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Ȼķϸ嶯ˣŮΪŮıԼı˵ĳɳ£ŮޣڽǰһŮĸʮֶˣʵĻŮǰĲͬһƫִԸͽŮǿţپȥȻڰ˵ͬʱҪԼ


1 
ȣȿȡ
λڴκ谲ǣʹǿļڣҲûů⡣
Ѿˣ͸ŰɴããһƬҲû̫ƲǸʲôʱҲǸʲôֻܸо䡣
ŴգҲ̿𣬵òУһ˿˿֪޿ײ룬רķֽ꣬űͬʱҲֱ
楾ġ
Ӥһڱ·岻ôɻûã˫ֻżֻűţƺһᣬ̾˿ۡ
ͷϵȥ괺µġ

ŴʿһᣬŴӱְѷߵĶùϣҲûţڴϣͷۣҲᱳʹܵĻǺҹֿһҹðŻۣ̿յ̫ۣܸɣùһԵıӣѾûˮˣ´ͷһѣֻεؿ˻ȥ
ڴϵʱ򣬿İ׹⣬Ҳ֪ģͻȻʧЦһ
ӹǻԽԽˡ
ҩŽѾЩԲСʱųһЦݣˣ
ϲȵһҲ˼ִ⡣
˳̧ͷ
úǺÿ쵰Ҷü۾ں͸촽մȾ˲ҲƳĴκܺÿ
һůˮʹմµϴҲɳΪһЩʱеȻ浾һ㡣
ǣ硣
Щơ
ʮ꣬谲ǵһ񵽵ģʱʮ꣬ݹ꣬Ķֻһƾɵĵ£¶Ľ׺ֱȫǱӳ˺ۡ
楼ҩѻӲߡ
Сһ·Ҳûʲôʾ뵽֮ȻǰͰ͵СƵĶͷ˸Ҳߣֱȥ̧ںڵ۾
˵ܸɻҺòãҲ鷳ģѾҵǮҵˣѾһˡ
ȱʲôɻˣοһСܸɶٻǰ
Ϊġ
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ҪҸ˭ãֻҪһˡ
岻֪ʲôֻƼںڵķ˿һŻûأæţСҩ߹ȥһ·ûһΣЦ̧ͷĿɨ԰׵ּСС͸Ƶ߶ţҹ˯ôҪҪ
˵ֻЦüëô˵
Ц˵ˣֲ
Ȼ˵꣬СͱͣͲܺúóҩ˵ˡŴЦ浾ŮӣͷĻ˵ȥˣͷҲûôˣͻȻߵƵģરµһεҩｦˮŻعæֹסᣬҩŵһԣ̧ҩòã
楿Σ̾˿
̧֣
С鳲ȸһ˽Ļ
ţַͷͷû˵Բҩ£Ǻ˽򸾶ʵˣߺǻչ㡣
ױ̨ǱߵСľﻹвƱױġ
˵ЩҲŮŶ䣬ŴĻͨ۾ʱˮͷ楣͸ĨƵģԽԽ࣬Ҳ˵˵
楶һ˰
ֻĿº͵ȴûԸ˵Щ
ûʲô˺£Բ£Ų֪ʲôոһţһֽѡɢҲãȥҲգܱյҪá
Ҳľ飬һᣬϾûµ𣿡
˵üĿº͵Цţǲɾջûס˵һ䣬ġ
ЦЦ
Ǻġ
ʱҲ룬ΪʲôҪѡ·
һʼ֪ԼûΪǵһǲǾͲˣ治ж۰ĸҲͲЩҲеʧڡƵ÷ħƵԼʶԼ
أͻȻ뵽ʲôʰϣץס極ĸ첲ż˵ͻ˲Ǻ֮ܺǰҺúչ
ǲУᡰһ
ŰϣüĿЦˣָ̧ͷϸޱȣҺҺİ׹⣬ʱҪһЩ
ڴϣãã׹⣬֪ʲô
ͻбܵˡ
ᷢΪޣɡɻգϲ˵Ļڶƣ˭ҲûҲûʲôùֵģһԭԴһıݺڳɻɵòףҲûʲô顣
˭˵
οҪ֣ϣͻиռһ룬й
Щʱ˵ϲλ׸ҵС㣬Ծͺ˺룬ֻǿһ䡰𣿡ͷĬñӦˡá
谲ǵ⼸ꡪ
˵طȻ˫˽һЩ˴ˣһ˽⻹̫ˣǰ˵֮Ѿ»ʵǻزöãѾλ˳ˣԺиλ׸СһŮˡ
ܿͻ⳾䡣
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糯սһ¹ۣˣһ˴̫
ƼӰ׷ױõһԣС
йࡱģɫ԰ףͷҶԵġһǻʱ򣬻޹ʱᣬһ³޻ƫӺׯ۳Ϊ¹˱Ϸ˽ȴʲѣǵʱв˶侮ʯĪеˮá
Ǹʱ˭Ҳû뵽ⱻ谲ǵﳼȻܻԲʮ͵ڸ׸λá
λ˳Щĸսսҹ£
Ҫˡ
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ߵſҪʱ򣬻п֮Ӱפ㺰ˣˡ
ˡ֮׻
ȻͬΪ»ʵұۣоԨԴȴ
פҲǴкȼҲûʲôý̸ˣ˵˵ͷ㲻ٶԣҪִ֮˵˳١
Ųһ٣׿ˣɫĬĿȴһֱҲûͷӦǡ
֮ʣҪȥ谲ǣ
ǡס
֮㿴Ĭòٶȿڣǰȴ࣬˵Ϊٽ㣿ǶƢԣ˵£˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
УȻҲС
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ᵹǰǰԼ࣬˵֪ƢԣҲ֪֮Ķ࣬Ժӻܳһջҵ⡣
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-֮㣬Ҳ𣿡
-楡
-֮㣬ˣûôҲмô
񻹼ǵǸŮվǰͷۿͨҲӲŲģ
Щֹ꣬һ룬޷˵վߣʱסֺ˵㡱ô֮ǲǾͲ䵽أ
Ӱ
ٹԱյļ䣬֮ɢĿ¾£֣ûץס֣ҲûȥؿʲôڷͣܵþȻϢѡ

뿪ķ򣬻С

еҵʱѾЩˣǴǰլӡ
µ۵ǻҪ´լûҪסڵͰסլլҲСֻЩԶϺЩ겻˾סȱЩ
˹£Ͱ極Ժϲ
룬楴ǲϻġ
Ҳû¡
֮ʣȷһ̵ļڡ
楿Ȼãϣ谲ǣҹ´Ϳźúõ׸Ҫܵ谲ȥ
ȴֻЦЦ
ⱲѲأףΨһһˣ̫ƽҲвܳڻڶıʲô
ᲽݣͷȴͻȻײײܽһˣʱȥ極ˡ
ˣ
аɫأ첻ˡ
еɴڵأһصĻ˾ϼɫ԰ףüŹԼǰˣɳƣ粻ǰǸȵģ˵ʲô

Ѯٵ
ͷһ£ŵīɫ类紵죬ɫѿķ·һ̾ͻˤ䣬߳аȰˣѾ߲ݺüˣȥܵˣҲܲˡ
ԣŵͷһۿµƥ

ڳаΪҪЪϢʱȴ
һ·
аȴ;ƥġ
аһ㶣ȴѾ֪ӦæٿڵʱѾչ˺⻰˵꣬ޣϻɳǰȥ
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ô죿
аҧҧƥһ˷˺ʹˣ˶޷ֻ̾ǸŴˣ
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պ
ڵִ谲ǡ
Ŷղ߲ݣʹԼ͵ĻҲЩ˼Ʈҧҧ極լϣյǾͿĨͷ
˼һ㶣Ǳãԥˣˣֽһȷôˣ
ȴûͣˣͻȻͷһ޺ӣ
һɫ԰ף̷̧ҪżʱЩʹַסĴŲŲˤ
ˣû°ɣַ̧
аڰ֣û˵ײײߣһ·極ķǰͣ£ַϣȴЩţȵͷִһƿţ©ȥķдᦶֹŴŵŮӱ۾ȴһƽѰЦݡ

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û뵽ȻܿУŻдͷһ˾Ȼɫ˵ؿ
Ҳ֪ãͻȻ뿪谲ǵһգ֮һ׮Ի
һߣǲٻˡգеĴǱһЦڵ»Ʊ뿪⣬»ʵǻд֮ĻˣӴ˸߹ٺ»ﻹຮ֮أ
˿ȴֻ˵һ֣ء
ᣬȴ㶣Ҳûһ£ֻЦаǵһơ
յĻڶԡ
楿ŻеӰʧЦЦ
ŻϥĴǰ볯߹ȥ˵ûʲôĵģ˵ľƣǺȲˣԺȢ˵ʱлǰƣȪ֪ضΪˡ
˵
˵УԺǰѻڶˣûĻ׳棬ǲ˵Ҳᱻĥ
˵ȥֶûͻһ׹⣬ɢˡ

ǰʲô˵Ƶɤ
Ĩһᣬҡҡͷܽģǰͽˣֻ˷ױȥͷһȦܺõһ׺ÿ£Ȼʹڴϱ۾
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ĬӵֲͷƲֵ˵û
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á
ŰɴյĹ⡣
ǰ׹֮У΢۽һξӨ͸ϣ˻Ƶ˵楣ˡ


2 
Ǳһѵġ
ѲԼûֱȻˣоúЦʱ˵뵽һ䡰ǻǧꡱĻˣˡ߿ûϣң̧ԼĶͷЩۣҲԸۣôֱš
ˣˡһŮӵѵ޵Ůӣҹﱾûô˯ãòһᣬͱˡ

һָüĵĶҲһ٣жûƺˣۣһŮӵſӦǰ޵ˣҲͷҲûƼͷ߸˵ģ˵Ѿӽˡ˵ҧгݴһЩͷûأЩʹľ͸ҸɫˣҸոոȥţǸѣɲϷ˲ڼң۸ǹû𣡡
һĬ
ȴҲɲȥˣʣĿŮһײͫ΢ૺ֣񣬰񣿡
죬Ҳһŵģ
ѾȴûĲԣæӭ˹˲ˮ꺮ůһɫȼסɫصǰһ£һ˵̫ˣūѾ˸Ϸȥˣ͵Ϸ˻
һҺɫҲ˵ǰͺúôڸ˭鷳
;ռһģһĳһȵҲЩ㵣ôźݹĲˮյ²ָ⣬ǰĿ¶ǵѾߣһᣬʵˣ
ˣ
ɫ΢䣬̲ס˺һ۲Żصսãϴҵȥӵġ
ɵæūȥƹˣССģŵѾҲǸСµģȵù˵ȴ¸첲֪뵽ǰ˵ġССǹԭļңһʱɫ԰ףҲÿİҲǡ
ҡҡͷԸҲŰɡ
̫һ˺úۣѾȴӦһͳȥˣߺ̧ͷܣȷʱӡ
вյһ̧࣬Լĸ첲
ۡ
ü
ǰһʵ
ѲһͷĻ᣿뵽⣬üĿһеĻԴڽյѡںһ

Ժ˵ʱѾϴ꣬ҲԹˣϺȲ裬ˣɫݵغһʢ֡
ĸס
ƺû뵽ʱȻôݣʢһֹ˵ȥ
򴽣ֺ˿ڲ裬˵߰ɡ
񡢰ҪţԸҲ˿·ȥʮûĵأٿҲһ㣬һ·ϲˣҲЩūĵôģ϶һɹģ
һ㣬С㡱
쵽Ժʱ
һʢֿǰֱͦŮӣûס˵һ䣬ҹ˺ū˵һ仰
ţ
楲
ʢֿ޵ݣ뵽ҹһҹϨƵΣ˰أѺͷĻȫˣ˵ԶǸĴС㣬˭˶䡣
⻰Ƕ졣
ǰҲ˺˵
ʢ˵˵ĸҲ˵ʵҲȷģսһ죬Ͼͱ̬ǻĴңֲ֪Լĸʲôģôһ˵Ȼ
أ
ĸмְҴС£Լȫ棬긮ŮǵȦӣһо֮ŮΪ˳̵ҶС㡣
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צһ޼Ԩ
Ǹʱ޹ԹˣЩԹ޵ǰͱһɶˡЦЦӦһҲû˵Եģǰߡ
ʢܾýմС㿴ղͬ
ɻϸﴫһǷ˱ŻؼҵĶСڿޣﴫĵҶܿˡɫ΢䣬̲ס極ķ򿴹ȥ
˭֪˺ʹСĸܵ
СճʱøϷ֪үͷˣһŰѴСܷŨ˵׮£һϦ䣬ʮ»̥µĴС׮еĳ֤ϱСҲϼϷ˿ȥ԰ѴС㱧ϥš
ֱСүڲԼĲԡ
Ǹʱ򣬴СѾͨˣȻÿջ˸ǰ밲ĸס۷ôֲĸŮֻǻزȥˡ
ողûοС㣬ȴײôһĻҲ֪Сô룿ȰһȰߵȴûһ㣬ǸݵЩĮĵģ
ɡǰҲһ¶εѾ˵
ѾᡰһȷӦƼ楹ѵü۳ǿŻعæӦһͷ
楽ȥʱѾûٿˣ֪ʲôԵʣû棬ǰߣһӲ۽ǵᣬ˽˵ˣɡ
極ͷ
¾ƼһĿ⣬Ҳ֪˭ģ̧˹ȥߵǸŮһذ׵ѣúأȫֻһ֧Σģ㣬üм񣬺ܾûƼˣһʱЩȤԱˡ
ƺû뵽̵ᷢͷֲԾץסϵӣɪż򣬿Щ
ôˣ䲻ץס棬ֳµ楿ȥɫȻΪⷬüһЦģ¶ı飬ȴôҲû뵽ӡ
Ͽı飬Щ
ϲľģԶ㺰ĸҲûһĸŮ֮飬˼ҵŮĸĸǰٰǰвԵĵطЩҲھˣ
ѲɻҪ¸ϴɣ
ϵؿھǱʲôţſ極ĿҲø楶˭ģҲͰˣĸԵģ뵽ÿȥãϷ˵ĻЦźĸÿȥͻؾվͷĸסܼˡ
ٳٲ˵̧ͷƼ飬ĵͻȻһֻš
ǰʹˣ֪ҵĵλܸߣһϿϷֻϸµūͶ־£ʮͿʼܼңЩйһ׮긮СǶΪ𡭡뵽Ǹĸ˵С£ǼҵĴºͺ˵˸
뵽ǰ˵СԣȻ˵Եܵһõģ㣬ܴܿǵȦӡ
ǸʱȻòҲûıʾ
ڡ
ȴú£
Ů˵̫ǿҡ
Ҳûô磬ֻǺܼ򵥵һѣǣ̧Ƶ͸һ־Ůĸоǰ㲻ϣֻͷԼڸУ˭ע⵽
ץӵЩȥ楣ֻغ
ڻع񣬿ŮӣѪһְĲһߺ˵׮Ҫ˵
ǱūѾǲͽΡ
š
極ͷûʾ
ǹⱧūҲϵѾߣƢٲ÷ˣдȥ±̥س̵ʱ꣬ƫĸҲǶ꣬˶ֶҹѾߺôӡҲಡܱجβڲǰ׮¡
һ¡
Ͽ楣ס֣˵棬ԺǸĶС㣬ǱҲЩȥԺǽúչ˱˴ˡ
ǰյΡ
ǴôشأһҺ֣㡱˵楽㣬ԺǾǽˣһúչ˵չĸòã
ˮͫ۾һʧӦ˺á
񡪡
̧ۿ棬֪ʲôԵʣͷƺһ㣬ϵ֣ͻȻͦû˼ģЦЦ˵ˡ
ϲ⣬üҲȥʲô˼
ûʲô˼ָ̧ȹڣɹǡôЦ˹˼ңȻҲûҵļҡ
䣬ͻȻͱɫ͵سŵ֣ӣָ˵楣㵽ôҪؼңĸң֪ʲô֪ʲôƢҰƥ֪ˣһ֪Сʳȥù𣿣
׹·ͻȻˣƢˣ涼ҵĺӣҲ˱ˡ
ֻҪ
ˡ楴Ļ
㶿㵣㺰ʲô
ȴûֻעվüĿƽȴЩҴӲƢǰ˵ĻҵﻰĺеҲУʲôҵ
楿Ϥ
ǰ޹ΪʲôͬΪŮҪΪʲôʮ꣬ȴѣɢްҲ޺ޡ楴ӯӯһºͣлЩĽ˺尲ࡣ
һĬҲ̧ͷ㵵ؿ楡ȴû˼˵ˣֻ뵽ǰǷפŲһ䣬棬ЩΣ
һû뵽ᱻ˵ӭĿſ𣬵뵽ղźϵǷͻȻֿ˿ǡ
ЦЦǲµԹ˵Ӧͦİɡ
׾ûһ˿ۼָ԰أּšüͷ棬㲻ٶԣתȥ


3 
ߺϾʹһͨƢ
ǼеŮСʳ󣬼޵ҺΪϷ˲ţûʲôأ˵޲ԴͨҲûٰһ£ٳźԺܵϡŮһĲСҲˣƢʮִ
Ѿ˳ȥӡѾҲˣֻʢǰš
׶Ҥ״ɲյѳƬʲôϹҲһأֳǣؿڲסĻһƽǸ˵ģһʢָȺһҿծģ
ǰĿͷ
ÿÿߵòοҧгޱȵ˵һ䣬ɽ⻰˵꣬Լȿˣɫһһס
ʢ֪ʲôɤȰС㵽ҲʮͻȻ£ѱ벻ͷūȥȰȰ϶ܸıġ
Ȱʲô
ϻŭδҪؾأҾͲô꣬صĵطϰߣֻǰ極Ҳûôˣƿʢֵ֣ԸҲȥȰʲôƢ㲻֪һͨͷȻԹԻ
⡭
ʢЩԥҲ֪˺úĥ´СƢ㲻ȰֻǶСǱôţ
˵棬ȴü
˵ĵŮҲǸϧЩľҪȻҲһ֪Ϣͻ𼱻ȥɽ򣬿뵽ǰԼ˵Ϸβáǻߣɺһ˵ҲԾˣϷ˵һҾ¥ȴǲ׬Ǯģɼˣ߻иѾչˣ˫ָǰ׾ϸ۵ĲС
뵽ߺԼһֲ̿
̾˿Ļв׵ģͷЩŻģͷҸֺúý̽סڡ
ԭסԼ⣬˸񣬸˿ڣիɡ
ʢӦǣ˻ͷŰţȥĲյ
ͻȻð˭Ҳû뵽վͷ
֪ǰǷϲϲѾǲע͵ͷǹѵĻͲ԰׵Сʱһ˿ѪɫûУҧ±ݣͷĽŲæ˱صš
ʢֽƼһˣѾҲһСµģǲС̾վ̵ֻغ֡
źͷʱΪƵòʢﲻЩᰥһְѷ˽Щͬ˵һ⣬ϸ
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µѾǲţΪίֿǰЩȰ£ְ˶򷢳ȥź˵ȻҪȥū澾͸һߡ
ҲĨᣬūҲȥ
СһѾߣĸ״ͣڵģοѾǰΪ˱ȥжǼǸʲô״֪οǵ˵߾ߵģ
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䣬ͷ˴ˡ
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ۿ˵ū澸ȥ
極ͷַԸͨҳļɡ
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ԭĸΪԵʣ˰֣
ǻվȽŸƫƫΪĸ۰ԵʼնһأԱĺݶӣȻͬķܣĸȴѾزˣȻܴͷôĻϣ
Ҫһ뿪楶ԲǶѵ¡
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һٳõ£ԷǳҲû⵱˵ʲôֻȴ⣬ϷһȥѴСӻؼңϷ˸СĸûɫĸҿʹС㣡
Ϊ£汻ʱ楿ĿͲǰǰơ
ĽǶȣܾڿ楱ǰǸҪ¡
ϣҲʮͣź촽ɫȴо϶ܲϡϵЦͻȻЩάֲסˣ֪ô˵
֪ΪȴԸһα⡣
ûڣҲôˣϣ뿪ܺúˣȥЩ¡ҪȻǰ涪棬һԡ
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極ͷֱվ·ʱͻȻסˡ
Ųһ٣楴ȥӵֻ֣Ȼһ̧󣬲˿۾ϣҲ˵ˣȴ԰һ˵ץˣӶ̲סˡ
楾úЦ
ҲܿλһαװС׻ʱη壬ûˣͷᲽȥ
棬ɫһһףۼѾ˳ȥ˳ȥԺū͵棬վ󣬺ۿ㣬㣬ҪĲϲңұȥ
˵Żǰץס極ӣͷΪҶð뿪ɲ
õͺüһصİҲ𴽡
Ժūͻӣ楿ϤΪ¶һЦ𣿡
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ҲûڣԴЦţģúãֻǴǰׯˣ˿޸ĻƢԺʹ·ʽɽüԶɽۺﲨһֳķ飬ʮĻꡣ
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Цţָֽ̧һЩβһ£뿪
һӾ˵ˣվţ촽΢ţȴô¶²һ֡
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԰ȴ˵Ǹǡòײܻصңôô뿪
ЦЦƮƮԼӣûٿһۣ߰ɡ
Ҳٴ棬ߣߵӰڴƼ֦ѹųŽţѺ֣ѵÿ߱߻ҪӣϷ˴ã㾹͵ĶѧͷЩĵȥģ

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ϤūͶվͷʢҲվԣ뿪Ȱ裬ϵĽæֱս͡
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ͬ˵һʽˡ
ʻȥʱųͷۼϤլԽԽԶСһƴСӣȻһʧǰ
֪ʲô°ͿͷĿɢֱʧЦһг

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ǰһȥʱ
ҲΪͻȻɥ޶ŮߣһӾͲˣһ·λ˲ٺЩĶҲֹһɥʯ
С㣬ˡͷ𳵷
һȥϤլӣֻŻա
ȳǰڣɡ
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ͭôţܿͷʹһɳƵɤ˭ȻŲԽԽ˨£ű˴򿪣Ϥĸվź
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죬ĸȥּ֣üĿ续续ϵһ㣬ͻȻͲȥˣڰգҲЩ֪룬Цס֣˵ҽȥɡ

ĸĨЦסЯ˽ȥ
߽ԺӵʱڵҲӭһˣһ£ī纮ͦΣż飬ѧ㶯ҲֻǲĿһۣǰȤԽˣԹ߽ԼԺӡ


4 
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Ŀܿȥ
ǽߣ֦Ҷïǽ߻м
ֵʱڣǽӲӵ׹һ֦ѹˡ
µĴҲš
楿ȥǵ׹ŵӶһ
Ҳ֪ôˣЩѰĶž̲סЦýյķôǽߵĻôÿһשһ߶ʮ˳ۡǰô꣬Ӳʷߺ޵Լͽ⣬Ҳ˳˺ޣʼն
Ǳһİ
ȥģȥʲôûĿġ
ôˣĸܣЩСϲЦֱЩ֪룬ﶼð˵Ҳÿİ㣬ǰûĵطɣǲ̫СһЩ
ƼıµʲôˣЦЦסĸĸ첲ӽӲҲɿЩǵСá
ҾǿӽӲӵģҲ֪𡣡
𣡡ĸ˿ЦݣΪ極׽ü۶ºǰµģ绹СһָҪðȴͻأͣ¡
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֪治ԼĺҲŲյĹ
֪ҵܵ˵׮£֮䣬ɷĻᶼûУӾͷ˻˵ǡշ˾ͻӹظ׼¡
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˵ԼļȻ£οĸݣǾǸ߸ϵ֪С㣬ʮ˵߾ߣûһ˿ĸ˵һ㶼ǲܵġ
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ԭΪԼԺϥһŮûˡ
̰ܣĸЦ˵ÿζܳʮЩСҲʱժͷҸժʡ
Ȼ˵á
ĸŮЦŽü䣬ﵽײȽ긮ң̨ͤˮ鿡¥ԷͶǲͬĵطҲֺüطǲŻ͵ȥԲ˵Ǽͷƹ͹¾͵ȥԺü䣬ݺܵǲһĵط⣬ҲǸһԺһмƽճԷ͵ü䡣
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ɨһۣĿϡ
ϰˣӦʣģֻǷ˶ûӣֿһĸڸ裬յһЩְһ趼ˣȥһ
Ҫֲ֪ϲãæͣ£ϲȲ軹Ǻˮǡ
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꼸˽ʾͷĶôá
楼ĸ㶣ͬ˵Ҹ͵Ķ˵չࡣ
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䣬ĸǼ˱㶼˹
ȴٶԣǼ໥һۣջʲôû˵ͷֳȥ
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楿ɫЩĸЦЦҡҡģ
ĸһûعģګګԺƻùŻؼҡ뵽ǰǷͻȻּվȷҲҹʣԼһΣת˲ѣ񡪡
Ű楣뵽ǰ˵Ļ
極˼ǣǴӴ˾ڼаɣ
ͻȻüղЪϢõҲΪ˰極׼úŰϢ˵ȥĸ𼱻ǵھȥ㰢Ҫ֪϶ˣͷ߳뵽ԼȻһڼңæֹ˲ӻعͷ楣ᣬȥȥͻ
˵ŴҴ˳ȥ㺰ʶȥԺúȻ
楿ģ°ͣüҲ̲סǰ԰Ψһӡǲ԰ףܼлİô᲻ˣ

иߵǰ˵⣬Ǿȥ𣿡һͷֿǼƷԥʢԽģǾȥܸ𣿡
ɴСƢֲǲ֪һΪѡ
೵һ⻰ȻĬֹһС˵ﲻ˵СֻǻסգЩӿ϶ܲסҪȥôҿС˼Ժ󶼲ȥˣ
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Ϊ·խֶһȥԱͣ²ӣų󣬡鷳áͱȴܵĮ
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лг˵˵ͷ
Ѿĳٳٲæˣ磬ôˣ
Żع񣬺֪Լǰһֱźæڰ֣˵˾䡰û¡ʱûסȥķһۣطȻ꣬žȴСδҪ˾ùľ

뿪ĸͳˡ
ĸ鶼ܺãĸովЩ׷Χ˹ʣ֮ͥҹˣǡо˼ҶԹټСη壬ǲѹ֪ҵλɣ
Сʲôܣ
ǰͻȻһ¼ĸˣǸСŮͽ˳ǣ˵ȥﵱСˣҲȥˣֲСŮøҷһ㶼񡭡ԭΪԺûŮˣ뵽ոͻȻ˸ŮһС㡣
һ˵һﳤͷɵ̫ԶƲС
ĸˣҲ̲סһĨЦ˵䣬ԼҳĹﲻϲоɣһסţˣȹǣͲдˡ
˼㣬ƲƲ죬׻Ȼȥˡ
ĸ뿪һԱССӹһˣ˵£˵ŻóǮ
ǻСõǮЦš
˵žԶիȥ
ĸȥҹ˵ҪȥƼеӰЦźסˣСС
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ĸЦһһһˮûеĳˣü͸óּﻹһֻӣ֪Ǹȥˡ
˭֪ԺǼ𲻹
ǸģǱԼԿãʵ˭֪ɣҲʵϣӲ˵˻
̾˿ˣҼҳ԰ɡ
ˣã԰ɡ
ĸȰ뵽Լҹһţ׻գֻ˵Уȹš
ˣ뵽ǰǼ˵ĻĿһۣǼλ֪Сģϻȥ긮ʱͬŹȥƼʩ࣬ǵ׹һԱʯ׹һʯĶȹϻŽƬӵʮѾߡӣĸСôϰоط˻̫ˡ˵ЩлҲֻǳ˵˵ͷ˽ȥҲͻȥˡ


5 
硣
Ժһ׵׵ŮѣнЦ̧ͷ˴кŵ̲ˣȲҲֻʣں֣ǳλС𣿡
š
еͷȻȤӭڣü岻ãȥɡֿ˵Ѷ࣬㲻Ϊ׼
ѶǰЩˣû¾Ҫˣܵðһ͵ѡе嵭Įͬ˵ϸϸģᡣ
ֻղá
˵̾ҲŵȥΪҵ壬ҲشʡʼվԼͼǷ࣬ΪĲѼϿˣΪŸĿƿˣһಡ壬ñͲ㸻ԣļͥѩϼ˪ƽһпվȥϰ̯дֻ׬ǮȫõϣԼȴʡԼãѶϴҲµġ
Ҫû̯һң͵ǿ۹ֱˡ
û¡һǸԹƢԣ۶˭̬ȣŻɫΣɫľͺܺãֻˣ۾Ҳм¡
ʰЦգЦšһ
СķŽ¨ȥӣȥԷɣѾѷȺˡ
еͷ
һüȥƶû㼸յֶһӣԷʱûʲô졣
˽ȻͬȴǸҡ
û
ĸȥķ䡣
һĸסһ֮ͥסµǼȻ뿪סģĸһ·˳壬ȴԼû楻ҲסķͻûüʰͷȫǰùĶĸվſڣͷĲãɫȻýӲŤͷȥ楣⣬Ҫ˵ȴѾЦӣͥŲһӴһȦص˵ͷعЦźĸ˵ܺá
ķλõһطˡ
ܴ󣬴ԺӣƿƼԺǼƼԺļӣҶ֦ӵţźǺϲɰ
⣬ĸһŵģЦʵﻹµı𣿡
ĸæУеģ
˵ȥͷĳµĴʺͱӣͷôѻһ𶼿ˣҪæȴæÿһվžͺãϾ͸Ūá
ǰѾߡ
δ涯֣Ȼ᲻ð楶֡
ȴЦŴͷͱӣ˵Ūˣһڴͷһ߿ĸһſڵģ뿪Ц˵ɱҵСˣԺͰŮû֪ҵС㡣
ҶҺ׽ˡ
ĸһ⻰Ȼٿڡ
ĸŮһѴϵĶһȦ
ЩµʱĸһֱĴ楣ɫƽûа㲻ʣȴϧˣ楴ǰЩﲻͷҸѾߡ
ȻȲ֪ңܸģǻᾡϲðί
ȴû¶ʲôߣЦ˵ʲôʵӦճһͰ˵⵹Ϊ楡
ԼѪ⣬ôܲʹʮûѪԵȴǣϵŵġ
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ʰ귿䣬楾͸ĸһȥ˳
ĸϣ̬ȼҲȥˣֻǲ̨ЩεЦЦȴҲû֣˵̨ܱﻹҪϤϾǰô꣬ԿʳΪġ
ջˡ
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楻ͷȥƼһ첽ԺһɫȻѾЩˣҲƳüۺӲеģ
֮һСϵʮֲͬ
ǰɥʯҵʱѾ˺ۡѪģ岻Һܿ͸ؼҵʱֻ̨ϷŵλʱէȻƼԭΪԼİѪԵⶫǺãţȻһ㶼裬˵ע£Цһ
ƺۿٿȻͺˡ
ײĸǰţʹ֣Ҳֻһ󾹲֪˵ʲôֻǿ૵ͺãͺá
ΪѹƤţЩࡣ
ĸȫܽԼć極棬Ц͵ôӣԼԷȥ
һ˵һ極ĸ첲ϣҲ̨֪Ҳһҹû˯ãһϣȥ鶼ˣڵǰˡ
֥ԼŮ棬Щ
ô˵ˣǰѩѹСȣ鶼ûٵĸƳһ̨ۣ
ſ磬ɨŮЦҡҡͷΣȴҲûסЦ
ԷɡЦкˡ
ӦʣأôûƼ
Ϊµ˲ŻôûڲŷϾֻײ;ߣҲû˵ѲɸǳԶˣ
䣬楾ͷุĸɫЩÿһһ˵Щʲôȴֻ𴽣˵Էɡ
ĸŵЩܣȴҲû˵ʲôֻһ߸вˣһ˵ȳԷɡ
ǰԼλĽӴࡣ
ɽʱ򣬸粻ڼңǵȰûˣŻڵǰҹֻ˵һ䡰úչԼ뿪ˣٺк룬絹ǳֹһΣӣҪҪһߣǻ鵭ĮûʲôȻˡ
룬ǰ뿪ʱҵȫ粻Т˵ġ
Ҳû⡣
ǧҲ֪ǲ˵ǵյڵʱʰˡ

ȳš
ĸܾһϴ룬ֱ˳ȥüʣһˣҲ֪ʲôԱԺʳߵǽߵ£żժӳȴһС
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СôģºͣһЩЦҲûֱӿǶһΣյλã֣Լ
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楱ЩҲûջ֣ȥιʳˮԺӴһͳʣпһֻСè𣿡
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̧ͷڿȥѵЩôôУ


6 
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䣬ǰСèǸ֪ʲôƵģתڡ⼱еҲ楻عˡ
ЦԼǻˣһʶ˵С
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Χǽĸ߶ȣʣҸ͹ȥ
ڵǳһᣬҪڱ楣ôˣ
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˵䣬ѵߣԺӵҲǲˣ⹧غһ
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ҲûʲôֵģɽĶ˲࣬ƿùεȫܵͷȥˣСطҲʵϣܾ̫ֲЩûÿҪܵڵȥ飬ԱðѧãǸغӣô궼ɽ򣬼ȥѧӶóһ
һǺϲԼѧģЦӦһ
᲻ԼŮĻͬ˵һ͹ȥͺá˵žͰѵϵСèСèըëҲʹΣ¼ŹԹԵؿ˹ȥ
楿пޣ˵ͷ˵ˡá
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ŲȻֹֻСèţֵ£Żص£ֱĵĮˡ
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û뵽ȻôɣгĬһ˵ɡ˵꣬ҲδٶԣŻСèǰߡ
Ҳûٺˣͷӣʣ楣ôȥ
ЦЦУӦһͽȥ

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գţʱйƮһȻС
ɽ긮ҴʱȴͷѻƵģ˾ѹּˡ
ҹ﷢˺ôһͨƢȻΪǼĻػӵ˵Щһһʮȫ˸һ׸մӿⷿó໨ɲյûôԣ
ֵúܴ
Ҳ֪ȥ뵽Ǿ䡰ҲǵĴС㣬ǴСѾȥˡź֪ӦСȥѾΪֻǻؼסϼգȴȫȻһĽ۷׷ס
Ǳߵã￴ҲҴʲôǱȴǿˡסûի⣬Ҳв˵¡
Ժ˶ʢԸġ
ǳˣ׸鲻湧˽ȴΧһ˵л
С治ˣ
˭֪أ˵˽շ˺ôĻ𣬻˵ȻϻԺͱ̤ҵţ˵վҪ˹ѴСֻ
⡭Ժ󵽵ôа
һĬСʣѲԺͷλҪǸĴС㣿⡭Ҳ̫СˣıȵϴǰλС㣿
˭˵ǣǲ֪źԷȻվҪ˲ˣҷȥĵһյڵģã˺üڣ˵ζЦǵģȥЦʱҿҪ˱˵Цˣ
꣬ͷλǷ˵Ůи곤˵һ䣬ֿһǵƻͨӣҡҡͷɢ˰ɡ
ߺһѾܻ߱ӡ
ڴңƼԼѾݺæĶʵǶ˵ʲô
ݺȥͷЩ˶楲ʲô뷨ĸôˣݺоʵˣʲô˵ʲôͷǼѾ˵Ļһһʮ˵һ⣬ɫ԰ױ߹ȥܲ˵Ʋһ㶼ãǻǻȥɡ
ɽãүҲã˺öˡ
ǻȥɡ
˵治ڱȥӣʹǰһֻǻûһ¾죡
ͣڰգݺؿ棬û뵽Ȼ۾ɵôģһ֪ģ
ҲӦˣһף͵ݺҲǡȥ֣ݺȴЩµɪ¼򣬻һǰ޼һ϶ｹʱҲûֻܾƣ˵ˣȥɡ
ݺɵؿ棬Ӧˡ
ߺĬڴϣеƻͨȴһƬ֮ǰһ㣬̵ĽëڰͶһƬӰͷ紵֦Ҷڴߵһս
ָѹѪ⣬ȴƸоۡ
һһˣȻ楸ûʲôΪĸףҸᱧڣĸʮ۰Ǻ
ƾʲô楴СܽʳƾʲôܺͱƷͻĶ˴ӵţ

һжӦģ
ҵĴС㣬Ӧǽ֪С㣡
ƽˮͫ۾һĹâĿްҧȻ˾;뿪ģҲøã

ա
Ͼһϵǻˡ
極ĸʵܸӣǰܲˣȨûˣǻ楻ĸժóԵģֻؿһذƵˣ楸첲ϻһ鰮ĴСİ̺ۣɵġ
ˣȴҪˡ
ʮ꣬ĸŮδ˵һ强˵״뿪òˣи̫󣬾ԼŮҲû⿪
ɫǲá
Ҳûˡ
ʢָҪţͷ˴С밲ˡ
էȻôƺϱЩήҲһӾ˾񣬼ֱͦ۾˼ּкϲ촫
𣬿棬ϵЦһӾͽϡ
ȴ֪ʲô˰ϸﺰĸס
ϻع񣬵ԼŮҲϧģʧУЦź˵ǵذԼ£ôô硣ʢٱһꡣ
˵ҹû˯á
ʢָնôһ䣬Ųһ٣ϿȥȻɫѿü־ԼǶˡǸģһ˵һߴóһֻңͬ˵Ҹ׼ңͷͷ߾˯Ⱦˡ
ѿɫƼֻʱ»пġ
˵ŽӹңõͷʲôȴͻȻñӺȻʹ磬һһôͣʢֵɫһӾͱˣӹһţһתͷ棬ͷʲô
ϻڲס磬ɫǺˡ
治ôˣګګͣЩıƬͻ
ͼϷ۰˹ȥ


7 
εǴ¡
Һʢڣϵ˿ͨ硣
ūͽȴվһԲ֪ʲôɫҰף񻹲ĸô£ȻĸεѲ˸ϵ
ĿⲻɳԲȥ
һңͱֶϣΪղŶôæմ˲ۻࡣʰļѾûע⵽˵˵λ͵˻˲Żιȥ
⡭֪˻𣿡
ǲ֪ɣȻôһͰͰ͹ҸղſƼˣһƬڣǰһġ
⵹ǲҲʵ̫ˣǲ֪Ҳһµˣڳ£СȻᰤȴ˺ǡ
˭˵أҿȷҪˡ
ЩɫøӲ԰ףҲЩվȣµָţϻֲ̿

Ѿ˵޴󰭣Ϣ¾ͺˡ
ʢһߴ˳ȥһ˵ֻһ£ʱ䳤ЩҲеġ˵壬ôĶ͵ǰ
ƳվӰͲ԰׵ɫʢ̾˿û˵ʲôֻǵһࡱ˸Ǯ˳ȥųȥ
֡
Сûһ˿Ѫɫ۾Ҳʧ˹Ƶģ˹૵ңҲǹģҲ֪ĸ׻
ʢοû¡
뵽ԼǰǷӦ˵ǰūҲżˣûɣ
æҡͷȴ̲סžžµһξ£ʵڲ˲ϲһ߲һ˵ûţҲԡһͷС˵֣ȥĸ׵Ǹ
ʢֳɵ˻ûѣﲻȻȥȷˣȥ
һŲģֱ̧οǷ˵Ů˲ġ
ﻹǲ
Ҳ֪û취⣬ֻǿ¶˸Цлˣ˰Ѿȥ
ߺ󡪡
ʢֿıӰҡҡͷ
ͷæӽȥǸιˮǸ˲ͷϵ麹ϢЩǵû°ɣ
ҡҡͷ
ʢ˿˵ܵģ˵ҪǸõҲǸջ֪飬ū¶ɫǰҹϳġ
Ŵ뵽Լղ٣٣ҪȥΣδƽβԺЩ˶ʲôԵģͷȫȥһ٣
ʢ֪ƢûȰӦʣǹǣ
ԼŮǸջ᲻£һʱĲˣҲÿڣҡҡͷ
ʢ̾˿Ҫȥ¾ͽˣüˣϢʲô
¸˰ֿ۱Ŀϣ˵ׯĹ»ƹˣԭ˵ýҪǶ˵ġ
Ǵ¡
ʢֲþϣֻÿϣˡ
ﷳ꣬ȻѾûˣδ໹ڲסţԭʱûգֻܺ楹ȥǣ񡪡
ķҲѣ׻ѹǹͷεľҧҸ¡
ȴ˵£ѾƣȥЪϢɽȴˡ
ɽʮȻûʲô£ȴòҪȻϵҲҪ޹
ͬһȴдûˣ֮ǰŮһ£Ҳûʣֻ˵æԼ͵Ƽˣһʱ׼սģֱͦЦӴʲôǵĴæ˹ˡ
ɽûʲô飬ûʲôأ

һ㶣¡
⼸Ϊ͵ŮæòУﻹǵ£ԭҲǶ£һҪǿɽǰ뵽Լ¶ӣ˿϶Ҫָһ¶á
Ͳõʱǽ͹ȡ
㳶¾˽ﻹһС
ü΢ȴƽü䳰ȷؿɽ
ɽҲû̧̧°;ߣûɽĸǰϵ̹˲٣ԵҲɫò
²ʵʵ˵Ǵ󡭡뵽Ľæ˻ȥĿڵСǰշԸ׼ģոհ͹ġ
һ⻰סˡ
*
һ߳Ρ
УһŴָͥûŮģҰϣ㶼ʲôҳȥţ
楣ʧ
Ҫǵûڼͺˡ

һˣԹۣԼܷԼʯϣԼ˼ȴʲôϧֻǾÿ

ʲôûþԼеŬȥչˡֻҪһ£еĺöᱻԣֻסĲá
ЦǣЩҲġ
楾Ǵξģ鲢ûʲôǸоϵıˮ⡣
ָĨ
ͷˮ飬ûסЦһ
楣ͷĸ
ӦһеһУ
ű򿪣ĸ˽һЦ˵ΪҪ˯һᣬһС棬˸ȳ˵ȳһӣϾҪ緹ˡ
極û뵽Լһ˯緹ʱ䣬£Цá
ĸϣƳߵӣֵģ
׼ϴԿһۣЦڵġ
ĸŶһЦҪϲͷҸȥժ㡣
楲̰֮ȻǰΪ飬ãҲǺϲӾͺܺáûҪصȥһˡ
СĸռˣЩȥ׼ϴԾȳȥˡ
θԭСһ¶ǣﻹԵ緹ĸҲţûȰֻ˵ͷ˼ǵú˵Ҹȡ
ЦӦãĸװʳУ룬ʵǸ𣿡
ǰԲĶÿҶø͹ȥĸ˵߰ѸӸǺãڼϢᣬ˵ȥɡ
ʲôĸһ
Цظһ飬ȥɣҲȥͷ䡣
⡭ĸȴЩԥﲻȽ긮סĶһЩûʲôĻģЩ˳ײ˰楣°䡭ҲðһӲȥĸһ˲ͬˣҸ˴ȥ
ʵ·ġ
ǰߺʱŰȥԺҲûȴ
·ľȥСӣȻƼôһɰĹСһӾͺˣҲƴǰǰƤˣͷЩ˼Ӻף͵㣬ɡ
Цźлֺĸ˱𣬿ܴҲЦųǵͷ
СͲȴܻ飬楰ʳӸһСûôˣЦŸɽ棬С㣬ǰԺˣ
ָһط˵
極ͷֺ˵ҲʲôС㣬⣬ҽͺá
СӴǰҵˣɽ쿴楲ŷǰԼ̫СˣȻҽ㳤öÿǸϲǰҽ㣬Ҳ˵ԵʣǾУ̲סͶøС
УôͬһôҶк
Ųһ٣ɫҲУͬͬջǣѭȥƼԶһꡣ
ס걳ѩһ㡣
òԶǼǺˣôͬأ
ǣǾүջĿʲôǡ
У쳣ͣôǲǿְ

һȺ˵˰죬ҲûǸ꿪ڣСӺһ߷ߵȺ۸磡ȥ˵žߣӳ˹ȥ
ֻθȥûǸÿˣá
򵥵ȴöһȺ˺
Ҳڱˡ
ⲻ˵һһ֣楾ҲòţǰˡĿ⸴ӵؿӰ⻹һοʱĻС˲е̬ȣߣ첲ȵУ𾴾ƲԳԷƣ
楿̲סһִ˵Ŀͷ
һȭȥСŰǰ϶õҡҡͷȭͷ¾Ц߹ȥǡڴأ


8 
ͣ¶ѭ˹ȥ
¶ǰһưȹŮӣüۣ쵰Ƥܰףվ̫··ᷢһ㣬ͷúһɰŴҼ磬׹һԶ㻨ʽĶŸʳУЦӯӯǡ
ɽô󣬱˵ˣ˭мֻͷ֪һ
ǰŮȴЩֱ治Ƕǽոմͷ֪˭
е˭
極ĳֻ֣Щѯʣһ˿滹ͷԭָĿܵԼάСϣС̧ͷصġ
ԭֺĳĬ
̧Ÿ첲Ҫ˵˿楣ɫЩ΢
Ǹӷϴ
ǶիѧͻֻͬǰͲμ˿ƿ֮УҲɽ⼸ΨһһáˡѧӣԺѹ̧ͷڳ֪лԹȻֵðúĥһ١
ͻȻֵ楣Ȼ極òʱҪĻڳǰһҪ
Ͼ˵ˣǵүǺܿóģȻͷãǾǵٵˣ
Ըߴӿ楲û¸첲¶һСҼҵһȥȻɱȭͷ۰
㣡
Сһҽ˵սȭͷ¶ҽݾŮЦӯӯʵҪȥΣ
û˵Ĺȭͷĸߴ˻Щ֪ôˡ
Ȼ쵰ҲûŮ˰
ƯŮ˻Цеֳ˼ֱߵе߲ͣ£ͷЦʵţô˵ˣ
ڲ߹ʱüһϲ̫ƽҲһ룬ղŻСʱվߣ紵˵°ڵһżϵζ
Ũ֬㣬ǺܺŵĻ㡣
üԶЩµȭͷסˡ
ô£¿ͷ󣬳ûƼͷ״ֻһŮ¶Ҳ˵ʲôЩ˿ɫͿʼ׷׳£С¶ãʲôԵģ
˵žͰǰƿһ·
泣·ˣ¸ߴԭǳĻڿ極ʱͣµǰ֮һǳ֪λ˭𣿸Ҹԣ
楿ҡҡͷʮ̹ף֪ǣ
֪㲻֪һݵøƵЦ̧°ͣһɵĸ߰ģһ泣ÿ·һ߽ܵǳˣ
ɽ⼸Ψһľүү棡
ǰһƵľģԸ˸°ڣ˵䳡滰ĿڸײϵʱȴһЦݽӲϣǰǸµ˻ڰȰ˵ţȴͻȻƿǰȴڿߵǰʱͣסϻ̳ϿֵС㣿
楿ǰǶˣᡰһȻΪһС㡱ƺɽ楣ʶң
ﻹǰĸ߰ӣЦǰճĳ༸ѧȥңҼһ档
Ŷ
ǰյ¶楶ȴǿꡣ
οһڵѧȻ޷ӡ̣ջеѧʶǰοƿȻûһ£һкƲͨƿ˵ģͨׯ׸ͱµľټҲΪԵʣнڸʱв˽

¡
˵ۣͱɲˡ
ԴӵϾ˺ԽԽĿˣĿֻɽˣͷ˭ᱻӣԽԽԱĶˣСô⣿
楻һ۳ܵҵͷ
֪𣿡һ㶡
䣬ͻȻ˴ĻҵĹȥСˡǸʱûһ£極ĻѲɣһ𾪵ģȴú˵ʲôֻʣ£
ӵʡ
ô⣿Ϊʲôûμ֮ǰĿƿС
ԼУûӦӵ˳õһԣګګûûˡ
ҲûٿˣһߵĻУǺƽǰǳ־粢еĲ楿ҲֻǴ䵭ķ
󲻵楿ڣСӵͷֱǰȥ
ӡ
﷭˸ۣǰʶʱһģһû̸ȥС˵Լȥû°ɣ
û£
СЦ¶׵ݣпҽȻһĿ˵ĳϹϾ
ҲûٶԣЦͷֱӳ˸Żнȥ
ߺ󡪡
µǿ򳣰
ոôһᣬҲ極ˣղǸС˿ųֵ֣Ůֲǰ֪Сˣô
û㶮ʲô
極Ӱѹ֪ҵСҲܿģδ򡭡뵽˵æҡҡͷǣ²˵ȥ
Ȼæǡ
ֹһСʣǡǱߣ
ü¶һ˿񣬵뵽ǰάҧȲ
˵ž뿪⣬δֶһ͵˵Сӡ
Сӱ뿴ǻҪʲôӶԸ磬û뵽Ȼջ񣬴ʱǰ˵Ļ૵Ȼδ𣿡

иҪ߽ի極ָգιС
²ӶסͷˣŮһ·Сܹģ¶һЩɫǱǰҪɫ㡭֣ͷ極ϣһ䵭£
ò׷ϣ楺Щ١
⻰ЩЦˣǰͷҰ㣬ң

пĬһ˲ڣл
˵Ҫߣ뿪תͳסӣνӲͣԭأһת˫ķĿϣŴûʲôı飬˷Ĳϲ
ȴ
ЦӯӯģҪھԶ楣
楿ȥһиоת뿪ˣȥӰֿһڰ΢΢ָʧЦһĿ⳯ȥķһۣŴջ֣ڵȥ


9 
պͻдкῴѾߵǰŮֵ楣ոպС˵ʲô˵¶һ˿ɻոȻԶ˵ʲôҲûƼסӵ֡
ǸǶȣúܽ
뵽Сһϲ׽ۻ뿪ķʣСʶ𣿡
ʶ
Ȼʶġ
ͬô꣬谲ֹ޹ֺͽ⣬ʱҲʧǼ꣬أҲʱ򡭡
񡪡
ЦЦסĸ첲ʶֻǸղͷײİˡ

ǰ촽ôûµӣ楶˵ˣȻʡ䣬Ŀڱסĸ첲ϣӶסӲӴͳƽǶӻǶԶŮ̫¶Լİ⣬ԣֻҪͺãǮ͸޶ʲôͶһ֮ݣԼ޶ĶʵǴδ
楲Ӳȴδ֡
ܾԸףϱӣûңѡؼңǲǵͲĽⱲľǺúֲ
ٺЩ׽Щ֪ǰǵġ
ʹҲرϲ¶Լˡ
Сʱ򲻵ϲү͸˵ˣǸ鱡˳˵ȥ÷ȫκ˷ҲˡɽԽϾԽ
ʲôأ
Ĵһжɳ裬ҲԼϹۼ޴ɣӴôѡ
楲֪ǲǺһ
ǲϲңһľԼеŬϲûãҾͻͷ뿪ߵԶԶġСĴгģԽԸһҲԽԽĮ
֮ˡ
Իˡ
ԲԼ֮㣬еΣ˵ĻУҲ˵뿪뿪
楣ѾǰĽӲлعˣȻЩŤҲߵͬͬţῴСŮ֪ʲôͷѯʣʲô
ûʲôЦ̧ͷ
ЦӺܺÿַĵЦü䡢ӯӯˮ۾ʢ˴£ĸ첲ǰߡ
Ⱳʲôˣֻúչ˵չĸ
ڻС
뵽⸱Сģ
ȻɷޣѵǲϾһϱӻ֪ǰ
ˣ˵ǰļţҸոͷһճ۸УǴǰͬ𣿡

üɫҲòÿ
˵ΪԼѧܳΪˣǸø˵ģĸ꣬Ϊָʲô˵£ü̾ǰȷͬ
ֻǰ곣пȡΣ뿪ի
ǻСüȻ֪ǰΪûμӿƿԲΪˮƽ
С̾һǱ˰
ȻһҲԾô£

СмԭӲãĻЩͰܹˡ
ǰ꣬ȺȥСҲ˵˿ƿҪȻı£˵ˣȥһʿүҲǿԵġ
ŵǼӣիѧǶ顣
極ĿȴˣڻеϣǸխСͻ谵һͦΡʹ澳ҲȻ
𰢵ǰĻ極ﲻ֪ΪξЩ˵ۡ
з޶أȴδֻ֪ţûʲôһҲûˣġûҪǲ룬ʣҲͲ˵
۵ָűһϸСӣָûʶ۵ϻһһۼŲԶĻУò뿪
ߺ
еĻȴǸ֪ʲô͸ſ뿪Ӱü΢Ҳֻһ˲ջĿ⡣
ȵ¿Ρ
סҲҪ˱ȥͷ˵
СУǲ鷳ˣղŴ楿֪±һֱĲ£ⲻ¿ξͰ˺ˡ֪еӣü˵Ҫ鷳һҪ˵ҺôҲҪҵ档
еû뵽Ϊ¡
뵽ǰűߵǵӰ򴽣һĨ˵вΪôȴҲδԣʵǳ£ûзϣǽû楣ҲԼĺ⣬ɸмСܹĺò࣬Ҳһþͻᱻϣ뷽跨ȥ
ͷصû£صġ
⺢ӱҲԼšпһ䣬Ҳ֪Ƣԣû˵
ȴŻͷǺүȥ˵һ
үǰͬҲǺѣҪȥ֪صʦү£ڳԺʱ֪ˣ棬֪ү棬ȴǵüɵġ
ˣոңҪ˵ʡ
еͷʵ˵ˣԺ̵ܽģˣ˷һʱ䣬ʱȥͷϯ岻ãοҲСˣûҲҪɻˣֳģܵøðЩױ
ǰЩ˰ҽһ£ȥһ˼ҵϯҡ
У˵üʮ࣬Ҫѧú׼Ŀƿ

ЩΣ˵һ˵˴ʱȴһûģԳ˵ȱǮ˵뿪Ժ£붼룡ҵĻҪԺ󶼱ˣ
ѧѧһִ֡
ǴҲ뿪ԺܵͷձǮƣĻ˼飿СųģķԼ
Ļ˼ңӦûǴӦ˳ȥ˼˵ҪȻҺһȥ
˵ˣﻹ˵뿪»ͷҪԼȥֻûأһûдӦ
ˡ
屾ͲãǱˣһ꣬ٻЩдЩɡοԺûʲôˣҲܰһЩ


10 
صңĸѾ緹ˣĸԺɹ̫ԹӣҲлͼҳ楽ϵĹмӭ˹ȥһеʵôûʲô°ɣ
Ҹ˵Ⱥˣû۸ɣ
û
⻹ͷһû۸оúЦҲЦҸûʲôô۸ң
ǿɲ˵Щǰ͵ǸŵģĳҲأ˾˾͸ˣպٻžͰۡһź컨ĸ˽ӹ
һĸҲ˵ɲǣҪ˵ǻǺãôõĲѧƫ£ϻϱҪûȥˣﻹг˵ĵأ
꣡
Ǵ컨ĸæһָŸڣСɱûСѾͷԭ;Լ磬Ҫ˵ֵóˡ
Ȼֻͣ̾Ϣ
û˵ľּĸŮվһԣǻлҪ˵Ҳ͸˴ǡ
ߺ楿ŸǽǼ֦֦Ҷï룬ʣǼж𣿡
аҪʲôĸ
ЦԸڵˣȥ
ϻ˵ҪĸЦһ䣬ֵţҸȥá
ûһṦŸӺͼӳû楶֣ԼժʮִֻƵӣȷһӲŵݸ楣治ȥ
á
Цžܾ⼸ľ룬οúͲ࣬׼˵лء
ĸһ˴ģɽ楲͵ĲǶżɻѾˣͰ楲һ·ˣϻҵĹȻӹǲãҲССжд֣ɽлдֵĹˡ
һϲǺӣȻֵҲû˵ģĿ⺬Цߡ

űʱ򣬻ڸѣƽպ˻ʱӣŸƵģȴᡣ
˭أ
ѵս۵촽ͷδϣԥվʵ˭ѽ
ϤϸŮЦãǸҵģЩ
λС㣿һոŵʱȥ˵ȼˣҵ飬Ķһž˹ȥű򿪣վͷĻŮӣãԡеŮüĿᣬЦӯӯǵһ λС㣬ûеĽݣƢõľƹټС㡣
ΪйټС㶼֪ؼҵλСһء
á楼Ŀ΢㶣ֺһ̧ͷһ㯵ģЦʵҽȥ𣿡
ᰡһȻһӾͺʧÿӣ죬
ЦӣĿɨȥ
ҵĸֺһһ֣Ҳȷɽ򲻴ŻˡԺӱҲõûҪãǽǰŲٱ˴úܺõĻ裬ʮг
»Ǹӣéݶ˯£⾫µԺӿ϶ġ
ҽ㡭ѹغţûʲô͵ѣҲ֪ôСദվ󣬼ĿܣΪΣª⡣
ô᣿ЦŻعͷԺӲõúܺÿǽǰŵĻʮʻž졣
˵ʮϣ뿴֪ô¾һɣҲЦΪ極ĺ˵ҲΪĻȻЩҲûǰôˣһĨЦ˵ҽȥǱɣ˻衣
ȻûвӦġ
ϷѾЩˣ֮ﲻƳů˸˼Ұ֮̿⣬˶Ժɹ̫ģҲϽȥģ뱾ǹ極ݣͷʧ񣬻˽ȥЦűʾͺá
ȥͷõӶ˲裬楾ͷܡ
ü䲻ԶǼÿŴĽǶȿȥɨڣϰŲٶʰʮָɾһ飬һ֧֧ıȫеʮ룬Աߵĸ߼Ϸһ֧ϸڸƿ״棬޻ֻ˼֣ƲдʲôֻƼͷ˼֦𻨣зżһµĹ㡣
ͷһ硪
ҽ㡣ˣŹ̺Ͳ㣬ԭǸģûʲôԵģֻһЩ𻨸⣬⡣
ջĿعͷЦһΪﴫĹ㣬ԭ˸㡣ڻߣӹĹ𻨸Ⳣһڣǰͻгɻ飬˵޹ϵãȴദò
Լûʲôر׽ĵܵãѻ뵱Լá
кʱҲǻȰǣ˵໰֤ûϲλׯС㣬ŻУǸʱѾᱻһһң
ټ
ǰʶʱǸ˵Ļ룬ȻۣҲʱеʻ
Ϊ˴ǰ£極ĿЩȻ
ҽ㣿˵˼Ҳδڣ˻ΣգգۣЦʡôˡʣʸ岻壬ҪҪټЩ衣
ҡͷ壬á
ǲ˵ģСֱ籣òϳĹƽ˲ΨһҲǻ˵ˣ˴һ塭楾ḻԣֻ˵Ͳ˵룬Ͳó
ţûóΣһ򲻰˵ĻҲ˵໰
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲô֪ʱľĵطһһĹļʲôġ
̸ֱƻ裬Ҫ˲ɢ
ߵʱ極ժ˲ӣȻǺϲӣøｻأֺͻ˵˿ģᲽ뿪

ȵлʱ楸뿪á
°ŵӺֻյнŲһ٣Ķ£ȥ뻹æһӰæһʣˣ
̻תͷղ֪ΪΪĽ̸ԳǰûеĳоЦ磬ˣ
ҾãбȻ뻹ҪȻҲʲôԶҳټģеǸΪˡ
ʱѿڴոҽˣӹͷˡ
̧ˮԣ϶һ١

벻֪ʲôЦ˵楣ҽƢãҲᣬһ㶼Ҳ˵һ磬Ҳٻء
Ƣã᣿
ι˴ͥڡŮӵˡĬˡ

楲֪ѾˣջؼҾͿͰ˵СǺӽֺҪ뿪Ժ¡
⺢ӡĸڰ꣬̾һǾûÑﲻڣҲˡ˵ֽʣûӦɣ
æȻûǸӣԺضܸУôΪ񲻼þͰԺ󶼸ˣ
ĸŷģ˵˾䡰Ǿͺá˵ʲôƼԺ楣Цˣȥ㣬Էˡ
ҲЦſ
楴ЦӦһߣȴסţ֪мҾãҲû뵽ֵزÑϣǴ뿪ԺȥǮ𣿿ǵóɻʱ˸˲֮Ƹ񰡣ڳһլӣѲǺǼ꣬ɣδ⣬Ҳ¶ϣӷŵһԣƼĸ˸ͷвˣЩϺ֮ģ΢źۼʣǸ˭ģ
õģƶǰǿŹġĸһ߼һ˵ǰƤĶҪȻͿǸƤĶ֪ʲôء
Ȼǡ
ĸҪߣæȥɡ䣬ȫ˹ȴûһ˿ڣ󷽷Цţиڻˣùȥ¡
Ҫһȥ
ãȳԡ楴ĸнӹӣкһͷߡ
ĸЦ뿪תʱ򷢾Լ˿Ű極ĿЩ֣ôˣ
عҡҡͷû¡
ȴ̲ס룬ôð楺ƶԻʮģ


11 
иմӳһèϸǲϸĻ治һǽǵĲݴзһֻǶСè
ֻèģֻһԺɢͷèȥͷһ۱㷢ֻèСè
ǻСèųãݵûûƴ۾Ҳ̫һ𣬿µòֻܲܰԼԽԽСͼ
ҹͷһ϶ȥСؼУȥҪһ̣ϸϸι¡

СèڻҴˡ
Ҳʱ޿̶ڣзÿնȥһˣʱЩʱЩʱСè۸͵͵󣬷רèȥ䷳һèҡ
µ˭󣬻оûˡ
СèѾűߣͷţжӣ˸ëʣȥ㰢ˣͣüĿᣬ˵Ļȴżɪ̾ϢαأȻ㶪ˣֺαȥң
˵ⷬʱЩȻ
СèöĻֻǸܵѱͷģڰһ㡣
дԼ˼лع񣬿СèǵĿ⣬Цָ˸ͷԶ뺰ԷӦһСè̵ԼᲽȥü䣬ͷʹһ
磬˭ѽſӳ
Ҳ֪˵˾䡰ȥš㱧èȥˡ
Ŵͷ򿪵ʱ楿һ£ﴧһֻСèһһèڿֻèĿⴿ΢˵ֱܿúƽһˣĮ²ؼ
ŵĲˣ£

ڵĻǱȺĻлᰡһ١
ݣǿӲˬѹԻ룬ϸԻУǰʵڰ粻ͻģʹǰϧľ
ûŵĶ𣿡һ㶼ںɫüǺһ䡣
йȻǺˣǵһμŮӣͼǸիǰʩǸŮˣǰ뻹ᣬƢõˣĬˡǺľٶŵĲˣĿһ˲ȴǰǸģˣûȥɡ
Це˵øҰȥ˵
䣬ǰ˾촽ڵͫ
ڣܿ仪ӳϼСòпԼӰˣ£Ҳֻһ£ջ˵ȥ˵Ҿͽȥˡ
˵ҲδеĻش˵ǰ㣬ֱͷߡ
ǡûϵĲ̻Цϲ㣬ôˣ
ĻоͼƵģЦҰҸ˵ˡ
֪ƢҲûЦлִһЩոȺõӸװⶼԼģ㳢
楿ϼز˺һӣֻʣĸˡ
õƢԣ׻ûоܾЦŽӹҪ뿪˵磬㡣
á
楸ҪܾѾڣ߰ɡ

аɡ
ûپܾͻкߡ
˵ȥߵľ룬м伸ٸСӣҲûʲôֵģһϲúܽԴŮӶǸŷǳȫľ룬ǰҪǷޣƶҲӡҲΪԵʣԵλׯСߵúܽʱŻȷϲ
ˡ
ߴе
̧ͷһۣȷѾǰˣЦЦɫǰǰ㿪ˡڴ˸кҲûٴУֱȥ
п뿪ӰǰϵЦܾոյĨЦݴһЩĪ˵
ʲôϵ
ҪᲽ뿪ͷ˵ŮҶ뵽֮ͥ뵽ϵĳ࣬²һ٣Ĭòת뿪

ҲǽԺӲŷּˡ
ˣҲʶŽǸŮˣúһһСһ׿ףһõ㡣
ǰǽӴ㲻ϲҲ㲻ᡣ
ӴҴֶŮɣÿǳ㣬߻Ƽ楽ӭ˹Ͽÿ۾ȴ˿һȦȻûʲôѵĲһͼֵơ
뵽һĻ߰
֪Ķôܲ۾ƮŻͷСˣܲЩȥҪĻ׿׵¡
Ц極ĸ첲ĸܾԱţֶŮ֣õܡ
á׿׽겻ʮˣò㣬Ҳ޳˵Ҳ֪˸񣬿СƢ󣬿ŵֻɰȻпСĴָ飬Ź˹ָϵĺɰ˵Ҫң
⺢ӣԼСӵͷҲûֻЦ楡
ҴʵˣһܵܣƽʱʲôöŵܵһңҲ˴ǰǹ磬֮ͥѶóȥ楲һǺòλŮˣƼģЩΣĸվ¶ɫҪȰ˵ͱס֡
Цᣬѯ㣬ϲ
꣬ϳòӣСʲôһҪõȻЩԼýòǽ̧°ͣһҪǿ㣬ߵϲϲҾҪҡ
楼ܺҲܹܺӡ
ңǸܵܣСûٱ̣ܽǰܺӣ楼ȲҲգЦе촽΢ţޱȣƫ³ĻȴˣҪҾ͵ø㣿
ҪǸǰһӣ͸ˡ
ϲһҵɣҲ磬ɿղϻĴĶˡ
ˣֻҪͷͺβˡ
ǵһα˾ܾ¶һ˿㵣ȷӦҪͱ׿װסˡԼ硭ոջܵòеСܵ󣬲˵ص楡
ãǸСС£㲻Ҫƽϡ׿˵÷棬極Ķȴ̲סü
ֲء
һС£Ҳ˵˵˵ͷȥһϴ֡û뵽ССһ䣬ϵǸЦĸĸ첲˵ɩϻ˵£ʹôˣĳͬˣ͵Ƿ޿ˡ
˵̾˿ڽ¥ûˣԺֲ֪֮ͥȥˣڶµĹأСҲܸġҲ᲻Ҽ׿װ
ҲΪ밡¥ܲһֱû˹ܰɡ
Ҫ˵֮ͥãҪܳȥ
Ȼϴ֣˵Ļȴһ㶼û©£ֻԽüͷ£Խ¥磿ô£ָ׿ʲôϵ
Ĭûڡ
ĸҲ鲻ѣǻ£Ȼȥɡ
ϻҪ˵׿ײźۼӣס죬УǾˣȳԷ˵ָ楴˸кֶŮˣͷǼ氡
極ͷ׿ֳ뿪
ĿһȥӰֱҹɫûתĸǸղ˵ʲô˼¥͸ôˣ


12 
ҹɫµҵƻͨⱾһŵܰʱȴЩ죬֪˶ã楲ګګʵ˼Ҫ̣
ĸһĬֵͷĨᣬ˺һŵ˵й涨¥ֻܽɴǰ̷㸸ײٳ֣ϸ£̷岡ţڽ¥£ֵý̵ѧ
ʧҲ㹻׮ˡ
ĺѣҲ游̷ҫԭ¥ҲõԿիˣɾϸ£̷岡ţֲԸֽ¥ҳߣ桭ڵҪôֽ¥˭֪ȥ
ҪôիˣԼȥ¥ȻʵжĲȺѧôʱѡ뿪
һǹĺӣ׿ס
ǰ楲֪£ȷһ¡
ǰȺʱͱ˵ТͬһԼϰӡӹܽ¥Ǹʱ֪¥Ҫԣֻ˵׿׽ˡ
ܾԺ󣬽¥ǻص˸С
зʲôǸʱԶڳֻ֪֪¥ǰһκ
Ȳ˵ȥˣҲܽ¥£⿴ӣǲ̵ġ
ֱӿѯʣôģ
ǡĸ楣Ĭһ˲˵ǵȻ̣Ҹֲûӣʲôȥ˼ҵĺӣǲҲϲϲԼҺӻǲһġ
뵽ǰĸҪĽСͱŤˣҲ֮ͥ⸱ġ
أֿ
ҡҡͷȻҲϣ
Ȼﶼϣ¾ͼ򵥶ˣЦǼ򵥣־ˡҲ֪ʲô¥ϱУҪǸԺ֣ٻǡ
㣿ĸסˡ
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Ȼǣ̷
ȻԴͳȴ֮ѧҪɽ۽ˣɽ򣬴󲿷Ů˵һǳͳ׼ȻŮɽ⻹Ů˹ŲһƿĿջһλ˿ģԱߵĲ̯緹ҲŮ˿ģҲйŮ˵
ˣŮ˴˾¥
ֻǡ̫ˡ
楣֪ǰдӺ͹ܽ˵ľ飬ɴ¥ɡĸ˿ڣԣ¥ʲôʵ̫ˣôð楳Կࣿڽ¥ĶǸ游ˣǿɲѰˣҪ¥û˹ˣŷ㡣
̷ҫҵӣҶҲǰˣɼˣү¥ʱҲûٱ˵ѡ
ҲǺճʦˣű¥Щ˽ɡ
Ҳ̾һ䣬һҪǲϿ㣬Ͳ㣬֮ǰ̷¥ѧͽʦ˵õϿɣǲſĻ
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򵥡Цü΢̣Ҹˣǳ˵ôãϵĲҲˡ
һ˵ӣʰòߡ
楡ĸȴסˡ
ʲôüͷ
極ӰǸӰôЩܰȥĲȴᶨɽ籩Ҳ޷ǰеĵ·
㻹ǵ֪楲Ůʱ˵Ǿ仰𣿡
ͻȻķĸһ¡һᣬĸŻع֪º޵ĳҪˣǵ˵ҪǰԸҪʲôҶʲôҶͬ⣬ֻҪϻ
ɫ
֪ˣ̾˿ȥķûӰȴԾƼǸŮһǰӰ֪˶ãſڣȻȥɡ
ǡ
ǴСҳܵҼ棬Ǹ楳Ҳ̫֡οҲӣȥȥˣˣǸüĿº͵ؿԼӣ˫Ŀͨ죬ˮЦָ̧˲˲ǵİ楲ڹеȸ
ĸȻֻദ첻ӣҲ⻰˵ò
極ȷʲôӡ
鷢ڣ̹Ȼݵ
ˡ
ȻҪֱյӥǾػӥˣһӥˣܻصǻУɻ
ͷƽ顣
Ѿ˳ϵĲ˷ŵһڹţȻѲӳʲô˱ȽϺãԼԣЩҳıãﻹаֻϴɾļ룬ˡ
һֳȻǿѧǰͻкһλ˼Ҹѧġ
˼ʹ޶ŮԾĴˣ極һμʱһС˵һӲˣȻһۣѵòУֱǮҲûվͰ˸˳ȥ
С˵ǵ⣬ûûأ˱ڵϣŶˡ
Ҳֻҡҡͷһȳһմ뿪
楿ȥȥ˴򣬼ָǮǶµˣ쿴ˣҲ֪þ뵽Լĸ̲סȰһ䣬˼ңԺˣҿ⣬Ǿòóԣ뿪ǣα׺ЩģҪҪˣ
С⻰˵òԣȻ˾¥ƣȻҪÿ⣬˵Ҫ㱾¶ûУʲôʸǰѵ
楴ǰ֪С㣬ټ̫̫ҲԹ磬ȻмҲ֪ʲôô⣬һСϵĳʦֺαضëã
ȴ˵κһʦǰѵʱӦĻ⣬ʿʹǱʹǾˣѧӵʹǵǿ۹ũʹֳóԵʳ߹ʦȻҲʹ
Сʲô׷𣿡
ǸʱȤ˵׷ˣȥ˼ûУҪۣ̫ѿʹʧˡȻûУ͸ͷӰɣͷӱĲ˵һûܱȣߵģԵģ㿴Σ
͸̤ó̡
ȥطҲؿ࣬˽̻ԣֽ̻ڵ谲ǵʱǳԵһطĲˣһ°Ϊһ·óԵĲȵһλ
ϧǶٷ˾ˡ
뿪ʱ˵һ仰˵֪ôûȥ˻ȥɣϲֻдܾˣһõĳʦҲԡ
óʦı¡
ҲȷͷԸ谲ǿһʳˣҲ¡ֻûһġ

档
ЦŴӹļг˼Ϊ˱ˣ£ȫζѲʢһ״ӰӱԵ۲
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ö֮楾Ҳϰˡ
ǰð΢ĳ޲˲֪ǸпʲôһЦ˺˷һЦŰѲ˶˳ȥڲԵķޣůһҹ̤ǻͷ𴽽ǳЦˡ


13 
ĸѾʰˣ極æͷȥûƼ˾ŵһŨζҲ֪ǹʱûԷ˵ζֻôһţӾġ
ȻʮԭҲ㹻ˡ
⻹һʧ̬ΪһԼһ֮ƤȻͺһû˵ĸǲʲôһߴչȥæһȥǵ״Ĳˡ
⣬Ǽ⣿ǵˣɫЩȡ
ɽߵ˼⣬ǰопŽһˡгУҲȥ˹ͷֻ⣬еֻдĴָСˡɫȫ
˵ĸˣȥͷһμ
ЦŽӹǼ⣬
ĸŮڲˣҲûţʢ˵һ䣬ŵϡ档
ĸҲϡô
ǰ·ʱԹĲˣǸʱҲ֣ѲʢӵļģЦƹ߹˵⼦Ϊζͷһ׾ơһ͡һͣˮմȡô֡
һˮļȷΪ˱ǻζ
úóԻǵƼֱȡȣǱߵҲڡ
ȳ楽һ󣬰˷ǰ
ĸֻҴǰнĳӣҲûʡ
ʼȥ˵ʱǲõģܸɴǰҲֻ֪С㣬ʲôź򣬼ֻҲֻЩѰڵģƼ˵ʱ˱ıӡ˿˿ȥԡ
˲֮⣬ҲҪʱ̫̣̫ۣʱ䳤̫񣬶㲻úãˣյúܺãἦ⻹̷ء
ԼҲżԣ°ͿĸǳһڲЦʣô
óԣĸղųԵ̫죬Щ̵ͷˣ˵ЩͣæݹȥһյˮЦε˵ԡ
ĸЦ£ҲȺ˿ڲǹð£˫ؿ˵óԣ⻹ҵһγԵôóԵļ⡣
ǰʦĲѾóˣ˻ǲһЩ
Ц£ȥ
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ԣȥȥҪǾˣǾͲɡĸҲŷ¿ӣ̧ȥ極ͷɫᣬ㲻ðѹֻҪϲͺãء
жû˺˵ĻˣصѹֻҪϲ
ʹΪֻǾú棬ԸԸӦκҪ󡭡極ȻΪһ˾Ͱѵշˣʱ˾Ѿˡ
ǿƽղعھһΪĲݣͨͨԾţǣ۾ȻЩȡ
ԸƼԼᡣ
գգۣЦҲ˵ĻĸԼһӣ˵Էɡ
ҲԡĸҲЦŸһӡ
楿׷ϵ鼦⣬ˮ׷žʳָ󶯣ʵʳǿԣʲôǳԣʹǰв˿ĳ˵ãҲûжá죬ǵȷеˣϵĶǴĵĶ
楴ļŽڸܵǸζʱĳ΢૵óԡ
⺢ӡ
ĸûĲԾЦһ䣬Ҳų
꣬Ҳˣ˺üﻹ˵ţԡ
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ĸ̾˿ǴӦˡ
ĸŮ˵ߣյԺӾͷ˵֮ͥڲڰ
ϤǸźɫĸˣҲﳣߵҪûǴĻλǻ
ϵûʲôɻ䣬ĸӦһЦǺŽˡ
ĸˣﲻŹ۽ӻʲôģÿﶼŵرĶҲڣ˵Ƕͣ˽Ų
λúãԺҲƽʱϲ죬СŮǳģҲ֪˻ӭĸҲԥţҪҪǽȻȥ
ȴѾЦкλãҰջ˵ء
ûһӣȥǵ衣
ĸҪæûãԹߡŽվĸ߿뿪ķ򣬵Ʋ˲ŵ˵С楿һ㶼֪ҵǧ𡣡
ǱΪһС㣬ҪǽС㣬Ҳĵطˡ
˲Աȣ֮ǰǸĶˡǿûһ磬ʹѾ뿪Ρ
ĸϻЦ䣬Цһ٣ԼųģҲԸȥ˵ʲôкǣɡ
ʱ򣬸ǵĻѾӡ¥ĹȨɡһʲôĹǹڻеģµĲ
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˵һЩǼﲻЩӰ˵ģСùùˣҪȢģԺզ

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Ӵʲô裬ô㣿żζ˹ȥ฾Ҳſȥŵеӵζ
ĸǰæ
Ц˵ӣñǻƤ󿪵ģǳЦŸÿ˵һյ
Ⱥƽߴֻȴַ°ϲ˲ǳĹ趼ô໨˵СӹһڣƽճԹߵӣڲͬζ
Ҳɬǲϲˬ˺˻ȡ
楰˲٣ϲЦͷС
˵ѳøĸǣԼȥ˵Ҫߣ˵ѽС楲ˣ
ţ
ͣЦŻͷʲô
ڸҸ࿴󣬿ɽҲûʲôĹǡմޣû˵ͱסӣǺɵˣСǰʶʲôˣܼ޹
˵ֺ楸С楱ģǺͿˡ
ֺģ˵ҲҺͿˡ
楿ЩΪпǵˣЩҲԽˣû£Ǻģ뵽ԼĴ㣬ЦҲٳ֣ƿ࿴ǿ۹𣬱׸ҵС㶼Ȣ
˵΢ģҲδ˵ЦŸ˸ֺĸ˵ȥһá
ĸæӦһ
ߺ฾˲ѹֱӺ˸ղֱҲǣСûȢòϲ£ƿ
С氮Ц׸ҵСôܼ޸СУپСжãҲܸһˣҪЩܿʿ
ͷѧӶأСŵڼ˵Ȣ׸Сˡ
뿪ķ򣬳ʵ
ʲôĸ
̻عæûʲôǾС楸СǺͦģп


17 
ѧؼҵʱ򣬻հѲãУһ߲һЦźˣˡ
šеͷŵһԵļϣǰæʢϷŵһֻİʵʲô
ҽӲ裬ҳŲ͸˵㡣ֺһ磬ʮϲĴˣ˵߿䣬ջÿĻ뷨ͷҸѻ뷨Կ
Щв
ˣҲû˵ʲôֻеЩȡһЩСģǴǰλС㣬һ𳤴ƽҲˣҲûſڱտڰ˹ϡ
¡
߸ջŮͷľžͱˣеͷŮϲںá
ϵĶһ٣Ա߿ȴûƼӰȥˣŴ̧۳ͷһŷϵĶͷߡ
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ϻº͵Цһ䡰áճھƼһɫӰ
˺ܸߣֻؿڣͷܿü︹һ䡰ôʲôһ̧۳˿أ
ڳ
еһͦÿˣڿ̰ţͦ˴ġС楾ǵϲȻϱӵľǰҲÿˣӣһ㶼ٸӣҲôӣĲ˵ݸΪüЩˣ°ͣüܲ˵˵ѽ
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ʶʮ꣬ͬҲкü꣬ѾòˣãֱӳְĲ˷ϣ˵ֲô䣬ʮֹ̣ǰ˯һŴʱֻҪڣů¯Ҳˣһٺ楰Ѳ˷ŵоջ֣ղŻһĮ˴ʱͫ΢ţν˶ڼУЦһˣǵҶ֡˵껹ʮȻطԸͷǵðҼҲӻ
˵ת뿪ˣûһӡ
ͽдվԭأĿ⻹ԼǰϣСͲ̫̫ĽӴȻʼոһϣŮǴС֮ͥȻֶһ㣬ֻҪ񿴹ȥҲȥˡ
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֪˼ഥȻֻһᣬҲ㹻ˣæ
磬ôˣ뺰һûأ˹δ쳣ĿɨĲˣһ˵ļθĲ涼ˣǺʵʵ͹𣿡
š
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ʹܹ˵ĽӼãٲȻÿİýܵķΧˡ
ȻǰЩҲ뷨ӻȥˡ
ųĬĻУҲҶӣС˵磬ҪǻȥɣȻԣ
̾˿԰ɡ
ͻȥǲˣȥЩ͹ȥˡ뻹ԥҶӣԼȼһӣڵʱɫ΢
ʵĲϵȫͬǰĿζ׾ֱܷⲻʦĸġȻҲֱˣȵ𣿡
дסԼǰʧ̬˵ܰɡ
һӵǲˣοʵ̫óˣһ߳һƵ۾˵ƳѾҲԿ˵ĻˣͷЩ۵ĻǰǲڳԷʱ͸ģȴЩ̲ס磬˵ֽ¥𣿡
š
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ţԡ
뵹δ룬˵˿ԣҲˣЩĽ˵ãʲôȥʲô
Ҳԡп˵
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üůɫâڻйѵչƽʱº࣬пӣһһغ˵ҲȥģʲôֻҪ롣
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֪ǲΪ極ĳԼ˵Ҳı˺ͼദķʽʻ룬ʲôҪ𣿡
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пļ⶯һ٣һᣬҲ˼һӡ

ҲڳԷ
ģԭ뻻ˣĸʾλڸˣ𴲵ʱԹҹҳԵöҲˣﻹҪ֮Цֲ֧Ȼһء
ͣˣƽһģˣЦԼĺ룬һ㡣
楼㲻ưǰ㣬ЦϲȻͷٸɲٳˣһĲųҪġ
лҳһ㣬ϵЦȴסˡ
ĸԭʰ꣬⻰ҲͣˣĿⵣǵسһֿۣ楣Цӯӯģſ˵Щʲôֱˡ
楾͵ûƼǵʧ̬°ͼ˵ҴСĽи磬ڽ긮мòѣʲô¶иǳǸʱҾ룬Ҫиöá
һԼ£ĸǰʲô飬ᶼĿϡüʵˣүС㲻𣿡
֪ӵºȥЩľͷ˶˵֪ҵү˺ǶµСҲǺǰ楸ǽ긮μ楻еۣ
ЦЦ
𣿵Ҳ˵ʲôòõģ¾һܵܺһãܵԽģӲĹϵô˵أ̸ʲôûϲǸɵӣҲϲǹܽ
΢Ů󣬸͸̸Ϲϵˡ
ЩҲûҪõֻ֪˵һ䣬ҴСĸģЩ֡
һҲ͹ˡ
ĸ׷ü˵ȴѾЦһһܻҺܸˣҲˣȻѵ
ùǸСӡ˵ҲЩʱˣԼĺӣֿܴЦӯӯü̧ۣ֣ЩϰߵͷԺǻ㡣
ĸŸŮۿ죬۽ǣҲָ極ͷ࣬˵ԣԺǻ㣬˭Ҳ۸㡣
˱۸ҪҼ˿ߵˣⷬЩݡ
գգЩʪĽëЦӦá

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ʼߣڵĽŲҲ
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ü
˵ŶӦþܽ£ƫҪˣΪʲô
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Ŷˣżժ˸ӣȻʯţһ߰һʣô
ʲô
ѽ楳һӣֵ治ӶͦµһԵʯϣӵţʣζô
ֳĬһ³һ֣ɡ

楾øÿһ󴮣͸һ֣һ㶼ûȤҪһͻȻһ仰ĳʮҲͦ˵ģЦţԹЦˣͲôˣվҪߵʱԼűߵӣͻȻһι
ţ
ţ
һпһӣֽסüҪѯʣڴŮЦӯӯһ䣬ӵĻ񡣡
⻰˵꣬楱Ჽ뿪ˡ
ĽŲϸĻ߳һ׽ϸҥŲͺֱ߳ˣջĿеϡ
ЩΡ
ҡҡͷȴҲûӶ£һӣһҲɢ경Сȩ̀Լߡ

ա
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18 
ֳƾݣιξĹʹܾǰǨ˳ʷĺۼеģٳˮذͨݵа˸ʮء
긮ΪݵĸǾعﲩһˣ˴ɽ¥óʱ
ƽնիһߣٳţǰ¥ʲô£̷ҫֱ˵ھ¥ҲõҪǽҪ楳Ҳóĸǲʱͻһˣ˶̯Ӷ࣬ҲҪǱ߱࣬ÿ¶һۼ쵽˱кͷʲôĵط˵ڽ긮楴ǰȥô඼Ƕš¥ǿطٻ
Ҳͦ˼ġ
Ҳһʱ·̣ͬһƬʮ꣬ûһβĻᣬǸ͸˵׮£ⱲӶ֪Լĸĸˡ
楣쿴Ǿǽ¥ĸָǰ˸߲ҵغ˵
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ƺҲЩ£ǿҸ̾游ڵʱϣܰѽ¥󣬿ϧ
δͣ£Կ˵еʣȻϲ游Ϊʲô壿Ȼϲ׿һңҲȷͦģΪʲôĹء
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ȴǳĬһ˵ҵΪֵǽܵġ
楶ˡ
ΪֵܷĿܣԺȱֱӹ涨ü̳Ȩʡٳ£˵Цס֣游ҪŮɺˡ
һĵЦҲû棬ֻЩ˵ΪȤɢ˸ɾЦǺӦһ˵һˡַ߳Ů¡

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ͷ䣬ͷЩˣͷһʮˡȻüëˣһ˫۾ȴ·ĲҲأսضǸϵ׳Ľ
ǹ̳˹һ񣬿к塣
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治ǣѾ˾ܾأĻȡһء
ܵһ׼ƿ֮ûʲôʱ䡣ȴдˣƿ֪ʶȻء
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19 
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ԭϵĿεؿҲûȰȻ䣬Щáصλ̧̧֣Ϊ˵֣æǰһɤ˵˱Ц˵λҪڰʱ꣬ɺ󣬻ǵƳԼλǽ¥һƷ֣Χ۵ˣͷҲḽһСƱ»ò͵ʱֻҪṩСƱŻݡ
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ڽ¥ȻˣЩžʱˣЩʱ˼ģ˼ƵСͷһȦˡ

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ĸҲûɿ極֣Ÿ˺üɫܾÿǷ楣ڿʲô򣬼ƤףʲôɫѹסҪţҪÿɫһƥˡ
ȸ꣬ĸָͲ֪ܵȥ֮ͥ˼ƥһֱվһԵǵĻУЦų֣СУ㿴ϲʲôɫҲһƥ
Ҳû;ܾˣˣӣС
ĸҪ֣楾Цס֣῿ĸļϣЦ˼ҲҪͱˣ˵ôù𣿡֪еӣƽ˼ҵĺãû취ܾͷضӱȥСԼÿͰ͵ģҪټӱǸɸĸ
һ¡
Ҳ÷һζذԼ뷨ãҪȻֻ˸ࡣ
ĸĻҲټˡ
Ҳһֿһ῿ĸϵŮӣŮüۣòٲʱĶׯȴһǸƶ˵ŮӺ·ЩˣſžЩʧֱߴһ䣬Ҫʲô
ѭȥ
Ůվǰͷ˵߰ɣȥ򡣡ҲлҪͬ˵


21 
ĸ˵һ, 楺ͻо߳˲ꡣĸԣСųĺӣƷʲôû˵, Ű楣Ȼģѡòƥƹ񽲼۸ˣҪȥƼһգգͷ
ʲôأһҲһͷҲûƼʲôϡ
ûջĿ, 뿪ֱ˵ӰʧȺ, ջĿ⣬ĸûоð楺Сദе㣬Ȼˣ
ϴի;ˡ
СͲˣиո߹ȥС˵ղվһģǢʮֵǶ, ˱͸ˣ楻ҲżգСദûأôĸأ
ĸûô뷨, ỹü, һֵؿ, ȻһŮһѧ̧ͷͷ, ѲɻñŤŤźãֿ飬ͻȻһ⣬æ㲻ѰСаɣ滹ڼҵʱͶͷϧʮСУСҲû˼
û뵽ڰ楻ˣ˼ˣ
ĸɫ԰ףŲƥֶˣϲУԼŮŻûˣҲܻͷĸֱȥšĸ첲׻˼棬ûŪ̫ѿѹ͵ѾԳĲˣҾ㣬極£Ҹ˭֣
ʲôʲô޸˭ͼ޸˭㲻ˣҲһ
֪ϲСУҲϲ⺢ӣҪǸҺҲʰ㣡Իʮ綼Ӽûѧ廨ѾĹˣҲǺˣƢˡ
ʹˣЩռ޸ʱҲûٶ֡
ͷ˶˵Ƣã£ͷʵüƽϣһЩֵǮ͸ˣҪǣĵߣɲȥ˭棡
˭涼ûŮҪ
ദʮˣȻ֪Ƣԡ
ǰճɻʱûٱĸš첲ͷױʥ飬˵ˣ˶ᣬʱָ˲˵䡰⸾ˡȻָսҪĸûûϴ·úƤȥġ
ᱻ˴ͥڳ첲ҲЩƼƹ񿴹񣬶һźѹɤ˵ͷأôӡ
̾˭˵ҴˣҾǡ뵽û˵֤ˣҾϲСУҲ˰極뷨
ĸ֤ɢˡ
ûصһۣոճԷʱ˵ҲģԼҲǣ˵Ҳ˿ڣֱӾҿɾˣ楺˵ʲôҪ֪ҡ
˵ֺݺšĸ첲ʹͺ֪ˡźһŲƥȥۡ
ôһĽּ۵ʱ÷ǳɣԤĻһЩĸȥŮõĶʲôʲôʲôͷеģҰ楶У

楲֪ﻹһ߳꣬ʻУʲô
γҪΪǼ飬ȻǸ㶫ӾˣѯҲʵʵΡ
楿һۣһϴö췢ˣԼƥ᲻򣬵øδ磬һˣЦЦȥӣ뵽Щļ۸ͣ²ӣڵĻпɲպλκ¹Ķ뵽⣬楱˵Ҹոտи̯ӵβ߰ɣȥ
˵žᲽǰ
иߣ˲൫Ҳ٣極ӰȺüԭЩģԥһ˲Ǳ߿һЩĬĬȺ
ûע⵽ĶĿǰſ˵׵£˼
ʲô
еͷЩ˼
ҲǸղſľٶлеŷӦ˵֪ϱӵ£˭Ҳܱ֤ǻûʶǼ꣬оûϲˣ
˼أ
˵ˣպУ࣬檣Ҳ
極ûʲôóĵģйһҲ͹ȥˣҲӦԼˣòõģҪҪģӦǻԼϲźãİȥЩ¡
вϲġΪáûᷳ
еû뵽Ȼ£һ˵û£ҡҲȷϲʮָмЩǵĺ⣬ЩʱȴΪĸ
Ը֮һ򵭱ҲûдȢӡ
Ƿǰ
ֻΪΰƶܸС
һۡ
ſʣƼ̧ͷļȴջĿ⡣
㲻ͺá楰˵ˣҲ࣬˿ϵЦҲһЩƼ̯ӾڲԶҲ£߰ɣȥ
ϲʲôѽ楱ʣ ӣӣ
šüЩ˽⣬ǰҲǵ˵ʲôʲôѯʱͷһۣӰɡ
ľʡ
мһֳĬˣƺϲá
楴Ҳ뵽óЩˣΪػͷһۣģһ㶼֪õϲáҲûԹԸСľѹסӰɡ
ɫľͲ
һͬɫĶˡ
ֺǽЩģڻ͵˶ԣÿʺϲҪģʻУô
ֻһ۱ͳǮʵң٣
楿ĿɿڴȻдӺɰͳǮס֣ǲɵһѾؿŻУȫûע⵽ԼĶνҲһţѹɤ˵̯ϵĶ㲻۸ֱӸ

֪̯ϵĶҶʨӴ󿪿ڣȻûϱʱҫˣȻͼˡ
֪пס極һۣԼתͬҽۣţӺͶ˵¡
ֲЦˣЦʮġ
ǵǸţղžƼ˵ĶˣСｲ۵ҲСͦ˼ģСһԾ֪ǮСӿŸŮƵģһûֹۣƫƫװģЦʵС˶ѽ
⵹ǰ楸סˣҲͷ̯ϵӺͶҪټ۸ø̯ҲʽһӣҲſڣһӿ𣿡
˵ƼŲ˵Ϳһּۻ۵ﲻЩġ
Ѳ˵̫ˣǰţǸոձѵⲻӵĻУ楳ҪҪټӵ㣬ЦСһ̯ɣ
楲˼Ӧ˸ǡ
һҾ֪ı飬˵߸ǰװҾͲǮˣһһɡ
֮࣬ҲЩˣ⻹ͷһοء
䣬ʮȻתͷӻеĺɰһӸţȴֶסˣһǾ˪ģոΪ˼۸ͦ˵ͻȻֱóĬӹװõΣְӵݸˣЩʱһ仰˵
߰ɡ
ҲѾعˡ
˵κ黹ЩȻǴ極нӹӡ
極˵ͷ˼ͻȻ˵һ䣬¡˵ҲûܻУ»ص̯ӣһӣЦŵһӸţҲû˰װֱǸӾߡ
һֱڵȻƼŵⷬҲƼϵԼϵЦݡ
߰ɡ
ѾߵеˣǰĳĬʱǸˡ
еͷǲⷬΪ
ҲԼֵⷴģһ͵ͷ̯ϵļ۸񺰵øߣһ϶ý۸񰡣ſͦˣҲףԡ
᲻˳ԿˣͰܻȥǿǿһӣǮܡ
ӵȷͦÿġ˵ţ黨תһȦǰɢҼͷô
Ӻ͸ͬʽֻɫͬǷɫɫ
пǰŮʱǡԭɢߣڼϵ̳ŷһһεģԼ©һģĿ΢æͷܿעӣ˵ÿ
ûһҲ֪ôˣڰʡ
û˵£߱˵ˣԺһȥ͸Ǯǵý¼۸񣬲Ȼ˼ҿִ󷽣˭Լ۶ˣ¿̫᲻˿˵ȴͷͷǵиҲ˼˵ʲôʲôڴǸҲİɣŶ󰡣ʲô䣬ˣӣ㶼ܸŪһͷˣÿ͡
š
Ӧȴûס˸ۣӦôʲôãø˵ˣ߰ɣҵҲˡ
иɲɫȺĿȴؿϵӣһÿһ˵ӵȷܺÿ
ƤԭͰףɫĵƤԽѩףйģķ顣
ûס¡
æۣԹһᣬ̧ͷٴο極ʱѾûǰļ¶յΪǰ˵Ƿ´Լδ͡
ԺǸƶ˵ӰѾʧˡ
ǰģֻɽ楣һּۻۣ˼ֻǮˡ
ʱĸѾˣСһѣû˿ھǰӹ١
ĸ˵ǰһ٣ԻȴǴǰǸӣûаϣЦʲô֪ȥαЦ極֣Ҳ˲٣ͷ㵽Կ
ЦӦá

Ȳɹ꣬һ˱㳯¥ߡ
Ѿ˷ˣղֺľ¥ʱûôæµˣСȥ楾ȥ٣˱ȥ£ŵʱֻлڵ
˱šüʣҵأ
п˵жˣȥˣھ¥¡
аɡ
ǽȥɡ˵һȽ˾¥
и
¥ûʲôˣС˲㣬ڿλ÷˱һϵĲˮЦʣӲûˣ
ûˡ
СЦˣЩ˻Ǯȥˡ
ͼӣôˡЦЩΡ
Ҳ֪˰̰ʵģ˵зңɲǰ˶ˣ֪ǽ¥ǵһ֡Сû飬˵Ҳ飬һ߸˵һЦӯӯ˵Ż
Ц֣˻شȥˡ
еҲпλ̷Ȼûý¥ڹⷽ棬ȷǺˣһôӪҵľ¥ĽȻһ©û
ڿʲô̧ͷʱƼߵĻüһط
˳Ŀ⿴ȥƼԶվţȻԶҲܹ˵ӰȻ׿׺ƽ
üȴûж죬ֻǿһ۾ջĿ⣬һƵسˡ
㲻ȣȻƼˣʱȲҲȣü
楰ѿеĸȥشһ䣬Ȱ
п
Ǿȵӡ
ҲûѸ㶼ˣóһ˹ز죬ſŻ΢šüЦͦȵģҿʼΪƽֻǵˣû뵽滹ôһԵʡ
ʵڱ֮ǰͲƽֵĵˡ
ǸʱΪλĴֻǿսĶҰˡ

û뵽
°ͿŴ⣬׿׺ƽվλúΣٶǶվŵĵطѱ˷ƫƫɣŵλǸǣƲǣȴǺͷ״
˲֪˵ʲô
׿һƽɫҲÿֱӲɢ
楿ƽ뿪ƽִʱݺǽ棬ſţûסһҲȥ׿Ǹӣͷյš
вǶµˣ˿̣ȴûסʣô
ϱϰߺˣᵹҲͻأһǲֱ𣿡üЦ֪ô
ƽҪ֮£Ҳν
б뷨˵Ƶģͺڸ۽軨ȽƵģֻҪ䣬ȻҲݲ
䡣
ƽ¥ɫʮѿδ楻ˣһҪߵʱȴһŮʦ
ŲȻһ١
ѭȥƼ߰Ůʱɫ΢䡣
ȴûһϹЦҲ䡣
ƽ˿£᲻ҿˣӦһߡ
楼뿪ҲЦջۣƼ߻лüʣʲô
û˵ĸˣͷǣվҪȥʱѵ׿˲򵥣Сĵ㡣
ڳվ֪Լλֲˡ

ŻеӰۣҲѹɤʣǲ֪Ҹȥˣ
нŲһ٣Щؿһ楣ƺû뵽ʡ
ԭֻǲ²⣬ʱŻģ϶ˣȻ֪
£֮ͥδܣֻǴǰҲû˵楼Ҳû
ʲô
ȥľˡ


22 
Ϊһ, 楻س·һֱ¡
λ̣Ǵκʣһλձ, óƺһȻҲǴǰˡĸңλĸĵֶӣ˵ڳڽ긮ʱ, żǻĸȥסһӣȻİ
ο, ûǰЩ£ԭǸü޸֮㣬˵Ļǵóƺλһˡ
û뵽ȻȥͶͶľӡ
λľӣǲģΪ˿˼, ľҲǴκмһ֧ٲᱻ۸
ĸԴû˵һ仰ѯʵ楣ʲô
ڶԭ˵, ҲĿϡ˼, Ц̧, û¥¡Ȼ˵˵ȹٻߵȱ˵ˡ
ֻҪ֪ǰȫľͺˡ
ǰڲ֪µҲ, ò˶ãҲûһˡ
ʱ
ôѡɡ
ĸδ룬ֻȰҲҪ̫࣬ʲô½үүȥͺá
Ҳŵͷԣүүڽ¥ʮˣʲôľ
ȻӦá
ƳĻУһ·ȥżشĻһֱǣˣίʵÿĳ͸ĳϣԭ˫ĮķҲӳԡ
ȷˡ
ʹӣҲΪ
ƺĿ⣬̧ûһܻӣšüԼȲͷܿעӡ
üҲջĿ⣬Ĵɫȥ
ûһ͵ˣĸǷ㣬ƽͷྐྵҲȥˣаǰѶͽ˼ţҪ뿪ʱסҪݵ楣¡
ţͣһװʮ־µУ֪װʲôիĸ㣬۸ˣոнȥ˲٣ΪҪ͸ʲôҪĹʽ񡭡һʮعصվһӳ֡
ҵģˡ
һѵýһ䣬˵л񡣡
֪ʲôƢԵˣ楻ûסЦδӹǱֿЦӯӯʣһ˾ͻһիĸ㣬У᲻ˣ
Ҳ˵üһ΢ӣеҲڰգûջء
楿ʹǰǸҪ࣬ϵȴѾʮˣһĳȣһһġִ
ǰǸȰҩˡ
Ҳ֪ģһҲһЩҼУûȥ԰ɡ
ﶼ̰ڳԵġ
ȴǸִģգͲˣԱǸ˵ģѾˣǸǵġ
楿ĿΡ
ˡ

Ȼˣվհɣο֮øͲˣβգҲҵĲˣˣҲУйúܣһ˿ɲֵģͷҸͲˣɲܾܾ
˳üš
ȴܾĻᣬԱ֣һûģҪǲͬ⣬ⶫҿɲա
еһδǰ˵ûǿھܾҲ̫֣ܾĴˣЩҲͲˣƫƫǰˣȲηĵĮҲľܾ뵽ʲôʲô
ʹֻദء
ҲѾºµĹϣţھܾ϶ǲġ
楿Žüˣڵǲ֪ܻˣĿһضƺЭʲôˣôܻΪĳĬ͸ı뷨ҲûΪҪ˵ǸãϾͬⱾǱȵ컹ѵ£ɿ֣Ц˵ʵ㲻ͬ⣬Ժһǻ͵ģҲôᡣ
˵ԭ΢üšԽˡ
ȴܺõĽӹУˣˣȥɡ
ĸʰ궫ͷ楣ͷ󣬿ЦӦһ̧Ҫ뿪ʱڶˣͷǵøҿţҪⶫͷ˵꣬Цеػ˻УвֱԺȥ
ôôãվԺͷĸףʲôիģⲻС𣿡
ǰ˵˼ǼҵĲˣТǵġ
⺢ӣ
ǲ˲ֵǮҲǣôˣУҵøȥ
˼Ҷˣûȥ˼϶ռòˣҸ͹ȥͷԽԽԶЦҽǴŹǻе⣬öѽ
Ҳ֪վ˶òת뿪
صҡ
Ѿպ÷µˣ̷߻Цվˡ
šаĶݸ
ʲôЩؽӹӣƼǰװϿիӡ£ʱסˣһϲҵĸ㣬ǰõʱÿػؼҶЩϧãҲܾûгԵˡ
ῴУϲĵЦ뵽۸񣬲ü˵ôôĸ㡣
׬Ǯף᲻á
¨߱߿οû£԰ɡ
ЩǷ˲ծǲãЩծѾˣεĻòỹܶἸļ۸񣬻֮ǰԼļϼҲһʲСĲƸˡ
ϲ»ٸ򡣡
ϣҡҡͷƲ˵ãֲСˣԶ˹ġˣҲȷϲЦҽ찴̵ķӲ裬ͷҹ翴ʱӲԸ㡣
뵽ǱʮַζӲ裬ʧһ˲Ӧá
˽ݣĶŵϣ˸磬ȥ¥ô˳𣿡
һˣ˳
뵽¥ֹ˳ֻӽ¥۶ˡ
˳˵
Ҿ֪һеģЦ˿ȥڶӣͷķӻͬɫһ˿Уֿ˿ĺӡ
ڸԼ裬պһھƼ˻Ŀ⣬ôˣֿһĺӣ΢΢üϲ
æϲ
ֻӣЦʮģҺϲ
ǿһ㶼ǸģÿθЩǼȹֲÿƫƫֲ˵ÿ˵Ժˣ绹Ϊ᲻ãͷվɣ¸ģֻմš
ΡĪõˣ
мЦݵȷҪȴǰ֪࣬õȷ⣬ϲͺá˵ֳһᣬŻ˵ԺҪǲϲǵú˵
ţ
һ
п˵Ҳ֪ЩϲЩ㲻ϲԺҪвϲģֱӺ˵
ŷӦЩƺû뵽Ȼ˵Ļ֪˼ҵôģ磬Ȼ簮Ҳоֻǵﻹŵʱ򣬸Ҳûк̫׽
˼ҵС޻ֻڵ֮ͥ磬˵ʱ򻹻ͷ
ɸ
𣬸һֱӣºȴ裬Сʱ򶼲Ϊ粻ǵġ
ʲôı˸磬ϲڵĸ磡
áЦŴӦԺϲģһ˵ġ
в֪ЩӦ˵ͷȥһ죬ϴٳԷȳԣȥϴ¡
Ҳҡҡͷҵȸһԡ˶ڹţҲ䡣
Ҳû˵ġ
ȻȥϴüʰԼĪӣŸӦÿϴˣȥѹŵķ˶˳һԼһġá
֪ˣСܳȥ
ţϹЦ뺰һƼϵֻӣӡһٿȻӦԭ첻ƹˣǺһȥˣ
ôˣ楼һգգԼɺЦʲôණ𣿡
ûûУͷҡø˹һſʣ־̫ͻֻܿĲˣ΢΢üôͲˣﶼеģʵڲá
楶㲻֪

£ʲô
ȴû˵ֻЦӯӯذĲ˷ŵϣ̧ͷԼȥյڵø磬Ÿչʱϵͱҹȡˣ˼ûſڵϰߣмţƵ·紵Ƥ䣬һ䣬ҲŻĸ첲ȥҲȥˡ
˵뿪˿Ļʲô
ӿ뿪Ӱ極ĻͷԵعŽݡ
С
ѾϴˣҲѾѷ˶˳ˡ
һѣɫ£Ƽͷİɫ£Ϊϴ裬ķβЩʪ죬ͷƻճ
ŵĲˣĿ΢٣ȴҲûж˵³֣Էˡ
ӦһãԷʱ򵽵ûסſӣ̧ͷСʣ磬˵ʲôѽ
гԷĶһ٣ȴûлشֻ򴽣ûʲô԰ɡ
Ҫǰ϶ǲҶʵġ
ڡ
͵͵۸øҲûʵǸǺһȥҿӺҵһ
š
Ȼ
Ź⣬ʣƼ̧ͷģͫڣ̴ֻ˵ͷæͷǷ
п⸱ģĿ¶Ρ
һϻۣ²ʵģʵԼò˼飬Ȼһֻм֮Ե޿κΣǸˡ޷ܾħ
վڳϣΧ̧ͷӯӯһЦ
ܻǸʱС󣬵һĸܡ

ҹ
ϴڴߵ¡
һ˲ᣬӽ¥ûģͷעЩ¥֧ԽüšԽ֪¥ôӯҪȻҲӵôһ¥סСط
Ҳ̫ӯһˡ
ŵﲻæʱ򿴹¥Ĳ˵
̷ڹⷽȷԼʹߺ󣬾¥ҲԼĸλûΪͻȻæµûҡкܴˣ¥ǰΪƶĲ˵ݵĹˡˣҲûۣȥĳʦ
ƽһλ
Ϊڳľƽһеľ²ϵ¥ҲȷһЩˡƽЩ˶Ǿϸ۸񰺹󻹲ƽʱżһٳʻãҪÿԣ˭ס
ɰסҲס
£Ҫÿͺͣúóԣ壬Ը򵥵İࡣ
˱
楱Ŀαϣϸָһûһµ档
ڽ긮Ƚľ¥һիһζǳб־ԡ
իЩǸݵˣͽ¥ߵͬһ·ӣ˼ҸǲһԲ˶Գˣרſٳ԰ӣ̨ͤˮ鿣ȣÿ컹гϷˣǣͷľǰŵֻŶʮְ˵ǳԷĵط˵;ĵطիÿ껹ٰ첻ͬ͵չͬʿΪԵʣի㶨ٸҲеҪȥﻹҪԤԼûԤԼƾٸ߶ȥǰ楻֪СʱǸȦÿҪٰᣬҾͻȥǰ죬ǰƵġ
Ҳȥء
ζͱȽϴˣ۸ˣҪͨգûȥҲ֣˵ˣͽ긮ļҡ
¥֮䣬߾ϸȲիƫƫְȥӭϱˣ䵽ˡ
üģվ
㣬ĸѾЪϢˣͷʹ˼ͷߣ㴵֮¥ôŪȽϺãʵûʲô̫ıһһȻˣ͵ùܺã˵ȥĺ׳־ҲǺġ
ڻǰһĶֵعܺðɡ
ЦЦǽţû߼ͷҲߣ㣬ȻǿסģŲһ٣ẰһУ
ɽ˯öȽ硣
ǰȣۼһ˵죬ˣǻطЪϢ
Ҳû뵽楻ʱ֡
һ˯ǰɢϰߣɢʱſԼʲô룬ͷҲ˯楳ʱߣʱ˺סΪֱ̫ȻǸһŻش𣬡š
ԭģըˣͻȻƽ£ϵѣϣûµĻĻ᣿
֪Լþܾ
ʹ紾ӣûôིƼһһŮҹ˽Ҳʲô£ҡҲԶЩɻǲ״̬ԣĬһ˲ǿ˿ڣʲô

ʲô
⵹ǰסˡ
ԭҲֻһ˵ҲǷҪţ°ͣͷǽþ¥ʲôط
⻰˵ԼЦˣʲô⡣
뻻⣬˵ԷĵطǶصĵͳɤ
楾شʵĻЦ˵˼䣬ִ˵֣Ľʳ̰߱
ԭɢŵⷬЦһ
ظеĻԭѻеЩ˼·һ˫һ㰲ͻȻվǰ¥ǸԷĵطֻҪóԣ̰Ϳ
ȥôý¥ȥôóԵĲˡ
ó֮
ǰôطԹôˣ˵洫Ҫ£ˣֱ׾٣뵽Լһϵ¾Ȼ˵ͨˣ۾Ź⣬˶˲١
Цź˵֪ˡֵһ䣬л
ȴûһļԵá
ҹ楸ոµû˷Щˣ£ѣ˸ǣˣҪȥ˯ˣˡ
뵽˵壬šüȰҲЩ˯ɣô죬Ҳ䣬ͷ˺ֵóҩ
·ҳһ㣬ȴһ
楣Ժʲôĸˡ
æӦһͻȥˡ˵ѹɤͻ˵ȥ֪ûҲشԹ뿪ˡ
лҪ˵ˣϣ㲻Ҫ
㣺ţ
ˣû


23 
ڶһ, ȥիĸͬȥãһ˴ȥ, һΪ˸ףȻΪ˽¥¡

ЩɽǴ塣
ѣҵңߵİߣɽҲûˡ
ǵʱҶм׵˶Ѿ, ͷһε峤
һ峤極游һθý, һĲٳի¥˲ϣеˡҵ峤壬֣Ҫһ幫
ɩ
󲮸ĸ
ĸһȥ˾˺á
ͷȳ˹˰, Ȼĸ楼ˡ
ϱȻҲǣûôദ˵ˣӦĳƺ, ᱻż, һȥ, ЦĶһ顣
һʮ꣬жģŻɫ̰ĸ
Цס, ϲס˵ˣһֱŵſƼˡתͷĸ˵ɩи楶˵ڽ¥ʦȺ˶շˣŪһззǰɣϣ϶йⰡ
һ˵Żһ߳Ǳ߲ɫһۣȻƼһҧгݵ
вЦ
һ򲻶Ըû뵽ǰվȻڼҵʱߥǿӱŴ󷿹׿ףҪּʱǿӻ汻ƭˣǱۻСۣ׿׵õ¥ļ̳ȨԺҲûǵĺô
ƽ׵˴󷿡
Լǵģֲûӣ˱Ẓ́ˬ쵽ȥ
οԭ֧ҲմϽ¥ıߣǲףÿӽ¥ӯһָǣԼûʲô飬Ҳ֪˲
⼸ǿӲóţԼҲÿڼҪţֱɨˣ
ûô֣ܲ£Ҳùܣԭɴ󷿡ԼϣǲҲʣû뵽ͻȻһҵĹŮ˵Щ걧ˣڱǸѾȥˣǸҲˣû뵽ɩȻѽ¥
ҸҶԶ
ǰϻʱû˵󷿵ĻģͲ˵󷿲ˣ졭Цøˬˣ楰зʲôʱϰ˵ҾͲֱˮ
ȻҲƼϵûȥܣЦùգϲҲȥ¥ͷԾͺá
ѽ۾ԭϣᵹǶ˼ϲЦиŮͣͷҴһǽúúġ
ȻӦá
ЦźѣǱߵʮֲÿˣԴǰûȥӲСӳ쳳ҪҪǸԶ͸˵ˣ˶ûϵҪûշ¥Ⱥˣͽһڹôɲôһ˵㣡
ҹˣͲȺ˲ꡣ
˭뵽楾Ȼôб£˶շˣŪзң˵¥õòˣǰСӯˣ
ᣬȴҲû취ٷˡ
ˣȥɡĸʱ䣬˵һ䡣
極ͷֺͼ͸ͷߣսȥϿűһȺ˴ӵ˵Цĸ楽Ҳʮˣɩע㣬Ǿ¥ʲô˶УŮ˰ҪĻǳ׼ˡ
Ҫŵǰĸ϶ǲϵģ񡪡
΢УŴתͷϿȥ
ϱ˿ɫһһŸЦɩɩʲô
ûʲô
ĸŮʲôʲôҸû˵ʲôҲò˲ġǶϹҲûͷɢĻǰ˵᲻ΪѣҲǲԸѿ񡭡Ҫٺ˵ǣ楣ɲˣ
⻹ĸһ˵
ɫ԰ף฾ȻҲЩȣﵹҲͷλҪ׵ŮҴеĵλˡ

׳
幫˵ȥͿվͷ׿ס
׿һվڴдͩ£ûʲôͷ˱յЩڷ楳ʱЦ̧¶Ǹģá
˫Ŀǽˣһ
װûͦģġ
ǺǶСһޡ
ǰշĿʱ楻ŭȥ񡭡Цӯӯؿ׿ףһɵģ硣
Ϸ⡣
ֻǲмǲᣬҪװģ˭Ӯ˭仹һء
׿׵ͷ߳ʣùҪȥ¥𣿡
Цǰʦ˵ˡ
ʦһϿüȻѾշˣպҲΪ㡣׿˵ʱһֱº͵ЦݣҲ˵¥ʢˣϧ޸Ƽ
пһΪֵôǰ֪ǧôˣѲ֪Ҵ㲻𣿡
΢΢ü¶һֳػģ
ȴ֪̽ˣҲ壬һ̾ģ粻֪ŮҵĲףǰֵùܼҼˣֵѧּգ˵ˣʲô黭ѧǸҪǿģˣȻÿҪѧμ⡣
ҲҪȢˣպɩɩţɵöЩ׿׵Լĸ磬ȻõĿҪͬģ
һŮģȴ׿޻˵
˵껰ƼվǣЦ߹ʲô

תͷ˵Ϲ˵Ļء
ŶЩȣֿһ׿ףЦ룬˵׿ҲǵȢˡ˵ʱƼԶʱºͣԼĵܵܣüԶÿǼֻ񣬻Ӷ͸Ȣˣܲӣ
ĪһͨԶһ
⸱ģҡͷ̾ˣͷ㲮ĸ㿴Щ
׿ɫҲЩӲǿЦ󲮣һȢޡ
ֻƤһ֣˻ˣһĸúð࿴ġ˵Ͳͷ˵߰ɣﻹڵǡ
ȻӦãߵʱ۾˴к壬ټ
ԶӦĿ͸ŮߺŴյ׿ߣСʣ׿ףȢϱˣͱ˺ݺһɣŵõһƼ׿׷뿪ӰӣСߵŮ˳ʲô𡣡Ȼ²ؼŸˡ

뿪
ȥիҲ׼ȥ¥ˣﲻģҪҪһȥҲ֪ãͻȻȥѧϲҪȥΣԼûģʼѧʱϸ˼ˣҲϰ߶һЩˡ
ͬ۴СϤųϲٳ֡
ĸȻ۰ĸʹҹᣬǲ˴ŵģ楴ӼԼһ˯ǻҲ֪Լøĸϲر鷳ˣ»ᱻ˸ߣÿѾӽźʱѾ·Ьڴϵˡ
Ũܵĳȶһ£ЦգۣĿ¶ǵĸˣЦȥ£˵үүأµġ
̫æ½ȥĸû취ֻ
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Цź˺ãͻͲλаСз𣿡
ʮֻ飬æУʦص˲١
極ͷʻ˵ȻУͷݣзҵȵʱźóԣͷǴ˹ԱȽϺá
Ũüۣʮֿ࣬ᵹЩ˼ٺЦⲻҼҷ˲˵ģҾȴȥ˵̾˿ڸӣθڲúܣʲô£˶һȦÿţʲôóԵĸһЩ
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ðҪҼҷ˿ϳԣϰǼҵĻԺսˣ
ЦЦδ˵ģðúдȥ˺
˲٣١֣ɣƽ֮⣬ĸͲȵĳʦٺƽ׷׺ҡ
һý¥׬˲٣Ҳǳķڷ
֣ɣ챻Խ̵Ӳ裬ҲˣЦź˵ҿˣ춼кüǵзˡ
ЦŵͷҸƼˡ
˵ŴһԳһɾĲһΧϣһߺ֣˵ȥϴһзʦ˵¥£˵ˣȻǿ˱ȽҪ
ټҪˣԸˣǶȥ
˻ϴբз֣ɣ˶ûߣƽҲûԣһ£ӦҲǸʲôˣڵĳʦֲɣȥԿĹͷͽܣǱǱ߶ǲ˽ģ͵Լļѧȥ
͸ǳ׼һʱ޼׵ӶƵĲѹס
¥ߵĳʦҲǸзֹÿ˶ԼóֵĲˣ˵㵥ʱҲᰴó
ƽ˵ǵڱƵͻнģҶԽ¥˶ԣз˾ĶڣƼ˻Ҳ
楶ԣȴûôི
ͷҲûʦҲû裬ͷڣһֱþһĲˣͬĳʦҲǲһģҪȻǰΪʲôǻᱻһϯҳ˵¥ҵľ¥˭һԼ˵ž¥ʲô˶ԼҪ
˳ȥæסˣóȥ
ֹĿ¶ɻü
楿ЦҽǽˣҪȻһ࣬ȫæù
룬Ҳ
һ˲תͷЩ˵µĹȥҿͷ衣
Ҫʦˣʦһпɶ࣬Ҳɢףʲôҵһţʦǻͷʦ飬ǿɲֹʦô򵥣
֣ɸϴբзһ⻰۾һ뵽٣ִģʦҡ
ٿһۣû˵ֻǰĿϣ¶ƽšüһѧͳȥ
Լ˵߹ȥ裬ͷ׵·ƽȣͳߣ֣һʦȻҲҪѧ
·֣ɱϵʱ򻹱ߵȥ裡
֣ԣʱϲüңæһţϸϸɾ֣ȻҲһһյ賯ȥ
˼ʦͽ˲裬ЩԥҲɢˡ
Щ˿һЩҵīƲӣǿʵĲʽȻҲѧµѧ׷ܹȥ裬µƽҧĿ΢ƺԥ
楱һ
ǰȺ֣֮ձҪһ֣λܵүүʦҪǸͷܵ𣿶Ҳס
ٵ¹æã
ٶŲ裬üҲĿ¶⡣
楶һݣ˿˵Ҳѧ£øҿͷ衣üַǶǽ¥ˣЩ¥ӯ٣Ƕûߣимǣ᲻ǣ
⻰䣬еվͺƱˡ
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ݵĳĬջĿ⣬ٶȿ極ʱҲһЩ˲⣬ȴһĿ̰塣
ȻҶ˵ˣǾ͹ѧɣǲչǣҪ֪˭⣬ѧᶫͷһû˵꣬Ҳ̬ȡ
ڽ¥ȻΪ󣬴ʱ䳤һԭ򡪡˱Ψһˡ
˱һ֣ȻǻʼҵĶ
ǵʥүʹģҲǽ¥Ʋˣ˶Ȼ־Ľ

楰Ѳ꣬Լһ飬֣ɰ˸ղλ͹ȥԼලзҡѲŰƽһ̰٣ᶼʮ桭ϲǰԼһ飬ÿϡ
ȵﵽ˷㣬æµ楾ûˣǹʱָǰλһ㡣
˵ʱҲû˽͸ֵ֣˵ȰѺƬȹٰ֮ͣѽƬЩȥ˾ͷƬȥˮˣܲĻٷŵܲ
ͷ֣⺢ͦģһֱʦԭ򣬴ŻΪʦ̫ˣڽʱرģǷšüﲻһ飬ֵʱȻһûУЦչһݸͷλͳȥ
֣Сͳȥ
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ʲôУ߹⸱üѵ⣬վûվ࣡
֣ɼɫʱͱˣոջͦԾˣ˵ˣСվһԡ
楿ҡͷתͷ˵үү
Ǹղصʣġ
ٵͷû˵ӳ¡
үүһóԣЦʡ
˵ʱ֣͵͵̧ͷ٣ֽճȭ촽һţû¿ӣ楣Լ࣬
Цſһߵ֣ɣƲţ۾һȦתͷָЦ˵һģһ֣ģո֣ɴһ
ٱΪģ⻰£һ֣ɣȦ΢죬ü˵ʲôȴ˵᲻æүүȥһˣ
Ҫ˵¥ˣȻᷴԡ
˸ҪȥҴ˽˵ңո֣óȥƼˣҲҪ
極ͷ֣ɣ£Ƴ𣿡
֣һؿ楣ְĿ⿴٣ƺѯ
ٲϲСӣšüʲôһɵӣֳ᲻
ŵ֣վֱӣ͵ᣬ
ٺȵ
֣ɵ׻ᣬʱҲѪԣҧᣡ
ЦʦͽԼͦ˼վһû廰
֣ɺ֪ӦովȻԼʦˣæҪ˵ȴѾתͷߣų̤ʵĽŲһɾ˻ޣˡ
Ц֣ɵļҲ˹ȥ
ߺ
֣ɴվ˺һᣬĨһæȥˡ
Զƽͽܿ뿪ķС˵ðǵһο˽Ķء
ƽŴû˵ĿȴҲ뿪ӰϣһᣬջĿ⣬һ


24 
Ӻ, ǰһӳ˵Уգٴ󲿷ʱ䶼ں, էȻƼ治Щʧ
˵æµƼƲʲôоġ
ʱ
ΧŵˣжһԷģнͬеģҲһڣвˡΥĶ, һǰҲڴ˿פ
жûпľˣѾǲˡ
ֻǵúܶʱ򣬺, ͽżһȦҲֻƼɢɢˣĻǽ¥һЩݵˣ˵ȥǽ¥Ĳ˺θڡ
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ֻһЩ˸֪¥ǰķ
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֪ĻԻ, ҲԸ¼
ǱµĻɳһֱʧ䡣
ٱΪֱǰǷˣǡǣȻֿˣʹȲǰҲǰöˣһ̰˵˴˿̾ЩƲסֺ嶼Ϊеļڲ
楺Ƽĸп
û˵ֻվţţẰүү
ٻع۾һЩˮ⣬ͷһߵŮüۺЦ˵ȥɡͷɤӦһá

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˵˵ṩˣ¾Գԣϡšüѵ֣ȻѡµĶҡ
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үүжûˣЦŻͷ
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˸пʱ򣬶ȴ֡
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Ůĵ˫ĿЦĻҲ棬óԵʳԶʱ
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үү
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ûоá
ʱڱ仯µԪԽԽ࣬ǽ¥һֱĹڽ¥ʱĹȥˡ
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ͻȻһתǩԼЧһǩ
˵ʱһֱڹ۲ǵ飬Ǵʱ΢ͣǲ⣬˵ûܹ£һЩ£ȱˡ
̷֪ǰûǩԼ¥ҲֻйӶϵʱ뿪
ҸѡҪǲԸǩԼģҲû⣬վɸҶһǮպ뿪ǰǰһʱո֪ҾͺáǿǩģպǾͲֹǹӶÿӯҶֳһָֺ죬ҵ²ʽÿϲģÿһݣõӯҶһɸ
Ȼ֪Ѳ⡣
ǰΪ̫ŲŻᱻһԨ
ٷ˱Ҳ٣֪¥Щ˶ǿ̷άϵţĸƽ̷ʮ𾴣ȻпȴЧ¡
ûôõĳҲûôı£Ϊé®С
ԡ
ôôûһֽԼӿɿ
ǣҲԼĺޱؽȥǰᣬϡ
ūѾܶ²ؼɵѾ˵ȥ¥Ӷһ˵ǩԼͷùһЧ
ױ䣬ȴᡣ
гڣȹġ
󻰣˶Щԥ
ʵ̷ܶҫҪ뿪ˣ極ĳ֣ս¥ĺĶ;뿪ˡ뿪ǲ뿪ˡ
ǩԼ⣿
Ҷûǩ⡣
㿴ңҿ㣬Щ֪ô졣
ոջٴʱȴȵؿ楣ȹȴһĨЦΪֻ˵СãԭˣСãһֻСꡭҡҡͷȴʮָпһ뿪ˣҲ½¥ˡ
ֻ뿪֮ǰ˱ǵôȥŲʦУ飬ʣǩ֣
ƺͲµһЦĩβǩְӡͺá
ٵͷǸģԼߵһԡ֣ȻҲ˹ȥ
û뵽ģľȻƽƽһ֣ǩְӡûûҽȥˡ
楴˴Цҡͷûˡ
ƽת뿪
ƼǩˣȻҲûԥӵϣһԸԼҾǸõģȥﶼһﻹǮзֺ졣
˵껹գ۾楣ңǮ𣿡
ЦȻԼһһݣͷȥǿԼȥŸҡ
ŶҡǩֵĶûԥ
˵˱֤ȻҲٵģЩʦ֪Լ²ʽúûзֺ죬׷˵ҵȥôô²ɫ
極ǩֺ֣ס֣ɡ
ҡ֣ܹ
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֣æӦУûУ£ôҲҪʱ
楿˵ЦҡͷѸղŻһֽݸȥҸŵùʦƷҪǺõĻơ
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ûĶһʱЩסˡ
楿ʱҲδֻͣЦʵܰ𣿡
ܣ
֣Ӧ
СֽպãƼæ楱֤ҷģиЩģھȥб֪ġ
ȻʲôҲ֪ⶫ϶;¥йأȻ±ѧȥ
ЦЦҲôСģⶫ϶еѧⶫҲԭֻռӵĹ⣬ȱͶɰˡ
һ棬Ҳû˵ôôЦŵ˵ͷ鷳ˡ
֣Ѿǵһαлˣ̲ס죬˵鷳Ӧġҿ楣ͷµ£ңȳȥ塣
極ͷĿ뿪¥һ߰Ѷһű飬뵽ʲôд
˶ϲʵĶ
ڲŻô˶Ըոճз֮͡
Ϊ⿿зҾסˣ˶ϲɵģԵĲʽĲᣬĲɫȴв٣зңϺңңͷҡЩʳĶ⣬Ҳʺڡ
楰뵽Ĳһдʱʦ˵
²ʽˡ
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£ǰ˵ģ԰Ѳ˻ֽһӣֱףҲ׽ܡ
ǰлûʲĴȥˡ
ԼǻҲû
񡪡
뺰ȥ׼ϣߵſڵʱȴ
ԼǲȴǱȲУСڶ䵽дֻˣһѡǮʲô϶Ҫɻôôģͷˡ
뵽ЦҲŻˣϵĶʰ¾¥ʦȥ

лصңͷּ˸֮͡
û߽üͷЦŲ΢٣Ҳµ˭ˣ˸λС㣬Ҳû˭ദôǢ
ôôܹûʲôϵ
ԭҪȥĲӾͣſڣתȻݣ֮ȴѾƼЦ磬ˣ
ԭҪȥĲͣ
ƼǸӰعͷòŮմһɫ̿۳¶һǰɫ庣ĻȹӣŰٺ٣˻Ļδֻͷ
ˡ糣к
ȴüܾ楶̬̫ȻˣȻ·ദ꣬ôأв񼣬ȴû¶ϣķӹ˻
ûнȥ˼
磡뺰סģþˡ

ѭ楣ü΢ӵû
Ц˵ȥ׼š˵žֱ뿪⣬ֻˡ
û˼ڱ˼Ҳһеģлվͷü
ϰˣҲ˵ôôԡ
пĬĬᲽ˽ȥ컹ûȫڣ͸뿪սӰվӵһˣδ£ͷôô£
ƽͲ
楿ϤĬˡʵƽʱƢͦõģҲ˹ģôô˺ͶǶһӣӱǰӳˣÿοŻڣܾò˵ᱻͷüģ۲ĲĸоʣôôʱпգҸæ
·µһҪ˵ôôæ̧ͷһڣ˵㻭һŻ΢ţüһֿһ˵ʲôҲܾ
Уһᣬ˵졣
ֵЩ˼ˣšüôô
пȫпա


25 
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㵽˻ӡ
楳Թ, ݱĸſھѾˡ
ĸصظŵģı, ɽ˸ˣÿ츺͡Ϊڼеһ˱һ󣬿æİһ, Ȼ·һĨк, С硣
楳˵ͷʦʱͷͬ˵ͷʦȥҺˣǰͬԼˡ
ң
һС𣿡極ͷ¶һֵı, ͷµһͼ˰
ˣµֵסˣųſۻҵķ򣬲֪ǺЦΣȴֻҡͷ, ջ, , ߰ɡ
ȻΪǷĸӡ
ǸһԳУӦ˾;ܷڣбҲǰͬ˵һ, һȥ¥ˡԭȻǲƼͬһ
˻ǴСôŰ塣
ƲƲ죬ҲùǰеʱԱĿ
Դӹܽ¥֮æýŲմأھ¥ýˣصһ飬ȻۣﵹͦģӣѾܾûֳʵĸоˡ
ϲҲܡ

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極ͷۣܿûƼеӰ
Ѳ˻û
飬ü˹Ц˵ңϻغȲǸˣ˵ԼҾȥ¥Сˡ
¥иרŰ칫ĵطƽʱ˵ǣǰ뵽ǡ
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楷ģһ䣬֣𣿡
Сɸһˣոܳȥˡ˵
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ļȴš
ոոͷ̫ҫۣ΢ĳĵսڣƧҲȾһůյĹâ
Ҳ֮⳯С
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΢΢ıʱʱüһõξС
ûнȥͱֿվű߿ŻС
ʮĻоѾúܸˣƽʱվŵʱֻļ򣬵̧ͷܵͷˡ
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楿ſž̲סüһ쵽æʲôѧҵƣÿϨƵʱƼԺճĹ⡣
ż˯磬ҹʱǹҲϨ
ôϻ֪һҪԼһԼţ֪ģͻȻһֺܾûгֵķ
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硣
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ȴûƽʱЦ۴ʱҲһûУؿһ۾ջĿ⣬ֱݡ
ȻҲƳͬյü΢ôˣǶ໰ˣǱˣһ䣬ɿ楣Щ̲סһʣ΢ţѯʣʹһң
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˵ʱֿһվԭصĻС
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޹ʣֶѳ꣬ϻصڵҲˣֻͬһƼָʲôҲΪ롣
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пһۣŴδ˵ڵĻ̻ضӣ߹楶档
֣ȴ
ֻ֣͵ãվžͺá
ҲδǿĿǱƥŵϣˣˣ

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Եȡ
˵֮ͷϸȥǰһʽͭԲ̵ĹУмοյ֧ţͷԲ͹ǰļһģһˡ
ͷʮ⣬¶Цͷʮֻʱ䣬ˣʮ칻𣿡
֣ҲҪãҲƳҺܼ˵ھȥ˵Ӽ¡
楳ЦҺ˵࣬ȻͷŪһһǮǮڼⶫȻ˵ʲô
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ڴǿڿഫûİ취
ٹЩ꣬ⶫͻˣ楼ǵסڳЩΡӶѵеĶǼһЩ˸ֻۡҪѿеĶ֪ūͣȥͺˣŶá
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õǸˣǰ뵽ֿһۻУʮĻУǰʹƽձֵٳҲǸʮꡣ
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뵽ԼովȻ
ҡҡͷҲһյ裬ЦԼԽԽȥˡ
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δƼеͣͷƷ裬ͻȻ¥´һ̯ڽͣѭ⿴һۣƼ¥µĳϰʳ̯ӣ⽰ӵģҲʲô򶹽һǹֱͷƮ
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µҹʣСͷ˺öˣһ룬ȻŵͦٳЩģ˾ˣ߳һ̲סЩ۶ˣԹû
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Ҳûпڡ
ƺѾƢԣ˵ʲôֻҪܸıľ
ԾͲ˵ˡ
Ҳû˼˾һȥҲ򲻳һ˵ֱԲԣģصϣǰЩǩõԼóϼ£ͷһš
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С極ͷĶŵһԣȥ
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˵
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Ҳν
ˣṩûЪšȻǰԴṩضУΪʲôôأ
楳һᣬⲽߵߣͷȥ´ĳ֣Ϊ䣬ʵŵ˲࣬Щ̯ȻҲΣô˭ԸгԶѾˣվ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
˵ջĿ⣬ͷŻʣǣǰṩ¥Σ
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ʹľګҲòÿһ
ΪĻԴϵʣ͵ĳȣͬŮӵĽǰŮӺƴ֪Ǻʲô¶Уϡı㡭ȴ
ţûȵĻش΢΢ü𣿡
ڻع΢æڵסͷľţųΪΣ
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׬Ǯķ࣬ûҪΪԼ׬Ǯñ˻ȥˡ
Ըö飬ͿŴ˫ۣҵרҺЩʦҲһ㣬˵Ǻ
ҵѾ¹ƽ
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ͻȻЩʢһůˮ
пӰһĴǴʱ΢΢һᡰšһԡҪͷʱѲøɾĿӷŵǱߣԷɡ
üû뵽϶뷨ͷҲһȻҪЩζҪζУҲûôúġ
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ͷ⽣⻰һ٣̧ͷƽһûУҲֻǱ΢ţʣҸҪ𣿡
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ΪƼСŰͺɰ뵽ֻǿһ۾͵ͷɲɽţ˵ͺɰˣע¼һСꡣ
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ıꡣпһۣС
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ʵҲƱ¶ȡ
һȻԼЩϣֱֱֱţһ´̧ͷĮķ¿һۣҲǰһ㣬ԣ
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26 
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֣ȴЦţʦڶҿɺˣˣҸˡ˵ü䣬㻹ŸʲôˣʮſҪзң
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ǰ谲ǵʱûٳԻ
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Уûע⵽Լ˵ӡʱ򣬻ͣϵĿ˱仯
иհٺ̷ƣóȥҽȥҩʱͿŻˣʱȣδᣬֻǿһǽյķţĬͷ
ʲô㰡Ƿ׵úܣˣŻ˵ŴҲԼǰܺͳԻˣһ͵ֲ֪ϲңһǰѻֵ֪ѵģ
ǳǰ˵ֵĻš
δ˵꣬ͼǰǸͦεӰ΢΢ͷķĿϣƹЮձ˪һ㣬֪κŮ߸ʲô
Żɫ΢䣬ڣȽյķűƿǸ־Ӱ˳
㡭
³Լǰ楣Ž»ƾĴС㣬ڶŻԵУŮ˾޾Ƕˣ屻˽ϣ˵ˣûС
ȴûֻǿߵ̷ᣬڿŻʱ΢䣬ס֡
ʾ԰ο
û¡̷ᳯ¶һЦһϢƽ¿ǰ
δŻԣǿǸڻ˯еΡȻûѪȴв٣ü΢ţ֪جΣǴ޾ʹ֮С
̷ûǰ
ֻվԭأΡ
Ϥˣ÷ı֣δ
˰Ľ
ڸȥǱļж
֪ı֪һȡΪΪŮ壬ÿ˲˯ЩƷϾƿ̲
ȵʲô
ȵһҩĲԼһˣ
뵽ղŵĴ뵽ΡߣȴͷҲص뿪ϻ̫Ҳ̫䣬̷ȴ·ڱѩ֮Уȫڷˡ
Ҵȥ楼æַסȰ˵
á
̷ҡҡͷɫ԰ףȴǴŴǰЦݣ˵ͷҵһյ衣
極ͷҪݾԵĻ˵ȥɡ
˵Ჽ˽ȥûһṦͶŲ˳
̷ӹ˵һлһΡˮ˵ϣΡûߵĶŻԾͱŵüгǵ汻˵һ紵ݶµòС
죡
̷֪лҪΡ˵ŻԺȵٳͰˡ
Żһ⻰̱սͣɫ׵ûһ˿ѪɫΪ־̲ס˵æҧݣһҷ
ԵΡҲڱյˣոЩãȻǰ̷ᣬˣ᣿˵ʱ򷢾Լ˰ţһ㶣ô
ƳŻԺ楾ʲôˡ
ɫʱòҰף̷ģᣬҴˣ֪ˣģҺͿԭҺòã˵볯ߴչȥͶŻһ𱻰ϣôȥǷ˽һЩ̷ͻԭˡ
硣
̷Ằˣһģ
һۻɫĳһ㣬սµİȴûһ˿֮Уվԭأ΢΢üΡһѪ΢ע£˵лʱ硣
˵˵ˣҲˣ
յ˼ۣպô죿̷
Ρɫ΢䣬̷ע£ǿ¶һЦᣬѾȥˡ
̷֪ῴɤºͣȴ๡
ΡƺҲļˣԥһ˵ŻԺ˵ˣֻǣֻǡǻ̫ݣȥ̷۾ֻܵͷֻǶ˼ûҪġ
һҧ
Ρɫһ䣬楴Ŀ־ʵ̫ˣȥ̷ֻܿᣬᣡ
Ϊ̫ʱͨ죬ңҴû㣡㣬ıˣҲҵӣΨһӣ
ǻǻǰ
һŬȡȢؼңҸӣǻһһŮƺǰ˵˵λʱ龰Ρ˵˵ž̲סᡣ
ĺˣ
ôģȻ˶ŻԵĻ£
İᰡ
СͰĽŵıãҪһˣΡۿͨ죬ҲһЩǰŮӣʹ޵ᣬҴˣ֪ˣǴͷʼòã
˵䡣
Ӧʹͷ˽ôæֲ֪ʲôոͷͰ³ĻǿһῴԺˣ΢΢üô£
楸Ҫ˵̷ȴס֣˵˵ɡ
һǰǸˣתӦӯӯһӦ죬˺ϻң벶˴ǻš
ᣡ
ոջʹΡ仰ʱɫʱֱˣƲţ·ᣬҲܼ٣ҲȥţҪȥţⱲӾͻˣ
ĿƾΣλ˳ȫһ
ס󣬡ᣬǵĴǰǰŮһ仯ûУͻȻַ˺ݣѵĸǰ˵Ļúһ𣡡
ΨһһѪˣҳˣպôȥĸ
ⷬǹɻӭͷ˶ڻ̷ᣡҪ˵̷ֱס
̷һ֣һµüȥΡԭҲ忡˴˿̾Ǹֻ֮ƴסһ˿涼ûˡͻȻЩˡ
Ρ
һֱ
һԭڲסҲסˣ̷ᣬ˵˵ûúһ𡣡˵˵ţЦˣģ£ұعѣԶҵˡ

̷ῴ˲ŵ飬Ц𣿡Ǿһ㣬Ը極ָ֣˵㣬ȥˡ
æͷۻС
ȥɣҡ
楱ģ̷ݣͷ½˻С
ſźϡ
楴̷߽С
Ȼ֮еΡŻԿˣʲôµģÿ깩ôӣǱһСƽ뿪Ӱ𺡣
Ȼͷȥһ뷨Ůˣ
пеĻްüӦߵһ˵

С
̷Դӽû˵
ߣųĬҲûڣû˱ε˱ʲôζǰҲ£Ȼ̷ҪһЩ
̷ֱӱİ֮ҩ
أ
Ǳƭߡ
ҲǺЦһС֪£øŰֽƵģҪֶλȻһ٣ƭߣԼȴ֣ˮһ÷
ǻżȻ·ǻҪ޸Ǹǧѡġ÷ˡ
ý㿴Цˡ̷ڴԼĳѹˣߵ楣ִ֮л⣬ǽ㣬ֻڡ
ס֣û⣬Ժʲô㣿
̷һԺǰԺǺΡйأΡ飬ΡƿȻ޸ȻһСơСƣɫһ䣬վ
ôˣΪʲô£æվ
ǰԶŻԺΡ侲Ůʱȴ¶ֻ̣極֣ۿͨ죬ţ㣬ûСƣ
æģСƱιҩڻûѣҽȥչˣ͸ոͷǸ
̷֪û£̷ŷġ
·صϣһС𣺡Ҳ֪ԺҪʲôֻúչСƣ󡣡ڱģ֪ҲԸ롣
Ǿ͹Ұɡ
ʲô̷̧ͷ㶿
Ϲº͵ܰĵЦݣ̷֣ҸողŽӹܽ¥ȱ˰æҿд֣¥Ұɡ
極̫ᣬ̷ῴſţԾͷá
ҲǸҵ
СƻСչҪǮҲ׬Ǯ
楼ͬ⣬Цñˣǰ˵´˵żЩ£һסҲģʰСƺһؼҡ
ǡ̷ЩΪѣ᲻̫ˣ
ᡣЦҵһֱǹ㣬֪һûؼңҪ˵ҵġҸ粻֪ܵȥˣڽ¥СҲ֡
պȥ¥£СƸô죿պѧжżˣܷģ
̷ƾߡ
̷һ⻰Ȼûԥһ˲Ϳ˿ڣл㡣뿪⣬պ׬Ǯٰȥˡ

楼ͬ㰲ģʼʰϸ
ʰʱ̷ˣ֮ǰͿŻԱŽ˴С꣬ȴܴҲܶ£һͰСײײ̷ܡ
楰ø˽˳ȥ
ѾûжŻΡԼӦ͵ӰˣеǸմͷһƿҩ楲Ծصԥһ²û
ûƼĶվԺŲԭ˰Ŀϣأ
ȥˡбߣֲǱߵš
楷ģ˵̷һؼҡϰˣҲĻʲôԡ
һؼҡĸ֣ѵȴ΢΢£ƽֵͷѹ΢һϽŵҩݸ
ʲô΢
֡
ţ
楿Լ֣Ѫǣʧȥԭɫǰ򴽵ˡ


29 
ҹĻ١
ĶżҲŵʱ, үʱ򣬶ŷ˺ŮѾˣ, ׷ү
š
үͷɨһˣüͷŻأʮ壬, һ½ŵԵԽ, үپ̣ƽͷЦӭˣڼǰȴϲһţ·ȥˣ
ŷʮݳ紩ʮֹ, һ⻰æһ߷һ߽ӹѾߵӣԷ˲, ˵ȥ, ˵ǺϽļͬȥ, ⲻҪˣҲȥ־ͷȥԵʱҲЩ
үһ⻰, ϵɢһЩ
һĽˣϧԼûʲôֻ֣ܽϣиԼĶǣƫƫŮиߡ˸ȴֻһ˶ȴϺúýѧվ֪һȺѹ죬һꡭ˵ŻԿϽˣȻˡ
ҪһСȴŲȥͬˣȥˣ
ŷһ⻰ɫһ䣬̧ȥĸ첲⺢Ϲ˵ʲôԵɹĿ⣬ɫһףҲųү
ߣ
үˤиսӹĿӣȵȥǸӸһ
үŷ˻Ȱ˵үһǣҲٿڣתͷѾߣСȥûԶͯһ
䣬ͷʹһҴææĽŲżеүˣˣүˣ
ǶŻԵͯġ
ܵͷˣҲҰ׵òУһӾ͹ڵϣſھһ䣬үˣ٣ү˴ȥˣ
ʲô
үһüô£
ŷáָ΢ΣҪ˷ֻ¾ҪվסˣַŮĸ첲£˵Զôˣôȥã
ҲСͷ˵һ⣬үڱӦȥˡ
˶
үõһԽʵȹ̳ĺľԲĵóһѺۣͷŵЩζĲȸҡҡλȫɢ˳
żҵһδ޵ŮŵðվһԣСֱӱŵÿ޳үķң˸ֱ޿޿ޣʲôޣ
ء
Сҭͣŷס졣
үŷ˺ۿ޵ɲܻܲԶ
Ļ£㻹ޣүԽԽҲѾӶ⣬ڴ߳ĺöӣƽȥ̻֮ҲˣھȻȥŮǶżǻףΪҲû𣡡
ŷ˱ɫһһף̲סǶ˵˻ǸΡ𣬱׼ķӣ׻Զ롭ء
ͷֱүɵԽԽᡣ
ŷЩģ뵽ԼĶҧ۵Զܳ£㲻ΪңҲΪżҵ룡ǼҿɾͻԶڶӣѲ㵱뿴Լȥ
үȻԸ⡣
俴һ۶ŷˣɨһӣֱ˳ȥͷĸ񣬡ȥһˡ
ոҲͷ˵ĻͷӦǺʣȥĸã
үһᣬȥϺˡ
ǾͻԼˡ
ȥ˵̩Ȼ溰ԼץˣڻֱӰ͵Լáү˵ֶһ䣬鲻һЩƱ
Ӧ뿪

ø
ûʱϺ˾Ѿ֪˴£̩ȻͬһĽʿֱһɵݣ˵ϵӦǲģ̩ȻЩ괦ѹһͷΪ׸ׯ轻ãܿҪǲؾ
ﱾͷ߷߲ƽ
˵£ӣſֵԽԽҷˣҵĵ̣Ҳҵֱˣ
˵żˣЦһ
£Ҫȥˡ
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Ϻ˸ղ˵ϸϸƲǸ齳Ů۾ŶҼˣ齳ĶʦôҪΪĶʦ˵
˵⻰ʱȻԼλʦүǸʦصˡ
Ҳû죬Թֻ֪һ֪λŮȷҶʦŮǰűϻ˵΢΢һ٣ǰݣӦҲ֪
Ϻü˭
֪³֡
ɽϺһˣǰյȷ˵ɽҳôһ׮£ǻỹЦ̸ķˡС˵𣬡ɽŮΣڿɲ֪ǧˡ
ְȥͣˣλŮǰҾҺڵϲڲڽ긮ǵˣλһء
ҡ
˻𣿡
Ϻһ⻰ɫȻһ䣬˭֪λڳһ򾴰ԼλĸҪȻɽǵ㱾£ֵȺ
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Ҫ»治ùˣϺüʳ˵ô죿
ȻǱץãȥǱ߲ͳˣЦ߶մ˭Ҳ
Ϻϯͷһ濴ԼλʦүһףȻˣ¾ͽˡЦſ㣬ҪȻһ治֪һ˭
һϲǿŲ¶ϣԵͷְʹһϵˣȻҪΪ˿ǡ
ϺЦպ£ҲҪ֪޲ԡӦȥЦһӾȥ
ĸ˲ϲʦү
̫ˡϺ˿ųҹеӰǰ仹ԣĸһʲôʱ˶֪
ɱˣʦүλÿɻǶżҳǮء

ճԺӵʱ΢΢¶һǫģͷһӾվñֱˣۿæֺʦү
šĿбӣվͷҲû¶ʲô飬վ̨ϣӸ¿ˡ
һ
Ҿһ㣬ǰһֱү߱ʹҲǺƿűүУڳû̩ȻǱߵʱүǻǮͣͽߵá
ῴҲûյĲֻͬԼˣˣãȥˣүˣ
˵žҪ
ûһͱסˣü̧ͷʲô˼
Ծɴһ˫̲ۿ£֪ͨ㣬Ż֪ǣܲˣҪ˾ȥ֪ء
ǰһ鶼ûеڲǰǰϥүһ˲һˣּҧǣλûүأ
ԣü
һһ죬ЦڴǰǶչҵķϣҾһϢȥλŮ鷳ǰɵﲻ
˵ҲǺηӦֱ˽ȥ
վԭؿ죬ջҧ뿪ˡ
ʦүۺͳѾˡ
š
ͷںҹпӱ뿪ӰһʦүλǶżұģΣûԼǰôŻԵɹһʹ
ŻԳ£ٸ˲ˡ
ܸһ棬պʲôżңʲôϺ˶ùǰ
Խ룬ϵЦԽתݵʱ

ɽҡ
һѾˣĸ֪׮ƿڴĸǱ̷һ
ҹĻվ⣬ֿͷգڵҹճһƬЩ󣬴˿ס裬ȴûнݵ˼
ĽŲͷĸĨ̷ܵ˹ȥ
˯ˣ楿һ԰ȥӣĸĸ첲ѹѯʡ
ĸͷղ̷һ۾ףҲƣո˯šӸոջڰοҡԽԽѹۿ޵СǸӣͲãСƺûˣ̷ΪǼҵ顣
ԭǱǸƲģ뵽
뵽ղŰ˵£û³̷ᣬֻѹɤүô˵̲ס極֣ҵҺȥˣҪȻҸԺȥ̷塣
ĸ˵̲סᡣ
һ˲ϵᣬһ߷˻ݣ˵̷ü࣬к󸣣ԺסǼң͵չһЩҲԵ̷ЩǼæǰæˡ
ĸͷӦã˵ҿǰĻûѾߡ
ҪȻסҲ
ЦЦͻݣЩ˯Լȴû̻˯һ죬ʵԶûбֵôƽǰЩе¡
ĬԺ
ѾˣھӼѾ˯ˣҲһ˻ţǽһţֱڴĽŲһ٣û˯
ֵʱĽŲˡ
ҳһѯʣѾûôϰˣҲֻᡰšһصĽŲ򴽣ԥ˻ŵʣôˣ
ţ
û뵽ڣ֮ЩЦʲôôˣ
פֳĬһᣬĽŲܳءϴҹճֵʱҲ¥£ôΪ̷
ܾòֹ
űڳŻԶ˵ʱŨŨͱ䣬ֻΪ̷ᡣ
ѵ
ȻһְܿͷˣôأǰĵλֶΣôԼΣ֮
楾ϸģЦû¡
ÿκͻһᣬͻƽ࣬ոջ겻ѣھȻֱֹˮͣ½Ųûߣʯϡ
֪ҹɢϰߣǰЩѾÿʯʰ˺ʵ档
楿ʯͷȥͷ˵ܵõӦеĳͷ𣿡ƺѾϰ˻еĳĬ˵ԻΡ޹ӦÿԣڶŻԡ
һĨɫҲųȥ֪᲻ᱻѡ
СͿö̫֪࣬ʲôζˡ
ҪöŻѡ
ӣֻ²̷鷳Ͻ¥¥ǱѿţҲˣ̷ᡭ뵽ɫģܵŻԣ̷ٶȱ
ո˵Ϊʲô첻ǡ
ЦЦȴģһ˿ЦⶼûУҪô򵥣ҲͲôˡ˵վǴ˯ˡ
ȴһᡣ
ʲô楽Ųͣ¡
иֿǽڣ֪Ǹù٣öŻѵġ
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£̩Ȼ𣿡
ӦǣĻܹ˷һЩˡϾǰλ֪ؾһֱǸĺù١԰ƳԼϵˣ˵лˡ
ǻУ²չô˳
ЦۣҪôл㣿
ɸڵСŰ廹Ǹһģá
֪ƢˣƲƲ죬㻹ǻͷԼжˣ³ҲûܾˣһֱҲûôܾ
֪СŰôˣҲȥ룬æµһ죬Ϊͻ˵һỰǾЩˣڴ˸ǷỨųˣˣȥ˯ˣҲ˯
˵꣬Ჽ뿪ˡ
áеƮɢҹ極ĽŲԽԽԶվһᣬתݡ
û˯ǰ
дСϲԼʰÿôڷŶһ˿ңڣضǰұߣֿõ֮鿴ȥضһĸ߶ȣһ߸һߵͣʼŵıʶϸɾһ˿ëƲϴʸˮضҪµġűʮȴһƤʼӡ
ӱó⣬ȴѱ˷ˡ
һֱûжͷ
дǸӣ𲢲ȴ¶ǰӣţָǱƤ˵һȦȻջĿ⣬ֽд֡

峿
컹ʱ򣬶żȴѾˡ
˳ϢѶүŷòУŷ˿һҹүȴǳĬһҹԼĶӣүҲܲܣŵڶʰǮȥá
ûͷýһš
үӹһԿŷȴԱµʲôʱˣ㻹鿴ţ˵̲סԶһϿ϶£ҿĶ
˵˰ҲδתͷȥүȴƼһŲҰ׵ûѪɫ
ŷһȻֹˡ
үʮޣͷһοү㣬ôˣ
үȴûǽֽΣԸȥĽй
Ӧȥ¡
ܿ죬ľͱ˹
үˡһû˯СҲûʲôѪɫǿһĶүŵӶϣүôˣ
ֽϵĻǲү˵ģүеֽӸġ
ĴӹĻɫȻҲһ䡣
ǲǣүȵ
ǣǡŵöͷðˣͰ˵үȷ˵ү˵⻰ʱǺʱİ
ңǸʱҲû
ûôյţүǻסҧĿ֣ȥ
æֽײײܳȥ
ŷ˻ǲʲôôˣֽʱҲ̱Ҫͷͱүòյݺ¶ͷ
úܣŷ˱ҵðǣסˣˤڵء
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ȻٵҲûӣڻӣҲȱСǣ䵽һȫһúã
˵žᲽߡ
ŷ˸ղˣʱүҪߣȥץȿ޵ү㲻ԶǵӣҪǲˣ
ŻǵͷүۿҪĸ
ŷɫһ䡣
Ůڶүտŵһɿ֪ͨˣҲûٶ˵Ჽߣ쵽ſڵʱ˵һ䣬Ĳˡ
С
Ŀڶŷ˵ϣҪǺºǶżң͹ȥ
ŷŵ۾ˣүȴûһ˿飬Ӿ˳ȥҪȥŵ˾˭Ļˣ


30 
楲֪żҷʲô
ҹ˯Щ, ʱɫѾˣϴȥʱü䵹ʮ, д̷ܳţ̷ǲ˼Ÿɻ
楿һţԼϲֳЦݡ
ˣϵ̷ȷӰЦŴϱܵǰǣ֣СϹЦ, ۾Ҳģк, 硣
С·ϻۿͰ鶼׵ԺˣЦͷҲ˵硱̧ͷƼ̷վߡ
̷컻һɫĳ¶һǰȹ, ΪТڣͷֻһؾľ̧ͷҲ, 硣
硣Ҳۡ
˺, к, ԷˡĸһЦŲ廰
Цǣ̷߹ȥ
ŵʱĸѾȥˣճ, ҲѾſڵˣ촽̷سѹɤĸ˵⼸վţСƣϸһЩ
¶ż
ĸ֪ĵǣ˱飬ͷ֪Һµģ˭ü㡭ǵס極֣ԼҪСġ
ģʡáԹº͵Ц˵˼䣬ˡҪͷߣ̷ͼææˣ㣬ȵҡ
ͣ²ӣͷСܹæַסĸ첲ЩʣϢһ죿
̷ҡͷ
ոܵüỹЩģȺþȲſ˵ѾϢùˣϢˡ
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Ҳ֪ôˣ;Խá
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ⶫҲһʱͷ»Уʲôʱп˵ˡ
㡣ߴ̷㿴𣿡
ѭȥǰֵֽΪ죬̷֪д֣оƼ飬û뵽̷־дãһֱ׼С
ԼҲдǰʱһСҲĵ˳ޣԼǲϲģֻ뵱֪ǧˣԼϲ顢飬ϲز
𣿡̷ٳٲ˵ֻԼдòãæдһš
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ҿǸС˵ͦõġ
ϲֱһˣԱ߻һŮͯǼҲС楺ͻгԵþҵģæãһֽڿϴ꣬һС˵ԽԽ䣬ĿҲԽԽ٣Ҿ¥̿ҲˣǵǸˡ
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СŮȻǿ˿ߵĸˡ
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ˡ˵ԼŮղŻųҲֳһĨȰЦһ߸ͷһߵ˵Ҽɾһæҡ
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üЦʲô
˵ѧһ죬ֵ˵ϰ˼ǴҶ²λɢЩˡ
ţһΪΣ
һѧӵ˵ֻ̫ˡ


31 
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ȴĬվŻǰ, 𣿻Ϳ˻еֻǰûô̵ظܣɴʱΪ˵ⷬ㲦, ٿŻʱֲɣ̬֮
˵ֱˡ
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ңӭڣôվ⣿æµùתƼ楣ƼĴԼЩĬһ, ǵһοĶء
ƽնЦӯӯģȴ
ʣǰʧŮȴѾ˼ջĿ, ŰЦ, û¡ָֻɴǰǸģˡ
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⻰˵ʮֳϿҡ
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楿һߵ̷ᣬ촽Ҳš
ʲôû˵ֻǰ̷ַϣһգ˻żʰû飿
ҡͷСˣӦ˵ûš
ô
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СûĸŮ߽ҲΪ͸ԵʣҪȻ»Ҳ࿴һۡ
졪
˵ǸŮ˵ʱϵıҪƽ࣡
ӦＱòУѾû˯ˣԭʸ磬Ҳ֪æʲôסöûýŴһǸŮ˾˭û뵽»ûһ̣оͻˡ
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ƽȻһͷȻƼ極Ӱ
üëŮһվ⣬;ϣüһĨЦ
лҪ˵㣺ǲǴʲô
ˣû


32 
ӦһӰ, Բ۾һӾˣȻϴûмŮ˵ģĿ楶Ųȵ, ʮָϸ޳׵øƵġ
˫֣
һססĸ첲ѹɤʣ˭
ô֪绹һھӣ
Ѳͷհģ

̫Ҫˣ
Ů˾ȻصعͲˣˣ
뿴楹Ҳ˵ز, ûвӦõЦź楴к, 㣬ˣ極ͷŸӦ˵Ǹڵ㡣
ڣ
ӦüڲȻ治죬ǰҲǼİʼʱҲͦĵ, Ͼ泤ӣд֣ЩϵŮһ, Ǻܶ˶ϲ, ɺ䵭, ͷˡ
֪˲һ
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ͻȻղŹùúͰĶԻȷ˵ҵ£ǻһľ, ˼ȥϸګګʵǽ긮Ǹ
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ף˴к
ӦĸЦӦһԽȥͷӦãǲˣ㻹վǸˣؼˣ
Ӧòȥ
ﻹҪʣҲֲ֪ֻĲ鲻Ը߹ߵߵʱûסֶ࿴ۣԽԽġ
ñãҲãϴĴĶã
СУȻȥˣʲôʱпվӼͰӦĸЦźͻ˵һֺͻкӦˣ˳ŵʱ򣬲ס֪ܣùúþû㣬Ҳ֪˵Ự
Ӧתͷʱÿднӹˣ۾̵ɵøˣ
Ѳɻ汻Ůˣ
ֽܾӹ˲ˣ

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極ȷЩȻеķӦͣţǺˣǸܵܣƽţɱǲϲļҹʱҲܺɺƨɡ
ٵҲʮẦߣ
Ầ߲źð
һֻһߵظɣͷƵġ
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Ƽпۣڵͫʣ۾ƺʲô¡һͻȻЩղŻĻУĻпɱǰĻпɰˡ
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ᣬֲɢ˵ˣǲǻУȻñ֪ɣҲûԹܵĵزˡ
ѵ£֮ǰ𣿡ʵ
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Ҳûɢ
֪ˣÿ˯ǰɢǻÿյϰߣֻҪɢÿضϻС
˵ѰûзԼ⻰˵ö룬Ůӻעӵӣ
ѯʶԷʲôȥ
Ϊദˣ֪ƢԺΪˣҲ⻰ֻǵѯʲûй˼Լʹ໹ΪĻ©һģҲֻ̫࣬ǿ۾˵¡
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Ӧ˺ã̧뿪
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£رڰǡ
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Էʱ򣬶ŷҲû˹˵˾䡰Բ¡
үһ⻰ɫ࣬Ծͱԣ˵ԹԷһڶŮԷ
żҼŮ໥һҲ˵ͷ𷹡
СȻ¶үСʵôûؼңȻϲŻԣϾԼĸ硣
үһ⻰ǺڵòӣŶԺûˡ
ʲô˼
ڴסˣλżСҲסˡ
үȻ˿ڣԷ˵꣬ˣԺǼûŻˣûʲôϵҪǱҸȥʲôͱҲ⣡
˳ȥҲûҵдǸ˭
ڰ
ȫ˾ʲô
Ψһ˲ϲŻԣԲŻͷ
ԭԶŻԻмָ֮飬ҲûˣΪŻԵǸ˱˹֮ڣ粻ҪӣοֲûŮˡ
㰢ڲУҲӣӣҲ࿴бµŮ
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żضŮżҼλС㱾ûʲôȨʱүĵͺȣҷæ͵ӦһСһƲޣ̱סӡ
үôһȺҲʵڳԲȥ뿪ˣߵ溰񣬡ô
æģշ˾Ѿ˽ġ
үһҲûķϣһͯҪˣҷҲûҪٵˣվͥԺУ԰ճһĹ⾰
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Ҳֹڴˡ
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Ǹ˰д̽ºŮûйŮģżҾˡ
Ҳ֪ԣæӦһ

ҹ
һСӰһ͵͵뿪ſȥǶүΪ˵ġ
ĴһɫаһûʲôߵüеϣǰŶŻû˭ͷһӣȴ߱ߵᡣ
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ʱȫǻ
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˵
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Ҳûٸż
һƶϴѱһͯƣǶˡ
û뵽л־¡
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ĸ˼ûϣڶڵϿȿ꣬Ĩɾ뿪Ǳߡûе뿪һƾɵֲһ죬ȷû˷ڽҹ뿪

ʱ
żߵĳſڡ
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Ҳûж˵ʱ̷ߡ

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š
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ˡ
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á
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33 
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Ӧĸһ⻰̱˲Ϻ˵һߣ楺ͻжһҲߵͷͿӦúӦԺקš
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ӦĸһԼĶӣһӦקӦӣ̼Ӧãʲô磬ûſ
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34 
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硭ӦӲ׻ΪʲôͻȻͣ½ŲһеĻס첲, ȻҲͣ˿Զˣ۾һգһգʱ׹Ҫ͵ú˵
ǰҲϲ͵˵ء
û뵽ȻҲ͵ӦӶʱ͸͵ȵСèƵģסͣſǽ, ͵͵¶һֻ䣬ܸǵ̸ˡ
ûע⵽ӦӵĶ, ոͻȻͣ½ŲȫǱʹȻƺӦõǼ仰
ΪңҾͻм㣡
Ҹ㣬ҲŲΪͰѻø㣡
ǹƽ

뵽ԼʲôͻȻݺšü
ڸʲôҲͰˣ֪ڽ̸, Ȼ뿪δԼǸӣҲԸ͵˽СˣɵĿڲԶλɫü۵Ů, ŲͺƱճסһ㡣
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Ҳֻһ˲, ܿЦ, ں˵ʲô
Ӧÿü㲻ϲ𣿡
, ϲʲôѽӦ䣬ɻͷرСӶԵúͻϲ𣿡
Ŵûлشȴһһģ·𼴽ҪӺĿһգδգһ㣬һס
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35 һ
룿
楰źóʱͿһ˴վͷ, ΢΢ͷϡƼ˫΢΢šüʲôҪ, Ц߹ȥʵôˣ
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һֱעûǱ߿ΪľԼʧ뱻ƼֱĿνһ
ˣСӵһµ¶ÿζǵһҪԶ죬ؼҳԷը˼ȡ
ԭֻжüһȫ˵ʲôСֹ֣ȴҲʮֶòҪߵʱ򻹸楺ͻдкͷܡ
Щܣˤš
СܲͷͷҲذһͷȥ
Щӡ楿ҡҡͷ
̷ƹԹԵذϵĶʰã߹ȸкȻſ˵㣬ȥ
ȥɡЦӦ
̷ͷߣӦȺСһȴҲصǸ
ϵЦ̷ߺɢȥ
ʱûˣвŸҰĿϣոջЦٻ˴ʱŴ鵭Įʵôˣ
˵СƴǰԸʮֻá˵
бΪʲôˣĬһſοɽˮ·һ壬Ҳһ
ܺãҲ棬պضһɾ͡
һ㰲οİοգۣͷȥУǴǰǸģɺЦڰο𣿡
ܾʱҪȱ˴ֵЦζŴһۣջĿ
楴ǰϲĳĬԣϲĹŰ࣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôűǰĻ¶⸱ģȴܰвЦŴչȥֳϣͷô˵ˣ
Ŵûڣʰȴӵ½ȭ
żϵܰ㣬ܸܵϵȺֱͦżȴñκʱҪ졣
ͻȻңʱͷ˵ҪȻ׼ܲˡ
һͷ
ǡ
ô
ȥ־룿ǡ
ˡ楶ˣվã˵£ŻԺΡѾˣ˸Ŵ̽·ϲûʲô⡣
Ϊż֮ǰʲôûУ·߶Żԡ
ڿˣ
ܾöżҲԾšü˵Լ뷨
δ˵Ǳǲ˵ģʹˣ֪϶õģ̷Ǳ߸ǲ˵Ȼ濴żǿҲѾ֮Ժˣż˯óٳ·̷ӵʱѹֵĿ
ֻлС
֪ǳǰϰ߻ǱԵʣʲô££Ըͬ˵ʹܸһֻҪ˵һ⣬ܱðĲ١
˵£Щ˼ҲȥҲ
˵ûע⵽˼üǵʲô
ֻǵط˶Żԡе˵ŸΪӦȡ֮õķӡ
𣿡΢΢üܾûЩԾ
¥𣿡
⵹ûСҡͷܽţһֱԴɹȥôãŻԺΡźüˣ¥Ҳûʲô¡
룬ǶעЩԷĵط׳¡
極ͷģ֪ô
ôһ˵ȻɻԾδ⣬Ҳûôˣ˵ȥԷӾͱ˴ĸǳԷˣƼ˲վţЦʲôǼû
Ȼ˵еǵЩ£Цȥĸĸ첲˸ڸֽĶء
ĸһƺͺЦôˡ
Ŀ⿴ĬĬĻУĸ룬ͻȻ˵Сд󣬻ģСأ
楺ЦĸһͷȥС
Ȼ֪˭
пĸϺЦŮ촽ţһŵĸ˵ʮ¡
ѽĸЩȣһΪСдءϾһֱ侲һˣǸСҪС꣬ȴ࣬Ҳֲ֮ǰܾСҪȰ楴󣬡֮ǰл磬ɿûֳЦ
ĸ極˵
ЦЦĿ⿴󣬷һϳɵ˴ʱȴЩģЦĸȥڲˣصһŻ˵Ун㡣
βԴֵЦζ
еͷĬؿŮ䣬ƲͷûȥɤؾܾҪ


36 
ߵߵü, ĸͰ˵ʲô
ĸЦûʲô˿ҲһɻĻ룬ЦŲ, ˵楺Се֮ͣǰð楺Сни磬û뵽Ȼǰ楱Сдꡣ
Կ۸ĸˣ楽Цӯӯģ߱ʵʲôóԵѽ
硪
뻹ͷһϿıˣ뵽ΪʲôԵ, ûסЦ, Ƽ˳Щߵشۣ߬ӣССңҾǾð楽ȸ翴Сˡ

⻰ˬһЦСдС⸱ϳ, кӾ͵ףҼǸ쵰СӺöˣ˵֮ͥ٣̾ˡ
ǧĸ, ׵, Ҳһġ
Ҳ֪С˵ܵȥ, ôҲ֪ķŻؼҡ
Ϊ˵֮ͥüձЩԣµ̷ƶû˵, ϵıҲЦ˵粻µġ
ǰȻûʲôһ꼸Ҳ֪һֱúúõģǰһֱܺá

ĸҲĨһ΢ۿЦ˵Сʱиεĺи˵ءСôö֪ؼҲúôһ٣
ĴˣÿҪҷ㶼ǰ档ؽҴ
ĸҪһСְסһۣȻرС۵ֻʢ˰뷹ĿɿڴģЦеؿ極ˣԷԷþûôˡ
֮ûôི
ΪԲԵʣ楺ͻ㰤һ
Ƕ棬ע⵽ʱϿƵı飬Ҳע⵽һֱСû̫ɼˣҲǷ˽ʾ˵͡
ʹϸ΢˲ɲ׽Ҳ㹻ˡ
Ȼϲġ

Ŀ⣬΢΢üıƺһЩľ棬æۣǻûס͵͵һЩ
ϣܺһ

š
к鷿塣
楺ͻ뻹̷ƾĸѶýϴ룬ûˮͱĸ˳ȥ̷ƻЩڣ極ЦŴǳȥɹ̫ˡ
°żӣһţŻ룬ɡ
̷ûվǰ㣬ȥСӡ˼죬ѾСӽ˺̵ꡣ
ƽʱֻҪʱͻȥ档
Ȼֵÿ֣Цŵͷһ۽ӷŵϣùȥ԰ɡ˰һһֳԵСͷܣЦջĿ⡣
ƽʱڼ޲ģ楰ѷŹӵĵǱһƣԼһǰĹԲ߰лʵ
ҡҡͷ촽Ц˵ϰˡ
Զ˹ģ˵Ҳϸϸģʮ
Ϊϱӵ£һֱһֻһĽ֣вһްָ̣ĨһĨЦʻ룬ϲ𣿡
ԭڳԹԲ⻰ʱסˣһź㣬㣬ôͻȻĻ
ǵһαĻء
楿Ե죬һϵûʲôЦʲôʵģҲûˡЦŴչȥ˵˵ǵСϲ˭ѽ
ߵòУҲ֪ûж⣬ԥ£ܲСҺͱлԼ
ȻǸĸ֮Ҳȷϲ硣
ȻǼ֪С
֪𰸣Ȼ⣬ǰǼ޸˼֪УڵʱҲǸ˼ء֪жҲȷǲ
΢غʵ
ƫƫиν÷ǸŮ˽ӵԼҡ
˵޼ҿɹ飬ֻס
һסǴꡣ
Ȼ֪вδԽĵطҲһֱҳϵذĽ룬ɲܷϣǸŮ˵Ĵܾίÿͼ֪˵λ÷֪һǸЩΪ벻֪޹ٻأҲΪǸŮ˵Եûˡ
ʹбż֪кֿҲûа취ɴǰǸģˡ
Ŷ簡
ѹе񣬿Ż˵ǿ˵ʱɻ飿
һ⻰ˣ˫Լӣͷͣ˺þòС˵ƵõҼ֮ɡ
楿潿ߣḧŻͷ
ϱ̫٣ŵ»Ľ֣ⱲӡҪǼ֪йԹ԰Ǹ÷ҲͰˣȻֺαؼ޸
ʲôв֪ʲôʱ˳վ󣬴ʡ
һվ͵磬硣û͸۹ԼĻ£Ҳ֪羿˶٣Сͨ죬ҿˣͷ˵ңȻȥ
˵ͷܡ
뺰סˣûסֻ˵ǵùҽġͷҲӦһáûתͷȥУ·û𣿡
пĬһ˲˵Ǹ
ǸôֱӣıԹ˵ˣֻĬĬһۣվȥˡ
ߺҲˣŻһڿʲô
һջĿ⣬ŨܵĽëڰһһҲΪѹƶЩûʲô
ЩСŻиҪ˵ʲôǰȥ˾ͻˣæͻ˵һ˳ȥٻʱɫȴЩء
ôˣпʡ
ǻЩδһɤ˵ɽȥɽ·ղŷ£ҿ楽ˣҪȻ⡭Ǻ˼ҡ
뵽ԼԭҲҪţ̰ͼ϶ѡ·һʱ𾪣󱳶ðһ㺹˲Ϻͻϸ˵ߣҵȥͰ˵һ
˵ž뿪⡣
еû·ϣԭվһüͷߣٰ׼Ŀοһ顣


ûȥнΣǷǳµؽ̻㡣
˶࣬ĸСĸ㲻ԣһ׼Ĳϣһֳ÷ǳζŵǽ÷⣬гСĴָСϸٺгɼ˿״̬ǰЩĶҲԼ͵ģٷһѾ²˺ʹУųòˡ
ʱҹ͸
һߡ
楺ͻͷΪ׼鷳ľ׼ˣü⵶ȰϺõĽ˿Сȥ˺ϴɾȻõӣȴ֮ƴСľһһȥ룬ҪԵϸһ͵ðͷĺƤȫժ
⻹ֻǵһ
Ϊȥˮ֣õ峴£ͷˮȫԳ
ԭüǣҸոճѾˣͲˡ楱߰ʢߺͻ˵
ԭΪЩΣղŽʱҲһֱɬŲ˵ɴʱϸµŸ㣬ʱҲԸȥţãȿ楸ʾŵõٰŵ÷״ģѹƽԼҲ¡
ɣòضãһЦÿ
һߣ⻰СʱֺѹֲסȸԾСС̵úá̲ס̧ͷ˵ʲôᡣ
壬ˣ⣬ƯҲᡣ
ԽԽãĻῴϸ
ĸⷬҲЩɣ⺢ӾǰƴʲôҪμ⣬Ҳ֪ǰ˶ٿŻôࡣһ䣬˵øᣬЩܺ͸ˡ
æЦתͷȥοǴǰˣһĶҲͦõѽ
ܱʲôᱻϳǿ
ѹЦ㣬ͷҪһ롣
ĸΪЦã˺ܶ࣬Եˡ

ĸĳãһֺãߵҲˣűƤţæͷһ֥飬ʱ֥ӿ
ȸ̣˵ȥͰɡ
ȻӦã˰ڻǵǲùȥЩأСЩ
Сͷ
ߺ楰ǲҲŵϣͬĸЦҸùȥΪһ⣬ڻδء
С
ĸЦȥ˵˳Ҳǳ
Ӧã˳ȥʱü䣬ҲհѶ͵СܲͷһеĳԣʱϲЦտǻǺعصģһóԵСҲؾţ۾̲סǱ
κ飬˿ڣȳ԰ɡ
һСܲͷ̾ˣܵǱԼһݣȷֺú󣬰ʣĸ˹ȥ
áоܾ
һûгԵĵϰߡ
ȴЦԲ棬ģҲ𣿡
֪ڹЦɻгĬһ˲ûס״ÿֿȥ°ɡ
ʱЦӦãӷͷԭ˵䣬뵽һӵˣ㻹ǵȻؼˣٺ͸˵ȳȥ
š
ߺ󣬻оͿһ̸㣬Ũ㣬ּ̧һ㣬һھŨζֵʺĿζüֳһڡ
Ե˹
СܲͷǾͳԵ÷ǳˡ
ĻѽСӱ߳Աʡ
̷˵϶ģҲֻŻµĸ㡣ǰҲͳԹͷĸ㣬ûסֳڣ͹Ĺĵ˵Ҳ֪Ժ޸˭
СҲ˵㲻֪δˡ
Զûɻȴʮϸǹ͵Цסǰǵ˵ϣδ


37 һ
, ҳʲôСգ۾ͷŻУΪʲô絥, ѵǸոϿεʱС翴
ոճԵĳ̫ˣ
СѣվһԵĻȴû˵
ü⣬һ鲼ǲزסĻЦȫڿҵĵó, óԣûԹҲóԡ⴦طȴʮְ
иֿ©ķ羰, Ǽ꿿ǽʢӲӵĹӵ֦һһģ紵ΪңһҪѹģµĸŮڶģŮһȹ, һŰӣһ°ͣ۾ؿ̡

֪δʱ𾪺ѾЩ, һС, ȷе١΢, ôԵСӿȥô֪δˣ

СŴ, һȡ
ôҲû뵽гȻΪҲûɣʵʵ˵ϴիǻأ˵ģ˼δǸ

гü΢ȷ˵ζżҳ£ûæ˵ǲҪȥˣԭΪΪǸݡ
룬Դ楻ǰǸҲûʲôϢһֻΪ
ԭȻһ㡣
磬ôͻȻˣСӻЩȡ
¡ɫ糣ѹ˼ֿ˶Ǳ˵˽£պ󲻿⴫
Сһ⻰æͷǰû˵ովǡСĲ˵ġ˿ո䵭ҲЩ£æ֤ԺҲͱ˵ˣ̷ǣҲ˵ģ
š
ףȥɡ
СӦһͷߣ˼ֻ绹վڸոǸλãҲ֪ʲôͷܾûں͸ղŲһ
߽ȥ̷֮æʵȥ
СӰѻиղź˵Ļ˵һ飬̷ƵͷҲ֤˵ˣǾ֣û˵Ǹδѽ
дüۿ©ĸŮ
Ůһ֣üΪյǰ֣ԼһˡоԼǷˣֻҪڣĿͺƲһ㡣
ЦŵĶյҲĶ
ǰ߳ģҲ
Ӧյ⣬˼գ˵ǲ֪ʵдˣϲ̲ס͵һδΥԼӦᡭ
ʲôã
Ϳ楶ûһ˿Ů֮飬ҪȻÿͱŮһ¶ЦԵֻû뵽Ȼδ
Ǹδ»ʮȨƣȻҲó˼ɵСġ
вУһ֣ͷŮ
Ŵһ̧ۣȥ
ôˣ壬̧ͷһطҲ濴ȥǿյʲôûС
գۣո̧ͷʱƸоڿôܣ㣬ӦûڽءЦЦҲŴۣˡ

楺̸֣⣬ʮֲҡ
黭ģϻУϹʱ仹ǳ˲١һ֮楰һƣˡ

ȤŨһ⻰æôͲˣһһֻ֣òˣֺ˵ӣӡ
ЦߵʮӣҲˡ
ָָͷ죬ٹɾͺˣҪأȥأ
Ȼԥ˿ֿ˿楣𣿡ȻĸҲΣܾζûĺóԡ
û뵽ȻǿζЦ첻²ˡЦŲһ䣬¥ɶûء
ԭԥһʱ˾ȥɣ
ʲôʱ£²˿һҪ
ЦҡҡͷҲû˵ģߣΪ¥ÿ춼飬ʱҲܾûиúһˣѵпգȻò˳
ҽһͷҲˡ
еʳģ½÷̷̷ãˣлá߸˵ĻĲһŹ
Ȼ࣬һ·Ҳݲȡ
ӣȰϴɾȻඹ׷ŵͷּһκͽͣȻִӹŵȡһһȷŵһԣгɱƬȻͷõʱͷ
ոˮ̿¯δͷ̿
ʱ䣬ְѸղŵһ룬еҪʵһЩŽɰղųʣµ÷⣬Ҳһгɿ״ϴͷĭȻһŽɰбУټԼĴнͰҶᣬˮ̿¯һţһʱࡣ
ǵģ˵ǽʣǻݲˡ
ʺ·ԡ
ǰô̰֮ÿγˣҲܳһ뷹
Ҳϲԡ

£ûϲԵĲˣǸһǲ޵ģ˹ĶҲ֪ǵֺϲĿζ
룬߼Ļ
ˡ
ʣµĵǷ࣬زˡ
زǷѳңǺţ⣬ţг뽴ͺһСǽãټĥõȻͻۣƵʱн˿ĩ
ǼԼֵġ
ǰϲⶫܾóζҲ֪ôϰˣݱ䵽Ը۰Ķüһ°Ѳźá
ĸʱ򣬳ƣһˣ˻ǰ̨ǰæ˵ôҲң᲻Ů͵ģֿۣʲôҪ
ЦŻͷ඼ˡ
˵ҴС̫ˣ÷Ҳˣ÷һ¡
ĸһֽܿʹһ뼦極ƬҲѾ͵׷ˡһ׷ĸһ㶣Ƿ
ǰ
ЦŷźüӣְѼͷ±Ĳ˻ͷˣҲһͷţȫһ߲һߺĸ˵żһٲһ
ĸһȻɵ
˵ĶͷЦӶࡣ
˵ȥϴ̷ùƻҪһŻ
ҲȫӦ˺óȥˣѳʱüСܲͷѾ¿ˣ̷ҲѾˣ̷һ꣬ǲá
һ߽ȥһʣأ
𻰵ǶʹĸҸȥˣС˵£һҲ˼ԣѾǵĲװˣͷùȥɡ
ʲô˼ģ
Ҳ֪ӣ˵ȥͰɡ
ĸҲûܾѶںú󣬰һ̵ݸ楱Ų˵һԵĻңǰÿǻпģɽŵȴǻ롣


38 
ǰĻ, £ƺϰ˻ţȻƼ, ЩûӦܿ죬Цüʻ룬أ˵߿ԺӣҲûлеӰ
ĵģ·û˵Ĵڡ
Ҹ硭뵽֮ǰĽ, ԥ£ͷ˵, еҪԼС
˵һ
楱ֻҪҪЦŰķ˵ݸ˵Щ˶ģһҪر·, ҪϲԣͷҰѷ㣬´˾Լˡ
͵Ӧá
ȻûЩֵֹģҲû, Цһ䡰Ȼȥˡ˿, , ͷҲ뿪˻ҡ
Ŀ뿪Ƽ楽˼ţŹߡ
̷ŵ, еȥŴյһûУҲû֪粻ϲ˽ķ䣬վͷߵţ˵磬˷˹
š
ͷеһգ޲뻹ǲЩͬѹʲô
΢΢üոոʱЩԾһ飬űƽʱҪĬһҪ䣬˵㣬Ĭһ˲˿ڣҺûйϵǰûУԺҲУ㲻Ҫ룬Ҫ˲뷨
Ȼ˵Ժһæֻ˵¡
ٺͷҲؽԼķ䣬˵Զˣϳˡ
벻⾿ôˣǰȥ͵ĵʱ򻹺úõģǻỹŵȸصһҪúú˵˵ҪϲһһҪ׷ŮӣҪǳˣ׼ͳ˱˵ӡ
Щû˵أǷ뵭ĮĻ
Ŷ೤ʱѽ
ͳҲͲʱʱɣôͻȻͱ⸱ӣ
ŲŸǾ䡰ûйϵҪϲôΪ㱼ǰߺô¶͵ЦݣӲʱ¡
п϶ʲô
һ֪ԭ򣬶ҲϰȥĻ
ǰ㶣֪⣬ȻҲΥ˼ԥ£ֻ˵磬Щ˶ģǵʣرǶЩ
ˡ
еºͣȴҲ๣ȥ԰ɣҲ
죬ĻյҲ˵ˣֻӦһãȥˣͷҰѷڹ˾ȥ
á
һͷü䣬һֱš
ǰʮһµҹڵø磬ûеƣȻڵֲָĵزҲȷǷǳ谵ˡĿʣһͶϣԱΪޣһٻƣһ谵
ֹ֪ʵڲ֪˵ʲô
ϣֱȫҹڸǣֱһ˿ҲʧۣǸòӵӣ̾Ϣһ
ƿųȥʱͷһƬž
鳲Ҳ˯ˣ̧ȥڵĹ࣬ϡڴĽŲͥŲţ֪˭ĽŲûǰǰȥվ£ֱĿ
ֱǴŲҲʧֱһҲ
ۣŸڵԺ䣬֪˶òջߣɫ֮£֮ǰСè֪ʲôط˳ͷĽϲ˲䣬Ȼһ
һᣬԼС
Сèɫë֪ȥһȦ˲ָţĶ̫ˣСè﷭˸ӡ
ûǱŪӣʣ𣿡

߰ɣȥԶ˵űСèȥ˳Ϸֻ룬лΪСè׼ʳˮֻǹ̫ãˡ
аСèŵϣְ뷹˶ӵȺġ
򿪹ǣζĲ¶ǰĲһһǳ˵ֱʣŹǵ΢΢սҲСè֪ôˣѾżˣ
ûѹ
͵˵һ䡰¡˻˸ɾȺķˣõԭλϣոշ£üꤵСè˹жһԿ̻ʵӣ̧ͷһ
һûʲôڸ֮Ҳȷ
ɿŻðЩˣгĬһᣬû뿪ѷ˷Żصϣһ㣬һƷɫӸŰɴĴӴУԽԳǸ֮˵Ĺ¼š
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楲δʲôԾæýŲմأÿԷ¥Եģÿλȥ춼ˣ˵ͻˣÿϵɢȡˡ

ڽ¥ԽԽˣԶԶիζǰ·ǿָҪôЦ˵һ¥Ȼµһ¥Ҳû˶Դˣкܶ˶ѽ¥Ϊ긮벻ľ¥Զ棬ļҾ¥ĲóԣһὨ¥
̫õĽֲ
Ӿæ˵£ԣҪǱ룬ҪĻƷҪƷУֽŲɾ߱ɾǻʹҪÿӦƸˣ濴ӦͰŲ£ϸȷûʲôŻǩԼ¼á
Ȼ׼֮²ʽ
ѾһʱˣΪÿζ´µĲʽ֮ǰӣ¥бֶһң˷ѣֶ˷ţҡķʮҡ
楾ԽԽ䣬Ҳ׼ˡ
⼸˾ǽʦôûʵʮַ㣬ҪԼôֻҪѲ˵ˣҪʲôˣȻϴɾкø˾ͺˡ
ȻҪ׼ġ
楰ԼĿζŪ˷ѹͷʹסԼǲܳģߵ˴ҲܳиعʦܾóԵòǺܵþԥ˺ܾûܹԼ˸͹ףٽõʱ򣬵µ˹̷ȥ
˻ûȳԡ
ȻôܳǰôطȻҲǳԹģͣҲûܾӹ֣ɵĿӼһţƬͷһᣬȵƬУų¡
ңô׵ĳʦһŵؿ
Ҳ֪飬һʱЩ˵ӹ̷ˮһڣǿѹǹӾܲкǣҲ
⻰˵꣬˷׷һӵϣеֱͷеĵǺϲζֱ񫡣
һھܳһͷرʺʱԡ
Ų豭վһԣǰȺˣƽʦҲͷŻЦݣֿߵ̷ᣬôȥ
Ҳϲ̫Ķ̷˵
極ͷͷʦ׼
ͶµĹأֻҪ¥ʦĲһ¼ãжĺ
̷ͷˣ˰ѺʦˣͷߣȻǷ㣬Ҳͷ÷ǳʶ極ģʣϰ壬ͷʲô²ѽұӶҪˡ
ЦˣˣһҪ԰
ǱģЦ˵ҿǰѽ¥Լˣ첻һξͻܡǿȻˣ˵ֵϰҪעⰡҲ֮ͷвٵѧˡ
Цų˵һлðյþз¥ߡ
㣬㲻𣿡̷ʡ
֪ʵʲôЦͣ²ӣͷԭͲǶеģɡͲµôһˣҲıѧ߽¥ĿˣֻҪ㹻óס˵ġ
ͷ֣ȥ壬֮ǰƵĹ𣿻ҪʱĻ԰ݷ¡
ͷһʮֻ󣬲ã楱˶ʮֻ
Ҳи뷨еϲеϲ嵭ģҪǿζͬһֻܲʣϾҪһԲȥʣûа취ͭһΪ֮ǾͿһ߷嵭Ĺףһ߷ģҲܷϿζͬѡ
̷ӦãҴȥ
極ͷ¥ʱɨ¥ſڰŵĸʾ´ֵȥСŰæˡ
лҪ˵
ߣҽ
ˣҪңҼį
㣺Ŷõ
ˣqaq


39 һ
ȥЩ, ûҵʱ򣬾ͿǰŵĻУͦ忡ﱧż, ߵò죬£תͷ̷˵³
̷ȻҲƼͷĻУüĿصͷ³, ĿǸȥŷ³, ˵ʦ߰ɡ

Ӧһ޸߸һǰϣԶˣЦź̷˵, СҪСнˣ˵ԴСɽ߿ǲһˡ
Լҵרó, ǰɢҪ׬١
ҪСƢ, ҲǰƵ, ܵЩƢõĿˣǮû׬ٻܡ
ϻвСᱻȥã˵ÿ¹Ǯж, ڻз죬ŮҲȥ˲٣ϴ֮ģҲȥˣÿλҪ˵Сĺûʲô²ǶһʱܴЩ¥ʣµĲˣ˵С˵ģǸСӿ˲١
им楣Ȼ˵ȫĺû˵ڽ¥ͷ緹̯Саˣиʶİ壬Ҳ˵Сĺû˵ΪС㣬׬˲٣ǰһûʲôˣڲˡҪٶ׬ЩСӾЩȢϱˡ
̷һֱºͺ˵żӦһ䣬ȴ֪λǲһġ
ŵڰշ󲢼վŵˣΪԶǵòҲܲǵ䣬̷Ц£ջĿŻؼҡ

ʱͲˡ
ԭŵڿǵϤӰʱŲǱճ˵Ƶģ˵ˣˡԴմ뿪ѾкһûˣΪЩӵľ˼ʱָɴǰģΪԼɹˣ뵽ֻǿǵӰɵЦݣġɾ
ջĿ⣬򣬱鱾ֲսһЩ
ȴûзĲͬԾɫ糣غкɣȻ㡣
šӦһû²ᵹڿˣǼ飬ƺ㹻ѡ
֪ûд
ֻϲˣԣǸε̻ſڰ̯˲ûʲôͬ˵ʲôҲ˳ȻԼܼ°
ʼգⶼԼһ˵£СĶġ
ʲô֪
ȻֻԶЩԶЩһϲһˣ֪ôĥЩе㺣ӦľһЩо
룬ӦòǺѵ¡
СԸһ¾ͿúܵӲǿĶҲֻǲСϲһˣٹЩӾͻˡϣָܻǰӣɫغȻòϾʲô֪飬ǲܣҲϣܺӦе棬ٲҪ˼
ھӡ
Сǵѧְᵽңͷ̧ͷϣΪһ˽ڡ
ȻҲɽá
Ҫ˵ģò˶ãλδͻ뿪ˡǸʱô죿¥ô죿¥ܽ˴֪ھλ̷أ˼ʮ꣬ǲӦز죬ȥﶼ㡣
ʲôϰĳĬȻΪСŰղ˵;Σֻǿ΢΢üƺ˼ʲôǳϾ⡣
Բųѯʡ
Ȼ뵽Լղ˼Щ⣬곤ü´Ҳøˣ飬Щûʲô
ͻȻǰ˼ڷйЩе
Ÿոջö˶˵ͻȻ£ȷӦæ׷ȥסˣУʲôȵң
ֻǿ˼ܿͣ׷˼Ҳ׷ˣܾò߹ˣ᲻Щһźһ̧ȥУüʣôˣͻȻô죿
ΪղһСܣ楰ĨΣ촽΢ţˮƽʱҪÿࡣпһҲʱֻ࣬Ǵǰɻȴʹ಻ѣæͷѹɤ˵ոͻȻһЩ£Ǹ
ôҲ˵һһΪʲôˡô˵һ䣬ȴҲû̫ϣϢȺ˱ɫ糣غ˵߰ɣؼҡ
š
˼ǰߣ˼ͻȻһͣ½Ų˵ǸֻСè𣿡
ԶвҰèֻڰèȺèзǳĿЩ̯ŶƤɹ̫ҰèֻͬСèƺѰʲô
ʲô楺
ҲƼˣҲֻǵĸס
ţû뵽ôشգգۣȻЩ㵣̧ͷĸأ
Ƴջأ۵˵֪Ҽգֻ˵ǰҵķߡ
֪飬楻ǵһƼ£вЩпһ߸Żǰߣһʣʲô
ûȡ
Ϊʲôֵ㲻𣿡
гĬһ£˵Ҫ뿪ġ
ʲô˵
üͻȻǼѧ˵Ļǲ٣СŰ廹ǲɣĲУ˵ʲôĬգϾ˽£Ҳ֣˵£Ҫϻˣʲôʱпչһ¡
⻰û˵
ԭŵŽԼٺദȻڻûа취ɫؼٹҪˣͣ²ӣ˵Һһӻæûʲôʱ䣬ҪʶһѻҲסڽ¥ȥҲ㡣
˶٣ɫ΢Щ㵵楣鱾ԽˣͷеĿⲻ֪ʲôطһʣҪ𣿡
ʲôʱпգüЩʱҲû£һǷһٻ𣿡˵Ц˵¥иʦ˸ףҳ£ͷҪˣͦóԣҲ
ҪϲͷǾŪף֣Ū˸ͭһΪ
˵ȻɻȴԽԽĬ
Ĭؿ楣ôһɲǣз·һڵХ˵ԼЩ˼ͻ֪ӱΪʲôˡɻ˵δϲԼԻ߳Ϊİ˸Խܡ
ֻջĿ⣬˵Ǹʵû취
аɡü£Ҳǿ˼ңϾСŰҪƿˣȻϱΪʲôԵʲſϣⱲϣܵǿ۹𣬲Ҫ˿⡣
ʲôпչԻ˵
ûʱ仭Իʱ仹еİɣǵͦϲԻġ
ŮüۺЦ㣬ȴɬѣǳ˻ûû鴹ֻֽţյָˣȴƸоʹ˵Ҳϲ˳԰ɡ
ԭЦ̵⻰Уϲ
ǵĸÿǱԻģոջûʲôڲһĨԾˣۿǰĻУüĬˣով;ﲻԾȻƽʱ٣ЩżҲ˵ˣɽ졭СŰ岻û˵
ھҲȴǰԶ˲١
ɫ˿ȥȻոմչȥһЩǸ˾ü˺ƺڿʲô
ð
ʲôûʱ䶼ƭ˵Ĺɡ
ǲʲôлšü
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һ̷ڱ˵ʲôãͷһȺ˻죬ԺļҪ
Ҫţ߶Ҫˡ
ƽն飬ЩҲŸ죬ǰҴʲôлɻвһ˿ĲýӽʵƢͦõģƾЩ˵ЩҲȥ˵ʲô˲Ϊлһֱؾӱһϡ
ȻΪʲô⸱ӣܹ黹ЩģˣǶѻҲһЩɿ֣˵αں˵ʲôҺװףʲô
űɲԲ
ҲЩˣҲ˺촽šü㣬ûʱ䲻ϻϲԣ
ȻҲĲˣſڣɿǰĵվǱͷ³֣Ǹ
쵰
楱öˡ
Ͳ
ֲǾȱһأ
ĹĵһۣȻ˵̧ǰߣһҲûдߵ˵˼һᷢûиתͷŻкιС
£̧ӣڵֱֱͫڶŮϣδ˵
ƺǰĲˬ楱ֿСһһٵ˵Ǿͷȥ˵һˣ˵Ҳû˻Ӧ̧뿪ˡ
һֱֱӰˣŴۡ
лҪ˵㣺ʲô
ˣ
㣺ģټ


40 
һ·, ֱߵǰźһЩſţ洫ĻЦ, Դ̷󣬼Ц˲١
ԼЩӲȵ沿𽥻ˣ̧ͷߡ

ĸʢһЦ, ջ˵ء
Ц߹ȥɫ糣, ȫȻղűŭͷģӹ̷ݹӲ֣Цʵ˵ʲô
˵СʲôôٻĸЦ˵
һ֣ϵЦͽһ£ҲһĹ⾰ָֻ糣, ְӷŻصһԵ¡˵žϡ
ϻһֻ̣ͷŸõĲˡ
Դϻ˵ĸÿζһЩ, 楻, ͹ȥ, ҲϰˣȻûҪ͹ȥ˼¾, Էˡ
Ե̷Դؿһۡ
ĸҲЩ죬ҲֻˣЦŸҪùȥ̷ƾͱ̷ӣС̷ȻСѾܶˣһæվԸ£ȥɡ
ĸЩԥأ𣿡
ܣ
̷ƹСԼĸ첲ɴˡ
̷ҲһЦȥɣСסҲá
ô˵ˣĸҲûʲôֻЦŶСЩ

̷ӦһͶͷߡ
ʼգ楶û˵һ仰ʣЩ¶ûʲôϵ

̷Ƹ˳ȥͿ߹ĻУæվסСЦ磡
ѭȥƼվ·ߵ̷ƣֿŵĶָһҲһЩ˼߹ȥԾЦӯӯ̷ƣ֣ðɣء
̷ȴҡͷ绹أģ
ɹˣɲŪ࣡ҰýȥɣҲû·
Сִ֣û취ֻͬ˵һл·ҵʱͷЦҲ極ġոջڵŮʱָֻԭģ
´ֵͷ
ҲãûΪܻ¡
̧ߵԼǰߵߵţܿͳˣڻߵ̷Լẉ̂һ£Ӧȥãӹô
̷Цпվҹ
ˣҲûٶЦźǴһкͻܿˡ
̣ǰȴǰΪĬĸ磬硣
ȥɡ˵һ͹Žȥˡ
뿴Ż뿪ӰĬظȥܾüָֻǰˣǰûʲô˵ԹҲ֪ø˵ʲôÿϳԷʱ䣬缴ʹһҲô档
֮ǰѾЩ仯ˡ
šüǰǵͦι¼ŵӰ쵽׷ʲôΪʲôͻȻֱˣȥ㣬뵽յĶҡҡͷø֪϶᲻˵ġ
Ҫ
۾һӦҸɣ
ӦҸ͸һ򽻺ãֻ죬׼ʳʲôأ㲻ʳʲô͸ҲðԽԽĬĸ磬ǵˣ
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ȥ鷿̷ĸüʰ
ôˣĸܾŮ쿴ֵֹģƽʱ˵ľȴֻż˵һ䣬صģͣĶʣǲǳʲôˣ
뵽ʲôɫһ䣬żȥ¥鷳ˣ
ûĸְ¥һжá
ôˣĸü
룬ĸǲͷ˵Һͻел
СУĸһ£ӦȺԱû¸ɵŮˣ϶Ǿϴ˱ûǣˣ´μǲ˺ǵ죡
֪ƢЦνǰ˵ʲô˵ʲôҲΪҵԵʣ˳ûҪĿ
ﻹǲ˵ģҲ֪Կηĸ֣ȻСŰһ˱һŮ˻ںЩܲˬô˵ҲΪԵǳ¡
￴Щɡ
ɽһ棬Щû¸˵лҲһЩ
ģǰȥ˭˵Ҿ˺ǵ죡ĸһ楺˼żá
Ⱥȥ楾Ϳ߹̷ᣬ̷ͬ˵쵽¥ѻеø֮ǰ˻ǮûŹʱһҲûԺˡ
һ뵽極ˡ
̷ȻӦá
ԭ˵Щʲô楽ԲԵ飬룬ǰסˡ

֮楾ûٺͻм棬˵Ҳ֣ھӣǰŶܼˣھȻһζϣɢҲûš
Ҳ֪˹ţûԵ֡
楻ıȽӽ¥ԽԽæˣûϣѾ˳ȥ楴ȵʮʽۣǽ뺮ԵʣҲԽˣմһɫĳһɫĳȹͷһñΧһȦëĶѾܺˣ˸˯ʱ䣬ϴȴû˯¡
鲻죬Ҳ˯þ
ڴϷȥ˯ãԴȥԺһᣬߵԺǾƼ˸ڵĹԼ΢ĽŲ֪˭Сһˡ
ͣסˡ
ƾʲôңģʲô£
һ룬楲ûߣѲӲȵøأһһŲڵڵϵҶϣ¸ƵġøͣĽŲø⳩죬ֻûһᣬ־Լʵ
ˣȻԽԽȥˡ
ŲȥȴҲûͻ˵Լ·Ȧƽ˱ȥЪϢˡɸոջͷһOO@@ţΪ˲ֹ
һֱΪ紾ӣû뵽Ȼ¡
һӽִԱһľϣСŴţ߳˭
ôˣһֱ˵Ļ̵ʵû˵ڴǱƿҲ˲ϱģǽȥչľǰ


41 
ͻȻǰӰԼյľøոջȻԶԵ楲Ŀ͵ؿǰ, ɫ֮£ֻϡһĲϿ, 촽һֱߣƺΪ״üҲ̲ס
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ľֻ֣𪣬޳, ΪָǶ΢΢͹
֪ôܵԼСë, ǰ˸楲죬Ҫ־ʲô
ڹ۲еʱͷСëҲڳɹذ˨ŪˣľЩͷ˨ڵϷһص죬ľűС򿪣ǸɫӰڰɫ΢΢¶ʱ򣬻ľҲ˹ȥ
ʲô
˿ųԼɹĶһ, æͷݣɼʹˣǸľҲļݺݰһ, ƺǸ, ɫ, ʱһʹ˭ң
ʱü, ֻǰüǵǣʱü
ĿſϣƼϤһϮʱȷСëǺˡ
˵ҲԾˣһ͵СôţŻܣĿӻеջأԽǰ˳Զȥ
걳һֻɫͷֻƼһԼļһȥղŴĶ
ȻתͷԺ￴
ԺûƣüǰյΪȼյʱ̫ʱ谵߾ͷˣֻǽǡƱ£꿴һҲֻƼӰһߴһСԼµ˭˼ýˣòҲسǰˡ
ʱưͣȻ㣡
뵽Լϵʹˣһӵľһ߼Լļ򣬡ң
Ǽǰҳߵ֮ͥ
֮ͥǸҲǳ꣬ȻĪһӣҲΪʲôԭ뵽Լ뿪ǰĽոջĻеļüۣ¶ݵЦݣֵܣ֪û㡣
˵ȥŮ
ȻֲŸ˼£оȻôάˣ֮ͥҲû룬̽ͷ󿴣кĵЦҲø߸ߵģС棬û
ЦڿŮӵʱ̽סˡ
գգۣգգۣȷԼûۻȥæջأҲһ˭˵æܣƺȷԼûܴطڵϹܵ˼ȥˣǾˣһǽǼϤʯ˿ûãԼûܴط
԰ûܴŮ˭
Ѳ˽Ů֮ͥ뵽ǰЩС˵ٿȻɴ۾極ĿҲʱ΢
пպ˼ʱҲӻеǰλ֪ʲô֮еİ꿴ȥ
ǰһ ֮ͥڰϡ
ǸʱѾˣŰȹ֮󼸸ӣٳɥǣ֮ͥǸʱģȻ˵£һأʧ˻ƵߵĹľǰ
ǻỹδ֮ͥദּ֪֮ҳߣȻ׽
ٺصңҲǸϳɽ֪º˴һЩǮ֮кܳһʱ䣬Ƕûм棬ټʱѾǱеĶŮеķˣҲһ̣֪ϲǰ֣ڣһЩƷǮ֮ͥһμͻкʱˡ
У֮ͥļ䡣
һ굽궼һֱĬԣüۺű˰ûڵˡ
ǰˣһȥݣȻлҪϼ꣬ȴȻûĳأŸβŶòţֱ˫ΪƵ·ǹƻǼͥˡ
楿ſž̲סЦ
زסЦžҹɫЦģǵԺ˶˹ȥȻпʱʧ֮ͥȻҲһ˲ܿͻع񣬼Ÿ첲̧°ͺߵ˭
ԱüҪͱסӡ
Դպ˵Ƿ֮楾û棬˵ƽˣϻع飬ҲڣЩǮҲ̷͹ģΪԺҲ˵ˡ
񡪡
νӲĿǴ͵ֻӵϣõȴ·ֻ˹
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Ჹһ䣬ʮ졣
ȻᣬȴˣĿؿһۣ֮ͥȴһģʮ죡ǲһû죬Ů˾͵𣿣
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ƾǳڼҺð˽Ůһ뵽棬֮ͥ̾Ҳ֪ڵЩӣû۸
楼һһףһֺòУѽ¥Ҳء
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ӣһҪȥɼܵģû߼˵ļ߳ˣĸ߳Ϊ˯Щƣ楣ô£ں˭˵
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֮ͥһᣬҲ˲ȥǵġ楡
ĸ˯죬ȴǽסһ㣬۾Ŀʵһ㳯ԴȥϮɫӰʱ΢Ρ
һѣŲˤ
ĸֽĸ첲һ̽ź֣֮ͥ

֮ͥĨۿЦ߹ȥס
Сӣܵȥˣ֪֪Ҹ쵣ˣĸסɲǶʱһ߿һȥ֮ͥĸ첲޵þ춯أ³Ѹھӣɤ˵ͷ䣬ȥ˵
ĸͷ֮ͥһûȥŸ첲غһ
ΪӻЩдС⸱ģҲ˻ƽʱ˭º֮ͥʲô
㻹ߣ
˭ĵһžҳߣôϲ͸ҹȥ
֮ͥһ⻰Щ飬뵽ղŵ£վֱӣߵԼ£˵ңҸ˵ᣡ
˵ȥһڣġģģڻˣԺ˭۸㣡˵һʱ򣬻صưؿһ
òС
ĸȴһ֣˵ʲôʲô۸۸ģĸûۼĸ۸
֮ͥĸ֣ԴУ֪ίˡ뵽ô˻ûƼ棬֮ͥЩֵسԱ߿Զ̷ܣէȻƵ̷ܣЩ֣ò˵ͷĴ˰Ҳû棬أ
ò󣿡ĸü
ʲô棿治ֻлкǸŮһ⣬ͷƼ΢Цسüۣ𴽽ǣ֮ͥ𾪵Ŀ⣬Цغ硣
ǡʲô
ĸҲ֪⼸·£Ĩһᣬ˿ڣ˵ǽ˵˵ž˻֮е֮ͥü䡣
ںͷ
楸ҪȥʲôͷƼ뿪Ӱƴƿɫ£ӰúܳҲ͸һɱĹ¼š
뵽ղ޷˵ǰӣü̾˿˼յĿڴ˿̱
楣˼û楣ͷ
ˡӦһȥˡ

ʲô
֮ͥĸǷ֮󣬾õվĿһῴĸһֿһԺȲ楣ƺЩţƽҲڴ˿ԵЩ죬ǻ˼ҵģҵã
û˵Ĭһԡ
ĸۿЩ죬Բŵ˵ͷ
һ£ǰ͵͵Щûô£֮ͥһʱ֪˵Լ̫𾪻ţվԭءһԾȲ楿⸱ģĵ̾˿Ҳܲµ֮ͥ뷨ϾԼ۰ʮͻȻˣ˭Ҳû׽ܡ
Ҳûʲôóĵġ
֪֮ͥЩºʲôӦûУ˾֡
ů
Ͼסʮ꣬һڸжûУЦŷ²յĸ˵ҹˣȻȥЪϢˡ
á
ĸͷЩ˯
ֳ֮ͥ˵ͷߡ
溮ְѾˣ̷ģԼȥˣĸӦҲӳص긮˰ɣǵϱӣĸ֪ºͼææӳˣοԼ뿪ңҲ֪ĸô룬϶Ҫѵˣһ۰ԼҪίˡ
뵽ĸ極Ŀֱ࣬ĸʱȥɡ
˵ȥЪϢʵҲû˯ţ˻飬ȵˮˮѾЩˣˮ߾Ϳ˶ͷ֮ͥʱһ£߸ߵβ˳Ŵڼϣһ֪µ֦ڵдд̻ͷ
֦׵
֮ͥ˵Щʲô̲סͷ
Цôˣ
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ôҽ¡̲סСһ䣬ҲΪͷ˶Բ¡
û뵽ԭǰǸĬԵʱȻӣкЦҲ΢΢ţͣǻ˵ˣҲš
⣬Ҳǡ
ţƻŮǸŮˡ
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Ҫͺ˵ǸҪǲ˵
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楼ٶ嵽һˣԿλ𣿡ϴ˵ȥľӣҲ֪ôˡ
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ҽľӣҪŴȥ˱Ǽˣ˵£һɨǰᣬ˫Ŀ±緢
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֮ͥ⻰ϵЦȡ
֣صͷŵģһúñԼԼµġΪһ極ʱҲûǰĲˣЦ˵һҪѫأԺ󵱴ٱã
ոյ˵¡
Ǻúûã˵ǰǸҹò֡
á֣һɲǵľȣܿ죬Цð
ã˯֮ͥЦź֣˼뵽ʲôֻͷԥʵã֪ʲôʱҵ𣿡
ո˵ȴֻǳĬ˵
һ֮ǰѾˡ˵꣬ɫ΢ףȴеǸ
νҵĴڸУҲ黳͵ɼÿһ٣ɲϣԺΪǸСֲ졣
ϣǸСܵ͸ǰʵؿޡ
֮ͥͷĬһ˵֪ˡȻܣŬЦ楻֣ÿ˯ɣҲȥˡ
極ͷĿ뿪ߺųȥ
֮ͥӱڣΪոǷø粻ˣ뵽ӺڶСƣԴСһֱסڸӣˣȻҪһסˡ
С⼸ռҵĴ̷֪֮ͥʡ
̷Ƽе֮ͥǸÿ꿴ҪǵĻԼСͷŴվһԣʲô˵
ӴСȻң֪˭𣿲ңҿɲ˯
̷һ⻰̵ͷߡ
֮ͥһǼˣվȥİ⼸䣬㲻˯ѵȥ˯
ȥһ硣̷ͷҲء
Ҫžͱּ֮ͥۿ찴סš
С˵̧ͷ
֮ͥȴƤЦ֪߲ȥ鶺ˣϲưͣ
Ųư̷ͣƶԣܽдֵĻбǰֻ۸̫֮ͥˣ
֮ͥ͵ǸСŰʲôõģҸ˵ǸСŰ˯һһۣȥ˯ҲԣҪ˯ĥֽҷţԻᱻ˵ġ
̷һ⻰۾ɵôģһűСͷСʣ棬𣿡
Ȼ
֮ͥӦúԥҸ˵ëɶˡ
楸ЩЦѣȻ⻰ĳɷֲ٣УǸ˯ȷһһ۵ģЦЦҡҡͷͷִû˯Ǹư˯
ǣҽ͸˯ɡ
кЦˮԼߡ


42 
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ˡ
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ϴȥʱĸţûü洫ĻЦĳԽԽˣˣ
ý̵, ĸڰ꣬һת۵Ĺͼֳ֮ͥǼִ͵, ˵ֱӺݺݴ֣ü䵱֮ͥĲҽʲô
ûû͵ԣ
Ҿͳһôˣ֮ͥűֺܲˣֿ˽ĸʱµ, ﶼˣǰ˯ͣ㻹緹˵ҴߣҳԸȶҪң
Ҿһû۵Сײˣ
һǸֵ, һź, ѱĸò, ̲סЦ˻緹, Ƕʮǰˣ㵹ǼǵΡ
Ҳܣҳ߰ʮ꣬Ҳǰĺöӣ
㰡ĸֵĶͷֿͷȥûˣȥԷ
֮ͥһҪȥͿͷ߽ɫӰ楣֮ͥʱ뵽ԼղźͰģƶˣЩվһͷ˴к硣
üĿЦˣ硣ȥĸ硣
硣
Ůڣĸü֮ϲɫҲزס楿ϴֹԷк֮ͥȥһ쵽֪鷿ٲͱԷˡ
֮ͥӦ˺ãǰֳûץһֻ绹ðļͷܱߺóԣ
ӣĸֺЦΡ
ҲڲסЦݣȻûк͸ôദϲлĸ磬Ŀ֮ͥߣȵһһεĸβʧԼǰųĸȥСأ
ȥˣ˵ҪһЩĸ
極ͷߵһȥϴ֣ܿ죬֮ͥ͹ˣһĿΧһ𣬱߳緹˵
֮ͥԵܾ࣬ûԵĲˣʼ뿪ɽʱһ·ͣ㣬¸ϲϣȻǷ¶ޣ˾Ӫ±ѵԵҲУͷʲô룬ķˣʱζˮڵóԸȻԵ̻ʡȳ꣬ҲԵòˣ֮ͥ죬ˣãмº˵
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ĸҪʰĶҲͣҪ˵ʲô
Ҳ
˵ĻǲµҪ˵ʲôûڣֻĿϣĺ󻰡
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ͻеЦݲͬʹЦֻһ´СʯںһСȦ֮ͥЦĵ̫ȣû˿յɣֻϲú㽡
֮ͥϲãĸ⻰֮ͱóĬ
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ĸĵ£
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֮ͥȻ֪˼Сϴӳ;ȢӣҸôϲĻ߸һ춺Ȧһ뵽ͷƤ顣
ҪִӿʼõͷϣԼźڡ
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Ŷ
ոôΪ˶ˡ
ҿǷ򣡡⸱ӣӵۡ
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ĸֿǺڳϾƤٺҲȥˣֻ׿ߡ׿״ʱǺȫˣľͷƵıߡ
⺢ôҲ֪ǰ˵һ
ûס˵׿ףҪ֪ͲĻˡ
ںˣû̵ǣ׿׻һٹ䣬ȻϲһңǵĽǮҪɶУҪպһ֮²Ǯˣǿզ죡
Ǯϵ뵽ܣҲ˲׿۵ĶӣԹ㿴°ģ
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43 
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ĸȴǱһ
ǻǵһαʿ񣬵ȷӦ֮ͥλǣ
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أ֮ͣͥȴЩ޵ݡ
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楼ͷ˵˵ЩΪøĻΣÿ˶׷Ȩûʲôԡ
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⸱ӾƤվûվ࣬û࣡
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ЦҡͷѶᵽһԵĿϣתͷ̷ᣬʲô
̷Ƽ΢΢һ߹ȥ˵ˣҸĸһëƽʱĸʱԴϡ˵ߴһԵİװóһɫ˫涼Ÿĵݸĸ
⺢ӣĸһͬʲôôƷѣ
ġ̷Ц£óһʯɫĻϥ˵ĸ˵ϥܹˣޣպŽʱԴϣ
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˵̷ҫһĬһѵ֮ͥҲû˵極û̷ҫôദôһӶ̷ҫĸҪЩ̷ɫˣЦų˵ûҵѽ
С
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˶٣ЦҲϣ⣬˳ġ
ĸ߹סŮϹЦȴһЩʣõġ
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Īϳ̷ƣü֮ͥӲҲ
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ĸҪѵĻһ󣬺ߵСӻ˵˾˻
̷ῴŲԶһһСҲһЩͣһԱߵĺӣԥ»Ǵ͡
֮ͥʰã̧žͷߣȥһУߵԺӾһŮ磬¡
Ųһ١
֮ͥͷС̷ܹᣬôˣ
̷ܵÿ죬ЩƽһŰĶݸǸġ
Ҳ֮ͥһȣǾϲ̴򿪺һ־Ȼһ¹Ƥס
̷Щ죬ϢҲرƽ֮ͥ΢΢ɫͷ˵Ҳ֪ϲʲôֻĸ˵ϲ캮ұһףƽʱʱԴš
˴׵İ̫˰ɡ֮ͥ׵ֹ̫ᣬ̷һʱû壬̧ͷʣʲô
û¡֮ͥףȻ˴ǺܸмˣллĶˡ
á̷ҡҡͷ׻ϰߺ֮ͥ˵㳯˵Ƚȥˡһ䣬Ҫ𣿡
֮ͥ˵ȥһС
Сưûطɡ̷
֮ͥҲŶ˲㣬ͷݸĿߺųȥ
̷ŶߵüǰͿ˳ĶҲûʣֻǿԺӣأ
̷˵ȥһˡ
極ͷȻû뵽ͻоȻǴСʶѣֻǰˣûôӴҲûл˼ȥעǣŲ֪ξ顣
㣬ôˣ̷ڵƻµЩ㯣ɿʵ
楻عͬЦû£Ȼݡ̷˱û
̷ӦãĿߺŶȥ̷ơ

ڡ
Ų֮ͥвûж˵ʲôֻ˵һյ衣
û𣿡֮ͥһϲЩüý£һӿɬζһڶûֱӷ£ʱһģƲˮҲС
Լһ飬֮ͥòеĲյüͷ塣
Ҳ¿֮ͥƲƲ죬²һ䣬ֿһӣأ

Ŷҽ󰲣һҼҳԷ۽޳ƺԭҲûΣһ̧°ͣʮֽ˵죬ҾҪȥݴӪٹһӣҾҪһȥǼˡ
˵Щһ֮ҲȫԸóС
еû뵽֮ͥˣһᣬ飬
ʲôȥ֮ͥˮӰһ㶡
вδ˵ֻߵһԵĳҳһС̳÷Ȼϴֻӡ
ƣ֮ͥһƼ̳Ӿƣ۾ﻹϺһζûеˮˮһ̣²Ҫȥ̳ﻹոջϸҡ
̳ƣû˵
㡣֮ͥͷһ£ŵһ÷㣬۾һȺȺȣҶþûȾˡ
ӪǺѺȾƵģֲҺȣҪȸ
ƽպٺȾƣȴǲᣬͬյ֮˵ϲóԸ
֮ͥȻôһ䣬Щ˼ͷٺһЦҲû뵽ܽ㶼֪һһӶûУ
оߺȾƱ˵žӪ¡
֮ͥ˵꣬ſУʵ˵ưͣʲôԸҺû˵˵ָԼһյµԸǿɣ
лһյƣԵһڣ˵ǡȡЧһ£㲻ʲôԸ
֮ͥѾȵЩˣ鵭ĻУһưͣôҪĶûаɡ
žյһ١
ůɫ£΢΢۽ޣƼͫ鸴ӣҪĶûУҪˡȴеġ뵽ҹǣԼӵǸˣƽˣͻȻͷȾյоƣָԼһյָĥűϵĻãⰵڵҹ˵еġ
֮ͥỹţضᷢ
ϧѾȵòʡˡ
з¾յ˻ȥ⴫ʯû졣


44 һ
, ϶һ٣ͷ֮ͥ΢, һһϲ֪ʲô
֮ͥˡ
˻Ӧ
ջһ֮ͥϣ̧ȥ
ʱǼżҹ˼Ҷѱ򣬸ڵǻйֻҲûʲôǸ֮ͥĵƻȥ, żȮͺèУҹ˷غš
Ҫͷ, ֪ʲôطСèŲӳͣĽűߣͷһУƺʲôȥ
бͣ½ŲСԴ
ܵͣҲᣬҪȥһ, Թڼҡ
СèԲ۾ŻУһߣĿصսǴɺãżߡһҹ֮, ඼ǽյŻ, δõ, ͷ¹Ҳǰ·ˣһţֱߵһտĵطͣ¡
һܴĲݵ, ɽˮܲ˼ңʱСϲ档
ʱտĲݵȴֻһߴӰ
˴һҹɫڵĺ£ͷɫñԳʹвδձҲ֮ܿˡ¹֮£ͷ΢΢ţĽŲŻͷĿⴥӵò˲ñе˫۾΢΢һ
п㹰һ
ɡ˵ЩƣҲЩͣȥǼʧ̬ͬ˵ϾˣҹЩҪԶţǰ͹
˵Űĺӵݸ
пϺõĻƻľ̾˿ǸʵڲصһˡҲ˲һջǵһл˹
ǰλ֪ʱʶġ
дֻ䣬ÿ굽ʱ򻹻һˣӲ£ΪһλԵżǲôˣֻЩ֪ʱһʣ˷ʲˡ
˶Ƕ໰֮ˡ
ʱĬǺȿ˿ڣҹȥɡ
ǡд۽ֳһתҪ뿪ʱֿź˵һ䣬캮ʱҪúչԼ
֮ñӼҲһ˿ͣףá
Ŀͦ忡ʱ·뿪
ҹżţѻ䣬վԭأĿһգգؿŻ뿪ӰȻʱĻУʵĬԵҲһֱСʱҲлõһ棬ССİΪձʱ̫˻˵ܲϢһᣬҲԲ۾ȵôʲôᡣ
ʲôʱأ
ǴҹܵӵСݣŲ԰׵Сǲҵĵ׵ĶԻҲǵĺǲǣҵĵǲǣ
ǸʱֻĬؿջСϣĿҡҡͷ
Դ֮󡪡
лǻѧϰǱһƵģóĬԣ֣ܶʱһű龲ţһ⸱ӡ
뵽ղǸĬ꣬ЩɬҹֵڴǣҼ˴üֱƲǸӰŷžɽԶ볤̣δ̫ƽ֡
ɡ
ԶҪȥ̤Ǹط
Ŀע뿪ķ򣬷ջǣݵķʻȥ
*
̷һŻյİߴԥ»Ь˼ܣҹµĵ紵һһεģͶͷԺӰ͸ǰĹħƵģһצҪץСȥˡ
ͷԱ߿ǰһ·ǰܡ
ܵǺ˵һȴײһů壬̷ƱײһʱûվȣҪˤȥۼֿץסĸ첲û°ɣ
ûû¡̷վȺҡҡͷ
楼ȷûд󰭣ɿ֣ǰôôû˯
̷û㣬绹û¡
ҲЩȣطһֱڿ˱Լ²ˣỹǿȥûˮݱķˮȡ۸ڣйģ̷˵֪ˣȥڿ£Ȼط˯ɡ
ֿһĽš
ǳļӶûⶬյķ͸Ƶģ楼˫Ŷˣͷ˷纮æǣֻݣָҳһӹˮ˯ߡ
ߵڣûţžͿˡ
վź󣬿վͷ楣ȻҲЩȣм˵˼ǰͷôһʱȻֱͷʣôˣ
ԭʸ£⸱ģЩЦˡ
Ժӳ£ǽ¶óװʲôջҪŵ֣վţüʣʲôţ
ҡ
Բҿ֮ͥˣȥͬ˵һǵġ
û뵽ȻˣҲû˶˼šüȥ˵žֱᲽ˽ȥüţȼһҲˡ
֮ͥͿ˯š
˯ˣվĸ첲磬ѣؼˡ
ô֮ͥûҪļ󣬻Ϊòת˸ͷңϾҪˡ
һֺЦΡ
ЩĻмü΢˵ȥƻᾪĿ⣬Ŵ˵ЪϢɡ
Ҳֻˡ
ȻȥСһСҲչ˲á
߰ɣҺһȥ顣
ԭ˵ãɿ極Ĭһ˲ǵ˵ͷһ֮ͥᵽӣ⻹極һ̤еķ䣬һɾеĲҶ㡣
Żа֮ͥŵϣߵһһӸвϲ˹öͷ𣿡
Եȡ
֮ͥǺñӣȥߵĳһɾݸ
楽ӹͬһлˮˮţŪʪֽʸɣߵ߸֮ͥһ֣֮ͥʡµģüǵ׺˶٣ôô
һС̳ӡվԣ˵Һһյ
Ҳ֪ȰһЩüͷ΢򱡴ͷŹӰúܳԭЩĻ²ˣְ̧˰üģַ֮ͥŻصŻ˵Ͱչˡ
һһ䣬ġ
ҹˣҲôϴɾŵϣ˵ˡ
˵ȥ
極ͷҪȥʱĿɨһֻƻľĺӣŲһ١
ôˣվ⣬ͷ
û¡ҡҡͷǺͿˣԻôܻǻƻľǵƻ谵ƴ˰ɡû룬ʣߵͷԭͬ˵䣬ʼһľ룬ͷҲһֱûǹӲ˾ַСŰˣȴ䣬ɤ˵˾䡰ˡֱӽ˸ӡ
вԭ΢ıһЩڵĻ́ͷյӣվòŹŻݡ
֮ͥ˯úܳ
һۣ˯û㰲ȣֻڴ߷һֻ裬ҹҲȥﱧӣٴϣ⽫һ
һŪ˼ȥ˸
ƻľĽзŵһŷλôڽ긮滨Ǳסŵ˷ǸլȻҲǴ𡭡дǰҲ²˵ݣȴòˡ
ÿ͹Ķ¶ͨˣ
ֻ˲Ը˵Ҳʡ
͹˷Ҫһ𰸵ˣ񡭡Ҳûӵйʱ
һֻľӣණСľдĵһ֣ùĵһ֧ʣԼ塭͵Ǹ˸ҲԽԽˣƺΪԺš
аеĺһ˽ȥľ䴹ĿƺڿľĶƺʲôû
ɫûһ飬ɳŵĮ
ֱĿɨӰһɰűһЩ楸ǸǰѾԵˣʣµƤոһվ紵ɹ
̧չֻɰ򿪺ָظЩֲڵƤ
ڱǼơ
͵з·ʢӣҫֻۣʲôеЩһʧ
ܾúܾǰ֪Լǵĺӡ
ֻǾ֣Ȼ۰ȴǶгѰĹ׽ȴܣƸ֮ͥദҲ˼ҵദ
ֻǸʱҲֻΪﲻó
ֱ
ŷԭҲܺӵĵһģֻܴûиĶԻ֪ԼǵĺӣΪǸ˻ĵҲ˵ǡ
ƺǰһ˱ϥǶ˵طģ
ЩСж£ֻǷǳͨѰһС£ͳԷһСֵ϶õˣƽػҲǸˣǲף֡
ҲûҪȥ̽ѰԼ뷨
ϣǻУеͬҲндֵ񡭡ﻹ͵͵һˣһƲˡ
͹ˡ
ĵ˭ΪλᱻԣҪ
ж˶Ҳûϵ極⣬Ȼù⣬Ǿ͵͵ţȥţʹҲû£ֻҪͺˣ·һЦ⣬ǳȴġ˶˯µҹɫУֻɰ֪˶ãСذеƤŽɰУȻһŽֻʮµС


45 
楻صŷԼֱǵƢ, ʵһľɶǳȣƽʱҲܱʲô, ƫƫÿϻж˸ƵģĪǳһƢ
ϴλ
̧üģʮε̾˿һϴ˯
ȵڶ峿ŻɵĴ, ЩƣüģǴ翪, ʡûͷ￴ͷʣߣͿͷˣ̷͸磬Ƽͣ²ӣ̷ɫغк, 硣
˵ȥ׼š
˵ͳǵ˵ͷߡ
֮ͥȴһ˼վԭأͷһŽͰͺ硣
硣
楳˵ͷ, ɫ糣, ˯Σ
֮ͥᰡһ, һʱֲĹػǻл˳Ҳֱ治ֻС, ã˵̲סǻư͵Ĵ̫ӲˣҲ䣬治ˣҲ֪̿ڱﶳݶڴ
極ǲ֪ûе̿ϰߣԼǺģձҪ̿𣬵˳ǱеҪЩסһǶӣҲû˷ʲô
ֻ᲻ûǮ̿Ͼõ˿̿Ҳͦġ
楾ͦпܣʣһ˯ģ
Ȼǣǲ֪Ǹưж񱣬˵˯һŴ¶Ҫȥϴ֣֮ͥ˵߳楴չȥ˵ҶԺȢޣǲǶ
֪Ӧ⻰øŮ˵æס죬˵ģ˯ϡ
ԭ֮ͥǰǰ仰üСĲУָߣֻ˯컹յòУȴ̲ס˯һϲˡ
ֱ֮ͥǰ˻֣Żع
ʲô֮ͥʡ
ûʲôջĿ⣬żϵĵšüպ󲻿ǰȵòʡˣҪȥսˣԲܺȾ¡
֪̵ľǺȾµˡ
֮ͥҲû뵽Լľô᲻Щ֪ˣҲֻǰȾƣǰҾԲȵġ
ҲС
üɼǵµһ壿
֮ͥһȻָƣοҲǴκһԱͽϧ̫磬˵ͷǵá
楳νΪԼĺѶ˼յƣûȡ鱨ңһսۺôκٽʿҲûܴսϻνл
֮ͥ⻰ϵҲ
ȾĻȻһֱ˵֮ͥǰҲû̫ϣԼǺаյģ̰£µľѲױ䡣
׿ס
Ĭһ˲֣صͷ楱֤÷ģԺ󲻻ˡ
Ȼֻ֮ͥദգҲܿʮŵˣӦŷģȻĻУأ׿ף棬һ׵ˣһգʹƺǸô죿ϸҪԶǼɽ·Զ£Ҳû취
ôô磿ĸѳͿվԺɾȵʵ
ĸϵľζѹ֮ͥ˵һ䡰ȻطѰɡ㳯ĸȥһĨº͵Цĸ˵˯磬Ҳ硣
ĸһ˯ϰߣȻ֪£楷ȥһ̳ԼķȥʣҪȥģ
ĸûʱ䣬ȥðЩ
ȥɽ¸ƽȥ㶫ҪĻƽĸȻû֮ͥȥս׻ǲģȥɽºúðݰݣƽҲοһЩ
ȻӦá

һ˳ţ̷ȥի̷ȥ¥楱ֺһ͸硢һȥɽ¡
ɽڽ긮ǱߣǰҲȥʢիҲóԣŲ뿪ֵȥ֮ͥöԼʵЬࡣ
ԭȥǰĵ̣ҲûҪһҵꡣ
ĸʲôҪ֮ͥһֱ˵·ϴôණҪø߰ײźá
֮ͥĸһѣ楾һЪϢɨϰŵļ壬һīɫƹúܣƼɻĸǸ֪Ǯ˼ңߣæһ嶼˵˸ǰ
ƣЩɶϡﻹûء
һʶȻ֪Щɫǿīɫ壬ͨ巺ڵ壬Ҳ֪˻Ǻڴĥûãһ·ӵϣѳһģһαȤ
ƹû뵽ôλ˾Ȼ壬ԥһ˵ˣīɫʮֺϧôһ·Ʒʣ⣬ұЩ㡣
Ҳ֪ΪΣʱоеӰûԥݸˣɡ
飬һһ֮ͥһ̷ơ
ƹû뵽ôֱʣЦ춼ϲ£ˣæͷӦУԵȣ͸ȥáûһһιӡָӦоУһԸ̷һԸ룬һֻ觵ӣĸԼûʲôرϲģֻһԱǰĸ¡
ôһ꣬ĸ֮ͥҲѹˡ
ʲô֮ͥĸʮѣƣῴ楶ʱҵ˾Ƶģ˹ȥ
ЩΡĸ֪Ǯ᲻ã楻ͷͬĸ˵мӲȥ㡣
ĸȻӦã֮ͥ楣Լͷȥ
ƹǮ֮ͥ˫ĿԲ븶ǮĶҲסˣû뵽ЩȻô󣬼Ǯͷû뵽øǮ
֪ʲôЦҵǮǼǮ
֮ͥһҲЦһûᶫԼţ˵Ժҵ˴٣򼸸ӣҪʲôֱȥá
˵ĵȫȻһҪǮҲֻЦӦðҵŸٸҳء
ߣĸ㣬˱Ѷȷŵϡ
ãǰסĵطԶ𣿡֮ͥźöԥŵʵ
楲µʲôɫģЦ˵ĻһӾ͹ˣҪȥ𣿡
֮ͥʵڵʱЩˣôĻ˵ǰǸҹò̹𣬺οٿҲϣ˵棬ȴû뵽ô̹Ȼػش𣬰ɿЦ̵楲Щɵۡ
楿⸱ģЦ粻ý⣬ʮ꣬׵ģĸ뿪ңҲɾҲȥ̽ġ
˵̹Ȼ֮ͥЩԥһɢˡ
ҲĵЦݡ
ʡҪҪȥʱЦҡҡͷˣ´ΰɡ죬ú㰢á
ĸŸôȥҪش֮ͥȴѾЦǰӹĸ㣬Ȱһؼء
ҲЦûٶ˵һûзǸո뿪ӭ˼λˡ
棬ڿʲôһĸ˿һȥͣ½Ųѯʡ

عҡҡͷסϵĸ첲Цûʲô
˰ɣô⿴أҲ֪ûлؼң֮ǰˣǸʱһصԼļңȻһ㣬Ҳûȥ뾭˸뿪ĵܲܳеҲ뿪
ҴʱԽε͸磬εʧÿÿεǣܻоѡ
ֻΡ
͸һպѰʱȥǿ϶ġҲ楻뵽Լң˵極ӣ֪Ӹ߰ЭҪȻҲĸ״ӡ
źð
Ȼܵ楻˼Ҿȡλá
ϲ֪ʲô߱ߺ˵ĸ͵ܵٹӾܵˣðЩѣͷüǡ
̻عĸ׸ðĶˣҵ˵ҵһīͺ觵ӣʺ͵ܵܡ
Դϻε֮ʢֿд˸˵ϲúͼɻ䡣
Ȼһ⻰ϵЦҲ࣬Ҳ˵ҵνܵһǰīģ֪ôһ壬϶ˡ
ֻЦûάֶãʹƹе֪ȥˡ
һ⻰ϵЦסСҲŰ£Ȼǲŵģôȥˣ첻ǻڵҲ𣿡
ƹʶϻʶģ㺬ǸĶһΣСҲûǮⶫȻҲɣǰòߡ˵λͣϵЦҲزסǿ˴󷽵ĺܣǮûʾһǧĶ
⻰һƺҲû뵽˾
ī񱾾Ѱòײҵһ飬ͱߣȻЩˣ⻹ֺǸδıĵܵܵģ˵ǸܵǸħü˵ϲǲֺԺڸҲȥ˵ȴɤӿ˿ڣˣСϡó
ƹæӦһ
濴¶ĸףǸûźá
Ҳֲ
Ȼ˵ֻ楣ĻضţԲǳ¡ҲˣΪ϶סûվܻˣ뵽ѾͷȻôһζûͬϵ

ü뺰ȥ־ö棬Ҳ֪Σ硭ȥ£


46 
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⻰˵úǱȥ
ʢ᲻˿ϵЦҲŨ, ⼸·Сȥ׼˽˵ģҲΥ˵˼ϷȥСˣȻˡ
СˣС˺, ֶѾźصҰ֮סùߣ
ūϾȥ˵ЦСҲѧòˣȴС, һϥТ˳, ͷ˻֪ôĽء
һ⻰, ĺ촽Ҳ̲ס΢΢һЩźԲزסĸˡ
ܿѹȥƲ, ҵǲģѾͷƢԣҿɲָТ˳ҡô˵ҲûһѾǰϵĲһڣеȥɽ˽ӻɣҷãЩӣ᲻ãҲ׼պܹ̽Ҳʮ꣬զǼҲ塣
ȫȻû楿ϲϻ
УŴõ֪ǧ𲻵ֵܵطҰ֮ŮٴĴ¡
ʢȻҲ楻᲻ϻٴԹҲˣ˼伲࣬Ҳ֪ĺˣЦӦǣ˵ͷȥȥѴСʰһ飬ڴСѾ߶ڣź񡢰ٳ֣ضôСġ
ף룬˵ǱߣͷЩȥ
ԼŮϽദҲǲȻϣ極ĻԼŮġ
ʢЦСƢˣЩʱ򲻻ͬ˵ѴС㺰֪Сϻضˡ
˵ˣ̧̧°ͣȥɡ
ʢֱһȥѰ˸Ѿͷ£ȥʰǰסӣһЩϹӽ˵Ƽһ䣬ղ˵Сһ觵𣿡
˵ϵɫЩÿһ߽ӹʢָõĹӣһ߳˵һˡ
һϲ解ֻ١
˵ʱͦˣ뵽Ȼᱻߣƫƫôɾһ˵һøĸģ˵Ůĳּ󷽣˵Ҳʮͷһ룬ԭִ˸ۿۣͷ楻Щ档
˵⼸ѧòͷģ⻹ǴһС
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˵²ȫȻûע⵽԰׵
Ѿƻ裬뿪ĘǺ޵գ̫磬Ҳ䣬ʹЩ⣬ȴһ㶼ܲͷ¶ȣֻǾú䣬䣬׹һ㡣
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ĸиӽ긮뿪ȥһ˽¥ɽһ̷Ҹϡ
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̷꣬ͣ½Ųԥº˵ȥүˡ
極ͷµȥ׿ˣҲû˵ʲôһ׿׼ûҲû飬ɸǴСһ𳤴ֵܣٲҲ˵ϾͲֵܣҲˡ
ǷѣҲǰǰ׿ˡ
ȥһˡ̷˵
Ƽ̷΢΢ı飬Цôң
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⻰ټسĬһᣬŵͷüģЩε³ڡ
ҲǸ̬ȣзǽľٶǸøмһģûôСںʮ꣬ҪСĻ
ȥˡֻӺ̷˵ûͷ˳ʱ䡣
̷ȻӦãĿ뿪Ű˵ü䲼á

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ûֵ楣ŵĻ£ǰ˻βŷӦֲزס˺ȸԾͷغ㣡
ô˰ЦŴۡ
ŴЩĸ첲ֶɿĸ첲˵㶼þûˡˣ˵󻰣Щ
楲˼˵ǻᣬ˯ˡ
һ˵Ӿ¥еæˡȻ˵ΪͻжԼĸ첲̧ͷ˵ôʱңҲڼңҲҵһϲ㣬Ͳ㵱Ůˡ
ŲС
ӿսĬĸ磬ûȥ㣿Լʲô˵ʲô˵ĹϵӲãһֱšһˣ
Ҹ𣿡˼Сѯʡ
極ûô뷨ɫ糣ͷЦҲ㡣
Ϻ˺һ仰Ͳ˵ֱӱѹĻС˵ȥ㺰Ȼ˵ǰ㣬Ҹ磬ͲŸܲ
楻δӣ£Ӧסĸ첲Цô
һֻľСӵݸĿ⣬Ц򿪿
ԹԽӹ򿪣ͷһһͲˣ̧ͷګګ㣬⡭
ġЦ
У̫ˣҲա˵žҪϸӻ楡
ĸ첲ҲЦȴ๣Űɣصظģһԣһԣһԡ
ĶͣĿҲϣ楱Ц˵ûʲôѣ͸˵ˣʶͰû뵽¡
ü䣬֮ᶼˣܲҪܾҰɣ
һ⻰ﻹһԼΪ׺ߵԵʣҲûʲôѣܱ極ܸˡԥ£ûٻУҧӣС쿴楣С˵ûʲôǮͷҸɰòã
ԭ˵ãСִŵĿ⣬£Ҳ͵ͷ
ǽȽȥᣬҸȥ硣˵źתǱܡ
Ŀ뿪ûü䣬վԺ￴Ǽûֻʣͺͺ֦

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楱ҵʱͲˣֻǰԼ˼ûгȥ飬ѾöһҳˣԽԽĽŲԼ̾˿üۡ
˵׻Ƿе飬˿ڣ֪ˡ
վû취Ķ޶ãʹѾֹһθԼֻҪԶԶͺãɵĳԼǰҪʲôʱûܾ
ߣƼһֻСվ⣬ۿЩ죬ôˣ΢΢üѯʡ
ȴֻҡͷĨۿС˵磬ǸܺúˣϲһҪסȻԺһڵġ˵Ҳܻô룬ֱԼܣͷĿռȫǡ
ŴȥӰԭվ˺һᣬ̧ųͷȥ
£һŶɫ̰Ůվ£ͷȫ¶Ժ󼸹ɱӣδֻҲ˼黨°΢΢¶½ŵëޣ紵ϴŵǶɫıһһεġ
ð𪣬ƽմȽأ·Ŀɰ룬˿ŲĿѣơ
ƺǲڿ楻عͷƼվԺɣüϰ𣬻磬ôô
ͷɲǾͿջĿͷʱĻ˫ֽȭ¸ɬĴᲽȥվǰѯʣʲô£
楱ͦƽ͵ģ⻰ʱЩˡ
Իͻȫ̬ȣ԰̬ȸΪ˺ԻʲôӣҲ֪ԼУû˵ûҾͲ㣿
뵽Ыģ־ԼϸܣһⶫͰͰ͸Ÿ˼ҸͲ
ͷģͷ뿪뵽Ķ˲˷ѵϰߣ˹ȥš
˵ӣʵ룬Ҳࡣ
ʹŪôһ£̽סǸӣ⿴Ӿ֪ͷĶˣĿⲻؿǰ楣ƺʲô˼
楷ԼÿغͻദͱȽķ꣬˵Ҳ˵ҲҲ
ɤ˵ı˻㰮ҪҪ˵žת뿪ˡ
ɻû߳ƵΪʲô
ʲôΪʲô
Ƣúܣšüعͷδ³ƼɽеľУĿһգգؿűΪʲôôãΪʲôôңһ˵ô໰ǼҪһ𰸣Ӷϵʵ楣ɬƣ㵽ʲô


47 һ
ʱɢ, 类ҹǡ
һƬڵ֮£Ůңңԣδɢ, ʱȮͣԵô˴Խף˲ںҹ֮У˫ȴ߬еľУĿһ˲˲ؿ楡
ʱǴλҡ
һôеҪ֪һ𰸡
߬ľеΪָ̫Щ, ǽ͹ɫĽֱ, ʵЩ۵ģοĻľеı߽ǣȴδ죬ִֵؿ楡
ͳԵġ
ûǮæѡȴֻѡæ
Ϊ÷纮в
񻹸
ѵһֻΪ𣿻᲻ᡭҲԭֹһθԼʱҪ̹ȻҪؾӱֵĻ, ʱȴģǽ΢ϣͿʹͨͨ·𼴽ҪӺ
ƫһ¡
ԽĻŲԳֵʱϾԽ, ¶ǰĻż䵭Į
鱾Ͳôˬ, ⻰ǽü, ԭǰƵĴһ䣬·ֻԲ㷢ԼеĲɿǰŹѵ, ͻȻһͷ
ƴδ˻ҵģ
ͻȻ뿴һ˻ʱʲôӡͷԭҪ뿪Ĳ¹˻˵Ϊʲô
˵ЦųǱ߿ȥżĵЦݡ
һ˵ƣΨϾδƣڵҹɫУСһȥ۴źᲨˮ⣬·ʢ´ˮĺ촽΢΢ţű׵ƽջҪġ
ƽʱ˱ҲŰ۵ľ롣
˵ӻΪǼ˵˼ÿÿ楶ԶԶġ
ɴʱΪ極⣬ȴúܽ˴˵ĺһ𣬷紵ŵϵҶ붺ܲܿһ棬֪Ǵס˻ôվԭжŨӲͽֳչȥһЩ촽΢ţĿ΢̧ЦУɵǼɵѵûһ٣ЦԽģϲ𣿡
ɲǼ䡪
սĵƺȻֹ
вŵĿϣľеָЩ˲òɣĻеľǲǻ֮촷ۣͫ΢򣬶ǰȻֹͨͨ
ϲ
еһͷǲţȻƼ˫ӯӯеЦ⡣
ԭƽľеҲɿһЩ˵ʲôܣΪһ𰸣Ȼδеʧ
ֻЩЩѹ
֮⣬̧һЦԶУ롭һһСˣסѻԳ档
˼ͷ
һĨԼ
ΪһĳüҲ
楸ոһգգ뿴һĻУҲȷԸǰ겻ŵӻǰǻĻֻһ˲
ܿ졣
ǰŰָֻԭģ
˵ʧǴܣΪ˶Ҳϰ⸱ģݵزּάԭľ룬ü㲻ţ
üɱľдķĿδش
Ѿб˼š
аɡ
Ҳûָš
ΪⷬŪǰеĲˬѾɢȥųüµЦʵУǲǲˣ
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ȷˡ
δŪ
ûһ˼ȴҪá
ѾƴԼŬӱˣȴûûҡ
˵ġ
زסԼġ
ѾԶԶͺãֻҪһůЦգʹ֪δϲԼֻǵѵǰ£޷Ƶس֮С
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˵֡
أвûаѺӻصԼ
һʲô
ķ極ϣͷõģģѹģġգ³ޣЩͷһ̾Ϣ
̧ͷʱ
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˵ҵģҪ
ȻѾģˡ
ůһ㣬Ҫһ㣬һ΢̰һůͽһ
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ָſڣҪҪġ
ȻûнֵֹģҲû룬ˣҲûٴȥ˼ǰ˾䣬ҪˣԷҪ𣿡
š
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楱ʱⷬˬŪ£ΪֵþһأһҲûʲôڰںæӦһȻ˵ˡͷҲصˡ


48 
վԭĿ뿪
ʹѾƲӰ, Ҳûת뿪
۾˸ڣڴĻЦ, ȻӵѰ極Լʱ˵βҲ΢΢ĵʱͻõͳ, ʱ΢΢ʹôԶ, ˲ĺ顣
Ϊž۶ô𣿻᲻һ㡭ͬйأ
ս
ΪʲôˣϣԶˡ極ЦԲϸָḧֻľеı棬
в֪Լʲôʲôû롣
յĺգֻҲϸ΢, ǰЩӿʱľʱ龹Щس
۾վԺֺƶ޹ء
ֻǸ˵һ΢΢ĹӴʼնǣҡ
磿µĵ߳лվԺ, ֿ˿һ, û極Ӱ, ʣ𣿡
š
лˡ
˵ľ, ߣߵüǰʱ򣬻뺰סŮԥͳͷСʣ磬㡭
վסŲǰŮڸڻЦӳ£Ĭһ˲ǣϲ
һ̹¶Լ顣
ǰŮԵɴ۾֪ǾȻ˵Ļǲֱ̹ȻԼ飬дŨ̵ܾĽëסеָḧľб桭ǰֵӳ˵Ӱ
ЦգľеָʱսһЩ
ЩӣƴеŬԶЩһлصȴ޷Ƶس֮С
򵥵һ仰һЦеŬɾ
Ǿɡ
ˡ
δҲãϲԼҲգϲ˾ϲˣӲҲ㲻Ҳ׵֮׵ůˡ
ʹһůʹпܻһů

ˡ
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̶̼ʮֻ꣬ԶԶϣܺԼЦЦʹǿЦȤҲû£ʹϲҲûϵʹԺվҪȥҲˡ
̫̰һ֮׵ЦպůûҲã̰һʱҲգֻҪʱʱƼǾ͹ˡ
磬㡭ȷˣ𾪸Ȼϲ㣬𾪸羹Ȼ̹ȻֱԼ⣡
Ǹһ̹¶Լ飡
ϲһĨزסЦݣԲ۾Ҳҹɫ»ӯӯЦ⣬Ҫһˣֻ͸ˡ
ֻЦ⻹ûãͱеһ仰ϣϲҡ
ĵЦݽϣŻУӦæ룬ãôܶһ˼ûУƵȷ˶ãԥ£ҧ촽˵ûУԺ󱣲׼Ҳеģǧͷ
òײŵȵԼ⣬ɲϣ֮ǰ
ＱòУеȴǰǸģûΪ¶ʵõһʱҲôģֻСʵ磬ôģ
⻰ȴʲôû˵ֻ̧ͷ㵵Ŀ£˵ȳԷɡ
߽ü䡣

ȳŻص䣬пֻľУ֪ʲôʲôϲ͸Ķѡ
㹻ˡ
˵ҲЦԴ֪ԼǵδڴӣΪյʲôϲֻľУʹδ򿪣ྐྵѲ
СشľУ΢΢ζƼźĺһī
īͨ·ֻӵײһģЩȻȥε̬ɫ΢īһһḧ
ӦŽʱ򿴵ľ⸱档
鳤м꣬м俪ʼͼûԼλѵйʲô飬ҲŰľͷɽա
ǸŰȴɫСذϵԼϣḧ棬ط·ڸ˵к¶Цݡ
Ⱥʹ̻
һûУﱧŵϣЦӴҲ²£͵İɣ
ϰ˻еƢԣԭҲûָܻش뵽еɿһۺվֱӣһֱӳĻ
ҪŵĶһ٣ӦĿؿһۻС
ȴδתߣôˣ˵ߵյ衣
Ӧѹ죬̧Žݣߵְ嵶һţ˵֮ͥԷ𣿡ķһ˵ⲻ˵鲻ãҹ⿪⣬Žпվ͹ˡ
˵һ٣зЦ⣬㣬ԼŽˣ
š
еͷȲ裬еĵЦûˡ
ӦͿӣ͸èһƵģòУҲȣչȥһԵѯʣӶʲô˵˵
ʵ̫ˡ
Ųյ̧У

֪С
ӦϰˣҲź˫ֳԺţߵǽһЦʵʲôʱĿڽеã
⻰ȴóĬ
ôˣ
ӦͲԣֱӣü
û˵ĲյϣָۣڱԵϣ˺һ˵δ򡣡
ʲô
Ӧɫ𾪣ŵؿŻУͻȻվѾͷʲô˼˵žҪߣδһ˴һ䣬ֻҵѣҲ֪ϲ
ӦͽŲһ٣üͷУʲô
ûʲôϲһˣǸδˡɫ糣·⻰˵ĲԼ
ڴô
ӦͳֿۻУҲ˸ǰȥ˵ûЦѲ㻹㰵ףʲô˵һػߣ˵δԾ֪Լ¶ˣֺֺЦУС
أ
п˵ˣȻôˣ
Ӧһòε̧üģ˻ȥЩ˵Ҹһ
ûʲôһġлǰǸģۣ壬˵֮ߵʸûУǻһʼͲ˵
ϣԼúӦһӽ˵ʸûС
ӦͿɫȻĻУſ˵ЩʲôȴֻҡҡͷһƬĬ˳Ĭԭοе˴ʱԼҲƵòУ˿ڲ裬ɬһ·ⷺ䣬һȲ߲裬²յʵо𣿡

ȥá
Ӧ˵ߡ

֮ͥ극ȦʱͿкӦݶϺȾƣһͶʱվԺŭðȻҺȾƣ
֮ͥԭĬȾƵӦ͵Ц̽ԺӴ˰
Ѿӻ֪֮ͥ
֮ͥһЦһֱӲݶƬѾкüվ̳ˣòУưͣͰ־ƺȣŸôһ̳ӣ쵹Ǵ󷽣
ƽݶһԺһһ̳Ӿơ
Ѿ˲٣ȴδ˫ĿҲҲֻǿ֮ͥһ䣬ôһ̳ӣ㲻ҲòС
֮ͥ⻰µ۾ɴˣƺû뵽ư;ȻҲ˵һ졣
Ӧ;һЦǣ֮ͥµ˵һ̳ӾƵݸЦˣȾưɡ
ߡ
̳֮ͥһԣȾƣ뵽楱֤ģһ٣Ƽ楴üæã
ԭȾƵĻһһ٣æͷѭȥÿ̧ͷ
µĵƻϣͶٻɫû뵽ǻݶŮɫ΢ӦЦôˣ
֮ͥûע⵽ѵ楻˻ľ̳Сشãҽܺȵ𣿾һ㣬ȣ
楱Ͱ͵ģŪǺЦΣֵɣӦͺͻжǿεˣЦȰɡϲ⣬ֻǲˡӦ˺ãֳкӦ͵˵ͷһӦ磬ݶϵĻС
һ£īйݶϡ
ݶߣΪûڵɫϣƽҲ֪ǲΪ˾ƵԵʣ˫һ뵭ĮķҲڴ˿ӿֳһ˿ǰûйķ飬ӯӯˮб楿ʧһ
ȻعջĿ⣬šü
ﵹЩ죬û뵽СŰȻҲᱧž̳˯ݶϣΪ£һӶüȴδԣߣѾûͷˡ
֮ͥߺϲ̵ؿ˾̳Ӧ͵Ц㵹õĻ
һҧ죬һһ㶮ʲôǹң˵Ⱦ㵱С˵꣬ͻȻƼĬĬеľ̳ŵһԣֵưͣ
û¡
²ҵ°ڣͻȻˡ


49 һ
һ, Ͳȣ𣿡֮ͥɴ۾òС
ǰҲûôưͺȾƣÿ˼, ưҪôǺȲ裬ҪôǵһƴӿʼȵƻưͲȾƣ֮ͥϲȰƣȻ壬Ҳû˵, תͷȾƣƼϹŵǿ, һչȥǿ壬壬ôоļ
ɫ΢°ڵĶҲͣ
ͷ֮ͥɫšü, ƺ˰Ҳû㿪ʣģ
ǲˡ
֮ͥ˰Ҳǲҡҡͷ, ҿ˰ɡ
һĴ, ܿ׵Ժ, ˿ھָ˵ҽҲ˿񣬡˵һƴڲص̲סҫľϵŵλֵ̧ܿ°, ߵģôÿɣ
ҵ楽һ֬壬ʽͳɫҲǳ
Ӧһ壬¾һ»вˣɫ糣һ仯ûУֻǿһǿ壬ջĿ⣬һƬ½Сزǰ֮ͥչĵطûʲôŶһ
֮ͥһ˵ҵ϶ã
мĬ塣
һʲôûеӦͿСҫƵĽϾЩεüģȲȾˣ
֮ͥҫɹͰ˻ȥƣʵóȾƣƺ󾢻ûһᣬÿʼ˵ˣһӦʲôʱϱҪϲƣһ˵ԼҪȥսǼյ󽫾ȻҲ֪ôˣͻȻ𵱳뿪ǰӦеĻĸ첲˵ưͣȥüûҵʵϱ
ģԺ˴ȥ˳ٸҸϱ
˵꣬ҡͷŻеļ򣬡ҲֻܿЩֵܰæˣҪȻôһӹӦ磬ϡͿͷû˵ĵطһ˵ǲǣ
ӦͿѾҲűֿ֮ͥһޱȵĻУЩһѾҪ֪֮ͥҲϱĹֵͶӶ˼֪ôء
ҡҡͷֺһھƣǳûӦǡ
֮ͥӦиǸ˵ĲС
Ÿ첲û˵ֵǼǵ÷һ֮ͥĸ첲ûˤȥ
ˣưͣϲʲôĹҸŵ㣬ͷҡ֮ͥ뵽ʲôž̳ʡ
ӦͱΪвῪڣû뵽Ĭһ˲Ŀ˵ϲü쵰촽񣬱ӲС̫ݣˡ
ֻܵͣݶϵ
ӦһȻؿûסЦһüһⶼ˵ˣҲûȥܣһԼȾơ
֮ͥһԺüôоļĹϸ룬ǰһŽҡҡͷʣأ
ӡ
˵Ƣԣʱףʱ̣ЦҲüΪ˹ϴȣɱϣȫѰЩɫӳ··һģᣬͷԺӣĿⶨǼůɫƻӣǶö極ĴӣƼһӰһ飬ʱʱʼһ¡
ͿǸӰ˵ʲôá
ֻҪʲôϲ
㻹ͦġ֮ͥһ䣬˵ʲôȴһͷ˯˹ȥ
˯ˣӦû֮ͥʻС
š
ˣӦ
֪˵ʲôгĬһ˲ֵ͵һˡ
ӦͲͷƼɫĬȴᶨӣ֮̾ൽ׻Ǹ֮һЦǾ̧͡ļ򣬡Ͱɡ
֪еӡ
£˭ȰûãҸ֮£ԭҲȰˣȰãҲᵢЩˡ
ȥɡ
վ½ݣ֮ͥһȥ
еӦͽӹ֮ͥͷһ˾䣬أʲô㣿
Ӧһ٣һЦϴ˿ȴЩĬһ˵ûʲô㣬£Ҳûг׵˼Ҳһ˼ûУ
˵Щҧгݡ
ƳԺ߳ӰֳŬŬ죬˹ˡ
вͷȻƼŶ񣬶˳ƺҪߡ
Ӧ֮ͥĸ첲ѹɤͬ˵Ȼϲͱʲô²µˣûףô˭Ҳ֪δǸʲô˶֪Ҫϲ߶ˣδôһӰӶ¶
ĸľͷƵֻ֪ţַǳĵȰóʱǵó֣ȻԺ޵ʱ򡣡
˵ž֮ͥ
֮ͥ죬
Ӧͣȥ˯
Ŷ֮ͥͷ˷ȥ
Ŀȥ˿ͼ䣬ͷԥ£Աߵľֶ̳˼ھơ
һ£һţľƺһʱûһЩϣҲסԣͷƴѹſȥ쵽ſڵʱһƴŪͨ죬ȻŲߡ


50 
վ, ͷĽŲջ֣Ѿ⴦Ϊŵ, û뵽ű򿪣ǰľȻǻС
һ˵ĻС
ƽķʱӯӯˮ⣬մ΢΢죬紵ϵ÷һ㶼زסǼꡣ
ûĻС
極ü, ʣǺ˶٣
еһװ, Ҳǵһƭˣֱ極۾׾ӵĻԲҽҴֻ΢΢۽ޣַţͷ˵, ࡣ
ֻһû·ɫһͷྡ󣬴ʱбīڰշ, Խĵ
ҪƽʱһЩС
Ҳһټ, عü, ˵˲Ż˵Լȵò࣬Ҫȵò࣬ϵľζôôŨԱոϵľζҪŨһЩ
楿, Ĭһ˲˿ڣվȥһЩ
һ䷴ĻҲûУջطŵַ࣬ԹԱŲŲ
極õԱ̧߱ŽԺӣ˳ְϣ»ͷ˭·Ƽ⸱洫ȥǰСŰҪͷЩˣһӦֿһվߵĻУ˵˵ҲԣôԹվţȲˣҲ˵楻ǽüôҲ֪չԼʹôһѣ»ͷ˷纮˵Լط䡣
бûȻߡ
뵽Ӧ͵Ƿ´˫ƼҲнŽţһ㣬һ˫Ũܵ۽޿楣ɤ˵ܡ
˵Ҳûǰһ
˵糣·ǰ㣬Ųһ̾Ҫȥ
СģۼֿæסȴûȣʢѾľƺʱһ룬մʪӡ
бΪĲ٣ʱ⸱棬ɫȴ΢΢һף޾ûڣµɿսűͷŮ۽ޣ˺ԵǸ⣬Ǹҡǹġ
˵Լߡ
ĲȺúʰ¡
ȴֻûس˵ʲôߣ˭ôƵģȾƾͱȣƽն˭ʱ
շ죬ƺ֪Լ£޴صͷ˫ֶԾһ𣬼ĻУҲȫϵĻˣʱģЩˡ
ԭĻʱЩȥˡ
ɿ첲֣ԼüģΣǹ㡣˵˾䣬¡
ҲûУԹԶǰߣѶŵʯְʪ˰صһ²ת߹ȥߵԹվԭصǰûԥس֣߰ɣȷط
Ŀⶨؿֻ֡
ɫ£ֺҲһʵ¹⣬ǰƽȥսһ飬飬顭ͻȻɬ־ô̧ƺ
֪ϲһʲôӡ
ϲ楣Ǽ׽
Ϊһ˼ֳٳٶû̧極ȵòͷüʲôأ
˵ֱǰסĸ첲ȥ׿ǣҸӦأ
ڶԣɻȴһ㣬ֵֻöѣ·ӵͯ߷һı
ž˶ʧϡ
΢΢üذְĿڴ·𲻰סľҪˡ
ôˣûͷְĿڴüǵ಻
λеˣԼʧ룬֣û
楿һۣȷƲʲôĿǰǰߣһ֮ͥ˵
ȥͷ˯ˡеص
ǿֲܻȥ˯ˣЩΣ죬Ҳõﲻ֪ͬ˵Ҹˣͬ˵£ܺȾơ
иҪӦáŮֹôˣҲǸ˵ĻܼסŹˡ
ҪѿڶĻʱںкסԼûڡ
ûȴüͣ½Ų̧ͷ꣬С֣Żɺ̽𣿡
˵ôһ㶼ڡ
ող˿仰֮ʱʹƲҲܲ̽ĿԼϣдû£Ҳ̼ùһ򶨣ʹ£Ҳ¶ʲôߣԭͷ˿òʱ΢΢̧۾¶һ˫ˮʵķ
޵ĿҲ極ϣʲô
楴ǰҲʳģʽƵĿˣЩ˺ƾ͸˸ƵģЩߴﹾֿЦЩϲ裬Щư·һѾͷܣҲЩ˺ƺʱ죬ҲЦ˯Ǳúܶ໰˿⸱ģĻУĬһᵹҲûɣ˵˾䡰ûʲôǰߣ˼ﲻȾƻô࣬ǰô֪ô̰
мδɣ˿˻ֹȻδע⵽˵Ǿ䡰ǰע⵽ˣҲ롣
˼еȥ
ûע⵽ԶһûеƵĿͷ͵ǡ
Ӧ͸ղŰ֮ͥٺãҲϴ˯ˣû뵽¾һŲ⣬һˣϵģӺͻľͷ˭
û⣬
ȻƼǿòľͷװģƭ˵Ρ
̾ڴϵ֮ͥ۾ʣҪˮ˵Ҳû˸ˮۣԺվȻˣһ˿ģվű͵͵һǿͷϳӦͱĹȥʵʲôأҲҪ
Ӧһ̹ţת֮ͥôˣ
ﰡ֮ͥȻ⻹ŨҲѣɿֵ˼ȴģʲôöҪ˵Żǰ˼
Ӧô
Ҫ֮ͥǸֱþƶˣƭͷߣѹɤ˵ûʲô̲ס̣û뵽ǿľͷƽտŹŰ壬£ͦģġ
浣ɵСʲôأܱȲá
Ӧͷģ֮ͥûʲôҲֻЦûûûʲô
֮ͥûϷֻ˻Դֵ԰ʲôţ˰ŶҪˮ
ӦͿĵģˤæˣϴţҸ㵹ܼܲƵչˣƵĵûչˡ
֮ͥ楺

ʲôû
ԼԼһϸ΢죬ܿûˡ
ѧˣտڲ̸ֻǴһ˫ʵ۾Ժؿ楡
һ⸱ģ֪ʲô𲻳󣬻ķںԺͷӦǿͷǸӦ͵ɣҪֻиҲͰˣɻӦڣȻȥվԭһҲûŻߡ
ոջݶȾƣҲûطȻδ
ڽɫƿԭվһᣬڵĲֱŻ˴£ҲûƼӵӰʻУأ
дʱںҹ֮УҲƼߣǳһᣬָһط
˳ָķ߹ȥԲһᵹҵ˻ӵӰ򿪻ӿ򣬺ܿڵӾͱ
ˣҲûͷϴһˣǸ֣Ѿˡ
ߵǰˮһԵĴˮ򿪸£ˮţ楱ӽʪӡ
Щµʱ
ڴϵĻһ˲˲ؿ
ǰѵྭһ·Ѿƽ̣ڱѩһȵĻѣĿעæµӰвڰķʮͣһŵĴҲ鲻Խ΢΢һЩֱŮתոջ˫ĿһװǸʵģؿ楳ԽԽٲȻһ˵ģ
楹ûɣĿһ·ԼҲֻʲôԼ
װҲһЩҪԼ£ʹʱҲֻάԼŵǷӦһƵĿ֣ʡö˱楼⸱̵ģȴЩͷһ䡰ˡȻзӦͻȻǰ㡣
ůӸԼϡ
иܵϵȶԼڶߵϢȻýӲŨ̵ܾĽëһһĿǴ͵ؿ楣¹µŮȴûһۣһǳõģ϶ȴʮᡭϲ֮ԴԼװͷһգգؿ楡
Ҳδ롣
ֻǱţ֪ģﾹһЩ˵϶һ٣һűܿڵͫû˵ʲôҪˣҲŲ
֮ȫǲͷ϶ȴŪɱŸеᡣ
ɾе֣ЬȲҲñŤǰ谲ǵʱҲչ˹ĻС
ȻԼҲûٱչˡ
ŵĽǶԿϹŵ壬īɫѹƬɫϣȻεһúϵҶԣ˵İ䡣
Ϊ˱ܻ嶼ϴû뵽ѱϣɫҲԾһЩ
ְ̧׹ŵӸƽ
ûע⵽νΪͫ΢ʮָ߬ٵķҲױһɫ


51 һ
楲δע⵽нκǷ΢΢һɫ, ֻڲָµĴʱΪһԭҪջصָûסֳǴ¡
Ǵ
С, ʹѣҲܲͷ̲ص
ƽʱһ磬ȻȻΪˣ˸ճɻʱΡ
ůɫϲ¡
˴һüĿ, 忡ͦΣ
ɳ, ޳ĸ첲ʵͦε˫ȣסʱԵƴƵĵͳϢˡͻȻ߬ס楶ԹµĻ䡣
û뵽ᱻԴ楲ֻ̧ͷڴϵȴû, ǵͷͷīɢмȴմ׵ڵķӳ´һ˿ǰδеĹƻ
Ϊѻĳ΢΢, ʹ˿۵, ֻƼһŷĿԼҪı
ٿϸЩ, ܷѹֿƶԵЩ°ͣɻֹĺᡣ
ȻĻУĿ΢, ʵ統һ仰˵ˣƽȻ񱲻ͬ˿ȴҲǲŮɫ
᲻Щµʱ
˻±ץʹ楣ʱҲЩڴǰɫӳ£ȹأͷŵͷ۵ĻУϵ飬Ҳľ׷¸ΪţѹͨͨСغˣУ𣿡
вȻع񣬵ʹĿֻ߬ϣδгһգ֡
еͫ΢ֿȷӦɿ極֣ǶպѩȵĻ棬ٲɿֻ¾Ҫʹڻǳȵӣʲô죬ȴʧȥа취֪ôֻܱ۾һ
楱ͻȻһ֧һȴ˫Ŀգǵͷ˯˹ȥ
У֣ļ򣬿ɻ˯ȥֻһû
˯ˣ極ૣϻЩ죬ƺû뵽˯ôͻȻϸһҲûҲû룬վոձ߬ŵƼԵĺۼɵ͵²һ䣬ͦ󡣡
ǻ˯ȥԼ˿
ҪոǸǰٿĪ磬ոԼʲôǹϻͷˡҡҡͷźڴϵĻУε̾˿˰ûѵЬѵµûѣղſҲַ࣬ƽͷϣһԵıӸϸǺá
뵽˵ģ楳ܿ۹Ȼû̿裬±ҲǺܺ񣬲֪ıӷʲôطֻ˰ĸǶҴһЩʡҹзӡ
Щ£Ѿ۵Ĩһ¶ͷĺ껹ûڴߵͷȥ
ƽʱѵʱЩȻ룬˲̫ɴʱ˯ţůɫӳ¾Գʹɡ
楿ſҲ֪ľġ
Żл˯ȥˣָһ¡
װ˯Ϊ˱ܿ楣ΣΪ˯͸ˣɴʱϵȺȣ˶סˣҪΪԳûʧھҪڵˡ
ոӸţѡ
۴ʱŮϸļֱӺڵԼഥܸܵȵָԼһȵĻսţ˶յҪˣ
Ըֿԡ
дʱ˸ֵĺ壬˿̵Ǳ룬һǲزסĻ䣬صĻϲϣܾʹͣһȴŰûڣԼ̲סۣ޷Ļ£ʹպٲͬ
ջǿƵֹļ¡
бĿ֣߬ѹװһ˵ģ
װ̫ãûз
ͦջֵʱһۻУ۾ɫ糣üͷһ£΢֮󣬿ɵ˯˾̲סһֻȥһ˵ұ־룬㲻ҡ
Ϊ˱˼仰ͲͬУǺġ
ЩĵѾһˡ
ûеѿҪȻҲһ֮һֱƫƫһΪ˱˼仰Ҫ־롣
ôܲ
ֻԽԸ˵ˡ
ŻеЩ˾ҲɢˣϻһӿزסЦݡ
ǰֹʱκһˣ뵽ǰǻУǸһĬԡԳصСŰ壬̲ס붺۸ۿ걻ôĴָʳָϵߴ͸ʱĲһ
겻ñ޺ÿ˵Ҳֻ֣ԹԵڲ楿ǹɵ˯գһеĻҲڴ˿˸ɸɾɿֲŷնˡ
¶ʱһ
æȥ̲ס˵𣿾Ȼѣ
˵óģҪάֲסˣڸĳȣĤŮḧĶһʢĻԽԽֻܽ۾Ȼס˫ڱ֣Դֵﾪκ˰
޵̲ס˼¡
楲δȻϵĺһЩ˿˺һȴֹһ䣬ôô
ôһᣬͺˣСƤҪ
ԼһҲټˣǾˡ
ҹɫҲûȥЪϢˣҴ±ӣߵʱĲ뵽ʲô̾˿ƵҪұ־ˡ
˵̲ûס̧ҧУȫҲֻôˡ
Ͳˡ
ϲˣҲϲСѧĵҲδĹ
ƫƫˣΪ谲ǵǼ飬ֻΪⱲӻԵɺǰ꣬ʹվмֲͬ
ҡҡͷ
Ҳûٶ˵˸ɾڴߣԷҹ£תȥ
űϣոջĿ˯ĻԽԽԶĽŲͻȻںдʱ򣬿ɴʱһĿһֳϥϣͷ΢ţסϢš
ĿڵֺֻڲסϸĻ׵
ֱعͻȻ뵽ʲôŴ̧İָ⸲ڸոձϣһδʱ͵һָǸով˻¶ȵָؽ֮нճȭҲΪһص˼ֹֹһᣬɿ֣Ŵԥ°ָ⸲ϣһΣָ΢΢ȴδջأȵļʧʼСصǴطһһ縧
ŵ⴦طųѰḶ́·𻹱Ǹ˵ȡ
뵽⣬
һվɷһĨΡ
΢΢ζںڰеϥǣ΢΢ͷǲס̧ͷȽյš
ûǸ˵Ӱˡ
ȴִֵرջأǴƺͬǸѾ뿪˱֤ˡ
Ҳӱˡ
ͻȻ죬Ӧѹ͵ĵЦ˯ûܲܽ
鵹ָ̻糣һɨõĮĻص˯ˣܡ˵ֱɻص˴ϣַڱϣ۾


52 
Ӧһ, Ȼ˵ĻҲûŽ
ܿ죬
뿪ˡ
ԶȥĽŲ, ۣͷɫɽˮʣɫɽˮīƽľɽȴȻʧȥеЧڴϵԥţԥţûסİָ⸲, Ҳ͵۲زסƵһ̣Լʲô, һָĿڴ
Ҳֻһᣬ̲ס
Ǿãüס³ôѹŵǻǻƲס
Ƿˣ˸, ͷ
ԭŰ嵽˯һһ۵ĻУȴȥ˯žΪǴ˯ɵѵ˯Ҳû, ˵ͷŵԭλҲ޼, ˯÷Ҳ, Ϊȼյʱ̫öЩ谵ɻлô˯˯ţڴϳ̾˿, ׻ˡ
ߵǰдһŴƽԼ飬ǰ˯ŵʱд֮ͤ򣬲ôķңֻҪдһŴ֣鶼ƽɽĥʣֽȴԾ֡
楡
Ȼֵʱ򣬻ͫ׽ʼϵī֭һʱҲûסڿհ״һ㣬ƽֽжĲ֭ɽգ֣ĿͣҲûס΢΢
楡
ҹɫ£Ằ֡
ûԥдܿһֽд궯Ҳڱƽ
ƽˡ
һϴʻˮһ߿ֽͬһ˵ֵī֭ɣеʱյ£뵽˵Ļ϶ȴʼ磬յ֡뵽楻һ֪˭δϵЦʱͱýӲ
һֱߣĿһ˲˲ؿֽϵ֡
ī֭Ѿˣ֣ḧǸ֣ϵıůɫӳԵֻѹ楴ĺãѹҲԼΨһһԴˣɼʹˣҲŴջָ֣һ縧Ǹ֡
֪˶ãСذֽžһǸľ֮С

ǵ˰Ѿصȴû˯
ʪˣֲϲǹѾζϴ˸裬ϸͶõ¶ͿĨβȥ
˯ǰпϰߡ
῿ڴϣǰЩ顣
շһҳƳǼڼϵѣ˿̿ԵʣǰʪӴʱ͸ˣֻˮӡڣˮӡ楲Щ£뵽ԼԻǴСգ̧ԼüģˣҪȻΡ
뵽ǸڲӣϻǲɷһĨЦݣĻлͦġ
ָմԺĳ楾üʲô

峿
֮ͥӴȻȵò࣬ǾƵĺʵǴ󣬱ǰЩȵ÷Ҫݶôõķ磬ڵͷۣ۾ҲЩ󿪡
ӦƿţѾ֮ͥҲûȥűߣһֻӣ߳Ա߿ڣӴˣ
֮ͥŷԼĵطʵİܿһۣȵڻưͼЩƣڸҲߵߺ˿裬û˸飬ҲãԭЩԺӶʱ
ѵĽǡ
ͻȻղյɴ۾Ӧͣ𾪵ֺˣ
ˣ
ˣ
֮ͥ²յＱⲽתȦ
ӦͿþȹϵϣЩ棬һһէʲôأֲǵһκʲôþȵģѲ㻹㲻ɣ˵Ըñӳһ٣ǰҲû¹
ǰҪˡ
֮ͥһǰһһɣһб´ҡӣôȥ˸Ӫ˹٣ˣ
֮ͥɥβһ
ʲôһģӦüס
Ÿñ֤ԺԲԼˣھȻڻưͼ֮ͥһı飬ڵϱͷÿ϶Ǹ˵󻰵ģԺҲˡ
ϢӦͻΪʲô£ڵͲȦȦˣȥ߹ȥý£㣬С㣬Ҫޣȥٿޡ
֮ͥ˼ҹڶͿˣԼ£ƻصҿҳˣڻưٻȥɡ
ŰܱȶŰҪá
Ĩ˰˿ڣ֮ͥŸӦͳüȥ
Ѿصȥˣüʣ»һˣ˽ȥʱڵͷ࣬ҲḻҲ㲻С˻ڵİӡ
㹽ڣڣǻհġ
֮ͥһǼˣʱֳ̾һ
һֵؿʵȴӦͣôˣ
Ӧһ䣬ˡ
˵ϣŸղûһ߼һ̲ɳ⣬ԳԵһνģʵڲּ˼ӣ޵ԽԽˡ
иҪڣһԵ֮ͥġ
˵̾˿
ǰҲûôûϢ˺˾ͺˣʲô˵ģԼϱҲˣ֮ͥûϢģھȻԼö¡ӦһһۣǰڵʱҲûѽ
Ѳɡ
ƺΪ˹£˵⣬΢΢һ٣Ȼһ˫ЦǱ߿ȥЦѲΪ̫׺³
䡣
ȻƼüһֱߣһ˵ؿ
ӦҲ£ü˵ȴ£ò׺

Ӧͷ¿ӣŭ֮ͥС쵰Ȼң
֮ͥҲ˭˵ûģ
㣡ӦͿֿ֮ͥ۶һ²ؼĻУԼһԶʵ̫Կˣֻܱ˻ȥְ˼ڷû˵ȻӲ׺ôʲô
⣬ոջֱ֮ͥҡҡͷһ̾㲻
Ӧöͷֱסһٵĳ嶯֮ͥû̫ãĬһͼ˵Ҳ֪ô˵ͷǣͦʧġ
Ȼÿͦ˵ģҾһ֣Ҫʧ˾Ҳҵĸо
Ҹ磬Ǹڲһˡ
ʲôֵֹġӦü֮ͥһǾƻûѣ˵ȴеǾͲҪʧ
һС
峿Ӵ͸ԡе࣬ţȻôʧǾͲҪȥЩʧ¡
Խʣߴߴ졣
֮ͥګګؿŻУƽеĳƾҲһ㱻˸ƽĸоȻ𣬱Ʋҵ֮ͥЦ̧Ļеıưͣ԰
˵öԣҪһ˲ʧǾͲҪȥеʧ£˵ҧˣԺҲʧˣ
ҵľƺôôûģˣһٲȻѻָԡ
пһۣû˵ͷԷ
ӦȴԼûֱˣһľƣҺССû˵ֱ˲һţӦ͸Ҫվȴڵ۾溬ž档
֮ͥû󻰣ֵͻưôˣ
ӦһջۣƲҺСҲˡ
㻹˵Ҿã֮ͥعˣó𷹣뵽ʲôͻȻ̧ͷڶʼ˹÷ĻУЦưͣͺôһҲˣҲ̫û˰ɣ
ûáĻвδͷŷ
֪Ӧȴһʲôûã춼ƭȥˣ˿ӣҲ֪ʲôͷԼܴݲеúݺҧ֮ͥС쵰ԼҲˣϱû׷Ϳʼ۸ֵˣԺǸɫѵĻ⣡

֮ͥ극ӦͰʰ궫ؼˣɻûԺӾͱкס
ôˣ֮ͥפͷ
ߵ£׿׵£㶼֪ˣ
Ȼ֣֮ͥɫЩÿص֮ȥһ׿ףԼֵܣʹЩ£֮ͥϣܺúദɻΪúͼƵѣʹ׿ôΣǲһЩǰûзϸڡ
˵ʱסȭͷ۵׵Ц⣬ʱްĿ⣬Լѹֵı
뵽Щ֮ͥ򴽣ûشĻֻҺտú͵Ұٺ֮Ÿַ͸š
һʱҲֻǿôģⷬɣֻҪ֪֮ͥûͺˣ楺ǣȻỤ
šͷӦʣһˣأ
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֮ͥһ㶣ôˣ
б֮ͥҪС꣬ȴ࣬£֮ͥһգǶһ£˭
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⻰ƺ⡣
ֻǿ֮ͥһۣͷڵԺӡ
ڲ죬Ҳ֪˯ŻţͿǽڴûˣҶҲ˻Ҷһֻʣ꼸Ƭһͺͺ֦ڰһһΡ
ǹͺͺ֦ʣ֪⼸𣿡
˵ű۾ǰ໭棬ɽ楣ڽ¥Ե楣ӳŻΡ楡Ӽʼһֱӣˡ
ڸգݹϣзӦǿ·ʲô¶ѲСС;͹żʮˣպ͸·ʿҲ·磬ôǰһ̶ˮĽ¥¥˴Ӳֻһ˵Ļ¾̳˶û
Ҳʮꡣ
һŮӣĸǰ棬ż·ƼĻǵﻹڣҲһġ
أ
û˭
֪С楣Ҳ̶µʱ䣬ȴӦüãδ¶һ˿ʺ߹󡢰ٶ֣ĶߣһˣģӦüá
˭Ǵһʼģ
еͻȻһһģҲӳ޾ϧ΢΢սɤƣ˵Ҿ¥ʲôӣģսֵʱЩ˭
һʧ伣ľ¥ģжѣ
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Ҳ֪ǰǸҹΣ£ôãδҹ
֮ͥתͷǸ֪ʱóĬԵİ꣬ǰƽȴЩͳ滹һңֻˣزȥˣҪģҪʧ
ϴûԵ޹ʱüǿˣҲ˴Сˣ


53 
ĿʹŰ¾װʧǵ뿪, Ӧ̧ߵ˻еߣϣһĨЦ, Ǹ֮ͥ˸Ⱑ
һǴСãһǸոһĵãҪѡһɲ⣿
Ҳ֮ͥ뿪Ӱԣص, ûΪֻǡջĿ, ¿ڣͣһ˲ſڣֻϣպķ£ܵ˺
˵ʱֵһЩ
ӦʹɫѵȴŲزסĹ, һʱҲ֪˵ʲôͻȻᲽ뿪ʲôȥ
ͷҲأ·
Ӧһ, ỻʲô··ûࡣ
Է
Է
ӦͿ, ȷӦ, ѾԺӳԼȥǺЦΣһԷкüʱ, ҡҡͷҲûȥֵܣһ˼ңһȥ·һ¼ҹʵڲ֪ʲôɾݶϣͷĿС

֮ͥһ·ĬصңųţԺӺüȴûˣ極ӣŴգҲ֪˯ŻţҲҹȥϸ΢죬ԱǱȥ߽ȥŷͷ̷ᡣ
ƽʱ̷ȥ¥ˡ
ῴڣ֮ͥ²ſڣôûţ
硣̷ϴ룬ϴɾ۵һԣڴŵΧϲ֣ԣ˵ˣҽһԷ
ޡ֮ͥͷʣҵûСأ
ĸȥˣСƳȥСˣ㻹˯̷˵ֿһ֮ͥԥʣԹûԹﻹֳɵģ㿴ǲϲٸ
á
֮ͥҡҡͷ֪û˯ԷһЩʲôҳԹѵ֪ڼ˯°Ҳþҵأ
̷ź촽ЦӹͲĸ˵ˣ˵ĵñȽһˡ
֪ǻˣֶ֮ͥȥ
һϲưͣ棬϶ΪҲǱߡ뵽ã֮ͥոջư˵Ƿԥþòſ̷ʣǸʲôʱҼҵģ
Լ⻰ͻأģͷεҾõ£˵ڸһ¥Ӧġ

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Цô׵÷纮
ĸȴ楱֤ݾͶഩѲŷģõǳ٣ҹû˯ã
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컹ͷһ⣬ôεأ


54 
֮ͥһһ, óǹ;ֱȥ
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˸һƵԽԲŻȻ, ૵ҵĴӰɣ
ģǣҲ֮ͥǺӻⶫɡ
֮ͥСǳ, Сʱˮ׽㣬ϲ䵱һ͵Сȥժ˼ԺӣżЩ˼׽ؼҲ£ְ·һһɣƤҲۣѺ֮ͥؼҵЩ˾ò˼, ׷ǰȰűˡ
ȳˡ
⺢ӵЩ˵ˣǻǮʲôǹģһѰѵ̧, ӵͼ, Ҳ, Ҳܣʮ;͸һɽˣһظ, һһƥѩ׵ɽûȺ
Сʱ֮ͥǳ֮ͥ˵жһȻ̰µʱЦĺӡ
ɸոøƵģЩ̲ס
⺢ȥʲô
ֻ֪ܴؿ֮ͥ뿪

֮ͥһֺ
Сϲ䣬Լ͵͵ƥͷһʱɽĴ䣬˵ľӣÿտ䣬ӵʱ䣬Ѿɽ
Ϊĵһżң֮ͥȻ֪ġ
˵Сʱ򻹸ŻԴһܣǲõⱻһؾµҪƫƫĳڵúܣһ˴򲻹ͨЩƦåǱ˸뵽ŻſڵϺүүľ֮ͥǹս˫ЩƵ۾Ҳųȥ
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żȺӵ˲ͬ
ΪԼҺͱ˲һżصػǮھȫ⴦ʹⷽԲֻ֮ʣһ֦㣬ŰǽƬſڻֻʯʨӣ˵Ǹ󷱻
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ԭҲǶޣԴӶŻԵ·˼
үöŷûԶ
ŷ˾˶Ůһֻٻ˵Ρ
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֮ǰʡ
ʺͶҶǴˣˣ楱һϺƬ˶ŵǹҪȾƣһţǾ;ƺȡ
Ƴ̷ʹü¶ֵģϵΧĶһ٣Цڵĸ磿
û뵽ᱻ̷͵̧ԥµҲûȥһʱˣʵڵġ
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ȥ춯Ӧͺͻгһ䣬¡˵ѳǹֱȥ
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Ӧ͵֪ˣոôôţһ˾͸ȥ׵ģĸ첲ǣû°ɣ
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ֻԽսշܻ࣬סԼļˣǲСۡ
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еǴǰǸģƺȣֻǵ֮ͥ˵ŵڣǾͺúûȥ
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ȴɫʳŲˣŲΪ̷ˣͷҲһ䣬ôû
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̫ˣ͵Щʱ䡣֮ͥչȥһʲôóԵģ
楱㱨˼
֮ͥһ˫һ²˵Ҳæ˵ߵڴ𹻲
極Ҳ
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յòˣĸԸ֮ͥʰȥСԷ
֮ͥӦȥ
뿪Ӱĸüôֵֹġ
極δҲſһֻۣƼһƬɫ½ǻľš
õĲ˺̷ȥʱ˽˵楲Ŀȥֻһ۱סˣӡһֻµɣͷ̳һԲúɫţºڿ㣬ͷһɽˮֻİۿۣǰˮīҶƣһдšҿɽЦҺ÷֣ؽΪ뷢ͬɫһξǡõ׹һīͺɰ
ꡪ
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55 
ã
֮ͥ楳, һĨõЦݣظߺһ
極磬ʱߺɢ, ҲŻָԭ, ǰסĺҲָ糣Ψɲ, ͨͨ, ˵ǰ׵ҪЩƽջҪ첻١
û뵽ԼȻῴпôס, аԼһ, һĨЦݣ֮ͥ˵ͷкΪСŰֻǰƵĺ־룬˵һ̷ȥü䡣
뵽СŰͻȻŵеݸӦֱͣ
֪Ҫʲô, 楽²΢, ؿŻг, ߵԼǰ, ɷ˵ؾʹӹ̣󱡴΢, һ߾Ҳż
ⷬԺӵ˶סˡ
ӦͰһһЦԴסһȺ˵ôصĶôùã˵ý֮ͥ, ȥ̷̽ӹ
Ŷ
֮ͥΰ߹ȥ·ȴӦšüתӦ, ôȥ
ӦЦеػ˻ֻ֣Ŀз᲻صײЦӯӯʣȻЩ
֮ͥʱĬǻˣ
첽ߵ̷Ҳɷ˵ֽ̧˹
磬á
̷ò˼ӻ
֮ͥʲôˣԾֵǰ·磬̾ٵø߸ߵģӲû̷ӹȥ
̷ŴһΪѡ
楻عЦס֣Ȼûнֵͦģ楻ʮȻ˶æµһϻ۵ģ˻Щ̷֣ᷦ¶ɫͬЦȥܵҲЩûǾŮ͸øЩ
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谲ǵĻţǼЦ
һ
楻δڻем飬΢оһΣ뵽ǸΣһͷһڻеע°һδͲͷ㿪ߣſں֮ͥ˵һ䡰ȥԷȻûٴǾֱ鷿ȥ
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֮ͥĴûв極ɻп楿첽뿪Ӱ𱡴ղŻͷϸҲһЩ
ưͣôоֵֹģ֮ͥĿ뿪תͷ߿ȥһ̽ɵı飬ǰҼңҲûô
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ƮƮһƬ䣬ȴġ
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ʱĺ
ӦΪ绹ǰˡ
֮ͥһɨʰеͷϴ룬ǰһЦһֱƽʹŵĳ΢΢һϴĶҲһ٣ԥһ˲ûס̧ŨܵĳԴȥƼŴķֽԲߡ
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æˣˡ
֮ͥѵɨãְѻϴɾø۵һԣŤθ첲ҴȭҪۡ˵δеŴ⣬ɺشչȥʲôأ
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Ĭһ˲󿪿ڣ̷˵в˶˵òãҲ۸
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һҲģһۣ߰ɡ
˳ȥʱڴǰһ֦÷㹩ŻǰԺӣȴöźԶԶƼͻдӺ
ȣһòݡ͡
ǺƲδᲽߣŰ¾װǸزסӣ·Ҳ𣬷·ʱܳȥһܣԵ꣬Ĭֻż𽵹󳶿³֡
㣬㿴ɫö𣿡
̷
գۣջʧĿ⣬ЦӦˡ
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һ磬֮ͥҪȥݴӪˡ
ĸȻᣬһԱ߿ޱֶ֮ͥȥ֮Ҫͱ˺úദҪһζçɣҪúչԼܼžͶţǵ㡣
˵ִùһݸ캮Ҹʮ˫ӣ޻ȥǵôν֪ˣ
֮ͥȻ֮ǰһֱ²뿪ӣ浽˷ֱһ죬ҲӿһᣬӹĸİУͷɤĸģҶˣһúչԼģҶ͸дš
˵ֿ
ʼնû˵һ仰ĸ׻׻̵׵Ե̫ĬһЩʱ֮ͥŲŸɰͰ͵³֣չ˺Լ
֮ͥһ䣬ЦͷİɣҴСųء
ĸ⻰ΪЦĬҲ𼸷¶ȡ
֮ͥǰĸɿʱǰԥ²һѱסСͺԸҪĶɻ飬ưģСǸסģ˵дˣ鶼뿴ȻûٰĴǾϲԼ֮ͥԴСͺŸɣԽҪԼʲôԽ
ôô
ɻβļƣ֮ͥۿͻȻЩɬǰñӳѾˣҲû취ˣʮȥȥΪԸóȴÿο
һӵһ 
ԼñŤȴûɿȻҲסˣһŷӦҲûƿֻЩȻ֮ͥı
ӵʤ
֮ͥĨ۽ǵᣬ˵һ䡰ͷӺúչԼһءɿ֣˺һ楿ȥá
Щơ
üĿؿӦһ
ĸ֪һǺһûҲúþһЩûһ»Ǽˡ
ʵνЩϲϲԼ
Уĸ֮ͥطΨһˣڱˣϲҲãҲգڮˣҲȥ
˺ֻбϵˣܱϵȻࡣ
ܱԴ極վЩůġ
һݸ˵·;ңԶҪ¶ޣҺͰ׼ĸ㣬һЩ·ϷԵĲˣ˱һЩͷļвһһЩƱͷغЩԱʱ֮衣
ͷǮܱûǮã֮ͥĬӹЦŸһṦͣƽ
֮ͥһ䣬һᣬûޣļֻɤ˵øҹ¡
楲֪ҪʲôǸߵһԡ
£Ŵ·ԥôڣһҲûȵЦʵҪ˵ʲô
֮ͥĬ²ſ極˵Ҳ֪ǰʲôϣңң֪˲Ҳ˵ϣ²Ҫ
һˣʲô¶Ժ˵ġ
ҲڼңÿԺ͵˵ҲԸдţá֮ͥͷ˵㲻ð¶Լϡ
Ҫţ۷£Ƕվ󡣡
û뵽һؿ֮ͥȴʼռᶨſţǱ˹ůˮںҲů
ûпޣۿȴҲ΢΢˺죬ŵע£ڿˣá
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ղŻ꣬Ц楿ɷЦüĿҲ͡
ȥ֮ͥĸ˱̷ֺ˵˼䣬ż˳ȥѶϣʱעǣ𽥱óʲôû˵ֻӿڳȥ
һ뿪ʱ
ϣȥսԲСΡ
ٴ뿪ǰⲻɺΪ˸ļкó쵽ӿڵʱͻȻսͷһۣ̫ԶֻƼӰļǻڿ
֮ͥͻȻӿһδй㡣
Цޡ
ݣ
ջĿ⣬֮ȥ
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ڼĸգָþͼʼ̷ÿȥ¥
ѾʽߣΪⶫʲô㶼ܳԻ£ٲȻ˽¥ǵ³裬ֻҪ¥ŵĻԭ楻Ϊ˲óһˣ뵽񷴶á
ξǷѹ
ЩʹԵҲࡣ
Щѹζͬľͻһԧ
楸û¥һŮϰ壡
ͷϣЦ£
һԵģЦЩ󣬡̷˵ұЩԵģҰһЩСԣƸʳ
極ҲûܾЦŽӹл
ֿ۲Զ²Ҳǣȥ²Цŵͷ廹ǴǰǸģҲͷЦջĿ⣬ϣΣ
⣬ϵ۾һӾˣڲסЦݣÿ춼ҪǰɣȻ˵Ц»˸Ҽǿӿ˵ȻоȣҾҪվǾ̫ˡ
楼涼ϣҲЦϣǺõģȱʲôҩͬ˵ȥ취
òáæ֣ǵѾˣǮˣԼ뷨ӵģͷ䣬ȥɡ˵ͼҴˡ
ĿصԼ̯λЦź̷˵ȥɡ
սȥͿˣϰ壿þûˣ
һ߽⵲ĶһЦźǴкǳԵú棬ʣζΣ
óԵĲСǿȻƴͷʹˣϻһֱЦһ߹һ˵ǰһʼԣһңû뵽һξˣζ̫ˡ
楱˵ЦۣȰܳĻòҪһӳ̫࣬ûͷֺͷó׼һЩ÷
÷ֹʳĹܣ֮ǰһǰԼķӣⶫ˵ҲûҪ¥˶񵱳ˮһΪ
ȻЦӦá
ֺ˵˼䣬̷¥ˡ
Ȼû̷ᴦ˵⼸¥е㶼˽ˡ
һ£̷ῴ˵֮ǰӽܵλˣ㲻ڣҾȻȥˣҪȥ𣿡
Ȼôһ䣬楻ЩûӦ
̷˵λǻнܹģ뵽⣬𵱳Ϊ˶Լ˵Ĺ⼸ȻڼңеĽӴȴ࣬Ҳôġ
̷᲻ؼȥˣͷңˡ


56 һ
⻰΢΢һ, ܱƺģҲֻлˣôԴǻ쵰Ҫ־Ҳûǹ¥ˡ
Ȼôˣ±, ˿, 
űƿ
еӰ⡣
᷿ڹսǴƽͷټ, Ͻ, ͷĹ߱ˣɴʱΪ˵Ĵ, ǻ谵խҲһЩ
ԭƽĿڿʱ΢΢һ, վȳ񣬴һɫԲ쳤ۣͷһɫ£ϵīɰ, ǰʵӶ¶, ȴ¶޳Ĳ
Ƥ, ڰ, һ㣬楼ǵҶǴطһźǳ룬ǰ, Ǵط뵽Ǹ, ΢æջװڿһһԵĲյһڡ
еûвֻǲͷ͸·İ˵һл, ̧˽ȥ
ӡ̷㴹ۣ˸
̷С㡣פҲﻹºͣҲʮȫȴʼձŸеľ룬ۣδֱλһŮӵϡ
ֲͷһؼ棬ô񡣡楴ʱѴǰ͸лعˣƼңң񣬲ɺЦüҸյһǼôģðȥʻУôˣ
û˵ƫͷ̷ķ
̷ƽغ˵㣬ղʦʱȥһˡ
ףȥɡ
ߺż°ͿǰǸĬĻУҲ˵Ϳڡ
еķű˹ϲ̧Žɫձ̫ʦϵ楣ò΢΢ǰ㣬°ͣĿûһ˿ܻؿ
ʶǻᣬ楣ضҪüġ
񡪡
ǲס࣬оԼ֮Ҳ·͵һĨϺõĻۣһҲɱ
Ҳֻһ㡣
˾ͻأ֣ʹĻϲǰͻ䶼͵Ƽ
˵δп˿ڡ
էȻôһ֣楻ЩûӦ̷ǰ˵Ļôһˡ
ԭнʲôģüĿǹӲˬ̴ĵӵüңԭǰȥ𴽽һΪʲôصôһ̣ԭ˵ˡ
楽մһ»己ƣͷһ٣б֧Σǣƽյףһ߹ˡ
̫ʦϣ΢΢̧°ͣü۾俴ŻУЦʲôҪˣºûʦô࣬Ǿ벻𣿡
Ҳû۵һĨͣûȥĻ˵˵㣬ûˣһܸ㻭𣿡
ϵȻһͣһʱЩûӦ
ʲô
ګګʵ
ټ⸱ģüᣬæ۽ס۵׵Ц⣬̧ͷʱǻָ糣ˣúỺһ飬ܼ㻭𣿡
¡
極ˣգգۣЩŵؿŻУƺû뵽ĻĿ˵
ĵһĨˬ޶ɢ˴롣
ϵҲʧһЩֻмĨװǻơ
ɿ̫ʦϣȴǰֱͦ˵һ޸߹󲻿׽ģʱȻţüϵȴ࣬ϾչյһڣſŻôҪ㰡
ô𣿡
վڳǰɼȲ˵Ҳֻ˫һ˲˲ؿҲ֪ã⸱ģЩδ䳰ȷȻЩ²ȥˣĲ鲻ԸذѲһۣߵڲԿηˣ
һˡ
û뵽ô̹ϣ楴²ʣΪΣ
гĬһ˲˵ӳͺá˵󼸸ֵʱ´еҲΪ˵ĻԽһ£ҲֻһСĹɿյ̧֣Ŀ̹Ȼؿ
˫̹Ŀ⣬ƾһӾɢȥˡ
ɵ׾ԼίôһϾ׷ŹһۣȻһŲһûһµյУͻȻšü̾һ
м̾̽ŵüôˣ
ĲɣոհҪҪ楰вյŻصϣƫͷİ׹ϣ¶һ˳ݣҾ˵ѣۺòҲÿ
ᣬ
ֵüģŻһգѾȥˡ
⸱ģΪȥˣеҲ޴ǰͬѣˣͬ˵һҲ޷Ҫ˵ʲô˫вŵļֽʱΪ֮ˡ
ǺЦΣȴҲʾ˵һϲ
ͻȻתᲽȥ
ʲôȥ£ֳվ
פͷȥͬ˵¡
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Ұȥһˡ
ȻЦӦãһ㶼ȥҴĻԡ
ܾýյĻи˵ɻЩصӺһ߸˵һ˵ξˣ»Ϊ˼仰ҲҼҵţһ٣вյǱһƣü¥Ҳ׼
߹ȥ棬ǴǰǸλãԿ˵ˡ
û뵽ôĳŵ楲£кôҲദô꣬Ȼ֪һŵǧܾЩֵֹģ᲻ЩɵؿУôˣ
ͻȻ仯ô
ԭҪͷȲ裬ԣһ٣Ҳţ̧糣ķʣ㲻˵𣿡
ͷ
Ųյ˵ûʲôѣѡѻһͣŵҲ
ͨˡ⻰չüЦЦʱģҲ˵ˣǴǵģЩ˵ʲô˵ȥļ򣬿ǰʮѰĶҪȥʱ򣬿ǰſٱӣҲ֪ã͵һЩĲȥˡ
ôˣмšüѹɬ¶ֵǡ
ûû¡ջֻڰյ֣һȥ׼ߵʱ˾䣬ʲôף
пһۣȷްŵԡ˵Լֲһ䣬ûԹͺá
極ͷߣʱŻ²ӣֳǽڰԼһһξ͹ȥˣ
ǰҲ˰Ѳˣ
˿ջǵȥɫһ
ҪȻÿƼоǸʲôӣ


57 
ܿ͵Ѯ, ¥ĻҲڴ˽긮
հĿ߼°ͣ˽긮ŮͣҰͶ˵ͷ, ղɺɷ, ձ;ճз, ǱѩصĶҲ÷ѩ, ʫʡ
Ȼ
ǵֻΪ;, ĻΪʱȣѱױݱ˭Ĳѧá
ڱѫĳǶһŻ⽭긮, ȴǶһ, ϲϲ߼ռ˺ܹ黹˻мֹġ
߼ǰڳǵʱΪܸΪǱŮ, ˽긮ǿü, Ҳ, û¾ϲ档
˰ź, ȻҾܾ
ǰЩӸ߼˵˸л, ֮ҲͦϡԽ㿪, ƹѲ, ߼һ½ҷسȹü仹һ÷ʽĻ, ҲǸ޲ɷĹһյýӴľյÿĺ촽ճһĨµЦݣһĵ˵ԭΪ긮СطȻûʲôȤģû뵽סһӣҲ
ԳһǿЩ˵ģÿ˵ָʹ
µ䲻ˣȴҲźԡ
˵˵˵Ǵһʲôϴģ˵ǲЩҲټλþΣ
˻ЦӦãǶ촽۸һ䣬Ψҧź촽ǻӦ
ףСô˵һԲĹŮ֪ʡ
ʱ˵Ŀȫ䵽ϣ߼Ц΢ͣβŷеĿӿЦЦʵôСò𣿡
߼²ϲ棬Ӧ˵ϲˣΪʲôϲǺйء
楴ǰȻֻ֪ŮȴΪϷ˵Եʴ˾ǵĹŮȦǰֻҪϷȥǣⲻҪμӲᣬΪһСطûضҪ˳Цģƫƫ黭տ˵Ҳǳ衢Ƶܿʹ˾ǵĹŮȦ
楱ԹΣȫС
߼һǸưӣȲЩѫ󹫺ҵСҲͰˣȻһ֪ŮҲȲȻķ߿ϲ楣һԭȴΪ֮㡣
֮ӣʮͱ׷⽫ǵĹŮûǲĽġ
߼ȻҲĽ
⽫֮ĸһģһϳɣЦƫƫһȴһ֪Ůмӣ뵽վʱΣ߼±˵Цǽһֱߣ߬žյҲΪ̫Щ졣
֪ᵽ긮ʱǷǳģöˡ
뵽긮楣Щ²ˣŵ˽긮һҪڸᣬ롱楹ϹϾԼ֪֮
˭뵽ʰ޺ûûأҾس£ǽŵһһû˵Ͷˣ߼²ûΪ뿪ˣﻹһ㷢ȥ
ңûоòá
⣬ǳ˸߼֮ߵһΪø߼µϲÿιţ㱻ЦҲ˵һ˱š
ᱻһȺ˿ţСףŸ߼ߣų棬ûС
˵ʱ򣬷ϥϵֲֻԾţͷҲһֱţԽԵó
ƫ߼⸱ģüϲΪһôϲ͵ǲϲˣⷬɣһŮ緶ǺֳԺЩࡣȻҵû̫ѿǲһЩ⣬ûãΪαû㶯ӣ
ҡ
СһףҪ˵ǰ˵ԲЦӯӯӹ֪Խ¥¥һ٣ֿ棬ЦλСǰǸҵĲҵ
Ŷ
߼²֪£¶Щ죬ǰǸңǡ뵽ʲôɫ͵һ䣬žյȻսһЩ
Ա˵ˣ¥楹ء
Ȼ
߼¹Ḥָ̂Ҳ̲ס΢΢飬ȴЦ¾յֵ˵λСͬҲǾʶˣû뵽䵽ֵزˣҲա
Цüޣ޵Գƣǽһ֪ܲ˻ܡ
ˣ
ѾӦס
߼˹֣ȥ⡭
ѵ¥
Ŷ¥˵ҹҪٰᣬǶˡ
䣬жʱ
пϷģвҪģҲ²ؼģһŮҪȴԱһŮסˡ
ʲôңǺŮѹɤ޵Ծǹ⿴ЦģҪðˣָô۸أ
߼ʲôӣ㻹֪Ȼ˾ضġŮ̾һɲȰһϻۣԼ۸ġ
Ů⻰ʲԸ´
ϯ۷׷ߣվɻһˣ԰Сݺ̣ݺɫͳ֪һֱ۸ˣü˵ƽᣬԺǱˡ
У
ӹӣ򴽵ҺǶӴܲ
ͺͷ˵۸㣬÷˸ݺǺܲˡ
ȴûĻղŸ߼µĻԥһᣬݺ˵ͷ̱͡
ʲôϵ
Ǹ߼Ҫ楹ģ楹۸Ҳûϵ
ǵġ
ûϵ
ûҪĸףûҪκˡ֪ĸﻹ楣ÿᵽ極£ƢĲһ£ĸˣ
뵽⡣
ӵսһЩָҲסĥŰӵǲ㲼ŨܵĳһƬް
С㣿ݺ˼ż̧ͷֵô˵ˣ
ѹ۵׵˼ûʲô

楽ӵӵʱѾˣʦɫѿ̷Ҳü楶ĻȻû˵ɿŽĴҲɰ˷
㣬Ӿ˰ɡ̷üȰ
ʦҲǲܾܣвҺ֣ȥǡ
ԶԶԣҺʦȥˡ֣Ҳ˵
ƽһۣҲÿˣҲȥ
楿һĵģЦʲôôģ˰ˣѲһԿɣ糣㲻ţŽߵĴõһᣬݸ֣ɣ´ȥ˵¥ȥүˡ
֣һ㶣ګګӹ
ʦü楣Ҫӣ
Ȼ
楸°ЦõᣬΪβӣ¥ΣůɫĵƹϣͷһֻС꣬ҰҪӣҪǽ֪
ʦĬһ˲ȴҲûٷֻҺһȥ
Ҫ˵ԹƽͻȻȥɡ
գգۣĿǸԴӹܽ¥ԽĬϣЦ£ʦȥɡ
ѳҲٷôˣ֣ɽӴȥɢϢ楿һˣЦȻȥ
ᣬҲȻȥɡ˶ߺ楿̷˵
̷΢΢һĿ楺ͻеתӦá
ܿ죬¥ֻʣ»к楶ˣͷ¹ߣʵڿһһ»ͷп˹ȥţһֱ˵ȴʼոĻУ˵ͷᡣ
Ȼ֪ҪʲôȴҲûֹ˲ӣĿ˺


58 һ
жһ˰¥С
ոľ¥ⶬҹɫӳҲڱó, ɴеճһůɫż·¥ĹԷȴƲ, ֻšô, ս¥ô硣
ǰ, ƻ, ȴ, °ɡ
ֻȥҳԷˡ

뿪
ٴĻڻǷŵᡣ
΢΢ͷķȥǱ߸һɫĲ, Ʋͷʲô, ֻһЩϸ΢죬ˡ
΢΢üǱصغģΪ²Ҫ, һѧˣҶ, 뵽, ֲֻử, Ҳδ˵, ֻһţҲûߡ
ʦǽЩȥ, Ŵȡ
Ҫʲô
ɻһ㹻ĵġ
ǿ鲼Ц, ҲûȥĻ⴦Ǻż, 顣
ԼӣӾͱ˴ˡ
ĽŲƫͷȥƼһֻľ̳æе飬߹ȥס̣Ƽͷİ״ɴװ档
ϺԲȣСˣ˳ϣм仹һĵ
һ롭
п楣Щˣ
ǵҹ楳ԵҲٰ
Ӳ⻰һ٣ʮУ㲻֪ʲôӣ
̣ɫѵЩګګʲôӣ룬𣿡
ɶӦóԽӣô棿
ˣһѾؿŻУ˵ˣһĸ֡԰ɡ;ֱԭǴطȥ
иǰߣһкȻһͷǶ񡭡
ȻѾܾûйΪԵʣµҲˡ
£΢𣬶̵ָ飬ʧ˻һಽ󣬼£̷м䣬ü楣ԥ˺һʵΪҵ𣿡
Ȼأ
楿ŻУͲֱӸˣһûйϰߣһʱûУΪԼǰЩص˻ô뵽ҡҡͷֻ˵粻
¶ŹΪҶˣö˳Ժȶ˵ˡ
ӵֻϧ
̾˿Ҳ᲻ˣ楰еӷŵһԣһԵ¨óһֻ룬ʢһСŵǰҲ԰ɡ
ˡ
в֪ôݴʱ飬ǰصĻۣô˿黹һЩĪɬ÷
ѾܾúܾûйˣΪԼһӶٹ
ʼӦͺ֮ͥǻߥ޹ȥͷȾƳԷʵû飬Ҳû
û뵽楾ȻᡭԸ
ûҲû˵վһԵü楡
Уʲôʱ楶Ǿ¶˵ģǶϰߣֻҪűضͷŶʮʹһֲҲҪʵΣԼǵһǰ
ƽԣôˣôţҲڱʱ˹ظԼ˫Ĩࡣ
ɴʱǰˣΪǰæһջЩ΢΢죬ϵ鷢ҲΪʪճϣϻմһЩۣƽվʾ˵һ棬ȴӡĶѡ
У楲̧ͷһԱߣÿ룬šüǣ񣬳档
ŲܻϲϲҪҪȻˣ͵óԡ
ȫûԼһݰԵԵģϰˣʱȻΡ
бǣŨܵ۽΢΢һůɫ˵ϣƬȴֻǴۣɤ˵֣лл
Ը棬ӹ꣬ͷһӡ
ߦģ˼н
õǳһյĸŽȥȣ̵ͷĸͣĸӵֻһϺõζ
ȡԲЩֳɵģСв١
ô
楼ʼԣ°Ϳʡ
һֱͷ۵׵زסƼ˿Ҳ̧Բһóԡ
ԹóԵ档
Ҳ֪ģ⻰ü۽̷һЩЦҲ΢΢𣬱Ե㡣£ùԭȿǱ鷭뵽ʲô͵ÿƿ˰ɣ
ԣȻǻԣҪ˽ʿ׼ԡ
Ȼ֪еʵˮƽ楻һ䣬а𣿡
ΪӾаҲֱԣ뵽̧ͷ˵С
һῼʿᵱ٣뺲֡еĿӣĿⶨһգգ΢΢ȵĿ£ͻȻ̲סһ㣬楡
ţ楿
໰˵Ҳ໰ʡ
ɿ̹Ŀȴʲô˵ʲˣſŴһֻϵɿۣһ䡰໰ûеһ䣬𣿡
䣬һĨδļȡ
ȻЦ϶ܵǿ۹𣬴ָ֡
϶·Ѿһ٣ֻǰ΢΢üǰ׷ʲôʹûвμӿƿϸָ棬ǰʲôһһҪûװ׽ٳҲҪЩ̤ʵѧ
͸ô֣׸֡
û뵽϶΢΢һмһɨüҲ࣬ʲôҲû˵޾Ļϲᡰšһ
̰ģ͹ˡ
еθʵ󣬼ҹԵҲ٣棬ǳԵøɸɾһûʣ
ڳʱ楾ڷ飬ȻЩˣɻȴúܺãżԼעͷּ極ҲýζӺʹײ̧ͷˣ
һȻȫˡ
΢΢ۣЩȣȫˣ
šж죬ʵѾܳˣֻǲ˷⣬Ҫһվţȥϴɡ
ҲûƴǣŶһ˻ȥ顣
ǰûˣһյ¥Ҳû˼ģԺߣӾƼӵͷϴ룬ĻУ·ֿǰ谲ǵĻˡ
谵
˵Ӱֵַֿֿϡ
һĻжһĿͦΣһֻ谲ǵĻΪµĳü۸ºͣĻһɴǰδɬִ֡
ҲûȥӣϿ
ʱȻŮ˵ĵλͣǧĴô󲿷˶Ӿ͸ԶҳҵƢٺãԼٺãϴҲǺѵ¡
ɻкƴûоЩ¾ͱŮȥ
ĻУ˭޸Ҹɣ楲֪ôˣﾹһĨȻ
ôˣߴϤ۽΢̧ۿȥĿⵣǵؿæѹһĨ޶Цû¡
ֿһۣȷƲſڣ߰ɣؼˡ
š
ףҪȥʱƫͷС

ţ
д
ЦԸ½⡣˵µʱλ׸С㡭ͷΣЦЦЩļ£߰ɡ
ڣ߳
Ļдĥš¡֣ӲҪ⣬ֻҪе極Ӱȴʲôû˵ߡ


59 
ûվ͵ȥ˵ӡ
һϲϲ, ¥Щ£Ȼûиĸģǵģ̷ȴʼշĲ, ⼸һֱü, һģ
һ, ճȥ¥, ո, ̷šüŶ楣˵һҪȥ𣿡
Ůܹ˽Ů˵ġ
ʹûкЩദ, ǹϵ˵, ˵úǸýʵʲô˭֪
֪Ÿӵ楹ȥ۸
ͷڰ˱ۣܺЩЦ̷̧˵, ôֲˣ̷üƽ, , ָҹȥ, ұҲ´, ƽ֣۸
Ҳûôš
һ˵ŻһƵһ۰, ҧ˹Ѻڽ׵ס, żЦӯӯغ̷˵㲻ЩˣǹҪ棬ٲϲ, Ҳ˳һýõģͬദ
ƽҲûô¡
˵һЩǰദҲ죬ܱЩ嵶СҪáǰݺֳǰϵġýáλһֱΪǰһŵƽɻǸģдλѵ档
ǸСˡЦЦʵûϡ
հӷŵһԵĹУ̷ͣ᱾Ҫ˵ͣ£ƫͷ󣬡ʦôˣ
ҡ
˵ȴһ
ǻе̷ɫԲ쳤ʯɫ멵һվԣΪüôˣ
иվԣߣ˵ҽҪȥ긮㡭ܲһ̣
ȥ긮ʲôЩȡ
¡עУ´һ䣬һżûС
Ŷ֪һϲ飬Ҳû룬뵽̷ỹͷԼͻͬһνᡭѯ̷б㿪˿ڣ޷磬ͷͺá
楿ͷ쵹ҲǱ̺죬Ҳãͷ
׻ţһ䡰¡ְ̽ԼԭһԵƴСůյݸݾܾţչˮỹȺš
пɫɺ֥ŵգ΢µһƬͣδܾӹգһ
³ͬһ
ԭƼ̷ԭǵ֪ʱѻƽͣЩüЦˣ
̷ҡҡͷ楾ȵĿЦŰᴦõġ
ЦüңȻ
ûз̷ῴĿвһĨġ

¥ʱ
ƽ˶Ѿ׼ˡ
ȥֻƽ֣ɶˣ̷¥Ƽʦھ¥ѵ֣ϸСģҪ˴ôʰ㡣˼˵ʱŰüۣһʮģ
Ŷɫɺ׵ĶջȥƼ治ɺЦôˣǸǰҲûȥЩ߹ѫˣѰľͺá
ԼȥʦȻѰġ
ȥ楣˳£ҷģֻЩǲ˵ģ飬תͷѵ֣һ䣬ԹԵͷֿ楣ʲôʱ
ɡ룬Ц˵
¥Ѿ죬٣̷ᣬڲڶģЦ˵׼˾߰ɡ
ƽ֣Ȼû飬¥ＸŵĿƼ̣֮ⷬǰͷĻһۺ楣ϰҪȥ긮ˣ
ԣЦפǰ
Щһ⻰۵ϰ긮ȥˣڶҪȥүˡ֪ӵµҲⰲʵֻǺУ׹ݣ
ǶԶӹȻǽ¥Ĳ˺óԣƽ׸楶һӽ¥ûпʱ
Цź˼˳ȥ
ƽ֣ɸͷ֣ѣƽҪܶ࣬ǰΪ񣬳ĬΪмҲΥԴеǱԽԽĬῴ֣ɸ߶һ仰û˵ԹŶ
ףӣô⣿нճ¥¥˶ʶĲˣ֣ɺϲУῴվԣЦӯӯͬк
ƽ⻰̧ͷߺ֣к꣬ü
ɡ極Ǵк֣Цźгͷߣһۺߵ˿ڣ
ôһֵ÷ŶˣŹ֡

֣һҲû룬ͷЦŶǶȥ档
ĴҲûʲôģƽ⻰ȴü´ſ˵ʲôȴʲôû˵ֻǿŻԲŵЦ⣬ֺһЩŴʲôû˵ͷߡ
Ŀƽ֣ߺ󣬼лվͷüˡ
ˡ
΢۽ޣסеЦӦһ

̳긮ȥ
ٲȻרãΪͷ˲ٶʵձԷ˲ЪϢģа˱ܺ¯ߡ¯һϣǺŵִӺС¯ŵĲյ裬һյУһյԼ
ͷ³ŲյʻС
ԭҵĽڣΪ飬Եһ̹ȻģҪȥһͷԼȥͺá
£Ƽ˼֣ʦȥ
ǵͷӦãָĥŲڣûסһ䣬𣿡
ǲµʲôЦüңһģ㿴ǵĵ𣿡вյСϣһڸ߸ߵ֧ŻС
δͿޢָڴ·ӨӨԣָ׵ѩŻеǵĿ⣬極Цûʲôõĵģױ䣬ҴӲΪֵõ
Ƶȷ
ʶ⼸£˵ʲôĻϣ׿׺ϵΪҲǰȥ
ûʲôá
ɻпǰƵȴֹסۡ
ûзź촽˸Ƿγĺ֢˯˯ᡣ˵ҲܻԹԱ۾
µͷͶĶů
Ƕеı̺죬Ȼδֹ⵹ҲƽҪůһЩ楾Ϳ˯ţ¶Űӣѻĳס۵һƬɫֱʱĵƣü楡
̾һвյһԵ̺Ӹϡ
εǺõ̺ûһ͵ȴʼղ䷳ٴ楸Ǻȥʱȴס֣΢̧ͷ龪㵵ؿ楣¶µŮɻ˯ţԼȴ鲻˷յ¡
˯СèƵԼ䡣
оǱëļһ㣬ܳһֹ÷·ҪҲ̺֪ԼþǳԼԶЩɿ˯楣᲻ð˳ѡ
ο
ԼҲ˽ġ
ţȻԭᵹҲϯضһţһֳСӸһС΢΢ǰ㣬˵Уڿ̹Ȼηˣ˯楣֪ǲʲôΣᴽҲ΢΢š
ǵһο˯գȴȫͬǴδԼ⡣
񡪡
µķҲ޾͡
ǽֻ̫зů¯ԵʣŲˮķͷҲС˯ȥˡ
ЩҲ˯á
ů紺յУ˯
楸ոʱδײĴ齣ʱᱳʹֳ࣬һԿϯضС˯ŵģգգۣЩȻúõʲôȥȴµգգۣգգۣ˿ֿ˿Լ


ʲô


60 
楼ЩŵؿǰΡ
ϸźʵ̺, ֻŻе˵Լ£ո˯ŵʱ򲻾ãʱȴܲ΢΢ָ, 䲻, һһҲ˺ӡ, ġ
֪Լȷϰ, ûʲôȫ, ˯ǰϲһЩСʱż˲ܱż, ҲһЩĶ, ͷǱǡ
ЩϰߣⱲ֮Ѿ׵ˡ
ΪԼͺˡ
û뵽ȻַˣֱץŻеֱһ·ֻڵϡ
楻ǵһӣСϲ˯ŵ˳΢, һҪľҲ֪ʲôԵʾ̻ҵر۾

ˡ
˯һ·, Ȼò
ȳ, ԭŽŶЩչ, ˵Ǳڵ, ϥǵСֻǷµֻʮֲ, ±ߵֻ־͸ӷѾ, о첲Ѿľˡ
楼δͷͷȥ
дǰҲ긮ʱͷ, ȫͬɽķ棬֪ѾˣȻʲôطؽ˳Ҳò˶೤ʱˡ
⸱Ρ
Сس˳Լĸ첲û뵽ոô鶼鲻ֱۣȴ׾ͳ˳Щؿһ楣ɿ˯ŵŮɱţɫҲ糣ֻǲ֪ǲһ·˯òԶɽü΢΢šš
楣
ˡ
˯ŮɲֻЩͷһȻ˸˯
ûŪѣ˿һľĸ첲һصԭţɸոһ·ҲҲ飬ɲǲûˤǳųסˡ
վȵĵһʱ楿ȥδ˿صԭãľĸ첲ȡ
ͷȴĵġ
һͷŸ첲ȣһװ£ԽĽֵսƧľӴֹһᣬͣһլǰͷС㣬ˡ
ѷ۾
ˣеɤһʮȻһյ裬ΰѵģȰȺȵˮů¯ʱЩڸҲˡ
лл極ȷڸɣȴΪ̫ȵԵʡ
˵ʱѹ۽ޣյ˿ڲ裬µĬĬɲɫֱֻۣǰ޳ִʱЩףɫ΢٣յеĲҲȲȥˣſ˵Щʲôͷȴƽ֣ɵ
˵ֲ̰ؽ
楼ģü
ȥɡ
п˵δԼֻŵ֡
ȴû˵ղյͷüʮָӣȻΪʲôҪ£Լ⡭Ҫǰ˵װ˯ˣ㿴Ҳֵֻһ䡰ô֡Ȼһ䡰ѲܡϾǰҲûйɽڿĵһʱþȻǲֻ֣ƽ֣һӵĻҪ˵ɺǱ˿סһ㣬ô¶²
ôˣ
極ͷпϵ飬òЩֵֹģüʣȴЦ̧ͷû£˯ѣӦȽ
Ǹ˯ѣӺͿˡ
ֵüģδٶ룬ǻָһЩвյСϡ
£˶׼ȥʱƳҪһĻУƫͷһ䣬㲻£ֱʦȥɡ
ҹƵæͷ˾ҸطԷ
Ըֹԭ˵ͷ˵㲻صҡ˵ֿһ䣬㣬СЩ
İɡһüңڿſʱЦͻȻһ٣һعͷˡͷҲ
ϸĻʱ뿪ĲЩңӱʲô
ƽ֣ɽԺͷ֣Цźң
ƽδ˵ֻǿһֿۣúųǵĻഥͷüҲͷ񣬶˵߰ɡ
š
極ͷ
ǣֱƽࡣ
һǰլӡ
λ滨լӴ𣬼긮ĹǶסˣҲ⣬ֻ밲ҪԶһЩոǻ·ˡǰڵˣһ羫˫ѾٵѾߺǴ
ϸϸۣϳǸ߼ߵһѾߣ֡ǽƣ
Ŵ󻧣ͨѾҲҪѰ˼ҵŮЩ˵һѾˡ楹΢ûǰӭǵߵǰװӭϰˡ
ƹ楳ͷ
ƺ΢٣û뵽ȻǵԼһ㶣ԭĻЩ˵ˣȻϲλȴҲû棬һ۽޳˸񣬺˵ŮǶѾڵˣū澴ȥɡ
楸ҪͷȻŮ
楣
ͷȥƼһһӰеϤӰ΢֮ҲЦüЦҪǰ࣬ޣ
Űɫ游κԺɣֻǵȵ۱ˡ
̫ү״Ԫ˽긮ڼпѧҲһЩ˼ҵѧҲȻΪ٣⽭긮ʮ˾ء
楴ǰѧСһ𳤴󣬸Ȼǳ
·ޣֽ佫Ǳסĸ׶ڹ⣬Сҳ󣬺ҲһĹϵ
ⶼ浽ǰ䵽ǰزҲûһ˿ı䣬ֻǺȥ˳ԶˣĴҲˡ
ǳɻ˺󣬸иԵϵ͸ӲˣٿЩʱ飬ȻҲд
ˣ
һǸӣ˹ȥĿ֮°˱סϴΪ˵˵һ뿪֪֪Һͱжൣ㣡ȥǱôҲ֪ţ楣ֱûģ
˵˵ž
ȻţۿҲЩ졣
ЩԹҲЩһɤûģС޶ԭҺòã
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˵ֱӰǰһƣ㣬
һǸº͵ӣҪ˵ҲǹеĻϸϸһ⣬üʣһжã
楼ʣá
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ͷµҲڴ˿̷ȥˣ˵һԵƳſ˿ڣС㣬ýȥˡ
Ǹ˳ƺ
ޱͲ߼ⷬһССѾ߶Ҳ죬ü뷢ȴ楰ס첲һǻŭְֻƽϢ̧ۿȥŮЦӦá
˵ֿˣɤȥͷѰʱ˵
ãȥ
֪ͨԽ¥ҵݶ򲻿ɳæס޵֣˵
極ͷ·Ჽͷߣһֱ˵ƽ֣æϡ
Ҳȥɡ
Ŀߺƫͷߵ˵
ǲѹһССѾ߶۸ˣ
ЩεؿԼСãƼ楱۸ˣ
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￴ޣʵڲԼλûıþȻܶŶʦ޵İ˵֣֪ǵǲŻˣˣһϻۣȻ˱׼
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Ƶͷ
ǣҪȥʱⷢԼ˿⴦ͷȴֻƼһֻ޳ԼһƬɫ½ǣ΢оޱȣ極ôˣ
һûֻͷ㣬ôˣ

عѹľȣЦջĿ⣬û£߰ɡͷʰ楺ˡ
ߺ󿪿ʻУСУȥģ
ȥְɡﴫе
ԭ楲ŻŹɸղǸȴģ׽֮ˡ
ſ湻ġNNдԱƽҪѹͲٵЩɵ
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ﶼǸŴ󻧣߸ߵǽסͷ̫·Ҳ˲١
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ҲҪƽվࡣ
Ѻζ⼸˿ӱ޸Ƴģص˻һ뿪ʱǱеױݣ˵ޱȡ
λΣԶԶƼƻ̰಻סʵˣ
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߼ʣ˵ûͷò
ΣҲ֪ԼôÿλСҪ˵СλС㣬ɵڳǵʱ˵λСǲʱС㻹ѵЩˣ˵ϲϲ
²͸ȴ˵ˣСҲӦˣ˵˾͹
߼Աģδ˵һյƵغţüҾ楹
Ͷ˵ʱδܿˣñͽȻһδ˽ȥСŸҪȴס֡
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ļ䵽ֵزϵıҲͲزסˡ
һȺ˵ֻı飬͵ŹѾ䵽¾·楹
һӣķ档
û˵ĵǣҲû˵ֻһ㣬һֱͷĬţӿЩź;ᡭƽʱ߼µȻŹĥĻᣬɽҶ極ĵȥע˭˵

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óԼΧ˹ϵϣȻӿʼɻ

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Ҳ׷ˡ
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һ⻰Ƕû˵ֻĿֵؿųͷʲô
ƽ̨ǰȻʵŮҲЩһѾšü֣ɣҵģ
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ҲǳԹģⶫϵ̨棿϶˵ǻں
ЦЦû¡
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֣ɸҪӦȥƽ˵ɡ
ԼҪĲеʮ룬߹ȥݸˡ
ЦŽӹһл˵ٰҵһ뽴ϣ潴Ͱǡ
ƽ꣬楱ըýƵĳŵһ̣ͣһÿӽһãְѸղŵĩһͷ
ؿˣЦǽɡ

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оúССֹţҲֲǼ뿴ˣǶˡ
߼ҲüҪԸȥʻ˳ˣѭȥȻƼһϮɫӰĨϤӰ߼µȼ־Ҳȼһ
ʲôζôôͷ˽ˣҲ˴˷
極ʲôˣűü
޶һۣҲ˶ԷеľȺʡ
ǸղŻȼһʤĵĸ߼ŵϤζɫһЦӯӯŲ߽УĿɨѾϽɫĳ͵תͷơ
ҲһȻ߼¿æ֣ѹɤ˵ûС
˲δע⵽ͣĿ楽ϱ졣
ȴ·ûƼǵı飬̧ŽݺЦӯӯɨˣŸ߼£Ц̣˵ģƽþòѽ


61 
߼ټ極, ϥģȻ˵ģ㲣һ涼ǲõ, ôû뵽, 楾Ȼ⸱ȵģ
űȴǰҪڡ
ɳڱ˵ҽ, ¶ȴǰҪĿĹԡ
ҡ
ô֪ϲԳ
, ƾû֪, ֳ֪楸ûƣСһ𳤴, ʲô, ҲܰϢ͸¶楡
Ůô֪ģ
߼¾֮ǲһ򿴲Щ˺£ƽͷҲ˵޸߹ģ, ֪ȻϲԳָȺŮڱôأ
ƽ̵ľǱ˵ļ
뼥極ĸ߼, ʱǰЦ̵Ϥݷ·ںһ, ƫоٲ, ĻҲһ䶼²
Ů˰½¶, ֻܳһ
ȴ֪߼ʲôǱըý, ģǶһĶ, űӣšü楣ʲô, ôô
Цӯӯ˵ѽ
ЩŹŮԹⶫζ;òֻǹΪ֮ԭ˵Ǹ̳û楣Ҳ̫ˣǿ㣬ȻֹԵĶд
㡪
˵ȴԴһͺȣס죡
˵ľǸ߼¡
߼ƽһЦЦŲ룬Ҳδ㷢һʱ䣬ӵ˶סˣո˵ǸСҰףӶˣĿ̵ֻؿŸ߼£ګګ֪룬ҡ
߼Ҳ֪Լ𷢵ò
һĿˣ´ֿ楡ǸģЦӯӯδΪķɵη塣
գƫǷֻҧԸƣϲˣ
Ҳ֪ãǲҵ飬æӦһϲˣǵҪʱ򣬸߼üֹסһæˡ
˵ӵ
ɿ˵ĳõϣžʳָ󿪣ݣ᲻ãһԸƣŵԱȥ
ǻ⣬Ӧһ˵˸ڡ
Щµʱ򣬸߼صزɫع۲楣뿴˵ǹΪ֮ɺϣƼ۵׵Цʱ߼±֪֪
Ʋѣɲ¶ô֪ġ
ȻƼⷬ飬вЩЦ
֪߼ϲԳԴһɺϣǻǰˣ漸ݺͲμӽ긮ˣǻ鲻ãµѾΪ˺ıʱһȥ棬д·սһӣƼ߼һƹ߽һӡ
߼ֻҪʲô˵£ȥ
ǴͷšСʳǸԷĵطǻҲЩˣԾ˽ȥսȥͿ߼϶һ̳á
뵽Ǵ˴۵С۵ģ楶ЩЦ
¶üۣ߼µȴֻ֪ܶϲһʱߣֱſӣغһ
˱һŵöҶӣҲпϷһ˷ܵؿǣúϷҪˣ
ɵ˰Ҳûȵ߼·һȺ㿴ңҿ㣬ǰ߼ѵǸԥſһ۸߼£̽Եض˵楣ܾ¥ˣ
ѭȥ˵Ĺۣڻ䡣
ҲǺˡ
ɽԱŮպΣǰһϵǶ㳤̣֪תͶ߼£߼²˵£Ըӧ
ǽͷݣϱӵ楶öŭοˡ
еչüۺЦԭǸģѽСҲҪҪĻǰ˹Ӿͺá˵ЦаĿתˣλҲǡ
ǴǰʽҪͿһҳģҶۿء
˱ǵѿǷ뵽Ȼ̹ȻӦ£ȫûһ㲻޺ѿÿ˵⻰ĺ۱һ죬߿ȻƼ߼Խڳ
°µλƽæ˵ҼǵүлԼԸʡδ¼ڿʱ˵ڣһ䣬ʣ»ͷ˲𣿡
⻰˵꣬Сһ۸߼£ڷλɫÿһЩϾüҿ楡
ҲһϷı飬ȴü
ۣ̫֣
ά楣ûɫҲÿؿźۡ
ۺޱͲԸԴΪϲҴүҴүţʮо֮磬ƫƫֻ֪ܵŮмӡ
мޣȻûɫ
ޣ۾ûʱĽˡ
ǺϾ򴽽Цˣѵ˵Ĳʵ𣿰ͻȻͣ£Цôˣϰ񶼲ҵŮˣô׮ǵڡĿתһֱ˵ϡ
̧ͷһ
˵ĺ۸Цп˵ϲŶԡ
һ⻰̰ȷ֪楺֮ôһ£Ҳˣô׮ǲˡһ£˽¶һ£һȺζԼ߼ԻްĿ⣬æңҲ֪
˵ſ楣㣬ңûô롣
һȺȫ楡
ҲǰЦݣֵ̧ۣ˵üģЩˡ
˵ˣ̧źʡ
ǰǰϥˣʹ任ݣ۶楻ǴһηģοԶûдǰǸЦ̵ģɫĮ˿ű
һʱ˵ԵĻֻܿګګͷ
أ楰Ŀ⿴ˣʣûбĻҪʣһ˿ڣһˡ
ǰһϸģʱ־־壬߼¿ȥȴֻǿһδڡˣ˵
һʱѻȸ
極һҲûٵȵǿڣ˵Ҹ֮Ļ²ǴǰǵһЦҼȻѾ뿪ˣͺûʲôϵˡ
ںСûйϵ£޹ء
߼⻰üȻ֪楺֮㲢δ¶֮ôδȢڵǴ֮㿴極Ƕġ楲ǧ𣬵֮ϲ޸練Ƶ¡
˵λϷˡ
ⷬ
極˽⣬ܿ˵⻰ʱ棬Ĳϲ֮㣿Ҳ
ô
߼ü極ĿҲڶ˼ֳ˼
ȴûͬЩСǼȥˣһľЩǰˮĳеᷳĿ⿴߼£Ҳ˼Ц⣬ɻ£
߼Ȼ£ԭΪΪǵΪѲʱĻֲõ˵
ԥ
ʹҲǿ˽ڣȥɡ
ף˵ͷΪ˾䣬Щȵʱźóԣλá˵תͷȥȫȻһǺ뷨
ߺ
𽥻ָԭò
۳һٰ߷߲ƽ䵽ֵزˣţ
ΪõϿɵĺȴ˵ĵͺȣ죡
߼¿һ񣬸ոڵʱһ仰˵˵֪ˣǲϲ楣ˣ
ɨһۻվŵ棬С԰ף·˾޴ίһ㣬ѡ
楾ȻΪλã


Դߺƽ֣ľͶ֣һֱŲƽòȴҲûӰ֣̿첽ȥ
ƽҲںͷ
ңû°ɣ֣Сǲزסĵǡ
ƽδ˵極ĿҲŵǡ
楿ǣϵЦ⵹ָֻˣϵĵǣЦû¡
߼»δȻھ뿪楱˵Ƚȥɡ
Ϊ߼ΪΪǻҪһû뵽ʱ˹ˣһӣڸ棬󻹸һѾ̣ͷź첼ȫ
߼һԸǰ䣬ǮⷽҲǡ
Цɣ֣ɽӺúͬ˴Ǳ𣬿쵽ſڵʱƼǴˡ
楺š֣˷Ը
ǡ
Ӧȥ
ǸߣҲǰʱ޿ģüңһ߹˳˵楣̫ˣ
㶼֪뿪󣬺۵ɫжѿ
ո˭˵楻ԿţЦŲ̨
Ҳţ°ЦҲû뵽ô˵楴ǰҲǻԿɵݲͬⲻġ
Ұ楴ǰһֱšٽ𡱣¶ҪȫĸҲʱ䰢ĸѡ
ǰİҲãϲڵİ楣ֱֱȥǵ涼޻˵
ԼԿ
üۺЦǣҪ˵һϸŮС㡢С㡭㡣
һɫЩÿüҪȴס֡
Ҳѭ˹ȥƼһ£ȥæͷ֪뵽ʲôǿѹе̧ͷ¶˸Ц
飬楲δ˵
վԭĿ⵭ԶؿӰղδ棬⻹뿪ǵһʽ档
ǰָܿ뽭긮ŮȦˮ棬һҪࡣ
װģ޲ϲ棬ΪԵʺ뿪һӡÿζСһһէ·˭۸Ƶġ
ϴμ磬ʲôû˵ֻϺ˵Сۿ̺˵һ١
غһҲû˵楣ߣؼȥˡ
ǲС
ջĿ⣬Цָָͷһûȥء
ôˣ˴ȥٻȥΣ޲ˣֲֻһ
ǲֻһ
ɻиˣûͬ˵
Ȼ˴˹ȻҪͻȥ
ЦŸ˸޵ͷ˵档
޻ǲˣ죬極ĸ첲ɿ·˭Ƿӣ㿪ڰˣҲôһ·´ѰʱúþһΡֺ˵ʲô¼ǵú˵һ˱š
áӦ
㲻˵ߣ뿪ʱ򻹿һվһԵ棬û˵ʲô뿪ˡ
Ŀ뿪ҲԹߣȫûд˼
Ҫߣ̼ӿ첽㣬ȵҡ
һ楲פͷߵǰüʵС£
ɵĮδΪһųġ㡱
ǰߵ̫죬Щһᴭһͷǰ楣һһʱ֪˵ʲô楴ؽÿض䲻ʲô³΢̲סҧỽһ㡭
楼ģȴЦˣȴԭȶĵЦݣǴһЩζҺС޹ʣС''δЩͻ
汻˵һҭ
ĬĬһ楣ջǴˣС㡣
š
極ͷˣ°ڵʣ£
ҲԼΪʲô֪楲ϲԼ»ҪĴܵǰ֪䲻ʲôãǾòʲô˵ʲô͵͵һޱ楣̽Ե˵ĸ⼸վҪˡ
䣬ȻƼղŻ²ؼ鵭Į楶һ٣ϸĻϵҲűˡ
Ȼĸ˵ĸ
ӵʶ߬ȴǿάԭЦݣɤ˵֪ĸһϲ뵽ǰĻָ˿ڣС㣬ĸһġ
˵һ٣ֵʵ뿪ЩӣĸҲһֱǹ㣬С㲻绹ǻɡ
֪楻ôѡ
ҪϣܹúദһûվȽŸϣκӰԼıʡ
˵ɵĻȴ極ʵȥҵô죿
һؿ楣һŷӦЦҿԺúദѽÿˣҲһؼҿֳΪͬˣЦŻ˳ƺ
֪ʲôͻȻ
汻ʵÿ˿ǣǴδݺ֪楽ӹܽ¥֮ȥ¼£߳ݺ֮⣬඼ĸˣĸ֪ΪɽǸˣһֱûȥ
Ȼ𣬳ɺþòʣʲô
뿪ǰҳˣڿɻˣǴСһ𳤴ֳʱϵĵȴĵġ
楲ÿɷ񣬿һŵ˵ȥξˡ
ʲôһ뵽ϲֱóĬһšüʣû𣿡
ȴûٻشĻʣ棬Ŀ𣿡
Ŀ΢Ȼˣ楲ڣȲ楻˭ǵճǧƾʲôҪѹ̧ͷ
˵ʲô
ڼȫû˵أ楻زɵ
ѹķ߿࣬ͬЦȻͽδദȴԽһʣܺͽ㳯ϦԣȻǿĵġ
һʣϦԡ
ʣЩЦ⻰Ҳǵһˣͷһˣòң񡭡ֵüģǹһĨڽЦ
ΪЦݣֻΪʱĳĬ𽥱ò뿪ڣȴ䵭Щ棬ţ𣿡
ɫ΢١
㶿楣ǰŮʱЦݣѻĳޣ俴絶һ㣬Һ޵òУȴҪ㳤̣ڼպټǲ㣬һĵλͳ谮
棬
極üɫĮôʲôҪأ


62 
ÿ˵һ, ͱòҰһ֡
ſ磬˵ûУ˵ģʵ, һֶ², ˫۾ԴƤ⿴͸, ע, ̲סһ, ֱڴֲڵϲͣ¡
棬еã̰ĵʲôҪԼ, Χתġ
ԭ, ̵ֻȴ¶ôش˫ûۿС, 
ҴͲǷġ˵
ܹѡ, һԥѡڵߡҪʳ, Ҫٻ, Ҫūͳɶ, ֻҪ۰
ʱҲ룬һʼûб, ôģӦûŵд, Ͱһ壬Ÿ緭ǽȥ͵˼ҵӣ, ˮ׽С㣬˷ֵʱø米ܣӶЦӹƽȤ
ƽȤȴ
ͯ黭ѧĹأǲһСϲܶණȴֻܱԼȥϲΣջ̻̲ԼԼϲԼ
楡
ȻһɤǵϤеϺͱֱĶС
ͷ֥һӰǰ˳ʱ¶ǵϵĵǣеЩѹƽҲת˲ʧӰ١
롣
Ҳͦõġ
ʹʼãɽǺõҲͺá
Цüͻ˵£Ц»ͷɫɴе棬ƽͬ˵棬ģҲٻ԰ĵǧС㡣
ҼҲֹ
˵ǣѾˣԸģȥֹĵֻǡ˼˵ĻͻȻֳɤҲ㵱˵Ļϧ㻹ΣɵĺݲҪԣպ£õ͸ģҾ㡣
ŰŮɫøΪ԰ףʱԾɪ¼ͷ
極򴽣ЩȻˣһ˵ˣ˵棬סҴûΪС
룬Ҳ⡣
ζѣΪ˵ֳУһͷ֮İˡ
Ҳֻˡ
ÿúõǧСҲͰգ̰ĵʲôҪǰɨأԡ
Ծڴˣδ˵Լ°ڣδٶ࿴һۣתȥ
оʮȻشϽӹû°ɣϵɡ
ʲô£
Ц߰ɣȥˡ
δϲףһ

ߺ
ոձԸںͷݺճȥղԶû˵ʲôԼҲܲղԾߵǰȻƼ԰׵Сæסĸ첲ѯʣС㣬û°ɣ
ȴû˵ֻǰС뿪Ӱ
֪˵ǶԵģǷģЩ£֪ڸòǸʱ룬ǴСڼܲܳܵĸ׵䵭͸׵Įӣ
֪
֪極ͯ꣬ҪҸܶࡣ
һʲôöȸ
Ӧ֪ġ
˵ģǧС㣬úάϵԼӵеһС
ÿο楣̲ס£̲סȽϣøã˶ֻҪȥ楡ľǱ˷һϷȥš
ҧź촽ֽݺĸ첲ԴվԼΣĿ뿪ۣڿڣ߰ɡ

˶ߣ
߼¿ƽһۣһӺݻģȴץһƵسţղž÷ɻͿĨָױˮȾʧȥԭģȴȫ⣬ζš
ƿֺЦ˷һյ÷Ӳ裬ŻصߣǰλС㻹˵һӻŵŮЦ֪ҵλߵʱС԰ףӶȲȣǱ˵һ
á
߼ƲƲ죬һ߳ųһ߼˵ҾǿǸС׻ģﲻϲҪϸź㣬Ҫ楽ãôҪ۸ˣͼ˵
ֻҲ뿴ĥ楡
뵽⣬Լ챻ǸŮ˰ôһӵ䳰ȷ²
Ҳüѣͷĺӣū˵ϷҲˣλӣôʲôҿҲСùϵûպڸﲻù
楲ȥġ
ţ
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߼˹ӲָԵ֪
á
ܾ楱࣬ǰȻúܼ٣װģ˲ϲɽ楡Ȼ²̨ûô
̳һ䣬ǵŵʱźóԡ
ЦǻͷСˡ
ˡһ£ֵոɳȥѾ˵и˸С㣬˻ͬһ
ʲô
߼һûһ۾楾Ȼˣ

Ϊ˵¥ȥӹеݹĲ裬楺һںʵˣ
šȻǽڣղ֣ȷ鼮֪һϲ飬ʣҪ
ҡͷῴͷΣ
䣬ͼ˵ݸһƴСֽһ㶣ʲô˵Ŵһ־Ǹ¥ǰϲҵ۽ÿҪԶŵʱ򶼻һ˾ͳһ顣
û뵽л
üۺЦɤἸ֣ҴǰĸȥʱͻȥҵĹҼǵҪźܾò򵽣˵̧ͷУŶã
Уûá
楿⸱ŰģƲƲ죬һ飬ȵǹڴݼӿ˶ˬƳСϵʳУɫ΢ЦеطеĹʳƵǱߡ
ҸԵģ򿪿˵°Ϳ
һû뵽楾ȻԵģʵѾԹҲ᲻þܾ極ĺ⣬ԸʳС
ոմʳоһӳζ˳
ǵһμĶвס
ÿκͻദʱ򣬾ϲϳɵߣ뿴Գֵ¶ı飬΢΢㵵ı飬Ǻ°ͣգ۵ôԣصΪ׼ġ
Ϊʾ䡰ʲô˭뵽ֻǴһ˲ʲôû˵Ӽһ
һڲŻʵʶʾͳԣǰԹ𣿡
пû
㲻һ䣿楺ΣͲҹⶺòܳԵĶԣ
Կ΢϶㲻ᡣ
Σ楿һʶ£һΪЦˮ楣ʱĻȴЩڲԣһګګ³֣ӡ
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˹ůˮů⡣
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˵Ӱţݸͷ
ҪʱƳҲĸۡס
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ˣ˵ȥǱͷ㡣
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š
еͷóԡ
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Ӧá
Ҫ˯뵽ղʱĳԼͷ˯˯ֱǸģæ˫ֶԴ棬Щ룬ܲȥץ˵ְɣ
в֪ʲô۾Ⱥþ֪˯ţùһԵ̺ǺãŻصԭǸгĶ
ʵ楸ղо仰˵òԡ
ǲ죬ʲôܳԣȴʲôúóԡ

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һӦյǰͼ̷ܳң㣩
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֪ǵȾãǱˣдŲͷ
極Ӱɫ̱ˣһĨϲҲԾ˼뵽極ĹϵҧӣһЩԣ޵ֻ΢΢䣬һûһµɨŵ棬ߵ楸ǰǰƵģ̧°ͿôŻ
ϤİɤѵЩʧؿǰӰ
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ĸŲõأһֻĸʮֲ
֪﷢ºĸͼŴӳϻˣˮ·ǳǰˣ˽긮֪Ѿ뿪ԼȥĸҶûؾ
һ·糾ͣѶȻһеĻûУ
Ҳǵһˡ
ҲͲһᣬֻܿű߰ɣĸǸϵ㡣˵Թߡ
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̷ǵͷȥɣҿš
楱δ˵ģƳߵĻУδ˵˵ȥ
á
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۸ոģѾţԶԶƼ楺һİ˲糯ȥһʱЩûӦƼҪ̲ȥűסеȥ·ʣ˭
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üɫҲȻǣƾʲôô楾Ȼһ
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һݴδģ۳ס
е䵭ü۵̷һĨͣƫͷοû¡
ϸһۣȷްſۣۣʲô
ϤĻҲ֪ΪΣǰܹƤЦػűӵ־̲סҧۿ楣ñ楻ҪߵĻغȻΪ˺ң
ƾʲôԱ˶Ҫȶã
ĵܵܣ
Ϊ̫Щ΢΢ˡ
ۿŭԾɢһЩǰάĻ棬Щεֵ̧˵üģƣѣ㡣
û뵽λԼͣŭƽϢһЩ
ǰ楣ӸµؿȻҲת뿪ΪԵʣ۵΢һЩײνɤ˵Һ
ò
ҪȻ˭뿪
ü˵ȴߴеɣȻȥ˵֪żȥĸ
ͬˣ楱ûٶ˵˵ͷ۵
˵ž
̷ѱӸеʱѹɤıСı
˵¶һĨϷı顣
ĳһϲ˿ˤſ楿ĳ
пһ۲δ˵ʲôӹӾ߹ȥۻԵŻбˤ£뵽˷һ¶ûУⲽˡ
ˡ
ϣͷ˵
һ멣ͷڼϣʱϣЩǵĹǻҪ༸֮
楴ʱȴû飬ްףּĿɿڴģ֪ǶûɹЩεüģۣ
Ĳ鲻Ը
̡
Ϊĸһ·ųķ羰Ŵû˵ȻҲûдۡ
ᵹҲǰǰͲסӣź촽Ŵ⣬ҲͰţżǻ̲סǱ߿һۡ
ﾲģů¯̿Ѿò࣬ˮٹС
˷С򣬹սͷð楾Уĸ
ĸǰδ޸еʱȥʱ䣬ǾʮδҲ֪ĸôӣһ·Ĭֱͣµҵʱ֮ʡ
չߣҪɽ
żǰͣŵ͹ؾվŵʹǣһ·ûʲôͻȻûͣȣѾȥ
Сģ
поʱᵽڣˤȥʱֻͣһ˲ҲûͿ粽ͷȥ
ֻüסһƬ½ǣȴҲָܿ们ͷҲȥӰŨܵ۽΢΢Ҳ΢΢
ʱƼ⸱棬Ųһ٣ܿüغһ鵹Ǻúܶ࣬һһүͷ楺󲽿Ժӡ
Ժﵹûͷôˣֻվһӡ
楽ӭҵĺС㣬ǻˣ
楽Ųһ٣ǰϸˣˣ֣
æһĸ첲˵Ϸ֪º󼱵òУæûü֪ؼˣҶûؾ̹ˡ˵ֲ𣬡˵˵ΪβϷ˻پ
Ҫ˵ﴫһԲϵǰ楻𣿡
ɲǼ䡪
ͺڴʱͣס
楽ӲŲѭȥΪƶԵЩ谵üи»ͷĨϸ˱ĸ˳ϸ˼ʹҲܿʫӧ֮塣
üƽͣĿƳ
Ϲƽ׽˵Цü֮ȴһڡ
ϤӰ極ǰۻһ໭棬С̵ĸֽдֵĸĸʱߵĸ
ͻȻ͸ֹסƵһµ
Ѿܾò޹õЩʲôζˣɴʱǸϤӰȴ૵ĸ
ϷҲոջЦźĸ˵ϸ˴ʱۿҲ΢΢Ρ
֣楣ĸ
ĸҲסˣŸߺһͻȻȹǱܣ鳲ҲĳѨ޷˵رȥ


63 һ
Ժ޺紫еĶ, ޣͷ΢΢˻ţƫͷƼһɴĿֶʹ, ӹ͸ĹٲȻɼҷɭϡ
Сǰ, ʺ, Ҫޡ
Żع, ޵ݸС, ۽޳Ż󿪵ԺӿȥɴʱԺĻˣ˵ˣ֮ǰվŵҲѲ, ܹƼ۵Ӱ, Ҳֻת˲ĹѾü䡣
ܿ졣
üů⡣
𽥰ȥҹƼǵľ͸ļӰ
λӻ𣿡͵ʹӼվ⴦ɳѯʡ
û
ˡ
ֿһü, Ŵתߣδ, ͱһΧ۵ļ˺ס, С, СǲҪǸȥˡ
ǵܵ, ƺηʲô
Ųһ١
ҲһĹ⾰, , ֪
䵭룬Щһ̬ºģǴǰ, ضػɽ˵֣ƿ˽ȥ
Щ¶極ȥȻע⵽űϻͷѹ͵ȫ極ȥ
üǰСϣۿɼᣬԴʮ£ͺͷȻлˣֲ̫ãȴͷסֻͷŲİһЩ
Ų̧ۣеӰ̷жվ磡˵ųӭȥСд˵Ǻͽȣ磬֪ļ𣿡
дۣܵš
ǡƫͷԺӿһۣΪŶЩ𣿡
ԡ
鼮鲻ԽսһЩȴѹţ֪
뻹˵ȴȿ˿ڣЩˣȻط
ֱԼķȥ
һ·ߣһ·룬ֱУҲš

Ҳ֪
ʼʱһߣĽùĵطʲôʱתԼ뷨أ
ˡ
ں£ܵؾӦط
ļҡ
룬ƺʼնδȷ˵£ǰûҲͰˣĸ͵ܵܶˡȻܾĸ
ոһ
л´۽΢һ£ǵһμޡ
ľͺˣδƵĻңжһվֲָķУְԲϣһһƳؿ΢΢͹֮΢ӻȡ
ȴһ֧ӡ
ǰ·һӣ˽ȥƼöӣΪ𣬶Ŀ飬ڶƬơ
ĵһ۾;ʮʺ楡
Ż·Ѱͷɻһ·˯ӭļˡ
񡪡
ָḧŶ˵飬΢Ҳ֪Ͳ͵óȥ

ʱҡ
楻Ϸ˵ߣСƵģ˫ֽϷ˵Ȳɿϥϣᡣ
Ϸһ⸱ģ۵òУСĺӣԼֽûٵһᣬдαƵϣϥⶼʯĥѪҲӲһᶼûһֱΪǲģȴԼϥϲסţƫƫҲûƼӲļͣȴԽۿɬ
ƽձµҲ¶һĨ֣ͷ΢΢ղźĸ̸ʱЦŵƬ촽ʱҲ΢΢ţҲϲϡ
վһԵĸֿ⸱Ҳɺۿ
۵ûޣ˫ȭ極Ŀ΢΢ҧڼѹʲô
ˡ
Ϸ˿˿ڡ
ɤƣָ極ͷᰲţȴɺͰܷҺͰ極˵Ự
˸ǻᣬĸɷĲԸɺλϷһȴͬһĹټҷˣ׿ɾʱϯæȻԡ
ԭ˳ȥȴ楴Ϸ˵ϥ̧
ƽպЦһʱŸʪۣԳִǰûеͽ̧̬Ĩϵᣬĸ˵Ҵĸȥҷ䡣
˵žվһһҷϷͷߡ
ȻҲϣɸͣĿǰɼֱͦŮͷҲص뿪ҧŴԭء
ĸҲ極뿪ǽ˷ջĿ⣬Ĩ۵ʱƳۣ϶һ٣ԥ²СʣλСүҪȲ𣿡
۲ǶõƢԣƽռﶼϷǰЩһǷ衢ηġ
鲻ã뷢ɿмá뵽楶ľأԥ£˵˾䣬ҽۡ

ĸһȷӦЦү
Цźһ˵ȥ׼ţͷȰǳܳˡ
ü˵أ楳Ǿ͸ûؼˣɸѾת뿪Ҳֻð仰˻ȥûˣԼҲסߵͷԺţĿǼӡ

˷䡣
־ȥһˮϷԽӹʸɵӲϵۣŮһգգԼǺǺЦô²ôճˣ۾ˣ
¡
ҡҡͷԱĸ첲ᣬգۣҪˡ
ʲôϷû塣
ЦûʲôĸԼļϿȥСĸһ㣬ŵǹϤĳζƽ
ĸţĻţʲô¶ûС
á
Ϸ˿⸱ģȴüǰȻҲճ׻ɵŴҹ̫ûأ񡭡ֶһۣ˶Էеĵǡ
Цȫĸʱºͣӵݸֺ極ֳʣ⼸ǲ۸ˣϣǸ
ߵļˣ
ԽԽɫҲԽѿ
ûСЦ̧ļϿصɫģĸ첲ЦҾˣҶþûˡ
˵󻰵ʱԾִһЩʡ
Ϸһ⻰ϵĳصһЩҲûɣǰﳯϦ飬δзʱǰ岻ãǱּŵȥһ̣õ顭極ֱЦԽԽˡ
ֲǶ˭楲ܣԱĸ첲Ц
ˣΪβͬ˵һ뿪֪֪ҺжൣġϷֳ
ָո˵˲裬Ҳ˵һ䣬ǰС㣬֪Ϸڳյŵʱ򶼿켱ˣ۸Ϸ˻ˮ·ģ·ϻһˮ
楱æסϷ˵ĸ첲ŵĸû°ɣ
ûġ
ǰһֱڼȻҲûŸĸ͹ȥҪĸ˳ʲô£ⱲӶᰲġ
£㻹õңϷ᲻ѹһԼ̾˿極˵֮ǰʲôʰʰһȥ
ҵҪڣ˭㣡
˷ͱգɳҵϷˣǴκܿһƷȣҲΪ׾ʮ־
˵ͷԸ֣֪ƣʰھͻؼҡ
ӦҪȥʰȴסˡ
ĸ楿ϷˣΪԥź촽ɻע£ɤ˿ڣҲȥˡ
˵ʲôϷü
Ҳ̼С㣬˵ʲô뻰ùô˵ϷڣѲɻίɣȻ˼ңǸϵĴС㣬˭Ҳ

֣ҴС󣬺ʱͬˣ楻ͷ֡
ֱ˵һƣǣδС˭ù
ﾲһᣬŴϷ˳صôģ
ƼĸÿɫԱ˵ĸǰδеչ˵ĸо˵Ϸɫ΢ҪſڣһסϷ˵֣˵Ҳǣûʲôùֵġ
Ҳܸмʮչˡ
ϣˣ˭ȡˡĸҲܰҵĵȻûʲô£ǰңҿʲôʲô
ĸ֪𣿡
ɫ£極ͻȻĵЦݣϷ˸߲ҵ˵ڹһҺܴľ¥ÿ춼úܳʵ߽¥ͻһȺ˺'ϰ'õ˶ܿɰԷĿҲǰûй飬Ϊҵһ͸ѭ浸أһ˿޵ĴС㵽һ˿޵ĸŮ̷źͷ
ҲˣҲҪΪ˻ţҪΪЩνԼҾǰûйӣǰû
һͨ˵꣬ǰĬµȴЩˡ
Բںˡ
ȴܲںС̵ĸ
Ѿñߵ˸ˣͬʱѾ߳СĴָÿÿĺӣĿ޶ȸԾϲҲᵣԼʧ
ʱСʱǰ㣬С߬½ǣỽĸ
Ϸ˴ȥҲϻأ
ź촽һᣬ˵עҡҡͷʵڲصǸˣʹһصޡ
Ը
Ѿ˷һӡ
ʵڲԸٻһӺûҪ˾
ҡҷ޲ֻдɲֹ⾲ŵںͷҶ֪˶ãһ˵̾Ϣ
Ϸָ極ϣӣıˡ
ĸſ˵ϸȴֵĴֹĺ󻰣˿ڣ䲻ϲȴҲοµϸ˵˵ţЦҵİĶܻþʣöĿ


64 
ҹĻ֮¡
Ѿ߹ʡ
ͷҲѾؼ, ǶǿϷˣν˵һ䡰ô˰, Щվ޷ٴԹ۵ĽǶȥⳡϷ
ɲ, һֱδ
ǰ˼, , Ҳ̾뿪, ֻûֵè£°Ϳͷ졣
۴Ժﱧϥǿ極ķĬŲ֪ʲô
ĸڳŲˣʹ楺˵, ׻ǲȷ, ոװ£¾ԼһˣȴЩزסˡ
իӵżææϻؼңỹ·ϼš
׵̷Ҳ·ʲô, СӶңңң촽֪ʲô

˸뷨, 極ڿˡ
վȥ, 楱ǰҪ׵۾, šü, ȴɱŤòͬ˵ĸѯ, ĸ, ؼ𣿡
š
Ϸ˸ոҲһᾫЩãֻͷ㲻ٶԡ
¸, ҲõЦȵھȥ׼˵ֵ߰󿴿ҿȴҲһüЩһѾؿ楡
˵Ǽ¥׬ǮôͲ֪ԼЩ
ô
ˣûоûУʲôС
ư°ͣתŲͷߣû߳極м£뻹ͬĸ˵һ
ʲôϷ˿
˵ҺֵĻ˵ֻ˵Ŀͷ̸֮״ô꣬ѻؼңȴˣͷĸѰʱ仹Ǻ˵õ֡
Ϸһ⻰ü֮ǸúӣҲעŵڣ㲻Ǵǰ楣Ҳġ
ǧټƸĻ¡
ŵȻ˼Ҹ֮ȥһţ˵һӭȢ楣Ҳð۸
楸Ҫ𻰣һ𣬡ʲô˼
̧ۿȥȥۣںҹµд˲ţü楣ظʲôѾǰ楣ʲôѾؼң㲻Ҫ뿪𣿡
ԼµʲôɾǲµԽţǰ緢Űɴʱһ˲˲ؿ楣ִֵزƿĿ⣬ʣڲҪؼ𣿡
ۣĿ΢
ʮ꣬ϵȴһֱãСʱ϶ǧ˳һĸףֲʥˣȻû취úദ
أ
ҲĲϲԾϲǰƤǹˣÿŰӳģǿСƤЦģ㱻Ҳޣֻһ˫ִֵؿ
ֱ󣬾ͲٰĶˡ
ǽһ˵ϵĻҲûһ˫֣ԶĴҹ㣬ѭ浸ءׯǽ긮ӵܣһһƥ֣ÿζָ
ɾۣȴһδαݺáʱͦ
-楣ôôûãǰǿɺˣҵʱһ涼û
-˵㣬Ϊʲôػ
-楣ȫֻ۸㣬ң˭Ҳ۸㣡
-㣬ޡĸûˣ㻹ңһ㱣ġ
ǰ·ֳǸǿɣĸִֵظ󣬱áԴҲߣ޸֮ȥսǵգߵǰ˵ǰ˵ҲѧҪȥսˣһűúýҵһҸɽҪ۸㣬ҾͰòã
Ǹʱ˵ʲôأ
һľϲϣ⻰Ҳֻһ䣬Ҳİ㡣
ǵСŵЦ仰֮󳹵׽ס
ҲǵǻĿ⡣
һĶħҪ˶µֻпҲʹѹģŸˡٻЩǰ£вһ̾ϢΣǰ۴δ˺һδĺ⡣
ǰǲˡ
ѵͬ˺Ҳȥˣúչĸ
ĺ΢΢һӦǰһΪʲôΪʲôǻȥһ˵ѵҪõضȹһ𣡡
Сۣ
ϷüĽأ
ȴ촽˵ΨĿһգգؿ楣ƺڵĻش
楿̾ҵļңҿ϶Ҫ⡣
һ⻰ͳըˣŲļң
˵ͼϷ̴ŵ棬²ͣƽӸλȴһֱǸº͵ӣȨͽȥˣݪŪݣһ̫̫ɼʹƽºͣʱη塣
첻µزµҲˡ
ȥϷ˿۵ͳ⣬ִֵز϶ɫһˣ֪ƣȥ
֪ĶҴӦһȥۣ۾øͷţƵģôѹɤ˵˼Ű˴档
ĸҲġ極Ȱ
ǰ˵ˣϷЩȣƳ֪ʲôʱĸ̾һŹ߹ȥǸˣʵڱǸû̺úӡ
ĸæ֣ûû¡
˵ֿ楣ʱżΧûüժָʶ߬ΧһǣĿҲһգգؿ楣촽΢໰Ҫ˵ȴʲô˵
ʵųãûǰĻҲ֪
ĸҪˣˣǳԲôࡣЦźĸ˵
ĸ⻰΢΢һȷӦ˫Բŵؿ楣Ծˡ
Ϸ˿ĸŮˣﲻ̾˿˵ʱȴָֻԭǸͰģüҹɫˣҲûȥˣѰʱ߶ˡ
ĸҲعˣѹвزסļ˵ԭǸŸ밲ǣֻǡ뵽Ҳôͣסˡ
ûʲôǣҶԵֻ֣춼ҪݡϷЦ˵һ䣬極֣ɷⲻµŮҳȥ
Ȼ
ĸ楣楣Ϸ˳ȥ
ЦӦһϷ˳ȥͷߣ·Ϸ極ĸ첲˵ĸ׿Ų㡣
ǺҡЦӦ
㸸أϷ뵽ûüʡ
楱ЦҲһĹիʱǹŰһЩȴܺá
Ϸ˵ͷ뵽ʲôʣҼǵ㻹и磿
ǰȥξˣ뵽ڵľЦľӣ˸ǧܡ
Ŷ⵹Ϸ˲֪ģֵ֮ͷξҲǧְܹ䲻ߣ佫죬պܵϽҲǰͷˡ
ȵ䣬ٺĳĵλһߡ
˵ȴЦס֣ĸصңﶼܹĺܺã˭Ҳûа취۸ҡ
֪ˣϷһ㶼ģɫ֮¿楣ȴֱ̾˿˼⣬ҪסԶĸ
˭ί˭۸㣬㶼Ҫͬ˵
Ȼһüһͷúź㡣
ãЦҪָ䣬ѾߴСңҲ˳ɻͣ뿪࿴ź¡ź򣬺ο⴦Ҳס
Ϸ˿ԺӣüҸլӡ
˵ǰŮЦӯӯȴӻ֪ûϷѵøͯƵķƢѽºͣʵСҪˡ
϶˵¾Ͳͷˡ
֮㣬治ˣ˵֮㣬ȡ¡
ȴҡͷˡ
ẬЦȴûء
Ϸ˿Լ˵ЦűסˣҰˣ׬ǮԺööլӣеȥǱסϲ̫𣿻ͷҾ̫Ǳһ䣡ÿպۺϣԡ
Ѷ࣬Ҳһ䣡
Ϸ˴ǰˬģһЦáȴ˸⡣
֮Ǳһ˵ģ㲻صģ㣬ϲеҲںŵڣֻҪ˺þ͹ˡϷ׻׻
˵ãⱲӶˣȴһɫӰǡڴʱͷ۵ŭվס
̧ͷȥһɫӰ׼


65 һ
ס֣
楸շĸߵͿ⸱, ɫ΢䣬̳ҲȻһŨŨΣҲ֪˾ô, Ѳʲô˳һ˵
ϱж׺, ÿοоҪȥܡ
ϱٻԭ򡪡
˵Ϊº, ˱һ, ۵뷨ǾûкԼ, ʹò޸ԲŻһζԻС
û뵽ⱲʲôûУ˻
ǡͷ۰
ֵü, Ϸվǰ, ˱ڴͶɫУһݵָҲ治ɫǸݲȵģ, һĴˮһ, һһ, ŨҵĻһ, ۻмް˵ö˶˵, ַʲô裿
һ⻰̾ըˡ
ԭΪ楲ϸǻؼ鲻ãʱôһͨѵǻð, תͷ, ΪŭǺҲôˣֱӳµôʲô
楾Ǻ, ʹǰĺãʱҲģ˵Ҹ׵ѧҵھӺѣҲ˵·㿪ģҼңʲô⣿
ԣ۾
Ҳ֪ΪΣǿв˳ۣΪ楱òһĸ֮⣬ǰδ楶⣬綼ûУƾʲô룬ǲΪ˵Ĵڲ뿪
ŨšüԼһ䵭սеޡ
߬޵Ϊ̫֨֨ǽ춯ҧ楶ӣҧͷŻƽ޸߸̧ϻȥ
׸ϰ䣬һʮɵǴϱضһƤĽ֡
һ㣬Ҳ
ԶԶƼǱԭ䵭ɫʱͱˣɿϷ˵ָߺһסֱ֣˵ķȥɫɺ׵ĶΪܶסѣɺҲ·һ㣬ͷҲζײ졣
۷һûסģֻлУúðһٽͷ֮ޡ
ԭͬƽϵģֻԶЩɿ楣ƽɫ΢΢һ䣬ûûأıӺ˦ϣԭҪĶΪץסǸޣԼ۲Ҷ
㣿
ԭŭĿòţ˳飬û鶯
͸ھ¥ǰһ
ǸʱֻһζΪԼûʹȫԵʣû뵽ʹʮǱ׾ٵ£ˡаɫԽŨɫҲԽá
ƫʱѾܵǰֱץŻеֱʵû°ɣ
Ҳû
ֶʣּոջ˴ʱҲ¶һģ˵û¡òУҧʲô£ƭˣ
һ㶼¶ôҲֻŻ£
еû¶кͽŵŮģû¡
нյɿȴ¶˺۵֡
˫ԭǺÿ޳񣬹ǽڷɴʱȴ˺ۣղͽֽסޣͷǵ̣һһȻˡ
֡
Ŀ΢һͷȥۣ˵Ǹ
ҸǸĿɿڴȻһŵģСû˵ǫ㳤ǵЩ﹫ǼҲմ
ʱ˫ֻǰŻУ³֣Σ
еνǸҲۿŵԼǰŮټŭ͡ά
ļˣά
Ҳû۵Ǹֻ俴ûеǸ˼㿪˿ڣˡ
ջĿ⣬תóа˵֣һٶͶԱֶʣ˵ȴŲȴַϷ˹ˡ
۶չˣλӵǸ
ϸֻƮƮһ䣬ȴ۱ĸĻ׻̫ˣɲ׵ͷͷҧޣӹĹĵģڼʲô
СүͺλӵǸϷ˺ʹСҲѹɤȰ˵
һǸһǸǱʲô̼һ㣬ͻȻ̧ͷŭҲǸΪʲôҪǸʲôƾʲôҺǸ
Խ˵Խߣ˵ͷ۾ˡ
Ŀע極Ӱɱŵȴûлͷ޵ҧŭ楣ԺҲˣ˵ֱ꣬һˣתȥ󲻹ֱǾȥ
楸հͷͿͷҲ뿪Ӱܿ죬ɫӰӱ޵˺ڰ֮УֻⰲȴӰ
ȥ˸šϷ˼ͷǵģæ֡
ҲģһתȥԸ
Ϊͷ춯˼Ҷ͵͵һͷǻ˶Щ˵ݲҳ
Ϸ˺ǵͷǸǸҼǲ̫ӣλˡ
Щ˼ⱦٲȻݵˣȴæ֣ûû£ҲûֺŽȥˡ
˶ɢˣϷ˲ſǸͷ꣬¶ºʹģǸʵڲ˼λСû˰ɣ˵ȥ֣ͷŵӣ΢ɫؿһ楣⣬ȥԸߵ͸ȥҩó
ãֻһЩСˡæ
ŰɡջĿ⣬šüģֻҪҪд֣
˵б㲻ٷͷͬ˵л
ϷȻ˵ã͸ҩôãӦſ楡
楱ߵϷߣ˵ȻȥɣЩ˱ض˵˰ۣǵţûһ·ֳʲô¡
ոջȴֲزסˡ
ϷҲ룬ԭӵĻҪ˵ᵹǲ˵ˣֻø極֣˿վңǲǱߵңһĸ

ЦӦ˺ãԷϷ˳ȥ߱˵ϾˣЩǲÿգȹǻᣬҾȥóԵġ
ϷͷƳվꡣ
վڻ谵ֵͷģȴܴͦݵξСʣȻעȴˣǰ楶̬ȡ
δάһˣûм˭ŵǹ
֮ҲûС
԰楶ԣ֮ӦһϿɵδûЩ£ȻҲ޸һӺĸףǶΪӦġһݲͬ֡
̶µʱ䣬ʲôЩ£Ժ˵ɡ
極֣ˡ
⻰ۿҲ̸źһԷֺչĸվһĿȥ
̣ʹӽԸȥһƬȴʼղ£Ϸ˿Żԭص楣֣ͷ䣬ȥ
ŮȻӦȴʼղ뿪ԭںͷߵߣڵο
ϷӽǿȥǡܿĲ
ʱ
׻һ㡣
ԭƽº͵ϴʱֳ㵡𾪡ţųҲ΢΢ߵּģһæסĸ첲ʣû°ɣ
ǸꡭϷ΢ָָ󣬡㿴𣿡
ôˣͷȥɴʱǴһξˣֻƼվڵƹµСӰһһ࣬Ƶüò


66 
긮ʻȥ, УϷɳĬԾеķ飬һһ, ΪײƵ졣
ּģǽĲ, ȴҲҴ˼, ֻĿ¶ǵһ, ڡ
Ρ
Ϸڿ, 㻹ǵ𣿡
ֵ͡
ʵ̫ԶˣԶһʱ֮侹Щûܼһ, ګګʵ˵
Ϸ˵ͷ, Ǵ飬û̧ͷҲûٿڣش
ôͻȻˣ¶ȣȻʮֲȻڴ˿֡
ϷȴֳĬһż˵, ոǺӡ˵ͣһ˲ŵ, ҿµӰӡʹת˲, Ǹоʵ̫, ̵ʮҲ̼Ȼ
һ⻰ͱ, ôᡭתֿȰǧ磬, , ұȥ£
һĬ
ãϷ˲ҡҡͷ, ǺѾô꣬οͬйأƾ˵ģưɡ
˵űֿ򳵴⡣
ʻӣٵȺɽͣӰбХķͿɫȾµĴأ૵ǺţҲʮˣǰǻ
˵󡣡
δ룬ǻûĵ;ûˡ
⻰ҲеЩѹС󣬵̫үڵʱȫһڳǣǻϷûԼĺӣѻʲôûʱϷˣعʿǰͯƵģְЦ˭ϲ
ֻҪϷ˵ܻá
ǻϷ˻˵Ҫۿޣ뵽

ǰ
Ѿˣȴ뿪վԭעûгСɫ͵ϣŵĶգӰĹ¶
֪ѹᣬվԭȥֻĲסĺ硣
ջĿ⣬ؼңȴƳĻУ۽΢΢һЩȣôڣΪˡ
´δڡ
極Ҳûж룬ֻԼһȥ֣ӰƲûнѪ԰ֿʣոҵģ
еȷ極ġ
ոڼڵĶֻҪǻȥˣһʱ侹ʧƵ˳Լ֪Ҫ˵ʲôŲǲߡ
ȻǱ۲ɷ˵סˡ
㲻ᡭ楿Լ°ͣһɵشŻС
бţü΢ΪԼĵײΪ֪˼΢΢սʲô
ֱԴһ䡰У㲻ΪҪ뿪ɣ
з֮࣬Щźôһ˲䣬Ĳ˼ôվǲҶġֻηĶͽܷſȥġ
ΪǴӲ䡣
ǡ
ۣס۵׵˼˿ڣɤҹɫҪͳȴѿɬѹںС
ǡ
һ⻰ЦЦʱü䣬ɷǺÿʲôҼңҵﶼ⣬ȥģУǶɵˡ
˵˵ţɫͻȻֶ˼į뵽ĸۣ֣˵ǸǸܵˣǸˡ
û¡
еȷûΣҲû۵ȻƢһ㣬ܿʼά楣ֻǿֳĿƼϵɫοһֽ£ƫο˵Ļǲ˵ſڱտںüأҲֻ³һ䣬긮ⲻԶȥǣʲôʱ򶼿ԡ
極ǺرⷬοˣͷչüЦ˵ǣҲһʱĳ̣ˣʱԹȥ
ܱá
˵һ󼱴ҴҵĽŲͷȥȴ
ʱһģҴҵʱ򣬼ͷѶˣ֪ǵԼͻ˵һͳȥ
楣
ҲƼֿ˿ܣͲǿںڵ˻ȥʲôû˵ֻǾźĿȴʼտ楡
Ҳδ˵ʲôЦŴӹ飬˵÷ˣȥԷɡ
áã
ŮȥԭؿһҲ׼뿪ˡѲʱǰ㽹ģڵģҲӯ˲١
ҪŵʱǸûͳȥӣͣ²ӣҲŸĿڡǸʱţҪߣһ߰ɡ
񡪡
ڣЦ£֣ߡ
ٸɡ
뻹µţղͷ춯ȴҳȥԼҲ˼죬ῴü֮صЦԼļԽ϶ˣʣ磬㲻𣿡
š
ףˡ
˿ҲһĨЦŸ⸱ģ̲סЦӯӯʣǸڡҪԷ𣿡
֪ǴȤɻһӦˣ԰ɡ
øԽԽСˣ˵ʱ͹ŲϳԷ˾Ӷ͸ϲãЦΣЩˡĸдǰûеζ
ϲĸ硣
è˻һ˵ţȥȷ˵žˡ
ҲûȥǱŻСèŸڴЦ纮һüҲȾһĨЦ⣬С˵ȡ֣Σ


67 
ɽѾʼԷ, 긮ҲȫĸŮ֮⣬С΢Ҳڣ&zwnj;򿴲ӰɽҲѵôڼ, ûгš
ĽǶ&zwnj;˸ߵĹɴ, Ϻõ˿̿Ҳ˼ĸ, յøƵġ
Ϻɽλ
״, ΢, ѾӶ׺ںͷ
ϹܼɭϣԴɽλûˣԺֻô&zwnj;, ЩҲǸֵ, Щ걻ﰵѹ粻ǰģҲǸˣ֪үĳ谮ǿס, Ӽի, &zwnj;̷ϡ
ɽͷûŮ, Ҳȥܡ
Ͱѻ̳ȥ, ҪŮ˶ı, ҪŪʲô֣ҿɲɽȻûʲô, ڳеλ, ϼֵǳ¹ҲǸģôҲֵǰ
ʲôҲء
ЩõҲల¡
û˰Ľ;, ϵӭҲԸ˶ţ˭Ҳ˭
˵ˣɽвյʵϣȴû
Ҳûֻ&zwnj;ۣʢֱ㹪׵ūȥ¡˵ű˳ȥû&zwnj;Ṧͽˣͬλ˵˵ѵſڣٹ&zwnj;Ĺܵˡ
߰ɡ
ɽ˵ϵҲ
ǰϣɽϿЩ
ôˣ
۷ﵽſ&zwnj;䡣
ҡԥ£Сĸϲҡ
֮⣬ܵģû뵽Ϸ˺۾ȻҶؾȥɽô楡&zwnj;ȻѾԼ˱֤˭֪﾿ôģ
ҲֻǴ۶͵żȥأϾ&zwnj;̻ŮôȵϹټС㣿
Ҳ楻ѽո߼°¸ĸĸ֪֪߼ҪΪȴͼ˵ضҪġ
ʱֻš
ϵû룬Ҳֻǵ˵&zwnj;䣬İɣĸͦõġֻǸƫ楰ˡ
Ҳ˵Ҳûٴ棬ԼߣߵӰڴʱǰͷɽĻ極ʰû
⻰&zwnj;䣬зӦĻ棬Ƥݺ&zwnj;Ҳս&zwnj;Щ
״ǰʼ£վȻ楡
⻰Ҳ&zwnj;ЦǸزסģʱ˵Ӱ䳰ȷүյǹˣĸײˣͷӰǨ֮·ɡ
&zwnj;ڣɽѴ˺üΡ
˵긮ҲǸĵطӽµٵĺã
ɽ̼䣬뷢𣬵뵽Լ֮Ǩ׼ÿϵֵܱҧˣֻǿ˵ûʲôɫʵ㲻س
ϵȻھݣϼֵǨòڳ١
Щ꣬&zwnj;ҲᵽܻسȻˣѵûٻؿ˵&zwnj;䣬ʰˡ
Ϸ˵ʢ־ʹ˼ˡ
ȻûʽڣҲûֹȥʰã˵ϴ֪Ըʶȥ̻ﵽ׻ܻġ
Ϸ˺СȥˣôҲûˡ
&zwnj;룬ϵҲ˼ڴĿ&zwnj;˲˲ͷ
˵ʱ&zwnj;仰ûУЪˣҲģ˵˵˽µĶȴ٣΢͵͵۲棬˵̲סҧס촽&zwnj;ԵҲȭϾ̲סЦ
Ƽæšü&zwnj;ѣѹɤ棺¡
΢&zwnj;⻰̲ʲôûأˣûںִƲƲ죬ܲĵؾ͡
ֹ&zwnj;ᡣ
ͷʹ&zwnj;춯Ϸ&zwnj;˻ˡ
ɽæϵ飬&zwnj;˳ǫģϵ˹ȥϷ˱ַǰ񣬡ĸףˡ
š
Ϸ&zwnj;·Щƣˣ&zwnj;ҲûʲôӦ
۾͸˵ˣ&zwnj;վ&zwnj;ԣǷӡ
ɽĴɨ&zwnj;ҲûƼ極ӰСѯʣĸףأôû&zwnj;˵Թ˵⺢ǵģǴγҲڼҾˣ򷢼ȥϻ
ҲϷǰмֵ׵ģ
ϷΪ᲻֪ϷͻȻ&zwnj;ƣֲᷳð˵ʲôϻ&zwnj;Ҳҵĵط&zwnj;&zwnj;ŲȽľ˶ᷳοİˡ
ˡҹɫ£˵͸żƣ塣
ʲôɽ&zwnj;
ո갲۵&zwnj;꺮ů⻰Ҳסˣϻʲô
Ժﾲ&zwnj;ᡣ
΢ûʲôʾ˿ûͺá
ˣȥԷɡϷ˻ַǰߡ
ɽȻæϡ
ɷϣûʱȥϷ˺ǰӣ&zwnj;˲䲻ȵس&zwnj;ٷʱϷڰĿǸʼյͷ˵&zwnj;仰Ůϡ
ŮüۺģʱϺ
棿
ˣ㡣
æӦǣĸ
Ϸ˼ǹػ㲻㿴ͷҽȥɽ򿴹ˣԭȵĵﻹĸͬ㣬պʱҲȥǶϾʮ֮Ϊ˼Ҿ͸Ǳ߶ˡ
Ȼõʱ˵Ƿ
ȴ&zwnj;⣬سߵϿȥɫѿҲ֪ΪûΪԼС&zwnj;ʱ֮䣬Ҳ𻰣ֻͷӦǡ
Ϸںլô꣬º̫ˣ⸱ģдҲµ&zwnj;Щ
ﵹҲûʲôȥģɽԭͲĺӣӵʵ&zwnj;ϵûУҲǰݲšԼЩǻԶ֣֮ңϲľǰ楺Сۣ&zwnj;ǴС&zwnj;ֿûôƣˣϹȥҲͺˡ
ֻԭڴǳ&zwnj;Щ
ƣ׼õĶС͹ȥϷ˳ַ
Ӧ&zwnj;ӳʸ档
ֵлС£Ҳģû˵ʲô
Ѿ˲裬Ϸ˺&zwnj;ϣһɰڹˣ
Ȼ룬ȴƽûִ֡
ˣûôྫЩȻϻˣͺͷ˵&zwnj;˲㣬ȿ˴˶ףҲûͷ治ʶ
ȻûвӦĵϱͷȥ졣
Ϸ󣬸뷢ɢˣ&zwnj;򲻴ֳ˵΢Цſ˿ڣǻͷƽǹ棬ȥôˣҲ&zwnj;أ
ʮģ̳գ۾ЦҲм潿ģ
ȴüڼôãλúٺ˵˵Ҳᣬϲá
ܾ˵Щ⡣
Ȼ
ûڣ˼žû˵&zwnj;&zwnj;Ե۴ʱȴšü͸߼¹ϵܺã
濴ЩƵ¶飬аãѲ˵ʲô˵ˣĸºͣôڱȽϺã΢ǱȴЦŽӹܸջؼҲ֪Դƽǽ긮ʱͣÿضӦء
֪楽ᱻȥû΢£üʡ
ԭû뼸СĻʱȴüʲôȥɽôᱻȥ
𻰵΢ȴˣװ&zwnj;ȵģ&zwnj;ԣȴſЦ
Ҳǽ·Ѿݺ˵²֪楽Ҳȥ˺Ǳ߼ȥ˵ġ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôô
濴º͵ֻС&zwnj;ֻҲ&zwnj;ɵ楣̫ˣ㵽ֻҪڣͲ˿ˡ
ܽ˵۸楣Ҳּɡ
ôأ
ǡҲϲأͷŮԶû㣬ȴΪѪԵʣ&zwnj;صõĶҲͰˣƾʲô
Ҫ&zwnj;ѻĸϳﲻ&zwnj;ŮˣΪĹ
汻ô˫۾ţȻˡ
Сůɫӳ£׵˪ѩŶɫԽԽڣߵüĸ׵ĸסҲ
ô˵ˣ
۶λѪԵϵĽ㲢ûж֣˵ĸصظţ֮úദҲνͶ㡣
뵽վ¥Щ˵Ļ˫šüôƽȥ
ԭҸʱȥѵ߼&zwnj;٣Ϊ뿪˼ҾͿ۸ˣû뵽νĽȻҲ&zwnj;š
֪߼ҪΪ楣Ϊβͼ˵ɤʡ
ʲôΪѣʲôˣϿۣüԽԽ
Ǹûģ˵߼֪ǸڹǼҾ¥ҪȥǳԣǸȥˣ
ԽԽ
ûԹǸķȺƾʲô
ˣת棬Ҳȥ棬ܵ˵ģ֪߼ӣҲ֪ҪΪ楣ǲǣ
ĸס
濴϶¶䵭ģ׻ˣĸεĸ׶û񿴹Ǳ&zwnj;ѻ磬ɿȺ˵&zwnj;Ļ˵
ɽҲȴǶϷ𣬡ôģ
ѵûĿؿ棬źԼ˵ӿŨŨʧΡ
ɽ»ͷΪԼŮԵϷԼ޷Ҫ˵ͷȴ&zwnj;ɤˣ
ʱ&zwnj;ɨҲ֨
Ϸ˿ŵ&zwnj;ȺˣҲƣָķ飬ۣ&zwnj;ƽľʱеĶǺ&zwnj;ᣬſڣѾͷ
ʱͻ̻̲&zwnj;͵&zwnj;̧ͷѾ&zwnj;
&zwnj;˵˭Ŷۡ
ϷȴֻĿ⵭ؿȴҲû˵֪в°極Ĵڻ䣬ɺӣо仰
ң˭ܺޡ
Ժ޵ǵˣԺĸףΪʲôҪѹūʹ·ҲԺĸףΪʲôΪ֪ȴܲ&zwnj;ңԺңۻ軨ΪʲôûЩ֣䡣
&zwnj;˵õѻȸϻãɽȴ&zwnj;ȴҲſȥ磬ֻͷš
Ψܺް楣Щ꣬û׵ȥ
̶&zwnj;ʱ䣬ĸĽ̸&zwnj;ºȳĸˣ֮䣬ҲƳ&zwnj;Ȼ㸻ԣȴʮаĻʹƶ&zwnj;Щɾ˵ģҲܻϲ
Ǳˣ˸ûֲ̿
ȥ𣬵ҲŪ&zwnj;£˶ǷİҲ޹ģܹѡֻ°ɹҲ&zwnj;졣
Ϸ&zwnj;˵õɫ졣
Ըͬ˵&zwnj;֣תͷϣ£˶°ɡ
Ӧˡ
ɽߵ죬޹&zwnj;ٹ䣬Ũ
΢±뼥漸䣬ȴˣֻʣۺˡ
Լм꣬ȴ&zwnj;˿׽֮飬еֻŨŨη壬ǿɤܡ
ۿ&zwnj;ֶûͬ˵̧뿪⡣
㣬ɫԽ԰ף⳯ȥǰ&zwnj;ѾߡӣǰΪ۰ʢִʱҲĿ⸴ӵ
պ棬ͻȻʱĸҲ۰ġ
Լ&zwnj;ֱޣ˵ԲסʢֵҲѾߡӶҲǾضӵġûȥ楣ǲĸҲúô
治ֻ֪֪Լӵе&zwnj;лˡ

С
ϷֻϺ֣˶򷢵ͷ
£ȴû̿ڣз&zwnj;&zwnj;²ţǰʹסҪˣɽ԰&zwnj;ڵ£Ҳûڡ
ҡҷа&zwnj;ˡ
һǵøհѰ楽ӵߵ&zwnj;꣬ꡣϷڿˣ˵ȴǾʱ¡
۽΢
ѩ׿ɰ&zwnj;СȴˣҲˣ&zwnj;ЩСβƵĸ档Ҫǻͷͣסֻ&zwnj;˫۾ؿ㣬֣ͬȥҲԥþãҪȷû⣬Ż&zwnj;㿿㣬ҰСèƵġ
뵽Сʱ楣Ϸ̲סЦЦЦţ۾Щᡣ
Щ꣬ҿ&zwnj;쳤󣬿ԽԽ&zwnj;棬ȴøˡ˵׽㣬Ķⳤģ㵱Щ˺۲ʱ˾ͻϵģҲ&zwnj;'ĸףҶʲôӦõ'ܵġ
ˣ
Ϸ˿ͨۿҲĸˡ
&zwnj;ӣǴ&zwnj;㣬ǰ߹޴ͷ¶&zwnj;˿ĸͻȻȻ£˫ֽץ֣ʮָǽͻ𣬾ҧ촽ҲпӺй
Ϸȴֻǵ
̧֣ǰҪߵʱ&zwnj;䣬ϣѾ&zwnj;ˣٰˡ


68 
ˣϷ˿ִͷ, ̧һ䣬ѻһɾ˯õѣڴͷһյβš
Ӧһ, ·ӵʱһβȥ, ȵǰ, ӹյŵһСϾڴͷɢͷ, һһ˵, ūǵһμ˿޵ôߵӡѾ߷˳ȥģūԶԶһ, ޵۾, ·߲ȡ
Ϸ⻰Ĭһ˲ſڣҲǸġ
Ҳ̾˿
˵׻˲ãҪˣ̰ҵȨ, һҲͰˣƫƫֵòճ˺ӡҡҡͷ, û˵, ֻѯ, С治ˣ
ЩԼ, ô˵Ͳأ
Ϸȴûش࿿, ǰ뿪ʱ楺˵Ƿ, һ˵ǰδδҲЦģ۾¶, ޵ͷҫ۵̫
ȴǰ
Ҫ̫࣬ˣôٰ
ֻһ䣬ֱ֪Ĳٻˣ֪˵ʲôֻܳĬصͷ϶ȴδͣڰ׵ͷ
ʱҲһӲˣǣиƣе˵ģϷ̾һ
ǾͲܡ
Ȱ˼ʮˣҲȥԼˡ
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·ૣԩҰ

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Ͳ˵ˣȥͰԼؽӣ˭ҲϼϿһججصҲԼϺ΢ҲһܣЩ굨СˣܾѺҪˣ
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ݵĲǿ̯ĳ²͹ģ˵ǼǿӸжģֲ֪ʲôѽԼЩɽ²͵ʱЩ˼ǺܸˣͷһξζҲʹЩɬһ㣬ζȶ˻ůθͦϲȵġ
ϷߵһѾߣƽʱΪТ͵ĶǺò裬⵹һκĲ衣
ȴҲûЦһڡ
Σ楿
ͷǲյµģҲûĺúƷ裬⻰˵ҲͲôġ
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˵մİݸ⼸Ѿͷ׼ģ֪Ҫ͹˵պûźౣء
Ҳ֪ԼôˣѲɵ̻ˣԲŻһ¾̲סۿȡ
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ʱҴ˾仰ź
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һ뵽۾ͷۣεˣƼҡ
䲻⣬ȴҲûжʣګګͷӦá

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ʮֱؿǰ
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ɲ楷ˣ

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ʵڲܹ
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лҪ˵棺Ǳ
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۸ոԶԶеӰ̶˻
ʱͷĽŲԶȥɿų, ۼһʪĺۼ, ͷǿŷƵĽձȥһ߲һû磺ÿóԺúι, һֿˮ
粻, ͷ˻
»з, ۼֿס, һһŶԷ
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ʱֵƻ, ʰ밵
ÿζ󼸸ի뿪ģҽͬѾˣҲһСϡԶԶ󣬼ԶīᣬͦΣ·ɰװģ
ûҪ˴ܵ˼ȸĵϸԼûʲôõ磬û뵽úúõģһӣ˾ͱˡ
֡
šüҿҲûƼˣӶ࣬Ҳ֪ߵһҪǵ楼ҲͰˣƫƫǵãһ·ţӭġҰס·
֪ŰҴүʵǳ¹
Сʱ˴ܵʱöȮŹǸʱ߲ǰСΪϣһˣ۲԰ǰ⼸ݵҰܣƫƫŵ׾ǱճסƵģۼǼڳ̰νţԶ㣬ȻȻСү¾ƺȣ
ıԴѩ⣬ǳʱôһЩŵȡ
Ҫų˵ֲҪôҪô׾͸ˡ
٣ٲСүǣװǻҧȴ˰߲ǽ档

һ٣Ȼ󺰵øˣڳǱ߿ȥ
ԽԽ׽סˣ彣ֲסͷһƬײ֪ôʱͻȻʯûһƬ׵˼лع۲۽޿棬Լű߾мСʯӣǼԭη峯ҰҲ·ʲôԥһ뿪⡣
ȵ뿪ۿǽҪ̱ڵϡ
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Ҳ楴ЩСʱû뵽˸ˡ
ҧгݣŭȼøʢˣΪҰŵЩǸϻУҧһᣬ׷ˣ彣ڻеǰһǸûģվסû𣿡

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ι
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ɼܿ϶ǲøˣԲϷŹУ󡭡ȴ̽˵ĵϸ֪˾ôģ
Сúÿһ㣬Ҳûʲô֮
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СаһǰۿȥǸͷ׵̣һشŲѣϵƤһ۾ȴţͷŻЦôˣ
㶫вͬʱģʱº͵غ˵˵Ųͷȥۣʲô
ŭ⻰΢΢һβŷӦ⻰ʲô˼Щ˼飬ȻҪҳԶ
мȲӦǣҲûϣֻĿ䵭
ΪʲôҳԶ𣿡۶ݵش㵺󣬰彣ǰһһģԱҪһͷĻʵûʲô
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˵⣬鲻һ˿įֻǺܿһļڽȥڸǡ
п΢΢ü΢ţȴʲôû˵λЩʵףСУ𣿡
ͦͨһ仰ȴըˣ˭ѣ
ԭ˵ĳ־˲ˣﻹһرܻ˵彣ʱŭ˶˹һȺüСֹǰըҲһؿڡ
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Ҳ֪ΪΣžüܹһĨԾˣҲԼոòԣֿ׵ͷˣսе彣Ŵʲô˵
ҲûջĿ˵̣Ұĸһ
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СУˡҪѶǮ
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ҲĶˡ
Ϊ鲻þûôԣһֱסĵطҲûǮһֱڡ
ǰЩδĶҪڴǰῴһۣʵڶˣԥһ»ǿ˿ڣǾ͸뵽ո˵ģü˵ɡ

Цջ֣˰˼ݸ
۽ӹȴûϳԣͷüе⣬ǰ붼Ǿ¥ʵûĵطԹĶɱǰһ˫ͰЦۿţֲ˼ֱˣֻܲ鲻Ըҧһڣ뵽⿴Ų۵ĶȻͦóԣͷŲдкɣͼ̱˳еֽ˻Ŵڳ
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Ǳ߲ܱȣŻţǽվŲˣȮèУԺﻹСԼŮ˵ĳµģǰδĻ档
ۼվŵ˶Ĵƺ˭
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ɫѾڣԺĵҲѵŻɫɫĵƻһ̤ҹ΢ôˣ
û˵ݸֽ
ʲô楽˹鿴Щȡ
ͬͷʱѵһĻУʱ極ȻԼǲɱ¶һĨеº롭
΢죬ǾЩ˼ͷ˵·һըĴ㳢

ЩεؿǳĲҳˡ˵ţע´ֽҲôùģСԶƮžʳָ󿪣Ҫǰ楿϶̾ͳˣɽ졭Ȼû顣
°֮˵ûθڣٳԡ
һرܸ֪ʱԣԼҲµΪʲôǳʵʲô£
楴ǰ¾ͻԲߣѯʣҲûֽ˵ҳˣҹˣ˰ﲢûϢ
˵ͷۡ
Ϊؼҵģֻ²ǣ͸˲ˡ
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һֳԲ˿࣬ƫƫֵúܣҲˣҲ֪סΡ
пϲزסĵǣкȻǸ˵Ǿ䡰ң㡱İ楡ȻǲﰡŻᡣ
ͻȻЩһЩ˱ڻͷĳ嶯ȻҲֻһͷˡ
вϲһ˾ҪĿ͹ĶԼϵˣϣӵи˺ѣῴ楣û˵һ֪ġ


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楴, ̧ͷګګؿŻУô֪
, ںһЩ۸ԼҪͬµĻϺ˵½۵, һ, ҽ·ʱͷж, Ӧû
ϾǮû, ˵ס޵ǮˣҲûʲôջס
˵ʱĲ˼, ֮ǺЦ, ӻҳߣǸ׳ա
֪ʲôط楸ղŻǶֵ̧ü, ʻУʱһˡɽȻҲµʱ, ߶, Ȼ֪Ǽʲôط
ʱ䡣
ǡ楸Ҫ, ʹĸ, 楣Էˣһ, ƻҲûԷ, ˵ȳԷȳ극, һȥ
дЩ죬Ϊȥˡ
᲻֪ʲôһɨǰǵģָֻɴǰˣüЦҲСӳԡ
һá
ԱչüЦˡ
İʱص磬ʱȴָСƵģƫģ֣ЦҹɫУӦãĿ楽Ųػݣתͷߡ
˳ɫѺ˸ס
ŵԶԶƼĸ楳º͵ظ˴к
ĸͷü楣治Ǹȥ
á
楰֣ôһ·ûȥͺãǿȥЪϢɡ
ĸ˵ȴţ˵˾䣬ˣСӵ¾СԼȥɡ˵ֿ꣬ŻжСУŰ楣ͷҰ࣬Сĵ㡣
ǡס
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пʳУʮȻȥӣָഥʱ楴£ȱܿã㻹ŵ
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š
עŵϣʱʱһ䣬Сġ
ʱȷԺĳʱ楾ȷСˡ
ıʮͨԣԭ˯ۣʱĽ䱸һɨǳ˵سǱ߿ȥͷ
ḧͷͷŵʳ̽ȥһ˵ģͷɨֵۣϵҰݶ˴룬֪Сûúι
ոն˼ɲ˱۶ţᡪ
ʳУһűݵߣҧ
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Ҫŵʱ򣬻סѹɤ˵
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Щҹ㣡
ٹҾýǣ
˵ҧгݣһ׺ݣƫƫӶòУ楿˿Ľö˶˵ڵϣֿ˿ҪˤģʱЩһѾû뵽ڸ첲ϣָüģͻжһۣҲͦȻģû뵽սҪ˵ۻ⸱ģ
Ҳ֪ǸǸЦһſںˣۡ
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˫ֽȭͷҲòУҪҧݶôˡ
楿ȥͷۻС
бŵ˹ȥ
Ϊ⣬ŵòеļֻСˣûЩ۽ӲҲûôˣ˿ӣǲ¶˿ûڵϡ
ûȥУעһԼ楣һ飬ôˣ
ȴûĻɨһۣһԣڵݵģ·ҲɢһѣЩĲϼֵƣʱȴ洦ڵϣƸղ۾͵ͷ˯ţջĿ⣬ۣҳߣ
һĸ֣ɫЩÿ
ΪǹЦģȭͷҧܣ
ֱͦļ;ǿĲ̾һٿʱͱ࣬û
ǵһɤԼ˵
תͷؿ
楼⸱ģҲûٿڣ֣ӹʳУɨһܣҵһ㰸ҪѶŵͷ˵¡
ţɻ
ĬӲһӣȲɾջͬ˵ˡ
楿⸱ģЦˣû˵ԵģһͻһʳĲ˷ŵϣƫͷкվԭصۣԷ
ɵɵؿ
ʱʱģҲƽյı꣬һľż極ĿǣųǱȥߵߵʱŵǹϤŻع
ĵһȴǽӹݹ꣬ǺݺšһԼĸ첲۵˻һŲŵؿ楣ȻΣ
ˣһ˳Եģû˵⣬ôأ
ۣʲô⣿Ȼû©ոš첲ĶЩؿҲû˵ģݸǾ䣬Է
أûԥ̽˹ȥһȴסˣ⽷ţ⡢жԱ߻żŸɲ˱
ȻϲԵġ
ګګؿ楣Щ׼𣿿ôǵϲã
Ǵ
˫ֱǽڣüңʲôз˵ͷ𷹣ҲûԹߵһȥѡ
߹ȥһ
һ߳ŷһ߿楣кһģ;øۣ졭ƲƲ죬ˡ
ֶ̣˵楹
͸һؼȥ˵žЩ·װͷ˵ͷܣ˭Ҳ˵ǮҲѵ֪ĸᵣģ
۱̳ŷ
ǰûԹĲˣĸ֮ҲûԵû뵽楾ȻԸǱ˹һƵģòС
⻰һſھ͵Ҳȥ
㲻ȥȥģۣûëɡЩˣѰһӣгǿѹסŭ𣬿ʣ˵ʲô
治ס
СΪʲôúõļҲ
ʲô
ȻĳЩĻ˿
Ҳɵӣ֪˵楾ԸԲͷȥŴߵܣȥľȥġ
һ⻰ˣҪк˵Ȼȥ°ɣĸȥ˵һҲͷˡ
û뵽оȻԼ˵۾ȵؿšü²ҪʲôŻûĵ⣬һʱϹ۸ã
㲻˵֣֪ܵȥ
ǻԵɺģ֮ҪٻطҲ֪ȥģ˯ŵĻ
һ⻰Ҳ侲
Ĭһῴۣ治ȥ
û뵽еһ楸ı̬ȣƫƫǰԼ˵ֲζҲ֪ٸִֻἤŭ楣Ҫ楲ˣǱˣ
ҧҧ۽տӣǵ͵һ
ˡ
¾°ɡ
˵ģҪСӻͷܵطǾ͸ҲˡüģɵվǣûغԷ극һؼҡ
һ⻰˫Ŀһ˵̻ͷ𷹡
ƽȻƢԲãԷнģʱȴԵ÷һ㣬³ˣҪջظղŵĻ
楿һۣͷʻУһжķɣ
⻰䣬лδ𻰣ԭںͷԷȴˣҺһס楸ղŵĻ˵ǻؼңŭҺʲôϵ


71 
һզզ̲סü, ʵǶõƢԣǰʼʱǲԸΪʹҲԼţԴԸٰǸģͳײ, , Լ
Ϊ۵ҳߵһ, ҲŲ, ˵ĸ, ո˵ҳҲĵòУһֱΪΪϻؼɵģոճԷʱ̾
ƫƫµһµԾû, ſ޷졣
ǿѹŭ, ͷۣ˵ûжķ䣬ͱ˯ѡ̣
ԹȻĬˡ
Сûͱ˹ùһ, ʲôľ͸ˣǲϲ, ϲ楱, ܹı뷨, Ծ㻹û취, Ҳǽ촽˵
楿ǰǿ꣬Ŀ΢, 뵽ʲô, ͻȻüҿ˿ڣǻи취
۾һſھ, ʲôֻҪͬסһ£˵
ƺµʲôӱŸ첲Цеؿ˿ڣҸȥҼջʲôʱȥʲôʱȥʲôͳʲôǮ
һģ˵껹Σ
䣬Ż˫Ŀ̳Ϊ˶ˣ˲ӽ楣ȥϻô֪ǹ⼤ԼΪþؼңȭͷҧҺס
˵ʱſӣҪǻǵǽеһ˫кܶûԣ˫ӶҪˡ
üǲµѡ
ȻΪʲôôҪ⣬Ҳû취߾ˡһ۸ͲǸ˻ӣҲòˡ
һȥ谲Ǻ͸ϵ
˵ǰ֮㶼ҵҲţ˵ºڱ֮ǰûмǡ
Ҳ֪С֪Ѷûпޣ
뵽⡣
楲ǰǸǰͷ˵Ҫꡣ
ŭȥĿĺȻЩͷŷһĹĵģҲûȥߵĻмղŵĻ⣬𣿡
š
пڣУʱסڿͷҲȫͷʰ¾ͺˡ
Ƿ𣿡楻ЩǣϾӦǴСľʶһĹϵͷЩġ
ҪûӣҲлˡ
мü΢סҪȥƽĳ嶯˵סںԺû£һȥ˵һ
ŷġ
˵ʱһֱŶ䣬ԽԽˣͻǰװģƫƫְ楲˵ֻĹĵسŷ
극꣬˵Һˡ
楿ȥûʰ˼ü˵Լʰ
겻ŵصɴ۾ƺ˵ʲô췽ҹ̷¡
ȴԾɱЦţô㻹ָҸʰһۺúദģʹٻܵܵģۣҲʮۿžִ򣬲úỵ֪́Ժʲô£ϾǰΪӿûٵˡ
ҪĄ̊́㣬ֻͱˡ
ۺ楳Ĭһᣬſеļ֣ҧҧƢתͷʰˣȫװʳУ˳ż彣Ȼܲ˵سߵߣ˵˰ɡ
ȫûߵǸˡ
Ȼӣ˽ܵУѡ
ۣҵܵܡ
뵽֮ǰһھ͸жαӣ˵ջûᣬ۵˽⣬Сӿ϶ʲôֿ˵ȸǸ
˵ʲô
ѹ»һ⻰ŭˣŵؿ楣ȥվɫĻУָԼӣҸǸƾʲôӸ磡
˼ģ϶ҪȴֻеرŸ첲˵Ե޹ʸ˶ӻˣͱôͲˣ
ǰҲûúúһ򡱣ʱֱӺ֣ǺιҲûʲôƺֻǿ˵ҪôǸҪôؼңԼѡ
ؼҡִ˿̾۵
Ȼ֪ԼؼңҲκβͬҪǲ˵ȥҲ˵ݶ챻ҧˣҲû
ջǰ
ܵĹдŲˣдҺܷĿתʱǸʼѵˣֽҧŭ
úǰ̣
ԣ𣡡Żһһ
ǵǸĻӲǱ˼ִܵơ
һν̬ȣǸҲãǸҲգЩҲΪŵһ㴹楣鲻ͬʱĹѵۿɼرȻȥɣҲżˡ
š
極ͷۣ߰ɡ
ûվһԣûȻΪղűȵǸ
楿⸱СֻЦҲû˵ʲô
ŰҪߵʱ򣬱ֽӹҲϰˣҪҲûƾܣһ̳˹ֱӴӻݺݵãԼã
˵һʳУһ彣ͰаĻᣬӲ֮䣬ԭվ˷ֵԶԶġ
пһۣû˵ʲô
ȴΪŻ˵һ䣬߰ɡ
š
һߣȵͷͰѱˣǳ̿ĵ㣬һǱߴչȥҪ
ۿ⸱ӾЩոͷùǺ⹷һ㻤ԾûУҲ֪楺ǰôһ
׽ҲûףһѰ˦ϣȻ˵
ڰĳ磬ֱӾܾôһ·߹ȥͺá
ȴʮּ֣Уȥ
ûëʱһֱ˵ĻҲˣɣһ·ȥЩġȻ֪ôԭ򣬲ǲô
˶ô˵ˣ楿˿ǣҲûپܾ
ܺã˷
Ⱥ󣬳ȻܼҪǰͱۺݺͷֵ㣡ȻҲлᣬֱǣųߣߵͷȴãˣ⡭߰
ԭЩȵȻУʱ¶ãЦ۾ûа˼
ǲˣ˵´ջĲ鲻ԸصŻ߹Ȼ˵Ĳǰߡ
¹¡
ڸ߸ߵϣɫյʮᡣ
ǰͦεǰĵ·ߵȻ·ʮֲ֣ʼսɿ
ԶżȮС
ڴ˴ȴɾһˮŵϱɫ͵ƻбճӰҲ


72 
˿Ӳŵǰ, ۻؼң֪ҪסڻмͰҪ룬㿴Ż˵, ȥ˵һ
еͷ, ŵ˽ȥ
ʮְ, кܶ˼, ȻѾ˯ˡ
ҲֻҺͻмҵԺԼ⻹ŵ, ͶĹǡܹռšһüͷӢ˵ɽ촽šüĴ, д˲⡣
Ȼ֪λүʲô, վڳԣһḧͷһߵˣϲ⣿
Żϲ, ־ɡ۹һ䣬֪Ӧʻ˭, Ӷס, Ҫ˵ʲôϲ뿪Ļ, СŤͷǱ߿ȥ, û뵽ɫƽºͣûۿ, һĨǰδЦݡ
һʱס, òٶȿڣҲðɡ
㰲, 紾ӣүΨһŵˡ
⻰ЦŨԾḧųͷԶ೤Ŀȴһֱۣ۱ûڣͷʲô
˵ҧҾǲϲ
׻˵滰
ֻǺżȻ̤طҲνϲϲƫƫطסǰˣ¥Ҳϲ
㲻ϲҲЦ긮𳤰ȷ಻ĵط
û뵽Ȼ˳ԼĻ˵Ŀ⾪ȵؿ
ţԼȴĿŵխΪǰƵԵʣֻӨӨɫͷȾԼǰ·״
Ͽӿݣǰ¹ˮš
ʱ·ǵʱûעͻȽˮˮܰЬӺȹڶŪࡣ
Ϊﻹ˼ţ·żƼδ˼ʱɾķ㣬ŮҲЩѫһȫ˴ͷ棬ֱӶִҲеģһƼһֱŵ׷ܣ֡
ɾһطȴһǰδйĹС
żڼҵʱﴮͣڽļСϲ㡱ʱڼ˺óԵҲ͡Ȼûн긮ͳķ֣ȴʮİ
պʮͣ䲻Ƴķ絶һ㣬ίʵҲòȥЦ££ϵĶ񣬶ջĿ⿴˵಻ãҲҵļҡ
һ⻰üͷš
Ҫȴ˵СۣҲȥˣĸҲҵĸҲҵĵܵܡ
Ŀ⣬û뵽˵һҲԾЩڣҲǵһ˵ĻʵЩӦǡһŲæͷȥƼ˳
Ҳڣӭ˹ȥü΢סֵ˵ôҲˣ˵ЩؿۻУ岻ãҲ֪ȰһЩ
гĬ´Ҳû⣬վһԿˡ
ǻˣæԼҪģԭҲû˯ţóĵܵܡ
˵ͷȥǡƼ谵Уźɫ±彣һ˫ʢ˵۳߿
ѴǰлعˣԭΪǾ䡰ҲҵĵܵܡֹƼ楺ʱŴʮֲˬؿǣ¶ڻǰľһдŲͷͲ˵һһꡣ
ƽպټˣо͸Ӳ˵ˡ
С󣬳˱֮⣬Ψһ˵ҲӦͺ֮ͥԸΣʮ㡣էȻƼһƢԵ꣬΢΢ЩֻҶ極ԶԶ˵˵ͷ
ۣ楻ͷˡ
ȻǲˣȴŴ˹ȥҲ˵վ極ԡ
룬͡ƢԣСȻڴŮ˵ҲΪԷԱͬÿ˵ǰвٹұ۸ޣͷ۸룬ӺúúദҪ֪۸ˣôʰ㡣
Ļƫͷˣһ걻ôһŲʲԸ³֣֪ˡ
⣬ǣŻ֣Ц˵ߣͷȽȥ˵ҲˣԹŻӡ
ۼ⸱·һεģԽøʲôƵģּѾæһۣǣų첽ȥ

ҳȥס⻹ʣ䣬һݣѾŵĻҶסģһǿͷϴӦͺ֮ͥס⡣
ͷﶫȫ
һǽȥһ˵ӺǰɹҪǲﻹУ̿ȥãø͹
楼СģЦŰүסĵطͲˣҲʲô̿Ҫʲô̿һӾǣ޾͸ҹȥԺ˯˵ͷȥŴĴۣüʣǲǣ
۱಻Ҳ˵ʲôֻɤһ
ˣûȥ˯һЩϴõĶۼˣͻ˵ȻȥҪ㣬ǵú˵
еͷҪڣͱ˰ףȥ
У
Ĭؿһۣҹһšü
ȻûƼҲл۽ͻ˵һʹߡ
ŴĿͽ뿪ûȥûȡֵСè˶˲Ľűţ˱ͷ̾˿
һ·ߣ߱߶˼ҿһЩǶҵѣźǷʲô˼ңû㣬ʲôò˵ģ
ƳͷҲ֪ûаĻȥͣ²üû
ŻعƲˡ
ﻹЩΪǾʵĻҲûѲڵһλˡ
ոա˿ڣ極ֶסˡ
ţ
楿ʲô
۴ֱֱȥӣǵһᣬ極˵ûʲôǿµģҪǲʳڣ˯ˣ˺һᣬҧʵո˵ΣңҶĵܵܣ
ԽԽᣬβЩ΢
ΪȷŶҿ϶ĿⶼҸ˶ˣ˵֮ʹۣѻ۽һһġ
Ȼ¸ոԼǻһش𲻻ģæ˵ˣûʲôȥɡ˵ԹǰߣӱʲôƵġ
楿ⷬĶӵģȴЦιۣ
ԭغˡ
ͣ²Цʲô
Ҳûܡԥطȴɲϻͷɤơ
Ц߹ȥվ󣬡תͷ
ƺЩԸ˼תͷתȥͷһֻĸԼͷ࣬˫ĿȻǲһ㣬ؿ楡
ҲͷɲǲŷǰʵѾúܸˣŲϸͷ¹˳ɽ͵Сӱѱһ㡣
Ҳôһ¾ջ֣ЦǣûΣ㶼ҵĵܵܣΪ˭͸ı䡣
֪ǰҲǸý㣬
һԺ󡭡Ŭɡ
˵ʱ΢΢üǲԼ˵һý㣬ˣ԰ɣദҲͦõġ
ˣȥϢɣҲҪȥˡƵҲڵո۲ʱͻȻ͵͵һ䣬ͦõġ
ʲô
û壬ͣ²ӡ
ûʲô۲Ų֪ʲôأִ˼ϰͷƣ߿ߣҪ˯ˡ˵Ż˭ҵͷˣ㲻֪˵ͷǲİ
楱ߣ󻰷ǳĬתͷһۣƺ˵㣬ˣ
ۿ˱ˣǸոձͷѹգŴû˵ֻǼ⡣
˵֪֪Ůϵܱ˼
ѾƵſڣŪЩҵѣֱӺ󻰶ˣסҸո˵İȥ˵鷳֪ôʰ㣡
ЩװͰ͡
ۿ⸱ģȴ˶ʱǰ㲻ϲƲ죬Ӧ֪ˣ㶼˵˺öˡ
ǲסûصһۡ
֪ΪʲôܸйȥĶԼҰɣӦϣҲûٶ˵˵˾䡰Щ˯ߡ
Ŀ뿪źš
̽Ե¸ոձ˴ĵطƽʱĳ̲סһĨزסЦݣܺõĻعͷͿԶèվ¿
һˣ۱ḻ́ˬȡ
뵽極ĶغһˣǸһӺˣãҲú˼ƽ~׽ʲôãͷ
뵽⣬ͱøˣǱ߻ǵдŹȥЩɲϣһӴط
ţֺŸ裬ˬغͻв
п¶ҫüʮĪ
лҪ˵ܵܣߣ׽Ҳûãֲͷ
ˣǲͷģҲûپ
ܵܣ͹(ܳܳ )


73 
峿
һ, źǷһ·ȥʵӼͱͷۺͻ͹ȥû뵽սȥƼĸվ̨ǰ⽡

һߺ, һ߿˿ͷ, ֵôô磿ƽʱﶼóӲ
ĸعͷ, ﻹһƤ, ͷһŻع, ˯磬ˡ
˯
楼ǵȥˮ, Ƽŵ, ҰƬ࣬ô˯úõӡдԼµʲôԵʣû˵ֻЦ߹ȥ, °͵ĸϣѾ˼ŵ۾Цô֪ҽ⽣
˵ֵ, , ͷҸ͹ȥ
ĸͷ, ǿһЦ, ɫȴǺܲ԰ס
һϴҲһ߰˵, ǸСǰûĵط, ˵ҹ˾¥մ֣ûվҪ뿪ˣжеֲ˼, סһҲл˵Щסڻм
̶һ仰Ͱĸеļʸƽˡ
ĸƤתǱߣɤʣסЩӾͻȥ𣿡
ǰƵ۾ЦСûôԹ࣬Ҳͼʣһֱ⡣ĸƤˣۼֿ˹һ߾ΣȻһ뵽˰ϡ
ĸ˿
ȵٿڵʱԷࡣ
Ȼ֪ոڳʲôһǵҪؼңΪסڻǲǡЦЦȥ𴩣ҽ컹Դͱء

ĸˣҲ͸
楰һ˵ЩͷҸ͹ȥӦã⽣ٹվҪˣιƹǲϻȥˣͷĸŵʱ˳˵һĸҲ˵¡
ĸ֮ûЦаüҲܾûˣСӶҲЩ˵껹صڰæ֮гն楣ǵǱһˣҿλϷʮϲ㣬Ϊ˼Ҿͺ˼ҵġ
Ȼû飬ů֪ġ
ȻǱߵҪ楻ȥҲ˾ð楶Ǳߵϵ˲ġ
˵أҳȥһˣĸЦ˵棬һᣬҲȥţؼסա
֣ĸĶһ١
СŮĸȻмģĬһ˲ҡҡͷ˵ҪǼﶼˣдšͲˡ
ôҲûǺӼķŻĸ˵һ㶼ǼٵģʱⷬԹУȴµ
ȻǺӺúõģҲûҪ˼ˣҲʡ˼Ҿʸ֦
ԱҲûȰ
˵ģҲ
Ψһģǲȥᡣ

һͱҲʮ楸װһЩŽʳ
㲻ȥĸ
Цҡҡͷȥǳԣʡûͷ˷ѡ
ĸҲûȰֻǶСЩĿȥջĿ⡣
楳ǻᣬɫմףԼƼֻûгµƽȥիԼаʱӣҲոʱʱԺﴫŮٵ˵ҲСǿӲĿЩҳ̵˸ڵš
ԭΪŵĻ룬û뵽Ѿϴ׵ĻУ΢΢һüЦź˴к簡
Ҳû뵽һݵؾȺһͷͷҲң·ûвԵĵط
ͨͨסţϵıȴһģȿЦգ˫üҲʱ࣬ϽӹʳУŵһؿһۣţ
ǰ
ף˵ؽݹţ˵⽣˴ͱõ˵һ٣㲻Ѿպ˰ɣ
û
ʵѾˣлҲգس˻ѣǰӲ˵ѣɣˡ
󣬽˵п˵
ףá
һԺߣ쵽ͷʱͣ²ӣͻ˵ȥҺ£ʡûͷˡףߵͷǰš
˿ʮ£ͷŴʮֱ꣬һӱ˳Ѻ˵˭
楣
ǰδй𴲣û뵽СӵȻôüһվſڣʮ̹ȻӦһҡ
ڶݵؾһ۵ղŵŭ죬۵ԵЩɰͰ͵ʵôˣȻһOO@@µ£Ҵ·
㣬ϴԷ˵Ҳûٴֱۣüȥǵʱ򣬻Ѿ궼úˣ˵Էɡ
á߹ȥ˶棬ӹĴͱܣأû𣿡
׼⽣⻰΢٣ȻͷҲ̧˵ţû𡣡ʵոѾˣֻ֪ڣصذѵطǡ
֪Ůδ򣬻뾡Ӵǡ
ҲûʣŶһŴͱƳżͻ˵ϸһ䣬Եһʱ橹ˣߵſھƼжŵˡ
̫ȫ
ƿƲ㴩͸Űɴľͷðȫչ֮С
ǶȿȥһһŮеŮһ˵ʱü䣬ԶţɫģһȻЦÿĿ⿴ŮʱüҲ̱º
Ȼ䡱֡
ǰûټһ𣬿Ҳûйĸо
ȷӦ
꿡һæһƨ
ԭ˵һ׷ͣתͷпͷۣϵЦĬͷ⽣ȴüʲô
ۣ
Ȼ˵ˡ
û¡һ̧˽ȥֱߣһŴͱݺҧһڣйƵģĿŻУƫƫŵǸһоûУֱˣֻʣҪ𣿡
ҡҡͷҪˣˡ
һ⽣ֳһŴͱѾԲˡ
б㲻ټ֡
ۿⷬյֺݺҧһڣѧˣֱ֪Ӹִ϶Լڰ׷۾תһȦͻȻ楣㡣
ںȲ⻰ҪǴСѧĹѾǱĬĵˣֱҪѿеĲ趼ˡ
ɼû磬Ϊʵ̫죬Ҳ̲סĲϣסš
мȵͨ죬۾һˮæ¿վ߹ȥļ򣬿뵽˵Ĺϵָո̧楼ͷϷ˻ȥĺ£ȭУеĵȴôضزס
վԭؿʣû°ɣ
ҲżҲȥ極ļ򣬵ǰ楴Ӳ˵ҹ˵Ĺϵúͻ࣬׻ûף־ַ£Ҳͻһüʣû°ɣ
û¡ֿ˼楲Ŵ˿ڡ
æѲյݹȥšüȡ
һģֻŭһۻУҲǼƽϵʱ򣬱תͷȥ楣ͬõԼеĿ⿴
楽ӹڲ㻺˹
ȰѲյºĵһ£һĪؿۣոͻȻңʲô治ʵۺƺЩӦ
۱ڻǰñ̻еģ˵ƲƲ죬һͷ⽣һɤû¡
üһۣܾûµӡ
Ȼ˵Ҳˡ
ȳţۣҹҪȥ¥ȥ𣿡
Ӧȥ
ȻҪȥ
˭֪Ǹƾ¥ûĹˣҪҲܷŹ
ڴ֮ǰ
۾Ŷû˵ˣȻؼңʰ¾ȥ㡣
ûĻͷͻ˵Ȼȥˡ
š
ȴǿҪͬ˵ʲôͼһûˣֻǿ極˵ͷ
뿪
ȻûһᣬĺͿ˿ڣϲ
лҪ˵ܵܣ
㣺ˡ


74 
пŶ, ʱ㣬һĵĮ룬, ףǡ
㣡
û뵽Ȼô̹, ŭͷ
߬ȭͷվֱ, Լǵǿ鼡ⲻס鶯, 뵽極Ľֽҧ˻ȥ, ĥʣ֪֪δ򣿡
˵ʱʵҲЩ, 楺ϵǳ, Ѿ֪ҪĸȡԼ¡
Ļ, ⻰ǴԼˡ
á
Ƽ˶ǸԴ뿪һֱ仯, ⻰΢΢һ٣Ҳ, ѹֿʲô
֪
楺Ĺϵ˵ǰ, ֻѡ
ѣ, Ǹ˵, ĳЩ˰С˼أҲǸŻĳ˵Ĺ
ˣҲǰǰˣɫʵرŸ첲ߵİǽȥż΢΢һ, һûһµŵ棬üҼʣ֪δ˭𣿡
˳Ĭּڽһ϶֪ˣȻĵأ
Թ˵ŻδеҲ΢͵СүҾʹĺ˵˰ɣδǺպӣκ佫֮㣡һɵģ˵ư°ͣԽԽĬ¶ѿ뵽ֻǶݵسĬһᣬȻע£վʣ˵𣿡
һ㶣û뵽Ӧ
˵꣬Ҿȥիˡ˵һᣬûٶĻ㳯ףʮ֣ʧ㡣
δۣȥ
˳ȥСŷӦ͵Ϳһ
ιһû˵أ˵ž׷˳ȥߵ⿴ȴǻУǻ롣
붸ȻƼֱײŵͣԭأͰͺˣҸȥˡ
üŲȴ
ȻϲУ˼ǰʱӰɣס⣬Ժеǻᡣû¡䲻ؿڣۺķ򣬵û߹ȥͷӦһȥ彣ͳȥ
ʼնĿĻܣСؿڡ
ĵܵġװ

⡣
ôôۼǣųڵһ䣬ŨüţͱţһǱǵģüѹɤʣֺͻʲôˣ
֣
˺
ԱʶԶ㣬û뵽˿ųĬԣѲֱӸ˵Ǹ˲ˣɿ˿ԼˣֱذѺĻȥ
ûʲôһǺܺģ߰ɡ
楴Ҳϰǵģˣ⸱ӦûڻǱֵʲôã԰̲֮סǰ£ǰҲܸйȥ˵Ҳ֣˿ŲԲľګúܣÿڵȥҲûֵʲôãʱ򻹻ᱻ˷һ
Щ¡
Ҳ֪ģϾ̲סһĨЦ
Цʲôϣ¶Цʮֺɵؿʡ
ûʲô
һ˼ʦ˵һ̰ɡ
˳

ԺС
Ŀ߳Ժӡ
³ȥһˣֻû뵽ͻȻΪ˸˴쵥ദĻᣬһֱװû
Ҳ֪Ǹƺ«չһˣе㷸
߽Ϳ˱ĻС
벢֪ü䷢һϵ£ɫ糣غ˵磬Ӻȥ¥ˡ
˫ֳ̨ԵŻع񣬳΢΢һ£Ƶģšϴ꣬ǺѰһ仰ϣ⽺ʹͱϲĻﻹаࡣ
ԭӡ
ʹ£Ҳڱ棬ʹʱѾޱ߷ˡ
˵ͲµδҪȻҲɵ
лû뵽˾Ȼӣκպ佫֮ͥĸˣȻҲ֪һЩλӵ¡
˵ʮ⽫һ֮Ǽ죬ҲΪ֮С

ҲΪʲô楻ôãҲѰ
ǼսΪ佫ҪֻȥǼ·ϣ֪ҷЩ¡極δΪ뿪ҾͿˣǻ뾡Ӱߣδ򲻽ˣǸصĴӢۣʲôʸ
磬ϾҪϦˣ׼ûΪвĵĻһ˹⽣һ߿ŻеӰʣ˵ûĻشһ˫üҲˣʣ磬㲻û׼ɣ
˵Ǽ˶ٶ㣬ϲ˼ôһʾûа
ľͷ磬Ҫˣʱ䣬Ҫȥ򣬻ҽհȥɫ£˵šüҲ֪ϲʲô
á
дרע˼лعͷĻϴõøɾŵһԵĳȻתŻ˵Ѿ׼ˣϦġ
ԭҲֻϣܹ޵ʱܹúߣδ˭Ǻݣֻ֮ΣͲĿǷΧڡ
Ҳȫǡ
ȻҲпǵģֻǰδֿһֱ⡣
񡪡
ϣãڲߣڲطܺá
*
˽¥
Ȼδֵʱ򣬵¥еĿѲ٣ģЦźкϰ塣
иʮ塢˳һŹŨüۣһɫװԸҲԿ࣬Щ񽭺ͣھֵĵң֣һ֡
ֺǽ¥ĳ͡
Դ¥ֻҪھͿ϶
楽˫һЦݵкֻڿ彣һʱһͣԹһŵѯʣϰ壬λǣ
Цźܣҵܵܣû¾ҹ
ֺȻЦԭϰĵܵܣ˵ôǳôءȴ˵Ϲˣ۴Сû˵Ҳ
ǲȥҴ˵ĻЦŵͷһ䣬ֵá
̷ỹҪæϦҹ£楱û¥ȥ϶¥۾ͱﲻס˿ڣղ˾Կˡ
楾ĪԹʰ׶ϣԸЩ¥еͣȥ˼ҡ
˭ˣƲƲ죬ʮֲҪ֪᲻ˣˡ⡱˵ʱҪȭͷˣƪأ
۾Ϲ˰ɡ
֪ǿǱ֤ˣҲû⣬ֻʣʲôʱؼң
һ⻰ﻹ˵ˣɫѿŭҪߣ
ը楶죬ͣ²ӣĿεػͷһۣۣܱܲһһէġ⵫Сģܱųಡҡ
ỹվڶ¥Ľϣ˵ʱǡܿŵˡ
ȻƼոպֺžյķ򣬶ȻһײһȳˬһЦƱ
楴ǰλֵദʱδʲôֵĵط
֪ǲΪ۵ĻȣٿʱζҲûϣλֵȻܽģΪ˺ˬĹΣƷܺá
֮ǰ˰æһЩѡӡϵӸӦ͹ȥ
˵˻û˵ʲô˵ʲôˣܾǣԣⲢʲôܴ¡
뵽⣬òس˵˵ͷǴкȻջĿ˵㲻ؼѵͼ˵һ
ô˵۱֪Լˣѵú˶ŶһβŹҲ֪ʲôʱȥͺ˵ȥ˾ͻȥ
ǸңԭҲϲ
ÿ׷ѶҪϷǲۣöġ
ü㲻ѧˣ
Ҳ̫үǱϿΣֻΪ֮ǰĸȥǱ˼١
ˡۻǸΪȻģ楿Ŀ⣬Ų˵ս彣죬֪ˣȿѧǰҿ϶ͻȥˡ
С̴
ҿѧÿˣ뻹һµʱأһ£ͲŽǸˣЩġˣ
˵Ǻϲ֤ܹҲܺĸиˣ楱̧ӳ¥ߡ
⻹۵һ楰칫ĵط
û¥µ峿⣬ǽɫʹеһж·һĹ⣬¯ﶪһϣȻ¶ŵһļϣ㿪ʼĥ׼д
Ա彣ĴкҲдһ⡣
Ŷ
Ӧһ彣ϵʱź֪ӦԼôôҪ̬£ͿʹüѾʼдŵ楣һ͵ĵľʱͷչ͸ŰɴĴ˶УΪȾһĨĵ⡣
Ƽ楡
Ҳǡ
ٿ楡
һʱ״ݾ׵ᡣ
򴽣˻ȥҲùһֽд極֣أдþͼ򵥺ܶˣ㽻˼䣬Ȼ±ʣŶȵīˮɡ
һǸסģʱѧþڣҲǣǰºüҶӣﻹô˵Լô¡
ԡ
вɻˡ
뿪ڵʱȴͷһǰҡ

д꣬еëʣ˫ֽϣ˽ػ
ƿţվſڵȴֹиո¥º̸ֺ롣


75 һ
էȻƼֺ, ɫ΢һʱЩûӦȴ׳һ, סһԵ彣˵Ѿվ, һҪͬ˴ܵӡ
һ۵һγֵĳ, ԰С, Ųˡ
ֺƽʱ߽߹, Ҳ࣬Ȼ۵ⷬ, Ҳ, һĨˬʵЦ˵˵ͷ, , ʺãϰ塣
楻, Ҳͬ, ֵҡ
˵꿴ǰŭڵۣЩεֵ˵ü, ߳һ, ۣѽŭſڵֺ룬бռصıһ㣬üܾ⸱ģԻʱģе
šü˼ȶһԣ, ǰͬ˵ˣ
һĲ鲻ԸŴѽ˻ȥվǰһҲ롣
Ҳûֺʣֵ𣿡
ֺף̧ӣЦź˵׮ϰ˵һ¡
׮£
΢ɲüңû˵ʲôֻԸȥֺȥֵ̧
ʼգ۶ߣҪʱҲѲ˹ȥ
ƫͷһۡ
ϺõһװԲߣһǸӹŵʲʱȴƣ·ߵĲˮ̯һյȻһյذֺǰû˵ʲôֻڰ׷ַ·Żһȴд֡
㣡
楿΢飬ֺǸǸֵңӡ˵ȴҲδʱָֻʣֵǰ˵׮£Ǻ£
ֺ뿴ǰİԲյΪղһ£мβˮ˳ŲĿһƣڶǸӢϡ
ֺΪ˴󷽣ҲˬڰԵÿƽʱĶǳֵܣǺܾòܹˣЩЦҡͷҲûȥָЦź˵һ¡žʵļ˵֮ǰȥݵʱһ̣ÿһ¶Ҫһ˺⣬պϰҪöֻͬ˵Ҹȥţط㣬ҲҪࡣ
ԵȷǼ£Ȼˣллֵҡ
áֺЦҡͷ
ٳҳȴѾ죬˵ĵڶ¡
˵͹
žͷ
ֺ뿴һֳۣ楿ȥڶ¡ָŲյ棬ͣһ˵ʵǼ˽£֪ĳɷϰ嵥˵
䣬ͳһɫΪѿһվϰԵȥʲô֪Լո極Ļû彣ֻܸȭͷ뷢첲ͱסˡ
楸ոΪֺĻݵʧһ񣬴ʱѻָһӵ۵ĸ첲ѹƢһ濴ֺЦ˵Цֵңҵܵܣûʲô¿Ա˵
ԭŭԣ㵵ش۽޿һߵ楡
Դڽ֮Уüᣬ󷽣˵Ц̣ȴҲһ۵ģע£ߵŮԼѲٷŭջ֣Ȼ˫ֽϣĿֺʣҲһ£ֵ˵˽Īǡף
ԭǻЦֺ⻰ʱѵһ¡
ֺͻȻЦ£ʮ־ζĹ¶һĨزסͣ極۾ҲκʱҪвյ׺˵ϰ壡
ǡ
ûأҽչȷϰס
˵ӦҸýף»ͬϰһȽϺá
Ҽ䲻Ȩ󣬵ھÿ׬ҲµլһֻһһСĵܵܣ׼ƿµһʮĶׯ԰ÿճҲ١
ϰϼңһвƲϰҲصĻһɣҼ޳ƽոҲҪڣϰԿɼ¥
ɽҲԶϰϺ͸ĸֿҲܰ˫׽ӵУðҵϰ˫ס
Ӣд˳Ͽң޾ϸҲ˵ʮ
ϲϿңոΪǷȥŭڵȢ楣˿žͱ楴ܶ࣬ţ۲ݣҪ
Ҫ죬Ůƺ֪Ҫʲôסĸ첲ѾִĻʮǿر˻ȥ
۲Ҳʵؿ楣Ҳֻǰ촽һֱߣȻ߷˻ȥ
楰۰סſֺ룬˵ʵֺױеʵҪ࣬ѰҲǲˣ޸һؿϱϵҲصպ󲻷¥ĸĸŽȥˣĵġ
޸ˡ
Ȼһһһ鰮Ҳྴͷ

ûԥûô˼˵΢΢ףǸǸֵҡ
ֺδ뵽楾ܾô죬һ֮˵ϰ岻ô𸴣֮ͬ˵Ҳż
ˡЦֵҵˣһԭûɻˣͲֵˡδԼⷬ˶ЦףֵҺܺãҲˣֵպضһżͷϣɡ
ֺĬؿ楡
ȷǸܲˡ
ܾҲֻ΢΢üͷδô򣬶ݵĳĬֺ̾˿˵˱ˡЩ£С˾ܾͺӶѿ
ʱǸӣЦź˵ϣϰ岻ҪΪҽⷬòʡ
ȻᡣüңĵЦݣԲƶֺ룬պвҪ鷳ֵء
Ǿͺá
ֺҲЦžյңңһԣһǰ¥ʱģյв裬ǣҪŵʱפͷϰ塣
ţ
楿۾𣬡ֵһ£
ֺ´һ˲ſڣȻϰΪλ뷨̣ĳϣϰһԸı뷨ˡ
˵㳯˱ȭ뿪
űºϣ楿ֺ뿪ķ򣬲δһ仰ϣ˹һڲվ㺰ȥţһʱţι
ͣ²ӣˣ˫Ŀ»յĹʣüʵʲôأ
㡪
ϣͷɬƣո˵ģǲģ
ţ
ƫͷľ䣿
ⱲûɻǾ䡣
Ǿ䡭ЦȻġ
ΪʲôüȻףšüʣ֮ǰǻͦϣ޸𣿡һֱΪҪͱΪݵԵʣ񲢲
⻰¡
ʵ̫Զˣǻһ²ԼǰŮʱԼûзЩ֮ǰȷ޸֮ģǻỹûв˵뷨֮ǿҲǴС÷һ𳤴󣬼ƷƢû˵Ҫĸϲ
ϣԴ鰮ֻΪԼǸ˰ˡ
ЦŻع񣬿̹ϵҴǰ޸֮㣬ҲΪϲֻΪҵǸ˰ˡ
楴ӲԼʵǸˡ
ʱܹ˼ʹתҲı߽⣬ĺȻҲ˸飬˺׵£ȴǺѵġ
֮ĸô˵ء
˵ǰ飬˵һϰߣΪС˶˵㳤Ҫ޸硱ö֮ҲĬ˵ȵԳȻҲ͵һ졣
ҪǼ޸֮㣬ӦûһӣĸףܶŮһ
ӣТš
ѡȴǹ̶ģǻˣҲˣǰȻ֮еѹҲֻѹһʱˡ
컹˵üңˣʱͰȥʡĸġ˵껹ˣ֪ϵһ򲻴Ҳ޸ģҲġ
ۡ
ˣһЩΪ˸֮˵ɲء˵žߵӺͷ͸˵װ
۳Ĭ߹ȥӹݹţָŷһǣȴû뿪ʼմƺ͸Ƶģ֪뵽ʲô΢ͻȻʵǻأ
㡭
Ҳû޸𣿡
ͷʰȻ֣϶һ٣ƵҲ˱仯


76 
С
極üĬ, ᱳŵΪͷԵʣʹϵıҲڸӰ֮С
ûͻгɻأ
ǰԼ, ϶ûе, ʹͻж, Ҳûа
ǻ, ֱ˷, ֵǷԷ, ֮ױܾ, ־ô, ;üȻ޸˭Ǽ, Ǿͼ޸аɡ
ǻҲҪȥƹŷΪĸ
ϾǻĸҲ, ТҪ, 󣬻͹˶ʮصס
ƫƫ˾
ӽ긮, ʱ䣬ǸҲ֮ɳ¹, ⳡ׿ЩҲֻڱĻ˵á
Ǹ˾ôװ׵ģТڽ, ںԺͨѾ߶ûеȢš
ȻĬԣȴеȨ, οÿ鷢ʱǺԥվǰ, ʹ˶ָҲɹ
Ķⳤġ
ʹڻǰ楲δϻУҲոյദ֮аϡ룬ûкЩ£Ӧǻᰮϻеġ
ʹֶԺѣȷԡ
ϧ
ϴδʲô
ԣ񡪰صļķ
ĵЩ»̲ס̾˿еЩ˼ɨ⣬ϵּæҲ㣬ˡº̧¶еƵδش۵ĻüۣǲƤˣȢϲģѲϲĹˣ
ҲûУ͵ϲĹҲԲ˵ڣЩĿ˵ڵ־ԲǷǸˡ
ƽըըأʱ˵Ů֮¾Ǳ㣬ʱŷ
ûоȥĻ¡˵δۣԹϷ˲ᣬҪ¡
ûҪˡ
ûǻỹҪӭͣȻв˶Ԥᣬ楻ֻ˳Ϧգò׹꣬ǺúûؼҺͼžۼհɡ
ĺҲҪ׼æôãͦ׵ġ
Լĩ˵ķֺҲҪԴ򵱳ǰˡͨ󣬵ûˣƽʱ·ҲǿͿģҶҲ伣ˡ

뵽׿ףǸ˵Ұģ伣Щɡ
ƻЩµʱ򣬸ո߳ŭȴֱóĬͷֱ촽ɵط˱ڡԵıϼ£ϵıǡ̹ȻݣСЩǰδ㣬ĻͻȻЩ˵ȥˣţԭվˡתȥ¥µʱ̷ӭ΢΢ףӡ
ϵͷʵĳȥŸ˭
ͺãȥ͵ġҲ֪˭ǰ̷ЦҰɣȥ
ã֪˭˵ž;ֱվڹ̨İȥ
ЦӭˣƼȴˡŲԾˣ뵽ҧסӣǿšĨӲЦݺү𣿡
ۿ̲סü
ȻƢԲãҲʱֻᷢڲϲϸⱩˣûְֵӵϣԸˣ͵긮ҡ
ٸҡ
š
ڣ뵽楸ղŵĽֳĬˡ
ʲôû˵ѯʡ
ûʲô
۳Ĭ죬ţͳȥ˵ǰƵĴˣʱŷγļûɰ
塣
Ϻõ壬ȴҲգ£ϣȻҲû˵䣬ưת뿪
Ŀ⡪е̷ῴʮΣˣǿ͸ʲôס㣬ۼ̷ҵʲôǣæ̷С㣬㿴⡭
û£ȥøҡ̷˵壬ֹ˻¥ûе۵楣ǵȥŵʱŽ
С۵壿楽˹Ŀ¶ɻ
ǡ̷ǰ·ͬ˵ˡ⡣
ˡüģͷáƱϡ˵ֶ£ĿڣˣСӻǮִţô嶼ָˣʮӵáס⣬Ҳ˱Ķ
̷ЦӦá
*
յŵʱʱˡ
Ϊ۵ҳߵˡ졪ҹ֪ǣŷģѴ򷢵ͷ˵Ķ˻ϡҹδ˯İڹñƣüġ
ʢˡյĲȰȻүѾҵˣͺ˲˯ᣬҹӣӶŲס̣
ϵͷЩƣ֪ˡ
Ҫүȥ˵𣿡ʢ
ƺзĨЦйĹң˵벻˵ں𣿡СҳߣĵĲУǸȴֻǡζָ˵̶ŮŮҲӺûϵƵġҲǸռ޸ɽǻˣУȴûУʱҲֻǵҪԻѰ˴
үǹˣʢֻЩǣүСûԹ࣬ͷܳԺ˯𣿡
ԣϵҲ¶Ĩɣˡᣬǿڣȥɣϲڼҹ꣬ȻҪǾǰɡɽǶҷûԹԸͷ˱Щȥ棬ҪҪȥꣿ
ʢӦ£ֵˡƣüȥЪϢ
ȵʱˡ
ůɫ͹ʣʢź˵׼񣬵ͷĴʱȲĶ٣βŵˡ֪ˣȥͲȥɡ
ֺ˷Ը¸Ҹ֣ǱҲ˵뵽λС極Ĺϵ´ֵˣϯ
Ѿ֪ǲٻˡ
Ϸ˵ģѾˡҪٰҲˣͽҹȡѾ߼ʱȼдű˵̾Ϣ

Ϧǰҹ
ɽիҲڵ˷ѧӡ
졪磬нˡȥðԼ󡪾齻իĶϰ壬ã˵Ļȥ㶫·ӵʱȴ۵Ӱ
Ȼͬס£Դͷ֮δ˵
⵹ûЩȡ
ΪǸǲĿĲݵģû뵽⼸ۡɨǰģճš˵áĬԵӡ
ж۵²ҲںҲֻɨˡ۱Ჽ뿪ˡɾջĿʱȴƼӰβ۽ӡ
ЩˡǵƦåﻹŹӡ
ΣüԭسˡᣬջŶ˹ȥ


77 
ۿʼδڸ
һǸŵ, ڽ긮в٣Ϊ˾֪, Ը˲书̴, ƽʱȥʲôطһ˸, ڴǰЩСǺ޵, Ҳʲô
ȴˡ
ڽ긮ͷ, һ, һ, Ľ¥Ĳ, صԷ, ȻƼۡ
˴ǰ۴ˣȻڽ¥ƼæӵסƼ, ѫ˼ҵĹһϲӹ, Ҳһϣƹ˵Ҳ֡ۼ۶һ߳ȥæСԶԶ, 㿴ʲôС˻ر֪ȥ̵, ֣ս긮Ƿ֪ҳ, Ȼǳʲô£Ƕ, Ǹûᣡ
һϼԻǮ˼Ʀåۣߵ˴ʱͷݺһ٣Ҳ֪˭ɵġ
¥С
Ķ˹ʱ, һ߻ȣһߵ˵ŻСûа
ǺôˣֻҪߵû˵ĵط϶УӿҲǸ߰˳ߵӢɴʱΪ˵ʱ˫Ŀҧݣûþͼ˼֮
ĴҪһЩûôţҲ˸Ĺâ·ڴõڿԵǳˡ
ڽ긮ҲѫҲ٣Ȳ۳ãûܴСͱڲϰᣬڽ긮ԶԶ۹̵ͷ뿪ȫҸԣû뵽۾Ȼ䵥ȭͷֱӰϣ°뱲ֻڴϣԺôţ
ĴԣҲͷ
ӸҲĻո뵽ͨƦå۵ľ
һûһµػδţҲһĨЦǰûʲôϵ˵ûʶǣʶΣոͨƦåĲǸͨСˣ˶ﶼϲ֣֮˽긮ǡ
׽ˡ
ʶƫƧΪ˲ǣȻᣬȴҲûˣɲʱҪ˹İͲǲԾˣʱһһݣæĲã˵һ䣬ȥҶ¡
Ȼͼ¥

¥
楺̷ڰĺͻȻűƿվ⣬ɤӺң
̷ᱻһͷƼǰ˿ɫЩá
極ֻüңĶһƣ˫ֽЦſˣǸƵģôˣ¥³ˣ
ǡҡҡͷոģ̫ܵһӻЩһ˵ǣүˣ
ոջЦ̵ˣʱЦݽϣɫҲ𽥱óĬȥ̷ʣϸ˵ô£
æѵ·˵һ⣬ʼλҴү£һ˳ԷʲôҲҺ˵ݣ˵¥ĿˣԷġүȥҲС˸ȥˡоЩԾŵ忿ȥ͵˵˵˵ƦåҸû˵Ӷ£ү
Ͱǰⷬ˵ˣ໹ڲסţҲ԰ס
һЦ˵ҲһŴû˵ߣ̷ͰҪʲôȴҲ󣬵ߵ⣬ȴȰָˣ楾һ¥߿ﴦϤӰ
ӣĴϡڵ΢ɫĺ촽΢΢𣬵֡
ʶǣ̷ЩԾ
һĿŶˣתͷԸų̿죬һȥӦӦ죬˵пˡԽʱȴԽ侲ϸָⲻϷӨӨ׹⣬һһµŷԶ÷Ƶ죬֮ǰȥԸ׼һûϹĲ˸ǡ
⡣
̷ȴǵĲӦ͵˾Ѿˣ뷨ǣתͷȥ

ͷܡ
עŵĶˣƽЦʱԵرƽ׽ˣǲЦʱ˫͸ʢѩˮƵģһŵ£վ̷ᶼЩ΢΢
㣬ȥͷϿӦʱѳˡ
š
極ͷǵСˣǿ϶ȥ
̷Ӧȥ

¥¡
Ķ˼С˵ѾһӣɳȥĵƦåҲѾȥˣġǸװסӣһĻģֶԹһɨĸо̲סһã
ỹʱ֣¥гԷĿ˲٣һ׷׻ͷ
ĴüһļұȲңʹоӴȴ˵߰ɣ֣½Ǿͺá
Ǹģʹ뿴۳ܣҲ֪µʱص긮õģŲᱻ˻ɡ
Ӻ޼ۣԣЩԥ治Ϣ
ֲҪҵıʱһȥõġĴЦ˵꣬һ٣ֿ˵֪ɸС˹ȥһͷɫһҲһ£
һҲǸӣæָ˸С˳ȥҪ˽˵ʱͻȻиöһʮ־Ĳ˹Ҫ߻һȣλҪˣ
ôһۣһư
һԾѣ˵رɰ۾ЦģǶصλһ²ˣλƷ
Ŷ
Щ죬ܿЦǶصģ˵ų¥п
֪¥ϰǸŮģ䲻֪ȴ˵ʮޣ¥в˶Ľòӿˣ̻ŮҲûôȤˣľ˵仹Ƕһݵ
ܴϰȻ˸Ͳˣ
ϰǰɴδ
ʲôݣȻϰ
ۼЩĿ¶ʼɣӸýǸӣĳţֵһŮϰۣ򣬶˵һģȴ·ܿһ㣬һ˵ˣҾǿɡ
ĴᵹҲûȰӡ
һҲΪһݶеĶȻӻҪһ뷨òߣȫΨһùҲǼɳ⣬˭֪ǵĵϸ
ӡ
λ¥Ůϰ϶Ǹ
Ĵһˣ񡭡ûߣ°˻ȥһĨѻȵЦݣҲͦΡ
ҲʶǣһᵹҲ޷¥Ůϰ徿ʲôģ
Ķ˴ʱһ極ע⣬ȻûвɳȥСڳȥʱ󻹸ˡ
һװģŲˣһ¥Ůϰǲǹỹ˵ԼĪֹһӣ¥ͻȻһѭȥһϰ塱кУƼһϤӰһĨ޾Цݳ
һɫĳ¶һǰɫı߽ǣͷᣬбһ֧䷢ʹֵĳҲݪŪݵĴҹ㡣
Ķ˼Ц̺˴кȴͻȻоһĨŵĿӵڵϣ΢죬Ŀګګؿ楳ԽԽ
ǼվǰüЦʣλӳԵú𣿡
ãáګګſڣϵıǲزסĻţģ¥Ůϰ徹Ȼ楣ʧߣۡ͵һĿⲻسĴϿȥ
ĴȻҲЩסˡ
֪ССʱˣҲ֪楻ɽ򣬵ôҲû뵽ǰ黭һȻܾ¥¾Ϊ飡
вɻղһϰ塱Լôʱһ졣

ҪոմϸЩͺˣ
ĴҲýȣӲû¶ŵģЦ֪СĲҵֵܸݷõģղɣǻ£´߶š
˵Ҫߡ
߽һѲ죬˽Ųһ٣楹ЮŶպѩһô۸ҵܵܣˣ


78 һ
Ҫƽ, ӺĴȻ죬ƫƫǽʱ򡭡Ϻͷôˣ˱ĸεû뵽󾹻ôһ䣡
-ô, ۸ҵܵ, ˣ
̶һ仰ĶֱͦļܹһĨĺ, , ֪ˣ
ɫ԰, , ҺҴǰߵý, ȻĴϸϤ, ˵ʵ, 楻֪ʱİ¹⣬ɰ롣
Ǹʱӿ極ļϵŮһ
ƽͷ黨ǲݣ˭һģ, ÿ, ˵仰̫
Ҳһ
楳ãֳúÿ, ˵黭ͨ۳ϯʲôᶼǰεͷ, Ⱳ˭Ȣ, Լۺ¡Ҫλ÷н׵˼, ֻ½긮̳Ҫ಻סԼ˼ˣǸ߸ߵΧǽܱǲˡ
ȴΪλӶٰĽŮˡ
ǡ
Ůʵ̫ˣ
һȺ˶ѫҲѧ, ҲΪģΪ۸ҵһѾߡ
˳һûʲôӣðԼҲû䵽ʲôã֪ؼҺݺݴ˼ʮӣΪǸѾߵĿధͲ˵Ϊʲô¡
ǻڼţ˵òԼŤϵٴĶϡ
뵽ûŮ˾
ǻΪοģ¶һˮģ˵û¡Ƽ極ƮƮóСǸѾϵ񻷣Ƶ˵¡
ǴǴοʼ֪Ů˸ʲôͻݵĽﻨȫһ䳬޵ʳ˻ģʵȫǺڵģҪǱϣҲܵƤ
Ϊô楾Ǵηˡ
۶϶ǰᣬҪǱ楶ϡǴƵв֮Ѻȥңüҷڴ˼µΣŵû˸
ֻǼ᲻ص£񡪡
˺ҵĵӰ
Ҫˣ
ôƫƫײأ
ŵƽյӢҲάֲȥҰһعͷǸ䣬Цȴ۵׵ŮӣŵС㣬ң
ͻȻָĴϣǿΪԼͨƦåȥ۵ģңֻǸһ£ԣԣҾǸһ£
ĴϿһģҪᷢӣһһס
Ĵ
Ȼ֪ӲҲʵû뵽˾ܴ˻ʲôû˵ԼͰͰͰ֤ݶ˹ȥô͸ˣ
ںˣҲ˵ֻһ򽻺õҲҪάϵȥˡ
ƫǸӣڹƸҪѹˣĴﰵޣȴڲŷӣܿ죬ͷƾǰı㣬Ҳ벻һ÷ӣֻܽɫվԭء
Ҳû뵽ᷢչ⸱ģ
ԭĴȫûϣǰ˹ҧģѵóĬһᣬҪʲôطͼ̷С˹ˡ
̷΢΢˵㣬ҵˡ
һæʣģ
ھˮֵð˳Ƕţİ˵Ǳ˲٣ǵÿЩ˹ȥǵó¡
̷ǰδȥȻҲһۣлУҲתˡ
¡֣Źһĵ۾ʱ׳ȥ۾䶢ǰˣĴϳĬӣŴû˵ȴҿ۾ȵֶ΢΢
ߣ
ڣǴȥ
˸ȥӦ֪ԣ߹楿˿ڡ
Ҳûܾ˵˸ллӦ硣ֵ˵ݣһ䣬ͷӦȰ˹Ѻ
ġ
ӦЦű֤֤ȷ䣬ˣҲ϶˽ᡣ
֪λִ˶Ǹ֮ҲǻηҵηҲν˶۸ͷˣ˵һ򻤶ӵˣֻɽҲˣϾصľӡ
ʹѪԵãۣǴ
ˣ
ƶֻϢ긮Ͷȥ
ᵣ۵İΣҲûٵ飬̷һ䡰տȻһȺǸСӡȥ
Ҵߺ
Ӧͷζؿǰλѫӡ
뵽ոյ˵Ǿ䡰ԭҪˣ˵ϰ˳Եģ˱û뿪ﰵһһǻãΪŮ˶⣬һ־極ĻֶǲҲ֪ɵСԺԲԵҪһ𣬾ͻľګӣǱ楳Եģ
뵽ƽǸ侲Գֵģ˺ƭŲ֪ģӦĪЩЦ´Ѻš
Ǹң
楣û취ˣ죬Ҹ֣õҪԼ߹ͷ­ҪһԼͱͷǸһɫΣ嵶ΪӢ˰ס
˿ûʲôȴ۵ӽлſ֪˭ٲſԺôʰ
ӦͱҪ࣬ʮ˳øߴͦΣָ˵ļЦи㿴ҸҲң˵һֱӰǰһƣַԸѺţ
ǣ
ಶһӵϣֱĶˡ
ɴ󳳴£ĴȻҪûĬƲһӦͣû˵
ܿ졣
Ӧ;һ˺̷뿪ˣ¥ĿҲڻع
ΪһޡʲôŮɾĹ£û뵽Ȼ춼ˣһȺ۷׷ף楳̷ῴʾǸ⣬λòͣʵڱǸѾͻ˵ˣͷλʱۿۡ
һ⻰Ҳ˲÷ʲô׷׵û¡ѿһϷԷŻݣȻգ
̷Ц˵˼䣬͵ˮ뿪¥ǻͻ˵ңû뵽̶̼µĹ⾰Ҳܶһˡ

ʱľˮ֡
ȴôš
ۺͻһӣűʮѾصĵƦåȺåڵ۵ðϰϽлţޱȵĺڣҪ֪ǴҲһ
ͷĵƦåġ
ղųͣϰĹҲģڻеĽűߣһ溰ۣһ滹ǾЩš
Ⱥ˴ҽˣûʧֹ
ոտһˣü˶ǽϣȻַǰ۽ӾֱӰ۵ͷϣķԸʼȭߵʱ˾ͳˡ
ĴװõƷӣ·Ҳǲ졣
ǻֻ·һһ߳͹Զ㡣
û뵽˲ûüǣȻ̾˿ĶʮϸطڵϾͳˡǻ˼ֱǸɵӣ·ȥߣǵŹش

ԼǴף
ϣֱһţ۵ֽл
дӿʼһֱû˵ᵭɨһĲ԰׵ƸոһߵҪſ˿ڣŴɡ
ߣ
۳һЩҶңǻˣ
ոջл˼ᱳʹǻѪҲ۵ʹҲ֪Լڵ϶ÿһ뵽Ҫȥ楣͸ˣûվֺݺһš
Ҫߵµʱ򱻻ˡ
ʲôüΪָֻܶˡ
Ǹģ˸ոմʱһ㣬ʱƽǸ侲ԳֵģἴʹŹӣضǡ˻Ҳ治ɫЩĵƦåûգܺǽⱨǣ˭ָʹ¡
һݣԭҪ߳ȥĽƬ̺˻
Ȼûôõı㣬ҲɵӣԸСආץĻףץһƬ𺣬ǣ
ֳĿһۡ
ҪĵطݺһţɢһЩйڵϣȻһһ߳пȥ˵ʵл֣Ǵӡ
Ȼ֪˲Ʊ濴ôҲû뵽ôܴ
ҡ
ңЩŤ³һ䡣
ôӶǰ͡ϲ楡³Цһһñѹû뵽˽վȻǰӰ
һʱЩ֪˵ʲô
˵л
˵ڣϾˣʵڿߡ
ҪǰƵĶ䳰ȷֺЩûʲôƧͷһպͷꡣ
ȴֻǵƳһۣδľᣬһ£ˡȻ۵İΣˣҲûҪˣ֮£Լǡ
ҪйӵǰһŲ
ң⣬ҸովǿǽߣŻɫްİ˳Լһڲ߽
ߵýŲҴңɿԶĻȴ׷ͣ˽Ų¶һģ
УһŹӣһƸ֪ʲô̧ԶȥȻƼһŴɫŮ΢
žડ
ϹͻȻɿ˵ϣƵ죬ƫƫĽűǡһˣ˵СϣʱƧɱ
ҲڴԼлع
ŲԶǿĳˣȣΪ֪ͷֵ߬ģͻȻЦһ⡭û뵽ء


79 
楹һڲȻҲû뵽ôһ, ǳĬãͷһſ楣ϰ, ȰǴȥ
極ͷ, ƫͷ, ҪҴ˹ȥ𣿡
˵ۡ
˵, ȻҪһ˵, οô, ǲҲǸ, ֪楺Ӧͽ, λСӵԵ˺۱ЦȲ, ϰȴӺͻȥ˿ڰɣ֮Ҫͷϵġ
Ӧһ, ۼǰЩƦåѺ, ֻð˳Ȼȥ׼ŲỺسվԭصȥ
, һͷһ֪룬һֱ˫, ȫովʮƦå
ϵĹӣ, ˣЦЦͦ
û˵, ȴԽ޴۰ȥű˵, һ߱߶¶ôˣ
ôɤģҲּһֱԼû˵֪ˣƽ㲻Ҫܣô
ֲ£ۺܲˣ鶼ûֲͬԸ죬ӹĵø߸ߵģĬغ楶һᣬԼȺһƲͷͷˮţƵһԴŴ
дˡҲˡ
楿ˣοøĮĿӡ
мԽûֳˣѵð˵һ䣬εȷ£Щصġ
ƳһۣûвԾʣĻ˻ȥʱǵòУһ·Сܹģ·ϵʱ㻹һΣɿʼĵƼƽʱѾɢı޾ĻȻ֪β£ǰĶȺô˴
λûֳʲô£Ҫֳأ
в˵ãһ˵ֱӰìͷ׼˫ֻأһûأʲôʱҲѧˣ
²ȥˣԼŴ򣬻УҲͦѽ
ʹӮˣﲢδжɣֻǼûʲôֵĵƦåҪʲô֣˶⡣
뵽⡣
͸ˡ
бһ˵ողȴˣſͣ˵ʱܴӮģǸʱҲݲǺܶ࡭ɿ˫ۣһ仰˵ˡ
ֻܴͷ˵ҡԺ󲻻ˡ
ԵòС
ۿ⸱־ոЩåʱȲ棬ƵģʱҲһ̰ģΪж

Ǳһ˵ȣ
лԱȣ۾Լոձôһ˵Ҳûʲôˣֲֻһ˶
ˡ
Ҫи缸䣬楹ƻ䳰ȷȥػƫƫòУôﶼºͺ͵ģһʵ˵ȥˡ
û¶ǡ
۾Ͳÿˣ֪ˣ˸࣬пŵǻãǲ֪ЩåûˣУרĵط
мϷǣĨ£һĨº͵Цҡҡͷûˡ
ûУ
楻Щɡ
ɫЦû
ˣҲûٶ˵һۣûˣȻؼҰɡ
á
ӦһЩ΢ҵ°ڣǰߣ˼ԭУɨɨͷĻҳڻǰ棬ûƼʱһĲҰס
ȴû
;ȸոջеǾ䡰ûС
ȻӮ˵Է˶࣬ҲûٳԿʼһжʱǰ˺öŴһ򣬾źЩ
ˣҲ˺ݺùӴǻԶһѹֵƺߡ
ԭŻǰĻشΪԼոˣһ¸ûôء
񡪡
Ũü壬ŻһĲҰɫʵڲʲô
ϲ
ʱ򣬾ûҲ˵Լ˰ˡۿͦ忡ˣһ¶ŨŨĲ⡣

ˡ
ȻôԼȥǻȥǰʱ֣ûлˣֻмС̷֣ƺСӶڣС׽Բء
ǻ̷ƺС̸㣬磡
硣
һƺСøᣬҲ̲סɪ¡
۶ⷬһҲûϣưԹߡ
ЦźǴ˸кţȻŻᲽȥ·šü˵ͷòˣҸ͹Сۺһԡ
ǰҹﶼǺһȥŵġ
á
û
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ⷬһʱҲ˲ȥʻе˿ˣƲƲ죬Щ˵ؿУ㻹СأܸСͷƵġ
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º͵Ŀ⿴ţûޣֻƫͷȥһ֪ˣԺ󡭡ơ˵ʱԼҲЩΣʵСִ̫ʱ̲ס
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񡭡
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ҡ
е͵ӦһִСƿһûû뿴Ŵѹǹʹг߹ȥ˵ٵ㣬Ҳԡ
뵹Ҳûʲôɵ˵ͷӹеУЦȥϴɡ
á


80 
аҩ뿪ˡ
ڴ, 򿪻ѪҩУӳµɫǲÿСĴָһҩ, ѻû, Ҳſڵķ, ü, 㿴ʲô·ˣ
Żع, һջĿ, һаԼһǸԼ˵, ָﵣ
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ﹾһ, Ŷͽڴϡ
ļͷͱɫٺۡ
楿Щۼ, ָ͵һˮҲ˲ѩ׵, 촽Ҳ, û˵ԸСҩЩ˴ͿʶѾŵú, ۻ۵ýл
, ۣɰʱҲûлһȴϰϺͣ
, ȴûס֪ˣܵʱôû뵽˵, ɶǷࡣ
һۣ᲻ᣬֱ治, ⻰˵ˣβ£Ⱥȹҵģ

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ҪСү֪˭ָʹǵģСүҲŪǣڴϸոպò˵
ž
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һĬһȰһҲ֪˵ʲôȻſص˴ϣԭΪҪһٷ˵ĥû뵽ԼϵĶøëƵģɣոǿŭɢˣ°ʹ˫ϣҲࡣ
楰ҩͿĨһ飬ٺ۴ôѪţ֪ӺĴ˺ı㡣
ʲô
һβŷӦĴŭԭ⣬˵Һö˶˵Ҳû˭ҡû˵ͼ楸߸̧İƣҪٿھҪļӸС
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˵꣬ͻȻԭԼű˻ȥҲÿ£۲ôˣתͷƼһųˮһ鶼ûУģһǰ楡
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⼸յദһͬ楣楻ͬҲóԵġǴǰӵй׽
о׽һ٣˵ĹϵָֻɴǰǸģּʹӵȹ̵ѪҲԵĿ¡

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ǣǻشֻǰ˶࣬Ұˣμ䵥ȻŹᡣ۾ԼҪ˵϶ֻ򴽿û˵
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楿Ӧ֪СģǡԴĬһᣬΪ书ǿ𣿡
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極ͷʣҴǰô''ΪҺ˵᣿
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ƺͨʲôɬ㽻Ϊݡ
ԲŻỻ֮ͻ̬ȡ
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֮ǰӺ˵˼䣬أ
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⻹㡣Ѹոջ͹ҩеݸУ졭лˡ
һκ˵л˵÷ǳϤʮΣҧԺʲôҪ͸˵ֻҪҿ϶㣬Ҫǡ˵Ҫûҽ͸Сĵ㡣
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лҪ˵ϲ˴ɲ߷Сӽ1/2
ܵܣû뵽ҾȻһĬᣩ磬ԲҲģ
֮ǰн˵һڵܵܿ϶߷ǡ
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ܵվǵܵܣ
ܵܣҪˣװͰͣ


81 һ
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ûӡ
ɫѿػָԷ, һԷͷϹڵӡҴǰڽ긮ϵ, ļҵŮҲĴϵĽ缸޵ңӵĴɩһСŮ޸Ĵ, ˺棬Ҳˡ
һǳͷ, £˱ļҪ, ĴڼвܳģҲֲҪȴǸ, һģֻЩȢŮԼڼеĵλ
С㣬ȥ𣿡ͷ
ЦЦ, ˡ
ǹҧɣ̩Ȼⶼֲʲôã˵˽긮аԼһӵɽء
ɿų֣סͷΣ˻߰ɣؼҡ
ȥ׼Ķء

صˣ칫ʮֺãƽʱǰ䣬ůģ̫Ҳͷ߸߹ţ楽նûǾЩȣſһЩˡСкָһߡ
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ձʯժϴ߲ˡ
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ԸӹЦӯӯСԼдģ
ţ
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Ȼ֪еֺÿǰǧһףٴʣȻĲ˾ޣһָӡڼ˽ء
Ÿ̧֣Զȥ
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ڵؿȥ
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˵Цۺ롣
һĲɳڵĺѧȻˣ͵ˡ
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⸾ˡ
ڽҴЩСǰɨصģĸһӣֻһŲյģƽϡ
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Ŷ
ЩسǱ߿һۣƺû뵽ȻҲдû뵽Ŷ̶̰ʱ䣬ǰ۾͸èСƣ񶼻Ằ˸ˡ
Сı˰ЩпͿο
۱һ죬ʲôҵֲ󣡡˵żͷȥеĴ
楿һۣЦҡҡͷҲûܾӦһáӹëʸҪдԻеѵСӡ
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ҿء˵Űһڣ˱ʿʼдǰڹʱİ˵С鶯ùŮϲ޸֮Ͳϲˣ顢鶼дԼҲֲĸ·ӡ
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Ҳÿ
۸괺͸Լ˿佱ƵüңֱߵǽһɷɻûߵԾһ䣬֡
ü֣ôСеô񣿡
ЦϣɫѿŲӿһۣһСѿˡ
ǣ
ҲЩ죬һ楣ҲЩ㵵ģ˵õһ

ÿ˵ķǲͬдȻҲͬͬһдҲвͬ簢楺Сģټ
Ҳû룬ЦдðѼĴҲˣ㣬ЩС긣ࡣ
ȻûӦã࿴һۣҲѻعˣջĿ⣬ʿʼд֡
дֵʱ楾ƫͷ
ǵ˵û֣ŸַһԱȣֳͬһֵ֮ĸо°ͣҲȫȻġ
ҪƮ࣬ŵķƣûʲôغе־ҪȴһЩҲ
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̷һԿǣֶÿ־͸ëëƵģһʱǾɥǼһȭͷֹԺ϶Ҳдôÿ
˵꣬ͷϾͱһ¡

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۸ı̬ȣҲû֮ǰôˣ첻ˣҡ
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ҲһԹɵȥϢɣҺͲĸһ׼
Ҳû֣Ŀ˽ߵԺ̷ԽӻԲõԲĴ𸴣ûк۰ѸղдֵʰɾԼȥŴ׷ۺϣ̫ãԺԲԡ
Բ򵥣֡
̷ʲô볢ԣȻԸ¡
ʲôҪģаѶĶü䣬Ҳ߹楡
һӣָɵ֥鵷顣
áߵһԿʼ֥飬˫޳֣ƽдݪŪݣľƵ֥Ҳֺ죬ǰ谲ǹϦ龰ҲǸʹһ仰˵Ҳܰ
ҲҪ
۵極˼̧ͷŵ˫ֻأһܲ©ģ
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ôԲ϶Բꡣ
楱̷˵ЩƽúõЩѣ˵Լġ
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˭ܵܰ۹һ䣬ᣬζȴҲزס
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˭Դˣ겻Լ˼ҴŸ첲һֲСӣܳĴף
ЦȰ꿴öĹıͷЦˣͷҹԡ
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С³ⱦĸˣͷϴĽչ·˼۾վԭأİֻĸǺηʥ
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۵ĳֵǸƽʱĨκͲʣûصһۣܲ𣿡һƬɫòУ۾һƬ裬ҧгݣҿǿӹþˣȻҶ֣
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Ҫ
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á
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ϺͻȻЩ֪ѹʲôֻǴؿ˵ẰһŻع񣬡á


82 
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ϲһ, ûź, ûϰæ, Ļ, û˳楡
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лġ
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أԸп, ҲЩ磬βЦ⻹Ե֡
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ĶһʼͲ̰
ֻЩٰˡ
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ʮҵС㣬ֵʮĹټ̫̫ǵЩˣйʲôŴ룬ȴһձĸо
ĲһھͷˣϿĸ˵ҼСӲ뿪ֻ߶˼ˡ
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Աֲ֪˵ʲôˣƽҲǸˣЩټ̫̫˽ֵҲɽգȻû˼Ȼ۲ϻȥҲͲٴˣ˵ճϦҼлвȥȻȥˡ
˵űվ
ĸû뵽ôҪߣּһ˵꣬˰һѶæҪȴһҲĸ˵ʲôȥ
Ҳ⸱ģһæϳȥ
⡪ĸ׷ȥһѣҿˣЩѰĶ°ɣҹЩҲҪȥһ׼Щͺá
Ҳֻˡ
ĸϵıӰƫͷ˵ȥ
á
極ͷۺϵĲߣߵò죬˵ͣҲϿԼҲΣվ⿴ϵۡ
ǰĻ棬ĻʼɾһƬ⡣
ȴûԵĸо
翴յƣһѰ
ҲˣŨܵĽëͻȻ΢΢һϥϵɿֽգǺ˵
Ŷ۵ͷȥ楡
û뵽ϻẰԼҲû˵ʲô΢΢׺㳯ȥվԣɫ糣ôˣ
Լ˹ģɿϤֲ֪˵ʲôˣΣ˵ϴȥ£Ѿ֪ˣǱҲѾˣԺһúù鷳ġ
ЩС˼楻治Լ鷳ʡǺõġ
ͷ֪ˡϣ𣿡
ϿС
ţ極˰ҲûȵĻش𣬸ȴһǰ£ҡܱǸ
ϳָȭʵ໰˵˵û㣬˵СʱʱҲȥ͵͵㣬˵Ҳúñúð㡣
ǡ
ıЩĳڱΣǱ޵ѹţôȥ
ÿİһ֣Ҳһ֣
ֻҪ뵽Լ̥ʮµʱĽɷںͱŮ⣬뵽һʼĻһ׮ªĻԣͺ޵ɱˣÿο楣ǿ޴Լ˵ЩʲôãϷ˵ģЩ·˾Ƿˣȥֲõġ
ˮգƾԲ
ָ׽ץϥϵ·ƽѴʱץ岻
Ůϵ磬ѹͷе⣬˵һ㣬úչԼСͳһݸʮ֡
Ц˵ۿȴԾ楣˵ϣԶ֡

ѾԶȥ
ۿŵĺѵóĬû˵
ԶԶлʱȻ鲻Խ˿̷Сƣȥӡ˵̷ƾ뿪ֻ»к楶ˡ
δ楴кƼϽһˮ
ͻȻһ飬Ǳֺݺݾ̴࣬󲽳Ǳȥֻȥһԭأ̧Ҳһ󣬽߬š
֪極ĽҲҪʲôοĻ
ԣӵһůӵһʲô˵ȴܹůӵϧֻҹȡ͵ҹУҵƻδ
û޵ġҹУŮ૰һ޴Ѱȷû޵ģΪ¶
ǰҲΪ¶ޡ
ǿˡ
಻٣ֻһᡣ
룬ʱίĵƽʱȥȻల£ǲСĴᡣ
Կ޵ġпһ˵
һ٣֪ǱһĻο˻ǾúЦͻȻЦ
Ц⻹δʼֵͷѩ׵ڵҹɫ˸ӨӨ׹⣬лˮ⣬ЦȴҲǰˣĬעˣͷǲգʱ򣬲֪ΪʲôЩ굽֪ô㷢龹ͻȻƽأԿһᣬЦУˣˡ
˵תȹǱġ
ȴûߣƫͷУڵ
áӦһߣ˲ȥҵƻ


83 һ
ȵ̷, ϦҲ׼òˡ
ٷȫĸƳΪ˶࣬صûк۰ԴЩԲü, ʱľϷ÷˿⡢Ϻʨͷ, ְ˿ϳϺʡ峴СˡĢ, мСϲԵʳ, ʲôӻиԼˡ
Ͷ⡢ⶳ⡣
Щ˶Щʱ׼õ, ڶտԷźܾ, Ҿõ˼û취ٶٳȺ, ǰ׼ڳ, ƽʱп, Щдĸһζرζ, 䶳Ⱥ׷һ, һ㻯֭ˮ·
ʱӳ£Щ, һ㡣
мһ㣬״мͷ, зͷߣȸ, ˴н⣬СгƬ״ÿΪ׺һȥʳָ󶯡
˵ų, ĸһ֭ڷţ̵죬һ»
˺, ˣ԰ɡĸһ˰ںãЦŽΧ˳ֽӹһԣȻߡ
Сࡣ
ĸߣ̷ܣŻкۣ߸Χһͷǽҹĺ磬ХĴľн̿Ŵյů紺ա
һˣܾЩ˵楣ȥѳľһ̳
ֺȾƣ楻û˵ߵĸȿ˿ڣüʮֲãǾ¶ǾˣģɱСǿЦ
޵һ˵ЩȣѹɤǴʮһ죬ѵüô֣Һһ¡
ǰŵڶյȥիĸ˵ҲξƲմòװ꣬ûʲô£ȻЩˡ
ĸü˵ЦŰһ䣬õһɣǺ˱Щ˯Ҳûʲô¡һСԵģ˶ء
̷ҲЦǰĸòһЩɡ
СǶô˵ˣĸҲټ֣ͷһ䣬СģǾҵúܣͷĶˡ
ЦӦãҪб㿪˿ڣҺһȥ
Сղ÷Ҳˣͷųţȷһ룬ʳ塣
ߡ
˸˵Żδ˵뿪һ£ֻۿ뿪ӰЩζƲƲ죬ܿͱ̷ƴ˼
̷߬ӣͷʣС۸磬ǳ극ȥ̻𣿡С۾ģϣͿ
̻ǮһļҾ˵ˣټ
ӡеһο̻ǺЩǰԪڣŽ͵ȥ棬׺ŸʽĻƣĿϾӣͻȻͷ顱һ׵ΪɽˣȫȻĽֵôɽŶ㵽ϣȻڵʳһܺÿĻ
ɫת˲š
Цָգ˵Ǿ̻
ǰ˵żÿ궼̻̫ԶƲżҵ̻ܹ飬Ƕڱ﷢ֳơ
û뵽ԭ̻Ȼôÿ
š
ջĿ̷ƵϣһǸͷģ˴ͷŶ·Ẉ̷̂˫ſ۾ǵ˵ͷղǶ𣿻ͷ극ȥš
ð
С̷Цơ

С˵ǽȥ̻ˣͷҲ¡
վԣɫΪߵķ磬һһ㣬࣬Ҫ𣿡
Ҫ
楺ЦС⣬ǴСȥžǡ
ԣͻȻ죬˵һ䣬ҲʮҲС
С
¶һĨ㵣ԼûԼССӿֿʲôʲôӵйʱ⡣
ƫͷУ㲻֪ʮѾԳ׼𣿡
ٿЩģСˡ
ѾСˣߵ⻰ȴ֪뵽ʲôɫͻȻò԰
ôˣ楿¡
׸ոջúõˣôͻȻͱˡ
û¡дѻ۽ޣסĹâ˵߰ɣǶڵǡ
û£楻üЩģܾûеֵֹġ
û
̧¶˸ܵЦʾԼû¡
楿һᣬȻǲ˵û£в϶˵ҲʣͷᡰŶһ˽˺ȴӳҪľƽУߵһ԰Ѿõ÷ɴȥһţ˼ʡûͷ˵ٵ㣬һ꣬ŸŻлü䡣
ȥʱ򣬴һڵǣûԷǽȥˣ
ӹ̳ƣЦ۾̲סĸ⸱ģ䣬ͼȸһѾơ
ɫľˮڰɫľһһΣӳڷ⣬ĸ΢㶣δ˵ЦһѾƣ㣬ˡ
Ƕ˵ˣοǵôһ䡰ࡱ˿Ψһܱ¶Ļˡ
ĸȴЩۿȡ
̷ƻһЦĸã
ƽʱܸɵĸ˴ʱԺһӹһڣⷢһֱЦ̲סľȥ
ЦŰһԼҲһѣ͸ʲôɼƵģССš
Ƚ˲СǣҲ㣿
Ƽ̷۾ؿЦСƲܺȣ㻹С

̷ƾɥرͣҲûǿ
ǲϲȻƾƵģƽձǺҲǺȹ࣬ƾƵζ̫Ҳ̫Ũһܲˣ̷͸˵ˣһξƲմһֻǳŲˡ
Լ
ǰľ̳ȴǸԼȸеһѡ
˿һ
еûжķӦֻ̧ۣеƣĬѣ۸ԼҲһѣһˣȻָеһѡ׵̷ҲԾˡ
С۸磬иƴ𣿡
Сӱ˵һ䣬ȻƵؿŻУι𣿡
лǸĬģȴע£ֺȾһѾơ
⡭
ĸüҪֻСУ϶ֱӿˣƫƫиۣЩ֪˵ʲôֻĸ첲㻹Ȱ¡
ںȾƣƼ⸱棬ЦĺӣȾͺ£Соܺãġ
һ仰ǰԭҪ³Ļںڡ
оܺã˵
߾ǻ룬ҲЦǰܺõģ֮ǰиøȢŸȥƣ˶ûƴȢޣøȥ
˵Цӯӯ˵һЩ£˽һЩ
ȴûԭɫžƵĻЦʱɫ͵һ䣬ǲʲôӲŲǱ߿ƼŮҲڿ
ĻŵĻУʱЩղסеľѡ


84 


楳극ͽ˳, ׼Ѿոշϣ˼ѻƾ, Ѿòʡ, һŲ, һߵͷ֪ʲô
, ӽ, Ѿ׼ѾĲ, ˵, ѾطЪϢ, Ხĸչ
á
Ӧһ, ͻȻһû°ɣ
û¡ֻĸ, ̲ס͵͵, Ǹղһ̳ӾƶˣҲаġ
𣿡δԣгƤĶȴһЩ, ôĳϴװˡ
˵Ƶô, ʲôʲôһһô˳һ뵽Ǵװƭ, 浣Ļк, ĵòС
ΪʲôҪװƭأ
ԼµһЩ־ò, ȴչʵ㣬ʲô
ʲô
楴£ʲôʲô
Ҳû뵽ӦᰡһһʱֶԸ̵ٶȸеһʱΪԼƾϲԥô죬ȴִһŲ
ͷ۴˽
Ϊһˣû뵽Ȼи룬΢΢ŨüҲͣ档
뿴лҪ˵æȳȥҲ΢΢˿Ҳ֪˵ʲôȥ͸ͨøи׼
ĴҴ뿪ֻܿʣ楽ܣԭ˵Ƿ۱˼ôˣ
һߡ
ŶҲùջĿ⣬һųƤһ߼Щҵ˼װиҪ͸ûװ£Ҳʲô
ƫƫǰ·¶űˡ
ȥװԭǵװǰǸһӱŤһԿηҪԶģ¥ˣҲ˱ˣ壬ˣֱ֮˴ǰǸģûԶ
ꡱ
Ƥе߰㣬пģȫƽյĹףɼ˼ҵȻ۱ңûƼͷżĥŵأһһµĦУ㡣
š
ٴƺȻѾû֮ǰôˣռ˼Ļǻоôˣ
Ǹ۾֮ǰ˵δ¡
žડһ楷еĲ˵üʲô
⸱飬۸ˣµͷ֮ǰʻϲϲ㣬˵ϲҾ;ôϲ㣬Ȼ˵˱¡
ñǸľͷ
˭뵽ǿľͷһоûУվء
ԭҲ˵ģⲻͻȻ˲˵ͷŮӲ˻ٶٷԷοž¥Ҫǡ⼸Ǹľͷദ£ҲһǴֲҲãȻųĬԣ˺С̬ȶº͡
һš
·˶кɼľͷԵҲ
Ȼᣬһ·ȥشһ˵ϲ̻Ǯ۶ûգ

ۺһȻȲϱ磬Ҳ㲻ɡ
ҿľͷϲϲܾˣȻҲʲôԵû˵ԼŰɡһͨ˵굹ǾԼ˺ܶ࣬˵ģ˵ģ˵ˣںʲôҲùˡ
ҪǸľͷһֹ
治ˡ
Ժ
ͦõģ˵˰Ҳû極Ļش𣬲šü̧ͷȻƼһٵüĴݡ
㣿̧ǰ˻ӣ΢йâ¾£üôˣ
ո˵ְ̨ϣЩƣϲң

԰
ګګͷⲻͦԵ𣿡
ԡ
ÿοʱøʲôƵġҪУҲû뵽˱ֵܱزһһǷʮֻҪ֣̾ͻů磬˵СģŶء
ǸȾˮһһһɫ
ò㲻࣬ϳʱȼգЩڲڵеѾЩ谵ˣ˵楻ҲֻﻹδϨĲճɫĹâͶϡ
۽ޣŨܵĽëѩ׵ͶһƬ裬ƲеĹâ
۵ĻҲͻһϵ¡
ʱ򣬻б˵ˣߵýЩʲôƵģʲôܾ˵Ҳģö֮ʼºͣҲʼƽ׽ˣٺԽԽϰ̬ȣûʲôԾ
ι
ۼֲ˵ɹӣʲô
ûʲôڴԼЩ˼гˣ˫ֳ̨ϣۣҲ˵ǸʲôҪ˵ңҲңЩյģͺһ֪̫£ͷԿհ
Щ˼顣
Ȼϲ
ȳȥɣ㲻ҪСƷ̻𣿡̷ͷУڣȥɡ
Ŷ
ûʲôԾȳȥˡ˵һͷߡ
С۸磬㣬ȷűڣٷ̷̻ƿӡ
Ϊʲô
öҪ󰡣̷Ц˵㻹ûأ˷Ų֣
С淳ô˵ҲûԣԶԶվԺɫصĻҽܲƲƲ죬һ
ͷнԶֳĬشվһᣬżѾĲϣƤ˲Ρ׶ޢһӦ׼úˮˮںѶ˽ȥ
ոպϹǣͻȻһŲ
ǱʵԣȴһӾͲ׽ˣַڹһʱջأȵѬ̵֣̲סһ
ôˣ
ԭŲԥòſϽһ̳˹ʳָͨ죬üַŽһԵˮ
յˮúܣƽϴ붼Ҫˮ͵رˮһջֵǸȴǿŲ뿪
ȳҩȻͷܡвزסĵǡ
楱ûѡ
Ϊ˴˿úܽİȫ룬תͷܿ٣ͦıǽ糺ɫ֪ɫޣڳǾв˿μǧĹкøУʹĻлֻһƶɣѾľߺķˡ
˿ſŽţĽš
ղŰããյͻȻǳ۲ݣһ㣬һ㣬ԶϮܿͿķ۲ݳѿɫĻܿĵСƻ
極ͻȻúƽƽ̹ȻˣС

ôˣûע֣鵣ǡ
楼ƫͷĶڻеϣµüңЦûʲôҪ˵𣿡


85 
Ļڶߡ
Ų, ɫ͵һ䣬ǿƣǱ޴, ɫؿǰ, òС
վ, ָľ, ƫܴԷ, , , ʱ˴, ⸱, ׼ΪǱһ
еһһףǾ, ּǹֻǰѬ, ֻܵͷİ͵ң, ǵñó, һᡣ
˵꣬ȥ, ͷ, ҲֳһƬͨ졣
Լִˮ˳΢΢´ָ࣬Ǵˮڲסµ, δδ𣬺ܿʪһĵ档
ɻȻδ죬Դķӡ
Ȼ֪ҪʲôոշǷױ¶Ѿĵһˡ
µ˵˵Ҳ˵֮ǰĻ񣬿Ƶ¡ô˵ǳϵĻĴϻǾҪ˼ˣˣǣǲ֮Ѷûˡ
нųüĵͻȻһֻźͰûڣûڵΪҪΪһ׽ƭ
Ȼ
˻ǲѡ
ϵĻҪԶ𴩣ֻøĻȥԲҲƭˡ˫ֽȭһʪŵ֣ͷøˡ
楸ʶô꣬⸱ģͲµʲôˡ
վԭȴûĻַˮҲܲһϸϸԼָϾüҿǰͷˡ
һﻹʲô׵ġ
ȻЩȺͲ˼飬Ҳûоôĵˣһ˿Լû뵽ĻϲǲСҰݻչԼӣǸĴˣһ㶼ĸԼò
ŻУҡҷУЦʣô˵
ҡԵͷɬĴò˵ƭ㡣
ţ
ʣƭʲô
֪ǹģлǼͷ˵죬ʵûкңƭ㣬Ǹ̶ַ̼·ľеǰۺʱͦε˴ʱЩ˵һǰܡ
һգһɿͨͨҲ·š
һΪʲôôشأʵʵ˵ҲûˡѾܹ뵽Ǹشʱľˣް취
Ϊʲô
Ȼˡ
ȴ·ֳưͣٳٲڣ΢΢ʹɫҲ׻Ϊ԰ףʹҪ˵Ҳϣٸһ㵥ദĻᣬҲ˽òˣǾҪΪİ·ˡ
ԺҲܺ׽ˡ
ĲˣҲæ·ϣٿ
ͷ۴̷ڷűڣʱʱ˵ĻЦеȴøӻ谵ˣҪ谵ġ
ƺͲµ׿ڣѡϲߣҲͲʶĻˡѷŲָʪӷһԣʣУϲң
ʵѰʽΡ
Լŵָȴ¶ʵҲô侲
⻰̧ͷĿؿ楣Ƭ촽һһϣͻȻĿҰܵĵͷ۾ҲţֻĴ󹷹Ŷ䣬ƣɳƣǣϲ㡣
ҡ
˵ԺҲˣһԶԶģñ֪򵥵һ仰ȴô˵ڣֻܼͷѹüۣظǸ
ԭΪһ̹Զüʲô
ӣʲô˵ʲôԼţþɿ¶Լǰüôѹˣ̾˿楷˵Уûʲôδ򣬴ûС䣬ǰ㣬ǰ͵̧ͷɫ͵ؿګګʲô
ôܣ
δ𣿡ոջһһ˵üѵˣһĳü䣬ૣǺ˵ģҲ֪ôûأ

һ㶣ºͳʲôϵ
кȻһͷʲôʱ֪δģ
лûδʵԣѯʣһ۲Ŵ˵ֵ졣һγ֣䱦û뵽һ黹ûͱϢһԴ
֣
ò𣬾ȵСǰ죿
ͷЩѿŴ˵СӴӳǱδ£ڿϺСʱ򣬱ҡˡ
ֲйֵֹġ
˵ڼ÷ȥȴˣͲҲˣٺĪҪ־ˡȥ֪ǸǸЦ˫֣㼸ǰϲˣΪ֪δ͹Զң
˱͸˼ĬŲ˵
ȴ׵úܣϷŹ°ͣ˵
ǡ
ߣ
楼ΪʲôּҪãǿδҪұ־𣿡һʲôԼ٣ʧȥѣôװƭ
֪
뵽⣬գԼ±˷ˣ˾ȻƭҪȴһƵΪҷôŬû취Զ㡣
ֻҪһ㣬Ҿֻ͡ߡ
˵ѹɳƣЩƹˤˣѾ֪ˣҲͲˡأ˸ţѾûͷȥҲܽӽ׼ȫȻûзֶΪһ
ˡ
ôҲû뵽оȻ˵ĻƺڻĻҲ֪ǲĲյ̫ʢˣ楾Ȼչ̵òУҲס飬飬顭û̧ͷȻ϶ƳĶߡ
ỹƼأ
ñֱԼϣǹĸɢһЩһ̧̬°ͺУ̧ͷҡ
Ũܵ۽£˳Ļ̧ͷʹ˿̵ɫ϶ÿûзӾܾǰǣǡ
ٸ˵һ顪楿۾ûδ򡣡
˽͵֮ǴСʶҲȷ˼ǻû㲻ʲôδޣҡǰһ㻯Ϊţ極ĺͻȻЩŽͣԼżƵģľͷҪǲ˵ƵһӲҴţҲܲصסǰͶˣһۼûƳҪǽۺ©˿ڷ磬׼ڻڹ
ΪһѾԽԽϲˡ
֪Ҫʣ˵Ҫ˵ԵرŤǼ֮ǰĸʱҲ˵ˣ֮˵һҵĿͷŵգʡպ˴ˡ
һϯ˵ʱ
еĲֱ״Ĺâ
𽥱û谵貵˫۾ĹâոջҰܵ÷·ʧȥһе˴ʱػһ㣬һգգؿ楣٣ЩƵسǱһ⣬𣿡
ȲطʣŲزסļ
ȴ˵ˡ
ֻǿĿû㣬ֱ۾УģΣ
Ҫ׿˵
ʹѾ⣬楻Ҫ˵һ飬ֻ׶Ǿ仰˼ô졣
ҡ
ֳưͣеҲȭʪģѾֲǰδɵˮ³ĺˡ
ΪŶЩһңһϡ
ҡ
楣ˣŵòУһξûȺܾãڽŵ£ɹ̹ϵ楣ңϲ㣡
֪кܶ಻㣬ҲУĬҲ˵ҲûкõļҾΪڷ絲꣬
ԭ楼⸱ƻʮֽš
һ˵㣬ȴû˵Լһ˿ãЩ̿ˡ׵ģһˣǲҲöԼЩֵ˵ֵ֣˵˷֣Ȼйһͬ⣿
ƫһݳɵʵϵ޿ժָ
ţ˵ңһŬȡһŬϺӵģһӵеĶ㡭㣬Σ
˵һ䣬ŵӶˡ
˫ʱ侲ķʱҲƽ򶨣Ҳţɼʹţһգգ楣´©һ˿ı仯ͻ
楻ؿȴû̻ش
ҪĻش𣬿ɻЩԼ⡭ûл֮ⷬǰúܺãһӲɻ鲻ӣҪҸףǮǷ
ɻȻܡǮǷˣҲ᲻
ǺһӵйһʧܵĻںҲûһһ֪ʲôֺ͹ϵׯ
ĬĶˣȴȫȻû楸ոյʣĿŵ´˼ס˺Ϊѹֶס
㡭
ԲüŻشġǻд˽֣ʲôʱٺ˵ͺãңҲ
ֻľܾ
ⷬ£ˣǰղ˺˵һĻȴȻͬǻ˵ֱӾܾˣûһ˿ԥҲ㱧ǸͲ˼̹϶ֱʡ
񡪡
ԼȻֱӾܾ
ıڲסţžžЩЦŶǵעµͷָüģ̾Ϣһ
Ȼǲһ
Ծܾκһˡ
۶Էʲôݣḻʼû취ܾһС
ǲͬġ
Żǰ˷ֿ£谲ǵĻжŻⱲӷʱЩԼ벻£ԡŻں֫Ӵʱȣ١
ڼǰϲ
ͬҲУһʧԼġ
ӡ
޷ƵݽС
С楺һЩΡ
ڡεʱս·µҪ˵ʲôˣȻܵĳ嶯һСȴ³Ļش
סҪ˵
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˵УҲһˣһŮˣҴǰûҲûӣס΢΢̧۾ͷЦ⼫ˣǣҾһײݡŮˡ
Цţ˵Ҳûýһλ׼
Ժĳɻ飬ҿҲû취һͻݵӵŮˣ󻰻δ˵˼еĻԼľͺã
ˣ˲סлعæ ϲҲΪЩ³ĻͲס¶ĺˣ˵Ϊǽš
ֻǿϲΪ楡
ӵŮкܶ࣬ϲȴֻһ
ϲѣϲУϲż͸¶ĽƤϲзԼȻ˵һá
̫ˡ
õԲλࡣ
ֱĻУ楿ŻֳĬ˺һᣬͻȻǷΪİǸɽŵЦ˵ǣһԣұ֤һεĽͻãһԣʱĻ̸һ
ǰɬ껹ûкλȨأȴźһĳᡣ
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һ԰ɡ
ںǰȻͬദУһԣһǲǻῪ
ֺ˵ġ̡
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һͿأԻΪΣ׼κ˽ԸΪǰٴһķٵһضͽ
Ӯ
Դϲ
䡣
Ҳûʲôˡ
ͲǴǰǸʲôûеˣиĸи磬ĸ͵ܵܣѡ˰飬ҲԻȥ
οԼȲׯ
ǰԸ£񡭡ȻҪһٸҸ黨ǲݣôʰ
ˣɿ켫ˣƲУɳȥĲȴһһȴĴּᶨߵǰȻż⣬̧Ĳϡ
¶ɵȴЦ޲ɷУһûðһӶи׼һԣǳˣ
㣬𣿡
ǻ͸ˣİݵ޷죬֪ܲԼյôӶϣҲһ
ѳ
кȻĸ֣ĸûʲôϵ֣ȴˡ
룬ԭҲġ
ԭҲܺݣ޷ġ
ι˳״ס˵ģüҼЦͬͬѽͬ⣬ҿɾ͡ڰ׷۾ڵƻҡҷĻȣϵҪɿļһ䡰ˡδ˵֫ͱסˡ
ʧȥ
˫ϸ֫ͷĲڵУһʧõĸо˵ҴӦ㣬ߣ뿪ҡ


86 һ
˵ĸ첲ϸ֫, ʵȴʮŴʱļϣܹܵǲסǻԼĶҲЩ, ΪԵ, ȫĶͲ, , ᲻Щ̲ס, , ֡
ҲѵһĨɬ, ÿһ˵Ůˡ
ûзӦ, ȱšֱϵ, еĹâ¾£ؿǰ棬ԭ԰׵ʱ糺һƬ
ң, Ǹ
˵ͽӲŻ, ȴߵͨ죬޴ɿվһԣһ, ȴЩ鲻Խ̧, 棬𣿡
εĸо
̫ʵˡ
ѲҲˣԲΣ뵽, Ũڵĳüš£һСɽ, 㷲ʱüȴ˵סˡ
ָḧ¡ĳüȻ, һΪƽ
˴ؿʲôˡ
ôһüһб㻹ΪΣп湻ֵģ֣Ǳġ
˵ţкȻһĨĹâ
۵شս°͵ľ룬ѹЦʣУ㲻泣ΰɣ΢йâҲݵһ£極¶ʱԽŨˡ
ԱĶչȥ˵˵㶼ʲô
еպͶһƬ̣˫еĵӰȵöԼˣͷ˵ûʲô
ͷ¶޳Ĳӣֻԭİ𪱻糺ȡ͸죬ǲϵһСԽˡ
楼̹ף԰ѸüĴָһ信ʵһ·£ѵˮһԸеϡ
кս㡣
楰Եúܣ㣬˰̨ϣ㡣ĵᣬͷüңҾҪ
̶̼־߽еĵֿ
ʹӻڽ״̬ʹףǼѹֿţȡĿӳҲ·ȾḶ́ڼӲ̨ϣǻڷڵѾԼڴȼշžۣɤջӦĻ
˵
ҪʲôֻҪУ˫ַϣûУҲŬȥٸ
ʱκһʶ˽¶嵭һ˾ȻҲʱҲһǰֻеͿƣԵʱ򣬵Щ۸ȥˡ
һָĥ룬ʹ΢ҲƿŻУȻ˵μ㡣
˾ȵĿ⣬Цţ
װ죬һȥҹӶ㣬۱ȫģԹڴҴĥӣС˵ֳ˿ȥһЩŸ̵Ķ˵ĸʵĳȡ
֪жʲô𣿡
˵Ļס̨ϵҲ΢΢ţͬʱҲӳ٣ʲô
ڡ
Ұμ롣楼ָµ룬Ц˵һɫŮͽһ㣬ϵ룬һĲӶ׺ˡ
˵΢΢ĿԼ΢ɵһ
ȻЦģĵģɿ֣һεʵιУʲô飿㲻ᡭüң¶ζЦ
ǰѻпȣѿڶûУ
üЦɢøˣҶû˵ʲôأͼŽƱ硣
ҡ
⣬ȴǰɵ춼ûãοԭǸľګŰˣֻܿдһ˿ɤ˵楣ŹҰɡ
ƫʲôá
楱һ楡һ£βһһ䣬ͻˣ
׻ǲϾ׷ŹָһûһµذϵӣʣͷŹˣ˵˵㶼εʲôˣ
ҡ
Ƶı£ǵü˵μǡһ𡣡
ȻأȤȻ
μһһ飬õʱһǣڰС·ϣΪһɽϵҰݵĻڿں󣬾Ҳ̹Ȼǰȵ˫ĿЦҲȵʱһȣҵϿ顣
ʱˣ
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С
ôˣǻΪԼһΣ³Լ
㲻Σ楿ĻţȥɤһˣҪЩҶ㡣ţգ۽ޣȻͻȻżһڣվȺЦ𣿡
㶿ĿⶼɢˣȻëͷСƵĺҿƫͷһڵʱŷԼѾˣֻܵͷ
楱⸱ɬģŪ̿
ǣ֡
û׹ң
һ£Ȼû׹Ҫشǰ˲ѵС
ֱùæҡҡͷûûС
ԣкһˣﻹбҪ󣿺οֻ̫˳٣᲻ˡ
Ǹӡ
Ƴһۣȴ̲ס°ͣ˵Ժҡ
ļһ͵ػͷƺʲôҪƲס籡ˣǴüۣҡҡͷƵ𡣡
µֵɵˡ
СŰ塭
չȥջ治ף
пǰŻɫһǿƵزͷ͵ɤ³仰Ҳܺ㡣ӶпݣɶŮȴΪϸ񣬾¥ӣ˱ضܸȥΪŮӣ˵ҲҪһ⡣
ʲôãŮҪĻҸ˼Ҽˡ
ǣôСҲź˼ң

ЩƽվûŸӲԸ̣ͬĻͬһԣΣȻ֮׵Ļᡣ
ԸƻڣԸպڡ
ο
ҲԼ˺
楶⸱ģְƣΪ룬ѭ浸ʲôԼ⡣Ŵ˵ĿĬ˺һᣬͻȻ㲻Ըˣˡ
жһ̲סʵʲô
ϸָᰴţƮƮ˵ĳ˲Ըˡ
û˵ͱ˻پĸ첲ס˵׼׼ȥұˣӦҵģ楣㲻˵㻰һ¸е͵ײЦ֪ǹġ
ƭģ֣㱧ˡ
ĽȴѵһЩƢûɿøˣ·ҪԼĹѪ֮С
Ժ׼˵Ļ
ʲôܴӦֻЦС
ƺҲڸܵĻţаԼһҲɿˣĻͷ˵֪Ϊʲô𣿡
֣ƽʱºͿƵСŰʮֲ˵죬һ仰Ըͬ˵
楺Ϊμ㣬ȻڶʱҷԼǲЦţУҵң
㡭
ոջյᱻⷬ˵ɿ˶ĿİͰ͵˵㣬ô˵
ĸѽ
üĳòУϲϲĲлװģһ㶼ûóȻ˵ĳҪ˵һѴܶˡ
ңҡ
м⣬Ƽ۵Ц֪֣ΣĻǻϲͷº͵غ˵Ժ󲻻ˣʲô£Ҷ˵㡣
Ҳ׼ȥףҵĻҲ˵׻ЩƢġ
ԵҲˣʲôģֻҪһ뵽˲˵пȥұˣǸ֪ʲôӵ˻ռյòС
ҶˣʲôȥұˣΡ
ǰ׵ĴģԼȻǱŻеģȥҵģˣֺαػʱȥЩðƻ
ˣֵĿڡ
ôˣп
治ףüĿЦ
пЦգһʱȻ»ݣҲΪԼʲô˾ӣֻ᲻˺
ϵָ΢΢սһֻʮָ۵ָǽš
᲻ס޷ܵصͷ極ע£ͷӡһصǣѵˮǳֹ֮վֱӣŶͷףˡ


87 
ѵˮһ, 楸ûоѾջȥˣ̧ͷ, ˵ͶǰҪ, 첲Ҳ, Ŭʲô
, ̲סЦ¡
Ǵ鰡
ϲӡ
ͷ, ֻֻûջ, һֻҲʮָ, ü, ֪öջ, ǹģָĴ¡
ӡڶͷǸǣѵˮ, ȴ
лһ
ΪǸǲ, Ŭ˵, ˣȥˡ
⸱СŰģ˵ûôİͻЩЧ
װ޹ģ, ûѽֻ˵ˡ߿, Щûعģ°͵ǷڲֹĹ, ۾ƫͷЦѾͷɾûˡ
ŷӦ, Щ޴룬ŶһȻɿ֡
ЩִٵվһԣҲ֪ʲôվһᣬʲôҪ𣿡̸֪ôģСҲ˵ϻѣ֮ͥûӦ;͸ûвοֵˡֻǰЩ˵ŮӶϲɻкӡ
Ŭǰ£ҲûŻδƽġ
áȻû˼ҡҡͷһѾʲôðæģⶼˡ
Ҫټӵ㡣
ˡ
Ұϴ°ɡ˵žҪȥ룬ûͱ˰ס֣һ٣ȻֺĿ㣬ȥ楣ôˣ
УӦô˲ǡ楿Ц㲻ỹڽŰɣǾ⻹ΣĻУУϱӻⱲӣĻжų͵ĳȡ
ǰˣȣЩ֪롣
̲סֳǱߴչȥһЩ
ΪĿ˿˲ֱýѻĳҲסûС
˵Ҫ⣬ɱ˫·ܿ͸һе۾ţһƣֻܴͷ˵ûоΣֻǻЩţЩš
ᣬһܿˣûϲˣ룬ҲûŮӽӴ£ģû˼㡭ᷳȤҡ
Ҿ㡣楴Ļ
˴㵵ע£𴽽ǣЦģַڻеϣḧο˵Ĳ˵ĹΣǲĸ£ӦڳΪˡ
һܹȡһóɼ
ΪĶͻ糺죬۾ҲȻǱ˿佱Ĺ˶ɢĵϢپɥɷؿ

楻һתԭȸԾҲһʲô
ʲôã̫ܱţͺ˵⣬˵δʱһǿ¡䣬û˵
ʵԼҲǻЩʱ˵ǻ᲻һ
û£˵ԺҪʲô£һҪ˵۶Ѷ࣬ҪңҪƭҡ
ҿԽеĲ㣬ȴܳеУҪǡû˵ͱס֣ɫ棬֤ˡ
ԺҲ㣬ƭ㣬ʲô£Ҷ˵
Ŀô棬楿ò£̲ס룬ϱӣҲô̹ϣǲǽ־ͻ᲻һ
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ЦӦһãҼˡ
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һ̷Ƶæɿ極֣΢ҵͷȻһվԣһʲô¶ûзģ
ȴƳȣЦûȥļװ򶨣̷ƺһСܽЦ֪ˣͳ
ã
̷ƴ׺ΧͷϻŻͷñЩʱģһϣ󱳶ȳˣǼҲžӨ͸ĺԭҪ˵ոǷűڵ龰ƼеӰ£ܿЦ磬Ⱑ
ֲոûӰ
ԭȥһģһ棬С۸ңҲԼ档
û뵽Ȼں
СȻû˵ĲֻͬǿЩ糺գֵ磬ú찡
һ⻰ɫ΢䡣
̷峺ɾĿ⣬һʱЩ֪˵ʲôЦŰΧȣȳȥɣϾͳ
á
̷ƹԹԵͷߵʱֵػͷһۣȵĻΪʲôûѽͷԼСԴЩ£ۺܿͰ׵Ժ󣬸߸ӦһıQQˡ

Ѿˡ
楰ѹǴ򿪣ȡһѾҲʢһԣԱʱ֮衣ϴ룬ߵȴӣҵҵ˻͹ȥɡ
С
ҲûƴǣȵˮˢϴɣأԿһЦߡ
ҹз磬ȴ䡣
ȰѾ͵﷿Уʱ򣬻ҲӺˣ̷ƼǶˣƵˣˣԷ̻ˣ
ſ̻Ѿܾˡ
ۿк楲վһӰЩûƲ죬ںôҲ֪ʲôƫƫ»ԼĶġԽԽתͷ۲Ĳ
벻ôˣ͵͵ǣǷ֣ԿһҲջĿ⡣
ȫ򶨵ķ̷ᣬ˳ֻ֣ЦŴ˸кǰǣ̷Ƶߵһԣͷ̻
С۸磬Էˣ̷һǣ̷ᣬһֽԼĶ䣬żڴֽŵؿڡ
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۷ǳⷬɣһǰҪʱѱüҺһ˵˰
졣̷
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ڡ
۵ͷûӵţȻ˺
飡
һϿУܿ죬ڼŵųһѤõ̻Ұ֮أ̻Ҳûô໨ŷһ״ֻɫвͬȻϡҵĶᡣ
Ƿ׷״гգ⣬̻ɣ
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̻
ǰĸȴһֱûɿȾƣ˰ɣȥԺ￴ģڼ⣬ˣ
ЦЦΰѵ֣Цߣﶼá
ޣ
ĸԹȴȥˣʣ𣿡
ˡ

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¡
Ҳͷ
ÿ𣿡ֻһͷ̻Ŀ˵ϡ
״һ̻Կߺö楶ʵ㲻ʲôöɿ˵۾·𿴵õĶÿ
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ȻѤֻһʱһʱҲ㹻˾ˡ
οǡ
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Ȧϸĺëεֱʼս֣ɿ
Щȣû뵽оȻס֣ΪСŰҪˡŻϵЦݣҲЦЦñǰҪġ
˾̻ѤУ˵ĻЦ£ضʮָۡ


88 
̻ܹŷ, ܿͷˣһ̻ʧʵʱԭΪ̻Ҳ¹, , ȡԭİ
, ûˡ̷ƿֻʣ¾Ÿն̻Ͳ, Щδ, ̷ͷͷЦ, Ԫ, ҴȥϿ
ð
СӵʧĿ, ȥҲ죬ܿ, Ц
Աߵۼû̻ˣҲӣ£üǰ楺ͻҲѾɿ֣زվţҲ˵, ĳСŰ忴һʵںڰĶͷˣ֮, 楾Ե̹Ȼˣ·ʲô¶ûһԺӵ, һЦˣȥɡ
ˡ
Ӧһ㶼üߡ
²ӵüڣڽ˼̿յӶůģ̷ƽȥժΧñӣˣ˵ģǼҲȫǺ
СȣҪ̷ţСްҪѵˡ
һ𣿡һ楣һݸһõӡ
Ȼؽӹƫͷͻ˵ˣҵֻ˯ͷûչ¾ͲˣǺú档
ʲô߽ӹ
ǰڼҴסͻټһȺȥͷ棬ȻǲˣֿһŻаӣʱݺݵ˻һۣȻҲһӲڻпʱƵüҡ
ͻȻӵ楣
ЩεЦЦҲû˵ʲôһǸһꡣͷԶϻ΢΢üԣͷԶ˲
ۻͷģֵ˵ҵŰɡ
楳ЦЦû¡
һԵĻ룬룬㿴ʲôʱ
Ϊ˲ͬ׽ԾȻѯʣû̷ӦߵͷĿ©һۣʱչĿ̡
껹ʱء
Ҳûʲô˼룬ҪҶ𣿡֣ûƵϷˡ
ҶƼ򵥣̷֮⣬˶ᡣ
С̷Ҳû֣ϣʱľ²š
ȥ̷ƣܹˣһΪׯңһ飬飬̷ЦҲᣬׯҰɡ
Ҷׯҿһ˶Ҳ̷ҪׯңҲûׯ˳Ʒ飬ͷһĽۺ楣кͻ롣
һ῿ŵֱˣбƴ¼СҲ޹͡
ԼĻУǰԼܶü˳ĦȭƣһҪ˴仨ˮģ
ׯҷƣÿðţʣŷм䣬ơȡƣԴС
һ֣ۺ楽Ӯ
۵üңϵЦݱκʱҪãȻû˵ʲôƵĻеԵ͸¶֡

Ҳܹô
ദЩӾûֵʲôã˿ôܲˣ
ƼˣҲû˵ʲôɫϴơ
ڶ֣³ƻ飬楺ͻһ飬кһ顭뿴رˣֱӱס極ĸ첲ϻ˵ţӮ
Цͷá
һԵۺͻл࿴˶ԷһۣûʲôʾȴÿҪǰƸ˺ˡ
ܻУɲǺѵģ
µҲֻȴܲˣιҺȰ
һȻˡ楡
ˡƵ۸Ӳˣǿ۾楸첲ƷֵĻ룬յòУӮ룬οһҲûãֵֻһۻУȻȥϴơ
ĿһеҲûʲôԾǰҲûдҶƣֻĲᡣ
ֱ
ͻгһԡ
۱Ϊû˻ϺȣһӮû뵽ȴĻУĿɿڴ´˵ؽ͵ƺá
楿һǰƣ֮ǰöˣȻֺЦֺӵ»С
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ԭˣԣ˿ۣ˻ȥЩµŶһ棬ɡ

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楲δȥУͷϵĶԲС⽶УͷԲû٣ʡϻȥһ˯š
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µһ꣬ϣϲԱǷ˳˳죡

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һ·Ҵҹ, Ϊ˴һֲҪײв۸, ߣŪ
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ڼַſڹˣĥ˼յҲϰˣ߹ȥӹзẓ́ûȻУһ楺ͻĽŲߡ

ƼԼһξ룬˿ãոյж죬ڣҲûƽôҲû뵽ͻȻҵǣ촽°͵ᣬ󡭡ոǸҵǣľôƽ
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ּԶҪЦ˵ģԭ̵ҲƽˣܰĳУҲһĨº͵Цݡ
ƼԶԭ˵ŮĻͷһۣϵЦԽŨˡ

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90 
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ҹǵļǡ
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ҲǵòԣҪȻһӿɶ÷ˡ
뵽, ҡͷʧЦһǾƲǱԭ򣬶, ͦ˵ģϲĻУҲܺһʱ䡣
ܼһ, ܺʱɬȵĻһĺܿġ
ĵǶزסҪƴˡ
楿ͭŮһֱŵĴǣҲȴǰҪ貵ĹâأԿһᣬŰ鷢£طŽκУȥϴ

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˵̾˿ҴǰǲףöֻҪúö͹ˣϵ˺£һٵ
˹ϵ
Ϊʲô˵ѳӣǺŵ˲㣬һʼˣЩ̵þҵҵͷЩѧ峵бֹһǰ㣿
һЩǲǽ̳ѧҲ·ߵø˳
Щѹ
пеȻ

ţ
ϣҸĸ֮⣬𾴵ˡп˵ºͣᶨûҲнҡ
ĸǸ¶ĺˣȲǰ
ĸʵֲ֪ΪòǷµծδ壬ಡҪҩһЩծԹӲϢǿƵز׼ȥ񹤣飬Ͳ߿ƿ·ˡ
ܻΪһֻдŵͨˡ
˵ȢˣӽʸûС
⺢ӡ
ЩȵؿŻУȴ̧࣬ĻеļЦΪʦ㣬պĴκٳһһϯ֮أǿǺܳӣ


91 һ
˵æҲæ, û˾¥Щ£楿ÿ˯Ͳѣ˵æȴҲæ, һĸȥȷǰһ, ȥ峤Ұ, ڵ˳졭ʱ͸ĸȥ, ˵ȥꡣ
ε, ѵ˸磬ϲСѴš
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Թš
͸Ϸ׼õȥĸһ·ĸ첲Ҳûʲô£Ϸ˾Ǳ߶סЩӣҲ˼Ҹ¡
Ϸ˵ĸйٺܺá
ΪǸѾĸףϰһģимȻҲԸ⿴ˡ
Цŵͷ, УЩ͸͵š
ĸְһ
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極ͷ
£֪ˡ
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ǡɰĲС
ЦЦջĿԱ߿Զں̷ƸС̷ؿֻۣǣӣҭ磬Ҫ𣿡
š
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𣿡
С̷⻰һ㣬лһ
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Ǳ
ʲô
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ָĸ˱ŷԼ
ĿҲתͷĸ𣺡ˡ
ȥɣ·Сġֶ˼䣬һһӦǣǰЦ̷Ʊҵͷ
ӣ˱ȽϷֵĽֵΪ̫࣬ٶҲ楳һջи׼÷֪Ҫȥ긮Ҫصȥϸ
á
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£ӿͷۣôˣ
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楿Ȼ嵱ˣ
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ʼ˵ʮ
ǿ̫׻Ž̫֣ű
ͷһеĺӣɫȻǺܺãȽðɣ֮ٸõġ
ǳɫãǼ飬︹̡
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˵ꡣ
楾Ц˺ӣҪȥڶʲôû򿪣ͷʹ۵Ǹġ
ţ
̧
Ҳûʲô˼ģ̹ȻǸģ֮ǰǸ˵Ҫжͳˣͷתɡ
ľˣۺһᣬ˿öЩˣЦʣģ
Ȼǣ
ҲУʮֽͷȴҲ˵ʲô
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Ȼ˵ͼһɶʱСһڣغһŻѽóȥˣûܾͲˣ
ôأ
㰡
Цҡҡͷֳ֡
ʲô
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˵ȴ·𳶲Ƶš
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·˶࣬һʱˣſţͰһѾߡţͣ£ӭ˹
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ӱͿʼź楣ôδֿǰصĴѾۿؿҪ¹ҲźС㣡
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ЦЦ߰ɡ
˱㳯ϷڵԺȥ
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楿һ
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֪ԼӵȷһЩ, β¥æ, Ҫ², ҹ˯ֵ˳Էʱ䣬ݲŹ֡ԼǰֻСɽƵ, ǺЦεסϷ˵ĸ첲ĵĸɱټˣټУ˶õˡ
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ЦӦá
һԲһ˵˵ͷʱϷ˺Ȼͣ£һ楡
ڳԲ, ƼĸЩֵգۣĸôңճ׷ˣ˵ŷ, գͷʲôûС
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⻰, Ҳ̧ͷ楡
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楣ȻҲˡ
뵽仯ˣ۶ʱЩغһȻʮֲĵĵͷŰ˺ü׷
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Щԭ򣬻һҪԭ
С
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Ϸȴ֪ģֻЦŸ˸ͷ˵˾ͺá

ֳԷ˵һͷҲõ極ϢѾʱҪ͵Ҫߵ˼ңЩ飬ǰ楰һǲ鷳Լһžõ顣
Щ
ǲоʲôͬ˱仯ҲԣҲԡ
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楷Ż˴Ϸ˯ǰȴǵס極֣Ƥ߰ɣ
ߡ
Ц˵Ҫյġ˵꣬Ϸ㰲ģɿֱ۾
Ҵñӣڴһᣬߡ
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Уȥ
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Խƽĺ棬һȦģ΢Ȼ̾ϢԼĺͽ⡣
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ջĿ⣬Цŵͷ
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ϷȴЦüңƽӺݶׯȴ͸һЩʱӣһ߸ͷһ˵ôңѲΪǻӹϸ;Ͳˣɱˣ游ûˣһ˰ҳġ
һ仰˵ԭһӾͱˡ
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ŵǸǫѷġ
⣬ЦȴǳǳһĨ²յֻ׮ûüĸ˵̧ͷ˫ֽϥϣЦպȥչҲ֪ǰҵĴѾߣһȥ
ʲô־ͬסˣҲòҰ
ĪְԭҲԣҽҲ˼ɷԸͰһȥ楸ѡ񣬡ϲ뿪긮պޱ㶼£Բǡ᲻ãҲĸΪ񡭡
û˵꣬ղűʵͻȻվԸ⣡
˵̫̫죬еĹضˣȷӦֺͷǸС㣬ңʧ̬ˡҪϷ˵ңϲԸһȥ
һᣬС˵һ䣬ʵϷΪѡҲԼܵϷǱߺ˵ȢģҲȢˣֻȢ
⵹楲֪ġ
ЩüԶ翴ȥȻƼһĨɫȹڣֻȹЩң֪ʲô£񶼻ˣЦջĿ⣬תͷ־ͬ˵УȻȥҾ޶˵
־ͬ򡰷ޡֺǵʱͷ̧ûڳŵʱСѾЦһ̲ŴҴææܿ
楿úЦȰѺһ֣·ˣ
С㡣
ƽճȵˣᾹѵôһЩŤ
ס֣ģҿȷǸģҪǣѡġЩûиָ飬ϲѵҲ׽
ԭպ־ͬҪҪȥǵ£Ҳ԰ʲô뷨
û뵽ʣȫгˡ
Ҳ֮ϲˡ
ղ־ͬ˵Ļϵĺô¶²ȥͷ˵֪вѾ߶Ͼ־ͬĶˣúÿҲߣҪǸĸˣûֵܽáѡЩѾ߶ԣɲŵģ
ǰû˵ĸԺӵѾ߸ͺɰ͸㣬ԺＸѾҲˣֻôЩ꣬Ҳû˭ù
Ϸָ飬ȻˣȴҲƮſ鸡ľƵģ
ⷬİˡ
楼ü۽ȫǲزסߺЦҲˣ٩˼䣬ͷȴһͨ΢¹ˡλǰã楼ȲҲûʲôøУ˶ſˣҲøˣջ֣ɡ
Ҳϵı飬վȥ
㣬ɻˣ΢Ǽһ·С֪ܽĿµΪǹϵ϶ܺá
Ϸȴúװʲôɫ£
΢Ƽⷬ飬ϵĽЩѣ뵽ԼĿ˵֪Ҹ˵òУ´Žĸ˵صسһŹ
ɺã
Ҳ˵ԹԿһأ̾Ȼòãȴǰݶˡ
楣
ֵüģ֪˴ʲô˼Ҫ˵΢ȴֿˣþ뿪ʵĸĸ׶ϵģҪȻǰǼҲһֱţҽ㲻֪ɣ±أ˵ĸĸûɶɵˡ
ţ
ʲô£
΢¼֪飬æЦŰѵĸۻ﷢һϵºȫ˵˳Ȼһ򱧲ƽģҾ֪ûģҲڳ϶ý۸
ԭΪ˰Щ¡
極ûʲôԣҪˣžءŮĿƵһ˳һģЩЦȻ֪΢´ʲô⣬һ˶󣬵涷һ֮
˼٣ҲЩˡ
楾ȻЩµţôຢǰλ΢¾Ȼɽġ
أţ΢ֻ˼ôԸ棬۾ˣĶ㣬ʵǶ㣬㻹ǻɡ
Ŷһ
΢¼Ӧˣ
ú˵أֵú죬Ҳգڸһ䣬룬Ȼȥɡ
΢Ȼش𣬵極ƢҲֻӦǡ
뿪¸˲裬ҡҡͷ˵λС㻹Ǻʹǰһ
ЦŽӹ裬һڣҺ޹ء
һȴЦǡ뿪⣬ȴ뿪Ĺӵ˸أҲøӿ
˶ˡ
極ǲȥȥǲС£Ǳߵ˵¥ҲðţȥĻƳʦҲҪ׼ֿܲտչȥ
Ͷ˾ţȵ䣬ĸǻᣬյӡ
긮˵ССʵĸҲôϢֻʹˣ¿ӣԴӣϷЦҹȥء
ǴСҪãȻˣȥһҲáϷ˳ˣ촽˿ڲż˵ޣպҲûɼˡ
ţ
һҪˣ
Ϸ˵ͷǰҶӣڼǸзǰѾˣҲѾˡ
ǰһ
ҺҲǾʶȻλ죬һû㲻ǻϢǼ꣬Ǳϲֻ嶺ǰ֣ĵ̾˿
գСۺһȥɡ
á
楺ӣЦӦˡ

ûվ͵͵ӣܶ˺ƺƵȥûǰͷ˵ͷء
ӣȻƼһһӰվ⡣
楣
Ƽæֻ˻ӣ˦˹
楿Ҳʵ¶һЦݣȳͣ£ûվȾͱ޺ݺݱסˣѽˣˣ
ۿ⸱çײģЩ˵ü֪楺ǹϵãҲû˵ʲôֻվһԡ
ߡ
֣ǽȥ˵
ģҲȥӭк˲ǰߣһ·ȫ˵Цżһ䣬һǸӣ˵٣Ķࡣ
ߵŴʱ
ҪԸȥҼλү棬Զһ˵̧ͷȥƼһϤӰͣ²ӣĿ¶𾪡
У
ô⣿
ȻҲƼˣԭĿžɫȻƼУϵıһһ޵𾪣ô⣿ȻҴԽӴ
лҪ˵ˣŶû뵽


94 һ
ôˣ
޼ֹ, ˳ĿǰƼԼұżģȤƲͷ, ں楽ܵ游ġ
Ȼ̫үŮ, СҲϰȥƺˡ
̫үģ
, ȴ, Ӻʱ̫үʶˣ
Ȼ˵, һϸ΢ĿһֱǸɫӰ, ȻڰǰҲһƬɫ½, ˵λƶ, ĲȴȻպƿضȡһΡɽ, Ҳɽ򣬶⸱ʶģһѹɤ˵λִصؾټ游ģǰȥ游밲ʱ޻ӵ¡
̩Ȼ
ϻػк˵һӣԭǱִ˽ܵҲǣ̫үִ˵ʦ̫үָ, Ƕպƿ볯Ϊ٣һ¡
뵽, Ҳ¶Цݡ
ããС, ӡ˵䣬Ҵүǹˣ޽ʮһɫֱ֣üĿ˵Ҳϸ
̫үȨһǱϵġ
ȥô꣬ǰƽȨҲûˣǱҲ˺ü˻ȥӣ̫үƾˣˣѧʶȴûٵ˼λҴⱲʵȴҲûˣѡ̣긮Сҵ޵С
硣
硣
Գ˰Ҳ˵˵ͷӡ̧ͷʱĿⲻɫسߵ˿ȥȻƼһ˫貵۾žԼزסĻϲһƣֻҪˡ
楿Ц¡
˶δ˵˾һֱ۲ǣûסغһ
ôˣ
۵Ȼܺ˵ˣֻɫÿƲͷվһԣĿȴʱʱǱ߿һۣй˵ıŤԭŻͷͷҪһЩϸùȥû뵽˾Ȼһͷʶˡ
ôأ
ǼȾһﻹе極ģֱѹĸоˡ
۲˵Ҳû֣λСһƢԣЦЦҪ˵䣬ȴͷѽȥ԰Ӱɣǣ
ɺһûˣŲҪ˷ʱء
ȴʼĿؿε˵㰡Ҳûǣֻ˵С޴Сȥɡ
ǣ硣˳ͷ
ȴѾһһ뿪ˡ
Ŀ뿪תͷʱҪкǼǰƼҲעǴ͸¶Ϊ𾪣ȻŸλʶദҲܲķءû뵽ƼԱһСۣǰǸ棬µȻˡ
ЦЦֻûк߰ɣǼǰߡ
á

ӡ
Ѿ˲ˮͶˣټһֻʣˡֱЬӣϣ˫ֱؿ楺ߵϵ㣬ǲǾʹͷֱӻȥˣ
ȴûϵǡ
һյ裬ֱԩˣǲţҲҪǵġ˵һָϵЩҰζ֪ϲ𣬱ðЩҿصظùġ
޴ƣϲϵЦһûס־òߵɱΪԭˣ
楺һڲ裬ƫͷЦһۣСôԭأ
ԭ֣ͬҪ˵ȴҲ˵ֻܹС˵ǳԷǸ¥ǻûȥأ
˵ƫͷȥߥ޵˵ǲǣ
ģҲҪӰݣЦſ֣Ҳ͵Ӧһ
ȻӦá
һȥˣ˵һỰްóȥѾȥϵʱ楷²յĸ˵Ļڶˣ
ͷǡ
楼ʼһĨǳǳЦҲϲǼϲ΢΢üϲ𣿡
û뵽楾ȻĻѵþһ£β˵˼ҶԣϲҪģĸ֮ý֮ԣֶպҲ㡣
οҲλӣǸſպҼ޹ȥҲܹò
һֱãУǻͨ͸ǸˣɴǻԼίȻһ
嶡
ǰ楾ԲʳĻǰһ
óɻֻҪŵͶͶ͹ˣϲϲʵڲҪ
Ůһʱ΢΢۽ޣֻǼĹֻعƽ򴽣Ƶ
Һķһ֦δʼҶһŮѹܾԵ޷ְɡ
һ꣬긮һž޵꣬ҲͬһŮʧȥɡ
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ȻҲ嶲¡
ֻǱΣǵ嶻ڴֵزӺԼ׵С檸һ𣬼ʹٺףҲɱһǧ˰ٵ¡
֮ȥҹ˵˵гĬκһŮĿ˵ˣҪץˡ
һκ˵׮£Ǹʱʮһ꣬õˡ÷һ𳤴һϲãˣ֪ϲʲôϲʲôѧʱؾ·ȻݸһĸײԵǺ«ҲַĽֵͷ̻ʱס֡
Զǵǿ£ϵɫҲԶǵã׵
ὫһϧشĵҲֻһˣԼһ㣬ʹô
ϲ嶵ҵŮ
ҲҪе¡
޸ӾҪ£׸ˣĸҲˣϲϲ߲ˣûôҪܹúܺã㹻ˡ
һɳơ
ȴתͷЦŰ£ס֣οû£ͦõġ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻܽػס֡
޽ŲŽĴȫȻûڵʱзʲôԸƵѾóȥԵˣǺúóһ٣ͷȥ極ľ¥ݺһ٣
˵Ƽסֵ֣ڸ𣿡
˵ü֣ߵǲǹҲڵʱ˵һ
楻Ц˵㣬ȴǻ
ʲô޺
楱Цſϣü˵ںͰ˵ĳҵСϱʲôʱż޸أ
СϱûƼ˫Ц۲ŷӦʱܹȥ楣Сϱ
ֳһš

ʱҸڵһլӡ
嶸վڵĳ£ƽ̻֮أһģǸ飬ʹòö΢̣Ҳ˾ò׽
ߵ󣬹ӣǱжˡ
嶲Ըֿͷգʲô
½긮ľ¥үСλ֣үǴλӵֶԸ¥
赶ɱˡЦôֶ꣬λһɲ䡣
Ҫ˵ŸС㣿
嶳ĬһᣬƳһŵȥ
ǡ
Ӧһˣû뵽δ뿪ǰȻһ䣬Ļڶʲôʱ򣿡
ΪźôˣȻָ˭ף³
¡
嶵Ӳá
һ㣬ϲһһɽҰó޵ӡ
ӡ
̧ͷͦεӰﻹδޣü
ɸղŵ૵ȴĬˣֽţĮһҲһĹâŸڴĻЦЦһͷڴһЩЦ
ء
˵Լޡ


95 
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ů˵, ̫үǱȴ˹ȥ˵
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ĵطҲͰˣ游Ǳȴ򲻸̤, 游ÿƼΣó
û϶Ҫ
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Цſ, , ȥ
áҡҡͷЦһ, ֲɲҪǸ׳ҲŸȥ̫үèƵģΪ̫үĵһϲ
ոҲΪòλ̫үˡ
ԭ뿪ǰ˹ȥ, ϼȥ, ԸҲ˴
û뵽Լûȥ˼ҵǲͿŹ, ̧°ڣ˵ȹȥף̫үǰ˹ȥ
ԺӲȴõʮ£һ·ᴦһаٰõӲͣ¡
̫үϲݻǰҲûźˣԺɨļūҲͷһͣԶԶƼЦ߹ʰ
ǰλ˶ԣֻǼûѧ
ɶ楶ԣȴѾʮûˣԻ²żǵǰλ̫үţˮɤ˴кﲮ

ﲮЦӦһȴû˽ȥߡ
Цʣпͣ
һλﲮЦִǰЩƼѧӣ̫үˣʮ⣬ⲻһˣȥаʱˣҸȥͲʱƼ̫үϲزסЦء
֪ǻ棬楾֮С
ǰѧеʶģǱضǻĪﲮ˵󻰣極ĴҲ̲סü۽Ǹд˽·𱻿Ǹ
СպܸˣﲮʱƼϵЦЩȡ
λССһЦҲǳǳһĨüҶԾʱ
ЦŽӹлЦﲮʱҲˣ
ῪЦˣǺʹǰһˣﲮüĿŴЦȴҲû˵ʲôֻȻͷ̫үĿˣ㡣
á
ȻҲͦȥǴ˵ʲôҲ֪һɭϣСʶҲˣп϶ǲȥġ
һͷǴҲУ楱Ͼš
΢ֹһӣﲮˡ
̫үϲ㣬սݾŵһŨĳζ楿һڣ̫үվӺͷյ裬źüֽԳһ˵ıʼ
֪˭дģЦջ밲
̫ү̧һۣˡһϵֽһߺ˵ȴǰѻиղļƪ¸ˡ
楱뿴ȻҲûƾܣӹһһԽԽ
Σ̫ү
á
̫үԭŲյԼû뵽һᣬûˣüʣûˣ
ʲôԹǻиղӣͷ£һʴݣżֽ̫үЦѲҵԺĴ˲ɣǵ˵ȥֻúãҲãͷ˼Ҳûǰظ壬ʮԼķǣһѵ𣿡
ȥ£ûѧᣬıµѧ˲١̫үһתϸһ˲˵Ųûл˵طز
ЦŰеֽ£û˵ԼΣ
ϸָǼֽ
ʲô̫үü뵽Ǻˣֿ楣ʶ
ףûЦӯӯҸ׵ѧҲھӡ
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ǿ佱ˡ
Խ⣬ҪȻϲβ
̫үԭϧţûⷬҲ˾ҪúðǸӣԼλһˣЩüҲ˳ĻҺ޹ʣԵҪ
֪ǹⶺԼ
Ц۾һϧţѲɳ
ǲᡣ
ȻѾ뿪κٳٹʳЩǷǾף̫үΪκ̫ƽһԼҲЩ꾡Ľ̵Щϧʵ̫١
ƫƫͷúܣϲϳϣͣʲô£
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ֻһ˲⣬ø͡
ҵĿɲֹһˣôѧӣб̫үټȻۣ̫ү˽¸һЩ飬ֻ˻δμӿƿѳĳЩѧӵж
񻹲ǿ󣬻ݱܷâĺá
úǰһ
ЦŽӹǼ飬Уһͷֺ˵ʱпգ¥ԷѧԸ³
ʱ˵ɡ
˼ˣȼкãҲûٺˣֻ˵һ䡰ĸáˡ
ҲϰȣЦŸ˴ǡ
ﲮ楳ԺӣֽݣֵǼ飬Ǵλӵ𣿡
̫ү˵˵Ĺϵ
ﲮȵ£ȻЦ˵Ҹո˵ӵʱСôôˡ
̫үͣϵĶһ楸ոյı飬ûغһĸһ
һˣôСƵļλ̫үĳأﲮЦĸ˲裬ɱΪԵǺӣСͦϲģô꣬ҿûϹҹõЦݡ
̫үûصһۣӵ㵱ǸĺڵĻ쵰Ǻӡһͣ٣˵ҿž͵Ѿͷм񡣡
ﲮ¶ϸһ룬Щૣ˵һûһ˵ǡ
ưɡ̫үǸŮĿ˵ģó԰ոǸüбϣһߺȲһ˵ԩ̫࣬Ҳ֪⺢ȥ˳ֻʲô

Ժ
ڴҪȥѾߣЦԼȥͺá
СҶ飬ѾȻʶЦӦã㴹ˡߺĴһ⣬ȻƼһž޴վһɫӰ
Ӱͦ忡ʹֻһӰҲ˾÷绪ޱˡ
楸ոҲֻ룬֪ǲǻͷƼӰĻϲԽŨˣü۷ŲǱ߿
̫үһϲ徲ƽնټܹߡ
СеڵϣȻŽߵ󣬻δ̧ס۾˾תԭ䣬Ҳúܣžǧ֮ʣüһƼģȴһӱˣԭж䣬жȣ۾ޱȣҲԭ˻ȥĲֳ˹ȷ˵ûҪһЩ
ˡ˲زסĻϲ
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Сģ
бһæְסվȺüû°ɣ
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ͻȻһæֹڻеĲϣЩЩʣʲô
ҸոƼԱʯʯΣȸ㿴½ţ˽͵Ҵǰϵĺʦѧһʱ䡣
ʦɽĳŴƽʱ̫صëǶܿ
ţȥ
楱ûˣǾܾˣãҿͺáӦ̧ӣָŵϣǼ飬š
Ҳûʣһͱȥ顣
ûµء
ЩԾȻֻ֪ǿݣҲû뵽ȻôҲЩ˱ľȻôɣϢû仯
ӹ鿿
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ûû¡
ڱ˼˽ºǲͳﻹ£ñ˷֣ڿɲ뵽⣬ȻΣ̫Ҳã۽ޣ˵ȸ㿴š
˵ŰֻҲˡ
ֻûһȲ죬ͷҲû͹𣬻ҲûƳʲô⣬ղź˵ѧһǫʵһĽ˸첲ʹźʦι˵ƲԼи²⣬̧ͷƼŮЦӯӯ
ŮգͷЦôˣƲ𣿡
ʵڻˣƭ˵Ǹƫװһ޹ģŲڻĵϥϣֵһûһµ̤ţЦţǻЩѧղѽͷɲúʦ֪ҪȻùܻˡ
֪ڶ棬ƫһ취ûУɫмΣȴʮֳ磬һҳϵĻϥڵϣ˳Ļ˵Ǹѧղ
˳
˵ǸЩ˼ˡ
ǾĹҲͲˣһ˵㿴ҵĽŻûκãҵ÷㡣
˵еԾʮ˳ӡ
ֳϳǱ߿ȥ޵üĿЦɤȴѹţ˵һ£Ҿ㡣֪еӣЩɬοڱ˼ң϶ָˡ
ƫǸģϾصš
뵽ڵģȴĿһۣЦעµͷ˫ĽţͽĤoһ㡭ԭζҲڲԾˣɫ΢䣬ҪֹǴȴӡһʪǡ
ôһɲǡ
極ļ·е˶סˣȫ˻еȥĳ嶯ƫƫʼٸһŲ֪ԱԭȵĶĽţʹţĿȴʼ𣿡


96 һ
楿˵۾, ǵһദд·ĸоǰĴβֵģȻĳСŰ, 
ԭŪһʧ, Ķӵĸо
ƫǲ, Ѿףָͼ, ǲ, Զʯϣ򶨵аɣҾ, ҰӴá
ǽ
ȴòУСŰƽʱ񷨣׸ܶȰ죬ͺ˵, ôôˣȻ, ȻĽţ
ΪˣҲûԴ, 룬Ҳû
ƫƫǰ˵ƽƽ÷·¶ʲôģǲġſţԽˣý֣ߵ㣡
Ӧ, ȴû̸Ь, ˫ֱĽ˵ŹĵĻҲ, պ붺ңôУֻǧԼ֣컹䣬ͷ˷纮ô죿¿࣬϶ϳҩ
˭ˣ
楱ŽҴˣſڷһ䣬ȴ˫еĿӲһ仰˵ȥֻܱͷ˵֪ˡ
Ҳǵһμ죬ûΪγϷΣֻǾɬ楺ÿˣƽǰ󵨵һ使޵ĵô楾һ京ŵĺ÷һģϲ
ϲˡ
ƣȴִ󵨵д˶д⣬楴ǰֻϲȥĨϲһָоʮ棬Щ̵ò¡ڣڿգȵҪðˡ楾Լմ˳⣬ǲԼֻýżϥǣߴٵˣˣҴϣҵûȥˡ
ɲȥˡ
Ľţȷûôˣŷĵظ˴Ьոմã楾Ͱѽ˻ȥվҲϥϵĳվջȥ𣿡
ԭٴһյģϻص˵ǵȥһݼңƵղŻǰˣĬһỹǵ˵ͷǰ˱ͺЦ۾Ǳˣ˵ͬ˵Ҵһȥòã
ȾҲø
áӦһֻҵȥĸ˵һͷңҪЩȥ
ȻӦãְϵǼݸͷ䣬Ȼȥɡ
極˵ͷҪߵʱȴͣסˣˣС
ôˣ˿
楿ҲգĳѣͷմҶҸȡ
ҶЩ죬Ҳû룬ոͱһ£Ŀ¶𾪵ƫͷʼٸŵüƼҲ壬Ŀ󵨵ؿȻעĶ
кȻڲĳУǰһ·°ᣬȵĴкͺյ࣬١
楡
͵غ֣֪ҪһҪһ纣ХеһС˴һ£һ£ߵ޴ȡ
楿⸱ģȻЦһһ
˫ֱ飬ǰĿ⣬ַ·ص˴ǰĵЦкˡ˵žȫܻô룬Ų뿪⡣
á
ӻǴǰǸӡ
ûΪһζϷͱģ
»к͸ոʱһǿƣҲ֪ΪΣǰȨĻУûΣ񱻻ʲôǵĻž;ţʲôŲˡ
ûá
ǿֻһʱģҪʱʱ̿Ǳˡ
ȥҪߵͷʱƫͷһۣ˻վǱߣ𴽽Цһ£ȥɢĿ¾£˵ͷŷĵ뿪
ںͷĻпõ뿪ݵҡͷЦ¡°ѡһ෴·ߣߵͷƼһϤӰ
Ҵޡ
ϻЦĻеһݣĵطǡƼ뿪ķɫ΢䣬أҲ
Ӧ֪ˡ
ӦûƼǰʲôֻ֪Ǹոմһ
ʶʹոմԣ̤Ҳһ˿ûв
ôȽϺã޵ƽؿ˿ڣ游ΪȻû£Ǿ߰ɡȴû˿ἰ極¡
пһۣɫǰദҲͶλҲǻ˵ˡ
·֮࣬ȴЩԼо
պӣǱˣ֮У
һ·Ĭ쵽Ŵʱ޺ȻʵǸӡ
мֹһݣҪ˱ܱѵЩ˼ʵӣСôһģǡ𣿡
΢΢ü⻰Ӧӵѯʣ֣һʮأԲ˵һЩ˲ںλˣ˵⻰Щ˽ˡȻദҲûԷĵز
ԴһᣬЩɫ極£ǡ
뵽ǰʱλ¹
ºȻȴһ䣬ϲˣ
ǡ̺˵һޣѵЩ˼ͷҺͱôСһ𳤴Ҳ˼öҡҲ˵ʻô׷Сġ
Ҳ֪СʹǰȻͬп϶лӵĹͣҲҲοһ
Բ̵˱⸱ģλʵ
лδ˽極Ĵǰɺǰô
޵Ҳû룬˵ǰС㣬ҺδйõЦݡ߱ߵ˵ʲôƽȣ˿ժָĻᡣ
Сֵ£ǰ楱˵ˣ붼롣
о޵Ļǰ·һȻͬ楣һСðȴ楣·Ƽڵ¶ʱ͸ļȺ͹¶иоЩܣ봩»صȥһİ楡
ӣ
˵ˣһֱĬţẰһ
лعӦһһգգڵĻش򴽣Ȼú˵ģϿңҲһ仰˵ӿԼﻰ˵
һ㶣ҡͷδ
˵Ҳ̫ˡұǸұҪȢҲͨĸĸ˼ܺ˽飿
кȻܵԼʱΡ
Ĭһ˲˵ҿﲻͨ㣬İĽȰԼ˵˼֮ףҲʡΪֻΪҵ˼Ȣ
𣿡
һ䣬ȻȻһ㣬ȭûģԭΪŶҺʵ̫һЩһҪȥˣ뵽ҪͣǿѹԼ
п㣬ҲⷺһЩЦ⣬û뵽һصҴҲʱ
ƼЦ⣬ҲЩ˼һ˵ûӿЦˣպҺͱ³ɣٺлӡ־ƺ̫裬ˣ֪ơ
г˹ҲԼ֡
˵˹һһģžǰҪУüʲô
޿һۻУЦź۴кûʲô


97 

һͷ
楻ȥ˻, ȵʱǡ
ʮֲᣬĸ첲ߣôͷҪ, סҲû, ǰǲҲһ˯
Цͷ, οҽûɽˡ
ôü
, ЩµôЦź˵, ͷǹҺúǳһ١
ԻЩˣҲûô, ֻǱĸ첲죬ǳ, , ҿɲԣ
áЦӦϡ
ǿ⣬ɿ֡
˵˼, 飬ߣ˸ߵͷƼҲȺ͵ѧӳˡ
úһߣ˱פԭأ뿪ߡ
վ極ֱ, ȺеǵɫӰ, ʹôˣǵӰ۵ǸֳԿ, ȻƼĺǱ߿лεᡣ
ԭһ۱ջĿˣȴƼߣֱ֪ߵǰĴϻӦƳʲôˡ
Ͼո⼸ȥʱ򣬰Ͼ¶˾ȵı顣
ֻû˵ˡ
極ҲûʲôƫͷЦ¡
ƼϵЦԾ£ҲĵЦݣʲôҲû˵ֻ極֣ջĿȥͷͣܺá
ͦõġ
ʹδãĺҸĵģҲֵ˿ˡ
ϵ˶ճɾ

Ѿ˸𣬡ÿ˾档
˵Ҳȥ˷ֱʱ޻Щѹһ᲻ģʹ۾ҲһֻըëСè
Цͷȥ
İɣһչ˺Լġ￴Ц
ȻܰԼչ˵ĺܺãǰǽԼòأֻ뵽Ůѹֵһ極бûѹ̫ͨ͸Ϊ˱ΪԼĶ־Ӳܡ
ֻס֣£˵ʲô¾͸ţֱҡ
ˣЦӦһá
£̣ĿԽԽԶ
߰ɡ￪ڡ
š޾˪ӵ˵ͷ
תͷȥżʱһۣƼǽһѰͣפڶ档
㣬ôˣ޼ֹҲͣ²ӣתͷ

عЦЦû£ȥɡ
ջĿ⣬żΣûٻͷҲûע⵽뿪֮ѰһָֻǷһǳ谵У˴һŽߵĺɫۣò޺ɫ֮Ҳûдһ˿¶ȣĴţ˫ƷȴֵĮһʼעǵ뿪Ӱ
ƲǵӰˣͰĿڵϣűӰڵҷţȻһʧǰ
ǰҹ
ƲĵطעıӰ
ֱӰҲƲˣջ²˪ѩζ߰ɡ
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Ȼص楺Ϸ˸𣬳ŵʱչ˼ңĸһҪţűһ˵ۻߡ
죬дšˡдšҡ
ȴ֪ʵЦˣ
ߣ
غһƲͷû
˲йɣ
˵ߵģҿǸС͸ı뷨˭һؼңֱӹˡû޹ȥأľѾƫòˣȼ޹ȥǻˣ
ԽԽˣЩϻغô˵ˡ
⻹һء
楿⸱ĹĵģԽԽЦûסЦ˳
㻹Ц
Цըëˣתͷǳؿ楣Ҫ˵ʲôָĻ˵ܲ˵ҲϲԱ˱ҺðɡҲ̫ˡ
ֻܼĹĵؿ楡
楼ˣЦ˳ëˣˣֲԺ󶼲ˣʲôʱ뿴ʱܹϵıڱøһЩֵֻǱѧҵ
ҿɸĸ˵ˣල㣬ӿδܣôʰ㣡
ϲһֿѧˣӦ֪ˡ
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仰ȻЧһӾȼ۵ĺʤġ
һ㿴ŰɣǰҲúѧҪǺúѧϰܱȵң˵ʵҲûٰգװӻǵװġ
楸ҪЦŸͼ䣬һŤŤУİɣԺˣҲģίġ
Ѿǰˡ
ҹȡƻ裬һĨбҲһʧվСϵ楣ķΪⷬůƯҲε
ð
Цҵҳ
ЦȥߵԺʱȴƼһϤӰ档
ѾߣǱ߹
Ҳмˣ⼸գҲΪǴĸߵԵʣҲΪţһζû
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ҲֻһĹ⾰ع񣬳Եص˵ͷ
Ҳع񣬵ͷС㣬ܡʣСҪȥ𣿡
š
極˵ͷûжĻҪ˵ȴЩôû滹ǱúǰЩһˣǰ濴ضһѻҪ˵ֻʩûˡ
ֻҪôҲûϵ
ջĿ⣬ߵ˵˾䣬ˣˣˡ
üſڣŶ˻Ǳͣ˵ͷ
楱˵ͷȥ
ߺ濴ۣ˵ܣոĸ׻㣬һȥɡ
жмֳɼҲͷ˵Ӧһ뿪ˡĿ뿪棬ĨЦҲںҹʧˣŴͷҲ뿪Ӱֻͷ뿪ķɫŵվãڣ߰ɡ


98 
ǰ, 楱óͣ¡
ԼŶԥԥز뿪ȰС, 춼, ʲôҪ, СȥɣСȻϷ֪, ϶ùСİ²ˡ
޷, ȥɣͷĸֻ˵ҺԼЦе, ȴܼ
ְĸλġС㡱˵һԥΣջǵ˵ͷ, ֻȰɼǵЩȥ, 뿪ˡ
ĿԶȥת
ʱҹȡƻ, ǺڵģԽֵ˵ƣ¥ķҲʼҹе֣ȰշĽֵҪ༸ң楱վⳤҲԶ֮Щ¥ǲ, ƻѺҹյû, ٹһӱԪˣСҲǰʰˣ̧ͷ, ƼŵĺѾʼҸʽĻˡ
ͨʽģӵƣ«ƣƣձȽϸӵĻơ
أһᣬҪ־ͼŮִͷ˵λӳǿΣҲ֪ļҹӣ
һЩҼոȥҲûɰòᡣ

˵ŻŮǺ
Ʋµʲôü΢ҪֵĲҲ
Сæкֹ̧δʳڵĻͷһ۱ƼǵϤӰһ£ڹӵĳϣ΢΢ͷֻīɢָǷһ飬Աһյɴƣůɫ䵭Ҳճůɫ
ƫӻı顣
򣬼ʹҹ￴Ҳ¶ůɫȫ··д˾ǧ֮䵭ڵˣһ㳯ǰһۣĶѾظˣֻÿһζʧջĿ⣬ΪҲˣȴײһ˫ẬЦ
˫εůˮ
ɲǼ䡪
ӵ˶ı仯
ǸĬԾε˽ҹһЦݣЦŵģһ㣬䲻ãȴҲжԣЦվ˵Ŀ⣬黹Сл֮һ·Ŀбӵسȥˡ
زסȸԾͻϲ
˵ʮȻؽӹĶڻؼ𣿻Ҫٹ᣿
δϣ楿һۣǻĿŵ͵͵ӣĿȴʼշͻеϣЩеľۣЦջĿ⣬̧С
߰ɣؼȥ
ҼҵطԷͻлȥůģʺҹ
á
ȻӦЦź˵£ȥ˵Ŷȥ
楱˼վǰĿӰڿʱҲڿǣǸOO@@Ļʱ極ĶУ˵ģҲڲ²ǹϵģҲΪ»źôͳɻġ
楴΢̣һӦţĳȲ֪СŰЦӯӯ˵߰ɣؼˡ
ͷ
δʲô仯ȴĳ˷Ҫʱ򣬺ݺšĸ첲ѹɤߵзĳĿ¶ɻֻ̲ͷҲԵģֻƳһ۱

ֶǼǰҲվһͣҲҪȥ˼δһŴɫ̰ѾߺȻǸɫŮǸǲС㣿
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߼²ŨҲɨһۣƼĨӰʱȴסˡ
楣
ô⣿
Ȼиˣ
Ȼס˰ΣƳʮֺÿǴͨӲʲô˼ҳ뵽ϻѾ߻˵楾Ǳһ˽ߵģǻỹþȣû뵽ôһˣ
ȸ߼»عȥʱѾ뿪ˡ
ͷȥʲôݣ߼פԸơ
Ӧһ̧ͷƼеȣЩǵѯʣỹүɣ
ôʲôɮ񣬻׼ˣ߼һ䣬Ƴеĵǣڰοˣ֪ҸܣҲûжá
ֲǼ޲ȥ˵λɲǺģ֮ϲңҲͰˣû鰮޹ȥҪĸӴĥ
ҿûôɵ
Ұ߼¿ԶȥЦӳͷĻƣһ㣬ҾǾͦ˼ģҲڴ֮⸱ʱĳ

˶٣ָп楻Щ벻
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Ѿͻ˻ɽ
긮ߵҪɽǱߺֻ࣬ҪûǮٽҵٲȻʮֲǺǰеҲ룬ϰʾµĸˮ¯ȼźŵϣ»ձ۳Ͷ˲
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ˣǺ˵һ䣬պô˷ˣôһ·ʲô
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ҡҡͷϵЦδȥ
ϳǸʦݳݵʮȵ極һյ裬ӹ뵽ոͷֿС˵һ䣬ûзЩûһۡƽչ˵ķýŵŵһֻͰ͵С
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üĿЦݣ極üҲǳǳһڲ裬һǼ̫үҽġ
̫ү
Щȣע·ԽԽԾ⼸Ȼ̫үԱдɡ
ۼ۸һ˼ֻ¶ᵱұһһ۶ûʸġû뵽̫үȻʹľУʱҲЩګګԡ
楿ľȣ²յ˵㱧кܴպʲôҲȥ˰׽ʵܺ˵
ǶԼϲС͸Ӻ˵ˣԱ˶ȴ¡
еͷӦá
вղź̫үʱʱԼʵǾ仰ʿ˭
ĻʵҲѰ
һϸ̫үʱѹŵ𾪣Լش֮Щκźַ̾·𱾸ˣԭ˵ĳĬ
в룬Ӧʶĸ
ǸҲûʲôϵЩ꣬Լĸл룬֪ʲôˣģǹúòã
ôѳ˵νʲôˣҲȥΪλˡ
ڹúܺá
мˣѣο
ôˣ楼ȻЦų֡
û¡
лס֣ڵü󣬺Ŷİ⣬ϸذǼպãɲǣе˼С£û˵
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ο롣
ֻǽ̫үǷҲһѣúЩƣȻ̫үҲķӦ긮߲ܣôأδ˶¶Եı飬ôӦǳˣǻ͡
ȥ
ǡ
϶Ҫȥģȥǲμӿƿ
̫Ҫһȫֻбøǿ󡭡뵽⣬սһЩ֡


99 
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ͼСŰʱ, Ҳ˽סζìһЩ, һӾ;۬, ֻϵȴûΪǵǵĹϵ˷ֲãһֲ֪ôݵĸо, Ҫ˵һģǵɻ£
ɻ£
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ں˼ʲô
ǲñ˷֣Ҳ϶Ϊ
˴ˣֻΪ룬ȴΪԼӿǰ֡
һͿҲĵЦ, ҡҡͷ, ס֣Ц׵ĺѣҲ
ɬ, ģǾͺá
¡
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ţָֻ糣Żе֣Щвסָץֻ޳ֺ֣һţ˵
ҴӡҲЩ˼˵ҲǵĹϵ
楣
̧ͷ
ô֪ģ
пϵı飬æģұ֤˵ȥġֺ˵һϵ¡
極Ҳ⴫ҼõƷһ赣ģֻЩ˾Ȼ˵£һʱǾ̾ǺЦβЦòãҾܳһϲƬ
С޶޵ĸ飬Ȼס
ѾͷҲ񣬿޳ʲô£ĵĻлܴ˵֪Σõε
޻ֲϱ¶Լĵģܸܡ
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ӲŮӶԼϲҲվǲһġ
һ룬
ϵЦͻȻЩҲଡһЩ
вô
Цҡҡͷû¡ȴֳ֣һҪơ
Ҳǵһκ׽ⲻú쬡̵ֹķ֪ǻ£ԼγֲǼ尾⼸ҹû˯һ޺þ۱ȫ
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ֻܺߺͻϲ˱Լ
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ǵһο˯ա
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ҪȥǱ߿۾ͽƼڵϣ¬ȻյòУƫƫҪˡԲѡ
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ɲǡ
ǰ˵ѬһȥֶûУ˵йŮһؼҬ︹̵òУȴ¶ߣǱĸ磬ļ˵һ䣬İɣûѧʲô˲ͺì
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ǰ߶Ȼ˼ҲͰһѡ
οҵĸ׻ڳҲЩȥ
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뵽ѾǸԼδƻ֮УĽᣬҪǶȥҲܰæţʡûǸͷپ۸
һ룬ҲûôĬ

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ЦŰֹϣü𣿡
еͷûһԶҳ˼Ƣʣʲô
ǿɶଡȥҰԻƤצǴŹǣк㣬峴ϺҲԣжͷָ䡣
ݵĿ⣬楸Ҫ˵ȴѿڣûЩϣ´ԣòã
ÿһ˵Ļ۾Ҳεˮ⣬ֻûȪУ֫ٺչ
ûڶ𣿡
ЩεԺЦ᲻۸ɿ֣׬һڣ߬ø׼Щͺá
˵
ȻǮѣҹȥЩݳ
ǳìǮּеĿŮЦСҲȥɣͷ䣬ɱ𶳻
һƺͺ쬡Ҫͣȴס֣ĵЦͳ˵֪ģʦҲȥͼž۰ɡ

뿪Żͷ˻Щ˼Ц֣߬
ɽǴǰһҹҸͱŲխֻ谵˵ˬèҲûûˣȻûɿе֣ǣǰߵҵţͷǸ𣿡ӦһԽԽĽŲɿе֡
ûһžͱ˴򿪬ŵȴ룬һˡ
֪С
ǰδ
ˣԭϹŵЦһʧĸɸɾ


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ɫͷӳ, ǰֻֽҲλε䲻Ҳ㹻֪極ģ, ԭһ京Цġ, ˡδ³Ƽһλź˪俴
, δ楣֪˭䡪
λòŮӻˡ֪üԼûƴ˫кŶŨŨͲϲһα, һλİ, Щסˡ
ĺó٣綼ڼһˡųˣͻ˵Ż, Ƽվڻ֪߱еŵ楡
㣿
Ƽ۾һӾͱæ߼楸ǰЦȥ֣üۺЦһЩŮĽ˸߲ҵʵôһˣ
楼ںڰеѿɫŻָ糣ɫջڼ֪ϵĿ⣬תͷͻЦ˵øڽ긮һˡ
ԭ
Խˣֲö˵ԵĶû뵽ټһ긮ȻҲܺţһؼң俴ŸһһģõȫǻĶеĻϲǲҲزסˡ
ľͷ㲻ˡ
ԷûҪûԾ԰ɣ˲ٺóԵġڵƻû極ĸ첲˵һͳˣ̷ҲСȥˣƶҪղŻء
ԭʹڻš
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е׽Ҳ룬֪ϰλܵӣӦã極ӰոǸڻйźûסʵܣλǣ
ҵǧ𡣡вûжӽܡ
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һ룬ǶʱֶּŶæҰæõɡ
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楼ü۽ǺЦ˵𻰵ʱ򻹴ά֪Уԭ˵һ
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һ˶ҼСÿʴ󷽣żЦ
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ѽһ£ͷ
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ȴһ㶼ûӣҾôˣһСʵࡣ
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Ƴ֪ԻһЩһϼĵЦĻȴⲻˣžȵʵӴδ³ǼҶ˭³ģǼӵĸĸ𣿡
֪лδ˵ȴֻǺ棬ЦŸ󣬡кüɩɩƽǹȥʱ³ġ˵꣬ԼȴҲЩԾˣȻﲻԾ˵ЩÿҶüҲ
Ƽϵı飬һЩ
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ǼЩ˲֪ʲôԭ󾹲ˡ룬ƻСŰʲô˵ʲô
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ȻôҴá
⼾֪ȻƷû⣬ҲĺãķҵòУΪŮЩԺ˼ҵϱһ˴ĥһǸʲôڡһ뵽׮£Ǽ֪ٺãҲϣȽ
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һ˸£ǻ߹˿ڣȳԷɡʮȻߵߣӿɻ֣񿴹ʵ𣿡
⻰ҲعʵҪҸȥ
˵žҪȥһѣôˣˡ楱ٷҲƽˣȳԷɡ
пһָۣ糣ˣû˵ֻк֪У磬Էˡ

֪ӦһɫЩΡ
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ŶһȥߵԺӵʱ楣㲻ϲ𣿡
֪һѸ֪˵ģˣˣܵһ֣ᵹҲûͷһ
Ϊʲô
Щ֣楺ͱӦǵһμǣұǸҲǻ˵ġ
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̣ҲТʲôʲô
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101 һ
ҽҹ, ȻҲû˵ơ
楰Ժĵƶϣ˿յԺӣü, , һ˻Ầ𣿡
ţ
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ȣҪͣƫƫ楻۵ĺܣشĻ, ⳯, Ŷ
ϸָŻеţһ죬Ŵ, ƫƫϻ¶һаģѹɤ˵ǰŶҲŶ
нӲӣסΪ֣æͣûС
ֱץסҲûҪ˼ֻǵͷĬһᣬ̧ͷ¶һĵû𣿡
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ҲУûҲ𡭡
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˵Ż˼·ļˡ
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ֲ»ݡ
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ֻǡ
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ʵ
ѹһЩչȥҪ룬Ҳзӵġ
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ϾвһҲñ˴˻ķӡ
εǹⶺʾҪĻǲæģϾʢҪձţԺܿĲ
ҲͦԵġ
ɸոջ˵š÷ˣֱһ󵨵Ļ˵סˡ
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п楺ЦʲôأҵǶУǾһ
ŵͷҲںԼûУհѺպ𣬾ͱ޹ǵŮ¿ϣӲļ壬ǻҹ˻ǵŮרҹĻ꣬ϣǣƫͷջУ治Ҫ𣿡
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ӡ
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ҳȥĻУδָͨͨķ·ʱӺĴϣͷ᲻סֻδȡֵèҲ֪ȻĽűߣΪ꣬ԴһȦĺڰţèűȣӺڷһС
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֪ô, ѯʣһƳҲƼ, ŮĲʶ, ڻ谵, ֻƳǸĹеȴǻҵıסɽƵĵط, , ˭ʶ
λҵıף˵ͺͻλСŮлԼˣǹȥλָĻ顣
ǰҪߵʱ, عҲǸƷԲĺӣÿͿк, Ϊ·;ЩԶ, Ϸ㣬;ȥԵҲһ, ǻϰ˵λӵĺãպǸСŮ޹ȥ϶Ĳ뵽ȻֺͱŮȻΪʲôҪͣˡ
֪ʲôܣһʱȲ˵ҲҶ࿴ֻջĿ⵱ʲô֪
ͣ·ߡ
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һ䣬֪ȻΪֻꣿ
꣡
֪в֪ʲôԥһûȥֻǵ͵˵һ䣬Ȼ֣Z楣ȴҲֱ۾˵Ҳ֣Ҳ֪Լôˣղż楣ǷǳڻˣͷҲˡһỹǴȿڣ£Сһ𳤴Ϊƻ⣬żȻģС㲻Ҫᡣ
Ͱͽһ䡣
ȴЦ˵ʲôˣôŽ͸
ҡ
֪бͲƱ֮ˣôһͨ˵ǲ֪ôˣǷǽ¿⸱æĵСᣬҸûʲôҡ
һ˵һ۷Ứؿ֪УƺԥʲôƲͷ楣ո楪ξľˣֱ楣̲ססˡ
ûŮˣšһУòԷǽĶˣͨɲĪԱ
ϼңֻԼŲԱ
´ʱģƫƫҪ＾֪˵ֻܵͷ楽ͣҺͼżȻģո̫ŻˣҺͼûʲô
˵Żͣһ£ֵһ䣬СѰɣҲң֪ҵ
֪볶Ȼϻۡ
ߣֻǲҲǻԭǣˣƵ׳ԿЩ̰Ķϲ۸֮ˣǿϾƹ֮һѪճ
СݣЦʡ
һҡҡͷûС
ǵˡЦҼǵɽвپأܾܵ⣬ú͵ļϣ
ҡһףƳһۼ֪УҲü˼ⷬ¸һȻ滨Ҳ֪ȥֻһ·ܣҲ֪ܵҲ֪⣬Ĳ֪
ְת֪Уź硭
֪мZˮеһɨȻ˵С㣬ҴСһ𳤴ǵξˡ
ҪǺ楣һҪ˵˵ˡ
楿ǰԹŮֻģǰ֪ʱǾԸģĺ촽һֱߣеѹѹſʵСΣ
ЦеģȴһЦⶼûУģ·ܰɽȥһ㣬ܵ⣬һݶ޺ѣҸıĹͼ˶ϣǣ
ҡ
סˣ֪֪⣬صعܽ˺һΣǲܳ£Լ֪еҲ϶һ
ıʲôģû
ƣʲôûĴܣС㣬ǴκȻ̩񰲣Ҳһ˶ûءҡҡͷ̾˿ֽҪıҵǿԸ뷨ӡ
¼·ҪԼܹһתͷ֪У硭
֪дҡҡ׹ĹâĬһ˲Ǻ˵С㣬û񹤹ҲûʶˣһȸҸסĵطհͻؼҰɡ
ؼ֮һȥּҺ˵¡
¸Ҫڣȴξû˺Ƣ͵ȥ˵ʲôݣھӣ֪У˵˲Σ
ҡ֪üԥǲұȥ峤ܲ޸ˡ
治֪˵֪滹ʲôˣۿмɰգ
֪ʵһɰնûУ˵Ҳּҵ˽£Ҹĸ֮ý֮ԣιܣҲֻΪʱ֣̼ѣֻܾ취
֪У㲻ǾѵҲ㻹δޡ
ЩµʱûΪ뿼ǹ֪ôˣɽİƼŮˣǻô룿ֻô˵ڿο÷ʱ֮У
֪е谵ҰһƬ
̧ͷ楣ſ˵ȴһֶ˵ȷˡ
ǴСʳû뵽￴޵úģʲôˡ
楿⸱ģҲúǷϻֱ˵ô£ǵ£Ҳȥ֮Ҿͻͻ˵ǱߣԼô˵
ĳǺãⲻɡ˵俴һۣתߣ벽ûͣ
֪п뿪׷ȥȴץסӡ
硭µڻ谵ȼ֪лҪҰףиʢ˻֣̿ȴϷĻˣס֪еӣ뿪磬㣬㲻Ҫҡ
֪عͷһ楣һ£ԥһԽԽԶ楣Ǵ£˵ȥջգҺһȥ
˵žһߡ
˵ģæ˼ʣ磬λСĻ߻᲻Ӱĸ飿
֪гĬһ˲Ȼ˵˻ᣬͿ϶ᡣ
ȻֻмZ֮ԵȻ極ƢԣǿοģҺ벻µģֻεȷҿǲܣǸǸ
ҲҺýֻƼҪǱˣˡȻȥ֮Ҿͻ˵һƽ⣬֪£϶ҡ
һ⻰ĸӾˣǰΰˣµֶ߬ȭͷ
ܣܾ
ҪˣֻҪ֪У


103 һ
С㡣
, ̴ӳԯ󣬼˾Ȼ, ü, ԥ, ѹɤʣλӡ
Ҳһ, Ƽ֪ⷬ, ϸһɫûУû˵ʲôֻյ, ͷʦܡ
ΪҲ֪
Ȼ֪¹ϵʲôæ˵ͷ, ֤ġ
楼ҲͲٶ˵, 
̣ʵ, ϵȴʮѿһƣַüģһŸô¡֪δ򣬱£Զ˵Զ㣬ǰۡ
Ϊһ, δ޻ͷͱŮ¡
ŲǺĻʲô˭˵͵ίģΪҪԼദһ, ָԵȨûУŵҸһӵĻм棿
±Ǳģ֪ǸԼ׻ԩǸ춯ص顣
Ƕģ
أ
뵽, ֱóĬǸɵѾͷֻ±ٲˣٲҲֻԼҧ¿ñ˵Լ
뵽⡣
̾˿
һ·ɽȥΪ˼£δСȿ쵽ɽʱͷС㣬СУ
ԣͷȻƼеӰڲԶ
ҲĶפͷƼ極ѵϺܿһĨЦ
ʦȻȥ˵ȥ
ֻҪͻ˵֪е£ȻûжӦһ뿪
ôˣмЩ֣־캮ضȰ楻ȥʦȴѾ뿪ˣҲֻվߣ磬·ûбˣֶŶץסȡůһ䣬߰ɣǿȥ
Ǵǰ楱ץס֣϶Ҫģȴû飬Ҳûߣֻ˵л˵
ҲĲԾˣԭҪȥĲͣ£ʲô£
ʡ
ԻУȻûѸոƼһһʮ˵ˣ˵󣬻֪еɵװɵһΪȻĹżȻ
ⷬɫҲÿ漾֪˵һ䣬һģơ
û˵꣬ͱˣľܱκֻǱƼǱˣûʲô
ҿǸû뿼ǣҪȻĻ£Ҹոն˵ˣȻˣ
һ˵һͨ˵ֻǿȴһֶû˵ˣôһֶ˵ǲǾСԩλñˣ
нոҵͷҪúú˵˵ˡ
ڻлûôɫѱƽſڣûСҲûԩ磬ҺܸмΪ뿼ǡ
һֲ˵ȻЩȴѲǰǰˣɫҲࡣ
ղ˵ô´㣬Ӳġʵʵ˵üҪֺһͷЦȥü˵ҸոҲ⣬˴Сӡ
Ǹºһ𳤴ÿռǱֻŰοˡ
һ⻰üҪȴԵ˳һ䣬յȷԡ
һ£Ҳ÷
ǿܰķ࣬ɼ֪ȴѡһõ·޼ɵҲǼ֪еԼûвĶԴ
ȱһôá
еⷬûʧǿɢȥ࣬ٿڵʱҲƽˣԭͲǶôŭˣֻǽΪżˡ
ƽ֮ٿڣ˵ȴ£Ǹ²״򷢵ˣһգͼ֪оͲкý
Ůˣһȼ֪иˣҪȻͻһֱвʣȻĻһЩ¡ǰ޸ܰϼ֪У˭֪λΣ
˵׮ˣû˵ڡ
ǻУ·𿴶е˼ָ̧˸ͷ˵ģǱû취ŮˣҲ޹ȥ
ĸֻǵ޿Żǰ붨ĵ¡
ѳˣƽǼ֪һŮ˶̸ֺһõδܷİ뽻
ǰʵᣬҲûֿһӦݣҲ֪ãûһ˿ɣͷ·ƶ˵ÿһ仰˷ġ
һ·ڴ˿û˵ʲôֻǳ˵˵ͷ
ǰºֱӴŰ˼ң˼֪ԼЩ˵á񡭡ţܱá
߰ɣؼҡ
££ϵĶ񣬸ոòû䣬һǶݶҪˡ
м㣬ҲһЩЦ֣һԸߴαӻûϮ˵ؼҡ
·ϡ
ǳˣ
еͷûȥһִǱߣϴƼȥңһûл
֪̩Ȼû˵ʲô̩Ȼ̩ȻȻֻһ֪أĳɼɱɽÿˡ
ɽռĸĹ⣬ôڽ긮̫ƽ֪ʲôɼûҲһʮ̩꣬Ȼʵʵһһӡ߳ĳɼ
ƫԶɽľݣλִٰܲտޣ˴εΣԾŵĿʼ
кֻǳպȥ˳ҲԮ
ֻһ׮¡
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ׯµ۱ѺΣЩǰׯߵýĴ󳼶ҹ£ֻߵ˻̩Ȼڹгµۿˡׯ衣
ϧ
ŭ
ׯջһҲûʲôýһ谲ǣһҲڸ󱻷ط˸ĸ٣ǼĳңʹԶ谲ǵ˵˲ٳ¡µ۾͸ƵģĶ˷ӱһв֮ʿܵѹȣ³˵ϳҲһϻ磬̩ȻһڲԸκ˥ܵĴ˳׸
ûã˾Ҫȥˡ
ǰǣЩҲҪˣλׯСû̫ϣĵ;
ЩǺǰһ
ƼĿ⣬Цʣôˣ
楰˼ѹĵףסе֣ҡҡͷЦû¡
ЩҲûá

ҹ
ڼ͵ùţ̷Ժȴ̲סڿҲ֪кͼ֪˵ûôģ
ºͼ֪лûֳʲô£ҲûʧĵزƼ֪˵ûûˡŮˣ
ҵúܣƽպܿܽ⿪ľվͳٳûܽ⿪
̷°СϿ˰ˣ̧ͷƼһ˼㱵極ӡ
ôˣ楻عЦһ䡣
㻹ôˣһ϶Ѿöˣ̷Ʋ˵ƲƲС졣
Ҳ֪Լ״̬ԣֻܷ¾ͷǸҽûʲô˼ȥҰɡ
̷Ʋֺܲ˵ܺӣҲ楽״̬ˣɵĵ㣬û°ɣЦҡҡͷҪ˵ڴͻȻ죬Ŵһİ˵֪סѳˣ
䡣
ƤȻһҲͻȻúܿ졣
ĵúܱ߼ھӶֿţͰҲˣѹѹֹվ˵һ䡰ȥ̧ͷȥ


104 
楳ȥʱ, ͷվ˲ˡ
Ƿսû˯ʱ䣬, Ƿ׷׿⿴, ҵҲѾ, ǻУûüҪʲôƼ߹楡
ȥ˵楳ڡ
еͷ, ûз, ӣ
ǸСˣһ·Ͳͷ, ڻҪȥ˵ǲƳ楿˫۾, , һûУҲ֪, ͻȻһ仰˵ˣֻܸŽȥ
ʲô£
ͼ֪ҲˣվԺ￴ǡ
û˵ֻؿһۼ֪УƤȻйŲС, Ҽ֪ʲô£
СҲ˭Ǽ֪, Ӿˣ˵ջãסǵλС, ˭󣬿ҹȥ
ʲô
֪ԭվڻߣ⻰̴ߵСǰŵôˣʲôˣ
ԭ⻰ҲЩǣ֪¶ŵı飬ЩһƣʹǲҲû˵ʲôֻĬĬ˹վڼ֪еߣС˵

СЩԥ뷴ȥҲ֪˵ҹȥʱƦå㱻ۡ
ʲô
֪ɫҰףҲŻһ¡
磡
æַסĸ첲
֪бסվӣȴС˵Ǿ仰ɫ԰ףૣУҵȥ£ܹ黹Ż룬һƫͷȥ˵룬£ڵȥһˡ
Ҫ˵ɼ֪˵껰ʹȥ΢΢ſĺ촽δ³һ֣˾Ѿųȥˡ
ʧǰˣͻȻһܡ
֪ԼСֽˣȥģҲûֻ˵һȥҲܰæġû뵽һֻû˵˾Ѿ뿪ˡ
ҲС⻰ˣ³ˣô¶࣬𾪹һ¾ɣö˶˵ģôڽˣ
˼ǧƳϵѹʧ񣬰˼ѹĵףס֡
ֱܵϵȣع̧ͷ¶˸Цʾ£ֻЦ̫ǳת˲š
򴽿Ҳû˵ʲôСҪߣſ˿ڣλС磬ͷ¡
Сפ㣬Ϊ極òֻΪ̫ǿңСû취òͷ̬һ䣬ʲô𣿡
òʵС磬С٣
ûССҡͷ
楺촽ɿ֣ӺɰóһӵݸĿ˵ͷСһţӦ죬ڣȥһջ
ֻ˵ǽ¥ϰǰæ
Сƺ۾Ȼɴˣ¥λϰ弸һҿŵĵٲȻ˵ľ¥ʹˣƽʱ˵˵¥սҲ˵λŮϰ峤޲ɷ
ѵǰŮˣ
ګګ楣ܾûˣؽӹӣӦãߡ
²ԾСߺ󣬻е楡
С֮İɡ楿˵һ䡣
ûй̫ĽӴǰۼŮʹģûͬҲãС֮Ҳաܾ͸Ź졣
ҪȥʻС
еͷһ˹ȥģҰ楺˵Ļţ¾ΣҲñһ˺¹һҡ
楣ҲҪȥ
楿϶Ҫȥ˵ͷ¹ƶˣ˶ĵʱŮ˱á
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˵žߡ
楿뿪ο뼸䣬Ȼ͵˵һɻڣ˵㣬һȥ
롭üȰ
СȴܼᶨӣĿ粽á
Ŀ°ֻͷ̾˿ˣһڼңҲģҪȥȥɡ
ȻкҲѾͼ˵ˣȻʲô£Ҳ֪϶С£ҲûֻСĵ㡣
極ͷͻоͺһ
뿪ӣԶ˻Իĺ촽ʲôû˵ֻ̧ס֡

ջ
ӦŲҲոյǾȻȫˣǾȣʵ׳ʲô£
пһ¥ϣ˵
ǣŻ֣Ƕ˵һ䣬иѸոڸƦå۸ˣͷӦ纰ȥ¡
ӦüҪʲô֤ݶûоȥңǴ룬Ҫѯʱѹɤ˵һ䣬ӦԷԸȥƹݡ¥Щط¡
ʵҲȷ˶Ӹԣ¼ǲԵݣЩƦå۸˹ȻⲻҪҫһͨʺҫĵطǺȾԼŪŮ˵ĵطˡ
Ӧô꣬˵֮ͷĲԾˣҲûж˵ֻǱǰΪĬĵ˵ͷתȥԸ¡
˵Щʱûʲô˵ȴһЩǡ
Сܻ֮
п϶Ķ
᲻̫һЩ黹ûۣѾˡǴǰǾԲ˼ҲãҲգԼͺã˵۹ʲô
ԴӺһ֮ͻȻͲԸЩõһչָˡ᲻ϲԼϲ˾Ȼģʧ
ỹԥôͻ˵ȴסˣվм䣬һǣŲ֪ʲôĻ룬һ־ͱĳסˡ
˵ָֺܴҲ޳ΰ£סֻ֡
ЩȣƫͷȥͼһЦ˰ĵЦݣ·ܿеǻ͵ǣԲʱķʽο
ȥɡ
ԭЩŵ糣ͻȻʵأȵҲɢһĨЦݣɵ飬Ӧá

ȥ¥¥в˶Χۡ
ˡߵһǰţ洫֪еЩɳƣ˭
дˣҡ
ܣ֪ЩȣӦһ¡ѹɤƺڿοŮӣȻͣȴҲᡣ
תͷ߿ȻƼһŲҰ׵С
ȥЪϢžͿˣ֪ƣ¶ǰҪͻ˵Ƽ˻룬룿
ô
ˡֻδ˵ڣͱ˴Ӻ汧סˣ±ס·ûƼΣƼˣˣֱֻ۽ס֪еס˵磬£뿪ҡ
¼ˡ


105 һ
֪ԭҪͻ˵Ļֻʱ˻ȥ, תͷο£ˣ, û뿪, , ¡
ƼҰ׵΢εΣҪ˵, ɻ˽ҹ˾޴Ĵ̼, ڲˣֻȺ
ţһ, ֪£ضġ
ҲȷҪİ
ոʱͲŴȥ, һȰſϻ, 򲻸ٴ̼ˡ
楿ż֪ԣˡߵĻҲûʲôɫ, ֻһڳĬһǲ԰С촽ס
ȥɡ
ʱŭѹĵףתͷָСһӣԸҪ˵Ự
С˱ʹϻۣǮ͸˵, æ, Сľͷţò׵˿ġ
極ͷֿǱһŵһһŮ, ȥ
۵ĶȻͲӦöڴ
ǡ
롣
楲ԼŵֻڸոѱǳָⶼڷŴס
֪ܹ黹ЩǣæӦһɿ¾͸ƵģԽţɿֻ֪ǣ˵ߵһԣȽŸձϣ֪оͺɫ԰׵Ļ͵룬˴̼㡭
楼һɣ϶ҵͶĵòУ˵Ļ֪Уҽô˵ģǲǾ㣬Ҫĵģ
֪ɫһףҡ
ſͣºȻɪɪֺ磬лˣҺ¡
ԭҪ͵Ļֻٴͣ£תͷȥο¡
뿴ļ֪УۿȻˣŷ׵ĴĿעˣʲôû˵楼òУҪȴһֻСסͷ뿴ҡҡͷ˵ˡ
ֻۣס֡
򿴹û
п˿ڣڳ֮侲Ǹ
֪гջصֻ֮ŰοˣͷܰҺСȥҸ
ףҪȥֺҪҲҪˣ磬ǶϳȥҲҪˣѲ楼ʱż֪дСУƵġ
֪оҲοˣ£Ҳˣ㡣
˵תͷˣĿƣܣҪȻȥɣһҾʹȥ
ζ楿ڣбѳʵҪ
֪ȴûзеĲԾε벻ˣȻȥɣҴȥ뿪߻ͻˡ
һǸϲŭɫˣʱż֪еĿҲҲһЩ⣬йŮһң
֪⻰ɫ΢䣬ƺӦɪɪٲȻһͲܰģ
֪Ǻãȴ˿ڣҸոʱ˲졣
˵ʱĿһֱµϣ족ʱ۽͵һԭֻǻɵĴʱѱÿ϶
£
ΪһˣҲǻóȥ
Цֹԭ˼ɣҲȫȻˣŻ֣˵ոѾȥˣغܻܿСһˡ
ס֣˵øء
µӰˣ΢ǲֻ̣һʱǿ϶ҲһʱҵˣǸô죡
ƫƫ楻С㲻֪ɣλִ˺ܿҪȥˣƫƫʱϽĵطֳ£ִЩΥ֮ͽò˶ãϢˣ
нһ仰֮󳹵ױˣȻץס֪еĸ첲˵磬Ҫؼҡ
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ȻСȴɵӣԼҲܲ˵Ƿʲô˼»ﻰⶼָ㣬ʱЩ޷ٱֳĬˣż֪аοµ龰³Ҫ뿪Ȼƽ㵽ǲǣǲò鵽
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Ӧʲô˼Ŵһ侲ؿż֪Уûкûеֻľǿֻ楺Լֶ֪ж
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°ڼ֪еĻԣ΢΢һ£ȴûɿ
б硪
ְת֪У˵ɻǵҶףɻǵþڲ֮ǰ㻹ұ֤úöңԲί
롭֪ɫһһףɿȴôɿֻεؿŻ룬룬ڳˣҶʱܡ
֪йŮһҲá
ﵱãó£ֳܲܣҴӵӣ˿
ҡ
ЩˣֻĻֲԸ˵Ĺ
ջֻˡ
ֻǡ
Ŀת楣һζŮü²ǲŮ˵ʲô
뿴ļ֪Уĵ׺Ȼӿһ޾ƣʧ³ˣͿ飬£ȡǰѡһͣԸκ鷳ʹԼˡ
ɲ֪ʲôıҲȥˡ
Ƽ飬бֻʣˣҪ˵ȴѳһ
Աߵվ極ԣĿż֪У磬չˡ
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Լѡ
ԭԲ˵£֪н̬ⷬҲ㹻ߵһʲôˣͻȻô׵ķŹ¡
ԭϱӵ£ϱˣҲͲˡ
û뵽Ⱳӡ
˾Ȼģ
ܾŹǣҪü֪һΪᴿƵ÷
С㣬̫ˣ֪жԻụ̂ɶ楣ʵ̲ȥԭҪǸĻֱüº͵ӣǵһεڳһŮˣҲŮˣ裬㲻ҲͰˣȻ
ô
ȴסҪ˵룬ż֪͵裬楶˵ͷǸ֮Եأ
֪üԥشϣⲻܡ
Բ»£¹ڵĴ£ôܻΪʲôҪ˵㲻Ϊϲ
硭
˫Ŀʧ촽΢ţ˵ȴԼһֶ˵
ֻһ⡣
⣬ıǸ˵ۺʱı磿
Ϊʲôİ
楿ʧ۾ס֣ż֪еĿ͸ƵģֿһԱǵ£ԹŮǰ伫ˣһһ裡
Ȼ͸һ𣬱ˣ
ͷСϰ壬Ӧ˵л˵
ü£͵СҪǲѡĻҾѡˡ˵žҪתȥţǶµĶҲסҪ


106 
ͻһԭ߿ֹļ֪סˡ
ɰͷȥ, Ŀ΢ͣҲд˲ţɵʱҲԾ, ؿ, Լʼնάŵ÷ΪɳƵʱø, 㡭Ϊʲô
, һ
æתͷ, ۽΢, ҲЩ, ҡ
ͣɷԼȻһֶⲻˡֻм֪һˣȻзӺƭ֪һƭ, ¶һģ, ʲô˵ˣлԼһ֪׵ŮˣŮ˾ǰ, Ȼκ˵ǰᱻճԭͣ
к޼ˣ
ԭһжŵúܺ, ֪, ҲĻ͵һ, ٺһؼҡ
ûףǸ϶Ȣ
Ƥӣضü˸һ˵, Ǽ˲ϣȥѰһƣԲȵġ
ĺܺãû뵽ȻŮ˸ƻˣ
Ů˵ʲôˣ
ôﶼ
ֺգǰ֪ԼŵĿ⣬в֪룬ֻܼ滨ؿ硭
ͷСû極һ䣬ϰ壿
楸Ҫ˵п˿ڣȥ˵ɡ
СҲûʵҲֻ貶£Ҫ洫ȥҲ²УҲûҪˡ
ĿͻߣǣŻϣſǶŮڣС˵˵ɣ㶼ʲô
ԣһǰĿ𽥱÷ļ֪У˵ƫƫ極ĻӰΣ˦Ƶ͸ĶĤû취װ
˵Ҿֻˡ
һӾͱסʹ楺޵Ҳ˺Ǹʱ򣬲ʧ˼֪еλ׶棬Ǹ̫һҪƸӲҪˡмһڷգָ߬ҧϣңԵݡ
Ŷ
ϣһ񶾵ƯŮˣһ߰ӣһߺϾƫͷʣôݵģ
̫ˣǱŭۣתͷŭ楣˫ڵĸһģһûУֱӣֻܲżͷ
ҹ֣
ʲôЦԭɢ˱ö޵һЦԼ»׼˵ˣ£֪֪δޣصܵݳϷԼʲô⣬浱˲֪
±˵ɫҰףƼ֪Խڳֻôˣ硭
ǰÿ鶼ܵõ˵ϧվԼߡ
Ρȴô
ǸƶغѴлعˣٶȿһȴûǰϧֻǳĬؿû極ļڽʡ
¼оȻԼ֪ʧȥЧ¸һֻţǰȥ֪еӣ֪ȴ·֪һ㣬һ
ӴлµԽ԰
硭
кŲţһЩۿɼĺ£ȴϷĺˣ¼֪ҲϹˣ֪жˣô죿˵ȴǿɣС㣬˵һΣ㲻˵Ҿȥˡ
ǰǲԼļ֪Уͱ˵ԼĬĻ룬¾յϣѡҪȥˣֻֿһۼ֪С
֪ԳĬӦ
﷢Ĵջǵͷ˵ͨƦåԼһЩۼܻؿջСȥ紫
ˡ
֪˵ʲôĸܣǰľȻƽΪʲô
ΪʲôҪô
ǲ޸ˣҲ̣Լ֪һŮ˶жҪ
̧ˮбۿż֪УҧסЩ԰׵촽ж˼ְֱֺޡ
楰Ѱõӵݸ룬⻰ֻЦż֪е˵Ȼ֪Ů˶жҪЩɲΪǸˡ
Ϊʲô֪пü
楿ϲεɻ󣬸ǾÿЦʱ򶼲֪˵֪̫滹̫滹Ǵûйϵܿ죬Ҳûϵһ׾ӵĻԶףһŮˣתʲôȥ룿
ȻΪ㡣һһ䣬ߺ䣬ȴ
ң
֪Ŀ¶磬ˣʲôϵ
ӣүλС㹲һҴһϣ˻ô룿ϹżڽЦ˵ĻȴǳĿż֪УɫףƴͣҺСһ𳤴ÿ
أ
˵ȴǻ롣
極ݸӣһ궼ûԡ
ϣŲԶǶŮ˶׾ʶˣϵǳʵǰҲûÿȥң¶˵඼ǺͱйصĻǻȻò־ԼˣһֱŲ˵Ҳκˡ
ɽգȴˡ
ż֪УƽȻûжֻǺһʼ֪У粻ᵽڶû˼ɣ
ҡ
֪һԵ¡
硭
ºˮ۾ﺬŶϣ
Ŀ⣬֪дǰҲʱµпǻֻöԸĳݣĻ뷨񡭡һƲͷʱѹ˲ˣ󲽳ȥ˽ͣ룬ǰĲ֪֪˼ҾԲᡭ

ʣ֪Уõ𣿡
֪Ȼ
Ӱθֽץĸ첲˵Ļ𣬡磬㲻ܶҲܣֻˣҲңңֻȥˣ
һȻ뵽ոսʱŴҪȥΣʹѾ֪ոֻϷѰͬٴηû취ȥ
ȥѰ
ΪˣһӶİ
ϵԥڵ¶ڻǰԭƽķ·Ʋ˺ü£ٴη޾ʹڷǸҲЩղס˵ϡ
һʱ˲ȥ֪УæͷŲ԰׵Լҡҡ׹ӣæס֣Ǻˣ룡
㣬ǻؼҰɡ
ס極֣Ѿٹˣֻؼҡ
ƽ˴ʱ極־оʹ楷·ֻصǰ뵹Ѫнֺ˵ɩɩҪؼңؼңһؼҡ
һᣬ楿ߵŮʼյͷʼˣſҪؼҡ
ãǻؼҡ
æŻʱѹ˲ʰԹŮˣط
ɼ֪ô뿪뻹ᣬҪǲĵ׺Ȼһֻš˦£ʹڵҲ˲ϣǰֻס벻뿪
룬ߣҽ͡
ȥ֣ȴһ˦
Ů˱ŭ
иӣҪ˦ȥˣ񵱳ΡͶŻǰ˶ﶼʶ
֪бƵýŲ
磡
¼΢Σɫ΢䣬æӵܹסŵû°ɣ
ԹŮ楸վǰŻ룬תͷͼ֪֪У֮ǰ㲻֪һʲôˣ㱻ƭҹҵǸɵģ֪һʲôˣȻѶϣ
ˣʲôʸȢ룿
ʲô
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Ϊ㡪
ǰԲ˵ʲôŻ
Ҫɢǣ
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¡
ıһбõǸµĵܵǷ˴ҪҲԼϡ
ʲô
ͷ·ңۿţ޴ǰĶ˷ŭߵ㣬ƺҪֻ̻۾Ƴʱֲ˼£Ȼֱðû
˦µ֣߱˵룬ģһģñ˴ǣǻǰòã
뿪ңòã
˵ǰƵģַڻͷɻذһ˶ص極
㡭
֪пĶ΢ͣǴ㵣һĨˣƲţŻķૣң
Ҳˣɫ΢䣬ҲЩ㵣Ҳû뵽ԼĶڵȷԸԱ磬ֻ極ĸ첲ߴ٣㣬߰ɡ
á
ףֿһۼ֪кͲԶ£Ҳֻһɨ·Լ۾ܿջˣţŻ뿪ͻȻִ֪еУǲߣ
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ƤǲʲôͷƼ֪гչĸ첲˾Ƿˣۿ졭ʱٶȻ極һͷǰƿ˵
ǱƵһԣײϲŷԾתͷƼ֪Ҳһ
磡
һӦȥ極ǰ

ֻü˵һ䣬̧첲ȥеʹȴû£֪еһƺߣ̧ͷƼһֻ޳ĸ첲ͷ
ץż֪չĸ첲һʵ֪зʹƺҲûᣬֻǵͷһۣû°ɣ
ɼܹģ֮Ųزסĵǡ
ҲǹС
ҡҡͷЩƣƺûӦֻ૵û¡
м㣬кԽŨ̧ͷ֪еʱԭйебֻʣµ֮ɫذ˦˵ϣ˷ʹƺߣ֪Уѵ㡣


107 һ
֪еڵ, Ϊ͵淢ײ۵šüŸ첲﷢͵͵ʹеԹҲɢ𽥾£, ȷӦԼʲô, ֱòҰ
ҡ
дţ·û뵽ԼȻ, , , Ҳ֪, ңû˺˭
̧ͷ
, һ򴽲롭뿴Ҳû, ֻ極, ŵ㣬û°ɣ
û¡
ʱֱ, תͷοһ䡣
̲, 極ϸһ, ֵȷûʲô⣬˿ҪΪ, ھһӡ極ַ£תͷԾɵڵϵļ֪ԼƺΪ֮ǰıʴڼ𾪻δع¡
¡
Ǳ̬ȽҲ޿֡
롭
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뿪ңòã
ԺҲˣòã
ⷬеʧȴԽŨˣͷż֪Уڿˣ磬Ҵûв¡
֪£ЩûӦֻ૵㡭
ΪʲôҪ뿪ң
仰Ȼû˵ȴˣĬؿ˵ϰ˵ķ࣬ɱ磬ȴѡһͬʱ˺Ů˵
Ѿȥм֪еˡ
ֻǾúۣ۵ٹ£ջڼ֪ϵĿ⣬תͷУ磬ǻȥɡ
пһۣڣ¡
֪˵磬Ļʱհɡ
һƽէľףһӰм˶סˣҲΪȵؿһۻУû뵽оȻôϣʱ˵һ
תͷȥߵĻ룬ƺҲסˡ
楼΢ź촽ƺҪ˵ʲôֻǵͷʲôû˵Ĭ˵
ܡ
֪еɴ۾ţں˵ʲô
ȴǸƽӣδΪ֪е㶺Ͳ޶ʲô仯ֻǿ˵ʹ磬Ƿܸһƽõδ統Ӧһһǡ
Ȼû
ҡ
֪͡
ȴû͵Ļᣬո˵Ķԣ˵ķ࣬ȴѡһ˺˵ķӡǶֹûģͲЭ
ңֻ֪ɫȻãȻ⣬ѵһҲд𣿡
Ȼ޴ڰ˵ʱҹ񷨺һһŴ˻ô˵ֿĺǲܳеģ
һζݵĺģֻẦ˱ҲԼпż֪ޱ飬ͫڣ촽͸¶ϡȼ֪лҪС꣬ȴҪ࣬磬֮£ȫģֲκˡ
ԾڴˣԸ˵ֻҸڸڿһ䷿ҲλС㣬գһǻȥ˵꣬ûٿֻһ䣬ҹˣЩЪϢ
ջĿ⣬楣߰ɡ
極ͷӦãǣŻֺͻ뿪⡣
֪мҪߣ䣬޷ˣֻĿŻӰ룡
顣
Ų΢٣Ҳֻͣһ˲ܿͳĬ򴽣̧ųȥˡ

ʵΧŲˣȻСǰ浲ţû˿ҲססĿ˿ţΣ۷׷ס
楸ոճʱ͸˶ñУᱻ׿
Լûʲô
ʱ򻹱סˡ
Ӳԡ
ο˵ֲǡ
Ӧˣ¥ʱûƼӦǵӰһ䡣
šеͷԭҿɫ̫£Ȼȥˡ
һˣ㡭
ˡ
ЦŽӹġ
極ľͷˣ²δͣĿȴʱ˿ȥ侲ȻͱúƽĿҲ˹Ȼʲôʱûʧ
ֻ롪
ƳһߵŮΪñڸǵԵʣƼȻҲ޷֪ʱΡ
еǣתͷŻУ˼֣ô죿
пˣҲһ۵ͷĻ룬Ĭһ˲˵ȥ˵
極ͷû˵
ͷһֱڽţһ˳˿æӭû°ɣ
û¡
ˣõˡ
⺢ϹʲôһһûλӵӰü˵ʲôһֱ˵ְʵĻ˻ȥֻͷ
á
зԼҲ̽˽ȥ
ܿ졣
͸

ջ¥
֪лſڵϣ󿪵ţĿ֪ͣʲô
µǻعˡ
֪лڵϣæ˹ȥǵ磬Ŷ٣֪в϶ôҲ޷һ֡
ۼոȥС߽ææ
СովվͷĻȻȫˣû뵽Լղһ˾ȻȫŮԵݳģո浣Ҫ£ӱޣʱˤһӡ
ûŮˣھȻҪʹô
СֱŮ˵Ļ
бȥƹ
Ů˸ҳȥ𣿸ոշﶯôͷ˹Ҳòˣ˵ƹŮģŮˣҪǽ鷢ǿջָǮҲˣ͵úǰ˸ϳȥˣ
һ˸ۣȻվſڣҲȥż֪˵ոλӸ㿪˼䷿ԿҾͷˡ
ڽһ㶼˵ûٴˣֱת뿪
㣡¼̬ȣõҪ׷ȥո¶ȥƼ¥в˳߿۷׷ɫһףæ˻ҲǸСˡ
ȴסš
ЩԭͶװģȻҲûڲأعͷŷּ֪оȻѾվˡ
ϵķ߿һɨ̻һ˵飬磬ˣ㡭ܹȥǰƵסĸ첲ȴֻ֪в
лµɫȻͱˡ
תż֪öԿףͷҲߡ磡ĵһֻţ׷ȥȴſڴ֪վס
䣬´δİ
̱ŵͣȽŲૺˣ硭
֪ȴûлͷֻǿ¥ķûϤӰˣ뵽ոջеĻԼһδ˵뿪ӰͻȻӿһ޾ʹǹʹһӵ֫ٺֻܵضڵϡ
ȴƳһӳ
Ǳ˵ǸˣҧǹܱˣŸ˵һ䣬չˡӸеԼ˵ָۣ԰ȥ
ʼգûк˵һ仰
磡
¿뿪Ӱ׷ȥȴӵſڡ
ֱ׳ſڣϵģﻹЪϢɣҪǳˣͶߣɾֻЩүһˣ
ԼҲжŮˣƻ˼ͥŮˡ
еĲǺöŮҲǣ
ڼ֪ǰˣˣûƢˣǰڲαװһձ楽ҴĿڼ֪ǱʧȥΣҲһɻδܿ죬˾ͳڵļ֪Ϥһ붼ûĻͻȻһͷۡ
ȻΪŮģ
λС˵ûдȷ䲻롭


108 
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ѹʱ, Ƚ긮Ǳ߷֣ϼûʲôҹԽɽԽǼž, ԭͷһЩ, ʻɽҰСֻкХķԼ֪ɽϴĻХˡ
谸ϵһյ͵ƣճһ谵ĳᡣ
ԱߵĺС¯Ϸһ, ֻǾʱȼ, µ̿, ͷĲҲѾˡ
˶ûò˼, Ҳν
һֱߵŮԴ, ֻժ˶ñȻһֱͷ˵ƽʱƵʲô˵ȴЩ֪ô, ֻýż»еĽ, ʹɫ˵
ԭǴ˼ٺ˵ģż, һ˲ҲͿ˿, , ɹң
ԭԼеŮ⻰Ũܵĳһ, ̧ͷЩã磬, ˵ʲôΪʲôҪ㡣
û˼ȡͱĻԼп˵ɹң
⻰־ҵزһ£ĬһſڣҲָ磬֪ʲôΪҺá
бͲó˵ЩֱóĬ
ֻ̧֣ͷ
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˵ֱó楿ųĬĻ룬ʵ룬ϲ֪𣿡˵ʱһֱߵŮ¶ãһ䣬ΪлԼףԼϲ𣿡
⻰ȴѻסˣû˼⡣
ĸ׸µʱʮ겻һǲ֪µͣȻĸ׺ߴ׮£ҲûйķӦǸʱδƺ̫İֻ֪ĸ˵ԺñչպҪĻǻ֣ΪʲôԼ׸磬ȴҪչԺ
Сĸô˵ô
𽥳֪֮ԭδ򲻽չԼˣԺҪһŮˡ
֪ϵ֮Աͱòһˣ࣬ʱ˵̧ͷֱϲЩãʣϲʲôģ
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һ£ڻǰԼϲʱϲжԣһЩڶŪΪڸԼеϲ񡭡Ҳ֪һ֮ô룿᲻ЩʱûȥУǼŻ˵ͷĻ۴ʲôֻҪڣĿ᲻ϡ
ϲ𣿡楿Ż룬һ顣
ҡãˣ˫Ŀʧ񣬵ૣҲ֪ΪԼϲģΪ˱֮⣬δ޸κˣ˵ȻЩȷˡ
楼㣬򴽣ʣڻ޸𣿡
⻰΢̧ͷȥ楣Ƽ˫еʱֵͷ˫΢΢£ȭͷϥϣڻ谵֮УǰҪȷҲ֪
ᣬǱͷХһǣ᲻š
֪ԼպҪ޸磬ҾһֱδķҴû֮ʲôʹҲϲܺ˵£ҲûҪֿڡ˶٣øˣͻȻ֪ô
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룬᲻ȥ˺һ˿һ뵽ǰĽԼ֪ӵѶϡԥһջûѡüȥοƭѪܵʵ˺Ӱڵǰ̧ͷ
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û㣬ԼҪͣŮҲģ۳ǰʲô㽣ȼ޹ȥٻҶһ²۵Ļ˵ɷ򲻺ã˵źദǻỹС棬żЩ˵ЩʵȻϲΪʲôֿ
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á
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죬ллˡ
ʹܰ£ȴҲڱ׾֪࣬ôοûа楣治֪ôûƼºͼ֪У뻹ڹһ뵽ϡͿ޹ȥеҲһ¡
ͷϡϡһ⣬極սȻ·һ˵һ䣬ʱҶϲɹҵġ
ҪȻΪʲôԴ֮ڰݼŵͿʼûأ
ҲʼԽԽá
էȻ仰£ȷӦЦż⣬˫ϰԵعĲϣ˵ĺһںϣŻЦǰСŮѽ
ҪúöңҪȻ춼Ź㡣
˫ַ⻰Ҳ¶һЦ⣬ͷһЮǣ˵㣬ú
Ķʲô
楱һˣæס죬һ˺ü
оһֱ۾ЦҲ΢΢ţ˵šǸ㡱Сˣһ㣬뵽ʱ·ƶ˵ľУ˱ֽһЩһģͷ˵ûؼˣСŮ
*
ȵա
ʱ򣬻Ѿȥˣʰһº͵˵һȥ˸ڡ

ջǰ
վԣһǷһҹδ˯ļ֪ԼಽȻҲûô˯õ£ֻǵɨһ۱ջĿ⿪˿ڣ߰ɡ
һ
֪пɫĻУ֪һȥҪʲôɫ԰ף촽΢ţ˼»ǵͷû£ֱߵڵȥˡ
¿ŴʼδԼļ֪У˵ʲôָۣҧҧҲæͷ˺

λɽļңǵ˿Ҳռһ˼ңټסһ𣬳ȥѾ޵ĹʣµļСнʮˡ
ҵĳѾ˴̡
˵ҵģҲǼ֪еɩԼδá
̫̫ʱҲʮֶרƣµĹأ׼ּңȺӶסÿֶܵõϱϱŮһٲҲҳ
Ἶ̫̫û𴲣սŵҵϱϾѾǰˣϴõˮصع𴲵ġ
Ҳ㲻϶฻˼ңѾ벻𣬵ÿ컹ҪźϴͷͳЩټ̫̫һǰûﱲʱɼ̫̫ĶϱŮźﱲͱϱŮ
ĻǼҵЩϱ
λ̫̫ͷҪȥǵš
Ҫ˵˼ңһ˼ҿ϶ǲԸŮ޽ģҵƫƫöĿҲ񻹳һλֱ׼ٵļ֪Уνһ˵õȮ죬Ҫͷ֪浱˹٣Щ˼ȻҲֵһȣҲ˵Щ˼֪Ҳʲô˼ңһԸŮ͡

ﴫ̫̫ĿһݣһĸȻͶˮȥˡ
ϼ޵ͼ֪ͬͬĸֵܣἾ̫̫˷̴ϴһ䣬Ļû
ǣ
ϵͷˣĸ绹ڻҡ
̫̫һոµĽ£׵ͷ̳ɸ٣ЩټϷƵİĨֻĨ˼ֻһЩưˣһ⻰Щ˵üҲ֪ôƫƫϲǸѾͷȻԼŮڼ̫̫ԣŮһյ͸ֵʲôˣҪи鲻ڣŮҲ¡
̾˿߰ɣȥԷ
ҲֻǸ㣬٣ԺҲ帣
ϾǸô꣬ӶôҪûʲô⣬û취һ룬ǸѾͷǼңԺǸﲻշ
һ룬ﵹǺܶˣŶԹҲûôˣģ̧֣æ˳ȥ
üѾںţҲĲˡ
ҵǶѾԹǳȥ񹤾ǳȥ̽׷ˣڳ˼СҲͼҵŮΧһλƫҵλãžҪ˸󼸷ֵľǼ֪еϡ
Ϊ˸ϢĶӣĵü̫̫ƽʱЩ沶ϱģҲЩָʹ
Ϊ֪ȥ̽δ飬ϯⲻ˵¡
ϱͲϲ룬СԺ϶ӣҪǣ׮»ǸСڴǰûʹ˼ֱӸ֪жġ
ǸСӱûʲôû뵽˻Ҫ֪У͸ˡ
֪лؼ˵£һͬ⣬֪ҪٵģԺŹŮȢģôȢСѾͷ
ƫƫ֪оϲǸѾͷ
ϱΪ˷еЦʱ
ǲҿڣЩͿ˳ˣˣʹ˸ɫЦ˵˵ѾͷТҲˣȹ˼ǣɩӣɾܱˡ
ϼ޵Ǽ̫̫Ĵӣﱲģƫƫ沶ӡŮȴûС
Ҫ˳ȢޣСǸȢޣ⼸ϵĲˡ˵ҲЦԼΪ޽ҳٳӶ̫̫ϲԼȻҲˣȴûаòԵĵطҪˣ̫̫ŹϷŽˡ

ĸ
ոջֵòеһȺ˿̫̫ȫվϹϾ밲
̫̫˷ϣŲ̲ؿڣɡ
һȺ˷׷
ȴǲģǸսŵϱ÷̼̫̫ţϯ䣬һȺ˵û˵֪У˵ּҡ
ּǸŮҲ֪ܵȥˣ˵һû
ɲǣּǶ϶켱ˣ˵ǸҲ˹˵Ҫ³ʲô¾ҪǮ
̰ǵǮҪ˼޹ȥںˣҪʲô£ͷùĻǣҿ˵ˣǸλ֪ػЩϵء
Ҳϲ£ܾѾͷ֪ܲУҲǸʲôöһ⻰Ҳ͸ųһܵͷ²ŹˣưŴ¶ڽı飬ûˡ
ԼҲŮˣ˵˼ҵŮͰ㶼üɻ䡣
۷׷ס
վڼ̫̫ȴûв⣬ЩѿʵܳȥʱҹĸȥǻûҲһ˵ɴʱⷬȴȥĸ˰ɣ
˵һ䣬뵽Ϻͼ̫̫ΪˣҪȥĸʲô£ûùӳԣ
뵽⡣
ɫԽ԰ףͷտڲԡ

ﻹ˵µ£ͷͻȻһĸ˵Ѿͷȥˣѽ㣬ϵô£


109 
ĸ, Щ˾Ҳˣһ¾Ȼôˣ󻰣һʼð, Ұ֮ĸû¸ɾϲ˼ҵ֡
ĸǻ, ⻹Ǹ֣
һȺ˶ʱЩסˣ׷쳤ͷ, ǰͣ, ͷҰȫס, Ʋֹֻģû
̫̫ʵҲ, ԳǸݵˣһ᲻¶ɡԼϱϱŮǶŲͷ, ֱ֮ҲزסĿӣû¸ˣйȥѣ
һ⻰, ︹ż̫̫һŲȽײ, ҪΣͷʱʲôѻɫҲԼʲô;ҪǸ, ǲ, һҲҪѡ
Ҳֻ͵͵̰ˡ
˼, ͷԷͷȴԽԽ, 㣡ǲ㣡ĸ˵Ȼ˵Ҫ, Ҿ֪ﲻ⣬Ҵ⣡
̫̫ͷøֵɫԽԽѿ뷢˳ȥ˵䣬Ҫ˵ȥԼ˵ǰҡ
û˵ͷµ
򼾴ˣûϵ
ʱŷĬӸǾڵ϶üⱲСŮ̧ͷ¶ЩãȻı飬˵ļǴ绹ǡĸ簡
ոջֵ̨һ⻰ɫʱͱˡ
Ȼ֪ˣ
ּǸСϲ֪С
Ҫˣ
֪ôּһˣ
һһףϳˣͼ̫̫˵һʱ䶼ûУȥȴסˣǼ̫̫ȻعͬҲٲǰĳȣӣ˰ȥ
⻰ŷӦ׷Ӧͷܡ
죬ҹùǣ֪е£̫̫ԼҲסˣԸϣҲҪȥ

ϸܵͷƼĸֲסĴ֪У֪о͸ɵƵģվԭأȲҲ˵͵ͷһζʱһҲƵģȥĸ˴
ƽʱҲ̫̫һԳԺҪټ̫̫ˣƽʱ˶̧°͡
˵˴ˣ˵ýԼݣڣһȥĸͷһýȥﻹסҪˣȻҴҶӣ
Ҵ潸
ָԭһΧۣԼӱҲȥɽļ˷׷װס˿ԭͶּ࣬ܿ˾ͱǸƷˡ
ȼ̫̫ʱ򣬳ǼԶѹּ˴򣬶֪ԴվԭأƺδӦ
ƼԼıϲץ۾ǰӡ̫̫ӶʼڷˣⱦӣС˵ˣ˵أھȻּǸ۴ҪŭԶһĸ
̧ͷ
̫̫£ȻǻС
СУôˣ̫̫ӦҲ˲ȥּˣѿɫ¶˸Ц־ͷԼ￴Ųﲻһ⡣
ڼ̫̫ԡ
õԺܵ٣پ帣ԼʹֻǸգУķҲ֪С˵˾䡰㿴ЦˡȻתͷȥѵˣˣס֣
˻ûвģ֪ܵǰۿȥϵƣ֪Уû°ɣɵô˴Ҳ죬￴۲۰
༾ҽòǰΧڼ֪οţȥдк
ּҶϻŴӵվﰥϰϽлţǰ˴һһ飬òѿ
ԶļˣȻη弾˶࣬뵽Լ˭ץµǰҪ˵̫̫ǹ£Ǽ޹ʧһϣһ֣ϻôˣҪǲһ˵ǿɾֻȥˣ

°æܱ٣ҪǱ٣ɾʲôûˡ
ָһ⻰Ů޵ǻ˼ûվҪӭˣѾͷܵһϲӰڻү˲˵ˡ
ҲҪѼˮ
ϾڴأҪǸҰһ𣬹ǸҲҶʲô
̫̫⻰۳Ǳ߿һۣϲϻ¶ȫɫĺۼһһӦǼ֪ʲôȻԼƷԶغϲ룬ϵмĹܵסԼ֪ҪּǸСһ£׼ʲô
֪Ǳ߿ȥȴɵͷĬԱߵĻɫѵһ˿Ц⡭
һʱҲûи׼ȷĴ𰸣ҪʣҲʣΪղǷ˵Χۣھвڶָָ㣬̫̫һҪˣһ㿪˿ڣȻȥô¡
ô£϶Ӹ˲֪ܵ£ĸ
һ⻰ҪȥŤ򣬡ٸ˵һ飡
˵˵Ҫ£ǻ˵ˣĸҲ
ˣ
̫̫أɫѿˣּҶ˵˵ˣҲôǣ
ĸޣ˵ȴеָ˻ȥ
ָż̫̫˵УǾ͵ֹ̫̫ˣҪ̫̫Ҳû취֣Ҿֻ峤Ǳˡ˵ָ꣬Ҳ˼ɫжѿĿʼż֪еߣߣﻹڲס۵Ǯ֪Ӧð͹ȥ
ֵԶȥ
ǰȴַǷϷĿϷοʵοʡоһ·˵صİˣԹۣ
ǰֻǲϲ˵̰ĮҲûһ棬񡪡
ȻЩңҿû޹Һһзֵ磬ҪȻǸӣ֪ô
ˣȽȥ̫̫һӣѵЩͷۡ
Լﻹ⡣
ǰܰѺõһչָпģδֻ¶ӴЦ˵СУҽȥ
ǡ
Ӧż̫̫˽ȥ
Ȼصü䣬ҵϱѾ˲裬̫̫һ۱Ϲػοȴһ㷴Ӧûеļ֪У֪ҲûãֻתͷʻУСУ֪ʲô£
һ㣬вδش𣬶ǿһۼ֪Уſ̫̫ñ˵ɡ
̫̫ƽձˣ˭Υве̬ȣȴֶɵֻüŴͰЦ˵Ϊʲô
ԡ
дͳһݴɫĸ
⡭
ýһḾ£ִսһֵۣⲻĵܵĸ𣿡
ǡ
̫̫ҽմΪûĸ
Ȼˡ
㿴ңҿ㣬˵
ϱڸ֪вҩһ⻰תŻüʲô˼
λļ̫̫ŷ飬⻰Ҳͣ˶ŻУϵЦһʧȴ¶˸ЦУ²Цġ
ĸ
кɫƽҿЦ
̫̫һЦˣͣڷϣַŵԱߵĲ輸ϣյȲĶƽԼ飬ô걻ܲ˱ķ軹ûȾͰѲյؿ˲輸ϣͻжӡ
ˮĽ
Ƶһӵ˶һ
ȴԭǸģģһûС
Ǽ̫̫ɫѿʵΪʲôԼи²⣬ϵˣ֪еĳĬͻȻ֡ѵ֪ʲô
ñƼ
ҪǾǲˡ
᲻£ֻֻشЦͻ˵СУҿųģ»Զģ˵ͽⲻðɣȪ֪Ҳᰲĵġ
Ȫֻ֪ᰲġ
еʹ˵ĻҲ˾ÿ̱˵˹֣ĸҵĸ䣬ĸҽտ϶Ҫûȥ
̫̫Ŵû˵
ȴİָŻģΪ֪У˭Ȣ֪Ժ޲ȥŷҪ֪Ȣ
Ҳ֪ƢТ˳ҪȻ
û˵꣬Ƽһ˫ڵ۳
˫ķûһ˿ģ·ܰ˵ĻȥֵϿһ˫ۣʱǱһֻεĴס˵ˣĲӶ̲סˡ
ӣһ˾˻صϣΪˤȥ
Ҫ˼ʱסҪˤڵˡ
ϱ˷ס첲ȣŻع񣬷ӦԼȻΪһ㶪ߣ㣬ʲôȴֺ»˫۾ֱӣֻܻͷͼ̫̫˵㿴ʲôӣ
̫̫û˵
һֱ˵ļ֪ͻȻվˡ
ᣬ˶һ˵ĻУ˭û塣
֪Уˣ
Ͽ֪վˣҲ˲һеˡ
̫̫Ҳ˿ʳڵĵһȴǣ֪У⵽ô£ǲּǸŮˣھºĲһܱס¡
ӵ˶ż֪У֪ȴ˭Ҳûֻǵͷ˵ҶԲ룬ġ
˵ͻȻͷܡ
֪Уʲôȥһ
̫̫ҲⷬΪסˣ¼֪г£æŲ谸ԸˣȥţһӵŮķԸæż֪ͷܣɼ֪̫ܵ죬Ǹ׷ϡ
֪У
ĵܣ
ĸ磬ܣҪʲôȥ

һҲ޷ֹ֪뿪Ĳܿ죬ǾͿ˼֪УҲһŸڻǷݰ֡
֪УʲôƼˣ㲻Ҫǵ˼ȡԼɣɵӣʱȡԼ˻ô룿
УȡҲʱȡ
ƾʲô˵ȢȢ˵ֿͷֿҲͬ⣡
̫̫ԶԶ⻰Ҫ̱ϣż֪ȥҲ֪ôˣӾֻŷְһŲϵ֪Уǿã
ϲã
֪⻰ŲȻһ¡
ͷݴͷÿһǵá̧ͷһˣԱԼ׵Ŀ캰ػĸ֮ев
Ȼúۡ
֪ĸӱȽרϣҲ֪ĸײϲ룬ͬȢ벻ΪܵԵʣаϲġ
Ӻֹɣദˣ϶ϲġ
Ҳ統ùŵǰ㣬һӱ룬۸
ڣͻȻԼ˻ɣ
ܱºתΪһŮģԺĸĸ׵ѹһ
֪
֪뵽⣬촽µҲȭǷݸȴҶһ˿²СĻ
ĸĸ׻˵ɩɩҲȰ
ȴûˣŴһȥ
ܡ
ƣһҹδ˯ԵʣҲΪӴҪʹʧ
ŻУ˵Բҹ˹ùúΣҲãҶԲ롭ʵ໰˵ԼĵǸ˵úöģԴ֪ԼҪȢֹ֮һ޸δ֪ϲ˶ĵطгһܽʹ뿪⣬ǸʱǷסͿʲôʲôˡ
һӿĵġ
ѾûʲôˣԺĿĻ䶼޹ˡ
Ửգ˴ĸϣҲһ˿һѵǡڻǰеĸ˳ȥ߰ɣԺ󡭡ҺлŮޣɡ


110 
Щ, ԭΪһ˻ѣû뵽Ŀ䵽ǰ˵ϣͷͷɢ, ûյ, ҲƲϵı顣
ֻܿŴϽһˮ
뵽ô֪꣬еķֺͰ, ջ̾˿, ʲôû˵, ֻǽӹ, ְǷݸɨһ, λλŭǴŴϸˣͷ֣ĸ, ˡ
̫̫Ŵ, ɫѿһ仰û˵
ҲûᣬҪ, Դ֪ɳƵ, 㡣
Ųһ١
ߵļ֪, ˵ͷ
һߡ
Ͽ뿪׷ȥͣ, ż̫̫޵ôˣ֪ںѾͷ˻飬Ժ˻ô˵ҲЦ, ǰ׮ľÿֻͣҪкͼ֪вڣҪͷû¡
Ҫȡ׮£ֿʼˣصģһҪֹ̫̫ӡ
̫̫ѿѼӾôˣԺ帣˾ôһڶۣ˵ʲô£ҪţӲˣ˻С
ڲõ㣬׼ԺڣлǵĸҪ˺ԺҲǳ׶ˡ
ϿŻã˵ûģķѣϵĲյҳȥ᲻ãֻӣ㻹˵ҪǰѾͷõ㣬£
֪У׺ּǸѾͷô£
ôΪ֪еԵѾܾûб̫̫˺ˣʱȻô˵һͨʱ¶ѿϣںȴҲٸղƵĴ޴֣˵£ź˷йԴͷ϶ּǸС£Լ޸ǸͷӣͰ֪еͷϣǸС˰֪кҲȥ˺

֪Ӧô㵵ģϾУĸĸȻרһЩҲûøֵʱ򣬿ɲ֪ǲΪµı仯£ʱûһеֻǼľƽǵĻʻУǲǶҺʧ
нŲһ٣ͷһߵ꣬Ȼֻǹȥһϣƺòɣ࣬ǰֱͦļʱ΢΢ͣԶЦҲһ̶ˮ
̾˿ûлشĻǷʵԼʧ𣿡
֪У
²ͣԭأܿǰ
ʧ
Ȼʧˡ
˵ЩʲôãʧЦһɳЦżŨʹ࣬ϵıǱȿ޻Ҫѿû˵£ֻ鷳ܻȥ֮Һ˵һԲ𡣡
á
λС㣬ҲͷܰҴһǸգķˡǸζǲԼȻ¡
Ȼֲͷ
ԼܺͲʡ
һֿ۸ڣԺô죿
֪˵ʲô֪еĴһֱߣеİҲһЩûȥһᴦģȻȥɡ
пĬһ˲ܾñ࣬£ޱ仯֡
ֻϣ
ȻϲһѶϵΪ˴ͷҲǼٵģʹҲԾԸףպһ˳
ûٶ˵ֻ֮ǰļ򣬶㲻һ

֪оվԭĿԶȥȵƲˣתݡ
һ˶ڿ̫̫̳ʵ֪У׳ʲô£ּǸѾͷôˣ
Ҳżץĸ첲ʣ԰˵ǲǸС˵ĵ
֪еͷϣ̧ͷ۲Զļ̫̫˵ȴҪĴ𰸣ƽƽЩ죬ǲǲϲȢҺȡԼӦÿĲǡ
ΪⷬͻȻÿ¡
̫̫һ⻰ɫʱѿ¡ŴѵƵѵ뵽ԼıӣֻԼţԼ÷ϣϢҲʮּ١
Ҳסˣƺ˵ıӣǸһֱºǫĳӡ
Ҫڣʹһ󼱴ٵĽŲĸ˽캰أһץż֪ҪģҼҪΪи̣Ҿ
֪дɫƽû˵
ϵһݣ˲ٺͼ֪˵üĸʲô˼ôˣ
ô£ҼײǽˣҪҸֵļʱûˣĸڵؿǣ·ץʲôҪİѱۿһһӵˣȻż֪оҪߡ
ʲôײǽ
һȺ˾̫̫ҲǲںּѾͷҪ֪г˾Ժôƿô٣
죬ȥ˻
˸Ҫȥ֪ȴͻȻͷ˦ĸĸ첲ĸץͷߣһʱδˤ˵ϣ㶵ؿż֪С
ٶĸˣҲסˡ
֪ɽһ˵ģƽʱ·ˤǰ˷һЩϸòǻؼҡ
ɴʱվǸ˳һ޴ǰеֻй쵽˺µĮƽ
ǻֻ˶ҪΪǼ֪ˡ
֪û˵Ĵ㵺𾪣ֻǴۿĸˣͿ˿ڣ˵Ϸˡ޸ңԣֻҵ檡
㣬˵ʲôĸӦ̼㵱ʲôŮ檣
㲻֪𣿡֪
ĸ˵ɫһ䣬ĿҲЩ㣬ҧ˵֪ʲô
֪м֪ϷҲֻǾÿЦ֪ҲνҾ仰Ҫ޾ͼޣ޾ȥ١
ȴһ㶼ںҪʲô
ĸԭΪЮס֪㣬һʱҲЩ֪˵ʲôˣΣӵܣǲ¶ӵ˵㣬ǵţ²ôģ
֪п뿪ӰջĿ⣬ҲûﻹһˣתԼȥ
ߺ˲ŷӦ
ĸ磬ĸ磬ôˣôͻȻôİЩµرԼĸף˵
Ҳһŵı顣
ֻм̫̫üż֪뿪ӰɫЩ

ʱּҡ
ĸһ·Сܵµķ䣬ָվĸת󣬵۾ʣôһˣ֪Сأ
Щأ
ڴϣոײǽȻƺɶͷѪҲЩԺ̳ʵأ
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Сһ䣬Ȼü򵥣еҲС
Ǳ߷һӣͷһķıԼ鼮ϣȫڱʼϣմϸСһһźãԱߵϴʳʢŸɾˮԱߣһ߷ܣʽıڷţһ߰һŰ˸ߵĲС
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üûҲȥŵֻ֣ǰһֻе죬ֻǻδһè


112 
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113 
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楲֪ġ


114 

ôվ⣿
ж, վҲţü΢ո𣿡
û, Ŀȴһֱ׷Ż, Ķ߷·𻹻̷Ƹո˵Ļջ˸, ϿҲ״̬, ¿γŵʱ㶼Ҫˤ, ǶΪˡ
˵ǱʲôǸϢģô˵Լѵʽ»صߣ
֪Щ, Ӧùúʹɡ뿿٣ΪֻܱӦеǺ, ҹƣҲǸʱݵľٶˡ
ովȻԴȥ٩
極ľ͸һƵģ߹ȥվֻסҲıϡ
иհˮϾͱ˱ס, ƫͷ, ôˣ˵תַĶͷü, ﲻ
ͷ, һŹеģ, ˼ѹĵףЦ, ûҾˡ
⻰Ȼֺһ¡
Ҳû˵ʲô, ֻǽһɾӵͷֶֻزţԴһ㣬ȲƼµüԼղŻƣ˺úЪϢģû뵽
̧ḧ£ëƵģȥúЪϢٰҹˡ
á
һ㶼ûԥӦˡ
вؿһۣܾԵףͷɫҲû˵ֻͷȥԷɡ

ʱ
ңĸҲ˵
̷ỹû̷ֳȥˣǷ˵Ҳûʲô⡣ĸһʢŸõĲˣһ˵ôð楶СЩڹעˡ
ǰͲͷ£¥ȥˡ楿ûù
˵
ѹɤǲϲСа
ϲСʲô𣿡ȥѼҳԷ˵ƣỹûгѹԼĺ룬΢죬СжһӣѧϰֳȣͰһ䣿
ĸ⸱ģüǲ٣Ҫǰ楺Сһ𣬵ȷͦġ
ƢãûѹţԭһŲ̫ദңһ£ԺҲôˡ極׻ûˣ˼ҼҲá
΢⻰ҡҡͷԼʵˣ㰡ϹģСǸعز極ֳȣһʲô£
̷Ƹսôһ䣬뵽Ϧҹŵ֣뵽ղŴͻȻĬˡҪ֪Щ£ƾͲ˵Ļˡ
硣
Ҫ֪ͻһˣơ뵽֮ͥƢԣСС̷ƷǳԼǳе˺öܰ
*
ӹúܿ졣
ûվͿ쵽ԪˣЩӣ楼ָĲ˾ͼʼ¥ؼһߵֱԪǰҹɽһ˴ɽǱߵϢ˵³˼֪еϡ
Ϣˡ
Ȼ֪СŮǸֽԼ£û뵽̶̼գ˾ˡһʱ䣬˵ʲôĶС
Ȼ˵֪кµĲá
ɽƽʱܿʲôżҪΪһЩëƤ³һؼʱ̻һ¶ģ֪֪£һ˷׷
ʲôʲô˵ôż檣϶˿£˵´ҪǿԹŮɨǸϳȥ

֪ҹˡ
մӾ¥ʹ׿˵£趼Ⱦȥ˸ڻңΪǸӿ϶ҪΪˣû뵽Ҫǿࡣ
ȥҵʱѾԹˣüŮ죬楽Цˡ
ΪһеģеĶ£һ߸裬һ˵˾䣬ձͬȥˣû
վ֪нҪŵˣʱȻͷ˵֪ȥɫ糣δжٰˣȴŲ¶ķˡĻҲȥʣѵǵ˼ѹ£ֻЦ˵һ׮£Ԫڣһȥɣһûߵĵƻء
ԭ͸Լˡ
Ҳİһڼ˵ĵƻ֣вٻһͦȤġ
ԭȥġ
ʵûб濴ôȻ
ֻ֪ߵЩΪѾˣôΪģ
ҲԸ⣬ȥҲİһ⡭ԪôõӣɲϣΪ͸档
ջǵ˵ͷЦӦá
楼Ӧ£ŵıһЩüҲǡ
£ҡҡͷãһһ̫˷ʱˣҺ͸һȥɡ
룬ҲС
лڣҲʲô£ͷҲУھ¥ǡ

ա
ȴûкͻһš
нһͱ˺ˣԭ֮ӻ룬̫鷳Ҳ̫ˣԼȥɽӣϤĸϳʦ˽ˣȥֵĵطٿûж
һ·ϣû뵽յϣиӰ˹
ȻôһˣһæˣӦһģҪͱ˱ס˫ȣͷû¡
һװ磬ͷҲˣڵϱŻȣµ룬＾ɡ
㣬ʲô
뱻һ˺ֱαȣӣסĵطҪ࣬Ҳ࣬ȻƼ⸱棬ԭϼһȺȫ˹ָָ㡭ԭǸߵӣͻȻʹżҲ֪ô졣
˰æȥȻİˡ
²֪ʲôɺۿ޵룬㣬֪ңɼ޹ģҹȥ＾磬ˡ
Ѿˣ
ģ绹ϲ㣬ֻҪԸ⣬С

۽˳㰴ĸķԸҶԪڵû뵽δɽƼԶһƬֳǰֵˣɨһ۱ջˡ
ĿȴڿӰʱסˡ
ôѾͷ
۲֪ʲôֻǿһḾȣһѲӡſţӢһ³˸ͷ̤Ǳ߹ȥ
Ⱥĵֿ
Ӹ¿İŮˣгָˣȶյĺ绹Ҫ䣬û𣿷ſ


115 
û뵽, û뵽¾Ȼ˵Ļ
С˵ⷬʱʲô飬Իԣֻܵ˾޴衣
Ϊ, еһζ²˷ŭ, Ǽʹűʱûв
ɿ
ΪҲǴǰǸģ, ǱЩͳ
ȴѲú, ɿ, ס˻˫, Ҳûа취ˣҪȻҲ󵽻, ƽΪΪʵŮˣĲУһܴӣҲĿ, ȴСñ˵ϲͳ谮
֪ϲ, ϲΪ˲ԸԼǸļҼ̣ѡ˷
۰ΪԼòϧ, ҲҪָ
Ǹ楡
֪ǸŮ˵ݣ
˵ֻǻҵھ, ȴһһ۰Ż롣
ƾʲôԼıòԼҪĶ, ŮȴɵõϣһУжʺ޲ѣʱҲ˲ˣ
Խܼ֪в, ԽΪ˱檡
һܼ֪ܽоˣ
ԴͻԼûгţ˵żͻıǰˣЩ鶼˺, ⼸գǸ̫źޣźɽȴ֪ơ
˵Ҫٸȥ˺͵Ÿʬɡ
̶һ仰ȴ˶סˡ
˵ˣǸǿӲһӵļ̫̫ҲԼӵ£µöɸ
ǰ󵽼ңڼ̫̫ǰҵţչ˼֪С̫̫Ĭջͬˡ
ûдûбڣһѶûУֻһͷ˼š
˻Ϊ˵֪УԼʹٲҲûôΪ
Ҳġ
Ϊ֪ٺҲڳɻ鵱²̨뵽ǸŶû
ǰվҹ¹ˣҲû
Ҳ
׼֪ıˣҲǴǰǸغлˡ
Ѿû취ˡ
е桢϶ڽŵ²Żһ޸֪еĻᣬôܾѾôˣֻҪ֪ʲôã
һӵ檣ͷ¹ĵǸҲԣ
ֻҪ֪ܹúʹǰһ
޸˾ΪɽЩ˲һгһռ֪ҲúЩһǷϡ£ôıô࣬ԼһӶ⸶ȥΪʲô
Խ˻롣
룬룬ʹӦңӦȥȰȰúǰһֻҪܺҪʲôԣ¾͸Ƶģ֪ңѾˣ㲻⣬ٸͷòã
˵ͻȻɿ֣ſ˺üĵöͷðѪ˲½ץסѡѪˮͷǰŮˣôҶԣֻҪȥȰ˵磡
ҲⷬŪסˣû뵽¾Ȼһ
ɲԶָָȴع
Щʲôֻ֪ǿ¸¹ͷͷ·µǸˣողΪ²һʧӰ١
Щ
СĽû취ʲôֻܼŴ֣
ȴ·֪ӣԽԽɵɿ޵ø޲ЩһŻ뿪м˱ĶˣŻָָ㣬˵һЩĻ¾ò˵ʱͻȻһ㣬Ȼһ磬һݣոתƼһ̵ıԼһֻͷ

һ
㲻˵س˸̧㣬ŵɫҰ̱ڵϣס°ڵҲ˳ɿˡ
ҲΪ̧ⷬͷƥ
磿

һ˳̧ͷȻ̾ϵۣһ޺£βޣ˵緢Щ۷׷׵˿ưٳˡ
ȴ˺Сӣ
ۿϲֵѵüƽܵͷǰӣû뵽Ц
еָ£
Ԯʱ򿴵һˣȻƢǻһ㣬˹ȥվڳԱߡ
סڻҵӣһȫǻϵģǵתͷȥ
ҲΪǵĴڶð˲٣һȣ̧ȥͷ
˭
ɨ̱ڵϻδ£ʶתͷʻ롣
ԣҧ´˵ұϡ
磿
üϡǵлԼı磬ּ飬һʲô£
ȥ硣
⻰˵ЦЦ
޺ݺ˦һµ棬ͷĳ׷¸ջعͱһһԣ̧ͷͷһţҲ˭ҲʲôԺٸͱҶ㲻
ûж˵࿴һ۶ûС
һֻ޹ؽҪϣ˵㿴룬ôһ⣬أ
ȥˣԭȥһȥƣֻûˣߵ⡭Ļû˵
һҪȥƾûסһ
ԼͶǵã簲źˡҲû˵ʲôӣܿһۣǡÿһ
㣬
ָǸ򣬡
üӲĥĥͳһӳȥȻ룬ȥ
˳ǣԭ֪ÿưСʲôƼôһӣ̹˲ϱģæɰҪȥģ
ĿһеĻ룺
λСҲ̫˷˰ɣһӶˣ͵͵Ƴһۡ
ȥü㶼ûƼеʹϧ㣡
ٲȥǸ˿϶Լȥˡ
ޡ
ԹӦǣ洫۵ȥҡ
ҲûԣӦһ
ƥͬʱȥ̱ڵϵֱ뿪ŻعͷֻƼĻҳ
־ֺޡ
˭
Ϊʲôܳ˲õ˱

¥
楺ͻ塣
Ѿмˣʼ楻߸ţ˼ֺûôˣ˭һֱҲܸ˰ƺҲʰֵʱʵҪʮӡ
ںദˣҲῪЦˡ
Ȼ
һԼǿĻûסݺĽţ˵ôֱˣ
ţ
ƺ룬Ҫ𣿡
У
ֱȥЦ۾Ļ̵һڡ
˺ôͰı´óġ
ü˵ʲôóġ
ϸ£˰һͶ
ͶĳùɵģˣֱŤбţһᣬͷɫڣ楲üôû˰ɣ
иҪ˵ͷʹһ㣡
ֻǴһЩȡ
楺ͻжһۣ˱˴е֣ոմͿűƿһ⡣
һ׽ԼĻ룬楺ȻȻˡ


116 
һ˵, 楴Ĵ㵺󣬺Цôˣ
Ҳһ̧߽, ۾һֱ, ϸ̽ûг˵ʱʲôԽΪɫ糣ûһ㲻ȻЩ˵Ťͷ, ʹȥô, лһģ, Ҳûк, ɨһ۾ͱͷ
楱ϾǻУݵز˺ֿʼػش, ĸҸƷ
ԣֱһЩĸɺã
۵ͷ, ʵʵ˵, û£ͦġ
Ϊ楲ڼңĸûȥƻ, ǰڽ긮, ұضҪǮһֹ͵Ƶ, ˣҲ, 楣͸ʲôƵģԾ, ĸóţɽֲ֪ܵȥӦˣﵹǴȥˡǸҲǺܻ죬ǳȥ˼Ӧ߳ˡ
֪ĸҪ極ͶֱӰˡ
ҶˣҪԷظүƵģһƨϡ
ԭʹ궫ٳȥƣҲû˵ʲôȥͷˣоͿ˿ڣȥɡ
С
ףĿͻгȥȥĸ첲¥һģ
۸Ҫ˵ȴ˵ʲôƵģæɽġ˵껹Ǳʹ˸ɫҪ˵
üԭҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ²ؼƲͷȥԲ谸ϵĸ㡣
楡
Ȼǲ˻ü˲ԾҲһˣ췢ʲô֪£ҲûֱѯʣЦߵǱߣ˵ļ£ȳԵ㣬ӣܿܳԷˡ
Ϊ˿
Ĳĺ㲻ˡ

ĸڽ¥ţȵҹĻ׽٣ǲ׼ţ֮ǰ楻ȥ̷ᣬ楶ķ칫ƽʱ˹ˣϰ廹
룬Ժȥ˳ﵹǿиᡣ
Ȼ
ǰԸ⡣
ᣬ治һȥ̷ᡣ
̷ЦҡҡͷȥɣСƲڣҾͲȥˡ
ԭ̷ҲҪģڹǻŽԪˣպСһܣµ˷纮ڻڴϺҩ
뵽Լճǰȥ̽ʱСһͰڴץűӣίǵøƻ
뵽⸱龰楲ЩʧЦҡҡͷҲûȰ̷ᣬ˾䣬һͷƻ
Ȼͺͻе˳š
վ¥˶࣬ͷ˸࣬Сȫŵƽʣ׺˻ƣֵĻĲ֣˵Ǳ߲ÿĻƣʨԼʲôȸӭɹõĻʵĽղǺܸȤֻ飬Ҳ˼ֲͬ
ĸҲżŲĲǱߣ·ʲôóԵľһЩ
ûĲ֣к۵Ѿ˲ٶˣõ࡭͵Ͱ˱ƴʲôȣ˶ҲҪб˭õöࡣ
·֤һЩʲô
Ȼˡ
Ĳ֣ͬԭȵ¶極˵ǰĳأȫ̯ͷ׺˸ʽĻƣһ·ȥԿɲգǰƼʨģԼһѴͯͯŮĽη̧ӣվŰɹõŮӣʱʱʹŵĻһЩ꣬ﻹšҴκ˳
ְ
ǰķ֣һɨĵԣ۾ҲһЩĹ⣬ͻСѹʱо춼ҪˣȤºֱܿøˡ
Ϣ
վߵһô;ˣԺȥǵÿۣ
ϰƢ䳰ȷҲ⣬ô˵ۻû˸߲ҵôģжѽ
ۻǵһμˣ⻵Ƣǰǰ޻˵ֱԴ죬ͻȻĻ룬۾ĬãڻһЩƢתͷĵ˵Լǰľ
һֹ˵ʱʱ۵һ
Ŀһе楣۾Ҳſο
ֻܿ죬еĿοͱ˽ƻͣ²ӣ˳ǣǣеӡ
иҪ˵ͼҡҡͷᣬӿס֣кݺͳЦʲôûԽԽԶЦŻ»еĸ첲˵߰ɣԼȥ档

ۿߵɹñݵĵطŷԾҿûз楺ͻеӰɫһӾͱˡһѶӾҪߡ
뻹֪ʲôֻǿתֵôˣ
ǲˡ
ɫѿҲû룬ȥǡ
˵žҪǰߡ
ʵ˵ӣ͸ԼɣװͰ͵ֲ˵ֻ˵ҲȥΪɹͻȻɹȺͻȻܶҪǰȥĲҲӵˡ
ô࣬һӾͻˣֻƴֳۺСӣ
Ҫȥ楣ͻȻȵһæعͷƼ⸱ΣһʱҲ˲ȥ楣ס˻֣˴Ⱥнȳͬһʱ䣬ȺҲ˾ͱȺУֻһֱǰ
뿴Խѿɫ˺ֶ֮һЩ
ͷǸԲ𰡣㡭
۵ȷˣһģҲ֣ҲǳģҪ־͹Ǹ磡϶楣
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*
Ī˺ڹĻдʱһ̯ǰѡߡ
ɣ楴һѡһûͦɰūߣЦŻͷУ˻еĶô
ϲͺá
楽ףóɰǮ
תҪߴϵʱȴЦҡҡͷҴǸġ˵Ҳ˻зԣż˴ߡ
סпݡ
ص˵ͷվȽŸǸղһ·вŮӰĿݸӣߣƽյҵӺ;ˡ
Ԫ죬δŮһ棬еҲԵԷϣ£ϱؾ
߸дϣʡСŰܸз
ߵĺ̬뵽һ˴ߡ極ûסһЦ
пüЦģʹϰҲûȥ£ֻĿ⺬żεЦȴᣬˣ
極ͷ
ȥǣ֣һ㣬ˣɾҵūˡ
Ҫǣ뿪ȴƼԶĺԣ£վһһŮеӦͣŮġȴЩ


117 
ôˣ
лδƼԶĳ, հ£Լסͼͣ½ŲƼžȵĿ⣬ѭĿ⿴ȥ, ҲƼ˲ԶĻ档
Ӧ͡, 嵶ȻǳѲߵġ
Ÿ첲ŮȴǸ˴, , װȴӺ, ֻδ, ֻⷬҲƳ΢΢ü, ȴӦ͵ѲӦͲ֪˵ʲôӦ͵ɫ𽥱Ƿϣһջ, ͷ, ԭüŮӼģ¶ԥ
ҧŴɫǵؿӦͣջûԥ뿪ˡ
⡭
תͷ, Ϊд, ޷Ƽϵı, ˫ԿȴûС˿⣬·֪㡭Ӧϲ𣿡
ѯʡ
еͷ, ˵ͷǡ
楺ӦཻȻ࣬ȴҲ, żȻ̸ȻӦÿѯô׵ĻʱЦӯӯ˵Ǹءܿ⻰ЦɷֶЩ˼ȢҲµд˵ġ
û뵽
楿Ӧ͵ķü΢ˣҿŮǸ˴硣
⿴ӦͣӦȴûע⵽ǣŮ뿪ѰļҶѾߴӵǰߣһֱĬӰֱƲˣŵͷ˵ѡˡ·뿪ˡ
ûʱȥ
ֻĿӦ뿪極֡ǰһ˵Щһ˼ҵλһְŮӱǻ˼ҵǧ𡣡û˵̫֮£ֻŮӼͻ䣬Ϊ˾ȵ׵ܣֻü޸һŵڲ˼ҡ
˺Ҳ뿪ˡ
̶̼ȴ֪ˡ׮Զ¡
ֻǡ
üҲЩͣȻӦ粻ȡôҲٳλˡ
ʱ·䲻ƾʱǰϿɻĸٺǣضǲк³ġӦΪ죬Ӧͨκǣֺλ˿ްȴλˡ
䲻ʶǸŮӣվŮ˵ĽǶȣǺӦ͹ϵٲʱ̲סЩ١
еķ߿ЩʧЦ
Ұ˵ԼǺˣƵȺ壬ԶһǰάЦ̧ͷʣ֪ζ𣿡
Ȼ
üôҲž¥Щľ¥Ȼʹ¥ζȺ岻ͬƽʱҲûʲôǣֻ֪ζĵҲǸŮˡ
Ůնţ
޵÷ұζǰε㡣Ҳϡ峤
Ϊʲô˵ǰΣΪλڼǰѾˣ˵λŵҵΪ˸㡳ϲŽҡ
Ůңϲ
ѵ
ɫ΢ͷС
δʣ˾Ѿ˵ͷǣոλŮӱζĵҡ
ڵΧȻҲЩˣȴͷǰ˶࣬˱ǣƵڽϣ˶࣬ϵҲӣƫƫϵѹʵұ㶼Щֻ˷绨ѩµλԼ֧ұѼصиλŵҡ
ŮӵұͲףο
̾˿δ˵£ֻ˱֤ģ󰲡ضԽΪ
ԣҲ˵̾˿
˽ܹ֪λŵҹòɣ˾Ů˺۸˾һŮ˵ռӦе棬ʱʱͻ鷳
ˣüˣԪڣĵ㡣̧ḲüĴԡšСɽƽˡ
չü¶˸Ц
֣ɨеü˵ͷ
˼ǰߣż¸գżЩҲûСҪʲô˼·ֻһ㹻ˣߵһ̯ǰѡƵʱһº͵Ůϰ壿
楻ͷ
վŵĺȻλŵҡ
ŵңЩȣΪոջŵ˳󣬸ΪȻк
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ȻӴ߿òͨȴʮܹ϶λ֥Ŀ
Ҫǡ
ӸһϤĸо
Ӧʹʱ򣬺һλ꣬ͦ񣬵ǸСС;һЦģλʹҲܲᡣ
뵽ӦͣĨ˺ȻҲԼˡ˲ع
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£ͻھ¥ʱʦ˵ˣҲЦףո֪
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ֻǡ
ɫԥս㣬ѹɤ˵ˡ䡣
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楻δü˵Ѿšʧǰˣ΢ŵĺ촽±պϣΣתͷŻ˵λŵΪ˲
ν긮ıʤߣɴ긮ǰƴ
ʹ¥ζǰûоϵıУ˻λŵһԼľָ㡣
̾˿
ܾöĺӦùøЩ
ҲֻǿŻ˵߰ɣȥСǡȻûйˡ
и֪ͷá

ǹʱ䳤ˣ֮ǰֵʨɹɢҲѾɢˣӵĳָֻӦе楶ûҵǡ
ǵʱվһ̯ǰ
򻨵ƣ˰ڴҲûҵǮ֪ŷֽӸոնˣüҲû˵ִֻϽ¡壬ҪӸ̯ͱסˡ
ʲôüΪҲ楣鲻ã˵Ҳġ
뻹ЩģֻûջأֻСˡ䣬㣬ûǮ䣬ͼɫˣȻǰǮˣȴû˵ʲôֻǴԼĺɰóһӸ̯˵ɡ
Ƚӹ̯Ǯְ۵ǸƵݸЦ㡣
û̽ӹü
ƺûŮ˵Ǯʵڶˡ
⻨Ҫ極ģǰÿԪڣ͵͵極ķϡյƣԹˡڶݵؾǽ˹
ӹȴֹһֻ
ȣһԼĻҲߣС⡭ҵġƼڳı죬ȥֻͼְĻƻˡ
Ϊʲô˼һɻؿȻ˵Ҹġ
˫ĿԲɣӲˡ
ۿ⸱ɵģƲƲ죬Ǯҽģ´λ㡣°͵ŻƣϢ
˵ƼԶЦǵ楡
Ҳûٸ˵ʲôŻƾͳǱܣںͷĻ뿴ܿӰǾ䡰ûϵġںԭΪûǮһҲֵǮ
ǸӣҪǸ˵϶Ҫˡ
ǱֳĬˣ˵Ĳӹȥ楺ͻָ˺㣬磡
ڰĹĵۣŻϵЦҲЩˣʵĿ𣿡
ģ
ͷ
˵ﻹڵʱ򣬺ͼƽʱڶǴڼٳšϲĶ뿴ıݣƣհƼµĲҲʧˡ
Цͷۣ컹ȥ𣿡
ȥͷҪˡȻǺϲϿΣȻӦĸ楣ǵģĻƵݸȻƳۻУ̧°ͺ˵ģҪúñ棬Ҫ´ȥûƼҾ͡
楻Ļƣüʲô
͡
ոջڵۿȻЩ֪˵ʲôˣֻغˡ㲻׼
楿⸱ɵЦҡҡͷɫԽԽѿŰ֪ˣȻҪؼҾͿȥ쿪ʼúѧ
۳Ĭãջûס²ˡ䣬楣һ߶߶С̫š
˵ʲôü

ۼǲ£ֻЦԶ
£߸ߵβڰջõĻȣԶˣŸת˵С̫ţ
㣡
楰ĶһѷӸоȥ׷ۣСӣҲ㣡š¶ͷܶЩҲˡ㡣
šѶѵ¶СģҲˡЩݣδ˵Ŀȴʼ׷ߵĻ뿴⸱ȴ̲סЦ۾Ҳ


118 
ص¥ѾЩˡ
ȻԪ, ûŵʱ仹ǻϣ»ͷ۱ڳ⣬ص¥ðԭȸĸ׼õĸù, ֽ, ֺ·СЩǵֱӻؼ, ȥĵطˡ
ĸ϶ڵ, ȥƽ, պúȥ̿Ρ
ᵹҲû֮ǰƵ˵߶߶С̫, ϣͷ, Ѹźúֺ˵ҹ㡣еʱ򣬻ǴǰǸưģһ, ں˵˽һ仰, Уú׼ƿҽСû, ɱɽ, Ҫǵȵ֮һ, ϿɾͲÿˡ
г˵ͷǺش, ģһú׼ġ
ǴǰǸŰģ
治׾ôľͷôϲϵġ
Ҳ֪ˣǲɢ, ҼȻϲ㲻Ҳ㲻ʲôˡ̧̧°ͣͼ˴кͲ뿪⡣
Ŀ뿪תͷͻ˵߰ɣҲȥɡ
á
ͺһԡ
̷ЩʱѾȥˣֻʣˣҪ¥ǰ˸֮͡
װκͣڽ¥ſڣһֻǽڷһ£ڸüԴ죬ҲһѸӹŵȣͷƼ楻üЩ⣬غ˴кɰϰ塣˵ĿɨߵһһŮĿڻ϶פһᣬ¿楣лҳϰ壬Ǵؼ𣿡
λʱѡ
楲֪ôУվĽǶȣмֲϲģ˴ʱѯҲֻǵףӦǡ
⵹治ɣԭôõӣһϰȼյء˵һɷüֶ飬·λҪõĺ֪
ʹСҲⷬЩˣССӵǰƽʱߵһСᵹʮֵԼֱ
һͷҪھͺˣӣҪ˸Ҷ϶ֱϱӳһ٣졣
Ȼû˵嶵üȴҲһЩ
ǱŵЩֵü˵֣԰һᣬֱֳһᣬ˿ڣȾƾͽɡ
㣿
ͷʮ־ȡ
Цͷһ£СЩˣʲôû˵ԹԻصߡԵû˵ʲôֻʼվߣһĬػ
¥Ѿ쵽ŵʱˣЩƺ
極»˶ʮ־ȣʡ𣿡
ͷæأƽʦڡ
ףʦЩ¾Ʋ͵÷ְᡣӦǣ¥ߣҲûûе뿪䣬Ÿձ嶵ºϣͿֱӿڣʲôֱ˵ɡ
һЩȵؿ楣ȻְĿת嶣Ʋµʲôº죬û˵
嶵û⣬ֻǿЦüû˵ǿã˼
п嶣תͷ˵Һȥ¥µ㡣
áֱӾܾˣס֣ûаҪڵ˼ĿԿ嶣ǲˣҲûʲôġ
ԭҪȥĲͣ£лͷ極ڵƻӳԽᣬʲôû˵ղĴȴһЩûߣ̧ס֡
嶼㣬ҲûһҪ뿪˼һϣԼһյ裬һڲ㣬ŵϰӦѾ֪ӽ긮Ҫٰ¥
Ҳ£ӹеˮһڣ⻰ȴ鲻Խü
ô£һ˵£ͷһ嶼˵
嶵ҲֱӣĿֱ楣ҶҪ㡣䣬ɫб仯ֻǲüδһ˿š嶶̬ⷬҲ⣬ҲǴСʶǰŮӱͲͬѰŮӡ
侲۶ѵ¶ܴʮǸŮӣ㵽ͨӸ޷Ԧ

ǰʶǸЩһ
嶵Ŀ·ź棬ɫԽ楺ͻУѵˮһ㣬²ؼջأԼ鵽һһʮ˵һ飬Щıƴ˵ҳ㷹һ㣬ϵɫûһ˿ı䣬ߵǴǰǸЦģ
˵ꡣ
ŲյƵغˮ
˼ǣ׿״͵ȡǾ¥׼Ĳףһãǵѿɫ糣
ĵף´
¥ЩˣǺЩѡףҲͱ͸ˣ楽ʱ̱飬˵ʱҲ̫ɡ
˲ã˲ɡ
Լľ¥а
ұ½ղ֪Ҳֻʦƽ£ʦѽ¥ñԼҪǹ¼ҹһ޿ܱ
ƽ
ǰһ㣬Ҳȷ׿⼸ΪҲĿõģͬᱳѡ
ⷬģȷ֤ݡ
ϸָߵ棬ֱӷʣ˵ɣ˭
⻰ȴЦˣ˫һЦЦ楣򴽱ߵˮգ²յ˵ϰ壬˺ɲġ
楿һᣬ˲ҵֲĶں˵ЩֱӰ֪Ķ˵Ҳǰ׼
ԣɫδģֻǿ極ĿһЩ
ߵӣĿҲһֱ極βſ˵һ䣬ǰȣǱࡣ
ǰһѰػؼ˵ֱֱ⧲мܡ
˭ı
ߵ𣿻ԭ棬ȴҲû̫ϡ
ÿɷ
Ƶ嶼ȲҲΣߵȱͣµɲǣڣ֣ƽ
üδڣžͱƿˡ
ƽ̣һվ⣬˫Ŀû͵ĵһ㣬俴嶣Юųŭʵ֪ĳʲôʱˣ˴ܸĳôһ΢С
˵š
ֱӴ󲽿УǴǰǸӣֱͦĿ楣򴽳ңûС
Ȼͷһ䣬ˣ侲㡣
˵ֿ嶣̹ȻӣҺͬҲҵˣƽܺ廹׿׹ᡣ
ƽ⻰ɣֻǿ嶵ĿԾɴŻ嶣üƺЩȻһ㻳ɶûУأԿ楳һЦˣȴĿתƽƮƮһ䣬ǲᣬأ
㲻᲻֪׿һֱڽӽðɣ
ƽȷ֪


119 
лһĵƻ, ƽղưʢŭòҰ⼸ջؼңܻѯһЩ¥£ʱҲӵľ¥ǻȻЩɻ, ɻһӲЩմڼô֪ӵı, Ҳֻڼû¸ɣżȻ˵ʲôȤ±Ҫ
ôСΪһ𳤴
ΪС˽, Щʱпȼ, һ򲻰, ƽҲϰ, ʲôȤ¶˵
ĳĬδ嶰ѻͣ£˴ʱĮȻΪ, һ֧Ŷͷֱһڿһƽʣ˵, ô, Ǹף׳¥׼ĲȡΣ
ͻȻÿ¡
ǳˮʱԪѽѵβ, ҶѾ׼ؼ, ͷֳĵƻиӰƽ, ˵಻ˣһڸԼ
ġ
׿׵Ļ楲Ϊ׿һλҽκĿȼ
֮, ܻѯ׿׵£ദԽñԽϲǸ׿ףȻ겻׼׿
׿صؽӽ, ϲضǻΪá
ƽ뵽⣬ɫԽ԰ף촽ʼ̵Ҳڲסƺ;Ūæֽӹ
һ
лһȴƽ˵ϡ
һһ˶ĿҲ࿴һۣ²ؼջĿ⣬ķ⡣
ʲôü
ƽȴǳĬعţʲô˵ģôû˿˼ضǻ͸¶ġҪ͸¶ȥձիˣû˿׼Իᱻɱôֲ
ңҡ
Խ룬ɫԽѿһ򽾰ʱ΢ͷ̧ˡ
ˣ鲻ǻû楿ƽ˵
ƽǸģǾԼûʱ˭Լ־ĻǸΣô
ȥƽЩƽϥ˵档
δƽȴȵؿһۻУƺû뵽ǡôʱ極ĻҲ󣬡˶¹ʲôӣ
ԥһ˲׻ˡ
ƽ󣬻бҲλʣô
ָ棬һ󹦷󣬺ȻչüЦ̴ôãȻǿֶ顣ͷĻЦУڣ罫ƾͼơ

嶣ӦòҳԵСͷɣ
ԭ°ͿͷԲתͷƼеĽü㡣Ѿ˵ˣҲ楻ύһݲĴ
Ҳû˼
ˡкһ䣬ߡ
嶣о֪ΪκȻһʫ廨ǧãƢ١ʫ嶣ʲôνǧһյƣˣˣվͲ˵ĻˣЩķŵαװֻǡԭ֪֪Ҫ˵£̫࣬㰴˼Ŀȥ
뿪תƽ˵˼䡣
ƽɫ΢䣬ȴʲôû˵˵ͷ
ȥɡ楷˻ԼҲվʰͻؼȥôҲǸա
ҡ
ƽߵӰȻղûжһ˿𣿡
ߵſڣԣŲפ㣬ͷҴӲԼɡ֮ĸıˡƽȴ·һ
ƽɫ΢Լ£򴽣極עµͷҵȷ׿ԲŻӹܽ¥ʱԡ
Ϊ˵Ļ楿϶Ҫϲˣû뵽ŮȴֻƮƮ˵֪
ʲô
ƽ̧ͷסˣô֪
楿⸱ټģЦˣ׿˵ҿˡƽƺʲôɫֱò԰࣬ȴûٶ˵˼ֻ˾䣬ˣҲЩȥ²УҪЩ׼
һǣŻУһŻ볯¥ȥ

ɽ·ϡ
ͷ楼ϣһ·СƵĴ˯
楽ҹѵòÿնҪǰһΣڴ˵ǺЩˣгü΢ѯʣôˣ
׿׵£ҪҪ˵£֣Ҳŵʵܴܲδζڱ¡
ȻҪ˵Цƾ޾ȥ¶Ŀ鷢õ֪Ϊˡϵ£ۼȻһΪ棬˵ƾռá
мǬҲδٶ˵ֻ̧ͷḧƳü
楿еĵȴֻһЦ
ȵɽ
ƻ룬Сһ۾һԵɵʵ𣿡
ˡ
Цͷȥɡ
ޡ
ЩȥЪϢ뿪ȴû̻ؼңŻ˵룬Ȼȥ
֪лҪ˵һҲûʣԹԵͷӦãĻȻ˼ҡ
ôˣп
иҪ㡣ˡ
ЦۣȻйԹԱ۾͸׼õĺɰϵϣнһ£ɫĺɰãͷŵʵʡ
˿ͷˣ۰ɡ
иոȻۣʲôҲܸоĵͷȻƼֻɰһ˫ҲøΪˡ
楿⸱ȴòԣüֵУôһ㾪ϲûУȻҲˣȴ֪һ㣬Ҷü֪ˣ
뵽һܣʣ˵ģ
Ӧòѽ
֮ǰ˵ţܡ
ǡ
аĿӺɰջأʵʵ˵գ¨Ƽˣ巨㲻һҾͲµˡ
ɽգֻɰȷ¨
楶ʱЩĬ
˵˲ڣҪľϲôûˣŻгĬһᣬͻȻ֣һ˭˵ĺɰһҪ㣿ЩСԣոպ׷׷ỹҪȥĺɰ
Ȼߣֻûͱסˡ
ˣߴ˵Ƶɤ
楱ʱùȴǲϾŹߵǰҳء
ֳ֪ɷָЩлǿʵôܲ
楱ǿЦŻȻüɨܣһ˴սһ¡
䣬ȻƼԥ顣
еȷЩƽʱ˽£ôֶԣͷȻҹ׼˭ҪеԥڿʱǱѹȥ
Щˡ
ʲôû˵ֻǣ極ֳһߡ
£ȥģ
ĵط˵һ˵ʵ䣬ֿʵĲҲ֪ģȻٵĸо
ǰϲǿƵĻУֻԼڽڰˣʤ㡣
񡪡
ЩĪϲ
Ҳû˵һŻƣһǣԼҲȥģԹԵԼߡ
в֪ʲôǣ極ֹ˸һεǸǣƽʱ˻⡣
һ·ȵͣ¡
ͷ»δɢȥֻƲڸǣû谵ŵǼֻ䲻ȴҲܹճһԣоͰ極ǽϣҪ楸߳һͷͷճͶϣ޵Ҳ͸¶еġ
ƫƫԣǽͷһΪΪģ
п楣úܿ졣
ȻлƵһΣ뵽ü¶ķ飬ԼߵֺȻһʲôû˵˫ˮ۾һֱߣͻȻеߵס
ūߵס楰Լ˫ǵ۾
УʲôԭСŰȻȫڵ˶ںڰ֮УϲҪȴ˰ǽϡ
𶯡
Ƶɤڶϡ
Դԭڵ۾ԼеĨʧû뵽ֻ¶һĨ촽楣һָ߳ԵȻ
׵Ĵҹ֮Уɾ
еǺͼһʧӰ٣еĿҲ͸룬һߣһ̧ȥָһЩʱһ縧ĺ촽򢡣
˴ںڰ֮УйپͻᱻŴ󣬻ɿ̲סȴЩڴڴҹµĻУͬĻУһָܡ
ƫƫöδȵбĶ
楲ֿ˿ڣС
촽ſͱҧסˣ˵أֻҧ촽Сҵõһ㿪ʼƷںڰʲô̲סҲɷ
йõѧ
ʦȽ̻ȥֽ̻ȡһˣڣʦܳɹʱˡ
ֻһݳɹЩмܲס
ѵˮʼüңԽԽҵУڻʧȥһеĻƵڵϣ΢죬ȴûд˵ǡ
ҹŴ
Ȼ
һ˭˭ģ

ԭ۾ʱָŽŲԽԽԽԽ⣬Ҳ֪ԭ׵Ļаǽϡ
⴦ʱ򣬿ľԼΪ֪ŮѧֹĲϣһҪơ


120 
лûг׷Ӧ, ʹ˰ǽϣҲһƬ룬ƺԾɳԼУûЩ, ֻǿǰ, Щ楣
Щ֣ƺΪθոջһ̲ˮͻȻֱǿ
Щϰˡ
ǰദ, ඼, ոոһ˵Լ, ˵ҹɫƻ, Լ֪Լʲô
ġ
еĸоҲġ
ոѹġ
뵽⡣
еղֱһЩ
ղûп۾ĵӴԼû뵽, ڱţ·ֱ˴ǰʱǸ׺ߵģע£봹۽, ȴ極ͬ˵, ˵ʲôҪҡ
ţ
в˼Ҫ, ȴƼһ谵Ĺ, еѯʶһ˲ʧӰ, һݣһͷǰ楲صԼ
Ҳȷˡ
極˲ص, ʵʵ˸͸ͣȥ
һ
һҲڱˣ, ѵګګȣ
ʧҲڱһƺˣڵλãԼոտĻ棬Ϊ˼յƻЩ΢˴ʱȻޱȣ˫ĿԲɣָˣ˵ý㣬ǡ
ָڷ
ĵǱεòͷҪˡ
ĲǻУˣȥ˸ˣƫƫˣһΪ۰ŮһΪѧֻܿˣһ߶һ߰ѽдպͻơ
楱вһܲ˵ĻЦһ¡ɨǰЩ޴ЩĻУҲ̲סʢЦ⡣
ʵʱ򱻼˷ֲĿǷΧ֮ڡ
ԭȻвμƿٵ˻ؼ׵ģǰ˶ҪЩҲܸһЩȻˣҲûҪˡ˻еķԣ˳ȥԾָǡѽѽͣ˵ǻȥ˵ɡ
ô죿
ȻֻܴӦˡ
ܲһֱ⣬Ǳײɾ鷳ˣ

صҡ
Ȼû˯
ĸ֪ȥѼͣⲻҪ༸ƣѾ̷ܣ̷˯һ죬纮Ѿõòˣֵ楸ĻƣһֱС°͵楻
̷Ƕû˯ȥҹ˸ճ꣬û⡣
ԶԶƼſ極Ӱź̷̸˵վ
㣡
ЦܹȥȴһԼվһĻ硭ȻͻСҲ˽ҹͬգӽԭأ̷ֱס
߽󣬿̷ܿ˿ڣᣬСƣȥ˯
̷Ŀⵣǵؿһ楣˵ͷҲû˵ʲô˸Ȼǣ̷ƻ˷䡣
ôˣĸʲô¶ĺüֿ󣬼СкͰ楲վһȻǰҲûһҹܾϺй˵ĸо
û̫ϣ˵楣楣ʲô£
ʵо仰ûʣôˣСвؼңôˣ뵽⣬ǰЩ˵£һͷĿҲһЩ仯Ѳʲô£ĸﻹ£楿˿ڣϲУһ𡣡
ƮƮһ仰ȴԺӶѻȸ
仰øˣĸȴһ磬ǣ˿ڣǸҽ˵űü䣬һӰҲƳж
һ˵ͷ
λվǰʣǸոա뵽Ǹ棬Щۣʵ˵ڣֻܳ˸ǲһˣ
ĸһ⻰һ
²Ⱒ楴ãϲСУһ£Ҳû
ῴ極ĿⲻҲһЩ𾪡
Ŵû̻ػ
˼˵ȿлУҲȱոҲƼѻаǽˡ⻰ȻҲͲߵˡ
úܺãֻû뵽л
ողűĻдʱȻһ˿ڣǡ
㿪ڵ楣
ӦȥӣǰһˣȴûѡֻǲͷһۣкŰЦûµġ
ĻУ楺ȻЩ֪˵ʲôֻܳĬؿ
ƻ¡
ͦ޳Գ͵ĳȣĿᶨĸ澶ֱȥ
һ򣬲ĸһҲסˡ
ȥ
뵽ʲôź촽û֡
˵˶ŻУֻ˵ϲ楣ҲҪһģǵκиǸ
ǵһ·ûʲôɫ
̹ϣ¹ǰѴԼϣǹӻȻ˲١ǴСųĺӣƷʲôû˵ҸոաûۻôûƼ
ǰ楰
뵽Ǹ棬ͷ۲ѡ
ѧ˵䣬Ůȴǲ˵ˡ
ԭ;ÿǷŮ٣ƽʱҪʲôɵȥԴͳȴ֣ʲôȥֻҪľͺá
Ҳո
ʵ̫ˣ
Ϊ֪ôھ֮УʱҲŹˣͻһڶϵǰĸ˵ǵȷһˡ
о仰˵òԡ
⻰һ⣬ɫ΢䣬Ҫȴƺ֪ʲôЦҪҺһģϲѡһġ
Ҷ˿εĻӳĬˡ
ĸ׵΢΢üڣˣ楣˵ˡ
楿˵Ӧ֪ҵƢԣͲϲЩνĹأϲҪһ𣬾ô򵥡
ԭǴȻнٺ˵ģȻǷˣҲûʲôġ
˵һԵڲ֪ʱݣжҿǵδ
׮£ҿû˵
˵⣬һٲſڣҴǰûɻ顣
ҶԻΣһϲһ𣬵Ȼһһ͵Т˳λ楲εĻöЩѹϷ˹кĸ˵ҵҲ˵Сʱӡ
Խ֪Խۡ
ĸδ˵
Ҳû˵г˺ĸƵϧİ⡣
極Ƴеİ⣬ѹԾЦţЦԽԽã۾ůɫӳ£·ǧǳ
˵˻УʵǰЩȣҪ࣬˵˵ĻʱŰСͷƳ˵ɫЩ
ȴЦˣЦúܿġ
˵ﻹڣö֮ǵעס˻е֡
ƺԾĵʶһ£Ҳֻһ£ͣסˡ楣ɿס֣ж۷ʲô˶һеģ
楿⸱ӣ̲סЦˣ֣תͷŵ˵һϲ
˵仰ʱᣬ񾲾ɫµˮ
ʱǲصǰĸޣõĸúûţƽǰûɵźеĿϣУͻమһ
ڸⷽ棬һֱ㲻Ӯҡ
ϱӣĶҶģΪ䣬ԴһʼжеĿܣⱲӡʵֱҲЩţԼȻгһҲΪһޱģеĵƶӳȥ
ˡ
η
ָо棬񲢲
ǰǸһ㣬˱ҲԼʵ̫ˡ
ȻⱲܻøĸΪβأ
ϲⱲӵԼϲⱲӵҲҪǰϲߵˡ
һεϲԸ⸶жǰ
תͷŻУЦ֣Լĵ˵Ҫ̤һλǱضǺߵˣ˶ԡ
ͻһ֮򵽵Ľ
˻У˶ԡ


121 
極һϯҶϱЩĬ, ֪ԼŮŮһһҲѡһȥ¥Ūɫˡ
¥ĳɼȻȲҶʢʱ, ǰ汲, ˵Ƿǳˡ
ĸ˲ܸɣ𵱳Ĳ޳ɵֲҶ˵ʲôЩ˾°ֱӹˡ
ĸʵû뵽
楾ȻԸҲˡ̹ϡ
˵粻ƾʱŰ, ŮҲ׷Ȩ, ˵ڳ, ŮԼϲ˱ﰮ, ɽ򡭡ʹ뺷ʱĸҲᵱԼĸ棬ǣϲ˵ֶ˵ޡ
ǻ޸, ͦᣬʱʱ۸һ£ɵͷһܵľٶ, ǴξΪԼЩֵɩɩ, Ǳ˿ú
˵Ű崫ͳˣĸҲ֪˵Ŀɿڴ˵
Ƿ֮, ӱʮְ
ǻȻع, 極, ʮָۣĿ⺬, ȣȴҲдˮĶˡ
ǿ極Ĳ˫ᶨηĿ, Ϊע⵽עӣ楲ͷ
ڲڣš
ʹѲǵһ楱İ⣬л޷Ӧе侲࣬ỹڲס飬޾Ļϲ
ôݴʱأ
ּİϤ飬ǰʮ꼸ûģȴΪߵˣʱգÿնƷ
һС
òֹ楣Ҳһ
Ĭֿ˼ˣСϰ侲˼ƽ侲ķ·ûУȴΪ楶ú已̥һ
ΪϲְҲƷ˻ûʧܺһԣˣȴʱ޿̾ԼһУչ˲Լ䲻õΪĴڣΪһ·ֱǰܶܶõȻ˫
ʵǰʮųִ󲨶
Ӧ͵ľ֪һ˻òԼľǱѭ浸أʮûһ仯ɮʲôãԣƽΪһȡΪ͹ˡ

ԺҲȢһͻݵӣӣ˹ྴһӡ
֮ǰġ
֮ǰȫƣÿջûʧȴִ˲ˣٹʲôྴӣܡϲİҲһİ
ڿˣϣºͳϿңϲ楣Ȣҵӣ֪񻹲ãһӵеȫԺҲһ
˸㷢Լİ⡣
λϵҶϵ׻ûٳĬȥĸ楣ϥȥˣˣ˵
˿
ȻǣﻹЩỹһɨһ۾վֻ˵ȥ鷿
ȴҪͻ˵
楱ţһ⻰ЩżˣǰûԼϲ˱˽йȥ˵飬һж׵ʱĸѾˣϺɽΪ裬Ű޳ȥôһе˵ʲô
Ψһпܵģˡ
ǸӣǶֶڡ
Ҫ뿪вֵǣҪڣͼгҡҡͷ֣ǵ飬ϹϾӦһǣֳĸһŸĲ뿪
뿪ĸɽüͷ楣˵ǺЦѹ
Ϊİϲ˲ܵõϲ֮ͬϲеˣȴ־ŮصԼ߲ôһʱ䣬ǼˣǾҪֿˣ
ǸѹѹΪĸҪĲǿԼĺӸˣ
ǸˣҲˡ
Ҳο極ģˣˣСεġһŮѵЩ˼һ˷ãȥϥǣǴһƬ⣬΢΢ü䲻䣿
ҡͷ
ĸǵüҲЩԼ
ˣסĸ̧֣ͷʣ͵ǲǲˣҡʲôšոûʲôԽ˵Խˡ
ӦúСɡ
䣬ĸȴס֣ʵҪСܶ࣬ʱȴ·̲һְĵĸоҺûвˣֻ·ͻȻǶЩŵˡ
ĸºͣʵǰһ˵Се¡
е£
΢ĸЦ˵𣬲ɺҲûȥ⡣
ϲһԭסġ
͵ͬ𣿡СʣᵹǺ֪Щˡ
ĸȻҲƼˣʵͬ⣬Σ
ƽգȻƳĸϷɽգǵĻУǼǹŵҲûαװֻŴԥһ˵ҸлúТ˳͵׿ϵһ죬ţ͵һͬġ
һûסЦ
΢΢һƼĸвزסЦ⣬ǱˣˡЩЦãҲһЩεΣ
ĸЦţ۾ҲỨȥ֣˺ˣˡ
ֺ˵𣬡ҸСУ⺢ȻĸţƷȴû˵ȻһЩҺԺдϢġ
ȻҸҲֻҪã˾ͺˡ
ĸŮ˵Ż
Զ鷿ͻлδʼ졣
ĸŮʲô˵ʦƽһԣҪڵģҲòˣʻУ˵ҪȢ楣ʲôʱȢ
ѧȿȡ֮ʽסп̽ɫС˵ɫʻʱɻһЩ˿
⻰Ȼǲ¶˼˵ģʵҲǵġ
ں˵ʲôʲôûУ̸ֺһõ
˵ȳɼҵǰѾһλᣬϣһܺú׼ƿκ´šղյɤ䵭Ҳָ糣ˡ
йӦǣֲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ˣ׼ҪѹȥΪƷУǰ⺢Сųģ˵ǰҲΪһŮþˣ
ʹѧҲС
˿ڲ裬ǵ˻ˣҹˣȻȥɡ
ȴû˵Եġ
ԣЩʣ־ⲻһʱῴѵԥӦһתŵúûбĽ
¡
ڣ˿æתԾɵͷԹ̬˵
楡
ŲյɫЩԥ͸ӣ˵һǾȱˣ⻰̫ʵˣĵͷ̧ͷԺҪɻ飬ʱ䲻淴еĸ
Ҫǡð楸ⷬ
뵽ŮǸ󵨵ӣЩͷۣžɽһü˵Ͱ極Ļµοƿ˵
˵бŵȴ̰ϳɣȴβסˣӦǡ
⸱ģǻ𵱳ĸɻǰӡ
ýǰδ棬֪ʮԻŮ˵ʮֱ뺷һ㶼ûŮҵǻ֪£ɥ͵͵ܹȥ㿴뺷ԻŮû뵽ôյǾͱͷ߶ˡ
Ǵ͵͵ȥģͷĳǳһ⸱Σˣֻһ޸֮
ǮˣֻҪˡ
ɻûԹԸǮи޵Ů͸ƵĳǣϱżֻɽϻմѪζһǰļ˾üȻǰʼƿڴ
ǻῴǰŮðļˡ
֪ҪȢǸˣ˵ˣշת࣬޲ʱȥźã
˵ҲЦ
Сϲ飬ŮҲᡢЩѧʶźãĸĳȴе档
ȲҲд֣ûᣬҰ³»֮ҹ͸أȴϲˣãҲãá
ѵõϲ꣬ûʧԽԽ
뵽˵ЩշתӣŻϲزסĸˣеᵹȡ
ˡ
ʱպúö飬ʲôľҡ뵽λۣһ䣬˼Я㣬ҲҪúþ˼ңڵȥ͵㶫
˵Ǵǰķθ֮ˡ
Ϊϵǰͬ˵Ҳһҳѵˡ
ȻˣͷӦǡ
ʦ˵˼䣬û뿪
λûͣȴҪųȥʱִСС
פתǹ̬ɫЩ֣˼˵ʲôͼЩݵ˵ƽʱദҪһЩִźá
ЩûӦһ㶡
Ȼع񣬰ɲһЩɫҪڱ˵֪ϲ楣Ҳ֪ƽʱЩɲɰ˵㣡һ뵽Ǹ棬Щͷۣƫƫ⻰ȲöԼ˵ȥ˵ֻԼѧˡ
зӦˣͣ˵ûװǻƣʵҲЩںĻ⡣
гĬһ˲Ǿ˵ˡ
ҪȻԺ楾ͺˡ
ûٿڣǹԹӦǡ


122 
鷿ȥ
ȿһü, ͷûˣ楹ǻطˣϾʵ̫ˣٺ˵ɡͷ, ͿվԺһͩ¡
ҹЩ, 楻һů͵ëվ, ͷ, ƼеӰ, ˿, ʹ󲽳ȥߵǰץסĸ첲, ˱Ƶ²鿴û°ɣ
УŲزסĵǡ
˫ÿҶüҲһֱţ˴ʵҵûΰɣ
п⸱ģ, üһ, ЩʧЦ
ЦʲôЩûؿͷС죬µ, , ȻûƵ, Ц
ҪĻʵ˵ʲô
͵鷿òԶһܿ, ȻӴ󣬺ܶҲûʲôɻ䣬ҹ, ײҲµջУһܱǣŻͷߣſһӰأżͷ˵ҵ˵ʲô
˵ΪѧӦòᷴһǡ
˭֪أ
ϾǰҲû˵Щ˼ҼŮײᣬԹδŮȢԼŮġ
мżҲûѷź˵Ļ˵һ⡭֮ǿŵǳãûвͬ⡣
˵涨޺еѧʶ
ѾǱɿˡ
ˣԭ΢΢ҶüҲи˿Цˣ˫ֿǰĻУ°ͺ˵Ҫú׼ҪȻҵͲ׼Ҽ޸ˡ
˾ͿЦ·ʢ˴ˮͷ´Ʋгˣӳ˺ķУһһΣἫˣá
Ӧ
楿⸱ȵģԭ˵䣬ȻͷһصĿ·˶ʱЩضһۣǻ΢˿ڣȻȥˣŹϺ˵ȥ˯
極ͷҲٺ˵ˣͷߣ˽ŲżͰһϡ
յĴԼԽԽԶĽŲѵЩεҡͷЦ£ָüģԺӿûôˡ
Ƿ̻廹ڶϻơ
ǲǰ֣϶ٲһνգ׼ңǲȢ楡
̾˿ǰ·뵽Ǹȼģٵһ꣬һȢΪˣܹӵˣ

߽ԺӣȻƼüǰһվšû¹ʲô楽ҹѵЩֱ۾һ˸кͺ˵ҹˣȻط
˵ʲôȻֻܵ˵ͷһ
Ŀ楽Ųػݣոջŵʱʹļøղ治ô죡ʹգȥҹĸӳˣ⸱鿴Ű極ķ䣬ǰȥĸ첲Цˣôվͷͷ˷纮ҿɲչ㡣
Сĵô
Ѹղźͻĵĺ˵ˡ
ĸͷѾ˳ȻذѻеԼδŮˣ˵ĸ￴ŮԽԽϲ˵Ǳ⼫˵ĻУͷҲãȻͷСп˹ͷЩҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
⸱άģʱˣغһӵۣ㻹ά
ĸգգۣ⸱ģЩЦҲЦˣҹһͱ˫üˣ͵ϴ˵楺С£ô˵ģ
ɫ΢䣬ĸǺЦŲ֪ˣǻ㲻ǺܿСкͰ𣿡
Ҫ˺úðŸĸ֮ý֮ԣȻ˵ʲô뵽ղ¡ֱп˵
ƫƫĸһֲ磬ˣɱ͹СУԺҪͰ楹һӵģҪΪͷ˵ĸ飬ôʰ㣡
˵Żš˸첲ˡ
ۣ㣡

極ڶһƼԼüϰ˲㣬ƽʱǼҵ㶼ĸģ磬Ҳʱ̷Ҳæɫ磬²ⰢӦûû㣬һ
뵽ϾȻѾ˳Եģӻͷġ
̷ƺ̷ڰĸã楣̷̷¶ȥǣ֣˽˻󣬡㣬ǻһ͹ģϲԵˮСϲļ
ЩɶһطЩҪɽ򵽡
ۣǸɵҲ֪նģǰһæͽˣһæк
ôôԵģЩҲЩȡ
Ҫ˵ȴʹ˸ɫһͣپ˵СһȥģϲͶ֪кȻƾƵϰ߻صظܵżһС̳ӣѾˡ
˵ˣһ䣬ǰȥĸ첲˷λãȴûа˵һ仰ֻ³㣬˾Ͳóˡ
ΪĸĻЩڣŮ㣬ĲҲûˣһֵ⣬ôҰ楻Ǹûϲ˾˵
ˣ㿪ڷ˻ˣҲ³԰ɡ
һ˳㣬楺̷ȥ˽¥·楰ҹ˵Ƿ̷˵һ⣬ɫرЦſο˼䣬ģ鷢ֵ磬Ѿƽ˲˵ͷү֪ҲصƸǵĲ˵ˡ
̷ȴǵģüʣ𣿡
Ͼҵիô꣬ͷҲвԻĳʦ
極һЦģʮκһųȥ˿ޡ̷⻰üԽˣƺõĲΪʲôҪңȴ֮һЦգ֪ˡ
֪ξ¥ɽҲμӡ
˶֪ɽԼ֪ܶһҰ˹⻹ǰؼ֮£ΪТɽϱ˼ҳСˡ
ǻʾԼǰж࣬õ˵ϧöһЩҰˣȴĳҰɽһھֱӿ°ĭ
ǻŻһˡ
ǱŵɫҰףסô죬ǻϧ棬ҲԼǷȻοû£չɽüգʹȫռˣҲû˵ʲô
Ϊ˺¡
أοӣչ˵˺ûãҵ档
Ҳûʲôġ
ʱΪ¾κˣϾһԸͦģôһᣬͽɽĥĥ

ȵ˽¥楱ðƽû̷뿪һȴƽ֣һǷϣ޴ǰǸưģΪ׿ˡ
楶ԣֻмƻеһСؿ
ƽԣԼΪúƭ϶Խܡ
̾˿Ҳûжӿοֻ˵ȻˣǰɡһͣٺչһԵĲյһڣ˵ҲҪȥãֻǱ˺ƭҪ־͹ֺƭˡ
ƽԣ۽͵һƲſ楣ҡ
촽΢ϥ΢£ȴ楺סˣ޵Ůüһˣʲôϰߣ¹򣿡ӣһҪֱ˺ͣȴҲģ
̷ǰ˷οʦûй˼
ƽȻ֪ûйɾΪˣŸӲջصѾˣðĻƣһϲЩС⣬ǰÿθܸˡ
ҹȴɨûɨһۣĸ첲ϣһڸвһ¥¡
ȥһ·֪ϲ˶ãϣ嶵ˣϣûб׿׺ƭʵǡ˵Ķġ
ѹſƺģװ糣˵ˣصȴһҹû˯
ңѾķԸ˵ˡƽ̷ԵͷҲţαҾ뿪¥
˸Ϊ¡
˭ˣ
üǩԼʱ仹ûҲͲߡвյϣ˵֮¥򳤰Ǳ߷չǰȥһȥͷ󡣡
ʲô
ƽסˡ
ȴûж˵˼ԸþȥʦǱߣһ˵ġƽߣ楻ͷƼɫЩ΢̷ᣬᡣ
ˡ
̷еĹâ»ع飬ȴЩģʣ㣬ôˣ
̷˵Ҷûãû˵𣬻ǱҲûС
̷ͷֻţģҲ˵ġ
ǡ
ЦҪŵ˼ҼȻôȻҪ͵˵ģ˼֮һȥҼ¥
ҡ
̷ЩãȻ
ʵǰͰĻţǰڼųޣҲΪ뱨楶ѡڽ¥ԣֻҪҪͻһֱ⡣
ѡȨݸʱͲ֪ôѡˡ
ĸһȥ𣿡ʡ
ҲһſڣҵӦû᲻һŬȰ˵ǺһȥɽԶҪǲһԺһ궼˼档
ϣСҲһ𣬳ܺãҲܴӦȥ
Ѽеĳ˵һĻײĳУܿڽź裬ܿŮβڣܿ緢ƾžƣʿͽ͡
ϣ̷һȥΪϣ̷һֱߡ
Ϊ
ȥɽĵطôģ˲һֱһطǰķ羰
̷ȷǸ򶯣΢΢Ҳֻһ˲𴽣ɽ¥ô죿Ƕˣ¥˭
һЩˡ
һ¥ɡ⼸Ѿòˣʹ楲ڣҲᾡܺõġ
ȷǸ⡣
ĳֲ뷨ȥ̷֣ЦŰ㲻õһ뷨ӽģȥкܳһʱ䣬úĴ㡣
ס
һ̷֣ҪΪκȥǣֻԼô
ͷ
Ц£ɿ֣ȥɡ
á
Ŀ̷뿪һᣬһ»ߣЩ´ˣҲȥˡıضͼйء
Ҫȥʲô۶ӡ


123 
ȥɽ·ϡ
, ŶĿ楣ԥһỹǿ˿ڣ㣬Ҫȥ𣿡ȫû뵽, ڰʱǰ, üǰ廨ͻȻͳˡ
ǻ, ΪʲôѾȥ˽¥ֻ, ȴΪ¶ϲѡ
ɻû˵, շʲô, ϵЦʱͽϣ˵µԼ˵Ƿ, ݱ
ԭǼ£⻰ۣһ˫ЦͰ, Ż, 㲻ȥһˣܰģ
̶һ仰ûƿ, ȷûа취ġ
ʹ˻Լ, ʹΪµ, Աʧվı硭ǸҲάı硣
ϣΪЩ¶ñʹһ겻, Ծǰϣܺá
ʹ޷һ
룬˫Ҳ鲻Խؽһͷ, 촽ΣſڣЩᣬ㣬ǲǺûð
Ϊʲôô˵
ôųԥĺ촽һֱߣŶԼԵͷ˵£ҼȲϣҪֲ֪ôȥ˻޷ıʲôҲĸ;ĸǡ϶Ӳϲˡ
ɵӡ
֪ĸ;ĸϲ
ĸЩΪԵʶ䲻ȴҲ䵭ĸȫѶдˡͱʱЩǲڣ˲ˮʲôԻǰһˣʵ򲻹ǰѶĸ׵Ĳйͷϰˡ
Щ֪ûκ˵
ᷴѡеѹĵףܻõġ
ΪʲôҪȥں˵뷨أ極ȴһĳȣָڻͷϣŰοҴһˣΪģֻʹ˰ġ
Ҫ˵Ļ˵ˣڼ֪ܲ¡
ֻҪľͺˡ
ЩˣϲϲҲҵǰ档
楿Ůһ̧ͷ˫С¹۾˸ʣΪˮ⣬Եõ۽ǵᣬҲûá
²һζָˣԹ
һԣҪϵ˶Ҫ㡣
Сﱾܵԣһ˵ȴգ˿޵ŮΪ極İûЩ鲻Խֱס
㣬Һϲ㰡極ļϡ
Ϊ極ĿޣΪĳ֣̻࣬Ҳıࡣ
ϣһҲܱúһ
ϣԼҲѣֱʣʲôʲôη˵۹
һʲôõģЩЦԸһ㶼ãģһۣ̹ǣϲ̫Сľ˺ˡ
Ǻã
ȴܼС죬ǳ˵õġ
楿⸱ģǺЦǰЩཱུգЦŵúúáСüЦԼҲЩ
ֻǿŻȴЩ֣ôͻгһ㶼һǷۣһȴԲۣҲûкĵط
Ѳһһ
Ҳû˼ݵʧȴͷ

ԼĪֹ˴ʱŵɽ
ǰܹ˼ңҲû˾Ͱϵ˼ſڣֻǻû楶³ͷŮ˵ĳüƼͷǼḾ˺һڶ
뿴һۣɫ̫ÿС˵µĸףҼɩɩ
楴ǰûȻֲ˭˭һᵹ֪˸ȥĸԼŮ޵ôȴɷŶûȥܵҪ˵ȴ˺ϻˡ
ŮźҪ޵ǼҵģԼô಻Ҫ£ҸӣڵǻҪ˵ޣ
˵⻰Ǽ֪еá
Ҹ˵ǼˣּûϵôĥǼҵ£ҪǲͰŮ߰ǻǼҶһ˵ʳأ
Ժҵõ˼Ҽ𣿻Ǹͷӣ
㣬ǣĸѲڣ˵ȫ
ƫƫʼգһ仰û˵ֱǡ֪޸ǸͷӣǼһһǮãڡ
Ů͸һ
ŮҲֱӲǡ
˸Ǻ޲ðǧС
̱ڵϿ޵˾£żҪ֪С
楿⸱棬ÿɷ񣬼̰ߵиٹ̣һ㶼⣬ǻ뿴ŲԶΣЩĬ
߰ɡ
á
һң˵ɿû޵⻧˼ңҪȻָôĥء
ҲЩңסЩ֣˵ʦ£ȥȥ

æӦһ
楱ǣŻߣԭĸ˴ֱӰ̧ȥˣͿԶԶˣɫŮ˲ʶɻǼҵĳͣ˭ʶ
ʱ
˷룡
ã
ܿ죬ЩŮ˾һѷس˹ˣȥĸ磬˶Ҫˡ˵Ů룬ȴĿɨһۣʱȥ־Щĸ첲Ϸˡ
ܹ黹иǵģǼ֪еĶɩۻ楣ֻԺ楣Ҳ˼˵λСȽϢɡ
楿һۣͷ
ҲûἾˣŻԹͷߡ
ηϵƣһۣ˵ֻǷͷȥϺͼϷˡ楺ͻü˻ûһṦһ˹ˣͷľǼϷˣḾ˲ţһ˲ŵϡ
楶ǵӡʵѾģˣ϶ǰ⸱Ƿϵģ
δҲδڡ
ǻɫ𾪵վĸд˲ţƺû뵽Զȵϸ˻ͷϻعʱ˴룬Ҳ̬࣬Ҳ˲٣һʮꡣ
ĸҲһ
һ͸˾ƵģһӾͳ˹ץĸ첲룬ǰҶԲ㣬֪ˣȥ֪УúȰȰ˰
ֻҪ֪ܺҸţԣ
ǰ飬鲻ҪỹҪ߶ȴ極ĿϣϺͼϷע⵽һ֪һ䣬ǣ
ȴûѯʣֻʻ룬Ҫȥ𣿡
عҡҡͷãᣬȥȥ
極ͷĿȥҲûһˣĿѰ磬ͨȴ˲СҲ˼ʹûòҲҶ˵ʲô
ֻǻţ²ݡ

гȥ󣬱㾶ֱ֪еȥյǱ߾Ƽվſڴ¡
Ų΢΢һ١
£䲻ȣ硣
ڸղžƼ˻룬ȫһĴ˴ӵͷߣ߻дʼնά楡ʱ˾ʹŻ֣ܳѼ֪еǡ
ԸˣֿʼԹΪʲôҪ
µ׻һЩǣ֪ҪľǼֻ֪ܺˣԺҪȻ˫ֽգȴһĨЦº͵غ˵ˣȥɡ
ΪɫºͣȴѾûϢˡ
Դ޸֪֮û˯һ̤ʵΪ֪вݣԼ˶ԾʧȥôΪϷȥͷ˵շ£֪ΪԵʺü֪б˱Ӷûɫˡ
⼸ն˯ڲ񷿡
ԭΪԺ˯ãߵնȥˣҲһƬ࣬촽ҲûʲôѪɫ
ЩƽʱأԼǵʱ򣬸زס
¶ڻǰľһԹ߲ȴƴε
뿴üתҲûж˵չҲֻȰȰ磬ڱģ޹ء
ű죬ͷȴһƬţ÷·ûˡ
˵֪Уˣ㿪š
û
Ƽ̫Σ֪Ѿˣֻѿ촽תͷ롭뵹û˵ʲôǰţ˵˻磬ҡ
仰˵꣬ŵͻȻһʲôµȻǴµĸO@ŽŲ𣬺ܿ죬žͱ˴ͷˡ
֪վźͷ·ЩңȻʱˡ
û£ֻעŻ룬ΣϺŲزסĸˣȴСǰͻ˶Եþִٲѣֻܿ˵룬ôˣ
ȴɳƵĸ塣
û뵽ü
֪Уú˵ȥ׼ԵġҲ⼸յһοԼɷһºģȴ뼾֪пûֺޣֻҧ߬ȭǿʰһЦ뿪⡣
㣬ɣͷ䡣
֪뵽ͷ龰Щԥ
˵ͷ˽ȥͷһƬŲסˡ
㣬ʰ¡֪ж΢죬ȥϵĲ飬ҲڵϰŶ޴룬ţʰͺá
ȴʲôû˵ֻǰѵϱ˺ȻͷĻҳ
һƴյȫƴһ
֪пȴַ·̲ıӰԭҪ˵Ļ˻ȥҲû˵ͷѵϵ鶼ȫϣҲûͷֻǸǼͼ֪˵Ҽǵǰÿ飬ȸҼ鶼㿴ġ
ǻе¸磬ܲҶ顣
˵ǰ£֪в԰װݵҲ¶һĨЦֻЦո¶ԭŮתɫƽȴдʧǱôͱˣ
Ǹ˵ҪúÿȡЧҵȥˣ
ҡ
֪ſڣȴһֶ˵
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôֻǾҵıͶԼ˵ıøɵ㣬ȻǾô㣬䲻ͶǿȻΪԺǰ̷ҪһʲôòȴԼǰĿ롣
Լŵ¡
룬ҡ֪ԲҶԲ㡣
ҡҡͷ̾ϢûжԲңҪ˵Բ𣬱ҲúԼ˵ԲԼԾڴˣδٶԣҸˡ
֪һѿڶôҪˣ
ȷӦֵͷ૵ǣɫˣǸûȥˣȻͷ·ϲߡ˵Ҫ˳ţȴȰסˣͷ󣬱ɡ
ǰӲܾ˵Ļ룬ҲЩ仯
Լ£ŶߣûлͷֻಽĽŲĬһ˲˵磬ȥ¾ȥɣûй㡣
ϣ´ټʱѾˡ
˵ⷬʱĿǰ˵֮Ҳûȼ֪пڱ̧ߣŲ仺ȴδһֱͣյսǴӭ²жݵͣҲֻһ˲Ų
Ҫ²ʱȵѯʣ룬Ҫ𣿡
˵̽˿ͷ⴦ǹսǣ֪еӣҲ֪кûֻܺͻ˵ôˣ㻹ڼЪϢɡ
ñ֤֪к˲а
ԭºͣȴԹ޺Ͳʣӵ׻ͣˣ¡

һεֱôƽ
ܿЦôˣ
û޹㣬𣿡뿪ڣһһĨ񣬵ܿЦЩۣ˵ЩίߵĻ˵ҲãҲգҵȷûк޹㡣
Ҳϲ㡣
ֱ̹׵رԼĲϲûһ˿أҽչΪ󣬶ΪǸҵı磬պҲ޷㱣֤ʹ˲ңΪҵҡ
ΨһŵģҲٺͼ֪гԽ֮ĹϵȻŲ¡
ֻϣԺ㲻ҪңҪҵˡ
ԾڴˣɫжѿһֱջĿ⣬ת뿪һһ˵ô໰ʵúܿ죬úܳ졣
ֱĿƼԶ楣ԭŵСͻȻͺ
㡣Ͱͺˣ֪˶٣ֻܳȥȻ˸ǰգС۾ȴֲ˼ѯʡ
楿ߺȴЦͷǿο˵һ䣬ǳˡ
˵Ҳûͷ£ֻͻ˵߰ɣؼˡ
ͷӦá
˴Ǳ𼾼ˣȻ뿪⡣
*
ӹúܿ졣
ܿͲݳݺɵ˶ѮȻˣŶůڵºͣڿºصްĴ£ϾʱҲд롢̷ǳȥ̤˼ΣֻϾ࣬æ¥£ΪԽԽƽĿƿҲԽԽ
ʱȥлûؼңֳȥˡ
жʱ˵ϡ

ڴ֮£긮ٰľ¥Ҳʽʼˡ


124 
ڽ긮۪԰С
羰, ҰһǸ˼ϲĵطտ̤ɻ˱, ɷ۲, ﶬջȪط˱˲˹, ˵, ŵƱǮ׬˲ˡ
¥, ÿٰһ, ʤ߿ȥǱھȡ, ǿǲ˵£ܹӣպ󷬰׼ܱȥˡ

ĲҾ¥, 긮
ϧ
ô, 긮ʤߴδھǰεͷ
ͷһƬ̬֮ר¥׼ĺԺҲʮ֣Ϊոͷĸ˵˻Ự, ǵʱѾЩ, ¥һǰȫˡ
ʮ佭긮ľ¥, СĶһǳַǷ, ͷСһ¥ϰ嵽ȴǰԭֲѵŪʮְ
վ, Ǽ̸ȫֹͣԭĶѭͷȥ
˿󿪵һˣƵ̫У˲ܿ塣
վǰͷǸŮˣҲʮߣ˭һµŮվŵˣһü룬촽һֱѹţһǸҲͷһǰư·̧°ͣȴ֪ô£óĬȴӲ÷ֱ
ǵĳĬȻͬ
楴һɫٻӣΪδޣͷδȫ𣬵Ҳøˬһɫĵȹ߶ޱҼ˵ĵطһĵĹ⣬յӶô˿ţҲ治ɫһĨЦӯӯĻȣΪس˵˵ͷЦǸˡ
¥λǰͰź˵ġ
ǰͷȻ⼸ÿζõһիǵıҶүԣԱߵλûţҪĵطԱ߱Ƕ
˻̽۾޵ĿⲻͬĿƽġ
楣ʱһЦ
楺ͶȻֻйһ֮ԵĹ۸ȴʮֲҲڵسﴽһЦ߹ȥ˴кϰ塣
ϰ塣Ҳһ񣬶ָλãͬ˵ϰɣٹҪʼˡ
ЦףҪʱһ߷·ڼµˣЦź˴кáǰҾ楶λүȻҲ졣
λүӡһǸºˣʮְ
˵Ҳ֣һϲλүʹЩ֮ǰΪλүֵ̫ˮ©˾òɡ
ԣŲۣ楣ƽʱһºͺЦغ˴кǰ˰еʣɺã
ЦȻܺãȻҲһ
˵ʱһаһµŮȴԣĪһ죬̳ˮ˵һαŪƿԣƫƫŮһûģЦӯӯظȹˣ˵ö𣿡
ûԣôƢŭ楣һҪģ
ȴһ㶼£ԣĻشԣһۣǸźЦ
䣬˹ˡ
իһȳȥЩ˳ȥʱ򣬳ԣ֮⣬ĿЩؿһֱۣƽɫΪ極ǸνģҪȥСѣҿ񲻶ԣҪСġ
ǵڶβμ֮ǰͼ֤Щƽµĵ⽣Ӱ
⻰һǶڶˡЦ𴽣˫ҲŶ˵ȱ󣬲֪ɷлŽȱƣ
Ƕϰ壬ҲˣǶŽ㡣
һܿ죬Ҳһ˫ЦۣףȻ
һߡ
ͷʱ򣬱쵽Լڵĵط楽û³˼㽻ƽټ䣬ȻȥǰǲϯǹϯԶԶԼﻹĸۡ˴˸кˡ
ոƼϯи˲˵س߿һۡ
̧ͷһȴмɽ
Լλνĸףһǲϲģʹڻû滻Ůǰɽ۰Ҳ΢΢ԣֻһĶһֱô㣬Լ޵ܻһЩ˭ûʧأ
һ֮ȥ˵һ¶ûС
ᱻţּ߼Ҳʱ߿һ߶߶ģɽɫԱøѿˡ楾Ҳܲµ˵ʲô
ҲǾкˡ
νؿһۣȻ²ؼջĿ⣬ǲɽСЬĸأɽô͵Żؼұĸѵɡ
ŵһˣԭ߳ûʲôڴЩ֮⣬ڵľȻ楡
ȲԹӣڱڵſϷ
ʮ־ȵؿԣҲɶ࿴һۣ뵽ĳֲɳ´ôУͷʱˡ
졣
ԣһʤȯյı飬̧°ڣĿǰ
ʼеһ˲ʧֻʣϴв˳˵ΪÿҾ¥ǰжڵ˸ʲôֻƼ̻Լɫζ˱Ƕ

ȵٴ𣬲ûɲȵĴǶͣеĶǰȥȡٶ˵ϯС˳򣬵һ˵ϯĻիĲˡ
Ϊĵһ˶իȻкܴڴֵŮ̳ϯвվΡ
իˣһǰ񳯷һǹᡣ
ɫζȫᣬԶԶʹһƢĹԣźÿޣи֣ƫһαװʹװһ費ģ
ȴԿȥ
뿴Ǹʲô顣
Ӧú𾪰ɣ
ţ֮Ӧû˵ʵʼ楽ӹܽ¥ʱԣûаϾһŮޣʲôɼ
ɾĲ⣬楰һյĽ¥ŪҸȼԽԽɫ
ٷȥ긮ܿûի˵ĵˣ
α˵̰極Ĳȣ˵楶һĲɫΪȻֻǵիԵڶĽ¥֡ġ
ԣĲͬԵŮûһ˿⣬У֧°ͿŲԶתͷʱƫͷһЦôˣ
Ц֣ûһ˿
ԡ
ⲻԡ
ôôƽ
Ӧ𾪣ӦòţӦ˵𣿣
ΪʲôӦ
ԣĻǳ̶һɲǾ֪ԼмˣɻʲôϯͻȻյѵԼһ󾪺ˣôˣ


125 
ǰͷϯԣӲŲӻعͷ, ɽڵϣɫҰףֲסŶӻ°ĭ
԰ǰжիĳҲȫȡ, һ, Χ۵Χۣ˺˺, ۪԰ϰȷӦ, ݵؾź̺ȥ, ԣô¡˵, 嵶ĹٲۼԼͷ˾£֮, ȻԣɫһԣûӦ±ǰ¡
ֱ߳⣬ԣŷӦ
ƴ, ǵôùӵĹٲ
ֻܹŲתͷ, 極ķŭĿӣ㣡Ҫң˵, ɫ, ͷס, Ҳյºͣ˿һͷħҰ, ޲˳ȥҧһڲźá
Ϊԣһ˻Ŀⶼת楡
¥˽¸ǳе£ǰżʣͨԷ¥ĳŪ, ǰ֪Էʲô˹һġαпܻʤĳһիͷʢĽ¥
˵¥£⡭Ҳпܡ
Ĺƨ
˸ԳĪһͻأڳ
ΪڱڵԵʣɳƲ仹Юһŭ𣬵ȴһӾ˵עȻǾͿϯһɫӰһɷƵĳ嵽ԣǰֱ̧Űߵ
ԣڵϣһͲš
żʮ꣬һӾϣСֳɷİٲȻлȨһ˵ᣬ㶼ûе¡
Ȼ˵ôڵϡ
ԣһ棬˪ŭ̧ͷ룬ȴһۡ
ӣԣ΢㶣ȭҪɫһ䣬һԱ߶㣬һ泯ٲ˵黹δһˣǲң£
ٲô
վǰǶͷ˾СӣǳгĻħǿɵﲻҪȻͷλСӣǺùӳԡ
ԵûƼסۡ
ãСۡһ楰ûĹԱһţĿĶЦŵͷȥ
߹ȥƼۻһŭȭͷҲ߬ţһͷܴ̼СƵģĻûٴˣֻ촽һֱţžͲˡ
Ҳû˵һְۣĿתԣʣղǷô㣿
۪԰ϰҲ
ⳡˣɽ£ΣѴ̣˭żҪµʮüϡƼĿһɫͷòţҲ߹Ⱥ˴кϰ壬ϰ壬ӡ
СȷԣĳҲ֪ϰոǻǺ˼ºϰкιϵ
ԣȴֲ˵
ո鼱֮ѿڶԣʵ˵ʲôֲá
˵ñ֪իȻȡ¥Ĳףôիôͻ٣Ǹͷһضɫ
ǲ˵
СۣȥôԣлڳȻһɫֶȻòҰ
ͷϯǱ߿ѾɽڻԡӦҪߣһҲ˲ʲô̵׿׹ӽңҲףԭҪģ
䣬һƬȻ
Ժ۵ɫҲ׷ױѿ
ԣȻ֪ǵĻȻʲôʹ˵楹˽ӽڳжɵӣôիڽ֮˵ǳ׻٣
ûа취
ٻ취ҪΪ±ʲôɱ˵ͳ꣡
ζҪˮ
ԣΪҪĻȴɽ£ֻܰĿת楣òϰ壬𣿡ǵЩ£ɽѹ֮ôãɽҪܵ¡
¥ʼõȷˣɺõĲ˱˻Ӧûй涨ǰܻ˰ɣգգۣ¶һЩŮĽ
ͱʧǵԣ⸱ģȻϲ
ϥҲжŮƼ楺ŮͣҡҡͷҲºȻûС
Цף˵ȻûУһʲôɣҲ˵Ҵǰûʲô⣬ϰǰӦҲԹˣûΪָң
ºͣ˵Ļȴԣû⣬ֻܽҧ˵˭֪ʹʲôƣ϶֪ʲô˲ʲŹݲ׽ң
һ⻰Ҫ
ȴЦס֣ԣЦ˵׮뷴ϰ£һҴʮ֪꣬˶ʲôȻԿȥѯʡڶʲôҹѲ׽㣿еλ׿ף֣Ҷ϶ƽմţҲȥʡ
˵⣬Ŀζؿһԣ͵˵˽ӽ˵ϰֹȡ׼Ĳףҵڶ
ˣ極ɫȻһոջŮͻȻͱԣɫжѿֱӵָһϰ壬㵱һ׿ɾĳδ뵽ϰȻʹֶΣʵ̫˲ݣ
ԣɫһףҪ˵Ȼһص

Щ³ڳ
˻ͷƼһλŻϸһ
ԸոһֱǰͷȻûע⵽λҵҲ˪һݣæ
楼Ҳæȥüʣĸô
ĸͻ룬ɫѿղⷬȫ
Ϸû˵ֻ֣󲻴ɨһԣְĿתԣڣȻϰ£Ͼ¹ҵļˣҲһء
æңϷ
Ϸ˵ͷֱӷԸԣٲץۻţȥǸ׿ץȥһʡ
ͷе£ȴ޲һӦ֮󣬱˴ԣȥйٲܷԸȥɽץˡ
ߺ󡪡
Ϸſүɻ᲻ˣ
˪ɫԾѿȴΪϷ˵ķԸǲԼֶȻ£˪ѯǹᣬŵĺá
Ϸ˱δ˵ֻǿ楣ԭٺ˵䣬ɲϯϣɽôµҩѾֻǾԾɲãЩجج
Ȼϲӣܹһˣ˵ȥȻؼҡǣ極ֿԣԸϰ£ϰ˾αʤɡ˵ſһ楡
ȻȥЩӣȥ楺˵
Ϸ˵ͷֺĸ˵䣬˷뿪⡣һ뿪۪԰ʤߺǽ¥

αν˴۽磬ڲס߶˵⽭긮Ҫ䣬ưԶիԺҪ١
ԡĽ¥ֻԺԽԽ
楰ѵһĽٺƽǰѶؽ¥㳯ԼȥǵĪŷֻҲѾ˶δ˵ʲôһۺ楿ȻǺõĸȻؼҰɡ
ͷûĸˣһ˳ɾ
зߣ楱ͻͬ鲻ǺõĸԣߵͷĪƼվڲԶζǵڶ
ԭͲ£Ҳ˻ͷɩӼȻû¾ͲҪռȵԴζɩӺǾʹѹһͷ
իҲͰգ¥ҲȲϡ
ҸոջƼɩӺǽ¥ϰ˵ɩǲǹ¥ģǲǱǺͱ˹ᣡ
˵ôԽԽԭǼгڹ
ɫ˵Ҳ治ɫߵѾȴǺһǼֱζǰֺΪӮҹͼк;¥ôˣ
˵ȴס֡
楿ȥȥȴƼҡҡͷ򴽣׻գĿͶѾ߷ԼҲĸ

صɽ׿Ѿ˴ߣ˵ЩٲֱӵϺԶĿ֮°˸ѺߣϿ׷һأû׷ϣֱεڵϡ
ỹûѹ
Ƽһ˻վſڵļӾҪǰ˵£⸱ɫ²Ӧ֪ŲͣԭأûǰĿǽݣһѹɤ۷׷²׿׵ʲô£ȻͶôٲɽôãɴû̡
楣ǲ֪£ü䣬ûδ뿪зϵɤ楡


126 
ĸһ⻰, ɫ΢䣬иüĿⵣǵؿһ楣׼˵ʲôʱ, ȴûһ, ˿ڣǡ
楣
ĸ¶, ǲ֪
ϵû, ȴҲûб, ѵóĬؿ, βΪβǰ˵
û̿, ǰһյ裬Ѱ˵̵ϲ˶ֶ, տƾ, 𣿡
ſԣȴǵü̾˿
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εǳĬһ˲, ѻݸġҶûʲô, ˶Ҳֻϵ˰ˣûкڣЩƲʲô˶, ȴͬһ㣬Զһң˵ףϣֳа֮⣬Ψһˡ
ҲΪʲôѡ׿ôõԭ
жݵسĬһ峤Ӽг
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ˣ˭ҲȲϡ
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楿ڣЩƣЩţһξԼʲô
ȴûֻͷҲصߣĺЩǰûеĲɣĸæȥߡ楾ͿǵӰƻһʧǰҲû谵
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楸ܵӵȶȣеãȻŻعһЩͷŻУʣУǲʲôǲˣ
ҡҡͷͷ˵ûӦֻЩġ
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ǰֻܹв˵ʲôʵֺγǣ
мĬҲЩ֪㣬ձٺͰ楺ú˵¡ѾˣûڣԼĹȥķӡ̧֣ظ極ͷ˵óˣȥ׼ŰɣЩϲԵġ
ỹЩĬҲֻǵ˵ͷ͵Ӧá
͸ľżƵģǣߣ˵һ׼ţʵи³ǻجСֻ֣Ŵ֡
ȵָʱѾһ׼Ĳһ
ҰѲ˶˵üȻȥǺú˵Ựе˵ͷְϴɾȥ΢΢˵楣ǶһǶǣ㶼
ҪţԶվߡ
εҲǸԼ˸ѣΪԷ뱣ԷͰͻĵףԲֻµĽ
楿ǰĻУʵ۵üۣβŵ˵ͷӦá
йȻ˵Ѳ˶˹ȥ뿪ˡ
һ﷿ߣûſھͿĸͷ
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С׼ģĸЩ죬ܿЦȻԻʮ⣬˵˯ˣȳԡ
Ůüš˿ھ˵û
楿
ҲûСĸ֣Ц
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˵һ٣һᣬ˱֤Ժ£Ҳ͵ˡ
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ա
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̫үȻ룬Ҫ˵ˣ˭ţ
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иһ׵꽫ڽ긮ĳ⣬ճǹһƥѪ̤һسʵĳпԶ
ü۹Юűغ˪Ҳһ·ɳơ
ǰϤĳ廳ૡ
żȴ¶һĨЦ˵楣һˡ


127 
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һ, ٲǰ֡
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ǸǰһɨǰǸصģĮֻ, ˫մһۿ, ǲΡ
˵׻ˣеڽ긮еȥ˱ĵط, ҼҲǲɢ˴, ӱֻʣ嶺̫ү
̫ү, ϥΨһҲԶȥ
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̫ү⻰Ĭһ˲βſڣôǺӾҪǣҵˡ˵ʱĿ⿴ǰһԲʡ
ԣץεֻһĬ嶡
һһһιʡȻ֤ݣΪβ˵ҲֻǺܵ𳤽޿һۣʣƼĿˣ𣿡
ʵƿԡ
˵࣬Źңˣۿһա뿪ǰĻ
⼸գȻÿն̽ιҩȴ˵ĻֻҪˣͻȥñԩϴҲûͣ˺ˡ
ôһӡ
̫үˡ⴫С˵
̫үԣæ⿴ȥű򿪣楳⣬ǸϻӱɵСҲˣ˸ͤͤĴǺʹǰʲô¶죬ŲỺУһ﹧سƺ̫ү
ǰүү̫ү楣˵һ䡣
楱ҲЦźһүү˼ʱĳƺһĨƲЦݣ֣Ѿͷ
λ˽սΪʲôƳ޺߹ȥ˸ǰԲˡ伫ΣɫɿɿǷ֮ɫ׻ǹеһ䣬ðɣ
ЦЦҡҡͷ˵£ģôǹƥˣҶʲô
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˵ǺӵĻ²ˡ̫ү
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ʲôסˡ
嶱꣬ǴС飬Ҳ÷Ը޸ԺҲҵǷ޶˵ġ
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ǲǾǰ̫үüת̾Ǻӵȷ˼꣬ӦҲ֪Ƕԣġ
⺢ʵһֱǰǸӣֻǡ
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š
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á
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ȴվĿǣԼδۣҲֻһţԶˣһ󣬴׻̤ȥˡ


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ܲԵ޹ʣ˵˭˭ɡ
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楼żˣЦûͦȵġץŻе֣һָ۾ȴһֱЦҾǺȻԭҼһôĻҪء
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ˡ
ǰ뵽һ׮£ͬ˵һ䣬Ǹ˺ׯСûʲôȻҲ֮ʲôϵ֪ʼϲֻһ֮ǰΪ˳ĸ߹ٺ»һֻȥ谲ͨԱһ𡣡
ΪȻһһӡ
𾪵飬촽΢ȴδ˵꽫űߵĳǹӼᶨȥ׼ͦεӰһԶĳ
ûк˵Ȼһʵֹһ
Ҳһ


129 
֮һװעĿ, ԭԷȾƵĴҲΪĳֺȻðĿбӣǰѴŷâĳǹߣ⿴еʱ, ȼᶨĽŲһ˲ͣ١
мҲͬ, Ҳǹʽ
ıӣϴθαگ, ֽǻǻ֮, Ҫϲδׯ, ŷֲγΪ׸, ְԥϵأԥ, Ȼ㲻ԥ𣬵ʱڳеĸȻҲжд̣ΪҾԵʣ߷Ҳٲػ, ֻǰϵ߳, ˺ٲ뾩
Ϊȵйˮ޺ӵĹͣͬ, в, Ϊոյǻ, ҲȣҲֻջس, ᵽ谲ǳ˵һľƷС١
漸ꡪ
ΪӵǰûƲٹٲҶ, Ҳ಻ԡ
ԥԥ֮»Ǵ㹥򳤰оǸʱԥ谲ģǼ꣬ԥұۣԥǻиΪԥϴĵԼεȻ鳼Ǹʱͻ֮ͬ壬ȴ㲻ʲôʽ
˶֪ǹϵӣʹͬΪԥҲ
ҲûкúöһΣΨһǶġҲֻ極ķǰˡÿ£ԶڳĻжϸ谲ȥˣûб仯
һοУڱʮꡣ
ǸʱѾʮˣҲʮͷˣһǴκպս񣬼ʮڱ߷֮أСһκɽӣһ˳̵Ļ࣬ͳڸǼ꣬ټ¸֮磬Ŀƾţڸ֮ٲһ˵һãˮ޺ӵñʮˮڱ߷ǽȺ֮ʣҲǻȻúöѰѶԷ˴вɻȱһ֣һѡ
ǵ뿪谲ǵʱͻԼ´μ楷ǰ̸һ֡
ϧ
ص߳ǲãͺͼΪ˸еϧһɽӡƽģûȢİ֮˽ѵóԸҪ˵ʲôźģҲǿϧûܺͻкú̸һ֣һξơ
ټʱĻУǰЩ£֮еļɢȥʣҲһ̾Ϣ
ĻҲϧ
֮㲢δͻ˵ҲûʲôøģֻĿ⵭ַ·µԶȺһۣ㲻һȥ
˭
λ
ʱһλӢŵĽ

֮ߺ󣬴ݡ
ȴֻǿȥ֮һۣᲽ¥ȥɫǴǰǸģȴЩĪĽźͻңܲµ˵ݡһƣʱ
֮ӣٽ֮㣬֮Ҳбˡ
µֲؽգвĴҴ¥дĿЩʧǵ楣еһĨҸǵ˼£µɣգȴֻǺغһ楡
ԭĿϤŻع
̧ͷŽߵĻУĿһ£һᣬЩâ¾£ŻẰһУ
ڡ
м㣬иǽæǱ˼ǰƵİȦԼĻ뵽ʲôͣסˣҲֻԥһᣬ˱Ŵᶨس֡
֮㣬ô
˵ϲϲֻǵĻԼͲˣ
ԣ

ҪӵýȢӣ˭᲻ߡ뵽⣬ղŵĻҽȫһɢҪְ̧ȦԼȴȦס
˫޹ȴַ·ֱ̲۽ˮ˱һ鸡ľ
еֽԭأһ¸ͷϣűԼ楣ǰҪᣬŹУûѯʣֻǺ˵楱£⡣
֮֮˵ʲôҲʱⷬʧΪʲô
ʡ
Ը˵ϴǲԸ಻ǿ
ֻҪ߾ͺˡ
ܰ
楱ŻľĿڣ۾û˵ֻǸ˸¶ȡЩڣԼϱӻ̫ߣӲϸһ͵ĻᣬϱӣѯһأϺúúøһΣԸ⻨˼ȥ顭ǲ֮Ľ־Ͳˣ
뵽֮ո˵Ǿ䡰ΪȻһһӡ뵽ǰĴǰĿģ
͸ϸСĴţЩ
ΪǰԼͻиеɵñ˴ȴԷ̹¶Լ⣬ΪԷԼһûصǰĸޣ뵽⣬Żеˡ
͸ŰֽУ˭Ҳû˵
ʰ楴ԭİ̧ͷŻУЩƣûʲôҵģ
дһỹҡҡͷ
£µ˭ˣ
еͷȻһֻ極ͷֻ޳Ľʱ֣ǰ׵÷⣬Դ楣˵µˡ
󲻵楿ڣ˵ʱЩŻЩҡ
£ס֣أ
ڡкȻЦˣƽպЦÿЦҲΪ楣ҲǣֻЦȴһɴǰδйĽ˵ҲŲ£ûйϵˣϲҡ
˵ĵ˵껹楶˵ѾǰŵˣҪǷڡҾͺ˵ʼ
ҲûĻУڶݵͻȻЦ

òֹһ
楿ŻУ۾һ״ԭڻϵҲһ̧ΪĲϣ˻ûзӦ°ǰĴǣԭĿ¶˱ôһףȻͺ
ԴҶǰ̹֮Ȼʹǰһ׽ȴҲûй
ʱ˶æû˼
ĻΪġӡֻҪ˳ͬһϣĿһϣǸʱ򣬱˵ܵľٶˣýЩжԼӲǵԶЩƼɫԻŸ
楣ڲţ۾ҿ楣ĿƮ˵
楲Ųܣ԰ֹĲϣ촽ĥƬϣ÷·ûУǺһ㣬㲻ϲĺ˵ϣԽԽȣһҧ촽Ŀע˴ԥЭΣ󷴿Ϊǡ
ЦŨȡᡣ
ûа취ٻصǰǸˣһһЩǰصİͿǷӱ


130 
ٵϡ
֮뿪¥, һϤЩİԶ磡
ѭȥƼһɫӰȻǻٵۣԼı, ֮ԭҪ뿪Ķ, ԽԽ, ԭѯô, ƼϵĽ͵ǱȻ, ȴ糣ʵôˣ
һ, ֮ѯ, ˣ
š
֮˵ͷɫδʲô仯
ΪһӵľԳȵϲŭɫ۵бԽ׽͸ʲô˵ʲô, ֪֪Ǹӵ¡
ѵЩԥ, ֪ôڡ
ϿΣȥͷԷʱͻȻ˵ڳſƼӰ
ʼò, ˵Ǽսѽ, ôôͻ, ҡûдţӦòʲôŶԡ
ֵġ
ϸ, ֪ɽķȥˣϿҲ˲ãֻ˰˸پһ·ˡ
ᡪ
ԥ, ָڿϵ·ˣǲ֪˵ʲôվǸزסӣһỹǿѯˣĿ֮ϣЩͣ˵ˣ
֮ף֮ǰһţûʲô仯
۵ɫ΢΢üе£֪
ʱЩӡ
첻µز£ΨǸĲҲдȣµСͷԲ𣬱磬ԭдŵģǡ
򴽣͵͵֮㣬治ԥ£ǵͷܿϲǸһʱİǰûĸˡ
ʹң֮ĿƻŨīɲϲŭǰǸ緢Խͷؿȥˣջ̾˿
ˡ
˵
ԭҲֲۡ
ԼǸʲôӣֲǲźͰ楹ϵãʵǹİ㣬ϱΪ˸ֻӪϧʱ򣬰Ѿˡ
дŴ極ѶС˿ӱ޸ϵ谲ǡ
ǰھӪ˽ײϵˣڰ極ķǰȴ޵߶˵С
֮Щ£Щ˸Ӽģ
ΪҪ罩ֺܾãû뵽һתͻȻģŴǣҴҳġ
ң
֮룬ʣң
ͷЦˣ֪Ͻˣ
۱˵Щ˼͵˵ãûʲôԼɵعӣʵĿޣЩ˼֮СͳݵֳҲֻ̧ͷȻһ䣬楣ҪҺúͷĻҴӦֲ÷ڡ
ڷϿζʲôҲôѡ
֪Ϊ極Եʣ֮㵹Ҳûк⡭һİıˡ
ͦõġ
ϱӰԼһİⱲҲ֪ͽˡ
֮ЩοȴҲЩȻ
Ƽ֮ϵ飬ֱõѯʣ磬ͰԺ᲻˵⻰ʱŨü壬Ҳ˵ĵǡ
һϲİ㣬һݵֳϣ˻
֮ҡҡͷ˵ᡣ
֮˿ѹ㯣̧ͷûпۣǲͷеĽ¥뵽極ʱȻ˵һеѡֻҪľͺá
ԣȸ
Ϊϲ˲Ϊ²ǾôãǸԽƫƫϲǸӣ֪Ҳû취ϾԭͺԵɡֻº˵ɫˣ粻һؼҰɣĸ֪϶ܸˣ
Ǵǰ֮ضܾ뵽ǸŮˣ̲סһӶĳªҲ࣬þ𣬱֮ҲвٲΪ˵˽ЩȴֲŮ˴Ķġ
磬ôˣ
۲ΪͻȻĬֻǸоıЩ˺£ҲֻһṦָֻ糣ˣҡҡͷˣһ£̵»ȥ밲
˵۵ļͬ˵ϽЩٸǰƵģպЩĵ˻һٹ꣬ǻȥӪұȥ
棿
۾Ӧæ˱֤úϽ
֮Ҳδٶ˵һúչ楣¸ţȻ¥һۣŲ뿪⡣

Ǽ֪֮ûͣ뿪˽긮
Ȼۣիݼ٣ܵ˵£˵µʱд˲ˣһ߰һ߷ߵҲ֪Ǹʲôá
֪ı򱧲ƽҲֻЦЦû˵
ȴҲЩȻ
Ȼ֮ûŮ֮飬֮䵽׻÷ڣǸ˵ʵڵģʵҲûʲôԲĵطǸʱûвֻԥһ˲
ϧǻĸֱϼķʱ֮һ˲ԥѹһݡ
˾ѣ˺ٲϺ
ʵ֮ԥϾ̫Ϸָô
ιԺ󲻻᲻ͱ˰ɣ
ߴ䣬楻عЦųȥʲôأö˶˵ģҲʲô㵱أ˭ˣ涼ϼˡ
Ǻֱ˵ҲûСЦİɣҺԺѡ
ͷˣ֮ܿҲ£ΣϣⱲܺúõģҪļƣȢһϲͷϡ
аɡ
۷ˣҲ˵ʲôѰõӵݸ楣ˡ
Է楿һҪߵӣЩ죬ǰֵݼ٣ĴβȥɽһģɽԾ͸ڶƵģҲԽԽˣƾɽûôǹ
ȥˡ
һԵ彣쾩иʲô͹ɽһȥ͡ϲɽǰЩܱܣǰˣȻҪó鹵׼ЩЩ£ȻҪġ
楶λĹͲȤҲֻǵ˵ͷ¥³Ӹĸ׼˳ԵģȥʱСĵ㡣
֪ˡ
Ŀ뿪̷ֺύ˼䣬ɽˡ
û뵽ǣղۻȥӭλĹͣҲҪȥ

ʱ
Ͳˣȥţб˵¡
ҲҪȥЩ졣
Ҳ
楱˵ҲҪȥϢ
ԱЦҲ˭ֻǲ˸ţȥһˣ±һˡ
֪ߵý
οҲû룬ͷҸЩԵĹȥϴӦû͹ȥء
ȻӦá
˱Ժɢ˻Ჽû߰ȦԺӴ楣Էˣ֪ɢ⺰ġ
ЩεؿǽڣƫͷͻпһۣҲƼеΡ
֪ˣ
һӦһ߿ü䣬ȷ벻Ȼż»еĴǣ𾪵Ŀ£Цüһ˰
˵ôһ䣬ȻҲ˵תŲ뿪⡣
пӰָḧ±׹Ĵǣǻϲ뺰ԷһջӦˡ

ա
гȥ긮ңʱ긮ĳҲʻһϳ̴ӿߵĳţЦź˵ӣǿ쵽ˡ
䡣
һŻɫ̧һ˫Զ೤۾ԶҵңѾЩˣԾܴ˫ü۱ʱĿʹһҲڲס괦ڸλʡ
һλʫӸλȨ
ǰǵй¶ƽ긮Ǽλ˶֪ҪȥңҪӷȥסĵط̴˼
ȥѧģɢŵͷķ羰ǲֱȥҡ
̴ԱҲδȰ˵ӦһǡҸϡ


131 
ׯҪףٵ, ǰþѾڽ긮ɢˡׯ֮ʡѲ飬һطԭ·ݵʱԼҵʦݸ٣û뵽ȴ֮˴˳ȥ, ֵ긮ʿԱ, ֻҪմһϵģնˡ
ⷬ, ǲϲ
֪Щ˴ʲô, ǿׯλȨ, Ŷύһ
ʱҲǳ͢س, ҲͥеӣֻԴӱȵ۰֮, ͥбſȸǰܵЩҲ׷׵ֻ꣬ʶ
Ǵ̫֮үͳ, Ǹһ״Ԫ, ԺڿһУ긮֮ҲǱŲܿЯҴ긮Ȱһ, ž츮ѧ, ѧ, ЩôƽճԼļ˺ѧ, Ҳȥ˴򽻵
򽻵ȴò
Ҳ;, ƽύ˶ˣȻӱŲ
ҴүҲ޵ĸףԼĸǸҲ֪˭ȥϢ˶ˣҲʵڲٹš
СЩԼĸף˵ʱһֱͷҿˡ
˭
̫ү͵Ǹöܳ²ɣ֪ɽ
ҴүɤԽ˵ˣֻܵͷѵ롭̫ү⸱ģȴֻƣѵ룿ʱ緢ѧȵ۰Ҳڹû뵽ϥȴһһϴ󻹺ãӹ׻ֱҲȵ϶ԽԽ쿪Ϻú£ֻʸȨ߽·
ϥŮ㲻
ҪȻ
̫үĵ̾˿˻֣ˣȥͰɡ
Ҵү˿æӦҪˣȴʵǺ𣿡
ǻе֡
ҴүѧЩӹܼȴǲ֪Ӻܵø׵ϲǻӦղŶӹʱƼͰ޴һ𡣡
䣬ͷš
ͣ˵ǻСиһЩҪҪϡ
ƺ̫үɫԱúÿ࣬һ;ŰѸýˣҴү֪û±ˣȴЩ죬Ȼ׶Ǹмӣӣ˭ҲûȴǺӹδҲ̫һЩɡ
Ҵүƽ֪ͣԼЩǲ;ģǸƫλӣҲж뷨
Щɴס
ð޳ǺӻûύһպҲöɽ

в֪Ҵү뷨˵ҵĴˣ޵ĹϵҲԽԽˣͻڵлδл֡
лʲôЩ⡣
ȴЩ˼ˣһܲѹɤ˵ѾӦˣĸ׸Զڹ̷ĸȥţӦòվнˡ
ԭ¡
忡¶һĨʵЦ˵أϲˡ
ƽͷУʱ˵ԼȴЩҪ˵䣬Զ˳Ϊׯ࣬ģȻЯ˲ٳɫӵܡ
Щ˴඼ûУֻ޶мӣҲ̸һ˼
ӡ
˺޴кֿУº֪ͣλǣ
ȴڴеݡ
ڽǿݼ͸պڳΪһǽʿȻףֻϳ࿴һֻۣǸ˻ţȻûʽˣ޺ˣ֪ҪУ游صģҲǸ߿һۣԱš

ԭʻ˳ԿһۣƼ˴еãȻȻ긮вûлյĴңּ࣬òҲһͲǶõӣԭ֮ҲЩˣ˸к̸ֻ
ԭ˵䣬ȴҡҡͷҲֻð˼˼ңȻõ̸ͣ
˵ⲻҪλ͡
˵ʱ򣬻оվһԣδ뻰⣬˵ĻȴҲϸšҲǽ֮Ŵ޿֪λ˾׸ׯ衣
ׯ裬δȴжš
ׯǺŹӵĵ˵ʮ࣬鶼𣬺һŬڵִﳤֱǸʱȵ¹ԺشԺһɺģϧ¹Ժ඼ѫӵܣׯڼΪʮ˿أȽԺ֮ȴ۸Ǹʱ˭Ҳû뵽ƶĶгһջΪȨڸ׸
û뵽Ĺ;
квҲһ˿ȣȻۼġ
ô⣿
ߴһϤѭȥüվǰ
ձӰ楿֪ۻʱƼҲ⣬˵˵ͷк
ֻǿһȫˣӡȻǱųˡƼæʺãӡ
Ҳ׷תۡ
ȻЩǵ͵Ĳѧ˭أи֪ĸǵ˾Ҳǳ͢ع١ҲˣʹƢٲãҲֻеķݡ
ۺͻվһǲЩԾӺͻʶ
бΪۿ϶ϵģû뵽ֻǰ½üȻ󲻴ؿ˶Էһۣѣôˣ
һڳ˶ЩԾ֮൹üĿº͵ؿһۡ
۱һƤҪ뿪⣬ȴүͿ쵽ˣүȥӭ͡
һ⻰Ҳ˲˵ģ׷׿ޡ
Ҳ飬֣ص°ڣ˵λ

ǵʱ˶Ѿˣ˶һţɽҲˣվǰĻ̫үǴǰǸģվţ۾Ҳţ޵밲ۣ˵ͷ
ɨһۻУ޷Ըվͷ
ǡ
ĩվá
վãǰͷ˷ˣ
˱ͽŵԽ䱸׷̫үҲðִóˣһǰӭˣƼͷֻһһʹӣɫźÿһЩ

ׯƼվſڣæɢ飬˼밲ֻǻδͱ˷סˣˣɡ
ȴһЩ㡣
ǰЩҲûʣˡ
ʦͽδ˵䣬ɽ˱æǰׯ𰲣һ˴ӵׯ裬ׯЦӯӯģֻǻ˺ѼЦ˵λһлҪͬ˵ͷλһ𡣡
ʹҲǡʱ˵Ҽ˻Ҫڽ긮ϼգλҼ˰ɡ
˵Ŀ˭֪λׯѼĸҲΥׯ˼ٳûׯΪģȻҪȵٳ뿪
ˣվͲ߶ׯˡɽȿ˿ڡ
Ҳ׷˵
ׯЦųףԷͷߡ
ߺҴүǰɽţɽȴֻɫѿؿһׯȥķ˵ءׯ軰˵ףӣ˲죿
кһȥ
Ҳ׷׸
˲һֻȵôһɽԹλׯǰԺЬ䣬ȴһ㶼
ɽҲȴǺݺݵһۡ
֪ʧԣæ죬ȴҲв֪µʵλׯһ飿
ɽ
ԭ˵˿ɽûֹ˼ǻˣ˺λׯһ¹Ժ飬ǱλׯλȨأǰȴһ鶼СӣеģֻԺȥˡ

˳Ծʣλׯλŵԭ䣿
ɽЩ£ǰԼЬ˴κһȨ󣬶Сȴ˹һ͵ĻᶼûУˬû뵽ԼĶӻûæתۣʲô
ƳһɫӰվһֻǲӣƲĿ
ҲᣬԹٵۣ˵ͷĸ˵ׯˡ
֪ҪĸгԷвһ󸹷̡
ûɽѹƢɫȴѿ
Ų̲Ŷһ֪ˡȴǰ㶼ûзϡ
Ҫ˵ɽԼȥ˵ŲҲɽҲǳ׼ĸȥĸ˵
ɽв̬ⷬȣֻˣֻûɫСۣΪôҲΪãΪĲǣ
ԴǿУǸģȴҲԸͷ棬ֻһ䣬պ˭˵
⻰һݣȴǸνģû˭
Ҫʣ˵һ䣬һĸ˵ġ
ɽһ⻰Ȼѯʴ¡

뿪Ҳ׷׼뿪ȻҲУֻδͱʹӺסˣӣҼ̫ү
һʱ䡣
δ뿪һȺԼҶүĿ⿴˻С


132 
ǣ
вʶݵѯӵܡ
ЩӵҲǽյһμ, ѹɤصջ֪Ļ˼ңֻ֪ҴӺСӺܡ
޺˽òϡ棬ϡۡ
СӣЩ˾ȵؿŻ, ԶȻҲЩ, ֻ񵭣ʹҲ¶, ֻǫ͵س˵˵ͷ, Ӧá
޵Ǻܿ, Цźͻ˵, ȥɣ游һŴ㡣
Ȼûоܾ, ˵һл˱ȥ
ߺȴδϡ
ҶүŻеӰҴү, ʲô˼ôһûСά, ǲǻׯ࣡
үԽԽ
Լǧ󣬸Ҳ˵һûһ˵άý
Ҵүо, ʱԼҧгݵĻ, Ҳֻ, д㡣˶뿪˵ѵһ, 㣬޹ʰׯг͸¶ȥǸײϲС, ׯ಻ˣǸҲס㣡
λүƽµׯ࡭
ׯ֪Լй¶ȥģﻹ£ֻʣ磬ׯӦò֪ɣҴүֻۿǽ˵磬׸磬Ӳܰ
ҲΪۼŸɽģ
˺ˡ
Ҵү˻εͷΣҡҡͷ̾ȻԼԺӣͷȥ̽̽ڷ磬ٺ㡣

үæӦˡ
ҴүĿ뿪Ժߡ

ʱ̫үӣΨһ̺
ׯ費Ͼֻ̫үţԴƢԽڳʱưʮֹ˳ʵЩɺã
Ӱˡ̫үûԼ̫һ£һյ裬һ۵µׯ裬ʵأΣ
ʵȻׯ塣
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̫үü
߳Ӱãڸû˳ԵùӣǰѧҲûٱ߳ԣҪΪҲ̣֮ӵǻְѸ߳ڻ֪ϵĸ깵ȥˡ
̫ܽү׻ǹġ
ׯЦβ⣬ֻǴˡ򴽵ͷЦ£еĲյϣż˵Ǳͽڸġ
£
̫үü
ׯ軹һɢģ̾˿ǰڵĳׯ裬еԼ־ͬϣϵ֪жá
е
ȵδѵ㣬ͱ¡

ׯĻüôԶֻƽʱɢ˵ʱüȴżеģǾòѵóֵ⣬Ҳº֪ģǵּƽмȵ۵¡
̫үĬؿׯ裬ȴֻ̾˿
˵ԻˣиҪ㡣
Ŷеѧˣׯ֮Щڴ֪λСôϲࡣ
㲻ѧֻй֮Ե
̫үԼĺ뿴׵ׯ裬ͣһ˲˵ͷ˿ɱŵ
ǻҵСˡ
ׯЩʧЦɲǵսԺʲôʲôϡ溦µСˣʮĻºģʮλȨأĻʲôŵĶ˸Լ°ڣǺϾĶģ˽ɣÿĸСô
̫үû˵ֻ͵ͷȥܿоͱ˹
ʱͷΪԵʣׯ貢ûпòֻǶƫͷһĨʱ߳ŵЦˡʼƼеʱϾš
ȻòŵȷǸ͵
ῡֳʵϲټŵׯ軹ЦţֱԽԽԭЦɫȻͱˡֻӽӲڷϵҲͻر
ŵؿˡ
ԽԽºҹʰ̫үׯࡣ
갲Ҳû̧ͷֻǫѷվţȻҲûƼׯϵı顣
̫үһֱڹ۲ׯ裬龪Լĺ룬Σ
ׯŻع񣬵ײǴǰëͷСˣʱ֪µѶԺͼΪʵ۵ܴһܣҲýָ쳤̵ıΪʲôû񣬿ŷ·Ź˾ݵòѾܺƵסԼ˼ˡ
ֻǰԻЩֲ֮У糣ЦǸĺӡ
˵ֿУʲô
ׯ裬ͷȴĻĳջС
С
ׯ֣󣿡
⻰Щ죬糣ˣʮߡ
ʮߡ
Ǹ˳ĻӦҲ͡
ׯеֺȻЩĿⶨؿŻУ죬ֲɫջĿ⣬Цص㣬ɼѧʲ׼οƿ
д𣺡׼ԡ
뵽ղ˵ģׯʣ֪ʦλ
ȴģһСϵի顣
ׯҲǴ֮سģȻ֪ЩСطĽѧ΢΢üһ˲ȻʵȤȥ¹Ժտѧã㻹ܽȥ
һȵ̧ͷ̫үۺĶҲͣ
ҲһĹ̫үׯ迪ˣ⣬ҺѾ̲ʲôˣԻм£˷ʱ䣬ȥ
¹Ժ֮ߵ·Ҳкô
¹Ժģв֮ʿӵܣպڳΪ٣ⲻúЩպһûУھȥû
ɲǹѧʾͿԵˡ
ƲţĿؿׯ裬ҲЩ죬ͨͨ׻ᣬʹƽǳȣȻϢҲЩز
οׯ軹ʮֳ羴ǰ
վǻУݵ𾪺ڻָ糣ˣͷ̬ʣȴЩƣɷһؼҺͼ£
Ȼ
ׯЦһҪϼգʱˣʱ˵ңҲҪһ˶ΪǸӺһˣɾЩĵܾûô򵥡
Ƶĺӣпµĺӡ
뵽⡪
ׯкȻһ̡

ؼ·ϡ
ɫ楿ϣ쵽ҵʱƤͻȻü
ôˣ̷
ְƤ֪ôˣƤͻȻ
̷ῴۣЦ֣ϲ°
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133 
ҹ֪ׯ˵Ϣ
ʱ, Ǹճ극ã̷˵о͹ˡ극˺˳ȥ᲻ڼ, Դ֪ǵĹϵ֮ԻԽ۰, ĸŮ㣬δ楼, ЦǺǵغ˵, ҹ, ȥתת
ȻƵⲽȥˡ
˿ܽͷǶû, ڵģõӡ
̷Ƶ׻С, 楺ͻеĹϵһˣȴҲûΣƼйЦҪܹȥûаһ, ֻǸպһ硱ͱ̷ᰴסˡ
̷һǣ̷Ƶ, һ˵㣬Ȼطˡ
˵ű̷ȥˡ
Ŀ뿪, ŰĿת, ůɫƻ֮, ˵ʮ˽տʮּ, ʹǿѹҲһЩۼЦʲô˵𣿡
֣Ҳû, İԭޥġ
ԭҲû
д楣ůɫƻյʮºͣ۾ţ˵ĻԲزסȸԾ楣ҽռ˭ˣ
֪
ֻǼˣҲЩϲǣ˵ֳǱȥµʱŰЦʣ˭ôˣ
ׯ࣡
еżڸ׸ׯׯ࣡
Ϥ֣΢䣬ŲҲסˡ
ȴûע⵽Цź˵ҴС˵¼û뵽վȻۼһȥׯˣׯȥ¹Ժ
ദˡ
ǰЩѹŵƢҲȫûڲصԼ͸¶ˣһϿܵ޵ĺƵģ˫Ŀؿ楣Ҳ߸š
ֱƼ΢΢ıԼյˮʪ棬žòԾ
楣
ȷӦæϰѲùϣȥѾˮյ棬»ͷˮŪʪѣһӦ֮ſ楣Щֵ楣ôˣ
µԾ
ȴûķӦȻô
ҰϵıԲǸˡ
̧ȥ֣ͷһƬɫҲűˣôˣüҲš㲻ϲׯࣿ
ǡ
²㲻Һׯȥ
ôһᣬҲѾлعˣ⻰ҡҡͷǣֻ̫ˡ
ȷܾȡ
û뵽˵λͻׯ裬û뵽ׯȥ֪дδ뿪طߵԶĵطƾǽ긮ˣׯӦǵһμǣΪׯ飿΢΢üʻУ˵ׯҪȥģǣ
ָ糣ȴЩǣԵǴˣׯ˵ģҲʮͬȥ˵ѧʲôȥ࿴
ȴΪˡ
ȻλׯûʲôҲ˵λׯȻһĨº͵Цʵȴʮֲ顣

ЩȨ߹мģ
λׯΪδãһ֮ԵʹһزʶȥɲΪλׯĴȱĳ
ӣܻõĵطȥ²⣬һͷׯͼı
ʲôֵͼıĵط
楰ĿתУϸ˿Ҳûһ˿
˵ȷ㣬֪ģԺܶ˶ԣĻлֻһ֣ʮϣоٵͨѧӣǷԶ˵ׯʶ֮Ƴеڲ֪ͬԺضһΪҲʵڲֵһλȨصͼıʲô
Ͼ˻ࡣ
ĵλȥУʵûҪ
̫ˣ
ҲֻΪϾУȻҲӰ˺ȥˡλׯһԼλҵʦʮ𾴣ģľٶҲ֡
ҲʲôԵ֮˵
ϾǰûĹϵλׯҲʮְĻУʹûвμӿƿҲ˳ãǰ˴ڸ󡭡ǰû̫е£ȻҲôʶġ
ΨһȷһׯԻûʲôġ
ǰߵ;ߵǰ˳죬λׯѲ˵ĸϵ˵ûλׯķ֣ǰܸ޷볯Ϊ١
楣ǲǲȥ롭
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ҡ
ԥһ˲ǵ˵ͷȥ
û楣Ӧòȥȥ¹ԺǺ£ͬҲһע¡һûãܾͻӭ˵ĳӡ
ϲûյ£ôڶ࣬ԼһȻȴҲʵ
Ϊ楣ȻߵøһЩֻվԽߣסߵˡ
ЦǾȥɡ
мӦˬ죬Ǿԥһᣬ㡭᲻𣿡ûԥ˵㲻ϲĻҾͲȥˡ
ֻЦУ֪֪¹Ժʲô
¹Ժ˵ѧӵ֮أ㲻ܹܵԴܽύˡʲôҪϵ¹ԺйϵԴ
бвٸ߹ٳ¹Ժ
ѡһ·պ볯Ϊ٣֪¹ԺҲ˸߿һۡ
֪
ֱ極۾ɴЦҲ糣˵һѰ£֪ܺãЩҶԲҪġ
Ҳʧȥһᣬ߲ȥˡ
ɻᶨƵҪѡ·ȥȻܻһЩη塣
ΪһȻЩ
п楣ϵĴͶݣҪ˵ȴ˱סˣɵӡߴ楼̾ϢĻȴЦţɵӾɵӰɣֻҪ˾ͺˣֻǲȵĺڶϣź֪Ӧġ
ȥȥ¹Ժĵǡ
楣ɿͷֵòˡ
ԴȵĻȻЩЦãɵӣĨһ۽ǾӨ͸ᣬεûԸ˻ȥȥɡ
Ż˵ûвˣ෴Һܸˡ
Щȵ飬ϵЦȴԽԽ°˵ϲô㣬׸㣬ô᲻ˣ
ȷʼҲЩԥ
Ϊׯׯἴʹû֮ǷҲѾû̫ˡ˶ϲ˼ô͸ô£
ֻԥһȥǿС겻ܼ棬᲻һЩ֪ıʣҳ·ôԶׯȥ¹ԺкôͬҲ˰ĿⶼϡĻлᱻ۸
ЩںĻǻԼ뷨
Ȼȥȥɡ
ŻеҲܴúܺá
ϱӻΪûʽμӿƿʹλҲۣǺһЩɼЩ١
ⱲӼȻл·ߵøƽ̹ͷ⣬ΪβҪĻãֵõĶ
һҪİһ·ǰջֻʻڮ١


134 
ׯ貢ûסҡ
ڽ긮ԼĲҵ, 㲻ʲôլӣǺͬһ仹徻լˡմ뿪δٳţƽݪŪ, , Ҳ
ͷЩûں, ֪طҲν, , ˱ǵǰҲá
ջ, ׯˣһ, ͷҲֻţ׼ȥԺժЩҰˣͷӼ˱ӳԣͼԼ̴ӽŲҴҴͷ
, ׯɢɫڱ, ͣԭأָ, ô
ǰһ, λ̫ʮ궬ա
̫ʮ궬ա
ׯ, ɫ΢ף̫ʮ, ȵ֮ȥһߺ󲻾ãȵ۵ԽԽ, ܲڳȵǸλãȵǱõдõگҹȥܡ
ǻٲԼڣ£ԼĸȫǱߣصظ֪쳤š
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ӣ
׼ɫףҲ΢΢ɵĵǰסˣȴׯסˣֽ߬ţҲЩƣ
ǡ
λӴСɽ򳤴󣬲²鵽ϳġׯȻĿ濴׵ͷ˵λӵĸܴģͷ׶꣬ϥҲãδ뵽һǴͷܴһӣǸʱ򣬺´ˡ
Ⲣϡ档
ܴͷһҲǳе¡
ֵǣԭƶԴ»֮ѴǰǷǮȫ壬Ǯ췿ӣϲ˶ΪܴˣصȥǶʱͻҷһܴˣǿ֪Ǹʱܴ׬Ǯ
ҡ
һͣ٣ȴˣ˴ܴʱλȻУǸӸճˡ
һ仰ñɫ΢׵ׯ䣬²Ҳһַסδˤ
ӣ
׷סĸ첲
ׯȴû˵ֻǳĬصͷʱ⻹δɢĳסϵı飬˿ʱ顣
ֻƵɤⰲһ𣬡µĺӡ
ֻǻɣôƶ
ǿĺӣΪλ⣿һǿĺӣϵǸӤ˭ɲ⡣
ǰЩѾߣֻ쳤ߡ
˵
ɫ΢䣬ֽţ
˭ׯЩվԽߣԱԽ׽͸ƽۺʱ϶ЦɴʱȴɫϵҲ΢΢ָͨȴͷΪ̫ӺܿԵָۼ
˵Ϊʲôһǻּȥ˱߹أµ߶ûвμӡ
Щ˭˸飬ȴɹ쳤̣֪쳤̶µİ٣û뵽ƫƫ϶ֽţһè̫ӣ˶ΪǸӸȥˡ˵ǶԷ򸾺Щ꣬쳤Ǹ˶ʱ̽Ǹӣ
һڱ߹صˣɽ߻ʵԶǺʱ뿪һӣж֪
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ׯЩƢҪȴǰ࣬ʵҲûʲôֵ£ɽϢȴеϣͷסŴ쳤ڳǰɱ鶼С
ӣǿĺӣǻҪȥ𣿡ü¶ǡ

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Ժ￴顣
ԽˣɫҲֻһɫĳӣ¶°ɫȹ棬ŻʳнЦŷ飬ҲûϿʣˣ
Цŵ˵ͷ
ԭҪ˵䣬ͳˣСУ
Դ֪ׯҪȥ£ı
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楿ս鷿ЦջĿ⣬ԹԴʳпһۡ
㣬ȫϲԵġֻҲ̫һЩְ̧üĴЩεҡҡͷֻк̷ƹһЩݣȥͷЩСˡ
̷˳ȥɻ楱Ժ￴飬ԼĪȵ谵ˣݣȴһŲ
᲻ͷҲ֪˭
͵ʲôתͷʻС
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վţ֮ͥȻһƼ
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ոջЦŵͻȻһѼϵİ˦ڵϣһƬȭͷͳ˹ȥﻹ쵰


135 
֮ͥһȭͷȻûԸȥ
ʹһ, һ׸ģôƼȭͷҹʱͷӦˣæһ硱, ֮ͥûʲôӦ, ȭͷҲûջȥҲûӵڻеǰ
֮ͥƼ, ɫһӾͱ, ̰ȭͷջ, ԼȴΪһ, ûˤ
άУеĵѹЩ, վȽŲ󣬵һͷǰѯʣǣ, û°ɣƼԼ˶αڻ, Ǹʲô¶ûʲôüͬ¶ǵرãѯ, û£
֮ͥԽ, Խ
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Ǽ粢վŵģôôۣźÿЩɫֱѿˣְֱԼߣӰֻվԼ棬⣬Ȼư̧°ͿŻʣղʲô
ȻлشǸ첲յѾȿˣ磬û۸ңУһˡ
֮ͥԾ͸׻ƵģոջʮưȻùŵŤͷȥ楣Цӯӯһ˫ĿûΪ˵Ļеʲô·ֻ˵һϡѰ¡
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Ĺԣĸ˵ĻͶˣѾֹᣬһվֱӣһĨ۾֮ͥ۲ۣҲ˻ش˵Իôõ·϶˰ɣߣհѷãȥԷ˵ֿ֮ͥԱȴǰҪǷۿֺô࣬ͷɡ
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֪ǾӪԵĶǴ̫ѳˡ
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֮ͥ⻰̲ȻǰҲҳԷǷǳˣ˫Ц۾̶ݺеķɹȥ
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ٹЩ꣬ұ׼̸ܸھأ
ΪһضĿ࿴û뵽ĸֻǱŸ첲ֻŶһ˵СйҲҪˡ
֮ͥһһʱ˲ȥƽ飬ֵʵʲôûԵʱ䡣
СǰñׯʶҪȥ¹ԺءĸԼ硣
֮ͥȻ֪¹Ժʲô֪ׯ˭׸һǵӵұۣǸư;Ȼܱôһʶ
ĸ⸱ģһƵػش֮ͥղŵʻСкõ£Һ֪ˣСпƿ꣬Ҫ׼ɻˡ
СϲӣǺԼƤһԱȣôô˳ۡƤӻͷ鷳ֱ־侯ҿɾ㰡Спδ÷ɲ۸ҪҺ֪㱳۸ôʰ㣡
֮ͥµƾʲôһûͬأ
Ҹͬ⣬ϲͺˣʲô£ĸĶ䣬һˣȴת֪ҪʲôˣһЩֱҲɿԾɻʣû
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°ᣬ˵ͷܡ
ĸҲֻɨһ۾Թߣӿʼϴ룬ҲȥСе鷳Ҿˣ˭Կһء
֪֮ͥʲôԼͨĶߣĿǸڻҡ
ŲԼոշʲôģȥһдһܡ
֮ǰصúÿŰ楣ʲôĻ˶ڰ߾͸дţû뵽һûֱӰչ˵ÿΪˣ⻹㣬ҲվǱߣ׸˵ĵضûУ
Ҫǲúһ٣֮ͥýǱú˯ˡ
в뵽ʻϲʲôĹ˵ǻԺҲǵû˵Ļʲôü쵰촽񣬱ӲСˡ
˵ô˵ʱЩϤأ
ܲϤ
ȥ˵İ

ԭôͿˣ
ɵذԼƣԼǣǽţҰ
֮ͥԽԽڣĲҲ̤ñΡĴɽҪأϵıǻں޲ѣҪճͥԺͨҵʱ򣬿Զŵķ䣬ԭԥһᣬǹ˸極ķȥ

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ڴߵϿ飬ǻдС˵ʱе鰮С˵й̸Ĺ£ýζµ˭˵˾䡰Եȡȥš
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ϲ壬඼Ŵɰ極ϲȴȻͬù㷺ǽϹԼʱĻϵСһδһףȴԼоĲо֡
߸ߵİϻһֻ״ɼƿͷб弸֦һȤӸִ⡣
Ȳ衣極յ裬˹
ˣ֮ͥӦһԳԺȶо̵ʱʱûУ;տˮǷɵˮԣȻ楸ʲôͳʲôȵžùֵֹģһۣ裿
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¶˼֮ͥղ˼ΣȴŴ̧ͷ楣ʵ楣ϲư𣿡
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֮ͥʱ࣬Ϊͱȼˣضỵ׮¡
ϲġ
Ҳǡ
ǲϲΣʱôҲû͵ڻеǰ֮ͥȻЩѹòŻؼҲþҪ޸ˣ᲻á
ʱӢ·Ƿһǰˣʱȴͷһ仰˵
֪ʲôЦź˵ɣм͸¡
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֮ͥȻЩɥ˵£ǿ˾ֱ̧ͷ
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˵òã
֮ͥȻúãֱüˣ
ʵҲǷ楼޸ưͣϾǴСѣʲôƷԣҪˣư͵ȷǺܲѡֻǵİ楼˻Ҳ㣬ô˵һҲûˡ
µﲻͬ⣬Ͼôˡ
֮ͥüҲ˵ǣشƱ÷ģ¾ͽˣǰǲͬ⣬ΪǶ⣬պǶȥ϶ǣ
ھȥ˵
Ǹ뵽ʲô̾Ҫȥӣ˵ȥȥҶϰȶȫʼĿȥһдܡ
ֱߵź֪Ӧ
ͷ͸⣬֮ͥջûȥڡˣȻϲͲȥһư͵鷳ˡ
ҪܣԺеʱ䣡
˵ˣ밢楼Ҳкܳһʱأ˸ɵúúøǸδ÷أ֪˸Ȣϱģ


136 
ֹա
ŻмҶ, Ҳ͵Ҫȥˡ
֮ͥԭվҪ뿪ģΪ˵ȻУա, 컹ʱ, ˾Ѿˡ׼õųˡպĸ̷˲ٳԵģии, зɵţ, ȫ֮ͥܡ
֮ͥõ󡪴, ϲü, Ǳˡۣ, Եõģ
ĸƼȻǺáѵ
ĸ˵̷Ҳ˯۾֮ͥ߶š·Сġ
ûȥ֮ͥƣֻǴǰ, ڵ߶߶, ȴҪԵðࡣ
浽ٱ⡪̣ʵǧҲˣ˵ǰն˵, ǲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ȿ˿, Ǽǵøдš
á
еͷӦˡ
˵, һչ˺ͺ춹㰲Ҳдš
ֵ˵ͷ, Ӧ˺ãǰȴΪƣŲᡣ
, ´˵ʲôȴֻǿİ˵ңҸ¡
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Ҫ˵䣬֮ͥȴڡԺưͣˣ֮ͥմħצѣ۷ƼкվڡʱС۵ĺȻѾϿɻưͳΪδ÷£ûǰǶദĻᣡ
ˡ
Ӧˡֿ楣ͬ˵ˣ˸дš
šȻᣬȴֺ˷ֿͿ޿Ůӣڳ˶Ҫƽֻ΢΢̧°ͣͷ˵ȥɡǡ㶼ģֻĻ۴ʲôʲôܴúܺá
ţǲͬЦУҵ´κ档
δͬ˵һ㡱ĻҲδ֪İţгգǻڳҲ
뵽⡣
楺ȻηֱҲûʲôˣΪϣ㽡
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ԾվǰĿ뿪Ӱ
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˲գͷȻĴףȻ
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ôˣߴ֮ͥ
Ż뵽ո楺ȻҪǻỹΪǲᣬİ׼ֻǲ֪ˡʵȱǮЩľв٣ҲûҪ楸ǮĻáͿְ̧Ѱϵˡ㣬ǡ߽Լؿڣ·Щ
֮ͥЦ˵û¡
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Ѿ˲ˣÿ׷ϴ󲿶ӡ
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ӺãԵ
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̫ȥ·ϳ£ǰĸͺֱӻҲûܾٹհҪȥˣЩҪͬ˽ԱҶסա
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˵ׯ긮ЩӣҲˡ
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λׯҪ۹ϵý÷
ԭ˵ᣬб׹ϵ硪Ҳǵ游ȨȵӵأϲŮ˳Ϸ˿˸ۡڳҲȥܣʵǽ赤ȥ
ˣĳӣҲǵĸ޹ȥֻɲǺܳĴϮ
ԴϮ֮ȵ۱㡪㿪ʼջȨЩ꣬ȻǡʵͲҲϹű档
ڳʱӿ㡪ֱסң÷Ҳĸųĺӣ֮¼޸ׯ裬˵ʮֶϧ˳ͺӡ뿪
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˼ȥѡֱ˵ȡѵЩ˼ҲЩᣬҺڡˡ
Ƽĸﶼɫæ˵ҵﶼ֪Ȼڵ֪ǰǾڡˣŲĸ˵
ϷЩȣҲûôȣϻƼ楺ǸڡѾо楶ǸӵĲͬˣҳŵȴûôĳɼ΢죬Ҳ͸е֪ϲǸӣҲû˵ʲôֻģЦ˵ϲͺá
µֵ楾ˡ
Ȼ֪ĸϲΪҲû뵽ͬô졣
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ϷЦӦãֻЩ죬ʡ䣬ôȥˣ
ׯ˼ѻдȥ¹Ժˡ
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ϸĸأﻹǾЩԾĸ˵ģҲֻȳȥˡ
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ǰδȥɫ΢˽Ҳˡ
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ҲЩԾԾ󣬿Ϸ΢˵ֻׯλǿ֮ţֻǾλӺ͵Եġѡ
Ҳûпܡ
أϷ˽ŴǸǵĺӡȻûϾǸӶûˣۿǱľ֮ĻᣬǸûɽǸйء
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ǡ۰Ůϲӵãôİԧ죿
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˾ˣϾҲԼųġ
ȵҵԧף˶ޣãȻҲֻܾõ
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鵽ҲͰˣ޷зʹи˵Ե޷֡
ƫƫǸˡ
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֮ͥأԿɵˡᣬתͷƼȻɫƽҲžԼҲôС
ȡ˵ưͣҾͲȥˣһȥɽӪ
ʿٲýҾ֧СֶӶפɽӪȥǻϡڳٺ֮š
á
ףȥɡ䣬СЩ
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Լδ÷ɲϣعѡ
ЦЦû˵ʲôĿ֮ͥ뿪¿Զǳأǲĳ֣ƽоҲЩ̡
ûѡǣǷǣ߽ǳء
֮Ҳûȥׯˡҿջϴȥ֮ǰׯӭˡλͣλź׺ڼףɫĽ


137 
ׯλڳַ, ǳдٹһط˵ׯׯׯӣฮۡǰ֣ǰҲŵ, ⼸ׯ˵˷Ը, Щӻһ˹, һҪд
뵽û, Ǻٵŵˡ
졢ׯŵĵҲ׹ϵ, ǰ, ŷλպǲİҪǰӭ, ƼϲͬȴŵվסӣԽԽǰʱŷӦæ밲
ү
ׯأ쳤פǰ, һĵͳ, ֻǽԴһ˿صŭ
˸ӲˣһۣǾʵʵ˵, үڸ, ү, Сȥͨһ١
û˵, 쳤̧̾ãԼȥļ, Թͷߣ·ׯʲôط
˲׷ĲӣֻȥܼҴš
ׯ˲࣬쳤̵ݣ侪ҲֻĿߣ쳤̾һ·赽ׯ鷿
űĿʱׯվһǰ
鷿ƽռ˽Ժ鷿Ϲܼңׯ޷ڡ
ȴһ㷴ӦûУԸֿǰǾ񣬻ȴҲ£ǽЩ̲ܿ㺣ǻϵŮ̬֣һһҲƻһٻǧµŮӣź£Цݲãòֲͬ
˵еòƺ˪ˮһƮ׽ķ硣
ôϵŮӾȵһĳӵһõĶԲſЦôôá
ҲǺܾǰˡ
ûЦɳܱƸǣʹЦҲǳ
쳤̴һŭ˻δھƼǸ񣬵˾͸ƵģĶһߣȫׯӣڵĻҲȫ˸ɾ̰ò͵͵˽ػ֪Ҳӳ˼ҡ
Ҳˡ
ûƼĵˡ
ġֵģûһ˿Թĵ
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ô
ׯͷ͵ͷţ
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Ϊڸ׸ٹ֮ףЩ
쳤ͳ֮Ȼң˶µԣ㶼𣡡
˭ˣׯԭɢɫ⻰ʱ̱вյڵϣϵĹܼǵǵͷʵүû°ɣ
˵쳤ۿׯؿ£ջӵĿ⣬Ѱ˵û£ȥɡ
ǡ
ŲԶȥׯ¿쳤̣ΪʲôҪԼѡ·ʲôԼšο쳤̣Ϊ񻹻Ҷ˵Ļ𣿡
ڳмɵңΪܺõȥ񲻹δҵˣ˵гһиõѡׯ¸Լһյ裬ȴżʱֻĽ֣
쳤ü֪Թܡ
ʵһ˿ԹûУׯܸϵʱܵһȭׯ裬ֻЩԹԣκİҪġ
˲Ϊ
쳤û˼ԿΪδ

ׯ֪ʣ˭
쳤Ŀ΢С
ŶǸӰҲУչһˡׯЦ쳤̣ԹƷôǺʶ
ׯ裡
쳤ڱ˻ǰһְϸһ־ׯ½Ҳ˺˪֪Ѿ鵽ˣ㣬㾿ʲô
֪֪жΣգ֪
֪Σ
еĲյûȣˮֱϣϣׯȴûһüָֻյҲվͬס쳤̵½ñҪʲôʲô
׵𣡡
Ļ쳤̵ĻҪԴ֪쳤̰µĺӲǸطô꣬һֱѹԼĻڿɢˡ
ͬλȨصˣʱȴ྾ŶԷ½ŭӶԷɽһ㡣
쳤̣ô꣬ҵģµĺӣǸطô֪֪꣬Щôģ
ڽ긮Ӳ˲ٻе¡
ҷ򸾵ȷ۰ɵײԼĺӣЩңҲֲǺһֱôӣҷ򸾽ܱĶˣǻỹʮĻһҪչԼಡãһ߻ҪдԴ任ǮǷҲǺӴϻ۷ǷЩ꾹ҲһЩ
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쳤̵Ŀעׯ裬˵һ治ĻѲɻòɣ
ׯɫ΢䣬ȴֻǵ˵ҵ룬ҲԸǾǸ˵ĵطͷֻڸ߸ĽУҲϣصĵط
֪ΪΡ
쳤̲Ŀ⣬ׯϵ飬͵ΪһӣǺһע˶Ŀѵһ㶼ûҪʲô
쳤̣ǸӲһӴǸطĲѧҲڴǸط
ҴΪ֪ЩªĹȥֻվ̫£ȥӵӵеһС
ׯ΢΢Ȼµĵһ档
Ǹʱֻһò߽¹Ժȴܾ裬¾Ⱥڰʱ򴳽ǵһȺŹǽǣȻһźµС
ôˣ˭۸𣿡
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Ҳ뿪ˡ
ֻǲȴֻˣСˣ͵˸ҽݣӱ˿֪ô»ͷǻʵмЩЦĳϷ룿
͵ԭα¶
ȰȰȴʼûȵԭα¶һ죬άûһ˿ҪŪ˼ҲΪʲôǱǱߣҲȥæһˣһûһ˿ڰ浥һ˿ªҲ뱻ˡ
Զǵ˵Ļ
˵ׯС裬㲻ҪȥǣǾǼ۸㣬ڣԺͲ۸ˡҪúöѽҵΪٰЩ۸˲ȵŵء
㿴и֣עҪӵ̫ġ
֪֮һ֣ԭڰעĶҲ֪ӵĴ̫
ΪׯǰȻúܰ
쳤̿Ӱٳٲ˵һڸ߸ĽУȻ󷢳һ̾Ϣׯ裬һӶ֪
֪Σ
ׯϻɣ᳼ޣõ𣿡ȻԹܣҲ֪ܲõ֮С
Ȼ
Ҳû취ϻػС
û취ԼϻǸӣͬҲκ˳ΪǸӵĸס
Щׯܶ
Щദ֮˭һһĸֱ任
İɣҲǸ˵ʲôҡ
ׯ軰û˵꣬쳤˵Ҳ˵ܡ
ǣׯһǰ˵Ǹ֪Լǻҷ
ʲôׯɫڱˡ
쳤̴۽ޣ򴽣ǲĸףûشطĴϻۣΪã
䡣
ܼҵȴͨΪòүˣǸˡ


138 
ׯ豾öԻеĵе, 쳤̵Ļȴݵʧ񣬵ȻعһṦͷܼҲ֪ͷʲô, ֪εľκ, ֻΪβ𻰡
ΪǸ˹ͷˡ
ѯʣūѰ, ڹȥ𣿡
ȥ
ׯΨһ˵Ļ, Ĭ쳤, ŹܼӦ, ѯʣ˵Ķģ
ۼ쳤Ŀ, ʹδشׯҲȻȷ˵ġ
쳤̻Ϻ˵Ц
ׯû˵𲽣˫ü, Ҳһֱ, Ĳͬԭǻв֪飬ʶ, ʹպ֪Լ͵, ֻ⺢ҲΪЯΪԵ
񡪡
⺢Ӿ֪Լǻҷ
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ְضӺʱ̫ˡ
, ӶգǸʱпܵǻľǵճȻǳһлʺ֧֣ǵճѪһĸҳһó糯ȴΪĸ΢˿ãƫƫٵǴ󱦣ʤĹؼ̳ȵѲ˵ĸϵ
ׯ貢ѻкᲢۡ
ΪǴ󱦿ԲֶΣΪıȡȵ۵ηİŮˣɾ˽⣬ǸȴʽΪ֮˲Żѡ·
ڽ긮ʱǲ׶ȵӡ
ͷһǵڶȴ˽Ĺȥ
֪ǸǰЩѧҵڣҲǲˣ֮ǰԡԡԺζߣɾһ꣬ȻǱ˸ˣڲԼķâҲñ֪Լĳڡ仯ԭλŮ
ŻС
ȥΪӵһѪҺΪƷԣӵֱϡᶨʹڰҲŬĻƷԡ
һ㣬޹޹ػ
֪ˡׯ迪ڡ
쳤šü֪δ㣬ȴֻǸ°ڸ֮һЦЦоǰʧ̬Щ̬֪֪֮ɣǸӵƷԣʹ֪ҲΡ

ϣ֪
Щ£֪Խ࣬˵ҲԽ
ǰ쳤ԣʲôܣܴϣд׵һգοһ䲻ϻ˽»᲻ͬ˵ʲôׯҲȷһգǸӻ֪һջøһЩ
Ҫȥˡ
ׯ˵ԼЩҵ½δ쳤һۣҪŵʱ򣬲Żͷ˵һ䣬ΪãͲҪȥѡʲô·Ҫѡʲô·Լϣҡ
쳤Ŀ΢Ǳܣ촽һЩȴʼûзһԡ
ׯҲδٶ˵ֻͬһᣬ̧ȥ

쳤Ӻ뿪ġ
ճȥͿͣһȴׯˡ
ׯ근ʮúż飬ͨѾ߷Ŵԭׯˣֻȥ磬۸һׯؼҼʱƼˡ
ۼٹ쳤̽վͷׯһ²ЦźˣˡׯΪĸףˣȻҲðֳ쳤һˡ
쳤̿˵ͷȴһ㣬һ
ׯ׹뿪ȵԶȥ̧ͷԹͷߣŵʱлСˣأ
үڴ͡
ͣׯЩ죬һ˲ǵʱ˵λˣ
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ׯҲЩ汻ʶʲôģ㳯Ǳ߿һۡ
һȴסˡ
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гף̬ȲĿȴʼûϣǴһò롣
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ѾЩС㣬ôˣ
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΢΢һݸˣҲϰȲš
ҲһҲЦ
֮ϣϢ⴦طͬòŮһЦ


139 
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ڶݵЦˣǰôԺҲôǣ
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˵˻ᣬԪûпڵ˼ǡ
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Բδ𻰣ֻһյ裬˵߰ɡ
ԭ뿪ģǰǴ游իЩʱѾˣҲ֪Ҫȥʲôط洦洦һջֻͣһ;С
ǰʻߵ޵·Ĭػߣһ·С
ֱ߾෴·ȥ
*
Ѯ
¹Ժѵɢѧʱ䣬һѴһѧӴͷµѧׯŵԽԺʱҲвﰵദˣھҲѡ
һһиֵһ߽Űӣһߺͻ˵У˵˼٣ʮ죬ʲô𣿡
¾ͺ˵
һЩݵҲ˵ԣҪ¾ͺ˵Ȼ谻ֵ˵ˡ
ЦЦû£ֻҪؼһˡ
ؼң
Щȣһۣ⻹ûأؼʲô
ȻΪǣֻ極ȥ˵ȻԶһϤС

лһ𣬽ŲҲͣƲţ̧ǰȥֶһУȥ¶޵Цݣ


141 
ȻӰ, оЩûܷӦĿ͵ؿˣ΢ţȻһ𾪹ȵģ, λһ, ѭ˹ȥƼ˵ò, вһĨޡ
ѯʻ, ˭
һºͳޡ, ȴȡѴ󲽳Ǳ˹ȥ, ģѾƲ, С˱ȥ
һٶûеλסˣɢѧؼҵѧҲ׷ͣ²ӣЩȵسпȥ, Ȼû뵽Ȼһ档
ǻΪλλׯʶ͵̩ɽѹҲ治ɫľ, ϾսԺʱǿûŪҲų, ʲôʼղ, ʹԥύʶ, Ҳһ費ģۺû, ⸱ɫ
ǲųԾ
ԾİŮ˾ǺηʥȻûб
楲֪ʲôۼСܹΪڱĳ, ַ΢΢۾ȴʼһգգؿ·ΪΣһգۣҪʧЦȥͷϵĺôʲôһʧɣ
Ϥͷ϶вⲻΣˣߣĻϲҲزס۾Ҳؿʣôˣ
ǰȥˣˣ楱ûεüȻˡ
˵Ѱȴö΢죬ϵҲ΢΢£һ£ʹһдʱˣЩԲ楺εĻȣοһǻֿ˿µʱ䡭˼ҹԼǰʹĿȴʼû㡣
˵Ҳˡ
̾ڸпʲôûס촽һЩ죬ղһ·۳Ͷ٣ʵɣɿУȻҲá楺ȻܾǰơˮǻỹЩ֮Աǣ˵⻰ᣬϲˣž⻰Ҳ١
Լϲˡ
ΪǧҲȻ
Ҫеһ⣬λǣ
̧ۿȥƼˣͻһװ磬һݣźǾӣһЩ֣Щ񡭡ˣҲʶǰΪ׼޸֮Եʣÿ֮ʱð˰ıͶ˻Ҳ˻ʶȴ֪ǺˣֵׯģݵǹӼƷ֮ӷ
ǳƺе֣֪Ǻͻйϵǳû뵽ԺύѣȻȣȴҲοܵĻӣύѡ
㣬Ȼˡ
ǵҲ˺ӣոջȵˣ糣ˣȺ楽ܣλԺύѣģǷҪ롢˽極ʱȴЩסˣ˵ʾԼδޣǰ楲֪£ڡκ˼
楲֪룬ֻǲΪѣЦŽӹδޣ
ͼǰ˶Щȵģֱӻͷת˲ĹЦЩߣüȴǰҪá
롢˶һۣһŸпԭδް
ţ
ʲôУЩ⻰Ѳ֪δ޲ɣǡĿͶǸʵˣղԥʲô
пͶĿ⣬Щ˼һƲͷ¶糺Ķ
ûƼǵ˾ֻЦ˵Լδ޵ʱǻţΪǹ⡭û˵ͱײ¡
ײʲôıײˣüƫͷ
һͷ죬ҪǲײСӿ϶ҪԺЩСϲ¶˵ˣƽʱԼ˵˵ҲͰˣδ޶ˣ֪󻹲ⳳ죿ջĿ⣬楹ִ˸кС㡣ֺͻ˵Ǿˡ
á
еͷ
Ҫߣתʱһ£æͣ²ӻͷʻУ⣬㻹ؾ𣿡
вĿ⣬ҡͷˡ
Ŷһû룬ֻǵԺõĹ̫ˣ㡭û˵꣬ͱŲ뿪⣬Զˣֵ
楿úЦпü˵
лҪء
áӦһ
Ҫȥģ楱㱨˻Ṇַ̀˫ֿУʼƹˡʱδˣҾ֪
ÿÿЩ˼һת⣬㿴ʣ楣ʲôʱ򵽵ģôҲǰ˵һǾҪˡ
ôᱻСƭüһҪ˵ģ
û취һᣬǰˣ˵֮ǰԺˡң鷳˵δ޵¡
Ȼˡ
ո˵ʱ楱Ծˣ˵Ҳ޹ʻѵģοδºЩ˵ʲôԭΪ˿˰
¹Ժ֮⣬һЩŮҲͷѧ
˵֪ޱߣǰɽʵҲвٹϲֻһǧ֮ģǱߵĹֶһŻǸȻҿӽ£ǵΪĹ
ǰ޸кҲвŮҲﰮ⣬ӱʾԽͬΪޡ
ŷֿ£͸һ楻ЩΡ
лֻǸС䣬ոУٽãֻһء
楣ˣмæסֽŵûǽʲô֪Դ֪δ޺ҲͲˡ
ţͷķǡ
һģ˵Ҳǰ򶨣һַۣ롢˵ںͷҪ˹ȴסˣ˵ˣ
楿ǺЦΡ
ƽն򶨵һˣ¶óҪѷ롢˺֪Ǹ׸ףű߼ʵĴ׶ԡ
ţûסݺݾĸ첲
һϰݣʵǾ⣬һû
楾͸ˣ£ȴסŵϣһ㶣С˵㾾ɣֲ࣬ۡ
һΪ仰ʱʧӰˡ
мȴӵˣôˣ˵ž־Լˡ
ãæס֣ǽŵɫûסЦѷϵָΪĲϣҲϣɻȴˤηס
ȷȺ
̧ͷСʣ楣㲻ˣ
楿ҡҡͷԭҲûֻǾáˣҼһôôأ浣ļСӰˡ
˵Цȴشֻϲ㡣
촽ҲûסһЩȴǹ˵ڲʶ˰Ժ˳õ˹٣˹Ů
û˵ͱαסˡ
˵һα־ҪѪü棬Ժһˣϲֻһ楡
ľôһ㣬ŲˣҲٷˣֻҪ
ԭǺЦģĻشһĻеͷ飬ûס˵Ǹɵӡ
ƺɵӡȴЦ
ЦģǺܺÿģѩڣЩͲóֵĺôͻȻˣ֪Ҫڳ¥¡
楱˵ˣĿ죬Цź˵ʲôʱģ
һи룬ҲЩɳˣʲôʱ򣿡
楰ָϣһ縧΢ı˵ȥĸʱҾѾˡ
룬պҪȥġ
һϵıҲд˲š
ڣҪѯʣȴ·֪˵ʲôüĵسЦУ룬ҺǰѾϲˡ
ԲŻ˵һԵʱȴδļƻм

δļƻмΪƻ˵δںܾúܾǰѾϲǰˡ
֮ͷȴжݵذ
֪˶ãв楡ȴֻ֣ܺٶģȴ˵ˣֻļϡ
Цţţ뵽ղĵĻֵؾʲô
⻹ûǵʱء
Ҳû¡
⻰Щ˼԰ļϣ˵ǿ쵽Żȥ
һΣʧЦ
ҲûסЦŰļϡ˻뵽һȥˡ
ԭǼƻ´κƽһϾľ¥ûʰã¥Ҳûѵãֻ쵽ˣΪ˸һϲһ˳
û뵽˾Ȼһ
ҿҽյˣҪȻֻµôˡЩԼһ·δôͣҪȻһ˳һȴɽ
ͷ˵𣬶֪ǸЦǸΡ
кһ
ҪΪ
ǰʻбʵס
֮ͥȻ˹ְƽնסھӪҲûðլðˡͰ楻δɻ飬סһ𣬺ﵹ룬ֻǲ˵
ԣϰ̧ȴԹĲϣü˵أ


142 
򵥵ȴûеָơ
ʵסһҲ, ҪȻðһסڿջҲģȻҲ, ЩջסŵʲôĶ, ôܷһסĵط
լԭԤķ䡭ֻǸ, ԭǼƻ˳ɻ·õġ
ȻһЩ, ŮҪס, вԵĵ
һͨ, Ҫ˵ȴѾȡۡһ, ߵۣУլס, Ǻð, ԼȥҿջסˣҴԶܵΪ˺һûĵġ
Īϡûġĳһ, ȷӦ, æ޴ؽ͵ûС
ԭǶ, ôͣҴ⸱ſڽģϲĲ, ˵ղԥôã϶Һһס, סͲס߾ˡ
˵Żɿ֣һҪ뿪ģ
бǰڱ׾࣬ۼҪ߸ǼòУƫƫֲ֪ôͣһ裬ֱת˸ѹϣȻסƱֹ߻ߵڰ׵졣
Ƭ촽һʱ˶סˡ
ѾкܳһʱûȹˣҲ˵ֿ⼸£ɽʱΪļලҲܾûôˣһΥǡȻǻס極죬˵ֹ뿪²ˣᱧһôľ룬һӾͱȼˣֻ컥࿴ţҲ֪ôˡ
ȷΪֱ롣
ҲҲ˲Ǿ֮磬ۣǡ

ǽʱ
Ѿ쵽ס췻ˡ
ǰƣȵ῿ڻеĻĿ⿴ŻͷŶΪղȶ˵һֱ֪Ǹѧһ֮ʼֻɵ죬ͷᡣ
ԽԽ
ҲĶ֡ͷϳѳܵһֱûı浶ʵǹֻɾΪΪˡ
楺
ĸԼѧԼ¶̫˰ɣֲӣѧ͸ʤҪѧԼˣԺôǱԵģ
ţ楱ȥһȴƳϵʱ΢΢֡
ԭҲô
Ҳ֪ãһ㲻ˬȻɢˣͺϾϵȻԼҲѣֱ
ôң°Ŀϣ楿ϣüѯʡ
û˵ֻŴȻְ̧촽ϵˮĨˣָϵˮʱ楾ѵúһҪ˵Ͳͣͷ𳵷С㣬ӣˡ
š
Ӧһ
ҪͼѾʮȻذְֵݸҪȻҲû飬λз
ڸǮʱ楾أԿǰլ
췻Ȼڻʳռȴ󣬴඼һӣʵɽĻҪСʤ徻ûʲô߰ˡ
Ȼк楻ǵһۿլӣǰסǸطҪСЩҲҪƫЩ
ϾǸʱѾˣǸʲôûеİ¡
ʵʹôһլڵ֪µʱҲʮ־ȵģ˵Ѿ֪вСˣֻ꣬ƾһˣ˼ǷȻǮڳһլ
ǲ̫Сˣ
Ѿˣ極ߣ˵ʱЩִ١
ⷬЦŻͷס֣Сˡͼ˫Ŀһ¾׽ھһֻҳϵСֹˣеЦⲻɸˣ˻֣Ц˵ҽȥ
á
ЦӦǣִӣ·ͬ˵㵱ҵǮҶˣԺ׬ٸ㡣
ԼȻл
楸ЩǮýȥˡ
ʵҪǸ˸ЩǮͲҪõ極ǮһլӸ붯Ǹ˵Ķ
ԭǸġ楺Ц
ֻԭŸԱʱ֮õģ뵽˾ȻӣֲǲķۣǵǮֻռӵĺСһ֡
ô˵Ҳû˵ʲôֻǣ֣еĲá
һţһ濴ССһ㣬ԺӵͦģǰӦҲͦϲģԺһЩݳöܲɽʱ࣬üͳԷںͷӣһСȻΪסǼ䣬ԹǣŻеߣƿŲƼͷȻȫȴסӣҿĲȻǸŮõģױ̨Щ
һͷС
εǲѯʣоͿˣֻǱǰҪ˼ҿ˵ŵԺǳˡٰᵽס
ǻỹû뵽楻ʱ
˵ͱ˱סˡ
ŮִӺͷסлһ޹ģҲˣôˣ
ûʲô
極ᣬǺȻ뱧㡣
ȻǹٻʵһֱĵطΪǵԺš
õһЦ֣˵ȣȽȥ
Ȳȥ
վֱӣڻ΢΢ЩĿ£ͬЦȥһط˵Ҳ˿ڣԹǣͷߡ
ȻҪȥʲôطҲûʣǣԼͷߡ
Ȼߵ˸ڡ
ǰţкȻһͷ
ǰãӸձһˣд·ǶԷ˵žǱߵĿֵȴûסֻżЩ͹
Ѳɡ
Ų˼Ŀ⿴楡
Ҳ˵ֻŽŲͷһ䡰˭Цҡ
С㣿
極̼Ҵ˼ûһᣬžͱˣǸװİź󣬿楼ȦˣҪǰסˣƼһṫվһǿţỨȴѾдתˡ
極Цɿ˻е֣ǰ°˵ˡ
ࡣ
æ֣ʵĻҪ˵Ҳ֪տ϶ûգĨ˵ū澶ʰˣȹţūȻȥ
־ͬסھ¥ǿ飬ƽʱල£Ϊǰյ極˵ǽᵽš
極ͷĿͰ뿪ſѾס˵ĻС
⸱㶵ģЦ޵üë󳯻֣С

Ŀ⻹Щ΢͵ؿЦ㲻˵ǼլСסǣһ䣬Σ


143 
ǰЦ, üһ⽾ʮźͰգ·ж㲻ʲôпУȴ΢΢, Ȼ뱧, ղڸʱͻȻӵһ
Ҳôˡ
εذӵԼĻ, , ʲôʱģ
, Ҳ, ֱۻЦְţд֮󡣡
ʵլĲ, Ҫм۸ֻ߳࣬ŵŵĻ֪լðѯ, ԭסһԾ̵ķ, ҲǴȥϷչˣſϳ֣ҪȻֻ¼۸ٸ߶
Щǲø˵ˡ
ֻҪ֪, ɻǰһͺá
Ǳ, ҲѾ˵, ٹʱ䣬Ҿȥǽӹ, ʱҲһ楼˵
бɤһ
ʹ楲˵, ᲻֪Ĳף÷ׯܼҳ棬ҪȻڳʹǮֻ¶լҵǶԷլʱüЦȻļǮʮֲ
û뵽ͰźЩ
ûк˵һ˾ͰǵԺ󶼸ˣļҲһŽȥˡţּһЩ
楼⸱ֵģҲɵ
ͷ֪ʱˣǺ«ͷǵСһۣһȻָ˴еؿڡ
ôˣ
˰ͷЩġ
Цǲⱻ㱧õģҪҪȿ󣿡
죬ӲŲӻͷ͸СۣСúܣۼϸֺƣߣߡ
ŻеĺԽԽԣûסЦ
ЩЩȣֲ˼˵ʲôֻǣ極ֻݣȰŹϣͷߣϵĺβźЩ
ҲûٶЦʵȹ䣿
Ҳǵһء
Ȼûвͬĵ˱ǣֹլҪȻǼһЩΪ֮ǰǶԷ򸾾̣ʱҪ͵ԵʣԺӲõõʮ־ôСһռ䣬ȻҲǱƵĸ˼ɽˮһСͷ塢βԵðβζ
仹ô
Ժǻһеĵء
ͷȵˣصǿֲˡʵͦµòڵġ
ɽˣŶʶˣҪڼû¸ɾȥڴţһྸӺȺȲ裬͸˵ˣÿիһߣصһҪĿҵÿʱ䲼õúҲܳʵ
ҪͻȻ˳زģ楻浣ĵòڡ
֪ʲô֣˵֮ǰ⸽Ҳիպڼû£ȥի
ҲǸӡ
İǽˣպȥ뷨Ӿˡ
˵ЩΪʱ硣
˱תǰԺԺӵʱָǽںͻ˵ͷǿ԰ǽڴȻŪţԺǹҲ㡣
ȫûע⵽Լ˵ЩʱѾͻгǣ·ѾףǷˡ
ģһ楣Ӧһá
ա
楣סģ
£̧ͷУ֪Ӧ⻰˵̫ϲȥĺˣͰͬ͵ңûб˼Ҿһסź¡
Ȼ֪ûб˼
ƫ⸱ģȵģ̲ס۸£д楹°ͣüô˵ҲءϾɽز죬ǸլӣҲ֪ǰûг£Ҫ
ôһͣ٣û̲סʵҪʲô
Ҫ
楴չȥż⸽Ķ˵˯òã
ڶԣеȸղŻҪ죬ȴûоܾ˵ͷոտˣڣͷѱҪиʲô£ڸڣȥҲ㡣
ͷȥѶùסڣ¾ͺҡ
䣬ͼǰŮЦӯӯʱ¶ʲôҲһֻһۣ֪楸ոڶ
ƫƫúܣ֪ˣչЦӯӯôڲԿηˣ
ȻôһʶĻл£뵽ȷԼ֮ȥ֮ʱҲʹ𵱳ԼҲǺЦģϲϲòУƫװģѵӽҡͷʧЦһ̹ȻЦ¡
üҪ˵ȴǰ˵ո˵ˣҵδޣδ򱣻δӦõġ
һ楳ʱ£ȷӦûס̧ȥʮᣬðУѧˣҶˡ
ǵëëƵģһ㶼ֻۣˤԼЦŷסֹˣŸһǣȰѰýȥȥ
ֵڣ춼ˡ
極ͷĿͻȥ˺ԼŰ˷ʰϴһһȥʱǱѴ˻ԺѣӾۣñҲȡ
ȣϺʹŴͨ磬ҲȵòУӭţ˵ĶͷѾвٺˮˡ
죬лͷƼ楣һĨЦҲģˡһʢһˡ
ȴûӦĻȥţߵһԣһɾӣ˰Ѳ˶˹źþ˲ͷĺ
Լɡ
Щ˼ҲԼںģš
楶Եѽ㣬ָ̧˲ţҲˡͷʱ򣬻оʹۿ˫۾ƽղһƽĺˮһ㣬ȴ·̲ǧǳ紺棬ٻʢޱȡ
ԭ˲꺹ҪλˣȻһײ¶ʱһ֣ҲЩ
С
Ȼᡣ
ôˣеβ䣬Ӿͱһ˫ֹˣ˿Ļż𣬺ʣҪȳԷȳң
ʲʲôеĶҲýˡ
楱ûٺ˵Թ£ͨ㡣
ոһǲĻ𻨺һֵȼˣб˼£Ҳˣ뷴Ϊͷȴһզզãģ
Ȼ֮ͥ
Щʧ˴룬˫Ŀݵջ֣վӣǻ˫룬˭ˣü֮ѵôһЩպ;ɥƺźûܼǡ
楿úЦѹɤ˵һ䣬´θ粻ڣٸס
˫Ŀһ£ƼеЦЩ˼Ʋͷһ˵ûС
üһۣҲüƽĿķǣŸԽԽ߳ȥˣ磬ء
лҪ˵һ˵ĸû
ˣ


144 
Ժĵƻȥǻͱе, һ׺˿еĹɴƣͷŸʽлݳ棬Ҳиɽˮᱻƻһ, һ, 
һɫ֯˪ɫȹվƻõĹӰŮһ㣬ЦӯӯؿŴǰתӡ
֮, һͦεӰ極С
ǰ, ֮ͥø緢, Ҳ˵ĵ, ٷ⽫Ϊ˱ðΪ˴ǰûо, Ӷ
楿֮ͥӺӰ˽ˣЦźһ硣
֮ͥ, ԭϵĳһɢ, ۾һ˳سã
֮ͥηͣǳ֮֮ͷ, һƷķ, ڽӪ¡
մӽӪɢֵ, ϴͳһĽΣ, һĨõЦݣһ˹úúһ, ֻɵĻû˵Ƽ߳ĻС
Ųʱһ֮ͣͥʮûغưͣô⣡
Ȼ˿϶ǰˣ֮ͥǷǳˬ
ҲǰӲ֪üִﳤϢ˵к˵լλãһ򲻼£ӪæȻϤתͷ֮ˣҲǽյſڣŷլȻǱڵģ𵱳ɽʱͬ˵ǷָߣΪԺóˣҲͼ룬ܸίǽܹȥѻһ٣ΪûأþΪпˡҵûֲտ˭֪ڵʱ򣬻л԰ʲô
һ롪
֮ͥмֱĶ˳ۣüë졣
楺֮ͥദˣ֪ô˳ëЦǰĸ첲ҶˣãǸҪԷء
֮ͥһ⻰ĲˬȻɢȥһЩ
ȽƼϵĲˣϲģһ㲻ҲʧˣΰûԾûư͸ˣ᲻Լء
֮ͥ塣
ǲܾô
Ϊӱģ֮ͥһˣһˣ³Էɡ˶£˵ǵ׻ûгɻ飬Ժԣܾôû
Уûó楴ֻתͷƻС
еû˼ǸĬԵӣֻ楼Ųˣͷһ֪ˣҲỵ˰極
֮ͥһЩֿ楣Իʱֻͬ۰Ͱ͵ؿ楡
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ûƼˣҲģŻиеòˣŸֺһЩӺԽͦΣʵڽΣ
֮ͥһЦأģæ˵㡣
楿ƺæʲô룬˵֮ǰ˼ٽ˽ؾеµ֪ϳ˽ԼйصĹԱӪ֮ǰһͳͽϵУķͳڳӪΪӪһ٣ֲ㣬ҪĻҲͶһЩ
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ʧƣ֮볯ΪپͲᱻᣬׯҲͲ¡ôһ˳
вЩǡ
ôˣڸϺ̧ͷƼ΢΢üѯʡ
֮ͥҲˣ楣ͻһ¶ǵ飬ŵãôˣ
Ȼðеĵͬ˵ֻҡҡͷȰ֮ͥڽ£мҪС
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楼δٶԣȴܻһĨǡ
ͷ֮ͥͻкȾʱ㿴û˵ʵϲǣ̫ıƣһСľЩֳ֡վǳ㡣
ҪԽյ
ǻУС躹ô꣬ôΪԼһ˽ӴɽУ
Ӧϵĳǳз⣬˶ǵ֡
ˡ
ܹǰܺԥ֮һ˽ⱲҲԡ
˵Լһͬм֮أţеĨҲɢˡ

֮
楺ͻУһȥ¥һȥԺϱһȥżھ¥ԣ֮ͥڽ£û취ÿֻҪÿҲ
ӹڣûʲô˵¡
ΨһЩεǡ
ΪƭĻоȻŵһȥɣǻؼӣûбˣţְѶϴֻ꣬Ӿ뿪
ڼ䣬Ҳˡ
֪ȻΣҲȥˡ
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ڵɽ켫һʱĲһûпΪ¥ֺһʼӣҪԤܳԵҲϴɽԹͻȻڳԵʱ򻹴סˣȻ֮ǰھطҲԵײڣճԵȴɽԵһģһһ֪ԭײ֣ǰѷֵ꿪ˡ
һڿഫ¥ȻҵһѮҲûȥ

ҵˡ
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Ҳûҹ鷳
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Ѿˡ
⼸һЩ²ʽһЩˬڵĲȣʺȵ죬մӺ¥ȥƼĴͷ˽
ɩɩ
ȳ
롢ΪвŹĳʱվˣҲϤˣģͺóԣ¥Ĳȼθڣ֮УȻܵûҪڡ
ƺʱ򻹺ĲҪҺ極ν
ҲֹҪ¥ĲӣЦųȥôôŹɨһۣʣأ
ⱻˣЩʱܹ˻
ڼвǳˣ֮ûؾ׼ƿҲˣڱѧѧҪЩ極ͷȥ˼²ʽó
һ²ˣЦ۾
Ҫȥûж˼Цһ䣬ôȥ
ЦиѣɩɩùǣˣǾȥˡ
極ͷҲû̫ϣҪ뿪ȴһ𣬡ϱأҿмϤ˵楱ͣ²ӣѭȥ
Ŀһͷڣµˡ
ԼĪʮ塢꣬һ£ޣǸմ䳡üۣܰЦͷܴţǸʮɡ
楿ȴ΢ѵЩʧɫغˣԥ
Цӯӯ極ʱҲһ㶣ȵغ㣿ĺͷϵҲ


145 
ԥ, ֮Ů
ãҲĸֶŮ楴ǰĸʱĸҲλԥ¼, , 谵ȷýһ㡣
ֻҲǰˡ
һס÷롢˼Ϊ, һῴ, һῴ, λûס, 谣, δʲôʱˣҼǵҲûŮ
Ļš
ȴһˣֲϴԺʱ;ЩϤû뵽ǣλС㲻Ǻӡ
ȻҲڼȵľ֮Уûüش, һ˾ߴ۵Сۡ
Ȼع, ױǶһľݵҲûʲôˣֻлʮֳԾоȻԥá
ôʶģ
ǵԥ¹Ժ鰡
˵ǰкԥҲ, ǺܾԺˡ
һණ, ǰõҲΪ档һѾ̨, пܵǻľǰλԥк, ⵹Ҳ󡭡˵ͻӽãܹ黹Щǡ
ⲽӻû, ͱ˷˵ɡ
Ӷλӣء
ǵģҲûвֻպඣЩҲ֪ô
Ҳڻعˡ
˼ߵǰ˵Щͣ㣬㡭⣿
楿ϵ𾪣Щ뷨ȫѹȥ糣غ˵ţҪɻˡ
谿ŻǺ𾪣촽΢ţһȵ
ȴûٶ˵ֻ˶࣬ȥȥ׼ȡ˵žͳһףת뿪ˡ
Ŀ뿪Ҳ¥ȥ˵˸ʣҲû¥˶ӵĵطһᣬʵҲӦˣֲϴʱʲôʱףɫôѿԭǱˡ
µûʲô˵ģȻЩҪɻ楾ȻδޣҲǾȰˡ
ǿ᷿ʱһ£Ȼ
ˣ
֪ϱǱ㣬ղ⣬ѱҲˡ

楲֮ҲԸӺˣյͷƼһѹŮŽˣеҲмģΪĪׯ
ׯҲŲһ͡
˴ǰϯϼ棬Ȼ죬Ҳеͷ֮ȳ極˵ͷ
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ⷬЩȣׯҲ࿴һۣиСĹûסʵ㣬ǻеδޣ
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ǰӦȫû˼
ʶ֮಻üǰ׼޸ôֳ˻еδޣ˵ɴһЩġ
ׯ༸ʶʶģῴĿⶼЩ˵иĽ֮ĸӴãԵ𣿡
أ
ׯüתͷ楱ǸǸȻȥˡչҲΪ˵뿴еδ޳ʲô±һˣȴû뵽
極ûʲôġ
ν˵䡰޷Ҫ뿪ǳȥȴ֮վںͷüǸСءŮӡ
죬ӡ
˶û뵽֣һʱׯãҲһ
֮ȿһ楣ްְĿͶ⼸ŮӣׯʱʲôĿͣһ˲ֿǸء˵ûжԲҡ
⽫ȴ޽֮ƫƫóǵŮǶ־¡
ֻǼ򵥵һ䣬ȴһŮ̧ͷǰԲŵҵĿˡֺׯ˵Ҫò𣿡
ׯһߵŮһͷȻǱ֮ŵˣЩεҡҡͷ˵վͲˣǸ
ӦһáĿ뿪ſ֮㡣
֮΢΢üǸ
ʲôõǸģ楺Цһл˵ء
һüģҲû˵ֻ˵ԥǾ¥᷿ȥɡ
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Ȼ˵µʱ
ǿԺɡ

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Ǽ۽Ժһβ̵ľ룬ֹǲûǮ϶ȥ
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ܡ
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ݵİո˳λչ
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ϲԭһĵ˰
·ǰǣ˵һǰˡ
ûйҲû취ֹ
Ȼѡ·Ժֻ¸أΨһľһԺͳе
̾˿ԼһУҲֹˣҪұ֤ۺʱȿԼԼҪģҲҪʲôӢֻۣҪƽƽ˵žס½ͷЩûУ
д
شȴʧһ㡣
ӵס楣ͷȵܹˣɤӦһá
Ӧ
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ڴʱű˴ͷƿ
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˵žܿ
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楶˵ͷһܿĽŲ


146 
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֪ܿ, ü, û̸ȥȻദ, ҲѾ谵ӡƽʱȻǰһЩ, ǻ˵, ǲõķŵľ֪
ҸղûźϺáü΢, תͷ楽͡
極νģ˾Ϳ, Ҳ֪һˣû¡
һҲٺͻ˵ȥˣ̧ҵ, ȹȥ, ǵȼˡ
еͷӦá
֮ҲڣȻ˶, ֳʲôì, һ, ԥ֮Ҳˡ
һȷӦЦˡ
Щǵü, Ц̧ͷ˵ûµġ
Ӳ, ֻϲ
ӵһģپ

ʱ᷿С
롢ĬĬȾƣǶͬںȾƵ֮㣬ֻǵľִ٣֮Եڶˡ
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˻ǾúΡ
ۼ谺ŲæŽ˿æ¾յ־飬ôˣ
û
ôܺ˵ոտΣƳ翴Ŀ⣬ûסһƺ֪ͦżŲӻλºȾƵĶܿעӡ
أ
Ҫشžͱƿˣ˽һȦ˵ˡ
ļЦӯӯվ⣬Ƴ֮㣬Щ˻᲻ҪǴĻǰ⻹ǰ֮㣿
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ͷۡ
ϯ䣬Ȼ¶ɫҲ˼£ǻк֮ûжķӦ
߹˴кֺ֮˵ͷʮֿغһӡ
š
֮Ҳûı飬ɡ
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ҡҡͷҲ֪Ψһܹ֪ǣʹûˣؽҲ''
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ӡ
߳˽ؾеʲô
һδشҲֻһȥݵ񣬽Ȼᣬź;λڣѱһղ
⡭Ϊβϳͽګګ
ȴӿƺ⣬нԥֿڻʴǽʧƣôԥˣֻ֮٣еģ
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֮㿴һۣյյ䣬ȴǻУǰǰźǻźǰܺ˺úúһؾƣû뵽Ըˡ
ã͸ŰɴĴһѲýâ
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֪δ
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֮һ
һҪͲĸ˵ˡ˵űߡ
Ҳͬ˵ЩŮһʱҲûˣĿ뿪ȷֽѯʸôõʱˡ
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æӦˣ˵ҼλС㲻ûӣҪҪȥλСǿţ
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147 
֮ϵԺӳ, һ·Լȥδߵڰ·Ƽ˹鸮쳤̡
쳤һ£̴Ӵӵ
ĸߴ󣬴ԶһΡĸɽ, ͦοıӰԶԶž;ð, ü絶棬, ͬһ޵ıԶǽ״̬, ˾һĹ, ûһ̷ɡ
ҲЦ
֮ʮ, δĸЦ
ñǼŷɥֲηѵĴκսͨ鰮һ㣬ʹԼļ, Ҳûչ¶һ˿ɵЦգˣӱˣҲˡ
֮㲢Ϊ˾þɥĻԹߡ
һΨһĽĶ, ıҪ׷ĸɽ, ʱһʱͰŵҪĸһ
ס˿ߵǰʱ΢΢ͷ, , 
쳤̴Ҳ׷ʰ, 쳤ȴδԣֻǵ˵ͷ, ķմĸǹ
֮Ӧǡ
쳤΢΢, ĸס˵ԽǰߣʱȻԼͬĶӵһڲսĵطѯʣǲѺͱأ
Ҫ뿪ĲӺȻԭء
쳤̲ͷһĨȣҲֻǶݵһṦָ糣ˣûڣǡ
Ǻܡׯ¡
ҲѾͬˡ
䣬ءͻʡʱǼ嶼ǴκǿĶ֣ǸʱĴκǰǺл˵ûпһսĽ
Ҳˣվȥ
κǶʱ䣬ֻܿءס鱦ܱסһʱ̫ƽ߾һİվūһ㣬ֻҪȼս𣬳ǳرƣǾͻΪЩеıŮıŪСҲᱻŹ
쳤ʱ
ǸʱԶûĳȣսĳǳأ޼ҿɹ鱻İգ洦ɼʬף޲þеĳǹ嵽ЩľӪɱЩˡ
סֹçΪ˵һ˵ʼ΢ģȥֻɱʮսʿԼҲ
Σ
ٵͷη壬ɱɱ٣ûҲҪǸۣ
ǻῴҡͷЦЦɿûֻһûڳеͨʿǱκĽ
ٵ쳤̻ߵ
ֻɱЩ壬ǵûа취κǳһǽʿν
ƺ֪뷨˵ֻʿҲ㣬ˣϻд֣һΪ͡ϣ躹ޣһʱ֮裬ȻɳΪԱκĽ
̫ңһζѻʯֻԽԽ˥ܣˣֻпЩ˲ұøá
һ˵̫ӫӫ֮𣬾ۼĶҲܳΪԭĴ𡣡
̣Ҫʲô

һ׮Իʼѧ躹ޣѧһʱ֮裬ڵ˲һɳһ־ܡׯ衭Զǵ˵ЩʱˣһСľͻ游һ֮¡Ҳ£ҲƹūҲԶҲǿʢ
ҵģҲ
һգҪЩ̤ҴκǳصȫϻǵĲ䣬Ҫκ־ɪɪ
Ϊһׯ迪ʼЧܡ
ǸʱǾԣֻӫӫ֮𣬿Щ꣬ǿһӫӫ֮ʱͻʣ𡢳ʡЩĲ³ǣҲκ̤һЩ׵ĹڿԻع磬Щ̤ػָԭò

ǼҲշ
˺շء衢ū
һʹĿ꣬Զˡ
Σ㲻ȥ쳤̿ڣ֮ĿѵôһЩͻЩһֱҶ֣ҶѾ˳׵ͣξڼкúĸס
Ĺĸ˵

ܾ֮Ҫȥ
쳤΢΢ü壬֮㲢ûãûϲĹ䵢ǣ游շأҲϣҺͲϲĹྴһɡ
֪ײĸס
ĸػԸҪһУΨûи顣
Ȼ
˵ʲô쳤⻰Ĭһ˲û˵ʲôֻ֮ļ򣬡ĸ׺ú˵δٶԣԹȥ鷿
֮Ŀ뿪תԼԺߡ
Ҫһȥշأ˲ɻԭ򣬻һҪԭ򡭡ǰ׾սص;У˵˵оĶ鵽֧ǴģǸߵĸ壡
ͶӽķԸսжɱף˵ѾᵽݣҲ뷨ӽˣǵġ
Σȥ
ø׺ǰһòסʿսȴǰı֮£

¥
ǰʱֵ֣ʱ䣬¥ɲ١
楸մӺͿˣЦų߹ȥղؼҳԷˣ¥²ˣǾ԰ɡʵ᲻ÿô࣬ؼһҪϴ롣
楶Ǻͻھ¥Էġ
ֻû뵽ҡҡͷ˵ոׯǲ˸ţȥׯš
ʲô
΢΢һׯȥţ΢΢üֵׯôͻȻ뵽ȥгԷˣһˡ
ֻǻУ˵ùȥ
ôһ£
Ҳɢѧʱյׯ˵˵ׯУСһš
֣ȴҲûоܾ
⼸£ׯշĶ࣬Ӧ¥楣΢΢üЦŰοģׯͦõģǳԶٱ㷹
楻Ǿ֡
лδʽףôҲñһȥгԷׯΪԼЩӶԻеշҲûԥȥ׼һЩ㣬ȻͻбԹ˵ģʱȥͷֻЩ¥ĸ͹ȥˡ
Ҳɢѧʱ֪üϻȥׯʱҿĸóԡ
ôһ˵Ľŵɢȥ١
Ҳա
ȻǱ㷹񷴶裬ЩԼĸ㣬ͻûֻ֮ǻһݸжİˡȰ㣬бȽӹ楽һȥׯ


148 
ׯλڳĳַ, סĶ壬Ҳ⡭楴ǰĸסңׯȴͷһȥ
ӽ¥·˿Ӳŵׯǰ
ǰ͵֪ͨ, ͣӭǰ, Ƽз楳ǿλˣүСѾͷˡ
еͷ, 楷ȵƽز, ǽȥɡ
΢΢, Ӧһá
, һ·Ҷ
һ·û˵ȴЩ, ׯ˶Իо㹧ΪׯʶԵ𣿶һݾڻǰׯܼʱǰȻûׯңλׯܼңҲǼ, ˵ǰƷ, ˵ǹׯĹܼˣֻ³Щ塢ƷԱλׯܼҶÿͿǰλׯܼҲһЦģ, 񡪡
˻û
ѾЦӭ밲, , С㡣
ׯܼҡ
ȳ˹һҲŻһ
ׯܼȴ, æÿˣŻеüһºͣһ߿Լֶһ, ᣬүС棬ӺСȥɡ
΢΢ףתͷ楣ɫЩ磬Ằһ楣
ţ楿
ôˣѹᣬüĿȴŵǡ
ׯܼҲſ˹楰еľȺѹ£Цҡҡͷû£ȥɡ
дĿȷްŵ˵ͷ
˲ׯܼ˽ȥ
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ׯˡ
楴ʰ
еû𣬵һԴӵĿԼϣڸ׸ٹ֮ףһλ߹ٵעӣʹǻӵҲɾ΢
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ܿ죬ׯЦɣҼǵ㵥ׯ룬ʣһ֣
лˣӦ̬ȹǫȴǡ
ĸɺã
ׯ·ںɡ
楱ҲԼһЦŴĸܺá
ׯźͷĸһָ̩һϢɽĵˣò˶ãڳžˡ
һ̧ͷϵľϲҲزסׯԺЦѹż˵л
ߵĻҲˣͷ楣ҲһĨЦ
λׯ迴⸱ɫԭж極ҲվɢźҲֻǿ˿ڵˣԷɡ
ǡ
ԲܹҲͰĸλã楺ͻзֱ
˶ǼҳˣΨһЩȵϾȻһӸ⣬͵ʱôи⣿ɫ΢ȷӦʲôЩȡ
ԭǵ
ӣׯôͻй
С㣬Ƿ˲θ𣿡Դׯѹ͵
楻һЦû
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ˡ
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ûʲô
ЦջĿ⣬ȴЩ죬ܾׯҹֵֹģȴ˵˰ɡ
Ҳû룬߰ɣûȥˡ
á

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ׯׯ裬ĿŸղ뿪СѣѾˡ
ׯǲŻ񣬿ŮеòЦҲȥЪϢɡ
ǡ
ׯͷֻ֪Ҫ漰ӣ鶼ãؽҹҪ鷿һˣ֪ȰҲͲȰֻ˵ȾĪȡ
ׯЦӦá
ۼׯת뿪Ȼס
ţ
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ׯԭǲѾ֪˻еݣüб˴𰸣ûʣЦҡҡͷû£ȥϢɡ
ׯӦˡ
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Ǽ鷿
ȡڽеĻ񣬿ŻĽ޵Ů㿴СѾˣϲĹˡʵԭѰģ˳ҵˡ
ǸӺһһôˣֻԹһӡ
ǸѾͷҲ
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УԺ˼Ȧ˵˲ټҳⲻҪ˵˵£Ҳû뵽ȻҪ޸ˣһΪͱһ𡣡
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⡱֣أ᲻Цôϲѣ
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˵̲ס죬һ˵ӡ
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ǵͷӦʡ
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á
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˴ˣأԴһᣬҡҡͷ̾ʮˣûǡ
ÿ굤ͼգܶ˰ϴ¹޴һٱӣʮ꣬λһĻܵԭ䣬ͳ乬ˣձҩţˣֻʹ࣬ʱ·乬ʹĽк
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š
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ܸʧȥģվǲһˡ
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Ӧ˽ȥʱ򣬵׻һ䣬ÿæźЩ˼棬ǰ۷׷ף治𣿡
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Ͳܻų
ʲô֪Ҳ֪
Ҳܶģ᳤֪֮ãغԼģûԼĴЩ꣬ʣֻİӣ񡭡
ᣬйŭ
ⰲҲ˶ˡ
뵽⣬վ̾˿ֽһ䣬ͷԥĳʷජЩԥߵˣ⵱ֳʲô¡
Ӧǣȴ⣬ѵȵǰнҲˣᵽˣΪΡ
û˵ͱƳһۡ
һʲôûУȴæͷūԽˡ
պ󲻿˵Ļʲôط
ӦջĿ⡣
ȴףȵֻ⼸ӶϲģΨһϲǸŵʧˣŰΨһһѪԵҲյøɸɾ
ôľ
ټĵһ̾Ϣ
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С̫ʰ£Ԫ¿һյĴ̾˿
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ڵ֮УһɫѵӰһ߽һǻӣͷŽڵĳɢǰסһò
ɼʹˣҲǲסſݡ
˳ǧŮݣĳһƣԽԽ˳ϧǣһſٱںܶǰûЦݣ˫ÿü֮ȫ˿þͲ
ֻһĨ߽Ǽ仭ҵʱȻɢһ߽ңȴһռŵİ

ûգλѧεҲڿˡ


149 
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Ѿͻе, ߵһԣ˵ʱ͵طøá
֮ͥûʲô˵ģҹͻкȾ죬Ҫ˵ĶѾ˵, ῴߵ, ü΢΢һ̾, ԭϲܸദյѵû, ǣߵһԵȺ, ǿռ
ҿƿͻ, ܾõġм楳ٳٲ˵ȿ˿ڣü, ֿ۲ԶǶûлͷļƽ΢΢üѹɤ˵, üˡ
楱˸ƽü, һȴüġ
ԭǴͻһؼҵģ˭뵽ľ¥Ҳ쿪ʼˣǱıҲͰ, γеľ¥۸ݸľ¥, Ϊ˽¥, ҲΪ˽긮Ҳˡûͻһȥ
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ֻǻЩעҲ˲µԱ˭֪ǲΪԵʲŵ»ǰֻϸ˼עһЩ
ܸȥֻܿԼˡ
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֪ӣжˣһϸСģ˵ȥȥѲѹ£˵ˣȥɣҵ
е˵ͷ
ҲᣬȴԸ¶Ƽܡ
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֮ͥһ⻰û˷ۣڼסˣֻ˵һ䣬Ҫ˵˺ˣ߰ɣҲ·ϵˡ
谵ҲˣͻЦģչأ֮ͥڣ롢ҲҺɩɩһ㡣
е˵ͷֿһۣתδӣȻ֮ͥιưͣ
ת
֮ͥ°Ϳúÿøһ ҺϲѶ
谺ͷ롢Ҳź⣬ǵøԪ
üۺЦ΢΢ףӦһáֺͷ롢˵ҲҪú׼
Ӧˡ
ֿһ楣մһɫ̰֯Ŵа׵׵ȹͷ⻨ƣ紵ȹˮЩָ̧޷ͷβ˫˵Ĵ۾ΪӭķЩ󿪣ȴʼķ򣬼Ҳ°Ϳ
δ˵ɻȴ·ܿеƶΡ
кȻһֱ̣ȫΪӵеģа楣ѡǣɫĵú죬ǵע·ӭǵڴݵķȥ

һڸʡĹԺУӰ³ʮ壬ÿһһÿһ졣
ǰʮ壬һһȵѽڣҲһԡ
˵ӣҶڼ±ˣĺЪݹԺǰȴɽ˺˽ʲôѽڣճվĺﳤͷԼļ˴ȴŸ߸˳
һԣȺӵһΪԻδҲ˵Լ̫쳳ѧӣƿÿһ˼ҵϣҲÿ⼸죬ȫҶȫ˲Ϲʲôڣ컹һ
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һɫУųһգգͷﻹĸ
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ȵſǰͷܶǳ״סĸ˵һȥ硣
ȻҲ˴𻰣Լȥˡ
롪
ĸˤҪȥԵۿŻӰüˣŰɣҸȥ˵㷭ͨԣεشԣưͷһͱһĽģ
룡
ۿŻһȺ꣬ССһˣôӵȺ汻˽ȥź˼ƽʱͦһСȴûƵģͷҲͷߣۿͷߣô࣬ͷ£ø楽ֻҧȺȥ
ʲôû𣡡
ƼſھƼԲǵֻܱذ̻ȥ
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һݺ̬ҲԵġ
ڸ˶ԣһŴ΢˫͸ЩԵ۾˵ˣֻǿһ۾͵µĵͷҲóһǵģ۾ȻҲôӵȺͨ衣
ۼǰ
ֱҧ߼һץסӡ
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òУҲûסûûôʲô
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Ҫߵʱһ
磬ôˣ
ҡҡͷû¡ԭʱ翼ΣȻûƼˣˣҹӣɼҲˡ

߹ȥ˸Ҿ
ĸæҲû˵ֻԼĺ룬ƻƽ˵˾ͽˣɣûؼˡһ˵ģźȴڷ
Ӧãûȥߵۣһȥ𣿡
۷˸ۣûֻĸ˵Ȼؼˡ
СۺһȥɣĸóԵġĸȰ
ˣҵȥĸ׺ĸҪǽǻһԣڼסŲƵطڻпˣģģӦÿòҲͷˡ
ĸԱûȰֻЦ˵һ䣬ǻͷп档
۵͵ӦáԹ˷뿪ߡ
Ŀ뿪Ÿ

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ʢ֮ʣɽи۵ĹٲŰźһ·ݻУнԪ


150 
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һŲ, żȥҰæʱ䶼ڼ, 飬˼ԶİˣӹõǺʹǰһ޶Խʱ楼һŹȥ, ֪˴, ԭЩسģɹδţҲֻðڼеš
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Ҫ˵ţҲûС
һ̤ǸԺʱҲǽŵģɵǸλãʵʱ򣬽ŵҲɢˡԣȻٽţɼҲˣҲ䶯
ҲԼɽ
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һݣԭϵĽŵҲɢһЩӦһáҪطȻͷһĸݻУнԪ
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пѾһˣЩۡȡǺףע£ɫǫѷ²Ӳ죬δ˿ͬ
۵ıϲٱ˴ӵţɫЩưƼУӭǰ˹˸֣Ԫү
ҡ
΢΢ÿҲͬ˸񣬿лһˡ
ϲǰѾ˼͹ˣҲٸо˵ģΪ˵һĽԪүضᴺ⡢Ȼ뾹ǫѷһ֮Щ̾ڴʢ֮ʱ˳費λԪүպǰ̻أ˼ˣ˵ΪˣԪүؿСӦġ
Ҫȥұϲܵ顣
ȻиӣƾܼЦ뿪ˡ
ߺԭһԵ׷ӿǰеϲһӦţлƼĸվһԵ΢΢һݣߵǰ˸Ҿѧʦ
ƽʱ¶Լ̲ⷬס˫ĿỨ̧΢ָڻеͷֻ³á֡
ʱҲ볯Ϊ٣Чңڿƾʧζɽɥѹȴûһ겻񣬼Ȼƾвˣȥѧɽĺӿ߳Сȥ硣
ϧôꡪ
ڣΨһһо˵ѧֹڽթ̰
ڡ
ѧڸоˣ
нԪ
ڲõĽѧһ볯Ϊ٣ΪκЧ
Է
ĸʦˣӲ·۾Ц˵ǼҸСаϲ磬һһǵ
вӦĵ׷Ӧá

ʱĽ긮ҡ
۽ûţһС˳ȥϢȻϷˣȻ˼棬ʱʱﳤͷ
ϷֻҪȥ棬ŷЦҪȥͳȥɡ
˲٣ҲվûԡٹһӣǾҪټҰᵽˣҪõѻͷгԷҲǸǺúøˡ
ۣûȥ档
Ϸüûȥ棬ôһֱͷ
첻ԷڵϢء۽һ䡣
Ϸԣɫ΢
ԷǸӡ֪Σ
ûƼϵ磬ɿͷƼһС˽ʵô
Сһ·ŻģỹôһүλӸУнԪˣ
棿
˫һûסƽʱǵҲһĨЦݡ
˵ͷӦǣ̴һӣҪǮԼĸ⣬ðףĳƲҪʲôЦ˵ҴСȥ͡
˵űСȥˡ
ۿȥתȥϷˣͷ֪ʲô鶼תˣһĸ
ţ
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ֵôˣʲôأ
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ԭ㣬ȻͷӦˣҪߵʱһʻСۣǸӡΣ
ĸ
פתȷӦ˵˭Ǻܲ˵һƲ죬Ȼ°²۵ľͷƵģһ㶼Ȳϱ磬Ҳ֪ôͿˣ
Ϸ֪ķǣЦ㻹ĳɼ
һ죬Ҳ֪ջߣſھ˵ΪǸҪǼ޵òãҪЦĸ˫ЦۿţЩ˵ȥƲͷ˵˾䣬Ҳаɣҿ楺һͦĵġ
ĸôͻȻˣ
Ϸһ٣ֻһ˲Цϲˣܲǰ˽£ˣȥɡ
Ŷһûʣ˵˾䡰дĸ緹ת뿪ˡ
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дҶԼ̷̤ܺȥĹ;
£Ⱥȥ֪غҵлȥӦҿӦӺӦҶϣлЩչˣɽҲһˣȻǰй϶׵µʱҲְææǲǺ˼ȥպ֪ʱܻô˵Ҳȥ̽һ
ȥʱŷұ˲١
ĸ;ĸϣǴǰưӲۿˣ֪ǲǱ˱仯֮βδУл٣ǵǱóĬ˲١
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ǰͱһδ٣ü֮ҲûЦź˵һڳվȽŸպδ˵ֻԼ׼⼯

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ӦЦŸ˾ƣһȥ֪ʱټҾףӴֱϡһ˳
еͷӦ͵ݸľƣҲЦ˵һ䣬ҲףóԸ
ָӦô
̷ĶһȴûסЩʱ緢ûչͰգȴһ㶼ģ°ͺ˵͵źǵϲưɣ˵Цɱ˴پͲֵܣҪҲȥʹһ٣
п棬ɻ飬ϵرҶϻΪף
ӦͺһᣬϵЦһɢȥڴһĲᣬû˵ֻͻȻǰȭͷ»еļ򣬳úչԼ
Ȼеͷٶ˵ҶȥǸ
ֹһᡣ
пӦͺͶ˻֣ǵע·ǰ죬ʼǰĿᶨ


151 
ӦͺͶĿ뿪, ٳٲջĿ⣬ֱǼһӰƲˣӦת, ԵĶ˵Ҳȥɡ
á
ͷ, תȥ
ճвδѾߣҲڳʱӦ뷨Ӹ, Լųԯȥ, ƼӦ͵ݹ֡
ֻһп, ޳ָʹδҲܸܳ, ΪϰµļӸһֺаȫеĸо
·ֻҪסֻ֣ٴĿҲ
Ŀ΢, ֹһסֻ֡
ʱ̰棬ܰŮװ͵͵ܳȥӦĻȻ, ͸ʼʶʱ, ܰҳߣһǮû, ֻܱȵ, ƫƫձһ, ·Ǽܶ˵¡
ϲ
ÿοʼѵʱ, ĵʱ
ǻһ㶼ûҵӣ˾һɣҪ, ϣֱץһȥס֣ÿǸʱӦܻᱻŪ֪߳ܡվȾ͸ʲôɽƵ˦֣һԡ
Ϥˡ
ڣӦҲֻӢϲţƵĽѵаŮװһҵӣ
ǻ˵ʲô
˵ҼˣͲˣɲóŻû˶漸ꣿ
Ǵ֮ӦδʱȥһЩδȥĵط
Ƕʱ䣬һӡ
ɥĸתæڼӣܵΪ߶Ӧ֮ǰδ
Ϊһֱˡ
СڣŵвʲôҲӦˣʵǸбˣϤǻᣬʹԺʲô
𣺡̽ģСǴһ
ˣ˼ҡ
û̽ҲûдһѡǶϤĵطһ졣

ôá
Եֻʼڰգûջء
Щ꣬ʱÿһһ㡣ֻûаֵݸΡɫ΢յûоܾʱεİַĸ첲ϣǷֿ֮һκӦϵĽӴ
Щţָⴥȹ̵ĸ첲ʱ̲סջأƼ˲ŵ飬ƺû뵽ķԭЩŵȻһɨҲ̲סһЩ
ûջء
ֻлĸ첲ʹ͸Ҳܸܳپܸܵǲµһһ£Ҳ˲ȼǿųŶࡣ
ĸ첲һ
ֱƼ˻վͷʣߣ
ӦŷӦһæߡ˵ҲȴЩţ룬ûסعͷ㡭
ʲôü
ӦͿһᣬ촽һһΣջҡҡͷûʲôʱʲô˵ʲôվЩˣǲ˵ˣֻˡ
òײߡ
Ȼ޷֣վҲһҪʳĻˣûˣʹٶʣԥһ˲ûпڡ
ת
ҪǰУȻЦͣɵӡ
Ӧ⼸һЦδڱʵӦͣ˵һؼҼ˫ף⻰㲻
ʲô
˵Цţһһ䣬ǰĻظһ飬ʲôʱһؼңɵؿԼüûˡ
Ҫ³ȴס֡
˴¶ȵסȶһ̧ͷǰһŸӢӣʱɬҪࡣ
˵𣿡
ĿȣȴЩɳƣ´εС
ȻͲ̶ˣԼ֣ӣͷġ
õʱΪ˲òеζѡΪһֻԵ޷֣û뵽˾һֱʱĳŵ񡭡ڻָɣӵٴѡĻᡣ
Ρ
Ҳˡ
ǡãɫĹâƲƿնȻ̵ĲʱʱÿÿȥľƣҪϣŽҪؼҡ
ƿ⼸£ʱǰ㣬˵͸磬һؼҰɡ

һӺ
ǣȥȴǽ¥ؾ¥𣿡
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üȥģ
ӦͺȻתͷüЦȻǴؼҡ
ʲô
һȷӦּߣԵӦͣ˵ؼҲǽհҶûôĸȥ¥Լӣٺȥݷòĸ
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˶Ĵᶨʻȥ
һҲˣǰͦӰǸǰʹװҲįӰձ֣·ֱúʱǸһ㡣
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ˡ
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صļƻѾҸվɴͷ
Ҫӡ
֮Ǳĸһ㵽쳤̵鷿յǱ߾Ϳ޶ͷ
ӡ޶֡
š֮ͷװҪӣ΢΢ü޽βһȥ
޶Ǹ׵ţҲ¾ɲô꣬۸׵ģ޶ġ
ǰʱ޶Ҳڡ
λбҪڳ
֮Աδ˵ͷĿ뿪Ž鷿δڲ谵ĹиͦεӰĸǰÿγǰһ㣬ͷĳ
һĺڼףϵɫ磬θߴȴ͡
ʱ飬е湫ӣһ²֪öٴ循̾պ볯Ϊ٣ض˿ģҪǿɽ飬ĸײһѳ
ʱĸźѡ游ĵ·˵ҪǲӾضΪҵ䷶
ȴĸ׺塣
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ˡ
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á
쳤Ӧһûлͷֲһ鳤ŵת⴩󿪵ŻͶ䵽谵ڣɣĳѩ˪ĹâλʱͿʼս꽫ͦΡ
Ϸ·ܿһʫɳսף¥ղ

֮Ҫϣע⵽һǷһԾݵţü΢ֿ뿪ĸףʲôҲûʸȥ
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һǰ˵ע·һ֧ʢܵľһ·ʻȥ

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ЩκȺ˲壬ְóȥո㿪óףϱͨУ䲻սըĳǳҲڻָ˴ǰĺ̡
Ӻʹǰòʲôͬ
ǰӵţһǻдģвδἰԼΣֻǿοҪ¥Σ˵ˣڶдģ˵˻˽Ԫ»˵ɽϢڳˡ
谡Ҳ׷׸Ϣ
֪инԪգھ¥ſŷ񣬻ա
յ˾ݵţǻдģ˵λ֪Ѵһͬ楹ӣӦþ⼸ˡ
ȥжЩЩ־ͬȥˣԼȴھ¥ʱߡ
вڵӣ඼ǺŻȥǸ
ҵʱǺʱˡ
óЩȥ׼ؼңﴫһ
δ룬ͷûУԹԿţֻǷԽԽŻͷһۡʮµҹѾЩˣѾЩʵѣΪҹ󣬻һɫ硣
ԽԽˡ
ɫ֮£һӰխСһ·ǰýˣƼһƬɫǣһʵ
楺͵һ͡
ŵؿǸ̤¶Ӱ
ҲѾˣһܿЦڸ߸ߵϣʵüĿĵЦ⣬ɫӳ»¶ˣƲһǰֻǸǵƶֻ꣬Į͹Լľִ١
楣Цź
Я
еԿ׵ڵϣ죬ˣûзӦʱ򣬾Ѿ߹Ļסˣȵĸ첲ӣܸоͷȣҲŶյ˲˹
紵
ԴһΥĴ˼̾楣һˡ


152 
ʮµķԭЩ΢΢
ҹʱ, ûͷ䣬䲻ƺǰ㣬ȴҲ˲ͷô楱Щηƽʱôʱ, ž˺䡣
վ, ʧһ㣬Ȼûгѹ
ĸ첲, , ԼΪڲϵ, һжΡŨܵ۽޺Ȼٲ, ڷӦַס˵ĸ첲, ͵شͷ㡭
򲻿˼鶼Щˣһֿڣôˣ㲻˵ҵһ𣿡󣬿յ, ûˡ
ü, һʱЩֲԼǲΡ
ʱΣμлˣÿÿ뱧, ȴʧҲξ, ʹĸ첲ӵ, ȴվɡš
еͷ⸱ģ, ᲻֪ʲôΡ
ڣһüƽְƱ紵ҵ鷢Ƶ, ӭĿ⣬󣬡ʮͤվ֮ͥҲڣµġ
ҡ
ͻȻͣһ£۾˵ˣ㡣
ֱࡣ
ȻѾʱˣǰסһݾñ
Ⱥ֮ͥ棬ģҲ಻סˣ˵һ̴ϻسΪþܹЩ
һǲ̫˵ˡ
˵꣬ϱȾɫȥ極۾ֻܴҴϵ磬ȥ
˵ǣ極Ҫȥ
ȴûվԭأлͷȥƼһ˫ǱӻҪ۾·Ƭǿա
楱úÿüӣܽ棬ʹƽղЦҲעĿ˵ĵЦݡ
ֻñǲõЦݻۡ
δڡ
ͱһ¡
ǸЦŵĺŮ޹˼ɵ
δعʱֺȻҲҵĲϣӭעӣ˿ڣУҲˣ㡣󼸸֣˵øᣬǸ̾˵źͻжһᣬְȵľϣ˲䣬һֻè䡣
ԭǻе
ƽʱýЩܲס˵ˡ۽ֳһһĲϣӲ֮Щ̲סˣƺ״ЩԼ̫ʧ̬
֮˻Žš
ˤҵˣַסͬŨ˳۽ȴҲʼ̲סڣȥһ·ƣһЩ
楣ڣƵòӡ
ʲôûԳһЩӿһЩãȻƼԼвزס⣬첲ļҲǰһЩӲģʱ׹ˡ
֮࣬ЩЦ
ã治ǹģֻ̫̫ˣֻķʽ׽ɼ΢Ȼ̲סչȥС
˴ţȴǺƢôˣ
ҪҪ
ʲô
һûĻ
楿һۣû˵ֻͻȻǣ˽ȥȰŹϣƼѻѹŰϣָĿڣһ·£սӣָ̧֮ͣǰģҪҪ
β΢лδӦֻǱĵطһԭյֹ̣͹֮ըһ㡣
΢ֻץסΪֲҶ
ץţһЦӯӯؿֻͼһһϣظ֮ǰĻ׻һ㣬֪˵ʲôˣЦøֳ˿ȥһЩ޳ͦεϡ
пݣʵĿùҲԸܹʱϵļ·жÿ
һ
˵ʲôȻһЩԾ
һ𣬼ûһ˿룬Դȵش̧УЩ졣
ƺû뵽˻ôӦ
δڣȴѾߺһֻס죬˵һֻȴʲôƵƴԼ°ڡ
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ֱðѼӼˡ
楼ղѣûסЦ
ЦʹҲžҹš
Ц߷ˣͷҲøˣֱıһ£һ͵̧ͷȴײһ˫ŰݵЦС
֣ץסֲصԼУοӦôУûб仯Ÿõˡ

÷Уеˡ
οиоֲֹһ
మ˼ʱ˼Է̲ס׽ԷҪҲһ
ϸͻҲĸ²ôˣȥֱ£֮ǰڳǶʱ䣬ʱһΣ֮Ҫæ¥£ֵ׼ƿ˶æòɿϻǸŰӣӦ˸粻ΣǸŵһ㣬ţʹûҲһԽ
ǻæŶ飬ȻҲ
ñطֻ꣬ңԶǡõֳֶڣþŹ
ۣӺҲΪĵضƲҹɫȻøӻ谵ˣΨһĹ۾˪ѩһļ貵楾̧ۿУѹŰϣ͹ǿطõϣʵȴֻǵͷûк˵һܡ
ԹԵһ
ֻ黹Щԥ
楼΢ţ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˿ڣ̧ȵ촽ϣסδ³Ļ
ջɮŮż⣬սһ߲գһ˵ûµģԭϲ㣬˽ԪǺܿҪˣǰʻȨ
ɫ𽥱ɶȻֵ΢ίѵ㶼Ҳ뱧𣿡
еȻ롣
һӣǷֱӣûһղϵֺȻսŻ˵һ䡰յˣ뱧ûˡ
ŵĻɽȻ
ԭϵĻкȻ極˸λãİַϣûӲ˨٣Ŀȴʼϣһգգ·ֻǶˡ
Ķᣬ˲ͬȴϵơʱеȫɾŴ΢΢
Ӱһ㸲סǰĹâ
ԽԽĻУ楲֪ΪΣྐྵȻ£ƢҲϰǰǿƵĵλǵһμƵĻУǴϣһŴͷ޿ɱܡ
Щ£ȴܣֻ֪˺
°ͱס楱ͷ
дСдָǴЩϣƽƲϸ°ʹĦȴһֱĸо඼̼

ͷƽʱȻͬĻУޣûס˿ڡ
𶯡
ɤƣָ򢴦ĿԽԽǿر۾һΪΪģȡѹõױ
У¡üڣƻС
ôˣӦȴԾΡĴɽһ
޳ָ°ͣѼµ˼ԵȡȻһġ硱ƫͷ޵ĿŴ˺ü硣
иµڴ˿̳ʧ
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153 
楿Ͱ, Ҫ˵û¡ȴѾ̽Ķͷ
û£Ǵ˻磬ȵˮͺˡȥջеĸ첲, һ˻ĸ첲, һģ, ׼ˮá
һȴûдӦ, ֱӰᱧ, Ŀ΢, ȥҲ˵
һ²ȥ˻ûһʱ, Ϊڲһ˯ʱǹشͿʼ硣
ǻҲôشġ
û뵽ˮûķ纮ϵԽԽء
ǵǻ, üҲ, ȴֻŴҩڡ֪ˣƢֱӱطˡ
ɫǷ򢻹Ƭı, һ֪ʮֲ, 楴ûס¡
ҲһЩ
˫ֹ˲, ǰߡ
Ȼ˷ֱӰ, ϥڽ̤ҪЬ楲, Ҫջأȴס󣬡𶯡
ɤͳȴ๡
Σֻòȴ̲ס˵ôˣʹ˼磬㵹ʲôزֻδ˵ͼ̧šüЩ˵ּͷЬȥࡣ
ǸСŰ塣
ЦһҲû˵ǰе˼յӰζ˫ֳ󣬴֪ʲôȻЬһԵʱЦſڣҲҪһ
бҪ⻰ζʱһҲźˡһƸղǰϣһЩִ٣ȥãˣ
ָһط
б˹ȥ¹ҪңĿȴסˣȻҲɾʰһȴʮû츳ǰʱʱʰһˣˣ楾ͲæЩˣȻҲǰжȴЩҡ
ͷһº¡
ڶ£ȹӡ
еĿһɫϣССһͷ֥ɺסȻĴϣɫС΢ɣͷľ¡
ǵ֡
ûҵ𣿡ͷ極˻еĻ䡣
æӦһҵˡ
ҲٿҴһº£Ϲźȥߵߣһ͡βϣʯɫĴɹڽ𹳴Ůӱѽ⣬ֻһɫ¡
ϸڲϣ¶аļ
ĺã÷ĵط飬ĵطһ粻࣬֫ϸһֿգѣǺǣǣʹͷҲϢ
еĽŲԭأҲ·ˣɵɵֱĴľͥԺǼ磬ʱһɨ̧֣СϣȻѣȥˮ
󲻵楿ڣֱӷ鴲ʣתȥ
ʵʱѾߵſڣųȥˣߵúܿ죬Ҳܿ죬֪һͲ뿪·紵涳
һ֣極նʧˡ
Դʱķֹڰţͷŵҵǳٳٲγ죬ҲֻЩΣȽյţʧЦҡҡͷֵüģֹһ䣬СŰ塣
ѡ
ȻжˮʱͻѣڴϿ飬˽ϴȴס
楼ԽһӹٲȻҪӣüס֣˵УǽԪ
п˼ü
Ц֣һһµţĿԿԺ󻹻״ԪǳйԱ㲻֪ڼ㣿
ԡ
ʲôԣһ㶡
˴ĿǻУԺδķΪҵʲôӦáοôʲôϵ
ʹպ״Ԫ볯Ϊ٣ҲǻУһͽ
ֱţûֻǿ˵ˣ֣ӿˡ
ͷ˵һᣬȻЦһɿ֣۾̧°ͣǺޱ˲֧꣬ʹˣȥױ̨ϵĶ
á
ɫࡣ
ɫƿװõ¶
аķԸȡ˹
楿ڴϣЩ֪ģЦ˵ǻһ𡣡
еͷҲڴߣͷƽʱŪīˮһʱдһƪ£Ů˵ĶȴӦ²СľŪˣķԸһ𣬲¶˾ˣǿúˣſˣС֣𣿡
š
楴չȥļϣ۾Ҳɡ
бС楲ָȡõ¶࣬һ㣬ϸϸ续ϣȻһÿ·𻭻һ㡣
ҪȻҪСģ²Сİˣۡ
ϸۣʱûעⰴһ£ϾͻֺۣǴڴϣڱ֮ûססôһṦϸͳ˺ۡ
ˡ
楱ողҪ˯ˣʵۣŽߵĻУЦһ£Цǽ
ѶŻصױ̨ϣָһյˮ
楺ڣȺ˱㲻ٺˣ˻վǰס䣬ˣҡ
ԭ㡣
ҹﲻע⣬շ纮ءȥñӡ
楷齣ȻСЩһҲ£ղѵʱ򿴵ıģҪȥȴֱס䣬ôˣ
פͷ
һ˯楿û˼
΢𣬷ӦҪܾɿܾĻ˵ƻžй߱ǰ࣬ǣͻһҫۡгĬһ˲ջǵ˵ͷá
ˣЦͷɣóһĵطģ
мЦÿģԼҲЦ޵ɢȥƽҴñӣĶͷ˯ȥϴ
һسŵȻҲƭͷЩӦ˺ã´ʣһӱסֻ˼յ𣬶ŲԶȥܿ죬ˮ
ʵˡ
ӻвڣҲ˯ã£˼ô˾ڲԶˣǸˮУ˯ȥˡ
ֱһO@ӱС߶˸ˣ죬ȥôô
ͷͷһǣ˯ɡ
極ͷ˯ȥˡ
𶼱дˣֻɫŰɴڵһذ׹⣬ûпԽ˿˵ģ˯ŵʱһ㶼ûƽմ¥ľܸɣЩ¶ǰ档
ü촽
пſţûסͷһǡ
Ȼһǰɽľ
ʱһվͥԺУͷǽӲӵӣվǸǾִ٣⻹ͣġǺūǱ·ֻһ۾ûٿ
ǲȤ
֪ǲһ·ˡ
ԺͷάŮסӣЦӯӯؿüĬȴѹס࡭֪ϲ֪ʲôʱϲġ
ʵԼ˵
ԺǴ޵ʱѾˣֻһˣѾĵһӰ
楡
£С̧£ס
ͷľס죬£ڻУ֣΢̣¾õľͣһ硣


154 
極ڶʱ, ⸡֮ʣҫ۵Ľ⴩͸Ʋ縡һУǰʻ, ȴʧ
̽̽, ˣɼˡˡ
, ۴ĻǺ, ״򲻶îʱ, ϰ, Ҳû룬ԹԴ, ҹչ˵úܺãͷαҲûη纮ˣ뵽Ǹŵģ, ûסЦ¡
ڴˡ, ϴӦñȥŸƿͿжӭ
ſ, ˡ, ܿЦ, ˣ
š
ЦףƼ, ۿɼòʲôչȥڻеıϣˡ, ӳһݻðŴл壬ûأŵһӲ˵ζˣಢšСˣžʳָ󿪡
ţЦ˵ǳȥǡʮͤƻҪʱǳųȥʡ
ŵĺܺãȻûзЦӯӯӦ˺á
ȳţȥϴ꣬楳ź˽㳯ȥյԺûƼУĿȴԺӡطŲһ٣ҲЩȻԶͳɹ¼ϹŻˮСº£ٲȻ컻һ
뵽ûʱ򣬡˶ڵϸϴѡ
楻Ҳûס
ϴƼվԺЦųȥôˣ𣿡ûע⵽極
ȻƼ
£ȻпջĿ⣬̹Ȼȫǰʧ̬ˣǳȥɡ
á
Ӧˡߵʱ򿴵ԶƮŵС£ƼǼɫ£ûסַȶȣˡԵ楣ʲôӦûУ֪ûƼôб΢ţ͡뻹ʲôû˵

˳ſڡ
ӽµַͨݸܱȣʹɫ磬ſҲѾۼˣгǵģнǵģɫˣвˡ䣬ҲƼˣ°ָʹ޴ˣ·ǲصϴ󣬵ȵıµǻ
Ӳȵֻۣ֪ζطйάյǻʹʼıЩǳ˼ʮ塣
ǸľΨţŵڣôκԽԽá
Щ궫֣ǲѴκʧȥȫշҲЩ֪ĴκٲǴǰģ
Ҫ
Ǵ󿪳ţӭ
Ҫ
κʮӷ㵽ס
ʹ㿪óУ󿪳ţЩϸκϴŵֻг羴
ҲΪԵʡ
ʹЩŵû°Լ󳼻ʮ־
楶˵ͣڳ⡪徻أ𣬷ǲ鿴ͷΣдû˵Ǽٵģʹˣⳤ;棬Ҳ֪ܲܵס
üš˫Ķ˵ʱһգգͷ
ģ⡪·ߵò죬û¡ο
֪ϸţ϶£׻ЩǡҲ֪˳᲻ϰߡ
Ҳ΢΢üҪοȻƼŮΡӦѾ
Сġ
ˤæˡѣ鼤ǰҲܺõЦ¡˲վԣŲԶġˣ֮ͥС̷ϣǵڡС̷ܿš

磡
̷֮ͥ˵ų£ȻһŮæ̧ͷѭȥƼ楣Цǣ極ķ
⡪·ߵò졣
͵ؼӿٶȣС̷Ʋһ۾Ҳֻ̱СָǽץԼߴ˦ϣƥͣ£ǲ۾ֱ˺ˡã
͵͵۷죬ƼԵĻк楣̸˵غ㣬磡
ᵹҲˣ֣Ҫģ
楰ܵܣЦ֣ȴһסҪ̷ƣڰգЦջ̷֣ƱбЦָ̧˸ͷᣬ⡪·۲ۣ
ۣ
̷ͷ˵⡪·£ȵǰԹվһԣûٶ˵
ͣ£µȫ¶極ǰŽߵĵûסۿ
ĸ極ɲҲٿȻۿ촽ز˼£ȻĸţҲڲס

̷ͻ
Ҳ˳ﱧź춹С￴Ҳѣ׷׺㣡
æǣоݣü֮ľȴ
Ц̧֣˸ǵͷתͶ˵ȽǣǸˡ·ҲˡûԼҶϵûͷͻһ𣬵͸Ҫ鷳
·췻ʻȥ
⡪·楺͵˵࣬˵⼸µ£Ҳ˵࣬ʲô뿪ʱɽж಻ᣬСӿ׷أЬӣԵģ·ϻ˱ĳЬˡ
ипСȻ˻ûһ꣬ȴ˲ٺˣ˵ǵʱǻϲǸпס֣ͷˣ͵һȥ
ĸԣЦЦҡͷôԶ·ȥһҲ㡣
楻Ҫ˵ЦҺصĻ磬ֻҪǹúãﶼˡ
Ҳˡ
楿ǣЦû˵ͷĸļϡ
ȵͣ£··ʢӰĹâüҲŲõЦǵˡ
⡪ҡֳڣԱЩ𶯡
ǸǰլŴ򿪣һݣк֮ͥںͷᶫ̷ΪһСӺҲչȥæ̷ͻҲ°æȴ֮ͥϡ
õǣ
Ц⣬°ͷŬ죬ȥ̷ֺ˵Ҳȥķ䣬ǰ楾͸㲼úˣƽպٻСƾ˯ǣȥʲôȱģͷ˵ҳȥʱƽʱŴģʵȴϸ壬̷֪ü£ûʲôȫС
ʱվСڴȴѾڳæˡ
ΪڽÿնҪѵȭ¥뺰С׼ţͿ̷Ӻ˳̣ͷţȫϲԵġ
ƽʱ˵ʱ򰲾öĴڣʹˣҲӲʼĬĬǵϲãÿγҲϸǸˡ
׼ס
ǻôүǴ׶ˣĳȥ˲ŷҿ̷⡪ףҪȻ˫ֿ϶ǰֵܶѡ
Ҳǵõ壬׼ӦҩͳʳÿһطŲ·ϲ㡣

ˣҪܾ¥ܾӪҪ̷ڵ߰չˣڣҲЩ
ԺҲںˣ룬ᣬҲ
֮ͥЦȥɡ
̷ûپܾͷӦˡȴǴӹŸŻȥ̸Ҫŵʱûסͷˡۡ
¡
ͬͦθߴְֳĴݡ
Ǹɫ̴ˣϹŵЦϣɽʱӢҲˡ
̷㣿Դ
̷æջĿ⣬£˰ĿŹŻĸ첲󲽽ȥˡ


155 
һ˾ڳסˡ
, ز죬ϰߣѾ¥񽻸˰򸾣Լڼŵﻹ̷, Ҳѳ˸顭û, ͿʼˣȥæԼ¡
񵽵С
楲̫æµ, ּȻһӦģ, ֻô̷ȥ˾¥
̷Ҳʼѧˡ
ѧǻ˰ŵ, 췻, ԭ̷ȥϹѧá楾ﶼѫӵܣ̷ƹȥ, ͻһ췻ߵիͳҲû·ƽʱҲ㡣

˼ա
̷ھ¥楺ͻǰؼ, ķּȻпˡ
żаĸ, ͣÿ˵ﶼһӣͶ, ϳǼھ, ȴ֪ʲô, Ҳǹʲô
ˡ
ĸԭ˵Żȥ, ЦźӦˡ
ǰһɫߢаĸҲŻͷƼ楺ͻвվǣвһ, ĸŮŮ
ĸЦնףųɻء
ǰնģ£Ϊ˫׹ȥҶϴСųģûֻ̫ڣգг˻Ĵ֮⣬ѸӵķҶϣϲҪ˽¸楣ӻǮȫ楡
ǻỹЦɾտˡ
ϵſãһΪѾɻءɫаĸ˳̾һ䡣
˺һˣ˼Ů˱ûٴȥĸǳȥ·ϻ˵ͷǳףλһҪ
ȻģʲôҪҲܺ˵ڼҲûʲô¸ɡ

楺ͻг˵ͷͿһӡĸ˻楱㰴಻סʵôʶģ
ĸһģɵӣôʶȥ˼ʶˡһЩǼǱߵĳʳ͹ȥһһˡ
ס˿СҲ֪﾿ס˶˼ңû뵽ＸյĹ⾰ͺǻˣʼƽˡ
Щ̾
ˣСУȥ鷿һˣʦСƶիı˸£ȥʲôȱ©Ķ
¾жЩˡ
˶һۣʵիıòˣ
ĸЦףǾǸ̾ĵ˳᲻ϰߣû뵽ȫҪġ֪˵ʲôֻǰסĸĸ첲ͷļϡ
ȴˡ
ΣҪӦÿ졣
ƽæµżңҲõڼҲϰˡ

ֹһӡ
谲ġ֪˱Űݷá
Ž˴Ǳȥ˸ڣǵǽǰѾ俪ˣ˹Ū˸ţŪһСţƽʱϣ¾ʹ򿪣û˨ȥҲ㣬ԭլϲһ࣬Ҳ࣬楴Щ˰Ժһ
ո谼˾ǴŹġ
תһȦ˵ҪȾƣĸ˾ԺһŴµʯŸȥʱľٱ˵˵ˣܿԳɼΣ˵ĸɲΪʲӵ𺦡
βĳɼҲԵˣ

ϵҲһһҪȥ
һ㣬Ц˺ˣǸԣ겻лꡣ˵꣬Ȼɫֵֿܵɾֻһ⡣
ƽղ˵ȴʮؿŻ˵⣬ʶʱȻҶԣͰġûʲôһú׼һУȻãܣҲ˱
ԭüĿ֣һ䣬ɫףá
ٱ
ҪҲվƱµҲҪҲҪ
ĸʮ߰˵һЦţŴ楿ǣü۽ҲȾĵЦ⣬ĸ˺յоƣˡ
⻰һܹȥ
ʣ㣡ҲܹкͷɶţԶЦֵļˣҲЦ
*
Ƽ
ʮһµʱؽ긮μ޺޵Ĵ飬ĸ˼գŴǱص
ûգ͵ڡ
һ˵һڳꡣ
ģĸʹ롢Сǿʼϡȫ˴͸֣ǰĶдģҲȫһﶼ͸һӻȻһµϢ㲻ǰ˼ҵĺۼ·ֻصɽ
¥ڴʮҲʽˡ
楸ǷļڣһǸɽһģڳûѣ壬ƽ֣йꡣ
֪ƽãϹԷʱҲϡ
ڽ׿׵ʱƽʹùСʲôƭĴֻҪȻ򣬲Ҫ֪Էʱݣ˾ͺá
ƽǻԥãӦˡ
ҹ
ƽʱҹΪÿÿŵԵʣõЩֲʲôʱ롢̷ڰĸһü䣬֮ͥ׼ҹԷ̷꣬ȥ££ϴŵ¼аþʿµƲͯӡ
Ƽˣܣˤš

ЦӯӯӦһּȥæòɿ
ΣûˤļְĿ䵽ǰǰķϣ¹ⳤ롣
ӵµĴϡ
ְ̧շɫӳԽ¶ڰգŵΪݵ楣üЦʣ𣿡
ף֣ɡ
һԶڲɻпǽ߻һ֣£ЦŰַŵϡ
Ѿһĺ춹ſǲԶһط
ΪÿճԺȲֵѾЩˣ俴һۣӶּ²ؼ˯ԼĴ
ǽȥɡ
áӦȰѷȥźá
ףĿ뿪û̽ȥԭص
ôȥлԭأæ߼ɫĶ££ҪǣȥȻ˵һ䣬Уһˡ
֪˵ʲôפƫͷǣһˡ
ʶ֪ٵమѾһһˡ
ͷΣӰǵϣ籦ʯá΢΢ָ̧ͷ࣬ˮһᣬ楣Ժꡣ
ǻһ
һл꣬ǻףӣһӣСһ㳤󣬿Сɻ飬ʱǣ֣ײԲԻ
楿ȻЦǣǻꡣ
סе֣żһǣûӦʱЦźˣˣȥˡ
˵žԹ˽ȥ
󣬿ܺõģŲҲżȸԾ±ǹĵطҲЦȥˡ

ǽȥ
ƽ֣ɵ˻аҲˣ극һֿʼ˵ƾţֱֵҹЪ
ʮ֣İĳǳأΪм˺ѵ飬һ㶼壬Ψһ楾ÿϧ£ĸǻ·ϣǰϵ
ڹ꣬ûãյĸǵִﳤš
֪ĸǿ쵽ˣһ磬컹ʹŻȥſڽˡ


156 
ϻſ, ǽӵǣعǽĸۣӵȻͬ, ȴϵ, ͬĻУ߶лС
ߵͳġ
͹ʱ, ʮͤ, 楺ͻڳſڵһƼƺƵһˡ
ҲǾټҰǨ, ͷϻĸҪˡ
ѾߡӾ, ⻹ǲü֮ҵ, Ϸһϡһ΢һվ, ɽ, ΪְԵǰվѾˡ
ˡһֱǰƼ۵Ӱͺ˵
ҲƼˡ
ȻѾ, ɻԪ, һõ֯, ͷһʵ϶񣬽εСë׵ĺë, ֻ¶һ˫ĵԼĶͷ
鷢ǰְ̧ȴˣһ֧鲽ҡҲһһ
ԵĻһʯɫԲ쳤, ϵճݵͷǼɫĻë˷̧鷢
ȴЦҡͷȥɡ
ûһҪˡ
ۼ쵽ǰƼǣ˵һЯйȥʱѾͣ£ϷС÷죬üֵܵܺ˵ˣֱȥǣôʲôҪ
˵žҪ
ҲӣС㣬ͷ˿̿𡣡
ȴûȥŻеϷ˸ǰЦӯӯغܣĸҺĻС
һõϡ䱦Ҫ׽˿ģü۽ȫǴŽЦ⣬·˵ãҪ֮ͷϵǸˡ
Ϸ۷绹δȥһɤϷˡ
ŶһĿǰǸҾˣ뵽ݣ뵽µĲ룬Σٳٲڡ
ĸ
ֱֺһɢĹâջأЦźͻ˵úӣɡ
ел
˵Ҳ˹Ϻںͷ̽ͷܰͷľ楺һվһʱϵЩ
楶׵ϢǶѾ֪ˡ
Ϸ֪Ϣʱ滹صǲϸȥһ֪ɽǸҵھӣҲ֪˸ĸ˫ȴǰǵ˵һǾĽԪү
ɲγ̾ʼվ極ͼˡ
ûңʹ֮ܺһҲܸɫһ÷ҹ޵˼ңܲñ˵ͿκվǸ˵ߣüۺЦδƹġ
Ȼ楴ǰҲЦʹϷǰЦҲֻԣڣҫ۵̫ݷǣ޲ɷ
ȻҲãʲôŵڼֻҪϲͺá
楲ڿһۣȴֻƼһѾµĳԼһֻջص֣֪ͷ˭Ŀ΢Ҳֻת˲Ĺ⾰ջˡ
ͷʱҪĸ˵ȴһֱŻУĿⲻƿһڿԶĹˡ
о֡
ȴȿڣĸûȥˡ
һ꣬ξһֳ࣬ҲƴǰǰˣǴһЩ𽥳˵ĵƺƫƢǸģ˵ҲɲϿ楣Цٲߣĳָõ÷纮ˡ
Ϸ⻰Ȼģȴһ䣬ú˵ʻУӣһȥ𣿡
ջҪȥի˵
Ϸ˱ͷҪЩȥıͷվˡе۶̲סһۣüȴǶ룬ֻǲоȻôͰĸˡ
֪֪˶׵Ϣʱж಻ˣȻ֪˿϶һ𣬵ǲϣôˡ
ָĸĥĥء
뵽ĸô׾Ͽˣ
ĹĵŻеɫԽÿ
Ҳû룬Цźͻ˵ȥիɡ
Ӧ˺ãϷ˴Ǳֺ˵һ䣬Ҳû˵ʲôתǰȥ
ſȺζͦεӰʹȺ֮ҲĿǸĿջĿ⣬ȴĸͷǰǸֵĿ⡣
ּüʲôæͳ˵̰ɡ
ϷԣȻҲعˡ
楼糣Ҳûʡ

ڳиۡ¡ҵһ䴫мĽլӣȲڽ긮ǰĳȻǺܲˡ
ĸʰԷ˵ֱŻȥ
ͷգпնȥ̽ĸʱ򻹻һЩԼĸ㣬ûԪ¾͹ȥˣʽ¡
ȻѾ컹һͺ
գûȥ¥ȥͷҹĸ˵ջһȥͷһ·ĸϲʲô
һһ˵ˣһԴģЦŰοһ˳Էš
ĸȻͷ˲ٶصҸֱӽ˳ȰһЩԷŵĲ׼æҡ
ȵ
Ϸ˾͵ˡ
һȥͷӭӣǣȻҲڡ
Ϊֻۻ
ʱ򣬲楲һ£ĸҲĿ¶𾪣ԭҪϷʺõĻںϿ棬Щӡ
۰ʮŮ
ʹ֪Լ֮Ҳıһ˿̬ȣȴŮת뿪ʹһҲҶվǴһ
ǰסϷ˵ĸ첲Ц˵ĸ֪ǹһѺóԵġ
ĸҲѹ´ҵЦźϷ˵Ϸ˿ɡ
һ˽ݡ
һ͸ˣĸµʱ˵ԼҲȥ˺ߺ楿һһԿ棬ոյﶼû˵Լأõࡣ
ûܡ
תͷ˵ȥڰ뺰
һ˵ӣʲôҪȥȣ
ȥɡ·ҵһ¿ˣȴüá˵Թȥˡ
һߣˣǣվҲҲǣϷ˸Χ棬ȥʲôҪæġ
æӦһ
ߺϷ˸極˵ȥ㷿俴
á
ЦӦˡ
ߣս極ķ䣬ϷĴʱ楾һԸݲ裬̲ҶЦźˣĸȲ衣
Ϸ˵ͷ
楷ϣȴûȲ裬šüһ֪ôڵģ
ôˣ
楴Сϥ³Ȼвµģʲô𣿡üסϷ˵֣ϸһǲɽˣ
ǡ
Ϸҡҡͷ
̧ͷ楣ϻЩԥҲֻԥһᣬ¶Ŀ˿ڣ楣м£ҵø㡣


157 

ⲻ, ֪ƬƶƤϵͷбͲͨĹһֱ䰵˲٣ԭŲյ׼, ȴ, ҲͨµСҪȻĸ˵Ǿ仰ʱ, Ÿ򲻾õɲյ͸ñˤˡ
Ǹݵ, , ڲյϷ, ̵ƿ֣ȴΪϢ̫𾪶Ƕ, ֻĿ͵ؿŶϸˡ
βڣ˵ʲô
˴ԼȷˣôܣعˣɢĹâջ, ĵüջ, ̺΢΢ȴ˲ȥֻѹϥ, Ϊ̫, ĸƼ, ֻܰһֻҲŹȥŲźá
ܣôǵĺӣ
, ȫǲţȴȻˡ
ĸӲûаյ£ͬ, ûеҲƲͬ˵
¿϶ġ
ĸԣЩɻ󲻽Ҳ˵ˡ
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極һͷǻׯĺӣճڣδ˵꣬Լ;òԾˡׯĺӣֺα
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ׯĺӣֻ˭ģ
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μųϣͲԳһУҲ䵽ز
һ䡣
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͵һ
ץϥǵָٿսʹżѣϥǶܸܵ͵⡣
С԰׿ĸ
ҲҽΪʲôԭ򡣡
ǻûӣɵպ볯Ϊ٣ôܲйǼλˡ˵Ҫвǵĵλֻô
ϷɳƣҲ͸ŨŨƣΡ
ǰȥׯ裬̽ʵ飬Ҳ֪Ĵ㡭ɱׯһΪǸıȴò໳һݵǣ極ĵǡ
պǸӻΡ
ΨһǣĺһպЩ粨ضҲᱻС
صһˣһ֪ʵ£ôѡ񣿡ֻǶףδɻ飬楣㻹ѡ񡣡
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ʹ֪ǸǵĺӣҲѿǷֲ֮£վǸǰСųĺӡ
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̷ѷѧ֮ͥҲɢֵº֣ۺͻ
ЩЦŶĸƺѡ񣬶û˿ԥͿˣᶨĸҵѡ񲻻ģǰᣬԺҲᡣ
;ָֻԭ򶨡
ǾȣǲţҲȷ鱻¶֮ҪԵѣЩԶ뿪СϲˣҪҲˣ޹ʲôݡ
Ȼ֮£ϣֻһͨˡ
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ĸšüȴͻȻЦҲһô⡣
ǰеûб¶һֱֻǻС楺ȻǰΪʲôһҪ»кׯˣׯڳһӦڣеݾͻǱıڡ
ֲû谲Ǵ˼ѡ谡֮ǶԿˣΪֻ֪ҪһգԶԼġ
楲ʲôʱ֪Լģֻǵûи谲ǻᣬ˯òóԵòҲνǰСѹҲᣬǸʱڶ⣬νʲôʱҲνܻܲ
ʲôʱʼ˱仯
񡭡
ǽ֮
ѡ׷谣ǲҲΪǣһջ鷳
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ǡ
ɣ֪˼Ҳֻһ΢ѣЩ꣬ü꣬ͻˡ
Ҳ֪Ѷѹˡ
뵽㣬ָ΢ҲȻ絶һ㣬һһ£۵˶ʼְϣαͣƬ촽Ҳڲס
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Ϸ˱⸱ģһæȥͷ鿴ʱӨϾˮ楣㡭ټޣ˵޵ˮˣʹϷ˴ʱҲסˡ
ĸ˵Ҫ֪öܡʿϷ˵
һ˵ôͦģ
ﲻԼĵòԼãƫƫ˭Ҳ˵ֻһĬĬܣҪܵԶǣΪԼԵʲǡ
ΪʲôǰôĻУһδȢĻȴׯһʱûж͹һ䡣
Ҳ뿪ˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôĿѡ
ʹܹ£ʹʼҳϣֻҪҵѪһעᰲοǻỹж
뿪õġ
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ɵӡ
楿޵øˡ
촽·ϲˣҲʼ
ޣȴֲҷֻ֪ܰϷ˵䣬ţСһ㡣ΪԼޣΪǰǸֻ֪ĬĬһеĻпޣҲΪӵȴĻпޡ뵽ǰǸߵĻУʱŸ˰ɡ
Ϊһܺúһˣȴȵֻȴʬ塣
Ǹʱж
žžણߵƵĲסµ
楡Ϸ޴ᣬȴᾹԽԽࡣ
ĸҺܣҵĺۡ
İûһǵĿ̵˺Ƥ⣬۵޷
Ϸ˲֪ôˣֻһĺ󱳣һ߰οԣܣˣ˵öԣûô⡣οأ£ĸԶǵġ
û˵ֻǽһᣬŽͣ
谵ĹУֱӣ̧ĨһᣬȻۿţѾָһ򶨺侲ǵģûô⣬ǰû˽¶еݣȻҲ˼ŵǰĳнѾᵽݡ
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ڳпܵǻľ谡
뵽谣΢΢üȻǶǺѺֵܣ楲谾֪֪еݣ֪ĻֻΣϸָս˵ĸǵš
ǻУǱˣš
ֻһֱֻǾѧӻУЩŲʡ
˱ϣҲնϣһжãײұ̫Եڴ
Ϸ˵ͷͺׯɹʶǸ볯Ϊ٣ҲҪȥһأʵŵĻ㲻
ҵһӡ
üҲŵǡ
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Ҳⲻǳ֮ƣ£ֻǶðɡ
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֪ҲˣȻ֪ˣȻпǰΣֳǵİΣ̴棬ڰС
ȻҪǷ֮أ͵ñϺü˵İȫ
㣬ϷǰͿǺˣ楻ѡᱣϺǵİΣ
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ͷȻˣҪɣҪȴϷ˰ס֣ͨ۾üţ㡣
楴ĸԼǸʲô״ոտôһ۾϶ֺףµǵģûܾͷ
Ŀĸȥ
Լڰ֮Уû˱ˣӵ˼纣һ
ȢʱĻС
֪ϲĬĬԶռĻС
ĻС
Լ
ʱбīһȴͷĻСֱ΢۽ѹ˼Ⱦױųȥ

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һʯɫԲ쳤ۣվڵƻ֮£޳ͦΣʵԣǲˣתͷƼЦŨ
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, ܰϵ쳣ʰøɸɾȴ޷һ˵ѼˣȴӲе۾
ü, ü, Ƽ΢΢ģȻûаȴһɵҩ㡣
ô£
ס極, һ, Ȼ̺һƬ, ÿĳüʱšø, Ҳȥôˣ
û뵽ᱻ֡
ղĸûƼ, ﻹźµʱŷֵģ˲׼˵˷ϣõҩҲζ, û뵽Ǳзˡ
ֱСš
˿, Ҫʹһ㡣
楿Ŀӳ, ΢΢˸ʵһֱϸ緢, ʹǰǻûమʱ, ҲˡǸʱ˲סһΨһĻֻгʱ, ҪǳԷʱһҹݵʱ׼Ϊ
Ӳ˵ȴһֱĬĬŹ, Ӳں֪֪ŵġ
һͷβĴɵӡ
Զǵƻ˴˵ȴԵüž֣楿ǰˣΪǶšĳüڵƻԽԺÿӣ۱һֵǧɽˮī䵭ȴǣһᣬ˳֣ˡ
ͣ¶ȴûɿü
ġ楿ģ·Ŵůķ磬㴵֮󣬾һ㶼ˡ
ȻǲģҲ˱ģһˣ֪ؾΪǵġ
ôᱻ̵
в²ԭǡƳ֮ͥվһ棬΢΢üʵΪ𣿡
ʲô
Ȼ֣ûзӦ㶿ŻУü壬һ֪ôοģ̲סЦָᵯţüУʲôأҾǺȲʱûע⵽С̵˶ѡ
ҲƼΡ
СվһСȦ۱תͷΣСƣ۾Ц
ǵԱǸ档
ֻһԵĻ֣߾ԵüȺܶˣʹԶܲһĨΡҲǣϾһûˣ浱ķʽ뿪ģҪ˵͸ûôܣ
֮᲻楾Ͳ֪ˡ
͸̫ƽʱʶǰҲᾡܰæ˵ǴСˣ΢޼£Ǿԭˡ
Ҫ˵᲻нأ
ǰҲᣬȻǲᡣ
ŵҲŸ硣
֮ĸ飬ͲĨġ
ЦЦĵջĿ⣬ȫС˵ҲȥеΣδУɵĴڣɵӣǹҡ
Ǿ仰
ֻúú͵ദӣЩе˼ȻҲӲܡ
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м˵Цģɣ˵ͷȴ֮ͥãư˵ʲôԷˣ
ˣ
ӦһҲ˻ſδ˵Ļ䣬ߴ٣ˣȥԷˡ
޷ֻøһȥ
ȵ̷ұ㿪ʼţһһԷҲǱ;
Ψһ楺Цǣߣÿθв˵ʱƼ˱ضҲҪŸвˣ껹Ҫ̧°ͿŻУ·˱Ƶġ
ڸ硪
ÿвˣܻ鿴һۣ·һ㣬ȻҲͻСһвˣҪ¶ֺõЦ
ֺЦΣֻסԴͷûٸУǰȵسһٷ
ȳ극
Ϸĸ˵˻Ự֮ͥ˵˼䣬պпվ棬쵽ʱʱ뿪楺ͻǳȥϷ¹Ϥӣûסס˻е֡
һ
ָ̧̧һ㣬ѹˡ
û˵ֻǾվһԡ
Ҳ£ʵϰ߱˴еɫ뵽ݱûջأѯʣϷʲôҪҵ𣿡
Ϸ˲Żع
ҲЩԼķӦҲֻһЦһͨԼһ㣬ͺϾҪˣҪúչԼ塣
һһӦǡ
۷һԺ֮ͥ˵֮ͥûôӣΪ֮ͥڽӪϹսԵʣ⣬˻Լպпսһû뵽һͷƼĸŻе֡
ʱ͸Сɽ緢Ƶġ
֮ͥ˵һ䣬Ĺת˹һ㶼Լĸؼˣ
˵ʱ򻹺ݺݵŻС
ˣ楻㣬ĸҲҪ
ϣڳĸƲʲôϷ˱һΪѹҲɢȥһЩЦЦɿеֻ֣˾䣬ͷʱ͸档
Ӧá
ȥ楺ͻվͷĿʧŽݡ

ûա
Ϸ˾ͰҪ˹ܹ߸ÿ˱һڰУȻͬ˭˵ϵ̴ȴֻаһ
楾ȵǣЩ˹ľȻ޶ߺպĸ
޽Ǽ氲ͷĲ¥޶Ǵñֵģ֪⣬˾ֻҲǱ֪ʺúô˹
ЩҪС˵
޶ЦҾһɵ磬楻ָһ˵ЩԵ̳İû֪ǵòСǼڰҲɣǻصͷµͨҲǵݡ
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ŲǸ̴ͨӡ
Ǹ̽ģΪΪϯ͡
޶Լ࣬һ֡

ɫ΢䣬͵תͷ޶Ҳ£û˵ȴתͣǰĸͺ˵е֪һ·ɽ
˷ȣΪϣѲͻʲôѪԵϵ

޶ͣսģ֮˳һʱ䣬үͰһˡ
ģϳҺүû֪Ĵڡ
û뵽һݡ
ԴһʣʹҲĸѻеӣȻĸ
ʵ򡪡
極һμʵѼˡ
ûиүȥͷ˹ܰ췻ǱܣȻûƼСһʱΡ
ԭһ书ǿû뵽Ȼ֮ϲô͵йصˣٲᱳѻУ޶Դشֿ϶͡
Уķˡ
˵˵ͷǻ
ֵ¾֮⣬వ֮ȥǸȥĵطҲһ
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޶
Ŀ΢ͷӿžȣǳĬ楱ˣûʣüǷ޶ߺҲ뿪˲¥


159 
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ͬ
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һֱйעӵĳɼ, ֪õһʱˡ
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֪õһʱ, صܵ£˵ϲѶ
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ֻ뵽ǰΪԭ򺦵ûбЩϲ, ղŵĳĬȴ޹ء
, Ȼ, ü
ֻ롭
ҵķʻȥ, ͷȻ̧ͷĴô, вŮԶ˶ǵЦ
ġġ緢ٵЦ
ĳ楼ÿնƼΨգЩĬβֻ룬ûо£ƽƽǳ󣬻ʲôӣ
û뵽
ŶŮ¶ĺµĲҲóĬû˵ϥϵָ΢΢ս촽Ҳһֱߡ
⣬ֻ˶
үСׯ࣬ϣûʲô
ûͷڿͷĹ⾰ԽЩ¥Զٱ߲ҡͷ׺СһڰղסţǺյЩͷӿĹʣֻ˵۰ĸףйػľ˾ˣϲˡЩ緢һӵõһУ˭Ҫá
õһˣʹҲôϲûǸԭڳкúóֻ¸Ůеɡ
žޡ
ߵĶþޡĽĿ⿴
ŮӰĽӾǸˣӦ˭º͵ģʹܾ˵Ҳᡣ
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κ£õϤĽ̵ںС;ǵ֧һңΪƱߣҲķˡ
ʻⳤС
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ȥģǡһȻߺиǴߵСֻǺսλߵСҲʹʧ
ѲλС

ЩԾû뵽ôͲµݣһЦûϣ󷽷Ӧҡ
楳Ĭˡ
ԱߺС¯Ųˮţ楸̧֣һ˶˲ˮֻкԵĺۼȻǳñµģһлָĥŲڵʱÿϧ𣿡
µĴ󽫾ȴһ˵
ͷҲû̧ںЦ˸־ԼһյûȣֻζЦ۴㣬ү֪ʲôůӻڿʱҾ
֪Ӹճǻᣬһ
˵⣬ȻЦǰǸһĨǵЦݣǴ廳ĵůЦݣôСһһСľͰˤˡ
գүӣһ£ӴڱׯǸʱ˭ҲţʹүͳӣҲ粽ߣһԣһ˯
ǻ꣬ԼҲֻǸĺӣȴгһܹӡ
үϰ䣬ÿĸʱ˸ʱÿȥȶڴΪþԼøǿһЩԱ뱣ˡ
Щꡪ
ֹһҪӵǰӶǸĪҲϲү״ϣκƻֻԶԶš
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ܸˡ
˵Щ·￴˻еĻС
ǰûĻӦܶЩ˹Ⱳ쳤ˣ£Ҳ˻еߣһжڱá
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ϵЦԼҲЦ˵ЩˡĳƺҺͻлδɻ飬㲻˻ҡ
գգۣ極ȻͷһЦǣĸ
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ûдؼңֱȥ˸ڻҡ
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¶κԥǰһŻеӣ˻ΣеģУûеģУҼ͸ʲôС
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˵ڻеĶȴ黰Ҫˡ
ƤǱ˱ԴһӾһЦӯӯǣոǹ̵ĲС
ǰиĽġ
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á
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ˡ
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ȻҲǿÿȴÿա
ĿԣĿɲǲʶʡ
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ǲ楲ģؾ͸׼ˡ

컹û
һ˾ͻȥ˹Ժ˵Ļ˵ˣдǱĸ楣üֻǵԼοģһúÿġ
ƽʱԼڻ谵֮£極ӣ̲ס˵һ䣬ΪҲһС
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ǰ˵ĻȻˣȴϲǲΰ롣
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ɿǰü֮ص緢֮ɫ楰еѹĵףߵߵ·ˣһɨ֮ǰɣһĨЦݺ˵ðҵţС
ԶĵҲڣصǽġ
楿һۣûȥȥɣҾͲȥˡ
ЦӦãֺ˵һźһȥ
վԭؿԶΣЦЦ֣ŻüºʣǻȺ߽ԺôˣǵӰˡ
ȴִֵվԭأֱȺȥˣ뿪


160 

ųͷ̽ȥ, ŹԺǴ˴ͷæתͷ˵С㣬ˣ
ҲһǳȻҲƼͷ, һֻ, ȴʵʵоûˣϻؼ滹ڶѮ, ǻ컹Щ, ͷžͲ˰Ѷ񶼴ˡ
ȴů֮ʡ
˵Ĵ, ҹձϵķ綼ů͵ġ
Ѵ, ԺǰһƷ顰Ժ, һţʯʨӣԶԶ˾ɭΡ, ⴦طƽʱ, ÿƾʱ־ɴٲأΪҹƿѽЩٲȻվǱȴֹ˿, ֻʱʱѼ, Ⱥӵֲ̤¼
Ʒǿûйҵġ
ͷǿ·඼ŵ, 岽һյҹյ, ܹƼЩ紵΢΢ζһȺѧͷůɫǵӰøĳ, ýˣǵҲɼǰ緢ȥһȺˣȴһŲ鸡Щճֱεˣвֱӱ̧ųġ
Щǿ׳ĵЩԼ͸Ե뿪ˡ
楻δƼУȴ˲ûûƼ˾̺Աһæַ̧һѣվȺջȰ˶࣬ĸ⣬ȥӾͺá
Ҫȥ
кóһûƼˣҪһƼı
ҲҪȴסˣ㻳оšͷ⿴һЩ
ü
ǱӺĸһСѾߡͷҲؾǰߣ׻ԸˣĿȴһֱ׷Ӱ¡
楴ȺԽǰԽࡣ
ǻǸ˻ǿĿȴһֱͷѲߵƷǰͲٽȥˣֻ׿ͷֱƼһϤӰ۾ֺ̧ˣУ
кͷһͷ
кͷãȻɫǰ忡ҲɫȴǷϼˣ·ӶڴˣûкͷŲŲˤ
߶ţըȣʨͷɩӵзҡأˣ⿼治˸ɵġ
òһ㣬ɱˡ
Ƕ˴С춷Ҫƽʱˣʵûʲô԰Ǳһͻ˵⣬ǵúɩ˵´ζ׼һЩԵģһҪ⼸µĳԻ
üۺЦҪӦһϤ
̧ۿȥƼһӰ˴һɫıӣȺӿɻеȴֻһӰҵƻ𶼳ޣֻʵġ˾죬˵Ǽٵģڿ極ɲǣȻȫƣһɨ
楿ǹƼ⸱ģüôˣ
ЦɩɩǶģջ˵ҪһӲֲθ
ԣģЦʲôʱпվ͹ڵڼңҲʶ
ĸжɩɩá
˵㱻˹ȥȻȥϢˣɩɩҲЩȥ˾ڲԶţ˹ˡ
Ŀ뿪ƫͷû˱˴ţڿԺúÿһˣ˿糣ֻǴǰȴԵЩأ°ðһ磬ҲһƬڡ
ſţȦһӾͺˣ̧ȥɬ촽۲ۣ
ҡͷЦס֣ۡԭۣҲˣһǰƼΣ߰ɣǹȥ
Ӧá
ṱԺǰѾûôˣл極֣ߣȺ
ǣ֣߱˵յֵûգԭһģҲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򣬱ڼеϢ
еͷһǰֻͰ񣬲üأ
ǰΪ˷纮üЦſοûʲô󰭣ǰҩ˯š
ŷġ
һ˵̻ؼҡ
極ȵҺͰȥԭҲûð·ݴˣж㣬Ѿͷʵϣһ˵ȵżҪ
ǻżУֻܴ˹ˡ
վͲҪȥ¥ˣڼҺúϢǰ
ᵹ˳صͷҲȰ楣С⼸ҲȥˣЩӶûôϢãڼϢ죬¥̷Сء
ס
ԭ㡣
뿪ʻУȥЪϢ
Ƚȥǣû˯˵һпӦҲżˡ
ЦӦá
˽ݣĸȻû˯üţһԼԼ壬һߣʱʱ̧ͷһ档
̷Ҳڵȡ
СССϣ°ͣ۾ʱʱһͷȻһ˵ģĸ˵һ䡰ˡ˸龪ѣɵ۾һӰҲվ
˵ˡ
мĸ̷Ƶͷ˵ʦˡ
Цͺãʦĸ׼ҹ楣ȥ˳ֺͻ˵׵һ߱ȥˣӺúڼϢпվ塣
һһӦǡ
ü˵楱ĸȥҹȳҹĸŲסȥ˯ˣ̷Ҳ̷ȥϴ˯ˡ
һ᣿楳ſ췱ǣԵĻ˵
ȻûвӦġ
㣬ᶼ˯ˣҲѾȥЪϢˣ˾ǣԺɢŲµķѾƴǰǰ㺮ˣҹˣЩ⡣
ǰȥܾˣֻ̧֣ԼУָ̧𣬺ȻԼѾоûϴˣԺ˶࣬ȻÿÿնһˮֵúֵãҲֻܽϴ
Ҳ֪ûζ
楼ӣôˣ
û¡ô˼˵ҡҡͷ֣Ѽ΢΢б磬˴ߵڣִӸ߻ȥȦȴһ仰ûУо֣ƫͷЩԾʵ楣Ƿʲô𣿡
ǵһξԾˡ
楳ʱԽԽˣʱ˵˵žͿʱֹ·ʲô˵Ϊʲô˵ڡͣ²ӣվǰü΢ϴŹк͵ǣҪн˵£һҪ˵ǿһ뷨ӡ
Ҳ֪ԼԾ
Щ֪˺û֪ǲһģʹصٺãһϸ֡
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˵òƭģȴƭ
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ׯǣҲʹҡ

˵ţ˵꣬һ楣楣Σ
ЦףܺãͰ˵
ԱЦĨЦݺƽʱǸЦݲͬһЩĸˣƺ¼ڳҲЩ಻סԼȸԾˡ
ǣ極֣߱˵һǵķٺú£ԺҲʰ£㿴ʲôϲģȥ빤
֮ǰ뷨ֻǻҪ׼ԣ³һֱûŪ˵ӹȹˣһôʰȽϺá
á
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楾ڴߣƿڵЦӦ磬⡣
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һ٣һ뷨ҲȥǴǳɼˣ˵ҡͷüɼǻû𣿡
֮ͥЦɼǻûҽڹеֵԥԺ˵ģưǵһǱģ
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ڵϣŸ촽һһϣȴһֶˣֻǾ䡰ġڶ߻ơ


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ø߸ߵģǲزסĸˡ
ʱҲŵˣ
֪ưͳɼ, û뵽ܿô, ô, Ȼ˵һ֪, ϶ˣ
˵ž̰Ϣߵȥתȴס, ֮ͥһ㶣ͣ²ӻͷЦŵģ, ôˣ
ո˵
Ǳģ
, Ƶü
ǻ⣬϶ĲԾֻ֮ͥǸɵ, ֻЦǰԼͬ˵, ԭ񲿼λ˺ׯִ, Ǽλ˾ûưȻɼã̫, ѹЩΣ־̫
ʮĻԪ̫, ׯ൱ʱҪᡭ
Ǽλд˵뷨Ҳ޿ɺǡ
־ȴд·̤ǵǰʼ֣ϽǾøһҲûʲôá
ׯ಻ϣǾ£Ҫ˵¡
ԥȥɼʱǡÿ⸱ΣԾֱſ͵ñ˭õһˡ

楰ʼĩˣȴλ֪֪ġ

ǻ֪
֪񣬻˵һǱյԣضᱻӸע뵽⣬Ķһ氲οԼׯĸţбض£ϾһеҲû¶һȴλϾӣǾʹΪԭ򲻵ù£ɻǱأ
ʲô˵
֪ˣֻΣ
ãִ֮ͥŵǣû°ɣ
û¡楰˼ȫѹȥǿ¶˸ЦҾ̫ˡ

֮ͥ楣ܾЩֵֹģȴ˵ˡ
Ҫ͵ȥ˵𣿡˻⡣
֮ͥȻ˻ûپᣬЦǰȻ˵ҿʱʱҪȥתһȦ뿴ɼʲôʱ
֪ϢҲǰ˾Ųʮˣͷֻһ䣬Ӱ񵽵׻ûԼ¾ͺãĪȥ𲻱Ҫ鷳
֪
֮ͥЦűǸͷתüȥ
Ŀ֮ͥ뿪ȴֲڿ촽һ˫ÿҶüţָҲһֱץŴأǰЩӲŻľͷϻЩ̣һգ̱ðѪ顣
۵üæջ֣ͷϸСѪڰᣬۣȴȥܣֻŻͷлƼֵõǣתӡ
ϣ겻ز֣˼ǲͣ
ͷбգڽ׹գҲȾһÿ֬ɫ֪ȥã楺ȻԺﴫ̷ƺͻлĶŨܳ޺Ȼ£ҲһŴ̧ͷ⿴ȥ
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ٻ£һǣ̷ƣһżдš¼ǡֽϲԵͱ
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ԶȻ壬ȴҲܲµ˵ʲô
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֪ʲôжͱݸ磬㳯
ϣһ£ϹŵҶ͸ģ͸𣬱δټժ£ʼձСػš
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ߵò죬üǴǰƽͣʹڵ֪ԼеϢҲֻһ¡ʼǰͱ·ԣͳԵĲҪ¡
ٻƮɿģ楾һͷµӰͦΣһ̾ǰ˼ȫ𣬻һ糣ա
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һһɡ
Ǳˮڡ

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Ӱͱ˳
кǵһҲڰϣȴڡ
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ˣﻹѾһׯӸˣʲôʱпգһȥ
ҵȻûǮҲûң´Ŭ

кֳ֧鹣ҪʲôĲʣҲΪλѸˡ楲ǵϱʲôؽʲôЦ
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졣
ʮģǡһٵӣƣ̿ϴӻҲˡ楼ǰӸһЩӳһ׺콻ӣɷǺÿ
Ѻĸʹã䡣
ȶ˵֮꣬ͥͻҲ˵˲ٻһӵ̷ҲĿ˿ڣԸܸС
һһл㿴楡
ǰǰֻǿû˵ʲôĻֻ˫ĵۿȴ·ʲô˵ˡ
пЦһ
ף˸һȥ
˷
ӣһǰվ͵֪ԪӰѩƵĲϣЩˣǰй߶Ľ߶ĸƵˣû߶Ҳ뷨׽
ῴŻ
մһʽɫ£Ըģ䡢°ڴý˫ѹţһׯϹصĸоǰƶȥɬĬȴҲ޷ӡ
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ǴκĽԪԪյԸУ볯Ϊ٣֪ĺǰأ˼ˣ˿Ǳֵ꣬иȡ
һһףǫѷºֱͣҪ뿪ʱƫͷԺеˣһЦʱݹ䣬谵Ҳճ⡣
Цţ֣ҡ


սǰɫ֮
ϣССӺܿû˵ӰԾɲ뿪Ҳ߳ǿյӣĿԶ
һȥᷢʲô
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յ糯, ׯΪڸ׸ĳȻҲڳ
ȴûж˼
ܼŽѻ, һɫԲ쳤, ǴһֻɺףԱ֥, ǴκһƷĹٲܴķΡȴδ, ڴ, ͷ֪ʲô, ͷ⣬ֿšüׯ, ѯʣջȥ𣿡
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ܼһ
ҡҡͷ, ū֪
ֻǵСߺүȥһ鷿, 춼û
ׯ̧ͷĴô⣬, ⲽǰֿͷ˵ңǲǸ鷳ˣ
ܼһ
ׯƫͷЦţҲû뵽ɡ
ܾû¶ĵЦˣеĳһɨֻЦֿ֮ʼǺӿ壬ʵĳů˭һ㣬ᱻμС
ʵ
ҸûôáׯᣬβһЩãһΪ£뱨ܡ
Ϊ
Ϊܵԭʱ뷨
ҲЩܹ裬ҪĬӺ׽ȴޣҪһӶûа취׽ӡ
֪ԥǲľ֣Ҳȥܡ
ǻʲô룬ϬǼ˵ĻǺӵѹͣôպʱʲôķӦ
ְѱԼӵҫˣǲҲڣ
ûǰ㣬ϬǸӵĳɼҲڴţڴһ죬ڴڴ֮пǸʱ¶ݡ
ԥȥܵʱ֪ԼվǱ˺һˡ
ǺӵȴŹǺӵ¡
ûкڣֻʮѹŵͷԭĻյĿȫǡ
ֱǰӣ
վǰ΢΢šüǸ⣬ˣǲǸ鷳ˣ
ʹȥôãׯ뵽յΣļ⻹̲סһ
ǸӾ֪֪ûĻȥıĳɼΪβŻΪж޲ܾʹ˼ɵһӶ޷ͷ
ġ
궬ѾˣؾܵůӷСׯ´ϸĽۣߴߴĽ˵ȥˡ
뿴ܵЦ
ʱ˵ʲôˡ
ʹҪ޾壬㲻ʲôˣϣŲµĶѾ٣Ůϻ۹ɣʹˣҲܺúûȥ
Ǹӡ
ʹûҲܻúܺá
Ȼȥ뿴ǸӳɼҵǸһԽԽãϲŮ
ҪǣͻȻϣϣ֪ù
ȥˡ
ׯۣŴĴظһ顣
ᣬһЩ֮ȻȴֺһЩѵõľΥɣԼһ㽵ϣ
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ſڡ
ΰѧӴ඼Ѿˣ䲻ڰУȻҶϰԵİǰŵǰԹеϰߡ
кǱߵʱ򣬸еѧѾĲˡ
֪˭˵һ䣬˷׷װĿ˹˫۾ţʹо̹˵jЩڣǻ治ɫ֮ͳЩѧӹ˹֣ǫѷºͣĳˡ
ΪλĻԪ־ضû뵽ǫѷ
㶣ܿ칰ֻߣЦŻص⻹ûʱأҲãԪǰаɡ
ԭͷվһ𣬵е˷׷ÿٲȻҪߵǰ˼޷еķ˵ͷǰȥ
վǰˣһͷѻףüȴºͣйЦų˹֣ǰһһ£ɫֻһ˫۴ẕֿ̇վǣȲҲ񣬼йƲͷԼɫѿˡ
е黳˹һȴǰֻԭء
ɲϡ
Уһ͡
ǰ˵ѹɤģһڼûѹͣ·ƵģΣ׷ʲôΨз΢΢üǰȴסˡ
߾ôˣ㲻ȥҲ֪˭
Ӱ񷢷վͰͷ˴µ˽⣬ӵһǰǵڶ˵Ǵģأλӵһ֣ǳʿ
صغ˵ˡ
˵ļڳߣȴһθĽ
ЩܱΣְһڽϣһҲˮǴߣЩŲݣλȴһֻ䵭ڽҲûбëֻΪ漰Σ˼䡣
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ѧӦjŴţһ·͵ȥ
ֻʣΪjԼලȴǾñȵμӻԻҪѣеСߣ·Ѭ֬ţߣͷĶð麹ɫ糣ȴҲƱ濴ƽ
һ·Ȼ̧ͷĹˣǽߣ洦ɼڣǰףڵÿһطĵط
û˲Ϊȡ
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пŽǰı͵ЩģѹĿǰ

͵ڡ
һںͷʮڣϣٱݣȴ޷סһ˫Įķۣڵ۾У˸ֱӣ԰׵Ƥڳ겻չĵطЩ̬ȴ
͸ǴԲɫ°ڴںɫϣ֮һš
£״ŽղŰʦس쳤̣ȴˡ
ׯأ
ܿһۣ
ԪҪȥʣͼи̽ˣʱׯ豧Ϣ
ܶشÿɷ񣬲δ˵ʲô΢΢֪ˣ쳤΢΢üŶյӣȻׯıׯӣֻҪǲ²齣Ͳܴӡ
ϾڴһѾܾˡ
ĳҲûгܾãܿͷʹͨǡѧѵŲյָȻһˮ⽦㣬˵עⶼͷ˹עʲôֻϵλƲʲôߵɨһۡ
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쳤ƤѲյԸָ߰ϥϣǡסǱˮʪĵط
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ܿ죬ѧ룬˴ǵĳټĹһӾͱխɾšڸߴɨһ۵£֮Ȼһ䣬εĵһλ
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ɽ϶겻ĻѩһֳǵĲĺ⣬һϡ
кȻһɧ˶ĿǰŻеϣҲ˳ǵĿ䵽ǰڶϡ
ǸѧӣҲ谿֪
ƶȴɼȻҪǻһƢԣΪȨٳɶãܶԣȴ͹˵ʵˣĺƽ̣Ѳǵ˿õĻӡ
ʹ쳤̺ׯ裬Ҳ޷ٳ
䣬͸ˣι£ҲֻǸۻ𣬲֡
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£ĳӣ˭ˣҪҪΪãֻΪá
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Ҳֻһ˲
̧ͷǸü˿˿ڡ
˳̧ͷվǰ棬ǰʲôڵĶˣӳһǳĳɫۣǺɫ䳤ۣ粿ý˫ƣͣˣδϣʼձӦеĹǫ

켻ζ
ԭŵܿͫ΢ɫ΢䡣


163 
ĺʱ֡
ѧӴӱ͵
ڽһ, һȺ˼ƣЩ˷ܣ뱣͵ԶһЩǾͲʱǰأ˵
εĿ, Ǹ𼮹, Ҳ˲²θеĻļλ˵Ȼǻк, һǾݽԪ, һǳԪ, λǵһ͵ĳɼ, ղŻشʱҲܼλ˿ءȻһףضд˶ˡ
ôһ, Ȼвк򽻵
ϾȻǹʿͷٲҲиʿݡʿҲֺü֣ǰһ, ͽʿ, Ҳν״Ԫۡ̽ɡȡΣ뺲׵£ڸں, ҲΪպڸѧʿ˻
һ֮Ƕ, ״ͽʿ, ױͬʿ
׵ֻپһοԡ
˿ŻкǶǰ, һȺ˶һۣ˹ȥʡ
ȥҲȥͻ˵¡
ԭͷһ, Ȼ˺ͣ²ӣǵ飬һ˲δڣͼԶ߿һۣһ䣬ȥҪȥҽҳԷ
˭Ҷ
Ȼ㲻ӣҲʲô˹ڨЦһ뿪ˡ
бôһͣһźʻ˵ǲСճŵʱѺ˵Щȥֻǻڵǰ걻ܾܴ죬Цҽ£ȸڽ¥Է
еҲǸˣͣа
ԭΪĻԪɣոҲҪеģܾЩѹҲûвˣ˵պпԼôһ飬õЦݡ
¥֣۾صһ·ˡ
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Աôˣֲᣬԭû˵ᶼͣ
˭֪λԪȻׯȴҾƶ
⻰ʵǹˡ
ʹԭʻеЩѧҲ׷üˣһǱĿĻԪɣһǴθСӣ˭Ҳ׵
뿪ڡ
ֻǻ˵ЦſˣĵطУ¥ʹˣҲ𡣡
Ϳ˳ˡ
˵Ȼû䳰˫УɫõǱбһۣüҲЦ͵ѵ֪¥Ķδޣ
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164 
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⻨һӺ, һƵ֬ɫҲʧ쳤, , , ݣȻ, һȥ
صĽŲټĹ
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ջĿ⣬ѹеľ壬쳤̣ūȥ
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һ¶ȥ
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ǵúܶǰܻׯվ⣬ͷǰΡĹҪıµϣ
ǸʱȻݲȣȴ㡣

һӣһ˰ٹ֮ףһպյȴҲزˡ
վںϣԶ
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165 
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楱ЦˣǶŪôСӣ˵ĲԣȥԺ߶߲ˡ
ȥһкòã
춹һ楱Цָһëû˵ֻǱź춹ߣδ߼ﴫһ󼱴ٵ
ֹ̧ͷȥխֻ谵ûһͳӰһɫӰȻȴѾõǸˡ
У
һĨõЦžϵˣź춹ǰϵЦȴŵһѪζʱסˡ


166 
ŨѪ極ıǼ⡣
һ, 춹һԶˣ˲ȥܺ춹ǰѾе, ޵¹°׵ѩ, ڴˣ, ô£
ôѪŻеĸ첲, ȥ, ͷԸһƬհ, ֻģ顣
ַס΢΢, οһ䣬£ҡ̧ͷ, , Ϊ˱ң˽ˡ
˵⣬еɫҲÿ, תͷ, , æһѣ, û°ɣ
ʧѪɫЩףȴɹЦ, ɣʮİ֣û¡û뵽̫ǣ˴ûסһ䣬ȥ
ɨһԼĸ첲ĿӸ̲סֻͦء
ô£楿ϰ˼˵üҲû£ǽţɫҲÿ
˵ڴĶȴѹɤ˿ڣ˳ˡָ楽楣ҴȽȥҪ֪ǵġ
Ҳ֪Ҫõ֪ǿ϶ĵ˯š
ͷӦһãзȥһ΢ЩӲȻָòˣŻݡ
֮ͥӭˣ楶һ˽ؿ׵ưأҸղˡ
Ѱ˸ڣǰס֮ͥĸ첲糣ؽһ䣬ղźͬеѧӺ˼յƣˣȻȥЪϢˡ
ʲô
֮ͥһ⻰ͲǵôãȻѾͷԹˣУҪȥ
󣬺ܿ極֣Ҫȥڡ
楰ãҪǰˣⷬź֮ͥˣЩСԺͬţܲȥ𣿡ֺ˵ȻСˣͱȥˣͷѾ͹ȥͷ
֮ͥҲ˵ʲôֹֻһ䣬ôʰ˵ţתüȥ
˿ȥ
Ҳ֮ͥЩ˵켸䣬ȫ極Ļȳ극楱ٽѾȥ˻С
뻹밢̴ֽ壬ɨһۣеӻţ㳯ķȥ
ߵߵߵ
洫
Žȥû뵽ֻһڴϣѾˣӢͦı´ɫɲ԰ףţƺеѪɢȥ楷ʣȿ˿ڣȥˡ
ףе̷ŵϣϣšüô£
ĬһſڣҸӻ·һˡ
һɫ΢䣬ϵֶսˣδھͼҡҡͷûж⣬Ҳǳȥġ
򴽣һᣬʣ̽ݣ
û뵽Ӧô죬һĨͣЦǣԭĹ򣬺˼У˴ſˣҳֱѽ׼ӡ
û취ֻó֡
µ˭𣿡極Щ䡣
ȴû̴𻰣Ǿһſڣûв´Ӧߵ硣
磿
Ȼʶ
û뵽üɫÿ
̾һ¹ֱҲ֮⣬ֻǲµҵ̽һ
極Ȼ֪
֮㲻Ǳ˵Сˣǣ֮Ѿµݣеݻã
ǵɫʣڵµӵ
ǡ
ûġ
Ҫο䣬ȻĿһͣڵվһͦεΣѴӳĻУ֪վ˶ã޳ָһֻ̣µбϣɫӳͷ˿ϵ顣
ӡɫһ̱òҰס
ƺ¸һͷǵӰʱɫҲױˣС
ɤ
㷲ͼڵʱ򣬻ȴ̧˿ڣȳԷɡ
ɫ糣̧Ž
ַվһԣŻн¶ڵƻµɫ糣ƽıһʱֲûǡҲû롣
һ֪ʱ֪ԼǻҶ
ȴҲ̫ġ
һϸ緢עⲻ֮ĩϸڶ̽һЩѰǰ°참һЭвֻƽЦһʱҲ֪˵ʲôֻܿߵԼߣꡣ
Թˣƫͷɤһᡣ
極ͷȴЩ磬ګګԹˡ
ףһյ裬ܹԷ𣿡
ܡսС˶Ա㲻ʲôֻԼֻȥŪͿҩǡ
ҲΪСӷģڡ
ɤӦһӴϹµʱСۻУɫ糣ʢŷһʱҲ֪˵ЩʲôֻܰĿ⿴楣ԼҡҡͷҲδԣͷԷȨԼǸư͡

Ρżв˵Խأ֨֨УĽĵиǰ
һյеݸĲ裬ûȣֻһֱ˼ǧ
˳꣬ûʰԹ԰ʰҪȥ楱Ҳסˣ²յæҺһȥ
нŲһ٣һۣá
ͷӦ
˳ŹչһתԺҹﰲżԺӴСƵһ·ǰȴ޻ʵڲͬǰ楲˵ҲῪڡ
һԹȴ䳡
ȴ֪ǺԵʡ
Ȼһ̾˷ġ
楳һֹҲͣ²ӣͷڵͷûеǰҵĵЩԶͷԲбһذ׹⣬ܹؿʱ顣
ƽģȴЩ¡
С
üЩ壬һֺȴֲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ƽʱܸɵŮҴʱС޴롣
п̾һüᣬһ̣һȥǣ֣߽һвסҪʰµˣȴûʰŵ̨ϱǣߵͷ
ȵԺ㶼֪ˣ
Ƿʣȴ϶
һΪлʲôղ˵ľʲô˼ȴû뵽ʵľȻǡ
㶼֪ˡ
Ѳɣ
ûס𾪡
бļ뻳󣬡ҺСʱ֪Լǵġ
ʲô
ûסվֱӣȻ㡭ѵ֪Լ
ôôȣ
е˼Ц̧ձߵ鷢ɫϣ΢üºƽ֮ǰҵȷ֪ĸ˭ֻԼµǵݻ򵥡
񡭡
񡭡ж˶٣ĬһſڣԼµһЩˡ


167 
, 飬顪
極ĺһ˲סܼ޹һ㣬ЩͷƤ, ôҲû뵽
ſ, кܶ໰ʣȴ²
û, ͥԺ֮, ۾ԶŨŨҹɫ, ƺڿһʢ, ƺʲôûû˵, ʵ˼ҲЩң֪˵𡭡ʵѲǵһβ²Լˡ
ʱͲ²ĸӦǳǵĹˡׯ븰ʱҲ᲻ڳԼˡ
һʱ, δ, ֻԼĸȻǸͲϻ
Դˡ
ûж뷨
ľͺܺãıʲô
ֱշһЩ, ٴԼ
ϷͻȻĹػ, Ȼĳ, ȻҪĻǽձ͵λЩ, ̫治ȥ룬ʵ򣬷ſȥ, ᷢЩѲ¡ֻǽȷˡ
ղһ·Ͽźƽղ޲ʵ羪κˣҪȻ˴̹һ㲻ҲΪˡ
˶ã˱㿴á
еͷʱ򿴵ǵĿ⣬̧ͷǸҲ֪ôʲôط˵𣬡ͣͣŸԺӵĻЦֹһᣬɫƽغ˵ȴׯ˵ɡ
ЯƽȻɢҹɫ֮УׯҺãЩֵģֻһദҲûʲôԵĵطұֻǶˡ
ȻϷˣĸͷ
ĸôˣ
Ц̧ȥüʵҲûôºУΪΪԵʡ˵⣬ֵͣͣЩ´һ㲻ͬˡ
û˵Ŀȴһ
м֣Ȼ˵ҽսʱ򣬿ˡ
һ˱»˭
п³֣΢䣬в֪֪˶٣Լ²һ˵˳ɽʱһλʦѧϰ䣬ǴñĿʾˣҲ֪ǺݡտүʱԼЩ񡣡極ɫЦҲ¶ˡ
£Ҳ֪ãʱ죬ȴ֪ΪΣԽˣĺ촽һֱߣֽץģЩˣ㻹µʲô
𣿡
ͻһѯ˶סˣΪлͼ֮û뵽ͷĿ͵ؿǰˣɫ£ɫüƺ˵ĲԼ£˵ġ
ôµģɬɳơ
ˡеɫҹ﷢죬ɫģ΢΢ţһڽȥ߬Щ׵֣ذ࣬Ȼ£Լ֮Уݣׯ࣬ϷˣеӣǼиͬ㣬Ǿǵ
֪֪˭ɿᴹȴЩ˵ڡ
֪Զûб濴ôƽʵҲ΢΢ϸ΢ȴû˲ĵزҲʮ갡ǰ򶨣
־ʹϸܵţţɤƲס΢΢С
ͷ
ˮһģ۾
ϻۡ󡢼ʹڰҲһŻģӲΪºĻ࡭õˡ
ȴѹ
ѹ̲ס̧þȫס
ͻӵû˿׼Ļеһ£ܿ죬ͷס͵ЦֻǽҹĨЦע޷ǰǰ㴿ɾ
֪˶ãſڣǡ𣿡
û˭楷·֪˵˭Ĭһе˵ͷɬ﷢࣬ǡ
бû˵
ܾãõ楶ʼ̧ͷʱȴһ翵ǰֻǲ²⣬²ĸǵΪɷׯΪһ㷴ӦûУ
λžΪʲôҪطˡ
С
極ͷеָţûа취ͷȥЩ£߬䣬ɤ˵ҲǹҪģֻǡ
֪
ḧͷɣ֪ǲҷЩ£楣Ҷ֪ġǵ˫ۣͷӡһǣοĲ
楹汻Ǹƽ˲ȴǽס֣ͷڶ֪ˣô
γĬ˺ܾòſ極һЦۣɫ֮»ˣֵķҹɫҫ̵Ĺḧ極ĳ۽޴γͶӰķʤѩЦ楣ֻһɽĻС
ҲֻС
ߣԸмҲ
ش楲е⣬סе֣ŵʲôѡҶߡ
򴽣楲֪ΪΣȻ뵽һΪ˱ѡӦĺ룬һָ̽߬͸Ƥ⣬ȷŭίУǲ붪ң
뵽ǰ˵Ľ֣ȦҲŷһȦ죬ֲ߬ɿִֵرͷĶң
˵ʲôæ̧סͣͨȦִֵӣ̾һΣ˭˵Ҫˣ
ȷһ˲ԥ
ǼһĻ᲻ˣǣǲҲᱻۣ
վ᲻á
һҪĶ࣬ܵõģŬõģȥΨ楣ʮΨһ̰ˣʹԼҲСţ뿪
һƴȫػԡΪá壬ֿ
ο֮Īܵȥʹˣһ鲼µܱ뱣ˣ
Ҳֿ
ס룬Ҳͬ⡣ѵôһЩԵЦֹ̧ıӣˣٹ£ǾҪɻˡ
楿ϵɣһ
ɿ֣ĻָĦĺ󲱾
Ҫ˵һ𣿡ʵ򣬻в£Ͼ㲻ʲôʵ£ҪȢ楣Ҫļ̹ϡ
οʦĸӡ
楳Ĭһȴҡͷֻܾ֪ᵣģҹλ֪Ѿ֪͸¶ߣǲá
гһᣬ˵ͷ
Ժվһᣬеü߰ɣȥҹ楻ͷȾϷ纮
á
ǣԼֳǱߣߵ·ʱȻ˵ڶȥѡȥ
нŲһͣΣƫͷӦһáǰ֪˭ĸҲͰˣ֪ȷȥһ
ֻǹλǰˣû׳־ֻԼ·һԵҵĸӣֻһԾ

楻
Ҫݣ⿴վͥԺе
ղŻȥ·ϣѴ楿֪ݣǰھӪպգʱվǱ߾Щģ
ԭͣһᡣ
һ֪òǰӣĬһᣬջǿ͵̾һɡпڣ˫ĿصطСŹҪ꣬ʱȴӣԹȥ߽Уϣյ裬һյתһſѯʣôģ


168 
ôģ
ǻ֪Լĸǵ, ֪£һĶԹЩʣֻ֪ĸ
˻
ûд
ڱׯʶʱ, Ҳ˽´ׯҵ, Ǹʱһ˵, ǹׯ˵¡ɹʮ, ܴĶʵ֮, ֻ֪λгһ˵ĳƺ, һ游͸׶պյ, СȵڳЩӹһ󣬻ҪǸӿɡ
ҲҪ˺á
ȵ۴ͻ飬޵ǵ¿״Ԫ, ޶, νһ˳˳ˮ춼ȥձ

˼ź˵Щµʱ, ȴǴСҴ, ĸ׳ԲԼ, Ŀ
۵ݣԻһ
ǻҲֻипһ, ûбͷ
ʱĿϣݵɫóĬ, ȴջĿпһԵĵƻϣ紵ú̧ȡµ֣һԵͷһصо
žһ졣
һ£谵ڱ
⣬ܿҲϡͥԺӻïʢһ㣬õĴա
УѹֵɤҲ𣬡ܵѪţǸʱѾоŸµӣһƣȻұסԼȴûܰ
Թܣȫǲӣ󵨵ֱ֡
ȴ΢΢üƫͷ
֪ó£æ󣬡ܵλԭˣǰǸҵĴС㡣λͬʱ˵ҲҧԼȵ۴ͻ飬־ÿǻûүү۸ˣصү뾩ʱֵϡ
򴽣üҲ΢΢⣿
䲻ԸȴҲֻܳϣ˵ͷүүһ£ûҳʲôԵĵطֻǼ곤üɲɣʵǾﲻ𣿡
û˵
ٸ鰸ҲҪѯ֤֤ο¹ȥʮ꣬տڰ׻ܶϵģһᣬֻʣô֪µģ
ׯ͹λݹػͬˣ˽¶Σ¡ΪԼΪĸܴȥ
µ궼˭֪
һګګӦֻүܣпŮӽԼϷ֪¡
أ
үǺ֪µġ
⼸༸λܣΨһһʶģгָ棬λӽںδ
֪ǻɣæӽùôСڿߣܱѿ˵¿һ˹µȿᣬҲһȥˡ
λ͡ĬĬֹһ˵ȻЩ˶ܣôϾô֪µģ
ѯʹϣ
У˵Լյһţ֮¾ҹˡ
ţ
üɲ˭͵ģ
ҡͷүүȥҹû˵Ƿš˵ֽסȭͷ޵׼ģ
죬Ҳи֪Դͷеһû˵ǵ΢üӰУԵԽ䡣
ʱҹڵĻֶʼͣˣֻߴߴš
ŶĬ꣬ͻȻǺɵһһ£ԽԽ죬ֲؽգŻеĿҲԽԽȣȻиͷ֮ǰܻ£Сһܵÿõ
Ѫȣס
ӣ乬ͻȻбȭҪ֪ʲôȥ
ҡҡͷá
Ϊβã鿤𣿡üǵԼЦ䱸ɭһЩҲһĻᶼûУȰźã֪ʱ䣬ȫһԡ
ܴĸΣͻȻ
ͻȻôһ䣬̾ͱˣҧŴͷϻش
бԹ˵Ҳ֪һĶԹ˴ĸվмģˣ乬ܾĥɼʹҲû³ʲôǰʲôã
ο·̫Ҳȥ
ԣ£ԭĲж⣬ȷӦе۾Ҳӡ
游ȴգ㵱˿
ǻĵڶԭ򣬡ԭȲ֪ҲͰˣ֪ϣܻصԭڵĵط
һʵڲֵ
ȴĿҲòֻǰ˼ڻеĸǰץ°ڣʣӣҪˣ

û뵽¹æȥ
ȴôҲ𣬻û취ֻĿεؿҲǲҪ㣬ֻǾʵڴСã㻽ӣĸ꣬Ȼǰ㵱˿Ҳϣиǰ̡
һֻߣ濤տסеĸ첲ͷƣ֪ҵжĽүүԽд֣Խ䣬ȴֻ͵͵Զǡ
楲֪£ȻӲ֪һһᣬȻʣǵǸҵС
һϲӻǵã
еͷʱ쳤ϰ䣬ʱؼ˱һЩԴĺӣСϲȺӣΨһ⣬䣬ʱϲ۸
ǻտʼϰ򲻹ǡ
˼ôʱͻȻиС֣ǣеû¡ҲֻǳôһΣҲûмˡ
Ǵ֮үҳ߱˷ֲã֮Ͳٴȥˡ
ҳȥҹء˵Щʱ˫ĿЩܿ죬ֱŻ˵ӣߣҴ濤ػ
гĬĿᶨ̾ˡ
ɡٴ̧֣һЩûм֣߸վ
ҹ
ȥЪϢ
Ӧ֮˵һ£ӣүһˣǺҲ࣬ǰˣסǡӲ֪ԼȻţȻ֪ˣĴ㡣Ҫ𣿡
ԣĬһ˲ſڣȥǣԸ£ԸҲǿ󡣡
ֻһͨˣȻ붯Щˡ
Ҳ֪պǺΣܱ˺ãʹΪԼҲҪ氢ǿǡ
һ⻰Цǿ϶Ը⡣
ЦЦû˵
*

Ͽϣĸ̫ãű£뿿ſž˯˹ȥ˯ȴ㰲ȣɫ԰ףϸüţ촽ţ֪˵ʲô
ͻȻ
һۣľͷ̺ѾҲˡ
ӣɫ΢䣬ȥµתͷԸһ䣬ŲԶȥӣ˽ȥʣˣôˣ
׵÷·һ㶬˪ѩڷҲڴ
̧۾ǰķֽ֣ץĸ첲ˮ˽ץľҲţ֣εˣվǰѪΪʲôҪô
һ⻰ɫʱһ£ܿ죬οǶΡ
ϲ𣿡
ǡ
ֿοͱˣ˭Ҳµϣοԭʲô֪
ԣŵԷһЩ뵽ǷҲţץĸ첲üǷžȥûֻΪʲôҵĺӣȴô
쳤̵߽͸дš
ԭֻţһܸһٿͷû뵽
⻰Ҳһ˲ְܿοǱˣˣǻڣôʮ궼ûһϢȥһԽһɾϸϸ˲ϵĺ˱ЩˣүӾҪˣ⸱ӣǾ͸ˡ
һ⻰ȻһЩȥͷ»һѡ
Ⱦָֻ֮ˣƹʮˣ̫ʧ̬𷽲Ÿ˵ĿüϵģүҲأȥʲô
Ȼ֪ū澲ȥҲַԶ
һᣬҡҡͷˡ


169 
ҹ֡
ʱ, ͻȻһ˵ȶסˣǹͣȻҪд, æĸ̫̫
Ŵº˼һǲȥͷɽ
, ݣȴò, ɽûʲô, ϸװӻװ

үأ
ɽææظ, ͷһʵı
ҹӦ, ˶¥ſ˾˵£ûü, ֻȥ¥ϸһԼæϻ˼ҡ
ڳĹ;˳
ȻְʱҪߣȴǸûʵְв
ǰڽ긮ʱ򣬱˲֪ĹϵȻ, ⳤ, ﹫ֶ˾ῴǵϵǼ˸Ϊĸﰵѹ, ڹٳֱǸܵУ
Ӧ, Ҳϣܾʹ˴ĹٻȦ, պôʩȭš
û뵽ղŰʦسȻɰ˻ˣζλϹϵ, ϧλ̫̫ӲΪ߶˵Ϊ;ˣϡ
պ, ȴҲҶ˵ʲô
ʱ˼УȻҪдֻɨһȦȴֻƼĸԼ֮㡣
ԲԷŵʮڣֻһĸ̵ǿûͷԹԳԷϰ֮ڣ㲻棬ȴҲֻǷ꣬Ըһ䡰һꡱȫûӭ˵˼֮ɫɣһ񣬡塣ȴҲǵúܣʲôҲʲôء
ɽвȴЦ㰡
ѹñժ˵ݸһԵѾߣֽӹӲ˻֣ЦǺ߹ȥ겻㶼ÿҸˡлҳ׽ԱߵȴЦһ
кЦȴǰ۵ӣעһЩ
ƲƲ죬û˵ʲôԹԳԷ
ĸˣɽȴ
֮ԽԽḶ́ܽҲ˵ãǰǸĻģȴҪϲ٣ԺÿȥÿշѧҪȭÿοһģþ
ǰڽ긮ó׵ϣС
ⳤǣʵлհڳףҾˣһǸεû˵ʲôͿ˺ãɵڶգȴڳŲ˼
Ǵ֮ʹҲʲôˡ
۲Ϊ
ɽ治ɫЦ֮㣬үأ
ȥ밲ˡɽ˵֮Ƭ׺͹òл˵ղѾǱ߳Էˡ
ֱӰɽĺ󻰶סˡ
ɽϵЦױýӲˣüҲ͸Щˡ
Ͽ⸱ģüٴΰյô˵ƤǸиˣʱͷŮˣ棬ˣû˷ֻ֣ʣӶ
ʵ˳ɽûǰСͣ߶
ûǸ˼ҲΪıÿţɽǸˣҪ棬ö֮Լȥͷı·ˡ
Ȼֵɡ
ֵܳɽҲҶʲôǰڽ긮ʱʱЩݺݺֹⳤ˵ɽԼ͵ùܺĿھúý̵һ˫ŮΪǺúıһ
Էɡ
Ѿ꣬˻ɽвҲֻֻǸո£ƼһԸ֮㣬ĿһȻԸ
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쳤⻰ӳϵϲƱ
ȸǺ㣬һ֮վȽŸֵպ֪ʲôԼźûƼĺĺá
ҹԽˡ
йֶȴٳδ˵ֹһᣬ쳤ǡ
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С
Ϸһתŷ飬һ˵׼սѡ

쳤߳⣬һͷա
ŨīҹǴһЩɫֻԭԲ²֪ʱƲæ磬쳤ԽԽãʱһ¸뱱ѩѩ켸ҹҲڻ£ߵĶҪһѱܷ硣
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ܿҪϵﲻ򲻶ˣЦЦʲô˸Уӹϣأ
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ָһ䣬Ҳˡ
쳤û˵ʲô
ߵüŷЩԣɽϣϹЦվһŮҸһǸһ۸߬ȭͷ¶Ӷ쳤ЩǣĶӣϾȻҲһЩ
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˼Ҳ˽ԼĶŮû˼УҸĸһú
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Ҳû뵽ҹôһĸִɰҲҶҪ£ɽͬİҿ˭ߣ
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쳤̵ɨһۣԼ࣬áֿһ֮㣬ɫɲãü΢ûʱʣֻ߰ɡ
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ɽЦǳͳһصü䣬ĸˣָҪʲôã⣬֮ô棿
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ĸбãȥ档
û˵ֻͷŶߵĿοȴԭĻǻԽԽѵģиӰ
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Ȼ˵λãǾͺúദʹɽãҲҪԡ
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Ҫ־͹ֶСһŻ죬ƫʱֳ£һٷⲻˡһ̾ӦһתСԼҲĸŮڵӹȥ

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쳤ʱŷԼĶĳˣѾҪߣһӢηĽˡ
Сˣ쳤ջĿ⣬˵㾶ֱת鷿ȥ
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ʱû˵ʲôֻɫҲûж룬ֻǡ
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Ӧֵͣȴְߣսδһ˿ɡ

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뿪ӰӰ쳤̿ſţͻȻЦ

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Сȥɡ
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楿뿪ӰֱŮջĿ⣬߰ɡ


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楺Ȼ֪˵ʲô
ΪͻȻΪԵʣһĸûҪʥּ˼ʥּڣ벻󣬻ʶڣ¿ĸϣôŶշһһּ⣬ĸڱĶֻҲʧˡ
ԹЮͼûкý漰ĻǱµ˽¡
һĸҲȻսһЩĿҲԽѹɤʣɻΪ
Ϸ˼㲻ɨЦ極ģοû£ҶҲй֮ΪҲΪҡ
ǳʢܿȵһͬʱ̫ĸ׵ԵʸշһҪա
ʱȴֻһ˴Ļӡ
ڹײܱ̫۸߱˼أʱͰ͵С˭һϲ˭Ҳ˵ϲ棬СҪͣͷܿ㵽һ͵͵㡣
ӴˣͻһЩǿ㲻߬סһС䣬֪жͼʲôöͻ
Щ˵Ǻöȴֵһᡣ
ܿʲôöûСӵһƬ֮ģ״˵ģǻῴͷ۾ľˣ̫˶䣬ż̵ܳһ棬ʱҲ̺͵
˵
Сųģֻû뵽
ʱҲ룬Сʱ򲻰ܣǲǲҲͲĽˡ
Ϸ·࣬ɬϵЦһЩŴϥϵ˫֣ʹҲʼԳһӲϡ
ڹ
ڲ֦Ƶ̺ϣԭҪǷڰգĿްеǳһ䣬ùҲҡ
ûٷȴҲûʥּ
ֻתصǸ߸ߵϣַαϷ˲ˣʱշŻԻӦʡ
ʹѹȥüʱ뵽ʱǻϷ˵ļ⻹̲סһܣֻ˵ŵҲϻǸӣҲ֪ݡ
ȻԽܡ
ٳŵѳŵܻ֮꣬ڷڣ¾˼꣬ҲסǼꡣ
ܿɻǵýյĳŵ
һ㣬˭ҲϷڶݵسĬ󣬿˵ȵԳɼǺӲ뿪
ͳ̰ţ뿪ıְǲ̤볯ãЩʲôǺõġ
楳һ˲ȴҡҡͷ뿪кã
֮Īλ淴ˣӵĺǣзǻֻб˴ˣǻˣѡ
ΪǵԵʾ۵ֳҲǶزء
Ҳͬ£ǸһԼԿ࣬ҲһίƳĸϵĵǣοģˮڣЩҲûáҡһ٣Ҫ˵չĵڶ׮¡
Ϸ˿ʲô
˵ˣλûи֮黹ö֪Ҳû˼ǶˡǽЩӣаοĻ
ԹҸҪͨ˼ҵ
οСδԣҲ˵޸ദ⣬Ϊ˴κ𢣬о֮ţȴӵµġ
ʺϵһ࣬һλʩİһ㣬عλ˭
Ϸסˣ楣ɤګګո˵
ס֣ͷǣѾµˡ
ôᡭ
ϷȲţ޺ϣ楱ѼǰͻеǷͬ˵һ⣬˵꣬Ϸ˳ĬΣ̾˿̫ˣҪܵʹҲҪ˶ࡣ
֪Ҳá
Ǻ˵Ҳûܸû˼ô꣬ٺõҲʱˡ
ҪӣȻеȥ
󻰲񣬲ﻹʲô
ĸһʲô˵ʲôĸҲᣬϷȴǳĬòžüЩH°ˡ
ȴǲģ
ԼıŮһֱĬһ˲׻ǿˣҽսʱ򣬼ǹɽ˴˼Ůȥܣ׼׸¡
˵̲סġ
ΪԵж飬ЩΪ˵Ӳһû뵽ͣȴг¡һʿĻ
ѲҪϣ
ҲգֻҪϻǸӵģֻҪð楺ǺӺúõģôȥ
û뵽£һ֮ǰҲ£ǻЩ¶⣬ҲͲᣬǸɽˣ䶼ͨɺӼݱǻûӰˡ
ȥ˻ˣ
룬־Ȼһ˿ӡûУƳĸź˼סĸ첲ҽʱ򣬻ͬ˵ĸͷ
ϼͷҵʱұ
⺢ô˵Ϸһ⻰ﻹ˵ܣӶǻУԭΪ֪Ҳ̫׽֪ⲻϸĸ飬ԾǷ־ǸʮĿ࣬ȻһЩϧֲõ㣬ȥͷǾһš
楣ϲʲôͷóһϡ
˵Ů𻰣һ㶣ô˵
楱죬һеϣԹĸ۶ˡ
ϷһЦŵͷ⺢ӣȻԼδĴף
ԭΪ˺ˣȻգ˵ϲʲôͷ⻶ЦҲ˿Ϸ˷æȥй÷極ķԸȥۣҹһš
*
еʱɫѽ谵
īɫ죬ϡƼͷмˣҲǮƵİԺµĵСˮųټĽϷ⣬ߣδתСƼɽ
ɽջҪȥӦ꣬ոջǻѡ
ԶԶƼйס˲ӣˣ˭
һۣ𣺡Сδ򣬽δǵһλСڼ̫̫ͣҲˡ
ɽһ
δǵһȻҲжţǻ˵ʱͰΪʲô뿪ǻڣȻĸףôҲܽ˳һ档
ο˵һׯˡ
ۼԽԽύһȴְѻеԸóӦģԱվţڳһģƽҰɫȴڻʺõʱסˡ

ɫ԰ףҲһ·ʲôըһ㡣
̧ͷƼɽ⸱飬治ɫǸǫģһҪȥϷ밲㲻߶Ŵˡ
˵ֿͿһС˵߰ɡ
ɽʱĻǵ
ĿɿڴŻ뿪ӰԶˣȻץס˵ĸ첲㿴û
˱һͰ͵ʲô
ˣ㲻֪ɽͻȻɿ֣Ҵӳ긮ִӽ긮շתͻһͨֻҲֻǸֲ֪顣
һʱȷͷסૣôô񣬵ɺϻʲô
˼⸱߶߶ģԽ¡
ûзǲԶĵطվһˣһ£ɽ⸱飬ҲЩ˼ؿŻ뿪Ӱ


172 
ǰ˹, ǻˡ
楱Ӵͷվˡ
ʱֵƻ裬ĺδ£̧ͷ, ܿձϼ, һɫһ, һԽԽ谵, Ҫնڰ, ٰƳһȴϵ֬, ɫǶһƿ˰, Ҳ⻹δԺ
վ⣬Ǵ󿪵Ⱥɫţյո׺ƽĴͷƮǰȴݵʮ־Ļ԰
ʱ, ܻ, һɫٲ
ﶼǺõġ
վǰͬһĿһգգе, ﲻɵЦ, Űû, Ǹһ㣬ϷûƼ, ȻָôЦء
ЦЦû𻰣׿Զ, ǲŷֱգҲǵһδĸȷ˽š
ɱϾͬ
δݼĸԹȥ֮Ĺѡ
˵ѪԵ֣ĸѪס
Ȳ˼Ǹ˻ֶһ۰ˡ
ﻹһ˵ˡ
˿࣬˿վ⴦ģԶֹ
ﱾҲֻǵ٩𣬶Ҽ㣬ҲˡҪ鳤楼꣬Ҳǿ楳ǰ壬һ˿ȴҲ˾롣

˵Цʻһϲλӻб£˸п
ˡ
СѾẰһ
楱һֱǴǵһ۾Ƽ˳ĻС
һɫԲ쳤ۣ׹ŵɰǰ͸һݣ໨ҶïȴմƬͷ޹б䣬ϼ֣һشݡ
ҲƼ楡
ԭº͵üƼվڴŮʱüʱ˼Цû˵ֻǰлΪ·С˲ſ楣ȥɡ
ЦӦãʹǰƵȥǣ֣ǸŰӣһЦȥɣĸˡ
Ӧãͬһȥ
˲磬Ц棬༸СѾӵǶͷߡ
ûһͿһֻͨղŸ·С˻վԭأС˲ʮû飬ƽձרͿ͵ĻҲǼٹͣȴǵһαֿĵлһʱԭ뿪ڻ̧ͷֻƼȥӰӰһͦһ˶϶ĵĵ°óһСԶԶȴʵǰ伫ˡ
Ŀ¶֮࣬Ҳɳ̾һ䡰ɲŮò
С㶨£ظ£˭˽˵䡰ϧ̾ͼޡ
ҲǣԭС㶨ÿӣȴֻܼ޸һû˫׵ĶˣǻԺλСûЦС㣬˵һͿһʱȻĴϻͷʱԽЩȴԽԽˣ۾Ӷࡣ
Ȳ˵λжԪׯʶ˵λӵƷòҲһǱ֮ЩҲǲġ
οС㻹ǧ˳ؼ涼ܼһ档
޷ͼ˳⣿
ŵٸߣòڣҲǱ½Լ˵㡣
뵽ոһº͵ĵлСͷȴǰЩ˵ͻҪˣ߿ˡ
Ҳû߳Ƽվڼе԰⴦档
С㡣æЦܹȥ밲
գգۣعĿǰСϣüһһЦʵôôˣ
˶һᣬСҲЦֻǾûƢãС޸Ǻø˵⻰ԣҡҡͷԲԣСҲãǡ
û飬С˰۾һϲһԣ

뵽ǰ˵Ľ֣вЦһȴԣǸģ˻һתԼԺȥ
һ·ǵ·ղŵĻ԰
ǰɽ粻Ӱ֪ǼȥӦˣʲôȥˣҲ⣬һ·Ҷǰš
˼ȴûһǶϵġ
û뵽Լķʽϱ楽¶ɱϷ˵£ûֱŪ
ȼǵһա
˼ѩϵĻѩֱ˵ȣ˰極ıԺǸŮŸٻձ̫ʦϣ٣ҡҷϥϻϺð׺ƤƳɵ̺ӣֻ޳ύգµһֻĴС¯һ˫Įۿ
Աߵĸ߰ϷһðҩζϤ֮ɫ䡣

ӰżѩУݽѩУƴҲѡ
һƷھĽÿÿ楣Ǳ΢һʱģ
ֻʱԱ⣬ǻȴǺ֮໹Ųš
楾ɱ
ǵǻֺޣѩƵֺֽУµȴֻĿ⵭ؿ˵һ䶼Ըֻ˵˸ɫ˶ҩ
ϼʱϵֻҪ極С
ɻŵľʵҲûкö١
ɱ˵±¶ֱ֪֮˯һ֮࣬㱾Ͳϲ֮վ뿪˳
зߺֶνĶӣһټҷһֽ飬ϳ˵Ĵɢҥԡ
ǰ۵˺Ĺ
ؼңǻᱻˣջܲ£ɽ¿Һͻиǲؼңյſڣ˾ͰŹˡ
λõܾܵ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
һֻ֪Ϊ楱ǰߺǵ㣬֪ĸŴݺ楣۲û
֪أǿһȴ˰ͽˮУ׼뿪һ
˵˼ʵΪա
ˮֵݶ
ʱһָû֪ǱˣЩƽտڿŴȱŷŵһ̱ףʹǲ˵һٴ
ˮлûһ꣬ͱ˻ĥ
ƺǵǰϵʹ˫Ŀ΢ӵҲһս촽Ҳһֱߡ
ʱҹĻ٣ͷƬϼҲڱҹȡȴоһ˿⣬ԵĵҲһ㡣
һεվǲЩġ
ԭرĿһᣬʱ˫Ŀͱƽ࣬²ɲһĨЦ
֪楺һ
ֲһôȲ
û£ˣܹЩʹࡢ裬һΣҪҲһһһ飡
뵽տƵ׮ţĿ΢
ɽڻɡ
ȴΪ˼֪һЩ˲֪š
ֲϱ»УÿÿƼʣԭΪԵһδ£˴𰸡
촽΢̣Ϊˮûг׽õɫڼеԵӳ£꣬Ұ׺ˡ
ҹ·ܳ
ȴܺõĲǹܵĵƻƬ촽΢ţᳪ˸ҥǴһ˵Ժӣʵ˵ĺܡ

ɽոտˣ֮һԳֵϷ˴һַŽȥϴ楱ͷŻ˵
⸱ģһҲ֪ôˡ
Ҳûͷˣǲģֻλˣׯ޲޵»ĸ
Ҳ֪µ᲻ʲô¡
ϻеĵģһ㶼ģЦſοõͷĸύġ
Ȼûٱ£ȴ֪ܺ˭󣬾͸˭֪еݣֻ·лôҵ
ĵһˡ
ոպȥʱ˲ٹ£֪ˮ֮һֱڷУǰʲô𣬿ǾòԾ
ʱ濴Ŀ⣬ģˣʹǾѹ֡
Ȼֻһţ楻μסˡ
ֻۻ룬ҲͰˡ
ǣЩ˻ǲ׷Źˡ
Ⱳ֮֮Ϊ滹ûʲôһЩͲˡ
楱ŽһԷҲóû̽һĸž۵ӣ룬ա
ûҪΪˣⷬ͡
οҲ£һӵеĶһˡ
ôˣ
мšüʡ
楱һ˵¡šüǵģ룬ûֻͷ۵ŵһ䣬ȥ˵
ҲûӦã۽ʱһվ


173 
ȳ극
Ϸ˻ͷ˵, վͷƳʱʱ󿴣楲ɺЦʲôأ
㶼û𣿡
۱ʵתͷ, ǰΪ;Ե, ӢҲһЩǰûеĳȣʱȴšü, ֹôĸԻиã
ղųԷʱʱʱмв, Ե, ˵ʲôԺϲͳ
ȻĸҲǼ, ǾòԾ
楱˵Ŀһڵʱ, ȴЦӯӯģֻŸ첲Цôδĸϲ, Դˣ
˵ʲô
۵͸ըëèƵ, ֻ۾ˣһعŲӣغߵһἵһ, Ҳĸĵӣ
СǺƭ
ոջüһ, һ, ֻǵˡ
楶һа취ЦſʼԴ˳ë, ԶԶԣСôἵأ
۱Ÿ첲°ͺһ極Ķֹ˵˵, ǶֶŵģֲСˣƺǾүӶĨûˣ̰һůûѣĵͷʡȴʼһ˵ģĿ⻹һֱԱߣЩѾתͷƼƽյ硣
ջֵʱ־òᣬֻǲÿڣֻܳվһԣǳƨģ
ǰһֱ棿뵽ǰ˵ģۡ
˵棬ĪֱץĲʸУϳƨıһᣬæ֮ǰɽһ٣ĸ׾Ҷʡһ˴ź˼롣
⸱ż͵ģ΢΢һӦЦû˵㣬㣬Ӧõġֻ˵ǰˮˣտŵЩͬ
ͬ𣿡
һ㶣ûòͬǺǰһ𣿡
ÿǿ廨ҲһųѾ˵ҴҪĸţʵǲȥ

˼һ䡣
ǰһĲֱܾ֮ͬɽѵ⡭˶ӣο汾Ͷ˼УʹҺޣֻҲÿϸ죬Ҽˣɫƽʵֻ֡ǲ澿ǺһǺϱƵĿʼ֪ڲرܻˣ
ôˣ
̧ͷһЦû¡Ƴгֺ۽һ䣬ʱͶĸ
Ҫ˵
ۻһ䣬á
Ƽ߹ĻֱŸ첲һָ֮ǰĳƨģƲͷ˵˰ȥĸףԹвһ仰ͬ˵Լӽȥ
ǺƢ
楿ӰЦҡҡͷ䲻»ȴǽһ䣬ӣ㡣
֪治ϲҲοƿĳɼǰάˡ
Ǻ
Ӳ
뵽⣬вһЦ
ͷǺĩʱڣ綼ůģ楿ǰˣǺɫĵк⣬ȰջҪһ񾲵ͣ·Ŷıԡ
Цʲôü
ûʲô
üĿЦģ̧˶ǰ鷢߰ɡ
ףСѾҪȴ֣øˣԼȥǡ
СѾԥһ£뵽λСǰڼ˵һƢԣǵͷӦǣеݹȥ
ȴû極֣нסˣ߰ɡ
Цף˼ȴͣ¡
ôֻ£Ҳͣ²ӣȴŮ֣谵ҹɴֵճĵƻҲְҹ·һ㡣
һƼеЦ⣬Ҫʲôˡ
û˵üȴԽºͣһɴֵƣһ£סģһߡ

ţ֮ǰδĻ˵ˣ
ȻҲû
һյ谵͵ƣãͷڻеĴϣ޳ָһ棬һĵ˵ֻǾЩԾ
棿
û뵽ղüľλС㣬кȻʮھӣίʵϤᣬȴֻǳĬһ˲㸧ĳʣô
ȥﲻԣֻδ㣬·ƶ˵лǶԵġ
Īۣ࣬һЦ ȥˡ
֪ǰϷҪ˰˿ţҲû˵ֻǱҲЩ˵ˣͷȥǸ㡣
á
ʱǰлǣҲԸûеġ
ЩڵĻ¥ǳҹߵģͷķڣ楼Żе֣ʵոĸʲô
Ϸ˵һЩ¡
֪˵˭϶һ٣밲οȴ˵һ䣬С
ţ
楿ʲô
£пȻẰ֣á
Ȼ֣һʱЩûӦګګһ䣬ʲô
иƬĶ䣬ظá
ߣֱѹͣԴʹŵû˼ૣȴһĸоֻôͷŶУӶһͿҲĲУ£ϵЦͷһνͰʵ㣬ô֪ģ
ȴǻͷ
֪Ȼĸ
СĸֻСʱԷ˯ʱŻỽȳҲû˻ˣﶼ֪ضĸͬ˵ģ˵߻գһϼȥŤĸ첲û٣ȴĹĵУѧˣ
ȴܺõһЦ˫סԼ°ͷ͵͵Ц
ҵķʻȥҹɫɲϼղµȴΪСɢ
*
ֹ˼ա
Եĳɼк¿״Ԫ̽Ҳһ⸮ܵһ֡
ɼһӡ
ü֮ǰ˻ȥѧӵĹأ⼸ջоѧء
楶ԣӷ·ָֻ˴ǰģ
Ǳûʲô쳣Ҳûʲô˻վǿţƽʱڼп飬ȥ¥һ֮˶ɵﰢǲٳ֣еǸɾ¥ѲҲʲô
ǻһѧء
صسȥˡ
񲿺岿˸ȫڶǽĹڣв¶ƣһ鲼Ȼǲֱӽȥڹһ֣óһԣԼ߽һұ˼óŵʱȴƼϡ
СĸÿؾסȻ졣
ֻλºʹȣȴϲܾϲǷµĳãԼҲ֮йء֮ǰ׮ϷһԸΪ֮ĸȴ޷ԼӵĻ£Ȼûʲôɫ
ϲһ£ȴװûƼסˣ߹ȥ밲
楣
ϿɫЩ磬Цô⣿
楲δڵδ򡣡
룬δ¿״Ԫѧأǰᣬȴʮֲû˹ϵǰЩɢȥᵹʵЦŹˣϲˣٵ
ȻҲ̹ȻؽݹأƳԲ԰δϢõЩ죬ôˣ
û£ûϢá
ǿһЦδ˵Ҫ楻ȴԶ
楣
ĸף
˻ͷ
к֮ӹٵһһ̰࣬ȴ֮ˣϲоɫڿ֮ʱҲʱúÿ࣬Ҫ˵ȴƳߵˡ
ʱ
׻һ㣬ŲԾȥɫҲɷײѣиǰŷһţ̶ֽ֣һ䣬֮˼䡣


174 

ûоЩԾѾ, 楺ͻвַǿ鲼Ŀͷһ˫üҲšš
Զٵ, ֮ĸԾվԭء
ΪԶ, ϵѾˣɷ𾪵, ַסѾߵĸ첲Ųˤľļ
԰׺Ȼɫ, ȫֻòô, ǡʲôص±˷һ㡣
ѲɵλҲйϵ
֮⡪
ʵڲ²ΪϿеʱǰ𾪺¡
ĸ׵йأп, ҲЩ͡
ҡͷ, Ҳֻ֪ǾЩԾϺ͵֮ΣϡҲһεһεͬնȻֵͬ, , һҲǻе游ʵ̫ͨˡ
Ĳ䲻͡
һ岻, ֻµһѪ, ֻôҲֲξλ
ͬ
Сܾ¡ĵ, ʵ̫ͨˡ
ҡ
˵ƺԹȥĵҲй㺡
楳һ, ʻУ˵յһţ
ǡ
Ȼúܰ
ֻͷĳ˵֮С
ϵ˵, ôһţô˱㲻ֹһˡ
ȣʱѰѳ˱ɴǰУǲصɴ©ͷϼͣ˱ŹͷŨܵ۽ڰͶһƬ裬һʱϵı飬̧ס֣ʣҪҪͬү˵һ
̧ͷ黹ǾյĬһ˲ҡҡͷȲá
á°ɡ
ĺйأٺү˵
Ӧá
ܿеĳƣһо֮ĳ֣ûһ˾ˣһѪԵϵĸͬҪܡйأȴ֪ճźá

楺ͻ˼µʱվԵ֮Ҳһ˫ü
ĸǰȻҲƼˣڵ˴ʱʧǰȴɫ԰׵ؿ뿪ķֻδģ
ĸס

γѣգգۣתͷƼ֮üǿһЦ߰ɡ
ȴǰûʾ˷
ֻǵϳԯʱ򣬽Ųһ򣬲ûˤ
֮Ժһ̧ȥˣȴѴҴææѾ߸Žȥͷ㴫ϵظʹô򶨣Ҳͷһݲֻ̺ͺ¡

֮վڳԣһŵ˵ͷ
뿪֮û̸ϣվԭؿãŲϡ
ȻصУϲδȥгԷ֮Ҳûᣬĸױ˷ŻطԼԭش
վһŻݣĺѱҹȡоòͬ緢Щӣ˶ĸǱߡ
һǲţ͵̧ͷȥ֮㡣
вδƣֻɫк£ĸߴһ£ٴվ翴ʱ飬ȴܸоյĲͬѰ򴽴ӦһŹ뿪

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ѾӶ˳ȥֻĸַԡ
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µĺӣҿˣûϵȴֻܼѹţţţ
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ӷͣνֺ硣
Դˣгѧӵݣ볯á
Ӷһյļڣһ뺲ֱ˵ϢȴҲУׯǱҪлΪ˾֣˷Ϊء
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ţ㷱ӣ˼ҶѾ˯ˡ
ȴû⣬£춹ϥϣ̧ḧë

춹֧䣬һۣԼϥһȥ˯ˣ楸߹ȥ΢죬ȻǺ˲٣üôôࣿȴҲ֪Ҳʢȴֻ˵ȥ
Ÿ첲ָڽ̫ѨᰴţȴҡͷΪȶ˾ԵЩƣպǲ㡣
楱ûٶ˵ֻͬ˵ü䡣
ӦǣȥǰõֽǮйϹ㣬һ˱ȥԪѽڡٽ⣬״Ԫܷ֮Ҳѵûġ
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̷ǰҲƼˣѹɤ˵Сͻӡ
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Ŀãַأһɢ֪ˡ

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ֻԳֹżǺХ붫ԽЩԽƵ
楿ɴһķ羰ڳ۴αȵĸ¥ԺֹĻĲԶ羰ԽԽߣ˵ҲԽԽͳ
ڵ£ԵɱĿɫĹâͷµӳҪƽʱԳĬ
û˵ְֻ̧ͷŵԼϡ
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極ԼУš
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ҲƳĵͳ
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򱻷ţԶƽ治
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ܿȥƼһط⣬ѹɤ˵Ǳߡ
Ҳֻǰһ£ʱ⻰̻ͷطɫȴǰҪǿķء
ҹ
Ů
΢Ļ⡣
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û˵ֻǻ࿴һۣ˷ŲǴǰУýƼڷǰǸŮˣǣòҲ治ֻܼͣһֽ߲Ǯһ˵šȱŹ
紵΢㱻
æ̧ȥͷʱƳǵϱƻļӰζȻһ̱ڵϣɫ԰ǿ֮ĩ׻Щӣݾһ˲˭ǣ
Ļҡҡλμָֻ糣
Ů͸谵⿴ǰˣһŮɱ򶨵ƼеʱȻһ˳һ߲Ұˣһ߼е



175 
ѾźüûôúЪϢ, ˿Ծ񲻼ãɫ԰ףڣҲѹ, Щջ㱲˵, ҹǿۣûһӾֱʾ, , Ȼü, вڷ
ƽʱĸ, ֻѾݺź򣬲ˡ
ڽ쳤̸ɽӪ, ڼУҲȥҪڸǰαװ

ִͷ֪֮ϢĿ΢ڴѾȥ, Լһİ, ӾƼšüвסⲽͲ
֪нš
ְӷ£Űȥ, º, ݺƻһܻء
Ͽһ, üȣ˵̾Ҳ֪ݺôˡ
һ, µġּ᲻ãһԣ˵һԵĹ˰̫Ѩ, ȰҲżȲ˵λ֪֪Լݣ֪ʲôϵ
ݱ¶԰ԼĸοûУҲһòƵˡ
ڵ
ְѻһͣЦǸǲصģ˵οҲûʲôϵ
Ȼ֪˵ǶԵģУֻдһţǷŻͲӰ˲鵽ϣҽҲȥ֪дСھݣ֪Լݣ֪Ҳûʲôϵ
ǵġ
һһ޵جΣѪŮˣϵ֣ԼǴſʶú¡ŻӣԼŮصѹȥϣµʹ˰ҹҹˣ
Ǹֽʵ˼ɵֺȻ˵
Ҳ˴ʣɲ鵽˭͵ģղЪϢԵ˻ƲѣҡͷֳĬһ˲˵ȥ飬Ե޹дôһŸңض֪Щʲô
ԡ
ϣ˫Ųһϵָ߬źľ֣Ϊֶ̫ˣָǶ˸΢΢죬ҲһƬް˻ϣ
Ҳ񣬳Ӧһǡ±۾ͬ˵үϢ⴫
ôˣǵʱòҰҲûŲѡ
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Ѿǰ˷Ըǲ֮ȥȴֲس֮ƼֳˣһӾͶ֡
ְֻ˴ȥЦŹȥӭ֮㡣
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֮㿴һۣɤĸأ
Ⱦ˷纮һǰѾ˯ˡ̾Ӳ
Ϊ֮ƢԱضӦʣ뵽ֻǵƳһ۱Խǰߣһ仯÷һ£ȷӦæǰˣϵһĨЦٺ˵һȴǰ
Ǵһ򶨵ķҲ
Ʋţͷɫ԰׵ؿ֮㡭Ǹ֡ʱȴĿؿкģֻŨŨ
õһ
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ü磬յס
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ŭλ߹Ҳ޷άִǰĶׯ֮ĬؿǰλϤİĸˣָ΢գòſڣֻ֤ݡ
֤ݣ
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һʱ䣬Ҳ֪ԼǺͿˡ
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㣡
߬Ҫǰס첲
еĿܵ
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˵žҪ뿪
ôߣȥ·
ݺҪ極ʣʲôһͷһȻѹĵط
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Ҫһ̽ʱ򣬻˹ڷĹǰǶԱ·óͷķֽ
ֽ
վڻԣѪƵķֽȻ滭ʲôֻɨһۣбѾòæջĿɨһԵݺ
ոջ򶨴ݵŮ˴ʱɫҰףĿǾţĿ΢ʣʲô
ݺҧջĿ⣬Ҳ֪
㲻֪˭֪˵ûôõƢʹƽº޺ҲǿĴ󽫾֪ж٣Ľе¾͵ݺϣϸѾƿѪ˿ɷ񣬡Ȼھ㣡
ҪɱɱݺȻҲ£۾ƺƶǲҪԼ
Ȼ
ָڿ죬ϵĽûлĺ˼ôŮ³Եʱ楿ˣ㲻˵Ҳ£ͷ˷ֽȥһ֪Ǹʲôˡ
Ƥ΢ȴҧɲۣЦʱǻᴫʲôԷҿɲұ֤
˵
ָһǷֽݺϣƮƮһŷֽûʲôȴݺǱʸӶʼȴҧ˵һ䡣
ͬķ߿ƽģûվݺǰӸ°Ǹʱĺӻʲô
ǻôӣ
ôĺܼά𣿡
ոݺ⻰͵һ䣬ۣŭȴǰŮ˫Ŀ纮̶һӣݺǻŭȻȻĿҲʼó
ȴԥĻᣬ°ͣ˵


176 

Դ֮˵Ǹ֮, ǻŭ͸áˮƵģֻʣ޴룬ʱȻϣͷ, ϥϵ˫΢΢
֪˶, ɤ˿ڣҲǹ, û, ֻǺޡֻ̫ˡ
г, ͷҲ·֪ҹʲô·, ٷ֦ҶܽҲͣЪ, ط·𶼱
ֻɳɤ߶Ŷ֮ǰ¡
ʼգ֮㶼û˵ֻǳĬ˵ţֱ˵Ƕ, ƾʲôʲô, ƾʲô㸸׵İò
üɸײûжԲĵط
ǡ
ûжԲҡ
ͷ, ȴֿЦ, , ˭Ľң˵ҷԺ徻, Т˳ûЩ˵ӡ
ҪĴֹЩ
˵˵ţȻ̧ͷ, ¶ˮԼźͲʵ㸸ΪҺǱȣ֪ںܶǰҾѾϲˡ˵Ҫ̣ܡֱڳҲܺЩķޡҡĸ顣
ܸҵֻءλΡ
˵ʲô
ǾܾΪӵĿܶûУ
ҺޣҺް
ҡҷ£ϵ˫ĿŷŨĺ⣬߬ڷϵΪ̫ԳֱϱҲȻúǶȫµŮӶ飬ֻĴҵҲͰˣƾʲô¿⣡
ƾʲô
֮㿴ĸЪ˹ģ֪˵ʲô
Щ£ΪӣҲ޷Щ£ֻܼĸɤô˵ھӪôæµò׻ˣֻǵµɣҳԡٷʱ䶼ûУ
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ʲô
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ôᡭ
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ʼռǵǰ֮ʡ
˼ǵ⡪ػĴκ֮⣬ǶҪТ˳ĸף
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Щȣû̫ľȣû˵ֻתͷߵĻС
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ǰ˸ĸ֮ƣΪҹЪϢõԵʣʮƣü࣬ҲǡͦΣĮɳԶĺ
ʲô
¡´ϸϸ
ּϤܿŮдҡüЩᣬдġ
Ʋӣ֮ü
ǣӦǸѧдá𡪸ˣȻ治д֣Ȼ̧ͷ֮㣬ǰʲô֣
ǵǽˮ֡
ȥ꣬͸кˣȥ谲ǣδعȻҲͲ֪Ľ֡
Ȼ֣֮£ȷӦſڣˮִˡˡüָۣ֮΢΢սиĵͷ𣬡ôͻȻѵ
ҲµûӦúǡ
ʲô
ʹ֮ҲϢˡ¡
ȴ˲úͣսͷӢ
ű򿪣˫ֱŮ˽Ŷʮͷ¸βͷϰšĨǰûָġӢҲǱµĺӣϡǱ׼Ͷ£û뵽ҲֱǰҵǣȺ˲µԾۼ
Ҳû֮㣬ֻ楣ĮȴҲӺ¡
ȥҿ°ڲڡ
ǡӢҲûҪʲô˷Ըת뿪
ɻţ˾ͳУǰñָȥİ֣üġԼóˡ
ôͻȻˣ
Ȼ
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177 

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һ, һַأһ˫üͷʰһղһֱôͻȻ
һ, æҵķСһȥ, ҲһֱиǣҪظʱ, λСͲ, ֻкѱεŮ
һ˵ͷ, ܡ
û˵, ʹ˼ܣǴ粽, Ȼ֮οһһүǣֲķˣй˲ϵʱ
ָĥԴֲڵֽ, ûͷȥ, ֻǿŰһʵɲ
·ֲ֮ȥټɽһʵ̫, ˼Ȧµ, ֻ
˵, ҲңֻǶñϾǼҵС, ҲҹȥѰ
楳Ĭһᣬ˻ȥ
һӢӦ, ǳȥƫͷͬɫõ֮㣬ȥ
֮ǰ˼ޣʵûʲô⣬ʱΪκ͹ҵòȢΪޣҲһ𾴺͵λȴٻظʹظҲ˵оҪæ˵ͬӶ١
һˣ֮ʵڲ˽
ȴҲ֪ǰЩ£ѣݺ楣ΪΪӲϧҩĬһ˲˵һضǱ𡣡
ƾһˣǲܣǡ
΢Ǻ֮ͬһʱ˵ݡ
ǵ£֮£ΨһѰӵֻ񱻱ȥݵĽϾǰȻˮУǻĴϢض֪ġ
˵һľǰͬڵѡҲֻˡ
֮ɫ΢䣬ھȥݡ˵̧ߣȴס˵ʲô
֮û˵
֪д𰸡
ȷѾд𰸣ﻹŹغʱֵ˺üȣ³бͷԡȴûůڱѩĸо߬ޱе£ʹȥݣҲз֪
ȥ¡
Ҫ·ƾһ֮ȥݲ£ҪĻǱߣ˿š
֪֮ȱһص֪еضԴҪЮ£ʱָӲ極ʱ򣬳֤Ҳ¡
㣬ǡ
Ŀ΢֮㣬ȴЦû˵ֻǳ˵˵ͷӦһá
Ŀ֮뿪ųϵЦ⣬߬ͷһ
űƿ˽ӡ
ն꣬ոջȻһƣվʮָ΢գƽʱºÿüӰ֮С
Ȼһ״¡
УҲžʼ䣬ǴϽһƬˮżźɫϲ׼Ҫˣʱˮ䣬īˮ翪߹ȥϲУˮϣֻǵʹϲͷˮ
֪˶ãɳƵŮƺƴ𣬡ȥݣ;̽ټҵ˵ʱ۾ϲָҲȻսһЩۣĿһƬɱˡ
һһ̧ͷֻһӰȴַ·᲻ɴݡ
ͷӦǣûԥ뿪˳

ˡδ빬УڴǰŰŽҶˮ÷žܺõ̧ȥͷһƵ顣
ܺá
ѾǼŮˣֻ˻бá
ΨһϧǣܼʹˣҲϷõҩЩ걾ͲϧӣʹҩҲ˶ꡭҲãܻţ뷨ӰҲ̨
ôĺӱΨһܼδͳĻӡ
̫ˣ뷨Ҳ֮࣬ǰҲ֪ǸĸòƼʱҲǰ㹧ʹûг£ҲǻһԼ뷨ĻôȵùеӤأ
ʱеӤԻ̫嵱˭ָ˵һ䲻ǣ

ٺһЦŪŽҶĶҲԽĺ飬ʹƼϧҴææܽҲûֵֻ֣һ䣬ʲô㾪š
˵űӲ˲ʪ֣оǰ֡
ϧ̻عǿѹ¿ҵԼԼһǰͨ±¶ˣѱȥگ¡
ոİӴָ֮䣬žԭĺþ档
΢΢üҲû̫ϣֻΪϧ˵һ䣬ϧһźӡԭҲǿ޹ؽҪӣû˾ûˣԭ˵ľ棬Ƴϧǲͣѯʣк£
үǰϧͷɫѿǰ˵һ䡣
ʲô
ڱ
ϧɫҲÿֻѯʣ˻ڹүǱߣôã
ٳû˵û뵽谲Ϊ壬µĺӻţǼʹŪٶĺкãǡǶˡ
ҲֻţһӱĴҴܣոõľٴγֳࡣ
һûȥ鷳ⲽ
ǰỺĲӴʱȵĴԵøأͷ𽥱Сȴɵεδ಻˸ķ
ϧ¶˼ѯʣǸΪĹС㣬ϲū澱ùүɱˣ
ȴûд𻰣ĬڴУ˿һӲųͶϣȥݡ
ŷ廹ǵ¼ˣٴ۽ޣԸøε㣬˲йأȵûõʱֱɱˡλΪȱȵδ빬˵ɱʱȴôĮȻ
ϧ͵Ӧǡ
ҪȥȻٺס谺ʱ
ϧһһ˲Ŵ𣬡ÿһʮ壬ԥ밲
ǳһ
΢Ը
ϧæ̧Źȥյǰٸ䣬ɫ΢ȴûжԣ͵Ӧһȥ
Ŀ뿪ԭվãٿһ˵֣Ȼһķž̺ӱڵأˤ˸ķѡ
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ոջȴˣֻôһ꣬Щʪ
ȴȫܻվڹԶȰ̫ɹү֪ʱǻȥЪŰɡ
ãմڵУҲˣɹɹ̫硣һģҲЦ
㲻Ȱֻ˼ԭصš
˵û¿״Ԫȥĵ񣬻˵˫۾ǱʱһޣڴǱº͵ĺء
ľȻôһ䡣
ʹѹúᣬˣɫ΢䣬ٲǰЦ⣬ֻвеܱ˽¶ľš
ĸʱⷬҲ
ܼɳϵսģЩͷĿѣǳŵķԸȥĸĹˣסȥ˾ȥϢﴫģ
֪µԣ͵Ӧһǣת߽˹ľС
ܿﴫ˹˵ľ
Ŀź̧ͷȴƼԶ谣һ£ողŻָɫʱֱòҰ


178 

, Ǹʺ͵ĺӣ
У˶ѱ˴ȥͷĸţ˵Ļ, ĻȻսһ, æ̧ͷܣ, һ, ٿ谵ʱ, ƽ˫羲ˮü۲մȾһЩ
谶
̧, ΪŴյԵʣеĹЩ谵, ҲüӰ֮У˼ƽսʵģ
ϥϵʮָ΢գĸʣ𣿡
һ˫ɾĿע, ޷, վǵ˵ͷǰ΢۽ڿӢͶƬŨܵӰһæȥ, , ǸҲ֪Լ
谶, Ī
չùýʥ֮˵׮£Ҳδպ֪, Ը谶˵ͬᣬǸӵǹӽ, ֮׵顣
Ǹݱضǲ˳ġ
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Ҿǡ
̫ͻȻ벻ֲ
谵ͷһᣬ˵ӵĹΣӻûɣӸ˵žվԹȥ
谶
ͷҲص뿪Σ׷ȥעֻ˻ȥִڷο鿴Щƣûһᣬ˽ϣɫ΢䣬æ߼üеû°ɣ
ƣذ˰֣֮ǰɲˣ
ҡͷֵ˵ôˣʹ껻ϴһͨҲһЩ޹ؽҪˣ׳ʹʹҲһҪ飬ֻܰЩ͵˶һͨˣίʵ̫ע⡣
ĬһᣬȻڣҵȥùý
֪¹ؼæӦһҪ뿪ȴסùý̫ˣȥǸСѾͷ˵΢Ĳˡ
ǡ

յŵʱδʱ
֮㻰ַ֮ԸһȥѰټؼңֵֿƼ⸱ģģѹ˼ھ¥ֻӢȥ̽һ
ӢѾˡ
ǰ꣬楸һźɫıӣϣһ飬ӢѾˣмָ̽Ϸȥͷ̽Ѿҳһ࣬¿ǵӵΪ汻˰ˡ

Ӣ˼ҪҪȥ֪Ϸһ
Ȳáɳ˵Ҳź˪˻ûҵ˵ҲãȥЩĸ۳£еǱҲ˿ţ֮Щ
ӢǸЦģȴЩů⣬µӦġ
⻰Ҳɻ࣬ӢǣҪȻ汻ŪЩ޴롣飬һյ裬Լ棬ʣǱ߿˴Ϣ
Ӣ֪極ƢԣҲûºһڲ裬ҡͷû
Ҳû˵ʲôֻǱ˫Ŀָн˼ô֡
ҪȥݣҪǮҪ·
Ǯ
⼸϶˲٣ǲ⡣
·ȴð죬֮˶ȥűϹٸһӦ䲼·ʱеҲ˽Щ⼸찵һһֱ棬ûǰЩӾðãֻһܣҪô뿪֮׼·ȥݡ
Ҫô
кȻһͷ

ǰǻ֮ôӡУһϵˣҪԸǣ˽
뵽ܣ楻ȻۣվΪ̫죬ڵϷ̶
ӢԭںȲ裬˫ֳأüɫҲű£æѲյ£һַ̧סһʵôˣ
Ҫشͷȴ̷㣬ˣ˵Ĳˣ

Ƥһ𻰵ûʲôǴǰǸº͵ģ֪ˣԺʰһ¾ͽ̷Ӧ뿪ԽԽԶĽŲ極׳ȥ
Ӣôˣ
楴Ҵδˡ
ǡӢɫȻˣζý楻οһ䣬ǺˣֻķʽңֻǹҲˡ
ʱȣҲû˵̫࣬Ҳ﷢ʲôֻܽһ䣬ȥһȥ˰æ
ү
ףӢҲ΢΢ȥû˵Եģֻ̧ӦһҪ뿪ʱüͷһ˽
Цſοû¡
Ӣ򴽣û˵ʲôת뿪ȴǵӢߺһ̧¥

ʱУ밲֮ͻһɹˣԼͷѵ˵
ɫÿ極ѯʣҰ楣ʲôҪԸ
֪һϻۣҲûֻ֣ߵԱֺ˵£ɢǺ£Ѱͷѹסˡ
ֻǡ
˵ǰ楾Ͳ²йأ˵ƤûסһһֻϥϵһգסٵʣûҵԴͷ𣿡
ĿڣɫҲÿ˵ʱ򶨳ţв𼸷͡
ֲùùôϲ
Ҳֲüʹ£ܼˮ
ףһĿ⿴ȴ˴ɫǰֱóһЩԥң·Ǵطˡ
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මȻһ
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ᡣ
ʲô
;źָֻ򶨣ʱϵ磬º侲˵вΪ˵۾ԥ϶֮ģͬҲԥµıԣһջ
極ı̫侲Ҳ̫ᶨˣ˺һŻع
˵ĶԡҲЦˣСյķ£ҹңǶǺúӣΪЩ¾˱˴֮⡣
ףʣý֮֮ʧ𣿡
ü˼
楳Ĭһ˲˵ԥÿһʮ밲粻˵˵ƫƫڽ˵ܾЩɺˡ
ǰңδ룬侲ҲЩ̫ɺˣǹ˵谶ġ󹬣˭֪º谶Ǹأ
ü΢ȴȻһ֡
١
ĸδ빬Ļʺ
ȻϢסˣ極Ҳʶս
楲󴦵⣬ü΢ȴûҲûڣЩ£ʱû˵Щȴ˵ǰԶ谲ǣȴҲλδ빬һЩ¼
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İ֦ǡ
Щ鷳ˡ
ǲŪˣڻعˣһȦۣ΢΢ü⺢ôҲ֪һ
Цۡ
ֻε֣ȴûͬ˵ԼĲ²⣬ֻ˵£мƽϣϢϲᴫȥҷĻȥ
Ӧǡ
Ŀ뿪ϵı飬ŴԭڷϵʶֹһᣬԸȥ飬տ˰ݼʺ󡣡
һ
ԶӳŵüۣæֵͷӦǡ

ݱ֮楱Сγ˹
е極ȴû̻ȥǼڹſڣƼһϤӰ̽ˣУ


179 
кͼͬһ
һɫٷ, һѹԱУĿ۵һͦλʶǧһ۾Ƽ
Ժ׫ʵ¼, ػʵ, ʷĸ塣[ע]
ְȻ, ȴߵĽ, һնڹ, Ķͷ˾Ժѧʿֱ޵־¡
λׯԪ, Ǹĸദˣû뵽ǫѷֹ, ۲øʲôܺԹȵɣϽ棬ΪҲȣȲ˵ķж, Ҳں˵ķ顣ֻദһ, Իȴʮ⣬˵˼뷨źͷĹ۵ܺ, Ͱ뷨ȥ
ǡ
е͵Ӧһ, ҪֽűԶһϤŮ, ɫһ㶣Ʋһ̧ͷȥ
۽̸ĹԱҲ, ѭȥһ使ųбʱֵƻ裬бŹ˿ò, һֻų־һˣָ쵤ޢòҲˡ
ǰ֣˲ǸɫٷԱȥ¿״ԪУȻʶֻǲ֪Ů˭
ҲڿУĵʱŲزסľϲ͸ˣ۾һգգﻹǰǸЦԳֵģһ˼Цʣδޣ
ջĿ⣬ƫͷӦһǡ
Цļ򣬡ȥɣ˹Ⱦˡ
⡭ԥº͵Цۣһỹǵ˵ͷ˹һݣֺͬŹ˹ֱ֣ȥߵúܿ죬ʹûôƮȥĲӼŲһҪǰļûһͺһڹԱԶˣȵԣַųԯһ˫ЦĿʼտ楣΢΢楣ôˣ
ǰ˫貵Цۡ
楻ѹһյƺȻһˡ
ҲɫȥĶͷһ䣬ôʲôֺ˵ղ£ɢֵˣ㡣
Զ̫࣬ϰ߱Χˣίʵû飬߹ļԱ˵ͷ»еĸ첲߰ɣȻؼҡ
ȻӦá
̣楺ͻиһߡ
մһƷɫĹٷԲ¶ͷ̶һذɫ죬һɴñʮͨĹٷʽȴ·бķˡ
ʹ楺ҹôãҲ·𿴲ƵģʱĿⶨЩ
ֱιһƬƬ⣬ŻعƼеЦ⣬極δʲôúߵģЦֻŵһ£ϵЦǳһЩ
Ҳԡ
̧˻еļͶιѸ㶼Ƶǰڹһգͷһϳǿ˶˶ö˵Ǹ鷳˵ӣ뵽⣬üôû۸㣿
ǰгɻʱ볯Ϊ١
ûصȥҲ֪ڳǺżģ˶ׯĸ֪ƿǲмΪ飬ﰵżϡ֪ķ˶Ŭ˶²Щ˶Ĺۡ
һĹ;˳һЩɣЩ˲ٿ
пһǣЩЦ֮Ҳֻİ楻˵ˣ·ǸӣŶšЦųοû۸ңͬŶܺãѧʿҲܺãǶչңġ
ü֮䲻ȥǣְ̧ԼУʣʲôˣ
򴽣еĹ̾˿
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֮˵ǵĽ
ԳĬһᣬû˵ʲôĳ˵ͷ
楱ֿ˵ڶ£֮һ˵ǰ˽ϵġ
һ˼ҵģ
ʱ򽻸ϵӦþǹϵˡ
極˵ͷԣҲдġ
棿
΢΢ü뵽ǰҲǺȻ˵濴ŲԾȻðһȥ棬񡭡ü΢šʣô֪ģɽģ
ɽûӡҡҡͷȴû֮ǰƵĿŻУǵͷ˼ôͻ˵ʵһ£ͻ˵Ҳûʲô
ʲôߵ˶ޱذ
ǰ˵ĽʵڲãԸ֪Ҳѹ֪ô˵ʱȴзסˣ΢£ȥУôˣ
еü
۸߹Įܸһֲ׽ĸоɴʱڻе˫۾ͷĵ绹Ҫůͣͷһϼۺɫϵ֬ƿڣŻ˫·԰һеķų˵Щ£ͬ˵Ͳ˵
ôһɲǣ楾öԱһӵĺǲǲµʲôʼֻ˫º͵Ц
楱֪֪
ɾΪһ㲻֪楸Ȼ
Զûǰ죬ʱʼݣǰ˵ϣԺҪʲô˵
޾ϸδ
ȴֻǸĳЦ˵˵Ͳ˵ûһ㲻ƽͲˡ
һʱ֪˵ʲôһ־޴ɬУЩޣȴΪѹ
Ǿô䣬ôӵһӵİ⡣
С
еĲ԰οĶḧļᣬвŵܻӰǵĸ𣿡
ȻᡣҲûͷˡ
ǾͺˡЦţ楣ֻҪమģжܶû¡
˵ʱԸ˵ҲʣֻҪҵ˵ͺá
㲻ܲƽ𣿡楿üĽĳɵҪʲô¶ͬ˵׼ȴ㣬У㲻𣿡
ʲôƽģ
ʧЦ̧ȥСɽһüģɤᣬͬ˵ȷҵİΣңҲǲܡ
極üۣ֪Լǲ¶ˣеЦˣżõ飬ʣΪ룬Ҹ˻㣿
ʲô֪ȴ˼µˡ
楲֪˵ʲôֻǺȻ뱧סҲôˣڻлûзӦʱס
Ƕ
б˵ýڽڵˣԭֱͦҲϣֻܼͷЩۣȴһƺ߶ûУεرеŮˣĿУΪʲôôãʧЦһ̧֣ḧͷ˵Ϊ㡣
˵ҵİֵҶá
Ҳû楣ʲôҲ̫Ĳ𣬿볯ãԼӦģȵȢһӣͬŮеһӹͨƽ
ûʲôá
極ǰʮֻ꣬ƽûʲôȴֿ﷦ζ
ϲ
Ϊ˲ɿء
楡
˶һ֮һҲȫһ楡
ôݣ·ûʲôѵ£Ҳǿǿ󵽸˵ļܱ뱣ˡ
Ӳں˵۹⣬ʹһСҲʲôȥ֪ԭһŮҲг˼֮ⲻһĻ
öĿĻ
ȴ˵Լʲôˣһ·̷ᡢ롢ƽڽ¥һЩ緹̯ĸǰһţԸһ
ĺûôϲᶼڵ
һеĲɿأһ𣬻иû취࣬Ҳ޷ȫˡ
ƫƫǰ
һŮӶһ楡
֮ǰдûԼϲһŮˡ
֮󡪡
֪ϣͷϵֻһˡ
Ǵǰྴĭ
ĳָıʮŵ֪ԭϻ˰Ҳѧֱ̹Һޱȥһˡ
Ϊ
Բеܣηֵķ粨ֻ֪ۺʱۺεأİϲһǰûʧԲܱʲôҪ뱻˴ƽΪ˰ˣ·ӲĿףη塣
ףϧҲݲȡ
ڣ
˫ʵ˫ۣƤӡһǣͷϼޣᣬԺ˵˵𣿡


180 

á
֮, 楲ſŻУӦһ
ĻˣĻǴһЩָزˮӣǲе, ȻһЦ, ȻӣԴȵĿ, ̧ĨԼϵᡣ
ˡüĵ, ȥϵЦ, ҲûеĿοɡ
ٷ, ǱдϸԿƺͽɴʱһֻʪյ, ﻹڹаʱĶģȴǳģݵģЦ
˸ͷ, ˮ𣿡
ҡͷ, ֣˵¡ʡ
бӦһáȻ, δͷˤ, 濪ʼ˵
ǰĻ, Ѳپеܣپ֪᲻ѹ, ĻУĻԶûǰһа, ǳɻ飬Ůһƽְ׵ӣǣ̸֣һ׮һ˵ǵһ
ֻǲڡ
ڣ˵Ҫ
һ̫࣬üȵһۡ
Ҳż֣ͷӼžȻٹڼžʼտһᣬ˵ȥʱ򲻼ˣһȥݺͽ˵¡
ˣѾ˵̫Ρ
вûɻģе治ǸͨͨĹŮӣǻȴҲֻЩСڰ楿е棬·һˡûԼɻֻǽĻ˵ȥݣס
ǣһҰæ
ڳһ꣬ѲǴǰǸʲô֪ģˣοĸıִҲһȻʵսǲҲйأ
û뵽дֻƬͲµ˴ţһȴЦ
ϣ˵ͷͷȴֱ࣬ǣչкȻɢҥԣѾѹҾǹ˵ġ
˵һ׮£֮ǰʱ̵Ĺˣչүȥҹ󡣡
гһ˲Ȼ˵Ͷˡ
ʲô
Щûס
ȴǳĬһſ˵ҽڹ￴ˣźʹǰһǻӱ͵ԶԶɫ԰׵شӲԶ߹Ǻһ
ǻˣŲҲͣһ£ȴװûһҴ߿ˡ
Ǹʱ;֡
񡪡
ǲˡ
ԣɫ΢䣬ſڣȴֲ֪˵ʲô͵ԥ֪ºͻġ˵ǰаһ˵ĵʵûף֪е˼Ҳ֪Ϊˣȴ֪谻Ρ
Ψһ֪ǡ
һĻ»úúõģǷģȴ֪
ĵĺͳȫϡ
ֻͷƼ̧ḧ˸ͷǲĵӣοû£ӴƣҲֻһʱܲˡ
ͷѰʱ¡
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̾˿˵ͷ
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ʱǽһطһͨʽﳵ֦ͣҶïУͷվż¶̴̴ӣһֳ䵶ɫɵܡ
Ǹմӳˡ
Ӱ³ȥ
ԶɱйȴѲǰķʢܻûǻʱһǳպյһҼڽڳְرҲء
ܵǻ֮ڳǵĵλȴԽԽ˥΢
ʹﻹи֮ժ˾λȻŵصϸӶ˾ûͼɵ˭Ҳû뵽Ȩһ䵽ĵز
ֻʣٺδͣȥҵıǹүδ͡
δͲĸıвŸɣӹ˵һֻŻЩˣҲˣ볯Ϊ٣ɻҲΪԵʣŻĸֶһ
ҵºûʲôϵҲҪûйϵҵδͣͨϢݸλͺá
ȥݣ˼
ⳤУ楿ţҪ⣬Ҳᷳ˺ϵ˰ĸТϷˡѲǴǰǾܱĸԸˣѾûôҪˣֻҪһ뵽ǰЩôģû취ƽͺǴһ¡
ҪǣѾ楷ˡ
ԴУȦȫ֮ʱپٻʱǸ֮㻹ǻɽۡ
ҪǼеݣ
ȻҪĻ楣ǰѿŮˣҪ
Ϊˣ
Բϧһдۡ
ֽµ棬һƬް
ȻһԶǰĻҲ̱ý䱸ҲеͷԴƫȥͷһ족ϥϽյԼΪ䱸ֱͦβһЩ
ôƿˡ
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ԭûļƻ
ΪֻҪŮȥݣȥҽͺá
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һ黹治ˣ·ϹȻټ
١
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Ĭһᣬբ˵ǱУݱضҲǵˣ׼
բԻᰲš˵뿪ȴһŮȥݻкܳһʱ䣬ԸͣԿɻȥү
սբüͷδ໤ȴ̲סʣʲô˼
ûʲô˼һųһ˸΢ҵ޷˵еģҲδǷȥ·;ңԶûһŮίǣھȥ
˵꣬һ٣Цһ޷ȥǰǵᷳҡ
Ȼ¡
һõĵطȻʱȥҲǽ֪ԭһܴκĸӵĹϵԶûпǰ޼᲻ݣҲǣĸˣοǻһӡ
ⲻҪ
ΪֻҪ൱ǱѣֻЩ㣬Ǹøĸˡ
°ȣȴûʲô仯бǣǰƵһ˫۾ʱһīˮ
ɫѿȴ֪˵ʲôɳȥôֵܣȻûа취ʱ뿪ҵݣǻŮȥҽҪý֪ûñ˷ҲУպ¶ұǣ
һжŮ˺ú
һ㣬բ໤Ȼֻ֪Ǳһ۵Ůӣû뵽ǸŶ֭ŮߣҲǣе¶£ȻͨĹŮӡ
ݵسĬ
բȵͷ֣Ƴһ㺰һС㡱໤һۣҲֻҧͷ
⣬һ䡰ߡֱˤ˳
բǿµĳĿ΢뵽үǰһϵĵû˵ʲôֻԸһᣬߣ

صҡ
ӢҲѾˡ
楿ѿɫһô
Ӣµûȷҵңɳַ̫࣬˺ü·µʵڱ治ڳԶǻţȻͬһ
˵ٳٶûпڣֱֱס򴽣б¡
λֳ֣Ĭһ˲˵óԶǶˣֱȥݣǺķôˣĿľҵֻҪŽȻܹҵټ
ֻվǵĵط
šü߳ԶǣҪӲƴû취ֱɱ棬סԼҪӢԸǶȥҪǶ˻
֪ӢǴСѵϰӷԸһƴɣֱԼȥϲҲϲ
ӢȻ˼һᣬۻУףӦǡ
û˵ͷ
Ȼһ˵Ǻ޹˼ɣûа취һ½˵ǸܣôŬҲͰ׷ˡ
֪ϧҪԾ׾ȻҲҵеҪȥͶϣɽҪЮӡ
ǵĲҲǵ
ʵЩûãҪֻһ취ǿ֮ǰȰܹ֮ڣֻҪûĳ⣬ôȻͽƫͷһߵĻС
֪ʲôû˵һγĬ֡
ֻ漰Ȼν˵ԲûʲôҪһл漰ĸǸŮһѾˣʵڲϣҪ˷顣
Ƚȥɡ
еսһͬ˵¡
Ǹָ˭極Ȼֽ֪̱߬еӣɻȴֱֻοµġ
漰žܽģһʰĵزǰ׼
極Ȼ֪߬ӵڻǴżһ˫üɢ޾ƣһξôۡ
и֪סļ򣬡楡

û¡̧Ц£Լ׷ѰһͷļϣĿԣҾǾáⶫͦ˼
˵⻰ʱü֮ǳ
ԩԴʮǰһζ꣬Դһū͵ʱ⣬Ȼ˵˾ʹ˸ı䡣
ūǰں˵׮£ֵѡĹؿ
ϱǵĻ˵ǰһԺýãӭȴıѣһһΪõ塣
û۰ĸûһŮˡ
Цǣ䵽ĵزȴ㣬˵˵Ĵֻñ˾Զֻʧ˵ĿŻϡ
ʲô
ԳﲻΨһ۰ֻĸʹΪ˱õ˵ĿޣѡֻǸСһͨСŮӣĵֳһ
һ
һʼжԴͷûһжǸ˴˵ӣˮˮƫƫһҲǰļ䡣
ߵһǼӪӪһУԭƽ
ǰĸɱ棬һȴҲȷΪԵˮ֣һûʲôժָ֮
Ϊ붾ɱĸ֣ûж֣ôһҲ𣬼̶ǣк͹ȥĵ
ⶫǺЦȥȥתתѭʱ楶֪У˻ˡ
˭ˣ˭û
㲻Ҳˣֻ֪棬һ޷ƽദһ
߰ɣȻؼҡӻеļ֧ɫָֻ糣
֣еǣЦ˵һ䡰¡˲
ﻹǺǰһЦƻ磬绹аᡢʰ꣬СȥŽ֮ͥѣɰɰš
Ҳ֪ʧ٣Ҳ֪ƽĺˮ类СʯܿҪ
ǻҲֻЦŻͷδע⵽еˣϴϴ֣Էˡ

¡
뿪Ѿһ¡
С㲻һ£ʹϵٹ˼ҲǸںİΣǰǾͱ˹٣ֳȻҲ֪ˣǼʹû취ǰ۰棬ҲǿųĺӣҲǺľ˼ȥѰҡ
źϲ֣ȴ޷ʼǰˡ
ԭ³楺ͻгɻӣǸһϲϲӣΪЩȴˣ楺ͻģԭϣ̬ȼҲֻδӦ


楿԰δµϲ⣬뵽ԭվ͸ͻгɻӣЩ㱡
ӵ͸̾ǿޣΪҲΪ棬ͰǿϲκͿϧСҲ·֪ʲôôڡ
ûк˵£õΪġ
ӡ
Ӣˡ
ŻعлɢĹâ¾£תʱǴǰǸ򶨴ݵģôˣ
ʡ
ԶˡӢ˵Űеŵݸ
ԣ΢䣬ֻǲҿͷˣǸϸѯʣС𣿡Ĺ죬̧ͷüȥһɫ۵˽룬һüۺЦºȴ˲СߵĴ̫࣬Ԫ¡


181 

Ԫ²ɫؿһԵŮ
ŮͲ, ʮߡ꣬һ׶ԽƽòҲã䲻ĵһۿȥӡ̵ò, ȴԽԽ, ʹǰȵʱӸѡҲ
ɫȹڰһ˫ĵƵźɫЬͷб֧ҲͶ׹һ, ֮, Ǹͨ͸Ůӡ
ʱǲ߹ȥλĹȥ, Ϊλδ, ߹ȻҲûٲ顣
Сȴ١
ǰɼҵŮ, ܿŮ¶˼ңûԼ˼¥ĴȨһ겻ʱһľ¥ˮ, ȥڳһ¥, ˳ȥĵط
б¡
ԪôҲû뵽Ȼôס
һ·ٿҲҪһʱŮȴһ䶼ʣʹǰڹ, ҪҲһ, ֻºͺӦ, ·Ͳµʲô
ڹＸʮ꣬Ů, Ԫ¼ò࣬ΨļڹоӸλ, 뵽µ˼ǡˡ
ŮԪµ˼
һʱͬ˵ĵһ仰ԪһƫͷľͶɵġк͵־ڲԶҡʮȴССѾͷǰԪʧЦȴǸº͹ǫģͬ˵һ䣬СԺ򡣡
ףҲºͺ͵һЦüδ̧ǰߣǰͣ¡
к͵ƽհĵطʱգǰҲֻԪµĸɶϲţͻСϲ˹ѹɤһɵɫЩ԰ס
Ԫ¿һۣһûʲôҲû˵ʲôֻǸ˸䣬ȻɫȥŸմ򿪣ͷʹ˳
Ҳͬ⣡
һׯıȣһ·仯ƽüҲ˱仯һ˫ֽգƬɫĺ촽Ҳ
ҲֻǼĹ⾰ȽŲ»Ԫȥ楱ɫ糣سһףл
к͵ȥεܣׯ쳤ҲڣȻлеӰһƷɫٷɼκȴһ㶼ͻأ
ü΢šû뵽楲ܱȳ¶˸Цݣǰ˸ݼӵĴ
еĳһ̾ͣˣһڵסſݣʹǰׯ賳ҲһģʱҲֻǵףһߵԪ£ûԼڵ˼
С㣬½Ϊš
ǰµǱߵţʱҲֻһ򴽣ʵ˵ʲô
Ԫµʹüۣ⺧ͻЯʥּһϸݡ
楿ڣǰĻȴȳҿȥС߹ԱվǰֱӸϵǸˣɫƽ̬ȴ๡
ܵüɫ˫Ŀڣ治
Ҳ׼ȥׯû˵ĵطһȥҪǳ£ô죡粻ǰУһͷŭʨӡ
쳤Ȼû˵һĬɫҲÿ
̫࣬ԼýȢӾȻ뵱굤йأ֪Ϣ̻˼ңֻһѾֻ飬ȥگ£ϲԸū»ڼƻæòɿû뵽ʱԵвλگ顣
Ҳˣƫƫûȥʥּ֪ǲǴҪûввǵ׼
ô˵ڿˣʵȴ楡
ü̧ͷܣ΢գ˫Ҳ˲ָӲţɻڣ־ͱסˡ˲䣬Ͻŵһƫͷ楣΢΢ü楣ܡ
ȴûԿǣӣĿȴܣŮԸȥݡ
楣
гʮֲͬ
ȴЦǰοҲʵһȥûãҪĲֹһˡ
֪˵˭еһκһĨСδ˭ŭʹСʱ֪Լǵĺӣʹ֪ԼҲƽȥܡ
ɴʱĸ첲ճȭҲһֱߣһ˫ĿҲ·𱻽īˮÿ¡
У˵ģʲôһԡһ仰ֻлһ
΢ĬãջǴס֣˵ãһȥ
ǣ
ׯ÷䣬ȴҲ֪û취˼ɵǸС¶˵Ȼֻˣ
ҧܣʣ㲻ѻλж޾⣬ֻЩ껹αװ񡭡ȴһαװԸˡ
ܵҲûȴҲûֻǺ쳤̷Ըܸ֮棬ڼ׾䵳ۡ
仰£˽һݡ
ׯ쳤̵Ϊ֣Ǻڼ׾ڼ׾ǻʼ˽һֱڸһأܵǻ֮һ¶ڻģΪþԱʱ֮裬֪˲ࡣ
û뵽ᶯһ֧ӣ볹׽ˡ
楺ͻв֪ڼ׾ԣʱɫ΢ȻΪۡ֡
ȻҲͶɱģԣһϾĶӣȻƮƮ˵ۡĸ̧֣ͷվǰĻУܲôһ˲첲ҲֻһĹ⾰ָֻ糣ˡ
˭Ҳû˵
쳤̴Ӧܱ֮ûǣֻǿתҪߵĻ˵һ䣬¡
нŲһ٣ڿ۴極֣Цһȥҡ
楳Ĭ´˵ͷֳһȥ
ׯ쳤Ѿ뿪ˣԪ¸󣬰ŹϣټĵһѪԵȴϵĸ
δɫȴ𽥱û谵ˣļ꣬ʱ׹ͷģ˿žܡԪ¿ԵŮǺʱһԲվ£΢΢ͷͷգĬţ֪ʲô
ԪΪԭһ仰˵ʱ򣬺ȻԴһ翵ŮҪˡ
Ԫһ
ƫͷŮͷ֣ſȰȴһ׹գĬΣִڷϣǣҪˡ
ž
Ȼµкܿ;һˮ
ʱĴС
ԵüעŻС
ȴû΢Ĭվš
һ͹ʱӣδδתţͷǣָתһȦܲſڣϵ£㲻ȥͲᷢҪƽ˳죬Ҫߵ˾ֻȥȥ
㲻ȥᷢյ¡̧ͷ鶼ƽֻдһĨûص
δйбϣټĵ̧ͷֱϵǸˣɫĮҲû˴ǰеֻͬһ޵
һԸӣһ£ɴʱңңԣȴܷ·𿴵ʱԼ
Ǹʱ򡪡
ҲվڴУֱǸӹܵĸʡ
ͬĻ
ǻôشģ
ڰתǧصԥջͷ
ɾ֣Ķվɵľ룬ȴ·ɽˮץҲղסע˵ӣڳʱĳĬ󣬵һȴڵס޾ƣȥɡ
дδһֻۣһתȥ
Ųûһͣ
ĿŻͷҲص뿪ű򿪣ɫӰĹ谵Ĵ¶ϣտֻǰһ㱻ϵĹţĶӴһĨʧǰ
Ų楻Ȼͷ
ôһǴŨŨģֻ̧ʱʣıֻĵЦݡ֣߰ɡ
á
ûжʣֵݸԪµע£һͬɡУ뿪Ρ
*
صҡ
ȻҪ͵˵¡
ʵڰԪʱǾѾǲˣʲô¡˵£ƻŵһȺ˼ֱƵĿɿڴ
֮ͥȷӦɬ촽ۻУɫǲţðŸɰͰ³һ仰Իưǻӣ
楿ۻУü۴żԳӵס̧֣¶˸Цֺ͸˵ȴû˵ǲǻӣֻ磬Һͻһ͵ó
ûˡ
ĸȻĵǣҲ֪鵽һǲȥܲȥġĸͷᣬſǻ˵һ䣬ⶼЩʲô£
Īʧ٣һ²Ӱ楺СлȥǸط
ȻǸ˼ңҲ֪ա
ˣҲܣһ֮ĬһᣬȰĸȥʰ·õĶ
ĸĨ뿪ź˵ȳȥлҪС˵
楿һۻУףߣȥĸףο䣬ȴ纰ס楡
ţ楻ͷЦɫµ֮ͥ磬ôˣ
л㡣֮ͥıЩࡣ
Щؿһۣû˵ǰߣֱߵԺһӻ£绹ûпڵ˼楱㿪ѯʣҪʲô
黹١
һĸǱȻһˣӢǱҲý
ǲǺйأᣬһľɢˣҲ㶣֪û壬ǲţĿؿǰꡣ
ָ֮ͥʶŽŴӱƹӻɡ
ֲڵƤָܿͲ⣬ȴ·δ죬һһ»ţ֪ȥãŻͷɫɫ͵Ůӣۣһ飬𣿡
ûлش𣬶üôôʣ
֮ǰӢ£ݡȷϻڽ
֮ǰ˵ͻưһȥݣʵǽȥ桭楣ƽɫԽԽᣬҲԽԽƣǲǣ
ȴѾȷϡ
楼µҲû˵ͷͷᡰšһ
Ϊʲô
֮ͥĲ⡣
ʵڲףΪʲô£Ϊʲô˭Ҳ˵뿪ͶΪʲôҪ԰楣
ȴûиֻǳĬһ˵磬ЩûԭġˣΪʲôǸ߿ȴͿ
ҲɻΪʲôԼʲôûȴ޲Ҫ
Ǵӳ˾ͱһһӲ滹ܰȻ£ڣǲ棬ôעһӶ޷ƽ
ʹ۽ޣ⿴߳ĻУ֮ͥ˵˾䣬Ҳڼҵӣǵչ˺õ
С
Ĭһ˲֮ͥ˵²Ҫߵ
Ƭ촽һջ極עµ˵ͷĿߵеߣվԭأþöݡ
治ȥ⣬п楣ɫЩġ
á極ɫɣӢңֻȥĸ˵һܿͻˣ㻹ǡһ۸ڣ뵽ղ֪ºӣܿӰ̾˿ȥú¡
Ҳ뵽ǰģĬһ˲˵ͷ
Ŀ極Ŀ뿪ӣŹսԼԺӣŵƻӣ̾˿߹ȥţ洫ڣ룬š


182 

ǰʱˡ
ʧһ, Ҿһ£ӣҲͣѧҵմżĻСԼڳ½ЩȥѰټ
ϸǴһ
楹, ˶, ֪⣬С˸ҪƸ·, ȴ楾ܾ, , Լȥ
Ӣǰӹɴơ
СҲû, õһԣÿ·
ºʱ, ԺãֻΪòȥ޼űЩˣҲûʲô˼, Ӣһ·á
ҹ, СѾ߸ҪţӭһײҲ£ֻڰ׷Ĵ۾΢΢, ӦæС㣡ְѱҪϵŴ, , 
һյӳȵһҲǾ, ߹ô
楿Ĳ裬ֿһ۲Զ, ʣĸأ
׼˯أЩΪС£ϷҲ˯ãⲻұ˰衣ϸ˿ò֪ңҲʣ˽ȥ
໨֦¯ճŰ㣬ﻹõİݡ
ͷЩ׵ڴǰһȣһһͬϷ˵ŻŲֻϷ˵˲裬վЩ˯ɡ
˯ţϷ̾һճŷ飬΢˫Ŀһ˫üĿ΢΢Щƣձǰ楳׵ӣ񡭡
ԣ϶һ٣Ҫοͱһ¡
ͷͻȻֵ楣΢΢һҪҪͼ˰˸ƣû˵ȵݸˣԼŲȥ
ùӣ֮ǰĻ
Ҳ֪楽˯˯šϷ˻δ楣Ĭһ˲˵һȥӹʡڼܡ
ĸſڣȴˡ
ȻϷûӦĶͣˣۣƫͷһګګһ楣
λǡû˵꣬־ͱסˣȵĴ֪ⲻξҲͬüôʱˣ
ּۿ΢죬ǽŵֱӣô£˭۸ˣ
û۸ҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪Լô£ڵǰסԼĸһӱסˣֹסƵһµһصøࡣ
Ϸ˲֪ôˣһ޴ᣬһԼ͸Сʱ˯Ƶģıο޲ޣʲôί͸ĸ˵
ļϣ˵ίʲô
ʵ㲻ίֻǻѹʵ̫ˣµﵣ¸絣ģ»װһ򶨴ݵģ·ʲô¶ûС
ǿʯͷͰѹôˡ
Ҳˣڿĸ˵ǷʱҲղסˡ
վǰ޵ˣοҪûʱ䵢ͻУϵĨɾһֱӣĸ˵Ҫͻȥݡ
Ϸһ⻰üȥʲô
ûѽȥº˵һ⣬ҪҲ˵һ顣
Ҫж
һûк̫ӵʥּȥݡ
ڶܰ䲼λگ飬ƾӻʼұԺޡ
ˣ
Ϸ´ôҵİҶ
ңһԣָ̧ĺ󱳸˳һ渧һ˵ģѾ֮Уݸʿ䵳𡣡
һУܲУв֪
ǽǵŬҲͰ׷ˣҪǣѾܹ󵽣֮ͻлʲôˡֻЩԸͬĸ˵ǡ
Ϸʲôˣ
λʵ۵ǻҲ֤ν᲻֪ҪһǵһӵİΣѡȻѡߣǵţҲԲϣӳ¡
ǣֲѡ
極ֲԾսһÿ¡
ֻ뵽һ£üȥ⣬ôҪȥ΢΢üǰŮ΢üۣĲһô£
ղűϢͷԷ裬ڵЩˣҲˣղ©Щؼɻ
ô֪ģ
ϴ˵յһǹģѾ֪˭ˣ
һһ䣬ԽԽƤ֪ԼĸĬһ˲ǵ˵ͷ
˭ͳδεŭ
̧촽΢ţ֣档
楿ĸ΢ŵ촽ñպϣֻǻ˵ӾͱŷŭͲŮ𣬡˵ʲô
ϡ
û뵽û뵽»ᱻҲֻǾһ˲ͷҲûصؼҴĸĽûȥӦϵĻ
͵˵Ϊʮ֮
ûĸһΪĸֲ񣬼ʹ֪Ҳ̫ģҲ֪ĸֶΣʹ˵Ҳܲ鵽ˣֺαٷ
ϡ
֪Ҳã֪Ҳգûʲôϵ
վ͵óȥվͲˡһĹϷҲѾлعˣһ۱߽ӵϣֿһǰɫ楡
֣ûҲûȰֻƽƽ
á
楴΢䣬ЦɫӳԵʮģҪҴءһЦڴǰϷ˱ضҪıЦɽȴʲôû˵ֻ̧ḧ˸ͷβصشӦá
ȥɡ
極ͷͬһת
վԵϣҲк¶ıߣĺŭȫûһ˿ڣֻʢֶڡ
ĿбӣûҲû
֪ʱĸ첲סˣŮ˵ڶ𣬡˵Ϊʲô˵㾿ʲôԹҪڮ
ôһ˲䣬楷·صǰ
ҲйĻ
ΪʲôˣֻǵһСϾŭĸ첲ΪʲôҪڮ档
ǺһȥϣҲһΡ
ȥʱ򻹴ϣΣҲദʮ꣬ǹϵٲãҲ˽ΪˣõʲôأʧǿЦ
ǸʱѾСʱǸѰĸůͯˣ˵ĻʱǾ׹Ԩ
ҲǸʱ֪ԭʲôûˡ
ĻѾҲģһ㲨ûУǰ̧סϵһָȻ赭дһ䣬ⲻǸʷ𣿡
ʲô
һ£ûס
ʵ񶾵Ļ˵ǰʵ٣ɿ⸱ҡҡ׹·ʱˤģ´վʲôû˵
·ϵ壬һԲֱ̧ȥ
楣վס
ȥ׷Ϸ˵ŭ⣬ˣô֪Լȥ
ڣصȥ
Ųճԭأֻ뿪뿪ߣ֪Ϊʲô㱾κϤֻź¡
µģһϤУǡ
Ȼ極Ļ
˵ģһĻʹ棬ʮ꣬ʲôˣĻƭǡ˵ǡô죿
ʮ»̥ŮòһϤ۰ϵŮպô

߳ӣ極̾ͳǺòױѹȥĸֻˣ˷·һϣȥҲ
ӢͲԴǣ㣬еǧȴ֪οڡ
ֱߵ⿴һϤӰ˿
ҲˣеĽŲȻͣɫĻУһʵôˣڼأôˣ
һ࣬Ҳ÷
ǣ֣£ԼУȻһһش𣬡˯ţؼңһûʲô󰭣ҳʱѾ˯ˡ
ŷġ
λǣȥһѸֵһʧֻһЩƣͲ֪Ϊδڵѹ
ԣбǣסӡ
ôˣͷ
᲻㱳һᣬòãͷ
ǰһɵɫӳ··һ㣬һҲżδֹĴ·һ̾ͻ֧顣
ҲֻһᣬҡҡͷˣǻȥɡҲֻôһ˵ʵ򣬿ü֮ƣͺˡ
ӣıˡ
ɻַԯ˾ɿ֣ǰʱһɫԲ쳤ۣͷҲδȫ𣬲һḧĳƫͷЦķǶĳݣؼҡ
Ҳ֪ôĻֻ𣬡ô·㱳һȥȴҲûƴǣſϣ
ܱñáЦű
ںӢһƥǣһƥڻеļϣֻǰδеƽ
С
ţ
鶼Ǿͳɻ顣һֻצСèƵģĲ˲䣬ӡ
ŲȻһ٣ͣ楡ЩΡ
һôˣ
ƫͷŴ˵̾ɻ顣
£Լ˵Ļ
ʵֻڰ˵˳ԼҲЩȣʵǺϲС˼ҵСνһᣬʱ뿪Լĺȴͬ
Ƥֻţܶ
楼ʹͻгɻ飬ڴ֮ǰҲδ£ҲӣԼչ˲һСûӵͯǱĬϵԴԼǰȥԴĺӡ

ҲţԸо
ա
֮˰ɡ
ҪһҪӵһеĺӣپ£Ϊлߣһжá
極ıЩ
ȴû˵ֻǿϵκѵһĳĬᳶգüЦӯӯ˵Ŷ
еȻ֪У˭Ļ
۾ֱֱſЦĵŮߴ٣㱳һؼңҪ˯ֻһЦԹӦһá
һ߳ӣѾû˵Ĵ֡
ߵò졣
Ѿſļ˯ˡ
ǰѹɤ˵ӣɣһ·ء
ƫͷ楣񾲵˯գɫӳǣ䣬Сһ£˱øΣ˵á
ͷҲصرİǰȥ


183 
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к̤ȥݵ·
һ챾Ѽ֤³׵, ȴ˵ע£뿪˳ó￴վңǵ, ûԶ, ܹؿϵĵǺ̡
֪ǲģҲ, ȴЦų, ·ԼֻǺͻгȥһ, ܿͻ
ȵ, ӰԽԽСջ, λ³ڵסͷĹ⾰
пµڣü΢סļ˵, ˯һɡ
΢΢ס
ҹһҹδ˯, £˯ţΨһҵǳĲһж, и, ¥а, ʹʲô£ĸׯҲտš
л, ȻɲŵĻ࣬Żеĸ첲, ͷϣһһλ˯ˡ

ʱǰ
֮ͥԽԽԶɣգԥ֮͵ػͷĸ
û˵꣬ͽӹȥɡ
֮ͥһ㶣ûӦĸĨ˵֪סҹѾҸʰ˰Ҫã̷ͱһ˳
ǡ
ѲǲȥͲȥˣû˵ʲôƢҺ֪ˣܹλԾ֪Ҫ˵һ
ȥɡ
̶һԶûϵɫ۱紵𣬷죬գȴ·һյɱģúСƽƽ
֣֮ͥ߬ɤӦһá
˵ֻǴ̷нӹ̷ƷǣƥæǰӹǰһȺˣƬ촽һһϣʲôû˵̷ֻύһ䣬ͷչˡ
̷ȦҲЩ죬֪һҹû˯ǵ楣⻰̴ģһúչ˲ĸġ
֮ͥģ㲻ٵ飬ֻһ۱㷭
ӺܿûӰĬţƲ˲ƫͷߵ˵ȥɣҲһû˯ãȥ
ô˯šĸۣӣ·;ңԶΣգôŵģ
Ҳģ׻һ֮Ӳˣ͵ñʳңʹٷĲҲܱ¶øǵķǡ
ңԶֳֵҪǣǶ֮һƽƽ
ĸ̧еļᶨһǵͷ

֮ͥӣûȥ׷楺ͻУֱȥ
ǰ֮һɫʮ֣֮ͥûжʣ·֪һ㣬ֻ˵˾䣬߰ɡ
뿪
Ʈɢڰ֮УʮȺʻȥ
*
Ѿ˳ǡ
楻δ۾һѹ͵Ӹһоͷˣˣ
š
ԵɵۣԾɿļ򲻿ˣ
˵ѵʮͤˣҲûж˵ʲôֹֻģֱʣôˣ˯ѣЩơ
һ楣ȥУЩس
л£ȳ£極һյ裬˵˸ںͷ
üͷһȻƼһԶš
֪ϲϣҲһ·Σգϸǳ£ʣҪȥ𣿡
楿òˤӣɤģá
ȥѰŮģο·ֲǿģȥȥǺθɡﷳƣӹ˵һ䣬Զ㣬ǵļƻ
ָ̧˸ͷû˵ʲôֻӦˡá
ûһӦ˷ԸȥͷˣֹһᣬԶԶŵԶ˺üɡ

ݵľ룬ͣϳĻֻʮա
ϢôٲŴΪһ·زز¶棬ַ˺üԻǵߡǷȥ·Ȼûôֻͣ·վʱϢ˻׼Եġ
ѮݵʱѮ
·ϵķ羰ҲǱֱ䣬ԽҲͱԽԽԭǴӳ·ϻܿٻľɵݣĿֻ֮ޱ߼ʵĻɳԼɵһɳ𣬸ڻĮûһ˿
ҲԽԽ֣ҪϰӲǰУȵĺ޲ݽˮ
ʱֵһ֮ȵʱ·ʱɴֻ¶һ˫͸۾⿴ȥݾڲԶףɳҲܴ;һ˳ӭȴϷ³ִֵؿŲԶĳš
ʹһξ룬·ѾܿվǶʿ
ܻԲᱻƴֻ½˳ǣһ˾ͻᱻѺ𣿡ߴе
楻ͷ۾¡
ûԼе⣬ǰΪһΣж£ʱԽԽмкѣлУû£ô
ΪߣһݺҲûôǿˡ
³סе֣ɴµϸһĵЦݣ֪ǲµġ
ǻһ·Ĳãǽ֮ˣģΨһҪģǾʱ
ְ̧Լȵ촽ĶͷĶ˵£Ҳµġ
еЩǾôһɢˡ
һҲֱ̧ס
ܿ졣
ͣ
ʱǰ㣬սţǾͱһȺʿѺſڳЩſ׵Ľʿ֮ûˣ߻дʥּŻȶǵòͷһֺһ֣ߣ
ӢЩʿ첲뷴楺ͻһۣǳĬؽ彣Щʿ뿪
楺ͻеûб
׻˼Żеݣ̫֣ȴҲ۾
ǰʱ極ľͱûֱֱסŵϵĵ㣬޹һĲŰƽ뵽ʲôͷһ۾ţʲô
ȴ·֪ڵʲôѹɤο֮ǰڼеʱ˴û
ҡ
⣬촽һһϣʲôû˵
˱۾Ҳ֪ֻƾź˶ãԼĪӺǱ˴ҷһ£ˤмʱַ̧סվȡ
û°ɡ
û¡ҡҡͷԸʱ֦ڡ
ҷǵĽʿҪͼһ߿˹˴һͨɫٷ䵽ĵزҲͦΣĮеһ۾ȻźڲڵסһòȴҲܿʮֿ
ֻǴʱλһŴɫı·ܿһ㿴
εĿĵ棬ȵʱ֣ʿȴüһӽŵֱܵţԾȥ
ȷӦ̱ɫǲԼȻŵɸղŵη廹ǻ֮£ֻǿиɰŭȥ
ȴʵڲˡ
߰ɡûὫʿ極ķס֣ǣȥ
ʿ󣬵ſЦһһŮһ·ȥһ¶ûҪƼ̽ĽŲΪǲûá
ֻܼ޸ں棬ûסѹɤ˵˾䣬аš
һᣬ˰Ƿֿˡ
ȥɣ¡֣ο
һżǰߣԭأŻеĽʿΪ᲻ᷴû뵽ʲôûֻǿǸŮ뿪ķ򣬵Ųˣ˾͵ü˸Լ䣬ʹˣҲɷ·ԼҺԺ֮ͥŲһ㣬ط·


184 
Σ
һլ, ԾױŮͷҲصѯʡ
Ժһòʱ, ӻʮֻ谵, ͭﵹӳӰҲͱʮģ
˽ˣûƼˡŮӹ, ȴˡ
Լܵ, ·ƽ᷺ĺˮ, Թױ, ֹһᣬ, үأ
鷿
šеᣬ۾еԼվһɫ, ˫߹ճƼʹ谵ĹҲԵʮֹء
ǰӽġ
䱦ū, ֪˶˵ۡ
ȴĿбӣ·ûһ㣬ȥ, һݵүȵϴǰ, ֮, Խܣڼʱ, Ҳûúöο
Щöʵǿˡ
ԼȥżʱֹŮ档
Ůԥ, 뵽ƢԻǹӦˡǡĿһ뿪ߡ
ԺūͼҲ׷ͣĻʰƷˡ
ȴԾĿбӣûһ㡣
ߺЩūͱλƷȥ鷿үġ
˵Ҳ֣λƷҲ֪ðģǰȻڽȻ͵үĳ裬˶ΪλƷ˻ͺԺһ輸ͱ׵һߣ뵽񶼳˰»û˥֮࣬ʲôöͣƽպ˹ȥ鷿Ҳδ
˶ðʽȥλƷ˼ʹպ󵱲Ҳܵ
ﵹͦмλƷ˵ġ
ǰûֵʱ򣬽ҪɱˣŪĻ̻̣ÿնĵʲôûԴλƷ˳ֺ󣬽ƢǡҲ˵ϺãЩ졣
ʱһЦֹʱʱţҲ࣬ɱҲԽԽˡ
Ǿϣλӵܸõ㣬ǵӲܺùЩ

ʱ鷿
һ»סڷⲽԶԶԼ˽ӭȥŵôһʥּȻֽӹһϸһͷӡǣȷ̴֮ЦãããҲ
ʥּ˽أ
˽æѾķԸǶڵˡ
ͷԸһ䣬Ūˣǻá˵ֿʥּһ䣬ҵû뵽ǸʾǸ֣ΪһȥŮ˺ͲżĶӾȻһҴ۽硣
СûܵĸҲһǰһֱΪܾһˡ
Ҳûʲôֵģӵµľĸֻû뵽ԭܲûи飬ֻǲϲ֮İˡ
ûʲôġ
ĸ֮ԣһgûʲôá
෴Ҫлһ˵ĳ֣ҪȻôлǸλãղ̫ӵگ飬ֻųǱߴλϢͿԴ»ص
뵽⣬ĸһȡ
·ݸ⻹мţ˽˼ҪҪֱӽǣ
˸ŲҪû˸ҷġһ䣬ûһ£תߵ鰸ǰʥּطŽһĵؼ˵ϰˣʲôˣݵĴУξ壿
˽û˵ʲô
˷Ը£յͷͿһŮ˳
ò֫ϸ·磬һ˫۾ȴŨīűЩ𺣬ֻǽ³裬˽Ϊĸȴ֪ƴŮ
ˡʰ
΢΢ףδֱ鷿ȥ
˽ȥӰ뵽үǰףüս彣뵽ԽӣӦòڱŮתȥ
鷿ֻӰֵؿţĽŲüͷƼ棬ϵ𺵹Ц˵ˡ
˵Űк·ŻصϷźãʱʲô
ȻƼĶüһݺһ㣬Ϊأϲ³ɡ
һ⻰ЦȻøΪ⣬֣˹ֱӰУЦһҪϢҲ޷ߵһȱ֮󣬱ض㡣
Ϲ˳ı飬ȴΪ⡣֪˵ĻţʱĳŵŵԲ޴󰭣Ҫġ˵Ѿؽˣ
ԣ˵һ١
Ȼ֪ҪʲôϢͶʹҪʲôǸʱ򣬰Ůǰǳ;ķ˪һ˫۾ȴþˣڻ谵ͷֱӣҪһ˵
񡪡
˹ţЦº֪ͣŮкޣ棬Ůڶһãȥԣøúš
Ժ˳ȱǸλãôԣȴС
ˣ
Ҷɶúÿ
ãòȴʮֲ˳߶ɣһ޵ĵֻۣǲͬеҲͬ谵ʽЩаģ۶ʮֻˡ
ǰڳʱһЦøҹŮԼıԣɱѪһаԱֻ˾úˡ
Ҳˡ
ʹܳ裬ԺЩŮȴһҶ˵
ʱⷬ˵Ц棬ºͣҲ·˼棬֪λƢԣ¶һ˿ᱻʱָǡ
ûҪô׵
򵥣һһ籣һӶþ͸͸ģô楾ˣ˼
˳һһ㶼ûзԵ˼
⣬ɿ֣ʮִ󷽵˵ˣȥȥ˵̧°͵Цһ䣬ձ£ûʱ㣬Ȼ˳ٺú㡣
ʱ¶Ӧǡ
߳鷿ûһԿţȴһֻ뵽ĴЩֱĿǡ
ûѡʱȥֻǽǱ߷Ը䡣
ȵհŮȥεֻδΣ·ϿһϤӰ˴ŴǰһӺݻϴʱȴǲɣײײ·ϣʱʱǰקһ
ÿÿԼҵ˲ԣϵıԽԽ䣬۾ҲԽԽ졣
ˣôˣŮҪ裬Ȼ߬µ죬ָˣҲһƬѹסŭһչ£δλƷʱ˳Ŀ⿴ȥŮҲһ˵Ӱ΢΢üŲʿʶ𣿡
ʶ
ջĿ⣬һûȥϣߣ
Ȼҷԣæͬͷĳ˵һ̣ͷŵķ巢죬˫Ŀһ˫ּ߬µ죬Ժȴ໭档
صʱϵĹ۰
ʹ֪ƭݺ楣Ҳѡվߡ
Ǹѩ죬һײײǰ楿ͷ
һַų赻Ȼۣҧͣ


185 

ʲôϸձ˰вƵĴջ᷿ͼվŵİŮת, ϤԭĶͣ£Ҳסֻǻ, һ, ˭׼ģ
˳Ůʱ˫Ŀð, ŵ, Ҳðܺݺһ
ۼһز, ҧŭ, ȥ
ǣǣ
ɫ԰, ĸҾôҴӦһ͵ײײȥصذŶغãס˶׿˹, ̴̳ǰ, Լͷ׼˿
ȴúܿ졣
桭ڳˣȻһŵģ, ŶŮ, ŴǰŮ, һʱЩϡ
ʣôˣ
濴е, ɱĿȭ
Ҳʹͷһݺ楱Ϸ֣Ǹʱվǰ, ֱ۸߸̧Ȼû£Ҳ˵ĻϻǱĿŪûгͷӱ˰Щõ極ϡ
¶ݺϷ˱֪
ǴҲûסۺݺݴһƣͬ˵仰
񡪡
˵ʲôоһĴʹ֮±ʣľĮȻҲֻǱĿһۣԴؿϣʣұʲô𣿡
Ǻұ𣡡
ŭͫ΢ҲЩ̻̿ӵĻȻסûټ˵ֻʵôģ
ڼǰ͹رճţ׼˽Խʵ벻ͨôġ
һʧģַˣˣùôģڸҺúôջûҵķԸ׼
˵ţֱ̧ȥߵߣδžͱס˸첲
ҪȥʲôҪȥҰ楶Բԣ֪ʲôطǲǣѹˣץĸ첲ʵ棬ΪʲôͰ極ʲôԹ
ǲߥдģð楹ǲҲ⣿
СϵĿ渾˴ķϣ¾ʹͫ΢ץŸ첲Ҳʶֶ˼Ҳ˻˼֣ͷô£˭һˣ𣿡
ǽӶ汾ѹŵŭ𳹵ѹȥ
楣
楣
춼楣ʲô
ϵĸ첲ۼˤڵأŲʶǱһ뵽ʲô˻ڰյҲŲ󣬿ŵڵɫ԰׵ϣĿ⸴ӣȴģһ黯ĺҺúô⣬¡
˵ꡣ
Ҫץȹھ;ֱųȥ
ܾʹͷת񣬡ˡ
⿴ȥϤ촽ûлͷֳֻһ䣬İΣ
˵űδͣһ̴¥ȥˡ
棡
ſڣֻͷҲ뿪Ӱʹʮ۳Ͷ٣ðսǣ֧˵ȥ׷ˣ
ڰܼķԸæ
չˣһ¾סܵĸ첲ʵҪȥǲҪȥ楣
֪ʲô楲極ģ֪Ҳ˵ֻǾְοЩӾͺס⣬Ҫʲôܺū˵
ס
治֪Ϊʲôֲ֪٣ҪղŵǸ̬Ҫ԰楲Ҫ⣬һҪ£
飬ܲǰȥĿ΢Ȼϵķ׼ԼĲ
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189 
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