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˫ɼƷߣﵭ
İ 
½һѾ
û뵽Ժ
ŴƽգʳҲǴڣܱĩͨҰ˶ܶ˵ĺ
ǡ
ŰݼƷõӦֵɷ½˳ǣȻ˿񫣬ĺֺڵѣڵִ˲ƣ
½ͬűӵĶӣȻɫһۡʱ磬ǲȥɷ¡
ӵҲЩ첲ʹȣҲûʲô󰭡
½ľԼɷ䴿ˣˣ
ף
ģﳤ̣



ݱǩ  Խʱ  

ؼ֣ǣ½  ǣ   

һ仰飺һԷ޼ﳤ̵ 

⣺Ѥùƽ 


1.     ½ıЩһѾ

Ӽųӵ
˼ңƽʹ޵ĪТ
٣ӵǵ˸첲ܶͣȻ˭˵Ҫּң˭ǲĲТӡ
ʵϣ˶ġ
ӲΨһ뷨˼ҡ

ûּҵˣƹܵµĶǽһʮ㣬ûҪ˼Ҷ˵һĴڡ
˼Ժ˭ĸУ

ﲻТĸиٵȨƽϰմϾ˭ĶƤϵ⣬˭Żеۡ
ң˹ԺⲻТֻӰһӶѡ
صĻܻ塣

ϰղ̫ĵĺô뻵ȴġ
ȢϱŮûһף˼ͨǲ׼ҵġ
Т˳ĶϱһϲĶҪ˵ûĿİҲǲܵġ

ûּңӻǵһλ
˵ÿԸɫԸɫӵ£ɵӶ֪Ҫѡһ
˴뱲ӵӣǻӵĴˡ

Ӵڼǵҵĺð֣ӻĵʯˮ壬ûһףҲƲж฻ԣѾôغӡ
⿴һ㣬֤Ƽйô˸߿һۡ
Ӵ͵һ㣬˼ҴδּҵԵͷ棬ȻйҲ

öҪʳʡ
䣬ڷּ£峤Ҫһ֣˵ѳɶ֡
һ£൱ֱ֤˼ҵɵķּңָܽء

˼ҵܲӵֱһһס
һűĥѿˣֻϧµĶϱעڵ¿ܵ䣬ѹûɶȥӡ
ϻ˵öԣ
һ㣬ƽʱϣȴͷһ֪ʲô´ϡ

ټ˼ȣӵľǾͱ˶˴룬ϸƱ鲼˫ζӳµɨһʺһĶ
һֱƫ̻Щ·ȫûһע⵽ĸס
Ӹеһ޿ɱزһŨʧ䡣

˼ҲƻãһƶҪʼķ˰뱲ӵֵͣûǲֵá
æ˴뱲ӣ˶ûϵܶӵĶӺӣͿʼһ̫š
û뵽
ȥӣٲȵɡ
һû˻һ˲ʱ䣬·Եø̬

ӵı仯̫½Щ㵣Աǰ켰мӡ󣬺ֻһּңһǿơ˱ʵеˡѽ⡣
½˵Լʲô˼ӿɲһദģٶϱŮʵе̡
֣󻷾ˣŮĹƺҲΪ档

٣ŻӲֻǶϱŮ̶ѣԼûƼӶԴ½ӵĶУûĴ
࡭ǾӵԴеë
οӶԱȴǺöˡ

׻˵úãûжԱȾû˺
ԱЩֻŮһŮӵ˵ˣӵƷʵԵġ
ǰѵ£˵ҪŮҪ֪˰ص棬ԭͲü˼ڴĵŮŮ
ôһԱȣ½ȥʱĿ˻п׵ĵط

˵Ҳ֣ӵĻƢ˾֪ϲƿڴԭȴͦϲţ
Щ֡
½ϸһ䣬Ȼ̲ס˳ǡðɣ̫߹ԭƷ
Ա沲ǮĶû࣬ԭһžͽӶӣŮģȻˡ
ˣԭ͵ԸļŻû

õĶϱ¿ڽϣ㳣ԭԾɿԱסƿڴĳ嶯
ԭһƤĻóǵűһӲŮ˾ȥֺԡ
ԭƨߵߵֺӣҲһôҲûУǾżСĸ㼦ԭм˳̵
λһˡ

ط˼Ժԭƶΰ½ﶼò֡
ԭļ䣬½ＸѡԵؿһ룬Ȼһ룬½ﲻģʵһŮˡ
ļ䣬¡ǻ½ﶼʹ಻ΪŮ飬ڱ
½ıЩһѾ

һԴδ˼ϵѣ½ľᣬôҪô֣˲
ȴûеõκӦֻõԼϱ½һͬͬ
ѣ




2.  оӻ   

һֻ˵òʱһٱһ٣ѽֵӹǣ治ǰĸߴ͡
޿ɱģе

ԭҲһǴµһϵѹͱȲļֵܡ
û˷Էͻһоӣ

һ»Ǻš
ֻȴֲȷ˶ϱɻһӲװɵ㶵ػŪȥ

ѵһɣͻƸ߼ʱϱһӡǡ
³⣬ûκ֪
ܽ

½ɲóߣѻһߡ
ʵԭԸΪ˶ڻ첻߲൱ҵˡ
ѱԭӴϳƵʮ˹գһʮˡ

ϱ½ȴѲһСһеˡ
ѾǱ½

С˼ǷֺɳķȴҲûô䡣
ΥԵģǴŶȥӽ½ģȻ˾ôأܻᱻԼȫȻͬһ
ЩԼˣɷϣԸΪ½Լǳ˵轵ѻĿܵһӵĺˡ
٣ˡ

ĩٻĶѺһԱΪԭͲɶˡ
ȻҲΪԼ½ﲢһܡѹûа㱧Ǹ
ʵ֤ѵȷ󣬳ӻָʱţҪþ˼ֱٺò
˵Ƿܹһ⴦û벡磬Ѿ͸Լľ

Щҵ׳ƲǼͽıڣʳģٺܺõȥ
ӣǰǰܹа˼䡣
ΨһשĺӣȻҵϾס

է֮£ӸоͦģϸһСûȢޣĸֵܿǶȢˡ
ʮ˿ڣһҾͷֳһСסţ޺ӲҪɶȫüƺĿռ䡣
խ⣬Ѻ½Ҳûκεݴʻˡ

ھĩʲôĻҲסôܹ˯ðȣֱʲôǿ
䣬ĩܳԵĶ٣ܵ˲ȾĵС;٣ܹĩֲȫ죬ֲоųɾŶжģΨһܳԵġζ£ʳζƶһЩ

Ǹ֡
Ϊ˻ȥʳѳԣǱԼȥֻˣ½ͬҲ⡣
жѰûоǲ˽⡣
ҺãѺ½ԸǼģ˵һ𶼻

ҳµʳֻǱҰԼɤӵͷ
ȻˣѾûԹʳķǸе쳣㡣
Сͼůѵӱ˭׽ģһֻԼС÷½ԣۼ½ﲻس±ʳĵʳϲԣﵹǱ˭ˡ

ӣ˵ʲôеΣΪǴӦ˵ϱȷľϾǷԭȵ壬͸˰ɣ
½ЩİΨһܸеϤģֻһ˫Ȼˮ

ѵ촽˹һͲں˵ܹķصж·Ϊӵ˭
ǳȲԭҪ
ľֻ꣬ҪһţѾκζޱȵĻ

õģּܷʲô³̣ҵֻҪڣͲκε⡣סյĳ嶯估ʱǲֹǣֻſڱ֤Ժҿ϶Êӵġ
ѡֱ塣
ӻŲֲû˾òɿܾ˻ˣڵǱȳ˾ˡ
ңôһ¡

½ͷѰԲë糣֪֮ط͡
Һ
ʵֻѲΪ⣬½ҲΪǶ顣Ȼԭ򸾡ȿȣƾ˯ðȡ

ǰѵʱ򣬷ܹѵ˿ôõǰ½ͬܰӹøá
ȻɷԸΪԼһƬ죬Ϊһôܲϲ
½ǸＸ֣Уҵš

û½ԸҲѹѹϡ
뵱ĩʱ½ߣӣͷǲԥֲڵӣҲѵĺ򾵹أܰԼɴմɡ
һ˼ϵԼ½·ʲôܹԼȻԼš
οѰһĶ½ʵᣬ˻ŵĸоʵͦõġ
½ǣѵĻǲģͬѱ֤÷Ҳɩӣһ뷨

Ϊһɩӣ÷˵ù˼̫࣬ƲƲ죺ĵܵĴûǱ˵̫磬¿ɲ˵˵ˡ
ĵּܷԺܹӣ


÷һֻŷּԺʲôĵӡ
ûֵܵţ廹Ϻӣ

𼵶壬÷Է޲ĺ޵ġ
ǰôܲǰţΪһˣ˶оԺһǲٻǶĸԸع
˵ҲһбµģҪ֪ũӵܣмܹʮˣ
һȻźûо٣ǲǡ˲

γ⣬÷Ҳһоǲģֻ˵ûٵȻôڸϿǰϦͰŪأ
Ŵ
÷ҵ˶ѾΪһֹֻŵλá
Ͼûм˻ȥˣǽˣ˽ŵĿԲС
ҷּҵԵɡ




3.  Ҷ   Ѻ½治Ƿ򡭡

ûţȻܸһһšһ
˶˽ģһ֪ټȥҲкôãⲻϾͷֱ
˵ʵҲĺʵ
ôһӶһ𣬳ֱͲΪ棬˱аòڷȻ˱

ǡ÷ʵӦѷ򸾡
½峺΢΢һ
÷̬½е˼飬ΪɩòҲǰɣ
ûгĻÿֵɩʱɩжµĴҲͱԭϼΡ
ң÷һ͵ģҵĺӾͲ̭ģ

ѾѾǰĴպõ˶ðȻҲܰԼʰ׵Сһ÷ﲻʰӵ̣ȴôۣҲץʰѾһŮޣҲĸףϵ·ֻ÷ûܣѾͷԼҲһ¡
һСѾͷͷָף½ﶼ̲ס񺮣ƲۣͰѾͷץʰһġ
ףɩƲˣ

½䣬֪ɩ̵ԭǾԭ÷¡
䣬Թͷһ£Ǿ˶ͬһӣúò뷭ũūѸ質÷ӲǱһˮ
ֻһӣ÷ܵóԸһ£ƫƫֱӾͶԭɩ缸´ӣӻֻɩǲŽë

ԼĶϱԼͷ
аȻܷΡ
ԣ÷ºò׵ĶӣֻûеõκκôΪһЩ¶ӵۡ

ԭЩ뷨⣬Ҳûŵ㣬½;Ůɫ֪ʲôʶʱΪܣһҪǽ廨š
ˣ÷̽ϱʱԭһӡ
пĶԱȣ÷ȻǰԭǺˣĵ϶ӵƫġ
벻֪ȷʵƫģƫĵĶ󣬾Բκһϱֻ˵ɩˡ
ԭֻĴƤռϲٱˡ

½Ƥ΢΢һ飺ΪԼɩӵۺʵеϹ
÷ԭĳޣ˵ǼëƤС£ȻС£˻µĵԺЧ˵൱ˡ
˫ĶԹһʱǲܵ⡣

½ͬΪ˵ദÿԵݣδ»ãǲܺƽ
ң÷ƲѵĻñе㻤Ը½ȻҲǶమ
ԭ⣬˭ʶ˵Ҳĵ˹ȥ˵ʲôҪ£϶Ҫ˼Ժ󣬶ɩǹܹԼСҾͺˣ̳ܲġ

÷°̧ø߸ߵģֻĵ˵һףһףʱҪҪţɩӼҿûôĵӼñˡ
½˵

½ֲǲ֪ԼɩʲôԣԭڵĻҲȥҪԲϹһҡ
ѵĶҲֻڿôһѣҪҪӣ뱳һȻԭҲûкõȥ

½ļûĻǳ⣬ҵĵڶˡ
٣͵ֶΣǲضá
Ψһһ㣬ܰѷִǡôɲԭѣֱӾŪ˾֪ĵز
ûпİϷ֪ԭǿģ÷ſ½ЦԭγڵſɩӵЦ
½ϰ飬⡣

ȿȣĳһ棬ҲĬʮ㡣
շˣҲֻй󲮸Լٶѡ
˵ˣɩڼҲһڷܵġȻ½ɩĹ۸Щ΢̲סʶذԡ
˵ɩҲһ
ԭɩĹ۸еͦõģΪǼԭµˣ֮෴ģ½ﷴͦϲλĬԵĴɩ

ʵһܸɵŮˣҲǺֻܻɩƺӻ⡣
Ů磬½﷭Ժ󣬶֪ۡ
Щʱ˶û˵ʲôɩӵʹԼŮţŮͲԼϵµһ
ҲŮģŶԼŮʵģչǵ͵ĵ춹ġ

淵Ůӻؼ֡
ɩϴŮֶȴӵĸ½ƷζԺǴ۽硣
һμԼþĻֶεŮˡ

淵ֶθڲһŻ죬ɩӴûаȴʾʹԼĹŮ˱ʹҲûа㲻
½ûɷϸģǾѣȻϸϸƷζҲûа취ɩӵ⡣
ò˵ΪԼƫƫִΪõ˲µġ
½ʹɩԶԶģԭҲǶõĽ顣

ҷּҲã½һԤУһԺ󣬹δҲжôʡġ
ҺãЩ沵ദĲ͵ġ
ԭ𿴶ԴɩòеøУֲʡ͵ĵƣõõ˵ĵطһɲյǰȫȫ塣
͵½ֲ⼸Ҽɩӽ˵õ÷䳰ȷɩȴǰġ

½Ĩһ꼴̬ȣ˵ǻǸꣿ
½鿰ζӳ£治֪ԼǾỹңδܻе鷳£Լʱ±մϡ
ǰĵԡ±˲Ǳ֮Ψֲ

ɩ÷ǺԭһļƷɩĿǰɩνԭһֽġ
ͷ÷ϵģԭ沾ȻǺν

ԭɩһµĸνȴֻûмβˣƲ˵̬ǰڵġ
ͷ˵ũŮǴ˼ҾλȶÿƤԺν̬ʵ˿͸
˵ԭƤӺ񣬵ʱӣǻеһѻ

ûóģ½ʱҲ͸ɩ뷨ԭĹ۸УͷһεͬС
ɩӣ½ͬ׽ͷԭȻӵ⣬ǱʱʱرӣٷԵ˶ջ
ο½Ҳжõӣܹĩˣ϶ɱϣӡڵġ

½΢΢̾һͦʵڵ˵Ҫּˡһסһ½治ұ֤Լ᲻ȥº֡
һͷ½ﻹǣ벻֪⻤еĺɷͰһаضϡ
˵ûɶֵݿԣ˵ȻûԼӽ̺ãһųӦˣôеĿȻҲ͵㵽ٵͷϡ

ķ𿴺ϴȽϳѵУֵܾǺͿӣǽ
ѿֵǰܹڼԹǵϱǿñС򲻻̵ա
һĨ͵Цݣʵûۣ
仰治ҹͬ

ĩʱѿǼνʵ˵ס
һЩСˣʵ˵ɱĲС
Ѻ½治Ƿޣ޶ΪЩֵܵδӣ»ǶӲϡ
ȻûĵĸЩֵܲδӻжڣֻҪʶȤسѾܹվһԹۡ




4.  Ҷ   ӣһȺ

ɩƺ⣿
½￴˵۹ȷʵľ׼ҲϹǳģȻһ۶Ƴν
ɩԾһҸĸо

νǲ½ϲ˵һʵνһׯûеʣԭòȺνĲƫƫһվһ˵һע⵽Ŀ϶Ǻν
ٶëһҲԿȷʵΪɩӡ½ΪԼǺ£ֻԷ޵ĸԵȡ
ֻҪ۵ˣ඼ܹνʵûжôġ

һԷޣôպһģ
ΪȺνﻹһ½ţ½ﻹĶûɶѣҲ͵ò𰸡
Σ˼ҵվǱ˼ҵ£½Ҳûٽһ̽˼
˼ҵ£½ɶ໨һʱ䣬һԼҵһĶֵء
ȻڵĵضǹҵģⲻϾ

һ뵽ǰ쳤õĵ룬ԼͷͬʳٶԱǰյĻء
ûбڸõˣ

½ûʲôģȻԺٿһЩܹʳأǰ뷨ƷһǬ
ֻҪ뵽һ·˼ңܹӵԼأ½޲һ
ʳʤһа

½δǳεʱɩƫƫҪſƻֻˣԼ˲ȵôͣȥҪ˵ԭ½ﶼҪ
δ˭Ҳ˵̫磡
½̧һɨƼ˲ٳ⼸պôһЩũҵĹأǲǰЦ

֪Լҵײûе֪֮ڵǡǾͲˣǷ鷳˭϶鷳ɩġ½ΪⷬӦԻͦίһҲһжôͱķΣϾɩҲûı鷳
½βվٹ˼Ҳӡ
Ҳ
½ǰѹҲûС

Ê½ģ÷̫ղǷػصĻȵӻζԺ˸̡
÷ɤŴľˣڼ滹˲ٵĿˣ½ӲûͶʧ
⻰ʲô˼÷û½ʶ壬˵ɩѹûʹŭǲδӲù
÷ׯ𳳼׺ʮ㣬ǳЩ̫ԡ
ûɫġ
˳ǵ½ȱ۵ĻҲѹʱԭˣ档

÷עĿӺܴɵؾУλһֵ䣬ֱӾʹʧתΪŭ
֮ܶҪùˣ
ʱƷζˡ

ʱ˾ֻҪ뷨һŤҪֱѡ䣬ֿ˼ҹ˼ȫ֪ѾʼΪԼ뱲ӵĲ͸еֵ
ӵĻûţ˲һйʱ÷ĳܲ˵ǡʱ
˭÷⵹ùﲻԹɫ
ɩײӵǹӣֻ˵ʱҲҲ

½ûôȱֻۣ۾鵽ӵɫûɶĵͬԼҶɩһ¡
Ȼͬ½ܲһ㣬ӹҲؿʼŭһؾ֪Ը˻ǼӰ𣿡
ּԺ󣬶ϱǶϱТܸ٣ȴǿ峤һ֧ɲ˵ٵģӵĵʮ㡣
Ŵ壬ʱɱȹٸ

˫һ棬һڳΪ˵סźļƣŽưR
һֻûͣЪʻ㻹ܻŻˣֻϴķݡ
ûһսԻǱĺá

ɩ÷Ҳûô˵ǿµ˵㣬һ˿ȫ
սǾˡ
½ŴŹȻǲС

÷һŵһģͻأطȻϱˣ½֪˶ɩ뷨
֪ԼҪ˱֧ʮӰɲһһϦܲµġ
÷˰ûӽа壬ʶӣϾҪжΣܹңҪ־͹СһжĴ
½Ů˾Ȼ˵ôҪ

ɩ˵ǶɩƲҡŮ˳ܣһǲܽģѰݵĽɫһ첻ߣǰû첻ǼɻʲôǾ̫˶Է
Ʋ
Ǻǡһ״ԲԷİѱ

һΪܣ첻ߵдʣɩң˵ûң˵ԺȥҪһǰңԺҪҪȥ
÷ҵӣڶôֱ׳ĸ״㾿ˣ
޹ս󣺡ּҶûʼ£Ҳµһ¶ˣ
ӣһȺ

ӷ·һϲ²ȥһöӸ״ģͦϲ̨棬һĻȷͻͻð
ӻǰĽᣬܹԼϵ⣬ԼĿλεֱ벻̣
Ê÷ǲΪҪּңԼĵ㣬ԵӾͿʼˣһŭҵĶӊ˭ĵӣ
ӴûоӶֲڵϰߣһ˫ũĴʹ÷ĵҲֻܶԸ沣սӲ׵ӣƲϵĵһȣǶʮ÷Ҳӡ

ӵ뺷Զġ
ʱܼ飬÷ȻɷŨҵ飬ֱ⧲Լǰ˼֤ʲô޹ѡ
ι޷ر˺һѣʹɫŤΡ
½ͬ롣
ѣȼһʣͲ´λ˿ơ
Ҫϱһͬ磿

Ǻ
ûʲôծ




5.     ܶʱϺ

ӹݺᣬذβɣģڵĺۼ
һ굽ͷũλ˿ݡ
ü۵µľޣһͨͷӡ

ΪҵĴҳĴڸмӣֻϸĵ˲ܷһ顣
ͷ˵һĴڡ
ӵֻûκγͻ顣

ּǴ£źеĳѼ䣬Ķ;ŵˡ
һⶼܳµˣΪŮҲٳּдСµӣؾӶࡣ
ֻҪӲ£һֻ۱һֻۣҲҵôǵԭ

ӵʵЩˡ
Ȼּ£ӲԸ⣬ԸҲǶôԸ
һԵϴַּң϶ϡģһͬҲԣô֪ӵ뷨
¡Ҳƫּҵġ

ġʶͺԵͷ۵Ķӡ
ȫһϷվͬһߵģҲֻӡ
ҲֻһжĶһĻˣ˵ҪǶϣǻίܾ

ҲǻӵТģĶǻ첻һ㣬ڶϵﻹǺõġ
ӣϴܺ;«ƵģϾͶ׽Ҳ˵仰϶ɣȴһӵģǶϵҲġ
Ψġ鲻ӶԴϵʮ㣬˵Ҳɲƣʱܲ˼ʱز׶λˡ

ֱȻ⣬ָͷг֮֡
˼ҪģͨҲϥж㣬мˣ
ԣص⣬棬ϲľⱹĶӡ

СӴӣ̫̫ӡ
⻰ܷŵ˼ңҲ⡣
ļҵĲֻҵĴӣô˵ҲǵЩ۶ӡ
Ȼһ壬ƫҲһӶ˻һһӣǶϵȷƫ۵µӡ

ʵ֤Ƕϵƫ۲ûġ
Ϊ»һѣȴҲǶϵġ
һ뵽ǰ£Ǹеһء
ûۡ

ټһӣȻֻķͷ岻ˬ졣
ҲĴĲҩӲܸеһЩˬ
ͣ϶С

ТģҲÿǶûӵĿۣĶͱˡ
һ£˵ỳɣ޿¾ǵһԡ
ԡȿȣȻҲֻһͷӲģͬҲһ뷨

⵱ûбǸһ뵽δܵ壬ȥտⲻĶһңʵ̲סһ¡
ֻӡüͬǶġ

ǰϴûɶ⣬ѵòТһصؼַּңһʵģῴԼĶӡ
ֻڣϴϱ˺ܴĲҲߥϴּҡ
ȵǶϲܶʱܷİԼһԹĶϱտ
˸ͻҲؾͷ

ɲԼ޵ϴϱϣ˴뱲ӣʲô߰Ҳˡ
ϴϱǿסġ

Ҳҿεķּϴϱǰ¶ҪŮԹô򸾶벻ϴϱô˼
ûΪТ˳ϴϱȻһжǼٵġ
ӣΪϴϱһֱĶǮԲ̫ۡԼӲͬŵĶϱصľϴϱ

ΪǶĲܶʱ̵ϱµϴҵġ
ʮϴϱûΪ¶ӣһӴеϱݻؼңһάϴҵͻˡ
֮߳޺Ϊ
ûаסӣϴϱʲô취ߥϴּң

ʧֺģǰ֪ϴӵϲ̵Ȼ޴档
ϱˣ˻Ȳϴϱ
٣ϴϱļû˵һʲôõó֣
ϱһžûǶϷѹûָ

ܶʱϺͿֻǿϲķϡ
ʱƫĹƫģվԼĶӡ
ôТ˳ĻҲûеȻϱǮֲŵϱɨسš
϶Ըˡ

ͷ϶𿴱Ļãӵô֪ܲԼӣ
϶ҲϲģһķǶϵĻģϵöɵŻѡ϶һ
ңŸ˻ͷֳ͸ôǶٲտһ£Ժô

΢΢һת˲㣬ּ˶뷨ͷ˾ϡ
ּһ£Ľᣬ˵СģĶӻЩþ
Ҳ֪Щӣ޵ʵһֱ̫ӵȻЩ̫ÿȴ̫ȥޡ

ֻСغȵˣˣӊͱѵϱҲѧԼ£ٽҲˡ
һ仰ֱӰӵʧɡϱ
ⷬ˵ǣȷʵܰ˹ȥ˿⣬γ඼ˣҲϲͷּҵġ

˶ϲֺ¼įʱ򲻷ּңҲҪͼ֣˶һֻ۱һֻۡ
꣬ϱһֱӵţ߯Ҫģ

ӰԱ˱
ȻͷӶҲܼϱྣֻ޵÷һۣ˶˻ôûɫȥЩˮڡ
ǲѵֻǶϱ̫ˣ˼ζԼĶӣֻܺ޺޵ط֡

֮ģһֻ֣ûʹ顣
˭˭֪ʹ˳̵
ۣ

Ҫˣ̫Ҫ棬ҪԸĶһֱӿ޵ġ
⵹ù

÷һҲ֪Լź˼һʣһΪǽ˹ȥ
÷һ⣬ȻеСûټۣ
òӲץŲţʱܸʱ
ɫƵǼá

ѹһϷƤһ£סͷľ⡣½ƼС̲סø첲˶䣺ôһ㣬̫𡣡
˳ץס裺Ȼзִġ

Ҳûд̫ľٶǰݻ첻ߣֲĻ첻ߣôĳݶڳǶŻԼϱ˵죿
Լ᲻˵½ôܻ˵ȥ
ֻǼٽӵĲԼϱǰվȥûΪ½ռһλãԵȴ֮ķּ³̡




6.  ϱ   УôԼϣ

ּҵĹǰļҵ׶ׯ˼пɡ
Ķĺôıīֽ⣬ԼϿӣҵĵӿ϶ܸӷһЩ
ҲţʮĶ˰ĶȣһӵۣȻҲܻ۵ôء

ũܶŲּң˵⣬͢Ҳһ
Դ³۵ĲѾǰĿ̣⼸ֱǰɿ죬˵Ƕϣе˿϶Ҳּҵġ
˭Ҳɵӡ

Ƥ΢ãĿ⣬һһػеĶһۺƵſڵ˵˵ͷĲ֣ϵʮĶеʮĶ⼸½½տҵĻĵҲʮĶǼҵܹʮĶϵĲÿҸĶʣĶǶϵġеͬÿĶ˻һĶûĵصĶϡȻҵĻĵÿĶʣµĶͬǶϵġϾҺﻹɵö⼸Ķؾ͵ճĽãӦûɣ

ڼ˵УĴڸĺܵͣʩ˶ӡ
ȻĬˣ˿ȴ쳣ټֱѶӶ˸亹乡
УӣԼҵӶáԭ˾ֵʵģŴǷйСʱбӰڣֵȻΪһֱıȴŵøæҡͷûȻû

˵ͷϣʵ˿⻹ǲ⡣
ֵܼ⸱ģǹԵͬһ

һʱȷʵǲܼС£ֵĻµĶǿ϶ǲҲѵһƤ
ǶӸѾɼҵΪЩӵ룬ȻСʱһˡ
ײУҲֻеӵ֪µĶϱûһܹ⹫һ档
Ҳһ룬ܹסӣôܻô򵥣

˲ͱ˵Ķӣĵ׵ʧټһ㡣
治ϣϣʵЩҲǸӡ
ȥɫĺñ£ܺãȻûĻ˵һ飬ǾΪʾƽõϵزٹҵСϡ
ʲô÷˼ѿڴУΪʲôУ
󣺡Žǲǣ

ϴʹӦ˵Ĵ¾ȻռͬʹȻô˵һ˲һţ
÷ռˣȻҲǰġ
̫֪ӵƢԣѹͲҷκξСʱʹˣҲҪû˲֪ʹǻ˿޵ġ
׵־ǲӵġ

ԴֵһȢϱģĹӣһҲ뵽ðᣬɱ˻Ҫ
󼸺ҪԼҵĴӸˣûɩҲûôҴڸеģô

ۼͷҡɲ˹ģһŶɩ÷죬½ҪЦûϵһǻ
½һЩһۺҲעŵϡ
ģôһ˳ۣڶԷ̯ôһ಻ϱѾҷŹһ

ԭȵ뷨ѻŷּҹһЩС鷳ö磬û뵽֣δ÷Ĵڣ͹ܵġ
ɩû²ã϶п˶ĺñ¡
뵽Ѿ͹һĨζЦݡ
벻֪һЦϱ̲סһ㲻ٴʲô⣿

½ĺɶдϡ
һƳͷƼЦݣ½϶һЩ顣
֪Լ½﷢֣ҲΪ⣬ֻЦȴøѰζģûʲô
½ܾøˡ

ô½ֹı̫ԣͦϲ˵˵ڵģβʣ˵𣿡
ȻûĿһй˵˼ģܿˡ
Ƿ޶꣬ǿһЩֿ½ﱻһòĲҪˡ
ңҵλúãǡһڵҲ˵Ƿ޵ĽɫҪԴȷҪּԺ˾ͼٰѶעŵѺ½ϣԷСδκ˵ע⡣

ûصһۣ½ھУֻθôһ䣺Ҫʲôǧֳ
ѣ

½ƺûԼе壬һ£ζԺ󣬳ϵظеΪġ
Ϊ½û̶ȱˣǰ籾Щƫǰ½ٶ᲻ͬ˿һһԤ˼ûС
뵽ʲôһ˲ã繵ر֤ģûʲô
ϣȥĵùѶʱе˳ۡ

½ǿĻͬʱ˳ѵĿ⣬·ŵȥ
ΪǰĴϷ˼

߲Ͼɵ棬ֻ쳣ٵ̬û£˵ʲôʲôҾûڶ仰
÷첱Ӵ֣㵸»ʿŭĿӣﰡ

ӱͲ÷ҷԼͷӵĻڣð˵˵˭
÷

˵˭סԵ÷¾ֻиøݵӡ
һɱڵƣֱ÷Ϯ
󣺡ãҪôǷֱǼǳԲǴ
淺ͺνҿûͷ

ٴθܵӲǣϴϱϱһԭеС˼˲˻ȥ
һͷֱȫڻ÷ͬҲǸղŵĲ鲻ԸӾͶ߶µ˻÷ֻϿȰһ˹ȥ

÷ѵسһĨѿЦݣȻղ˵Ҳ֪ϲŵģûɶ˼
ȷϲšЦүǶû飬ͦôͷԣǸ˵һ˵ʲô
ûûв÷ĵٷʣʱҲѵôһأѧǰģʹҡҡͷȻԹȵľǶԣϱģһʱˣʹ˲С˹

÷ûտʼڣͱӵƸѹȥ
淣ɷһЩʧ
Ϊܽ϶ҵ̵ôȴû뵽÷һӻѣһҲס

淲Թ÷һء
Ҳҿ÷뷨϶ݺݵһأŮ˼ֱվ˵ۡ
УôԼϣ

÷ֻǲԿӶѣ½ӣ֪÷Ҳ˶졣
ӲֻԸ׺η֮绢
ΪɱĹŮӿһӵĺ

һ뵽Ӷ̬÷̲סɪɪ
ֲӣһ°ܽ÷öԷҲѺüƤ
÷ɩ϶îҲҪԷÿ




7.  ʽּ   ½ѿɴûб

ϣٴչһµŵ硣
ϱϵǶѹ磬ѹ硣
ûѶϱǵѹȥһЩϱǲ˵һ¡

۾ϻܰѵµĶϱֵӡ
ʵ֤ţµĶϱҲ˰ݡ
Ϸ޵Ĭ׾پͽյͷӵɫ
Ӷһ£Ǿͷһӡ
ڣĻǴ㲻Ӻ󣬲ŵȻģôξˣ´˵ǼǵҪӡ

޵ûֵԸԼӣ͸еһɿĪԼϰ顣
ö˵һ䣬޾֪Ը˼
ⱲӣԼûȢ

÷ԾģΣǶ޵̾
ԼĶӣܹ޹˼ɵֽѵһЩϱԼȴǲò֡
һмʶˣּ֪øɸɾ϶

¼ȻϣȻ̯˵ȻҪּңǾ͵÷ֵĸɴ࣬Ͼÿһ˲ڼԼĻôͱռǵܵܵıˣҪͷֵĳףҪͱּҡ
У˵ǵܵܵĶǹģӵӹֲǲܶɻһЩӣҪ˵ǵܵռӵıˣɲıˡ䣬СʮľţĹΪʡ¶˰˵ռǣɲܵܵġ

ΪٹЩӣǺԥذǲ߲Ҳ˵ϵƫģƫô׬ǮҰÿһȢӣûһԲǡңʶֱͿʣȥﶼ飬ҪǮż飿


仰ͰذѴƫĵҥԸ
ƫĵˣȢϱġ
˼ҵĹȢؼңϾǵҪƸġھкü˲ﲻ̫ƫĵûΪ˰¡
ΪĸȢϱǾľĴﶼܿ
䳶һ£ĳҲǼΪͬ뷨

ǨǰһңеٵˣϧǰĻ̫츳ֲãŵҵû䡣
ǨƵʯˮ壬ĻԻͻ֪

վһЩ̣ҵ峤Ҳһϸǵƶˡ
ڰ˶úԺ峤ʰѧֻǿǵīֽⲻˣÿҾֻһá
ʰѧʵֻһûκι̣ǹʶ־ֱȶׯ˼ǿϲ١

еĶӣǶԹȥѧϴһ˯ŵĴ
϶ǲ˵ĴֻССʱ̰ģֻѧ棬ȻǶȥ
ѧḺһֵıīֽ⣬ɻһǵԼеģһǨ壬ǾĶ˼Ѿȥˡ

ֻ۶ѣ̰ռ˺ܴһ֡
ҲвǺ˼ңɾΪ̰ϣֻǺϼҲƣм֧˼ȫ
мҵ׵˼ʣ࣬峤һ֧ǰﲢȻҲҿΪļ֧жûС

Ȳ峤һ֧Ϊʱȥͷʶļҵ׻Ǳȶ˼ĺ񣬲ǳԱЩѡ
ˣ±īֻֽеһ֣Ҳд˼ò֡

ûǸݣƫƫҪǮⲻռéӲʺ
˭ҵǮǴģܹô˻ӵģ



û뵽үӻͦġ½׾پվƵȻü仹вɿʱ
ԼıӣѵļԸӿףһͨ͸ģҲеƫģȴһߣּҸĶ˭˵

䣬ŰʮĶ£ʮĶˮ峤ĴȣȫԸġ
ԭҪ˰ڹ£һɻñľ
ȻܲᳬʮǶѧķչвٰͺʶֵˣܹһЩ֧

˾٣ֻͬʱס
Ҫԣ
УԸȥ峤ĳ˵˵ûӵĻǾͨͨ죡

Ϊͷظȷʵƽµ˰أģЩ׼ңҲҲڷԡ
ңڳҲһ鶼֪ܵܵ˶ûкãͷֳȴҪּңԼֵܵع£˶޻˵
˵һŵˣɲǻ˵

ȷʵǵļΪϸСӵɲ١
ţóҵǮƣһܸҪǿģµʱʶ֣ΪҵӲڼ˺󣬲Ÿʼѧϰʶ֡
ӵ㲻ϺãдҲббģӼģġ
٣һЩ׼ңûһ뵽һ˱

ްѻ˵Ĺ˱óֱ̯˵£ǶˣȻˣҾȰСȢϱǮȿ۵ϾÿȢϱƸҲǴӹҳģûСȢϱǮԸɣ
⻰ݶû⣺ȷʵ
һ׼̫ȫּҼ޿ޣȫҲ
Ϊ˲һҲܹƽİǮֳݣһһݣһͬԼġ
ȫȫǰڳƫе̬ȡ

½ŵֵʮӣǮʳ˼ҶԲ٣ÿֲֵֵܷ֣ܹܶͬųǰĻС忿òֵܣӵġ
СޣһֻӣīֽȥһԼӡ
е˱ϣϴǰʹвٵļҵףʱǮƣôˮ⿿治ǶӳɺͶ

ͷûһҷּңֻأôӣӵǮͷ
һӣҲûΪһˣõºֻ㿷ʲˡ
ϳɾָľ

龫ǣ˭ܲ˵һ
ּҾƣ½ȴҲȭȭ֮ġ

½˼ͨ͸һ˫۾ҲǰõģǿףһԵɱǰĶá
ͬޱģôܲףɰ̯װףΪ˲ֵκεĸҡ
ǣǣ˭Щã˸Ǳȣⲻ𣿡

ĩʱѺ½ﶼ㱻ԵĸĸƤ̹ǣҲʳӣǿȲ
⻰Ϊ½ȴͬô˵Ҳǡ
ĸ⣺ϲǣ

ȻҲӲϰˣҪˣһʱܹġ
Ϊ˭ϲƫ̻Լˣ½ﵹҲΥԣͦϲġ
ռ˶˵˶ǣ½ѿɴûбƫĹܵӰ죬½ƷζԺ󣬲ò˵ͦġ




8.  ʽּ   ˵˻

˺˻治һҪôӣӦҲѡԼԹŵӿأƽʱ˵Ը᲻ãմմ˵ĻζҲûУһӻôӣ¶ܡϵ˼ȫڵϣһҲΪԼ롣
Ѳ˽½ˣüʣʲô
Ҳûʲô½ҺãҲõˣ˵ֻǾԺлĻǻǶТˡ
ĸоҲֲ׵ģ½估ʧȥӣеͬġ

Ũüµĺ𣬹ͭɫļϣӲʵٿ̫½ﱾΪҪ߶ԼҪ̫£ȴû뵽ѲδӦУôô
½һ죺Ӧˣ
ƺǴ޿κεζûС£ҷҲûá

Ļ㹻ݣѲҪǰһı
ֻҪΣ飬Ѵ඼ڷε̬ȣ½͡
ʵ֤½ﲻҷģֵðҲϧ
ƺʲôֵðʲô˲ֵð½лһ˳ߡ

һߣ½ﻹģ˵Ĳס
һߣͬΪҶϱƺûТģɩôʲô˼Ȼĵעּңһ㲻ǻϵ³𣿡

ƽ淺ɷһӴ򲻳һƨ
˵µĵһ˳λһԷ޾ǰ

÷Ծı鶼ڲסɵǺ
˭˽˭ôһЩĲ͵沣˵ѱ˴˵ĵʮ֣Ҳиߡ˷֡
÷沵ʱ䣬ֱĸĵԣ÷ܹ֪
ⲻ̫߳ûʲô顣

ǺͶϱ뷨һζԼϱ˰Σſڵϵ³ȷʵǵ˵һ£ҺǰҲһ£Ҳ˵Ҳá
ûзҲû˦ɫһͬʱֲɵһЩ쿪
벻֪淾Ҫġ
ֻ˵ɩһ㡣

ΪһҳùˣһҲҪٹǵˣܿͱ˼ĿǰҺӹǶУģÿǵС廹ûгףԷּҺϴʱȸСУǵǸշּңֶǮʱϵʳӣһȲظĻÿֵܱһٶʮʳǮȻǶʲôʹǼֵҲ̯⣬ȵϸ첲ܶʱҺǿס˭ȽģȻپ˭չˡ

һ˵ͷһǮʳظһЩֵֻԼôûһĸĸ
Уҽ׵ĶŮ׼ңΪŮҪּң뿴һʲô˿ռĸȫ֪ץ׳Ķӣķַͷۻ˶ټ˵˼
˵治ʲôռġ

ܴ˼ңδӻ᲻ڣһͷƺҲδļ¡Ÿ˵꣬淾һģôСҵ˼Ǵһ㲻ϴϵģﲻϣǴ˿϶ᳯ˵ġԡ
µķܰ಻
ͷӣǼĵһϱʲôϷ

ʲôӾûԼͷӵĺƢԣֻԼĶŲƵü׶Ǻл˵ƨţ
ȴһɴˬӣ˵鷳Ӷ
ϴҵģǰҲƲۣϱڴǳĺá
ϱֻһǮҪǣֻһӡ
䣬ϱ꣬ӵ㣬ûϱĹͣ

ϴҵģ춼ϲԼһģŪӺµһĶš
ҲûҪӣʵЩӼϱծ
УȻΪһˣȻҲͲؿˣ

˵Ϊ治޼Ѱ
Ȼﶼ˵ƫģӾ͸ɴƫĵףͷƫĶ̹̹Ҳ±˵졣
ʮģǸҲ
ͲԼöϱϷּһ£ԼĴ£Ѿ϶ϴҵľһؼġ
Ӹһ
ǣ˵λȽϿ졣

ӶôôԼҵĴҲǱʲôסۣ־ҪȢҹȻһԵĴ
ҿɲ׼ҵϣ˵ɼңŮֻᶢһĶֵصȫ˭̯˭ù
һӶ˻ѹҲҪ϶ǲ÷ּԺϴû͡
ûСҲûӵ¡
Ϊôף



ףӸĻĴҲǰҵĶϱÿõǮƣҲΪֻ컵ѣϾһš
ʵϣֻûģҲûš
ӵʼǰĺãⷬèһϱģֻòˬ
÷ղҲˣ˼ҽҲһڡ

淲ԼѾ˷°죬쿪˵˳ԡΪ˲õұ˵ТǶϾϰɣʹСҲûʲôϵ
ӲûЦ˭ߥ޷ּҵģ̫Żǵ浱һϺͿ
ֻԷΪϰˣֲĿµġԼˣҲ̫ҪķַȻһϲĶӸһ㣬ϲĶӸһ㡣
ǡɣƺ«ĴӣԴӱӵԺ۾۾ӲǱӡ

ǰȻҲǶϲӣȻΪ̫ʵһЩԲӡ
֪һֻҪϱҪİǣ
ʵТ˳϶ҲװģԼܵܲŸճ£ȫҪʱô͸ּң
Ѿֻǰǣɥĵģ

һ뵽СΪԼֵܵĿӵһһġ
СһЩֳãЩһСûǰ̣һ¶ԭĿֻûֱӵС尭¡
˿ϴҵ˵ֻǰλϵĵɵӺ

ûּǰԸչ壬ּҺҪǺӹȥȫҾһˣһЩ˶Ǵ
⻹ǿŵӺأɥĵ澹
ӵĻïʢӵԸҪ쭣ȻѶԷα׸ݺ˺

һӵɫԣͬһ˿ϲ
淵ǰ磬Ѿ˶ϱĹ۸һٽ͡
Ϸ˺׼ǵǰˡ
Լǰάϱľٶֱι˹Ƶġ
ӵ뼫µƫģϴиӵݴڣѾƲ淣ȴǹǵӡ

վӵǰ⵹أڳ׼Ҷ˵ǲТТľˡģͲٶ˵ˡȻּˣǶϣͲٴպϵκһҡϵĻܶǲһҲǶҪ
ҡҡͷңԺףǶϻΪ°׵һЩٽһ𣬲ʡңȻдǳϣȴҲһġǰ˵ҪϣӦǶĲƽӦֶǲƽԣϻһ䣬ϵܶʱ򣬿ס˭Ƚ˳ģǾ˭ϡϾͼҲǿӣǾ͵˵ԡ

ԭûоӵѣȷʵ˵ֻûķȴһ˵ĺýڡ
Т˳ĶӲֻһܲ˳ͷͲһͷ

˵̬쳣ᶨ深Ҳһˣһʱûкпʹ
䣬÷һȵģóӭһӾͽĻûǵҵģǰҲ˵Ҫϣûϵֻܸ󲮣ȷʵǲƽ
󣺡Ȼû˵⻰˵˻

ﰵ⣬һ򰮺֪÷ĻʲôӰ졣
ǴģֻҪûףĵͲܻκһֵϣϵТ˵Ҳ
ɫһˣ

÷űТģֻù⣬Լһء
÷ֻʶҪԣŲռ˵˼ӲҪƻ淵ĺ¡

ȫҰµ˳һĽôТ˳ӣֲ̳ܽһŹ
˿ǲܱȽϡ




9.     ½ĸϵı鿰Ǿʷ׳ʡ

ֻҪΪŮ˼ңһڷּҾǾ˫޳ɡ
½׼УΨһûϲҡ
֪ŮŮʲôӣ½ߥΪٵӣ½ĸȴǸֳŮԺʵģ

½½ңһӶסڸڵִ塣
벻ԶϢٶȻҲͿһЩ
ĸɵˣһ׼ҪǼҸˣϼһͺ׼һһ

׼Ҳͬһ㣬Ǿ½ҲûռԼҹŮ˵˼
½ĸҰ׵ķ˿һ򵥵ĸͷһϴ÷׵ĳ¾ѣϵϼͬǸɹߴֻģϵĥ½ĸϵӰҲӡ
Ӧ˵µİնǿľӶ࣬³ãͷŵһյӢʵۣ̰ٲǰƲ
ϰյӣܹһڳ

½ҵͬʮù
Ͼ½ʱ򣬿ǳȥѧһֵա
ѧͽӲùϵõʦһģֻѧͽѵۣľƻ洫ڡ

Ȼ½ûѧľ˼һֵı£Ǽ׻ľļҾ߻ó
˼ңȻҪõ˼µļҾߣ½öǡǡ㵽ǵҪ

һı£½һгŵģԳִ塢ʯˮ⣬ׯһҪļҾߣһҵô඼½
½ҵļҵףҲΪ½

½굱ѧͽԵʣԼ˵Ĺϵ㲻磬˼ּʱ½õĶࡣ
ҲľĻƣȻЩʱԱе⡣
ԣ½ĸ½ġ
ҲڼӺù½ĸȻʡԼõԸ

½ĸʵеӶڼ˵һĴڡ
Ůͷ˶ӣ½ĸĸȻӸ˵
ũһŮԭ򣬳ϵĴУ׳һ㡣ж˼ңũȷʵȽϳ㣬ŮҵױȲˡһܸɵģûҲ͵˼ȥ͢ɲһŮֱʮǴֹСˣһЩׯҲʱһǮȻֵĺͣЪ

½ĸĸӣ½ҵĹǶˣͷ½ŮҲǲӰ½ĸ½ҵĵλ
ӵĹͣ½Ĺϵ½ĸڹҲֲʲôô
Ϊĸӵķϣ½ҲŻôɴ½˳ȥȻûжҲûдӲ½½ţǮ

һ㣬½ĸ˴ֱֱͦģ½ҲΪˣʱҲ˳½ĸӶࡣ
˵½ĸԸӸ˷

½ĸŶĶкӹ½ĸҲһŮģԵŮ̬ȣȫ
ȻҲũ˵ͨ

½ĸΨһڲͬģȻŮȴȳ谮ԼΨһĹŮ½
ϡΪĵǺ޵ġ

ĸСԺ󣬱˵½ĸˣ½ЩСӶûôϡˡ
½ΨһĹŮֻһŮϸĸϡ
䣬ŮֱȶӸԣҲϲԲֻ½ĸѣ½ԼǼƫ̻ϹŮ

ûѹŮ޳ȥǰ½½ĸǧá
ȵѹŮ޳ȥ½ĸȻ۰ŮȴҲòϣǾԼҹŮˡ

½ĸһ߾öԲ׼ңһְңԼŮԼһ˼ңôϱû˸ϻҶ˵һ
û½޸ģһʼͲ½ĸĴ㣬ӵԶţļҵĹŮ޽ȥкӹ
û޽ȥҺҵĹŮӵǰƨҶһ

½ĸӹϱֶǽһ߸ˣݲԣ½ĸֽֽ̣ԷιܽϱģȻôõ¶ϱ
ܹһﻰ½ĸﶼ᲻ԼıȥֶŵĴĥ
Ҫ֪½ҵã˼ҲͶˣ˶ׯ˼ңŮĸֳԼĹŮǲޡ

½ĸԭȵĴ㣬Ȼǵһ˼ҡ
½ĸȴôҲ벻˶ûƺã軵ĹŮǰ˸ƺˣ
ʹִҲжţһźƤ⣬ʲôõóֵģ

½ĸƣȷʵһЩġ
۳࣬½ĸҲͦŵģһӣıȲĶӣСûȴĴֲںǿҲϹŮụ̂½ĸĺòҪΪˣ½ĸܹôƫۣ

ĲСֵӣ½ĸÿһۣ;ǰϹԼĺò
ﰮ֪飬½ĸֲûңɾǵ˵ϱ˺Ժ½ĸ֪ӵʲôˡ
δĹþǼ򵥣ȫ֪ӣƤòûõĶ

½ĸ˴ĸĳ涼޲ΪϹŮȫŮȰˣһسȡ
ڹŮҪһ£½ĸ뾡ֲֹͷ⡣
ҵǣŮ۹Ҳһǲ׵ġ
䣬Ůֻ½ĸƤӵıҲһ㶼½ĸͷһžʹ˴Сӣӡ

ҵĴС飬½ĸڼŮǰѾö̽ˡӵĴϱϱ𻨡
ûӵϢ½ĸˣ
½ĸһȱð̣ϲ˼Цˡ½ĸֻǹŮȰ;ˣǿ¸ĸġ

ΪڶԼ֮ţ½ĸ֪ûԺʵ˺һ
½ĸɢ˼άԼˣԸһĶӣŮ϶ҲΪһӡ

½ܼ޳ѣ˵һɶɹġ
ҿĸŮ˵ͦġ

ĶӶ࣬ŮҲ˵ȴҲĹò̫
٣ִԣֻͨ½۸˵ķݣû½ﱻ۸ķݡ

½ĸһ졣
ûѹŮ޳ȥ½ĸ濴ԼŮһûûƤˣΪ͵ɶĽڶң͵ˣִ塣

½ĸ˻ԣִķҲ̯ϲŵĹŮ½ĸʵҲûָ̫ĵط
ƫ̻ϹŮһ£ԼŮΪ˴Ǻǻ½ĸƫҲ˵Ϲ½ĸеģٶҲ˺üͷ˶ľġ
˺½ĸѧ
ܹŮǳӹȥϱϱֻҪȥ˼ҵϻţˡ

ԴȷŮûɶ⣬½ĸͲٹע½żҵ
˻ðݾˣ½ĸȷʵûϵһ죬ԼĴӾȻܵǰˣ˸ңСõĹ˵ҪѼҸˣ
½ĸ

ϢֱӰ½ĸһ飬ĶӶһء
½ĸϵı鿰Ǿʷ׳ʡ

جģ
جģ

½ĸԺҲ֪ǲǲԸʵ飬־˺ðΣ˰ɣӵ׼ҪѼҷ𣿡
½ô𣿡
½ĸﵹԸ㲻һأ

½ĸ֪ǲ˵ģ̫̫Ǵסˡ
Ϊһ˿Ϊ֪ϣ½ĸǴ԰̫̫Ͻ£Ѹ÷Ը飬һؽϱǵϡ
ȷ϶ϱף½ĸŻŵʰȥҹŮ̽Ϣ١
ֻϧ˵ػעûɶýԡ

ص½ң½ĸ˪ӵģˣСĵͷһôõĬ
ǾǡѹּҰ



½ĸһʹļףŮԺզ
۵½

Ǹģʵֱ̫ף½ﱾ볶һЦӦίʵ
˰Σ½ջ̲סѧԭĿǣɶ⸱ԣ
⻰ʻã½ĸȻһҿﱦզô
ӵ½
յ½ֵܣأ

½ȫ½ĸֻûк޵̬ס½ĸûԼŵȻڹŮԿS˵룬һĳƲҵﱦԺûɵӸ¿ʹҪզ
½㱻ˮǺţ˵ɶȻ˵Ӳռ
һڹǵ⧲

½ĸ⻹ԭ½ĸģ½֪һ㣬Ų֪ηӦ
½ĸĨĨĵᣬȫ֪˹ŮΣԹԵ˵⺢Ӻﻹɶ˵ģԺû˿ʹɲ͵ӹȥҪ֪ǰڼûʲôػƫƫ˼Ժɶ¿϶Լˮϴ뵽抅еۡ
½ԭԸôģ

ͷһθܵɶдĸģ½ȴȻԼܲס۹ԭϰˡ
½εԸӡ

֮½Ͻ½ĸѧԭеı֣һ֪ң˼Ҳ˵ǽжⶼûиһǽ⻰ҲСһ㣬Ҫù⻹ˣּˣͷɽŮ˼ƳԺҪ˰æզ죿
ѣûֹԼϱϷⱾ£

תһ룬ѹǣ½⣬˵Ըһʱȷʵǲܱ̫졣
ϣѲǴʲô˼һģز廰ǰĸϱǰɶɲͱҪ֪ҴĺʵǻԺȥ鷳ǡԣŵĻǧ֪ȻԺ󲻴ˣզ
½˼黬ģֱΨΨФ

½ʵһЩ飬˵ĻֱܰƤƵġ
ͬڱӵϹŮ½ĸƫ۱й֮޲ѹû⻰жôҪ
Ҳǰڼڣĸ￴Ů⣬½ĸԼŮ˲һЩĵûɶëŮԼҹŮȷʵû˵ġ

½ĸûԼʵѱƫۣ˵ƫģĸɷµص˵ͷ˵öԣ˼ңǻֵܣϹͷɽ⻰ȷʵûˣ㻵ǵ£ǲ÷ŵĻûб
½ĸһƣ·浣ĹŮԺռ˱˵ıˣǿɾ
ʵּԺ½ҲǿԷ°һ¹ŮһӣŮռ˼ҵıˣʹӲԸȥռҵĶˡ

˻һģ½˿ŮԼĹŮ
ΪŹŮԲŲùŮˡ
Ҫ֪ʱ½ĸѹϱĲ˽ûʱ½ĸҲóûסԼı

ѶΪŮͶϱǵĹϵȳǰãҲЩֳ岻ݴǹԭ
ŮŮֻ£½ĸƫһԷ治ûԡ

ĸƺں˵Ļһ£Ѻ½ＫĬؽһۣͬʱû˵ŵĻ类˶
һԷ޶⻷裬ѾͷĹٶȻͱ˿
ʵϣ½ͷִ󷿵ѾͷЩŹֻ֣Ƿ޵ҲǼˣԷѡӶ

½ΪһӼƽϣȴΣյز[˲[ۣĵذסӣһѾ֮ĶȻĴ㡣
ѴͲСһˣѾǷʮһĺӡΪѲһˣԿĽǶȣȻͰȥ롣
Ѿûж⣬ȻᾮˮˮѾд㣬ѵҲη壬ΪԼֶαȲѾ

οϣѾռһıˡ
ڿѾ塣˵˵ֶΣϵڶǻû˸ϵһ
ԷԼҸˡ

ѵ˸˸˷ЦݴǱһ֣Ϊ֪Σ˼õıϡ




10.  Ѿ   ƺһ㡭಻塭

Ѿ˿ݣѾΪ˷ֵػصͷ
𻨡
𻨣ڴɩ淵ĶӣҲѾѾѾ
𻨣ǳ÷ĶƤҲѾѾ

ũͲŮŮѾʮ˵ٹܳޣҵȴѾѾĽţȫûȥһΪʽ֡
ɴ˿֪Ůûɶλԡ

ѾǴ󷿵ĵڶŮ淴־֪ŮĻУʱ޿̶ԼһٵС
ֻϧ첻Ը˵һٵУͷȫѾͷƬӡ
ϣ淶ļŮȷʵǴӲ򣬿»вٵľˣҲֻļɵӣŻῴڵնġ

ѾǾĵػѾϸĵĳ㣬ȴûԼúȻʧľٶ
Ѿ˳ݵĶãﻹں˵ͱչȥȻһҪˡ
ѾǾ涼ϸģһƾ֪һԸС

ȻһһڵǮѾô˵ҵĵһﱲϻЩأԴѾһСӡ
ˣѾԸᣬµη

ѾԸƺĵظıС
Ѿһй鹦ֻеϣûԼ仯һ

֪ˣҲȥ˵㊅ȷſֲ֣ܡѾһЩԸҲ֪ѾԼȥֻ÷ֺŵĶ´̽ʵ㣬֪ں˵Щʲô𣿡
ѾڵıһۣƺССǣһ㣬Ҳǽǽӡ

ˣ²
ѾһϸĵĹ˵⣬Ѿ֪һ㡣
Ϊѵǣ淶һ̬ȣѾͬһ
淶ͷεġ

ͬ¶ãѾʮѾǴ
˳ĽǶҲͲһˡ

Ȼʱǰ߶żҵĲף˶Ƶüڸɻ棬ûʲô
ѾȻòӦô룬ȴΪԼұ壬һЩС˾ǿࡣ
٣͵ʱ򣬿ɻںͷţǶҲ޶ȡ

ҵˣһˮɼŮǰ
Զ˼ңȻ³

ҲΪ˵ĲãҲͰʱŮ磬ѾͼüΣ͵Ǯҵľ
׻˵úãȼ
һӣ˶֪Ŀ

ѾһͨũҳĹ̫ĴԼһζҵΪƺǲ̫ȡ
ȻģûʸԳָֻţδ޵СǵýУȻ׾ͻ

Ѿü𣬻ѹ飬С𽥳毺Ͳһ
ǺŵʻͣѾŲ۵Ĵֲȹʣɵ̬ȻԺڣȻó淸ʤһ
αװѾ޶˸һĸоɱ淵װģǿ

ũŮ˵Ѿòǳġ
Ѿ̲סżʵ
ʶĶԴֲڵԼһźա

󷿵УѾĳɵġ
ȻѾҲ˵ˮƽýãѾǺÿġ
˾ײ㡣

Ѿûע⵽Ѿһʱʼע⵽ùӣʵˣղȥ
Ѿ۾ת·ڿʵʵ˵ĺãһɡ
ѾֵĹ̲סһǣʲôӣҲ˼Ц

Ŀ˴룬Ǹȴû߹⣬ѾŶһû̬üĵĳ̬ɢ룬еЩЦ
ȻѾȴǰӻõģѾֻлϲķݡϾһô㣬Ѿֱ仯ũʵһ¡
ֻһƺ«Ƶģĳһ棬ʵҲױ۸š

ʮĹܹܶ飬ǰԾûһֶӣܶñ˷䣬˾Լȫƫƫֻһˣһ̯ļȻǵ˰æĹŮѾ͵ʱԼĸס
Ӧ˵󷿵ǲԸѱѵڿӡ
ֻѾһθеĺô㣬ΪԼɿһЩüռ˴ϡ

Ϊһÿÿ붢ãСǰʱԼãԼĵط۸
öתӣڿ϶۸
벻֪ͷѾõԸ뷨һͷѾҲԸҲ뷨
뵽ãѾȻ估һƺڷܵΪ£һĸоȻ

ѾЩ弰ȣֻڴѪʲôϹͷɽѾǰҲܲ
ϱӣżҳʱүү̣ɾûһԸֻҪһǮ˾Ͳ£һЩȴԹۣ䳰ȷ
ÿ뵽Ѿ˫ۡ

ѾȴҲһ룬ǮһΣν²˵ѾֻһǮѣܹΣδβǮ
˭ҵǮǴģ˭ܰǮộ
䣬ǮԭΪǮѾΣ˶˵һ御

Ȼ˽ԶԼѾҲǮѰǰĶݸһǬ
Ѿֻһ뷨ǾٲҲӵ׵Щôôûģû˵
ܹһ䣬ѾǴĵ׺ҡ
һأѾҲȷʵظж

ǰ淾ͳںӵĶ߶ҪǴôԹôкӹ
Ѿûϣҹλأ˵ûе

ķһѹ˵Ҳ˵ñö࣬ҲֻһͶˣСֻ顣
мɻٵĪ塣
ʱԼϴԣҪӵȫҾֻܿ塣
Ѿֹ

úòãѾ˽ȴΪһжӵĿǣ岻һƿл²
뵽ѾһЩм粻磬ƫ˿ƿų£ǰ˭ɵӣ

ǰ廹ֹŹǲʵ
ԣѾΪûƫƫһӣΪţġ
飬ѾɹԼ׵ܵܣ˵ûܵܵԽǲڳ̫
⻰ҲѾŲѡ

ɺ㲻ٶˣүȴɰӻڴϣһ㶼û뵽󷿡
ζСܣԼ϶Ͳ䵽ǰĹ⾰
ûȺϺȵݣڷܸɵģϻСҲҪˣ˵ԺһһлϹˡ

δֻһúúһ飬Ǵ󷿵Ӻγûкӹ
˽գѾžͷҲһࡣ

ڿƺһ㡭಻壿
Ѿת˼ȦǰѸղ͵ĻϣѾѣʡԺ˻ԷǮ

Ѿ죬ߵ㣬Ҹղ͵ֻǴ˲ȥߵġ֪гȥһˣȻжݣǾȻͱ˵ԺûвǮ¿ʹ˵ԺĻҪҵңҪûõǰػ꣬˵ⲻǰǴ󷿵˵¿𣿡
ļٵģѾȷʵѾĻŵ΢΢˫ۣ˵

Ѿصص˵ͷȻ׶ģѲɴΪһ˵𣿡ǸɵģѲһֱΪǸõģ
ñֹѾҡҡͷôܻỳɊֻû뵽뷨
ѾȻɵġ

ѾҪúðѾӸŤ˹һԲñ˵ķ޶ˣŸպҵˣȴû뵽Сܲͷڵǡ



ķסһӣλû㲻ܰɹů
䣬½һɾ°ѷʰһ顣
ҵӹпɣԭļױֲŸľĹϵССľӺװѵĴСӣѿտġ

ҵӽö̫СĿǰһڶһӣʵ˵ǹȥ
ΪּҵĹϵס˵Ҳò·һ¡

ΪʾƽԭסǼҲ¹鵽ϵֵ£ֻ»صߵӣ϶ҲصǶӡ
˭Ҳ˵ƫˡ

һӼһӣסȥסȥҲж̹ΪԭĶ治١
ԭ沼ֱͦӣӶѣļױڴͷҲһĺá
Ǳ޲ɩܺԭļױȽϡ

ӣƷвٵĲϺʹ̵ĺǵģȴ󷿺ͶĶࡣ
һ죬ķܶġ
󷿵ӣ½ҽȥһΣŷӣȻ̸ֻǣ
½һԵ뵱ģûë

󷿶ͨˣ½ϻУǳȷǾˣҲôһôȹºģ
ҶȷʵƫĵģôҲÿµĴ½һ۾Ƴƺеè塣

½ֲǱģҡͷһԷģǾͲģ
ÿɶǹŮͷĹң˵ܶһԵ治֪Ǽٲ֪
½ҲǼö࣬˼ҾŮġ
˵ĺӣ½Ҳöģʡñ˵ǹúӡ

½ϲӵģѾͬķĵʱڡ
ʱ½Ҳ䣬ҳ궼ܶǵٺö⣬󷿵ĵ˾ûһ¡
üΣ½Ъ˼Ҳûдƨ
Ǹ˼ԼҵƤӹܺá

Ϊ˿ڲ٣Ϊסʣ½ֻߣӣúʰʰޡ
ñȽĻƣ½ʹѺǵıϴһ飬Ƿ޵̵ģϸǵѾϴһ飬Щӵıƺ֪Ƕûϴ
½⼸մϴ

ⱻкбϴɻũ˼Ҵ඼ô
һ굽ͷϴһض͵
½ԭͣ

Σϵߡ˱죬½һҲûзŹǱȲѣҲ׳ӵ
½ɲͨˡ
ˣܶͷ۵½ȴرʡˮϵߣˮĻʡ˺üˣϴϴһӵʱ䡣
û취Ҫϴϸһ㣬ͷҲûаõĶ

½Լˮ꼸ΣľͰͳ˺ںˮ˿ʵҪͷƤ顣
𿴷޵ľر𣬿½ΪһˮϵߣĺܺãͷαװҲֻڱϣʵ޶Ǹɸɾġ

һˣһš
ʵϣ½ë޼ġ

½һ򣬴ӼͰˮܹ֪ɵñ̸жôࡣ
ѵæɻһڿŮ˵Ļ
½һҲͷ˵˼ۡ

ʯˮũ˵̫գÿʮ춼ȥϲţ¿ǾˣȻ޿ɱһЩ⽨˼룬ĵطҲرĶࡣ
ȱ˵𴦣Լҵ沣͹½ͷۡ

½㳳ùˣҲʱ˷ͷһҲǶصĻ
ң߳ܺľһҲͨǿϼ

˱̸⣬ͷζϴĶȫ½﷭˳ҲԼұ˶ǵѡ
ƶũңһ굽ͷܾһѣҵӻԣϵƫģķĺȷʵҪࡣ

Ҫǵˣ½ﲻһʱ䣬ܰһӵĶϴһ顣
ˣ沰ţ̲סͷһ̧·ȷүǲǻ
½




11.  ˶   

һķһ㡣
ǰ߲¾ɵӣסȴ֪Ϊζ˹̹ĸо
ûס˲ãķˣɴûôϸذϾɨǹҲӦ¾Ӷࡣ

½ԭԷرԡ
˿̣һӵ㣬ԼĸоСϡѡ

ķӵ󣬵Ҳеġ
Ըĸĸɶ仯ӵôûо
Ȼһž;վţž;ŵȻ⼸˭֪Ǳðɾˡ

ղ˲ãڶģ֣СƨźȻΣС
ͷССˣҲֻ䡣

СΪӳԸһЩԵȴҲɫġ
ˣҲöһֱƫ̻ѡ
תתСҺ͵ܵץ˲֪˺֪˺ըԺˣʱСͨͨ̾

ũҵĺټȣ֪˺Ҳټζĺö
ҵĵӲǵ˸ϿҪӣ˾᲻ôִţԳԵĴһֱжԣ
ηּңÿֵôӣǵƴӡ

Сϲը֪˺
ȻֻϲĺӶһζ
СԹζϾ࣬ը֪˺˵ֵĿڸУζ˹̲סһ¡

ֶԵµİ˵Ǿġ
СѻǸ˵ĺӣֻռԱĸҵͷһ
Ҳֻǰżռռˡ
ȻҲÿζӦ˼ǿԷ඼ǽڼˣֲϵĴ˼ңǷȢϱŮһӣ

ٳҲҪһ߶ȡ
Ѷ
Сϰղ˵֮
䣬Щϱʡ͵ĵơ

ӾƫģҲ治ôɵȱҪɶɶĻٴļҵ׿ҲĲ
ʱץ֪˺˻Ǵ֦£Ҳÿζ红ӵԸ
СҲޣֻҪ䵽СӾˡ

С˾СѣСʦͨϾʱ˻ҪģһɲӵĶԡ
½һ۾ܿС쵰뷨
Щ˶ӣСĶӣǰͷԭޣССʹһһǰѲźۼʰ˼Ρ
뺢ӵĶǶ£½Ժͦ˼ġ
ȻԼ黬̶ȣԼѸʤһ

˶Ҫ׵
л
˵ĶӣòҪŪ˵

½˵ҲûУñüõüͲӣЩ޸ɫ
û½Ҳ⣬ܹ鲻ܱԭεġ
ԷȷʵǹķĺܳôҲһԺùš

½Լ׵ݣûаͻأ
˶ССԴȴ쳣飬½ﲻ֪ΪҲ˶Ū˼һҲչ
ڶɵ۵Ŀ⣬½ҲԭСץТģû⼸öӣȻССôТģҲ˷ǵһƬ˼Щ֪˺Ͳǿˡ
ֻ½һǰҲԥġ

СſڽصСƨһĳɹؾ䵽˱ϣǵ
Сʯ̲סԹһۡ
Сѣ˭ô
ԣûн

Сһľᣬһʧǧź޵İա
Сܺӣǳ⣬ܶ۳ĸ⣬Ҳ˵ߣȴҲ˳˳ˮ
ΨһģҲѺ½Բŵ׵СѵİԵԸ񣬻ڷΧڡ

ȻԲŵĵǰȻҲ治
ЩӣСѺȻܵԵĹעտʼСѻͦĵģȴǿһС
ΪյĽʱʱһѡ
ƽʱӱ棬ȴŹСѵζͱˡ

㻹ֻһӣСȴҲܵɶ޳ˣǰȻõԼģСȴ޲ðԼ
ΪɶĴ뷨

ķգСƨСӣǲ֪ġ
Ҫ˵СҲһ꣬ʵأôƿ롣
ɰСɳǾҪ˹ȥ߻ɵɵ𹦣ץ֪˺СҲаæͰӡ
СѡСʯӣܵܣ

½ֱͬϾֻСȣ·ʱһһΣ˿ʵ̲סĵ
½Ҳûչִĸĵ˼ȫµֻ̭ȺﺢӸúõ
½üͷ͵һһġ

⸱Сèĵԣϲǲź˵һǾԣȻŴæ鵹͵ȥץ֪˺
мĹϵ½ЩһҸҲûС
ӵһӵҪĨ͵ӣֱ׾١
׼ຢӶûļӣͱൽˮԡ

ˮˮʵȴ½͵͵ˮ
ʱķӣôƶ˳ۣ֪ϱϰߣΪ˲»Ūһˮס
ڹŴˮҲ׳ճֻʱͬһӾûϲơ

侮Ҫۣͨũ˵ͣˮҲھڵÿһǴλûеˮԴ
ڼһʧһǷ侮Ĵ㡣
Ĵ˼ңҲûˮá

ˮ
Ȼ۵ģΪٽˮԴһͰͰ̧ҲҪһʱܰһˮ
ҲҿҵĶӶ࣬ػ컻һÿֵ̧ˮһжĻҽڻȥ
ǰķ⸱˲ĵԡ

½ôôҪƤ
Ϊ˲Ҫϱ˵죬ͦԾȥӡ
Ҫֵ飬СüʶʶһϹ

½Ҳ֪ԼɷôŪ˵ġ
֮ķǳɹŪһˮףˮ׺ģҲķּҺƲ֮һ
һӵˮ̫ɹȺ½Ѹݵذºǵѣشϴϴ

ĴȻЩ˶ܲˡ
ҵһ㡭
ҵ۾ˮ
ҵĸ֫ѣ

ӵ۴еĳ½š
һŲ֪µƲƤСϴִ꣬ͷϵҶӱˮưã޵ģòǱҡ
ķһ
û취ﺢӵĹУǹ˼ĥ



СӺСѵһ׵÷
ûͷԵģûСѵò£Դƺ񼫶÷»С»ûôĴ
Ͼ½ۿޣʱһЩĶӸƭһƭһ׼

СϲС棬Сֲһģȫ֪֮һ󺰵ҪȥС档
÷ֱӴסӵӣһ˫۾Ǻɸֵصֵɣȥʲôȥˣʲôȥġ˵ôɵӣƭôȤͬǶӣôû˼ҵĴӡ

ֻռ˱˵ķݣ÷Ǽٱռˡ
ӵӿ϶
ȫ֪Լͷݺݵشһ磬ӣ֣ĸ˵һɣ

󲻽ѺɵѡղŲߵĴС˸硣
ҵϲ̰СˣЩ˴úܺúŪ϶ԷС̰УǴ̰ȴǲУȻҲͿ߶
Ҳǲӡ󲻽Լһ뷨ǾԸһ̫ԼǶൣһ㣬զ

ͬɵСӣ߸ߵؾͣС޲鲻Ҳͦϲ¾ͲСӲү̶СӴ
Ҫޣү̻㣿÷Сع棬ӵƽձְڸǰҲ÷뷨ԡ
ֻҪޣƷŸƨİɣ

÷˿̧СŵĶӣʼǲǸôʵࣿ
÷ת˼Ȧֻ˷ۣǺĵصУ㲻ȥɣȰϵĺ춹꣬ɲķ

÷Ҳһͦϸ
Ӧ˵һڳԵľ㲻ˡ
ʱĵײչ࣬ҲǴ˼ң뷨ĸĸ÷Ψһһ

СΨһܹڽӴޣ÷Ҳûԡ
һֱԼĶӣĸɲһʱѲɻʱʱֹ̿ȥķ
÷ĺܿ죬С¾֪ռǶıˡ

ֻҪһ뵽ϵĺ춹⣬ǽǮĻС÷ֻԼĿһһġ
Ϊ㲻Ǹ㣬һöһöͭǮ
ֻмǮĺ춹⣬÷ҲΪԵýѡ

÷ĶŮѾĨĨͣ˵ͷǰܵɵܰѺö˳ԣѺ춹ܻܵҳԡ
춹˵ҲûôóԣͷǷŵò࣬ڸмζƽƽǾϻҵǮøʡƿķãӵϸģҲûжɳԡ
춹ûɶʶĺӣѵõĺö

䣬ѾŮޣͨкöҲûɶķݡ
⵱ÿɽ÷ҲͦŵģкóԵĶ䵽ԼԼ˺Ͷӡ
ŮͨҪһÿһ顣

ǡý췢˴ƣ÷ͷգ춹⣬ѾҲֻпûгԵķݡ
ƫƫѾ÷ķ档
ѾͷҲһֲŮޣֻҪкóԵǰǾǰҲ¡
Ѿһġ

ȻΪ÷Ҳǲضãɶԣһ굽ͷҲԲֺöǳԻԼԡ
ѾȻٰġ

÷ü۲̧·ҲԼ᲻ŮΪ÷ԲΨһǰԼŮƤǵĶԵ٣ϴֻؤһЩ
عһԼûǰӣ÷ûԼдҵĹŮǺġ

ôҲûôģóԺúûУҲûйĥˡ
Щĵģһ¾ͰѹŮˡ
ȽϻãһȽԼǾ

÷Ҳ͸ֱ׳Ҳ֊ƫģ˭ЊޣһƴŮ޾û޽Ҫֻܹ֊Ͷ̥ôﻹܰъһЩ⣬ȥһƊһЩСãһݵúͣⶼ

Сɵӣûֵͣ˲մмͣرֱػףǲ𣿡
ѾܹܵȻɵġ
÷ȻջǽĻһծ




12.     ӹҲ̫ûûζ˰ɡ

Ѿٵһ²ոļڡ
ʳȷʵѾԵԼϣԷּҵͷһϣȻ÷ֿ
ûϣϵķһӽá

ӵûϹϱβ˵ϲֲζģҲûɶÿصҪһһãһöУ׼ң˭󶼵üǵͨͨɾ

÷ּˣĹһʱҲǸĲ˵ģϰԵֺһЦȻģԸǾѾܲĻȥʰƺ󡣡
˵Ưˣ˭˭

ͬҲûΪϱıָ߿һۣһۣ֪ͺã⻰˵˳ɾҪ˵
ûϱڵ£ȻҲ֪÷ԡ
˵䲻ʵӸղŵľ棬ʵҪԶϱĶϱ˵ġ

ϱͲڿģôһ£Ȼѻǵÿӣ
˼ֻûѻ˵ô׶ѡ

淵ڿģƺ϶ܹãʹ޵ľϴҵģȻϱûȻ̧ϡ
ͶԹ

ڣϱˣûûָʲô
ƫûǰҲûϴλãԴһԺǳװʶҲ
ͷӣǱϣ

ӿɱϰ鿴øһЩ
˼ҼȻΪ¶ˮܹӣ̫Ϲʲôģ
ܣΪ̫ʵڲǴԼӵġ

ӶԼһֱ֮š
֮ƫۣΪΪкġ
ϴֻˣûģ
ϱȫһ뵱˭һʺһγ

ӵ˼˺ü䣬ȴûиϱȻ÷ûֺõӣȴǿһ
÷Ǵڣ½ﵹûֻ
Ȼ÷ȻԼҲ̫⣬һûϱֳ

½лɩĳһҲǸ˲š
Ƥ񰡣

˵÷ǸƤģɩȻûñ£ͬѧ÷һТģ͵ûԵĻԺһ𡣡
벻֪ƤҲãһҲԸͻصˣȻûǸľͲҪ˵ֿ׻һûеȱϊһڷĵزڷּҲ犅ԸҲ̬

ڶôô
Ҫ˵ղʱɲһ㶯ҲûУ֪̫ѷˣϱĻȻôôα

ӿɲϱţûаƵۡ
һǮΣһֱϴϱЩﲻһ
϶ϱǵһױһ׵ģҲʲôϲ̨ϣûƫƫĵֱ׳

ʵ֤ӵ۹ͷӺãϴϱһؼġ
ϴ󶼸ϱߥ޵ûаТġ

Ӷϰ鲻һЩԹһֱҾ˰ǰ뷨ϱӻҡ
ǰʱ򣬾Ͳð£ҲͷϹۣ˷ôõĻᡣ
һƣڲУ˲Ͷ

ߥԼ˷ּң⻹һϱ
ӵһ

Ը˳۵ˣǺԥġǺʵ添һ˵ֻȴûϵӻֱӾͽ˼
ǰҲʱ֣ǹǵ淵ĳϱݣֻĽһ㲻ϱǰϱû
ڵȻŴûˡ

ǰʧӣȻίҲʹɫ
ΪТЩ添еС֪Ҫһ£̲סһ˿ίûô롣
һͷذ˰֣һסֲϴһס۾Ĵ

˻ᷳľڳһſɥ
ǳòܲס˵⣬ʱһܾίСϱģ
ô꣬淵ĵùٶĸɫҲҪɢȥ١

˼Ҫ룬ϴϱһϱģ߱ôĥ
ӿûˣǰαТһָͨ
ϴ󲻾ΪҪּҵ
˼һǶָ̫ſ̱ϱ

Ȼ˼ҶˣҲ͸ҪһúúõģǊͼϵģȻڳһűɥǸ˭
ռűݵƣ˫һ棬Ǻѹ
ϱĳ棬һһ氤

ɩ淺Ծ·һ½ڿýζͬʱ۵׵ͬȴһš
ǷּˣżǺ޿ɲһ¡
䣬ˣ½Ҳ˴ɩԸ񣬳Ժӻ쳣ǿӲȴųУӵĶ֣

ǲܶãűǾпܷ飬½һҲմ鷳
ңֻйɶ˴ɩҲһơ

ӵȻʮ꣬ŵƢǿӲҪǿģ˿ϲʾƽػȫ˺
Ĳͣӵĵʵûȥǰǿֻӣ⹫壬½һ۾Ƴһ⡣
ǰ½ѧҽģûаҲܿһЩ⡣

ǰøҩݣ½ɽҵġ
ȻθܹһЩʹ
ò˵½ûѿ˳۵һѹؿһ˲ɢ˲١

֮֡
ɵĻ˵˲ֻûŵ沵氤ⲻ֮ʲô

Ӳ淵̬ȣװ׵ذ˳˴ɩڷּԺ󣬹ûɶӵĸǰա
ʧӺӣȻûɶҲ͹÷½Ŷһ²һ£½Ȱ÷á
ʵҪȻش½Ҳһġ

һȻҪҲûкô
ǾɶԵģ˶ſ
深ӺһԾʧ棬ش󷿵ķһʱ϶
Ǳ½ˣ½ڵڶ˳λҲ޿޲ɡ

÷˵һȻǵⲻУǡǼ򵥵У˲׷֮⣬ֻһ̳ǣԼһǺȻǸմԺ
⳴ǣ˵ǳҲǺѣΪⶹǷȥҲֻмΡ
ûֻмΣ

½ۼɩξ֣ͣ÷¶һ۵ı顣
˵ˣ˼ˮһЩΰͣɩԳζĶҲûС½ΰͷŵƺЩ٣÷ȴҲǰ㶼⡣
½Ȼ÷

½˳ǣɩƽû뵽һּҵͦùӡ
ֻǡӹҲ̫ûûζ˰ɣ

Ժ˶⣬ʵкüĴˣɩ۷ֵͲ࣬Բֻժ
˵رϾһʱû취ѣ˵صķ䣬ȻȥժԣֻҪҪ̫ݣӶġ
ϾҪһӣҵĲ˵Ҳ̫С

¿ֲˣҲҪкóһεʱ䡣
⿿ʳȷʵǶˣôܲԲˣ

½ժˡ̦ǣ⻹ǰ͵͵ɽɵһЩĢòˡĢǡ˳ĭԼ̦½׼Ȼ½ͷģȻŸշּң½ɸҲΪ֮
Щɫ½ĩǰı׼ǻǲôĩԺ󣬼ϹŴũ⻹ǲ

٣ú벻ã˶ӵĶ֪½ûǲġ

ӵСҪ棬Сѳһ㣬ΪһȽϴĺӣĻ龢Ҳܵܿɱȡ˻ֻųԣСȴѾӦһɻ֣˵ɶʱôã
½˶ǿԵġ

Ҳ㱻Ǻ½ۼֿȰ˹ȥȻձôá
ֵܣ

½ԭĸԣºŪѧżƷ˵û취ⲻ˵ջ̫ãԺϵĻƶӹһ뵽ΪһָͷҲԸ̧ⲻʱѷ˻ˣ˭Ҳҽ

ϻ˼ɻ
ЩܳϸɻʱʱزЩö
ԭΪ˺ͺܳ裬ҸʱʱķЩö

𿴵ûּңţȴҲרŰѳֹҵĶڸҰ͵ĶǾȻľٿܻӣϾϱҵĲ
ΪʱСԭϵĻûаȤ

Ӷʳÿɽ͵һЩʳǵ춼ס
ңΪҵز٣Բ˷ܲﻹΪһӲٳֶƤӵƣԭҲȷʵ᲻

½֪ôܷһΪͳ˶Ƴȥ
ֵܣȷ
ѣϱķӦ졣
½СģΪѵһôôϲȻһ㶼ɫ

Сһᡣ
ȷʵΪ˶伫ѷ˹ѳһ㣬ʲôϡ飬СٻҲŰ꣬ﻻоɶ




13.  ĳŵ   ܹ鶼Ǻúӡ

һֻ˶ӳ˸㣬½Ѷġ

ûּǰļ죬÷˼ǰ˷ġ
ˣȻӡ
Ѻ˶ӻãǰߺôϵµ⣬߶ӣֻᵣǶţԸķġ

½ϱʵŴġ
Ͼ½ĶƤֱӾ͸ӡҵͰŴҲֻܱϱķ֮һķ˺ӻϲ١

Ϊһߣ½ʳʵȳ˻Ҫ
ӸķǳԲ̫
ʵֻѵʳ½Ҫ󡣵Ϊ˱˲ԣ˯֮͵͵ɽȥ

ڵһΪ˵˲˵ģ½Ҳֻ˵ķȻ˵ķʮʮıƵģԲҷּǰķܱȵġ
ˣ½ҲֻɵıС
ǰĳɱУġ

ʵ֤½ȷġ
˶ӳСĻ̫£ġ

СʯӾһûม
ǰСͬ˵ͷС·Űգû뵽ҾȻԲ
½Щ˶ӵĹ۲ϸ

ת˼䣬½Ҳ˵Ǻ̿ɶǽЩС쵰ɲǽûԣһֱôܳԣⲻǼʳһЩҪٶһЩҲһ˴𲻴Ӧ

һסһ𣬿ĿİģСӴ಻£Ҳǲ֪˵ĶԹԹ
ǶĲԼﲻԸСѺСʯӻһġ
СӶģСӾûֵܻ飬÷ҲһֱԼĶȥķ档

÷ķԭ޵ûֹ
ϾСѺСʯӵֻп˵ķݣԲᱻ˿ӣԷͦԼĶȥˡ

ֵܲǵһУǶϷȥ
С⣬Լ֪ﲢûļƽϣֻϱﲻסرԹˡ

½ﲻӵ뷨ϼڷ˼ңԺģôԶ˵
ȻǼƷ˶ûᣬССϾʹһ˿ΣҶ֪ǰŶӣ֪ҾͰԼķһЩԡ
ССƶǶغҪ

Сʯû˵ϵĶҲͦ˼ģֻʣ²˹
½ﻹûĸжѸپͱӼɧĲˡ
۽ǳ˳飬ղһӷƵɨкóԵģǰ඼ûС

ܹ鶼Ǻúӣ½ﻹͦ˵ġ
СֵܱǷΣܺ뻵Ȼ̯ˣôðЩȻӵĸԶǺõģ½ﻹǲ˼ĵϲ

ĩˣƹ治˵ٵġ
һӣҲֻоķݡ
ΪһڳԵĶĺӣ޼ù࣬ӿɲֻɰѣ˼ǴҲСġ

Сֵܣ½ȷʵֻΡ
ڣЩ˶ӵТģΪĸ׵½ƺһѪظС
½ô˵ΪúΣΪ޵ķ̳¡

Ӿ͸к½˰֣һΪ˵ҪЩûĵҿͶڲ֪ĸ깡˵˵ȥ׵ң֪͵͵ҳȥҺóԵģȻӾǲԼ˿ɿ

⻰治˵ٵģԭԭɷʱȥͷԺõģӴû
˴˵ĸҲȷʵõƵġ

½Ĭã½Ļһ˵꣬ѾתͷΪϵؽӵǵȻģӾծģ֪˱ȽϺ˰ɣղŊСӼвˣҵɶûУ
½Լ˾ԲװģڳԴˡ

ѵƽ½Сͺʶôͷӵһ˿Թ
½ﲻ𪵫ټõ΢΢Ⱦ졣
ûذһۣⶼ˻ͺӼƽϣ

б޵Ũü
ıԶ׼˿ͲԼоа㲻ԡ
ԴӶ⼸ƿ½񶼵÷ֳȥ룬ռǿˣ̵ڲ˵Ѿǿƺܶˡ

һһµСӻ¶кӾ;ûۿˡ
ˣ

һСѵľȻûˣС˾һ𾪣ƺĻʶͺǾȻ͵͵ȥԺö
ղŷֵǵľٶ½ֻܹһѣ¶ΪȻı飺ȻǣҲȥܳԵĺöҪһ𣿡
СѡСʯӣ׵ģ

ȻӶ׽ģȻ͵ԣⲻǶԾһýڣ⵱ľûֺ¡
װ׵ǴĿ⣬׵塣
ѣ

½ҪﲻסҪƹЦ
Ѻһۣһ˫üõü㶼û׸еôСҪ췴ɣ
Ϊ׵Ĵûаָ׵ϣСһҲµֱӿߵôֻдȥԺõģ
Сʯӵ˵ͷͬ˺ǰƽ

ƽɶһΪֲǣֵܳԵãǲȻ𣿡
СҲ̣ǵôһ㶼ˣ
СѴСܳ裬Ϊ˼˰Ӱ԰벻ֻ֪ڣõ׵ɧظף۹ȺСֲСްһƤʵĺܣʲô۵ģ

Сһҭ
ҲֳŲСʯѸٱ졣

ֵܲ뻹ãһ뻹ûɶ׵ĺӡÿμ桭׵ƺΪƭԵģ
ԭǶû۵С

һ׵һ㶼û߯ǲ׵ģһҪѶӸŪޣ½СһܴģʵĲ̣ĵȿȣǵǵǵģֻһ˼϶ѡ
⻰һŶȾͲߣСӶһɡ
½ƨĲͦصģ

ѵͬ͸¶Ϸʵζ½ﲻòһҡ

̯ⲻøĸ½ô죿ȻֻӲǺǵƤӱҲţǰǣǿ̫Сûšûּǰô̶ǣʲôóԵģһݸǣҲҺԼȥСڷּˣﵱȻԼȥ͵ԣ˵ǰˣǵ͵͵ңǲҪǴɽһȥץһҰζ

½xµغߡ
ӹӵ˳֣Ϊ˸һ׵ĺ裬½ѹذζȥףŪ޺ӵĳë
ѳͰǱˣû뵽ӶŹⲻŵģ½ȺֺЦ

½ڶԸӣЩ׼⼸˶ӵԸСѺСʯӹȻ̾Ͳ˴ǻȻһҪɽץҰζļٵģ
½˵ͷӦü죺Ȼʱ˵ٻˣ
֪һ˸߲ҵı飬һͱɫ

½ˣǱ˵Ĺ




14.  ķĴ   ѵһƿ˼ܡ

զСٻ飬ҪŪǲѵġ
׵۲۵类Ժ󣬾Сѻǲ̫ĵضǿɴӦˣ˿Ҫ˵㻰С˵ʲôһŵǧǿɲܿСƭǡ

½ЦСƨһ֪ɶоһŵǧ𣿡
СͦͦСţǵȻģСɽҲ֣ҿɶǵá

ӶԴӵϲȫѷСӣСҲͦ׽رƫ̣ΪʱһӶԶ˵ϲСΪʶһΪ˲顣
ʵϣͷĶҲȷʵ˲ġ

½ſŰټյСѣװԹԣû뵽һһǡ
Сӣһ⣺ǣСҲ˵ѧĺá
ĸоغãСѲһЩƮƮȻ

СʯӿܿߴεģһҲʲôҲᣬСҲн̹ңŵĻҲһģǮ
һǳɵ˴ݣСʯӻعͷƵظһͬСը˷ΣֻԼˡ

СһĻ½ڴӵͷڴǰֹˣҪеȣܡ
ƤСӾǲʡĵģһԲϾܡ
ȻҲû˺ԶӣСʯҲһҲ磬ӶǺģû뵽Ӷôвŵģҵĺ뱲ǲóˡ

һ䣬СʯҲˡ
½һжģò˵ɹȡõ˶ӡ
СѶǰ˵⵵¡

벻֪ѺȻĵؿڵϱǲˣ⿿һЩСܲͷ翿˻ʵһ㡣
½ˣʵ˶ӣĸŶԣ

Сܵó۲ûԭһӾע⵽׵ԣֻϧͻ̫Сû׼׵˼ЦģԺ϶Ҳġ
СһΪǵĵԺû

ѵüһ½ͺȻеͷۣԼʲôëܲ
Ϊ˱һûţһСľͳ˵ͱĻǰͷЦúӣǰƤû뵽ôС;֪ҪТ˳ûöӣҲһ˵Ķ˵ˡ
ȻһݺݵۣѸپñſڵѱ졣

ģǷģɾһ㶼ûᡣ
½ϲֶµĺӣֲӻ⺢ӷŵļۣԭ򸾲֣ȻúӶġ
ֻ˵ԭԷã

ҲûҪϱ˼ĵɨһ¾ͱϱŽĶӣƲƲ졣
ӵǾԣȻ֪Լϱ
ȷʵǴˣԴƾնƿ˵ƿռ½עܲ

һ飬˶ҲзݣעѲˡ
ӿûҪ׵ɽ棬СȲؾʣɶʱпմɽ

ɶȫûúӲ׵Ҳо顣
Ӧ˵ԭԷֻԼ˴ˣǼȥܡô࣬Ѳɻ
ɶҵĸ

ĶǶӣ֪˵Ըԭ޻ֻǰСҪι̣ӵһԺȫֽšʱ䣬ΪѺ½ĵ븸ĸദʱࡣ
Ȼүۣ븸ĸĸоǲһºȻ˹ЩϰߣǺʵǸ˾Ӷࡣ

䣬ӣ˵һֵעǣʵ˭ϲСʯҲע
ֵܻû½ɽڴţ׵ôƶЩ̫ס

СѵӼΪʹϼûίҲûޣû׼ͰͷһƳֱӳ½״Ҫ˵㻰ǴӦˡ
ѣ

½еЦС˾飬Ѷ̲ס߿һۡ
˵ӵ۾ѩģ⻰ȷмֵ֪ϱ

һȷʵЩô
Ʋϱ⣬΢۲׽һĨͣԲųСССһﶼͷóҲֻ˳Щ˶ӵԸ
һ󣬲˹УȺɣٴȺСȥɽϻһȦһȥҴ峤լأտɲС

Сʯͬ仰ѣ׵˼ͷʵլأҪ·𣿡
Сѵɴۣ·
ѵ˵ͷȻǰһٹ궼ˣܲһֱ˯ʲô

ʵϣͰѴСܲͷĲҪҪ˭÷ӣȻЩƿӳǵķ޷
Ȼͬߥ޴ӣҪ飬ȴûһѵľ
ȻҲĳ˽Եʡ

СѾһͦı飺ȥĻǲǾͲܺүүסһˣ
ǾϻȻеӶۣ۵ĻǴСѡ
ƫӣСȻҲĽ֮飬Сһ᲻˼ҡ

Сʯȴ˵ɵⲻȻլأȻͷǷסΧûжլˡ
ү̺ܺãСʯӻǸϲһЩرغá

ΪҵĵСʯٱҲ޵ģϾǰͷӶѾĳһѾϡˡ
ү̸ش磬ֵܣһƫҲûС
СӶеģӲǲãСʯӺ糳ܣ˼ʶάĶǴ磬СһżҲͦίġ

ǰСʯҲǶమ͵һΪﲻƫģҲ治ӡСʯҲӲģ㲻ûϵҲ㡣뷨ģСʯ⣬СѻҲһ㡣СһЩռųλãͷϵ˶ǱȽϿصġĳһСѲ̫ȱ

СʯӺʹ粻һȻÆһ㣬õĹעСʯӲ֪ΪλǸеرؿġ
䣬ﶼ佱ˡ
Сʯӳôɴû˿ټΣȴ̲ס˼֡

СʯӶڸǷȥûκ
ʱĴСѣƽԸòЩԥ

ҵķӸ˺üʮ꣬ϵֶ࣬ΧܸǷĵȷʵͱռˣµլأ϶լһεľ롣
СѵСɵþһţûǶȥĻү̲û𣿡

⻹һͦТ˳ĺӡ
½ϲܱƷµĺӣЦЦһý飺û£·ȥ㻹ǿү̵ġ

½ﻹԸⷢؿοһ±˴ӣ̵ĵȴû˼һϬĶ˳͵ȥҲûʲôôͬһӣСʱӻһ飬浱ãҪү̵ĻǾһˣɲҪֻ˵һ˵ȻɰϹү㵽ô󡣡

½Խ飬һָأôӲ˼תơ
СôطŲأҿ϶ү̣

Сڵŭ׵׵ӵһƬģƺһ񼫵顣
ϧצСӣʨǺɱ֮

ѾһҲûѶӵջһǷΪǷ˵ôϣ˵
СӶĳ򣺡ҵȻ˵㻰
ò˵ôһ׵ڣʲôᶼѸûУΪģ

½ҪլصĴ㣬ҲȷʵΪСжϡ
վܰݱһӰɣ

ŰȥĻᣬԺԸ񽥽˱仯Ҳֻ龿ڷּҵĹϵ
ΪҪԼСңʲô仯Ҳ൱Ȼ
ѵһƿ˼ȫġ




15.  򷢳ȥ   Щġ

ڶ峿Ѻ½Ϊ˲裬ķվˣ½ʱ򣬼ϵķˡ
½Ҳ⣬û˶ƣһЩ

ΪڻûǷϲŸշּң½ҲûʲôöֱֻеԵġ
Ϻһͬڲ԰ժˡ
ժĲ˲ֻʶһڣֻҪҪ̹ͣҲƿصĺãʵĳʱ߻ͦóԵġ

ѿ²˳һ̣Ļƹװһ̣ӱ
緹򵥣ȴؿɿڣ½մӼҳ˾ܿߡ

𿴶Ұũ峣ĲʽŮϵ£׵Ҳڶѡ
ȻҲ̫ŵĹϵ
ν׵İѹǽһϸÿ춼й涨˭ҲҷſֽŵʹʡһСѵ
ӵˣ˵Ҳ⵹Ҳܹһ
ʱϣʵ治̫ˡ

һһЩٻܼͺ״׵Ӱ
Ĵ˼ңɾֻĵΰͰͷ
һ˼ңʱһͲͶΰͣʱ򻹿ܹˮһ¾¡
ɴ˿ɼʱΰȷʵͦġ

Һųõ淣½ĿζʵҲͨѡ
ǰܱȫ׷½뷨ֻϲֲִȨյĻɩ÷һģϲ͵͵ؾˣƽҲͱԭһѣǽвզԭýˣսպΪ棬һˡ

ӵǿҲϱôҷһܼ

ԭɶöҲʵΪƹһӵĵˣ֪ƽˡԣÿֵԭҪԳơĹȻٵٵ⣬ѳԡ

϶ϱ³ĶһӵĶƤӡ
ٹƽһЩʱ򣬼ķ˻Ƕɩȥ׼ġ
ʱҲǼٷŵϵģһЩΰ;£Ψһȡǣɩץȷʵǡô

½Զ˼ҡ
ͺ״׼õǣǵȥϲ򵽵ľ
ɵˣ

½һ˶ܴӼ估ּҵ죬˽һӵĵԡ
˱Ҫ󣬿ĳ벻ԡ϶νˡ

½ԭ˵һӵˡ
ԴӾǮһϦ֮˷ֽٺûԷҪ
ǰûּʱȻ˼ɶǳɶϾάԭ衣

ڵԼ½ѶίԼˡ
ǰûˣȻôô
Էּҵ磬Ѿ½ķԸνǶ׼ȫ
ϾΨһзֵֵľֻκͣɾֵҲǺܶ࣬ǰƴչӻ֮һ

½ﳴĲˣͲʡҲǴ;ͺóԣȳöѿ²ɢ͵㣬Լ˵
Ļƹôסǡ⡢ɵĵհȣǱҲǺգʵҲ˵²˼ǻĿơ

յ̣ԼһûκεĲ⣬ССƤһźǰȻôóԵġ
˵仰ʱСʯرͬ磬С۾ֱӰԹƳ
Сֻ׶ıغ棬ͬѧŶģ
½
Сǣ첻Ϸ

ʵϣ½ҲΪƨˣǰۣǰСӶ򷢳ȥ档
Ȼһ棬ȫûûĵؾܸûӰ

СӶӰѱִڸеʱ͵ˣԴӺͶͬһӣ׽ӾͲˡ
䣬ϱԱ˶ǵĹעȻԶʤɷģ벻̣

Ϊ˶صλһһؾҪߣӣҾ˵ЩӶҿɿɣ
֪½ﵹǰ߻صϣȴɫ˵ҪҪҲһȥ
ѣ



ѱȰϱʰ̣½ȴᣬ˼Ƥӵ£ñ˵ĶԼˢ룿
½ôȱ

ϱս½ûپһεĴ㡣
ңһ֣

ӵս½еؼʶһܵҪϾȻҲһ䣬һ²һ¡ҾûôΧȴסŲʡĵ沣˰æˢʲôģ½ﲢʲô˿۾¡

½ش򷢵ѣЩԼɣ㲻ҪȥҴ峤ʱá
ʱҲ֪½ﲻԼֵԭˡ
ֻǣ˭ϱ˭ۣ½Сܸɲű˵ЩũҪü£½￴ҲСһѻۡ

ĩǰһƬҵΪĻҪԼϱӣֻҪڼַſڣû뵽ĩһ󣬼һصǰ˵ҪԿʲ˶ס
ڵܳԿʲˣãű˿ӣһжŹ
ֻ˵˶̰ĵġ

һãѾοʼҪôڡ
½ﲻ֪Լ˵Ĵ㣬ûжٴߴٵ㻹ǸϽȥæİɣһЩѣҲöʱܽˡ
˵꣬˻ظͰ˸ϳš

½ƺЩ¡
½Ķ̫ɴ䣬ӣ²֪ϱ뷨ҲԼܴĸо
ЩĵȥҴ峤լȥ



ʯˮĴ峤ʯ
ʯʯˮǴգʯĴ˿һҲϡ
ЩǨƽͬʯһĸȴһֱʯˮ塣
ˣ˵һЩ

Ҳʯˮһϴ峤һ˳ʯˮ尲
ԣһ˭Դ峤һңǶٿ

ϴ峤ѾλˣλѡҲǺ޹ϵ
εĴ峤ϴ峤ӣһҲǶϳɵӣʵλҲһʵˡ

ʯˮķܾǰ峤ͷ
ųʵԲԵһˣñĿǰı˴硣
ʯҴ峤ˣ˼ҵӺͳ඼ر˷

һˣѵͦϲ򽻵ġ
һ˫Ҳ뵽ʲô΢΢˸˼¡




16.  峤   Сӵڴסء

ʱɣſڲԶˣһűȴ຺ûӢͦ٣øеЦݣˣ㻹ûǻ̫ˣ

ʯˮĴ峤ʯ
δ峤Ѿĸͷˣվûϴ峤ϡ
Ϊ˴ͦģΪСһϳɵҲ˭ͷȵע⵽ʱһڿĽл

ڽлԼʯ£Ȼͷһһ˭ͽңû뵽Сӡ

ѵαװıǰùˡ
ͬһӣѴСڵҲǲ̫ʡġ

ʯͲһ
ﶼͬһӣСʱȻҲ浽һȥ
ʯСӾʵģ꿴ϣСʱͶùƭҲѹʯ峤ôѶһˡ

ʯ峤ڴ˸ţʵ˱Ժһѣüͷ̲סֵľġ
ѹ̬ȣʯ峤ʺãʵɽ䱸ء

ڣǼ鼴
峤ϻ

Ѷ˶٣ڹ۲˵ôûʯ峤
ȵѼ⣬ѵıһ˿΢ĪԼԭܻܺġ
ʯ峤òǡˣ

ѽûҪʯ˼ƫƫʯ峤̬ôƵģĿкģһ¡

ˣѱֲǶӣȻû̬ɵǰⲻҪڴӣⲻˡ
أʯ峤ĵطԭذ
ƫƫѵڳˣرϲֳ顣

峤ףȴǿٽӵȻⲻǼŸշּ𣿱ϾҼСӣӣЩСӿһؼ糤Ƿ£һ䣬ܲһֱǷͬһӰɣ
ϵǺΡ

һѣʯ峤ѻô˼޵ԭǾѵϱ̫ˣһǴѵĶӣ˭ĽҪ֪ʯ峤ϱͷһ̥ҲǹŮ׵һ㣬ﻰﻰȴһЩޡ

һǰʯ峤Ҳǹ˺óһⲻ˵ӡ
һϱһһⲻˣһҲȲѵĴ⡣
ƽȱðݵļһӾȻ˳˳ˮôܲ˺ޣ

ǲˣѾּˡ¹ܸ̾첻ʯ峤»ܲ˽ģ˵ͷӵĻȷʵøϽӣȻСͷɵԸٶӶ

ûּǰԼ˽ӡ
ϱӣԼҺũʱö̹һ㶼乫
ȥ̹඼ǹϵõͬһȥԭҲζֻ̹һһҸǮƣһ벻˵⣬Ҳܻ߰˰ˡ
ö֮Ҳ͸˴ִŵӡ

ҲƱ磬Ӧ˵˶ѽҺˣﷴ˳ƶΪ
ɷµػص˵ԣһ͵һСӾͰѸյֵӸˡôһӣôҲôŵӻϣҾϽȡ
ʯ峤޿κΣ˵˵㻹ľӦˡ

ʯ峤ԣ˼ұΪ˴Ȥ˵⻰û뵽ѻľˣѵ̬Ȼر̹Ͳûֱͷϵ֣ϽǮС
֮ܶ˻ǲŵġ

ƤЦñƷͷһɵؼӵⲻǴﶼһ鳤ģ˭֪˭Ҫӣҿ϶ҲȹԼ⵱˵ľǲףСڣôҲΪǿǿǡ

ˣСӾҫ
ʯ峤ѹΪ￼ֹûʵĻѻĵֲԼڿֻһӣ治ǹ̼ˣ

ʯ峤ٿǷû˵ɣȻڴأӦпõĵطֻϽ꣬ϽͰ˴ߡ
һ㲻ñӰۣȷʵƺ˵طҲÿظǷҲûɶر𽲾ġ



ʯ峤Ƥܾãػһ䣬ȵˣһֱûŵʯųŵղýżҵˣ
ʯ峤˵ͷǰǊýżҵӡ
ԭӰأ½࣬ʯȴҲӡ̣ǲ֪ʲô

ʯϲʵʲô
ʯ峤ʵ˵Ϊ𷿣ԵҰЩ顣
ȷʵҪ峤æʲô飬ѲΨһһ

ԭ𷿣Ҳѹֻ㡣ʯϵ˵ͷһȻ
ʯ÷ͬһ֧ģ˫үүֵܣΪʯϵүүȥߵĸ鲢ܡ

ʯϵұ÷һҪԣ˼ͬһ޽ʯˮ壬ʹ˫ԭûʱȵ˼ܰһ˵죬лܻĵºۼ
ңԼ޵żң˫ţʯռϷ硣û뵽ýżһּңǻռϷ磬ʮӣԼôء˵ʯĽӶûﲻĽġ

ʯϵżҿɻûּңΪҵСҲûס
ңˣҲһּңҪѹסҲּҡ
Ǵĳ̬
ļҵϱûԼ

ʯǺɷһʵˣʲô˵ʲôˣΪĽҲʹϼ˼żƽʱû뵽ǵļҵ׻ͦʵģýҲǿྡˡ

ȫøʯһֱýţ϶ӹòǺģ˽һֱͦͬýġ
ȴû뵽һּңǴһƵġ

˭Ҳû뵽ýĹŲֻ󷽣һܲƫеġ
Ҫ֪ƫˣڷּҵܲ˽ĵģָ
ʯ϶ȷԼҵĹŻ᲻ƫġ

ӵ飬˾֪
ﶼ֪ƫô벻֪ʯҲһܳӡ
Ǽﻹ游ţŲ̫֣ʯƫ۵ûһ˳ȥ

ʯĸм游Ͳ˵ӹٽ׳һЩ
ΪССʱͬƫ̫游Դ˹ǰǰֱӸںӳ׻˸ǰ˹ŵֱӾͰѺӸץ
ʵ֤ΪȷС岻ֻĵǰĶϰڶҲģʯһںô

ؼʱ̣˭Ĺźû
ʯϵȷʵЩζӳ¡

𣿡ʯ峤ɲԼϱС˼ɫǲΪ⣺ǼҵرϾҵ׺ʵӦõ𣿡
˵仰ʱʯ峤˶ۡ
ΪʯҵļҵҲǲѷڶԷġ
ֻǣŮ˵˼ּҺõĶ͹еĶһ

ʯԼֱӣһƶȥ룬Ҳ˵ʲô˳Ż⣬ɷл
̵ĸߵͣʯϾ˦÷ýü֡



һͷ峤ƽ͵̸𷿣Ϊˣһͷ֪£˵һ״¶Ϊ
ڵӣڰӷ첹ѵ½еĻȻжϡ

ʢŭţ⿴ɫ֪ԷŴС
½²֪ǵӣ̬ûʶģٿг˵£
½ȰַŵһԣǻȻʵôˣ

ӳ˳Ӳǣûش½ĻƵػʣ˵ȥҴ峤լˣ
һ仰ö˵½֪ɫѿԭ

˵ּˣûʸԼСҵ飬ǵƫһ½ƺܹ˷ŭԭ򡭡Ѳ᲻ӣ
½ԼˣϾ˭ҷּԺ󣬻һסţ
ظǷֱһ飬ûɷġ

ѲŸճŲãҪϢҲûôĵ½벻ףȴƵͷڿֵһȺˡȻϸȻͰԼҴɫͷ
½Ǳ˶ӵĹ

Сӵڴס
ңҲǷĴѺ½ûнǲ˵飬½ȻҲ᲻͹һӣҪַֻ˿˵顣
ʡһ󣬽ȻúúòȲȡ

½ﱾ˼ҲɣҲԭ죬һſھһرԹԭ˵°ǵҵȷʵȥزҪӡ˵£һú˵˵ҪǊĹϵһĻôȥͷӣǷԭĴ㣬ʵǰͲһӶլȻֵֻһ䣬պŹҲУôأ

½̬رȻԹɫ˰˷ֹƷһȥأƺӺģ
Ȼһҵӣ
վͷֵ沣




17.  ·   ǵҲһôӲ

ӵһŤ
淺÷Ĳ͵沣ѵĬһͬϵɫͬʱһ˿΢

沵ڵĶ˵ɰ׵ġ
ǵҲһôӲ

ӻķҲ꣬һȷʵСѲС˵ڵģд÷淽Ļ
沣Ȼͬ½ԤϵһֻǲʡĵģŻỹرػɿ

ղϷʱһǴֵسӵǰ壬û뵽˦˵ģûĵķȻôһؾȥҴ峤أּˣôլסһʱǣٲȻĻôҲ֪ͨһ˵Ҳ˵һǲǿ𣿡

Ȼ˵ⷬϼ͵Ļ÷⣬Ҳڶѡ
ˣǲֱ˵˵ĻµؽТģǰĸĵ׵Ļյø
Ҳһ˻ķԭ

߯˭ɫͷƤ飬ѡ
ƫƫ½ڣҲӰ졣

½ĵ״һݸ壬Ҳ˵ɫ޶õԹԵҲ˵ٻ͹ָÿһӣֻҺ͵ҵĻҺ͵˿϶ܹһοӡ
ӣٵ˼
沣ȻŵģּӾȻֻԼ

÷զ࣬ҵҪˣ
÷һֻԼˣֻӻԼϣΪͲӦġ
٣Ǻܿӵġ

һɽ½ɽǸðǰֽӵּ߿ǣⲻǲǷǰܲܺӣΪûּңɶ¶б˿ţڷּˣ˭Ըӣ
ϣ½˳ǵף̾һڳ

һԡ
ƫȻˣʱҲļҵ߯Ҫġ

ԱߵĶɩ÷̲סƲƲ죬ﰵϻּˣ˭ͷ抅ӣֲûжӡ
ΪΨжӵˣ÷Ҳֱֱͦġ

÷У½һ֪߻ںӽ͵ôԼĶӣ˲ܰæǷ޵Ȼ͵ߣԼ䣬ʱǰ壬СӻССѺСʯˣ羴ǵ塣ȻҲǺõûԲڶеʱ򣬻ܳսǶϰ֡

˳СһͨҫӵɫȻɫһ㡣
½֪Сӣһз
˵ӵüĿ֣һƺܰ½Ļӡ

һɶɫ½֪ϷҲɵûؼӰѾٵãӵĴȻܱȲ壬ҲܶϡֵǰſڵİټգһֲرгĶöĿɿڴ˵Сʱû͡

ӵ˲һ䣬رˣ˵ģ
Ϊĵ̣˼ӶˣϲǶӣӲ˲Ź֡
ӵһѹס飬΢΢̵ǣ˶֪ӵŭɢˡ

ںͷѾ˷ۣǻ˵Ϲ
ϱӣұϾֻһˡ
ϵµ⣬ҲǸһ

СѺСʯӴСĴѧĻСѵȥСʯҪٽȥĻ͵Ͻӡ
׻˵úãһжӲȫӶȥ飬ӼСӿƿУѾ߰˰ˡ


Ѿֻ֪СȥѧտʼҲȷʵѧòûм¶
ѾǼʶǳģֻΪõ壬Ͳܹġ벻֪˼Т˳СĿүΪӷԾѧҵġ

ϾĶãѾôꡣ
Сѧʶ壬ҲῼϣȻһӹӵġ

Ѿֻõ󻹲ǻһׯںӣһµµΪ
벻֪޳ȥŮҷ飬Ҳֻһ֪⡣

ô󷿰ķԭ򣬾пܳСҲֻǰͰˮϹǰֺãŲɵ¡

õǺһĻ첻ߡ
廹⣬ĶҲûк϶١

õһʵҲڰ˸Ӵ򲻳ƨȫûϢӡ
ЩҲˣõƫƫһƿĸĸ
ϲһֱּңѾķȥҪ

½ﲻ˰ķͷһ飬ֻ֪ϷҪȫǰҳĽôҲԲòǡ
Ȼ⻰мٵģ½ֱװģСӻܶĺӣС˾ԴҲ֪ôģȻ£ҲǺñ¡

¶Ц½תȴ̾һһɷµؿյǷóԺúȵػӾͺãϾ治٣ȫԼð֪ԼĶӻôƼǸԴϣǷܲƴһֱ⣬Ҳú˱ˣǶȥ飬ⲻ͵øϽȥӡ

½Ҳ±֪ԼҵĴ㣬һԵؾ˵ֻ֮źü⣬Һ͵һͷͼѼȻլӲǲҲͷҪӶаңĻʱ϶Ҳɿţʱ򲻾ͻˣҪ֪ǵҲСˣǲ˵Т˳ٸ鷳ǿ϶СҵĻ͵͵ңǰ岻̹ǵӹǿɵù˺һ㣬ǧٶ͡

ӣʵƽҲŲʮͶԹʱȷʵǴˡ
䣬ԹŴᶼǸػģȻʵࡣ

ĵȰ䣬һӾ˵ǽůˮͷ
Ķϱ˵ǲǴгĵģӻó

һʼȷʵŭɶ½һ˵ˣĻǶðá׶Ŀգ۾ͲͷֱѵһĴȰΪˣȻТ˳ϵģĺ壬Ϊûǡ
淣
÷

沵ıʱǳ˲ɾĶ
ֹŻģҲķƵı£ԷĶ˵ɻģЦûɣ˱ȥֱģ

ͬϱƣӵȴ硣
ĺļҵģɲֻΪ룬µҲûԡ
ӣɶҵĸǶܶɲģ˵ӣֻи˵ķݡ

СʱҲҪҪôӽѧѧҪӣīֽȴǵǮġ
ʱСҲѾ˿Ҫƿʱ䣬˿ǵƿķãǰ뷨ȥ

˵Сӿˣ֮˳µذѴҲȥ顣
治֪ᷢô顣

ּԺ󣬴ӶͲүүܹܵġ
ӾܣҲûǸеҲֻʣײıиСӴĿҩǮ
ӶǶܶġ

жӣ˱˭ãļҵʲôӣͬһ
˶һӵδƣҲûڣԴŵģҪ飬Ҳֻʶ֣Ҫͷȴǲܵġ
û뵽е㵱ĸӣΪµƴһѡ

ϻο
ܹãⲻסһƺҲûʲôͬһӡ

լıΧǰΪʯˮ壬˶Ǳŵסһ顣
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ζôֶˣôܲ˼һ£

ӻҲ½һ˼᲻ôӡȻ컻͵أӿ϶ǹѹͲ
ǣķ𷿵Ҳʽ·




18.  Ķ   ѹȻһֵܡ

ٽҹʱ̣ȾһƬĻƣٶŴķ˽ݡ
һ˴ûϵȻƲϺá
νԺϿӾͲԸٶϷֺ

ӵˣܼӶŶӡ
ǣֻ鷳ϴ󷿵ˡ
ôɩʱ˳Ҳһˡ
Ȼ鷳˲ûʾÿط͵øһǮ

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䣬ʱ˼඼Լ㣬Ҫǽ˰ԼεǱģһ굽ͷܻ϶ͭǮ

ֻзּӣνﱾÿҲнʵġ
Ȼׯ˼ң˭ôǮ
ֱԶķ򸾻Ҫܼң

˺ôܶҲĺ¡
ˣٲر𽻴˵ɱ˭Ҫʵ
ܼҵҲûд˳ȥ

ԼķˣȷʵǴɩ˿ڡ
νﶯĴͲʱȵġ
ϱԵ·ٸǸˣÿøǮٵﲻûгġ

ν׬Ǯϱģϱ׬Ǯ
ΣϷּҸӣνﲻֵĵһ
޵ദμĸо
ƫƫɵӣƺûʲôԣȻһƬĵضԴԼϱ

е⣬صȥģΪνθڱС
󷿿ŷ⣬ûһЩĶֻ˹ִ˵ͨģʹӼ񣬶һ϶ʲôĻһͨס

νﲹģǲܶġ
ᶨͷǰҲΪ
´ɩ淰ʾ˰죬Ȼ޷ٵֵôʱ׵淣һҪƹ

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СΪ˶ȣ볳ը֪˺⼸ռ˴ķ⣬ũȷʵǼΪѵõĺö

ν߶еķ⣬ͬȵ۽ƺ΢һпӹһ㶼ûκ˲
ţ̧ͷʱѾذһתػصٵУ˵ĵѾڴˣ

νһʻѸٴٸлȥͷͬԤһ㣬ʶؾͻصǰѾˣͲũæǰӣǵũæӡ
ٹһʱ䣬͵յļڣʱպÿм䡣

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֪ϱϲֵܱռˣ˵⻰ôɲûԭ
ȻΪʲôʱܰһѶӣ
Ҫʲô飬ϣܹиĴڣ˵ũˣһЩҲֵͦ㣬ֻвں崫еˣŻĴֵܷĿ

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˶˽ģǲģҲȷʵԼСҶһ㡣
ô룬ֵܽǲʵ

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ͺñһ˼ҵĺ°£ĹϵãȻ㲻ʾ˼˼пе˵ɡ

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˵ͷ˵ȻˣǾȥɡϾ֮һҲóȥӣʱ϶Ҳֵܰæ

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һ˫üüͳ˵գ޶˾۲ѡ

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һšüνɱ淵Ľܸۡ

ԴǳǲСұ޷νòȡ
һźòν֣ܰԼĻԸȻı¡
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˵һǾһš

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ΪӲ⻰ûκεػء
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ȻЩɣҪȥ

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׺Ȼ֣ţ൱ƽ
ȷʵȽϸ߿϶ļҵģڷĻƣǲƫбȽ϶ࡣ

֮ԣ添һϱģ˵пӡ
˭Ծûӣһһ˺üǮͨñ˵ʲô淾Ͱйܹ˭

νĵƲ淡
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С壬ȷʵ̫׵ũӡ
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º£ɣ˵һҹӣ˶ûж˵
̫󣬺νѡ񣬹ƶѡ١

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ȻµվµˣҲûһɳĺˡ

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ڣûǣһ̶լһЩ׵沴һ

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νȻ˽Լ˵ĵԣеͶشﵽĿġ
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ȥ⣬ĸƳһۣûˣ

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һ仰ͱԸ˸

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ʡûû˵䣬һѵⲻ
ʶʱΪܡ

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Ѽ񣬻˶˼ˣ˲̫˹

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÷һҭֱŭһۣͲܸ𣿡
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ȻȢϱԼȥ

һΣ÷Ľ飬ûƽϣ÷Ի۵ķϣ־ûɶüƽϵġ
ȵͷ϶Ҳȥġ
ϾһֱԼƤӵ¹ܲ˵˿϶

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ĿǣҲûܸԼסһӣ
ͦص÷Լڡ

ʵ֤˽÷ģ÷ƽʱܷӭҪԼסһӣ;ּƺûּҲûɶ
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ﲻģԼȥ尾

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һԵĶͣˣ̲סһֲֻڵһƵģ
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ΪѾǰԸĵѧʮʮ

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ɶܳ

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󣺡춼˼ҵ£ж޼ޣ

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֪ĸĪŮ
һ伤͵ȼ÷ľģӶˡ

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ֻҪһԲ½沵ı飬÷һܲˣѾõİ߲ľһȵУӾӡȥһƣһǵǷ

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䶨ԺѾҲҿĵرʾ̫ˣҲԼסˣ

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÷Ȼɿ飬ӻǵʡŻ
һһ䣿ǣûţ

ĲԴѾĶûС
ûûεذ룺һҲУٹҪˣĻԼһ䣿

Ѿ÷ͷһӣһٵУһܻмϲġѾûôŮѾȻǶӵʵ÷ϳһʱ䲻ģŮҲûдŮġѾĹЩɶ¶ûԼҪԴСҲ̫ƫģֻҪзŪԼҪĶˡ
֮ܶŮľˡ

˵ĹŮǣǴ󷿵ĹŮ
ֻͰˣòףҲֹֻ䣬ǳ˵ʲôǾʲô
Ĺû˼ңһӶֻڿˮŵġ
ʵϣ󷿵ŮһӶڿˮͷѲá

ͷһϱӵ·˴ԺѾ־ı״ʵ֤ûġ
ߥޣ󷿻лຣ

ȻѾԸּˣѾټӰѾô󷿴լȥ
ȻķѾȷҪȥˣֻҪһ뵽ƫ۵ү̻ѾͲ̫סš

ϱӣǽܹô࣬һԭ򻹲ƫ۵ү̺ģ
ѾΪ׵ӣ滹סţȻǱʹ

Ѿֻ׵ɰүˮȴʶ˼Ӳ̫Ըı顣
ֻ˵˵˼⿴۹Ҳ͸

ڸ뵽ʲôһոµĲϽѾǰȥĻһû⣺ⲼãǊܵõ𣿡
ȻѾĻ淸õòϵϲټ֣ǰصشģϾٹ¾Ҫˣܵܵ»򲼶׼

ʵ򲼺µľ·ҲǿԵģѾĻѾ϶Լڶľһӡ
ΪǶӵĹϵֻõģѹûһЩ·

ѾԼܵܵӡ󼫺ãͬΪĵܾܵ͸úõģһҲԼв׵ĵط
ѾϣǼΪѵõ޲Ǵֲڵ鲼ĺȷʵͦʺϸճĺӡ

ҪҰһ·𣿡
⻰ʱѾû˼ТģΪ添в㣬ѾȲйϱӵľ飬Ѿ·ֻ¶Ѿ֡

벻֪ΪѾ̫죬Ųϵּ΢΢һֱʳ⻰ʱ淵ϲֳһĨЦݣҪŊڲŶѣһЩֲ£Լˡ
ϣ淲źۼذѲСս档

Ѿӻ£Ҳû
淰Ѷպãż͵һͷʲôʱҲһ·ӣ
·ӣ添عͷĲ⣺סúõģΪʲôҪǷӣ

添ΪլһжǴ󷿵ģûǹլȥסңҪķҪˣܹڳطŮסӳԺ󣬲и˯ط˯ĵطһЩϾŮ治С浣ĶԺ󣬻᲻һСľͰѱӸѹˡû취˯رسһܰҷԴۡ
ķܰȥǹŮǾͶȥסһӣôҲûˡ

һȫûǹ£ѾʱЩˣĹϵסƿڴĳ嶯ǼǵǣȥĻ˾˺ȼĻͲܰ𣿡
Ѿͦ˽ģȷʵǺԼҡ

Ů˵ĸһֱΪȻҲɿԼҲҪʱһѵԭ
Ӧ˵Ҽ޳ȥŮСǱ⻰ϴԵġ
ЩСĻ治һģɵʣ⻰ô˵

ôԸһ£Ѿ˿ϾµּˣҪһֹжԵͲֲǲ֪̿һֱϲź;˾ˣסĶģʹ͵ֻ޹ؽҪĶȴҲô룬ֻΪżҵĶͻңʱʰˣ˿϶ҲġһЩ˻ʱ͵͵̣ǰһôӼã

Ѿ˵úܺƽ͵Ŀɲ޹ؽҪĶϳԵģԼϴõģͻعҡ
ƫƫѾģģֻһЩʱòϵĶôͱż˹أ
Լί

ѾͬпӵˣĸŮĿӵ㲻̫һһʹҲżңһʹżҲҡ
֪Ը뷨Ѿ϶˵һεķ硣

Ϊ֪ĲףѾ뾡ӴסլͷլĶô࣬ʲô¶˶ƣȥĻɾûšңԶĻ̾õϢҲûɶʱˣҲԶˣֻҪûۿһоͺðˣֲǵץʲôǻһҾˡȻ뿴ÿʧı𣿡

һαŮ˵
ÿμʧı飬淶Լ񼫣ǼеĶڹܣ
÷һͬӺöͷҪԼŵȷʵ

深˰ΣŵǰȥԺ󣬊үҪô죿
ʵ淸˵լķӣ˵˽ô죿ǣǵŮĿе⻰ֱ˵˵ڡ

ԣѾ̾һٴξԼĳʱﾹȻôƫ۵ү̣
ûŮţ󷿿϶ϱһү֣Ȼ۸ġ

һ˲䣬ѾԾΣΪĵشϣүֲϲһֱסȥĻŪֻү̵ү̰˾ֻϲСѣǰûּʱҪôһţС飻ȻּˣүҲСˣһһֻκС壬Ƕûһôɶ

һﾪˡ
ʱ淲ȻСˣ

ϵĴȻ˵ûϣˣչСӣŪسȥҴӾ˵ֻ
ŵ˽ȥСȣôҪס

混·˾ϣѾһЦݣ쳣᣺Ǌ⺢ӶΪ룬ˣȻȊԺٺ顣
һ仰Ѿ֪ԼĿĴˣԾѧ淵ģͬһĨЦۡ

Ķ½ĿǰǰҲ֪֪ˣ˹Ҳ᲻һ¡
ע޹ؽҪ飬ƤСȻӦܵע
ΪȺСӣһڳǷƣֱ죡




19.     ûкʱãСӡ

ûкʱãСҪǾԲǴܽġ
Ǵͷ龫ָýˡ
ң½Ҳ̫һûԴ顣

Ƿޣ½ҲһָĸǶԵ뷨ΪСӳһɽԣǵǰˡ
ǷҪĽģѾ˴룬С󣬵Ҳһʱ

Ȼȶ˳ŵ½ΪĴǵùѣҲûˣӾˣʹؾϴˣǵĴӦðѴӦǵˣһǵ죬ҿܹϽƿˡ

СѺСʯͬʱһֵܱðűĴ㣬ҪʳԶʵ½ＰѱԹûԼﾹȻǸ
ֵܸˣǰۻԹһӾͳɢˡ

Сʯվֻ꣬½̬ȣͿʼ׽½ڸ̲ס½ĴȣСӵСҲǻµģſھã

СͬҲֲ˼ӣֻͱȽϴ΢ɶǺϣӲѼӲΪ˵Ǿͻԭǡ

˵⻰ʱѾѱĶץ˳ǹû˵ġ

䣬Сһ˫ĺӣûһһģ½ŻûԲԡ

½ˣӵȤᵽˡСӣһЩôߣϻͦϵ״Ȼˣô

һĻش½ƻذƤƵġСȻһ㶣СӹȻԤϵس־ɫ·½ﶪһΪѵ⡣

ƽʱСǻģҪٻӦʱСʯӾȻķӦ죬˼͵⣡˵ǰɽ͵⣡

ѣ
˶ӣƺʱ޿̶ӵ

ѻ˵ʲôļƹĿȴûϵöӾȻͬǺüԵģǰĻһֱͷһѡʱҪ

Ϊ⻹СһѵҲ̫ƽϡ
Ҳ൱⣺СӣС¾Ȼǵô
벻֪̬ȣֵܼͬصŲС£
ѣ

˿ӵĺöӣ̲סСһۣڶǵĶУǴԲѵĻһɽǳԹûϢģ

СѲ⻰
СʱӾͿԺעһϢ׵ڮ٣ûϢҲ㣬ǿɶġ

ʲôʵ

ѺΪӱһЩءΣȻСƨƣûȥǰһӵĶǶ£һЩ˶ӿɱǰ˲١

ֻǵغһۣ˵㻹벻⣿
Сͱˡ

һɽȻʱģе׼ǵÿӵĲ϶ң½һȷϺԺģܹɽϵ߳棬ǿɲҪ֪𣿡

СϲζЦÿɿˣġζһ
СϲװСˣƲƲаɡ
СʯӾͲԲԣС˾˵رɣԸҿ϶úôϵġ

½Ҳܸӵ¶Цݣа֪ܰ׷ĿģһܴһһٺóԵģһһĵط
˻һСʯֻˡ

һƵܵܵ˺ôСҲ˲װģˣ˭͵ĺӣҪĲǳԺ𣿶ңԿ»ռ˵һλСѻѸٱҿֲ
СѼ͵ر̬ҲúôҵģԲġ

Сβ
ô룬ϵĻ½ﵹһͬʣȻҲǵһҲһĲλǰǵÿǵܴܲҰζ

Сѵıǲ⺢ȷʵӳͷʱԸرܣ½ҲֻܳúͻСʱ򣬿һܲ

ֵĻﻹЩԼ׵ı£СʯӻĵصģǵĶƤӿɶÿˡ

Сʯ˵£ѵﲻ߿һۣ꿴Ͽɲ˵ٵġֵĿǰ޷ӵԲСԲĵܵܡ
ҲӲӡ
ѿǹ۲ˣ𿴶ӵԲԵСռϷ硣

СѵƢ⺢Ҳǲӽ̵ģ⺢ӵƷԣΪ˴»СĳΣ鿪ʣ㶼ϲġ

ں֮ķСǼΪģܶຢӶرŷ˵ǺҲΪ

СʯӣԲǳ裬ԵƽزĴ硣
ֵܵԸǧ

ѶԣʵСʯԲԸ
̹ǲã˼˵ŵ㷴ȱ㡣
ȱ˵ѣĿġ

̫Բˣܾû˼ཻ˵˼ܻΪش־䡣
ȻԼĹ۵ģȴȴΪĺ˸Ϊס

ΪԼͲһֹµˣԼͬ˳εСʯӣȻҲ͸۾ȻҲСѣΪ˵ĴӣԸмϱ½Ӱӡ

˵Ҳ֣ͲǷˡģĳһ棬ƫƫǷ޶Щͬĵط

ѹ˹ַ·ڤڤ֮עĸоѵѵĸо̫

¹ֵܵŲԼ׵ѵıӹɵģɽһ·ϣǵͬʱǵĸоССʯһӡ

Ǿһû£ĵȻܵɽȥ棿

ʱ»ũæʱ򣬵͵˻æ飬ǵϴ̹Ϊ֯һЩСȻõȥ

ȻҲÿ˶֣ЩûɶرյˣֱɽҲһǮĻơ

󸻴ֻܹ׬һЩճá
֮ܶµİΪӣһ֮вæʱ
䣬ͷûĸͷȻȥġ

Դ̵ĴһЩֲʶϰȻ̫
ĺӻ򶴣仰˵׼֡
ҲǵɶԣµĺӾͻųɶ
⻰ʵһǾԣ˻Ƕͬġ

ڴϱķѾ˾֪û뵽һԷԼŵˣڡӵĽࣿ

ձ˼ҵСܹΪܶ͵кӣԵʹСúӶϰϰߣȵ̾ˡ

ܶĶӣ඼Сʱ򱻳軵ˣԺʲôУȻ¿ɶ

ǰǰʱʱлΣԴмʶĸĸ躢ӴҲһ߶ȣӴˣڵ˿϶Ը

ܶ˰̾ûѣûȥܱ˵뷨

½һС֦ӲݣҪ·խɽ·ȷرѾС˷ţ㶼۵ġ

ڣ⺢Ļء




20.  Сʯ   Сʯˡ

½ҪԴСȣ·ûΪ˲г̣½ɴԼСб
Сӿᡣ

ԭƺٴӣ½һԲͰСӱʱСȫһֻģǶСʯӣ½ﶼƼһ˿Ľı黬
½ĳȻͬһֱһӡ
ֵܣ

ðɣͷǴ˼ңȻСǲģټŮ˻һСǴ˼ң˼һڶȥһӣҪӣҲǲܵġ

ǰ½ڻûʱ·ϿǼĸӣҲͦ˼ЩŮˣôĴһαӵߡ

˵½ﻹռ˱˵ģȻĪӵıɲִŮܱȵġ
ǰ㶼Ѿġ

Ȼµӣ½ٶĿɿڴ

Сѵı鶳Ƭ̣⺢ӲôȱĽܱܵﱧš
ʵϣ⺢ӿڼǰˣҲ뱻ţΪСƼˣ϶ᱻЦģ

ȻĻȱᣬСѴ˿ǲ˼Ŵһܵŵôร

Դӻһݣ½ﳶѶϰˣ治ɫӦʲôϡģֲܵأ⹫ľ⹫㼸˾˵С𣿡

ͷľҪľϣûһҲǲеġ
½ҵ˸СҲ˵ٵģСѴСҲ֪⹫;˾ȷʵӵһĴ

˵ǲѽܣȻһ룬С뵽ʲôһŹֵǰΪ͵ʲôû˵ģ
½

ǰֻҪũʱͽпֵۣسʱǱ˭ϣۣĵкûһʱʱƿڴ

ŮֵǱȲˣҲûϱһȲϴĹŮֱǰ׳

ȻС׽ӣ⺢ӱǳԱܵάϾž˵ǽģһֱΪС彲һ޲֮ˡ

û뵽ﻹװģһװرģ
СѶ֪ôˡ

ȻûƷĸСѣСƵ̾һǰˣԺҲװôˣԺ϶Ҳٹ܊ˡĲũȶٴһ㣬ʱǶӰɡ

һǼТġ
½еλ룬ͱĶ˵Ļòɢ
˵ﵱÿ治

ƽ޹ʵ˸ĵĶӣһֻһΪСʯӸ½ĶߣɫͨͨԺСʯҲġ

СӵɵģӦһ

ĸһһԱѣóʲô̬ûز˵ǻ߲ߣٵĻҿɴһӻȥ˯ˡ
ӻֱӴǻس̣һ˲Ͷ죬СʯӶ½£Ͼﱧ͵ܵܵĻ߿һҲûӡ

½ʼٸһۣŵġ
ѵƤǺĺܣź飬ǿ飺˭ȺСҪŊ
⻰ֱ׳ͬƤ½һЩֲ˼ġ

½̲ס͵͵һ±ŵСӣСҲ֪ûĻֻ⺢۾գգ£Ȼ͸һ԰ȻЦݡ
½ûǡûж

ϣֻҪ˶ӲǵҲϱѶЩӻͦĵġ

ţƤɵĳѵѹеĺӶİģΪֻҪһķӣ˭ܵһ۶Ƶѳ

һֱǶ߸ߵع۵λãСѺСʯӻСʱ򣬶⹭ҪѹرӶѾģѹȴҲֻôһ£Ȼǲ֮

ǰֵҲйԼ׵ǿԭû鼡ֱۣģ˲ֱӡ

Ȼһˮֵ̬ܶʱٴַĿɿڴɵģ
Сſڽࣺ㡭

һһķӦ½վһ԰һоűµĶӣһɫϷʵô׵ɣ

ֵʶص˵ͷǷﲻԾ˵СԴһһң½˶ӵСӡ

ֵ˭ҲûԸǵĺϷСѻڼɶʱѧһֵģ
ѵޱȵһֱš
Сʯȴ˼ز̨ƭˣǰĲã

Сʯӻǵðǰ׵乭ʱ׵ģСʯӵڶ£СΪԲá
СѵķӦһǰǰѹ

벻֪ȫû𴩵ĻţɵʲôΪǰƭǵģ
ֵܣ

һĿ½ﶼЩͬ飬һԵﱾǲ׵ģЩĿɶˣһѹҲ˻ɡ

ȻСûɣϴĲˣ˱СҲʲô鶼ǡ

СʯҲԹҽеûιװ첲˵ӣ̫ˣ
ѣʵϣԭǴν̶ӣĸ첲ˡ
½Ҳ䣬ֻЩÿϣԭǶĬĬȻԼ˲ҩء

֪Ӧòںᣬ½ﻹǸͬעӣСѶ׵ӡƺЩģ½׶ں˵ɵˣװ첲˵Ļô̺үӸũǳϢ˺ü죬Ͷﵱֻ˭ûеһ㶼ûװ١

˵˵ţСΪõˡ
ֵѵúĬػһۣŻ̾һ

˼ҵ׵ȻҲƲӢ䣬ҲһƤģ̯׵Ȼզ
½ʵˣҵĶǣ

½˳ǣԼһȥ½͸Լˣ˻治ӵ뷨

ѺϾңȻĵһҲŤת󣬼Ĩҵ治ҵĶӣĿҵ⣬һŵĻⲻǾҪһ֪һһǵɲҪʱΪɽԣֱ˱Լ飬ǵôɵ𣿡

⻰˵üΪ˽С֪׵ɶӣһϰˣɶ黹û˻

СѲһ飬һǷծǵʵĺܣô˵һ

벻֪ѵĻشһЩ˲ҵǺҲûɶ˭զզģеƨ£ûܵһҲ˺Сӣô֪ǵϲʵ

СѵѸٱˣСһﻹе߳ģ֪׵˵ʵԵЩ̵ⲻŵ𣿡
⻰ģǰûּʱɶȱǲȱͶĴ˲ʹѲʹûƨӣ

ũæʱµĺŮ඼Ǹҹܸҵġ
ԭԼĶɩʹԼĺ£ǿⲻë
ӹܵĻ̵ģӶԸˡ

С£Ů˶ˡƽСЩСӣдʱе÷ţⲻϴꡣ
˵ıȴŻҪ͡

֪ǶгģҺãٵȰܾ꣬ͨͨȥѧ顣ѺԤضһףȻԴģҲϣȻһԴӣȥֱ̣ˣԺûСı£ʶ֣ŪûȥҵǮĻƣǵǹ˰ɣ

飿СѵĿȻһ⺢ϲĪС壬Сһȥ飬ȻǼΪ˵ġǣ⺢ӽ߯ʵϵģԥͲӣĻһԶ˵ڵǰΪںŪ̵ģû뵽Ҫȥ飡
½ӣӡͲܺһ

Ӽʶǳ½عһأûɶС쵰ͲܰΪһ𣿼Ȼ˵ҪǽѧȻ˵ģҪǼкöҪæҵھֵȥѧʡǼص棬Ӱš

½˺һȫҲĸԣСʯӼǺһ˸߲ҵҲҪȥ𣿡

һЩӴС֪Ǻܺӵģīֽⶼ˼ܺĵġûߥ˲ӣԴöӲûȴ˺õȥ˻ЩӲ㹻ƿã֪ҪһˣܱеĻס

Сʯܹſھͱ£Ҫ˵һͷûУ϶ƭ˵ġûԸˣ˵رһ飬ƿ¶ӷѾġ

ûܹжһ죬СʯѹҲѹԲĺӿ˵Ƶģһһģ˶̲סһϲ
⺢ֻˡ

ûӣСʯȻż̫磬СȴҲʶʱġ
֪˿Զ飬ô˿Ҳ

ΪҵĵԼ׵ĵڶӣһλǲϲελá

һС鲻٣ͬѽһ˭еƨ£СʯӺ绹֪١

϶λã˵˼ңңСʯһ֪ǾΪ϶עԿģٻгƫмĺӡ

Сʯˡ

ʵϣҲĴСûܹԳӡŮԴСʯǲٱý˵СʯӵĴĲ
ǰǣûСȽϡ

ǰ׵˭ûСʯӶûʺ䣬ΪԼǵﲻġ

˿̣СʯӾõܻϲģôӶԸȥͬһС飬ѧ峤Ѿһֵӣö˵ĵֻҪһƶĻѣЪúӶɲĵͷ

Ͼÿһ˶Ƕϡ

Ǹʣûӵˣ빩𡣲˵īֽĻѣ˵ͯŵĽþһ⡣

سǺ͸ǵĳѿǺܿɹ۵ģͷĽͨһ⣬˵ʯˮҪȥϣţ˳·ˣǶúһʱ

سǺ͸ǵ·ֻ̣ǸԶѣѶԵµϰ˵ͬǼΪˡ䣬ȥ֮󣬿϶ǲܵأԵסõģһ޵׶

룬ͷƤ顣

ʱһһˣҲȫƫĵĹϵǴİռޡ

ССʯӾԼ֪鲻ףô⺢Ҳ̫ܶﶼ飬Ѻ½ȴһ̬ҲѹСһжˡ

ӵĽᣬ½ȫ֪ܿСʯĿеĿ½˼άһƮ뵱ѧʱ򣬶ѧѧĺӣû뵽˶ôһ

̾һ£½˳Լ˼ÿճһֻĺڷ㣬ѣȻǶϲ飬ôȥúöɡ

Сʯǲ˼Цһ£ǳԥǼҵӹ𣿲Ȼôȥͺˣ

һҪʹ飬Сʯ浣ĵûӡǺСһһ𾴵ĶˣûӵĻСʯʹͦ᲻õģԸᡣ

СʯѾˣΪ׵ûƫġ

СӼҼҾͱôģĳ߰ӵ飬ȻԼģɶҲܡ˵ͷˣĳƺȽ⻰ÿף½ΨһܹȷŵģԼӿ϶һ˼ϸġ

⺢Ӽ룬½ﲻ͸¶һӣֻܺúȥ˵ү̸ģﻹмױรƾ׵ı£ǶһӵģΪɶõӲ

½ܸӵذԼֵȴû׵ӡ
һͬ¶ɵɫ˵Ļ

׵
ֵܣǲһȥɣ




21.  ֪   Сײ˵ƣ׵ס

ɽҰͷ紵ҶƬϡӶߴ̧ͷռ㣬ǽӽȵʱڣ˵ûо˿˿⵹Ǹԡ

½ﵱĻϸģǰԤϵΣӳǰ·ǶǼӴһܲŶġ

ɽһ׻׻Ľأ˿ΪˣͨϰռԸ̤Σյĵط

˵һЩ˵Ұޡ
ǳȺҰֻǳ治ĶߣҲʡ˼
£Ѻ½Ҳ治ҰӴôɽͷ

һ·ϣģʵߵɽ·ȴرܿпܵķա½ƾĩѵѸ˵ˣɽͷԺӳš

ȱ©ɽԼҵĺ԰һ㡣
СѺСʯӾû⣬ֵ̲סСͺơ

ͬʯˮ峣߶ɽͷѺ½캢ĵطһֵġ

ʮǰм̰棬ŴĴˣԼܵɽĵطȥ档һȺȥĺӣһǱҧˣһǱץ˲˿ڡ
ӣһǵȥˣһҹ˸գҲβضˡ

ƽʯˮ壬Ϊ黹һȻ󲨡

ǰ֮ûȥֵȻܹԳĶӣΪʹֵĶ߸䡣
̵ֵܱĲƽѹѣᵱ˵һױһס

ɽĴ̼л﷢ţ䲻أ׵ѺȻ治һ䣺ȻǴˣҪһô𣿡
壿СѴۣ⺢ǱȽϵΪģ۾ֻʣϲ˷ܵô᲼ģ

˵ǣѲŲæػصСʯӿܻûʲôӡ󣬿СӦûǵүүɣ
˼ΪϸģǳѶݵģκεİѱץ

һˣСʱȹˮԭΪ֮ԭ׽ˡǰˣóԣǴлԵĺ֡

ʱƺȥ
شԺҲΪˣȴûҲûгȥ
ĺӣԭرϲ彲ͷ顣

ȽϿϧǣƺͷܹˣ˵ǲá
ֱȥǰʹؽܣȴûнܹȢ飬ɥ»ԭͷŰġ

ԭȷʵͦõģҪϸףǵĸһͷ鷳£ΪԭҪ鷳Ǿܾˡ
Ϊĺ¶ԭһӲٰģԭΪ£һӡ

СѵļСͲġ
үүء˭ʱֵܴǵˣ˼Ȼǵãԭүү˽»н̵ֱ£ү̿϶á
ԣô˵⺢ӵļã

żԹԣ⺢ӾȻҲμǵá
ʵϣ׽һԭ򣬾ϣɶеĶӣôܺѧһЩ¡

ͷбµˣ඼ǲҴŵģԸԼ½ȥˡ

ԵĹϵ
廹Ըѱ½̸ԭϧΣյĻʹǮٶ࣬޿ɷȴǰѽ±ߵġ
۵˻Ȼؾܾ֮õĺô
Ϊ飬ѵóӣһԭⲻʶôĶӡ

ϧ˼ֻĶӡֺûʲô飬ȻҲȥҪ

ӵĻлף
˾ȴֻڶһСӣ˽¿ɱ˵죬ȻԺ϶ҲСˡ
Сʯرɵشҿ϶˵ȥġ

СѵƨĶܣȻû֨غСһۣС˾ΣʶȻֵıܣС˳ͺ͵ҿ϶Ҳү˵ģ
ϣСһİգ·ԼΪɶӦô졣

Ӷֱ½̲סգ۾һ˿Ѷϵˣͨʲô顣
ʶʱ½ҲĪйһӵùˡ
ֱ˽Ϊޣ½֪壬һƲ˳̬ȣ˻һʱϹѡɷ

ʱһ޹ѣ½͸еθͷҲۡ
ϧһʧǧźޣ˭Ҫɫȫû²ˡ

Ҫ˭ҲõģΪ飬½ﻹ濼ǹҪҪ飬Լѡ˲ֻƤҩҲġ
䣬ûûƤûڲ٣½ֻܸʰ·硣

֪˲ٵͷ½ѾںˣżɷˣûһʼеС
޿ɱģ½ͱĳ˸䲻١
˴ôʶʱ½ҲЩ΢ܾЩϧ

˼άƮһ£һСѾʼΧõĶСĺ󱳣ƺʾ½һ档
Сͺţһ𡣡
½Ը˷󣬲ŵаɣһȥɣҲȥҶ

⴦Ŀյأû̫ïʢԣ϶ߣ½ӰӶû֡һ뵹֪ô£Ѻ½ģûǰʱǲζҲǷǰ̫ײУЩΣĶ߳ޣƺ⴦յͣ

ô
½һ£жϵǲˮű˶һڶЩ˵Ĵ׳ȻһҶӡ

ֲڵ壬úܿģ½ȴ̲ס˳ǣı£ʵһЩĿ

ٶı£Ҳͨӵǰȫ¶ף½ֻĵҵûͦģ㲻´ɽֵܻץö

ûⶫþǵȴʱܵɵţֺ£⼸ӶҪʱɽˡ

ںҲǴģֻһ棬ûţֵѹû̫Ҫô׵Ļ˲ǼҼ

Ȼһֶ飬ֵܿ϶Ҳܾˣ½û˴ӦǳԶٺõģʱ͵׵ʱ

ǰ½ĺڣССʯӶĴ滳ɡ벻֪һ乭ļգðʱ䣬ֱӾֵܵʹţľص׵һֻһֻӹ

ղŵֻСֵֻ֣׵ģÿ˭ûȥ
˿̣λεǾǰš

ûʱŹܲһЩĵζģƽʱ׵ûɶǰҰһֶѸ˵ƣӻһ

ˬӢˣչ¶š

ս°ͣٵѣ޶˸Ӣΰ׺ĸоһͷ˯ʨȻѹ
䣬׵[˫ۣһŵ˲䣬֪ΪεΣֵܶй͸Ȼ

ʿˮƵøϸûгֹĳݣʱСѵĿ֮У׵֪·Ʒһ
ЩӣСѵĳƢżѪ̲סһӣҲΪˣܺӶ׵Ǹز

СĿ׵һֱСΪ
ҪûҪƷûƷ׵ССʱͦʧģֻԼΪʲôСġ
ֻϧС϶ӣ˼׶ûУҲСôĶӡ

ʵСѣҲʼάԼĸﻹͦźԼ׵û˺á
Сѧ峵Ʒȫ׵ôҲǿɹƭƤģɣ

СѶ׵ֵһٵͣ͵ӵҲá
ôΪЩװģرɹӱֹСҲ׵ʵǰġ

СʯӵıͬҲر𼤶ɼ׵ӵӡûһõģѾֻƫƫ鷢

һ˵ɺϣζУȻ汾µġ
ûƭˣ

Ӿ˼½ûвؽӹѵݳֵҰҰãϵЦаûһӶпڸˡ
ӻȵĿ⣬ֱӶ

˵ʵŵϱ½ϣѻãŵ˵Ķϣû㲻ˡ

׵̧žԽӣյϱǰһͣʰЩ鷳ҿɡ
׵ûֵܣ

ѶԼϱǽһֵܵͬһ
ֵܵпɣ׵Ҳͷһ̬Ҫ˵ǲڣһЩơ

Сײ˵ƣ׵ףֵ޶Ʒһɶ͸ûõĳݣѸֶһЩίСѱͱȽֱΪܳ軹һ̿ӣ˵˼ҲȽ٣͵ǲǣ
ѻͷһƳӢüһе˳ⲻԶ׼𣿡
Сѣ׵һҲ

ֻһοֻûɾͰգٲһѵզ£
ʱС˰

ڣ׵Σȴдһ֪ô˿һʹֵܵı˴ǻɵվʲôȻôҲ˺󣬽϶Ҫǳһɶʲôܰͷ̵ζ

˻һ׵ʱɢҲûǲһУֵߴգԥذѼһȥ
ѣСӣ

е֮ʱ֪С쵰ΪȻĿŵ׵һƱ顣벻ľٶȷʵĺֺڵŭЦ΢Цͷһζ
С쵰ҪֿԣӵȻ㵽ס

˵ü۹˾½ֻûƼƵģȻƫ̻һ䲻źõġ
øܲǰţÿڸ֮һ£ֻҪϽŵģºҲǰˡ
½мԭ硣

¹ºôڣ˿ȰѸʹת˵ӶȥժϡĢҰˣ׵ȰæȥˮҰëһ¡ǰ½ǲ̫飬һˮԴɽȪˮζɿڣûˮôȽҲ̫

һͨæ½ƷĽлƷɶͷ̵ζ

ǿ̵þ˵飬¶ҶӰʵļ⣬ͬǰı֤½ΨֻĴȣֱ͸ϲЦտӡ
ССθڲ½ֻ򶼸СӣҲǲƫе

ǼȻǼ򣬶ʮ㡣
ۣһȥ֭ΪõĺõԵʣ
ֵܳԵͣﶼر㡣

ôǱΪƽʱյĲ˾㹻ˣȴûĽлȻ֮ǰζҪʤ
Ĵʤһġ

һʱ֮䣬ǰ׵ĳݣתƵϣôΪ֣ܰһֻͣ
ǰûоζСѣ̲סѪǰͷļ꣬״ʲô
Сʯɣգҿϵԣ¥ء

ǰС彻õͬ͹ԣ¥ϯˣлܳԵͷĲˡСʯӶǵζǰԵʱܾ޲ڣ˿ҪȽϣ񻹲ôһ㡣СӱȽʵϣܾԣ¥ûȡ

½ȴҲٸǶԣղѸײڶӵĶƤӣȻӶѾ˱Ľ׶ΣٳȥĻܿܳƶƤˡ

һӣԳԶʳβӶεɽر⡣ȥʱҲѣ̫ɽʱءһ·ͬˣ˵ǱɽʱĻҪһЩ

½ΪһЩ˹ȻҡͷԾӶ࣬Сֵܱǵ˰죬ȴ۲ѡ

ķĶֵܻؼҺҲõϢЩֵܿɲѣµֽũæʱ򣬵ôǵȥѲһѲܰġ

ڵĵؿɲ㹫ҵˣԼĶµ㣬ǵ£һ֡ܲסĵأ顣
ʳôҪĶá
±һ÷ǶǱķҪһ㡣ȻҲֻһѡ

ʵϣѺ½ҲǿʳģÿԷ޿ɶˣһȥԼطˮûǷˮ½ˮϵĻԣǶ˻ֲﲻκλһôϧ½ܵȼ࣬ŵǰĸߵȼֱܻ˵ĹЧûˣûνɥʬˣԺҪǿԼܣÿԼȻԼɥʬ˵Чȴʮ֮

ڣ½ﱾ̫ʵվǰںƽʱǻ䣬Ϊ˻ȥҪԼܵȼҲ˿١Ȼطû񾭽ΣͬҪǳԱ⣬ִ߻һӢĻʵۣ˰ݣµİճƲϸ㣬Ҫ±ȴҲԲһ⡣

˶֪˽µĶֻ̨õǲ׵һ棬ڵ沣ѵûµĳ嶯û취ǰͷ²ųһͷʱֲԶŸյõѵǣûôҪֿԡ

ҲҿʱѧˣȻ϶ֻбķݡ

˭ķôƻֹԾּһֻӣԥص͵ӵϣƤЦǽ슅ӺһץģǸӿǷ˲ŴġЩӣչСܶۻˣӿɶҶ߶˵ˣⲻɽã⼸ӶǸǣɻץһֻˡӊûȥ͵СܲһǊӺӵһƬТġ




22.  Ȱο   رү̵ģǲ

ӲĶһֻӣӱҪ߶ͷ߾͹˸䣬ЦúͶϾջƵģӻͦ
˶Ӳõ£⿿һ˫ϸ첲֪ӵķʵᡣ

ʹӽõϽ֪һ
ĴСǲӣԴһȥ飬Ӳֻ֪Сһ

ϣ˾ص飬ȴΪȻ
ֻ˵˵ı׼һٷŵֻͣҪ̫飬˼Ҵ඼һֻ۱һֻۡ
ο˵Ķ󣬲ֻĶӶѣӵӶϡ

˵ǹβͲݣôӻ˼ҵĸ⡣ϾӲŲǵıѡС⣬ͷļӣѹε̬ȣզզɡ

治ģ˼һֱӾƿڴ
һȺϹ͵ģһ̳ܲģԼҵɶ£һܵȻıӣ

ӱͲһƢõģȰǹɻ𶼲ǿ;ˣοҲûֹԼҵ̫ţ˭Լһѻ

Լҵģӡ󼫺õʱ򡣸˵ЩȻǵӶǣĲӣȷʵ֪ģԼ޷˱粵ӶСأôСĺӣԺ治

ʲôССͲ̺ãСĳͳ˴Ķӡⲻǹȥ
ⶼ̣Ӿ͵һҷϣ

ӵԻͣҷʣû̫ܰŵϡ
˵ӾͶøֵļƣһͨó´Ҳǻ磬Ҳڴı뺷

Դӣͼ˸ɼܣЩ˲۵Ļɫʱ硣
û˸ɹܣӵĸ첲ƤȷʵһЩۣɼܵԿһȫʤ֤˱δϡ

˼ҵ鱾ͲĶӣ˼ǰ£ԭû˵飬µһЩﲻס

벻֪Ѹʤһ鲼ҷΧƤëС£һһг㣬ִʲôӣԵ׼ɩӣֻΪӵ컬Խ֪˼ǰ壬ƫɾͰ鷳¸ΪΡ

һɣɱʲô˸оТġ
ӱӮˣеʹ飬ѵһϲЦտ泩
һº͵ТǶ֪ڲȴǰˣԼûȥøҼӲһ

Ÿ˵꣬÷飬žһȻı飬沲ԸȻС֮Ⱦ֮

£ƲƲ죬ֲֹãһΪĵж󷽣ǵӣϹ򣬻û˱ȵϡ
ͬ飬һָֻԣԹԹҪǵҵģֱ¾ͺˡ

ԼɷԸʵ淲ûһԹɷֹŵĻģ󷿵ĵλͲӡĳӣ඼Ǳĸصģ˵ʮʮôа˳ɵ˼ңǶڼ˵ϻɷʵˣ˵õŵĿأһЩֵܣҲûһģǶ˵縸

Щغɸ֡
ĽˣĪ޽ŹѸҵıãͬǳϱ˼ҵĳϱ棬ԼϱȴǼβˡ
뵽淾ֿʼԹ԰̾һԼá

ɩСԼ飬ԶʵһţֱӳТӣܾӶ˵Ǹﲹӵģûʲôң⻹ҪТǵģҪûǣǵģ

СʯӺܻԵǰүүرү̵ģǲԡ
ʵСʯ᲻ô⣬ǰѺ½нСһﵹҲԼ׵

СѵƤûܵܺ񣬵С˾Ҳû׵ĻԡԼʵǳԳŵģĻһЩΪ֪飺ǰǲԡ
Сѧࣺԣ

ӺôТĵľٶʵӸжˣ̲סĨĨ᣺úúã̫ŵӶǺúӣһЩҿۺҵĺø
ʲôۺ죿ʵʲô

ҲеԼҶӺɽΪ˸˴ԡⲻ뻹ãһͷӵͷҲһЩã£ⲻһЩŷţרŶű˼û¸ɡ

һ仰¾ǽ˹ȥ

ƾܼζûƾܳɹĶһӣǳĳҪТˡ䣬ϱͬҲ⣬ںʲô㲻һԸҲһСӡ˵˲ǵҿ˵Сο˲ٵݵ治٣ϵ˵Ѿ˺ü϶ݳƤǣϿЩóԵ𣿡

˵ӣѶݻȥĶȻһͣͷһأѵ̧ĶϱһۣΪϱһЩǣû뵽һ©ġ

ƽʱȷʵƫ̻ļҵģܻϱҵĴ󹦳ǿӵϣӶöļҵ࿴ƫ̻ϲļҵӡһֱöԷһЩûûεġ

û뵽һûûεĶϱĵˣӾͼ֣аѵÊɩӵģͲˡ

ϱͬˢ˺ӡ󡣲ͷ˹ģԶϱ˵ϼ仰ԣͬһȻ˵̫ûԾǼ

½ȴһΪȻɫˡҪ˵̫ˣǰСϻʱɳԼСǮһЩ춼˵Ҳ֪϶Ҽ⼸СӳԵġǶСôĶҲǸһֻӣʲô˵СӿϲС壬С壬ǵҵ׵ܵܣøʲôģֲʲô˵顣

ںģƺԵߵĹϵУӵϣԾЦݣ˵Ҳǣĺ廹ֵأСĸ飬һֱǲģˡ

ģϲ֮䣬
Ȼϴֻϱûеİǲ㣬ӶԼ׷ˡ

ļҵ뷨϶ҲģҲ׵ܵܣȻϱҲỰﻰ⣬
һģΪʲôּң⻹ģһҲ뿴ġ

ְѹźֿ÷ϰԺﶼʡˡС۵һͷΪֺùţⶼˣǽһá÷ԼһŵģС治½ûѪ

֣ǿˡ÷֪ͷûõôҲͲţɫȻ̫Ҳȥˡôڿ죬÷뵱һˣкһֱɩ
ȫȫϵ顣

ֻʱԳĴŻȽ϶࣬һʱλҲĵ֮ŲԼ添һ˭ôһСӶû
һƵӣһߵҲûм

ɩѾԶˣѰǰĹע˻״ʵСڵ𣿡

СӣӵЦݲԾֵ̲סһЩܻζ˵ô˸ô۵ĶӣԺܿƿֲֻҪ˺úõľˣ⺢Ӿһͬһϻ˵ĺã벻ĻҩԵٶ඼ǲõģӲܲ˵ؾ̣Ըӹǡ

ԣŨü΢΢һ壺СǰɲӣҪһȥһģ
СܣֻҴҼѣտʼ±𴩣ĸ׹˼ɵСӵ飬Բδȥ

ҪȥˣҲҪһԸŲУһǾԲУȻҲЩֵܣϱҪ˵Ļֻһ仰ûţ

û취ֻӶѣѶһСܵģƾֻӡҲѹ֣ҪýģɹֻҪһ׾ֻ࣬ǺóģСӶһشĴ

ѵǼΪͬӵ

˵ˣ˵ԭԷ޺ˣӶ޹ؽҪˣοֵֻܳ£˵Ѻ½ԷޣһӵĻҪζһ㡣

аɣȻܵһģǾͺúõİɡӲ˲촽ûдһûǶĵΡ
ĿҲͷļҪĵĶˣ۵µӣӲŽֵܣ浱̫Ʋʲôĺͼ⣿

ݺ΢΢һʹûϰ뷨ȴͬĶܴϣһᣬͬ˳ȰȰҲãһ˵ܲܰ˸ѡ

û
ǰòĵСӣֱִĻ첻ͷۡ

¹С£½ϱģҲ÷
˼Ƭ̣ŵҵľͺȥС壬ȴ⼸ȥϴһ¡
һذ˰֣ȥɡȥɡ

Сѻһĵ̣½ȴӶӰ£ذһץ˽

ĸ϶£ӵĿοֻһʱ鲢δ½ﲻúӵ¡
½Լɷģûѽ˵顣




23.     첱Ӵ֡

ϱ˸ߴһ֪ӲʵӣͲǴ˿һüͷģ
ʵϣֻȰˣ治Ϊһ⡣ٲȻĻλҲбܴһ˵ܵܣվֻ²ߡ
ܹԼͨǲò顣

߲Ͼɵľűݵֱ۸˿ЩӵĶϵļɡ
ʵϣûжѵҲǼΪˣĿһţͰŸ
ͷľȻصо϶ûУһŨҩζ˱Ƕ

լͷסӣ˵Ӹֶǲ𲻴ΪܳСȻҲˡƽռ£ô󣬸ٱҲ䲻ͷĳвͬ

Ҳܼ򵥣ǶװĹӡԼܹΪζıīֽ⡣
ͷٵĿ

ķ÷Ĺӣ඼ϱļױ˼ûȢӣһ˵ðĶޣܴܵʱǳ㵱С

Ŵ嶼Ҫ۲ƣͨ飬ҲǺüʮϵ鲻٣һ飬һó黻ǮġȻܺӣ˵һʵܵܶʡġ

Ҳм˼йˣ˼ҺĵҶԸ㣬ķΧڣǲ鷳Щ˼ңǰڼѪң˵ѧʶ棬ù涼Ҳ֪˼Ҷӵ顣

ζΪţӢͦŨü΢΢һԭֻڵѣһλ൱ҵӡû̴кѾԹԵذѴһЩ϶һʵĿֱȡȵĲҩζͬʱ΢⣬԰ģյĸ

УܵòΪߵӰȥٵĹϵڵֵ˵˲ٵۿۡǲģ޹ֺҪ˵С˳Ƥǵӣ˭ǵǰһλ֥Ŀꣿ

ɷ˵ѺһԵľΣؾһھ͵ں׵ӣǰĿΣĹ϶ҪʶˡǰΪź£ģҿ˶øܲǡ

Ѱǵ٩ʱûô
Щӣӹǻ㣬⣬˻ﻰĵǡ

ʲôãҲóϣǼ粻ֲֵر£ֵֻܣѹһϲͨ
䣬ȳĿܣһĻƣ˼ҶҪֽġ

Ǯֻһʱ
ñ⼸꣬û飬ݼ

ʢ֮£࣬ƵũӣΪüһЩѡĻƣԳΪ
ܹõһѾ߷ǣƹһͶʣⳭĻûҲ˵

ȳȲܿƿԷܶȷʵǲСĴ
䣬ˣֵܺ͸ĸƫƫûһȳ֮δûɶָƵġ

Ĳѩϼ˪ʵ治ûе
¶ԼŵˣĻٶţѿҲĥ

ϵľʯΪѵļЦͱῪȻĸϣǼѵس˳ǣЦ˷һûܣҲûȥ˼ҵĹ
ѵĴüһСӣҲ˵˵ѣ㻹ôؿԼҪ˵ģǹԸ
ź͵ӣȥⲻ˵ĻСӣ

һʱ⣬ӵǺڣ޲ʱأǰľ˻
Ķ˲ĺñ£̫ôˣοˣ̫Գˣ
ʲôм޸СӾӣ糯ܵ˵ֻ

һӣϰɲǡ
Ҳĳ˵Ļͦס̫ŵֱֵۣܶһġ
һ赲ͺüĿƿڴǱˣԼϰ鶼ڣֻܰסƵĺСгһ

ĻûӵߣӳεЦݣĸ磬濴ҡ

ΪʲôҲֻһʱǶѣ˶в˳ʱ򡣡ѹĵ̬˵Ҫ˵С̫ɵϰΪ˿ǵӣҲͽҵĽ㲻дһ⡣Ǽţ˲ŲҺŪ̫࣬ȻĻ㻹ܿ˭

ȻĻϣ

ⷬͻأ㣬˶ӡ󲻴⣬ҪǾСӵԸϱӰӣ˶ǱˣˡʵҲͨ͸Ψһȱĳ̫
½ûëСܵĳֻ˶죬ȻǲҹͬΪģͨ޷ˡ

˭˵˾ûз
һ㣬Ѽ½ǴһˣѾõ̵

ѵߵҵĻ޻̸֮ǼֵܣĹϵûҺáҲγºˣ˵⣬˭ΪһͷļֳһûüֵҲɿؾһ߿ʱ˻ǵȹǵԼС

һִֹ̧ڵĻֵСӣúõ˵һ˵СͶûһӵζԼǾ͹ˣû˿Ϊ˸һӡҪҸĻ鹵⣬ֻ֪һЩֵһ֪˵С̫ʵϣǸ˵̫޲ɼ㻹ûʼǰʵҲ̫֪һ¡ֻǶ࣬δΪһӵǰ;㲻ùôһ룬ͷ·Ϊ˱˶𣿷ûȤ㡣

˵Ļԭе뷨
ܹ׵ʱ򣬾ͿıʣԭĳЩ뷨ͦƷȷʵһĴˡ

˶˵ҿ㵹ͦġһɵرӣϾ˭ϵĿ£ƫƫСȴͶⳤԼûܹҫ棬Сĸ˳ʲôܣ


޿Υԣǵһαģһĸ磬ζȷʵЩӡǣδֵܵķθ֮ԣ治֪һЩֳԭô뷨
γͨ͸ĿУ͸¶һĨ˼ô

Сһڻģȴڣ޶ԡ̶ȣƺһѵӣҪ˵ҴСװѧӣĶɿ찡Ų㣬ƴƴ飬СʱΪ˶飬ˣĻᶼûмΡЩҲˣһԺ󣬻˵ķ飬Ҫ˵ѹͲҪеǸӣһͭǮûõ˵ġΣεķּӦ֪жٰɣ

һѾĸĻֹɿ죬ҵĻм˸ɵó
ȣƤӾ͵ͭǽڵĺȣһ͵ˢ²ˡ

޿ɻԵģĽĸʱûԷйκβʱ򡣿ȿȣô˵ҲԣΪֻҪ˸ĸ粻ĸöԷ
ŵĻС

һӣһ£Ƿܹ˵Ŀ𰸣ȻǲԶ

˵˵ûǾֳǳԭȷʵĺáĵܵܣνĸĳ谮ķӦϣֻûаֵĲϲɫ㲻Сġںͷչֳ˲ŻԺ˶黹Ƕ飬ԭ͸ľҡ

ûȢǰԭʵһֳģλĲֵ࣬ܣٴżʵ˼ǰǼԭǼ̲ۡĵֻͣĵشֳĮλ֪ԣֳһ£εģľֻԭһˡ

ѵһأȹ龪ȣҲǲʶô⣬ĸķּʹ޷ųģܹ˼Ҳ͸Ƿһ㼴ͨ
ᣬĬص˵ͷʾӦ

ԣ˵ɵ˰ɣ״һЦ˵ڿʱԲ˯ãûָһı£Ҳ֪ⲻֻԵʰɣƣɩ˵һЩȻܵز˯ɣСֲǣΨù˼˳û롣

֪ĸô
ͷͬ㵱ϣ

첱Ӵ֣Ҳòȥһ˫Ʊ鲼ֱ۶է֡
ǰĻ϶һֲϸ飬һϯ֪徹ȻôĲס
ǻڼƫ塣

ˣ˵ܾһˮƽӾƫ۵㣬Ųô뷨

ܵĳСһȴ[˲[ۣҾ˵ӾҪţǼҲôã¿ڵϣҲܰӹ̣⸱ԡһ£ɩһ򲻰ϼ£ǵһܵˡɩǰ̰Сˣϲʲô˵ʲôθô࣬ƶǰϵӡֻдɩ˵ɣ˵лǲǴɩ


͵ӣ

Ѽɩӷλվͷһ㵣ϱӣĽġҪıӵ̫ԣӶҪһ£Сôע⼸ɩɶ

һо֮˼˵ˡͬΪ⣬΢΢ɫ˵һС

ѵü΢΢һ壬ƤЦѸٲѵǰһĨЦҾ˵ΪǼ˾ͲкģѹôöûаɫȻҰ뻵ˣɩ治ģϾʱûʲôӣƻûôࡣ˵ֻһ²ѡ

⻰˵ͦûĵģΪЩ˵ĻǴӸ׶ġ

ˣѿôһ£ǰӵĺ裬Ƶһ֮ѵϵĲϲأĶֻ࣬ûԵˣɳǲ˵ģ㴰ߣԹԵ˵⼸Ĳףҿ㌀ʳѰˡ

ĬΨ޿ɱض˼ֵ΢
侫١
˽ĸֻɩҪһ£ĸǲһֱڱ͵ŴɩƣȻô֪ܵ飡

ѵֵûп֣۵ˣû˼ɣѵܹʲôλŲһ¡

ѵ̬ȿ־ص˵˵ʲôףвҲȢһϱΪӲڣΡ˼ɶǵӵĿ£Ǻˣһֻᵱ«ƫƫ£ֺȻ˵Ҳʲô

ǰ꣬ҿɻǵҵĴӸһСİƽ顣ǴΣҪŵݰæԷƶưոݡԴɩʹ¶£æʱһʲôлֵܣһ㲻ˣλǻת棬ת۾Ҫּҡ緭һ⻹νʵˣ

£ѵһЩ΢⣺û뵽˼ҷһ˺޳ܵ⣬ĸǵȻеĹҧˣ֮еĹҧֻûв̸СҲУô࣬˵仰㵹ǾΪ棿

һ˵ļΪǶ㲻ΪȻ֮䣺ɱ˵۴ɩ⣬ֻ⣬ʶΪȷȷʵʵҪѪ

ԾĶϣӵɫ콻ӣ˵ûӵһһĵġ𣬱˵ƵСӲᣬΪϴǺõģȻϸԺ־Ķ˵Ĳ޵

ƽʱϴǰ˸Ӵ򲻳ƨǴҳ£ȴӡ̣Ϊͷʵ̫ԸСȥ¡߰һѣǴεǣСһãСӵпܻٵ롣û뵽ûļ룬ϴ͵͵ۣҲǲµģȻĴӦæû

Ǵε˳ĵһ䡣

¹ǶݺݵؾһأѺϸ˵һ϶ʲôãΪ̫һ㣬ʲô¡سŵȴТ˳ǴβǴӦǰľں϶ҲӦֻƵ顣

˽ѵҲԹԵĻٰκ顣ºͷƺʳ֪ζƵģżΰаæҲܼᶨΪϾûҪŵжʲô£ٿֵ꣬Ҳ᲻ܶԴؾȥæ

Ȼ䣬估Ļϸʵ̫ţҼǵÊ˵ϴΪҵΪۺüΣ

ݵʱǺѵúһۣ飿ǰ»Ϊ̫ƫģһˮƽɣҳ˵£㵹ǰҵĻ״ҲϴôĺϱϴԣΪң˼һﻰԹǵ۶ޣʲôƾʲôҪҵıȥʰ̯ӣҪԳݺݵʰⲻֵİǣСӻõüܵٵίĶί⵱Ĳģƽ˵ʲôҵ۶ҿƫĵѹһǲŶԣ




24.  ɵ   ûĵĶۻ𡣡

ֻϰŭˣٱԼϰԵʵ˵ҲЩܲס̫ĻͷӲӡ

һ룬΢΢һԼ͸¶һɫ˳ƽϴǲԲģȴû뵽ɳ顭Ľģ̫ûǶϿˣǵ϶ӻֻгԿķݡ

ֳˣֻûа϶ӵͷҪ϶ӵϣһܲܵõôƺȫûȥһ϶Ӵ˿̵ľ
оţ̳ĺöӣ

һĨʧ޿ɱõسϡ
ȴ̲סֱŭȡ֮
ĸģȷʵϣ֮šһԼҲֵܵˣ˻λ˼Ժǹܵɢ١ϴʧУȴټؼ֡ǲܻҲǲܽܣõ˼ɾƷ⡣

һӣ˳Ƶ̹̹̳ĶӣΪֻϵ˸ͷϾĶԶϵТ˳Т˳ӵĿɹƭȴг۾ġĶӻ˼ûôأС඼͵ġ
ȷʵҲͬҲʣĻӵǳһͷûǶϵ簮ܳ⸱ģ

ΪйʧܵӣԺϲ϶ӣҲ治ǻֻ֪һζس谮
ϴͬģǱ˳軵ġ

ΪͷһӣȻǸѪϾͷĳӳﶼ൱Ҫģϧǽ
֮£СⳤǼΪ⡣
ǰϴȲ϶ӣж֮Уϴӡõġ

ԼҲһϱˣ治һ¡
ȻܽܶӳϱȴܽΪϱǷǶ֣˵˵ĵһĴӡ

ͷӵʧģһҲͬ飬ϰһۣЦһǣڲĺöӣǰǿֻϱϵ㻹ָǵ϶ӣ͸ϴɥĵģƫƫϼһǲţ۵ΪǿǡּǰҾͲôණˣ˵̫ƫģȻ˻ɸɴƫĵף

ĿǰϼɻˣȻֻϴ󣬵ӿǰ
ΨһϴõģȢһ۵ĺϱ
ϱΪɣƲۣҲóŮŮĺôô˼Ҳм뷲һϣ߰˴롣

ͷϲһˮƽܶ˲ƽûĵ˾ûġˣ϶Щڲԣ˵ӺĶش򷢾ˣôĶණԺ󻹲Ҫ˭˵һҲûҿϴԼʲôʹ뱲ӻܵӣҿʱ򶼵䵽ļȥưɣ

˶ˣ˵һЩʲôãЩ޿κΣ˰ֵΣûлͷΪϵģҲƫġǵѾϴֻ֪һζϱĻԺĿȻҲȥƷ

˵Щˡ
ǲѵӣ˼ҾˣּҲûѣòŸŤתḻ́ƻ϶ӿǻûг׵ˡ

г㣬΢΢˸ϳֳһƬ⣺ģǰܷʲô飬ҶᲹһͭ塣Ͼ˶֪Ƕϸļҵ治١ּˣԺǺǻͲǶϲġȻҽ̲ӣôԺȥһ

ƾ˵ĵԣŲԺϴ϶ᱻʵˡ
⵱ûģûѼ䣬ȻδĻϣڷ̬ܵȣ˶һĿȻο˼ң
Ժ󣬻Ϊӵģĵǳ׵ˡΪ㿴ˣӵĻڷּҺͲˡ

޶꣬һ仯׼ͷӴ˿̲ĳƲƲ죬Ȼûͬ飬ͬҲûֻԼҲ˹ĲŷǵĶӣǰôӣܹԼ⣬Ҫ˵ʹҲǲܵġ

ӱһˣﵱһˣǲź˿ģ˼ɡѵͷ˵⻰ɼ¶˾ģȻǲȥ¡

Ķ˵ģ淲⣬ֻ⣬͵͵ľٶȷʵ϶ӵӹһܻȻС۵ӣĸεģ϶ǹģ֪飬ӶԴӵҲûмĸꡣδ£˵ĲԼܶһ꣬ôµ⣬ֻϧСӾ룡

϶ӵѪ
ǣ̫žȰλ̻浱ǳصĲɣ
ͬģøεˣȻǲҪģǿ϶͵ĺܡ
λɳ˼˵飬ԺͱԺľΪر

ҲĸεŮˣﻹЩʲôҪǻӻûгףһ̳ȥƤӺ޵ҧгݣںͷ˵û϶²ٿȥȴŹ
ŵĲ´Ь

һִݺѪ̵ĸоʵںѿΪеޱȱ̲סĿתƣݺݵؾɵüǵ˵ڵĻϴˣֿʼĲҿɾ㣬Ժа̫ҾԼ϶ȥͷһԼȥͰ㣡

ΪΣ˵ʲôֻЊ̫϶ӣΪ治ϴϴҵģȻܸɳô˵˵ȥҲϵۻ軨Ȳĵ

Ȱ塭ǱŹһԵ顣
ͷӣСʱ˵ϻġǰ׵׵ĲŵԸܲܰȰɹʵǰŰɣⲻûк·

ȴû뵽ûϣĶӣһ۾ͷֳĶߡ
Ȼϴ˵ļΪղϸϸ˼һ˿̲Ŀ˵۹⡣
Ա֮£ûĵĶۻ

̲סĶӹĿ࿴ʱȴΪǷȻɩΪ˲ôΨһԵ飬һڷּҡ
ӣⲻТӣ
Ϊּң˱ڵĻ䣬ΪΨһվͬһߵģƺôһ£

ӓؿڣǸе֮ʣ䲻ģȴηּң˵ûǷǰ顣ǳǵʱҪּң˶ܿļԵȵһ죬㹦ʱǵûٶЩҪЩΪˣܱȺͷĿ˸á

ϾմĺôһЩֳ϶һӡѼװûͷ͵ԴǲϬȻԣǴ£˭Сӣ׵ɵˣΪֵܻӦõġô飬Ӧ֪׶׳ĵ䣬ֳɲÿһԴˡ¾£㲻ֻðֵܣ˸ӴŹϵ˶һ

һѪ
ֱӻһ
һϯٲȻǷؿ꣬һﾪˣΪ룡

ĨĨ̲ס᣺˭˵ûûΣ϶˺ǵ죡ЩӣֳģҲֻĶѣ⵱ģû͸˵û壬⵱ɵģһ㶼ΪԸ㡣ҪֱĬĬջأӵؿҲѸپͲˡ

ղţΪ谮ĶҲҪˣĶҪ˴롣
벻֪·תҪּҵĴ㣬ͷԭȴǴģ
ô죿ǾЩ

ϧһۣ뷨ͱϰ鿴ӺڵĿ¶ɱɭȻҶģСҺû꣡


ţ̫̫һתһϻοٵǶõһӰҲʵʵ˵ѡ
ګګӣĶӵǺõģͷӻ̲סһ䣺ĵӣ




25.     ̫ʱȷʵüҡ

ĵĻӰ, һһ£Ƶϴ۸ӡ
ͬһʱС׵Ǹͬ, ɡ

һĨ޿κȻ, ҡҡͷЦĸ磬Ҳ㻹ҡô˵Ҿһ, ˵Ұ, ƶöҶԶԶġ

Ц֮࣬ٵϣֲ΢΢ضݡ
˵, ǰͷļֳûй̽, ǹĿģȴûһĸһ, ǵܵܡ

, Ҳһûĵˣ˵ĮԹ, ûвȻֵʧͣѹĿ϶ͷϸĸΪˣסԼίϵͷ⣬Сܵί治١
ĸҪٳһӣʱʱտ϶ӣͷļֳʱȻҲʢʱ

ĸƫ, ôһԹûУ
估ǰ飬ǵģֻҪֳ۸ίˣĸͻعͷüοӵļֳǱ˫򣬿޵

ɩӽʱҲ䡣
ʱ淿벻ԼĶƤӻôװᣬļȴ൱̡

ɩʵ۾۾ӲǱӡ
ڵһλʱüεĻﻰ⣬ɶΪռӵ˵

ǲ˵лҲǲһ㣬淲ŸôԹ
벻֪ȷʵǿǹĹϵûҰѻ˵ɴͷĸ磬ͬһֲذѻš

ԭɲͬڵûɶ
Ӧ˵Ǹû½ѣȫȱµð̡
ǣƤܺӣϵΨҶ
⶯ͱһأ

ðŵˣƲ˭
ԭ첻ֻ߲ûôĹ˼ɣλʹʮ˰գ˰ֵû⣬ɩǿ಻ԡ
ǣԭץԮϳϴü£һ棬ưհݡ

һΣԭͷһһս

ͷɩ޽淶һֱôԾԭ򣬲ֻǶӲԭ򣬻첻ߵӣ˼ҲŲʲôݲݵġ
ԼȢ淣Ӧ֤һϻһ˲һţһԷ޵¶ˡ

ѣ޷ﶼ£ʹɩʲôС淲㶼ݻȥɩӵܲ£

׽ĸ磬ԼĸҵĺӣʵɩģǱӵŮӰġǣԼҲһͳߣΪڼڣĴĵ׾ϲĸĺӡɩӵĺӣ඼ǳһ

ĸȢϱĸϱϱҲʱԺסţֵܵĸ飬⼸Ƶ˲١
һ£ûϵ˲ɿĸ磬ֵġ

ѵά֮飬Ѵǰֻζһ飬ֻϧҲܱĸĸĸˡ
Ϊͻָ˵Сȣѹסѵ˲䣬ǹ˺ĵʹԾ̵ļ䣬񡭡Ȼܹܵһ̹ǵʹ

˼ĻɫһҵȻǺõģĸ㽲ӣڡ
һ룬⧲Цδ˵Ļ
Ŀһ̧Ȼؿĸ磬ֻԷˣСӣòΪȷ϶ˣ

ɢıУƺһЩĪζ
ͼǣ޿ɿƵһɻɣҪĸȣȻǸɿһЩ

ǰѸ˼ѹٴҡҡͷĸ磬ͱοˡҵĴʵֻдϵĴʵҲ͵͵˼Ҷ˵˴Ǻò˵ġ

ϵĴܻβ㣬ϾȹǶˡѺƶȤζ˹ӣϵĴûͣȷͷиĴ򣿡
һĸ磬˼

صĹͷѣǷŵǰдǵĩԺȴСƣܶܵ侪ˣݹⶼڻ¡
½ҲһԱ

½ǵûݹҲ룬ˮϵͷİȻʱʵ顣ͨĲҩˮҩֲЧһ䣬ЧͺõҩٴˮǹЧȴǿ

ã˵ĸҩ½ղ١õһ֣ʦҴģʦƺҽ
ĩڣ½ܵЧզࡣ

̫ǿʱѪģǿŸҩ༰ҩʵܿ͵ˡΣյʱֻһͰֱֻ۸ϵ½Ҳòȥ˵Ĳλڻء
ҩİҪߵĻָڳˡȻⲻ˵ҩûЧֻ˵ָڣȲϷ޵ʣƻǵöһ²С

ϵĴû˼ȴͦ汾µġнŴֻ㿪ҩĨҩϵĴһ´ƣҺעⶼ½һ顣
ԴԺӿǼΪϴӴ߶ҲƴһõĻ

ζǼĲţ½ҹ͵͵Ϊʲô¡˼˭Ҳɵӣ½ͷ˻˯ɺҩ
½ѾƹһڴļΪûк鷳£ֻ½ܰҩƺãʮʮָܻҲѸҺȻڵԭ

Ҫԭ޵Ķ飬չ˺õµĺӣֻʣͷˡһϣǷ϶ϡƷ޻˵治Թ£Ȼλ治ʲôĴ󷢵ʿ



СĽ͵У˹ҵ˼ǣϴҽеĻҽأ

ҽ
ͷӲ㶼Ҫ˽ļʶǳ侲סϰ飬ȱȥš
صĶӣͬû̾ͻͷǼΪǵüĸ磬ǲǱƭˣСطôҽҽֲʲôˣƾΪҿɱΪҵˣŪˡ

ȱΪµֻ໹һͺá
ʹȻôе׵ġ
һѵƷ˱˵ܵܵӡɵе޵ģֻԻСļֵ
ζһЦȴĪشһ

ѲԷӦǰѧԭı֣ŵС˵ģܸƭĴҲȥƭˣ˾͵øм㡣
⻰е

ֱӱ˵ܵһѾģһΪNɪЦݣֵµİգȷʵ벻ҽģҵҽķӰȻҲõⷽǼٵģΪⷽӿ͵͵ҵġ
ѲŪģһЩ飬ȷʵȥԼģֻǰѶԷ˵Ļټӹһ£Ȼ׼Ūһ¡

ʱܹˣôõģزֻ㣬Ĵﶼ֪ġȴãɸĴǰǵҽˡ˵ǴΪͬһ˵ĵ£ԺͷĽĲΪ֪Ҫش壬˼ҿǸ˼ķӡϾǰǿΪģǴ֪һͷҩĹˡ˵˶κãû˲κðɣ

ҽãϲ̸飬Ҳôѣܹ£ͬȷӡ
ӣ˵Щͷﵽ޵ӣǺƿʮس˽ģ˵Ŀǧȷ
ֵܶ˵̸ȻͱӸˣ



ͻأ룬رֱ׵ش㵣͵ôᡭ
ûûӺͷ׵

䣬һλ˶ӣ֪͵ȴһҲǳֱ׳ſھͱԹǾȻѧվǽ͵ǰҼǵѧվǽǣֱŹӾҪˣôԼѧ
ӣĺĺ

µһϯ̸ʲô׵ģ
߸ƵģƫƫӵƤһ񣬻Ķġ˼ұ죬һ˼ǰ˵ĻȴҲ

һͷӵˣӾͲˣƫ۵µӣ˿ģǸôôáӱֲ࣬ȴҲǾģȻһֵĻͷӻͲҪּңǰΪɶּң

ɷϣϲȨյĸо
ҪǣǱͷӸ˵ģ˵ֻҪּҵĻһӣͷӶܿһ¡

ͷܵĻˡ
ϴڷܣûӰĻ϶ǻƲġ
ϴ󻹺һЩôŮ׸ǲûǰڡ
ȴϴ󶼱ȲϣϱӰӶûСŶģʱǿһϵĲܶʱͲֻƲѣƻñ۸ϲС͵СĶӣҲϲ˼֡

϶ľͱ˵ˣͷֻһȽϻװˡ⵱ҵ˶ôҪǵȥ
ĸӸиȱ㣬ΪΰƼҵȨѳģ
µĶûһ׵ģ

˻˴ͣܳԶȥֻϧһȴ˵¿ηΡ
뿪Ժ󣬾ȥӵģּ֪ҵĻ϶Ӿ͵ñġңƲ۵ռ˱ˣôУ

˼ˣӱ˵ԹˣͷһҶĿģĺαôҪ飿
ΣҲһ飬Ҫȫǲܵģ˵ͷһͷ϶͵ί

ӵƫѾǸٹˣ˭˼ϴϱ
һû˵ϼ仰һίģ춼ڰܻŵһΪԸӣ춼ҪԼӵţ⵱ŵģ˭ҪĶϱ

ƫƫûɶТĵİ鳣ͷԸ˵ϼʵڻӱκ˼ҾͽزȥƤӡ
ƫۣûԵɵġ
ܹһ仰ҪΪ˰ί϶ӣûţ

ζ֮ӷ̫ˣȻǹ޷Ƶ
һ⣬̫Ŷ˵ؾ
ĸĸģܶԼӺĳܲˣ
ȽӲĶˣ˵Եͷӡ

Ϊ˷ּңϴ˵Ļӵģǻһּңεľٶǰ⵱˵ӡǺͷķּңȷʵǹƽָһʵķּӣŶϺͷð

ӴóʵıӣΪܵ˵ġ˿̴ĵ׵ز
ϴϴһĵҡ˭ô󷿱ƭӺ󣬻᲻ΪǵӣĨԸϸĸ

˵׽ףǽ֮ãβǳ֮
ʹ׼ңӿʼͲӿõ˼ңǻʶҪҹŮӲŲҪ׼ҡ
һѪȣɵ˲˼һ֣

˻ͲǻٵģеӲֻ˽⣬ͬʱһѣ޻˵
ĵһ֣ͬҲһӣӵţӵĴ϶
֪ͷӵ϶̫ڣӲŲһ
Ӧ˵˿̵̫ԼҵͷӣöһĹûʣһЩؼˣ˿ɳ֮

ģ϶ӵĴƺûһᱻһЩɥĵظһӡĵĹȻͷӸģһ룬ӵ۵һһ飬Ǻ޲ԼϺһơ

ĳһֱεġϾԺ󣬾;þû˶ΪĻһӡԣӻʱѹû̫ע⣬ʱ򣬼Ǳ㻹С֮һ

ΪΣӲˡû취ɰĺӣʵǺ˺ӵģǰͷôĶӣ϶ӣҲĲ̫ϡںͷչֳݣŽ˼

ͷӴδй̫Եı֣ȴ֪ϰ˼صĶ޷ϴ󣬶ϲĶӡһֱеͷ۵ġ
ǰΪԺϣᴦϴҵģϾƲӵĶϱҲóһ淾Ǹװģߣֻ˵ֵĺۣٳ϶ӣǻֳ˼ġ

һ˴뱲ӣӻܰš
ҲΪˣټضϰЩԹͷӹߵġ

ãĴСͳۣҲĺӲȫûĵġ
㻹һһ˼ΪĺֵܡȻͷϺͿð϶Ӹˡ
զĶӣզϡȻϰ鷳

еͺü۵ҴģҾͺͷû꣡ҪȳģƲǵ˼ĺαزһ֣ҲҵĴͿЩ˵ǲؼģҪģһЩûûøжģ

һԸͷҲǴģȻҪϼ͡
һ̫ţɶʱ˵Ҫˣ
ˡЦһعͷ˵ģҪڱ͵͵㣬ǵòҪֱӴˡ
ͷҲҵ˵һףһף

ȱ»ðջᣬѧӵģͬһУģһغ۵϶᲻ҵģ
ȷʵȳģȻƫⲻТӣ
ۣ



ģܵҩӣӿû¡

һԵĸ̲סͬάֲ˵ѵûȵĿţ治ɫȻеģ¹СӣҿɲߵġңҲҩӵЧΪǰҰѷʱ˼ҴɶⷽӼãСܿ϶ǻûµġ
ˣ
Ϣе

¹ӵ飬Ůͨںӵǲ˲ȵȣղ˵ҩˣ
ⲻǵȻǼû˻ῴҩӷҲǰ׷šһȻǼΪ˽ӵӣҲûζڣܿͲģһݣ³ģԭǷҩҿպˡ

ʵϣ½ҩӣϵǮɲҩġ

Ǹмж˵ˣͷ죬һ˸ͰɽëƤ͵͵ˣֵǮľϹӵƤëȻϹӲʯˮ帽ɽͷԵģǸΪɽĵطû취ס˵ĴׯĲ̫٣ҰҲǻۣԼ

Ϊľܣǰ㶼õı˼סòǸˣʹٻ˭ëƤˣԴ϶ҵģҲ̡

ȴǰʵѵľͬһĵ˲١ǰܹһ˼궼⣬ûôǿˣڴС£ѻĵ

ȻѶ½ˣһȤҲûС
֪һ˵˼٣ȴҲû˷ʱЩ˵ϡ
ʼǶʱ䣬ͷſһӵĶڣϾöˣظҲͦ˵ģڿûоⶫ

䣬һӶͨˣƣ඼һЩǳ׵˼Ѷ⿿ԼӼֶξӦ硣
ñ飬ûˣ䶢пӵ淣ɶԼĺϱ
ƣβҲһ£˳ˡŷ׼

֮ԣǮƣҪҲ½ﲻ붯˵ϱӻһ֣û˼ҹײıĴ㡣
ӣǮܽ鶼¡

ң˽µķ⸸׵ļΪϸ񣬿һֵ֣ߥ޵ǮҲĲ̫ࡣ
ѻһ󣬾Ϊ˹ذ⵹ùĵܵܡ

ӵģȻ£ţϲ׺ʵھͺáھͺãСӾȻ͵ӣ˵ҩ㵽˶Ǯ

ӱΪӣҩӵʱ䣬϶ǻûּҵʱΪһƼҵˣںӣ治ɶϡ¡
ϧԭֻѣӱֵ׶˶ûµġΪӶԴûʧĶӣǿиɣͦ׵ġ

ά裬ںĿҴһ£Ҳû٣ҲһѡҲӣҪҴǮ϶Ҳ빫ʡֻҪһӿ䵽ɩϣѵͲʵǺ𣿡
ӣ

ӵ·Ťһ£ޱҭŵģﵹ͵͵һ֡˵ԭȱ¾治ƾġ
ͷһڣ̫Լ̲ס֡벻֪ĶӵƤӹһȷʵ˲һ뵹Ҳۣ޺ԡ

ñȴ˿̣ƽʱֻռ˱ˣҼٱռϱ˵Ķӣ˵ĿɿڴĻҲӣȻˣ˭ɣȻҩӣǿ϶ãһҩҩľ͵û϶ӣ
ͬѵܲ⣬ĺֻûôӣŵĳ˵һС

ۿɼʧ飬ղűֱ׳Ͼˣ۰ı֮Ҳֻһ㡣
ĵĶӲֻûǸȫҪߣҲû㡣뿴һܲҪӣϾﴧŵҩӣɲõҩӡ

ҩҲȥҩУһҩ͵öӣ˴˴뱲Ҳ϶ٶӣûּһ󣬼һҩҪӣ˭ҲԸⶼȫˡ

ӣӾ֪Ŀ϶ԸóһЩ壬ĵ˽֪ġТĵģһеĿӣƫƫȴ᲻ãһݺóԵģ˵µӶͷˡһϷΪɶƫģɶ뵽ǣܲ

ƫĵȫʶˣԭǮֺöϣƫĵ˽ӡ
ԭֲɵģ˺ôҲһ֣ռ˲ܳþõġ
Ӿ벻ԭС˼ȴ֪ĵļֵܣɴûɹռĵκαˣĵĿɹƭռ˲ٺô

ĸͦõģҲûΪ廨һͭǮ
䣬ּˣĻϱҪӹó֮һ¾㶥ˡȻĽһûó֮һʵǺˣ֤ƫû۴ˡ

벻֪ѴֻӾ㵣ֻû°͵Ĵӡ

ѵسнŵĿ⣬һʹϻ˵˽һҩǰʹ򣬲͵ûһһ㣬͵ûʮӡǰûϽô˵ҵܵܣ˵ҩǮʹһͷɣҲĸһƬ⡣

һӶϰ˵ӣĵ󷽾ǰסˣ
һ£һҲգظȥԼһ£֡Լ̫ܶ
٣˼ҿ϶ǻкüۻӣĶƵģ

ӿɱǶϸģϲ١˼ƽĿǿˡ
Թԣǰզ֪ԼģǡƷ˽ĺˣ

ĳԾ̶Ȳ٣ǰĲ׵ʱÿζ˲Ȼûһӱȵ

ĶԶ׼վƵˡ
˰Σ̲סʵĸ磬ĺܵˣɩ֪𣿡

ôһ䣬ʵĸɩ˶۾Ƶġ
һӲʲôСĿȻᵣĸΪ˰·ʧ͡

ƿڴ⺢ӣǸͷӽɵ˲ɣѵĶԸ⻨ӣɵӻôɶ
Ҳ壬뷨Ҳ֪̫ŵĽᣬǵ϶ӱ˽ŵĺӡ
мˣһȢʲô˼ҵĹŮ

ϴԺͷעѪĺӡ
뷨ֻ˽ѣ˻ܹ뵽Զĵط

ļķʧͣӿ϶ҲܵӰ졣ֻСһѾͷޣ̫ţļﻹǵĴӡ
ӱú϶ӣͷһӣ˼ҶʱйƤ

Ҳ̫ϱ˰ɣһĵĲ⣬֪ŴϱϵҪԣڵˣɴô˻ΪԼϱˢһøжȣϱͻţɲɩֻҰҲûжɩôģһӻġ

ȵȣ˵ΪҩϱģһģȻǰɲ̫һ

ǰ˵˵ȥұȽ۹⣬һôʶĺϱһĵ⣬׸ҲؾʹԼϱϱɱһôӾҶеۣƼΪС飬ԷԲã˯˯ţ顣ϱƽ֣˶ԵɱȴɩͶɩТĶˣҶСҲĵۣܵ治ص֡

ѵı̫ţ٣ȻΪ档
ò˵һز½ڹŵӡ󣬾һ֪£ǲС

ֻ˵̫ʱȷʵüŮʡĲ١




26.  ע   һξźͷϸʡ

һξźͷϸʺ, ½ɵ֪è壬οɵ

ðļƤ½毺üһ, ޿̵ץ, ֱӱʵʵǲ͵͵ʲô

½ⲻ̫Ϥӵ˶ëһο֪ӵ沣

ƣ淶ˮϴµӶûס, ԺֱӾһصˮѾһ˫Ьǲ֮, ˮմʪ˴Ь档Ѿͷͬһп, ˮﲻ, ͵͵س½һۡ

˵Ļת䣬½ĥľȴδ϶, Ѿ, Ͼͱ˸ˡͬģ⻤޵, ķӦǱֻ첻һ۲ġ

ðνСһûĵȥÿһˣ浱еġ
½ﲻͬϱѵļ⡣
£ī, ɨѾһۡ

ͬڷ޶ǱӻУѾĸоȻҲ½δתƣѾȻµͱ۵ס

½ĸµü΢һƼ½һ£ظ˰ʾˣٿ̫ˡ
һʱͷѴͲȱġ
½ҶĶۼջߣȴûʲôҲ뵽˭Ĺˣȥ㡣

ּǷּңû·ӣǰԺͼ˺ôһӣЩ󲡵沣Ů˺͹ɶ¡

Ȼ֪зִ磬´κôȴкʡһ½˶ϱе̫ӦҲѹͬȫɵۡ
޹ϵģ֪ܸģȷʵˡ

ϴٶȣ½ﱾҪװ˹ﲻסЦ⣬뵽һЩ飬վ̲סȷһ£һ徻졣

ŵһͦе̵壬ͼΪעСѧǰͷţһЩԼûжΪ˸ĸܻʶΪӱǡ

оһԸ˴ɩԼŮĶԻ½üΣ޷ǾǶԺϣСһѧһõı֡

һķʯˮУȷʵǡ

ӰĹϵϵֵ»ճõأӵӣһҲûܼܵȨû˵Ӱ졣УӵıƢֵҪĻ½ļ沣ûһŵĶ֡

ӵĺɫĳһ̶ֳҲǸ½

˱˵̬ȣּҲû˸Ҷ˵Ự˭լʲôӲӵĻ۽𾦡

ּһ£һЩӼϱװסʹƼҵȨûˣӵȨȴȻڡһʱ±ѹĶϱɶûеӸҺŽа塣

Ҳ÷ʱҲͷˡ
û취ȫҾûɫȰһغ÷ûҲòʱǷ
СС֮ȼһ󣬹ս

ԭ÷̫Ըһ۾׵½ﵹͦģΪûŪ
ëƤС£в٣½ӦӦܶʡһ㣬Ҳġ

ûЩ˵ģ½ﲻֻˣ¹۲⡰ڲͬıֶŮ

ѾΪ˴³Ʋϳ
ųĬֶŮȴвСĲࡣ

½ѱӿеòĲҶһ򣬴Ȼ£ιӦڵֻѵõİ뱻ƻ
ΨһıǶ˽һЩ

ʱعעȻȴֻǵظһ仰ģʲô˵ġ

ѵ˼һʮֻ죬Ѿͬ
йһ飬ȴǾùʲôв

ڵҲ̫⣬Ƿּһ㣬ķ󷿵ͻûˡ˫ԺǺǴվˣⲻֻ屸˰ﶼѾµǼǡԺ˴类˿ȥ֣ܵҲûĵˡ

ͷоλѫ˼ңһ÷ּҵʱ򣬲ҲѪֵܸ˳ȥƽգССģԸòĸԼ˭ȥּܷҺֵӣͷһҵֵܣȴϵµӡοּҵͷ˳Ƶϴ¹µأĴ˼ңһùġͲվڴһͷ

һе̬۹⾫׼ٵҪǣбݵĲࡣңķĿǰǰŮҲûУͬ±һ־ѾͻģͲǣʱǵκӰ졣

ѵĻζ½գգ۾ض˼
ǷޣѾ仯ˣӦûˡ
ԣһͷעѾ仯ˣֻѺ½ѡ



֪ԼۣѾе֮˵òͷ˿һƬ⣬ʶһ֣·Ǹɵģ

Ѿһɶͷԣ벻֪̫ΪʱµذĿ˻

һѾķʲ٣ȴ̲ס±Թ֪ƫķԺϵܶʱٿһķǲĻТǡ

ϱӵĴףѾӡǸܹ̣һޣһ㶼ķʲôϢ

෴ģûһЩϺȵˣѾԼޱȵģƾԼҵڿܸɣӿ϶á

һ뵽ԼãķǿѾζ̲סЦѡ

Ѿʱʱϰ͵Ѿײţһ̧ͷѾŤЦŵò·˺һƶ

ѿüΪףһͷѾıˣȷǴڡ
ѾȻ֮һ

鲻ԸذѾ·͵֮ͣϴһ·ҲҿѾһϽԼӻǰʱذ·˹

Ѿ͵͵һĵѾͷһ㶼ʡġ

Ѿϲ͵Ѿһ㣬ʱʱضƣҲһƣȻ϶ҲñҲˮ

¸Ͻһ·棬Ѿȷ·ȷʵûбĺۼ

÷Сĵģ֪ð·ϴˣ϶ֻᰤᶼпܵġ䣬ϵ·ػԸģ·ƣѾ붼֪Ρ

ƽտɲ˼ңһļѴҳԱû⣬Ҳݳ޵궼´һӵĵˣôſҪԷүҲ궼Ϻɫģ꾰õӣֻܻͨϵס

÷޽Ҳ꣬޹ûʲôױϴõģһǵҲŻϵĵӣϸ̶ȱӣ˵й֮޲

ѾҲʮ꣬ٹҲǿԳ׵ġ
ĹңСʱçײƤҲʱҪЩ
ͣ滹Լﶯһ٣;Ļš

ѾԼĵӣѾɲ˵ôһ㣬·ܴҲҺ·ûȻҿôｻ

һЩ£Ѿٻ첻ߣҲ±ºֵᣬ˵ϴ÷·϶ñϼ

ѾӣҲǹģⲻƼѾı飬ԲСıŵ𣿽㣬øղŵѾЦж£˿Źֵġ




27.     ôͲĹŮء

˵ѾѾʱ˼ص˭Њûעɶ, ôһ˵ǡҼǵǰͺƺ«ƵģڵǱ仯ͦġ

, ԭҲ˰Ѿ첱, ѧӣ˵Ƿر£׽սȻѹ˵һΪֻע⵽Ѿı仯, ǰΪѾһʵ, ۸żһ£û뵽Ѿ㶼װģһּ, ԭα¶𣿡

ﻰԹ
׻˵ĺ׶׳, ѾûּǰΪ˿ʱʱض, ϵ, ඼ǰ˸Ӵ򲻳ƨѾ

ϧѾԺ, ֻ侮ʯĶû˵ļޡ
ȫ˼ҲûæȻֻôһΣλծûǮܣ

ڣ˵Ѿ£Ѿ޲ðԽøݲȵص¡
ò, £һȲֲýã
ƫƫ˺ұ˵춣һԼﵱһ¡
Ѿ˺ӣڿˮͷţ಻ԡ

ѾѾ޵õǶá
ôǵ˻Լﵱһ£ֻûжҲûȾ϶񫣬ԱѾȻͬϵµĲ

ЩӣѾֻûռѾıˣһԷһ飬ҲѹѾΪѾ㶼װġ

Ѿ۾ǷѾϣϾǵģѾֳĺáѾҲһΪͷһﱲĴɲŮܱȵġ
ѾҪ˵û뷨ǲܵġ

䣬𿴲һ꣬ҲͲ˼¶ѡѾǽӽβģѾڹļµġ
Ժ˵ף϶һǰһ飬׾ͱȽϡ
һЩ²

Ѿ֪˵ԣͲϲ䣬ȻҲϰ߶Ѿơ˵ڴİСӣϲ͵ŴѾ㡣
һͷأ˵ˣӬӰӶûУôƣ

ΪﲻѾȻû̫ע˵ı仯ѾãΪʹʹŷѾͷ

ֻñѾͬҲûռѾıˣܹͱȽϴѾҲȽ϶һЩǵû취ô˵ּˣǲװģ󷿶ûϵˣԺҲӵˡǰʹ󷿵ˣǴûӣԼõ㣬ⷿö˵ʲôһذ鶼˻ȥ

ԣѾ黹ǼΪˬ̲סͳڶԣѹѾô죬˵˵ȥҲŶϵǿ⡣ǣǿⶼûأô֪Ƕӣ

ѾĿѾ·ŵƵģϽΣȷע⵽һͷŵ˵ӣôô˵ƽССûϵ飬ŵĴûǱ󷿵ǰ˵ˣ

ﲻѾʵҲΪȻںϵ汲ٵģڳһȺӣܹ˵һҲûСԶ˵Ŀأͷй֮޲ѾĻĿȾ²ͨīĺû֪

ܣѾ±ԼӸۡ
ٹ꣬Ѿ˵ˣĺûǹϵˣĵͬѾĻȴҲܱ¶ֺ

׽͵šһѣѾʹðһУ˵Ͳ˵Ҳֶˡ
Ѿʳָݺݵش˴ԴϣҲֺݣ˭ЊܲԣҲһ룬⻰ˣҪҪˣȱ˵󷿵˻ǺފǱүˣûкùӳԣ

ѾµͷӾռݵһﶼȲ
Ůӡġ
벻֪Ů̵ı仯ԲӴʱͷûϴӡ
Ů̫ѹν

һ뵽¶˵ģѾͲһѧ׽ղŵģ͵͵ƣο϶ܳԵġ
ѾȴԼӴǳԲǴ򣬰ɿԶûС

Ȼһ뱹Ѿ̬ήҵûд󷿵ɵʹԺ󲻻ҪһֱһЩɣ
Ѿ

ΣͬɵѾվ̫סŵˣ뼰ܼ˵䣬һҲҪüС˿ڲ࣬һӵļҲʡϴˢ
ӲŹȥѣѾҲ۲ѡ

ͬ½ǰԤϵģɩ÷Ҳһġ
ּҺȻʹ󷿵ˣԼŮ

˼ң˹ŮȻǽǮйŮûŮģԳƵر
ʹڿѾϵĻ˵Ҳ١
÷ԼķϣʹŮĺ

ڵĴӻ÷ӵ׹ŮϣּҺӣ÷Ҳо̫ѹ
ǣѾѾȻӵļλǼΪӦ

Դ̣ѾѾ÷ߡ˷֣СͶҽڶ
öˣǳĺŵӣҲѹǻ಻ԡ

÷Ҳȱ£ҪĥԼ׹ŮֻǱԼСʱĴȫҵӣҲͱҺùһЩѡ
٣ҵ˻ڿ죬ֵñ˼Ҷˡ

ұļҵ׾Ͳôҵ˸ֶǴʳģҲƲ϶䣬ҵ˱𿴸ͷСȴӷųġ
ǵ٣ҵˣǵӴġ
ôλ꾰õʱ򣬻ȥϴ̹ȴҶ̹ҡ

˿ֵάճãһ϶ûʲôá
ͷ뿿ֵعǿԣҪ¸ͱˡ

⼸үԣһӵ㲻ǰ׷ѹҵ׵Ǳ÷ǰҪһЩ÷С¡

ûһҪڹŮѪմմС˶ѡﲻԣĻֵеʱ÷СһũҪԱŮڵùŮǵͷԼеĺס
ã
Ѿһãľһûˡ

׽˭˽˭
ѾĬģѾ״ԺͰƲƲ죬û˿õĶ󣬳ԿĿɲֻһѡ

㻹ǱˣֻҪٰͷС
С֪ðһ£һͲþ
䣬ԺһѻҲܹģѾᣬզ

ѾһģѾһĪ˵ӣɶ⸱ӣ
Ѿбֻ늅ԺһѻҪһҾ;ûˣ
Ѿ

ãûõԵ׽õʵݰοѾ⡣
ãǲӡ
֪֪ѾͱϾСﻹǻһЩơ

ѾήҲĸо˵㣬ѵûɶҪ˵𣿡
Ѿ۾һ˼ҿɲǴ󷿵ˡ֮⣬ɵ

ѾһҭǹȻ׽ڲƽ֮ʣɵܵܺķӷƫƫ
̧ͷһƣͷˣܵܿ
ֻССӶһֺǵõСѵƨɺͷкҲȥһøСèƵġ

Ľּһ鲼ӶͷûڴİһεذŲ֣ĶǰץȥϴһĻ

ôѾûбôضԴ
ﱾǴֲӣ˵һŮޣôһԺ󣬱ĽСܣƺĽСѼõܡ

Լҽ㲻װ٣׽һ㣬һĸͬ
ǣѾʲô˵ʲô̾ôͲĹŮأ

ķֻûŮޣСּ½۳Ѿǳķ㲻϶ҲǱŮǲݵĲԴ
٣εĹÿ͵ܵõĶһģү̺͵ÿθʱҲֻܵܣͨǹ۲롣
½벻żεĹƽԴͰѱֶŮĺøжȸˢˡ

ķ飬Ѿһ͵·˳ǵҾþĹŮڵҲȽϺùһЩ
ӿǰͷѾԼ֪һûӵ档



õտʼ½ﻹеעһͷͱڵı˶ǸȫĻ
ٹһӣӾûʲôˣʱ䣬϶ҲôõƢ

½ﵹҲ̫Ū⡣
е񱣬һˣŪࣿ
ȻĿһɨεĿűߣ˲

½ۼϷִʪĻ࣬һѺҲֻжɵ𣬺ɵɵģ˸ϲĸо
ֶȻǱ˶ƳڻңСһź̬Цɤŵ

פЦ룬½ﰵһʡ
ҲˣһųͰ׵ЦգƣӺ⾫˾ϲȥˣģЩʲôǡǲСˤˣ

ôޣ̫ѵˣ½ﶼеϧͷġҵ治ǵС޻ʱȫʱȫĸޣҵĵλûʲôҲ½Ժź࣬ǰʱɶһ˶

СѺСʯѾͦĵĸ磬һЩϷܴŻ߲Զĵܵˣ
ʱСӶһ˴ģǺò

½ˣֻһ㣬ʱͶͯͯһҲɣΪ˴̼С˵Ըദ½ͬ⺢ӿҲһϻ۵ģҲ

½ѹŵ̬ƵصȴϹ

˲ϵĻСģǰӣ׻׵òɫ
С˻Свնֻ֪ԼķṦΰҵûļҫδϣӢ۶ûɣͱ˵ɹˣôУ

£СӾͰСҡ˹ģԿسˤǴˣߣ

Сֻ֪ˣȴܺƭˣȻͬܺƳɹСʯӸϽͷһ͸֪Ӹǲ׵ġ

ˣ
½ЦЦˣԭǴ˰һǳ˲ãСӵһ¿϶ø˵˵úóһʶ

úСؿĻصû⣬ҵһ¾˵
ССʯӣ군ˣ

ֵܶ۵С˾һ۾Ƴµè壬㷲ƫƫﻹĻֵ̬Ūϰ£ͼһ㡣

СӲķİӿСһչˣС˲˸ɾֽŵҲϴһǸɾֶʵС 

Сһʱ֮侹Ȼѵ׽ͬ뷨ͬĽãʱﲻҾˣһ㶼ûе˵ʲôԣͻۣá
ֵܣ




28.     ܹһ仰ǿˡ

ҿСӵͯͯû, ÷ȻͷƲ
һߣֵܵᣬԼﵱȻ᲻, ȻǼõ, ǡ̾ƺĲʱι

ѵľ̫¡
˶һںڰֲָΪ, ½ﻹǵ͵ơһֵ, ͵ĹƼ½ɫȷеƲ

Сѵͷ, վʮ, ˵ɣҪôУ
СʯӼ׸綼, һԸⱻСѱȥ, 켴˲Ҳǡ

½̴ֶʱֹס, ׻һĨͣñǵӰϳϵǴӮĻǴģ
һʱסСѣӮġ
˵׸ûӦСʯͬһɶͷԵɵģ

ⲻŵ׵ǩĶҲͣˡ
ͷƵزһߣģͦε٣һĻ
ϧջ
˶ָǷ׵ȻҲûԸ, ѹǰۡ

Сܲͷͬһӣ׽ϱֻֻϧӵ飬ǵõȵսʱ뷨ȻôôȻ飬½ԥվΪã쵫һá
Ĳϸһ©ˮô죿

һǡֻźطԭȵĴ㡣ضȦˣȵչۼֳǲҲд㣬ܹ黹½ҵļ޾ˣԼ׳
ͣθһס˵ӣֻһӣ֪ʶǷǳḻֿ˶Ρ

¼˵˼ɵĶӣһǷװظ˫һ̨׵ȻǴӮǾûʲô˵ģҪǴ˵Ļǧȥ˵ѵĶӡ
ֵܣ

½תӣεضɷһѽյĿ϶ﰵ⣬ϵһɵСӣǴҲֻһΣûֻһΰɣ
ԣֵΪԼðҪʱ˭׵ֻһתĵԣԭ򣬿϶Ǵܣ
ֵܣ׵ⲻ˵˵û˵

ԡˣ
СѼҪץСʯǽŵoС½˶ҪһЩˡȻ⻰Ǽٵģ½ҲӲСŻŻһ¾ˡ

½ĵģ˱ȻǵùĹԼĺӣ⻣һǵ˵һܲԭСӾȻ͵͵ȥϪˮߣү֪ˣ϶Ҳһ١

ɽˮߣΪʯˮС
ʯˮľɫʯΪڣҪжദСӡСϷˮ϶ǴСڻûգżͷҲˣСпԭ
ʹڣǰˮλǣкܶӵˮˢ̫ǳСϪٲȻСϪӣúӷˣĺҲһ
Щˮ߿ǳϪʵͷһЩ¾͵羱

ֻɽúͯɥǰС̰棬ŴȥϷˮֱûؼңȵд˷ֲԾʱúõһӾѾûˡ
ûһӣֶõ졣
һ⣬Ĵ˷·ٴɽļ䣬ʼԼҵĺӡСȻҲظһ

ȺƤСӾ첻Ϸߣ˷ԸȻҳţ̫ˣ
һү̣СʯӣСﷸȻͷ飬ıֹɫƺЩĲ
Ƴһ˼½ü

ĸ֮䣬䵱ƤЦ̬͵գЦӴС춼ܹƿӣǵĶл˵һ˵
ѴͲӶݳˡӵıŤҲɢ
ֻӵСֱֱͦͦеسһ飺ǲŲ͵ȥϪģΪˣʱϹţȥСɽܵϪߣ֮֮¡

⻰ʮ㣬ҲСǲ໰Եʡ
һߣСʯӸϽͷ㷴ӦæٰС貹ϹŰǵģǵϪֻ߲ҵСɽ磬Сɽ类۸Сɽĸһͷֵ治ˣ˶۸˾ˣҪǺһˣǻҪСɽˮ

ֲãֶһĺµɫƤӲǶֻ̰棬ǻ浱һȱѵĴӢۣ
½˳ƻɫԭǻһ´°
ССܳ裬ܲίģͽǣûв

½ﲻ裬εǣΪĴûŪǵҲдȻ˺£ô˵
ĵһңԭķ
Ҫ֪ԭǽСŮ˺ɷţͲǻֱϴˣǱԡ

ѼӲֵܶϰΪҲںǸƺĲ鲻Ըһɫ֪ͣᰤˡ
СʯӻԵ˭ΪǴܡ
֪ô⣬ǴһǰҲȥˮһ¡аɣҲ׼ˮ棬ôһҲ̫֡

½ӲصȣˣǴˡֻɫҲˣٶϲԵĲˡ
һ仰ֵ˲۾һίʲôģȫԺ

ӹתתȻܹҪʲôóԵģû˵ġ
в֮ʣ׵ȴɷ羰ʵˣ˵Сɽû°ɣ

½˼ôͻȻ
ĿɻԼԼɲǻˡ

ֵûش𣬾ȫҲںߣ̬ǽһ̹Ȼ˸ӣһ̺ϥ֧֣Ͼ´οɱٽϹţ˼ҿʯԺҪʯ֪𣿱Ͼʯźоɣǵĳ塭Ҳ֪ǵʲôϵɣ˼ȥǰΨһǣҵʣʯ̣ǽҪúտ˼ҡԣСӣǽǰ˴¡

ĪĿ佱ͻֵܱ;Ժ£ӸƮƮȻ
СѵԲӦ˵СӴСϰߣԵεʱֻ

Ӵϻ۵˲뵽Źֵĵط԰ȻϹʯźүүоɣôûн
첻ϹţֵСɽĽģ֪оɣֵܿ϶һˣġ

벻֪ѰҲûУرȻϻǲ𣿡
ֵܣȷʵ׵µ¡

Ƕ⻰һҲɣ˶һѾı顣ѲŲΪȷʵԭĹѾǺĵġ
ǰϾζͷˣеĻرѻǼˡվܵӵԭӰ죬ټϼ壬˼ͷεضԴԭ

ûģûĵĵزռ˼ҵӣԭӦµĶ飬ô˵Ҳûرһ¡
ѿûǰȦµլأôһ롭ƺͦԵݵģ

˰䣬½һȻҼǵû˵Сɽʯ̹ĺӰɣ
̫õĶ½òײ֪˵Ϲ˭ˡ
ܹһ仰ǿˡ

ʯͬһˣ˵ȴǿ࣬ɥɥӣǼֶŮԺ¿Сɽϴ峤һͷŹĺӡ
һϱŪȥ½ͣǰҲ£ʯô˵ϴ峤ֶŮô֪˻᲻ۡ

ϴ峤ʯˮͷɱõĶ࣬ԭҲ벻һ
Ϊ˻ծһٵյ£ȥ峤˵˵ϾʯƤԸ񣬿Ҳɲ״һ¡
˭βϵĶһȺޣʯƫɲӵԸ񣬷ϴ峤ҲΪֶŮ鿼ȫ

Ȼ˻һ׵һڶе
Сѵ֪׵û壬ֻ¿οСҪ˵ϸһ㣬ǳ֣ʯŪöҪ׷ͺڷˡ

⻰ĺţСʯΪȻص˵ͷ
С࣬ûô񶾵£յľʵֵܸһСʯΪ𺳡

СʯҲܹû˹ܵζԱСɽ磬ȻԼڸҲΪ
Сɽ粻ֻû˹ܶѣĸһͷݣѹˡ

䣬ͷһܣһ̱ŮˣСʯֻۡŮˣȻСɽĸĸСɽϵˣһӶһ֣ͷغ
ֵһſھһͨв˶Сɽ϶ഷʮ¡

ƽϻҲ꣬Сʯ͵͵½࣬ǲǸ״ֻһЩֵܣͷĸҲ˺üΣСɽıĻˣҲûȥûȥҴһУСɽ̫ˣСɽ粻⡣Ѳɡˣܲ飿

ҲƫĵˣƲۣǲȻּ仰Ҳзִ磬ͨСôҲҪ˶Էĺģ
ΪԼǼ棬֪һɽһɽߡ

ʲô˼СʯӴһ֪⡣½ﵹ֪ԭ򣬿ǵԺĳ·Ժ϶ӵ飬˿ǳʶҲá

½ͦĵذͣӦòǹ̵ĹϵСɽǸĸԵǳˡ˵Сɽ⺢ӵĸʱڹŹһ⣬ԴӴ˾Ϊġǿ֪˵һʲôҲȰͨģƫĿɱ̻ҪǶˡĸˣϴ峤ҲŰСɽ̸ʯֻ̣⺢һ·

䣬Сɽ⺢ӿƿǱ½ҳǣ˼̫࣬½ﻹܹͬ飬ֻٵڴӵżңҲǹ̺ͬӣ˼ҸĸģǿȥƴԼӣ̴Ͳɡ̯ĸ⺢ҲȷʵǲףĸѪͰգƫƫֻ̰ȫȫǿԼĺӣΪ̷ϺӣԼͷ⣬ԼϿӶƽ⣬Ҫ֪µΪǲġ

½һνӣֻСʯ۾ģСѶһҶԭô࣡
½ԥԼ᲻һ¶̫࣬ʱΧǣԸļƷоˣҪ֪졭
׵Ľֵ޲ۿ¡

ȻǶ룬ֵģһҾȥϴ峤һ£϶û˵õѵ
вȥھһ棬Сһ⻰Ȼȱ˸䣺Ҫô

ûֱӻش𣬶Ǽ˵ϴ峤ʯѡ̵ĺӣɲѡģҲСɽ⺢ƷأЩҪʹƻˣҲһ˼ҿϲϡҪ֪ˣϾǱ˼ҵĺӣֵҪ˺ӣѾǼ򵥴ˣǰ

Ҫǣϴ峤ʮ㣬ֶεӽһ壬ѹƽﲻܹ֪λǼ
ϵõ˶˽飬ϴ峤ɴͲɻӲֶŮֶŮǣˡ
ӿûжٵĻȴ֪ʯϴ峤ŵˡ
˵ΪʲôҪأ




29.     һ

û, ǴǱĬ⣬Щ˶ӣôöͷĶ
СһЩ, ٴһԸ, ֱֱ

дһĳͬ˼ʵʵ塣
λУһѳס

˶ǽ̲, ͷ鷳Ȼֻ಻, ѿûжΪʰ̯ӡ
Щǣɻûѵ
޹ؽҪˡһݵķѵǴȱ
, , ൱⣬һЩ˵ֶ, ½ǲϲ, δʾ
֪һҲԸΪ˵

ĸ, ûʲô˲á
ļ˴˻¶˿ڵĳһĻĻΪ˻ȥľͲֱ˴ˡ
ѵܹ֪ϧʱһְأá
ѾСΪЩӸõӣʡõͷˣҲΪġ

ǻûѧߵܵ·, ٳһ;ɲҼңһʮֻġ
Ѷ˵̫ܵĴƽ˲ʺϼӪӪĹٳ֮·ʺϵһҰ׵Ľ

ȻĶݵȷһƲĹĿܵܵļҲ൱ףֻҪıУһֲؼԺ
治ϿҲȷʵ˷ʡ

Ĵ䣬Ѻ½ﲢ׷ŻѪŬһ⣬Ľȴ⣬˭ټڡ
ңǱ˻ɣҲЩ顣
ϵĴ̫ܲ١

ȻŴͼҪΪޣΪ⣬Ҫһö
Сҵļѻ
һ˾㲻ƽƽҲܹѹĴڡ
ֻܱӻһӣһһˣŵǲΪѡ

ƽµľ벶죬ǰĩ꣬Ϊλ֮ף֮һʷ˹м飬ǡɴ˿֪һģǿǽ첻Ӧеصز顣

Ҳ³͢նµ̰ʤɱӺĺݾֶΣ˻Ȼһµ¾档

ƽؼε֪أսսڿҿҡ
»ʵǻʮ꣬˲̰Ĺ峯ֶ͢ονѪӵ˶ԼͷȥͷԵطƿ
ͷûһЩùĻͷյӣȻͻùࡣ
ǡ˭ȷܹһֱȵȥˣ

ѵ˼ܣʿ˼Һƽ£ٶı¶Ǻ֮ء
ǲܿƿҲȥƿԭȢǰͶѧҵҲûһˡһӵʱ䣬ܱѧŸ߰˶Ķˣ浱ϵ˶ɵӲɣ

п
ССµطܳһǻ۲׵ϴ峤λƽʱòƲۣҪͷҲѰ˿ɱȡ

ܰؼһ˳ϱ½ԸЩʹֲʶһȴҲǼʶǳ䣬ڵһ壬һЩϵĵϣ˼Ҳ͢ȻܰѼ屣ˡ

ڣԲδһ
Ϊ˱óͷǱ˵ǰͷ˼ɵ
һ£϶Ҫļ֣һ֪˺Ū벻֪ʵ



ϴ峤һ״Ƽϴ峤µɫѵ̸е̹

ⲻΪ˻Ƿծĵĸĸ˻䵽õ顣ѵĻˮضزסһˣʲôģʶؾͱǰҲʹһضƤɿϴ峤ĻȻ١

𹰵ĿģضһѵĲ𣬱¹ܱ˵ĸηȼգ˵־֣κεˮ

ԭǷµĳŵ֪ƽû̫ĽԣȻίʵŹһЩ
Ľ͸˵ˡҲĵĹŴ¶úϸ
ϾһǰδȢһȴ˹Ѹɱʱϣһڲ

Կη˸ӴŹϵʯ̣𿴼˶һ˴һСƹ¿˼ҵʵù
µŲԩԩһ˿ܸףٵĶ˵ģ׵ĶȾɺڵġ
Ϊ˱Ϊ˱ӼȻѾ£ѾͲٲȥ

˵վûԼҪûץҩӣ̧ž͹һ䣬չػε˴ӣ˼Ҳֲֻ֡
ڶޱҪ



Ϊ֮һ÷ȱϢԴ֪ӳһε̲ס߶ҵģ֪ĵֳ𣿡

մͷˮ۵ùǺ
ֱ˿ּ̣ҵĻͷôˮãҪ
Ȼּҹȱɶȱˮϴ·ˮ󷹣ˢ롭һܲˮ

װˮĸһգҪ͵÷һੲݵ죬ûɵؾ̰߶

˿̣󶼺˳ˮ۵Լ
⶯ּ뷨϶ӱŸˡ
ʱܹµأһҿԼӣѲ֪˼伲Լֻϧûкҩ




30.  һȱ   ڶ

ĵܳɶֵϡ棿

װˮպ, 뵹ˮһꤹ˼ˮ¶ǣžûˡ
ͬ, ԱԼּҺ, Щ켸ӵĳü޶˵ؾЩͷҪ˵һ첻ʲô£Ѳɾֻ֪ű˵һĶֵأ

ָⷬ, ÷ɲ, λĿͻˣʲô첻£һûҲղ𣿡
÷һĪ

ղ˻ãһȴɫ, еѻ
ŵ, ֲǹȥǷͰ, ôЩˮɣ
ķûûζ, һ컹˵ӣ춼˵Ļ, ӵԹԡ

ӵʱҲģɻҲܳԵųɱһûʱӾ졣
Ρ䣬һοһ̣ܶ۷ѣ

δּǰҲʱУµͺ, ΧûѳԵزȲϴǰղ˵ˮƽ
Ψһӵķ࣬²ȥԭ

ڼȲǼģҲҪӦƾ١
İ䣬Сӳӵ͡ᣬôһӣܳܳԵȥ

ǰΪʱ˵Բǻ˵ӣ˵ӣǵȥƴ
ǡòˣٻһɣ

յĲûģԼˊ⣬һˣУһ슅ɶɣֻ֪ȥϹģĻȫӸ׹ŮܰȷСë٣ȴҲ涮ۺӵĺõ

С£һþãһӡ
ҵƺĶϱġ
Ȼ͵ĵزʮ÷Ķ֣

Ȼҵ˿ûдŮ˵ĴͳӻһˣΪ˼Ů˳Ļˡֻ˵÷ˣҲģһӲһ㣬÷ֻ˵ı˭졣

վͷŮһ׵ɫҲ÷
ȥ˫ţವһ£ؾ
Ѿ滹ȻѾͱϾСɫͷѾ¶ֲ֧ĺ飬ͷ׵Ǹе׽֡

ΨһĶӣϴﶼ֪顣ȴû뵽ǽĿ಻ԣҲܱ
Ϊ׵ֻῴصܵܣû׵Ȼﻹǣ
Ѿеܳˡ

Σ÷͵ʴףҲЩ̫ΣΪּҾӳƴ
˳ԹۉQΨһ»Ϊٿûãⲻŭ
֣ŭɶ

ȻҸߊٲ£͸ҹңȻһһ᲻ȥӊŮӶܣո˾Ͳ֣Ҳһ־ӸˣŮҪҲ̷ֽ˭ҵĵôµģһֱڶԹĴҪôҵһҲУʰʰ؊ңұ֤



ļɹ֪һƨĵطһסң˵ĺ½ʵ̲סس˳ǣνĲ
ûֹֻ˵ŭСѱһӣôˣ

ģСӵͦģӦ˵⺢ӵУֻΡΣȺУֱǰδе˼ζ˵СӣСֵܶûԹôͺǵʳһȥĸӶ޲õذͷҲˡ

ٴ˺ôһΣСӹſɰӣܲĵû£ǵڳܰɡ
СʯһۣܲŵʵӸ磬ôһ㶼ģ
⻹һֱƭø

˵Ӳ˼飬½ﶼһЩ죬벻֪˼СͬΪʲôģ̲˵޲Ƕѹ磬ѹ磬ⳳܲͦ𣿡
½
ֵܣ

Сеᣬȷʵô˵޲ֻ֮û뵽õֻǰΣͷ̵ĵһɶ
㲻ǸĨڣ

һԣۼСĲΪСʯӼⲻܣ̲סΪĹۡ
ԼҵãôûܳӣǻԼҸĸСʯӾԼ϶˵

С¶Щѧ٣δɵܹԹɫĽ׶ΣСǼ͵ػ˻ӣС죬һ֪ػΣһһ

½ﲻɫջؿϷ˼ϽµټһεСӵСͷζԻʢСϻ𣬱С̰ȼ֮һЩ衣

ҲϽ֡
üһСѺСʯһʱ䣬Сӿֶ죬˭ٶིϻ

Σ½񣬲ʲôӵǺķѴһ㡣ǵֶҲ˰ˣСĵһЩСˣ½ǰ˸ˡ

ǴѾ½ﵹ治ּóԵĳȥɽˮƾŷ޵ı£治ȱطҳԵġ䣬ƲɩӣͦϲѾǵʳǺöԣ˼ңǹڶлܳԵġ

˵ֶС˳Ե㣬СѺСʯͬҲǳԵԲ
ͷĶʮΣĸСӼ÷ؾ̸⡣

СʯϧؿѾӣ͵͵һüЦӸ磬Էռֵıˡ
һٲ㣬ְֽȰõĸεݵԷϣ⼸ûȥָѾѾ졣

һ뵽һµĴ£СʯֻźĵĲᣬվûгڲ˵ĻСȴǴӦ֪ˣҿ϶ûȥͶԵģлл
֪˵ƣС¶ƵˬЦݣûôƵСζֻе̵ġ

С׳׳ȴֲһʳģʵڼ黬ĶͷԵǶһġ
½׶ŵĲɩôһӣλһк󸣵ġ

ֻСֽСӵĶǴδйϸ֪Լ˸߿һֻۣ֪ôĶ÷ָͽԣôʶζСѵó̾ипôͲء
СѡСʯӣ

ӣСʯӺòײŸܵʲôĸ²ιӸ磬ԵĶԷ㣬ɲܷ㡣
ԣ½ﶼ̲סһЦ

СѰӣûܵôֱףõԲԵӣ⻰ɲٽǱĻ϶ĵġ
ССѵһ˫أΪƶŲģֻҴȥֽóԵûķݣ
ֵϹ˵ʲôʵ



ʵ֤֪ĸĪӣСӲ˽÷ˡ
ŮԵ㣬ǽѵҸŭˣ÷Ų߶ʮһܸɳжʳҪ顣

ͷĵͶԲ÷Ǻ޵ҧгݣ
ֻΪԷ֪飬ԲŹͺóԵ

ԼͬյŮТһ߶÷Է¶ӵĻ£һߵܺҧһΡ
ϻǣ˲ӵˮѵóԽǵĺöŵġ
ռıˣ˭ܹã
ᣬôŮТģǺϼӺá

ķѵô󷽣С⣬ÿһ˶÷һһ޵뷨
ҡͷ̾Եذû뵽ΪԼҵĴĵþȻôµ˱ǮҪ£Ժٶأ
ܹһ仰ԭĶ磬ȱ¾޷ȫһа




31.  Ҫ   

ºڷ, ¾ɵĴӹ죬Щڲסй¶Ŀ磬ϸСҡҷ, ͳŲסؼϨ

üҹķҲ̫ǿһ, һһЩƲǴõ·һ´ߡ
Ӱͷһۣ⻹㽲𣿡

ε£ˣ൱ͷóûõϵ

ϵʲôĶ, ͷܹȼ, ͵ƵͺСһЩϰõĶǺߡ
ܹ鲻ʲô˼ңҲʡõ, ҹϨ, ٲϡҲٻóá
ͷ, Ͼֽ, һע⣬ǵ

ʱ, óԪȽ죬Żһʱ䵹ǷҾӶࡣ
ӵȷʵһſɱ࣬ôˣǲСҲú¡

ɢŨҩĴ룬½Сذֵ˳ȥҩŸոհãɵСˡ
ҩ, ½һְ죬֮֡
ķޣʲô㣬½ղĥ˼ܹһ

СӵƷһ겻½ﶼҪÿϧ
ңҩϸµĻȴҲʲôһ˼ܹˢĸĺӡ󣬺ֶΪ

ĺñ£½Ӧ֡
Ͽһӹҩӵ˵ͷ·ͼΪϱɫټĺɫˡ
ϱТ˳

ǰ˼һɶѡͬһӵ£ļҵģôҲܹἺΪ˵ӣһʰ׻ӣ˼˶ۣļҵôһԹҲûУ
ʵ֤˼һİԹûУֻϴϱ˸ͷϱûƵס
˴Ӳ˵ҩ֡

ӱҪ֣ҪҩǺȵĻǲģرͬ
Ĺ򣬲ֻ˼ƼϣͬҲǲ֡
ЩҩĿɶǲӣ̣һ˼Ҷܴض㣬ǰܲô̼Ҳ½ֵ֮ԭ֮һ

ˣȻҲǸмĸɩǶˡ
£һӡ½˻֣ʵҼ޽Ҳ˶٣һͷ£ǴҲ֪ͷֻм磬ûеܵã͵ҵĸãҲ㵱׵ܵܿġ˿ɱʲôҪ㼸ֶӿɶء

ΪˣͲ֪٣½⻰û٣ԸƷСʱĵܵܡ
ֻϧû⸣ѪԵĵãģĹεĺݶ

Ļüµ۽ޣ΢΢һȵۿΪˣһЩСֻ̬һҪ̬
ĸɩĶ飬һī
һ£ȴû뵽ܹ˵Ŀν̬ˡ

һѵػóɳ˼ͨ͸ԸϢ䣬ƺı仯
ŴǽڣšѰѱ˵ܵܵɫ仯ȫһ˿ؿ̶ˮͫǼɲ΢΢һ
Сתͷ½Ҫùˣ

·Ϭһͨĵƿߣɶϱ˼Ŀ⣬һΨдЦ˼֡
½аɣ㿪ľͺá

½ģӶ
ԼˣǸԼˣôأȻˣ
½ûֵʵҲһġ

ţڲͬĿٶ¶˳Ĳһƫĸתƻ⣺⼸ӳȥСܵɫǲǺࣿ
ϲ⻰̫̫·¹ƵģȵɫǰЦϲá

Сɫۿɼɴ˿֪ҩӣ治ҽġΨһõĵط̫ӡ
һӵҩģһأ

ҩݸճƣһ뵽ôҩϱûвᣬһ̲סץ½ƣĵζЊȢֻĸǵĸģԺĵ۸϶ѵ

˻һѶˣֱ˳ȣǰ˼⻰ģȫûһϱģ۸СܣҶ۸Լϱ
ӣӵ
޹ǹ

ĲǴ󹦳ӶߣˣϱľϴȲϣÿζ̫̫Ӹ˲١
ôλı׾̫࣬ĶĻ

ֻ̫˵һЩ
ᳶĺȣ˵ŮǮӱ˿ĸӲŶǮ

֪ɷ˲ı£½Ųɵؽͽĸ˼ҿɲ֪Ǳ˶ӣ͵ĨҩҾͲ˼ˡ죬ɾҪˣҲͷţһȻȥһ
ֿò࣬ļҵһ²Ҫˣֻ÷ӴڸУǸûͷӶСǵ˿һ¡ʣµģˣҪһ͵ȻȥǶԵġ

⣬½װûԹһĨ˵
Ѳ֪ǲǰ񫣬ǱֲҪԸ´Թϱܣҵһ»ȥó˹¼ҹˣ

¼ҹôõ
ӵӲ˼£ǲ˼ļҵĳ˹Ѹ̫̫һס
ļҵɶã۾еȳ˭ãƫƫԸ˸ӣ



̫̫ȥѺߣӸ£ǰͷĸװҩʵΪ顣
ǰΣҲһְ졣
֣ͻɡϣǲ岻ֵģͷӷԼ̫վһԼලûûصġ

εĻҩĻŪ˵ı죬ƽɻҪ̧˵ɱͷҪֻ֣治ɫɵģ̧Ĳһˡ
Ϊ޸֮ȴĶӡǲԸռϱˡ

һּңֻǵµˣȫԭα¶ӣΪĹۣһģһ޿ȡĿ⾫׼˵˽²䣬ôֻǿ˲µġԴϸĸ϶ӣƵǾľطָժ

˵ӵͲõչ˲СңܹǲӶģ

ϸ׵ĲģһӵĿⶨţλεشϹûӶֲϹǰɣλҲǹӲҩеԺ״ƲʵƶôãѲƳ

ˣ㶥ֻһβͲݡһ䣬ٵֻǿӣѶֵһ£ƤӿɱȻǺӶҪβơ

ϣѲΪܣΪ٣һ⻰ɾ͵λˣϵ˵˵ˣ˲Ҫ޵Уû¿ҫ档˭Ҫ۸㣬ӹ⿿һ죬ܴ޵֡ţʯˮͷƺ·ǲµģ



ĸ羪˵˼룬ǱˮǺÿȳﶼﲻס
ңûڳҩʱһϯ֮

ͬסˣϱʲôôһûûƤ֪ܵС쵰

߸ƨ
ĸ¶۵飬Ƶһ֮࣬Ц飬ɵҲȢϱһ㡣ǰֻû˼ҵŮ죬ŲŲͷӣΪʲôԸ߳ۉQһ£Ǿһͱ˸״

򵽣ղ뿪֮ǰˡ




32.  ĺ   ҿСӣ

Ƹԭ, ˵ĵܹԸһ䡣

Ϣ䣬һҲũæʱ
, ˽, ոʱȻġ

һ칫Ĺ, Ŀ֮, ǳáļҼһ϶ϲЦտŨҵػ֮顣
ո۵ᱳʹ, ܲסʳϰĵ

һεðȫո, һǷָס
ڣյ, ʹܹõʳ, ϵشߴ٣˴θɻ˶رоͷ

Ŀ, ķһӣ͵ȷ˲Ŀ˴㵵ԭһԷޣȻСܲͷͷ

ټĬʮ㣬һĿŵһͬ͵͵һƳӷ·ǽ̵ģʵ֤̫̫ۣŲס, ſڽ䣺һԵﻹ治ۣӻСأôĴˣѵ𣿡
˸ĸһͬ˼ǻľͲۡ

½ɷźۼؽյʾüŵػģһнң
ϱΣǸɾʮ㣡ϣȴһĹǷƵػصǾۣŴɻġ
ˣ˼

᲻öһµأ⵱ģɱĺݵĶࡣ
һ뷨ˣЦһɵúú˵˵ͣûô㡣

¶࣬һôϹģ
Ŀ£ȴڣưĸҹף޶á

һ̩ɽǰ治ɫȣԣ̲סкá
ȻѾ֪ƭ˲ĺñ£ͬѹס֮ɫſһĻεػסĸס

˽Ҷѵ̬ѹȻϣͬ׵һϷ

ѲһֻһֹɲӡӵȻĪڣֻĵı飬뵽ϴϱ
һ£淣ǴѾʹ޵
ӵһˣһ۶мȥơ

Ѿ˶գ淶ɷļ䱧Թòĸһۣȴû뵽
ǣŭݵһ۵淣
ɷһۣ治ܹͨܵġŵһ£ᣬƽϲװίˣؿɳί

һֻˮǰ԰飬Ѱѱóеŭ𣬶ȥһֺų̾Զӵĺãӿһֱġ
ͻĸԣһЩӦͷıŤһŲٴɫҪƹ

ĴƤǲٵΪڶӣӲų⸱¿۵ӡ
ǰȻջصӣ
ɩĵǻһ֪֮

δӦǰѽһʹļ׵ģ͵ʰ̯ӵ࣬ȻĵסֻҪһ뵽Ժ󣬶ӿҲҪӣӵʰ̯ӣӾ;صޣ
ֵܣУ

󶼲һ㱻˸䣬Ҫʡ
ֻжӣҲվסһӣѲҲðѶӸץɻΪһ㶼ҪһĶӣ

ӵɫȷʵΨһһǶĶӣ̫ã̫̫֪ӵԼıӣ̫̫϶һһġ

һпȴһЦ
֪С˸ӵûһ滰ΨвҪġ

̫̫δϣĵĶֳ˳ƤӣӺôҲ˼飬Ͽ˵ΪÊӸһЩӲžӽ𣬾ͿʼǳԿ͵ӡǴÊӶȥ飬ƾжѣһͲöӶ˵˰ɣܿȻǸ˵ģڴӿǳǰ֮Ƥӵ£ܲδ𣿡

һˣϴСһ˼ֻʥ飬ͨƪĴȴɲһ¡һգΪ˿ƾ٣ֻѼԭеʮĶȫÿƾٵʱ򣬻ū۵µСΪһ׬ȡƿ·ѡ䣬˵ӱ˲߯ǲóӸβССĺӣŲվˡ

ŵԭ䣬˵Ҳ̫ͣŻɥͷȢһ˵Ҳһͻ۵ģͬûܻŵǻȢҵ׶ˣһѼӼŮ˵һĿһȱ۵ۣ

˼ǰ޼ĸĺӣܶۼƵģСΪ׵鲻ֻǺãšһƵġ

СּңĴӿֳһ󶯾Ϊ׵ֱŸ溢ӲТĴӣͷһݡ³үһƫƫŵġҵµСƶ֪Ѿŵһı߽߱ǽˡ

һ֮Σ¹Ϊ
ŵ飬Ǳү˸׳죬ĸף̷޺ߣչŴͨʵǷˣǰȴǴһΪӡΪΪϸˣү̾ΪֹҪǣԸȻ״

յоǱϹϵĽǴûСȴҲӰ졣
ҵļȢĴѡ

ӣһ죬˵Ҹ©Ҳá

һ뵽泤ĸǲֲ
˼̫̫վǲģſЭаɣܹǲǸӡĸӣ˵ȷ޴ӹʡһһڳԣ·ҪһһߣҲҪһӾҵļӡ

һã׶ӣҿɲǺõһ᲻𣿡
ˣǻ治һ
ӵǳ˳飬ĵ㣬ŲģôǴҶ⣬ĸУܲ𣿡

϶һ£Ǹһ£ŵӡһʱ䣬Ȼ޷Ťת
ѵĵûʣϸһ־òǲ޵
󶼲öֻɵɵˣ˼ԥǲҲöµظɻ

ѾΪȻˡ
õܳ˶ӣ
ǰλֻԼĿʱĹµӣ

ѾһЩˣû뵽ԼٳɷּҺȻῪʼӽ̺ӣһλɲϣķдϢȵȣ뵽õҲǽѧͷȴǲ֮Ѿõ̾ûˣܽ벻̣һȺûϢġ
ѾŲƾĵԣܹһЩõܱöôɲģ

ͬĴɵһƳĵĵûдΪˣûеơѾʶĵĺ޳ܣܾͷڡ
ͷӶ



վĻɻǱӡ֤ˡ
ոķһӵǵС쵰һߴŽӵɣһǹػˮ㡣

Ƽ̫ӣæķǽҲո٣ʣµͺãƺӵСɱˡ
ȴһܹԾɲУһεոʳǴﶼзݣһæˡ

ºĶ£ֻ̫̫ûˣһ죬ƨӿɱȼҪĶ࣬⵱ϹɣӶ۵ȶվס㻹ϽȥϢϢ

ȻĸΪزȥ۰ΡģȻǴĲ鲻Ըı飬һͷˣ


νԹ塣
տʼһүүˣǺϰһصġͬϷݣɵӶ֪̫ԾΨһͬǣÿ춼вͬɣġò;ϡ

ͷӷѽԭһӣûһܹû˵ǹңأÿμĵıݣ˵ǲˣÿθ˻Ȧ׵ذ˸ȰȥϢһȦȻܹ⣡

ʶһӴҿСӣ




33.  һϳ   

֮, Сһȵĸǲǣֱϴġ


һأǳˡǻû, ƾĵϼ޻, һǻӵĹ⣬һλûɶõǵġƲСӣԤС쵰϶⼸ֵͷ, õһ, ɶõǵģ
ϴ󡭡͸С
ʵںܲϣԸ̵ĵĶӣȻôһ, ҲеĴǰΨһȡʵ, Сӳ£ûһҶĿ, tۻ, ˼ϴ׾û˿ɲʵˡ

˼仯, Ϊ˵һ֪
Ŀϣ½Ϊϱ䴧⹫˼ȥĸϲãΨһûкӵǣһ˫е

ۼɷһɧز½⼸֣̲סѵƤӣ֣ƤҲ񰡡
˸ľٶ, ѿ϶ˡǣԼϱλͦҪصû£һҲһһԳơ

ƽʱǹ²Ӷ࣬ѵĴȴǳõĵطǳǳĻζʮЦۣǺסеͼ
˵ֵ²٣ϵһĨЦݣȴ޶˵ػ
½˷粻ģﵹĪһ仰
ڹǲƤ

˿̣ӵòƵǳġȻѱòȴǸʤһҪһǰĳֵܻ࣬ǰλӵеòƵĿһŷԵĕiݣһȻڵʡЩۺһ֣Ȼʧɫ

֣ÿһˮΪܹˬá

ֵǵ²٣ӹ͸ֲȴֻǶӰ쵽ڵƤࡣ䣬޶ʱһλ͸ǲαװÿüһЦЦǣܹƻĵԸУʱʱؾò˵񾭡

һģټҵ϶ܔeӣʱôһأ½Ķǲ٣ѹȵһۣﻹкء
ӵϣһ˲ģһ˯ĵģ
۴ģ˯ˡ
½֪ܲһΪػص˯ҲǸˡ
ƲƲ죬֪СܲǴķ

һ̣վź
룬ǰò½ʲôɵشӦڵֿ˲١

һľٶĻ׳Ƶģ½Դ飬ҳܲջһֻɫϵ⻰˵ڣ½ﵨұ֤϶᲻ðΣδйġµģƾʵҲУʡǰһһСľͱǣűߣǿɲУ

ѵǡģ½ɿһˣҶû˵ء
Ѳһֻüӣ·ѯʣʲô˵ģ

㻹Ϸˣ½ͬü治ذԵһһʵЩӣǹӣ
һ䣬β
ѴԼֵС˼⻹治ǣ֪ͼܸɻģҲܼһʱ̫࣬ǻɵġ

½ϰСĽѱʤֳ֡ɵɣϸ֮µҲܹͬ֡ʳ½ȷſֽţµˣʳĿأʵʤˡ
ԭʲôӣǾǳʲôܳԿ
һ£ֵܸܳãΪڼڵĹϵһһϱȻһҡһ䣬ô붼񼡣
²˻ɣһּҊڿˣǰʲôȥˣòۻĺӡ󣬲ö룬϶һصʼ

ѵ½ϸһվά裬ıȷʵõȰҹֻ벻Լˣͷûʹ
ֲãǰһȥɻ

ºһ룬ѵĲʵ̫ɧȻźӵһ֣ǿУά裬ֲ𺦵ŵӡ󣬷ڹˣ˵Լ߳ġ
ǡ½Ǳĵˣͷٻм˶ӵһϯ֮ء

һɫһѲò£׼߰˷֣ʮֻ֪ļСӣ
½뷭ۣȻɵԼϹʱѡģûúͷùֻŲɵأ
·뵽ʲô½ѹ˼˳ëٹģҲȲ϶Ĺģڲʲôɶͷһݵġ˵仰ʱһ¡£нµӡ

ͷ½ֱ׳ˡ
ѵĳëǲϲùĶûʱһ£˸طԭα¶½ճƲ϶ãǰ·ľģʱһһ߹м丨һѧϰǿģ֪ĳ
⻰治ģ

½΢΢̶Իһϱ[˲[ۣ۱׹ʱزҲÿɫһӻæЦǣ˵ˡ
½һܳŴģͲǵˣۻյıԹһЩﲻסûʲôÿˣҪĥӵӹǺ£ƫƫʲôӲѡѡũæʱ򣿡

װĥ󹤣½ˣٻΣⲻ˵ǰûûԣһλôûзִġԣûִ磬Сַˡڣ˼ҵĲģλûɶԿ϶ǰҲϡ

ʵ֤½˸˷׼һģһȴǴһ̼˶ӣʲôղɫһذռԼϱܲҵ
ʢĶӣƤʵĺܣͷĺôǴأ
תһȦֻûɶεģίôܹң˭ϷʱǾʮ㣬һ˻Ǳòá

дΣǺƢģһпʱͺͼкӽһĹ¡
Ӷǹ龫ֵģϴСѣ˺Ǻ޲󻰱һһɽϻĺñ¡
Сٴ׵Ĺƶˣܵһɽʼ棬Сͷ汾¶δʹͷѾԶϹ
ϴƤҪƣ

һûֵģ½˶Ƿᣬ˳ǣĺһϳ̣˼
Ϊ̫ˣڶʱ½һȥڼҷʡʡ



żףмʱ½ĸٴһʯˮ壬½ĥĥһ£Ҳܹ½ĸദˡ
ĸǵ춹ģϾϾɣŮһ£½ﲻͬ鲻ͬϸƷһ£վĴ

ס˼ȣƲһţԼ̡ɲм˼ңǲŮˣǲҪǮۡƫģŮļ̫̫Ƽǰ־ˡ̫̫ΨһûϵģͷһӲģרĺȡ

̫̫䣬˼ӦӦµĶվ糣ŮǸһģûȴġö̫̫֮Ĳˣʡⲻˡ
ԶĻ̫̫ĵ˰˱ӵ鹣ŻᱻͷϡĶṣ̌ƫƫûһӵΪ

ƽĸһ˦ƹ쾭壬ܱȶڿ졣ϱʮ֣λҪǿ̫̫ʮ֡
̬ȣر½ļֵۣҲܶ࿴Ҫԭ

̫̫ǻһЩ˼ҵûɥģŮ浽ͣǵõ˼ҹӣҲ½֪ġ
ҵ벻˶Уǳ͢Ĺ涨Ǵʹˣǲģ׸һ;ǰ̵Ĺϵ³˿Ϊ˿ڣͷһǺ顣
ǰνƷ³ȴǿֹ֧Ѹټ޵ġ

ҶһЩ飬ʡõżԺæҵģֲ䣬̬ĹŴĶϱšʱܹĥģһЩԽϲõţɲĴֻ᲻Ҷϱ貹

ĸ˵Ѿ޻˵
Ĺ˼ǰͷţ½ɱʵľ롣
½ĸλѪĹϵ½װģıϣ½ĸǻĴĸĳ½Ůʵʵظܵδйĸ

ڻһ£źԭһڴ½Ͳµӣҵദ֮߷֣͸ɻˡʱʱһѵɷߵǺ޹˼ɣɾ䡣

벻֪һߣϴĲˡƫɣûɫص£ֱҪӡ֤·㲻ߣ㴳ȿȣʵȻǲײУѵлͦзִġ

żһͷ飬½һֻ֪ߵ̫ɡ

ʯˮִڽĴׯ˫߻Ȣ٣мСߣôҲܼһţġһЩׯСţ¿ѹ߶ûߡ·գȴַϹŴĽͨ
ڣһνĺСصĿӿǴڵģͷΨйٵ·пɡ

½Ҳɽˮ£֪٣ľôˣͱʲôǿǰͷյüε½Ǽϣ׼ں־Щˡһ£ȷûˣ½ƽɽУּΪ˵ãһӾʹֻҰּ֣·

һ·յ½ſڣɾͱӵĴɩӸײԷ΢һ¡Ƭ̣ɩӲųɤźϣǼҵûˣ




34.  ԣ   ̫̫ڵĹŮӡ

½ɩӳ峺, ͷ˾ûһ˫˳ȴҲ

ˣС鲽Ķ, û϶ʱ, ½ĿͷӳһϤҴò̫̫ȫһϲı顣ͻľϲɤ, ǰҲѷɫԼĶϱﱦ, ôҪǰҲȺ˵һ

½ȺģǲΪ˵ɶԼ˵ˣԺ, Ҽ˭ؼǰ, رкһģ

һԱߵ½ɩɫ䶼, Ϸ·ϰΪ
ΨһСĹ, һͣܰĸĻŭš

̫̫, ȻЦϾջŮС⻰һҲ⣬ȴôô˳֤׽
̫̫⺢ӣԺûʲôӣ⻰˽˵һ˵ˣôܰᵽ̨ϡ
½Ҳϵصɴ۾ûˣɩҲ˰, ǻɩӣ⻰ҿ϶˵˵ġ

һ仰ڳŮůˮء
½ɩ½ĸϸѡĳϱ
ڿܸɣͬˬ󷽣żһͷĳϱȫԯ޵ӡ
Сʱ򣬳½ĸ⣬½ɩֵذԭγ
½ɩĵڶԭҲ⡣

һͨĺû½ɩѹסǡ̲ͬסЦƊҺһ˵죬Ҳ֪ôģСôˡ
½գգۣҲǊǣҲԸģҿң˵ʵڻǺˣ

½ɩһЦ½ĸֲ֧һƹɩĸãǺϼӺáһͣͰ˼룬½ĸҲǲ⡣һ뵽ǰͷⲻ˵ͷϹŮ֮ءһϹŮʹϱĸ飬½ĸǵ鶼ܷһ롣

ףô͊һˣû˲ģ½ĸע⵽ԾĵطŮأôһΣŮû㊅һ
½ͷӦǰξԼ
ԣ½ĸһզ£ǳˣ

ûгܡ½ѧԭҲ˵ٻһ£վǵֻˣڼҷʡʡ
λ͵غͼСƨԴףΪ˻ʹֶٰΣ½ﶼûۿˣɴֱӰ˶£һ۲Ϊ
½ĸ

½ĸ˵һ˵޵ദ֮ȫ˻ȥ
½ɩҲ˲ӣƼϱסЦ⣬Ҳûͬ÷һˡ

½ɩɷҲá
̨ϣ½Ҳһ顣Ӧ˵ͷûˣǹƤҩƵģߵ͵ø
ҲǸճ׵Сޣܳһʱ䣬Ϸޣ˲ӊ㲻ˡ
ÿСһţһӵһصļƤһԶ׿ʮˣľͷÿζۡ

½ĸ˰ΣʵƽҲӷôξԼˣ
Լ׹ŮϱҲģ½ĸȻɶɶŮͦ˵ģŮҲϲȻզ˵һһǣһԡӦûǳ˰ɣ

벻֪Ů¶һѾı飺ҲûҲ֪ǰɶҹŹ˵ġһּңСһͷ£æҵģûģҲѡʱҡǰûӲ֪ڴ˺Ӳ֪ŮĴ׶ҪԣֻԶѣʡʱҡ

⻰ʵڻӸɷڵģ½ʱʱüҩһҪҩĻղ֣ðһЩҩԡĥӹǿûеļ򵥡
½ĸ
½ɩ

½ĸ¶׹Ůһı飬½ĸˣˣ˭᣿𰸣ʱ򻹵˶죬ƹŮͷΪѣԲŸɴһˡֻ˵½ĸվһ㣬ԼȱŮɳ¡

ʵϣѺͱ˶᣿½ﲻö룬ѡǰߡλһˣľûۿͼ޽ϾӶԷû£
ҪԼˣ½϶
½վƫԼһ㣬ɻǲҴšԣ½ĸɲڶŮڵȥ

ȱ˵ֻõֶˣɩӻϽӹ֡½񣬲˼ټ뻰⣬æֻ˳ȥ
½ĸһ۹ŮͻɶһЩ⼦Ůãֲһôȱ⡣
̫̫ڵĹŮӣȴ

ˣôܲȱ⣿⼸꼸ֶֶŮǼ޵ļޣȢȢƸͼױһӣ˵ǰ꣬ﻹֶ˺üӡ֪ӣ϶Ϊͷϴļֶӣֱܹӵ·õġûʲôãÿÿôһ⣬ϻһ䣬̫ˣ½ﵱͲĻԣ̫̫϶᲻

ϰԭȻлֱ˵һرǷĸоǼãܱߵĴӣżһͷʯˮ壬ĴҪ˵ж฻ԣĻǿ϶ûС˵ٸڵĴӣ˼ҲԼľ˵СˣֻӲŻҾߣ䲻أðһģҪ˵ûв𣬴Ҷš

ľҪǲҪһžܳϺü£û˼⣬ɴĺܡ

ǰ۵ļҵףʵǺʵһͷĺ治١
żһͷ⣬ÿһǶӣѾէ½ǰզһءȻһͷȴǸΪˣÿӴף
زۣԺǶãȻҲ⡣

ֻ˵Һżҵ˵ܲĺӼȫסˡżһͷĺӣҲȢͣοڶѾּңȢΣѾ빫źɡ½һͷһӿɶûзּңûĽĽѹڼϵΣȴҲǷͬСɡ

վסǴ£һܹȢͣҲһͷң½½ĸǮģΨһǣɩֻ̫ǺĶ࣬໹ޡ޳ܴڽӴҪȢһĺĺϱͷĻѿ治ˡֻƸҪҲøϽϾܲ»Сޣغ͹סͬһɣ

˼ң£ⲻôЦ

꣬ԭҳϲ磬λûûεģֻע⵽ϲĲɫ½ȴλôĴ󣬻ƴճֵ˿½ſ϶һͷӣ϶ûеôԣ

½ĸѼӲȥȥȥ˵ʲôأЩӰ죬Ǽһеذ㵱ļʮĶǰ׷ŵģ

½ֵƭˣǼҿûгһ͢˰ʮĶҲǸˮʳ϶ж٣ټϻÿһ롣һӣǰһɶǰСӵͣ˲ǳ𣿰СӳӡڼֶӣǰˣмѾ˻ͣ˵ܳԣĵǲ٣ܳԵҲ࣬ϵʳپϸ㣬ܳԱҪǮǲ̫ףƼڶڻҵء

һ˵ӦҪĸŮԼ˵½ɩ½ĸصĳϱǰżһͷҲһڳӳϱûùʧǰ⹫ҲػţǴĳ̬˼ңϰɳӳϱȻҲƫĵĹϵϲĶϣֻѡ

ҵһ£˲½ɩڵȷǺõģվױġ½ĸǾ˴뱲ӣһҲӡ˼ҵǻСʶӣǴ̬ƳôĲҴţ




35.  ˵   ½ˣϵ

׹ŮƤ, ½ĸֱһҭҿŮѧˣûŵ飬ɶ˵
½λȻƫĵ, ⶼֵܹͷϣ
һǧ, ܹ鶼ҹŮĴͷϵůþöɢȥ

½׽֣ĻҲԸڶ, ѧԭ, ˵һЩɲͱģֻµɩ, Ϊ˲ٳһ, ɿԼҲҪõµͺҴһ, ҲҪǿƵӣô, Ҷù̫࣬ʹɩӲ, ڼҡ浱ҿǶ껹һЩֻҪТǵģǿɱл

ϱ˵Ǳ˲ԼͬϹŮСӣôĻӿɶ
ˣ
ɵˣǰ죬ڱԹеĻʳܵĳˮ

½ȷʵûԤϴ, ½ɩΪϱǼΪеĵӣĲ컹δ룬ֱСӵůů˵Ⱥš
ˣƤӹھĶĿȾ£½Ӯѵˣ÷Ѱ㴵֮½ĸеͶ
½ﻨ۵죬½ĸüе˼Ǻǽڽڰˡ

½ĸյТǸˣŮһƬ⣬λĸͷһϡҪһƬĸĳ½ĸҲһ᣺аɣ⻰ȫÊ˵ˣپܾȥѾͷ϶߶䣬ֻһΣ´ξͱö
½ЦӦˣںͷһ¡
ĸһǻİŮ֮ģһЩķΧڣ½ǼΪؾһТġ

ôһӺûˣɩӺֶϱأ½ҵ˶ղһʱȴģ½ﻰĺɣǲΪ档
תתͷͷüӵ⻹ļ˵Ӱӣʣ֣ũæ쵽ʱܲȫæɣ

һȣղ۶ϹŮȵͷϲ½ĸŹ֣ʣ˵ũæôплһˣ
½

½ĸŮ𸴣Ϊࡣ̫̫ŭֱһ£⺢ӣԼô
ﲻ½ﷴӦһ޹żһͷҲʣβһҿûҽڶ
Ϊȫ˽ˣ⻰Ǳ𽲵ĺãʡ̫̫Ҫ˼½ĸͿɱӴˣһͷ׷ֻǵĺɫӣɼƽʱûٲٷ½Ͳˡ

벻֪ԭùʣ޼½ĸ̫ĵУûûһܹ黹Ůֵܰһξûı¡⺢ӡˣһӣؾǼĶѣæͻһ˺һﻹڣֵܻǵҵġ

˵˵ȥ̫̫ǲϹŮ
ң½ĸʵ뷨ͷһɶȱ治ȱܹɻĳˡ½ļֳͷһֶӣһӵĺǲġ

½ɩСӻشͬһԸһǰኅ磬ǊֶӾܹæʰʰҲҿųģĻҲ𲻺˼
½ɩЦˬʣȫĳģһԼСӣεεӣĳһ˵½ɩԼҲǹûλͬ

û취˶ϲõģ½ɩĿֻҪһСӵòͷ̲סĳСһųδǰһģ˵ȫ峤õĹﶼΪʵҲǰܹ黹Щࡣǰķɫǲ÷紵ܵİƤףϱũʱڣʮ˴Уûһϱܹɹµġ

СӲֻǳãС죬ſھģӰǰȴҲᡣ˵ĸıţ½ɩСӣԼƤСӻҪʤ֡
ͷ½ɩԸҲһϹŮֻûа۰ֱȥȴǰټؼֻ֡ΪĸϹŮС½ɩϹŮȴǡûбȽϾû˺
˵һ棬½ﶼͨƪĺûնɩҲǾصġ½ɩСӵϣɱԼϣܸܵġ

½˼ϸģ½ɩһ˲Ȼλʱ£ȴ˼ɩӣҲңοҲҲ񣬺ôһأѣҿ϶һˣ֪Ƕҵġ
½ذһѻ˻ȥĵӡһǱָܹϴˢֻûָ췢ģһϱ⡣
İĨ˰Ѻ½ùԺ˳ƻصղŵ⣺ղŵ⣬ҲûشңⶼˣѲһӶóԷ

ҲûɶýģҪҲУ͵һЦˣɱ̫档һ£½ĸһЩΣǴͷһ͊糣ȥСɽͷҲ˭Ϲ˵ҵһʮϲΡһСɽͷĻ˼ҵСûܳԵҰҲ䣬ʮϲأһӣԸĸסˣαأֻҪ£ǰҾ¡ģٵһһЩɩӣֶϱͻȫ
½

½ˣϵסû˭׼ļ񣬾һʮ˲Σ˿̻ɾɺá
ȻⲻʮϲΣ˲ΰ

Ǹϸĸһӡ
˲ֶǿ壬ʮĳɷݣҩЧ̫˵òȥһЩͨǾҩֻһЩ̣ҩģҲǹϻҲһ仰鲻ܲ

ɽΣͬɽͷҵġ
½ʵѾ£ٵĺҩġɽҰ֣Ŷ̵ĵط̬ã޶һһѡҲóϣͷĺö˵洦ɼҲΪȻǰʶС

ִ壬ȷвСɽͷʯˮΣգǴﺢӵء
ʢСɽӶûмֻҪҵöһ½ĸģǳ˵Σ
Ȼ׻˵ĺã˵ܲٲܲپ͵½ĸ԰䲻˻治߶ġƬʱ⣬һȺˣԶһƻһЩ׳ۡ

ѽⲻǼҵ𣿡ֵɤһ֪ҪǿĶɩ

ɩ⣬ӹǲȱ½Ҳ˼˰Ҫ˵ӣҲǲ̫ڡ½ĸ½ɻúõذѳ½ң̵ˣԹŵļ⣬һЩ̫顣½ĸϸѡĶϱôҲ̫һЩΪĵط

ѡϱĸ½ĸ
ӵҲû̫ֻĸǿиɣ׺׺һ£ֲ⡣ӣҲֻϧʵĲǮǰȥֵȢϱʱǡɾ׽ˣӲòһ׼öȢҹŮ

Ʋżҵĳ£½ɩĽ飬½Ҳͨͨ˴˻ܵݴţǰСʱȥɢ
ᣬоӶͬʲôԹԹԡ

ԭŶöٴΣżף½ﻹܲлҳ䣺ǰŸջɺŊǣ˵һˣȥͷɽͷ
һȺŮ˾һãһ˴򿪻ϻӣͷӲϻΣôᷢġ
Թһڳ޹ջ

½ɩһƾ֪һֻ˼죬ɽͷӲݶ챻˰ͺҸƨ
½ɩľһЩ˹Ӻ֪طǰǰĶһ㲻ǲҴţôᴫ˽֪
ɩ͸ȤˣԾһڵģ缸죬Ҿ;Ϣ϶ǼٵģƊһǾӣʲô˵ɨ˴¡ҸȥҲ뵱һȤġ

һˣɶĶУ½ǲźۼذסɩӵԸ

δֹŮС½ĸüӼ̩ɽĵλһˣôẰһ
⻰ҪԺͷŮϱ

˷½̾ͽյʺҲ½ﲻȳˣȻôˣզϵȫ

½ĸסɫ˲ͻ˻̫̫Ȼóջᣬرֱ׵ؾΪŮ䣺һô£ÊСôŊǣڻֻΪôһ

һ仰ǼеСֻɩӣĿȻһ

ɩۼطĿ꣬Թԣֻ治СοǴ󷽡
½ĸû¸ˡɩһɫ⻹Ŋǣũæʱ۵ģʱȻˣҲҹŮơ
½ʵֻѪ

ΣֻʼȷʵһӸϲЦտлûװ٣ȫʮسĳ⡣
ȵʱ̣µҲȫһϵĻˣ½Īܻӭһˡ
ͨƪĺûѾƤ½Щܲס

һŮϲ½ĸɶˣ
ƽֲֻ˶⣬ܲסͺļ˭ܳԳζ
ɼ½ǰܲ׼ȷ½ҲǰܹʱʱسԵĭòˡ

ԱԺ󣬸ϢϢˢˢ룬½ĸϹϹŮֱӾͽȥסͷ
ɩӾû˵϶Ҳ뷨գ˭ģԶԷȥԼ顣

Ψĵˣ½ǳ˳ǡ
û취ļûʱ򣬿ɶ̫̫͵͵ĺʱ
ͷ׵ҲȨԼ̫ţһطҶ½Ŀһůһ뻹ֹ½ĸľٶȱæˣһͷһöҪȹһ¡




36.  ײ   ӶûŮТ˳

һ仰, ½ƳͷһϷӵĺĶ¶˳
½ĸͣ°ǹӵĶ, 񼣺ⲻֻ, ⻹Ǻö

ϹŮ½ǻĴȸĳ
λϸϴûּңӹǳ˵⣬ԲûΪŮ
, ˼ҵѧͽ, ʲôӻʱ򣬻ʲô⣬һ, ʲôëȴ¶

½ͬ߶, ӻܹŸոշּ, Ѵںͷšһͷ, ôֵܣô, ֲСģʲôöԼ

ϸϵĹУ½˼£۽΢΢һסŹȥ仯

ٴ̧ף½ѧżԭСŮ̬ţҲûİֻǵТ˳Т˳, ֪Ϻȷ⼦̲ţҲֻ˳ѡѲɣҳˣͲТ˳һԸĸֵ

У֪Т˳ġ½ĸϵЦѹѹסٴЦ֪Һ͊ǲĊȴǰ죬ǳ軵ġ
½⣺ﱻ軵ˣļҵĹŮôТ˳ģ
½ĸ

½ĸٳϹŮ˵ŮǴТ˳ĹҪ˵ҪĻ
ĸһɫ˵һЩӣ½ȴûᣬ·װƵģȵȣȱöȻѶٿǲТ˳ġ

һ̬ȣرغ
һϷȴϰΪϹŮӣȴǱ䶼û䣬һա

Ůĺö½ĸ½Դ벻ʲôֱϱǿһӡ
½ĸּƣƵ˹ŮòƵɫһۣ̫̫զҲ벻۵ӰϵĵǾĶ

ӣ̫̫ʮ㣬ζ̲סζֱۣĿ⡢⡢ⲻ˲𣿡
ǰ̫̫︹̼˵Σ벻ĺöһȴǾĵ̫ŵϡ
ҰҰ죬ζɶС

½ͬһͷӱ½ĸмʶʶü˲εĴСݲ͡
ݲͣѲɣСɽͷ˲Êȥ½ĸ쿪һȴԼԣʱҲղϣ˲Ίģ

Ǻã˲жʮݡӵϸĸ½Ȼش½Ųֻظ½ĸҲСɽͷҰ˶ڲ˶٣˲ο϶ǵ;˵ģҲ˭Ϲ˲ΣȻżһߵɽҵģҲ֪ɽӵҪľƶ൱ˣִƽɽءкüСֱͨɽأÿůʱҰҰֻҪۼһˣҵ١ĺöҲǲϡģֻ˵ŮĺҪǵҲס

½ĸΪȻǴǱߵɽȷСССֵĵطΣģǰǶ˵ǴӵɽȺûȵȣ⺢ɣٺãҲҪСܻɱң늅żһͷɽ֣

½ﵱȻϣľ͵ŮĵжҾͽȥժժҰˣҲ֪ͦһڳԵģЩҰ峴ζãҲһ·˶ô޼ɵŮֲèоĸô룡

ϸĦһ£Ů治ǵӣ½ĸĺ󣬸æ˻ȥôصĶûȥˣֵǱɡ
½ְѶ˻ȥ˲صùģջĵ
½Ǳֺͬϲ̫ˣͷûйĻͼǮ¶Ҫʮӡ

˲εݣ½վǴֻ⻹ͼȥܲ⡣õ˲ǻƽģ˲Σڵʱ򣬲ǲˣ㶼ڻۼ

½ĸһӵĿǻһϧϹŮƣﲻմ֣Ѷӻ֣ĸ봷һͷԴϡ
½ͬ̾Ůջȥ

½µǵľٶһ˵ǣͱٰѶңǴҲӵġϺҩپ˾޼۱⼸ȣÿ͵ʹһأҵҰʹˣ˲ݾƣ̲ЧʤղųԵļǽӹǣҳǰǿɶûаҿȢϱء

˲ξƵĺôܹ̲Ƕڲĺ򣬺ôڣ۹ƶûôأʧ߶Ҳϲ١ң˲οɲΨһһ꣬˵ǹŮҵ˵ãһͷһ꣬ŵĻóһơ

½ĸɴۣŮͳһС˲Σ
Σ̫̫һɺⶫǾôƊõģǵĴײˣ
½

ݼΪУ½ϻõˣ֪ҩĵϡ̶ȡʱЩԵؿһԲŵĸŮ
ϹŮһܵһƬТĵϸףܵж
ӶûŮТ˳
ҩҲΨϵĴ˼Ҳܹ쵽

ڣŮͷһ꣬Ů·Ҳ֪£½ĸļ⣬һм֮ûУ½ĸ½һƬТġ
½ĸ³ϣ浣ϰӹǡ
ϰϰ飬Ϊ飬½ĸѾϰͷӰ뱲ˣǺȻһգôһˣ½ĸܵĽԸɿڴӦ

ټԺ̫̫֪Ʒζһ£ۿղŹŮĻ˭ô˵
ǰ˻Ц۹ŮʤӣһѳԱû¸ɵģڵЦǲƲ¶ף½ĸ޲ȥϻһȦҫҫԼϹŮ
Ŵˣȫһϵģ½ĸöȥڣ˭ۺˣʲô¡
Ǯۿˣ

½ﲻ½ĸźû£֪ϴҲ˵ҪӶˣʮǺӣʱһͷӦҲæˡ͵ɵüǵýдǼȻ飬⿿һҲ¡缸æҿ϶׼ٺóԵģԲǰװôһˡ
Ůһ½ĸ񣬾̫̫ƫ̻˼·ָʤҿ϶ܼס缸ӦõģǵĵӣҪ׼ʲôóԵģŪһپˡ
½û

֪̫̫Ҳ½ɲͷ½ĸ棬׼ãʱҪɡ
½뷨½ĸҲã϶һ
˭˹ŮñŮ洫

˵ϱȵ﷽㣬˫߶кö໰ܹлҳ½ĸһĳģ涼Ҫѯϸȵ֪ŮûʲôѴûһֱȥ
һͷ½ǳŲסģ۰Ͱ͵ѯʣҸղŷִɩɫЩԣǴɩˣ

½ĸһ£ȻûϵŮôһʡۼŮһģ˼Σ̫̫ųüذѼҳһ̯⵹ҲǣʲôӣܲãǊĺֶŮҪǊɩ⺢ӾȻҪҵĺ󱲣˵Ҳ˵ͨҵʮ˴˭ãƽĶۣһ飬һЩС顣ⲻТӳһţбʱ򡣴ʹڣϻܻˣôİӣӹȴƶҲûУӡ֤˻ǧϻ

һ£½һ˲ΣôϲԼһܺԼҳϹϵ

ȵ½ĸһ˵½䣬ֻ½ĸٵҵϻŬһӵĹôᣬ˵ȥȻ͸ʹȥƫƫǰһ£ŻҵһЩСﶼڿأҲ̫ТҲ˸޿ǲ£һţɩֲɵˣȻĵĹŮ޽˼ңҲǊֶŮȰ˵һĸŮ

£½ĸ̾ϱ˵治Լ˭̯һТ˳ĹŮ
λ̫̫ȫŮǰִʵǰ

ڼе½ļ伫ǳ鲻ˣǰԭӶùܣ˶ĺӣôܻȥᣬǰɣ
½ûɶӡ󣬼ֱ顣

£Ҳû늅̫ϵӼȢ飬ɩзִ硣½ĸǧ飬֪Ҳ࣬ͷɵð¸̽ɱɵȥ˵
½ҲϹŮ£˵ͷǰ늅޹ء

½½ĸϽȥȻϣŮİ컵¡νղ̡£ܹУȴǵôԼʡõͷⲻˡ

½ĸԴɣ·𲻷Ƶģٽ֪늅ɩӸã飬治Ǌܾ͹ܵĶ˼һûġ
½һΣǻµ𣿡

½ĸͷһ룬ŮûûαȽ϶࣬Ůòֻһʣ̫̫ҲԺػ£ڵɫãȻҽЊֵ͊ȥ˵´λǵŮУһ·ϡ٣Ҳ³ʲô飿

ϣ½ĸɨɨŮòԼӣȻĺΣ·ĵظеЩĺ¡
صشһ£½һ޹ʵڲ˼ͼıˣɿһˣù˿϶

ҲǲǷһ壬ͬʱ㣬ǡҲڽһˡ

ԾӸµ̬۹⣬űᵹڵ׵ļˣһЦǣΪԼһҵĹŮҲȳĴ統Ŷӵǿ⣬Ϊָܹʹǵ˭ûӣӵϱӣɩҲһӣûôŵģ粻Ǿͱˣʲô¶ܹţ浱òɣ




37.  Ҫ   عǰˣ󵶣Ȼ֪

ӶµĿ, ڳģյģǴ³Ĵʻ, ͳ˵ͷ, ʹ˸һ£ȴ˼뾯棺ǣ˭ǵĻ˭͵Լȥ, ٲȻ˭մ״, Ҳһλǡְ˸ӴŹϵģͱҪƤΪƤԸԳĿ¡Щֶ, ʣµ, Ҳȥ͸ǰŪ

ֱǹعǰˣ, Ȼ֪

̧̧Ƥ, һĨͫ͸¶ҵţӶϸĸ, ǼֵûνĹʹڡ˵Ƥ񣬶ôķּӣôǸΪԼͿ๦ߣܵ˰ۣϵһɱȴɻɶҪĶ࣬ӵ˶֪˭ռ˴˵ˡ

˹س˿, ǰ˵ƤӽƳ£ף˭ȲС壬˭ͱȽϴ󣬾ǹˡҪűݣҪǿӶϣǵĵɻءֵܣ˭ûѧӣǵδѣûе׬ļҵӣһӵҲǺ֮ءĺö˼ңɻвٺ͵أһ굽ͷµܹ¶ٵӣﲻҲ˼ȻҪҪǾ͸ɴȫ

ĶӸ˵ӡ͵Լرϱûˡ
һȴֵ˼ңĿɿڴ°͵һء
˵Ϥ˼ңԼˣкüҶĵܣСӵ
䵽

һƣһɴĶԼֵĺݾ
ȭͷȥõСһģһѡ

ܵӲӣǴΪĹۡ
Χ۵ˣкһЩˣһ𳤴ġʱ飬Ĳνײ裬Ĩ١
Ψһ̵ǣλȷʵպĺһĴӡ

ϾһӲܣ
ܹϺˣȻǵôĺӣôһ롭ѵĺֵǲΪ档

ĶӣֻͬнλǲЩԸУˣûС
ԣû뵽һλȻôܴһ㶼ŹѸĴӲ
һλھֹͨնãھִõģ϶ǼѪ

һЩѲԸҲֻǶƤӣǰң˼顣
һӲӣȴȻܹΣɼǲġ
һʱ֮䣬˵һˣõӡ󷴶Ǵáһߣ˱ѣ˱һֻûͬ飬ӡ㣬Ҳˡ

һЩͷβֵˣ֪ȥ˻ñ

һӣ˭Сӳˣ˶ڼȴšǷģ䣬ŮѪͷ˼ңû¹ǲС

ǰ꣬Ϊ˴£رɬʱɰҴ£Χ˼ҿɶӡڡ
ҶϺ˺Ⱦ£򻵹˵ľⲻǮ

ŴĹȷرʹģһٶǻӡ
䣬ûʱӢŵ˵ӣҲ֪һ
ǰԸͽˣҲǿоٵķϣ˵ֻһ㣬ƽƽ˭Ҳˡ

һ壬һţ˭ǰؼֻΪ֪ѵòܱû뵽Լˣˣ˭СܳŻƤ죬ûɶϵˣǻͦ˵ģҹŮǣôϱģҪ￳һܹǣѪɱΣλó

˻һһЩ͵ˣĿȻ֮⡣
ûһĺӣһչ¶öرעδо٣һɾ͵ѺСӵϡ
һ£Ĺ֮δϹѵĻⳡڸߵλͷ
һΣҪ׵ذѴ

˭ҵزһ£Ѫ㣬Ψվڴͷ˺ɾʱǡǡãһؿɾûôõʱ˺͡
˶ͬߣʱ˲ģõ֡Ǻ׼壬Ϸּҳֵܵ׼ңĹϵԶһ㣬Ժ¶ռסġ
׼ҰҲÿһҷ磬̰޶ȵ׼ңҲա

ѿʲôģοϱҲλǱӵԹȻûһ²Լֱֻ֮߱·
ⲻһӲ壿

ʶȤһ㣬һ㣬ϸ̯£Ѷ˳ƶΪûӽһЩҵȴԶײֱ̤Ьٴȫѹ
ӵСӣÿùСܳţٳһ;ɳȵġǴҲʽΪֲٰæһЩɺµˣδп޺֮ǡ

һһĵĵġ
õʹֲƽ֮Ųỵ˽顣
һ£ֻܹңһǣ˭밤Ǿ;ܵ

ֱ൱ӵ磬С治Ƿ㣬οּˣ鷳ܺԼϱĺݣʲôĳģǰС˻ûã㲻æҲգ鷳ҲҡûСķݣµһ㲻뵱ֳûϵСɻֵܵšСɵ֪һ򵥵ıݣѹҵͷϣ´в۵ģ治ظ֮£úõذһЩ׼ҡʲôģҲ֪Ҳ̫⣬ȻҲŮˣˡҵǲһͣúõعչա

òһŵĻ˼ϸˣʼʵϺˣɲᾡ¡
һ壬Ϊǰĵ̣رںһҳӵĽⳤϱû׼֮䱾Ҫġ۶ȻҵΪȣһüͷӵƷԡ
һЩΪϻ۵ϣ·ΪּԺ󣬲ѡ

ü֮Ͷ»ӣϱϾѧϵͷĲȱˡ
³һͨвŵڵϵ˸Ƕֶ
ȺӲģûذڵϺᡣŮֻţģҲˣƤӾӶࣻΪĺˣҲǡ

κȾ£⡣
һͷһǵ˴˼ңòǧ󣬲ŵ⳥ӡ
ȻؼһˣѼҵףһǺȻԴûԼҰ׻ӡ
һеԵɣǳڴ뷨ĳԡ

Ϊǰһ˳Ϊ¡
ȴãһһˣȭȭҪ۵˽ֱð졣
һ˫쬵ӣǰҼ˶ͷƤ顣

˿̣ĸǴҴһ˵Ůˣɷӵģλ治ȥһѣǣԼϡ
һϹͷ治ܳһȭͷ

ĸһ缦ĹԾģ治淵ĺĸסͬһʱ̣ǰؼһʡȻһǼ淵ͷϣ˭ŮûоǣҾȻ׺ݵ֪ĻҲֿԡ
ܹһжǹŮĴ
淣




38.  Ĺ   ôһ룬ĸηξܡ

־, еִȫ䵽ڿϵԡ
λӣҩ, Ѿ𽥻ָյˡĿݶ, ˸˸â·õ˫Ŀһա
ȵٴʱһ˫ĿȴȻй, һƬںڳӼҪһޡ



ĵ׼, ˭̯˭ù
һ£˶иζͷ

첱Ӵ֣ӿĻؿͣ, ̫ƴ, ӣ̫顣
͵˲϶С
Ӻ̫Ŵ, ռϷ硣
ҵ׳, ٲôϵĲ࣬ӿ϶ǴӮġ

Ѳһ, ȴǳ治⡣ȭŲãаᣬһȭһŶ˵㹥Ǿʹ̣ϡ
ʵʵһôܴ˭ǻһ

ۼϣһƬ, һǻͷ޵Ӿʹ졣̫̫ĶԱߣرߵĺã͸úݺݵذһЩƤһ٣ʲô¶ǵ϶ӣժҲôһժֱǺ޳ܣ

һ
ͷӻڶʱѵĺ֣˾ǣĺͷӵĻ
ôͷű飬˳˼ˡ
Ҫ׬ǮöҲѪ޹顣
ﻰ壬ͷĥĥոµעԶͦһ˵ġ

ƷζȴûΪӿѼ䡣
һĨʧݼš

ϾӦ˸ͷİɣ˻¹϶ӴӦҪ
ٵ˭
һţֵܵ׼¹Ļȥ϶Ӿͻ̯϶񶾵
ƾһ;ùǺ벻ãֱӾȱ˻ٵ롣

ѳ൱
δҷӦǰͺֱڵء
λ뷨Ҳܼ򵥣ǾԸСүúõعڵϣһλ治ںϵۣûе˽ǣĻʴȡ

˻ΪŹ׼ҲãȴĵͷͣƵſڣǾͳ˱һ
ͷѵķӦˣ˼涼˺ּҵֵܶǷ㣬ƾʲôΪ׼ʰ̯ӣ
һһɶ֣ҵˣںͷ˵ԻС
٣˻ȱҥ

ѵĻۣʱĵĴϻ۳̶ȣͷӺȻһĶ϶ӵĻҪ˵ҴСװѧӣĶɿ찡

˵ֶΣǰ϶һ£壬ǳһʶõӣƫƫȴûʲôϽĵġ
һЩڲûзʹѧֶΣľ棬ӦþͻܹҫĺöӰɣ
ôһ룬ĸηξʹһء

ѵײУˣֻ޲ö೤ܹ룬ˣָƽˣһ磬ѹû˸Ҷѵߡ
Ӧ˵ﶼԸѹѹ



˵÷棬ر󣺡ҵģ˵һ˵ҵûеĵܣ
һſӿӰͰ͵ùӣһУͦûгĵһҲ̫ˡ˵Ӧ춼ڵĵܡ
÷

׵ϷŪûв廰ʹ˵ľŲͬĺӼһϷر˷ܡû취ֵһûɶȤ£˭һд󶯾һѷط贫
䣬Сӵ۾ǱһһʵСֶӣִֵ϶ţ϶ǻУصָ֣
С͵͵Ƴ׵һۣȻرĽСѼֵܡ

ͬһĶӡѾǰһλǰϣδ޵ˣǧһ֡
׵˵ףλֱֱȫѹ´󲮺ʵˡ
ͷһΣѾԼʶ̫٣ܴ˲Žˣֻϧλǵ壬ǿФĶ
ͷĺˣôôҡ

ѹӸͬɻӣԼͱˣ춼ںϱŸɣ˶ϱԊ϶ǰ˵ˡ
÷ʱһҭ
뵽ʲô߳ŭز˵˶ܻԼôôûã
Լ˲װ٣ʵҲһģŲһ󣬵ԊûµӣͶУôֺĵñȽʵڡ

λӵģ֪Լܡ
Ȼ÷һ뵽úͷͷʱһֳԷԲ㣬˯˯ŵĸо
Ȼ̶ܳȣ˭ҲȲ󷿡

Ѿһ
ΪΨһˣΪյĹȫҵϡ
ȻѾִһɨվТ˳ռϷ硣
һ׵ջı飬򲻸ٻϼͣ񼫸ףʵڲ̼ﱻһͨ֡

Ҳ˵ﻰѾѡ񽵵˴ڸУ߿ʼ첹Ѿû𣬲׵ûĴ治

ҾͲܸһ𣿡һ뵽յõͷһζϱԹ֮⣺ǵڼǼңڿɺˣﶼΪûҵﶼԸһġǾңһΣɲǲǴ磬᲻󡣡

ò˵侯棬Щˡ
ңҲţĲݣ϶ǻºֵġ
ǰֵ۸ʱľܹ˶ȥļֵܶǳԹġʱ򣬿ǵֳݣ̫û˱ˣжôػ塣

μֱ¼䣬˵ĵɱǸʤǰ
٣ǰ֪ôܴ

ͬҰɫ
ռ޽ŵĻ䣬һλ򣬰ҲȽյҸӻ١
ǲ

ĿӼﲻԾɫѾһͱΨһдҲֻǴ̫Т˳Т˳Ӧõģ𣿡
⻰Ŀڣϸ룬û
ϱТ˳ʲôֻǱĸ̵̫ˣҪҲܹ

ĸ˼ỤĹŮ
Ѿ淵Сһ仰˼ʱ
˵һ仰ֻʣ˵ģֻѾɫһЩԾǲǶӲˣ

ʲôӲȻһҲ˲ùϱȽѯʣǲˣҪȥȹһ𣿡
Ĵ򣬲ϵĴ򣬶ǴﱾенŴ

ֲʲôˣһɾˡ
֪ɷ¶ЦΪңܵһѵ⣬ⲻǲӦǡҶĺӣһΪ򱧲ƽ

ϱһף
һϯ۾Ӷ࣬ʯĳˣᱻΪָᡣ
һ־ᶨˡ
һ˵ڵĹǲٿڳԡ

˰ΣһԷ˫վһ
䣬˼ŵĻһ뵽δĶӣģյԹǱ淳ɹ⣬ֻûɢ

ˡ̾һҡʵҲûʲôЩһܵ𣬵ǊĶӣû𣿡
û¡Ŷӣյ飬Ҳжıһ뵽˱ϼ֣ǵĶӿǺúӣ֪ģҸղֻ̫һˡ
µĻǧšǣһ൱һֻ̥ΪͷǷͷһӣ
淵ͷӦġ

ȵްһȷɷǳûƢ淲ŸҰѹͷĴ㣬С˵˳ҵģǻǾذȥˡпյĻǲӦȥҵأϾǵһֱסլͷ̧ܹͷͷԶЩģǰȥʱһãҲ̬ȷı仯

ʵϣǰѾۣ᲻ðլ
ȻѶһ£ǲҲС
ĻﶼţοҲֺò˹ţȻ߶û˺ôȻֻ·

ϱ㣬˼ŶϽ̬ȣȻ⻰ͦмֵ
ͷԶ˼ҡ
䣬òϵĺɫټϽһ£Ҳϸһ֪Ŀ⡣

ĴЩѿδаլ뷨˿̵һ⡣
ӱܵĵ̬Ҳִųӷ⣬ӦаɣҾͻȥҵأϢɣϾӵˣӿɽڡ

һͷ󷿾ٰլʱ䣬ĺνѵõرźʹͬ뷨

յڣνʶ˵޳ܣԼѴçΪ
ĻνһЩ̫˳졣
ǰӣγһԲͣʹֵĳ棿
ν룬ʱ˲ãһЩӴ򽻵

ϵĵҲӡ
Ҳƽռʶǳһͷ˵С٣ͺжô˲
ʵϣŵͷĸŴ󻧣һ壬ʵһҲơ

νﰵһأϲɫʵ๫ӵӣƺ𣿡
ƴӣǰͷνʱʱشߴ٣һλûףȻӲͷƤʣ¾ֻûѡʼ
ٲʵѡˣϾĵһӣ͵õȵһº󡣡

һ
νȣӹ̫վȵסˣٶ˵ЩʲôӦ˵⻤סɷʵδ̫ĸмҴĵΪԷ䲻
һʱ򣬺νﲢмڷ޽
߸ϵ̬ȣҲѹĸΪһλӣ·



֣½һ֪Լ˸µĴ£һλȴ֪һ
µĶӶ˵ģ㵸ģƺ޲ܹһ£ﻰ⣬ѵҪԼ˸
ϡ

½üаҲŻһҶѣ㵹ǰѼӵĸ£˹
ѵĿһֻԴףֵָ췢ģģôȲϊһָͷһֱǶһݵġ
ֵιǻǺء

ٶ˵ĻֵǼƤֱð׵ķ硣
ǰӢһصͷ˲䶼˼˹ֲӦġ
׵飬Сѵãһء

սѵˣ˸ףɰСһնӶȫء
ֵõĳĿ⣬ǰ̫һλǴĵףеӵġ
СʯӾ̲ס۰Ͱ͵ѯʣʱô




39.     ɽϵ⣬Ū˵

СƤƤ, ʤڻġ
ظǲˮۣƾһӵӲ֧ŵ, ȴ, Ȼ䡣
׵ЦģЩҪ󣬵ǰŰ, ֪ɶá

˭˵Сƭģ
һǻӹС, ܹƭһʱ쳤ؾõģܻɡûҵһϷ, , һ˼ĵѿС
ǰͷ, չһ鷢Ĺ֮, ֵԶûнյֱۻս, 𺳡

׵Ķ̫򻨴йƬҶմȻĴ̼
СܲͷѪڣСѺСʯӸǴϼѪ޵˻Լ
ϧȶ֣Ҫһչ۷磬ȥαȽϿ졣

, ˵Сʯһ˼𰸣СѶرֱ׵Ƴͷ˫ӣգգ͵ģֵǲĬʮ㣬һС׵ɿڡ

һ⡭
ѲһĪ⣬һɸ֮ˣչ¶š½Ϲ۵ģ̲סһأ˼һգ־Ǹڸġ

½ﲻϹǰͷжδĦɷӣ˭ûԼˡѵ˼ʱɱŮ˶Ҫ仯޳ûΪ˴Ҫǰ½ͬǱӲҵ֮һ
λ֪Լ˵Ӹԡ
ƣ΢΢̵ǣ˸˸ĺ½֪ԼСӣҪͶǰࡣ

½ΪıдһһֵƫҪֳĪе̬
ģô˼ذѺȡϽģꪶ£

ĸܶ
½ɲѧɣһ£һǡ˺ͷλУҰοаɣǵĲ壬һԸһԸͻСĵ·ϵϼͷƳԺܳ˵ǹˡ
ʱһԷ޵뷨ͬ
һǣɵ÷˱㣬ǰɣǡϻǺ̹Ʋ̫Ͳ˶ӳŲŵס



Сʯһ˰ߴ
ݣԺ⺢׵۵ӣһͷ
ӳɤӺαرίۣҲۡ
˿̣׵ֺ

½ǲɫرסУȻҰҩ֮ĶǶ£һλԺ󣬵û£Ԥ˵ĸҩ
è˶˼ѣСܳԿͣһЩ
ӻѱСҰһȵĳ徢ȥûķȴǵС£׵һ¡

СԴϣ벻׵ģֱʰޱֵĿ͵ر⡣
첻֪׵ʲộϱһ£̫ͷ϶ء
ǷʰСӣѵʲô

С˾˼ǳ
ʹڣһɽһɽߣ˫ߵĽ壬ȻǳǸѣȫʤ
ǲϼӲңҲգϱص׵Ժ󣬻˽ֹһ۾ĴΣڱˤݶͷκ

ܵ˫صشСʯǲˣλɲСӵġ
С̵ܹز½ﶼ̲ס߿üۡ
ʱֻͣͷ档
ôһ룬ˡ

óԹɫĿӼ׵ۣ޶˵ظҲװǰӲſ
Ǻá
ֻϧ׵һͰ
һ롭ŶûҲգСӣϱĻһҲġǿ벻̣

վ޿̣һֺ𣬶һԶջĺͷ
ޱţܲˣλ˶κνڣ
֣ˣˣܵܶûôɣҪ֪Ů겻ͬϯѧųˡ
͵Сӣ

Сʯҧгݣ˭ɣСԵһ׵ɵĲӵĳ֮飬Ȼάֲա
׵ͣӡСѵ飬ʵҲ൱΢

ѲŲĵµĶӣ·ϡ
ִһɨע⵽ͷļͣϱͣ»ʵҪʲôҪҰæ𣿡
½ﲻ˼Ҫæ⼸Ǿͣһ£ɿɿ죬ϾӵӹǣҲýݽϡңٹ첻ǵ˰æкöϵÿȥϲһ£пյĻҲȥŪһЩͺϺˣϾȽϲۡ

˰æҪòģƳȷĸҲɽ׽ɫ
û취ǰӡ̫㣬ѹǲܷġ

没һͷ޲ûޣȻû롣ɩӺνʮָմˮģָ˼ҰˣΨһǶɩӣǰԸͷεһĴǰ̬ȣƨߵߵԸ

½ס
÷ŵģɩˣ뿴һܾܲǰӡ

½еЦҲܹ˳ˮۣԣ÷С˵־ĶɩӣǼУ˳۵һλ٣һλ˼ǳɶƵסǶԷŲţڱ˴˵ĶԹ½ûɶġ
ң½ͦϲʵСӣ˼ҶӵķϣҲԸЩӡ
ɩ÷ǿҲմ϶ӵĹ⡣

żһͷ°ĵλӻôͷôҲмõϽá˵һͷҲӻ˵ǼļɩҲæˡ
Ӽǲ١
ɽϵ⣬Ū˵ˮµ⡭

½ǳǳ䣬һ˫Цˮһ½ĺ飬֪ôģѵͬϼ֣ؿڴ飬ĺ
ϧſڣƻյľˣСʵҪæ𣿡
СʯӽҲѾǴˣܰæ
ѣ춼кӺ裡

аӦûԹɣûԼˣ½ﵹǺܸ˶ӵТ˳һЦ죬ȥ㣬ܶŪһЩ
ֵ㣿
СܻһզͣŪõ㣿

ֵ˭˼ſУ¨㣬ô񶼱ȽϿס
ڡ˼ûⶫǿˮԷ˼Ҳеģǰӵûб仯Ⲷ˼治࣬ڡʵҲûӶ٣ΪҪӵܹڷĴ㣬Ҳÿһ¼ڲС
˵ĵ֣һӡ

Ͼʱ򣬴ȷ˻ȥ㣬ȫƾû㶼̫ˣøͷϹӵӣܡ
Сô죿Ȼֻܲף㵽ף




40.  ʹ   Ѿ׵ģѧģ

½һ
֮෴, ֵʹؽʾ֭οοĺûѾѻɽ
Сû, ﻹ˷ܵػֱ, кͬСϵСӣҪҪһȥ氡øõܶһ𣬾͵մҲС

÷ŹŮϴժˡ
ҵũæǸһ䣬ʳȫѾս, żź, Ѹõĵɹѹȡ

Ŵѹȫ˹үͦͷԣĺ, ջʳ, һҲӰ죬ͷĴǹҲ˳ɡ
ʯ׿˹, һ㻹ǵÿеˡ
, ̫ɤӵĲףʯٰѿøϸһ, Ȼٷɸס

㲻þ˼
ܳϾ㸣ֲֲܴڣ
ȻʯֶΪãɶ룬붹ӣҶ˼ҼһĶ

ΨһĻ, Ǽģڼ԰æ
ֻһֻԷּʱ˭Ҳûᶼᡣ
ӣǲˣҲóԼѾϸ첲æԼϲ鷳
ҪĻҲ᲻Ӧ

ҼҶ֪
ڶ˭ܽһ裬浽һֵܵͷ»ǵÿԼȽʵڡ
Ȼ˿ͷӦò󷿡

գһǰӵ̬ȣλĸ·𾭴һ⣬׵ش󳹴򣬲Ƕ𣿺Ǻǣ̫žһأÊһƣεݺ϶ӣȫǴӵĵߣΪĸǿӿɰҸµĶ£һһʵμġ

Ҳãλĸǲڱ֧УһߴĥˣһȴʹнŴкһ淺ۣӾ̰˸ؼУȫ˷ƲļǮһɧĻȶ

һ˱֣˼ҵĶһݡ
ǻеŮˣõ﹤Ժ󣬿¶ûƹһۡ
ʵ֤淵ӹǽ׳ţ

˵˼ңǲȥĸģϧһλǰװˣǲġֻ˵Լ͵Լе˭ҪӵζǿдͨһˣͶ졣طԸǴػǿһ̲УΪ˶ĺӣشĺӵĽȻҲҵɶ߷硣

ӻ̫٣ҪϱҲæ½÷ܹôУÿλĴɩ
÷ãһ굽ͷũæʱۣ겻ֵʳû٣ɵûһ룬ԣĻŭţֳֵĺ顣
½ɫͺ΢һУôƶеϤӰͷ



¹ܴĸĶԹ½к÷ϴ˵ĶͣˣλΪʡ£һ̲˱š
֮ǰһͨط÷һ㣬ҼһһҲ̲ˣ÷ղզ̲˵ȴԣԼҲԣϷͷֻʡǮʡģֶΪ

÷ǲٰȫӸŮҪһ˵ϻţΪͣôܣ£ǣҲô롣
֮ǰûߣһλҲֻ۱ֻۡ
÷ȴģ֮£ŮҲǰͷܺµš

СУķĺӣֶѴȥĥһֱСѵĸƨ汦СӣûķֵܣһλȻɹġСӣ㣬СòƸѿôʱֵܵһֶӣһ棬ͷĽɲǻܵġ

ѹĵף½Ц[[к˹ĵҪݵСӣһĻĿէȻһ

÷ӣӿڣϽֻһӣҪȥ棬ôҡ
Сĵ£ûϴ˵ĺӣ־߯󣬺ò˶껵òˣ÷СֿವģƤһһġ
һܰѶӴߣ÷֮á

СӸŷƵģ˵СȱһѾ̲ͬסҲһ
÷ȴһۣ£

ѾƵر˱죬÷ȴɲΪϻһǰ£һ£Ҳ֪÷һСѾͣ÷Ųˣ濼һ¡û취̫׺ͷҪ÷ǰһſھֱӾܾ
˭ˣ

ѾĽԶЦɵֵĵܵܣһ֪СӣŴɤţһ̬شУҺȥһԣ
㣿ɶ
÷̫ĵػصУĴ㡣

Сǵģһ⻰˫ĲЦݣžá
½Ҳͦӣһһ£ҲҪһǵСӴ
СӺܺúģˣСֱֱͦģһԵһģ
ֵҲ̫˰ɣ

︹ٶ࣬һȺСܲͷǸ½Ĳ
·ϣȻȥӱµĸˣмһϤ˼ң٩һЦϣõģҪȥʲô£
˻شСӾͲӣһأҪȥȥ

÷뷨һޣһЩ΢΢һ㶣һЩȴ¶ŹЦ⣬ѵСŪһɶͷԵĺģ
ֵܶǻӵģǿ۸Լˣȴǲԡ
˵С˸Ը磬ذѿЦļסͷǼҵС鷳

һ·ϣСһǶǱŻ
벻֪˰ǵķӦȫ۵ס½ü΢΢һȴûж˵俪ĻһַС϶ǰĲ졣
ڣЦ˼ǲڵģ

½УЦǺһš
ڽι򾣬ӵԺȿһͣöһ£νȤ

ʵϣһͷʱ䣬ͷĶʹ
ˮȵҧ˹ӣʱ䶼ûУ½͵һβĲ㡣

С˷ܵʱ䶼ûУΪϵͬҲ˶
ֵܣôܣ

ܿɲܣ㻹ǵȵϲС
ò˵ǻͷСͬ˷ܵشУҲˡˣ

СʯһƲԾûļӹӰ£ӵ¨ͷûֵܶﲻף¨ġû뵽ò¨㣬ȴװ㣬Ҳڴ¨ӡüһⶼڼβˣ
СʯӸϽøСסͰӣǺһβ㣡
鶼ر˷ܡ



½Ԥ⣬س̵ʱСһϲЦտĻǰĻ
Ȼǳеġ
СĻǰͷЦĴС¶¨ϵĺ㣬˵Ȼǵˣû뵽ôף㿴ǶԲһЩ㣬ͷȵԺԡ

һЩ¨ص㣬ȫһ
ţһû˼ȥлҳһЩﶼȺʯˮˮǼŻؼöȥץˣĻȥ٩ˡ

գʯˮε½ˣǺӰˡ
ΨУ޶˵õ÷Ӱ켫
յӵϵ㣬÷ȷϲ񣬵ķӦȴһЩ޷ֱֻϧ˺ˮԱߣ⣬ﻹ㣿

÷̰С˵ģԼʧ˺ö⣬ֱʹԸӣƫƫ׹ŮһԲͱ˵ˣһɾͲֻѣҵɱӴˡ
÷
Ѿ׵ģѧģʡôŮ




41.  ͽ   

Ȼߺ, ضˡ
żһͷֵܣһͷֵܣϽǳ˼, ͬ˰æ
ͷ, ˭Һ˭ҵĹϵã˿ȫһĿȻ

Ȣ޼ŮǷӣ£ƽʱҪû˼Ҵùϵ, ʱҲæ, ǻᶪӵġ
һ͵ˣԶ
, Լҵ, ƽҲˡ

ѵôӽõһ, ȴСӵӡ󲻲
ֻŶײĵ, ͼò˳
һЩ˶ӵƫ裬϶ôгϢ, Ķ˵ġ˼ңżһ棬ӭĺһ˲黶

öСӣ˵
һ㣬ˣ;Сӵıԣٻȥ
벻֪, һλǰΪ׻Ȼʮ㣬һ㶼䷳߶ûϵܵõ֮ϲ

½峺׵ӣǲû뵽һԵͦİ
аɡѿĶͷһȺ£бӣ¶⣬ٲէƤģ

ʱĻӰӡ
ԴӶܴȥѣֻԼϹһλôŨҵţôʹδ˷֣
ŵǰѾ㳤òŮһǷ
ڣôιѸʱᳯ׸ۡ

ϧĳ͵λ治ȱĻŮˣնһľ飬һλԳƵս
һЩˣ޹غģҸоá
ѲȱģҲ

ˣ޶һɧΪ෹̸ʣɴһضȴ߸˹ȥ׶ء
ɱǰʡĶˡ
Ψһı׶ˣǴҲʱЧԵġ

˿̣ͷѣȻҲͷȺѵĴֲںȣ򦣬Ũܵȣͦһ壬ĶӣҲǳġ

ˣǡ
ѵĺòȴֺͷһ˵Ҳˡ



ΪĸģȻϲŮ̻עӣ½ĸһɻֱţѵ˵һǣǶûˣ

һŮߵϱԵ̫̫뿿úõشһ£νʶ˵ľ飬ûŮ͹Ůһ
ۼŮذŮմϵĲҶѹ׵ɤУǾ᣺Ɗͷմ϶ãôæ𣿡
̫̫ʱһ졣

½ĸƣȻŮ͹Ůǻҵط
ǰ̫̫ŭģһƼһԵӵ˲ˡ
½ĸŮжôϡϹŮ

̫̫˼ţҪҪæѷʱѵųȳȥˣµķλ½ĸײ档
Ϊ̣վʱ͵ԼҪסӣܲΡ

Ĺٶ½ͬˣΪ˸˼һӣû֣ʵﰡ
½ĸȴǲģֻû͵ֱһ£˵ңŮҪҲͷ֪ǷޣƼˣǻᱻ˵лġ
½˼ԭ޶Ѿñ˵˼ꡣ

½ú޹˵ϼ仰ᣬľùŴŮҲ̫ˡ
ҲǺ⣬½Ҳ죬˳ش´עһ㡣

½ĸȷʵͦ˹Ůֺԡ
Ȼ̫̫Ƕ˽ŮǻŪһ̫š
һᵽŪ½ĸһһ£˵ӦˣһؾȻ׼˲ٵĺö

һƼϱڴĴβ㣬½ĸΪŮ۵һһġ
ǻ˶ٵӰ
ϱǸˣǶСûԼˣһӣΪСӣһԼֺòˣ

֪ΪҺãҪæö죬ÿ춼Ǵػ˺һ԰綼ôΪҺãкһȫæܵһǣ½׼˼ҵ̬һöǺͺ̫̫ϲּġ

ңŮҲû϶ӣֻȽϷǮЩûϹŮİǮ½ڳؽţǺöţһΪ֪ˣ⼸㻹Ҵȥġ

ģ½ĸһ㶣һ治֪µģ

ǰ˵ȺŮײˣô㡭ӿɶġ½գգۣһ޿ֵ˵ͺϺ˵ʱͺﶼУҪץô࣬дʱر鷳һЩû϶Ǯ

ͺϺһ򲻺ץһЩ治ʲôӣ½ĸ
½ĸɺسŹŮû뵽ô

Ŵ˶ġ
ϹŮǼ˲ΣײȺ½ĸҲѹֻһͷ롣
ýң½ɴҲ˳ˮ۵صҲҽرҶҪҪӿסܲ𣿡

½ĸǹŮŵ˭ϱּܷһǲ˵ģ
ּʱһ㣬Ǿ䣬Ů˵ֱĺã׼ҺôôӺأʲôĻҵġɲ꣬ӾһéݣҲֻжӡ
ϰ鵱׬ӣֻһЩô죿
˼Ҳ㣬͵ðңĸٶõЩʲô½ĸûֲʵʵ뷨

һԱȣ½ĸߵ׼ң˿ôƣرͰס
½ĸ΢΢һ̾ǺˣɵúúТ˳˼ҡ

ĸ̾ͦͻأģ½ﶼûзЩʲôҪ׼ĸ̸µӣΪɵذһš
һλ΢΢һȻĵֲϱôТ˳鶼׼ĸԴ̣

Ծࡣ
䣬ǰͷǡĵ׼ңһԱȣ½ĸֱĿУ׼õ䷶

ǵ춹ĵˣ򽻺õϽҲô࣬ǰΪ½ĸǳŮ޶ȵ¾û뵽˼ҾȻ˵
ΪᣬظеǸ
һͷ½ĸͬΪԷеĴΣ̫̫һֱΪӣһϲĥϱĶš

ǣƼ׼Ҵͽ⣬½ﲻֻĪ˳ǣĵаɣܱȽãߵúþˡ



ǣżҶʹذæϽ죬½ﶼ˺ϣϵԷӡ
ǣÿ춼вֵ˺ţȺæɻˣֻ˺Ǿӣʮ㡣
ϵģȫŪõʱ䣬ȻԭԤʱ䣬Ҫ졣

½ӣҲŪש߷ʡùŵСıǸۡ
²ש߷üӣ鳨

סµӣСûһ˵ġ
С᲻ү̣رһԼӡֵС½ﻹǴסһ䣬ʡ˺¡
İţѾģϱƺӸ߳
ϱһ˵ģ




42.  ݷ   û

ͷ, ȥ峿һֺõԴ飺ϱ, Ҫһɣ
½ҧг, ⹷ˡûģҧģ, ǸɫܿȾ, Ͳö̫ã
½ֻһ֣

ܣ
ⱲӶܹģ
˱˻Ե, Ȼֵϱ, ʡð˸ջ𣬽Ͳ˽

ѲⱾ, ɽŪ, ָ˸˵ģ
Ϊ½ǰԵ, ȻҲһֺóա
ɷһسš

ɫŸ
ڹеʱϰżˣһܹԶ
ţ½½˯ˣһŴӱͷ˳أʯˮĻݷ¸

½ӹǼã۲һյʱ, ܹر
в룬춯˵ؿ޺ͻȻ쳹ء
ԶӣǱȳ˵Ķ½ﲢûкӵͬʱغ

½͵һȴвԾ
ԼҵӣɶΣյģƾԼ˵ľģ˭ҪС͵С飬Ѿ۶˵֡
䣬˭֪ѵĲǣĶӿûôȱۡ

½ĶͦѸٵġ
Լô£ȴҲʱסӡ
ģӳľӼΪίС

Сңһʪܵûޣ޴ĵܵܵǿ޵

СʯҲòȥ
뵱һø磬ȴû뵽ܵôӣֻѺ壬ڶŪҲˡ
ǰСʯӣڱŤͽϾԸС󣬴֪ĸģӸе˼ǽض˳

½湻ҵġ
һ߿֣һ߻вĴĸģذױ

˵Ҳ֣Сӱһѱڻ޵ɤֹס½ܵԼ·ֻСƽץסճһ֣һûһĵġСȻûٺ³ҭĿȴҲһʱͣί

½ЦСôڵԸãƽϣ˼ң϶ᰤġ
һЦСĪҲתΪЦǺǡ
Сʵˣ

ֳֵܻ緶˵СǱƷӰ죬СʯȴǾԼͬľȻǰʱھõܵǷᣬһƶǶĴСʯӻǾȴ˲С˹
СΪôһ䣬Ǿôغã

סݵͷһ죬һӶиڡ
½Լеĺӣϴһ飬Ȼˬ·ʼۡ
ǰԵǴ׷½ȻҪζ
Լҵӣûа沣ûаߣʲôٹζ󲻴⡣

˸гϸ飬½رϲԴͱӣͷҺĴͱּģȻ㡣
̫ͻȻδ׼ýˣȫˡ
ֻҪһѣСҲǸһѣ߶ꤵ

ҪǣСӾȻ׵һˣ
ȽϿһ㣬˭ͷ棬ȶضȡ

ƽС̫Ҳ̫ɣ½ﻹûԭһλʵҲһ˵ӡ£СһģҲԣˣȴǲô谭µġһһСܹջľ񣬾ܹһԼ档

СҲûţ½ЧʵģǰͷʱͬҲʮֻСšͷò½ٶһЩ
ǰûƭĸļٻɲġ
ԼüԺ󣬳϶㰡Ըﲻ

˳ԷʣºöòŵòҶһЩȫüڷܵɩӸˡʵ½ﻳһ֮ͣ½ĸԸġΣӳͷӲҶǻģһԸµι
ëСë׵СģֺϲĽ׶Σһʱ½治ϡ档

ι˼һСڷ޿ϵСӲһؾȲɷʡúӶˡ
Ŀǰǰݣǿյġ
ӣղһʱֻӦһ¡
סլһͷʱҲԣ

ﶼǮǮĳȴҲһɣסӣȫש߷
Ҿߵӻ͵óҲɡһѣҾȥܿ
һͷﲻԣ½ҶϼҾߣҪдֵİΣװ·ӵĳ񰫹һҲһУҲһʲС⡣

ͷ˭Ƶüͷн˲Ž
ѵǡôĿˣһӰӶûС
ΧһȦǽ½뼸ֳŪȥģլüľӣȦסһӵסһе󶯾˼ҶһĿȻܲ٣ʵڲڱ˵Ƥӵ¡

ڣľ汻˷ֵĻҲ׵ģֱ˵͵ġ
⣬½ҳŮ˭ã

½½ĸչŮӣ½ﶼҪûôɴ˵ǹ͵͵ġ½ĸ׼ĸΪˣٶ೶ϼ䣬˵ǡ
һܶһӣͷѴһͷҲˣȥðҾ߽һõĺ£½ﲻ

СҧһڴͱµʵСһ컹˯𣿡
дϼƽ˱ܾܵŵ顣
䣬һùġ

СʯҲÿ޲ͣĵܵܣЩмܲסʱ˲óԴףС׵ܻ̫ܵСҿȺһ˯ˡ
ʵСʯҲ˯Ѿ׵ɶģŲֿԵ顣˲ҪûСӵ飬СʯʵûûƤ׵

СӶöֵҪ˯
Ӷ룬½Сһۣһʵֻޣе̫Сˡ
½ﲻãӦаɣܾܵͼ˯ǾԼһӡ
ɽݣͷһλԼʵղţ˵ʲô˯˯

飬ò࣬һԼҵĹ˳֣½Ȼһλĺ޽ƣټСӷ۵Сôƶرɰ
½ɫıһΪ³جģûʲô˵Сӣú˯
ѣ



½ô˳ۣڣòײųˣôƣ϶ӷǳذۣ
ۣǰΪУСʡģû뵽ԼҲϹʱ

¹ܣѵͷʲô½ֻŵֻѼףȥѼˣ
ҰѼͼѼӣ⿿ϵɫͼñһ

ѵ⽵һǰ˵ϲѼɽһˣ뵽ѼüѼӱȽϺóԣڴͷ˼ֻ
һװ·½Ѿٶ֣ЦеˣҪȥڰݷʯ̣ϾķϣҲÿķϣѼÿһֻ
ѣϱѧˣ




43.     һ仰һӶǶȻһ

½Եصȥݷھ, һڣŸ
дǣҺʯ̶оɣһǸӦõ𣿡
½ҪҰѼӻ, һȥݷã
һߣһ, Ȼ붪һ

Ϸ½һۣܲ𣿿϶ǽŻᣬڸ, Ū뾡취, ͷ
ѵͼһĿȻ
һ׵ģ㲻֪֮, ׵, һЩĻ졣

ҪȥݷʯţбʮĶ, رСɽ
Դˮһ¹, ӾҲûмСɽĳ֡
ѵ÷һ壬ȴûк, ˺úýѣȴһӰӶţ
ӵʧп֪
δⶼõϸƨ棡
ʱ˿̵ĸˣرĬ

һſȸʯңҲûϵԼҲڶÿ͵һ졣



õԣϽӽɽλá
ûլһͷ֣ȫˡ
˽ĵԵʣ޶ѡ˶ĵطٵĺôܹµķΧȽϲ˼, صļ۸Ҳһס֮ڡֻסӣĵطֲ˵ĵطһһȫܿǽȥ

ԵΪƫƧΪϲ
ӽɽλã̫زȷԣһԣǼѵѡ

Ӳ޻ҪȰһķ޶ϲСȦӣĲɢգӾɶҽ
һ򸾶δһԣֹ̬ȣ±
òף仵ֻҪתһ˲˼վѡһϹӣһĵĺӡ

ƲλõĲ룬һƬԼҵأ̫̫ϲġ
䣬֪˵ؼԺ󣬶ԼĪ⴦ԭ

ʯˮĸԣӡ
ĵĺλãѾռ˲ࡣٴһĵطؼȴûбȽϱˣѡпԭ

ʯλʶˣɥɥӵĹ˶رɻ䣬ֻ޲ٸԶ֮һ㡣ӡУλԭҲסڴ˴Сɽ⺢ӣмַСִһ˴˴λá

˴ϡ١
ÿһжξ룬լϼ·һ˼ҵס
ˣʯҵλãǶϺǵңһ⸽һ

ĺȻһЦö붼׸ԭ޷ʯ̿˷ӣסﱾʹżɻ䣬澹ȻҪһ֮ӣͻǽ£Ѱһ֪Ѷˡ

½ȴʵʯ̵۾ҼǵǴ̫ĹϵԲŻὥ۾λ˵ܺ𣿡
ԭʯ̵Ľǳеļ䣬ǴõϢ΢΢ȫӲĻ⡣

һ˫أ޶˲Ŷðʾʯ̺͊һټϹŮͬĴͷһݣһִ̝ʯ̸ĸ˹ϵ˹̵ġʱ򣬴ĹºӦöǼ޾Ӷࡣ䣬ʯ̵ĸĸʯ̼ûþȥˡɩϵȻûиĸʱǰѺáɩ⣬ӹУҲǲض˵Ȼѩϼ˪黹ںͷʯºûãɷجĽӴͷĴ£ڷзԵУҲ֪ġ

½ѻɨһ飬ɫȻȻ֪ռ޽ͷһ꣬ö˻ʯʾңǰࡣȻԺȫֻһ˵ǣ˵ĸء
½Ѳ˵ĻͲѡڽհݷá
ң޶ˣȫ˭֣·޶˶ǵʲõˡ

֪һ飬ֵܶǽζʯǰͬС޶׽к󣬵ͬʯǺÿม
Сʯ׸Ĺע㲻ͬƽЩ滵ôô˵

½û˵ֻЦһ£ӵͷСʯݷоϿɣ仹Աһ¡
ĿһУֻоҲеˡ

ĳ˵С½üʵһңˣǰ̫࣬㣬ϴ峤ôһЩ˵ģ
ѶʱһЩСʡ汻ϱ乬ɤӵϴ峤ԭ⣬ʵŪӣһվû˳£ʵ޷ôǿӲֶΡϴ峤ùһӣʯǺãƿشӵֶΣֻүү֮һвǿСɽĸͷ̩ɽԳ֣ϴ峤öԷҧֶΣѾǼˡ

ŴľأײĵˣǱ壬ǲǵó˹»ҰΪ˲壬¹ļ⣬ҲîϷ
½һƣҵСɽ游ĸҲȫ޹ˡ

޶˵Ľ̸˭ûδ㡣
ʱԴ̣õĽ
ˮܴʯСܼÿһ򼸷֡
ӿɶǴϻ۵ġ

ʵ֤СѺСʯһ˼˼š

Ҳûţ仰ʱ䣬һӾʯңסԵʣоסӣͷҲΧһȦǽ
½ŸûٵؿǹŹ֡

ģε˶ԣŵʱ䣬϶ûô١
Ȼһ׵ĺͰò˿潹˭ͷģ
ʯ̱ΪϹţֻ⾰ģӣĿκ

ʯ̻оɵѣʯ̣ӰӦüǵҲŶ԰

һѳ֣ʯ̵΢΢һۺӣʯȻǵ㣬Ȱʯһæʯ̵Сӣڷţ˾ûã뱧Сɽ⺢ȥƲǱϰ죬᲻ӡ

һ仰һӶǶȻһ

½ϽֱͱߵˣѸϽȻû⣬һӣȰѺӱ
ʯ̲ɵ鷳ˣߵͷ




44.  ʯ   Сɽе֪ʱ

ӷǼ°
ĩĥӲ, Ȼƽţıǽݷֱһӣһһµÿ

ǰ, ½ܹ޶ԡ
˿̵, ȵסͬȴǶ˲١

һʾ£ļεˣӵķ, Ҳڱһֱٽ, մһغ˺¡
һʯָʾӣѾҵðȣɫ԰׵ĺӡ⺢ӿɲȵ¶Ŀ, ȻССɽ, ˵ΡɽҲ, Сͬ, ȴֻСʯӲߣظûб˶ء

Ѻ, һ񱻰Сһӣ߳⡣
ۼɷź߹½һͣĿüС⺢ӵĵӺܲ

ʯ̵ԼӰӻܹƵüѰ˱Ժ˽ǵʱԼ
⻰, ʯ̵ɫһСɽ⺢ӣرعԣͲ֪ô˲ϲôĺӡӹ̹⺢ӵȷͬĺӣҪССӹǶҪָƫƫƫƫ

ʯһƵģеﲻһλ˵˻µǽڹͷġּ˼ҵУǼΪټȻڹǶԷվСɽĸʯ̻ǰѶ񶾶ָ˻

̾һʯ̵ɫ΢΢һҲǰСɽǰŵлӵӹǲǷġû뵽̫Żûţǻôһ⣬

ʯ̵ϳ˶һǸΣһɵů⡣
ůѷ޵ţ˼ҶһЩ⣬ǲɻһӲ̫Ű

ѵõģѵĹﾹ³һʯ̣˵ʲôгݷģﲻúһƣһֱǵʯ̊ĽӼãʯ̶ǼҲжġ
ʯ̿ûôƤҡͷһⶼǶǰ°ҲŲһϡѣ㲻ʲô顣Ҳлˣȴһᣬʵ̫ˡ

Ѳÿɷ񣺡ҲǊƲô룬էģһϡ࣬˲ҲԹۣûЊľ֮ͣҴɲһܰù
ѹʱӵĹŮѾǰ󱳣ģֻһ˹ȥʱǮõʳҲҲ¶סƶ֮£һͷŷĶǣ˺ƤǣѵˣǽС΢˿

ʯˮʯ̸һϡ࣬콵ʵʱꡣ
һѿûаѡ

½Ц㊅ϲ϶飬ǼҺʯ̊Ҿ˼ңĲѰ֮£ʯҲ̫⡣
ʯ΢΢һ۾㣬æչӣֻ֪ﲻԶȷʵ˽ӡ۾УҲУ֣벻֪ҲѡǼ̻ʯҵһǽ֮䣬ֳ˶Աȡ

ʯ֪ĲϲҲ˼ȥӡʯֶֻ˵Сɽһ£ȴδһ䣬һǨ֮¡ʯ̻һ֪ѾȻֻɻ䣬˼Ҷס˼ҵԱߣϱҲûжٹ˼ɵӡ

ûѪԵܹʾ׽ı֣ʯ̵һЩܳ
ѪԵԼУʯ⣬һǱ־Զ̬֮ȡ
뱲ӶʯѾûչ˵⡣

׻ȱ˵ﲻǻδȥƳȥһƹˡ⺢ӡ½ۼע⵽ϵˣ𷽲ŵĻһ£ӵ⺢ӻȽұιһЩˮСȥһˮ

һϱҪСӣѵ϶ʱһ½˼ҵ۾㣬²غݲһţⶼʲôʱˣȻܳϷɴף
϶еģ

һĲ鲻ԸģСʯ͵͵һҲҪȥҵĺӣСɽıΪֱһˣܹһݡ
С»ɶػСɽ綼ճ׵ܼƽϣǱСҪɣ
һУСʯӺȻˣһƵһ½ＫΪƵüۣ˿̲΢΢һࡣССѵֻΪ뵽û飬ǰﲻǡƤҩ׵ϣ

еСʯüΪӵ׵ıӰһۡ
ӵĴԶذ׵˼У½һ֪ݰͰ͵Сӹ֣̾һ䣺⺢ӿݰ
һֽӹСѵˮǲЦ̵ҵĴӾǹԡ
СѵСһ죬ֲ˼ذͷһƳ

ӵעȫɢ½ָ峺ˮԼõʱ뱭УɫذˮιﺢӵĿС
ǲãȵεСȻʶȻ޷۵ȴǽָ



СɽоȣҲü˵̵˵кö಻̫ϤʹһƣӣɶҲɲɡ

ȵСɽƤӣܶʱѾѺ½ƳнŴһλʯģǴĴգסλȴҲһƫƧġѵݴóֳһһǵ˵̬ȣѡһٵС·

ԼߣСһ·½ﱧڻȵĿĵأŰСȽӹš
½ŵذСɽʯ̵ǰ˼ƳޱýСɽǴӱ˱ڻʱһ˫ε۾

Сɽںڵӣգһ£һµġ½ﱻСĶŪرЦҲЦˣ٩һ䣺գˣģû㡣
½һЦСɽһĸоȻһСӽˣ
ܶˣ

СɽĿֻŻûļϤڶߴСɽ̫ˣģ½̣ʹȥһơ
һ̣Сɽģ͸һ䣬ŷָղǱ˵Цġ
ô󣬻ûд˺ô˵Ц˿Լλ½̵ģȵرڻСȵġ

Сɽе֪ʱһȵڶԱ֣߳ҵȽϴ󣬺ӻǽұȥʯ̰ɡ
¹ǴСռϱеĵһλر롣
ͬͬ⣬СɽѾ䵽ѵϣһα˱ţǰδеĸо
ĿôģСɽͿŸߴˣʯǰԺӣһ˳Ʋĵط

ʯһԼĪʮ͵ˣҩġһˣһΪʲôӵ顣Ͼĳǰȱµ֧Уʱһˣʯһӣӡ̡
ֱƼޱŵĺӣʯĿһףⲻСɽ𣿡




45.  45   ½һص˵ͷ

Ŀײĺ, ʯıһѾһӵˣ˵ҹϵҲϤ, λͦʧһ䣺۸ӣ
޶˱ºڹ, ѵʱƵʲôǻ۸ӵ𣿡
ֵ

½θһ¡
¹ҽϸľֵһ۾ƳԼ˵ıʡ

½ﲻõǣפʯˮʯ, մүǿʦ, ﱻ۸ĺӣÿ춼
ܺӵ֮ͣʯҽ, ͷ, ǲţǼ¡

, һĴ̫, ʯҺ档ΪϲүӵѧͽʯҲʦϹŴ, һЩŮĻֶΣʱҲ١ѡصʯˮ壬һΪ羡һǿڴĵ

һһвҪһֱı
ʯˮĴ廷ʵҲ浥Ǳţʯ治СС˼ңҲܹݹĶǡ

ʯһԹģܹѧҽгɵ, ԳƲޱ΢֪ţͰҵĹϵһ飬λˣûװˣտʼΪһţԹ壬ʯջǶԷĶϱز

ӵãʯжţϤҵ飬ȴôӵʵ
ΪΨһĴʯҪһ˼ɵˡ
λӵĹϵҲǺϲ˵лֻǶϴϱĹ۸Уһϡ

ƽû۸ӣСɽ⺢ַˡʯ̵ãеģϽųᣬ컹ÿǷ̫ʹϾ˵Сɽһơ

ʯʯڵݹϵ
СɽಡԼʯ̵ж㣬ʯʱȥλʯѪԵıݰǰͷʱţҲֻܵճ˻ûô
ңλϵĲҲСûʲôֵú˵

ΪĴʯƽһ£ҲвڼɻˣСɽӱԺ󣬾һֱȥƲġ
ҲһЩ顣

ʯβˣλҽС
˼ʱӵӹۿܵȴû뵽Сɽĸһͷһݶġ
ҲʳӣʯĴд㵡

СɽԺʯΨˣһѪ֮Ụ̆һգλ÷ºݻٰһͷ˿
ĵûȴöʮǮҩǮٷһ

Сɽĸĸ͵ʴס
ܻڣһͷˣΪ˶˼һ£ﺢǿͷ

ߴ˼ɵ̬ȣѷܹĴ٣һʯӲ飬΢һɣ¶һɫ
Сɽϵĺ飬üͷѺӷŵһơ

Ѻˮ˵ͷ±磬Сɽ汻
ʯǺûҲǲЦġ

ѵĺһڰ˸ոշʱƳС˲塣
Ѽʶ㣬ȥ˹¶ԺˣСɽСҲ٣ΪȱСðʧСûëӦ˵ܹˣ޼

Сɽ⣬ȷʵǱ׼
ϧʯֻϵëϵëλɲ֣ذ˰ʵ˵⺢һЩ˼أӹǣ׾ͺ塭ƫƫȣȷҲ̫Уһ뿴һСɽ⺢ӣҿǾȱȥϾùҲչ˺ӣҰҩι£ٹ۲һ粻ôȥǾͿ԰æ˴ȥ

˼һǲ̫ģƽСɽùȻġ֪ùõĸԣôѺӷţ䲻ʵһǴźˡ

ν˰ﵽףͷ͵
˵Ĺǣ½ɴҲҿǱô鷳ˣʯȰСɽ룬ȻٰҩǾˡھסʯ̵Աߣ⺢ǿ԰æţͷʯ̡ô˼һֱտϾĻɾҪˡ

ʯһЩȣΪһԷܹ˳һ̣Ǻܲģû뵽˼һտ
½һǼеʯһаɣ˵ģ룬ҲҪ̫뿪ȵʱԺһ״

ʵСɽܹѹⷢûôء⺢ӵĵ̫ºȻһϾӣʯȥˣһ淣һСɽ
ǰװѹû˷ʱ䣻ߣʯǾľǸˮͷ죬⺢ӵĲ飬ڹŹǰһ⡣
ʯ򲻵òӽ

ֵܴСӹǾͲ
һǺȺϽˮһǺȺȿҩǻûбġ
ôһƣֵ̲ܶס죬СɽģرĿϵĳ룬ôƾôۡ
СɽǺСѲҪȻ𾴣̲סһʣι㲻𣿡

ʵѾƼСֵܣСɽҲֵ֪ܵĵǷűˡ
Сɽһֱ֪СѵģÿһкͶСǰգЦһֱΪĽ

СӹǣСĸûϷߵıǮϣ֮ӵĿĸС벻ܽӽ
Сɽûͬദľ顣
Ӧ˵Ӷͬˡ
СɽǵþȹֵܣҪſڸϿӦȻϣǲ̫ſ˵

СǺѵôӻͦԸư˼Ҹġ
½˳ǣⲻŵһһСΧڿɲ˵ȻλǻᱻʯġСѣ˼ҵ˵𣿡

СѲ׵ϾͲ˼سϴ󣺡ǸȱңҵһҲС
Сɽ°ȴʯϲ֮ɫСعԹԲ

½һص˵ͷ¶һЦӿɽ̣ǹԺӡ
ʱſһ䣬СȻǿģϰߵܹ˵סСɽȴûˣһԺӣһλȵģȫһ֪ģ

ʱ˵첻죬˵

ʯֻСɽĶͷԼĲλƵرϸڵˣԣԵҩѾˣһЩʱٳ״ǿֱӹһʹذ˴

ʵҲòô鷳ӺȻյộ˼ҲܰİﶼˣѺ½ﶼǼƽСµˣֻǾ֮Ͱˡ




46.  ѧ   ÷զһأ˾

Դϴΰʯһ, Ҿͽ
Сɽһģһ֪ʵͦġӶڽѵ, ȫ´

СѴǴ󷽲ƽϵӡ
, ·;ʱԼ˵С飬ȴûһĵס
ĳһ˵, Ҳһֱ¡

СʯӲԵġ
϶˼ϸ, ڵĻѾһ飬, ˭ദ, ر
ȻСʯԲû, ⺢ӵɰء
Сɽͬϸ, СԱ۲, Լ˵˻˲ϲ

ˣյʱǹر죬վнһ죬źլķΧסϵˣҪϵѧҲլһͷȽϽ

һѧĿǰһɣҲͯĹ
ǰͷʼ˵, ѾȥˡλʵҲСԼĪǲ֮꣬ٹ£ҲҪ֪֮ꡣڱ츳ޣλҲҪټȥʡó˵ڶλš
ңѧɣҲһӿã˭Ұʮ㡣
һЩˣӾ񵭣رϲƽƽعӡ

ѧֻһԼ⡣
ҪСʯӵĻ͵öึһӣںСǮ

ϲĺӣܿɹԸﲻ
ƫĸǲڵģǰͷ˵ģǱ˵׵ƫɶİ

Ѻ½ﲻֻ׼öһݵޣΪ˱ʾԱ˴˵Ŀأ˻Ϊ׼˰ʦҲ⸬۲ˡ춹ӡ
ӵݹǼΪġ
Ϊռϱˣһλˡ

ƽǲͦŵģؼʱȴͦ׵ġ
ﲢÿһ˶ᱸѧϾֻӵɣԿƾһ;ΪҰĵˣ͵һշתѧ
ԣһЩ˼ңӿʼͲмѧֱӾȥϾͶ

ʵϣΨһƣʵǽ̺ɣͷҲĲ顣
ƥﻳѪԵƷأ츳ڵˣ峤ɲһЩṩ˿ġ
ӵ׵ı£ܣȫ̯ǰ

ƽʢŶ
һЩ飬Ǽ۸񲻷ƵϹŶ
˼ңʮӶĶοһЩϰĲ飿
Ŵƾ٣ũӵԼϲʿ壬ԴϵĲƽ֮һ

չУӣĿ¶ĺӵĻͦģȻѾʶô𣿡
ѲԵӺ׽ĵģӶ̹һЩ֡

϶ӣ˭ã츳ڣīĺ󱲡
ӡ󼫼ѣӦ˵ѧʳڵøСУѧԶʤһķڷ
屾һʴ⣬ǿЦƵġ

廹ǰѻضӣת˻⣬ЦӲľͷԺҲܸǷ޶һ
仰ٲΰ롣

ڽôĺУСѺСʯӣҲеĻ麢ӡ
˵ӻûѧܹǰѧô֣ѵá

ĿǰҲмǸոսѧĺӣסӣѧҲǽһһһƾ֪ǲĵġ
Ϊһˣĵĺӣڹ·ϣ϶ͷһ̭ˡ
ѧýȥӾǴλãֻǿƾһ;ȱһɣԲŻ˵⻰ٲΰ롣

˿ԼҵƤСӣ̵ֲ͵ģȻˮЦǾļԣԺ˵ģҿ϶СӸһĺ񡣡
ЦУģҿ϶úõؽ̣ͿԴӹѧ

˫г˺һŸλ壬ȫһլ

Сѱͨһ飬һϣȻǼ̷ϲáСʯ֪֮ͦģû϶ǱȲġ
СʯҲˣǲƫеģҲһġ

ֻẠ̊́½ʵҲĸġ
ڣѡλ߽ǰԺͱȻֵĹסˣҲҪ˵Щʲôһصġ

һֱ鲻״÷ǿ˻ɻʱ̫ҿĸ
ϵ飬Թ淣ǰ˵һѵĺٶȲһҵĳϱô˹ŵģ

Ҳ޹ĸԺ׹Ů޷ĵöĺҽڣҲһֱʧܸա
α˴ƻѻҵһЩ̫Ծ淵Ȼһ

ǰĸĻ淿һֱġ
֤ĸĻȷʵǽԡΨ£סɷкӹ

ǰżˣʵŮ䵽Ĺûʣ¼۵ġ
һ»˷޸飬淲һۣŵһվԼһͷ淵ȻǴͷ磬ӸϽլ
ǰƣȫԺ

󷿲ķӣõˣȥµĿӡ
ӣʯˮмģ˶ûʲôȥ峤

ҪӣʯﶼǼΪȣѸǷֶһ£λҲûӣôҪӣ
ʯϵǶ˵סʲôҲûбֱֳҹʱ򣬲л˼䡣

ʯﱾǷС÷ݹϵ͵͵һ£֪ˡ
÷զһأ˾Ȼܱ̰СˣӾһ˵治

󷿰ǰ÷һĽҲûУӶס
Ľ󷿣÷ȥԼĽķģոµĺüӣס϶̹ΪΨһĵ沣÷һһεؿõģһֱ䣬Ҳóͷӣǵûǲ

÷Թڻ𲻼ˣСѵĺԶش̣һˣ
ӳغӵĹẔֱ́
ȵǰ̫̫͹һЦͬӦӣôôغ̣
÷

СѱӵҫһӵǰЩ˼ˡ

ץɦ½ڼΪ̰æѻӵҺ͵ҵģղŴȥǰ˵Ҫȥġȥ֪ݣղȥУĽ嶼ǳмѡΣ治ϣԿġС⺢ӣ׽ģͷһϢɲ͊˼ҷ𣿡

ϢǽϢ϶ĵľŪķӣֲƼյĺ顣




47.     ͬǴˮƯڱ˵ϡ

÷ĸĺɫ, ԱǰЩɪɪԼֲζģﲻסζһѵذӾǺ, ռͷλ, ·˸ƨ̫̫ͨһ顣ѵһ࣬ӿɲǲϡ

÷֣λ½ĵԭ, ˼ҵҪԡ
, ˾ûһԱȣ÷ĵ뵽󷿵, λ¸
沶, ˭۲沣÷ǵʲã

ʱʱŶ, һ, ÷Դͷġķһߺ, ɩȴò淵֮裬ձسҶӳԺ󣬵ʱǲһҪһۣ
÷λ

÷ʣĴǣȫ沼乴Ķǡ
˳һ˼·ͷһ沵ԴǴģǳµĶӾǳٶԹ˵治㡣
ң󲮸һ۶Ƿ, Ż뿴󷿵ӣ

÷ýָ붼õĵôţ÷ԾǴˣ淵ĴԻ·һԼҵӶòŵۣǰͷôܿҪ˵ίȫλ治ɵ
ǹţɲ顣



˿̣ĸ۶ֻдӵģ÷ˡһֺǺǵصԺЦһ߶ӵǼΪۼղҲҴǰȥʵӶȥѧˣӲö໨𣿡

÷զ࣬һ£һСӣ͵ö໨һݱīֽǮ
ķá
÷Ϊںģû뵽ģ

½һƳ֪Է⣬뿴һܲռˣش룺СʯӵȷʵöһݣѧһֻһδּҵĶڣܲǮѧģкӶܽѧп𣿡

÷ҲźҾһӣ⻰Ҳһʵġ
ԴһլȥྵĶһ٣÷Ǳ˲ٵĻ

½ϼ䣬˼ǳϷֳɩӵëǱ˶õĻλ˼һ£½ɩӻԭ򣬹ŲģŮģ沺νλһֱһ·ӵˣû˵ϼ仰һ˫ر񣬾˳˹˭˭֪

÷лĺô½ܹջ񵽲ٵϢ
Ѿȥլ½Ҳȷ˲㵣󷿰ȥˣңĻǾ˵ӣ
ʵã½ﲢ̫⣬סµӣ˭סӣοѶϲϱ˴·ôססķӣֲûӡ

÷ϲྣϲŵľű飬еĳɾ͸ݷг͸ǿҼ֣ǰֵӶһǵҵҲҺҪӣ˵Ҳһġĸֵ棬ʹڲͬкö˶ڰԣѰ˼ǵĴ󲮸磬ǲǶӸ˸ȥˣ

ûǰӵȥ϶գˣƻͬһǲΪ˸СĿԲŲһֵӳ
ʱ˿̣û˻һ롣
淵Ѿһǧɡ

Ӷң½գգۣ̫ܰɣóһ֣˵ӻ

ĸһԺʹ˵÷治˼ʵʵ˵˵ӲǻԼСҲˣȥܱ˼ҵǷծҲǷһƨծҪһŮӣ֧иˣ÷϶ͻһɨˡ
Ӳ

÷͵һĸһСʵûӵĻô󷿵ˣ᲻ǽǮ
½ﲻµˣҲˣ˼δѵһʣҪѰһ
ȻˣҲɴæ֧е裬ҲԼҪƾʲôǰ꣬ΪǹӣⲻǼǮС£ʮķּӣⲻһʱûˣǵȥ˵ôûõı

֮ܶǵȥ˵ԣִ˸
עˣ½֪ɩڵʲô
ԣ÷ĿһᣬгྵĻ淿϶Ӯ

½˼һ£Żᣬ˳ˮ۵ؽȻɴҲСӺСһѧðײáԺıīֽǵûӣΪ˲Ǯ˿϶޻˵ġټǣ壬ֻһ޵׶ȥӿ϶ò⻹绨Լĺϣ˵ǰɣңСʶϼ֣ĳ·ҲأŪҲһ

÷һỨӾ۵ˣһλɲû֪֮ˣöӶϰ֣ͺȥˮƯûʲôͬ
ͬǴˮƯڱ˵ϣͻԼ˵ϣȫһĸо

˵ȷʵǲðײã÷Ϊѡ
ԥΣҧУҲСȥѧ顣
¿϶ûϾǰͷֻһֱ÷š

÷ӵ̫ѿӿɰСģ˵Ƿ̫󡣸һƳۣӾۣȻƲ϶ãڸʲô
Ӱѽյѧһ飬ţ֪һ껰ͼ϶ϱĳ鶼򻵼֡

ĸıһƾͲ̫Ų˻£ſǰ½˵ɩ˵ҲҪСȥѧ飬Ҹղ塣
ûĴɵı飬˼ڶȥڡ
½аɣҲɡ

ѣ½ֻøһʾ÷һ󷿶֣̻ػصҪСȥѧģķȥ飬һӡ治öĻô
ȥˣ֪⻰Ǻһ죺ֲļҵģܿ䊅һ壬û뵽濪һأ

ĸѵһ䣬ͷҲѵóһ䣬¹⻰ǲģ⻰ȷʵö
÷һ׵εˣݷŵۣ־ǣȻǰӵģöӳϢ£һܹͳ
÷ʼһͨԿҲӷܹһһã˼ֻи˵ķݡ

½ǳ˳ǣһͨԴ޵ĻԼ»һ⣺ǰ˵԰æһ𣿵ҵ˵ûҲûϵȥĴһҲеġ
ӵעȻƿһ۵ʲôʣҰ»ܷҪֻС͵ˣⲻûûأ˵һӣٽ𣿲ӣȻаɣһȥöװߡ

ᵽ̵Ļ⣬÷ҲȤģҲûбжϻĲģ˵⼸ֻͦоģһƾ֪ǽģɲȷҪһֻ
÷öԷ϶ǲ֪࣬ŻһҪֻֻζܳԣιرطѾ˵˲ĻһĹžûˡ
ȻǳɹĻҲкôһʽ

Լ÷ֻǶˣ沲ǽϹŮһ֪֪˼伲ࡣ
ϵٴߣ÷صſ˽п졣

½᲻п컹֪϶ӵԴŪͷ۵Ҫпˡ

Եر˸ѼϼܣŸ߽ͷݷ֪ˣֻλɫ൱ƽκξ֮ɫ
ĸ磬ǵˣ




48.     ĸ磬лл㡣

ѵŨüһ, ΪУòͷغܺ, ɱ֮
λܳɳˡ
, 񶮵òҲһ͸ס

ĺ˸˼£鲻¶ɫ棬˿¶Ѱǰĳγ˹, ̬, ǺϾʵ˵μӼºĿƾ٣Ӧ֪ҪΪ, Ҫû, ȴҪݷֺϵûõĻ, Ӧ֪ġ㵱治ӳپ

ûŸ, ҡҡͷӰӴ͸, ڵ٣յǸؿ˫ǶͬĨҹ͵ؼǳЦݣһŮʲô¡

ϵǳЦɲ䣬˵ĸоˡ
ͬЦݻȣȴ˴δй׽
Ȼ˼ĸӣѲ, ü۲̬ݣһԷ𰸵ģ

ãʧЦһվȷػصĸ磬иоģҩȷʵǼãԼ״˭ܹҸ
˵һ䣬׶һ¶ȡ

ɵķˣڶɢһֲ¶޷סһݵôһũӵܡ

ҸҩӣЧƲ̸ѵ̬ΪȻ֣̽ؿصֱ룺һΪǱһ¸ţԲŴһأǵɶôġ
ңصײתƷǷͲһĨԵؾ˭ȷʵǽ̻Һܶ飬ɷϣҵľһǱǸӰģ˵ȴҲ̫ڣƾٿԱһֱŬξľ˼ǡ

Ʋ̸ҵݹϵİæ١һӣйһͲⲽƣĸߵŭݷš

ṵ֮̀١
صĵӿϵ񼸺˶ˡ

һͨ͸һ˵ôߣλѪĳ֣Ѳ˸ϵûĸغȻѣǲϵ⣬ʹ׸
˭ţ
ɷŭ񶼻δȥΨпƾһ;ӵʹ˼ɵĵλ

仯ֱֻ֪ĵ˵ǣ˼ǣǵǺ̫󡣡
ûзϣ֪ǹңҲǺԼδǼаաĸ硭㵱治֪ҩӣкã

Сʱṵ̂ڶǰҲˮصһΣСĹ۹Ȼֻ΢ģͬǰҩоЧȴȫȻͬ
СϻۣʱļȻ£ߵĲܹȽϡ

üĴ΢΢һͬûзϣ֪ҩӵЧȷʵǷǱѰҴδ͸¶һֱε˴鹡
ǰɲǵ˴鹡Цظͣһ룬һ˫Ŀֱֱرѣĸ磬֪ı£ʵѧ˰ɣ
ѼùŪ飬һ£ģɵطʣô뷨

ʱټˣı̫࣬Ҵŵģʱӷŵģڶˣʱһѣ˶

ѿ֪ͷء
һݣ涼ԼͬͶ»ɡ

䣬϶̾һĸƾĴǣӦü¶ǣʶ֮վǲ㡣
һûаĵɱˣҿûΪţĴ㡣


ȴΪȻһЦȷΪţֵõġ٣˵Соһ顪һζƲܵõõĽңֵݣҲʲô˶ֵõġ

Ƿ⸴ӣСվϴģʹֱ⣬ϴܵġ岻ּңٴһ˽ģĸҪÿӶܱһѡٴλԼ϶ӵƣ˳⸱ԡ
ת䣬ӵˣô

ı仯Ǹеʹģȴ֮෴
ǼΪ˵ܵܵĳɳ鹣ܳһƬ
Ҫһ˵Ĵڡ

ѾͶұһ·ߣǶò۾ضͷΣһϯĲ޵ķʸĵҲпԭһȥĲܴ˾˼ִģҪμӿƾٵĻΪõﰲģҲðһ٣õλϴıֻ֤ǵܰģԼк֮ǡ

һҽϴԳڵر֤ϵĸµ¶ܰˡ
ڣûõĺ
붼룬ָٶȷʵԿһЩ½ҩӵȷޱȣõɡڣҩӿܻ¶Ҳصģ˭˷Ķ󶼵ôĵط˻

ѵһȻҪµͷҲãȻҾԼָĺܺãôԸţһȷʵٺò
һ϶֮ܶڡ

ĸʱ˫֣Ȼʲô˶ֵֵݣҲһ£һֳֵΡ
߳ſ֮ʣѵóԵؽסˣ˵ĸ磬лл㡣

ͣס˽Ųȴûлͷֻǰ˰֣һ˫ص˵лл̫ˣ㻹ȹ˺ԼҪġ
ϣͽһӰˡ

ϲ




49.  ˣ   

һ»Ĺ, ΪԷֻһƽᣬۼʶһֲ½ˣӵݺ, Ӿķڷ
бµ, ﶼֵ˾壬ĳشҾл·ϵسľ֮ԪΪ

ѲԸŴ˽, ԪھֵĿ, ýھֵ˳⣬ɲԸһԶ׼鷳
ʵ, ѵĻﻰⶼ, żΪԶ̬Ȼص⻰ǹǫˣԹʵѾ, ֮, ֮ǲҪᡣ

Ǯ˳־Ǵ󷽡
λԪҲʲôıݣһ־ɢ˼Ӹھ֣ѱɥѵھ, ˲˲ٻ
ľˣλҹӸĳָǺС

Ԫ俵Ϊ˴£һܼýҲͣѵıúľܺװţֱӾ͸˵ؿӡ
ھͷвѾ£һ֮ǰͷû˸ϻǰۻ, ھֻĽûмʡ

һɵģһ̰Ƶı֣Ԫ俸̾һϧĺﲻԸԪȴôҲ벻ӵ˲䣬Ѿ֪ͷװŵʮöĴԪ
֮ǲ

ڴʶȤķϣԸѵԹߵһѵͣƴһѪⲻˣҲҪˣλ˵¹ӣȴǹ⵷˺üΣͲ֪ԹӵĹϵΪΣ
Ԫ俵㵣ΪɵˣԷɫһλҵܣ˵ĸĸ׵ѾߣֵĲյı֣Ҳ黭գû뵽λܾȻġ

ģ촽һĵĻǰɲôʿгѱй¶
Ԫٴ𾪣ʿ˵һЩ˲ܣ
Ѳʣ˺õ𣿸˵һЩ˵һͲƽŪģ˵벻ǣ

ԪĬ˼д𰸣඼ǰͷǻҪˣǾԼ޴
ԪΪӵСܼƲ¡
Ԫ´Ҿϵֻһ֪࣬û֮Ԫ治֪˾ȻӬӪ֮ˡ

ʵϲ˵ıƣС˵ĲһٳɿգλĶӵģͬйһˮ
ϣ˵һһȻлҲòܵɱΡԹܣһ£Ҳô˸ԡӼȻ֪ģҲ֮ԣӵһֱãȴüʹǷߥޣ

ߥǲܵġ
Ԫ俵׿ǰؾ⣬֪밵Ķߺ޷ֱ𣬿¶ǽȻֻʱһһһ
Ԫһ£ѱܹԹۣȻԵ̫û۾˻ü۸ߵ͵⣬ײ˱ɱ񣬻ﻰ⻹Ѽھֵˣȫ͹һ顣¹ܴǲϷɷͷһģλɲǴ򲻻ֵˡ

Ԫ俴СҲģЩһ֣ܵĸֻѾߣ׵ĳ谮ɱȲЩǴӺζ
ôһ룬֪Ļˮûô򵥡
Ԫǵù˼ʧǾֹ̫ܲÿеüس嶯

ӳ׾御Ѿ˽ӽٶཨҲʺϼ˵¶ۼ˵˹ˣٶĻǲҪٶ˵ЩʲôԹѾеס
Ԫ˲һݣͬͷԼ֪ˣҶġ

˶л⣬ֱԪ俵ǰؾûл
Ԫ俵ܣӾ
ǰ˲ѣѾĻȻ֣ᷢλӾܹҡֱϣɴϵĺĹˡ

ӾɫΪѿֻΪѹʹÿ±˵ĵȴӲתƵӾϣѾ˴ȫ˺ѵʹȴһʱҲòˡ
һѴˣӾǻֻ֣ϧԪ俰϶ľˣһֳص֣ȻҲٶԵֵľʾ⡣

ӾɫһЦ磬ʲôʱ̣
Ԫһۣа̾Ϸı£治ȸϷӲ١
ֵĲһۣӾйˣһ̽һʣ磬Ϊʲô˵һֱƣ

Ԫ֪ˣɬһЦǲĿ֣֮ǺһˣƫƫȴһأһȥҲ¶ᡣ
Ԫ俵ѧϰٶȵ治ϵ˿¶Ӿһɣο˵˭Ǭ£ҽܳûε⣬ôֲõͷϡ
֮һһίߵӦԷֱǿһѴϷ

ĸζһ檣µĺΪԴΪ棬ûвͬҲٸģǹŴĻ
Լһĺˣһ뵽һЩΣеҪؼңҲ֪ԼôãϱҲû뵽

˵ŵ½λԼˣ䡭

½һλãɽϵӣ۽ֿҪöȥլһͺˣ
ףûǴĻɲʱ䣬ֵôˣ½̧ͷʵֵֻܣһֶҲںͷϰũҵΪѧŴһͦشкŷᣬҲˣ

ŷСӣϤɼСʱģǺһ㣬Ը񵹻һֱˬ⡣
ŷ᲻˼ץץͷӦûдŊɣ
½ֵʲôҿųģҼҲ˶٣Ҹ˶ʲô򲻴ţ´˵ֻС㿴
ŷٺٵЦ֪ȷʵ

ҵСܲͷԴʽѧ󣬾Сȡ˴һ֧ͲˣмСѼǴ֡СڽСʯǽ⣬СҲкֽ䭡
СӺ϶һѧɣѾ꣬ǰͷֳΪ䭶Ҳģġ

˵ǳΪĸȻﵱǼΪϸ񣬼Ӷ䣬ѾʮĴӣÿһ׶θòҩ˺ĥʱͦؿģ˭ܲ޺һɣ

ŷȻֶֻӣ⺢ӴСͰڴӵĺͷƷԸҲϲҲʱƱ˶ɩǲôõĺɳϾʱ÷ͦŵġ

ʱʱعһֶӵǣҲ˴Ӷ٣һĺꡣ




50.     ڣӵȻ̫

ָص, ݷڿһĺӣСɽ˵ͷµҪСĽһ㣬ôһ㶼ϣ
½

СɽĿǰʯѧҽ, ǹ, ½Ѿȷ˻УСɽһСɽΨһеͬѣֵֻܣھӶ, ܹѰ̰, СɽҲݷѧҽϣҽ, ѧģ, ֮죬ʯ򶼴Ϊ̾, ¸ǿһͽܡ

СɽȻûгʦ, ҵ˶ѳ࣬ɡ
Сɽ˵ǧ, ǱĻҪ£ûôܹӡ

½ûǼ̫С֣ҶӣֲûеĴµĽɣҲ÷ȻһŷᣬǰܵʱС𣿡

Ŵûб, ͨ˾
ҲãǲǴڹŵƤӵѹ̫󣬷լԺ󣬶ɩֻУֱһһŮ
ö˻ˡ
Ůһʹ˶Ů޳ȥҲܹһ׼ҿ߶
ȻǰǣѪȵ׼ҡ

ദ½ΪˣӡǲضӣҪΪôУǹŴ޿ɱڸȻûŮһԶţĹŮûúùӣλɩɶ¶Ӹ

Ѫȵ׼ңͲòһ´󷿡
һȷʵԸԳһӣֻϧӵӹǲãҵƲܣȻͳµĿꡣ
䣬ͷ󷿰լ˼ŷƵģⲻµĶ

ʵһֱιǣڵˣͷֶһѡһֱסլǾƸоҵ̰ĸΪϲˣΪóӲʩֶΡȻʵ˶зһ죬˵󲮸磬Ƕ治ʲôʵˣʵ˿ɲԼҵֵͬܡ

λǼõôˡ
½룬󲮸Ҳ벻Լзһ졣

󷿵ĶӣҲʱµġŷ߻˲ƫƫڰ˸¾ͳ⼸üΪСġû취˭һ£ֻͷҲ˺ӡ
󷿼£治ܱȵģ䡭

½̾һջ˼µȴֶӵĻشϣܹԴӵĴС֡

Ȼŷͬʱһֱ÷ĺ̨ûڹǣﻳҵʱȷرСġҵǺ˵ˣҽڲ£װġ⣬һĲ֪ôش𣬊ҪҪһˣ
½

һƿԣر𣿶¹ǲװģ˼һ֪Ҫú̥ɱһأ
½һۣʲô䣬⻹ܱȽϵ𣿵ģԼӹǣԼţǾͱ£

һﲻ㣬üͷĻȵʱһҪ״
½Ѿʮˣʲôģѧ

ǰĴӣ۶ôҲɲûûƤӡѵҲʲôʱݷѧǰðѶӽ̵ͦã½˿̶һЩΣôһĸо

䣬ӻ涮
һѣ½ﻹͦ飬Լ֪У϶ǲһ˵Զš
½ͷʹҲǻңʮһ뵽ʲôʵòûǵĻѾѺԺһЩι˰ɣ



ѷһּңȴô˴ΪĹۣмӿעȴû뵽˼ҵһһ껹Ҫá
ֻʮֻѼʮֶֻԼʮֻļѼ죬޵ڷһһָ˿

Ѻ½ͳɹطתЩģһּܹ˱ڿ죬䣬Ƕ˲ˣԸŻּҡ⻹˵вϴĸ棬Ҳĥ󹤡

ڿ죬ѵĽ󣬸˴еˡ
ֻԣ¥⣬ղǵھǣ
Ȼв룬մܵĹ⣬룬ֵܱϾͷּңҶϺһ壬߶˴õô
ֵͦģϾ˼ҶŻӵ˶֪

ȻҲʲô˶ܰؼ
Ĵӣƺһͷ񣬲ڱųһʣݷҲû˸¹ٶ

ȥϼԣ¥ҽ̸ģΪĶдµˡ
ԣ¥Ķң˵Ҳеٵڱţ˱˵ܹҲȥԣ¥϶¶ôһʺš

ҲΪʱʱһڻм°ӷ£û˻ỳɡ
˿̣½뼸סӣǴһġոµש߷ذҲǰƽʯשľϵذ衣ͷΧһǽ¼ӹ̲٣ҲһΪؼ̵ġ
ˣȤһҵСүء

ԼãӶۼ֤ģľܺòƵġ䣬׵ĥӺȲۣһµءԼżιһιɽԲҲûˮǼһˮˮǼΪ㡣

Ҳ
ֻʳϣҲʱʱؾһΡ˵Ժ໨ݣζݷ𶼱١
Ժζʵһֱеô

ŬǹӣӣҲиѧͽֵܣСһתϵԺȥ顣

½ƲϽس⣺ȱ˵£أǼôͻˣ
С;Ե̣ܿ
иȻĲ⻹ǴٹվǶˣԺǶԻؼҰæ
½һ£һ»ǵõġ
Ӹ˲ǰοذοû£Сɽ˵иԴ顣
½

Ǵϻ۵ģһɫ̫Ծһ˻ӼȻҪ̵ģھȰùȥ
֪ĪĸӲǰģ½һۣҶûװϣʲôãҰװãȥү̺ȣǵñûûصġ
⾪ȵô񳣰ү̺ȣ

½ȥиӵͣľʢŪһУƵû취С󣬲ǲ̫ģү̵ľƺ½١Ҳ̶֪ڼˣⲻǿԼԲŰһЩǲһϾү̴ǼɲҲúúТ˳С

ǲصҿһֱТ˳ү̵ģ
½ﷴֵǣȷһֱТ˳ġȻ㲻ȥɵðһ̣ҪҪһӣ
һ仰ʵͻġ

ڣӵȻ̫Ը⡣
Ȼ˭ӣң̽ĻһܹජŲ
ôһãȻҰһʡ

½ûص˵ͷϽȥɣһġУҲɿţһĸͷҿǷ˲ɽء
⻹ƨŷϲյˣѾڿһֱܺãȻûһڣҲܹ֪ζ϶ܺã
ɵöһ㡣
½üһ䣬ϽرֶӣһʼӶ䵽ͷȡ
⣺




51.     ½ﲻõǣѾĸ

һֱǴ졣
ӵҶ, ȥֱժġ
ӵĳҶӣһժؼֵܵͦԾȥˮԱ, ֱӾˮϴɾ
һ㶼Ҫ֡

Ҳżˡ
ö˼Ҷʼæ, ѧĺӣ˭ϲ죿
һƨɳƵģһΣҲɴͰѼٸ, һȺСҲȥ, Ǿͱ˷ʱ䡣

Сϲڵԭʵ⣬Ϊ, ƽʱٿವ˼, óϼӡС֮, ֵ, ޷ܳƽճԲĺöӵӣһҲôһ, ˵Сˣʱ򣬲Ҳصӣ

мĻʳͲ
Сӣɱͷ绹Ҹһ㶼ûгԿʲ˵ļ䡣
סլʱ򣬿ɲ춼ˮܳԵģҲǸܳԵġ

ŴǺģٶ˵һʵڻ, Ǿκεĸʶĸʸߡ½ﲻ⣬ȻеͬʱҲԼԭΪΣŴ˼ңһЩûһõĸ

ö˼ݵĻǲŰס˶һЩ⣿ţ򣬾͸ˣԶζǲͣٶֻ첻䣬һȥֲһ¾ܳɱҵҵһ꣬һѪȱᣬ̵ӣ˴ض㡣

治ʲô˶С
һǽΧţֻ֪һ˲ټݣĿȴ֪ʱûֱһͲ̫˵̰

䭴СͲȱ⵰һֵĺóգСӵӤǼΪԵģཱུģ½ʱһѡ
⺢Ҳ׸ǵУϵֻ಻١
СӵԸ񣬲Ҳм⹫һߵӰӣһرֱĺӡûΪ˴¿ɲһһ۵ġСһ˵һж˵ƫƫ˼ӿɲǺһĹ

ʱ䭾ͶӤʵһѵҼǵÊ˵ֻԼ²Ҫң˵Ҫıģڻ˺ӣܵöڶͷ㻹ǲǣǵ顭

С룬ɫ߶Ҫˡ
½Сӵô̳⸱Եģ
СӲ̫˵ƴ뷽跨࿪ڣõôһ졣
ѲɣνＫط

½۽⣬ɼ͵Цӣﰵһʡ
ӺģȻҿ
Сӿ϶ǱͷŪġ

Сӿɲ˵졣
½۵һһģͬ黹ӰӵСϱ
ΨһͷߵħԸֹͣСѾŵŵŵȥţͷرԶԷ

Ʋȱ㣬СʵǼ䶮¡
½һǰδеӭˣҿɵȊͶɩþãǿˣ

ϱĶӣһҲţŶĹеĶϱУ̫̫ľϱֻТ˳иСϱʵҲ̫Ǻ񱻽ɵˣ߯࣬ŴŶĵرŤ

϶ϾӼǵûͬʱҲĵһ
һƳ½Ķӣӵǳһ룬óģĶӿвģ
½͵͵˴һۣЦŻصǰͷôĺӣֲǲ֪ҵã¶Ǽ٣ζڸǺõĺܡ

ԣֻ̫̫ˣµشȤ⵹ǣǰûװϧܱҵĻ۽𾦸ơ
½Ҳм䣬ǹ̫̫飬Ҳҳɲǣʱһһ˼ƵװףһЩƤΪ벻֪ûһˣӵù˼ҵС
ϱҲϱ˵Ȥ̫̫ûû鶼òѡ

Ҳ£رŵȻУ黹ǱУ˵ʯҲˣɲ˵̫ãˣڻϵ׳һӵС£ɡȥʯһӣ
һԸհ죬˿ˮģӼûۣһֺǵ߽һͷ



ĸѾȥˣ½ֻ÷ŷᣬĿȻҲ̫ˣ˵Զ𣿡

û½ģɩ÷һˡʱ÷кôģǾǲ̽ϢܹõĴԡµӾˣ½ԭȵûȤȤζ

ԴլǱ˴Снķĸ鷴Ǳáڣ½һ߶˼ûУԷȻҲˡ
˫˵Ĵָ

ĹϵͬҲƲжá
һ÷±Ӳĸϣ󷿶ﻹϸ鷳˭Ʋϣûɶôã÷ҲͲϲġ

꣬âĽϾ̬˫סһ÷ǽûˡ䣬½￴һ𳤴ŷϣżһЩóԵĻؼҡνֶ̳÷ټ½沣඼ǶЦӶ࣬ҲӲǱӣ۾۾

ӣ˵÷Դ½̬ȣҲûΪѹ㣬ķϢģӵеأֻġ⼸ҲͶϲĶĵأȻǺʹְܼӱȽϣ÷ͦԺġ

ֻǣԺÿķӣ÷ͱʣ¶١
ɩ۶Ľ֮顣
½̬ȣֻ˵дţһӾضɩӵĲţֱͦ˲١
Ѿ಻С˼ǻ
÷½˳ۣǰզûԭǽڲƷôõˣ

÷ͬ飬Ҳ׵治ǿǺӻСŮպһ˹һʡó˵ƽŷ⺢˵ģ˵һӣǺӲĊУȲһҪ࣬ұǺӷģⲻð£Ͻ㊅һ𣡡

ŷᱻ˵ģһǳӿӵģ÷Ҳһ
˵լʱ÷춼ķܣȴɵɵķڶгϢ˶ǰͽ᲻
СҲǳϢģԶֶýһЩٴĺôմϣⲻǰ״

䣬沵ǴȵģÿĲϲ˵żΪӣģһȱӵĳԴֽīÿ궼Թڵϲ١ڵֽСҪ飬ǲġ

÷ȱۣǿףķһӣӵԼˡ
⵱ģһôԼҶӣҪˡ
÷ֲǴģ¶Լ˸һܣֲó

ᵽ淣÷ӱﲻסĻɽĸҲǰҲͲù˵Ů˵ôģҹŮҪѾһТ˳£ҾζЦġТ˳ĹŮŮ˵۾ôģΣȫͷɣΪ˵õһӣȻôذѴŮ޸һӣңһߵˣ⵽Ǽ޹ŮŮ

ǵС廹ǾˣϾϿһĻ˵ҡһ䣬˵ٵһظɳ飬̭˭ҪּҵģڳˣһմϹ⣬ԷعˣҾ̰СˣҲô޳ܣҵҵȣǿɶû

淰ѴŮʮ꣬Ϊ᲻ˣϾӼǹ½½вٵýţ֪˼Ǵ۶һǮõģȻ᲻ðѹŮˡ

÷ԼҵĴŮ̫ޣȻͰ˸ͳȥ
ǰܺź޼ޣû뵽ýһţģ͵ҵƤӶе

÷ҲŮŮ£ûãױû̫࣬ƸȴǴùŮȫߡ
淵Ϊˣ÷ʵ֪һȴû뵽Ů˵ģʵеظݡ

ѾΪŮжϵػţǲôġ
СТ˳
ͣ࣬ǰ˺˲¡Ժ󣬴󷿵ĴƣҲڿĴһְ졣
÷ȻֻỤԼŮѾТ˳ɲûа㶯ݡ

½΢΢һ̾ɲǣǰҺ͵ҵģϴѾ޵ǻ˼ң⺢ȴֻ˵ˣǸûġһ丸ĸĻû˵ڣǰ±ܡ⺢ĺùΪ󷿵ĸѲɾû˿𣿡
Ȼ½ﲻõǣѾĸû˿ֻΨһˣ΢ᡣ



Ѿɫضų˯еѾ˫ŶԷĲǰȥֱȻڿʲô
˫ּʱһؿ޺ó˯еѹѾһۣ;ףԼߺ޵Ŀ⣬ǲɿƵʧеҪʲô




52.     ÷Ǻ޲ðѾһ¡

ѾȥеĲ, ͲյĽ飬۵ĹһõȫǸĸĲϲ

СŮ, ӵˣ׵, Ҳһ̥ܹһٶҳλá䣬Ϊһӣõүӵƽʱһɰͻ, вСĥš

ֻϧ, 󷿺Ͷô꣬ȴúͷķϡ

ҲΪˣ󷿷һͬضѾŮ, ˿ϲ֮顣, լʱ˼Ҷ, 󷿷ֵõ˺ͷ
, ιỤ̊˷ľѪ
λ, ǰͲŮˡ
󷿵ĹŮĿĪѾ

Сʱ淵ûôõʱѾܱʱʱŤϵ⣬û֪󷿵Ů鲼µ࣬Ǻһֶһ
ΪǺѾԸǳ, ֱһС͸ȻЧݷŮҲʱһʱʱؾͰץ
Ѿٰݵĳ̶ȣլĳûжӡ

ѾûǰĴڸУѾҪǿһֹûгϢãԺѾû̫Ĺע
󷿷޵ԣ޷ѾĪɡ

ѾСôûзϣȴû뵽޺СãȻҪԼð亹˲ӵĲλǳԼѵع졣ôһ󣬶ԶڿֵСܣǼزٵؿء
ԭСܻĸǣ

ȻѾĿ⣬תҲתؾסţѾ汻ͷƤ飬սȭͷģ򶨵Ѿ˲ɣҿǊ㣡
ǡ㣿ѾݷûЦЦݼαӲԲ壬ߥѴ߼кҪ֮͊飿

ѾһƵ飺˵ʲô
ѾһֱѾ亹ֱðӻȻط

Σƹĳ̬Ѿƽ¶Ϊ̵ȻɫԭĵˣҲǻе°ֻҪ鲻Լͷϣڊȫ޹ؽҪİɣȻˣһֱˣ늅˵áһǲм

Ѿϳֳ߷߽ӵջһĨѿЦݣӲǱ粵ʵѾǲǶʲô᣿ǣ˳˵л
᣿ѾĸеΪЦĨЦҪǶԼһʱسɣͺ˴һӡ

ĿΣѾɫתΪһƬڣسѾαףƶԷһֱ˼ƣ޸ҵıɣȰѴңΪǿİɣϾҵı磬üζҪȢΪޣǊΪҵˣͰѴԊʮչȫԺ󣬊⻹𣿡

ѾͫȻſڴ㵣
ѾɭɭôҴ˼ô𣿡

ͷβѾΪŭģѾ޸磬ȴֱһȦӣݺѾ޸һڴϵĲӣ㻹ôᣬ͵ϻѣѾ޲ðǿѾĸΣúõһͷǺɫ

ֲұ磬ûгͻ飬ѾȴɳĹε飬ϽãѾǴĵ׵ط
һֱΪǲֱ˴˵ġ

ÿ˼ѾײһЩңóҽҵ£ֻһŶѡ
ļ֮£ѾѿڶҲΪãǲģ޸һӣû˻ỳ࣡û

ϱӣѾ븻ţȴƫƫûһΪĹϵ¿û˰Ѵ
ѾΪԼƺôĺô˵ûйضգ

Ѿ㱬ĴףըͷĿѣƭƭˡԣƭˣѣ

ѾԾеʮػָ򶨣ҲǸոµˣӦ֪ɣÿһʱ㶼۵²˴ûһġȻżҲ᲻ûأ֪ʲôţǵĴ㣬һкӵŮˣ

ѾٿȻһʹԺ֮У˸ѾݣÿѲޱŵϵľ
Ѿ޺޵صѾһۣһĵ뿪󷿡



㣬ôһСһ°ɣⶼ޳ˣǊ˵ҪСܣҸСõ𣿊ɱָҰˡѾûɶĵض׽Ʋϵ

һĽãûнûֵظ˾ѾңСܲҪġ˵Ѿرԣ׽Ѿ˿ĵҪһٵУӣѾȰСܸҪߣմϲ߯޲ۿ£ôȰԼ˰ɣ

Со٣׽Ѿ˾Ʈˣز˵ܰץѯŪӶǱ֮Ψֲ
⵽Ǻ޼ޣǲ޼ޣ

ڸԼѾͬغ޵ŷۣر޹Һ˰СӲʡǰûʲôоҺȻãǼҵĴʵ̫ɰˣޣ˵Сôôޣ
Ѿö˻ޣһ׽㲻ֻûôԱȣСҲĵģɤʮ㡣

ѾۣǰܶķһģСÿģﻹ޸ͣ
Ѿô϶Ǻϸ

ͬ÷ķӦѾҲ۵ǼңǴܵãպþͺķĺͬ䣬ķһͷĺöϲٹϧҳʱû޽ķĺ飬Ҽ˵ʱһױ

ȷܴ󷽣ϧûдܵĺѾΪȻصͷһСֹסغޣݷҲҪСøŪޣŵþ׽Զһ㣬һ㶼ûͬģ㣬ȴСȥһ£ԼһذСܺãҾͲˡ

ѾŵĨ̫죬ѾסˣֻܲĿţԶӡ
Ѿһòһ飬ǼֺһЦ˵ҵСڣ˹ҡ

ѾûɶʹԶ׽㣬ɴѾүү̵ģĥ˵ܺӡ
Ѿǽѵ´ѡҲѡչСܣ
бȽϲ˺ѾģУѾȫõرСãȻƵСӱΧ

Ȼ𲻾õĺ飬һҪӵĹѾŵôУһȣҪҲõˊ
ѾԼ֣֮ɲ뱻ˮģ

ֹӱ߹Ķһͣ

ȵ벻ĹתӹѾĿһɣƵôǊѾòɰɣ
Ѿûɡ

ˣѾע⵽õۿ죬뵽ڼҵáԼ׽ķӦȻĵ˵ΪѾģҽڼҲǿ޵һѱһģ˵ûʹѾ˭޵ĺãѾ͡

ѾԼò˵˻ϽѸٵرͣͰѴ¸ô֪Ļ⻹˺ˣ 
Ѿȴ˽ȥʵѾҲˣ
ѾһΣ£֪ˣǧ˵ȥ
Ѿȴɫһ˶֪Ҵ㣬ȴ

ѾΪԹ󲮺ʹΪ£ѾԹϲ٣ȻǲŮһ£淵ĶȽϣѾʮԼڶ
ôǵ׵󣬻۹Ůġ
ѾҪʲôˣɶԼȥѡ
󷿵ĹŮﲻ۾ˣȻùŮ̸ۣѾ

סլʱѾԴ󲮺ʹӡ󣬼˵õġֱ˼ңѾ֪öӡ󣬶ԭŲСĲࡣʵϣĺһֱΪϺˣȴǻŮٵHˡ

Ѿ̲סĿ¶ͬҲֲ̫࣬ѡЩֲǊɵġѾ£Ȼѳɶ֣ҲûáĵĵĻȊԺȥҲ١
֮ԣȵ˲ȥģûǰɶǴ󲮺ʹڰѳţͷϵĹģɲʵںôҪ

Ѿڸ˽飬Ѿǲһ
벻֪⽨汻˸εؼͷ
Ѿһƺ«ԸѾ˼䣬ԼĲѾ£ôĶǴġ

ѾеʱһϤѾѾȻ˶ˣ͹ӰɣģӰԺ󣬿϶ǴȥԣԲÊǰæ

һýԭڲ֪УȻߵķſڣ½Ķֲⲻͳץ˽֡
ѾβԼĽţĿԾ˹

ȻһǽЊڼҿӵ𣿡
ѾǣһҵҲ밡˭дъ϶ӸŪˣֲǲ֪϶ӵɤжôֲ⻹ܹ𣿡

˻һ÷ˣɲܲ϶ӵĿ޺
÷ЦаɡаɣɶҪӾһɡ

治Ǳϲٵĺϣ̵Ķ׼࣬Щȫ꣬÷Լö֣Щӿ϶깤
ղţһζ÷죬һ뵽һЩõӣܹϲٻؼң÷͸



ķس־Ѿһ½￴һҲһ޴ģ͸ɴذ˹ʵ𣿡
Ѿ㶵ص˵ͷ
½Լֶ֪ŮϲģҲûд㳯ʶֻһҶʣô԰ҰһЩ𣿡
Ѿһ£ֵ˵ͷ
½¶֮ɫҲͲٶעˣʡ˸ڡ

ѾȷǸڡ
ԭֱļ򣬶ûٱֻǰŰţѾʮİȴڲ֪У̲סصεᡣ

Ҫǰȫ½ֹ̧
ϾʱǰΡ

ȵԼƻһӵĺգѾݷǺµضһ
ֶŮ½оˣüһ
ȻǲʺǰһðʾѾϵù˭ġ

ѾˮߵѾţȺȿˮɣô࣬һʡСܿǲ˵ģأⶼûɶ»ᰤ
Ѿһ򲻺ֵģѾȴüΪģˮԺƽ

ý㲻ޣҲǰѾ㣬ȳհɣ˵Ĺܳһģ϶һ
⻰е
÷̲ס︹̵ⲻǷϻǶྫ󰡣˭һڣܲõģ

Ѿֻ̣üعģҲǲã׹ѵ飬ݷʲôĻ

Ѿزվֻ΢һ
ӵĹ̻ǼΪȤġ
䣬еӶãﶼչؼʱö˶̫ǵѾһ¡

÷Цúϲ£죬沾ǻ˰ŮͶӵϣսϹŮֱ߱ţɲ
ֻϧɩһĺ飬ֹֻڻؼǰ

϶һӿ޺÷Ǻ޲ðѾһ£϶ѧһѧýģ˼ҿ޵öలҪ




53.     ⿿ֵܣȷ翿ӣ

ظ·, ͬеھǻصϡ
ѹһسϡزΡԼӻȫ˽ȥ

һϼ鲼, ͷ
һСһľ, ȵظڵ£˭ҪͷĶ鲼
һڵʵʵ󣬼ǰӹ̶
ش·, ɲٵƽ, ɽ·ûסӣȫܴͷ

ǲ˽Ǳʹһͬе, ûĹǡ
ھִϹϵ, Ϊͬ˵ǣˡ

ڴҲС, һ׺, Ϊ˲һֱǰð뻵
, ϴͨСϰܹӦηܻһЩԡ

ҲǺ⡣
⣬ɫɫ˼ʶ٣˶ֻԼҵһĶֵأЩ˵뷨֪һ
мС¡

ھֵӪΪ˼ҼƣĻ, Ǯļ죬˶ɲײܣھֵܣһȫûȻȷʵŻ˶Ϊʱ˳·Ĺˣ˱õõӣÿһֶõʮӣǷһ

һ굽ͷ˼ңһ׬õӣʮ治١
һˣɶµʱ䡣

ھˣһ㣬ӹϲ߿ҲͲһˡ۽һ˽޵ЩʲôֱѣŻȻ
۽ղһˣ˵ˣܲܺúõ˵ϻƵѡ

ڵѪܻණò˵һˬˣʲô˵ʲôͷ˵лл֣ǰΪһϺȵģû뵽˸ˡȣû㾫׼سھֵܿɻӦöԷռȻζûȫȫβػ

ٵУͷ˵´㻹ͲӣϾһ·ڵİȫ˱ϣ˵ܵ˱˻ԡ˵ôõ֣ôһ㽲øôӡ

Ľ鲻Ҫףһۣ߻лǲҲӣ˼ҵҲ黹û˵ҵֺãðóˣͷӣ治ֱӰɨسţ

ͷӿɻء
ζЦһ⻰ǣˡ˵ǽӾģ治ǶһƾۻŴ˼ңԴöȻۣͷǲ١һ·ϣģΪֻǵ¾û뵽һģ׸Ļʹӣھкüֵܶˡ

ѵͷ˵еĻλˣǵһܡ
ܣɺҲ͹ֲˡ
ھֵˣ֪ݲײ㲻ͬһǲϸš
ʵӾ̬ˣҲͷһѪ⣬СҲˬ

Ǳ߱ģȻһε·Ͼ«ǺȤ
ˣҲߣһŴ󻧣лģ˵ϾˣǰоԺ󣬱ΪһϾμӿƾ٣ȴû뵽Ȣӡ
ѲʣҲһСѾǰְŹһأȻʱ¿ƾ٣ҲøϽȢ޽š㣬ﲻҲȢӣ

¹˼ңֻǸŴ󻧣ôп϶λ

ΪȻٵܻиģⶼȢ֪صĹ̫үȻѾȥĵطΣ˼ұϾٵģ˵ﻹһϵôһܹǰͷΣܹۼҫһ£϶Ҳ̫ǿϧֵѷּңȢӵģĺôҲմõġ

ѲΪȻôմãǴϵʯĪĺôһε֪أ¹ܻǲǺõģǴӾһҲˣ𣿡

㵹־ģĿ壺ͣҲѹ㼫˵⻰˵ܣҲǻģһ㶼ûбȽϲ

̾һٵҶӴԺԺ󣬿һֱҶԿֿ䡣Ժ˵ʹȥμͯԣҪ̫С»ľ֣ҲһԱҵĴӣӶѧѧȴǲôʵϹƴƴΪ׬϶ӡ⿿ֵܣȷ翿ӣ

ĶҲ͵ȥѧģͬһԺѵֶǻύʵģСĽ˵㲻
ĶӣֵǴĵ׵Ƴ硣
ѧĹأǿף̫ҼҵСӡ

Ҳ˵ˣǺģǲΪ⣬ͷϴĴָ뵽ʲôٵ㻹עһ㣬ҵĺ£ɱˡ

֪˵£Ҳûдֹᣬɽˮ֮ݹϵȻҪܵͷ£ǰѵһӣȴû뵽Щ˾һ˰ۡܺô̫үŮ˱˴ϵ£ץȥͷӣ

һӣֻʮ˴壬سϣ˭֪ҵĴа̫үӦðһųȥȻϧôȫ֪ǽ˼ңҲвСĺô˭Ҳɵøóɹ

˵Щ飬һοɲ£õһƶɵġ
һƣܹѱƵ̼һڰŪڹ֮һñ£
ӡϡسǿûһ֪ȫһֱµزԼŮܵί̫ү

֮ԣܹͬߣͬܵģΪѵĽ飬ϣйԹġ

ϵĸףĸĽ㣬淵ıáϵĸ˵꼫ΪչĸãȻĸţֻлûк¡ĸһˣֻŪĸͲôܲҵˣƵĸӡ󼫺ãϷ޸ͬȻͬҵˡ

һӽͣѶҪò̾һ£Ȼܹ
ȻǱ˲٣ÿ
ѲҪ


Ȼδ꣬һֹı飬ѾͿҪңҲʵʲô

Ҳ֪ϱˣйҵϢǲŹġ˵Ҳ϶òմ˶ģӦ֪һӣܸɳ˳ϵ¡ⲻʵϱãմ˶񫣬Ұܵٶȣǻ˹ǽġ

İʾҲûзģҿ϶ʱעһӵģлġ
ʵϣ治ǵ⼸꼸һ鵽Ӱӣٶȣ̾Ϊֹ
ȻСС˵֮ǵҲһ˿ù˼ɵġ
ǡһӣδ϶ֿɿˣ
ͦûĵֻ

֪УλȻĵ˴ſڣ˫߶Ǽɫ塭Ӧǰг䣬˶ǼֱֿӾ͸Եļȥ

ͬһõİѴؼҵĶ治٣ȻװأһƥҲ˵ĲĿ
ȻٽĻƻ裬ѻؼҵ·ϣĴԹԵûκȤͶעһ

ϤļϿգƮɢ̣ǲǰ̵ѬȾѵĺǵһƬɫ
һ磬һˣ




54.     

ɵ
һ׻, ˿ֻóͺʹ㵣½Ҳֻмٵʱ򣬲ܼģ, ֱ嶯Ҳ, ӵûϲʱϢ

ǽ߳īߺڡ
½ﻵ۵һѵĿǳһѹȻࡣɻǵãһμʱ, ѵò, һʧǧźޡ
ļ䣬½㻹СɻǵʱӰ
Ů˿ǻǳġ

ӵоòС, в˼ն, ȻǵСȾܵ˵ǰ
ʱ, Ȼ, ǼΪڣ°΢, Ϊư̬˹ָͷ
ѴṴЦݣһ˲䣬ݷй֣ҽԶ
٣û

ʱ½Ҳ󣬾벻˶ӡ
СŮ˷ܵкǰһĻδ, ӵкѹӣǰȻһ˫а˫֣ǲӤʵֱӵһݺݵʹꡣ
ʱɵˣ
䣬Сۣ˳Ǻʱ޵ġ

һ½ѻϼ
ѵķӦٳٶۣԼôѹŤͻʹһЩȴ˿ŭֻεˣ

µļ䣬Ҳģӵ¼̫࣬Ӧǻģÿϱһ£ûǰ缦
½ǰӿɹġ

޷ϡ
ɴһ̯̬ȼΪãһ޷ξģ
½ﱨƵһѣ֪һˣ⸱ԣǹİɣ
ץ׼ʱ۾ٿȻһʣ˼ǣûеĻЩʲô
ϷʣЩ˼ƵĿ⣬ùûǿ½˲

Ӻͷ͵ЦϱջǰϽȦԼĻ°͵סͷݷ˲ĽӲȻḴĸͷʵˣ
ѳȥ̫ã½ԼҲ˵ģϤڶ߻죬Ҳ˫ֹסΧ
ҸУǣ쳣ůЦݣ¡

½ûƼͷѵĺǸӣȴκΪҲкӵġ
½ﲢ⣬Ϊʵĸı䣬ҲΪԼٴУȻͻȻȴҲǽܺܿ졣

޶˾ĥ̫࣬½ﲻʲôѾܹƽԶԣʵԼҲģϾѾӣʵͲôǿ󡣡
⻰ǲģտʼȷʵֻΪΣţһһεذСܲͷγɫģͶע࣬Ȼô⣿
˷ǲľ飿

ѳĬȻҲȷԼܳΪøס
ΣЦ½һ飺һӵ뷨
ѵһֲĺӡ

½﷭ۣ˴СͰѼӲûĻʱʱļӵ״Щʱ򣬴ĥӹǵҩĲɽͷҲţһԶšʱһﲻֻǵã컹ϲĶ

û飿
˵죬ƭ˵Ĺ

ѵΣͲһƫģ
½һУСȭͷƫģһ˵ġҡʲôˣһ𣿡

½ȻǰԼĺӣеĺӶġ½ѣǸĸԵˣ̫£νʩˡңõµڿǷһ
˲޳ܡ
ȱѷ޶˵Σ½ǴһͬʣԼĵߡ

ȴ̫ôţЩҾáҿ϶ǻƫĵġ
½﷭ۣаɣ㵽ʱƫĵĻҿ϶Ḻһ
һӣȻжŮ٣λߵͣ½ռһܹ



磬½￪ʼճһӣЩȻûеκλƣľҲǲòҲǼӵľӡ
沣ʱ½沴ҵӣһһ١
½Ǽʶ󷿺Ͷӣͷľ仹ǺϵģҲûм

Ϊ˰ѶװֻľӶѣɵҲм
ߣȻˣµķöϲ

Ӷôʱ䣬ֻũӵܣŵҲ᲻١֣ѾҶڻ滭½Ҳִڹ֣һͷ½ڵ̵ʱҲϼ֡
Ȼ㾫£ҲȽϼһЩôܳڡ
ö֮ҲһЩϲá
⼸ӣһҲ̫ÿԸǷһЩԼϲС

½ﻹ۾ƲƲ˹ȻϲԲԣһӻ̨СҪĻᣬüһһûкԣ⻹˼ҵӣй
û˷ϣô㵽
ã˵΢ĳʱʲôģ󷿺һӣܹ֪һλû˵ֵܣö˵ϼ䡣
½̲סһ£ĳ˵Ŀķǡ

ΣȥһˣǷ޴㵽ϿӻӣСӻǰӵĶ츳ȴѾȷˣһСʱˣδؼѵġ
һӣܹһʮӡ
ضеȣϵȨײƵΰǱȽϰȡ

ӱҲǲģͷܹס˵СԺӣ϶ĶӣܹһʱܹЪϢĺõط
ӻӵӪᱻֳˣȻ³˵ĵλбǰ࣬Ҫƾٵġ
ôĿƾ٣˳Ŀƾ٣ƺһЩϲߡ

ӻӵԭҪҪйӪߣҲ̫ỳǮ·Ͳͷ궼óȥһˣֻϱԡ
䣬ֻ˺ӣ˵ѣ½ڶΪǰͷµľŮ˻ӣ˭Ҫɷһ飿
ңӻӣɶԵĴõģӻˣʲôҲְɣ

½Ȼ뵽ɩΨһŵ㣬Ǿ̲ˡܲСˣζǲǲΪ͵һֵļյ졣½ԼҲһЩ˵ζԯޣżҲ÷ƵĲԣ˵ͦ·ġ

ԷһڿģԸԸ⻹˵ǣ޵ĸãɩҲ±ǰ̭½ﶼǵһҪ⼸仯½ᶼȥᣬϾԽĶɾҪġ




55.  ǽ   Ѿ콵ˣҵÿҪΡ

ġ, ЩĶҪҵģڵ˷ܵһЩͣѾ콵, ҵÿҪ˹ȥ

õõӽǳɫϵġ
޳, ƽǲҴģ⼸ߵ޲ܹ·
ɫ棬ʵ㲻̫, ˼, ԳƵǼõĲϡʵϣ̫޵Ĳϣʲô¡

ÿһ, ؼĲ϶, һ˻Ϸһ³Ĳ, Ȼϲٻ
ÿ궼ȱ·, ǹһߣ½ÿҲΪ, ϼ·ȥլﾡТġ
ĸӣͶɩǰ½ͲʡԼһףΪ˻Ҫʵʱֲźá

СоʱĴ˼ʵϺ
̫صûգʡ˷ʱǿӲؾܾһЩȽϲ˰ѱĺ, Ƕ

ĸף½Ҳ֪飬СǷ˼֮ơѾһֳ̬ȫյĻ޹ʵϵĴ˼ҡ
Ͼ˼һΪƲǡ

ӣլȴһ仯ҲûУ½֪ӣСӰ磬ŽϿõġ
ǰߣ̫үǧũӵܣⶼоˣƸҲ̫ѿߣȢ˹ŮóƵһޣϱϵӣҪǿģ϶ԸСӵһȡ

ü޽ӣȻҲӵŵĳԴ½ȴۼط֣źϲ·
½͵·ףΪʲôǲ̫Ը⴩ȥʵǶԷ͵·̫;¡
һ㸻˶ϲĿʽһ·ȥ˼ڴ̢̢ңŻ޲͸ȷʵǺÿһ㣬߯ǲھӶࡣ

½·¯࣬ҲȤҪ⣬Ҳȵúܡ
һ·ʱ䣬½ֱӾͿoܷϷŵͼڣ÷񡢾աȵȵͼ
ߵļգȻھʯ̵̽ģ˼ҵ˼ȫָվǰããһƬ½ع

˵ţӶ·óӣҪºÿǲڰ˼Ϊŵĸо
䣬ǰӣһȥԺʱ򣬻Ϊϵ·֮ӸֻΪѯֵܵ·֮£ֵȴĪغԺĵͷ߽ãϾ֮ӵֲͨԣ¥ҵĶӡ

Ʋ·زֻϲ·ͬǺ
λͬ·ƺһЩ̫
õҲԼѾߣʽϼֻϧʽϿˣѡ̫
ҲǴģΨҪĳϣϲŻᴩ͵·ľٶȷöԷеءûž̫ϡƽʱ᲻óԲΪϲ



ллѾһֲ˼ģ

·ĺӣ½ͷϷϵ֬ˮۣᡢľΡͬɫͷȵȣ˲Ϻ֬ˮ⣬С治أȴǼֹϲġ

½￼ǵѾ˿ԳŵֻͣҲҵõ˼ҶѣЩǡ÷ҳŴ
ľ̫࣬½ɴʹӣһЩСȫŽͷһˡ

Сȱ治٣˼СǾмӣ½ǿĵס
ܲ׽ôɣ

½Цȥһ˴ٶ늅Ҳ˿ҪŵͣȻû࿴õĶ󣬵ЩҲȻŻڼױͷ
Ѿã

Ѿ֪ĿţԲΪ׼ױǲƸƸˡĴ»û࿴ˣȷѾʼԼļױ
ûױĹżҶֱͦģ֮ױĹҲܹõżҵؿء
Ѿû뵽ԭˣ

һʱ֮£ĴﲻԵ쿪ҪҸɴϊɡá
δ˵꣬ѾıһŤʹ˵ղϲôھʹ

ԭѾѾһŲ״ĽϣĽǶݺݵŤŤȴǼΪذѻӵҴĻû˯ѡ
½

һǽĳ棬ö֓ҳ󶼶ͷȥŮŵ
ͷʱķһĴӣòƱȽϿ⣬ļӣвٵë
䡭

һĿ⣬ĵŮģҾ抅ɱ⣬Ȼҷ𡣡
˻һΣѾʱ˻ͷõ鷳Ͻһӣصص˵ͷûǵģͱˡ

ľ棬÷εķӦȴǲͬǷίĵǣⱲӶû֬ˮۣŮǱҺá
ﰵʾ󣺡ﶼԼǿҪ̵ͣ֬ˮ

½ڶǰͬԭɩϲ֬ˮֲʲô˵飬ͷٲһ͊ˡ
½ﵨұ֤⻰һЩƷǽĳ涼ݡ
ɻźأĵĳԲʺϵ̡̥

÷۾ˢһȴԲԵѽô˼
һӣ½˭÷ɶˣû˰Ŀ׵һ¡
ֱӣﲻƷѣƳͷѯʣĵã֬ˮҪǮ
ˣҲûжǮ½ﲻ̫ǣҹʶɩһҵҵҪϿӻӣҼǵÊյһЩС˶ҪҪķһЩ

ӣ
ӣ
ͬһǾȣһɻ

÷沵ļҵס
Ȼ֪ķӹò˼Ҷһֱоη㽣һӿ϶ûϲٵӰ

ɻЩ𣿡
Ҽһ˭̲ˡܲȵȵСˣ

½û£ɩҳͦģö˼ҿɶ粻ĺζ뻹ġһֲԿȥûԼԾˡܳɹȥĻһ¼𣿡

﷢ʱֱİ¾аɣӦˣһҾµȥժЩһЩ
ʱ˿̣󻹿ķնɾİϹĴԴ

½ϲʹ˵ر֤ģԽĶǷ޿϶ĵġ
ڣɩ÷
ȿȣж棬ɩҪ




56.     ǰ롭

峿, ʱ
ķһӣһᶼǻӡ

ϵԺÿϾһ, ٽİ, Ӿͻصסšһûŵ׵ֵرˣѺ½ؽ̵ôɲīسɹӡ, ͷ, һ˲˵زݡ
СӡΪ½ǰģСӵȫԼģܽӮ, ײıԼ뷨

Ͳ׵һ, ٸ磬һͷ, һؽζ, 㶼ķζ
˳һˣرز㡣
, һѵˣ뱲سǶûȥһˡ

Ҳµġ
ѾС˵һľǲ䷳ظһΡ
½иһǷͲ㸸ˣ׼ǵĶҲٸ

СյĻᡣ
ʱرˣһཱུС, С˵ģټһֱԷ

½岻ܹһиȻ˯磬Ǳ
һǰ޵ĺˣѾš

ʲô¶ˣȻ۸ûеڳͷ
һڵ࣬죬ԥϵʳġ
ģ϶ζ̫Ҳ㣬һеӲ

䭵Сһ壬ɵġ
Сù˺ü죬׵жСС֪һ㶼Ҵ׵غ£⼸ķԱ٣òϵⶼһЩ
ѣ

½ΪиʵΪ˸Լһӣǳ˼졣ϾòˣȻƲ϶óԣҲûѳԵŭԹ
һûûζģտƽƽ棬һ˲иʵеΪѡ

ѵ켷ﻳУѲɻǳԣ
׵߳ŭˣ
һӾͼˣ緹Ȼģô϶ǳ׵ա

ǰǵӷʵģλû׵һТָأ˵Ȼﻹҳ˵ζҵĳջеġ
ͬµҲ㣬ϴ棬ҲóԣҾһҳԡ
ѣ

½յɷίһƮһТǺ£֮پͽǷҲãҲ̫࣬Ǻ°
ˣίΪˣϱĳգ

ѵ²
ǣʱ򣬴żֵ޵۹⣬ϵһ⡢ĭն峴硢ԣǼˬĵ
ò˵ӲԿ䣬ĳм½ı졣
һӵĲˣƲζ˵ɫòѾʤһ롣

½һ죺ӣмӲˣôѧģ
Ҳ֪ҳͬȥԣ¥ĴȤŽҼҳˡ

ʵϣͬԣ¥ҵĶӣӦòᵱ¶Լաң˼ҲؽˣǴżĿģڶҶǰͷڼǰˡ
ҲãжѧӰĲΣȻһ«Ҫ֪ģλԶܱȡ
ԶҳöĶ˱˵³᲻߽һ¡

ӵͬһˣ½Ȼӡ󣬵ҼǵãͬԣһǵöԷرһꡣ
Ѻԣ¥Ķн飬ԷĶӣ½ӡ
ѲŲԣСӣǼʵضһĲˣаЩˣúÿζȴرġ

һˮĻֱӳţֻ׵ڼԼѵһɾͣԼҵӳԱ񣬴ӵֲ֧
ҿζġгطһЦеԣ˵ζ϶ã԰׼ǻ̵ͷġ

½ҲôӵĳջȥȼвڵˣƷζȷʵǼãԵθڴ󿪡
½ǳӵسޣӣܺóԵġ

֪˵ԵɣҲûдƿֻҶ֪㻹ѧһ֣ͦóԵġ
䭶ˣСѾʼڰǷһǰݵ⣬ȫԻģ

²˺ٲԸҲóԼˡ
ȺСӣƭԼĸ飬ͺڵǼĵĶӣϱŹ󣬰Ķȫóˡ

յһ㶼ں׵ĳֵɫһһҵִյѵԣϽ˵һЩɻ
ѺãǶĵһЩ
½״Цǰ˵ģѧģһٸһСʱѲƶӵģ
㲻



½ž֮ʱȴٵ󽹼һȴŶġģڼ𣿡
㶵е죿
صҲеϤ

½εǶ˭ȥţ
һ

ٶȷӦѻģ뿪ӣѼĴŴ򿪡ֻҡҺ㻹ڡ
ѵߣҪҪȻ˵
ܵÿҪ¼ȨǳڵûûµģүӣӸ赹ˣʯûҵˣһүȥҴ򡣡

⿿һ˿û̧ˡ
֮ԣûʵʶУıȽϿһЩʱȫŵˣǳɿˡ
ǰ룬ⲻЦ

ʵϣȷʵףȥϻ̫ˣʯ֪һ˴ȥլһߵġ㻹ĵĻڵСɽʯĵѧүӿһ¡
һذţȷʵĹǣղŻʧƽ˵ͷУȥˡ
ֵܣֻɬֵ꣬ҲܿµģͬȴСɽ

ͷ˺ͶǶһ˶½ȴСɽ֣Ƿ˶ǣСӵ֣˵ߣҲȥլһˡ
䭵˵ͷӤʵͷǲĵضãҲ̫죬ӵˡ
½У㶢ţ϶ԹġĶӿ϶ǲ徲ġ

䭵ر⣬Сս֣ĸ˻һߣȵլʱˣȫվүӵĸλá
һĳֵˡ




57.  ز   

ʯѾ¿, һϸˣСɽͽûа׷ѽ̵ǰǴؼΪ, ʯ⡣
˼Ǽ, ĲͨɴС

һȥʯ鶼üΪࡣ
ʵһЩзǰףСɽѨλûгһ, βоա

Т, ʯǹŰˡ
꣬Ƕ˻ӡԼ˾ܵΪ, ʯǲҹͬ

һ, ЩĶǾľʯΪλĴȸĸ֮, ӡĹۡ
ЩҩǮ, ϣʱ򻹸λǷ١
ľٶ, ϴӵСɽ֪һԷ޾Ը߼۵ĴۣĴŮ޽ؼҡ

ʯʲôˣ
˼ǲүӵͽܣϸŴ󻧶߹һؼһ¶ڴϵĲˣʯܲã
Ϊİ֮ģڻȻһЩ̴ڣʯֻԼ֮ˡ

, ʵǲֵ˷˿ͬġʯ˼ƽϣ⣬ҲһԷٵࡣ
һӵӡͬһӣʯӡ󼫺áСɽĹϵһ֣Ҫԭ򣬻˽Խ޳ķʽҩ͸ʦ⼸꣬ʦҽĥҩӵĹϵݷָӾһЩ
һ㣬ʯԴѶм־֮飬ҽҲǾľ

ʯ򲻷һģӵ㷲̫̫վǱﲻסƵһʣôͷӻðɣ
ǰ꣬в̫ˬʱ
Сӵо٣ͷ泩
Ѿõʱ䣬ͷӶûٺﲻ벻źϴһǳܣϰͲһԵڵأŵǿӲ̫̫

ʯûιٵػصû£СɽغܼʱȻĿһЩΣա⣬ʱûµģƽǲҪ̫´λзĿܣֻ˯˹ȥûʲô󰭡

ԣӵȴǴ˸ͻ
зʲô֪ܲ
˵ˣΪɱĹŮӵӾзģȥǰֻڴϣԺÿ˰æǰҲûС

ֻһ㣬ϰͿܵõз磬ӵۿһȣСɽ֣мӣˣ
Сɽʱл
Сɽһֵܣ֪СɶԸٲ˽з˿¶ûһûСɽǺһ֪ģ

ȿ̣ŵСɽˣҊûĽ
̫̫ˡҲʯúӣûĴ󣬵˼ҾͷӣǴ飬̫̫Ҳû̫಻˵¡

û˵ʯвٵýһ¡
ǸϽɫ˼ҩʱԼһóϼأ⼸ʳȵȣʯһһϸ

լ棬ӶڣѾΣգǲ÷βܣԺ󣬼ӺͶϱ̫̫լסһ
ӻùϰ飬ҩλҲֻϱ
ǵϱӣȻ÷ҩ½һԼලɡ
÷

½öɩӵıͦ΢ģ︹ٺû
ʵϣڵĽɫһӵģһѾߵģвС
Ϊռ˵ˣ½;˲С˹ͦµʵ֪ʹ󲮸ڳʲô𣿡

һԣ÷ǰеĸо
ǰլʱ沲Ǵѹһͷ𣿲һ뵽عգ÷վ˿ԹȻﻹһЩֵĸо˭ͬǶϱĸرƫĵá
һԱ淺ͺν÷ֺȻˣٺٵЦ

½
½Ȼϰ߶ɩż쿪λص˼·

÷ǲزסģֻܿ˵ǰһΪպεжôߣСһо٣Ů˶ٶ̬ҲһԼĳҲǺһӡֲã˼һ̫үǧ𣬸ռ޽ʱҲԹмӣǺһЩ˵ҲûεŮˣȫһǿ׳ڲҪֺǹšֲɵġ

ӿɾأǶԷ
Աȣ½һװģģ÷еر׽ǰôͲ沵ĺôأ
½ȴǲ̫ϰ߶ɩ顣

νɩӣ⼸ȷǻӡ
ȻνֺõĶҲڹŶϣԼһѡ

νǲмˡ
ķãȴһߵ̬
ӵضԱȣģ˶þ輸֣ҲСоԺ󣬵кأҪֺã

˵ĮöԴɩɩͬҲͦģȫ˽õĻᡣ
½ﲻ룬ֱá
٣ö̬ȣΪеһɲΪԼ˼˰

ᵽһ䣬Сһоٵظһ꣬νҲˣɰٸ˻ˣ˼ذһϯ
ڣҲһĶӣŮŮˣڳԾϯʱ򣬶ܿüԷѿı顣
ֻΪòƺ˵׵ˡ

½ζ֡
䣬⼸꣬νڿرŶӣլ빫ʰȫûԼģ˻Ǹꡣ
һ㹫żȷʵǻһ£νˣӾƫ۵ģǰͷһ淣ͬҲزˡ

̫̫ǵ̵ģӻ۶۲
λ沼ɧز˸ǰеӣֱȫѹϣӱĵλҡ



÷˵沵Ļûڿ
νһ磬Ҳǲµģ¶ıԣӵ쾡¡

νλã÷̧ѽǰ˭ܰװһߵģôͲţô튅ʱӦüǰһתͲ˰ôһֱûûƤǰա
½ɩӳӦúġ

÷һҲûвԼ˺޵ģνؽҧ˫Ŀģλ̹Ȼ޾ؼֱѺν
÷ǴȫʤƵأر⣺ƲŮǰҵĻûֺùţϧǲóѵġ
½ղŻرԸɩ˵ϹҲͦǿġ

½еԣ÷ʲôʵˣղʲô
Ҹղʵǹʹ󲮸ڳʲô½˳ǣƴ߶иܺͺӼƽϡ

һһ£÷Լҵùѵլһˣ̯Ĵ¡һأŵÿɲֻе÷ֻͬŵòᡣƲƲ죬ǽ⣬Ǵ󲮸಻ˣ˵Ѿ޻ȥ淵ңû˵ʲô󲮸˵ƲԼƲϰûûУҵҶҪǰʹ󲮸ܡϧһܶû򣬹͓ؿεȥ

½ı鵹˲ζ˵󲮸硭Ѿ޻ң




58.  Ψһ   

νһЩȥյ, ͱϾҲֳͷǰƤӣôóˮۻ, ٲ㲻, ȴĴֲ

ʧˮ뱲ӶײҰ֮أûоݻ֧ţνŲƽ̬, ҹҹԼ
ɫò, վȻʧɫһ졣
ݷֻǹơ

լӣԶеؼɹ
νû뵽Լ޵, Ȼ˵ز¡Ϊֱɲֵ, ĺܹ˳һЩȴû뵽ճʱ, ͵òٷһЩëƤС顣

ϵĲνײ, ĥ֮ĸ顣ν²մˮŮˣȫ޵˼, ֻСмҵ׵ƽա
ַſڵӣ붼롣
ҵӣȻ

νɷģҲǳĬסլʱ򣬶Ҫôլסţٲ˵, ÿ¶ֵܹġּҺÿλصͷԵԶףżԸſ˵ӳڵҲԶǴ̹˵Ŭһ٣ĵʧ

ּҲʱ䣬ֻһͷȵķ޸飬Ҳߵྴ
ܺȻо٣νԺΪڣӣûаȺôһӵĳ֣ҲʱӵĮֻҪһӵЦһڶǲ۵ġ

ٵĶӣʵķֵܣѩɰģܹڻ󲿷˵ġνûмɵĹģҶϻ᲻þܾ˿ɰӡ

Сƽĺӣ̫ɫɶһаЦΪĵشյνĽűߣһУ
νűƲ۵һǶӣƫƫⲻõĺӣûɫλҲؾͻӳƣûõĺӣң
Ը𽵹ΪӣԴΪڣõϵϲ˭һͷ̫ţƫƫһ͵Ķӡ

νǺӦּһ¡
Ȼձ÷ӣĵúνʹ޵󷿵ˡ˭УּǴ󷿵ģͷֺͺνһúùŵӡ
󷿵ˣһе̡

³ּңӡŶеǼǵģɲ˵־ͷ֣˵ϾͺϣνᴦĻǣֺùţȻùΪ顣
жТ˳νٲһ£ƵüΪ

ƽƵڵأʹú̲סش޳ν⵱ˣֻûаοƳһۣ޿޿ޣֺ˶ᣬģһģӣһ㶼ҵĶӡ
Ҫ߽ӵ٣ǺȻһ٣ȻӵĿ˽ţ߽ӺƽԣҪޡ

ٽͷ˵⧲
ȻνѾ֪Լ޵жûãֻû飬޿һطԸҪ庢ӣͱȥ壬޵ҵͷҪ

ϵģٻǲһ˵һ䣬Ͱѵϵĺӱȥ
⸱ҵĵԣνȴԤһ
ؾҲмĻȡ



޵Įķ޵ȻһĶԱȡ
һ޽ϸĵذϱʪͷ˵ڵȣϴͷҲͷ
ʲô½ûֲͨˣ㶼òѿˣҲһڵȣҵһô˯ţ

Ϊ˲õ׵İۣӶͦԾȥ˯ǰ󷿵ӣѼǵ⡣
Щӽ̵öãʶȤ

û£̫ȵĻȥѻϨҲСûˣ޽ûй˼ɣͬҲʲôʲôղţһֱʲô
ѲͷַΪ½ﶼеɲ٣һͷĳÿǺÿϴͷᷢǼΪ鷳
ͬ½ӷѵͦϲϱһͷںڵĳ˵˵Ǹӵġ
ѻܰ½ͬķ٣һ㶼鷳

½ڲŻصֻ˵öԣͬ£ȷʵһ־û
ѵϸһͣôȻ뵽

½ɫһƽĺ棺ⲻǽͶɩĵѾ߶ɩ˵Ѿ޽ؼңоѾֱʣ롭ӦѾ͵͵ظѾġѾʲôˣ˿޷⣬ȴ֪û뵽ҶҪһ־ȻǳԼ׽֣Ϊһŵ¡

磬÷˵Ϣʱвı飬ŶֶŮؼɵ뺦¡½ûж˵ʲôͣ˭Ѿһ£ΨѲ֪˿ɲֶŮϸ

ǸѾ˷ĴÿһֻкøСϵĸµµãܳϾľѾ˶ܱѣֶŮҩɾȡ
λ̡Ϊ׽£

½ֲǱˣ˼·ϸϸãŵҲץ˳
Ѿûݺ׽޽ؼңֻǵƻҵ£½»һ䡣
ѾΪ˰Ѻ·סݺ׽㵹Ǻ½ɾҪúõһλĺ³

Ѽӵģ˵ҿɲʲô£϶ڵġ
½ΪȻ䣬һǵ˵մˣ

ŮѪͷ˼ң½ԴҲ벻ѾΪҪ޽ң
Ѳɣ˵Ķܺãɴ˷˴ƣ

ǰմףҪѡ²ͷĺɣ˽⵽뷨˵Ǯ϶ûо˵ĶǶҲǼǲܿǮġ
ǾˣҿɲţѾ޽һǴ˼ҡΪһޣɲԶ

Ѿ۵ľ½ҪӶѡ
ֺѾһ뷨淵ˣҪһֶŮ

ġһ˵ݷⲻʲô£治зһ죬ҿֱӳûϵ
زҲûҪ½ҡҡͷңҾһӵƷԶ⣬ΣҿѾǴģҿɲܹ˼ҡ

֪ϱзִģҲ̫ĵȻҲͲٶ˵Щʲô
ǲģ˲ģ㻹ǰ飬͵͵͸¶֪һ¡½黹ǱȻңǱ˼Ҽϻ𣬷Ҳܲ

ȴвͬģһ£׵İѴ󷿸²ܣղѹʱ䶼һ£ɼˡ
½ﲻΪ˸еһԹţҸĸһѶû˵ġӲ⼸ʵ治뵽˶ǿҪʮͣͬټؼ֡

˼ã½ùźһסΣ
Ѱһӻͷߣܵˣ
˵ϱѴ

½ʵʵ˵ǰ϶ܲ˵ģûһԵ⼸ʵıܶ࣬ĸӣÿġ˵ˣӵľ飬ͷһ⣬ʱͲǲ༫һڣҲܰĲ١

һѵ񶼱ˣؾ⻰е
ϱϵʲô⡣Ļһ߾ˣԲõĶϱá

ϣΨ½飬֮ءѲǲˣλȺ˳ġϾΪˣԸˣҲΨ½һˡ




59.  ס   

һס
һ, û뵽ĺļҵģݵͷһ£סһ

˱˶ӵ, , ɶܽĵĽ׶Σ˶
ôʵѾٱһ, ѵࡣ

Ժ, ҲûԲᱻ˺ӡ
ǰһ, ˶û¾, ֵܶȹˡ

֮УƲѾԶϼҵ, ֻʣһ, ֵۣӵ, ֵܶ˼ֹ
ûķļҵףϵˮԼסӣܹ֪һӣĳ
ѵӻڶ鲻˵ӣϵԺÿҪķѵĶӣӲ˼, е

ȣôỳĵġңѵɣǰסլʱ򣬻ܹչǣɲͬˣլʣԼסš飬Ȼһ⣬۵ӹǲãһʵҲңԼӹǲã˵

һӣΨӣҶүûûСĿ˵ԣҲһТȻǴѵĻⲻͬҲǲͬ

οԴһӣҭΣȻܹһٽϴһ˵㶼ܲˡ
ĶӣСһħֻǣһõģӣΪͷһӣͷؼԶʤеĶӡ

ӵʣʧҲûзӡ
Ѿƫе̬ȡ
ֻϧǲ㣬˼ģ治ǲƫС

ǾģȻһЩ˼ԹӵˣûǰһάŴ󷿵
󷿵Ϊλǽ壿
ϴҳԭ򣬵ҪűԼֻöѪǰϹˣôһִ̰Ķӣ̳ģ

ѵûûƤֻеǸӵ׾ˣǶⳤʧͬҲǶԼʧ
Ժǳ֪ӵһЩ뷨˼ǰ鲻Т˳Ҫõһˡ
һϣǰٰζͷ

һ಻ġӾûϰŤϷ޶꣬ͷӵı飬ܹ֪Է뷨뵽һǡ
Ϊ̫̫Ǻ飬רʹϴҪ˵ϴˣϹĳ̶ȣ⸸һС׮׮ڵ£Ӷһǰ˲벻һǶ԰ǲ벻ҿϴû̺ãǽ̵̫ˣ

Ӷ÷ɫ콻ӣ꺮ů̫ţôǺ棿
Сͷˡ

ĵǣʶҲûһ侮ʯҲ㣬ĴҺﶼô磬ȴҪȥûȤⲻΪ˴ѾֶŮǰͷŵ飬㾹Ȼһɶ˼Ҷ˵ԼĹŮҪôžôţǰͷֶŮ飬ǶûܹӳɹţֹܹѾ޻ȥң

¶ˣӹȻôһ˵ĻǲǣɲѾܸ˼ңͷӾȻΪģ
۷졣
ŮͷһʺĴŮ̫̫һֱûмٹġҹλأ̫̫룬ǲѴŮ̵̫ãһûĵĸĸһüǮ

ûһҳޣϢһö֪ġ
ԣֱ񣬴ͳӣȻΪŮǼ޳ȥǱϴȥ˼ҵġ

ϧ׼Ǩ϶ҲѾϾ
Ů޵ǻ˼ңҲû̵ġ
϶ţĴ˼ңܰջţܹһ£õ˼ң￴ͷ˼

׵ѵ⣬Ѳֹûֹص˵ͷ
׵̫ļƷɲһ顣

ӽ£Ѳֻûɴذ齲øϸǰɲ಻Ϊ˭ûϵѾֶŮȴֵȥĵġܲðɣŮܼ޽ǻ˼ңŮǹû˭˼޸ˣֻϧɩ޻ҵĹŮ˵ǴѾ˼ĸԸϧݺ׽㣬ҲҪɾ͵ĺԵ۵ȴҪһšⲻֻԼιȥòʧ˼ҲҪ飬ⲻⲻ𣿡

һȫһ²Ӵģ
½ܵ
½ȴҲΪ̯飬ˣ⣬ҲҪѾ̫ͬġ

ӳʵ࣬ȷʵǴ㵲ѣģ˵ÿģ
߶ֱĶӲš

ҲɩҲ֪ġ˲ǳ˵һϻɶɶǣɩѾңһ֮ѣҲ֮ϡѺ˵Ŀ⣬Ϭ˵Ƕһ١



˲
ãӲŲ˵ͷӣ˰ɡ

ĶӣŮӲֻѣԼҪ죬ϴ󿴼׵赹һӦǰģǲܲ˵ߣ˼Ҷ㲻ֱӻӿû˵ǲҪһĵ飬̫̫޶ԣ

ָ΢һ£½ۼˣһ߰ɷһۣһ߸ϽѿߵҩԲͻأĶҩݵߣǲǲҩҩʣһЩȥĻܻɿһЩ

ֻеؿڶŵҲ޷ſڻػ
ɣϱʵʱذҩ˹˼ҲͲһϸϸʣֱؿڵɢˣ΢Ƶ̾Ժ󷿵飬Ҳٹˡ

ʱʱܹ嵭ܶ飬϶ܹίϲһһȷʵǶԴüζſԣҪȰһȰôºϴĽ١
϶ӻǰϾ²ֻΪ飬жͿӵԹɣ

СһҰߣլ岻٣̫żرԹСӵ̫
˿̻ġ



լĴС£½ﲻȫֻ֪Ǿð鶼Լˣʱһȫס
ư˼ĳӣԼˡ

½ﻹ֪ŵţȰȻ֪᲻øˣǵӹĲȴǰεоգҲһЩСšһ˲ͶסģңĴҲ͊һסġͲ𣿡

½ǲʵ⣬̫̫ܹܳ
΢΢ݣ⺢ӵʵӡ

ˣǲȴǰ
ǰֻլ̫С˶ߺȴ־լ̫ôӣֻͷһסţ˭ǶﻷƣįҪǿӣȴŲʾĿڡ
û뵽һϵģȴļҵġ

ӣģܲ˽⣿
⼸ͿľūĶϱģѹᶼᡣԼȢϱȷʵТ˳ֻĸġϴȻҲԼȢһǰܼһȴĻģҵӣһѾ
˼Ҳٹ£ʲôǲ֪ġ




60.  ׼   

üһ, λõص㻹治ʲôʱõģ

ĳĵܣֻǰӡ
İװҲڶ, һദֵ, ʲôͶ¶ҲͲţⲻû

Щ꣬СĹϵ, öķĸͻͽ
ķһֱôعճ, ²̫Լĺӣĵһӵ۾Ҳ顣
ò˵, ŷⳤ, ķĺһ㣬⻹, ļ, ǿҶԱȡ

ǰ󶼻ⳤ, ̫ʵױƭ
ǣ⺢ǳһӵĺûˣʵϻʵϣȴǲתˡ
ķô̺ӵģ

ɲΪӵı仯˳ȻһԼĹŮСʲôӣʲôӣÿζеۡ
ԺǱ˼ҡ

ο, ĵµӣöá
䣬ǰͷģҲܲŲæϴҲһţ󶼲

ˣȴҲĽ
ôԼҲһöӣܳµĳӣ뱲ƵüϣûɶѹλÿӹҲǼΪֺǡ
ռСˣȴҲ̫̰ˣ˼ֻб˲ռ˵뷨Ͼ˭뵱˰ 

ԷΪˣҲûʲôڵػصаˣֻһֱҲһҲûȫǾзŲܡ
Ϊеϧôˣ
ѵĳëû˵һڣʲôŪãͷһ飬ⲻ鷳˵ˣͼô̵ʱ䣬˱ûǶҲеǸ
ζȷʵòܵ

˲Ĳ䣬ͬûжûɶֻ첻ڣÿ𣿻Ͽһѻһ£ǼӣûҪ࣬ҵӰ
ӵֵܱֵ͵Ц

֪ͨˣǺķһסţ˵ľͷá
һĴ㿪ӻӣͷӻһؼһš
ϵģ˭ûзӡ

Ӽϰ鲻ȥ£Ҳֵһֻ۱һֻۣСɽ⺢ӣҲ˵˷ſ̬Բаġ
Ȼˣʲô

׼Ļﻹȫզ죿𣿡Ķƾһ֮ӣͷĸˣȻСо٣ͷӶû֣ʶƫĵػĶӡ

ʵϣˣҪĥϣ˫ʹüáһľ飬ǰͷֺʹصСϱһ˱Ƚϣ½ⷲĵش磬ӴÿڣƢ˲١ΨһеĽڼëҲڼСϱһѣ̫̫Ҳѧ˷ſ̬
Ʋ̣˻
䣬ÿʮ춼ܼİĴӣÿҲķС㣬ӹȺ٣̫̫ÿļˡ

ˣҿɻϱӡԾϱǵһ£رֱ׳ʱ˵ĻˣһЩͨԣ·õ֣Ȼ׬òԼû࣬Ҳ㲻ġοͷеأ߼ӲûӶ顣

ͦ˽˵ģҲΪؼʵ֪гˣһͷӣһͷܹŴ𣿡
׼˵ǣû£ճɵʱæٻǮ̹ˣЩһõóԲⱾġ
аȫˡص˵ͷңСҲУһɵģģ

Ҳû˵ôԼֵֻԼҲйֵܵˣȻ֪⣬˲ϡңҲǹֵܵˣϴƲ̸û϶ҵĶڵԵλ
¡˼ҵҲڸ̣

Сճ£ǼĳӡԭھֵģڣеҲ̫Σˣ˵Ĳⲻֻı·𣿡ھͰһ飺ҼСӵ˼ͦҲһֱӲߣԾ͸ɴ͹СӿꡣϾϺõĻƣͨǵÿģʣµĶǿġǼҲûнӹ̹ŻãҪüµʱ䣬ӹǿ϶⣬ʱ򻹵ÿҩԣǰ״

ûпѹȻԼ˼ز廰ζ˶ңұͷϹΪԼᣬӹӲʣ֪µʱ䣬ӹǾͻسԲ̫ڰǰңȻҶ֪ȥϹᡣ

˼صҽݣ׬ӣݷתֶ͵ϣȫӡ֤ѵĻϹæ
ңֵ£ҲˣλϲڣǼﲻϣ治ΣյġǰֵܣҲûжϵϵѾھֵֵܣһӢ˵ӻ̹˵꣬÷紵ܵģһ²ֻлӣ࣬гɿãǸм

ǿС˳ۡ
ûȥ˲֪ͷ治٣ҵ΢СһҲǲɵġ

ͷæӣŮӵĺͷæԺӡ
ҲûʲôæģͰԺļһ¡
ӱ춼µģȻҲֳɵģֻҪһڱīֽ⼴ɡ

÷ĺԺݲݵľۣƽ̵ʯذ壬ɩرʵϵʵԺӣֱסˣôûҪᵽס
ĻͰˡ
ϾϵԺӣҲ֪׬϶ӣסĵط

½ﻹûлشӾ͵һۣ£ż˯ĵطĻ⻹ס𣿡һ
ӵд棬÷˻ĸһɣŵӣȻɼΣô׵ĸٴպһ
ڵ϶ǲеģ

꣬÷Ѿϰˡ
ķһذ˸ӹȥλɩֵҲѡ
˭Ҳ뷨ڶûжסӣűҲͣ

½ɩƣҲʵʵ˵һ㣬סȴһдҺ͵ҵģǸϰסڴӡ
ԣ÷ﶼϧ٣ֻǲŮˡ

˽µĶϱǰͷλ÷üͷ̫̫һЦ϶ҵģôÊסڴӣͦίģ
÷͵ؾʹһ£δеΣУϽҡҡͷЦûûûϲסˣίһ㶼ί

϶ϱһˣҲΪˡ
ʹƽϣ˰ǰԼ

ӰһתɨĲãŪζҲ٣Ҳúö顣
½ջض沲ͬ飬ŵҲôãסԺͷҲǲãڹؼʱһӣ治ʲôĺûϾٹһ£ŷӣҲҪ³һԣⲻסҲܹúõùù

ΪȻǸпҲǸ˵⼸ӿɱСиˣôΪ׼ꡣû뵽ʱ䶼ô죬Ӽܲμͯˡ
֪˰ʲôĻ½Ҳɨ˵ЦɲǣֻϣǼҲܹСһϢңҲǺˣ
ӹЦøģ⻰˵á

ϱ˵һƬڣ÷һˮĻҲǲᣬֻ°ᣬҪͷԵˣҲĴӡ
뵽ܳΪͯ÷ֵɵЦֱλϱһ飬
£ܱ뻵ĺãǾ˰ɡ




61.  ͬ   ֲ˼

, ҪٴһͺˣŷѧûûҺء

Ƶɨɨء
ļѼ죬½½ԣ, ½ʱˡ
, ȻǼţÿʱɱһֻˣò˵Լ, ʶζ

½ͷ, ʵ԰ζûУԣ, Ըԣҡ
û, ԣҵĵҲмׯӵġ
ͷۣÿҲֳٵ, Ҫԣ¥, ѹ׾١

ԣ¥ȻΪ, ¥⣬ʵԣҵĴͷ⡣
ԣңϿʼ˼ңԣҵլҲΪˣɣҲһֱҵפءԣ¥Ķңһڴһϲʳҿͣʳζ, ԣ¥Ż졣

½жֻ֮ǿŹϵϵǲ̫׵ġ
֮ԣټȥһΪ˻Уƹԣ¥ĶҪˣ

ԣ¥ĶңڵĹϵһӶñٻʡǣԽӹܸļ⡣ֵܵͬԣkλһҲǵòμӴ˴οԵ֮һԣ¥ĶңǾӲμԺ͸ԣŴҡ
ˣ½ﲢδеϧһӣûԸιͷüѼ̫ࡣóô˻ᣬܰԺմ룬½ʵⲻġ

ԺĿǰʣʮֻĸ
ĸⶣģֻĸµڿ죬ԺҲóġ

ﻹŰС
ǵﻳУүҲ͵ˣ⵹ԸµȥԺ٣ӿɲ޲֮Ķˡ
Ȼֻʮһ꣬ӴܺݾʵȴӸµ֡䣬ӵȳҪټֽý˭С»ᵹ鹵ġ
жչһСȷʵرĲ١

ǰʱ½ɻûлУ⿿ϱһˣҲɽСûʲô÷ĵġ
Σѵðһи׵϶ܷĳš

ԽɵؼĻƣرĽδǣȥسǺ͸һ⡣
ûμӿƿõ۵Ŀ⣬ʮһ꣬ûǳһˣó̿϶ʵġ
½ڵɨʱֲ̫ȣÿ߷첹

̾⼸˲٣½Ҳ֪ԭǸеЦ뿼ԣȥ棿ȻҪȥ棬ʵһȥĻҲǲᷴԵġ

ѵϲɾĶɨλϵһɨգϾȵı飬ȾԼǿɲУҶӦ˵Ҽôû˳ţҶӺɵúúõرǣиܵǺӣү͵˼ңǲڼţԼġ

⻰˵ɷ£½ȴһЦԭĶӣѾôɿ𣿡
ԣ۵ӣһҲػصһֱôɿġ

һ仰Ƿ̳Ķӣʮʮģ½һһȴ֣ðɣΪĿɿӣһӡ
⵹Ҳشսһ½·ԼȻȻü۾ɻ󣺡·ģӦܻܵõС·

½ҡҡͷ֪ӵģеЦǻڶͷŲô⺢ֳˣ㶼ûԼӶһЩ𣿡
ͷһŷԼȷʵǱһЩֻһЩԾûʲô⻹ðɣҵͬ˵·Ǵ򲹶ģҲ̫

ͬũӵܣԴӺԺͬȽϣŷҹʵеؿԣΪԼͨ˼ңȴŷ֣ĺܶϰߣʵͦݳ޵ġ

˭Ҹģ
ҳϵ⣬ھ¥ɫ
·ÿ궼׼ü滻ĺö˼ң꣬꣬첹ꡣ

˵ֵܻиİã׵ﻹǡ
ϴϲղ䭣ϲʽĻ᣻ڣϲ̨
̨ҪΪһ֡Ϊ׵ͷһҶ԰СʱִΪ˵ĸо
ֵܵϲãرšȻҲرغķӡ

ⱾΪԼõˣӦûһũӵܣͷȴ֣ĵ𾢵ԣkһĹӸ硣
Լر𲻿˼顣

Ժͷʵũӵܺ͸ӵܣһֱμĸоֱʹؼ룬ֱӾʹⲻĵعڣֵ󲻵ͣȻ¶ߵĿԡ϶飬ܶǷƽ˾ģֻǻǴδǴõȷʵܴѧٶ

һǵһǡ
׵Ѷ˵ΣܱܲתһжֻܿԼǻۣ޷ֻ˵ǹ򻹲ҡ
ʱҲ׵ա˵ˣǴǣ

½ûں˵ģֱͦ׵˵ֲͬҵĶӣٹգ·񡣡
ף𣿡죺ҾȻǵˡ

޶ˣÿӵÿμסƽʱҲᾡһϺ񣬽ȻҲǲ⣬Ȼ׵ġ
ֵַһĲ֮ͬ˵ĺӣø涼һ룬񡭡ʲô

ֲ˼ˣÊˡ
½ûҲֻǿܻһ㣬ǵĶӣʲôѲĵġ

ԣⶼǣܳŵƶ࣬˲١




62.     Ļǣҧгݡ

һ, һϤףȻŮˡ

ͻأֵĸ, ûиеϲá
, Դϴլ󣬲ǲϰ߰ѹƵϵĹϵһҵˣʧ, ԼڵصһĻ

, ƾų嶯ȣص˴󷿣һ, ȴҲȥլһȻ, ÿνһԺȴӿһĻ, õµĻϢ

ĵغ, ̯Ϻ׵ΣǾͷڹ굱˺ö졣
ٴεõլϢ, ȴѾǶϿһжϸĵϵؾҲѾûǸ˵Ҫϡ

ΪһҳӣһֱΪĸСܣģڵˣҲƲ£ѾǮ, ֻĵأ˻󷿻˶ʮĶĵءļҵףŵͷ˭ۣ
پܵܣһձõ͸Уȫլ׵У׵شƣٴγ

һҵĸϲжεˣҵһйڡΪҪҵĹϵĸףԼֵܣѹߵĵز
һжҺģ

ԹջأϱİҲһһû˸Ӱ죬Ҳһѹһ죬ҵĸҲռϷ硣
ֻϧŵ淣Դ˶ӣͲǰһע˵ı仯

˿̣ƽƽɫǼһ̬ҲǼΪ䵭Ȼ˿ˣҾȳȥˡ
Ӷ̬ȣŮȫ
ĸĨĨε᣺Ůǻûԭ𣿡

Ѿ±׵ƻϽеţֻǸµػ̫ˣûЊ˼
ѾԹּ֪޹ŵӣ׵ȴ˵زӣǰ׷յֺԡ

ⱻϴԵĴŮˣͬ͵ҵû֊֊ĻҲͲӦ¡ңС⺢Լĵģ֪ӣҪ˴ܵʱǰգôֵˊ
ûԭңĸϴԺˣװģͣʮ淶ĸ֣ǰֶΣԸ׽Ŀġ

ϧ׽ǲõģûȥˣûϣɲû˰ĸĸûСݣֻϧҵСǽ⿪˼ֻǲʶѣȫ˼غ˺һƤ⡣
ĸǶ޵ģӴǲҵţҲҺõǮҲˣٰѼŮ޳źһֵذëȴܼʼ

ȻǰͷŮ£סɷķ
ϴһֱҵľٶվǱݻؼټ޵˼ңĸҲҪѡõ˼ңⲻû˿Ϊ˱Ǯ˷ѼʳתְѴŮˣﻹ߶ţҲǷá

ŮҲң˼ɷǸɴ಻ҪżǮƣֱŮ˽ƫƫĸ̹Ů˿ȥŮһûˣ첻ˣûͰԼȥȥĹŮ
׷ߺڷˣű˵ˣֻԹŮĲá

Ůǰ֮ǽɹģĸİëڻ˼ңҲǰγĵã֪һξʨӴ󿪿ڣֻϸˮǮ
һǷ˵ǮĸʧߣͷǮĿȴʲôֻ֣ǴƵһЩ

ʹᷳһǮһСǮÿҲְǮ͵ĸϣȫ֪󷿵ļҵףһһεر˰գٳɶҲǾ˵ġ
ǶҲֻڲҵײԾʱͷֵõһŮӣվռϷ磬ĸһҵġСǮҲֲټʡ

˵ĵլһ£ڴͷ¶·зģ˸ĸֵܣĶˣҲֻ֪ĴŮиܹϵĴ˼ҿϡ
ֻм˲һ
ҳ󲻿

䵭ӰŮˣĸŮŮԺǲ޵⣬ŵϣҲһر湦򣺡ȢѾŮҲиϼ׵ĺ£ӿɲϵ̫ãӾͶ¸µһ죬Σ

ĸ˵úʵҪһϦļҵףѹͿŮӳÿɱѾŮҪÿĶֱ࣬һʻţϡ
ȻʻӣţѾŮ
˭Ѿи͵Ĵ㣬ܼ޽˼ң˵ѾõˣԺǿԽѾĹ⣬ӵõĺô

ĸѾ˽⵽Щ˼ǲǵġ
Ϻƽر֣ػصȴǴδٹѾŵĸ̬ȸŵϡ
Ѿ־ɱȴиĶ࣬ȼ޽ң˸Сӣҵٻ󣬲ܣ

ѾڳĺӣĸȴֺȻʵ˵ŮĶܺĵܵĺӣسǲμӿƾٿˣǵѧǲǺܺã

벻֪һ⣬ֱӾѾЦʧĸоȻ飬Ѿ֮⣬ķӣҲûбеǡ
⼸ӣһݷѳеͼѾΪδţ˿̵ѵһ˿Ļɡ
Ѿֻܰķõܣܹ޹ѡܹʮ㡣

Ҳǲ沵ĺûǺӵѧʺòãǼûʲôϵƲǴ󷿡
治ãͬһӣһ굽ͷϼ棬ӡ÷ÿȥӱϴܰ䳰һ飬һӱȼҵףһӱá
ţǰҵһ£ǳ׵ط

淶ûһỹȥĶ沣ֻһ˼Ҹıȶӵĳɾ͡
󷿾һӣô󣬾иúӺľѪȥ顣ӵĳɾͣ붼룬ֻȢӾˡ

ÿιжˣ淶ˣĸѵȰɵˣô˵ֵܣĺӼȻֺ˼ңԺкôմϱߣ
ѵţԵػصСӵĺôǴ󷿶մϱߣһĺôѪԵĳմʲôߣ
ĸ

ĸֻƿԣҹŮһСӣĸ͸飬մϺôʵдǱǸġĸῴˣȴû뵽޶ë԰εһزڻһ׼ҵĹϵ˼Ե֣ĸҲ֪ʱλһС
ĸôֶλڰһν첻Ӧеصزӣʵӡ̡̫

ĸһǲݲգһƵõֵӣһḬ̃⣬͵ػǴУ͸¶
һˣҲûаһ⡣

˵̸Ӧýʾӡ
ǣĸɲԸ׻ǮֲϲѾŮҲõ϶



سͷñ˰ײ㹻ȴҲһѾ顣

ǳʲôණǹİɣ
ŷҲͦȱµģʵҲо˵ֱҲΪġ

ԣkȻöˣȴ־ͬ׵һ߯˼ˣĸȻ㲻̫ˣ֮仹ǴŹء
ԣദԣkô۽磬ԭӻദʽ
ǰݷҵʱʱ䶼㳤ԣkԶֻĸТһĻҲرĽֵĸ׵ദû븸׵ദģȫԯޡ
һ·ϣһԸӶ컥ӣѽѽһ·϶ĵġ

󲻿ɫ֪Ͷ䣺֣˵ʲôҸʲô£ô֪
ЦǺǵЦװɵҲûõģǰǻ˼ҿҵģ˵û˼ҵƣΪţ

Լƭ˾͵㣬Ҳ׵ûа
ԭȣ;ǻ˼˸˸۾˼ΪҲҿзȻ͵öԼ

ӵĻݷǺϾžͲţ˵ĻҲҪô㴦زǺܺ𣿡
ĻǣҧгݵҲʮꡢʮ꣡
ǳøߣҲһӣԺȻƸŮˣǲϲŭ
½̵üãŮǺԭġ

Ƿ棬һ˲Ҳ죬ҰôãôĿ⻧˼ôǡ⺢ӣ

øƨ
㱬ڣûԣkɫѿ⻧˼ϹѡģûƳɣȻһƣζˣԣkһ
ԣkļãҲȱҪѾͷߵСǾʮ㣬ȻǲƳɹ

һУľԣkãҹĸĸемֵĿڼȥǰͷȰϼĻ벻֪һͷλƫҹĻԣkƵģΪ֮ôܲ˶ģ

ؼӣĻҲ̫ˣƣԺֻ࣬٣ҲǸԤһأǺ°
һ㿼ĸףѣԼԣkĸԣ롣⣬ף飬ҲͬѵѾ÷ÿСô

׵ˮ׵Ҫѧ顣ǰҲһأ⾯ľ̡ܸ
֪һ£ӵĻδ½˼ҲǶöˣѧ׵ģصԭʮĺӣһؾΪδƣһؼҵʱ򣬿ɵúúõ˵˵˵Ů˸ңҲҪ˵˼ơ

׵յһЦ
ѣ




63.  0063   

Ĵ, 󣬵ȴһԸѵģ۾һ, յŷ, һĴָ׵λиԡ
ŷỹǾΪ˵һûȿȣʱ򣬻ͦġ

Ѻĸദ, ʵһЩ뾭ѵ
Ȼ, ۣȺ֣Ҳǲ̵ܽҰ, ʹ, ӣҰ, 뱻ֻܹԹ
ο, ԼûףȴǵñӲŹ, ÿʱŵǻΨһȤֻʣ¿ѸӶǶ¡

ζֵܣѧѧԵȻݣ۽飬ŷĽǱȽģ˭ж˶ԶȤѵܵȻ
˵˶ϲȭŹ꣬ͨҲĲꡣ

Ѻȷ鲻, ȴδδ棬ԣkмε顣
αΪֵܣѧܹôãܲλĸףӦҲѧˡ
ѧʻûεģȴһ

ͬǰզࡣ
Լҵĵԭô̺ӵģ˭Ҳѧᣬֶһôʵס
ÿΪæķ飬÷¶Ƚ˽⡣

Ϊһ֪űﲻסʵôӶӣû
ŷһ£ʵʵ˵ǰȽһ㡣
ļ򣺡ҵǰҲӵģһףעһڼһ棬ҲŲôͳס


ҲǲźۼƳƺӵ׵⵽سǵһ·ϣǴˡû취λԣģһͲһ·ˡԣԣ¥ԭңǽȥʣλǴճһѣһĺӾ
һ·ش꣬ȴû뵽λһŵĶӣԼ׵̨ףֱǲҵĹŮ



һȺĵĶӣҲ˿Ҫϳµʱ
ҵʱסǽסһϷ򸾵ķӣƾɣʤ徲سǵĿջΪ

ÿڿƾٿԶŲͬ涨Ŀǰڵ³ʼÿ졣
ÿ˿ƾٿԣҪһٳѧӣܻڿջٰʫͱۡһᣬܹÿٻѧٵȻͷ֣վ޹ء

Ͼһ˫н
ԣk⣬˵ļ̫ʵŬ
Դˣͬسͷ桰Ȥ¡ȻҲûע̫ãϾҲͦġ

ѵĿ侲ûвӿԵκδ㣬ƾٶƾż֮ǻһҰ֮أôܹƽ֡
ϳʱЩ׵ģҪȼԵĶĽ࣬Ψһ࣬ȻעĿ

ѾӵӰԣջĿ⡣
ڴ򽻵ѣһֱλһԿ͸Ȥˣʱ治һͨũӵܡ

ԣһתԼ۹޵ĶӶͬĳɫԶ׼ӵǳġ
ԣkѧҲԣȴҲɡ

û˵滰ؾˣֻǾҶӻСһοɹ´ٿ㣬ѵüôأ£
һѪؿ⣬ԣȴݷϰߣüǶΨΣû취ΪһֱٳٲȢޣҸĸҵĶ䵭ҪһĹϵƱkܹšլ飬ڵңûܹģҲմϱߣϾһֱţҲһȥͻί⺢ӡ

ԣǳüչ
̰ʡǵķҲͲ·Żصլֻϧһͷͨ뺡ֱ⣬ĸҲ͵ˣǿӲؾֻܾ᲻¶ǣͷ
ԣ밮طޣµĶӣȻǰٰ㿴أȫѾϰߡ

ԣҵСԴ֣ܶõˣȴһûУԣkܹţ˿¾ͻһ̬ȡ
ԣν̻˼ңעĳ̶˳ݺӵһ£Ϊôӵ棬ҲһϦ֮䣬嵽ʲôʵ

ȴ˾ռߡ
˼ҵ£ֻ಻١ȻҲûиϰ佨顣ֻԣ³̡λϰԣ¥ӪɫҪ˵û׼п

֪ȴǵˮ©ģҴӶ˵ӵѧʵһж˳ΪҲܹ³ɡ
ʱ򣬳ɵӲŻ˵ϵ˵Ļ
ԣüȻһɣЦǾͽ㼪ԡ



سǵĿԣ˳ɣǿԵĻƺü⵽ٵÿγʱһһЩήҡ
ԣkλ굹ǻָ죬ϴԸģԣkÿζҪþãػ

ԣ״˺ôһⲻؼʱ̣治֪ԼҶӵӹǣԭôá
ȻԣkһЩѧУʵǿġ
ˣҪǳģȻȡ

³ľӣйʱ䣬һȷӣһȺ˵Ҳܹĵȴ
ԣѾС˵ǰţԴﶼҵһջȻ˼š
ȻѧԣǷѰĹ̡
һѰģһȫ˵Ķӣҵˣ治ðСӲ˷һӡ
Ȼ˸ĸģܻǴһЩӳ̬

󶼳͵͵ʵôÿΣ
ŷԴٺٵЦΣҾӦûУΪöĿ񶼰Ҹϰӣһдöдⲻ󡣡
ŷ᲻飬һȲµжҲУȴеģ³ͯԣԱоӶֵֽ࣬ʾ֭λܼǶپͼǶ١

ͷſԿ϶С
Ϊ³Ŀƾƶȣÿ͸һΣѾսʱǰʡ
ţʱصĲۣҪϻǲ̫ס

ԼҶǰɶԣûӡҲûкøԶܿͯ㣬ϾһͯĶӣڴҲӵġ
һֶԼԣӸϰĵظмĳɼһɵĸм֮Ǵﵽˡ
Ϊôһǹˡ

ȻͬؼȴƣȻֻǵҵдˣѲɣ⣿
˴һۣκܿԵģҶûҪ㣬㵹ǸԼôߵĿꡣ
֮Уĳɼߣ⻹⣿
λ׵ģɶ۵ԣkǵŷм䣬ȴǵڶǹյһˡ

سͷôĿܹѲ̫ƾٲһש˵ʮѣʱ̫ᣬҲ˵ĳɼѹһѹ
ԺʦΪβöӱμӿƾٿԣ⻹д˿ǡ
Ѿôӻ̫ǳˡ




64.  ԥ   

ŶӾ˵, Դ֪ޣ˵ʲôҲԼԼһ˵ȥ̢
, 껹ټسﱧԹ䣺, ҪǮøֱҰȥʵ˺¡
ǰôͦ˵ģ

½ʵҲ, ׳ţ˵þ, ԼҴϵСúƵģҲʹ
ӡ, ԭеʱ, ûеõشֻһЩʡ, вס, Ǳûţ

ùӵǮ½ɴô˻ȥҶɩϹ, ɻǹ̸£ϵĽݱˣöԷ˸ˡ
͹һסԾТģû뵽ŷǰ˴æ

ӲһӾȻٵȥسǺ͸ǿԣش飬ôܹûдţ
ŴеĻ, ֻƾѳⶼ˼ҳ㷹ȻϣܹŴӡ
ľҲͳ˹æӣϾˡ
ĸأ
̫̫Ȼǲϰ壬ԶǷ棬һӰæ⡣

˻̫ۣӣ˵ǰʱθԲ˻ͷ춼ۡ
棬ʮӣֱĸС
̫̫ţԼҵͷһµġ
ϵķ޾ףزò֣ȴͦлŵĺ⡣

ȻҲΪûţӲ½Ķ֣ô˻ɢɢ磬̫ԲԼ
ӣʵТ˳ӣȴ˳½ĲݣȻⲻ˵ϼ䣬жȴôǿӲ
ĳһ棬϶𿴳ñȽԸĺᣬʵȽѡԼɷԸȻʱͦԵģ汻뱣Χһ¡

ĸƵڴ棬ߵһïʢĵطõĸӶˣͣ½ŲȻ˫˫ؽߡ
ⲻǺȷʵǰվŵӰôСɽѾ㣿
½ףȽûй˼ɵػصûпȷˡ

Ŀһɣ˼֣СɽѾʲôʱнģ
ŴŮ³ķǱȽϺõģڴӻǼټŮûпѻףǹǵ⡣
첱ӣæεһأڷֵȷʵû˵ʱĵǰһ

ǽ⣬½ȴУʤһӹɵġ
ѾֶŮʵû̫ӡΨһеӡհӵʱ򡣲СɽСĺӣģͼദʱҲЦ̵ĺƢûм̣ȫ˪ģ
Ƿʲô飿

½ĸ£׸ǴһĨ棬ݷĸͬģСʵôúеֵֹģ˵ҪҪȥ
ǲλղ̫ԾҲ̫֪ˡ
ĸӶûпʼ˲䣬Сɽȴתӡ
±ȽٵģʱһĸоԶЦһСɽ硣

СɽòҲһЩ㵡
ţ½ﲶ׽СɽԽȶѾڣҾ抅Ѹղŵ˵ԊҶ˶ûκεĺô
ѾԵͷȴҲǼΪӲػصһûôģļȴҴŵĵط㣬ףһ֪𣿡

ǲҵļˡСɽصУʲôףҶܻ˺ǣҲñ˵һЩ˵Ļ
ѾԣǷһ顣
飿ƾʲô

ƾںһӵع۸УΪҿѾвǽӲزҲûʲôҪֻϣһ죬ܰҸһѿӡ֤һЩ顣
ҴӦ
Ѿƽֱ΢һɣȻӦˣôҲؿƿġ
½

½ѽ̵ģһŮĶԻʲôۺݶûˡ
ڣСɽһ飬½һҲʲô˵飬Լ˵׻иòҲϰˣ½ﻹϣСɽ⺢ӣܹǰſһЩȻԼ۰

ӵǻһ֪ﳯ߽һЩʵСɽѾ㣬ôһ𣿡
ֻǡġСɽ㿡ݵϣػرѩڵů⡣
Ȼʵǡܾ𣿡

ûУŸոߵѡҲǴ󷽵ģȻ͵˷֣ɴ̹ʵѾղ˵һЩʲô
СɽɾҵģҲë˵ҩǮ
ѾķӦҲ̫
ϸϸ͵ҵСܵҩǮɲ֮ǰһˣֻʯǼزӦ

ʵϣʯԴլһ£޼ҩѣȫָԭȷʵεšֻǣʯһԷ޵ƷΣµĹҲûʲô䶯Ŀռ䡣
ˣʯĿҩķãԱĴͦĵġ

ԣȻı飺ԭ飬ֲǵıֵֹġ
½ӣʱôˣ
Ϊı飬½ﶼ˼жӣҲûдĻԡ

Сɽļ񶼷һЩҪȥ
СɽҲϽ飬浽С飬Ȼʲô˵ʲôҺҪȥҲ˵£˿ĻСı˵л
Сɽ죬ػصҴˣ´һעһ㡣
ˣȻѾýûʲô󲮺ʹȴǺദģҲǲҪСԵ

Ѿͬ˵ͷõڷ󷿣ЩĹĶӺȴһԥ
½ûкӵͦĵʵѾǲ£

£ǡҪʵģ͡Ѿ׵һ죬Ҫȥ𣿡ĵزԸѾˣȻȥʱҲý
ʵҲʵģĸǧطԸԼѿԼҵĹŮš
Ѿǲ⣬ҲֻӲͷƤӣ;淡

ĶӶôʲôȥģ½ﻹûзӦȲңҵ£Ǽʲôϵ
ɲϲѾý㣬ǰÿμʱһͱӵ۹⿴˵дýһ¡
ý㶼һԼµȱ£ƾʲôƲ



ףԭѾҲ˵飿÷ǮĶͣˣû뵽ԼƵСȥŶõӣͶҪһˣ
÷Цúϲ£죬ķ϶Ƕ
ֻǼҵױ࣬ҲͨһֵĿԣо뵱ͯ
Ȼ¶û⻵¾
ֱɨˡ

һŶӣ϶ǲȥģȥ𣿡½Źӣ˭пŵ÷ѵô󷽣ⲻ԰ײԡ
÷˵ȥѾȶߵֶŮλе﷢һ뵽ԷȻԸĻ𿻣ɩͦȥһ֡
ҵ

÷һԥ²ĵʵŻȥȥĻҾһȥ
á½ҲϵɩеķӦһ£Ƚ칫Żʱһһʵġ

½ȴùſ϶ȥģΪȥĻ϶˵лģȢϱŮĴ£ֻҪݣ϶ȥһˡ
һӦôϣſɻûʽʹ󷿵˶Ͼϵ
˵ͨ




65.  ʱ   

ȷʵǸӦ, ̫̫ǰرһˣ̲סݺݵصԼͷһۣ㣬֮ǰҪŰǵ, ͺһ˺ɾ, üεĻᶼװ˷ѵڲҲõȥܾȥĻ˼ҿֵ˵ǶŮŮ¶ܹ²ܡӺӶǶ, ̫Ҿʶٲ, Ҳ˵ɻĨڣ˵ñ˺õ˻𣿷ˣ»ֻΪǴһϹ, ǲµġ

رԹһʵڻܹһжĹ
ֻ, ûҲ⣬˭д಻, ǵһϼס

һЩۺտ˵׻, ǰûʲôϣϾ˼ҵ顣, Լӵһùһ죬ĵ鷳£һصǷˮתת̫̫Ҳϻ
Լҵݣŵºӵĵλߣլˣõ˼ǹ˼࣬˼Ҿר˵лġ

ͷô벻ãӵȻ, һ߽õʯӣһ̬ȡӸлһ£һӶŲѾӣദ뱲ӵ˼ңƲȻ
ջż˴վǰһ̫š

ʶʱΪܣԼһҪӲ̵ģֲУԸϲѣбҪɱڵģ
⼸үүͬһ뷨۵Ĳ鲻ԸѾ£Ϊʲôͬȥ

ڼýûʲôݿԡ
ý㣬ķֵܵĸ黹У󷿵ļý㣬ֻ˵Ľ̫١
ʱӡ󣬶ʣ޼ˡ
˵ýĹ۸мΪãȻܻȥףضԷ

һôҲȥһˣȻҲ̫󻰡½ƢȰҪǣҲæչһү̣˼ôҵܳ߰飬ȻǶˣδҲǻ¡
һӦģ֪絣ʲôССţ磬ȥүү̰ɣһæչ˺õġ
½ʵĲҪչˡ
Ѿ붮˼ǲϵùӣһ̾ðɣһԹԵصһĵġ

żȻ¶ˣ÷ֵģҲͲŹĻᡣ
۵øһλɩӣɴҲѶŮһ߳ϲ硣
˼ҵĹزϣһţҲߣòμýĻ磬쾭ģɶ˵ģ

ѾóţʵöˣⱲݽϴģȴڼĵġ÷ʵһĴģ̫飬ŮԼȴҪġ
ѾɴڼܺӣҲ֡
̫ˡ

Ѿ޵һ죬칫̫նǴ죬ŵɫȴյκκۼһƬƬƲ㣬Ѵ춼Уɵɫʣ׾پ˵飬ǲԾظѹ

һƾͲǺܼ
žӶࡣ

÷ĲϲŵˣʵڱﲻסسŮ͵͵ֹ˼䣺ɫһͲʲôͷ˵ǲѾȱ̫࣬үȥ
ѾѧĶššüͷɫһ£᲻갡

˶ѧųʱѾýµ£Ѿͷһ룬żҲǱǸġԭΪԼ׽˽ˣû뵽еʵˣǶãˣĺˡôغһӵ£ǾƲᳯֵġ
Ѿ̲סһ£ļ⣬ǰѾ㣬ôαװһ

޵˵÷뷨Լûһֵֹ䣬˼뷨ϱֻ಻٣ͷӣզѡò̫ԣ
˼Ϲ룬Ȿû£һ˵µġ

Ȿһ˼ϸģصʱǶأ֪ĳϲʺ϶໰ǸɴʲôҲ˵
Ȼ뷨ѵúѵĶһޡ

󷿼ŮҲǵ˳ģǰٺʵ治ʹڣ˫ߵǴϻġ
ߵĽȻҲ͵

󷿵ϲ£νᣬҲ뵱֮ˣڼǺƻԼ£ȻֻܱŶӶԲμӡ
ɷģҲİѶӵߡ
ζûеĵزҲǿɱġ

һֱͦĬûģȴܹӵ
һͷ̫̫üϱأ
Եͷֱ̫ԼĿ⣺̫

⶯촽̫̫ǾҪӵ棬ûʲôţһ˵Ļǲֻܵ
νȻƯϱӻӦ٣Ȣôһ·ŮˣӴδԼӵȻҲɢƱ˵⡣

Ȣϱһ죬һɫȻǵáģָͷгж̣վϣÿһӶܹúܺá
Ψһ飬ϱνȻһôȵʯͷ
ʼδ

Уӹþûģ֪ջӣ˵ʲôҲӦȢ޵ؿ
Ϊʱ飬ٶ඼ǰ׳ģ̫̫վǻһֱµˣ§ӣջѵúͰ׵˵ƽ⺢ÿáϱ飬Һǹܲˣƽ⺢ӣɱ˸̻ô뱲ӵָ

ڰزĶϱֳ̫̫Ҳܹ˵ϼĻ
ָ

νµ飬ͬһ
ɫǺҲиˣعģٻóǲ֪ôӦԵһЩ޴롣
ڣ󷿵һһӵˣ˳˵ϼ乧صĻҲûлȥ롣

ӵȤ²࣬Ϊ˸ӣμŮϲ£ҲǰһϢ벻š
⣬լﳣף¹ô룬϶ֻЦӭˣǾذݹӣؽࡣ

ѾޣѵôһأҲ˳մһմϲ淵ǻѵòǰӣѶĸŮӿ¼ͷ˲̫ȻһŮ޳ţǶûһɾ̫ˡ
÷
Ѿ

÷ը˷Σ̬ôôãǵѾɱԼ侲ˣϽ˳ӣʾﻹˡ
÷뵽ԼҵĴŮһΪôŮһ˵ףɩǼʱذѻûˡ
ɩҲһμŮ޽ʲô˼ңλõģ

ʵϣѾ淲ĸŮӶпӵˣһҲﲻá
һ˵ĺɫ£ͷһμ޵ô⡣Ѿü۵ϲ͵⣬ݷǺ޲Ѹˡжٳ죬ЦҲŨ񣺡ѾҲˣһΣ

޻ҵĹŮŮ磬ȫȫر¼ױȱжѹӡ
ϱӣѾسţ»Ѿģ·ǼϾѾ˽ΪѾȴǰСͨļ£ȻҲͲɵģ붼رسª

Ѿױý㣬ˣһ֬ˮۣź޵ļ£ԷòȷʵǱøעĿ
Ů˳ޣһеʱ򣬲ʲô뷨Ѿѡʵʵ˵Ѿ㣬غƯ
û뵽ѾҲôػ˵ѾЦ࣬ͷȴһЩ٣ģҲôһ졣

Ժ󣬶û޸ʲôˣѾ֪ʵͽʵͽҷϵˣüʱ䣬ǾͻΪ˼ĲΣɷһСһ󳳡


ѾŸôһ룬ԼϸɤӣͺȻ󺰣ʱˣ׼ˣ




66.     ΢΢һС

Űͷ, ѸԼҶһζŨ񣺡СӵǾǿû뵽ڶ³ɣҪ֪ܴӵжͷ, ǼΪѵõ顣

ѼΪ֪ͷ顣
ǵĿ, ΧپСطҲӿٵӵܡ

³ԴӽյȨ𽥱ͷ͸һεĿƾƶ, ƵĹ, ºޱƽգҲһܹչ¶ͷǡ
ӵܵԴǸӷḻû, ܹնƽѧ, ͨҲŲΪ֪֮

ʮ͢ٳ, ƽѾֳܹ֮ͥˡ
, һеĹٳͳջƻ
ͷ, һʳҵȨزʤ̭

ʵϣһЩҷ粻ңͿƣݺݵضԼҺ󱲣Ȼܹڳ͢Ÿ
ڣʬλز͵ңλͣ⼸ֵ̭С
ֲ͢ƽѧ, ӵܣ಻ܹòöڼϿɵؽ޷ʹ׵صͷ䡣

ӵܵŬ̶ȣѾũӵܣߵԴᲢۡ
һأԼҵСӣڸǿǴͷ

ڶһԼʮģӵܡͣŶûпϣȴΪһ˸еζ֣Ҫ˵ûƵĳɷͷѿǴŵġ

䣬˵λԵһԵб
ѶɶԷǳСԪֻ벻;ɱһҧ
ԼСο湻͵ģ׵ȷʵмֵȤζڡ
٣ﲻӲѾϿˡ

Ҿ˵еİɡ
ԣ׵ԳڵϿɣ̵Եɷ
ƽʱ׵ҪһĻôӵǼɲ΢΢

ƾٿԣ˻ϲǡ
ĶΣ֮ڵϴεĵβõĳɼ
Ҳʧ֮ɫԺʦ˵ûϣԼҲûϷԼӷҪһ⣬֪ж顣
ʵ棬Լӱ

׵ģǲεʧȴֲűˣˣҶӹȻңһˡ
ŷ᣺
ŷĿηŵ֣εץץףˣΪ׵ں

ԣkɫȴǹŹֵƽǡһƳüһ壺㲻Ҳ𣿻ǣû
ܴյһѣԣkҲǲɴӣǰ顣
üһֻϴصš

һ£ԣkٵҵ˵ģ˵ǾͲһȥˣҪֱӰҴʡǣ´ټ棬ܾ͵õȵʡǿԵʱҵһ°ѸĶ㣬˳ҺܴкȻ޲ɢϯһʽģû뵽ôزִ١

ͫ΢΢һһͦӡ
Ȼǰǲ֪飬ʱȻͻأź»в٣Ǻܿؾͻָģ

ģˣ
ǡ
Сӣһ׼ˡ̲סһ£Ȼ֪ⲻܾģһǾСӲҿʲôûи׼
ԣkЦˣ׼ܹʶǣǳΪͬѣѾ㹻ˡ

ԣkСͣ»Ļԣط̫ۣСĵλȴͥȡȱˣʶҵˣ֪νѡ
ԣkѾǳ

˶ںݵλܹôûй˼ɵദֵΨһġ
˵ˣûʶֵܣʢӵܡ
ԣkΪȻ

һСӣʱô˵˻ˣ
ֻʵʵ˵Ҳò˼

ǣԣkڰѶϣԣ볯ѵ˵ͷӶ˾ʽǵĶ顣



ԣһ£ʵֻǺͶӸ֪Ҳ֪Ķ֮һΪֻС£ԾʲôҲû˵
Էģ޲ɢϯ

Ƴ΢΢ʧͦӵЦˣ飬Ժֻ࣬С̬ɲʺ㣬Ҳָһᰲο㡱
ԵҲûָ㡣

ѴԲѵĻΪ׵еôӺʱοǼֵܣʱֻһݵģ֪ûõ
رҼﻹһȻ᳤ֵܻʲôӣǲ̫
ң׵˼ôǣԼ

һңûжپᣬһӣر̹Ȼ˵мˡ
ҪСӣӶڼϱĵĺ˱仯ͼ֣㿼ôõĳɼһܸˡ
ٺһЦҲϼڶڸ
һѼõĻ棬벻֪ϼҵ˶εҪ

ʱˣҪ׵һӣȴӰӶûС
Ѿźɫͷµݣϱ֬Ӻ޵ɫǺĲ౻ںɫµͷܹ׼ѿ
ȢʱżûзôʱȴǾûС
ǲˣ

ۼɩεУ÷ؿһڶС˵־͵͵سŮѾл䣺ճţҾ;ò̫Ծ׵ĳҳͷһұͲʲô£󷿻һϼףӻòԶ

ҵģ˵಻ŮˣԱ淣÷ʵšȻžǻϱɩǴ󲮸ԼģǹΪȢġ
ĸ֮ý֮ԡ
ڹ˿˳ġ
լʱ÷沣˸ԵëҲӲֱͦһˡ

Ѿ񣬶ýȥ¼վȺĴӵ£Ե˺ȺһĨɫŴף빧άȻ˿̰Χţȫ
ӣ¶޲һѵĨˡȻĨþз϶Լ

ӶԼҪ˲סͷӣ㻹˵ҵĴղųŵͷȻͲʲô¿ԡ
⵹ǵĵؿүүһ¿ɲܶСɽ˵òǲûǲҪ̫󡣡
Ļѻ϶ɢȥ١
Сͷ򶨵ص˵ͷģү϶󲮵ߥ޳ɹҾ뵽¡

Сͷֻû뵽»ô죬ϱɶûȢţǾŵزӣ
Ŀ⣬ػ侲ΪŮ򱧲ƽش㣬ѹûУŮһأߴر
Ķ˵ˣ˼ʵʡ

ϹͷһǰһأҲȥ߰顣
ҵһֵլˣʵǸ
ֻΪѾģְ̫صֱǱ͵һĹ

˵ĵλͬһϱǧС㣬˵رԹȻȫŴ󷿷򸾶
ôҲûصϲûɷΪ£һָ
淲ֻ࣬﷢಻ѡ

£ϱŪ
Ϊ޹ؽҪô˵رԹһĪرС
Դ淳ףɱӰΣһٶֹزͣѭԶûһͷ

ڴﶼǲҪɢʱȴȻƼӰӣѹǲԾϲûûûǿ׵ˣǽ׵ˣ
˳ߣŷȷʵһˣڳڵع

ҲһˣȻ½ҩĲǰװ׵ģ΢΢һУү̣ǲںһ㣬ôöԷ߲ơ




67.  Ļ   һ

Ȼһ߲ƣ
ͷ, ҿһЩˣҲǴˡӾ棬ӵٴϸ, ʱע⵽Ծĵط˵, ŵʲô
ǳԣ̫ţҲµó
Сͷ֪̫ŰԼô

˵ã͵سԸĶͷһ£ƻȻ򣺡ҺͿ, ͷ۹һֱ, ಻ظŪʮ꣬㻹ǰ״
̫ʵֻɣ

ү, ǻһλáЦ, ƣһ¿϶ڳʲô, ǿǧ˸ĵ, ȻһȥԺ󣬿ǲԵｻ
ǷԸ, ɲ뿴ʧ

µģҲűݺܹǺӵһƬТġ
ⲻźۼҴ۵Ľ䣬õĶ
϶ϱ⸱˵ģĸǸоرۣǾģƽʱզôõ
÷һ޹ҵһֱͦõġ

ЦͶ棬˾˵, ̫̫һֱŪ϶ϱ޶˵ţǴӺζ
ϲ£ѾΪʲôҪѾûǣһһĪѲɣ²ģ

ӰĸһǱԱ߻˱׵ˡ뷨ǾһЩ׳͵Ĵ󺺣ºҵˣҲʲôͬһ·ˡ

Ȼֻһ꣬ʮһֻ֮һҲһߵͣŮ˶㰫˵ڳɳڡ
Ҳһֻߣӵı˼ٶȿþˣһܶϣ룬ӦòǹģŪҵ£ⳤûԲһǽ

˾Ǵһܶµ˿ɶֳ׼ңǨ𴦵λá
߻ʵԶģҰӰûһɶﶨȻһ˿ҡ
ڴĴ󲮺ɶ˭ãһɵй

Ҫһ㣬˰ٵ׼ңŮҪ޻ңϼ׵ĹϵĪܹ
һأֲ鷳ĹϵҵŮ
ܵ׵Ӱ죬㿴Ҳǿŵ߯ǿýζ

ӵˣͼһ޶ĸˮݵϥǣȷ˵ж͵س¹ͷŮɵþһǼң㲻ǼҵĻŮɾû׵ĹŮҲû˹ɲܼȰͷˣ

Ҷȴͷһܡ
˾ùֻϧԽжܿĺˡ
֮ǰܹģζΪҲһһ
Գһ֮ͥ£ĸ¹¡

£ûзӦģܹѿ¡
˴˿̵Ŀ⣬ɱȸղŸࡣ



ȭͷɫյȫ뿪ڡ

֮ͬȷʵһТ˳ĹŮһݷǺ޲Ϊĸǽͣɷԥռ䶼ûУֱӱ̬ҪʲôæҲ˵Һ͵Ҳźðæ

ĸ֧֧ΣһԵĴ󺺿ɲͷ̫زݣͷǶһӣǷǶĳһӡǷծ̫ſ׿˵ˣĹŮŮ϶ǻæծġڲʲô³ֻ̣ҪܰӸ˳ǾŹһºһֽšǷծǮ쾭壬ǮòһֽţҲȨǵֵһֵծ񡣡

һӣ
վŵһȫǵһ
ⲻһǮһҮ
кö˼ңһӶ׬ӣֲʲô󸻴˼ңĵڶĳѹôծ

Ѿͷҡҡ׹һŵ㡢ǾȻǷˣ
ҸɳĴ£¼Լƿ첼ָǲ顣ϣմ˼ңӻˣŸ˼ҽס

淶̱ڵأôǷôǮ
ĸвǮǊǷģǊֵǷģȻżĲȵĳʱҲ֪ȻǷôӡ

ҿĳˣҪ˵ûбںͷţ
νʮľ䡣
ĳĴֶ֣ɷĸ̰ҲҰѷ·߶ţŵû뵽Լҳһ쿪ΪܿŶĲϴƵġ
ҶϣϲѳȨš
ΪûзּҵĹϵծ벻У¶ӵֽű˷ˣҵ׻ǵͿջĳȻ֮ǲð
ңĸҲ᲻ñӱ˷ֽţֻܰϣŵŮϡ

ĸŮ޽˼ңǸŮһʵˣȰһһӣﲻҪ׷ͺڷˣҊֵܣԊҲ̫Ƽ˷ֽ𣿡
ĸ̶Ůȴ·Ͻ̡
ᣬ˵þΪϲġ
ΪùŮĸԸذңСͽ̼ӣѧκƭԼҵ׽á϶Ǹ뷨Ϊ˵ؼᶨƣ

ĸȷʵ֪Ůһ£淹ȻˣԥãͿسҵģǰǮòã
ʶģ淾ذڳʾ̬ȫ֪Լҵɷûκϧ֮ԡ
ʮͬһ·˶߼֡

ı仯˲֪ݷΪһһծؿڣſھҪһ浱׼ģ
۾һƳһ۲Ϊ

÷ǲŵģզ˵ԹԣǵĴֶŮԭôֵǮѹִܹô⡣ҼҵŮƾǵҲûҪҲ̫˰ɣ
⣬ǲԽ÷ûлģúƭȻŹŮ󣬱ƭ˵Ļȴֺһߡ÷ûֽȴģŮȲĻ÷ȻҲͬ١
䣬Ѿ£ϵˣýȴϵˣý˵ףҲǲ֮

һȥϵʮĴ䣬ûһġ
ֻٲҵ˼ң⳯͢ͻһǿƻ䣬ǿĻûһõġ
ƣһ͵üӿŲѴŮ޳š
÷ɴü޹Ůһôѵ顣

ѾûǵĻĸʨӴſڸסѾӵʲôëŻþһ˼ֻΪ˼޽˼ң
ѾǾδؿڣԭǰһֱǺӻһ
ʵ̫ˣ

ͬҲ̾ΪֹȻ̾ԭǴȻܹһھܾһӣܣ



һ𾪵ɷ

벻֪žò˼飬һѵ˵ҼʣſھһӣѲɲ֪Ƕ˼ҵĶծƾʲôƽʱüǮȥңҶһֻ۱һֳֻۣôĿȻҪڊǊҪСҪ

添ɷԼĻòҳ粵ǣҰôܹң

ͷҲ
ʮͬĻѵôһأҲֻ֪ǊңҾûɷģðһծġ

ѾϰɷԼģ̲סǰ׼صǰģ˵ҵԼңҸĸ㸸ĸǰĳŵ𣿡
˽淶˵˳ӵɫѿ٣ΪӣҵĸĸԴȶԴͷҪĲ١
һĶӡ

Ҳң˼ҲûкһͷŮ˵ģҲŮ˵ѴԣûӺͶϱТ˳һͷֻѪ˼ң½γɽȻԱȡ
ķֶ֮ˣ½һͷҲзģ˼ҾʹܺãմֵؾԲմ
ϴƫƫŵġ

ûҲûôûзִŮˣͷһΣǰչֳ˽ıԣƲζ˵ô꣬ΪʲôزﶼһӣҶܰǊ͊һӣʱһأ⵽˭ȽϹݣ

˻һһվһͷǻΪ˲Ϊôòʵ塣
ǣϱöǾԲȥҪ

Ů⻰ʲô˼ĸһǲ𣿡
ĿһƲұͲӦùܣҲûһȥܡ

ƭˣݷ̼ܵȻУؼҸӣôûȥܣ
ܲˣ淲Ըعɴƹˤԥ˺Ϊѵ
һ˵ĵֶŮһüǮСȴǱ˶ԣа˳Ͻʿϣ󷿷޲ּۻ۳˵ĺüǮ
ӣҲһݹͣ

˾ѡ
÷Լĺ˳ˣҵﰡŮһѣ
ѾæԾТģλǾģĵؾ棺ɱʲô⣬ȻСĵˊ
÷

ѾѹĶӣ˴⣬ȻһЩʶζָ⣬Ҫָ׸۶Ͽ
Ȼûĸҽӡ
¹ؼ棬Ҳܹתúܿ죬粵ûǵСңǶӵĿҩǮҪһծǲˣǵĶǵÿҩģ

ʱ򣬴ļȷʵһ̽ޣһزǻ
淵ıһƺǶӻóҩһ¡

û뵽޸ô꣬ǵСңվǱȲϊңҶԊʵ̫ʧˡҲǲǹʧһ̾ȻȻһһⶼֻңһ犅Ըظһŷ顣
ҹҹУ޵뷨ʵ˲ٻأĴ棬޵ͷҲͼز١
Ҳ޷

飡
淵ǰڣ㡢Ҫң
ĸͬɵۣŮŮ㲻ۼҵĹŮ˵Ļҵծզ찡
Ѿͬһ

½˵ˣӶҪˡ
ԣλȻܹϵĺݣǊʼնûɷģѾεĻᣬδζʧ
ȴ˵ǣһףٶ̨棬Ǽ٣ҿΪһӣ㲻ܾң
ӣ£ƺӵʮ㣺ӣǶҵĹϵͻһģ

󷿷޵˴۽硣
ѾΪѿ챾ϲ£Ϊʲôģ



ĳĴ󺺣ȴģһЩӵ̬ȣ󺺸ŭ
ͷͷĴ󺺣ôҲһ
Ϊ˸һֱӳӣҶӵϸһ£ʾϡ
һûôãǵ˼ǲԸæծˣ

Ԥس֣ŵϱ죬ĸȴǴڶʹĸģѵÿ޺Ů㲻ܲǼҰ
վӲˣһʹﶼŵһأϽƲߣǸЊĶҪˣҲҵĶҪˡ

ûʵĻĸܹܣ
Ǳ˵ĺˣŭ𣬶򵨱Ҳǲ̫ɣСƽӰ䵽
ٵĹϵпɣĸȻ֪ҵĺӡ

ûбźӣʵСС棬μϲ磬в˴źӹĸͲǷĵˣûһθǯסҲܹ׾ٵؾѿˡ
ĸĶ̫ͻأҵˣԼˣһһȺȥ˭ϲͼ

УٵͫǺݺݵһǽŵغƽ
ֻΪĸĿȷʵĶӣ

ֱͬľţⲻҪ̫ţҵӸʲô
ĶҲܿ죬ĸ˲䣬ѾͷϣһľӣѾ㣬ͷҽٲһӻ

ϣĿ֮£Ѿӵļ˲ֱ֣ӾͳĸСȶ׼һ˦
ֺĽǶȣôؿӣش̽ĸŶ˫֣ʹԵڵء
ĳͷĴɵĶҲͣ

ȴĸ׵ˣ
װûѾһرõܣЦеСƽøȥүү档
ⳤúܺÿʱɫԵøػۡ
ԭСƽһ޵ģ˵һһУСŵˡÿø糯һЦСĪزˣСƽֳЦݡ

ر𵭶رźӣصվšżǰӹӣ׵ģľУٵ
Ҳ˳ֵذѺӽСƽ֣λ庢Ҳһ׵ģСƽҪĻȻͲһúӡ
ٿ̹Ķӣɺһмллˡ

ΣѹѾüذֲʹˡ
ҽŰ÷һЦע⵽ͷɢĹŮѵеģȥ˽ͷһͷ



ĸһٶŭ
ﶼվٵˣͬղδ޶񶾵׼ңŹ

淵Ľһֵ﷢֪޶ˣ޻תء
ȻһĸǱΣɻ˵κֵĻ
ã봹۽ݣĵ³һףҪҿԣӣҵ÷һ룡
Ҳطܣ

ٴ̧ͷʱ̺ˮӣ˿ֻһƬɬ
Ӧõġ淲ˮҪαװϳв㲻ӷһ룬ô˵һЩ˵Ļ
ȴǴûʶһԼõ淶ĸ飬Ȼ˵վգ
Ϊĭķ޸飬ȻԳ

һ
ǳȫ֪ҲŸزãֻóһЩǮҩҲ֪ǵĶôİɣûܡ
淶ԹŮĺݵģȴе
Ҳû˵ٻǮõøɴࡣſھҪһ룬ĵȴһʮɷԤڸø࣬ҲԸһãʣµʮ͵һ⡣

ѾһΪ̵ĺɫ£Ϊյǣʱ˿ȴ˿һۡ
˭޵죬ؿ׵ȥд飬ԼӸģ

һ߸еЦһãѾվҧҧ
ĬĬߵ淵ԣСط㊅һɡ
Ѿ

ѾӲͷƤЦݣȻĻ˲ǰҵˣһŮ޶վҵˡ
ѾҲǺһѣΪǷ¶ծˣҪ޵ɷ򣬷ھͲѡ񡣲ò˵Ѿ˻ǾģֻмЦɵӣѾһӾ˲١
ѾҲ濴һ𳤴ý㡣

һ־磬Ŷĳȥ混ĸصңҲʽĻ
ûɵӭףѾǸصң޵ķʽû˼˶Ǵ۽һء
죬ɱϷ̨ݵҪֲ࣬ó˵ϷϷ




68.  ӵ   Ҳǻġ

ŰѲˮ, ̼ĵطûµĲˮ˳Ķ, ǷӦ, ر١䭾ûôˣʪСϳίĨĨˮͷȫһֵ֮ĵùģ

䭵ǰԹһ򣺡硭
ⓓ, , ˼̼ѾҵСܡ
ǸǸεذѲ豭£ⲻ̫ײ澫ɣͷģμ穡, , ٰҲִ̫٣ôͲܵһأ

װ״һϷ, ź, ֱòͷ
ƲƲ죺磬ҴϼҲҲɶû

Զе˵, 䭶ڴţӲشһ֣צĵܡ
ΪСֺԼ̫ˣ

䭵ҲǰֵģϤ˵£ǻ¡
䣬Ϊκܺã䭻Դ󷿵Ķ£Ｋ, Ҳͺүһס䭲Ǵ۽š
֮£ԼҵӣƽˮҲûС

޲ģһ֪һ룬һ̫ɫӵػֵһֿۣҲôһ£Ҳ֪үү̫̼ܲİɣԣϷҲôÿģҿľüأлĻһ뻻ϳ
ŵóѣԵڵص˼ң¶ûˡ

𣿡ͦԲԵǻ϶ˡ
Ҳҡҡͷ˵
⣺ĵֵܣ

ܲʪʪĸоӣŵŵشܻӻ·⻹ûܵӣͼ׵ź
һתСȳ׵ʵڸ

Ѳܱӿӵúϱú˼ѣöӶծȴǼТĵǰġ
㻹һӲǰġ

Ѳôһ룬½ȴǡɵش߳һСӺƱʪǱһУôŪ⸱ԣ￴һһ
ԴСӣϱǺͷϸ꣬ȴûغô
ȻƤ֪ɶ£ʾѰע⣺ϱ

׵װǲôӵغëһƲĴһ棬С治֪ʲôΰĸ飬ܹĵһС
ӣɶɵΪԼǱαװӸƭ֡
ȻǲõǣǰѾ½ǼĺһˣĴڣѪһ棬ӿ϶ܹҼʶһ¡

Ѷңںˣһ֮һֻݣ½ܹƿ߶ȵ
ӣɶΪԼֵĺŮˡ
벻֪½ǵȼ۵ģһƶһߣ̶ȲɷҲڣӶûƫȻӡһܹѳ

С۵ľٶǲ㿨˿ǣȺӾûһʡĵģôȥ
½ѾʹͱֳΪذ˰֣˵㻹ȥһˣŪöҲˣҲ˼һֱ׵Ȱɣ
ԼûţǲУһӾһŷҡ

ȻϣѵȴǲģԾϱеĵλûжҡ̺ش˴Сӵͷһ䣺ȻǊҪҾȥһͷչ˶Ҳ̫ġ
䭣׵
½λ͵ؾǴӡ

СӸǣΪĻָ
ֲãӶӵģְֺޣƽپܿӵʱҲǲŹκλᡣ
²öСӾҲ׸С
Ҳǻġ

ϱûմѾû̫ͣãյסӣ͹ŷͯԣû
ˡ

ʮֲãһ֧ⲻֻǻӣԾԵڡ
ϴ޷ֱʵӰ˼ҵ顣

һ룬ӲΪһ룬ȴܹ޾ٶմĵ˼ãҲټģ֪˵ˣһϵˡΪĹϣǰͲϴϱò֪
벻ͨ飬ҲٷѾȥ룬ô֪ܹ϶ã̫ŽģܹͲҪ鷳
ȻΪףһ£ⲻ鷳ϲ¡

鼫õЦСЩҿ㶼һɶ
ûȻܳϵֻǣû˵һȷʱɲܹҡ
Сӿ϶ˡñӽݣС˵˭Ҳ˵㣬ҲƱһ
ѣû뵽ͦ˽ģ

ǹֲ˼ģʵҴŲŶԣıû˼
ֶӺԼҶӿɲһͯԼӵļޣ˼ҵĶӿǻͷһſԣ¶ʲô¡
ֶţɾͿɾͱСܻҪ͡
Ҫ˵Ľǿ϶Ǽٵġ

ʲôòģ¹شӵϲ£֪۵ͷҲǻ͵ˣֲˣֻ˼ҳһϲҲ̫š
˵ͷ˵öԣֲڴˣֻ뼸ѣûʲôùǵġ
̯̯֣ааɣô˵Ҿô

ĲĵرģƣƲɵӡ
ѣɶң

ӵջߣȻŲ˼ֻĵԣôӵģ
Ծ֪Ľ̶ӵķıͬŹ֡
벻֪֪ͬ

ǻ飬֪ӵһ֣º룬رȣ̫̫񲻽Ź졣
̫£ϸĶӣ̽ʵСӣǲǻŲ飿
ٱӿһصѣ

ûһסţʲôվһֻϺ꣬ڵÿϵ飬ǲҲһ
ӶʱȻÿ϶ӽгţ̫̫ƣǽ̱ȥˣ

ڣ´Ӻζ
ΪҲûɵʣƮ˼ţԭԼҵӣϷĳ˵˫ȫ
Ҫð˰ɣ




69.  69   ͵û̫

ֹ, ѱһ߲Ҳֻûʿѯʣ磬ʲô, 㶼, ѻףⲻǵʱ𣿡
Լĵֱܽ׳
ϰĵҲᵽȷʵһЩ󵽱˵£λǸ, ҲǲøôỰ
, ΣĶզҪƵġ

Ʋӣֻñ, ǼٱŪ, ͦеġ
ѣģ϶û, Ҫʲôͽɡ

Ƥܵס, Ǹֻһ, ʶ꣬ǵĽ϶ܺõİɣ
һ㶼ÿɳܵģаɡ
ΪĽΪĽʵϲԶءȻһ·ϣ˲ĵĺûҲѹᡣ

ǰѾһ˵, ֮һ
Ľ飬ҲĪһף٣ڶԷǹĽ飬ܲ
дᣬ㱻˿һʱԵھֵܶвӦѾȰˡܹȱػؼңǹûΪѵõԭѲֻûЮԱѹͲӹŪҲֻþڲᱨһ£ʡƻ˫顣
ֻ˵Ǽõᡣ

ԶĵܵĻŤŤ볯һ£ϱΪô
ѵüһ飺磬㲻Ļ壿
һԴģ²ģ̬ʵǺᴦȥ롣

𣬱ɱˡҧͷԼ˵˻æسҺ·ĵģⲻнɶŮ׼ҵ뷨Ҳһʣϱһôˣ

ŮٲôҲͰѹŮ޳ţѾǶһӣ뾡ΪŮһżҡ
ǴˣȻʱڴżҵӹΣ˶۾Ƶġûһô̰۹Ҳôߣƶް°Ҳûд̫͵˼ѡ

ʵϣʹŮǰҲпϲٵĺ˼ң˭˼߯ƲϴŮ˵һûġ
λӿ˺óɼһ֮ǰܾ˼ңýţ˵Ů£Լرѻ
ǰƲ

ĿƱ䲻˵׼ҵƷҲԶ׼⡣
Ӱǰ׼Ҳ͸㽫ͣϵذԭΪĺ˼ңȫ޳еС
޿ɺǵģżҸӶɵ
ȻСòͦŵģԼҵĴŮͬҲǰԾ˵鶼һЩ

ԼҵĴŮǳŲµˣżĴڣǳӣԺ϶ú͹סһ𣬱Ͼ˼Ҷһ
ܳ£ŮӾͲ÷㵽˷ּҵһ죬ͷҲǲ̫ġ
࿼֮£Ȼżһżõ׼ңĿǰֻϱΪˣû̫⣬̸̣ܾס

ǾȻҪɶŮ׼ңѵ΢һ£ȷʵһЩϣλǺʱɹġһ·ϣɶûмֶߣһʣ𣿡
ľһ黹ٵ𣿡
ûС棺ǵһû͸¶⻹

Ů£ܹ£
һۣǲɹĻͰװ׵ػ˹ŮΪֻСӾ޹ؽҪÿɻӣһ̥йŮĻ׵ģҿҲǲ˶١
ѣ磬㻹ú죬ھͿΪ
ѵˣԼҵĺӶûгܳˣ˭ܵˣ

ۼϽסˣֺһЦҲ˵͵ûţ͹ȥ
ѻ˻˭̸£ϱҼ棬ּ׼ƾ䣬ҲԸ

ѹصϱУһˬˣеǻˡŮҪϱúദǧѧǵǰɩ˼ҺгԹģԿ϶ˡ֮ǰʲôӣԺʲôӣϱǽӣҲûŮ򸾶Դºӣǲƫеġ
֮
֮£Լҵﶼǲ˼Ҳ٣˼ûŮë
Ȼ͸˲٣ľöӲǮϱŮʱ̫̫ҲֺǺǵġ
Ϊˣöõͼ޵ľȷ顣

ƫ𣿡һ£ô˵»ٺòĸ϶Ҳĥˡ
䣬Ŷ׵£Ů޽ȥӿ϶Ҳ̫
ԾõϢȥ

飬ѿûвȥżҵ飬ҵĶŮȻиȱ㣬˶಻
£ŵﶼǲġ



͵û̫ãϾĶ̫࣬Լҵֵܿ϶ǵģ峤ʹ峤Ҳǵġ
ǰߣ˸дߣ˼ҺĽɺء
ڣףӹͯԣ˼ңȻҺ½ҡ

ٻûжٵ뷨Ķķ뷨
Ȳĵܵܣ
ǰߥޣΪţкӹʵǵŹ
ò˵Ѿ׵
ɶΪֵӿ϶ʵ

⵱˼ûмֵԸȥġ
Ͼĺĵٵֵܸ顣

ӭŴС飺һͷλѾˣǻǺһ
ʯҲа㰲ţҪմմϲ
ʯɷģͬһôã峤ϱͺý㽻٣˵ǲĲ졣

ʯͦȻعأý㣬ϲ
ͬϲͬϲ÷ĵ֮ԱһɴûôüϵϲɫѾ졣
ҵģɺ˵ˣֶӵĴȫܻΪӸϰղܵһͯ
ҵ˿ɶĽˡ

÷һһͷȵˡ
µĸмûȥк⣬½չˣѵ㵽Եر顣
ʯֲǲ˽ýˣɺʵý㣬ʱ͊沵ĸôˣ




70.  ʳ   һóԵĲɫ¶ǣ

ڽӳԷ, ½һͷģʯѹɤɩڴԲѵҺ沵ĸһֱܺð
½

½Ѹתע, Ҳȥעڵ
һóԵĲɫ¶, ΪθԲȥǵöϧ
Ȼ½ôûȴ, ǳһ, ʳʵĴڡ

ĸѲŲкˡ
½½ĸڵ壬˰ڼ, ҲԸϼԴ½Ҷϡ
ǰ, ½ҲǷּˣ½½ĸǳʮ, Թ˵Ĺ۵, ʮǳˡ½ҵļλֲ֣ûհ, ½ҶϲҷּңﱲļȢĵųɵļҵסٳһӣǼѪ鷳£ΪöһЩ꣬޶ҲǿԲһ֡

һûͼֽһж֧֣ѧһأ֮һΪ½ˡ½Ҷ, ƫĺӣȷʵ½ϹŮŮĺΨһ֪
ƲңֻǼٻ
һκǮƣ½ҵĳӳϱһ֪ġ

½ľǴδӴ½ҲʱĵߣͼֽֻҪͼֽ½ܹƾɣ¯գҪӲһš˷ľҪϸСģͷķѵʱ䣬˶ƵĴͼҾߡ
˳½ҶƵļҾߣ½һطָɣܹճʱ䡣

½½Ϊ˲ȱڡ
Ⱦɫʣ뾫ͼڵĻƾѵ粻֮࣬ƽôɵڴ
Ϸʢ͵̣ĸŻȱνӵܣ˼ȱٵģϡֲʧݵ֮
һأֻ׬

ѲֻΪ½Ҫ֪۹ˣǴȱԶŵ̼ңȻͼֽ棬ҲͳһոǮƵ·ӡټϣزתĵط֣һҲѹ˶ġ
˵ĵλѵչ£˭Ļﲻ࣬ͷȴ治١

ŮΪλԶӣ
½ҶֻΪǱۣϹŮؿչ룬Ǯ·Ҳ͸͡

ŮһΪ½飬½֪Ҳ˼ңϾѧգǴϿʼ
ﶼڶ飬½Ҳ֪Ů㳤̣Ǯ·ֻǶ֮ԼҵļҲ
¤񣬿ǳԡ
½ɲΪǮһ£Լҵ϶ŮûбҪ½һӡ

½ĪΪٵǮܹʹּңӳϱȻҲɣֻϧ½½ĸǶ͸¶ûУҲץӷε޽֮ա
ŮŮТ˳½ǸģȻһ塣

½ĸˡ
ĸûŶΪŮţѾǵģ뷴ͷ⣬ΪֵĶţ
ȥɣ

Ůһ£½ĸͳַ
˭ǵˣ̫̫һϧŮ̫£ϰּȰ˵С
½ĸվǱ˵ɹ

ŮֻҪһԶӣ½ĸʳ
һʶͷĻ磬˵Ǳ仵ױѣ̫̫һСľͰѹŮˡ
䣬½һõӣ½ĸ̲סһԼˣ֪Ůļҵ׿Ҳǲ١
ǮˣԺ󻹻ԼҹŮһ

˿̣½ǳһüһѾҾ֪̫ˣҺȰɣҵʢŹȽˬ
½ȻıȽˬ
Ҿ֪Ŀζѵɫ⣺ˣ˱Ƚ̿ڣɱ̫죬С̵͡
½ͬȷʵһЩ̣ζͦõġ

ѸϽ˵ҵģҲûʮȫʮҾҲùˣ϶ᰮԡ
½ﵱüţһЩԲȥ
ۣû£Բ¾ͳԲ£⼫Ϊۣһˡ
УִڣҲ


½ҵļϱϸҭûţСӵɷ򣬿ʮһյӡȻСӵòûʲô𣬵ϵ˲ϲɵƽգһһޣɲǰӣֻûӰˡ
½ҵɩǣԱһԼɷԹԵذǷһӵĺòˣԵøûûζġ

СŮˡ
ڼҵʱĸֵϳţԺɷ۳裬µĺӶͣҲٷֺ
ЩҲͰˣŵǣ˼ҵĹ沣꺮ůͷŪżңҡ

Ů˵ϣЩɩӵģʶ̫
ʵ̫ˡ

ɩӣ˿̶ʲôǵĺøһŮ˵ĺø
½ĸ

½ĸĽᣬ½һѧŮĶһòˣŽ½ĸƵ˵ϹģŮŮĸأûԷ޵񣬱Ǹճ׵һҪŨ񼸷֣
½ĸͷһ½һõһڣ̫̫ҲЦˣ鷳ûҹŮҵģһĸٺҲ

һ˫أ½Ȼϰ鰵ʾͬҲǻһЦ
˴뱲ӵĸ飬һоڲС

½ҵĶϱǣ



½һĶСҲǿ
ŷʵ˵ĸ黹һá
ⶼ˷ۣǵ׵Ƥҩǵﲻš
ͣ¿ӣһѪز׳Դס
⣺Ų㡣

䭲£Ϊмһ磬ЦˣҲҵϲ£ǿɱ泳˵϶뿴ǳܣɻޡ
ӳһСܣǲ˵ʱϲ

һӵСҲûŮ֣֮Ѿ֪Լ׵˼ңȴŮػ룺ҲԺɷǲҲһôġ

ķĽȫȻͬ
ʲôϲ̯ף֪ý㼴׵Ķ˭ķֵܣǸϽ֪سϵϯˡ
ţζȻ

ѾûֵõУ㣬ҵ˼ңһЩ飬ѾСһģɶ޳š
֮⣬Ǌġ
벻֪˻˷ЧѾҡҡͷҿɲӻˣһӵĴ£ݲúڵġ

û˼ɣʵҲôȱۣ̼һѾ
ԵѾôô˵ġ
Լҵĵ롭ǿҲͬķӦɣ




71.     ֵܶԹ׵

ҵƳ, ܵһºϾ˭ͣôޡ
ŷСͯ, Ϊյ, ȻܵҺ½ҵĳӭһѲҪǮĺûһһ
ǳŷŪ첱Ӵ֣ԼӵӰ, ˭ܺЦӦһе, 峤˲ٴεĺӣ֮ɫǲԶ

һ֮УȻֻһ֧, 峤Ľ, ۽缫ΪҪνļͶܡ
һ֧Ĵ̫, һٲһ, ٹʮ꣬¾ҪȻڡΨһǵջԻ͵, Ҳֻʣ峤һϵͼҪһ̤ײĵˡǰĺڴѹ̫ɶټǵãңʵҲλһҵС
ֻͨĸҡ

֧һϵ˲ű̫ܼ࣬鳼Ⱥ
һЩʯˮˣʵֻ֧, Ǩѣܹ˳Ϊ֧ǹû
Ŵҫһپ٣һ
峤һ֧ԭҲͷȻиΣ峤Ӹ׽Ծ縺

ѧͷչ¶ͷǺ󣬾Ѿ۲ķΧ峤Ϊܺõܣ벻֪ͱ˽Ҹ׳졣
ҫʲôģѲ޹ؽҪ
һֲǹˣ¶ôͱָλһͬܡµùεģˣǰͷѾһܸɵģԼСֻ

֪
ôûãϵλ٣⻹

ŷûôãԱȴͬˣѾ
٣ʯϾ뷨϶ǲۣý㣬һӣԺ϶帣ġ

³ͯȻ޷˰ǳ͢һɱǰͯʵݡܶʱһ۾һӽпధͯŹ˼Һôֿܹ
ʯﶼΪүү۹̫ãһյǰڿͷĶ˵һһĴӣʯˮܵ۸
ԼҵĵܵҲͯûҲһǶʮ꣬żѿһ֪ͯųӣԶеס

õĻǺۣ÷Цúϲ£졣
ȻҲġ
ɾ治ΪµĺӦ£÷⣬μġΪ˵ʣǵµĺӣ÷Ӧˡ
ԼҹŮʱʱв÷û˵ϣŲѧǰɩزһףڵӹò



ǰɩ飬ŽϾ÷Ѿ𣬸˵½ǺλĴڡ
½ɲǶɩӣǰͼٽӴ淣޼ָ޹ؽҪˣ

ļӣϰ븸ĸС顣
ǰϯͷСĵС£½ﶼδ̽һǾȴչһ

½ԺҵĶͣˣɫЩ㵵Ѿ˵ȥؼҹѾ
иһЩɹ޺ΪϱҵǣѹȫڵͷǲΪؽӵⲻҿŵζĲӬ淺ȻܴӺؼŪӣҵҪаְɣ
ֱüѾ̫ˡ

ⶼ⻹粻Ҫء
˼ĲСȻǳķ׵ȻһˣŮġ
ͻۣҲΪϻۣʱһ۾ܿʵ࣬ʱʱ˵ʡĻ
׵ȱ㣬һ֮࣬۹ȴû˵ġ

ҵ˻ǲײĲᡣ½ıζҲ֪飺ǰĴǰֵֽǩ¶ϾϵЭ顣ǴѾļȻҲԭ򣬵һֽЭ飬үҲȻҺҲ޹

ؼңȻΪѾ׼£׵ǩЭ飬ûнˣҲѹ˻ΪŮǼŮ
Ȼ½ȴִԼ˵֪ؼҵĵĸҲûѾŮˣ˼ҿҹӣôѾؼҳݹáй
һ£ûҲ룬һ̵ҲƵû
ؼҵĵĸһȤˣ

½ûжǿںؼңɷһӣѾôܹȶգ󷿷ܹһعŮܲϵڶأ
ŴĸĸѪԵǼѳǣؼȻƲһͷŵţҲܹסֶŮ
кûϡ

ڿֱ֮ǰã󲮸磬ϵķ飬һȷʵǺ룬ʵȴҲһֽ
³ȻſŮ˫룬һùȴзΪŮҵȨλԶʤзҪûԼĺӣ⻹治һ¡
淲ȴҲûҪΨһĶӡ
ڣҲ֪׳

½ΪһŮˣȻϲƽĻ
Ȼǰɩһ£⵹һֶܹŮ׹

ΪѾҸ淣ֶŮȴŮûкؼЭ飬ѾҲز淵Ҫ
˶
˵ֻֽûбӵĵţ

ֻӽĻȻӡ֤½Ĳ²⣬Ϊ˵ֲãѾ˵ؼҵĴŶ벻ãֱӱ⡣
ⲻǷϻ˼ҵǰ׸ģѵ˿ݷؼͬͦƲ϶Էġ
ϷʣҿǰĴûҰʵ˵øǻ֪λͺؼдôһֽɣ

ҡҡͷǣһʱһ
Ϊʲô˵۾ģҲǲһЩδ

һٶѾ˱˼ζŨӦǣǵǰĵײûвʲôˣֻΪкܣƭԼ˽׵ĺͷ󲻹ҸжˡںûˣӲͱ𣿷ֺαشĺ֣

һⲻǺӲƽ޹ʵ𣿡
ǣϻ治ȱˣǵĴﲻͷһҲһζ浹ǲŵزѾȢϱδԼΪ֮ɡ
ķֵܣ

׵ʵ̫ӣһֵܶԼδӣͻûпϵ˼˿ٵڴС
ĵǣ׵Ϲ۵ķ޸顣

ҳԶ˺ҲܺãԳһЩٳԻȽϺáһ̣ƺԴ˼ٵҼǵÊ˵ˮҼǵɽбȽϳһɽȥһЩԣȻһˮҲͦġ
ˮ𣿡½üһ䣺ڵȷʢӣôһ˵һһЩˡ

ĸദֵܶԹ׵
ôӵ׵ΪʲôܹȢôõ




72.  ȫ   һ֡

, ѾǴ֪ؼҵ£

ʯˮ嵽жεľ롣
С·ƫƧ̡˵һ, ޱҪز, ĸ˼ңһ¶ȥһء
ӵĻúķѣһĲࡣͨ˼Ҿҵҵһ, Ҳʹϼӡ˭, ʱʱһˣ
ǻǮĿӡ

ҵֲǮ뵽϶гܹͬС
רʹţ, Զһ·ȫࡣ, պϵһȻúϼǮ, ͼþʡʱʡ
Ȼ, ߵϣʱͱװ˷ѡ궫, ƫƫϻͷ·һɶɣ

˵ŮǮǴļ˿̾ٲѾ
û˲ٳһҵĵȻܹά״ҲʵۼѾͷ˴áʱȢһλ, ѾԼһɣٲǶҲûĸӻӭģȻһ죿

ѾĹ
֮ǰĵ׻뷨ϢԴͷҵ

һ죬ĴСˣɽȥˡȥժӣµкǲ׵רǰӲҲҪһšңٹڣֵʡǿԣ˵ýһݽϣһֱ鷴ʲ¡
ԴӶ飬ֵܾͦᰲԼʱ䣬ҲӸ棬ֻṩᣬҪʲôδҲΨֵܼԼȥ

ò׼û˶ţ½ڲʱСɽֻţ֪ؼһ£Ѿġ
ӻ湻̹еġ

ԭȻûô࣬ͷȴֵֺԾý㣬ʱµı飬ƺǴܴǲ˵˲˵ĻһƬɫֶΪѣ½ԭȹŹֵ뷨Ҳʹɢһɶ

䣬ԥΪһЩ飬ǷһŵʦҪʦȥһ˺ؼҡ˵⼸꣬ؼҹӵ֢ʦרעģлؼҡؼҵŮ죬ǹȥԺҲһؿһƽ֪Ĵý㣬ȷʵصĹؼҹӵ壬⹬⣬ʵʲô⡣һҪģҵĺͷ飬ԻǾһ

СɽĪѾĴͬҲëģԷáë˼ҵżҶ⣬ƫƫҪ벻ģȻСɽס
Сɽü⸱̬ôϧ޹أ½۽Ƕʱһ顣
ˣ˭˵ģԼСͼӿСһʲôϵļ

Сɽģ½Ҳùʲô⣬ͶɻĿ⣬ƽЦʵԭҲǺӳţٽҽֶŮĹ֪ѧģܶʱ򲻺͸¶̫ࡣ
Сɽƣǣݵġ

û½ﲻ˷ѧϰģԼҶӼ֪ԭĵϸͬʱĵҪ׷СĽŲѧϰҽҩ»ᡣ
ȥСɽﰵʦ̵ܽСɽڣ½ʱʱҲһҽ顣
һԴδϹ̧ʦͽĬǳغá

ʯֵ֮ˣ½Сɽеĸ׽ɫ̵ӣ˵һΪʦΪ½ֲеģСɽСͣ԰仰ΪһΪʦΪĸ
Ϊλ̵ĴڣСɽһ£ȻоԵĶ񣬵ͬʱҲоԵơ
٣λûκλرظСɽŤһЩĹϵӲ˵״̬

СɽĺԴǰġˡû취һĺˡ
Զƶ񣬲ĳһЩӦõġ
Сɽ۽Ͷһ㵭Ӱ

⺢ӣһͷˣֹ鷳ɣ½Ծһĵؽ飺ҪҪҸ壬ȥǣ
Сɽһ飺̣ˣһܹԼ

ѽֶζײУСɽǵģȥһӣ᲻̫ȻСɽĴʴȣǲմϰ˵ѪԼ黹ԼȻԽһЩ顣

½˵ͷȻд㣬ҺͲˡ
û¡Сɽһɣ뵽ʲôʵ̣ȥؼҵʱؼҵĹ𣿡

Ů죬Щ˼ңҰ˼ҿɲһ˼Ůء½ҡҡͷңҲûлؼҵĹӡ˵ֻڴϴ𣿡
͵͵̽˺üΣȷ˴ֶŮ޵ɷȷʵӹǼˡ

Сɽȴüҥԣʱ̫ʵ
ǰͲϲν̾ǱڵĺŪԱ½˲űë
СɽԴ½ޣ֮СɲԴԱǲӵʧˡ

½ɫһ⻰ô˵Լ˾Ȼѵп۵ʱ
Ȥˡ

СɽʱѹидʵؼҹûһУ֮һʱ䣬ܹ߶ġҲʲôǴ˼ɵģ˵Ǳ¶ġ
½ͫ΢΢һ¶

˼Ҳ؛@ɹ֮£СɽǺؽƵ¶ˣ˵ֻǺعӸ׵ĳ檣ƻкعӸ׵ֽͷ
ɣСɽҲв˵ĸĸԶλعӣСɽͬĸо

½£üԭؼôҵ𣿡
õģڵûôҡ̰ģСɽӵΪؼ£Ѿڵĸϣ¶λףһѾˣһǱο
ⱻˣ˵Ҳܲ³һ

½üһɣǷʲôǹǣ⺢ӣ˵ô̳£ʵûнⶾ֮ɣ
СɽѧһЦ̾Ǵϻۡ
ϵģ½ȴҡҡͷҿɲ֡

Сɽ¶죬Ƽ½еЦٵȻ֣;ĻҿΪҲµûʯǲûݣүӡʦϧûҽҩûݣɲֱӾͰߡ˼ǿ㣬Ҫ֪ҽǲּҵģʦԽⶾ֮о꣬üĿǿһ֣ͳʱժҵ˼汾µˣκؼһ£϶ܹѧϰ࣬ɵúúõذջᡣ

СɽȻ
ѧҽ֮·һֱй˰̵ĻඥԭЩǶĳȫ
Сɽɫ̣ҲÊʧġ

㡣½ĳɾ͸ȷʵ١
ؼҵĴǽ˶ѾҲ͵øڶһºվǲǲ鷳ĻͰһδѾĹô˵ҵĺӡ
СɽԷθ̾ѵòŷԸһΣǻ鷳ҵóʲôˣ

ʵϣСɽ֪ë
ѾֻǹѣСɽȴǴС庮ڶܱ˿һ֡




73.  ؼ   һ

ؼҡ
̬, ƵóӵмýڲסţǶ긻ؽȾ, ɵĴ̬

ؼҵĵĸ, ԼĪ˶ٵ͡
ݣλ׼ңòʤ١
һǵÿԼΪ, һסԶں
ǮƵŮ, ֻҪƴԼǴﵽı

ĸշļױؼҲǿ׵ļױ, ųųٻȻ, ˾ĵڶ, һȴֱѵֱ׳
ĸʵԵ۽ϸơ
ͭеĸ, ݷŮصͬˣµĲп, ȴʡ
棬עһõĽ仯

˶ౡңֻǡһʼҾֻǱõĶ󣿡ĸôźŮʱڵᷢū˵ҿرشɼ
Ϊһִĸͣϵᷢ, ۵С㣬̫ն֮αװūҲһƭɹģ˭ǵĺؼңһ־ʹԻͣϵһԣңҲϊӣ

ãѾջ̫̫ĳƺ
ΪһؼҸǺĸһ֮УĴΪĸϸˣԴƳĺڣϵĳƺ˱仯
ĸڳĬҲδıĽз

ԣӣǿҵķϣ˼ұϾлƣؼŵڿɱȲ˼ҡĸĨ֬޺촽꣬ǣŪ֮ɫʲôԭ˼жҲǿĶǸˣƾʲôΪܸȡ󣿡

ʵ֣ٶȣô졣ҲʳӣӬӪ֮Ȼҵִ޹̫Цˣ
һϦһϦѣĸҲ֪Ϊĸǿԭĸо

ĸ۾У޲ð˲븹ĺУżΪƽطԸȻҶиԭԺˣɲܸҷɹաȻܹʣǾͱҽն壬ٱĸȥҺô˺úõػš

ǵģ˻ţһС



Ĭá
ĸʲô
֮ˣ޿ܱĴڣĸģƳͷҪԷ˼顣

ﲻһֱţֹū룬үǺõĻ̵ݣǲǾͻһЩ̫䣿
ԣĸ΢΢ü

Ӧ֪ʲô˰ɣΣĸŵԼ˼ҶѡѾҶûֹʹҲǷ֮¡
ɻǣС㲻һֱֹ̺
ĸһﻹΪСĿϴ̡

ҶѵһҪ֪Լܹŵ֮࣬ⲻصްˡҿɲûѡĻᡣӾϵ飬ֻ֤ҴϱҸĸȷʵǰ̰˼ңϣѲɻͷӲĻҶ˳ģ¡İһʼһˣʡͷС޵ĸ顣ĸΪĸࣺʵ֤ҿûƴϱĸףνǰ֮

ĸı΢΢һ䣬е͸¶Щ⣺Ψһû뵽ģǸĸǺöݵвġ
ĸͲǲ˼ˡ
ҰũĹͲܵӣϱȡ㣬ΪԷңһЩɿ

ϱСоûũӵܶʳһӵѪȻĸҲ֪һжΪ˼ҵү壬һϸ۲ƷԲġһҲԣԣҵԣ룬ӵܳľ˼ңϱཻơ

ҵŵ̫
Ҳܰĵԣң˼ȻûֵñôȻֵùעơ

ȻֳȽϳĶˡ
ʮͯ˵ƫԶϣسͷҲֵ˳Ƶ
٣ǰѾһͷСܹں󣬹⿴Ϣƣ˭ʯˮңһݺӵ˼ҡ

ĸǱվŵңؼҵͷºܿɲóȻΪҺܣĸһֱǿ硣
ǰԣ˵飬ĸɿԲؾܾ

ȻϱңҲпɿվǸĸĸǵģ΢΢һ̾ľûκκڡŶõʱ䣬ϱȴ಻ĳ̶ȣҲҴ۽磬ҲұдЭ顣

ĸʹޱˣ׼ĸҲҪġһ£˽֪ǻŹŮϵȻ׼Ѫ˼ҡңسͷѾֵ÷з

ʹĸû̽ŵľٶܿļ
ĸһӲ֮ˣû˵ĺ˵

ûκػش㣬㵢ʱ䶼ûУĸͰɵҡ
ֽһ£Ȼ˼ˣĸҲ鷳¼䡣

ĸΪŮˣʵλ׼ҵ뷨ǶԺûΪĸĴĸ淾ͳƲͬһ·ˡ
û˿ϿɣĸҲͲһͬܡ

ȴһֻΪĸ룺ǣ᲻̶ԊԹ
ԹĸȻһЦµ𣿡
ﲻҹͬС㣬֮Ĳޡ
֪ʲôĸҡҡͷģϱһ治ҪĶϱ

С㣬Ͳֿһأ
⻰Ҳ˵
ĸٵҵٿۣһÿֱ˽ᡣ

ĸ͵ĶԻѾһ֪ġ



մʪӣϸĵΪɷĨϵĺ顣
ԴӼ޽ؼңѾĴֲ£ͻһ»
ͽӣǳɫ¶оϸ֮£ĽգݷǸʤ֡

Ѿһᾲʣ׾ƽó걻ʹĥˣ׾֮ġ
޹Ů֮飬Ǻ˴ߣǲܹͬȻº͡
٣ô롣

벻֪Ůģʱǻ֡
ҹҹദϸСĻ磬ճҶ˵Ļ𻨡

غѾȵˣһģλȴǳִ֡һ˺ĸһʵӣⰮ޵ĽǼΪʱλ֪ԭǾʲôܹ̹Ȼܡ
ʹ࣬һİСޣ˿ڵСޣ𽥵ػֱ̽ϧ

СݲϰԭΪΪ벻֪Ĵڣ׵۾
͸¶֣ظѾû£ʹһ¶ѣڿɱ֮ǰʱࡣ

ܵʹĥˣòȻ𼫶ࡣȻѾɷòװ顣ɷʹĥδıĹѵõԹ֮ġ
ģǺص飬òһ˿ʵϸ

ҵˣ嶼ǲģڴ棬ȴǼƴŮ˵ӡ
ѾÿλѿһĻǸÿޣֻǸЦõһõɷ򣬵ԴͷȴǸĸҪõӡ

һŶϾ飬үү̵ʹףѾʹٻ߶ΪͳѱĸߵӡһЩѾʱ֪ˣʲôģ
ѾϲƱӻƽУܿصļ⣬Ǻʵࣿ

Ѿ׵ؾ˶Ըĸ롣
Ķ飬ѾڰֽУдװס
ТģҲġ

ѾΪǰ·׼شȴƽȶġ
˵֪Դԭ򣬴ͬУУŨ

ؼ̵ı飬Ѿôῴ
Ѿ˷ֵȻСһ Լ裬ظͷ
ʱſ˵֧ѾҲ˵һЩܹ֧Ļϴ˵ͷԴҩԺʹĴ٣һõġ

طֱۣûǿϾ˵˲
ٱı֣ʹ١

ûҪɢע飬˼ʵǊأ
ݷ𱥺⡣

Ѿɲ⣬һ̾
ǲԳѯʣӵĻ겻ᣬ⣬Ҳͬǡ

һЩ̫ȻҡʲܴԵС꣬Ҋ˵ҡҲኅ͡Ǌ˵껰һЩ̫ġ
һӣûͷһξԼԭô˵ˡ



Ѿˮӣգգ£ˮӰ׾ӻǷŵĵ˿̵׵ǽȻͬһõı׾ģղŵݷһɨաԾģѾլסŵʱ򣬼õܵͯͯ

ܣ㿴ң͸۵ǴͰƫƫ㻹ܰ
磬ȵˣûʸ˵
ʲôǴͰ
Ͱһ£Ǻ׳Դ׵ˡ

ˣֻҪǵã۵ʼǹҶʱʹǵĵԴˣǵҲԶһ㣬Ȼ϶³ȻҲûϵװ˲ҡ
磬㵱Ӳɣ

Ѿһ绨ݣһ˫ˮӣȻǰɷƣҪʲôƵġ
غȻŹֵǲ˵ʲô
ûСѾǳȵǣȰӷŵˮŤɾӡ

Ļ촽⶯ԥҪҪſʱߴϸתѾ˺˵飬ϣҲҪһֱڹ˵һ޸ܴһ֣ѾĶߥ޶ɵġȻ̫̫Ѿ˺˵һЩҵ飬˵øһЩ

ܶĲ֣ĸûŶϱյ飬ԼͷҪݷúؼһ¡
Ѿ֪࣬еĽپǼ٣ĸʵǼӵ̵ѾģҵĳŮܶʣûٽ̣ԼѪס

ѾΪεˣ淣̡
ֻϻ˵ʵȴǴδΪǽʲộϲ˵ȴΪˡ

ﲻҸѾȷʵǺģȴһЩʲô
Ѿһֱ϶ĸŮݣѾĸ׸ݻٵѾ˵Ļһεظе𾪡𾪵飬ѾܹһΣҲһ˰ɣ
Ѿ˳ԳһЦ

Ȼ֪ӿеѾѾӵĿУԭá
˵ѾǼӵذŮĲز˼ˣӽӡ
üԺ늅Զһ㡣

ģѾҲôģġѾǻһ£ʵҵˣܵԭҵӹԭǲеġ
ﲻҪ𣿡ЦԷǣ˵⣬ܴ˵ⶾ½κãаõġûкӵΣԼռ˴󲿷֣ҪҲùҲŶԣôθԼϣҪ˵Ӧһԡ

Ѿػֺ̿Ȼʡ
估֮ѾΪ˰ĵʵ˵ҵģǲǣ

زϵ΢΢һ֪ѹû¡
ֻǿӣӣΪųһƬŵգǰﻳкԳ֣ﶼҪһͷӣ͊غ庢ӡҶԲһ룬үţ

Ѿ˳СĵؿĻСˣ£뻳ˡ;øΪⶣ䶼Ȼ˳죬Թ첻Թء
ʶˣ˵ƵӡԺأѾ֪ᣬҲơ
٣λ޷άͬȵԡ

ãѾ˵ɫһɵĻҾ˵Ķԣȷүİš
ԣһġ
Ѿлˣͬţصǧɷ򣬴ϴ뿪

ʱ˿̣ΪɷѾƣѾûԹΨн֮飬ȷʵʧ
淡



ѻû㿼ĺӣԼҴŮĶһ£ǼӿŲذһ졣
ڣһ£ǻҪô
˸ĸŮڼҵʱӹŮˣ浽˿Ҫŵʱ򣬾ֲҪԼúðײˡ
ӦǺðײ˰ɣ

ΪӣͯӣķޱΪһиˣʶҲƵмˣ˭ȱ
ѾϺãϺð֣˫ߵ׼⵽С

ѵһԸʲôʱǵýˣ
Ų뱳
˭ֶ֪ŮòãЩ˻᲻

С֮ĶȾ֮ͷûһӣԸҪ˵նġ




74.  0074   һ

ֺ׻, 
¹벻ţǼͷ
˵˶Ӹܹٶһ㡣

, Ӻ͹Ůһ, ôմһմϲΪѽãǵع磬𱳣ŪδֶӻûһŹ, , ׵ĸ϶ġ
Ϊ壬һҲ±˵Ĵֶӡ
ھѧһЩǳȭŹ, ѧýһ, ѧšޣܺѽ, ĳһ涼żΪҪŵ, ζҲͶ

һضͷһҪɽҲѵġ
ԴȷΪ׼, Ϊ˶Ů룬һпվͲȱƨĵöԷ˳ۡ
λˣƷҲûᵽûб߼ʡ

׼ʲô
Ȼ¶ԷǺͿˣûһšȻ̫Ҳã˭öԷһת᲻ӵѪе, ֪ʲôʲôûҪ˼ɵز˫ٺò
ߵĸףɶΪԷ˷ġ

˵ˡ޷ֹߡ˼ҴϴֻǳοһЩʵǴϸھֵͷʱ񣬾ֻ֪ӣӵϴܹ˵ˣȴۡ
ཻ꣬ÿζΪӦĵϸһܹƣͷǴĦôĦʡöҪԼӡ
ΨһûŪģһ϶Ļġ

˼ӣ̳ĺӻ
ԼҵľԴг徢ɶƨã˵ģ⻹Լأ
ӣɶ񣬾ԼĲݣ⵶ѪӣֻҪ治ϴεùаյġȻӶɣҪ˴򽻵ֱ۵ģôƶǲ˼ġ
ģһģʵͦصδ׼ҵġ

ΪһЩڸջնΪйĨԷ֣һϱϰߣǰ˭ⴥ˵ֿ϶ǱҪˡ
Ѹ̧ۣУղŵֵֹģ͵͵Ұɣ
˵һﾫ۲һܵˣ

ǺȻңҪ˵̬ȣҾӻǣӦÿѡһ죬һýӦӦ
ýΪýˣòýź񣬵ʵȫͬһ¡
Ȼ඼ŮҲǲʵ

ӺˬģѵͦյЦѽ˾ͲҪôҲֻｲһѣҾͲţûң
ѣ
ˣʲô

Ѷһ£һ󷢴ȵ˵ˣǰ֪ͨϱ֪ԺҲʱֲܣˡ
һϷҵ˵⵱ˣűݵĵţɵûڣΪʲôҾĵ飿
һ񣺡һ𣿡

оðһ⣬ǲءΪһǲҪ̫档
ʱԼʱҲôףŤͷʣղ͵ĵʲô
ؿδ׼һۣۼ˫ֱأһ𰸣治ýػ˵ֻǾһ̫ﵽôܵˣ
ѣ

Ҳһ𾪣Ȼʱļһ˭֪ĵĵš
һһҲͰգȻôҪĻ˵˳ˣ
ĵܣǰͲǣΪһ첻ߵģǸǣȻпɣһ޶ĪѹǰʵһЩŲ̫ġ

壬û⣬ҲǹŹֲѡ
׼Ҿ׼ңո߾˵⻰ǲٰ
ȫȲ֪ؿġ



һͷˣȻﷴһͷŮˣģ

½￴űò֪沣ԼҶɩĶӣϺֹǿһ㣬˦˶Էа֣
ҲֲãλżңܹһץԶ
Ҫ֪һҳɩѵżҵӡλĸöĴָŮˣ˭ûвģǼΪѵá

ͷܸɣͷŮˣûͬศɵżҵҲϡ
ϼһְżҵܵõļȢҲ֪λɩôģǷ˼ңڵʱϵСӺСӣһݷõġ
ͻ۵ǰɩլʱ򣬻Ҫϲ١

½ʢȴɼ֣ڼϵʱµǷĲ١
֮ܶ½Ҳһ̵ġ
ɩӣԼȻҲʱŪԷûдʲôۣҪĻ죬Ǿͱֻˡ

ϵĳмǰɩӰӣԳҲǲģһ˫۾ǲʧûȻóֵϵܸӹɣλδݻǻ˵ģϵĺûǰ÷ֲ֧һ޲úͶԷһƽõġ
½

½ﲻֻ飬üۻһ£˭ĳʵǹϤģǰ·ɩӵʱ򣬺Ҳӡ
ΨһĲûģʲôûҽҪԼһ㡣
û취̫θˡ

½ɲȱ۵ġ
ҲÿһĺûУ·ɩҵĵӡ
½ûжĻıҪĥӵٶȼ죬ǹԾߣòΪԷеȻΪԷеۡ

ϵû½ۣ˼ʵǸ֮¡
ڣҵһҪһ£Ƿŵ添ҸʱһǿֹģһҲģմ״ʵġ
ȻûİۣҲòϣԼǿģʮ˴УҲʺǵ׼ҡ

żҵǺùģ̫˼ҵĹϿ¼˻ǵڶңǸԣһЩ˼ң˿ɰԼҹΪ̾У¾˼ҡ
٣ھֵӪȷȷʵʵǸġ
ŵڶԣڴͲӡ

ǷֵּܣֵһˣǸĻ鹵ġżǲϲµģһҲǲϲµģֵּ̫гɾͣȴǲ㳲ڣһȢ˼ңд붼ʲôõģһЩҾģȴһЩ⡣

ֱĳͯһѵĺ˼̵˱Ƕ
治ȱˡ
ҲԼֹ죬Ͷӳſԣͷѡһź׻

׼ĸһöģϼ̫ģⲻвĺãҲ㲻һҧʮ²ˡ
ڣѾëҲ͸ˣⲻһ͵ĹҵͣǱӱƳģ
ģϿɲһĸǵΪϱ͵ΪԼġ

ôѾٲͣ˼һǰɾģһϸ
µģһ̭ںŮˡ費ϴգһɢζȻνŮϣ϶ˣԼҿ϶ҪĹ
ӣȻûпϣ϶ҲҪϱֲǺȢĹһӡ

ȫ֪ǰ׼ĸҲǰΰ󣬻Ƕ̫ޣ˼Ӳظĵë

ǰýǼ޵⧲ýһء
һأҵļСĸоʲôȢ޼ˡǰС׵ʱ򣬼ӵͶСﶮʲôĴϲ¡˼еĺɫǳϲһ㣬ȫûɶӡԡ

ΪһҵͬãѾ˵޹˼ɵص٩㣬ܹóԸˡδĴȻǊģҾ׵۹⣬ԱȊһЩ
ѾСͺ˵ˣµͷԿѾ÷׹ŮյĺƤ˵ǲݼģ²ĺΣյģҪˣôСһ㡣

ӵ٩Ѿֻ⻰ᱻͷδŸ˵ģΪѡżңѾǼεġ
Լ׵ǿضӣҲ۹Ůġ

һӶûзּңĹŮ治֪Լ׵ԭӵ׵һôŮġĹŮп׵ţλã»ӲҲûӹרΪ˱ţġõӣС˽еģûгɲűģǹû

˵ģȻ׵֪һ£Ѿһ㣬ȴûпֻŵģٲҵԶ׵˼ңŸе̿֡
мΣѾԥҪҪԭȾܾ˼ңһˣٲҲȥ
벻֪ǲһ¾

Ѿʵʵºôһ
䣬׵֪żһ£¸ǰĲ١
Ѿ֪żңҲ֪żұԼҵӣǸӵغù֪˭
ĳӣʱסԺ飬Ѿ֪˲йġΨһצĵ飬ҲԼ׵ܸܵˡ
Ѿܹ˯Ϻþˡ

״رʣŷҲӲΪ׵ܵܣһ֪״㼴Ҫ޸ֵͬܣӻ˯ˡ
ƽԼ㲻ŵǲŵֵܽõĸȴǲٵġ
֪Ϊεģ޻̸ĺֵܣŷᵹôƶһЩ̫˳ˡֱŪı仯ûеһʱȥε鷳ķֵѯʡ
Σ㲻ֱˡ

Ѿðδɷ˵£ۼ״һҳģѾ⣬Ҳͦõġ䣬ĸ˵ԷѾ͸ܹĵشȤ
׽ã



ŶһµؽѺҲ̸Ͽʱ
һΣμӿԵȺûϴôࡣ
Ͼ֪֮ˣҸϿĻѣһǶԣҰġĻѺԣҶеģʡһʡʳסҪԣųľӶ࣬Ȼļҵףõġ

ŷͯѾǶˣӶſ϶ûϣģҲͲ˷һʸϿӡ
ڣͯʡǿԣѹͲ£Ȼʵʵشڴӡ

ʵԺҲмҪȥʡǿԵġ
ЩͷǡԷĽͨͨġ
нʵֶΣʲʺ뽻飬ȴһ¡

ӼȻûǸԸϲ鷳ģֵûİӲ
ǣԼ·Ǽؾİ
Ψһͬ飬᲻½
ڻ˻֣ǾԼֱװ·ȥˡһεʱ䣬ǸãɱϴλҪࡣ

ȵӰӣ䭲Ƶһµʱ䣬ʹӰӣĶˡ
һۣеⲻǷϻֲǵÿߡ
һѪ磬ûв
Ҳܸɴص˼⻹ûС

ǵʱ뿪ÿεס϶ʱⶼ
úãԺǿھġ
ΪԼе
ڣԼҵӺʹ磬ɶõǵģλֻ˵ùԼǾԵù˵ģŲ˷˼ȥװ׵ء
һ𾪣磬ԭѪˣ

Ӿ֮飬ԼöǼзִ磬½ҲԲǵľס
ʵֵ֤СУĴ󳳣ȴǴδ
½ƽΪ㣬ѵȥӰɢȥٵزᡣ

ǰǺúûţҲֻ΢һ¡½ΪԼĸı䣬Цһ¡
ȻͻȻǶԶˣҲûʲôÿģҽӣҵöӣǾΣ
ӣ۾üˣ
½˵õϿɣ˵ͷҲôá
̲סʵʲôӣ

½⣬ܼ㶼һЩ̫Ҳǻģ߲˶ҲһЩǵһ¿ɵðȥһЩ
ˣԸ£û⣬ҪĶֱӸҾˣҿ϶ǲġ
ʱ˿̣䭵ƶû׵ʹӰӣӳ׵ռе˼
ղŵһУȫһѹҲ˴ӡ

⣺һӣ׵ʹ磬⵽˭Ѫ飿




75.  Դͷ   ΪλеϤܸһ

վ

û뵽㻹աĵһɨ۹⣺ұȽϺ, ǲǵ·ҼǵûϴװܣεǸӸɴ, ͢վֱ֡
Ԫ俱, ߸ŵˣɫΪѿ

һվѸӾʹϢ
ǣ㽻˴ȥչһ£ԪΪ֮, һ˫ߵġ
, һ·֮Ե߻ȹѣԪǼ¡

һصľ, Ԫһе, ϾܰѾ˸Ժǳ綫ο, Ѳֻ֮, λһؾʾԪ俲ֻǰסӵ, С˳ϳྪ˵Ķ
ȷȷʵʵĹû

Ԫǲ
ʺ⣬кѸͬš
ϾվݵλˣõĴԶʤƽյѸӡ

ΪһȺ֮ףԪ俵ĵλӹɡ
ԣľ, û˻ɵġ
һУм˶ź棬һƽѸӣΪܻӵҪ֪λݵλķеˡ

Ǽ֮У˵õģҲǵףȫԴѸӵ̬ȡ
иΪˣע⵽ֻӣԼΪεĻѵ̬֡
ͷҪ˵ûвΪ֪èڣ

˵Էĥ͸ԵĴӣǷһʣһȺ˿Ǹ㵽ô˹ϵģ
ѺһۣƨҿС첻ԲϷߣ

Цϰ׵ϵв޾ƤЦҪ𣿡
ⲻǷϻ𣿡һ񣺡ĵطգվǿµģݵ㲻һ£Ѳֻͷˮ˵ǻԽ˻ᣬҪһϷסһסһõ飬᲻ˣ

õ׵һ㻹̫۵񣬴ǳ׸ʰ·ӣ׵зִһˡ
һϯ֪Է׵һԩͷס
źۼظ¹ӣһͬ
Ԫ俣

Ȼʵ֤˲Ǻռġ
һϵе飬Ѹ֮󣬾ֱĻ

ʮḻȲУһר¹ģ˺ԪϲõһڡʷˣֱӷԾһУŲ֪·˵ļϸκǰ֮ûŻ
飬һһҲѹ˿ͷ֮ʡ

ԣǲǾνⱾ
ⱾʲôѼӲûԱ𣿡

ֹԪ俶ԴѵˣǲϰߣһзԸԪ俵ɫǲ̫ÿҿԷվһţơ
û뵽һֱУһֱ۲ϲϰߣıԶǣֻΪأ

Ԫٺõӣ̲סŭɫ
ľҲһһͷ˾֣һͷӣ͵յĵ
Ԫһ̾

Ǻ²ѣʮ̲˲һ¶ǵ˴鹣Ҳ¶Ȳأ
һ£˶ӵȼ֮Ը̫ˣһ׵ˣƾζܱ⣬ԼôıӣҪ

ʿ˻治ǲ٣ӵ̬ȣҲѹֻ˿
Դµˣܻ˵𾴡

ͷӵӵܣ˿̶һЩҪһܲܰʦѧաȻԪѾ껤飬һ˹ӵܾ֪ԼûϷġ
˼һӦԵģλи˵ӵܻ֪ԼмֵĽ£𲻰ݵģΪոӾܵõͣû뵽Ĺͣд˷գⲻҪ
ӵܴ⣬ȥ϶úԼҳ˵˵ʵ̫ˣ

Ҳ̫ˡ
ÿԵģ̯ϵ鶼СϸƷζһ¡ĶⱾһǲʲô壿

ĵӡͬԪ俵ӡãҾһصл΢΢Цû뵽һΣϧһҾ͵ó£Ȼ϶úõһǵڶεľ֮ƫƫһλ޷úõرԪ⡣

ѵ֮ãȴȻȻҪȻӦԴΪһ֮ͨˣҲ̫ڻ
׵ƤӣһӶӮġ

Ԫȴ⻰죬ԶѾΪغӡƷ¸߹Ȼһؿ֮ˣûë
֪׵ˣԵĹӣҲ֪۾ǲǳʲôëû͵ӵģҪëһ
Լ׵ֻһʥϹϹ

ҪԪȴһתתͷϣ𣿶̵֮£ȻǻȮӡ
֮ǰڼϸҲʱϵؾ͸һֵɾؾϣԪȻ࿴ֻĿŵѵϡ
رµˡ

˫ǳԵؽһ£Ԫ֪һԸӣΪ˲μʡǿԣۼȷʵõģ˼ҵĴҪס
Ԫ俲ɵָμģֻڳ͢üɡ
Ԫ俶ԴѵĶţĻҪŨؼ֡

Ԫʱ˼ػ϶ӽ̵ȷʵȻǸӴμʡǿԣҼǵ֮УʡһλãôҲȥݷҵݣҿһ̣úõظʡǵʳסãҲҵСС⡣

̲ۣȻüǶˣܱҪࡣ
һ֮ԵĽ¹ӣпɲĸо

ȻΪ˼ҵ׶ӣ׵˼ܹһЩ
ƳͷһתѾȨԼҵϡ
ʵϣҲԥУλļΪҪҪռˣеΪ֡
ԪҲбµġ



ӶǴӦˡ

ΪҪһͬ·ˣûиӣͬһĿĵأ˼Ҷô̹̹Ҳ治˼ܾԷ
ûְѾȨϣΪͬ·ˣλȻ⡣
Է̬˵ǲһԷҲΪɵԸ񱾾ˬദģ˼Ƭ̣ҲɿڴӦ

Ԫһ˲٣븸ͬеˣ٣ǵλϵҪУûлע⵽ˡ
˿̣ô˵ʱʱԷʱйɹŹֵϤС׵ǰͷݳڶһԾÿͣҲûǰ׵

޿ǵΪһϿʱòҪ̫ۣżΪʵëƤΪµͷƤû
۶һЩʡ

۲ܲĿ⣬˫Ͳ༫Ϊʮüĳˣ֪ͣһֶֿĸо
ҲһֱûлǰͣԾֿݡ

һƢشƽ֣Цʲô𣿡
ǡҡҡͷֻǣҾһֵϤУȷԼûп㣬Բ̲סһֱơ
Ҳע⵽Լʧ֮һЦ˼״ˡ
۲ΪȻЦû£ϣܻϼϤİˡ
Ծʶ㣬ڵʣֻù΢΢Ц

˵ĶԻȫݳš
Ȼ˿ĿȴζһûдΪӽ˼㿴ʱܹԼ

ȷʵǻмϤİˣΪλеϤܸһԴͷɣ




76.  Ӧ   ûҵӣҲֻǡ

Ѿ, ǲǊ͵ҵӣ

淲˿ĿУ̺Ҫ˵⣬ƵѰ鸽Χ, ͵صȷǲɡ
, Ψһʱˣ˶Ů⣬˵Ǽٽӡ
淲Ծͷ½ġ

춼Һû, ׬µ, ʱʱͱװˣŲ˵
ĸһõӣͰ淿䵽ûƵ, پӶ, 淼ǲϵطӳȥ
Ȼλص, һĴǰ˽, ǰϳסȫصʵʵ

, ӡ֤ѵжϡ
淲ǲ֪˵Ŀϰס۾ټ׷ĸо̫ãһٶغӵˡ
ʱܵ谮ˣΪԼܳģΪԼֶ˵ãȻȴѰյĶ
ݵĥҲ˿

ؼ, 淳Ըӣ¾ĸ׸ıԼҴӣʵһҲûǵġ
ǰЦԼҴı̫͡
˿̣һĴ淵˴δйͬġ
ǰһĶ侮ʯĿϷ̬

淵ĿֻţѾûв
Ӧ˵ǲˣУҲǰ޼
˵ģѾĪ

û뵽ôͱˣûӾҳġѾ飬Ǵ޿ֵһӶԊôãôģһҵܹƽȵӣ̫ûˣ

ϣ淵õķ飬Ǻһ֡ѾҪŮˣǱҪġ
ݵŮˣ添ܹӣӦöұŸж

ңѾżҡ
淵ѾΪǹΪѣǶġ
Ѿȫû֣Դ淣ѾԾһ˿ӣԼ߸ϵ̬ȡ

ѾɷԼ⣬ԱǰһµˣȫϵµĲ𡣼˵գһ˲ĺڱУʧӰ١䣬ǰӸ˱磬Ѿ͵õһõŵԣ¸ǲ⡣

أһӻڊ𣿡
Ѿ󣺡ҿɲôûģͽȥˡ
δӣһСǮżҼסԼѾȻСǮżԼġ
淲ţ֪ʲô𣿡

ڣѾ޷˵ظңŮѵһ˿ĴĸģҲûзѾԭ
û뵽ƵصģŮ

ѾݷǲײĲ᣺µԼƻҵĺгóһӣź๫չգⲻǊԼǰǊ˵ǸڊһУȫȫǰǣ

һָ̲סһ
ڿں棬ֱӾ㵵עŶŮ淽ŮĻȻһֲػ˻зǲΪ˵Ҳ
ǡǰȷʵһǡҲѹͬǶĹŮ

Ѿֻϴسûܹдʣһ˾Ӧòֱ˴˵ģȻ֪ԼĴҰߣҲǰһغ£һӿ϶лġ

л
ûҵӣҲֻһΣил
ؿڵĴʹȻھһУǶıӦɣ



ʲôѾŵСĵذָ⣬ŤؾǵǰҪټˣ
ʱ򣬲Ҫġ½εش򿪳룬ҩъָһ£ȰĨҩ
Ѿֲ˼طϵ룬ȻԹԵذ˳ȥ½ȴݷǼΪĲҩ࣬˵ָͷĨһ㡣

ԴӶԺ½һƥĺ첼ֶŮԼ¡½û뵽ǣѾ߻̫ãͨ첹У·飬ʵġ
Ƶ·Ȼûֵġ
ϻôĶܹ֣

÷ŵ̬ͱװףԴ·÷һְġ
ǲֵģ·λֵ÷֣ȫûвҪԡ
ֱҪµʱѾžŮûǻ·ȻԺҪ·δɷͺӵ·һЩԺô찡

ȻǰģǼûǴԼġ
ͷ⣬ɴδҸΪһң˭ϣӣҸ
ôӣѾԼոӣضŲϵۡ

½ﻹڻãôû·Ѿıõ˽
ùǲ̫·ֲòϳʡñһӡ
ɩӣÿζڹؼʱ̣һء

ǣδ޵˼ңǺŸȻŮҵŮ죬˵Ҫõó֣·ȷʵǵҪѧġһЩǧС㣬˵ʱ򣬲ҲҪóúɰչТĵƷ
ݹŮҲһ֣ɴ˿֪Ҫԡ

½ɶȥ֪һͲܲ˵ذץŮһ¡
ڣû˹ŮģܻѻɽĶɩӣ½Ͳˡ
ҲڣѾһ£аʱ䣬һģٿҪһ·С

Ѿһ㣬;һĴĳѾȴǸжУ̫ˣӲ˵óôĲϸ֣һ㶼̣ӡ
Ѿ̫ˣôõǰô@Էģ
÷



ڣ½̹ʱǼĺġ
Ѿ̣βϣûеõҲܷѧϰ
ѾŮ츳治զ½ֶŮĨҩͷһˣҲĶԵʡ
ֶŮմֶŮŮ츳ǼΪ

¼Ȩ֪ҪϽѧ·ȻԼļ¡ԣѾܻһķѧϰŮ죬ȻԼһѼ£ֻ̬ѱ䡣
ʱһܴĵϲĳǻ˲ԾҪѧϰԷģѾûз֣ʶע½ͬʱоֹҲԾı䡣
ǰ̬ѾǾԲΪ״ġ

÷̽Եġ
һѾҲͰѸղõĴϢ˵˳

½ﵹҲǲȣĸ֪ĸ飬ȴֺӦˡ
ΪŮ˵ˣŮԼ
½ܲ˵飬ֻҲԴֶŮһĿݴڡ½ĵǲܶԼ֣Ѿͷļɻ䣬ֶŮҲͱ߳

ļֶŮδʲô£½ǻ˫ֵġ




77.     ˴ٺҲ

ԭʶҵ÷۵, Ȼͨ˼ҡͷһЦҲѹһһЩϤĺû뵽Ǻ֮
Ļ, Ƕԣ˵, ĸлȥʮδС

Ϊ޾صֳԣλ˸磬Ʊ֡估, ŵ¹, ԣԴ˸磬֮ɫţҵĴǵû״, ֻȥ, ˼ҳҲܹһ֮һ

ЦЦ
ΪֳǿԣĲ, Ϊһֵε, ŸذΨһü޸ˡ
ʵ֤ûпˡ
Ψһ, ĸİǣܹ˺õֶΣ˼ҵһҴС
Ϊڹĸ۵һ̣۵һ䣬Ůݽ棬ȴְҵŮ䱦ǊҪĽ

Ȼĸûĵ׵һ, Ŀ
ǵĸ߹ˣһӵ︾ʮڿ࣬ĸϲʳһ㣬ҹҹĥ

ǹĸ¡
Ůң˼ҵű֮صϢ֪õ˼
Ϊù˼Ĺۣ˼ͲܱȣҲڱֵǰº޺
â¶ԸһþĻϸƼˡ

ڹǰ飬Ͳһ׳죬÷򣬹۵̬ȻͣѾúܺãġΪ˻סԼĺӣѾһ顣Ϊܶ궼Ȣӣһ㣬Һ֪ǲûѡˡ

˸Ȣһ£ԣ벻Ծ࣬Եɫ۲Ծػ⣬Ҳſ˵ôʵѾȥ꣬ҪȢֻûڵ֪ĻͬҲˡ
ǣûȢ˼ԣã˵ĻѾk⺢ӣҲֻ뿴kȢӡΪ⣬ҺŮ֮顣

ԣյĻ˹ۡ
뷢ǹٳ޵ĸྴԹ˼һ£ȻǴͷԷɡ
֮ԣĸѲãڹ˼ҳ£ǱĸҸǣۡ
񶼵󣬹ĸҲֻʵʵһ˼Ҹ

ĸ״죬嶼ǣС
䣬ϵһֱӱն
Ϊ˻ȥĸݺعã˸˼һ㣬ǿڼӵϣŷһ
ĸĺͿ£վʹ÷ʧͣĸġ

۴ӸĸԼϣûмʶνŮ顣
Ըһ˰ײ룬ԭ˴ڣ
Ҳã벻ңԼãѵûһɣƫƫȴ
˼Ƿģֻֻٻ

˼ʵΪ㣿
ԣ벻˵Լĸ׵ĻԵʹ򿪣ػʵ˸ˣ
ǵģɵõۣ˼һڴ·ոµ÷˵ģԼԸգ㵱治ȢֱӾҵͷšӦö֪ʲôܹʲôȴǲõġˣһ˽ңдһŹȥ
Ļ̣ۻӦġ
ԣҶµ飬ǿ÷ϣֶԸˡ

۵ı֤òԣk˿̶Īֵľ˾ˣϲһ̫ˣ̿һֱԸҵһŮˣ˾ֹܹҺҵҲˣҶûʲô˼ˡ
ԣҸӱ׼Լʱ͸Ժ䣬ڵطĹϵҲܹ˳һдѸӼۡ

һԣңԣkÿɱ
䣬ԣ£Դ̬ܼŹŹ֡ԣkҲǲһֻ۱һֻۣҺĸһ£ɾͰշ
ԣkĴүƢʵѾûгֹͳ߳ԣҡ

Ǹֲûеطס
̻˼ңմһ֣˵Уǲӡԣk˼ɣûʲôάģΪһӲעлġ

ԼһѸΪǰҲѹ֣׵ˣ㣬ҹҶ
ĵ飬ԣkǺ޲ػϾסһʲô˰

ֲãһʱ򣬱ͲǺܺáԣkΪɫǶԱ˴ģ¶ᣬ˼ԭԣΪˣһΪԣҵļҷ粻û뵽ôһ¡ȻҺ
ĵλԼܾܣԣk뷨ҲͲΪ档
С̫ûֶΣȻֻˣ
ֵܣ֪Ǿͱ׿ۣԻ񶾵ķʽöԷȥ

һһأĵطмңۻ꣬Ĵ
Ȼƾ׵λãĻ£֪ᷢġ뵽ǲԾƳ׵һۡ

ѿƺӵ뷨һЦҾðӵ뷨ӵȻһʶʲô׵
ƲƲ죬Ȼðͷ
һԷҪһҪһʲôģͲҪġ

ԣk֪ҳСǰҲͷſӣеǰһأǿԲһɵĹŮ˺޼ģҵ񶼳ƣҵŮˣһ֣һôų⣬ͲΪҵ

ԼҵСᣬŤͷһתݺݵǸӵ飬ɲԱϱ
Ѷ꣬ԣ֪ܲλĽһЦͯ޼ɡͯ޼ɣͱ̫档

ȻҲỤ˼Ҿٸӣͱ׵һ棬ؽеġ׵̫ɣҲɷ򣬼Ĳ¾ɣ
ȵȣ


éٿһ㣬С׾˾ˣı仯̫ԣԣkҲ󣺡ûôضҾ˾˸
üƺĺ񡭡
ҲڲϾһˣһŮˣòȻ߷񣬵Ůǻͳͬĸо
˵ӷּԺ󣬿ٳǵǰ

Ҳ״ı֣֪ԷԭȲǰһ֣Ǵĺ档
ʵǾҺ˭
һʣѹأԳ˼˶ڿԼһЦֻǾ˾˳úţ߷񡣡

üһǿԤУԾ˽ڣʵǸΪǹ˼ʧȥϢˡԣҿʧһ𣿡

˼Ϻ֣ȴܱԸƭģѰȨӵϣ˴ٺҲ
׵ģɲڿӶӡ

ԣ֪˼һ£ǲġ
Ҳ˵ֽν

ԼֺϤ˼ôãΪԷû֣Ҳҵ٩ûҲûʲôϾǵֲͬмˣֻǴɰˡ
벻֪ȴʱվһ

ννⲻǺαŮѾߵ
Ȼνûаֵơ
ģ˺αǸŮˣ⻹˭أ

ǿҵؿҪ籡ķߺ޻棬״ƱǸ˵˼ûǴɶѡ
̬ȣŪùֲ˼ûº£ʧһΣҪ˵ǸҲ˵Ŷԡ
ҡͷһЦƲ³çΨһ˫ںڵӣݷźڷһ㡣




78.     

û뵽, Ļĳޣ˵޵ͣɱȴ󲮸绹Ҫʮ꣬ĺӸȢ, ﵱùҪˡ
̽Ϣ, ɩһֱȱС·

ټޣ÷С֣ټ޵飬ȴǿȾ춯Ƶġ
÷Ҫܰסг, ɾͲӣ
, Լҵ»Сģ½еˣ㲻, ÷Ҳôûɫ
Ȼ, ÷ôεԭķĸһλɽ̫ڡ

ܷſŲ, ٹ, ѽڡ
ʱǵó⡣
÷æҪ, Ȼĸǰ֣Ҫ֪ԼҹŮѧϰŮһ£÷ְһء

ԴѾһ£Ӿѧʡ
̫̫ԼŮĲ٣÷ģȱۣ˵ǲģ̵ģ˭
ⶼҪӣһһ, δżô˼ңվ£ǲٵġ
ϱϸģȻȼ޳ţŷֶŮŮ첻ҪȶѣҲڣϱǲƽϵģµʱ䣬ӽһ£жٵĳЧ

˵ŮգϱҲǳġ
̫̫Ƽҵʱ򣬾ؿǹǲҪϱһ̵µļŮ
Ȼᵽ䣬Էͺһܵίӣҭ̫̫̱졣˼˸˸浱˰뱲ӵˣƲͷӵζ

ܵһӣӻǰ·׵ģ̫̫ǳ׵ų⡣
ϴϱͬһ·ӵ
ϴϱǻװģϱǼһֻӣò̫˳죬̫̫Ҫҵأǲǳʲôë

Ȣŵϱϴ̫ļƣ϶ϱһ鳣϶ϱסԶءһֱȽĶԼϱȻҵϱǿףӣڵӣ˾͹üΪ˳ġ
ǼΪϱգվӵˣ̫̫ҲֻöԷġ

ӵ飬½ĶӾͲԼϰ顣жĸţͷܳʲô£
˵϶Ϊķޣسģ澹һ㶼ⱻ֪
Ӱһӣ֪ͷʵƫ۵ĳ̶ȣѹ̫š
϶ǶֵܲҴţͷ϶һѵĴŵĵϣӵ档

Ҳ˹ˣǴǵĵȴһҲûж𼸸ӣ˭ֵ壬Ŀ϶ǵʲá
ףڽŻ϶һȻͲع϶Ҫ˵û㣬ɾͰ˼ҵ

϶ҲصΣûӺ񶼲ԼӣӲǴպϹȥˣ
Ҳ϶ɵףûŪҺӵС˼һɵģ
ӼǺЦϻ˵ӵ۾ܹôʵϣķµ򣬽ɵĹ
˭е˭ûΨһãܼ



ӹŻһš
÷ܹĸɿϢܱﻰˣϿһһΪ죬ɾҪˣ
˵ټ޵ˣǺùģӣǵǰɩҲǲ˼ġ÷Сĵ̬±ĸŵӵŮˣĻᶼϣﵱÿ϶Ǳġ

½֪˵ªϰҲôģҲ棺Ըټ޵𣿡
÷ѿڶôܣҶɵˣĸ׷ɵ
½֪֮ͦġ

÷û˵ʲôǼСϢټ޵ʱ˵ҲǺԸҵţǺݵĵϾ˭֪ţʱ򣬾͸ɹͬ飬ҼǵûĻǰѴŮּ޸һɽ񡣡

ӵӣ˼ǼΪɽ˼ңֱȴӸѹ࣬ȫûʲôͷԡ
ʱԲģҲһЩɽ
Ϊأ̫ʺֲҪԱĻ͵ȥҰʳһģ׾Ͷ

Ѻ½ƽտûУһЩɽڴ˿ͳܹһһ
޽ĵط÷붼룬ɴ˿֪ĸĺݡ

½⣺ԣңʲôõǵģ
½ｲ󸶳ǶԵȵģ½Ҷ϶ģĻرյңһˣ½Ƿַذɨسš
ɲ𣿡÷ѵú½ɩӵĻֲڣӵģҿ϶ɨˣǸƨ

һĸŮҲˡ½Ƶ˵գذѴѾ޳ţҲûͬķʽĸ׸ؼ˳ȥ
߰ƸżģֻǴŶδϱؿأģ治δϱһ¡

һֱû廰⣬վ̲ס廰ýίһôԳһܹᵽ˱ѣʵʲôܡ
½ͷ࣬ͷȴȻ˿ĶӣģǼҲܷ顣
΢΢һ֪ġ

÷Ʒζ½ĻĵǺ֪ش󳹴˵öԼˣɾͲǱӦ𣿡
½ⷴӦǹġ

½Ĵڣʵˣ󲮸ʲôӦ
ҵ˵˼ƣȻһȸʹ졣÷ʵ˵ҵľͱˣҼҵһλԴӴ󲮸ιһأϺܶ࣬ߵĽʵҲզ

ʵһЩαģϾֿģûʸ
٣½뷨ȷʵˡ
½Ҳͷֵ֣ܣТ˳ˣܺȵģֻǺû˲һ㡣ڶ粻һ˼ˣԻõرڡ
ҵ϶ϸ˼Լȷʵӡ

½֪ĺӣʵҪȻʱ򣬿ɾͻԼһûа취ŤǿԼ
Уڶӣ½עʵġȻǲƫеģڴͨ͸ģ²ʲôȴܹһЦ֮

СԻۼѹͲõᣬֻҪһЩϲԵģƻΪԼܳ谮ôӡ
½ﵱﶼĵãò˵ǲĸо

ᵽ٣÷˼͵͵˵ҵ˵Ҳǹó֣Ϊﲻʹ죬󲮸һ룬ԷҲ͸źһؾơλ󣬿ɰѾֶŮŪýͷöϾǰСĹңȷҲҪܻġԣҵҵģȥʰƺ󡣡

½ôҲͦ׵ġ˿²ôġ
ǰҲû֣ԭҼҵһλԭҲǰµġ÷ͬһ䵹һЩ鳵ҵϣҼҵģҲܹѧһѧҵһλֻҪ飬ֱһԹۣһһ㡣
½ֱ˵ҼѪˣЊ۹

ɩĽԼȷʵë½ûл˼
ûҵ϶ѾԱߵͷ

û뵽ɩܣһΪʲôֻöѡ½ʵΪʲôܵģ֪𣿡
ҵҵģû̽ɱȲ˵ԻҪܡ÷һرźȻɲ֮䣬ĵУͲҲ𰸣ֱǻҵ

һԶѣȻ
½˳ǣǷ

Ȼ÷жûм죬絹ķȷе˵˴ķĸˡ
ٵŶӣʹɲ԰ƽһӣ




79.     ޵˼·һ𡣡

½ҩĵζ, ɵؿķ򣺡֣ôһҩζ

һѣҲŵƮɢζ, ϶ּ, ĿⶼȻ
ԴӺķһס˵ӹá
ʯҲ˵ˣ˳ĵ, ӹҲͻá
˶Ǽġ

ѰԴ
һ˫Ŀ, Ƿֱ۾ӣ˸еرŹ֡

˲ӵ̳ǰȥ, ǿӱӵ˫, ˸ڻ
̫̫αδϡ
Ȼһ˵ĻСƽȻǲ̫ڳҩĹϵ, Сֻһ, δѹ

˭µ֣ɫһ, ̫̫ڳСɫǰǼӵʱҲûдƽ⺢Ӷ꣬͵ĺӣʲôҲҪҲʱ̡ԣǲڽ̺ӣֻú

½ξӣǶ˲ҹ֮ͬɫ

Ƶ·ͷ, ࡣ
ٽ³Тӵ˼ңҲǵ˶µʱ򡣶ңĴ򷨣Ѿڽ̺ӣú
ۺӵ˼ңСɽĸһͷôǽ壬ڴȱԡ
ò˺ԼĺӣһЩӵ˵ĸĸҲǱ磡

üһǰϱ黹ĺݵģӵϹ۵ӣղʹɫĸǿһᡣ
ȻСģ̫̫üջᣬѧһԷޣݺݵسһأһЩ
ϸ֦ٴ򶼴򲻻ġ

ҳһЩеûģϱİɣ˳ʵֳʲôôӣӺӹ̫øҽһ£ΪʲôذѺӴ⸱ģ
ϴլʱӿмֵТģĸҲûȫϾΪںӣ̫̫Ҳ͸Ǻɸ֡
ٶĵԣӶôһôĶӣ

ѻͨ뺣˵ĻͱҲӡ
⻰˵üأһ˵һж˵ˣٲģλ磬֧֧ǰȻñǸĿƳĵá

½ĪֱðĵһӰݷݵģ˵˶ˣɱгҵһλҪѵĻҲҳģȻˡ
ŵ״ΣӵģֻǾñǸѡ

ٻǱͷʹس
ԭϴһˣμֶӿеϯ硣
ʱʵҲӣνﲻֻûвμӵ˼¶˼ɫ
ż죬νȻԸŶӣ¶ǰδеĺɫٻΪתǸˡ

Ϊ޸飬ܻصճײãǶμΪõӡ
벻֪ʱĺνǶδʱ򣬾ˮҪһ鸡ľѡ£Ҫץĸľ
ٵļãǺνΨһòֺ˵ӡ
ٵ뷨ȻͬνӣҲճײõʱ򡣱ϾںνɷôǴõҰˣ

޵˼·һ
ٻɾʱ򣬺νûõӣͳһưˮԭÿʱÿУνﶼޱȵػţŮʱڵٻ׷ĺӡμѾˣν֪ܳԼǺμˣȻҪס
ѾߵݣҼ޸£νﶼΪίȫĴۡ

ÿοŵˣν͸׹ùá
˵ٶĺûȴԸƸΪ˼ҸˣӦ޵
ǣ۹˼һ£νһҲûкڣֱȻΪǹ˼Ƿģ

ĻΪ˵ֶӿͯһ£ڰе
ںνټСѪɱλײ沸㣬ǵĶӶܿͯԼĿ϶ǲ
ĸģϲǿӼӣΪĸ֮·νҲͶƽһ¡

νûĵġ
ĺӣͲʺ϶䡣
סһܴ⡣

νӶȤһ죬ۼô飬λѵӡ
տʼνʵûôݣֻǺСһ£ȫӵƫִֻء
ųˣȵƽʹȥʶԡ

½ﲻʹ˺ܿͬҲˣڸĸĽ̵϶Ϊó硣Լ׵Ҳµ˺ֵˣҲΪҩģֵܸеʹĵطǸûɶоġң׵ҲûиѡĻᣬȴӦ׵ѧһ£뷴ڵҲǣ
˭˵ѧǲ˵ģ

׵ʵ㶮ѭ򽥽
ȴһº֣ûѡҲգûзִس֣ɴ˾ͿԿƽõܣҲû̫ĸݡ
ˣҲˣøŷᵹǻУĴ⣬Լ˲̫ã˵˵µļӣ

һۣһɰĸоȻ
СʱΪʲôɵĽýø磿
ʮһ꣬üݷô䲻ʱĸо˵Ҳֵġ

½￴ĸĬΣ̫̫ҡҡͷֵּ̾ܲǷģûһҷּˣҪֵܵĺһӦѧǳеΣӱΣϱݵԭ򣬺γ£ҳŵúܺãĸ׵ģŻȢһŮˡ⼸ӣÿҵĳŵ󣬷޲Ƿǵöѹ磬ҲֻǶΨΨŵŵҪһӵԼҲգôӶҪһܿࣿ㶼Ѿǵˡ

ͨƪĵźġ
һϰӱˣΪ̵½ͼĵı仯ʵҲûԥһ£ºӡĸĸǼˣһĻһֻ䱾ʱ򣬵һ֣׹ԨˣֻǺӱ
¶ĵ顣

ٳɹѺ£ʹųص˼ȥ
ŭ޿κε̫̫ζӳ£ǸжϱĴȣļҵģ̫û̺öӣίˡ

ǰܲί
ּˣĸֲûУҲȥȻֵܺӶһȻ̫̫ҲŶԷÿ¼ǵðѺӵĿ͹ǸڳԵģܽ

½ﵹǲ治̫⣬ϾƽҲǳԿġǰͷĺӣһǊģҲ̫ӣȻҲûô鷳¡

˵½ٵ̫ˣӻûһ
˺ӣҲһǵÿ̫Űæ
ңĻӾͲպεģǰزӣ˶ԷƤŹ֡˵ŮӶŮ٣ﵱҲ湻ĵġ



պεġ
һͷҲغţڵźνݵŮˡ

ӱ޵żۼżͷػظһƤЦⲻЦЦݣö߰˹ţνĸףҲǺαҵˡȻĺݵŮˣɱԼѾߣŶԷװѾߵݻţȻѡȥ֮ӣɵúúõػȥУȻԵĸõҲܵ˿صȷʵ汾£Ҫ˴ߵĻ͵һİ취

֣ӵģֻӳɫ
ã涾ּɫټԸ˹˵۾

ͲͣΪռһ֣Ҫõɶţܹͳ֡䣬ִ÷̽ϢǴҲûеԷĴ㣬ϾʼգҲֻһˣ˳ֻӽ

񶾵Ůˣһȴõġ
ãĸײϲҲò׵õһ۰ˣȴֱһͷǣۡ
֪ԼȥӦĻǣ۵ɷͺӡ˼ûг£ûжĵɷ򣬼ĶӡõĺӦǼҸġ

۲ȱĵģʮĳˣںһʱ
ƵżЦ˷ζα늅ľӦǲʧİɣ




80.     һоڲС

ڿѧ, һֵĿԼ߳ӭϵ, ʶֱڵû취, ֱǰĿʱ䶼Ҫ࣬Ѿϰĵطָظӡ

յġ
Ǵ, ÿԺ, ҲԸ࣬ôͷȽ˳ۡ

ŸյſڣԣkһҲ˳, λɫһЩ̫á
, ÿοԵĻҪƵ, ܺòŹ֡
Ȼ, ǰǱԣkεı, Ȼпɵģٽ²ߵǲ

һϤС飬ԣkеĿһʳ⣺㿼ô

ӣشҲˬ죺ҾûУεĿԣûܵһͷӰɣ

ҿδľ˾˼ʱ֣Ȼ϶Ӱġԣkɿ, ʱһ£羱ϵѹƶҲѹ֣ҵɴϲȥһӵۣү岮ôˣһԸȥġ

⻰⣬ݷܹ񣬲¹ؼҳ󣬳С飬ԣkҲûд˵ַŵ͵͵㣬ԣԭõĹټұͷֵˣҼһ˲ŻŲ·ҵµĿɽһӰ׵һѹʲôҵҲӣҵǸŮˣҵ·ӣʲô֪ݵŮҵĴţʡǺͦģҵò˼ⲻͶҵˣ˵ŮһЫˣΪ˼ҲͰɷֵ沣Ϊ鱻˴ƿżҲܽĶϱűԷݻҡ

е֣֪ݵŮӦðﲻǼҵæŶԣ

ԣkԲ˵ǻŲ·Һҵ˵֪߹ϵ·ӣҼһͷֻ·ӣһܴܲµĿɽ

ôãǿò

ȷʵСԣkһ⣺ҪŮ˵̿ҪûˣΪҾ˾˲һ֪ݣֶԷֵ²ɾյûٸɣҾ˾Ѿҵһ״ȥ²öã֪ݲֻǹñҪûˣͷܱܲסһδ֪㶼֪Ů˿ҵ񣬺ʲô۵ණһҳ֮졣һ뵽ֻǳңҲҪûˣҿҪ

ûС۾Ͳ١
䣬־һԸĸ̵ͬĹؼ㣬ü£ǲûԣ˵
ԣkܳĶӣն񶼱ԣͷүȷδϾܲס˼ҺȻһþ˾ˡ
ģǰȷʵǲģⲻҵϼӷ𣿡ԣkһЦҾ˾Ѿһ飬ŮȷʵмӺҵͼȻҾ˾Ҳȥ֪ݵ飬һΪǿ

üɻؿǰҲôɵ𣿡
¹ӣү˵ǣδ𣿡
λƨУһߵΧֻ˵ĸȻ͵Ⱥʱ

ڶնǶӶ࣬һѵӰ˶ӵģȻǸеСֻϧ׵˵ĵһ仰ƻգͱĵӡ

άֲ룬Ѿűӣӵߣͦӵһȣζ̫ˣҾ㻹վԶһЩȽϺá
Ϲ

۽鵽ԣҵĸ飬ΪĿһԱҧгݵһԸӣ㲻е𣿡
ѵǲ˼صһһ
УĴ

һҭƷζ׵ģĳӣҼǵ̹ҪʵɣңӦûһǶһƷе׵
ǲҿɹƭһ棿

ʱļ䣬Ϊӡ̵ġ
Сʱ޲С嵱׵ɴ˿֪׵Ƕôŵ
ΪСͲá
˵Ʒл࣬׵ǺǺһЦ

ѵ󣬻ǱСʱһΰĸоôֵʲô£һײ׵֣Ͷʲô¡
һ̵Ļǵģһ

ȷʵҲԼһζǰɾģһӶϴˡ⣬Ҳʱ䣬ѾҵˮԴνԣϻʱʱطӹĻҲͼΪȣһ첻ܳûζŽ֡

ӶˮģһԷһԼȻɶȱ˵ֱȻȥɾ˵

ȵţһˬѲûôر֮Ψֲ⵱ģǺòײ뵽£ʵˣ㿼ô
ͣв˵ĶУΪеͷŪۡεʱݣҲµ˱ʣдݣϲϺѧÿľѧԸ񡣲ͷȻ̫ȷӦµġ

аСӵţ治ˡѵǺںΣܰѴӽ̳ˡǣżϰⲻǷͷȱᣬҲǰλģɲҪ˸ͷһز𰡡
ɬϣüǵ̫СĶӡ

꣬гģ治ǿԴġ
գǸ߸߹λʮţͷϲŹ̲ס࿴ۡ
̫ˡ

Ȼδż¼ͿţͷˣϼʶŹҲͷһؼ٣ʡ⼸ͷûгôš
Ѹ˷ϲǮŹջؾ˼һЩĺɰЦݼأɣӢš
ѻ˵䣬ֻǵЦػ䣺ͬϲͬϲ

Ź⸸˵㡣
뵽Էӣ־öԷҲȫǶӵġӵ֣ϲҲ͸߸˵ػȥ
벻֪ú˼ֻӵ˴򽻵
Ͷ࣬οա

֪ţɺֲͯһѵһصʵϼһͷһӦбϲ˹ȥɣ
ѲϻȻ̣þҪֵúϲ£졣ȻϱҲӦҲǸ˵ġ

ȴ¶źʵǿԵĻϵһıϲˡ
ѰһۣСӣ˱ԡ



ԣkҲõõĳɼֻŶѣһ
ԣֵúϲ£ˡ

ԣҸûлصԼլԴ֪˵̣ԣԼǻȥһˡҪŴ˸ƣ׵һ˶ϡ
ΣλԼˡ

ԣk飬۾÷һУΪ˲˺ӵĻᣬԣҲͺԣһи
ԼϸĸһֵܽչˣҲΧƣʳס£⻹ûʲôõǵġԣkûˣҲֻʣһģܹտһ¡
˸ĺǺû˼չˣ˼ﻹŶԷգԣ벻ôûзִ硣

ǿиĹϵҲͷûзֵ٣ǻй۵ĴڣԣһͷܶҪһԣϾľ⣬ƹͿͶûб˿Уһľٶԣģʵû̫ķŭϵļûˡ

Ѹȥǰԣ˶ĺѣ˵͹滮õ㡣

ѵüһ˵Ҫʡؿһ¥
ԣ벻˼ԣ¥ԣҵģҾֻܸĽ¥ˣȻΪҴľ¥ûйףҸɴͰԼʡˮֶȺ¥ǼʺϡϾЩӣҳԱľ¥ûһҵζܹʤǰԣ¥Ҫٿһ¥ȱٲṩƷ

ѺǺһЦ㵹ͦģ֪ϱҪ裬һϱ㣿
ÿ

ԣ뵱ɫһ壬ûôԣҲ޲ɡǲ½̫ۣܲסϱĻ˵ʣҪеƣۻ治׵顣ͷһλУŰ½ʲôӣɷģܲĪģ뵽һõĺ£ۻ˸ɣŽϱϡ

ҵܣ

ðΣȵˣڶϣҴӦˡһ۸ܰǰͷģҪֵ֪ʣʱ̫ϣԴӦǼѼ죬ºӦþԣ̶ӦѾûйϵ͹ɾͳһ⣬нİ취

ԣɿڣŸûжã˵һû⣬ǺϺеΪѣ׵ͻ˿ɲңʡǺһЩ룬͵öǼΪͨĻһ鷳̶ӣѹͲ

ȵȣҼǵϴͬеھֵ𣿡ԣ뼱ǵں̶ӵҲ˶٣ȰһʶԷһڻơ

ѳ˳ǣõǱһ죬ھ͵Ļǹ֮Ѽ죿ңھֵǮɱ̶ӻҪ࣬⻮𣿡

ĳһ棬ԣʵҲģȻզгζͶ
ֻǣĶǰλάһ׵

ԣ¶ţ֪¥ƷĺҶģʡǶǮˡĲƷݣֻҪƷɫͲûӡ

붮ҲɵǮĴر࣡
λһоڲС




81.  ϲ   ˵Ǵǲرܵġ

̸ϸͬʱ, һߵӣûˣκýĻ, μ𣿡

ǵȻȥ, ȥĻǼһ˵ûֵܣԣkεʶõģǺͽԺ顣, ˫н, ҵļֵܲǹûԣkֵܽȽϺãŷȽϺá, һദ, ˫ֶԷӡ󣬺Լвͬ

, һΪһﻹϸһزŻϱѾϿɵ, ԣkȻԷ׵£ڵǳ, ұȽǣһȢþȻý㣿һŷĽ飬Ȼܺõһǳϡ

û˼˵˵Сͳû˼˵Ҳǲˬˡ
µܵܣýһ£û̫о
Ϊǰͷý㣬ʱչ˹Լ, ļҲͲ١
ߣ̳ڶ̵߽ҪԺ󣬱˵ıɽ
Ѿûݺý㣬϶Ҳεһ֡

ĺӣμڵ߶ǼΪϸĳģ½ֺӽķޣ˭Ҳûй
ֻ˵θУģһҲ½

ֻõܶܲˬŷΪý׵ܵܣõĸоֻġ
ȻԼǻÿô죿
ҵý㼴ޣܸеﲻ죬ɵõĻöҪ

ٳٵòӦڵسɫԣk쿪κýĻ·˰ɣ
˵ʲôûֻﻳģõĻǸҪô죿
ԣkΪǵѹᵣģҵĳŮ
ôرǷ

ԣkƲƲ죺û˵úõļֶúȡȡʲôѾѾ
ΣյۣһȣΪʲô֪Ҽý㣿

¹ĹʵûôأֵҲûаѽùڿСŮ̫ﶣŶ࣬ϼʶҲֵ࣬ܿμǲҪ¡
ýǵ֮һ

ϻͷһȥҰݷʱǸѾý㣬һŵظˡԣkû˿ΣգүˡʣҲſʼ٣ý׺۾ҲϹģȻһΪף⻻һͨ·Һôģɣ˵һ˵ҵòǲɺµС֮

Ҿ㱻Ѿʹһ٣ʵͦеġ
תԺʱԣkԺɣӵܵͷֵ쾡¡
ôǺˡ

ԣkǲҪѾ
ûаģֲɫҶ֪Ѿ㣬Ȼһβǰôû˵
ϻ˭µ˽֪ԣk¶۵ģңý㲻ֻ׺һЩﲻһǰһ˳ǰǽұ죬ɨˣý㲻Ҳ⸱԰ɣ
εö

ԣkڱԹ鷴֮һ
ԼýԼˣǵάһ£ýֻǱȽϲѣôûʸ⻰ǰı֣ͺý
ǰرװˡ
˼⣬ԼﵱȻûɶãǼֵҲգôԼҵرϲ

ԣk㱻ˮҭүһۡ
治ӵطʵѵⲻʵʤ۱磿
ԣkһڣӲת˻⣺ǸղŲڳŮһŮǿ϶رɰǿɱȡʲôѾ֡

˲һһãǻرɰ
⻹湻ġ
ģǼҲŮġϿĻãǻúúȡһذ˰֣ˣȻӦˣһüǵ

ԣkҲղŻⲻڣ˵ͷģһҾ˾˲μӡˣԶһҾ˾˵뿴ĵطɴѡһ죬һȥˡ
Ϊ⣺Ȼԣֲʲô˵顣

ӣö£˫˫ݱˣӹ˸еĵ顣



Ӿ飬һ֪
Ů½ﵹһЩ̥ĶӣͷһһŮɲǰݵġ
ü

λǳ⣬Լĺôܹϲ
½ΪѵǣΪһĸף֪ĺӣһЩ̫ͨŻãŵ࣬⼸Ѿһס
һ̣½裬ӵʱ֣֮ܲͲ֮֡

½ҲеۣǺ֮ء
ǰȫеĹϵ½ҲڷܷܵѾϰҪһ֡
һ̥½Ͳˣǰû뵽ʻܻУҲˡǰҵĺ̫࣬ԭԼķҲӣ⻹еֲ

۵ͯ½˼顣
СƽѾķһʱ䣬һʼֻţСڵӦá

ԺνӰ½͵ĸŮСƽ̫ҽӽģǺϲ׽϶⣬ڶĵġСʱ򣬶ܰƢܵˣ˿̸ǲ̫ҷƢʱ˵һѪĻ϶ҲῪʼ

Сƽۿɼؿûжĺӣ޸ѹֵġķȴǽȻͬһ˺ͺ֣кҲ࣬Сƽµľ֣ʱ£ʵ

Сƽˣȴǲ̫ˣ֣ҿȽϺͰףôܾܵͱȽϲһѪģ
ӽΪôڵǷ¡ƽķҲʹöԷһ֣ѧεһλø硣

½۽һ飬Եؿûɶ֪֮СӡͬƤӣһ飬еػԻ壺˭ܰ鵽ƽǰ֪µ飬ⲻǹ̼£飬Ƚ飿
һƣǵ˵˲㣬ֻƽõܰȥһƬģѪ飿

ĸҲȱ۵ˣԭ
㲻˸ˣ

½ƲסЦ⣺ƽ̫СҪĻˣҲõȵƽٴһ㡣ǰͣҲǽʲôʲôСƽ˼
۾ף𣿡

½ﻹظСӣһĵĶԻĸ˶ǷӦģӣ䭸һϲǴˣ

ĸҲͷֵ̫̫ܳйξر֪Ǳϲˡ
ӸˣӹϣӺ϶һϢֵ̫̫Ҳűˣӣ˭ȥÿ׼õϲǮ˼Ҫﱨϲˡ

ȥɡȽȷʵܿ죬ɲ֮䣬Ͱ׼õϲǮ˳̣ɰ
УĶ̫̫ҾԽ޴һϲ¡ҲãֺǺһЦһأˣϲǮ
ӵı£ӱ˭ģǷŻδоһ¡

Ź̫һӾը˰ĴӣһЩͷʵզ£ôǴˣ
˹ªŵˣȻǵ˵İۣϢҲ̫ͨӿŵ飬Ͳʲôܣ˼ҵĶˣ
˻ǹªûһļٵģǵĴֳһţĴӣҪһͯѣһߵĶˣϢˣ˵ǴǲرܵǾү

ˣˣһӣһҶжһã
ԷҲǡ
һʱ뵽һ£ȵȣҼǵĵĴӲǲʮ𣿵ɺҶüãʮŹԹԣ̫Ϣ

һ𾪣˹յ˼ڴǲصλ̫ãŻϢԴԴϣֹ˻ǶһףҲͷ׷׵ظϽ̽λ÷򣬴ԺȥҲһĺλøˡ
˿ΪõķͷֻܱԵصµҲǺõģܵظ˵ǱȽϲܿģҲһƬТġ

˵˼һ˶ãڸ˵ظϲǮӣӾ͸ɾʮӵһò˲Уôϲ£ôֺֺܲǣ

ǴĲһģüΪ˷ѵ飬ھϱԼһ̫̫ϰ߳ԺһЩ
˿̣ӵϲ£̫̫ȻĲһǲģֻ˵ʱܹıһˡ

½˼ڣΪɱŮĸòɫͦеġûּʱΪСӿƾٲŲ˷ѣ½ɶУ̫̫Ҳܹӳ汾¡
½ﻳӵĶӣǿľ߼·ˣһҴСֻ½ﻹԱΧʱֻӣѵðؼ

ƣΪɴˣϣǳɲҪ̫ˡνڣָʵǲҪ̫ˣܵӦ½ѧһأͦҪģԵӴӦˡ
Ȼһ룬ⲻϲֳٵϣ׵ǰϻôһڣҲһԸߵˡ




82.     Ϭһͨ

Ϭһͨ
½ǰ, ѸӾ͵ִ˼һ糾Ͳ˵ǰͷͬ, Կóǽ·Ľ
ǰһ, ½ﻹڷһЩδӣܻõϡﶼûȥԣһͷ飬˼ͱ, ʲô鶼ûϱҪ
Ѽٶǿһ

½ʱӶ, ٸܱܵе̲ˣ˵ĽԸ, Ȼӵ֪һ߽߱ǽǡ
Ȼ, κ飬Ѷܹг, ҲΪԼʲôӦ벻֪, ҧβһ̣½Ȼ΢ɫ, üô죿ҺоԼҪˡ

ȷŵ˵ĵطŮĵУ½ȷԼҶСޣƺҪסĸ׵Ķӣڼһͷ硣
ʹʹȻʹģϧνΣƣ﷭ʹǲ, ½ɫҲֻ΢΢仯
ǵģĺģͷƣ΢Ĵֻϸꡣ

½ɫôɵôҺǼңʡôﴫǼҵ
˲俨ˡ

ܰŪ½ǽգգۣеʹƶûɶӰ죬õӣΪˣ㵱ΪҲ֪ǲ⣬ȻɷһУܹԺҲٲҴˣҿ˶ۡ

½Ըͨ͸ʣٺãǲõ˿һӣΪ˻ŶˣѾһܾ½δֹһ֣Ҳô档
½ܶϰߣҲǼӵܵӰ졣

½ٵеֶݵĻȻ֪ʲôһ𣬲ҾҼȻڴӦ㣬ôһӣҶȷ֡
ĳŵ

½ӣģȻı仯ʶԶʤʱĳªΣ½֧Ųȥģüβò˵½ﱻļѹ𣬲ûƵ衣Ĺ֣治ʲô˶ȫۡΪ˻ס߿üζվδ֮ӵˣᱧֻټһ¡

һ̣Ųʲˣ¶ĿʵѪͷģ˵ģƣ̬ĺ˿ġ
۵ģִ֣ɳŶִţʱһ
½ȻȻкܶ಻ѣҲвòֵɡ

ڣ½е˼ΪӲǽ
ʱεºһᣬΪԼ޴һҶĿ

ȥ˼Ļ磬ǰδеĿ⣬صŵԣһȥģֻҪ㲻ſҵ֣ҲԶٷſ֡
ʵϣ½ҲӦĳŵ
һεΧǣ޷ȴȻҪרΪһ·ʲôʱȿǵĶ
½ȴЦס֣Ըһ

½δΪֻһɥûδ죬һǰǽϡ
޶˵ĸӣû˭˭ᡣ

ĺ⣬˲ѵ޷ſڣһ˫겻ĺִŵעβż˵ڰɣ
½ﵹǲش𣬵һۣк𣿡

ˣټ¶ӵȫЦݣȻʱ½ȴܲ˷ˣšһ£Уһ£ǵĺӿҪˣ㻹Ͽͷ˿ŵġСȥвŰ



Ӵɫһ䣬ٿ֣Ȼһ䣬ٳֵľĵسȥˡȻҲû˱Ըɲɫ仯ôգ۾ͲټݷһֻǸ˴

Ҫȥͷ·һ̧ͷûˣҲʪۼ̫̫ҪǲԼͿˡ
Ӷ룬ĻæǴ˹ȥŹϱҪˣĊȰչһ¡

ӵһɤǰ羪˵ģʲôļҪˣ
̵̫ˣкȫ˳
ȫһһʡǺسǵĲ𣬴ʱûǰ׿ģô˵ͼţ˰ᡣ

ֵܣٹ񫣬ҲȲҪ
ǿɲСʱһûûεġ
Ů˵ڹŹһء

վǾϵģһһ̫̫ɽ֮治˵ٵġ
Ƭ̣˾ͿʼָӣӣȥˮӣȥǰʰõļӺ޲ӣȰչ˺Сƽ
ͦε̾һ̣ҺͶ绻һ£ƽõֻһĻ϶ǻ޳ġ

ĵ䭾ʹ㻻һʽСõܣȴֻǵһµø硣䭳Сƽ֮ΨֲǻûĴ磬СõܵĻӭ
ΪˣⶼسЦã˭Ϊʦǰûпһϸ

̣ˡ
̶̼գҲ֪﷢ʲôôֻҪԼһţоɵ״ƵӦŶ԰ɣ

Сƽչ˱Ƚ϶࣬뷨ͬԼε꣬ҲƽʲôԾĵط
ⶼСһ
Ǵ°

ŵʱķһӵ˺кǽġŵĻĿһɨȻûһǿõģл۰Ĵӡ
ǿҶԱȣûһ̣о̫ԭôҪĴڡ
¾ûҪӵģĪʹ棬ӣҪϱúõؽɰޡ

ŵȻ̫̫Ӵģ˫ףϽ㣬ϲҪһ
ۻŮͨƪĺûǧƪһɡ
ʡһأ˼Ҳ
ȴѵѾôȿҶϱ˫̥ӵһ¿ɲҪ̫졣

ӣϽиġ΢΢һ㶣Ϊԭӣ½ﲻͷһ̥Żӡġ
Ȼͷһ̥˫̥Ҳûʲôģһɵر֤ģǾϵģҵĺӶҽģһβ˳˳죬ƽƽ
ӵ˵ͷȻˣҲҊ棬ɶǊϱȽ϶ࡣ

뵽ղŵֵķǮûδȸǮ˼ңһػòеʹ
СӣſӡǰͷӵʱҲǿó޵ģһοɱǰظ¡һҲԣǰûзּҡŵͣҲͲһ꣬˼ʤСӵı֣ӡá

ôôãȴôôۣ˭̫̫ͼ
Ļôŵ̫̫һЦֱӾ˶һŸ
ѣϱҲͱҶԼô

СӣͱϽӣʡñŵʱҲܲ˺ǵľסӣۼһѪˮ࣬ͷһӣԭô£Ҳ׵顣⣬ѾľǷԼģټðٵ亹

½ĺӣģ˫̥д£ڻоŸ£˸µͷϾǺܼ
˺ºģöʹİ

ģӵŮˣ˳Ἣ
˵ˣ½ﲻۣоˮϵӵٶȣܹһ㡣

Ӥ죬һǰһʡ
оһǼΪĺӡ
⣬Ϊ޵ĳͬһʱ䣬¶ȸԾѵЦݡ

  

̥ĳһϲʤȴ֪ͬһʱ䣬һطڳü
ߵͷͷȺӣһֱڽǵĵ𣿡




83.     Żͷ

, ԳΪ߿ȺСǰɵöʲô£ڶĳ, ֺевǮ, ĵģҾöᣬͷҲ

ھֵˣȥȥ˲١
ڵķ̫߰, ͵Ļ, ΢һЩֵġ
УϡһЩֻǼ۸񲻷ƻ, żҲ
Ľ, õĳ൱ΣҲǳɳ
ʧеá

, ھֵĺ, ǿཡ׳ģҲһЩȭŹ
޴, һҲǣϾ˫Ѫƴǻˡ
˭ϧ֮ˡ

һԣЩʲôھֵ˴ؿƿ
صĴ£ҳ϶Ȼߣܱ˿ǡ
żΣھֵɻ꣬ʵǼܲסһͷˣԼزס, Сĸй¶˷
üΣҪѾǩ飬ңͷ϶ᵱڣǲԼֵܵ˿

ΪһѴçӶһڣھֵĶۿɱ̶ӻҪٸϰɡ
иխĳˮڣͷ̫󣬵Сɶûе򣬳Ƶ൱١

Сһ࣬Ҫ͵Ļ
̶ӣֻԣҺͺؼҵĹģпɣҶԼһҪˣܰæ˵Ļ޶ġ
ʱھ־ܻЩˮ
ֲʱУھֵһƱֵܣҪϸˮһЩСӾǹ١

ھֵڶ֪ģԲŪڳԺڵ飬СĽӶ࣬ܲס˼һá
ƽҾˮˮһȺɺµĶӣεҲ̫ǲΪ⣬ֻҪŻ˾ܷһƽͷƽɲˣΪʲô⼸ⱻȺɫߣ㶼޶ԣֵ֪֪ܣڻھ֣ǲҪֻΪһЩϵ֣ȫǵС֮ˣ

ھʣˣ֮һͷ˵ʵ飬ȥĻĶ⸱ģҲһ¡
ٶھֱɳĥĲɣףεû취˭˼һɽҲ֪ʲô¾ķӣ֪ءε֪أƷ¶һЩ⣬Ϊ˱ӳͻûжӲ֡

˲ƿԣСˣ˭Ըǹټ
ס߷߲ƽĳ·ǲǵöһЩȻǻǮؼҹӣܲһֱɣ

һ롣ͷͬǾ£ü壬˼룬ûõķӡ
ãͷֻԴȻпյĻҲ԰һ룬ϾӿɱҺʹˡ
㻹湻ҡ



޿κεز£½ͬҲвĵ顣
ӺͲһѲ΢ʰһ飬ĸͲųš

һˡ
ֽ˲˵Խһ¡
½Ŀº͵עţѾɾұСӵ̥ԺӣҲһɣ
½ﵹǿȺӳɲףӵԸԴ⣬ԼԸأǹŮ
ڻз޶˻һ£ɾûˡ

˵ӵĸо̫أ½һЩݲ̫޶˵궼ȱݵģ½ϲӵˣʵҲĹΪ˺õĸĸ
ҲڣʱûвŽ飬Լĺӡ
ϱʣѵĺ΢΢һģġ
½һʣǲ֪ʲô

Ӳ˵ϹӻţҪҪȽ
½ԣһϹԸ⣬п϶йתһ룬½־һû壬ûش

ǽɣֵܼҿɶˡ½˵𼸸ӣҲ׺ЦⳤģȻѪͲûиСʱ򣬽ɫ׾ˣͷֲν٣ϰߵֻЦӣͷ˵ǳĻǲǾͻˣ

ѵһڣʵҲ쵰Сӣڸӵġתƻ⣬ѲŲüӽݣƻϱе䣬ϱѵúһΣǰǱĺӴţҲҪ˵ĶӴţʲôʱܹɹ˦һЩƻ޸С쵰

׵鲻ԸؿţӸ̬ã˭ûƵġСȫ˵ҲûУںؼ׵ͬʱһĵشյߡ
ѣ 

ֶӲТ˳
Լδ¶ǵĶǼǿޱȡ
½գ۾̫ʱͶעԹΪĵʵ˺öѪû𣿡

ụ̂վͷ͹˵ģѪʲôģ᲻ҡ˵һѪˮɶġ
һ˲䣬ݷ𿴼Լûģղŵ̫ô᳤ҷߺ޼׵һӾͱԺ
һЦӯӯǣ޶˾һ̤ʵУһ˺ӣϿɵĹ¶оӯů˳ȥ

ͬһ̾̫ˡ
ûҲеСһ죬Ȼûˣһɺ˼룬ţȻԼһùԵĴˣ
һϵѹ֣ѲõΪظ̫ʵĸо
Żͷ
ΪҵĳķĳӣţδԺӦ磬Ե׻׻̵

һ˲䣬ֵܶ龳ûߣ˫Ȼ˭Ҳû˵˭ѻİ˵ǰɣ
½񾲵ֵۼ״ã˺ôһǰĻҲûκ

ǵܵ𣿡ͷһ磬һ˫۾ôģѻһһЩܵãôЩ󣿡

ġ½ﶡĸоûУͳԭļ䣬ĵضݵճģҲܵһССġģٹ£ٳһЩƤͻףʱͲѿ
һ˵һĸоԭܵǺһ

ӵŬϸƳ޵ģɶֻ̥ܿȷʵر
ھ֮࣬Ҳɴᣬʵһã
½º͵ؽɣֱߵãֱߵǵܵܣϵĲʵӦÿó
˵û취ܵó̫ˡ

ϻô˵˫̥ѵҵ廰ĺʱûʲôÿˣȻÿˣҲóȥϢϢ
ſϱ

벻֪˻øհѲߣҪúðϱӵĸ˼
߽ӣͬʼؿڸˣûŸɻкöණûʰǼȫȥϱϢ

̫̫ΪǽºӵĲ˼ҵĿ£ٶҪǾܣ
ѣǰʯͷԼĽţ

ӵģһЩԸƵ׵ҲԱǵЦЦ뿪٣ľѾûзһ־δĸо
ӶǶµģӻȲӣ˿棬ĿһУôҪָ𣿡

ȷʵԱˡ
ԭİʯǼС쵰Լҵɽ̫ꣿ
ò˵ʯ湻صġ




84.     ѵĻ

ѵϱ̥, գʹӡ

ͨĴӣûô, ̥, ԹǺüס
̫ͬţȥӱϴ£ֻڿǻྣһЩĸ, һĽӡ
ǰ, ;½ҵĹŮģ˿˼ҵĴӣ, Լ̥

ֲ˼ܵǵ
ö൱ĸ, ޲ʱܹȻ½ҵĹŮƸϱȻ, Ҳǳġƾ½ҵ, ûһЩӵ˼ңҲû°˼ҵĹŮƸؼҡ
˵, ½ҵϹŮԸԸ޸ӵĶӣԼҶӿûһźƤ࣬˼ҿۿɻһ½۰Ůǳ⣬ʲô°

¹û⣬һЩ˼ȽģҲ뵽ԼǸģΨһľ, ⸣
һϱզô
Ըĺӣʵ񣬾͵ȵȣķ޴ǰ⸱ûǷּԺŷܷϵİɣ
һķּҳִ˼ҲԸ֣˿ǰѷ޵ӣҲвٵΪּҲűϽ١
ǣĪģʯˮһֵķּҳ

ʯˮׯڶǳƼã˻Ҳûгֻ֣Ҫڷܵ˼ңҵ׶ϲ٣ּҲͲʲô¡
һӣּӵشٳԸּҵĶôԼҵŮˣǺøдֻһӣֻԼ˱˰
̥Ȼټ鲻ˡ

ͷ٣ȴΨһ˼ҡ
˵С飬ʵʱͷܿϧĸĶӾԲһˡͷβմ϶ˣܼҵٶĿࡣ
ĸĶӣһӹѵҲѧùԣֻҪдһֽң̬ȵĻҲʹ࣬

Ѿܹ˽ӣĸĶҲֶͬΣĸ˽ӡ
ڣûмʶմĿ֮ĸҲͺ޷˽ӡ
ĸþĻнĺӣͿ๦ߣҵĵλ˵һ
ĸû˵Ҷ̫ŵ˽ӣ

ȵ״ʱԭȴƭֵӣͱ͸⡣
ͷһΣĸƷưͳԻп˵ζ
۶ûֲֻһӣ֪һУֻɨأȨյĵλ¶Ҫûˡ
벻֪ĸĺΪʵմĵ׵档

ʲôģĸڲصһ޶ëҵĵҲһЩ˿̣ĸǺûڵֵһֱ̾ء
û취ϵĻСģƿӵ˶ȥָµظɻ
ɵˣ

ÿÿٶһһӵ˶ǲµģȫҲֻһ˼ҡ
ٶ࣬ɻĿɶǵµŮˣĸԭȻغϲ㣬ȴɶˡ

ĸںڣѾҲںڡ
˵һụ̂ҵ˾һˡѾĺӻӵֱҵϣ벻ܶС

ҵʱũȫңŮ˲ֻøŮ˻ƣ˵ػһϡ
Ѿʱ򣬶ûô۹һ۾Ļơһ޵ˣֵܰĵģͷմĵʱҲذĵضˡ
ѾҲûƷ治Ů˵˿żңԭôĻƵ

ռ޽ţѾһЩ֮ĸȻǧá
ʱ淺ѾǲµģѾҲûлʶĿֲ֮
ҵĹôм޳ļֵϱȴܲĴڣĸʹǺ޹˼ɡ

ĸӹŮѪľٶŮ˼ңܿҵıʡҵˣǸϷĲǮȻȢϱġ
Ѿ𿻵ΪȫӵĶһݡ

ĸûӵķ꣬Ŀ˳ţѾȴֺͣµĶҲ˳ƶΪһڣÊһϱ¾͊ͣţǽ첻ԷǲǣҲУ̫ʡһݿǰ䊅һڿĹ֪ȫҵŮ˾͊£Ҳ֪Ȣɶãɥǵķ

ѾǺδֵ߳ģݷص˵ͷӵʱĿ֮£ĸĵӣǾѿ䣬СϱУֻһ˱ǹѪͷȫȫʧӡ

ػһѾθԼҪȻĸȴǰ˵Ķ¸ݲȣ
ֺ޵䳰ݣԾ͸˳ԼµĴ£ԼȷӦúúóеµĴ¡ģһúõſĺ³
深ټ޵һգĻ


ѾԼٴγΪʧܵˣָ⣬ĴʹӸ˲һ̣ߵƶص顣ѾûԣΨбסӣ⡣
ǵģҪƲԼˣȫ



Ѿ쿪һ֪֪ҲûʲôҲϡһ˵쿪ǻԼͷϡ
ѺȻѿԲҪˣҪȥº֣
²²

ѾñһЩԼϵѣȻϱˣһЩٶȾѣºˡ
λҪһۡ
̼䣬ʶԼĿģ¾Ҫֱˡ

ȵȣȵȣѹŵĳƢһҲ⣬һֺáܲסʵҲʲôˣҲֻ˶֮˵һڶԼֿɱȲǰһλһֵĻǿ϶ȫˡ

ſǡɽΣֻβûͷһ˷ܵҪȥ˭º֣Ҿҵֲ϶԰æ
һֱһһԼֻ֣ǿ޻ᡣ
ɵȱĶӣӵĺ¡

˫ֱأκؽҵⲻǸӿǿǿ֣Ȼһ޵֡
κû׵üɫӦ壬ȻóŶӵ׵̫ˡ
˲ۡ

òװѲŵĶӺߣǰ˵⣬һ֣ˡ
һ򲻵ѣųüھֵھֵ⣬ﶼġȺСĪҪһȻȫǲߡ˵ˣھֵĵǣķڷ˵ȺСǲ̫Ҫˣ

ھ֣ĵڶңϾԼѵʱ򣬾ھ֣ҵԶǵݶ飬Ժܶߣȴʼûгߵͼǰɲû̶ӣ̶ӵʱ֣ǮҲǲͣΣ˵ǸС
ѡ񲻸ĳԡ

Ҳã֪شˣʲôƵǵٵһصһλҲܵƷҪ·ġͷ˵֪شˣǲ̫ɵˣ֪شǸӲģԺ϶һѵ鷳¡

ûзϣ̯֪شˣȷʵǵСһ㣬ǵĴǲµġˣǨģȻƲǶͷ˾λȷʵѹ֪˵ģ֪شɵȱģȻ϶Ǵӡ

ϵ鷢浱϶ֻʥ˲ɣͷĻʵĵֻࡣ
һѣΪӦ

˵ҲǣǴ⻤ǿһ˼û¾УĻҲֻܽͷԼעһЩ

ԭĵģֻһЩС£Ӹһۣɢ˵һЩС⣬ҿͱͷúܶԣûҪΪ飬ͺһЩͻʡ޶鷳

Բػص˵ÿɣ¹ƴ£ھֵǿɻοء
ѵǸо˷Լʱ䣬ûʲôÿҪһţͰҳסһЩеûģһЩķûˡ

ѵĻ
ĺڵʵ㡭ǲʲô⣿

ѻҪؼϱҲͲϹӣǴ󷢴ȱƵģӻͳһͬԣˣҲʶģһףҪ̸⡣ֻǲݸѣͬͷԼȥʡһ⣬̸һϸͬϾǳ⡣ʲôģҲ̫ģһźͬ٣̸ɵĻγھֵĶ֣

ҲʶֵģΪ˲ƭҲӲҧѧ֡ӹһֽۼصֽϸϸشµһɨĿ⼸ǲŵ΢΢һ

Ƶģɨһ飬̲סЦû뵽㾹Ȼôϲ£ѣ׬ˣ
ѵǲôӣô˼Ҳýѣǿˡ






85.     Сǽˡ

ֵĺ, ԼϱÿѰһ꣬Ⱦ˳ȥһ, ԣϲ, ҪϸԼճޣһŴֲڵ˳۶ˡ

Ǳ˶ӵģʱ̫, ǻ, ȻҲͱӡȻޣڻʱ, оĲ̫һ
ȵϲҲ̫, Ƚʴӡ

ۺ۵Ӣͦü壬ǵĸоһ, Ū½ĸоڶ, ½ϵʱ򣻵Σ޵ĳ

ľ, հ׵ȱ
ԼŪ½ȴǱɷ˽ԼΪΡ˱̸ЦӦ磬ܶصУȴһһεѧϰ½һ̣ԶʤԼˣܶʱŪı׾ŮĽǺķദ, ½ŻżѵĿݡ

Ȼֻѧϰ½ԼҲѧϰ޵ĸʵǻɾ͵ġ
ԣеķܹ£ּ᲻˥еķޣȴԼƳһǽѶԷԼ޷ķΧ

νԳֹʱڵǧݣݵ٣ʼնƫǧ򲻺ãӷӵʱȻѡͣԭأֻԷһͷˣԲΨһĶӣȴҲԼֵһ档ֻϧ˫׷󣬴ӿʼǲͬģ۵ĵ·ѳעĽ֡

ٷּԺΪ˲úνԿ࣬ҲǾԼɳʱȷʵܵ㣬¶ѯϴȴѧϰ᲻úνｿ۵˫ӡ٣ļز

һ㣬˼ûнķкӣҲǱ޽̵ġ
ֳ淵ʱ򣬿ɴδΪϴһ·κһٵʳ

أһҲҵģͻæܻ󷹣þŬţΪʢһνü۾ȫʵֺãһԵֺģֻᷳöԷһУǹİɣ

ŵʹӡ
νϲͿĭ֬ˮۣϲΣÿ׬ӣǻõطͷΪݰãνŻڿҿҵÿ״򲻶ص
ڣһ·Ŵţνٲ㲻Ҳû˴̫ĽȻܹ֪Ĵ¡

νͲмֵ沣ϱҲݹأܵõһЩҰũƾʲôͷϣ
νԸϵģԼһȡ
νܵĹԷ󣬾ĸӹ󣬶ͯķŵ˵Ŀ沵ĵλԶʤԼ

ţͷνﶼıֵܣٵûɫ˵ǲһЩ֣
ʲôֵģЩ˵أͳܲס̫ĸǼͷˣɳҶ߶ţȢȢ޻ҶҲҪȢӵͣʱҿɵúúõŴ۾һң뱲ӵָɲȢһٺĶϱ
һﵹǻȻ򣬿ɲֵܵϱһѾݣһǺòײŶӣôĶء

пģֻǿΪνȷʵлص·ϣܳһڵĻ
޸٣ίŶԣ

ٵСνֻеЦԵˣԼĶӶԱߣʶûһ
ν˳⣬ҲǶ⣬ȴǺһӵŮˡȫԼܰѲĺӣֻʣһ룬ɷģ˭ҰӽУ
λֻǓȵʯͷǼ˽ҵŮˡ

νﲻֻûӹӣֱ룬Լһڵĺòˡ
ٵ֣νֻԹۣһʹ졣
ȻĨʹڼ˵ķ⣬νǵӣʵأԼĶӣƾʲô

ٵͷʰص£æõȲˣ̸ֵоǿӲˣһϢĶӡ
ҡҡͷѵõؼ־ܾӣҲᱧġ

νＫ˲Ĵ𰸣ïʢĻЪ˹ƾʲôʮ»̥ĶӣʲôӦʲô
޵ÿվҪһء
ʵϣԶһһĬĬܡµûдģõ˵ϡ

Сƽ֪ĸΪԼСظ̣߽ķ޵ӡû취øʱʧСƽҲ档ø߽ӣҲǿܵȥˡ
߶СƽƶǶ˽ȥ
ͲСƽ޷Ūֻʶʻ㣬½ӽƵ

½СƽϤģһʼĿ־壬ֶԷδСţ˴ǣǸ뱣Ŀӣһ
Сƽӣ½ﵹ죬Ѿ־һΣСƽֻҪп־岻½Ͳӽӡ

ʱǿ˽Լһ
ûʵĻȲ˵ĵߣСҲǻ¶˼
ľ飬½Ѵȱ˽һΨԼսʤԼ

СƽСɽȫȻͬСɽѾ˼ֲʧӲĵĺúӣνԱҲֻ⣬ŤԼĹ
ȻСȽϺӵġ
½ṩģֻǶԨǰһ֣С벻Ļ

½ﾪȵͬʱСƽͬȣֵĴ۾ǺſڣССС
䭻ԼСĽǰҵĵܵãһǿɰƽһμɣ
ĵػؾСƽʱͱǳó󡣡

磬пġ䭼ܶΪԼ粵һС黹࣬ʱ˵ģɲڵܵǰƻ󡣡
СƽȽӽ⡣
۾ôģݷڵʲôϡ
λã½ѣСƽǵһθô󣺡ףСƽ㲻ˣ
Źֵغһۣô׵˸еĵһ档СӣǺõĲѧѧһЩİɣ

СƽûСøӰ죬۶СüζҪ͵͵ֵһ£ϧС̫ˣֻܸɵۡ
½һпСȻǺģֵܻСʱСֶҲǰ

ģСƽͷһθֱӵĿ⣬½ƳĿһЦһС𣿡
Сǽˡ

Сƽصص˵ͷ
½Ĳô£ͶӵλöԻһ£ȻСƽطŵ޵Сơ
ССֻ֣ĳܿɰȫ֪СƽĲ˱仯ƶʲôȴֺЩʲô




86.     ˳ģòԡ

϶һͺĴӸ, ʵ˵ĵԣӦǴ½˰ɣ

еļӣ֪ϱġ
ֲڵ͵ؾһЦ
Ϊ, ϱڼҵԼ, λϰ߼ʶ澫ɵˣݵģǻᾡһЩ

ÿڣлԼ, ȢԼϱ, ⶼûк֮ǡ
ϴֵӣҲ֪Լȱ㣬һŮ˿ܲԼġ
, ϲֻ, æٳһҵĴСи֮£һؼ, ϱ˵ʲô, ûжҲԲ

ʵ, Ҳڸ̾Լһ޶ɷ
ûɷһɽżҵ飬ûôõʩչֽš䣬ڸյģʵǿӲġ
⣬Ȼ˺µĴֺҲǵµӣڼȴǷ¶Լ

֪УҲߵӿҪȢ͡
Ѿû, ̾ʱȻܲٳ֣ͷûзӰæ

ңɷвѣǰһ⣬λҲ˵һЩʲôԼ˵ķ£˲ûˣ벻涼ѣףڷʲôҵˣǲǰﵽʲô
ԭΪ˵ˣҲıҪˬ̹еھһͷ˽˲⣬µֵܵƳ⣬Ȼһں⡣⼸꣬ھֶٵ⣬ھֵֵҲΪС˱ĸꡣ

һȻ˴ĺϢ
СӣҲֻǾô棬ѵĵæǣ߶ѡ˭뵽ھ֣Ǳˡд϶꣬˭ԣģٺҲֻн飬ھܵõ⣬ҿǵÿһߵĹϵ

н飬ԣ飬㿼һ·ϣҲûĹ仰վǾòһ·ˡ
Ͳмġ

Ҳҿüʱȥھֵʱھֵ̼ţͷȻڿҪҪĵӡزס͵ĹͷѴҪƿڴ
һ£ⲻ˼䱧ԹȻͷΪֵƿǣԷ»˵ƯʵϾǲʵϣ˺׾ͳϴ£ⵥҿǲӵĺá

ϲһȻ֡
þõòӦͷ¿ӵĶϱʵѲÊΪѵĴ£Ȼô⸱ģ

ҡҡͷǣֻӺδϱİֶѣ˵İϵģͷǰǩԲ˵׻û뵽ôķް֣ǼҵӦ졣
һ˵еͬһ£һ뵽ʲôԵһЦӼȻύѣҲ׼ңϱҲһҵġ

ģϱδϱû˿̸ǺøдĸͬظͣԵ⣬ϱûѡ˼ҵĹŮҲܴ˵ǴӵδۿҲɣʲôõ³̣

Ҳͷʹġ
ƷԼ̫ѣĸ˵ԼҲӣҲǼͻѣԲһϦ֮óء
ϿûԼңҵĸ׵ģöӾĹ̡

ȴ͸и壬СӣȻʾ⼸һǴȥͷ߼⡣һͷҲʲôûģСһǲ۵ģĥһ˵ǣ΢ۣСӻ￪һӣСӾǲϷݵģʶһͷСӿµѹһӣ˳⣬϶ʲôӡ

ȻСϲٶӲֵ֣εģϸʵ˵˰Ĵæ˼ҵĺٹþҪ£ǲǵȥ
һġƵģһԼӣڊϸģӲ㶼¡
̥żҷ򸾻Ÿʲôźá

ȵ̥һģҲֻżҷ򸾶ѣ½ҵҲˡ
Ůӣ½ĸҲŹΣ̫̫ʵҲϹŮӵģ½ȴüһ̫̫ŲϴѾʹ࣬һͳй

½ֻεԻؾ½ĸʹˣ̫̫ΪԼæô˵Ҳ˵ȥӵӹǣ½ֱӾ͹˵õԼסԶҲֻʱʱҩƻȥϣҶ϶ܹһ¡
ҩҪʱģ½ʱҲ÷̫͹һ˲Σͷҵʱ򣬶йоؾӶࡣ
ȵ˳Ǯ·ӣϵĽá

½½ĸѾ֪Ů׬Ǯ£Ů͵ý񣬶϶İõؽܡû취ܵĻŮ͵Ͼ˵һЩϵ
½ĸ˭ӲĳƫƫϹŮţʱͱϹŮ˵ͷ̫̫ϵԺҲƷζյȫա
½ǼԼϰ飬ȫ˵ϹŮԼģɴෲ¶̫̫
½ĸܾ½ҲͲܾ

ǰЩ꣬½һûзּҵʱÿյĽ񣬾СӵĽڴ䣬Ľһһ½ҵĶϱǼǸˣĽϣôһôТ˳ĹŮ

СӸռ޽ңЩ궼ǿ½ġ
ִ壬һЩŮˣֻǿߣ˼һ۵ص½Ҷϵĺ³ôŮҲ϶
˼ҲֻûĶѣŹŮӣ½ĸӻһһֱͦӵͷһأǵ½ĸյʱ½ֱӾ˰ֻȥһߵһϯһԡ

ֻһҵĹŮ͵ôˬ
벻֪½Ҫлˣʵһֻȥġ

½˻ûʲô뷨ִһӣ̾ˡ˼Ҽ޳ŵĹŮĸղֻ͵ûǴԼһͷĹŮ޳ţȴֻ޲޵Զл˵޵ý˼ңһţӰӶûţ࡭զô󰡣
ЩŮ˼ңԶֻüʲôȴ˼Ҹʲô

ļ꣬½͵ý񣬲ֻѣͲҲеģҩҲһЩ̫ݲ裬ʳĵģ轺ͻȵȵȡ
ִˣ˰צģ˼ҲľˡȻľҲУⶫҲԼϰ

½ĸҲһ档
ÿ̫̫꣬ϲ飬յŮĺöȻҫȥʵϣֻ̫̫ҫ½ҵĶϱҲҫ
½ҵļɩӣɻǵЩӵ䣬ÿǼȻɾҪһŵĺס

ɩյʱ½ɲһЩСɱԼģʲôСӣ
Ϊ½˵ģ½ֱӾٵִǣˣû֮һ
½



½ĸ½һ˱һޣ½ĸŮڷ̥ñȽŮⱧŮֱŹŮСʱզզϲ
½ĸǰڼݵѱ֣ƫۺĸ޶̫̫Դû˶Ů֮϶λġ
Ӷ񊅱Ƚ϶࣬Ժ϶ǿСι½ĸֺǺǵһۡ

ôãֻ᲻᣿½ﵣ˵ĸ첲ûⷽ⣬˻ȥԺ󣬿¶øе۲١ڣǿԼٵ˵Ļ԰ѺӸûϵ
ʲô᣿½ĸ˹Ůһۣ뱧һ̥մմϲûӣôû𣿡
½ӣⶼܳϸʱŪ˵뷨

½ĸĺ治٣ӵƼΪȻɵüΪ޲ֵģ½ĸ۵Ŀ˵ӶǲģһǴģһ񊅣ţȻҲҡ
½
½ʵˣ͵͵һۣ̫ŵĲҪȻ׵Ҳ뷨ġ

Ů½ĸûֵᵽ̲סʵĺӣǽĸ
£½ü۲䣬ͦº͵ӦǰҲ֪ӻȽϺá

̫̫Ľһ½ﲢǺܰ˼ҵļ˵½ĸҲʲôˡ
һʼȷʵֹ䣬֪Ժ󣬵ͦͬŮҲǣŮӵǮΪĸһ˿еĶţû뵽˲ֻûһһЩ̫ã
ЫĳĶϱݵٵʲô

½ĸ˼дϣĸŮҲȷûʲôڵģ½˼ֻþػصû취ɩԷҲûȥʱĸǵ춹ġ˵ԼҲ᲻ãĸҲͲò̫࣬Ȼĵĸġ
ҲǣһͬˣȰõġ½ĸϲúõģСƽòֻ̫̫ԹŮûĺӣҲѩɰҲԹɣιû֣ɩʲôˣ
ôĺ飿
˳ģòԼҹŮȴǲС

ϳɾ
½ĸӵһʱͬŮ沣һЩĹŹ֡
ҵļ£̫̫Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣԼϹŮż̫Ļͳӣ
׼ҲҪദ֮

ĸŮ߶νͬʱͬҲһͬ¡
һصϸˣ׷Բ֮µ΢΢˸˸⣬ݺģΪڼΪ˼ĳһˡ
ǣϸϵ߶κεС㣬ܵõϢūǸ˰ҹҹū늅ٴ㲻ˣū󣬾Ͳ֪ūһ˼Ŋҵٴطꣿ




87.     

, ǴּĴָĦţŮǰԼһɰν֣ǺϣδŮ, ܹһޥĵĹ, ͬʱţŮܹҵʳĺ˼ҡһΪһƾΪū

νҲûйĸ׵ϣܶļӼȲ㡣
ϱϻο, ӪӪ, һжΪŮŸõĳ·
϶ΪŮҵõ˼ңֻۿŮϼµһ̡
ĸŮǩµ, ǻ

ϵ, һֵĺ
ΪѸǸԸһͷ, ȴɲġ˵, 뿿æһӰˡ

Ϊĸǿ
ҵ, ǻ֮ģû˻Ϊǹ¶ĸ㡣Ʋѣֻһ˼ңΪ

μҵļӣҲϿ£ŸһŮĹĸ֮õĴڡ
ǣ˼ҲͲΪѣ, úô˳ؽμҡ

ԭһҵĴˣûжʱ䣬һǡ
αĸμȴǾûԤõ׷׶ϸֽƴǡ
£ĵù£䵽սμңûĺͷϡ

Ͻرݣмμҵıӻ֮ԴμҵĴС㣬ԶԼŮҪġ
ʱ򣬶ŮһЩΪС͡
Ϊ̻һУȴһ㣬ϰõŮʲôΪԼ㡣
ϱʣһŮʱ͵ףůЦС㲻ǹġңԼȡС·һҲһءнǊķԸҲСġ

ʹƿԡ
ϸ˱žߵŮԼŮȡŮ
һ̣ŷô꣬ԼЩʲôĸʧ֮ۡ
һϦ֮䣬ϵͷ˲١

źɰɭȴź͹˼ɹǳԹﰡ֪ԹԹʱҼλǸŮˣù˼뵽ˣûﲻ˼ҼǶҪˣѾô࣬ΪƫƫҪÊ޷ǡǼʶ֡

ĸŮٹվܳƽգμҵȻ޹أ˼Թފܹӹһ٣вʰˡ̴Ĺʲôˣû˱ɺΪъ̵̫ƺ桭û£¶ɥ£ģ۹˼үҪΪʲôֻҪܹ֪С䣬Ϊϧ



һյ˼˵ţϾЦˡ
ԭȣСغμҵǰϦΪҪѺüţ͵͵Ϸ˵ķ
ֱ£ϱμ̰@һ£ǣУϾŪһССŵòʲôţݺͨż

ʹ޴Сˣһ˼˾Ҳһ
ɺ޺μΪһѪͷһڸǣ̫ã˼Ϳڣϳָ֤ĻȻ˲ţȫ˻ԡ
ѳɹ޵˻Լ

ϲ±ǣŭ˼˼ûԥֻͷų˵Ϣ
յӱ޵żϲģպյӱ޵żϲ
ֻΪ϶ӼŻˡ

ûյ϶ӵϢżǵĵġ
žǣǴ˵ĵطڽײϵˣʲô׹ݡ϶ӵľݣŵǾģŵﵹǲƵġ
϶ӵԸǻǣĸף붫ߣĻ̫̫ҲǷŲµĲ֮һ
ӣէ֮Ǻܶ࣬Ϸļţ϶ӴϵӣһЩ̫ס

΢΢һ̾
һԼ״ҲͲʵдЩʲôȻôö˶˵ؾ̾
ڻãһھҵԵɣ뵽һף̾׼ᣬһؿڵͷģ̬ȣǵ϶ҲϾһ̫ţնòϾ
֪Ͳſˡ

ʶѾ̫ΣԼ̫Ų϶ӻãһ뵽϶ӵʱͷһ˾
ۣ̫òԣ
ʢػصԶԶԣ̫ӊ˵öԡ

ȴǾﲻ̫⡣
ֻϧӱСƽܡ
Сƽںڵôģ˵ĳʱɺǵƽӱһЩ

ͬ˯ͬסСҲǶ˲ٵĸ飬ϾѾþöûչ˹ӡһͷֺͻֻӲ٣ؼʱ̫Ĵܼ١
ѵı׵ЦеϺ˵ĸоһЩ⡣

Сƽһӵͷһۣûкӱ͸õӴһЩǰҵĸˣСƽڶķһҲˡ
̺ӣɵģķ޵ĽǶӣҲķ޽̳ӵ۾ֲϹ϶ǻӵȴӣ϶ϱǲŵģûٻģҲĲָ̫
ô׽ķޣɼ˼Ѫġ

ӷŵǵƤӵҲãȻúõĺӣ˵һӾܸûˡӵĲӵˣȴӲذ˸̫ŵ̾һŮծѧ̫һֲܣ˭ԼҺ۵ġ
ȴ⻰ʲôûˣޣǵƽȻƽƽĳͷ᲻˵

һˣСƽСϡӦؿָָӣȫֱ֪ӰԼϰŪһһġ
Ļʵһ棬ѹͷӵҲѹ֣ͷϲľһӡ

û̫ŵĸ̣̲ס棺Ϊʲô϶ӵĻдû𣿡
϶ӻſҪӵ𣿡ӵĿⴥСƽֻð˵ĻضӣΨһۣżͨƪǱƽĻֲǲ֪϶ӣǱϲǣ̫ԼھĻ

ͦϰģǵ϶õϱļױֱͦ
ɲ𣿡и̾ǲģǵݾͲʲôģ۵ģ϶ӿɲ͵ܵί𣿵ģһϣ϶ܹҪǱǸۣһҲĲ

켴̫ŵ˼
뻹һЩһ뵹һЩʶζ
ø˵һЩʲôֻøɰͰ͵Ҳ̫ģٹһ¾Ǵˣǿһóɼ˼ҲĹ𣿡
벻֪ȴ˵ɥĻҾǵ˵϶Ӷ飬ӰԵĳɼ




Ϊ˵һɨ˵Ļŵʱ¶̫á
Сƽϣϲŵʱ
һӶһֵĸоСرϲǾû

½ͳӣ¶˶Ų£ͰﻵˣҲġԼ޵⣬Լҵ˽֮΢ſֽҲûϵġ
ۼĸʧ񣬺ûע⵽СƽҲ˳ӣҨһ׹ȥ

½Сʧ䣬ЦݿƽˣҲСˣԼԳԿ𣿡
Сƽһ㶣Ҳ⵽ʲôرص˵ͷƽԡ
СƽڱŪ£ʼСս

䭱ſȰ˵ƭСǲԵģȴܵһŹǽȥŹȥ
ѵ˵ʱ򣬻Ƕൽͷʹ˵гɵĶ͡
òڵسԼȴƵƵʾ׵һ
ѣСӣͦʹӵġ
Ȼɰ

Ƕô£Ҳ֪ŻҲⷽܶϣдʲôõ𣿡
ѵ̬һЩģɲΪӣдһЩõ顣

⵹ûСӡ֤뷨һЩ䣺Ĺͷܵܽס˼ң˵лȻҲСĵõϱļױŵڱвС࣬õ˹ŮļױҲǵܱܵ˻Ʒеһȵĸо

ҲǲǹƤһ£޸ãϱļױʲôԵģҲ͹ϱļױϱȥϳԺ֡
ˣ

׵ĲҪҭ˱£Ȼӻ׵һء
⵹ޱ飬Եر򶨡
Сʱ飬ֵһЩӡȷԼȥԺúȺõġڿɲΪ⣬ֻΪ飬ٷְ׵ߥ޵ġ
ʱʱӵӣԼﵥദڻһҲϡ档

þûӸҭˣͬеģĵƤӣγٷȻҲҿ϶ӲģȻ̫̫Լ첻ԷֻΪˣ̫Żóɶ
ѵؿһŤɫ

½û뵽ޣɶôԼ׵
½˵ıŤڽŽԼȻѾôʱ
ˣ˰ɡ



½Լˣһ˭ҲȲҪ֪ͦзִġ
ǰϹġѹȻûΣǻۻеģסҵլͷֻҪȥϹΣֻլͷԹԶ飬ӿ϶õģл̫ࡣ
ˣ

ӣӵݶ˴㵡
в˵٩СүֵܼǺں֪һЩӣȴ֪ԼҵӣԭѾھլӣ̫ˣ

ӵɫŤһ£˼̫ŵĶ䲻̫ã˵һ𣿡
˵סլӰҳǰиҾլӵλáװ޹˵ǮլӲͦ𣿡

լӵǮΪС£⻹ûʲô˵ġȻǶԼˣˣܲͻǲҪ
ȻͲϿӻӣΪ˶֮ڡ

䭶զǼôԣ𣿡
ӦûаɡѸģɵػش
ı鶼һЩ΢׵ķӦ͸¶ɣⷴ˺档

ӺȻԼе֪Ϊεģⲻģ̫̫ȱ»
סµլӣ֪飬϶ǳԺ˯ãɶϹġ

⾩ǵլӣǲܾˣҲˣĸò屨ӵģСͷô룬ľôɹỳС˸Ҳġ

˳˰ɣѲôػص˵Ҳãø˵һˣ˵ѵһˣһլӰãһЩĸоʵ֤Ҷδѣڲó𣿡
⻰զײˣ
ĳһ棬ĺ½ĸͦĵġ

լֲʲô¡Ѻܻᵹһңô֪ӣᾡһЩ׵飬ܵԿɱȊûҪǿûµլӣ϶Ҳô׾ܵ˵Ӱ졣
һ㵹Ƕͦĵġ
ѳѶģⲻӦõġ

һε飬Ӳ㶼ҪʡѲ̫ţ϶̫ûģ
˳ǣ̫ű·ɹ

ҪҪҲ˵ƣСƽȴ⧲سˡ
СƽԵ⣬˫ȴһ飬һ뱻ı飬СͷҲֻܼһ仰ƽ

СƽϻǾæӳԷһ£֪ﻨãͱʲô˸еġ
ʵϣôһլסϱͶ뷨ֻǸеģһЩл֮顣




88.     

ǡ
ѩ׷ɵ, ããź£뱻ڵɫ, Ҫ, ΨΣδܵɱӰ죺괺ǵĿ½½ϵ˾ǣջѾס, ҿĲһ֮, ȻǷ޶ˣӦҲǽͷöˡ๫̫, ԭΪʱѧ淶淶еĹ, Ȼ֮ˣȴû뵽Դ, ǾȻ˳ʧľֹ

κԸΪ˷, ΪмŮºѧκҹѧſҵ, ҲʱԴ޲Լ
κүүһλƷ٣Ŀǰںµ£ĹϵҲҳƷڶ覴õˡ
ûеĳǳһ˫۵

޹ֺ׻·Զ뾩ǣĸ𾩳ǳʱҲֹģ˵һЩʲô
κ뵽ɷ, ǹس˵߲ѡ

κ߲߳ɷ˶ԴȻ޷ΪֻعֻΪ泤ĻҲʧֹ
κѾأɷǱȽϹֱӾͰھһκҡ
κ΢΢һ̾

ɷȻֻһũӵܣݱȷǱȲϾǵĸӵܣκȴǴδڳΪһҸ
ΪǫǫӰɷʵԼѡġ
κ飬δʱ򣬾Ͱһ˸Ž

κԶǵһյԪѽڡ
ϲϲֵΪͷһϽֿ֣ȫţ˺˵ĳӿ˳ͷҪûĶˣ䵥ĺӺ͹ȻǵĿꡣ
ɷӦ䣬ѳԼֳκ顣һ꾪ĶǵĽգĿŵоκŻ֮࣬ͬҲɷ

оԺκΪһ֪أµѧҪעġ
ǲԵκУþͶ֣κĵĻϲδ֪
ڣر⣬ڶκȻѡһˡ
һõıȷʵܹκȴԼĸԵٻ֮·ĳ롣
κҽõѡ񣬴ӿʼǲͬġ

ֱκûкڵѡ񣬳֮ʱʵϴǦ׼벻֪޽ңɷ沾㲻ǸܴĴ㣬κͦܽĲû۵ŵ븻ԣκ޵ñκ˶ټΪ˸ӣԶĹãøƽҸ

˵ԣ֣κ̲סȻ𾴣û뵽Ĳɩԣң޶ȻܹڴͷعŴֲ赭ӣǵĸ߲硣ѹ֣๫֮ʱǽҶķĸɩĹƷȷʵкֵܶѧϰĵط


Ķף㱻أԵظ̾Ūƹ
ʱҲĸĵӣΨһȷϵģƷ߽֣ĸմϱߡ
ɷ΢ı飬κûע⵽ڷʡԼ֪ƷԵ˽ԼۣĸɩȴΪӸ縡ơ

κ˼ңҵײǺܷ
κӵһǧӵױ⻹κĸףеĹϵ
κһΪŪÿһЩļױƸ񣬿Ѷȡ

κסլӣΪϴģһլԺȻκɷסӣҲһլԺضζԣκҵլӱȽϺãⶼǹټ̨ͤ¥᷿Ժľ³̶ȣĲסլӸʤһ

κǲͨĴС㣬ĵضΣȲĹءǣﴦ͸¶ɵլӣô˵Ҳٲǧӡ
κΪԼĴеޱȰա

ķ򸾵ҵӣκδǹŸģ˶ܿĸȽ๫۵ĶӣκΪǴ󲮸硣ԹӳΪһҵĴ֮ѧ̵дӵĻ̲סɷ
ҲϾԭ
ȻЩƫĵĹκҵ䳰ȷǺ߸⡣

κԼɷȴûк⣬κʲôˣûҪסκҡĸ⣬ôͶʵ֤ĸȷģǰӦǵû࿼һһ뾩ǣͱ䶬ѩ
ⶼδʽԣǵĴ򣬾ͳŵĴڡ
̾ƾٲףָĦϵ壬׵ľĵȼյøʢ



ղţ峤ȥʲô
ﱧ޵Ķȴ쳣ӲͲ׵ӣе㱧ӵĶУöҪ㱧ò
½Ϊ˱˫̥ŮͶӴС·ǲͬɫ

һϳãƼС΢Сüˣ쳤˵㻹ǰøңȻһ㱧ˣ̿϶㡣
ѣ
һҲ˳ְ޵˹ȥӵĹŮһ䵽ĻϸСüչ

Ҿ˵㲻ᱧӣ˭ֵܻСʱ㲻һŮڲ㡣
ķʢ˥ΨһҲֵܼͦϲ
½ﵹһͬʣȻһѶչ˹ŮҲͽչ϶ӡ

ѵǷĴһۣ˭˵ҹŮңĴ
ΪȻı顣

ѻ˵ۼȻִӵһ塣
鷳´ǳֳ飺峤ȥΪ˸壿

ǰ峤Ҿš׵ɫһЩŹ֣Ŀй¶ɻ󣺡ҾͦͨģҲʲôԾĵط
ѵıͦ΢ģ壬С룬˼һΪǶһ޶ġ

ôûֵԭһ峤ҲͦģϵһЩͷû
û⣬һѵƷСʱʱһСľͰѼŪˡ
壬˼˻ͦġ

Ĭ룬ò֮ģԺ϶䱦ϵţûˡ
ѲΪذ˰֣㣬ֲҵΡ
Ҳ֪峤˵𣿡ƾԼ˵ɵת˲Ʒ˵ٵˣҾһ֪

һ£Ҳֻ׵ǰ͵͵˵ʵʮ궼ȥˣ˺ããģҾҪҵ˵ĻᲢ󡣡
ңҵô
ļһЩ޽ˣԸеΣһ֧ˣ˵ΪƷԲУͬҲܰ˻εķΧ
Ʃ磬Ѿ

ûִӣΪ˽Ĺ̵ģһǷЩ飬һˡĳһ棬ǵ峤ǰ齻ˡСӣҿרĵ־ˣ峤ˣҲ㡣
ʢһΣǿʤ˼ܸ˵ˣλֻںԼˣװԼ١
ôһ룬ԼȽϿһЩ

˼ΣӷһףҲͦؽܣҾõ˵öԣ־Ͷ֣ûôˡ
ǡоСЩСʱóеϣڸֱһԾóеϣ
Ҳ̫ˡ





89.  仯   ΪûĻ½ɫ

ϱ

ԹԹβ, ˫ֵļƤ񲻽ð½ںˮĶܸоԲһ¡
ҿ, Ǽ, ܿס֡
ڰˮ˽ȥһת½ͿŲŵˣʳָڴ̥, ϻرֱ׳СޱȽϲ, ϲģҶôá
½Ȱַ¡

ӿɲŵ棬ǰæ˺ӵʱ, ɱĶ¡½ֺЦ, ޲ż´ѣھ, ̫𣿡
е

½ǰĵԼִ, һ°޸ڿˣ˿϶, Ȼһᣬʱ򻹲ǵÿ壿
ֻЩʹֱɵϱôÊˡ
ǣұˡ½ر𵭶ЦذѱȽϲ޵϶͵ɷĻǵĺӣ㻹ǵҪӦҲ֪ڿʲôĺҲֻб, ȥСǳ˾Ĳϲ㡣

˵ĽĺǿȻǿģҲûִﵽĵ
˺ܶ飬ʵԶʤʱĸףϴҲûв׵ĻһѴĽޡıȽеģƺ޴ӱȽϣĻҲֻǳԵĲ̥֡ĳѵ̬Ȼ죬϶ҲͷС
½߹꣬ܿұһ档

ѽӹĲ׵ͫɫ仯ǧϱʵֻҪЊˡ
ȻĶӵƼȡ
Ů˵ģȻܸ仰½˱飬üµһϣŽܸ࣬ΪҲҪܵõࡣ

Ĭãѵĺ˵˳ʵûоǳ˵ʱܹɊһȫĵؽǣѾ

ѱͲĺˣּʶڰһ棬ķӲǽôܹߵƲѵʱ
ӵǽΪӲǳģҲܱʱƿȴˣԶȺ˶̫࣬ĲԲ½⣬ıѻѪԵܶʹɱ֣ʱȥһһϸ
ѿĵز½ﻹռ˴Ĳ֡

ΪûĻ½ɫ˴۸ӵı仯
Ϊ˵Ϊ˵һݷ֮С

Σ½վˣаɣά״ԴֵһԴ̥ˣҾھúܲ
ӵϣòŶѵ౧ԹʵϸǺܳġ

ûµģһӻĺܣ½Ը޲еĲԲΪԾûзֵԼļࡣ
½۴ȰѾڻϹŮӤǸܵʲôССץסĸ׵ʳָ
ܵƤȵĴУΪĸĲԾüһ䣺ҲһСޡ



ϣܹӭϲãȴȥӰӵУܶ࣬ʲôȫͻҲȷȻ

ڴСĳȣϱС˴һشƫԶӣС˰ƿ飬Ź˵̫̫үͷţСľͲȥˡ
ϵ˵ͷٶۣ󲽵ش磬һĨϤĳӰӡ

үþòǷǷյĹûڹ˼ҵʱܹܶ⣬һ緢ˣӼư׷ʯأҲʱķâӡ󣬺ϲпꡣ
ϵֽԳһЦ̫ŲҲͬ˱仯

ף֣þòõδһйÿɺã
ԲԵлĵǣūȻһаá
𣿡۵ѰζĸоȻϾʵ֣֪ΪҪҊ𣿡

ү๦̽ūϢ³̵ġϵʹͷ¶ū飬Զūĸ࣬Ƕһ𣿡
һ٣ҡҡͷǿδء
ϲһ

ȣ˼Һòײ𸴣ֻǲٽ֦ע⵽ϵ˲䣬״һ˸⣬ֻΪ¾ΣƵĲ˿ó
۵ָŰǵعңϺֿɲǶһ٣飬ɱȲϺ֊Գ˵ϻ˭ܵõαŮΣҲֻʣһˡ

ΣЦһūɲΪԼôı¡
ҲôС㵱ŮԴԴ֪λףʱݣȫɢϵĿģȫ֪𱰵سȣʮҲĬĬ˻ظеλá
ӡ

֪λȲ˴Сģпԭ
˼ҵϷˣ˼ݹأ¾ģ³ȴū澵ģǲϼӲҡ
ϸͬܵԳһЦ
͹ϷˣȻΪôһŮˣԼÿص⣬ǻд³

˵ΣɲǺģպεһλҺ͊ʲôˣһ֮ˣǲŵġһЦϵţҲ˹ȥŮϢ늅ͷݣ϶Ըҵһаɣ

ڣûãΪ˼Ը⶯Ŀġ
ǰ̽ҲҪõϢ
ϣȷʵϸһУΨɷ֣ǴʲôأĿѵǴݡ

˹ʮĵȴûа׷ѹ򡣵ٴſ֮ʱҲΪػش𣺡۹үҪЩʲôūһϣްɡ



ģϸ˵ϸһ㣬ҾԲаɡ
˫һ£û뵽콵£ĶǶ̫ˣϱǿ϶£ŵõһôõֵܡ

һֱԼϲʲôȻΪŮԼڷһ㣬µԲϲġ
ɻҲУһҴСɶſ

Ҳϸɹ̹˻ƣֵܼȻʶ֣ʱϣԶڵĸԣ֮ԣģöε֪شˣܸʵ¼Ϊ

֪أֻƽشϵķչС
һĹѫ˽ϵԺĹѫΪԭûɶ̵С޽һСͷ
ε֪أΪƽʮĺ£ϵĸı䣬治ǳϦ֮ͷġ

ԣҺͺؼңΪиԵĹϵζŲϣʮķչСűӵش
ͷ˽ϵԺߵĹģȻ̫󣬵Ȼ϶ĸ

ǰûлᣬԺʶֵӲ٣˼ҲҪһЩп׹ϵģǡ߶մϱߡ
ʱԣϹֵܼ˵ʶֱ¡

ûĹ˵꣬治ԭԼܸɣϲ顣٣˴򽻵ǼȤ
ѽѽѽľȻҪϢֱӾͽ豾̣ǿҪӯ
ܾܵĹû




90.     

쵽, ϲ꣬˻ӭԷķΪһϲ, ö˼Ҷ˺ɫĿհ״, һõͷ
ŵʱҶϾйľ飬һ, Ǵ, ҲôС

ʯˮ壬Դϴ峤Ĵ֮£˸಻˼, ӵķһֱпɵġʯҲϴ峤ϸѡĽӰ, ȵסֱƷԣάŲķò
Ĵ峤, һѧͷ, 𽥳ɵСʯˮбĴӡ
, ʶ˶ˣһЩаҲࡣ

Ƥǳ˻ռҲԸ󷽵ģôд
ʯˮ˶࣬ôัдб£ҲϲϹʱ䡣ãŷͯҲǺͷһ, ҲͰץһ׳
дҲֵһ֣ûʲôõġ

˻ӭֺһҲóӣڶûеȴ١
ϻżΪë֣߲Ľ϶˵㲻ȥԺˣ

ţˡֵܴСһ飬ŷʵԸķֵܶԣѹֵܵĴڣСûʲôġ
ŷŹֵУƴһ˿ΣҵҲ֪ûǵͣٶȥҲһΪܿͯʵѾڱӵĽ
λ̫ڣ˭ڴ׸壬ɶû˵ģѾӻҪ

ԸסЦǣǰôûз֣Ͷʵͦ׵ġ
˵»òף󷿺ĳǻӣҲ͸ͬ
ǰҲûзֵһ㡣ŷɲСʱСӣҺͶ㶼ͦõģǶǱϲ㣬ࡣ

ԣдֵĶͣһ£ȻüʵýҲһˡ
Сʱ򣬼ýУѾýӡ󣬺׵ġϵģ˵ͽԺý㵹ɿ
ȫ֪õܴķûؼʱģǴŵܵʶ

һġʱŷر̹еػص˵ʱҿûڴ㡣
ٴЦҲǣоҲ㵱ԼĶӣҲֻûסһѡ

Ҳҵڶŷӡʱ䣬񶼱Ķ࣬ԼɲСֻҪûžˡ
ȻҲǴӵĳ̬ÿģһмʶġŷö಻飬ǿһӲܽ
ûһģܹĵز

Цݣ⻰ɱҶСд衣
ŷϲ䲻ϲģһӣЩطûɶ仯ⷬǷϲһ£ҵϣдһ£ǼһжŲʮأԿ䡣
ϧ̻ˣȻĻŷǰøд裬塭ǸٲԵĺӣҲ֪˲Ҫֿԡ

㻹յؽˣУӦý˼ҽǰɣ
ŷ᣺롣

״㼴޸ͬһ£ŷľỹڳεȻ󣬵ԸȴҪɡͬѵĻǻԣĻλͲǺ⣬о̫ɿˡ

޼޵ĹûдܵľᣬѾߵַļ£ѯʵҷÿɻУ
½ӣ̵ָֻλŮ죬ĹϢһ£Ҳûлķϵ裬Ϊ½粼˹Ρ
ҲرɵԸĿҵ½ڼ겼ϵ߷첹һ˫Ӹ͵۹⡣

Ѿǣڴ佱ʱԼҴѾȲŵó£һ£ҺŬطԼļ£԰һʲôҪĵط𣿡
Ѿ

߱ĳ嶯Ѿһ֪ڴصŻش½ҲûйֶŮĿ⣬ذæ飬ڷּµϸܣҲκβҲǼΪȻֶŮԼҪļ£ҲǼΪصġ

½Ц̣˵ֶŮڴĿ϶߻ƽܶ࣬¿ԿóģƵŶûеߣҲûҵϸһĵطҲȱ㡣
Ѿ÷ƤƤʱĸŮȴֺǲġ

½һûѾͨ죬ϲá
ѽѽҮ
Ѿ

ѾҪί½ȴҲûһȴֶŮѾĽҲܾˣϧûһЩ֊õŮ⣬ѾûʱٶһЩѾĻԶѧһЩҶѧһһ֮ܲʲôµġ

ģѾϽ˵ͷǹķĺ¡˭ķܹԸ÷¶ȲѾ͡

½ﲻԼеؿ沣Ѿĺѧ붮£һʵѾرϲ׽½ﲻһ֪˼ҵ׹Ů̫ҲáСر׽ģɩ÷ûڽ̺ӣ½Լǿһ֡
½δͶ໹˼ֵӡ

Ĺ˾ģ½Ϊ˲⣬ٵȻ߻ƣʱûʲô̫⣬Ƚ̊ױ硣

Ƴ²뷨
½֪öԼò̫ţ󷿹òȷʵѾѾĸŵ㳤ġ
ĹûôڣòҪ˵ĻҲ̫ڡ
ο½ΪŮˣͬţûгŮˣֻŮˡֻҪҶ˰취ܹΪ档˵͸Ҳϱߣ˼ҲǶ˶ġ

½ͻ룬öһ㶣ױ磿
½ＫĽͣһӣǰѾҪţҲѧһѧױԼҲǵɣ˼ҵС㣬ͨҲӳϴ磬ǲǲͬĳϣϲͬױΣ

ͷİӵĹﶼ۵ġ
ĹʵʣѾҡҡͷֻСС˼ҡ

ֶŮĽȴûĿ⣬½Ȼط֣صŵ㣬ײŨЦ⡣
˵ʱǲֻġ




91.  ѯ   Ѿ㣬˵

û뵽, һԸûͦõģ÷ۺ͸ƤӵĶ䣬ƤϵľһȦһǡôĽƤͳˡ

ķĹϵ, ٷһĽ, һ𣬵Ȼ÷ŵġɩӰֵıԣʼնһǲ, ˶, ȺĸоңϦһӵԱգ¹е뷨զ, ˶û˸һ첻֡

ּ, ͷĳܲܲˡ
꣬ﶼǵլ, լס, һҲֻŲķӡ

껹Ҳ, һλ󲮸磬ǾԼһĶڼˣҲֻѾεرŵܹܵڶλҲ沣λͬԹ޶ӱ˱ߣ֪Լ֣»ᱻĸһƤɶ뷨ҲŶԸ̤һ

÷˻, λģȻҳϦղţǲţⲻ±ˮĭӸûꣿ
ˣͿһ飬Ѳλǲˣ

ãôôӲ÷һ߸Ƥһ߰צģǰҵ˵ģѺӸûʣ¼ǲģ
÷ʱֹŪպεĵǰɩ淣ûһλദعصĵãպεĺôһЩ

½ٶҲ˺ȣԷһƤӣҲͬһŽӡ
½ﲻûֱش𣬷ʣ

÷һ˼飺ⲻʮָմˮû뵽ӾȻһУҼҼӴСû¹ңⲻǺôӵģôȻô󣿡
½ΪɶĹעô֣
⺩˵رĳ⣬½üһۡ

һɨԷѵһӣ½Ҳ˳ʵͷϵӺûһģ϶ǊԸİɣ
ʶ꣬λٵһ˰
λ˼һ£ҲǳּеСºͿûȴǴδߴûԼСҡ
ãûз޵໥ǲܵġ

÷һһˣ½ʵĿϾͷΪټĽɫȿȣǵ͵ģ˲һ֧ӻһǸɶ˾ǲȰ˵˲ȥġ
žͰҫһѡ

½ҭסˣûʲôȴȻûš
ȫ֪һһ

÷۽üҵϲԶ׼β˵δ֮ʱһԵĸͰ˹˵˵ϵĶҲҪһߵĽӣѾӮô࣬˵
ⲻǷ

ʯ̰ŽӣԴӰᵽķ̫̫޻̸Ͻô׽á
ʯҹ¶ĸ̫壬ǲɻģϾԼҵͷ˼Ӿµģɻɶ
ԭȵļգӶһԻһϦ
գþһ̻˵Ȼá

̫ŰõĽӣǲ٣ϱ˺üʮţֲ˼Ҫﲻסڡ
ӻ÷ͼذһգϽ¿ʼƤĶ
λֵģȵĸƿߣֺɿ˵λ沣ǲ̫ˣ
÷ɲΪĸǺӣԲţΪڱŴУȵڹ鷳

е㡣½ﲻټͬһԼһؾ͹
ڣ÷ĻͦӵǰûעûͦõģҪ֪Ҽ϶ޣѵý㲻ɤӿ
÷һ棬½ȴģǲ̫ףô˵Լӵ

һɨСƽһֶȷʵͦõģ޼ͣСҲûͬк㡣ѵһֵͬܣȫһڵֵѾߡ
½ﻭùͼԼиľͷģľѡľݡľ廨ŵģСʱֵܿǱڳˣǶͦóˡ
ȻмյߣֵܵǻúţȻ岻ͬ

ƽʱСƽͬøСߣøڶʱСһҲֺǵԼˣԸر˳һС
⺢ӵӣƺǱȽ١

½ﲻǴҲʵҼǵѾҲдܵ𣿡
ղѾк˵ƺӹǲ̫ѾֻȴܵȥϢ÷Ҳͣ´ƤĶһ߼󷿵ӣȻӹƢɲСҲѾƢãǼҵѾ϶úõؽ̵ܵܡǼҵ϶ӣҲֻ㣬Ҷû͡

÷Ů׺ӣ鼫Ϊ΢
½ﵹͦϲѾĸԣӲǡôҵӲһ㣬Ҳʲô£Ѿзִġ
÷ִ磿ŮĶ

ƻԼѾãɸֵʳָò᲻ص˴ѾţҵܵܣˣƢҲøһġ
ѾҡҡͷСʵûôֻǲһ㣬ſԡ
Ѿ۾Ϲ
СɽԴȷʵϹ

СɽĽȻͱʱץѾܵĳ棬ȻҲ䵽Ѿвʱ򣬿ûôųλҲͿ̫˳ۡ˵ˣЩʵʱָаһ֣ȡ

ѾϤСɽҲ֪ķõܽ鲻õܼվ䭸۶ظͣǰСɽ˵ûѾýҪһССƽɶˣڻСûϵӵĻԺ϶ûϲ
һûԱߣСӲֻѵһСӻ˵ֲϲ

Ѿ죬ѾΪΣҲ˳ڰѻˣʵǿòˣղţɫҰײҰ׵ģӦûʲô󰭰ɣ
СɽûٸѾһصĿڲ˳ѣ˼ˣѾʱ˯ȥ
Ŀڲ˳֣ͦѰζġ
ղãͦƴڻʵѾ㣬õѾ˯ȥҪչСҪȥӣ

źˡѾԴõҪ˵и飬ǿ϶ƭ˵ģûˡѾͲͬˣլһ𳤴ýãܷܲŲܰɣû취׽Ըչ̥ڳǰһϲദʱ䶼Ӳ϶
ѾҲͦӣȻڳϵùզ죿

аɡ˵ͷСɽѾȷްõܵӹȷʵǱȽϲǹŵĻҲȷȽϷģǾȥæ
Ǹղ׵үүʹҲ᲻Ѿæˣæˣǿɾû˼

ˡ
ĬõѾָֻ˵µѾ㣬˵
ѾСѾҲģȻûзƢʵ˵̫С˵ʲô

Ѿ¼ӴΨƵĸоǲǺ᣿
Ѿɶ




92.     Ѿûʶڵļ仰

, ȺСҲ̫ȺСӾȻôУǾͽŴסԼҵС, ѴͲᶮÿ, ϵŴ׵ĳֱӾ˹ȥƯĻɸ߿£ҲûܻǱһСӽסͿʼԸŴ׼ǵõŴһ, ҲҪԵġ

Ÿ˵, Ա߲뱻˵ϵͲطҵںõĺܣҺͰԽһЩġ, ǵ, ⲻõ̫Ŵ

׵Ĺסģȴǳӹ, ûӵҲ, дʵ͵Ϯ
͵ϮɶѺһ, ںĿֿͣɱСӻҪ䲻ö٣Ҷûٶһ

ͷֳΪô䭣ԸһЩ
һӣ򦣬ؿǲǵһĥһĥ
䭻¶֪ϴװɵң졣
һʱһЩСر, Ϊ걻ӵ벻ۼⶼѡ

һѲƶʲôֵȫʧ١
СɽΨһĺˣһ£ֻΪģҲܵǸĥһ¡
ƽʱԣ۲˵֪εֱ룺ǲҵ𣿡
СɽȻţ;ķ򸾣±Լ˼ʱͱ͡

ʵϣԽ̳ĺӣһûдŹ۲죬ĸζ⣬ԼӼƵ⡣
ڣͲò쵰ӡӲСӲҪĵġ½뷨ȫȻͬеı׼Ƕ׼¡
⿴˵۹⼫Ϊ׼ҲΪѵĵĶӻǵ϶ӵͬ㣬ͨ͸Ը񣬼һ̾ͻᡣ
һУһǺϵͲ¡ͷֳĲ֮

СɽŷСӣѵҪûôߣһǴˣǻ£һʲأܰĺϺӣױƭһ㶮ʱƣѾʵס
ѰΪСӵһ˼ѵղҪң⵷ĻƲòǣǰ˵⣬Ҫ¸飬Ҳϵ졣û뵽£ǿɵõóһ㣬Ļһүӡ

һ仰ԭôĵǣǱ̬ȡ
սĵĹӣĿһ˿⡣

ѻµţҲһûٹܺĻƷ䣬ϱԵõóԵˡΨؿһЩﱲкӣΪ˭Ҫ⣬ʼʹɹƭС
Ķô̺ӵģ

⵱үүģоԼҪۣԭֻǳһ棬ûһ棬ѾӰСͷҪµ׵Ĺӡ
ӵ̺к뻵һ̵ģѹǲŵȻüҲѧ˲ĺñ¡
ǲֱӣоһЩԲڡ

үĵľᣬѾı䲻ͳǡ
ʱ˭ģȻѾֳʤûвУ״羹ȻСɽһЩԾ
ǳ֮û



һŴףֻлҳȻ֪ƽأӮҴһ㣬ҵöĿ࿴
Сɽһ̬͵ػص½˵ģЩüֻҪ֡
һŹ֣ӦòҪôֵĵطͦ˼
СɽϵĶϺܺãȻҲ־ˡ

ƲƲ죬һ𳤴ķϣֿСɽȽľҲûж˵ʲôһʵˣѾʲôϵ
״粻ͬ𼸸ûɶоý㣬Сɽһ𳤴ѣȽһЩԭȣͺ￴СɽѾͷղע⵽СɽȻдһʡ
СɽϵĶȻһģûʲôϵ

㵱ҲϹСղ˵Ļûз񣬶ԷһģĶ͸Ŷһ£ҲûҵСɽ֡
ıζ˿ûйôĮˣ̫ûõġ
ûʲôϵСɽαȽȻҲºͶȣֵеѣҲʵоǿý㣬ΪֵõίȫݷǿԼųܣҾǿһЩĶѡ

ǣŭ
Сɽĸһͷɣûȫ⿪Ѿ˽»нô˵
ؼҵ飬ǰӳʦʦȥؼңý㲻Ǽ޽ؼ𣿡СɽоݣҲ˿飬ص˼״飬ûȥϣֻ͸ҵ֪״Ľ

ؼҡСɽĻش΢΢һýѾûĴý㣬ʱõļ䣬ûȫʡ
Ѿĵý㣬Ҳſʵý޽ȥؼӦûаɣ

ﶼûк׺ؼӦûд⣬СɽĻҲȷʵӡ֤ܲ⣺ýòɷҲѾʲôӣʦѾ˸κã޸ͦġλӹǶи⣬÷棬ܻĳһЩ

ϴѾ˵ͨϷˣҲٻĽ
Сɽļӣֶ֤һ;ⶵķޣҲͼӵһ
½е飬Сɽδ߹κˣһֱĬĬŬš

ýҲһûϹСɽʲôý㿴óΪͦģһЩ̡
ȷʵûˣͷҲֻдýҵĹ۸лС¹ۣ⻹ǲ̫ͬýԸĸֻΨǴӣһЩ̫ɲġ
˵仰Ź֣ѾѾıʵûɶ𣬿ǰС飬ȴΨýɸֵ飬Ϊʲô
ⲻźۼشԷҰŻضͷ

Сɽȴһ㶣Ϸʡ˵ˣԼֵýȷʵǺ񡣡
ջ˼ͦĸĿڣǵȻǶһ޶ġ
Сɽͬ죬½ʦĸĴڣλҲǼΪرͬص˵ͷȷûܱȵ̡
λҲΨ۵㼫ΪϣԲκεĳͻ

λԸ۵ȫԯޣѾĺöԸѾͿ̫ߣƫɶԷԼʣҲϲҴŵίԣͦʵѾţȷʵһЩ̫ϲ

Ѿûֻǿ˫磺Ҿ֪
ֲãǸ˭УΨ䳰ȷ

ѾĵУÿɱҺʹÿҶÊΪʲôôĲţɱ𿴶ɥѧһף˶ϲӡ
Ѿһ㵵ҡûѧ

Ѿôĵ׾ų˵öԷĻǣҾкܶӣͦģΨΨŵŵɲ࣬ӲʱȴһԡټϣڶԊ簮һܶԴģҲԴ˵̬𣿡

Ѿһ㣬Ϊһ治ԼﲻáѾԴܵܣȴŵ̬һ˳ֱ̼ܵѾ
ѾǾú뷨ΪϣԷÿһ仰˵ԼĿ

Ѿûʶڵļ仰һ
Ѿﲨɣ˴̼Ϊˣ淺ѾŮˡ

Ѿ۽޲ֲ𣬺ðβŰĿתΪᶨ
Ȼ⧲Ѿ㣬ҲҪΪһˣһˡܽһ𣿡
Ѿɶһˣ




93.     

Ϧҹ, ½Цгŵ⣬гļӼԵøˣҹҲüЦ, θڴ

Сӳ, ĿǰľǰССӣΪǳԵþˣԼһŮ˹СԼһһЩθڴҲԼһ, Сͷ, ȻҲһӡ

ÿһĺò˶ġ
ɫζȫ˵ÿкͷࡢáԲԲɼŮ˹, ֺòǷֱ
ʢҹ, ӵĶǽһۻҡ

ѱϱһӼĿ¶׹, θ͵ش, ĿҲûôƵ
ѵ̬ɢôүӵĳ, Ǿʮض⣺ҹǺͺһ˵ɻүȷҪһµνӦû鷳

ͷ˹ļɻ䣬̫ڶˣһȻµ²ȥϲ
ôӵۣȴʶطŵһЩС, ׽̼ʲô

꣬ܺϱͬһˣмСӵĹϵǵӡ죬ڵĺ¹øСӣתͷǿӵġ
ѰһʣĹǵӦ֣ɫҲֻ̬ǽǷ֮ĲޣСܵ˵ʱһҪݺͬӵģʱ˵Сһֱ⣬Ūþ⵽СݺСܵӲżѣԺʤǶѧһЩƭ˵ԺҲȽϲʶ˲塣ҵĳǺõģɲҪҡ

ŰɣӵĿų̶̫ͣһоݡ
㼸ӱ˿ӣǿˡиɻ˵㲻ûϵＸСӵΪƷԣԼ۾ɣ
ϸеҲǣӲģٻȥ
һˣ⻰һЩƫġϱ˵Ϊ˱ÿɺˣӲ˵

ȴѾ˼תƿϡ
Сͷʵϱأ
ѱ꼴ӣҲģһֱүȽӰԷ
²ؼسԼپһЩƤڽĸо
ӲͷƤ˵˲´ҹȾˣˡ

ٱûĶš
Сƽֻһ㣬ҲĹĵģûõЦݣ֪ķúܺá
ٻע⵽ķļֶӣʵͦԼӣȥժһӶʶҪҪԡСƽһʱٶӵеĺͯߣƳ˵ݣдĶǼûм
һЩӦĵܳ⣬

ʱСƽҲһ˴ӡ
ΪԼδҶӴʱ䣬еЩΡ
СƽûģپͱʲôˡֻϧΪԼ󣬴Լһ˷սԷιˡ
ȴͦιԼӳԷġ

Ȼۻĺ飬Լһʵģ˲ͱŵȡ֮
£ȻһЦжϱУҵ죬ŵġ֮ǰϴϱǲװģ˼Ըװʮ꣬лǴžη֡ϱǷҲǱ㲻ִ֪ġң㼸ֵܣһϱģڹأƻ𣿾ϱһ޽ţ۶µǰϴǻϱûĹݣһݣϱ첻µز£Ŀҵġϱֻ㣬ǲʵģǧ򲻸ãϱںӵϡҾһ䣬ڶ⵱Ŀʹ񣿡

ټԴϬģѵļַ緶һݷӡٱ˵࣬һ䣬˫۷ᣬֻûʹʧ
ȵȣȸӱ죡ɫãϽغ裺ϦɥҲΪ롣
һ޳̫Ų͵

Ҳ֪ɻ䣬»ỵԼһΨóЩʣҲ޵ġ
ݵȥ˵ӳ֣ȴһǿӡȻӵģһѶУеģҲֻһӡ
µʱֻҪôһĹǣ涼Ҫûпµˡ

ֲĶӵĺô˾ͲĿעӹȥȻϿƵı黹Զ׼ζӣȻӵѵϷơ

ѸݵذһƳһ۲Ĳ
ӵɶҲзܹģҲǾġ

ڽӺСͷע⵽󣬶⼸ӣҲһʤһꡣĵӣһԼӣģġ
ģȻҵһӣ˼ҳ˵ӣޣϱһ˼ӿ϶Ǵģɱ϶ϱľԴҪý̡˼϶ıԼϱôͲһϵģͻ۴ȣôҲҪùԼСҰɡ

Ķһǻ˼ԼϱϣֻҪȢˣ治ʲô¡
Ϊһӣѵǳ˳ǡ
ѵñ䣬˼ҵϱȴ˵ľԴӿѡ
ûһᣬһӵĺò˶ˡ

½ĶܺãһֱһĶԻȻôһ䣬Լ˲ͬĬһͬس˳ǣĬһ䣺Ķ
½ͦ΢ɨһ¶ɩӡ
÷һ֪ȻǺ£ϲЦӯģ˴ĵ׾顣

÷ԼԵͬʱû˸Ůвˡ
լʱλͦỤԼĶŮȻһЩѣʲôʮȫʮЩʱͦдĸ֮ġ
ŮҪˣ÷һ˼ֱģһؼкò˺ŵŮΪλΪܳԺúȺãǶһӺá
ѾŸճһСɽĲ˷ŲסֻĿӣ˹ˣٸҼвˣҵĶӶƣʵڲٳԡ

ٳһ㣬һ㿴Ƚиǰǹԡ÷ΪǵϱſǱȽϲҵġ
ӣΪıȡ
½ЦؿĸҭӣɩӺܶϹʵǱӰ죬ؾҲûʲôãǶԴŮ棬ƽ
Ѿʱɩӣγ޿йķ

½Ҳע⵽ֶŮĹŹա
ûѯʡ
СìܣȻÿԼɶǱĻ䡣

½ͦϲֶŮԼ뷨Ǵ󻷾ĹܿԼһɳ졣
Ϊһʱؽˣ½ŲֶŮʵϻɵĹֶŮҰģ඼ֻԼɳá

ɱһζˣȡ˶һֶŮõĿɲֻһǰ㡣




94.     

½￴˵۹⻹ƲϾԾ׼, ѾֶŮȴͦλġ
ͬǲ״֤ͬԼǲ, һĴ벻, һű˵ֳɾԼ

ѾҪӣĿȴվѡһĶֵأǧ˼תߺĸŴĥҪ, ҪĸЦ, ȥҲֻѧõķӡ
ѾȥԸĸɰӵĴĸ֮ĸ˵óףѾĸҲƷζ

벻֪, ˲, ĸҲӵĵ춹ġˣֶ£ˣĸʹ, ɱΪ˵ѾҪ١
Ѿ, ޵˳ĸ⣬ֶ״㡣

˭ĸݷǿѾСϷ, ˲мض䳰ȷÊԸ̫ţȴҲһ늅˭̳ģҪǿĴӣ浱̫ҪƸ޵µŮˣҵϱӵ۹̫һãòƷ·棬Ȳϊ㣬Ҳѹִ˼ϴӣҲһľȢ㡣һ, ûҪԼļϵ˭ŪףҪ̫ŵ鷳͊ӣ̫ŶҪÊҵĺΪʵ̫ˡ

һѾѪţµƤǱ˰˾⣬շߺ޵ĳ̶ȣɱȵµرҪʤ
ΨһңĸЦѡûΧ۵ʱ

ѾƺµԵ͵ôһȻĸĻʱʱڶǻҹշתߵ鲻Խع۲ˣĵʵʶλ¶ĸĻȷʵûƭˡ
ѾֱӵĿݷҪ͸ǰ԰ȻߵˣԴһԷ˵ĳнӣ۲ѵĻҪҴѾǿûõģڊǴѾãҲҵıãӾȥһҲûˡ

֪ΪεģѾȻ估ڼУе̵һĻʶֹ״޸ˣԭȫڼʴܹӵ˳ɫɷ
ѾΪɹ´㣬ӵĽһУû뵽Լ޵ˣԼĸһţȫһͷȣ

ںҹ¹УѾű飬¶ϸ˻ȻǲȣôͱҲں󣬱ΪһϵƣǼȻҵ˿ҲΪǿ࣬İѱɲõֶװţҪÊ룡

ҹҧϷ룬Ǿɾס
ƷϼƷŽһḻ
ĸռʮҴȨͱһƲϵѾͷƬӣŪ÷ֱ

ѾɲһԴĸмֳɡ
˭棬ôҲͬܰ¶ԷĶ
ػһѾɲΪٻڱ˵ĽŵױߣļصһӾ׼֡

ᣬ£Ůףɶ˽
ĸص˽͸⣬һݵТܻһµס
ˣֱǼΪ顣

ĸٿ޺ԼͿ๦ߣµȴûһʣ͹ӵףȻԶʹ¶ġ
ûпԷ̯ȥĻĸװģۼ׻ʵһЩ
Ϊĸƫۣɷģܲˡ˫Ѿͣײȴʣ޼ҲּС

ĸʹˮѾӰµף¶һĨ˵΢ЦţڊҵֶΣǺûǲأ



ͬʱͬĵص㣬һ׷ԲԵϸˣ¶޷ЦݣٵһȣǷģǵûϵΪͨͨġǸŮõģȫǿʧȥģôİõһУǷģǲҲһΪ뷨ϾһֱĲĹŮ

ͷѹգԣk˿ܲ
ֻΣγекܶ࣬ʲôᳵӼ

˾˹Ϊ˶˵İȫ׼ΪȫΪ˹ǽԼĶȴǲܳϲ
ûаѴ˸ƣδȥΪͷ̫ݣʵܽ

һ֪ͨͨݣǣǲСûĳ֣ԣҲʳˡ
Ϊû˻Ǯ·ٶôһ
÷̤ʯǾ͵ÿԸԸ⡣
ӵѾʣ࣬ԣҸӵĵݣ˼ݶӵˣԵΪúúõػһԸӡ

ԣkЦǣس׾˾˵ﻰǰҿûԼôһ죬ʡǱȽַﶼҲһԵˣҾûСϣҪˡ
۲䷳ϵ߶Ȼ֪ʵ˵ֵָܣ

۳ڸԭǲɫ̽ҵĴС顣ദӣ˾˵ģǹֵܵ飬Ϊĺѡ
÷Ҳ˵ˣǽѣǲڶ¹
Եݣʱǳ

ԣkûʲôԥǣҲûʲô̫õѣ˲ǲҵɵӿƣ˵Ļһܸ̫ܵԾҳþͲһΪʲôЩΪҿã˾˵ǲǺ֣
ԣkһƣһ͸¶ϵѯʡ

ۼΪ˵ദ֮ҵظ͵⣬ֻһЩˣΪԼǴˣõĴ
˵ˣ۵ǲɱһŮˣһĵŮˡ
Ҳ̫ùˣ˿Ĭãͬһʱ̣ԣk¶顣
ת˲֮䣬Ѹػϲ˼ı飺ǰó׵Լ޹أû뵽һӵʱ䣬һҪסγ׵յı飬ϾܼһǺܺġ

ԣk֣һֵѵĸо
˶ˣлҳУԲ첻ٶʻԣkС

Ȼŵʱ䣬ڲ֪УŵҲҪ
ûѩӣһƬơ

½һͷüƳļױһЩǮ⳯У½ŵʱתˡ
Һã½һľ˶ֺ࣬ڶԸĶ̫ϸɸӵļҾߣȻʱҪļױܹϵó
󣬺Ͷɩ÷Ȼһԣżǲ̫׵ġ

½еԣһЩ˵ıǸǼˡ
½ǼõƢࡢ࣬ǮĻƣ綼Ǹ˵ġ

ͷ½Цǰɩ˵´ĻƣҲǡǺֲʲô£ĻǵͻܾһӲŸɵˣͲ̫ġ
ģֳģҲõżˣһ½ҵĺñ¡

½ҲȻƵĶˣҪȥ𣿡
½˼ǽû£ȷˣŮȥһˡ

ɩ÷Ȼõһ֧Σǰﻰ⣬񻹲֪Կӵ顣
⼸װװӣ½ﶼǶ͵͵Ըġ
½Ǯ˼ˣŮҲȷû⣬½ҵҲͰѶ£ٴμţصִ塣

ӣѾԼˣʵǲ̫ͣá
½ףҲûҵˡ

˵ģ½ＫԼòʱ򣬺ûпʼͷۣѾѾͼӴɽϻ
ԼǰԺ÷ŵЩľļҾߣһ֪Ϊո£ֲֵϹ۾Ҳ˳һʣôһЩ




95.     

½˻, ҲࣺǶ͵͵ΪѾױҪô, Ǿû
˼ĵ, ʵҲͦġ
⵹üĴŶ᲻Щã
ڴ׼ƸױɶĴ¡

̫, ǶӦкͶ̹, ǰǼбúۼѺϾûС·ϣ綼Ҷ׳, ϶Ҳں֪޳ܣģ, ҲǳòɿֱӰѶ͹ȥ, Ӧǲġ

, ҪǶţһɲԸͽ˼ҵļ¡
½Ѷ, ˵˷ĵص㣬ҲͷԷθ˵ȻѾ֪Ǿͺðˣһֱǲ治ãɩһǻĶԴ磬Ů£ʱСĽ·ĽᣬǲĲá

֮ദܿʱ
÷沣½, 죬Ȼϣ޺ͺġ
οҹʱ½ҲɩӵУҲԼĹŮ̯õĴ𰸣һԭ϶һ

Ѻ׾Ͳʲôôģ
һ˫ΪȻӹȥ
½ʶһǳŲסЦֻ뵱Ͷɩâʱʱ˭õнյı仯

ӡص˵ͷͶͷͻҶԷ鷳
ӣȻֶ˼
ҲͶǺʱʼûнŵգ֮䡣

ȴûиʱ˼ϵǼСӣһѶȥ
˼ҵĶһֱѷǰԺҲãѸӾҲǣԼţѶĶһԭҲûٶܶļ¡

һ֣ȻԼﳳСܣҲȷʵŮж
÷׹Ůֻ׵ã⵱ͷˡ
ǣķһ߿Źӣһʵ̲סس½ˮҵģһ̫ҶԼҵĹŮҲܺãҵĻҲһֹ

½ﱾ밲οɩ˫ðĻ⣬ŹӵıҪ˳ˣʱԼ͹λ沵ʡ
½ת䣬Ǿʵû취˭Њ֮ǰôಣ᲻ӡ

÷йӵĶһҧгݵĸоҲʲôҴţӵ鶼û졣
½ﾡҺûȻɩӻȥֻͶܡ
ȣҲⲻãȸߊÿȴ׬˶ӣҲŲķգ˼ǰ㣬ȻҲ׬˵СǮӸ

λ治Ǻܺúģһѣ͵Լ˸Ρ
½ּԊ͊Ů˭ûкӡ
÷һ㲦ȻԹҲǾɵģ˿Ҳͺ׾ͱоݵĻһһ

÷Ľһûˣ½ʵеȵʵǵӿô
ǻöлķİæɺˡ÷￴Ľʣ˷ࣺ䣬̵±ֻ֭Ҫѱɾ£ٷ㲻ҪŮҪޣҲȥæ

½ʵʵ˵ҲǶӶÿ죬ΪҲͣȻҲôá
ӿλһͷͬСӻ뵽ԼƵС˶ܻͦӭ쿪İһΪ
Զӣһӻһײĳʳ
˵Եͬʱżܴӵӻͦá

÷ɷظͣҵҵģĺϲ⣬Ŷ룬ɱҽȥµҪڿˡ
½ﲻ죬ҵרÿóͲһҲöͦʺġ
ƢǺͺ˽ҲȷʵǼʺġ

÷˵ԼһĴ㣺ǵĵأ˰æ֡
ܺãʲôͷеﶼǲûš½ﲻôں⣬ûʳȴǷǳġ
½ɽҵļʮҩģһȥǴʵӣǲǮģٻҲܹûʲôصġ

÷ô˼ҲˣӵһͷôҲһһЩСʳ
½˰֣ͷĺӻϿͷͲ̫ã͢ĹذںϺķΧھˡ
ҲǣҲ¡÷ôһǮӣѾ㣬ӼͯݣܰӰæҲôӲ

÷ԼͷԵرҲŮԸҹ늅ȫˣɱ¡
½ӣɱܶһģ϶иˣ˫ߵĸĸڣֵܽúͺ֣Ů˵һСš
ˣֱǴʺϵȫ˵Ĵڡ
ѷ޼˽һЩûôģ治˼ˡ

ģġ½Ȼͷһصȫˣʹϸ̣ҲȻӦ͵׸ϵף
һ򿪻ϻӣ̲ס˵һЩ׵Ҫ׼

Ѿһ£עҲֻĳ
ĸ⧲سѣﶼˣý׵һգҪȥ𣿡

ڣĸǰӸѾĹּҵʱ򣬺ԥؾͰĸѾһ
ѾǺ޵ҧгݣȫһ⡣
䣬ԼĸûõģּҺĸȨĸһĸͺèԼһǽĸϡ

ʵϣĸ²֪Լ˾أǱŮݺĸȷʵΪѾһŵ°뱲ӵһȫûˡ
ĸܹǮĴӣŪûˡ
Դӱƭӣټһأǵҵż̫ˡ
ĸ涼ţÿζֱӸ˺ߣңԷǺ׼ҵԡ
ͼҲǿƣĸ˵ڵĻûǰĻʹ

ĸԴһӵŮˣȫûʲôÿ
ڣԼҵӣһλΪû˵Եԯ޵̬ȡ

ѾȻĸԼһĸŴԼҲĸԹΪƭǮ˵һֱҪ˵ġ
ѾԾȶԷеܣҲԸվԼһͷҲҪǰϹϾһҲΨѾֱӺĸΪµ˿ɲ
ĸһڣѾôû뵽˵ҵ顣

ռ޳ֵüΪѿѾ»ڼ仹ۣջûңҲʲô˿̣͵رһѣѾһ龳
䣬ĸֵû뵽ý㣬µ˼ҾȻһңҿɶݹϵȥһ𣿡


ѾֺϤƺڴͦġȵȣ԰ӡУһǻµģǸڳ£Ҳ߸׵·ҲˡŹѸΪӵĹϵƺ±𡭡żһµģ
ңý㶨׵˼ңôֻżң

Ѿѹ·ڵסԼɫ飬ţʲôûõģԼŪӦñҸû˻ҵġý£õȻûȥһˣͲ̫ġ
ĸɫһ£ߣ抅

һһźŮֵòɢ
ΪѾѹû飬Էһίߡ




96.     ½Цദˣš

ʯˮļȢϲ, ܿһƽʱĽʹϵ
ҵļֵܣϲϣ²µĵλ, òƲ̫ɡȻ, ĽֵͣĴڡ

ٲýʣǲмʡ
һ˺ֵĿףֶǹ˼ĺû, ȫ, ֻཻеڡ

ʯΪһ֮, ճһĴС, 潥ء˶һݷ, ܶʱ, Զǳ̬
ǰߣ鲻һ·, λ峤£㶼ˣӱӲ
ߣһˣżҲ𣬵ԼĲŵͷάãʯʱеĽ, Ҳá
ʯܴüã˵Ķʱ飬ҲֻһλԵʵǳ治

÷ǰİԵģÿһЩˮܵõһϢֺ
ķΪýʵģԵһãѣҲǼŮϲ¡
ȻĺԵһ˵ＫΪˡ

νǲˣȴҲȫ㲻
ܹһֵܣνȴôΪμ̬ȣʼնδı䡣
ŲмԽһЩӴ򽻵

νԼƧ֮أѾί޸Ҳ򲻵µľĵ׾ͿҸݡ
һͷĸĸֵܣλиøɸɾ
οٽƿأνᷳйҵһС

ССûмʯٻ޵ͥԺɹ棬νҪɢȥлżǻ̤ӣϪˮӱһߡ
ʯˮ壬ȺɽɫϪˮӱߵĲԴ֮Ǳһ⾳
Ȼķ羰һ˲㣬ν;ɨ¡

ԭ򣬻ƽ῿ˣʱյԣѯйضżҵĹϵҺȻҪΪ׼ңٻǵƴ˵۾
һ̾ŻһǳͯŻǰ˸ӴŵĹϵô˫ͽΪ׼أ

żңֻң߿ɶкö˶ţһǼҵ׿ԣһŶ˵ĺҽΪ׼ңúܶ˼Ǵض㡣
νǡǡ෴
ΪҽΪ׼ٺʲµˣʲô㲻⡣
ңһҵϲ£кιϵ

ҹԲνﶼ˼ɣҲһĵ
ټľӣһҪ̧ųţ״ΧͷԵʵȥμӶŮϲ𣿡

νЦȾɫճζ󷿼ŮʱҲҲûȥҲ˵һЩûʵĻҿûȤһӡ쿴ǴסģҴȥһҲ°ɣ
ʲôУһӵŵĻ˼ҶӦġʧ֮ɫ൱Ũ񣺡һնͲܡ

Уνûʧһ͵شҪģ͵ðҶӱ
٣Ǌûзƽͷ
νĻ˿ܲĸ֮飬ľһʹǲܶ飬Ҳ飬Ҫһʲô
װ׵˵ﻰ
ûвٵŸġ

ſԣվûֹӵĳţΪ˴̶Ļ
޶˵ĺӣΪܹӲ
ԶĬĬشͳЩµĺɰ
ǽһΪϵƷë廨ɰϵĸо֪Ϊȴǧ֮ء
һ׹ġ

νﲻںӰεĿ⣬İõϴţ
ϣȻֻ޼ˣǻʧˡ
νᷳõ˵ӦϵͺԼýʱ䡣

νﵭضһ䣬Բ
һ뿪ɽ֮أλ
ӣһȥеľ񣺡С㣬ô
̡



ԹԣҼҵĹβͲݣԭҲܱʻǶ𣿡÷һ𾪣ɺһкɢˣһҲûż̽Ů
Ͼʱ磬Ůױš
һױüݣɼյĺۼ¶ҪǲԼҹŮ

½ȫˣ¼ױݡ
׽ѾֶŮԵһЩͻأǻͣǶϲ£Ҳ½ץһ

ôǰļɹڵģһЩֲڡһЩǴĹе
񣬶Ѿڵ£ũæʱöٵæ
˼¿ⓓ⣬½ö˲֬࣬Ҳǿˮԭ
һ󣬴еģοҲƲϳ
ãֻǲ󷿵Ľãİ׷ӣܱɹɺ̿

½ﲻǳˣԼʵ֬ˮۣ⻹Ϊģˮס
½֬໹СĻ
õְֵؽ̵껹Ǳȳ˶ϼ֣ѵһء

ϵķһãپࡣ½ΪϸԵķ٣ľӣ϶׹üϴױһ£һǳȹѵСˣչֱֳ÷һһ㶡

˵ԼĹǹβͲݵġ½һ£һ˫ˮӾ֮ɫǰǷ̫һԺ󣬾Ѿˣٲ֬ˮۣҲǸõһͻԳ
½ͭˮûһ¡

̹Ҫױ磬ͼ˫ľģ˿̵û𾪡
Ȼﻹ̵ġ
ѾģεľӰҳòԭҳҲУ֮ǰҵˣ϶Ϲû
½ЦദˣŷֶŮʵرȤ
Ѿ㣬ôάһ

һϣĿˣҲ½½ϲ
¼ǲܳȥѾ̫һҪȥæкһŮԵĳ

׵̫ύѣףؼĿ˻ǲ٣ѾһߵùӸɹȥһҲõϲˮ
æת
һߵĹӺûˣһʴﻹûУһ⧲ɤߣףɣ
ѾȻס⼫ΪΪһӣûмôǷкӡ




97.     ȫϵĹϵҲ

αһ, ĺϣĿתţľѪĹ
, Ͷ˶˲С仯, ϵͳ˲٣׷ȡպڷһǻ֮ģ޷估յĸо
һִĹҲ˱仯, üȡյ, ǹòʹ죿

Ƴǳҡҡͷ
е򣬴СΨһδıģСʱ֮ġ
ССһ˫ĸ, ֻῴ, ˸ģԶֻᱻƽ

, ˼С, ʱּʵˡ˼ҵĴС㣬Ƽĸ, ֻҪݲ䣬Զѹ´Сһͷ
˼ҵļԶʤںμң˽ȥ˼ʱԹ˼һ·ϵķǸ󣬴СĿէȻųǿҵ̰
εڹ˼ĸɿγҪù˼ҵĸٻ
һ㣬Ҳȷʵѱն׵ĺμˡ

˼ԭȵƵȫˡ
һ״, öԷԳں룬¶÷϶ٵĴ֮
ү㣬⣬ֻҪøùʵһУ˸𡣹۴үصĺ⣬һҲԼ̫ţʲôòĵģ

ʰΪʱóı仯ת˲֮سС㣬ô
һΪͨĺȴ˸еκˡ
αɫ˭ΪϤȴҲΪٴ

̡αعӣĺϣһ˲ֽŷ
ϼģİЦߺ޵£һɶԲöŮҳߡ

װûǣǿЦݣĿ᣺С㣬ʧʮ굽ȥˣ
ϲʦļ󣬺αҰ׵ɫǻָֺ͵سȥҲػصϡ
ϲԼ˵Ǿδ̽һʣֻһ𣿡

С㣬ʲôɵ⣿ĨĨ᣺ūȻһѵĻҪʊñȊʮȥĶֹôûгסūʵʵ̫̫ˡ
˵òһЩǡҡ˵α˻νʮ꣬δоκ飬Ψһ̣ǲ̫ἰ֡

ϵϼɲһڵĻȴúαе쳣ģǺӣûк͊һ𣿵գμ˷֮ʣūΪҊͽȴүӣү˵˶ԊͽаšūһֱҊǶˣѲɽûС㊅һ𣿡

ϵĻ١
δүȷʵһԭףϧμԹ˲Ͼƺ꣬ϾһҵֻʣһŮ

αһɣ˼֣ǿ׵Ķųɹѳμҵӡ
Ϊα඼סڹ˼ңμ¶ûжӡ󣬺θҪԼһѪƽӣİš
򣬹ƾαԼӳ죿

ûûУﵱղûкһ𡣡αΪθϽ˵鵹ɢ˵˵ȥҲֻǺ±˱
αһзӦϵⲻ˸΢΢⣬ǹ˴үķԸǰϲֱӳ˽ˡ
ֻΪα˿κε֮ġ

;ί֮ʣϲɵĹۣȴд£СĲˮ
ɻ󣺡ôǺkһģ

ϴֻƣӵμĸо
ֵĽ󣬶Ĺ˻ִ٣ҲͰ˽ֶӸ
Ȼܣ˫һ·꣬ΪͦõģҲ͹дѵľ˾ˡ
һԾôһǰһĳ֣

ɫػصղţҪԸˣҾȽkԼ
̬ȴ󷽣Ҳʵһ£ȥkг
ȴֹ̧ˣkǺϲ֣ʲôģһٽҲûйϵôأ

ҵѺǰĹҲͦлģ˼һʣҲ֣ϡƽػصд˵ĶһЩҵȻȥһЩΪﶼû뵽ϲĿ˻ͦġ
һأ󷿵ļŮûв᣻һأŮܹμӣ޴ӱȽϡ
ӶĿУ̽ɱȴ󷿼ŮĿˣֶһֹҲѹд˵ĶǷȱ

״ص˵ͷֲãæ˶һЩС
ǲŲæ̬ȣǲҵ£

ûʲô£ֻĵﲻѡҡҡͷæ̣λע⵽һѵõƷ
۲ҵ⣬٩ЦһҪļ㲻Ըյԭ򣬲˵ϲϲһЩһǵþkǺӣɶһ԰ǻͣôھԸˣ

һ£ټˣ˵һ壿̫һĳԸģҲС
ǲӵģŴ󻧼ϲСϲһȴҪ۲ƣʵڲ޹»кüεļ

üУ
û˵ѣ̬رʡ
島˹ͣǰǲСˣȽϹ㣬˴ֻͬߣϵͼҲС
峤û˵岻ܸ˿˲͵ö

Ҳ˼٩ôֱСӹϸϸһĪеȻ
۲죬̬ȱöȻ˼룬ȴ벻ĸо

Ѿϰ߽֡
Ϊ˱˿ջϲһ˵ǸûмԺмͬˣһᴫŹġ
ԣĿȻһ˵Ļǿٺò顣

ڣûͬ壬ΪǳϾɵ飬пô׾پͱ
˵ʧһĻһˣǲѾˣ峤˵ûͷ˵ǲġ

һ£Ҳұ˸¡

ҲǺĺһֱʱȥ٣˵ţȥkСӹ㣬Ϊһӭ׵ҪҿҲҪæ
Ĵ󷽴£̸һ߸̾˼ǻ̺ӣһߵػصû£ҵ£˵ǸҲŶԡ
һЦ⣬͹죬СֶҲǻǳ

ϵ̬ȣҲǼΪˣѵСĻ࣬ϲ̵ʱ䣬һԼɶȲϡ
ɲֻĹϵһλ͵С

ʵϣϰүģ˼ܹ˽⡣ңĵó͢С£ҲȷʵȤζ
׵̹еСѧ˿룬ܲٵϢ
͢µİӿСȵվǵϣһ¡ΨһҪĵǣСҪμӿƾٿԣ͢Ҳû᲻Შϡ
Σչ̫ңԶ

ת˼æѰԣkСӡ벻֪ҵˣŵĹŹֳ档
Ѿ㡢Ѿ㣬ԣkСӡȫϵĹϵҲôյһ𣬶λգòһЩ֣

ѹº棬װشŵѾ㣬ӭ׵ʱ쵽ˣȥһ¶Ѿ𣿻УkСӿңѾˣҲȥһ˾ˡ˼ҿǵһǴӣСҲ̫ܷ˰ɣ




98.  һ   һ

ԣʱ, ûһ˼ңԣҵŵȡȻԣҸ, ԣѾи˹ϵ
Υ, ԣk׳ĻΧƵˣϲ׷ˡ

լŴԺ, ūͳȺ
ΪΨһС, ūҪõۣĦеĺûһһ䡣
, ͷС̼, Ҫԣ룬ʹ, Լҵĺȥֺԣk
һʱ, ԣkһЩûֱֵ, ˫˫ϵԺ顣

Ժ⻹ǿóףֵʦչˣֵܵ䣬ԣk濴ԷСϼꡣ
ΪֵǶ鷽棬ֻΪ˴£ֵֻࡣ䳰ȷ, Ҳֵǧ׾ٵؾͰ̸ΪεС

Ժ಻ֻҪȡˡ
һЩǱĸŽûɶݲ˵رϲǡ
ԣkǸ߰۸СǲмȥȻһֵ̼ӵܣϲ۸ûݱũӵܡ
ֵܣһЩļһ˶ϣʵǼΪ

ʹڣ鷢չһЩ֮⡣
ֵһЩһʶʲô﷭
ԣkȽӵܣۼɶ仢ǡ

һȺĿɿڴȭֵܣ죬һϥһȣ͵Ϯǵˣδζûгɹֵıƺǳһ˫۾ֺ֣ڶ̶̵ʱ䣬ͷᵹ۸ֵܵһˡ
ãһƬĹǺ
ʱʱһĻԣkܴһ¶¡

ʱֻо⣬һЦף²ѹĶȫûϵºͿɰĺɰһЩʶǳкӣŵಣ۸ˣǿǱǸóĿԱ֮ʩ´βҸ磬ԼͿԷ㵽סǺ˼ԺпеʱҲһһ档

кӻνĽǿ
ֵΪ·ԣkŻǴʵϣΣԣkԼǼΪ
ò˵ҵ̫ãֵһӾСԣkͷһǰϵѣҲûλүʧ

ûκΰķС
ԣkһθܵʲôѣ۶ֵ̬ܵһֱô̹Уĸоϡڡ
ԣkΪԼĻ͡
ʼ򽻵ɣֵܿûôýӽѶദˣ֪ʲô

ԣkĻֻûŮԵĳûУ׵δйȢ˼ԣҸҲֻиӶˡ
Ψһеӡ󣬶ǳڼѾߡ
һ㣬ԣkȴûжٵĺû䡣ԣԴ̣ԼʱܰڶӶ߶ŷ޻䡣ǱĬ䣬ү̼ӵܣСС;ʦͨһЩ߰顣

ԣk־Ϊ׵һˣ⻷ĹϵȴҲܶøеļ䡣
䣬ԣkСû˼ҵܻ̲סġ
ȥ˵ĸϣԣkʧ顣
һЩ˵ĸӸ飬ûûʲôСֻĸ𡣻˵һ˫ƵλεģԣkСľһ֡

벻֪һʯˮ֮УԣkԵӡ󣬾ȻиĹ۵һ졣һӡǼõģһӡȴ



ԣkСӣΪرϲ˿佱գҲô׵϶ҲСһ
û뵽˵ȫС
ĵģԣkѵöֵܼһء

⣬үͬû뵽ԭеŮˣϲװģģһ׵Ҫûڿġ
ѾǺѵý㣬˵ĺݾǰҲõܡ

ںǰԣkǶý㼫Թүĵײ㣬ѾŲٵĺøС
Ѿٴɫһֱûиı䣬ԣkʹݣҲֻ˼ҹһЦԼ׺в
Ѿ緭飬ԣkȴ˿κζС

ԣkʡŽʲţ۽绹гɳ
ɫɫˣԣkѣʯˮ׺
ʡеɱϸظ˵ݱ
ԣkûб׷ۣŤ飬ѾõİżѾλԣkƲŷֵԷҲ˼ĺù

ŷļŵƽʣԣkҵкӣæкˣҲûдżæµĺѡ
ģҲ˵ʲô˼һ˫ӵǲԾѰţؼŮס
Ȼԣk˰죬Ϥûҵȴҵ˼ΪϤɤ

ԣküʶع۲ţһŰ𪽿òŮͬڼеòԣkϸ֮£ֺҵõЩ֮
ԣkǷֵü۵Ϥ֮
һ̣̲סŮŵغףɣ



߱ϤɤѾػͷһųӢͦ꣬ڲԶֱֱš
һһѾü

ԣҵүһȱǷĸӸ磬ԣkӡ󡣻УĵǣһʱʱҪƻǰĺӡ
ʱ˿̣ѾȫãΪĺӡԼٵòࡣ

ԣkĴС֣ѾãĴ깴ճЦ¶Ǻǣҿһ£⻰ʲô˼𣿡
Ѿû״ǰҵòҲϲɡ

Ѿӻ۵׹⣬ԣkĻһ飬ɨģѵòټŮĻѧһأûûû˵Ůʮ˱䣬ÿ죬ôĿˣ̿ɵùһԼ󡣡

һֱͦһԼ󡣡Ѿغһۣǲױϵ˿һɨۣŮü۵ưһеԸУһʶȤļһÿζ볶ҵĺȡ
ԣkټģŪͣһģĸǷеĹŹ֡
үϸ⣬ԶȶԿѾȷصҿû볶ȣǊԼÿζ̲סƹҪ˵ǊԼƢ̫ңǰڊǰԼǾ˵ĺȣ

үֱ׳ѾҭһҭΪԷ˵Ҳʵû
ͻ̨ף˫ǰ

Ѿһ˵һﲻȥʡ𣿡ԣû»ɶ
ԣkǶˣҷӦ죬øԼ𣺡˲
ûһı飿
ߣƫ⣡

Ѿ˫ֻأ̫ʵˣƤӵĹ
ԣkþûôϸƷһζղżı飬ƺȽϲ
ϰ߳ȻԣkȻϲ
дмֹⱨĳɷݣζһЦǣҲûʲô𣿡

֮⣬ѾҲѣŮеһѻ˵Ƿļһһ쵰Сģ




һðɣһС
˵۹УѾһĻȴּ
Ůڵһһ䣬˫ûʲô˵ĻǸõı֡

Ѿ»ڼ䣬ôżĺƶӷѾ
Ѿֻ״㳤ñõʵ֮⣬ΪԼһȲѾ
ɷģƫƫôҲ£ԼϣѾԹȡ
Ҹ˿̼ǰľѾ;÷ۡ

ѾԹ񣬺׾˲ԣkûкӵŸ˷٣ȴԵһЩѾ
ԣkͣ¶죬վŮ࣬һЩζɫ¶ʵǱһŮ˹ֵֹģ˵ǲ⣬Ǌҵ𣿡

ƲԼˣѾôӽһԣ̫ڵ˵˵ô
ԣkȴǲ̫⣺ʶģڱ
Ѿֱط˷ۣҶ򲻹ͱˡ
ԣkﲻˬӣҺвŮ
һ˵꣬ԣkŷʵͦСģҲŲŵļλãΪʲôˣ

ѾûǻĻ
ΪڷԭԣkˣȻδѾ
ѾھȣѾ㣬ôҲˣ

գѾѡ޽ңѾΪԷĴڣҵһСɲôӭйϵˡ
Ѿұ֤￴ý̤ϲ¶жٵĸˡ

ѾȵѯʣѾӦ󣬵ǱΪȣѾôܣ
ôСǺѾͷĴڣӶûģ
һ첹ѣ׹ΣǴＫСƷĨϵָˮۣһ˫鶯ԵüΪͻ

Ѿ̵ͣãӦŸɺڵļòֻͿƣݵĴŵģԶҲǷ첹εƲ¡
ӦһѾͷŶԣ

ѾһƱģԣk̲ס͵͵УιҸղŵķӦʵͦģ
Ѿ



Ѿûشԣһݽţ˭һҪվ˿ã
ԣk⵽㣬һɬףʹ΢΢Ť

λĶСѾǻŶŮ仯ˣɫһ˿Աĸӡ
ĳѾͷȻҲһλɫɣ
Ѿ۾ƵģԣkһĴʲô˻ɫƾʲô

ѾѹסļʣһΪѿЦݣѾϾδҵڻǶӦһ£ȻԺɲ˵ס
һ仰ֱӾöˣ˲ɫ

ѾŭѾ㣬˼Ϊˣ
ԣkҲüΪ죬֪Ϊεģ̫˵һ¡
ȻүûлԼ
Ȼһɤ⧲ز֮䣺Ѿ㣬ӭ׵ʱ쵽ˣȥһ¶Ѿ𣿻УkСӿҡѾˣҲȥһ˾ˣ˼ҿǵһǴӣСҲ̫ܷ˰ɣ



ѡʱֱ̫ǡô
֮ʣĳֱּǼʱһ㣬ϨڶĻ

ѾٴĪý㡣
һӦ󣬾Ȼ˴õܵĻ˵öԼˣҵȷǸȥҴˣǼԼİɡ

֮ʲôģѾֻҪӵһɶ
ٴȥԼҪһӵĻ״ɰˡ
ҿѾֻý㣬׽㣬һſھҪʲôë첻״ףѾ治º˴ܡ
˵һλӦǲɣ

Ѿˣԣk´һԲѷŮˡװûѾˣŤͷһʣҾ˾˲˵Ҫ죬ˣ
ͷһˣҲǿˣ˵ĹŹգѾýܲ
Ȼ˭֣֮Ѿýռϱߵġ

ͷˣͲСӳ֣лΡ
֪Ϊεģԣkһ£򶨵ǿǼ̫æû˿Դʱ䣬ⲻ;ס𣿡
ûвںػصУ֪ûд˾ǰţӦÿȹȥ˰ɣ

ǰǲ֪ѾˣҵȻȥҾ˾ˡԣkΪϣ浹һʣˣ㲻һȥ𣿡
˰֣Уӭ׵ǹҲȥæŷСӴ顣

ԣkõӦҲæðɣȥæո֡
˫Ľ飬Ҳÿףû£ȵżңˡ

ԣkȴǺܻɵʵСӻпǣ
ȴǼΪµЦݣҲ𣿡
ԣkʱһܻ¡
һ˲䣬ԣkȻʲôˣֱӽŵĨһ֣һ㶼һ

ԣkԺת˵Ѿ㣬ҲȥæˣҊҲİô˵ԼˣҲͲдˡ
Ǽ˵Ѿûɿ԰¡
ѾҲôõܵĻͦеû£ҲȷϤԼˡ
õشԵһЦ

ĻǱƲжͬ
ʵϣѾŲ÷׹ŮĸŮͬ뷨
÷̲סУ֣ӦûһλҵҵĿɱŵˣֶŮ϶ҲġţҲûһλش󷿣ôѡҹŮ׵һճ֣

÷ӻ
Ѿ˵һ죬ɳƲ˳ޡ
÷ģ¹ƽʱŲŵλϣ֪ҪһЩϣŮܹ˳˳ͺģһ㲻õͷҪ֣ʡõżһ˵죬ɾͲһ顣

½ίѵı黹һ£ôӵ˼ˣҲ±˵лģ
÷ϲ˼ҵİԣɲϲ˵ģɩ顣
÷Ȼ˱飬ȴղסСλС֮ɵ˵òԼòʹ죬ƻҴŮĺ£

ҵ˲ܼޣǴﶼеĹʶ
ˣֻŮ˹һӵĶйȫ˭˭ù
÷رֶŮ

û£עһЩˡ½ıݹϵٲС֮䣬ѾֶŮģ²׶ԷĿģ½ﻹǸһЩعע
Ҳװû¡÷Ǽµصﻰⲻү𣿡
½΢΢һ㶣ƴһЦģү϶ӵġ

ˣ÷ȴᣬһȻֶŮȻ˵ãЊ⸣صصţүȷʵӦûһЩӡ
½˼



ѾԼ˳֮УϲĴڡ
һƬϲУѾҲоԼһЩ룬ΪҲ治Ǳףصǰ
Ѿı仯е𾪣ЩĻɡȻһеĻɣڼѾҲһ¼Ѿʧ١

õı仯Ϊα˾޴ѲɡǷּҴĺñ仯Ȼ˵ĻΪƫƫֻд󷿵ı仯ûһõĸı䣿
Ѿ棬̲סһ⡣

˵ǱѾĻ˳Ĳ󻰣Ŵ۵ļױǰѾδȻ۹ŮĺõƸױѾߣһҲһ㣬˫ߵݣȫ߿˶Ѿ㣬һҲӵĹʱ򣬷ҵҵ̬ҲҪ
⣬òõɷзӭ׵ĳҲûκβһж֡ģмȫûгκ˸еѿĲ
Ѿ㻹ǼΪ˳ؼ޸żˣƽ˲ʡ

ѾҲ֪ԼǴʲô˼ϲ¡
Ѿûм޸ϱӣķң޸ͷżҡ
һֺ񶼲̫һ
ԡżҵ׻᲻£




99.     ȴ


, ͡͡

Сƽø缤غŪһСǽˣĴ, תҲתضǰ, ССС
׸ļͺԶСûκεĹãһӣܿǰһ, Ѹٵſԭλ

̫ܵˡʧ֮ɫԶ׼ֻһ, ܷӡ
СƽܴͣӵӰ죬СѧСø磺̫ˡ

Ƕ޵ҪҲ̫˰ɣѰ˫ں, һڿ
۱ϵ, òڱĿʵԵĶδӡ
ĴС, ӵĲòһ, е֮ǰҶҪ̫, Сӵãתͷǻһ׼

䭱飺ǲһҶԵܵǰ
ǵ˵Ļ
ѵǺһЦҶҲǰ
׵ѵóôֱ׵رףҪ˵һ㣬໹Ǿ, ׵һЩ̫ߣ治ˣȻܹȫɡ

ԵذһСӣҪ˵Ҳ磬Լĺݾ϶ӣȲӡ
ӻпȡĵط˼·ʱǲˣҲǹĹǿ׾ͱСӴ
ǿԿŵ㣬ӵģ治ʹ֣˻ϣǵаĳ

䭻ΪԼɹ˵ӡ
벻֪ı׵һȽϣһ
֪УѾϰվ׵ĽǶȣΪıδ

Ӷ˵ĶԻСƽ̫СǺܶСְȫעٴθķڸΪȤСޡ
СƽĿתҲкôģСڼڴѾõһĻ۵ɵôģССָ̧һ̧۵ɤĵޡޡ

䭻ûзӦսӵ½ǡҲͬһĻͬһѽӻᷭˣ
½ӣӶ޵Ľ׶ΣСĳɳ׶Σ仯ػӤ׶Σһգۣҵһĵط
رȤ

䭱һһСһѡ
ذѲһŤװ۵۵ѾӣֺȵСźֶϻ¶޳ݵЦݣرɰ
ƽһһܵܣȻһηС磬ȴû취к飬Ǵʧô
ӣ˵ظһСӻ湻ҡ
䭣

½Լˣʱ޿̶ֲ϶ᵣѧ׵ĳë˿̵Ǿ³
һø硣½ǰɷһ£СƽҲ˵ĻССҲЩȫһȴСģ½ûкӵüСһѣͬǵСƽøһǺø硣

½ϸĵطֵСƽرϲ˿䣬ĸ׵ĲͬСûзԼʵܵӰ졣
½оǼԼʱйĽ׶ΣСͼСϵӰû̼ܵ¾һɶ
Сƽһ£һ¸ձͷСɱú壬Ͼǡ

ȴʹң˵黹û취ôĻָ
½գ۾һղ˼ը㣬ǳǴ㡭ڵôãôӦҲǳԲ̫°ɣ
ȵȣ䭹غԼĶƣϻӣղŵɥҾѾָˣҿɲֶԣ

ת̬ȣ벹һ
׼½ȴǰԼһѣӺò׺ãɱҡ
ԼƤһѣҲежʹ

Уʲôﶼԡ½ﵭغίѯʣˣأ
䭾
鼫õػ⣺Ͷæԣ絽ȥΣϾ˼Ҳܴ̫áʡǺԶģ´μ涼ʲôʱ

ĻҲȷʵӦõġ½״Ѿ˽ˣԽ˰ѻᷭСӣر׵ĻһһСתע
˭СӺϲſƣúҪ޵ģ
ѱϱǿһޣò϶һ۵Сۡ

½ЦĵԣһЩǣʵôûһţ
䭼Ϊ£оݵֲǶӣԣǲ˼ǴͶѣҴȥʲô
ʱССر

½ﲻ̾Ǻúӡ
ͦСţΪ϶ӣȱľţҲôá
½ЦˣԼϹŮʡϹŮһ˹ġ

ˣȥżҵʱ򣬿ɱȥ½ղžȥӱץԼȥֹˡ
ϻⲻǶһ
½ˣȥӱһºʵ㣬Լˣʯˮĺӱ߾ÿȥһ˻鲻
Ȼ˵⣬½˼ټ沣˵˼ĪĻ

½ûκ˵飬Ͳ˼ƽûҪģ²Ǻ⣬Էôǲһ½Ϊҽߣרһţٻܿ˵ˡ
ҲöԷҪʲôһ˫ãһĿȻ
½ββһ˵ġ
ңΣԷҲΣҽٺãǲϵĻҲֻǰ׷һ

ʮʱ䣬ԷںӵһУѶˣɩʵŸһ
廹ϵˡ
½ԼҲϵˣԲܹ֪һ㣬Լϵ˼ܹ׽⿪

½ʶƳɷ׾ٲ׽ϱĿ⣬ĺӹȥôˣ
ûʲô½ݷĵһЦֻǾ㱧ĺеӡ
𣿡Ƥһã͸һЩӵζôܾÊ˼ǵ𣿡

̫࣬˭ôġûʱʱԼ½Ҳ±𴩡Ͼһ۾ܿ͸ŮӣùľĨǲġңһĴСС鲻κЦֻʱ򣬳⣬ЩʲôóԵģǵأ

⣬ϲˣ˵㻰𣿡
½Цʲôʱ˵㻰ˣӣĲĴɣΪûбԭƭ
Źۣʼؾ

ȴûôúŪ½ü۽ǵĺ飬ȴʵʵģôҲ̫˿
ֻҷ»ɣٴĿ⣬½иоģǱߵЦⲻԾؼһЩ
ͦģ




100.     ˫ɶãһ¡

ϱü, òεشŷֵĺ㣬ԲԵرԹţǼһ, ҾòöŵôҲûйϵ

ʲô½﷢ӵۺ, һЩҶմϵě@գ˸ղŰæźӳԷܿܲǱһСһմϡСĿǰ˯, һʱҲ, ûһ˵½ԼΪ赭д̬һĨ˵, ֵǰ, ŲԼԵ¹⣿ɱ¹⣬ֵ˼öͭǮ

ѵͷһ, ΢һ, ûǼᶨ·ϱ, ¹ҲǊùȥģҲŲǵǼһ
½һֱϲƾ˲֮ɫ
ˣѵеˣ˲ֲʲô¡˫ĹϵҲֻеѾֶŮѾ޽żңֶ׹ϵС, ٻǵÿһ£ôҲ̫㡣

½żҵĹ۸в
ѾֶŮջţͬҲݷķϾү̻סֶŮϵЦƭ˵ġ

ֶŮ»ɷձСӣòͦĴӣ

ԼҺӰų½ģôҲΪ貹һ¡
ֶͷҲ¯࣬еôѾܲɫ
żҵĴӣɱȲһӵ˾ҵŪö¹үһЩ

ֶŮҲһĻģС淴оĸĸѳ֣˼ǳ˼ǳɡ
½׶ѡµ⡣
żҵĵûһϿһѣмͶ˽顣

ʲôǼһﲻһģ½Цؾɲô㣬żǣһݹϵȻ͵ȥݺˣݴ񡭡ţôܿ˰ɣ
һ㲻Ҫ̫ݣ½ͦ˵ģҲȥѼӲ
Ѿϲϱİݡ
˼ϸģԾҷͬȵȣÿĴ棬õĻȣȻ˵Ǿġ

ϵ㣬żҵķȥ
ѾΪ˸Ѿһˣ۶һ¡ڳ޵Ĺԣٴμˣ뻹ʱȫȻͬ
ĪУһر׽ĸо
ѹǼֶŮһ㽻ҲûУ˵Ļӹǡ

ΪҵĵڶѾҲǵ䵭Сʱӡɻءһסլʱү˾壬Թɣǿһֻ۱һֻۡ
嶼û͡

Ѿɲ׵ͼ岮һ
ĴһֱΪү̳谮ĶӡΪĹʵʣ۹Ҳϰֱ˼
˭õôˣ˭ܳˣ⻰ûë
Ѿž֣ΪʲôΪܵƫˣ

ûʲôµأûӣѾͼüء壬ʱֻûдӻʱŪӡ
ٻܵŵӰ죬ѾǿŪֵӱȽ϶࣬Ҳ϶ܳĳ
˵ģûּǰѾڲǵ壬ܾöԷǲƲǼŮޣ

⼸꣬˲Сı仯ǰ͵͵ٵѹӡŵǰѾѹ벻ܱ˶Դһܳĸо
ĲˣѾΪ̵ܵӰ졣

Ѿ־Լˡ
ƲǵĻ̬Ҳôãϸŵؽ˺öŮӦ֪飬ﶼûôϸ
ȻѾҲﲻãֻ˼һЩܹ黹ǼŮ

գѾƸױǿһߡ
뾪Ѿ¸ͷü˵ࡣ
һӣѾûǲӵѾͷƬӣһ̵ӣǰδеֱͦ

Ϊĵױ磬ͷǱʱѾ㷲飬ڼɷ۵¶һɬһŲĵǻ¡
֮䣬µľһͷȡ

Ѿ㳤üãѾСҲ֪Ȳˣһļֻһز¶ǻء
ѾĿԲںòûȻһСãʲôûеȻʱ޿̶ϣԼٺÿһЩ
ΪʵеļѾģʵŲ˼˵ڵĸм

żҵӣѾҲ⡣
ڴҲĵÿСáһЩСãɱޣżҵӣһȵҵӡȻ˶Ժżҵĵλһ췭ظĴ仯
ӵĹＫٳӣ۽緶Χǲòܵ˾ޡ

ѾҪޣҲҪԼһ졣ȻѾڸܵ׵ƽٰǣȴǼǽõġȻȲ϶Եܵܺãܲһ㣬ԶȴĴҪá
ȲҲʲôҡǮֻΪǵ׹Ů
һ̣ѾһˣҲǿԵģҪ޵ͷ֪Ҳࡣ

˺ӣѾԶСҸ׵İԼһżҡ
ĸһЩ̣ϲΪŮˣԶ̻ҪɷһЩк˵ûԼѾǸоĳ
ѾʵһĹ
٣Ҹɵġ

ǰ壬ϲֶŮģ˺ĴȻ׵󶼻Ҫ࣡
嶼ֶѾʵڲᣬ壬᲻û׹ŮԲŲǼŮദ

ѾΪһýڣⳤҲ͸Ե׽һЩ
ѾΪʵ壬ǲҹģ

ϱغһԵҲˣֱߵ顣
ʪĨȵز˲֣ŵ˾ˣôִţ

ϱ̫ѺõʱżҲǻöݷãûгʱƵ
ǰ¹ǼΪĺö
żնѣִ˼ţ˵ӹǵĺʳġ
еرĲ˼

ѵǲΪذݸֶŮȥɣǊ⽻ҲǮǺģҲò˼
Ѿȴֻеһ⼸㣬õϵļȥʵҲϲӣãǸӡ
ȻҲµģ˵ú治ֵʲôǮ

ϵǱȴϱ֪壬һЩز¶ļҵסʹ޳ΪһˣֻΪ˼ҵı£ûռ˱˵˼ܲס˼Ҿ̫ףϻ񼸴Σʵ벻ԻһЩʲô̫ࡣ
ʵ֤ϱ˼һ治顣
ֻܲ˼ػһЩö֮ԻͶǶԷһӶԡѺϱĸԣϼǺøд

㲻ͷ۵ûͶԷʲôͬʱϿԼա
ֻϣԼ¼ӵ׼ңԺҲҵһõ׼ңҲ˽һ롣
Ϊ϶ҵĺӡ󣬲֪Ҳӵ鵽Ѿϡ
϶Դϱ治׹ŮҲѾҸԭ
ϾȥİżңĸòãͷŵĴ¡

ķ򸾵Ϊˢеĺøжȣ˫ɶãһǽˣ




101.  θ   ֲã⡭


ѵ, ϴ֣Ҳѵýϱϵһòˮ
ŨĲ㣬ʵϲ̼ƵҾơ
, ƻ趼жʱ, ڰպȾңڣϾ͸Ұ˵Ķš

ʶȤطԸһ⣬ҲͬϲãλһЩá
ʱ, ĴСסڴ, ǰļһŪһҼڴͷĸӸ硣
ǳǰһλͬȵĳ, ҲΪֵ޷ĸ, Ŵеĺɡ

Ȼͷ֣ôȲϵµܵ, Ҵ, ඼ǸͱȱȽǡ
мʶ
һ, ܳһӵļһð̡
˭֪үӣλ˼ӣδɼĳ

ͣɱѴϲ٣ֻ׶ѡ
ʵ֤ʹɶƨöûУ, ̸£һ˫ڳˣһɺëֱĹŹָо
ĴӣϵƤЦΨʱһ¡

¶Цĳ֮ɫϴĵӣɲκóֲں;ëëġ
룬ֲԼҵĴӣô¼ҵСӣ׵˼ҵӣеһЩ£治ټӡ
ѵԵطʡһ¡

ѿû̽ı죬ǸӵĸҲͲö֪һڲˮ
ŵĲǶ׼ңλòҶǲġ
Ѳ᲻صطС豭ȾµػصҶȢҶֶŮھֵ飬Ҳٴһء
һأ־ھˣѾر

ϰһһ룬еĸ˳ӣȷʵӵӰ죬ǰӡϱ˵ζ˵ϲϲı仯ϰǿӲһأΪǰļһԻϲôߵļһ
˵ˣһе飬ͷɲûвԼС˼

Ҳ벻𣿡˽һλӣ֪ѾԲ˵ٻһλˣԾﰵضϱĵλδСгܵһ죬ƱصֹԼҵĴӷɵ
ȻҲٵȶԷӣֱӽʵԣ֪شˣʲôУλıûı

ڶ⣬ʵʵġ
ھʱŵĲͷɧţٶô룬ֻ̫ѡ
֪һλпԵõСϢܵ

һλ֪أεģ㲻бµˡ֪ͷ·ӣһ£Ӧ֪İɣԷõ٣ֻõǮҪûΪǣҲʲôֵ顣ѵǷеȴûж֣ǿܱһˡ
ȻƲ϶ģּδģΪǵ򣬻ԭžܾӵйأԷһڣµֿʧ٣˷۱
⻰԰Ŀըֺ£Ӿ֪Сʲôˣ֮ǰͿֵһأ˭ٰͻ˭Ǵ߶ʲôûɫӿ϶ǹҧһë

Ϊžܾһڣ
򣬾ԻڹĲʵϣּϲʵ
һأ͵ðƷ϶ǶԷһ¶˷ھֵԷһϡ
ھ־ѣҲӦٽ´˵İ֤Ǵһŵؾܾȴĺ顣

ֻһ㣬ѵ˫ƫƫһգһͰˮͲ´ˣֻҪӣҲܹѵġңǵ֪شͦ˼ģ˼Ҳ֪Ǻ˼ʹشٳߺͺá˫ѾԺͣھҲһЩ飬лˣҪƽ͵ؼƱؾ͵һ޹ؽҪĳͲ
ʲôѶµϢƲסŭһӣһЩǰǵӣ

˵ĶɵԶһϱ
Ѿڸ̾ĺý飬ŭģɰϱŵˣľΪǳˡ
ѾʼԼ⡣

ȴöӽͣϱֶͦŮͰѹ˻ȥιҪ֪ĴԼľٶԼȥһ¡
ѻﺬ⣬˰צģ˽ϵѣҲǴû
վֱӣôӵŤ˲ӣԶϱڨڨһЦû¡û£ûгܣֻϢѣǼæԼˣǧһͷĶ

һڣϺѾʱһȻǳܣǾͲʲô¡
䣬׿ڽͣѾҲ͸ĵذĸһЩС¡

һأȷԼһע⣬£ʵΣô߶ǲǰˣһǳ˰ķݣһЩʲô
ǰƧ֮أƶûһЩ顣
ѵĺ˸ܶƣԣ˵Ҳǻҿɽ˼ҶھΪβͬһɽסͷıƣ

ɽʱǱľԴϿûмܿϷ˵һУ˼ǵھ֣ǳκιϵҲûʲô˼ҪġѲɡ˵ܣܵ
ѰһۣҲŪ飬ֱĵһǣҪϵԣ׾ӡۣ
ɶ

վ̲סͶ䣺˵˻
װģҲȷʵһۣһӣǵ֪أȷʵûȻƾһ֮ı㸻֪λãɲʲôͨ˼ġǵ֪أĿǰӦһ̰޼ɵļһǳһĿɽ˿Լɵھֻ֣᲻ðϾɵ̫࣬ԷСȴǲ١

Ѻھֵ˳ڹΣͷʮļһʵǲ١ڱõĳҲǴھֳĺС
ͷļһԲģ뿪ĳһˣ˵ǼΪǿҵĶԱȡ

Ҳʾˣ֮ܶĻǾ治˼ҡǰļһöԷ϶ԷھֵǷǣ˼޹أԸ⣬Ѿһء
̫֪ۡĺӶ벻ԷдߵķӣԣûԷĽ黹ͨͨɲñ˳ǡ

һЩθСʵ˵Ȼѷ˵˳ôӦʲô÷ɣ
ĵҡʰĲˮӣģֻҪ֪֪صı飬˼ҾԻΪסͷķꡣȻҲֻܸչ˵ģòҪ¶ⲻСľʹ֮Σ
һ⻰˵áô˸еģ

ںڰһ棬лй¶һЩĺ˾ĵĻɬУɲ˶ѣҪˣȴҪǡһȷȵÿƽ£νԨ
һ

һ̣ԼҲףסԼʱΪλῴˡѲԤδԼԸɴһء
ѵ˼ͷٻһЩΨ²ҵ˼ͺ汻Լµĳˮܹͳʲôģ
Ϊ̽ȤĶ

ζЦЦģֻҪȥһϢ˵ӻԭ򣬶Է϶ھһء
ֲãôģӵģʵҲͦµġ

һţҲ˼㷲ʵôҵóʲôϢԷ֪
һ赭д̬˵ͫϢ˽Σǵ֪أֻ˽ʹ˽ΣҪҼߣ½½ذ˽θͷ棬ٿҲкüʮĻƽȻҲصıڣҪʱԸչ˵ģϢҸġ

˲ʶȤ鷳˭ùء
ңչ˵ģɶǴˣܵԴĴϢ³˫⣬ֻõԼĶͷ

еŲˮȴǺ޲ðǰŨ軻ˮΪֻеһθۡ




102.     ӦŰɣ

, αĵ볶Դһ֣һεļ, Ϊеļ尾
ũ, ճϢĴھҵҵΪ۵æµš
ʲôûеµط, αķַ붼üΪ, ĵط˵Ƕܹһ޷ϲ

ʻŽĺӣαΪӦùӡ
Ӧñȹ϶, ƾʲôŮ, ԵõһУڹŮ˵һֱ಻ģȻԸʶؼ޸һ֮ӡ
, αаЦһ, ȻЦĽȴ޸һΪˡ

ʮ, ɷӳ˴裬α޶ĸо
λֻΪ԰ӵϰеس졣

̴С㣬֪ջַӵеһУлˮ£вֵĸôС㼱ȵ
ͬеЦΪΪŮ׼ĺ뱲, ʵǴСе
ڤڤ֮УƲ쿪Цһ㣬ԼҲһԼ̴Ĺ

СĶӳѩɰѹֲס޷ͷվ̲ס͵͵ȥһأһƽССк
ֺ̫̫ζӳ¡
еȫֹһŮˣֻԷƽȹһߡ


֪ԼǱ˷ˣֻۿԷ⳯ԼķλһƳһ˫޲һֻŶҪˣȴ֪ž֡
ͨĸ˼ҡӦе

޹ֺүԸҪһӡ
ϵ˼һݣ˼ڸܵһ۴ѹȣԾΪүɡ

û˼ֻĬĬţŮһֱӣͷȥСӣԼϲλһżΪСŴЦݣԶСɬͯͯղЩʲô
һ˲䣬Ϸˡ

̫̫ôСһծһծȴûдѶԹǣ޹ؽҪһӡ̫ŶԲסˣԸ⻤סĳڣԺҲ˰ɣ
ǲҿοĳɷݣûֹͣơ

αĽĲûУƫƫȱȴĶ֣ˮܵЧȻΪáںóдʼźαֻʣһЩĽ䱸Ҳ˲¶ɫۿϲʤı飬׻׿˵˵öԣǰҴˣһᴦһУȻ͊ߵģҾԲκƻҼӵеĺӣ



õüıΪǳԣһڰ״ˣϵĳ֣˵Ψһиı
дʼţѹһݣαӭӵκεǿԡ

ӣακεĸؿ˵٣Ǻɡ
٣
Ӽһֲһ΢͵ӣĬĬذϵꡣ

˵Ҫ룡αĵ״ĪѻΪƲֹҵľ
αؾװư͵һ棬ȤģľĵǱøΪ
Ӧ

˵Ҫ룡αһһ䣬㣬ûʸܾҡ
αѾԾְԼ˹˼ұСݣŨŵɼٳ֣ԾӸµ̬Էľ档
αɷĿУκεķ֮顣

̧ͷ˲䣬ײĮӶƱһʹҲǺʱʼܵġ
Щʹʱ䵭Щʹȴǿ̹ġ

ųҵľģֻһ˲Ҳ˲
ıҪסʲôӡ

α״ûʲôȤ͵ظ˵Ļ㵽û
ڳĬУˡ
αûз֣ȻҲӦ֪Ҳıҵ⡣
٣֪ġ
Ȼ֪ĻǾ͸òαԾ˵Ϊ˵Ļһʼ˾ֻһ󡣡


Ӻһ˲֪ʱ䣬Ӧźαػش𣺡ҴӦһӦ͊ġ
ģںαٲȻŶᣬ¶ԷƲۡٶûٶһ䣬Ȣʱûһ˿Ƕ˵Ͽɣ

ϣϵϴӲ⻨ɰ
αϲػصݣȥдҪֽʡϵĺɰͷǹϾɣڽ¶޵ĸ鵽˽֮ʱ
ͷһλķݡ
ݷҲߵԵ



ܴܵˣ
䭴غСƽ֪飬δֵĺɫ³Сϡ
ѽҲ㣬ˣҲŵýϸĵС磬ǆ£ϽֹСõҪʰľٶ

СƽǶöһЩС
ͯһЩСζ

ģҲû˵ӡץСõûѪһֻ󣬴ԶһµĴ룺һߣӦõһ»ȰҩȻʰ롣ǧȥּ񣬻ȥýŲһЩƬΪ˵ľٶſܱȽϻƽҪ˵ǿɶҪһúӡ

СƽŵҡͷرƽǺúӡ
䭸εĸоΪõܵͷܺãҪסԼĻ
½һľ󣬾ͼһĻԣôһֵֹ֡ĸо

䭻Ǽģ½һ飬ȷʵǰæСƽ˵ĵط
һ˵ĵطüͲ΢΢һ
й۲쵽õԵı飺ŵˡ
½Ȼ㷲СӣһЦ㣬ֻƬһ»ʹġ
ףġ䭴սһһƽ㲻ʹ𣿡

Сƽ½飬㶣ٲ⣺ʹ
벻֪СķӦ˱ɫ
½ķӦܿ죬ӼСƽ΢΢һı顣
ػССӣ˵ƽʹͲʹҩһøһˣ𣿡

ǵڶΣСƽܵů
¶УСԻϲĸоüǶЦģò֪ˣҪ̲סһЦ
ã




103.     ڰ֮Уݷһ˫أ

۾þ˪Ұ, Уճһӵζ
˴, һȷʵۿõĶ, ʲôĵطɳ뿴һԼûܵĵط

Ϊ˼ҵĵճӣѧĶ٣Ӵеıؾ֮·ӵ, ľɵĻɫ, һԴһ߳ɼͬһ˵ϡ
ǹĸ, ɻ亦ѲŮ, Ҳлһְõĳɳ׶Ρһӵ֮飬Ϊȿ, 䵭֮顣

, Ǽٳֵĳ֡
ûȡ档
õĸ, ˶Ѿڵ³ߣԸֳնԷĺӡ
ǼΪܿɹ

ʯˮĿģѾﵽˣ꺦ԭף͸ȥ
͢Ա͵øûصΡ

վֵСӣǼ, ˼ҳѲȻûйͼ
۷ŵ˼δǰһԱ
ڣǹ˼ҵͷûһЩСӺˣ

۵ļƣʮǳƾˡ
һ£˳ˮۣԹȥԼ顣
òƱϹϾ֮£һҲǲȺСܹʲô顣

Ϊͷã߳ɵˣҹ
ô೶ȵıϺ꣬ʼնܹ̽ʲôҪ
λΪȻҪ˷ʱ䣬ȥԼ˽¡ǡǡû뵽һҸӣһӵǱƬ̲С

֮ǰڴͷ۾ʱʱۣ˵һӿ϶Ǹġʱ˿̣۲֪Ϊε估ĻһܻΪģŶļ侯ѣҲ̽鵽İ֡һΣֶҲܶ¶һ¡ҲǲҵĴЩ˵ˣ϶ҵĹˡϧһҪһЩ棬־ֻǿεġȻһЩСһϣܰҶٻһ飬顭ţ͵Ƿһء

Ȼŵӵһ飬ѵռϵĴˡ
˼𸴳ɹ벻ӵı֣˫ͬһ֪˼ʹ˹˼һѣǿھ˵ݡȻӲ£һ棬δȫɥʧ뻹ǴŶг𱨳ӡ
סһݶ顣

οҪּȲ˵һûµӵܣʵǲж֮ˡ
Ĺ𡭡ĪϣȻˣһصص͵ǻһصľ֮˽һ¡ҵҪһ˭˵ص£

ۼԤУϴ֪̽һ£һβֻǡͲ֪Ǻ˵Ϊ
֮䣬һδʵĴӣ͸һ죬˼άȫϨ֮ʱֱѹ
ڰ֮Уݷһ˫أૣҪ𣿡



ϵĿХ治ˮϵĿХøӾĺˡ
κһķˣС̻̲๫ķôô󣿴ͷˣһô˵ģ
ûµģģ˵ķϰΪʲôµġմӴͷǴ巿ʱ򣬵λǻδˣѡˮ·硣

κԼգٺҰһɫʡصǹ˼ǲܣû뵽˵⣬οɰъͺӸŻˡ
κҡҡͷԼû뵽մӨ⺢ӵŵˣղǺòײҺ˯ŵġ

巿޵ŮȡΪӨκҲԼ׹ŮʲôѾ
ռ޵ҵʱһֶŮĹκһʱҹߡ
ûǱɷ׷֣Ҳзϵؿοٶӵƽġ

ͷ̥˹ŮκۼŵķӦһڣĲɩӣӦûһӻĵȥܱ˼ҡ
뵽κ־òԡ
٣Լһͷһһˢ֪

ǵκңκ̲סΪǸе
żһͷˣֻʶü֡κң˲Ϊ˴˵ɶȲżһͷ
ΪɶǣԼӺͲȻԶݵĹɷС檡
ȻΪã

ûһ̣κܶôĻλõĴǧҲþǵ˸òᡣ
Ϊ˾˵ضԱȣҪͷһ֣κ̷򳪸ذʰֻΪȻԼȥżˣԭôû緢ֵŵ㡣
Ҳҿ޵˼ңκһżҡ

ɷδϳ̽ʱκֻѷ޵Ǵһһ䡣
û뵽ǹɷҡһݣþκƫƫعںãһĪĸ߸̬Ůһָʹ
䣬ԷŮµѵԼȻԷһУҲֻժ¼Լõ顣

κνŮκŮκٲȻԷ⣬ֲ˾ǣͰһŹθȥɵԼ
ԭŮ¹淶Լ治ʲôԽܣŮ˷ɷ
κЦʱͷһĪ붮ԼĸżڳһѾı顣



ڷʲôϸĵذǣûԣkһ֮꣬ʵСӣԭҪ뿪гͻȻжϡ
ϹܣΪСӣж϶Ҫһ£Ѿˡ

ٹ죬ֵûصԺ飬ѾţٻȥͶﻹСоǰµᣬԲüȥسǶ顣Ӧ˵׵ѵֹȥسǶ飬һδɻ
˿̣⻹ټطէȻһֵĳ¶ʵҲ𣿡

ӵģһЩ˼顣
ʱ׵ѵӡڲ֪Ťתǿ׵ܵġ

ڹ˵ľٶ½еһģȻģ϶ἰʱģϱһѾȡ
½ΪΪǻ¡
ⲻϡһʣʲô飿

飬ԼòһЩ̫ף½ҲͰط˵һ飬ƽõܵ䲻˽ĳԺδ
ϲֲã׵ΪǺ¡

׵Ľ̷ǰǼǿȥ̣ƽûʹȱ㣬׵Ǽõĳ
׵Ҳ̫СˣȻ˵ƽõܣԺʤǼֵܡ⿴ƽֻ׷ùʹŲᱻͷС޸׷ϡ




104.     ׾˾˿ˡ

ѵĺһ, к۵ǷǸССģʱЩСӲ͵ù·ﻹΪǲ񡣡
ʱ䶬, ·Ǽ˲ٺ, ܹһ½ʹ˵ϰ߲ͬںӵĳԴ棬ͦúķ˼Ҳ˷ʱ䡣ڴһ, ؼͷʹС, ӵۿҪתȣһЩůĺܹٴԼǰǲϲ죬⵱, ȻΪ׼һЩ·
ѱ, ڵȲɣǰ⸱ԡ

½עת, غһۣ, Ҳа׼һµ·ûк˱ˡ
ɵ, Щʲô

ѵƮһ£ʵǰһֱŲ²ģôοûЧô̫һ
ǰοôȽǻϼ͡½ûһۣӿɱ㿿׶ˣ˵Ļɱ˵ĻҪĶˣ¡
ѲϱôǊƫˣ

½ӿοĵĻǸп
϶˵ö, гһ죬һ飬˭ûа취ӻ˭һӡֻҪѴڵһ죬һЩӾͲ·ߡ
һ䣬½ĳ˲øΪӵͬʱͬγҲǼӵػ˲ٵĶ

½Ȼôһ䣺˵ǲǱͦ
һЩ飬½ΨѵǰչֳΪʵһ档
ѵĺ͸Ȼʯ䣬ַӦ˹һϱ̫͹Լɱ˭Ҫǿ
ѿʵʵ˵ǿһ棬Լϱѹ˲ˡǷ޶˵ЩҲֻкһˣϱĵޣŭɱȺ˲һܰѱ˸ŵɪɪ

ѹ˹ǣңһЩҲûʲô黹ء
ϻΪСڷ絲꣬½ϲƽôΪάһƽ
һǱˣ˭ҶӼԼҶӵͬѣżȢöϱԼϱעС˵֪ص̰磬Ȼڳò˼ɵˣһƾǲء
֪أǿԼԷԾ߻ʵԶŪһλ᲻һλ

һֱ޹ؽҪˣѿûһ£ʺϵ֣Ҳ˳µذ˳ȥ
ͲŶԷҪһ׳졣
Ŵ˽ο̣һʲôСС֣һС֪أûҪôĻƽʲô

½֪æʲô첻ȥæˣ
ѺϾ˼ߣɾͲҵ顣
ǣôټϴ󡣡½һϸĵ׵ǲǸָʲôĵ£

Ψϱ۵ѯӲĳŻеҡ飺ӴˣܸҪѧԼһ£ӣÊɲ嶾ӹǡ˵ˣǵڰӾԳµġ͵ȥѧϰܹһλʿ˲ռײռҲΪġ

۵¼ѿԣ䣬λڼΪʱ򣬾Ѿһ׳ĿǰѺ͹۶ղ˫ûг˵飬ȴҲȫȻԷ⡣
½ΪӺõĹ

ϵģֻõӵغǺ
ѣоˣ



ԣkץıʵ̫ۡװƲѣʵԺӵظɴʵҾ˾˽̵ͦõģӦòɣ
ԣkŹŹֲԹ㲻
ԣkĸҽʵΪΪԼҪʡǣǰ죬һȣӲһΨһϵŵƽ׹
Ҫˣ

ԣkﶼȥֻҹԹԵشԣҵլӣү治Ϊѧϰʵ¼˳ȥһ֣ˣûҪˣŹ˼
׾˾˿ˡ

ԣk֓һģΪ˫Ľ飬ӦûƵ߲嵶֮䲻͵ûΪĵؽԵʲôѴýĻҪҪɴ˵һ£˶Ūܰ뵽ķӡ
ԣk

εĵùԣk¡
еȻٲȻѹ
үǳֳ飺û£ֻһЩС£Ļõ뷨ӡ

òԸ񲻴ֽԣkȴұ֤Լķգ⸹ڵļһ϶ỻ췭ظ
ԣkŵǰˡʵͣôɼ
˵үѽȣ귳յ˼ֻõԼĶ

ԣkһЩ̫ڣؼΪԹɫ׵λۣǲ˼鷳ңǡ㷳յ飬ҶٳϹϵ
ԣk



ʵҲڶµ̽ԣkҵôֲɣǿ˳ء
ѾҵɣϱɾͲˡ
䭴յ׵ǰգ۾ˣѵð

ѶӣõģѵҪҪȥ˵һЩû
䭲ǺŪСӦ˵ֵܵʶǿСûȴһԼȷ˼·кҲѯʵ㻹Ⱥ˵һ£Ϊʲôǵǵ
ѣӦ˵˻˰ɣЩСӣôô鷳

ģںĴӣֱøһЩ
С׵ļϣ֪Ϻ˼ҡͷ̾Ե˵̣˵˵ͲôΪһᱨӦԼϡ鱾ͷ˵˲ǲֻʱδƢᣬûĻͣ´ɵüǵøһ¡
ѣ
Թۺˮ⣺аǱ˺ü֮

½ﱾֻʣһЩѻڵɢһգȡ֮ǿҪЦ
½Ц⣬ʱӱԼ˿С۵ģϽ˻ֵƽȰһ·

ʲôӣʲôĺӡ
ҲСȵŵŵţæԶӡСƽ˺Լ֣СҲСøͬ͵ŵŵŵСȹȥ

䭹ԹԵһ·䳤·ˣ
½ϵӣһЦǰϲϲ
Ϊֱĺúӣ˵ٻϲÿȥѧ飬öຢӶرĽҡ

ѧԴСоԺһסϾԼѧǴѧãе棬ȻֻһŲƹȥСܹ˰ӣŲһõѧͷķԺ˲ٵӡ
һ˴ӣĽ˶࣬ۺȴǼ٣Ѳǣ˼ɵ⣬һҲ˲ٺ¡
Ȼи𼸼ϲ˵ЩСһЩ˼ңӶϣʱ򣬾ǽ鲻õġ
˼ң˼ͦġ

һǡ
˶ˣͲΪСܷѾ˼һЩŵˣôΪµĶ￼ǣ¶е޵ġ
ÿֶһұīֽⶼټӣҪ˼Ҹ˻ˡ
ѧȻһֱУīֽǵԼ̯һ֣ﲻԣ˼ң뷨Ҳֻܷ
ÿӶܶ飬ϰֵıīֽ⣬ѧṩ

ʯ峤Ϊθ̾һķõƣ
ܣֵܵͬʱʵ֮һ
ΪݵǿԳɫܱͬѧӺͱīӡ
ݼӵĺ£ܹһһ˭ܲڳֵܵĴ壿

ҲΪˣѶĺһ࣬ѧ֪Ӻ治ÿһӶǿԣġ
䭾ûдƲ··СһЩѾΪ׼µ·
磬СػڴӵĺͯУ䭵֣ӵĺʵһЩġ
ҲǾõģô峤ĺӺ峤ӣͬһѧģпԽȦӡ

Ǽɻûһҵôںºûгһ¡
С·ǼС鴩ϲõʱ䡣
䭲ųһЩԼûз֣ѾΪ׼úʵ·
üΣ䭶С鱧ԹÿζüͷֳľҲҪÿζԼ·żβܵõµ·
һЩС£еСʵᰵԱȽϡ
ÿʱԼررá

ʱɽӵӣһ˲Ҳϱررá
˭бŭӣײϱһͬʵΪĺӣһ׼˻С·
ӻ׶ڷʵСƽϲϲ·
СƽȻ˼صϲ




105.     

ӵĸпȻ
˲Լĺӵһ, һԾ£ȴű˵ĺӣ⣬Ǽ, ̫̫ϻûеۻ軨ĵز
ŵʱ, һǻĳܱס졣
ţСƽƨߵߵظżøһȥˣ̫̫ôһǡõʱҪºԼҵͷ˵һ顣

ĺһ, ӵķӦһ, ͷԺȻǻһʵǼ٣
Цĵ飬ƭʲôô

ګګС, ԴȢϱ, һֱ˼òõһ£˶ҲȰһ, СӲֻǲ, еӲάϱʮ궼ȥλ, ˼ָ쵱үү̣ôͺȻأ

ʱһѵ⣬Ҫϣܹһأ԰ϱŤӸ
룬Сӣֲʲô顣
ϴ룬ҵӣĿ֮, ҪԼĺӳ֣һ֮ºģû

Լҵĳ£˿ɲ֪ʲôȱ¡
Ĭͺ룬˻ΪǼҲ
ӲŸͰ㿷֮޸߳ţ;һŵԩ

˵ӣҲǵ˶Ȣ޵ͣԾʲô˵˻޵ĺۡúľħ˵ľ඼ĵϡֱֻϴĻ٣ԸҲ϶ǳģϴôռųĺλãȲǳӣӻȻҲͺӵӡ
ȢһԲŵϱΪζĬĬܣʵǶӼȢ޵һ̣ͷһ˵Сӵﻰ
ϳԸȴûеá

ײµóӦùúİɣ
ֹĶѣСӶࡣϾǺɸֵҪǺü춼ûµأҲе̫šһӣľ˱Ƕִ̫֪ѾԺˣ

Ȼղ̣ɲĴ¡
ԣðɵӣҲܱ뺷ģӦò¶˳˶ӵ˼ӦûһӣһһȺ˵ıӡ

Ҳ˵˵ϴµ£ɻȱ¾ѹССֵġ
ԼҶӵı¡
ģ治Ѫľٶ˵ܰһģ͵ĳ̶ȿС



֮ǰ۲ѾŻһ𣿡
ԪСԱհ˫⣬ԷСӴˣķڷԭ˵ĸǸ鼫õ׽ãȻݹϵǴͬλá˫һ𳤴ĺý飬Ԫ俸ͲҪӣһɫµˣͰżݵϡ

Ԫͷݣǿһ֣˼Ц⣬Īؾ¶У⧲ٵǰҾ˵һأҵˣйһأҲӶԷĿУõشϢһأץС㣬Ѿ֪ӦõҪʲôˣû뵽Щһϸ飬ŷҲǾϲġ

ΧƵô˵İ׮һһߣЩ˻С

ԪһأǸ˲ãʮĻƽ֪ЩҪʲôĵطңȻλһҪȷòȻļһһҪסˣǹƻΪԼܹһ벶ȸں󡣡

ۿɲм˵Ĺͣżǰȫἰ
һľԪ俱øӳ죬ҲӲˡλĶȻ

˵˵ͷ˼ȻҲֻһأȫ۹͡
еұ۰򣬲һ£֪Ժټŭɶ
⹫ĸͱܣϽεˡ
ıƣ˶ԵȻ֮Ψ˾ǲɴ룡
ܵĶʲô˲ҪҪԼΨʣˡΨһص㡣

Ԫ֪Ѵ΢΢һ̾ϧǵľ˾Ѿսɳ⹫ҵĸףĶŮȻһܸɵĸ԰ģҲߵòģ¶ϸı
öĳڹ֮УĵλȻͳûĸѾȥûһĸذģɲȫѺע

ԪĻ˵ݣȴһЦݣĸ岻ԣ֧ĳָλҲֲϡ
Ϊûвˡ
ǸǲΪǿƾʲôΪλãԷӹǸ֮ʱܱȥ

ʶ壬ע⵽ĶԪϸһƣȻһ壬Ҽǵò⹫𣿡
˵Ϊ䵭⹫˵ˣ˾ѾҲˣԸɴͰ齻ҵϡ
Ԫȴע⵽΢΢һƣ֪ͬһµˣݷųɣȻҪеĸ԰ģǡǿģ㲻͵ðæʰ̯𣿡

Ǳֵܶˣڶıʵڲٶϳȵ
𿴿ҪΪӮҲֻǼˣͷĲʵء

ȴҡҡͷްõķӿ롣
Ԫ֪Էδ⣬⹫鲻࣬϶ǻᾡľذæɡǿǵĴԪҲһַԵѵؾ񰡡
Ԫ俵ĳ֮ɫһš



ϵĳ֮ɫͬʧ졣
û취ٲĵ飬һܹҫĺ飬˭ܰڳһųüչĻⲻë

һ죬Ϥһ˼ͬʱӦ˫˫һۣ
κ벻ãͨϲһҲ֪Լҵ϶ӣĳͷˣ
ϾӣɾֻһϾԡ

ĸϲؽϲǮѹѹ󿪵Żͷ½۵кܶ࣬ΨһΪ۵ģȴٷˡ
˵ģͷһˣǲ⿴Ҳ治Ǻˡ

ѳô˻飺ϱһ㣬ɲһɺɫˡ
½һָۣı£֪ܲ
ѻϱ֮ǰѾ˰֣˾ϰȷˣԼǾƲܷġ




106.  Σ   

ѻ, Ͳκټ
źϢصչʵĺҲҵϲһ㡣

һ, ¼̫, ʱ̫ݣŵһٷ֪شˣǸĿ, עⲻѡ

ιβֻŵĲ, ô֪ش˶ԳϲһǾƵ˵ȥǼҵ˿϶Ҫ߶һЩС, ôҲһ, սӣҲҪеĶӶ, ǿӷӡ, ǹǼСû˼ҶӵĳϢ˵, Ҳûеԡ

һͬɲˣҾֻһҡҲǵݵģֵͷ㿴ҲֻСһλ𣿡
һƤǳô˵Ļǲ㣿ֲãͷλֳҲֻԸ⹩һλС飬ҵײ˼, ʵĲⱾȻ󡣱ϾǰҲһλΪ˶ҵ׵ϼһ

һһһȴֻһ˶ҲˣҫĴ飬ôһҲ׻һءһƣǵ֪شˣðڳͺģ֤ǵĴӣĳһλҾͲţǼλû룿ңҵ˿ɺţһҲûֻҪݵĺӣʶֶöӡҼҵĺӿɲֻҪõ˺óɼīֽ⾡ǲӡ룬СݣӵģҲѧһѧ˼ӣϽһӣû˼õ飬ӾֻԼĺӵһӣ

࣬Ųͬ
֪ؿͿضԴҶϣ˵һͬΪ˼ҵͣһزĶˡ
ªŵļһûʲôʶ̽ɴʲôƽջ֪ġ

Ⱥ峤Ͳͷ߶ҲΨķûдڱӡڱӰʮˣǼʮˡ

Ȼ޶˾Ǿ̫࣬˵ķӦһЩ롣
ɷĹϵ½Թһ㣬ƽǣϵҫγҲһּĵܵܣϵõµΣֻء
ѵĺûƽû£е˻Ǹ֮¡
½һʣôȷǸ֮£

Ұİ˵ûҰĶ֣һǿóϱѵɵһ棬ѵֲ̲סϧĿ֮£ϱ϶ǲġ
źһ£ֻػصϱҶ˸ƽǶ˵ļͬ˵ܵͱˣɲǰ۹ŊһƣֻҪδ˭СӵĻᣬ϶Ͷұظɳһ¡

Դһ£ѾѾ˵ܱܵˣͨ͸һı䣬ԲŻ˴һ
ϱ
½еŹ֣
ѼٿûСֻʊɻǵĳŵ

Ȼǵá½ࣺίˣ֪ҵԸ⼸ɶǺúӡ˵һЩӡôֺʱҡҾͲûκθдȱģӵͬʱöಿ౻Ǹ˭ɾ˭ǲ˵
ѱñȸղŸӲȻˣЩСҲһҵΣӾӰɣϱӦ£ûзڹ

޶˵ʱ֪ؼع
ͬڼ˵ĺӡзķ޶ˣ֪ض
ģ½ղȫȻͬĹά

ˣαضϼһ˿֪ϲӭصĵҲǻᴧĦ⡣
ֻһ˹ЦûбëͷСӣӵһͷôÿ꣬ӵһͷﻹ˵һĿɽһͶԵǰ̸ָտɴ

֪ʹἰ˵ݣһ̽λ˼ţ˵Ĵѹᣬ˼Ϊġ
ľһǻĹٵӣ˵ʲôô˵ͬţŪԺҲ̧ͷͷʱƤӻ̫ǳˡ
µˣ

ڣãĻ͸¶Ŀģһӣƺûʲôɵĵطչ˵һֱСȥѲֻԭеϽ飿
۵ʱģյԸھֵĴ㣬Ϊ֪ؿɼǺµ֦Ȼβؾܾ
С˵۹ֱ뾴ƲԳԷƣ

ⶼûкͺȻһС
ٴһѹ˵ģ˵չ˵ģɲֻһ˵λٸһ㡣
ȻҪһУģ˽²ֻһѵİѱץ»˴£ʱ˵ٻⲱͷĶܺòôŶ⡣

۵鶼ûŪףǵĿӱޣǡһ¡˵֪صƹܵѧšˣֻ߽ʿһɶǹ֮һ֪ر𼸱ʲܲλĹΪ߿ݷʽȽϿ졣û취ƾΪٵҪǨͲҪ϶¡
̫ˣ

չ˵ģû뵽ŪߣֶһλĽʿ˵Էǹѹ
ǵ÷Ըµ˰һЩ
֪ȻеһЩСóת棬һҲǲԡ˭μģܹ֪λòãܹҵرԷһ졣

֪ص㣬û˵µһ
ʹ½û֪һƣ޶಻ʲôƵĺˣǰϲΪǿļһҲĲһˡ
İš

ģڰصźͷر
벻֪ɻ͵׽λɲɵģֻѲõı
Թ۵ۣƵģ˱뷴ѣ˵ĺת˲֮ݷػ˹Ѫ
ǡļһ

۰סӣ֪أļһ߻˵İڼš
¹شʵǮӣͷôûţ
۲ҪžֹźһٵٶԷļߡ

ٿȻ͸¶⣬½ﲻԵʵ뵽ʲô
ûʲô׵ĺЩ΢ֻЩ˵Σֵֵá
½ûһʣҲѧϰĿǣ״Ҳãֵεġ



ֻϧѵĸжʱ⣬ҲάƬ̣Ϊ
ϱƭң
ȿȣ˭쾡һЩŵ£Ϊû˿־ܳûʹ

ǣԷʱάίָصı顣
׵װģرۣһЩθۡ
Ϊ׵һ¶⸱ģÿί˿϶Լǵù˵ϡ

СƽʲôѧʲôͣһúõĿɰޣӲѧһģ
䭳˳ǣСϿĵȰƽⲻѧ
СƽССָҲֱ׵ָѵλãŪ÷ϵˣرԡ

Ӳžĵ˻Խܣƫɾб£Լ档
ؾĶӵΪ
̫أӵģǣĿǵʮ㡣

ͷӵϿ䣬ӵˣȴûۣͷصſĶӰᡣ
֪֪˵ſùȻôһ䣺ôСܵ




107.  107   


լ, ȻסţҲûаǴĿլķ
һשһߣǶʱǮŸǽ, Ů, ͷĻǱѰ
˵ĻǴլһ˶µĶӳ˼ֹ, ɶǴټլ

ֻ, Լ뷨ҵլӣһ˼Ҳٳ֡, ϶ֲһ, ˼һʱ򣬲סլӻסĶլ˵ʲôҲ
ûţ
ɶ˴˼

, żլӴɨһ, ܲסû̻մȾլլĻ, ڲס
ȻϹʱӦǼǰԱȡ

ʱ̫٣ѻѻɫһȻýסķլӡլûסˣͷȫǿյġⲻֲҾ̸߱ǣֲǲתӣҲھӵ顣
֪ĸȥ, κֱתķլӡ

Լլɶģܲã
סǿס˳;Զ·һӣ϶Ǿƣ룬ﲻ̹
ûȵˣһֱ֣һڵͨĻ廹£ô˾ͱڣˮ׻ţҲţҿǻˮһ£ֲûпݿסˡ

ֳܻһЩĸȴҪСµˣɩҲ⡣
ߣķӿɻûൽסеˣԴˣǱȰסլһͷΨܹæˮСˡ

κԼˣҲ̫࣬£Ҳ˶ѡ
ֵܶ˳ȥҵҲûӿס
ͷûĴʱĹȥ޵棬СѾߣѾڲ֪УҲҪǵ͡

һĲ䣬һ񡭡
ζ񣬴һ±˵ܵܣֻСܹĿܣ˼ֳɳ䣬ֵǲֲֺ˵Ķ
ѵȻ

һֲ´ĵԣ½˳ǣ̲סĲλͱһ¡
½زԹɫҲɾѵԱ߶ѣԼ˵
ʱҲǷʰ

ѸܵϱôһݷźһֱϱĴΪʱλѸٵذ̬ȣſڳ˵
ѴԼܵ꺮ů
ϾǰϾĸ׵ģҪһʱûӣĸĳɱﲻסһ⡣

Ѹղźֳģĸ׵ģʵڲ˼ˣֻʱѹػ𱬵ӡ
ȱ£ֲûɫģҪ˵Щʲô
Ӵɵڣ̫ŲµóӦ£ȴûϵ˵飬̫ǲʮǧ

ѵ̬Ϊ⣬һ˵˵Ƿ޶˵ѾߣҲСˣСˣֻǷųȥˣҾû翼
Ȼеĺ⣬˿ûһһ⡣

޷粻ˣһڣ۲쵽ʲô
٣һӵĴˣ뷨
֪ĸı£˵۹⣬Զ̾硣κ̫Ĳı£ŮУһ̹Եʾ̲סд㵡

΢΢һ̾ĸ磬ǲǷʲô
⻹÷ʲô𣿡ûֿɿһغ˺£ҲػصСӣһȱ㣬Ǿǲ̫ߵˣɲһ£ͷǷٻȥϸϸ۲ɡ
컹ջСܵѧϰǿһ飬´ξͲôġ

ʵϣҲֲҵĻ̫˻˼ϱ޹ģƹֵµˣҲǵĸ飬ӴҲ
⣬Ůڣʱͨ
Ȼλ͵ʽٳǰ֪أҲͨߵҪƣûǲҪ˵⡣

ѽƹƣĻҲڲصһ룬ָŪѻϧղ̫һᶼ᲻á
̫һģǰ缦ذ𷹣ʡò֮ꡣȫΧ۵ͷӣٴθ̾Ӿڵġһƣ˼ССӳԵ졣

Ҫۿģһĵػؼкò˷ŽϱͷӶҪСǲǡȫһûûε⣿
˵ϱôܵ쵰Сӣ

Ҳһ㡣ѲŲ˵뷨һϲĲˣ֪ϱǽġ
Ҳڣӵģ֪Ӹ̵飬ȻλָȻɶŽûûΡ




108.  鷳   ½ġ

, ķƣɫ̬½Ͼ֪ǱһӰġ
˵, ½ǳͬ
ǰԤº˺ĸ, 巿򸾶Ǵϻˣν϶һ³̡

Ů˶顣
½Ҳõɫû˯õģŴϰ, ϰߡ
Ĵҳ, ˾ռһ£ŮԼɷ򣬿϶ǲһĸо

½, Ҳͽ飺ɫ̫, ҪҪٻȥ˯һҲûʲôҪæģҊкء
κɩӰ, Ŀ¶лûµ, ɩĺӲ̥, ˭չˣ

κĸӣκõϰߡ
ʱˣļᴧӵ˼
ճʱκùߵӾæҲֻλš
Ϊӣκĸ߷̣λ˱Ƚϲһ

κҿĸ׸ӣȻȷ
, ƽҲõĵطһҪ˵ûиƭ˵ġ
κ治ʲôӡ
䣬һճһЩˣҪǰչ޵ӣżҵˣû̫ػҪġ
СѾߣκСķϣƽҲǴգȴû뵽ˣҲǵġ

κѾõӿе֪˭ģ˭ģͷ⸴
ʵûǰκҲܹκңżҵ̫ݣκĸĻ
ӵģСѾҲгһ졣

׵ţмӣżҲȥæչ˵ãԲµġ½￴΢΢һɫ棬ص뷨ҲͿοҲ̫ԼһˣСѾ֮УҲһĵģ
һʼ½Ϳһ˼Ҫ󼫸ߵˡ
ȻɼȴҲǿԴˣǼ沵Ϊܶ಻沴СĽλҲֻ֮ȴҲδʲôǿΪ
񶼲¶˿ıɱ֮ɫ

üͷļΣڴ󷿺̫Ե֮ġ
ԣ½õӡһֱͦģ֮ûнҪæչӺͻܼҵס
ңλռ޽żҵʱͬҲæӦ仯ٺ˼Ҳӡ
˫Ŀദ໹ڷڲŻлϼ䡣
ֵּܶ

ķλã½ȥլԶһ
½Զ͵ТҲѺʹӵȣӦԼʱĳŵһпվͻȥүү̣½Ҳ治ٶһˡ
Ͼϻ۵ĶϱҲ֪뿴˭

һ굽ͷļ֮١
沵ĹϵƵϿ࣬׽㣬治ȶһסլϽ顣



ǰһˣǳԵĵԼˡɩӻеؿοκóǰУҲ;λıȽڡ񣬶Էƽ͵ļ仰΢΢˼뿪
κԻǲģټСĳ֪ζӦ飬ǻ̲סʧɣѾ֮УĲģԷ»ǲһӴһˣܹ黹һ
κģε飬λ˵仯

˵ɩӻǰĲлûһ仰ҿܶڹκĸмȻշתһϣһ뵽ûȷ֣½µĻʵ²ѡ


ɷ˯ʱ䣬κߵ˫ۡ
һͷҪɷ檵飬κ˲Ը¶ҳ󣬻ΪŮ˵˽ġ
ǵκңҪԼҵļ£ֻκһ䡣
κҰ˵ȫڵɷ⶯뷨

κκĸĸǲģκҲмС檡
Ƕ˼ҵͨ
һϸĵĸǲ˽Ӱ죬κҪռɷ˼ƵǴ治뷨

κĸܹŮĸǺϸĴĸ
⣬κĸ²ĶΪκҵĵ»ŮĹʸǻӰȢ顣
κ͸˵ˣκܹܲ׵뷨κʿĹȴռ˸һ֡

Ƭ̵ͷκԼ˽ĵĻɡ
Ȼ˼һҹĽκǾѭԼġܵСӰ죬лݵ壬ʵɩгһգ˷Լɷ𣿡

½գ۾ΪѼɧزĴûйĵġλӽŮ˵ˣӵ޼˼ңǱû취ԼλֵòǰļΪˣҲص˵һ
˵۹⣬СӣûҪԼǰȣʵвࡣ
ɴ˿֪ǰѣ׳жôǡ

Ҳѹ֣ѻʱʱڵò
ǻĳ࣬ΪȽϷݵĹѸҲѣԼλÿ󣬻ͷϹҪ
½ɶҲû͵òⲻҪˣŪرԡ



κҲûɫģɩıֻ֣зĵĽʵϣĲɩദκҲ⻰ˡ
Ⱳӣκûôӵˡ

΢΢һɫղŵһ½׶Է˼ϸƷһ£һԷյദģ֢ᣬʵҾÊԶһСģԶȊеظ؊ֻǊûзֵһ㡣
κһ㵡

½ζһЦģôɩӣϻǸоĳЩˣǿط񣬵ÊǲҲˣԼӣСӣʵϊ
κ

ʱ½ﵹǼˣϲڱûӦǰһס
ֻٵο˶ĸ˹ľǶλֻڹͨѡ
½ڶһ䣬ԷӦ鲻ʶȤ뿪ѿռһԹͨδޡ

ͷЩε
½ȴͨװɶҲûпģȻһõĸоɷϣҲöԷʵɲ١
½ĵ

½ûҭûţΪԼҲǸõģĽˡ
һͦӰڲԶţԼ˿ɲ񰮹µˣ½Ҳſ䣺أУôҲһѣ
϶ءѵƵ͊һһСӾң˵շתһϡҪ˵λǰ鷳

½ˣǲǾνԹ嵱ԣ




109.     һӣҲֻĸɡ

˽ʿһ, ֻһ壬ӵҲǶֳ졣
˻ϲ, ˰ʹ

ҵ, ԼֲܷһҵȻʹѣùĸֵ׵ͶӻﻰԹ
Ƿּû, СһӰȥ, ĿǰסһëƤС£춼һοǲܷɻڴĺ£
, лһ޽Ů, ȴǱʶˡ

ֻԼ˵ĹϵѾ޽, ûҲ, ⶼ޽õʱ䣬׶ûйһ
, ˶ûһ˰ݷãҲ֪Ѿҵĵλ
޵ʢкüļױ˼ûһ˲֪
ͬĹҵ˿ʱŵżңǴ㣬Ǵġ
ҵһλȫǲŲʡ

ҵôܻû뷨أ
ʵϣѾ޵һ, ˲ڼҵĹ⣬Ҳвٵֹ

ĸǰŮ򽻵꣬ǰŮʲô̫̫һأ
ѾŮĸͶԷΣ˴֮ͬˮ𣬿࿴ᡣ
ջ۵ӶУñ˴˶׼ᣬ;Էʹ֮ȥ

ĸûŹʱھ䳰ȷһͨͬǹң˾˵ӣΪʲôȴûĸˣý޳ź󣬊ȥżҵĴжٴΣ˵ÿλǲֹȥЩ˾ʧܡ

ѾʵҲͦԹģ뷨岻Ӧһִ󷽵ҶҵĹƾʲôֻնý㣿
ǰҵˣ󷿺ķһֱǽ鼫ǳ治ȶŷǣԣѾ治֪˼Ҷķꡣ
ңѾʲô£˸Լ״㶼ƣ˭ҪֶŮ׵չŮ쾭壬ݹյµȫƾԵݹϵ

ѾپʧӣȴҲڳ̬ĸЦЦǊҵ˶ˣ˵壬飬ҵ˾ֳٶ˵飿Ҽ޽ңôҶҵˣôºǡҪ˵ǹһӦõġ

ѾҪظԼϳɾĸȴôʣһѾͷƬӣҲ߿Լ壬һûɊ׵Ҳǹû﹩ŊÿּҺ˭ܿҲֻӊһӣֵܶûʲôݿԣյһû۾

ĸ˷ۣѾɫ콻ӡ
ɲ
Ҫг۾Ļô޽ôһ˼ң
ĸһĴʹʹֶΣżҵӹȴڣȫĺǰ˸ӴŹϵ
ûޣС˽ʿһ£ͷһѵĺżңŸѡ

Ѿȫˣоһ£ѡżҾвٺõģԼһ˼ҵǰ
ţҵı仯ԤڣѾˡӦ˵Соһ£Ӧ

ΪʲôǰСԲУȴǺȻطҡֱϣ
СӦǰ뱲Ӳ־ʵķ

ֻСѣõܵĶ鱾£˾䡣Ȼ˵ͣǰõܣΪҪ˵ԼʲУ;ֱ治ˣ
ţСŵͣһڴɶſΪڶ

Ѿ֪λû£һڣС˫ȳ£Ӧһݡ



˫ȳ£˭Ūֽţ
ĸп£ѵ䲻ôһ䡣

Ȼһ£˼״Ʒζһ̫ԾʧЦصĸ磬֪˼
𣿡Ѳôӵôӣֻûʲôһأ

һӣҲֻĸԼӡ
ûջ𣬷˶ԺôһԶɵˡܸеЩɣ֪ԼܣϵĵӺҲμࡣ
ǡ

ǧƪһɵĸ磬ĴǣӦòѡ
Ѵϵȵȣ˵ûȤֲɵӣ㲻ҪԼ²ҲϴСҺϽ

ĸ˼룬ƿԣһõϽ֡
ƾٹ

ĸѵɩھ𣿡
ֱ׳ãӣӶͬĿ꣬ϱǾˡǳƴڼϱӣûëֱٺò

㶼˲ס֮磬ѵӸֶӣ˵ú飬ֶ׵Ҳġ

ô˵СԼɵˣȻҪһɵѲΪһȻ뵽ϱĻһ͵ظ辯ʾС鷳࣬ǼѾûУƫƫִɼһĵؽֹȥ˵峤ĻһˣԺҪˡɲҪͬһˣȫġ

ĸ磬Ҷ˼ֻпΪпɲΪֱֻٶʧЦػصңһûдĵط
㲻Ļ˭լС¶ûз֣һЦٳֻն㲻ÿζôĺˣС´ζĵԸΣ

Ծģ΢΢һ̾
˸ԼҫҲĸܵܵΣ
˵һ£ȷʵز٣ĸѵѾһ¡˽ϸϸ۲죬ŷֶ˼ѾߣƽʱôĿ͵͵עӡ
һּӼ񶾵ĺ

Ϊĸ񣬲һ棬Ƶóĸ粻ٳһ£Щϧ
ڴֶ׿ĳ̶ȣһ
ĸдѵı£ܵܵĲδ˵ȻүĻүӿҪˡ

ģ飬ûһΡѹͷػظǰ飬лһء
˼üรǴˣ
˵ͷˡ
һǣҲûܵδûĴ¾ԣϣǳ١

ѵĶȤζֺʵˣ֪˭ֽ𣿡
ģȴƽػش𣺡ĸ磬֪˭ֽš
ѵ̬ͬ䣬ϾļҳС£аȻ֪Ļ㾹ȻԭСˣ
ûСû˼ѱʵ˼ֻǾ飬ҲȷʵҳɳࡣңڵңӦҲҪٶһЩʲô

ûм˵Ϊܸһӵؾ档ʵҲҪҪڵǺˣŲʾͿˡ
ǲ˼飬ǲųȥһˣôһߣ췭ظı仯
ֳӡ仯Ҳ̫˰ɣ

ǿ˵ܵܵ΢ȷʵĲٶʲô
żһ֣Ǳ߻һСһ󳳣ӹǼɹλʵĽѡ
ϧϱڵġ

һźԺӡ
Ȼʼ䣬ʮɤţڲԶ̸ֵ֮壬峤һ㣡




110.     һͷȴԵùŹַǳ

󸹬۹, 峤ȻּһĴ顣
ӲˣڼӣʱƵġ͢ŵĻ, ҲָϾ
峤, 治ײҵһĴӡ

һ£նȽ϶࣬峤ɵ칫ӣʱµ, ֻµĸо
һûа׷, ûаһ칫
Ҳֻһ죬Ĵлհһǡ

֮ǰ, ϵ, ˼ҽŻһæʰӡϱǹټǧ, һԭȵ֪ش, ûɫˣҲ֪ݶԲԵȵ, 治ſ
ûǰģһӶؽŵη
һɱӺΪ¹ûɫǼûɫһҲ֪þһЩΪҲǻһ¡

ӣһ޿ɾͶ㲻Լ˵غը, صϲ£ҪԵ˼һǲ١
÷һ˿һĻͯǴΣϲˡ
˿̣Զǰ˰ΧõΣɩҲʵĽϧ£ûˣÿҸЩϵĺûö඼ûġ

½˳ǡ
巿򸾿û뷨ҪʺƨףµҪһóӭļһܶ׾١
õƫӶࡣ
Сĺýλֻ»¶ϲ֮ɫҪ߹ٳ֮·ӣǼõİ֡
˵ձƷ֢ᣬλദ棬ֲֻϲ١

һɵ㺣ݷڶλ֮ʡ
˫ֶǺò뽿ˣ½˶̲ס¶Ц
꣬оʤ»ڡ
ĸԼ˽Ѿһ£Сķ޸ܵӰ죬û뵽ЩǸǻ

˵ԴܾûλӵĶɩӡ
½ξӵɨһ£żȻֵôÊáţӸ̩

÷׵ϲɫ˲᲻صһԸգٺ٣ҺҲԼֲ٣ⲻû취𣿊Ҳ֪ҵģЩû꣬Ҳ᲻ӵ˷Ѱⲻֻÿһ㣬һãϵҲͳ˲ٳ

Ȼ֪ⳤø̩һ㣬̫̩ҲӰ콡ĺӻأɲܱ˱˰ɣ½׼ɩӵԸ֪Ȱ沶ĸ飬ҲԸΪԷһ˼ٽҾÊûǶټһ¿ڣɲ˿ڵĻһЩһûȥÿһһȡ
ԣ÷һЩŵף̫̩𣿡

Ȱ÷ỳһ£½ȰλȴŲɡеĺӣǿķһһΰġ
ҵˣûżҵһԷ޿ɿֻǵҶѣ÷ڲ֪ʱǴĵ沵ġ

Ȼá½ûΣʵʵʵûиоȽƺƣ𣿡
÷˵͵ࣺͦģһΪԼ͵Ĺϵ
½ʮͣഺһѡ
ĵĹŴ



¹غӲռȥ÷֪ҪرѣԼõһ¹ȥòλһķա

Ѿף
½һͣѾȷ絽˸˵׵ʱǶֶŮ޵ԵʣֶŮҲ˵˼ҡ
½֪һ£ȴٴθеġһѵò˼ҵĶŮ¡
ҡҡͷֹҵģҾÊȷһš
÷Ϊɶ

Ůҵӡ
ȻֶŮֻżſڱԹ䣬½ȴ˼ġΪ˱ϲһ飬½ǰֹ˵һ¡
ĸ֮ý֮ԣʱ쾭塣
ǣʱʽ˵£ͼûɶ˵˾ˡ

ԣСѾֶŮ½֪λ϶Щ顣
˵ĸǺ֪ǲյ£Լ˼ûвεذյ£

½ôȥ̽һ̽ͬĿڷ磬Ļһ綨¡ҵŵڣƲ༫󣬵СӸ̽ŵҲ˵󲻴
ּǷּңŴرмһ˵õȮ죬Сһ£ΪθϲʤΪ˹
ֵһΪ˼ҲΪҲ䡣

ԣҸӵΪƷԣ½ǲûɡ
˺ͶӶһ˫۾ƷԲõĻӶͰߵһߣҲôá

½뵹һź¡
ԣֻиӶˣͷûеĸѾֶŮҲƢӲġۼ޵һżңͷţעǻίġ
ԣֻˣլһ¡ȱҲֶĵĸɣ
½ͼǵһĻԣⶼһץֽŶ̫¹˵һͷ͹˲һͷ

½еüá
ȴûϵԼҵĴӣڽ˵һ£ȫ˱еĹ

ԣkڸǵ飬ƫƫͱص̸ͱƳ
ͷ±ӵᣬλҲŪ⵽ֻҪġ



ɩɩ
κһطУٿżҵˣȫһһصĲࡣ

ص磬ԼҾסķ
ķһӣͷβûиı̬ȣǰͰعԼӡɷĸӣκͼٴΡ
˵ģκǵһ֪ԼɷĸУȻǡһ

κ𾪹˼ɷĸɩص㲦ܻϹӹƵģԶԷݳơ
κһЩ־Ρ
ĸɩҪǰĴæɷ򲻸Խޣ󲿷ֻԼþޡҲҿɩһУȥߴĻͷ·һ뵽ɷŵ飬κĸж

úȻĬ÷Ҳɶɶãǲ̫ˣ
ڵùѵκҲȷʵѧһ£ǾǷ²Ҫ̫š
κѵûصȷʵе㣬ɩɩʲô
÷΢΢һ㶣ˣܻܿصҲûʲôĶŮ׼ҵ顣

ԹԣôˣѲھ۸
÷Ե˼̫ϣҲҶʼ䡣
ܣ˰

Ů׼ңκʲô¶΢΢Ǹɫ˵ֶŮˣˣɶûļױͷٲһݡʱ򣬻ɩӰҴֶŮ
κżӡãȫ֪˼ڸ

κʶ˲ǳ
ΪһˣͶɩҲվɵ̬ȣһ㶼ûϸֺõľٶԾģͬҲθ˶޵
벻ֻ֪֪֮ѣںֵܵݣľֺ巿ֺķ
ֶҲǻģɻڴҲָտɴ

ԸԼҹŮã÷ģһֺǵػصаѾͷһлġ
ΪκһͷĵûǺڡ

һͷȴԵùŹַǳ
û취ֵּܷң˵ӹϣ˵ӹȴǷֱ
һġ

ľȻĵӣӵĴ֪˵죬ϴһӣһ粻һ
ѵһ뷨Ӷծ

ѲŲԼӵ뷨ֲӣֻ˼ҵֵܣֲ˼ҵӡ뷨ϴүû̺ã˭˭Ųֽ̯ӡ

ֵǰͷȴͻȻʵĸ磬ֶӽҲûл
üֶӵĳɳģҲռ˺ܴһ֡ɲûзִԽռ治ӦòӰ
ѣĪ




111.     

ǰ, ͬϵ϶һ˴Ժ⣬ŵĴ, ʱ˵Ǹӿԣ
ʵȻ

˼ҵլ, Ҳûš
۱ѧ峵ڵҲͰҪ, ܹ϶һ, ҲԸʱָС
һѪԵǣһŲӡĺҪת˵ע, Ϊ˲̽Ӳ, ÿڽ顣

͹۶֪ԼĻͷɵ, Ҳֻԣkү
׻˵ú, ˵˵ٴ
ԣkȷǳ٣һһСĺ, ǻĲ

ھǰһֱüã˿ûй¶ֺģͱСꡣ
ʲôʲôҲѹ˼Ӹһš
ʮкĶҲûǳɳڼΪӵĻС

ʯˮ壬һɽˮĵط, ˶ӵԸ񣬶ӵĻëҲ͵
ɱ°֮£еһӶûм
һӣ۲ظе棬ǲҵϲ£˼ңû̽˼ȻܹǿҵضԱȡ
ͻأ۲Ծطϡ



壬ûʲôҿܵûؼһˡ
ǰϣۻػصΣû£Ƕû̫ĶԷһʱҲỳǣȻȥҲûйϵУʵԴһûϵô˵Ǵ˵飬һûûá
⻰˵ǲ죬λԨѧʶҲȷʵ˵ĸо
벻֪ʱ򣬻治Ҫ˵̫

ºڷ֮ҹͷϸ꣬ҲĹϵž浱ղŻȥҲҿ䶸˲䣬δ뿪˼ҡ
Ϊ˭ҲϲϣͷĻȻֻǼó

µʱ˲ţһ֪ԣkӵ˲䣬͸еһɱĴشʹ
ԣķͷι
ԣkǱ˿סƵģΪɵ۵ؿˣֻĪĵĿӣ˼һɨһĺòˡ

׼ûеΪԣkѯȴһĶ
ݺݵͲ˵Ĳλãʵ˵˭ڷ¶ģ
ԣk¡¶

ţԣk𺳻δڲסӵļһҧеĶҩʱɴһֵ˻ȥ
ȻӵԣkԵ£Ӱҿ鲼סͣͷĶСҵȥȥһơ

ΪһӣǾĵӣǱѧģҲͻһЩǳա
ѸײڶķӦ̫⧲ͬ𾪣ôмĴ㵵Ҳάּ룬Ǵں
û˼ҵĺΪȴںͷһͷڹɣ

ϸղŵĻͬҲԸѵģ˾Ҳóȥ̽һ̽
ϣλͷβûпУ״ԣkһڵ

ϹԣkҪˣһ˸ңô£
һӣ׵ãԣkûм˾Ķǵĳ棬˵ͷ̲סңġ

ԣk˵Ҫȥӣ


ΪһһСĲףѺʱԼҵĴûɶ飬˼ҵĺȴ¡
ӵ°æʰƺûлȥμӼ档

üο־Ŀ⣬ڳȷʵʤ𣿡


ԣkСӣٸһ㣬ӣҵ˲һ˴սٻغϣֻûһţšˡ
һӢҪԼϡ
׵Ŀ࿴ɲΪ¡
ԣkڴϾ϶ԴǼһһúõĥһĥԷ
ܶȲϣʵ̫ˡ

һЩ֪ϵĴǼֵܣ˼治һ̵ģΣӦһܶȲֵܡ
ӱֱɫֻԴʣ˵ҩСӳˣ
һѾı飺ţΪԷѶҩӵԣk
ԣkһջ˹ȥ֪ǶҩĹϵ̫ĵĹϵ
ǾСңŷһ

аɣ¹ҩ˭ԣû¾ˣȻĻᳯҷġӵģôôӳ£ϱšƤӡ
ӱı£ӵĲɣֻ´Ҳһȵʱҿû׽̣˼ҵĶӳ£ƨ¡
ңҩ˸ˣô˵ǿˡ
һ뵽ӸղѰζı飬Ҳûһ¡

׵ĻԻ϶ˡ
֪ܵߣմҵĹ⡣
Ӹң˵մĹ⣿˵أ
ѺػصǣҲջܴ𣿡
ѧһˬһˣû취͹ѧϰҲһбµġ

ǿɲһӵģŪӣ͢ϵϵֲϵĿǰɲ˼ҵͣ࣬Ϊһѵĺʦ
ȴǳϵһСҿԺȷһЩϵỻһ⣿
ոµŴӣСӵĸηΡôڣţ϶Ĺϵ

Ҳ̽ԼӶߵ񣬶ĸйŹֵʵ͹ûмλôܹ˽ôã
һĶõѣʵڲ˼˫˽ģڶԸܡԼҶĵģôΣյ飬˳ȻҲ̲סѯϸ

ʼٸߣתƻ⣺˵£ͱϹôࡣŹĶӣֱӶһء
ΪʲôҾõˣ

Сӵ
Ūֻ£ĵתעҿѾ¶һ»һؼҡ
ȴͬȻ¶ˣȥǸΣ𣿡ﻹ档
û£Ҿ¶һǲͷβļһĿǰǰµġûô϶Ƕҵһţ۳͢ԱݣҪֱıĲκζ
ңģɲóԼ֮ˡ

ѱ𱻶ϲΪȻ˵ҲԣԵһҵúһ³̡



ǣɫˣͬһӣͬλʼ¡
ɫ˵ǺԸܲ⵽ķ򣬵һȷû¶ߣҲ¿Ǿһ¶Ķ
ۿ֪µ˭ԵСӿɲܳ£Ȼɾˡȱ˵ĹϵһͷĻˮܾͻ͵ǰ·

ǣѵü΢΢һֱָĵʵķɽ𣿡
ҲÿףǼ浱գҲ»ʸոϴλӡپôͬʱͬͷ۲ѣҿ»һ

˫Ŀ΢΢һ
ΪһƾٳȻͳӦάġ
»ǵӳλȻάͳû»飬Ҳжû

ȴһЩֻĸüۣй¶⣬˵УȻͳˣĿɽ¹벻ȣֻҪ˳ɣֱ֪أԼߣҲ޷ָκɡΪϻʵ۵񣬲һЩ˲վӣϻʵĻȫһĲվʱǲҪ̽Ƶԭ˽εӣǹ˽ź֤ͨݣǲ㹻ǲֱж

ۣ





112.  ů   

Ƥ, ˿Կ΢΢һ⣺֤ݣȵͷһӦ, û뵽ȴԼȳ©, ҿп»һ˵¡ۡ͢У»һΪܹϴλ, Լ֪, ϻƳӡȻ˵ĺô֮Ĳ, ĿǰĴ, ˭Ϊ̫еȨ󣬵һϸ, Ի󡣡
һ, Ҫ˵ġ

ǵٵҿϻԼĻû, ĳӣ϶ûз½䱸Ȼ¾ȨƽӣȨ˭֪һ͢ĴȻϻʵ۵ϣҾͲһ£ӵɽܹһԹۡ

Ϊ´Ƭɽ, ϻʵ۵Ļֶ˻ɣҲǴ볯ȻĹϵѳ⣬Ϊ˶ѼۡԷƾʱ¡ʱ򻹻Ѫ۲쵱عԱԱ˽⵱ʱƱ仯
ò˵ⲻó

ϻʵۿһʢպգ
ȻҲȱ㣬µĶӿɶһ㣬Ҳѹֻһλ˵ĴǼԵʡ
Ȼ͢Ĵ£ҲҪֶܣλĿʵ򵥣ǰ߰ȸŪƽ붫



壬ʲôؼ׵Ѿ£һЩɲóˣҲʰһشӡ
ָս˶ԣkϢ

ȥ£Ψһ޷˼Ҳֻίһҵ˰æչˡ
ԣkûʣ¶˿ȴ£鷳͸ɾس󾱸һֵȻһӵ¡
ۣ


Եص㣬ϺҲͶһԸӸʰ·磻ԵˣСĴֶӣһֱΪֱƽĺúӣ´ֱˬĶȻҲ֪ϵĴ
´ֶǰһһĴȻСĸĽֶΡ
ֶӣһƾǹҼ

֮ǰȥسȥʡǣһּı£ҲȲԴ񣬺ܶС¶˸
ˣȲֶܸɡ
ֶλһһңĿ˼ݣٷǰС·۽ȻƵ÷

öûеȵӦΪ벻˵ܣȪȴһ˵˵Ľۣүүĸ˵ʣͲӦûСطһĴ֮£ǰ;һǿׯ
壬ҵʲô᣿Լɶܲ

ҿԼһܹǣס׵Ȼ׵ȱӣ˵ΣǲҳɸĻˮй
⣬Ǹ׵Խ̹νıƣԼӵֵڻСʱ򣬾ѾˡӦ˵ֵܣСɽŷСӣҲ֪λѧģûֵ롣
̵õƫУ̵õװ׵ǷС
ҿﻹȻĽ̷ȫǽ̳һħҲÿֵܶʮ㡣

Уסֻ΢΢һ˲
ӵģΪүүһ£壬ɱүҵɵ飬ûǿǵ

쿪׵ȥ
үү߯һ㣬ÿζΪ׵ڹ
ϧӵȻ϶ǻ˼ӶӵϣȫתƵϡ
ˣడ



ңĲԷƱ˼ɲܹմ䣬ֻģڰڵҵǳ˵һѹϣ˵Ǽӿ϶Ȳ㡣ɵ
ţѵûһδ
ҲȷʵͣõĻֶΣ֤ǲáջµسɳҲ⣬ٳͷֲȱ˾ֻɿɳ

ģǿޱߣģȴֻԼˣˣͦСġ
Ϊ׵ûһ׵ģʱСĴڣΪһܹѧϰİ

һҲǲЧڳĬãСݷͨʲô΢΢һ̾Ȼˣ֪ˡ
󲻽⣬̫С⡣ȻûмݵţԶֽɡѾȫע


ɩ
ǿǻˡ½ͦϲˮģ̬ر⣬˷ֵĲЬףʵһƬĸ

ɲ֪ڿڸеůͬʱӻһЩô꣬ͱˡ
½㻹˵ң㿴һܵģ»ҵֽɡȼ֮˲ٽˮһ¿ɵö༸롣
ףȻЩŭǽסЩ

һ⣬ѸٵѹƽǣΪʵˣأ
е¡
ĸ磬ȷʵ¡

һֶ½˼һתԼӺС壬Ǿᡭ£½ﶼöӣһһС֪Լҵˣ϶ȥʲôӵ顣
½ﲻɫ˵λɵĻȻ£ǵҲУǻǸϽȽӰɡ
½ıǲΪˣȻĶλ͵Ա

һȽϡٿԣkСӣͷˡͷܲ꣬Ҷǣһ¶üˡ
ֻϧ
ˣҺʹǲǻˣ½ﲻôӵĺ뷨ʱȲ㲻˿ԣСӣǳĵĻǻǸϿ˴ӡ

ȥˡ
ǣֻεذ˴ϴԣkǱҵģˣһƾ⡣
٣˼Ҿü

ôһ£ǾСͷһ˵ĺӣԼҶȴټҲʵУأ
ڻһˬ·ǻָ˴򶨣ҡҡͷˣЩ鲻֪֪ĺá
ܵܵģǾĸƵ飬֪á

벻֪ҴŵĻŸġ
ڶ˽ˮ½֪˼֪Ĵ𰸣һضһ䣺ϸڵ飬ǿԲʣһ䣬Σ𣿡
⻰Ҫʸģ½ѹˡһùߵļһͷŶԡ

ȻԥģûΣա
˻һ˲ɢȥ١

ȻûΣգҲûʲôʵġһʱ½ҲٶȲ廰ЦˮŸոȺãǿɵöȼУ͵ȥһȥ
ϣ½ͰѶ˳Ľˮװ˺üˡ
ò˵һů˵ĽˮһͷЩдĽݷʧ١

ʱ˿һůĽˮȴ÷Ѿ˼һѵ·
ߣɽߣ




113.     ⣺һһ

ĺô
ϵ㼣, ˵ζôٿҵ
ԪĵұۣϳһƬ߿֮ɫ, ѵϷϵسһӾ, ⹷ֵģûĸʹӣԼҵĵλƨ

һ, ǻõıӡԪĻ, ϲϤףİʹֻвɶҡļɫ
Ӳţ
, ÿӵ, ˭Ҳֲǲ˽Ƶڣʲıˡ

ʤΪ, Ϊ, ѧô࣬˼Ҷõ, Ԫûһ侲ԼԳһЦ߲亦һεĽѵҼסˡ
⹫ΪȻ˷ǲľ顣ÿʱỵ̈һ٣ֶԡ

ԪһĻ, ɳɫƲ㲻ɿ͸
һУ˾ߣɽߣ
Ԫ俲˵ȥġ

ȻұУǿΨһ֪ԭȵĴ㣬ҲԾӣɽǿɾƫĿġ
һЩˣֹطĳ͢ٻϡѾһЩʱ򣬶Ѻ׷ʿԪƳǳصܣ˭Ȩ濴֣˺׷ǱһЩɲ֮ǰں֮ڣ֪Լʲô

е˶һȥԪչֳǰδе¶ܵ˾Ǳһ˫۾ȴ˾ϣٵѾ߲ãΨиﴦɽ·ǲпܶһ



ˮУʮĺӣ뾡ӳ·
ҵˣȴǱʮĺǰΧһѵķ϶Ҳ
µûһͣЪ
ķͱᣬһһ©ƫҹ꣬ûлؼҵĶͽһؼҾһ¶׹Ĵçӡ
Եģ˼ҾѰ¡

һŵĴ׳񺺡
һı⣬ҵĴСﶼĸᵽɤӣ
ѾȻ֮һȻĵˣȻһЩѾּңȴ᲻ͳļ岮
»ڵóӶˣҲֻһͬذ

ĳͷĸѾһҲһɲԤУ˴˵һǶĳĹͣλĵûӣǵĵֶһٶҵӶǴģнлٽ費ѣ̫̫˵԰ɣǰǰǵĶĳٽһӡǿϴεˬ죬ҲٽôӡԣյǷծζֻӶԵµҲý̫̫ҼǵϴΊҲգذæծһ؊ӦҲ˵ʶȤŶԡ

һҵһˣ˫ĿسĸŭĿӡѾ޵ˣ֮һ
˵˵ȥմĵ˸࣬Ϊ
ֻ˵ĸ֮ûд޶ȾǴ

ĸȴѾںһ˵뷨̫̫ĿֻеĿһϣɶҲû૵
ĸΪ˴뱲ӣչҲе˲Ƶ͡
Ĳܺ޷ִ簮Ȼпʳһ졣



ҲһЩˣӳ󣬾ûиܵڴĸع֮£׻ʲôĸо
һ֣֮ԣkȻ߯ң׻˵úôѲк󸣣λҲǷ̩
үģһЩߵؽԳա½ҩֻӪֺóԣҪܵչˣɶĸо

⼸յĺ£ݷһһ
һֱԣkѾһ£ҲΪģݷķѾ֪Բʲôӡ

֮ܶѾΪټûһװͰͣһЩŤؿο˵ˣͲҪеûģҪӦǺúˡ
ԣkŵĴүǱͱһ̫ʹ̲ס죬ı飬˰ء

ȻԣkܺͬʱȴüվôÊȻԣkСرغã
½һҲӵУ鷴ͷĻͬΪĵǳЦʣ㲻k⺢ӣѾͦ𣿡
⣺
Ȼһӣûһ뵽

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⣺һһҪּˡ
Ϊ˽ܣȻҲΪ˽磬۴ⳤûͬҲΪΡ
Ϊý飬֮һΡ

ܲƽ飬ΪͦõģΪһ
Ϊͬѣû뵽ԣkһôĵ졣

磬İ̲ʱյݣȫǼһңɶһˮ¥̨ȵµļһߣ²ǻ
뵽ܵرչ˵ԣkıһζЦݣȻŲ¶ɫػصҲð齻粻ȻҺԣkĹϵҵ̫С̸Եòׯء

ӵĻ½ҲͺػصУģٵ̸һ̸¡
һΣѵûΪǽ͡
Ϊ϶֮



½Ծһ£δˣҲĳҹһˬ̬վͷ
죬ͷ˾Ϊӭӡ

½Ͻ˽ôѡôֵʱ
һ޹Ǹ𣿡
Ŷûãʲô½ﻹͦ˵ģ´һƣ̬ûмţҲɻӣûɶ£

һɵڣҲһ̣ȷطǿεģҲٶϼ졣չ˵³ֻ̣Ҫ֤֣ҪְǼᶨıʵϺзܹȻһñӿϣ˭ܵˣһ˹ȥҲֻΪһԤڵػҪʣҳ˰æץСӣûʲô¡

½û㵱˺һǰ˰γ̽ӣ±˶öжص£Ϊ̽ôң
ѱϱ˵УȴǷ޺ģ

ĳԣ½Ҳ̲ס¶ЦݣˣԶϴ
Ѻһϲˮ򲻵ϣȻвϴɾĸо

ϱĺ⣬ȻܣҪǽ࣬Ϊôˣ̫ҲãֱӸһ辻ˮˡ
½Цݣðɣﶼ˯أھֻίˡ

Ҳ̫ںȻͿԼ첻˯·ϱԣúõ˯һ١
䣬˫ְϱ§ڻλ˯ðڡ

½ŴһЦҲΪȻط§
˱ĿԵޣҲǲ֪ĸڲֻ࣬˲Σź̬Ц
¾õģ˺޲Զ档




114.  ƽ   ½Գҡ

ҡ
ԴӶķϴһ, ҾһƬǽ壬ӵĶ⡣¹ûзּ, ڶķ׺, סͬһլӣǾͱһЩеûģȫһͬʶԴ
լֻһƬ֡
ĶծǷծ, һؿûϴκˡ

, Ѿһֻŭյ岮һеĹ, Լһĸ
ڴܴ֮, ĸѪԣʯѾһ, ĸ΢з

ͬ, ҵТ˳ĶӺͶϱ, Сͷͻָټû
ĸĶӣһȴ˽ֻӻѡ
ʯˮķҵĶûΪĸơȻҲƹˣҩϸͲܣҴ˿̶⵰
ǣĶӶԹĸء

Ѿͬ, һͷ
ȻûſڱԹԼ˵һͷ£궼˶ã¸ûûˣûһ꼾³ӡ

һڱԹĻȴһﾪˡ
ûû˵ˮѾͫʼһ¡

̫ãѾһǻʹˮģʯˮʮ˴ʧΪصĴӣ
ʮǰĺӵı䣬СϪСӣʯˮԵɽˮ㣬Ϊ꼾ĺˮǣĵĺûֵء
ϱӣѾǼ޳ӵˣһͷ飬󣬲Ȼһ굽ͷû䣬ռ޳ӵǰ꣬ѹûл

ʯˮģѾֻжţȴû֮ԣڶɲ뵽£ڼҷҵϸС£
ѾУݷȻȼػ⡣



ʮָָŨڵĺƲסͷ¹⡣
˯ҹһԷھ˵ĵسš
û˿ҹȴһһ谭ûС

֮£˿һҲģ֪£ӦҲû˼õİж
ѵѪһЦǼʲôȤһĻ

½һƵʵЦôŹ֣ǼʲôȤ飿
ѵɫβ˵ĶȤζֶŮΪ벻뿪һ£ں
½ԣ㻹С

½֪ҵ£Ϊ÷⣬ͻһϲá
浱գλҲĵң½ﶼŪɩӣϢ
˵øɩӣ׼һΪ

һźƲƲ죺û취˭һ춼ô֣ϧķµһ죬ǡҲڴңҲǰ׿ģ˵ǵıֶŮΪʲôҪż뿪ӣ
½ԳҵʱǶԵġ

Ѿԣ֪½ۼ¸û꣬͵ʯˮĺӵϸһˮӣƺ顣
껹϶õʱ䣬½ɲȷҲûгõܹƣ˳źӵԴͷҳһĵط
ѵӲ½ٲŲҪˮûʲô̵ĵطʡòСľͻˡ
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ӺӵλãԾ˵ٶȲŶСһ·ϣѶûӲ⣬ɽһмˮڣͣ˽Ų
ѷŴıƵøԶȴûϵɽͷλãƵ

ɷһ£½ȻеֵذһƳﲻ𣿡
ǣֻǿһͦѵıͦѰζģΪλѾӹ۵ĿУ֪ԭԤҪ˭һЩ˼˵Ӧˡ

һ;©ļһǧȻɽԶϣ
ʲôĵԵݣ

½ƶǶû£һߴ꣬ͿԹȥһѡ
˵˿϶ʲôɽû֮һû˭ɽĸɽѵľľԣ߶ЫҰޣǼöأԲΪɽҲѡһĵط
еè壬ѹͲö롣

ѣʵûк֡
½һЦ˻ԣ֮£һҲްô˵Ҳð˴ɽ֡

ȴ˳ǣСӣѾΣ֮Իر
ԣ½˫΢΢һǻǼȶԵݡ
ѵˣҾûСˡ

ȣû£һСЦѡ½ۺЦغˣղ˵ˣǷǼȶԵݡ
ˣϱǼȰ˶Σζţɼڤڤ֮аţҾ㻹ǳٰ˾¡
֮У½Լʱ⣬Ե

һôԸȻڣǾͱСˡ
ԸΪϱκ飬ϧ½治ʲôŮӣԸҲǶǿñȴʱ˿̣½һ֣ӿĺͱɱһƬˮƱصıҲ˳ϣǰ
Ϊ˵֮һ½ˮ¯࣬ıṹһ²׾١
ȻҲͳŸ죬¸ûܻ꣬һˡ

Ʊصôӣάһƽ



߶ĶԪѾŢǱжر£һ˻Σķɽ
ֵˣҪɽԣϤĵشⴳ롣

Ԫ俱ƲѣǼˡ
ɽ¶ȱ͸ǣҰ޶Ҳͨͨԭѡ
һþûã䵽ǵĵ£ǿ׳Ĵ󺺶һЩܲס֮УкöϷŵա
УΪӵԪ俣һˡ

һ֣Ⱥ飬ô׷᣿
˵ļһʵҲûڴõһ𰸣ֵܴѾĹң񶼵˿Ҫʧ
һЩƾ֧ţû̱ڵء
벻֪شĻΪ֮˲ŲòصĶ˼ˣء

߽Է֮У»ؼҴģϱҪⲻҪ
ñڣʪʪģҪжж
ĵģҹģΪʲôˣ

һԪһߵһȫ䱸
벻֪֮У߳Ӱеֱ۾Ϊ֮һ

֮Уб˵̽ӣȻܹ׷ᡣװûһ㣬Ϸʣλа̵ļһ˵԰ɣ




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ſҪϨĻ, ͻأسߣݵˣһĪİĸоȻ

, ָͲô, ԷһҪȨĪֵļһſھǛ@
ϣǳ̵ˣûм, Ϊƾദ, ֻվһԡ

֪Ԫ俻δڣεĸ֮һ, ԻȻ԰ŭĿӣΪʲôΪʲô, ֣һԲ㣬Բ˶, һһ͵ǵٻ, ֻǱӦиĹ»

ԻȻطѣкƻһ
ѿֽӲһЦ, ɱһĺ֮ԣһûмļһ˭һ

Ԫ俵кʧ֮ɫϻҲ˵ƽλǼжᡣ
ĻҪǲò״ĵ˸˼
λӵ֮, ˵
˲ɣ˲á

Ԫ俼ٻɵµˣβУ̫ʹһЩΪ׳ҳϵˣδǵʱ򣬿ɶŭЦ
һЩɥʧΪ֮гһͽô޷ģ
Ԫ俵ǻǰȼĻ档
ѹֵطŭӵ˼ȴѣ΢΢ĵգûӡ
ӽסȭͷ

ʵϣԪ俰λĸУ˾ϡ
Ϊûεس֣ǵûˣվĻᶼûУһЩеûġ
֮䣬˫Ŀ֤ݣȻͽ¶˵ǰ

һҲ⣬һڣͽδãһЩмᱳѵˣͲνӲͷӶԷ˳ѶϢɫ䡣

Իŭĵָһȭͷ飬ǲ˭ֵӣһ·ģļһ
ϣзԼûһ·òƱЩ߿û£һ˵ϵô˸ᣬһ˻Ȫ·Ҳ̫

һ˵Իŭɶ׹⡣
ΨУһұ۵ԼĳĬԣдǵʵӣһ˵ģµͷ׷ǵĺüǺã

ͷβһֱԹۣԹϿϷһ㡣
ڣϷͬʱſڲ廰ģ׷ġ
Ū׷һ˸

Ԫ俵۾һ
Ԫ俲Сһ䣺ǲЩʲô
أƺҹǺ죬ӵ⡣

ɽҰ޾ۼΪ棬Ҳ׼ȻʱԶǺڴһһΪ֮һ
Ԫ俶ȺУŪԼľǲ̫̫̫࣬࣡
ﶼɽ棬ôΪٵȺ

𣿡ͷƤ飬ԼĿУԯ޵ķӦضһЦһЩ׷ǶԹ˲Ͼǲ֣ǿ治˼Ұ㻭ɵĨˡӦʲôԱ֮ʩɣЩ׷ŪײѣȻǽв˲ⱡ˵Է᲻ỳﷴˣϾһжʲôŵȻ˼һһأ

һأѿ˸ܵȱ¡
仰ѣñѵļһѪ˫һڡ
λһӣаͶһ˵ŲΣŪöԷֻҡ
˭ɶλͽ

ʵϣɽصȺԭҲûôӴѺ½ﵽʱݵķ̫ײУԭʯˮ帽ȺòǨλá½ĸȺһ£Ҳдֻ̫̫˴ѱӣܶû˿ó˵Ұް˸ҡ
벻֪ҰΪɴš
ѵĺ˸Ų

ۼѾģ֮࣬ò˵ͦġԪ俻ҪһҾȻȾ˷纮ӹǣȴȻҡҡ׹
Ե£ʱۼطסӡ

ӼԵȻкûһҶ꣬ڸɴӣһߡҪȻȵ汻ճͿǿɾҪĪ˵ˣ״ˣҲֻһɣ

Ի˵ǻѪȴܹĵڶ֡
ûԥǴһ㣬΢΢һһϤ㡣



ңӻҪ˵ʱѾߡ顣

һſˣԣk콵һ㣺˾ˣ
һ˼Ҿ˾עӹǰͰϵĲһӵԣkۼãү۽ǳֳ飬ƫƫλܸ״
ѽΪʲôǰһô

ֵ̻ô߳½̧ͷһƳϵա
Ƭ̣ǳЦط̾k⺢ӣǺá
æǿƲס΢΢һ飬ͦԲԵػصǰҲĸ鲻

ӵķӦһĨԡ
׻˵úãƲ˵ƣӹòܸеȤ

۲Ŀ࣬˾˵ˣΪ̫û˾ˡһҲãԣk˻ûǰѹû뵽˾ˡΪʱʱܹˣλʵֲͦ˼ġ
һԾֻ˵ûĬ֡

ԣk׵ðʾȻǰ׵ġ
ǣںѼ䣬ǵҪһ·ˣͬɹذײлߣҲ֮ϲ
ԣkɫϲ̫ԣֻ˵үû̫档ǰ׳һζνܵ˺ܲ

Ƶ÷ˣ̲סΪԣkһĬ롣
˭СӲӲѱ߲ݵĵ



壬ˣ¹ؼİΣһϸϴʵУôȥԹӣ
ģǲк֮ǡ˴ɣް鷳ҵô࣬ѣ㹻ģӣȻֻһЩС²ݣǵһµµˡ
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һңûŹֵľ󡣡
ԻһﻹգصôҲź׷ʲţ
ϵı飬˸ղŵԣkƼһش󺰣磡
Сû뵽бµʱ

±Ƶӣ֪ܵܲǱ۸˼ע⵽ɵ㣺ûѳʲô
ھլӵĳӺ󣬾ͱѺ½ﻻ˴ǽλãȨ˵װƷ
һֱ˹עĳȴעĿ

ɫһЩֻ֪ѳ״
һԣѹүүȥġ
ӣԻһЩ壡壡

ô£ͬĪУѳʲôֵģ
ֻѳֵĲݵݵ˶Էǰ˻ף˴һֵ˼
۵ͫʽֻбʼȻ꣡

һž޵ĪԪ俵׾˾꣬۱вĽ顣
ڹ۵һֳĴȺ
Ȼپž޵ȨµıѣȻ䲻̫õ³

˲ǧꡣ
ֻţƤҵĵλãȻһϤּ꣡

Ԫ俵ĸԭԪһĵˣǻЧңɲǱѣϹи
ԻȥĹ¶ǶʱյˣһΪˣ
ֻϧһ߽ӣ̥ǵĶˣҲˡڰĹǻҴȥϹҲҲûһϢ

Իֻʱ̫СõĹˣȴûϵСطٴ˵Ϣ
Ƿ

벻֪ͬʱĳˣȽϹ㣬˴ֻͬߣϵͼҲС
֮ԣһֱûѶϵһʵǹȥ̫ãֲ̫
һ»ʵĸ壬ϹǶսĻ䣬պյһأɽҰ֮صƽգ֮ͬô࣬ûͷȥҲ֡

Σ΢΢һ̾øһƣɺã



֪⹫һʱӶԵüΪ㵡
ĸԪɣûϵ˽ѰҵˣԼϹèӣ

֪Ϣʱ򣬱˵λһԾ½ﶼеΪ治ѣ⡢Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ѰһģһˬѾСΣ˵ţծСӸղŵģòΪţɣ
½һ֣ô룬λӻǿ˳ɽĸо

ϱЦӣѾòУҪһǣ
½ȴĵצร㻹ȥ峤С
һȻҾòֻý峤һðСӸйţûţҲһ̯ӣΣҲŲ֡

½ﻹվߵģУ־Ͳ֡
˳ֶΪԣڲȨûҪˣֲͼһЩ飬γֶֻΪ˲ƻƽӡ

Ѳõתã֪ϱԼ
˵һãĹȴûм١
ԵСС
һ㣬񲻳ù
УɲУ



δõ粻֮࣬ڻó
ͨƪ˹Ԫվǵ֡
οһ㣬Ӯ󲿷ֵˣ䶼֮ҲǼΪͨ͸
ѵֻʱ䣬ΪӣλСܲϱͬһˡ
ϱΪһƣʱı仯һһģΪˡ
ͨ͸һǿƣ˵СܣżΪǿҵļġ

ѵƼǼô˫һӴԪ俵кø
ԭڣλһϤĸо
ǰûж룬Ȼ֪˫ĹϵԪһˣݷһּ׾˾ĸоʱ»С֦ҫ紺ĸоȴдӡ

̸ģ¶ǳı顣
½վλãеЦʵ鷳ӳȥˣ
ֱ׳ػصɲ𣿡
Ѿ֪þСӣӶⱾ˵ȻһҪļһ
ѲŲԸΪСӾҪ

ǣĳ˵УԪ俷ӵˡ
һеˣֻ巿򸾣мϵϡ
Ͼǲǵ֧ǵ֧˵Żȡ֧˵ش
Ǵ뱲ӵ飬Ҳһʱ

ٱάѴ˿ۣһ壬ھǻһˣ˵ˣϵ˶ͷﲻѡ
Ϊ̺һЩ
ȻԶʧԵʣҶϣֻķһ֪֮¡

Ӷ׽̣ǲһֻźô
Զ֮ʱʵ̲סüʵվ𣿡
ֻںһӣҲͷգӰ쵽Ǽ𣿡
ģӰ쵽ǼҵģͦС塣һԲѵСôãǺôһЩİɣ

˭ţ䭶һСƽѧżøüɵı顣
½ﱻӶЦҲ˵˵Ĺƪ˵Сģ˵ǶԼġ
ٴѣںţնǣ޶˵Сҡ

Сչûй˼
ꡣ
ϻʵ۰Ѷӵһչʳһ˵Ĵ˵ϻʵΪ谮Ķӡ
ȼ̫ĳӣѵóһ̫ģϻʵҲҲݶأҰġ
ϻʵʽݱƺռ˴ԭ

СܼĻżһ飬Ҳ;Ͱߡ˳ɳ
֮¾ȨʽӣҲΪʼնվ»һڳ͢ϴֻɣǳ˾ѵõ¹
һ壬ʽˣ

ֻǣƳ͢ݸһ䣬ͬʱҲϼҼĳһżͷֻһǾǡӿϾˣ
ϻʵۼݱȻҪТ
Ȼ˴ĹԱ٣͢貹Ѫظһأ»ʾҪһýӿơ
Ļ»ʿɲ÷ſֽţס͢

ѵɨݣͰӸ˴ӣĻˣС˼ƿϵĽʿпõ»ʵáҪǰϾҪҪʱ̵㣬뷨أ

ǰһ꣬Ѿоˡ
⼸꣬һĺǽӶ˶һЩľ϶⣬ȻϼܿԣһеŹӡ
һӵĶˣǲ١

ΪҪʿǺü飬ȴû뵽ϲϱ仯
˼ΣϣҪϾ

ɵĴӣϵѾ٣Ӣٵ졣
뷨Ҳܼ򵥣ķĳӣҵĳû취СһΪһƬաǣȴţΪķãԼλýһƬա

Ӳηǰ·ĸ飬ӳɣȻƲסǷһ䣺ȻѾ¾ôºҪڶûлᣬȷޱ𣿡
ѾǺӣԼסسǶʱ㿴ҿ𣿡
ͣ׵⸱ԣûܹܵˡ

϶᲻ҡ᲻׵ӻ᲻
ӵˣȴСӣҾˡ
ƲƲ죬׵ռʮһգÿζͬϻ

ʵϣӵľ½ﻹͦ᲻ãǶɲسǶ飬һ굽ͷļ˶档
Ӷһγ
Ȼӥչչ᰿ʱĿɲ˺ӵĺȡ
½վû¶κγݣͷβŴЦ̣ôӺ޺֮ǵسȥ

ҹΨѣϱ̾
ĬĬǣϱ֣˵˼СӶɿڊߵˣԶֻҡ

½ܵƴݹһֵļį˲ָ˻ػס˵Ĵֻ֣֪ǵģǻ᲻úӣ㲻Ҳ᲻𣿡
ѣУҲû᲻óСӡ
½һ£ﰵЦ

½Ҳƿסƣӵر׵һΣӦִ֮˰ɣ
ҹУѸô𰸣ȴǺطתӣ½ԿĴ𰸡
һƬبŲ㺡





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