҲ㣬ϳ˱ˡ
ʱҪϴҲѣǰɡ
ÿΣ˵֮½ᴹãΣƺȻǱ̵ƵģæǸʪ½
֮ɳЩԼµЩԭίԲ½룬ʱ½ǰδйʧ̬֮ˡ

ɻعʱ½Ѿǰ½ǰ󣬴ط˯ɡ
ԣǵû˯һһ½γѣ૵ţվ
½Ҫǰæȴ㿪ˣòãұȥС
˵ţһΣ˳ߡ

⡪
׷ĻˣҪ˵ЩʲôһĻջǽȥĨĨᣬתȥΪ½ˡ

ס
ߵ½࣬Ҫ˵Щʲô½ҡҡͷû£ȥ
겻ʶ½ѱ֡
½״̬ǲܴ̼ġ
ɵͷǰ˼ֲĻͷ
ͼ½ԺУڴһǧӵţȴӰһ¼š
Ȼһ¡

½Ų̧ʱѾ۷ˡ

˵һ֣ͻȻסף£ﲻµġ

£
½ס
½Σô£Ϊɻµģȴû뵽Ȼᷴ
ĵůĬƬ̣ʹ

ɽȥʱڿȰ½
ϷˣȥЪЪչ˾ͺá
ҲۣҪ˯ѡ½ڴߣ꣬һգۣǰ˾ͷƵġ
Ϸˡ
˻Ȱͷͼɽˣæѹˣ⡭
ûµģ˹ùãȥ
ԥ£ô˵˳ȥ

½ɵ̳֣ʾȥ
˳ӹȥ½ࡣ
½ָָϵ꣬СѣǰܳȥڲŻˣʶ
á˳½ĻӦˡ

ķ磬೤ᣬﰵ㸡ζġ
εף˯ʱ
Ӧ껹ûӦʱѾ뻳ˣŮͷų磺Сèˡ
ţ۾ֿǰǸƯˡ
ƯˣϽѡ
ѽ

ˣϡ
꣬δ˵꣬ɴĻĿ
һɻ˵ɼ͵͵˫ֺʮɽ

½˲ᣬ޵ϡﻩ
һãȻ

ӰƣԺлľȾʱ½˯ˣɲŴ
һԺӣͻ˻ɵĸ첲ùãҲϲҼô
Сⲻ½ΪΪ½ںҼҵϷ
½ףŮֻǸ˸֡
⣬Ҳûë
ϲģɶߣ꣬ƯǹùúҪˣùģ컹Ҽңܲһ
֪ʱδ½ΣôԲ롣

ѽӦˣƯ˻ǹùãƯ˺ȥĶѽ
ȥһԶԶĵط
ҵͬһط
ǰɡ
˵䣬곯ߣճԺӣüˣꡪ
ѾȾ˿ǻ
ˣûˡɼ½Ҳڣ㽫꽻üȴȥԵ㶫
üĨ˰ᣬˡ

½߹еĵǱߵ˵ݣû˵
üѾͷƽզզģʵʵӺСһ¾Ͱޣûµġͬ½һԺء
ɫҹϣϡз֦O@졣
ɵܿģ˵˺ܶСʱ¡
ң
ţ½ףǇŶ
ȷң㣿½ɫδ

С½ͬжٮٮߣһֱǶ˷Գֵģ˵⻰ʵ붺ģתƻģȴû뵽½׾Ȼô˵
ƮһĨͷͷ죡СŰ壡
ʲô½û
ûʲôɻ˻̸֣˻⣺ﻹǵ꣬Ǳɡ
⻰һɾĿ˲١

½״ӨӨƻɫѵѾȥޱˣزվͻϢ
ⲻûҵô
ɣ겻ѣ½ױ˱۾ʱ˲٣οһֱڸʱҪԴ
վҪֿģһʼͲҪϣ
˳ǰ½Ὣϴ֪֮ɲѡ
պټʱ㲻ʧ̬ˣҲĻڴˡ 

ףģ½ǰסȥ·֪ģȥ˳ʱȥʱһֱУҹﳣجΣÿجιҶεңٴЩҲ֪ҵ˲̿ʱң߹Ƕʱ䣬ڣҲԲһ롣

ɣ֪ģ㲻ͬ
һһε͹ڣֻҪ߹Ƕʱ䣬͹ȥˡ½ͬѵ飬һӵʡ
ȥġ
ͬ½׵뷨ͬ½£ı󶯣ţʱ֣Ͼ˽죬µһˡ
ãֻйõ£ŻδĻڴ
ɵΪﲻͬҲŻѡôףҲ֪컹ǲǵý飬ϣһ죬ǿĵġ

Ŀԣ˸иļ֡
߳ĳĬΪ½׻˵ʲôգֻ۽ޣﻹǲǵá
ֱɣ½ǵãȻ
ڶһ磬½ͷδᣬˡ
յĽܿͽѵĽɫĸŮˡദĺǢ

࣬㱾ãҲͦõġ
ʧ˫ףҲޱһֱסڸڣҲԲ½롣
첻Ը
û죬꼱˵ҵ˸ޱҴµ˵¡

ޱ䲻ԣ򸾶˽֮һӣǺһȥˣҲ顣
ţȷʵǸȥ
᲻ãʵǸҷεģǿԸꣿ
δ֪˿Ҫȥ
ˣɰڰ֣Ҹʱ䣬뵽

꼰Чʺܿ죬ձ㽫ˡ

˵̵£ޱ᣺ѹǰдţһֱûأһ˵ůˣһھȥݿģô͡
δ˵꣬
ޱɷǸʵͽˣڸޱ࣬׾ޱᡣ

һ֪ƣ´֪סˡ
Ȼޱƽ󣬱ꡣ
˼ȼ̣֪Ů꣬ںδǷˣʣǸӣġ
˵ţޱᡣ
Ҹϡ˵꣬˽

̵ĸףͬޱĸ˫̥Ըޱ̣ͬٳҲм
֮ǰҲޱԣһãĸֱֱ˽ޱ

Ȧϣž۵һĻζȫ
ޱߣҲ̵Ըһߣ½Ǳ߿Ǻá
½Ѿ굱ˣͻȻˣ½ʱҪ˵
ɶپͷ

½׻ظʱ˵ޱˣֱȥǰ

ȥʱޱͬ˵л˽ʢѾڹ߶Ŷˣ񸾱ˡ
ԵЩʴӣվҪô
ţձˣлշˡ˵ţޱһ
֣Է֣ҲûüȥʰĶֻЩʧ䡣

ùãѹѽԺʱˣһǻģ߹ȥɵĸ첲˵ˣ״Ҳһֱ˯鷿ѽ

Ҫ𻰣Ƴ½״ʱЩ̣̾нվףˡ
ޱæ
½Ӧ֮߹СҪˡ
ѽѽ״ˣҪȥĸԺû˸ùŶ
ɣ
½ףҪˣ˵һȥ㡣
仰ǳŵǱϡ
ɵͷ

ܿ죬Ķʰˣ͵˷ֱʱ
½׺ǳ쵽ſڣͻȻ˵ѽϷˣ㣬Ľ°

תͷһɫ߿첽½৵һ°ˡ
ǰѾˣҪ½֪£ô
ףô죿ŵڶʶס½׵ӡ

½׿һۣûü˵½Ѿܹˡ
ôˣɲ
½ţֻ͸ޱ
϶ŰһҪ뿪ġ
½ͻȻˣ׵ǰסļ򣬼еѣҪȥĶֲҪ𣿡

ʶǰȴ½ס
ף
½׳ҡҡͷ
Ҳһ£ƫͷ½һۣӦңҪȥƵġ

ƣ½ɫã૵һŶǵģҪȥţʲôʱ
Ͼͻ
½ͷɿ꣬ϹҵȡʻѴųԡ
ãϲʻˡ˫ֳӣЦ
½䣬ˮ˸һѽ뻳УǵЩ㡣
á

֮㱻ޱ򸾴ˡ
½ڸſڣĿ˺Уʧˣȴû
ǰסǻȥɡ
½ɫãȻû˵ɲ˸

һߣͻȻࡣ
ڶգ½ˣûҪˣȴһʧǵģϵĻҲûȥˣֻǴʯԣһһ졣
˶֪ڵѡ
û˸ҸѲٻˡ

ɲ½һֱǡڶմã½׸պҲ壬򸾶˱Я½ͻ档
ȴյϣһʢ¡




31.  Ѱ   ½ףҪɱ㣡


, ͻȻͣˣֺһƬ

ȥ
ǰ汻Χˮйͨ·Ĳ¥, Ϊ, Ůٴʻһȸȸԡ
ɡţŤͷ, ȥ½ףνֵӣ
곯͢˶, ӣӦ÷Űˡ
½Ҳǲ, Ը·ߡ

ÿν, ·Χˮйͨ
Ӧת, Բʻȥ

ɿ, ⲻ
ǰҶȻ˵ҪȥԵ, Ҷɳº˵Ŀˡ
һˣ̧ʣףҶӱŹˣ֪Σ
ϴֻ˵ҶȻãôãҲ˵

½ҡͷ
ʢδء
¶, ֵҶɱն׺󣬼ҾûūŹҶȻҲȫԵʡ

ϣ˰ɡ
֮ʣҶȻֻҶȻºܲá
½׵ǵǣȥ
á

˵ŻüͻȻС㡣
棿
һͼܹ
桭
ɣ̫˼ˣɸտڣͱˣɵԲԲģž͵ǰԼŹ䣬㶼˵ÿգյ˿ճţȻԼң
ǰ£Ҳ
ýڡ
ɣ
һֻֽӲЩ¶½׵С㡣
½Ҳڰ½ײӵĶע⵽ﻹиòĸˡ
ɽͣ׽壬ͬȥͻ
Ŷðɣ洹һʧ䣬Ҿ͡
½ףС£һȥ
һ𣿡ϲ̧ͷδϵ˿ڣֵȻ½ʢҾ͹ˡ
ɣ
ˡֱԣû½ʢ

ԭҿֶ˸棬˲١
泤ùϲûһͬ½ˡ
½ƽãһŪݣһо㡣
ǸԻڸҲһ⣬˵Ŵɣûһ½۽üȾЦ⡣

һС㿴˵ûɣӦöߵģͬ˽ӴӴŻá

½̧ȥ½
ʢ½㱻һֱںԺУ뻨Ϊ顣
ֱɼ޽֮󣬲Ŵ˼š
ó½ʵϲ֣
ʢ˳ǣο½Ĳڣ̼½
ͬʱ½Ҳ֪Ǻģ½Щ
Ҫ˵ʱȴŤͷʣˣɣϴβ˵ô

ɵͷ
翪ӣһ˷ܣ㿴Ҹ½ĸѹأһܺõġ
һյĹ½ĳƺѾϷˣ½ĸ
½Ҳתͷ
Ц˵ɣһûá
ʢ󣬸ûͣû¡

ðɡͬ½㣬ѯʹɣֽĿ½ϣǸ½ˣһСϢ֤ܲ£
档ɳҡͷ
ˣʲôãһ㣬ῴɫְԣ뵽ʲôʲôԸ
ƲƲ죬Ȼ˵ˣĿȴ½ϡ
½׿ɵϣֻõС˵

˵ȥʱ¿£ԭ״Ԫģʱ˵֮ſɿ״Ԫòȴ̽ɡ֮ǰУ˽Ա곤Ժ㽫̽ɣд£

£š
ʱȥʹȴԡǲǶѳɶ֣кκ˵ġҹȥˡ
ͻȻ˵Ҳܺ档

һʱ䣬еĿ⣬½ϡ
ֻν͵ҥѣС㲻ص档

ҥô
½׺üۣЩš
Ҳ˳һᣬ½ô˵ûˣ½

һ·У˳ǽͣ
ȥӻޣϼһʯѶϲͷ·Աֲͷȥ⻨ɫǴġ
ɽӻǳģÿӻʢʱв˶ͻ棬ʻݣӰ
һʱЦӳ˷ֲ˱Ȼǻʤһ

½ˡ
Ǹʹһ
ɻͷͼһǴͣ£˴ƤһƣǲƼɣɢЦ½ҲأλĶҪһ𰡣
үһ֪̳ʥȥתʵүһˣ֪ҶɼҵСҶȻھŹˣ

̳йŹһۡ
ô
ɻ˵һ룬㱻˴ˣ֪ˣôʱ
˵䣬̳ζ䣬һֻ˪ӳ̽˳
ɳһʱ

ͻˣʱ̸ֹͣϢԴŹү
ɴ۽ޣҲһ

ȺУһ۱½ס
ȥһУ½˲٣϶˰̣䵽ϡ
գɴһʯȹ˵ü˳½࣬Źɹ˳м˼ҵ
Ǹװġ
ķָˣֻɣĹŮ˿ڣūţСδɻǰͬҶȻãڿ⴫Ųٰ

Ƥһ̸ϣֻй֮Եѡ
ǣй֮ԵֵСͰϸʣСǲŶˣСǲ֪ɣСү
ҷˡ
ǹŮ˵ѱ½ױߣĺһ
ڿڣɡ
л˸O@üĿʮĹʵŶ䣬ؽĶ
Ҳûǵڴߵǰ

˵ſϷȴ룬˵˾䣬ǵĻ
ҶȻ
䲻⻰סˡ
ΣֻȷϣҶȻǷ񰲺ã˵ˣֻǨŭҶȻ
ҡ
ձǡ
£ĥغ«ʲôҩʱɨһۣɢ˰ɡ
ǡ˶ʱ״ɢȥ
½һ⻰תǣסɣ߰ɡ

ߣֻز׷ߵģɴ۽ޣȻ
ɸתʹص½ףȵȡ
кָ̣½ת纮ģûа

⻰üȻѾҲ׼ˣȴ룬شƽϢƬ̣Խ½ף½
Ź½׵½ǰ
½ʱʱϴᴳ븮һ£ȴ¡
ڿأʱŵһţ߬סɵ֡
°ڣµġɵš
ؿһĻֻޱȰۣ˱۾۵׵Ĳʼѹȥʱֱͦϴ֮£Ǳ֮صϷϷ˼¡

ɶȻ۾̧ͷ
ؽվȻǸġ
¶ѹˣô
ĿʱȻ˵ˡ
֦ҶĹίȫһϡ

½ֻ½Ϊϴ֮£Ѵ½׵ۡ
뻺½֮Ĺϵֻ½Ǹ

Ȼ½ϴε黹£أ˲þףҡ
˵ţ½ʶסԼ
½Ϸˣ
Ź£ĸܲô̼빫պԶЩ
½صĻת½ɽȥ

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ôһ˲䣬ɿ˵ԼһۣҼٿˡ

ӻޣһɽϣ˲ֻ̤һزк졣
󼸲չôˣԴ
ûСǿҡҡͷ
ûвŹأӼ֮һֱ񡣡ǰ½һۣС˵׵ġһⳤúÿˣҲ½׵ĴͿܾķϣͱˣòã

ûֻǾúѹ
ѹһͷˮѹʲôѹĲӦǾŹô

ǰںѹ
ѹҲġ
˳ʱҲһ㣬ĻϲԼһǻ⣬½׸ǰġ
ɽأ
߳ĳĬ֮½ȴ

½ˣͻȻڡ
ʶ̧ͼ½ͻȻתһʶˣȴ˴ʱɽϡ
µʱͲ˿գ˲䳯ȥ

ɣŵˣתҪȥɣȴһקסɵ󣬽˻
ء½ױɣ󱳺ݺײڻ£һʱ꣬һ

泤һѵóһɫദĻᣬת첽ס½½ĸӻܳģ㵽ȥ
½ɵͷˡ

һ˲Ŀհףѹʱ½޹İ
ɣʲô½׵ͷͳģ˼ֺ¡
ȫʯףһŲȿգˤȥɲС¡

ǰ
ʲô
ǳ֥ùӵˣαԸ
صòˣǿ󣬶ᡣ
ҲͦõģóԸ޸½ףɪԼ˼ѰദҲͦõġ

֮ͨɴ½׻˳˵仰Ŀǰʱ½һˣɣԲ𡣡
ʲôأֻմһ䡮Ѫһѡ
ҡҡͷ½Զˣȥͻɡ

һͣͣ˵˵ЦЦ½ͻȴ룬ɽϣ̳С
һһӦǳ̳ȥ
ˣŹˡ̳дҡڴλߵ½ǰ˵ûף½˸أ
½ͻɣתͷ
ȥζС½ͬ˵꣬תͷСٶѣүɷ½ĳˡ

һ£ȻʧЦ
½⻰˵ʮǫˡ
ƷС٣سƵʢĩϣƶְȴͬҲǸƷС٣λְأӽܼٹ£ֱӸʵ࣬߹سҵǡ
ƶУƣġ

̳йһЦδ½׵Ļֻҵͣ´ֲܵ͵ĺ£½˼ǵű
֮У½˹٣̳Ҳ˲ʹ͡
ɣ

ʱ֣ͻȻƣžεضӻ£һꡣ
ۿŴ꽫ͻ˴Ҵɽ

سǺȽͻ޼ңһ˲Ż˸

꼸ͣǰľʱͫ͵һӡ
½ȥɫҲȻ

Ŵ󿪣С˺ڵ/󿪵øϣһ߳Ѻۡ
ھĵģżȻһ˻½̧ѹѹһȺԸųɳŷԶˡ

ףʲôˣҲ˲ͬѰչʱ½һѷӡ
û£ţȥơ
˵꣬½׾վȣѵһ鿴꼣ͱ߷ɳص½׽£ȳһѪĭ

½ʱǰҧгݵ½ףҪɱˣ
أᵶӶһ˫ĺ⡣






32.  컳   ҰĽѾãȢΪ޵ġ

ɲ½, ÿӣ㿴˺˵һĻ
ףɾһ˼, Ѵȥ, ˱ס½ףͷ½ǰ

ŵˣ˭û뵽, ɻͻȻ˹
½ɫ, ֱƹĵʱٱܿˣ̷ֿ, ת, ѡѪ֮סɡ
й˫۾, ɳʱ, ͫҲ
䣬ת, 뽫гԼһ̡

ˡ
һ죬һг䶨

½ױɣ˺üſվȡ
һ̴½׻˳ҿ˵Ķˣ
½ӣͷϸһ亹, ɵļιǣֱӣû£ɡ
δ˵꣬һѽ

ɣôû˵
δȥɬͦһףɭɭ⣬УǸӣϸΨǴӵӹˡ
ʱüźţ˵Щʲô˵Ҫֹ

ž
һѽԷ֣˼ˣŭ컳δ͸ҵļ񣿡
ǲǣҸļղŻɱڵ컳ǰ˲ˣ½̽ȥҪ
ȴûǸģֱת½ȥ

컳ĶסˣҲסˡ
ףô˵Ķˣɷס½ףĿ⽹ȥǱô
ɣҡ
겻½װĹ˰
½̧컳첽ĿУ޲ýǧС

컳Σؾ۵ĳΨûѾ֡
ʦسǰδдŸ֪ɣһϲţȴû뵽ϲȻ˾š
ӹг֮컳ﶼûأӱȥҡ
Ȳɣ뽫ǧʢｻԼļţ뿴ɼԼʱϲģ

ɵ֮ĵĻϲ˲ܧɻҡ

ŵС˵С½˳ˣСүҪȥ½Ҳǡ
ף
˭ˣ
ͬ˭ˣ
컳˲ʧˣһ߬סС˵죬˵һ飿˭ˣ˭ˣ
ҼС㰡С˱յĴµǰ½˳ˡ

ɳˣ
Ϊʲôû˸
Ϊʲôû˸
ⲻص㣬ص㡪
½ˣĸ½ˣ
С㶼ʶǸ½½˰

½ף
ܣɾܼ޸
С˵ڵϣһûȣֱ컳
˵Ϊʲô޸½ףǸǰʲô£
ɴСһ𳤴֪ǸԻͷݵˣܻͻȻ޸½ס
һǷЩʲôŻˡ
Эģֻмˡ

СսսȵʧԱ˵ˡ
ԭˣԭˣ½޳ܵСˣ컳ɿСˣĿѷᵶ½ҡ
֮һ·δҵ½Σʱǡײǹ
ǰһĻ

½סɵ֣վֱӣ겻Сүһ
½ף㡪
컳߬еĵ˵һ룬һļףɡ

½
Ϸˣ㣡ü׷š
½첽սţɺ½һۣŤͷȥ컳ȴɷģŵ
æǰס͵͵컳һۣʾϽѵ

˳ʱ컳Ҳ½ΣĲҲжš
½Լ˵ϵŭȴδȥ׺ݵ½ס

½½ߣţϸϸףʲô£λ
δ½׷ס½ԸǣˣȷϷ˽ȥ
½ȴߣ½׺ɣδԵ㣬㡭
ɷĸ֣½ҵ컳˵
½֪ǣСүɻӡ󣿡
Сү½ţС컳
ɽӻǵ˳ʱһǸԲСӡ

ɣ컳
СʱѾԲ˺𣿣
컳һɤӣǵûԼ󣬷½ˣɫ˲þ߬סɵ֣ҡͷҲǵˣǵˡ
ûµģǵҲûϵ컳ǻˡ̰š
ȻֻҪ컳ڣ½ƽ

½׵Ҫ£Сү
컳Ҳ֪ղ˵ĺʱȴƫҪ½׷ֲģɣҡ
컳Ȼȥɴ컳Ļ
컳۾˲ɵϴһߵƾʲôߣ
½ҡ
컳ҭһ£üɣҽոջʢҡ
컳շʲôԺ˵Ȼȥô̼½ֻܺȰ

컳Ըߣֲòߡ
̧ͷݺݵ½һۣĿֻϣɫһʱҲݲֻõãȻȥ㡣
ɵͷĿ뿪ź½˲½ظ

½뿪컳橻˺

˵컳ʦسϢ󣬺Ԫȥʰ컳סԺӣںˡ
ȥٳٲˣģǲȥ·һȦ˻˵ûҵ컳
أȥ𣿡
ˣŵС˵Сүȥ֡
ͻȻСϲչ£㿴ǲСү

Ԫ̻ͷ˿ϵͦΣף컳˭
죡ȥϺү˵Сүˡ
Ԫ˸С˽ȥػԼ̨ס


Ԫֻǰһ⣬̧ʱԭϵˣѾǰˡ
СүˡԪӭȥϽС˹ȥǣĿȴû뿪컳ϡ
ǰ컳ʱǸëͷСӣͦΣмķ緶ˡ
ԪһϲɫˣҲˡ

Ԫ塣컳к޵ݸԪҵأ
ү鷿˵СүҪһϡ
ȥ
컳仰̨ףɫߡ
ԪתͷȥСˣղ˵Сүȥң
ǰ
ˣԪɫ̱ˣ̿첽ȥ

ѹǣŰµе㣬ȥȴקסֻͽ޹Ŀš
ԤʾŴ꽫

컳һ·УƳɴĳȣӿսǴĻ֦һ̤ȥʱײ˸
عٳһ̧
ȴڿԷʱͻȻס

ҲǼٺվȺһ̧ͷ˵ı龹Ȼһ¡üëšһţᷳԷڿԷ˭һ㵡
Ŀʱһʱ£˭û˵

Ǻ׷Сˣⳡס
үСүȻҪ
£ȥɫһѵ
СŵԴһˡ

ֻʣԶĸӶˡ
һźۼҵĿ컳ϣ촽鶯컳ȴһˡ
δһ仰ǹػʡ
ɳɻģΪʲôң


ˣ£žڷ
ĸ飬˲䵭Щٳʱ˲٣д󵱻Ů󵱼ޣɻθɣ
ɳɻʱ컳ھУô

Һθɣ컳̧ͷĿݺݶϣŭȵף֪ģҰĽѾãȢΪ޵ģ֪ģȢΪ޵ġ
˵߳жѴʡ
û֪һȵĹʱѼΪ˸ʱ顣
ģˡ

ԭأ컳㣬վв̣ӲʢŮǣϲΪ
˭ҪֻҪɡ컳Ļ˫֣Թ

һ˫۾ǵ㸸飬̼ɢ˸ɾ
´һЦҪοȥӾûȥӾĻͰˣ컳·Լѡģܹ˭
֮䣬֪Ķۡ

컳۾һױȻʳ鿪һ컳һĮţ˵ĮȻ
һ£ѵУ˼

컳ٿʱƽࣺǣѡ·ҹֲκˣǸףأʱʲô
½Ȣɣ֣Ӧĸס
СҵӣǸ϶࣬ҳº󣬸ףôģ
컳ճȭǽڷס
ȴܶ
ˣĻ˫Ŀ㶮ʲôȵʧһŭ˭飿
½׸ңҲˡ
һƿСȻһкοɾģ

ǰ
Ϊ޾壬½ˡ
컳ãһһѾõ⣺ףгһգҺͺ֮䣬ֻܱȫһǲҲԥңȫ

⻰ʵľЩ治ˡ
˶Ȼɫֱ̧˹ȥ

Ⱪע䣬ȴûڸסİ
컳תͷֱĨȥǵѪգŭݵЦôʲôģҲΪѵġ
䣬ת󲽳ߡ

Сүô꣬ҪȥĶԪȥ컳ȴһƿ
ǣͷҲصĳߡ
Ԫ޷ֻÿ첽Ȱү⡪
ӣߣߣסؿڣ컳ıӰŭš

ͬɢĳͬ½ĸТ
½ԺУι½ҩ˯˹ȥ

ü棬ɣ̳ɡǰ
ʣأ
ӦԺ
üɡߣһ·ϲͣ죺СүҲ߯ЩûƼǸղŹʱСڵ϶ˣҲ֪ôˣ
һ䣬ȻѹúܵͣǱˡ

ͣ£Цڸﶼæǻ꼣Ȼȥ
á
üϲЦտӦͻԺӣ㻶ϲɡˡ
ҡҡͷ˸Ůô
أӸջ
ɵͷŸղʴҪҩתȥˡ

עҲġ
¾ɫɴЮţƮɢҹ˴һȵ޹ǰҡҷˣǰС
ϸɴϣЩǼ⣬Խǰɴһȫÿ½⧲Ƶǰ
ڿǰʱͫ͵һĿԭء




33.  Ƹ   ЩƸ̫ˡ

ע, ֻһյơ
ɴÿʱֻɫůڵĺ, Ŀİס
ʱ, ½ͭǰվ⻬ݵĺ󱳣¶ڿ, ӳĴƮ, 棬ƲϾһ·Ѷ¡

ɾһ, ס۾, žҪ˳ȥ
鿴ԼƵ½ף춯, ̧ɨ, Ķӵʱһ, ̵ɡ
ûʲôûǵͨ죬ֻȥƫƫղ̫ţСľɴ
ɴ᣶ͷ£У粽С
½׹ĽŲ¸ǽɴȴƫƫڸһ, ԽȴԽⲻ

𶯡½׵ͷ
һȥ½ףҲҶˡ
½ָⷭɣѲɴָ䣬ƺ˲
䣬Ϥ½׽⿪ˣõѺɵһӦ̳˼ȥ½ףֻҴٵʲôҩġ
˵꣬ҽҩ½ףתҪܣȴ˷סˡ

½Цˣɲ˳ϸҩ
Լϡ
ںϣԼ󷽱㡣
ȥҸС
½̾˿ɿɵ֣ɽһҪʱֵС˶Сүſˡ

ɣ˲Ųˡ

Ȼؼʱ̣컳ˣ½׺ϣһ࣬Ѿʱˣǵûȥˡ
һ֪ʱ컳˺֡

ճҩ࣬࣬СԹţ컳Ҳǵģûûصģھд꣬ôǸĲ¾ͳ嶯Ļë

ɵ˳ûã컳ҲԡΪɣȥ˳ǡ
ˣҲǴСһ𳤴ġ
ǰ˹ϵܺõģ֪ʲôʱʼ컳һ½ףͳڼۣ½׼£Ͳ̹Ƶġ
ûһֱᵶкġ
ɲʣףʲôˣ

ɳɻʱ½ױ֪ôһġ
ʱֻԩСү뿪˳Ǻұͬûϵˣǵһ档
컳ô׸ʲô
һͷˮҲûˡ

ҩɾٹʱ½Ѿˣ衣
ףм£ͬ
ţ˵

ȻӰݣ뻨Ϊ飬಻ǳ֮ƣټϽգʱǻϲȸԾԣ롭
￪ӣ½׽ɵĻֵȲ
ɵͷ
½ǸϲֵˣձںԺеġ
ƽͷãһֻ㣬ȻģͻֻԼįͲͬˣĶᱻܶƷõܶޣʱгɾ͸а
һ˵꣬ŲѣͰ½ס
ĺã½ײӦҲǰ״

½״û˵
˼ǲУ
Ŀ½ףԥҪҪΪ½ȡһ£½ʣϲ㣬޷һӡ
һ⻰ɱ֪Ϸ̷²ѣ½࿿˿۾ģһţһ˸֡
С㣿
ԣԳʳоһʣҪ￪ӣȻģʱڣ⣬һܺõġ

л谵ֻһյƣˮţֻϡĺ⡣
һжӰӰ´µģΨˣʵġ
½ɣ½ĸӣ˵ɲԾס½׵ǣ׬׬ǮǴҪģҪϲ£Ͳᣬһֱ
˵֮ɺһڲ裬ŷ֣½һֱ
ʣô
źܲ
սѣȻأ

ǰ½ܾãʳ½ΪТ
ɴŷ֣Т˳ֻڱ档
½ɰǣ½ĺܺãԽ˽磬˽
ıϾ½ӴȴҲˣ½̲Է⣬ֻһֱڹȥʹ֮֮С

ף𲻴Ӧһ飬ͷﲻԾ˼
İ½׵ģϣ½ܿĵģǱںԺУնԻ԰
½׶˫۾Цɽ¶׵ˣвӦ֮
̫ˣȥɵվҪߣȴ½һס½Цʲô˵ˣҵ»û˵

ֻ½״ͳһţݸɡ
ɴһɨϳ֣ӹѸٲ𿪡

һĿʮпְ֮ŷ˶ʣûˣһţ
ǧŻдݽģûɣѼΪ˸ǰǰӣҪּҵȵȶࡣ
ҵأɲʣҵûдţ
½ҡͷ
ǲȫ᲻˱ʡ
˲ֽֽֿһ飬ҸҲǵģʲô͵һжãصǣҲϸ˵˵ôԶŻô붼˵ҡ
ֳ㡣
Ƽˣңô룬һأ

½׹ЦЦɸƽŽ󣬲ŵһ£ʱƸʱҽ䵽˰£⣬Ǽ֡
ţãȻ̧ͷ
ɻҹױӿһ룬ͱüˣ¡
½һ£ŲѣòƲʵף뿪˳ǺǵʲôԵô
ţ
ЩƸ̫ˡ

˳ʱ½ֻӯ࣬㲻ϣϴ½Ƹʱֲң

⻰˵ת½׶һ£׹
ЦЩ游ģԭģȫƸ񡣡




34.  Ľ   Ϊʲô˵أ

ɲȻ
ǵ, ½漮ݵġ
ʢǧ½׵游Ȼܰʢ, ȻҲǸ
ɲʣ, 游ʲô
ҦϷϥʱҦϷ˽࣬ʢⳡ飬˵½游¼

½۽޵ʹ, ѴһƬ, һ֡
½䡣һ飬ʢҶ䣬ȴδ½֡
Ӧ֪, Щ俪ʢ, 游ȴδ
Ŷ½£ûˡ
½Ҳû˵ȥ, ǽַŵ, ЩӣԭӪ, Ǹãȫƾ
һ£ҡͷУףЩ游ģҡ
δ˵꣬͵ضסˣΪ½סָ⡣

ʲô½Цסɵָ, ٺ»΢ʳǣģʲôȥ塣

ǡ
˵ġ
ʧܣЩӣ½游ģ°Լϡ

̧½˫ºͣ˼ݵ۾ʱ˲ඥ
½ģڵʲô˵صĻȥͬʱֱ׵ĸʧˣҲûϵڣỤġ
ۿһȡ
ǣδ͵½ȴˡ

ףҡ
ͬ½˵ЩʲôƫʣʲôҲ˵ֻֽ߬ס½ף˺ü£¶ĵãԡ
ţԡ½۵Цӿ

ⳡһֱµڶ緽Ъͣʱ½Ⱥλˡ
һ档

ɣɡ
ͬü˵ͻȻһ󼱺
ŤͷͼܽԺлˮδɨ꣬ܶ˲ñܣֱӲŻˮܹˡ
ɣɣҾ֪һῪӵġ
˵䣬ɱһ£˼ſվȡ
ɿЦʣôʲô
ңⲻôţӿϣϢһӵӣҾˣһ·ˡ
ηס棬Ťͷ廭üȥϲ衣

üȥ֮ŮܽϣС㣬㣬Ҫׯŵġ
͡
һ⻰ֱЦ˳ֽ͵ûЦ㣬ֻҸǰʢʱÿμңҪѵ⣬Ҷׯŵġ
ءӣʵ˵ȥҲˣôˣ

һ˵ɾЩ㽫д˵ˡ
統ֳˣȻǱϲǣɱˡ
ҲҾǵǣ֪ģҸ˹ŰֲչԼ߳ƽ֮⣬Ҳûչ˵ˡ
üϲ裬䣬Ц˾ͱˣүǰ˵ôҪȥү׵ģһ
ء
һ죬һŮѼС㣡

棡æȥ棬ôû̵üôµģ˵ˣ²裬ôϵȲ裿
üҲһ૵ûϵľ²谡С㣬û°ɡ
СֵˣܲôΧԼЦѽû£ֻˣ費̣ûµġ
ô˵ɼ½ϱʪˣҴлѡ

ˣѣҲ
ܾˣȴɷЩɵѣ̫Сˡ
ȣһ͸ˣ˵ţŤͷȥԼŮ

Ů⣬̽еϻӣŵϡ
С⣬ɵıǮ
潫ϻӴ򿪣ⱦ

ҲͬŤֱӵɿԣм£ҵǰ˵ӣǿƴʱõģΣҿɲұ֤
Ҳûָ׬ǮԼҸ£ȥμʲôᣬ㲻֪ǰжෳоֻҪǸŮӣԷӣͺ޲ͷףǷˣ

ⲻַգֻܽ氮Եĸƹȥıο
ˣ˵ˣ֧ӣҧŸ㣬ڳݲʣ˵컳

ȻҲУٱƱƣ˵Ҿ̲סˣү㿪
ԺͻȻҵĽŲŵ
潫ȥãˣתˡ

ɸվ컳ӰѾԺſˡ
̲СүԺȫŮ죬ôȵȣ˽ȥͨһ
ͨЦȥ½ףСҼɣĴҪͨ㿴Ž£컳ʱַһѲ̲ͷˣҽˣͱ١
ֻδ˵꣬컳Ͳڿ̧ͷͿվµɡ

ɡ컳һЦҪܹ
£û˵Ц⣬ĿⶢĽš
컳ĪëȥĽţ˳ȥ
̲״ԭѾҪʱ컳ɤӣʲôȥͨһ
̲Ťͷּ컳
ⶼˣͨʲô壿
ܲס컳ߴ٣ȥɣˣ⡭
ףˣ̲ȥɣû¡

̲ˣ컳ŸŻ
ʲôǸô
Щ䣬컳һ٣ίɣ㲻Ҫô飬ҡ
飿㿴⸮мСվֱӵġ
˭̫ˡ컳СߴᣬĿ⣬̸Ŀڵʲô̫嶯ˣǵҩҳȻٶ⣬һ˲һӣ㿴ô
û˵
컳Űߵ̨£ɣͰͿʼңɣͿһʢķݶϣͱˣòã

ɵҲûΪ컳ֻԣ¾ˣһ㣬Ժ½׼֣Ҫͨ
컳̨ΪʲôǰҶֱӽġ
Ҳ˵ˣǰǰ

컳Ҫ˵ȴȡ
ڰɳˣ˼½ˣŮбҪӵģ㶮
ѭȥ컳ſ棬ȻôҲڣ
ž׼Ҳ

컳̨̣׺ֱߵǰһ۵ɣίˡ
˵ţȥɡ
̳˼컳˵˵ֶš

컳סˡ
ôͻȻôˣ
Щ˵ˣܿ죬컳ֽ֣ȫ̵½ϡ
ã½Юͼŵġ

컳Ͷŭˣҧгת½޳ܵСˣȥ
վסŭȵ
вף컳Ϊһ棬Ͷ½״֣ڿ㶮ˡ

ɡ
ʱǸ˭ҶôɴĻ
컳һ㶣תͷһſɡ
£΢̧ɫƽʱֻҪܾҸ֣˭Ҷ޸

ڳһʵʵ䵽컳Уȴŭʢ
컳˫ճȭŭҹܲţ½ײôʶִǰã½ףҲóû١
ʶ֣Ǳ֡ɳ㸲ɫģ컳Ժͻ֪ϣֻѪײŻ᲻Ƶʧ㻤㣬ˣ㵫󣬶õȼ۽׾Ҹ֣Ҽ޸ܹƽ

ǵģɣҲǣҡ
컳ʰģɸ˸ͷͱľˡ
½ˣ˰

ԭɣ⻰͵̧ͷȻȥ
½վԺſڣ΢˿͸ʱʲô
ʲôʱģˣ
ףҡʶҪͣ죬͵ͣ

ʲôý͵أղ˵ȫʵ
½ȢΪ˲й
޸½ףΪ˾ĸ֡
׮£һʼǸףһ㣬Ǳ˴˶֪ûʲôüɻġ
ٿʱѾƽࣺղæô

½ҡͷ
˲һձĸоʲôɰӵ飬ǾôöˣҲҳǮˣҪʲô£ȥˣҴӦȥεģҪûʲô£Ҿ˰
˵꣬Ÿ㣬ЯŮѸˡ

ԺֻʣˣĪЩƣ룬תͷ컳컳ûµĻҲȻȥɡ
컳Ҳ֪񡡡ղ˵ĺʱͷŤͷư°ͣ½ˣ㲻ң
Сү롣
컳½ˣʯϡ
üԱߣС˾䣺ˡ
û¡

üһԥ͵͵ɺüۣջûסˣ˵仰Ҷ찡
ƫͷһۣüѾȰȿʼˣȻҲ֪͹үǰΪʲôͻȻˣѾˣӶҲܺãȻˣΪʲôʹ˷Ľᣬúͬӹأ

Ľᡣ
ɿЦĽᣬ½ס
ܷ£Ͳϲˡ
ɶµ壬Ƭ̣ü֪ܲ衣

½״õģ֪ġ
ͬʱҲ֪ãȡһǹ֣һ½׶йʱԼͬס
֪֪ʱ򣬵½ʱżǻʧ
Ϊ˲Լڴˣֻ˼İ취Լ׮£ֻһ׮ס
Ųᣬصǰĸޡ

***
½컳һ·ϣ컳ѵ׼ȴ룬Ƿƽ˾һ·ֱ쵽ǰʱ컳ͻأ˵˾䣺½ףɲ֪ϲ԰ɣ
밢֮£ͲСүˡ
컳½׵ĿܳţƣΪʲô˵أ

½΢䣬ǼסˣСүߺá
˵꣬תߡ
컳ȴϷŹĿ½׺ϣȴ½ߴ硣
˵Ϊ֪˵ˣҲš
ƮƮһ仰˲½ɫףԭء





35.  Ȱ루׽棩   ɣʲôʱ½򡭡

˳ʱ, 컳֪½ϲɡ
ԵʱŻ½, ֪Ѷ, ½ȴƫ֪֮䷢ʲôͻȻԶ½ס
ټʱ, , ɱ뿪˳ǣʢ

û½ب֮, 컳˻ˡ
û, ѧصͷȥҦϷϥ, ҦլԺ, ɭϣҲǰǰ, ʱȥˡ
ǡʱһܣһ֮£һ⣬͵ȥӾˡ

һߣꡣ
꣬컳õʱ䡣
֪ɣ, õȸԺ󣬵ʱԼ͹ǡܷӭȢɹš
ɵΪ½·̣һŶû졣

컳ֱ޲һ½ס
ղţǷ֮ͻȻ⡣
컳½ףղŰЩ˰ɣ

½ʹû𻰣ëȴһ¡
ת˲ŵĶȴǱ컳׽ˣ½ѪɫʧͻȻˣ½ףһȻôһ취

½ױ˱۾֣ǽڷס
컳˫ֻأϾ½ףЦǣԸ˹ˣղҲ׶ˣ׮£ڰǶһ׮סֶȢͬʱҲһ̣԰ٺãҲı䲻ˣûٱ޸ʵ

컳Ļģ½ҵĴǣ͵۾ӭ컳Ŀ⣬η壺СүǰѴʧҲصޣȻĲ䣬ֻҪȢɣ޻ڡ
㡭
ڱģǷ֮£޹ء½컳ĻСү߲͡
գת뿪

½ף컳û뵽ԼȻᱻɱţ½׵ıӰŭޣǷޣ㻹ҪҪҼȻʢ;Ӳţһðͬġ
컳ѻ֦ϵ񶼾ˣ½ȴͷҲûأֱˡ

컳ĿŤûͷӬƵԭشתƬ̣ݺһȭϣֶݺݵ½ףţһðɸ룡
Ӧֻмżſ

ȻȷˣǸ˦ƹģѡַһ£ȥ
ÿǰųţžڽ컳ɶɣǲ˶½ҡ

ǰ컳󷽷ˡ
ɱҭһ£һ컳հʦس˼ϣϸʲô
ɾ£컳˹ÿε˵ɣ綼Ѿƽˣʲôʱ½׺밡

ڳԸ棬һã̧ͷɣҪ½˺룿
ʲôʱ˵Ҫ׺ˣԱ߶˶㣬ܿ컳
޸Ϊ˾ǣƽˣȻҪˡ컳˵ֱ׳Ҫ׷ɡ
ֱס𶯣á
컳ԹãĿƿɣãҲǰɣʲôʱ½׺롣

ȥǰɣ
̾Ϣ컳Ҵû˵Ҫ׺롣
޸
ǣҼ޸Ϊ˱Ҹ֮Ҳû˵Ҫ롣
ǰһ㣬ŵ½ģúÿ԰ֺã֪֪׵ˣҪ룿

һˣôÿʲôܵ˵ˣҳòÿ𣿡컳ˡ
ܵģ½ܶ뷹컳һһָͷǿֻܶһ롣
컳û뵽ҲסǣûԸ㶼²ס죡
ԸҲӰ˵溬컳ĺδ޷ݣȰ㰡ͱǽˣɺ½֮䣬Ͽҡҡ׹ʱҪʵ˼Ǽ᲻ɴݣôǽǶûڳɹôİ
㡪
컳Ҫʱŷ֣ѾŻüˣ˲˲óѿ֮ˣɣȵҡ
״Ҳץ˸㣬æȥ

컳ȳֱӴ¥Ϸȥǰסɵȥ·ɣ㡭
δ˵꣬һɫ
컳ɣôˣ

컳ܲܲҪȡˣһԼƽЩüŭȴزסҸ˵ĺѾף㣬ҪԴ

컳һ£ʶã½˵ʲôŭɣǲ½ף
ʲôû˵컳룬ҽռ޵㣬ͬ㣬Ǻθ룿
컳۾һҸ½ײһ
ǣײһ㣬ֱûУ֪֮꣬ʲôû˵컳˵⣬ûĸӣԸԼķˣġ

½ʲôʸһ˵컳ֶΣ޸ģ
Ϊʲô׵ģڣˡɿ컳ɫͬ˵һ飬ڣûͬ׺Ĵ㡣
Ժᷢʲôɲ֪ڣû㡣
ѡ컳˵ôһֱ֪˵ģǰ

컳ô꣬һֱǽǡ
ûϣʱͷӵĿһô˵ʱˡû㣬Ժ˵ˡ
ֻҪͷӵĺãûǽڲ

Լŭˣ컳̸˷ˣæúúã֪ˣԺҸģˣ⼸첻ô֪һҺʵģҴȥ
˵ţʶҪȥɣָ쵽һ룬뵽ɸղŵĻѸ˻ֻؾؿɡ

¥Ϳ컳˲٣ɿһۣ̾˿߰ɡ
ϣλС㣬컳ϲЦտæǰ·

˳˲¥ҪʱͻȻৡһ죬žصıżŭֱŵĴǾŹϲյÿնҪó͵ģڰˤˣǻعôŹ
䣬৵ı

УŹƺȴޱɵĶ
ԭѾˣ䲻ƺʶͷ

ѭȥǰһĻͫ͵һת첽Ǳȥ

ɣʲôȥ컳ûֻתͷȥ棺ʶŹ
òʢԼ֪滰˵һ룬ǰľʱͻȻɫŹֿ컳һۡ
컳һãȻôˣ
һҧһ㣬ϸʳ꣬컳ĺĵʱ̵ϲ㣬Ķгˡ
컳




36.  裨׽棩   һ̣˰⡭

ſ, һŮӣںݺûõĹС¶, Ҫкã
ÿһ, еıӾͺݺݳһ¡
ŸСˣС˫ֱͷӹϺ״һ, ȻƤ, ȴֻƺţδġ
ǷŮӼӲϵŭɸʢ, ӳˡ

Χ۵˽в, û˸ҳֱ
ס֣ͻȻŭȵ
ǷŮӻӱ޵Ķһ, ŭתͷ, Ⱥʱûа־֮ɫ, ãڵȵˣűӣЦҵ˭ô£ԭС㰡

صĹһÿμʱ޲ñǿ׳ŮӳҪڷճƺ⹬ÿμʱ, С㡣
ֻҪϣɾͲ½һ
õĺƽЩԳϵ߹ȥ

һƬûע⵽ⷽŮӺˡС㡯֮ڵϵˣ͵ض˶
ɿԼɺ˵ʱԱ߶ȥ
ɸתʱȴ˺ݺһȻ͵ܣ
գؾһš

ѵ
һ죬ƴţӲдƵģǰһ˿ϣһߵķ顣
ת䣬׵أƴڲصǱ⧲¶С
ʶģ̧סԼȴǳһ
ȺУ֪˭һѽҶСӣ

Ҳǣҡ
ҶȻɫҰףҲľͷˣ߶ţסԼ첲ȴ͵ر߬ס
ʲôڣôţҶӻ±ϳ
˶Цţ˫ַںϣƺŵ°ͣתˡ
ҶȻ˶ڶߣƫƫ˶ãֻĽ۾ϣӿЩѿ
۾ˣȴ²ϡ

ҶСôˣ
ǰǸɷôôţôǱ
ūˣƨ

Щ˽޿ײӬһ㣬Χת
ҶȻȫڶɫףһ̣˰ѣڹ컯֮νʾڣֻ߳룬ȴŶá
ƴƴȴֻĽ͸裬ˮһϳˢһʳǡ
ҶȻľżһɱ˰Ūֻڴ䷢ͻȻ

һըһ̣סˣһ˫ַס˹е𣺡Ҷӣô

ҶȻȻǰʱʶ̧־ٵһ룬ͻȻӦԼ⶯жЦ

㡪
֦ȵľһĻֹ̧֣סͬĻȵѽ˵½˳ǰͳҶȻһ˻죬ʱ¥ݣԭأڣ½άҶȻĪ⴫ģ

ĪҪĪҪѪˣղűƤһԲҶȻ⻰͵̧ͷۿ죬ڶȴͬװס
УȴԸɡ

װףһѻ鸾ˣڴϣȻΪһ˳ͷ˵ûè壡˭ţ
֦㡪
δ˵֦꣬ŭ׼˵𣿡
˵ţŲһ˿񶾵Цݣݺݽӳȥ

ˡ
ԳҶȻӳȥģɺҶȻһǱСġ˵绨ɾ͹ֲˡ

㡪
ҶȻ֦´ãһ֦ǸЦ֪ڴʲô⣬ʶȥɡ
˱һ

ݡ
ӻƿΧУеСѾס۾
ָ䣬Ȼһʹļ
˱鶼һ£ƿ֣ȴǰľ󾪴ˡ
ף˵ˣô˱Ǹ

漷㶣㲻˵㲻Ůӵ𣿡
Ůӣֻ۾ҴŮˣҴһֻ͵Ĺѡ
Ŷ˿ڣҿˡ

֦ڵʹధ
ͬæȥһС̣µҪȴǿŵ㣬֪˭ô㾹Ȼҡ
ǾŹĹҲܱ˽ǡ˵䣬컳ȺˣôţСүҲɽǣ
䣬ˢһ飬֮ש˲롣
ǰ˲ɫɪһţ˭ˡ

컳ʶȤŶеıӣתȥǡ
ȻڻûףɸҶȻʲôϵҶȻϱۣӻͳһƿӣݹȥǽҩ
лСүҶȻӣ۾ĸһӹ컳ҩлֳɵûµģ㣬ġ
컳ȵ֪ң

ҶȻҪ˵ʱ˶СҶӣعˡ
˵ﲻ컳ֻܽȫҶȻϡ

СҶƺ˲ҶȻѪɫʧһվ
һ𣬲֪ʱټͬ˵ЩʲôĬƬ̣գֻ˵˾䣺㣬ңˣ㣬ౣء
˵꣬ͷҪߡ
ȴ͵ر߬סˣһ̧ͷɡ

⼸ʶĶӦ֡
ҶȻڱˣȥˣ£Ȼܡ
˹Լǿãɡ 
㣬ûµģҶȻӣ̧ͷ۾ģĿɣŨŨĲᣬȴǳЦˣϽ֣㣬Ѿ޺ˣౣأˡ
˵ţǰһ˹˹ĳһ񣬱һǳһŹȥˡ

ĥĥĸʲô
ҶȻ߽ͱͬһקȥ׺ݵ̧־һǻڣֲڵİַˡ

ߣ֦Ťͷתȴ˽ס
һתͷŶԷ½˻кָ̣
ɵյִҶӣǾŹ˼
ҶȻΪūɳƺΪҶӡ

شûԸ֦˭صĴŮ
ҪطԸŮλã͸λˡ
ҲɵȻ֪ɵ˼½ԣСҶӱֱţˤ˹ϲյūССͷһ¡

һССͷһ£һ˫۾˪ѩ俴֦˳ƤССͷҵǺˣھŹʲô
֦¼ˣ㲻ҪѪˣŹ޹ء
ǾŹˣһһнԴŹĻ㵱ֱͬ飬ȥֻ˵ŹŰݵ˵ͬȡ֣ʱʷ̨һȥ˵ŹΣ

֦ˣͨһֱӹڵϡ
ǿҶȻԲѡѵһѵҪѵǣأ³ʲôԶ׼

֦ʱͻȻƳһ˫ЬͣԼǰ
˳ȹڿȥɾӸ뵽صֶΣŵĴ˸ջǵͷˣ½ϣūô
Ҫ´μҶȻʱǺúõġ

ǽ֦ҶĹΪһˣȻмԶֻ֣Ҫһ񣬵ԸΪЧ͵˶ǡ
֦ĴŮϰշһҶȻЩĥ
֦ҧҧ͵͵ãū澾
䣬ɵͷˣͬˡ

컳߹
ֵɣô֪Ҷӣ
ɴ۽û𻰣֪£ֻǸʼ




37.     ɫ࣡ף

Ȼ, ûգˡ
գ˸ϡ

컳ĸ, Ѱһ, ԭģһӦ߾ȫ֮ɿˡ
, ֿ˵ġ

ɵ׼Ĳ, ĻҲͺˣ˿ӣǸƵ, ˿żȢ
Ǿͺ쿪, İˣҧһڸ, ڳݲҳԹô, ǵһμʻó, ɣҸұ֤ʻһȻȫʢģʱһ׬ġ
ЦŸѲ裺׬׬Ǯҵνֻ￪ĵġ
ɣ͹˰Լи÷ǰҫǲǣ
, ҡ
УԲ׬׬㶼ν㵱ȻνϾ½˻üأߣǱ֪

ЩЦãԼɻ
⼸գһΪ½ӣһҲ½游µӣУг̺̣ѿʽʽ̫Ͼɣʶ塣
ɱ˼渰ʱȥ뿴СʲôӦٸĽĽ
ȴû뵽泣´Ȥ

ʲôТҵķϣСΪԭˡ
۾˱˻仰ӵ쾡¡
ɶЦˣǾͶлСˡ
лңǵʵʵĶϾҿɸôأ˵ţ潫ĳϣȥ
ɺֺЦһ£ЦպƷȥȸ˰ɣ

ɳɳɣ˲ϲЦտֱӵǰ첻һ׺챦ʯͷôҴȥμӻ磬öС㶼ңǴĶģұǵ̵֡
ӵƹͬ˵вٿˣȥѯ׺챦ʯͷ档 
вǣͷ̫Ưˣûѣɣ㻹мҳӣͷ棬һѣҵһ򡣡
ЦѾˣձܳˡ
ҵһҪţͼüĹĴ

Ťͷȥôǣ˭ǻüˣ
Ǹˡˣ
Ҧ裿
ЩɣѾˣôˣ

ղżξӣ˵˹Ҫӭ磬Ƿ˽ʱ͹⡣üӣޣ͹⣬ôܻǷˣһǻǸ꣬û
ü⡣
ô˵Ҧ趼ϵı㡣
üҧҧ촽޷޲ƽˣӵݸɡ

չȥһۣЩ֣ͬĲͣӭӣǱ湦򣬿ȴ͹⣬޺簡

ӣ˼Ƭ̣ƫͷʣ뿪ʢʱ䣬λ㣬ʲô
󶯾ûУ˵ˡ
üҦˣ°ͬʱȣܲڣҪͬʱȻаɣ
ˣм£Զںֺ¡
Źľ˾ˣ
ԣȥǶʱ䣬λñ˾Ź˵Զ£Ҧæأ

ǾͲˡ
ʢ˾֪£׻˵˵ĵ˾ѣټǽ֦ҶҦȥʸҲ֮е¡
ɴеӡ

üһоŹ˲ͻˣˣǾͱȥ˰ɣϴҦңŹôţȥ˸˭֪ᷢʲôǱȥˡ
Ҿûü˵еҲŸ͡
ӣҡͷ˽գ㲻գο磬ȥ˶Ȼܶ࣬ŹٽݣҲڵΪҡ
ǡ
ˣɴϻüĻҪȥŮֶ࣬Ҳ˳ΪƷơ
Ϸˣⶼʲôʱˣ㻹ΪƷư
üĶˣȴӣЦˣѶȥɡ
üƲ죬鲻Ըˡ

˵ΪƷƣ֪ɿȥΪҶȻ
ϴҦʱʦôҶȻͷֻ»ӱ䱾
Ҳ̲סȰɣǶ֪㵣Ҷӣ컳ǱѾ취ˣӭ磬ҪҸͷˡ

ûãŹסҶӣΪ˱û֮ǰȻֵġ
ҶȻ֣֮Ӳ
ɡ
İɣͬŹνзִġ
֣Ҳٶ˵ʲôˣվЩġ

½ҳҪʱǡ½׹˼΢ת㲻żˡ

½״߽ڸǰСôȥ
Ҹռ갢ɣ׼Ҫˣ֮ǰм£ͬ½˵һ
С뽲
ղżξˣӣ˵ǸҪٰӭ磬ɽʱ͹⡣ѵҦͬŹߵúܽ
㵽Ϊֹ½ȴе˼ףлС㣬һ㰢ͬ
ҾͷǡһԼˡ

ʱ䵯ָܿ쵽½ӿա
½ϲԿŰļΪ͵ֻűӦ˸ǰ˿µ꿪ŵӣǿˡ
忪ŵֱӽǶ쵽ˣȴ޼
½˵ĽͷŪŸ㣬дįסˣָӻƵȥ֧Щڳȥ
С˺ܿ콫֧ˣʾɡ
ɵڵ棬ȥ͡
ͣһ¡
컳Ҹһȥ

ȥ½סɡ
вУæס½ףȻܾУǳ͢٣ڽϹȻ㣬ɺͳȥˡ
ˣֳʱ˵ˣһپ٣һȥͬȥ̫Ĳ𡣡
½ЦЦԳߣŤͷȥ컳Сү˵Ҫһô

ߣҲŲһȥأ컳ߺϡ
½΢̧΢ζЦĪСүң
Ц㣡ʲôЦ
Ȼ£СүΪʲôҸұȣ
컳ڱϣʮǵˣΨ½ʱ˾ãҳˡ
Ȼ֪½Ǽܲ˼̴˭˵ҲҸˣȾͱȣ˭˭
գߣӣȥˡ

Ҫ׷ȥȴסɣȥȥ 
ˣһǳ͢٣һǺүַ㣬ɺͳ
סɣߣôͲͳѲɳ͢ٺͺүԷһû͵ûҲûɶΥҼ͵£ôͲͳˣ
⡪
ˣƽϽֶǵùƵƵͷһܸ·˷ͣⲻһô˵ˣ˵䣬λŮæɣ죬ˡ
ȥæкˣһʱ鲻

½׺컳һŶɴۣһźɫװ˽òǷһԳһķ羰ߡ
·ˣ޲ĿӣȻ࿪ӡŸȴ˸ǰѯʡ
ͬߵʽȣǶӣӣȴ쳣𱬡
ΧӣҺòóԣ컳֪Сٴ캰ţմժӣңúúܡ
СҪͣ컳ȥ㳢ˡ
ʿˮɰͰʣǲҲý

Լǵġ½ѵͷСү롣
컳°½ȣΣ죬ø½ףȡ
Сүȡ½ǶˣȻҲûֵֽ¡
컳ҲŲ죺ȡ

ȥ˭Ų죬Ȱ˻컳ܲˣҲɡ
˵һ룬컳ŷ֣տҲ

תͷһȦڲԶҵ½ס
ʱ½Ÿ㣬վ£С·㽫ݸƷ
У컳ʱ¶мǮǴˣֺСʲô
áֻû˵꣬컳ʹסˡ
ΪСǣĸ׵֣ı˸ӡ
컳

ҲˣС˸֮󣬼Աߣ͵͵˺һĹҲڹ߹ͬ½״ڨ
½׼˵ʲôָָĸӣǼﵱһҲӡ
һȥģ½Ѿɹˡ
ɫ࣡ף컳׺ݵ½ף޺š
ţҲ½סɫ࡯УŸӣҲʼֶ۸ˡ

£Ǿ̰ĵһ߽չ˲˵ԭڲԶ͵͵ǵĹǣҲ׷ǰˡ
˱ԾǺ棬ǰΧ˺ܶˣв˺棬Ҳչ֣ſţҲȥ˸㡣

ǿŵһ죬ˣֲױ棬ԽĲࡣ
ûһʱ㱻ˡ
Ǹոˣ鷳
ɽĿߣתԸƣȥſڹӡ
ȥңȥҡ½ӹ̨棬Ըµ
ЦŽľƵݸ½½Цȥˡ

ŵһ죬ȡȫĺóɼЩƮˣͬɣδʱˣյĸ㣬ٶЩ
ɾܾˣջǰսյš
Ϊʲôܲ⣺ǽĺܺðûղŻкܶûأ
컳Ϻߺôãɫ໻ģɣҪνң

ҡɻδ˵꣬һյѾ˹
½׵Ⱥȿڲ裬ɤӡ
Ŷáɸղһֱڲͣ˵ɤӶðˣӹѣС

½ЦСүո߾٣ġ
ҲŲϡأ˵Ŀ˱࣬ˡ
½ͬǣķڷ
㲻ķڷ𣿡컳ư̧̧°ͣȻԸķ䣬̸̸ͷ
½״պĸ㣬ˡ
˭ϡĸ㰡ҪĲͷǰɣҡ
ǱǸҲðɶġ½ֱӴ컳Ļ

ںȲҲǺһ£̧ͷ컳컳Ҫ˵ʱ̲סѵ컳֮ǰû˵ͷ°
컳ͫ𾪣һı顣
Լôõɫ࣬ͷˮһգ
컳תͷ絶޲ô½ס
½ȴΡȻ

½ĸӣô˳ˡ
ӿŵĵڶ죬㵽ӭӡ





38.     ǷޣһֱԲɡ

, ʰ׵Ҫʱ, Сүˡ
컳һʲô
ü, Żüߣ˼üһֹı飬Ťͷʲô˵, µġ

üС, ˵Сүסԧ¥
ɽһ٣æ, û˵¡
סˣ
ӻؾ, һֱסǶˡ

ɱ΢١
컳ӹϵ䵭֪, ֵ, ǰ컳͵ȥӾ, ǹͻˣǼ϶Ҳˣֵǰ㣿

ɡ
ʱ䲻컳
̧ͷ컳ߵܹЦɣҪȥҦӭɣպ˳·һ𰡡
ɵ½, ô˳·ģ
⡭컳Ǽ⡣
ȴϷŹ첮ˣΪʲô
ûΪʲô컳ʼ磬һںı飺֪ģһֱҡ

˵ʲô뻰첮Ķӣ㣬ܿ˭ɵ컳һۣΪǼҳ£첮ûæԭ򣿡
ǡ컳ʶϡ
ɱ˲ˡ

컳Ҵʱ䣬Ⱥ࣬ظ飬ҳ£ԸʩԮ֣˵һ̡
Ѿȥˣ׷Ҳûˡ
ɵ컳ûͬʱ첮Ǻĵˣʱŭ첮ȨҲûд
ʲôȨףҿܺ컳ͬ컳䵭ԼһЦֻкɣ֪ҺɣҸ֮ѡԻѡ
컳컳Ļ㸸ף˭ָΨ㲻ԡ

ף
컳ֻЦ
ǣѪԵϵĸףɴСָ׵Ρ
ĸȥҵʱ䣬ںж
ӲҪ˵˭ݹ׵Σˣְ
Щ£컳˵ɣˣˣǸϽ߰ɡ
˵ţڵԣһÿӣҪʱͻȻѽһеô

ɱ컳Ķһ̧ȥ
ӱһֻӨ׵ÿ¶½嵭˼ЦСү⻰˵ίʵЩҸΪβ
㣬㲻ڲ̲һô
컳δѾ첽ȥˣ־ϲʣףôô磿
½ƺ²£⼸һֱġ
٣һȥ硣˵䣬½֣

컳ҲҪȥ컳ǰƤЦⲻЦСүǸСݲôģôȥˡ
СүģѲȥ𣿡컳ڵ
½֮ǰʹˣ½ʱ䣬æŵ̲һ£ÿģӦòȥ硣
컳Ϊͬһ½֮󣬱㽫Լˡ
˭룬½ƾճĺ¡

̳кߺɣ߹ȥ

䣬ӱƿˣ𻰲ɣ½ס
пڴߣЦСүþɳ꼡
Сүùߡ컳Ųӣ
Ȼùߣǡ
컳ѾţҪˣ½Ʋ䣺Ǿ̲ٸСү׼

컳ֻãһϡ
ûü쭣½Ѿ³꼵߰ɡ
ǣӡԯϣһ˦Ѹٽˡ
컳ٶŤˣ޲óȥٴһ٣뵽ɻڣֻú޺ҧӣڶ

Ҧΰӭ磬ڱԺġ
ɺ½ȥʱԺſ㳵æµȥǽ»ݺĺò֣ΪҦ裬ſӭ
һŮǴȵģǳɡģųʮִ

½׷ɣ˹
½ˣ谢һסɵĸ첲ˣղкöңЩأߣԸ˵ȥ
ᣬСǴһ𣬲˵լ˽ΣɺϴģһƷı⡣
˸߿ڽǡ

һ̧ҦЦ
ȻҦе飬ȴûŲֻ̨֣ϣЦɡ

ɣ㣬ڲܰףѧῴ²ˣյɸǰŬŬ죺ղةҵǧֱ޲ӭأֵǽžͱýˡ
ɶҦǼֲˡ
ҦȽȥͬҦкá

áҦЦַͣŲţǸȻұ̨ȥӭǵģ⼸Ӳˬ߶¿ĵײɺְ
ա
͵͵һѣЦû£ȻˣӦöעǡ
˵ţҪЯȥȴҦüףͻȻɬһЦ㣬Ҳʲô£ǣǡ
ʲôҦȴ˵ˣֻһ޽״

ҦҴ֪꣬Ҧˣ˵㲻ˡ
ģɹֱ̫ԸƱˣ
Ҧָ̧˸ԼƽƽĶӣڳһȰ
ԾѾˣҪȥʱȴֱҦסˡ

ҦĿ⣬Լʶһ䲻һѡ
Ťͷͼ½ˣҪ˵ʱҦѾῪˣɺ½˵ĸ飬һĺѽ
ɲãҦרſãȻһˡ
Ҧ踧ԼĶӣʣͬ½˳Ҳˣţӣûô

⻰һɶʱãԼϵֻЩ̡
ĿͻȻƮ
½ûԲʲô

ȣǸ
ɸտ˸ͷϵֻ֣΢΢һɺײ½ʱ밢ɣС̷ˣ֮£շ
շĸ֣ɶĪһ̣ڳǰһ򴽽ǣͬ½Сξ롣

Ҧ˲һһģĳ˼űŮȡ
ˡ
û£վ̫ˣͷЩΡҦҵЦЦŮǽȥˡ

ᣬбŮ컹ǷֿģһȥŮҪ½һ
½׿½˷ģһ粽Űɡ
͡½ףĿϣ£ҡ
ɶʱãЩ˼½׻˻ӣŭˣֲСӣϽȥɡ
˵꣬澶ˡ

Цɣ½ƽôĶŵһˣֱĶʹĶ
ţʲô˼
㲻μᣬԲ֪˵㰡ڲӲ̫ùϾ˼ұԺüѹ˼֣˵Զи÷ıãǰʱˣԶڶأ
ɵδ˵

滹ڰȰȵ˵Զͬλ⣬ԭҪ׵ģڹϣλʱˮһȣŮҵڣ㲻ò޸ӡ
ͣ½Ųˮ˵
ǰʱ䣬λõɷ򲡹ˣݲͶξˣǼƣԶƺҪǰԵˡ

˲ˡ
ҦˣױҪǿ˵ģȻԼ
ŻϾŹԼУٰⳡӭ磬ĿıΪԼ̷˵ݡ
Ϊ˸ĲԼϵˣαˡ

ҦҲмͬ飬̾˿תͷѵɣ԰½ˣɲ˶ô½ˣһһ㣬Ըȥ⡣ 
ö˶˵ģô˵ˡһ⣬ʶӿȴһʲôѽȻҦɣղҲңɣ½ܲһӶɣ
֪˵ʲôȴܶ𣺡ͦõô㲻ǶĽô

Ҳһֱ
ôܣǡ
װɵ㶰ɵĻ½ǷޣѲһӲԲҪӰ
ǰû⣬죬ͻȻαʵ⣬һʱЩ֪롣
ʶܵģͱܿˣˣҪȰ¡
˵꣬ҲƵˡ
ӵһʱӵһôŭ䲻׷ȥ

ƽﲻϲμᣬ˶ϲȫ⣬ڷСмԶеģټһͬٷСˡ
˶ͷϵӲȤ½ˣͷ֧Ư
ϵʮϵ֮һ˵䣬ɽȡݸ˵С㡣
ʣʮ񣿿ʮ֧
ɵͷͬЩС㽲

ҦŮֽʱɱΧ룬һȺСΧߴߴ˵ѷΣмµ˼
ɡҦͻȻŤͷʱŷŲ֣̊ЦѾͷǵǮˣ⾹Ȼˡ
Ҧ⻰ʮǣɻı֮ʮԡ
ȥˣҪ˵ʱȴס첲ӯӯһЦ󷽷ƷɷСϲѡ
ղżλС㶼ѯʣҦͬɽһҲչչõ⣿ž

Ҧɫһû뵽Լ淴һǶô˫۾ţֻЦԼҽãӦãɸղ˵ΣҶһףȨǸ㿪Ŵˡ
⵹ǳ֮ģ㶣ҦЦЦȷʵʵģл㡣

ѵ
˵ʱͻȻˮһ졣
ƫͷȥһС˹ڵϣԱйֵϹĹˣӡ
̧־ҪǸСˣָվֲȻҶȻô㣡

ɡϵЦʱסˡ
һʱ䣬ˮɴƮвٹӸΧ˹ȥ˻ڸҶ֣˵Ǹº㱻Źȥˣô
Ҽҷ磬Ź˵ﲦ˹æŮˡ

ٿճȭ
ѹ־Źˣȴδ鷳ԭ⡣
ȺӣвնͬҶȻͬϯȻ߸ϣҶȻȴһӣ̶ֻǶ˲;ơ
ɱģҲˡ

ˮĹǣѰȤӿһһͬҶȻЦ
Ҷ֣治Щϧ
ǰ¥꣬񣬰ҲֻأǰǷµЩծˡ
ЩԽ˵ԽվĽǶȣҶȻʱı飬һ򼹱ֱͦˣʱȴ类ɥ֮Ȯһ㣬Ӳסš

ɻȻͷҦ裺ŹĶ
ɣͱˣŹҦһֹı顣
ϲɳԱ񣬽ȴһ̬ȴûղڴʲôСֻ̣һ飺ŹĶ
ؽ㣬޷

ҦǱƵû취ˣεŹںԺȰɣ㻹Ǳȥˡ
ɲתͳߡ
½ҲڵģҦ˼Ź⾪̺ŹһԺ½Ӿˡ
ɲ̫ȵȹڣ͵ػ˻Ρ





39.  Ϸ   ŹҪʲô

, ɣ㣡½˲ֳĺˣ𼱰
ں׷, ȴ, ֻȹڳǰܡ

½֮ͬʲôǵ
ѹæ½ףջô, ԭľ⡣
ҶȻ֮, ½ײԸ裬Ը衣
ɫȻ, Ժȥ 

ѵ
ܽ, ͻȻһ׹ص, ؼŭ½, 㲻ҪΪϲ㣬һٶսĵ, ޶ȵģ

ף˲ɫܲ˱Ҫ¹塣
տͱһƿǸüĿŭȵڴˣȵô𣿡
䣬ʣɭй⡣

λ磬лú˵, лú˵
汻һǰסɣϢͷλͨһ˵½
½ĸУ˵ˣ˭
½˽ȥδ˵꣬㱻˴ˡ
֦¹ɨһɣֺ½ˣɡ
̷סɣҪȥȴ
ֻ½ˣ˵š
Ϊ˵ȵ棬ֻܵɴ۾ɸ֦ȥ

ʱģԺУ߲Ӱдˮ˦βɢˣǳȺӳǰˮȥ׷ͷˮȥ
һֻޢָһֻÿ֣ȣǽ޳𪣬ɴʱֻֽճȭɫ֭Һָ
֣һ֦ĵˮ㾺

½ˡ
䲻˽ʶ̧ˮһ˫ӿʱ˼Ťͷĺ⣬ЦȻˣô
ǽƻļڣԼʱȴûɴ˸
£ǲˡ
½׻ˮݲ

һ첽ǰȥμŹ
˳ɵģ뵱ҦҺԺǸˡ
̤ˮ鿺½ױ㲻źۼ˼ʮʮı̬

һĨ裬Ůнӹӣ˹е֭Һûʵ½ǰұ½˾ˣ½ǲıǲ½ˣ

￩һ
⻰˵ƽȴɽ¥ζ
΢Ƭ̣ü״𣺡ס

̶ĸ֣˲ݱ
һվͷϽ̶һ£һ˫׺ĴָЬڳ߹
ûӦǰһ̧㿴˿ĺ󱳡½׵ǰ
߲ͣŹ

һ˲Ťǰ½ףĻЦ½˺½ˣǶأ

潾ң
½֪ҶȻ£ĲȥˣҲԸ裬ʢǷ޶˱㲻ڴ˴Źˡ
գǣɣҪˮߡ

Ŀյϣʱ⵶У޲õʱɵĸ첲һڣȴǶ½˵ģ½ף㲻ҪҶȻˣ

ѣֻҶȻԸⶦȻûܰæ飬֪ǳеġ
ԣҶҳºϳ֣ҶȻ˹
½׽ɱĺܺãû취ֻ֣ˡ
ԲڽϣɿҶȻһĻ
ؾҪ֪ҶȻһӣһ˿ˣΪ

½׽һ٣ҪŹô
ˮĴһһ̣ƺгƽǸ߸ϣֻ½׵Ļַ́˷ͷϵĽĿ½ףҪģȻ˭ñϲأ
䣬ͼ½Ưüһ¡

һ˲
ϲ½ףϲĿŵҡ
½ִ̡
һ֦ҶĹίȫزˣ½׾Ȼ˲ʶô
ͬʱغȻû˼˳ĽëƷɾ˵ĵһ£ǣҲ׸Ҫ汾һ¡

Ź޹أá
ŹҪʲô
ףɾȥ½ף½׳ҡҡͷʾ˵ʲô

ؽģ۵ף̧֣ޢָָ˲Զһѩ滨ȥ걾ϣһ飬ʱڣӻûˣ汾֦滨Ȩ˽˱һԸ

˫Ŵ󣬲ſء
û뵽ľȻ
½һ£ɢô㲻Ը⣿
Ϊ˻
һԾŶۻҶȻ
á½û˿ԥתֶסҷͬȥæ

ԭΪػѣȴҲͷӦˡ

ɸ½ȥۻһ·ƵƵͷ
һ칬װˮ̫Զɿϵı飬ֻˮţ֪ڿǣķ羰
סвܾãزô׾ͷҶȻ
½ס֣ڣûµġ

˺ܿ˻ٻȥʱѾʯǰˡ
½׽е滨ݹȥ
ؽӹָƬ̣һ֦ӽˮתָߵߵ档
洫ŲŤͷͼ֦̽

½ףͻȻû˼ˡ
˵䣬ػ֣ǳƵָ֦žƺĿ½׺ת飬ֺαٳղձһȨþۺɢˡ

ɺ½ףˡ
ۻģǺȾƵģΪƽյشݾ
ɺ½ӿ

ؼһЦϲ½ʱ񱾹ٵñѹˣ񱾹ͨˣ֣־ñͼ
ѿϴӦҶȻɲԸŭ͵͵ˣɲҡ

ұãһŤͷȥ½ף½ףĽ㣬ﰵﳰΣⱭƣ汾
⻰˵þίʵЩ
½ͱˣ˵ζ

½ײƽЩֱƺϵľ
صһһѣȡɡ
䣬ȡһѡ

½üҷ޹ء
ѡ
½ڱ˲֣֮һѣ͵֮Щ

ؽݰ裬½ײã˹ȥЩ
Ѿƣòȡ

Ҳһ㣬Ҫ߹һȡһѡ
ף
ɼ½׷ȥ½ѸٺѸٽѾȫˣһ§ס˹ɣصҶȻǷܴˣ
ףɽס½׵ĸ첲տڣǶµ
ŲѣЦˣЦȴû۵ס
½װΣΪҪʱصԡ

½ױ㲻Ըͬϻ԰ӵɣߡ
һֱקס½׵֣ķɿǰߣкˮ׷ǣֻҪǽŲиԷͻǲ븹


֦ҪȰЩʲôһ˲ˡ
ֱɺ½׵ıӰʧˮ棬ز±һھƣϻһ˿ڰЦ˾䣺ϧ˲ֻ֮Ϊ飬Ϊȫ
գˣعɡ




40.  ׽棩   պãм飬Ҳ롭

һԺ, ɱס½ףף³³
ɡ
³ɼᶼˡ

صĸ, Ȼô׷, ղǾ
ɲϸ룬ֻ󱳸һϸܵ亹ϴߴ½ס
ԶŮ߶½ײ뾪, 㷴ֱ㽫, Ѹٸϣ͵˵˾仰
ٿֱͷ½, ־ϲ棿

½Ц, ̧
ɴȥŷڲʪһƬ
½׾, ڹٳ, ֮ͬⲻҪӦ꣬Ѿúˡ
˵زôھ¶, ΪԷһղǾûȡ

˿Ǿͺãˣ֪֪ղš
δ˵꣬㱻һŭˣڸʲô

һͷͼ컳ŭ½ףצÿ
˵, Ҫֹɡ
컳㡪
밢ǷޣʲôͬСүʲôϵ½ɣ㿪컳֡
ɱ½׼֣΢΢ͷ㿴½ױǡ
һ٣ˣ

컳½ԣǵûſɣֽ§˼֣һ
ѹǰ½Լǹԭľ⣡
컳ŭգĻϴΰ˵û׮£ֻǡ
컳
ŭֹȴǳһ
׮£ֻһ׮ף
컳ڿлصĲƺҲסˣ˲䰲

ңԺһ˿Ҳޡ
컳֮˲ͺˣڿɺ½ͬѪɫʧʱʢ
˵ȥĻͬóȥˮȻڣǸˮա

һʱԺмżţ
סɫף죬Ҫ˵Щʲô½ȴһɿ͵һ£̷߬סǡ

½˺Ķһ٣Ŀ߬סԼӵֻϣȻһƣϡ
о̣вֹ

ɾãԼӦ˵Щʲôġ
ң֪Լ˵ʲôֻ½׳ҪʱǱܵģ߬סӡ
ߡ
סӣһʱȴ֪˵ʲô
Щȷʵ˵ģǰ

֮ʣңңһɡ
ѭȥҦһȺˣ߹

½ʹס۵׵
㶼䣬ĲһʶҪ߬ʱ½ȴѳ䣬ȥҶȻ
䣬ͷҲصתߡ

ףȥ׷½ףδüߣ㱻Ҧסˣôǣ½ɫã
ҦУʵȴһſЦı顣
ЩˡɲͬҦΪߣתߡ
ҦȻϾŹɣ߰
˵ţ⼸Ůʹɫ
Ů⣬ǰǱԺд½ˡ
δ˵꣬ѱ컳ֱϣ
컳ĿŮǴľһʱٶ
Ҧ˵컳ֻñˡ

ԭԺſڵɵģ;۵޻ҪԺܣԶԶͼǰˡ

컳ˣٸˣвУ
ſ죬̱ˣɿǰˡ

컳ƺˣڿͰ͵ǸɣԲҲǹģҡ
ʲô컳侲һô
컳еҪͣɷۿֶʱʲô˵ˣֻ뿪

ôǣ߹ȥ컳˵½ʲôǵˣ

ֱ鿴ңӣûƢܺõģֻ½ۣҪû˵½˵ʲôܻô
컳Ѹղŵظһ飬޷޲ƽҾǻϻ˵ˣ˭뵽½һүǣȻôС
С涼ˣ컳ɵ˰ɣ
ôͲˣҡ
ǲǵڶûף˵½ףΪʲôô
컳˲ˡ

ʶȤͬ˵֪ղЩõͱ½׵ӣ֮ôΪãǰѵݸġ
컳ץץͷ
Ҳ֪ԼղŻ˵ˣֲǹģ˭뵽ڻŪ
ˣ컳˴Эɷ죡͵ǿڰɵϣȥ½׵Ǹ
Ҫߣֱȥˡ

ôֲȥˣ컳Ҫץˣι棬ˣҰҡ
컳ĻԼȥٲˡ
֮Ľᣬ컳ôһ֣⿪Ҳδ֪
컳棺Ҿʲô
Ҫһ¡
ʲô
ܰѾ½׳ʵ

컳һ⻰ɫȻ׺ݱҪתˡ
ȴŹ컳ˣֻҪǸˣܿóɺ½⣬ǰʲôᣬԼΪʲôףֻҪǱ˴ϲЩһջ㡪
Ҳ컳Ļˣҡ 
£˭˭˭һ⣬ˣ㻹ôɺ½֮䣬//ȥα١
滰δ˵꣬컳βˣһʱҲЩŭײǽͷײˣ
˵꣬Լ෴ķȥˡ

ɲ֪컳̸֮ģӺԺ󣬱㳯ȥ
½ԣͬ˵
ɳǰ˼뵽ղŵ£ͣ
ۼ⿴̺ˡ

½׻ڸǰԴЩĲɣ꼽ãȻ̧һۣ߹ס
Լ˵ղԣʶȤ˵һԡ
½״ɣûüȥҶȻˣô
֪ɽһΪҶȻǸСǿƷ
ɵͷ
½ʣҶȻǻظ
⻰ʵĳɡ
ɴǳɣţذɡ

⻰ϴα½׶ɽգ컳˵ʱɵĸȻͬ
죬½ʱֻĻš
ɽգٿ½ʱֻúۣĺۡ
ַʽԼѵģ
㡣ͻɵ˼

תͷͼ̷ҶȻҴҸſڹϻ࣬ڷ֦˵͸ˣǲǣǲǡ
ͣؼҡ
㣬ңҡδ˵꣬ҶȻѸˮ⣬ɿ̴ֻֻͷȴϸ΢š
½׿ڵʲôظϸ˵ɡ

ϲŭ޳ȻǰӦҶȻȻǳѱٳʲô۶ӡ
ɵͷҶȻ

ʱһ·üɫ˵Լƻسʱ˸ҶȻȴˡ
ҶȻСһ۶ˣǶصģĬĬԴ

ҡҡλΣ֪ôģɾˣղˮͬ˵Щ
½ףҲһӶ
ǷޣѲһӣԲӰ

ǰûǹģɽ죬ͻȻαʵ⣬ټϾ컳һ֣ɲŻȻס
֮Դûǹ⣬Ϊɻ½ײĲܣδƹһֱ
ΨֻһΡ

ݻҹԴǰ»Īʱ½ͬ˵ɣ֮䣬ȻٰüҲ֡
ǵһΣ½ϿʹȻһС
½ױ˵ˡ
Эȴ
˵ˣպǰǰദΣ

ǳɻǧݣȴõġ
ɱ˱۾ֻǿ۵


ͣӣˣظˡ
۾ǡ½Ҫȥǲ˼һס֡
½һ£ʣôˣ
㣬ôˣɫãҶȻҲڵ
ҡҡͷס½ײֻ֣ȥ

û½׷ɱ꼣ȴҶȥá
ӦһҶȻȽˡ

½״ɽë˶Լ֣Ƭ̣ղŵ£ûϡ
ͬĻΣվ۵ľˡ
ңҲ̿ˡ
˵꣬ɴԴס֣΢΢ţ½ֻظһ飺ɣ㲻ˣղŵ£û
½ףл㡣̧ͷɲȴִƸ۵

֮ǰڹһֱã½׶ãٰݣһ֮ǰ֣ΪΣְΣƲй
ػʢһϵ£ȴʶ˲Ծв֪ʱһ񼣬Ϣѿ
غ컳һͻȻð

򴽽ǣ½ףԥڣ½ףǲǡ
պãм£Ҳͬ˵
ͬʱڣ½ȴȡ

ɶס½ס
ɣо仰ܾúܾ֮ǰұͬ˵ˡ
½ɣ˵

ʱվļ½ڵϣȫ
Ȼ䣬ǴһֻСӣӱıģ޷˼֪ôģͻȻãԼ֪ˣ½Ҫ˵ʲô

ɣҡ
½׸տڣһ󼱴ٵˡ

ͷȥϣһȺٱѸٳ½ʻϴǱףЩˣǽ
ƤȻһս½׵֡

û£¡½ɣĿڳ½ұƽĹٱϣü΢΢
ȻǱ¼٣Ҳɽȴǵ˧˧١
½ʱȺٱѱǰ
˧٣ǡ
½׻δ˵꣬Ϊ˸ϣֵ¿ͣ½ıŹﲻˡ̴Ρ
һ£Ľʱһӵϡ




41.  һ   ˡ

ʲô
سˣ
ô᣿

, ǽɷ˹ʱһʱʲôҲ˲룬ǰȥ½ס
и˶졪
꼴Ӹ, һĻ, ٽӣ
˵䣬꼻Ѹֶ
ǰĽֻû½ףѰء
ϵĵ˧, ס, Ŀ磬½ף뿹ּɣ

Ȼּ, ǿԱɱġ
½װס, 꼵ס֡
ӣ
ס֡

½׷ˣŲ鲻Ը, Ի½ǰ
, ΧĽ仢ȴ˸ǰ

½װס, ̧ȥϵˣ˧½ĳıŹһ£Ӻ˵𣿡
վŹعͻȻѪֹҽϣж£֤ݶָ½ˡϵˣϺң, ˵Ѫ̬֮Ȱ½ĪҪٸֿ
գһ֣һŹǰ׼½׵ˡ
ƣˣҪô½־ܣҪôɱ

ŮСѶ̣еСֱŹˡ
½׿һɫ½⼸գ඼ʱظģŵ½˧½ĳͬߣҸ֮޹˧ĪҪΪǡ
Ȼߡ
䣬Ҫӿɫɷף߬ס½׵ӣ֡
³ͻȻ½ʲô˵ֱֻ̧˱ɣϴҴ˵˾䣺ɣ£ˡ

ʲô꼺üۣҪץ½׵Ľ
½ɿɣޱߵ鷢ãŸŽˡ

˧ÿ죬ȥҲ졣
߬ȭͷһԶȥ۾ɺǰһԲ
̲ǰȥҶȻѶʱ˾ʱʱɫ󺧣ֻȻɣˣ

ңǰ֪ŮСǣָģǿԼ侲ʼԸδǹ׶ۣǲ˽ۣϷ֪£Υߣ̷ȥ
½ҴǵһΣ˵ôصĻæ׳ǡ

ֿ̲̲һˣȥｫӽӻѰʵʱ¸߻˹ùá
һ̷ֱ½֪º󣬲Ӧ䡣
ūȥ
̲ӿ˿۽ǣ̴ˡ

ŮСǻظԼתͷ꼵ߣȥ

ж£³ͻȻǼֱǴֲ
һΪҪ֣Űٰȴ뵽ͷȻ
ı
½أá
һңһʱ֪صĿһ
һüز֪˿̣֪龰ģֻ̳ˡ

һ·Уʱһˡ

̳ʢÿյϢʮֹɡʱ仨¥ĳճʱظʥϴٺ󣬻߹֮⣬ϰ߼ֱ״򲻶
ԣµģһҪ̳УҼүϢͣλ
µȲõġ
ɰ˰ΣֱӷˣҼүģĸмµģȥȥȥҪֻҼүܰ죬ǾүˣȥҪǲܵȣǾ͡
ûµ˵꣬ɱˣ
˵꣬꼻⣬

֪̳еϢʱԺգɽգ̳˯һ룬㱻ƹƹҵĴˡ
ʲô˭òͷˣ̳󣬳ŴӴһץǽϵıŭݳ˳ȥ
ĸˡ
δ˵̳꣬һѳѸӹȥһ¡

ײ
ᵶ̳Уŵˣ̹¸үˡ
ֶ̳ˣĳ˼һʱ˲ѵֻŤͷŵڵϵˣû½ˣʢ𣿡ģʲô

꼼̳гģ֪ԼôɿѸ־ˡ
̳һû˯ڱѣŭܰѷˣһûӣֻϳǼˡ
үȾסδ˵꣬ϥһ䣬Ҫ¹
̳˲ˣæýס˵òˣлú˵𶯲¹򣬱}ûš
ף
ɾʣʱ־ŵģһ˵½ףû˵ȫᷴˡ

̳кʱۣŤͷڵϵ꼣˵
Ѹٰ˵ˡ
̳üһš
زôɥĲɣΪ˵õ½ףȻԼôĺ֣

̳ЩΣҲûðҪԸǣǸɢүûʵȨʵǡ
Ҳģֻү빬Źݾ仰
߬߬ȹڣʹƵģֻҪϷŹףԸͬ׺룬Ըġ
䣬ડһˮݺֱϡ

̳жǵ˱š
ãԼüֱвò壡
Ϊ˸ԼˣҪҪڻŪһף
в

ˣˣһ˾ˡ
Ůӿޣֻ̳ϧһޣֻ̳ï}ûš
˴첲˼ȥϵţȥѡ

̳ˣƽȻèӣڴϣġ
ѣҴҽˡ

ȣԽԽĽԱЯȡ
Ӱһϣȥʧ
ֱĺɫĺʱϲŴNN

̻񣬵ײײ̨ܡ

ͣɾ߹ȥһƿӣʣŹô˵
ôĿģΪ˱Լ½׺룬ѾӦˣΪ̳лһϢ
ȴ룬ֻ̳һҡҡͷ

ҡͷʲô˼￩һ̳⸱ģŪøǾ̲׷ʣ˵Źô˵
ʲôû˵̳мѿڡ

˫ĿԲ˴סˡ
ʲôʲôû˵ôܻʲôû˵
ءղϧԼ¶ĿĲΪ˱Լ׺ôôܻʲôû˵

ûŹ𣿻ҪȥԵģֻҪϷŹףҡ
ɣ
̳ͼɵĻȴʲôȥˣץӣˮˣץһݣŴµԵģֻҪϷŹףҪʲôҶԸģҡ
ʲôˡ̳пֱӴĻ
ãȻ̧ͷͼ̳д鶯˵˾׹ߵĻ
˵ˡ






42.  ֣׽棩   ½ȴһ

ĸ, ѹյһݡ
Ѫɫ˲ʧϥһ˵ڵϡ

ˣ
, 㡪
̳, ҪȥɣŮбָȥ˻ȥ

ɵڵ, Ȼ, ૵ô᣿Źô
£һôôأ
ˣ׸ô찡
صĸ浻ʹ, Ǳͷİ¹, 浻ʹްź󣬱±㽫˼ϤתƵ, Ҫǲĵز
, ƱػὫŭȫϡ
ɽ֮£֮, ѵΪǰŹͱ϶֣

ģ֪ԼܾôԴС
Ѿˣ취

Ĩһᣬųԯվ˻ʣ˧ǰʱ˵֤ݶָ, ү֪⻰ʲô˼
ıֻ˵ڱԺʱ½׺˳ͻ
ɵͷ
˽Ϊɱ˶ھŹȹľҵĶҩǾ½׵ġ
ܣǾҲˣ׶û£Źôܡ
˵һ룬Ķסˡ
ԣѾƣ½ײûȡ

̳мס̲סʣ뵽ʲô
ɱ˱۾Ǿûȡ
̳У
վŹͻȻתԣ˵ҪþۺɢⲻŹƽµķ²㲢δǾơ
գ̷ĹˣĿã½סȡǾƣƺҲϴˡ

̳ҲپͷʵǱƣ½ģ
ǣԭ֦ģɹָҪΪơ
½ƣ̳¶ɣһ½Ʊô£ӣ㲻ϲˣҲм¡
̳Сֹţȴ䲻⻰䲻ˡ
ʲôӰԺץס
͵ۣ⼱ٿ̳У˵ʲô˵һ顣

̳һͷˮͻȻôʲôǽղŵĻظһ顣

ˡ
֪Ķˡ
мС½ףɽգΪƫƫ½أ
Ŀľʲô
ˮ̨УֻˣȴƫҪ½ƣʯ䣬뵽һֿܡ
ɫףҡҡ׹ˣҡ

޸½֮Ҫ뷨һֱĿŵġ
и󵨵Ĳ롪
½ҶȻ£ŭأŭʢʱ򴳽ȥر㽫һйȫϡ
ʲôۻʲôþۺɢʵǼٵģĿھϡ

ƣĿĲǣǡɾסԼ½ɫ˻Ƶɱҡ
ûʲôԼϲˣɱԼĵˡ
û뵽½ȴѾȫȡˡ

²ⲻ̳ɣһֲɵ½ϲ㣬ϲôԣһ½׼Ķƣô
һ٣ګګ̳С
˵½ϲס
̳ܲһֱӣ̲סʣүкθ߼
߼ûУָָɣҾǾã˵òЩص㣬صɱ㣬Ϊж

Ҳǡ
侲
ҪɱȻǰ֪жȻܺȵġ
ǡ
ǣ˽֣֮ɱأ̳һ˵
ز֪ǾжԲŻȡ
Ҳ˵̳ͨƷԼĲ²⣬üӽݣЩȷʵ˲ˣݰû˻ô
˵һ룬ֿ̳ɣ˵ƣҪ½׺ȵģ

һ̳еı飬Ͳµ˼үɣ˶Һ֣ȴɱ˾Ź
Ҳûֿܡ
ȴҡҡͷҲ˵ûͬ˽Թ˵زɱǣҲ£ŹҲǣ
Ҳǡ
̳в˵ˡ

ǰյٺɫҹ紵ĴƮ
庮ҹ·½ȴһ֡
ɼ֣ͽڣҲҪΪڳһ·
ɱûõ̧̳УүƺɣǾŹߵĹأ
Ȼ֪Ļ֮˵Ŀʲô¶֮˶ȻҲӴƺ
ߵĹˣͻƿڡ

̳еǶˣⲻص㣬صǣʱֺ
ɫ˲ˡ
ֺصľ˾ˣʱȥϳ½׵ġ
ɼˣүܴܲҽ

Ҫʱԣ̳ж뷭ˡ
ɵʹҵİ˭ȥʹ˭ȥ
ҴҲûá
ү
Ұѻ˵̳꣬дɵĻֺȻǸϢҲǺתء
꼼үʱˣͱˣ
žŹû˵ϢȻ˹ȥԻδü½ס
۾͵һֺʱ빬Ҳ£
ԡ̳пһۣҲ˵̫磬˭޷ȷʲôʱѣֻܿܲڱ֮ǰҵ֤ݣ֤½ԩģضԶ
գҡҡλγߡ

ү
̳аæһڣͱ̳ͷҲشˣָʲôʱѣǿɵץЩȻʱ½ͷʱ
꼶ʱҪ˵ʱ̳òƲ˵˾䣺Ŷˣ̫ڹ̼

̫ӣ
ɳǰһϸʣ̳ȴйһһƵĴڽ˸µŹţξˣҲŽűΣȻͰ˶ι

һ⻰ȥĽ˻ϵߣȥ
үղŲ˵̫ڹ̼ôȥˣֻҲ̫ӣ꼵ɫͷ˻ظȥţ̫ӻ١
ҡͷУģȥ

̳˵һȻڵһʱ䴦½ס
صڹУ̳вϰæֻȥ̫ˡ

һ·ϣʣ꼣׺̫֮䣬ʲôԨԴ
ԨԴ̸ϣǣǡ
ʱˣͱµˣ֪ʲô˵
꼶ʱ˵ˣʱӡ

ⲻ֡
ǽǵϣǾ仰ñΪ״Ԫġ
ɼǵã˳ǶʱżϿʱʱ½ױ˵볯Ϊ٣ֻԸġ
οʱв̫ƽ̫ΪȴȲð˻ӵñ»ġ

ʣ׾ܾ̫ӵ£
ǡ
Ǻô̫ӵ¡
ɻ˵һ룬͵ضסˡΪ½طҹ½״ȥμʱ¡

ʱԭǽģ½׽һ壬̹˽ȥ
Եö壬̫ʱ½׵һŵ
Ϊȸ֣½ײǸ̫Ӱæ֣Ͷ̫¡

ѵ
ʱȻͣˣһʱԴؿڳϡ
ͷۻʱиӰʶΪǴָ̿ͣеĽĿŨľζѬԴˡ
㣬Զ㡣Դ˶㡣

ɡĿⰧԹɡ
ƿӣľζɢŶͷʣôˣ
컳ζϻʪģǸմˮ̳һ
û£˵½׳ˣȥ½ˡ
ӱԺķ꣬ԧ¥ˣȵΰʱ˵½׳ˡʱ컳ȶģֵɣ㽽ԼһͰˮǿŸȥ½ңִ½ҵȴ˵Ҫȥ
һ·׷Һ׷ˡ

ɣȥҲûã̫ӣ硱컳ӣ̫ӽҹӦòضȻ½ңһ磬ȥ̫ӡ
ŶͷĶһ٣컳ûڣµ꼣½ҡ
ȻϿ컳˵ģûѯɣˣ
֪컳˵ʵظ
Ӧֽת˷򣬳½Ҹȥ

硪
һ·ϣ컳űӣͣ硣
ɿһۣԼӵݸ컳޹أ㲻˻ˮ
½֣Ǳ۰ĹһѣΪ½ˣȻܵǨŭ컳ǰ̣ܴǣ۵ġ

컳һ۱㿴ʲôСɣ½˵ɲǿӰҲˬ½׺ܾˣҪˣһôһ֡
˵꣬űӣִ˴硣
컳
磬硪컳űӣɰڰ֣ɣͱ˵˰ɡ

֮һ·ϣ˵컳㿪ʼ硯ֻա

˻½ʱԶԶڸǰƺš
δͣȣȵѼ
㡣
ˣ
Ӱ˹

ü׵壬һ鶼ˣˣôҾͻȥ˸Ĺ򣬹ôͳˣ
ѽˣʲôҸ˵컳סüŤͷɡ
ټղŵĻ⣬ڰɣڻ䣬е㷢ȣǸûд򣬿Ҹơ
ֱӵ˻üü컳ȥ
ˣҡ
ʲôң֪ʲôСү㣬ȸСүߡ
컳ϴקѻüˡ

̲ӭȥʵˣˣ
̫ˣղнۡɳȥ½ôˣ
һжãһȥԺŪˣ£ūҲͬ˹ù֪ˡ
ɵͷȥ
Ҫתʱɽ͵һֿͣʼǺҶȻͣŤͷҶӣոӦ¶࣬չ˲֮¡
㣬ҾȻͺˡɽҶȻųǰ¹յһݵϣһһġ
ʱԴɫε½ˡ

֮䣬̸˭˭
Ҫ˵ۣҲǡ
ҡҡͷҪ̫ˣȰڸס£̲ҶȻȥȥ
˵꣬ɾ˸ȥ½Ժ

½æֻǽƣȥʱ˯š
Ҳҿ˯ˣȻɶȷ½ǰ᲻¶ڡ
ɳʱ½׵£ˣ⵽ô£ôᶾɱŹ
˵ɶ˶٣ֻؾ˵˸ţֻǻɣδùãǱţ⼸ոӣճȥǱüˣ˵ˡ
˵ͷһ㲣ˣİɣϷڣµģҲҪౣ尡
½׳ˣȫˡ

ףԼԺС
ɻһֱǸ½׷ַ˯ģҹڴϣȴĪù¼ţ֪ûãҪպüȥ·
ǲƵ½ס
Ҳ֪ôһˣֵط


ȥܾãʼ˯ţһۣȫ½ס
ȥ鷿

ɻ½װﴦҹڿϡ
ɽȥָϷƽգ½ﴦʱģԾ㷺ˮ
ӣ߿Ь½ƽ˯ϣ½ǵıӣ½ס
ʶȥ

һҹߡ
ʱüʲô
Ѳ컳ˣ

ɵ˲ϴЬųȥһչʣ컳ˣ
ԺԭҴٵŮ˶סˣ㵿ɡ
ǻüȷӦ߹ɣСүûһȥûˣ·£Ҫôȥأ

ɵͷطѣȥ½緹
ȥʱ½żæųţЦЦɣպæͲڸ÷ˣŴ׸⣬Լ԰
ɵͷ½

üԱߵˣȻظ緹ɡ
ҳԲ¡ҡҡͷĿŽֿڣ컳ɡ

һҹȥˣˣһ£ȻҪס
ûѣлгԩѩĻᡣ
Ϳ컳ӹܴʲôϢˡ

ԼĪСʱſ컳ӽϹ
һ˲䱻ϸߣæ̨ϳ컳ȥ




43.     ֦ˡ

ô𣿡ɳȥ, ʵ
컳ͣ½񳿸ѡ
һ⻰ɫʱɷס
, , 
ɣ𼱣Ұѻ˵꣬컳æȥԭ, Ҫ½׵, ҵ̫ӵ¿ա
ʱǣ
ǡ

컳ô˵Żָ˼Ѫɫ
㻹ת, ֻҪ, ҵ֤ݣ֤, ׾ܻˡ
侲, վֱӣʣµ˭£


̳Уһ¡
תһ, ̳Ǹɢү飬ʲˡ
ȴû뵽컳ֵ˾֮⣬»һˣͬ¡
˭
ֺ

Ȼ
оɫδ˵üѾ¿ˣˣһʢĲݰ, һʢ竣ǵ£Ҳ֪ô
˵һ룬üŷӦʥǴ

гɫ
Ȼü⻰˵ãʵЩ󲻾ȴ˵ʵ
ֺˣʢӣӼ߰ߣ£ѹˡ
浻ʹǰܵܣ֮ԣԴδζȫˣһʷ޵ȴƫκβ
صľ˾ˣҲ֮е£
Щģ꼣ֺ֮䣬йڣ

ڵûС
Ҫһʱ꼳ɵּڲ̲һ¡

һǰ½ǻδʢʱ̲ѣʮѣ͢ѿ󹤼һ㽫ˡ
˭뵽ʮǰѿ󹤼˵Źģҿһ׮š
̲ϱʮˣʵȴһˣ͢ĸѿ󹤼һͭ嶼ûյ£ٸϡ
ʥŴ´ŭ˳£мǣ˰£ּµУ½ס

˸õĲ룺𶽰쿱ɵĿʹֺ
ǣ˵꼶ʱ߲ѣοѣʮа˾ŸֺѲ˹ϵʱ㹫ȥʱֺ˽¾¸ӡ
׾ܾˡɽ꼵Ļ

ĳ̶ֳϣ½׺
Ǹ壬½ȴ
£ֱգһ֣ǲܲҪġ
ƫײֺ
ֺˣǳıӼǳ׼ȻܾôΣԻṫ˽뾡취ԩףڸԼС
Уȥҡ
ģüͻȻµˣ㿴
ɻع˳Żüָķ򿴹ȥüĶʱšһš

ԶϣһѴۣ½ҹ
һ߲ơ

컳һ̵ɣȽȥӦ
ɻû𻰣üһ֣̿ѾɣҪˡ
ֻǸתԶԶģ˱Ѹߺ½ˣ
ü˲ŤͷͼȺѾˡ

ͷǸסɺ컳ʺãɣСүҲأ
Ȼ֪СүڣϽʶȤĹ
Сİ˲̾͹ЦŤͷɣ½ˣүּŹһ£Ҳӷ֮һֵһ˰ɡ
˵ţʾȥץˡ

˭ң
һɱǰе꼻Ѿ˳˱һ
ۣ½Ƕû㱻һ
ԼҵĺɫʱˣСүǺүǷ£㡭
δ˵꣬ͻȻҽΪ컳סָԼ֡

ĲҽУ컳ɭһЦүҷ汲սͷ­ѪĹѫһʹϣǰţ
۵໽УٲˣͣģССС˴ˣСү
ղСүú˵ʱô֪ˣţ컳˵ţϼһ˶ʱһǺƵĲҽС

ɿȥˣüԼ˺ǰ컳ס֣
Ŷ컳ŲԸ֣ߵߣҪǿڰɵķϣСүҽǰǵƤҹ
Լ˵ָͷչתͻȻסȵȡ
ʲôԸսսת
ɴ̨Ҹߡ

һ˻Ȼ
ˣ
ɣ
컳סɣɣֺ㣬ȻûСģ㲻ȥ
֪ҵռŹҶȥ
꼺ͻüȰסɣҲ̨ˣһȥ
Уͬ׶ڣ̲ʹˣǱߣҲҪչˡ
ˣҡ
üȰ컳ˣˣˣ£㰢ȥ
컳㡭
£ԣ컳̸ĿڵҲ㣬ȥֵģϾ󰸣δŰ
˵꣬ɷԣˡ

һ˵̲ʱǡҦͬŮ
̶һ죬ѲյĹУģȴֻŮм
ҦԭҪߵģɣЦҲˡ
㡣
ҦЦţĿȴмֶ񶾣½˵ģģ

컳һ⻰̾Ҫɳڰ֡
ղãҦЩڿǿ֮пɺ֮ˡ
ɱ鵭ģпյңൣĵԼϾŹٰӭжġ
㡪
⻰׼ĴҦʹϣҦ˲Ťˡ

հǳӭ磬ԭģ˭룬ȫ½׷򸾽ˡ
Źӭжڳ˲ʸ֮ģɷԶ֪ʱ˦һƣö˶˵ģʲôӭ磡ºˣŹжֺĲ£λܱס
գֺ̲ʻټ󲮾ȴֻŮ
һУȫǰ͡

Ҧŭɶ̧ȴѾˡ
ŮԵ½ѾȥˣˣҲ߰ɣϾ̲ſڡ
̲ſĸ֣ʱҦһ롣
ӣŷ߷ˡ

ɽȥʱ̳кֺѾڹˡ
˵˹ͬ飬ȴֺֻڹ̳гͷȦϣһ˯ģͷ˭ûʣϽĴŻȥأǵģôˣΪʲôƫƫҪ鰸
½˴ʱ˵̳еıԹ

̳ƿƤӣɨһһֽۣ۾ˣȦϣԼʵƣ
ƣͲûѡҾǸġ仰дˡ

̳ͬеȣֺһߣŭȥˣôĥĥôòŻ
⡭
֧֧ģ컳ⲽ߽ЦֺôĹ

ֺţ컳½׵ķ⣬ټϽڹУۿ컳Ϊ½顣
ԣ컳ȣֻλıѡ
Ŷô컳ƤЦⲻЦְֺıͦð˵̲ѵļıȥõŹΡ
컳ֺû뵽컳㲻Լӣɫǿ㸸׵ϣ㼸ֱ棬ôߣ
Сүҽվ͡
컳
λ̳дɵĻۣʲôҪȳţȥǳˣ뱾
ܵ˲ˣֺ컳һۣ˫ۻڹ棬Ҳû취ֻɫƿʼɡ

ֺĿ½ףȥΧ˶Թչġ

ŹĽ½ףϴ½ĸף½׶Թ
⣬˵ûУȻţ˵УֺȦɱֻܶʥ𷣹Źˡ
֮⣬Ѿҹֺȴǲġ
Źδʹ˰֣Ǽ鷳԰ɣҦϷʱɱ㣬д£

컳ȥˣµŹɱɣεʲôϵ
ȻйϵŹɱ½ˣ˾½׷򸾼ǺģŶ¶ 
컳Цô࣬ôдȥ
деٺãֺЦСү֮ϣٸɱֱˡ
㡪
컳߲ѣŤͷȥȦϣϸ˰ӵ̳С
Ҳ֪˯ˣǼ˯ˣȫ̾һԲ

ֺ֪̳в˻ˮ޿ּǰΣŹǷ򸾵Ϊѣ½׻ģʶҦӭ¶ıŹ
û¶
û¶Ϊͬһƣû£ֻоŹһж
վŹһ̬ǺȾƣǲţײδǾơ
ѣ̷Ĺˣۿ½׺˾Ƶġֺץɻǵͬһƺﵹľƣ½׺ȶû£ôŹȾжˣ

޽⡣
ھﶯֽţԲżװǾƣ˭룬ƫƫôɣǾﱻ˶

ôţû˵ˣֺǰ㣬ȫ𺣺½ıŹ֤ȷ䣬½ˣУְʲôɫף
컳ȥˣҪֹʱֺһ¾ľʲôɫ½ռŹѲ˸ϵˣɴȥ

֡
컳̲ˣֱӴҪ˵ʱȫʬ̳У͵һŴϵȥ
ˣˣ㻹Ͻѣ컳ûȥ
̳ãȻŤͷԼڴһؿڣһʹվϵܣ˵˵ʲôŵĶҪˡ
˵ţؿڡ

޵һʱʧ֣үⲻˡֺվ̳й˸ֳ۵ŸʲôϽѺȥ
ҿ˭ң컳ǰ
Ҳû뵽ֺȻֵزˣֱͦηʺүҺ֮УүҪ

½¶ıŹŹڻɣͬı
ϵܰԲӰ̳д˸ĹǷô˵ռŹˣѲɶɷ
ǰ컳̳˵˾˻ӻӭϣŹģֲֹһˣպүô˵Ҫͳͳ̲飿
ϵ̳ܰһصԶݱ֪ӭϣʢĹپ춼ȥˡ
֮⣬Ҫ̲飬ܶˡ

ֺе£ǣʲôʱ˵Ҫ˶ͳͳˣ
үղŲ˵ô컳ѵΪռŹԻͬıӭϣŹô࣬үûֻץһ˰
̳Ȼû˵Ҳͬ˼

ֺ춼ˡ
Ϊ컳ĺټ̳еİӣѺһ£ֻò֮

Ǵӹóʱ̫ҡ
ɳ̳һ񣺡ղŶлүˡ
鰡Ǵйߣ˯㣬˭ͻȻűġ̳кߺģҡߣֱɽס
үɷȥף

У̳лδ𻰣컳ȵɣֺǸСˣ㣬ڹȥ½ףָô㴩СЬأ

̳дɵĻ棬лܾҪǽȥˣǿɾǱһˡ

ҧҧǡ
ϣ˵Ķе½ס

컳ɣ֪㵣½ףڵ֮ҵ֤ݣ֤½
ǵģ֤С
ǿ̳еүڹпв鵽ʲô
صĴŮ󣬱Ծѳˣ𣿡
ɫ䣺ʲô֦ˣ

ţҹͶԾˡ̳˵ţɿһۣʶ
Ρ
ʱڽ۸˵ǸҲɲǸԸԾѳˣ컳ɣл᲻ʲô飿
ɳ̳еү¡
ˣģϢ֪ͨǣˡ
̳л˻ӣ

ʥϸյޣһգɱȥ̲ʡ
ڶգգʼնûϢ磬ɳסˣҪȥ̳ʱС˴Ҵܽˣүˡ






44.     ½״˿ʮָӡ

ɺ컳ǰʱ, ̳Ѿˡ
һȥɾͼʣΣ֦ҵʲô

̳һأֺ֦ˡ
ֺвԼŮǰ塭컳ûţһ, ͵Ťͷ̳У, Ȼֺ֦ˣֺΪѵ£Ǩŭ½ף᲻ָʹ֦, ҪŹ¶ɱ½, ȴ˾Ź

ֵ̳̯֤أ
컳ҭһ£ûڲô
û鵽
㡪
ɽӻܣ֦Ŀ, Ҫɱ, ֦ȻֹŹȾƵġ
ǵúѾ½Ⱥµ, ʱǴˮʱ, ػδȾơ

ɴľƲ֦ģ֪ж, ԷһӦû취غǾƲŶԡ
Ҳǣ컳ͷһ꣺ڻô飿

֮޷ֿܡ
һɱǣԼ˶ơ
ڶ֮ɱ½, ȴɱء
¶֮˵Ŀء

ɿ̳Уүõľѣ
죬̳һֱڹҲ֪Ρ
ˣùѶûֻصľж

̳⻰һɺ컳ɫ
Ǿ˵¶֮˵Ŀأ
̳ϴ˵ؽݰ裬˲ˣݰû˸ôҶԷʱôã½ΪԼ򣿣

ǲ⼸죬ڶתתֻصԭ㡣
Ψһɵ㣬ֻ֦
һˣǻѳġ
󾿾ʲô飿

ʲôûˣ̳̾˿ɣʰʰ֮Ҵȥ½ס
֦֮⻰͵̧ͷ㵿̳С

컳һ⻰֪̳ǲˣ˲ͼˣү㲻ܾô˰½׻
ôˣôţ̳дĻǻ֦⣬ˣʲô鲻ˣձˡ
컳ŭⲻûôھͲˣҪ½׵𣿡
ǲϹҪԿˣô飿߱ܡô 
үˡͻȻڣ̳һ񣺡ȥ׼Ȼͬүһȥס
ɡ
컳˵ˣѩҡͷүѾˡ

½׳ºɱֵĺ侲Խ侲컳Խġ
ڿǾ˵ܡ
ɡ
ȴδţֻ˻
̳ϣɫҲЩÿ

Сʱٻʱˣһ¡
ɣ㡪컳ĿɵϣѺ޵ģźϻƣէһͬм
ɱ˸ӣ̳еү߰ɡ

ʱղڣδɢҡ
һ·йֱΡ

ϴʱ½״һΡ
ȴû뵽ʱϴδ½ףȴ˽
ŵǰ棬ЦλСĽ£½˾ǰ档
ɤżһ˵Զ½ԭϥڲݶϣۣߵ˱ߣҲ̳кɴ˹

ףһ½ףǰſϣѸٽһ顣
ֺ˽𣬽ʵ壬½˽̣ڼ࣬ù̵ģһ
½סԼ֣һֻ֣ȥɵ۵׷ۣû£㣬ôôˣ
̶գɵһȦ
֪ĵġɽץ½׵֣રµ

ַ̳ܲʱ̣һ䣺ŸʲôŰ
ǡæӦˣǰŴ򿪡
̳д˴ֱϵļƤ񣬶һ䣺ȥǣˡ

ɡ
½Ц¸һѾɱס

½ױ֮⼸գɱֵһֱ侲
ֺʱ½ǰ½գ̳˵ʲôû鵽ʱûޡ
ڣһ½ףͱסˡ
ЩĻֲ̿½Ǿ䡮ɡ˲кɽȦס½׵ͷУס֣ףףס
ţڣ£ڡ½ױɣıģһ鲻䷳Ӧţλεۡ

ɣʱѾһֵˡ
ΣȴһΡ
½ΣɣԲ𡣡
Ȣʱ뻤ȫģȴû뵽ɼ޸Լ֮󣬺ˡ
һУġ

ţ˺һɲƽ½׻˳ԴԲʲô
޸֮ܵίˡ
½˵ţᡣ

飬ֽ賤˳
ɼ޸Լ֮󣬱Ǽɹûͣ

ɣҡ
֪ͺãԺöҺõ㡣ɴ½׵ĻӣԼӷϣ̧Ҫĸʱ½ֵɣл˵ǡ

½ףɱ˱۾ûסžɿӣת½ס
һ½εɱ֪Ҫ˵ʲôԭֹסᣬ˲ˣķ½ףƿˣǲǣ
ɣҡ
ȴֻͣţŴ¹ǰѾƿһΣΣôǲǣ½ףϲ޼ɵǲǣ
ɣҡ
Ҹ㣬Ҫٸƿңתͷޣ
Ϥ˴ݼ䡣

ķϵ͵ƣҡҷţĬȻעһĻ
䣬˽û۾һΣһ˾㵡
˺һɲŷӦʶҪƿ½ʱ½׶һסɵڳϣʣɣܸܲҸ͵Ļ᣿

˵˵ʱһ죬ȴá
Լˡ
ƫƫʱ½׻˾ܽüֱܰˡ
˲ˣԣ½׻ѳ
½Ҳվ̵𡭡á
ɲһתסԼﰧ̫ˣˡ

½һ£Ҫȥһ̳ˣԴҡĸ˹һǳĿ
½޷ֻõˮݸ˵ˮֹá
ɰŰɺˣȫûã˱ɱǺˣûá

½״˿ʮָӡ
ֻһ£ôųˣ

ɲǰסĸ첲ڳϣԼǰ£ɣ˵òã
á
ɼֱâڱһ㶼½˵½׶ǰֻܵͷ

ɣȥҳ֮ΣȢ㣬ΪŹ֮ʡ
½֪£һֱɵĽᡣ
ɻôˣһֱͬ˵ʮֿ£һֱϵա
½סɵ̧֣ʢһֱұܶʱҡ
Ϊʲãɹ˲Լڴãݺݵ½׵Ϊʲôܣܶ㡭ãá
֪Ϊǰ¡½׼˵ļѣ˵ˡ

ǰǼ£˹ϵķˮ롣
ûǼ֮ǰ˹ϵܺãֱǼºɻʢ
طʱһֱ½ױܶ

£ֻ֪
ǰ½ױļʱ½׾ܾˡ

ᣬɻίۿˣãΪʲô㡭ã㵱ܾңá
ûУɣҡ
Сίᶼˡ

½һŷӦ֪֮ƫ
ɵЩۣɱڻһΪᣬһ߽͵顣

˳ʱһͻȻ½װļ
½־ϲãǸң˵ʣδɻӦֻͬԼʱ䣬ٸ𰸡

½ױɣΪ᣺ɣգδӦΪҾã¸
ȴģΪսԶ
۾½ףɡãڶ죬áû
Լȥˣ½ȴʼû
ʱΪ½νԼڶո𰸣ֻ˵ǡ
ǡǸʱյ˵ε飬ɶʢ

½ô˵ɲ֪Լʲô
죬ã졭
죬ٳʱﷸˣƽ߲ԶΪҺܿҵȴ
Ļ½û˵ȥɶѾµˡ

û뵽Ϊܣôᣬ½ף۵Ҳ΢з죬ɿȥסʵףãȥˡ
֮䣬ȥʲôᣬڶȥˡ
ͨ˷ޣ͹ˡ

ӵһƽ飬ûסʵΪʲôãҪô鷳ãʱΪʲôֱ˵
Ϊ̫ˡ
ãʣ̧½ס

½ЦЦȥˣˡ
֪½˵ʣһ׼ĺ֣أʱЩˣ겻ʮ½ףԼļʱ׼ʲô
ãף㡭
£Ҳһ½׽뿪Щ룬ʢֳתһţյľյ𣿡

յˣã²ӣССģãһٵˡ
ڻصʢºյ½ŵġ
ʱԥãҪҪʱè˾ɨˮ
ʰʱѾˡ
ʱɱΪ½֮䣬עԵ޷֣ǿ󲻵ãԴӴԺ󣬱㽫֮߸ˡ
½ʢһֱܶ
½ԭɣΪͻȻԶУɶ˵˷׷ǹʣ֮ܽ磬ӡ֮ЩҲ˵ˡ
ᣬôꡣ





45.     Ź¶ˣʵ㣬ԡ

̳Сʱ, 㶼Ҫɣ½׺ɣҪʲô˵ʱ, ڳˡ
ֻһ·϶ͣڴá
̳кɿɺü, ʵûס½׶ʲôˣų
Ѹҡͷȴĺˡ

̳һʲô׵أ
Լվ汻ҧ, ̳о;˳, û½ˣʱͱߴӵ, ҹ, Ҳ֣½׾͵ͷˡ
һ⻰, Ĺ˲
, ŵЦ, ү㣬СĽ°

֮Ѿϸˡ
̳ɻ½ңҶȻ̲ˣڻš

ɻӭ
㡣
ˣˣ

һȥȫһŽƵ
û¡
ɸ˵, üͼʣˣүǱ߿ҵˣ
⼸գľɼַˣһֱæţϾȥҿûüȥТԣü֪顣
üӣʾˡ
ûУҡҡͷǿ񣬿̲̲ͷ㣬ѴҶйɣлҪ˵
ڣ
ţڡ

̲ȥˣ»üԽ˵Խ㽫˳ȥ
һʱֻʣҶȻˣҶȻѣյݸȰο䣬ڱĿֻý˻ȥ

½󣬸ǶĻ̵̻ģ֪ޣҲû˯
ûһ̲ͽȫˡ

½ϲ徲½˲࣬󲿷ֶǸ½ҵġ
ҹ佹ȴؾţɷ

̲ˣϷԺеĻ֮⣬˶ˡ
ɵͷߵ£ĿŵһһɨſڣճԹ緹ȥ̲Լȥ˷ǮѶˣÿ˶෢µǮ
⻰һһƬȻ
˼ˣǲߣ
ǰӵԩδϴ壬ôܾôˣ
ԣԸ빫ӷͬѣ

½ҵ٣ȴģţԸߡ
֪ͬǹͬѵģǡ
ֹ̧ס˴ҵ˵ҵĺ⣬ͬˣείʵ㡭
ˣ
Ұѻ˵꣬ɵ״˴ԩҹޣδץף֮½ҽΣ˭޷ԤϣǷ֪ǵģȴԸپУ緹ǸǮɢ˰ɡ

ⷬ˵ģЩŮˡ
˼Ųߣ󶼱̲Ȱˡ

˰úˣʣĸˡ
꼡̲һ磬Ǳͻ˹ùû˳ǣ㡭ɿüͬǻ˳ǣȥ

üĶȥüŷˣȥĶüȥĶüĨᣬϥһȥ
Ҳϥ£Ҳߡ
ˣǶˣһҪӦ̲£תôǱԩ

ǰ½ǱԩģǶ֪
Σ
޷֤һ㡣

꼺ͻüزֻӲĳǳ޿ģʲôӣüҰţұ㣬Ըȥȥ
ˣҪ㲻Ҫ»ü
ü޵ĸˣקסɵӣŰ
ĸ˫ҳģ뿪ңȥ

Ťͷ꼣㣬ڣ˵Ļǲô
²ң񣺡ȾͷԸǷˣڹ߳ʱȥ
˵ĺǺۿ

²̣̾˿վ˼֣׸ףӦ֪Ĳµˣˡ
ˣ½
ܲô̼ġ

֪ǵҺףڣʢҲ޼£Ȼ˳ǡһ𳤴ˣҲԸ㽩סֽ꼺ͻüֻƽˣҺײûк֮ǣüӣççײײģǱ߲ʣձǻ˳ǡ
ˡüߵӣžµǶˣô죿

ңȻҪ׵ģ
ǿЦЦû£»û꣬ҰЩ鴦꣬Ҿͻ˳ȥǡ
ģ
ţġɵˣʱˣǶȥʰʰЩ˯ɡ

̲Żüˡ
һƣ̬֣۽ǣͻȻ㣬㲻ȥ˳ǵĶô
ѽһŤͷע⵽ҶȻڡ

ȻˣɺһδشҶȻ⣬ǸȻǸҴӾŹԭһģǲˣ㲻õģѰʢˣȥﶼ
㣬㲻ȥ˳ǵģôҶȻɵĻһ顣

һ£ҶȻִֻʵǡ
ΪʲôҶȻ֣΢΢ţ˵֮Լ޸½ˣΪ½Ѿ㸸ҪЮ
컳ģ

ҶȻû𻰣£컳ģµġ
֪ǰһֱ½ױЫģӳͻȻ޸½ס
Ҷɿе֪½̫Ӿӣ²⡣
ȴû뵽ʧЦ컳˵ġ

ǣҶȻȻ̧ͷһſɡ
ǣ˵˵Ժл˵ɣ˵£㿴ȥȥ
ҶȻ˵ﶼȥ˵һ룬ͻȻ˿ڡ
ǰǰȥﶼУ㣬Ȼ㲻Ը˳ǣߣòã˵ȥǾȥ

ҡҡͷͬҶȻ־룺ȻĶȥ
ҶȻȴϷ½˱ҪˣҲı䲻ʲôģ㣬Ϊȸ֣޸ްأǷ꣬Ѿˣʵڲء
ҶӣɴҶȻĻֳ
һҶӣòӲ˲⼸յеȻ޴档
ҶȻͻȻһɫͻȻòˣ㣬ôˣ

ɵ֣֮ǵ˽£ҹһٶ׷ʣãҸ㡣
֪ΪΣҶȻͻȻ֪ˣȴûĻᡣ
˵Щ֮ǰм㣬̧ҶȻҶӣŹ¶ˣʵ㣬԰ɡ





46.     ɣûˡ

ҶȻȻľ, ʶϣҡ
ɷ꣬ȴ־ãɼȻô˵, ǶȻǲ鵽ʲô
ɫ԰, ̲ɡ

ɼҶȻģ֪Լ¶ˡ
仰֮ǰʵҲȷġ
ԣĻ
ҶȻſɣ, 㡪
˵һ, ͣʲôʸȥɡ

Ʈ, ס, ʱ
ĬƬ̣ȿˣھŹ֮, ˺ֿܶ, ޷Բ˵ֱǰ, ү˵ֻоŹľжʱҲ롪¶֮˵ĿǾŹ
ŹߵģΨһ޵ģֻҶȻ
ôģʣ֦ΪλͻȻԾ
Ϊ֦ãŹġ


ɲµˣҶȻҲûȫгˡ
ԾŹعУһ, ˿۵ʱҶȻءʱݺ⻹Աɱ⣬ֱǴΣڽϣ֦ɵ棬ʱЩ۵ĺ⣬ſ˶Ĺʵ
֮ҶȻһֱŻ

Ȼ󣬾͵ȵҦӭ硣
죬ھϯϱպ䣬ϥΪǶ˾ʱײ֦ҪﶯֽšʱѾֺ֪֦ˣҲֺ֪½ס
ԣƾͼƣžƺȥײ֦˸͵ת

ʣȷŹһĨҩǸѣ
̳˵ֻõľϱ˶
ҶȻŹϲϻõϣȫкϻͼơ
죬һкϻ

֦ŻѡԾ
ѳΪԼɱأԲŻηɱ
һֱҴ˷Բôãһ

ҶȻ˵е飬ȴ̵ͽɽС
½£鲻֣ᱻ
֪֣ôô˵
ȰԼȥǽԼнҷڵô˵

ɳĬƬ̣ȴֻصʼĻ⡣
˵ʱˣЩȥɣո·࣬ұ㲻ȥˡ

һ˲䣬ҶȻԼˡ
˵ȥˡ
ȥʲô˼
Ҫô
㣬ҶȻɣЩţҪߣ
Ҵظ󣬲δɡ
ˣ½ձᱻҶȻţɻῴ½
ɾԳߣͷҲûأǱͬ׵ˡ

ƾĶۣɲҶȻߡ
ҶȻ£½еû֤ݡ
֦ˣҶȻ͵תһ£֪ˣԼ
ǣ˭ϧ
οҶȻ֮ͬ飬Ǳ˽ᡣ

ҶȻɵıӰʯ䣬ͻȻӦʲôˡ
˲Ȼ

ڳߣͻȻҶȻ㣬ͷж㡣
ͷһŨζͻȻɸüͲԼͻȻ֫ǰӰء
ҶȻ㡪û뵽ҶȻͻȻ㣬ƴȫˡ
ȴֻ˳СèҹϤȥ
㡣ҶȻס
ʶ׵ڰ֮ǰԼҶȻ㣬ԲҲȥɵ¡

Ȼιȥˣǹ½ףʼ˯̤ʵ϶ģһֱجΡ

һֺݣһ½ױ̨ģǰȴŶá
չǿң̼ͣᡣ
ƴţƴţȴʼѲʱк黬۾գգ۾ʱǰĳһתѻصѧ

߸Ժ滨䣬׷£Ʒʢһѩл˽һˣίأ滨һȴ޲ֻ۾顣
ף̳ܹȥ
µ½ףתͷɣվῴſ˫ۡ
ɿٱȥ˽½׻Уָ½½һ˲ʱ½ˣȴ仯⡣
ǰٿɢ

ףɼһ͵ڴڴŴһѣ͵Ϯ
ɣ
ˣ
˼ٽţţɾͲֱסˣ½𣺡ɣôﲻѽ
˵ţһֻɶͷϡ

û¡Ӧţ۾ƽŸղŵĿ־塣
Һãˣ½Сţһһ۵׳ˣôܻû£
˵ţŤͷȥˣأɶˣôˣ
½ʵ½ףһ˲৵һ۾㱻Ĺߴ̵۾ʣʲôʱˣ
üһɫطˣʱ̡
ʲôɶȻ̧ۣɨȥҹ뿪ˣϤף
ɶʱļ٣ѿƿӣҪ´

ʱˣȻʱˣ
̳Ѿ빬ȥ»ˣ
ɲϸ룬ֻߣżأȽ̳ǰ
ɣѽ£
ˣ
½ͻüշסɣͻȻһɧ

𿪣Ұɣ
СүԵȣͨ
컳꼵

ɱڴϣ컳֪ǹ½׵飬ԸΪɣ½֧ˡ
컳½һߣɱ㼱
üæŮȥҪɿʱ죬һܽž͵ɰɣôˣİ½ûˡ
󣬴ɱϢ컳üȣ޺޵㳤Ƶģһ쵽Ȱȸûͣ
ҳôţ㡭
ʲôûˣɴĶ죬ʡ

㣬ˡ
ָѵǣǡ
ԶԶԣҶȻ

Ȼ
ɱ˱۾һʱζȫ
û뵽ҶȻվ˳

ҰҶȻԼ¶ıŹ˵ֺžŹ壬в糯֤أ
֤ݣʲô֤ݣɴĻʡ
治֪תͷ컳ʲô֤ݣ
컳ʵֱ׳ʮֲļ٣Ҳˣֱӵֺ˾ŹĴŮ֦ڽ̲֪֮𣬱֦ɱ½ף뽫¼޻Źϡ
ֺôɥĲģ涼ˡ

ȷʵǹɥĲģ컳˵ţҪƿɴ᣽üæſڣСүҼҷ˻δϴ˵ɡ
˵ţŮ컳˸չ
컳޺޵һۣҪ˵ʱʵأȻҶȻˣǲǾܱˣ
ǰɣûϸʣ㱨ˡ
ã֪ˣ컳ȳȥ
Ҫ컳
жĥɱ¿ٶǲ̫˵㣡

ҹҶȻΣ֮;ַˣڻ½ܳͷĿѣûüԼѣ㼱˸
ȥν½ס

ǵʱ½Ѿˣ̳ͬ˵
תϳ꼣̳жʱһ۵ı飬ͷˣǷٯٯˣˡ
˵꣬Լˡ

ɿ½ףȥκֻƿӣ۰ͰͿ½ס
ſţۿ˲ˡ
棬ѸʶȤ½״˸кȥ컳ˡ

Ҫǿ㡣
½׼뻳Уˣûˣȥˣûˡ
סѸٱ½ףͷУһģ˵ء

꼸½һأ濴һ컳ôţβȥ
棬вǲǣҲм䣬˵ңҡ컳˴߳ŭСүôôܵ𣿡
˵꣬Ťͷ̴ˡ




47.     ˣҪô˯


½ֱʱ, ȴ˵Ѿˡ
һɻɲǲôֳˣ˰æʲôɲģ
⣬
Ҫ˵һ, ɸ˵ʱ, ͻȻһ

ϲţӣ
ף׻ˣ½ֱ£ߡ
ճſڣ㽫½״Ǵлһ, ½˲Ͱ, ˼վȡ
Ϸˡæһѡ

½֪½Ӱɿ첽ǰ͵, , û£ֻЩȡ
½ƽ, ɵһŵ˵, ʱ·ϣͻȻˡ

ȣ½, Ŀȴ½׻еϡ
ͷͻȻۣģ䣬ƺƵĳ
˱һվǰ
ǺҹƺУС

½һ½¶ɫʱϵˣȴȥ
˵, Ҫɽݣ͵ر˳סˡ
ͷͼ½Ȼ˪Ҽǵã˪ġ
ϣ˪ģ˪װ׵ģѩӣǣǡ
ʲô
½۾ʹŶͷܾãǸҪ벻ˡ
ô벻ˡ
ԣأ˼½״̬ԣæǰ˪⼸Ӧþ̳ܿˣȥơ

⻰ԭȰ½ߵģȴƫƫţ½͵۾ɫ񡪡
ԣ˪˪ϣ̵˪Ǻ«Ϲǲ˪ˣǺ«ѣϲǺ«ˣϲǺ«

һ⻰½ͻԴǸң˵һ¾Ͷˡ
һ̣½һ˦ˣ˵½ǰĸףȥеɣѣҵѣҵѻңҵѻң
˵䣬ȥ½׵֣ɡ
Ϸˣ侲һ£ⲻѣѰ죬᲻ͣʣǰæԽԽңֻ޴վš


½ʲôȥˣֻۣ½׻еġѡ
߶ţҵѻңҵѻң

ɱѾüģ½˵ֻܽɷһסһͼ½û£ֻЩȣȴҩȹ֮ͻˡ
½ץɵֲţһ˲ĳɣܿ죬ĵи
ᣬƭ
ֻҪˣѾͻᱻǴߣԺҲˡ
һΡ
½ͷѣȴɣƭңҲţƭңǶڡ
ͻȻһ

½һ˲ͣѸȥɡ
յͨ죬۾ƺ߽һ㣬û£û£
ȥ䡣
½˲ˣ˵Щʲôʱüµ㰡Ƿַˣղˣô
ߴߴԺӣļʱü˲ˡ

½ײҴ̼½ôɿɺã
ղˡѡڼˣ½ﰲ˼֣ǴԼġѡɵ֣ȴ½ױɽˡ

һ󼦷ɹ֮󣬴Ϊˡ
½ʣŮô
Ϸ˷ģûд󰭡
ûд󰭣ô
֮ԻԲѣȣΪ⼸ƣа£Ժҩˡ

ô˵½ŷˣ֮˺½Ȱ˼£ŻԼԺӡ
ƽһ嶼ܺãⲡȴڣ˯һһҹѹ
ģǱѵġ

ȻˣȴŶĺޱһ£;ûȫǺ
ɣˣûﲻնߵ½׾ˡ
ɴѣСڵڽ̤ϣˣ̸ǰȥ̽ɵĶͷ
ɸ˯ѣ˻Щ£һʱ½Ѿԩѩһأ½׹ֱӣŨػס
½͵һ
ԭǰɵûУʱͷţͻȻֱסĲӣ󳷵Ķһ٣Ƥƣɡ
˴ʱļǺš

ҲӦԼʲôָҪһˡ
ҪôɫγʱͻȻףӣ𣿡
˲ݵˣƿ½ףͷ̼һǳɡ

½һʱƵֱӵڵϣһ£Ц
üһʲô׵ģ̽еͭͬͬųߣвȥ˶
ҲűӣȥˮҪԡ
üҪӦʱ½״ӵվȳԵ㶫һȥԡ
Ҫԡɾܾˣ˯ʱ䣬˲ٺԡ
½׷ոԡӲãȳԷԡ
ҡ
ѽˣӵİɣȥ˳Եġɸ˸ͷͱüˣüһβʱѾӡ
ĹĵѾͷôԽûˣ

˸ճ극˵̳ˣ½ȥǰˣȥԡ
ѵʱɲע⵽Լϴ£ͬ촩ĺһˣƫͷʣüҵѻˣ
ǰ˵ҪʪҪʱ
˭˭˭˭һģɽͰ͵ģ˵Щˡ
ղһ½ӣ֪һһҹԼߣ˭ģ

£ǹӡ
ü˵ţһ⻰ҪԴԡͰƲ䣺ǹҸġ
һ⻰ʱһŤͷȥüǲԼˮȥ

ھСʱɲŻˬѳ
ճǡ½Ҳˣ̳кƺҲȥԡˣѾһɫĶɴӡ
ü½ףҴһ񣺡˵Ҫ̶ȥ׼ˡ
˵꣬һˡ

һ߲ͷһƫͷʣү˵ʲô
ֺѺˡ½߹ȥеëߣһΪʸͷһߵգҶȻ˵ֺþŹЩº󣬽糯ܶ˶ڵֺ

ȫֻãֺɻ
ֺϲ޴߹ѫ浻ʹԷּѰݷģȴúϧ̰ᣬݸѹգкԱ
֪ЩǱ´ɣ¶ҪֺΪʹ֦ɱ½ףͼƵϡ
ǱĹ٣Ķɱ½ףҲܱݡ
ظͬʱҲǸҵ󣬱±סȴ²סڿڣ淢ˣһӶҪŶ
ֺΪԼЩ²¶ȻŮȫԼһñ¶ɱġ

ֺøʲô³Ӧá
ҶȻ
ı
ɫ˲ʧ½֪һֱҶȻܵܣҶҶȻشһ£һֱĻΡ
ɻ飬ģпܣһᾡ
棿ɾϲ½ס

½ףֹס˻Ҫʵɣˣĵʱ˵ȥɡ
죬½Ҳãɻ˯ʱԼǵãԼ̼½ˡ
Ҳ֪ôˣ

Һã½ÿȥҲ졣
ȥʱ½۾㣬ɿˣʱϲЦտǳԼĸ㣬ǴȥԺ¿Ļ
ʱ䣬һֱæûչ½պò㰲

ֱͷ֮ǲŴ½Ժ
½ǰˣһ⣺ˣҪô˯






48.  ѧϰ   ̾

ǰ½и, һֱǷַ˯ģǰգѾ֪˱˴˵, ûַ˯ıҪˡ
, ½׽ҹΣ
ǻط˯Ǽ˯鷿

ʲô
½׵䲻һҡͷûʲô
˵, ̴ͷ, ý߿ǰСʯӡ
ǵģ½Ҷ½׵ģ˯Ķ, ôʲô
, һСʯӡ

½ƼĶһ, Ц, 꼣üмɫ, ½ɣֲóѣֻļٸ
ƽ⵽ˣȫ˼һڽʯϣһ½׽ҹ˯Ķ⡣
˯鷿Ǿ˯ȥ
ط˯ģǿŴ, ҲǲԵġ

Ĳһ·Ժӣ½׾ԴطʱĪһ£ȱ΢΢һ£ߵſڵ½ףͻȻͣˡ

ֻȻҪ鷿˯
˵йû꣬ٻ˯
뷨תһȦ֪ôģͻȻһ飬ûӦʱѾʶһ߬ס½׵ӡ

ҽ
ͬʱͬʱͣ¡

˵
˵
ͬʱڣɶʱּ˹ĸоҳߵѾˣȷ˵˵
½һ£ʵҽӦꡣ
ţɿһϵӦô˵
½׵ӣ£ȥɡ
ӡҲһԴߴ١
½׵ͷֻͷ£Ŀ뿪
ɼ½ͻȻͷһ£Ϊ˴ʲôҪ˵ʱ½Ѿһˡ
ʣղŰ˵ʲô

һ£Ѹٵûʲôȥɣ·Щ
½׽㾡۵ףɲԸ˵Ҳû׷ʣֻЦãҾЩ

½״ˣɻطϴüһԷţԼãҹЩͬҪ˵ﲻͬ˵
üֻԼãԴ½֮ɺһֱЩġ
üΪڵ½Ӧ£ѽˣ˵ʲôʲô̩ɽ𣿹վ֣֮ڶȻҪƽʲôš
Ƿ̩ƽơξҸ绹ʢȻҪʸдʮš
ٺ٣ⲻǴүôüɵЦţ˵ƻ֮󣬿ҡȵɵˣӻƻһҪ߿ǵȣǱ߿˲ȣ
˭˵Ҫˣ
üţɣʣȻȹӣǷôһֱġ

ġɷˣӣˣȥɣҲҪ˯ˡ

üͷʺţҪתʱһָŽһӣʵӵԿ׷Ķȥˣ
ڷױƺײüҳԿףʣҪʲôҰҡ
˵ţҪȥӡ
ƤһǰһùԿףãԼңȥ˯ɡ

üɿһۣҹ
ˣȥ˯ɣҲҪ˯ˣҡӸˣȥʱ򣬰ĵҲϨˡ
£á

üȥֻʣһʱŽȷŵϣɴԱߵȥ
һǻüʰģʱʰʱɾԱߣǵãŵǶ¡
ģ˵֮߸ģ
ડһɽӴˡ

££һĺӳ
ü˿̻ȻһܾϳǵڳɻҹｻɵǸ
ʱǰˣɴ򿪺ӣֻһۣ𼱻ǽӹˣһкˮһ
񣬻üܺ棬ʲôų
ҹʱȴ

ɥĸϧ˫ĳ谮վĸףŮҵĺܶ£Ǻ½ġ
λߣ֪ΪŮ֮ΪŮӳɡ
˳ǣһˮʱŵð½ΪѣÿŮӳɳеḶ́˿ˮ֮ζԺǸ
ɻ飬ȴڽΪҪġ

Ǹó֮һɽ󣬴ֵൽִֵ֣ൽ֣˺öΣɲ¶ĽӴ򿪡

ӷϣһסԲ࣬һƿиǡ
Ǹ׾ٵĶȴʮּѣ׹Ƶģ׹ֶڶ
ð죬ŶŽӴ򿪡

ֻɨһۣǱСķ棬һֽӺˡ

Ťͷ˺ü׼а׵ָ⣬סĿհ׵طСϡ
ɿƿƫͷҪħֶɢȥ֮󣬲ſתͷ͵һۡ
ֻһۣһԳԵʱ
⣬ֱǡ
Ŀ̫Ŀˣ

ӻãѰŮӶණȴûֶ
Сļ򵥴ֱʮͨ׶ɫͨ죬ֻҳ͸ҪһӶ˲װѸƿӣ˽ȥȻžĽӺϣȥϹ˺ü衣

¶ǣִ˺һС߳޴ɢЩ
˺ü£߹ȥϣԿһУɲһȴΨһϸڡ
ԱߣԱ߱½׵ӣһģһ
£Ǻˡ

һУɻصߣֹһ裬ϴ¡
꣬ҹʵӦòȵģڴϣȴĪúȣղСͼĻš
һۣǸղſģЩ/ԣ߳ܶصͼ

ǵģҪǷͼ
Ҳǵģôܡôܡ
벻ȥˣͷͷҹԭѾ׼ˣԲŻῴ
ǣ֮Щ׼һϤ߽ˡ
⡭
ãһʱᣬеܲˡ
ˣٹһɡ

ţٴϰ˸͡
˯ֶû˯֮ǰǿɿصģ˯֮󣬾Ͳˡ
ټϣɻ룬СӰ˯֮Ͳǵˣֻǵã½׻˯

½羡ظʱѾˡ
ԭ볳ɣֱȥ鷿˯ģһԺӣƽһ˯±ϨƵݣҹȴ˵ơ
û˯ô
½׽´˸Ʈתݡ

ѾϨˣ½ƹ磬ڼ䣬澲ĵģֻյ
ɴʵʹԼճһĨԵӰ

ͬɻպ
½׽ҹ˲پƣʱͷĿѣģߵߣÿɴᣡ

ͬյҲȣҹֻ˯м䣬ԱǿԼ˯һˡ
½ɴᣣĿЩ㶡
˯ʱԼԱվһˣŲŲôôŻ˯
½Ҫɿᣵ֣ٿս
˵仰֮˲Ҳˣʶۣ½˫ѬˮƵӡ






49. []    Ķҹ

Ŀ, һ˾㵣һ졣
ָɽë, ֽ۾, װԼղֻ˯ˣװ˸泯ｫ󱳶½ס
۾Сһ

, ɳױԼղǾ仰, ֱ޲ҧԼͷ
ǵģö˶˵ģ˵ǻʲô
ŰԹʮ, һֱڵƵ, ˵ˣһ, ½׽ҹֻǹһ۾͡
ֻûʱ, ٿˣΪ
O@Ħ

½׽ҹҪ˯
֪һð, ˶Ҫʯˡ
ʱߵȫϨˣֻԼй˽
½ѣʱӿʲôһɴԭǴſӣתҪߵģͻȻǾ졮˯ʱ½һȻ, Լˡ
һɷ˯ȥŲŴ֮ȷԼû
ʱͷεҲûע⵽װ˯Ƭ̣¡

½ѵ֮󣬶ʯ󣬱㲻źۼŲ
ŲŲģŲ棬Ҫһʱ˳һ̣ûӦʱѾײ½׻

˲ֱˣֱͦͦ½׻У½׵ĺ¶Ƥϣ
ɲڵŲӣ½ͻȻɡ

һ˲䲻ٶˡ
ڣ½׺һ˱֮󣬱ˡ
Ƭ̣ȵĺһ
½׾ѣƷãں˾͹Թ˯һңҹӦలˡ
ţɲ˯˹ȥ

ڶ죬ʱ½ȥ˹
ҿڣҹǰ˯һŴϣ˴˶ţԷΰ

˻´ϴ
ǰգ½׵£Ҳûӣ£Я˻üȥתת½游µˣȻϱعŰ壬Ϊġ
ȥӣƹ񽫵Ľ㱨һ飬ֵǰգ壬⼸գֺ˲٣ϵѾ߰˰ˡ

ǰգ½ױıȻ˱֮
ɵͷƹ㽫ƷͶƷˣֱгȻЩݵŮ
˷űгƹģΪҪŮ죿
ЦպƷȻҪͼƷҸۡ÷СǹĿģȻЩڳġ
ƹһô˵̰æȥհˡ

Я˻üȥ⼸תתͬƹǴͬС졣

պƷҪǽͼƷȥҸۡԹСƣȻҪݵġ
ƹһô˵æǲհˡ

Ȼ⼸ûƹǸ˾ְҲкãתһȦԼ֮󣬱ȥ½ĸ̡

겻С£½ǰѾŶˣʱգȻá
Я˻üҪȥʱ䲻˽½ˡ

ѭȥԱŮʱ΢һ£ЦС㡣
ةฮǧǣӭϣйһ֮Ե
½ҲôǴͬ˵
ҡͷЦǣŵӣҹơ

һ۾ԲܾèƵģɡ
ʢŹŮײͷ¶ģĸˣǷëǣ˵˿ˡ
ɱ⸱ģЦˣʵСôߣҴȥ
áŻعʱֵڼҳ½˲ˡ
ǧ𣬵ȴûн֮ģ½мƣɶʮкøС
˵㵱ס֣ЦȻˣұȴ֮ˣҲؽ½ˣҰɱˡ
ãɡ

˵˵ЦЦյиƼ£ʣæ˺½Ҳڹ̨æװ㡣
ɽ½Ц̧ͷˣߺܿͺˡ
ѽϷˣȥϢһ
üܹȥ½λãȥЪϢ
ãҡ
½û˵꣬һɷסҴ̶ȥ
˵ţ½ߵǰܵ
Ŷá½ЦЦձ

Ǹл£㣬ͬɺ½˵˼仰֮󣬱ˡûһ
Ҳˣɱ㽫½ظˡ
Ǹڸſ½׺컳
ɺɵôһ𣿡
Ϊ
£½״컳Ļͬ½û˹ùظҴɳȥһˣɺã

ϴ컳һ£½ӡ̣ڿ컳ԾЩ¡
£µġСš
½һ컳컳֪Ĳ飬ټ˳ʱûٳ½ĸ㣬ؽ½ĸá
ƺ½мϤҲϡϳ컳ûôˡ
ȥȥɣ½ͬˣӺɰһƱݸ½ף컳һۣСͬ½׽ɳȥ䣬ҪʲôϲģҪɵɵվһߣҪò¹ҵ˼
ʣˣ
컳ĶҪĹˣ½һ½׳ɹ˹Ҳˡ
뵽Լ׵컳ʱˣ춼ˣȥȥ˰

ߡ½Ӧȥ½
½ͬǳȥģ컳һЩġ
ģڣ컳۸׵ġ
컳½ף

Ŀ½
ɺɵ춼ˣҪȥĶ
ȥ˰ɾ֪ˡ
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