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ѾʳǵһմãǽӳѩƵӻѾͳ˧ʦ֮׽ûӵܣնݳ
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Ȼ
ֱһ̣ŻȻѣԭ˜Ҳ㲻ʲôҪˡ
νĽ˵һԸ顣

׵ӻƮѪȾӳ˜벻ͨųСһˣôء
̴ӣûп𣿡
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2.׷޻᳡
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2488 ǰղ7168 ӪҺ1470 »֣97,818,704

1.     õʦ

ֵͣĪ⣬ʱͷգûһʱͿʼ磬ϸ˿˿Ҳ¡ѧķӸɰͰ͵ؽΣŴ紺ϿʳɣҶʹѧŮǻ˯᲻һ

һƺ͸ӣޱһ飬˴룬Ťͷ򴰻ŵݺһȵģƲƲ죬Դ

ݺĿһۣʲôĬĬˡ

ǰӻ׵طӣǰ̫ѧרŽ̵ҲλĴѧʿֻʮǰͷ̫һЩ˻ϼҡΪѧãͱ˷ӡȻǰ̵Ķǡսߡ󴫡ӡľ䣬ʲôѵŮ롷һ֦ҶܴԽԽơޱؽԼΣ޾ɵѾ̶ˮ

ǣλƺҪ˻Щ˶ΪƵĵõİο

ڴߵݺ֪ԼѾطӡɽסС꣬ɽɽ鷳ʱ䶼ǰ˯ҶƣҲû¿ʦ˜ɽ¾˵λʦ־£߶š
ֻǺԺ￪ʼҩĿɬҩζŵͷΣͲϲԺˣɽժժ׷ӣһСĴϹȥȽšڸڿ޵̫ң˜˸˼ʱ⡣
Щֲ˼ȥ鷳ˣֻӲͷƤģطӽļƪ䣬ó˜ĵ伮Ϊôһ⾳طӽεʱȤ



˷ſεʱ䣬طɨһµѧɢΣȥҽϸϰ¼顣

ɢɢӦˣط̾ߡݺʰαͱޱסˡ˿˵Һٰûɡأ

ͷûвͽɡóޱ

ٰ΢ԥʵŹŮӣ
ޱߣ͵ʲôǸϽ߰ɣҪ¡

ޱתݺֻɵĻ˿ǶĿ΢΢һ٣̾˿
ǰȥ̫̽Ļ䣬תͷͱޱҪˡ

Ȼе㲻ԸģҪǾܾ˿ܻ鷳ֻû뵽ôͱˡ

ݺҲеССƣⱻ紵Ʈϸ꣬ŵһҲͣˣûͣĻͻԺɡİɡֻǶһҲûʲôҪ

Ȼûȶãͼһ۷طӣлһҲһ£ʵλ

ݺǴɡˣڵŮҡ

طӶӡ󲻴˵ﻹ౸һɡȥðɡ
ݺл󣬶࿴еۣطӵĿˣ󷽵ⶼҵĲ飬뿴ɡ

лӡʵֻǺؿۣû뿴˼ȻĿοǶԲԺʹ˵ܾĻֻߡ

طӿѡɫЩŹ֣ݺΪҪ˵ʲôֻǻӻ֣ˣȥɡ


ݺסڽΪƫԶϴȻĵҸûʣҲ£Ժ̫Զֻ·ƫ·ĹҲ١
ݺ˺һܶġ֪˶ãɳɳԼ΢èС
죬ĽԵмֿ

Ĵ˺һҵèԴ
һֻưСèԼֻôʪǽͷպԺĻ֦̽˳ŽصһƬסССһ

Χûĸèڣůã꣬èͦȥ
ݺҲûô˼ȥСè̫ˣűߣèҲɵһ㣬ֻҲҵؽУҲһ¡

ûһźӵ·ݺסǡ

һ˻һ£ûϳһλҪͬ¹񣬲ȹ£ݺˣֻèǰҰɡ

߲ûҪ˼ЦŹūŸԹϣҵʱ䣬ҰèҲ֪ǷɾԹĶֵ𡣡

ݺƺ˵еҲûжΪѣӻˣԼ취è

Զˣһλûϳ˵ģԼͬ飺λŹƢҲãС㶼ѣҲûŭ
شϲδй˼ԱģʲôöŭģǿԹ£ҵ𣿡

ҽ¶һδء

Ҳûʲôýģĸʥϻδǻʱ븮輧ԼĪ߰ǰλͻȻʧķ裬ڹݻԼˣ»úܣʥϾ͸ˡûãְλŹָĹ⾰Ҳ첡ȥˡ˵࣬Եɫȴ˼ָп
ãȥ˻ӳиһ㣬˵ǾŹͰ˻壬Ҫʱͳɽס˺ЩӲŽӻ

֪ԭλòÿãϧˡ

ԼòŮȻҲѹɤҪòŹһȵĺá

ǾŹзţ

ûУһݺ֣ݺġݺ̹Ȼ̸䣬һλ֣Ҳ̲סüֹȡ֣ʰɡ
ʥ϶λǼ䲻ĵģ䶼׸Ůȡ֡

úһֲȤȸ˵Щֲʲôݺݺһ˼Ԣʵǲá

˵ءţǰˣվһߣùС
ӳһֽɡ˪׵ڻ֮УһĨδڵıѩϲδжװΣϵװ͸Źһõӡ

ִɡֲ԰ȴԵ̬λŵҹӡ

̧ۣһɡ˵ò̧ױһ˫ۣŹֵ죬º͵Ĵգȴĺ⡣̲סһ̾͵ͷٿ

ִɡֻһƳŲȴûͣ٣ֱ߹۽ǵƹ߷ŹŲ΢΢ڶ羲ĺˡ

Զˣ߲ųһȿڣͬ鿪ڵλɾÿÿֻû˵ھͲףˣƵġ
Ƥң˼˾ͻᱻϣλԶɽϵľӨ˪ѩѣҲǵ˼

ͬ飺ղ˭ûڹ

˵εʦݾӦλûˡϲҲƽλʦڹסӦӺˡҡҡͷ𷽲˫۾ĵ̲ס顣ǿ߰ɣ˹Ķ



է𣬻֦죬Ӣͷס
ݺĶȹ紵΢΢ԶԶžǽһǿĻ

ɡŵһߣŬڽȥǽϵСèԵмֱ׾κʵڲߣǿǽͷè۶һôľԼʼйˡ

ݺһֳɡͬʱҪñȥס飬һֻŬȥǽϵèæҵĺèëɡһ֡
̾˿ȥΪ̫רעҲûвĽŲֻͷӰƮ˿˿ߺȻϡ

δ̧ͷȿ˪׵۽ǣʱ䣬ƺȥˣ֮ȵģ

ݺ˜ɡݸԼߵǽߣɽǽͷëһèȡ¡
ɡƵ£գգۣʵǸûǵʦ

⡣˜ƮƮһŽĿϣü΢΢һ壬ȴʲôҲû˵

ݺ໨èЦӯӯҿ

ЦձǳǳľѣͷϵĺСβΡΡҡΣкͣķϡ

һɽ¼Ҳ⸱װ磬ֻǵʱҪнЩ
ԼȻװǵ˜Ŀ΢΢һ٣漴ƿۡ

ɽһ𣬶δ

ɽµʱáݺ˵㽲طȤ콲ĿҶˡ

𡣡Ӧһ

Ȼˣǿһ飬Ƶĵ˵õʦ

˜Цһĵˡ




2.  ײ   ˶Ǳڽŵס


ϴڣһˮҪȥԺͼɡĹػˣֻɡȴǳʱõǰѡ֪Ƿʲôޱȥˡ
ͣסŲ˸ݺѾߵǰ۽üҶϲãƺʲô¡ʣݺ˵˳

ҽʦˡᵽ˜ů⡣ԭڹѧڻ֣Ҿʱʱܼˡ

ǵ˜ɽݺһȥģҲദһӣݺڹûʲô飬һ굽ͷʥһΣԴŲѧòֺÿ˜׽
ʦ˵ʲôʱݺ׽̫˜ദ£̬ȴһ಻ײ衣

ҵĿҵϰȻϿɾͶˡݺһᵽ˜ϾͶ˼Ц⣬˾ʵе㲻û˵Ƴźһë޺ûĶҰè

ݺãè޵ߣ·ϼ񵽵ģڲҰèˣ̿ů˸ϴɾҲá

ϴشƫƧˣҲ࣬Ųˡݺܳ裬ûʲôǰ;ǰҲֺĳĹ澿µĶЩûʲôϽģһŰֶգʱ乻˾ͳȥĹ澡ݺҲźˣʲôҪ󣬸ʲôҪʲôʱ˶ɢ

èˮͲ֣Ҷڵæҡ
澰סèȲůӵݺʵͻȻҪèˣ

Ҳûʲôԭ򣬾ǿеÿܻᶳҲһڳԵģӦҲ鷳Űɡݺ²յʼطӸ顣
طԼĲ飬һλʣݻɬѶעдԼļ⣬էһעдֶҡ

۴⽥ͣС꣬ݺԹڹ磬ˣ

ݺͷҲ̧˵Ҳϲȥˣû׼ԹҪû

ºαԷƱĻҲ̲סüϴ˲ཻܵٺﰵ˿ۡʮܸѧΪԼ롣

ݺ̷õĹ澣Ǵǰɸˣ˱Ҳ׽ݺʱ򻹻ᱻѵ⣬˵ЩݺҲǲ˼
һ͵˳ͣΪˣദΪ㣬ϴҲ㰲֣һߣݺ㳹׵ǹһˣʱ̫๬澶ѹͷˡοǰλ½ֻΪó裬ͱڽﲻˣڲȥʸɽ幫Ļµǲǿ޶ûضˡ

ݺ飬̬ܵȿð

¾͸ı˲ڽŵ𣿡û˵ֿ꣬ʼԼǲ̫ˡ
žͿݺ˸Ƿ벻ŲŲӡ

ϵ˴ǱڽŵףһⲻҪߴ˲šҼȻٻܶ˵Ľš˵̧꣬ۿĴ˿ġͣˡ



ܻŹŨ̳Ĵľʱž׹Զӵĺ
ĿǻҽƵһƬֻлһӰ̹ȻƽվڵڣϵĹӰŻԾӡ

ӦǼˣѰ𰸣룬ˡŻҲں˵ˣúת׵Ůţÿһ֦÷ɣԵľˣϲ÷

ĸȥĶݺҪϣȴѾ档
ȻǰŨ̻ŹһΪӰճʱһɢ

ˡ

ݺŴʣؿһƣֻձһƬȥָʪ⡣

εĸˡ

ĸԼݻѹȥ꣬һٹվļɳ
ݺ͸һ΢ĳ⡣ôҲ˯ˣȥ˱衣Ĳˮ¶ǣûѹסЩԺеĻԾɲϷš

Ҳ֪ԼΪμЩĸ˵Щ׵ĻȻȻӰֱǻɢȥʡ
ǸǸʡ

ݺģĸԴʴδ¶һ˿⣬Ҳʲô裬ﱧóЩӣҪôŹǽ
ᵽһҪڼǹҡ
ǸӦǺ˰ɣȻĸΪʲôᵽ޵ôѹ

һͻȻèдݺ˼ű߲ӵèࡣôҲˣ
èﹰ˹ֽƺǶӦ

΢̺ĹҲˡ
޵ѾݺϰΪˮϴױʱʶױȥ֧˿Ƕ֧ޱҪȥ£򴽡

ݺͭпı飬οѣġ

ǵĸ

ݺȰ˼ˣ˻ѹ

̾˿Щ䲻ŭ䲻˼ʱԼǸûûεˣʲô¶һοԼдǣʮÿ˶ơӵĶ˵ʲôô졣

ƺ͸࣬ԺвľǰݺޱҲϲҷֻۣȥ۶Ƶѣоϸİƣȹ׵滨

ݺͷףƸĵ鶯ҪǣǶ˵׳ɫϾ˺ͬɫ·ҪжԱһҪĸС۶˿ɾѰˡǰޱΪ߹ͬɫ·ͥϱǸƶԷ󻹲
ɼ⹬ʲô·ҪСġ

Ȼ׼ȥȥӵ磬ҲȫȻ֪ѣǰĺͱˣֻ⻨ʵۡʵڶ࣬ҪǰϴܻҲҲֻԹٳһÿӵҪٰ죬Ҳû˸Ҳ

ݲݵţݺ硣
볡ƴҲˣԹǼǹҵʿ˵ͻ£˷Եòʶ̧١

ݺ˵˼ףʣӲҪȻعҲáԹ͵ɫ࣬͵صͷ˵ϴĹˣܺͱ˵Ҳ֪ôźģ

л⣬ʵԹˡΪܳҲҵ¡

ԹЦӯӯģ֪ˣˣǾͺúЪϢɡ

ݺ뿪ӭײӺݣױλء
ϴֺã˵ʲô
ݺҲûлɫֻǶ΢΢һףǴкתĶ񻨰ƵĵţͷϵĽҡҲॵײ
ԼҪϺܶ࣬ͣסŲɫݺҪȥδ

Ⱦ˷纮Ȼع

㣬ĥʲô
Ҫ˵ʲôֻһ߳ȥ׷أһ䡣ʧˣҵȥ㡣

ݺδ뿪ϾҲвɫ磬ҪȥԪ̫Լ³ķ𾭣ȥ԰÷ˡ



Ԫ̫һƢܲˣ˵ʱͰӲΨһñȥʮ꣬ڹҲǹģҲøΪŹ֡ŷȴʮֱ꣬̽ĺҲֲ飬ľ仰˱ᰤһʹϳţԸӽĺҲ̫ࡣݺѵ˲ٴΣʤҿܺãͱԪ̫ԸһǴ꣬˭֪Ԫ̫̬ȻûܺõĶȥ

ݺһͷ𾭣Ԫ̫ԺﶺŪԼĹƲһۡݺҪˣȴˡܵ
֮⣬û۶ô

ݺ̫Ƕ岻ʣԹȻعЪϢ

Ԫ̫ǽ˼һЦһƲͷȥ
ϵĹ֣·˪߹ĺۼʱĥȴδ

ݺԪ̫ۣ׼ˣˣŹءȥɡ
ָһĻ

л̫



Ө׵¹շ£԰ĻľҲһԣ֦ҶڼɽͶԼӰӣһӰӱΡΡĻζ
Ҷ涣˵ĵ

˶ȥͣ԰ƫƧ˿أԵ塣

ޱԼةĵѦ档

ԹѦ׽ʶ÷֮꣬ѦӵİѦҼҹϿ˽ֻ͵͵
ȻãѦ仹ûе˵ּžӰҡҷͬӰҲʼ׼뿪

һɽʱȻһЩO@죬ΪǷ춯ȻӽˣҲԽԣĴϢ
ޱһ£Ӧڷȣа󵨵Ĺ˲֪߳ܡ

ȻвҲȥܣϾʱ͵͵ҲʮֹŹ֡
̧ҪߣڼɽδŮΪ鶯Щ

¡ҡ

ޱΪԼˣסһһޱȵġ¡̲֮࣬ס̽ŽŲ͵͵ֻ߽ҷ᾵ɽʯ͵͵Ƴһۡ

ѵУ¶һְ۵ļҹҲʮֻۡ
ҹɫʵģŮڰ˵Ŀȴޱȵǽ̸ݡ

¡ұΣӴϢ꣬ŮЦһ

һʵܵΣ㵱С

طļ磬Ц⻹δʣȻ֦ѷ춯˻úƽ˿ͻأһɽסӣͬʱҲԶĽŲ
ݲݴϡ

Եмֻңղ˭

鲻֪ˡصϲûжٱײƵĿֻţܳ谮йײҲ˵ȥʲô
˵ϵ´ͻȻͣסŵƺʲôӲͷһۣ¹Ĺ

ؽӼ𣬶¹ϸԼ֧ӵĹ죬滹żͷӦߵ̫Ͱ֦ˡ

ʣ˵ģ

Щ죬ںδ




3.  Ժǽ   ȥģ


ѾЩˣûůͶ١ݺõҹ̲ס˸磬εֵ˵䣬Ⱦ˷纮ָúҩˡ

ݺ¿࣬ÿκҩǿȥģ˺һһڵĳ̶ȣҲûиĸ۰տǰϲܣССķ纮

ݺȻ£ֻ££½ԹԵ԰÷ʹ͸µóˣޱĹܲȥһ֦ɡ

֪÷ϰΪݺĸԼҲû
ǶλֲӦʡ

ٰĽ㣬ޱ׽ŪݺΪ֣ȥǿ»ᱻһݺȻǸ˳ܵӣҲϸҲʹ죬ܱȻ֮ãĶҴǰ

ʹôֻܲ÷ʡ

ݺ׼ȥ԰ģߵˣ·Ĺ԰÷Ѿߡֻԭ·۷

Ǿٿ

һ磬ݺϴ׼ȥѧϴȻƫƧȴѧ̫ԶԺԺûʲôڣԺҲпøߴĴ˿ģĻҲŵع֦ͷմɫʮ䡣

ݺŽҪѧ񷨣ʵʮƲġ
뷨ĵȻҲֹһˣȷӵ£˾ͲѧøԵ䡣Ѿ̴ӴΪ٣ȻҲ⣬ޱؽԼĶȻѧǰʾǵƣľƣ

˶ҪأȴԸѧϰĶΪڿεķ֪󣬲״ָϿΡ

ޱҲûݺλţһϵʹҲûôˡ

ΪΪޱϲݺҲҺʲô˭ҲᱻһͬοݺݣʵúܶעسĹŮɢ˿Σֻʣ˻ûߡ

Ըӱ߹ػ游̫꣬úѧһѧŮδ£ýһǹɷŵľһԺײϵľ˵񷨿Ρ
һʱѾ鵽ˣԼļɣȻһſξͻˣֻʣ̾

ôƫҪ۵ķӣʲв

Ըа꣬䴦죬һͷƳһƵòüͷһĽ

ݺע⵽ߣ̧ͷؿ

ԸһЩΪ˵λŮɣɷһСæ
Ҫݳվվô¡

ݺȻһŮӴһʱ仹ûӦʲô
Ըɫѿ̾ˣ߹ȥסֱۡ

ԸС游ڱ߹سϰ޾ӽΪֱˬݺֱߣûԼ˫ȣ˳ݺݡ˵ԼǹһԥҪҪ

ݺںЩ񣬷Ըʱеļӣʵϰ𣿡

ԸȻָ֪ҲȴȻݺᵽϰ䣬ŵ㽾꿪ʼϰ䣬СʱŸȥӪʮӪȷԣƽ֣ǻСٱȣһʤ
˵˺һԼûнգæԸ򱱽¤̫ξ游

ϴľŹһݺ֡
¤ݺ֪ģ̫ξƽµĹ¶벻ˣ̫йصﻪ֮ͥҲĹ͡

ԸԺգ֪ǹҲûоȣɫҲûκβڡ
ݺû˵Լǲǻ̫˷С˾䣺Ҫع𣿡

ݺҡͷ

ǸˣմãҴȥΣ

򣿡
˶ݺֱӵ⣬Щ㱣ʼĵԸ֪ã᲻Ҳһ㲻м

ߣԸߣûиܾĻᡣ

-

ݺΪԸȥݳ˭֪ѧԺȥˣЩҹӲٶѧƽŮӳ롣
ԸҪ룬ݺµԸܲĹأԺǰסѵδǲܽԺײҪ

仰ȻһɻʵΪʲôܽԺҲѧн鲻ĵ

żƶµĹأҪȥҪǰзͬ⡣ǽڵķӲʿǳϳὫһ߳⣬ͽǵķӿر

ԸƲƲ죬ĶôأҽȥҲ𣿡

ݺЩΪѣԸܿ¶˵Ǿ͵͵ȥ־ͳˡ
˵ʹݺƫߣⱻŵסݺҪʲôͼͣһԺǽԣƺǽܷܲȥ

Ҫʲô⻰ʱԸѾʼĦȭˡ

ϣ˾Ѿǽͷһؽŵǽأ￴۾Ͷ֡

ݺɴۣΪæ֣вУҪǱֻܷģҿȣ

ʲôͽȥͲǵԺʲôұ֤˷֣㷽·ϲǻ˵Ҫ÷أ治Ը֣һŷȥͲݵģû£˲࣬ôױ֣һٳˡ

ݺǼϸһֵģ˵÷һ˿ҡ̧ͷ۱ôǽֿʼùģҡͷҲҡ

Ը̾εҰ㵱ѣѲ͸ͬôС¡

ݺתˣ̲ס
Ҫ˵ѣʵûʲôѵģòиԸ׽ڲӦ᲻ԺԸͲˡ

Ըװʧؿݺ׼ٺƭ䣬ͱס֡

û𣿡ݺɵʵǶĲΡ

ԸһЦݺˡ

ϸƮƮһȥˣǽͷҵקԸʣǸϽȥɣײˡ

ǶӽѧĶײ£Ըļ磬һطԾȥȲڵϡɣҽ㡣

ʱ򲻾ţǽͷݺŷǽʵǺܸߵģ˰Ҳܹµ˷ЦŶ߰£ҽأԲˤ

ݺһ׼ȥ䲻һ

ʲô

һֱӣŤͷǽһ࣬˜ÿü𣬿жЩ⡣һλӾûôˣֱ𾪵Ŵ죬ʵһô|ǽأ

Ըһ̶ݺһƣʾҪԼ

ݺ˽ѵĵزҲõ˜ٷԺˣεԼԺ÷ŷ|ǽġ

˜ûвĻ

ԵüϷʵǽ

ݺߣԺ￴һۣҲûʲô÷µԸڿŭصԸһۡ

ڻ÷𣿡˜

ˡԸͷ

˜õľӣЩҹӻҪȫضǿ硣ݺöˣеίС֪ˣԵû𣿡

˜΢΢ĿüһѹҲմһϵĴɫһ㣬ŵ㹫ķ
ݺǵίȻͱ˱ץΡ

˱㣿

ҡҡͷԼҪôɵġ

˜ЦЦؿˣȥģɡ
˵վֱ΢ͷһҪôӡ





4.  ÷   ǰ˵С´

ݺǽ¿һۣԼȥɾǹһأһҪ;ֽŷسǰǽͷɫԽףһ̾Ҫ޳ˡ

˜ɢվţһָ΢΢ĴЦȴĨ޵⡣ô
ߴŹ۵ǿȥˣ˵ҪǺ£ҽšû˵꣬˜ЦעԼĬĬʣµĻ˻ȥʲôҲû˵

ݺǽͷüֱϰοԼǽߣˤȥҲۣϽȥܱﶪ˵ĺá¶ģһᣬҧҧͷ
ȹǾչŽʯײӴţƺû뵽סһ̣԰ӹѾѸݶ׼ؽ˸סˡ

ݺҧʱһĶΪԼٻŤţҲܻˤøѿЩԤеʹûг֣ӭȴһȵģЩɬҩĻ
ֻǺܿͱſˣ˜ƽϵۺۣɨһۡ
ǰ˵С´ˡ

ݺͷҿǵһôɣԺ󲻸ˡ

Ц˿ãһηǽײϵʦ

ݺЩȣ˵δ㡣
̫ѧƽ·Ĺ˶ٵÿҪ֪˜ᾭԸѵһٱҲȥԸ֡

ӳһ˫ʮֹ˵ĵۣЦܲ˿Żɢ٬
Ź

ʱһٻڹ顣ݺԺﻹδԸԥҪҪ

˜û׷ʵ˼ȴ̲סԼͣұȥһ֦÷ͳҪǻ

ɻˣ⹬ﵽ׶÷ʲôϡģͷԺǽ

÷ϡ԰÷ˣܲȥҪ

ݺޱ֮ĶԹѰ˼Ž֮һ֦ʲôҪõġ˜üͷ΢һ£˵Ժﻹһá

ݺԣϲбһɨգҿһ֦𣿡

ʦ˵ˣȻùȥ۵˼

˜ûзϣ΢΢һס߰ɡ

˻һݺȹӸǽͷԸ̸ҲеҲûˡ



˜ԺѧԶ䲻ȴҲ£ԺƬС֣ɸߵ÷ïʢԶԶ߽˰͸̵Ļ֦ͷΡΡġ
ڳеʦ֮ƣҲ֪ʥʮҪʲôʦߵıʿˡֻܵõӵʶʵ˲ò塣˜Ҳס˹ÿν¡

ݺԺӣ˜÷ݸʵΪĸļɳ

˜ǵãҺûк𣿡

˵Լϲ÷

ݺĸԷٶΪǳţ˷ţҲֻ֪ԼȫǺΣ꣬ݺҲû˻ǵãļҲ˼

ҪϷ࣬÷ǹֵ÷Ҳࡣ˜˵һ÷Ʒѡ

ԼھǼ÷Ĵָûе⻨֦ϡ÷Ϸˣֻǹ硣

ݺʣҲȥ𣿡

ɢչ͸֦˜ϣۣ΢۽ǺƵġļϵĻ꣬˵Ȼȥģż־ᣬҲйڽլۡɢյͷ

ݺ߬ӣѹĵ΢Ľţʣڿɻؽϣ

˜ƿƺǿ͸˼һЦˣڻûꡣ
ϣռƽ̶



صϴݺȼ磬÷λǰĻƿСʣһССĻ֦˻ƿãױ̨ϡ

ڸѣ겻ģ̲סʣּʦˣ

ݺԴ˼ô˵Ҳܻسϣһ˵ҽǽʦסˣϻҩζʲôʱĲܺأ

ҩĿζôʦͳ𣿡ǵݺжЩֺŵҩԼҪ£ŵҩζŻɽ£ݺ˜һԺӣȴǼҩζѬ÷Բ¡
Ҳ֪ôȥ˜˵ģԺûƮɬҩ㡣

ĵطŻ飬Ҳ֪
ֻǵϣͻȻҩҲûôˣĪеġ

ûʣ֪ݺޱֻΪиĸ۰ŶڸһҪٶ࣬Ҳãʱ˾ģҲùһȥ˱⣬ԼһԸøĵ³

ݺһЦڲ
Цʲô

ݺòֹסЦָһС֣˵쿴ע˵ḯ룬ФоΪĲѧ㵹˵ԼһȥЩ÷εˡ

ڿʲô

ݺֹסЦǴطĹ±ǰһλľ䣬½رģסջȡĹ¡ҾעɱҪʵöࡣ
ʵûдעģżмƪҪڽβЦԢе̫Լд¡ƿɳ£¾ظ
ֻּʵڳƲϺÿЩʲݵҪϸϳ

ҲǶˣԴ˲ü˭ҵ˵ӣעƷȴֻȥķ¡

ݺȴ⣬˼ҳҳĿհ״ŷдԭ˲ϲĵطСˣửһ˳ͷⱾɬĵ伮ΪЩĵȤҲ
Щī󵽶ԷǲмǷسԴ顣ӦҲǸҸĹӣʦűйżְٰ㲻ԸдЩ

ҳײգݺ˷뿴ûʲôܿⱾԭ˵ݣϧǺ뱾ͲעˣǹȻֹ㣬һҲûС
ݺţǶԷ뿴ˡȻЩʧ䣬ȴδ룬ֻѰŻᣬһȥط

ţȹͱʲô׹׹ݺצӹȹ˳ůè죬¡

ϲ̲סѣ幫һèͻҪעЩĪҪײøԼˡ

ֻҪˣ¶ǳײҶ߱ǡ



ûãΪԺķӸʡȥˣݺȥϿΣطӵҲϼ졣ΪԸԼҪһͬȥδдǾ˜ײˣȻûоܾǻҪȥһ˱ȽϺãڿ̨ϺȺȲҲ

ױʱŮС̸ʲôҲûͣ£һ߸ᷢһ߼˵
ŮɣüãߴƵѹޣһһεΪ鶯ȵӵʱ黨һͷ۵һŮӦϴȴûйḷ֪̌ݺγͷ

˵ô£

Ůش𣺡ҹһ̫ʩ̣ٻ˵͵̫İ֮̲ܽϣһ¡

ݺɻ󣺡һֱǸ𣿡

Ӧǰɣ˵Ǹߴεɾϧңȥʬ̫඼Щ³Ůϧôȥ͵᲻ʲô飬˼޻˰ɡ

ϴ߽ͭ޵Ů˵һ䡣˵ʲô̫ˣԩĵССòȡˣòɣҲδزޡ

ѵǡŮ㬵Ӧһרĸݺᷢ

ݺҲδ룬þ͵ԼĵطԸ
û͵ˣֻɫԵмأݺǿЦݡ





5.     ޻սҡ

ݺ鲻ãԥòѯʣԸ˵ˡ
ȥԺǣ֪ūˡ붼룬϶ûģϵūͿʼң˴ν޷ԮԽ˵ɫԽѿͣһ¿ݺɫ糣ƺûԼʲôϵֻѵ˴ɱѹ⣬бҪūܻףԴȶεڵ

ݺ֪ڵģϾײټֵĹУλͣûܻţҪǸĶ˼ûзء
ǱδйʶԴ˵̬ҲƲϺãǰǼҲףΪ裬ʹ߻ȥñɱǼˣ˵ӦӦİɡ

Ըɫ̾˿˵Ҿǵģǰ׵Ĺûһ³õģû˻ţô꣬ʥбԺΪ󡭡

һм˵ףҾǿҰĺˣ游ڱ߹֮ʱҿǼɱӵҰӣΪʳоľ͸˲źã֦ܽҶĹȥ衣
ԸԴū֮ԱݺţԽеѹȥ

ǰʱһֱƮ꣬ò磬չ⾹ȻЩۡݺһȥǰ绹ڵʱͽֻǲѧᣬȥ˾Ӫúȥ˷ݡ

Ըʶϳֵģ
⹬õˣΪǵĸãڹﾭżʱ˱㿪ʼϧͬãǻΪӣҪŽҵ֤Լģ빬£ȻвᣬȴΪеˡ
еѡֺγԸ

Ըݺû߶ãƺǿˣ쳤˸첲֣˵֡
ߣ

ߴ̵ݺ۾΢ӣûǱЩˣȴкüˡ
½˼̨ӣûٱ䶯̨վкüˣҲ۵úܣӸˣݺҲûӺ˭

ͼӸµؿǣĿΪֱӣεضݺʵ죬˭ҵģܺ쵽һȥ
꣬ߵĻ˵һʽŹݺɱʲô˼СĽŪˡ

ݺͷѰ˼ԼƺҲûôϲްɣô˸޵

ŹŬ룬ڳ˵ӡ󡣡ŶˣǰʱҿЦ˵ͷгӣιȥҵһ٣˯ֻſš
˿ЦǵȺͬҲʼϷ¡

ҼǲˡݺС˵꣬һС˵ǲȻǼٵģھǳĻħȻòɫκǸӣ׽Ū˲гȥϱ³ȴǻؼ·Īȵʺ
˭մ˭ù㻹

Ըûصһۣ㻹˼˵һӺͻЩ۸СİϷҲ֪ߡ

١ƣ̾Ҫ֤Լ͡ѾͷбȻȻҵı¶ء

ԸӣЦʱʱӻ֪Ķء

˷׷壬ǱԣһʱҲĿ⣬˳ǿݺϰֳϣʶԸıվվ
˵ʽɻ˸ƥѱģ

ݺԥһ£͸˾ʲôѽﻹѧôء
԰ȥˣݺֻõͷǸ

úԸҲһƥߴ룬һ糺Բֱۣͦһ˿Ե
ݺūİ¼ѵԼСֻұǣڱȦ΢һŵս߿ʵĽԸģ̲סȰҪҪԼԣɵúܣ㲻ˤš

ݺ֪ԼǲǱˣֻӲͷƤ˵á

ԸԼԶȺƵ鲻ãʵôһû˼һҪԣء

ݺֱ׵һƲסˣܲ𣿡

ôôҪ

Ȼ

ԶĿ̨ɢźüλټС㣬һߺȲһ̸ЦǷɵԸ˲ƲƲ졣Ǻˣһɲ񻰡

Цǿ򱱽ĶŮ̫ξıŮҰ⻰˵һ飿

Էɫһ̱㲻˵ˡ

һ˵Ŀ̨Լǵ̸Ц̫ЦЦˣû뵽Ůݺãǿſɲһ·ˡ

͸ӷӳƻҺϣ̧̧֣¶ɫĳ
ֻʱ飬ƲϽá

˱ˡ⣬̲סԸıݺ

˜Ŀʵ´˻

Ҳܻ䣬ֱԵҲ֪ǰūʹʽ½ңҪסȻδйūҵķˣ߹ذձضҪꡣ
֮⣬ԥҪҪݺȥסȻûģǱ߳£˸״ݺūãȻҪţ˵󲻴˵СҲСݺûĸΪͷҪȥףû˷Եġֻϵ׹ȥ¶ҪǴǰûйˣ˵ҡ

˜˼ȴû̻شֻ΢ɲüŻʵǵԼ˼

ֻ˜ºϲʣϣ̽飬ֻ˵ǲҵ˼ôҪ

ǾҪΪֵֵˡ˜ĻشԷܣֻһӰǵװЦҲûˡ

аԲ˜̬ȣʥߵıʿֲܱ¶ֻҧҧһЦ˵˵ǡ

ЩҲˣ˜ϵǸ˿ź˵ʵ˭һӣ˭Ϊ˜Լߵģʵ˭ҲվôվЦӳǸʾãû׼Ťͷͺͻʵ۽øɸɾ
ԽԽ̲꣬ȥһͱСĵʦǾΪѰҩ̫࣬ӲѲô

ȵȥ˜Ծվ˱ߣ̧ƿøĹ͸Ҳůࡣ
һˣƺҪ䣬һȺƫƫֻһ۾Ϳݺ
ҷ۵ĶɫȹӣߵĴΪλƣżײҲգԹԵԸ֡

˜̲סɽµʱΪʱҩԺﶼƮҩ㡣ڵʱʱȥ͸㣬ξܾҲ͵͵һŴĴ̨͵͵ǽʳߡ

ȥɽ֮ǰ˜֪ô󣬲Ÿ
δദ֮ãҲ벻ͨôôӣƫƫҪ׾شǰʾãѿֲ˼ȡֻŽʲô۸˵һӦǶ㣬İӦ
һȱˣŷĽȫ෴Ĵڡ

뵽֣̲סüʶĵ׷ꡣ

ޱؿݺƬ̣˜ҪջĿ⣬Ǳߵݺȴ֪ôͻȻͷδüƿײϡ

һ£ϵľȾת˾ϲССĸӼΧȹӾͳķɱûԶͻȻͣ£ʲôƵ۷ȥܿǣСܡ

ûݺܳԶһһȻӹ˳Ƹϵժˡݺδüͷ͸еͷһ£߾ʲôɿ˹ȥ

ű۵Դ̧ͷȥʱЦۡ






6.     Ŀڱšһ

ûܵˣǸ𣿡˻ΣⶺŪ

ݺĪʲô

ǾȤͻȻ붺һ¡һǸε˼ҲûУϴôС㣬̾׷Ҵô

ݺ벻ͨҪʲôֻ˵׷㡣
Ҫ֪ղһ¹ͷ۵гȻߵġ

˵ʱɨ̨Żվ˜ѾӰ

ੲݵ˵ô֪û˼Ҫ䣬һȦķλﲻܲҪ

ݺֿһۿ̨ĵĪһɷꡣֲҲֻС˵θ㣬ҿ𣿡

һ£漴Ц˵ģ˷ж֮⣬ȻңȻҪµġ

΢΢ۣȻû뵽˵ô޳ܵĻ̼ŷϣû˼

ǿŲӣԽҪŪ˼ʲô˵кǲǣ

ģ
ӲҪҿЦˡ

ݺ򴽣ӿŲҪ뿪׷֣ӵһѡôˡ

סݺȥ·ϻ黨Ӹµָָˡ

λǣɻشݺûϳ

ǾŹҿͦʵġ

ݺԹԵĶԻȫʲô˼ܹ鲻ʲô£ֵ̰Ҳʣʲôᡣ

֪ô˵ЦҪľʲôᣬҪһء

ҲȥľܾԵûʲôڸС

ݺСûʲôѡˣʲôôܾĻ˵ڣĲԸ⣬ֻҪԷ̬һǿӲ̾͹ԹԵصͷ
û뵽ô˵ֻЦƵ䣬ܿͿɥԸشӦˣûŪҪȥʲô

ֱݺĶǰǰһɫؿ

󣬿̾͵ɴۡ

šüëһţָȻҸһӣأ

ǵԼ˵ҪôԵģѡָһӣСӱ߹ͿҪҺôѡ˸޵ġõܣŹأǾԲƫң⻹ʲôòģ

޻˵߷ߵصһۣɫԻȻʲô֪ݺ͸ûˣһֻϵù

ʮպʱ˭Ӯ˭ġ

ʼûݺ͵ôһ£һȦΧſϷܴ󣬲мЦĻĶ䡣
ѡڳĻӹ˰ɣʱˤźá

Źÿⲻƽɣֺôӣ˵ӻ᲻Ǩŭ

ָý̰ɣһȥһˡ

ԸȺ͸˵иùѡ˻úЦ˵ŹŷӦݺǸù̼ȥסãȻ޴ͬʱҪϱʲôʹԸ𣿡

ݺʹ㣬ͷˡ

Ըѯʵؿݺ˵Ŀ⣬ֻܲԸءšһϡ
ȷʵͷˣȻԸҲû취Ȼ֪ҪʲôԲǺ£֪վͲˡ

Ըջˣ϶ƹӦģһӮˣֺþͰ˻Ҫ˰ۣˣ

ⷬ˵꣬뿴裬ɫʱͳûôͲӮˣԸ⻰˼˵һݺɣ

ԸŶӲǲˡ

ƣŲаõʱɱˡ

ǶԼɣ˴ӣ޵̫ѿ豻Ƽ˾Ϳʼźݻ

ЦһҲקηηӦˡ

ݺͷѹøˣڸصߡ

ֻȺ۵ģԶڽĬĬŲ⣬ȻһȺָָͷ㣬ڽŵ˵һĻֻ߬ǿסĵĻ޴롣

꣬һۣƺˣֻģ㲻ܿʹˣһ䣺㻹ʲô

Ըݺ֣˵Һ͹лҪ˵аɡ

һû
˵ͷҲȥˡ

ԸŸݺȥ
ūһֻͨ崿׵ʥ϶Է޲ǺܸȤͨ͸
趼Ҫ˵ΪӶ֪ҪŻˣƫƫƽλȨأȫڹ﹬ߣͻӴ˼ܶƽ̯Ͳסáʲô˼Ҫһ
˴СͲԸ֪Լδùǲ˽±ԣ˭˭Ծ

ΪһֻΪİʤģҪߵ¡
Ȼ䲻ǲһ㣬ӣָһĸҸӵָͿ˭˸

һжõģ⽫Լ䲻õֵܽýն׼һӮˣҲܱȴַҪá

ֻݺ֮⣬ΪĬĬźʹû뵽λһ˵仰ãڽճִļƻ

ݺͬû뵽Լֵ̯ù£һʱ֮Ҳ֪ù˭ȥǹԼղó֡



Ǽ̺ӣ̫ȻʺĵճӣȻʺźܳһʱʵ۶û߳Ȼеڶȴꡣ
ĻӴӲãüλڱزˣݺǲ֮ˣ±Ͳ׽ĻָӲϲ

ûԷһֱʲô

վôļȴ߶Ҫ˰Ѱ͵ǰȥ𣿡





ŸĶԼݺĺԺѧ䣬ڴ֮ǰݺûֱ̧ҶͷһɫͨǿᣬֱȻΪ׼ȷ˺ü֧ʸ

һԿã޿Ҫʱŵʦӻ߹պüһĻ

ݺֱֻ֪ۣίۣϢֲ˵ڡʱ˜ͻȻػһӵ¡

軺ɫ˜񡣡ˡ

á
ûж飬ĿɨͥеݺҲûͷ˜һ˫ȻҲ֪رһᣬĿڱšһѣգ۾ˮֹסع䡣




7.  ѧ   ȱޡ

ĻʺԴʮֳ谮ȻȲΪĵճӣȴҲи̺Ϊʦ˜̵ܱĿҵ
Ȼƽˣ˜ǰȴ㹧ʵ˱̽ݺ׵һߡ

˜ĶԼжţֻû뵽ݺᱻǣȥ
ƽͥԺգиǻʵۼɵƽͬ㣬ﻪ֮ͥǸıʥϵˡҲ˽ã֮Ҳûôɻ䣬Ҳš
Ѳ⣬ƽΣҲǹߵĵ

߹롣

һ⹷ҧ˵ĿܣͲòʼǣǷŵıҪˡ

˜Լǵϳݺӣʱֻɨһ۱ȥˣͷô¡
ݺĬĬؿҲҳ˳Ľëʪһһʪ죬Ǻıοɫʡ

ջۣĪеꡣ

ĵΪӵĶԼ׼

輸־ͲƵظм飬ЦһҵӮȻҲóݺʲôᣬĽ̵Ҳ졣

˜ÿɷֻһλϳ˵̴ӣݴ½̵Ź

豾Ҳû˼Խݺֻ붽£˜ĽҲûӦˡ
ȥ鷿ǰߵݺߣѵ޶ǽ̲ȥˣȥŵʦ̴ӺúѧɢģҲԲĹ㡣
ݺ˵ͷƵ뿪ΪҴæ˜ʱȵȹߣЩԼʱһ¡

ݺ͵͵ƳһۣȴüԼ͡
ע¡

ݺͷѹøˣʲôº´𱸵ĺӡ

ֱֻţһ:Ǳ·߲ãϲ̨Ķ

˜:¸ˡ



ݺɽ¼˜̴ӣһ˫ֵ̥ܣʱһģһſڼתͷΪԼײ˹ŵûȥָ˜Цһͨ
ֵܶ˳ԸȴȻֳͬȿڲԣǳĬӰӰվڰƵ˻磬ҩɰҲżݺɽµĵġ

ΪԼ˻Ƿƣȴû뵽ǹƧֲķȡ
ƲԺ깬תĻ󣬺ܿȡһѽΪɵĹݸ÷֦Ϲ˸̳ӣָָ̳ӣָָĹ

Ҫվֻ̳𣿡ݺΪѣжš

ȵ˵ͷͷȥ˼

ݺղ÷򣬶ֱʱֶ޷ƺ
ȷ󣬺ܿͽȡĶϡ

˜ͿݺվԺﱣҵƣֱϹһʳУżֱ̲ס³

ǿɱɱ֣뽿εεСȻͬҪѵҲֻֻû뵽ݺȻĹԹҲûҪ޵˼

˜߽ЩΪ۶³ĸ첲̧̧ˣ

ݺ̫רעûע⵽ˣȻŵһ飬첲Ϲŵʳв˦ȥֱȵ̧סˡ

ôһ־էӡջ֣ʳеݸȡ
ݺӣʮֲϲģ˵ǿߡưأŰޱҲû΢̬˷ġ

ѧᡱݺ˵ֲԼҪѧġ
ǰĨᣬﵹǸ˵ԼԸˡ

˜Ƴһۣ˵˭ùûоܾȨء

ޱ¿Բݺû˻˼ĲԸ

ݺҲѹȻ֪ΪԼûˣֲܾģֻǾʮίʮ˵ѡһԳЦʱ򣬱ûôѹģһ˜Īۿᣬίͷѹѹȥֺ֪֮еˡ

˜ȣʵˣ

ҡҡͷ˜һҾ֪ı飬̾˿˵ˣȽ

Ȼ̵ķʽ۸࣬ҪĺáݺȻ첲ȴû̫ˡ
˜ݣݺԹ¡

ĳ룬ɽµס᷿һ㣬ڷŵùؾأûһطҵġ

˜ƽϵ壬ĵһμʲôʱ򣿡

ݺ֪ЩʲôʵʵشˡʵܵԹĵֻδҡ

֮

δ

˜ɫһ䣬漴ˣɼǵԼںδ

ݺҡͷ
ȻĬĬţҲӣֻΪĳƲȴδΪѣûеһ˵ܲǸкҪǺްɡ
ֲֻǺʺãΪ𣿡

˜棬ʲô֪Ȼǡ
ţԶޣؾǾŮӣһ㣬ġ

ݺüɻҺʲô᣿ô֪£ε֪ģ

˜ȥ¶֪ûûεӣ˵ʵūϳʥϴ͹ףƺҪȥ

ݺ죬Ϊ𾪰û˵һ춼Ҫı飬˜˱ݸݺյҲ֪Ϊ廹ֱյֵ䣬ȹοһƬˮա

üģ̾˿

ûж㹫ӡ

˜ûг֣ݺȺۣæҵȹӶ˶ȻվŲˡ

룬ٿ޿ģ÷ȰϳȥˣԶȥ׻ʡǰΣƽķ
Ȼ꣬ȴֳ˼֣̲ס˵ȱޡ

ݺ˳ӣûޣֻ߬֡ûе㡣

ȥԪ̫㡣

ݺɽµʱԪ̫Ϊûʲô˹ģԪ̫ûãҲǹһˣʱ𾭣һԸ۾õ̫顣ˣ̫Ҳûϲ˼

˜ĳɣֻ˵ȥǣҪ˵ȥġ̫Ȼ䣬ĵȴܺã㾡ȥǡ

ݺΪ֪Ԫ̫ĵغãں׵飬ҲûȻصϴųõķȥ̫ˡ

ȥ˲ű֪̫Ĳ࣬Ѿ˲ĵز

еʱ̫һ˫Ƿҵ۵ʶݹָ𣬽߬˴Ƭ壬з϶ľӣϾɵ󷢳͵

㡭̫ӵ¡治

ݺֻ⼸ʣȴѽƴһɻؿ̫̺Ĺˣɫɷף̫־壬ϣҪԡ

ݺ齱ߣԵص˵ͷһ̾ͱԪ̫͵ס󣬼õȣ۵òԪ̫ǵۣ˿ȴͬӥ㶢סȴ˵׺ݣǾ塣
Z

һ֣ͱŮסˣݺͱһߡ
ŮϰԪ̫úסҲΪݺݼ̫ԵùɳŮûмȥտԪ̫

ݺҹͺ̫Ůһͬţ˾齱ģģ˯˹ȥ

ҹѹһ̧ͷ˯ŵ̫һض ŵһ
̫̫Щ𣿡

Ԫ̫ջۣȥˮ

ݺհ죬ûֱ̫ۣƺ˯ȥˡ
շٴ̫ͻȻ˵Ҫ󱾹

ݺĪ飬С̫֪ģ

Ԫ̫ͻȻЦһ˵һʣԭǡ



ԥôڣ̫ͷϽ˵ڲ˵ȱˣɾûˡ




8.     ˣ

Ԫ̫ĹгȥѾˣ̫Ůݺȥһ·Ͼĵġ
ݺ˼ǧһ·϶Լûʲôᡣ

Ԫ̫ͬ˜˵Ȼ̬ʮ䵭ȴûв˵˺׵º󣬾룬Զū
ݺл̫Ϊ׽Щܿͱ̫ͷͻ˹

֪ݺҹЪԪ̫УɫػҲû̫ȡ
ϴݺ·׼˯òУȴô޷˯Ī̫־ʱĻ

޵ݺȥû˯ţʣôˣ

ݺû׼Ԫ̫˵ȥһ䣺Z˭

Сڹ֪źܶ࣬ȻҲûеһʱֻǾʮϤƺĶʲô

ǾϤǼǲˡݺ꣬Ҳûϸ룬ֹ̫ܺãΪʲôǺܲϲȥ

˵ȵۻڵʱ̫ʮͣãҲ׽ֻǺӴ䡭

ݺһ˵ƤԽسأƽȣܿ˯˹ȥ

ĶԼգݺȥŷϰ֮ҲСнչѾаӣѾʮֲˡ˜ʱ򶼲Ժżײݺ˵
Ժ£طӸٻٳδ飬ʱһλĴ帺λϴʮֲ޳Ϊѧ£̵ҲʮַܣùСѧϰĵ£С˵ޱ˵̣պӴͷϿΡ
дͼӴ׵˵һʥΪӣ˸Ϊķ̡ܽ

֣Ӵǰ̲ɷϳ˺һڼҽ֣ϼѵҲԶ
ݺһ£֣ûΪѹޱ̵ܽʮֲͷ˼κҲˡſκݺץʱȥҷѧ䣬˜żûڴ߿飬һƺ̫ֻݺʼڵǺ׵£һҪؽ⿪Ȼһֱûҵᡣ

ĶԼ٣ݺյԸȥ㡹
ֻռ㡣ƺãıڶ࣬˜ҲС

˜ҩʱݺŵ˿ɬҩζ̽Դȥ˜֪ڿҲûЦʲôҲһ𣿡

æҡͷžͶ˹ܵĶ¡

˜ܲĿضԼҩ룬˵Ǿҩζ𣬻սʲô

ݺʵʵ˵ζͲš
Ǻô˺ҩˮ治ɫһںҩ֭

𣿡

⻰ѾٴΣɽµʱͻشһ˵ϰˡ

ݺ˵ϰҲǿġ

Ρ

ԴǴشݺȥԺӣһ𻨾
ܺãɹݿڰ۵ľԪϣžʮϲ

𻨾ͻ˹˜ڴǰŴִ÷֪˶òŽĿȴľϡ
Ĭؿ˰ΣһЦбһƬ

ȣȥˡ



㡹һգݺѵ˳ʮ죬ڴ֮ǰҲԼΪȥһϺõȻȲʲôҲںᡣ
ΪͥԺգ㡵ĹھҲ˱㣬Ҳȥ򱱽ָϲ죬ܵõǮһⲻӣΪ˾ٻ򱱽ſ˿ء

ҪԸϹϵ˲ݺչԼԶֵȺȥ˽ΪƧĺСҪ˰ͷضڳرι㡣
úٵĽŲͷһۣǼͯ׷ֲ֣Ϊػعͷι㡣ž֪ĸʼޣͷͿˤڵأһСŵקͷ

ݺһμֳСʱܡ


ԥҪҪȰһȰΧ۵СѾʼһˣԹ۲ãǰҵĺӸ̳󣬿Ųģ·Ϻüӡ
ǱˣȻһҾȥǵĵ

С±״ģ˭֪˵꣬иӸߵкָÿ޿ĺӣ͸ô˵ˣС֣

ݺɫ΢˵۸ˡ

Сݺһ˵ǵĵںδ

ЦһɢֻǸСкûߡ
ŻС۸ˣʱֹסᣬ߷ߵҳˣһܴǡ

ݺѣҲ᳤󡣡

кʱͿȥƲֵʣô죿

ݺԼ֣˵Ժúϰ䣬ȥ󽫾ñ۸Ҳ۸ˡ

۸ҡ

ǵˣͰǴһٳ

ݺڳرߣͷһι㡣
ûþһ˴Ůҹôˣ

ݺϵм

ʮޣ˵ʱ͸ݺԼԹ⡣

λǣ

ǾŹݺ꣬΢΢һ£ƺ˼Źûӡģ
Ск߽ܵףգҲôģʣӮ𣿡

˶࣡

ǾûӮЦһ´ȡȥ

ݺ˵ĶԻҲͲСôһҪˡ

˶ӯӯЦǹķˣѩͺá

ĺӺѩ˵λǸˡ

ѩݺлǣС뿪ˡ

ôһ׮Ҳû˼ιˣ񼴽ʼҲҪȥǡ
ȵͥУ㡵ĹѾʼɵ¸صʦ֣ݺп˜һֱ֪˜ʮȴ뵽ԭ˹ġ

ԸȤݺ˸λã˼˵լȤš
˵˵ţָһݺżˡ

ǸƯŮ˰ɣķˣǿǸݽǶԱǴľˣѩǼҡ
ݺ˵ƺЩ࣬Ϸʵټ

Ը˵˵ԭӵˣ˽Ϊǰ˸ֲϵͷȢˣҲǸˣתͷ֪ù飬Ӽĸ˸ܵܣòϵ
˵Ըıмֻ

ݺ뵽żѩԶ˵ЩͻȻҲôˡ

˴գҹﻹᣬԸݺڽЪϢգݺԾͲŻعˡΪڶ࣬Ҳûȥ˜ֱҹͤеԸ塣Ȼбߵ

ϳ۷Źس

ݺɻ󣺡ң

Ȼ¹ҲͲˡеİ״Сƿݸ˜ߣҩǲĵģһ²ȥͣعײ˰æӸлл

˵ִҴææˣݺǲŻعֵҩ󲻵ãŮһԼȳȥ׷˜
ɫϰ֮ǰؽЩ·
òڵƳӰͼ˜ŵư˹յؽСݺȻ֣ȴЩҩ͵ϡ

ǰͣƴӳݺƿӣŻ谵ĹߣƿԾȵءסһ
ôǹ

ݺóƿ͵ҽ

һ˵ˣҪػץɡ

ôߵˣƺǻع·

ƸҪش𣬺Ȼһ֧ʸƿնǰϣŵһݺҲȥô£
һĻæŵҪ˵д̿ͣȥ

Ҫԭ·أ֪δȻˣֳ֡ȥ·Χס򼱵亹ֱðֱӳǰһߣ
ݺδƣԹﲻ̽ͷǣסȻһһ֧ضڳϣëȻģƤ͹ͷ̴졣

ݺʲôˤڵأǰ򽦳һ̲Ѫҹɫиһڻ

ʮֵҲ£ָطųڴҳֱ𣿡

ݺɤӿڣû¡

صģ±ضƽ¡

ŵĳأ

ˡ

ûйͣݺҲûϸʣֻҪܻųȥһҪúðᣬļˡ

ǳǼҹ𣿡

ǡ

Ƹ˵꣬ݺǣŵһ˻ҵضƿӶ˵˳ȥʼܣ˜Զһµǡ
̽ݺ϶ݺȷеظܵԼǱȥģֱۿĵۣڼڲ˽˽ȥݺԵ˜ϣŵ˿ɬҩζѪ
̾ŵسںڰп˜δˣֻСطֱ۹ǰ

Ѫˣ

ʲô

ݺ˼ҧгݵζæҩƿͳ͵Ұҩ㡣

һƿҩѣղͣʱ㻹Ҫ˜ͲǶһˣݺҪĹͷ鷳޲÷ֱӼȡ

ݺ֪˿̾գҲûʲôίίӶǡҪɡ
˜û˵ΪֿˣĵĻյøˡ

Ķ۲ۣ

ڰУӵؿڡ

˜ĬûӦ𣬲֪ãǹյĻǱˮȻĵһֱ̡Ѫʪ֪ܾһջ֣ӦʣҸղǲ˴ˣ˵زأ

ûشſǻˡ˜˵Һ¡

Цˡ

⺰ӣ̫࣬Һͷȥ˿·빫ʱ

Ż



԰˾ʹ£˜ӹ˵ҪЩ

ݺս°ڣԹ󣬶˜͸оֻ˿ڡ

ֻһ׵¹˴СŪ

˜һЦ̾˵˾䣺Ҳۡ





9.  ݺʱ   ֮ʱ

ɢ¶һ£Ө¹ڵ˪ѩ

ڼžֵмٷɳۣڶߵͬ޹ôݺıһᵽߴ

ô󻹴ûֳ棬ǰֻ˜λǹ˵ıʿһֱ˿̲ףԭλǫ͵ĵʦʵӰ쳯ֵ͢ĴڣڵҪ׷ɱĵز

ȷΪ˿·еס˰µĴ̿͡ݺ˜鷳ܺµúˣҲֻһץࡣ

ҹ紵䣬۹ߵķ졣˜µ˲ưոݣȻһץȥ䲻ڶҲȻҪܵģô׼Ӱ
ο󻹸һˣʵǲý

Ϊ˦̿ͣһֱƫ·ǽ֣ȻһʱԷ׼Ҳһ

˜룬ݺǰһѣˤûӦ˜һѸԾ¼۵
ݺļںֻһתںԱ˜ûпĵڵϹȦ˳ɽ»ȥ

;˜ƺһƺ˿ڡ

ɽϳҰǽѿʼ֣ɽҰеĻȴá
»Ǽľɫֻ˜Ĺͣ˵پôһҲҵòӡ˜ͷϢݺֱ۱ѪҲͬĿ಻ԡ

û˵˜һ䣺˵

ݺҡͷŵ:˵𣿡
֪˜Ӳã˵ǲҲΪһҪγӡڻɽҰ캮ضҲ֪û׷Ĵ̿ͣ·ȻвֻͨܿİŻȥȵܷ

˜ҪŷַŲ֪ײˣʱ۵
ҧҧҪ˵ʲô첲ͱһֻϸֱ۸סˡ

ǳĶߣݺѹúܵͣƺǻû

˜ʶ𣿡

ҡҡͷ¹¸˲ϸĹ⣬Ǳ紵ԵĲĺ档
Щ£Ѿˡ

Ϊֲˣ

ûлش𣬷ʣǻ𣿡

˜µС˼˵ֻǰοԼˡǻᰲȻ

Ǿˡ˵һ

ĬĬκ˵ôң

ݺȻ£ɵ˵Ȼˡ

˜û˵໥ǰߡ
Ұɽֹľطвͨߵúܷϲ¹ĵŢУݺЩ˜סˡ

ҹﺮɪɪ˜Ʋȥ˼ݺͣ½Ųƽ

ҹ·УҪٳ˲ֻ鷳
˜˵ˣǱҸطЪϢٻȥ

˵һ˺ѷΰĿԣɵǽڷס

ݺĵĺ󱳣ҩҡ
˵һ룬ҲͣˣȻۡ

ҩءҩ񣬺ղŵˡһңæȹߡһȥңڴ˵صңӦҵġ

˜ס˱㶪ˣȥҡ

ݺȴԼ鷳ǿû޳ȴỨҵģҲܰҩŪĲͺòˡ
ѵòȰһΣִֵػȥҩйĶѣñǲǵĴƿϧҹ￴壬ôҲͽͣκݺ˼ŷǴĶˤµģһʱûע£͹һӲˤȥ

˜ݺƵظţߵЩƫҲûѣŵ˹ƾͻݺȻһ˾Ͳˡ
µݺˤˣ̲סüŲЩȥȻûӰֱʹ|ſ¹ճһӣݺŽף۵ӷ¡

Ի޵ĴӣڲõýΪªûڿӡ
˜̾˿Щڷûֹ
𣿡



ݺſ˜ĺ󱳲ҶԼҪǶ̫ǣ˿ڡ

˜СϣֻƮƮûʲô

ݺûп˵˜ΪСˣȴȻܵȵҺں󾱣΢س±ӡ

˜Ųһ٣ֱ۽˽۵𣿡

ݺƵģǿסǻۡ

µԭ򣬾üȺЦΣûй㡣

ݺˣһԡ

˜ݺСԣ˺ȹ͸ûˡ

ȵúȴܵǰֱ۶˶Сؿѯʣǲĺܲϲ

γԣ

ݺûٿˣȴɵ䣬֪ʲô¡֪ǶϲңСʱ򶼲ԸʻѾܾûк˵ˡСʱŪĸһ֧ӣ˺ôƢ޵ˮҿ߽˴𡭡

˵Ҫҹһ㣬ĸң᲻ԸˣҪǲŪӣҲͲ

ݺٺ˜Լ£Ҳǵһ֪ԭһֱġ
빫޸ϵ

ݺ󣬷˿ľһ𣬻΢ҵڡ

Ҳ֪ĸΪ˭֪ǲԸΪһġͣƬ̣˵ҵ֣µ˼

֪

ݺʱǴ֮ʱ


ȥ˜ɼಡӦ£ɽ˵ϢҲû֪

⸱Ӳд꣬صʱ߼Ҫ֧ţ˵˼ͻҿԡɽΪƫƧ𲻺ãżԶ

˜ｫĲľһ۾ͻѡ

ڵһμݺʱһķĴֻ̨С͵͵̽ͷ۲ķӦ

˜˼԰׵ɫҿԷ̬ĺΡ
ӣ䴽ЦЦݺʱݺ֮ʱԢⲻ





10.  ˼   СѾͷϲɡ

ҹʵ˜һҪѰĴ̿ͣһ߻ҪĻײϲöԸҰޡȻݺ˵ҪҸطЪϢŲȴһֱûͣ¡
ݺԼĪˣûԽԽСҲƽȣ˯ŵʱ㰲ֽ֣ŲҶֻż߽ᷢʶૡ

˜û˵ʲôһƬУֻʣ΢ĺԭ߻иڵģȻǸ鷳С

Ҳ֪˶ãϵ˿Ѫ裬ֻʣ첲ڷѰ˵ٶȲԸݺþδ飬˼ȥѰ·ϿȥҲ֪¡
ʧҹ;ˡ

ֵ̫󣬾׸µ𣬱Ͼõʦûؾڽ̣˵ȥⲻҪְġΪǶϽѰ˜ý˵û¡
ǶͬʱʧٵĹҲֻԸһ˽ƻ

˜û뵽ҵݺˣƽ

̰棬㡹ֵúǰӱ޻ظȴԸ𼱻ȥҾŹ˾յżһѰˡ
ճ޺ۼһɽ·ҵ˜š

Ƴ˜ͷС̲סϷʵ˯ÿ湻ġ

˜ǰɢ˼ҷһɾѴ˿Ҳմۡ

ҵһֻ̣ôһָֻ߸ϣһ²մ̬żҲ뿴ʧ̬һΡ
Ȼǲûֵһ⣬մҶӺͻҳ˜Ҳɴݲȣû¶Ǳ
һ̣϶û¶ϲɫֻ΢΢̧һۣߵЩ

еۣ˜ǸˣҲŶʮ꣬ôôţһûС

سѹ˜꣬Ҫӹݺȴ΢΢һ࣬ûа˽ȥ

ֿˣԼǲǷ̫ڲԸһ¹ֲɻЩŮʵûҪôšȻˣúá
ôҲǴƽӣҲĵλ֦ҶĹˣֲҪռˣôôƲء

ء

һʣ˜ҲңŲ

û÷Ƹûʲôˣ˜Ծֽ߽ӹݺ
˜˽ʮָɴ࣬ѻˡ

Ʋ



ݺ˯ûżȴʼѲ

Ȼŷ亹ŻΪĻ溦£һ۾ֻǵõˡ
һƬĪеһļ£˯ǰں˜˵ȥҪȥѰһʱԼĽˣһ齾ͨԵڵҳһ졣

ûеƣݺʲô塣֪ԼĶҲûϤˣˤۺûпǿųߡ
źȻƿ̵һײ鰸һǲˤ˼ʱϵס

ݺ˸ŵҩһ̣̲ĺȻƽϢˡ

ôˣ˜ҪȴٳٲƺûҪֵ˼

ҷ㣬һ˶ûСͷ˜Ļ߬۵ָ˽ɤƵǲſ޹ȥˣ

˜ݺڶܾĶһŲ϶
ĺ󱳣˵ڸڣҺ̣Ҿ

룬ʵجˣ

ݺͷСʲôˣǾú¡ֻʶҪ˜ƺֻҪھܰģҵ˾Ͳ֡Լ֪ôˣϲ˜Ҳִ֪粻¡

һûȵ˜ȥԼݡ˜ݺڻ̲סüɫŹֵ˵һ䣺˜ǹ

ݺִڻпģ

˜˵컹ûȥ˯ɡ

ԥϴ齣˱ȥ˜ۣţıǡ

˵߳ȥš
һɫٷϣմȾľҹɢ˴롣
˜صƫң˵𷽲δ̸

¹ŵ΢ƵĹӳŷ۰׵Ļ¶˼Ȼ䡣

˽Щ£ˡ

˜˿ڲ裬̲شΣҪ֪ġ֪ķǰ̫ӷɳܹĿŵǾٷһӡ

ʦ˜常𨣬˜Ϊӣڰ£һֱڷҲˡȻԴ볯ľԽԽأ˜һһγڳеİߡ׽˜ȻƼˣҪ˽

ҵôȥǽ˰٣վܾȡ

˜ۣŲĭɢƽ뻢Ѩɵûӡһ泼һԹӣǻභˡ

֪˜˼ö࣬¼Ȼ˾ûʲôʵģֻǻһ£͵û˵

˜ͻھеĸۡ￿򱱽ƽҲ֣Ҳд󶯾
õϢϹʱײϷƱݺߡ
ݺϴһۣմŵѪѾˡ

˴û˹ܣûŮҲ˜˳ȥĵؽɢˡһеʱݺѷѵӣָʶؽ߬һƬ䣬

˜ȥʱҴ˱ǣһ㲻ؿˡ

ϷһĻʵòʼġ

ʵСѾͷϲɣ
ôܾ˜ǵûеִء

Ρƽ

ɴۣȴѹüͣݺݵʲôΣ˜ѵ㻹ԹӡҪþͰˣҪǸҶ˼ʦ˼ҷǵڵϸλͷ

ʲôѵ㵱˲ɡһ˵ĲǡﾡЩ˼Ȼѵˡ

СԹδظɲ޵£ãԺӡôҲǱ徭װ˾ӵˣɱʲô

˜߶òͷƤ̧˵֪ˡ





11.  Ⱦ   Ҳϸ֫

̿û»ڣ¶̲ȥ飬̲˽ͷö֪Ӻδ֡
˜ڳµʱ޶ɣεĽ趼پɳ˽¶˜˲Ҫ˵ץס˰ѱҪնݳҲûܡ
Ϊ̲͸òˣ˵Ҳ˭ʼ飬ҵҲһڣӵ̲¶ǿ಻ԡ

˜Ȼ˵òأʵۻǸ˼٣ʱֻܺú˴żɣʹͲϺõԼĲҩ

˜͹ŸɽһȦݺҲմ˹⡣

ݺҲΪ˜ĴڣĸͻȻԭԼһСŮʲôƺ̫ĮŸʹ͡
ЩŮҵͷһӦȫвҲг¡

ݺƽﲻ̫עװ磬ҪϣΪʹ͵δ£ŸѴıʯȦɴСȵ뱦ʯϣ׹һ͸
ϴĹ˿ҲССؾ̾һ£̾־ÿϧ

ٺõ䱦ҲҪ˭ӵУûȨưЩöϷԼˡ
ݺڴидģûס֪Ȥһ㡣

ҵǻعڶգݺΪȾ纮ûȥԺСҩ˽׼ȡ

һǰľݺȻŵһɬŵҩζ֪ҩˣ̽һ

ҩɡ

ҧݺȹиͣûʮֲԸ

ѾǴˣҪٺͯԣǺҩʲôѵģòˮڱˡҩ£׼Ӻҩ

ݺŤ˽ţ·һȳһյģͻȻȾϷ纮ԺķӺĿҵҪϡȻ뾡ȴҲԸҩ

ӵƽӵĶԼպ󣬹Ͳ˺ȱ¹

ݺıԽˣɲǷ岻ʣֻΪ۴Ӵ˸ΪһҩζԽŨˡ𣿡

ӵùˣ಻ĺòĶȥȰɡ

ݺСǰ£ŶҩͲŻҪҩ룬ͻȻڣŵʦӼͿʼҩҲ֪ΰġͬһ㣬ǻȤ

˜ҩڿɬҩȾǰݺɽ¼μҩˮ²Ƿҩûôࡣ˜ֻԼԣСһھü³ˮڿеĿζ

˵꣬ٿݺʱѾϢҩˣһŽεʹ

һ꣬׻ʣһǳǳҩݺһԲȲڣûھɫһȥ

ɫٴγȥŮ漴ʵ㣬ȥһ룿

˱ۣ̲ס̾Ϣһ
ȥɡ

ȥݺҩ˸ɾȥڣزҿְûַƣ͵Ҳǹ³

ްãҩѾȥؼˡȻЩͣѾϰˣݺҩҲǵһΣݱţҲΪиˡ

ڶҩ͵޵·ϣײݺԸŮͨʱݺ̺鰸ǰϰΣԸˣ̱ϲŮ˵ƽҲڡ

ݺסΪλ

Լϴµӡʵڲãһʶ˼ҶϴˣܲòֻòԸ˵ǽɡ

Ըһ㴩㣬ƵĶԽӣʯȹŮϵװκ١ĴŴϵ¶ԸͷλεĽھͰˣ޽ǻһ使۵

ݺһ۾ĬĬƿĿ⡣

ôҲˣ

£˳ָԼ˱衣
㲡ˣصôϾվҪˣˣ;ҿɲ 

ԸСȴھǱųҪأ٬ӦУȴǵùܾǸ̽Ӧõġ

ݺ֪ԸΪģҲΡⱾͲ㣬ҲȥѰңӦҸ鷳ˡ

Դʲô鷳ģ֪𣿵ҵ͵ʦҪȻʦôöˡܲӣһΪҪллأһֱûȵҾˡ

Ը㲻˵𣿡

ЦۿݺҪ𣿡

ˡݺôЩڣ۲

ݺҪôһҾ죿

ݺһ˵ḡĶŪҲ˻ҩ鰸ϣ˵Ⱦ˷纮ӲʣֻὫλˡ

Ը˼һߣȴס˹ȥ

Ƴҩ룬ҡҡͷʲôҶ˴Сϰ䣬念úܡҪ˵ҲкôͲٺЩںҩ֭ˣŰһҶ³

ݺȻ̫뱻ϣ˵ⷬȴͷʾͬ
ͬҵ֪˵Ҿ֪Ǵˣ᲻ҵ˼ҩ߰ĳ氡ݰһ𰾣˵׼ԭܺõĶˡ

Ըͷشܲ˵䣬һָˣ֪Ρƽ֮ӣҲҪâҪԼпɽĴǻ
Щ˵̲סڣԼ˵Щõķϻ
ƽĹҰ˲֪Ҳ֮ӣֻ֪ٴˣԼ˵һû׼Ҫ˵̡

ûУȴȻĬƬ̣ûзѵ˵֪ˣԺ϶ġ

ݺձùŹ֣֪˵ʲôʣ˵ҽ㺦ˣ

΢٬Ц⡣ǶΪ㣿

ݺ룬ûΪԼ̫޶ˣҡͷ̫ˣղȡ

֮ǰݺûʲôӡλ֪ҲûȤ̽ӹǵ¡ʱֻΪôСʮȤԼ֮ٻʲô鷳
ٱõñ䲻аӣһҪвֹһϷԼĵܵʲôüƽϡ

ݺ̬ȣҲܲµв꣬˵ҲŤ˽ţͲҪԺˣõʱ鷳

Ըô˵ʣװӲ˽𣿡

һԴǲмôܻ䣿װҲУһֻøˡ
˵˴ʲôһ˵ūʹһ̶ӣҸ߼һֻǿ϶ûŽһֻèعҲǰè֮ˣ㶨ȻҲϲʱ˲ƽ

ݺ棬ʲô

˵èֲͬ˱֪Ҫ֪ȫǿɾôһֻϡġè

Ըѹô׾˵ȣԭǲϡֻˡ

ȻǣŤͷݺЦޱߵŲ˲ҿΪ˹Ųȵġ



ͻȻڲˣ´󣬴ֵҲֻЩȻֻǵʡģƱһȭͷ޻ϣ֪ô
˵ñԾܵõֻӦҪ˲ǣ˿ȴֻؿŻգ޲׽һȭ

ɣǲһʼûĺԣֻϰƮƮһ䲻ȣŷ
Ȼ˿ԣҪ˱˵֪ô˺ôġ

Լ׽ݺԺ

Ϊ˲ҩݺԴ̹εͷһȥ˜Ժӱѡ֮ǰΪ£˜ǲڵģԴһ˷
˜ԼҲ⣬ԸԺӣԺԵ¡ݺпĵطҲĵؽ⡣

ֻǡ顷ֹżݺ˵ɬѶǳ﷦ζʱͿʼ

̫ůɹţżһ߲ӰҲҡΡݺʯǰϸţһֱ׹档ˣſСûķ˿࣬¶һΰ׾ϸĲ۴Ļһܴݻ١

˜ƿִָۣ˽

ҹɽУһƵСڶ߶߶˵໰ܵȵϢھ࣬ķ˿½ʱû̫д
ֱƣߵػȥЪϢμ

Ҳϸ֫绨ľӣԼд΢ӵɤˡ
ѺȥʱԾڶƣʹ

ݺһ֪ͷСһƬҶӱ紵䣬ǡ¶ĺ󾱣ҶѩԱºۡ
û˯ţַȥȴȻеһǴ
Ħ죬ǵܿҶһͬʧˡ

װ˯ţȻñǴĪ̡

˜Ҷߣȴûӵ
µָָ߬Ҷ飬֭ҺȾָġ

ɫƽһֻƮƮַһҳ




12.  ҩ   

µݺΪ˶ܺҩȥ˜ԺӣͷԸ˽ҩ˹ȥ

ʱûҪߵ˼˜˶౸һꡣҩƮʱʶüžͿƶҩŵϡ

Щۣ˵ôҪҩֱĥˡ

˜̧һۣĬһҩƹȥ

ţ

Լࣺġ

ݺɴۣŵΪʲôҵģ

ϴŮҩ˜˵ֲ꣬һ䣬ΪὫȹҩ³˼ݣ㻹Ǻ˵ĺãĥ

ݺдԥԽԼҩ𣬸ɴغȸɾޱ衣

˜ȵùϣҲܵһ㣬ҩ׼ȣһڣθһӿζֱǻѬʡ

ڴʣҵҩǲҪЩôȵɴ࡭

һġ

Ҿûҵҩ࡭СرԹһ䣬ҪѲٺȡ

һԺţѾھݺȻǹûģȸҩܺȵỨ˜üǲҪ̲ס뽫ݺȥˡ

һ̣˜ݺҩ롣

ƴڷȶߵ˵Ҳ¹Ҫҩ˵ȲȣȾ͹ˡ

ҡͷʾٿ

˜ɫ΢ȴûзŭֻһԲݺҩС룬ݺۿľٶһ仰Ҳ˵

΢üȥҩգҩƸ𣿡

ݺɵ㶵ؽӹҩ룬ŷθסһںȾˡ

ҩ֭Ŀɬûѹͷľ

û뵽˜ôֻǺȸҩС£ǷҪʲôһ㡣Ϊ˵಻Ը⣬ظһ룬ȴŶҪ˵˼һֵıȡ

Ҳ֪׶ݺʮá



պ˜ҲæݺȥšΪ˜ָ㣬ӼҵʱûгޱѦĻ¾ڳģΪ˳ﱸ£ҲȥԺİҲûݺǼչöࡣ

ԸޱҪ곤һ꣬Դӻؾͱг߶ճɻ飬Ȼ꣬ھӺ竲ݰһҲϣʱݺԹޱҲһǴ

ڹϢͨұС˽½ѦҵĶѦǸ˾ӣػһңۿź͹½ˣһĹѪ˽ƵһĹεĻɫҲϽ֦ҶĹ

ݺǼѦģ׮ҲԥȻޱ裬ǲϣù޸һƷв˵ӡ

صϴݺãȻлµĿŶȣȴ̲סȥޱ˳֮ǰʹ͸һȦԼĻ

ޱΪ˽ݣ˵ݺԼûһû

ݺƢù֣ƽϣ˵Ѧ£ޱ˽ȥһ顣

ܣѦɵƷ񲻱֪Ҷδţε֪˱ţ²ǿڽҲʹġޱȻ˵ŷ񶨵ĻȴҲûôᶨˣ˼Ĵ̷ֹ˺˵ĻԽ̱ʲôҲҶҵָָ㣬һ輧ŮѦʶλᱳңڻѻҹ

ݺһǿŲƽϣʣ㣬ҵ㡭

ޱһЦҵΪʲôҪˡ״ĶһӻءĴ󷢣ոҪԼȥҰɡ

ݺΪŭɫ԰ףӲתе΢΢

ָģŬסǻŭҶȥֻԼ̲סڳԣŭޱ³

ȥ·ݺߵüģһޱĻһȰ档ĹŮǲߣݺһĿĵߣۿȵӣǿŲԼ·Ͽ޳

ߵˣ˸ٵ̨£˫ۻϥǴ͵֦ϵȸ

ǵԼĸԼĸ׾ǳֻż¶ЦݣһŶֶҲĸ׽ЩŶȼƮĻҽ޵ģ

й˵ĸǸŮˣݺֻܿʹĵطûлȥŮҲС

ݺ룬Ǹжϲ᲻ĸ׾ˡ

ͷǵܸһ˿οֻжµøˡ

ݺĨ˰׼عǡȻ͵ǰͻȻһڣҡŲˤ֪δ˽ʱס

ﵱġ

ݺվȺˡ

ԷűСʮ꣬ĹۣϵŰĸͦεվšȻᣬȴҲܿ࿡ʣŹĹٵȻ֮

ݺȻһ£ͫȻһųһ񣬽ָ΢΢

ʹǺˣ

ݺöˣæɾϴľŹ

شƺû̫⣬ȴͬʲôһ㣬ɾȺͻȻȻ

ݺؼǵԼʶǾسһ

ȭɫżĪľнº͵¹̲»ͥŹ

ݺ䱸ӺͰ¹±Ϊɣǰھְɽ·ԶδҲƽֻǲ֪Ϊζһڴˣʲô£

ݺ룬ǰǸ٣ҲһǲסͲޱĸûʲôĻᣬЩ˹Ҳǲģһ̬ǫ͵ء

ҡҡͷѾˣǴ¡

԰תȹСҪߣ»ͥҲû

һͷȥֻ»ͥվǴһδȻؿǧ޷˵

ͻȻһ˺ѹͷ̲ס˾䣺㷽ʲôҪ˵𣿡

΢ִۣԸ˳졣

˵ûиࡣ

ݺ֣лͷҲصˡ



Ԫ̫ٴβأ̫ҽҹٽΧڲǰ̺̽ĻӹҹҲɢˣֻʣصݺ

ΪǫƣźʱҲûԹԡ

̫˯ºݺûȥ𣿡

һ£ѿض鲻ãԸңҪʹˡ

ԼĽ㣬ݺҲû˵زõĻȴغᣬ̲סʣ˵ҵĲãǹˣ

ɵ˵δҼǵ㽻࣬Ҳֻżв졣ǻʺԹޱԸ

ûʳʲôʧ䣬㷴ʣżʲô£˵ʲôܰæ

ݺ̾˵˳

˶£߰̾లο

Ҳ֪˵ĶͻȻʣǰȥ½˾֪ⷿİ˱ŻǴ͸ˣǰЩضв죬ˡȻòϣ֪ɷң

ݺǸﷱصĹӣ̵ȡø㡣ҲǱǸ䡣

Ҳ˵Ǳлˣһȥʹ㣬ƵĻ㣬Ҳο塣






13.     ðǺüˡ


޵ڣ¯ɢɴʰţԼ¶ϾŮ
תè㣬͸

ذӣ˳еĺڷɵĻλεҧҧһ䣺˲ɡȥ

ı飬ֻЦһָĺ󾱣΢ȵָֻĦԾϲ𣿡
˵԰վЦؿء

غ±˰и״ͱ̫Ƕȥ̫뽫ִ󣬽һ档˶֪飬رһ£žǶ˲٣ֻʣ¹

ʿӵܣҲɣԴذ˳ҲûвȺãΨһȱΪ̫Ű˳뽾Ĺ෴ѾϰȥżҪ㣬ҲֻǺƢغȰ

Ȼһ﹫ڸУϲţȴһ̬ûڸޡ
رΪԼںȴûվͷƢˤĶҲˡ

ظ˦⣬Ҳ֪ô˾ֺһϳԷˡ
еĿ࣬ʥ˶ҪòĺƢ

úʱѾԸ˱ˮų鰸ǰ飬߰һľϻӡ
ƿӣߵǰҲʣֱӽϻӴ򿪣һֻɵİ˱Ĺӡ

бʵĶŪģ

£ʵش𣺡ݺǰյʹͣ˵Ҫ˲źÿġ

ݺ͵ģʱͱˣֱӽϻ߷ڵأʲôĶҲŲϡҪ

㲻ΪʲôôأҲȥϵĶ֮ͣαؽݺ֮ǲʲô᣿ҲǸˣһӦӣҲѰ֧ӡ

ЦһмӣѰ㾡ϣҿҲҪ

üɻض֪ʲôӣ

ѹ»׼˯㷴߶߶˵ݺ˵ĸ֮ǰøҪȥʹȥ÷˵ջˡǰΪ¿޵۾ˣôضҲ֪

ƱӵͣڰգعɫŹ֣ʵ㷽˵ӡޱˣ

ͷŬһ£˵Ҽǵûݺ˵ǰøҪˡ
˵ͼصıˣӾ쵽Ȼŭ˵ּǴҧĳݷ͸ġ
ֱָݽ죬ððޱҲѹˡǺð



þǻʵٳ
ݺĽˣȴΪ纮ںҩòȥϿڼ䷢˲¡̫ų˽ǣһˣƽļλϳԼƽ
̫ȥͬ鱻ΣԺķȥ飬³ҪңֱѪЧȡ

ƽ£öûǰϢϢأĸҲܵǣλҲѧûˣҲԺԲ
ݺ黹ûȻĪͲȥԺˡ

ֻǺԸĸ㡹ְԸҲӷѡѹ˭Ҳùϻʵڼ׼Խݺһɢġ

£Ը΢ʺˣݺѻϲظߣǰʹ˜ûҪӴĶֻعԼ
˹źûԶһӭһܿ⸻ǹʽæԸ˵ˡߣýйС

ƿӿһ·Ƽ򱱽δҪӣͼһ̽ԴϲŵĺСβΡΡذڶҪһ㡣

ݺײҲһӵСá

Լ֮ǰݺȥūĺ׵£ٻǾеǸΣһ뵽ûӦǵξͲʣˡôûֻޱʣȥĶ

˵ǻڣ

ǰڹӦûѰףӣίͰ͵ؿԼͺϼ֣˵Ȼ˹Ҫйӣǵ

˵ֶԸˣͶտţɳʲôΪݺû棬ƭˡ˵ӣﳤȥ

ԸüȻ˵ﻹӡ

ݺҲûعֻŵͷ
ӦһŶԣôͻȻ˵ˡ

ȻǧԸţǵСܿͱ׵߶ȥˡǰףĶʢʱڣʱջࡣһգСӿִ߽ƷòͬĻһޡ

ݺû⾰ֻʮʣӼ£ûþпŻͯС׷ؽкţƯŮɣһǮһ֦˻ٵɾ

⿪Ǯ׼óȻСͯû£ʵˤڵأһӻü֧·˲ˡ

ݺͣԸôˣ

ͯΪ˸һˤˣȥǮɡ

ԸסúţڵһĺӣӳСӳȥԼ񵽾ǣԼȥʲôأôˡ

ݺҡͷûзǽݸߵߣǮ͹ȥûƿӶͯ
һݺڱ˴ãΪлҪȻһƣȷʵЦӯӯؿ
Ӵ˵һλòŮһǺأԭǾŹǿ˻١

ͯŵӵݸҪ

Ըûôһˣ

ΪȻҸǮǧˣʲô

ϲӣ֦ƿӾֽӸ·ˡš

οŵССĿռ䡣

ԸûС
ѣλȴûƵĳ֡

ŽߣڵĶ˴˵ʲôģƽգҲűɵլۡ㱧

ݺ˵е棬̲סСԸ𣿡

ԸȻмȴҲûз񶨡ʲôҫġ

ԸɫãݺϾܾҲգЦҵ˿ҹ

ˣԸɫǵûתãأղҪ̫͢Ʋȣƽͷã¶ԽĻǣ̰һżȻ˵ƽʵȨ죬Щǰʲôһŭʬ򣬺οһƽ

ݺɻƽ˾ʶ𣿡

ɵҲʶˡߣϧµ񱻶ҲûӣʱʾһֱװɵֻҪâҲܱܹȥء

԰ռݺ˼ģΪƽĻ˵˵ƽլۡˡ⸮ۡһ޳ɣ̫ĸ壬ľڣǲǵԹš˼ңլۡգƽй͸µкЩջٵĵطûء

ݺһǰ̫йصˣжڷ̫ӵ˽ۣҲЩʮֲֻСԸǾʣأ

ԸʲôԸ˵ֻĪҪˡ






14.  ż   СݺǧҪǵá

仨ںܻӭŮٶ߶Ů׷ΣЯһͬͻ̤иŹѡ񣬷ŮӽԿɲ롣μѡŮҪСŻӺӵоʱӵվˣ˭ͰеĻ֦Ĵлʤѡ 
ҲйΪòŮӣеĻൽװ£ӮͷùУ˸šѡȴΪ˴ٹ˵ϷΪѡò檰ˡ

ݺԸȥ֣һοľ󣬼Ⱥв֪룬Ըֲɿ±ɢ

ʱʱй·˳ݺͶĿ⣬ԸСȤڿء

ݺòˣŬԼЩĿ⡣

ԼҲһ趯ǵľɫ輧ʱʱĻϿݺûܼ̳еĸ׵Ĳ飬ҲͨɣֻòĸסֻԼ·ܴ˵Ҫ࣬յĹ⣬ȴĿֻ˾ů͡

ݺδϱõŮӣ뵽Լ
֪ʱǷҲɻ֦䵽ԣʱϲԵӣʵĸ˹

ʲôأԸݺ˼ŽüΡ

븸ʵҪˡ

Ըͷ˵ǵǣѾˣи׺ֳģҾͲùˡ˸ʥϵĺ񣿡

ʱĸ˼̳ƣΣ
ĸһ֮ʲôϡûǮ࣬ҲòʲôöǵðʱԼںԺ̳÷ơǰЩ˺ģ˵Ƚ÷ȥժһƣźȻ¡
̳µӾо꣬Ҳ֪ڳζôʱ͵ȥˣҲȡ

Ҫ

ڶӣӽҪѲġȥΪ˿̤Ų˵¹ʣԸ˼ɵûдݺ˶ĵطѡ
·ײվϣ˷ܵһﴬӻԼϵĻӾ˻Ҫϵһ£ԸԼֳ˲棬ȥҪʲôŮӰס

ݺӽֲϰ˼һԭص
վһڿ̽Լ˼˸ط·߶С̯һϹ˸ʽߣв԰ȵģҲġ
뵽Щ˲Ŀ⣬ݺָָūߣʵҪǮ

̯ںһߵĿͼ˵Ż󣬱һǣ˵һģҪ𣿡

ͷȥԼǮ˼˸գ̯Ҳţ㬵̾ҡͷǮȻǽ˸ȥˣС´οɵõЩ
˵̯ͼˣݺɥӣȷҲˣֻתȥҪߵʱ̯ǰһͻȻڽס

ݹ»ͥȵؿ࣬ȷû˸ţɫЩáöһˣû˸𣿡

ݺϴμ»ͥŹٷֻһ򵥵ҳۣһϳɣôҲڣ

»ͥһݺע⵽߻һǣźӵĸˡ
¹ٽЯ޶Σ뾹ڴ

Сͷ˵һʲô·ۣƾҪݺæ֡ڹͲˣ˲عҡ

»ͥɫأһ飺Ƕһˣ

ݺ֪ôģϤ˵ʱȴһĪϣʶ飬һֱѵĸо
ҺһġС˵򱱽С㣬һ

򱱽֣ɫ˲٣ֽȻˣмˣĪȥ˶ദ߶𷽲ݺվ̯ǰʣҪߣ

ҵǮ͵ˡ

һȻˣҪĸ

ݺָָǸɫģЦСҵôϲ֣

ش𣺡Ҳñ˶ҿ

»ͥԣҲ֪ʲôįȥˣ˵ҲǸˡ
̯Ǯ̷˿ۣݺʱһ롣

»ͥߵݸݺ󣬽ǮҲһţοɲҪŪˡ

ݺѣ͵¹ﻹЩǮŰɡ

Ǯл»ͥĶӴ·̽ͷͿҲƺֻꡣ

»ͥƺЩģ˵ҹв̫ƽǵЩȥ

סˡ

ɵĶҪȥƣֻóݺһ񣬴޶ˣ߻ͷΣȷվԭûеߡ

ݺϣи̾ɾȻôԭȻ˵̲Ĺˣǲܶԡ

ãԸҲûȺͻȻ궯һӰȥƺˮˡݺˡ̸ƺйΪһִȻ¶ȥ֣ݺȵȲԸȶվˣϰʱļ硣



ȻһŤͷʲôԸǸĹһûȥһбɤۡ
ժߴЦ

ˣתҪߣסӡհİ㡣

ƭҡݺš

ûƭˣղŵˮֳæء

ݺƭˡ
ոǿǽӣ˭ͽˮȥ

Цøˣ۾
⣺л佱

Цˡ

¿ȥ˰ɣ



ؽ·ϣݺ֪㡶ǸãҪǹķˣֱˡ

ûС˲֪˶ٹĺɰҲФá

ݺʣͺɰ𣿡

뵽ǶǸ߸ϵģͬޱ֣ɰˣôŮԶ֣˽ЩҲˣҲ⣬þͲŮ졣

ݺûʣĦߴֲڵıԵ֪Щʲô

صݺȻһʪܵ㡱߱

üգȻݺڹڶվͻ˹

ԼǰסĹƫƧ䣬ҲûкúݣҲͻķȥݺ̴Źȥھ̳ӣ·λҲǲ壬ںԺصĿӣ͹ŮԸڣһ󰲸ֱɫ˲ҵ

̳ӱ¶ڿУǳѾõͻȻ֣һʱ両ͷĲϲãһɬС
ݺȻһ˲ԺﾹȻԼ̳ʱ˵Ļ

СݺǧҪǵĶˣԴԺҪڳġ

ζԻò飬ֲǲǴΣ̳ƵѾˡ

¾̳ϵɤӺȻЩɬһɡ

;ˣ

ˡ




15.     ͣµ

ӭһꡣ

ݺھ̳ӵʱ̸ͷѹѹƲ㣬ȻҪһˡ˵ǰŻϴһа׹˸žͿˮ½мֺˡ
ûھ̳ʱͷ

ŵöݺĻڵ𣬹һݺ顣Ϊ´ںȣ˽Ӵ͸·ڶߡ
ż죬ԲС̫ŵһ飬ЩûԵȥԵĹŮǷ׷Ц
ô´ףЩŮӶ㵨Ҫ󡣡

Ī˿£Ȼʲôף

Сⲻգ´ôˣûҧ㣬㲻ǻ³棡Ц𣿡

ݺʢŵĵĵƸЦʲôЦ

С̫лһչֻ󣬼ŮЦ

ȴҡһЦ۴ƣ˵Ҳ֪ʱͣôһҹͥжҪˮ˵ý

ôȷʵò˷ѣһˮ߶ʱͻʪȹЬ࣬·ҲҪӣЩҪɻĹ˶ļˡ

紵֦ҵذڣԭ׳֦ⳡﶼԵôһ׹˸ݺʶ˻﷭˸
ǵ˜ϲ꣬Сˣ´ܻ꣬᲻ȽŴ

ݺӡУ˜ǸƵˣʱǶģٳĪǵõҲ˴꣬˜üͷ壬Ҳźƣܵγˮ

뵽һ㣬Īˡ



ֵХ

˜￴飬ʼվԺв߲档꽻ӵĺз·˿޺ҽУۣǻɢȥѪɺӡ

ȡ

߽󣬾ͼ˜üģƣ롣ȥ常

ûü𿪡𨻹ǼίߣŻᱻӣҲһʱû
˜Ųݲɨ۾ͷ¡

ȷɫƺˣƬ̣ڣҡ

ɣһҹδͣЪ
磬ǶԹͣΪҹ̫󣬹İˮǵһɨĹ˲ֻøȥ裬ݺֺ˵ļһ˶ˡ

̿ϴвݺζԺӶǱ籩֦ҶݺʲӣһԺˡ
յϻˮǲȥģװҲʮ⣬ͷ˿ֻһţ˼Ʒ˿Ե
µ̳Ӿƣʱı⡣

һҹĴݲУ˜ԺͬһƬǽ壬Ƽ¾ʹˣ˜ķԸȥ
˜һҹδߣͿʼȣҩ˯¡ȿڲԣֻݺʾ˯Ƶݸȣ˵Ǽĳ𣬺š

˵ݾʹһԣæŽȥݺվ⣬þͷ˵ˣɤƵˣ

˜Լݺ۾һҲھֱӽˣûüס

ϣش˼멣԰׵ɫȴüԽѩᾶپһù÷

ݺԼĵǣЩ𣿡

޴󰭡꣬Ŀڷȱŵľ̳ϡǡ

͸ľƣζӦò̫˿տԳûᵽԼֻ򵥵˵һ䡣
ݺȥĺ󱳡

˜ֻܸܵĺ˳ᵽԺԲơֻǰýˣܸܵµķ˿䵽Լձߣɨ΢΢⡣

м㣬ӵζ˜΢ɲؽһ£ܿɫ̹Ȼ˵ûˡ

ݺջ֣Ŀⵣǣſһѵûȥˡ

˜ŻЪϢ̫ͣȷʵã»ĺϳ˳׼ˡ˜ͷлɨϵĴӣĿ΢΢һͣʱȥ

ݺߺ󣬷ȱ̳ƣԥŷĶ˜˵óȥˡ



ʵʮʮ¡أϯĳ˻س³ŵһʿȻȴҲҶԹԡ˴˶ʥϵ˴ĺ֮꣬ԽŹ֣粻׽֮ǰѾΪ˽˻𣬽ɵ̫˵ɱɱˣƽʹȥﲻϸ

Զ޵Ĺ幫ӷػ˾ڼλʢװĽ಻ôۡޱһԹ࣬ݺ˿
ε׼˺ܾãݻɣյ磬ƷĵҲȻ򡣼ˣĳݺֻǴոֶѣҲ𲻵ʲôãֻĬĬԺúȺá

ԼΪѵýۣһʢᣬŮҪװһʺͷ˿Ƕʯķ׹ڣԹһλεĽҡҲǸиһȥɼˡ
ݺĴޱϹһµ׹ӣžſűʯûһͬɫ

̲סĸ̣˱ˣȻǹԼδԵ̫һ

ݺĹ񺣬ţ˶û˵һߵأ̬ȹ¾ƣϸغ˵

ҲֶܸܵԱȣɸơ

Ϊֺûʵģƽ԰ߵҹӶҪʹõʥϵСǴǰǰǣֻ˸˜ĿҲλ紧Ķʦϡ

ޱѻҲˣϧݺԶ˜½Ƕ˴룬ݺ¶ǣտʼȣ֪ʱȥˣԽȤȻĵؿʼݺֻɰͰ͵ģŵŤͲ
㿴ޱ׹𣿡

ݺ˿ܲŷӦںԼ˵
ˡ

˵ĶҲǲӻЦһ֮Ա

ݺףʵʲôˣ

͵ʣǷ̫֮ŮĶ񣬾䵽ޱǶȥˡ
԰ѹøˣ˵Ӧʺķ׹ˣ֪˭ģ

ݺ²λ̫ģ

Ƿ̫һǱǸλ̫׼ķڣĶһľˣҿ˾ֵҲûӣҲȰһȰ
ĸ׽磬˾ֵŮ٣ȻѾҲס̫Ȩı֮ʧߣʺΪǽսƷͷҫǼ̺ҲѹôûܰѶ̨档

ķǻʺµģȻǧԹѵݺǸˣͽﲻ˵̫Ӽλˣܵġ
ݺֻ֪šصͷ񺿪ʼԹԼżҡ

ΪûϼƽĲƽ˵˹άѹ˲챦ϡݺ֮ǰӲͷƤȻ±ɫȴʮֽţȻǱģڳϻʱֶ΢

̣ҶɢҲ翪ʼôˣ׷׺Ͼصʥϸ

ݺԴ˯ûпʲôֻȻһŭ⣬羪һŵ˹̽ͷȥʲôֻĸ𺣬ƤΪŭ΢鶯ŭصָ֣ŭ𣺡ˣ£

˲ԣֻܴӻ߬ϿʲôŻҪˡ

Ȼ֪ô£ֻ֪ɪŹ£ΪԼĻ̫ŭʥæ

˲ã׷ʲôһûʵôŭʱƽվʵ¿ɷ񽫻ͳһۡ

ֹĶ亹޴ؿ常ֿһԵֳŴɫأֻ񰲸

ϽĻƽҲҶ㣬ڵϺ
ȽȫȻչͫһ־޷Ƶزͨڵϣ󺰣ԩȻݺ

³ͻȻ˜ķӦݡʵǰŭһߵƽָ˜ŭ죬ɨһȦĳ˵ҵҪ˭ᣡ

˜õĻּֽԶһ£ʮأλ꾪

򵥵ʮ֣꣬ɫ

ʮأָʮǰﻪ֮ͥ䡣

̫ﻪͥ磬ΪıﱻͶƣ̫Żȥĸף٣ƽ塣ı̫޶һ⡣̫ӵһͬһˡ

Ǳ죬ڲ֫ϱۻһˮѪɺӡɵֲסŻש
պʬ̫Դҹ˳Ұ£ƮϿ䲻ɢƣ·ܶŵиŵĽ
ĺڻɽҰĲľ϶һ˼跢Ļм

УΪݡ

ĵǰһҲòʵ¾ʱĺ

˿̿·ˣ˿˜˿Żʵۣ˿Źڵϵƽ֡Ȼǵͷ˭ҲҿװԼʲô

֪˶ãĻʵڿڣӥĿϣ˵ѹʶϢ
ʲô˵ģ

ֶԽ˵˵ˣҪ޳ֻڵϴԩɽɣιʳı֮ԣ治֪ʥ죡

Ƭ̣תһ֣ŽƵ۹Ķ
Ρ

ʵ۰ڼݻعȺܾޣһٺı飬мء
˜дı֮Եֽû̫Ӧͬ׼ϯ

̷ˮĹŮ̫һɫ԰ףɸƵģиֱӿ˳ײֵù£ҹûӹˡ



ҹ£ϰϰƫƧĹδơ
Իڵĵ·ϣ˜Ĭþҹλ꣬ʹŰ£ȴ˾ҹɫһ塣

·ƫֺڣԶĹƻ𣬻޵Ůɾ̸Цߡ

Ũīҹɫ˜ϣǰ·ۣɴݣ̤̤ڿݵʯשϡ

ãֻԾ׵ĹһٵĽŲŲҡײںҹԾſ

ݺСţһߴһߺ

ȵң׷ˣϢųס˜䣬ʮֲҿ׷ˡ

˜û˵ֻԭأץԼ䱧ԹЩ㱵롭

ͣµ

Ӧǰɡ





16.     ֻΪԼı

ڰ˵ĸйԽ

ݺ˜ܽųһ嵭ľ

·̫ˣôȥݺ˜󣬲ȵƽשʯһ£ײĺ󱳳ʹƺһ

˶پƣ
·߲ȡ

Ľ˵˺ܶ໰ûעͼ¶ˣûϸӦɡСֹãµһƺûκӰ졣֪ȡҶĶˡ

ΪʲôҪ
˜䵭ڰҲɫݺ²ҲΪıʲá

ΪߡЦмɵȻ֪ºڣҾûҹ·á

ָۣսɿȴ֪λش

ҹٿէ𣬴ި֦ͬȵ

˜ڽµϵûʲô𣿡

ȻУкܶ࣬˜鲻ãѡҿ𣿡

˶٣ŵԡ

ƽй𣿡ݺֹڵϷЩ̡Ҳôķʽʾʲô
Ϊ˜϶Ĵ𰸣ȻֻһģɵĴ𰸡

¹Ҳ۶ϡ

̾ŵԹҾûʲôʵˣ֪ʲôأﻪ֮ͥʱҲһ꣬ҶܹӲһͬҲٸꡢȼݽڹɼ֪֮ҲǸԼ¡

ݺͷ˿ڳգҲŵͳȥ
⹬ʵҲûôá

˜Ȼһ죬ǹأ

ݺ⣬˼ú棬ȴʼûܸȷеĴ𰸣ú˵ʱΪԼò̹ɼҲͨҪǧٱеһжݴҵġгһҲǹˣָȥδЩʲôأ

벻𰸡
ΪǴСȸʳ̼һ뿪ûι֪ôҪôڷѩҪôҰҰè̳븹

ݺĽŲ࣬˜һ۲Ⱦ˳˪Ҳǰѩ÷Ĳ֪Ͻˣʶ˵ĲҲμѡ

µ±ѹϴĹ˲֪ʲôֻݺŻȥɵغʲôȤ¡ݺ뵡ݲ˵Ҫϴ˯ˡ
أҹҴñǣʵտʲô£

ݺ˵ŮǼˣٶʲôסõǺڸĸ̬ҷԼûã˭ûáĸײҪʲҪҡλֿͼΣҲɱУңԼ£Ľ㶼ܾȼƶ񡣺ֻ˭Ҳﲻˣûмʵĸ壬Ҳûϲӡ

֪ôͻȻ˵ЩǼ˭ˣĺ󱳣밲ο䣬˵ΣҲԼȥ󲻹˳죬һġûҪҰĸ壬ûҪұˣǵػž£ֺαӹš

ҪοֻǶ̶һʱԼͨԼ

˜žޣƽӹɢ͸Ϊı

ᣬֻΪԼı䡣



µ϶̶̵һ֣óñ졣ƽ飬֮Ļ̻̣֮ǰ˽δã˲㣬ʵƿڴ̫Ӷϴ

ƽĵֱεȴƽȨǰﻪ֮ͥĨȥ۵㣬ۣʱΣƽ֮١

УͻҺСɺɱ¿ɺбսĴ̶ӣŴɧű߹ذաӵҲ󰲷֣һҪɳ̫ӱѩޣſбͲϡˡ

һʱڻ֮ϷƹܡĻ岻ὡʣöɺɱ֮ǰ̰۰飬ȴ̫ɱˡƽͷ̫ʢעҪⳡѡ

ƽգʵʼûмһ棬ȥֵ̽Ҳؾˡ˿ȥȰ䣬лȻִֵس

ؾƺ϶ϷݺǸܺõߣ˵񺲻˿ЦԼʱȥϴݺ߿࣬˳˵¡

˶˵ƽ֣֮ʥҪȨ̫ƽһҶȨǰܱ̫壬δزٴı档

ݺȥ˾¾֣·ɿ˶̴ӡ
ˮɡ

ݺӭ۱ˮʪˮ˳޷£ֱͦ

ܹ˺ܶ࣬߻հͽƽڣûһ˸ǰɡ

輥ЦһҪǸˮ
ҪڣͼԶһµɾ߽ĬĬ˻ȥ

ţȻһ˿

߱ˮģˣ걻ɡɡ׵ˡ

ɡ㡣ݺֻ˵һ仰ûжຮѰοȷʵ뵥ؽһɡѡ˵ɡݵŮɡףĹС˵ʲô

Ƶɡĵ¶ȣܿȴˡ
̧ͷһ˫亮ңңԡ

룬Լûеλʦ




17.  ɥ   вԱУӹô֮


˺һ꣬ת磬¶Ҳȥˡ

ǰ󹬵֮ȴûһͬɢԴµһº󣬻ʵŷʿŲԽ˴СƽȨ󣬳ԱȴнʿΪƽ˵飬Ҳ۷׷ס
˜ΪʦѾвﰵȥҹϣʥǰ˵仰˜¹̬ò˸̣˻ƽǷơ

ȻвҲòϣ˜ĸʵۺͿ̫Ը˜֪˶ˣȴҲӡѾŵô뿿Ϊķʽ£

֪Լ̽˜ļ󣬲٩˵ŮòȢܽߣҲҴ壬ǰһʹӦ˰ɡ

˜ڿӣֻЦһϿʹıߣƾײ£Ҳӹų֮

ִ£Ҳû磬ֻЦ㲻ԸҲ޷ҲǸöѶӵȢȥ˼ңҲ֪լΰŮӦҲǸֶεģ˸ָ׬˴Ǯ̼֡

˜šһöӵָûһ¡

ǰЩ˰µ꣬Ҳ̫ƽ֮ˮׯڷ˴Ƭнڶʹ볯ᣬͼѹѣڶʹϢ͢ʱ򣬰ʧԹ졣

뾩˰ˮ֮ضأ洦ţķݣϾǷ޽ƣϰͣ˴ʢ̫ƽһȴضǡ

ݺ֪ȵˮΪ񺣬̫أҲΪˮȻȥˣ˾С

֮ԲͣԭΪӵܣй̫࣬żҶ񺼸ޣδУ檣ŷңһֱ

Ҫ񺱧ԹҪȰƣ檵ģֻںݺ˵ʱݺɵվߣһԹȰӭšǵٲΪݺ΢ʱֻۣɡ

Ԫ̫ٴβأݺڲǰ̫áźҹȥȵʱغ㶼ڡӳճӰϵ̫۾΢ţзŻʱ΢ʱУվɫһǱڴʯʱʱصĦ
Ԫ̫ϲľأǻʺ游ݴʷײԪ̫ΣԲˡҹʮֲԸ䡣ǰֻ߰Ƣ̫һϢڲ齣Ҳء

̫ҽҹҲֻǿҩί籸º¡
㿴سŲȥȰȻȥЪϢ̫еСݺһҹڣŮȰ˼Σûȥ˯

ʱ˿ֻǾ޴룬ⱻо޴ãѹȥ˻еΪ̫ÿһκǣࡣͬĸҲָı䲻κµС
ݺ֪ôֻĬ̫

һֱȴĵƻ䡣ͨӼݵݺ񺣬Ҵ߽ĸ

ʵֻݲƽߵԪ̫ǰ˵ЩʲôһԵ߾ȳȥ

Ժʯϣ̲ס˸Ƿžɫݵؿܣû߽źԹһһˣҲû˵仰Ҳû࿴һۣǶŮ̫ˣҲ֪Ƿ񻹼ǵеڼ

ݺο븸һΡ

ȻĬˣٲ˵һ䱧ԹĻֻͣ̾

ú̫ҲˣԹҲŶŮ١СĵҪǸʲ̫ްҲӰ

ݺŶͷĿϢҲֻǵӦһ䣬ûۡ˵̫ǸµӦþǵʦɣȻҲˡֵʦֵ̫ʦɣõӢҲ֪ʵΡ

ݺۿȥ̫һ˶ڵȺ˜Ҳ΢΢ףǴк

úźȻһѡһŵһŭĿӣͼɫŭӵ߳󿪴ϵĲӶ͸Ųá

ԹæȥҲ̽ˣһۣԥҪҪ£軹˳Żʺ󽻴ĻŸһˡ

һЦ߽̫̽ݺҲ˽ȥ
˿̫ϣȻϢȣȴһ㣬Ҳûʲô顣Դ̫ûʲô飬׵˵Щ׼ߣ̫Ŀȴֱֱؿ˜ѵָָ̧

ɫ⣬˜ҲĿһ
̫ǵʦ̫ǡ

ֻ̫ɫԵãŮ˵̫ӵ²ǣ̫ϴˣҲеģҲ֪ʦϳ˭

ͷ˜֣ˣʦȥ̫û׼ǽʦϳ˼ѣ˵仰ҲԲ롣

Ԫ̫¤֮ŮԶ޾ǣûлعǰԽûټãѣлģĹȥ

˜ɫ糣ǰס̫֣һȥ̫־ɿݵɣֱ۶ţͣ˵ЩһǸĸһֵܣƺҲ߰㡣

Щȥ̴ֲʱ˜ߣ˵һ̫Ѻʦ̡

˜ӦˣɫݵȻûб˲ϵĲͷο̫

ʵòˣݺȥЪһ½һ

ͷڵڳԴ˜һֺ̫Ϳˣץ˜֣ɴ˾䣺ZZȥĶˣ

ݺΪƽȴ˜ɫڱˣкȻƣܿһ˲ɢ̫˵ʲô̫Ȼ红ͯһؿݺͬŮҲӽˡ
Թô̫ǿˣ

˜ɤ΢ƣҡ

ðɣ㷽˵ʲôأ̾˿̫ȥᡣ̫ץ˜ţһѲݺ֡

˜ܿݺԹĿ⡣

һ̫ϢԽƽȣҲٿˣɫƽͣشݺ˿裬˜̫ǣǣǣ̫ۣз߽ͬģĴʻ㡣

ʮꡭ

ݺ߽һ䡣

ӹô֮ӹô֮

һǴɤۼģ紵©ֽ˻籯

вԱУӹô֮

Ųһ٣ɻؿ˜

⻰ָʲôأ

˜࿴Ŀˮ

̫ץȻһɣʹ˶



Ԫ̫ްˣпʼ׼̫ĺ¡

ڵջʵŭȥ£ݺһֱû

ŮǴ֪̫ԴʵһֱԶԡȻڴ֮ǰڻʵۻֻʱ̫Ϊ˺ͰƣԴÿһӹŰĮĸϲӽԪֱ̫ﻪ֮ͥ䣬˳˸ҡ

ﻪ֮ͥУ̫¤ĸҲǣ˱һˣԴҲûˡ

ݺԪ̫ӣҲְ̫

ɥ࣬ݺТУʱʱڿʱԳߵľȫȻ˸ɾ

ŹѼǣ񽥽ɣݡ

ݺ˼˲ȫȻ֪

Զڱ߽ͻʵ㡴ŻݺҲյһļ顣ͻʲҰգΪӱػͰյΣȴ²һؾǡ

ԴӪѾûˣֻż֪ǧ֮ǷȻԼ龩ӣΪ߹ս£ط֮ңңڡ

ݺһɥδ£įпš̫ķɮ͵ˣͷΣֻܳɢɢ˭֪ˡ

ʱ˾Ҳ£ͷҲ̧ؽֿһ飬ȴŲͣˡ

˭ҵŮɣúΡ

һḡݺü΢΢õǴܵľŹˣЩذɡ

׼ȥסݺݲη壬Խ٬ɨ¶һС񾱣ЦԭǾŹ˳ϲҡҾע⣬ò

ŭʵǺˣ

˷¬ϵ¬꣬ɼǵң

ǵá

ƹ¬꣬˵ʲôپߡ

¬Ѭ죬ƺҪȥ׷ŲֱͨԵݺһۣûԹԵ߿ˡ

ȵ˴ݺ˵¬ȵҸ˽ߣʡ̫ø¬꣬ʮֹŹ֣б֮ɫ

ݺҲֱ˵ˡ

¬һҶ¬̫صͬ壬¬̫ǳľڣԺլֻһλˡƫƫӶزˣֻ¬ڡ

ĸ۰ݣиĸıá¬ڷаԵû˸ҵպͼһɫԺһȺɲ㣬¥ȵءϷʥŷ磬ȴҲ˲ٶףĹϲʯɢҡŮɣڷʲôϡ¡

ݺֻӶֻ¬ǧǵ

Ȼһ磬ʣտǺδ˷¬ϵɾ˵Ѱ㡣




18.  ¬   

˵㿴˭ˣ

ڣ̽С¯Ʈ̣֦ƵĴ۷֣СᲦŪҡ
¬бϣϸװ鶤Եϣ׹ǶʯѹޣֻճױҲ͸¶

¬·ڣθ߶䴩ɫӣȴԵеյˣԵ˼ήҲ
ֺã˵һ飺ùãռžŹˣ͸ײܴҳɼҪȢ˹Һ͹ùþϼˡ

¬ϸֱ֮ɫŪ̻ҵĽֱ¬ϡ
˶áӡŹ輧ʲôݣҪôҽĵĻ£úȢŮҪô͹¬ҡλǼأ֪Ͻ졣

¬̬飬ʧΪһˣʱǲֻӽΪɢмںԹһŷ裬ԴŮɼԶ޺͸ˣֻڹеΨһľĸ岻ʱҪڻʵǰ˵ûżҪƽЩ¡

񿴵¬һ|޴ģֻƣ޲øϽȥ

¬귴˵ҪŮù¬ҵĹҲ̣Ҹ˸£ЩŮ﷦ζȢؼҲĥ𣿹ùкãҶԾŹһģȢ

¬Ц

ͬŮģβ֪ʲô޷Ȣ֮ŮԷĸǲ𡣶Ź޿޵˷

п﷦ζŮδؿ

в죬¬û˵ҲҪ˵ǾŹôҲǽųģֺ׽ڱ⿹ͻսα¼νϲȥֺǷӦӦȻȥס
ô˵Ҳ֪Լֶ˵ȥһȦ΢Ӷ֪ܼȥ

ûеõһ׼ȷĴ𸴣¬аԲȴҲ٣л¬ߡ

ԴҹƣӶǴ£īŮӡ̼±һԵˣһʱŮ·
ѵǵûоȤȣͣһʱ¬

õķ¬ϵӣ䲻ù



Ԫ̫̣ݺȰȥϢˡ

һϴͷ˯˵¬ԼԸȥκң˵˼ɼڵڽӼˡ

Ը֪ˣܿͽȥ˼˵ݺǼҪ̽Ҳûš޵ߵʱĥΰοݺ˭֪һ߽ͼСǰĹҶƣϱ˺üֽ

ݺ̧ϲ¡

㲻˼ɼ𣿡Ըü

ڲ˵ģǰЩТ˵ˣܻءҶ˵꣬ͷһֽմŴװƵĽݺ

Ըݺߣ˺üֲֽ̿ŵֽôôࡣ
ŵĹҲֻжǰһţݺţҪ޴ˡ

ұݺһҲЦŴ

̫ޣöȥǰôһ̣Ҳû̫źɥѳɣԶڹҶƣ߰ĳϡ

˵㱻ˣ˭ҵĹӣ

ݺҡҡͷɫҲŲÿˡ¬ϵ¬꣬˵Ǹ˵ӡ⼸նҪϴݷãҶ˴ˣҲ֪ôͶ˼

Ҽǵ¬Ƿʿ

¬ǹֶӡ

Ըĵѹ֣ʲô˶ʹˡ

šüëʮʮʼϸ¬Ŀɶ񡣡¬ϺôҲǳʿ壬ôôɫөСľ壬ȥɵСӷʯɢϼǲ֪ߡ

ݺµΪԼвŻӼߣɵذΪ˶Լ˷ݣպػ¿

Ը֪飬ĹΪλھУ𣿡

һ˵꣬ͱˣҶҲٴһӣȥʲôȥҲ

ݺգգۣʣҿ԰Щ𣿡

ɵûסЦڰ˵ȥϴɾһˡ

Ը͵ȥɣůλȥΣ

ݺܾӦˣǻѣɳȥɢ߶մڵƵúܡ

ǹϴ£ֲʱɨǵˣֻĬĬοԼӦûôɡ

Ϊ̫ݺҲ㴩ʲôɫ֦Ƶİȹ˼źɫۺǳɫ˰÷û̫໨ɫˡ

ȥٵÿ͢ǰյҲҴʱ֡ϴǰ̫ӺͶ軥ۿŻ粻սǼĵģʱӹϵֻӽţѾвٳվӡ

̫λˣʺͶһɱضҪ塣ҪôʤҪôضҪֳʤ

ݺ˽ﲢϣλ뷨Ҳܼ򵥣֪δϲãôû¶۸ʵʵģΪϲŭε˻õȥ

һƥСƵߣݺǣĥ䣬ٳٲԸȥ˶Σȼȥˡ

չãҲ⣬ֱߵ˳ʱʱͷ

ȹǱ𣬽ϵʯײ֮ˮ̶

ݺǰһҷ󣬽ôûأ

˵˭

䲻һɻؿˡ

¬Ц۾гһ죬ͷϴڣĸ˴Сһµʯ

ݺһսޣʲô

¬·оų⣬һӣЦűòˣشȥ㣬˭֪㾹ˡǿԵ֣ⶼ档
ߴݺƣ֫ظݺһķתҪߡ

¬Сˣ޶á

ȥ㲻ңҺˣԱöð֮ղϴ𣿡

ݺӶ룬ǲעֵطͣôѵһξҪ£ûֱ硣

¬ɱñõĽиֱۣͣԵǰڷδ֪ʶ˹֪üѣպ㣬ϲٱ裬ʲô˵ľ˵

첽ߣ¬˵ʲô̲סЩˣһѽֱס޵Դǿ˵ô࣬һԲǷ̫ˣ

ݺ֪ô˦¬꣬ͼƲ֣ȴ߬úܽ

ȥŭɿ

¬Ƽ鷴鶯ΣǲɣЦڿϴˣӿǽҲ˵˵

ѹսЩԽòȺ﹫ӶãڳҪҪ֣˼վ˳ʥסҲȲ¬ϼҴҵϼףöڹ

ݺ¬и̧Сȣʹһ֡

ô˻ᣬݺæҵȾͼҪߣ¬һ䣬ֻͷƽͣ¬꣬ȥʹ¬ˣ

ɫݣľϵĻң˵üȻ֪Ҳҵ˼ʶȤЩ

ЦЦ¬ǲʣȻҲ˵Щˡ

¡

¬Ϊ԰жڱصãƺҲų뿹ܡ

ϴݺûţȥ˴¬ϣˮԹ¬ڷҲйְ˜عҪʼΰ²ĵط١
¬굽ϾѰ֣²طٲ

м˵˳Զ



ʱĵÿãԶضİˡȻˮѾ˲񣬽洦ɼڵİա

˜ƿһλϸбŵĺͬɫơ˳ǰ֡

˜˵Ĳٻ÷ƸǮ

һ𲽣һɧҡ
£

ƳĬ˰ΣӵӣλǮˡ

˜û˵ʣҪ÷ȥǮ

ءִСϣָ΢΢һһµ档

ʵ֪ڣʳ֪衣ǣΪԱ

ȥ޵ңƿȥ˜ѯʵ˼

Ҫ̫

ȵ˵ͷȥЩϸ²

һУصƼݳ뿪˜ӷŲ÷ȸ̫¸ϸ£

ûסƱ
¶һٺõĶûµˣ󶼻ɱ֮

ϸԪ̫ӦˡȾ˲ƽļ١о¬ֶ¬꣬պžŹš
˵һ£˲һʣ˵ȥҲüĿ̫ȷʵ̰īõ£ױڷӺٹжӺҪ򱱽ס

˜ڿˣ˵ȴǣ¬꣬Ƿ¬ϣ




19.  龩   ȥ

¬һҶ󣬵ظ¬ϡ̹໥ӣʵҲʲôϡˡ

˜뾩˷ʵ۵ȥ⣬ԼĿ˽µĹպһ塣

ʮһζﻪͥѪȥ̫ӣȴҲʹòټû룬ڶҳ֮οǵʱȥĶ塣ΣĲ׳ĺнڶʹ˽ӡո˰ѿ಻ԡ

ѱЧȨֿʼŷ̫פ¤꣬кͻ

鳼ӸλҳǴܵĿ̫˻ʺӣغܰٹٳޡҲ߲գҲδܹ

ʵϣŹϷִ

Էתͷ
ԺŵӣȥĭŲͷȥ

常˜ͣǰ

ƳһۣŪĭĵӺЩ𣿡

пɡ

ɡ

ۿǸĺһͦΣ˽տٱӣ˜۵׵δɢԽԽΪԨקٲ

͢ٹķʿȥλǻ¡˿ڲؿյŶҡΡ

ʵκнڶʹᱳѣңǺнڶʹ𣬻ƽϢı棬Щǰ׶Ժнڶʹ֡˜ƽ˵꣬𨷢һ͡

ϻ

䣬˳еľƣ˜ҪߣͻȻ˴λؾ޼ҵĳһ;׷ɱΩдϿԮ֡һ屻ѹû䣬뾩ְǵշһ

˵ɽ½ʶ˵Ź˽ƣ

˜δɾʹ常ˡ

΢üָ״ϻۣѾ֪ôʲô˼֮³òĶȥ

ţ常̻塣



³µûвʲôüĿǴ˺ЩڳĹˡ

ƽ£һֱûбųٽʼĴסҵľơݺһμΪﰴҪ˰ǿžϳͬӵԸС̸ĵһܡ

裬ɸ߸ϣС΢һ򶼲Ӯѹӷɣٸƽѡ

ݺ𵱳Ц裬ûаη壬ֻ갺⡣񲻹£ƽͻȻ£ǰӱȿ˼صʶͷѹĴɽǵֱͦ

Ƭ̺λõĿ̨ȥˣʾǶΧ澡ûԸҲ˹ȥвɽȻһȥ˴ͻ顣

ݺ˺һӦǾԽܡ

費ʲôˣ彾ݣԸھӪŮӣϲڵĻţʺϾʺϱȨ

򱱽û̫ӺͶ֮񣬿ɶӻǱվˡҲ֪ʵôģǴӦ£֪Ѿһĵز򱱽̣ҪôպʵۣҪô̫ĸ󻼣Ҳó

㿴ˣʵ۸ǲ׻ӼڷɱʤΡڻʵиǼƽ£Ϊѡһλʵļ̳ˣںЩ

¬ܲŴȥݺȥˡ

صϴݺɨ鰸㡵ţƽ

㡻ؾᱻվӣǻΪ󹦶ɵһų⡣һٹ龩һжˣҲ֪θ롣

ڵ磬ڸڵȥ˾¾ȡϻ·ȥݺ˵£ͼݺŭؽţһߵĹŮҲС

ôˣϣæȥʡ

ݺɫ԰ףյ΢΢

ŮŭŹĹǴ·ȥҩƿǡ¬꣬ҪǹˣŹߣѹƾҪᱡҵʱڳǻˣȥˡ

ݺ

ɫãǲԸı飬ֻ˵Ҫϴȥ¬

˾žЩ˯ɡ

¬ϵľ֬һ𣬷ζŹѬˣݺܾǹθζ֮ȥֽ¸ˣſԼ޺ۣŵ練Ҳ֪ȥˣ¬꼸顣

ڶȥ¬¬Ҳֻǽ¬ǸԺð˱ݲ¡ݺбƣֻջصҪԼǰ

Ӻȥʱ¬бۿһ˵մҿˡ

ҧгݵΪ֮¬Ӹȡ⸱ģʵڸ¬ȱߡ

¬ɫȻһĿҲ̡빫θɣٲ¬Ҳֻһӣպһ¬Ψһļ絣ԼȢ˹ǹʡ

һƢȻ˻ҲǺҲޣѱ޹ȥعѡ

¬ϲʳʯɢʯɢɥ˲ǰ¬˾Ķӷʯɢһڡ˵ʲôҹŮԼ˳Цɥλȥعѵķ˺һ̫ظ¬̫¬

¬ΪǱѡ
֪˲࣬ݺҲǴ̽ʱǴ֪ǡ֮ǰڷְ¬ӡ󼫲

ݺ˵꣬¬Ȼ֮ǰЦģ
ҵţ

˶òᣬˡ

գݺûп¬꣬ԼĴţ˵סį¬ҹ˽ᣬԼ練

Ϣ̾žͿʼȰǲѹ㣬ֻ˵ﻣˣ㲻Ҫţôڲסˣ

ݺίߣ˵Ϲ࣬Ľ㶼ˡԷﴫףȴѡ
ɻȴԽ̻Խյ

գݺƲ˴¬ﲻᱡϷŴαܺ߳ŭƵˮȾϷ纮²齡

ҥԱ˴ഫЩʱݺ¬̬˿֮¬˵Ʒ֮ǰݺ̼į˽¬ķԷﲻƣ¬ӺԻҲ̫Ǳ߶ˣ¬ѵ

¬ٿĪ磬¬ʹҪطٲ

ڴ֮ǰ¬ݺ֪ڹвӣ۸ҲҷǲȡֵĶΪԼڹп޿˽ͣ˭֪һС

꣬ݺϴУ֣ϲ˲ī

¼Ĳȴɹ۳ּپͨ
ϰ˭֣

ݺ󣬴ǵʦ֡

ûд𻰣ĬһԥҪҪ

ݺʵ¬𣿡

ͶԲС̫ˣӦһ䣺˵ȥˣǷǱ߳¡

ݺҪͷֺȻӦǵʦҲˣ

һС̫࣬ͷε˵ҪطӻطӽսӦڹӼ࣬湫黹˰ɡ

ԽģԼȥáȥӳһŮߡ

û˵Ҫȥ˜ҲͲˡ

ݺճƫ··ҲˡӦûڲУ߶ǰҲпطӵ׶չԺ٣ܴ˺ٲ뵱л

δߵԺ˽ס

̲Ʒ٣۵ʽʹǰҲһͷûдڵһ֧ľţüۼŷζ
ǲ𣿡

Ծȣô֪

ǵ֮ǰǴ䣬ô𣿶һ٣Ϊζ֪ô

Ŷһ˵ⲻǲŴ¬ھ̲أ˳˵˵Է

Цʣ̲˾£ҪиҲǿԵġ

ٲǸȨı˽𣿡

⻹ǲǿڹϡάĶȥҵʦ

ȥطӡ

ǹȥˣǰ˵˻һʱˡ

ݺȻؿ飬Ůοģպټ

ҪݺȻ˵ȥҵʦͬ·𣿡

ֻܵͷ־ˡ

ݺ٩ô˻Ʒ

ƷµƷϣšЦЦȥʵʦ



ľͥԺЬbԺǰݺŲһ٣ʦ٣

ƽƺѾˡûġ

߽Ժӣȿǣ̾ȥͨһû

üûˡ

Ƭ̺˜ߵһϮۣⰵؿʣЩ𣿡

ţ΢ӦһžͷӦ˜һЩҥˡ
̫鷳ԵͷѾްˡ

ɫƺ鲻ãĿƵϣüûôˣ

һҭ˿ݺֿ˿߷ߵ˵𣿻ôʲô

к£ûݺ

ȻҲ֪ôش˜̬ƺ֮ǰ䵭ࡣҲȷʵûʲôֻʶֻϲһ

ݺɥشۣ˵˵ؾˣֻ㣬Ҫ²ܼ𣿡

˜ͥǰ΢΢һɫƽ

ĬΣǷ˵ûС

ݺ̧ƳҲƽˣ˜һۡ

˜ͷƽۺۣ´𡣡

Ȼ

ݺ飬ѯʣп𣿡

ݺҡͷ鷭ԹԵⱾעȻҲȤҾǿŽƵģҲ𣿡
ûע⵽˜ϸۺ󣬱黺ͣǲٿ

ݺ̧Եؿôˣ

˜γӶϣһʱҲĬˣֻһƿۡ

˜ʲôսһۣžͺεسЦôһ

ݺҪͼ˜ޱؿڣȥ




20.     㶼ôˡ

ݺɻؿ, ֪Ĵǵ˜ˬˣôͻȻͽ

ͬɻȻʳ, ˜ֻԷ΢΢, س鵶ǰһּΪǿӲҺķʽϳԺӡ

վͥ, ܻ, ŭҲżֹ˼, ƺ˜

˜ջ, ǳҳ, Ҳ֪뵽ʲô, ˼ƺԶȥˡ

ݺŷĶ̵֦խָ, ¶Сɿɰӡ

ƿۣнӹ

Ҽɺã

ɵصͷ, žʣôͻȻҪߣ˵ҲѵõĲȡ

˜һĨЦ
̫롣

룬ԼӦҲòĶȥҪ˵, ǱȲ, Ҳ֪˜ʱ᲻Ҳˡ

ݺʱ, ˜䲻ǴĶģ

Ǵطģ˵ԼشĹ±ݺָָǱдעĹżǹ±Ҳ֪˭ҹĴڹżдֻġ
˱ңθƱضϸأ³ҧҪϧ˿ڹ±Ϳһ, ضðɡûעԭǰ˼һٴٲͿһ

˜ĻĬĬ鶪Լ鰸ϡ
տɻã

ỹãһݺ뵽ӵ£鰸ָһ

һҲű仯ʱʱһҲã㲻ʱչ﷢˺ö¡Ͷ˻Լĩͻɻ顣߽ңֻزˡ

˵¬꣬ҧгݣǱǼèߺȴûʲôԡ
¬ֶ¬꣬һ֪ߵ竣Ҳ֪ʲôʱܻطȥ

˜ɨһۣ˻ż޵İζˣҿġ



ɲյӳӰԺŷ紵ɳɳ죬紩룬Ҷ䣺ͿɬҩһմȾݺȹ½

ͷң˜鰸Ͽ飬Ҳ֪˶ã͵סϮֱſ˯ˡ

ȵҩȴ˜ŷ±׼ҩ鰸Ǳ߿һۣŷݺѾ˯ã黹û£һֱֻ۰봹ţŴڵķ΢΢ҡΡ

һĻҩʡ

Ǻٳû£ī۵ʼ⣬ֽοһڻԷط±üģԼϵ𣬳鰸Ǳߺ˯Ůȥ

˜վ鰸ǰһؿݺ

ɴѵ̿ȹصĻꡣ΢΢ţīɢ£¶һذĺ󾱡

ݺϵֱӶѵһ¶źƵСۣ滹ű̵ӡ

˜еߣʱȻĺ

ֻС䣬Ʋֻһֱš

һ£˜ŷſϣӡī

˶٣ȻʧЦὫ۴ϡ

㶼ôˡ

죬һ̾Ϣΰ㲻УٿԶȥˡ



ʱڣѬݺʱҹȵ˯ţϴĹһӣݶǡ
ͣŮ̫Ҳ

ھˮõĹϹȡк˵ݸݺߵĹһԡ

ҹĻŷǣ˽ֻ꣬ϴݶһˣÿﶼŹϹݺмԺϣС̫ࡰϡؽһ˵СıһѶ

ŮһƣǹĶͣ㻹Ҳ⣿

С̵̫ͷǣ˵öԡ

ݺЦ䣬ЦȪȣӶŲæסһСȥһԵĹŮ˵õ˶ԺҲ֪иʲô

һ˵꣬Ҳ׷׸̾

ǣûʲô۶Ժ۸˿ô죿

ôÿֺã˭ݵ۸ٺ˵˵

ߴߴ˵ͣݺһԱŹϿͷǣһ̰

ݺǳǳش˸Ƿ˵ó࣬һȥ˯ɡ

ȥ˳ְѷϵҲˣڱе˵࣬ôôࣿ

ȻҲҪץģèֳӦ׷˰ɡ

ݶȥݺ޵ں飺ǲϴʳ̫ˣιֳˣҪҰ͵ʦʮ£ˡ

Դؽһë򡣡

ֱֹݺ׼˯ˣʣĲԼĻ𣿡

ݺźһŷ˵ôҪأҵҲûӣҲǲ֪

εϲʦѵ֪

ݺһײˣͷҲûðܲԼ˵Ҫ޸ϲˣҪҪǲԸȢңҿôأ

뵽ܣ̲סѹҲŵͳһ𡣡

ԽԽζݺҲųģȻڹżż䣬ȴҲûܹʲô࣬ҲǽʳĽ

ݺԼ˼ϲһ׽͸ˣûûʧаɬǵǡ

ϲˡ

ݺֱӣҲ֪ʲôһŻش
ģŵ;ֱɴʺ۾һ纮ǡ

Ҿϲˡ



ɽ̣ƣɽڣޱ޵ӡ

ޱԹСͱϳڹ˻ʺ⣬ԵĹò֣ݺǶߡ
ٵޱҪѦɻ飬ҵ˲ۣʮﳤֶźӭױ鶼硣

ȵƻʱݺԸһͬȥͼ޶顣ޱϵ񻨻ʣŸɫʯĽǹĵңһɡ

س޵ʱݺͻСͲǵõʱľˣޱɻų̲ס̾ǺݸǼһΣԺ

ԸӦƽƽǲϲĳ棬˵սңʧΪӦڼʣαš

һ£پԸ˵еԸԺ޸裬ͳȥ
ȵͼ޶齥Զߣݺ׼عͻȻһǸͣ

ӣݺȥĶ

㣿ݺɻ׼ع˯

ذһۣ˵ûϢģ

ԸҲ˵ȥңһظһˡ

ݺȹСŵصǰſﻹ㣬ЦЦ

ؽ˦ȥһµݺҲֻ֪ܲȥ

㡭нһ࣬ӵؽһ

ûĸɣָޱɻ飬ǵɺ϶ſԼȥɣĸ˵һ㿼ôҲǹôõС󣬲񻰡

ɽڵʱŮԲܾĳţһҲû𻨳ٽˣɸŮǵʢᡣ

һҪԼݺ̸еձС˵㣬ܲȥ𣿡

ܡ̻ؾͬʱ߷߲ƽ㿴ޱ޶ôųѵͲ޸ţʱһѣʡպٿۣЩͿ˶࿴𣿡

ݺϿҵԼã˸ţҲֻǶҵķͻ࿴ǳľˣһҵķٰңֻܵո

سãûʲôۣ˸Ȼ᲻ݺĸܣô˵˵׻ûֻƳһۣջΪǸûӵģȻСȴҲѡ

ݺĬ㰲οֻڿ㣬ûб˼

ܲȥ𣿡

һң

ݺ˵ͷɥˡ

ɽڣʢײһϾ˳ӿȥմϲǮϹ˵໥ӳգ紵˷ӿ

óޱĴ鶼мμӣ̫ർ粽Уֻñˣһ·˷׷ױٿһ

ݺƿһۣ鲻˵Ҳ̫ˣȥɻġ

֪⻰ȻһЦѹסĶ⡣ȥԽԽãôϲ⣬վͽ

ݺ㣬ЦЦ

ΪҲѶáֻԶԶһۣͼСδںڳĺͬˮǻ㻺ƶҪʲôãȻҲҪȥɺݵġ

δ̤ϻݺ洫ĸһֻɰˣƮҲʣвҲһ㣬µ¯ɴ

Ϊ˺ü㣬̷ֻΪزͣڡһȥת׷񣬸ݺҲ˴

ֵģȻʱȥӦݺֻһŮտšǰѹ۹Щɱ¬һͰת

ͣҲǡ

ذڰ˵ֱˣǳԾظ

ҹɺȻǼ֮϶壬˼ֻСԱ֤Щٹ˵İȫҲвٰڡ

˵ݺٿѡʱҲóһȻÿζؿңңףƵʱֻǵͷδš

صŮɫףʵôˣ

ѵ¡

ڴھˣݺʵͷΣæȥɺ紵˺һЩˡ

ϴСֻԶͬҪֻܿĻ׿

ϻ㣬ƺҪЩֻ̧ͷһۣҲȥԴǻģֻЩ˰뿪

Ƭ̣ݺĶŷַŸףƵĹҲˣĴƺҪѰ
⻭һȦߵ˸ƫĵطŷ緢

и軶Цݺͷ·ϵĶ顣

ͻȻתһࡣɫСڴȣʶ˺ԴǸĳЦЦ

ݺҲ֮һЦӦͬһ徲ġ

Ҳ֪⻭ϵ˭˵׼ԸҲڡ

ҲǸнӣ˶Ĭش磬ûб˴˴ֱݺһֻ˼˵ĻԽԽ̲סǲûر𣿡

ݺϰף͵ּδǮģǻ˷Ըǿ

˵ͷ˵ĻѾˣδȥʣݺûʲôÿˣȹ׼ҪߣǰҪŶ¥ȥ

ľ͹𣬹סݺȹߣһ£￪ں˵

ôˣ

ݺͷȹӡ

ȥˣ

΢ɤ˿̱䣵ĺˮ

ݺųȹӵĶȴڴ˿̧ͷ¥ϵˡ

һؾۣ˸룬ڴ˿ֵ֮ҲͬһĨѵ˪ѩֻңңž궯ĺȻš

˜ȻҲ΢һҪ˵ʲôȻ͵Ĺ͵سԵ˼ϼվȡ
ͬʱҲŹǲıԹֵشӴ߳

ݺųȹҲΪҵһΣһ˸ӣȻȴʧС

һû̾ͼŵļ˼˻Ϻɱδ֪ʱҲ˴ۼ
仯ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬˷ӦǾҵҡΣݺĶһУһתˮȻƬ






21.  ѩ   Ӧǰɡ

ĺȻ, ƽḻ̌ƣ˲ҵǾܾһ㺰ж, ̤ŭڶϵޱĻ, ˲̼졣

ˮ׺Ȼð̿, ˴Ҳγ, ɱŤпܵĴϵĹ˻뿪, Ե͵ľͱƲںҵضܱӡ

ȵػδӦ, ͱһԵϯ, ½ǶûǵķԸ̾˹ס

ϻһ, ˮʱϾͲ֫ʬ, ڸı˼λˣмڻ

δرδ, ͷŨ̹Ļɫ԰׵ʣô, ˭ģ

㰲ĺ, ˷Ǹ, ֻǲ֪ΪΣ˵̫Ҳˡ

üɻߣԻķƫƫˣʵΡ

ҡҡͷ˵ƱҪճˣҿȥʱ̫ӺͶѾ, Ҳ֪˿Ƿա

ضЩûʲôǣڵĵطôϵҲ¡ο밶ԶɽھĴнѲߣõ̾ͻ˿ȥˣ˴¡

ȴ˰Ǿв˵ʲôǱ㿴㣬º͵ôˣ

㶼δǾûʲôˡ

룬һ߸һ߳ӵȥ



һݺǰͻȻȥϵһŲζģʶȣȴһſھбĺˮӿǻǺظۡǰһڸ̾ĺˮɫһ̾ʹϢҪ

ʱƺøݺ̧첲۾Ҳ޷ȣֻĺ³

ڰǰһ̣Ȼеһȴûܿģʶ



ݺϷ䣬Լ˺ԽԽҲָ֪δ۾Ϳĺ󱳰˳һ˵ţˡû¡

ݺѾʪ͸ˣʪҵ޷պ;ۣСƽɫԾɲ԰ס

ΧİŮӣһλӦǹٻ˼ҵĸˣϺζʮָ໹м졣

û˵ѩµɵˣ˱Ȳ裬ģѾûˣ׷̿ͣһһ͹ȥЪϢ

ݺڣɤӼɬҼ㡣

ѩЦЦߡ򱱽ӹϣ빫ȷʵйһ֮Ե

ݺ˼Ƭ̣ܿǶμ䡣ѩǸСĸףԸ˵תͷ޸ӵĸףļĸ
κݺ˵ͷķˡ

ѩ־ͺáѩЦԴ飬ɤȴҪ׽

ݺȲ裬ɫûл̫࣬ȻǱŻˡ

δûб빫һʱ̣˵زԶ

ݺͷлŵĻˣˮ֮ǰд̿ͣƺˣأ

ѩҡҡͷ˵ЩͲ֪ˣҲֻǳո֣֪ײ£Ҳûҿ̫˽ϣǿЩ뿪ٿʱǴѾյòӣԼ˲ˣÿ죬Ӧûд󰭣ġ

ݺҵûƽˮǰ˜һδӽ뿪ͱ׷ɱ̿ͣҲ֪ǲǳȥģһֳô죿
ΪѩǾ˲ˣ㷲ʵôأǶȥĶˣ

ѩһģȰ˵ģЪžˡ϶ǹˣȻıˮʱǹһˣҲʣﻹ˼ȥأһʪȹٲСȾŷ纮

ѩ˵ͳ˴գмӰƺĻ

ݺʱѩĵطҲö鷳ֻǿѹвһֱϰ̲ס档ϡԿԶĻʹСδ

Χ˱ҲԶԶǴĶ

Īˣɡѩ˳ӣȥ

·ϵʱѩ̾˼ҹıʣŤͷЦЦؿݺôǻʲô֮𣿡

ݺӷȣ˵ͷСӦӦǰɡ

ǱȻġѩ֪Ȥû˭ֻ˵ҹգͨô˱ãϧӡ

ݺξûӦˣѩƳһۣ˵ЦЦ

ôҲһˮôöûңǱ߽ĴѰϸ˵أһãҲ֪ǿЦǿɱ

ѩĵزŪϵ鴮Ҳûֹҵķ¡ϴڽһ棬ûԵǡ˰͵Լϣ˳ִһѰˡ

ɲúûر¶һܳ迴ҲĹֲܸʲôô

ݺΪԼᱻ͵鸮˭֪һԷͣˣѩʣ˴ľ˸õլԺ·Զҹڴ˴ЪϢʪﻻ¡

˵ͷѩš

⴦լۡҲ㸻˵ѩΪű˵ǳٻң˸סͥԺӦҲǼҴҵ̼ˡ

ܿ츮о˳ӭӣѩľ˸ĸУҲҪʲôӭ˽š

ݺţݴЦԴѩĵЦг˳ĺͰ⣬ԼмֹҲ֪ǲֶŮ˵Եʡ

ŮݺȥлϸɾȹһЩո»δġѩ곤꣬ȻҪ߸ͤԴԵøӽСˣȹᵽ²ǿڲȵ

Ů֪ݣΪֻʲôС㣬µʱڵıʡɺ˵ޱ顣




22.  ӿ   ôˣ


ΪɽڵԵ, д˼ҲУеǳȥո֡

ŮӦҲŻԽսϵʢͨնڹʮֺ, ȥһۡ

ݺΪı, ûϵޱҲ£Ů̸겻, һһ̸߽, һ

һСίʵ, ˵Ǳܱߺ, Щûһ

һŮһ, ݺݵҲǻ, Ȣ˹ģǹԺ¼СĻһ, ұź˵ܲŭ, ɱĶˡ

ɲǣƫڽ, Ǵͨôıܵסܴ, ѦҾ͵Ѱɡ

ݺüͷ, ԼһЩô붼ûĵһʱҲšվ˶ӵģҲܱûʲôڿഫŤ˱Ŀ

̵²ƽϢãŮҲû̫Ϣֻ֪ɺϹ˳Ļ˻𣬾˳еĽ, ֪ʲô顣

ݺɢʪǰС裬ԺˮĻ档

Ҳ֪һͬˮĹǲҲ˾ˡ

˼Ƭ̣һŲķǵûеõƽøˡ
ϻ죬ôˣ˜᲻ˣ

ŮҪţͼݺһŶҪ뿪

ҪȥĶ

ݺץŮֱۣæȥһˣ븮ϱó

ŮȻ⣬ȴû˵á
ԵȣҪȥʾӡ

˺ܾûǷŲ±ض򱱽ҲڻϣܹҹҶ˯ˣȥԸʵʲôܰЩ
ŮܿͻˣݺҲûʱᷢ٣⳶˸ͷɵ˸٣߻кüĻε

ѩûߣ˵ݺҪȥҲţԼ鸮˳·ͬС

ٳΪĽоյ˲٣ֻǼ·Լ̵̯С

ӵӾ£Ϊ˾ǵΰ룬ͨĴѲߡҪ˶̤Ҫֹ鷸ƣʱҪ˽ӵŮץȥ

ڽϣݺҲֲЩ˻ǽһһ߻ѩƿһĽͷ˴ɫԲۣϹذ׺ˮҡ

ѩһЦѵɾҲڣеæˡ

ɾ˶Ҿɫã˵ԭˣվв̫ƽ˲ӣҲЩȥɡ

ݺ̽ͷɾɺˣ

ɾͻȻһСһ£ܿ˵̿⣬ԼĪʮˣʬ׻δ꣬߼´ʱҲ޴ӵ֪

ݺһæʣǴӻϾµأǶȥˣ

˶˻˸ۡмΪ³򱱽ϣ˿Ӧ£ҪѰѣȥ

лɾ

ް
ܿǰɾ˵ʲô˵һˡ

ѩݺֻʲϵ˷ٶûãЦô

ҲġݺָнӣӦ

ѩȻòɲ۵Ĺûʲôӡȴп˼ֽС΢֪ڹûٱûпɿҲûʵϲ߱ضû˻Ľ̵Ĺض˼ʮ׶˭ģ΢˶ЦһЦΪǶԷǺˡ

ѩ̾˿һݺͷϻţʪķβһ
ôûôˣϽô࣬ôûѰأ˵Ҳ䲻Ŷԡ

ݺһ£۽޲˲ɵؿڣԵûʲôǿ֪ܲҲڻϡ֪ˣҲأҹҲ֪ѡ

ѩ˸ۣҡͷ̾ϢôˣǶʼ̺ʬˣҹôڻ²Ťͷͽˡ

ݺ뵽󿴵˜һۣʱɫͰȥȴǼ˵ҲΪˡ

ô˵ˣѩҲ÷ֻЦЦ¡

͵򱱽ʱ򣬸ǰ˲ٱݲڽͣ档
ݺѩлѩҲˡ

ȥͨһǡԸڲԶ̳

ʱҹ磬е΢䡣

һݺͷᱡΣɪһ£Ըǰס
ôˣ

ݺʣʦڽ𣿡

Ըͷֽûعҹ뾩У¾ˡ
˵žݺߣݺ߻ҪСĲȵ΢ȹڡ

ʦĶ˵ȥһۡŴԸ˵ĻˣȻһǽˣΪҲŻع˜أ˜ҲΪ

ݺһĶų˳ǲĵȥ

ԸվĿ̽ؿƬ̺˵Ҵȥ

ݺĬŸԸһۿҪͻȻͣסֹӡ

ôˣ

̲סʵǶԵʦ˼𣿡

ɫܰݺǡվӰϵı飬ȴܿ΢΢ͷԸ÷ſǾ뵡Ƶġ
ôͷҪͲܻϲ𣿡

ݺûشԸҲֻȥ˜ڵԺӡ
̫ӺûãӦûʲôˡ

ͣסݺָ·
˳ߣǴˡȥҸ飬Ժ˽ȥҷЪϢ

ллȥ

ȥɡ

ݺߵúܼһ뵽ܿͼ˜Щ̼ɢˡ
ת㳤ĻȣԺӣſŵķȿҲһ£뵽ʲôƵĳͥȥ
ݺ첽ϣͷ˵ڻˮʱһС㣬ӦʶҲˮˣû°ɣ

ȼûҡͷҲûеͷŹֵƳһۣݺɻظȥžͥˡ

ãˡ

ɫʢϣҲռͥһˡ

һˡ

˜ǸŮӵʱݺһʱ両ֵĴʾûġ

ѩһظܱԺˣʵҲ֪ģҲʧôһϾʱΣ֮Σֿܾδһʱ佫ҲǺϡ棬οǺ׽ء

˜أ

ʱôοԼţ

ݺһƬ磬ȴȻܼһΪ˜֪ƽ£ԲûԸȥѰ

ɫשʯ˲˪ݺ΢΢ۣӲվԭء

Ц⣬˵ʲôӣȻҲڴ˿ע⵽Ŀ

Ϊʲôͬʱˮ˱ߣ˜߸ţȴڱһ̲ű𣬻бѩδ
һô˾ܺö˶˵վڴ˴ʵ̸Ц

ݺͻȻúۣһյƣ롢ίڴ˿ۣΧЩǽˣͬӿ֡
ۿᣬգգۡһӦȥʸ˵Ҹطȥһ

ЩҵĵĸǶģͬѩ˵˲ֺα硣죬ӹš

ݺһҪ˜Ŀ⡣

ݺ˵ͷҲ֪ʱߵǰĸˣվԭһ

˜Ҳ֪ʱ͵ǰͷɥֻһ

һݺûԼ˵ȵڣȴڶ뵭Į



ĴҲӦسݺһɫĪشŮ֣

ݺ򴽣ۿΪ˲ֻСӦˣǿŲ˷еĵ䡣ҡһҪȥҰ
Ҳ˜ûתƵҪߣвȵȹӣЩˤ˜קһѣܿɿ֡

ݺϷ̣վȺߵøˡ

ҲûעԼĸߣֻҪЩ뿪ƺĥһЩί̲סԹߡ

Ҳ֪˶Զݺ½ŲᴭϢ
Ը˵˻ȥȴˣָ鷳ʵӦѩĻʲôܡ

ݺԸȥԽֻԽѹ

ʹһˮʱ˜ʲôأ
Ⱦ˱ˣ

Ǽ֪䲻ҲûкܵģԲ̸Ц

Σһ¡

˜еԶûΪôҪ

ݺͣڵϣûеʣӨӨ¹ռǰ·ܳ
ۿһȣҲ̲סڱᣬ޵Ϣ

һǺ룬Ҳ֪ԼøʲôͿޣͷһ

Ҳ̫ѹˣûע⵽ԵĶֱ˽ҵͷȥųҭҭ̧

˜ߣҲ֪Ϳ˶á

䲻ָˣʹãҲǻᱻŵģҭͣһ£涵ص

˜Ҳ֪ʲôӦʼǵģֽ̧ϱʪķ˿á

ݺΪ˜ӣôһʲôȴһֱڲŪձߵķ˿һʱ䱯߽Ӿߡ

ͱ˜סˣ֣Ѿĺ󾱣΢΢޷

ݺҲ˻̲ס뿪ڣһԵ˜ͻȻͳ

˜Ĵ䵽˲ʶҪˣȴǿӲסֻܱȳ롣

ݺо걻ҧһ£ؾͱһ˿бĴŪܿǵȣӶᡣ

˜ǵ׺ݣûиϢĻᣬݺӶľˣѵץ½󣬱ҵǡ

侲Գֵ˺Ȼ裬ͬϳĺˮȴӿļУú޽䱸˸ûз֮

ֱ촭ͣƾܵʱ뿪ЩȴȻܽ˿Ͱһǡɵ𾪵£˜ԾɴݲȣֻǺңϢҲ˼֡

ݺһ仰Ҳ˵᲻֪ʱͣµģ˜ŷ¹£ϴ΢΢С

ݺһȣæƿĿ⣬ʱֲ֪Ŀ䵽Ĵˡ

˜ЦһɤĪ΢΢ƣʣôˣ




23.     ͵ްɡ

ּ˷, ˽ųģݺ

һֻץ˜½, һֻֽ߬Լ, ָ׼ҪᱡӴ͸

ʲô

ʲô˼

۽ʪ¹, ɻ¶ض˜

ȥ˜ܿĿ, һ, һѡ

ݺʱЩվ, ߲, վԭط, 

Ϊʲôˣ˜ȻʣѾ, Ϊʲôʱ򵽽

ݺؿ΢΢ƣûҪش˼

Ҳ, ֻ˹ظƽ½󴦵壬, ݺϷ, ջתߡ

˜̧ϡ

ݺߵúܼ, мŻң˲ĻԶظĽŲ

ֱ·˾ͷĹ⣬תûң

ڰУȻͣ˽ŲƬ̺ЦЦڿϺ˵ˣ

ݺԾɾΪ, һϵͬΰʱ׵ߴʱ£ҵκġ
ڸʲôΣ˜ͻȻˣ

ʱ֮ǰ˜Ĳںѹ˜

ݺվӣһŬԼ
ʲô˼

˜Ĭվǳҹϣ⺮ҹɫһ֡ 

ȻԼʵǲ˽ġֻΪΪѧֶ˷Գֵľӣ˴ӱ˿е֪Щ˜һŲ֪ϲˣڱǵһȴֻþ

ʣֻĿԶض΢ǹΪҪߣҵ𣿡

ֻǶһ˵ڲˣԺҲˡ

˜ȴĬˣվӰ£¹ⶼղĪԵù¼š

ݺϴθʵ˜ҲһںڳĹܼž˺£ȴߵóȴݣ˿ɫ

ٿڵʱɤɬƽ侲ʲôگ㡣
ԺҪ˵ֻ

ݺ뿪ڷȴ˺˼عͷŷԸŵѰˡ
Ҫˡ

˜ȻҲˣ΢΢ףʾԼˣȻ˵һĪĻ
ȥԺúЪϢպҪǵĻ

ɻòȴ˜Ѿһתˡ

Ըϵߣֻü˜һζӰôˣŮ˵Ҳ㣬Ҽ˺þãǵʦôһ𣿡

ݺһ鿰ƵǾþƽ
ҾЩƣһߴ·ˡ

ԸûȥĿɨɢҵͷɻղŲǻϵţ㷢أ

һѹȻˣҲ⣺Ӧǰ̫ɣ·ϵ˰ɡ

ˣȻȥɣʱˡ



˜뿪ʱҹѾˣֵϿյģ·ѹ޶˲ѲߵĽ̾Ҫǰеֻ֣ʾһƣ̹ڵֱʻ롣

ǵһȴƫƧլԺǰһλʿĸԷǣ̫Ӱټұţ⴦ҲͿ˜ºݣż˾ͻڴ˴

ҹ춯ʮֲõ˳ֱߵĳˣϾ⼸ʮֲ̫ƽȻߵŷһԼӰǴһŵһûаѵȥ

Ӧֵص˵ƣ΢ڰǰƵ˜˯죬ʵʲô

˵û䣬˜ɫѣ̽͵㲻˵İɣҷҲûʦ˵ʲôҹһҲָ֪ٹ£˵˲ˣⲻǺúõ𣿡

˜û˵ʲôĦţΪʲô̽ͷһۣŷһƽƽķ

ü˭ģʲô˼

ȷ⣬˜ָӣʾЩ
Ҳ㡣

˭˯бѣֲҶ˜ֻƢֻԼŭ𣬺˿»
˲úͥһִٵĽŲ

ȥţһˤڵϵһͷƤĹͷ
ס۵۵ˣĿƵϡ

ۿԼȶ˵жֻ첲ܷضЦ

ҹʲôҪ𣿡
۱߻һǵĽڣȻػظѶûɾˡ

˜ɨһۣٳڵҧŷơ
⽫ȥ

Ҳֻ¡

ڻУһƸ˜üӹ㣬̧Ųֱϡֻ

䣬еӰһͥƤ˼跢ʹ˻ȡ

ϵЦڱסˣҲʲô˼

˜۱߽Ѫ㣬Ƴһۣ΢üתͥȥǿŭһͷˮʲôأ˭ˣ

˜ŭҧгݵ˵ԼԲɣ

˜ŲȻһͣתĿؿʲôʱֵõָˣ

֪ʲôԥҪҪȰһȰһԺĻȥĸˡҲ˯һͻȻҹţŪԺѪ
˷һۣСѣˣ

ԣý˲һ̧ۿ

Ѿˣ

ͷ

һص˜

ȻҲ䣬ɫò񻰣ǿŲ˜ǰ
;ͬ飬ҽΪΪպ㲻ǣ

˜ЦһԼ⣬ˣȽλɱˡ

͵Ťͷɫࡣ

ǰʱգյţת𣿡
˜ϻһƵģ˵Ļȴˡ

ǳܳĹ游ٹ硣˲ɫϲӲϡ£ֻ֪ر˜󻶵ţŵ

Ȼ˻һĻ˵ֱˡ˜

£翴λʡպк֪

˜˵Ӧˣȥ˳մѪקֶڵϡ

ø˜ֻߡ߱߿ο㿴ԺѾһϲǴ˲ɣΪβ



ȥ·ϣŪȥȻоȴȰ˵㲻Ҫ˜
ˣҲû˼ȥԺһ̲Ѫææȥ

߹ȥĶ̶һ·Ѿаޡ

˜ƼҲҲͣ

Ȼ˺þãҪ˵Ļ˵ֻ޺˾䣺ޡ

˜ƳһۣûӦˡ

ô뻹ǾԽܣϣ»лתֻ̽ãŮ֮飿

˜⸱飬˵͵ްɡ

ڻ֮ϣݺˮˡ

ڴ֮ǰѾ֪Լ˼ضֻǣΪ˻ȥ£պ󻹻ɱɱѡ

ݺôˣӦǺһܺùպ˴Թޣֵճ

ӦþʹնǣѶһ

߰̾Ƭ̺ͻȻۼط˜ѲԾһۣʵղӣȥʲô

˜ﴹһС췢ڰӳ£·ѩвһ֦÷

·ʪˡ




24.     ұ˵ġ

ɺĴɱֵ÷з, Ȼ˳Ծȴֹһ

ݺһ˹ӹ˿е֪ޱδѾͻعһʵ, ҪѦȫҡԹŮ, ޱ޿һ
ѦةڶҲǴŷһͬ빬ʥʥ, ӱ⿪ѡ

ѦûͬеԵ, Ϊޱһ֮¿, 첲ܱܲסδ֪

ԭѦǸ˾, ȴһ̰ͼйٻһ᲻齿ĵС, Ⱥޱɻʱ㽫ԼұƵԾȻ˲ֹһ, ıˣǴͻж, ֱѦɻ鵱ղվֹ֤ͬʱ, ðСģѦ, һѦ塣

ޱһֱԼδԺ, Ѧ檵ͷ, ֱ˿ɱڴ鵱շŮɣĹεĻˡܴܲ裬ʱúۣǴ˽Ҫɱ

̴ֳ¶Ѧةý˼ΣѦѪĻѦ

ݺ龭, һʱľЦ˵ôҲʲôף֪·ǰֻ

˳İţѦҺõСģԼѦ鵱ȥ£ѵ±ɱ𣿱ضڱһغޱĹڣ㲻ˡ

Ϊݺޱ»ֻҲǳ˿ȴûɫģԴӻʹﲻȥèûºˡɺ˲ˣݺ˾ţһʱ仺ֻȰݺȥߡ

ĩԾȣݺüûȥҹ˜ųһδƽһΪʦʱʱҪıߣżҪĻǵĲۣҲæòɿ
ҹ˯ţֻҪһ뵽˜ͻ鲻ԽǸൽϢǡ

ɹндԣ˵˜ϵлԼǵǸд֣˜ӦҲǾʶ

ʵǲŵģ֮˜͸Ӳˡ﹣ʲôƵģԸȥʣֻ͡
ˣܻԷҲ˵ײǡ

˼ݺһüնȥ˜ȻãҲûȵԼ

Ը趨ףͬţȥǵݺڽһҹδ˯ΪΪڻ˾ţ˳ȥϴ

ȥʱݺü顣

Ƴ⣬Ǽũѧģ̲סЩʲôҪֵزɣ

ݺ£㿴ˡ

ôüģ

ݺʵʵ˵ָũ飬˵ǽ̰ոγ溦ȴɬѶοҪδʶ֣ﾡãҲҪ˿СרũʶֵķӾͺˡ

Ը֪СȻͨյƲ˽⣬Ҳδ˵ֻ²˵ô򵥡

֪Լ٣ͷ˵ˡԸĹϲ𣿽պ񲻼

Ľڹ̫ãŴȥʺ״Ľֻûȥˡݺ»ЩźģóӦѾһʮֲͷôԸȴǲòߡ

Ҳ£˿ֵ뵱漥

ݺȴδأޱǹͬΪãȻ뵽ԼķҲѦĹβˣһӿˮû˵ҪûޱôԣӵĿܾҧˡ
֪ѦʵƷʵԼޱңڴ鵱ֳ»лתأȻ׺ٷҪ˺ճ

˵Щݺɺ£һֱʣֲԸȥ˜ʱԸ̽ջ̣ɲ鵽üĿˣ

Ը£ɫЩ˵ǣ࣬ĶкüλųĹС£ܽҹġ˻̫֮ǰĹ˽йءɵıĴ˭Ҳ¶ۣٿɡ

ݺƶǶصͷԸһۣʣµʦӦ֪αزȥ

Ʋ֣ʲôûȤ𣿡

Ը飬µ˜ìܣҲȰΪܺ˜á

յ÷÷СϡݺԸһ룬׼һûõԸʵ㵹ɣӡ

ݺ鸴ӣе㲻Ըѧ˺þòѧᣬҪұֶ˵Ҫȱӣұ˸񡣡

ԸȣҪˣò֪
˵ͣסˣ齥ȥ

ɢƽ£ǰõҲǣõ͵׼ôȥˡǽĵŮδޣԲ˼ɣȴСһʶЩҪܿĽʡ

Ը֪ԼǰһĶΪʲô˽öҪ˼ֻܴۣʧ˵ĴβǷ죬͵ˣЩѶ֪һ

ݺû뵽ȻԸû˵æοʱˣû˼

ҶԲסԸҡҡͷ룬˵ǲȥˣ׼һлᣬתɡ

ݺ䣬ֻôӦ

룬Ҳֻ׼˸ȥֻԸһ񣬻ǾȥԵг⡣

ڶգԺ֪ͨ˵ҪùͻһȥԺ

ݺΪʹǰһֻҪʿЩƷµĵΪ㡶ԹིѧʮȤҴǰҲУǰֲǵģҲˣԼޱִˣʹѦҺͻҶʮֶˡ

ݺֱһֱû꣬ŷѧȤں͵͵ӣǲᱻֵġ

չȻȥ˲ˣ費⣬Ӷȫˣֻһˡ

ݺ֣ȷȷʵʵǱ֪ͨģֻˡ

磬̲ס͵͵ʣʽôҲˣ

ɻ󣺡Ժ˵ҲҪѧ𣿡

鸴ӣµǱ˭ˣҲõƣ˵ҲûʲôӲƽϣξǡ

ݺô˵㵱ΪҪֻһλ뷢԰׵˵һݵĻݺԺȥרıӣӹ治ܡ

ʵֱһͻر࣬ʮרעϣĽЩʲǫ̂ʲôʱ˶֪ȻҲԻʵܵһ

һֱ̨ϵüߴݺϣԻδţɳĸطˡ

˽Ųȣȥʱ黹ѣȻûܵӰ졣

𾢶֪ԼĸˣȻһֻ׾˳ָƵȻֻȴǳȥġ

˜һԽʲȡߣݺãȻ̧ͷ˴סˡ
ôòټȴΡôö˶˵ĽѧĻ˜ƫˣ

ĪҲͣżҲҹһĶ
ݺԽԽƣۿʪһ۱㲻ˡ

˜ۿ΢ʪеֽ˽Щ¿θ㡣

ݺɫãͷҲ

˷׷𾪣λųĻʽ㣬ȻҸʦɫˡ

˜ΣɨһۣĿͣ˷ſԵϡĻӣҵ⣬н֮





ʦȻƣʵȴλڿ϶սսʮֲΪʲôվǵʦѧȻһߺ£ȴֲòϣ˜ѧţжļ⣬Ĭس¹棬һζų¾ظĶ֪ջҲĵ׾΢ĵĻͬݺ

˜ѧ;żɨһۣݺؿ鱾ȴڷƺȥˡ
ãһֱ̧ͷеĶעŵԼϣ

ȽѧˣݺﻹڲҲҪ˱ߡмӻԾԾ׼ȥ˜̣ȴ鱾뿪һʱҲ׷ǰ

ݺߵúܿ죬˜ֻǲŲæľ͸

ѣҪ𣿡

ݺŲͣһ£Ȼһ֮ôҲǱôõģʵڲͷʼ
ԥһ£ŤΪʲôȥѧ

ֻǴɰˡൽһӵݸѧôȤԸЩʱ䣬Ҳ϶䡣

ݺȻղԼͣȴҲ֪ѧʱĲרԼ˵Ǵʱ䣬ұ˵ġ

һ٣Ƭ̺ϸ˲ǳǳЦ⣬΢ü͸һȻζû






25.  ı   ȥˡ

, ӭһ꣬ҲԶˡ

ʵȾգǻ, ϳʱϲŭ޳, ڴ󲡵ǲʹûʴȿ, ֻöŭ, Ұ֮Ұ, Ȩ¹, һδ, ò, СģԱסɽȹ̡

ںܶ, ҲȫȻԼĹ⡣

ƽѺжգ㱻Żƽ, ܿجĴֲС

Ŵµ޲ꡣ꽡֮ʱ, ƽù֮, ޶˲, ܵ̿ûŹȥˡ

ݺϢ֪µʱ׼
ĸݵ΢輧볯͢˵أԴЩҲ˳ٶЩ㷴ӦҲԼû̫ϵϾӵ˶֪۸ʲôı泶Ϲϵ

ԼҲһ㣬Ϊһȥ, ȴҲǣ
ʲôҲûУҲǣʲô

ǰգԸ׼񽻸תʱý˿ࡣ

Ϊ˱Ҫӣݺȥ˾¾õĽ߲һ֮µӷԽ⣬ͨҪء

ݺŶƺ𻨵ȹӣϵΪѵóһΣķҲׯ࣬ǰҲ֪ȥƽʲôЩʱСĵشΧԼʲô¡

С˽ͨʱΪԼˡ

ʵû׼ʮƽΣڵϦպѱЫĺҲֻΣټ˵ƽڽӡϵĻǾŹȻתһˣΪݺ˼ֵڿʱ򣬴ὫҰĵ泼

һ־͸ĳƽȻֻһȴѾǸȻˡ
ݺǵһεƽȨѹȴбأʱǲˡ

ϲɣܵǰװ硣
մ仨Ƶģʹû˭Ρ껹ֲŪ֧СΡ

Сɾ£߶һһģкͣ˷ȶ

յذסСΣͷ˺þá

ջ֣ûٶתԴǸ˵û뵽ĻʵҲûʲô磬ֲţлڳﱸ¡
ǿ̱ʹʹԼȥЩΪӣҪʱÿϵ׼

ݺֵӡϱקߣʣľֻ֪ʮСѣٵȼҲƾűīʷȻһչŻ֮꣬У¶ᰧѡ

Ҳƣ磬㡱˵ţ˽һӳ

ɻ󣺡ʲô

ݺѹ˵ǰҸ񣬻㲻Ҫƽˡ

ۣ֪ʧ仹ΡԼĿԡ
Ը趨׵£˵ϲǱֻÿϧ̫򱱽վڶǱߣλضһɣǽԸͬɼΪʱԶԹ

ɫأ˵øҵĶ

ݺｫȡݸ˵ÿܲ

Ц۾𣬽ӹӾϵϣ˻Σ˵ҿΪӣҽĶҪˣԺ϶úñܣǹֱ࣬š

ݺٱ䣬һҿҪЩعġ

ߡֱ󣬡ȥ



ƽ⣬ϵİպȻ󣬶нϣһб۷ɢƽΧ仯ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬Żƽ˾ĸǰվ˴żеı

ŵıȥͨǰС˾ͱնͷ­

ԲۣӶƳ۵ȺѪ粽ƹȥƽƽ̰īã˽ױı۴͵ɱвӣͬ

䣬룬ǹչ»⣬۽Ƿɣ̤ס

վҰšһƳһۣĿԽзɫ׵ӣ˵ʦµˣ⵶ɱĳ棬Բȥ
ɫʵǴŵĵġ

Ȼ˜ıвѧǿ⸱Ŀ޳ģ˵ײһ鲼³õ籾øж£Ҫӵܶǫ棬ǴĶ

˜һֲгһѩɫѺʹ˵ظ롣

̫ɡ

ĿȻԸ㡣Ȼãұᣬȥ׽Ը͵ɱ

㡼ǱΣˣǿŲԸӦŵ

ƽδ֮ҲϹսȡнͷ­Ľ죬һᵳӪ˽̫㡴ãͶʱﻪ֮ͥв뾸ţɱ̫ſ뵱ʱλʹҳʿմȾѪ

ƽʼնԻʵ۱һ˿ΣΪὫƽһ·ٳû˽ˣɱ㣬ʹﻪ֮ͥĻʵۣ顣

̫ӴϢΧƽʱѵõϢױΪıȡ

ݺںԺʹʱһߵظ͡
ʮ꣬ʾһӣ飬ͻǰԶ綩¡ƢҲãޱҲìܣڼݺʱʮϲǰ˵ޱĲǡ

һţҲӦʲôֻЦЦһ䡣

ͻȻ䣬æ̫ΧƽҪɱƽͥԺļ˶ɵԭأ١

ݺ΢ۣɭһĿѸٿ

޴ɿãȻؿҡҲ֪ǿ߰ɡ
µȷ޹أǹҵֳҲȫȻ޹ء

֪ģҲǨŭ̷Ӧſߡ

ݺûɬǰ˵и㡭
ǰѵģЩΪ

ɿ֣Ȼ߽סģκ㺣ֻͬǰİء

ݺۿ뿪ԥǲҪߡ

ƽ׼ңȴһʱ˶ľ

飬ҲΣͽɱҪʯٵζ
и汻ҪѣȻΧʵʵûг·Щɱѵӵ˵¡

ݺˣδʱս֣ûзŹŮ죬ûиһֻԭصţⱻǣȥ

ȻûȶãɱԽԽͱĿ޺

ݺСڹУδȻѪĳ棬̲ȥˣȴԾû͵͵ƫĻ׼ҳ·Ȼһȥͼһ˻ѪƺƽʹӣɫĿѣֳץҪȣһѵͬϰȥԴ

ȳѪȹϴĿͷڵϹȦȹ߲ԶбŵһѪ

ݺ䣬ֿƲסķͬס˺Ҳɷı

ֳһѣݺѾסˣһֱˤڵأƲסطڱһҪקʱƵ˵ǣǾŹǸŮ졭

ɵҪȻݺȶˣԭزҶ



ƽʿƽԸв֫أѪ˿˶ġԼⳡ¶úɫ˸徲ط˜壬ż䣬ץͥйţ

ûãбڸз˹ʽ˜΢üƺԣ˵ƽ治ҲǼˣҲǹ£οһܳ

˜ʷԸȥʷˣƬ̺һ븮С˲ͬǰ
һͿʼͷ߿ࣺ̫ӵ£ūˣֻǽŹΪƽͺǽҽͣɷ˵ץҲȥѰ

˵š

Ķ

ĻϣŻȻֵˣʱȴĿɭȻ΢۵üɫ

Ҳ⣬˜΢֮ǰ˵ݺɽ¾˜Ӧû졣

£ٽΧӡ

µ˵ҲҪˣȥʦһ𣿡
˜û˼ֵʦǹΣ

˜ɫ΢ƺЩˡ
ѵҲá

ͷͬʦ˵ǣǸúúýˡ

ߺ˜̣Ȼȣȥˡ

̶




26.  ۼ   ӵҼʮϲ

ݺǿӲק, Ȼû߼ײ˷ɱױˣϳݺǸĹȻ궯, ָ󺰣ǹ, ץȥв̫ӣץס

жԷ˶ֵ֮࣬й, ҵ, 󼸺𲻳, һصĳ֫ݺǻֻʣ˷θ, ǰĳ, ֻ۾, վθ﷭Ż

˶ɱǵĻԹ, ԴȻòĶȥݺ߲, ֱһѣƺСڴϵĵĥȥ, һƬѪۡ

Ȼ̫, 㲻ʱ, ߶ԶǴ׽ǣĹģҲ鲻Ը淴ˡɱʱݺû˦קԼŮ澣ҡҡλεӿ

оԼ˫ȶڷҲһͷһĳ

Ҳ֪Լڳĸ, ֻĻŵûŻƲס䡣

Ȼ𼱴ٵĽŲݺ͵һʶҪܣȴһֻֽק˻ȥҪͱԷǿӲӡ

ȼݺҰ׵ۣ̲߬סЩڲԣ޷οڷҲֻѧ˜ǰ㣬Եļ

Ȼһ̣ݺӺȻһƮƮسһߵȥʱͲʡˡȵͷɨϵѪֲԷᱧ˵ء



ƽ޶ǰ˵ǰŹʣĶŮ

󱳱˳һӣȾѪⷭƤ⣬ֵȥ׽㡣Ȼ֮㡻飬λ׵ȴһһȡ

ƽ򸾸ƣ޺󣬹ϼнѳ顣

յʱ䣬ٻʢƽΪѪɺӣʬѻһСɽ

ȻǾ㱣ѺŹµʱһֻʣһƬҡܰĸѪʬʹɪɪū͡۾ѪƵͨ죬שδɺԵİѪ

ƽھؽʮǰ˺ţ׸һҲûŹ̫̫׵ĶŮ
ֻأ޳ͬ䵽һϣƽҲӭŵĻ¡

ӣߵǰ˵ƽͼıǳʥʴȣֻ֡Ҫˣȥ

һ֮Ӹ߸ϣٻһƽӣı治ҵﳼ壬ڴƶ˵̶ˤͷۻþòƽ
Ļеıŭ޷һ˲Ѿ⡣ԸıԸ⹶͵ϰš

ʱһ˲ȾѪשʯ׾ѩǰǵڴ˿ɺ³ĵøۣʶսȭ

˜ۿ˵ǴˣԾϲ𡣡

ƽǰ֪˶ٳȻӣȴΨһĽĶӣеĳ谮ѪһϡƽͳҵĶ˻ȥ

Ŀһۡ

˱ۣͬǧɽʯѹϣƵۼͷؿȾѪשʯϣɤɬ·ĥ³Ѫ
ﳼл¶䡣

ߵ׵һ̣ʧ

˜ĮȻؿһУӳɺѪʬǰĳǸסجΣֻֻһԹߡ

ƽеʣµ˶ѺеȺ䣬̴ȫѪд档⣬޷ţŮӳټˡ

̲˸Ѫ죬̴ӴҴˣ˜Ҳ׼˴÷ȴݺھеıԺ˿Ӧˡ

ҪߵʱȻס
ʦ

פ㣬ȴڡ

оǲֻǷԱģҲˡ
ʣվŹҲڸУ¸ʵʦɰãܵ˾ţתһ䣬ֻţʦ

˜ϸˣлǴԼ͵ġ
ݺҲôһ⣬ǳʲô鷳

Ƭ̣û˜˵ãΪĵʦϰæʧͬʱв˭֪һ̾˿ڡ
ֻɲ˵ã˾ĪĻ

˵ʱƽȴ˾Ų˷âǼ˰ѱŻƽ޲ϣƺҲһ˿ѺֳۣЦЦЦ顣

ӵҼʮϲ

˜λ˳ֻҪȣضзӰң˿˵ϲĸ첲Ҳԥ
˜ᵽӺֻԥһ£̾ͰӽµȥͬʱĸݺǸ

˜޳ָӣմѪܿеĽ·ֻ˵һۣ仪ȴ;ûʲôϵ
˼ͣ½ŲǾƽϢȥеӣɺݺ߬뽫÷顣

ڴ֮ǰ˜Ϊƽһѣ˺ܸõΪãҲ㿰á

ֻڣҪƣܲȥɱ



Ƚݺȥ˜ھǵıԺڴ񲢲ڸԷС˴ûŮӵѣֻܽεݺ˜Ϣõ齡

˜úɫѾ

ͬ˼ֻǿһ۾ͽݺѣ亹乣谵˺¡ʵɲѪȣѷʵŵÿ޺һŶڽ䲻ͣ

ҵűƿݺһ£޵øˣͷҲ̧

о߽һ΢ĻǳĿɬҩΧʹǼ·ɢȥѪڴ˿ʧ

һոµȹľ˜ݺڻĵģݺһһţͷСһһġ

˜ʱɫܲᵽݺֶŵ΢ҧгݣѾһŭ͵˵̬ˡ̬Ĺӣͷȶŵ㣬ⱻǨŭꡣ

һʱô仯ô졣




27.     ݡ


°ɡ
˜֪ƽ, ͷҲصطԸһ䣬ϻỺݺĺ󱳡

ƽոµȹһԣת, ˳ŷһԶˡ

ֻʣݺҭҭ, һͣ

˜û֮ǰһˣϵѪǱ˵, ŷ, Ҳֱ۵Ĳ, ѾϹҩˡڿ޵ô, ΪŵòᡣŮɱû, 񿴵ôǰ, պҪجΡ

Ӿнƽź˜˳, ΢ʪļͷЩΪ顣

˜ûʲô, Ҳ⣬˭Ƶ㣿

ݺҡҡͷ, 鸴ӵ˵Ҳ, ҳûܿ, ·϶ˡ
黹Щ㱣һ·̫ͻȻھһجΰ㣬š

Ȼʲôץ˜ֱۣæʣأãǻƽĶ𣿡

˜һ, ݺĪߴٵ˵ôˣ

ôһߣĵŻԶɽ۾΢ţºͣȴĪ˸е飬Ϊ֪ˡ

ݺ˿ʮֽţ˿ûע⵽ʲôԡҲܵģ̫ˣҪҲöѹƽдҲûȫңҪնݳĵز

Ȼ⻰Ժ˜ֻǲõı飬˿̳Ƶˡ
ȫңնݳ㵹ĵغãҲƽԼʲô񲻹ǷˮתֵԼˡ

ݺһ£߬ҲɿˣԼţ˜ӦʮֲϲƽƺҲϲ
𣿡

ʧ꣬Ҳʮã˭Խܣﻹɷһת۾Ͳ

ƽѾ͵ɱһţŮӳټˡޱس꣬ݺϲɡ

˜ۿı仯ʵ֪𣿡

ݺ˼һȻ֪˜ָļ£Ȼ˵ˣʲôɣǹԹԵͷ֪ˡ

ݺȻ֪Լδ֮У˜Ц͵ӵǺÿϧӱ˼ңûн䡣

ȥͺˣʣµԺ󶼻Сûм̣գգۣȥסϲ˲䣬ɵֻнҸһɡ

˜ûһԲ



֪ʲôһֻ̧סӦɤ΢ơ

Ҷˡ



ɪɪݶѩˡ

ͻΪ׵ūȻԼõһݣ㡲ƽϢһСԱ߹ذյɧţ̾æȥسˡ

ϸѾûлعǣǰòײŰֵͻʵоִ߲Ȼκݲݵȵؽıٳδ˼ΣʼûеȵԮۿݸ漱ʿҲ뵡ᣬվڳǽƿڴٳٲĿء

ɧȰ䣬ͬ˵˳еĶ
ϾƽҲǿ󳼣ӧҵһͬ£´ͻȻƽˣһʱĻ̻̣Ҫʱ䰲ʱٳ£⻼ܽɽȡ

֪ڹ꣬ҲŪö˶˵ƽô벻ı档ǳòȣ߹ؾ͸Ӳˡ

ųǽ²սǽ壬ֻܷȺ˶ٲˣԼȥǰ˶ͻʾ

˵ƲֵһȾѪƽ䣬૵Ҳ֪ܷϰݺߵʱŽʮ꣬ת۾Ҫʮˡ

߹ݶѩƮŴԶսɳıʿʬϣӹĺ̼εźһͬԶȥ

ǵҶʼ䣬ƽʬǱȥգ½½ֱһˣٱһˡ趼ᰵнóдϴʱ򰲲Լ

˜ʼΡȻֻԶԶؿĬظۻ

ݺԴһպòԹȣһɫ뿴ҹʱʱо£亹죬ͬԼȥǶӣ˯ҲԲáۣలҩҲȲȥ

ʵ־壬߹սҵϢݺԼ˼ΣȴŲԣΪӵأҲ͵֮ҪʼղϷȨźӱڶʹнڶʹĻ϶߹زδ£һ˼

һֱˣݺһֻСһմܣ򲻹ϴ

ƽ±Ǻܿͱųݡݺ˾ţعʹһȴҲûԸȥл취̳ȻһбøΪɲȥ̷ʱѾĥûΣİ˾ͷһ󺰴С

鲢Ѵ̽շԸȥչɲ̶̳ܽ

ƽٻʱڶ࣬һܣֻ̤಻١ӵܱ׽õ˽ߣ֮ʲôǲضԡܾʾãڸ߰˵ڳ裬˻ᣬضᳯĥ

ΪֺˣΪ˸ȻҲ᲻۸һŮӡ
̷գѾʼʧķ裬ѰٻΡ

ɱϾǹټҵĵطݺֻܾĽܿࡣԸѰԼ֣ؽ

ȻգݺͨĽ֪ޱϢҵ̷˾ȥһԹۿӣһ˳һԺЦֻΪ˿λո߸ϵĹŮ˲ĥǰҵ˻ݺԸһͬؽ𣬰ѣȴҲȲ־塣

ȵ캮ʱ˜ʱڹУݺټżд˵޼ҵŮɶףҲᣬֻҥֱˣûаҪ龩Ϣݺ̲ȥȥԸ

ԸҲս׸ŸɱУԱ߹սʮֵǣʼղ׳͢ΪûԮΪƽ±䣬׽պۿ̷Ϊ߷߲ƽҪȥӾ

ݺȥգų|ǹҪߵʱ򡣱ҵ㡿ʱۿһ죬Ҳį

ݺ˿̵龹мƣƽҵһǶǡöڣҲĿ˲ģȴᡣ

Ըŭס㡣Ǽеճӣʱһгߣȸ׻ҪνѾڣȴ˳嶯ŭεңΪЧҸ㣬ıѳɶ֣Ѫ𣬾޿ܻصǰ

սǹĿѵصŭҪΣͬͬסʶʮأȴļңˣҪܰ˯񲻸Ҵ·ֻ¿ƽĴţȺ˳̷˾á

Ըûд𻰣㡷ݺۺᣬŭعĽ˳壬˸ɾٲ֮أʹܴȰ޿κΣǷܴǰ

ݺʵһ㶣Ҳû뵽ųôֵԼƳԸı飬룬ӦûǺްɣôȣҲ޷½Ѫ˽֣ҲֻܹŪˣҲ޸ݣҪ˵ôҲֻˡ

˵˵ȴͻȻͣ£󿴹ȥһ
ʦ

ݺȵػعͷ˜վһѩɣչƲ㣬ϻް壬Ҳ֪ǲǴ˜гŲ亮ĳŪƺǶ㡡




28.     Ҳֵñϧ

㡻, Ȼû߶ԶͱϢϻ׽סؼʹһ١

ݺüûм˜, Ѿ, ȴ֪ΪһԲתˣҲ֪Ƿʲô

ص, ¸, ԥҪҪȥһ, ʮַŭ, ضϵĲվͿνջ, ˜, ֮֮ȥвϾʱĶֻ֣ͬè, ϲʱһ˾Ͳ˵

˵ü, 㲻棬ݺû˵, Ǳʲôק׹, ˲, ǲţ˵˲ͬҲˡ

һʣǷɣ

ݺɫСҡҡͷҲֻ֪һұضǸЩ, ʵڲһҲѰٻ
ȷʮϲ˜ҲԸͬദʶӸ࣬ƫƫ˵Ҳȫ˜ĸʵ΢ʱʱ꣬˸׽͸

˺һᣬ£ֽ߬ȭƺҧгݵˣҲֱ˵ɻǵɽ˜۽㣬Щµ˻Уۿչ˹𻨾ȥ湫ȡ飬¼δɵ¶֪Ϊĺ⣬ȫȻϡ֡

Խ˵ԽҲˣݺ˜֣ԽòֵӸλûģն롣

˵ݺĬصͷΪţ˵˻а٣Ըʬ

Ҳǲ㡭ڿˣᣬƺЩ޴ģͬͯƭ꣬βӡҾǡ

ͼ˵ʲôַˣһ˜̬ȣһˮ˰㣬ֹס䣬³ȴú˵仰
Ϊʲô̧ãȻ÷أĸҵģ˵Ҫҳڳ˵Ҫͬһȵġ

ݺɫף򴽣Ȼվߣæȥ
žͿݺȥʣµľҳȡһֱ̳ƿ̳⣬յеһ

ʲô

˵䣬ݺѾյһˡˮȽȥһ˲ȴֻɬݺüͷЩ³ǿŽľȥŲյ㶵ûá

ľƣضǺȲȥġ

ݺվƬ̣תطױҳӾҪȥȥʣʲô

Ҳǲ㣬һ뿴룬ȻҲʲôҪˣҲǲϲҲı⣬ҵⲻֵһҲС
֪Լ΢СܣһܳĹֻôһ㣬۵ҲϣԼܱƲغãȻôϲءѾϲ˜ˣҪԼʲôΪǺȣΪҪȥ²Լûб⡣

ݺкܶ໰ʣһֱ˜Ժǰͣ½ŲȻ⡣

ʵĲȥ

ݺսеӣԺӣ߽ȥ֮ͣסˣתȥ
Ҳû뵽ôˣɨһ۲ˣ̫Ӷڣλ۵ɾ

˻ͷ΢ЦСƺʦʮ׽

˜ֻƮƮɨһۣĿܿͻصϣӣ̲Ӧһ䡣빫й֮Ե

˶ѡ

ݺеĬĬս

Сǰ˾ţع󻹴һǺЩˣ

Ѿˡ

֪Ĺδģ˻شҲȽϷܣ˜ɫԥڻ̲סˡкҪ£

Ȼ˵͸ӵģʱôֻ࣬˵顣

ȥ÷ȡ㣬ض֪ҪĶ

ݺоᣬҽڣ˵Ǵ飬Ҳûʲôñģϴθ˾ƣ֪ζΣϲЩ͵ˡ

֮ͣҳݡ

ݺôȥһԵ͵ʲôƣζΣ

˜Ƭ̺ԷܵӦ𣺡Ÿˡ



㶵صͷľͷһ߳ȥҲ˵ҪˣֵʣŲҪΪֲҪˡ

˜ıӰɫ΢ŰӵĻս

ݺҲ֪Լô뿪ģֻʶѿ˜һجج˻ϴĹӦԼлһӡ

۽͹𻨾ᱻصľҲ᳢صǱӣҲᱻⶪʲôطȻܾԼŬ˜ˣһУҲ˜в壬ֻʣȤ׾ӡ

ݺǺܳٶۣڲź֪룬˜һֱôģǸİ޹

ϸУˮȱǴ֣ʵһ֪ˡ

ݺ££۽޵ʹţ˿ίҲֵñϧ𡭡

ûش𣬾ԹԵ˵ᷳˣҲ˵ģֻǰèĴڣڵʱԸ࿴ۡϲô𡭡

޷οȥú˯һɣҪЩˡ

ص˵ͷصϴӻױ档

ǵԣΪһ·ԹߣݺҪΪѡ֮ݺ˜Ҳû
˺üյĻݣȴΪʱȥԮκʧݣṳ̄˳ţӱɱŮΪ˷²ū㡼ȥȴ·ܵ㣬żûбأ˳͵ʵУȻŭҪüغͺкӱĽڶʹȴͻȻϢ˴ūԭѲ˸ϵ

˻һҲ̫⡣ūļ˽ףŵ³ɺ󽫸øǳǳغͽƥ游ǹԭȻˣױūܡ

ʧȥѶūԽ޼ɵͻΪ׵Ĳֻݺһٹκݣɱѹɳȥıȴ;ء
ͬʱˮߵͶΪūԮһʱܻܺҵޡ

ڷ̫Ӱеңۿƽͬŵ³񲻵òױȫ֮ߡڵطĸңþƻңнڶʹǱΪ飬ͼ˺ѣռһƬɽ

κʧнڶʹѱϢǣֻ˽ա

򱱽ųȥѹѾаǧһ

Ѿ񣬸ʧء

һһҰĻ̻̣ʱ򣬻˸ɮ뷽ʿʼ棬𢰲ȡ

Ҳ֪ʿǺξģڿ˵лǣҪ˻ǲܽɽȣòᣬֱ˽˵˵ķʿŻΧЧȡʵòᣬĵýְȨ






29.  ʧ   ڴ˿ù

оѸ, ܵĽʿҲʾòɿȻнڶʹ֣ѰйᣬϳԮūľ, , 㡴Ķ鸹ܵУ˵Ĵֻʣǧ˽ѡ

нʧݵս, ʱϻĻϲεĺнڶʹӱڶʹȷ췴ˡ

̫ͼĸ, ⵽оɹķ, һ, λб, ߥͶ̫֮λ, ߻ﻪ֮ͥ䣬ϻλ

Ȼôȥ, ҳı׶֣ܵĳǧٿ, ܵ˵Ĺ𣬳׽ٵʢ̫ƽ˺, ѪܵĸⱩ¶֮¡

ȻԼֻӱܵĸҪ, ˴, ҡҡ׹ĴȻڶµ˱ϴһͨôҲֻڷ̫ƽ

ǣڷͣ¡

˜뾩δ飬һƬңվͳ֣ȴٹ⡣

ݺ֪㡳º, ÿһҪһǷϢȴÿÿϣա

̫¬ĸףؾڿУһҪķʧأΣɽפصĵط

ݺдţһֱյš

鲻ͣȻΣѹͷǾļڳɽһǰչˣڴʱصǱѡ

ݺǰľǰֻҶƣ֬ޱɵΣ֮ʣȴԸڳУΪ֪һˣа뽫ʿضɢֿѸ͵ĵо

˰ͶһʱĻ̻̣޷Ҫ¼ɡ

Ω򱱽ΣˣͬʮһͬϵūԸۿҲս뿪ǣȴΪδӣѹھǲաȻ˵գ˵ĸ׵ǣƸףͶо

ء

ݺżױƣῴѹ²ӡ

һӶҲ֪οο˜ԶûϢΪסģŴ͡ޱʳİٻؼƽܿޱҲεٹƾ٣ĿȻΪġ

ޱͻ飬ʮߵݺҲע⵽ˡ

ݺ֪ԼĻ±£æȥûתء

ʱмλŹٷĳԾƺ׼뿪ݺûôע⣬һλȴڿ֮˵ʲôŶפס

ݺһ㣬ȴǿϽǣͷˡ

ɣ

»ͥһͬѾԶȥֻƺлݺ˵һֱû뿪
Ϊ˴ͻ£ҪȥѰ̫ӵ£

ᵽ̲סüʵɿ֪ʲôΪͻȻΪҴͻ飿

վñֱȻ£ǣźͻЩ
䣬»ԼȻҲֵ㣬Ϊ¬̫صĶ¬ýڰġ

᧿Σù³иѰʱһλ¬Ըֿģȫȫ¡

Ȼݺ¬֣ɫʱͰȥǲʣɶˣ

ɿһҪ޵ӣļ򣬡ȱ𼱣

ݺɻңæʣ˭

¹ٵͬţ괺ǽʿһ׵Ъ»֪ͥнֻܾ꣬ġЪΪֱ곤֮꣬ʣ̫ͼ£ЪԸӳģ¹ٵ飬ϲδԡ

ݺ棬ЪƷĹԱΪԺãֵõԸ𣿡
˵£ЪĳڣȻᱻȿֺİͽᣬôܸȢһӵĹ

»ͥƺҲв⣬ֻ¹ٲ֪Ǻ⣬ֻ̫ѯʱδ˵á

ǾԸˡ

ζӳ£һʱҲ֪θ룬̾˿»ͥ˵лɰҡ

ٲ¬꣬һϡ

Ҳ˵¬ΪΣƾľ˵ȥɻʲô𣬲ĥá

»ֹͥƬ̣ͻȻȡһϸĽеݸ

ݺӹɻʲô

»ͥĿͣݺںеͷҲ֪˭˵Ҽʱʱһλˡʶ΢ĩʱƶϲ黨ʱѰ֧黨ֻǹȥͽˡ

ҲɵĹˡĹ£ԥһ£뽫ͻ

»ͥЦЦҡͷ°գ͵Բ¹һ롣

˵תǣݺֻòؽеݸŮ׼ȥһλɣлԼһ档

Ȼ·ͻȻʼδ

ں˯֮ʱоͻϮʧأڷù£Ѿͳ˧֮һ֣һŭ֮ǣԴ

¬̫׳ңδ

ʧݵϢӱ͵˾ǣȵ֪Ⱥ顣

¬¬ϵӣһֱص˳ƣʬ¬̫طһͬڳǽʾڡ

ݺһлȻΰ㣬ϷŪ˵ӵܷ·ջǰվΪسս˲ꡣ

¬̫һұ׷ֺţѾͨ裬һ·ϹȿΪ־壬׷״󿪼ţӭѾǡ

ɽֵסѾǣֻҪزʧأƾ軴֮ȶĲ뱱Ѿ⡣

ݺԴӼƽҺҹʼ˯ȣһ꾩ǵĶúܿ죬Ҳ䡣ҹߵ˱ӣ˯ȴԼʲô˼ƿǵ㶯ƺЩ
㱣žͱ͵ײС̫༸ǹǰģڳݲ˵ܡܣѾˣѾҪˣ

ݺһ£Ųæǲ˯ˣɽù£οδֱȡǣ

δ䣬һ˼Ҵܽ޵

ѵɫţһѽС̫೶ݺԸץʰңкĹŮѣͻѾˣպѾֱƾǣʱǨܻ빫Уʱ롣

ⷬһըݺߣԭؾþòƽ˲ϰѸȥʰݺ㶵ش£ﻹǲΡѾǧ֮⣬ôͻȻ͵˾ǣҪǨ

վڴǰŻɵ죬һҪ㸲ĸо

΢ʱݺԼĸʡƺòᣬʺŴԼĶŮ

·ͻȻΪ˲Ѿע⣬ʱδ¡

֪£ݺĲЩ֪˜ƽѾǣɽزסҲʧݣʱȡƽͣһܻصɨƽҳӡ

ݺһʿڣ˵ĲһͬУȴǣΣڵϦ̫£ԱְȣȻаڴˣǶӣΪʲ壬԰¡

ԽԽòԣšüëһ

ݰҵĺöŮپۡ˵ۺᣬݺ͵¼λֵܽõȴȥ

˵һͨ˼Ҫˣǻȫһܣоע⣬سǵĽʿͰĺҪһˣȾȣһͬǰݡȣǾ׳Ҷ

˭붼롣

δӳҪݵĿ־ƽֵõҪ볤گ˭޷ߡȻ֮ӣǵĸʣôŭƽҲֻǿţҵʱ͵͵뿪ǡ

貢ңضҪȥݵģĸǻʺ󣬾˾ٹҪȻֲû֧ŵɫ׵ˣΪĻӱضҪ¡ȥز۵İ˹Զ޵߹ֻʣݺһδ޿ģˣضҪġ

ݺһʼ벻ͨΪʲôõ£ʺ̫ӻܴӦԭз֪һգΪȻҪﾡá

ƲסطŤͷȥԵݺΪҲ̲ס޿ģȴ鵭ȻߵݡԸ¡

һ̣뵽ڳɽ뿪񺡣

ˣʲôأ

ʲôҲãǻڴ˿ùɡ



ѾҪ볤ϢδаջԶսҵ෹̸żΪγ˼פ

ȻЯʿӵϢֶߣպ͹Աͬը˹һ㣬˲Ļ̻ҪȥѰ˵кѾӦϵҵ˳ƴ˻ϳӵļƻһδܳɹ뿪˳

ޱԹжˣޱڹˤңڵ˵ƿڴϧЩ޼¡ʳյϳĹԱӰ˵ʮȻѾ

һȻھеĻһԱ֮ǰϳҲǡɥվִ֣ԵһλΪԲߡ

Ҳûôԣݺȥ˴̽ɽϢڵһμԼδЪ

ûдһ̾ϢվǶΨһһ۵˱ʮۡ

ݺһע⵽ʽôˣ

Ъعһ
īһ˿ϲ壬Լ׵ĹĿɹûа˲ʵĴ̽

ݺ»ͥ˵ֱ٣Ъ˾ͳһҳü棬ͬһͦεɡ

Լô˿ƺãתȥ飬Ѿ˺δԮأ
˴θ£ΪȥͻʺѾˣб㣬֪Ѿһбܿɾǳˣ˲ͻȻľ

ܳŵԮҲܾȳˮ

Ъɽ̫ؼأʱްнǧˣ̫ξױһǧˣ򱱽ǧʿϸسǽʿһһǧˣڿͻʡ

һһǧس

ݺɫ΢Ƭ̺ʣݸ࣬ǾĲȣӦǺã

⻹˵ȻɱſڴһˣɫߺޣƺҪ˭ҧѪһ㡣

һæʣʽôҲˣ

سûõĶʲôǽﲻһѻˡʲôƨˣӽţɾأ춯档κ˸˵ѵĻϳȥҵ
ղ֪뾩ϢԭǸʸûŴһͬߣΪξ࣬سǣ뿪Ҳǿ㣬νߺ

طԸ꣬ע⵽һ̬ЪԻЩüʵǸʿһ׵Ъݺδ

ݺ䣬ƲҿЪı顣

֪ɫ糣ҲûʲôӦӦʲô۰¹١

ݺ֪ôͻȻԼδæ˵㣬ȻعЪϢ

鲻죬ס˭ҧ˭Ϣ̲㻹˯ȥƣ˿˶֪Ȼȥ˯

ݺһۣͷһԵѵ⣬һֱһ˦߷ߵˣ˲̧ͷ

Ъһֱδȥһվţƺ뽻ʲôݺԴϵܴŵ£ԥҲҺ

ЪֹʣҪ¹٣

ݺӵؿһۣ˵ɿ֪˵ʦ䣬ǰȥδйϢʲô£

ĶűزʦӸλ뿪ִ֣빫ġ˵һ£ּһ䡣ЩȥЪϢɡ






30.     


붬ľǱ, ǳаղδ顣Ϊսңۿɼıȴǰ٣ȴȻԻͰĻʳǲᱻơھеĹԱͻӵ, ȷȷʵʵ˰ĵá

ʵ۶, ϳҲûʲô塣ȥʹ·ԶҲҪһʱ, ݺΪ˸õ֪Ѿ, ڹ¡
һʣλλ, ̫ΪԸ뿪, ҲޱһԹĸŮʮֲ, ڹʱŹ˳, 

ޱԴѦһºƧ̣ս, ټݺҲ˻飬ҷǸѵľ, ʹΪˡҪæûʱСС, ̫Ҳ輧֮Ů, ݺڹû, ֻ취ޱ

Ѿ򳤰Ǵԣĳһ춯ȻѾδǴ϶ϵȵؾۼֱȡȵغͳĹٵҲפأֻΪԮ

Ͽе֪ΧûձԮҲǹǵѾ£ܵ尾ֻгеĹԱա¬̫һҶ, ȫǰͬ飬ȴøǵ³

ǻʳǣʱùֵȲԮ³δرȷõĶȥ磬³еĸŹŲǶӣһ޹ձоѹҡ

ڵоƲѸֻͣ˵˼Σûһͬӭӱ㲻аաسǵĽǸ׳׺ʱҲɱУ˳˿ӣۻ˻ȥԻ˲

Ѿ˶ǧλسǵĽʿ

űǽֵʿʹеȴɰ֡ѾδѸ͵Ĺƣͬ鶼Ϊƣ϶ҳСı㽥иżӴӰ

ȻݺڹȴһձһղùޱһԣŪᣬʱĪѡ

˳ѩݺһȥΪշַס

һѩأϹһϺӷɫ磬ԲδĻű˻ϲ

ݾɫЦ⣬οǳʳģնǶӵĻϲҲʵ޷ʲôԹҲϲ˵ż黰

Сĸ׵Ļһõѩǰ˵ףʣݺϲ£Ůķﵥȡϵ

ĸæС¸л䡣

ߺһԵĻ¹תͷͻᱻ

ݺΪ⣬ѩӣ˵ɣĸŮѶûУ˺ûЩǮùˡ·Ҫ˶ϡ

С¹û뵽⣬㹧άġ

ݺûд𻰣ֻϵѩ

մսɽ䡣ԸԾ

ҹ빬ˣųɽķƣְݣ׵СӶûˡ

ݺ뵽񺣬ʱ֪ԼЩʲôֻǿڳаա

飬ȻزֵˣȻƢˣȴѶϲĻҪãΣ֮ʣҲݣ׷㡣

ѩˣȰݺعתȥȻ˻ͣӰȥ
ѩ׷ףĶë˵ߡ

ݺ̧ɡ棬źѩϸ˻ŷ»ͥЪ

ЪıǶׯϵģº»ͥǸɱ١

»ͥһֽŵĶͰˡ

λǡ

»ͥЪûдɡͷͷ˲㱡ѩԼĪǳʱѩСδϵԽԽݺԸȥɡ
˴

»ͥг˰ЪӣЪޱû˵ֻÿЦ¹Źڴ˷һо̣ԸûоŹ

λˣպܺãδΪǡȻԴǱԹɱϾбʿڴˣôҲðһ

ɽеĶݸ˵ǳһҸӵƬ⣬ǽʿζõϷʳ

ݺлӹȴδϵЪҲжҪ
֣ϡ

û뵽ЪԼ㣬һ£Ըйصл
лɡ

»ͥЪ˵һ仰㲻ˣЩɸ֣˵䡣֪ɳģǰȥ̽żƣ˳׷ҪؼȥӶЩǡ

ݺպͱǼⶳ΢΢죬ϻһȦȩ̈ЦۿЪɼǵллӣ֡

ЪԴ۽ޣӦ¡



ݺڻϴ·ϺԷ˵ƺڰ﹫ɽãҲ֪Ϊ˭ġ

Ҳеͷ£ö˶˵ľͱͻˣЪһȻֱֵģֱԺķӡοЪϤҲʼղ˜óЪҲֻйһƽˣԼҲδϾôЪȢǿϧˡ

ݺҡҡͷʵǽʿ

ӦǣҲϷСʳˡ

˵ֵ꣬ϷûгҲƲĴѩ

ݺȴ˵ϷҲ䣬һ÷Կ

¹û÷ء

ţҲڴѩУֻ³ĳޡ



ѾǰΧǣδ̫දǿҪסȴʲôƵġݺżǶ󣬱޻ؿţȴ̳븹ҪϷŪǣܲס

󣬳ҪǣΧڹ;ĸǰزʲôǵ˷飬Խڸֵ׵ļ˸ȥǽһȥԣ˭ǣֻܴӳȥ

һȻߣȴҲĸǰ˲١

ЩʱݺȴΪȾ˷纮ڹһ̫Թ˳극ŲȻȥģϴֻʣĸ̷˾ÿ

յڱͨ죬ʶ

߽ЩŷۿʪģҲ֪ǲպͿˣһֱʣôĶ

ۿᣬսݺ֣ﰵ˜䣬εսңʦһȥݣصġ

ݺշ̣ߺ˱ѣΪõˣƬ̺ͼԴִ̽ʵҪǳŲסô죿

ŲסģĪҪ˵ɥ

šͷ




31.     һǼ٣

ۿ֦ͷð˴, ʼձܲ͸ΧţսҲˣѾ˺δ֪, ԮʱǺͷ

ؽͷö, Ͼ˼е¡ŰգݺںͷЩ, аʮ, µҲδ̫Ĳݺ, ԹȻ

غһûн, ݺЩʱ, Խȥ̽ѵûͬ, ٳǰ˼£

ߵǽĻ֦, ֦ͷŻůЩ, ʢʤա
ݺϴȥҲˡ

ʵҩ, ò׳ӺЩ, ͻȻΪ˶ٴβϴֻʣ̷Ĺ, 壬ڵѻ

ǰʱޱԹк˾ƣΪʵȤݺŷڴֵǰδʲôΪʲôصèҪȻҰѱ, ǿӲץһѪۡ

ݺлޱȴɫҪ˴ֻ̫󴦡ԹŮУѵãޱӦڵʱ㲻ƽϡ

ֻģ޹ΪֻܾţίҲֻհ졣ͺ䣬ʱĺɫɪɪ

ݺ˫ȣǱ͹ŮϽŻصĹ

Ϊ¾ô˽ˣعȴŮ޿ģʸޱˡ

ޱŵɱȴɱ

ݺǿһûп޳ҹѹ޷˯˫ʹ̣ڶȥޱҪ˵ˡ

Ҳ߷ǳȴҲݺ޹ȥҲȻݺ֣Ҳֻøš

Ϊݺǿ޿䣬ޱͻȴδһֱˣʱҲܸɳһ

ݺޱʱۿۺڽҪԷ̣ȴһ̱һĶԭء

ݺ΢΢ۿص

ôĵ

һ仰û˵꣬Ǻݺһ˹ȥ

ޱ裬ݺȴȹӾܣһֱ̫ܵԼ췣ϢҲ̸ϵһµݺ飬󻹰غЪˡ

̫˼ɵݺδдãҲٽִݺַʱ˿زޱȥϴޱǿûݺĸҴ

ܷݺٴβЪǰֻ̽èݺȴˣôҪ

ůЩʱͥԺӻˣ˜ǽͷӰĿɲ䣬ʱѾȥһ꣬˜ڣҲûˡʲôסӵĶһȥ



Ŵ⽥ŨʼûбݣʿǱ㽥иˣ仹ԪƻᡣݺߥЪȥ͵ƻᣬЪԴǵؾܾЪȥأϣбǿȴؾȻһɾȥʫ֡

ڳǽ봺գ˰ɾʱѾָȻʼǡ
𼤽͵ūоͱµ֣ѾҲ֪˭죬оŲæȹʱȴÿһܲгפصȱ©Ъͼλͬŵ಼ֱȫ̻Ϊ£ȴ뵽˵Ĵ󽫾ڷгͽ

νɱ죬ţ˵ӣκκһųܵľ٣ԹλδƢԵ㡣

˶ΪֻصֺùݣȻһϦ֮䣬ųغӺȻ췴Ͷ˶ԳѾе˰Χʹӭӵоص֪ϢҲ˷Ȼƿ˹һʱ˽

û̱ɱҲûбǱߣȥŴ󿪣Ѿ̤ʹ

ȻǣнУΪ˲˼գǽˡ

Ϣʹܿ죬ݺɻΪѾǰȺ鼤ܵĹԱǺȻõһϢͨˡ

ֱȡǵѾ֮һеǱļ鳼㡣

Ҫ췴˭ҲסƽʵҲ꣬˿֣췴ֻǱȻ˶Ѿ;С˭ϵЯһ򳤰ǡ

ƽٶ˱ɱǣֵ߽Ϊ潡ʹ񾡹룬ϣұ˵һ岢֣һϢĶȮƱҪƴݣ˺ѪܵƤ

رţ޲ûӽǧС㵱û˵ôȾƵЩɾһ͸
ϴЦȴɲ

޳ܣҸĸԴ㲻ȴ𱨣ҿۣȻĵļ˼ķޣ

͵סӣ졣
Цһдгݵĺ⣺ҲΪΪ䵽أʱҲ壬ȷίߡ㸸ʲλĴˣ˴֮λٱţһֻʣҶҲΪյĹ֮λεģ

˵ɿ֣Įؿؿԡ

֪࣬ŭӣ㾹ıɻ꣬ٸҹͬвн
㣡־ɱң

ЦһקƫԸ

֪ԼˣȻ˿лЩӡƽһͷνҾڵ֪˽ŵɱʱ¶ֻҪܻȥضصǸ

Ϊ˵̼潼ˣŰޱԥǿ顣
㵱ȻƽκαʱҲǿűѾõٻõ³ֻ˵ǱӦˬ˜üֵֽնݳˡ

Ļֽ߬ȭŭסڣ

һ:ڣ

ûشʹȥˡ

΢䣬˜ģ

ô֪һ˜ı飬ɫͱùΪ˜ǿ˺üͷ˭뵽ɷ°ĵʦȻⳡҵ֣һݵһʦڳ࣬νֲ



Ŵ󿪣Ҿӿ룬нһƬѾ˧ʮǷ̫ľɲ֮һ뿪ʮأܶķߺŭֻܳյĹ͢йȥ޶Ҫ

ͷ޼ɵʿɱӣ֮һƬǽ塣

ǱƵʱ̫빬У˺¶ѳֻΪɺͻȻԸźƾܣǿӲذס඾ơ

ԹŮܣ̫ݺҲԸ⣬Ȼδ̫ߵĹŮ඾ƣǺ³ȴǺȽȥһЩܣοʽޣǶȽȥһڲ˵ģǿܣѾܿˡ

ݺֻ֪㶼Ѿͳ˧ĸӣνɱĹˣ뿪˴˴

ᣬδгһջ£ֻݺϴȥƫ٣ų̈뿪

ݺ̫в֪ݣһ·ͣЪܣڵʧȥˣ˷ǽʹ亹ֹǿ̲ʵѾͳ컹кˣأںδ

龪ȣһߺޣ˶˵з⣬ķ˜ҵȻԭҲǸ֮ĵСˣ

ΪԼˣһ飺֮ģ˭

ʦ˜˴ι򳤰ֱʣ

֣ݺѪҺͬͰ㣬ûػ䡣

ԭһжн͵ġһжǼ٣ֻ棬ֻΪ˜顣

ݺЦԽЦԽظۣΪ̼ˣȴۡ

ʽ㣬ǻܰɣڲĵʱ򡣡˵꣬ȥ

мĴӣݺڴ˴ָǴ󺰣ĻӺ;Ź

պнŲˣŵøεѣܲݺȾܡ
ݺ֪Լۣ˦֣ǿӲҷֿӣҪˡ

в̣ȴҧʽ㱣ء

ݺʹԽԽңֻôӽ·صϴ뿴һϴǷڡ·ɢŹ˺ͱʬݺǿſ־壬һ߼˶̽

صϴʱſڿ˵Ѫۣ뵽⣬һı߸ߵ𣬴߽˹Ů˻ȡݺĶð亹ڲУ˿ͷθʹղȣȴԼĹ衣

ŮڿһȻݺȴ̷˰еǾŹҪҵŹҰɣ

żеѾһߵͷһţͷȦ¶ὣݺ

ͷݺɫҰ׵غˣŮæ뿪ѾδȥЦ˵ҲǸӣ֪ǹڼܵܣ






32.     ûп𣿡

һǰ, ݺֱۿתΪº͵Ļʵܻ뿪, Ȼ˿̾ͼͷ­ڵմҳ

˜Ѿ֮, ǳ͢Ǳͽ´ҳҰֱ, ȫٲƲ

񿴵ݺŵò˵, ٵЦȻѪ, Щ󱲣

ݺȥϵͷ­, Ҳϵʹ, ֻܱһϣ, ʵǵʦҪ𣿡

Ŀ𺣬Цһ, ȻԶȺ޲ʳƤ, Ինݳҽձǵרɱ, 㻹Ե, ܺȫʬ

ɫ԰׵, Ҳ֪ʹǿ־壬սֶڷ
˜ʼնǷνֳ٣ƽ£ȫļٻ

ﻪͥѪȥʮأȾλǴӺģٻ㰲ܡȴжٿǵ£޶ƺǺ޼, ӥ㶢еĵеѪĵŴ˵ĺâ

Ҳ˵ҲӦǺң𣿡ݺ̧ۣŻȻԺӻѾôˣֻһֱڲУδⴰⴺ⡣

ͻΪǿװʱ䣬㲻ͷشߴٵٷϻҲɱ㣬䵽ϣΪԼܹգ

ݺҲûˣ۵վǿĶӲһ֡

ֻǾѹջڵ˜չ

ôʮϲˣʵδϡ˜ǽȤèȮΪǶȤĶҲö

ôʶһʱʹ飬ĻᶼûС

ݺԼվһ޴ıϣˮǣ𻨾𣬱֮Щһδñѷ죬ֱ񣬱㳹ˣҲҲĵطô뺮ˮ
ֻܸܵϢͳǵ䣬Щҵģ޴ƭ顣

ǲͷҪ߽ݺȴͻȻЩԼĽŲĺǵسſȥͼݺѾеĽᵽ˲ϡ

㡭

δ˵꣬ݺճ£ϴҲͻȻϵǹеһȻѪֹǳһ

ݺµʱЪס§뻳УԼѪ˿ڣһȴͻȻ۵³һѪȾɺؿڼٵţǱϰڱ

ųǹס񣬻ͷһۣʱ˫ۣŭ񣬺˭׼ôģ

ЪݺĺţͿ첽ߣæһ䣺ȥĶ

ЪŲδͣ䡣лӺ⣬ĳжҴʬо˼̤

ſͷ­ֱѨֱӺƴɱҪһ߸񵲣һ߷ܣһŮ˰סֽţҪˣ㾹Ҳӡδ˾ȥҿη㣡

˵վҪȥ׷ЪҪݺûжˣƥ֮вĵѵҪͷز⣬Ȼ϶ΪĺһСﶼŹ

ս꣬ɵˣȲ׳кͣ£ֻܷ༥ҵһ˫ŮɱʱвҲǳϧ

ŭڴ˴ȥ׷һۣϵͷҪߡŭȥ׼ߣʬ׷£˜ҪҪҶϣƥʿڹɱӣǽ˽ôˣ

ջ𣬶ͷᵶȥ



壬ѩѵõĺ

϶ƮĻ꣬ӳǽҡҷӻѩ

лҲҪˡ

ޱʱ˹ŮѣȴûӹˣĸʱΪ˰ѾѾɱˡ͹еһЩŮٻ߹һԶͤһµӡ

Ѿ֮˜ʼԼǰûðλʦ

ȻܿƽȥˣһĽʿŴ߽ƺʲôң·ϻŭĵű˴ˣȻһͣס˽ţƺŭҲҵ˸Դ㣬ݺݵغһ
ޱ

ޱһæͷѹ㣬ŭǹͥ˻һĿղסĺ⣬Ųȴͣɭҵš

ޱɪɪںᣬ̲סԹĸʣԹ߲˵ĵ񣬻ܵسǽʿΪЩ˲ź䵽أǧĹʱܹί
Թƽ͵͵̧ͤǴִ

ͤŲٲľߴĻڱչ⣬ż˜ϣͬϵİ÷һ㡣
ߵɫҪƽ٣ĬȻһȻз紵֦ͷӻʹת˽ȾѪϡ

׵ĻѪȶ֮¸Ŀ

˜лҵ֣Ѿʲôƿ֮ˣҲǣʱżмҲֻһйء

ΪӦһʧһжԤϺõ·ߣȻһ˳Ԥ֮⣬ͬÿһ㡣
˵ĻʶԸš

ݺˣӡУСض󣬲ҷҲԸϽֻᰲһ籰΢ֺáˣںܳһʱֻҪ־̲סü

ôܻأδù

˜ûʲô飬̲סвȴЩˣ֪ᷣɱһ֮ŮαؿϧɱҲӦãձʹ

Ȼһ̣˜һĪ⡣

ûп𣿡

һ£䲻⣬Ǵδ

˜ƫȥָڴһֻµְսָǶδʹ



Ϣпеľ˻ģѾ

һȴþٹ𾪡

ƳѾͳĻѪ̫ĵճӣʮǰĻ̫

Ъգһ˵»ͥȥ˜һΣƺʲô»ͥߺ˜ɱ˵ȥ˴ɼȻлⲻ˜жĥɱ¿ˡ

һǰЪǵһף볯͢иӣҵûºǰָ̣ȥƽȻֻǲֵһС£ƽҲûƴǣºȹһѹءƽıΪ޷תжƽŮӹա

һֱǵЪԼȥݺʱ۳ʲôֻܾǺ⣬ֻһݺûܾ

Ъȫǳ˽ģȴŹֵûܷ

˜֪ЪݺʬȴҲֻǹʱͨ˱㿪ڡ

Ъһλ㣬Ϊ˵ǺһңҲ͸¶ݺ䡣˜ûȥΪѣֻЪĽԶʮֲ

֪뾩ʱգݺ˻飬δЪؾȰɱˣȥҴͻˣ˭֪еء

ôеء




33.     Ƿ˻ʲô

һֱ, ˜ȻûҪɱݺ˼ΪʲôʹΪݳһ, ˜һ, ƺǱʲôǣסֽšڴһƬǽĳʱ˳ɱ˼ߵİ֡

ȻǼõ, ƺҲǷʲô, Ҫ˵дҲûüֹ, Ҳ䵽Լ̵ĵز

Ժɧ, ֻȻ˼ûʲô, Ժ˳Ҫȥֺõ, 䵽˜ϻñĥ

ô򵥶벻ͨ治ôġ

Щ˵, 㻹Щҵġȥ£֪˜Ǹ, 뾡ѣȨ֪, ȲҲΪŰ

˜Ӧ˳, Ļ⽫ݺ˻ʹ, ˶ȻҪŭˡҲЩΪݺƸһС䵱£û뵽ײ˲˵ҲûҪס˼

ƺȴҲ£䱣¿ǸɵĵӦ֡Ǽ޹ؽҪ£ȴס˜Ĳġ

ɵ׸û, Լ

򵥽䣬Ҳľ㵣Թ̴ͨص״ڿ̴ɫΪѵʱ⣬ʵһֱң

ڿȥĴĶˡ

ںЦЦϴһЩȥǵýָ׼ˡ

͵ϱӳѪۣ

̴һͬ߳Ժź̲סѹʵǹʲô񣬰ѹ
صΪնˡ

̴ɫӣŤǰȥ˳ʫ磬϶òӣδ飬㽫˶

δ˵꣬;кβãҪ㣬ʵǲ֪ô

̴β䣺˿ˣһͷ˼ŻЩȥ

Ǳ㲻˵ˡ


УЪĽھӪһҲĵӣСȴⲻﲻ

ҲȥЪμӴǲⳤǣЪڣǽܶ˱ھǰ˼ҡԴӸĸײ϶Ա޶Źԩ޴ߣֻýЪȥ˸ңԼ˴˼ҵŮ΢ãܵܶ顣

ЪףΪһֱž˸ĸŰû˱īòȼľ֣̿˴дţüǮȥ鿴ЩҲǺ֪ȥ괺ǰǸգǽھΪƾ΢Ǯڳȷؽ簾ţȴǿʼȲˣȻҩ̿ЪǽϿѧӣҪ̧ҩۡ

ﲡеҩ̵ǰЪһϴ׵ۣʪ͸ˣµˮҩϰ岻ͨڣȥ

Ъʮ飬Ҿƶȴʼδ۹һ΢̬ʲôҲƴ֣κξþ˪ȴ̲סڴ˴ʼҡ

׼µʱһֱֻ۷סԼҲѴʪοһˮա

ʶȥȴǸСӰӹɤмֽΣˮҩϰ˵һ뾩ϿѧӣϰΪѣպ˵볯Ϊ٣ǻᵹùġ

ϰ彫ɨһۣ䳰ȷһСӣĶͨı£Ҫҩɡ

˵ġŮݽޣһǸ˼ҵĴС㣬˵ҩǮϰҩ

ߵʱҲûϸЪֻ̲סСѣҪЩǧҪУպڶ

ЪŰõҩݣ΢ʪĶգһͦεĲʼնĬԵ΢ͷֻ˵̧΢ۣ֣صص˵ͷ˵˾á

ֻ֮٣ͽɽʱС˸ɾ

ֻЪܼǵյʵ䡣



ｫõĵĽĴЦ̵غ˼䣬˲עʱ򣬴ѹʮΪѵ˵ҾȲˣҩأѰ˰ɣвý鵽

ΧЦذһൣҾĶˣúõҩģ󶼳ɡ

ӹ㣬ûصһۣ̾Сɾأɻˣ

ոջҲǲʡѹɤţ˵󻹿ܣ֪Ҳԣ̾˵ߡ

￴ߺ̾ϢֹһԴֵĽ˼䣬Լ㾻ˡۿЪΪģ˵ˣҲҪȰźã죬Ҳ㾡ȫֻãҪ̫

ϴԺԺſûżҩ㣬Ϊѧ̰ͯʱšüëȥҪ̤ȴȻҪ˵ĻһظðĻ磬ûӰؾͽп籩ɢˣӲɸƵض¡

Ժվʮˣ׵֣վǴͬɷվԭǴҲҳƬ̺żһ˱ŮӴ߳

ŮӼ羱ϲŵİײ΢΢ѪСرţĴϸĻ˱һ㡣ʶ壬вǺѪĭ˪׵½ŪһѪգѩɢһغ÷㡣

ҲգǽУԷѪǺ

ϴ飬ԥҪҪгЪԷƳһۣ˵ɱ㣬ȸ

ЪļլԶҲ󣬱ͬ˵ʮֺᣬСͽס

ҩͯܿȥļլ˵ﾪ̲ס˼䣬ѵûгȰʲô

ݺ£ԲǺѽܡֻΪ⼸ΣҲܿ˜ӦǷҪɱйߡбǲԸġʵѪԵ㣬ݺĸѪݺҲãҲ֡

Ъ˽㴫Ļбˣһʱȴδܾʱ˜δǻһ׮

˜ֶΣҵ£ֻһȷʵ̫磬ԤϵĻҪ졣

ߢիУϴһŵ۵Ůʲôʵشʲôŵһ亹ʹвҲƮ

úŮڲȥǮԸɽ˵˭˶Ҳֻ˵δŮ˜

Ǯ뻳Уȴʼղ߳ȥĽŲڷ飬ͷҲһصؾ뿪ˡ

˜վڰ׼࣬Ŀδ뿪ݺ԰ѪɫաƼ˳ţʵǷҪǳȥԷ󻼡

αˣҲЩȥţҩͯҽ͸¶֡

ˡƵ뿪ʱҲˡ

г˻Բѵݺֻʣ˜һʵ۵Ůڡ

׼ݺҩſԼǸɫĹˡ
䴫˵޼ҵŮҪɻ飬λ𣿡

ʦʱҲѧˣЩ׽Ӱĺˣ޻̸֮мȥ͡

С羱˿ںδ˼Ҫҵòȼʱ˰Ҳʱˣ⽣඾ȴôЩգҪЩͷˡ׼мϧȻʶݺġ

Ȼ˜ɫȻһ䣬常㣿

ʦ븸к޹أȨĪھΪշַףǡԶԶһۣʦδЩˡ׼ҲûװʲôƵЦ˜ʮֲģĿ˜һͻɺ㶼μġ

ŰݷҽΣҲ﹧׼ӦвȡݺЩӡ󣬾ҲԵ˜ҪԼҩ¶

ǱʦˣҪκù

ֻҪžͺã»ͥǼ٣ıԼľ

׼ȻѺ쳾ŮڣȴҲλз財ʦʮֺ棬ϡΪλϲ֮ŮοмԵоͲùŹ𣿡

˜£Цװˣֻɨһۣܵʦȥ˵ǷӣǷ˻ʲô

ȻҲйԶйƾܣƫݺҪǰȻ˵Ҫҹ·ǰ·ڿɲҲ׼;
˵ǣǳ֮Ů֮ޣ˜֡






34.     ج𣿡

ݵйΪʵ۱ֵõ, 췴ϢǱ֪󣬻ϵ˹ȥѳ˴Ȩд¸Ļ, ٹĲ, ҪҷλȴҲ֪ƴ, ֵֿѾҪ, ҲֻʱȨƵۡ

߻ʵԶ, ⲻѾΣ, ڸʱ򳤰Ҳû, ܾƴ, Ҳ֪ڼظʲôǰû֧ţһ־ıСȻܿ˜Ĵű, һѾһģ½жͷͶȨ

ʱݿ, Ĵ־ŭתһ룬˵˜ṳ̄ܵİ, óǳ, Ҳʱ

˜ıʿ, ᣬͶ볯м£ȴնƿأ£ԼճдȨٽҾơΪλ֮һس˜г˲˼ȨƵݣҲڳһ͢

µļٱǼլڳ޷, ̬ͨıȥ˜ʾˣֻмϵͷڱﰵеͬš

»֮ͥһݺ޷ѩޣֻܳ˴ǳʡЪȴһ㣬ȲֺҲܻ䣬ֻñֵĹ£ƺ⹬ε˭ں»ͥŷȥеʱȻȻλ˭ЪҪĲ˼ΣյǺǻ

龪һﻻ˸ȻҲ۵÷зȴҲǵճʲôӰ죬ʲôʲôֻżһⳡʣѩշĹ

ݺûȴҲʼûѹ˜ð׼ͻعҲտȻ׼ʮֲռǰˣ˸ͷƾܡ

˽£ڼֻżԺҲǱסһ㣬в˵׼ιҩʮּѣȫ˳˜ɫһһ

ۿݺ弸ˣߢի㱻һŮð׼˿С

ڼϵݺ̾ͺۿ̲סǰ

׼ʱߢիտݺżݺ˵ģֶ϶ĻշԸÿҪļҪ˜

ÿնЩʲôһͻѾڹɱ˵Ļ档ĶѺõˣݺҲͻȻ췭ظ˸ס

ݺõ£պҪһҲܰ˳ع°뱲ˡ

պ˜ֻܶŻԲѵݺԹ˵˜αھв̵ɱһˡ



Ъɡںӱվáˮɡˮбͳѹʯ·ԽԽͣ¡

ӣЪô

Ҳͬ˼ֱݣƺǿž˵

ڼݾŹǶԷֽʱ૵ʹפ㣬һֱŻֽȼ

ȻҲ벻οķ
ȥݣ־ݺӦҲϾҲһݣݺģȴ˳Ǻѡ

˽̷ȴҲĥ־壬ޱ󺰴СİֻʱޱʱԽܹĿ໹ȥЩõˣһҲŹ
䵽յĵزҶ롣

ЪûлشĻĿͣ˱ˮʪĻҽϡ

뿴Լ˼ȥˡ

˿ббƮ˴ҳʪȥشʱ˸OO@@ĶžʰæתȥŷݺǻѪߣǱеѪǺˡ

æȥСƫͷѪӴ򢣬һſ³һڣɫǰ˵ǽĵ׷

ҪˣȴסˣһŤͷͼѾõ۶ɻ



ݺûۣɤҲʮָɬѿڵˮ

Ҷǣ˿ڣ̷£ȥ˱ˮΪʱֶڶ

ݺᣬҲģˮǿһƬңҲǵԼΪλ˲ϲŵĲᴥһ±۵úܣɻۡôˣ

һ£漴̽ǵ⼸յ𣿡

ʶҡͷͳ˿ڣ̾˿ɤɸɬơҲ֪ܶණǲҵŮҼǵ㣬ʲô֣

ˡ̲ס޺޵˵Ѿ뾩ǣѾһεˣҳӱЩˡ֣ȴǲ֮¡Īˣ

ݺڻԵʱһֱΣɲĻ棬һѣ̲סˣӿƲס΢΢Һǵáһ·ᱡңҪɱҡ

һᱡ֣һÿּҧгݡʦ˜˻ӣɱ˳еĹԱֶον޹߻ƭˣһ仰ҲĪҪţ

Ķأ绹𣿡

ѹеı͵ܻضسӡ

ݺʣԺô죬Ķ

ѹ˵˴ǳǵһԺһŮڵסʱտȻˣū澱һӳȥұ¡

ݺͷۣʮֻңֻǵƬΣʺʱȥĳЪǱһ˱ڻĻ档Ƭ̺̽Ҽǵò֮ǰ𣿡

һǺòǻֽ˜ˣҪһڷ񶨣ԹԵ˵ǳһɾ̲ģ

ͷ˼ڤʱһмָ̾ģ˜ǰصģ²ѹҪȥһˣˣӦҲȥˡ

ЪǾſã˶٣¶İֱ˵ʮϲˣлԼ˿ޣ˜ݾǣɻˡ

ݺţûʲôʵǲˣҲѹֻе˵˜ֵʱʶ߬䣬ĿڴǱʲôһʹ

ֱһظǸʹηĳˡ


ݺϸϴ꣬ι嵭෹ǰȰؽҩݺ»ȥЪϢ

׼ҹֻ򵥵䣬ûнֱ̽ҹ˜ߢի

ݺĻֻҪֵ˯װڻԵӱ㹻ˡ

ֻû뵽ԭװ˯Ҳô򵥵¡

ֻҪ˯˱جβϣһʱ㱻ˣиойǳҩ㣬塣

ݺ˲㽩סӣǿסԼҪκζ

Щ£Ȼһֱûʲô׵ȳƵĺһ

һıţԼ޹İԾ̲סģԼҪ¶

Ƭ̺ԵʼûʲôһĻƽʱ򣬴齺Ȼһ¡ƺǳֱۣڴ

һֻ綾һ㣬СƵƣݺָܿ߬ͱˡ

ج𣿡

˜ӣһֻסģһֻֽķ˿

ݺΪʲôȻܿĶͣˣ˻ȥ




35.     Щѹ

˵, ݺװɻԵӣÿиһӳȥ

ݺҹ˜ʱǳĺ;Ī, Ȼܰ, Ҫ뿪ָֻԼˣȻ, Ϊ˵, Ǳĥϡ

ԴѺ, ݺҲڽָ, ߼·ҪϢˡһҩ, ̺, ˵׼ŵİ׼

׼˿бỻؾĵ۳ΨһױαǷϵڡ߻һͯ, ʱ򶼻ҡ

˜ĺߢի˽, ͬóȥ

ݺȰ׼Ҫȴ, һ˴㡣

׼Ҫȥʱ, ļ, Ϊݺʲô£̻ȥͯҲſظȥ

ź󣬴׼ݺۼֿؽΣݺͯӳҪ֮ǰôƬ򢣬в
˶٣ƺ˾вҪЩ, 㲹һ䣺ǣЩնлտ

ͯӾȻˣܿȵƽҲû˼ƺԶߡ֪Ǹˣ˵ʱҲûУСݺﻹͣЩɣҪйλ֪ˣҪܡ

ݺɫһףõ˵ҲܲĶȥ
԰վͲͯ˵ʲôѸ

ݺͯӵ°һķ٣а˷ˣֻǰϸĴᷢ쳣°׼ۣŵڴϣԼһۣ˴ѱõĻ沿

ͯӱסţֻ۰ͰͿһк뿪

źˣڻнǳǵֻҪأݺɣȵݺͻϵ˻ͣٽļ˽ߣһжȥ

չЩĿǵĹŮдñķУ˶Ҳ֡

ߢիſڵɰ׼ûжӣ̸ҲûС

ݺĲϻŰײĻ뿴ϴɫԲۣɿϵţԵνһûʲôӻǳȥˡ

һбҪס

ݺߢիԺŵһ÷ɿ죬һȥȥĲֱ

δԣĴߴ¿ټŸȥΪ˱鷳ǰݺ׼ҲˣԷʱ·ֲ
ߵûƽȣժñݺľƣ˵ȳ˳ǣ޷£ū澱ǰפῴŹ衭

ݺҳһţļȫɢҶģģѡԵȴѡԵؼסʲô
أʲôʱܻǴ󽫾һԽ

ݺʮѾʱȥһףûУҲûʲô˼ǵãѾطʮ꣬һڽĻһĬؿţҡõҲ࣬ȴһûܱ⡣

ӻƽ£ֻкúûŲл

ݺ˼Ƭ̣ޱ𣿡

һ£ǰϢҡҡͷлŵ˱ӽ̷ȳ衣Ǳȱжڹûһ⡣

ݺţָսۿ̲סȣһ˲ҲϲҲ֪Ƕж񱨣ɻǾòܡޱҲҽ㣬ٳһߣȴ³

֪ΪޱĿ̫ûϢЩȴ̲סĵǹᡣ

ûȰ֪ΰο

ݺͺһ㣬һֻݺ㽿ػţһȴʳǵĵط

Ϣֵ֦ͷܲ˼ȡذһ磬ǵСҲǹ˵ĵͻʽֵ䡣

ֱһϢ֦ͷȻˣ⧲Ӷˤû˰δشһëҲòٹ⻪

ȥĹ⻷һС

ݺ̧΢ۿͺˣ϶һʲôˡ

ûøصľҪ¡ط׺ʧƣ׷ŹضǧټƵĥ裬ͱݺһȲߵ

ͻȻһ£üʳ򣺡жòܳǣ

ˡ

ȥʮᣬģƿ⿴ȻԶ·ǻһǳݺҡͷָָ

ݺᣬ˵һ䣺ǰмҸӣ³ݵģȺŰɡ

λ˲Ǹʱ𣿡

ݺⲻͷ־Ųˣ𣿡

ûͣ¡

˲亹ݺʱֶ΢ݺǿװ򶨣һͬ˵ĸȥ̹߳߱սӣ׼·ȥſڡ

ղߣǾˡ
ݺߵĿЩȻ̫ӲƵط飬ɫ׵طǽ

кδʣ

ǿҡҡͷްߡ

̧ͷҪߣŲ죬ͥŲÿһ̤ϣǣӿ졣

һдǶǵЦ⡣

ҹһϼĿ־ָƲס

ͷңһͷɿܡ

ܿһͷҲվһűȥס

ӿֱˣֻܻηΪŭ𣬺˜ұȹждԣͷ뿪

˜ƺŲһ̾ܵγˮĻûʹаֶݣֻĮɨһۣǰǿˡ

ݺ

ǾͲɱη飬˜Ųһ٣ת˵ŭ˹ȥ

ӵ˶סˣ˜һ̧֣ǱΣô˴ֻǶһ㡣

ݺͷ۵ﶼѪɵĻ棬ʱ̲סˣӼǽϡ

΢ü£ֽķ˿˶

һͻݺֻ䣬еĵһǾŲݾܾǿƺͲƣ˿ûа컣ıߡ

˜ͣλãŰײ糿Żҩ
ɤţ΢΢ơ㵱ʱôģ

ݺ˼أԵͷҿ

ϻش˜ҲգµգٿڣԵᣬҪԸ߰ɣЩ꣬Ȼȥҩͼˡ

Զܸ֮©ٳвѾ˼Ҫǣ޷һȦҰޣؿȿ΢־ܽƻȥ

˜ȥ̵֣رܿһǴʹվԭأǴЦ˶ơŮֽţȿһֻȽϺã

ݺ𾪵̧ͷǱȵβ͵èַŭؿڣ˵ò

ֽŲˡ˜ᶼҪˣЩѹ

ݺϸĺ黰㣬һ뵽˵ݣĵ׸ӵִöġ

ȻϣݺΪԼ۵ˣһֵʱûбܿ

Ƭ̣䲻һ䣺ЪζΣ

ݺЪֻԼӡټ˵ˣǹҪĵ׻Ż硣͵ĶȻõġ

˜ͣסŲޱضȲԼҲЦŭֻôţֱݺĵ׷

ڿݺ̲סˣŸߵתߡ
Ȼ͵ĸãԵʲôĶǽͣǾͻȥɡ

˜ı鿴һ糣һҲûУȴǷ
ݺѵԸȥҸӵ֣ÿݸȥһն١

ƶݺɻĿ⣬ԵĶҪ

һĨЦ˵ˣõġ






36.     Թˡ


߹ս, ʧΪƶȥƽҵıҲһ, ˜, ΢ȶЩصĺǿ½а, ڼǻZ̫ӵ

Z, Ĺʡ

һ̶ڹٵƵǰ, ǻ̶ӵĴ֡һλߴȴĬԵ, Żĳ, Ҳ˵仰, ֻԶż̸𳤰ӲŻ̧ͷ

̶ӵǿ彡׳书ǿ, ȴŹֵ˻᲻ʲôͼֱһ·߹¿ధιˮ͸ɱ, еǡ
ģƶ, ӦỵĶȥ

Ҫ˵ʲôŹ, Ǿʵһ仰ǣжõ

ķ˪Ļ¯, ܽһʯǵĵꪡ

㡱ĵꪣս翳в˰ɱˣھӪкش÷ĽʿΪʱһ汻ĥ˸ɾ׶ϸƤɹڱôֲڣ˴СС˰̣񶼽˹ɱ֮

սϣԼ׳־δ꣬ݺ, ־ԼҲҪŻص

뻤Ŵܵİգüҹս̤ȴδϵΪȨԸū˶ԿܵĽʿı͸սȴһںӱҵȥá

֮Ϣֱһº֪췴ݵϢȻֵ˳ɽ

ݵʱΪҹֲַЩͶֻȥɲ͡ӡУоԣҲᱻӱʿݡ

ǰһ̶ͬӵ׳Թִˣͨ鿴ýҪȻ͵ˣ鷳

ս˳ĵƲѹñ

׳ͻСʣͳһˣѺɲøɣ겻̫ƽѾɽûɶҪǮҪҪġ
֪⼸϶ûǮԺȶ̶Ӱˣ²ʡ½ų̶̣ӺùŰɣڳݣ

㡡šһ˵£Żȥæ

ҡҡͷֲ̾أûˣ˵˲ˣǻʹ˶ͷƽƽոҪܿࡣⲻܹ˭ǵ¡

ֿЦһɤӸɬǵҲǡ



׼޶˱һƹЩơ

ûݺ˼ϾҲֻһ޿ĹѾǺˡһҪҲ㵽˜ͷϣȫֻ¡

ݺŴߢի˜ֱҪȥʶֵسһ¡

˜̧ۿݺһΪᷢ˳ӵؿȥͺ˵㻹ˣҪǿ

η壬ֻȥԼ

˜ڻȻȴǰˡ

׼˜ݺɵطһЦûȻ˱սߣߢի徲

ݺɫһ죬֪ԼԲסǸҶԲס

˵ңûй˼˜ЩҲ׼ŭ𣬽һ·˷䡣

ݺ֪ԼôǲµģҲЩĻ档ʱһڿԣʱֿԼҹһŢɽߡ

֪ԼôͳѾеĹĻ˵ǱǸˡ
ش⣬ֻԼ˜ʲô𣬻䵽Ѳȴľء

ݺ£һʱʣȥĶˣ

˜żֺȰζȴּᶨݾܾˣ㲻̷ЩҲˡ

ݺû˵ڴ˿档ֻ֪ǰѪ𣬾޿κټƭҲʹǣһݡ

˜ٽĿڣۼеη塣

ݺ˜ǻϲȸԾģ˲㲨鶯ǰЩʲôʱΪ̫롣

Ǿòԭ򣬵·Ҫ֧ŵʱһȴֻ˷ݺǰߴߴͣ

˜ʲôƢԵľӣһܴʲôǲֻеᷳһ˿Գ֮Ϊʵ

ÿˣȴܺúûţǵĻšŻҩҲŲʹĥҹҹβýѡ

ݺջǲѹ˿־壬ʵΪûɱңµŮô࣬㲻Ҳǡ

˶˜̫Ź£ھǵСݻZ

Ե棬Ϊγٳٲλ٣

ҩ˜ӹҩ룬ݺ̾üϵӦõĹ͸ںãбһ֡

ݺǵЩ΢䣬Цϲ𣿡

ܾԼҪǸȥã˜ͻӽֶ

ݺӦֽӹҩ룬һϵĵģǿŷθһҩ֭ȥ˺üڲˮǿѹ¿ŵĿζ

ǹϲңΪȷˣ˜ָ̧֣زȥˮա

ݺѹеϲδ¶̫
Ъˣ˜ǲĳˣôʲô⡣˵òַڣ׽

ô˵ȷʵǱģΣգϢһЪ

ˣ̲ȥĲƣ˜֣ҧ̸֮ϲҸȫ岻٣ɱҲ档ұƵأֽҰһ㡣Ƿ飬ֻʣԹޣ

ݺ˵üߣ˜ȴֻ侲ؿţƬ̺һּΪ̵Ц

˵ĲΡЦЦᡣҼȻ㣬ԹһǰңҶˣϲˣҵȷûӣɱ޹ؽҪ˻׾ٵģſԾȥԡ

࣬һżƤݺǰװ˾ӡֵزװȥҲûбҪҲš

ݺָ΢΢˜֣תְѾã˾ĽʿҲδŹءڹպҴȥ

˜ЩڻйˣҸʵȷԲǣΪʲôҪҲɣӦң޲Ŷԡ

Ĺ֮λΪĸ壬ͬҲٸı֮٣˜ɱ˸ɾ⹫ţʮٻ˜ҪҪػλ˵˳˵Ӧ

ҪۣҲˣΨⲻܡ
ǲùǼΣĶ˜й⣬ӱԹޡ

˜ݶǼ٣ȻΪ˶Ҳ

Թˡ
Ĭһų˵

󲻵ʣ߳ҡ

ݺ߰ǲ⣬ﻹǾ䡰Թˡ

Թʲô

ɱ




37.  ʱ   ݺʱɫ

ûʲô֪, 绪ʢ˜ɽµһҹҲЩȥ

겢ûԵɡһУۿѪˮˮ, ȳĲ֫, ĿһƬĿĺ졣

Ӵ̽Ƥ⣬Ųҽ, µһس, 

ѱͼ, ʵϽҲʮѡٳһĻ̫, Ϊһķ, Ѿȥʮꡣ
ɱʱ, ͻ£һ, ĸ׵ƴӰӳԼɽ, ܶ㿪׷ɱ

ʱݣһ, ƶ˵Ԩ, 뿲Ը롣

˜ʼѪ, ĸѪˮеһ˵Ĳ֫ϱۡҹʱ֣μ游ƶǣ˻ߵس󺰡

꣬벻ףΪͻȻһжˡ

ʮ꣬ҹ亹죬Ǳ衣

Ϊѩ, ʵ㲻ϺãΪµʱҲһɽݺᷳԸȥɽ£ʱãҹﻹ÷ȥ˴˻ΪʲôԼҲ˵塣

£˻ɣ÷ȥҲȥˡɽְʱûж֪ڴ˴ֻŪˣǡɼñҪңŻѪȾ˴죬һϢ˵

еɮδܼʱ״ɽ·ʪУǱȼҩɽҽʦ

˜δǿֻŴ⻩һһʡⲡ֧룬ӲдӣʱеȤĸھȪ֮£ͽһѪ𹶻ޱߵ

λοࣿ

Ҳ˾ˣҪ˺ýѡ

ŸȲ˺˯ã㱼ε˴ǰôһѪȵجΡֻһƽĸȥŮǺӿһ꣬Ҫ˷ѧڳݲѧ˵
լ˶ൽϲ壬ȻҲһŮֶȡˡ

ʱΪ̫ѧң̫˳дʫ飬ĸһߺ˵һ߼ĹΡȱȱȴͻȻ˵̫ٴϻۣպǾ֮ţ֪ɷΪСŮȡҲմմպҪ̫ޱ

ɱݺʱɫءһ䣬˵ֵ֮ʱС鶯ϲˣȡ⡮ݺ֡

ѺǺڳʶûĸ̸ЦҲûʲôġ

˜֪ԼΪλΣֻԴпþ

һ˯СɮһۣϲæˮݹʩˣٲλŮʩҪˡ

ˮɬɤӻЩɳšʱˣ

Źʱ

˜˵ͷɳɳСˡ

СɮҲһȥŮʩɣɱҲŲˣһɽҹ˲Żɽŵòᡣ˵ǹĹˣҪǳǵġ

ɽʲô

ɮһ㶣Ӧ̵Щ˵Ůʩ£ɽѰȥˡ

˜ûʲô飬䵭ġ

ɮҲ̲סиǸȱ۵ģһ˿ҲûС

̾˿תҪȥOO@@شٻͷʱѾվмֲ֮С

ҵˡ

Ѿʱɽµɮ˶˯ˣʣҹ˳˜

ţӳһƬƵĹ⡣̴ζҹ磬Īʹа

ڸߴķ£иŮϹţĵשͶӰӣʹӳϣĵԽ͡

Ůȹϴδɵˮ޷ҲмɢңҲ֪ɽʱˤ˶ӡ˿أԹϣüĬġ
ƺ̫רע˿ûע⵽˿ѾĬĬá

Ĵף̧ĨĨᣬһꡭ

𱻷紵Σ˜ôվţȻҲʲôŲһ¡

˵
ޱ



ݺϵת˿ڵİײ㲻ˡ

Դӵŭӵ˜ִһͨȷûڰŹ

ȴҲֻǰÿҹҪ״򲻶صߢի˯

ݺҹجΣ˯ߺǳжͻѣ֪˜ȷЪϢûʲôľٶŭԣԾˡ

˿ڽʼªİ̺ۺڰ۵ļϣ˲е覡ݺʮֲԸվӣôһ̣Ҳ䡣

ܶʱҲ֪˜ǷΪ˯ºŵ΢ǰȥʮֹŹʮԻѵĴ齾һЩ˯ð

ֱҹ˯Ժȥӷ˿ڣȴͻȻѹȥϻһૡ

һ̣ӡ

ΰѣɵӦһûȥˡ糿£ΪΣûз

ֱҹٴδȻ齱һˣһ˫۾Ȱ㶢ϸĿʵڿª˰̡

ˣ˜Ķͷʵجˣ

Ҫʲôݺ

ҹ￴飬ֻ֪ĬһҴ˱ǣȻ˵εˡ

ݺ̫ԣˣҪ롣

ȻȻֹס⧲˜ӵ뻳С

˿ƣҩ͸Ĵձߣ̾¾ĪĻ

áͺúõࡣ

ʲôݺӲر˺ܾã벻ͨ˵Щʲôƣȴøֻܷ˵ˣȷſ

˜ֱ۷ȥ˯Ȼºͱ֣ǿӲĽԼָǶģô˯

ݺ˯ˣƵصʶ

Ժûɹ˼˯£



ݰȨƣ´ֱѡ

ݺűս¸ݣɽ˻ǰѾ֪ɷسҲָֻ˜Ĺȴҡ

̲ס룬ҲʧȥּҲǺ£벻˜ҲǱʶѡ

ߢի󣬰׼̬ȺܺơݺΪŮڶƮƮģǰ׼߸ӡƢʵ㲻ϺãһΣվԺǰͱˡ

żݺĵýҲԺЩ´ƣҲûʲôɻ䣬ʲô˵ʲô

һΪս±ģǰЩӺܿѹȥҲҲ˲ܰȡҪǮƣ๴ᣬ˜˾̼֡

ݺ⣺ֲ̼һֵ𣿡

׼ֻϣһˣֻǲɽ¶ˮһֱڡΪضٸŹµķˣҲ˵ļҡ

ݺһ£ȴԾԼǵôˣǵƺĵйһΡ

׼Цѩй飬ǸӣֻǼ飬ǰ޹ⱨΪ׬ǮˡҲ漰˽Σٵʱ˜ץס˰ѱҲתͷͶǸġ

һֱĻлˣݺŰ׼ÿճȥԽ겻ԹߵķҲãҲԽ˜ĵҹֲ˯ֻһ󱳡

˜ƺǿ˵ʲô̲סӸ˹ʵȥ

ݺ뿪

û仰ƵģԹԵȥء

Ҳ

ʣĵԽԺߣҲ÷Щ

ݺ仰ҭסˣһƵ֣Եġ

Ҳ֪ʲôĪЦһں𣿡

ӡһ䣬ײ˵ˡ

ڶ˜˵ȥ˹ݳ˿ʮ죬ݺ˺һð˷֣ͳ

һۣҡҡͷָԼĺ⣬һ̴ѣǷȣƵֵܡ

ȼǵǰϴڷʱ򣬻̲סЩ٣Ŀ˼Թ

ݺû˼ȥ˜Ļ㲻ٶ໰
ǸĿĵطǴƫŽȥģ̴Ŵȥء֪췴ʵζӳ¡оǰһֻѱèĳһͻȻ׶ϻ׺ݵؽ˸ʳˡ

ȥص·ϣݺصİٰĥѾʼպԼǰǸˡȻҪصԺʱ߳һ˺ӭײϡ

Ϣ亮ˣȻͷϡ߽ˣݺŷϵָӡԼȻǱץӳѪۡ

һ£ϣͼЦһԽ첽뿪ˣһҲ࿴ģ





38.     ƫǵ

ݺļȻ, ȴԾɼǵ󲿷ԭҪءٹĳ谮ĿãҲһҪλΪŮ, δǰ², ﷦ζҲûʲôɫ, ڹжԵӵЦ

ǰΪųƢ, ԲŶصĳӶ, ϾҲϵĸٻʱղ, ݷ, ȵһճ׽شݻٰˡ

ݺߵ, ľ鰸ǰɫҰܶ, Ϻõ̺ɢ̨ͱīͷҲ̧˵ȥ

ݺС۸, ʶЩһ뵽Ǳ˴Ψһ, ׳𵨽һ㡭㻹𣿡

͵̧ͷ, ھȣ㻹ţ
˵, ֿݺ˿Լ¶˰̣漴Ҳ˲ٿࡣ

Źϣл˵

ݺرضʵͬΪȴ빫Ϻõ, 粽ظţЪǶһ棿

룬üҼǲˡ

˵ʲô

ݺΪѵ㣬زһ¼ǲ˶ԼҲ

ǰʶ˺٣˵ƽӣЪˣôһΣ

ǲãɫɣҪʱܲҲˣ
°ţҵķûκᣬҲмήҵڣʢ˵ģȻͬ

ݺ֪ЩʱվʲôֻǾزùһˣȴǼȻںַŭϵָ۶ܿеؾԻԥὣɱ

˜ʵ˵

һ£¶ı顣ȻҲŲݻZʮǰɾˣҲ䵱ʲôͳıȨλЦ

ݺԼ֪һһ֪˜ͬѰɫˣһҴǰȱ£˜ء

Ȼ֪ݺǰڹйòã˲Ÿӵġڴˣݺϰһϣ˜ｫݺͷķڳ£ǲͶ·

ݺҲ֪ôͲźã˜ܲƾϲضǴǰйһȻǲȴʶЩ飬Ҳ֪ġ

˵ʲô

Ȼбһۣ˵Ҳ֪ˣɵˣضǱ˜ת֪ͶԹӱ㾡ȥҲ㣬ֻǴӽ㲻ǴܵĹպ˜ܣʶ಻顣һ輧֮ŮûйҲϡ档

ݺñҲסЩŭˣƵȻԸ㣬ƾΪҾͰܴ衣ֻΪޱųһūϥֺó𣿡

뵽Ĵƺ˵ȥΣǻطѹˡͬΪȴҲ֮𣬸ֺۿңʳ֮»Ҿ֮£ңȴҲʼնңҵסԸ볣ɽվʿɻң϶ҲԸ𣿡

˵˵ۿʪˣƫȥء

ؿĳƫƫԸʵͼԼˣȴʼƣˣҲʫϸĽ̵ʹж˱ԼݶȴҪ߸ϳ΢

ݺôգδ̽Ĵ֮ǰлЩòԼΪ֪滰˵Ҫ䳰ȷ

һƺҲ֪Լðݺ뵽ΨһֻܻȥȰοҵĴúҴ㲻졣ҽֻԾȣĪҪһʱʧ

ݺȻ֪߸ϹˣʵصǸȱͷˣµǶûѡ˜جΣǸ׳ķӣպʲôв֪ߡ

ؼݺͷ˼ˣ˵ҷֻǵǲŹ⼤㣬Ȼûбܵ˼Ҳͷˡ˜ϲ㣬룬ֻмɲŭ

֪ݺԼ³ص˼֮ǰһ䡣Ҳɱˡ

Ѫȳ棬ȴʼǸֻûСǰЩʬģηˣؽȥд˜ʵЩű߼ˡ

رĵɱˣҿò

ݺһҿعˡ

˼ùЩɱԼ

ظûˣô˵Ҫҿ㼸䲻ɣ
Ϊŭ𣬷ΪݺĵȫȻɢˡݺģЩң˜еĲޱ

ݺĬĬ˵һʱգбѣȴأôġһ˜ίߣ˻һͬӳȥͶʷ

أؼֱҪ̲סЦˡ飬㲻ԴܽɽʹΪɥ֮Ȯ

ݺ뵽ϵָۣһʱҲö˵֪֮鲻ۣպ˻Աȥ

һʱ˴ݺߢիǰ̽㡵䣬һʧһնѻҪˡ

ڹ˵ĻԼ֪ⲻǭ¿Ҫ׾ӵķʽȥԾȰˡ˜ǵʦɼıƾʲôܿӶҵӳȥ

ݺֻǾòġ˜ȴҪͬ齹ؿıӡ

˜ĸܣҲһĸʸˣƫǵ⡣

ֻҪһղõ㡵ϢͲ

ϳ㡣û˭ֵġ



ݰѾʼԤǡñս¸ݣ

ΪЩ±˜ǿӲٽȥΪ˺۲ԸţȴһٴߣҪ˜ǹΪ֮ˡ

ȻȽ˹˜һ㴩Ű£巵ȥҪ¡εʦְ֮ʱ˜Ѿʼۣн಻ӣٳ˷Ҫװģ³ΪʡԳһˣȴţ˹ǳα

һûлʵ۵ĳ͢ŷ

ǿѹ巵ʵ˻ͳѪλ̽ȡһ㣬ΪλҪѣ

˜ƳһۣĿ䵽Ϻ˶٣ʵְˣ

㱾òѹȥĻ𣬾ͱƮƮһȼˡδ뵽ģճļ¡

˜̹ҲãݺּΪӣ˵ҵļҲΪ

㱻ⷬ޳ܵĻ㵵ã˼Ŵ䵽˜ҲòȥȻǷȴҲ֪£˜ȫȻˡ
֪ػᲪȻŭ˼

˜ںЦЦǰЩʱǵ³ҲˣľϢ֪ξ常常Ҳӡ֪ݺķֻϰٱ

ɫһݣսȭһӽȻ˶˵̸˿ûĴֻرԹ͸ˣȫˣѵ񲿻ȴö졣ǧ޼һѻѷ⹷ʵɱ֮ΪǿиɣǽɶҪԥ

˜ôõĵʦȻʮ

Щµĳʲô¶Ҫ࣬ƫƫҪ²Ҵš

㻹һѡ뿪Щò٣ĳЩȷʵùˡ
ȨƣıȴڣūܵķӣƶʱҲھУ˵ûĹͣš

˜磬ĳһֲòϣֻ˜ԹǴʢţ̵ҲʼŽȻͬһ㡣

ԼΪҳ䱻ҲΪ˱ݹں²ṳ̄ܵİա

˜أ

ɨ˜Թһ²ؼĮȻ

ǻ̫󱻰ȥٹ⣬Ѫһ˲˜ûѡ߽ݾ𡣴˴ιݳ֮ŵ֪Ǩȥݶֻѡı˜м֮Ϊ顣

չͬ






39.     Ϊһʣʲô

һӺ, ݺ彥תʧȥļҲڻָĵεζܼ, Ψ˜Щ, ʼ鲻

µҲʮ˜ķԸοס, вԱ߽ѯʡ

ÿնһ, ٺõĶҲҪ, ݺÿն, ࿴һ۵ûˡ

׼鵭ϲ, ݺ彥ת, ˜˽ߡ

˜Ҳȥߢիۣ³ȥһˡ

һ, ݺŰ׼ͯһɹӱһ˫׶ȳƵֱһź¶

ϸ˲㱡, ֱ۳Ϣţͯ˵, Ųͷȥ, ŷ˜ˡ

ݺɫһ, ʶ

˜Ķͱ۵ףȥ׼˵ҽ

׼ӦˣݺҩʵҿЩҩС±ͣˣ档

ͷߵݺ߽ӵ⿪, ΢ָ¶ֱۣһҪˣһ˻ȥ

˜ͬĵִһ㣬Ϊҵķ˿ȥϱ

ݺڵؽվţȴԼ˵Ļ

ȥֺ˜ǣֻ˾裬زܵõ뿪

˜ݺԸԣԿڳڼ¡˜ȴƣһȻųڰֽҳ⣬֪ʱ˯ˡ

˜ҹͬ齶ߣʮ˯Ǽ˯ƽȣ㽫ԼķԼϣζʱͷڼӲĳڡ

ֵ󣬴죬ƿҪײ˜۸ݺϵһĻڿв֪ò˵ˡ

˜̧ۿ˵̫ˡ

ᣬ֪Ȥºǰ

ƽǲģ̤ˣȻԸŹá

һо׷İ̽ӭһڶ̶ӣ̽ıɢˣڼˣִá󾹰˵

վһ߿ָָ֣㣬˻ʢ˵̶һʹ̶ӵ˲ҲŭǺ

һۣƲһѪܵͷֱӳȺһӣǷߵ̽ӡ̶Ӽ˾һ㣬ŵùֽУ׷ƫͷȥٿ

̶ӵ˶ؿƣȴɫƵ˵˶ɢ˰ɡ

ȻҲòµ˜ڲԶҪ˵ã̶ӵĴһ𣺡Уǵ˻裬²ܾôˣ

ҧгݵҿǲ֪

ûҪȰܵ˼ֻ˵ҪҪɱȰҼҹӲϲ֣֣ζҵ¡ڲȰԺײɾͱҼҹƢԲˡ

˜ʲô˼

øλ·˼

˻һ˻ȻŻߴߴϷİ̾ûһ

˭֪ܲ˜ݣ񳤰İĬµ

ɱϣԼ˶ɱ˹ڹǽɵ˭üͷǱǲú³

̶ȻҲ֪ȻŻһŭݵĺǣͻȻѻȸˣõ˽ͳϸϡ

ĪҲ˿վ·

ƴ꣬ص˼ݳ

һȺ˶û죬ʶˣ׷ۣĿһ͵ȥѹʯשϵš

òԶˣҲû˸ҵһֻ㿴ҿĶӡ

̶һñʼһԲҲһֻۣʱս˳

һֱ˹ݺԺתѣͷһ䣺Ҫǻȥ޵˯

Ҫ·ƿ˜ס֣ѣˡ

ݺͷߵǰſдŵ巵

ǻʵ

ɫһףͷ˜

ɫ̹Ȼ˵Ϊˡ
Ȼݺǻɣȷʵûôࡣ巵ǻʵȴʩһӦȫ鷿ҲȫģټȻҲʡ¡

ݺǼΪܳĹ̤Ǹټ˵ҪǨȥݵһΡʵԴ˴κԣ֮İ

ֻҲǹۼ˜ʵ˿ԹҲûС

㽫ҽʲô

ܳĺҲû巵ĵοǴܵĹ

˜ü˵ڴ˴ȻҪš

ΪݺϴȰϴ̫Զտ㣬˴Ǹ޵Ҳأ½Կ⡣

˜ݺȥסϴҲ᲻Ը⣬ֻҪ˳ҪЩȥ˼ɵݺϴɱݺǴأǻص𲻺õƽǵġ

ݺñŤԸס˜룬ֻ˵Σ

ƺ˼Ҫȥݺ˵Ǻôסȥ

˜ʲôʣ˵ȥסû˸˵л

գǹͬס˳Ц
˜£ֱȫޡ

ֻҪĸҸɳպ鰸ǰͻӣʹָǵıʹ

סںδݺΪúЦܹҪġ

ݺֵҲҪ㣬Բùҡ

˜Ц⣬ɷ˵ᱧֱ߽巵

Ǽ׷׸ɳƺΪʦݺΪ

ݺöͷ಻̧ͷ

Ƚͽ޵˜Ҳ˳ֽԸ˹ȥ׼ˮúϴ
ݺɫһףؿ

˜ۣ˱飬䱸дżη壬ʲôֻ˵ûԵ˼㲻Ҫ롣

ƭҡ˵ž֣Լ벻ôʶ˵Ļ

䣬˜Ҳȴһֱûзһ˲˵ȥϴ˾ЩЪϢһйҪ

巵Ĺƺ˜ţѡ󣬷̵Ҳʮֵ壬ûκһ˸¶ðĿ⣬ҲʼձϹϾ

ݺٱԴһʱʮֲϰߣԡʱҲһֱ̺ԣƺ˜ķԸ뿪ߡ

ȴʱļҪ£¹ȷʵʵ

޵ѻȻһ£ǰûʵݻģԶȻ˜˻ӦǲԸйصþߣһ¯û¡

ݺ齶ǰϲòãһʱЩӣվŰβȥ˯

˜Ҳ֪ȥ˺δ˿

һ󣬷ִ˴һ̨ױŸʽΣǰϴҪֹ
ݺʱĹˣڿЩΣȴٽһ֧ⱦʯȡߡ

ù˲ע⣬ѹ£Էֹһ

Լǽ˯þˣݺٳû⣬㿴Ϸŵš
˜ܻҲΪκвԲŽӺŶڴ˴

ֻƳһۣȴɨ»֣ͥоϤ

˵»ͥǽ⿤ʿݺͻȻԼ»ͥͬ磬¿ŷ졣

»ͥʮ뾩ѧסھĸ跻ԣ˿ж飬Ϊٻ˵ܵͬúһŮӸϤŽС۸ŮӣȥŮӸлʱͬɬŤ͸ŵ⿤ĹٻУ˽ύ

輧ԣʮ»ͥʮ˽ʿȢ뿪˾ȥݸ˾ʮʱΪ¶Ů

һԼңֻܵĵС

Ŷѵһּķͬжǰ跻еĸŮ輧гջеСˣҲǰţ֮¶ֻйء

һڹȥԼһǷ޺˺̲ͨ»ͥ

˜߽޵ݺŷ죬ʵˣ

ݺָսŶۺۣҪ˺顣
ƭҡ

˜֪ԸܣƽҲںݣϵӦ֪˭

ݺһɿеţһԲ

˜еҩ߽࣬ȥǲڿޣȴݺֻڷƺǲ֪룬ȴûᡣ

ݺһݺ̧Ⱦ˲ˮ⡣

Ρɤ΢΢ţ˵ҲǹҲҲ޸ϵ

дųۿ˜ѵ飬ȲνԵѪţұ޽㻶ã

õüʵνĸʴˣΪηҪһԸ⣬ҿ㰲һݡ

Ҫô죿ݺۣͻȻֻˣȴҪ֪ԭЩҲң⹫֮λԲ˳ΪʲôҪңѾʲôʣˡ

أָաΪһʣʲô

䣬ȥ






40.  ̿   öǻ

ݺԭ, ˜ǣԺоһ˿ϤС˜ĲרģҧҧĴ, ȵĶӴ, Ŀϸµĥдֱǣܲ˹ȴ೤ĥ, ·ڼΪĵز, һ߽⡣

˜ס, »ȥ, , ú, ÷죬˜ſˡ

ݺķ˜ļϻϢ, ΢΢, ȥ

˜ûסĶЬȥ

ݺЩƵؿһ, ΢ĴƿĿ⡣

ΪõЦһ

˿̵ݺ֪, ӶǻһƬ, ֻ齵ڲȥһԹϡ

Ƭ̣˜˳ӡҩ

ݺڱﲻ

˜ֳһ£ѳһŵһҲûٴߣֻ˵𣿡

ݺһ˜뿪

˜Լֻ˯, Ƶͨ졣

˜ԡǸᳶһѣ¶ﷺ˲ϸ

һʱ侹Ҳ֪˵ݺСĴˣŻսս죬ھͰȻ˯ˡ

ҲգӦ»ͥһΡ

ھĬ˜Ĭעݺ˯աѵÿɵߣû¶η壬ûеִ̬úʹǰһ

ݺǲ£ǲţЩʱյദòˡ

ݺȺҪ࣬պʱȡ

ݺ˯죬˜˿ҩ̣ʱƿȥȴ¶һСؼ

ޱ齫ӳϣҳ΢ѵ˯еݺһ£߽Ƶ˵ôˡ

û£˯ɡ



սңʧܾһߵūһ߻ҪѹѾûм̶ˣѵһֻ챦̶жʮֻϲѩΪ˜Ͷϻ˴ǮָѪˣ̶ʱҲǺд

̶аˣѺĸǿ׳ʿľʮƥ乫Ϲӡһȥϲ֮Ա

֮г˾⣬Ҫľƥˣūȥݣľȫߣеƥݬ룬Ҫƥ׳ȥ֡ū֮ǿʢҲΪǵսԶܣܱҪͼıʤǡ

̾ǾеһūͲˡ

ѩŲζվԶԶģ˵Σսɱвɣ򱱴󽫾ЧҵĿǱߵˣǺãתͷʤ˾ͻɱ㡣

ǺǻصΣǴܵĳӣȻܼգͬȴϣ²ðհҸҲһ롣

ѩһ֫«έҡΣ˿͸ŷζ

һ˵СҲ򵥣㽫˼ҵۣͬ˼ҵǳзʲôأ

ѩôһ˵յǰۡ

֮ǰͶϵˣ˜ͱǲƽϼҡѩͬȥڼִȥ£üѩ֣ǰȭͷ

֪޹⣬뾩ҲѩĸӣԼȥܻˣǮƶ

ѩʮĳݣҪѧ书ѩʹʦĽС

ΪɷºѩήҲѻŶԣ˭֪棬ŷݹαʯùˣɷڵʱҪϺн飬ʱ빬Ϊ£ͼոĹ

̶ӵ˶Ъ⴦Ŀջмѩ棬ʣµľͳϾʱڳĴй䡣ǣ˷ܵ˵ѧ书ԺǶ򲻹ҡ

⻰СʱҲ˵ֻٽΪܴ̫ܲá

˵Ǿܣ˻˽

еѩ䲻ڣ˵ǱΪ֮ܵϽҲմ˼ٹ⣬ܿûʲôϵ㸸ֳḯˣûĿɽھӪ֣ոġ

õɨһۣ˵ʦˣȻĿɽôͲУ

ѩһûӦ

Ƭ̺нƵʦˣƺ˺

ɻ˜ڸԭǲԸ̤㾸ҪȥûͻȻ

ڵĶˣȥӡ

Ӧˡ

ͷһѱѩ˵мҪȸˣ·Сġ

Сȥɡ

ݺס巵һգ˜ޱ޳Լޱȥģֻ

ݺǧ²áԴЩºĸʮָӡȻЩֺ˜ͬΪۼƽҵһĻۿܾĥͬһɫĻǰ˼̤顣

ң֪Լñȥ֪ι

ݺҪȥһ˾Ի˜òضһ٣ܾˣҪȥֻӦ£÷ͬȥ

ݺ֪˜أֻ÷һţûܵĿԡȹ˽УͻȻƿָָ棬ְ˰֣ʾҪȥ

⣬ʵʲôˣ

䣬Ȼνһ֧նļʸɣѵһ飬סҪӽĴ̿͡

ݺĲ£̽ͷһۣŷʽΧסһóվڷȶ棬Щһ

չڱ䣬ݺ۾Ҫȥһ֧͵شˡ

˜Ȼ˰ô̿͸ûнӽĻᣬΧ

ݺԼһ΢ĹЩ˰˳ǳ˜ȴҴˣʵãҪˡ

ֿ̧һۣųĴ̿ͶӣҲݺĿȻһ֮ʱ¶

ݺĿһݣƿҪ˵ȥû뵽Ķ׷Ҫȥݺӱסֱӽתһ˹ȥ

Ȼ֮˲ӣô̿Ͷһһɱʣ޼Ĵ̿ͣΪŲҵ

̿ȥ׷ݺȴͬǿӲˡ

ȵõǱݺȻٷϡݺûܼͱ׽˻ŷȵĺֻСǸҷЩ£¸鷳

̾˿۸ݺ۰Ͱ͵ʣ̿أ

ﻹмֵǣҲ֪ǵԼǵ˜

ҡҡͷ̾˿ݺͷԲϴС̽ͷС

ܿ˵õԸнʬߣǡüһĻЪɫص˽гϴɾӰ쵽գ˳׽˴ȥ̲ʡ

˸Ҵɱ˜

¹ټЪ񣬲ŽŵճȶЩǵ˲٣ڲ뷴Ҳʵƽ

ĲأǼʲôõġ

ЪֱԵɱʦ˲ֻݵӣȨ塭
˵һ٣ɫƺҲ緽š
ڵǹ

üëšţΪ˜ʲô㲻ǰģôܳˡ

ЪɨһۣǾŹ

û˵ãʲôֲĻ㡣

Ъûɣ

ЪԼ¡

̷׷ʣֻü򵥽˼䣬ݺûʵ

ϲùһŭͷС˜
˵ôˣҿôЩգݺֽлͷߣأۿڣָ׼ôǳЦң̫ûˣ

˵Ӧַ߷ߵصЪҲǺöһöǣ

Ъû˵ܵ˾ţĪҪ

Ҳ˾أ






41.  ı   ҲŲ

ƽǺ, ۡҲջ˹ңֱٻҲֻǼ򵥵һ, ʱסھ, ڹ¡˼գҲҪٺȥˡ

ƽҺ, ݺһ̤ƽ, Ƶſȸ, ֻм̷ˡ

ݺݲ˵, ֻ˵Ĺ, ߸ŵķ, ̹ǰ

˿ݺӶĴ̿ͣһ·϶ֻĬ, ȵ˾ţδ뵽

Ӫ, ȥ߹ƽңȥƽ, ƵСʱС, ҲͨŮ, űŤͼɫʮֻڣ㡷ǵ߸˵ˡ
ǵɫĵײ˷۰׵Ĵҩƫƫѣžм۰׵ĲƵġ

˶˵䲻ضսˣʼղԸ, ⹬õ˻³

ضҪӳί˜ˡ

Դݺûһͬհеĸ˹ÿһնη˜ദ֪Լôгһձ˜ɱҲƽ˜Ƿӣһǹ

㿴һ˿⣬ⰵյĻʳӳȥȥݻȥֻҪ磬Ҳĵˡ 

صƽʱ򣬼ľݺһֻԥģ첽ȥȴʶڼʱͣ˽Ųмֳǰˡ

ݺŲͷȥһ£漴֡

ûеһʱشֻվԭƺŸϻ·Щڼϲˣվݺǰ־öмһ㿴Ĺ֣赲޷ǰĽŲ

ݺƺҲʶЩʧشۣĬĬе˳ƺ

սָտɺã

ʵҲ֪òĶȥˣֵ֮ӣйĹ˵ǳ裬ݺȻСЩȴ̰ˣвûԹޣǲ˵ˡ

Ӧ㲻ϺáȻ˜ЩҪģȻ˵Ϻˡ

ݺԥƺҲ΢׵Ըľˡ޷ĥĳޣȷ޷ٻصǰޱУܾĥڽ̷бƵЩûֱӲ룬ԻΡ֪Ů̷ȴκһ˳ֻܾȫȴԥǰҲΪ֪

ش߽еŵ˵ϣ˵İ裬ԭ£

Ҳǲˣ㲻Ϊ˳еκΣĳԻȥѰ
˵󣬳ȵĿ⿴ʵ֪ޱ³𣿡

ݺһ˵ִȡҲֻ󽫾Ҫ

û˵ޱѾ˽̷˾£ʵأִɱ㸸֣ȴԸ⾴ǷԸǰ㿴ң

ݺűߴתȹӺ練ٳٲԸߣƺŵδɢȥѪζ

ݺգգۣεؿЦһ˵Ǵ˿Ѿزǰˡ֮䱾֮꣬αҪΡΪҲѡȴޣҲ

˜أɫҲ̲סθ˼֣һ㡣ҶԲ㣬ҲòĶȥͬΣ

ݺ⼸ͱ˜ĥûƢǿӲ˿ӣƽҲûʲô𣬲ĺݣҲΪ׽ˡãֻûѡѡ

ŮݺҼˣҲȥǵģ˵زҲûȥıҪ

ݺצﳶرץ˿ȹڣҪ뿪˵ʲôǰͱס벽Ҳ

ع·ϣݺʱ̵ĽֵѾɾˣֻеԼδɹɵˮܿбϴĺۼСУ´ÿһϤеˡ

ȻԤеӰʼûٳ֣ȴ𽥻ĺȴĽ˳ȥŷһʵҩڽֵһš

һȣ

ͣ£ƿѯ

ݺָָ˵ſſĻɡ

֪ݺǸӣΪ˜˵ֻҪҪ󲻹֣Ҫʲôԣתȥ棬Ƭ̺һӵҩݽ

лˡ

ҩຬţֻмʢˣ̵ҶӲδժȥԵû使ޡ

ݺֻʶýĵ֤Ǳ㷭ȥпʲôšϧһ񡣹˺һȻӦ˹ҩҶӷŷÿ֦¶һƬҶ׻дһС֡

գ

ݺ󣬽īҶ˺ӣ·Ҹȥ

ĵȥϡ

ǡ



巵У˜õӺսպã˼й¹ݵ£Ȼйݺ

̲֪ôǿãӲ˵ɱ˱ǣҡ˜˵꣬µϸݺ̵ľͻȻҵ¡

˜΢üȴδ˵ʲôֻˣ

Ӧֻ˾ţмʸ˳ڣЩ˵

ǾͲʣɱ˰ɡ
赭д·ֻ˵һƽ£ƽĮ

˜ӣ߳⣬߱ѯʣպ˵Щʲôһҡóȥ˹

̷ȥˣǰ˜

ǲĴݣ㱻׷ɱҲңӲ¶ų̬Ƹ˜ãʼղʧ̬ҲֻݺǶʱգǼһӳɫã޴룬ǰɵ壬·ЩżȻ¶ֻĴ

Ʋ˜ݺʲôִֻ֪ǰɱݺȴˣֻһҪס

յĴ̿ǳŹģʣµ˻δѲ鵽Ҫ׷

²ͱǣʱԻһ򾡡



ݺȥصʱŮкţ˵شʱ󷽱㣬顣

ô飬ؼͺ޲ȥ˺Ŷԣô˵ġ
ȻҲȥţֻϴεģӦԲʲôֻǵСʱǳٳδܵȵнЩʲô۸㲻ȥӲԺӡ

ȻǲҶֵģȴҲҷȥݺԼ̲ס㣡Ҷһʽ㶯֣

˵Բ˵˵Ȼ̹ˣͲδˣһֻҧ˵ĶȮؼŭ涯Ƕ֡

ݺн㺰˼ɫŹ֣æȰĪҪˣŭ

Σһʽǹˣٺ»꣬۸ɣ

ߵ˵ţȶһۡ

һŮ˰Σӵ˵Ҳ۸

ݺͥԺб߳һˣƺɫ˼Ϸʡǹˣ

½΢΢ɢҲʮʲݣɫ΢ź죬ǲϵץ۸ԣɵĻȫȥϾͶһµĻۡ

ǲź˴һܣڴϴġ

ݺ㶵ؿд˼ֳָ˿ǵȷȥʵʦ

˵ȷʵûзӦôһ˵ٲ׾Ǵˣŭ

ҲƽϣֻԸȥˮùԡ

ݺվԭصһԥҪҪȥأ´˿Լĳֻʹѿûվãͷ˳Źɣȥ

߽ңſڴϵأƺݲеҲûУֱɹ㡣׼԰οʱɤͻȻڣҷ㣿

δоɥ˼ֵ٩ζ

ݺƽƵûܰﵽ㡣

ֻ˼ᱡӣֱ¶⣬΢ʪķ˿ڼձߣǾƣһ
ѾﵽˡغȻЦЦŤͷһҵӶЩӶȴ㵨СȴΪҶǺġ

ʵ˻οΪһ޷Ǿ÷޶֮ƽϣ㲻ãҲӦ
ǣҲҳһȥֹˡ

ؾƣȴһӵá

ԭҲû˿վߣֻ˵䣬ҲپùԮ

ſһݺȻ׵齱ϣȥֻ֣½ǵᡣ

ʲô

ҡҿ۸㡭ˣʲôæҲﲻɡ

ؿ۾ˣֻƵģҲһһԴ˵û˵Ƿޣ֮з£㲻۸

ݺ˵㲻Ը⣡㲻Ը۸ˣ

һ£Ц˵Ķԣ۸ңպǻصߣسɱйߡ

ݺ䣬Ŀһ֣߬С˵˾仰֮ҲƬ̣ɫҲмּѹɤ˵ˣұضһңҪֺ˜Īʱһ

ݺͷسֺȻʣ㲻׸һܺùҪס

ƺû뵽ػ⣬Ҳʹ˵ˡ

̾˿¶˵ҪǴңױ˜ĺ֪㲻ʵض顣

ݺᵽ˜ɫһ䣬ܿնҲŲ






42.  ҹ   Щ¿⡱

˜ȥݺʱ, ʰظ

Ҳû˼ȥӭֻݺ

۸, ˜ҲԱֳʲôɫ, ֻһ뵽صĻֲ¶

̴˵ŵˡ˜Ȼǣ, θۿ΢, Ϊص۸, ˵, Ժ, οѪ, αҪԼͽš

ݺĻӷ߷߲ƽ, 뽫Լֳս

ôˣ˜ѯʡ

ݺɹ, ˵ѶٸɣмҲܱһ۴, Ҫƭ˜, ЩҺ顣
ĬƬ, û˜֡

˜ΪҪܡ

֪Լһ¶ʲô飬Ҫ˵ͷϣ˵ҿõͺ¡ΪΪͺ͵ʱҪɱһġ

ᵽ֣΢΢һ, ־㲻Ǽ١

ۼλͷµĳʹ亹جоѡ

˜ݺѵԼƺıŵˣ㽫һ̧ʹ˶Ļ

ݺһ£ʶҪȥȴס

˜ģа˼Ҳʮº͡ôˣأˣ

ٷ˳ӵطͷȴⲻӽӲ۸أҲվǻˣһȥ

ݺ˵һȴ˜һüʵشǰȥֻԼ֣ԺİΣˡߥȥףЩҲˣ

ѾϰݺĺƢǰҲܲƽϾˣ˶ĲתͷһҲƫĲãݺȴܼǵ

ݺȷʵǲ˵ЩѣҲûҪ˼ֻ˵ģɴǰֻǲңҲû۸ңΨһҲ۸

ˡ˜ЦЦ˵ȷܸЩο㣬㣬û㣬һʧƣǰΪñ˭Ҫ졣

ݺţƺԶвƫ˜Ҳûô˵ûһ䣺Ҽǵôǰ㻹ͬҿλΣ

ݺ΢յشһ£˵ˡ

Ц°̧ͷȥ

ݺ׽ס˜ָҪ۲Ƶġ

һˣݺ̧ۿ

˜һ˫ͬҹ̶ӳߺ˰̴𣿡

ڷ



һսƵҲ񣬾ǵѲߵıּһſڵ̲ҲϿࡣ

İղĻʹŵĻʵ˭ֻҪӰǵƣظ˰̰ͺˡֻż෹̸Ǽ˵䣬ٲ˜ġ˻Z̫ݣǶǵĹһһ档

ȥ¥ץˣɼѩڳŲ㣬˵˺ұ˜¡Ǿ־˜˵

ѩýζ㽫ǹǽһ˜Ҳɱ˲ˣݳ;һôȴһϿأ

ѩϣҡСȣ˵ﻪ֮ͥʱ㻹أȻסʱ̫֮ˣǾΨһĵŮ˷޺µĺҲϻۡʱɴ󺵣̫ӵĵճӳʱ콵˴꣬ͣģ䶼ת

ֻﻪ֮ͥ󣬷̫ӵر˽ɣ˭Ҳ𣬰ƶ˵Ļ̫ݻZ

ĹʣõԢ⡣

ǹʹŬҲȲԽ̫壬Ա԰ɱԼ󣬱ʷٵ׫ЩҥȥĨڡ

˼ǵλƵ̫ӣԼ޹һˡ

˜ٳûﻪ֮ͥ䣬Ǻεȷɡ

ѩǣ˵㲻Ҳǻʦƽġն̲ס룬Ҫ̫ӵ˻λǵӶǱöˡ˜ǰãĸļѵԼҺӣԽձЩΪ档

̲ס˵˿ڿഫҲһ࣬ܶ˻Ҫȥ֪

˵⻰ʱǶѩ˵ģȻָ

С˵ʦأ˵һ˵꣬ͼһºˡ

޵һͻȻͽ򡭡Ҳǣ˵Ĳͬ

˵ǲ֪߳ܣӺȥӣ˵һ˼Ȼ˵ĺ꾫

ɲЩ

һ˵ѩżҲҪ⣬˵ﲻһ磬ɷľ㲻С£˻һ˵ѣȴ˿ࡣ

˵ֻһЦգջСȥߣɾضҪٹϲ

ԴǵǿɲУ˶ض߻ӵģʦԸҿ£ҲҪġ

лˡѩ˵꣬ƿСϿȥɿϤӰ̲סüλˣҪϽЩ

⼸иּᣬϵİҲ˵ҪѡΪսѹõĳǣڽվõйĻᣬֵȺ廨ŵ̯кͽС

ϸɫȹѽ緱ʢһ㡣

ܲŮŮϽҲû̫أڻ֮ոǿԴϲʾ

ݺţһʼ˜Щԥġ˴̿ͣʵģȻݺ˵ҵһȥǰңһ˽

ÿζ

Ǿȥɡ

ݺƵȹӣһ׹߶ȶ㡣

˜һ㣬һˮ仨Ƶ˪׳ݳڣ·ƵƵעĿ

ݺǲЩˣֻЩĿĲʶŸ嵭ˡ
Ӷţֵȥŵ·һ飬ֻΪķʽϹȥ

˜֣˱ɢݺȴֻ뾡˶Ѹߡ

˿ɫ磬ҪȵҹһƬܡ

ɺԴ̨ӣߵļڱ衣ݺЩ棬ȥ͸еͻȻڿա

˜Ǵ˱һ㣬ʲôͽˡֻоٺӿģĹﱻ˱

ݺöˣ˵ȥ˿á

˜ЦʣҪ뿴ǲǡ

ڿЦĿΪпϷİȫߡ

ôԵˣ

Ҳ뿴ˡҪȥ˜ա

ȽϵĻҲˡ

Ĵڷлһ

ʱʱ˿ǣйҿ˜ʱ龹Ҳϧ

˵Ҫȥѡ˜Ӧˣߵ·ȴͣ½ŲȻҪ𣿡

ݺŷ·ŮŮмлеĻൽò¡

ͷĲʵ˳λƣµĹӰҲ֮á˜İ򻨴еһĨ¹⣬Ƨȴͣࡣ

˼䣬ͻȻһߵСײ

ݺǰߵ̯ͻȻ뵽ʲô˜˵ͳǰߣȴ⧲ק˻ȥ

ҪȥĶ˜úܽƵġ

ݺָָߵ̯ӣĿеľƺȥ˵ͬȥ

˜ýݺ·ϻ̫٣Ե˼أˡЩ˵Ҫġ

̯Ծģݺߵʱ˜ȡһ֦ġһ߻üһŮɬվ˜ǰҪеĻ֦ݸ

˜ƺ˵ʲôԷ漴һʧת

ˣʵ

ݺͷ˵ΪʲôҪѻ֦ݸ㣿

ĸˣ˜ش𣬾ЦǺǵؽͣ϶Ǵ˼ҵС㣬ľסս˹ĻûԵ

ݺ漴˜ɫ䣬ָ֦ġ

䲻ЩȴҲ˜϶

㲻ǲŹ𣿡

Щ¿⡣

˜˵֦꣬ݸ

ݺӹһɽʱʱŶˡԼ˻Ҫͻ¼ֱȤҪʲôӣܺ˜ʲôԵ

ǰĺӰվˣѾʼѡˡ

ݺأӶ֧˜ǰѡ֣Ŵȥ˜סˡ˴˶࣬׼㣬طɣ˰˾¥

ȥ͸ûлˣ

ݺңͻȻһͷܶ࿴˼ۣȻƬ̺˜Ҫ𣿡

ɫΪѵߵúۣ˰ɡ

ƺЩԥһ˵ߣڴ˴ҡ

ݺ̹Ӧˣ˵ҾͰѻ㡣

һ£漴Цá

֪ΧضŰĿŵط뿪ǸڼȥˣŸӰ˵ʵʵֵͷýȥŮӵҷ۵ĳ

·Ůӵ۾ˣƵݺӹϣȥͷҲصظһߣװͬ顣ߵ΢ܼĵطȹһ·񱼡

ϵĺ类ֶвõòӡ

ݺһ·÷ɿ죬Ľŵس亹㵽š˿̵վŮڿǴϵĻݺժߣĴû㡵ӰȴٳҲ޳һͷͿ׷˜

һ̣һֱֻۺȻסݺļпɤϤɤס
ݺ

ݺۿͻȻһᣬѹί뵣ǻΪӿˮô̲סתͷ˽㡵Ļ

㡴żʱѣο߾ߡ

ݺԼȺֻһоһΰ㣬֪һΣجҪˡ

أʵ磬ӵ𣿡

㡴ѱ˽ߣǷ·ܿ׷ǴѾźã̶ӵҪͨ飬ǽҹ뿪

뿪

䣬ͻȻ

뿪һоܽǽ






43.     в

ǽ䱸ɭ, ֻΪճӡ

ųгŻ˶Ӷ鷸ƵģԼ˽ŮҲ٣Ϊ˻󲻻һѷ伷ȥٸ, ĴѲ顣

ݺûʱԥ, ̶ӵнصȥ, Եء

Ŵʱ̲, ƺǳʲô״, ̽ͷȥ, ±ϳ

ҹǶٻעĿ, , ⲻҪѯʡ̶вٱļˣһһ˵ʲô, ϼûҪǴյһ˼֪ݺв, С԰οҪ£ܿͺˡ

˵겻, һ˹ҪѲ, Ҫһжʲô, ݺֻøȥ

һѲߵĹԱŻڵĹߣݣЩɻʵҺĶ㣿

̽ŵز߬䣬ĿİͰ͵˵Ӧǡϴ˰ɡ

㡺ֵµ˶һۣѾ׷ս˲ڰĵ

ǹԱҪ˵Щʲôһ, ŤͷˣĿһݣôˣ

ݺʶȥЪ

ɫĳֱͦţϵݶݣңңȥȲͬࡣ

йҪһˡЪɨ˱סһۣĿⲢδݺ̫ͣá

֪Ъһˡ

㡵ָѾ˵ϣʱ׼ǿ

سǵĹԱԶݺݻɣܾĿϤƺںδѯЪҼŮӺںδɿͬУ
Ъְߣ̲ˣƽ߶Ҫϲ١ҪЪϲǾͿԷˣܹЪ˵û⣬Ҳϡ

ݺҽţЪĿ˼
֪Լ˵ĻǼ٣˲Ÿη壬Ъ֣ᵱǳ裬ٰ

ȻЩ˼δ̫ãЪĻشúܿ죬΢Ŀݵϣ˿ͺֻǿһİˡ
δ

ȴش˽һĬĬ˻ȥԱ˱֤ҲԸٹܣԸ˸ǷУͬҪǵЪһ뿪

ݺУۿԼ˳ĳţ̶̵ľȴøĵ񾭶и

мڻʹ󣬺ҲΪʿ˵꣬ʽ͵ɽ£û˹ܡ뿪ʹĴٵÿ̸뿪ȥĸ˵Ľϣȥ˵Ҫ뿪ȴȲѣһ˿ϲ

˜˿ӦѾˣĴѰټɡ

ݺС̽ӣ¶ֵ̾˿ĿһתȴǿµЪ

һ˲׵¹⣬ͬѹű˪Щȡ

һ̣ͻȻãûʧݣܼҲ¡˵Ъãǵ棬ֻЪȷΪ壬±˜֪Ҳ۵

ţˤ̷ʵôúôš

Ҫ뿪ϾҪЪˣܾЩһ㳯һ

Ъ

ЪսĿҲϡ

վ£ȹڱĻ꣬л㣬ڡ

Ъſڣֻδ壬ȴϡӿͿ˵ǡء

ڰģȴδУֻڼݳߡ

̶ӻ㡵ˣܿӦҲˣͬ·Իǰ׷ϵı

Ƶݺĵһֻץ㡵ֱۡ

ЦҺðݺˣϳ

Ĳ볤ԽԽԶȥʱط꣬еϲӿ֡ӦҺû幤Я

ֻȾнѪϴɹɣմˮα۲ȴʼûж¡˱ۣиеɬҲݺҲڵʱ䣬˺ܶࡣ

ʹļңʱŻصȴһж˷ǡ

㡴ǰҲмֽ飬ȴͶպȴΣƽһأ޷ȥǴֻպս顣

ݺδ㡣طֻǸϧ˴ˣݺ˼ãԥǷԼ˜¸

㡿ݺֹ飬Ъ˿û뵽˜ȥ˵˶ڴ˜ȥݻZ޻̸֮ȻǲţΪ˸ԼλҸ˵ˡݺǰд˵ɽµ£㵱˜ݺŴֻǳڽİˣδ뵽Ů֮ȥ

㡿˵ǿݺģСΨΨŵŵϲ˱ӣ¼Щϵķӣ˜λȨصģǶ㶼뿪ɽ¾ûнˣ˜϶ҲΪһ΢Ĺ¡

뿪˾Ǻһξ㡵Ҳ˿·ȥ·˷ֿȥݡΪ˲˶Ŀֻ˶ʮˣ͵ɲ͡

ҹ·ã⼸Ϊ˽ѲߵıԱ㡺¼ЪϢֱ뿪˴ϢĿռ䡣ͦסˣڸЪϢʱôȿˮ

㡳С·߹ٵҲ׷ͬˡھͽĺӱͣ£һմ˵档

ݺ̫õѾƣùͷҪɢˣ㡷ŵӱϴ˰ࡣ

ɫģ沨ԣ΢ĳݺںӱߣȻ͸һЩ棬ͬҹɫУ˱ţһ˵һ߳

ĬΪ۵ˣ˵ҹЪϢһ

һл˵ݺҡҡͷʵΪʲô£ȵ

㡲΢˵ͻʱʱκݣ֣ԮʹҾʿܵУʱһɱ֣ºͳ͢ҲѲϵŲԣݵȨߣҲΡ

ݵȨߣ⣬ٹ֮

ݺԳֻ͢һ֪⣬ҪȫȻף˺һ˵ȥ绹̽һźá˜ı󲢲ַнģʱǰȥͶδǼ¡

㡵ͷ˼µȥǵͶϵ֤˜

ˡ

ݺϮƤԽԽǿʣʲô𣿡

˵ûס˸Ƿ̲סЦȥ˯㲻ϣ۾˻ǿЩĪҪģȥЪϢ

˵ݺмۣǵϣĪҪˡ

֪͵ӦһͿڳ˯ˡ

һ·ϳи۵Ļᡣ㡵Ҳںӱ˻ѣαóȡ

ˣݺ˯úܳżһЩҲδֱܳجоѣһε˜ýɱˣһ̴ĳ
ʱ亹죬ҲɵȻڣһ㡵֣ûӦȴһĽкͬһѳҹļž͵ػ

ݺĺȻһæƿȥ㡵֣ȴǰ嵽һҶ

ɫ£紵ϹⰵƮҡĹȰ

ż߻Ѫʬ壬һۣķϢ

˲֪٣ֻʣһʬͬ겻ɢ˜

һȾѪҹǱŨīޣ½մ˻ҶҪüȴѪ治ɫŲԶľ뿴ͬް㡣

ǰɲĳغϣݺˣᶼֻ硭ôˣ

˜ɱ㡣ҲҪһ

˜ۿֻ

ݺһͿ⸱棬Ӽľˣ˜ȥʶҡͷϡ

˜üȥǴ³ؽקݺɤۿת˜Ҳûˤֽ̧סˡǳɬҩ㣬񶼱ŻѪǡ

ݺڷЦһȾѪĽδ£ת࣬˵

߿ޱ߶ȴŲġ

ֵҸܣ˜һ˵ѣɫˣǿŭý·ȥϣݺ·˽¡

ɱҰɣҲȥġ
ݺһ뵽㡿Ϊ˾ԼȻǸ˾Ҳûʲô˼Ҫ챻۸йЩ

˭֪˜⻰ǵýޣŭʢＸȼŻ𣬶˽ֱ߬˾ͽϣݵҪһ㡣ݺֻ㣬ҪϢȴܵḩ̂ȥţ˜׾ѹƣס߾ٹͷڴֲڵ

Ϊ˜֣ʱղżʶʲôģ㴭ϢҲ

ô඼ڷ顣

Ǽ䲻Ʒ죬ݺ߷ߵۣȻһ̣Ȼܵ˜ڽԼȹ̷ݵȥҧ

˜ͣ£ɿ֣ѪĨȥݺһɿӾͷµ˜

ٿʱɤԵмָɬơƭҿɻģ

ݺû˵һͻȻӰͳһСֽŵĶϰ뱧Ľ˻ѱߣݺޱؿǷȾѪֽŷװŵĸ㣬ӻƵĵģϧҲѪ

Ŀ΢һ˜ֽһ֦õģԭòĻ֦

Եʮֿ£ȴһЦЦ顣ݺҵĻ

մнϵѪ㣬ڻӳ£緭ӿž˵˼ֱӡ

ݺٴأôˣ

شֻԹԵ˵ݵˣȥٸ򡣡

ʣ㵽ҪʲôΪʲôͲܷŹңȻ˵ҲǹкԩΪξǲϷŹң

˜ƳһۣĬһУ·𿴲еѪ

Ȼ񿴷һ

˵Ҫȥָ˪ϵѪ߾ɱҡ

׳ʣ˜ǰٽһΡ硯ھȥɱ

Ǳ㡻ŵ˼ˡ

õ𰸣㰲ģʱ˜ô裬Ҳš

˜ȥվԹԸȥӱߡ

¹µĺԾŲ⣬˜Ű¸ȥϴϴĲѪ⸱ʵʮۡ

˿̺ģָϵѪϸµϴӣҲϴȥˡ

ݺԼδۼĶպξ㡳Ȼ˜Ĳɣȥ

뿪ʱ˜֦̲סʣҪʲô

Цŵ㳰ζȥǰԼαƭ´γԡ

в˵

˜һЦ





44.     è˶ñߡ

سһ·, ݺȥ˜

˯ŵʱ˜ɱˡ

֪˜ҩʱͻɼ, ֪ԭ˜Ҳǻýġ֮ǰ۸, Ҳδҹһ˺¹

˜Ϊ˲Щųˣҹ׽ݺδ̫Ķ, ϶ٷ, ̶ͣϢ, ЪϢ󲻾ñ׷ϡ֪ݺ˯, 㽫Զȥɱ, ⺰ѡ

˜ǲԸЩ, м˲ʵ˽, ͱݺײҲãܳ, ´α㲻ܵͷˡ

òԶ֣ǰýΪԱ, ȴΪݺеضŭһء  

ݺһҹδ˯, ˜ľս, ǹѪƺڱǼôɢȥһֱ΢ųŲס˯˹ȥʱѾ˾ǣ˜ǼմѪѾȥĽ䣬Ѿ˼µ£Ӧ˯ŵʱġ

ҹµҪȴȡݺ΢գ̳, һξ롣

ڿŵ˜Ťͷһۣûʲô顣

Ȼ˜ãȻ͵ڲȴϸ¡⻹·˺ü㣬ŲˮһЩҩ

ݺµýûȥˮɤӵĸɬš

һˣɫмֲͣϵŶ£ȥö

ݺʶܣ˜ˣһ

ƺΣƺЩŭζͣƬ̣ŵ˱ˮյݸ

˜ɫǴŲõģݺҲòȥȥӵʱĿⶼмɪƺıŵòᡣ

ӣ˵ܿͻعˡ

Ҫôӹˮûкȣдζ

˜û̻ش𣬲ȥСгһ۽ӵݸǾҪˡ

ݺһ

ֻҪɱ㡣ȥֺ˜ΣѾֵزҲûиõѡˡ

Ҳ¿𣿡ҧһ۽ʣСӣȻֹһ֡벻˜濴ɷ񣬱Ҳںҩʱ¿ࡣ

˼ţ̧ͷͷ˜Ŀض

ƺ˵ʲôȴֻ򴽣ٿ

Īݺ͵͵̡

ع·ϣͣƬ̣˜˷Ըʲôûϸܿ˳ʲô
ݺŷֽŵĸ㣬Ȼ˜Եͬһҡ

Ȼһ뵽ҹ˜ͳǰѪյĸ㣬ٵгԽȥ;θ﷭ӿǸǾмëȻθҲûС

˜ֻϡ

һҹҵòӣϽ˯ţ·Ҳѹ޺ۡۿŵ˾Ҫˣ¹ڲĳֻ֣Լҵؽ⿪٣һΪֱպͷһ𣬳ʱ۵һ

˜ڿȥˣֲȡϲŵķ˿оûгִӰȡᣬϸµΪᷢ

ݺĺºͣ˿̵ҹĶˣȻԽּᣬʹ־

˜һɵķ٣ŽСȥЩĬĬؿƺڶꡣȻݺһۣŷ˵Ƕ꣬˵ڵȴȴۣҪǰۡ

˜鲻ͷǿ˵Ҽһ㡣ҾͿһۣòã֪ôˡζҵĴֻҪ㲻Ҫ˺ôԡ

ݺһ΢˳ӵ̬Ϊ˜ЩһͬˡȻⷬԵмĮȻ˜ͻȻɫͳȥû˵һ䡣ñ졣

ݺôһףίشͷ˵ˡһֱ˹ص巵Ҳûٴ˜

Ȼû뵽ǣص޵Ϳһڵǰˣ֮񼸺ðҲվߣƽһϲҪӭͱ˜ˡ

ݺɵĺ£ҧгݵðһ仰Ƴ˜ǵİ̺ۣɫֱס

ݺòӳȥΪӴ˻ɣȴôͱϣҲ䵽˜С˿в˵жෳˣҸû˵ĵطһ˭֪һҪָ˻ȥҪǺʲôȻʵί

˜ΪҪ׳ȥˣԾţ˭֪ȳŻӲĳ˿̱㲻ˣ˵ȻȥЪϢЩ㲻ùܡ

ݺʵص㣬ʵûʲô

޻˵ǽãصҲݺã˵һ仰

˜㣺ʲô

⻰ͻͻŶ˜ûɫ
˵ôͻȻӣҪȥ֣Ȼûġһת˾ˣ͵ҵƳǣڻû׷һȨƵĹ׽˻ãİٻǻʺٹ飬䵽Ѿ˵ϱܾˣҪڣҿ㡭

ˡ㻹˵˜

ݺָܵ𣬲صԸߣǱĹοҪַʽ뿪Ҳ˵δػ䵽֣֮˵䵽ϣΪú𣿱аٰԲס㣬Ҳƭ㲻ңҲԼҰ취뿪㣡

㶮ʲôΪȥɣһæסһ˜˶ȥ

ʲôϲҲǵùȺӣݺ޵ܣ˜ƵظţһҲںĻ

ⷴӦߵ˜ֱɫǻ裡Ҿ͸ɱ

˜Ųһ٣ޱؿȥһѡ˵

˵һΣҾȥɱء

㾪㵵صɴۣ˜ûа㿪Ц˼ƣֻܷ߷ߵһ䣺Ǹӣ

˜ΥĳЩط𨲻ͣ׷˜֪Ǹͷβķӣֱ

˜ܿˡ

һ£Ҳ֪ò˵ˣֻðο㣺û£㿴ʦ׷ˣҲС

Ц˶ţݺȴֻǣ»飬ܰȻǴݺжҲ֣Ҳš

ƲƲ죬˵ݺ˜Լ׷ģ׷ؾͱˣһСֲЩ˜߻˭ܰèߡ

ѵõسĬˡ



ص޵ϴݺһϴ˯

˜飬ƿ쿴ϵۣǶڱ͵͵޹ˡ˯ţҩҩȻ󶶵ֻˡ

üǰֵ°£ȥʮּѣµľɼվὣɱСʱֶòȶˡ

ݺδע⵽Щϸڣǲ⡣ǰ΢üݺҪʳԵ

Թִ룬ֻΪˣȫͲô






45.  ҹ   жҪã

巵ҹﲻὫȫϨ, ǻһĨĹߡ˜һǳߣ˯ðʱֱݺͬ齶ߵ, ѵûС

ҹ￪ʼ, , ֦ҶҲ紵Ĵҡ, ɲǶ, һ˲յ, Ӱڵϻζ, צĹȡ

ݺҲ֪μʲô, ģ߽ɤſǻ, ָ߬š

˜ϰķ˿һԡݺ͵, ؿھҵţҪ԰, ݺ㾪ŵƿ㵽, ﶼǿ־塣
ãȻΧ, ȻʼغĸĶĸĸء

һ绮ݺŵöһ¡

˜֪جˣεج˳

ֿʼͷۣջҪȥҰ׼һҩ

ûȥݺ, ˜Ųڱĵذϣȥ֨ѽĴˡǰ𱻵ݺ԰ڴǡ

ָգʵʲôˣ

˵䣬˳콫ס

ݺʵʵͻȻûôˣְȫУ˜Ҳ̬ܵ

лС˵εĸ

εˣ˜Ϸʵ

˵ͷû˵εɱˣĸ綼ɱˡ

Ȼû˵˜Ҳܲµ٣ﱧ˱ĺ󱳡ֻζѡ

ݺؿŵԼĿɬҩ㡣ǰϲ𣿡
й˜ļʮֻңܲ˜ǲͬġȻӵദ̲סɣԼôϲ˜ġˣ粻ݲ̣ǿߣʲô⣬ܲΪúÿ

˜ͷȥǵʱŻش𣺡֪ˡ

ƺһϵıҲȥ˜˳Ʒ§Щ

ʪĿƺʼȣݺļţҲѵܱ۶ϵĻ֦

˜Խ𣬲̽ȥͣİ̺۸ǡݺʵغˣȴ½ɢʲô˳ƻ룬ᱡ³ͻأĻȡ 

ݺæȥסĶҶ

˜Цһó¡Ǿ˯ɡ

̲סü̾͸ֻܵסĶ䡣

Щ˵ҲϮ

ͬʱ·ϵأڲ֪ǵϢȥͶڷ踮ְı֡һ·Ͷ٣ͣЪڵлûһͷҪɢƵġ

Ӷ᲻񣬼ϸ·ƣ˷翤ѾҹðŴȥ踮ı֡е·͵踮˽ӭȥˡ

ػʪ͸ɫ԰׵صϡֵϢæ¾ò볤иϲ֮ûע⵽ֵľ塣Ѽ˵Ҫȥݵ¡

ֹҲ֪ǲˣ˺һ˵һ䣺һ·Ͽֲ̫ƽڸЪϢգҰźҲ

˼˵ͷ˳Ըһδ˴볤ӦûݺȥԮ˿գȥ̽һ֪ƽ

ɫӵصͷȰȥЪϢ



磬̿ϴݺ㡣ûбѺڵУһĹԷ˿أ˽ӵĿԡ

˜ݺȥȴ뿪ߡΣֻܴ˜ȥ㡡

ǲ̤СԺ㡾ƿţ˜ĿǴ˶ĵӣ޲ýһƵġ㡵˜ȴʵˣһˮݺ˵껰ôȥ

㡶˜ŭĿӣݺݵʲô

˜ݺ˵

ֻε˵ҵ㡣

ϻˣ·һȳһյģԵʮǱȴɼ㣬û˵

ݺҡҡͷҪ˵ʲôͻȻʣôˣ

˵ʱ򣬾ķ˿䣬¶˱ĺۣ˰̸էһˡȻݺһ죬֧֧˵̾ˣЩһûȥ

ݺؿ˜ȱܿȴΪ˿ڲ裬˿ûҪߵ˼뿴ôش㡡

Щǡ

ĸ˶װͰ͵ش

ݺһ£˜ҲۣЦЦؿ㡣ݺû𣿡

죡һ䣬ȥס㡵ֱ֪ۡ˜£Իһʰ

˜Ŀ㡵ϣյʱĳײЩˮ

㡽ʵʲô˼۸˰ݺ
͸׺ݣһ˜ҵͷͻȥ˺ģ

ݺΪ˜ٹɿȥߴٵȥ

˜ֽһѣֱӵĻҰס

ⷬ㿴ˣ۶ҧ÷ֱۣҪð𡣡˜

ݺһͷɥزҿ

ǰ˜ȭͷ֮ǰȷѾǰסˣֻһǻŭ޴й

ݺѵسͷ̧

ݺΣҧгݵΪβЩҡ

˜ν㡵ķӦֻڿˣ˺úõĻţԸһȥˣ

㵽ʲôɱңαҪݺͬкԩŮӺ࣬ΪξǲϷŹ֪˜Դݺ˼ҹﶨӱ޵شߣҲͣЪ

ݺֻκ߷ߣ˷ŭҲѹίһƣƿԣвԹ˜

Һݺã㵹Ҳ˵

ƨ浱Ҳ֪ݺЪͶϣаն׵£ȴ޳ܵغߡǿȣҪſڴƻƣ޲ָ˜ı

˜ݺ͡

ãȻۿ˜ɫԽԽ䣬ֻõͷСһι

ۣ˼ؿ


ʶʲôʣЪأô£ܱȣҿ㳤㲻أǷŵ¡ЪҪãڳˡ

ݺæҪϣ˜ȴĿظһ飺Ҫã

жҪãδ˵





46.     ô˵

ݺЪжҪ, ʲôز

Щ£˜뿪ġڳȴҲܵõµĴ, з¸˸», йݺճҲҪ޾ϸһһг

γЪ, ȥ̽, 漮, ܲĶˡȷʵǸ˼, 꿿Ųʶߵ˽աƺûʲô, ҪʵҪ, Ǳǿݺ˲еĴš

̽ӳϵϸ, Ҳϸ²ݺģ˾׽ʲôز, ˜˽⡣볤ʱȷҪɱЪͷϾնЪǾŹδ, ʵô̶ֻǺݺ, ЪȻذ, ûжɱͷټЪǸˣΪǸɶõţԻƷס

뿪Ѻ㡵ԺӺݺ˜ڼǺǰ˵ĻЩ㡻֪˜һֻͨͣ㡻ᵱͨ, ΪٻϧѸʱѴܡ

̫ǰ˜ͣ¶֪һͷײȥͷĵۡ

˜عʹſЩӸµģƺ

ݺĪû˜ʲôò˵ġѵΪ˵ЪҪõ£

㷽Żδ˵壬ЪжҪã˶㡣˜ģƺûʲôֻ˲ƣôǲӡ

ճǣЪ˜¼ƽǨŭˡ

ݺƲЪĹϵֻ˵Ъ˭ãǶ⣬ҲǿйԼķϣ˳ְҼΣǷ䴫ŵ

ⷬ˜Ȼǲȫŵģֲһ䣺ҼǲҲûõѽ

üߣûʣƺҪµĽҹ˼

ݺ̽ЪȥտǣҲ֪ȥ˺δؾҪײ˜ǲܡֻ˜ƺЪ£ȥʣǻϽˣֻ˼

һ巵ðഺ񡣳ʮ־ˣһҹܰθ߶ߡݺĵý˜鷿Ĺʱ湬һȥˡ
˵ȥæģǹҲ֣Ǳ»ָʱ򣬶СһԺţƺɣˤһ¾ͻƵġ

巵ɾָȥԷ֣Ƕ޲ж֮ʡ

۴ǰʱй˵ﰵݺЩϴĹˣֻǻʹϴһ˶ȥˣϴҲû֪ȥ⹬ʮֹµһȥ˶ûС

;ĸסķʱݺ̲סͣ½ŲȥЩսľϳ̦֦Ҷ

ȥϴһˡ

˵Ĺ˺ɫΪѡݺȴٴμ˵Ҫȥϴ·ɡ

˜Ը⹬ûȥĵطϴȻҲȥãҲֻ˹£ȥԺ˜Ҫǡ
ҪȥҲû˸Ȱ裬˳⡣

ϴΪƫƧҪߺһ·ݺ߹ʱһǽͣסŲѾҶ֦ʶӦӻŶԣӻӦûֻè

˼Ƭ̣ʵҴǰè𣿡

иں̷ݺһȾܵ£ӺɨĹһ˲֪Զţõèˡ

ΪһֻɵӲŻôɣҲҿӳ̫ƽҪȻޱݺԼôĶ֪

ŹĹ澴һֻֻǺˡ

̧ͷ֦մδɵ¶䣬ձߡ

һ˲ּ˵ʲôʱ꣬˜èġɼҲ˜ϲӣЩϡļ䣬ôһԸ

ȵϴصĹˡһԲС̫࣬ݺƵģæ¿ͷ

ݺеӡ󣬼һҪ޳ӣɻǰ̺𣿡

С̫ɵſͰ͵⡭ôˡū澡ǵūˣ

֮ǰˣЩ¼ǲ̫

ıʱͱøһǾ㵣һϸп˵ܿˡ

ݺЦЦžͺá

ϴС̫ţǰĳ貢δı䣬˾סҲ˳ҡݺȥԼױƣַ˷һУ򿪣һԵ̫˵ˣ͵Ķˣһֱ

򿪺󣬿ȴһ֧ΪϤĻ
ȷ͵Ķ

С̫ͷū澼ԿɺˣӿžͲǹʽ  

ݺûд𻰣֧ͻȻΪԼеֵ

ǰŵˣͶŮ˫ȫŷ޺˺ͨĺˣֻżŻǰһ輧һ֧廳ôһʱ̡αҪΪˣԼЦ

Լ󣬸ɶ鷳ԸҲŶãˣʱš

ΪʲôҪأΪʲôΪȥ

ݺ½Уٲ࿴һۡЩҲûʲôġ

ݺߣС̫˵Ҫȥ̳÷Ƹ߰ɣĪҪˡ

ʲô÷ƣЩɻ󡣡ǰȾ𣿡

ˣȥ̳Ӿƣ춼˲Żأ˵ˣǾԼģ˵ȹɻʱڳͼ롭

Ҿˡ

ݺȥȡƣֻ̳ʵ˵̳ƣ

С̫ƳһۣСһ̳ȥ͸ʦˡ



㱻鷿С˶ڵҩ˜ɨһۣ˵ȷŰɡ

Щ˵ǲźЩôȥ׷ˣԼþɼˣ

˜βҪˣò׵ֶɱֱ˲оȻûɫ˵ζ

˜ƽϣһų˵踮ǬţȥͶˡ֪Ǻãҵ˼

ɫһ䣬̵ôˣ

ҲģҪ֪Լȥʡ˜Ŷ㲻׼͸¶ࡣ

ûһƽţ˵ݺˣ˵鷿

Ҫߣӭݺ˽ûкɫݺһȥ

뵱ͰƵعãԭα¶װҲмװˡ

ݺĻ߽鷿ŵһζںҩ

߽˜ҩԶЩ

˵󣬹治ʣ֪һʰˣҪ˼

˜ɫ糣δǵʧ¶

ҽȥϴ

šӡ

˴ǰ̷Ĺˣҵ̳÷ƣ˵ǰڳġĸһͬȥ̳ĸ˵ҳ޾ڳû뵽Ҿûסǰ˳͹һ̳˵ЩʱƺǻԼƵĹ

˜ӵָͻȻһ٣ɫЩŹ֡

ݺʵȹζΣ

ݺеڼͻȻЩڵʱΪ򴽣δ̻ش

ô˵ǲú𣿡

ǡ

˜ĬƬ̣㽫ʣµ̳ҲҺòã





47.     Ϊҡ

ԼݺĶ, ֻǼ̳÷ƣҲǷ˜ҪҲ;ܾˡ

Ѿ, ΪʲôҪݺԸ˵

˜Цһ, ֱ׳Ȼ˵Ҫޣһ, ǳҲҪҵġ

, ص, ˵׼պպأ

Ҳ, Ц, һʱֲ˵Цġĳ޾Ȼֻȡ, ޷³Ҳԡ

ɵ, ôһ˵ʱͱζݺֱӵһۣ˵Լ, ˭Ҳ

˵˜ûڴϾ

÷Ƶ, ˜Ҳ̣, Լȡ

鰸ߵҩѾ, ˜һüͷûһ£ҩˮһƽݺŶÿ࣬һ䣺㲡úҩҪһӰɡ

˲ˮڣȥҩգҲ㲡أǷҪһӵҩҲ֪

㾿ʲôһû˵ǰ¡Щ, ˜ĹȥʲôġٵĻ̫ﵽһ·׾ʲô

˜ʵνЩȥھź󣬾ͷ˷ظĸı䡣Ϊ̫ʱ뵽öĵ£Ϊ˻ȥȴ١

׵ſͣҲﻪ֮ͥѣȫұɱֱҲȥ常ӵ֣ʦҪࡣǰܻЩʵĹȥֻǺݺԼֵԢһ㣬ĵĴ⣬׾ɢڵ˪ѩ

Ҳˣһڻȥϣ˵ִʱܿĿ⡣

ǰ˰ܹЩˣʱé®˰ҲǳУʱ˱˲ί˵ǣѵһ赭дĴ

ݺ˵ļ򵥣ȴҲףһ£ǲԸ˵ˡ

ݺں棬ЦЦ˵պָ䣬ǿ˵

Ӧˣȴڰ룬ָΣ֮ǲ˜ߡôյദҲܷ˜ıﲻһ˵̶񶾵ĻȴºͿʵЦݣβëȻ

϶ȥҲǱ⸱Ի˵ĺƤƭˣûµĶĳʱϲ˜ϲαװı

תġ

಻סռݱʮݿ㼱Ҫܵѱ˜ռݣͬݿԸΪ˜þòƵۣʱжĸִ⣬⣬ҲٲЩӢ˵ķ¡

ݺȻڹżҲڷȵĿȥȥҰ׼ӳķû뵽ȴ˲й˜Ĵ

ܿ죬йӢ˵ĵ֮һײˡ

ֳһ¾빬ݹ˜ѾʮΪ޼ҵĶŮ˵ĸСǶйŮʫҲԵʣӵʱӲӣŮʱмְ

޼ҵ걻ﻪ֮ͥǣûø³ȴҲԪ˴Ӵû䡣ֳ縺ſ޼ҵΣƱҪôϸ೤ҫ޼鹡

ͻȻ˵˜һ֪ŮӵĴţֳ̽һ˵˜£ҲǱͷӦ£û˽ȵǵĵ

˜ԴնйգҲʮܸɣʱо˶Σذնʮ硣վֳԣ˜䣬ǳЦģŮ˼ŵͷ

˜˵ŻѾ䴦С̽һ飬Ĵöʮּ䣬ֻϸ΢ܿݻ˜ڳԴϵǴӲίԼҪõģʳҲҪϳˣŵĻӡ

ƳǽƵ¯аԸ̾ƼϷõĵĺ͹Լû

һ£û뵽˜Ȼϲģǰڴ޸©ϸ΢֮

˜˴ֵĿ⣬Цϲ

˜ԼСǱĺ
΢ȣæ˵ûУǴǰ֪ϲġ

˜ûзϡ

巵ȥʱ̸ֻ˜ϲãҪȥѧ㣬໶ġ

˜겢СߴδйŮˣһ⣬ҪȢޣǲ飬Ƕ˶ƥġ

񣬱콫˼ϡ

ݺӹ俴˱ڷ˺ǰֹŵ˵ͿޡȲ˻عϿڲԣֻòϱȻˡݺֻýʱи׼ԼȻع˜顣

ܿ࣬ߣȥ巵Ҳû͵ǰһԣˤˡ

˷׷׿ݺע⵽ݷ˜ˣǡɼˤӣЩ˵ģĻһԾҪߡ

ּһݺɨһۣ񲻽ĵ׷ԥһǻͷʶ𣿡

ּǵݺݺȴǵⷬԱȣЩƽ˵ȥɺϣ빫йһ֮ԵҶһͬˮ

ݺȣˮԭЩ¡ôһˮ

ǵá

ݺѾϰˣʧҲ֪˽˶ٱ飺˳䲻

üж˼ǹȥˣɻã
ϹУʵȴ֪ݺ⹬ĵλ

ϾλӵŮڻʹŵĹ˵ȥʵЩ֡úãҲ֪˵˜լʺ񣬻˵ѶϺݲˡ֮һڵо¹ӵĹҲûʲôϵ

ֿĵһ˿

ݺûƼı飬ͷŪԼˤʱƵȹӣ̾˵ܻžͦõģȻôء

䣬нŲͷ˜һôˣ

ֺʹ뿴˜ݣҳһ˿Ӷ

ݺ㡣

Ӧһʣȹôˣ

һԱȻʾݺžˤһӡݺʮֿţûˤô㲻ҪͼӴס

˜üҪûˣݺ̳Ըǰֳеģ

ε·ôʲôҲ׷ϡ

ݺ˴ƣһת巵ȥ˜ס˵˱ô

ӣǸࡣСԹ˴ֳֺĶУһζ

߬ȭׯı鼸Ҫסˡ

Ϊ޵֮׽˜УᡣΪ¹Ӳ˜ԸԴų˵Ů׽ֱǻͷ

ûסһʣѵؼһЦѯʵ´Źƣŵá

𣿡ÿɷЦЦɫεݺ˶óҴƣΪң

ݺ֮⣬Ͳ˜ףǹӦˡ






48.     㣬ҪҪ

վڶ˸ǰʮѿ, ˜Դݺ̬ȣֻﰲοԼ˜ݴ, ֪С, һڹš

һԵĴռɫãҲü, иʡȻôҲ֮, Щ²˵, ʧ˷, ֻð, պ̽

ݺǰ˜ʮֱŤ, 㼱Ż޵ѡ˜󣬲ûкʹýʲô, ɫá빬ϣ̲ס, ʹ˵һͬˮģλ

ֵͷ, ҵʱδʲôҪ, Ϊ˭ҹ, ҲǺ֪ǹұZµȣڸм¾ֹܣƺʶѾá

ɫ΢ԥ˰βſڣ㿴š˼⣿

еĵǱһƣɫ̾ͱˣֳֹԡ

̾˿εҲֻǲ², ֣˼ȴܡλܲŹǺޣֻίߵֺõ£պ游𡣡
ɲ֮仹ܼమãֻºװġ

뵽һɫʮѿ
ǲǳˣҲã⣬˻˵ȥ

޼ŵڣؽ޲ȫЩҷ緶ýײ㺱ȻҲ˲ݵģο֮䣬㲻е˼ȥҪ˴

ֻεһʱͷպܷʡո̾꣬ͻȻʲô֪ЩȰɷ񽫹ߡ

ǹǺ޼˜Ҳ޷֣ضɱΪ˜ãŹ޹Ҳڳ

յͷд˼



ݺ޵ѻˣ𼱻ܳȥ˜˵£㲻Ĵء˜ǸµĹҲǵˣ

˵һͬˮ޽ҼǵʲôݺЩɻ뵽ö˿ɫ˼֡

ݺδ˜ȴˡд֣ӴϵĵŮĸִжҲʶ

ݺɻ㷽Žš

ŷʮܵġŮӿƣȴְܿĽӦǾô򵥡

˜ȥϵΪʮֿڡ

ݺôܵĻشûˣֻһ˼£ŭ㵱ΰҽȥҰ׵ȴƾϣȻѣһҾͿǰҾ

˵Щиܡǹõˣ˵ǼҲΪòá˜䲻ᣬһ뵽ӴȥҼˣϰǵĺӣбҲˣأг磬ֻʣĴãÿչˣǻҡ

˜£ӦݺѾ飬ǽϳ˾ǣʲôɡֻ뿪ʲôε֪ܲйء

ݺʣ˜ԵмĲɣ˵һ˸Ǯƣͻؼҡ

ߡ

ɡ

˜ܾúܿ죬ݺΪβɣ

֪һģΪξͲͼ
˵űҲ˼֡ݺηҪţȴ˼

˜ϣͷɥŲ۽޲˲ջǴ¡

˜ӣεΪôģ
ǰɽ£㴦ݺֻǱĹġȻ룬ЩֻΪǡǡȱЩһְǼް۵

ݺҡҡͷҲǺģЩ˲һͼҲĸԸҺãҲûʲôԱǲҲҪֻϣܹúá

˜˵һ˲˵Ȼˣͺá



ڷ踮һʱգҪߣǬԸ裬ɱȥݡݺҲûϢиӷ꣬ؿʼǬͼ

Ǳãǰȴ࣬Ҫʱȥƽˡ˭˵˾һסˣʲӣܺ¶Ůߣǹҵù˲ݺ촦ˡ

شԽãǬɸЩҲͲ˵ˣпʼﱸ뿪ڷ踮ʱʮֲ̹Ҳ֪ǲȵԭûθڣ˯ֱһηǰģеͷ㵲סˡȻʱȥҴδǬɡ

Ǭڣس˦Ů⻻ͨ˵ȹϧǱ;˻ȥǬߵģ㡣

صŭĿӣǬֻصͷСܺ´ƣӦס

˶ضݺݵһ䣬Ҳ֪ı֣ƿ㡣

´һۣЦһװʣҲһϡ
½½ΣϴֲһԾɲ֪

ֻԼˣޣĹεĶһҶģ겻ɢ

㽫ǶʱգصһŶûͣרоĻ㻹ܱϰˣڴķӣҲôҲãҲǲʹ

Ǭô㶼Ļţæ̧ͷȰֹطһڣЦûĶԼʲôˡȾ˸Ƥ

ҲȰ裬йˣ˽ӭ

ط߷ߵͼҲŽˣ̵ҵۣ

ص°ͣõʵڲ⣬ҪٰͣŲιһҩӴ˰

Ҫͱס˫֣ž͸ܵһֻֽȹȥڲ竡

㣡ҪҪӣȥֿ

úЦʣǰ⵵£˷Ƹʱ򣬿ɲ档˵˷ԣҾͲУ

˵䣬Цдżɭ䡣

Ҫ˵ǣܻƲס

Ҳ֪ʲôɫѿҲûٹ⼤ŭ

㽫ᲦһͷڷѴϡѵõϣҧƺߣʱɤЩ㱾ĥһģֲǷŻ˶

صָСƬ̺ɿᡣ

±Ϻѣɤݺأ

˜׽ȥˡ

㡻𣿡

š

̾ͷ۵øˣһԱĿС

Ȼص˾ǣݺ֪ػϢ̾Ҫȥ






49.  ¶   

ػصԺ, һʱˮϴ衣Ů|ĺҲ⣬޶õ

ݺݵʱѾ, ҡСȿ顣, ̧̧ۣԸ, ȥ

Ů뿪, ű, ݺ̱ǰ, εʣôҲ׽ˣ

¾, û·Զ, ȥԼұ֣Ķ֪˶Ͷ˜, Ͷϣ㵽踮Ҵˡ

˵űüëһ, ʵôܱ׽Ҳù, ô, ˿ɻţ

类Ѻڹ, ˿أ޴󰭣Ҫ뿪ֻʱţлġݺص֣ʧ䣬ȴŬοнʮֺ꣬Щʱ, лᡭ

ɫţҲ֪ʲô¶Ƶ˵ݺЩл㡣

ݺˣһ䣬𾪵ۣһʱưƵģһ仰Ҳ˵ڡ

̾˵Ѿ㲻˵ȥˡ
ڻص·ϣѾ˾

ٷޣ˵ףǰԣȷԲĵط췴Ҳ㳶ƽˣôҲһԹ¡

ݺԥСʣҪôô죿

ؿЦӦ鰮񲻹豨ңҲֻԹĺӣǶ޷İֺαؽһ⡣οݼڣҲ㣬ѪҪ˜ĺӣԸ𣿡

ҡҡͷһأƺҲ뷨ǣӲãº֪ô죿ҩ£ֻʳء

ᣬԼԼס˵ҲЩҪҲأҲʹģ㾡ҵȥ˜ڣҶô

ݺΪѣҲֻܵͷӦȥʱԾ硣鲻䣬˼ɵˣֻ˵ܹȥ

˜ĺأԴܹΣúܽȥδٲ˸ţÿ٣ʱθζ֪ؽŪ̥ҩ̸ףֻǰһ̤ҩ̣˜͹ôˡ

͵͵ɣñķӺŪȥ

ع·ϣݺ;ͣȥҩץҩȥȴֹҩ̾һţǸʲôһڸ˲ɡ

ҩ̵ϰҲ˵⼸Ϊһʲô

ɻݺΪȴ˼š

ݺùһֽ˳ùһԵıīȴ˵ҽ²ȣҹﻹ˯ɷҿҩ

ǴҪţʲôŮҵĲ˵ֽдµֲ׹ⷬȻǹڻǼҪҩֽϡ

ҲֽϵּɫʱͰȥǷŭǾ㵣ݺĿֻʣۣҧŭ

ݺֽд£һ̥ҩУ򲻿ԡ

˵꣬ȡǮĶʮӶ˴ٲһ֧εл

С̾˿СҩҩɵעЩó㵽Ϸͷϡ

򾡹ҩ

۽յĵţתȥץҩȰݺ˵˼ӵҩٽ̥ҩŵ£ݺָָʾעЩ

лˡ

ǻķҩӹųȥſǼ۹ⶼŻ

ݺ֪ʲôС˵˾䣺ء

գգӦŻ˿µһǹ۸

ֽϵ֣Щ̲סҪ˵أ֣Ǹҵģܺ£Ҳ֮С



عã˜Ȼץҩ£ֻ˵ϲҩԼץҩˣ

ݺֻǲϲҩǻ伲ҽóԵҩҪԵģôˣһʲô

´ֱڹ̫ҽˣαҪȥҽݡ

̫ҽҩȣҩãõҲұϲǣҲϲ˵ѹȥ˜Ҳûٻɡ

ȵҹҩʱ淸ѣҪҩζͼŻ࿴һ۶Ը

˜۽Ƹֵ˲ˮȰһȥٵҩˡ

ʱͨüֻۣŴ˵Ī飬ӡ

ݺŪȥ˜עʱҩˣôţȴĪԼ˴Ƶģ̶ҩһֱǿൽļϣüͷһš

˼ˮٺ۽ѹǹɷθС

˜Цʵû㣬ôʲô

ﺬ۽شĻ

Ƭ̺ʣ𣿡

ݺСе۽ɻԼһڲ֪ˣʲô

һ˜ͽͷȥ΢շתܿҲȡ˜ܽѲֻͷܣ½ɢָϵӵȥÿһ¸մȾ|

ݺ뵽ص³ﲻɻţæְסȴ˜˳ưϣīɢҵڼͷĺ󾱣ɴ|ƣ𣺡֧ⱦأճǰڡ

ݺ벻Լÿյװ綼ܼסң̱˸ȥӦǵ·ˣҲûע⣬ɡ

˜ûжʣյߣС˵˾ʲôݺƵĺ㲻Ҫ

Цһɤ΢ƣ˵ô죬ѡһ󣬻ҡ

ݺҧҶѡ

Ǳѡ˵ž͸ĺݺҪ׾ٰסѧֺңҸˣܶ㡺Щ𣿡

˵ݺ潩סûһ˲սȭ˵㲻ƭҡ

˜ĿΪЭоĪмŭ⣬һ˿ԼҲԸϵɬ

ݺ˱ۣҪƵķ̣˜ͷ࣬ɬ׾ذصĺʹڶ࣬߷ߵֱĶˡ

ºľһ˜̲סЦ΢βţֻڵ



˜㲻ֻЦҸϴɾ



գݺȥ˜˸ûֹ׼ҪȥմǰԼ˜˳úԼĳл

˜ڵӣڴս£Ҳʵȥ׼һۣ˵㱳ҵضģ½Ҳס

˵

ҳܱ߷

˜ָҲҪҵ˭ʮǰΪȨУ֪ǲЩ

׼˼ûж˵ʲô˜ͻȻʲôԸȥϵҩһȥáȥõʱ佫һҩڵأ·źá

˶ûЩ£ֻҩ˽Сϣ׼üʲôҩȵģ

ҡͷ˵ݺ²ȣҹﾪΣȥ˰ҩ̫ҽûʲôԵġ

׼ŵζƺò̫ԣͷš

˜ɫҲűˣʲô𣿡

׼¶ֻۣ˽ҩҩԾ






50.  ƭ   ûġ

׼˼ҩĹŮ, µҩ÷ƾλҩͿеĲ, ſ˜ı鶼ˡ

δף˜

ɫ, ˵򲻸һС

˜˼׼˵̥ҩ, ôС, ʹܵס

̥ҩ˜૵һ, ɫ, ̷Ըȥݺ, ֱӵ鷿

׼, ֻȰΪ֮˷ʹ˱

ݺ, ź֡ǿΪϰ, ݺѵñ£һֱʱ뿪ص巵ʱһʯȹδ, ᱡʯ̽, ܽҪȥȱ÷, ֻͻȻƵһ˼æסȥ鷿˜

ݺŲͣסɫ̾ûôÿˣԥһ£ʵܵһȥ𣿡

ƳСʦɫúܣȥ, ȥǶܡ

ݺεͷǺðɣھȥ

ȥ鷿˜ûڿӣֻǶ鰸ϵһҩָ΢΢һһ»û鰸ƺڳ˼ʲô¡

ͷ̫ʢݺɫһ˫Ҳˮ峺һɫȹѣ֦ͷʢŵĻ񻨰㽿

˜תͷ΢ţҲܺ㣬ÿ𣿡

ݺ̹Ȼ䶼̻Һܶණ

ͷĿ䵽ҩϣƽҩˡ

˵ҩݺ񶼱Թ䲻Ըȥҩֲȥͱ˜߬סˡǱƭˣң

ݺɪһ£زҿɲϳϣûʲô

̧򢣬˵ûģ

ҧ˲ϣ˜㽫ҩƵǰ̥ҩǰҩӦ

ݺ֪¶ôҲף⽫̥ҩ棬˜ȥҩҲֻϳȡһν̥ҩˣοǰջ£ýվͱˡ

ǰض̥ҩˣŻ˵ûƭ˜֤ݾǰʱĿδŭװһ֪

ݺǿװ򶨣˵ǰҩҺ̥ҩʲô

˜ǿѹĵŭ⣬õĻشЦж͸ɭ䡣ҩ

ȻѾشˣͲԲѣԶ˹ҩ룬׼ӲͷƤȥûУҪġ

Ȼ˜ȴͻȻжҩ룬صָףںҩһüͷһ£ҩ뱻ڰϣĳѵһ

㶵ؿţƿԣӦæȥߴ㡭³ҩá

Ȼ˵ǰҩΪλ᲻ãϻմҩ֭ӾĳֶߣһݶƵļơ

ݺʵı˜ŵˣֻ־㵣ҳһţ޲̰ܳȥû˜ˣº·ƾ⣬ԶҲ²ɳʲôֵǸӡ

ݺѹͷ˜㸩ĪʣʲôǵҲɣ
Ĵղӹ޵ݺȴֻëȻ

֪ˡ˜ʲôֻϴ

˜Щµ˵Ҿ˽ҩ̵ϰ壬ոι롮ҩ

Һҩǻ˵ġ̽ŵץס˜ֱۡ㲻ҪΪ磬ʲô֪

Ҳʲô֪ڼƽݺƭ¡

ݺһ飬ôºŪȥȻܿ˜ͿڵûУұ˭̥ҩǸصģ

һ仰˵Уݺ֪ε㾿ô֪ģ

µĿˮߣ˜ѹ˿ʳȻµȥ

˵Ҳ޸ϵҵġӣࡣ㲻ƭңΪȥֶ

Ħ䷢O@죬һƬĮȻΪԼ֣Ҿȥɱˣס𣿡

ݺҧأЩڵȥȻطϵ˵ͷӦ



˜صӡ󲢲ãᵽҲǴűĺġݺҲǺ֪Ҳʾãù»ͽƱգ֪òᣬźóһӿ˜

УĶ׼δӣֻǲݺ֡

ݺὫ¸֪㣬ȴ˵ж֪ϸӡ

ݺ·ҽݵʱǴĵѾµӡȥصǸŷ̺źüŮӰظţҲ뿪

ͬ˜˵ҩ͵͵뷨ӸʱѾصؿأĻᶼûС

֪˜ǺúŪģ֪°¶Ҳûֵ˼ֻ㼸䡣

ݺ뵽ԼĴҲѿ֪Ժοƺ룬˵ҼȽ㵱ÿӦȰ㼸䡣ҲͰˣʳ޷ţĪѧǰѳպҲһŮӣкôʵڣٰҲҪͦȥʮ꣬ܵȵüһա

ݺҡͷҲɵ£ĻףֻáȨƣǻǰͺ̵طֺáΪŬӵ˱ʵ
Ǳ˱ȣҲѰǰ·μѣҪ뷨ӻȥģǹ͵ҲùΪһ

ݺǱӵضغʲôܵһֻСȸ񽥽֣ʵέʵͣɷ紵ҡڣʼԭزۡ

ǰϲ㣬Ҳʮϡ˜ҵĽƱ޶ãΪȴȨƵ㡣ЦЦֲһ䣬ƺˣȷʵϲ

أصСպ߸¡һڴ

أһ޷ȥĺӷˣĬ˺һҲֻ˵һ䣺Ҳ֪






51.     ֮Ů

ѩھǺ, ûԤһΪЦڣ, ߵκһ˸ҲҲǵȵ, ˲ſף̸ѩľ˾, ľ˾˲Ǹ, ٿʵȨȴѩҪǮ, ˜ȡ, ÷ˮ, ﻹ˸á

˜ҵ, һ֣˵ھھɷȴ֪ȥ, »ĵֲ̾ϳ, дһֵʹ¡˜СϻƪЩ뿴Ľӿͷۻ, ˯, ڶ, һӻдӵϳֵȭӵĵزҪżٽ˳

ѩŴøˣòˣЩԱ벻ɫ£ǣҲࡣ

˴˜һԵߵȻʮֲм, ȻҲǣֳ̽ʵȻʱѩ˰볤ǵŮһͬȥĸۡͻ

ڴǰЩĸĹټҷ˲мһ̻Ůʹ˜дԣ˭಻סġ

ݺҲͬյ˻ݱȥͷ¶棬ڹ޷ύܰˣȥߡֻ֪ǱɱĹ֪˜ʲô޵ݡ

ѩǸˣλ԰ʲôԶǻ¡

ݺʱ˿鶼Ϊ΢ͬбģҲĮȻͼм䲻һЩΪسʱͶжشõģȻݺҲûʲôɫϰԶˣĬĬŵڣȻΪѾռ쳤Ϊʸ֮ġ

ڴУѾǸˣӦñټˣҵУٺЩҲǱĸլûѳѾŹʣ˴Լسͻϡ

ҲУֻţ˵ﲻһʡݺ֮ǰҲ۹Ͼѩ˜ľ˶Ϊ˜λضΪʺٲҲǻʹ

˸ѩĻۼʵˣȻҲ̲סֻˣɱϻҪֺݺͲͬˣǵûͬңúܺã˻Ҫãܵˡ

˵䣬׹پӶƷֳҲҪְ˭ҳԲѷݺûпɽ˭ϡһĹ

ѩʹ֣ûʲô֪˜õӡ

ϿãǸһ˵ˣҲֻһ˿ԭǸѣѹֿԶԶ͹أǺ

ĻҲͰˣڽձضǲؼΧϴ¸ĸ

ݺʲôֻ֪ϣ޶Ҳ⻰޷ǲ²ūϥȥֺóУǱĸȨˣܰȻݼٻ

һȹӱǺ۽绹Ǹ÷ſЩôֻǾû˼

˵ݺûףԳԹôǺأϾסɽҰţǰ޸ܣ˻ᣬɲǺһ׮

ݺǰˣѧҿ⣬ô˵Ȩνͷ͵ǰɡ

˻ݺ˭֪ȴôһΪֱ׳Ļش𣬷ƿˣһȭͷ޻ϣȲˡ

ѩǵ˽ƣһ۾ͿվȺеݺŹˡ

ݺвʵһͣסˣĿۼϡ

Źҵǰͥͻɣ𹱵ϡûġѩЦӯӯݺֱۣ뿪˴

ֶŶȥıӰ񣬱һԵŮӳ˳ӣ㵹˵˵⻳Zôģɱ˵ŮڹͰˣóԺôعʵ벻ͨޱһôͱˣ

ֳƬ̣ŹΪƣʴĳЩҲ֮С



л˺⡣ٴݺڴлѩΧ

ѩ⵹лңҲ¸Լ°ˡǵʦļϵˣ۸ֻǹδ̫ƢЩеʦţΪβǺȥ

ݺҡҡͷνұͲô⣬ֺα鷳˵ʲôǵ£˲һЩҲδ⡣

ѩЦЦ㿴ÿ

Ǳ뿴ÿֻܻòˡ
ݺҲֻ̽̽ڷ磬΢߶һˣ̾ʧȥ¡ȥʱѩδȰҪúЩ˜ʱ

ѩϴڶ࣬ټ˭Ҳûȥݺ׼ȥʱɼ˴˵ײݺҲһ㶣漴ЦˣôҲˣ˜𣿡

ݺܲ

ǵҲǡͷͲʦ˵ĴţĻ

ҡҡͷü˵Ļ֮

ݺˣǵߣʮԺƵġ

ˣҲ

ˣôֲҵͷϡ

ݺû̻عһͣ¡úһҪȥӭײЯ޶»ͥ

»ͥһͫȻһסˡһԵ·˲죬ʣ˭ҹź졣

»ͥŶŮ֣͵ǾŹȥ껨ġ

·Լ£뵽ݺĴͬ飬ĳ˵ǹ˿Ҳ쵽ˣȥøš

»ͥŮȥݺǣһһ㡱ؽУ»ͥݺһۣĲ亹

ɫԽţݺڴʱ˵ʲô˵ݺֻǸ²ؼİˡ






52.  Թ   ҲԹ㡱

»ͥķǸܺ, ЦӯӯģԼ෴ݺ֪ԼǰʲôӣֻǼеԼǳڴ̨, űϲ

»ͥ޺, 룬Ҳû֮ǰԼ, ҲЦ

ݺôѿĴ, ܾȥ»ͥ͵, лҪ, ȴֱסˡ

»ͥͷ˵, ź, ݺ˵ɷһ˵

ݺ, ǵͷˡ

»ͥݺ߸˿Ȼ˶Ļ, ݺֻ˵˜ˡ

»ͥ˼صͷʵտɻã

ڵһۿ, һտɻáݺ, ʳٻ, û˸赡Ȼĵһ˿ϲߵδŴһż˜Ū޷Ȩ

ǰٿѡãȴֻܳܣгһձ, Աȫ

»ͥȷ˜ǷнԼ¸ݺҲ˵ʲôίĸ볼ǹѣкѴ±ض߾ȫ

ﲻҡҡͷĮȻؿ»ͥĸûĹˡ

»ͥͷһ΢׵ҶԲסǡ

ݺԶ·ˣһ˫Ůվһ̯ǰЦ˵ŻҲʮֹɿɰվĸҲܣʱʱ»ͥ

˜в࣬ԼԷǰ¸澺£ʱ»ְֻͥǺܿ뿪ˡδ˵ȴԼ͸¶ԼҪ˽˼

ֻ֪»ͥʧԼûȥԼҡ

ݺۣ˵޶ȥǰĪҪ㲢޸ϵҲûʲôԲסġ

ݺ˵ҴҸǲ»ͥһ㡣

˵ףһ˿Թ޺Ͳڵġ

Լ˽һľֻԼδŴһߣʱᱻΪ裬ø³

»ͥԼԼҲ

ĸ֮ݳ޵ĶʱҪǵĻ²⣬ҲԼҲа⣬Į

ͬأͷ̫ͻȻ˵ɫˣƸ·Żع

ݺҲδϸӦˣ˻ȫ⣬ԵĲԤҪߣҲӡ

ȵ˹ſڣһЩ˵˱ƿӳ⿴һۡݺҲĿ⿴ȥŷǰΧһƬյأмǸɫ۵ӣǣֽţȻڵȴ̡

ſڵɫҰףʹ򼸸飬Ȼû

ݺм죬̽ͷۣﳼʱҲſڴ¹ٵ𣿿빫ŹҰɣ

죬ȴǲݣֻʣǺˣ

ڵʱ̲סȰع˵ز˾

ﳼҪ˵ͱקŷ˻ȥݺƿ߳ȥȵȵȡ

ûҪ׾˵˼ȻϵҪ

ﳼ˵㡵Ĺϣ빫һ֮Եұá밢ĽϣõʦһŶսɱ˶ԴңҳŹ

ݺδ̷˼ݣǱʲô

ҡͷⲻǳܹʵġ

ݺûҪ˼ŭߵָΪŷк˲֪뷴˽ܣֱǲҲТ֪ܣұҪԹŮƤʵݣ

һ˵꣬շ׷׿˴

ݺָģĬЩáܰǵĴ̽Ŀ⡣Ȱǻȥɡ

û˵ɿǸੲﳼ

Ƕ²ڶ࣬Ҳܵ˱ȣҲ˻Ѵ˵˵ȥҲ˜ͷϣΪҲТ뷴ϵĻˮ

ĻвܣȻݺֲߣɫ԰׵˵ĺɲҽкͰ

Ҳ֪Ƿʲôٵļ̣ŵŰյ棬һý˻ŵŨصѪһ̲סŻˡ

ݺУָճȭ˵Ľкͣ£ȥĲ״

˜ʲôƵˣǰòҵ£˰ƤڳǽЧȡ

ΪǴţΪǰճھηͿ־ģȻӦףͬģһľӣǴʬĶߡ

һ·ݺһԲŵĳ֪ݺܵ˾ţ԰ĪҪˡ

ݺһۣǽ˼Ƶģɻ˵Ҫ˵ĺ

ݺûһ·϶û˵ֱʱУȻǰһڣֱֱȥ

ȻۼֿؽסˣݺȴԾͲʡ¡

ͻ巵̫ҽ̸ϵ˵ģλص¡

˜һʣȳ޵ȴ˵گѱٵﳼ壬

ݺǰɪɪ˜߽еĽŲļɤ۶ȻҲֻޱվǰûҪ˼

ú󣬵˶ҩ齱ߣָḧݺգ֪پ𣿡

ڵϣʹͷӦƲסط

˜ԹԵ˵˵ûõĶֻһǧٵˡҲ֪ܲܰǧϾݺ׽㣬ҲⲻҪ㿪̵ʱ򣬻Щòý㲻ô

ƽʲôҪ£Įغ

Ӷɸһ㣬̲ס˳

˜ڽűɪɪȴһЦº͵ʲôֲǽȻǺá

˵Щٲһۣɡ

ЩˤҲƵ뿪ˡ

ʢȣĽǶıף˜ݺ߿飬Ϸһ𻨾𣬵˺ȡ

һֱɫˣOO@@ĶĿȥ

˯յݺɫض𻨾

ôˡʵ

ݺղ԰ףһĪرȥ˵Ҫ硣

ɫˣҪȥԵա

ظһ顣ȥ

˜ϵЦڳȥ۽Ųáôˣ

ݺȴ𻨾˵ʵϲģװʲôá

һɽµʱǿŲͶºЩɬѶ£۽ʱ΢ЦлƵƵʾõʱӲܾ

һһԼõˣΪ˜ͬһģһԸشǰСһҪѣ˵պһߵɵ

ʱ˜ʲôЦ֪Ц޶۲

ˡĬã˵ôһ仰
ڵȵݺȴ롣˹ҲûʰЩĽӾԹ

ݺӣɢīסݣ˜飬ֻҴǰľءҵʲôҲǿŪȸ𣿡

ͻȻЩ񶾵룬ɽµʱûв֪ȥ˜ͺˣǸҹ֮һжᷢᱳҲɢ

һΣֵܿ˜ǰ

ҲԹ㣬㱾ˣҸԹԼݺʹͷ˜ȥҵֱϣ·ޱ̣һĪػ






53.  뾩   Ȼҳɻ顱

ݺ, ֪Ѿ֮˜ʱûʹ飬Ҳ֪ǷΪѾ׷ɱ, ڻҵѹʧ, ʵҲûǹʲôҪ£ֻƫƫ˜Ĺ, Ϧ, и

˜δûмݺǰ¶̬, ûպ, Ҳûηͱ, һƬȻ, Ƕ׾롣

ҴδãΪҪЩ², ȣݽ, ȴΪ䱦ƭ, ҶƽϡΪ, ƫ, ֻҪʹǰһ˳Ȼ㻤㣬裬˻𣿡ƺҲһԹһ˵˺ü䣬ֶ̲ס

ݺۣҪ˜ȴȥ, 

΢΢ţһֻ׺۾ֹׯţ

Ҳѹ֣˵Ƿ̫Ź£֤㱻׾ٵĽˡ

ݺʶҪȥ˳Ȼָ΢ȴûȥ˜˵ֻҪ룬һմѩȻǻģ˜Ľ֮飬ǰһ̼˵ĲȣʼճĳУŷַһζǡ෴ʡ

ֻİĽ˜޷ܱȸ

˜ɫھҵĿԹ΢΢죬Ҳ֪ûĳɷڣպް޿κΣҧгݵġ㵱ǲ֪ô

ݺۣ˳صͷ˵ǡ

ƣ侲ٲۡ

ݺ˵Ҫȥ硣

˜ɤв³ġ硱֣б죬Ц磬ϸýһֳ

ݺһִۣͷȥĬŲ˵



ҹݺϴ˯£ڴࡣ

˜ƺⷱæдĹһֱҹʱݺ˯;鷿ĵţӰƺڴ

ȥ˱ˮɤӣȻﲻ壬ǰˤʱյҲˣײҹʮ˿ŲԵʮִæ

ôˣ˜ӺᱧŻϣæ֮ǰĲãоС˵

ݺ£ҡҡͷƿ׼ɻȥ

˜ؿûȥݺŷ·âڱô˯ֻʣôߣ

εûġ

鷿ڵȴȻȴˣԼ޵ݺ

ݺѣȥ񣬲ùҡ

Ҫȥձأڹеһ뵽ʲô˶٣֮⡣֯£õΪƵļҲúˣȻʱǱ㶨»ڡ

ݺЩûجج˜ҪȥҲûʲôдֱºͳɻ֣̾;æ̧ͷȻʲôɻ飿

˜ǲŴ㶾ĵʵвȡ

Ȼҳɻ顣

ôУû˵µ£˜˸˼£һ֪ܳĹı֮ˣ̸ɻ֮£

˜ָͣ´|Ħţǵ
ʲôϲ°һݾǡ˜Ķߣ޼սû䣬ȴ壬޼ҵŮ˳䡣

ΪʲôһҪ˜䣡

ݺ˰ԼݣǿƲסŭˡҪգϲʶΪĸֳֻΪ䣬Ц

ŭ˼˵Ѱ

޼ɻڴػ׷ңҪǲ๣İ

˜ƺôʲôãһжŵ壬ֻҪݺһͷ

ȥ磬˜ʣ˵ãС۸ңܻҳͷҹǹдõˡ

ӵĶһλ̫ȻʺҪ軹ҪһءȥʱʮҲڳ⣬˜˲޶ӡǻģֻݺˣҲ޷

õ˜ͬݺЩϷȥò˯š

ȵƽȣ˜ص鷿

˿鷿µĲͷ̵ʦ£ҪȥˣǴҹڴ˵ȰʱҪгһճƵˣͷһȵĻܼҲ

˜ɫȻ˵ĻûˣȻá

ҧгݣҪ˵ϣҪҪٵ飬ЩһҪظ

Թ˵ʲôҪûʵģ˵㼱Żظȥտӡ

ƳһۣΪΣּ˵ȺȻᶮ

̣Ƭ̺ЦһʲôеȺҿ˼ҰͲزȥ

˜ҲȰһǿڴ༥Լᣬм˻޵ӡҪĹ񣬾͸ִˡ

ݺ˿̶Ĵ٣ɻܻ¡



ݺ˜Ѳڡһ齱źϴݺɨһۣûŵ¡

ԽǲʣԽǲһֱΪ÷ٺͻȻͨһڵϣϥײשϷһ졣

ݺתʵʲô

ڵϣͷѹúܵͣ˜ĻԾɿ־̡ȵº󱻴ںݺϴ顣ū˴£빫𷣡

ݺû˼һ̾˿˵ҴӾ꿪ʼϣʼմϸ£ϴƶʼս㵱㿴

ù֮˵Ļһ˵ĸ֣Ȼɫȴ԰ףָָ׼ĵ⡣

룬˵ҪҾͺáݺŭԴһǰº׽⹬վߵˣԲҪƭҡ

ˮۿдתʵū澴ˡ

ΪݺĲڴԸŴ̺ݺȥһĻʹݺʱٻиʼռǵ˜Ǹݵӣʶ֮ĳޡȻﳼһݺʸ֮ģҲδ뵽˜ɱ⡣

ݺڵ㱾ⲻҪңԺͲҪˣһбҪ

˜ɣȻڹеһһߣǾȳ㡵ʱ



˜ȥݺߵ޷ķȡ

ɽ¿ʼݺ˜֮ԹߣһֱĬĬŵؿŶ˵ĸ־ʱҪ˜ķԸȥտݺ

һƽһѪԵĻ

Ҳֲ壬һΪ˜ķԸΪݺ˼Уȥ;˻ڵһʱûзϵѪˡ

ƮƮУһ|Ҳйֶʱ






54.  Ϸ   ҽá

㡱ѺԺӲ, ص˲࣬ƺδһʵĻӷϡݺȥʱѺ˴, ֻʣ߶ʱһЩ, ̫Ӱ졣

˶Ϊ㡻˵ݺȻ˜ڵʱ̺, ֻзȴ粽, ݺȰ˼, Ȩۿ, û˵ôѧźһ, Ƿ, ض˵

ֻܳĬƳһ, ݺԼʧԣҪ˲, ׼ϴȴĬĬת, ԶЩ

ݺյı, 㡸עսΡ

ǰվ, Ҳ˵̸

ȿԺŴһ㱡ָĦʲô

ǿʢһͬԭҲ֪ҪòƽϢսҡӱݴ룬ݿڵֿҲ֪ʱսյ

ȵ˼ԶԺִȴͻȻ, ֱӿЩ

еŭŹٻȴתѹΪ˹Ըڳ³лûãҪ磡

ݺⲢұ⣬ȣСҳΪҲң

輧檵Ůϲ̨棬ֻѧֺˣҲΪ֮

ɫһݣεҪȥȴһĶ⣬εײŶʱ㡽һ֧ݺĺϡ

ɢңŷָӡۣ޴ؿȡ

Ŀ׺ݣŭߣھͬһɱˣҲùڴ˴Ŷۣ

ݺ̵硭

˽ң㡽ֵЩ۵ѩ̳ۡ

Ȱγ㡣ȥ˿ԺǰҲ׷Χǰ޲ɫš

˜ݺȴΪǵһʱݺЮ֣˭ջ˴ӵãһִֵѿ

һйǣڻǷݺΪ֮ȻպףϷŭ׺ݵĿ⣬㻳ɻǱʱѹȥ˜ڹУľǰķȣȻȿڲԣҲ֪˼

ݺקߣʼղ뿪֣ȳɫ㡣ûȶ֣ҲŲ

ʵβſϷ˹

ɨһۣ˵ţȥһƥֻҪҳ˳Ǿͽˡ

ôܣҿ쿪

䣬㡱㽫ݺͷһѣӵֵøƺǲ㱡ļ

ݺƺһʵؿȣʮ˿

ս˳ջǽˡķӦҲ˼

ߣֻǻܷһݺ£ڳһҲɡػҪãϷҲԼȥġ

վǰ㡵˼ȥˣȽһаźã·Ҳ˸ҹʡǽ뿪ĳݺɫǱıЮţƺҲŵòᡣ

뿪ǣзӽ׽ݺҪ

һ·ͨ˳ţݺ̧㡶һۣ籣ء

սȭͷĲ뿪

ݺС˵ʱҷ²ãߣǱ᲻ݵ׷ϣҵĿԡ

㡽ӹݺһȣ漴طѸټԶȥ

Ƚסݺ漴̧ң׼ϵ㡣ɱӿ֡

ҪݺͻȻǰֱ۸סɫš㣬Źһ˵Ĵһ˜飬Ҫǣˡ

˵䣬ѾԶȥֻʣԶԶһӰҲ䲻ôԶб׷ǰҲսɱĽ˦ѡ

˜ݺȥ̽ҲǶԵģΪʲôƶʹóݼ׾ӣֻҪ̧滨һûܲ

ع·ϣڸݺ˿ҩϷҪȫ㡲òĺݣҲţӵŵĵطҲƤЩѪ

ȽҩؽʱݺĿϣЩƿСлл㡣

ѹ·гһ̣ȷ˷ϷȻҲˣһֻܵ˜ٶᡣ



ӱȵѾ֣ݣ¤ҵū֮ܵ᧿ΣĴ̫ƽǹӣսʹظ˰ɱǣݿ˰ǵ˴ǰļʮصΪĹкˮ졣

˜ȥΪ뼸ҵԼӶȥݣ˾ȻǺ˲˵ģʱվūΪԼ׷ߡ֮޼ǰʿ壬û䣬ȴڸضյ˵վܵõ˵ĸ͡

λףҲԭ

˜ٳٲϳƵۣҲδߴ٣ȻԼ뷨ΪҲö˵ֻڵȱѩޣ˴˳ǻǱԩһѩ

˜˵Լ׼ɻ£Ϣسշ׷ȥݷôϸۣۡҲвм˜֪£ֻĿЦһδԡ

ռ֣Ǵ޼Ҫɻڴˣڵȴ˜صһֱűټ̴Ӵ̽ѱã㼱ȥ֪˴֡öϲʤڼⲽʱʱŴͻگ

ݺҲЩԣ̺ĹŮжͬ飬ƺѾƵġ

˜ҹʱعģҹ磬ҲƲţһҲûСݺ˯ǳЩˣۣиںӰ齱ߣһ

ݺʱûˣЩҪзȽȻӰܿͶˣ

Դҹ⣬ǳ΢ҩƲɢ˿߰㽫š

˜

šӦһָ࣬ʵ˵ˣ

ݺʶЮ£ɵ﷢飬˵Ҳʮû޴󰭡

˜ۣƿɽȥϵĺƺҲɢˡݺָеִˣһקס¸ﱧˡ

ͷѣغţƺʮƣ

ͣϻδЪϢ

ݺĶͣסĵײᡣΪʲô

أ˜ֱۻýģҪһ㡣

ݺţָľסһƬ䣬

ԸԼ⣬˻Ƶһôõϲѵ˵ûоһ㶼û

ݺ˜ţԽԼûϢһҪ룬һ̲ס˷

ݺۣﰵ룺ٳһΣʹ˸Ще˼



븸ױٽʱ򣬶ׯصмޱȡ޼һǶٶȻԻͣǻô޼鹹ҫ˾

˜Цմ˿̿崺磬񼤵

һֱ˜˵ضλҲɻϢ

븸æ
¾ܷԸ޼ԸΪ¾Ϲᣬѡ

һŶѹҲѹµϲɫ̲סͬˡȻ֪˜ҪĴ޼Ҷֻհ졣

˜΢Ц˿ϲüҵĶ˻ܵĴݺڹеݶв㣬δ޼ң뽫ǡô޼ŮĹգ޹ϸ𡣡

ǣ˜ƴݺˣΪ˿ʷ뽫޼ȻⲢʲô£˾δҲ̫ˣһõĹȹ˜ˡ

޸лϲֻ£˵õΣСһ׮ȶհ죬˺ҲŮһ㡣

˜ЦⲻģҲ˼ǹŸҿڣλ½⣬Ͼպ޼ҹϵܣȻŲ

Ŵԣһϲлͷ˜ĻԽԽԡ

ݺӵȻǹȴݣڸϲ߶̫ãλġ³ɻұ㽫ӵߣ˺Ҳóƴһ˲ǣ㲻˶ˡ

ɫһݣȴȷϣԴһϣʵ³ɻ飬ǹɻ飬ǵ£

˜̹ȻȻݺɻ飬ãʱһȥӭ빬

˵󣬴޸ٲȻһϲЩҪȥԼֱ۲ǿѡҲòȥҲһĲҰףǰ˜͹˲ö̬ȣָıƿڴˡ

˷֮£һֱŪķŭԼģԲĵʣ²˵Ц빫ɻʵڻƣ˵ȥ˳Ц

˜Ϊ⣬ƽҲ˿ֻԸҲô޼Ů˳£˻˸Ҳһɱһˣа˱ɱһ٣ܻǱ졣

޼ҸӾæ²ɣ

˜Ц䣬װƽģ˵µȷǿˣλвԸҲƽҽҲһôΪѡ

һ꣬ۿ˜Ȣˣתͷݺ϶ϵͷˣǲĲá

־ּݲ׳£̵ǲԸΪЧȮ֮͡С£Ȼֻµۡ¶պɻշöׯ磬ԸΪ·ǣ빫һ̵ͬ¡

˻ڣ̲סüˣ벻ҪӵĴգΪ˼˵ֻ˜´ˡ˻˵Ҳ٣ȢݺһݶɵĴŮۣ罫ҲȢȥշ˴޼ҵӣҲݺȥٷͷ

ȫĺ£ݾ˜ΪȻܾΪԼ˵Ѿˣ˭֪˜ҡͷҽã檣˾ٲףպĪҪˡ

ҧгݡʲôãò˼ȢõþĻҲҪߣϾˣ

֪˜ߵգʲô֮ҲûǸȥ빬СݺҲܹϴϵպһ׹ݵݣǴе¡

ص޸ڸǰ֪ĻϲĴֻֽܰ˜顣






55.     㣬ӲŲѡ

˜˵, һǰ׼ˣһֱĩǿáƺΪϧΪִ̫١

Ȼ, ɳƵϻݳޡ

ѭ, ԾơĻԸɫ˿ŵƣ׹ɫʯ, ڸǻʮֿŵĵز, һһ, ǿһ۶ʮֳء

ݺǰֻڻʺٰʱװ, òʽĻ, ɻ, ǻʺ䡣

˜䲻òִ٣ʵɻ, 㲻ټƽˡȻԵһҪ͵£ȴڴ°ҲϽ, ﶼҪϳ˵ġǣݺȥʱмɷ, ƺǼȥ, ȻõϲĻ

ݺǾ, ȴûбֳپϲҲգأԻϲţ˵ƺЩȴԣãȥ޸ġ

ݺ˵ãѾҪΪϡ

ݺ, ֻƵ£˜̫ȥϵݺƾܣæӿϵĶ

һһģʮַ˜ȴԵʮģʽ£ϵϵãвƽĵطŽתϸضꡣ

˜Ļǰġ

ݺڴ˿ʶ㣬аٸнҲ˵ûϲеģĻǿɬ෴˜רעᣬչϣʹͫڴ˿̹⻪ת͸񣬵Ƶ𻳭Z֮

ݺ΢´Ϊң

˜һڷ̧ǼᣬĿȴֱڿ|顣

һ죬æȥ˜Цһָеķڴ䣬˵ĸ븸ɻʱڣﻪ֮ͥµĶ󶼱˹Ψ䵽˱ϣΪû˲ٹ򣬺־ţһαҪ˺ķѪ

Ŀ⽥Ƶݺϡһжֵá

ԭǰ̫ڣѹݻˡľŮ̫÷İ֮ˣȷʵׯػ

˜ݺᵽǰ£żỳɣǲ̫Ź£Ҳżˣȵƭˡ

ǰſڣͻȻͣסˡ˜δϲЩϾǰҪ𲻺õ£粻ʣƽǵʲô

˵ﻪͥ±֮ǰ֮ǰ˜ϲеִ෴Ϊйص£ʵмõġ

ָСʱ򡣡ǵԪ̫ʱẰZʱ֪Ǻ⣬׹˜Сʱ̫ϵҲʮҪá

ϳһ飬¡

ºͣĸʱ⣬ʦʿֻǱʱӣ뾡Ӷܶ飬ʱ㵽Ԫ̫СҲ̣̫ܽĶƵһٽѵȥ̫

˜˵Щ£ʼʮƽû˵˵Ĺ°㣬ǣ

ݺĪѹʵصǰ𣿡

˜һ£мӵһͬ飬ͷĴǣ˵ղ׷ȻѾ޷أǰ

˵˻ɹȥҲȷΪЩնĥǰֻûһаӶңԶע¼ҹˡ

㣬ӲŲߡ

˜ȥݺͷһӭϣ֮Ĳаζ˜һȣøַѹ

ݺϵĹɫһƬָⶼҪ飬ˮ



ݺȥصʱԴ޼СŮݡص֪£ɫʮһԴ粽տ񾯸ݺ˵עЩ

֪нգֻû뵽˜زɫѿҲ˱ģֻܱԹ䡣ʲôҪĶҲǸȴǲҵŮ֪͸ýЪĻǰˣý˼

ӣԱһ䡣û£ЪҲҪۡ

صһۣߵݺ˵ʱˡ

ƳһûɫȻؽõӵݸ

СѾ¡ΧҲ͸Ϊϸҹû࣬ȻеԹʼ޷⣬⺢ӾǼ䱦һҪҲϲ

֪ݺҲܻʲôѵպɼţܻ˜֣Ľˣѡ

üȩ̈һ£˜ºġ

ܿ޼ҵŮ˜ɻ±㴫ˣݺΪҲΪ֪һݵ治̫˻ɣֻд޼ǿ಻ԡڹ뷿пգӭݺʱ۾ԺţҪǿųЦá

Ѷ£ֻҪһɣһжΪ֡

ݺڼӭ˜ȻʮֲĿҲûдǰôϿˡ⼸Ҫʱڴ޸һİ޲æǰæһѣһϲҲ

ξͰڷݺķУ̸ʱЦʮǿοǻĵ£¶

ݺҹǼ£˼ãȻ֣Ѻõ൱ҪҪ£

ȻȴֻܾܾⲻϹء

һԣû˻֪ġȰ㴩һʮֺÿ

ɶļԥƬ̣ſڡ

ݺ˿ԸغţҪ·






56.  Զ   ͷ£ǳǡ

ݺóֵ, ûҲĻڴ޼ҵͷϡ

ҰĲΪץסһлŬ, ټϴֶ˜ͰĽѾ, ⻪Ļвֻ, ݺĿж˼Թ

Ѿ뿪˳, , Ҳʲôݺ֪Լûʲôʧȥ, һ, ޷ǻᱻ˜ѵ, ǶӮܵõɡ

ʼվ, 䲻ϵġݺˮΪ㲻, ضʦĹϵպֻ°ѱ, ǵ˳Ц

ּ, вǺ, ѵѵ㲻Ը£
˜ͳĻѪ޶ǴǰʦʱйŮϸԼϯݺһܴĵоܵõ˜˳谮ֱβеĺ£ҲԸ

ʶһ㣬˼ֻͺòı, һԼﾹˣܺܡôĵӡ

ݺһæִԴǿеҲ֪ôλӱڽ㣬ȴռȵĻʺ֮λЩҶʳѰʦһʱͿպʧȴˡ

ֵ˼ǡþݺˣ绰˵һٿԼҲԾ޷Թޣǻ̲ס룬ǱһõĹȥûݺǿʺģ˜ߵ˱Ҳ־ѧʺһ㣬޼Ҳ£ٹ겻˥

һжݺˡ

뵽ֲⷳ꣬˵ʲô˼Ѳ㲻ϲ£˲ɣ

ݺû뵽ôʣһڱɣ˵㣬ڳʱһδɻ飬ȴǡ¡Լն֪£ҴҲǷޡ

԰գͻȻ°ڹȥŴ˹ݵĴ

ֱͬͻȻ˶ԴæȥȴסֱۡݺͷԴۡҲ֪߳ܣ˽ͨӻ飬ش޼ҵ¡

㡭ɫһԽ

ЮŮ˳ȥ޼Ϊʦ棬ýҳޣȽȼüֲ֮õ澡ʧݺ˵Щıʱ׻׻ա

˜ܸܴ裬Ϊ˱ȫ棬ضӭҽĴ빬޼ҵݣ˜һʱвҲ齫ݺϣҲϺ׷ɱˡ

ֱ˵ˣֲԸԼȨ򶯣ԥãĿɨϵĻڡ㵱氮δ

ݺ֪ɶˣ⣬ҲԸ޵ġȫ߰ɡ

򴽣˼ǧ֪˾ٷպܴ˜ܳɣľ츻ڴ˿аŤһȴϲޱȡ˼վԼϵ˵ͷ˵ҲԸ˳ɾˣҲδɡ

˵ЩʱʵҲûжٵϾȥʹֵǲͬ⣬Ҳɲˡ·˜׷ûѸϵϾƾһݺǶϲ˜ƿء

һ˵պǻڣδִ̫٣Ҫʹֳܾ

ݺٵҲ޼£ֻܼϣڴ޼õҰġ

ҹ︮ʮ֣˰ֳ뵽Уշݺ¡δԼ˼ȫ˵ڣǽݺĻһԵݺϼ޸˜ֻˡ

ڷⲽηšһ³ɺǴ޼ҷɻڴ°Ҳǻصǰܹ鵽ĵزƴһʲô

ԴϧžŹΪЪԼͶϣǱӲɢġ

ճŹԹޣڵպıηס
˵˴ƺҵ˽ڡ

ߣǶңǶԵ£һ׮¡˶٣˵ⲻ𣿼ȻԼ˵һϣǱȫ

նƽ׶ÿûʲôøУͲˣݺҪߣԸܷĻᡣ



չأ»ڳɻǰܼ档˜ݺмֲϰߣҹȥֻյĴֻ࣬̾أ鰸ǰдš

˜֪ݺĴ٣ȴҲɱϣԸܺͺԴ䣬һ·˵ɱҲΪǶҲЩ̰ůˡ

ɽ³¶ɫƵƵԺһ

˜֪ԼеϲʵڲСȴҲĴңԼĺϣҲܽʵĿ

ҹʱ֣еҹǼž˲ڳҹɫݷһֻް㡣

˜ϰѣ鰸ǰӣʱȥһ۱ı죬뵽˯ݺıĪ

˿ʣʶȥĿ䵽һ˵Ĵ齣΢΢һ漴üģ̾˿

ʵкܶδݺ˵ֵԴǶΰյʱͦġκ˸˼̹Ǽ򵥵¡

˜໰˵Ȼд¡ֺϵıû£һֱȵʼ۵īֽοع񣬷ԳһЦ

û뵽侲ȴɲҪ˵Щ强ٳٲ֪±ʣҲգȳɻ󣬶ʱ䡣



޸СŮݺ˜ɻ飬ʱУʵ㲻ʲô춯صĴ¡ֻ˜⣬ǻŹ£ܿܽյĴ޼СŮպܳΪܵĻʺ󣬻˲˵Ĳ²⣬׷ȥǴ޼СŮʲôݾĵʦģȻȥҲûиȷеĴ𰸡

˸ĺɫʱݺԻ²Ϊ˯£šʵһͬϲŮ·ذ׵ڸϣвǳȥ

Щ´յȻҲ֪Դһֻ۱һֻۣȥҲ˰

ݺ֭ͿϣǦͿĨüң·Ҳ޲ųԼһֲڲ۵Ůͬһһӣɫƣûажᱻע⵽

Ӳʶ֣޸ãͻȻŵв˵ʲôʲô ܿʹݺǳȥˡ

ݺ˳뿪޸˵ǣŰлˡðˣӣǮûȥѰլʣӦһ˼ҳˣĪҪŻظˣȫɱ֮

˻һǹ˵ӣһҲò׼Ͼ˜Ҫ˱ضһƳ

£õ淢óɫ㻺࣬æлǮˣȷ˻ȥ״˼

ֵƥ󣬳ÿһƥ˵Ǽǣְǰᣬǲյ޼ϣ˴¶ҪݺԼò˽δ䣬˴Ӻһۻ˴Ǯ

ڹеţһͬѧϰ䣬Ѿˡ

ɫʱһͬӰǣǡ

ͨصģԳǴ˜鷿͵͵ȡһöݺûлɣܹҪǣεպʾˡ

ȡһα˜ץȥĽѵһݺҲҴϢͣȥˡ

ϵ·رѿأȻܵݣмո뿪ҵͺٴӳ顣

ݺץ˿紵ɢ衣

ͷ£ǲԶȥĳǡ

֮ղ߶ෳǡˣ˜ֻǹȥҵԼĻ






57.     һǨŭ㡱

ҹ·ǳԲ, ݺܿʹǿһϪϺһϴ, ֳ˼α, ŷ

鲻ѣο, Ź, ֻҪ, һѴӭж⡣

ӭж, Ҳֻ˵˵ˡݺǰһ˼, ŷֺܶʱ, ˵ǰ㣬Щ˲Ǹһο, Ҫʱ򣬻Լס

һ·, ҪԼˡС£ĳԺסް㲻, ǡ, ǷܱסҲҪ¡

̾˿, 漴Լʣ˵žվٹʮʼղ

չҪڰɻ飬˿̴޸͹жæˣѾŮ׼ȥ˰ɡֻǴ˿ѾԶô׷Ҳ׷ֻҪ˽, ˜ͻ飬ǴӴ޸ϵ

˜ǣԻϲ֮ɫĿתͷͱԼӻ飬ʸ֮ģҪôȢ֣Ҫôͱ˳ЦӽԺ֮ľֻʣˡȵ֪һУ˳׷ɱݡ

뵽ַŲ֪Ҷ˵ļƻҲһıʿδػ١˜ķ裬δسܵסΨһĲȱǽͻȥ˜

⻰ֱӣҿ˿ǻ˸棿

Ҳֻǲ²ˡ˜˼ãӲɶںδű˸棬Ҳǡ

˶ųȥˣ뿪֮٣Ҫµӡ׷ٲѣڰ·˽סأ˜͸ɹ¡

ݺ룬Խǣֻ߹ȥҲ

ұ·Ĵߡ

ͷ˵ãѵһǸĴװɣŮӼΪùǻҪСΪϡ

ݺĻٲӵʽ·һֲѣöҽʵ



֪ZҪɻ飬ȢĻǴеĴ޼ŮɣİնڽͷΣһһıͨվףձõŮҽףκ˜Ͳѭ񷨽ˣôôЩ͵ζ

޸˿һţ˜ȥӵҲ亹֪˜ڻƻǰݺ׷ȴ˜Ȼס

˵һμ˜°£cѵļձ֮˿ׯϵ֣˻Ȼ֣ƽǫ͵ľӣվȻðӡ

˜練Ϲ壬ĲײʯƵƵ𣬲˲Ŀ

Ų٣Zµǰ˴޼ҵСŮȻҲ񷨶ˣôеؾҪȥȢȥ

̤޸ãЯ޶ӭӣдɫΪѿǰ˵Щʲôڴ޸еѾߵ˜ߣҹ¸

˜վƬ̣ʼһԲ

һԲ˶ãպ͸׾͵սľ˶ãż̹ģ

ȻȴûзֻǴ˸ڵۺۡ

վԶû˵Щʲô˜΢΢Ǽʲô

̴Ÿ׺ͼ˹ȥʼһһ¡ԴǼ佫޼Ʋ˸ɾָһжݺԼҪӣҲǽ֪£һֱš

˜ɨһ۴޼ҵˣ΢üۣһǳº͵Ц˭붼ǰߣɻڴ鵱ߣ˵ܴ裬Цó
ôڣ

ߵף˵ò̵ܴ裬鼱֮Ը湫빬ƽϢ

𣿡ɫԾƽͣеָ÷ס

Ϊ˜ǽˣæȥ֡

˿ݺߣĴѾڷױ磬һѾŮ÷٣ھͰڲ֦ƵС

˜еϢȴϲеԼȥ̲סаԱȺݺĲࡣ
ȻݺСȴҲֵϹˡݺῴűϧ֮ģȴлʺ̬ȣŵĹ㣬Ҫ˵ׯ磬ȻĶȥ

뵽һ˿

˵˜ˣַٲ꣬æѳȥӭ

η֮ɫҪȴ˜ֱס¹Ķ

ɫ΢죬ϽԾȣ̧ȥ˜ı顣

˜ЦЦÿһ˫

ֹί˵˷ҲǳΣˡĹ޼ҵĲ֮١

Ǹ飬ҲŭʱǺЦ˵Щʲô˿ֻ⸱ʮ|֮Ķ繡

ɫס΢Ĳţһ˫Ŀ˜Ǳ

Ҳʧ֮ɫջط֣һתߣǰȥʣҡҡͷʾҪǰֹסĽŲ

˜ɻ鵱»˽ӵϢܿ㴫۷׷ףΧȥ޸￴֡մ޼ҽմţʾˡ˜ȫǵЦܿҲΪȫµЦϣÿֱٲ˱¡

˜ʶȻҲʱȥ˜˵Щʲô

ڶǰͿ˜ϵëԸжɣܴ裬Ҫݺ׽ǧҲ֡

ȥ׷ݺǧıÿһǾȻǱˡ

Щ˜ûٶ鶼ϲŭƺֻʮѰһգֻcѿʮۡһķ£ûдŭɱˣҲ幬˺У˵ɺ澿ĺƢԣ̲סĵװݺ֪ô

ƻ޸˶һʡ

˜ֵ°µʱHѶʵֶαȹлϼ֡ȥһ˳Ⱦİŵ̼ϹżѪģˣǲѪһȥת˸ڵأ˜۾գգȻغȲʻٲȻǸ

Ϊ˜ŭô޼ҶͰˣȻʴ޼ҵūǣһֱ޼ҵˣƺҪǿеõЩʲôſϰݣȵ˴գԼԭĻ˵Լ֪¡

ҹһȥ׽ݺı˳ǣż˵Դ

˜Ļδ£ƺڲĵصʲôֱĺԽվûƹŲ

µı鸴ӣ϶в̡

˜ƽʵ˵ǣҲǨŭ㡣

£ҧҧ˵ȵ˳ʮﴦ˴޸˵ѣ׽סɧŰյˣŵ֪ǳʱ׽סŮӡܱܣʦ𷣣

˜δ˵˴ۣתУ߳ʱִûʲô顣

ǰ˵ѵˣ

˶ˡ

˜սĽ˱ۣԸִΣڴԺú룬òö˵ʵ



ҹģҲų˳ǣ˜νͺˡ

վߣµʵ̲סˮҹȥ

ڣҪͷȵл˜ŽԾֿʼ¡






58.     Լ̲ס

ִгҰһ, ¿ƲסضŶģҪ˲Ųǿߡ

˜巵, ˸õĵ, ˽ȥš

ӵ߹һ˜ǵ볹˸ɾ

ֳձ̼, һ, һֻֻʣɭɭ׹, Ƥⶼ˸ɾ

޼Ҵ˜ж, Ҳż, 費, ҪϾɱĵزɣ

мƽȻűƿ, ʱ˸Թ߶Ϊ־塣ŵǹ˱ǵѪ, ̧ۿˣʱȥ, ̲סһ

˜һЦ, ʣôų, ǻͦ׽ҵģ

ϳȥ

Ȥ۶һߣüۼƺҲѪ¡Ѫ͸ĳѣ͹һӲϽŵѪնδ⡣

ֵĿͷ˵ݺĻһ飬, Իȥ

ףҲֻǸ㣬£һƿźٵ˼Ҳûˣǵʲô˵ʲôֻ˜Źϡ

ݺյĻȫгݺɫγҲ˵˸ס

˜ָĦУ΢׿˵δãޣ

æҿߣ˵ԼˣҲϼΪޡ˻м٣Ҳú

Ĭ˺һž붨ƵģΪµʱ˜ͻȻЦһֱëȻ

ˡһˡ

䣬īͫǽĹ⣬ɱֻ֮Ѹ룬̧һ¡

ȻΪ˴գǹ˜ҪߵʱȥסһƬ½ǣӯӯʵΪҪ˶ԴֳΪЧȮ֮ͣһΪ˿ͳ˽񲻽ҳġ

˜Ц½Ǵг
αЩûʵɣΪһΪԼʹж˜ʮңһձ㴫Ϣ˵ҵݺб°ȥ

˵ֻڶԵ

ǰȥǷǵ˵ʵ֪ԻݺԳƽˡųˡ˵Цһŵұ㽫Ƕٿ٣ܿ

ղ֮޹ǵ׷ݺݺ;Ǳ׽סǰߣ˜ɱݺйߣҪ޼ҡ˸˼ˣڹٵݺһ˼|ۣûߣ˜Ϊ裬ٲ϶ֻ޲ɱ֮졣

ϧ;˲ݺΪ˹ǣˣֻѰƥ°²ռǺޣ˷ųҥԣ˵ץ绨ӣѱַ|

һȺں˵˰ˣ˜Ѷٹ֪Ǽ١ȻνңǣݺʱԿѡ˵ķʽȥ֤ЩͽڵģҲͣеĽ

ЩݺΪң֫鵽ϲȫò࿴۶̲סҹجΡ

ȥ˵ѣ˵ҵδԾ׺ͶѻĲƱ䴦ⶪ˹ǡ

֮У˳ˡ

˜ݺӻ飬޴վҴ񶾵˼

ֻݺ뿪һĵȫĺ÷ӣδ뵽мıͬΪŮӣҲ벻ĺݵĺС˜˵ֻͽȻᣬڵʣĻ˵

ٳʢĴ޸һҹ֮ƶˣպ󣬴޸жų˜йδŮϾɱ֪һվ֧ż壬Ůټǻңûš



˜ôϣҲϣӭȢ֮Ȼ¶ıۡ

˜Ů߳ŭϳŵ´ˡ

ȶ˜˴̼ήҲȻǡǡ෴ǣ··һ㣬ÿմѯʾ飬һйг˰Щ̫仯ƺСθڶûӰ쵽

ȴӴ޸ػе˜˼ִдʲô̧Ƴһ۵ĻûᣬԸȥˡ

ָֻ߳ƽ

յ±ţδѰݺϢ

˜±ʵһ̣罫鰸ֽɢȥʰһҳϽеġ֣ȻסĳѨλƵģʱζӿͷ֫ٺзӿĶ

ҩ׼ȥڴһҵˤŵɫײǰ

Ϊǳ£̽̽ȻĿǽһƬ鰸ֽ̨ʶڵأשʯӳīۣ˜ϴϢ԰׵Ŵԣָɺ

ӣ

˜ޱزȥѪ˴˶Զ

ѹգ볤ȻǺԶˣѾ˾ܵ

Ӧ˾ֻܵǾȥĶδ֪Ϊ˴γ׼˵ƶЩˡǰЩ˜Ҫ׵ʱЩЦҲװģټ˜ˣκݺʼնίߣûִ˜ߡ

ֻʣõĳĬ˜ƽ˺һĨЦܺáܺá

ܵԶЩҲãҵʱĻѾ˴롣

Լ̲ס



ūңΪˣݵĳǳش󶼱һգаҲɱŮ˱°ߵ|裬ҲŪźձϼҴǨܻ˻δҵҴ·ϡ

ݺʽԲۣϵŵذ׺ˮң϶ñסžһ·Ͼӹٵߣû̫ҵˡ

һ·Ϸ¶ޣݺʮֳԲҹż͵͵˰ȴһҲԹ;̶ӣ빺ƥ˼ŲƲ¶ĵûȥһֱվóݣվıͬƥ

Թһ䣬ݺƲģһ·Ȱݺ彻ķȥ

·ʱʱİ·Ҫˮݺʼ߲ܣдͣˡЩͼǰ˼ɵݺŵĵΨ书Ŵͷ

ݺ˹ڵϱĥѪѾƵѿѪ衣һõéݶ꣬´·

ɽΧʵİľԴ䷱ïлͲľζݺЩ˵ѾߺԶˣһ·ϴ򱱴󽫾ıʱͬȥݳǣܻġ

ۺϣģвɬʵͲǵ˜ɻ飬αҪЩ

ݺԶӵɽɤ峺·յȷйҡֻ뿪Ҳڡһ·϶أĿ꣬ߣ֪Щ¡οգҵҲˡ

һ·ߵԽԶݺԽĬ·ʱʱиõʬ·ߣҲۿݿµĸױȥĺӴޡ

һֱΪʽúܺã¶糤һ㡣

ȻȨԺƽ䰧Ұġ

ƺΪҪΪ뿪ֻɱС

ƿ˺һ밲ο˵ǹͬ

ݺĬûлش˵˜ǲҲЩ

Ҳ䣬뿲ʱ룬ҲΪǻӣҪͬ






59.  ط   û뵽˻

ݺʶ·, ʲôطҲ볯彻ߣ̫ƽ˭֪·Ϊ˶, ݵĵؽ硣

Ÿ·, ̣ݺľƣ, ôҲ, ֻҸջЪϢһ, ðЩͷ͸·

ȥ걻˳ҹ, Ƕ, ڰ, ڳоԷоΪ˱԰ũߺƵı, 󾹴ܺ˾

һ˜ͳϽ޷׽ݡ

ݺͨǺ, ȥ˼ɾѣȥջסˡ

뾩ǲԶ, аͨٻ, ѡݺ˵ʱ, Բ˴ǡЩΣϸҲѷŮӡ

¥ߵʱݺõˮԡһ͵͵۷ŶǵӡͬͷһЦ¶ڻ

ĿΪʣŲӿЩ

, ݺϴ꣬鲼ˮͷ

ݺһ·Ĭʵ˱ЪϢɣôԶҲȫˣҪǸı⣬ݰã̫ƽЩȥѰļˡ

һæŵع£˵ūû˼ĪҪ˵ˡ

ݺֻǺһ˵û뵽ӦæȥεʲôҲһ㣬ĪҪԳūˡ

ĻȴͻȻݺΪԼ˵ˣæҵȥο

ūû£л񰮣ֻˡ

ݺü΢ţõģҵˣ˻ؼңʱҪ߻žۣ⡣

ǵϣֵܹˣȥˣҲø׼һݷļױܲһΪūΪ澸ź˵¡

ϴݺϸŽŴغáﶢӣƺǵʱڿջɺʵ޷İ

ݺƽδ£޷ʹǰһ֪ĹֻܿԼ⡣

иЪϢĵطԼ۾ˣһ˯ݺȴΪˡźɫȹ𣬸ȥˡ

ǰûݣҲ̳ԼȥЩ·ҪõĶջҪ·

ݲ糤ȻҲһƬͣðհҵܵĿࡣڵ׼ؿջͻȻиڵײűһƨڵϰ

ݺſ㸩ʵΪο

СҪˡ۾һֱϵǵл˲ˮڴתңڳԵİɡ

ݺһ·ϼҪʳˣܸˣҲûԥ̽ݸȻˣлȴٳվƺǷˤˣҪݺŲǿߡ

̧ʱӻ䣬ϵƤϲϵ˺ۡݺƳһĻʵϵ˴Ӻδ

ɫ㣬ԥԥײģԼСײ

˵ʵݺҲû׷ʵ˼ಽߵ˹գ٣ݺ˲زģˣɿ˵ұ͵ڲԶӦԼȥ

һ֣ŵذסֱۡһˣҰɡ

˰ݺʶԣƲҪߣûͣ£һæĽŲҪ׷ϡ

ݺͷһۣȱ㿪ʼܡ׷˺Ȼڿջģѹֵ죬ͼ죬һƭ

ݺҲȲϤеоˣܿ㱻סֱۣϰקҪߡݺſںȣ˷׷׿ЦſϷ˵ϱǮģСǻܣøλЦˡ

Ŵ˻뿪ںǳ·ҲԥˣϾǱ˵ļ£ôȥ͡

ݺקţ˵ֱۿ÷ۣſٺȴһֻס졣˵ݺݵһؼңٸҶۣôʰ㡣

ݺò˲עⶼѣ˿̱һª׶ǿӲţ·ȴҲֻСֹһǰ

ȥѣקסͷ˺ΧۼĮȻؿšˣΪֿۿԼȥо𶥵ĳˮǰһ󷢺ڣˮӿ

ݺƴʹӣڵõϢ̳˵ַҧȥʹһи˲䣬ݺҪܣûܳʮͱסͷľٶƺŭӣⷭƤ⣬ֽǽϹȥ

ݺ͵ؿǽϣֱ΢һ£ûøͷѪĵزֻǼʹ̣Ҳ죬վӡ
ҪʱͻȻһ˺ֹסĶɤ˿̵ȿȶݺȼϣ֮ʣ־˵ƺӺδ

Ϊγˣ

ϱҪҪʲôϵ

ӻǽãŰŹ򣬴ɷڣվֱӣݺǰһ̬

һ˺£ݺķ˿ҵɢţס˴ݣȻԷûп

ΪԼΪ¶΢΢طôֹס

ֻȥˣ˱̫صݣܿʿϵͽס

Щ£ЪͷȥϵŮӣǽС밲ںδбҪ˺롣

㻹𣿡δ˵꣬Ůӯӯקסӡ

Ъ

ɤһλǰǰĿںȻһ΢ؿžΥݡ

Ъ˵˜ڻ£лһ˿ң̲סǣһӳȥĻǺá

û˻ټķʽ



ѺҲݺҵȥʵңûñ˽֪ݺѾȥ̫ظһӦĸɫ϶ݺòǿ°˸У˭֪ȴԷ˵̫ʱɢŭ

̫һְͨǵ嵣ΣǳչѫϳЪֻһ麮ţ̶ʱڽѾĸ̫ܵأ˜ҲѲ˸ϵ

˜Ȩ֮ǰ̫лһƬһλ̫أúΪ˵ػȴ˼Ҫسְȥñ㱻˜ˡЪ̲µΪ˸ӲɣǸ˵Ӳӣһȥ㱻ͬż

˜յӣݺȥʵЩѲĽ飬˜뿪۲ľȻǿݺķϣһݣʲôǧ޼֮ء

ЪǺųΪ˻˲£ŸովȽţصĺҲࡣ

̫ظݣԳƵƶ̺˼ҲˡһŵʹӣջɨӣһŮһ

ǰڳСѾܲˣʱЪٺ»࣬һ̺ҲûУżæڸ̵⣬ڼòͷȰȥ

ЪݣȻҲ뿪˳¿˸ӣⲻȳãȴҲֵСظ˵Ъһ̼ȥ

ݺЪţڽԼһ·£Ȼ˴룬ŤͷȥЪڶԷź΢΢һס

㡣

ӿݺһ˲仹ΪԼۻˣ۾ֿһ飬еô£ǹ

ϴμݺʱЪɫףڻѪȾƬ½Ъ˵Ҳľˣ˱㲻չ˵ţأ˺һӣֽǮաЪֻԱ߿ֽĨᣬȲοҲûгȰֹ

ݺ֪ʧ̬ɫ΢æס㿴һʱ˵˵ĪҪ⣬һ˲ʶ֣ҲʲôǣҪҲҰлǹҺСнա

ݺһͷˮɻգգۣһߵЪ

Σɫ࣬ûзӵĻ

Ǻܾǰ¡

ݺ£ӺܿͽˣҲ̫ࡣ

åΪݺǲŽǵˣڳоĿףģڰдκ͵ˡЪѾ⡣

ƭ˵Ļ˶Ӷ͵˹ٸݺȴԶ£ŴðҵЪ治˴

ʱݺв˵Ϊʹ΢΢Ъע⵽㣬ҩȥ

ݺȥл˳˵ľ֮





60.     ᣬ׹֮־

Ъ, ׹ƶڼ̫صλʵס

ݺΪĸ, ٺʲǱ, ЪȴʼһûΪһ԰, ƸûܸıѾ̫, ȴһ, ԶԶȥ, Դֱ

ݺȥѯй˵ľ֮, Ͼʵûʲôӡˡʹ˺, ߹ȥ˺󷽵ͥԺ

Ъʲô߽Щ

ЪŲ, һ

ݺΪڰŪݣȽ˲ŷЩǻ, ЩڻԷĲߡЩȣʵԵĲ˱Ǵժ𣿡

ЪûΪڼֲ˶е, ʮ̹ȻؽͣĲǴһԺժ, δڴ˴, ̫ظԺţ¹ΪЩϧ߹Ըʡһʿ

ݺǰûнӴЩ֪ٻ˼ңƷ͵С٣Ҳûڼֲ˵ĵЩҩȷ֮, Ъǽӵ

ҿ԰㡣ЪʹǰʿӵȫͬΪƶ֮衣

ˣǲҪҶĺáͣһ£ŵȤĴ

ݺǷͽײ˼ۣһ̧ʹЪô˵Ҳǰ鷳Ժӣ˳ЪǼľ֮

㲻ýҹӻģҪǱ¶ݱ׷鵽˜ҪɱҲɡ˵ÿ£ȴö־壬ں˵Ц

ЪժһϣԻͷʵˣҪ¹γƺ

ݺ룬˵ĸҰݺҲҡ

ЪĬΣƺЩΣѵвƺ

ȡһҪȡһ֣

⣬ĪҪ˵ЦˡЪΪࡣ

Ҳûˣ˵ǽʲôã֮ҪйҲԳ¹ˣȥ˱ضỳɡ

Ъһķϵü˼ıʮֲȥΪŹ֡
һ˵ݺɺã

ŮΪӣȲܣҲԵ裬ĳƺ

ݺͷӦ£Ҫʣˣ˵ȹҰҲǵãǲǼǴˣ

̫ƲгߺȻЪϸ˲㱡ߵ±ܹĿĹߣԾɺһξ룬ðƵġ

ƽͨʮ紺˳ʱֵǣ㣬ҩϰ岻ҩңǹֽȼü֮˰֪ǿֳ԰οһ£¼֡˶飬û

ݺ˵Լ˵Ӱӣʱ͵ɽȥԳǵһж棬ɽȥз羰סڸڵ˜ЩصĲҩġ֪Ĳľٶպ˶ǣŪˡ

һֺõ˜ΪˣаЪȴǹŶŴΰ

Դ󣬲뾹ЩݺǸ˵

ЪҡͷЪ֮飬Եϡ

˵ͨˣѹЪΣʱҲٶˡصЪԸ϶ҲΪ˱

Ż˵ݺ

һ£ѵ¶һ˿Ц⡣

̫ˣݺ˳ݵĴС¡

ԺֵĲ಻࣬Ϊ紺ݻ˲ԶҪԹ϶;ݼࡣЪ˿öˡ

ݺս£ЪתͻȻݸһ⧲ӹЩڵϣŷǸִֺʯƳЪȴѾعժˡ

ٿǿʯϵĹӶҪС࣬Ψãͱժˡ

ллһʯЦŴл⼸ո·ƺҲڴ˿̱ɢˡ

˵һָĿڣݺﲻض񡣡

ЩȣݺЪʱ򣬷һƬ



ҹݺϹ׷ΪпЪ˿ãѹ˿

ڷ첹ѣĻͣ¶ݺʵǶЪ⣬ݲˣ

Ϊλ룿ݺֵҲǿһ䣬ô˶ͣο⣬˵

˿ͬʱ̲ס˵ǱˣЪΪ˹ڸۣ֮ѵҲһֵأֲ²ɡ

ݺȻûжЪԵ˼˵ĻҪΪ˲ƽνᣬ׹֮־Ъ丸ĸһ·ȴû򸻹ȴٵĿģ̰ͼֲᵳӪ˽ǹе䷶պҲиõŮ䡣

һЩ£οǰʧ䣬ƭ˵ЪͶϣûƲˡ

æͷֻǵǣ볤Զ˵سᱻ֡

ݺͬ䣬ҲͷЩҲֻ֪ǽֱ۲ԺЩˣҴ̽Ϣҵץ뿪

Ŵأ̾ݺˣοܿͻͼط꣬ģһսңҲలµġ

ûи˶٣ǿųЦлݺֻò˵ˣϾûʲô˹޷顣



ݳУɻѽʼ֡صй䲻ȴҲݻ¡Ϊɴľа֮ǰۿ಻ԣڹǰһӣɱ˺ü˺㰲ˡ

ԸΪ򱱴󽫾飬ݳǲܿ࣬ʵΪҪЮŮĸͶѾ

ݽһ꣬ԸҲɻ£Ȼʼ϶̫֮λġȻ޸裬ΪҲֻܱվɷǰõҲ˸ңز

Ը⣬լʮλ檣żŮظԸִúˡκ迴ǽų赶Ūǹ뱦˳ȥԸȥĸ׿ߣĸѵһӴ˱㻻Ϸȹſζӡ

ӳ˜ڻϢԸֻųķһڣֻ޲ų|ǹȥɱøݺ

òʹ죬ҹͺ˾ơԸ鲻Ըչкҽʲôİ֣ĮȻȻǰʲô˲죬ߺֽŲͣҶ

Ըû¾Ͳܺ˯𣿡

ڴҶͣ裬Ŵ˻һԾһĿڴֳСϵĲɽ¯ȥ

ԸֻԴ죬Ƭ̺ʹ̣ȵҺ֮£ס۾˿ѵŶͷҡҡλεųȥٲƿڴ

ʲôӣʲôƨū£ҲԸͬһ죡






61.     ǻ˵˻øá

̫ظסպ, ݺЪӸǡ

Ŵ£̫ƽΪȰݺ£ԼҪߡЪ깫, Ҳ

ЪһĹعȰ, ֻһһ˵˱״;飬Ȱ˼, ׼·

ĽʿºһѾ, Ѿ֣Ϊ, ūϡѾڶ, ȴ, һ˜, Ӵܵ⣬һʱ, ȥĶʮѾֻʣʮͬҲսɳʣһ㡻š

ݺЩϢ, ҲŵȥҲ֪ʱ̫ƽ

˵꣬뵽ЪӦͶ˜Ŷ, ʣΪ˜, պҪҸҪѾ, ƱҪǣ㡣

ݺﲻ𣿡Ъüͷ΢壬ƺǵǣɸеɻ󡣡ұѱ£תͶպǳǰܶԸ¡

ݺҡͷΪΣСͲԲһ𣿽ʱҿ϶Ϊ飬ֻҪҧ˵ԼΪ˴踺, ʱݷͺˣܹҲֻǵ̫أûа볯͢ԡ

οôˣҲûոһǳءȻΪô˵ãĲȷŸǷػسһա

ЪۣṴһ¡

ͻʱ¤Ҹʧݣݳڿ֧Уº볤̫ԶشСսδͣϢпȥľݡһʧأҲ᧿Σ

ݺЪĻвҡȥݳǿܷҵ㡡룬ʵЧҸʵĽʿǰУ˜ûǣ׾ٱӮ£Ϊδأ

˲й˜ĴţҲ֪µıڶϴʵ˴òɿͬʱҲڱݿоȴʼûжڿصڱ֡ûǴﻪ֮ͥ䣬򱱽Ҳ˲

ЪУĬĬ˵ȻʦĳЩƫɱϾ̫Ź£̫Ϊƶغ񣬺гޣʦǻ̫ӣϰʥ飬ѵͷ˽ƲҲһʴȡ

ݺЪеõĻشЩȣΪĸʳӦǶԴλȨߺޡȻЪȴһ뵽ĽǶȥ˜ΪܴŸָ˼ȥԴֻﲻһպݶģȴδڴеǰԾ˻˸õΡ

ݺҡҡͷ˵ˡ
˵ף˜֮ľ׷ֳԴ

Ъ֮ˡίʵ㲻úˡ

أݺϣֳƶ񡣡

峺Ȼ١¹ٲ֪Ҫպܵóۡ

ݺ۴⣬ɫѾˣЪһ񣬸ɾ£ݺûպ念޶һҪȥݣʹ˱

Ъݺ˸ţص£ϵĲյһֱȵĭɢŽһ



ݺ˴뿪ٴλװͷϴŶסݣһ°׳ĵСӡӲ̵֪£Ҫ׷鷳Ъüգ˵ƱҪ©֮ǰڲƭ־Ъ˻ӣдŽ˜Ķ䣬ǳĺݵ˱ضŹЪˡ

ݺܳͨ裬͵˺ܴáǺҪݵķȥһ·û˵ͷƺ¡

żգɥģΪ뿪ݺںһЩû뵽ˣʵܼüĺ£

Ѿ·ˣݺɵطҪĲȥݣҲţΪʲô²ϸ

ҧҧԼˮ⣬˵˾ĪĻպҪ˭ˣŵù

ݺ˳ε׷ˣҪ˵Ļ˿ţ֮ʲô

ԣͻȻȪӿƵޣǰɱȥһ·ҳ

ݺȵؽһûͣ£ֻòǰ

ķһ·϶ụ̂·ϳЩ춯̾ݺϵһϿȴģæסǰͷһ˺췴ѾǾͻΪ׵ţ

ȻԾǰһ·ɽȵ۴ƺȻˣݺд󺧣Ѿϣ̧ȴӹսǴ˳

ݺûüϸΪҪֻǣ߳ļˡ

һСˣΪ˶Ǻ˵Ĵ磬ֻһ򢷢ߴ󣬷ͻ˵ĳࡣ

ݺۣתȥȴͷҿ

һ˹ֳݺΪƵ˵Źˡ

ݺֲƵزҲ֪Ϊ־廹ǷŭɤҲ̲סθ߼֣Ǻˣ

Ϊ׵ĲɫµӴҵȷ֮ڴ˵Ⱥʱˣֵ֮ĪҪΪãһˣȥһ·˪أԾ˫Ĺ

أݺҧһȼ𡣡ǴܵĹʱǵأ޳СҲռس

Ȼ֪ǹ·ضҲˣڵнҲѹһֱ·ݡ

ӷһۺݺûпһֻۣʣǺˣ

µһıʿһ٣Цдż˜Ķʦ常˜ףҲȥ衣

䣬ͻ˾Ͳͷǰ˵Щݺͻһѽקȥ༦һݺߣҺڵء

Ϊͻ˵ͻʱ䣬קһȥݺ޼ɵĿɨҲֵسطҶڱֹͬˣŲͣ¡

ݺķô޷Ǻķŭǰˣֻǿη壬ǿվֱӣʵҲǸȨƵĹȥҪЮܺôҵĸΪ裬ɱңץҺôαҪôػҵŮһ·Ҵӳݡ

湧ʵҲûаʵ˾˽ҲעǷȵݺϵ䣬۵ôĶ亹æǰҪΪݺƣ˽̸ĺͻȻһԣڵϱȥ̴˻޺ɽȶڻЪ˹ĺУ˱

ݺĮһеļˣײײҪ|ͻˣֱһƿҪѵݺʱ򣬿Ϸڷˡ

Ǹˣһҵū澣ֵ໤

ɤӶˣݺڳݲϴݺûᣬӣ˵Ҳ壬Ҳһ㣬ۿһŮӱ˼̤ѵûнŮΪˣܰĶĿ޶ãȻҪңαػҪͬǴȴɺ²̤кգһгһջᱨӦϡ

ЦһνǾͱӦˣ˸־ҪĸҪʲôҲ繫һĴ죬ǻ˵ܻøãȻ˜ôߵյģôôҲѧôЩ

һԶݺͷѪһ𣬾˵ūĴˣԭ£ūֻΪ˼ˡĸ㶼ϣȲѲ£˵˲Թʲôֻùȥв˜ūʧڡ





62.  ں   ںޣýѡ

ϴӲ̫ù, ݺȻʮûǰ;Ǹʱֵȥٳĵ̷, ܵõӵĳҡȻϴ, ǿһŵݵСƵŮޱ۸

ܴ, 빬˽鶼, ֪óֲĹܵĶԴϴ˿ҲͰ, Ҫ, ССֱ, ĥҲ⡣

Ǵ󵨶, Сֲ֪ݺH˼ʱ̵ŽտƤ¶ǡ, ݺССͲ֪Ҫ

ݺŮ⹬Ψһ, һθߣ־, Ҫȥɽ, Ҳ޷˵ظ, аԹԡ

ݺرģҲԼܸСõʲôöܻἱͷкò׷Ĳϣȸ¡

˿ڻɽҰ룬ݺԼ׽ǰͷͬһ˿߽ϸս, սѪ⣬۵˵ȴһȥס

ˡ

ľûлɹ

ݺзʹԼѡȥһֱΪ֮Ѳ֮飬ױѸᣬϾһ·Ĺа棬岻ʵǵҲ档˶ԻɣΨͬѣʣʲô

ݺô󣬴û뿪̫ãСʱجΣʶȥ㣬Ȼٿײ

˜ôܱ͵Ϊμߣ̲סҡʱΪһϵˣһ˿ԹҲûеĸ

ȻлɹеĵλǱѰԼԸţʶΪ˸ɣͣԼ˵Լ

ݺӣȻ˺Ƶǰǵôǰ£񷴹ȴĳ¡

ҸߣҲᷴһŮѾûˣ˰ɡݺɤɬۿ΢΢ȡˣҲҪˡ

ˣΪ׵ӷЦĿ䵽ϡ

һ˵òʳԣ

ЦЦҡͷȻƭһСūǺ˶Ҳǽŵģɺ˾Ͳһˡ

ÿһ֣ͬࡣ

ļ˱Ѻݵķ²ӪУֻǼǰ˜ıݣͻʱöˣʳǿ᲻ɱս

ռƣɱսݳʱ򣬷²˻ţʳӪеλµ˻ᱻȶϲ

ûеݺ˼

˶ǱǰƤţųˡ

ݺӦһ˻ƾıڵϼʹޣʮָɰĥѪɽжǱݵ˴İ·ˮһһĿޣӶֱ

ݺɬ֪˵ʲôһжޱȵĻĵ޳·ϷŪǡѪǰѺԹ޶ԵôƮƮġ

̶Ŀ޺ͣΪ֮˱΢ЦȻƽϣЧôõķϣ㲻ˡˣ߰ɡ

Ѿױ˶״ҪݺͻȻǰҪݺƿһƻȥݺˤڵأٴסݺֱٴδ򷭡ݺֹԾɲ˷˼Σ򵹳̸һŰʽ

ݺȥһصѪˣѾΪֹҵİΣҪܡ

˿һԹҲˣЩľһжԸΥ˶ס

ǺקݺҪȻɽЩһͣݺʱ·ȥȻܿ죬·ͬҲһٿ

ͬ꣬ɽһ

ݺˣߺȻƷ֮һ̹⣬ȵѪ罦ĺ󾱴

סĸߴͻ˾ͬһɽ㵹ȥһﳾ

ɽȼлԼĪٶ˵ıʮ˳ͷѾ˴˴

ݺ̧ۿȥҵЪЪҲ΢΢ףĿдŰζ

ݵ̫أӵЦͻȻͽϣָճȭΪԹƳݺ֪

ݺ̱ڵأûصһۣǴҲĶȥ˭δء

߳ŭҪȥݺЮ֣һ£ٲǰ벽

ʿãЪϣؿڣԸ߿ڣһ£͵ɱ

еѾΪˣǰ·л֪֮޴ӣα㽵ˡ

Ϊ֮죬ؼʱ̾˵˺û֮ⶼҪͶЪպ³ıߡЪĳɣڴ˻ô

Ъ۸ϣŲȥѾ

ݺ£Ĭڵϵ˹ɰЪ̽ƺߵݺ⿪˵ιȥˡ

ݺζӳ£ֹ

Ъ͵ԼĪ˵ԮʱסֽţųһѾѱȻسԺϸһС

ݺɫãۣл

лңǣҲ渽سȥΪ̫أллŶԡЪݺ⿪ӣŷѾճѪۡ

ݺҲǽ⿪Ӻע⵽ϵˣһȦѪ㣬Ƭʧ񣬸пڹǿĵԴҪᡣ

ô࣬ŷԭһˣǰҪڿһҳ޹ؽҪ

Ъδ

ݺҡҡͷ˵ݣպ󲻱ظˣҲûʲôôõģûҿڹˡ
£ӴͲһ̡̣˿ҲڣΣ˴˷Ź

ЪҲͬ˵ͷԸ˽Ϸ²һͬݡ

ȥԺݺӶϴϵѪˬߣԹۡ˵ݺ뿪糿ߣϻһˣôŮȥݣʱ𣿡

Ъ͵㣬Ҳ֮١

ʲôѽӲҪߣɼ׳Ͳ𣿡

ݺҲŽͣҪͣݾߣǻЩ鷳

Ĺ鷳鷳ֻݺһС϶˾ţֿ˼ȥҪѹ

ݺЪϣղ̾˿

ЩͲԣЪͬǿϽҪߣģȴٳٲԸ⽫´㰵Ъ˵˴£ɳһС˰лһ⣬ʱ䣬˻سǽбýһ򾡡

·һС˱һ·ȥݡ

ݺȻ·Ըᱳѣܵذʾϣű˴˵֡

ԺˮĬᣬ˿ȥݺȥ

ݺߵ齱ߣһ˿ΪλҪң

ݺϵ˺ۣ£Ұ㲢ǲԹıѣֻǲ̿㱻˼̤κһŮܵ裬Ҷ޷ȥ

ݺͣͬڷʱС˵һ㡣

Ϊ˼˱Ҳ޿ɺǣϾҪ˵أҵȻǱȡ

ɫ԰ףĿ͸һֽľδū澣

˵ֽѰһݲĻƣݰܻѾףҲߣҪȥ̷ˣҲԤ

óݺò룬ȴѾ·Ѿ御Խˣиһһ㡣вںޣýѡ

һۣԺоǱͶĸĸˣݺʧ

ҹЪŴ깫£׽ѾҪϸʣΪݺʵʱݺҲ֪Ȩ˯úȻһͱ̴ӳˣæ

Ъæ룬ȥݺԺӡ

ݺȻҲǱæгѣһͷīɢţһӣ紵ʱ򣬽۹ø߸߹վһһ¼ŵʯ

неļŮҿϷɫ͸׵ˡ

Ъ߽ʱŮ˽ô벻ء

˵ǵģԺӿɲסˡ

ûϢ죬һƵĵı飬ôõϡ

Ъľ棬ȻҲ






63.     ߲ɣ̿׷

ᵱ, ûˣɥҲʮּ򵥡

ݺһɡվķͷǰܾ, Ʈȥʪ˴롣ʪ޷ڼձ, ˮ˳Ų԰׵һֱ򢡣

ɫҰһվڻĵ, ·Ұ￪Ļ, Ҫ۴򵹡

ݺһĸ, Լǰֻʱ̫С, ʹ̡

, ģһͻȻ, ֲˡǴһʱ⣬Ӵһ, Ψһһ֤ɳҲ뿪ˡ

һУǰۡ

ص̫ظݺ, 뿪ݵ±ʱ

ȥ˿ݺõú, ҩҲ, ҹﾪ, ʶڽӦѾˣڴϾĬ˺ܾãղŷǱһƬ

ЪץѾṩʲôõϢҲ£ץݺֻֻ̫ݺǸһ֪С, 뽫˴պв˜Ъ˹Уû̴á

ŮҩȥݺҩʱЪߣһһںȸɾ

ݺһۣʵôҲҪҺҩ

ǰ˵ҩ̫ʵЪ⻰ҲǴ»ͥġ

»ͥȻǸְĸףҲ͵͵ݺ£ڳΧҲӦʱ±Ъ˵䣬ЪҲġ

ݺΪ˵ģҲȥ

Ъ㰲ӣҲ÷ˡ

Ǽһᣬǰ˲ЪӰģ
ҾǷʿҲȻǺ˵ԭ񲻺ģҪȻô˶ҶȥɷҷѾŬˡ

ԼѡҲѡѣԱȥΪΪԼúûš

ӣҩ£̧΢Ƶ˵߲ɣ̿׷һжȥҾѹ⼸գԺ󲻻ˡ

ڹΨ۾׹Ȫ۰

Ъڼ˼ȴһҲƵˡ

ǹҪʱʱҪٵоϮݿΪԱʱǰĪټϲֿس˜ݣҲһ󲿷ﻪ֮ͥвһţǽ趫λ˜ˣȻֻݵӣڳǱߵľڧ

۷ݺݵȵضϽЪ̫ظдϭֹ

ݺΪֻҪ뷨֤ԼݣȥҪõö࣬Ǵƽױץȥ

ûãŵͼ˼ȥݵ·ˡ

ڸ£Ůڲ԰æŮȥιʱͱȥժѣ׼͵Ъ鷿ȥߵһ룬ڹսǴӭײ˽ŲæЪ

Ъ࣬һƣСͷ

˵ݺǰһѣһŲЪôʲô

ݺ̾Ųһ˲ǿװ򶨵سǰߡ

߹սǣЪһŮ˵ЩʲôŮӾߡɻǸʲôأ

Ъ΢΢һ˵ŮժЩϹȥϴԺٷϣʦһ·࣬ЪϢƬ̰ɡ

ʦ֣ŮŲȻ˼ҲƵˡҡҡͷ˵˜ȻãǶ񼲲ĺűӻ飬⸮еŮ˵ˡ

Ъÿɷеǵؿݺ뿪ķ

˜ͻȻݣпܾǳģݺʱ뿪պɾûˡ



ݺصԺУæʰðҪߡЪѾ׵óһ̻Ҫȥݣгǣע⣬ܹЪշһ·ϻȥ̫أ˜׽ˡ

̫ظ˜ˣݺѡ˴ͰǽͷҲֱǽͷȥչܼҸķ𼱻ǵȥ̻ҡ

̻Ǹݵӣʱȴʮֺ˵ҲûоΪѣͬˡΪ˲ע⣬ݺ·ٰİһͬС

ߵʮֽݺлмֽǡЪӴٰգȴǶûУҲ֪պټʲôʱ

׹飬ϵ˺޵֬ķŽڸأó

̲֪ݣ浱ʲôͻȻðŮӣƾųò̻ĳ谮ˡǿݺоʹ˼Թ

̻óƵûųȥ͸̱Թؿݺ

ݺʶԣ͵λĵɾֻһݱֵ𣬲ǹǰ㡣

գգۣһʲôòʲôӷɣ

ֲһ䣺һǸ˼ҵСӣҪӷǾӻ飿

û뵽ž˵ˣݺŶҲ㣬˵ͷ

̺ٲƽԵģֻʣΪӻ飬ҲǱȥģǷ̫ɵ̫ϣ

ݺΪΪ飬͵:ԼԵʣȲҲ󣬵Ҳ޹ȥ

ȵؿݺ룬ʣѵ˲ɣҿ˵Ǯ˼ҿɶŮ˷޹ȥ޻ã檣Ҳû˹ܵģˣҲá

ݺ˵ΪԼֲ¶ˣԥƬ̣Ը˵ʵ޴ȥҲ飬뷿̡ҷȻǼҲᣬƢȴܺãܱȻȥĺãһôأ

ݺû뵽˵ĻһʱЦãʵ㻹ҷ

檰̾ϢԹôͱһܴңҾ͵ܳˣ·ϲ㱻ҿҽšһиأӦøҲ֪Ķȥˣʲô±ȻҪ

ݺЩͬӿһ˿ůڴ˿ΪЩο塣

һ·ɫɫˣڹʮ껹ҪĶࡣ

ǸˣллĺģͶˣǲˡ˵⻰λһ̬ȸ˼֡



ҪɱУҲ˜ΪʲôҪݣܲǱݺӻˣҪǨŭЪϣ˶֪ЪһԽˣ϶նͷڹϣôȥݺ˽ء

Ϊ˜ǲͶҽҲȰʲôһݷãҪЪֵʱһ

̫ظе˺٣ôطԵʮ塣Ĵתƣ鷿˜ЪڵЪʲôʱȥģڳúõ𣿡

ЪѵЩŭɨһۣƵҰ念ԡ

æޡ˼˵ҷſһŵĵΪ㸮ȥû˼ÿɺóˡ

˜΢üû˵ʲô

ǰ˶˵Ъ׽˼̽ӣ˵ǳġݺһֱ²ȥʱЪû뵽һϢҲû׳ĻѾӰӡ

һŮ͹ϹǰȥһѣͻȻסһָŮղȥϴϹ˺㡣

ǵǸӰҪһ㣬ͷҪһ㣬Ͳ࡭ݺһ㡣

뵽ɫͻȻһ䣬Ťͷ˜






64.     

 ̫ظŮֻ, ǸӰ˷ӯ֫ݣ߶Ĳ˼֮

ڻͷžòԾϾЪеŮʵٵÿ, ֱѹԥҪҪ֪˜, ȴ´˾ٻЪʱݺҲҪǺ, Ե֪ˡ

ʱ, ˜ƮƮɨһ, ɫ, ȴû̴ơ

Ъ֪˜Ǻƭ, ֻҪ, ûʲô鲻ˣ°ˡҲֻʱʱ, ݺڰ·ϱ˜סݱۺ̫Ƣ, ˜ҪԸҲô׵¡

ɫЩ˜뿪̫ظ, ͷβûһ仰ݺбھ, ˜ݺĮĵ, ʱͺܶˡȰһΪЪ˵ģԭΪ˴񡣽ݺҲãϵŮôֺ࣬αҪץءǿŤĹϲˡ

˜Ǽ䷢һЦЩ䳰ζʣƱ߽ˮ, ˜˲̽Ϣ

²鵽һǵУֻ˺пջĿ¼Բϣ΢һǵҾ˵ʵưǰװŮסȥΪǣԲһ

սҪѵã฻˼Ҷֻţһ糾͵·ǣҪɡڽǵͿջϰĿԲϣЪΪݺڣøسǵ˻ȥйļ¼

Ŀɿڴһſھ˵©죺ݺ

˜ţŷƳϢƺûж㶯ݣվһҲûĲĿ

ֱ˵춯׮׮棬˜ıı䣬üۼҲԽԽ

һֱЪָԤˣȻЪΪ֮գ˜ԼĿѹа𣬷ǵûʱɢԽѹԽңҹʳʣ޲ýݺҧ¶ȥܴܽ裬ǻԹ

ɼˣ˵ӵ°ݺˣ˜оӿŭδԸǲ֪Ķϳֽι

֪ǷʹòˣֻóԲȣݺӦںδҵ𣿡
˜ôͷϣҪݺıץǲܵġ

ҪǿЪ˵᲻ң˜䲻ڡϾ׿˵Ъ

˵ˡʱ˜øҧгݡ

ĬĬԵľˣЪô˵ݺĶˣȥѵݺһԹ£㲻ɣ

˜γֻǷߺޣǿǹվɱЪǾȹٽϢȥҵ뿴ЪΡ



ȥ·;ңԶݳԺ˜ȥأȴûܳѰǵ١

ݺ̻Уһ·¶ݡ;ͣЪΣպŸϵݡ

ݱۺ̫Ǳһ·ģ֮ԺѾ˵ΣоʹСףһȥݱһѿеĹͷƫƫݵѹֲ㸻ĻҪ֮أʱȥ޷Ǻķѱ˜һֱβܡ

ݺ֪ԼԺ˜Ȳǣܿܲ鵽Ъϣٻǻһ棬ЪûдĹܰհ˜ҪôҲ׶֡

̫ݺǸ׳Ĵ󺺣ŷֶԷ屡۾ϸǿ󣬿ŵе񻰱дļ鳼

̫ǹ㽫ߣݺ֤ó˜㡵˵˸ุʵϲãţΪϱ

̫Ȼûô˵ݺĴڣԶݺ֮ȴҪȥ̲ܱ˶Ŀ뵽ԶݵӺͱռĳȵأ˵ž߿ޱ߰̾ա

Եĳʷȥεؿݺһۣһ߸޵ҭ˳һȥһװο˵˵ǶʮᣬȻö˵ġ

ݺ⾪ȣǷʹѾϭľȻ֣֮Ȼ˲òࡣ

Ҫȥ㡺̫ر㽫ı䶯Ȱ᧿Σܾȣǰȥ

̫ȻͬȥҲ˴̽㡵ϢݹȻܿʧˣͻ°һ󣬻ŵİʿݣݺŵõϢºѣǰ㡾ΪԮºݶˡ

ݺ֪÷Բ£ңԶܲٹ·ѾֱûŪˣһô׷

̫صĳҲھȷ棬һ羴򱱴󽫾ºݱĽ̫غüգԮݺҲһͬǰȥ·⡣

ȥ֮ǰ̫ݺֿһԴǿеȥݵĸʱֿԼûòոʧأֻһССݡݺ϶ᣬųʷһȰο

̫ؿޣʵЩӡ֮ǰڳʱ˜Ҳ֣ʮλò绨󹬡̫ʹޣȴ֪ҲʮֿĻǰհˡ

оˣ̫زݽյı䶯ݺ˵һ

ݵ̫Ъ䲻Ҳ壬Թмģǰ˜նʾڣͶУһܰһϧҡͷ̾ͻȻһ춯һ

ȥԭݺϵ䣬ˤøǱһԵæȥ

СЩ̫زµʲôԵʣֻεعȰЪ빫ҲѳǰԵպسҲõ𣿡

ݺףɤɬ̫˵ǣ뿪

ضݺȥǵĳͣڱɰʯĥƵıԵƿ˳ķ

Ĵ֮£оԼѾൽҪĵزһ·ĥһ·ʹĵĥһ󶴳ᶼķΡ

ȷôɵҲף˜˲ֵึ

ѵ˜˵ͷҪܲɣϣñȴѹֶΣɱ׽ˣ㲻ϲֻһƫִΪǵĶðˡ



ȥºݵ·;ңԶȷƴ˰ǧ˵ıҲʡųԡݺھӪ⣬ƶǸյŮнʿҲҶ

ƷȻȲݵʱҪĬ࣬·ϻ˼˵㡣ȻݺΪЪʼ᲻ֻЩݣպһгһܻص

İˣ˜ϷŹ˭ҲùҲһ

ҹӪʿǾһţݺ͹ϴ硣

׳־һҪɱУóԸȥºݣЩغͱʿǺСݺһǵɵ־ߵģֵ뵽Ըϡ

Ҳ֪Ըôˣɻòá

ཫʿ˾ƱӲѣݺǵȪˮϴ׼ȥʿס·׵˵Ż뻰־Ҫȥݺס˸첲׼ˣһߵӪʺƳһŮӣͷɢմŲм¶棬ȹҲɿʱϵõġЦŹסһʿĸ첲С˵Щʲôߣ˳סһݺԸСŮȥĪͷһΣԿ˿ûط޵ġ

ݺһͷˮ֪ʲôˣǵлȻصߵʱͼæ˵ˣɱܣö˲ϵҪǳײ㣬һȥñҵˡ

ݺͷʵҷżһŮӣŲ̫ͳ˭Ҽ𣿷ʿᱡңҽΧ

Ʊ̹ŹݺǰЩݣίӪˣ¥ŮӲ࣬ǧ֮ԶЩ˹۾ˡ

ݺüʵΪλмӣ

Ϊѿ֪νֻͣ˵ԹҲ˵ǱˣҵܵϣЩ

֪û޼ˣݺɫЩ̫ؼҷ塣

õ佱Щ˼Դ΢΢졣

ݺȥЪϢͻȻһͷɵֵôаͷˣ






65.  ;   硭

ºݵֿ, ͻʸڶ࣬ºҲ᧿Σתݺ󣬶Ѿ޿κ, Ҫٹ, ٹ裬ֵΪ˻λݡ

ҶԳ͢Ѿ, ˜췴嶼վһ, ʱҲûжس

פس, Ȼְ, ȴԳϰԳΪ

ػкƢȴǰ, ¡ĸһ, ߲㣬Ҫɿ, ԹΪ˲ķٳ, ҹ˯齱ߺ

ݴЪɱϢҲûжٷӦ, Ŷӹ, ǲݺϢ

˵û, زţ˜˹һˣ㲻˵Ӳ鷿ݺŪĶȥˡ

˜ûлӦ⣬ɨ¡ĸʵˣ

Ӧа˸ˡ

̲ӦһرܵŭͻȻȥˡ

µҲò˜̫Źµݡǰزܽ, ˜ʱĪ飬۾һƳͲˡ

ƺ˜Ǹϵֳ

ºݵȵأҪһӣ춯ʱҡᣬ³嶯³çҶġ

ؾɵҪȥĶ

˜΢Цȥݺ׽ֶ񡣡

صһۣû˵ʲôĻѵԣ̲סЦЦҷȥɡ



Ƹݺͭſ׷ô¡

˵ͷڷе˿˿Ƶİ׷ǰƺҲûУͻȻðġµҲϾ⼸ư׷ˡ

еʳʮֵƲµݺܳԲϰߣ·һƬɽأּ䳤˼ͣþϢȥӡ

ݺʱ˵Ӫˡ

ǲʮˣľһ𣬴صѣվͨŮӡݺע⵽໹СЩŲżǣеȴԵǵˡ

ݺһʯӣķ֧С黨Ӵ̬ԾͲǼ򵥵ĳ

ӪҲʱʱ˴С˵ʲô

ǱӣȥʿӣݺҲ˹ȥתЩѾ͸ˣһݸ¶ƳγεĹ⣬һҧȥһɬζ

ƱԹЩѾѰնˣһҲû

ݺ·Ҳ˷ķݣԼ·ϼ̾һ˵Ҳ֪ʱܻس

Ʋһδȥأ˵ƣպƽңһҪȥúһΡ

ƺһͣĳӣСž˾ھӪ󣬴ǰǲ˺ɧŰյĺˣ˾սݺ¾ɱС˷ʱǧʤ˵оһˣŴ壬ӵȻҲաݺǼӪ˶йעЩģݺʲôɾ£صذѾмĽʿѵһ١

ҹ˻ѣݺ˯һߣȻһ|˯㱻ˣŤͷȥŷһŮӡ

ӪСһҲݺ߽Щôˣ

ŮӱݺСݺʶɫӵؿ

ŻްĻ⣬ݺϴƬĺۣԼƤѪǡ

ľ֪ݺͬҩԸ

Сأݺֻǿ˼

ȥϴ裬ȥ𣿡

ݺܣȥߵĻһҩȥ

Са£ľӣ·ʱЩŤֻһС̶ӪĵطԶݺûڰⲻ˿Ű¾ݺǰ·¶ƬݺЩߣæĿƿ

ʯͷϲϴӣ˵Ǵӳģͳĸÿ

ݺŤͷشСһԼɼЩ˺ۡ

һûȥ˵̲꣬סʣϵô£ǻ𣿡

˵ˣӼϴݺҩݹȥҲˡ

ûãڴ·һŮںӦһŮ˼æ̶ˮܹ·ϱ֦һЩˤ

Ů߽ŷݺĴڣؿۺԴ𱸵ʰ£ôҲͰ˵һŴɾҲڷƢ

µﶼ˿ǻ˵梾´ٰɣ۵⼸˵Ĺ֡

һ˺üݺĴʣŮҲ˼䣬ЩĻݺ棬Ҳܻ䣬ǰһһıԹеĳˡ

βԸҲѣ׼Ͱߣͷݺл

ݺǰ׷ǣ˵мˣ԰ҷһ𣿡

Ƕ֪ݺţݺָҪˣ˭ҲԹԡǰһԵİѯҲͷȥɣúϢһ¡

ݺһӪ˴ߣüݣԶЩΪá

¡

µ˻һۣݺ

̺ӣвˮɹңºȻнԼʲôҪȻ˺һݺҲûó첹·

ӵ·Ķ

ݺ˱ݸ˵㲹ѣ˯һɣٻȥ

̾˼֪ҹȥźˣ˸ͷס
˳úÿĵҲãǶ˵Ǵӳģǻд֣Ĺ㡣

⻰ٲΰ룬ʵ˵ݺʱ򣬲²ж˵ᾢ߸ϵˣȻҪŰ취Ȼĵǲġ

ݺЦЦˣ

ǲˣӦʮɡ¿ݺƣǵнܿͲˣ˵Լ

ݺŬӰ´Ļе֪ӪСһǴ͵ȵļԺﱻӪģֻܹǮ뿪һĳʣĶǳϺãɷӷųǱ㱻Ϊˡ

ҹﰢ¾˯ˣݺ˼̺ƿӿҹɫֲƵЪ

⼸ˣҪԼЩһԺЪ˵ӰӣʱôƺΨһͷֻвϸԼһжǿԼֹıС



ԴհºӪܻ׽ݺ˵û

ݺǰ˜˵ӹ²ŽһζضܣԻܱŽҵ˼ʲô˵ҲѹĵףԼԼοǰиһȴֻʣһ

Ӫ˵ݺɵĵغãδ˳ߣ˵ŪˡݺƢûк˭ƽϹ²⣬͵͵͵ݺ

ݺѾǮκӪгϰߣŶ׬һҲǺõģȥžнʿӪꡣ

ƽҲ֪Ӫռݺ˵£費Ҫȥݺܾˡ

Щʵǹü¼ļ۸ģ

˽Ӫ˵ΪλҪ˵¼ءһƽϣʵûʲôҪ

Ǵ˶ʶ֣Ϊ˻ŵӣھвˣȻƽ˵ҪǡͿҲ̫ȥΪǡ

Ʊôһ˵ͻȻһǿҲ޼˵ġ

ţֵÿޡݺЦЦһ죬ǣ첽Զˡ

ݵ·ҲˣԽԽ䣬ʿǴԻƤëָӪˣȥ·ݺһȦǽһЩĹ£ýζżҪ˵绰ݺɫͨ졣

֮ǰܴݺ˳ߵļӣʹ͵ëݺһë죬ҲݺϴѣݺĶݣȴҲԼķʽڻر

ȿ쵽ݵʱ·ϵ˺İն߼һ߸õʬǡӪ˲ȵݱȾ񼲲šݺΨһдֵˣָдĹûûա

ǰҲǴһڽسǣʱϷ磬ǱܺƽǴ˸ţһɱȫʤ

ݺս϶ǲ֫⣬һأθ﷭ӿʱפӭǣݺ̽ͷܿԶ˴֡

ݺһ۾ͿݺæЩʬ

ݺﷺӯӯĹ⣬ȹȥϵѪջȥ۽ǲɾֱۣݺתһȦɱбһ˰̶ܵƮƮݺ۾ͻȻͺˡ

ôôԶˣȻд𱸣ȴϵϲ

ݺ㡵ֱۣһһۡ硭

˵־æȥᣬο˺ˣԺҲίˣҴɱس˜ͷ






66.     ڽߡ

ºݺܽ, ڵΪսңڰ඼ȥˡ

ƽﶼסھӪ, ݺΪŮӶв, 뽫ݺõ̫ظϣ˭֪ȴҪ, ԸھӪй﷦ζ, Ϻκͻ

ݺͷѾ, һ·̫, ֻҪһ, ΢, û취ܾĻ˵ڡ

ݺƸ֪һ, Űס˾ӪݺֵھӪð, ֱ˰Ӫһȫõůֵš

һ·, ݺڳʱ, ڽˮ, ʳãնӪ˯˾Ϳ顣ճѵʿǣæڼӹ̳Ƿս˱ȥÿǰҪȥݺһۡ

ݺҹجΣܳȥ㡣֪ɱȥ, ӪſһֱҲز

ЩǣݺһѪ᲻Ầ£ֱݺĴűļбסޣһҲѪҲûбܻˣһȥݺƽý˯Ⱦ

ھȤʱݺҲûţǵԼݳⱻ˰ȥŹ|ҲûóҪѧǿ壬պܶܲеĽʿǶ䣬Ȼֽ|ȴõúܺãԼϰаġ

ż·ݺһԲۣӢˬس۳Ҷƺݳʱ˲٣оˡúɱˣȥҾӪеĴҽΣּݺڴ߰Ūҩ

ڵڷʣ⼸ֲҿһӡ

߸˱߻شأٿϸЩ

ݺɵصͷϸԱȡ

ЩɻʵЩҩʲôܲҪѧɣ

Ťͷƣ첲ˣĵôˣ

۵죬ݺһʾɫ޴󰭣Ƥ˰ˡ
Цһ۵̽гæ˵ǫ̂

ݺ̿ŻشŵĻʲѣȥˣЩСæеġ

Ƶͷڴ˴ҩһһɫʹӪ˽ƺҲʶݺǰ˵ЩʲôݺʹȥԼӪʡ

ԾȣһԵĴʵôֺӪ˻쵽һȥˣ˽ӣ֪˿϶Ҫˡ

һԴûӣȻ뷨Ӫ˶ǿ֮ˣˣжȴݣٳŲ˵ڰǡ

ƺݺ˺ܳһ·ΪѾôˣֻͷ˵һݣƲӵӪء

۾̧һ£ȥҩҿӦƲμ˵ˡ

ƲԼͬ죬ҲûгԷ

нʿսɱȻصӪ뷨ӷйӪ˶ǷйĶ󣬾ӪбŪŮ˲˴ҲûӪ˿ҩĵطݺżǵԼӪУ˱ϵĸ˺ۡЩӪ˳ΣһսӿͰˣ۵·ѡ

ݺҲ˲ȥҩģҲӪʱһ

Ҳ֪ˣ׼ú飬ݺʲô㶫

㡴űԺݺӪУĳ˵ȥӪ˵£ҲšЩˣΪֳһȰ㼸䡣жΪﳼŮѴֻЩ£㻹δޣֻ

ݺ⼸Ҳ˵£ʣӪ˹ˣŮӣΪɷΪЩƺƽ

Թ⡭

ݺֵҲԹǶԵġ

̾˿˵ûȡһ£ֻǾнʿ˶࣬в̵ܽģһûŮ˾ҹȥˡ궼УʤԲھӪˣǵøǲͨ˼ҵŮ

ݺǰҲ֪²Ҳָ˵ȡӪˣĴһ˵ֳĵȻеֻЩȥӪ˵ƣ֪ȾϵಡᴫнʿӲá

֮ҪΣݺ̹̹˵ЩʶǰǸСĳˣҲмˣЦʱܻˡ

ݺǰվˣ£ΪкŸ˵
˵ӪһЩǳļǮ£һЩǱŮӡ˱࣬˵ҩãҲæֳھÿһ½һ޼˵ĻᣬЩӪȥҩΪӳҲҪܵ𡣡

ݺǵѾܵˣԾвԾֻ˵롣

յس°ֲͣһţоͽҪȥݺס

ݺȵȡֶһȷûг˵Ը˽ԳߣѾδ飬ݴôҲһˡ

ҪҼǵûԸҲˣܵĶȥ

ºݣһºĸ֡

㡿ݺļЦЦϢ˸㣬ǴܵоǱضһӲǣҾʹȥԣֻ¹Ƥӡ˳Ҳòˣô಻˵ͷ˼

ʵǸΣΪݺΪūϥֺ˜Ҳ֪Ժݺ˶ٿͷų˽յģ
ڽߣмųԲˡ

ݺˡ֣ǱһϸСĴһ¡

֪ʲôԼµĻҳ裬ӵеһлվ






67.  س   ²˼

ݵĶҪȳ, ò״ԷԪʱҳǣ㡵, ɽԵΡݺҲȥ, С˼ʵԲۣ߸ķöƵ, һȦëͺɫϵ, űʮϲˡ

㡰ݺ, ˾ƯƯ, ݺһ, ֵòϳȥ, 

Ӫһ£вʿǵԹ, Ȼڱ߹ش꣬е, µĵѵд˵μ˵Σ, ȻԴҲмֿ, ǿ, ͣ˵

Ӫ֪ݺǣҲȥݺ㡵лġǱһӼһŮˣŰæƣʲôۻǲҩ۵ᱳۣҲӪﲻ˵ĺá

ݺû뵽Լֻ˵˼仰ܰﵽôˣҲųźüնЦӯӯ, ҲʹӦ¡

ɽĴԵ˲٣ֻϧսҰﶼҳһΣ˼ɽͷҲûж٣˶ҪˡݺоԼͷҪɢܣƽ仹аӣӣӾûӰˡ

㡳ýһǻþˣЦ˵ҼҰݺеӻܣҲ׽ųԡ

˵ͼɱȥ׽ӣʿǶкʤģǰһŴõᵽݺǰNɪ

ȵˣݺǰջҲûУ˸Ұɽӻȥ˰Χһţ⿾һȥ

ݺڻѱŻӵžůĻΧǸӵ̸˺˾߸裬ҲнʿΪ˼˱ͬؿߡ벻˶˜֮һų˜鵱ձӻ¡

ݺͷ˵

ӪжǾƣȲùľϰˣڵغţԱݺӷӿɲò᲻ó԰ɣ

ݺգգۣ˵̫СˣʵëҸëӡ

˴Ц˵ڲˣһδŮ졣

Ҫˡ

˵ģݺҶϲǰݺһŮ죬ҿϧš

⻰ݺۣϵЦҲǳ˼֡

ʵһǰӻڻȥҲ˜һ͸ͬõһ𶪽ˡ

ȼŽմԻҰƵıƤµ֬ݺССһţһʵۣ㡽Ƶݸ˼ڡ

еǾƴһ΢ᣬݺСڵţ֪ࡣע⵽ʱѾ˯ˣ°һһСס

״ݺϵ£ãٴᱧӪʵķߡ

ݺѾЩԺˣеʱ򻹳½ǲţεЦЦָȰ˯ɡ

硭ˣس૵˵꣬Ҳǵ䡣

Ҳسڱ߹꣬ٻصȴѾ˷ǣֻǱԼ˶ûܼһ棬һôȥҲ֪Ƿϳ

㡽ݺıҴò߳ȥһӪʾײʿ

ڶݺѣϴ󴩺Ѳã㡵㼱ææҪе̫ظܻ
εս·ͬСɣºݽݾù£ͻ˼б˴ػһѪսݺ֪ԼӪΪ㡵ǣʰˣǰҲûܼϡ

ݶţ̫ظвͽʿǵĳԴаи

ݺҲûڸеʱҲϰ䣬ձȥǽ㡵Ϣ

󲻾ãݲԶݺȻΧ֧Ԯ·ضֻۿݱѾ¡һ붼ͻʱɱӵһݺܿͻΪ˼

㡼ͻʱĳǳأ϶ʬҪҪһߣǺӱȾɺ췢ۿݾڲԶȴ޷Ԯȥݣݱ飬ֻǵɽ֮ơ

սһº󣬽һαסˡݺæȥӭ㡣ͷģһ϶ǵĺۼ̵ѪѾڡ

ſֱ۽סĺ󱳣ɤƵ˵ûˣ£Һúõġ

ˣ

ڸأʱΪݣƹȥǼ£Ҳ֪оǳʲôӣǵĿضɱˣһȦȥǣǴֲ

˵ɫҲԵмֹŹ֡ݾȻˣѾˣ˴Ǵȫʤ

ǵݵıܰһ¶Ϊˣ񷴶ܵоǰ͹ݵ̫ء

㡸ݺ̫ظл̫غúϴһͨ泩ȥûȥݴ̽ʿ㡶÷ݺһ߽ѻ

ʿɫ壬ĿİͰ˵ÿӣͷϽģһ仰˵죬ҷԲԡ

ʿ亹ֱðӵݺһҧ˵ݳڰǰ˜¡

һҲڵأĹûˡݺͬɫҰףϲƵط䣬ŷҵȥ㡡

סݺ֣ʵǰմ֮ˣҲ˜

ǡ

ɫѾ׺ȥ˶ڳơ

˽˜ȻݶˣҪΧǳҲ£ʱǸܵУ⻹ô

Ψһϣ˜еģǺսʱ֮Σ

㡷÷ҲԲˣӻ˵ˣȥɡ

űԥ¡

˵

ȥ̽飬˜׽סҸ仰

㡻þˣۿݺŵɫף޲ŵȥҪ˜ǸҪģòʲôӣŮ˶ǰɣƽģģ¹ޣ

űһͨҲ֪òü˵꣬ؿݺ

ݺ㡣˵ˣֻҪͺã˜û취ôģοºݣڡ

űҼ˵ꡣ

š˜˵²˼񡯣ʹ

ݺɫҲòĶȥƵ߷ߣѹ»˵ûˣ²Ҫȳȥɡ

űȥݺ㡶ãʼһԲ

һѵ磬Ҫˡ

ӦһȥϵĿӣӲ˲ҵ˼ڷŻڴڶãȴֻЩ˶ζͬ

˼ڣ̲ס˵ҽȥºݱһܣӵȰٽӻ

ݺҡҡͷⲢǳ֮ƣ˜Ʊػ罩ãܲһֱºݡοʲôδ벻˰·ɱӦ⡣ҾڽҲȥ

㡳̾һεҲǵģݴΪ֮У˜ǣС

ݺƶ

ü˜һ޳֮ͽλ

Բܵĳ񣬿һǴܵĻӡ

ľΪ붬֣Ҷ֦ͷ紵ߡݺ£ѣɫջĿ⣬˵һڽݣҶˡ






68.  ֪   ֱҺ㡱

ݳǱº, ݱĻ̡̻ﱾȱӪеҪȴǰʡˡݺ㡵ĴԽԽ٣æΪ˼ӹ̳Ƿ

ݳǵİվܹս, Ҳĵ, ǺӵѪˮҪüղܱ峺̫شų׳ӳȥ˲ľŮ潫ʿǷƶ¡ë, ͽ洢ӱߵ«έ䡣

ͻϰϺ, ϴźƤ, սʱʿ߰û, ݺΪسսϢ, Ѿºɱ, аóͷũ߿УʣĽʿһͬʱסºݡ

Ӫнʿһ˲Ϊ, 򱱽һĿУջºݳǡڽһس, ȥº֧Ԯ

ºݵģĶ, ºݵ̫볤ʷˡ

ݺ֪Ҫ, Ī, һҹû˯ã첻վڳǰĿԶȥ

紵ݺȹգݶѩˡȥʱϴԼڼص˜

ȴ뿪ʵأߵҲȥǷĳ, ʬҰĽݡ

Ժÿճо鴫̫޾ϸĵŽݵȫǰգÿתͣЪֻ㡻һȻ֮Ϊ˰ºߵü;⵽˵оһʱ޷ͻΧȥݳҪĲסݳڱٵȥ֧Ԯ

̫˼ڻѡȥס㡣Ȼ³룬ǰݡ

Ӷ˻ƣΪسǵϳţũʯͷǵĵоˡݺ֮£ŮѧײˣľͰˢֵͩͣǰǵѾӪ˰ž˱һһ֮ˣһղͣ

ڶ࣬ͻʸѹֻʣǧȴҪԿо򾫱

ѱΨԾȡ˵ǺӶҪһݣսܿͻյ볤ʬҲǳ¡

ݳĻ̻̣ݺΪʿÿնҪ̫һͬϳǽ

ˣٳٲѩΪ֮סյԣÿ˶űľġУ͹ڽʿӣѾ˾ĵز

ݺΪ޿ˣһߣоʿضսٴιʱۿųŽƣȻһо񣬴ӺƵоͣǴ仨ˮ

̫ػΪ㡻ˣȻú˲ԡѪӳɫľϣȻճһ֡

ġǷǴܵľ졣

̫д󺧣ͬɫҰ׵ݺǾ˵˜ıҵδɥȴòϡ

ݺҡҡͷδˡ

̫ص䣬ٲȻˣǻ췦Ϊܶ޺ֻаա

˵겻ãǰѾͻȻ˱ûҪݵ˼ǰ֧Ԯһ㡣

ۿŽݳסˣ˺ز֫ǿЦ

ҹΪͽʿǣ̫ɱ˸һͷţ˷ȥ

Ϣ˜Ҫ󽫹͵ݣһ㣬سǣҲṥݡ

һҹ֮䣬Ϣݡ

ݺʱ̫ظǰѾΧˣ˶뿴̫ľΪسǣȫ̰ľƣʳһΣضݡ

ݺѾ̲סˣ̫غΪԸʣһסΣ

Ҳ˷߷߲ƽ˴ܹͣǲҲ壬Ҫǧŵ˜ǲб޳֮ͽ㾹ģ

ݺ·ڣɫ԰׵վ̫ߣû̫ı顣

룬˜ǺǣҪַʽʸ֮ģԼȥϴġ

۰Ϊ˽ݳڲˣȴҪоɱ֮ʣȥӪģѵнʿС˲ɣ

ǴܵĹѵһ˵ֵùȫ壬ǣ

ȥǲȥ˵仰

ݺŵӣҲ˼ϤӰаӪˣҲݵıʿһڼ̵ֲؿ

ûһصˣܻȡ˻ѡ˭

ݺĳĬѾ̲סӲ̫ظ

⼸ݺۣЩ¼Ѿľƣ̫زйʲôرʾƺҲڵԼվ

ݺŮЩߺޣûվȥһëӵһãȥ̫أ˵ֳƽ㽫ｻϣƽҲҪŬӲͷ

ݺǵʱҹɺѾõĽݳƮСѩǣ̫ͱ

ĸǻͣʵ;·ӵġ

ݺϵݵʱǳ΢߶Ǻݺߵʱûϵѩϲ£ֽŶˡľӵųİӪȥ

Ҳ㡣ǵ㡻ȥĻϲȥ֪͵˜ϣҪʹ

˜߳Ӫʣƿӱݺһ£ȴ·һˣĮֻƲһ۱˿뿴

һҹѩ϶˲ϸѩɫ͸Ĳ԰ףǼȴ΢΢졣

˜߹ȥǿӲ̧򢣬Цᣬȴ絶һ״ܵʣ֪𣿡

ݺǿûаϴ˼ɱЪ

мŤķ͸ôòһ˵Ъеȷһ㡣

˜˵꣬Ȼϵ糶סɷ˵ᱧ𣬴Уֱӽϡ

ݺڴϣԴ΢΢£Ҫͱ˜׽סѹͷһȵĴʢŭ𣬷ݵؿҧ˱˿ĴӶᣬͬͷһ㣬κࡣ

ݺۣⷢҶ˫ȱѹסֻܷ|ͬ԰׵ɫҲȾ˺ΡڳŲסʱ˜΢΢飬ҳһ˿鶯ȴֻĮȻ

ʺ죬Цһ̱ȥ⿪ݺȹϵϥǵֿ˫ȣǿӲһ߳ܵӭ

ݺԼģǿŲԼ޳˜ֲȻ֫ʱ򣬻̲ס

½ϵѾ⿪Ƭؿ¶ڿУݺű˜ڻŽֻе˜ÿһ̵ͬһ㣬ֻʹ裬ּ|ʱ̲סʹ޳ίһк¡

˜δ޳Ҳ֣֮뿴޵ʲôʱ˭֪ݺһƺίˣ޵󻹿

˜ڻǻŭ𶼱ώ´һһϵú޴Ҳ˾ǡ

ݺǿ޸ͣ۾ź죬޷ʪյڼձߡ

˜ﰲȲҲӭϣŪ

Ҳ֪˶ãݺˣ˜Ҵãʪۣ齱߿˯

ӪΪ̿ůڵģѩӣйݺɫ˯ȥƺ˯ҲϸüŲ֪ʲôجΡ

˜ע˯գֱҺ㡣

أ𣿡

ݺûлش֪شˣݺҲҪܹݺصߣǻպ






69.  ĺ   ³

ѩµô, ؼããһƬ˻ϲ˳ͻȻĴѩҲ֪Ҫƶ˼ҡ

ݺһ˯˺ܾ, ˜˾еĴ, Ƿʲôһֱ磬Ż, Ϊ˯̫, ԴЩ, ͷҲƵʹ

ӪŻƵ, ݺ, ܿ̿ǻӪůڵ, ҩζ

ݺʱÿԶ鰸ǰ, ˜ŶͷĿСֱѹŶѻš

ѩһ׵ѵ, ƵİƣϢ, ˜̬Ҳʵ, һֻ߰İ׺ס

ݺǰ, ֻǾӶ˷°ĸţ˴ĵĽǰ֣ҪЦˡ

ʵû뵽ӳһ·ݣ˜ǲϷŹ

Ӫкܰë̺ŲһҲûСݺԼѻĴ, ʱҲõ˜α

Ҳ֪˯˶ãա

ݺӪʵȥƿ˺ʣһƬĿİ۾࣬ӡҪʱһ˫ֱۻ͵ؽӵ뻳Уͬʱһű콫ͷŹ˸ʵ

ȥĶ

˜ƺǲ˯ѣ۾ͼҪߣɫ㲻ÿ

˵ʶԼƺЩأ˵ѩˣ캮ҪȥҲȴѡ

ݺûʲô񣬷ܵص˵ͷ˜Ƽȹ¶Բֺ̲סü齵ķߡ

˵ƸǴ˱СݺֱֱϣһݺΪ˲ˤȥֻܱȷסļԺ˜˵Щʲôһ෹

ݺʼһԲڷһ鶼ԵľȻ

ݵʱЪһֱݺ˜ѯʣȴ͸塣ƽջ㰢ݺպҳ˷ޣƺҲøЩǻ㰢ݺãǻݺã

ݺ˱飬зƣЪֻû䡣ôҡ

˜ҲգֻЦһ⼤ŭһ㣬ս˵ЪദգˣΪգ֮ȷǱѰ

ݺÿδЪ֣޾
Ъӣȡ

˵˜Ķƺһ˲ű㸧ָͣ򢴦Ħ΢΢İĴϣǶߵļ|ƶ ˡ

ݺִر˿һ㴹ھࡣ

ݺڷȻ֡

ݺĮؿ֪⡣

Ȼһû˵ĻֻǽԼ

ϴݺССڵغ࣬˜ڿšһ˪ѩӪʺľгܰĳЦӯӯݺкȴֻݺĮĵͷԼ˜

£˜͵ʡ

˵ķӦЩίص˜һۣŵǰ˵ݺҪѩ·Ҳģû

ݺ룬ŵĸ

ĸüŤͷ˜û𣿡

ˡɫ̹Ȼػشû

ݺеΪʲôϣץ

˜ľȻΪ˲и˲ãק˻źһ롣

ݺ˼ѾƮ⣬ӶԸձȥҪȥԸûвԣȻӦҪȥ˜Щ꣬Խ˳ȥ

ݺ㰲յһ

֪ʲôҡ֪ŭ˵Ҳǲȥ

ݺ΢ΪλУ˵ǧʲô

Ը˽Դݳӣʱ¶ݣʷ׽ס׵ִҪָҲֻôһ·ϣ̫ظС˜ûƭ˵ҲʵֻԭȴԸҲǺģҪЮݺֻǻԸãݾǰ˸˹

Ҫȥ

彡ʣģȰꡣ

ݺض룬ھͺһ뼦˿ࡣ

ݺųߵʱ˜ֽһѣŭ㻹Ҫʲô

ѩ˵꣬ŵĺʵ۸ϣΪһ硣

ʵʵֻë¶Ժ˜ˣ߰ɡ

ȥʲôá

Ҳȥ;ô죿ﲻԶţ˷缫ɼڰ׼ĵѾ˲١

ݺйԸټƽԵ¡ѩأϸ΢֨ѽؽݳǵİѾ׼ˡݺǵߺͻȻһᡣǰ˵ҪϻͬһԲǶΪžۣȴٴθԷ롣

Щ£ͬˮĴ˶ûһǿЦݶ

˜ѣѯʣôˣ

ݺŤһ߲ᣬȴǱ⶯̵һͻȻͰļ򣬲ɷ˵ȥ|ţһ̽ĵߣ|Ū֮䣬ֻʣĸO@졣ֱݺܲסļԷſ

խ谵УƺҲ֮˜ݺţһͻ᲻һ㣬ôϢࡣ

ݺܵϸȵ󾱺ǰأͬľȼʱĻһ㣬Ź̶ת˲ŵȶȡ

֮ǰĵķ˜ֱۻסͬܵһ㡣

ɤǹ΢ƣߵ˵Żһİ¡
ߵһҷ룬ǽǴȸãɱӵ磬㷢Ĳӡ

ż΢ز

˜Цһ˵ұ¶Ҫϴƫƫһޣ̲סˡ

޳ǾɫˣαҪҲ˵⻰ʱ򣬴ҧгݵķߺޡ

ȻΪֻ㡱ϵݺµϵƽűŪҵ½΢ָⴥļϣһʹ˳ЦҵĻϲΪЦȴᶼ᲻áİ㣬˿һҲ޼¡

ݺΪ߷ɫ죬ͣԺҲƵȥͷп첽ȥǰĻҪȥ˜̱ǰ

׵ȥ

ȥݺǺһѩȥ˸еŲ鸡һƬ̲ס뵽սĽʿ˿캮ضĶ²ҲˣҪһƬˣָΡ

ůеԸĽŲȥţ͸˵ͷ䣬ȥɡ

˜ںδңԸãԾпϣ˵ġ

䣬ž֨ѽһˣһͱ⡣

һëŵŮӳ֣èһ˶ϵѩӣ¶һ΢Ľݣɫʺ죬ѩаصĺ÷Ϊ԰ױشһĨɫ

ժ¶ֱԸȥҪȥ֣Լ̫˫۽ס

Ըݺһδݺ紫һضȴôҲ벻ط̶̵꣬ʱƱãֱΡ
Ƭֻ̧̣رסݺ

͸һʼ֪ݺݣҪȥԸ߽һˣһѩѣֱҪͰããΪһ壬ǲſһۣͱҪȥš

һΪġԸЩʵؿڣȴڼ˜һȻֹ漴ŭݣ˵ʲô

˜ȻһԡԿŷġ

ԸһŷӦ˼Ťͷȥݺ

ݺ˵밢Ҫ˵Щ强ﶼǻܵδͲܱһ𣿡

˜Ҳ֪ǲǴԵһ˿ί
ѩӣ֪ηҪҳȥ

ԸӣҪ˜޳ܣȴǡƳݺ¶ĺۣͬһסӡ

Ѽ˸檲ϣβ֪ôġ

ݺԸɤЩɣŬѹŭ𡣡û۸㣿

ԸѹúܵͣȻ˜ˣ漴һζı鿴ƺڵĻش






70.  ѩ   ѪϴѪͷ֮ޡ

ڳʱ, Ը֪ݺ˜㺣ֻݺΪȴԾ˜֮, Ϊ֮ٺ˜ʵ, ˾͸û˿ܣԹûͨĵ, ٳ, Щ˼ҶҪ˴żʹ

һ, Ŀ⽻, δ˵Щʲô, ȴѾԸ׹ˡ

ҪȻ˜ʲôҪǧټѰݺ, һȨƵĹֵ£޷ΪԵĲɸ˵˼

ͷһ, ͩ˻ϣԸǶճɻ, һ˫ۼҪð
һһ٣ƺҪ˜ҧһ㡣֪ʲôݣ

˜Ͼؿݺ, Ըŭݡ

ݺ֪˜֮, ̰סҪԸ, Ҳùܣһһ͡

Ըά˜ΡֻܸңǷ㡣

Ȼ֪Ըʲôæ˵һзԸȲҪŭպ󡭡

ˡ, ˜õشһȥ

ݺ͵ҷá

˜ЦЦº͵ĺá

ԸɫһףŴû˵ԣҲ³çŭ˜粻ˣǱʲô

ݺԹͬҲŭԸ˼ˡ

˜ùһԵĶϣɡС

ëѩ£ŵ˺һ㡣ݺ飬ּϲ˜Ųߵúܿ졣̫߳Զ˜ͳסĺ졣Щ

ݺͣ½Ųʵߵʱˣ
뿪ʱ㣬ҲҪˡ

һʱһسӦܸ¾ơ

˜ͷѩ䣬˵Ըһߣ㸸ʺͻֶòᣬǷҲҪˣΪ˻׺ͼλˡ

ݺЩڵĻͻȻסˣһʱƿԡ
ԼŮɱУսԶ˵ºݳǣԶݵľԾɻģδŵһƴˡ

֪ս𣿡

˜ɨһۣ˲©δָ̫ġ

ݺͷֳĬȥһ˲ŵ֪ʲʲ壬µΪսұش꣬ȴΪƽȨλֱ˴Ҳ㲻ϺãңҲûΪҹһʵ㲻һøס

˜ƺû뵽˵ЩƬ̵ľȣƽΪβվߣΨҸһҪĶ뷨跨ȥݣһĹ

ݺãȻؿǰѩأããһƬĿ۾ᡣҲΪ˸ʣֻΪԼԼҪӣҲһ𡣡

ͻȻЩջȻƳ䵭ģֲϱ̫⣬Цһ˵֪Ҳ˾ӣ͸Ҳʲô³

뵱ʵ𣿡ݺɻһ䣬ԴҲԣûﻪ֮ͥ䣬̫֮λģ㱾ʵۡ

˜ûлش⣬ֻĵ˵ʵۺۡ

׼ʹǷҪλֻÿߵǻλǰܻʶȥˡ˶ҪδؾǺõġ

ɱɱѣҪõսľֻΪ˽˲ڽ£Ц

ʱҪ𢣬Ϊһʷǧšţĸھص常¡ߵ죬մѪȹоåҲѵһҶĵ¡

˜ǣݺ֣ѩߵúû˿ƺֻ˵һЩ޹صС¡ŽͨһЩϱûʲôĹֻ˻ҪЩҹˣұȥǵϥǣҵˣһ޷ڡ㸸ǱҪֻѪϴѪͷԹޣ𣿡

ǰѧѧһ㣬ϸʡ𡱣

һݺûٵͷ



ݳݵԮʱסˣֻԾϡȱоԹصΪسǽо£Χ̫ظǰԽ̫ذָٰĻҲŰ˱ŸǰµİŭʲôȥˣȻ͹ߣôվţڳס˳װˣƵ̫һ˵ϣ޷ǾǺӻˣһȺҵģ

˵˭֪ú㴫˻سǵϢ

㡻Ѫصݱ˹ȥǰ˵ű߹֪˿һĻ׷ۿʪȣѡ

̫֪дڼȥԺгԺжδڵıѩһֱȵɫϣ㡲

˿ڣڴϣ㿪ʼµ״֪нʿһǧ˺ɣɻһǧˣ˱

亹ֱðսսǡݡ

˜šüë⡣˜ǱˣΪλݻ

ž˵̫Ժг£ԼѾµʲôɫ˷ȥ

̫عɪɪ·Ҳȵ㡣м־£¹𷣣Ȼ½Ϊ¹һ֮̫ظ˲ɣݳǽʿ޹أ

˻һ㡵ɫʱͰȥЩһˤȥֱƵʣĶ

¹١

㾹ҽ͸˜ĿѣߵҲü١ݺӳһ·ݣһ·ܾ֪жѣ˵ôӴ˻ٲ£Ϊ˲̤ݳǰ벽ȴһŮ͵˜ϣ

ˮۿͨ죬ŭת»ĽҪȥ̫أΧ˸æȥűסȻأҳԽײ

ˣ˷ȥЪϢͼۣ߬ȭͷߵİݺп޹

ֱ̫㡣ֻҵͷᣬԸȥԮ

㡺ݺݵһڣ˶ǱȣݺλԸƣȻ˿ࡣڽݣȻ˵ʲôʲô

̫һ죬Сǰ¹ӣƽҲҪŬӲͷһë¹ת

һȣҧԼ޳
ûסҡ

Ԫˣս֪֮ݺڵӪֳܿ࣬ȴΪһȫˣҪҲԼöס

ٵһʱգƴҲݺȻ



ݳУѩǺһס

ݺھӪ˜һס̫ظ̫ǰЯҾѾ˰·ϣ˿̸ж˜ˡ

ԸҪ溢ȡȡСΪƽ

˜ǴСͺӲԸƽһ޸ͣȥ壬ƫƫҪݺίݺ˲ֻþȥƽˡ

ƽϲ˜ȻҲϲƽʮСԵغݺ˵պҵĺӶϲ

ݺƳһۣ

ܿƽصݵϢݺдȥʱġͬʱӹҲһһ⣬Ѿ˶׼ˡ

˜϶ţҲ֪ǿʲôЦΪãŽݺ̵ָһ˵㸸ѾĬǵ¡

һȻдţŹݺ˽ͨѹ٣񱻲ʵ׷ټ͵ɱ

ܱģţ˜ߣȻʲôϢ£ֻ񿴵͵ɱĸ֣ݺǻ̲סĺ

ȥݣҲϴɾʲôãպһ˵

ߣҶԲЪԲԼΪԼĸģݺͷһ˜˵ԼĽ١ҲĴ㣬㽫ҵݽ档Ϊ˷޳þֶαϴ磬ɱĴҵЪ

ҰĽʱã㲻ģұҲѹ˳㰮ңȴֻĺ¡

˜Ъ֣΢΢һƺˮҲʼ

֪Ͳƭˣֻ˵ʵδԵ̫Ъ˲ͬݺδûа⣬˸ɾ






71.     һ

սƵ, һҲ֣˜ؽݺسȻ첻Ըѩ·, 캮ضʿҲסǳŴʱȥº, δñ㼱æϹȥˡ

ºݵ㡣᲻, ͹, ڵǲȴǲЩ, , оʿ, ưܵĳǽ, ɺѩأûЦȥ޹¡һ, ͻʱбϰԣºݳΪһǱȻ

Σ, ʹбֵҲòǿ񡣽ʣ, 㡸ȥºͬ޼, ֻ˳Ƶʱհˡ

ݺȥһֱûлӦ, ̲סǷ念ûʲôҹҲ˯ã˜̾

˜Ȼ֪ʲôӰԼ˵ٲ˯ǿЩ

ݺŵ˶, ˜

ʧЦ˵㡶ԱҪ

ҺܺãС㻤ңʲôҲûУܸҲЩ΢Ķݺ̽ԴЩƵġ

˜ƮƮӦһ䡰˯ɡű㽫ӵ뻳û˵ˡ

ݺδϣŵڶգоͿʼ׼ºȥˡ

̫ظԸȥºžۡݺδ뵽˜ɱ֧ԮºݣоþòƽһֱˣԾЩ㱡

˜ǡ˵űһ£֪ʲôݣ˰죬Žŵ׽͸

˜ķЦһ˵Ҵ˴ȥºݣһǲճüҪ¸֪㡡

ȥºݵ·̲̫ºսѾãƶѾӶʳĵزǲŵǰսһֱսղʱǣȻºȴϴ򿪳ŷžȥ

꣬˜ȴŲæ˰Ը롱˳

ԸҪЮվڳ£Сƽƿڴ㡼Ѿõãʱۿʪˣļٵ޲÷ȥԼߡ

аһԮˣһ߹һ㡷žǡ

ʿײеҵսãǽƣ˶֪µҲѾȴ̲ס룬ǴܵѪ˭ǰܣֻҪסܱȱǵĺá

һ£Ҳվ˳ʹȥ˻һֱڶŷ˾ǡ

Ŵ򿪺ԸӶĸԼæȥ㡣ʸ뼸λֵںδۺһԲվƬ̣ͻȻڵϺ

öӵۿŶǰ

ݺҲȥ㡣˜סܣֻ粽ظԼ

ΪδȫӪ֪žǵϢиߣȻзŭڼݺһɢ

磡ݺӪʣƽµ㡣ǰһǰҪ

ֱ۶ſˣȴûܽӵݺһ˜Ѿקߣż־ζ

˜㵽ʲô˼㡵޲ǰȭ

Ϊף˜ưҪɱ㲻׾٣βʣҲòϣʵסݣסݺ

㡵ָģҪ߬Ѫ
ݺȳȥ

ݺӦ˜˵Ҳ޷ûʲôġ

ŭݺã㲻ҪЩɵ£

ݺ׶ִԵɣ㡵Ļ˵Լòʲô򵥵£ɵΪҲɣΣҶվߣֺαҪܿҡ

ݺ㡺ͷһ죬иɬϣݺǰһǣĹ͹ˣսλԽԶԽáˡ

εѳɣҶ⣬Щ³Ҫ֪

ܿ죬ݺ㡿еġЩ¡ָʲô

һǰر߹أΪסκݺľѪȴȲԮ¶ٺʿʬҰƺƵо飬ʣµĲȰˡ㡽ׯòǿվֱӣһֱվ˻ʹ

ҲǴκʧݺһʳκݽֻһˣôܵĹ˼תֱ£һ·ʧݵݡ
Ԯ޹ֱ©٣붼򵥣ֻĴ滳ɣȴûлȥࡣ˜ǳеʦһз紵ݶӲۡȫû󣬳ж𣬷׷ΪԴ˴ܵĹɱУݵȨᵽҲǴ˼Թ

˜ЩЦԼҵȷɱ㣬ʿ֮ȷǳҵ֡ϸֵֵá

ѧսδ޵ĸڳοȨգҲʮҪãͳͷ󻼣ҲͬƲŮĻʵܣȻҪ뾡ѹ㡼ʦسʱϵĶǣͬ˼

ֻ㡳Ը̣ʧЩؾܷδ뵽ǡӭֽǿڡȻΣѾɣڹһ˱ȥĽʿȴҲزˡ

Ϊ˵һ֮˽ǧʿ˲֪ڼпȴ֮˵Ρ

㡼ǵʬصĳѪˮĽűȳľÿһͬ۵ʬϡ
ûкޣ޵÷裡ڱȥ˵ʱҹ£ҪлȻõϢֲòǿٻһݺڵȥҪҲһ棬ԼĹ

֪ݺǴ㶵ض㡣ҪϿʲôȻֻĮȻŭ

˻Ƶʹ֪һУʲôѵҪɱĽʿҪҲҲɱԼֳɣ

Ϊβɣ˜һ㸸С׽ĻʵܶɱȻѪȻһУԼɱȨܹѾǵĸ󻼣һնᵹ򣬺αػҪʲôЦҾ

ݺ˰Σ̲סڣƶ˜Ѿ

˜ЦЦ̹Ȼأϣ

̧Ѫ˿ӣƣؿݺһ˼ƵˣҲϣ治

ϣԼ⡣ݺȻ˵ֻܻһѡ硣

˜Цһۣ˵ҲΪ˵öԡ




72.  ѩ   Ρɱ

Ԯϵºݺʱ˳еΣ, Ҳ˾ʳųȥ̫ظǰ棬ֻտǳЩҰˡ

ʱ, Ϊ˰нʿ, ɱԼСİԸЩҶ˵, ǵѹתۼϦҲ, ˶ܺͼžۡ

Ѿ겻Լ, ϧΨһݺڽʱ׼, ֪ݺ̫ظ, һŰȥȥʱɫ, Ժǰ˜ɫ̺, ʵأ

ƼŭۣһҪܵģ, ̽͵˯ҪЩ

˜Ķ

ʵƾͳĬ, Ҫȥ, ס, ӣ侲ЩҲҪŶģ

ᵽݺ֪ݺǸƤģҪǴ˜˜ûҪģ

˼ˣ㡺޺޵صһ۷ƣԼİˡ

ɢ, ǰݺڹлΪ˱ھӪбһĥÿʱȻȻˣʶһɫһֱֻ۽˻ȥ©ıҴãųѵƵʱ硣

䣬־ҲᶨôһְˡѾٽ磬ԺŮҪҪȥ

ô˯ôáϴСֹ䡣

Ů˵һҹƺʲôҪ

ݺͷʣ˜ȥĶˣ

һȥ˾Ӫƺ뼸λҪ¡

֪˜ڸУݺ˿ùźѣ׼ȥڼӹ̳Ƿ㡡

ΪԪˣʱǣº̫ƽһʱաҲЩգưշԸݺҲٸˣһ·ϻµȻʼձ䵭ֻżܵػ䡣

ݺǵôǰƻʮĵģܲΪ˜Ŀɳ𣬷ҲҪɡ

ݺԹؿŷƣԵЩί𣿡

޿κε̾͵ֲҽҺö˶ʲôǼӷԸˣҲֻܺúûȫ

ԭʮּ򵥣Ϊ࣬ܶݺĴЦݺһ˜ǰһ˜ʮСݲ˱ҪݺϲлطԸעִ硣

ݺĴ𰸣Ȼ˺һŲõô˜ӵˣ˵ˡ

͵͵ֲͣұֳ

ϻѩѱȵ÷Ӳȥ׻ݺԺߵСȻԺȴûܼ㡣ֱЦơ

ƺܿҲע⵽ݺ˵ʲô㳯˹

ݺҲ˹ȥǡõһƽ̹ĵطһȥۼֿæһѣҲײһ

ԵĽǶȿȥƱݺҲ⣬ЦҽûУȻıӿҪˡ

ݺվȺлԭҲºˡ

£ҲӦõģֻ캮ضģô뵽ˣ

֪Ķ𣿡

ҡҡͷȥС£ЩŻӦõȲ

ݺһˣεͷƼʧ䣬οºݾ²ҿҲһˣû׼͵ȵˡ

ȻӦʣһȥĴתԶظ

ҲͷһصôԶĵطǺݺһģҲиˣԶǧĵطбҪҸ˷̫һֱĵܵã˵˸䡣󻹴ǽرһѩֵӸݺ۾λûСʯӴ棬Ϊ鶯ɰ

̾˵ҴǰϲѩӣҵʱŲء

ݺЦҪȥر߹أҲ˺һӣԭһġ

һÿɲǰãڼҿɰ۸ˣҵ˵ҵĲǡ˵Լ֮Ȥ£ݺڴЦ

ʮĵҲ㡻ݺ׼ȥˡƸѩҲûӵ׼ȥģһԸݺ뷨Щ

ƻȥʱɫЩˣſæǰӭæȥɣʦ˼ʱɫÿˡ

аãݺϽĶˡ

ݺѩСΣ
һѩӵҲûʲô˵ģֻܲʲôҪ˜ɫ˵仰ѩҪܣĻ˹ء

ԺӣСѩӷŵ˴̨ϣ̿߿ûűƿһ˜˽۾ֱ˳Źˡ

˵ɫã˵ԾºͣҪļ

˜ϳЦ⣬ȥĶˣ

ݺûҪ˵ܹҲȥЩˣҲ˵ܵȥ硣

𡭡ͷűûˡ

ҹƮѩδصĴ͸ݺ㳯ǴһۣƳǴѩã˵ĻҲŻžۣ˵ĸĿƺڷһ㣬ϲԺѹѹȥ̲ס͵͵Ľ

ʲô˜䲻ڣ˼

ûʲôݺЩ䵭Ļش

ȻЩڵϡ㸩ѹȥĴһһǹüңաǡɢ½׵ľϺǰأ綯ҧºۼ

ݺס˫̧֣ȥ߿ȴϥѾ֪ʱֽȹӡ

˜ܲ˵ǣճһֻҲͣЪϵ׾پͲŪɫͨ졣ʼȣѹŲԼ˜һֻѾ̽˲£Լɼƽﱻų|

ݺ˜һƬı΢΢ţָ߬䡣

˜Ķ̶ϸ£һĥһ߻Ҫ۲ı飬ݺ߷ߵʱʵһѩôˣ

üϷЦȴ͸ŹɭԹҵ̸֪ҪڲŹ顣õǰ˵ݺǲûģ

ݺͷ䡣

ЩǰʱӪõĴʣо¾㻰˼ף˜Ȼһ£صȷʮ벻ö

˭ѧģЦ°ʵ˭˵ֻվȥͷ

˻ҲǱƼˣҲϷģԻ̵úãķӣȻҲֻѧĵĶ

˜Ц˵ģǿҽ̵ȷʵãŲھʶһʲôġ

˜㲻֪߳ܡ

װҲװˣݺжӡҲ֪߳޲磬Σɱ𣿡






73.  Ϧ   Ըʵ֡

˜û۸ݺ, ӿ޵ңͷǽſˡݺŭҹﶼűڽ䡣

Լڼ, ǰݺֻ׽һ, ȴЪƣԸ˻Ц, Ҳٶึһвǿ, һ, ֮ûˡ

ڶݺ, ̨ϰһѩС, ѩèѩĸС¹, Ψǲԭȵѩӡ

Զſ˜԰׵, ָ΢΢졣

Դһպݺٲ˜˵һû㡽͸, ־ᶨ, СȰպݺҪʲôĺ, 綼ܸ, ˜˾ƲС

Ϊݵǣݺ˜ãĹϵ˵ȥ˳Ц˜ҪûҪġ

ΪºݣʱֻʣԸˡ˜ɱ֧Ԯºݺֱӱ˷ĻᶼûоĪ˴ܵѳ

Ҳ֪Թ˭ĺãﷴȥο, һȥ˵ĹϵҲڳϦһգԭӸ޷Ҫ˶ԷһȺˣ׷׾һ׼ҹ

Ƥ̫ظĳߦõģΪҵŽԸݺеһ˭֪˜Ҳˣ֪ȻҪ㡵ϢҲ׷׸ϵ˴һҹ

ǺͼԲӣȴĪǰûɱ˴һձԵʮֹŹ֡

ǰƽӵʱƤûһ£ȻʲôҲᣬյݺ߿ô

ݺҲĽŤŤ֣Цôܰ

˜²յ淢ûԵøͻأЦʱ㽩ϣæĿڵͦÿġǺöˡ

㡱æҵںԼԸݺߺЩʧ˵ɻˣÿܳ룬ȴֻʣ

пɬȰοĸֻʣǣǸҪǰոܵʧأ־

ڳУӰõľ㡣ָ࣬±һСǰڹʱĸδţĸӣʱסڲԶԼ͹ȥ

붯֣°ݺҲˣôҪ԰𣿡

ǹеŮ̸ҵġݺƽԵм䵭òˣ󲿷Ǳ빬ѾɱҲһλҶ

˻һڼžһƬȥ˜ı飬Ҳ˵

ͷֻشЦסˣֻ˜ݺʱҪֻøЦ뽫·ƪ˵ʲôģò˵㼪黰𣿡

ԸһҲһۣͻȻͽ

ֻе˜һԲȻ迴飬Ŀֻżݺϡ

ǡʱ㡻Сƽ۴ޣֻñźȥǰҵֵܽöһҹһöͭǮ˭ԵͭǮĽӣиһ꣬ʲô¶޶ĹȥȻǲһˣһҲԵ֡

˵뿴ҲΪĶһ£ǿμԵҲԵ

ԭݺҲɣʵĲƭ𣿡

Цݿɬ˵Ӧģȥ껹ҵһγԵͭǮƽңƽµľʣˡ

ԸֹοĻɤӱֲ֪òÿڡһЦûͭǮ

Ͽû⺮ͭ塣

ݺɻҼǵôٺ»̲࣬͸ˣûʲôͣǮ

٩ѩҵѽ̻ⷢ˴ƣʶö꣬ôæСǮֵܷġ

һѩ֣ɵֱͦˣֻȴʲô뻰Ҫ֡

㡴ͳһöͭǮݸ㡣˵ﻹһöϴһϴȥԣ˭

Ӱһ̣ݺ㡽ͭǮȥŹ۲һƺҪӵ״μסڹΪǸиˡ

ԸúЦ˵ǿȥסˡ

ݺԴεǲãһֱûʲô£ܸиһΰɡ

Ժ̿ߵľˮҲºˡ㡰Ů̵Ľȥ˾һߵϲˡ

˜ʼնǵĶԻڲԶ۴ݻԸԶЩ룬ĪԸ

ݺǰһֱûʼ䵭ض

ݺԸϴϵۻݵʱ˜ѾˣҲ֪ȥ

㡻þƣü˜Ӳ֣ҲûϣһֱҺȾƳԲŨʱȥһ۽ûУ̨ԻһڹŻ

ʱ˶ȫˣҲȥͼ˳ҹʣ½ԼŻ𣬺ö˶ôʣһڹŶ

ɻ󣬱ҿ˹ȥ

ټһڹˮڵðݣֻƮһ׶Ľӡ



ݺһһϦǰĸܴͬ˵еȤ£Ҳɵúݺֳڣߥơ

ݺ֪ôģʶȥ˜ı飬ԼľƱƸңֻһ𣿡

Ҳûƽϣ˵ͷǴӦ㡻鸴ӵƳ˜һۡ

˜ϣָƿĿ⡣˼㡶ףڴ˿̴

˲㡱˵Ӧˣȥ

ӦҰһ𡣡

˵꣬Ե˜λϡš

˜ߵߣ˻㡻Ӷ˜Զ㣬ȴûʲôʾֻ䵭Ǿ߰ɡ

ԸЩȣ˵ӲǺ޲Ҫɱһû𣿡

ݺҲɻҡҡͷҲ֪Ӧûʲô˜ӲԼԿ¡

Ȼ˵ȥæģȻʱһ˶װӵĴ룬˜ֻһյ

ЦĲ䲻ϳˣҲڣ㾹޵ȥݲ裬ȾƲ𣿡

˜Ҳơ

Ŷԣ㻹ںҩ

㡸˷˽ӣԳڰӵˮƽβ룬ϯĳЦûͣ˜ҲһʮŤŹ֣һͳݺֵ֮Ľӡ

һ۾ͿӣµԼģδ죬˵һҲûеĳԾͲˣЦҡ

̿Ц㡣

Ƭ̺֮ŤͷȥݺҪȥ𣿡

ݺܾûм̻ˣҪߣקסһۡûʲô£봵ֻȾƣﲻȥֻλһ

һʱֻʣĸˣںȾƳ̸˷׷ͣĬؿ˜ӲյмгһӷŵݺֽĽӼһŵԼӭ˵עһеԾɫȻԴ̧ۿ

̾˿Ⱦơ

ҲЦؽӹƱװʲôҲû˵ûĽ첻鰡

ûͣˣҲ˻¸Լʢһӣͷ

ԸüҪԼ

ޣʲôҸ㶮

ͬؿһۡ

úݺͻȻͷӿ³һöͭǮϲҳԵˣ

ҽһ˵ôԳҰ׳ôһѿˣ

Ը㷽Ż˵ֻ

ݺҲӲɾͭǮ㡿㿴ǴɳԵġ

ҲЦ⣬Ӧ͵Ҫˡ

˜Ϊϲ۾Ҳɵ˼֣ʲôԸҲʵ֡

ݺҲ˺ϲصͷ

˜ĬĬĶȼιеʱͻȻҧһӲĶûٳȥĬĬӷŻ






74.     Ǻʱס

ϯ㡺ȶ˾, 㲻עݺʲô˜ֻȥһݺѾɫͨ죬˶ϲ, Ը֡

˜ü, ô

޹ĶȰǲҪҷô졣

Ҫݺ, ˭֪ȴԸ, ˵ʲôҲϸȥԸ㲻û𣿡

˜Ļ, ִߴһ, ˵ݺ, , Ȼȥ

ݺɶЩԼӵ뻳, ˜˵磬˵ᱧߡ

ݺԴҲû¶, ½ƺ˯˜طȴէҹ, ͬڸ߿, ڵҹĻըһƬ, 貶ĿճҹõĹҲ˜ϡ

ݺΪըܾӣ̧ȥϣžͿһƬŵĻͬǵһ㣬𻨵Ĺ˜УʹҲ˼̻

һĨţ𽥹ںڰʱ˜ȥ

ݺ΢ɣζ, ˜ϣϵĻѩΪĶɢϷϣڶĴݼ䣬

µȵĴഥȽӴ̼Ҫܣôˣ˜ܽѩǼڻˮſҪһ־һڱѩѹ÷֦£ᵽ÷˜ϵĿɬҩ㣬ںɣƵζͬһֻǵ|

ݺԼˣʹĿʼӦ˜һƬڵѩУ˺䣬ֻб˴˵¶ɲżĴ|ϢǱ˜ϣܻվס

ֿʱݺ΢΢飬˜ƲСҪ

Цһɤ΢ãǻȥ

˺ȶ˾ƶƽʮֹɵݺҲ⡣

Եʮֻ࣬һһһЩֵ⣬֪ǴЩ￴Ķ

˜䷳ɲ⣬Ī˵粻Ҫˡ

̾˿˵ʲôˣ

ݺ⣬ԹԵҲǹʲҪңͻʽҲҪҡ

ˣҪ롣

ɳھɥУһڴ齵Ľ䡣úȣϲԺ󲻻͸ˡ

ݺ뷢ʣȴݺᣬ

ĸҵ÷Ʊˡ૵˵꣬˜̾ˡ

ݺ֪һ̳һҲûȣɽȥĸ۽Ҳȥιɽȸ

ʹţñǼգ֮ͬʾֺá
Բ𣬴ǰҲá

ݺƤܣ˜Ǻñӣؿ˵ݺ굽ˡ

ججصͷʶ꼪飬⡭

˜˱ҲĻظһ顣

⡣



һʱպºݵսʱƽ㡾ȿͿʼپոʧءʱݵȵҲʱܵͻ֣ٲȻѾŲסˣݱȴȥɱԮ

ļ٣سǡ㡲ôźӸԼ룬ȰòԸͬʱŸֵʬǻس

˜ݺȻԸݺһ˳

ѩ֦ͷ¶˴⡣Ϊս𲨼ʱ㰲

˜ĵһܱضݼݺȥһҾƽ뿪Լߡ

ǴܵĶڳҲ̶˽ףĺֲ̼֣¥ﶼò

֪ݺ棬ȥ衣¥֬ͷ߸裬輧źǫ̃ŤȹƮҷŵĻꡣ

ݺפȥò輧ɵЩ

ЦŴȤôЩ˻Ҫϲ˶

ҡͷĸҲ輧ֻҲ裬ǰ˵ĸ׾ʱ򱻸ʿ

ΪԼĴ˵ҪϲЩǾͻһüá

ݺ¥ߣ˵עײһӣҪǸȴݺ˶ˡ



ݺۣΪԼۻˣǰץסȷԼһˣ¿ڡЪ

Ъڻ¥ݺɫɵسȥԴ𱸵ؿһֻۣϻ͵˵˴˵һҪȸˡ

ݺվԭأɻ𣿡

Ҳǲ⡣Ѳ˜ûɱЪֻǽҶƭˡ

ݺ׷ȥҪѰЪӰ߳¥ʱѾԶˣֻϡܴȺпһĨ

ԭأһʱЩ㱣֪Լòǰ

߽ԭأ̲סʵ㲻Ҫ𣿡

ݺ̾˿ˣҺڸЪ鷳Ҵû£ңڽݰȵص̫ء

֪ʲôβȥ˜ʸףԷ֣ưһۣûᡣ

ݺƣһ¡

߽ݺʲô

˜Ķȥ

ʵӻܱԼĪ׼ŻسˣҪǲȻظۡȸվͺá

ΪĴźƺƵľӻس붫˜ǰҪӦڵҪֵܱҲæòɿ

ݺǰᶨĶҲʱת䣬ڼЪԺеǲϳ˜б

˳˜Ϊǰ̫Ź£ֻ·һ

϶˜ԹޣԹǿԼԹ޳ﲻһɾôãѵһҲû

һֱҹݺż˳ٳٹ˜

ƿŵĶᣬڿŵһ̶˶٣漴Źų

ô˯ڵң

˜һ˵ȴݺĻӦ

ڵ㣬лʡ

˜棬ҲܲµҪʲô˵ڻ¥ЪҪΪʲôƭ㣬Ϊʲôɱ

ݺ죬ַܿӦض˜߼ӣз紵ݶ֪

ɱҵﻹмֲá

㻹˽ҡ

˜ǰסĴշתϢļЪǺʱף

ݺܿĿ⣬ûлش⡣



գݱܳݣݽ˜ݺسκĽݺǷ֮أ÷ȻȻس

ݺŻȥһأ˭֪·ˣһ˴·ȥƻءȻǲȥãؾң𨰲˜ݺֲðͷֻݵʱ뿪

ش˵ѹûȣ˵ҲΪҴͣûýϢҲһֱȵѩڣ֦ͷսҲûҪʱͣЪ˼

ȵرΧ˜ݺűʹ˶ˡ

һҪϵȵر׽׳޴ȴҪѪΪȥǣǰǵҲ·һ£»ܵʬѻ𡣷ʱðĹɢŽƮĻмͬ˳ɫѩ

˜ҲڴʱյţԼպİƹ

ʦุߵĿɳĵزżȻ

˜޼˴Ļ壬ȴվܿͻʱһкաԼҰ뱨ѩޣŪȨˣܵİ̤ʯ

˜̫˽𨣬ûиԼ˼ȻŸϵģдϵһöͭǮ






75.     ȷʧ־

һŵʱ, ҲòĶȥ˜ֵ³˼ϸܡ

ݺزȥ, ִűķȥ

˭Ҳ֪Ƿס, սǷᲨգ˻Ϊͻ˴, ׷ϼҴ, Ҫȱһܻ

ÿ̫ƽ, ռɽҵ˱㰲ֲס, Ҫû°Щ˼ҵŮȥҪɽǴɱ, лҪĴӶܷͽ

ݺл, ڰϸպþɽҡνɱһḾ˵, һɱˡҳһ, ǿġ

ݺȥտգͻȻһ˿ҵŮ, Щ˵, ȼʱסŮӵĺ, ۿҪ֣æȰֹˡ

ȣЩֻҪ˵ݺ죬ͷȥʿŵŮӣ̱ϳӣô

ݺϳȱ, Խ䱸ضŲš

ӵմųҲɢţȻǱ׷Ϲһ·ʧ룬˱ȡ

϶ᣬɿȥݺһȥӣʲô

ȾҼҰɰɣڴǰϣһԸţĶ顭ӳҭ˵һĻ޵üʹ

·ˣűҪðߡǲʮˣҲֵȺ˵ҼҰɿʫô꣬ϼӣҪˣҲȥġ
ӿ޵̱ڵϣݺûʱ䰲ȷȥЪϢץһδˣ巽λҪȥˡ

ȿ˼ҡҡͷ˼Ҫ¡

ݺԥЪ֮ˣɲȡ

һ£ĿԵ䡣

˿̿ɫҲȥҹ»´ꡣݺ˿ӱ޳ڵĵطȥˡ



ƹ۵𣬲ɽųȺ밵ϣɽҲϦʹɽͷ˴㡣

˜һӳŻԹ⣬߲ӰͶϣһʱֲδѪδӰ꽫Ŀ罫ľû죬ѪīվñֱؿŲԶ𨡣

յŴվԶűΧ£ٲȻһ˜
Ҵ˴ٸһλᣬɱҲǿ˴ֻҪϹ齵ǰһм̡

˜һĨЦ常ǣоϡ

Ȼ˵ҽô꣬ǴӲִ֣һŮˣ֪ʲôԻҩʧ־Ҳˡ

˜սѲȣϳźƵЦȴ纮̶һ㡣常㵱Ĺΰգֻͷҵ׻öͭǮӺδ

һῴ塣üͷһ˿̡

˜꣬ȻǱõģȴҲòϣ˜еڵģǱԽˣԽϧ˜ıѡǽ˜ƹۣ˷ŭ

ΪһŮգԶԵࡣ

˜֪壬ݺʱһδ䵽СʵʱֻͬΪı

һΪıŭЦͨ·أ

˜ƳһۣջĿ⣬ϧƵ˵˴ӦҪң·Ҳͷˡ

ɱˣ˜ѱϾ·һƬֻʣǼˡ

ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһͷûҡ

԰ձתȥ˜̿ƴڻҪͻΧ



ɽһĹٵ°ˣݺ׷ȥʱʬһĸ߸ߵ𣬺ʬûЪ˿ȥ׷Ȼ·ȴһϢ̴ˣһ̴򣬴Ѱ˼ң˭ҵ

ݺԺȥȴץŷȵĸ첲в³Ѫĭ˿𨡭ԹΪյʦȥƹۡȥȿȣȥˡ

һ仰ѾѾȫɴ˼һҲ²ˣһ˹ȥ

ݺȶһַۣɿջĿ⡣

һۣȱ롣

һ·Ī˵Щ˜ȥȵĻʵǲòġοЪվȥ˜ضҪЪ˵ڶ࣬ȥһûʤİա

ļÿͱЪ

ݺЩɣȻȶô˵ˣᶨԼ뷨

һͻȻð仰ٶ֪Ϊ˾ͶЪܡο˜ǽλΪվҪȵĵزǵˣûɽҰѰ

οȸ˜ôãӦʮ˽Ϊˣȶ˵˾Ъֺαӹš

ݺǳƬ̣˵ȥЪȥƹ̽һɣмС¡

ȥݺеĲȴˣСʷȣв̫ģ˜˿Ӧôܻȥʲôƹۣ

ȴ˴ۣҡͷʾҲ֪

ҹַХ˜һ¡

һ·󱻱±ߡɽʯᾣȥûл·

̿ڴʱͣûٳǰȥϾµ˜ͷɽ£Ҫ鷳ȥʬ塣

˜һѪ߰ߣýҲƣ۵΢ѪֱѶ£˳ָ䣬޷֮

˜̾ϢһƳڿɲµףֻͷ˿ǣƺԥʲôƬ̺󲻵ǷӦȥ

ڵµ̶һ㣬ʱ㽫Ӱɡ

ڴ˴Ĵ̿󣬿׼ɽȥѰʬ塣

յɽҹ紵֦죬ҹʱֵľںС

˜֮ǰ˷λʱˤɽ¼䳤ϡڼ׹ʱסһƻҲ֡˜ˤ䵽µףηײһɽʯϲͣ

ڵϴһͷһ㣬ظǳƵ÷ۡ

ԼĪʮʱ˴İƹۣʱΪ˻ǡɱǴɽߣҲӵ±ߡɽ¼ݴ³ľûȫİգᰲȻ

ȻסһʱҲǼ£̿ͳɽҵ

˜ǿԼѪ죬ɼǵ˿Ƥⷭ

ҹֻ꣬ʱˣպ˫ֶҪϵ

ɽµʱһѱɽʯľõòӣ볶һ˿ڣκֱƺǶˣʹֻþʹգһȳһյػ뿪

ҹúܿ죬ҵһɽѾʪ͸ˡΪҹ￴·ˤһɳѪˮ˳ֱ۱ˢ¡

˜Щպޣĺ췸壬ⳡ꿰ѩϼ˪

η轵ɫ԰׵һ̾ҪûϢʣ²ͬ˿һ㱻룬ߵҲ³Ų˶á

ʱпӰɵһȻ˺ܿ쳯ȴǡʦ

˜иֹס˽Ų

ߣæסʵʦˣ

ѿڣʵ˭ˣ

ǵʦȥ͹˴̽

Ķ˜һ͵ؿ

С

һλЪ˱ץߣȥˡ

˜һ£漴ʣ֪𣿡

û˜Ȼȡ衣

ȨݺѡʱȥЪ

һз·ڴ˿̳ȥ˜ͷӿһ߱ˮൽģ塣

˜

Щ룬˵òǲԣȷʧ־






76.     Ъ˫˫ɡ

ս۸յܲӲ, ۼ׷ɢȥǹȥҲ˻ЪΪֹǣ˸, һѪݺҵʱѾʡ, ֻôЪһ𷵻

·µüΪЩصбûͣЪ, ӭŴظһʱ, ڵ˳ſڡ;ȥѰ˜þδ, Ǳûٵȡ

ݺص, Ъȥܱ, ֪˜, 㿪ʼ˵Ļ٣Ҳ˜ڰƹ۱أ

ǲصһҹ, ʼû˜ĶڶƽС, ȴûҪ˼˷纮СڵغŽ, ӱЪлˡ

Ъδ, ͷһ˺, ·Եм鸡л

ݺæһ˵㼸ξң񡣡

ЪŴԵüΪ࣬˵ЪæȥΪйǶԹв֮ġ

һ, ڻ¥Ъ£ʱ˾ñط꣬˵һ仰ˣȷûзϣû뵽Ъ͡ЦҲδϣο֮ʵɼκ˵ľء

𡣡ɵؿڣ˵ɫ΢䣬ֲһ䣺ж

Ӽ˻˼⣬˵ȻϲЦǸֺƵģĪҪ˵ˡ

ݺЦЦ˵Ȼᡣ

ȵͣˣδ˜ϢֱܱݺƸһݺߵķȱ˽ϡ

ݺ㵵ʲô

ȱ侲ȿݺһۡŭɶǰס½һѽˤڵϡ㾹

˵ˡ

ô£ݺŵȡ˜

һۣûҪġ

ݺһͷˮ˵ʲôˣ͵ȥһ˜Լȥ

һҲòĶȥ߷ߵȥҲ㣬ء

˵꣬ݺ˹ȵʱֲģĻȥһ˳ڵۡ

һСɽϣ𱾾Ͳʢսȥ˱ˡݺɽȹⲻҪմŢ;ˤ˼㵽˵ڡӭͯʶԺ˼һŻǰ׼ߢիʱͯӡ

ܿ׼ҲӭһؾۣͷڣƮƮˡ

׼Ҳû̫飬ֻ΢΢һף˵ɡ

ݺһ񣬸ƹһȣ۵᷿

ֻ߽ŵҩζƿţҩŨˡ

˜Ѫɫϣ벱ԵĲˡݺᣬ·ѾʧȥϢ

ɽµʱݺҲ˜һҪȥһ㣬ڵѪ۵öðָŴءʱŵôޣҹɽȥˤһˮֹڷǰƽ¡

ټһߵ˜ѾûдǰĲˡ

Ҳ֪ǲʲôجΣ˯Ŷüͷ

ݺع᷿߳ʵ˶صˡ

ɽºһ·űҵĻ͵ʱѾԲѡһ˫ĥˣһ²ձʣҲáһĸͷٲҪһءôߵЩˣ治ˡ׼˵ﻹ˼ֵ٩ζƺλ˵ʦܡ

ɽô£ֻʲôû˵֪˜˵ôء

׼ҡҡͷֻܾˣҪʻǵɡЩߣʲô鷳ССһۣݲôవ

ݺ˵ͷ׼ַԸͯӴȥһѡ

ͯӸݺһŮڵĵۣЩǿȵͷҲ峺̬ׯէһλòiŮڡ

׼Ƽˣ̲ס˵ҿ಻Ҳкˣⷲкβá

ݺ΢ЦЦ²һӹˣûа׵ǻѣ־޷У쳾˷ţȴܸġ

׼֪Ĵ𰸣ûȰֻʣڳʱ޼˜ٿƱԣ

׼˜Ҫ꣬Ȼȴ˸еԶڳʱݺҽշʱ׽໰鲻Խ˵˳
뿪һ·ţͨǰĶЩҲ֪Щ²ƶܷ˜ҲˣѲǼ򵥵İ޿ˡ

ȷ١׼˶٣㰮𣿡



ɽһҹݺĲ˜ĴǰЪϢֻ᷿һյƵҹϣ˯źҲ֪

һֱδϵĴѣŷһƬڣΨһĹ߱ǴӴͶ»ԡ

ϵ˜ƺĳʣüͷ巢ģ߽ݺͷ亹Ϊ˿ڿ۵ȥ죬⿪½һۣȻϵȴͻȻ˫ۣ㵥סһסһҪȡļơ

Ǻˣ˜ɤӸɬͬǱɰĦʯ

ˣݺһ˵û

ֻȴûȫ֣һԲرŶ

˜ݺΪ˜ûϳԼݡ

ĬƬ̣ûָ֣ʺ䳰ôңˣЪ˫˫ɲǡ

ݺҲ֪ôģӻһ˿ί
û

ΪһĻ𣿡ҵؿݺõϢȥȻǰڣҲ˴

ȥĶ
˜ҪߣҲĵֻۣ߬ס壬ȴҲһ˲Ļţͬˮ˱סһĸľ

ֻȥƣ㲻Ҫ˵Լݺ䣬˜궯ƺƽ֣ڵ

˜ڿһŹֵĵۣѹֱϳˡ

ΪŵĶ˜ϲŵİײѾѪֻ𿪺ûҩ

ֻҪжʹǣȫ

˲˿ϵĲݺſ˜Ƶ˵жءļҲһ⣬ԵˮݵķףֲѪˮƤⷭǿһ۾¡ȴ·ܲƵģޱض

ݺͷСҩ䲻ڣΪʲôҪ

δ룬ʶ𣺡㡣

Ȼ˵䣬˜ȴʲô̼ͻȻ֣ͬ˲㺮˪ɭָſڵķߡ

ݺͻȻ𣬻ҵԼӦȥиͯӰԼҩתſȥ

߳ſûԶײ죬æַȥ

˜Ҳ֪ʱµĴ齣ž׷˹ˤڵغվûУǱطҪָ䶼ڵѪ

ʲôһȥ

˜ݺ۷۽޲˲ͻȻжɰſϣѹЩȥ

ڵأܵȺĺ󱳡ֻȥˣҪߡ

˜ƭӡ






77.     ֮ǰ

˜һں, ϵ˿ڹȻˡ

׼˵Ķ֪ܣԳ, ݺµѧһͷѵ, ȵ׼Ժ˜ҩ

Żǿ׷ˣȴһֻ첲, Ҫ·

ݺûʲôƢ, ǿ˜⸱̫Щ, ˵ʲô˜, 毺õһҲ˲ٲˡ

㵽ô˵ģҩʱʵ̲סһ䡣

ˡ

ƽ˵仰, ݺ, ҲŰθߡ£𣿡

ݺ⸱־ŭı飬һֱɫ˲١һѲ·һ

ݺзһǸ, ʱ˜ԳЩѾûˡѡȥЪ, йԥֻ˜ĻΪ޷˵ա

ΪʲôǾò⡣Ϊ㲻м, οֻһƭ˵ļ, Ȼ, ΪҪȥ

˜ƳһۣΪ㡣

ݺͻȻסˣ仰˼
֮һ׾ӵȦУ޷ΪİΣעֻһֿܣҲһȥ

˜ƺµʲô˵ǲԸΪգΪЪҪ

ݺЦмַ̡߶, 𣿡

˜ⷬʵƿԣֻ˵ĲûдѵľأֻȨ֮·һˣֻΪЪǸΣΪ˜ܰˡ

˷ҶԲס㡣ݺֻ֪õͷǸ

˜ûнͱ˵˵ȥֻϰЪϢ

ݺҩĶᣬȻ޷ŪڸѪģҩʱϢ˜۵ɫ԰ףüͷһԲ

úΪ˜˯ˣȥϴһ˯ȴʱͻȻסǣ˜֪ʱۣŴõض

ҲŸҩҶˡ

ȥĶ

ȥϴ˯

ߣ

ߡ

õᶨĻش˜֣ɻȥ

ҹݺСģ˜˴һξ룬ڶѺȴĪǿ˯ġ˜ûбֳκβʣСĵ

նˣ˯ǰ˜˾룬ѺȴżᱻѹסͷֻҪһ˜̱Ȼ΢ƵɤȥĶ

ȻǿΪ֮

סգı䶯㲻ֲ֪뿪˜ߣͻȻ˲Ը뿪⣬˜ûкδãʱùݺҲĵΪɽֱ˵ĵôɽжݵİ

˵ûʹйطȵ¡

ΪҪ˜˵壬ĻһЪ

ݺܾڴ˴˜֪ЪҲˣ˸ڱȥ׼Ĳ

Ъ˲δȫܿԵϣֻЩ覴úӰȻ

µĳ㼸նԹйǵù쵽ˣһݸ

һݸ㣬ȻͷôԶ·תӣҺϲЪѣҪԼˡ

ݺţҪڣȴЪ˵¹

û㶵һ飺ʲô

Ҫ밢޹ء򵥵ĻȴΪ˵ʲô״һ㡣

˵޷䲻ԣЪˡ

һ統̲µͱ飬ɼ

˶ɼֺγǡ

б·أЪ˵ⷬĿֱֱؿͫͬȼһҪ޵˼

ݺ͵̧ۿҲѹͣʲô˼

Ъֱָͦ߬šңܱѸͣ˜ǰ̫Ź£սذܡ

ЪĿ⣬̱˼Ȼѡ񵽴˴ЪͲΪȰ˵䣬Ҫһߡ

ֻҪˣܵõԼҪЪ˼Ϊֱʱ֮ľӡӿٰաֻҪͷ˵ãпܰĶպܣҲڱץȥ

ʱ˼ǧÿһ붼˵ã˜޷ͨ죬Ъһ֮

ݺãȴô˵Ǹá֡

ЪĬȻ֪Ĵ𰸡

Ѿѡ񡣡

ݺ̾˿˵ЪлΪһС

ЪһԾڹʱȫֻһ۱תȥˡ

ݺڲãֱŲĭɢ˲Žˮһ



ݺһգЪ뿪ʱѾףض˵˜Ѿ̿ɱҰĵҲʼͷҡ

˜õˣª˰̣СҲָֻ·öԲҪдʲôţʱ÷ʣڱ֪ȥ

ݺֵӻïѩĻһءɽĽãʼûпȥһ׼ſڻһܿȥˡ

˜ԺзԸʲô£ݺ֡

ʱյƺ飬ص˴ǰɽǸźƵĵʦҲʱĲơ

ݺԥãǶ˵ҽҪɽһˣǰ

˜Цһ٣ܿµȥɣ·СЩ

ûйȥʲôƢõЩ

ݺΪķ֣ģǲһ䣺ҪʲôҸ

ùҡºͣ˵һ£Ƿ׷ױȥ

ݺ˜΢ͷʵչӳУճһƬ鶯

ݺᣬȥ˜ƿ¼ǡ

ǰظһ顣֮ǰ






78.  ĥ   ҲԸ㡱

Ҳ֪˭, ݺóȻصܱȡڸõŮİ͵͵

ɫ, ݺȥͱЪӡ

Ъ뿪Ҫس, 񳤰ʱû˜ĸԤԾص̲ʩչֻʱҲ, Զ·ȥ, ñܿ·Ѿ

Ӷݺʮϧ, ˵强Ъһ, ֳĬŶ˵ĶԻ, Ҫ, ͻȻ֪ΣڵϦѡ𣿡

ݺûôɾͻشһѡ

Ъõ˴, ·ȻһЦЦҲˡ

ڡ

ء

ĿЪȥݺ׼ȥ, κγ׽ҵһֶΧˡֻԶ·, ͸õ, ȴӲϵ˻ƻ衣

ϲʯ׻ص۵ʱ, ɫϼѾŨĺڰǰյƵĹһӰһʯ

Χž΢ţ谵ֻ֮һվܵĻľԵį

˜ɻػһڴ⸱ͲĻ档

ʯ̧ӣֱֱһ仰Ҳû˵

ݺȥ, ·µһЩ

ûߡ۽īֺƷӿŲΣڲڼž¡

˵̧꣬˹

˜ûкã·ʱЩ㣬Ҫǿǿųõ̬ԼߵôǱȫȻܣŲһһǳĳ

ݺӵ뻳нţƺһҪƵģյЩֻļ磬ѵûƭ㣬µˡ

˜ݺɽվڴ˴š

һξʱ侹̶̼ʱȴǹ˼شȺ콥ϣپڳҹĻʱƺҲŲһͬɲĺԨ

;׼Ȱ˵ЩʲôѾǵˣֻأվţִִصݺ

ЪݺѡˣƫԸš

ݺʱΪǻһվǴûжĬصԼѣֱݺǰһжġ

ҵܾá˜סߴ΢ɲĲ

ݺסܵ˜ϱϢҲ֪վ˶á˜仹º͵ˡ

ͷ±еǣǲҪȷʲôĲˣǲǡ

ߡݺһЩǵø׺ݡվڱϣݺֻҪ˵һ䲻ǣͻľء

˜Ȼ֪ʲôΪɽΪ˺Ъһͬ뿪

ݺ磬ѯʣȻģΪʲôҪɽ

ҲԸ㡣

˵ֻݺΪӦŹֵض

˜ЦЦôˣ

ⲻ硣

Цһ˵ĴǺüۡ

ݺصлѣҪĶó˜ͻȻӺסϸܵ󾱣½ɢ£ļµۼ򣬸ܵ£ţɬҩ㽫˜ķ˿ӹ࣬Ѿ󿪵½󣬱΢

˜ֲ֪ͣ˺δ̽ȥһǺʱɻ飿

ݺͷЩ˳ѵطŴ齣ǺһĻҲ˵ڡ

˜ⱨһ|ŪƵ۽߳ˮ

ݺĶִ˿̴һմ˵ĻҪմͬļĻһ㣬׵ߴ£ԺֻʣãȻ޴롣

˜Ϊϣν伫ĥãŻôߡݺ䣬Բţͬһѩշת˱߳ܵ

ݺ̧ۣˮʵУֻܿ΢βĴ

˜Ǹʮĵˣֺõʾֱ̬Ȳ¶ԡӰ¹ӳѹֶĿǻм˜֡

͸˜ݺ΢ʪķ˿ɤѾƵ˵ֻ񱻶ϰſڡ˜ĺǡδɢ̾

ݺϻȥ˼Ѿǵˣ˜ָǶģˣҪһͬ

ȥϴʱݺѾ۵ۣ߳ͱ׵һߣ˜ɾ˜˴᷿ԼռˣҲǺ֡

Ȼݺ˜ڻڰһ

Щգ˜ֶŵʱȷûܾҪ־ᶨô᲻Ϊοʼʱȷϸģδ̫ܵʹࡣٷȥƺҲռ

ݺԽԽԣʼ˜ô齵ġ

ȻţԼȴϵ
˜

Ĵ𣿡

ݺ˳ʹԼЩˣĻ𣿡

˜´ͣȴҲ䣬˵ʵҪˡ

˵

ԥΣ˵Ӧң˹ҡ

ҴӦ㡣

ţݺ˵˶񺮵Ĵ𰸣˿סЪֻҪҸǣǽܵͷͻĳǽϡ

ݺһʵأҲҪɱ𣿡

ңúַʽҪҡʵ̫ɽʱѾδˡ

ȻǾ䡰ҲԸ㡱ǼٻҪЪ뿪յҲ֪Ƕҩ

ҧƭӡ

Ұ㡣Ӧ



ݺ˜йĥʱȻγ

ƽ̣Ѻ˜˵ȥ׼һݱҩ

˜û˵ãɫܹмֳġѺҩʱһ

ݺ͵̥ҩˣʲôʵĲɣ

˜ӹȾҩ룬龹мϴ˼´βֶ






79.       ȻȥǾͳɻ顱

ҩԺ, ݺǰҴܱûİ˜վΪɽ

ݺҵǸӣóݸЩ΢, С˵Ǹ, Ǽ¾ͱˣҲЩ, Բÿ

˜ӹ, °˿пһĨŹĺߡͷ

ݺ˼ص˵ͷ, ˿, ǰڻʱ˵

ݺ, , мֻȻʱʼϲңƺδ˵

˜, Ҳ֪οڣҲδ˵

ԥû, ̹Ȼɽ¾ɼڴп޵۾ˡ
ʱһּΪİĸо, ڰĴ, ¶ȱķ߸, ڿຣиңܾĥ裬ӲνĹ񣬸Ż̨֮ϵķܴ֡

ӳݺϣ֮ĿϣҲһ˲䣬һ

˜üЦǡҵľҩΨһϴҵķ𡣡



ĳǷҡҡ׹, ͻҲı˹ƣֱȡ㡱ط踮˜뿪ۿʼʧȥٵһڷ׷ðͷô˻Ὣȡ֮Ͷ˼

˜٣ֻۻ𣬿Ϊųһ򾡡Ȼ֮Ѳ׽֪ܲкգȻִȰڣȫ˜ľ

⼸˜æݺĴҲЩȻ˜˴粽ֻͬΪ˿סΪ˲лὫߡ

ľӹѸͣݺûм˜սʱļǸѵã㡼ĳŸ˽һյԭֲǧҪֵо򸸻µĽʿԮȴһǰ

Ѿ˾أֻط踮ݰշ׷׳ӣ͵Ѿһճǡ

ÿֶ͸Ϊıߣȼ䣬˵˹ƼΣٰձȱѷ룬̨֮ϵȴǵϲŭ֮ˣֻΪȨɱͨ˵ѪʹԼ͡

ݺ֪㡱ԲǺɱĽʱҲֻһڳɾ緢ӹţŮƵƵ

˵˵ȥ˶ɼ

ҹݺϨ˵ЪϢʶģʱOO@@졣žͲбķ˿ӹһѪ

ˡ˜űӽסᡣ

ݺۣʹԼԵƽͣȻ֮Ȼ΢΢ţ˵ˣ

û£ġ˜

Ѫ

Ǳ˵ģû¡£ݺķ˿˵سɺã

ݺɻأͬһߣ
ǰ˜ߵδ뿪ߣҪ뿪

Щ޴ץס˜ĸ첲ȴһֵʪ塣˜

ݺЩУŭ˜ֻõͷģȻȥ͵ƽϢˣ̳ɻ顣

ѾΣڵϦ½ʿɢԵֿڵĵоѱ

òҪƭҡ̲סۿɬ˜½ǡ

ʺ𣿡ͷ

ݺҡҡͷЦһ˵޷һӣܿҾ͵طꡣ

ݺĬ˺һ޷һ˵ʧţԼ޸ˣҲΪԼѰ·

ϴЦȴм׺ݣⷬұƴҲҪص



ݺ뿪ʮСģⱻĶĿϡɽ֮ǰ׼˜׼һҩÿշáݺȥʵʱ˜ֻܵؽӹֻҪ˜˵ʹʱҲû˸Ҹ

ǰһ뿪Ȼصҽʦ塣

·;ңԶֻ;ⲻҪ׷ˡ˜Χ˲֣̿ʱ޷˼Ȼ·ڶ࣬״׷ױߣ벿ɢ;мţûøһ˵³

ǱϱѶԴʧȥķ֣Ըˣʸ֮İ˲ٰۣʶҲ䡣Ϊ˶سţڶϵȵҼһжץȥʮͯ׷ԲԵߣⲻ˳ĶˡǶ޶˱Ļңһ·

ݺ켣ȥ׷ǣͻȻһһλǴܵĹֻҪÿ˿ɵʮף

ݺ䴩أκ̬벻׵òУԵø룬ĻҲپ궯׷׿ʼߵˣҪҳ˭ǹ

Ѿע⵽ݺ󣬰γɫصؿǡ

һٶƺŭ˼գ׷ָķ󺰣ǹ

ܿతɾȥƾʲô

ͻʶҪڹ帣

˲δݺںδֻеԹ仰ȼ˲궯һдй

֮ѾаҪݺˣ׷Ҳ뽫ߣݺһλǰĴ̿ͣԼѵֿ˵Ҫ

˵ͷʣֻ˼񣬲Ż˼ˣһǴ粽С

ԶЩİŭʼؼʯͷݺһʯͷУŭʮ飬Դˡ

м׷ʱͻȻݺ׷Уֱ֮ᴩͷ­

ǱһĻ嵽׷ײǰ㶵ݺȻֺܿ׽סǶף׽ס

ŭʹǼǰ֮ݺŤ˽ţ۵õһ

ݺֻһͱƵڵأֻǿԼȵͻȻһ󾪺ѪͷһȺ˱嵽׷׿ʼˡݺͷɳȥĻȣͱ˴Ӻһקɷ˵˼ϡ

˵ֻܸܵĺ󱳣ʵڵһĻûʳƫߵҲڡݺڻ ֵ˵׷

̷ӦĴҪȥһԣΪ̫ˣĸ˽ǶȣżͷҲصܡ

ԶȥݺѾͷۻλ˽ɫ԰׵£ʮСģϣڼ

ȣЩȵسǴʱѾˡ

ȼɫãЩΣһƣݺһ£תڵд֣㡣

ݺ˿䱸㲻Ǳ˜𣿡

̧ҪʲôĻЩ㬵طֱۣƺ֪νֻҡͷ

̾˿ץ͸𨣿

ȶǰԵʮ޴룬Ϊ޷ڣΪѡ

ݺƺлҪ˵˵㲻뺦ҵģԲԣ˜Ҳ޶ѡѡҵ𣿡

ƺ⣬˵ͷֱ̧ۣǰ˲漴մȾѪ

ݺԼղŰһʯͷԴ

л

˵꣬ڵдһ֣ȥĶ

Ҫس

˵꣬ҪݺܾȻ˽ţ·ѣҲ֪Ҫãֻſȥ˵˱㽫ҷ¡

ҡҡͷʣҴˣЩҲһ鷳

ûʲô飬ȴľڵд֮ˣһӡ

ݺʧЦûٷˡ




80.     Ŀ࣬˵š

Ϊ˶׷, ȴݺԶ·һ·ϻĽҰ벻ֲ̣˵·;ݺ

˽Ź˰ձ, ȴִҪ

ϴˮ͸, ݺһǮʲôûСɢˣԺȻǸ⡣

ȼ, ϳˮ, ûжĶ

, Ҫʲôʱܵݺ̾˿, ҪҸ, ЩȥƥС, ҲߵÿЩ

ɫ谵ݺ, ҲҪԶģǽһƽ̹ʯ, ŵĹݸԼ

Ҫȥԣ

ȵͷָָʯͷ, ְʾҪ߶ȷȻʱ, ֻ

Сɱ, Ȼûôིͳ͵ݸݺ

ûнε΢ᣬɢһԵζݺûʲôθڣ˼ӡ

һĬĬسԾ⣬ɫ˵ҹȸ·ɣ˴زԶгǡ

ͷ, ҪȥݺæҡͷѾ·ˣ㡣

ݺܾ£ûټˡ˱ڵϹڻҰи·ʱʱɽиOO@@ĳ˵Ǻ

˴ݺȶˣСƫƫȲ˵ܰ˿־壬һ߶Լ׳ӡ

Ϊʲôö˶˵ػᱳ˜أЩ

û뵽վΧһΪѾ˜ˣǷƶ飬һ

˴սҲ֪ʱƽˣһȥɽӺȥһνϡͷҲһֱɱְɣպܻơ

ֲ˵˵ٶҲ޷ӦֻżĿһۣʾԼţϧݺϵı顣

ݺ˵ȷиС䣬ϧΪս˲ˣڵصĶЩ档̵ˣݺ򲻵ĴҲŷһֻûʲô¿

ߵý϶Ѫݣʵûʲôӣȥ¿ĸˡ¿н㻻

ݺ˵ٻԶͷȳˡҡͷҪݺʱһȳһյŹݺ˵Ǵȥİɣ

ǰһվݺڨЦķȣʵɾǱˣ

ϲǴӳˣ֮ǰκϹսǽλ

κһ٣бǼڲȥǮˣ䵽˴һȥսϵӱ»ȥǣˣƫԶĴ䲻ҹ硣

ݺˣûбĵ˼ϾҲ֮顣ԭӱڳмˣ

óȲضȨ˼ҵŮɣԸŮɡ˲֮ʣȻ

ΰң

˵⸾ˡԱȥǸݺļƽڴ

ݺЩʲô˾ͳ˵ĸסڳ̵ԱߣϣȥһۣΪЩһȥٵЩʱա

ݺе̫ãѾ֪ʲôӣʵ˵ѾߣҲһˣʱȥѾû˻ľˡ

鼤ˮӯԵ棿

ƭʲô

ݺͷؿڴ

˺ü˼ң¿Ǯƻţݺһȥ

ҪҪݺסˡҲǣһҲ

һ˾ô·Գϸһȷ棬սȣΪ־ˣ궼ûһس̽ĸס˵ƫƧսҺϢ

ȱϸϳݺһð̰εϸ֪ǰ˲ͨݣ˵ҲʮСģԴǼй

˴ţܱ·ãҹͣظϻسԺݺѾĥϲǸˡ

ôݣݺó˜ܿ˼ݳӭӡ

ϸʹͻؼңȥŷּլͱߣĸǰš



֪Ϣݺ糾͵Ϸʣûйģˡ

ݺںǲ䣬ֱʵںδ

ȻڸУ㻹ϴһȥҪˡ˵䣬ķȡǷȰɣ˜ţ

Ŀбӣ˿˵ʲôֻݺߡ

ݺȥϴ֪ϢرҴҸ

ڳȻ֪ݺľһ㾪һô⸱ģ

˵ɺã

ɫãҧгݵʲôã񴦴ѹһͷ붼˶ţûϢģ˵ִԸ˷ĿҲ֪ʱܴسҳȥҪȵˡ

ݺɫ΢䣬Ťͷʵ˜£ҲˣأǷͬһ㱳˸ʣ

û̴𻰣̱ˣŭɶ㵱˵ģҳΪ飬˶ȡܽɽΪ涼㶪ˣ

ݺûǰһ㣬Ϊӯӯصͷϴƽ͵ʽ֪ΪλͷĻصΪ·һȺǴϷѶܵĲЩշŭҽʳȴҪ֪ܶǹң뽫͸оȡʳ

һ£һȺ񣬵ҶԻҴ󲻾ֱɱ˱ǡ

ݺûĻ㷢ϵĻ˿ⱦμֵǧ𣬿Թü˼ҴԱůҴ˴αϣʳѾҪ˵ĵز

ۣҲǰʢˡǹЩҺθɡ

йܵ˼λı磬ʧǣɳܸ֮ؽʧݣʲУǰȥƽʹдҡڲ˱ܻðպģ˺ۿǣ̫صԮֻ֮±˜û롣еǰλֻȨ˜ȥıֿö˾ٿԵ°գݺ˵ţ

ݺֻǰΪİɵؿڣ˜ô˵ģƭ㡭

ڳĲ״ǳʱȥıʿ˵ºݵȵرҪǧٱأ

ݺ꣬޿̵ΣǾǳս쾭壡ǹպҲǹҪصǻҵ٣ٻеģѵܿ࣬ұ㲻ܺùĵ

ֻ㣬粢Ϊ˜ΪĽʿʲңɱɱˣ붪㶪֮ԷҲֻΪʲλҲһ˽ѳǵĻ棬ڶбǶˡݺ˵Щ÷ŭֻʮֱҲûҪ˵ص˼ֻϣ˴˲ҪΪ

㶵ؿƺˣ૵˵ô࣬Ϊ˜˻쵽һѵʲôɡܣʲôô

˜ңΪҲҾδ򸴳ֶΡƺĳЩº˼֡㣬뿴ɽӣƽĿ࣬˵ٷˡ

ؿһۣתȥ

ҹʱݺ㣬ڱһֵĺӺ塣

ݺˣЦЦ˵˵سˣջȥƲ֣Ҷ

ͷʵǵĺӣ

ǸŮ݊Цزϲӣĺ游գŮݣɲǸŮ

Ҫǿ֮ˣǷܴ衣ݺ˶٣иĸˣҲͬλֶףɱĸ֡

㻳еӤɿոͣŮĿȺͣȴ˪һӣѪҲò

̸֮ʣͻȻȥӺԮ㡵Ըˡ






81.  ƽ   δطɡ

󲻾, ׷ѾܵѾΧ¡ԸΣӺ, סϱҪ, ԷѾϯ

ӺǹҪ֮أһϱ˱Ѿס, սѸʶ

Ը, ȴ, СھӪĥ, ˱ϲԼֳӺϷ, оδнչ, ΧסӺ𣬵ȵʿٴٽ

Ųǳõķ, ʱҲںϵһظݿԸȲ㡣ҹ, ȥĲ֧ԮӺȻɳȥĲ½һҲδһһ䡣

ŭͶѹ, ˳Ц, ǵϳ, һ١ԸԴǿУҲѹڶӵķϣûܴ֡

֮£ԸֻӺ𣬵ȴպǰԮȡ˶ܲʿսԮֲ, һʱаձǵĻҲԹޣŽԹǣΪԸĺϡ

һҹԸڸϵĺӱ͵͵ߡ֮ˣƽȥͶоСӤȡٻ

ȷƽʧٵʱԸطӺһҹδۣڶջҪǿŵϳǽȻһΣоûóǵ峵ǰܹһӤ߾ҫһ󺰡

ڼϤٺԸĿѣͷƤҪը

Ҫǣǰƽ

ԸѪسǵڽʿǵһ㣬֮¾գ㲻ãǰ֮Һˣһ󿪳ţӺ𽫻Ϊǡ

ڽʿĿУԸҪҧҧѪҲֻ³֣

еˮţڵˮƶצ

յĲ״޲̾ϢᣬΨԸɫӦսٴι˵о

նǿӲŮ壬ȴҲд֮ˣ˵Ϊĸۿӱ뾹ᣬʵĳӲ˿˺¡

ûж֪ڳǽϣԸѹºͷڻصп޵˺ѷμʡ

еջԸУ㡴һ˻سǺŵ֪һУһ֮ɱ˼ڮԸˣҲ۲ӺûкõĴֻ˻ص˳

򱱽յݺȥԸʱҵС

ŲҲµ˭ͷɳƵƽˡ

ΪȡΪƽͷȴûܻȫҡ

ûü󣬻һף׼ҲûܴһΡѹúܵͣĴ緢˿ҵش¡

ݺǰԶ緢ᶨڵŮӣȴһλɥ֮ʹĸס

ݺԸǰ£˻ġЩȥġ

ԸţһˮҲûУֻľȻλ˵ҸһҺ˼ֻΪסܽɽҵɷȣЧҵľɱˡ˹ȥƽˣ裬Ƿһûаѹ

ݺ֪ΰοֻ˿ɽӻˣ

Ѿˡ

شԼĶ໰ԸҲǻˣǰǣʹ

պ󡭡պΣݺЩ޴

ԸվλݣٿݺʱĿѲŵıݣһӴܽа꣬ΪŮԻ̳и־ƽӰաܵĻλҲֻ±Ǵ̫жģ񲻹ǻȥˡ

ݺ˵ˣֻʱ˜֣ûҪӵ˼ȴ˜Ӫ

ھ뽫ʿǳҪ֪߶ٱ

ԸѾͬʱҲݺĴϾݺ䲻ӣҲĻҹ񱻿Ϸñӣȥˡ
ôģ˜ΪοسˣǰǴ粽𣿡

ݺҡҡͷҵߵ˲ɾʹġ

ԸŹֵؿһۣʵ㾹뿪ҪɱĿ㸸ʡ
˵֪ʧԣһ䣺ҲǣǴ㲢á

ˣĵ׻ʮֱŤ֮ܳɻ飬˸ٳ

ҺãҲϲ̫֡ݺԶ˵Ļ̲סһ죬΢֪㲻úˣֻһ磬ʲôһһ

պ㲻أ

ݺˣҲδطɡ



صһʱպ󣬷Ⱦ͸ݺˡݺҽ˜Ǵߵһҩǲ塣һʮգҩڸλշתҽУ˶һ飬û塣

ȻʶĴڣһܽиЩͷֻ϶һζ涾ĽҩһǳҩЧã֮ʲôõġ

ݺ֪һ˰գȾͿһߵաĴҴ¾Ъǵʲô֢Ƿ񰲺á

Ъе֪˜жºȰȥѩѯʡǸˣ˜֮ûʲôĽ飬ѩ˜Ľף֪Ĳ١

Ȳϸ㣿ЪƳһۡ

ݺҡҡͷ֪Ҳ࣬ο˜ӣҲΪѡ

ѩլۡʮַ⣬Դ󣬷ǵû˱ĳۺÿЯҾ룬һҹ˳ȥ

ֻʵŻ˳Цѩ۵Ůˡ

ݺȥѩʱеؿ飬ˣЦⲻǾŹ˜Ļ龹Ȼһر˻޲ɱйء

ݺ׮£ɫԵмΣѩǵͣ£鲢ï˜ִŻı飬Լ˲˵¡

ѩ۵һЩ㣬ΪͷȵЦȴܱļϣһѹһеı

ݺһʱ䲻֪ôӦ𣬺վԭء

ѩٶˣֱԵң˜ʲô
һЦۣ֦ͷһ˿˵ʱ߷齿ģ˵Ҳ·˵Ц

˸֪

ѩֱӣ̾Ϣ˜Ҫ֪˵˲˵ģسضҪˡ

ݺΪҪܾ˭ֻ֪һתҲÿܷշҩ׼ٲҩҵĺӶ㵽ͷˡ






82.     ȥвʡ

ѩĻͬһʯͷݺͷ, Ȼ˺һʵ˴˻⣿

ݺɫѩεҡҡ, ˵Ҳ֪ô, ʿɾ˵ˣȥ˜, ˵и, û׼֮, ˵ʵأ

ѩ׷ǹ, ˰, ݺٲ׷ʵ, ʱ뿪ѩȴڵ⼸ҪҸס, Ҳ˵ƣɲʲôĵط

ݺл, üлֱ˵

ѩڴЦͷΡΡĻšһǰһ˼, Ҳѧˡ

˵, Ц⽥ȥѪ, ƫ飬ǰһһϾͱ಻塣ң˜ĸϵͬһ㣬ϦദͲ𣿡

ݺ˼ûѣл

һ, ҵȰء

ݺҡͷǻʺС˾ԸΪһУҲΪ˻ɱɱѣҲ߹Լ˵֡

ǸµġѩݺԴĸ첲Ժߣһ˵ȥ˵һҸУЩӾͲȥˡ

£սݣһֱĩ֮δݺѩеʱδţڷȿʲԵɣһֱѰҽȥ˜ʲô

ѩھǸţĸǸ̼檣ģʱһʮ¶ڴ϶ȹʶϵر̷ĸɫ˥ó谮㿿Ŵڴ˴򽻵׬ЩСǮҲԽԽ󣬰˸׺Ǯƶ߬ϣһ·ŵյĵز
׬Ǯ£ȥż޸Ķӣ˭֪ɾǸСųģһԼ޸ӣ˵ĵλԽˡ

Ҳǵ֪ԼķǸǮĸ̣ٺȴˡ

ѩݣʲôҲָݺԼһҼõ͸ȥ֡

ݺɻѩΪζã˼ΣѩȴЦҿɲʲôĵĺˣ֮аˣ湫˳ͣ㰲űǡ

֪һ˜ݺȻ⣬ѩĶʮáѩÿ꾩и̵Ľ׶̸ýתݺѧϻ֣һ㣬ѧܿ졣

ÿոѩ߿⣬ݺżҪȥתƣǰѧϰǰǼϲ֮໹Щҵڵ£ɫɫ˶࣬Ҳ廨ŵģݺԴʮָȤżҪȥԸЩȤ£

ԸҪΪǿĳʱ㡵˲ƽϢͻ֮ңٹȴռɽһ·踮Ԯֻ䡣ǵоسսӧǹֻصˬӢ˵ԸٲǴŷȹ

ȥٹʱԸݺ˾ơӧǹԺһΣǰ˲ϸܵıԲ⣬е˵ݺ֪ԼʲôˣҲҲҪڽΡҹȥһúܲãǲҪӣԸͬҸһսɳȥƽٲҷҹ

һԲۣϹذסҲҪͬһ㣬ù׳ңǰҪճޣҪʷ

ԸסӺȻûмסգسǵĹͶϣֻǵۿӱʱ顣

ݺı飬ٲµ˼Ҳ׳־ԥҪȥ裿

һϡԸľҰվĻԭһԾɷ̵ĲݻңᵽʱЩǱָȼһΨе˵Ѫƽ

ɱƽ޼ȵ衣ԼɷǸӳӣһ罫̽ؿڡ

ݺͱԸ󣬼æԼ¡ÿջҪȥһûлţȻٸѰҽʥ֡ҹ۵ò붯´ѪɫɢڲԶŵľͷĦ

ݺһŤͷ䷳ʣĲ֪˜ʲô𣿡

Ƴһۣδŵصͷĥľͷ



һ۵լۡ紵÷ԴҶӣ¶Ҷ׵һöö

վ˼ؿЩ¹ʵüĿɽԶһźÿɵһ㣬ֻɫԵùֲ԰ף˼֮С

ܿ͵ŴβͣԷңӶ΢΢ˣſ

̲߳סԹôܳˣʦ㿴ֵýѵˡ

˜վֱӡԼȻ֪绹ܲס

Ǵǰ㶼첡ˣʦҩһ䲻㲻òĵĻšһΪѾƽˣ˭֪ʦ˺֣Ҿ˵ôöԸˡһ߱Թһ̾Ϣ˵а㵱òţ

˜򴽣˵ˡ

֪˜ǧٻˣҲȥȰ䡣ݺŶ͵˴˴˜ÿնҪϸϸϼ飬طϻС⼸նճĬ˵ʱԺվŲ֪ڵʲô

ǰΪ˿˜˶׼ĸѣƺ쳾˜ŲȥԼڵĶ˶꣬ΪڲжҲþˣȻȻĺݣ궼ƽȣȻǳ˯Ķߣʱѵ޽

˜ݺҲǲԼ⸱Ӳдģ

׼ⶾδȫİգòһԼŵʱ򱨳ѩޣһж׵

ͷ˻Ȼﲻƣ㵱治鿴أ

кá

㻹ˣǰ˲ǻ˵֮ң񷴶벻ˣ

˜ժһöָţشضݼ£δԸ˱ȥҵȷвʡ

ȥ˼̳÷ƣպڳݺһϡƽС£ȴ񾹳ӵպ˼ѡ

ʱգοƲŰסȥţöҶĲ¹ˣƸ۵ĲһأδزܴԸʱ㡱֮ὫԼŵùԱ֤ݺһϲǡ

İˣҲˡڳеĸټΪݺõĺ·ֻҪݺͷϣһ踺г˵ľȹ˵飬ΪˣҲòƴ

˜ˣݺҪһ

᲻ãԾݺúûšˣݺİУܿ¿ʼЪһĽЪˡ

˜ÿ뵽ݺһɶ˳Ӷһ㼵ʵҪ

˼ܣҪݺ̺·ڣҲջһС

֪Լܻãһ·ʵ࣬浽˲òʱҲֻݺϣԼȫμס






83.     


صŮƽ·, ԸԶԶΣ˽һЩȦ֮С͸֮ǰΪƽģֻû뵽ƽϾѡضԴʮֲ, Ըĵϱ, ˳͢תͶ˜֮ȻǶвݡԼĪҲԭ, ԴӻصԸδȥݼ, 뿴صŮ݊, ҲֻǸźԶһۡ

زĺ, Ӻ˽ߴ, Ҳ, 㺢ӿɤҲ࿴һۡ

С݊˜ȡģݺҲǺ֪¡

ѩĶС, ݺȴӡʱ, ʱЩѩķԷݺǲŵ, ֱѩܻ˜ķ, ǰһ, ֪Է顣

ӻ価˜ʼûϢݺʯ󺣣һֱ궯ңûǣΣڵϦ

󲻾ãǱߴ, ռ˜ɼֱ̿ΧѾɽ

ʤ׷һս֮սಿֻʶӡ

ϢӵһҲֹˣǰտʼ̻̲ڹԱҲʼɶҪͶе˼κȨգǸЦص˭Ҳҽ˼ŵοɷڹפض꣬ѪԲͨĹٻӵܣǴգ۵ġ

ݺѷ˸ţ֪ϢʱϲޱݣֻǴվͥãʧ˻һ㶯Ӳ߻طС

˜ˡ

ݺŬʦĸ֣ˣȴһ㡣

˜ܣ˳ô꣬ྭӪ˽գȴҲ׳ңֻϧ

念۲ΰԱ¹¡

ݺ˸˶һ·ĸ̾˵Ӣʵڿ˵Ҳƽ

ݺûֻ࣬ʲôҲ;úЩѣ۾Ҳʮɬһֱŵ㡴ԺŶ룬һӵС

ݺգգɬۣˮ̼䡣

ݺ£ᱣ㡣

ݺĶͷϣãȻ磬ٱǰҺʱףҲδشҸң𣿡

㡳Ĭû˺һݺֱӣ˵ҴлԹ˜һҲΪʣʼղ϶˵ǰһ̣лʲôɻ뵽ңǷк

֪ݺ˜֮࣬㱲ԸţҲЩˣ̾Ϣܿܣ֪нա

㡵ĻȻʲôãݺͻȻȥԼڷղѩϢҪͨΣʱͣȥѰ  

ظʧݣѾ޿ˣֻƴסȡ

ǰ裬սʱƿڴȻھл켣Ľ˱һ͹ԸҳˡٹҲû⣬һͬ˻ȥ˵սñֲܽʿŷԵʣȴҲİ벻ϵ

۸ݺҲһˣɱ֮ǰ㻹Ľݺ

ĮȻվżӭӵĿ⡣

ٹΪѲģһͦñֱҲû˷ڡ

ǰش˹ƿűס·ҵٹһ߼æ취

㣬㣬Ұ˸ؾͷ۰źѪ˿ڴתʼղ£֮Եñм

˹㣬һһȥ㡵ģǿſǻݺ㡣ǲһˣǷһѣǰңǿˣΪҪ˴У

ɫӲŷɵѪ飬վǰһɱ³ĻҲĮУ˻ĺõܵܣҽֵܣҾʿѪؽοЩ֮˵ԩꡣ

ݺĬû˵һ㣬Ҳȥ

ؾطڵϣһԼ˵ͻȻЦԹޡȥȴͻȻż̧ͷԼᣬ˵㣬㣬ʲôÿԣֻǣպҲ˼Ҳݰ裬ҪΪūΪ澣Ҫ軹ҪɱңֻҪ㲻ɱǣʲôĸԸ

δأ߸ϼǱ¸̨Ҳҽˣȴһһǰǰ΢ģ

ûаüĿУֻòġ

س۽ǣһ̬͵˳ŲδݣֱԽ̬΢Ҳʼŭ־ͰǶɱˣŲ˶ˣҶң͵űٰɣվˣĪҪȥ

زܲˣ㣬ƾҪͷ޿̵һק㼸ǺˣҧгݵһķοΪ˵ز㲻ǹ𣿲ҵͷ𣿡

㡲໰ֱ˽ǴȥҪشȥס첲תߣзҰı̱Ҫµˣؿ㣬ȾҰܣȾǣˡ

㽫ӵһ˲һ梡ص죬Ż賹û

ۣǾľȻı飬ͻȻжȥڵϣ˺ѷεĿһһͬǶࡣ



ڻǰݺ»ͥ

»ͥһػۣݺ׽ȴԭ裬֮ԵʮֹŹ֡

ݺĮȻ£

»ͥܣֻһλȣԶЩ
л˵ˡ

ñ

»ͥ̾˿ս˲˵ڵʲôţû˜һսذȥҲ졣УͳǣʱݵңȳƽϢұȥѰ㡣




84.     ûġ

᧿Σ, ݺһ㡾ǵһˡ»ͥվǷĲŮ֪ԼųԼ, ΪݺҲ, ֻƴǡ

ȻݺĻûжٶݡҲ, 绹ڳ, ҵļҡ

»ͥ, ̾չ鲻ֳ, ЩԷ価, ֪, ѵǰ𣿡

θɡ

ұϾǸף

ݺûתҪ߳, »ͥҪ첽ǰͷݺĽŲͻȻͣˡ

һӰ, ɫص㡡

ݺæȥ, ҡ

һſ, ȴֲ֪ν͡

»ͥһ, Ǻʱ֪Ĵ¡

ݺһ˲ʧݲã˜ҡ

֪ݺ㲻֪лҪѵȻһ޵۾Ӷˣֲˣֻ̾, ˵㾹Ҷš

ݺΪҪŭȴһ侹ǣˣ˜Ҳ㲻|ףѹ֡

˜ݺԵЩ޴롣

⼸һֱˣ˜ܾ¶جΰ˴ֲһˣᷢһֻԺһΡ

ҪԹңҲ޻˵ݺرؿޡ

ʲôҲûˡ

»ͥվڲԶεĲ֪ҪҪǰݺᱻʣͼǣݺ֣Դǣ뿪ˡ

ǰãҲ䣬Ǽ٣֮ĸȴ棬λ˶ԶԹ㡣ݺߣ˵ⷬ޵øˡ

֪ˡ



󣬼˶Ϊزסˣֻ£δˣȴҡݵ̫ͻ£ͬڿֵµıֻٲά衣

ݺȥؼΣȻԴٹɱٲϼǣɱ˸һŮǰ߰Ĺ³ʼٸȴֽΨһһԽӽصˡ겻ʱ򣬷ƽ

ݺÿȥأҪˤֻȥ㣬ʺһ뿪Ϊ˿أչ݊ʱҲˣﲻģиݺտ

ս£յӻҪȥݺòѩϢҲ֪ҵûУѩĶ݊
˵ҲɣΪԭĸ׵ա

݊ƽӤϲ֣ʱǰ˯ֻ˲ŻɤӡԸæʱݺС݊˯̷˽Ųѹɤô

ݺ͵߲ˣ밲Ȱտ

ԸػмͬģϾҲϵķ񣬱˹ΨһҲɱˣպط̨ĿܣĸӦǺ޼㡣ޣôǰɱ

ݺҡҡͷ˵ұ㲻֪ˣеŮ˵ֻ׽һˣ˽

ŵǱ̼ˡ

ݺ˵Ҳ룬ƺΪԭ˼պ޾ɺá

Ըݺļ磬˵ҽͲؾӪˣǱ߶ţʱ¡㸸Ѿ뿪ڳأѹ̫Ҫһ˹ǡڵһƬͣʬҰǺӵˮȾˣһŵζ

Ը̾Ϣ˺üΣ޵̫ӵǸ߸ϵǵʱ޴ݣӻ󷽽ʿЩ˶սϷץƶ˼ңе˲ľˡЩǰҲ˾Ͳǵʬϼǰ

ݺ뵽⸱棬ֻһ񺮡ͻȻƴ޷Ѹٹ³õõʵϿɣսλˣƫƫҪ˵̤ʯ

ҹԸȥݺ݊˯ţҲм־⣬ЩϨƣͻȻߵ¡ţǷȡ

վǰһС롣

ݺӹԺ˵˿ŷһ𻨾ɽɹűʳ󿪡

Щ⣬ʵģ

ҡͷת߳ȥ˳㽫Ÿˡ

ʱڹ𻨿ãǸŮݺδ룬Թˡ𻨾ѣһҲУθڣϲԻŮҲסˡ

ҹ֮󣬳սδͣϢݺһ󼱴ٵϲ̺݊æѣ݊ȥš

ŵǷȣѾ룬ϱż볤ͱݺӹ݊ݺæ뿪

ҲҹĶѣҵɢߣһʱ䱻ѩȥæŴѡ

ʲôزסˣݺŵȥʸˣԷͷҲصغ˾䣺ˣ͢ӥȮĴץ

ڳĹԱͶ˜ģץסǻ£мҶҪѣ±ץɱͷ

݊޸ͣݺȴ飬ʵӺڣ

ҹʹűˣĹЩˣ

ݺһǱǦһ̧Ƶı䡣ᡭ޿ܡ

ҹɫīŵĴߣ̵ĽŲӡݺ侲ŷȴƫȥ˵ȥˣȥЪ

صضҪѰ㽫ʬΣضõһ˿Ҫ취݊ȥȫĵطС

ݺ뿪ʱҹбüžĽֵǾŵȺɢغʬ壬߼ܲȵ֫

ݺδü÷٣˿ҵڼͷţȽ뽫˴

ǴŭҪسҪйߣ˲δ±ҡЪסͨĽַݺֻȥΣƾżȥסû߶ԶһŵŲæ

Ъ˼ӣҲʮҵ𣬽ӲţȻǳŵʱʮֽƽעصĶҲˡ

̫ҪӭϻعȥһܣʱѰ

羿ȥ˺δ

Ъֻ˵¹ٲ֪ӵΪˣ¹ȥ

Ȳᱧӣ݊ʱһֱڿޣЪȥӵ˻ҲˡǺѲʦĵһ̫ƺЩţĴѰ㡣

ݺ˵ͷЪЪļլˣȴȻһߵĽŲлͻ֣һбѰǣ̸

ֻ֮۷ȺסΡ

݊ЪڻݺԶȽ׷ļ˺󣬾ͼһѾ׼ǵķ

ݺͷʱҲһĻֻңæҪƿЪȻŵرۣ͸ȴû֮еʹ

ݺЪҵػһˡ

ݺۣĿһƬ˪ףֱ۱ʸᴩĵطһʢŵ˼µĺ

˜Ŵɫ԰ްѪɫ˴ŭ

š˜ݺ㶵һΪԼֻһجΡ

˜̾˿޿̵˵ȥɱǡ

䣬žȸİպȻĴɱ׷ɱֻ˲Ϣ䡣

ЪҲΪ⣬˜ѺõĿ¶΢΢һףǴк

վݺ󲻸ҿ˜ı飬˜ŭ±Լȥ췣

֪дݺһ۾ˡݺŻ˜˴ʣ㲻ôͻȻڳ

˜ɫơ񲻸˿һš

ݺ˹ȥΪЪԼһԶĹˡ

ݺóƺΪȥԭȻعҲûõȥ

ȸߡ

˜ݳһ²ңƺȫ֮ߡ

ݺȥһݵլۡƺھðġȵԺҩˡЪ݊һȥˡ

˜۵ó˲㱡ʮָɴ࣬ͷºȡһ˵ѪȳѪͬǽһϽ

ƺ˜Ƴݺһۣɫû̫ãΪҪˣҲûؿ˻ȥ



һԣ˿ԹȻ˜ػһˡ

ݺվţ˜ţҪͷܿΪЪȷòУί־þòҲԼ

˜Цһ΢ͷתкǧ΢΢ɤֺãݺ

˜ദã˼漴ȥ

繣ҡ

ݺ໰ί;ϲҲеǻңȻڴ˿̶Ǹƽ

˜շת¼佫Ĳɢ۽΢죬ûġ

ݺһҭҲ֪˵ʲôãεƭȡ






85.  ƹ   ӿТ

֮, 𳤰Ĵֻܻصʹ

糿ʼƮС꣬ǣ⡣

ﳼ, Ҫʼ͢ѾǵİձŲ, ϶ɢʬסѪˮˮһͬש죬ֻ۳ϪС, ʯש, ܿשе, ˲һ, ĺëҪ

˜꼾, ƫƫһꡣݺܽˮ, Щš

ûã, ȥ

˜ĲƺˣЩ, Ƿصɽ·Ҫ֧š

Ȼ, һҵı档

ĴѲ㡵ʱ, ȴӳ⹥˻, һͬĻдҲ׷׸˴˴εңֻȽճ㸲Ȩ

˜ųѹʯƿ۱ѪȾˮݺһԣںΪЪĵһ¡ءšһҪǳ£һ˻Ъ

˺Ъʲôϵ

κ˵ֵ, ˰㣬㱻˷ֺȴֲϧԼҲܴȻҪȥ˳ ˜ջĿ⣬·¡

Уƽͣˡ

ֱƿ˜ŷµĳݺ˵ݺ⼸ղҪܡ

˜磬ѾֵزǲܰλȥɱԼĸ֡˜һΣǷɱǲ𣿡

˜ԣϹĨЦ⣬ʣôµӻԥ

ʮǰľȽյĳлҪϼ

˵ҲһԵزԶȥźƺƵıֱŻʹȥ

פصĽʿǲǱ߷ǱѹĽϣս֪Ҫ˶ˡôĶΪ˲룬ںǣסǡ

գǵĻⲻϨ𣬹ǰʬѳɽŲϵɱ¾˶Եľƣ룬ֻսָӡ

˜£һ޴ĴµĲսڶֻ࣬ʣ֮

ɱѪ·ӻʹƫ͵͵ߣȴΧһ·˻

ʱ֣ݺʱѾڣŮ̺ϴһ磬˜˽ȥˡ

Ĳ£̻˸٣ȥˡ·ϼ˽ʹΧסĽʾƺ׷׷Сݺһ·ͨȥѱΧסվٹҵˣܾصﶼˣǽɫأԶ̨վŵļˡ

ڸʽɫУһµ˜ֱվţ·ǻδüڵһѩ

ȹܹȥ˵עĿü̸ɻͻȻðŮ˭ҲһѽԼߣѹʲô

ݺδ𻰣ͻȻһԹӣ޳֮ͽؽú

ſڵϣѪѾȾƵۣ֯һɪһŭѳ޲ꡣǰ߰Ը̫ӵ£ΪսʤϧԼ㣬˭֪Ϊ䶨ʱŵ˷ֳʤһ̡

˜ȡһŴֱȡݺ衣

һ˶ۼ˜ıõıҲˣŵƸ۵һսϧٹΪȥĸ󻼣񷴹Ϊ˳Ǻ޻֮

ݺ˜ԶҲܿǸڻλɫҰ׵ĸʣ־壬ϸǷŭȷŭıĳӣҲŭҲТĶŮ

㡲̵رøһ˲ݺߡ˜ȴڴ˿̻ͷδ˵ʲôֻһۡݺͣ½Ųҡҡͷ߰ɡ

ǰյʼղͣЪƾۼڻʳϷѹѹ˾ô

ʯɢű紵ĿҶҲҶʹŤشЦšһ֮֮ţӸλҴܽŪƶ꣬ǲ⳯͢еһߣҴܰҵһ

شЦδŹ˜վһݺǱ輧֮Ů֪ͨѹվڴ˴ҫضܶҵգ

ݺûʲô飬Ҳ˿ûҫ˼ôһͨҪܵģǾ˜ȴͻȻЦһЦʮˣаһѷĳ˵Ҵӹȡ彣ĸһǴܿѫΪҳź˽ǰᣬҰҰǷʬǵʬǶҰҡ

˜̫ӵĵճӣ֮ǰн㣬Լ̫δĺӡѼǲЩ˵ĳ࣬ȴܿѪģڿ޺

µĳɪɪλʦֶ

ɱŵĳӶ˸ɾ϶ǵʬףΨΪƽŹ±Ͷ˜

ݺԼĸڷһȾĳɫԲۣ϶ǾµĽߴ塣ƺҲƳŭ𣬻ȴֱ׳˵㸸׶Ȼ۲ʶкδ޷иõĳȢһŮλ߾ϣȻԣͬΪֵܣΪβɣһҳӣԳƻͳֱЦ󷽣

Խǿ־壬ԽĴ󣬵³һɵбġϾ̫ӵ˶̫ܽδػý־档οµǲǻͳʲôҪֻҪȨƣҲû˸ɡ

˜ЦһŽڵţһͷƤĦͬܵظеĹ߽

˵ò߾ϣʵڿϧ˜һ̴δƤ⣬зת˿ڱһѪ۵

µ֮δһĥġ˜ηĿ⣬ϼһѪ

ݺĸʷĲҽУҲηس˼ƽϥǣֻܼѵУڵשѪӡ

˜պ϶Ѫһ˫ظڵļˣǶﻪ֮ͥı˜ÿ˶˿׵

һָĻ۵ó鴤ֹһĻ˵ڡ˜ϹǳЦ⣬˵֪ĥ˵ķӣǰδһһԹȻˣһԣܷͨ˶żˡ

ZȣҺôô常治ƱҪǴ

ʲôϵ常Ҳʱ常ĹգZĪպ󶨻úñ𡣡

˜ֱƽȥһ磬쳹̨µĳ֪ô˜պҪµˣ񱨳ȻҲ⣬Żʵ۲ɱĥǲЩ̫棬պϻλҪ˿ࡣ

ĵʱͻȻһȥͣĻһˣͷ­ڵϹ˼ȦºҲŵȥŻü̸Ⱥͻıʾ

֪Լû·ǿȥ˜˴ʣŭ֮޿̳˸һʹ졣

ӲǳǣסˣӦ˜ȻЦţҲںɱԼ׼ĥӿ㸸ʵТӡ

ڡТӡԵô˾ٻĵ档

Цˣʹ˵СˣΪֺ׶ɱ

侲ʮֺڣȻ︸ʽѣбض񹲷ߵ֮߱٣պҲ˵ˡ

ʵҲýˡ˜ȥ˴Σ˵ÿոһ⵱ιȷ衣Ϊʵ̫ף뽫ȥǰҼֻҰڷʳ㡴ŭҪıһΣݺĹȰա

ջȥһѪ£Ů¶ɫƣɺԶɽ

ݺȵʣôˣ

룬ɫţΪ֮СñȻٴ¡

䴫߽ϲصİ£ʵմŰ׷ΪТԼѪһղ㲻Т

˵û䣬˜ͻȻҵؿָ߬齱ߣָסݺĺ󱳣תȥһˮת˜ѸĨȥĵ졣

Ȼһ̣ȴƲסۡ

ݺƲͷĿĺָ԰׵ֱۡ

˜޴ȥЩѪȴôɾµѪ䡣㲻ǲ㲻û𣿡

˜ֻѾȾˣסָգһ̾Ϣˡޡ




86.     ʵڲܸ

˜ݺ˵ʵ, жδ¡

£ʹǰ׼ףҲⶾҩ˜Ȼ˵Щ, ƺѾ, Ȼݺžµ̲ᡣһ̫, ܳһﶼûجج, ʹвý, ұǹһ, Ҳú, ƫƫҵı

Ҳмˡ

ݺ˵, ȴɤɬ۵ܡ

Ϊǳ䶨, ˭֪Ūˣ̶̵ʱڸܵʧ, Ȼٶʧȥ

ݺǿѹ±ʹԼ, ȴɲšжá

˜һ, 漴˼, ƸգԼĪ¡



ܺû̱ɱǱ˻ʹĵΣ˜Ҫǰĥ

ķ̫屻ϵˮȥƽԺ½аռ졣ˣѩĸھӪд̫ãȻѶҪĶ˜˦ֲԺ, ʣĻ˷䵽ƫԶ֮أһͷְԼֹһ

ҵ߱ߵʴȣǰԹҲûУܻѾңл˶ʰ뿪;ڡ

㡱˜᲻Ƶۣ˭֪ҪˡȻìܣȴ˽ҩ˜Ǵȥ

Ѿʱ޶࣬˜ȴûн֮˵Ծÿճݺȥй䣬һнǸ

ֻЩһСκʱҪͣЪϢݺھһϺ֣ѩֻҪԼӵ㲦кδ˜ҲΪָһ⣬Сҳһţ˜ҲᣬÿңҲֻŲٳ÷Ƴˡ

⴦Ժð죬Ѱ˜ϲ»С߳ȥԶֵĽУʱ̯֧ʽţһֶڵˮ

ݺѵѾˣȻ˜Ҫ࣬յһƬ̷𴲡ﰲĳĵһֻţЬ࣬æ·ȥ˜Ӱ

һȦҲûмƲסĺ£ŽܵԺǰ׼ųȥֻδſľű֨ѽһˡ

˜Ŷôˣ

ݺ˵͵ػס˜ݽĻ

ܲµһ㣬öҪ޳ˣڳĺ󱳡ȥЩţ㾹ѵ硣

ʱ磬ΪβϺЪϢȥʲôţݺ۾ˣֹ䣬˜ЦЦû𻰡

߽ݽֽһʳз£˹ذں꣬ɢ˵˭úã˭ӸĿζ⣬֮ЩѰ˼ҵС£˵ԵмΥͣƺҪٿȨŪģմȾƽ̻ݺͻȻ䷴ЩӦ

˜ҩ˵һЩϡƽС£ݺоЩŹ֣˵ǺδŹֱ֡˜Ժſڴ˵Щڲ˵ˡ

仰ͬһ͵زĿڣѪʹ̡

˜ҹ˯ú糿Ҳʮ磬·ƣ֮ɫȴֲּЪϢ˯Ѿûʱˣ˲ŸҪץһ˲䡣Ҳ⼸ո໰ֻЩ˵պ̫ź

˜Ÿ䣬ͷݺĬصͷᣬΪԼˣѯʵôˣ

ݺҡҡͷֱ̧§סͷǰ󶼴ʪˡ
᲻㡭ҭ˵

˜ȻһЦĬƬֻ̣ܿЦŻӦθġ

˶ˣش˵׼뿪գܿ͵˵оˡ

ݺǰһϲõҪʣ˜һ仰оȡĻ˵ʮ顣

˜˲֪ôҲҲΪ𣿡ôӦЩϳѹƣڵϳܣӶҪܲסˡ

ϰ߾ͺãʲô¡˜νһãҲ޼£㡶߱ˣ¼ɣһҪһ㣬Ʋʲôˡ

㣿ʹˡΪ巭˰ñæź޾ɺã˵ѾˣҲÿ֪ŲҪ

˵к£

һλҽ˵涾ûġڴ˴в㣬عиӦҲʡճ㡣

˜ܾȴݺһӦ£ҽǿбϣĹǼ٣ֻܱһϣ

ȻӦµĻ˜ûٷԵĵ
عʱ˵Щܵ£Եʮֱ

пˣǷҪ۸ͣΪ˳졣˵ݵ£һȺ̵ĹýʿԼԼԣö۶ˣʵ治˵ġ

˵ŵʱѾʻ˹ǽݺ˴һɫٷ㣬ƺǲ³ȴûмųŵķߡǣͣ½Ų˵巵ʦȥɣֵ֮鷿Ӷ˰˸ߡ

ȥĶݺ·һ˿˿˲ԶԼĪɸߵĹ̨ƺӰ

Ҳ̫ߵĹ̨˵ؽյ̬ȲǰǰӲ뿪Щ绹ˊ˵ɢɢġǴ̨ĵط˵ȥҴȥظĲ˵Щ£Ҳ˲١

̨ܸߣܵľĳ·ԵõͰվڸߴȻҲܴݺͷȥɿ׵ȹȹƺ趯һվţƺҲǡ






87.     ǧ

޸ʱ, زŹʮ꣬ȻЩݣȴԶôءʱͻС, ֻǰ˵Ҳûʲôġ

ĸ˵Ҫѡ, ر͵ػװԼȥ̫ѧЩſձ, Ȼͱ쿪ʼꡣʪ͸ѱײ, ·Ӹ״ĸȥ, װ·ĹŮ̫ѧжȨӵ, ԺжһӵŮ, ˮʪ˽, ճŮߣ˱٬ϷŪ

ûͷ, һһ£ȺŪξˡ

ӻ׼ٸʵ׵ʱ, ͻȻһɾ߳ԼŮ, ĸͶ, ֻǲ̫ѧ

طӦ, ̴˸ҵݸѳɾ͵ƽӰŰɵطŹͬǵУ㽫һԵȡûűɡһۻ

ˣҡ˵žҪͳ

ɢī£΢΢ȣҴһ䡰ˡԶ

ʵѡе˻Ҳйһζʱ, ƽ»ǰܲࡣֻʱˣλͬľͷһЦ⣬ʲôŭաһ̽ĵߣ˹壬ܹҲ⣬Ҷʲô

ص˻˺ܶ࣬ӢɾɫɫÿŻġʱżҲѧõ£һ˫ī͸·һ۾ܽ˼

ʱ̫ᣬɲǼĶΪ˫Ƕ⡣

ϳгǲΪӪƣνĶίߣպ΢ϣǶͼı

վúܸߣڷ졣𽥿㣬ȴö˵ľ뱻ԽԽԶ

ǵ͹˲⣬Ҳעֻܽ



ڷϵ۳Ѱҩн̨صϵ⴦̨ǰ죬δɣĺѾ߲òӣԶɺѪ

ݺЩԶϵı飬ֻĪе

һһݱ𣬳Ź̨ȥ׼һͬظ

Ǹ޷ӣʲô뿪ˣǱҲᣬ벻Ҳ޷ͻǶԲסģȣҲȷǴϡ㡱ƤͿʼȨԼУٽȫһֱͨλȨƵĹΪ˿ݡ

ܻøãѡǲõ£¿ʼ

ѾˣЩ½ֻҪ̫ԶֵֵĹǰһκ˶һ˿һ衣

ţĽŲӿ켸֡

һֱߵ̨£Ҫ̧ͷʱСЩֻһȻһӰ׹䣬ڵϷ޴죬֫ٺڷۡ

ûЬϱ˺춹СѪա

ףһԲӸ̨Ծ£ԥйϢ

ʯһۿŽϵ´ȹѽѪȾۣúܵĺһ۾

Ŀĺɢŵףվλѣͬ֯˳ɫվеס



ݺ巵ãѯ˜һЩ£˵ˡ

㽫صʬ˹ʼҲûʲôı֣鶼ǵġڴǰãԴϲ˵Ҫ޾ɺáתۼݺˤǰɢһ˿ĻҲûС

˶û뵽ؾܺݾˣϣҵķʽǰӴ˻ȴʡ

̨µʯשȾ˴ƬѪڵһɾġû˸ȥȰǰºʱҧ˵ǣһ˫ɭ

δɥ£˱ΪȨƱޣҲ˶صֽкáһӦᣬֻһЩѼ򵥵ظ㡣

غ˜ȥеʱס׼õ˜˵ϲ㡣

˜ɫɥδƽϣվݺ

˵أ

򴽣ɫ԰׵һ

һӦֻרصĹ餡݊ףиڳԸϡ

սδƽԸսͷ⽫ǶİҲ£Ĳ¡ټľ䲻ջֺ룬Ҳǳݵĸ֮ۡһ͸˜ûһ˶Դ顣Ͼ˜ʵ۶ҪլԺʲôҪġ

׼ʱ˜Ѿ֧룬ʱ˯ѣżҲǿѪֹ
֣ïҶݻƣԺĻʢŵĺɻҲݰˣ޿ص˥ߡ

˜ҲĲľѸٵĿήݺֻܿ롣

һֲǻЩ껹ٿ

˜Ѻͷ˵μף㴩ºܺÿ

ԵԼܰޣƫƫһ̲סˡ

׼˜أ⣬ԼѰҽĽⶾ֮ǡ

˜̫أٹձֻܵѰĹѣҲֻһⶾҩֻǴҩ쳣ڵӿֻŲסҩһڻᱩס˱ǴȣԸһԣ

ҩҩŰ׼ݺһ¡



ҩݺͻȻľܾ

ݺҪԺ
ȥϦҧһͭǮĽӣԸ

ԸҪ˜úûţҲҪܿˡ

˜һ£漴̲סЦһͷ֪ˣ㡣

̧ͷ԰׼˵ҩɣǺֽҶܡ



ҩ˜ܿŻѪڵѪս͸½

״̬£׼Ҳֻ޲ߣֻܿԼǷͦһء

˜ԺһƬ磬ʹ̣ͬһ㡣Ҳ֪ΪΣƺǰ˹ϵʹ֮ɢǰڻһƬϤľ¡

Ӣͷףһ˶ڴ˴ĸ븸ͥԺ壬һԵİڵ٣ˣ˵ǻZˣûȥ̫ѧضȥˡ

ʶſҪ⣬ĸЦ˵ZƺϲСŮΪȡ֡

̫ü̫˵̧ͷʵĸãպָȡΣ

̵ǲУ˵Ҫȡֵġ

Ҫǻĸȡ

游Цķ֡

һжʵֱԴǾʱģĸֲ÷ţδһѻճɽ̿

ǰ˶ʻشڣǻƮɢĻм

ʮȥԲΡ

˜̫شߴٵɻZѾûˡ

̫ҲĵѾܺˣѾûʲôģӴ˱ܽѡ

ҲǶ㻹ڵʲô

˜УҲã

˼ҹľǰڵʲô

ʵǺۣ߹ȥܵõ֮õĽѡ

ʱȴ֪δһŮӵģ˵ʲôܾԺЩŽ

ҿ׼ļˣЩǺðóס

һûʹ㣬Ϊʲôȡ֣ϲ𣿡

㡭

˜

󺰳֣Ѿ˲Ŀǻ

ѾݻZˡ

˜Ȼת̻ZҪȥĶ

ۣӦ᲻ãβƭˡ



ۣĿĹ߻˜ǰڣ

бҺϣ˳ֱݺҧؿޡ

ɤӸɬǿڵû£ޡ

ݺ޵÷ˡ






88. []    Ҳġ

˜ҩ˯, ʧȥʶ󼸴ŻѪ췴Ⱦ졣ĺԽԽ󼸺ؿڵ, ׼Ѿٿ, Ԥݺȥ׼¡

ݺģһغ˜, ֶŽ˵, Щܴб

˜, ˵Ǽ, 㡶һ, ˼Ĳҩ

λ, Сɳ飬پ㡾Ȼгʱ, Ҳʮֻң˜һε, Ϊ¹ϳҲбֵĺӵ塣

ֻоս, δ̵δ, ˜˦ֲ, ֻڷܵѧϰȻԳ°֪³Ǻϡ࣬żᱻĳָűѵ⡣İĻ˵ȻǸ̫׵ˣΪʷˣΪʷԱӵյ

˜ú󣬵»һѡһ޾ܳٳû»ʵǻҰĵͼȨ

˜, 㡲һʱҲĿˡ

ݺ˜һϢʱ˵ļ仰ǵһ׵ˣʲô׼ֻҪձǡױƸþѱã׷ҲһӦȫ

ȻبǶ֮仹һ⣬ǾݺĹݡȻ˜ں۹⣬Ҫ˼ݺպԴܲҲһܻ׳

Ŷ˻ڽòĴ˾

ڱ˜֮󣬴һͥ䣬ΪŮȻȻվ˳Ρ֮ʱȻ飬˷ѡվ˜ߣȥ˵壬ôڳһϯ֮ء

ݷõʱݺڽ݊·ΪΡ

˜ģݺ݊΢΢һףʦڷУɡ

ûߣǽסɫҲмֲڡҹġ

ңݺԾȣָе

Ͼƭ޸˜˭·˜ϱҲˣִ˴壬ô顣

Ҫˡݺţ˵㡣

һ£ҡͷˣ̰ĽȨ־ᣬְֳмӺŻô˵زӦڹ
ɽ˴°ߵĹԺϢʧˡ

ҲǺŪԭԼֳݺ뺦ݺʧȥ׺ϣ˜ȴ˼һоΪϴ˜϶飬ŶӲⳡѡ

𱻿ƶǵˣŮͲ֧ܴѾ¿

ݺΪ⣬ʣԵλң

ݿֶв㣬õΡ

˵ʮί񣬴㣬˜ݺ֣˳ɻҪʷһӡȥ鷳ݺڴ޼ңһۿѳǱȥӵĴ޼ҵŮȻʮ񻰱Ĺ£ǶԸ洫š

ȻĪһŮݺݣȫûĴһ壬˵ȫĺ¡

ݺӦº󣬴ϲ֣æлһ̧ۿվűߵ˜ͣһɲɫʱࡣ

ݺͻȻ仯Ϊ岻ʣŤͷȴ˜е⣬ֱæҪ

˜ݺɻĿ⣬ҲֻϷʵüδֵķӦ

ߺݺԴʲô㡣

һΡ˜ƮƮؽҹȥ˵壬ڷδȤɽ㿪òҴȥɺã

ȥ

߰ɡ˜Ҳ׼߳ԺӣԸ׼㡣

˵ݺҲòȥɽ¡еֻзƺһԵŮȥ˴ԵĲ£˜ѹס

һʱǲɽ¡˿̵ɽɽ¹ɽкƽƬ߲ĺӳšɽв֪³ɽʯһǰģܵĻҲΪ붬𽥵֡

·Ůɽµţ˜ݺǰ

ɽǸߵɽͣɽ½ڰɽλãΪɽûʲô·ݺǰСִֵҪȥɽ¹ȥˤˣ֪˜÷ƺ¡

Щ£ݺвԹ·˜˵һӦᡣҲܲµ˼˵µȷĳӺ㣬㲻ҪȱС˼ƽϡ

ǰȷΪεǸҲǳϿѸ٣ݺû̫ãȼɽµɽʱѾѷŵԺ

˿ĺӳųȺϼ񻮹һĨӰɽµҲڴʱ죬ɽдԶص

ݺΪ˜Ҫڴ˴ͣ£˭֪ǣ֣ɽߡ

߾û·ˡ

ǿ߳һ·

Զȥǰĵ·ҲԽխӲ𽥵סߡ

ɫԽ谵ݺͣ½ŲϢڻﴭϢ

˜ͻȻʾſԼϡ

Ҫңݺˡû𣿡

ǰʱ˜£¹һˡ˭֪˜ĻҲ΢ӣָǷ񰲺ãĲУҹظԡ

ݺȻʲô˼ϲ΢ȣҲԥ˳ӵſȥ

˜ȵرţȹµӲݾɽȥ

ҹɫˣɽķ󣬴ö˷˿˷Ӻ졣

˵£

ݺδ¶ģ˵Ҳûʲôһ֪ǷУȥˣҲʧܣ˼ֻҪ±Ǵġ

˜δҪ£˵˴ȷû·ȴδֻ߲ͨӲʯ϶࣬żоݣƽ·ҪߣĻˤɽ

ݺǰҲȥɽķ羰ˤҲûдͷֻǶٻΪû·ȴ˜ⷬĪĳطǻ·ɽ紵Ҳ䡣
ΪλҪɽߣ

Ϊġ

ҹĻ֮ɽбøӻ谵˜Сߣ;ҲЩ

ɽݺŷִ˴ȻһƬƽ̹Ŀյأ޷ҰïʢЩ

ɽȻϮɽľ£վڴ˴Ŀ·𶼱

ݺ˜£ҲڼǰƬݵ

ԶɽīӰصɽĳȴһ޼ʵҹգǸ˸ռеĵƻ۳ɳɺӻɢǡĿԶټط·ûоͷ׳ɽ˼ƻ¡

ݺδǶȿǣҲδͷǿա˼⾰޷˵ֻۻָһ󺰣֪ˣ

ͻȻˣΪɽ·ѣȴִֵҪȥɽ羰

˜ۿǳͣͨ𣿡

ݺڼ˷ʱȻʣᶼûˣָԶ˵ͨˣǰ·ߣҪԹ֪ǰû˳ԵĶΪβһˣֻеǵɽܼ÷羰˿еĴкηϵ·δضҪѡ׵

˜ʣ·ͨأ

Ǿٻһ·

Ծɲͨ



Цһȥ˵׾ˡ

ǺХɽ磬˜ЦͬһỊ̃Ѹپɢˣȴļů

㲻ʲô𣿡

Ը˵𣿡

ݺվǰĻĳУҲȲԵ˫

ϳ˼Ҿ˵ķ洦Ҫ俪ԺͨҲܿũ飬˺ҪΪŮ±׫дʹǵĹںԺ֪ŮҲԽҵһкܶȴոʧغ󣬻ȥ˵ʲôģ

ݺվֱӣ˵Ϊβϻͷ˵ͬΪıֲԼĵʲôȴͨˡֻԼ£ȥһͬķ羰Ҫġ

˜紵Щգмָп͵ݻZм񡣡

ݻZֻǹȥݺȴ

ͷʣأĵʲô

˜һǡ

㡣



ؽʱһϳƾ£ӭȢ̫֮ŮʽǻΪۡ

˜ֻѾӭȢݺٴ硣㡱ίݺȥѯʹ֪鷳㲻ٶӸ档

ʵϣɽɽϣѾӭźХҹ磬׳ɽ볤ǻݹء

ܵȶܣԸܿҲ뾩ƽȥˡݺһ߹̣һΪϳƶȵ볯ۣ㡼нͷö

ռʮֹ˜ȻʮޣȴҲϲݵˣһƬݣк͵͵࣬Խ֮ģڸҡ

˜㡴к˱ûϢ

˜׽ϢֶߣдСԱٲΪʹҪӣܿ˜кȥһ

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