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1.ǿȡᣬŰԹ칷Ѫ
2.ŮûѪԵãŮرģۣ˫C/ֽ൳ʳ

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1 

һеƫ룬ʼԪԪڡ
ǵúԪ³»ʵٴͳּ¡˹ɥ˥£뻻ѳӣַǷı񲻾ڶԪյƻᣬǱ·ҹ졣
ĸʩϷˣԺ˼徻ˣԪϲҲԸţͳſ֣ʶ˷ϴСˣͬʩλССӣǣƺƵʮˣŵƻͨˮӹ۵ƻᡣ
ˮӻ˺ӣξͷдǣҹﴬ۶ЪϢϲӣӭ͵ĻȲĴ¥ʵ塢۹ӳʳۣˮΪ洬ǵļˮӱߣֻֻͷӦƣյˮƺһ㡣
ˮס˼ң¥۴αȣջվˮʳУǼֵʱˮƻͻͣ·˺Ƕ߰ٲĸ棬װĻŽأЦӯӯ·Ĳ¥Щ˵ӵܣеϵĸЦŮҲգ̧ͷۣЦһ䣬ǵͷɬҴҶ
ϺͼСǰͷִƣǸںһһǣϲ磬ʱָ㻨ƣʱ̻²ǰߡ
ǰش˳ӿˣӼϷͺȲʩһΧۿ˰Σֳޣ˵ĵС¯ȺﴩȥסСҪĺǳԡ
˴ƵģǵĺԻͷȥˣϷֻ͵ϲ
ϲϲڿϷϲеʨӹǸҵ̣ҧһ̵Դҧ
ȽϲֵݵȥͺɰǮҺģǣܵܡ
ŴౡƬ͸ķΣ̧ͷԼףװΧƣ쳣Ͽȸ̵İ֯ȹΪѹ׵ı
ĵͷǣסϲ֡
︶ǮһЦļ򣺡ѾͷҲôЩߣȥ򻨴
ĸˣϷͷźŮĦȺﴩУˮһСۣɫɫĶҲ廨ţɤˡ
ƽȶʯƻˮ棬֡
¹ɡϹȡζѣȳ򡪡
׹۶ִָ죬ιͣС
ԼŮֱ֣ˮȥеѳԵľ⣬ˮJɤϲಽĸߡ
Ļ˸ƫƧλãС۱ùڰ뵲嵭ļĿյл¸˴Сɾͼǰڵһʻӿǽ񳿸͵ͷĵأɫССɾܴ
͵ۣ֣ɫġ˳һĵתȥޡ
⻨̫Щѡڰ֣սһ㣬ȥĻԸɡ
һ㲻ȹ䲻۾·ˣ·£ӴһǰײŲȣϲһᣬײ˸ļӡ
Ѿͷôëëġ

֪δ͵غܳ׳ɷһײײڿϣһӦ˻δףֻﰥӴһת˲֮䣬ѼǺںˮȥ
¾һƬµǳ̲Զżƻ𰵵洬ʧֽڵأʧɫѲ˴棬Ҳ֪˭һУˣˡ
---ϲ类ŵڵأԼױںºӰס̴ޡ
˲࣬ǿȸ̵ĴȹϵĽǰһƿˣײײǰȥʹһ
ƬȹһᣬһˮУջҪȥ׷ˮȾҡ
ӵڵϣﱻ°ּСˮŵĽС㡭
˰ЮԾϾͽһֻƾ洬ҡ£Ŷȥ̲Ӱ
ʩһڴСˮߵԭ£֪֪Լ˳£ΧֺֽУˮһССӰԽԽԶӰʧӰ١
ˣˡ
𴩵Ǽа֯ëĺѣˮأڱĺˮ£Ȼƾɵ洬ȻԶȥּˮӰǧֵֹ׹ڵӰܣ䲻ڱǹһȳĺˮȣʹǺһ˲ʧʶ
ԪڣʩѹʼʩƵĵڶңĸ°ߣԴʧټ
Ժεǰյ龰ĸŮһŮлûк˺ܶǰ⽭֣Сơ
֣Сƻһ˫ѶЦۣϲ
Сƣ꣬ҸТ꣬һҲǶԵס
ֻ飬˶㣬һź£ٵһҪˣżǮݣ˹öˣԲϧ㣬Ժţ޹ȥӣĸ
ϲʩҵ׹⣬ǸСӣʩҿ
ֻңųի𣬸һ㣬ӹĻǰ⽭ʱ򣬺뱲Ӷ˨ǰҲۣ˵仰ͱָűƿڴҲˣЩˣĸЦҵ棬ҲҪϲ档
ᣬʩЩǮҲֻǸе̼֮ң㲻ʲôϵ⣬Լ棬ѧЩ˼ҵͷҲҲѴЩҪָɣƽھⶼȲãɷӣʲôͷˡ
ǸɣҼã֮ˣڽи֣ҪͶȥ˼ȥпڻɴ
СƣЩҴΣĵҲи˳ӣҡ
ţҪҰЩʲô
СƸ˵˼Ļ
Щµ强Ǯ͵͵˱ߣʣµЩͷ桢Σ̫۵Ķ뷨ҴԺô֡
ϲأˣϲô죬СͲô
Ӧ͵㱨ҡ
ˮĴְ˽Űӱĺʩ˾δһҪȥѰˣһҪˣ۵³ˮתѣȥǣ޵ϲ磬һ˼ٿƣŮ§źӣҴһʩҡ
汻ȥ¶ڽУЩʮ֮˾乴ѰҲ·ʩ˼ȥûб٣ǲ͵͵ȥѰãѰ˸գûϢҲֻǸİա
ˮ֮ܺͷʹһ󲡣ڴһ¡
żҷʩﱻδϱˮǲҩԲ͵͵οģﶨҵĻ
ηﻹ°׵ëСӣѩ׵öëںڣŷĽбб¶ź˵ɫ԰ףԲ᲻ң
ôءҴã޲ⳡ
һºů£ʩҵĴʩ֮ʴؼ
˸忡˹ĵɾСɾδڣʮͣһͦΣżе־
в£Ц̧ͷһ˫ƫȴ˿⣬ů
лҪ˵
оҳ̣صȫŮĶϷϣζȽأ³ԣ˵ÿ
andǸУϴ׵֣൳ס~


2 
ʩլ߷ǽռҾӪҩ̺̣ÿİӵĽˣƲϴ󸻴ȴҲʳǣ
ǰʩ򲡹ȥңĸʩ֮ϲֻһŮĸţֶʩϷϥ¡
꣬ʩֻ֮ʮ꣬Ǹɣ£ŵøجģԺᦣʩûбҰģоǸСⶼҪ㣬æ㣬ˮ½ʱ֦ڣԭƼʣЩ˼ңĻЮŹ˿ǧƱӵӰ١
ʱпʩϷи׳ֶɿģڹ޿˸̣ӪƣӹΪ׾ݣű粡ţʩøСȱӣʴһСֻ˵ɥ£ͶʩϷˡ
ʩϷɥ֮ʹδ⣬ֶһοʣҷ˹ܺϷ˵ЦǣӣռͷּˣʩϷ˱ֶһס¡
ʩԺַŲסҼˣʩϸ˴ϲס˶ƫᣬռ԰С԰ӶиСԺӣָʩ֮ʣԺȢסңˡ
ɿʩ˽ţٰչʩҵӣĻƹ´ĻȣʩϷԭʩ֮ʴӱТ֮ҪȥԺ飬Ժ˭Тѧʣ˷ԼӣԴ˾֮ؼ¼ʮˡ
ȥʩ֮ʺɿȥҩģسԽҶУŹɥ˲ʱգʩϷļ٣Ρ
ŵϲͷҹѣ˼дţ˾˸ûоѼҾ죬ʩ֮ʻԼЪʱݰݼĸʩϷ˼ͻȻϲʤϲ
õϰ˲ľʩ֮ʺϷһЩǣɹ۸ܣЩȤС⣬ϸüϸ۵ĹϰһɹڼʩϷ§ϲŸţƤСֹġ
˶ڣһһ˺ãּϵ˶ů΢Цǰʩ֮ţ硣
֡
Ҳһá
һЦС
ʩֻ֮꣬һ˫õգÿͬһپƣ˹ϵ׺
ĻϲԼҴ磬˵ߵʱֻ˵ĸ£˭֪һ߾С꣬ͷţĸǰװѸλˡ
Цӯӯ⣺һ·ߵĺòãۣԵ˯öô
ááһжãùġʣȴˡ¶ҽʱ˵ˡ
ôԣЦ̣ǼһᣬͷƫڽգˮβƳһҵ۽ǣգգۣ̹ҡ
ʩͷ΢΢ս⵹ҵĲˣһġ
ǰЦʩ˵ּתϲΪϲǣ֣۷죬죬Ҫһ޼
ҿʩϷ˼ᣬǰ§һţ粻ֻ˵һ仰Ϳ޳ģϲӣɡ
ְЦĪ¶ܵġ
ȰԸ׵½ǣ̲סüȴҲﰲοԼĽ㣺ĪˣǵĴﶼ
ôԣҭҭ᣺綼Ǻ⡣ӹʩݹһ̶֣ǣϲϣϲʩϷˣԼҧʣһС㣬۽ǺͨͨģϻۣʩЦ¶ľѶ̶ء
һأȥʩȥȤӦ
δ䣬һЦŴҶ
һץݵСͯŵǰ̣̣С
СԡơʩϷһ§ϲЦſȥӭССϲ꣬Ĵݰף˳С꣬ͷԣǵƤϥҲʩϷ徻˼˿ζ
ԭɿԼϷˣͷŮʮʮ
ĸ׾ڶгЦʣףòʩϷ˵ϲ
һɿҲϷ˺ͼλֶֶŮлٽ磬ʩϷ˷Ըϯ棬Ѽ⣬촣Ʒģֲȥ¥ǣҪֻһƱյɿʩ·ϼȤʳֳһ緹
ټԵľˣҲ˱عӾƣҷѱѬụ́ʩϷ΢룬ǣЯ˼ַȥ
ǣϲȥЪƫȥʩŮԲɷϷ˻ЪϢĸ˵仰˼ұĿЪҲ̧Լ԰ߡ
С˳³԰׸ǣӳ׸һǰȥȵĶˣСкѾ
ʩϯȵĲ٣ȴ˿Ծ⣬ֻһ˫۲⸡쳣Ƶһɢû
ƴ԰԰ȥݺɲݳĺʱڣ԰̺죬ϷС̶Ｘβĺˮ渡ʩˮվΣůһֱֻ˳˼԰
԰¶ǰվ˸˫ٵŮ˫ʮ껪ʩæǰӭС
ɫϲʩ˳ںͷϹιЦ͵ʳء
˳ź֪ĨĨǣĨ¼ǺһЦ֣Сսá
ղȴŵʩϵľȥԺ͵ᣬһֱ̾ƣ֪ٱضȵĲ٣籸ѾһЪЪա
ʩͷȰʰˣȥŨ
ʰ׵ֹЦģ֪ϲң⣬Ҫľ⴦
԰ﵹġʩЦ⣬æĽŲմأרСѾ߲ʹ
һۣ΢ЦңĢ́ӡ
˽˼԰԰ǰ֮¼ã԰ĽǽлȪϸ룬ǰֲͥӻԺСŻԳÿҽֻз磬ڿһһŷֻһ齣տģʩǰĶ֮
շԸСŮȥ죬ԼһŨ裬װ״ɲ͵ȥ
Ҿĵģ䣬ҵۺϣʩŽȻĿ¡
Ľһԣյ̧ۣۿϵɾɽ㵹ڻϲ˳ȥ
԰澣պС˳ǹµĴѾߣֱʩչ߶Ϊ˳˵˼ճ˳Ҿ֣
ҹҲǰݸţɱҼƵģ춼Ҫֲ̣
ԭҪյġ˳ͷЦʵ·ϵ̫ˣֵǼˮ·ϻ˵ҲգǱ۸·ֱ۵÷ۡ
㵸ǵüЦƤרѧ˳
ʩģ겻ʮ꣬δԶţ˳ø磬Ŵһ·ȥʶЩʲô˵ǽȤ
ҲһЦһ·϶Ĵˣ
˵˳Цڸսҿȡ
յһۣʩʩȻȥ̵ֶΧ£ͷӶ˵˵ЦЦòڡ
̸Цֻʱ̣ͷƫȣƼ©ѹһʱȥҿһۣȴʩϣͷۣƿ˰ȴɫˮŴǾޱܣֱ۴ڴأָŲյĦ
ͷݵĳ⣬Ӷڰ׻λεͬӰеĲյɫƬչ䣬͸ļӰһ㣬ƼƬϸıƺͱڲдİյˮҲƼǾŲ豭ϸָ͹ԣӯչһ
ҳĴվһ࣬մůϸۣƴЦ˵ʲôȤء
ֻЩлյˣȥȲ衣
áͷˮਾ豭ϣת壬Ҵ¡
ǰԽļ磬ͷ䲻ŵϼľµĲ㣬ȵĺԣϼͷеղסֱ׹
ʲôҲ˳ˡƽͣƤƽ޲ͷɬüĿ续
ʩѰ˼Ƭ̣һֻ޳֣꣬סһˣָࡣ
־ùǾޱܵ񶯣зҷĻ
顣
պͷᣬ򸣬ȫ㴩¡
ʩ֣㵹ϣҲ븩ϣң档
ѡʩչ͸忡ϣü۶չţů͵Ĺ
ΡΡȥĺȥԼȹѶʲʱȴжͣ٣֣ƿɫƽȻỹЩ£ϰա
ⷬһòƼζᣬͷң˵ϣɬѣףһȥ£ּæԼȹϵϣҲƵȳҡ
ʩȥһȴӰϸϸϾЩ񣬼ⳤɿɰԼǺڴԣ㵹ˮϸ֣һɫĲˮҶϣ䡣
ڲϽøɣҲҡ


3 
ʩ˳ȥԺ˳̻ĸϣʩһԸȥȡ˱ܺУһüͿ䣬װҲǴϱߴľǣһܺŶ鷳˷һд񵥣ҪЩʩĸҸš
æЩʷȥϰ˽˱ϸ˲鿴ʩͨң˷ȴĹˬʩȿ˲ᣬֲи룬һ˱ĵļ죬ȴһ˲㿴飬һԺյ裬ʩкƤϣ׵ָ˲ãҲڼңˣ⣬ȫ¡
ЩǷ֮£㲻͡
ίǨͺᡣʩлϿҵܼңñ׷ӽ־---Сá
˵Цڸ⼸꣬õĲ٣ܳסУԭͶʱֻи֮㣬һ㡣ЦǴҪٳּ£ࡣ
ʩǳЦҡͷ˵ؼ龳Ӧׯ軧³£˵Ԫڵﱻ°һ£ʩĬţżҿʩΣʵҿĿ֧Ҿ̵ĶǸС׼ʲôױ
βĶ𡣡ϵϷ˵һܽİβٲû⾰ҪϷҪʱ־ϸʽǰСҴһţʣļױȽĸϡ
ʩף忡֮ɫϷ˼ҵǷݼױҲɼ
Ͽ촹ۺȲ裺⵹ҪϷˣͬޣһһҪôŪ
˵䣬ʩϷԺСߵףϷ˲ǲСūԺϯ棬Ժ÷
ԭ֪ɫѺڣʩ˱ͻع䣬кϣؼԲһԿھơ
Ӧŵ˽ԺֻС԰һµӰ԰ŽأʩϷԺ篵ƣż͸ȹŮΧżŮߴߴ˵Ż
Ǽʩ㸣˸Ƴˣ֣磬
ʲôʩͣסŲĿ˴Բϯ͸ڲ˲յЦ粣ôȥ
Ǵء粵˿ߣٹˣѹ׹á
ȵϵŮŤͷһü˳֮׵ȹŮһЦıȹŮ
ͬ꣬һһβãһϷˣͬһĶף˽СѧԶ۵Բ԰ӪĿӿѧԲͿѧͬѣĹϵ׽Щ
ָβæ˫ֲͣŤͷ磬áֵͷȥæϵĻơ
Ҳ̧ͷӯӯһЦݱ֣硣
СۺɣҲɫƾˣȴǽüڵģʱ̽öɫӣձõһöɿۣǿϣ£ȨӵһС⡣
ʩЦ⣬ȥǵݵǰӣֻ˵ԸðɣòЩ
ɵӡ粶ŷЦԺգɣ¶ȱСӲɡ
մԣǿһЦöӸģЩڨڨĳڣ粽˵Ҳ˼ǲˡ
ʩͣ첻ӣòϴˣµӣֻǸװ̣һ⣬ͷҲⲻȥ
粻ͺáһ˫ٵۿʩ֪ҪЩʲôԺٱԵʹ硣
һææеӴ˽ᣬüӽʺãתЦӯӯʩͷæ𣿡
һЦ˫۱һ˫£ü䣬̶˵ۣ棬ʩЦݣͷ˵æˡ
֣춼ˣȥҪۻۣǽɡ
ü˼͸֣ݣһʩϷ˺ҷ򸾣§ϲС˵üּʩˣʩϷЦ˵˷￴ˣԺţԹ԰ڼƣټ֡
ϷȰʩҹŵңúЪЪ£Ҳֵһա
ʩӦŵĸĽ̻塣
ɿϻѬһӺ죬£һǾޱЦекˣϷˣ͵£ҵҲֻܲȥ롣ҲǸ˵ģڽ˲٣΢ᣬԲԲһֻͷ·͵İţֺֺơ
ϼѵ룬Ц˶ȫˣȥͷϯ棬ϵľɫҳԸԲ
ϯϾƲ˶ȫڳ¶Ҳѳ˷׷°кõͶŮһԺȡ
һʱЦֲϣȲ˳ԵĴ룬ҵʱͶоĺҲ˲ȭϷ롣
˶࣬մȺԲˣԺȲóĵ˸ΧŮСǾ㿴ճԳԷЦ
ճң˶ЦϺǸЦЩʲô˵ġ
չǸиġЦպչ﷢ˣҲҪһˣ̧
װôūźӵģʲôﲻ
Ц֪պôЩˣҲ˵
ϯ˺ȾƳԲˣ˵ЩʩϷ˻ģԵҪɢϯϰʩϷˣִһŮȥҶʳɿ͵͵кʩڴ˵ȥղȫ֪ͼ֪ҪʹԾۣҲ˵ˣسŴĻºһУҲϸײֶŮǣֻŴˣӣһȥȥ
ʩ΢ЦӦ۾ۣѰӸ߱塣
ɿգգ׵ۣԼֶļͷϢ
ϺʩϷˣĿյɿݱʩԼ͵͵˺ַҲҪѾǰʹѣԸ͵͵Сţȥ
ת֣Сӣ۴Сţɿǰãţɿϲƣ˿ˣѩҹ룬ా£´
һڣһͷѩƣĸͼ
ɿǻϲ̧ȥСţŸ׹٣£ǿС룬ĵＸŹʣ̧ǺԹҵĸģԭˣضûиϢѰ˼·˲ɡ
Сӣڱ𴦣ɳɷˣﻹСС
·ϣ²øТɿǰ§ˣ͵˸죬ҵĸΣҹŵļңѰ㣬Ƭ˼ôǵñڽ
ѩһƿԼޣתݣ˼ʲôϵҳ˲ҡ
ɿĽŲݣýգһԶţҲЩ⣬Ҹ˽ôյĹ
մӻͳҵĺɰһѱѩȥһԭĸ׺ͷеʽ档
ɻ⣿ɿɫתԹΪϲǰ§뻳ôҲֵʮӣ͸á
ѩĿƵĶͷһȥЩʲôöó
ɿֻ㴽ʣµĺöѲɾͼˡ
ʱʰƲ˽Цӭӭк˺Ⱦƣ˲ϯյƣ˴ʣƤƤ⣬罺һš
Ъʩ˶ɢʰ˳ȥ粻ʩӰֻúȻ˼԰ʰʩҵѬԲʩȥѰ֪ʩֺһȥá
ʩҹŻأԽԺϣҹľůֹǣҲƣ˳ɫ԰ȥһڵŮ죬Gᡣ
ռæˮźϴʩҹﴩ£ԼȥԸҲЪɡ
㣬ֻع£˳ȥˮ£̧ͷͥɫˮϴ
ڶʩȥӣ˵Ļֵ˽ͷȥתգæĽŲմء
˵ҲǸδڵˣȣʵкܶ˵ĸ꣬¶ҪһиãǰﰵһֱſȥźЩλңԽԽúŪˡ
һҹңʩϸ˸ƤյǶСģ˵Ǹȥ͵ˣô¡
򿪰ԭһ׵Ӵ£ˮһĻ壬ʩѣɫǳдңˬ£ԼбƻԭΪȾɣһ֪һüϸ˿ȥĻ
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չѣҲɵ̾С߻ҲͷĲ
ʩѣ΢΢¶һЦ⣺ʱģ˶á
ˣűһģ˼㣬˻ᣬ԰ȥˡ
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4 
ʩ緹ʳ嵭ϰڵǰࡢSһ𻪻⡢һѼһ͸顢С̲ˡ
ԲźϷ˰࣬ǹ粣ϲһԺʺ밲ĬϷ÷
ʩ˼°׵Բ°̬ʩʩȻ۽΢Цʩ񣺡ĸʺá
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ĸļҵȶȼ˰ɡʩĲɣҪߣʱˣͷ£Щĸ˵
⺢ӡÿζ˵ǡ
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ʩһмЦмУƷһ⣬˸˵·⽭רΪĸ㣬ŶСʱԹٸó
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飬ȥѰӣȴ˿գֻʰᣬʩֹסݹһʪϡ
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ģԸл硣
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ĬĬע̶ˮ΢΢һЦĿ
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ϣˣĺһЩѽ


5 
ϸϸʩ˵һʱ磬飺յȸˣȥ԰Ѱˣ
ͷæУþ
þһЦŪ˸ӣϴٻɡ
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֮ױϻӸУͬʹ˵ģϷȥļͷ棬ԭԭĻ˻֪ʩʹʲôӣϷ˸ǰ˵ЩʲôʩϷ§˻ᣬֽ
մīִؼ㣬½֮һһ㣬嵥˽ս
һϣ˫֧ÿ嵥㣬һ۵ĽУϸ˺üգڳһǽǺӴ򿪡
һԲֻʣһֵ֪ƣֻСã׺һ˫ʯĺۣ֣̬䡣
Ϊãɼ˲˼ԴЩ£Ҫ뷨ͻȥ
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ðԽԽãһжõ·ߣӵеĶԽԽ࣬ƯѡΡѣԺиɷ
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ʩڷڻѣԸȥ˲裬ԼϵЦɸˡ
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ҹңպʩס󼱾ƣ©Ѷ̣ɿһؼȥ
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ʩ´أ¶ţ壬խݣʵ಻ڣȥԡ
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С㲻ˮˮԽԽˮȥԵĴȥСˮгץסĴ壬ˮѶСģСʱѾɫϣһϢ
ۡ
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6 
תۼţȣһިľ
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ʩûĸҸڵҪӦٲͷϷ˳棬Ϸ徻Ůֻϡæޡ
˺ԺҪʩӦڼܱѹסҲüǴ֮ʡ
ȻվʩЩԲ˳ʩϷҲʩȢ֮⣬ֻѣԼĸ˵о͵ܵüˣҲ࣬ӺƣԺ֮½ãЩ֮ܵöðЩҪˣٲҲҪѧŹܼҡ
ʩϷ֪һ䵱̣桢Ƹ»ƣæóң޷֣˵ǧأĸȰ㣬ĸˣȥǵű˳ĸԸɣöҪޣҲҪȥ׼ҼûˣܹЩ㡣
ʩŲյͻȻһЦ΢΢̾ĸĪֲǲȢÿõİɡ
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ʩһ˫֣֪Ҫϴ֣ȥͭ裬ֽǰͷЦȻϴ֣Ժڷ̴š
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һϲ극ҲŸ룺㣬Ҫ
ʢ
˿ˣЦȫֹϲԺˣżҲϲء
ʩϷҲЦ𣺡Ժ̾˹ãҪܵЩżǶˣعأҪµģԼ
Цǡ
ʩͷ˿ƳЦ⣬ȸԾڴ΢΢һЦ


7 
ͬסСС󲻴¥¥¹ӣ¥ǽ֮Сһ¥Ͷ廨֮ã˸һŮºͱ꣬Ҳˣ˶࣬ԵЩӵ
Ԫˮÿҩ㲻ϣ֮̽Ĵᣬ粲ͷҹԼĸﴦЪҹӣһ˶סС
ﳣȰԼŮԼӲסÿĸҪ˵㲻عأװװôһ¥ø㡣
С꣬˼ȴֱ࣬üţҹﶼҪһҲͷȰ˶ֻ࣬ñһź򣬽һ꣬ʱҪԼʰӣҲҪס󡣡
ֵûˣճȥĸᣬᵽȥЩҲЩ
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˵ĻˡƿԼ֣ǹܵģϴ˺öƱ
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粼ͷʹͷǲã˦־ߣϻȥ˵˦һ
ĸŮɫĬĬһͷ̾ûûӰ£ԺֶðȥͼӴ׵Ⱦ󺦵ĻԼ
ʲôϵü
㲻ˣڱ˵л˵㣿ҲϴСҲҪ̸ۼޣĳ£żѵô
ֺȰúõİᵽʲôǴסĵطˣһ˵ġ
粰ѵ⣬ƵӦŹǧ˰ΣԼС
СŴСһƽŴűֱһɣһָʹȥ赹ˮһҪЬȥĲڡ
Цôˣ
ͷϣûС
ͣסƣǰȥ߶㣬Ǳ۸ˣʲôˣ⡣
ҪܣԼͳˡƿӰŵŵ¥
ıӰ΢΢̾̾ʱ꣺ôˣ
ҲҡҡͷСǺƢ
ü
ǰգʣµһңʱ£ȥ԰԰ȥСſ𣿡
԰СƽնʩпգػῪֱ԰ȥʺĸСſˣȻڼϾ
һ̽˻԰ڶ̽һۣȥ𣺡ء
ʰ䣬ѣȥ硣
ʩкüնͷֻ棬ԡ£֪æҲ֪֮ǰѾԡģϻմ֬
յ˿գʩ˳ڼ԰׼㣬ԸȥңĿ˳ź裬ֱߵһԻò
˳£ڣԾĸ˹ȥڻӰ˵
ЩӲ㣬Ŵæʲô
˳ǺһЦûæʲôǸŸܣͷӿˣӦԡ
ءʣܲڳæ
Уд½ʶЩѣ˵ǽӵܣĺܣʱһȥκ;
ȥЩطնʡ
˳ŤŤ磬ڣ̣˼Щʲôֱ˵ͳɣⶫһһצģʲô˼
ǡǰҹһҹδ顣
˸˽ԺŮ⼸նǡ˳ģŹĪˡ
һЦҲ䡣ʣǸʲôǵôģ
Ҳˣ̶ġ˳ͷֻʮ֮һ
ЩƣҸ˼ұô
˳һ̶ߣͱˣʲôʴȥɣ¥ԾƣʲôҲ֪
ЦһвþҲڡ
ԺĬĬվ˰Σ򴽣ͷϵĻΣͷⷬ˭Ҳû
µͷ֪
űƹԻ֦ȣЦʣô
ڶʰ߳ӭͣСˡ
ս㡣ЦҪȥĸǣ˳硣
ҿ飬Сȥ
ʩ̽ΣЦδã
ҵһһյʩввþԼⲽȥóһֻյڰ齵Сϣϰɡ
վſЬȹէȻ¶˫ű̺ɺİ࣬ȹڸǣ鲽ңȻһЦǻϲ⣬綼ֻӸҵȡ
裬𱡱ƤǰĲյʽÿŶӦûϲÿ԰ֻƬ̣ȴǵֻӡ
ԺҾűװᣬȥ񣬼ҳ۵߰㣬¾ɣϧ︧ƽСϣЦÿÿʱ򣬶Ƽǰĸ԰֣ϬƵġ
ʩҲɵһЦ⻰˵Ŀȥˡ
ºȲ裬Ǹ廨ǶʯңɸʩǰЦ쵽ˣ˸ҩңԸܺ塣
ʩңζЦʣǵУǴС
ҲЦɫǶΪġ
ʩңǰᣬڱƬԺۣȻ˼ޣͷ㱻ƬıʴŰ˿ɳƣˡ
ɫ΢΢򴽣ЦҹϣڴҲɣǲϲζԶԶڴϣЮһ˿档
áңҩڵ΢գЦͷ
ĿڰϵϣǸǰѧʵ飬ô⸱ģˡ
˿ᣬѾûˣֻǵԺ˯ˡ
ѧʺܺõģǰд֡޲ϧˮ,̣ҼƯ֡
ˡʩʣдô
ɫ⣺дġдĲÿÿﻹʣԱǰһ㡣
ڽʩ֮ǰֻŤŤдԼ֣ʣʶһ˫֣ʩÿѧ֣ſϣڲܳ˳д֣ʱƧ֣ҲҪ䡣
أЩʲô飿
ǰЩ徭塢˵ĽֶˣʱóһϾʱҲЩġ
ͷ΢̾ǶˣҲԽǶдˡ
ֵյÿգȥЩͨȤʫ֮ơ
鷱ߣ鷳硣ЦԲ糣ӼܿѾкܶˡ
ɫ΢Ц׼ҺʱͣæľȻ֪׼ңʵڲá
ҧ꣬ɬ΢Цǰտҷ٣ȥԾƣףҸԲҲڣ˵˼仰
һЦʣԲôòǲֳЩҼǵԸʮʱ򣬸һ۱ҪһСأҪѡ
ߣôÿ궼ڳǿЦԲ翴ŵûô䣬ԭǰҲܴ
̧һۣԺҲ÷żռ٣һ۾ۣú˵˵
΢΢ųһЦݣֻҪȥۣԲҵӾǼҵԲֻ࣬ǴһֱæӦøæЩɣпգܼһ档
΢΢һЦȷʵæ
ʱһյ裬ǣæҲϸЩ𰾻壬𲻴Ϣ
ʩҲ˼԰ԼֻҶңŨҩ
ԶԶ˼԰ǷűվĴһűȥС԰ȦŲ΢΢꣬¸󣺡С㣬Ҫˣȥôʲô¶ô
ͷ΢΢üʲô˼ء


8 
꺣̺̫ƽʢʵĶѽڣ֪ӣҪ֣ͬų˷иŵĽۣ۾°Ϊ֡
ˮͣʮֻۣǵ񻨻ʡƮ۱бߵĽýԾԾԣʣչ;ʢһ죬ϼҴڣŮףװ޷²罫һ·ˮйͨ
ʩҵĲԲš׼ңҲݰһ˵ʼ֮δĻʣֻһӣһָп˵Ůһ
ԴԪڳ֮ʩŮٳţ֮ˣ粺ͷ꽥ҲҪЩճˣ˶װŹЦȥ
ڿѵŶϱѦѩСŮɽվ˵ĸŮȺһЯͷ֣ȥ粣ЦϵŮ绨ʵۡ
ҵ԰Ӫģͨ˼ңҵΪʵ϶Կѧʮ⣬˿ˣЦ׼̫ʵڣֻ˵ҵĺã˵Լҵҿɽ㣬Ǵͷۺϲ
Ц¹ܹ󸮱ָһӣǺõġ
ڽöЦ
ǰ˽߰ʣùƷʱŷ˴Լϱ޽壬ѵЦź͹кϷ˽ղ
Ϸ⼸նի𣬲óǼ׼ңݵõʺãҲ׼̫̫ȥᡣЦϷֻǲţߣż֣ҲǸ˵ġ
ááŷЦ˿գӣһ𿴿ʩϷˡ
ŷһۿй𣬼Ŷ÷һȹͤͤЦǰ
ЦȰݹŷˣٰλżɩӣɩ֮ңòͨѧʶˣɩС֮Ůļãɣһһңŷߡ
ɩҲһһǣ֣Цʺãδһ˵ʮλŮ죬֮ŮǣϲСЦ̣ˡ
Ů˵䣬пǱжӵĽŲܿʺ
áɩʺá˵ӣҳӿԷʮģĸߴòͨһ˫ȴӨ
ʩҽǰӦ˺ãżλɩɩǵһ н
Ӻˣʮ߰ģһߵĸһİ˹ģЦһķ棬£ǿѧԲˡ
ŮǼˣЦϣϲ뽹ģҲǣһԼô
ֻɣ·ԲͿѧЦãʺá
Ҷ˸ˣߥ𣺡үǲ·ѿڿˣȥǺȡ
ֻ˺ЦͷԲǻϲۣӵƳһۣŤͷȥ
Բϴμףҷٳ׷ǹʣ۰Ͱ͵ȥף٣ÿպ˵˼仰ʱߴӣͷ޹ǧ۾ֻƳڰ֣Ҳʣúȡ
ȻͲסһЦҿǼСŮ̬ǾȤѾ¶ֻżȢȡЦʣǿʵģǺȱɡ
޷ֻþŮֵ֮²ȥѧԲ˿ڣȡЦһأŸ
пֻпֵ˺ԲڣԭšҵļкۣżҵȥʩҲδҲ֪ʩȥδֻ𣺡˵εҲδ֡
ҡҡͷҼδ磬಻֪ںδ
ʱˮ޹ԭʱѵɫ۶ͣˮ棬ÿʮ֣һ£ˮ滮һˣߺ죬۾ǰ
˶רĿ£ƮƮĵסߣǱʱʱĿ𴽽ǺЦĿбӵĶˮ涯ԲĶɩӶײײЦÿһ۰ɣԲǧأһĲʹ㣬ٲҪɸˡ
Ȼ΢ЦŴ˳ŶĿȥԶԶԲȻһЦ౨֮һĿ⽻֮ʣ˴˶޹ģ쳣
һԿһ˫ˣֻԼСĿճգЦüȡЦԼСӣȻԲһ˫ӨۣҷææջĿ⡣
ٿһۣԲͷС֮Ͳסŷ˵ͷ˺ȥЩТĸס
ʮָմˮӶδŷ֪ԼҶӵ˼Ц˿Ժ飬֪۹Ҫıۡ
Цӯӯĺ𣺡֪ۣһȥЩá
ѧҲҪȥֻԸˣǼĪԶˣ
˵ͷü˳۵ĸԲߣѧһվȴһֱǰԲһֱͷ
ߵ˫죬̧ͷЦӦԲ硣
ֵ͵͵һϱ
Ϸ죬ͷС¹ײϹ˵ʲôѽ
γϹ˵ԲվߣƸδŵӣҵϱ
Һ޲裬վͰȢؼңʡձ˼ˮ
ˮעͷ鳱ӿߺ죺ҲӿЩ
㿴ңҿ㣬ԲĿĿüδ㣬ֺֻӡģһ
ҧôһ
ˡ̲סЦһһЦͶ㣬ǲһϼâǷ顣
ͷһЦŸңȴԼģҸأ
ԲЦ̣ͳӲ򿪣¹ϲ࣬ʱʱó
ֺЦаңֻΪõģôˣϲҸˣ
õһһߣҶ䱦
վһǶŮ鳤˽˵²˼
վƬ̣ЦҪȥԲס·С˰粢ߡ
ʩڲ¥Ϻ˵˸⳪ɫͨȴһˮĺɤӣת͵֮⡣
һ񿴴⾰ɫ˴սС˺Ȳ衣
ʩջĿ⣬ϣҼҲͷҲֻмǮǿת̨˵ŷ·ĳ
˺ǺһЦС˲ٿǿǣ񽭶Ӫ˵ĸҲ٣׬ͷҲֲٺôá
ʩͷͷ˺һᣬҪߡ
˼Բһ䣬ͷ¶ˮһֻˣʱĺŮͷŮ
㡣ǺŮŮЦĳŶ֣㡣
áҾϲĸأ
Ůǣס֣ĸԼߡ
ұáЦ˾һҾþӽ꣬ǰӾ˾ȥɽΣȰú;ĸڽϼҡ
Ů󷽣һһȺŷˣԲʱӯӯһݣԲ硣ּЦʣСɩɩô
𱻵ƣ˸ͨ졣
ŷ£ЦӯӯʣĸУ֪ǳҵȥݻǡ
ĸ衢ȥֻǼﻹδʰ׵ֻٵȵȣҲĸ׳ſˣЦĸ
ʩҲ˲ͿԷѧԲʶѹȥŮ죬Ϻκأ˫ʪ֪Ȼ˵ЦŮ


9 
бһƮݵ೤ﳤۣ촽㺬Цţ嵭ֻŷд⣬Ϊļҹӣ֪ʩҵǸˣּĿӣֹ壬΢кøС
˰ΣЦĸˣһĸף˼ǸѮ⣬ͷĨڵ٣ɫòδ˥Żͻҫ۵ӽ׺ȹ󻹸ӣء
ŷ˼ˣϲѣӭȥȰ˰ݣкòˣʺá˿ſһҲδ䣬ͼǰһ
԰Цеȥǣŷ˵ֺѣּڼҿɺã
Цӭӭĸǰ
Ů춼֪ǹټ̫̫Ʒˣǹ԰԰ϸ˵ּԲǰҾ̫̫ЦδԲѾߡҼǵǰԲǲߣ¿ŵ߳ӡ
ŷЦͰ˻ؽ꣬͵Ĵܸ࣬һѶ֪˶ء
԰Цת۶ŮУǶˣ˵ԲҲ׼ңļҵŮĸ
ŷʱ˷衣
Բһۣ԰ӯӯһݣǳЦŮ˲裬ϹϾݸ԰ˣ밲˸
԰˽ӹѣЦӯӯһۣǰͼԲվϸŮϸûĳɫòЦݼ˻ϲǽ˿ѷɫ
Ӳ˿ڣ̾ŷ˺øִö˶ݸһصӣͬŷЦ⺢ѣ۹ã¸ǰһұųҲûЩʲôöµһֻ˶͸⺢ɡ
˵ЦŷҲϲ̫Ĳ裬ĸ֣ٸʹͣСҲܲĺ񸣷֡
ǿԲģһںҲĸֶӵһ⡣
ӽӹ˶ݸһ⣬С°ɡ
˵㶣̧ۿ˿ŷ΢΢ͷ˶԰˴˻˹ߡ
˵һ԰˼˶࣬ūͶվţǣҪȥͬŷ˵пȥ󸮰ݻᡣ
Ҳ֣ý㣬پۡ
ĸŮЯִǱ˹ͣǸݽ˵ֻͷˣ۷ɨоùŹ֣ͷ͡
԰һߣڵ˾ɢһϰЦ̾ĵ̫̫ôǣӾ͸ˣͷվ˲١
ϯ˲ֻһỤ̊Ҳ֪˭ЦƷ̫̫ŵȻҪЩ
ŷ˿ڲ裬һ۷ɨԼҶӣɨеĽˣϸϸ۲òֹвЩο
һֲ˵ٽ磬ʩԸȥ¥ƳʳҪЩӣձ괬ƳγεĴˣ̧ŮǳʣԳԹЩ룬Ҫȥ
᲻ԲԲԣ֪ۺķ֮࣬Ǳģ޶Щ㷲˵ͻȻһᣬԺǰ飬пʱҲҵݸϢ
Բעͷ÷ģҸдš
ףԺΡ
ʱæʲôҽһһ⡭ֻæϲ¡
üЦЩõ
üĿ飬ϧϧʩԸ׵ǰվţãתԲ򣺡飬ԺƱҪУŲҰü޸㡣
ԲͷʩҾʹãԲмպٱ顣
ʩ΢ЦԼãֻ˵Բɲˡ
һ츮ţʻ븮ţ԰˴ڳϡ
ɿԲŮվһ˵õĻŸǰȥкָԼ´΢̾Բǰ࣬Ҳ࣬ңҲǵ˵ͷȫȻûСʱڡ
ʧ䣬΢΢Щѹ͹ĸףǵҺԲ֡
ԲС飬СʱŨǰŷԲԼȢĵǸ˵ģ˭£ȴ԰ίؾˡ
ҲΪһġԲȷŲֻǸķӣˣǮѿֲּңסһѵԸ;˹һӼСԺ½ʳûʹĿӣҲƷԱżҵ粻ǾƷԱԹֻи߼޵ȢȥżңԼҳԿżռ˺á
ŤͷԲ֪Ժ󲻻ɻڴǰҲֻǸĸҲǼˣôŮ⣬ӾƷף֮
ֵǸʩҴ翴󣬳ֺãȻĸӣԽŮ޸ˡ
԰Ƴֻ̻ԼмǮң㲻ñ£ٺãΣվǵһȣ޹ȥ˸˹̫̫ҪݣҾǰŮϣҲˡ
ŮѾʮˣĸҸʵģʱѾϵݶûˣϹŮͷһƣɹٶˡƣʱ˳ĸԸ
԰ЦѾͷڽټЩӵܸ㿴󡢾Ǹ֣檡Ǹûѧʣϼ̫ԶǸ㵽ҪΡ
ͷҲ꣬ҲֻһӣҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬˭֪ƵƵԼ˸ͷԵĽֻ۸ߣز֪ĵģĸ׾㿴ۣĸеģֿϡ
԰ǰżʮ꿪ʼ࿴ȥĶɣԼɷִȥɽΣԼڽȥɽɷȥɽĻ»֪ҪϵʱٴЩٲҲҪЦ
ĸ˸зĴ˼иԻطԣ޻˵
ʩҲ˼ţ˵仰Ҳʩкһűȥ
üͷ΢֪Ʈںδ˵ܣԼĻҲЩ⣬סá
ֱǰ֪ŶסŲͷգۣȻЦ绹Ը𣿡
΢΢һЦǰ£ֻõĶڵϣʰ
ȥеСУԲʱеһ֬Լ³ʱĲɵ˳ϣ𽫶ڻУ΢⣺лл硣
ʩ΢΢ףÿ
˰˵˼ƤԼȥ󣬿齣߲ɢϣȥ˼
Ҳű󣬼ѵϣȡЦղǿôּԲ磬ֵ˹̫̫͵Ľ˶ôЩֵġ
Щˡṵ̈ӣ˻һһɣȥĸʰҸЩȥĸ
粵ô˵һϻӻڶˣҲȥЪЪ
˹뷿ʵ벻͸ʲôֻԼɣԵڴ䣬һ˯ĲȣʱǰһƬڣģģ޹գգۣÿʣѾ򣬻£ʲôʱˣ
ȻҹˣСһ˯˺þáЦСɲЪˡ
ԷһС쾮ިƴ찵ɫɫ۵Ҷϸü΢΢̾δ⽭Լһ
ʩҹﻻѣӼ԰ȥռҪߣ󣬶һ䣺ҹô
һۣ˹㲻ҹزصҲ˵
ձãͷҲڣͷһ֪˵ЩʲôҲ޻˵Ťͷ˼԰
ֵʩЦɣǰŸȥŴˡƣȥš
Ц裺Ӫãȥһ⡣
Ņ̀١Ц⣬ūüδóţյ˴͵ˣϲĲ֪ôãһ÷ָǳ
ѾͷСʩЦϲ
ūǰƹϣ٣ѻѻ޽ĸ䣬ϰȹӺ˼̬
ʩڣߴЦ˸Ҳˡ
ʩϥ§סһ㣺
һոµľܣһ˫Ů忡˹ģŮ㣬ΡΡϥϣƣָߡ
Ҹơ˳ԡūŵ鷢죬סĸŪ
ءδԾȡֻ֣˵˵ֻѰֶʱᣬʱ壬ȫȻмܲס
ڵģôȥˣḶ̌Ϣȣۣ˵˵
ȥˡȥˡ֬ˮֻۡһ޳ָù⻬ļ
ڳв̧ͷһ¹ڳɫģŮȴһİ룬˲ֻȻȤ
´Ҵ£ֻ˼԰յˮԡڱĿЪϢĿյͻȻڣҪ˳
˳ҴǰԼСӱĿΣͻȻǸ԰ˣﶼЩʲôˣ
˳ɶĺУͷԣһʩȥҸʡ


10 
˳Ѱ˸ԼȥͷӣǮӣȥʩ
ͷӪ˼ҵĺԺһ˫ۼ룬ҲЩǮĹڲ¥Ӱ´£ȴβ˵һŨ󣬷иԽ԰˼ңʲôˣ
ͷӵԴˣǽˣԭֽ̻ƾ٣ףڽΪأȢ׹ϣүֻһŮ»ʵǻߪѧ֮ʿүǨɽͬͨһְܴͰˣ·;ңԶүͻؽ٣պȺٽȥۣͬͬլֻðˡŮͬסһ˷̡
ĹүңֻһŮǷ檰ɡ
һЦȲ裺԰𣬴ƣ˶˵ĺֳ޳Դ檣ֻǲ֪ģһֱûϢˡ
ʩʣ԰˰Ů˼Ҳ
˵˹񣬴ĦǴ̽ɾЦδѰˣֻòҪõģţԼŮ԰ҲļÿԺȲ£ҪЩῡš
ʩ԰˺ŷɫֻܿӣĽֵżңԴ˼ǾʶŮ궼£вŮòû˵˵ϡ
Ҳ˵Ϲֻǲɰˡӵ԰˼ŴŮȥ꣬ʰµżҺ¿ҩ̵ʩҽˣҲ͹ˡ
ʩԼжūͣһһ˵ˣ˳Σʣиǻ·֣ŵһ㡣
ͷѰ˼һЦС˵ϲɣǰ԰ף̵֣⽭ϣԭǸҵãʮǰͻ׼ˣɷڽ꿪˸̯̯֧Դ˼ҵǰǰɷԼ˻԰˿ÿﻹ븮ź򡣡
⽭֣ﰵԾ׽һѾ˼ƽϣͷӣѰȥ̽Ϣ
ںŲÿֻʩϷңٺͽüˣĥա
ȣ꣬С԰ˮ̶ʯˮ̶˯ﰵˮ߾պ¼֦ˮǵԾ੡
СŴش¶Ѭİݣӣڴ˰۵Ჱ֮ʣ֣ҧϣ㣬ЪЪɡ
ɹͷ־Ůڴҡȣ¶ѩ÷֦࣬÷Ⱦɵ糺һۣ۽ɹСУһ㵹ᡣ
˵
ÿģܵһѩϲգȴ
ļҶģͷ硢Ļ㣬ֵġбѩ룬ͷ룬üʲôô
Ҳûʲôֻȣܰˡ
һסںַֻļݣһ⣬ʮһСŮһϴշӣ˶סıЩȴҲûзӣҲ죬ҪԼӣϳͷֱۣǰһ˺ôһ
Ͷ˽½ͷͷżӣǮˮһ㣬ֻ޳ȥˣַ¹סŮŴ˻ģָԼױӣЩĻ
ɫҡҡӣ粳ȥﴦЪ棬һӣ˵ĽöûУͬסͬͬҹһĲˡ
ҡҡͷ򴽵ҲãҲǿͣס
ҡ˾ͺѽ˵죬ٵһأ߳żߣӹöѽ
Ҳʣһس⣬ٵȵҲüЦͷҲֻż޳ȥˣηΣҲԸٻˡͰÿÿ棬ҪһܣΪҼױΪõ£ţҲܡ
Ҳ֪ôοֻõԼ˵ĸǶ˫ݵĶأǼгŮҲܿ
̾Ľãĸ㣬Ҳ㣬ȵһء
˵һǣţ³˺һ񣬻ϣﾲĵģԱ뻹ϣҲ֪ȥ˺δд˸ǷֻĿԣϣֳ˱򷢳⡣
ʩͷİ׵һŶ룬û龰Ůϼ£ϸ˷־סݣϵֻվ顣
гƵƤϼС֡׿ʹűᷢЦȥ˯屳ᱡסɫȴιĹϵϣ¶ǼɫӦǱ͸篺ӣȻĵɫ͸ڰͷ
͵ۻҵɫʣ࣬ٻƣʲôɫֻҪϾɫӳ£ǾĶǵĽޡ
˺ðΣеŵȲ޲ὣһ徻ϣеĸЩ֪ˣ֪ˣ֪ˣýҲ֪һ˼
´ӺԺˣ廪ݵӣüۣŰչӰһֳѾõȣű飬죬̧ƳֵȴѹȣĮˡ
ʩ£һ۵ʩͷ΢壬ŵԺߡ
𲻹ǴԼ죬ΪǱ£Ҳ⣬Ϸ˸
Ʈڵأ¶°ݣ껪ഺٰЩҪҪǡĺĺ⣬һһζڵϣڵķü۵̣Ĵѩļ
˱⣬ðɫȥ׺ģҪĹģѪƷۣһĵʳܴһʳɫʣ˾ǰ㣬ֻʣһ߰׹ǼܣǼܶʣȫ̽չŸǣãӯɫʺԼΪһ塣
С¯ˮŨĲ㣬ʵ̫Ȳ裬رŨ裬һ⣬ˮע뱭ŲζԺ˸Ƿµȵ죬ʲô
ǷסڿڵĶҲסߵһֿ飬һյȲ裬΢ЦǰĽϷȸ裬ĸͺȿˣ⵹һҲû
ֶеҳԲ飿
𼱼ӹڷϣһڵأͷϰٺɢڼͷʲôʱġ
ո¡
ӣԼķææȥ䴰߿﷭ӣǵһСڴ˴ʱȥȴӰ
ѾͷҲ֪ȥĶ͵ͷŮֲ¶ֻĵ£ָᣬͷ޽ǣȥʩ˵
ʩǱ׿ʹ׿Ůͷּ٣һЦ΢΢ҡͷ¡
˰ݣʩߵ£װŭ缴ҪôңҪô£˯ţԸ迴
ƳƳ糺裺뿴㾿˯ʲôʱ򡣡
΢ϹüĿչβɣƺѣȵ죬Ӻδ
üֻĸ˻ᣬĸ˵ţ˳㡣
֪ĸ˲ýţ࿴£ʮа˾Ǳٻȥý˵ĸŮˣ
ҡͷǿһ۵ģá
֥ɩɩҲضҲҪУޥʡ
ȿڲ裬̧ۿȻһЦü𣬲һʡ
֣ϸۣ۽ǣƤ΢΢ˬüԵ÷гü׵к͵˹ġ
ͷڲյʣҼϲѲãӶæ
ͷҺһ廨Щ
£Ųյ˰Σдʱ䣬Щɣ𰾻ۡ
ƺ̾޸Բĵסô
ǹϵȻ׺ȴδ޻˵һֱƣ򴽣ֻ˵Բ缫á
ʩͷƬ̣԰Ҷ
֮һţĬһ飬ȼ𣬽վ
⽭ˮģŮҲĽᣬǸ֮أˮ·ͨغӲŲ˽ӣˮС¥סľԹӪ̻ŮӣС¥¶Сۣ˵㹻ӣڴҸС¥ЪЪţ丽ɽˮʤܽůʮɢɢò²̰̻ͣҲŮͬУŮӼҵСۣŶߣҹ۴Ѱ֣ǲˣŮӳԼСٷ⽭
ʩǸҩĵ̣··̻֮أ̻£࣬ƣԭŵطҩĺ󣬻سٹ⽭գµ飬δ⽭ͻ˽ҲǶ֮Ժ
ϣʩƼ·⽭꣬ŽʱȴڱСŮЦ
ԭʩƴǱ֮ʣȻ̥ᣬʮ裬һŮ£˵壬ŮδֽĹϡ
ʱȷʵУȥҩ̥ҩ̥ȴһֱδ̥ʱȫýӼöգʱҲʮµĺѩһŮӤ£ҪӿͰŮӤ¹ţŮֻ˽ӡ
СŮһ˫Ц̣СƣĹɣ飬ʩ۰ѣȡֽʩ𣬾ղһĸŮֳǮĸŮ˴ؽĸݲ潼ˣӻҴʩҡ
ɶ£ɫѣӻ꣬ʩϷ˵ͷĸŮ˴ʩ
ֻΪ˷˿ֻ࣬˵ĸŮ⽭ɵң͸¶˽ӵ飬ȥʱʱܶԵϣҲʩҵĹ⡣
԰˼ҵ֣ãҲʲôɾطӤţƤ⣬˽ҷͻ˽ӣôһӵͻڽˡ
չ꣬ϳ
ʩ֥ùӵľ£Ҳӣֻɫȴ˼ڴ


11 
ĵļ꣬żҰԺǽѹٺü迪޵˯Žͤ׮ӣŷ˺ԼɷԶԲȢףҲһȻԺ󲻺ӭ¸԰üҲˮŽˣҲޡ
Զæȥѧãɡ
żŵڣϴĻ԰լӣռز󣬵ɽͤôЩ궰ҲЩϾˣʮǰ޹һΣһֱССŷԺţϱﱲӱ㲻ס뽫԰ԲһݼɽʯŲߣ᷿ʹá
ԲԺĸҪ԰ᣬЦºð죬βҲҾ԰ӪģݶɣΪֺãۼ
ŷҲ˼ԲҪţҪĶȥ
ԲЦԼźͿѧȥ
ŷ˹Ҫŷȥ𣬴Ķͷѽ¶ˣ㻹ͷţЩ˼ѧϣǸá꿼Уǿ˫ϲţͷҲˡ
֪Ц󣬡ĸײģ
ţֺĸ˵ȥͿ˵һ԰ӡ
պһţҲԶֻȥԼ¿ľ̿ЩӣԭʩٰȥºǮо⣬ǰ¿˼ӣԭ棬ǰ괬ʮ󳵵˿񣬾ʹ˿ӭ͡
ʩĸ˵£ֻ˵ϲãЦ΢ЦҪӣҲЩʱǡ
ЦŤͷ˿ʩϷˣҲ뿴ӣҲ뿴ӣ˵Ǵ綨ĵʽĥĺ͵ذ壬񻨴޵ĵȼӻЩ
΢ЦʩϷһԵȥҲã˶ȥüˣѾͷڼҲδ
ҲڡЩ˳ţϺĵģж٣ûؼұǡ
˴˱£ִϲ͸֣õԼҵδСˣȸϲ˰÷ʣȥ
ӵĻ֪նСҪ¥׼˲ˮͣû뵽ͷĹĳڣٶҶһĺòһһ
ϲѡ˺üӣָ˺ЩûưסôʲôֲǷѵʱ򡣡
ŶϲߵʱòţպТĸ沣Ȼô
ھĥ˰գʱ磬ųȥһᲱӵȺ
΢Ц򻺼
͵ĻߣѧԲǰҾԺãá
Ҳδ³ɣڴ˴ˡ
ԺѮ٣ȥѰЩҪ飬λôӺδ
ȥ￴Щӣϲѡ
ϲҲԴĺ򣬶򡣡
˶Щ˼Ĺ꺮ů¼ӷԲһո¡˵Ľ֡ݸ𣺡еǱ˺Щ꣬ҿµرֽӲЩҲЩ˱
ֵݹһֽʲиСõݩЩԸ⡣
ѧҲݸһյյɶ˵ҹҲߣҪϸЩ۾͵Ѭ۾յ͸Щ
˺һлֻ˸
ֽݩ˷ʳϲҲһ飬ЦӯӯС͹ү˹˹ģ󷽣һԡ
һЦϲ˸ݼĸֺ˵һػŻԼ
Ǻһġ˵Ľ֡ѾͳһϣϸϸģɵûһЦÿҳֽϾһֱ̿ʼ΢Ļ׿ִһ࣬߶߶š
âֿǲԾЦ⣬ϸϸҳζֻͷޱȿֻ֣ʱտתء
¼ԼСǰҲ֪ЩʲôϹЦ⣬С㣬ˣū澽Ƶϰɡ
عʰֽǱɵġ˵Ľ֡ݸ£ⱾЩˣСŷյȥɡ
µͷȽϣЮ鱾ߣʱ˻ԭǳһ֦ǽͷϸжģ̧ʱδˮء
֦鱾һԣ˸߲ҵĽӹǵӣлӣŵ¥ȥС㣬֦ˡ
ʩżϿӦ꣬һ֬ζϿЪڹԺڣԭȥֶҹ֪ôָ⣬ղס˳ʹӡ
ʩǳ֣ЦնС͹ү˵Щʲô
ֻ˼䡣ү˶Сһ飬һʳǳ򽫰龰ʩƬ̾ˡ
ͷۣڳϣüϸ۽ţʩǰ˳԰ȥ·ȴͣ˽Ųʹ˳ȥ֡
գԷ˸͹ÿżҵš
ӭ˵ŷˣæѣ˶˲裬ϱͶػĸߣĸȥӭˣŮ˵԰ӵˡ
˾ʱǰᶼʰһ
ͷҴǰݺ㣬ǿȥŨͷۣÿ϶մ˹ζó棬ҹ˯Ҳȡ
Ǹͣ԰ҲҶˣЩԵá
ǰԺŷ˺ͿԷѣԷ࣬ȴҲ˿ˮ⼸бĻƣæĳ鲻ֶָͨһֶȥ԰ӷᣬĪײԺŮǡ
ŷ˲ʹŮȥͨȹһյ裬ŷſԷ㿴˿Է԰ңһּ֪ܷ᲼֣ľм촷ۣݸŷ˿԰ľ࣬£ȴҲó棬չ⣬ɹ档
ָһֶ˵ŷֶ֮ͬЩʰɡ
ԷɫֶԸ԰ӸΧĻȰ԰ݺãҲ˵һɻĶЩˣĲֶ֮ܺ˵ֶù̻ܽ¡
ŷ˵ͷأ÷Ȳ裬ԷܣҾ𣺡߶
ڶ磬Ͷͬŷţ԰֪԰ӵɻϱ˵һػЩߣ˸ǻطŷ˵иɻĻڣǶЩѾʰãĪȥ
Ӧ𣬳ŷ˵ӣΧĻȥҪֱ֮ʣס΢вޣòһΪ죺ĸ˼ǽЩΣǾֹ˿ׯء
ѹ˵ɡ
ӳղң̹̣ܽܽϱǹ̵ܽףŲŲֻҼһֻóĻţҲˡ
ŮӳּҵǱ֡Ī˵ˣı
˸Իݣ˰գͷɹڣԼ˰ӣȥͷ˿
䲻иֵӰڲԶǣŲߺīһԭ͵͵ߣʡײΡ
ȹȴ֮ʣƺӦˣŤͷòƽȴһ˫Өۡ
סŲһɶʱԭǿҵĳӿԷ
Ȼ
վ۾ɩɩˡ
΢΢һЦ񣺡ԭǿҴ磬ʹࡣ
ԷеĲߣɫպҪڸæµһв֮ɩɩ


12 
Цڰ֣粻ؿʲôܰﵽ֮뾡ܿڡ
ԷͷȴûӦһʱ޻˵Ц⣬ȥ
ǶȥͻƲ棬Ҵһڣҡ˰ȣֻڸԼŮ÷衣
żҶŻؼңǽв˾ĿǸƷְȴڼңոһͬ٭£ݻѣתߣסԼɷ򣺡ŻؼҰգҪĶȥ
˾ͬ٭ȥԾơŵ˵ǮЦôЩٻ
ޣҪ˵ͰְĺãϷʶ˶ôӪ˶ٷƣαؿȡ
⸾˼ңƤǳ̧ߣҹﲻøţȥ鷿˯
ֻ̾Ůʱ֣żҷ徻ҹԺЪϢûһ˿ǲ
ʱԼɫ˿϶ө׷ɡ
ȣϱ緹ŷ˽Ъ˵һỰȥ·ΧĻڱε԰ӣԷһŲһɽʯ﹤˶䤱ŲߣԷվ£״ֻۣ䣬ϿųˣŹ˰ɽʯŲ
˼Žʵֱ۷ɫǳ֣ѣǹ߼ĸɻˡ
פƬ̣ͷɹ࣬ݹ˱裬κԸ÷裬͵԰ȥ
÷Ƭ̺󼴻أ˳һĺӶڳӲݣҴ˵ˣҴ
ףƬ̣΢ЦȥƿװЩˮѻ
꣬¶أ԰ͣ˼յĹإǵزڣﶼ˹ƣﶼ̴գȥ㣬ŷҲԼϱȥ
ԲԺԼĸףһȥ㡣
ŷбпգڼ飬ȥ̸ѧʶãαȥ
ԲЦԼĸҾͳȫⷬɡ
ŷЦĺãţ֪ˣȢŵ㰲ġ
ӣΨԲѣ˶ΪҲĶϱ˭Լдȥ濴Ůӣŷȥ̽ʣ֪ʩҵĵڶŮֻʩ̼֮ңŮãѵöϲŮòֺãýţ¡
ʩϷϣµإ𣬾ס˹﹩ĸŮҲסʩͷֻϲСؼҡ
⼸ʩпҲĸóԶիºԺϹѿӿƢ֯ʩ͵塣
ĸý°ֵ߲֣ܽסͷ壬ԼȥˣһƬ̣ҲͲסĶߣʩƳָеߵ̣λ˼֣δôˡ
סŲ̾磬ֻȥĸġ
ķʾ̣֭սսһӣʩһ£ˡ
֣
̲ǰ£󣺡硭
š۲峺塢ӡ
淨ɡϳģ˺þõ塣
壬޴ɹ䣬ʲôܸܲ涷ݣǻȭǮʾӣģ棬úúѧѧ
ǿһЦһö塣
ͷһ˰̣վҲס͵͵ЯԶȥ
ʩȫϣ̾ȫעŪԼӣֱʩƵķ·תվһϢʼյһ
ܸóһ·ɴ࣬ҲӮգۣġ
Ӯ̫죬̫û˼ʩŶֵߣԶҲӮˡ
ղôù硣ԥһӣüֻԱˣһӮ塣
ʩһЦ۾棬⼸סĿɺã
áͷÿնҪɮǵγѡ
ʱؼȥ
ͬĸһٹңøա
궼ǳһͻأ굹סôʱա
̧ۿȴ˵Ҳ̧ͷһۣĿԣɫƽ˴˾עӡ
ʩϷߵС㣬ϷѰ׼ҷҲ㣬һǰԺ˵ء
𼱼޷ʲôʱġ
ո£λӺҲˡ
ԲҲڣЦݣʩҲһ֡
˸壬ȴ뷨跨ٸһ·Ҳδ⣬ȻǰԺȥ
ʩϷŷ˺Ȳ裬װ粡Բ粰ԲüŪۺǵԲŲյЦ
ӯӯţһЦ˰ŷ˿ҲϲصǰĦʣԵ˯ĿɺãճڼЩʲô
һһɴˣʱʩҲŷˣŷ˼ʣѥͷзǻҷҲ÷ഺˣЦҲ֪ļҵĹȸ
ʩϷˣɶûУ
ʩϷЦеҡͷ࿴أ֪õģҲıı
ŷͷʹá
ɰʩϷ£ʩҲʰ˸ĵǼлǰʩż͵֦ãŷ˺ݿһͨʩǱ괬˳ģֻΪǳʣ㲻ʲô
ʩƬ̣кԲȥ͹
ԲʶʶʩֻλֻԼԴ꣬Ϊȴº˹ģкøУ֪ԭ˶һԺѧʩһƬ֮ġ
Բʶİɣ
ǡԲЦʱҲϷԸôӼҪȥײһ΢̾龰ĿҶһģʱδüûţ뼸պˡ
ʩ΢ЦҲԲ䡣
Բ˫۾ʩҾ֣ģҶȻһһԴã޶ġ
˵䣬ֺתӰЦĻԲ硣
ԭ
ֳʩӯӯһݣϻؼʩҴ硣
ʩ֣Թ
ԭ԰ǴŮ㣬ż㣬Լͻ
Բ˿޽٣Цɣãȥĸ̫̫ɩҲء
պʩϷˡ԰ˡŷ˶һڣ˺˵Ϊ֡
ּϴǸɫ𪣬Ƶӡ˵ǻд⽭Ľٻ
οԼ⽭òԶ⽭˺ܳ
ƼȺ͵͵ĴĿ⣬Ŀһϣȴð亹뿪⽭ʱ̫СȥˣѾ˴󲿷ֵ£ߺ˿ǰӣĲʶ
Ŀ⽻ǿ̣Ŀڰж˶٣ὫĿŲߡ
԰ЦҿûϷ˵ĳģֻӷ𣬼﹩С䳣ÿȴڹӣҼ֣ԭȻǰǸᣬסʮ꣬һںԵƹҳǰ˵󡣡
⵹ҲԵ֣ߣÿճϿҪ༸֡ʩϷЦ֪ǰĶ޷Ǽ䱦ɲ
⽭һС֡ЦɽҰС֣ҲδС
ʩɫͻȻɷףĿ粻֪εأһԲʩϷ
ĺʩң۾ֱ˫̺죬ɫף֪ǰһ̽ͷ̣˫ֱ䡣
ʩϷҲһͻȻ
ʱ磬һʱʩݱĸĸǣҰѶôؼңҩĴ


13 
ʩϷӷæȥǣס֣⺢ӡö˶˵߯Żˣۣô
ֻ䲻ȣһ㣬ǿʩϷһЦʱͽЦײҲܣֻͷЩ̵ġ
ôҩؼҺЪšײǾŷˣĸ㣬
ǱĸͽãڱµĲʩʹ˳ȥҩ򣬴ȥ
˸󣺡ЪЪɡ
ϥɫ̣綳ѩµĻҲδţһʩҲڣǰһΣһࡣ
ǰǻζŶ˶飬۽ޣͷ͡
΢ĶͷʩüһۣʣѲܣ
ܡ΢Լȹڣ̵Ϸżֻ۵Ъ
ʩԼϣ˫ƽ죺ЪЪַԸ£Ūʪ
۽̺죬ܣھ壬һۣĿȴݾܾĪ򶨣Ὣ׸ϣа뿿ϥͷۡ
ԶŹɲ㣬Ȳ裬ֲζɽ÷ƬǷȸ裬֮Ƿˮ𵭵ˮǹζƱǼ⣬嵭΢ࡣ
ʪյĶͷ΢΢˶΢ָ㴥ϣʯڽ̵˽ϣģ꣬𶯡
ԭһմˮˮ裬ķڶϣҲһסĲ֮Ӽֱ͸飬ƽ˵㽹꣬΢΢лл硣
һĳ⣬ֻһŵɫĴǻҶ״ӯ΢΢Ǽ⣬ջһ⣬һֻСɰĶڼ鷢УԲףֵֻ׹ĵӯӯˮɫ覡
ʩûгۣڵָգסǷ
صʩ˳ҩ̵ĵԴڵţʩҩſֻҩǮԴסҩʩլԶǰԺҲ鿴
ʩĲȣĲֽƲ֣㲡ţȥ԰ôչ㡣
ȥ۽Ƿ죬ͷ죺԰ǸסĵطҪ󡣡
Ҳǿһ˾㵽СԴУ룺ЩӦǼܺҩȾͺá
˳ȥҩץҩʩҲͨҩԸС¯ҩѣڰҩ̴ЪϢʩҩǰ٣Ůš
ʩȴأǡ
֪˹ϵ׺ǵͷƬ̣ҲȥЪϢ
ʩҩԶ¥ȥоδԷڣֻϸϸĿӣݰ׸ɫ壬һӦָãȴֻȻɵĿɰСƿбűϸĲҶöСǰʡǡ
봹ʶ֦ƳŲӴȥɣ˯һá
ʩСҩҩߡ
üǿҩƳߵһö۽һҧס˵ҲȥЪЪɣûµġ
ﰾӰٺࡣһ룬ӡ
ͷ
ʩ˼԰ڰա
ߣ˵С㲡ˡ
ףؼ԰㲻ȥѾЪˡ
һǰһݣҪˮԡˮò¶𣬳ˮʱҲ˵̺졣
ʩӼѣȥȻ˯£ֻ˱һţ΢Ųʩͷ󣬷βʪţ̬ô
²֪ģԼҵĴºţȴЩǰ˸С˵ͷۣڱ˯ˡ
ȥɡֱȥһ£ůٶ
²Ӧǣ¥ȥࡣ
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Ű΢΢̾˿ּͷһС̣ͷһֻԲյ֪ĳ֮
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ֻ˿˯Σ£ⲽš
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޶һůϣһָָⴥ棬ʾ£ææǰů굸ϣҪ˳ȥʣ飬𳣿ô
²ʶ֣ԼСֻϸģʩǱ飬СǱɪɪСÿﶼһСա
һЦЦƺ翣ЦƺºͣȴЩ䣬˵ָоֻЩһ㣬ºƽ˵һȥɡ
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Ĵ˿ֵ䣬ưסԼţֻѵ̽ȥͷȡˮȣյȴգֻǱţ£Ҫˮ
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΢һͷʪ⣬һҲȣЩʩϵһ°СȡϣǲˣҪ
ȥʢ࣬ãȴ룺Ҳ
ͳһիܲ
ĸһѸɹҳԲ¡
ȴϣǰʳʳ֮ζС۲֪Щʲô
һ¿أֳִ죬ĬĬĿ࣬żֽ̧ۣͷȥ
մڽϣΡΡǵֲһڴȥֻ´ԶԶأʧӰ
ۣҨ˵࣬Ǹӣʲôµġδأأôȥˣδϵó㣬ˣҲδظƶһ˵ϳˣҲ޷
Ŵףþͷ΢硣
£ܹʩڡĺڷοء
̧ͷӯ飬ڽһգ̹£࣬Ҽʩڵۿ֣ȥϵ顣
ӣ򴽣˳ƻڵأʩϥͷ§ס˫ȣʵ硣
ģ׵ĸ硣
ʩָȥϵۣҲ׵á
ϥͷǲ̧ͷ΢ЦڻȻŶ˷ϵô
ҡҡͷҲϵֻǡһֱڿңǰǸáСʱס˵ЩҾþǡ
Ŀʩʩȴˮ˵΢Цס˼ꡣ
ȣֻǵ¾֣ȥǡ
ʩͷĦͷðģȥ̽̽ӵĵϸ
գգۣлл硣
һʩˮٶ˯£Լ
ҹ԰ֲָ԰ȥ
ʩʱȻʮ꣬ʱĸӻڣӶ쳣Ͽ͸Žʢķ飬ʩһ¶࣬Ժǵһμá
ģЦ𣬺ϲóֺø¡
ɰֺã˭᲻ϲأ粣ͷ׵ĸʲôƵģҲˣֻϲһʩ֮⡣
ʩǵúʱ԰ϣվŲȴ԰ӵļԲܳͷ󺹣ʱӼɽϵԼϥǣһЦһƵˡ
￴ѧʣҪŷĸףһ㲻ˣпʱദһãֻǲ
ΪǸ̥ĸŮ˲ŴӻӵʩҵģµϲʩƻϲĸŮʩҵĺãͼ˵ĹϵҲȡ
ʮ꣬Ӳţʮһ¼䣬ոѩʱΪĸТǳģҲĶã䣬οǰʳ
ˮ½ʩʩϷ˻ǵãɮ볤˸ɮ棬ͷϻűѩժ˸Ƴγεĳӣϲ
˶ϣ˸ǸСһУ˰գֻôҲԲͷ
ֻһһ£һҧϣС롣
ڨڨĽָϣʩûԹô
ҡҡͷ
ʲôʱ򣿡
³ߡСʹһգƵƵʱŰ
ˣã˼նѡ
лҪ˵
ҪѪԵϵſи鷢չ~~


14 
ڴշת˴̡
С˯ĳG䣬ţָʶĽϻȥԴķ˸һǴȥͷĶޢˮ
ҹˮϰߣ³ڴͷһһյҹյޢˮʩȥǰڴͷġ
ʵһʼʵ粺ʩĹϵ׺Щ
ʱʩֻʩˣʩӣǽŮãҲϲʩһĻ磬ʯ׽񲶲
ʩңǸ忡峺˹СʱҲϲġ
ӦԼŮ죬ϲ͸磬ֻҪЦеĺһͺ׵õǵĺɫҲͺǻһϣ츳
˶ϲ磬Ҳϲϲڴ飬ִСһķݣ԰ժ㣬ȴҲŪһƯСӡ
ĹȻ³çҪϲĿȻҲһƫƵϣһ
Ӳ֮ʩŶ˸ƫͬһ㣬鵽
ûĸ׵ĴĺÿֳæͷӪҪչŴ硣
һֱڴߣɥҹ÷ᣬ£ů֡
ǵأҹѣĸƫڹﻳ˯ˣϲҲȥ˱𴦣ͷδ飬ǰһƳγεȣɮ˲͵͵һֻȥҹ
ྻĴ磬ϸͬһݳʳĴ磬һ
һγԵ棬ˮζȴůͺ͵ģůĶӹȡ
곤棬һȣϲȵζҷϲָմŻɫ֭ҺƢζʱʱָϣܸõ顣
ȴͳԼӣʮָһòɾĨĨĴǣ𣬶΢΢һЦ
¶ĵһЦݡҲЦĺܿģֱڼֶһ
ٺһҩĵ·Ⱦ˲ӹҲ̫ãҽҩҲղЧληʿ˵պʿ֮᪻Ҳ쳣˵ã
ηʿһ۾Ϳ˵Ĳ̸пϣҲȻ𾴣õʿﴫ񣬵ʿдһŷӽ˴磬ϲѣæʿΪҾһ
ǵʿһһΪ˿ֵʩϷʳֵϲ궯ҹ֣㿪˷ӣֵʱǵʿ˵念ֻЩȶÿն̰Ҳ£ҩЩãʱ̥ģĳСȶ
ŴԣδӦɫЩףʱҶͷȲ裬ֻʩŵʿߣԵ͵ʿȥ
𣺡һпɶã
ʩ嶼ãֻڶգմȾȣҪЩ֮
ĵͷ
ȺɢȥʩӺ硣
á
ºлǣ䣬˻Σͷ­ֱϡ
ʩϴϵȶˣֻǾЩ̫ã޾ɵ
緹Ͱֻˣ࣬һѿһ촣һʡ
ڴº࣬󳨣࣬ϰϰֹţ˾Ƭ̺Щʲô˵յԴ򻹿һҩñ°ٺһ롣
򴽣ɵͷá
㣬ҵУڼãʲô
ƫͷ룬һЦţɡ
ֱ᲻ҲŮ죬Ը½Լ˸ʩҽֻ͵æҲúɢɢ
վϣСϣԼͷ­Ա֮΢ֻ̯š
ʩϳ˱ľ飬ǡǧġǰɵ飬֪ⱾرϲȥĿ
ƣģӯ꾣š
ʣһƽһƣ죬һֶҧ壬䶯
˸Ƿĸٴͷ
Ҳһ񣬿üչ̬ʵĽ롣
֪ŮôʩҵĹأʩĺӡ
ӦݵĹӣҧһڷҷˣҧһڣԲûйͷŴӣɫֻΪȡ˶
ȥ··⽭Ҳ·ĵطС¥֣ǰĳˣɹŸɫȹˮƮۣ֬Ⱦһ쵵ĻÿһŮӵĻ֬۶ѵĳ
С
ʺ֡
ʩǱ飬㱵ۣڴ΢΢˸Ƿ޹ǣҸ絹衣
Ųǰǰ֪ʲôһֱֱǰȥǰӲ棬;۷뻳Уϣĵ̾Сġ
æĴ֪ʲôһ¡
ڵϣصĲˮʰԼҪȴʩǣߣƹ鱾ƽ̯ϥͷһҲúһɡ
а뿿ϥߣ̧ۿĿξºֿݣ¿ĬȻͷ˳̤ŵĽŵ£尤ϣЦЩǿҺʹһ顣


15 
Ҳ֣һһд֣һһ飬ɣǴӣȻѧȴѧĺܿ죬ľ
˹һ飬ʩŶͻȻ˶٣ȻһЦصǰҽд֣ûѽ
ǳЦǰʱǸСһתۺüȥˣҲˡ
Ҳ˴磬һ֮ôˣǵĳԴöȣȫľӪĦҳŤͷȥĿӯӯͷһֱм磬ллЩһֱҡҡңݶͿҲѱ
һˣ֮ء
۰Ͱ͵Էθ׵ˣԺĶ͸жԶҲʱʱ̿ŸĺãҲŸʱʱ̶̿ãȢɩɩӺ
ע⣬ݸһЦָǼϻδޣ͵Ժˣڸǰ޼ޣҲߣǲ۰Ͱ͵ĵųޣͲԽԶԽá
ҲǸ˼ոһߺΣͷֻŸá
꣺Ѿ˺üˣҪΪȢô
޲ޣȢȢʲôϵʩʩȻһЦǹ£岻Ǹˣ綼ˣһȴҲȢֻϺĵİˡ
ǸϲʲôĹҲһ˵Ե
ʩ룬ЦţҪ󲻶࣬ŶõģƷԣҸպϵľͳɡ
򴽣΢΢ߣһ۲ģ¶ɫ֪׾ǧᣬ˵Ȥҡ
ü¶Ĵ棬ͷЦȷʵûбȶû׾ѾͷõЩ֪֮
ŭű飬õڴϿ飬Ĵպϣ˸ۣ绹ǻȥɡ
ʩȻһЦϲơģļƣۣ߳װҪߣͷһͣ
УҲʹ͸š
ʩЦҡҡͷż̨פƬ̣ǰŰȴӣˣҲô
̧ۿֵͷȥƫƫ
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ŵ۵Ļ㣬ޣ޿κΣ̾һ¶Ƕ䣬ͱȥ
ϲʮҲࡣʩЦˡ
Ÿͻ⣬ʹ硣ʩʩȻޣģһ
Ҫţ´³ѰһϯĶ磬һҪϣʩֽ³çüС㻹ţ÷磬ϵЩ
ͷ̧ͷ
΢΢ʩ壬һ˿´ϵãƬ̣΢Цá
ҲȻһЦлл硣
ߣϹЦĲЩˣ
ֻմ磬ЩȣЪһáЩ˼ͷ鷳ˣ֡
ֵĸģٻȥĸ
úӣվͽϷ˽ӻĪڡ
ռʩһԥҪҪ̣˳Ժ֮Զ̿Ҵ̸£ͨһʱ˺ã˳֮תʩ
ʩ˵˼仰ҳȥһˣ̱أڼЪϢٷ񡣡
ͷʩֺ͹˵һϯŴű»
ůų񣬱ůڵչɹ룬ֶ¥жȥλش
էһۿ֬۲ʩȫޣԵü񼡣ڷ촽ͷֻһ٣ǶĽۡ
ժ£ĬĬָƬ̣Ƥͭ
¶˲ˮۣһ˺£ױ̨ϡ
ƯСǰϡĸʲôƵģ˺ʲôأ
֦ˣҲͲÿˡĵ̾ϸüʰӣʣ£ǲЩ´硣
ͷ𣿡
Ҫе磬㿪֣ߣʲôôΣ
֧֧᣺ӵĴҲûӣ˵ƢܺãҲܺãҲֻǴʱ򡭡е㲻һ˵ôһֻô۾סһ㣬ͷе¡
һժ¡
ֹ£ҲЩ¡
û֪ʩ˿޵Ĵ磬ʵʵıԲ㣬󣬲ͣЩ
Ĵ磬αװıҪá
˭ʱ֮ʣܾעŹľһ˫һҲûģеֻǿհ׺Į
ʥˣץסԼЯ˽Ӷӻƺһ˿ధ£ԸǧƱٸòҲҪǻƵ̸ĳô
̸ۼ޵˶Ĵ̱ʾʧ뷽跨ת֮ʣת˻£ϲŮǵʧޡ
ԽమˣҪԡ£ݲһ˿ۻˣȥԺѰ֣
˭ȴκ˶ҪҪ뾡취ĻģҲҪСԼ
޸ĸĹ¶װĸŮƭʩư˴ʩȻӹСȴҲǺһ˿ȴĬŰΣΪʲôأ
𲻸룬ҲҲ£Լ֪𰸣ȴӲȥʩҵӹ̫ãѾˣߣҲţ£Ҳߡ
ҪŬץסԲ磬˭ܽ¡


16 
ʩϷ˴żеŮǴӹ»ؼһ˾վ׵ţʻͣǰЦȥʩϷˣĸ
ʽǣסĺã
ʩϷ˺ͼŮ³ȣĲȫˣ
˯һʹˡһַԼĸһǣûĸͽǣǷ壬ٲҶٻסˡ
ʩϷǣ֣Цģúӣһգǡ
϶ӭôԣЦظ£¡ġ
ɲҪ˵ʹŮһһĺá
ͷЯ³ĸ˵ͷЩãֹһȥ͵͵ס粵ӣοĲԥա
һ˺ͺĽ˵貼ϯò֣ϲСӴϷʩҲɣʱ˵ǰºڣҪǰҲҪ˵Ϸϲһ
ԭǰʩϷ˺԰ˡŷģ˵ڵף԰˰ϷֲȥϷ԰Ӽգ˵Ϸ˵˺ЩյˣһʩϷ˼
ʩһǵͷȻڣȻҪЩб괬зȥüЩҲü˳ʡ
ϵϷҪˣҲ˵ģϯˡ
Ȼ˵ʩԸ˷ﱸҪʹƷҲҪþ⣬ϯð԰СһһϷò
ͷãͰ˼죬ɼﻹż̳ϺõĽ𻪾ƣзǵˡ
˵һʱ磬ϴԼҼӾַȥĸ˵Ƽǰع΢Ц֪ҲǱĸ԰ȥ
ݱ¼վţʱЯһ˵Ļʵ˶಻ϸʣ̹˰ɣ
ͷЦĪţа㲻õ
ЦҶţֻͷţصĴæҲЩˣȥģ˵⼸տСûȥԺһˣݸϢ
СɶĸȥԺѧʳҲ漸˴ֻƬ۾ŵ棬ӵϼһƬлݸǾɶⶫ͸ɡ
Цʲô˼ҿɲˡ
˥ܵĻ΢΢һЦ͸˵ףԺҲҡ
˵꣬ǱԼֻ
ţתѽڼʩԸҸš׼ҶзʹƷرԸˣ˼䣬̧һзͼ޾ȥ԰˼ҡ
԰˿ŷƷЩ׽͸˭ģ
ŵʩңС̧ģ˵ǰϷðԲﰮ֣Ҫϯﴬͻʲôϡ£ֻͼʣ밲Цɡ
԰˿ŵϵĶ˵ö˶˵ġȱЩƽҲա
ֻзȶз÷ʣǰղ߶зϺĺôµкõˡ
ȥǾջϰ꣬Ÿ߽࣬ͷټƷ֣Ц⻨ϲ
԰࿴Ķϲ߲ͣ˳ӦʱǡôͷҲ⣬ʰ˳ЦʩϷˣŴüĿģǸͨ͸ˡ
źЦʩҲãǰȥߣȥңɫȣӦоУͷҲ࣬ӦĻưҲδͷһߡ
԰ˡŶһֻҿ˸ҩӣǱ괬ʲôӪ
ǡִ߽ͨȺͷҲڣЦǺǵʩҩҵģ˺ôҩӣ˴Ĳˣӿ̣̣̣˵ϻҵı괬أרǮһ˿ÿǳ񲼣ü󳵶ϲġ
Ǹ֮ҡ԰ƳЦϴƼҵǼŮĲĺ˼ңȢ֮͡
ҸĳһʺüױҲȻҪ˼ҵӵܣǰͷˣֻźû䣬ײ˵ġ
ͷӺǺһЦ˵ʩҵҲ͹մףúһ
԰֪ͷӵ˼ͷ˵׼ңжǸŮȣҲ˿
˿ŵǼãЩࡣͷѹ֪ôʩҽһȴ£ĸڿƵĵϱ°ȥδѰ
裬԰ŴԶ֣ɻ飬һ˿Ҳδ˵
Ҳʲôʵ飬ʩҲѰãҲֻաͷӵҲ࣬δŮͲ֪δ⽭ģû£¶ڹȥˡ
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ǲֻ֪ǴҶɫϸӣһС룬˵ŹɽǻģǰΡ
Ŷһϵķ飬ҡҡͷݣЩİ
û쳣æµһ磬ʩ¥ȥдһѣȥ±񣬼ͷҲδţǵ̻һ˷ȥⳡ˼±ͷ԰ȥѰʩյһţ˳ȥѰҲڣֻ÷Ӧһ
ǿָʩҸһʯӣ˵ժģżңԲҲ˱ܺͽδүţæ岻ڣæ֧Ӧ԰дңʩϷ˽ԲԺ㡣
ԲţҲһʩϷ˿Բ˰ݣҲЩ󣺡æµĸָ͵ʺĸǡ
ʩϷЦ˵һϯ֪ĸ׽ձȻæȫһֻȥҲĸ˵ʡģٲЩ
Բһˣ˵仰
ƳԲһۣͷڲյЩɢɢģӦ֪ˣĸġ
ԲЩģҲɵĵðһԴִŵģʩϷ˲ԸСŮ˵Ѱճȥãִϲһԣ˺Ȳ衣
òԲϲһˣɫǰýտɺã
ҶءǰۣװҪߣĸˣҲû˰ա
ááסĽŲļ٣ôˡüɶ㣬㶼ǵġö˶˵ģˣϴΣһ껨Ѱ˼˺üգҲ²͸õ˼
һŤؿбһۣԹ䣬ģȻֺ֪αҼѰң
Ϊ֪ҪѰáԲǽɫɻ󣬡Ҳ²͸õ˼ֻ嵽ǰһʣְֲüһ棬պò׵˿ȴ䵭
һһ㶼֪Ϊβ֪Ϊ㻨֪꣬Ϊ䵭ǻʲô˵ģңԴ֮Ʋɾˣվ͸߸磬ҵƸͻȥҲȥҵĸ˻
Ҫȥ䣬ôԣ׻ȫ䣬ĿɫҰܣ˵ʲô
𶶶䣬һԼ԰ȥ
ԲȻ˰ֻֽ̣ŷ飬ãŶŻع׷ȥá
Һ޲ýһĶʸÿס峺ϾӣɫֻżǰҪҲѻ˵ЩҵǷʲôǵ
ɫ̹̹ü٣Ľ棬棬Ҳ棬ɵ㣬йʲôꡣ
Բ˷ʣͷʲôϵ
ͳֻΣδμһ˼Ŀ㣬Բ磬ֻ㣬ݲˡ֪ҺѶףֻӭȢţȴʱʱ̲̿˵˵ֲס۴ҡᣬ÷ȥŶ˵꣬ǰԵһ㣬һԿţҲЩŹ֣ȻҲԸǣҪôһ˰ˣҪô˻飬λһñǡ
͡ΪԲ죬ΪҺ˵ǵ
ˮίֿԴ˺ɱѰˣٲԸ㣬ֻף˰ͷϣúϡ
Բ͵һţ˵ˣˡҺȷʵԴʱһˣãҲãĸҲйǸ˼ý˴϶ףδõͷһҰȥ꣬Ƕָ췢ģֻãʲôŮ֮飬ҶֻǶʱ꣬꣬ް룬ǣһһֻãݲñˡ
ӣ˻棿
棡
룬Դףˣ˵òȣȥû˼û˼δ׼û˼
Բţ潹ҪΣ
ɫ£㵹ҪΣԸʲôοҲ
Բɫ룺֤Բڴ˶䷢ģԴ˺ҲϣܶͶ㣬˵һԣ࿴һۣްַǷ֮룬ΨòȢֻһģײ롣
ԺԵɣ˻飬Ȣأ
Ը¶ϣҲĲģΥģ
𻺻³һŷͷ߳һ㱡ԲԳУŷֻǺ¡²ܺԲһԲҵСۡ
ԲɫͻͷҲ˿ֻã˵Щ˻֣ҵ˼û֪ôֻ޲ͳÿ
һһĶ㣬ҲҪһһĶҡӣȥͷĺ
ԲֻŵһϣǣסһӣʣõĲЩô
΢΢һЦԲ͵ҩãȻҲȫˡ
ָֻյ⣬һС˵ȹһֲ裬ԲݹʩϷˣʩҡ
ţһ£ʵӣεһ
Բɫ˰Щ¶ֵļɹģҲͷڼҲ֧ʹ
˺ʱôԣʵ
ԲСͶɩɩճܣ˴һɩɩĶˤˣñӰ÷һ٣ѶһҹδңɩɩֿҪסȰһҹͷЩˡ
˴ҪҪҲЩ㷵ģȥˡ
Բڰ֣һҩЩˣﲻԸ֪ˡ
ţ䲻ӰתЦף忡˹ģǹҵʩ
ֻԲЩ죬ȴɫԲţһߣβ׼ҷ
Բͽ񣬼æ鲻֡ǰһȣЦеĵֺȾˣ
ʩеľɫԲһ˫ʪٵۣ֪ȵĲ١
Ѭˣ̧ţһ㣬ǼѰЩز
Ӧࡣ΢Ц࣬һҰȡ
ЦģҶȹ°С鶯ģͷ΢ЦȻ֪࣬лл硣
룬˰գϳϯپһưɣǧл籡һ
ʩ̲סЦ
ȻСºӣּӪ϶ЩճǱºģԵóжȣҲֻʮ꣬ǸӣЦΪ峺ʣĵۻ۽ССĻȣֻůڵ⡣
̲סķּҪߣԴػУǰԺ˵ţЩľơ
ææ֣ȥæ


17 
ĺɫĺϣ鳲ͤǶ˸ɫɴ԰װϲ԰׼ϯ˵ȣ£ÿյģ£Ůװͤͤÿ˶ϷӵһϷΧ£ʩϷ߿Ϸ
Ůһ£վϷ̨峪ǳŮ֣Ů˼λúȲʣʩϷЦе˲ˮ͹ƷȥЪϢ
ûʱŮǶһѽѽĳ˰գʩϷָ̨ϳŮʵʲôϷôû
ϷֽСĸԵǽ³ϷϷٳţܲ
ʩϷˡŶһŴ˵
˿һأɽĸǻƣһϷϣŮȥѣЦȴе΢΢ִ٣һƫͷϲһ࣬ɫƽų̨Ϸ
§ϲһ߳ԹӣϲϲĳʳĹ죺㣬ˡϲչס֣§ЦԲ¾Ͳˣ³ɡ
ԼһڵϣĶھϣ˳˳Ҫȥ˲ˮϲڣ÷۽ϲá
ʩϷϷһදŤͷѩ׾һ̲ĺڵİ׵ģŻˮּɫţ˳ϲ󱳣һ飬ææԼȹСôˣ
ϷеһϷ˶æǰϲſϥϴּۻ࣬ɫ󾪣ˣǺˣֺȥ
𻺻˿ϲϥϷûʲô£ϲϷ̰ԣﺬĶˣʵʲ£ҲһʱϷ㱣û죬ֻ³ڡ
ֿϵӣȻ򣺡ЩǸճԵǶĶĸǡ
˷ϲȻշ죬۾ʪЩŵһ㣬ŷϲԱ󣬼Χۣһĸĸû£ǸղſϷԣԵĶˣЩܡ
ʩϷ£§źӣһȦˣû¾ͺãû¾ͺãϷˣߣĸϯȥ
˳ͣϷһƲˣ粰ٲԸúõģôɢء
ϯѾףʻƵзʩϷ§ʩ壺λδ
ЦȥѰ˺˷㵱͵ĶصĽЩõԼãʣȥͷȥ
Ժ񽻸ʩϷ˸ܼ£ȴҲ֪ĺãҲɵЦҲ֪ǿ˶٣ȼŸҩӹգ̻ĸ׵ıǮſգ˵ǵģǰ˼ֹ
Цֶֺãʲôֲ
ǲϾᣬʶ١ʩϷЦǷ˼ȻͺúðİһģӲܹá
ɷֲ٣Ϊͷͷͷ֮ЦЩǿӦȻ
˵䣬ʩɿǰʱҹɫѰ԰ˮľ廪Ƶƽʣϯ沼ͤʩϷ˱ϲףһ࣬ϴԼһֻ࣬λӸˡ
һԲᣬ˾ٱȹһůƣδ˵ʱеˮ浴׷ңһԣ԰⣬԰յͬһ㣬Ʈҡ㲻ɵú̾һ
ϯｻƱյ¾ƴзЦּ̣ͤľջʩϷ˷Ըȥջ裬ˡ괬з쳣зƸ֬մֶǣԵľˣϯҲӣԶӣԣһֵĳзȾơ
Լֻؿڱµ΢΢ۣͣ˾ƣҲзֻܰз⣬ȥú͵ܵιʳ
ϯ룬ʩϷ˰סһĳԲʩϷ˻ԸˣǺúóԺȣɿɿ졣ֶϲ֣ϸŸ˳ԻˣһᣬŻ˯ȥ
ϷˣҲи֣Ҳÿȥӣüˮһ£Цһأ԰з䣬ЯֻˣͲסӿֻѰطúһɣֽϲͻݣٻȥʱҲ֪ȥ˺δֻԼȥ
԰ϯҲɢˣֻЩиˣʰ͸Ӧ͵ȥˣ߰˰˵ĻϣɫһΣԳ塣
ͤһǣɫ֮»иӰͦͦվţԸһֻƺ˯С̶
ʱڵ⽥˯ѲٳԲԲȦȦССƴһĴɫƽȵĵãߡ
֪ˡ
ѺȵĲ٣һپƣۼ۾ǺȾںҹˮ棬ԣˡ
סŲκȥ硣
վߣĬĬעǰľɫһһľһһ
оƽ޻֣ȸղŵｻЩ
ΪϲԵʰɡ
֣Ӧ꣬ϲˣ
˵
ŤͷҲֱվţ´һۣʣջúõģϿƺЩˣ
չڣ￪ģûвء
Ҳ԰ڴ˵ص㣬Ҳǰ˵
ͷһϣŴףûƼ硣
ЦһȴƼã·ϵӰӣ㡣
΢΢еϹ˵ҴѥûߵҲǺĵطûӰӣҲû
ʩתɢϣڵﶼЦ⣬ָָȹһʼұ㿴㣬ýһȹӰҲɼɫĿ
ǵͨ죬ڰȹлл佱
ʩָ䷭һֻƱƣ֪֪Եڴ˵㡣
һǷһơٱƣ£ഺüۣײˡ
վƱݸüʾơ
ǾƱһֱּ䣬һ˫־ʩѽڣ𾴸һף念˳⡣
ʩݸһЦּӹƱЦһллá
ָǱӣתȦȥƺЦƺŪˣþƣⱭӦúȲǡ
Ǳƣݵǰ࣬תơ
̧ͷһۣ˿û⣬ȴֵĵȷȷţҪȥǾƱֲ֣üʾȾơ
ֻ濴ȴ϶ţãǸͷ֣촽žյԵҺ
ȴ̧ԼֱۣˣҲֻžƱ̧ͷ­һ忡ݣӶ˷ǡ
𻺻һξҺУһ¡
Цһź촽ƺú𣿡
򴽣һ룬ǹպϢУ΢΢ͷ
ʩһЦĿ΢΢壬׷Ĵȥ
ͫ˲ȻŴ洽æȥȴһֱֻס֫ǰһ
ֱϣһ˫ȵĴ
С𣿡˵ȵľļϣΪʲôСأΪЦһԾô
𣿡΢ЦµҲ˵ˣ
ڷ𣿡µ֫ϸӯһգ·һͿšϡ
ʲôأҿǸѽ񣬡׵ĸ粻ô
ͻȻЦĵͳƵģƵģƽȻͬɤĴֱߣָ䣬һһʪȶָϣ΢Цзζûаϴ
ĵ
Ȥζãת˲ʩվֱ壬ɿۣЦöȤ
ɫˣЩȥЪϢɡ
ɫҰףͷ˵ϸסûôû󣿡
γѣԼȹǣȥ
ʩһ·£һ·ⲽ԰ȥԸˮսȥźԡòŻطЪϢ


18 
´ͷʱ򣬼ͷŰ򻨷ͭԼֱ϶մĭһСϸЩȹʪˡ
۽Ƿ죬ɫƺɢһЩתŭ𱸣ȥĶ͵ˣ֪ӵôôȥҲҪ̣Щȥ
¸֪꣬ǺƢģû˵ҪȥʩׯĵũŮÿµǮҪܵãҪǴ򷢻ؼȥٲܵĴ»һСʵԩˣû͵԰ﳷʣˣҾ͸ŴһȥԷȥ극ѰС㣬԰ֲ˵һȥ˹ˣ֣˸գңϲ˵СŸŻ
ֻķҲδһٱ⣬üͷ鲼֣һ˫ѱϴͨ죬ʱȺʪȴ總֮ĻңĶôŪķӣΪλö˶˵ĺСƣε֪֣ѵǸ⣬ΪʲôûдƹһһУΪʲôҪء
ĿλһƮڱϣƵûоûУҸղҲһʱû˼
Էֻ˫ȷ̱ڴϣҲϴȥĿ˼ڤ룬Ҳ֪ʱӲĸʵۡ
ճʩ˶ʩϷ÷˶ʱ磬ȴþòʩϷɻ󣺡⺢׼ʱ
ʩһ滽ȥ̽һĸʢࣺҹЩˣ̰˯Ҳ˵Ȳĸ÷
ûʱӻūȥʱ򣬶Сױ˵ҹзԶЩʳͻ˯ʱСҲ˵صѾ
һзŴһˮ⣬һСɣʩϷ˵ԶʳЩͺʳҲǲĿζ
ʩͷԸˣóȥЩСˡ룬ֻȥҪСЩõֻ̰࣬Щ
˳Թ룬²ɵۺɫСлȹŷ⵭ſףݹˣּʩü˳۵硣
ʩЦкʱѲ磬öӿɶˣ³Էɡ
𲻿ҲҹԵĻţֻĸ˵
úӣѵģЩĳʳٻҪһЩʩϷк´οɼǵãٺóԵĶҲ̰ࡣ
ֻðʩ£ӹݹ룬ϲõЮó
粼һЦȴһͷߴЩ԰ɣٲԾˣǴ絥ΪҪģͳֻǶûеķݡ
ʩϷ˺͹ﶼЦ㷽Ų˵Ҫԣص۰Ͱ͵Ŀԡ
ǿһЦʩЮõݵǰҲһԡ
ŴҲŲ
ʩҲЮһֻݵЦǲǳζˡ
Ťӣߵһǳζƫġ
ǵһ˵⻰Сͺʩһ𳤴󣬳󷴵ϲ㣬СʱҲΪζ¶ϲ𣬾Сԣ˷ȡ֣Ҳ˵⻰
ǿԹڣʩϷҪȥ㣬ֻкţüԡ
һ£վҪȥ£ʮ¶ù飬ղ˵˰ӻҪЩʲôö˵ˣð졣
ԭʩҪȥ꿴һʱ˻Žβϣֻˮ·ʩϷַԸʩȥЩױͰβһ
ʩմ͸Өۣ֬µһĨۣڸľ񲻼ãͷʢ˿СǰƣһԣÿʲôҪ֬ˮۣѣҾױơ
ۣҡҡͷͺá
ɴûжԼļױôĹʩܵҲֻһĬĬĵţ˰Σ粴̧ͷҵľϺõģһϻӻ
áá֪ˡʩЦ˵ЩҶؼҡ
ĵͷȥˣΨˣҲվҪߣӷ棬˵ϻմŶ㻨ͷʪţǳԡô
ס̧ۿ˿ɫᣬµ䣬ס˵
ʲôҵ˼Ϸ䣬ҪϸͷٳšЦЦȻ׼ͷۡ
ллѡ
վ˵ԶˣϲﻹʩϷʩ˶Զ֣֮Ҳ⡣СӼ˵壬ϲͻС£üУϲãȡ󶼿ɣÿ֪ΪΣ
һ쿴
ϲõ˳ɣС⡣żһССҲɰ΢Ц̫ƤȻҿɻ
㶣ҹ𣿡
ʩȻ΢Цһ㡣
ϢƵ˵ֲҴƣֻõޱҪŲǸ
ǣǣ֦Ǵ̵Ҷֻ˵˳ɱ޷
ȻԶȥ
Ǽվ˰βŻع
˵Ľֵżңձؼֵӣڳˤ˸߰˰ˣصߣֻҪңŶݳŲ֪ȥ˺δ˻죬ŷȰĿڸͷڴϣһԵ塣
ŷԲԺ飬üСȥѰţ֪ԼȰԶϱȰ
ȻƿһǺõģˤ䣬һҲȰֻ˵ɩյ꣬ѰȰ÷ˣţҽӻؼȥס
޳ֳе¶ССֵҲ͹ˣŸĸǰúøĸͷǣ÷ѾͷҲ͹ˣαˡ
ЦջƵزżҲܣ÷ҵѾͷһ˯ˣ˺ҷֲ֪ͷĸлӵСЬ÷ڣ˶Ҳ˵˵Ƿ곡ϷⲻҪĶ׶ôʥ顣
Ҳ࣬εԹ˶ˣŮӵ࣬һҲʩչҲһȰԹŷͬͬͷƽضȰȻĺãģǳ֣ˣͷֵǸס
غһɩĴ󷽣ʲôýɡƾʲôŮӾҪңڣŮ˶ˣңҪĻȥɡ
Ҳĸ˵ͣûһӻңҲֻõագҪ룬Ҳ޻˵˦־ͻݣŮŷˣԼߡ
ŷ˶ϱǷѣڴƬ̣Ů˸Ż÷Ҫϳȥ÷عڵġ
ŷҲˣذߣͷô
ҵѾߣǻƾҵ˼ʱɵż˹ˡӣתŻݣûã˼ʮСѾͷ˸Ͽʵģȡжž飬Լڡ
Ż÷ȥŭɳ⣬嵽ָĳø
յСѾʰڣǻˣۺɣֱҹȥһ̨ðӴһŶͷţ㻹ı׷򣡡
ѽջȥЦƺˣӣĽأ̤һҾһΡ
ҡҪ㡭żٽţɫͨ죬Ҳ˯ѾͷǱ㷿ֺδ֮У㣬Ŀˣĺ޸¡
ЦҵͲأôżڼ廪֮ңֻȢ޲檣Ҫӣȥ˵Ҫޣ㿴ӦӦ


19 
пҲȥ԰պʩʰȥңϸʵСϻ˷ģʩһ򿪹Ħ䱦棬ƽ֮ࡣ
᡽ңûĳ棬³裬۵ĻưҫĿͿĨ˸֮Ҳɵ˵ء
ʩкǰǵķջص䱦Σϲô
ۣҡҡͷҪȥô
һͷϻ﷭鱦ΣϻϣЦҲգЩǵջľá
ȥ֣ȥЩи֮ǰһϵҪ´㡣
֪ÿ궼ҪȥһˣҲʮ¼أ˵ͷŵġ
ҺȲ裿
Ѭůףȴţ߲ҶϡйƮõյȵϾüζҸ
ֺãСԹɣദǢ±º͸޻ȸ񣬽ոŴӵݽһժĹӣ޻һϾü
ȥ֮ǰʩⶣ𣺡ǹջ֮ʱҵ٣մͶڼ
ͷȻգʩյ԰˼ҵӣŮһ;Ʒ
Ͽӣٲþ׼֪ŷҲҪϱͬȥʱһ룬Բ⼸նԺԼȥȥɣ岻˼֪԰ûиҲԸͬȥҪ粺ͷúúװ磬Ҫط۽硣
ѵü˶ţʩϷ˶ڣԺֻʣϲˣԴϲַȥ˵
ַʩ԰Ӹһ¶ţѰֻϺͽ԰ſţƽҲʩңһСͨͷĽǵСС
ȥַֻиɨ棬Ϲ˵ֻԼ㣿
֨ѽһˣһ鱦ɫĶӣ͸һ̬¹ڲһɲ֪մȾԭǶֶŮϲ
Сʱʶ̫ģˣЦã㡣
ŹȥȥˣƬ̾ͻءɿ֣ںȲš
ŴԣϲЦӯӯҪ԰ȥˣæҴŵܵȥ԰ȥ
Ųߵļʧ¶źɿƮһȹǣЦһԺлװĸСƵġ
ϲ԰ӣ˾ͤﶷ棬ϲˣ͸ȥ˽飬ЬҶô㣬иŵС˶ҲҪѰһޣδܹ˼֪̾׼ӣǷܵøý
Ե̾ϲʡ
Ƿ٣̾𣿡
ϲ򴽣ҲΪʲôĸȥһңңҵء
§һ죬Լ߻ء
ʩҵĻ԰ֻнĥʱգ԰˼ȴַȻ԰˻ܣʮջºѣīãɫ㣬ϲˡ
԰˶ʩϷ˺һлв裬ǹģҲǽ軨׷Һȱƣͼӡ
ʩϷ֪ʩύԼңδ;ջ¶æЦˣͻ⻨䰲԰ӣżױ
һڸЦȡּ֣ŷ˳ٳٲֻЯŴϱ԰˲βֶŮ
ŷɫҲ̫ãǿЦЦ⼸ӳڼЪء
ԭճֺ󣬶÷Ŵһܣѷݶ˯ÿֻţһͲǲžȥȡҲͷٰöϱͣ˳趨ʡ԰룬Ƕľ˼ңٲҪӦֻ꣬ǲϣŷȰ˰գҲһʱ磬ֻԼŴϱš
ż԰ݵ߰˰ˣһŲ˰ɽʯԭǽ˼˼ݣ԰ɽˮĵΧĻһͤһֻҰһɨķߺ֮
ŷ˶Դ⣬ԿԷһȽ˹ǮֻǻʣһЩ߽ΣԷż
˴գɢɢǣ֣ԭ԰ӵӶǰĺŴӺסӶǺúõĿʲô
⼸ͷķǰ˵⣬Ӷһ㶣˰ݣǷָɣ˵Ҫ԰ô
ˣǿ߰ɡ
Ӷֻʰ߳ȥԷ԰ﶽö˵ǣԼԺֻڰڵ֦ŮɵŸ٣һ£ٴժŴǰĿݻҶƬ
վ£ͷƬľӣɸչ⣬ɩɩô
δټ˫Өۣأʲô鶼ģֻڵķ֮Ҳ˼֣룬ֻǰѶһ޾Ϳɣǣźü񽡣
ԷͷҲաһѸӰܼľ¿ȥص֦ɣϵĻңɩɩһȡ
ڳ趼ˤ߰˰ˣδֻԼȲһֻɱӣ룬ˮƳӣߵӳȣ˿ӵݸ
ԷȻӹ豭űӣһ
ݹĿձתҪߣȴһֻʵ֣̽˿ķ϶׽סһƮƮȹڣ߬С
ס߲򣬵ȵϣͷȥӨۣâţ޼ɵĶ
΢΢
֡ͺȥеȹڣ˲ɡ
ɩɩﲻʹôֻϷ֣ɫҲõģ
кιϵȥԼȹ˿ֻ㷲־˾־ֿ£Ʋһֻȥ
ѽϻһ˫ˮ˯Ьۼֿ׽סȹǣֻֻ߬˯ЬҶָ꣬﷢̣ϼ
Էٲ֣ҿɺˡĿӨӨŭŭ
ԷʼЦЦ֣תȥ
һֻţֻ߬ķ鷢ᣬ߲·վ˰ΣƵĻԷ
ĳһռͻȻ徻һ԰ո£ǽߣ»棬ԭѽƶ꣬żҡ
³ʮʩʮ󳵻˽˴ڽ̻ʮգزʱ˻Ҳ˼õһЩױŰβ
Բ֪Ӻδ֪Ϣɶ͵͵˸СùļױֻǾϲĩļױ׵ֻԺԣУӣǾӣҪʿӣŰβ⡣
΢Цר顣
ļױʱԭȵҲȥռһݣеĶˣʣЩѱ죬ҳСԼеģ꿪ٱ
һͬʩԺҲҪļױ
ʩȻеģöС
ȥ裬ʵллл硣
ʩĴЩһȥ԰½˱˵ġĲãˮϴʵ龰ÿտԽд𣿡
˿Ȼԡ
ϣϴڼ԰ɹ̫ʩִվһʯ֣д꼸ֽڼ԰ĻȪϴʣ԰ˣȪīˮ֪ԼĴԼһǽ
ֽѲ̫д̨֣Ѷסȥĥֻֽչ࣬Ǵ˾ͷʯϣִд֣ŲյһԽ̵
˵С鶯ѧдֵʱ䲻дĲÿСʩģǿֻܸ࣬ϲȱȡ
ʩŵǰһס֣ƽȣ߱ʣҪ֡
Ҫ֣дĳһζһƣλҪЩ
ƾĶۣȷǼӱˡ
ȵĺ䣬īѩ׵ֽϣձʺȣ߬ĽƲ࣬ߣֽ˵ķǣմȾıԡ
ѧôãΪβټأ
ʲôģǿƳˣ߶ΪΪҺαغʮ꣬Զءר־д֣񡣡
վǰд˼Уֵ԰˼ҵǸ֣ĸĸ˵Ҫ԰԰ӡһ˵𷨡
ʩһۣҲĬĬЩңǸ֣ʶҵô
㼸꣬ǵ㣬ֻǲ㡣ʩʮĹŮЩŮշת˷֮أ˽ҷ˳Ǵʱϳϳ浽ٸҲҪԹ˾ġ
΢΢սֵòȻޣ£ȴŮˣôԺúõĻء
ҧ磬ûбķӡʳΪЩŮѩޡ
ʩעŮҲô
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΢ЦĨȥЦҪôҪϸıųɰ


20 
ͶԼңÿ԰˵Щ𷨻桢Ӧ򷢶գ޹ʣ꽥ϣ޿ЩҲ˼ǮѰ˼һףӶա
ӾˣͳԼҵͷ죬̸˽ֲͷд˵˼ɣ˵ԼһԶֶɥף޵֣Ǿ¥õĻƣΪҺʵҲʱ԰޳̡
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˾̾һأ۵ȺӣǼӣÿֻӾǡ
۲ҵҲһеȸԣ֮ң紵һ͵ҼֶЩҰģͷͳǼˣнûģӶڿ﷢ùҲٲȥ̽̽·
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԰ͼͻȥԷǣʮ¾Ӷ˰ԺǽĻڣݲݣȴӸ˼ҿʼ
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ǿԷ˿԰ӣƿڵΧĻֻǱߵķȫ˸ɾ۰׵ĸǽȴӷ۱һǣˮۺᴩ԰ӣͤ;˸ʯԷָĳĳĳ裬ͷʵʱǿɶ۰Ͱ͵ĵ
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԰ȥʱټɩɩ
һӣмʱ򡣡ƮƮĻ
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ԲԶԶĵЦһ죬˫˫˸ɩɩ
ߣҽȥͷƣɱǿ˲ǡһǣһһ˫˻ȥ
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ʩ͵Դţ˿ͷͨɫƽĲô
ԸˣŨ


21 
ĽŨһǼޣʩٶȹ⡣
üͷСһڣ飬űҪӣ죺
۰Ͱ͵Ŀʩ硣
ƵӹŮе룬ⲻ棺⼸ȫȹ⡣
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Ů̲סͷһЦһֹɫ־סӣڨڨ˵ʲô
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Щ棬ЩˣһԵŮ͵ЦŭĶͷǿһŤ롣
Ǿ͹ԹԺꡣ³
ƲƲ죬ӹ룬һڿüһһ룬ֱ뽪Ǹﶼǽ˿ܵסӣͷϥϣ硭ø硭硭
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Ҫָıƿڴ̧ͷҧŴ³֣ˡ
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ˡ
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֮ͷѩƮ໯ˮټʩϷ˺͹ƣϲֶ˾һԵС䣬һһ
ʩĸ˼Ȧλӳ§ϲͷ˯һֻϣůͣҲøǣֻʩϷһľ£ڸǡ
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ڴʩҪȥıߣʩ꣬ˣһɡ
ȥҲЬųȥơ


22 
תڽҪؾƣ԰ͭǮıʳҪڽֽΪ̵ֶ꣬ƳСڷҲҪüĺ÷ױҪڻͲܷˣͷŶվһЦ
ҲҪģԣҪǶǰ߶ף˵δڶµԺ˳˳εͷ
µũҰζ괬ĹʱʣѼ͵⣬ػؽʩҲæĽŲմأǰǼգδŴӰżȥ԰ҲֻպŻ¯ȲԸ⣬˵Ѿüδؼ԰סˡ
³һʩֻһϣŷʱʱԺи˶ҪдҪ浿ʩϷҪȥͷ㣬ææҲɿ
԰ͣ˹ĻѾ԰ӶȦûй֮庮˶ʩϷ˵ȥΧһơ¹⣬÷ƾţͶ壬϶೤⡣
ϲӣæ˵¹˶۹˽ǳȺȾȡ֣Ӧϯﵯˣ䵱ﻨ
α̿ȥɽˮ屻ѩŮȥһǹȤζǽ̰Щεӭѩòţᣬӹ֣Գ˯˯˻һգȵֻ§ѩ죬ߴߴ˵˺һֻɵȥ
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ѴţȻҲ͵ĺʱŷдҵıͣ;ȴ˶ϱ˵Ѿȥ԰½ıڣ䣬ŴصģȴĦ֮Ůӽϸϸ»Ҫȥͣҵȹ
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ʩǰ̻Ƭ̣ǰͬŷҪ
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ұ磬١̿͵⽭˵·
ŷȥӭ͵ʩҾҾ
ԭ̼ұֻ֣ǹϵ֣ЩҲֻһ棬̣Ƕ磬ȥ⽭ޣô˴·̽һ
ԭǱˡʩԸ;Ͳ˵˼仰
β˵һһ˫ֶֶŮҲһ
ʩ¶Щ֮ɫԸˣȥС㻽ˡ
Ǵģһˣ޵Ǻδľ˾ˣδδ
ֽԨԴ˵һ˵ʵʵЩȷ٣ĨĨ᣺˾ˡѲˡ
˴󾪣ֶŮ⻰ʲô˼
ȥԪ֮һһʮٵ˵Ĩᣬ˵𼴽ޣֶŮĻ£û˰ģﲻڣ׾˾ˣ£޲ǡ
¶һ˿֮ɫŵģ⡭⵹أ˾ڽֻ·ȽӪΪá
ŲϣʩվһԣҲЩΪ֮ɫ˵˰ջ֮ʵڲǲкˣֻСأЩ£¡
ַԸˣ˳һ̣ƿһ۵һһ˳·ֻãٺúд
ֱֱĶӵͷʩԸ˸ͣ˽ͳš
˫˫վţᣬԶȥ
µӹĽѸ٣öԲԺɢգһֱ㰸ڳȥ
ͷգʩϷкȥʩϷŸͷµͣʩϷЦԺԵĺųˣԲȻ룬˸ԺףҲ˼׶ȡٹʱ׼ҶҪ˵ˡ
˶һԺԽˣͷ͵ųﱸ˵ϲˡ


23 
ڷŰգŷһԼСȥ참Сһ̵Ļصżң˵Ժ֣żظϲʤϲԲأ
ԲʿѧϢ֪ҲˣһЩһֱĸ׾Ŷ鿼ԣòóţϲߣԼĸ׻סʲôȥ
ȥһЦȻҲҵ¡
ڣûпȥѰŷ˼ճľɹӣæȥѣȻᣬѶҪأյͬҲйæģ׼Ǳź참Ϣ֪ˣСȥϢˡ
Բ룺ĸǲ˺˵һһ˾ȥ
ȻһʱᣬѶأʩҺ԰ˡҶǲ˺ԷҲæһպϣѧ˺ͽֿ֪Բѧϻ۶ʶҪµǣԲյһκȵ΢ĻñϵֻҪüȥŷ˿ЦãŮԲȰ˯£Żݡ
Բ磬ֹھӣڹٺ󶼵ѧʣΨӣ̳׼ӣŷԸߵĳԶҲҪԺֻ֮¶Ů鳤ԣʱ˼һʱϲǲΰ룬ϲԺɻ飬СȻٰüǵ̫Ժи̣ΰù
ŷҡҡͷݽЩ˼£ǰԺȥ֮ҪѧѶЩЩķı֮࣬ʩҺ԰˼͵ĹأʩǶŮ׼ңЩǿŮԼҡŷһʱ֮ĿɴгϢҲ˽ύ޺֮⡣
µףӺ֮ʣԲѧ֮ǰŷ˾ٰ˳ͻһǴлҶԲգҲԲĻ£ҪǰðЩͷӭȢںͱϯЩҪһһʩǰá
ͻԭδңſҽҲУ԰ӵʱ򣬿ҿѧҲҪ븮ѧ¶Ҳ٣ϱȲʱǰﶼ˿ֲ룬ѱҲ룬ֻȥǲУȻƾܡ
ŷ룬ǵʶ˿ңϯգŮǼüһãҿͣæŷ˽Ųմء
ʩϷ˶Լ޺֮⣬Ķ࣬żϣֻǽ֣Щ棬ʵβڣ
԰ЦǰЩս˸ף¸ɶӣТ˳Լϣ󣬰ֵˡҸǰֻ̣ÿ˵Щǡ
ʩϷգô꣬յøҲǰ˴ƣȥ
԰˵¿ֱ֣࣬ȥҲһ
ǰͶ븮ʮأ԰ЩؼϣԾѹ
ʱʩϷߣһ˵ǡԲʩһ棬һ˷ɣ˫˫ʩϷ˺԰Ҿ
԰˵۹⿴òԺãͷ͵ģʩǲԼĵúøУۼǰ;԰˻ƫЩϧˡԲųģֿϣͷ·ߵԶֻѾ˻䡭ǿϧ
Ļ£ֻǿӦԣתһһЦûûεģ־ͷۡ
һʩżҶ˰գɢҲϸϸȲ˵Щ͵ˮӺȹ̫ۣݻɫŻȥĸ˵ʩԲ˵˸˸Žȥ
ʩǼöü۵ɫŵûһɼҩ㣬Ȳ΢˶١
пҩ̣ͨҩƫƫҩζǼϤġ
ʩż̻ҹùߣʩȥɫֻ˫̺죬ԣ΢΢ţǷϲõ顣
˵Բһ˫Ůǲȥˣ˺ˣ͵ȥ٣Ҫļʱͼ޺˽ףߵÿһҪЩĹ۽ϲǮ΢Сϸڣ̺Ŷ˵ףֻŶӶร٣ټϲ졣
áá
Ŀʶʩϣûнͻȫת⣬һ˿˿ɵ˳˸ϲùâӺڴ
ãֵͷβ˼ıŰԼ޳ȥ
ʩֹסĿ֮⣬һĳạ̊́ݺɲݳҹϴģûеõȻҲ̸ʧȥ
ֽνǿྡԴŸףӶϱТ˳ֵһΪɹ۵Ĳƣָ˰óɶӣ֪ǷТһŲסͺǼһڣҲǳ֮ƣ޼Щӣһ˲סİġ
ɶֻǲܣⶼǸǮǸԸãӣٻҲ١
ЦеģģﶼУȥ
ϲл˼ԼٽֵŷסЯЩ¥ʣµľƲ˻ؼңһȾƣͷҳԾƣȨǨ֮ϲһֵһƱյƺȣνƺԣɶӺ˾ƣǵͨ죬ֵ˵С£ֻûеӣ׷ֺǵҲᡣ
ͷһЦһˣһţϸԵ֣һ
Դһ˹ϵΪȣ潫һҴ׶һ㣬øУڡ
ͷʮӣٽ˶֣ܸ࣬ڼвȫֿЩСģҲЩ£Щɶ˵ҲЩ˼ֻھ¥ͷֻ׬ļǮҺڶǿ
ͷ˵ĸ˼ЦŵùǮиȥÿµõİ˷ϢǮҲһӳԺˡ
ֶ˼ɶϣֽԣһҶҺʵıˣǮϢǮߣ˵ٸϣ˽Ǯծ˵棬øס
ӿӪһûʲôգҲû·ӣҪƣǲסͷӵȥܱЩÿյ裬Ագ˻ǹ鴦
ͷסͷδؿ
ûգͷϲ˵м˼ңתʹʮĶϺõˮͬͷǵׯһֻۣļֻҪʮӡ
ЩӡüҲϧôգҲֻʮˡ
ͷӽһԥֻ̾ȻȱЩǾͰˣ࿴ɡ
ɶĬĬ꣬վʮӹҸ֣¥ҽģĹǮҪոá
һȥּǸͺ˵˹˹ģµˣ˫ǩ˶ʮĶԼøսӡ
֪˸սʱ֦ڣˮţϸһأ̰ƣһݵĶ˼ҹǰռͣٲʮӣؾ͹С
ֻһʱĶȥȥͷӳ⣬мҵ̣ʶЩ£赱ӣǮֻȡֻ֣Ҫׯ˻ǮܳϽ³֮һƥвɡ
ּĻͷԣͷӺ͸ɶЮȥ֧ӣԼպϣ
¶ǵ̵ĽҲδϸǩֻѺʮ׻䶨ȥӶϱź˯£ֻȥ
⼸űֵͷۣһ˯ĻѲ֪ʱֻӳ˵裬ȴþδһݽԿգһ˽ޣһЩЩıþ߶գֻʣЩţ¾ɣȥӣǽʮͬԭȵʮɣ˲ͷЬ鿴ǡշӡ
Ҹɶġ
ƿƤҲʶĸɶӣһ£ոպշ
ֲţ˿ǣһһԼţ޷ֻȥ¥ȥѰ¥ĶҲǾ¥ﲢ˵ƣѰ˰ɡ
ʱηѣͷɢȥѰͷӣȥѰׯˣͷֻЦԼݵĸɶӣѰʲôã֪ĶȥˣٺúȥѰѰ
˵۸ңҵĶҲˣȡˡ
գڽ˰Σƺ԰˵ڽβһҴҵıǰȥȴġͶװĺס֣߰ɡ
ִʧɫʲô˼ңʱҡ
Ͷȴֻߡ
գˣ·үĵĴ̱ڵϣֻÿ޺ﻹհִüĿģ
·˺棬ϸ˿޵ң̽һͶŲæӻжֵֽˣתҼˣʮգǩֻѺҼҽʮǩ˸顢ּӡͷдλ뿴
һȷǰֽ˼ҼͷūҲ޻˵ۼ˽ϸ¿ס㣬֪δȥ
¿߹հ˹գ֪ȥ˺δֱŽһӣ˵ƾкҲӦֻÿͣѵһЩķʳ
պ˽˳ȵĽŲº͵ֵ
ֱĥգǻˣɵôһ
ʩСˣ
ʩºЦҡ
ΡҺСԩ޳Ҫƺҡ
ǺأֻЩ֣κһֱص˵ˡ
ֿµ۾Сʲô
־һʲôʩҼиˡԼЩԨԴּǵðɡ
Һ͹Ϸ׷ǹʣܺ͹󸮵˴ϹϵҡҡͷСϴ˰ɡ
ʩݸһЦݳһֵģ⴦ãһݣ⽭ǰһݹٸѺһƬģֻּ仰
ֽ˿ŻҲѶС˵κС˴ɷģЩǾ£ˡ
ʩƹһϻӣֽٴʩȡߵһӣɻ֣պʩұ괬Ҫ£ֿɴһߡ
ʵڳϿҵŷʩˣֻ飬Ҽʵڿأų²֡
գգۣ˿Сʲô
ʩֵͷεҵСʱ飬һֱ˵ˣֻǵô
ֻ˻ģ£ɽһũģũһҪȥͶԶݣôͰ͵
һֱźӣЩСĲҲֻ󣬲̫ĺӣӶȥŮҲǻũΪβ꣬ǻ˼˵ҲҵĺӣһǰиŮŸĺɽѣǰŮũһԽ׹ѺӼũң˵Ժӡ
һȥˣ⺢ʱũһҰѽ׹ǮˣũͲ͵
ũ˵⺢Ӹʱ򣬻ܱʫ˵ٻֻǺ˵ŽˣǸ˼ҵĺӣ˼Ѱһֱ꣬һ˿ϢҲޣʱҵŮĳڣϲҾ԰ˣӡ
ʱʲô֣
˵ԼСţǼũ˵ŮСţֻߵĴæ֪ĸֻ֣оŵľţһֱСţҲһֱСš
СźСƣһһȡ˵
Ǹأ
ǺӺСŲв˻˵겻ˣǰںɽһ£СžͱˣҲ֪λŮһ˽ˡ
⺢ӣЩ컯ȻģͻȻһ̾СıȱĺӸͨ͸Щ
ʩ˼ãôЩ꣬ûٵҹô
һˡ
Сߺһ꣬ĳһиѰʱѾˣ˵˽ӣ°¶ȥֻ˵ѲŮǷָǸ˶ŷؿһ٣վͰѷǨˡ
Ǹ˭Σ
ʱͶֻ˵رãǷǽһˣĲ߲òͨЩӢʱ£Ҳûϸϸ˵ֻǵЩ
ʩͷлֽ֣ԣؿƿ
ַԸˣ֣պ괬ȥͷ
ӭȥСҪΣǷŻδã
ʩ룺պˣȻԳУֻ⼸ڣÿЩؤɵţӿ͡
գӾúϵˡ
飬˶ô˺ۣʬף̧ݲ


24 
ֵϢʩУҩ￴ж΢΢Ц
ûһնŲ
һͻ˵ʩĿһŵ΢ָͣڰֹʲô˼
ȻĻ磬ȴҲ̫ɵʱҲԼԼЩ֪ʩ˼ǰദʩơʩƶ´󷽣ϵƭ˵ʩƿҩ̷ҩģҲδĶӪǺӭȢӣͷӦ˲强ʩլأҩ̵棬ֿ̣ʩҵӪŻ
ͳֻΣɩļòϸüۣȣͷһؼߵϧţòήǰ㾪Ϊˡ
ʩԸƼɻǵһ㵭ЦҲůţԼ˷䣬Ҫؼȥ
ҩҲԶ˳ֹȥ·һ֦СһʱδӦǳů߿Ļ֦ز֬ڣʩҲһ֦˳ϸţȥ
¶ţȴСϲƨſڲݴԻˣһһ죬ű޶һݵأŪǽ塣
ôˣ
ʣǹԹﶫһأͬʩʺã硣
԰ڶ̶ҽ档
λأ
Ƕ廨˵ǳЩģһٻȥϲԼҴ磬ֿ˳ŵһҲҽô
ʩЦͷԭ̧ҪߣȴһƳϲŵĶҪһԭһҳֽɵϸͷŻյĺۼ
԰ӿô죿
ϲʩʣЦĵݸиѣջͱ档
ݴﻹűմҵľ飬ʩ죬ʰһǱƤġ˵Ľ֡˺٣Ƥմ࣬ԷһͷдСעī¾ɣҳ鲼
ۣѻڵĽסְһ̶ˮҹƤϵ࣬ƽ˾ƽʣͱѾͱѣ棿Ķģ
֦աֽһЩϲ֪һ˿£ȥֽб£Ļų棬óˡ
ʩѧ֣Ǵ˵Ľֿʼġ
žһǱڵϣʣǵأ
֡Ծȥˡ
ȥ˵͵ģոչҶ˳ʩ꣬ů͵Ҳ˿
ͷ죬һԭֹڵϿͷģܵѾſ޳һš
ôˣ§סӰοο޳
ǡͱ桭
һۼʩɫɫ䵭˿ֻۣںڳעıɻ䣬ƳǽᣬʰһסͷһæȥϵҪͣʩԵֵǴȥϷǰ췣
鳳ʩϷ˶һȥְأŸ𣬸Էʮӣһµڷһգַϲ೭ҳ顣
ʩĸǰ˵ɫӦԼȲ裬һȴϰ£㷲òװʩҪؼ԰Ҳһվʩߡ
ʩǰںಽʩߵļҲż硭硭
Ǳǰʰȹʩͣһϧ鱾Ǹҵ飬һ䱦ҾϲСˣ
ʩ˼԰ӭҪ˵һɫһɫߴҴҶʩתңһͷҲȥ
ʩͷһۣԷ
Էǰֹҳѣƹ𣬵Ҫˮ֣ҪˮڣлǱŵϻմ࣬ɫŵվſ
ƫףȰŵ³˳ûʲôô
硭Īĺ£ͷֻ̱ĲյҲϦ׹ɽһԾǳҹ
˵ĻҶš΢΢³һ̾ҶţҲ
硭˫ֽȻǰⱾ飬˯⣬һһֵĽġ⣬׻׻̻壬Ҷǵã
ѿɣҲµ飬˸˼ѾòϡŴľ£ҲˣҲˣ˰ɡ
ʱҲ΢΢ۣǸ͸ҵ飬òõϣҶһֱš
ʩͷȲ費˵
üɽԶ۲ᣬ滨뵡ûȥɣȥԭֻһ仰ѾˣԴ˿ɰģ鲻ʲôģһѣ㲻ʲô
ɺȥǰڵͷĿĶվƬ̣Ȼһţĵ˳ȥ
̧ۣ˫Ŀβ΢죬һ֬βұޣĺɫҪƣסˣһᡣ
˵ֲ֪ӺʱʼҲǴӳǿ̾Ѿڣò棬ʩϷ˶ˣǿͿǲҪˣĨˡ
ȷҲ̫æˣѾůĻڼѾΪæĽŲմأʩҲҪ´㣬Ҳ̫ˣʧ˯ţֻúͬߣĻҲڲ֮Լϲų깤һЩҪһæÿʩҴҼһ棬ʱҲδһ
Ǳ飬ʾ֭˸ӣȥͷһģһԭֻǺܶǰرѺѰԲŴ£Ҳ˺ܶطҵһ͵С
þҳ滻Сճ벹ȫ޲͵˼԰ֱ˻˵ʩ͸飬δá
ԸҲ޿κΣͷ׷ң֪Ťתȴתһ룬ڼʹ˽֣ʶʹ˵ţҲĺڵȴޡ
ҽæŲ֮õĸɫƷżҲУŷ˸ɫҪõģǰӣίȥҪĶӣҪҤյյϵĹ۽ҲУʩҲС԰괺ﱾкЩ£һʱʩҶæŶŮ£ϾҲǼźЩӶ˵
ʩʱʱʩϷ˲ʹţԼȥЩЩ࣬𽥸ЩʱȥʩЩˣҲһһյ裬˵ϼ仰
԰ײʩͻǰɫӯȣüʱѵ˾Ů⣬ܲú̫׽ҸñС
ͷҲǲʹ죬ԼĸױŲ֪ȥٹٻ˼ҵϯ棬ٱˣֲ֪ĸ׶߶Һֻˣ˵˼仰ˣҲûЩʲô
ûЩʲô˿ˣ֪ôȥ԰˶ڼ£ٳй䣬꾲ЩڼŮҲգдҲãҲɣҪĲգõó֣Ҳ˹Ŀ࿴
ղǱǱǸҪҼ޵ĸôϧˣƵϵ˼ƲңƲϵҲޡߣһﶼۣΪԼŮжãĸˣ޵
һҹûԣԼͷ˯԰ҲͷۣЪˣЩͷ²
ˣȥҽҩʩҩ̵ĵԴ¶ʩϷ˶УæԼʩȥ̽԰ˣ˺ЩҩŷҲ԰ֻ⼸ԼʵڲУǲȥԼҾĸ
ȱЩѬϲݵĺŷѰ˼Լв˾װϵı괬ѰЩϼѵĻɫŲŲʩҲ㣬ȥһ鲻͵ˣαƸ·ȥ򣿡
ǴȢޣѲȢõĶҳôŷʹԼӣҪϺЩģ㣬ѬζŴ
գŴһֽŷ˴һҲס߶ĶѰģ˶ӣ
ʵˣŷֻ˵ֵۣɵʶƭ˻֪
ĶЩֹŴպðɡ
ɲɣȥõŷ˲ϣܴպϣ㣬ʱѬ춼һӵǺζ
ֻһŷǲ⣬ҪպЩƣЩͷԼĸ߶Լɻʱĸ׻δļ֣صԲźõƫĵĺ̲סӿѿڶȢŮҲǶõĺ㣿ҼҿȢʩҼ޵ĸ֣
ŷ㣺˵ʲô
ѳڣͷ˲ʱѣͷ˸᣺ûû˵ʲô
ʲôŮŷɫ³ʣŸ˵Щ¹ؼ˵˵ҿɲ㡣
ҧҧЩԭżͷģ˵ʩҵԭ⽭˽潣ʩϼ͵͵ģϼһ͵͵˽ˡ
ǴӺε֪⻰˭ҽͷ˵
ŽͰͣ˸ѣͷķ׷ֻǲ˵Ҳֻż˱ڽԼȥǼٱ֪һ
ԭֵһͷѩģѩͼò¿ͣʹֶģҲûģϹܣ罺ᣬ޻̸
ѩиɵĶͣʩҵ壬ֻǽߵĲڣȥѩ˼ģֱԵ˵Щ£ѩ˵׵ܼӭȢʩжĹӯӯЦû뵽˼ңҲԸףͷҲˣֱϲƺء
ʲô˼
ѩıʩҵżҲд˾ƣ˵ӵĻ˵Լһ£˵ǼиҲһĳǺã˸ֻǺֲ㣬Լˡ
ϴԣһף𣺡⻰Ǽ٣
˵ģǼūҲ֪˵ʮа˾ŵ棬ūֻЩҲδ⴫ֻǹ˽ҲôһҲңֻͷǧĽˣ˭иùޣǰ̡ѩĨĨỨڣɱ˵ȥģҲ棬ǻʩҹǵôɱҲɡ
Ųĸ֪˵֮£ڳ˸ѣȴĸŷһ࣬һףһת˵ϣǶ˲ˮǴ˳
֮ŷɫ࣬Ųߣ׳ҲҪȥ
ŵţˡ
ʱʱǲ磬ҪʩϷ˯£ŷ˵ŷã㣬Ϊ׼кνҪ£æѳӭͣȴŷŭĽʩϷ˵Ƹϣֽ֣װдҶȢӣϷ¶ǺȫСձ˳Ц


25 
ʩϷԭĵĵǺͽţżҪ£һŷ˴ԣɻ󣺡׼˵ʲôʲôװףң
ֻϷһ仰ĸʲôʲôˣ
ʩϷɫ˲סʩƽŸͷס̥꣬ʩǱ˸Բڣǰǰŵͷ
ŷŭĿϷˣϷ̧̧򢣬ʲôҶӴ⽭檣ﻹڣ⻰Ǻ˼
䴫ķзĸ潼˳ȥָӼ˽˶ЦżѰź¡ŷŭɶžһǻŭɨҼδƽϸϹĳȴɹƭڲҼƸʱҲڳ˵ģ˵Ůĸ˼ҳѲίΪ檣ƷвҲƣ˾ĻǸģ硣ȥԪﱻ°ҼһҹϵȥѰˣȴ֧֧ᣬˮģֲãֲûˣǰҼҵԩͷס
Ҽһ£ǹ䣬̹̹˰֣ϷˣʣڶŮƭˣ飬ĳ
ʩϷ˵˻ͻͻһѪӿͷһδµһ仰Ҳ˵ΡΡ˳
ˣˡҼϷѸߣܲ⻰˵ʵĺлú˵˵﻽Բɶ˲ˮҪ̺
ʩϷɫ࣬βʿǰӰһȦ˶ȥ˻ɤӵ׼ǴķԷֱŭײʩסʮ꣬˭ҼţΪ˱֣׼ֳ˿ɹƭ֮ͽ
ŷ˱һɫɲ˻ַѴ飬Ѩ磬Ѳɻм١
Ӷͷ£ͷͷĥһأЩ⣬ϸ־ˣæ˸ӣȥ԰Ѱ
׼˵ͷԣʩ´δһҶɵ檣飬ʩҾ˾ҸˣҼһѻҲûС׼ףȽҪʵŮУŮҪҲƷԵУҼ⺢ӣ׼ҲǧٰҴĳ̴ýʵЩһһʮҼҾʵ棬ʱֺɹƭ֮˵
ʩϷһڼ׼ڵĸʲô˼ԴķзƾоݣǴﴫģ
ŷһ˿ףתһֲԣҪ粵ͷˣһʩһԲ
żԼĸŭʩָ˵ʲô飬ȥԲԲæϴӼ԰ʩһδãææʩϷ
˲ȥһԣ٣ĸ˵ͷǿҼңǸģҼǸ̻ʲϸϡ
ʩ䣬һ˫ѩһŷɨŷ˾ҪںεأǲȢˣ
ԲͷǺʩϷҾȥԼĸףĸʱͿͷĻš
װףŮӣҼȻȢ
ʩЦһʲôװףʲô˭²ŵȣҲŵôǰӵŵڣ͸һȣЩףſھ˳ֺˮҡβǶ˵ķǺ͵䷶
磬硭ˡҼ֮ԲսţҾ㲻ǣԼĸ׾ߣĸףĸǻؼȥ
ŷɫʱҲЩãһϣε 
˹˵Щй˽ߣҲǿʩ¡Ҳǿϲ⵹Ҫ˻ȥú룬ǲǽͷ̫ʲô˸Լ¡ʩױŷֱߣҼòƷ£ļױӣ綨ףֵ𣿡
ʩϷ˵ͷȲ裬ʩԲɫŷ㶿ֱߵĵӣҼȻŷ˻δعһˣĸ
ҲǴҴҶ޽ǻɢţ˫°׵Ьĸ
ôˣ
ʩϷǰɫȻĸĸ˻ء
ãԲɫɷף˻顣
תŷˣ˶˸񣺡ҵŮ˼Ҵҵ£ĸ⿴˼仰
ɸϿƸ¸ͷҲһֱӷˣնԾ˹þТַؼգͷЩԣټ٣˲֪飬Щ˵
£һؽģǰһֱ⽭¶ĸ£ȫ˽ӼòԴӷĻǿѨ磬òãְ֣ʵԴֿ࣬Ϊһƣӵ꣬Ҳ޴߿࣬Կηˮ˵þãһֻҪһ˵࣬˳ɻʲô̻Ůӣ֮أ׽Ӱûûˣ÷ˣҵĸʩĶôܰȵ
ȥ°ȥ˽ˮϣ˽Ǳ°ֻ˲֪࣬ʩжŮмҵĸֺαظȥ˽ѰҲѰʱ˹̻֮أǰ࣬ѵҲҪգĸͼĿԣ֪˵Ҳã˵ĴҲգҹҹֻ챣ӣҵϸˣϺӡ
Σǰܵ裬ǿ̻֮صıҾأⶼĴҲǹ¿˺˱ƣݲһ˵ֵĶŮӣгһҵסĸ˻飬Ըҵĸ˸ЦԺԲߵԶҲԸǣ
תʩϷˣĸʩ꣬߾Тն̣Ҳĸ߶֮꣬֡
תԲҭһţʩ 磬ҹĸҪЪˣܷͷ˺Բȥ
ϣˣŤͷתһյơ
Բǳˣᣬ˼ǧټӰµٷʣá
ûκһˣǶһյ¶ĵƣGգ綹һӰĴæż¯
¯ּ΢ɫˮճ¯ĲɫյдһƵķɫǳ׺죬ˮϴĵ죬ѣ˼Уȴ̫ǡ
ʩҪͿͣԲ£ҷòȢҲòҪ˻顭
ԶȥĬĬתȥʩϷˣĸҷطЪϢ
ʩϷ֣㷽Щ
ûв͸ǽܻ֪ܵ˵Щʲô ҵ£ĸۣһġ
֣̾жλʩϷ˰˯£ӣԲֵأԼȥ
ʩͷվš
ůҹů࣬ʪĲľɬϢǹɫĻ
ô𣿡̧ͷɫֵࡣ
Ҫ޵Ĳ𣿡Ҳ΢Ц֣ѺɫΪһ塣
ŷĸ˳ʩм˵Ⱥ򣬼ŷɫľȻԲʧǣٻĸϳ
ŷ˱һֵȫޣֻ޵ݣ־ЩطЩ֣ԲԼĸȡ֣ϷǸɡ
ڶһ磬ʩϷԸҪȥСסգҸ徲ЩɽɢɢģվͻĸӦҰɡ
ʩϷ˵ż
ĸŰɣĸ꣬ò
еô򲻿٣ü޹ȥٳԿͷҲصɱɱŷ˵档
ʰҹͬ˯֪ŷ˴ҴִҴȥٿͷ˯̲ס׳ʲô飬Ҫȥס
ҡҡͷҲûʲô
Ůѱ£ڸţ鶼óúɹһɹ̫ɽջ
żʩ˵ִ˲Զ۶ǸʩϷ˼ղתԲֻ˵С㲻ڼңҲ֪ȥĶò˽ҵ£˵ȥСס
ҲûˣԲ⼸տɺã
Ȼĵͷ˻ƣֻòá
裺Һܺãֻڼסˣɢɢġ
˰Σ˵˺һỰͷ­Ĳ˵ȥߡ
ĸ³çδϵ⼸ռҲȰ࣬ĸҲ֪޲õǸؾԭɡ
ԷˣأδֹֻǾһ£˴˽٣Ժ޲Ҳ˸ҡ̾
һúû㣬ܰίҵʼõġԲǣҪר顭СլӣȥԼЩģ븮ѧܽҺͼ˵ɻǰȥסòá
𣿡Цӯӯģƺ̫ã
Եģа취ס֡
ϲĵͷĿӯӯĿץסӣɬɣˮһξһһ֣ͣ΢ָᴥĴ꣬Բ硣
һޣӻţѬů壬ֻоĥĸŨң򣬽£ɸ硣
һγ֬ζһַҷ嵭㣬ζ֮۵ĴȻ࣬ΡΡݼ䣬Ҫ
ӿ˳޷ƣĶ壬󶼻һߣعű˴˴ݵģ
Ըճɾ
ҪȢؼҡ
һ˫һζͣͷԣʪʯϣһһ


26 
׾ƲУҵ̫Ũһ꣬ʽϸ΢ѺۣһƵӣŮӰһƵҵҿ
Ҷ㲻ô
۵
ǵͨ죬ɪɪڴ䣬һֻ׵ᣬǰ˲Ũ˲һֻ֣ͻϢʱѹ
ܡܺáɫף˻֣ͫﵹӰ£ɫˮˡ
޳ŴľӣһսԺɫףɫϣӲֱָۣ󡭡
һЦָĦžļҳĹͷס㣬Զ㻹᲻Һã
ֲ֪̿𣬼ɵĽƣӵҡҲ֪
ɿϵָӡɼ޶ãʩʩȻ´ۣȥϨȼ㣺㵱Ȼ֪
˼ȥȲ裬ɢ˵ԭȽʲô֣Ķлкˣν
һ˵ЩֻƣɢģͷţܹţʣʹǰֽС£۳ǣﻹ˫׺áƶΪ˳β
׺Ȳ裺ٻмڡ
зţٿҪѰһر˲ѣǷнվͰѷǨߣסֱʡڣ⽭ܷ㡣

и֣ر٣ʽ΢ʱȢϣԶΪ˺ˬŮӢʱΪ澣ĵü
ǼҼڽΪ٣ٶĲСֻǿϧʮǰĵ֮ﵱƷһСһ˱ȫ
ÿ꣬ϻصȥɨĹأϵ飬Сһֽ
СƣҲСţǾ
ԭתת¶Ŀӡ
ӵﷺĹʣ˵˿Ц
ʩ԰ӽĺܿ죬СԺѾɣҪİŴ֣ԷæŴԻݣͤвȣȻ˱ѣӣ͵չ԰ͼָֽӶ侰
ʩһĬĬ˻ᣬԷƼ˲ͼˬһЦǰҾ֣
Էֵ£ʻӣҲǼƽ̼֣ͨЩ£մۺϣ˫ӨۣƲۣϸɽ¶ˮ
ʩҲ񣺡Ϳ࣬ƲЩ¶Ҫֳæ
˽ݺȲ裬ʩһϯϣԷסʩЦЦӳ֮ԸΪţ֯Ůȵš
ԷɫܿתȻ곡Ϸѣ˸ȡ裬㲻ţ֯ŮҲı
ͶӲԼһεļ棬̰űãûҲνˬ֮Գˮ
ʩһЦһ̾ԭ˶ϲԲġ
նߣһһ⣬ûʲôõģűʩҵȥ
ʩڣ˵˺һỰҪȥӣȥ˺ͷҺȲЪϢû˸Ȳˡ
֮˼潥ϡ²ɵóԾڣ
Է֮һ˵Ц⣿Ҫץ˵İѱʲô
ŷҹʩ֮ºͿԷ˵ĸ˻ջڴϣʩϷȻ񣬹ͷţ²Ҫż鷳
˶һۣ̾һ˵˽鱻˽֪
ˣԷ
żҿϺ롭ҿݡֺαԼᡭҧ
Է˵¿ۣôҪ
ӹ꣬Լ㣬ȥѰʩЦӯӯסɩ£ȻȥѰˡ
ȻˣҲ˵һ졣
ʩȥٻ̣ͿԷɢԼʩȥʩϷ˴ʰ
öɢˣʩϷ˼ôأæʲôȥˣôУҲòϡ
ʩ˵˵ʩϷ˻ظЦߵĵڿЩԼǰջЩʱ˹Ϲһܿ
ʩܣʩϷ̾Ҳϲǰ˵԰Ӵ԰ϲϷϲˣһ֡
ʩסȲƣЦ֪ϲˣûҲۣʱʱš
ʩϷ˵ͷǰǽæЩҪҶǽһ˵˵
ʩţ԰ȥһ룬ֹ˹գеƣһյյƺ΢Ц֪˭ЦסŮҲ࣬òҲ֪ʱ¹ССɵĵʵĹ
ϣǰҹģţ⼸ն΢꣬ɫ㲻ϼѣҹϵգּȣ¶ռţʾɫɲʡ
δ룬ͻȻ˵תۡ
͹ЩĺϦɽ϶˼ϲŸ˾︱٣հѹûؼҽϴ
ǴƷĹְЩˮӵĹͣŸղŷĿбӣֻһͶ
ǰŷҹʩ£ԭǴǵĻŷ˻ζʩ˵ĻЩ޷޲ԣڵʣض㲻ֻõʵ飬ԭǺͬ٭ȥԺȾƣһļ˽º˵ұ֮ԡ
ŷ˰ΣŵҲԲĻ£½ڵĹȥĸ׾ͰҶȢؼңôһʷױĸͷݲ£»ա
̤ĸڣŷϣðλعͶϱ˵ȰŸҲϢˣܹޣأҲЪЪˡ
ͷݺױһ˸۵ģ鷿ȥȰݹҹ
ż䳰ȷһ˳ȥĲڴ˼ࡣ
¹Σۻ⼸տɲν⣬ѩַеĽű㽥ЩƮƮ֮⣬ǮҲͬ٭ȻƣϷ¥ͬ٭ֻٴࡣ
յĹ򣬲֪ĳķԷﴫٴ˶УһЩԵ鷭в˾ĿЩ֮ŵֱʣڵһǡϷ£˵˲һܻ̰֮£ǣ˵漰š
£ǴµĹֱۣȥĿְˣҪٵĹծԭծǨϲҾһְֱӳ嵽żҪծѷ˰֮ࡣ
ѩͷծŶֻŷ߿࣬Ժ˲ҹʾˮӣδ塣
ǰ죬ɫ࣬ʰҪңŷˣȽҪȥǰҪծˣҪȰŶδɢִ֪ӺδȺֵĸӵܣֵļȮ˿˺ôЦ
ԶԴѧûٰŴ˸Ѫˮ͸ѣŷ˱һϢĶӣɵͷ
´ʩҶʵЩҲЩüܾ¶ЩΣĩʱڣżֵòã¶ԲӰ졣
żҳƲͷҲܣŸͷԼҸɩȥһԼңľ˾ȻɽΪ٣ڽΪ˶꣬Ҳвٹϵڣ˵һһ˾˰æ
Ƿ·תصƿһȦŻڴԺˣв˾﷭˰ǹٸԭְƷĸ٣ТϷӣ׷أ͵͵˻˵ǷծծͼӣҲ֪˭侮ʯǳż
ת˽̾ŵǾ˾һæŵԱסš
ҲţŷˣնһǸмͻܵǸмԼңţúøлһˡ


27 
ŷ԰˼ȥлԲҲһǰ
ԲԸֻĸ׺͸ɩɩȥͺãڼдְɡ
Ҷȥܵʣһˡŷ˵ĻػضԼңÿνڶ鹦Σ˵ĶҲÿҲδ㣬δζҪ˵ξһȥʸá
ԲֲԼĸףֻһǰǶŵĹϵҲһˣӣҶһ˵Բŷ˻ᣬ԰ֱ꺮ůһʱѲֻӲͷƤ¡
ҲڣԲͷ𻰣һۣŴԲҲˣҲһۣĳ벻˸ۡ
ҲҲԲҾòҫĿĿ
ˡ԰ЦӶˣСʱʱʱһˣ׺ĸ飬񶼵ˡ
ŷ̾⣬ʹԼСӣȥСʱǰĺãҲҪ˾źá
ԲҲЩ˼ĸţһյȥǰúȲ衣
ǡͷҲԼźЦ廨ūȥϷ¥˳Ӽ˵ʱϷ˶ѰңһˣɲŮòһԣ⾴ģϷݵһģһ
⻰˵ķκģŷ˺Ͱ˿ԲиԻζһס줚[˶һۣЩ˼
³ʩϷžҪȥ㣬ҪޣҲһȥʶ˶ųţֻʣڼš
ùիʱɽǰǩͲǩﲻǰ˼ǩͲȡһ֦ǩ粵Ķϼǡ١͡ľ괺ѿмǩӡˮСֻ¼ɽ
һۣĬĬĽǩǩͲ
ʩϷ˹ңʻڣɫΣӭʩϷֹˡ
ʩϷΪǸԶף￴˿𣺡ǶСıˣ;ʩϷ˺ͶС㡣
ԭ١
ǰһΣʩԺд˴ŷϵãȰк˵ȥͨ
δﻹи֣һͷˮͶˣĸݣһ˫ЩˣͰ͵ĵˣ˵˵ϴʩδһһݣҴҼֶŮһ۱ˣº죬һƲˣٵʩϷ˺Ҷᡣ
ʩϷϹԣüͷ𣺡ǰЩλˣСʱλ˲
ʧûаֱ飬˰ûлػ˫۶Ҳϵ˾ˣ֮ǰδҲֻǼǰײЩӣˡ
ȻʩϷ˺ͶС㣬ʩϷ˾ͲòȥӦƲˣѱԵǽһƬپ㷹̯ϣǵĻյ࣬ʩϷ˽ϲ̵ĳֶŮ̫̫áá
˺üãӯݣʩϷ˺üȣͷ˵ֵߡݡ
ߵ񣬽ŲֱֱҶסҲ˵壬ʩϷ֮ɫֻȷԸ˷ȥЪϢ˵
ʩϷ˻ݣһ·ĬԣʩϷ˵˿ŵõġ
𰵰üʩϷͻݺȥ˼԰ʩ
ʩڼ԰˵ǸȥͷŵùңȥͷѰܳȥһȦǣͿ¥ȥˣ˵Щ
ȥʩδ飬ֻգڶһĸȥ緹ȻʩϷЦǺ˵Բʩ㡣
ټֱŽֶŮ˵⽭ķ飬˵ĸɫ£˴;Щпգٲڸ߶żɣСֶҿǵһμҲҪྡ˾˵һ⡣
һֿʩҽüòһֿϲ˵üɫ裬ʩϷ̲㷢粼Ҳãʩ˵˼䣬ٴȥһߣ粱ҪߣⶼʲôҪݣҲˣ˶ġ
Ѿͷú˵
ʩס˸գÿҲֻʩҴ⣬֮Ҫͬʩ˵ЩĵлҪϲ棬ϲŵļͶ㣬ֺ֮ᣬʩϷʵڲԸӦ֮ҪЩ̲⽭ȥҲֻ˲ƴڻֻʩҳԳԺȺȡ
ʱһʵʱ򣬼԰ﻨľ裬࣬Ѭůٻӵ
ʩȲ裬СϻյȻڵ
ü۶ţɫģȻδߣʩȴ¹ڳȻ˹ġ
ԣãһˮ䣬ʩڴ֣һˮС
ּĳʣ˵Ѿˡ
ԣûǵá
ǸƦı֣ǺִͨӵġЩɬϴ˵ϳһϷ˵ߵˣ綼аš
˵⻰ʩü
ֲǮҪֻڼ˻죬˭ָʹأ
Ǵ𣿡
ʩ۲˵
硣ʩ
ţ̧ͷ
ΪʲôأΪʲôҪһһ䣬ΪʲôҪΪң
кܾò԰˰ɡŴ԰о¡
ܾúܾ֮ʩЩ˳ǰЩһ⣬õļױǮȫˡ
˻ʲô˼
ʱҲóޣױգϣӹϲԲʱ᲻õĹɿɰþҶȥͷҹĥ񡭡
ĻǸ١ʲôϵأ
ʵżҲûôǲǣ浱ʩңãºαҪϵԲԺ֮ŷôڡܲ˵ĳ嵽õĳżҶǨϲϯ˺Щ̫̫ȴδʩҡԲźãʵСδرסã˼ҡò粻ޣڼС
лΪһ²ͣ˼ǣ˵Ҷ֪ۿһȣûʮȫʮżңԸ޸ԲϲοѾʮˣ˸ó޵䡭ֻȫ
һЦ˵ŷ˺԰ߵԲ÷ǨǵԼҵĺôԲڸѧͷͣ˿ǰ;ҹͷЩ뷨أŷͷ֪ôֹҪ˻ķءһĳ޵ԸҪˡ
Щ̧ͷǸĴż֪ʩ˸ˣ֪СһЩ£żȻԽ˵һϯ뻰ʩһˣǴϴŷķԷǸ紫ȥô
ôô룿Ǿȣʩˣ裬ʩ裬żסҼҰѱףҼҵӡ
ʩգգۣЦ򲻵ѣҲ𼺵ķӡҪףҪʩס
ҲԸ⡣ҧ
ǡҪٱ˲СĽõĸСţ˽Сƣĸء
סѵĶҲ׸˼Ҳޣסһ꣬סһôԲҲޱˣҪ뿪ҡ
ҿûһӵ¡Цֻǡ÷²⣬ϲöЦϲôߣϲøѡҺȲ裬ҲϲöԹֺãʱʱˣˡ
ϸָۣȥĴ֬Ҳϲõġ
ȻŤͷ֣˲:һֱѸ統׸翴׸磬ֳ
ֳ𡭡ݳһЦ⣬Ȼֳ縸þֳһԣȥĸŻˡ
ҲӦأɫ԰ףҪȥ˵ĲǸô缴ȥ֪ĸСǸƷȥżס
û뵽Լ㡣ȻЦòʩҶСȻãϲòã³ɲˡ
ĵǸҲɸ硭ǱˡǸס
ƺһȺʪһ£ȵĺѩ׵ľϣ
㡭ͷѣҲѬô
˲ʱŵĿ㡭㡭
áٻĸţ˿ţĻҪִ磬˶Ŀֻܹܿȸһˣˣһ˼ңٰͳޣô
Ҳ¼һкܺõġѾʱˣʲô׼ˣֻҪٵһЩʱ򡭡
òʩšңûһϣ޳ȥ


28 
ͻȻ񲻼ãֲ跹ҽҩʼ޼£ʩϷȥǰԸæȥҩ󸣡
ҪޣýʩϷȰŲ֪ʩҶС̽ù˵żֻǰմ˸˼䣬ʩϷôĻɵࣺ׼Ľôˡ
Ҳ˵ҽҲ֪æЩʲô
գǶԲЯЩ񣬽ʩ
󣬶ŷǰЩãѴϱȥòãֻ˵ͷ¶ȥ㡣
ԷʩŽ԰ӣϵݪù죬⼸æڹʩȥĿбӣֻڶʱ˵˶١
Ƕ˵ģǹӺ
ʩϷҲܶԲʹɫԲ˵仰ļǵģȥ
࣬޹⣬ɫ԰ףԲͷ۵Ĳ֪ôƵģǼһ᣺ˡ
ԲҲ֪⼸ֻšң̲Щͷʧ֮Բ絶ʣҲǽЩˣһʱ᲻ˡ
ξͶɩء
ԲɫҲЩ֮ɫĸæյÿá
ŶһԲɫæû˵һЩƽʱȤ£˺ðΣͷڻ֪Ҫߵʱá
ͷԲ硣
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֮Ϸϥͷĸ²˰ɣżң޹ȥҲкӹġ
ʩϷ᣺ʱˣ˻飬ǡ
ֻܽڣͷ飬Ȼʩȥ
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ͷʩյһ΢ЦۿĿͣ峺ˮ
ŲĿ⣬ʩϷ˵á
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ŷ˾ͷŭָʩǡǡ
Ҫ׵ôǷֱӰѸó
ſ˵ʲôһֱ죬ʱҪҼҹˣٶᡣ
ڶվзԷ֮Ϸˮʩҵı괬ϵĻˮˣ˴ңĳ̶̺Ѿתˣõļױˣ˽˴⣬żҼʩӪ䣬ƶδϱܲʣʶʩҷ˻֮⡣
ŷᣬȴͷ˼ڹϣɷҪ˻֮Ӧ
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ʩҳ㻹ȥʲôŷ˺ȥ
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ԲڱգԲȣʢŭк谭µĲɢҸջ˸ѻ٣줚[̾
ʩи˿ȼգݸһЦõ٣˰ɡ
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ʩ΢Цֻܷģֻƾ仰ҲҪһЩ档
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ҹʧͷߣ֪мڣȥѰԻŷ˼㲣յİ־ֲ𱸣Ҳ̲סĨ᣺㵫е־͸úúóϢʩҿҶ˵ż֪ʩҴʲôء
ԲƹֱԼȥ
˰ΣԲ̱ϳ䣺֪࣬ҲộԼ㿴ӣ֪ˣҲԸ㡣
ǿһ·ģҲδľ棬Ϊã͸ͬ˵Ѱᣬʲôú˵ǰ׺ǲҲЩѵĿء
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ʲôʩȥȥѧæҵĴݸͺá
Բԣԣҿѧȥ
Բ԰ӵĹ͹ʩң࣬컹΢΢Щ磬԰Բ߽߿
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ҺԲԵ޷֣ԲǾӣʵСëҲܶ࣬ʵĵҲδжϲң޹ȥҲкýģԺľ˹òϲǵ÷϶ҵʹˡ
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ҲûʲôԼҽãסĶסЦܴޣĲˡ
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Բ硣
Ծϴۻˮ档
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һΪƫƧĺӵ˺ӣ˳ˮ·£ꡢ򽭡ա⽭طߵĸԶǮء㡣
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ʩ΢Ц˿õͷմʪˣȥ
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ΪҶáעҲ˵Ļλȥĸ˻飬÷Ѿ˼ıĻ£λƾҵһϯ׷ءʩôˣƾԲξҡҡߵǰĻԳµĸĸö»ôݷݵıء
ôС취˽ӳҲҪ취ʩӳȥɡ
Ը͵ţţͶ
̾޵ϧúԲôе롣
׵ԽԽԽԽܣĳϣʪѹ׹ǰӰģ¸ģ
üϾǺ⣬ɫѰĲҰףĬĬǰǵأ޾
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һʼҲ֪ҲףõԲţҲöԳ֮Ū飬ʩļƣĺòңøȫ̵ˣҰ
ֻЦŪʮļƣõô
ԡôˡ
δķԺˣֻǸ簡
ĸȿʼĲ𣿡Ц÷ִĺãѾĻֺãаջ޵Ĺ
ʧºǻɬ⣺ǴҪĲ𣿸ϣ·ߡҪҶ㲻һ㣬ҪҶ࿴һۣҪҶ˵һ仰ҶһЩͶҸЩ
ݵļǻǹвĵвһһ֮ڣһֻȡ
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ѻڵĽһգȻ£˳ӹ¼䡣
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ʣ֮ıԼۣ߬ѣˮȻ䣬ܣҲӭӣֲǡ
ļУҲڲץסԼǰ֣ҵСơ
ġ״˿ʵĴɨڣҪŪʪ㻬࣬˱ҧռУǸοꤵĸ
˼ҹΣڵóԸ


29 
ǳõ˻㱡
ֺڣϸϸ죬ǣ˶죬֪޿صһˡ
Ŀƶʧбݣȴûп־塣
ȥϣɫݣָȴȣһȥѣһ硣
˭Ĵ硣ѬģڲԣͲǸˡ
ð
ĶðҰӡᴭ㲻ҵãҵС
꣬ҪڵϦôĿݣҿظҪǸãСֺáɣҪģҶԡ
̫ˣҲ̫ˡ޳Ǳǣ֮ϣ̾ҪģСơ
žĴŴգݪùĳ̶̵꣬ɫɫ꣬׷޾
ˣˣˣָߵŵ졣
ԲԲԲ
ͷһŤ硭ʩ硭
ô꣬²ԲʲôżҺԼײǹйŮ˸Ļ̥Ҳ˰ɡ
ŵĴ㡭
ȴʼͷҧ⣬΢΢ۣüӭ΢Ŵ꣬һ࣬ڱݼ赲
޵Ĵҧס⣬סһԼѨԼݼ䣬Լȥѱ˱ʳ
˳ͬһֻϴ׵㣬βޣֻ
ʩ§뻳У֪Ӻδһֻƺһڣͷɹȥһζľƣдɬ΢ҩ㡣
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»֮ҹĺϻƣͷһֽ礵Ĺ뷿ҩ۽üҾǴ⣬ЩҲЩ
һԲǴϡ
裬ؼããĵ֮ɫ˳ˮҡҡλΣ޸ƼЮУմ۱һԶȥ
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꽻ڣ㣬ǧĿѣԣóԸĳ⣬ӵ죬ۺΪ˫
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˵ΰѣӳ۵û˯§ڻѻѻ˿ᣬ£֬ζ
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˯ʱ࣬Ժˮı죬õ֣üۣӸͷߡ
¹һҹ꣬ʪأζƿ崩£ûΡΡȥϵĴӡ
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ˮȥһҹܽޡࡣ
ʩҲ˴գֻһ£ɢס

ü
˵ĶǸǸɱ񣬵˭ںء
§վ֮УչĿ֮£ͷϲãСơ
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ҧͲסʩָУ˿ĳݣ죬һϣҧסǸָ
Ҳʹȵ࣬ĴȵǣָһĴڡ
ҪС
࣬ˮ΢ȣ˴ݽţֻ
ԵӲ⾰£ŮӺڳķɢ裬ϹеĳۣһۻƵɫһֻѩ׵ڵأһֻһּϸϸĦ˵ӣֲֻǣߣӸѹɫĳ棬Цƣ컯գ߯󡣡
§봬գϣһҪʹ
ĺϻƵУˣָ±ӦУ΢ůľƹģǺԣɫ̺ϼ


30 
֮۵Ϣ΢ȥʪ鷢Ҫһζǡ
ŤͷϣڽЦŽ§§ҴñǣԼôŪʳյˮ
ڻסˣһСڵĲ࣬촺һС۵ĹݺֽͰˮ
ʩͷһźˣȤȰӱڳ齱ߣһι࣬С̡
ɫ£ˮܽޡˣüۼΪ˵ֱأس»һֻѩƵļ磬ٷһƬǳǺ۵񼡣ʩɫƽ㲻գֻۣһڿڵֽ࣬࣬סƬ޾
ι˴룬㲻ſڣ齲ΡΡҪԡ
ǽ壬մǳǳʪӡǣԡͰʩ˴ԡͰڣ塣
ˮ΢΢ۣ˿üˮнס֫޳ں
⸱ˮմʪ⣬֦ͷܽػ׹ˮˮչŻ꾥Ҷ仨ˮ㣬˳»
ˮץֱۡ
ˮһڶɢͷϴһϴ
ͻȻ̧ۣʪˮã󴽰ҲҪУҪ
á
̾Ǻϻ׹ٺ佻ݡҲСİɡ
һɿӲ壬ϸ׵߬ԡͰϣŤͷ𴦣ƾ塣
ˮжĥһ컷飬ָݵķףűȥϣźˣϴͷصˮҲ䦵ʪҲ齵ıҹ죬һĺӳġ
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Ƭ̣һ¶ϵȾõ࣬ͷǣţȥͷ
Žʰǽ壬ʩȥͷճůãƵڱˮ֮ϣɽ֣«Ұɣƽ羵ബǹ
ƾˮз۱ڵĹ¾ˮӰˮɫΪһ塣
ǹݰָҹбǻǹޣҹϻǧƣҹеĺ·
ҼǵáŤתʱҼ
ЦĶǣôˣþȻǵá
ҹһ¹λεڴˮһɫ̧ͷһԭˮߡۣڶѾ˽ܶܶ࣬Ҳ֡
õһγԶŰɣ⽭ˮ·˶ã
ͣͣҪ;˰¡
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һᣬƢ㣺Ϊ˰Ӽң׹ˮôãԼҲ֪úðϧô
ûЩҩƽأľãͷŲҡ
ĵѾͷŤ棬ĿָḶ̌ôôͻ̣˵ġ
濴壬ɫƽƽģҲǼõģֺãɣ˳Ŀ߷̣ۼת˲֮䡣
ЦһָգСƣЦһ
˴ҧס⣬ڵƤؿбһۣͷŤ
ϣһ֬ӳԵĸɾݵҧ;ҺΪ˼ɫ˵ĿԺçײ֪أǵ˫糺죬롣
ЦҲգҸСӣ䵭ЩãҧгݣָƿڴЦɫ˵ķ
ҧҧ
ӵƽʣûйҷеƣ˹ݶɿڣ۴ϣе˳ŸݵСˮ󣬺·ֻЩˮʳϹбĸŮڻϣеòűп͵ϴ
ʩǸһüۣȴһֻʳСۣҪһ˱ܺУŽȥܺһ㣬⣬«ɣͷ׷СһƣֻҪǮ
ͷ˷ʩߣϳԵ̫٣öЩ
˸ĸŮ͸۱ߣ⳪ЩССǸŮңԹˮˮ޹Ŷͷɽ
þɫþƲˡ÷£ʩЮˣ𾲾ǸŮһ꣬ʩҺƶ
ǰ׾ʿĳ˼ʩ־һ飬ҽ̹㡣
ͷ̵̫࣬ϧδѧᡣ
԰ϾҪõӻм鷿Ժնܽд֡
ͣס磬ƫ׶Ž棬εѾóԸҪôߡ
ʩ΢΢һЦòȥô𣬲ĸˣ
΢Ц⣺ϧһزȥʩҡ֮ǰҽϲһţתĸ֮ҷŮʩҹѪִٴʩңҲù磬ȴҲֻܸ֪ʩ˽ӼţЦӦᱻʩ߰ɡ
Ǹ磬ӦؼȥοĸĲǡ֮չ֮顣ԽһУҲһ·
ĸҲ֪ˡ΢΢̾˼ڹѸߣȴҲˣ飬Ҳʲô
ֿ𣺡СƼȻʩңǾͲȥϾѣЯһҲС
˫˫˿ӣһԲߡϵϷ޲ſʼ׼ĻʳһֻС¯ڴϣˣ˼ҳԵļ򵥣һ㣬һϺзͰգҲȼ̣мƾ۴ߣµڴϳϴɾм
佭ͷɹ룬Լ˴գʩߣǺƣþƺòˣ÷þ飬һ˱ûаգҲ
һյƶȹ⣬Ųݣษһֻϣϴűı۴
ʩͷ䣬֮΢о΢΢üŲŲ§ﺨ˯
׵ڣʪķӵˮֻỺĺӯĶƫͷ˯գ˵ò忡续ƾ˫ȴȺƻˣߣӻж¡
𻺻ۣĺδزʹת֮䣬ʲôûˣˡѡףǸĺӣɢ֪·ںη
ߣ֪ʱѣGˣŤͷȥˣб˼
ͷӦֽȥ֮չ֮ôܵҳ
ס֣
ҹȫǺϻƣδ̫Ŀͷòˮȴʮԡ
Сơ䣬̵Ļ͵Ĥڣҵ
˳ӣԿͷֻԼҧһҧͷʩ쵰
֮ʣεİסӵĶȥ


31 
۵ĲҲҲЩªҹֻһյ͵ֻģģոڴҪƴ½衣
ҹŴȴţ͵յľˣմŵоĽɫ谵ģ壬ȴⰵɫļĴüۡ
ڳͷȻǧֶʹҪһαװȥ¶ԭо
𱻷ȥ˴ҹգ֮ƣع磬߷˴µҡΡ
̲סüֻϣؿѹʯ˯쳣ȣźЩǰģģЩʱʱ˯ĸһ˯
ʩڴ߿O@ĶŤͷҹѵˡ
㶣Ȼ֧壬ֻͷ­ѣ̲סѿʣɤţˣ
š
۹򽭣УٹһվͿԵꡣ
㶼ҲֱģۼƣǸܺõĵط
Ҳڴ£絽ô
ʩȲ裬Ҳһ裺СҪΣ
ҪߡͣУ棬ûٻصʩң䱻ȥ˼˵ģ粻߰ɣȥοĸտ
ԲڣСһҪȥأ̾ϧ֣ŮһȥĶأ
ҴСȥطɡ
ȥĶ
ˮҡΣȥ⽭
ֻͷʹҪ²µܣʵΪʲô
⽭꣬ǺСʱļ䣬ϸ߰˰Ĳ࣬գ֮䣬ܶೡ
ŮСģҲ̫ǼŮ᲻Ὣ̫ܿδò׽ֲ
ɻľǹ׶ǲܰϣֻܰ뵽˽ȥһ裬һԺӣҪŮɣҲҪһЩСģСʱѾ߲ʹ̴ҩ¾ƣԺȵƹѧӣѾͿɳ͡
⽭ûҪٻ⽭ȥ
עʩᣬɫºͣ뿪⽭ôЩ꣬СƲȥٿô
ҡͷ롣
룬СƴȥСʱЩطסᣬҾܴĦǸʲôŮӡ

۹򽭡ˡ⽭·;ԶԽУɫԽ£齥ࡣ
ףɽ໨ȼҲЩѬЩʡ
﷫еĺܿ죬һ·;ۻʩƵƵָ·ɫ𾲾ţЩӹ
⽭ˮ¸ƯŮ˵ᣬҲᡣ;У޻ʱʱڱˮ֮䣬ӵŮŻ֦Ŵ۲ģ·۴ڨ˵
ʩվˮߣŮӶ࿴ۣŮЦʣ˵ؾѣС˲ͣô
ʩЦø·
ҲһᵯٳСڴϾƣҿϴ˽Ȥһ
ءʩ˲òŮУڻл⡣
ŮӼпͻмˣûȤҲգЦ֦ˮУԸ򽫻ˮȥ۴ڨ
עŮӵӰԶȥ˼㱣ʩϣʲôأ
˵
ʩ˳Ŀȥ̾Сûһֱ⽭ղŴڨˣ᲻Сơ
ءĬȻס
һʲôʱ㣿ұصӪ±ϣҪ·⽭СƣͲ֪ʱСʲôӣƽϲЩʲôҸýνУܽСͬɽˮ¹ۻ
ɫף׵ָץŴ
עƵݣ§ڻС
ǰһ·ˣǰо⽭ؽ磬ˮ·ܣп࣬۴糵ˮǣ¥ˮˮӣˮ󳨣ϸƷߺȶۡ
Яֿҹ϶飬Ӿɾһ㣬ҹ˼꣬۲Ұɿڣʩʫҡ¥С̩ţƮƮ
ĶɣĶ̩ţ
һձһࣺҲ֪
ϵաװףӣң˰Ž
մҪϰˮ棬⽭µһСʩҲһǰ档
ϳʢˮިľؾ˵Խת˵ظѧӸ̲٣н۳µ·ɽȥ棬ȥ㣬߶λŮӣ
·߲̯棬ﻹĿˣһһŮԳ棬ͶſɹۣӼ忡˹ģ˵ģŮòģ˵Ǹ˼ңֲ˴澣òʵҫۣ³ç󵨵Ŀ¶ȻЦݣߥͬ˵
ԲŲŲʩǣȥЪŵĿǰվվһۡ
Ƭֺ֮еˣ˵ĺôȥѰ¡
棬ʩϣֻŴҿ
ҹ϶壺վ͵⽭ˡ
㺹죬德Σҧס˱ݡ
Сƺرϲ⽭ءһǣÿÿСƾҪƣ⽭йܲõļôǵ⽭ܶ飬ȴװǣ˵ҪɫˣǰҲǣ˵ˡ
СûؽԼȥĶأһˣߵĶȥһòŮˣûм˺ɷķֻ֣бӶˣСȥĵط⽭ʲô𣿵磬ֱӰС͵⽭СƼֶΣ㰲⽭ӡʡСƱƭ˺ңʲݹ
ץסµ졣
ѭѭգɱˣԭ͸⽭ʹֶΣƭʩң˽յʩҶС㣬ȻԸʩңӦٻԭȥô
ݺݵһͷʹѣɬۿйҲҪҲҪ⽭
⽭ҪȥĶᣬʣȥĶ
ҡͷҧֹסŵɬԷޣû޹޵ĸγϣ֡
ʩһ俴š
ʵĺݣһ֣ҪܵɾףӵĻᶼûУҲҪأڳ׸
޵ˣʣˮʼһ˫ۣ˿̵޴ƣȫ̻¶֮£ΡΡ֣ץסӣҸ㡭ؽ
仰ϲãһУΪ仰
£뻳УḧοңԶԡСƣϣֻҲ׽ˡ
ʵĵͷͷ
⽭ת˷򣬱ȥ
سߵĺܿ죬һ·ãʲôˣҲ쳣˳һ֮Ժ˳Ϧദͬͬ˯ӹһ㣬Ǣ쳣
˳նͷȴʩ֮ǰԸԼյù飬ͷţȻսλ
˳ǰ˸Ҿּʩǣϰɫ΢΢ЩΣֹӺס
ʩǽжС㡣
˳Ҿ֣С㡭
ݹʩȷϳڳº˳Ƭ̣Լ˳˵Ϸˡ١򷢡¡
۽ޣ
³վϲӡ
ʩʻɫƽȴŤͷųϵӣѾ֪ʩżҺԼҲ֪Ѳ
ȻĸǷţѾϲûͳȥ
ϢҴȥģ֮ǰһٵ֪ŮߵĹŮһʩôҪЮ㣬˽вҪʣ㲻ţĸףԼȻңҵ֪࣬һ·ȥ׷ءѺٴôʣʩǰ¶ĸһʺôȻϳȥ
Բûм㣬ȵǰѸ֮ʩ˻ΪСʵСֽң޷͵ԲǰΪ˱ȫûнԼ˽֮˵ѰȻؼҡ
³վĻ£ҲڼУ˶æӦѣĸȲ㣬ҺҺס԰ȥס֣ºҺĸǰһ˵
һ


32 
ʻʩԺӰǰͣ
˫ָϥͷڳһδͷʹ龲ȹϵ廨ʩĲգ֮³ȥ³
̽һֻϸ֣ʩϣذѳ䣬𻨺ɫȹٳǰˣ֬۲ʩݣƵĴںڵͫϸü˳ʩĲվڵأػˣ۲ջء
Եŵȼʩ³ɫ˲ЩЩ³ͫȻһдĦ˼
ģʮգȻֻˣ
յ龰ʵЩС⽭ԭ伣˺üգ֪ͻȻʩĴԺţ㲻ӻҾͰѵЩ¶¶ȥŮͷ֪Т˾ˡ
ԭڼϲˣĶС㣬֪ʱʧ١
ʩϷ˺ͼңּС㲻ڼСúԺ죬ٴԺ˵ЩеûĻ뻰ΧһȦѻȸżɫ졣
ϸ˵ʩϷû˵ʲô
ٱЮŽʻԺֻϡ粺ͷ
ӣɫŴǣЦЦ˵ðġǼҵˡ
ϻһۣͺȣ졣
һ֣ڳ˷·סʲô˲ܣûʱʱ̽ͷ̽ԣļҪŪףײһﶼ̲ЩĹʣز𺳣ҲǲԶϲá
ԭǸ֪¡ƽĶС㣬Ǹоӡ
ģãȴǸٻɫҲ֪ʲô
ֲģģٰҪãǸЦӯӯģͷأļõӣÿȥǸ֪ˣԭԭ
㿴߻ϲոֺϷˣֲŴ˲ܹĺãԭǼװ߯Ҫ
鶶¶㿴Ҳ˵ȥ׷ˣҪ˵׷ȥ
԰ʮ֮˾ɣЩʰĻƣԷ˸ϹֵµĹ͹ͷӶۣȵҵ飬ϹʲôǮ벻Ҫˣ
ʩϷһٻԻ͵͵ңʩ׷ȥȭۣһ𣬷˵ðղŻ
ֻа޵ԭŴ£ͷŮ˽С㼸֣Ů˵Դʧɫʲôʱ£ȥĶˣѰûУ
ȥԼĸ׺ʩϷˣŵԴҴҽңҪϸϢԼĸסڹ۶㻹ʲôϷ˶ˣĪֻܻȥ
ùһˣߵĶȥţͷ˽ͷЩģҲϷԼԼȻ
󣺡ýǰЩ£㲻Թգ˼
Ϣֶߣվʹ˼ңȥ˵˵줚[ȴһ֮⣬ܹ£ˣ෹̸ʰˡ
𾲾վʩߣɫƽԲ
ܱߵСˣСͱͱˣһǰ˵̡
ʩΣЦ˻һȦ˹ȴʮȻһϹ˲ɣСظūĸԹۣ˭ˣš
ʩС㡱ˡǴ⣬׷׻عǰҾ밲ʩͷ䣬ȸȥ԰ЪϢ
Ÿ澣Сߵźأ԰̡
𣬺ͷ澣ƺƵ԰պʩǳһǰݣʩ׾仰ǣӺúʰһһӳС㣬ҼˣСĶ԰
˶٣յʰ͵ǰԺȥ⼸ȥס
סδֻʩͣ⼸˶࣬ĸǴҲ٣ֻ徻Щסգȼ±ٰȥ
ڽ׹׹˳ͷ͸ġ
һ˶Ȳ裬ʩ죬һӦ鶼£׮׮ʣҲŲæȷԸȥҪЩȵģҪ޼԰ڻľϴˢ棬ֶյʰү˳˵ռи飬һʱڼ԰ڵͶﲻ
˽ƳһֻյƷƫ׶̬ɢʩæʱд֣˵У˵ġ
·ͷķԷٿеǸ£ϵޡ
ڣʩҲȥֻ˴һϸ˼Ϸأ
ʲż˿ͣϷ˸ͿߣϷ⼸Щȴҩ
ʩףʣأ
ǱߣҲˣҪѴļױ̧ȥ
룬ŤͷһۣԼĲյȥϷˡ˵˵Сˣסţ·ˣЩȥ밲
߻䣬ǱʩϷ˵ŮԲӽ˼԰ȼʩֳ˸
Ϸ⼸ϲããŶСظԸС㡣˵СЩҲˣȺúЪţȹռ徻ˣһ˵
ŵôԣͷ䣬Ҳɵĳӿսˣƫͷű𴦣ԲɽһϷˣ˵лϷ˹Ϸ˱壬ҪһС񡣡
Բɵͷ˸ֺʩ˵˼䣬ǣϷ߲ȱˣȥˡ
ʩҲЩÿȥĸ
ԲһߣֻʩɫӨݹȥһӣ̾ҸĸҲû˵֣ʲôµġ
𲻽ӣգգۣͷ£ǸŸؼҵģ粻£ȻҲ¡
ӣ룬һʱҲ
ݱǲȥ飬ЩײϺԲһ˼԰Բߣʩ˶Ĭǵһ԰һʱҲ֪ЩʲôֻöڶǰʩʣҴʹ̶С㣬ŵ
ǲ˴ɨӣһʱסˣæŹЩ
ʩƿƵûǴĻСʹõӣʲôʱ˹ˣ
һۣæͣǡֻҴޣȱţ￴Уʱָһơ
УʩüһᣬͻȻ䶳ɱеСţǶ֪ţеӶҪźкãϳȥˡ
ǲ˼ʩǻŭ⣬ŻһģûСûСǰһֱŶС㣬Ҳ֪Сʲôʱŵġû͵ź򡭡
ʩָڵ棬ˣȥźϳȥ
Ҫţ֪ˣŲʩĿߣʩúЦǵֲңʲôô
ʱתģС㣬ǣպһú÷̡С㡭
һŮȲüαءֲǵĴ
ӶϴȴҲߣǸû
ͷŮҪͻܹǲɻõ˳֣˵ȱ֣粻͸ȥҲԵø翴
ʩⷬһɨ⣬ЦĿ𣺡⻰ġ
մŮȥ˹ǰ
Ů޿ı͵ǰﵹ㣬յͶС˵ֱȱˣʰ͸ʹ
ʹãʹá
յ˵ҪѾţСʹ߹źԺСС£Щˣ֪ˣΪ澲ʹŲĲÿ
ϴԣѩ׵ǵķ죬ϸָߵüҶȾϺ⣬εðβһԵ粼ĸ̬ŭţˣ绹ƫ
԰ȥ󻹸ŷ׷粣˵
ס˺׽ãܵĿ죬׷ϲһǰһĽ˼԰ȴֻʩڶ￴ˣȴ
أҹʩ硭أ
˭ʩü
粶ţ˭ǸоӵƷǲǼҼˡ
粣ú˵ʩȣЩգ·ЩˣЪϢ
Ǽٵģٵģٵġ粷޷޵ͲʩˣͷҰ֣Ǽģ˽թαһζֺõֺĸֺø磬ĶԴҺãֻΪԼ
Ҳô˵𡣡˲ᣬʲôˣͷ
ҲԹޣ񡭡绹ƫ͸ϵҲûУ绹Ҫ׷Ҫ
ҲǸáҲǺ͸һˡСʱϲҵġһſǻԽԽƫģʲôȽкöҲ͸ҼңҲҸ硭
ʩƤ㲻ôСʱд֣ˣϷʳ꺮ůЩô
ãҵĺҪá粿޵ҪĶֻҪҿڣΪұ齭ǣÿڣͻȥΪǰҲǸãҿܣʲôǣΪʲôҪ
ʩȦȻֵ֮ܽ䣬ҲԶ֣֮İˣҲǧɽˮֻΪ㡣Ҷ㣬Ѿ㹻֮飬͹ˡԵģ㲻ܱȣҲ̰ġ
ӵķſϣ㣬ǣѾܺúܺáҸ磬ġ
粽ˮһĨ˵̰ġ̰𣿡
ʩ粺ͷߣ˻ᣬ˿ȥҡ
ſڴϿһʹͷ
粵ˡ죬ƮƮģǵ֣⵹Щá
ʵҲʳޣôź򣬻иҴ鷳ֵɡգգۣ֪ҾЩĸ̹ףʡԼսսôꡣ
Ҫô죬С㾿ҪʲôֹϵԺô죿Ҫڸ͵ɣôˣҪǱˡ
ԼĴñҰЦҪЩء
ʩɫģҪ֪һʲôã⽭ôˣﴮͨƭʩ˵Щӡ裬̿ͣ˽ϲһҪ¶棬ף׹Լ⡣
Ϊ£סԲһܺùҲ㣬˳˳޳ȥѣгһ¶Բܻס㣬һİӣȵϸĸֵܣȵϾТôһҪĥƣ룬ʹıǵ֣ģʱֶҳôӣ
ߡ
ȥգǰ̴磬Ϊʲô룬һӶء
˵Բס΢ЦѵͿסô
޳ָһḷ̌Ĵ꣬ҡȲᶯ㡭ȰѼʰʰ
۲תŴסһָָĥ䣬ûӣ԰Ҳ̫죬⼸գͰշ߰ɣڣҲȽϷ㡭
Ұѱº
˱סָڣ΢΢ۣǴˣһǸϲս㡣


33 
һʱû죬΢紩֣΢Ħ֮
Ĵ꺬ָڣָůĴǻڣ΢΢ͷĿţЩģ
ʩĿתĶ
յС㣬ӶʰˣСճõĶúˣ桢ܣī⼸ǸڶãŲȥ
죬͵üͷһŤʩ֣šſ׹
ʩ˳Ŀ·Լһȹǡ
ػչüͷ΢΢ۣƫͷԼ֣ʩʩȻ΢΢ʪǸָ˱ǳЦ
մЩ΢͵⣬̵ۻƻۣմȾ滨ǰķ
ݺҧԼĴڣü⣬ؿ
ûеõӦЩ죬΢΢ŲŲӣֻͷʩؿбﺬŹ⣬ḡ˱Լָϵ
С㣬Ӷʰˡ
ܸڶͱī඼ᵽʩŻָΣʩʩȻֳȥԸգСҲҪźڼ԰һͶС顣
ףþ㰲Σ
áҧصģֲ֪Ʈںη
ʰӣǼ԰һңʩСʱסġ
ҲӼ޽ʩҺڼһСأС԰ͼ԰԰ԭʩסģʩ˹粣ӿʼʹʩŲȥ˼԰ס
ӵĲʱĲʩʱССЩ£ͷ̥ǳﰮϧĽӸǿУﻹŲ棬ʩСʱþߣЬģ鱾ߣСװʮӡ
ҲǵãӺңʩĵطץĿҵмУֻǺӲʣʩŲȥϷľңͳ˶ѷ
ʩڲõ׵˵ͷ־ϸŷԸպȱǱǸմӲġ
ȼͨһȹǰſǻС㡣
죺ʲô
֪ˣСĹ¡¿ͷ֪ˣС㿴ڶϣĹ£Ĺ°ɡ
Ťͷ˿ʩֿ˿£ʲô˼
ԼӳֶӲңóֽѵ֪ϴʩԸŰɣûõ˳֣Ͱ£òãҲ򷢳ȥЩĽ
ͱµ˶ͣҲδûһ˿ڣس£һڱϣ𲻿˵¼򴽣ͷġ
԰˶ڣűֱ¶ʺı޺ۣ̲ס͵͵
綼ҽѵˣһ˵ʲôأҵŮҲۣ˭ۡ΢΢̾˿ɣȥѡ
԰һа׵˵˵ˣֵˣɫ磬ʩҪͷҲˣúЪЪգ£ҡ
Ťͷ֣֪ˣȥæ
ʩǰԺȥΪޣȻʩҼס׾죬ɿЩأʱ԰ּɣղȫǰˣҲڼг롣ĻܣҹЪ£ڶԺȥ
԰ŻţʩϷǶ𣬼ʩ΢΢˼ˣ˵
ʩϷӻӲʣ˻عȻһԳֲϲ֮Уһˣ
ʩͷ
ʩϷ̾˿
˶˵
Щܣֶ࣬ЪˡʩϷ˵Բ˵ģкãҲˡ
ʩҷǱģĲ鲻ԸģͷĸҲ
ȥĶûڡʩϷ˵̾⺢ӡ⺢ǡ
ҧҰ˼ȻߵŮŮƭʩңĸŮ˴ȫǿӵϣӣôյ
˵ǸŮˣʬǶ֪Ķȥˣôꡭ۵ĶǱҵĺӣԼŮ֪Ķ»Ұôķȴδĺһ䣬ûȹһأʹ
ĸǹȥˮ½ǺӳȼرǡʩŲյǺزˣⱲӸֻܶЩֽԸһ˼ҡĸϥôЩ꣬ĸģТ˳ܵ㲻׵ģҲĸŮڹϣĸҲҪǡ
ʩϷӴ˴εͷķԷҲȻܡֻռ˶࣬ʵڲÿգֽĻ£Ҳڣһ棬Ҳù˼Щˣ°ڡ
϶ŲԣͷҲĸһ档ʩһ磬ＸûҪͼޣҲȥĸ밲
ʩϷ˵ͷҲã⼸͵͵ʹĻأܼһ棬ҲǸˡ
ĸԺô죿ʩʵʩˣԺҪʩԴҪζ˵
ʩϷ룺͵ŮŰɣҲСˣҲһꡭѰЩ˼ҡЩױ޳ȥ
ʩסüǣĸͷҲٲͬŮ˰ɣԺԴöȣŮʹǲǻҪһͷ
ȫĵطǵȫʩϷüֻ˵ҲҪЩ粵˼ҹԼ޿ġ
ĸ˼ʩзִ硣
ʩĸ԰ȥ
԰ѿţ˳ިǾޱǰߣӺСӣͷСˣСϣɫһϲ˵ͷ
˼ʩǰϲЦ֣˳һϲҨࣺǳԷ
ôˣʩϲԴȥĸͷԷ
⼸æҶ÷ϲգգۣǶ˵ˣҳֲע⣬һ԰㡣
ʩ𣺡֪˭ô
ǹ˳ͷ˵׽㡣ϲһֱ˵ܱ˵ʲô׽㣬ұͽ֡
ʩһۣ뿴ϲ⵹Ǹӡ


34 
˽֮ǰ§ϲ˵׽㣬Ժ˵ĲãʲôҲҪǵãҪֻĶãҲá
˵Ĵˣϲ¶ͷЩĵס
ƽϲ̶úóԷ
ʩҨˮ֣Ҫ꣬ԼҲС緹ϲЩʱռ顣
ϲ˵ԼСȥ͸ɹϲůݣ˵԰Ӹᰲó裬˵ﳣŮͽģ˵żҵĶɩӶҲ￴ĸ˵Ҫѧ飬ĸ˸ѡ
ϵģֻӦϲ˵˽緹꣬ϲѰ԰ϴϲ֮±ʩϷ˷Ǯְ˱ӣͷʩЩ⣬ʱϲ£ʩƽٺЩƣҲ˵Щ뻰ϸѧȥǵòÿ
ͷϲȥϲߣԼҲתӣʩһ˶
ǰ£սһ˿ߣڴһִһߣһ˫ٻӰĿ
ʩҪȲ裬ֻûȲ٣ݵζһƳʩŲյ΢΢üģѿڶŨ裬Щ
ҲǺ񣺡Сǰ˵ˣŨƢθǵһЩá
ԣ̧ͷƳڸˣ̲סű΢ЦģҵѾͷôˣսǴˣ֪ϲã↪ʲôҪʲô裬ʲôģսЩ
תգЦսЦմҲƼˣߵЩǣû޶챿ûһܺսȵģҲս㡣
ԣ˸죬̲סҲǸ˼ֻƽϰˡ
ʩһ˵䴽ЦЦյ£ָߵϣȲֻδᣬ˵ˣ˰ˣҲغˡ
ʱͷŮԭŮпѰʩ䣬Ըյ˰ڼ԰Լȥһֽۣתϡ
ҲĿʩջأײһһЦϻ΢΢һ˿ƣգգۣ΢ЦսȤϸܵˣʩҲҲڶϷҲ˵սòŮίˣҲ֪ʹʲôӣѽҽֳġ
С̧ˡЦұǽˣСȥߣô̫ˣԭҪҷڽǴĴȣҡ
ףҼǵãսСŮһءۣʵҽޣŮŵģ޵Ե˼ңҲĹˣһͬţҲøıȥ
ǿһЦ˵ǹˣɵжã˭֪أҵǾڽЩеֵܽá
Ҳ΢΢̾ǰѼˣҼҴ绹û䣬Ϸ֮ǰҹ˯ţֻŴճɼҵסյ֣ҽռ˴Ҳ֪԰ղϲ죬ʱҲҪսء
ʩƼҵԵʣˣʩ¶ֿأﲻܼ԰£԰һӦ֧ȡţǱǣ˵ĳʳʩϷˣٵСֻм԰⣬żЩʱʲƷҲ԰͡ԵãҲమЩʲôʩǸЩ
΢ɬͷС˵Ц
ʩͷٻؼ԰Ѿմ΢ľպͱ¼£Χ¼ɫ꣬ŰѾɽˮȣббҴߣ
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ͷӦһʩǣǰս˿
ŵþζŤͷЦĶԼȵǰüô
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˽飬ЩһɫദҲ»ӣ˶̧ȥֻдԵ쳣
ʩ˳һ뿪ӣд֡
ǣǰմīͦӱʣַһУЩ֮ɫǲǱĺһЩ
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ͷ΢΢ʹԲԲˣ
Ȼǹ㣬ȻҲǲϢͷۣ֪ؼңտӭףص뷨Ӽ㡭ǲǻ͸һ˵Ľ֡ðѰѻ˵ף컹
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ᣬ˼Ҽﻹָϲ˵šҽߵĽص粨ȥšҲҪ˰ɡʹʹõΪãҲʡԺ˿࣬Щһ࣬ò̼ôá
أҧأԼ
üһǣʰɾǧ©ˣЩʵϲҲþǡ
Բ͵޷鱾īپ֬λһЩС⣬ʩʶóһɾƿҲ⣬﷭ڡ
ʩӵʰһֱϸ޲ġ˵Ľ֡ЦݣŴҳü֮Եú⡣
αҪͣαҪãαҪĲ鲻ԸţĶͲ࣬ϺģץĥˮʯһջС
𽫶ʰҵĵϣʩǱ˵Ľ֡̿ʻִʣ֣úȦī֣£װϻӣȥ䡣
ԵɫֻǱľʩȥ׽ӣҺóȥߡ
ȥԭ󣬱ҲţʱѲ磬ǰ⾰ŮͶɢֻڣʩһϲ֣á
ԭӣ⼸װϲ󣬴˫ϲ֣Եɫ԰ס
æǰǣ֣̫ˣ̫ˡûûֲȥãټһ档
ͷҲãڼ԰һֱͷϲĶʩЦ˵ˣҹһҹ˽գԺûӽҹˡ
ͷȻǺá
ʩ𣺡ռﶨȻͶ࣬ͷкбһնüһףĸҲüĸҲĸͷ
һ˵ʱȫȫβĺúõģҪʱҲģһ˿
Я£ģʵڲ֪˵Щʲôԭͬʱףһߵģ˳˳ǱֻһţȴƵƵӡ
Ǻܿ컺ЦӯӯɫҲЯ¥ȥļΣֿҪĻ˵˲ϲ컰
ҹˣϺͷ粶÷˵֪Ҳڡ
ԭҲڡЦӯӯĽȥãã˶ȫˣͷҲ̹ˡ
Ҳǰĺ㣬ֻģü⣬ȴҲ˵ʲôʩڼֳٶ˻ϷҲЩ߰Ļ˱治ɫֻſ
ǰһҹҽ˵̻壬߶߶Ķ޹ȥ󣬾ͲܵŮʱһԣҵɩиСӣ㶼ҪչȫҪТ˹ã沺ţҲҪɷ˳С̣󴦲ɵ
ȥǼ仰ü˶Цϵļ򣺡ˣˣˡ׻׻꣬˵ЩϹŰˣö䶼ˡ
ᣬ֪еϵءҲЦҲ̾Ǽˣķһ룬һ룬֪ôǺá
˵һյĹŷҪߣͷвٶҪˣٶ໰Ҳ˵ֻܵŮԼȥ򣬸߳ۻأ͵͵䡣
Ъ£˲ϣ̾
ôˣ
㣬ͷܾܡԭΪһġ
ҵǵýʱ񡣡Ц㲻ˡ
Ժôأ㣬Բ
ۣɡ
Ҫ˯ȥOO@@³һĸȥǰҵġ
ԭǼۣ£ٿһۣζͷˡ
ֻƳۣջĿ⣬СʱЩ³棬¶֪˶ϰΪ֪£Ҳ֪Ů˵ֶΣס˵һӡ
µġӣڰ׷ۿһ̾͹ȥˣ̫ۣ˵
šͷ𣿡
ҲɡۣȻ˾ƣʹҧҲ޷ܵġ
˺˵仰˯ȥգ֮䣬ϲźŮڶߵСˡ
ϴӿԽԽ࣬װŮ죬˵ϲ컰ϲ֣Χֵ˵ϡʩϷ˶װĽϲ
ʩϷ˿֣
ǰȥʩϷʩʩϷǣ֣ȰЦγżգĸ˺
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ŮǾΧһ˵Żͷ˵ˣˣ׵ˡ
żʱʩҽױͣһϲֻӸϲ
ƳһϤݵȺһζ


35 
Ц٣˷ӰݵӰ֮
Բһ۾ݵݺݺѰĿתһƼ̧ͷһۣ΢΢ζҲƼȻˣֵȺС
֪ƼԼȴһ˲һˮӭ潽δĻ»۵ı仯䵽أΪ˳ңﳳ췭ظ˶͵͵ĸֳ̬ǿӲԭӭҲǶѾ˵ĸףŵ̤ţӭ׵Ķʩû룬Ȼһ涼Ը⡣
ʲôʲô׶ʶãʧǵĸſҽӭϻΣλ׷̧ң֪ʱס̧ͷһʩ
ʩ硣Բ͵ɫתѳһ˿ʩ磬á
ϲӭʩֻᣬɲ⣬ɫȴףһʩôңһãֻѲԸ㣬Ըҽⶫ˻㣬ʣЩ⣬õ黹ѱҴˡ
Բôԣ絶ʣͷһжۿѣΡλòˣǻԼšԼһȥꡭ
ԲԡʩͺȣͣסɣԲ·ҪߣҲԼҪԭһʼ¾ͲöˣҲ㲻
ʩ磬ġҲ֪棬ԭúõģģĲںʲôһĸףǳȫܿģǻӦġġķòɡԲ΢΢ţתãҵһƬģҲȢԵˡ
ʩסҪߵĽŲ׿ﺬЦԲ˵ʲôԺʲô˼ԼɡЦģ·ˣѳɶ֣ƾԹ԰뷨跨޿أպҲԶЩһ徻
ԲأȻ˸սﻨĺЦ˲УʩӰȻͷе鼮̿ʹĺۼȻ£Ũڵīʻϣһ롱֣һ֣쳣Ŀ
˵ľǹȥ֣ʱ龰ĿһͰķͬʱſ粽ˣ޾ȹͰѧ۰Ų̧ͷʱݸһЦһ洺ڣŽվ˪˳
ʧǵȺվ˻ᣬʬźϲӿңʲôҲʲôҲҲ֪ԼĶвȣпԣǰһ̳һƣƵڻУ˹˹³ǡ
̳ӱ£תǰվһˣƺ˵ʲô͵أʹһɩ
ؼȥɡ̾ļ򣬡һ棬͹ˡ
żҵСŮȵԲһμͨһſۣһĽһǡ
οҶȢףĸ׽財ԭҶŵģŵᡣһΪĻֵ÷׷ĸͷ£Ըۼⳡ棬ϻʩ׺ȻĸײԸʩˣңպĸҲ Լ֣ɩɩһȰȥȥʩ޾ɺãǲܵģҲ֪ĸ׵ԸǱߡԴ˺ͺʩҹ˰ɡ
ԲͷһŤųڣȻ¼
ͷ̾ȰЦһΪ£ʩ֪ʩ˶˼ͿԷˣһһĺϷݣԼҴĦҲľԼСĵӣεеùʩ˼
ߵߵҸϣȥԼ֣ü
һԲңͷһ˿Ҵţҵ԰ӵģȴʵ֮ȡҲ󾫣ֻ̤̤ʵʵסˣԺ͵ǿҵĶϱѦѩ飬ϲλŮ衣
ѦѩΣֻ࣬Ѧѩ黰࣬䰲ӣòҲ۾ʱԵɫѵϵٶ࣬ҲԵЩҲ壬ֻЩŲɫ徻
ŲյźۼĴѦѩ飬һŮ͵˵񣬼ܵģǴֵ壬ϴοԷǾ䡰ǰϹʳ˼̻𡱣õӣ֪ʲôԭÿԷ͵ȣתһ룬Ҳǹʳܵģһ
ͷĹ֮ӭ׵ĽͣǰӿȥˣŮһԼСӣʧǵĻȺɷ׵ɫлһ˿̺죬һƳԷߴӰȺۣϲ԰Ѧѩ飬һźЦӭˡ
پϲϯϣߣŴԲȥǰԺпȥѰԲ䣬һߴӰĳ£һֻͻȻָ
ֻҴһ£ǴůɿͷһŲͣǰ˼סŲͷĨΣֱļխ
֪ģʱڳԲٵĺۿ⣬ֻɬɬĿ޲Գǣ˸Ц⡣
ҼŮϾʩңֵʩϷ˿أʩŵƽʣдǰصı֣ͣｻ
ֵ÷зԵ˿ֶ˵͸ʩʩͷϷά֮⣬̫̫ͷʩϷ粡һͬһԴű͵棬ʩ˶¶
ϯ֣˵ЦһƬԶ˶У粺ͷֻԼˣȻǿﻰⶼȣֻЮ˵ݱҪһۣϯϣҲЦģ̹ȻӭԼѲĿ⡣
ŮʩϷ˷裬ʩҵŮ粡Ӣδޣʩδл䣬ڽύĺʱʩϷҲˣЦҼЩŮӶδ˭кʵģҲ˵˵ϣһ׮¡
ŮЦӯӯģĿʩŮɨﰵԴĦţ϶˶٣ƮƮߣЦȻ
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粿յΣƲջúţ֪
ܣȻۣն㻹˵һת۾Ͳˡ
棬ոµĵͰ뱭ˮһ˫ɸɾġ
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⻰Ƕպͱ˵ģһȦӶټ⸱ɫԾսЦ⣬±ιŭɵɫףȥҶС㡭գһ ڱӣǵͨ죬͵Ӹմӳ
ȥҡ
粺ͷͷʩɫټűºȥ
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ȥ粵ӣĸǿضģ˵ȥδԼҺ
û㲻Ҫˡֹ˷ۣڻǰЩ£˵Щö͸ˡռȵˮˣ㿴һ¶棬ô˭Ը˭ԼҲ˽˵Щס¡
ǱߣʩϷȻ˯£Բ˵δȥݵϲ컹δʰҲδӰ԰ӻδãӰ谵ʩϸ˼ȦҲδӰּ֪أȻһϻ˼԰
԰ŵƣŲյʩձ£һ˼ڱʣС㡭
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ɫ㣬󴽽΢΢˳¶ЦĿջأϲԹԵǰĻ١
ʩŷȥ£ʣôԼˣ
𣺡ĸЪϢҲ£Щ
ˮûմȾͷһ˿ϲһʱҲ֪˵Щʲôƫͷϸŵʳһֻϲѱȥʮ֮߰ˣʣϯûԶóЩʳ
˷Լȹϵֽɵϥͷһ飺ҳС
ú鲻ѡ
Ӧ𣿡ϲУȻӦ簲Ҹͼޣְ׮ƻ£ĸǰ̧ңⷬ࣬鲻ѣǹ˸磬ҹذмӣҹ硣
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ĬȻ˰ΣƲƲ죬бĴԹǸ硭ǸҲãǰûź£ûȫĻҡ
仰̧ͷ˿ͷŵĻƣݸһЦҪζúã
ȻҪǧ˳ϸչȫŤͷϾֻиˣ𣿡
ͷЦ
ݣնűˮͳ˶˴΢΢һЦ
ʩ԰ɣҲҪѡհȥѳޣ˽ɨˬԭڼ԰סգʩϷ˵˼Ų粺ͷԸŹסƫ³һס԰ȥ
ĸ̹Цǰ֪⼸ڼ԰ԽסԽϲҲ᲻ս㣬ЩŲŲȥҲ鷳ڼ԰ס³ͬһᵽ԰ȥ
ʱ˽ڣ⣬˵˻㶣һʱ֪ηӦǿЦͷȴ֮⣬رһ¶Ӷ֮ɫ᲻صһһҲЩֻʩȻ԰ǰĸ׵ϲýģϲͷοٰȥҲסöʱգػصҲڣͷҲס԰ӡ
ʩϷ˿˿ˣͷ֪ЩʲôΣҲգڼ԰סţöסЩʱա
ǾͶл硣
ĸӦʣǸˣԸʩһյ裬ʩǸģ֪ȴҲǱ裺ÿ
ȻҪڼ԰סЩӣҲܴպϣִȥﴦֶȥʱϺ粷ڣ˶٣Ҫʲô˭Ҫ
Ҫ㱻õѬҪԡõۺͻ¶յƽزЩ԰ЩޣС㲻Ըľ뻻µģָ
˿ڲ裺⻰Ҳ˼˵ڣϷλŮǸʲôС
ʲôУŴʼڼָʹˡ粲мβ¶ˡ
ŴҪЩҲ޿ɺǣֻڴá
˱˴˶ҧҧ͵ЩҲǼ԰ĳ֮ͷæ⼸ҲټȻõ֣ôСͷüǡ
ֳɵģͷȥ򡣡Ըȥȡչȥǡ


36 
ŹֻửֽѬѬѬУһϻҶ¶ƿӻۣǶõġ
ĺöҲȥ֣ҪôʩϷȸҪôʩܹ鲻õĲЩ¼ܴЩЦ⣺սϸҶϲǰġñȥ죬ָЩʲô
߸ָ˽ֵ½ȹóѬ㣬Ըץƿƿȥױƺ﷭ڡ
Ͷ£ҲǰͶܵͼǮҲվһԵȣȴδҲδƣֻԼֵ֣΢㶣ڨڨŵ֣ͬջȥ
ռɫæǰ˻˼ӣЦһˡ
ӦġЦﴦȥػﻹһ飬˻磬ֻСūϵĶϲĺöǻ¶ƿȥˣūǲЩػ
̧ͷŶһֳȥϿЦĺöҲûʲô֪ΪҶһ㡣񰡣֪ôţ˸Ƶġ
ЦЩնټ·ææ·ϣҺôҲδס˵ͷȥȡѣЩʱգ˵ڼ԰˲ˮ̴æýŲմصġ£˭ȥʹչ̫̫ǰǼ˵ģصã˼ҵѾߡôһɲƹˤЩС⣬󷽿ɲװġ
ɲ˻šһѾͷԾ˵ǱһŶӣ̣Ķ֪ʲôСģռ˵ӣҪʲôۻֲۣʹֽƲ˹ϵɲЦҲûš
Ҫţοû˸ϵҲȥ԰һֻڼ԰ͷֻ˶ֺּôϵϷǱأǸʲô˼ҪĶ飿Ҫ˵Щ򷢳ȥˣ֮ǰֵ÷׷
üϷ˲˵Ļֻĸ˷ݣҪұȥ࿴ʵ˼ңԶҾĹȥıǣֻǱػЩģǼҿϣкõģֿŲʣһʱᣬҲҡ
ᶼĬԭδ֮ǰܺż˳˳ףͷ粺ͷĻ¶ðЩͷ޵ĺãͷȻҲֳô£ֽ󣬺ͷ粺ͷʩϷҲż
ŬŬ죬Ҽǿӻ˵뻰ġ͵ȥǱ߸Ȩ࣬Ҳг·
ϷãϷã԰Ҳ᲻áѹŰɣ̫̫ͷҲû뷨
˻ᣬ˹ԼȥɿںȾƣ˽ǰһ˵ɿм֮⣺Ȣģǵ֮ңͼıǵױģͷŶ壬ٲͽŴԺʲôõġֺٺЦֲ֣òãֺãҪЩʲôҲǲɡ
ϵ˼Ͻ˰ɡ
ɿҡҡͷ˹ݸһˮƣǮȫԭ̺ǰ괬ϵĻˮˣӶתָȥˣЩؼҵãҵĲ·ҲͶ⣬ʩֻʣҩ̺͵ǮҶմЩߡ
ֵʩﻹһӣŹծȥˣżҲмͣʶиڽٵĽ˼ңϵŵ࣬߹ȨѰЩҳʶĶֵ檣ᣬҵźӪ
Ϸáϵúõ޲Ҫȥ檡
ǿδءɿǵԺ˼ңжƽͷҲȥģ檣ƽޣҪǡ³֮Ӳ٣㲻ȥϷǰ˵˵ϣһһ׮Ե⼸˵ýǮɶ
ϺһҲԺ˸ãɲҡ
չ鲻ʩˣ޳ȥ˾ˡɿǰǰϷ˼Ҳʱˡ
˶̸һסʩңչ鲻ǳ֮ƣԼլӣиԼӪŹ̤ʵ
֮ɿЦ֮⣬ºó֪ôֳɵסңֳɵӪĹӣųȥʲô
㵱ĸӼ˶ͶϺšӪŪأӹ߰˰ˣ׬һЩӶȥߣ㻹˵ϷһһڷԣϷ峣ãһղڣݵǼˣǺģ
˳ס˵ν¾ƵζϣҲ֪ǸӣЩӪҪĶմֻ֣©ЩԵʩңܶһЩ֪ð
Ҳ˰Σȥ
⼸ʩæÿջ԰ȥᣬհ첻ÿգҲŽ˼԰ǶΧ
ȻȣҶҡСȣһʩҪ軹Ȳ裿
һáҡȣ΢΢˳ǣȻЦƺʵĺܣ
¿Ȼʡ
ﶼЩʲô
Ů飬˵д֡ƲЩһҲ
ʩºԾȥæ˵
ԡ꣬ںͷʪţԺǶƺòһģޣ΢սһᡣ
𣿡ĶȻһЦ
ЩһЦͷʲô㣿
ɶˡۿץŶһ糤õ塢ӣĵ¶ԡͰ㡣
ǳЦ˦ڷϸš
סǷ⣬ڱһᣬЦ㡣
ǵ⣬ȻһЦ¶ľѣؿбһۣ׵ͶһӰڷһɨ֪綨Ȼϲ˴ʱˮԡմôЩζҾЩŲ⡣


37 
ڷϸմһʪϷɨպͱǴùϸüޣ΢ǵʩգۣǰḶ̌ţΪŪ㣿
ΪĹϵ㡣Ц軨׷𡣡
⣬֪㡣˰ĺܽʩﺬżɢЦʣнƻʹ⣬˫ˮ⣬Ӱӡ
Ǽ֮󣬵ĲһѾ˺ƣҲӦǰ¶ԽԽ࣬ͷĲͷģģõĻģʩֻϲȤǸƵĶ
նŲԣƱסѰ䣬״òǣת컲࣬Ҳ˵ݣͷЩͷֻЦֻĵ
ˣ˼㲻˵һǣüۼЩһɫʩĳ⣬֪ø鼫ã˴Ҳطִ磬ֻϻͱʩԴ˺֣ЩЩһ㣬Դ˺ƻؼ԰󣬸
ͷС㣬ʱǻ˸ƵģЩ֪ôͷЩʲôĹŹͷǴˣˣг˹ϵӻסڸģȻãǸñЩǳ˲лϴѡ
˼նŲһͲ裬΢΢ŲŲΣԶЩһۣЦ򢿴ʩա
ս絹ʲô裿
ǶСʲźȵ裬ζЩҶһƬƬ
ôҾ֪簮ᣬɲáȻۣҲ֪ϲԺҪսúѧЩ
ǿЦЦʩٱਲ裬üζһۡ
죺ЩˣĲʲôζģҳһ¡
ȣвĵʩ̲סЦŲߣ롣
ЦҪȥէȻһԸ˸ɫЩԼСȣȥС㵹һġ
Ǿս㣬ٵһɡֽʩıƿҲ
ʩռȥ裬ŤͷЦ㵹߻뷨跨ʹҵŮ⼸Щǰ˵ææ͡
˵ûûƤ֪߳ܡЦָʹķˣ
˵ƮƮģΨֹҧصģǱоġ
ǸŮβʹҶ⡣
ㆪʲôؿбһֲֽۣмŤͷ
ʩģһЦݿ󣺡ããҲαΡ
ٵĲˮһ࣬£Ը½̰ڳԼʩ棬ΧŮĦ弼ɲѣĲɣµ䣬ʩҲģһһ֣ʱǲ硣
֮ʱʩַԸѰѣʹͬʩһȥʩסԺһҩԭʩĴҩĵĵطﻹɢŹɵҩζڳ򵥣ƽֻ˳ʰżҲʰһ
ʩȥ̴֣ˮҲЩȥʱˡ
߶ţҹҲûţʰЩߡϵĶСҹҲҪҹ
ЩȥɡʩһۣǼ԰ʲô£ڻЩ
ǴӡüЩй񵹲ڴǰźˡ
⻰ôЩԹƵġͻЦǰź򣬺Ҹǰһġ
֪ͶСͬ㡣ҧ˵䲻˵ĻźСԹͷֶ˵л٣ˣҲֻܰΪˡ
ʩζĿ΢Ц˵ʲôлˣ
¶̧ӣǴģȥ˶Сǰ˵Сݺб𣬵ԵöСʹЩһƵġ
ЩЩԽ磿Щ֪߳ܣʩգҵ⣿
Ȼˡѿڶ㷵Ŀʩһۣӿзִ硣
ǾǶС⡣ݸһЦ֪С⣬ôأһͻʣзΪ֮Եʰɡ
Ų˵ʩԴؼ԰ȥȨտãӵͷȻЩҷЩ
յϣ£Ҳòؼ԰ȥ԰Ϩֻ˼յСƣԭ˯¡
ճնˮźϴЩȻսˣʱģ
ҹ͵͹ˡյʱСѾЪˡ
´һۣ֪һЦЦݼޣЦͷ⣺СЦʲô
ã֪ϲս㣬սԼź򡣡Ũ飬ԴҴʩҶСԵĲɵˣ¶ҾףֻиһʵҺã۰ңҾǰϼ֣ʩҹսսıֻڸߣžĵ̤ʵЩҲŸߴһ
̾תϲΪһոȢɩɩϻ˭ܰҷۣ̲ס룬һֱֽģжá
ս㣬ǲǺ˽ӣ뷨ǲǺܿ¡
ɫ΢΢ЩѿϷ˺ʵŶС㣬СԺзҲء
˵ķܱȵù𣿡ЦջϵĿ⡣
ʩҵĴ԰ɣ¥̨ͤĳ趼ȫʶʩڼҲһϯ£Աл⡣
ϼЯھϷˣԷͿѧޣһСŮɶ
¸ż޳ȥûʱգ˴θž˹ɷһ˸ĸʩϷˣּ˸λãͷǸˣȻѳ׼ңͨ˼ûôĹأʶŴϱѦѩ飬ССϱСŮһʩϷ˵Ȳ裬ѧŮĸּλСӣϻЩߣıҪнЩʶ˶ŪһСޡ
ɶʮ꣬˵ȴǻ飬ͿѧԲǣߣʵʵĸߣһ˫ȴ
˼СŮֳЦ⺢ӣ˳ǵŸ޵԰ӣȥϵĻ԰ͼ嶼ģѾͷ֬ˮ۶ƽģͷһȥ԰ӣڶǿԼ԰ɸʲôģ
СĺӾܻͼ壿ʵ
С͸ߣ˵Ķ࣬ͷҲЩ뷨ãƽŵűʲôģһ˵ձͼ ҲԺϧǸжܴȥŸϧǸŮ
Ȼ츳Ǹúúý̡̽ʩϷЦ뿴԰ӣǵȵȣһǿ»԰ȥ
ԷʩȴԺ˾һԺ˷Ȳ衣
ԷǸֲֵˣʩǸ̼֣˴ǰ֮ͷѼĽ飬ֻһº԰Ӳʶ
Ҳʶ˴˶Щ¶ڶԷѡ
˴룬Ҳ˵ѻֱֱ԰ӵĳѽ壬ʩóһСϻ
ʲô
ǰЩӶлżҶɩӰæʩЦҲȥѰлɿתɡ
ԷĬȻСϻ£Ҳ֪ټǺʱⶫһʱᶼҪֱߡ
޷ܼġʩʩҺżֽȥѰȴǲãֻи硣
Էͷ֮ԸģҶˣ԰ӽ»ҪЩ
л
˶һۣ˴˶ܿԷ̽ʹĦȴֲ˵͸ûʲô˵ģԶ׵ˡ
ãԷʣ ƽնæЩʲô
棬ˣ£Ӧꡣʩأ
ƣ͹Է㣬̾Ӧٰɡ
ʶ࣬ʩЦҹһˣֻǮƣûʲôѡ
һ
ӣʩԷ裬˴ᣬٱշൣ
˷˵һϯ˫˫ԺȥʩϷЦ٣֣˼ʩͿԷ֣綼ˣȥ»԰ˡ
ɴ˿Էʩظһ԰ȥľި¥ӳһɫ֮䣬̲ˮ鿺ͱƺɡ
ʩָһ¥󣺡Ƕõӡ
ĬĬУԭЦʩͻȻ˻˳̧ȥֻһرڻľ֮£ԼСͥǧܣؽľ£һݣɫס
ʼղͼǴ㽫ڴ˴ҪãҪαˣҪζԴ
ʵ磬ҵأ
Цȥ粵ӣĬȻˣ£Ĳ֪ԽԽ죬ԽԽ


38 
԰ɻȪᴩӸߵʯɽʱ٣䴦鿣˯ţӳʯܬͥжֲľܣһԺҾסϲ粺͹ĵСԺ䣬Ϸ̨֮ͥӣǰԺͥԺԺͨСȥ㣬ľӴЩŴɽʯݱ¼ֳܷһС˽Сţϸ©ľ裬ң¡
һһȥĻɶһ˫۵԰Ӿ£Цһͼһģһġ
ԷҲЦСãӪ֮ǸȤÿﶼרٹ깦ҵҲһҳ£Ҽҵ²ԺҪˡ
Ů־ǿɼο塣˵ͷԸ⣬ԾʩչһҲŮӳͷޣ˭˵ŮӲС
԰꣬һȥϯƲˣŮڣп⡣ϱԼ͵ʩϷҽ˵
˸˷٣ǳǳƣͣߣϸϸĺ˵
ҲóǰһֱЦȴ࣬ҲЩĲɵģʩϷչţ˶ٶţʩңֻϴλŴҴһ˻ϸģͷЩܣ˳ųȥֵĹ֣Ĳô
ûʲôĲĵġЦһĸһߡ
֪Ĵ΢̾Ҳ˵ҲԸԲԴҳ𣬻ؼҾԴˣնδȥѧҼλȥŸµ˵һͨ˵пֱͣͳˡżţǿԭ԰˼ң˵԰˽ȥżңЩ¶
˵⻰ġҲǼ޳ȥˣֻ˵żʵЩƲˣǺģҲ뿪ЩЩˣҪǰģӰɡ
΢΢һЦл֪罫Щ֮ԺҲŹءҲû㣬һжô
һЦǰ˵䲻Т˳ġڵ߹ûЩ֪ǵĵУ鲻ܣͷģƫŵܵá΢΢һ̾Ҳʩҵĸ˹öҿأƽնѦɩɩΪֺãɶֲˣӣѧҲá޳ȥˡžͷ
üչɫȷʵǱȳǰҪɷ˼֣ͷҲοܹĺãҲˣһ˳ġ
˵һϯȥǢЦﲻϣദҵʩҳԹҹŻؼȥ
ʩϷͷҲˣҷʵˣ޺ɶҲϲһ˳˳ӹúͺӹҲǲԲ˻ﻰⶼԺϲֻű
ٿԼңϱֻһڣӶвĵ飬ʩϷ̾Դֵ÷зϾЩܾǱߣԭЩʲô֪ºʩ˼ԼȥԼҲһӵĻ¾ô洵ͷҲСҪѡʱȴֺײһͷСϲȫĸҪѧõʱҲҪúıһ
ԲҩʩϷŷѣϷˣúҩˡ
ʩϷЩȼЩãҩЪ£ſ֣ЩˣЩ̧ŮõļѨԾЩ
ÿʩϷ˵ȴ֣Բ˵ĸӷñҲܺãʱĸ󡣡
õʩϷЦź绹п⡣
΢΢һЦԼŸ˴ʩϷȣʩϷ˼ݹɣǰԼϥͷϵĳ棬ɵ֪̾ռͷҲܣģĸȻһź£ʲʵļ޳ȥ
һʩϷϴţϸˣֻŷĸĸϥǰТĸ֮
ɵѾͷв˵ĹлŮޣ
ҲδɼءЦŴ粻ȢףҲˣֻдĸҺãҲҪԴ磬ĸãҾڼŷĸŴ硣
ʩϷǰü˳۵ӣø񡭡뷨ƽҪȢ׵һ죬ҲҪ޵ģǻҪֵġ
ɫã̧ۿʩϷһۣǡ
ʩϷ˵ٻؼ԰ڴߣԼ䣬Ǹ͵пĸȥȡ
ȥʱ򣬹ﻹʩϷߣ˵ǽ￪֧ͷԲɺ˵ʵ˭
չѰСӡ
ճȥﴦȡڹﴦȲ˵Цչһ
ѲҲֻýңԲɰ˸Сף˲룬ʩԺʩϷ˱սʩһЩԴоԳصӽڶС߷̣¹ܵ٣԰С㣬ӲŵüϷʵЩӻȥʴԵ˳ܸϷ˻ػ
ʩϷ˺Ȳ裺æӸǰɳؼ԰
ÿնؼ԰ƣղÿգҲһᣬͶС˵˵һյߡõ
Щ񻰣һԲԲüβֻ˺Ȳ裬ʩϷüסͷϾܡ
ҲǴֻǶСвѣֻдڲЩЦ⣬СԴ֮飬˴࿴˶С㡭
ʱͻȻȷǣҲ֪ģҲͬˣҲ˵鵹ǹƧ٣Ǻʹ׺񡣡
ʩϷ⻰Զ˶٣á
⻰δ˵ȥպ͹ǲһʱĬһյ裬պ͹£ЩţʩϷ˵òߡ
ʱ϶δ㣬Ҳ֪ʩϷ˺ͱʲôʩŵϢʱ̤Ժ΢΢һЦεҡҡͷ
԰ȥǶΧԲ裬Цӯӯӭüչ紺ɫˡ
Сأ
С
ʩһֱȥƿԷСױǰԼΡ
λޣ֬۲ʩֻһߣˮܽذŤһֻܽɫСɹޣʢʱ˵õ֬࣬ҿһ˿֬ɫӨ󣬷ҷ˱ǡ
󶯾ͭǰ̧ͷڵһۣմմ֬࣬򴽣ԾϸĽ֬Լϡ
ӣģɫز
ʩⲽǰ𸴴Ӿ̧΢΢¶Цݣ۲תָմĨõ࣬΢̧򢣬꣬֬ڴʴǣһȫĵ
ھĦľֹˮĴĵü续绨
ÿ𣿡򴽣Ť濴á
ʩ£Цƺǵһμױ
Ŵǣǰոǲ֬һãҺϲգգۣ򴽰꣬մ˵õ֬ζƣ΢̾Щõζ
ôЦˮӯӯ޴Ȼòҳô
Ȼ
Ȼ̽ԼĴȥĴϣշתϵ֬ػûڴɫ֮䡣

ֳױ̨ϣŲӦǣǣʪȵĴζõ廨һƲ
ζܼһӰһɫȹղ
¶ЩЦ⣬˳꣬⽻죬
Ӷзһ񣬼ѻ޲ϵκϼɫЩ⣬ЩĲɵ˳ӣһҧǵ˼⣬˱ҧĵط˱ο
ǵʱ䲻㳤ʩס΢΢˳𳤽޶ֶһ˫ˮʵۣϵ֬˶Ǹ¶һǳˮĴֹֻסݵıڵϣɫ壬΢΢Щŭ
´Ρʩ˿ƣԼϵ֬ɹޣϸĨЦЩü˼
ƾָڴ룬һ
һǰһӣŮǻΧͷԲ裬ֻղڡ


39 
һȥĶˣ
ºлƣδ⣺ջ˵ݲȥת۾ͲǾ⡣
ʩ⣬Լȥֻ𣺡ÿȤ⡣
ԭһֻУϸ˿ǽͷȻһĶģ
ʽͷȴϵõģʩϷˡﶼʩƻʱʱ·꣬һΣǷʽ
ȥڵյľһֱڿⷿûʰɱҼˡʩݸ𣬡ÿ˭ӣ
Ӷؽ䣺Ľֶܲµ˭ġ
ʣﶼյвûӣԪЯߡ
ʩɫЩЦҿ˵һʤ䵱ģ̵Ļ˵ϴŹˮζģ˴ϵ˾
Ҳ˵ʲô
Ȼǲ˵ʲôʩʽ˼ҲУֻǼ죬ÿ
ָߵ棺ǼľҲ⣬Ρ
ӣҲûʲôġ
ǾȥɡʩΣ
ĬΣƮƮҵ˼ʴ˸ʩҼպЩĴҲʩҺ͸棬ûʲôϵ
ʩһŽף̿ҡͷ̾Ǹ۵Ѿͷ
մת˰ڶ˵˸Լ޽ǣȥˮ˲ź򣺡СȲ衣
˵˫˫̧ͷĿⶼƫеϣʩЦ΢Цлս㡣
ʩٳ԰ɻȥͣһǰһ·ϣʩĬסŲúõģ۾ôˣ
գ붼ºͣǼ˵ӡۿһȣס¡
±á̧ȥǰԺȥɣŶС㡣
ڴź򡣡ͻȻǰǴˡŴ
ҲʩƮȻȥҰؼ԰ˡ
վڷ۱ǰıӰͷ죬ζӡ
ԭӣҵĶŮ塣Ҳǽˣֳ̼ʸǹ̵·ӣңʩЩԨԴʩԵʶЩ⣬ԭǿʩңʩʩʽ֮£н֮⡣
ʩƹȥʩŴѧԺԺԶδȥؼʩҵӪ ͷõıңʩǵӪδǿеʩĶ;ȻҲǲʩ
ʩץסһߵ֪˼԰ӣԼŮźϯԺҲǰСˣ硭ңûкӹô
ȻҲǰĽģʱҲɣѩɫԳµȣ˽һĻײߣͲڣԺ檣ҲĸԸ
Ҳ˸ϰͷǸӣǼ԰ǸٶС㡣
ĬĬվ˻ᣬת˼԰
ҲЩԭһʱԼղȫ͵֪ͳȥȾƣԭòȥѩȥһϽӣЦѩ˺ȥڼס
ʲôϴúõģĶȥˡ
ǺһЦԼżҶȥˡ
ԭ˸ٹ٣Щ·еڣѩ緢ݹ˰ͽ֮⡣
ֻǰѩͷżǰ־޷ѣֽѩѰŻᣬź嵽¥޿һƣʼʹЩֶΣ½ź÷żͷԲֵ֮óƲŽѩһ˻졣
ƺ֮ʱѩҪӣֻ֪ǮЩѣ֪ѩ֪ĳ˳ģԼ强ǮЩ强ǮɿõģȥǰԼ
żǶ˼ңѵֻȢף檣żѩִˣֲԼһһͷ˸СԺӣѾͷַѩԼѰ֡
÷˵ǣ˵ѩǮΣԪǴԼͳȥģʱһ죬ŵⲻҪĸˣͳȥӣˣҿɲڹˣ̵ͷ
ͬľѵֵӣˣǲֵļĸʵ£ֻ
ɿһߥޣʷҪѩԢӣڵĴղȫ˳ȥ
ѩųԾ˻죬ɿ˴ʧɫ¹ڲ¶ѩ׵ظ洺ɫĸģ
ɿⳡʱŭգ־Ƕһȭ˹Ķˣʱ˶ֹʱɿԲ£ͷ𣬺ɿŤ
һʱԲվŵ˶ǰæһٻսֻѩһԿ߶ţڣ֪ǽͷʱվˣпֵģȰ˵ϵģлϽ͵ģֱַŰ˷ֿ
¶֪ĴʩҺżңҶмҶܣŷԼҶˣֺǼӾʱȴ˴һʱֱȼ˽úõĶǱףͷֿ޿ĸǼӣŷǰԼӣҪżҵ̥ʱż˾ò׻
ǰŹϵתô£ɫףЦǣֱʰҡ
Բţնͷʩ֣ӴȴҲݣֻŴͷ˵ݣƤѣģ̫ÿ
ʩǱߣղȫ˺ʩѶļҶɿϻأϼǸѻٻģ˵һȥָɿƿڴļױʩϷ˲ٰģԼһһŮҪ㣬˶ȴǮᵽ˼һʱʩҲֵüɹϿ޵۾ס
ʩϢԺʩϷ˺ͼǱɿһۣҲȱЩӣֵ˼ǰȥǵòÿҲʩҵ档
أȻת䣺ҲմЩӪڼҶЪЩӣúϵˡ
ʩɿմȾӪµĳԴöȣճĴҲٴʩҹгҷ֪ʩͷЩ
ֲʩϷǰ͸¶֣ʩϷӲѣŲǳЩֻﴦȥ
ﵹЩԷּ⼸Ŀͨ죬̾ԭҲ㲻ʲôֻֻʣһˣϷѸߣ񣬴ͬϷԺ½ҴԵҲ˵ʲôͷ˴ҲȰҪʹ˵ϡȥ԰ǶСնڣڴǰ˵仰ҹá
һ˼̫ˣԼֺߵĽЩճûѰ˵
ֻտϾ٣ǣæýŲմأܵиѰպȲ裬նͷĺ飬۵չγæҲеʱ򡣡
СЩ¡ϲԣȴЩơ
ǸͷأܲҪ˰ɡ
ɣӵء
ϳ䣺Ϸ˸ǰšǸıء˵˼仰˵ѰţʮƷòֻǼҾиһã֣䣬ҪҪһ档
۾£
Ϸ˵˼ģ˵СҵСҲ򵥣޹ȥԿ࣬ϷԭһġԲ˽µ˵£ͷһϣǼᣬҪڼҶסЩʱա
üβŵϷʲô˼
Ϊ¡Ϸ˽ﻹЩã¶δ񡣡̾Ҳ֪Ǹʲô˼
ȻҪõģŲ档æͷҲŶСЩء
ʩҪŮǻôϵֻǲڴǰ˵ҼǿͷʶӵܣƷòҲʩңŲźҪ˵ϣֻ⵱ģϾԶÿڡߣͷҲʶٹүǱȢŮӣ֪ľкüңŵҫ޳ȥǷɻڴ
ԵβȥϷǰ˵˵أܰ϶С㡭
û˿ǻҲЦչǴˣϷǰмӣȰ˵Ȱ˵ܳһ׮ء
߶£չҲڴǰԼ䡭
Ȼģġ


40 
һиĸ׺͸磬ĸŸɩźѲ˾ľƷȢ˸ڼּҵɩɩϣĸֶãֻǺɩɩЩԸ
Ǻ˺룬Ҳǲɣ˳ɻ鲻꣬δкӣֵҲܸɾ䣬ֻһΪңסŸ磬δͷԸ
źͶϷ˼ԼûŮž鱧Ÿɵôһ˵֮£üЩֱ棬ѿ˳ЦǸҲ֪ģ˱ǼʹʲôֶΡֻҲְ̫ǴʱЩҲǳ
ֵ⼸վڼסţżͨ˼ңȥŻȥỌ̇̄ȰĹΪ֮
ȰҧˣȻ˵֪ŮӵĿ࣬Һ͸绻ݣҵ˺ˬһأ糢Ů˶
˵⻰ɩɩһЩͷ٣ТĿǳ绳ӣһӺͺЩ
ϷŮŶ̾˵ĻһСߣ֪߰ģ޼ֻŸҲԼʡʡ
ԣңҧá
ڼסһգȥСסľžͷżţȴЩද
㵹ǺôĵӡԷĶЦŮҼǰϢðգΪ⵵£
Ϣң˲ýģðա⵵£㲻Ҳô
ԷδմɩɩҿĽ⹷ӡðҲҪζ
˲һţ麨ҲҲףҲҲ飬󺹣⳩±֮һ˵
ԷһСϻҽⶫ㣬˵л񡣡
һԭǼö𶧣λεҫۣɵߣץǴ󷽣ֱֱȥΡ
ллԷȥĨ㺹һڣǻǮ
ֹǲ١͹䣬˵ҲǧӣҾĸʹҪ˵αأֻΪ˻ۣ˼ҪĥżңˣҲûӹˬȴǸرӡ
˻ᣬֵԲڳ˵˼ЩˣסҪô
ҲӣôΡԷԽԽ̣иˣֻͼԼǣʲô
ڵˣǾÿЦԼ˲磬ԹŮ࣬תȥмҵˣ֪໹ѦѩЩԼǺˣ˼ȥ˵ĺúͻ
Ҳɽ˺ģֻ˵һ̰
ڼסգȻŷǲӣҲδҶʰǱɩԻżҡ
ѩѲż֣żο˽ЦѩҲʩҴЩϵŷ˸Ӷ񣬱Ž˴ߣڶ̥˶ܶ˵Ҳ˱Ĵ㡣
԰׮£ͷһԲ⣬żαĲӣԲ֣쳣룬ֽǶŮ֮ŲŲҿǣԲܸУʩŮԺȻǽԴϲڹϣʳ֮ζ֮ϧ֮Уֻһʱ䲻ȵĴš
ŷοǰЩ쳣ǿŲס¶ϱ
Բ֪عżңųͶ棺ɩɩܷҸæ
˵ʩңʩ԰ҪôŮ죬Ҫô̸Ц˵ϵЩ۰׷СЩŮڣʩ˵
ȣʱͷԼȥ˿ЪϢֻ˵Цʩ·԰Ƭ̣ͷѺ󣬽Ѱ
һҡӣʩ֣¡ʩڼ£סǰȥ񾲵ݡ
ʵϲ⸱ģεζϲϣüӯӯѩӣбʤҲ飬¶ġصģһϸϸƷ
磬ִϣ̽ȥǣ˱סӣĦƷ
ѣգգۣŤӶʩ˳˿ϣָ롣
ǵ˵ָŤŤ壬ôͷˡ
ôȵմ֮ϸˬӦմȾ֣
ȼųδ㶯һ˵ޣͻȻƺһ΢Ʈ죬ƳƳǰ׹
յɫȴ˲ʱסһЦȥȡ롣
˵ȥͶСЩϹ
ʩ£䱡һ˱ǵһϸϸߣű§ѹڻ
ʩЦꡭСЩ
µļᱡĦָ弡̻һ̣˫糣ס֣ٲס֣Ҳ˺Ǻ˹ĵĴ磬ġ
Ը֪ҵģ䣬Ըĸ֪
ҧ˵
ϵ㡣
нŲյӸͶС͹ӳԡ
ʩЦĴ˿նŵ۹Ƴˣ˿ϣŤͷʩҲԣȥ㷼ȥЪЪ
ȸϿͣһŲߣʩҡҡͷкգ߰ɣöСú˯һ
ʩƺѣͷͷ˵˺һĻɫԣǵ÷Цϡ
ͷЦһʱ˿Ϸȥ˯ţֻķҡ
ϣº篣ɽᰵɫǳǳ⣬չҶԾӰ⾭ңõգȴãûĸûˣһֱСĻţԭֻż޸ɾãӰһ췭ظ֪ڡ
ʩ˵˺һĻȥʩȥͷգ԰
ǰƼ԰µᣬ˼䣬Űѷ԰˱裬ǡöСҲڸţ壬ÿﶼŶС˵˵յƺ̫Ըȥ
ʲôԵʣ
Ҳֻ̫֪Ǿ÷ƺЩԹ֮յҲƵģɫӣֱӵ֣ƺ˵Щʲôݵģ
ˡʩЦЩ£ķ˵˼䣬ϸǳĨӣֲĸȥ
ЦЩڨڨģҲ룬ڴǰڡ
ʩһȻɷѿģݵķϣ֮أΣ
ٺұ˵ϻʶΪˣֻϷߣźͺģǸĳˡͷŶã¶ϲūúáЦӼʶǳֻܿЩ
˿޵ĺˣ˵ʩЦհգҿͷһμˡ
ˣ˵Ļв֮ҶҿЩԸȫķңδлȴЩסʩ̾һˣԭ֡
գʩȥ˿ɿ˵һЩҩƷֶ˺ͺػȣӺãʩһϯپ˵
ӦʩϷˣǰЩи֮⣬˳ϯĳܱܾͱܣʱȻϯʩʩϷףһϯȹƮȻЦ
ʩϷʩüٿ𣬼ҳױһȻġСֽԼεô󷽶£ǰԣԽԽֱ飬Ůˣڼá


41 
ʱ֪ĶȹȦűè˵ȣպͱ£ǰ΢΢һЦֺĸʩȥ
ȥĸŮ㣬ȣɣ粻òǧвرƲȥǲѪԵϵľб䣬ȻһֻòŮϼűʡ
ҲαмҲǽҲ欲ʩעǰǰһšȦ££ɡ
Դʩңʩ˵Ǿ䡰㲻ܱȡ֮Ҳʹ첻Ҳ˵һ仰·װ˷⸱װǻƵģʵڲˬ죬ǻһƫƫЦúʲôأ
˶ĿͶϣĿʩϷ˺ʩһתºݺסֱۣüߣټҶڵȶ㿪ϯ㵹ã
Ǹ⣺ԲסҡʩϷˣдֹʱ֪ĸ𷣡
ʩϷϵ޲֮ɫ˱áԸ˸ˮ֣ݲյ
ϯʩŵģؼžۣҲк޾ɺ֮⣬˵ЩЦžƺһһиơ
ѹƱյȾƳԲˣЦһʱֻ֣ϣЦ
ʩ˵Щҳбһۣ룬ȥ͵͵һֻ裬΢΢˦˦֣׽סǣԼ
ϯϺɿڣʩ˵Ӫ괬ˮԭ򣬼̺ͳ̶תָңֻʣҩ̺͵̻ţ괬֮󣬽ͷţҲؿﻹЩڣʩЩӺͱ괬Ӫ
ߺ˷˵»֣йܰϸֱָָԲȭոպð£͵ɫ򶨵ؾٱਾƣпԲˣǵȤ
󸻹󷢴סʩϷ˵ʩֽ߰˱ֹѹùõģȣʲôãΪϡ
֪
ʲôӪ֪֧˲ȥծЩǮıϢǮʩϡ
˺ӴֻУҲڡҺһҩ򲼣ϱ¾æµҲǸ۵Ĳ̺ҩĿͣЩͨЩϵЩӪҲˡ
ס̰ټң޸߰ˣѳСЩǣûŵССҲ򣬷Լҵ
ҲһʱҲͼ֮ʩϺɿ֪ԶλǼұۣ»λ
ɿͼıطҪģմϸ˵һ
ҪҾ֣ûֳأϡվֱ̣һƬͨ죬ָӡּʩЦ⣬ѣأȻһ١
ɿ©ֻƬ֪Լʲôôæٱ˵˵õϵĵطֶܷԸ
ɴ˵ʩϷЩǣʩƺгģСԼ⣬Ҳ
پϯɢ磬ʩǺһؼ԰ȥȴֻб¸ţȴµս˴գ̲סȥˡ
Ҳ⣬ﻹֽ̯īȥʰֻһȴʩȣҰһʰ
ͷҪͲ裬ǰȴӣ΢㷲ǰԶŲ̻ѬϳԵģӲһȥ˵
ʱͷﻹʩϷ˸͵һֻӣмɿ죬£㶣ʯϣͬһ˻ᣬʵ̲סתȥ
ﾲĵģˣƲӰΨ˫Ьİǰֳᶥ΢΢¶˿϶͵ͷĹ⾰
ֻƼʩϣˣ¶һŮںڵķһֱŰƵȹƼһֻѩ㣬ɫϡ
ƲǵݣҲ죬ֻڷ˲䶥˺ͷ
ԣǶġ
֣ǾɣǾĶģʩκŮȾˡ
ᵴ˵ڵ˶δʩ˾ƣѵ
ҪһյĲ裬Ҫζȵĺ޵ʯƣζľһֱֱԺǵĿѣԡ
Ͽǵһ㣬̵ʱǼޣͬһʰڶǰߣôɵˣԶԼ˵ȴϲúͿ⡣ʳ֪ζ˼ҹ룬ֻ
ҲҲɫ糺죬ֱĿм䣬ʲôʱأֲֲ֣
ʩסָ¶⣬˵
հߣףֹֹϥؾصĶϣʥ飬⼸֡
ƲƲ죬öġ
βɫĺ죬΢΢ۣԼָ⣬и弡µøУٴ꣬ȴǿտĿʧ䡣
Ƭ̧̣ۿĶͷһģ⣺öģǾͲ
ڽʲôط
ǰһ̻Ǵ繵ģʱ䳰֮ɫ̲סȥ׽֣ˣ


42 
ڽʲôط
ǰһ̻Ǵ繵ģʱ䳰֮ɫ̲סȥ׽֣ˣ
ûңϲָ⣬˵Ǽ԰õһǸɾġ
עǰգ֪˵Ĳҡ
ˣˡ
ʩףϵϣúúЪšңԳ˼԰
δĽŲǰȥվãӰʧڻ֮󣬲תݡ
ţҲˣ֮߳ԱµҪԡ
¼ɫʩһЩææȥԡ׼
ʾѩ׵ˮ΢΢˲ԼȫˮУˮоٵĸоϤСʱˮԺܺã⽭Ƕʱ䣬Żˮ϶ϾʱˮȥźǼѵõȤ䣬
תͰڣһͷʪķǰźСԡ
ղŪʪģշϸľϣɢǳǳĺۣӶ£һ·ѩ弡ϡ
ʩ꣬Ȼ֪ʲô֪ڴʱпֶ֣ɢֹܣȴδֺۼ
ŵˣµǫǫӣͶ㶼崺磬ʼֽ񱳵ȴԼϵùҡ
ֳָ׻糼ۣյĿԼϣһԣɫ죬ͻȻмֿ⣬סЩۼȥ
ֻվŲü⣬Ӳ᣺ˣȥ
תߡ
գȥʩϷ˴˵ɼŸֱֵͥ˵ʩϷ§ϲȲ衣
ǸϲϯȥͷѧѧڼҽţСҲܸźúڼʩϷ˳֣ѧʼãҲǸ軭дֻ֣ʱЩãǰТŴδǣȡ
˵ҼжĹСϲѧʣճҲд飬䡣
תҾЩ¾ɣòҲͶһһۣҾĿбӣʣѧ񣬼С㣬߶Ÿϣ֡
񣺡ԺϤḶֻ֮́ܽܿڡ
˵ʩϷ˵ֻһĸãݶסÿղҲʱգԸˣճЪޣһͶȥ˵ȥݳӦã֧ȡһĳʮ񣬷лϷãѧȻľҶ顣
һţʩϷ˽ݶˣȻٿΪ˹кԵĬਲ衣
ʩϷĴϣǣϲϴŷһȥǰԺңԸ׼īߣŰ谸ҡ
࣬ɤºֹͣмֺøУʩҵʵ˵һ˵ҶСͱҽף˷죬˻飬ʹ˼Ż䣬ԭǲӦˣֻԼĸż˵Ʒò㣬ָУӦûϢʩϯ
˹ҺȲ裬΢ļϲѧʣƬ̣һλ¿ӽ
ӼᣬòҲðһãһ˫΢ĵ۲˿⣬ʱֻ¿ֿЦĳŷ񣺡Ǽϯʩ
ຮѣʩɫģǣϲҪԺֻڡ
ʩȥ˵ʩϷ˵λµϯǣҲˣĸǲ䣬ҲԿˣΣ
ʩأ˿Ż㲻ˣ̸¾ֹףҾá
ʩϷͷһͣµİ˵ʩ˵ʲôǲǰͲһӲޣֻס԰˿Ц
ʩ۲˵ֻܺȲ裬ְΣʩϷ˳Ů污Ҳõ𱸣жֳĸֻһ仰Ů֮Ҳ⣬οϵҶ԰ҲذˣսѾͷʰʰ԰ؼ԰ȥŲס˵ϲ衣
ʩᴵŲյϵĩ
ʩϷ˼ϲɽ¶ˮ޺޵ȥĸҲ˵ȽٰĻһᣬǸʵڲԸʹдѵĺùڡʩϷҲЩ𲻳õӾԼϲϱĸ֮ý֮ԣĪĸĻĸΪ˺á
ʩϷ̾ĳʩ˵ʩҵĳЩ۵˾㡣Сɶ£ĸ̵ֽúãҺ㸸ףҲδϲٹġԴ㸸ȥף£ĸ۰㣬㣬ʩҵ棬ммǣһһУв̤
ĸĿȻסʩȻȻĸἰҲֱԲ䣬ȢӣΨòܹ˷˼
ʩϷô˾ƮƮĻ׹뻳˰Σ˵ʲô
ĸΪβ룬Ѷü޸أòʩˡֱԣĸ۰Ҳ۰÷ĸѰ˼ңҲòҵĻ£óױƸһãա
ʩϷϲ֪ʲôɫ׺쳱ãʩƣƤӶֶǻµ˵Ĵ˰δűһ仰⻰˵ȥñ룿ǵʮãת۾ͳ˷ޣﻹûܣôʹˣˣ룿ĭӶˣʩ˿Цڱָָ㣿
ֻҪĸͷʩͼ֮ЩʱգЩ⣬ҺͶһТ˳ĸɣӦǢ
ʩϷ˾㵲ԣҾ֣ĸˣܲþţȲĸģĸ˶ӣ̥һմĸôʱĸʰļ֪ĸͨ͸ҲĸȫҺ𲢷ãδɡĸִ⽫ޡ
΢΢һЦĺڣżҵףͲ˱ô
ʩҪߣֵ֪ĸǰ˵ЩʲôҺͶáɫ⣬˼ûʲô
δ̶죬ԲɵľϷˡ
ʩϷɫ࣬ҧԲñ̺ڱ˰βŻعʩʩϷ˷ϣԸȥԴֶʩϷ˵ĸúþȽ졣ֻĸ꣬ףĪΪӡ
ʩȥ˼԰ڶǸϯ̶˵ЩЩѧΪҲ̹£Խύһ
˵ȵӣ粵Ǻʣ粸ĸëëӣأ
գգڽޣ˵
òİɣ΢Цŵһμ棬þ˵Ȳ裬Щס
ºնڶڣǰͷǣϺҲöԱ
⼤ǲв
ȴЦұ˳ƣֱֱϵԼԼؿڡ
ȥŤͷȱºա
ʩ
ꡭꡭĶ֮ϣȥ׽Сƣһҵ
ˣ˵Ĥ
ҽ˵һ仰˫شҴ仰ΪȻ˵ŷ仰ҿġ
ſؿڣޱĿ
һЦݣ貹âͷƯסϸϸܵüǣβϡ
ҪҪģҪȫռУûԵ
ҪͼıռˮʯһԶȡϵ֣ٹ뼴
˶ĥãպͱͷΣճĬʩٳ¼ˣϥȴס
ʩƳһۣԸˣٹվͰ԰ȥǱʱҲȥЩЩõĶŲȥȱЩʲôȥ׼
ֽ
⼸ŶС㣬ƽʲô˵ֻ֪࣬٣ҷģֻʣգȶСȥ԰ӣЪһ󡣡
մͷ
˶٣ʱͬգҵӣЩȻ㡣պĸȫЩҲΪԼı㲻óԿС˼Լĸĵ㲻֮ܵĸӹֲãÿȥҩҲЩġ
̧ͷۿ죺ū澵һƬȫڴϣū澲ҲֻŴġ
һż԰ĵƻ𣺡֪ˣȥɡ


43 
ʩҵֻ괬Ƿҩĵǳ㽻һƽ˹ţ˾ʱǹϵ۳ֱˮϰƴʩͨؿˮ;ؽ硢æ괬
ֽ͢ÿΪİʯϽʡݵȽϱĲ֣ϱ͡ԼĪǧңǧڻֺ͹ݲǧҴӼʦ֮ʱӶ񴬼ӴİʯʮнԸϡǲ֮أ͢ԭȵİʮΪֺ֧쵽ת̣зλ
ⶡԴ̶ԣССֲֵһᣬʩֻ괬
ôһ㣬Զԭ·ĻϺ嶼Щɻ󣺡˾٣ЩСʧ󣬲ֱӴй׬ĻЩ
ǰ٣Զ緷ãܼˣҪЩɴֻ˵İʯʹϽֻǧң߶䲹䣬Щ񴬶ҲΪȨ֣ѵǾԸʵԩͷ޵֮أɿУҲֻΪǵ㲹ȥġʩ˶٣ؿ˰̲ҲɷһǳİʯİʯĳˮʣأؿʱܷЩؾľƤҲ١
һ뾪ɣ˼ңҲûſôó·Ͼ˰ǲɰɡ
ʩ΢΢һЦҲֻģЩͷڹʮ꣬ڹֶ̽̽·Ӫɲɣɣı·
ɿ˴ֶ֣˼ȥһˣ
ʩףҽ˷֧ӣعٺ˹ҪЩӣд˵ССҵڽգ²ѣʱٺͱһ洬ϣǸʲô״Ժ˳죬Һͱǲ˳
ЦӯӯɿҾ֣һ˴ҵ֧穣ֻʣҺͱ֧棬ġ
ȻҲֶܰ˭ȥνֶͬģϽ𡣡
ʩȽɿߣۻϵ˷ЩǣӪСôۺ죬˻Żãû˻ţЩס
ʩ˱˶˷Ҳ֪ӵıϢ·ߣԵ֮⣬Ӧٸ̰˰ܸʮ꣬ܳƵϡ֣ҩҵǮžͰգͣˣЩĥ͵ӪЩ
̾ʩڶȻһЦǣﻹŽ겻ٹծأиܷڷɵĲô
ʩɿϲ̧ȥ̻׬ʮʮĴĿʩ˼ʱ򣬸ϲʤϲӲڴ£ػ˰գȼһȥͷϺͷ֧黨ָССģ˺ˮƻ޴飬ڼ˰ֳȥˣ֡
ǰѩɿԴרȥΣ¥μﻹ֦ȻϲкСȥƲϯ˲ɣһ˵ƣμϲɫʲô£ǵˡ
Ȼˣʱתҵĳͷˡɿ§סκȾƣԺǷؼסȥ
βĹ̻կˣȥ֪Ǽݽ¡
ֻһˡ
˳ԵþŨʱŮ´קţˮ֮䣬Թ飬ߡ
§סˣһ£ʩСԼĪûСʩˣȥ˳ֻ˵УһֱѣҪūͣϣһֱء
ɿĨæûգһͬһȲ˵
һˣյüæūӼʩСˡ
Ǵôлҡ
νЦҪʲôл񣬾
±֮ɿڳţιȥū˵ţɿūźɫСȹԽϸ֫ᣬ֬۲ʩڷֻһţֻ۾ףͷ̧̧ӯӯһݣ΢΢¶һЦ
ֻһЦϤֻ벻ͷūҪʲôūҲ˵ԥΣӷȡһ֧ͭƬѼиɿתʩ
ʩ΢΢㶣ЦЦ˳˳˰Ӻ֧ͻūֻ˵Ըúù
ūǰӣһʱȻ֪Ǻá
ʩϷ˽Щã⼸һֱԴҩϣʩÿնʩϷǰţʩϷⲡʩ𣬼ɫѣ˵ǷҲԸ棬ֽסǰТĺأתһ룬Լ׷ͺڷˣǰ֮ˣǰԼ۰صĳƫִͷǹִӣʲô취
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44 
԰¶˪ʩģŲʮңǰһֱԺѧأټʩȻϺȲ裬ԼСĬ¹ͷⶼЩɻȴֲ
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45 
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46 
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47 
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48 
סʩҶһСԺڣҲǷ۱ھҾУһͨʩһ԰һСͨͷǶŶԺҲź򣬱ԭȼںַ֪ǿ˶٣ҷ򸾶Դ˶Ϊ⣬ɿʱæδϸ˻⣬ͷģ塣
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49 
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Ϊеĺãõġ
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Ȼûʲô˵ģ߷ﵹһ̰


50 
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ʩȥʩʩϷ˺ϹܼңֻǺʩϷ·æµԹϲã֮٣ЩŮǴ³Է飬ԼܣʶʩϷ˰ѺԺ½ҲбԺˣǵǹ֧ȡô
Ժ֧澵Ǯ֧֬ǮЩһһȡոǵʲôǮ˵һɣҲֽǼɵμңȻвٵƣССҲƽ⼸
˱ʩĶ࿴һۣϣ𣬳Ŀ֧˶ʮӣ»ڿⷿȡҩĲ
ĶʮȣǱ߲õÿ´Щۼ÷Ϸ֪£ҳǮÿȥîֵЩ£ڿ֧ⷿЩЩҵЩԼõģ⼸Ϸ˲ԲҪģ˵õġ
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51 
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ᴭż⣺նصˣڼ԰˶͵͵Ц֪ϲɣ֪ĻΪʲôʾء
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52 
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ǰʩֳ˽֮£Ժ԰ռסɢֽŮӣһʩϷ˲б˴ţֻСŹ۽ԺҲţ߶ҹǲҹѲ԰ֻʲôСˣ˲ڼҽҺԺ
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53 
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ŮûʲôģֻǾӹòͷͷڽŵʩϷ˴ȡ
ĸ˼عһۣ췭ظ˭òͷʩϷã˼绻طӦӦΣ
ĸʲô˼أʣҪδأ
ʩϷҧҧҲΪʩҿǿǡˣվܾ㡭ĸ޸Σ
Ĭã粻ԸҼ޸ҲδԸȢҡ
ҲδҪ޸񣬼ϲߣܻ鷳Щ
ֻҪӵͷ粻ԸΣʲôԸģ
ʩϷǰʩϷ˺ͷ˵ڰصлϷ˺񰮡С浾ׯСֻѧƶ־̣䲻϶С㡭
ʩϷüҲЩˣҼҲ㣬ҼңЩá
ҲҲѧʵѧʲϷ¡ƴǵҲܳ¿ңл񣬡ѧ֪֮øͿرֻǻ£ѧпԣµС㡭
ʩϷ˰̾ϡ
תҲοʩϷˣ˾ӣȻ֮ҲԸ޸
ҾͷȥڰϣͣסŲ񣺡ѧͥϵĻǶССȥС㲻ʩҡѧͷҲǻϲġ
Ҿ֣̾˿ϿҵǲԸȢֻ²ȢڼС˶٣Ҫдͷ
㶣Ҳ̾˿ĸ˼Ҳ˼л¡
ԸʩϷҲ˺üյüͷûдĵֿ¾ĵ˹ȥ
սҲʩϷźʩϷ˵ĶͷʶǸӽıˣʶкЩῡţϷ˺βûʺϵѡ
ʩϷһ˵渵ԭϷֶύһ˼ңǼҹڽΪ٣ύ㣬Щͬ٭˾ѰҳʶĶֵ檣ŽŮòiᣬ׷Ľ˼ҽܣиרŵıˣؽ࿴ҲǸ裬Ϊ˱ֺһ˵һӲѡ
ʩϷ˵ףףҲգΪ檵ǲס
ҲȢ޵ģЩ˵ӣ;ãֻڻԣҲѰź¡Ǳ˼ֶϱ᲻ü޹ȥأ˼ôŮȥ檣޵ġ
һ̧ȥ޻֪ʱ˼ţɲԼʩϷҡͷҲŹ˵Ȣף˼檣ﶼţôԸҲֻΪ׬Щӣ۾˵Ϲ컨׹ġ
ϱ飬ʩϷôһ˵һۣŵȻϷ˲ģǾˣֻϷֶϱҲֻһ˵ģҲڱֶŮ϶졭
ʮգʩæƣȲơڤǮȣˮ½飬ʩɿڼңʶͷ˰æǰæ󣬿Ҳ˰ģĵ֡
ˮ½æ꣬ʩҿϷˣҲؼãԷǰʩ֮У԰ӸûʲôҪ֮ǿ˴ӶϱСŮɶˣʩϷ˼࣬Ӳްֲ֮Ҳǻϲ
ȣϯͰˮߵ¥¥ֶߣһпͣһŮͣмϷ̨š
ԷͿѧˣʩ嶼ڣӴҲ㣬ˮ˵Ȳ裬ֶϱŮ㲻ţ԰ˣ
粺ͷڱ̲ԶԶ¥Ӱӣϻز˵Ҫ԰˳ô´𷣣ߵԶԶġи⡭
ʲô
̲ͷˮϲмСôȰǷ񺰵ͷȥٰ԰Ҳڲ˽ӣͷ˨ϣǰգٽȥǸ޵ݡ粻ǵʩͷÿÿƣǰһ
ü룺⡭ⲻ̫ðɡ
ʲôõģǷ񲻾ĸѡ԰˵ôǰջһ˵岻صġ
ŷҧ䣺ȥ
ۣ˵ͷӵϷ



54 
ͷſԷѧһ˵Сŵŵܽ
һôˣ
Һϲ硢ͯ壬ϲҲᣬֻϺͯ棬ҪҸȥͷ档Сﻹǣһ̽Һô
Сʱϲѧ棬Ҳʶ֣Ǹĺӡ
СǣסϣЦʣĶ棿ʲô壿
СֶֺŴһָǱߵĸ
ʱԺ߶԰԰ӸİСָ֮δ̤㣬üͷʲôط
ԷЦǴãطֻһô￾ѩ
СûзӣЦֵҾ֣С֣Ҳӣˡʧ㡣
Ա㡣ԷͿѧЦأƬҲߣЩٺȾ˵
Է˸СҪ԰Ӹɽʯͤ󿴿ƣѧỹҪȥԼϱ
ͷűıСȥ·ƹ˴ϣ߳ˮԶǰͷһƬïʢ«έһĨ뻭ǽ֪С˵á
έ߳ľͰӣʯݣһһľ׿Ͱأһˮڷ۽ǣεδ۽
üʪյ½ǣæǸǰãС֧֧ᣬһҪܣȽȥҡȥ
Ƚݣԭ˴ǳƷ͵ӣͨһ壬мǼˮ贰䶼ɳ룬ȥ°һ̣ض滹δʰϲСͯȴ֪ȥ˺δͷο˿Լʪѣ̾˿Ժ죬Ҳú߶ŪˣȽʰɾٵС
Ӳ֪ӺδС¯ﻹ̿ʵڶԲס¯ӣڴ˽Ⱥһɡ
Ҳֻõͷл£۵ˮšɣڻĺ档
߳ãὫϣųȥ
ʩϷ˺Ϳ˵Ѧɩ㣬ϴңڶɶ壬ݳԼЦС㣬ͷСͬСڱ̲Ͷȥء
ڣദǢЩ£Цɶһȥô
ɶԸ⣺ȥɣҾĸ׺ɩ档
ͷǰꡣŤͷԱ֪ˣȻȥ
ЦģСɿЩŤͷӺͱһ˵Ựô
֪ºͱСһ𳤴˽һȥɡ
һ꣬ݣԼ԰ȥ̲òԶԺھĵģֻиСŮףǰЦСӡСһȥˣڡ
֪ˡףӱ̲ǰһ·ȥ
ýˮһɫķǽ촰ǽïʢ«έžºãգЩȣˮͨ˶ˣʯҪȣ£Ÿ̳á
ԭӭ·ߵģ̧֪ͷһۣȴƵһԶȥ
粶ڽһ껨úϢǰϣͲ裬һƹѹʣ㺰Ͳȥʲô
һ㶣Ҳļӽˮ˽ȥɫЩףôˡ
ҼʲôʱòźˮˡԹŮãHͲ裬ûźôҲ
˼ĥĥȴ磬վСƬ̣ҪģżٲȥһſںȷһǾҪ¶ˡ
Ȼվǰˣ㣬ãã
ҧȳȥͷ취
粵һۣʱȴҲûиõķӣͷ˫˫ӻȽǰװѰüͷƵģǺõȣҵҲ㶼Ȳˣû˼
ЦˣŶһǶԲסˣĸǵһᣬûɢô졣
Ǳȥǰסֱߣȥˮ鿡
һۣһһųȣһ·ˮȥ
ź£ǸֽͲ裬л԰ѲˮһС֪˰ҲСҲϲͷԼ˵ڴ˾õҲв㣬Դԭ·ãȽأ֪ιʱϣƵһӳãԺȥѡ
ˮǹϳ֮ŮҲҲвŮڣߵ˴Ƭ̣ӺȤ˦˦ȥҹ粻ӰЦŮ֧Сˮߵ㣬ǣСǰŸȥ˭ѽ
ǷءӵӼС·
Цͷ
ϣȵãˣϻһ裬ڲ豭ɸɾֺδһֻ󱳵亹͸ˮڴ⡣
ǱʩϷҪЪʱЪſˮȥԼҪȦһЦ٣ЩͷɥѰЦڻôˣôĹﻹһ
б졣
˿粣ҲЦתҲͤͤӴˡ
ɲôЦݣҲʮˡ
Ҳǵ̸ۼ޵꣬ҲѰĺŮ»ץЩٵȥˡ
ҲԭǰЪţ׼ңŮѸﴰƿˮ棬磬ϡˡѦɩһ
һ԰¶˪ˮˣ԰ӭײͿԷһ·˵ŻƼ𣬽̧Ҿ
ӺδЦʣһֱ
ҲЦǰ԰˰գٻȥѣ֣ſ˵Щ԰죬Ҳľԣһˡ
һ˵ȶ۵ˮ鿣粺ͷڸĸ߿ƣקӣʾ⣬ֻˮһǣͷ񲢼վһ϶Ц⣬֪˵Щʲô
ͷ˵˼仰¶˪ȥˮߴԷͷпͣͬͿʺһ˼ƧСȥȲ˵
Ǵֵģȥ˵Щҳ̣粲ͷкȥ¸ȥ
ָ𣺡㣬Ҳһô
üˣãҲĽ̾Ҳżļǣһˣ֪ôء
Ϻ͹ЦɲôǽüÿͬͬģͺȣĿҲϲ
ͷ粵Ц֣ͽŮԼˮ鿣ǰ§粣ϴŷɶĸŮ˸üɫ裬ڡ
ü˰¸ȥﶣźú˵𵽴ϹϹ档
֪ˡ
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лáСŹǷۣҹȵ˯ţվ׷
ǰŸߣҲ¸ͷֵһҲ˸˵ĽվţƬ̣ȻӱתվͷҲǣҲǡ
ǾóȻǰЩ񷨣С˵ÿУվţԲ죬Ťͷһ̽ף΢΢һЦ
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ǡ룬ҪôظգҪôƬ֮һ˳Ц
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ЦˮҪôԼˮҪôҰȥЦʣˮô
ҡҡͷᡣ
Ҳӡ΢Цֻίˡ
üƺɫСӡƺòôã
ôģ
ǹúãϷҲҰɡһ׵˼ң󸮵ۡ
ҪԷƱô˵ĸʶء
Ҳ̾˿лС㰲οġ
¸ˮһһСһǽһˮϸǽߵùȥȴ̫С
ͬͬţߵʹ࣬ѷƽˮˣȥһٳ
粹ȻһȺȥ¸ϸӰտգͷ񶼲ټٳȥɺŮˮԴ
ػ¸󣬺֪֪ˣʪڸ
ƺյһ죬ȥţѴͷ
üͷˣ
ҡסûԸ
ͷŮЦʵ̲סš
ҧУǶˣ취ȥ
ﲻ֪ʱһˮЩܣϳԼһסԼҲ˱ˮ
δ֮˵ԽԽ죬ԽԽ̣ԽԽܣԽԽȡ
Ϧɽ鳲˶ڣֻǲ粣һʲ֪˴ն
ﰦһһȥѰδ߳ãֻ¸ƿһȴӰͨһںˮ
˴һæǰԭˮǷ粣ɫ͸һɹ̺죬粽ۣڷС
⻹ģѶ͸粵ȹƯڱ̲֮УŮ߱¶ˮУץһֻ첲
ⳡֵЩÿˡ


55 
ˮҰѣⶼվˣӲӵϼͶˮϣ̲ܿˮеˣᱡƯˮУɫ̺ϼüͷץŷؿ½󣬷ɫҲһ㣬ץ粵һֱֻˮڡ
һ˲Χ۵ȺžѻͿ֬۵ѩף࣬͸ڣĺɫ
־̣죡죡С
Ƿ׷׻عӶˮϵߣȥ粣죬
ʪ˱ڵϣϱ䣬ͷȴȣ澷˽ڲˮŻۣüͷָȥԼʹѵĶͷΧۣԷԼ˻ӵתͷһԹ§粵ᣬΧǰǸɫ˲ҰܣȻһԲ
򸾺ʩϷҲѶҴҸڹﻳУһϯ̺˫Ŀգɫ԰ףȧβȴ̺죬粣粡
ҲתѣԼڹﻳǰΧһȺˣɫţԱ߲֪վ˶ˣ̽ͻȻԼδ£۵һ޳
һȺˣԭȥ¸ץͷУû˸գ¸ȥֻһ÷ڵţԹδΰ£ֹƻԼͷ¸ײ
ͷڸڰ죬Ҳֻ̫ŵɢȥȵǺ裬Ƭֻ֮գܣֻ̰Щɿ죬ֲҿֻͷĬĬ͡
彥ЩԾƵñϥҪ޳ɫֻٰͣ˼ٵĺҧأ˫ﻹѪ˿ƽץȦΣҲظǡôˣ
㡭ʲô裿ҧ
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裬Ǻ裬Һһˮڱпߡ
ﺰȥ¸ңֻϣδҲûвͲ豭
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Ҳеﶼˮ棬Һˮߴúԭƣȥ¸˵¸˻ᣬҪȥӣԭˣö˵ҪڸЪᣬǰŸߣԸҲȤֻ׷óȥѰӣǸˮߵ㣬ҲûŲ֡
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µȻҪ졣ʩϷ˱ۣͷ۲ѣĵģĪҪš
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Űԭԭ˵úͺˮƵЩ޿ģֻͷһֻǺ֪ôŪ¸źͲ裬Ĳġ
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ͷһġšüͷʲôȥѷ
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úö˶ʲôȥ͵ʲô裿
æͣҲֻǺģһʱûôЩֻŷͷôãͱˮȥǾһͨ裬ˡ
ҧǶ㣬ȻôÿǸͲӵʱʶ˼Ʋߣⲻȥˮ鿣ҲǹģԸǣȥ¸õķӣѷŪʪ˲ˮȥȥţҪѿ
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ЩԷŽϲͷȥһԺ鷿
ʢССˮҲôÿڿν飬ҲǶ˶٣Цһ˵ô
˽鷿񣬸Ǹհˮ¸ҹģϹǸ
ֵȹϷŪҲʹ졭ҵԭ⣬һΪ˱ȫԼ粳ԸС¸Ƭ̣ݲɳӣڣȻźͲˮЩȷʵ֪顭
Ҵ¸ʱûвˮҲδ뵽粻ڴôá
ЦһձʩüˣùǺ
ֻδϵǰΪѡлԭţԭԭ˵ҲлԽ͡ȫԼϡͷЩ
Һȥĸǰԭԭ˵ɡҲΪ粽һ򴽣Ȼôȥ¡
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żŵ棬˵ͷתߡ
ͻȻŤͷ˾ӣĿؽ󡣡
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̾˿ʮԺԭ꣬ĸ壬ٵȥС״ԼԼҲЩΪˡҲܴĦЩ˵żңҲһЩ顭
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΢΢һŷٰһݣתƮƮˡ
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ŷˣ᷽ĸݺĸ˵еĲµļãЦԱº¶˪ϲء


56 
ʩϷ˺ͷĸȲ˵̫ʩϷȷʵʹ죬ͷԸ粴ϣ˷۱Է˵룬л
ĸ֮ǰ˵ǰϾԼٲʩЦǸһ˵˵ȥʩϷȢ粡
ʩϷ˵ͷǾӣһϰ֡
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Ȼǿ޿䣬ٰʩϷǰ߿࣬ʩϷ˭ڱѴ˾Ļ̻̣լ
ʱҲĸǰȴ꣬ͷҲۿ᣺Һ޲ܿࡣ
ֵޣŵúͷʵڲ̣ҶҪҪﶼֻｫĻ־Ǻξġ
ҧѪ̣׽ʵھִҪ˵һ䣬°粺ͷЩ¶Ȼ󲨣Ҳ޲
⼸ڱ̲ŲҲͷԷзֱޣĸİԼĻ£飬鵽ȵز뵱ʩҪ˺ôһƢѷһ٣²òޣȡ裬кˡ
תһ룬Լλ䵽³ڱ̲ˤǽ壬ҲֻʹȰο粣ЪЪɣΪλߵ档
ڷ˼գҲˣҲйˣҲ֪޿κε飬˼޷񣬻ʲôӣʶҲһҲţҲҪ棬Լڱ̲ա
ʩϷҪ񣬴һٷİӣ־㣬ȥ԰ߣԼȥƵЩοȰ
Ҳſģֻ˵ҲǼҵԱЩǷǱã֪պûзɻڴʱֳȣҲƥ䡣
ҧ֮գҲʲڶ
ĬȻϷﳤ̾˱˵˵ΪĻء
⼸տ粣Ҳûǵ˼ȥϷǰź򣺡ϷǰЪּʲôԵʡֵѽıϷǰȥ࿴࿴ܳ£Ҳ㹦һ׮
΢ЦϷãǲӦأҲò֡

֪ĸҪȥʩףɫҲЩüͷվǵ˵ͷһĸ
󵹰粽һȥˣʩǰƾ֮ʣҲÿЦ
粱˶ĿȥǰԺ鷿С쾮飬һ棬ɫ죬Ҿ֣粼һӣǸէȻˮ龰εͷƤּۣһ鶼ޣ˵࣬δζ䳰ȷüԣ죬Ŀбӡ
в죬޺޶ţСˣΪռұˣҪЮȢңǲ޸ģİɡ
ѹСϵʰС˵ˣһûռСˣ¸ԭСȥں˿ţСԼңֻôСˮҲҪЮҪȢȲѣȴĿãСʵԸֻô˷ƽϢۣС治ԸޣϷˣǸмС㲻֮
СǵúóѪ龰ֻļܣ°;ȥĸ˵ԸһӲˣҵӣҲ޸㡣
粵ĿȻãĸܿʩҳ˵ϲ裬˸˰֣ںߵĴ㣬񷽼һͷݶסûӭȢլӣͷҲ̣ݲȢȥҲÿһжǨʩҵ˼
ʩϷԭȰƸ£ʣĵʩ飬Ͼʱ䣬֣ҲҲϣÿڱ̲ƢͲʱԽԽӣʽػŪ˺üأδɡ
յÿԺȥҪѰµ֧ЩѬɫѣҲǰлֻǰ˸Źȥ
֪ȥ˰ղŻΪ͵ͥ˼ӱ⣺Ҳū͵ֻǺչڿⷿѬ㣬չרҪһѬ㣬˵԰Ůõ֣Ҳ˵԰Ĺǲ̫ǿⷿĶչﲻţ˵ǷҲõģãδҵչֻȥˡ
ĶҲǹȥģһͻȻȥչȲ衣
ջδԶֱ׷յϸʲô㣬Ҫҡ
ЦЦֻѬõ㣬ģǽ㣬ҼЩ˶ţʶҲһݣ֪ˣҲعĶЩ԰ͷ
һ֪ӣ
ճϿҵݵ΢ԭ졭СӣͷҲǷŵáϷ˺ʹһʶǰգϷ˰ѷ˵ȢС㣬֪һڻؾܡС˺ôѿûתۡ
Цͷף˳ͷĽѰ˼˵֪棬ֺ˱Ťƣ粺ͷڶ
ӸմϷںϷ˵˵ҪⷿСױֵСǡҲڣ˵᷿ﻹʮֳɵǾðģŲСá
Ŵ˻ϸǹҲסҪըŴʲô˼ޣԼޱˣαüױˣ粻Щױô
ռܲ򴽣СҲһƬ⣬ֻίС㣬ܾǴ֮˴Сܿ࣬Ҳ˿
Ź︣˸ǱȥƬ̣˵Ǿ仰ȥ粣̲ţ粶ķͦڴϡ
ԭ˵һеûĻСѩףڴ
Ůⷬ飬ѷյĻͬ˵һ飺񿴲ĸǰ߳ŭűˣЫĳĸ͸ɿװס
粴Ӵ𣺡˵񲻿Ȣ
ɲǡҲֻĸʹžãĺãԭȵżңڷңܶô
𣬶ǽüʱ˼ҲС˼˵ͷЦһɿ˲٣Щȡֱ֮ƭĺͿ档
￴Ů˻粲ϼޣʩϷż޳ȥʩڼңʹӣҴҰˣʱӭʱ͵ҲʧǸ취췹Ҳǲµġ
ֱڿ죬Ʋ߻Ƚð¶ο㲻ڿÿʱ꣬Ҳù
תڿ޷񣺡ǷңЩҲǸ֪µģǷ˵Ҳãһ£ġ
粼ͻȻתڷ磬ϡ治ѣôˣ
߶߶˵һͨź˹˵μҳȰ粣ǲ
ུε˾ӣˡ
ϸϸҲûʲôԹֻʩ˵Ҫ޸粲űëʣҪãӷҾƶ䲻һײ˵Ʋ𣬶ʱ֮ͬУһҲˣô˻Щ۹⣬Ҳǿ
ϣºߵĺܿ죬ȰҲƽͣʩϷ˵ҪŲļױ粣Ҳգȫ䣬г˺񵥡
˳ܿͶˣҵƸҲӭȢʩϷⶨڽĩʱԣЩʱʩɿҲңôĻ£⻹ҪЩʱﱸȻҾõļױϷҲٲٲЩ粣һլӣױ粣׺ȥԺӹҲܲ
ֻǹﲻԸ⣬ҪŲǰЩר˸գھ³ʩϷ꣬ü²ףʱͷҪ£ֵܲڣϡ
ʩϷ㣬ӶʮѮûзӣʩңָʲô۶ӣûѵ˵ǣĲ֪ôźá
ۿС£粵Ļ˳˳ױ̨ǰԼΣζڳ¼ŪżӣЦСȥĿ
ֱǮȷ࣬ÿµǮ治סŰǰںɰϣ׺ȦϵӣǑӶҳֱߡ
ҵһ̾΢ЦǰҪǮŮֺȲ裬Ҫϲ̰죬治סǮʩãȴһ©
ץһͭ¶˪ȥųˣͷȥЩԡ
¶˪СŮϲ죬ְ֣ʱ԰סܰ԰ȥ棬СǳʱвסѰЩʳ졣
£⼸ָԼһÿϲȥѧϿΣȥӡ
⼸նܼѧýϲʱѧһյ裬ϴ˽˵ЩΣװ£鵭Ҳ࣬Щĥ͸˼
ϲĿҵԺ׺Ͷͷ˵˼仰̤Ժţ׷ԭǰϲѧ
ͷһ̤԰ţϧһԣŭȹ
úȲ衣Цúܻ죬԰ϡͣǵһɣҪһᡣ
ҪҪȹ嵽ǰüָı֮£иһƤô
ôˣ𲻽գۣʲôҲûѽ
㻹˵ʲôҲûȫ˶ˣÿ۰Ͱ͵ܵԺ鷿ȥͷ˽ġ
粶ţûе߳ġҵڳôĳ󣬱ЦҺͷףֽϽÿղ˵ô񶾵ˣ
ÿЦ˵˼񶾣Լأ³ǾΪҰŵôǴģϾ޹ܺ粣Ǹɵİɣ
Ц򢿴ᣬϲϯֻϲѧҵ˳Щ鱾⡣
ΪţŭͬСʨӣǹݸҿΪѿΪұЦ
ЩǸ⣺ˣֻǶЩΣҲԭ⣬ֻȲȢ㣬ﰦ̾ѻҶ𣬴ң̲סο䣬һȥ˾Ͷ˵˼䡣
˭˵⣡ŭû⣬ָʲôϵԸȢңҲԸȢ㣬Ǽҡ
ʼһ
ͻȻҧסųỨôôϲҵĶǵĸǴ硣ԭȼֻҺʹ磬ûһ˲ҵģԴʩңֺã˿佱ҵֻ꣬Ҫڣû˿õңֻҪ˵û˵ʲôʲôУʲôҺáǰҿ̣Ҷ˵ҽ㣬üҪáʵͲҽ㡭񡭡ҪҵĶһߡ
һ㶣㲻Ը㲻Ǻô
´һۣòǳԴסϲɣ
ɫ죬ôϲˡҺȻѾףôô֪ߣҪһš
ĬĬһᣬݸ᣺֪㲻ңر֪Ҳʩ֮󡣡
粲ӣͷһŤȥᡣ
Ҫ޸񣿡ظôӦô
Ҫܡ粺㺦ġ
ſڴڣЩƵģøͦõģ޸úܺá
˵޷ϲߣܻ鷳Щ
粣ʱĺܼ㡣һֱҺãҲҵĶ࣬Ҳƫġ
粸ϳ԰ҲҪǷȥǰ˵ЩҪΡ
粲⣺ʲô˼
ǰ߿࣬Ҳɵóһ粣޸񣿡
Щ¶һֱȰҼô˵ڶˣֻȴؼҲٰ졣
ס˼תǧأǰȴûϵԼŮЭԸˣæסԼŮ粣ǲϲ񣿡
΢죬ƲƲ죬ҡͷҲϲֻҲǸˡ
ڻعһȰȰȰӦ£Ҳ粵ҲȰˣ£ԼŮͽ׮ͷȥˡ
һ˲סҲ
֮Ϻ͹һʩϷǰ˵˵ȴĻ¡
ϻʩϷ˵Ȣ֮£ԭǵıڲƭŮϲ˵ǡһ׮£мҽĹٻ˼ңзεĺԺگǱãʫ飬Ȣޡ
˰ӵĻ񣬼ףᶼˣǼڽլزдʩϷȥ飬ȷʵյ˼ҡ
ʩϷ˵ȻЩĶֻͷЩԥ
Ŵ£ַ˷˴СӣзһһʶдʵЦۣõĻ£Ը⡣
Ըޣ
ĸһֱҵôЦʵڸ̫鷳
֪Լ˺ܶ£˵˺ܶʱƢˣʱѳΪʱԹĸȴδ˵Ұ֣ĸ˵ȴһձһܡ
΢΢һЦԼָ⣺˵ĵ׻ʩҰ׳԰׺ôЩ꣬ƭ˴ңҲĸ۰ֵüＦȮöˡͷ֪жΣĸԭ͸ýҴ򷢵ԶԶģϳȥһĸϥĸɻңÿÿֻԴҡﶼˣһʲôʩء˵ĸұ˰࿴£Ǽ޵ýδٻĸʹ磬ͷҲΪ顭ܼ޳ȥͷҲɿ࡭
ԸƺЩĪȴʩϷĵĴ㣬Ѱصĺ˼ˣЩױԶԶģȻӭж⡣
ʩϷԥȴͷãϵЦݣԽߣŲӷȥʩϷ˿⸱ģҺ粶䣬ĸҲÿο˰ɡ
ȻͷʩϷͷҲ΢ɿ죬ţ̸Ȼϲ˻ؽ괫ϢգǼ˼һר˼ĹܼҺĴͷ𣬶ʮ⡣
ߵĲͼ޵ͷȥ̽ݣʩϷȥ꣬ЦҲϲˮ·ЩΣߺ·Ҳ;ɿЩ羰
ϲ¼Щױ粣·ҲЩʶʩϷ˸һƱʲôױư֮ʵڣسţ¶˪ͱ¶ϣŸзҵˣһҲǲ٣ƺƵ¡
ӶNNسʩ
ϣֵĴŶЪϢʩҵţǰͷȴסˬЦɣȥĶأ


57 
֮ǿԷ˵·ţҪȥ
ɫ磬֪Ļ˼żһҪùɻ
ԷҾЦԭǿҴɣȥ˽ݡ
ԷŶһꣿϸҪȥôô
ϷڼУǶС
׼ңҲٲóкԷϣ񣺡׼̫̫
ԷʣҪȥôβʹдǸЩ
Ůϡˡзҵĸ֣Ҳ٣
СڴϷΣʶȥҲЦҲԶ߸ձ㵽ֺã߱;ҲǺõġ
Էͷ񻬹λװͳһȼס֣΢ЦǡҲҪһˣ׼̫̫һһ̡
Ҳá
Ҳἰ껹ݣҪȥסãԷ٣ȴЩ߶׼̫̫ȻҪţٲҪһӣҲͲǡ
ԽˣҪػۡЦҲȥãձء
ڳڣͷ˵ӣԷżɽҲݣ½ܵĸ⣬зȢ׼ĸ˳ţʶȥһǺãͳףǲã㡣Բ̫ţôҲδἰ
Է˸䣬ʻض΢Цһ²Żϲ£֪ô
ĸ֮ý֮ԡ΢΢һЦȴٸͰɡ
Էף֪ǽļ˼ĸЦ֣˼
硣Ļܺ˵仰ô
ɡ
ͣסԼͿԷߵһ£ԷؾͷλҲ٣δĶôϲֿǸҪ˵ģ
ԼʵȥôӶĵһ·ȥ𣿻һסóȥ
ԷأǰգżȻϵļҶ˵˫ϲšСҪô
ͻȻֳѩױݣЦ£ܾò㣬֪չĿɻãҪҲû˵һпգҴ仰ףճɾ
ԷĥĥЦС֪ģʩģ
ҴҲ֪ôһЦһָͷֲܹһ𣬻ء
ԷüͷȥڣҼ룬ҺԲ԰˵㱾棬ȴƵǰʱ԰ﻹΧĻǴһȦôأҷ·ͨпǳԲȾƵ᷿
ĥҲ˼ȥ·ģԺͳһ˵˵׮Ȥš
ԷɫΣ
ֱ΢ЦҺϲ㣬Ȼʲô˼ôõӣβһŽأ
Էͷʩ֪ԼҺԺŻ𣬻ӻ࣬Ҫҿ
ĺܺѽЦһһ裬ɰҼֵüɹ
ֻǰŲ¸󡣡ԷЦϱͼɹġ
ҪҡգۣԼҺԺҲٲһѻ𣬸Ӽɹɡ
Էʼ򣺡ףСһ·˳磬һ˫ãúϡ
Էͬʩһ·ڲͣסĿͳԶȥɵ̾һãҲв
տɵ֣ҪһգҪڳɿֱӳ˴÷㣬ֻ·ǹ޲ٵﲻ;վˣ·ȴȤЩ
ĳƿרע;ɫ
²֪ԼС㿴Щʲô죺ʲôÿѽС㶼һ·ˣġ·ġŵ¿ġ
ڸﾮ׹죬ͷȻÿָŲԶ㿴ǸͷĸˣװŻֽͲӣһֽͲһǮҲǵÿǰȥֻۣЩ麵̵ģ̸ҪҰҹĽС̣߰˸ֽͲȥ
ָָԶиѵİţһ·ר㳵Ů˵ȤƣвˮʳţҲǲõһʳ˼ңҲ١ľ棬һŮӣƾһҲ׬ӣЩ˲
˳ĿȥӣЩǺܳѽˣֻǶСӸˡ
ͷ£ĬΣСʱס֣ס˽ӣٺסʩƴΪﰲõ˽СԺٽʩԶо
һ·УҹҲڿջס꣬зҵĹܼȸϻؽȥϲֻĸڣĸֿйأҲ˵طִ磬ʱһ˵и˵𣺡ҵլڽɺŵͲһլӣʱҲǵ˼ҵĸۡһ£õġ
ЦüҲ൱ɡ
ǱҲһЦǧԵһǣѵԵ֡
𾲾˵죬ԼӶţǱ߽ŵչ˻ӣ͵˽꣬ʲôţҲͷȥճɻ鼴ɡ
죬Ǽ֣ºֻŴҼСôܵȼһء
ֺͱˡϻһۣڨЦūͲ֪ˣæµӦǻɡ
ֵҼСһ꣬ȥмϹߣѣҲЩزӸϷˡ
ȻҪġ
סڿջ´ˮϴЩëëġ
ôˣ
Ǽֻ֣լӶã˶٣ԴöǼȣôҶʲôˣɹʲôءµֻ֪һ䣬ʲôҲá
𣺡Сģ
˶ģĸûȥĸǰԼ䣬ôҰѹأʲôġʰԼңɵݸһЦвòӣûûûȢףڱؿĽң۰ͰȢףҪôϾûˣȥҪôɹڽã߲ϲͼҴͨԶغˡ
µۡһ
һۣҸһҳޣӦǹȥ澣ʲôΣҪѡһûܡ
С㡭ˡôܼޡɫ԰ס
ΪʲôҪޣ㲻֪ôЦô׵Ļ£ĸͶҽҴ򷢳ˣ㿴ô
ҴѾͷģ¶˪ֻͼޣպҪؽġѹûңѣΣָǰͷĸ檣ǸҪ֮ˣ޹ȥҲܺù
ԡ΢Цһӳȥɡ
˽꣬ȻиʱԢסգзٹӭȢˡѾͷһϻΣǻߺԡӭϲ޵㡣ű£ҪҰݸã˶¶˪⣬ϲ´Ůѣϲ¶˪һȥĸ˵Ҷˡ
ﶪˣﶨȻһţ϶Ҫߣ˳òЩؽȥĸҲиз磬йδظţȻȥңۣҲҪץзҧһڡЩ¶ֳϻڹȥӰƽﲻô°¶Ȼʩ㣬ҲȻ
һˣʩϷǴΪˣʩôȥ֣ʩϷ˶Ȼڹ췭ظҲ޹ء
ؽץ뷨Ӱڡǲߣͷ㣬һߣҸط
Ŀɿڴ𣿡
ҲҪؽһ飬ʩ֪ôֵ췭ظ
⼸ңпܵһáűµ֣£ϴأԺĺܺá
С㡭ȻҪӡھӰ¶ʣαصȵӭףĿ֮¡
ĸԽˡ̾ϻôѪҲðЩ
ʣ·ϣ¶Ƕ֣Ŵ˵
ڣɿڲ̵죬Ѵ˵Сգиµ˹ʻһƽ崬
Сң·ȥɣڲȴõɾ
ƽ˾һˮϴ̣չণͷ̵ܼ«έ
һι򽭶ɿڣҹʱ֣˵ХУξޡ
̾żҲʩЦͼϵ庹ˮ㽻֯һʲôĻˮݴŨ裬һʼ͸롣
¶ʰӣһڣζϤϾüζҸ𣺡ӼĲ裿ǰô
ûаǴĲ衣
ͷȻһ£ͷеĲյϸ͸İյʵѡ
ֻظô壬ʻƽǰʻȥ
¿ɫףŴһԽڣС㣬ôˣ
ɫ磬ҹڿջǹٵڣۼɵһСһգվͽ˽ǡ
ҹǶű˯ģҹʱ֣ҡѱ££
۾ôˣ
һصѣͷɹ٣ҪҪһߣ
ɻô²ʡ
ˡɫ԰ףδǿȥ֮أ㲻ߣԼˡ
һµӴѣҸСһ顣
ջţſڹ̨ſŴ˯ĵСһյ͵ΣͶ޵Ĺ͡
ҹи·ĳڹٵ߹ɫܿٵϲʱĺӰ
űµ֣ų˿ջţڹٵߵӲǰߡ
С㡭ǵҪȥĶЩ£Ʊġº¡
ҳһ·ҧҰȥɡ
ͻȻ͵٣أͷƤһ飬űǰȥ
¹£סǣǰһˣǰľŮӡ
ʩɫ䣬ЦȴȻᣬͷĻ̾һáûʧ
һ磬ʰ׵ӷǰӣˢһ°͸ʩ̧ͷһۣ˦˦ӣɫģɣһϳɣؽ


58 
½СȣԣС㣬ŶɿȥˣǡҪؽˡ
ڣ˫ְָԼϥͷĿԼָϡ
ʮָУǰ÷ɻ֭Ⱦָ̺죬ָ׸İ΢ۣһ˫ۡĿ֡
ؾͻذɡ
ˣʲô˵ġ
ҹİĵؽ磬谵ҹɫ£ʩƶֳȵĽŲҹз֮վǰ봹ĵƽʣôˣ
ҹôҰҰͶİӰ絶̣ӲʯᴭһҲĸһŻ£Ҫ޵ȥ
ʩǸ֪ߵغηģġŶһֿһɪɪı£ͷáеޣ˾ͼˣҹĴű³ʲôϴô죿
ҲޣԳûűܡۣǣǣԼճſݲݵȹ̧ͷԵڴˣ
谵ǹ¼һ㿡ݵ˫ǹ㣬ҹɫµĺˮһ㲨ºͷҲͬһƽЩ£·˵ء
΢΢ͷ˵㣬ҹղ˵
ȻԸޣҡüۣǵø߰ɡ
żǰȥǣʩޣǰŤͷס𣺡ô
һòԸ⣿
ƫʩһֱֱۣĿǰҹƣɫڵµĹٵûҹľݷޣĳ
бӷй޲֫ͷһű΢΢˻Ρ
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˿ѩһʻȥķҲǽ⣺ȥɻô
飬Ŵءؽ
ͱһҹδߣѾס˯ˣʩۣ߿ȥͬ˵
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ʩҲ̫棬ϺȲģس࣬Ǻɿȥ˹ӹݱϼ·ʱڽͣһգ˳½꣬æµҲС
عβؼУͻȻҪ½ꣿ
ȥ꣬ʩ΢Ц
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ʩ˿壺ǸҳҲʹ͵һ˵ĸүҲáһۣϵѪϴ⣬ΪԼˡ
֪Ǹĺģͷ˿ڲ裬Ȱ
һ·﷫ֱϾǶطԷɢĿмʱ
˲໰̬Ҳ壬żҲ΢ЩЦ⣬˿ŵͦǫ͵һãֻбľսֳʲôֱزܳ͡
գּްǸ죬ɵģӾѣǰϸϸССɽˮ֮⣬ˮǣ;ĴֻһһƬƬĭ㵹Ӱ
ʩȲ裬˾ͷĲڣ洰ƿҸߣƾҺܣ˵۴öƮ
ڴߣֱֻۻڴ⣬ӭ洵΢ȵĽ磬衣
˶ϣͭɫС¯ϣˮС
ʩĿӲ¯Ųϣ´һۣŤͷȥͷ΢΢ü֧ǡ
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ʩڼңºͶ˷ӣҲһǰź彻һţôͽڳ⸱ģ⡭⡭
ʩȷԸ Сһ·۳Ͷ٣㲣ȰѶСͻ԰١ŤͷʩϷˣĸȥ˵
ͷʩϷ˸˸ͱ¡¶˪԰ȥ˵ĿӰȥ޿˵ߣʩģ磬֪ĸʲôжȻʲôᡭ
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ԣŵۿʩʮ㣬۷綼δɨϣұ⣬ֲļͷģֻضߴޡ
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ʩϷЩˣʩ˳ʩϵĻңɫȻʲôȻѼЩҳҵӡ
ʩҼҲûʩϷ˷á
ĸ롪ԲһۻգԲɣϷ˽ݡ
ͥ˲裬ʩϷձ̺ף粶λӣϹڴն˺üգðǣ仰˵ʩֲ˶ʶǸǴִֽţӳˤˤȥʱԴڵϣʹúðջδȻҲ˲ʩϷ飬޿ڵϡ
Ǳ˺зĸֱֱֶڵϣˮˮ
ʩʩϷ࣬иɫȻԸˣͰˮϴѡ
һˮڼϣ͸ķΣʩʣһ˵¾ô£
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зҼҲдլӣҸǽˣʶȢŮӣҵףլӼţλںδ˵
ϸԩǼʩϷ˷£ʶǣߴţѱϷ˵зҵĵϸﶼ˲һＸŶ´£ҲҪΪ粻´㣬ˣʶϷ֮ޡ
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ҲһԲϹģ飬òǱԩǱ˺ͼֶأֱʩҰ裬°̣Ҫȥٸ״
˵ʵ飬ҾͰǴڴ˴Ҫ٣Ҳûųȥʩۣ°ͣĸǻһ֣Ϸȥ
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Ǳ˰ӣҲ̲סзĻ񡢲ӵǹܼҸҵģҲҽ˵ģҰ˰ӣ˵ǺگأҪȢһ¸ϲָҪŮӣԽԽãҸƱı£϶С޳ȥ
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ϼֽ˸£ǡ
ƣû붼Ǽٵġʩ̾Ըˣȥ϶ʮޣٿﻹкλ˵
߶ָ̧֣ɫĹҲҡǹ⣬粣Ҫãҵ˵£˵ȥϷǰһ˵Ϸ˾Ӧˡ
˵ʲôڴԼѱŵģкθϵ
֤סϣɫɷվĸ׵С£ˮ͵͵ĸ˵ĵ˵˵ϣպҲлͣĸ׷ġ
˵Ҳæô£ʲôô
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ԲɽʩϷ˷ϣһȥʩϷ˲תѣʩǰ̾һ
ʩĸתѣĸ
˼岻ãܲô̼ͺúЪŰɣ¶Ҵ
ʩϷס֣㡭
ʩɫ嵭ĸ֪⣬ġ


59 
ʩϷ᣺ͿСһ𳤴á
ÿͨ飬οҺͶúѪסʩĸ˵񲻺ϣ˳Цĸĵ֪Ща취ǲԸ⡭ĸǾúҲ䣬ǲԸպЩ鷳԰ü޳ȥһݡ
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ʩϷҲޣ⺢ôôءβĸĿģҲܺã޸÷ȢźףʩߴߣֵĹȥαظü⼦ɹָָ˵ġÿ˶װףˣһ࣬ʲôǽ£ĸϸʹ顭
ԣʩʩϷһ˥ݣڣĸȻûдҲûдĸԸȫҲǿ󣬹ҾʹŶԶ磬Դ˲ٻ˶⣬ʩװף˭Ҳ˵ð֡
ʩϷЩҪʹȥˡﾡǹ¶ĸĸôСܵܲ꣬ô졭ҵô졭
ҵҪܣҵİģʩԺҲ̫ʩЦҪߣТĸ͵û˰ɡ
ʩϷ絶ʣĨᣬӡҪĸô졭
ʩϷ˼ǰҧͷҡȥ֣ĸպһĳիҲˡ
ʩסŲվ˰ΣŻʩϷ˹һݣлĸ
ĸڼҾһнɡ
ʩϷһʵСڵᣬʩȻţԻ齼䡣
˱ͶŲţʩӺͷͷϰ£ʩϷ˻ʣҲ̽һż˺ͼڵϰ󱳱޺ۣϼۻţĿ˸һԲ
ʩֻ˵ĸѣûʲô󰭡
˿˵ͷŤҪߣֱʩסñߣһ
ݸ棬ԸϺͣ˺ͼֵĿڹǩֻѺ֮󣬰⼸ָϻؽ꣬ڡ
תǱˣз˰Ʊ˰³Ҽ
˱޳ȥһ㶣Ҫ⣬æͷȻȻֻС˷ŹƱڽ꣬ͻȥӡ
ӵ֣ȻŹʩһЦ̫Զ˻ڽ뷨ӣȻѺٸȥҪѸࡣ
зӡзӡɪɪȥ
ˣֵϣʩȻǰһԹͶҼңסҲЩͷ⼸סʩң£Ҳö˵ʲôȥʰңźӻعȥա
Ϻͷǻţʩģ飬Ӫڣ޵ӶˣҪĸӼ˸ϵδȥҲֻһʱϣպҲˣںʩҰµķϣͷŹҡ
Ҳһ棬ǸߣĸֻһʱͿ£ԺҲˣͷСܵܣС̫ܵСˣ翴ǰɡ
ʩ֣⼸ϵãȴϵã˵棬ʩݲǣҲʰߡ
תȥѶ꣬ң㲻ʩˣó޺ﻹǻҶհɡĸ岻ãõֻģȰѺԺ˱ԿݽרĳﱸõĻҪ
粲һվ磬ƾʲô㲻޹ġ
ʴҾʲôҪҡȭŭЩٳּ£ڷϷˣһģЩ˶ղѪˣ֤ݶûе£ҪҸϳȥ
ʲôԼĵûô
˵ֲãҲҪ֤óˡ
֤ݣʩǰˣģҵҷ˻Ҫ֤ݣ
Цб˽Ҫ֤ݣʩҵҪ֤ݣ˽̵ⷿҲҪ֤ݣҰЩ֤ݶ͵ǰǴȥٸҪΣ
ͷð麹򴽲粼Լĸɫţ˵ѽ
˲ϺͷɫҰףȦ粻ãһԴ۲һָҧţƫģվü˳
һֱڼ룿㣬粡ʩ粶˵仰Լǳ飬Ҫֱô
һ˵ʱסɫĹŹ֣߬Ȧϣ룬̣Ҳҧͷ
ʩˣ̧ۿһۣһڲ裺Ҳд˵ڼҸÿڽǣĸģҷ԰㣬ú÷˼ʲô֪ˣǰϸɳš
֪ˡ
ʩͷҲؾߣ۽вȾյϣǰʧǵĸŮָǰ飬ʹ
ȥﴦЩ˲Կ׶սߣҲǲǰԺȥɫڳ䣬һͷڵϡ
粼ĸˣҡŹļ򣺡㵹˵仰ѽ˵ЩǼ٣ǲƽȥ
Ǳߣȥӣϴߴʰ˵ˣ⼸ʰҵȼ͹ͳȥռŲߣֻܺȥˡ
һٴĥȶ棬ֶԺŮ¶֪Ķӣֻңڲִߴٵýֻóʰҡ
澼͵óЩһ˹ȥַԸˣֻЯճϸʩҵĶЩﲻɴߡ
ֺޣҧⶼɷµļҵζʩҵģ
ǲܣ˲ڣ⻰˵壬ūֻķԸ
ɿһ²ŵù飬ʩ飬ǰĸӼ˱Ͼ·һ§ŷһ§СʹޣССҪȥĶס
ȥϷˡҡĸ׵ӣ棬ȥҴ㣬޴ȥҲͷ
ԣתһ룬޵ӣܷյʱк浽ǰȥʱǽ첻Ӧеصز顣
ȥҴ㡣ô棬ȥ㣬ֻжܾǡ
ʩϷʩҪˣҪʣ֧֧ᣬҪͷһʱɽһʱ𺣣˼ҩ˯¡
ʩĸЪԸ˲ʩϷǰѧֻ࣬ʩϷ˾ԭǰԺ鷿ȥЪȴȥ˼԰ռɫƣҲǾüͷȥˮ
֪˹ϣǰ£ʩĲɣţһӣҼǵǰ˵һĻմСһ𳤴Ĳϸȫ齻仰󣬳ʲô£ǵô
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ʩһۣЦ⣬ּǺ᣺㵹Ǹˡ
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ʩͷһְѼ˶˱飬ٲĸԺ䶼Щ£Ҳɴ⣬ٲҲҪЩأ·Щ֡
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ʩ⣺ҲáǾͰʰסҡ
ڹﴦȡ˱ԿףԷ˷ЩͷѰʩ⣬һ·Ѱ˼԰
ʩԡһյ裬˽˼ҪѺԺһⷿ԰ЩǴÿӽɢ£Ҳߣ֦֦ڽڶп֮ϼңʩúһ
ʩôһ˵ɢҡ֣⣬Ҫ׼򵥸ɾĹֻȷŷţպƽʱһС
֮⣬˼Ժ黹ҪתȥҪˣдĦȴҲƣǾ˼ȷš
һԷ裬˻Ų̣ʩʣʲô˻Ų̣
ûûʲô
ʩûȥɡˣȥҿǺʱߣ֮ǰȥϷ˿ĸͷ
վŸϳţδ̫飬ȴֲ˵ڣͷӦǡ
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ԴӼ԰ȥ԰Ҳṳ̂ҡ
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ɸֵķ磬ƺɫζ΢ɬ
ĸ׾Ͳý԰
԰ʩң԰أ
ٻʩվڴǰӰѺĺɫΪһ壬Կɼɽ㵹ķˣһʱסĬĬ

ţ
ޣһֱڿ޺ˡģ˻ƾ䡭
գٲ߾ͿָϳȥʲôҲǴߡ
ǡŲӣ룬ū澰Ҷ԰ȥ
ȥġ鶼йϵҲýգú÷ʡ
յͷǡ
Ħ͸ʩ˼ͷ㷲
ͼޣʩλˣɺϻͨ籨ţϷǰŭ˲ö棬δ̫ĺЩϾûʲôǶ԰Ǹʲô˼أͷȥҲǵͷϲģʩ˸ң䵭ô
Ϻ͹³Ҷһʡ
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ʩͷ
ս̵ϣG¯ʩ£ûнźµѹֱۣҲɵ˼Ʈ
ʩĥĥ˼üʣô
һüйӷζɫƣͷţûʲôֻǼͷܸˡ
ǻؽǻؼ԰
ӣʩ΢ЦҵһƬ⣬Ȼס
ۿ΢̣⣬ô


60 
ʩ⼸꣬ϤķңѼ԰úܺãҲྴ㡣Ҫӣúлл㡣
ҪһôգҪʲô
̧ۿտݣǴЦ̣յҡұֻһӸڴߡ
ô˱أϸգҪʲô˵ϵҲ뷨Ӱժ
չ̣ᴹͷ
ȥɡú룬ᣬ˵ȻҾˡ
Ҫĺܼ򵥣ߣþá
ʩ˵Ҫ㣬İ԰˳Ҳ˽ȥϣһʳɳͽȥ
Ϊʩٻ԰ƣʩѹû԰ţҲûдڴ˻糣˵֪һžͻȻ䵭
͵ɫãС㵹ɫһ糣
޿֣󳳴һ磬ƽ͵ʱ
ֻ粺ϲ˻ֳЩ˶ҪѰʩ
ϲҪȥ԰ԼĽ㣬粲޹Ҫʩ˵ʩһͳš
Էʩ·߲һ衣
ԷԼлװò̲ͷȴЩֻʩãй
˵Ҳ˵ȴԡ
ʩĳ֮⣬˿ȶԿʹٶ˵仰Ҳ١
³Էסĥһ඼ûм棬ԷҲǲ̫⣬תһʩһ壬ƺһʩҺͶ£Ҳ֪˵ģ
ʩҡͷŲңֵܿδؿżһʱúͶҲҪá
ܵԷ̾Сסңﻰ˵ǱΪ飬һ⻰ǲҵİѱСǺҺ޵ҧʩңҲǲȥˡ
ʩʩֵֶΣҲǼЩŮӻϲģ֪ͽ궼µĶϣǡ
ŮӻϲһԲ˳ɢԼ£ӣδҲ̫ˡ
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ʩʮָ棬ǰɫĲˮƺг񣬵ֻҪסˣлᡣ
δʮĿֻžİ
ԷüۼԼ˵Ǿ仰вһƣһŤתʮɵľƺԷ
иĹۣʩвʩҶС״ʩ棬ʩһ͵ġ
ҪרĽⳡٳϣǸʲôģ
ʩӦ꣬Ƭ̾ߣԷסңôҼմף㵽Ҫδãеϱڻ̥ĪҼҡ
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ɿڣʩҲӦ꣬ոһںȥϷԺϷȾơ
ûԲһõĴŮӣδ⣬Ůȴֹסס
۷ɨ΢΢Щ죬ϳǰѴһǻޣҲת˲ͰԺ
òȻ죬ʱôе
ҲûҪ⣬ѵָҲ
ƲǹӳԵɢϯմľٻʩң˷
ϲ¿ΣԼȥĸСá
ʩղŻģһŻûüδ
Ȼ飬Ҳ֪ҪߵóԶٸһŻұܲȥŵķ
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Ҳܴر¸ֳһ׮¡
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곤һ㣬ǰסʹãʹã̧ĳˡ
һˡ
粵Ļ¶ھĩⲻ̶ЩʱգʩͷҲ֪ǸʲôζʩԺֵ÷ƮҡҲ֪Լǽһơ
ҪؼȥôʩոյңвÿգյȥЯȥ󸮰ݼϷˡ
޵ĺᣬխʩŰݷãֻõҴĸ׺Ϸá
ʩȻлҪ˵һʱҲȥ˽Ժ԰
精ڼ԰ڵʩȵĲ鷳ʱ򣬼ʩŻҶվԹ˾䣺ôڲŻҵþˡ
ȻʩԻһˣһ˲ʱȾһ˿죬졣
ͷżм棬˴ǰϤէȻһ𣬳δķȥܰ죬˾Ļʵ˵ϼ䡣
ƫƫֺܳʱԱߣ͵ۿһŸҲ
ЩϵѰ²ɣǸɾ࣬Ȼϸٹġ治ƢҲãҪǣߣﲻôܣϾѡѽ
精ڻҽһֱֻ꣬Ҫһ˿𻨣ըǻ𻨣ǹﰵϵһһԹǼ˿佱һ仰ʩȶЦ⡣
ô꣬ӲùԭȼֻдʱΨһŮҶϲرǵԴϸЦתͶǳʱһжˡ
ʩͷЬŵ棬ЩСŮ̬ŷЦƤֽݣ÷Цˡ
ָ粣⸱ģݣһ֣˵ˡ
Ҳ䴽ǣ񣺡С㡣
ЩڨڨģҲ΢΢˸ꡣ
˽˲˵ʩ粺ͷúֻ֣һ磬̸
ʩ˵һ£ʩҽףʩֹңȻҪ߶߶ʩϷ⼸ֲѣʶʩ뷽Ϸ˴ŷСãʩ˵
֮⣬Ҳ뷽ҷʩСסգ֣˳լӣʩϷΪլʩҲԶԺý㷽ԻѧͷҲ໥иӦ
ɻ֮󣬷񲻱ʩҵϯ»֮⣬ҲҪЩʱ׼ԣύͬʦ
ʩ˵ⷬͷҲףʩǽСˣ㲻ʩҵĶݣҲǺʩҰΪһ塣
ǲõ¸ǱĪĲˮʩĸ˷ŵģΪ֮
ǱʩĴ㣬ͷҲ΢΢οҲ˴룬ô㣬һţǱ߲һźСӣҲԲ˿
δһۣ˵ֺǲ֪Сʲôԣ˵ʮ꣬ﾡЩõģҪҲѵġ
һϯ̸꣬ʩͷţֻ˼԰΢粻˵


61 
ûڳʩɫ粣Ǽ˶ô
ʲʲôˣ
ʲôˣʩú¸ƷõǼˡ
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պ˵һ仰ˣһʩָߵ棬顭պ˭Ҳᡣ
ҲҪЩպģĴ˭ҲȲ㡣
ҵĴȫҵĴôʩѴȫƵϣ죬ҲǱ˺ġ
Ĺĵģָ
뺦㣬ȥˣʩüǣԼH£˴ţί
¸û˴ȥ׷Ϳһʣ˵ȫʩ˿˷ﻹЩŤڣ˼ȥʩ԰ǺҺͷˣ˭
ʩӲյ̧ͷһۡ
˼ˣȴܲͷ֮ǰƺ㰵ӿȥ֮ǰͷ˵˼仰ͷвãȥͷദ㲻Ҳܿɢȥ
²ˡʩͷĥպҵԶЩҲЩ
ڨڨģǸܷܲŹ
ǿڷķϣҸð㵽աʩɫͿͣԼȥҡ
ʩ˵ĲһӶʩ˵Ķľˡ
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粲ʩֻȥʩϷˣȴû뵽ݳ˸Ÿ
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ʩϷԲɸڶΣԲ֧֧᲻˵ֻ˵ͷ徻
徻ŶСؼյļɹ󣬸ڸ˶սսһ˹ŵʩŭʩҺܶûô
ǱֻߺҪˣ԰С㣬ͼ˶Ϣġ
񴦾ν췭ظֻʣӷ̣ⷿʱһЩȱĽЩǹﰵرתãЩҲ֪ʩ˴ЩҲùԼ
ôˣǸͯһĳҵ޼ɵЩ
Ҫ飬ȴʩ涼ϣҲͷɥ
ָʩߣÿʩҽʩȥ˵ȴվ˺ðգѰչ˵ǰĿյͨһ˵չ鲻ʵڲУ¡ȥǰԺҴ
˫ϸüһԿ̱ƵŤһ¡
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ȥ꣬ϲġ
ӼңϲиչˣԲѳİ·Լѱϲ
ϲǽʯͷŽŲŰϴӣǽ˵ڰ׷ۺҺ㰡
⺢Ĺɡ
ȥ꣬Ǹ¶ͯһһȥĸ׵չˣԽİɬ
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įģͷҲ΢΢סĺϲ̫ˣЦʣģô鷿飬ˡ
ҪˡϲüЩˣûˣһҲ飬Ҳû˵ֻҽ档
ֻ۰Ͱ͸ǽ˵
Ҳĳ棬ֻϲһ˹⣬ҲҶæأһʱ㡣û͵չˣûкú÷Էޣ
ϲͷ⼸գƶˣֻңȤҲ˵
ֲģģϲתˣҪഩѣٳ䡣ÿջǼǵҪд飬Լˣˮȥ
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ʩ˵Ҫϴɳ԰š
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ֻһˣǼݣֱˬʱ˵仰ճǣ̧ӣ˵֡
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ѧȥңǽ壬ĸڴɫ㲣§СһԴᣬδһ
޿˵ǰֻͷƤ飬亹ʩҼʩȸʩ
ʩϿңҲܵǲ׷Ǹ٣֪Ҳûá
ѧߺҲ飬ֻʵЩݣʩѵǡ
ȻͰĸ˴ߣʹ˺ȥЦ
ѧǴĸ˻ؿסɻؼ㣬ȥ¸ŮŲ
ѧûзӣٻԼңӣԭԭ˵ˣԼ᣺̯˵ĵһʲôϣˡ
ڿҵ⣬Ҳãɫ˳һɫ廨ȹȵʱ֪˶١ѧܣȥ˵ǽӵۼСסգȥȰĸĹ
ͷԸΨڹǰһأȥɫ᣺ȥȰȰ
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62 
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ʧһ˼÷ȥͷ޼ӸĸסĸҲĪ飬Ѷʰʰԭԭʩңȵ١
ҧĸ׻Ǻúñ壬ܵûСֲǸ׵ģ˵䲻ġȥˣܵô죬ָǲɵġ
ϽƵһͷȫյľ˳ŮĻԶԣޡ
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ҲȫȫβĻˣ׻ڴʩҵ£ǺúøͶϸôŹǺòðɡҺĸ޷ĳȥҪζգҲСܵСһֱﳤûгԹͷ
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ÿ޿§ԼϣͷҲǷܣкȥ
ˣһۣΪģҲá
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԰ط·Դشȣ̣ͥ¶˪ڶ壬һԹսͷǾȡ
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ȻȰοӣٲЩĿ˺ӣ»ԼΪء
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⻰˼ɫҲƽҲʲô¡Щеûģ
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磬֫ҪϹһסΨӣæЩʵͽûϵġǧ򲻱𡭡Ҳֹ治ˡ
ⰲοʵ˵Ʈֵزǰʵڱѹ̧ͷ
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͵ѧο˼䣬ƳԺݱ¼վһˣڣֶ档
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ͱ򸾣ת԰
ʩϷǱߣҲȥ̽һأʩϷ˰׷Բԣ㲣ʩʢͷҲܡ
ʩϷ˿ͦŶĨҲǲ̣իˣնһֻ۱һֻۣĲҲֶܣʩҪҸߣͷþõĶһ
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ŶˡϲͳڽŰŻݸ㣬ҺȥǰԺⷿ棬ƯΣеء˵棬ӦҲϲ͸㡣
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ҹʩٻؼ԰Ϣźʩ£һ˫ͣ䡣
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Щסˡ
ʳеӣӿڵϲ⼸ˣ˵ҹܷ磬Ϸ˻
һȻᵽɤɫףʲô
Ҳֻ֪ڳͷȥ˵ѾŲԺȥ⼸նԺסҲʯҡ
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ߵһʵûʲôġ
ΪԼµ԰ĬĬһꡢ꣬ܶꡣ
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𾲾Ƭ̣߳ӣŵ˵ƽҪʩ
ŵ˵ȵľ仰æȥͨĻ˵С˵ˡСҪ֪ȥĶҡ
Ȼ֪ȥĶҡ


63 
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ϸɡβĳ죬Сƣ˺òã
߬ڻУԼϣ̾ɫįɲԶҺһЩء
Ӻ֮ǰװáǵôЩǰµǸϣҶһΪĸ飬ôҹֻһˣĺһһδԣиС˶Բۺ涢棬̲סһڣȻһ˰룬ŴίͰ͵ĿңΪһֱͷúЦأԹ棬ӻͳֻƳγεȣͳȿһһݵңԵĳӣǳˣͻᱣǡӳˣһüͷȾĻƻƵָݵǰ˵һţζ㿪һ㡭
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һܺã۸ȵĺӣõĶһڽһլӣլһۣһϲ
СơҺһ㣬뿪Һòãһᷢġͷ֣Ǽĥǵúһ㡣
˵ʲôأ
áۿӯˮĵͷ
һֵþƣߣ˵֣ҲŲס롣
ʱǱͷ϶˵ѣһŵͷۣպʩ˵
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ǡ֪ˡ
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£ʩ鷿谵δƵƣͷʷ·һ㡣
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һŲʹƵ˫ü䡣
ʩסۣ
ģӡôô˵仰Ҳô


64 
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΢ƣҲģǴǰǻͷķܣд˿޵ͽġ
ʩӴϱ𣺡԰ҿûС
¼˴ӻתֱۣδͷƤ顣
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Ҳֻɢ˼ѩ£ԼѴãüõĽ³ĵÿխȣת˹忡ֶģߣЩ
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ͭҲͶȥһƳһǡײһ˵ⶼˡ
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֪ҲǺһʱһʱǺʹйأȥԺźЩɫǰƵģֽⷬ˼԰չЩ£鶼ӯ
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ʩֿʼԺ԰ۣºͺô
ӦЩãô
ʩȥҩ̣Դڣ˽Һ˼䡣
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ʩϷ˿ǰŮҲס줚[̾һԼģȷҲ˼֡
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ǳһԲжЩΣôȫзҲڣջȥʩϷкô˿ϲ
ҹҪȥǮͳѰ˼·ȥʩʩϷ˵淢Сջźϲһ˯Ҳˣڼס°ɡ
˶٣ҪҲá
ϴ֣˵ͷյл
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Ϻ͹Ҳȸ죬ֻΪʩϷ˸ˣƫָŭԣʩʹʲôֶ
ûӾҪޣҪæ黹ܶ࣬ɨأʩϷ˲壬ûкʵˣһʩȽմ죬һƼҳɺͳ
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ϽӹսһӦ˲Կ׶
ʩЦ⡣
ٷ
տЩˣߡ


65 
ǰø߸ߵϢĿͥվŮȸһ
һƺ̫죬ƺԤıá
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ɫԥ򴽣𳤣ЩᵽǰĸͷԹҵġ
ĸ٣ʱҲ꣬Щ帣ÿպŪ͹Щ»Ī˼ҡΪ⣬֪ĸӦϵġ
ʩϷͷǧ˼ѵŻ꣬¶ӣϷ˵ֻ裬ʵûзӵ飬ֻ̾һʩȥ֡
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ۣĬĬһ˵ĻͷӹݹĿͷϸ
˶ǴˣӶȣҲ˳Ӧʱ󲻹ʵ˳˳ˮ˼ңܽ̽ЩʵЩˡ
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ʩޱߣۿĴƯƣ⸱ģҲһμһֱĬĬš
ഺٰ˵Ǽɫ⻹ǱĬ֮ϲ
Ͷģ֮ķȣαװɫ֮²¶飬һʱߴ̫ãģ˱壬ֻαᣬģЦۣʱԲԲۣ˫峺ʼйڣһյġ
δĹôߡ
ϧҲѽ
⵭ӰʣٻӰ˫鷿һ֮Ȳۣ˶ƺһϡ
ϸƺ俪һ죬̬Ҳ
ֶθЩҪƤЩǴ̶
ɽ꣬ˮһþ
⽥ŨҪµʱڣ԰ͼ԰ȴྶͥһ㣬һ纮ꡣ
ʩѼ¶𣬲ʩϷûԹȴٲÿȥݼأһźʩϷҩǸտʼʩҲʩϷʾʩϷˣԻļ
һȥײմڳ״˸棬ϥɸС㡣
´һۣ΢΢һЦûж⣬ʩʱʵյĹϵ֮ܲգһģֻ줚[
òս㣬пҲ԰˵˵
ңͷȥ
Ϸ˵ɫѿ̶˼仰ַԲȥ
ڶĬһյ趼Ⱦֱ߳ȥԺʩ
ʩ˷˵ڵ˶ʩֽҩ̺͵̵Ӫֱߵȥʮ֮߰ˣʩϳ٣ȥ̽ףĴͼ̶
˵һμѰЩȣʩϵұ磬סãʱ֪һɣɳӣҪ˵ҲǰѼСӹѣʡһҹ롣
ЦסŮңȰöպҲҪʹ˵һ߶š

ʩ鷿ȥü΢ʣôˣ
˺ܶ࣬ŵܿĸҵԽԽʲôҲԸҺĸʣµһ顭
һȥĸ˵ˣ
ʩȻһЦ˵ʲôӣҹ԰
ֻЦݼ䣬絶ɭȻҲЩ˵÷һĶϡҪĶ㶼ܸһЩա
֪ҪЩʲô󷽡ʩת𣬡ҪλҪλլŮ᲻ãӦӦϣ
Ŵ˵ںڵ
ӦӦҲǣƽ᲻ðҹóȥ
˵һϣǰĿգЦģһͷ
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һǷһҪ˽ᡣתΪɢҸҵʩң⼸궼࣬ҲǸöһЩһЩ
ĸǱߣһȥ硣
񼸺ҹҹЪ԰˶Ŀȴ׽ߣĶۣٲҲزʱײƵһգʩδڽô
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ʩϷҲûʲô˵ģֻԼ⣬˵ʲôôɡ
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úӣǼŮҲڽеãؼЪգٻؼ
û죬ȸʩϷ˿˸ͷٱԲɷŻ˼԰
ڼ԰Ƭ̣ͽӶӿһˣСϻӣн廪鱦ΣнҲ㣬صˡ
ǵһϢģЩʹͶʩԸ԰ģԼЩֻǲ֪ģͷЩŹ֡
Ϣ죬粶ϲ
ʩҲ԰գҲЦŹ˹֣һأϲ
Ϊһʲôѵġ
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ǡ
СƼңСҲûʲôۣЩͷЩͷ¶ĽʣǰģҲൣЩʱʱΪȣмǣҿɲ㡣

һЩδϷպҪȢΪޣ˾֮أһҪǨլڴˣҾȫҪϤĿĪ
Ȼعʩ
һӡöֶֶ࣬Ůڶ࣬ϥ徻һգҲʹá
΢΢һЦָڴϣȻţ֪ġӣرԼĺӡ
ⰲţɻôʩЦҪģҶ㡣
⣬ʣ̧ҡСĵƣһ¶ϡҡҡ
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ŻֻŻһ
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ʲôʱˣЦҹǼﹴ㣬ΪֶҺĻ£߿ð壬ˮң
»ٲ٣˯˭ǡ˱ңҸˣҲ˸ҡ
ҳһسҲ㳶ƽˡǳҵӣҲˣ˯Ҳ˯ˣͨãһΪ£סҡ֪֪ΪֻڷУһా͵͵ҽҩȴȫϢó졣
ϲ㡭ӸСһο㡭Ҿġס飬ʲôҶǸԸġ
ȻԸҲŵôҲ㣬ԺĸģΪ𣬵Ƥӵ£ôԶСģ
壬ңѶС㡣䣬̧御ˣϧ
úûŰɣﻹкܶطҪšôĴˣˣɾͿϧˡ


66 
첻䣬ҹｩþˣԾֹǣ϶
˵ЩĴд
ֻһССŮɼҲɼ
ʵϲһˣأΪŮǰ·ްһֻ˼άʲôģ
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Щ£صǶһģ
ŻһŻ޲ðĸŻֻһ߿տϡ
ڵӰ½һҹɫѩֽͿ˾һ˲ȥ
˼԰Ըգˣ׹׹л㱵ģǰסϲĻҲ˵Ҳǣս㣬ȻҷȥϴһԸͳȥǰȥϷǰмС㴦ĸͷ
ЦЦӦҡҡ׹׹ˮͷɫҸմЩ֬ɫ
Ӷƽסת˰ȦӦϲϺ֬žܼˣ黹ţ̲סȰôˣõ飬õӣôģˡ
ˣ飬ӡǧ㣬Լ˸֣ʲô֪ģôõլӣʳźˣʲôò֪ġ
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˵ʩԸսչңʩϷͷּչʩ˵һʩϷ˶˵Ҳǿߣ¸һֻա
粽ҪޣģתһԺҲ檣ٲðѼֵüȮһؼգֱڿ죺ĵ׻Ƕչã˳裬պɩɩţҲǸȵġ
ںҲͷлˣ˳ݣȥһ·޲ֹϲĽ֮Ա
ģϺͷ飬ӲùûۣûöȣʧϷ˺͹Ŀɽȫʩַ©һ
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Ҷķϣū黹ԼɡʩЩƸ˾ˣҲ׷
ʩϷ룬Ҳֻܵͷɡ
ԲҲڣҲ֪˭˵һ䣺˼ټϷˡƵģи
΢΢һЦǳȣ¶֪ǼڽǷܵЦ


67 
粵Ļûдٰ졣һǷƶʩҽֵЩ£˸ʩϷ˲Ը̫ԷֻһŮǰů
ظˣĶȫԳѧСţиʧŮȥԺȰʩϷˣٺ粺͹ȥ
ϺͷڿԭڳͣʩҲԸ涪Ӳùֻɿңָһ㶼¹ȥˣ·ٵ飬괬Ҳؽˡ
ϼŮɫӯһֱߵĵ裬ﻰҲ̲סԹԹء
ͷĸ˵ЩüƬĸ׾͸øж£ձԹЩк洦Լ𺡣
˳Ӳ粵ϵĻ˵˼ֵŮ˵ĵҲ֣˺ӣǲŲʣҲٰ˷Ҿҡ
ҲֱվŮ־ߣͷȥѰ
ʩϷˣҲŮ᷿粵ļױһʮ̨úţŴϲ֣ЩնҪ͵ȥƳֻ½¶һֻһֻиȥģ㵱Ľ¡
ĿЩɨвǵʩΪõļױ񶼸粣Ļʩδ㣿
ͷɻֲʣֻҺãմ˶õĹ⡭
˼ЦЩĸȱŵģҲи˭Ҳòϵģٺò
ºһյ裬ʩҲżϵľ׺Ż̵в忡Ӻȹﶼˡ
żʱ̸ǣҶױһ̧ܼȥۼױŮҪһõʱۼڵԣЩױƾܡƿһܼߣ׷׹ƺȲʣΨȺЯֳȥȥá
仹СԼҲûϷôˣŶ˵ͷ̧ױֳͣרİ˵ϲ컰ֱŤ
ӳͱѧȥڿͷҹ粵ֻһˣ˺һŴϣҲǷȥ˯š
һνô׽ʱ򣬻ҲǺܾ֮ǰˡ
ȣ˯𣿡
ûСۻ
û޸Բĵ𣿡粷˸
޸𣿡
죬˵˰գܣͨˣͺЩ
Ҳһصͨ˾ͺˡ
ǲһ죬Һ㲻һ
ȥʱҾЩҲ̫
𿩿Цˡ
粼ЦòãϣͺߣΪҲ֪˼ӽţ㶼ǹģҶƫ㣬رǴ硭
롭ʹãҲһﲻһͻȻ̸˴𣬡û֮ǰֻĸӺҡҪ飬Եϲ棬ÿҸ˵ЩԵģһԣװû˵Ļǵء
ʱҾôãТ˳ĸ־òֹҲкʱҼǵһΣһֻҰè͵ҧĸȸȸ۶˳ڵڲҽУԹ˺ܾãңȥȣӰѸһ٣ȴ˵ȸǻɵģҰè
ӱ̽һֻ֣ס粣˼ô࣬߶ô࣬ǲڽճޣ
ҧܣϣεҲһӡ
Ǹ˾ӣԳӲѹġĸ׺ҲһЩסģȻҲ㡣
𣿡
ԣЦ
ճһգӰЦ٣ִ
ʩҽϼϲΣӯ죬˴ӵһ˫˳š
ŷ¸ߣҲʩȺ̸ЦȻᣬϲ׷ϲһ࣬ǡ
һߣȴûµ˽
ﻹпҪ㣬԰ϯ棬ʩϷ˻˴ѣŮƣ𣺡СĻ֪û䡣
ʩϷ˵Ц᲻߶ɡ
ǹ󸮵Ĵأɶ˼ҲԾԾ뱣ý
ʩϷȥ
ֻʣһһСʩѲС絽Ȣӵ䣬ĹϵǶʩϷ˿Ӷɼҵ飬ʩϷ˲ܲǡ
Ůϯɢ磬Ҳ԰ϯһӾƣһӿ̹̣üɬ
ɸһյѾƣȹյҲϴͷ˿ϣⷦ
Ǳ˵ѡ
ʩͱ˵Żﻻ²裬ǰ׺룬ʩɸ裬һԴѧš
һ۷죬ѲյƸǣ嵭ĲܿӯӣҲƮǰ
ȵĲ嵭ȴɬζҲǨϾüһĵ裬ƽĶۣʳסеεΣĺã֮
⼸նпͣԺӦ鷿ҹͶɢȥҲЩ԰
ͷԲ裬һ˫ַĵһƳﱾƣȻģ֪ͻȻһ׺żůůЦ⡣
ʩһյָһյ´ʲôʱСܺһյ裬ղн档
ĵֹôЩ꣬ҲûСҡ
ǲ㣬գƽðͻعܽѧա
ʡġ
ʩϣЪ˿ŰӣӰ֯бȥöһţ˫۱ţᶶ
Ȼˣ͹ЦһҲۣǰͷ˼ѵľƣӾˮڻΡ
Ŵ˿ͷͳ֣һ̽뻳У£ϥͷ
á⣬ϣ΢̾մŵɳơ
ŵŨľ
¼⸱ģ˳ȥ
ô
ţһ㡣ʩ§סڻУܰ㣬⼸մһˣЩԨԴʵѧӣʫԣҲԻͷ˻ġ
ôϲˣҲԼѧ飬
ЦʲôãܳͷҲǸ֮ͽͷ֮Ҳƽ
ͷ飬ʱϲˣͼˡ̾ϲ˰գ
ȥˣûϲ𣿡ͳãϲ𣿡
ƫ׿Ҳԣ粻ϲ飬ǾͲϲϲûϵġ
ﷺЦ򢣬Լ˿üҵƶ
ϸô࣬ݺҺĺ촽࣬һûʳһֻң֭ˮ𥣬˱ˮţ컣߳˿Ƴӣüۿݣˮ
Ũ͸ζУǣǣӡ
Ҳۣ죬⼣ͣסǣƬ̣̾һӵСƣЦһЦܾûЦˡ
˼ĿȥһȦƻϣҧҧ´¶һ޵΢ЦǲǺˣ˵ֻˣ
Ц£ѣȻǼĺ֮С
ȻαһִοһЦҲɣĺȵ̫ˡ
һᣬϡ
⼸Ҳ˰ɣæǰæģҺͱ˵ôõĻҲûܰ㳳ѡʩ޷ˡ
ţҲһơɢ
ȵʲôƣ
پƺľغɻƣأ
ݽ𻪾ƣɽ¶ףƶһ󱭣һסľغɻҪзԣپƻƬŮǳԣԿ¡
ҲЦֻиǸˣǻӾζ⡢ѼųԵþˡ
Ҳ£СｲЩʩЦϲõĹ𻨶еϸϸͷ⡣
Ҳ̲סſϿЦ
˾ƣȣҲ𣬽ӵס˫ǳЦϵľñ±ˮһϴϴô
ۣϣҹˡ
ɽҹġҲЩ٬ʫ
ԡͰڻõ廨ͰںãϼεֹǣŪصˮžˡ


68 
պ¸ţ粴ŷ̤ʩңѾ¸٣źΣӡ
⵹ˣ粳ǰһӣ˵¶ֱʩҲ˵аԵҲأΪ˸̶̼գоֹҲѧ˺
ʩЦ³ѾͷҲˣ̵з
Щ˼ӣ˵Ц
粰һŤڷ󣬳ʩ
լŷ˺ͷСöӹȥˣʩѾۣʮָմˮֻ֣ڼҶ飬дʱӴ֣ãӹñʩһġ
һߣﱻʩŲȥʩϷˣ԰Ӷĵ̣֮ʩȥԺ԰ҲֻʣһŮиΪ徻
ˣôЩˣȥʩ˲ۣһʱ޿ô򷢵԰ҲòôЩֻ˱º¶˪ߣÿԺﶼᡢľɨӣ߶͵ׯǲ˳ȥ
ʩĶӼ԰ڳһ밲鷿һ԰ܵͬҲ㡣԰ҲҪЩ԰˼ᣬе˲Կ׶ýȥÿչ̶иʱî
ڼ԰ʰյļΣǰָʾͻգǱĴãôһ˵صЩαĶ
룬ָ⣺ˣӦİš
ʩ˵£ūѾ黹ˣͲˣЩ֮ӻͣ⴦þС
򴽣ƽͣͷвΣĸ͵ģҲֵЩӣ˻ЩЩô罫ӻҲᷢ¡
ߣһˣҲ𡭡ô̸һ
ɫ£
ʩЩΪ⣺ȫǰ֣ûвӦĵȴĻԹݻƸıߣλã֮ˣΪãߣպָʲô۶ӡ׷ū˾顣
һȥԸˣչЩиͻȥȥԼױϻȡһӣ˵Ϸģˣպúù
ʩţԼܵӾóˣ̿£üԼ⣬ѰʲôԼǡ
۾ָ棬ָñĻҪЩ
ģֻǿ
ͲôǢЩĲɵζò࣬ҷȪ΢֫ʮָϯȥ⵽ôˣ
Ťͷǡ
𡭡ζ
΢΢šüͷ
۳ϣһӣιȥϷ˿۲𽥵ǼĦܴĲС
§סļ磬ʸϣૣ硭һֱҺô
ļϺһɤƣҪô
ۿ΢΢΢ĵͷ
Ӧӿˣϯ֫ٺ壬ȴֱȴ򿪣һ类ƽ
գŰˡ
ʩɿһһֵȴ˱괬ϣ괬Ӽ·´ͨ籨š
ʩ֮ǰЩü˵괬࣬ҿƺò
Щͷ˵ЦֵƽعȥȴС´˵һ
ʩͷ£ˣ·϶Ķ
ͷһȥ˵Ҫ;״ͷͣ˼գټװж·ϵЩʱա桢ݡ塢ݶͣˣҺƽ磬ǣ̽˷Ҳʶ˲ٿ̡
һ·ζϸϸ˵ˣûдȻдѳɷһ·ӹޱϣ;ЯĸƷȻ飬߰˰ȴǲ٣ʩˣһ·Ҳ࣬Ъա
˵ɿռӹݹ飬һʩϷҲԸʩЩ鶼Ҫú˵˵ֵ̫֡
ʩӵҪӦִ֪硣
⽥Ũ˥ʩϷ˵ĲûкתأÿﲻҩʩϷ˾ã治̫£ϲʱˡ
գȻƽӹ޻˺дȴ˺ϴֻ·̿ϲύͬۺȾ˵Цʱգ֮;˴Уʩɿ⣬ݣЩ
ɿԼһˣ˲ټʶȰʩϷˣּŮЩ緢ƣʩӭϵ˷ŶȥҲӱЩ
µĳɹһǧӣɿʩǼƱЦһԣͷ΢գֻǳȥʶһ׬ǮΪ·Ͻʶ˺ЩѣЩˣֶ
سȥЩ·²ԭֹһӪЩҵĴˮߣ˿񲼵ġϲƵģʯģŵϡƽϸʵô࡭
ʩ˵һЦ壬ֶӷϴȥ֣
⡣
ʩľѣƽһһȥԺﻹκͽūȴѲڣˣһϯ
ɫͲޣҹ꣬ӿκͽѴؽѬ¯˴յֱԵҷɢ
ֶһңɿԵؼңһɣ赹ˮźϴ˵һҪźģ޺޵ﻹź㣬㵹ãֻһζͷ˻죬ＸڼңŲʣ㲻֪Ƕڳʲôģ
ɿžü壬̵˶ûУˮҲɬģɻʣôˣ
ϱ㽫ͼ˵·ʩ衢ֱȺȥѼ˽صĽˣɿգ²Ȼŭһȭڴϣۻҡ
ݷϿ޵ҲصЩ强Ǯ֪ȥ˺δҽ첻Ӧеصز飬Ҫ˵Ҳǳ֮أȥɡ
ɿɫ࣬Ҽ´壬Ȼ̾˿δȥҲû˵ǼٶСϴ⡭ѾͷҲǸƲ硭
ʩĹϵɲһ㡣
ɿū֮渵ǰͷżӣǼЩģ̵ǼģѧЩüֶΣװƵļСһ㡭ǻǾ£ʱżһδʽƸ˻ãʩżҵ£ͻȻͶ˺Ǽӵʱ˾͹ˡ
գ׺䶥Ŀɿڴ⡭⻹ô
ɿĿ¶аһֻ̬֫ü۲飬ĵεεģȻǾµģʱͱʩ֡
£˵ʲô뻰ֽסԼȥ룬ȴлȻ֮УֲʱһЩһ㡭һҲзԷЩеûģϷݺݷһ١
ɿһƣסˣаѱϣзӡȱͷˮתڶҷǳɡ
ʩǱߣʩҲ԰ѾϴҪ˯£Ժ鷿ϻմһŨ㡣
סüЩģЦӷϴһؾơ
һ䣺ֻ˾ƣûġ
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¶ûڵ˽˽񣬲ɿͶģҲ̫ʱײϣⲻ˫üӶ񣬴Щ档
ʩ˵ɿǹ㣬֪ȥĹԺҲûô˵ɽ¿ñ·ϴ
һѶϣİԡȥ
ϵһڻϣɰľǺɰڵأķһ죬ʰһԭװżöӺһСƿ
ƿ΢ҩšһƣԭʢһ̶Сɫҩ衣
ʩԡƿϣɫ߹ȥιһ̷֮òˮڡ
ĿǱ衣
š֪ģżҲײԴֻʡ
Ů˷õҩǺܶ࣬õĺټ棬̲סʣŮӷõġô
ŮӺȵģΪ컨佻һҩöˣŮ岢á
ҩΪϡ٣ȴûУҩҪ׹ٺߴӡ
׹ٻһ֣жϳݡ
ߴӣ²Ǵҩһζ
һһеʵҲ壬ҩģԼĺݵˡ
ζԺЩ΢΢һЦһָ⣬ǰȻһҩ赱ǶһУڳݼ⿩ҧ飬£𡣡
ƫ׿üġ
Ƶ䣺ҰյҩҲˣٲðյĺôҲռˡ
ڶûô
ڼ˻죬Ȼʰһ˹磬һת䣬ʩȥȾơ
ȥȴµطͥԺūҲװ棬Ѱǲĵط
ȴֻɿʩˣһƵļӣū
Щ죬仨ȹѡΡױݶǷյģչһϣƫƫȻ޴档
ʩūɿʲô˼
ϻȥ֣ū֪˵طɿЦ뵱ŨǡַɣÿϧҾͶ˴ϵͷ
ʩЦһ̧ۣžߡ
ɿҲվס
ɿūȥЦŴƺЩסˡǲǾūģЩһūֶһҶū˵ΪūʲôӦڵ֡⹴Ժﴫȥ
˵ǰ⣬Ըӵģˣ˽ˣǶС˳Ҳɡ
ʩתۺīˣҰȥҲָơ
һˣͺģαҪɿЦеģֻҪ˺ôȻؿƿҲյýġҶʳɫҲ
ʩʣΣ
괬С
дôʩҧҰѵ̺ҩ̸㡣
ֻҪ괬ɿڱصãҲ֪дô
ʩ£۲Ƭ֮ȻͷãҰѴø壬ֻǱ˵ؿƿŵù
ű괬ȥȰŮѺ׬ӣٴż뿪Σ
ʩȥһУĽ괬תɿ¡
ɿһִƽȥ˹ޣٴϣҲб˶׳־ȱǻԵ
ʩڽֻʣҩ̺͵ӣ˷ڣʩǳ
˳ǲȥ˽ꡣ
һլӣҲҪȥȰ˳ǲȥ°ٺá꿪ǰᵽȥɡ
ɺڵͲլôֱͣߵĶһܼҺͼڣ
ԡȻһЦլһչԱĹۡ£һ¹һֱûסˣᶼͥԺСöУӦϲӡ
赭дһϡƽ飺סȥգСƼ޸Ұɡ
أô죿
ĸߣһߣԸڽꡣϲҲһţͰߣб˼Ͱһ
ôãϵӻ⣬Ҳûˡ
ز˵
ʩ̧ۿǨӵ죬⡢ׯͷҪҪδã˼


69 
ϲûϯʩ£ÿջһʱϲ顣
־ǧЩ鼮ϲͨйڿʼѧ徭ʩгдϲÿձų飬Сֶ۵ᡣ
ʱҲȥЩӣϲҡͷԱ飬ʩϲϷɣϲͷϵ۸ѣͦضѲˤٶ೭ƪġ
ϲ𣬵ͷԴж뷨һҪҵ˱Ƕ㡣
𿴼ϲſſĿ⣬ҲֻܺЦգգۣʩУȥǱ˵ĽҳҽϲҲһ
˵Ǳ˵Ľ֡ϲﻹЩ
Ǽ򱾣ֽҳƣϲ˺ϸ첹һӹ±˼˵Ľֽ⣬˾飬ʶֱҪֵö࣬Ͼֻ֪
һһСѧΧֽ࣬壬ʵҲȪʯůѬѬչ£͸ˮﵴһȦȦĹΡ
ʩ΢ϸŲϸ޵Ĺ⣬۶ţܽޣʵҲǱͷͷɹû˼Ʈϣϲȥͷ档
ʱǳ³ȵʱ򣬻ƳγģСҫЩʩ䣬һ˹ӡ
ҹ˯٣պһɹ̱ϣżӵ˾񣬴Ϲ
Ҫ裬ȥ¯裬ɸعˮ
лҳ˵ҪĺѣʩϷ˵Ĳ飬ʩ˵ׯ׽ӡ
˷ʳһӣԶ༸꣬ķݾˣӲԼȥȡϣǳֹ̲
ֻһС롣Ȼȥˡ
ʩЦǳǡ
ƿƤЦԶˣô
ʩҲпϣͷȦϣ¶һݵľһ봰ůαʱҲ޷ϣƵۡ
һŹ⣬һӰҫĿǲ֣ںڵķ޽ǣһ˫ͦεĽüϸۣüĸһδǳǴеĲʡ
еǲ֣ͦεıϸĴʹ飬̰ߺ򤣬Ƥ¸ĺᡣ
ʩ˸ЦЦƴ˹֡
˶鳡¶һ֪
ȥϸݣӣر۾촽ӲòʵԵ嵥ҲϡʱȣʩҲǺƤң׽
𽫷ӡϡ
ȫȻֻĴշתˣС⣬һġκͼۣ΢΢Ŵȥȡڵζ
ֻ͵ʳ
֮Ϸ˵ĸˬЩϲҲвͬһһ
ʩִϣָĦ󾱵һС鼡ҲӦĶ˱׷𣬾
𲢲ɬ
֪ôģͻȻʱ͵һĻůһԲӵǣִԲϣС˵ģ
컵ϲ˳屧һ֦а뿿ڴϣ˽ĥʹһǵĺܡ
ϲںС缦СӰܣҲһס
ʩ죬ȻסһϲҲˡ
ֻʩŲæϲüͷôͻˣžͳ
ҡϲסŶƫ糺ϼԹӳһ仰ֻӺɹٲ졣
ǰ粳ޣյİţһȺ˶˵˼绰ϲȥ
ʩȭü֪
ϲϲ˲䣺ͽ㡭
ҲԳ׵ɹٺӡ
ϲüת
ʩһֿۣϲһۣ΢΢̾˿͡
һ鷿ݣЯִϲȥ˵ʩȥʩϷˡ
飬ǸͽĲԡϲ˵Ļϲ㱣ܺô
ϲֻһ֪𣿡
Ҳ֪ϲ֣ܲǺ£˶֪
ǽʹҪ𣿡
΢΢һЦ
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ʩʵ̫ݳ趨ʡæʱҲֻչ밲ǽʩϷ˵ʱЩ
ʩϷ˵Ҫȥ꣬Ҳ˺ðΣʩҵ԰ɲŰأطֻȻо֮С
ǨڽһӣҪĶȥ
ҲˣһֱֹУҲ˵ȥʩҲͨˣЩ£شȥ㶼︻ڽµطҺͶöá
ͶõĻ£ҲЩ˺ãҲϣĸܵһյТ衣
ҪʩϷʡ
£ڼϣϷᣬӹ˴ҵš
ʩϷ룬һأһҩʧǼм˲ļҵ㲻ΪЩ˵ӾӣɶԵȪµĸ׺游
ʩϷ˴ҡͷʵѽ⣬ǰӣСʱ֪Т˳εȥҲˣҲˣָýһɢģ㻹ִҪǨȥ꣬Լ롭ȥΣ⸱ģԵôĪ˵ȥĵңҲ̫ʧ
ʩסüģϣֻĸ˵ͨĸԸ⣬ڼ꣬ڣ
ʩϷһ˲㰡㰡ж¸ĸڽӴ¾ҵˣٿҲȰ㣬ˣδȰֻ֮ȥ㣬ֻҪңǰ˵ܷɻڴʩҹҫ鹣ϵ⾰
ʩ˻ɫҲɵĬȻ˰ΣʩϷ˸˸ݡ
Դݾô
ӹ÷ɿ죬ԽԽ䣬ݵ̿趼ѰʩϷ˸ηڳҹ£ż̿¯ȵ˽ȥҪѺѡ
ҵȴ̫ù
Ƣ˺ܶ࣬ÿι˵Ҳɫִ֪磬ǱûˣҲû̿СԸվʩϷܣůͣһѻһ
ʩϷ˵Ĳһֱãÿճԣҹ¡¡̵
ģͷѰ˲ƫ˵ʩϷⲡܸʩϷ˵ƣʩϷҲԸҲ˵¶ִ֪硣
һ˾һʩϷ˼żɲɵѣЩˣȴĵϸնͨ죬Գ
ʩϷҲøѣҲ˶ӣȻżң֦֦ڽڶҪϵ
˰ģæͣ˺üֻůͣͷôԴżҳѹ棬ںһȦմЩ⡣
֣ȻһЦϷ˴ֶˡ
ʱ˷纮ɲã¯ա
ջȥЩ¡̿ȥʩˣͲˣûǶǴ󷢴ȱˡ
ô䣬ǱҲùһǳͲãҲýˡ
˶԰һˣǸǸмȲ衣
˵ǽҲֺܾˡ
ʵǺദӻãжȣ˵һ͸£Ҳ԰һᣬʱ䶼ǡǡһյ衣
ڽӣɿҲûˡ
ʩϷ˵ĲһһգԴÿնҩÿҲȣҩҲ˲Ĳҩܲת֪ߵ괺ů᲻Щ
£ʩϷʩ˵˵һ׮¡
˵ҪȥӵôɲأϾʩҵĸĸ⣬ѵһٸһ˫ĸֺͳͷؼ꣬Щ¶㣬ҪӻҲʹãЩ澶ҪһҲͷ¶棬ӻլסҲʹá
ʩգò̾һĸԸ檣նЩ۰ҲǼٵġ
ʵαȦأи򵥵ķӡ
ȻһЦѵҽǸһһӣ˵µʩҽʵǸµӤֻĸСƲһ㡣
ʩϷãͻȻʧ
ܶܽ͵ͨһò¿ࡢһϻ鱦ŮӣһССķҩ̣ûиĸ֮ý֮ԣŽΪ޴ؼܿ¸Ӿϲ⸾Ҳ󷽣Լ强Ǯ桢˷ᣬūͣӹϣˣͻݴȣɷͷѰҲŲʣɷ檣һȢ˽š
Ȼ檣˹ϵȴһֱྴδţɷȥԶѰģֻǸ˹ϵȴһֱ׺񣬴ҶǸТʵ˺⺢Ӷ֪
һ̼֮ңӲһִԼĺӽѧ飬ԺƿˣԪҫ鹣ǹҫ˭鹣⵹˵
⺢С֪˳ĸף׵ģʲôܵãǹסһµˡ
ĸⷨΣѸ£ʩϷˣʲôٳѹû¡
ʩϷ˶Ŵ˵


70 
ʩϷ˴ûɫôȣȴ䷢࣬ѵƷ·УɱĴҲţȴּסͼάǴı
ˣپЩHҲ٣ʱƽϣˣֻϡ࣬˰ʵѵúͿ
Ƕʮˡ
ʱҲûɹ·ҩس̾ʹ˻ڸǰŮͨòΡ㣬Բͨ˼ҳģȴ˳ڼסЩӣͻС
ʱʩϷҲᣬоùŹ֣ӣ񼣬ڶӸǰЩ£ӵĵֻ˵ĸ۶࣬;˽⺢Ӿʩҵġ
ϱû˵ģʩҵ涼ˣ˶˵Ȣ˸޻òƷԾѣͷ̥Ǹкָ˲ƣֻ˵ûвĽġʩϷͷһֹҲţӹøãʵ˳˳⣬ͻݵĶϱԼ˲檣ԽԽ࣬Ҳ͹ˣⳤõò񻰣ͷϲ¶˸ɾ
ʩһʩϷ֪Ӻζ
õ顣
ʩϷᣬɤ
ЦЩ̣Լѡ·һûѪԵĺӣȢһòӣ׬ôǮƣֲԼãô˭Ը⣿Ƿ˵ġ
޷׵ϸ˱Ŀᡣ
Ҳֻǳ⣬ĸ̫ϲǾȨЦʩ˫ϣʮָ棬ۿԼһ˫֣Ƥ¸ŵ΢ྭֻһ֣ʩ֮ʣ˶ףദ꣬ҪӦҪ˼ȻôԵȪµĵ
ǱߣЩӪǰ½½׼һЩȥﻮůˣʹŶöլӺҩ̶͸ϲš
һϯϣʩʩϷˣһֱ仰Ȱ˼ҡˣ鲻زģֻÿնŪжաͶöТܳ꣬ϲˡĸôͨ͸ˣܶҲס
ʩϷҾ񣺡ԾڴˣͲ߶ĸˣĸлܴ
ʩϷ߳ȥ
˶ʮĸһĴȰи⺢ϰͷʲô
һӣͼʲô
ﴫһʩδֱͣ߳ȥ
ȥǼ԰
԰ңһլԺĸ̡
Ц
¥һ졣
̥ôСһ̥ҩͿԽĹ£ǸȫѰ·ΪִҪ
Ȼѡ˸Ǿȴǰ£ƽӾͺãͨˣҳ̣Ҳܼ̻Ȥ
ΪҪľһոһգǧΣġ
ǸȻˣ󣬱򲻿ѧ㣬Ȼ³ҲһҪ˾ӣװףĪ·
Ҫѧĺãѧţ黭޲ͨʫеıơ
ܿĸ״ɰײϣ㱵ġĹʡ
ĸҪұһһ
ȡɶһǰҪá
֪ҵĴ𣿡
һЦҡҡͷ
Ҽ޵ʩңҲֻʩ֮һ֡Ǳߡÿǵȥ
ʩڼ԰á
ӻΪεĵط
裬ֻʣһˣ
һС͹ŮЩɨĻ
ۣ˵ͷ
ҹʱЩּ֣ꡣ
ڴڣڴϣϬҪƵġ
ĽǵĵλӣӰӣǽڣשأܣصۻҡϸ޵ķüۣĲգ㣬ͦεļ缹ǵ߻Ǵڸ飬Ĵߣӡ
רעֻܶǴңǳ糣丣Ӳɫ㣬һŴұȻ󣬵ȥʼ䲻
࣬ץŪԼֻ첲ָ׿Ƥִˮغ磬뱧βҲ쳣ޣϣָ㣺
Ȼһ̲ˮ촽ݣ˿˵
ר͸ҵġ
ļʵҲйء
ûӲ޸ʩƣʩδʩҡʩֻһŮ𺰵סǹ£ŻĸŮ˴⽭ﻳ̥ʩƽӵ
Եʻᣬתһ
ΪֻԼУδϵ߻ͬ顣
һ˿ƣСȥ§סϢôˣ
Ŀڻ̽УԼ壬̽һ֣ȥһӣ˵壺ȥĸ˻ᣬȥ˼԰ĸס
Ѿˣʣ˼𣿡
㻹ǵô
ϡǵãò͸ҲᣬҲܺáĬţҳĽס
ȻǺܺãֻǶ̫Щ̫ҡ
ֿհĮɫʣ㲻ϲô
ҵԸûĮȻֻΪҶҺҲΪš
ôӶ̫Ͽôͷ¸ĸ𣿡
ķûб˾ȴôãĸףһӣҪôأ
ƺסõҲӣẢӡ
ë׵ķһ¸ŪļʣΪʲô
ӶƭŪ
ʩŤϵ⣺ΪǸӡ
ԽԽȣ̵ո糺죬۾ʪȻᣬ΢΢̣۽ǣζϣ˳ŶȥԺﶼˮˮһһȦһȦ
Բ˵ҹʩϷ˿ȳ˰Ũ̵ʩȥˣ˵Դ
̵ˣֻ˸ҩţʩϷ˷Բһ뾬࣬ϲһţʩϷɫãŵǺࡣ
ʩʩϷɫ䣬к˷裬ֺ˵ÿ꺮ůƺƷƳһ֮
ΪĸǳˣʩţʩϷɫ§ϲʩ˵
ǶˣԼ⣬ǹܲõġʩϷ̾Ҿɡ
ʩϷ˳Эˡ
԰ǰԺӹ£˰ʺ˵ǼŪģЩС㳢ʡ
ǺðɫӰţӲǰСƣɾúܡ
ƼǵݵǰĶһԼԼŶһۣеͷһյƱ
Ķĺ⣿
һλݼŪġЦƽճԹˮżԳҲеζ
ͣǷˡһӣҲллλݡ
Ц
Ѻʢţ԰ӻ˻ȥĶټ˼Ҳλݵô

ɵ֣Ҳʹá
Ѱطֻǲ̫
Ŷһ
ӱʩӽʩҺҲṳ̂Ű벽
գɿֹһ꣬صȻ緢ͦؽ˼š


71 
ɿӼ괬ڽͷͣһǻؽй꣬ǽƽǲˣ˸»ϴ¡괬ίи¹ȥպۻؽɿߡ
һ׬˲ӣɿϵѶϵϣ˼ңþ¥һþƺò˸ԸãϼžյȻԵã̲סԹͷ־ˣＸڼ
ɿӻͳһƱϻУҲкŮԲˣҲΪҴ㣬ǵţҾЩʱգʱ򣬸լӣūͣҲͷķС㡣
ӣȻϲЮˣмɨ⣬һҲֻǰǣڸǰǶ֮Ժ󡣡
˦ֱ֣ˣɿĶȥ
ϵȥ԰
Ѿͷʱ԰ãɿ졣
˭֪ôģϲǶСȥ£һˣ£׬˶ӣ
ɿһھƣۣǧǮǮׯЩʱնҳ
˵һӪ׬ͷ
˼Ҷʲô⻹ٵأڹһȥɿƵ͢һµ˰ͳҲ20ӡ͵˺޲ÿֵҲʮЩľġʳΡ˰˾Ҳ̳ʮЩǮĶȥˣ
ԼĿڴطšȨ󡢾޼ָ̣ʣһͷ䵽˿ڴǧǧҲһˮ
߳Ա̾˰پƺȰգɿŶӳ˼ţֱȥηУůԲᡣ
ҪˮϴһЦ˵֪ãֳһ׮¡
ĸãɿЦãɲ㡣
㵹Ƿ顣Ǹѩ
ԭѩ
ˣɿһ˸֦ǲҺʽ顣
ҲʹáЦ˸˹ôϸ˼˸ӡ
⺢Ӹճ̥ͱǼϷ˱Լȥˣ֪⺢ֱ˳˵⺢ӵòȲ񸸡ֲĸѪ׵ķӣ治ġѩǺһ˳ȥѩͶ·£վѵʩڵģҲǿ
ɿ¾飬ҲʹãǺӵɵҲǹһ
Ƕҵԩͷɿ£ɲء
μӴˣԾϸ˷޽ǡ
֣ʩϷ˾ۼźãҲܶԼڣ˵Ҳ༸䣬ҹ˯ҲЩ
粴ԼźСӻؼĸ͹
Ǻܰ˵˺ͷСöӣ˶˵һ˵ĸһ˵
Լ˸Щ徻ʩ֣СÿնĸߣǸŸд֣Ů˵ģ˼Ǽӣûпֵˡ
ڷڼÿҲʫд֡
СǸʩģ˽̵ʩٲҲĿȾһЩ˵ǿЩҲЩȡ֮ÿҲ̵ܽ䡣
зͷСһԣӵЩ˵ҲܺЩ
ǱߣҲСѾʩϷ밲ʺãӴˣߵҲۣҪЪţ˿Уֻ򷢼˵
СѾһĻɶء
ɶҲǵԲġʹ˽¼мڣʩҵ԰Ҳһִģܰʩ
ȥ԰棬ǡҲ粴ŷСȥˮ
ɶͷСҲ࣬һʣСЦ࣬ˮ洫ȥƮԶ
ʩ˵£ʩЦҺͷ¥ˣֲһֱЦ
㻹һ¾ҪˣҲ˼Сӵѣȥ
⼸һֱڼ˵й䣬㶼δȥ
Ҳȥʩ£ӼܲУĸҲţǱܴһֱδع񡣡
һȥҲЩ̫ãһȥô
ƫ룺լ飬ȥ˷֣ǽüʡ
ͷҰϺͷҲš
ʩҿʩҵӣʱ˴ţá
ᰥһЩƵűͷֻȥôʩҺͿҡҶˡ
˺˽ʣմ׵ģǼȻôһءıǼ⣬ϲϰɣǽ顣
ϣһ
ռﱸϲȥ־ıЩ˿ҡ
س;УϲҪͷӸ⣬˸䣬ȥ˸̡
ڳϵţϲͱ³ȥ㣬ƳһԲ˸Ӱ
ϲ˵ţվվ
겻òδ䣬ЩҲǾխʽŵ¡
̾˿Щζˣ
Ҳôû޳żң
̫á
ЦһˡǸɡڴϹӲ̫ù
ҪҪٻʩңʩҲǹȥġ
˵ˡصʩҲҡСƣʣµЩҰɡ
㻹ҪٹȥȻǵûӹǮˡ
һǺõġֻǹܲסҪȥķӮҲΣֻá
ζӣϲͲҪˣ
̾ߣȸҪõöˡʱﻹŲٶҲֵӡ¾Ҫˡ
䣺֪Ҷʰˣ͵֡
ϲڽн㣬ȻԲһء
ںͺ˵ϲʡ
ֻǸʻ·ˡǣ֣ߣǻؼȥ
ñҳصױϻӣ˲ٻҳ
ʩ˷䵹񣬰ϻӲøɾױ̨ϣִϻڷһ嵥
꣬ҴĸȡģʣµһЩҲܻһֱڷˡ
ʱһ˵ӣЩ۵ġôõм޶ӡ
Ŀ⣬򴽣Ѿӹò̫áЩ
ʩһֱûʹ˰ɡ
߰˰ЩΣԸЮҲδϡ
˸оҸһô꣬ʵڲܿࡣ΢ͷ嵥ݸ硭ЩҸʱ͸
ʩǵӣֻǸ޵׶
ҲڸۣԸܿ࣬ҲԸٻʩңǱǹɲùϣ硭ܲܰ뷨ӣǺöĵĹɴ߸ߣ
ռ˺ˣʩ׹ЦЦۣô
ǹˣȰȰȰĸƯţͷϲҲܡ
ʩûвӦĵ
ƽ˳ʩϷһձһռЩůͣһӵʩϷ˻ȥ԰￴һѩ÷Ҳڡ
֪һòƱҵĴţɿڼкȾƣͱٲ׽ס˼ǣȥ
ŶǵһμţǵսľĿɿڴɿԩҾ֪˲ӣǲ˩˱ߣϵײײںͷʣӣǲ˲˵в˾ץˡ
в˾ܵǺĳףȶ⣬ʲôʱɿϹϵˣǲһֻǷץˣΪʲôȥв˾ʡ
ģв˾ҲǸţ˵ֵ
ϼûзӣһʱ޿֮ˣһʩϷȥһȥŮѧ
ʩϷ˵ɿҲǴһȥͨɣӣ֪Ƿ״ӵв˾ٹ١
żҵĶš
Ҳ֪˭в˾͵һʣ˵괬ӹ͵һϣϳ˰ɣ͵ϣһĲ
ҪĻѩѩŷ˽ӤУԭö϶һȼеӣ潫żֵ⺢ӷżѩ֧֧ᣬֻ˵˾䣺Ҳ֪˭ģҪô㣬Ҫôҡ
ʱѾΪѩɿֹһɿ޶
³ɺ޼һд˼͵廨ˣͶ
ģγֲ壬̽඼Ҫϵ
żңҲֻʩϷǰϾһЩ˶Ů׼ҡ
϶ŮʩϷֻʩϷ˾ֻҪʩҳţżȥлú˵¾ܽˡ
ʩϷżżšʩȻֽҲΪѣһ˫ֻʩҪͨ
ʩڣǱ˺żǳ˽Թżֵ˼ȥкã͵ϣͷֲñˣͨкãŵķ㡣
Ҳһ£Եֻץȥżҹ˽𡣡תʩϷʹޣЩôǺϷ˵ֶи̣޿κã
ʩȻǲΪ
ϼ˶зС㲻ǷϣҲںǵϣû˸ףԺô죿
ģԲһҲЩգ
ʩ֮ʱڶ֣Ļ̥ʱûʩǵĺáʩȥʩϷˣĸۣЩЪš
ɿһֱߵԪڡ
ĵƻᣬױϻȥˮ͵ƣϻ͵ˮߵ۴ϡ
ԴԪңʩҾûг۹ƻᣬʩġ
ǹһ棬ʱֻһӰϸ꣬ǸһĴ³ӣüëͨᣬƣЩ׺ݣԵҲЩƣ
ĸվߣЩС˵ĸоŴֲѣһĻɫʣһ
ױϻϲò֪ôǺãǸмϲ§ס𣺡СƣҵĺŮ
Цظߣϴ˵ֻˣЩøңƽƽӣҲҶ䷢ģϴĸ棬Ժٶˡ
ϲ
ҹķȻ䣬ڣ¶ֱۣǰĻʩ˵
˵ɴӦԺٶˡ
Ǻܼ򵥡
˶һۣǾҸˣѹŪķԼ䡣
һ·͵ƣصУԴҩ䣬ִҴҶԭʩϷ˰ϲ˼Բ˼ҿ˻ЩʣѼԲŻ˳û뵽ԲﻹմѪ˿֮ʩϷֽ˹ȥ
ϣȹȥԴʩ˵Щá
ʩָĦǰ̵¾ۼźˣֲ
ѾԿˣֻƾһţذǿľԴػòεţʱɡ
ʩݣʩϷڴϣϢ΢ɫһ˫µֻ
ͷ
ͷӬһתһȦûҵҵˣԷһţպͷųˡ
ɿ˰˼ٱӣݳģѣʹȥʩϷ˴ǰл
ʩϷҲİˡ
һͺַҩ㲻ãҹƻͨҩ¯һֱҩ
ʩϷڴ˰£ݶ̽Ůڴ߷̣Ҳ̾и
ѹ³һ̫ӣʩϷ˴ӴҪˮԡᷢһȥ˵
ʩϲҾиˣذ󣬼ʩ𡣡
ֽ粣ȻѼΪ˸̵ֻɷмӣ˳
ң֮Ҳعȥհɣ˻ƾľ;
ʩϷ˿ǧп̾˿ۡ
֪ù𣬻Ǹл
ʩϷ§ϲڴϱۡ
ʩظ¶ТſһƬףµɮݡ㡱׷Ϸˣǡϯִ¡ԼáʳѰĴ㡣
Ϸ˵ͷ߸չ괬ͳˡ
괬Ļûȵɿ鲻ãֱ﷫ϣ·Ѳ̲˰ʯǹݵףǲ֪ӺδĳףﻹЯҵ˽Ρ
Ȼ˽ΣֱӰƽ£Ժɿס
͵˽ΣǿССûб·һ
ɿŵƣʩҵı괬
괬תɿ¡
йȻв˾İڣԺʨӴ󿪿ڣòЩһ֮£գЩã֮ǰ˾ǵľˣһغڶձѾˡ
ٲڲߣҲδߣСҴȥʬס
ʩһʩϷ˵ɿʬ̧ҲǳײϷˣʩִŵڹʩϷ߷£ϺһʵûзӣԾ˿أɿʬײݲˡ
߷ʩϲؼͭﾻ֣òϸɣ˹Ҫȥ괬ȥ
ƽһȥ
ɫЩƣ룬ҲȻҪȥã
ҲʮհɣҪЩϵ
߹ȥ˫ֻס̫壬һȥɡ
Ҳ˺ܶգͺúڼЪšʲôʱȥ꣬Ҳʰ
ҪĸТҲһʱᡣ΢΢ɬҲһڼ
ϲ㡣֣οСŮ㻹δȥء
ϴТȥӡ
̫ˣ䵽ͷ
Ҵƽûź㣬ԺҪүǺȾӦ꣬Ҳû㡣
硭硭Щǻ§ҹﲻһˡ
ðɡ§ڻĶͷ㡣


72 
Ĵ٣컹䣬ˮҲ࣬Ժǽǲ֪ʱù㣬һϸƮȻ׹䡣
ʩ˷ţʵʺϴ𣬽꣬ӵˮ󡢰ذٷᣬˮ·;²á
ʩϷ˲ź󣬼ȫʩ£ǼĹǣ°ŶɣҪܵã𷴵ЩˡҪʱʱ̿˲İ
͵͵ʩҿһΣֻʣˣһĬĬŵĹɿˣհſɥԺֻʣϲߣôͷϲԺŮģԼӾԽԽá
ʩûչȻҪţҪϲҲҪߣʩ˾ʧ꣬·ܷմϴţٲð粺ͷ뵽տգ粲⣺ҪҪ죬ҲһȥôһؼҺһ顣
ʩͷȲ裺鲻ãһȥɢɢġ
粴Ҫ˵סöʣȥ޷
ʩߺʷ񣺡㷽Ϊҡ
¶Ů֮°ҲûóҲ֪˵ʲôá
۱ϣѱ£¶˪ʩƽִ˼ǿ׳ĸһˮͷ˴ȥ
Ϸ䣬ֻȴ٣ܼľ֦ʲưƮˮϣҴлԭˮذᣬŮ˼Ҳ
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пСͧʩƲȾлҲȻӦˣ͵ѣֻЯһƵ۰ݷá
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ƽҶʹ粽𣬻ͽֱҪݸݺɽפȸӹŵĽЩʩͷ¶棬ǳЩǷ
һ˵صļͽĸӵܣЩ˳ڹԺߣӪҲ⣬ͣĸӦ꣬ʲͬһһװѣˡ¸̡˹Ĺӡ鳡ӵܣĽɫúܺá
ʩңԺͷԼ֪һЩоڼǰǸ˹ĵģ
Ҳгҹʱ򣬵ڶһ绻һѻľϴȥˡ
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ԽԽž֦ͷ¼ǵƴҡҡλΣƹߣֲ淽Ҳ֪δȥ
ԼѾȵùˡ
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Щ꣬Щַֻţż⿴ԶĵƻĿãȻ翡
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ɤƽȴɲ⣺öˣѰ˰գҵĻҲ춪ˡ
Ĩȥ꣬ίͰͣɬֹҵЬ˲ȵһֻվסˡ
ȹ𣬵վţһֻѩ׵࣬ȹڡ
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š
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𣿡ʡ
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73 
Ϻÿͷ⻪ޣñ͸ĺɴţӵ˲ϸ϶Żңʻ谵͸
ӵòȻãͣüĿ˵ʱˮͫ״ӵССһ׽٣øб
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౻ˮ͸ϸףСɱֺ㱳ʪ͸һ¾⣬ʪ׹ڵϡ
ʩĿת𣬿ϼ⺬飬ˮҶ
βҲȾһĨ죬ۣȴרעϣڵķָ
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ҹأҹˮշתܲϰߺƫָơ
£εġ
ϲŭ֣С˼ƿС
ԶӲķƸ֡
֪Լһ걻ֲԮҲһֻҵһ껨
ԭ⡢ж޹ؽҪԱ޼á
еһУҪԵ
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֪Ͷãƺˣֶܣڼǣ˵


74 
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֪Ͷãƺˣֶܣڼǣ˵ССϿڵģֱǰһһ˫ֿ
ϲǵãֻ֪ϵһã˴Цģڶ㲻Ҳģ˵Ҳġ
·һǶһ
˻˼ңȶȥ԰ѰһˣƳϲһۣӳȥ˵
ԭѰ
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ٻϲʩʩüԵ˵ͷӳȥ
׶ñҲЩ΢Ц⡣
ϸۣ֬Ӹףɫѣӹòãʩ˼ĳ֣͹ɳֵܣŹֻ˶ķĵذնȥ
ҲǷ꣬ԼУϲ
ȴԸɿڣߵʱϲ˺ôһֲϻټֻͽǱ˴ģ粻ĺá
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Сȴġ΢ЦΪʲôҪأ


75 
½ָϣ¥֦ٵҪѾ۴ΪԼʰҲͰ¸ˡ
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ӭʩЦʵȻţҲ̲סһЦĵغܺõġ
Ѿͷǹġʩȥѩ׵ľҶ㣬һӴģ磬Ұɡ
ȥλ䶼ˣ˺üöڵϣ޷Ҳɢţ˷ϻŽĻЦôõĵأǸأȴ˾
ĺ⣬ÿһֶ
ǵȥţˣˣƼˡ
ס۲ˮҿĺҶøߴ󣬺ɻСðˣСۻϵ£ժɻȥ
ϲ۾
ߣ컯գٶˡ
ҵķΡ첽ǣţһȥɢҵ޷һ߹ȹӣһ̾ȥ˺ϣСۣ˺ġ
԰ӵĵڶ꣬ľިı̺ҲøⷱïһɡڱεʵʵһǶҶ䣬ļļ꣬Ȼںġ
ͣǶܶǺɻҶ㣬ˮµĳзУԶżȻ·ˣ¾ģΨ˵磬ˣҡΣˮҲ˶̫ĵ׾Ҫ⣬ҪֱײҪƾУҪһ
ƱŤȴ߰ƺ߳һ˫ĵ۷һۣȴȫǾκˣþˣֱɢٳܽޡüڽޣﶼɺ⣬촽޿ҧԼָڣȫͷ
òƽЩƣ

ۿʪ󣬳ƵģһѺѻѻ˿£Ժ󣺡ôˣ
˵˫۲סͷ­ͷͷһ䣬èƵģƵģָѵϻߣҺ񡭡Ҳ벻ˡ
ӹúô űƵģģί̾ôѽ
üôЩ¡
ĳķʲôԶڡ
صƿ
Ҳ԰˵˵ȺȲ裬Լһȥҿʩûйʹ
һգˮͦŶӣÿʩҵš


76 
ʩ·Ӧƽ
ƽֻϲż˽˽ŵСס
˵ٴȥϲĸס
ӹòãֽϸֻӹţɫҲƣ˥⣬ʵᣬʮ߰꣬òúãڱ뿪ʩҵʱ򣬿ѮͷĸˣӲԵʲݡ
ԭǹɹң͵˽صļΣִ۲ˣ˦֣ŤͷߵûӰңʩѰϲ
ĬĬ˵꣬ݸ᣺ߴˣ
㲻ڼңҲһֱû˵ʩҪǨȥ꣬ΪҺҪסҺԲĻ±ɢˡ
֣䶯ѵĴǡʲôʱ򡭡
ʵ֪ҲʩˣֻһֱװšһһǰҾѾίԸġ
ƽϲľȻ˵ϲźĻֻǰʩҵЩӣô
ŲϲվɫţŤԼ°ڣĿⶨ¡ĶϣСϵ鲻֪ǾﻹǰԶԶϲһۣ˶θ߲٣Ǽһᣬϲ֣ϲ
ϲͷһԣٻһ˳ȥ
ϲҴҷɱıӰｩӲݵɫǰѵܵܵһߵʱûգ
ϲѹϳȥҲϳ棬ԼķŹصʵʵʵᣬʩ䵭涼δ¶һĹ֪£Ҳûʹ䡣ֻ𣺡ҡ
Ժ󣬾ͺúðѵܵɡ
︧¡ĶӣЩãô죿ҪôȦ£ɫ԰䵭Ķ²ܣҰҲֻܿࡣ
·ݻСѰһҩѺӴɡ
ѾԼӡҲĶӣһӣҪȴӵ𣬹꣬ڵڶӣӣȴΪܲˣ⺢Ҳ£˳Цӡϸ롣
˵ô죬ô죿Ҳʹ࣬ôҶѰ
Ѵºʩ˵ҲϧǾźܲáóǧƵĴ￴ӵܲܡһ塭
ѧͷһϿȥնʩӦ꣬ЩУԴҿɡ
ҪԴﲻˡ֣ҴȥͷɣĵأҲá
ٳţҪȥҲϸ˵ôһҲ٣ʩ룬ͷھ飬ɣ
ţ˸ݵĴϴӣ룬ŮԼȥ˵ЩˣǿҩҲʹãҲɱΨи塣
ͷЩҩͳһ̶Сҩ裬ʴ򣺡ҩܿô
ǴҩڱǼһţ
ʩңʩиһѺ
룺ϲĶӣһֱۺᣬôȰ˵ˣͷҲأҲġ룬Ҹط̥ãꡭϲϰɡ
Щյؿʩ
ʩͷʵͷϷ룬˾䵭Ӷ񣬵ֲԣЩĲɵȥ𣺡⼸գΧ͵ܴܵ絽Ҷˡ
ˡÿҶڼң㶼ܼء
ҲҪ࿴һЩǣϢ˱Ȼ̫į
§ͷ­æ£ҾͿʼʰ
Ȼͳȥ̥֧ЩϲȻԼߡ
԰ʯһҹ֮ͻȻˣ֦ͷʼʰеǱߴҾ㶼еģһЩõʲͿⷿҪߡ
ֻʣһտӡ
һ˲ȹһҪѼҵȥ꣬լʰ׵Ѽ׵ЯЩϸ߼ɣæʰдСС
ǨӲС£ʩҪ򷢼н̿ͣҶҪŰݷãЩҪǱӾһձһæ
ȻæµҲʱʱ뷼
԰ʰ·һ䣬ǰΪԼļ£һһ߶ϸϸģˣһֱڣҲûд򿪹
ϲոµģ˿쳣ϹţҫĿתš
˰ΣͷĴ壬ϸϸܣе㣬³ɺѬѬ˺üգôʱ䣬Ũġ
к¹ѣ֪ϲ
ʺϲһϣЩأҫĿɫһֶׯ
ʩŷϼվУͤͤɫˣΧƣ׷̾Ҳ㶡
Щ˼ͻȻԣ֪ʲôģ
һȥԸ½ϲͽ˶٣ȥɡ
ŤͷʩֳȥӦȾˣ
ߵǰͣʱһΪҵĶҹ
Цޣҹôûоأñͺƽ
һƾͽ˴ڡ
ֹһÿȥͷǺоƻʣһЩڱףһһСڣͷʣຬȥ
֮䶼ǾҺι¡
һھƣζɬҺ
ʩζһüζŨϤġ
𰲰ͷɫ
һξ׹̳Ũĳ˲죬óŲסۡ
§סͷһ䣺硣
ﷺһƸкʹɫǺģʱɫתüĽһȻܵģţǿ³һ֣㡭
ɫɿȥ̴ԵĲյһŨ裬ʩҩ
Ǹõҩ裬ͷ׹٣ÿշһţʱЩܣȼյŨܽⶾҰղü˸ʣĥʮţھƱѰӦû亹ʹȥ糣ҩסЩѣ£죬֫һҲЩܣֻҪÿʱһӺȥĻأú˯һգⶾԾͿԽ⡣
ӲţʱҩߣӦûѪʹ˥ߣͨҩӦס
Ѵãʩڴʼ䣬ţɫ죬٣һ˫ǿţ˵
ʹһڣҪ³ǻѪ
̹Ȼӭ񣺡û˺˼ֻԼһ
 ѾŸӹˣߣԸǰͷֻ¸硣
ɫǺ죬ȴ׵ģһ˫֣£ĺ˿ҩѾڼţһ͹ȥҵԴŸ硣
ͷ­ţˣļٵġһָ⸧գˮοЩܣܿͺˣҩϾͶˡ
βѪ
ͷ§ڻ̵ĶͷָҲڲҲ硭Բ𡭡ҡǰɡϣԺܹúܺá
ΪΪʲôƺ߽
ΪǻˡΡΡɺԵĴʩʮ꣬õÿһ֣ϱʯͷ硣
ۡ
ңҩ룬վͥ£˵ͷ˲
ȴϲţϲڵϵȣ㡣
߰ɡЦ֣ȥɡ
ܣ𣿡
ˡ
˻ŷʩңͷǺҹɫ
սǵĵطڵ
ҵĶءɫ糺죬ҲһյƣҲһڡ
һСУ
ͷԪգʩ𣬻ױϻͷмΣһӣ࣬һӡ
嵥Ķģ⣬ġ
Ҫȥ
ҹ
Ҳ֪
ϲӣúôŵܵܣȲһ´Ϊǡ
֪İɡ
һ·ˮͷСۣʶ˼ҡ
§еİϴ֣ܵܣء


77 
ǣϲԶȥ
ϲˮϸŹ˽ʱΪкý֣δһĻ
ıƭʩʮ꣬˸˵ĸŮ˵ѣõĻģȫ̻¶
ûж˵ȥԭֻ˵ϲ
̥С岻ʮǰһҩȥӵͺӾһðգϲиңȥѾϲֻܽ㣬ˣԸĸߣĻ˼ţ㲻ӣϲҲ档ҲˣǾΪԼŰɣȻҪΪĸףǾͱǣȻͺʲô
ϲӣʲôʱܻ
ҹɫ̾һͻˡ
ϵһª洬ᣬٶȿ죬˼ˣýʶˣŹˮסһ󣬽ʶ˲ٴң˸ŵùģͳ
βΦһ谵ǵƣҹеĶǼˮϺֻ۴֮żŮһֱվţȹҹⷭɣվáŹȥ˵زЪϢʻˮ·ͨĶ
һȵ£ȥ޽磬ǱϣƵʯͷȥ·СҪĶȥ
Щ˼ңƾСƽ桢˻һֻˮ֧ܲε̫˺ȥӵ϶Źؿϸس˰飬һӪͰˡ
ȥޡ
ǵã﷫˳ˮһվܵ޽磬أÿնкУĶȥ㡣
ŻػĿԶһ˳ӿҡ˻ĽˮڷϣŰ˵Ҫһż¶ıĳ
Ȼѣμ䣬һűԺӿһһϣ˵΢Ц衢ǡƬһ˻ȥ
סΦˡ
ƶԼľһгʤȯһ㡣
ǰŲһˣȴû·һ㡣
ССҨźɫҩһ󷢰׵ıСŴȥ
ʩһ״̬ʹ˼£סˣ߻ǰ಻ס룬ڰУȻƿӣ˳ȥ
Ƭ֮ǰһŨǢĻ֮УŶ죺ۡ
ҩ⣬йֵġŻζ
ͷҲ£԰ûˣ±ǲȥ£¶˪ǰͷȥֻ̧ʣһˣ⸱ģ麹꣬ճ죬ɫףͣ磬ȵҩ
ۣǰˣݣҧ˵
ΡΡֵݵߣڵҩƺݣŤ
ھʹǣ֫ʼԾ鶯ҹȹ̫ľƣһ˺ȵ嵭ƣԽŨҩߵԽ졣
þȫ̧֣żĳ鶯סǰֻ֣ʩһŤԲһ裬ʹ÷üᣬڵϣһҩڵء
ʹĿѪ׶һϡ
㡭ȡȡŴ֮䣬۵һ³ڼѪθҺơһӿ
硭
ʩۻ֮䡣
¸մŵԴ԰죬æһʱסԴ
ԭǰ⣬ﺰˮ¶˸棬֣ȥҵԴ˵ʩÿշҩ˲ӡԴԺ룬Ҳ㶣ؽңϴ򷭵룬ҵ˺͹ڵɪɪķҲ˲࣬ǰȥ̽ʩ
һͰͣʩԵĶ˵ˡǸһż΢ʮŵ;ƻţһʱˣЩˡ
ԴʩȻȥɫɺת࣬һʮȫּϵҩʷ˵ͷȥһ
еʩϺҩֻ֪ʹˣѾѳѪ德֮ʱҲ֮ŤԴæ˰ҹ۳˼󺹣ǿҩȥ
һڣǿۣһҹǵÿһʹǱӡ̡ԴһڵɺѪҲ治ɫĲȥƽͿԼǽ壬˶ĺ˻أ
ᣬȴеͬû˵
ҹǣϲߵģֻʣЩĸūͣ˲࣬ԶæµվҪеļʲ˵괬ȥæŷң˳ţŷˣʼ䣬ǳȥּֿտճȥֹһ鷿ȥͨʩѰˡ
Сҹϲšûл֪˭˾䡣
ƣۣʱһƬأȥںδ
ʩ׹ٵĶҪղܽ⾡ţ˵Ĺϵأ°첻ˣֻ֮زز
ʩĵһǷ
̱ȦڣֻżѣδǵɺԵѪüƽȴ䣬ϵʱѩһ䡣
ûм⸱ģͷҲ
ȥĶˣ
ҡͷĲ֪
һֱ˵Ȳ裬ֻЩճ£ЩǶӲ˵հְѰ˵ں᷿ҩ¯䡭šҰҩͽ
ҡҡҾܹŹ֣ɣֳءЦŶ˵ҲûǱ˵Ľ֡ҲʲôһҲһĽȻ⿪ʼйϵβҲʣ԰⻰˵̫Ϊ㡣
һģѾˣò鲻䣬᲻óԸ
Ǳ˵Ľ֣ҳ˲͵͵£Сϲҳɫ԰ףΪǴ磬ʶԭ򡭡
һʼûʲôһʲô֣
跼һ䣬ʵѲĻش
԰ֻһҳ·ߣĶѾʰˣζװˣһװ߻ܼ򵥡
ܿߵġʩʱ£ɫ䣬϶ж˽߿ⷿȥҡ
´¶˪һȦȥⷿˡ
ޣżɫ԰ףŶ˰գҡҡλȥڲջһѣٳʱѾһ£ϸüͿ˴Ÿ˷٣ΣŸС̼Ҿ졣
ұǰһͣСۣ˴ǧлǱ𴬼ңһһյŨ裬֥ڱŲ
̸ʢʵ࣬ڽãҺڣб֣ȻҪҺڣҲϼҴڵˣŷʣϰйĸ˱ȱȽǣУȻۡ
пɹ͵¿ϳҪȥĵطȥ
ǵãˮ࣬ˮˮذ˼Ҷ֣Ů̷ƽ˵ӣȽй֮޲
ͷЩɢˣЩŵ׼ɰſѡڡֽţæǰȡ飬׬ЩǮ
¿ؿбۣſʩʩȻУĵӴǰЦʣ˿Ҫ澲ʹ
Ḿɫ䵭һü⣺ȥԲȡҹƣõܲ⣬ˣͷġ
Цеģ˿
Թ˰ȦѡһƬڵȺ䣬˵ǰһׯˮأڴΪū
һȺˣһʮ꣬һ߰꣬ǴӺӣŨüԲֳۣţԲǸѹĹׯڵһѺ֣ӣڽ㻳СƵġ
ǮҲˣһһСʮӣǰŸǰܺϼ͹鴦ҡҡͷӣӵᣬ뻳Сպ󣬾ͰѾͷ
ˣĵ׾˵¿ȥ˻ྻѣ·Σϴȥʳһٱ
ΣСýСƣǰЦеʣ֪γƺˣ
ΡұգСʱиֽСţҾͽξˣҾ߾Ŷ㶼áŽˣԱôԱ˾·ɡ
ŽˣЩģհֻʰ崬вգ¡
ʩҵϲʱѾպ


78 
ﰲʩµׯ̥֮ϲڽɽһɽס˼ա
ʱģϲδֲĸ֮Ѻۡ
˵ûţҪѶﺢϲϲҪĸףҲҪƴԼĺӣĸسװһ
һߣϲ²߰꣬Ѿʼһ֪⣬ʱ¡ĶӣҲᰵĥʱԼ˵Ļ
ʩ˳ʱĸɽſڵĲԸ㣬
ŶӣһҪӣȫָա
ٻصʩңʩĶѽ⣬ߣֻɫ԰ף㲣Դշܳ׷ġ
ʩޱ飬ֻĸ˽ʱְͫ˲ʱսʵúȫٳţڼҶŮ飬޿ҹԼܳȥʧ٣ֻһʱӶͷ˺ıѡ
￴һĿ⣬ѹȾˣҲɵͷƤ顣
أɤǺ񵶷ӱι
ﲻ§ϲҹѾ뿪˽
ŭЦĥźҪĥѪȥĶˣ
ʹûлػһֱԸ˵ֻǰһ˸Ͷ˷ţҰæһСͣˮϣϵţϣֻͳͺá
һһʮԪգױϻ嵥϶˼һ£ΣʮⲢĶʹ嵥ģģ߾ȷţô
˵ҪߣҲʱ˵լһֱʩжֻһѣӦʹϲߡ
ߵʱûжʣҪߣҲˡ
ֽЩѡεʽһһ˵ˣʩ¹Ҳģȥ궬ռﵱ̿ⷿ㣬óһҲǲõģȥʱ޼һЩȥǸʽм͵͵
ʩֳֻ꣬üۣ˿ҧ
͸ױϻ޼ɵʩǰһΣ͸ġ
ʱ⣬ȥӽأûд뿪ͷϵʩϷǣңˡ
һá
ĿˣѪ˿鲼Լϣֱ࣬ߡ
ȥ洬ʩԸˣأҲ
Źʩǰͷ֮ԺﶼһһǺϣֻ˵ҹ龰ڶմޣһϰ
ĸŮȻʩЦʩӳȥû׷ػӣǲʩҼ˿֪֪ǸɣҪ߿޿Żʩģ
ԣһͰˮͷ£˶ҡδҲ֪
ʩ̾˿ƣȦ֮⣬չϲֲϲһ˹㣬ƻؼңĸ˴һ
Żţţһһſնͱӡ
ܡȥ˽ꡭһʩҺʹҵʱߵģʽ齻ʡһԼ˵˾䡭ȥơǶ̴ռһҲ׹飬Ҳ˵ӹòģĽҵһ֮Ҳš
ֱûбȽò˵ĵطʮһţʮ֣С̾ۼһСѰˡ
ôȥꣿԭҪȥ
ʩۡ
޿ȥ꣬ȥĶˣиϿԲͿѧ˽ºһϵ
ڽģҪȥǲǶԴ˵ЩøС
ǡΣյĵطȫĵطأ
ʩ˲ͷ£ȥꡣլǱ˳ڣҲҪȥңͷȥ˵ͲһȦѺģŮӵȥĴ
˺ããĽҪһ˲ףûȨ֣Ҳֻͨ˼ңһǻѪΪˣѰһ˵˿
ڽֹ
ڵֹѺһΣ˶ʮӣƱϵǩֻѺװıʼ
ȥլһխСݣںǮ⣬лˣ˵ȥٿһ
ƺҲլǰվһᣬ˵ֻƮƮһӰ
㳹׵伣ˡ
ûȥҹԲˣʩ˰ﶢ˺ܶգûҹ飬ںδǲһԣæµ
ңɣʱȴޣֻĥ˵ʱ򣬴ûбĥ
ʩڽһ£ԽԽ䣬ԽԽ𺣬սսı
ʵֻڽͣգʩգǡóǡһ·ʱܳҪϸҪ㹻ʱ䡣
Ҫȥĵط⽭
⼸·϶Щʹ뿪գֻ׹СѾͷסɫ԰׵
µ´Ҵǰȷһϳ򣬴ӽȥ⽭
ؼĹٵиյг̣СװüëСˣССѾң㣬Իһѣ˰Ƥ̥ĸˡ
ȥ꣬ʵд֣ܽǡ
ٰ˵ʱȻйɻȻɵʵ·߲˿ϸһλŶӣɫ԰˼뵡ḾˣӹСıţΨֳЩ
ԷȲҲϸޣЩ͵ۿʱҲ۾ˣЩ΢Ц⣬Լ¡ĶӣͬеĸˣײŻᣬ̸䣬˵Щҳ̡
ССվһԣЩĿɿڴӣӣǰһ˵ԼŮ죬һ˵Ƕ˼ңһףһңСߣʣˣղ˵ģô
΢Ц졣
ʲôҪеٵҲ˵
ε£һ·ҲǴӽ갲Ȼɵ⽭
뿪⽭ʱѾ꣬ȻѸģЩģǵãһֱ飬˽͵͵Щ⽭£߰˰ˣ𻹼ǵò١
⽭Ǹ֮أʮУˮݺᣬܲũɣҲʢ˿ޣ˿ǧңҲֱˮ֮壬վƹݡۡꡢ๴
˵˿ڳ㣬ʮ˿ڣ֮⣬ҲȡĵطɽɫũɣˮǸ˾֮أ֮
⽭ǹĸˣ⽭кܶŮӣȢȥΪ檣⣬ֹص⽭׾죬Ҳܹڷ£˵ĿҲû̫Ĳ졣
ŵĵطСִ壬÷ӵ֯ԴΪǰͷһִ壬ִΪСִǨ˴ˡ
һлŵϸ˼Ҿݣݺ÷һƬɣ֣ڶ˼ңÿճ裬ŮӺȥɣҶʱ䣬ֻҼһĻ
˲Σѱ죬ͷʣ޼
ڰȴЩͷȵС֢ܷĿȣҹ˯ŵʱ
˯ţԽҹӾԽѣʲôǵãһ֡֡һĻĻշתߡ
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80 
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ڴҡţǵһŤһ϶︡һֻаۣ
ɤ󱳷һֻ˸Ѱ֣ӴŽⴰ˨
˲䣬챻ԽԽ󣬰ֱֻѾ̽ۼ˰ס
ȴƿ˲䣬еļֱ˳ʹ֣һšסֱۣŤƴ̽޶
ѬڵӴһֻﻹȵ͵ƣ˾סѣײȥ˲͵ȥ
˲䰵һ˻ȵĵʹˣײײɿȥԼۡ
ײǽϣ˲ۣŭڳȥϵĲ˵ֳ˻ȥ
ѾԽ˳ȥֻһֻʵıӰ
ǰѲ˵ڴǰ
Ǵк
һкһοܾǼթͽ
ûɫȺķ⣬˭ܿһڡ
ܴʲôأŮҪˣԸɡ
·б·
ССƻҲǴһ˵ƣͷǶˣҲһȦݡ
Ҳæ޹ȴӣϧһŮӣҪʲôĻ̫ˡ
Ҳ̽ᵽҵׯ飬صЩеûģһӦӦоУסҲġ
Ҳ̾ŮǼЩҲûзӣ֮໥֣Ҳܹȥ
Щɡ
£԰˴Ӵͬռ
ԼĻ£Բڵͷˡ
̩ΪŷˣŷΪźԲ飬ۼ˥࣬ҲǶȰԲ֮䣬ջƻ޿ܡ
ſѧԲо٣šҹϵࡣ
ŷʮٳͣҲ˿һҡ
ڼչѦѩʵ֣ҲֻôӺɶһȥ
ŮǶԺ˵ЦпͶͷԲͿѧǽ㣬壬Ҫ״ԪƣźͿԷֳԼܵܶš
ûпԷǸ԰ӵĴˣѧȻҲҰ񣬵ײԲͿԷƴʱĪÿԷԼ
˶˲٣Щ⣬һ͵ȥЪϢ
Էźȵð죬˲ţҪغԺȥЪϢ
ԷҲС˷סŵײײԶȥ
żҵ԰ǿԷɵģģȥķԺС
Ͷкһû棬ȴǲ֪־Ѿãֵķˣôִյһ
ԷɫҲǺڳģĬĬһ
ŮӹһԼ
һŵŨһ̧ͷǰ˫Ŀͨ죬ֱļ磺ˣطң
Ҿ֪ҪͷȥҪ̶ȹ
ԷУϾǰͷһȥ
ǻطǴЦҼͣ
һ֣ѬȻ㲻ҾҺˡ
ҧŴߡ
ȼĿɢҲ۵ᱳʹԷ
źȻ˯һòŮڽ̤ϣȡ
ǶŮҲ˲赹ˮȣֻԼڣרЩ̴ϸŮòҲЩֶΣûþ͹ţųͷ˼ҲĬԸ壬ҲԺЪϢרΪŮһ͵
ˣڣƬ̡
˼ŻУΪ޾ɺãʵﶼס
˺ǰԼһӡ
ܾ֮ǰѾˡ
գżҡ
ŮѾǺʱ򣬿ݵ˵̺һȺΧźӣˣ
żǹͣѦѩдᶼЦӯӯ庢ӡ
͵ۿѦɩӣؾЦ嵭΢һꡣԷǾ䡰ǰЦЩ黨Ц
ԷȻͬԷģ׳壬Ĵ󺹣ڻʱһŻ𣬰ԼҲ
ǸܵĬĬĿ⣬Ѧѩ鳯Ŷ΢΢ͷ
ͷȲ衣
һᣬҪ˯пŮѰ˵ȥǰͷдŮŶһȦ͵˿Է
ӲһμŸ߸ߵ͵͵԰鼮īߣ˾ͼϺء
ֵЩص嶼֨ѽ죬ܲסˣڣ
Żط˯ˣֲ㣬ԭ޾ɺˣ
ҺǷޣ˯һ쾭ô尾ţȴϲģʲô£ܵҲ̫Щ
ʩİָɾˣҲ࣬ͷԺ졣
ϣ㲻ҲŮ˻죬ҲҲûࡣ
ҿֻһŪǶҹʲô
ֻһѦɩʲôĺ
Է봹ۣεǾ¡
˵ֻרעˡ
§Щɡˡٰȥˡ
ʱʩѾӻأҲϲ
ʩȫʰ꣬ʩżҵͼūͣ½ꡣ
լѾȫʰ׵Ҳ޵ס¡
վҪΪȥ


82 
꣬Ϻ˳ѾųĳɿڽˣȴӴˣþò
ĩ£Ͼʹ޴ӹϵ꣬լţʩ֮լ񣬲ūͣ⡣
ʩվͷԷϺ˳Ե˵ͷ
뿪ʩҽһأС飬һһ˳˵ˣʱټʩɫ糣ɣºͣ˫ˣȴûǹ崺֮⣬࣬һľ̶Ħ⡣
ʩҵʱôĳ棬ﶼǴŹ͵Ĺ⣬ҲƫţȻĺ꽥˴죬ǰЩȥ¶յĺ棬׳
ˡ줚[·ӣԺҲз֮ʱҪ塣
ԺҲҪиչˡʩҾ֣Ͽҵز죬ȫֻ͡
ڽ˷һӦ趼˹ʮĲţȻأѣϺʩ˽ǡ
ʩ˳⼸Ϣô
˳ͷδС
ֱʡܵɷˣȴվۡꡢ¥̡òһҼȥʣҪǵһȺɢĸˣִ߽ţ˼ۼܻ༸ۣǸм˹ݣǷ½Ůӣ⼸´ӽһֱݡڣݡ򽭵ȳǣʩֻؽƽˮ·һ·̽ʣʱգķڶ࣬һ
ЩѣϿĿҲɵࡣʩӽʩеׯˣȡ˱괬ҩ̵̡Ǯпⷿнﶼˣ̵ķŴͣ
һܹͨﵽһǧǱĿǰֻʣһլӣһʣǧʩ
ǾͲˣڽ꣬Щҵ̻ҪÿȥͨʩüϻмΣӵ
ǰδϢȥϣץˡ
ʩܻϣнǣʶˣʩҡżҡҶҪЩŮ׾ңҲǽҪġ
һţõȥҲŲסʱա
ʩסһŵĺ壺ֻ˻ţҸЩѪлһ
ˣȻһ˫۾ĬĬĶ
ӽҹʩṳ̂԰ҲδἰҲĮӦԡ
粺ЩλʩңЩ˼飬ÿÿʩ䳰ȷһԲȥ
ûܹ죬ûŮϰܹûжκ˸ôࡣ
žͺŻѪһСһǣϺݺҧһڡ
ǰһҲգ׹¶ء
ڳǵɺţʻͲ궼Աۡʮ±ǨҲ˽լ𸮣徻˲١
լѾʮ꣬ԭӲݴೲ鲼ȥ»ߣ˷ˢ˷ǽֽ԰ڷ賤Ĳľ԰޼ˬһʱ϶޲ǻȻһ£ɹӼˡ
լźһţֻڴҹֻдˡʩ֡
һĽլӣڴĽ꣬ռزֽվ£ǰͷŷᡢ˷鷿õ׵ţǼҾסĺԺСɾµĻ԰ŻľǾޱһ޻Ľż˯µ˿;ʱãʯʯ̳С⻬ɼСߣһӳĸͷǣһȣСһС԰ҴżСС¶ţﶼһһСԺ䣬á
ǰͷһ䲻Ķ̺Сʣûд̣ϴ׺ӵӦ֪ӦһԲҡӤ˯õġ
ﻹѰһֱڽľͷӡݺᣬСʱڿҧˣõġ
⻧˼ҵӣǰԺӦԺĸᡣССĺӾһˣȫ÷˵һⷿںСá
һӶŮʱĺӲʮ꣬СǸ꣬ĸױȥػӱ͵ƣҵʱĸѺŮУԼ˼ҡ
ŮǶҪ̷˾ģСԾˣжǰסδž
ʬǶµׯôȥطصˣׯҲΪУһеĺۼĨȥˡ
¸úܿ졣
ŵˣҪȥ޹أйصֻ
ģҪ
ʩһѣԳš
ʮػӣдССʮҹԺǽǴٹˣ֮ÿҶǵ涷ޣÿ̫ʱٴƳ֬ˮԵˮȾɫ˵ˮ浴Ѷٷ绨ѩµΡ
Ȼ߽һңġ󡱡
깫Цӯӯк¿ڣӦĹǣһӵţǰ˽ţýǸúŪ¿ͣӵŽż䡣
ʩǰȺݺݺ࣬룬ùʵߣǰˣŹ˵ӻ𣿡
ҪӣѲ̫ǰͷкˣҲס¥Ѱסա´ҲиѵĹ˵ơ
λһʱĸ輧Ѿʮ꣬ʱһԶǳţҲػԿʮꡣ
żдѣ׼ʩЦʣǧֻһ档
ӳЦҲ
סͷĸ˵λҪǾˣЩ棬һ꽥ò˥ǣҲ룬ֻЩɽ֪ųһ
˽ӶūĶƱһγɣƤūΣǧӡ
Ӳûм֮ˣ鱦ΣֱƱˣǵһΡ
λˣԼĪʮͷ䣬һǳҽ£ʣĽüĵۣ߱ǱºͣЦ죬
ûᣬˣȴټֶ˵˵ǹӣѻӵķ˵Ṇ̀Щ˵Բթ־ЦЩϤȴδ˼룬ʼûͷ
ʩԱ᣺һˮƼ䣬ղ
Ѿܶûǰչ¶ˮƼҲͣ꣬˷УصǵʱҺ׷ЩССҲ֪ţ֪֣ҡ
ϧδĿշɡʩżɽҴʱͨգùңһСʱˮƼ䡣
ӿƵӣü⣺ţ
ĸ⣬ʮǰùһ
ͬһʦͽܣһһգʮڽȨϣٳ飬ʱϲ꽥˶ȨֻǺԶ꣬һ޸ֱ꣬ػӵ˸輧һʱ
ǡĺӣȻվϸףŻȻ򣬡Ķӣ
֮ӣѾôˡ
Ȼĸ׻ô
ĸŽʮӡҾĸȥ֮ǰиңպҵӣлӶ顭ʲŴӵǧƱǼĸӵл񡣡
̲ס᣺ĸסôôִ֡ʮ꣬ûҹһϢ졭Ҿ
ĸԳڳҸҸؽҲδǣҲǰ¶ˡϻ鱦˼ױʳǣӹûƽ͡
ӿһᣬֹ
ʩ΢΢һЦ˿⣺ӽȥǸӣĸֻһˡ
㡭ǸӡȦ糱ˮͨ۶ˣ㡭㶼֪ģ£
ʩͷĸң֪Ҷ֪Щ޹أĸȡʩ֮ʣ
ӻɡ
ááĿĸס񣬺񡭡
ǱǮ£շתͣ͵˼еʱٴ飬̸Եˣ鷿ŨҲǳУһֱδ֡
ƶʱҲӣֻǺ޶ֻ¹¼ҹһ˺ͨ󸻴󣬲֪ԵɣһֱûȢ
ǰգͻȻţ޴ȥסڽУʱŷָаֻ̥ӣһϻ鱦·ʡ
һǶʮꡣ
ʩӡ
һӣʩȫңֻڽһꡣػϽʮ꣬ٹˡī̾͡޼ֶ׷в͹ϵ
£캮ضֵĵطػӵĹѵĽʳϣùӣ꣬̾޼֡
һǧ緢
ʩĳͣδլҹ
±ʩ̣ԽԽ벻Խ벻Խ룬ήҲʱ򣬱սսڼҵţ˭ÿʩҴһ;ŨѣִҴҶȥ
ŵǹ֬ζһСˡ
ʩ߷̣ʱʱǲ˷֧ӣһ߰ġ
Щ࣬ʩ˵λҪ֤һӣĲ٣ʱҪá
ֻҽĵ̺ҩ̳пɳţҩûбǮЩԽҲ²괬Ǳߴ⣬괬һʱϵ̵̫̫ĺüʹʩţ˳ѰˣһʻһӵĿԽԽ
üëףǽǽܱĶˣַȥ½ʳⶼټ
ŵˣͨĸ֣ɫ
׽ύľǾѣһ棬£֪ʶȤͬãò
֪ʶȤҲ޳ǰҲЦ糣Լӵ䣬ʫ
ӣ룬ϣ̴棬һյһඣˣչ¶ˮһ㣬һɿ
ڷ³̸ٳ̸⣬ıߣմմϲ˶ԣ˫شơ


83 
ӵĲҵʩ󻨵ˮڵĹﶼ࿴ѰֵĿǼ˺ߵýЩ棬ӽͣҼֶˣ˼ʶ٣Ԩ޴档
ǵڷ³˻̾Ϸˣ֮ʩǰкѴϸʣңʮ˽֪Ǹмҵ׵ģ˼£̸ڨ˲㽡̸˵ȴ˵ĿѧʣҲϴЩʶһʱΪ֪
Ⱥһλĵ̿Ͱͽᣬǽ궡ֿ̫һɶӣлƼΣŸɵڽߣʩ¥˻ʱգ棬˺ȾҲӦУࡣ
Ƽ̰ƺɫʩ˺Ⱦ͸裬Ҳλ̫ӣԺһӦöʩϣż㣬ֲ˼ͿȺ֣бۿˣЩʱռʩΪͨ͸߻ᴧĦͷǶ̿һۣƺ֮ʣΧƣʩһԣüͷҲɵʣ͵г⣿
ʩմǸ⣺ֳˣֻżпڽЩʱգʩȭţȴһĪչ֪Ϊ
Ƽ˻»ҲЯ֮⣺ɣǡһ׮Ӫ֪ϲӦУ
ԭǽڿ⸮ĩֿҪľƼδӸɵаѴԭȽɹͷȥ죬ֻʨ̫ڣҪǧĻ¸֪һҲֻ֧һǮҪ˾ࡢȲϢǮ۵ЩҲֻüǧƽҲΪ¡
ƼҲưٲӦѣֻ͵һʣ͵Ǹмʶġ
ֶָͷТɵҪóЩù˵ڡ
ʩ˵΢΢һЦ̧˿һӵĿձԤҧǧǮһ̰˸ģ๤ʹҲǷУϲһ׮ĺ£ֳշвֻ֮ǵˣէЩڸһϲͨ
΢΢һתһڰѴ³Ӧ£ҲҵТֳ
ʩ֧ʹؼȡǧƱ͵ƼǰƼε˵ͷøС˴ֿȥѰλС̫࣬˲ɰ뺡
ʩõɰ뺣зһλȾƣҵֲ̣Լͷ
νͷ渶ȰӵٸϢϣʩٱ𣿡
̴ԣЩȫЩҲҪЩ͵͵ҲҪһǧ
ʩ΢̾ĳͽ̨Ӧ
̿ʩһֻֻۣǧһʱﲻټ౾¡
ʩΪ֮΢Ц ͷһڼùǿԽ̨£ֻЩǮͼʡ¡
ʩϻǧÿǧһ¾ϢǮ
㣬ȥϢǮ׬һʣӦ
ֻһǮҲҪǮׯȥ֧ǧΪá
ɰҲиֻҷԸȥ
ʩϻһȥȥɿʱú̵ĳ׻ģڻڽͷ괬ϣдӱ˹ľϵĻﶼ˰ֻд򷢹·ؿһЩ𼫵͡
ĺܿ죬׼̺ܿͰѶֿ϶ɰֿ˾ࡢȥͨϵջ»ޣ⣬ɺʩ쵽ңȥ̵İǧǧӣʣʩĿڴ
³֮ʩƼκһ̿¥硣
Ƽζէ˹Ŀ࿴ûƴǣȻǰ
Ǹ̵ĺͷ
ڡ
峪P裬ƣ
ⳡֵҹ󶼷Żȥһȴ
輧ź壬ǳᳪ˼ġūΡ˼˼
Ҳո¶ͷǣյ˰գ֪˶ƣɢȥҲ˷Уа뿿ϣ֧һȣֱ۰ϥͷƻŽޣ΢΢žҺ̧ͷ۰⼣β΢죬Ŀⲻ֪ںδ
˼ģ
˼
ͣ£輧ǰϵ˶žƱۣ˯˯껽СˡҹЪˡ
ۣǰһŽĴմ㡣
Ũ֬Ѭ㡢ʻۺһζ
Ҳɣε⣬ɤ΢ƣʲôʱˡ
ʱ룬ٹһʱ͸ˡ輧һ˫ͷūҷ̹˿ɺã
ᴹۡ
Ŵأůƣ꣬˹ᣵʹGգƹҲ͸
ȹƮڵأȥ
֪˫ߣ˵㣬壬Ǵ򷢹ҹŽǲ⽥̵ۡ
ūԴ˹һۡǹˡ
Ůѩ׵ظļϣĿⶨĴ绨꣬һһϣ³ԲԵǧذת⡣
һŨ
ת
輧Ƶϣʵ˾ǰһ˫ǽڷ֡
СˡۣͻȻһס󼱴
˺ÿƯϸľϣסȻս

Ưĵۣβ΢һĨ΢죬ǳޡ
輧𽥺ǣ˲ף˫۵Բ
Ů˵һ⣬һ⡣
ڵıߡ
Ů˫ץסֱۣ¾
һ̵ңƺ䣬ˣˣˣԶ㵹Һڵϡ
ˣˡ
ʩۣһɿ
輧ͷ󺹣ɫҰף￩죬ڲһࡣ
齣ϵľյСоƹС
Ѿ䣬븹ȴ
յҲ֡
ۻȥϸ輧һ˫ֵۣŴ˻˻
ɣƤڸ輧ϡ
ʩ£ͷȥ
ˣھƳṳ̂벽
ȥ
ҲΣڵҹſյĽ絶һ·߻Ͳ
±˯ﺰʩ衣
ĶȽ䣬󣬵һεЩˮڸҲùȾ˷纮ͷ۾ͨġ
Ҳůͣ̿٣Ҫʡã¯ˣñš
ʩϣüģͷӡ
սս˲裬ʩϵζŪǺˣǣ˳ȥ˷ʣ̰壺ЩǲǶ⣿
Ѱ˼˰ᣬ˼һЩصΡѣʹʰһЩ˹ںͷ᷿
һлڡ
ֻһֻ򣬵ƹ谵á
ôҹ
ΪʲôҪ뿪ô
ʲô
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ڷһ⻬һӣմϵ㡣
ڰϵĸO@ٵĺƺһ
صߣǰһŲƽϡ
ӱĺá


84 
һòŮӴСĺӣ޴סڴƽƽСأǺܲ׵顣
Ӽκܣģʼն㲻ȥ
סӲȫ´ţĹƣŴԺǽҪμӹ̣ҲҪЩߡ
Ҳ¡
˼֮ǾССȥׯСסգŴºٰؼȥ
ҲׯڣǵݣϿż˽ׯӡ
λСӣɫǲ԰׵ģһ˫Ư۾ܸɬûаɡ
ֵˣֵ䣬֪Ľٰ¡ò˵Ůӣٻ᲻źۼۣδв֮ġ
һŮӣСɽҹˮ߳ûȹһӣ͸ĺҹ
Ȼһ£ɽҰȣŮ
Ǹ˵ĻҲͨķˡ
ﴫЩ˼ұĸϳļ檣䵽˵أδأҲŷʶӦڼǵóģⱻϳļ檣뱻ĸ͵͵ˣλܴСŮСɽӡ
ҲЩֻûдŪǲвȣ˼ӳġ
˲ȥĺ˱ӣĪȥǰǳ鷳
˵ҲʣһµӺһͨµٸ׳µ䣬Ҫ֮
ûͷƵŶһ
ׯԴһһ˵˼ׯ԰һӦУԸ㣬ׯڶŮֻͣмũӶÿ춼ճϢ
ʱֵգũ࣬ׯ԰ڵ۱촣ɹȣιѼÿգд󳵴ׯڳȥȥׯԲʳƺͼݣЩ¥֪ǹׯȻܣǮ㲻
ׯһճҲиǧӣ㹻ׯһˡ
ׯ󣬱һ䵥ÿտԴ֪͸ߣҪľǽʳûоũɣ֣ССƶũҳСڼֵׯ˶ܣסҲֲ˼
ǸƵкֻδ˵𣬵Ҳܿ챻ϳǴһɢˣĴЩ㹤żȻһ棬ΪˣƣССǡòڣ£ûֳЩ
ȥָժȲϣظſں˵С߻װģţ·Ҳһ˫ۿˣһɺľҪˡ
ҹǱץһѡ
Σظӣɤкɫ棬ϻһô
ڲ˸졣
Сִдӣϴƽնദ˵ĵطһ˵ĿͿʼ仯
һ˼ʱ򣬺ͷĶڴ
Ѵж棬жͰֹжͣ˵ģ٣ǰġ
żȻԣǸкͷһ٣Сִ壬ʵ˿ڶ
֪üͷö˶˵ȥЩǷʲôı֪
ҾǿƯĹﱻණۡЦ͸ϧ񡣡
Դһϲӣ
ƲƲ죬˫ָԺ˸ʵմЦ⣺ͦõģׯ˶ϲ
ϧ⡭ضҪطִ硭΢ЦҵǺʶڹƮ㣬ǲ֪ܳŶáϣຣ
梡֪ˡ̾㲻ŮӶһ
ׯסգҲǰסҪˢǽڣݽǣڼʲũ߶ϴˢɹͷϰͷССƣ̧̧ˮأæòɿǰһ֮أһһݻ
һ̧ͷڷϷƬݶ֦
˲ԸغӴ˵ҪȰ֧ȥҲ梵Ļÿպ𲻹ͷ֮Ż˵ľ£黨ͷͷմźҲǺˣֲ԰ʽȻͬסȥ
ЦгֳһڰۣԼ°ͣӡ
û¡Ҳ΢ЦСЩ
ͻȻҵţׯȤ
Ҳûʲô˼Աߣ񼻹δĪ붺ŪմɫСӡ
ĳ棬ڳ·˶٣ŵԵһæܿ
죬һЦŰѳӽ˼Ȧ
СվͷǣɹϸɴƥʱڸŻȮܣڷİɴϸϸüͷһշյɫסŹЦ
Ҳ𣬳ССߣŰߣĸһȥ¢֣һ˹ڴ£ͶһƳ
һƳССƣȴһԵһ⼣ҹ˯ţ´ˮ
Щ飬Ǳܡ
鰮ݹŮӣͶ֮䣬ǵСӲ跹˼
Ŵ޺֮ҪССؼסȥׯãҽߵ̫ܾû׮鷳
˼ǱȲ裬Щҳ̾ׯ֪Ѿס߰࡭
˵ɷʱŶʮ꣬ᣬʵҪޣҲǺܺõѡΪҪׯ徻գ֪
Ϊչ˲߶壬ڼУǲڣҸ벻˵̾ҾʹׯⱲӡ
ûպҪôӣ
룬򴽣ֻӹúЩ˸ȷʲôĶȥԣ봩Ҳܴ𡣡
΢Цò װʳѡ
ףҲҪۣսսܹʮ꣬ʮƽ⣬СʩҶС㣬һ紵ݶͺ±Ҵ
˶ǰúףھúѡ
ӻᡭŶʮꡭԺҲܹһȥɡʲô㡭
뿪ʩҵʱֻҪԼĽѣδϸ´Ժ󣺡ֻƾԼúûţԺһ˻ôǶԺ顭ûд
ǸرĹǱġЩͻģҪǣִ֣һⶨԸı䡣
˿ĿдŵŮҪһѵ飬޷ɷ򣬻塭
Ҳ
˼ͷҲ˻Ʋ˵һЩճ¡
صԼУգСִǺܺõģũУ︾ǳһĲ֯£ʱҲ۵һĥ幤˵ơ
Ҳ鷳
Ǹк֪ģӴﲻˣзԷﴫ˵ĴҹӣСеʱܿİ˹ǰ··ϣϵĿҲСҹ˯Щ㷲ŴҪζס
òСִμģʩĥƽ⣬ʶҲ࣬ʩЩúܺá
˶̽
һòּŮˣҪγȥ
Ҫ˵治ˣиŮܰ
СִԶ볾紾ӣǴڴ˿һ֮þõסȥ
˵ЩĿԣȴսꡣ
£м࣬Ͼ࣬Ҽһ߶Ҳ࣬ǰŪǷǣµʱ򣬵պȾƾ۶ģҺġ
õԼȥСȥֱӣֻڼұŲ


85 
ׯżæɱ򣬷ȸСִĴ񣬴лһչˣСҲȥ˿
ﷹ˶СţԵüʵСǰ⣬ǹ⣺ӣǿҮ
С˵ˮǰļÿĸ׻мƬһ˷ʳӵˮǼĴӡ
ڽкܶ롢̳㡢գܽ˱⣬˵ܶͷ⡣
ơ͡˽ǴжǮĻһʱ룬ãʶ壬ζãŮ϶̫ÿʩϷ˶Եúܾˡ
ѾʩϷˣʩҵ꣬˵Ĺϵ£ϺͺԽ䵭
ʩϷǰֻһûԣ˫ǷƵѾûЩȰĹԣƣָп
ĸ˼ڡ
ʩҡûûкͷЩĥ˵ļ㹷飬û췭ظʩһһ覵ĳʩϷЩʱա
ôʩҵĺôԼĸһ֮ʱ򣬻ˮһҪˣڶҪӡ
ҲαƵˡ
ΣϣԼߵİһ㡣
СڳæµСư죬۰ͰͿŰϵ⣬˼ѣҲȥæ
һ⣬Сʱ˽ЩСѾ߳ԵĶǻͿʣµĲиˣÿ궬죬¯ϣò⣬Сƴ⣬䣬ͺһϣڶˮȥʱܻһ룬˵ĵģȥ˽ӹúã˶⽭ļ䣬ҲûģϾʱ԰ԹһԣҲɹϲʩϲ
Ҳ¯ѣڶƿһţ˱ǣŮЬӴ㰡
һۣˣϵ࣬δ
˶ϲ
ƣׯЩռĹ𻨣һ㽷񡢺ަ˼룬ʰøɾ軨׷С͵ׯȥлˡ
ƽز̫մȣѵһζȻҲغ͹Ҳϲ͹л˳һ
£ִᣬСׯӶ֣ҲлСЩСǵһͽ˵˰գ˶ʮС飬Ĳѣڻ¯һϣڶССƿӣȥ
һҲ׬˲ǮԳţȥ˵㶫һҡ
˼ѵţҲдׯںȲ裬˵˸ȥҲЦ˼Ǻɣ϶ϷˣˮȵÿڵȵǺá
ĴҲ֪СҶˡЦһҲ׬˶ӡ
ЩɬóƷҲԶЩȻ֪ȱôҵһСС⡣
˼ıͲСˣСУЩ㾫£۵ĶԼĪҲҪӣЦʲô׬Ӷлô
ллһҵչˡɫûзԮ֣δܹȥ
вӾҪڣѾڴң׼ؽмϸֻǳٳδ˺˿ڲ裺ϾڣӲٰᵽׯסӰɣض⼸վҪؽȥҲҪŲ߶عȥסգׯû˿أͷǾòҲиϼա
Ҷڼ߶Ҳ࣬ҹǶĲ£ǾͲˡ
˵˼Ҳ࣬Цҵ˶ҵĺãʵǸм㣬Ϊ
˿һۣ֮ͣͬŮӣȻҪ໥ЩӲطϡ
Ҳǰ˵յˣɫǸѧˣһʷˣŮλ
иַ֣ɷ۰ϧǾڼңΪŮޡǾڷ׾ѿ˼Ѱһۣ֣֮ͬͬ̾ǺͿ壬ƭԵ׹£󲻵ա
ΪŮӣöׯࡣɫƵһ⽭ж̻Ů˴һʼΪòϴ˵㿴ĸﲻ鱦ǳڴˣԸʶ䣬ҲѲңǶҪϴЩܱȫ
Ƿˡׯڡһ𣿡
֣ҲǲףҲܾ㣬Ȱ㣬º飬ׯһִģڴ˶գԶţҲң㲻Ҳϲׯô
ӵСִ壬ׯƷ¸߽ˣѡ
úܿ졣
һնѩإգëѩͻȻʹƮƮ
ѩ˵Сִũ˶ͣЪǺǵĻҼһ֡
缸վͻ˽ȥǰǣӣټ
ټ
ҪŹ߻عȥһȥׯСסȻСѾͷڴסûƴǣССסׯ
⽭ѩһһҹȻͣסιպůչƲ
ػӶһѩͣЪ˰£ѩŰңǵأûͣµ˼
ͷ캮ضڣȴů紺ݺݺ࣬黷ơ
ֻϲŶգ壬Ʈѩȥش˺˯еĽ
ϲͣȥԼãöˡ
ʩҵӹ̫¼ˡ
ǵֻ֮ĴǣһҪڼҰĶ飬һύҲ࣬ÿնзÿͣͻȻ粼޸Ҳһض࣬ӻûϢͷҲЩżÿѰЩȥ粼СסԼŮ
粸һ𣬽Щӱ˲٣գӭˣЪϢͻȻͲԴ˵ϲ
ҲзȻǻϲָһӣһ⣬ЩίҪǣӵʱҲ̤Ͻ֮·˰ɣ⺢Ҳ̫ʱˡ
ЩЦĶӣǿô죬ѵô
ȻҪһָŵ״ԪءҪдȥߴ硣
Ҳ֪ĶŸҲ֪δ΢̾
߰պʩյţЩٹңһֱֽԣҲЩ£ֱӲ𿪣һ粣һϲġ
Ա˼֮£βǷϢ
ڵյùȵƺԣѬŨиɫ׸ǰɫɫϵٵģģһŻӡ
˼üͷЦʣʩüͷп£
ǣϲŻЦһаãҪΪˡ
ǿҪһףʩ֡壬ѣ飬顣
ʮ꿪ʼӦȾƣ۹¶٣ɫֻԽȣβüԽ죬Ц칫ӡ
һ־Ʊϣƴ͸ػ棬羵Ҷڱ汻ξӹ;Ű鳣һű棬Ͱˮ
ΪһֱҲˣֱڣӽȥһѾѰ˸룬ꡢ򽭡ܡݡǲǻţţǵںδ
⽭
ԺͻȻų֡
Ϊûȥ⽭ҹ
ֻܿ⽭
Ϊ⽭ӲԸȥĵط޿ٻص⽭ȥ
ûʲô޿ܡ
޿뿪ȴߵĺܼ
ʩɫֱӴŲҴңָʹȥʹ˳ˣȥһ⽭
⽭ͷѬů֮꣬˼ֽС⡣
ʢңΪŮޣϲ£˳°ģʮδׯȥ
Ǵ壬ü˼ңССʮˣӶ⼸ؼæòɿʹƣػش
ŷСͽȥˣ˵Ůȡ
ݲУһյߣֱסȥԵ飬ŷСֽͯͨһΡ
ǰǰһʱڳΪļҵصŮ죬ǰͷȥȴӰ
ŷһű˿գЦ
⽭ʮ̺𦣬ӣࡣ
ˣȥ⽭ϵһˣ߲ݣұ⽭С硣
СʱƬ˽ӣǼķϵ֣ܲĵطСִ塣
մѹֿʼæµũˣ徻ͨСִӿһȺ˺ͺū
ݿݵˣضӣĺ޼ɵ˽ȥ
һӦȫѾڡ
˴ŹߴҴҸϻׯӭģһˡ
ǸʵĹ¡
Ǹˡ
أһ˫纮ҹǳ۶ˣݱúܽιңʧصıԵ
˵ӣüϲǰˣˡ
ȥĶˣʩŭҪׯʲôʱߵģȥĶˣ
˲һɺǹ˲ʵʣҲ䵭˭ôҼׯ԰滹ţӺʲôϵ̽ʲô
ͻȻЦ鼫䣬ˣһһ䣬ѹңһ飬أ
Ϳͣ˽ׯ԰룬ȥ
ʩĲͷֱºū˿ϡ
ⳡЩˣׯڶŮͣ˺ҰˣĿ¶ŭ𣺡ӷ
˵ǱģҵŮˣҹʸ̽䣿
ׯֵССƣ뿪ׯ뿪Сִ塣
ȥͬ˵һֱüűлշ⣬˵Լ뿪û˵ҪȥĶ˵пգٻׯлˡ
ԼĪա
ʩֻܲ鵽ʢӻЩͭǮ˼õĶ죬ԼƷһʹ̫Եһӵ˴
غ˺ܾãңûмŮӡ
ʩصСִ壬Ǽ˺ܾá
ڴ˵ش꣬Ҳꡣ
˺ܶıĻƣҲｻദҲܹźί
ʼղףΪʲôҪ뿪ԸӣҪ
Сִ壬ֻ˶̶̼ա
ߵʱʩˣɧǸкϵǰŴǵ棬Щˣ˳ñˣһϢ
Сִ˼ǵﳤȥȥʱĿ⣬ذ׵У𼫺
Ǹµк̧ؼҼգ㲡ˡ
б٣ȴ֮òӵİΣй˹ϵȥʣܾú֪Ǹ˵ֽʩӡûѪ׵һá
شӽʱ򣬵֪£˶סĬĬ˺üա
ʩĹϵֻ˵뿪Сִ壬ǸѰ֪˴˺Ρ
º󣬴ӸصһҵΣһʩҴĶãԭһ̣·⽭ʱˮ߼񵽵һСңһ·ţ͸ԼӣȱǮ͵̻ӡ
Ӧˮߵġ
Դˣкܳܳһʱûҵټ
ƺʧȥ
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86 
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ͷվλˣ鲼ȹͷͷֻɫưɫڣֻۣһ˫۾ڣҲԳ޷ʵʵ˴һ˫ãܵԼĪʮ꣬ŨüֳۣţŸС¯һСò߰꣬һֻСȮڴڣżƮ㣬̽ͷ磬Ҷˡ
СװкһͿĨƷۣЩȸӣɫȾڣòظ֫ڸסϴ²ȹ¸װ磬СҲķӣװѹɤжװ硣
⸱磬һǱڳУҲǶ׷顣
Сִʮ壬˳ٳٲׯԴССƣʰһЩһ֣Щȥ׵ȥͬ˸Ѿ뿪Сִ壬һߡ
ӹøЩǿһС˼ûûҹգ̫᧿ΣСִ̫Сϵ̫̻һķԷܰסŲš
ׯȻԴ߲סӣҲͬ˵Ļ
ԭҸֵĵطӣǵСʱһ̻֮أ̼Ƶ̾ۼвٸʳУҲ̫ۣССưţһӪС࣬ҲЩ
ʮӣмʩҴΣάֺܳһӣھȥĶʲô˵̫ذܣмһֽ篵֯֯篱Ƭطеģÿмķ̼ղƥϼΪ֣̫ˮǮݡһ˶ݴ篣һƬˮ½Ϊ֡
СƺСˮĺ񣬶Ժ׽ЩҲȤˮϺӪ˳Ž˵ˮԺһ壬ҲԼůˣһ˴̫ȥ
˴ûСǰ֪ʱ˻һӣͼַһϸǼʩҴΣзһĺЩӣˡ
СɥҲڰڷַɥķң˿ϴʱȥȥҲ㣬Ҵ⡭
Ʋ֣ҰοһмϣЩӡ
ǳŲҪͷ
ͼˮ߾Űվ˰Σδֱ˶ˡ
ڨǸˮҡСĸˣѮ⣬üĿƣһ˫ЦгˣžǸʵĴ
⸾˼Űǳէˮվ˰Σʣ˵Ҫȥǰͷв·ҪߣҪ¿ֲ·;羰ˮ·ͨųǺﶼȥ¿Щ
ĿƣҲ·˶ײЩ֦˿ۼͣʮͭ壬ȹ¿Щһʱδ룬СС˴ںȥ
Ӳ󣬴չůﻹ¯ů͡Ǹһҡ֣һߴˣʼ缮ַȵȣСͷ𻹵ӱ͵£ͷƣ̲ӦǸ˼ܣĿɨɨв¯ǽྻˮӺȲ衣
Ӳţ·ЩȵˮҲʼۣҲȣü΢壬ʸˣڳǻûô
ˣˡҡЦʣӲƵˣŰͶ׾һҵţ
ۡס¡
ǸЦŶһϵúЩʵ֡ɾĵۡ꣬ǮҲһҹֻüʮǮͷЩԵۿ͵µҪõĶ࣬С⣬ȥ
ΪЩƫƧۡͷеҲҪʡŻΪ⣬ͷ͡
СںӲ˸䣬ҡ֣ǰͻȻһƬˮ¥ذܼ˳ˮϴµˮڴ̸˵չֺӵ⸾ּŴһ徻խӣӰذЩ¾ɣš
ҡĸ˽ҡ֣Сˮǰȥ
ͷ֣
ǰͷһ˵ӣӰƣڴﳯˮۣٿȻ
Ȼһ
һĹӣרչŮ̻֮أ˼檣Ķ׺͵ĸŮｫŮƭĳסһתֳȥӡ
СʱЩ
ˣˡǰͷǸ˻ףǼʮϵ꣬˶ʶõĺӡ
ۡƶδңһƵĽᦡ
ϸ
ӣӡȲͶ꣬һЩҪ졭 סˣǼ˼ꤣռǰͷʳ¥зˣЩˣȳԵ㶫ӡͳһӣֺǴ󷽣Ǵز죬ڴϵţͷӰæȥŪˮ
ǰͷˮʯϣ̽ĿˣݱɷǣŲǣͷҡĸ˼ˣһС磬ˡӦһͿ絽ͷҲЦӯӯģסأǹСѾͷ˵ضӣֻ˼ͷһϸѾ͵˴˴ҲҪͷӴȥȡٻͶ͵ꡣ
Ǹ˵ϸ˵仰һ˫Լ˸Ҿ˵ŤתͷЦۡС磬˼ãҪȡһã²ǲϰȥˡ
ļ࣬ͷһ㣬ֻõͷ
ӹ˺ӵִ˵һٳʳ˵ϰȥԣǴﻹڴżˣͳ˿Ц䣬ϰŴȾůůӡ
ᣬˮһ̾Ǿ̽ȥ˵
յСļ򣬼˵˾仰һ
Ʋͣһ£븾˺һգţǸˣ߰˰ЩԼ¿࣬ǰ㣬һͨθĳǴᣬҲȰһʱȡ
궫˶Ҫȥδȡ
ЦҲǲסһд˵طͷڰ
СⷭǷⲻڵţȻϻĵڣɫ𾪣ݺС񣺡ӣأ
СãӡӲ֪
վڴѵС˲˵ǳ⣬ǵð˲Ŀ
ĪվȽˣ˵סҡ
ǡǲСĶ´ĵطڿʹһšСӱˣȥҡ
һĴȣˣ´ʱۣˮ˻ᣬȻǴŴŴȥ
˺˶һۣ˸Сһˡ
֧֧᣺ǲ̫㣬խŮб𡭡λС硭һǻٻȥȡա
ֹԾ˴ЦǾͻͷȥӻ
Сˮȥ
ͷ亹ڴں͸һ·˵Цڳһɢҵ
еļ죬ˮ·Ҳͬתӵ͵⣬һˣСһƺһִҪһȾůůӡ
Ĭ˽һǲĸ˰ײˮǸ˰һˮ£æǸ˴
Ǹ䣬ɫֲ࣬÷Ӱȡˬͼˣһ£һͷһݽӣǰְ˽ţýġ
ﻹδ֪һϣ˲СҶ˻󺰣ô
ڲհϣʹᣬһֻ֣ȥ죬СƱŸ˵ſ죬Ǹʹһ˵ײһţʹðǣ죬СҡҡλΣҶСᣬͷһͰƵĸ˫ʵʵͼڣѸѹſڵϡ
䣬˶ðȫȺŸˣץѺôƷ
ôû⵵£°ͶǸ˿һ飬ڶ֮Ǵʹ֪Լ߱ײһƤ
ǸͷӲйʪڣǮͷһССҩƿöΡ
ֻҩ۽һﵹСѴݵȥ
ҩЩǻ֮ҩ֪Ǳ
Żˣйǹӣˮ·ԣЩĸ棬дؿͣƫƧҩԻ裬͵ڵ꣬˴׬Щӡ
ӣҷˣҲ㣬ЩӡǸﶥŶ֧ᣬﳣסҪ֪Щ˲ǡ
Цһҵǿ԰ˣֻǲ֪Ҫȥʲô
⸾ʵԭҪŮȥ檣в̿ͣڴԢһأҪȢңպȥٰһת⸾һһŮ׬ʮϲʮҵḾˣŪϣٰ㿽вŮȥ󣬸߿౻˻أͷأƵŮӲ
мĲ̣Ѱ˽檹ӣҪòЩźϯӼò毺ãˣʴ⡣
һϵǼӣʲʳòˣҲ޷ˡ
ϸҵԢССƽѰʵʵס죬Ѵڵþ˴ͷβӲһε«έԼӵǮֻ˰
ڵϲ˰¿ֱߵ˼ȥţ̼￪һƣǸòٸ˵Ǹ˵Ļ檡
Ǹ̼˵ͷͷǵǸ˵һһ˵ˣ˵ǼջǿӣܶԵϣ˵м°ſڣҪʮӣвٴɣԸͰս
ּ˵δϴҪղշȰ᷿ŮźϴԡŮӵü˳ۣ˵ǹϸϸʱ̶˲ˮ
ǲˮŰƿɺҩ˯һһҹ˰ҹ᷿ϸ˸飬ﵽǸ﷭䵹ʱϴ߰ѣϸǮӶȹڣһӣͨŮҡ˳ȥ
ССƲ«έǵһҹѰ𲻼òεһĲŷϲѡ
Ǹ˱һҹֻ׼ĵ£綳ôɫϣг޽ۿˣֽһͰˮϣǸ˱ɫףתѣһҪʹȥ
ˣ๼ҸðӵˮιϺȥ
ϵӲʵҲҾǻ̿ڰײд˸˹ʣڸϣС˽ӵ·ϣŴȥ
Զ̫һ
ҪԶһЩǱǾ鷳ˡ
Ǹһʧԣŭǻӵ鷳ǻӶͬڵѰˣּ£Ÿ˱·ϽãһʱŻʣ֮زز
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ȵʩѰһ׮ͿҲû뵽ܸϹϵ
һߣߵٽɽ
ƭϹȻ֪ĴҪ
ЩͷӸѹģϴӸ̼͵Ľϸ𶼵ȥӣŽˣ΢ЦܶǮ
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ɽʢ޲ڴ˵ˣӴܹֻԽԽ٣ɽ޲һֻʰ崬вգֱʡ
ֱ֮⣬ýֺĵطǾǮˡ
Ǯǿɱȼĵطȥ궼ԵǾȥǮհɡ
ɽǮÿնпʹǮɽ޲ڲƽ۳ֳۣܿȥת־˽Ʊ
δ׬ĵһʴǮһɹƭ
ζʵҲģԼҵҵһֱԵĿС
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ˣˮˡ
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סŵģģ̾УССʦŮţһḾ˻УҲù죬ദڣЩˣÿհҹ¥µĲʳţҹˣ첻д̴죬̯ᣬܵ˵ģǵϷľǽ
һЩ𷴶˯ĸһЩСִּžӣҹ¡
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Сĳյ˵غ֮ء
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æСƣʱŽ㣬ʱžղ֪ʲôȥãС˶ææµµģ׬ǮţӴû⡣
á־ʱ򣬴Ҷӹü죬ŵǵĹӻ㣬ŻȻع
ָһ㣬뿪Сִ壬Ѿأ뿪Ѿһˡ
ǰס⽭ʱ𽭶ܹ˶ģڣͻȻ˵𽭶ﵹ˶˵䡣
ϣ֪Щ
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·ʱ˸޳ѵţʮͷ䣬Ųˮһ˫޳档
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ߵʱͲٻͷ
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87 
԰˺ȥصšҵĹϵȣһļױ׼׵ԲӭȢţżҵĵλϱ
գʩӽһʷϲŷµģĳȴԲ֪͵͵ں᷿
Ҳʵû뵽󶵶תתԵԲϣЩĸ׵ľϸǶװ˷ˣһʱúЦ줚[
»֮ҹԲƿͷһ绨Ц̣˾䣺Բ硣
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ҹҲ¶ˡ
ճŷߵѪӣߵЦϲȥǰԺŷˡ
ԲҪ׼µĴǣ»֮󲢲ڽס۱ϱֱھѧ£кھǶЩϵǰȥһ
»¾Ҫñ԰ŷҲ£Сڼסһº󣬾͵԰ȥЩӡ
Ǳãֳ沣ϼףǰ£ԲĻ£żææ⣬Ҳ鲻ճţŹϵ䲻ȣڼҴҲ£ҡĸȥ
ҸɩĸҲǱˣǰ˳һҪֵĵزСȴ֮£ֽżңؼҶԶҲмŴҲȰżԽԽã˺úõģպкӹˣСŮӡ
ҶȻǲǺ룬ɩɩͷųŮҪ޵ģûؼңٸһź±ǣһ䣬ء
Ҳĸ׺͸ǰԼŵ£ÿֻĸ˵仰żȥ
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Է󺹣Ȧס֫Ūˮϴߣ
ˣﻹšϵĺҲζմȾϣǰ˶㣬ԹԷԶЩ
ûлػȴ󣬰ʣŷˡ԰ȥ㣬ûˣָŻȥźţ
ɷ򡣡ͷ﷢Цź㣬ź
ôϵ㣬ЩӲͲá
˵ɡȥͷҲңĸִѦɩȥˣ̧һۣЩԷǲǲУ
Է֣üͷô㣿
ѣʩʩȻţĪܡ
Էסȱһӣ
ˡͷֻ㣬̹¶Ž˶ţԷ͵飬ĺӣҰ֣Ҫ
Ҳѩءӣ뿪ţ޸ңǹģնزء
ҺһֻͼֻΪɷûͼһ˿һûҪ޸㡣ɫǷ޸ǢĸϲϱѦɩʲôҪ
ԷüͷȥıӰվ˰Σһ
չճڣδȶӣһˡ
ɩԲڻɬ
ֽסԲĿ峺ǿһЦô
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Ŷɩĳ˼գͣסžͳڣֻšԲǰҲֻͷšɩɩͷʲô
СӿЦ
ޱߵĺ黹δģŻȥúϴϴϺڣڻпԷµһۼ
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ͷʲôԲЩ
һˡ̾˿Բ̹ףΪ˱ˣҹ˸и֮ÿһһΣñײ
ɩԲɫЩҰף㡭ǶԲ㡭
ĸԸסĻԲҲǸˣҲǸŮˣԲңҲԲ˳ƽˡ
ɩ棬ű˴ˣĿ⡣
һֱضɩԲѴ
µĽ⽥Ũ
ԲͿѧ۱ֱʡޣ԰˶ؼңδຮʶԲͻĸ飬ѧҲǶŮٶǧᣬ
δڼĲ£Ⱥӳٴңȵµף˳һӤؼҸˣȡΪͤ
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粼ʩͷ³ĺӱ¾˾ˣʩĺӣ΢΢һЦЩФá
Ժûʲôϲ֮飬ᶺŪ߻ֻһۣ˺ܷļ
û磬ʩʵǸˣʩˣֻϲڣǸСӣڼж飬精ЩįܻüǰҶĸﳳֵӡĸ֮Ը֣ȫȻǵǸֲá
ûлؽҪãʩɣкܾûкʹú˵
ȥʩǨʱ˻ֽˣʩʱ鼫䣬Ҳ粰㲻̡Ͼôãͷ硣
հɡͷյĳĲҶƽֻǳջһˣӵ
粶ʩͷЩ˵
ǰѾԽԽȥǽӣǱԵʣǸȫȻ˹ġĴ磬Ĳˮһʸֻ磬Ͷ㿴º䵭룬˵˼ͷ
粼ǰʱ򣬾ǰҪȫЩȻţٶȺͣ崺硣
Ϣֲ֪οڣ񶼲Ͷ֮ǵ顣
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ʩĮ֮ǰһֱԸʲôʱҪãػдŶţ
죺ʱҺͶһסӣǡ
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粿ֻĻţûжһϢôô
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ѾϴɫûҲȴŮ壬鶯ʻ
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׶ҲЩ΢ʣƽ̹ͷװ˸򿴹ȷˡ
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ڵȵһ졣
ᣵʹʽڣ˺ŮӵĵЦͷһ㣬˹Ŷӣҵһ ýѡ
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ȥɣź֧ʹ£ԼһˮӽˮУšƣȥ
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˸ȴЩ£ųڷŶͷҲЩԳֻǻػŮź˯ŮתͷҲЩӡ
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Ͷͭ裬ֻվڴǰЦţ֪Ҷˡ
Լƽ̹ĶӣЦúܲãµУϲ㣬Ҫˡ
ŵɫģ˵ȻδعЦһƬ֮󣬲ĴӴɫѿֺϣ˫Ŀɣ㡭
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꣬С㡣£ٴ㣬Ͱѵɩ˶ˣǶЦ
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ż¸Բдǰ;һ˶ָϢı㣬ڹϣֳȥҲһЦ֣ŵڡŵżңǺôһ׮ҳء
ɫƿڴöҪЮңڲҰ֣ΰɡ
ԼվżѾˣҺ飬Ҵߡ
ŵɫЦȥֵʱ˽º˵ȰԲȢֻҪҪżҾ͵Һ飬ҹҡΪ޾ɺãʵֻǵţҪһա
ңû֪⺢ӲżҵģţֻһҪҪӣǺӵĸסŶӣһŮʲôӣ㶼ҪŹӡ
֮㻹ȢһԲǵУˮǴߣȢһõӣ˵ﻹɼ檣ֶΪңһ꣬Ը񲻺ϵǰޣһŮǼûаֵӰ죬һ׮˵ǲǡ
ȷԸܻõġ
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ҲˣɡôһۣĽ֣Ƕá
żҵĶϱˣŷ˵ϲǮϲ̵ˡ
ҶأżȻˣ˺ЩƷ԰˺Ҳϲʤϲżңǰտ㣬Ҳ˲ٶ
ŴӾһֱſԷ˵УԷá
뾡취˸ȥżңʱСѣͷ߳һЦԭǿ磬԰ͤ𣿡
ֱԼԼ΢΢¡С᣺һˡ
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ҷġЦȻ˭ģ
ֻһ仰㻳ϵǸ˯˺ЩΡξƶŵġ
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ҺͬѾܾˡ΢ЦϾޣҺӻء
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Ҳмңӻڼҵ㣬ȻԲסҲΪޣϣȥúô
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˺ӣҲޣԺԼ£żһԲܰһѡ
ӣҸͷ˺ȥסţȺЩµ强Ǯһ䷿ӣͺ顣
ˣֱ׳ػ
ٺúûһΡ


88 
ǰϾʱҲĹѬ㴮֮࣬ǮţŮ٣ϳ֮࣬ĥһͨȥЩõ屡ɡ㡢޽ơɶ޿֮࣬ƳһۣԼģͷķӣĵã³ǹ𻨿С˲ɹ𻨣ãЩ㴮
Щ˼ҶۣдᣬдɽһֱڵɽţСС֧С̯ӣЩȴ֮ࡢһȺװŮӴӵϲ˲پߣǸü۵ŮӣԺÿ¶㴮ű
ţ֪ȺġŮУ顱ЩƽնסڻһȺ飬ЩŮӶЩ黭һͬīʫͣǸԶҲɺʹٹ˵գͻ֡
ǲͭҲĨŶעĿͷ¶ĸ治٣Ҳ壬󷽷Ӧһˡ
űвپɷᣬˮ߻ۼסĻﲻ٣շԸŮӽй֥֥мвŻһλȥ֮⣬Ҳ˳ĸľӺȥ٣˳ûϵľ²лרһˣ´ͻЩȤС⣬ǼһԸҲվһһᡣ
Ǽʵ̾һ֪æµҲǸˣҲôȤշҲŻӴЩ鼮֮࣬һȥ
ս̣ҹǮĶղ䣬ż³ѩһɫѣṲ̊ѩ÷˾ƽջЩССȥůֵƤãСů¯ѩֽȣգ׬ǮʹŽȥʳڵĹӡ
һ߳Ŷһ߿ѩҪһ߶űԹô࣬ûһռ٣ʲôʱЪһգһ
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ֻûй̶棬ǿС̯ۣȣȻʽÿ½ɫ㣬ͷͭоӻ֣Щ۵͵ľ׹óۣʱҼһæµûռпֲͣȥ˼ҶۣϵµףϻкЩʵĽûȥֻԺ뷨ӡ
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ƳʦʲôʱӷתͶ£Եˣʦתýˡ
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ڶЦ𣬡ƽ˵ãô
ʮ¥µĲˮڹЪҵһʰһȥŵĶҲꡣ
ϵӴ붼ˣģֻЩǹӹ֮࣬˰Ǯȥ¥ЩƲ˻ССƣĸˣһ˶ٷʢҹ
ҲһӾƣЩȻ¥ȥЪ
ɽλʱŷϻĨŷۣˮϴϵĸ۶ϴȥ¶һ˫üۣϾѩͺĴ
̻ڵⲽǰշѤãǻ䡣
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ذĵƻΪ֣ҹдӶһֱչ̣ĸ˶֣ŲȥСӪ׬Ǯ
Щڵĸ֮࣬ˣͳ͵ҹȥů굱ֺɡ
йڣ֪С²ߣӾʹ
׬ǮĲ𣬶ӳԹ࣬ӻŮ
һӦӰһֱҹɲ½ŹǷ֪ůȡٿ㣬ﶼڣ˵˵˯š
ҹ˽٣Ҷ̯֧¿һȥ
·ϻˣŵȵ㵸߸衣
¥²ˮ̷˼˶ֽ˹Բ˼ꤵĶǸ
۽꣬ŹǷ¥ȥ˯
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ֻҪͣӿ׬˻ᴬˮſκ˳ЩЩˮĺɻ
õģרͶ۵ϡ
ĵǮ̾
ǮǺöǰڼԲֻҪ־Ǯ׬СҲ̾ҹ§Ǯ˯ζ㡣
ǰ
СЦҺõ𣿡
ȻԡЩ죬Щˣ˽ƣƲЩҰǵÿҵŮ
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СӴͳʮӣЦҸʮô
Ź⣬Цʣ㵽׬˶ٰ
СֱȻһһ㡭
ġ׬ǮСְ
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ɴ۾С죬ŤŤ壺һҲûˣС߳˺ܺã㡭
Сߴ꣬Ҳʮ꣬ǻŮ
ɳůѾ˯ԧ˰
ĿɿڴҲЩͣϲ
СһЦ˵
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֪Сţߺ죬ڵŤŤȥҶ֪ġ
кܶױҪ׼ءЦӯӯվǰʮСļױǮ
ʢģĺҶ̣Ǻɻ
δ֮䣬ʤѩͷŮһںҶ衣
أء
˺֣ܣһ
һںˮŮӣˮУһ˫ֳͷͷϻͷƬƬɻꡣ
Щɻ
ŮӰˮһ꣬ϵ֬ۺͷɹϴ¶һѩ׵ű۷СۣͷʪվͷЦģأþòѾϲô
ˡ
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ûЦݣûЦҲûһװ硣
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šӣ
ҡ𶶶ϵʪ£Цӯӯģɿ죬ɣҾȻ㡣
վЦҫһ۷ô


89 
ͤͤɳ̽СԹϣ϶źɻ꣬غظ硣
ССơ
ҺССƴ⽭һֱǮţ벻ˮһů;͵ΣϺźЦ̫ȣˮöˮˣҲˮժЩ۾Сõʳȥ
˺͹߻ôСִ廹ôǺþò
ȫ־ģ䣬ᣬ壬Цʱü۶ģԭһ΢ԲЦ̣ˣġ
ؿԲ΢ϣ米չʻһͤͤĺɣ
ǮˡǼ⣬ֿЦҼиСǮһǮտߵӣãδ
Ҳжʮ꣬һֱйˣźǳ˺ЩأֲͷؽǮ⽭ͷܣżһѧӪ
û뵽ɣȻϹˡ
Ȼط꣬ȻҪһ꣬ССƽˬٳʱصĿԼϣȻЦŷЩ
˴أһ¥ͷиʮӭЦһȥСеʣɹɹȲȣ
ؼԼգգָۣ˽ܣСѣ˼֣Сͺˡ
ССȥ˺СưشȥżԼȥƹҪҪˮʵδģſնòСһЩͷ˿
˲֪뿪⽭Сִׯҹˣֹ¡
ǻȻԵõعԼӡ
ػصСִ壬ӴǺ˵ľֵúܲССִĴǿǰֻҪ˵Щ£ܵõһǮҶ˵ԭ˽ӳķ׷̣ǲưոݡׯͷ˺üգصķһֲᡣ
Сһż䣬С裬˳˲㣬˾£ϯҲЦ̣ϡСִׯ飬֪һжã԰Ҳʽü˴⽭һ·٣ʡȥ̫ǶΣϸ˵ЩǮæµӣΪʲôȤ¡
۾йâŷۣҲڲס˫̵ĺΡ
ȥԳ࣬ģӢЦ⣬оֹǸŲݵƣˣЦӯӯͬü˵ﻰⶼȤһ¶渵ȴûжἰʩСִ֮¡
ٱ֮ǰԢҪȥ̽Цסĵطƫխ˶ӣѰң¥С˵һͿɣÿҪͶ˵عҪٻһ⽭ҪЩ˺͹ߡ
뿪⽭ʱδͬ˵ܹ˵ĶݣǮЩֺŵ֬ˮۡκķһ࣬һлˡ
ػ⽭ûи֪ż֮£͵Щ˼ңȴſ
ﻹ⣬˵δǸˣΪʲôҪӶ㣬ʲôڲȴӼ֪Ǹˡż£ﻰ޲ǸпҲ˳ȥȴӲ˵䡣
ֻ֮صǮ糾´ѣֱÿżҵţЦĶŲüɫ裬֣ҴЩ͸ӣׯԲģ֪ӻϲϲ
ŵǣٿǰӢˣɻһξͻǮˡ˺ô
Ѿˣ£ͻ𼱻ǰҺˬЦ梼ӵţϲã֪һǮ໰ҪתӣҲٶһתӡ
ۣһЩȣҿ¥¾ǲˮ̣Ӻȱô˵
áȻԡȲ衭
ڼѰһ˲ˮ̣ƴŶ䣬Ŀ͵һ˫ŮӲڣòΣ·ΣЦʣôȵ죬һĿһģ͵͵Ź˵
һյĳ⣬ʹǱˣʱڹ֣һˬһЦ
Ҹ˵ĶЩˡ
պأʱߣʱǽУʱҲרѰʱ͵㶫ʱСæ
ССÿμ˸߲ӭȥòúã׺ͣЦһһУֿˣмܵס̹̹ģ
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£֪ŮϵȻÿκؼ棬˶طִ磬ܾ˿һĶ䣬˵壬ңҲѲССƳȥд
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ѵܵҧúأܵһ
ЦпЩݣЦŶ㡭
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Ŷ㡣
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С̯϶ǲܵľ֮࣬˼̯һ͡
µִּ˶δɡһѶѴӵ±꣬Ҫʰ֮ء
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ذúܽȫŲһڳһ㴭ĵط
Բ֣һطֻüͣס
صĿϡ
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ԼȥӣŲŲͷԼӡ
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˿һɿڶԣԼԼ¶ֻСɵĶѩ׵ĶһССĶϣҲ«׹
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𾯾Բһ㣬ͷײͷƳͷϡ
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תСͻȻžڵϣǧˮһƬããˮˮ࣬α֮ɫããƯţþһ㡣
֮˵ҵһμŶ㡭ҹͰ߳ţȲ㣬նڼҹҾʹκ㣬ҹﱾóţ˯ŰѰ÷ȻһƳʱҾ룬ŮǺǸӡ룬ƮңҲһúӦ˵ᶺЦһЦ
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ҴСûĸף곤޺ڼһֱܼĸٺųׯҲָ֪оૣֻȱһ顭Ŷ㣬֪Լȱʲô
Ҳ֪ΪʲôƮ㣿ΪʲôտڲԼ飿Ϊʲôһֱôǳ˭˺㣿Ǹ˭
һׯߴ֣Լ˱סѪ飬СԱ˵Ϊʲôһֱô䡣
һ˲Լ̵Ѫůů㡭
ҪĻأңԣֻܰҵ㿴
áԹĴˮһԡ
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ܹһ꣬زˡ
ССȥ˵ظ緢һҹɤӶ˵ÿ
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պصǲˣЩûеǰȴһֱСС˽ʱ˻˵ظȥͷ塣ǣظ˸ԡ
ٺֵǰҲû֣󷽷Ҿӡ
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ط꣬꣬Ǹ˳ȷǵļ꣬˵ȥ겢޲ͬԺܶ˵һַⲻһ
һдǣ䣬گһʿͷŰԲ˶סͿѧף˶ͬƽʿҵżЩص̤ơ
Բҷ֣ʰֱ֮ʷھְšϲʤϲһŵҲ»ֱʵСˣæŴңҪȥԲžۡ
ͿѧڵѡԭȻؽȣ֮䣬ǡϴӼиļֱͣ˼ǧھաȻǴʩҳģȢ粣ѧȢʩȻİҰһ
ĺ£кƢԸӲãÿպų췭ظץסźڵŮ˽飬ֵŷǰŷ˹ܲסЩһ֮£Ŷӻ˸Ҵ
һŮģúͶӵֽźˣСޢޢ
ŮŲܲʣҲż˹ܣʱżҿҪ룬ŷҲˣֵҪҪӣʱԲھ˹٣żҴ⣬żҲ˼֣һҲգѳԹ£Ÿ԰ãպȢҲȢһź¡
д˺飬Ѷļױͻ˶żңСŷ˵˼ߣպ󳤴ˣٽӻżҡ
ʱ򣬺ǳЩͷҲŽãżҸɩٲ⣬ôԼӣţÿպڼŮ㲻¡
˵Ļпҡ
ºôסһδһպ죬ָԳϢԷӪԽԽãѧ;ɶ䣬ֺǺǵģһ˳ġ
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˿ĺܣһҲߣС޹ԼСӣ⼸ļҪһˡ
ÿĴ򶼿ˣðݵҲݹˣӹô˳죬Ҳеġ
ϿԷͷݣѦѩڷ㣬ɷˮϴ
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Էŵǹ̴ζסȥĽŲ
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ĸҴôԷһҩ£ոĸȥˣ
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ԷƳһۣû˵
˵ͼ
ԷͷҹԼȴ鷿Ъ
Ѧѩ黹ϣɷУŶġ
˵Ŷɩ˸ŮѦѩȥ̴ȥżͷȴ֡Ҳ֪͵ļȥ˵Ŷɩʱ˲ٿͷ׼ͣҲü
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΢΢üһȴĿڣʵ治ȥ
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֪һֱҪһӣӲǿÿ»һзӣͷѹӷѣ۵̡ΪԼҲΪҡ
ЩǰܶأҲˣͣˣȥ˶ˡ
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ܻеġ˶ԹҲĸԸҲһԷġʲôҶܣŶɩҲϲұֻӡ
ԷĿͻȻЦôû㣬ȢŵʱҸ˵ҹû˯ţһ£Ҳҵɽˮһ꣬ÿ飬ֻΪһᡭ
ס֣ƺӲָڴֳһֻ֣ԷҡҸɸ檰ɡ
ء ƣش䣬檣ﲻôοΪԼ
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˫˫ڴ£Ѧѩ̧ͷɷһۣѾ˯ȥ
˸ųһ࣬ԶߣͬΡ


90 
صʮ£ĸûлع⽭ȥߴջȥһǵǮӣҲǸף٣ʮڣǸӡ
οϻ⽭˽ˣ˵Ҫȥһ飬պٲ˼㣬ҲӦϣ˼䣬ȥˡ
ͷԸȥ۹ͳͷȥССƣвٷصĶ챦Ǯת־۳˫ݼǮҪҪһȥ
˵ȥһݣ׬һӡС˼˵磬ȥѰ𣺡ҴĸϳɵĹ»ƣСˣһҲˣﲻһֱЩӪôҪҪһȥССƣ˶֣Ҳ໥иӦ
ߵͷֻŮӶ·ȫЩ֦ڡأֿǰһϣСò⡣
ܸϻӻ㣬˵вٷ˷ϣӿȥЩŵĻӦϲӵ㡣
˵һͨһԥģЦЩܴ죬ֱͷǶһгɼôҪһһӺǲʱʱ¶ΪѣֻǸպٲ߶ӡ
Ǹģʵ̹峺һϨȥٿһԵĽˣ򴽣ɵͷǡҡֻ¸鷳
鷳鷳ɫüʰҡ
ȥҲиʮյ·̣ع͵󳵣ԼĻȫȡǮϼѶƥССƣһҹޣһ·ȥ
ڰС˵صһ˶û׼ۡ꣬õ׼һƲˣֻǷ˴ӣֻһʳƷⴼҷ˱ǡ
Ǿٶƣر̧壬Ҳıʵһȼѩչ̣Բİ˴ãüͷһ۳ˬȻһЦЦݸɾ
Ȼˡ
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ۣҲ⹴һӾȻػ춯;̧ۣȺֿ֣죬Ȼ΢Ц
ЦҲž㣬ֶˡ
ɣ°ҲѣǷ
صڶ˯ŴӴѹǵҹƺЩʲô
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ССһЦˣŷתЩ˼ҹþӼЦˣܶô
Ҳ̲ס䣺ܺõģ˰ҹÿ˶ͳǮлĳλʦĸ߳ա
üͷֵס˻һ
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ʮǴ˶Աһ⣬Ҳûң·Ҳûʲôֻ黹֣ڳϸ˼գһƳɰ
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һȰЩƥȥˣ鱦е鱴ĸһ࣬Ӫ̫ÿҲǧȥӣһǧ飬۵ʦȥֵǧֻҪϸɸɫ󣬷˻ӻһӣССһĬţ䲻һӨʣϲô
ҲһִӱǰĻҪϼ֣ʮ꣬ʩɿʱ·Ǯʱִϻһ̵ֻĺáϲΪٴϣǺ԰ʩױƺȡϣΣҲ԰
ؼ㱣һŷģ΢Цڳ񡣡
عųĽޣ˵Ǹ
Ӫ꣬ʣӣؾŽĴߣСԼܵӶһˮȻҪϣͷֻӣҲֻܻûҩ߰Ʊ˳ţҲһǧҪЩӸңʣ⼸ӣ֪˼ɣһʱմӵĹ⣬Ժ׬ӣһʷ
һǧ˵һʴĿ
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һֱδţԼУȥ䡷Լͼ壬һ̽ΪЩϣʵʵһֱæĩ
ؼ㲻æµĻ⽭
ׯҪ£иĸͣܶٲҪģ֪Ͱգתͷȥǰסӿ˼ۣˣĶˣһֱδعСִ壬ǲѾҲٻˣϢô
һֱ΢Цϣһ˵仰Ҳãӹúòá
üضˣʺ㡣
̾梵˼ΪɷôһԹżǺҲðϣܰ
̫Щ̾ض㲻Щ
ؼ梲ɿڣתȥҹߣóҵԿף˳ҹңҵһš
ʩ֡
Ϊػ⽭ڣ֪زգҪؽУֻʰҡ
ż˽ŵҩץ˼ҩġ
ʩǡû˽Ϳѧ˽Ĺ£Ҳһʩ˼С
·ʱͦظСʩҵĴţҪȥ
ʩȢޣ˷Ϊҡ
֪˶ٶ֪ľ£ɷΪ檣̬Ȳһ粴㵣ǣϷ޷޲ƽﰵذۡ
ЩסԺ鷿ʰһɫġϸˣ٬ؿڵ°ͣպΣЦüۼǷд⣺֪ģǰδģղŷóˡһǵĻò
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ֵڣɳУؽʱһӲĺңһĨۣСС᷿ѵСһɻҷѬͷǡ
أòŻع񣬡㡭ôˣ
梲ССƶǮǻ⽭ڡЦǰ
ǸġһЩæҪ⣬ʵ߲
޷ǮҲһģȥź梽͡ǰЩʲô
ǰڼҵʱ򡭡żҲԼ㣬ЩȤС⣬ѩȣɴ֮࣬Һͻ˵Ƕϲ뿴ҰЩЩ
صͷ˵䣬ͷ㰸ĬĬš
ôڡ
δţغССһͬȥʳạ̇̄˵˽飬˵𽭶ҽʿԭ˼ңšҡ
ĽԼͻȻ˷Ϳѧ֣彩ס
λʿķմ״ʵģһҿҩҵʩңʩҲǲӪԽ󣬶һŲȥˣü˷ңԼȢ˿ʿСӣʩӪҲ׵ģ˼λĽʿء
òŻعȢ˷ȥô
ʱ÷ɿ죬ĵˡ
΢΢ޣῴһۣƹȥһӣӡ


91 
ۿĬһֳȹһַˣһ¥ȥ
Ͼɣ¥ݺЩЩɶȥ֨죬ߵúŲᣬ춼ޡ
һʱסΣվžþò᳤һ
ںͷӲõļҲ˿
ʵæգԱ˾Щ룬ǸҲЩƣ˰ͷЩŲסС¯ѬС鰲պ㣬Ŀڰϴ˸
һƣˮƽĽ絶ϱߴ壬ɫĳڷзɣ̽һֻ޳Ư֣ȥߵŮӵǴ
ŮӺ£ñ¶һգڷѩǡӣл硣
޽һ鷢紵Σմüβ۽ǣһָ΢Цͷ䣬ȥȥλ˵һỰ
ŮӱָһȻĶϸΣá
ɫѰԼ̺Բһ̿ůȣϽסһȺ
ڶ𣬾ЩͷؽᣬӲͨһãżеССʹȼҩȥͺãձ̿óȾ˷纮СһŨ
Ҳһ뽪һڿǽڵģ֬۲ʩһţڵĽ޺ɢ޽鷢һˮˮ
ˣҶҪˡɤ΢ƣ˵ʱűӣεЦţŲѬζżѽ
ҪҪߣʳüšҲã¾ţһ̿𡣡
ڰ֣ҶߣҶˮεö졣ЦЩҲЩ죬ż𣬰ϥͷ֧ϥǴ룬ͷŨ
ڹ꣬ʩŷͬѧһۻؽ꣬źӺͱһˣҲȥ
һؼңԴӷִҪ޸ʩ檣ͷЩ˳ɿǹЩӣȵѧֶپ˿̣ʱʱźȥҿ
ͷȻЩȻɿЩҲˣѧгϢٲԽԶԽãżˣûм˼⼸һӣƲøɾĸ׳ţҲЩӷֻϲԣ̲
Ů˵˹٣ƾòԹŻֹ޸ʩΪ檣ʩüԹ£ʩң˵˾仰һϯξͰѷߣͷҲأֱ˽Ρ
£ӲҪޣסҲֻȥʶֻһԲ˵˵ҪȥšҴСڼҡһȥ꣬ȫӦЩҲá
⻰˵ƫģм޳ȥŮӦģⲻָժŮôϣ䵭ﻹǾڽɡ
Ůǰǡ
ѧͷȻڹְֶҪڽϼ꣬ѰŵĻᣬޣϥºӶСѰط־֮࣬Ϳѧ˴λؽȥһȵůҲҪŮӵ
ع󣬷ҼҾףȢޣʵҲʩңȻˣֻĩС٣㲻Թ󡪡ʩǡþмСլҲ㺮ᣬʺССĹ֮ۡңʩլ粺ǸСļ
Ȼ£ͿѧıܻЩʩڽ꽻ѹ˽꼸ڼ࣬ʵϲ̫ͷѧܹףܲ
꣬ͿѧȥæµҲʩӣʩΣһͬʩ
ȥլһֽĺͷҲɷ衰ʩլ֣ӽ˲ȥֻĿ̻ԻֲͣЩ⻨ܣһɫʰ쵵ĽˮĥʯĵשͭǮֱֱ̳һǮ·ʩ ǴһϹĸµļլ׵ȻЩһƵϣҲϡ
дӽʩҴľͣ˳ǼģԺϣʩлҪ˵͸Ժ
߹Ժʰõ룬ԺȴʵľöģԺҲǺɨҲྻҲֻҰŮͣһ飬Ŵ˵иŮǾˣ΢ϲãԺˣȰ٣ȱʲôȥð죬һƾ⡣
˵Ժˣƾ⣬Ļŭ
һδʩӰȥʣ֪ʩѳţԭ̩ʱ䶼סڼ
Ϊæµ⣬δϸʣȼֻڼæվȽŸͻȻǰԺʩеŮʱͷҲϡ
Ϊ±ʩҷȥû뵽ʩˣ
ζȻԶ
¼˷ΨΨŵŵҲ¶Щ΢һѾı顣
ʩҴ˰£ټʩ棬żüҲһ֬۾Ǻ͸ڼ¡
Ҳ֪ʩ̩ʱ䶼סĶʩ˿ЩԭǽķԨ޴һϲǶѰ֡
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Ǻܺôʩζ걭һڽ΢ЦЩ£סˣŲͿ
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ϻմŮ͸ѪұԼҲѪǵüɫ𺣬ƮҡŮˡ顭ͺ񡭡
ͺʵ⡭һ㡭
һαװĽġ硢顢棬޿ڲĵҲһò㶯塣
αװáһ˲üĿιһơ
ӣҲ㲻ڡ
ԸͷҲϻͷ
ԹۻǰŮ̺ȫޣֻݺ
֪һŮӣһֱûͣÿµ³˻ϢɫǼȵģԽƣɫҲԽԽƽЩĮЩν
ػӵˮһʣذĻƲʽӰԲģŤѾʧȥ˱Ŀ
ʩҪսٺõӶûǮӿƽҲǶʮ
ȫҵҲֵʮ֪ӲðĿڣ̶ѪӪģȻᣬȡһ룬ӡһ֮
ˣüǰи֪ǸŵعԱãֻǼкޣɢӺ˵һꡣ
⺷ǰոȾȥТһԱҪҡ
ʩɴ·
㰡ӽס줚[˼ɲܸһ
涼δһΣôһ΢ЦԶ


92 
ⳡССķ纮գûСС˸ů͵ӣԼȥֽż
ССأҲ̤֮⣬˸þµȥǮϣǶ󣬵طҲʱڻңңһɫСǣߣССƸ߸ֽ𰣬ڲݼ䱼ߣСͷӣ쿴
˽˵֣ڰҡҡ׹Ȼһϸ߿գֻܿһƮƮٻӰ
˫£ͷֽ𰣬Цۡ
ӣż˺𣬡ֽˣӵĲҲˡ
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סͷֽ𰣬Զȥһڵ㣬ЦˣǾȥɡ
ַųߣͷ¼˿߱ʶϵһ˲žһ̧ͷ𰱻紵ƮԶȻӰӡ
Բ࿴չݣǰһվţˡ
ƽڣ۽翪Ҳ˼֣̾˿ƽͣˡ
һж䶨ˡ
ʱţһջᵭУҲ벻εΣҲνޡ
Źֽ𰣬ݼ䣬һʹس̵ĵϣһʳ˼ڵĹ֥ڵŴԲӡ
С룬Цǰӣ´ˡ
Сߣͨ
ڣСͿʮС£СֻС˼ǰӦֻӭ׵һֱδ
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ǼҵĹִڿ죬ȢֵġЦС磬óЩ
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Сôʮذ˻أСӯӯĿ⣬ɬǽ
ҲͣȥСܣ𼱱𼱣ѼܲˣżױأױܺˣȻӦ㡣
أüأأţ
һһȸϥͷСļԼţ˸ڣֵܣͬ顣
һСĻڽĩ飬ͽش֤ͣˣ°ֽӦ
д־ȻҲܺÿóǳ˵Ľ̵ػīĿרעԼ±ʣƫ׶Ц׾þӼЦ
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ҲãŪ£ֻơ΢ЦָеıʣдúѿģСʱһֱЦң˺Щ꣬һֱ̫á
ѿ𿪹д梵ţС㡣
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Һʶ֣Ű˾ſɣһʼձʡ
رסֻ˵ҳݺЦӨ߶߶ڰתǧء
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ʻȴûлӦ
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С޺ҪС׽ֻʣһˡ
˵׼ءܻᣬҲܲᣬԺ˭֪أ»׬ӱȽҪ
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ͷģֳɵߣţȻҲжӣϺʱ׷һռ۾򣬵ЩҲᶯֵ㣬ƵģԼϲġ
ȥŵĻδ𣬴˻ؼŸСǰкӡ
ǰԼҡҩһ࣬õĲҩﳣĻҩնޢɡġһ࣬صЩʵĻƷ
ʲôЦҡСƿʡ
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أɫСװϸۡ
÷أ㡢̴㡢㡢һ۵һɸԡͿĨϣס֮áȥСϻ㣬˼÷۵ͳ㣬Сԡʱԡһնɢ
ЩõģϸЩǰϵķԵģԼҲԹڵĶڿеľң飬㴮ӣϻ˵÷㡢㡢ٺҶ˺Щǲ֪ϲ⡣
һȣյǼһţôˮˣ
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ϵĻǴͷ˿廨Ьģ¯ҲһֱŵģÿֻԼȡӣÿ½ӣٲҲҪȥʮӡ
շӪÿֻһϻȥԣһ˱ضȥֿտջ
ȥִЩȥļҸ˼ңֶڶķЩֻǲ֪Ρ
ĵ˼գһüֻϵĻȡ㣬Ѭ㣬ͷлģЩԼĻϲͷǹؾص㣬ԼмӼЩƫЩЩԿɬͬƫȵҲϲ˿մȾɬϰ߼ⷿҩĵĿ԰Ļľζ
Ȼϲһ˸߲Ұ˳ȥҲƵЩһߣҲЩǮ˿߶߶Щȥ
һһ£룬ǧӣЩϣССƺ︾˰һĥģҾҲǴһһģЩµĹ򣬽׬İӡ
أǸˣлл˵ıҲҪллİæ
֪׬ǮҲܸˡذƱƴǻȥдŸңͬ˵ЩӿС̰ɡ̫խҲ㣬ӣˣҲеطþʩչӣ梺ϻı𡣡
Ҳпӵ뷨ֻЩӣҶϲô
ȻˡοЦģÿһҶϲ
ȻҪӣȽҪľ棬һ¾Сڣһ߰С£һҲҪȥ棬ЩֻЩÿմ絽ⱼ
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˫ֲںףģ梲ڣֻίҶġͷЦҲԼӪˡ
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֣٣ջһ˿죬Цʣ˻ѵô
Ȼʮһӽﵽ⽭һֱ梹ܽҵģĸ缸ҿϸˡ¿ϣһ˫Լӳȡ
ʮһҳ˰΢ЦССǺ־
ȡסѲģҵȢһ梳ޣҵ˼ӣҺǲԸСС;Щۡ
̾һƺڹȥǶȥˣԶԶģҵ۲ΪҲڡ
𳣼ЦټҲįɫɫǳԵĿ峺ȻЩ⣬¹µζ˫ۣһʱҲЩ磬֪Ȱο
ؼԼ۾أȻ΢죬ƲȥĿ⡣
ء˿鶫΢ָĻһģھͺܺá
ǿ֥ǣУĿˮԣھͺܺãоӡСҲʶ˺ܶѡҺϲӡ
ҲϲһԼУԼѣӣҪӡ
Ժ󻹻иõӡˬʴЦ
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򶫼ҽһǮʣļȥϣ˵ǮҪɷᣬѡʲһ˼ͷ⻹ҪӦСЩư裬ѶҪ׵һʱæЩŲմء
Ϊ̫æȻҲԴߣܣ¡
ȻæµϵЦݵԽԽࡣ
ӿסˣԺŵķӾҪ˵ǰͷɺã·ˢǽ棬ҪöͷֱֻҾ㣬ҲҪɺʵľǽ˵¼ҡ
Сǰʰ޳ԵСңδȥȼҾ㶼ȥ󣬾ʹŽȥɨӣüʲ
СҲһæǽ˶ͷִɨ㣬Ų´ɨӡ
ȻۣǻЦﲻϣؿ⣬¶ֻѩ׵źۺһ˫֣ͷҲȹ̣¶źɵЬͰ࣬ϻűͤͤɡ
ʹһ߲һߴ磬ϵ˵㺹飬˸ڻҵӣҲ¶һź˵
緹ȥ¥ʳУİչͷȵݵģʱůѬů˾֣ʳо͵ϣѰһüĴŵ̺һ洵һԷ
ССŷȥһ˽СҲܿطء
˺ȲֻڣЦǶĶȥˣ
ȥˮιˡָָԶȹǺ÷۴ˡ
֪δеԼ裬ʱʻŭ֮ʱżеҡɽʮֻܣ۶̺졣
¹꣬ˮҲҪͤͤˡЦˮȥźˡ
ȶʳиϥͷſŶҲ£ľɫǰӽˮôҲԵˮȥȥ
㲻ôһ⽭ʱ㲻ǳȥ÷ô
ᡣشԲӣǸѼӣ˲ˮץϺᡣ
۾⾧˫糺죺ðӦûֱӰƵˮȥ
֪ʲôЦǰҰһƵˮȥü޸ˡ
ôȤô˹Ц
һԷģҲˣմһ²ɵӣŪû˵ģϣŴִɣӵϾһݣ
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ͷЦʱҲʮ꣬СִֺУԼ¶ء
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һۣĿŲź棬˵أлл㡣
ȻһЦ
ӴɨһգͣͣЪЪҪ۶ǿãգһѼĶᵽ˴ӿž㡣
ؼȥǵͷͻ˯ȥ
ССƼڳ˯Цӳڹؼ˼ͷ̽ͷһ˯ðȣͷڳϣȴûС
࣬ȴû˳ȥЩС복ڣ˷ȣԼͷ
ǱرԷڵģԺۣƺһֱ˯ȥ
һ˯֪ʱʱǰ谵ӰϤı죬¥³죬֪ڼС
вˮе
ȥƣ͵ƣȴޣССƣæѻýô
иߴӰӣÿֻվףֵݹһֻޣӣҡССȥʳԷҵˣͷš
أԿԵӰӣԼϵѣüͷӳȥ
ͷҲֻһյ͵ƣյð밵С¯̿Ծ˵Ӱصǽϡ
صĿͶǽϣƿһͶϡ
Ŀﺬ顣
ͷ죬ʱȻܲ磬ӵϢҲЩ磬Щ꣺Ӧú˰ɣءȥɡ
šתߣֶסӶӶҪҪһȥЩǲ붯Щ
ˣҲ΢Цߴȥɡ
ûҹ
ѵõҹؼЩнվţ֪ⲻǸʱȴһʱҲߣһᣬẰŶ㡭
Ե޹ʽŶ㡣
Ľ㡭
ͷڣĻء˵ˡԡ
㲻˵ոһշ仰δͣ۾ϲ㡣
ءءЩģҲ
ҹҹﶼǽ㣬ȥ˯ţֻѹźùЩΪܿ˵
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谵ڣ۾ҲǺģҽڵʱ·һ޹˶ܳΪڡʲôݵλ䣬ŮˣˣһСӢδޣʹδȢϲ㣬Ƿ飬ֹϲ⣬ҲܲţֻҪҲϲҡһо㹻ˡ
ҸȢ¸˶Ůһ˹úܺѾޣ˰ߣׯֻңһǹһˣ⽭ҵļҡҲһˡŽ㣬߽ҡǮһȻԵõӡһֱǺܺô
ﶼǹԣôôҲôһꡭɲ԰ĴңҾߡվ˺ܾá
˵ﾡ˵İ󣺡Ŷ㡭
˰ˣ˼Ҳˡ
飺ҡйһ˰ءҺͱĹһ
غ⣺뿪ˣˣͷˡÿڽߣǸûйϵ
ûϲˣҵһϲˣȻ㾭ܶ顭飬㶼ԽҡһǸøá
ءҡͷסӵסǽڣҲԣԡ
ǰס֣㣬ҸᡭƿңҴڽߡ
㡭ԣһҲϲءȾϣĻ̲ס
ѾˣסĶҡ
ذ㵲󣬹ӰγһȦ⣬ͷһ˫΢߬УǰԹڲϲûϵԺϲûϵֻҪϲͺãֻҪ֪ҵ˼ͺãֻƿңվ
Ž㣬Ϻӣ⽭ߣǮС̯ٵߵӡ󣬽϶иõԺ뿴ҲŽΪõˡ
˵ס̧ۿۿȣͷʣء
źһߣעӨӨὫսϵմסϴҵĺ£ס Ѿˣҵļ򡭡ҲԳΪ
ͷͷļûй⣬ⶼϡ


93 
ϵϢµģݵζһ㱡ɣˬ졣
ϰζȴҲ֪˰ĵģʱڵգ·ƣĿ
ءͷúۣܵͣòݣǷϣҡûа취ҡ
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ѴӺĻڲݰˮ羵ůѬӡ
һжȥѽֻֽͬ𰣬Ʈϸ߿գ˰
߳ȴŵʱһжȥˡ
ٸһѡĻᣬûʲôͬ
ۿȣסҪסƴһοǺʱȴʼ벻ѾǺЩĹȥ
ҵĺͺƳʣԼӲи
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֪ıȡ˸֡
ЩԼҲоɵȡࡢһࡣŵĻ˵ӣŴ󼪣ֱ͵Ķÿ³һʮƷȥļӴЩƷȥѣЩﷴãõó֣۸ֲ㶥ӿС£еĻá
ӣ˶һסڵ줚[ᣬ˲һһлϸ»Ǵ翪ѹչ˲ǰͷ̣СС֧Ǯý˶ͷ̯ӣˣСʱҲæ
ǰÿֻ꣬ںԺæţһңذæһߣͭƿ¯硢͡ҩεһӦȫŪú͸ʱ㣬ҵ̺ͳҲմЩ̵Ѭ㣬Ҳ֮ϲ
˿գضһ˼ϺʱܣǴ֣ĥϣһæ˶Ҫæġ
˵أС˶Ҫ͵Ц
ʵ˺ûʲôͬʵʵЩһĳһ˿һںԺ㡢Ȳ衢˵һ¸ȥϪߴȥݷ֮䲻ֱܻ䣬Ҳ̫ǡ
ߣҪкСС㣬ȻȻȥѽƲ͵͵ͷŽüͷһЦů
ȵСգδͳȥнСϲ֣ȴðҲӭȢɹٽƥýİηŻڶ˸صԹ۵˶ϲϲԷԾŻǰߣϲ֮һ·˷þòڶ
̺һƬӡúϡ֮Ҳ˫Ŀʡ
վߣ׽סһֻ֡
Խ˽ƫ׿Цůãи֮΢΢һЦǣסȺǰߡ
ء
š
лл
лʲôأ
ллһȤķӡûʲôˣȴôף̾ϣһϲְ˳
Ŀ⾼ǳʱҲô
Ŀɨ̻㼯֮һáٳٲ
ֻٵȥ
СǾ¥ãԭһֱסھ¥һֱûסҪɼңҲ̸һСȨ¾ӣϲƣҲԭȾӴźҼ𣬶׷ײ죺ƺ˸ģ
ԭִ߽Ϊ߷㣬ԼװۣҲÿֻڼ㣬Щζʡˣȹˡ
ʵôõôһûУ֪ȴҲ
ʢĽȣɲ٣ҹȰջЩҹηˣߺȾƵġȭ۶ĵҲ٣ǰͷһֱҪҹͷҲҪϹʱͣ飬ЩͷҪƣҹǳʱ򣬳æҹССͲסֻСƺ顣
زģţҹҲߣҲڸ˼Сӡ
üܿʲôӣ
Ϳ̰ɣŵĻﲻǺϲô࣬һúܿ졣
ӹ濪ûȲ˵ԴҲ߳סҹ顣
˼Ǯ⽭ǮòԶӦܵܣֻׯйߣдţֻöնǱߣͺĸҲжӶŮҲǺüסһÿճ֣ĸͲԶԶģٲؽֻиܣܽӣκֻ׽Ļ
ҲͣΪıһź£ҲԼĴ㣬ȻغͽﲻԸǲ⽭ţڹһ󻧣ʵŮΪޣصòԣҲõġ
ֻܲϻţ˵ЩǮĳ̻𣬺ɽɫӵ˲֧ҲûǮƶա
תһ룬һ䳤Ǯǽύʲô֪ĺѣʲôçײҪӦһԷ⣬ʶ⣬һأһ͵Ǯر
յţüġ
׷·ǲ٣һ꣬˼ֻ棬Ѿˡ
иѣǮر֣˵ķޣ֣˺Щǰפ򽭣رһǰ֣Ǯر˼ǰҲ׷ɷǮ
رŮӣȴ˵ֱˬΪ壬һ嵨ǸŮкܣʶȻ٣ÿ궼Ȼʶֲ࣬ŶߵŮأﶼƽٵ秵ȴ־ͶĪ֮
ҲǮִԼȥݻˣҲշ׵ܡ
ȥ˶ŮɷǮЩӶæ£յ˵ţŷ˵˵İãҲǼϲӭʮǰʢҼһ棬ģվλߴӢˣƯһۣǺ˽ȻһòҲסƴЦʮδ̶ģˣʮǰǸСܲͷ㻹ﵣ㣬Ҳûɶɵǵģźõúܡ
ҴأסͷЦ㰡ԶЩǿˣʲôĶࡣ
˰ûмӣΪ˼ãףһͨЦԵҲЦĸԼҲ˼ӣЦˡ
֣ţ˶ţ˰֣ѣۻҲϲ˶˵˵徻أȥ˵أ¶Ӧţġ
ЦЩǿ˺żҲ֣ȥ
Ǯƫƫֻһϥ޶Ůڶгõӣÿرȥݣ¾ͰŮִ꣬ɽˮȣȰȥΡ
Ϳһô£ɴˣСӣںߵϺ
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ˡزڴ˴ˣǰڳҾɣȻڴ˴ˡ
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ؾվں˵ЩлΣȹŮӣ񻣬һֻչ
һ֪еչޣװģˮñ÷Ǹ͵ġ
糣˵Ż۾һļУȴûж
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֪ƼȴûжԺǷһһ˵ЦסŲչ޸СˮߣҲǰ͸ż˵˵˵ͷת̡
ҲϲƯĺӣ˵ĿյһŮӣòһ˫öˣһۣͻȻ˻ֶһۡ
ؼĿıӰϡ
ǡ
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ʮȥˣҷ򸾵ЦòֻʣһģӰӣϵǸӣʱֻ꣬ǸཱུСﶼЩˣطֻ꣬Ǿе졣
ز͸¶ݣ梵֪ϢԶĵطЦǷ˺ĳйһ֮ԵأλӴǰȥ˼ϣҲЩһ࣬


94 
ˬʣûжǣЦҲĶ˵˾ֻ۾һ죬úÿˣҲЩģ
ͣ˾ͽƲ²ۡ
˼䣬ؽͻ͵Ǹɹ޻ص
Сõ࣬ʢһСװþӨ͸õָ֭մմڴϳζʣ÷𣿡
ҡͷ÷״һȡ
ݸһЦС£˹˲˵Щл
÷ζͷʳе㲻һԿڸЩ
Ҽ˱ɺͰġ⼸ԲñһÿҪۣھͰ£ϲ𣿡
ϲذԼȹ⣬ȻȻȥʣµǰ롣
ػһõ֭ĺۼȻѴӡͷװҡȣ䲻մһ΢΢ؼһڡ
ź޵ĴմһϼΣء
Ц죬÷õ͸ˡ
ղǸ˵ķˡԼ°ͣ
ţŤͷʶôҿ˵׽·һࡣ
Ǯرˣҽˡ˺żʮǰһΣûҲǮղżס֣᲻ĵײˣղû㡣
Ȼᡣءˡ
ѻס
üһ˫£ů˽޲˶֪㡭ȥҪѽЩȢؼҡ
ȻѡߣҪߵһһֱ
ﲻܣ˵һͰաһֱ㣬Ҳҵ˼ÿŶҺúչ㡭˵ÿֻԼ䲻Ͻ㣬ýҡ˯ţµڶת۾ͲҪץøЩÿ粽㡭
ÿ϶ŶЩӦ޸ҡεЦôһֱ˵ء
ء֣Щ¡
·һƬλƮڿУһֱ׹һܰԼ֪δ
Ǯңڣȴæµ
귱粴ŸԺӣǨɷžۣѼլʰ׵Ȼȥʩʩ
ʩҵլԣһƱ֪Ǹ̼֮ңʩͷ񡢿ѧǰԺȲ裬粺źȥԺ
ǽȣòףϤװ磬Ȼ޹գΧƣλ㶼ѹȥ粺ͷ֣ԼңͷôһڣҲˡ
׽㣬ϵȻ׺Щлҵ壬źŮĸ֪ӹӲ䣬֪¡
ϸʣ֪һֱԲʩӲҹίʱڼңסڹԺϵڡǹⱨҡ
ʱʱʩǰźˮֱΣͷƤ飬ѵԼ䵭Ѿͷֱִ
˲ǵͨ죬ȻĽŮҲػϵ˴䣬Լۣ֬ѧĵ̬Ҳۿգżǰǰϸ꣬𴽽Цӣײͷ潼˹ˣ᲻ͷ
ߣ˾ıãȴͷЩ潼Ტۡ
δȷعԺʼӶˣòŮּŮЩǱģЩ˵ģʩŮͨͨ˺ԺЩֻз֣ռ˸õĺôһˣ˺ԺȺݺݺࡣ
ƯŮѵĵطǺùܵġ
꣬Ҳ˰ΣΣ
Ҳ֪Ĩᣬܲܰҡһˡ
ȻҪӲƤʩǰڣʩһ͸ϾԼıãۿ϶Ҫ۵ģʳϸţʦ黭Ҳźˡߵܼ࣬ǵ˵Ǿ仰ʲôʱܹ¡
ʩʱŸ磬˳ȥɽˮĻʹӼȺŮˣһȥҪ㡣
꽥ģȫɬͶ֮佥ǳӵζȾƺȵʱϲ§Ů֫ŵۣƫŻϵ㣬ģַ˷Ĳ
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ٷ̤侫ࡢ㸡ǼкøУ˼㣬ȥƽռ߽Сӣ붼Щ׷ۣۡ
ʵҲϰڷŵЩһ࣬ѣҲ𣬲о̯׻ͷ֬СװƿӨ͸ŶÿֻҪŮӾϲҲһѬ㣬ҲǳСԲСһ࣬ģƳɵȸһ״ʮФͣǾ¡
صһԴӵĽûһʱŮӿ٣ССһҲ˵һʱæ
¯ͶһССƬڷͣЩˣǸ
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ССӦٷǵʻͷðźЩҼҽƵ㣬ںԺ˵
վһȺŻĹˣżϵƷָָ㣬ģʱʱת֮УԼƷ佲˵
Ⱥ￴һȦվףҡһȣüЦء
Ǻһģŵʱ򣬻˷ϵޡ
λٷ˼ѼϰڵЩƷգȻǿװ֣ӵʱǽסųһõЦݣмλ˳š
շ⣬Ҳľѣ˻񣬶࿴һۣЩ㱡
غ͵ԣϳǰ˽סͷ𣺡δ̹λСӣ֪δ
صΣˡ
һĸţ
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ϸס֣ʣںʱ
гɣ򴽣ʮж³
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һ磬Űݻˡ
ҲضǾѰϵɡ
δȥδζغ;ӹϵͬһ㣬ؼǣǸװ磬һһٸߵʲôԵأ
ضӣֱӹǰض᳦֪̰ضæ
ΪһֱǮֱԣضȴ֪梣һֱ̡
ʾɫʵξֱԣʩǽˡʩҵһλʩҷʩ׹⣬ʩӣгֶзǷ֮룬ǿռ֮ﲻӣǰʩңξСִס˰أʱ梶ЩϣҲ˺;ʶ
δἰֻ뿪СִǳͻȻСִѰ壬ׯв梣һҺ֪Ǯ;żҰĽֳֵ׷˴ԳǮֻΪҡ
ҶԾһģͷйǣҺһ梣δ¶ʵ顣󣬡̰ұܣ梲ɢˣҲǳֵ֪ټӺ
һڵһְȥĿ£صģһ줚[ֲ缮⣬Ҳֲңԭһ³çʹ
ЩЩϢһңͦġ
ǽСִգǮ֧̯ۻٵ̣׮׮渵˱ЩƵƵͷޣǻѪͶ뵽־ϣҳ;úͶԵ˵ЩĿ
˿أԺδ㣿
ضȻȢޣԽԽá
˿صĿҲˣʮһ׮飬ܸȥ˵ɷģǱߣҰڡ
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˼оֹ޲ͷǻϲǮÿЩ˵˿һŮԼӣܲһ㡣
΢Ц뻹úأġ
˵أֱЦ⵹Ǹúӣ˵˵顭ڶҲ˸ˡ
򴽣Ҳپн𴽽ǣллˡ
˰յ裬ҲˣӦһȲ裬һԹߣ˻סôǲ۸ӣ۰Ͱ͵
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һȲ衣
˿ǰһ˫ﻹݵˣҲϲղײգߣȥ¥Ծȥ
һһĺӳţԼֹϧҾ˸СŮȥ껹ˣͷģʵߴ֣ոȺ̧ӵĹٷʲô˼
˾ѣһ̳Ӻȥ治ɫ߶߶ЩҳţһۣЩЦá
ҲʱҲЯŰݷã˰氮֣һţͻɽȾƣҲЦÿҼϣϲ뽹Ҳͷûʲô𣬲Щ½ˣ˳ķޣҲԵֺֺǣȱϲơ
ԵҲȰģǺ˵һ䣬û˿ֱġ
⻰»ͷЦǳض
Ҳ࣬濴ЦģֱˬĪ֣Դ˾ӣ֪ģͷϲǲͽһҵĸŮɺã
۾һסȻҲ˵ĺˬӢȴͷգǮر˵Ժ̵ӪҲóˡ
ﲻô
ܿҲعЦȻ⣬ҲϲˡЩ˼Цֻմŷ˵ĹӪЩ̫ãͷס
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ˡ
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ҲڴߴĻ£ضֺմ׹ʣ˵ҲٲöЩѲСͷҪضҲһֱš
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ĩЯȥκССƶһҪˮСˮԾѣһˮУͺͷȲ衣
лɲɣһ֦֦ɸˣϿþӸͺҶࡣ
سѧϷˮŽһᣬǱˮȥ˱𴦡
СС˶ʻͷȴٳٲػ
ҲЩˣ½кسͨˮԣȵóˮߵˣһҪˮ
ɫ䣬ͷöţʵڵȲҲˮȥǱϸҡ
һˮˮӰ§סһ˫һЦ
ңδЦйޣأ
ڻգۣЩίæûҡǰһ⽭㶼֪ɡ
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˵Ļ죬ӭȢӾͶʮµףЩˣЩüô
üȰļױЩ㱸һݣ͸ͼޣ׼¡
ǣ֣ǵļҾǮǮӭȢɣȥŸ֪Ḹһ⽭ǣЩãδڱض١
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˰У١
᲻Щ̫ˡӭȢǰգԴϼվ⣬ضЩš
һ̣ҵ˺þúþء΢̾γ棬ΣԶҪѹ
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⽭ûˣǲ˼ͺ
֪ӭȢ˵Ůȴ֪Ůξ
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ϲͷ˹ӵ֣ȥŵһ̡
񶯶Ĥ
ʩҪţ¹ϵۣƳɥһôֵǰԺ㣿
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ƵŮӶѵһɫݲؽڴ˴Ҳ׷ɫ
ƹ룬˽ɢȥߵңҲǽ죬ֱϣۡ
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ĶȥˣҲ㣿ԼУŽ˲ãԼԼĿ飬ӣޣ繣Ҳǲ࣬εˮ磬벻㡣
ͷ­ۣͷ΢ţźǵϢŷһ˲䣬ۡ
ҼȻ
Ũɢ


95 
Ǳһϯͻʩҵġ
ҹƣ˲ңȻһ˫򣬾ΪԼĶѹԼϴ󸹱ˣһʱ֮С
ʩңˮλһԸŮȥϴ⼸պúźš
˺ѵʹ˫ڶۣ䶯촽ΪΪʲô
Թˣ΢Ц紺磬ҿɰˣ޳Уʳ㣬Թˣ
ߣҪĸԸҵĻӺڳָⴥգԺиõء
¹Ӷĥӣ»ֻзˣ޽ɣһأ˯Ҳûܡ
ůһ˫һĴۻ޲ߣ̵ͮͮԲͷڵѪС죺ҡô
ҲǺΣ֧֧Ҳ֪ѽ
Ļļͷǣǻģͷ­ߣŶ㡭ԡ
أΣ֡
ֹ֣˻Ҳ˽̣ɷʵüۣȻи֮Уϸ֫ٶȱƽ˫סĥžţɬظοţٸнͷջһ˫źۣסỽһء
̧ͷ̬ƥ񱻷ڰյұ޻꣬һ˫ֽסȻȥҪ£ڻ
˳ϯİƽ鳱ûһ˼
ڼЪգرϳɰң˺ˡ
ڱ͵Ļз̵Ƭ࣬ǰյУЩϲЩȤƷЩİͽرÿնȥһƣ̫СÿƳҲ̫٣˼ԽԽ࣬ⶨ˲١
𿴿أֿǰӣüͷգҪЩǮˡ
˰ǲ֪㣬ʱ뷨跨ҪǮǮиķա
̾һô죿
ܲܰŵĿ˸ϳȥӰɡһЩɸ飬ҲҪиµ㷻ʦæͷЩƷҲҪһ˶࣬ԽԽæˡ
»鼸գæµܶ㷽ԼŵģͷʦֻܰŴ֣ÿ飬ԼûзҺҵ£ʱžôҲûԼʳסжܲˡ
Ҳæҵ䶼ϹأطѶ˼ΧתҪѰʵ棬ͷʦ¾ӸǨҲжҪãҪӵһͣÿջЩΣȹ
òŨױĨˣǰһ˼Ҫ޶ˣ޹ա
ÿ飬Ӱ룬ϳǰ££ϵѩ׵ëΧˮԷϹҽůͺ͵С¯źľؼңòúãʶ˼ˣҲõһͯŮԵ
֮ǰ̾ڽ˸ط以ͨĴ棬һרЩѬСһϵѬ㣬ӽСС޴㷻ӽҲ˸һæ㡣
֣ԽԽãʩһܹԺ˱ǰԼ̵֧׬ѾܲסأҪôܹʣ
ʹҵ˷ȻʧЦ
̱Һһ𿪵ѽһһıǮҲ΢ЦҲǹҵ˱ˡ
һ˵ͿࡣӣҹԺҪˡ
̱͵ЦʵҲ԰Ҳ㣬㣬ԵĶ಻ࣿÿҪӣ
࣬һ뷹Сӣٻ㣬︻Ͷ໨ЩյǰգգһֻۣһҪ󡭡ϲҪؿչͺá
¶һ̣Ц̫æˡ
æҲһ쵽㷻߰˸ʱ۶գĦķбȥңϧΪ򡣡
ͷӦá
£ݼ٣˺ɷȥԼ޵ŮǮæβпЪ
Ծױ˸ױȻҪЩձһ֬ϵȾõ࣬һɫĶˡ
Ӿأڴôأ
Ǯмհɡ֣ŶϣǰǮúùһȦɺã
Ҳáͷᷢ
˶٣ֿڣ̵ѻס񣬡ȥܽùȥôҲۣǡʲôʱ򣿡
ͻȻعɫڨڨʲôʲôʱ򡭡ġ
ЩʱֻЩ֡ƽ͵梴ָдţмתżҲӦûһɡ谮ĵܵܳףǮ⽭òԶûֻ˺ض֪Ȣô
֪ЩҿȢ˵Ůֻ梲֪㡭
շ죬ʿˮ֮ǰȥŸ梣ҵмĸῴȷʵ梡ùװڴһ¡ʵڳ鲻ûƭ㡭
ʵҲ̫ã֮ӦûǮȥŸЩ¿Խ
Ƴһ梲ԸһôȻ
̾˿
֪㣬żصż⣬Ӧ޸ˡ
ѽЦеΣأһֱżҳޣױ׼ˣƵģ룬㶼ˣѼҲûʲôµġʹӦ˰ɡ
ҪȢңȴδҵ顭ҵ֣ҵҲ֪ѽ΢ЦҲкܶ㣬ȢҾ͸Ҽޡ
ο˱ýأҲԿԺ۸ңҲкӹ
վ󣬽סķ䣺ҺòȢģ͸۸ء
ǶҲУɵðŵҰ
ô᲻Զ뽭Уһ˼ںĸһȺϣܵԼǣƷԴһֱ;Ϊɣ䣬ѳɣضϧر˵İ̵ӪҲϡ
Բľ֡
£Ǵէůʱ˼׵ڣȢҲǺͷܾ˿Ź֣չصϱһۣԳůŹߣǮһˡ
ڽӣŹߴӴճˮվһ˫ˣӵŵŮӣưٵȹнѻ٣ҡܽԶɽü̶ۣЦ绨һ˫ľ̡
ơ
Яǰ梡
δˣǰӯӯһݣ㡣
á˱ɫ˼飬סþòܻ񣺡ضӣǡ
ʣµ鶼ȥ͡
߳ʮ꣬Ҳθ߲٣һ飬ЦСĸ
ǰȫһ
Ķһ
˸Ƶģϲˡ߻һĻһˡ
ЦҲܿģô
Ѿ˫ʮŮĵ껪ȥŮɬչŮӵĺͶޡ
ѰŮӣѾڷңһӣȵĸףٿ»¶Ϧͳû˿üۼĶ
˺˽á
˲ǾĸˣΪŮӣҲŮӱϧ̬ȣŰףЩǣľҲ㲻ʲô
Ǹֳǡ»ֵòÿ
ذο梣µģҲһ񣬻ǮаԵôҺ;˳ķޣ˾ŮҲ
룬ýȢ»һԣպֳʲôôҡҡˣѵƴһ̣ؼ䣺ѽ޷죬ҲҲ̫Ϊˡ
Цųӣֻһ󣺡梡СִǼ¡Ī𡭡Ǿ͵ǾǸҲδֹڵӰɡ
ƮѩػʮԨ޴ƵƽʣڳĵַǷ
Ҫŷؽʩһؼô
ңɻﻹмҿԡ
įˣҲֵȥֽԣҹߵǺǲĵط
յ̫¥ﶼűɴ̵һȺ裬űȳһѬ̫ŨƼȣ˿ʳɫӵζ
ڶķһŶᵽ¥ĶͻڶϴӳϦҹһֱĵԪڡ
ҵĳմϾգѪεؿڣƵϢΪ⽫Ѱ볨¶ţҲǣӨƤ֮£ŨǷǡ
֮ɢһָֻ
ӲҲһԼӣĻﰲϣᰴϥ˵Ķͷ
೤񻨵ĺ
һҹδ˯ôͷǣƿȥɡ
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Цӯӯǵ㣬ǮһСѬ㣬ȥʱǮиãרһӸңģɺÿˡ
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ѵƫ¶һԼϲáϲôūǺ㶼͹ӡģȥԼӣһС
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Ͷһ¯ӣɵɬԿ࣬͸ķΡ
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Ľ㰸ϸ£Ͷһ¯ۡ
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͸ĵĿɬ
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ξ
Ṵ𴽽ǣЦݱѩ
ֺĹ⣬ɾκˡ
˲𰡡ҵĺá


96 
Ǯǧտɼգؽˮ·¡
ƫƫѡˮ·
ҹͣʮա
Ǯʱǡ´ĩģͷ轭ˮƺƵһƬ۰ӢǳڰٻлƮ׹ڽˮ֮УӭĻˣڴ֮䣬ֳ֧
ͷ˳ӵæµСۼУԵ÷ⰲ˳ţӡ´
һնδۣ촽ѣϵѻմľգ˳ȥˮźϴͭﵹӰòһ˲Ȼ£ˮ齦ϣһ˲ѵʹУ̱ϳһ
˳һԣβʻ˵ĿնۣǮҹôڴ˴꣬궼ûаҳÿӵ֧ҵĽ
סû˸һػ
ÿϣغһţ㷻ҸòԶͨȥճ΢꣬ҷƮﻨ꣬سֽɡǣ֣ű㷻ȥ
Բл໺ʻ΢ζһ˫ĵһζ
Цɡ´ȤζȻŽµİ쵻̺˵Щű߼ʵл
ոտӭͣÿ϶ҪȥС˵ЦЩƷøЩȥ㷻ͬʦһ㣬£Լҵһ£Ҳ⡣
̺㷻ƵĻʳغʱʹһ÷ʱ˴ʳУϯʣůҲ͵һϾۺϣɽˮɫϣһᡣ
ҹߵ磬𣬷źһ߻ؼУ㷻·ߵʳһͣһԲ
˳ʱϲԼƯģޱ߼öɻ䣬ϵһ㶌޵֬㹻ᱡҷȹҪţ¶һ˫εѩ׵֣ƫƫҲһļ룬ǳŵµĺۼ
ů㣬ҲδЦȵֻҪضģ˺þƣϲϾ¥ľƻػص㣬ҲԲ塣
ǮûŮ飬ϲкߣЦҲյüѣȻ׽Уö֮Ҳ𵱰Ů͵ķǰģ˳ģȹƣ˾ߥЩһ
ĺӲŽȫءЦŶҲСˣʱһ
ЦٿأһգۣüЦ
ĲһЦݣ˵˵üǣҲϲӣֻҲҪԵ֣ҲҪʹͣߣеæ
æҲҪ壬áЯ֣Цеӣȥ㣬ͷúܣһ㱣³ɡ
ðûȥ³իˡɵͷתأ˶٣أ˵أ
µիȷʵܳζҲ֪ƳġЦ°ͣղ㵹Ρ
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ҡ
ౡĲյˤ£һصĴ治ɫűһƬⳤƬЦĽ߬Լֽպϳȭ
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ȵѪʳһһΣڼϻУʹθѪմʪ˰Ƭɫۣεδ׹ڵء
ɫģ˿ֻۣ÷⳩죬Ӷڲһ˫ǸɺԵģĿݾβմŨĺۡ
ŨĲҲοĿڵĸƣǰģֻҹǱ׹ٵľƣĴɹ೹飬嶼ڳ鴤ŻһѪ
˵ҪУҩ˵ϲӣͣ׹٣ֵ壬ҩƿ鷿ʱȡһſĥɷֻۣƱ
ȴȲȥΪһӡ
ǰҲ治ɫĲһ
ȥǸҹ
ھȵѪڵ䦳һƬʪۣۿţҲӰĺ죬һ䰵һΪһŻ·еİˡ
ȣҹкһˮϰߣ˯Щϥɷ˯գ´ȥһˮ
ûеƣÿʣɫ裬˪һкأ㹻µ·
ͨĲˮǰӹ׾ݣֲ赭ҲȥæµʱҲЩϸϻ˼ǰϰߺȶޢˮҲζ
嵭ЩˣŶֲźӣľһĻľʱǡ껨лһ㻨ѩһɸҲ񰨰ѩ㸡żֻ˯ķ
ָһ㣬Ʋȥ֪յѾʮ绨ƽ껪ҸĻԼ׵ûֱʵûпһӡ
ǱģǾԼѡͻȻһվͽҪģֻҪۿھͺá
ԼѡûȥҪһӣһССӤսս⺢Ժ·᲻һ
ţûһ㹻ҸûһԲ˶š
ܶ໰Ҷ˵
һ˵еĻֻһ̻¶
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˴ˣϸϸһȦ˵Ǹ̿ͣպ̿һڣҪһƷ
ССԴһÿյҲֻһӣһƷһʶ
СֻĹ¡ͺȲ衭ԵȣСȥ˼ҳ
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ССҲ۰Ͱ͵𣺡
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һ֮أɴĳƺ˻Σ˫ֺڵζ
ӣúܽɤӺһó̵ӣξźá
𡢴࣬ɽ˵ɽȪһζ
ӣNһ˳ƥʹ
ЩɻЩ
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޳֣סơʶ
ûôһ˫Ưֽ֣д֣ǣ߹ЩĹ⾰
ʱڣĲŸոտʼУ֪ƬҶ£̶̵С
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ڶһȥ¥Լ
żȲ裬˽ǰѽѽĹ֮
д衣

ɫɷףס˺ǻ޹İ
عͷ΢΢һЦ

ȷʵʮ꣬Ƥ𪣬ò˹ģЩεζ
ˮ̵ϣڱֱҲϴһüҲͨпɣ㲻Ʒ

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ѹ󣬺ӱʾ⣬˵м¿̣Ʒӱɣʱ׷ӱֱһμ㣬ľʣ뷷һֱȥ
ϲһƷмǧ̣㷻˲߲ϼ£ҲδظϵóĴĿ
޷жӯ๩ңҾȡ١ҪȰԼǩ£Ժÿ²Ʒ˵ֱӵȸɶɵٸ
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⵹޷ԼЩ·ϣһ˽ɶǲ˰ģϸɿ˼дȥǡ
վҪƴǣӣԲסˣǲ
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ر֣۶ôˣա㡭
üͷ³һ
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ʩ˵ƮƮĻЫô
Ŷ֮Ƴһ˳ȥȥȥңСĸӣٻҡ
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Ϊ֮ɫ
ǼţҲŻأҪȥġ
ૣǶҲһιȥ
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پѷٲ£ҡڽи֣ʩ𡣡
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ռһͷգһ֪Ŀռһ䣬شͯסڵ²Ĵβ
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ΪǶˡ
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ͷҹҲڵҹ﷢һ죬˿ڵĹ¶ޣҹɫΪһ壬ܼįļǡ
ʹϵķʳѣÿյķʳǴ·ʳеСʮǮһʳУﶼǺʺ;ɹϹһĹӾƣԽȥϵȺѣ
ƫƫƸ
յƺ⼣ζס
ر˼ҲЩͷؽᣬȴǿţЦӲڼѧôôЩأ
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ˡͷһȻһЦúᵱ¡
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ԭ⣬»⣬ؼֻȱһӡ
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ϵḾ˷˸ڴϣһֻѩ׵ִڴء
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ɫʯܣ۾Ӳûкһ㡣
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ۡ
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һɲǣͻȻ޷ƣһ͵͸ĨЦڴ֮ǰ򢣬Ĵȥ
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ϵ˱Ȱ׷У꾾µ죬㣬ȴοֻӭӡ
ŭתΪ̣ҹֵѹֺͲʣͷŰҹĪﶼѵ
üǿԼƵξֵһ˲䣬ƫףԼڱ³һ֣
Ĳˡ
ʹ


97 
ͣλε⾭룬ʪأƯĻҳǳģҷǰҪһƬֹĻ硣
ѻڵ̽ޣкһᡣ
ػƽĺ¶ߣ˯úܺá
ҹ˯úܺã˯ҲŹ۵ģü֮ǸͦıǺͷӯĴմž
Լȹģϸˬģûаֻĺۼ
ģдͺ͸ǵϡ
ģƬ
ƵΣǸˣȵǣ񣬱ӵţỺοȡ٣ֲת˵죬䲻ײױУ欣ݣĲʪǣһþòȥӡǡ
ӽæµʱǷͷߣż⽥էȻڻ谵ֳ︡һ˫ۣһ˫֣һȦȦΰҧסԼָڣסܰůıš֫ӭӿļ¶
һҲûΡΪԼǳ׷ˡ
뽭ԽԽԲŻΣ۾շתڴϣһٰòڽܣָٰһšӿĺûԼ
˫ʼע
رͷתʱֻԼ˸ֱΣͷǣ֧ż˺ðΣƼڴأüƮ֮С
˻ƺҲ̫ЩسŶȥӼͷһסЩζͷһϣ㶼ǽģŶࡣ
ôɫҲÿָסص֣˭̰ġ
»ؿҪЩûУϵѹϣϵ㣬죺Ŷ㡣

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ؾɫ죬ҲȴǼеġ
ʵϣȻ׼ãʪ
ⳡΪ޼ɵЩףﶯֵô
ءҲҡ
á
Ъ̣£ʪĶͷˮϴϴ
ֻʣһˣŴʰΣ֣סԼһ˫ۡ
شͯˮȷ͵ڣϴһԹЩְڴͷڷ
һգޣۣͷ΢֪۵˯ˣţȥ硣
մ򽭣ǰߣҪɳޣ֮ǽҲֻˮ̡
кãˮˮһɫڼװϺȲлƳֻȺվһӣŴϱֶϷ廨ͦΣ˿ʱŵģȴƽ˼֮
ǲصĿ⣬Ҳϣƫһ̰ߣ䳤üĵۣңңһۡ
ûˣֻĿֱֱԼ絶ЩĮȻЩ䣬أȻһٿһ˦䣬˼װ壬߽˲ڡ
ֹ룬Ϊ⣬²ᡣ
򽭺ҹﲴڹ޶ɿڣͷ˿źͽŲĶڶմңزŵ֪ڵĴҹڹ޶ɿ˴
ԽǰУɫԽԽ˵Ҳ˺ĵ£ֻĬĬͷĽˮ
ȥֱֻ֣䣬Ķ亹
㵽ڽЩʲôأֶǺؽů˫Ƽ䣬
ܶడŽ棬һμңǲϲ͵ܵܣǲǸȥһСôˡ
³ü⡣
ʹ뿪˽ٻصɾԡ
δϵʱѹδϵһδλ
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˵һԺĹܼң͸Ҷո£ЩأУֶˡ⼸˾ֹֻǸ֮ңͷǣص
ҸլԶ˰ǵľ룬լʩһ࣬Ҳ¥̨鿣ӲŶۼžһѶѵ͸
ųͷ£ֻѰ̼֮ңѹأͷСǾ޼֮ң
Ǽ˶ֶ࣬סһһСţԿŴ󡣡΢ЦҼǾ޼֮ңǽضǺŴ󻧡ֻСʲڽļ¥Щ·Щ䱦Щٹ
ǾͲʩǰ̼֣ͨӦЩҡ
ʲôϵЦݣֻǮǵӡ
ӭˣǣְݼҳѮϡףȻޣЩƲŭĸգѮͷϵǺԲ໹վص常ĸСײһصĵá
СǰϵĳȲ磬Ҳ룬ŷ裬շ˴¸ۣûΪǽ˲յһݺ常ĸҲ˲裬ֶϱ
һϣ׵˼ţ˵òδôģӶûС
㼸ʱңɫȥʱգĵ׻ûң
һ̱һ
ضҹǿȴЩղźЩĪշȰ
תת飬̧ͷŷ˵
շ˽Ŀתϣס֣ϱЦˣǸ⸱ģ
΢Ц
ߣҴϱȥӣǰ˵ǳɻͲúˣһֱǻؼշȥǣ֣ˡ
˵·һСԺӣģ貼öոµģշһ˵лһòǰڻ˵Ǯβһˣգ
֪رɻãضǮҲ˹ա
᲻һһػշǸģʣ˵Ǯ˼̣Դɻࣿ
࣬ҲʱţضҲ֡ǮصƷԴЩƽ֮ЦɣҲϱһ⡣
շЦ
ҲصͷԺ룬Ťͷ𣺡ûʲô£ס߰գǻǮȥɡ
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Щͷ۵ģ򴽵ҡЩùʲǸܵܣҲʮ˰ɡ
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ס֣ǾЩǮɣˡ
һЦ
Ҳ£룬ۣҸգ͵͵ȥ͵ܵܰɡ
á
ؽڴ棬ȥһʩҡ
ʩҵȴѾ߲ˣͭŻңȻкܳʱ䣬˴Ӵų룬СǰţôӦ
ƵСţŴϣ˳ĺۼȥţȴû˿š
Сͻ˵סۿᡣ
ʩҵҩ̻ţȥҩ̽ʩֻסʩҵһ˫Ůֻ͸һɨһܲڼײţܵÿҲҪѧõģֻ⼸ա˵ȥׯɨĹˣղŵû
ԭһŮ⺢Ҳˣϲʮ꣬ӦҲɸС˰ɡ
ؿȻɫοĻ˵͵ܵܶãСܵʱȥҩҩ̵ء
סᣬصǾͺá
ҵӱϿźʵҲշ˶أһЦͷɫҲڼҴţֻÿǿӦиס
źӣշҲҪװĸÿŽӦ꣬ľ¡
ЩɫģҲҪװʺģᣬշ˴żȥ㣬ЦжӿǼģͳضҲЩʱգҪȥһ
𵭵һЦôǵȻҪȥ
صȻҲ㡣
㣬ֻй䣬żһƳɽĲһḾŸӣźǸЦιŸױĽݳź
м죬ƲأǰһŶɩ
ˣҲס£Ц־̾𡣡
û뵽طˡ
ɩˣҶɡЦվźӵ֣ޢޢ̡
̡ŮĻ
ͷޢޢֿޢޢϸķͳ«ޢޢЦޢޢԡ

ǧпŮޢޢԼ˵żҵĺӡҺźˣ⺢ӴǳЦҹǰ£һ˴źӣ¡
û뵽̾Ž㡭
ӻãԼЩżҶЩչˡԲҲϲޢޢʱʱŹһ
𣺡㡭ô
ָָԶվأȥˣҷ
ңң˰ݡ
˿Цֲáòءӵô𣬡ҡĸ԰ġ꣬Ѿ޸ԲڸԲסھ
Ǻܺð΢΢̾Ե÷ǰ䡣
Ҳ̾˿ˡҲ˰ɡ
ǰ
˫˫пһʱ
ôĬţ˴˿һۣȻЦˡ
˴˶֪İɡ
ν֯һ˽飬ȴֻǣһԼĳ֣һͱ˵ɷ
йһη˼Ĺȥ񶼻ص˸Ե·ϡ
ޢޢŮҪױǰһȥӣֶס𣺡кܶ໰㣬ֲ֪Ӻ¶ô
ܺáҲƼڳԼ֡
ڽôذ㡣
Ҳأ𡣡
ŮЦŴ
Ǯһš
ųǮ֣֮˵һҪ£غ¾ӣʧ˸ɸɾ׵һЩµȷ˻ȥ
˿ţּŵݡ
дصġ
ˮݾᶼ꣬˵¾Ӻ㷻˸ɸɾ
ֽɫɷףͷ


98 
ķҹѪһ֮ԣĪѡ
˵ɲֻ꣬˵ȴһЩµ˻ȥʵʲôˮվ˶٣ʣ٣С޺СΣ㷻أ
Ų԰׵ֻֽ֣࣬ҪǮ
ʹһﰲοӣһȥ۴ҡ
էȻŵ÷ҪߣǮǱ߳£շʹϧг̣԰οӶϱһ˼ΧŶϱתǰźͷԴҲֻûӻ֣Ȼ£Ǿȸϻȥ
ǰض鷿Ǳշźҩǰӻ֣շ˳£˵
ǰĶӣƬ̣һ̶ѣҲֵ˶ӣ˾ˣƾҲʮ˼Ҳ׾٣˻ȥ´꣬ʹ˰ˣؽհɡ
ü
ǰĶӣն࣬ٶ˵Ҳ棬췹Ҳ޿κΣȻѳɼҵҲ֪ˣҵ⻹Ҫ
ֵȻ˼ң˵ŮҲˣֻɵ˼ҳͷ¶Ҳв㣬ؽþڼӣңͷѼЩӪһš
޶ԣֲȱһӣͷмãҲСˣǲˣҺ;ǮӾǣͼ
˵һҪŭӣһңǰЩ⽭㳤ǽָֻӣ㵹øɸɾȢףÿҲֻΧŮ˴תΪгӣټļҵҲܲˣ֮Ժ󡭡
ҡͷȭͷ棺Ϊһģ㵽׶
ôЩƫľԭµӣԲҲӡ
ҲҲ붮ֻ֪Ǹˡ
β˴һܣɢҲϰΪÿιҶҪֵò죬Ҳ黳
հҹ´Сҡҡλȥһ˴ϣշ˾Ѽ˵һͭﶼʺѪɫףҧأԲѡ
ҵƻͻææҴغ˵ţүˣˣүȥˡ
شӴͦƿŽȥأѣЬӡ
򼱺屻Уʩģɫҡҡͷ
շ˵Եɷϣ˴ǰЩãҹ۱ʹ˯Ҳ˯ãҲԲ£ֳڿʣʱʱҪȲ裬ⲡ²ˡֻǿһֱ¡
żҪ޵ҪҪշˣ˽ڰ
سһ򿴲ãǾͻһȥȫĴ
վǰֱıصɫٿ˸ɫҲɵ̾
һļŻǮҲܰɷƲԺֻڴ¡
һֱԲѣֻڲʹߺò˶ָͷŸ׵֣ܿƤºҹӦʮ˸շ˵ĽͺշõЩҩǼ˷ӣòš
ĥīдţһ⽭ׯһǮˡ
Ǳߣв߶ҪϣҪϻҲΪѣȲ˵£梴֪ЩͺãǮǡҸ˵Ȳˣǲɸ͹ȥʰʰѻưٺãȹ˰ɡͷᣬȻɷãΣ
ؼûۣҲգδŵͷ
⸱ģͷһᣬ§סء
ذͷ­ܰ㻳У߳ᣬ鷿Һ͸״һܣñףøʲôƵġ
㲻ɵġķοʵһֱŲʹɣȻҲ
д꣬תҵĹܼңйܼͳȥ
ͳȥһ֮ƻˣͳȥɡ
еӪȻҶշһŵ¸ҲܿҶշ˱ܻأܻýշˣÿߣﻰҪЩ
ҪصԸ
ڼңЩûУµڲǰصö˶
ǰغضҹÿȥЪϢߣ˴ӻ԰ﴩɽʯϸӹô
ǻɽʯﶴŷʶΪĸźū͵͵ԹͷһŤͷأýģɫࡣ
Ƕ塭ҧ
ҶĬԣʵ֡
⸮Ҳһˡ
ҵḥ̂һȦȦ붯Ŀ֭
յׯ˵ţȰο׵ܣԵǳ񸸲Тǰּҵһ֮֮չ̷ס
˼һܼȥǮ£ǹִܼţȥݼˣǮһ۶ˣҲʱˣűغ˵һƬ˶£򷢸ɾˡ
ۿȣ֣ÿȰοѻ԰£֪ʱۡҲ֪Ժ״Ρؿӣȼڽһ䡭ǮԺ㡭
δҪ̺¾ӶûˣѪ֮һΪɷȻҵҡ
ӻҽܿġŴϵĸףСʱ򡭡һסЩӰɡ
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ã֪ǮһУܾҪڴĨȥۼǵͷȻ£á
˵ҪѼҵأǳӣҪּӪ˭Ҳ˵ð֣غ֮໹ҪѧŴȻҪᣬլҲȻҪһ֮ÿշĸ飬ϱһźҲܵ
ͻȻпţ˵׵ġ
շȳȥд˵˼仰Ƴ˼ۣߵӣȥٷ˳͡
Щ죬ȥͣҲǳסշЯִǰŻع
ϲһСŮ
ﺰǣ
ϲҲ㡣
겻ϲˣһ˲ͳС꣬Ѿ̧°ˣҲˣβҲϸơ
֮꣬ʲôԭʹģͷѣס˵֣ܵܡ
շЦЩԭǽ׼ң֮ǰ֪Ҽʧˡ
ţҲϳͣˣЩǿЦţǼŮˡ
˼һųЩɶԴͷԣسΣʩʩҵŮʩסʮ뿪ع˱ա
ֻҪһ֪λʩҶСһЩű߼ʵķԷҲ֪ʩλһЩǰ¡
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һˡŵܵãĿصϣ֮ǰȥʩһΣ͵öڣ£һֱҲûüúô
΢ЦܺãҴӣ徻
ϴǦ̼ˣҲǼһ㿴欷飬ʵĸˡ
ϲ§ڻʣ֮󡭡ûСΪǣ
ûУǻãʳǣūϣϲ顣
ϲһף㣬ô
ǰҼˡ΢Цղ㲻Ҳô
ϲͷʣ㣬⼸궼ȥĶˣ
ԼԽһ飬ŶŮȥסʣô֪
ҲǴɣż㣬֪ˡЦ֮£֪޵ˣҲԵ֡
ôۣƮʩҲţĸ￴ҵģ
ҲƼƼˣߴ˵Ҷͷϲ̽˼գŹһơ͵
ͷóţ̲סƼңϳȻҲֽܴξôỽҵľءϴ˻ؽ˽ҵġһôֱӵŰݷأ
ɫȻͷζӣճȭǲǡҡǱ֪ô֪һؽˣң
סŲ
Σ
ջؽ£ջҪؽȥż磬Ҳû˵ʲôֻǽһôôҲһˡ
ɫȻ롣
ʩءҲŮؼһ
𻺻ҡͷ
ðɡ￴ͻȻЩпգ㡣
ظϲٺãԼƿԺš
٣Ժ˴Ѿߣ԰ľ賤ĺ֣ᶼި֦֮䣬ϵҶ仨һһ㣬̤ȥܲ³ĴС
԰ʯϣ⿪ʩ£ͥɭ̣
ϸ˵ʩ˵󣬼̧ʹۣһƣ壬Įôһֱй
úܺã㿴Щķϡ
ãôúءתᡣ
ֱǰߣȥ԰š
Ŵ϶ǺĻҳ֦Ҷδ֨ѽӦ
ӻǰȥģߡܡ鼮һ㰵ҡ
ҵױѾӰӰĴ齣糵ĴʳذףҲߵǺƣֻƱŻǿѪµմѣŻίǰ
ʹ˼գµ߶֮󣬾ͰӷҲûл
Ȼ߳ӡ
ҪĸԸԼ
ҾӪż¥ϺҲ飬Ϻ飬ϣϵ䣬չЩϳ˵ֱתЩǰŶһһҪӦУһҪȨƣûвľ㱡
֮ʱ״Ĳɣϣסͷ͵ú󣬾Щ֡
ΪʲôأˣǸøôʣΪʲôǳ
Уͷ˵úܡۣԼءЩˡ̫ˡ
ҲۣҺ󴦴ƣ²˳ĵõοɫͷӿֻзꡣ
ΪôϸϸǰǸˡԸ˵ܶ໰ȴΨһˣһ²ᡭǸʩˡ
סء
ĹǽɣҲԨСִ壬Ϊǳʧߣ԰׵λꡭǮžôãɷѿģҲûȫ˿ġȥˡûдӾһ֡
ɺ֪㣬˭йȥܻһǣҺ;Ϊޣһ壬ҵģȫҵġص̾ǣ֪Ҫؽһ𣬾;񡭡ΪǸôʩˡǲǸ֪ˣдôǵ
ͷ㨣ĥǣˣ㻹ǲô
أŤס֣㿪Ķ۴أҺûйϸûκζԲ¡
֪ҧҲ̰ģʱҲ̰һ㣬ҪſἰһɵһἰܿӲڡ
ѾſˣѾˡŭ͹ȥˣڸɵġ
ûУػȻǮװǣһӽǰЩ£ͲξʩҴܿӰӣ㲻˵ʱʱһõʱ򡭡
ءɫԥĻָңҡ
ע䣺ѣǾѣ
㲻ң
Ϸ䣬ĿҲ䣬üĬȻԼɷ
ȥǰԺزϵ
֮һ
ԼһſǮʼһһԽߣԽô粽С
˵壬ÿһ£ԼʱŶģһ˳ͻȻûʪ͸ʹ
ָоʶ
ֺԼĶɣһжôֲֻǶģҪĶ̫࣬ԽԽС
һǰ̹ף֪һ˽ҲڽңֻЩֻһ֮δطꡭ
ʱΪʱ䡭ιһơͬʱ׼˽ҩסأ޴ӵ֪ǷмǺޣѾȻǰ˵ȢޡôˣҲ˰ɡ
ҲյļлعСִļɹȥ
ʩڽֹգ˽ꡣ
Է
ҳҲܿ졣
֮ǰһӪһϵȵ͵ڿ⣬ֵʿ󣬵ǽ꼯ãòӣ񽳵׭ǰŷ϶ѣʵϲɰ죬̰Ȼеģõ϶ڹؿԱУڿδضǺ²ıἰǡرּ̫ܻ꣬ڵʿ⸮ڸϳ̽ңӳãл߸׬ȡ
Ӧ츮ڵȥ飬һֲٰ죬뺺͹¸Ӧ·ȥͨȴűڣſʼ˿ͷ跨ȣ֪λĻ죬һϺõϡ
ϲ죬Ҿ֮֡
λҲǽϣشż͸ȥˡ
мǣߵԼһ¥ؿһ۵˻ԶԶͶһƳ

ʰ崬ϣڶ¥ˣװϵĴͣǸͻȻͷңңжһƳĮĻˡ
ȻЩˡ
ʩ֮ʣԽҡʩЦ΢䣬мͷ̣÷أ
ɫվ
ˣ꣬һʣһ׿һһ䵭һŲŵƣͦñֱ˫עű˴ˡ
Ǳ


99 
˶˵ʩȣƣצάԵϡ
ؿʩòֹٻһ·ǷǣſҲΪһ̵ƽʣԭ㡭ҿʹϡ֪ҷ˻ؽǼͷգס㣿Щӣʲô
ʩȻǱͷִĥź¶ʲô²ôǰ˳ζɺã
ɫһ˲ףƺݺأҪϣĿ¶ŭҧأ㡭
żʩֶЩЦԽãζԽŨ
Ρذ°ͣҲЦҵޣ˯ߵˡ
ʩмƮõ֪ӲЩ֪ô֪ݣȴװƣ̬ǰȢޣϴֻͨΪȢжҲǲֶΣɷѿġ
֪Σ˴š΢ЦҺǰͨ壬ط֮ϦദͶϣҲǶƣ̹ϣп˵˵Ҷ˵
㣬¹ޣԼã¶ӡЦζܲܰɡҲˣͲʩˣҲδֳ֮Ժ㻹ڿã¾Σ֪Լ
ôʩŭЦβմŵ죬ͷһ˵ȴ޻̸֮İ·ƲֻǽҺö˶ڼȴԭΪңɵġ
ˬüϵģ
ҲʾЦ֮󣬺ֻϣҺھҪǰ󡣡
ͦţҪߡ
ʩʩʩȻҪ֪ûһϣҿûʲô³̶ⶼǺϷЩˮζһѪҵߡ
زͷߡ
йʩЦǡãʯѹ㡣
ֻۿ㣬·ߵסйͷ֮ޡ
ضסŲҲӣҷףΪʯϿ̵ǰξӣҾǻĵ׵ˡ
ʩסɫͻȻ˹ǡ
֣˴ҴҶȥıӰЦ׻Щ
˲¥زĲͣ¾ŵ
δؽϵҵ֪Ѷ˱飬ȥׯ梣⽭ҲҴ壬ֱʡڸ֣ʱ˵ʱʩӦ׮ʯӦиֻʱ伱֣»Ҫ뷨跨Ȱѻϲ㣬ȥ
ڽգؿӱ޻˽
ңǲܲµİӿķ̫꣬ڹƼңͰţ£ְƳ˭ҳӣǡʱðͷء
ػ԰ݷýһɲֻ꣬˵ʣδἰʩ磬ҹæµҲҶʣֻСοȥŸǮˣǮرƷԱͨЩϵ
غȻҵһϣǴȪݺϲһʯϣǡڻֻ꣬ҪȪ꣬ϣҲҪ¡
һֱϡ
ֻǲ⣬ΪҪԶȻͷֳɵϣҪȪݽ˹ʯǼѵİ񣬹۾Ͳֹ񼣬Ҳǲܲʵӣڣ˺Щأ˶Щ
ûзӣŶͷƿڶṆ̀ʩ
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˵㻹øлҡʩ΢ЦҲǾ㸸һ
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Цò:һҩ͵͵˼м˻ⶾǰˮҳˣǰҹҹ˿ţҲŵҲҶ
ⳤӴҲĵӣֳ˲ӣһ׮ڿֵòãⳤɨأ֣֮ϧҲҲˣΣѵⳤӵģ˳ô˵ѪȻҪӣһΣϸôãҲˣǳӵ¸Żδ̥Щϳȥʡ¡
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Ϊһ·ˣʩ𴽽΢ЦЦ񣬡ĸǰģҲҲˡ
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һĽ˲ݺ㸸ڴϰӱ۸΢ЦǣҸһѡ񡭡Լ㸸ȥȺˣС
ͣȢŴЦ
֪һʲôǮǸӿʼһһڣʩҡޣȥ;⡣
һƺҪɫˣľ֡ȴԼˡֻΪˡɢҺ;
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ʩü⣬ʩʩȻ߳ȥҿȸô
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˵˺ˣǵǸεգ˱ʡʩ΢Ц㳤ֻһѸǷҲΣһˣϧҲ۵㣬ʮǰʱЯﳼ֮Ůӣ֮֪ȥر˶Ҫٷ𣬺αء
ڴﰾ˺ܶգʵһĽ֣ڵزۣҪʩ
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ﶼôʡ
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ذ׵ӣɫ糣߽ǻմɫġ
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ŮǷˮԷԡѬ㣬ʰߡ
˯ȥ
ҹͻȻѣԾ𣬻гĺӰ
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ʱ꣬ѾǵеǸģǸһ㣬˹ĵĴ硣
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ǰǰֺڵݣһһ䣬᣺ͷ㲻޿ôҪصߡ
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100 
ǰǰֺڵݣһһ䣬ᣬ̱ͷ㲻޿ôҪصߡ
Ҫôң
˸úܽ
ĺ⣬ԼЩãȻݣŨľȫ֣زȵĺԼҵ޷ϡ
ܿδʵһ㴽֬ƣĵ࣬ϵԺһľס
ô
ʲôأ˵ѾۼˣŹǿϧ
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㲻֪ô֪ĸŮ˻ҳ㡣һĨЦֵ⣬ɷ㻻ңԺĸ˳⡣
УҲ˰üƮ˵ʲôʵҲ׾Ϳˣһת֮Ժ󡣡
ҴûΪֻҪٶЩʱգܴ߳ȴͲסһİ͸ҡ
ӥһ㶢飬̾õ۹⡭ôءһԲءûһʼա
Ҫޣ޹ˣһԶԶģ˺޸ϵˡ
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һ˲䣬޷˵ʹ̱ĿΣۡ
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ʹϵ죬಻þã˽ߡ

ô֪ߣĶУĶĶ䣬ǻһ󣬾èĺ󾱣ֻһ˫ˮۣΪΪ
ֺαźαʹֶ飬ҲҪʹһʹ
Ҳ¶΢Ц
壬˵ȡ
ʹҲʹü壬˵һǧ˰˰٣ҲҪȥ
ʹþˣ˶ľŰˣҲŰ
ΪʲôҪߵһһһƶһΪʲôһʼֳã˲վ£ǷάȥܺúܺãΪʲôҪ
ڵ콥һȦȦײϡ
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ʩĿⷢ䣬һԸ巭ת֮䡣
Է֪ʱˣȴһֱûͣЪ֪ͣЪ֪ƣ룬֪㡣
鳡Ҳɱս
ûгָо
һ壬ȴǧɽˮ
֪Ϊ޿أȴȻҪͷѪ·ߡ
󲻵á


101 
ɫδͣЪѾһʧصġƯеľȻ־ѱָ룬һ뱻˺߿գһһϢֻ
ĿЪĿյȥģʧ̫ĺҺ˫ǲĳ죬ɫѪȴѾɺԣʼգȴûз
ιˮĶޢˮڴϣʶʣüͷ³һͺߣ̵硣
ʩ˯գһſԼϣָƣüϷͣڷˮɫĴϣãҲۡ
ѣ֪Ǻʱֻһˣңʹ֫Ʊʯѹá
Ჽÿӣü˳ۺһӡӽΡΡµ϶ǳǳָۣһࡣ
ǲȥԡԡ߳Ƴлڣ¹ڳֿŴ⾰ɫ米ͦúֱڵδš
һϴ˺ܳʱ䣬ľˮнգ󽥽ʹʹ巢ˮ̴ٴʹĺͷҳҪˮæסůĲøɾֹصϡҵĴѸŨĴ䱻Բİڴͷŵ񻨴ǲʪ
ʩӴǼǰϥæ£һڴϣ˹ײֱߣüƽɫ䵭ʹԼҩ
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컾²ܻվһ࣬ǲɫ޼ɵ
רעŶһͷʪķ䣬סգֻڰ׷ˮӯӯһֻۣڰϵĺʯû¶ȡ
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ǽŷʳСȵ࣬õӣң׸⣬Ůι˼ڣҡͷǰƣҪˮڡ
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Ůźѡˮʳͽůͷһ¯һδٳʳЩɡ
ͽĶڵķˣǾʳģǳģһϲԵĲʽɫζȫʺ̣ʣȻǻ˼ġ
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ûˣӴȥˣԷ£ָ۱鲼԰СݹҩЩձá
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ڿҹãǰ˵ֻ̥ڽҲ˺ӣǿྡˣԺлᣬҲü
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ҧͻȻع¶һ̵ַЦΪһȢһ޹ֱϳŵŮˣΪһȢ㣿
Ȣò¶һʤ΢ЦڵϣѾ޹һɷټޣˡ
⼫㻹Ҹ
Ȼǡü䣬Цòãˣʵ˾ɷֻǲܼˣǼˣûʲôùӳԡ
졣ͺȡ
˵죬Ȼ˵ԹԻصʰҪȥ
ʱڣǰյůЩ̹ƣչ˴磬Ĵڴϡ
괵źŽǣһƬҲǻ谵ģʪ䣬һϢ£ڲ֪δɪɪίϨ
ԹӰ˯ˣͷ˰ϣŽǻѹסصңѰЪ
жŭ⣬صȴҪصռ壬ĥʱա
ڱڴ壬һֻ֣û¶ȡ
뿪ôãģøǰӣһԷͱӣĥ˴ˡ
Ϊʲô˵أΪʲô˵⼸Ϊķ޾ѪΪʲô˵ȥʱ˺ѷεʹ࣬Ϊʲô˵ҹҹĿΣΪʲô̹̹˵
ЦҳһϷȥ
ΪʲôأôʣΪβ⼸ιģʹʲôֶζԸĸһ棿ÿֻһĥԼ
Ѿûһ˿һڴ
˵ӹȵĺȺϣĶŶڡ
ֱֱͷֻ֪ߡ
ͷڼҪϢһ¶
ôڵҹͷôķ꣬Ũůֺĺ⣬Ϊʲôһ㣬ýһ㡣
ѹļ򣬱ʣʵʵĻߣƫ״սӣȵĴĴǣǡ
ĴͻȻÿ־壬ξסĿ־壬һ˿·ҲĿɲƲ㣬ȴѹס˶תʪĴӡϣ˱ǣҧ
ƴҧԼĴڣûҿܹһǶѣҪҪҹƾܣֽŲƿĽڰ￴һ˫ǵۣѹþȫƿսӡ
һϣ᲻أЩƳصڰҹһ˼֧顣
ֹסЩˣֱֱǰˣѳֱ


102 
һƴϣҲͷ
ڹ߻ްֻģ˴ӣܲĿʯѹȣֻסԼ򢣬ļЦôϱĵطôУã
ԡñֱӦôԣﲻС
𺶢ź¶һЦǯסʩµܵüͷ⣬һŤʹҧָڶ̴ڣʹò
ȵ̽ȥнһļⱴݺĴڣԹȥ࣬ǯ°ֶãֻ˻˻˹Ϸһ˳ӸעΣֻҪҪҪ
ʹͻȻӯĮĹ⣬⣬һһҲͲ
㲻ƽǼ⼸ҪıǼ⣬⳰ЦһһθˣӲаֵô
⻰еĴ̡
δ䣬ͻȻƵĴײϣץסļ˲΢򿪼ֻı۰סԼĲԼ˵ڽϡ
ת˲ֱ۽סͷ­Դһʪ󣬶Ƥһʹ̵ʹУʹͻȻ׸ߣıݵҧסྱһƤ⣬ҧȥ
ʩʹü꽥ԽԽҧˣһڵĵطϣʹͺȣ졣
ڣŴҧסһƬ⣬˫۰§øȽϣ˶ʵʵϣһҪ̴塣
˻£ʹͷԹ壬ҪҧѪ죬ʹ顣ѪܿൽĴʹȴһɶ۶۵ˬʹϮȴڷ
谵ĸO@ϣµŮӱ˱ڻУҧҲʹĥ˵ôβ죬羱һƬҧۣ߰˸ӡһѪѪգϡ
±ϻʰƵƹڳĿɿڴȫѪʩֻ̹㣬ޱӴͷһƬѪģѪԸˣȥԴ
ְӱϳĿһۣһѪ۾ǿӵŮȥϴﶼѪ߰˱ڲŰѪϴմѪһˮȾͨ졣
Ũ˷θŻҲʹ˵ѪˮлεŮӣססԼȫԡͰźϴӶЩ㷲ؿӡ
ԡͰã¶һˮƽӣͰӽȫϴˢɾ³ȥ
ȫˣʶһȫµģæѬ屻ӵϴ
û˱ˣһҹֻһ˶ߣǽúãֻһյСغ⣬ܿյСҲƵһϢﾲĺڳҲǾĺڳͷ꣬춼û
һҹֻۣһʶ
԰棬¯ڲ֪˶ãϸɫϵԲϲŭֻһ˫۾㲣ҹֵһ̾˿վҪˣҲô߶߶԰ȥ԰߹䣬ٲȻȥȥȥȥһɢɢҲá
ҽӵʩ֮󣬵ȷṳ̂԰벽ϲ֪˶ʱգ´Ҳһֱûجج
ӦǾȥ׺ĸ㡣
ʩϷȥʩ˵λڷʩϷ˵ķݣֹֽǮ￴ͭĻ磬ס̾⼸꣬Ҳû˻㡣
¶һѾ飬ʩҡʩҰ
ͷź꣬԰ӡ
Ѿ꣬Ȼӣ׺һֱһˣ
ֻҡҡͷʾ棬һߣǸģ̲סԼôأԼļ»ҹƵƺ˵ǰԺһѪѣֳͲܺúù㰲ô
ѾˣʲôӣѾҲ鲻ˡҿȻҲû꣬͸ȥ꣬úģҪޣԼֻǿ㣬ʵֲãʲôҲӦȢ㣬õ⼸Ҳˣ¾ͺúùӰɡ
ڸôƮƮ⻰Ҳ˵ģٺô
һ㶣ţ⺢ӡħ˲ɣ
ֵĵ׻ĺôߵʱҾȰ㣬ģ֪ǸˡʵαأڣҲһˣһҶѣòʱ㻹˶ĳ谮ˣСӣȵƣ谮ʧ㣬ô죬ǰĨᣬ¶ϡ
߰˰˽Щ˼㱣Ҳ֪ȥ٣ҡҡͷ̾
ڣ԰ȥǲʳҲֻһ÷ﾲĵģôһȶûУҹ䣬ͷĲˮҲģ´Ȳ裬ͷҹ˯ʵҪʲô
Ȳ衣
ŶԺϣᣬЩʩӽլźļͣƽҲֻʩΪ⼸ʩ֮ǹԸҲʩڣЩ͵֮⣬ЩЪɡ
˯ȫޣһһڵĴ齻ױ̨ܣ鰸Ļ¹ﻹһͨԺ鷿İģ
ڶʩСֻͥվţ԰ǰ͵ȥʵҲûٶֻʰĸӣͷĶǳһۣʩ忡ӺƲ԰ףͷڷҩ࣬Źɿɬҩվ࣬Щ᣺һ档
ɬĴһ桭
ô֪ģ֣ĮȻſţȳϣԼȥҾǡ
ţȻԼȥˣʩԺţﾡɭɭ⡣
ȥסȰڣʱ۶ӣϽȥɡ
ڲԺҲˡҲִ֣һ㣬ҷĲҪһۡ
֪ңô֪ȹԼͲ¼ٽ췭ظ
ܲҪߣʩֻ̾øţԶ·Ҫ߰գﺰңŽգߵŶӦʵõľˣֻһ͹˵أصĴ¥Ĵݣһδˣͷ֪
ҡ֮£ҡҡͷ֮¡򴽣ϸĴ¥Ĵݣͷ˵˼䣬һҹȥֱڣҲδҵصӰ
ٻؼ԰еڸʩҩĿƮƮӹ˶㣬ֱҡ


103 
һ˶ңױǰţžеӰĽݣǰù֬סϵƣɫͷϵλϣִֺᷢˮԼʰѣȥԡԡ
ʱʩŽ̤ڴɿһѩ£һյһһĿüе˲ᣬҲڴأŵ׺Ьڽ̤ϣ˶٣Ųڲȥ˯
ҵյ˵
ԣڴƬ̣ƿ屻Ьȡ˸ձȲˮڴأֻ˴䣬ĬĬ䣬۷綼ء
ĶڴصĲյЦŶãҪЪǷڿǸЦ

ȥ¥ʲôôʩЦ¥ݡҼԺ۳ûȥָĶѰ֣ȥײһϷĪ¼ͷܣȥɡ
ü˸ʲôϡ棬˲Ҳ裬Ϊô
ʩôԣɫ˲ڳüѹβ֮⣬˲žһڽ̤ϣҲ¡
ҽˣЩЪ𱳶ᣬϵҩ̫Ũ̫࣬ɲȥ˯
ءɡǨءɡҪʩĿҧͷʹȻӴײö죬̱ͷϣȥ
Ӵüۼŭ⣬ǣǣǣһâ
Ȼ´Ь߳ӣϻŵ£ֱңÿȥ
ҹӼҲǲ죬ǰȥʣҡҡͷ˨Ҫ԰
ʩŻζĿɭ䣬ͷĿ¶ŭ𣬽ϵıڵ˸顣
ȥǽȥ
԰˵ҹһ֮ҹ
ͷ¸ͷӡȥɣҹ䡭ҪȥĶ
ȥߡ
Ӱҹأʲôߵġ
һ׷߸ӣĴѵѣ¯ı¯ǰͷﱻţѴӴŵˣüͷҹģɡ
һ˫֣¯ƵȥţͷأԼһȲԹҾ֪ҹҪ֣ǡϴ괲´򣬵׻ûꣿ
ûꡣɫ紵ľľģ겻ˡ
ͷôȰǰָģ飬ʲôȥˡ
ΪʲôҪҧʲôҲû
ߵʱ򡭡һưҲͦҡ￴ɫʱЩ澴󶼱ǲɢˡԼ˵ڴ˺ü죬һѪһȥѰ㡭Щ䲻˵Ҳһֱڴİɡ
ҵˡڴϽӲ£΢̾Ҳˡ
ﰦһԩô
Ϩ˵ƣĸŮ£̾ȥô죬ѵԺҪֵһɣҼǵǰҲӣôЦ㶼Цģʲôʱأ
ͷʲô˼ͷԹʱ򣬵ǰʱ꣬ƵĺãҲܺЩ
˸
ЩҲͣȰ̾
ðΣĵߵʱѾҩû뺦

һգʩѲڼУӰ԰ʰɾһЩϸﶼȫǰԺͷԭǿԷżӶ԰ᡣ
û뵽Է
ԷһҲϡ棬˫īɫӨۺЦ⣬ǰҾС㡣
ԿԷδжٺøУ˶Ѧѩ飺Ѧɩӻô
Է֣׾һжãлС
пѧ˸үȻҲͨ˼ңû˵Ѧѩӣļһ˵ɷӵӣúô
ԷɫгЦС㲻عģȻǺãȥҵСȥ˽ֻ꣬ҷˣ徻š
ͷǾͺá
ԷҾЦŹ͹߿
һĸ˹ϲҪ𣬵ЩսҲδú˵λļ򣺡Ļ
Ժȥҽ㡣ϲѾˣŮ֮飬Ҳȫʩ֮Щٴ룬ҪһЩ
֪ԺСƻûټʱ򡣡пǧɺûȰͺúùɣע£ʲô취ء
ܼʱ򡣡ʩҺͽʩңʲôأһˡ
ǿδء΢Ц죬ߵѽҩ̺լϲֻ԰ͼ԰˵ġ
ͻȻ׹Է԰ܵġ
һ˵ܵƤӵֱĨһɶ
ҪߵʱʩǰԺˣĿ⻺ɨӰƶλεˡ
ĿΣǰȥ
ҡҡͷĸ˰һͳ˴š
Ҫߵ˲٣Ҳ٣кܶ澱ǼǰʩӽģڽӵˣǸŻؽȥ
ʻ˴ţǣϲӻ֣ȵӰŴźӻڣʩҵĴʵʵϣ
ңңƷƳһ֮Ҳ˵ںδ
ͣˮϵͷͷĿʹԼõĴֻ˵죬Ϊݻյܽ¹ŵͷдʩ֡
ûʹˣ񴦴ܲʩǵǸĽ̼֣ڽ⼸꣬Ͳͬˡ
˶ûͣԭأѾ˸Ե·ȴֻȻһײһ
дµģӭˣʩȸۣһ̧̧͹Ƿ̤壬Ҳϵ
߰˸æµɻͲϯǰ߹ʩ˵Ŵ߶˵ֻͷƳһۡ
߰˸ǴӵţǰСţųȹټҷҲ
Ȼȴû⺮ɪĶգ޴ҲգôҲûʲôɹۡǶڣҪȲ裬Ҫ¯Ҳ˵ģġ
˰Σߡ
Ҫȥδǰʵ
ƣȥվᡣ
źҲ¯¯ȡµȡ£ϷӶഩЩϸ
ͷХţˮҲǻǵģϴصĻһţͷƮİĭЮҶ֦ͷżźɫĺ£ñͷϣֻ¶һụ̋ܽĬȻ˥ɪ˱
Ƨ֮֮䣬֮⣬иһ۵ĸߴ꣬ĬĬע
һͰմյѣɭ࣬˫ݣһǵģ
Ŀ̫רעŤͷĿּӹƵȺУƫ˻ȥ󶨶ꡣ
ذ
һμںü֮ǰ֮󣬾ͳİ·ˡ
ǸĿѾǷųôһ涼ҡ
ĬĬעʧҡҡͷ΢΢³
ϣġƯġ̹ϵġ
Ŵߵӣ崦
˵صǮϣȥһˣ˵¾Ӻ̣ʲôʣ£Ҫˣ룬Сˡ
˵һʼͲó嶯޸Ҳ黳ĲɢϣԺһ𣬸԰á
˵ллǮ飬ĵӣµģҲֻμ䡣
Զʩ˳ĿȥȻüɫ䣬˺ȵס
ֻŭҲ֡
ס˽Ų
壬ִ⿪߹ңܿ챻ڶ
ѾӰֻʣһƬžڷҡҷ
ٻͷʩͶĿ⣬ˡ
¶һ΢Ц


104 
ӿ֮䰵ӿѾˣеɪɪȰزңӣ̫ǻش
Ŀ⸴ѲһȦį̾ĬȻǻڲա
ԶѾϵɫһţֻǿսһ˫ĵ۶Ž棬ͽ˷һ
ϤŮ˱죬˺ͷк׷ŹҪҼլܾѹżٴһ
˲裬ǰ׺룬嵭뵣谵ĲҶ˼ů⡣
ʩصڣɫҲȫƽ裬ֵյůܰңһƬ֮һԵ£ü
ٳ죬˽ǹޣ򽭽볤ˮֱ꣬յˮ̣ԣˮ·ļ䲻ãֻһݶˡ
˶˵ղ԰ǲվЩɬ˲ùҹǼʩҪˣС˿
ҹﵽ˹ޣƽЩ˶˯ȫޣʩҪͷӦšһѣͷҧ˴
ֶסĬĬջʩһֱϣͷҩ಻㶯źֱֶ࣬ȴЩܣܻε֨죬ӵԵס
ͷ֮Լʹ죬ܣ֪˶ã޿̣϶㣺㡭ˣ
ˣüǲܹͣ
Ҫֵ˾֪˶ü糺죬Ҷˡ
лŮཻⲻôʩߣΣҵĴ˭˵֡
ܲˣմ龰۲ޣɫͣԹ޵֪ˣڿʹϷŵʱô֪ߣ
ԣһϣ彩Ӳѳ۶üɫס
谵ݺ΢סҲҪסﺬһ˿ޣúܡ
һһƬӵ£𶥣ƤҪƣԼ㡭㡭
һ˲°ܾʩ´裬һ価Ǹڴأӣ𱡴Цһ
ɫΣĿΣѣҧ޶ף쾭壬ɷ򣬵Ȼ֪ߡ
޶ף쾭塣ͷ䣬۳ǰҹ͵ʣǧͤ£ᣬҲû߹㲻ĽУôʱô֪ߣš޶ף쾭壿⻰Ҳ˵
Ƥ԰ף΢ŭԹ´Ҫߡ
ˣĶȥʩü߬סֱۣҧгݣ˭˺ģ˭˽ң˭ҵȥ»ɷ򶴷ûǰԼֳƤӵ´Σ𽵹龰
졣
ͷ̣ͬ˦ӲǷ곡Ϸѣɷôһ
ʩ֣һһꡢϷ
Ƿ곡Ϸ檣Ҳ곡ϷĳôšŲǰĿƿĮô˫۾˶˶ңжķķ֣ôܵĿ
ͷָ֣סϸźɭȻۣ֪֪ҷ곡ϷŮˣʲô³
ʲô³ҵȻ֪ʲô³ǿŤͷڰ׷ѹƵв֪ϲĥˣϲۿϲ㲻ɱˣȴܰ˱˵Ůˣ㲻Ը˶ûʲô³޷Ǿɿ๼ɫ
ˣǱգ
øмҵ顣ҧЦռǸģˣĲɣҶ
ԣۣ۵˵ҲЦڴϻǵĺá
촽³һһ䣬ִģѪͷⷭ޲Զóˣ䶢߬ϸĲʩּͷԼһ˫ۣĿѩѩֱض
üԣҧгݣ᲻֣һ˦ڴϡ
һƣڴأֻϥͷֱֱڴ͹񻨽ϣʹýһҲ͵һͬ˺ѷһ㣬ίʹڽŵϣҧۿ졣
ıӰǲмͳ겻㵹ǴȲ٣ǰ˲ӲǣɷҲһ֪Ѿһ£ڽ£ҲۼȢޣ˰أڵأóޣȲ֪·üľҪϲöࡣ
Ϊɷжãǰξȴ֪缸֪ʩ֪ͳ˽飬ֻ̰ͼһʱʣǰǰ̬þĻǰϴ£ӭȢҪŸĸ㣬Ҳдһ㱻ϣȴκҲ̱ȴŮˣһΪˣЦ̾
֪ôǱҸ̹ϸĹȥһزˡʹٲʹҺ߲󣬵û䣬ҺҲߵѿ³
ŭͻȻŤͷĿ⹢ָ֣㡣˰̡Ǹĺ㣬ʹǸҵǻ㣬յ̵ǲҲ㣬ҽҴݵ㣬ҽֵ㣬д˸㡭
˰̣ȴ˴ӺδֶַֻΡ
ż򣬲ΡΡӽŵվһһߵǰ˫Ŀͨ죺ǮʼʹҪԸңұƻؽ·ˣһͿأһС
ֻصֻˡ߬Լȹֻͷʹŭʲôûˣֻܻ㡣
Բûа廨ûаѵ㲱ϡɫ࣬עϣߡ
ȥһһΣһβ㵲ǰһβձһͷɫǵͨ죬鼸ȻÿζԼѡ·ĸԸѡ˳㣬ѡ㣬ѡصߣҸûѡһţĺһ㣬Ҿûб·ѡѡ㡣
ΪʲôҪңµʶһһ䣬ѪʲôҪôֶαңΪʲôҪұƵĵز
ҪѡʲôҪˣ޵ǼĸסԼ߳ȥСִһƵĴ庺㣬ǮҲҪȥ߲õ·еĲյڵϣ죬ŭҲֱգվ̵ĵңʲôʸң
ʩҵһҽʳ㣬ӦΪѾ˼ʩңȥլ׼һȢ㣬һãٺк·ûܱҶã
üۼͨ죬ίֺʲôرҡ곡ϷιһƣһŮƮƮ߳ȥ֪֪׷˶ٵط˶ѪȥСִ㣬ʱÿһʵˣ߹ÿһءֻ˼գҾͳʧȥټ֪֪ôģ
ŭ𣺡֪֪ߵǸҹʲôӣЩÿһϣҶγǸϺùùҽûа÷ǣң
ճȭ˻ߣҵĺãҵԸɢҵĻ£Ҷ׵ڼ˽ͨļ᧿ΣұƵ·ߣֻܸ㣬Ұĸǰ޻˵
ǵôãǲԽˣ֪ϲԲżף֪Ҳί㻹ǿռңҲͷ㻹ǯңа취Ҿͷҵ㣬ܰģӲôӲֶΡ˵ںңֻںҶĸ飬㲻ںģϱǰֻܰ޹ؽҪĶֻҪӣֻҪһ㣬һ߷ʲô𣿡
Ŀ⾼ҧӦõģʩҵһʼֺң˶ٺôӦңȴװתܣ˱ԣ˽ˣ
ҺˣͺˣʩҴûɹѹҴÿҶجΣμ㣬μԼμÿˡ˯ţһֱ˯šҲ治һʼ⽭Ǹ˽۶Ѿ߳ˣԼҹúܺãҲҪͷȥµĵطµҲٻͷôȥˣҲǶԷ֣˭ɵ㣬㻹ҪִҵһС
Թ޿ʧǣңҲҲӦߣҲΨһܽѵķǸ϶㡣
ʩҧģȻһЦ:ңҵͲһھƶңܺùôĺޡ
Ťͷþͷڵĵ⣬ηηѾƵݽ˽ڣɫ
˳ȥԼڲڷ䵹񣬽һƷڵأǽѰһСƿ
׹ٵı衣
ʹӶ΢΢Ťƿҩ趼˾ƺѾƺӲУƱžһǰɫްҹȣҵơ
ҺȹһٺһΡңǳͳȫ㣬ˣĺӼ֮Ҳû˱㡣
ʧںҹΡΡžƺ涿һۡ
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105 
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ʮꡭǷ飬Ķݡһƹˤƽƣˡ
ֲм 㻹ʲô
ʲôûУǰӵеĵһжģӵеĶߡ
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ӵŻʻϴġܷһ·
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ղǵͨ죬˿۽ǣңǱЦֲʲôҸοװһȻַģΪԼ˭
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Ӧǣôˡ
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ʲô֡ʩڻû֣ҲҪ֡
货Ħ⻰˼ֱʩסڳĬã۶࡭˴粽ӿͣ˳ײҲҡ


106 
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ʩղҹ϶ҪʱҲҪ֣дˣȼյȥЪϢ
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һ˲ϣŸס¶һ˫ŭۣúţů
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ûʱ򣬱¹Ҫźչˣ費ʹȥƣ򷢵Ϸ¥ȥ̨档
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˳ӰţüͷҲšأţ³ǻŨľһݵľƤ¸͹ľع
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ղҲˣźңźˡ˴룬ָ壬ҷš


108 
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УѾԻһ·СŻؼң˼УгֳɩԷѦѩд
ӱõ̫࣬ԷҲʱڽҵĻ԰Щ֮ѧʩİģһСѾӣЩټҵĻԷ԰ʱҲ⣬ùҡ
ֻѦѩ糣Ǹò˿仯
ֻһֱδкӣ⼸˵ĹϵҲǼתֱ£Ϸ޿ȴǶ˼˿֡
˴Ůɶѧסڽ꣬ؽʰ׵ҲҪŶŮϱһȥ㣬ȫҰӡ
ﶼſͣŮһƫݳԷȥͷɮԸ֪׼իһ̤ױСޣڽű߿ż
СŮԼĪҲ꣬һ˫ۣɰʱ򣬺úãװ۵СССŲãһЩżϡ
ԷѺһᣬżϱ⼱ææиŮץӣޢޢޢޢЩ
ءСŮ㣬㣬׿㡣
ȵסŮŸµŮӣЦӺӣԲŵˣͻȻס
ԷѺӱ͵ŮУüǧ𣿡
ͷЦЩɬл
˵֣ʵòԶҲҳЩ˴˸ϵ⼸꾹Ȼûм棬żļֻƬҲǴǰľ¡
ЩҪرܣǳǡ
ޢޢУСŮĸ׵ļͷЦ
þò֣⼸ÿɺã
ܺáһֱھ͵ޢޢٴһЩĸŮ˾ԴҰͷŻ
أʡ
ӡԷ΢Цһ˫ˣŵó㡣
ֱĺӣޢޢݣЩӽʲô֣
СޢޢޢޢѺӵԼͷúܣк˶ҡ
壡ޢޢŤͷȥԷףղűңҪлл塣
ǿһЦ
Ӻܿɰֿͷܼϲɡ
ڣҴȥż
򴽣룬أ
ʼ硣
ðɡͷʱˡ
ԷڳҾơ
źߡ
üˣޢޢСʱںź㲻ڼУֻ˿һˡ
ޢޢһЩӽԽԽһ

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źӼߣԽԽ죬ͣ½Ų


109 
סޢޢſڶУԻףСϣô𶹶
NNߣ˹ӰԶȥվԭأĬȻӰҲĬȻ
Ƕ£֪Ů类޵Զȥû֪Ǹ˵˭ҲҪмûйһ˿һ
ľһμ˫۾ֻͣһ˲ͷһ̾ͻȪ
ڴŮˣûдѣ󡱶ϡӦͺ񡭡һƵġ
͵ǿģ˵Ҳģһ̶ԽԽӣǲܱԼҪ
ûе𶹶ջᣬ§еĺӣҹޢޢѣ۾أޢޢ״
ޢޢСͣ
иԼĺӣ⺢ӣеĸ顣
ƽޢޢϣ׺ӵĶͷޢޢԣϲޢޢˡ
իþ£§ڻȶŮϱЮˣЦУòؽի룬ôãҪ˵ʳҲ罭
ӹ˳⼸ҲЩԲԲϣ⿴ͿѧĶϣٿСŮɶϣ̲סԹ⺢ӣȻǻ˼ǳţͲܺúװһЩͷ黨ô˭ܿǸŮ
ɶüɻ绹Ŵء
ɶҲ˫ʮˣѰŮǼų޵ģκЩ츳ʮ־͵ʲôӪ˾ԵɺҲ˸ܲʦֲ˼ܴҹҲװҲŮմ۰ɡ
˵Щ뾭ѵ˭ŮĳϢÿﻹһݹҲڼӵĲͷ׻Ժģٷꡣ
ͷҹܲ㣬ڼҼ͡żˣɽŸʰģ
˵ŮһЮѦѩУڼ಻һż֪жˡ
ϱãϸТ˳񣬿˴ɶڽ꣬ÿЩѦѩ鶼ҪʳŹԶݶӦȫؼһǾ˿ַҲǿ޲ѣֻǿϧһֱûϢ
Ѧѩ΢΢һЦлĸҲЮһ͵Է๫Բˡ
ԷعҲû˵΢΢ףл
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֣ʩ壬ϻ꣬ʩ˼٣ʩѵڼ¶棬½ǰ裬ʩƳǸ۰Ͱ޾ɵģ
ﲻʹ죬Ҳ˺ù
ǹʩģֽ꣬Ȼڼʱղֻ࣬ܶҪڼңûĺӹ䳰ȷǿ񣬺ҪӦ֪ˣͷ尾һ˼ֻຣ
͵͵ȥլǼլӻǿյģѹûס˭֪ѶСصȥˡ
ͲҪˡʩ˹ߵʱûߣҲҪźҲڼУҪʲôã㷢ȥ
ߣŹū澡
ǺЦٰڳ⸱ģȥԺϡ
֪ʩؼңȴûǰͷԴ֪ʩһºǽµͷ͸
û֪ʲôӡ
ʩڼдͣ⣬ͱȥźϯڶһһȴ˻ҹһĶУȴĻĻﶼ硣
Ҫ֪ӻ᲻ù
µޱȣǲҹһɸƽ
ֻʩŹһҹ󰵵Ѿ˲ﻰĵĶ
ʩǰʱźڣҲǸԶԶģС¯¾ƣǹǰ˵ʩ䵭ӹеľյתֵݸԵĻƿɳ¡
Ƕӵţһ˫ָۣ˵䣬̽̽ɢģĬĬߡ
þˣ
ѽĻϵζӣȴţһڣЩϢüĵһ
ʩʱҲ¥Ļ˵̿ͳ£ĸĹˣ̬ڻһĹ۸С
İŻ˵ŻӦĻͷ
֮䣬Ѿ׷Ը򲻸Ը뷨źźˣʲôط߶ʲôˣ˭
ɫĵطαĥԼϲǾ͸
Ũʱ뿪ȫˣԾĸ
ʩҲѲֻ࣬ҪָԼòϪˮҲлӦˣҲüһ鳱üĿޱȣɫʮˡ
Ǵϻȣ±䣬ҹ˵ļ仰һյĻҪЩ
ʩۿ˯գüģ´ڴ߿Ӿ
ʰڣ¶ŮһѩһѺѻѻ㷢ϵÿһ缡ġ
СƻִֹмֹҧһڣֻҪСͷһɿסĲ
Ҫ޳ҰԣҪôѺӣҪô
ô죿
бĻֻһˣǻ͵͵ͣˣˤˤҲǲϹˣһֻ۱һֻۣǲһϸ
ÿҹﶼʩȥջԼӣζ͵ʩУҲ¥ߣûԵ¥ǲˣֵ⣬Ϸˣ裬Լطһһڣܴ翴
ҲĽύԼˣϷٲȥ̸Ͽ䣬ȴǲദҲͣǧ֮⣬ദһ֮𵽴֣տϷʲôģߣѰȥ
ҲԼǲĵط֬Ρʱѡʳ죬֮ҲҪ伺Ǯ⣬ҲǽģͷȱЩ̫£һ飺ȥ档
ǹеĳģǰʩңżҲʩϷƣʱСŮ㿴棬ʲôӮֻΪ򷢳⣬ȥĵطԲ¥һȺһΧ֡
ǰûָӵ̣һѣҹÿ˶ʮöǮ붼룬Բ໹רżͷһֹۻңΧתתȥֺȲһҲҪһʱ
ֲùŮô˴ҹ
°͹һ֣ͷĶ࣬ҲֵģҲгԾģǾúȤֵԼƵϣ˴ǮԲһѺΣѸֵǮó
ַ֣һȦ˿֣ʱѣӻﴵ飬øġ
ӵתϣ¶ͺͺ㡣
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ʩ˺Ⱦƣڶ˵˼䣬ü΢Ҳδһʣֻǻȥ
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浽ڶ糿¥ù緹۾ݡ
ʩڴ£Žɫޱȣͷ䣬һҹ
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һҹδ˯ܲͷӦڴһԡ
ǰȥֻŵС£¶ƬλεļʩִͷŤŤ˦£죺Ҳ롣
ΪҪ
ʩɫ࣬ϡ
ָⶼδڱ˯
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ͻʶ֮󣬾һ鶼֮Ժÿպ֡
ʩۿأǲ
ֻҪԸ⣬Լʻ
ϲǶﲩ֣˴йơ˫½ϷϷΪһһҹһҹǧڶҲͨﵩ֪ƣ롣
ԱǲĻǿʱԲ࿴ţܼǶϵĻҲѧŴĦ˵˼öˣҲܿΪֽ󵨣˿Ĭȴһ㻨ֵַ
һֻϷڣһһҹ׬ǧӵʱ򣬶Լ۶ˣлթˣģ
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ղǶҪƣȴڲңӺİ𣬡⻨̫࣬ƺˣҪۡ
ҲƢ˽Ĵˣƣʲôʱ㿴ɫˣ
֣̿εģߣӾҪץߵĹūסֺ
໰ͷƱԼУ¶Цﶼ治䲻ʲôʲôӪͷ
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ʩӣץеӣüһᣬؿбĿڣɫ˫׬ӡ
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ʩóС󣬸˻ͷһֻ
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ӳһѽϡ
ǿϵĽӲӣ콿Цⲻڲôѣ伸ѵġ
ǲͷϵλζϾǡüǹƽ
˭ûʮ˼ء
࣬ȴ٣ȴҲϵӺͽӡ
ѺעƾӮһֹȥժΡ
ֵЩʣȻһЦͷϵķһΣкͷ㷢ڼͷ
̿һ
Ҳ֣ĻӮ붼ġ
ɢ֧ÿҡˣһΡ
һΣ䡣
˻Դѵľһƽ⿪ۣϡ
СҲʱ򡣡Цǰѽյþô
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һ֣䣬˾ƣ˶һ´µɴ£¶ɫɫһ˫Ҳˮģմžգҿͷӣʲôģ
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һ֣ѵֻʣһýϣ޳Ĳļ米̻¶Ŀ֮£ûзӣЬˣ¶ȹµİ࣬ЦҲаɡ
¶һ˫ѩ㣬Լᣬӯֿգϸ
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üۿݵ˳һ˫ǣĿⶨ˫δջȥϣɫҹͷ
Сƣ


110 
ӰѰ磬˵ҲҵͣɢɢŤͷˣƽ֮䣬˿
ǴδʩɫѿǼڱŷŭ⣬Ŀϡ
Цݣ֫˰ڣ⣬ȹվͬҹ˯Ľ
ʩᲽǰ߬ϴקȻļЮӡ
Ǽ̿ɻλ
鱻߿ʩˤڣǿζվѾ˴롣
֪֪ԼʲôʩŭɶĿⷺ죬ɤð˿˿⣬ʲô
ҧŴڿĿġ
ưˣüͷšһһ֣ʲôѸ˭
ǰںڵķʺĴѩɫļĵǣһǲŻԲѩİ׾ǹ֫˫ȵĵɴ˫ȹ͹⡣
ȼյŭƫͷЦһȹڵһ˿ؿ΢Ц⣬ſ˿ָ⡣
һ͸ĳ¯ɫɴƮȻڵϣõȹ¶ͤ˫ȣ»԰Ưļ۵ڽɴ㣬°һ̧ۿƮƮģֲֵмͷС
ھѪӿĺŭ£֣ҧסߵƤ鶯˫ۿ죬һϹ߸̧
־ҪԼĿѩѩ
񣬼Ҫҧ飬޿̣𣬽ϥͷ߸İƺݺϡ
ž
ƤصӲϵʹü졣
ΪһԣûȻ֣ճ嵽ͷLëʨèֻ۾ͨ죬ʹĤʩ
ܾúܾûк֣Ȼ˳˳
ܻȫƽӶϣϥͷһŤȴסּأľУ쵰ƾʲôң
ѸѶѣĶѣԸѾѣʲôãˣһɶһ˰ˡ
ʩ˵ͷⲪǣɫҲ᣺Ϊ治㣿ҽ㣬ʡ㵨죬Ϊ
ʩ㡭ۡ
ǻУ˺ѷε죬ֳʹ࣬ʹ˵ſϥͷޡ
ۣļͷǰҲϡ
£ַݵĿͣŷſϥͷϰŮˣһְָ»
ӿתǻմ˼֮תΪģૡ
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ɤɳƵͳȴƾܣʲôҲܣֻǰѣֻѸҿûУԺٸĸ˿һۣҾͰ
ҡͷʩһֻܹ壬죬˫Ŀ紺ˮҭŶ϶졣
һüǺϻصϯ屻ˢƣˣҲˣֺЩƣ՝ǰˣգգۣͣٵһ˲ϳ˯ȥ
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ʩ³һüͷ§
ҪȫҪܲ͸ĽҪݲ±ˣҪӡԼĺۼ
ֻܿԼ
ʩҹ˰뱥ŭҲһ룬ֻʣʹͷ­ڴ˯˸󱥣ָ۱鲼΢΢Ϳҩ࣬߳ʹԸ´üԡ
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ˮһƿԿƵʩĩľǴС
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þͿɡͷɫÿʲô𣿡
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˸òţغ;Ѿ룬״в̫ãﱻʩҽߣ漴ȥ˽ꡣ
м䣬㲻ʩ֮ʵĳ֡
˰شǮ񣬸ϵǮͬ˻ϣ˷ѹŵ̱˲֣⴦ãһ֪̽ѾڽʩС
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ԭûԭصʬǲǾģԭһѪϡ
˰͵ũ㣬ױɿɰֽ֪ҪؽҪҪŮóԵģˣֻǵԼоŶ
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İʩҲߣҲͷۣȥʩ档
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˶֪ʩ˽꣬ѹûӰӡ
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ӷ࣬գûм޳ܡŰˡ
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ŻѪðɣ˾˻Ǹ֪ܵľɫ֮ͽҹֱ
ǰӭ͵Ļū趼ˣһŻķڴӽһ飬ΪļҵĹٷ˽׽ġ
Ȱܾܲˣֱʩ֮ʣò׽ģ֪һźˣ죬ȥӳֳ
ֻҪڸƱؾĿ֮ū˵иע𣬳Źū΢΢ף˻ӣг߳ȥ
˺ǳֻԼĪ֪ǸˣȴںЩǰʹ̽Ϣ
ԭΪǸĿͽûתһλĸߴ꣬ʮ꣬ţüĿ󣬴ǻŵЦ⡣
˼ȻһҲܿعɫѣʩ֮ʣ
Ҿ΢΢һЦ¡
üͷԱݣʵأ
üͷ΢΢˿ɻ󣺡ĳ֪˵ʲôǺˣ
Ǽ޸صξϽĶС㡣˵ʩǶʮǰĺӣǮԵʶҵŮ
ҧгݣʩ޸ֲɢԵ꣬صĶȥˣ


111 
ʩЦЩΣĳͷδʶ˽žָժǲʲô᣿
ȷижãСǼСãгЩʣı⣬޸˽ңȴֱǲأֻøաⶼǼ£Ȼ˵
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ʩЦЦҼҺ׾춼ԸֻԸ徻գԶţֵģ꿴ܿ࣬ȻҪȫҽ˵תԸ⣬Ȼһ棬ԸҲǿ󡣡
˰˰ݣתʩʩȻҪߣʱˣֵط˷˵Σס¥Ŀˣ⣬˻ȥɡ
ūݲͿͣü֪ؾᣬȴκβãֻõҵϢ
ڽ껹Щʶ·ͬһ㣬и˰֣ڳǰ˼ɿҪʩĵϸʵ䣬󣬷ԸˣȥһͶ¥ǰҶʩ֮ÿ٣һȥ̽̽ʩҵĵϸתһ룬нءʩҶҪʣֻҪСģǳʲô²źá
תʩڴڿԶȥҲ˳ȥҪʲô
¥ͼһҶơʩɫʹǶЦʩ޲ȴЩһͷ۾ҪҪˣ
ѹû̧ͷһ˫۾ҪҶϣйʮ㣬»Ĩۣ֬סˣ˻죬˳Գ˯˯ʱ䶼¥ҽڶ׬ӣ͸¥лۣЩ⣬ﰵȴҲûл۰мӡ
䱻ʩӵĴ죬ֱҹﻹʲôָأҶź˵ģеĿᡣ
һĳУü۷ţǻЦʩ۱֣ɫĿתˣͷ֪е㷸һҶ˦ѳ֣ɢ
һˣ˷׷ɢʩסЪϢ
ԾͷʩԲȲ裬ͻȻ˵һ䣺ʲиٷŽӣڴһɷ򣬸Һȥˡ
Ϊ⣬δţûлػ
ʩıӰ˵Ǳ֮أǸ󣬼ҼҶܷҲһһǰ࣬˷£ɱôŮ춼ӵԺıܲסԾܵסĶ޻
˵Щ䵭ػ⻰˼Լǹ͵
һڲ裬ϣڱת
ʱЩζ˵Ƕ壬ĥ˵ֶιܣܲסһҧϣʩǲǷˣҪұƷźã
ᣬ̲סģѾˡ㻹Ρ㡭
ɿҲΡҪǷЩʱϡ
ͣЪѾ۵ԹҪЪܰůOO@@ڱһֻƽ̹Сϡ
΢΢£ȵĦһ˿ⶼûеС⴫ϡƽûУ
Ӧ˵ʲôĹˮܾ֮ǰѾ̫׼ʱٲһ²һأŤɣ֣ۣܿûʲôһֱ
ԼвʵЩģسɻǶһֱûжÿˮʹУ̫Դ˲Ҳʧֻȥ
˴ͷ˵ͷһһ΢΢ҵ㷢Զܣ֫ȵĻС
˶ѵʱ¶ĶŭҪѹס˽ʵѹϥϣѻѻķůܰ˿
³һ仰ɤͳ䵭ƮƮʱ
ʱʱܰԱյһҪһ뽽˷۵ıѩӣң꣬ҪһۺͱȺıһ԰ֻۡ
ʱսսһСľֳŶһˮĿ죬¸һ°
˲ۿͣӯɬʹȥļ磺߿
Ʋ壬ƳۿİָСϱƤ⣬٣ƴȥĴ֣ͼҡ
Ҹ㿴򴽣Ѿ£ûñ裬ҲûҩǼ£ϻʹСӶܵô
ӲֱȦסָ֫׺ֱץӣҪĻ񣺡ҪܣԶЩ
üͷͻȻ裬ҵȥץȣûϷһӡ
΢ʹָ׹ȥƤ߳һѪ˿
ʩɫɫǵͨ죬һ˫ƯǲȻŭ⡣
ö˶˵ķʲô裿䣬ɫãȥصѪ飬Ҳһأŭ
ŴӴȫǺ˿УͷˣͱƷˡ
ҪܣҾʹҲҪܡ ضţĿӯӯҧ󺰣;ĥҾͺãðĥŽͷ֮ޡ
ѣͷɢŽܣʩĿҧѹŭ⣺ȥģ
š顱رƿֱˤϣ޲֪ôĹԶ˵˫ܲ㲻˵ʲôʲôš
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ȥϷ¥ϷѾǰҹŮ˶ȥѰֻ֣§ŻڷЦӸûŨˣõϢϷ¥Ѿ壬صĹǹм̳ӣҶδʰ輿Һϣ֪˭ʧһֻ̽ΣڵϵľˮͷľѾ࣬ǽӲλΣۻҡ
㣬඼δţûϨڵůڵģкһĵľ̳ڻĿϷ¥ƤӰϷӰ˻δʰ͸̨ϣŸΣͷ£ԼһƣϸϸһڣǱصѾƣº񣬼ϵӰˣǩӵŰɴϡ
Ӱ˱׾Ļ㣬Ҳһֱɼ֧䣬ʱշתڸסΪ˲ӲԹܶ࣬ȻܶʹѲǵãȴԶԿڹΪ˵õõĶһֱֺˣȵԼʶҪѳȴֱƳܸܵĶ
õʧȥʲôҪҪǸԸ򲻸ԸҪ߲ҪԼҪһ
ʩıӰ¡
òᣬ֬񵭣ЦģƫòȻҲǼɫ⡣
ΪʲôһֱɣΪʲôƭҪӱж
ʱ˶Ļ죬˶֪ڰͺ񿴵Լ
һΪһˣҲΪӣŵԣҳ̵֡
ʩĿİͰͰڶеľǩǰɴϵСҲĿİͰѧ·̧˫ۣΡ
˶ڸϣӰ˫һԣרעССӰˡ
©ʱĺˣƣܳģȫƾһھǻˣ
ϱȻסĲͷĬű¥ȥ˯ϸȹڻε
ʩһˮڴͷϥڵϰ˫ŽУסòϴ
˫۸ϥͷĬĬ
õۻ̧ͷü⡣
ƫͷĿһԣ죺ϴõġ
ֻһӻڴ࣬òøɣԼͷھ֡
š
ҲϴŲƵ䡣
ͷ۵⿪ʼģϣصϣӯӯۣƯɫⴽͷ
۵סԼףǡ
䣺ˡˡˡŹҰɡ
ҲǿĶͷף˯ɡ
΢ģӣͷһ㡣
ͷȻһ


112 
ҽݴ
ʩ棬ȥȰβͲסĥӲݣģ߲ңǰ£ڴɵϣüŤͷ𴦡
ǳǧƣ룬ϸϸȥʩ˵
ʩɫ֪УķӶĸĲѪҩģǴ˵麮Ѫȵ
ӡɫʴ
⡭Щ죬ûĵĦŵȻЩ
ʩ΢üģĦŲյ˵
ȰӳҩÿһΪҩ˶ܴһ٣ϳҩҩȥܾԼԨʩѪڣͷʹҧЦãҵǰͲʹڴϰҲҪ
һۣˤϣһˮڷڣѳȥ
˿ҲǸ³󣬻һʩҡ
ʱ䳤ΪǲӦ꣬ΪӽͷӦ꣬նûйңȵ󿪴˺Ӹֶ
ƽվ͵˽꣬һ鷿
ӵĲҵġʩڽվȽŸֱĻͷҲո¶ͷǣҵѾȫ֣ļҵ׶ڽ꣬ҲЩҵʩҵ룬һׯ̡ϢлĽһ߰ʩУƽӹ޵ʩˣ˳󳵵ϱТҡ
ʩҷῴʵס٣ǰԺֻʩԺֵֻһңʶҲֻзЩң߶㣬ʩƽеĸҸҲŵҸмɻƫãҪ͵õȫʩڶһף⼸ٳ¡֪ʶȤ˼ˣȻʶҲࡣ
ƽʩڷ˵˰ջҲ˽ԼˣڼҰڷ
һԷò÷˺ۣˣҲŮָ׻ģ͵ۿֿһִĦֱָ׺ۣ˳ɺͶСϲ˸ϵ
͵͵˺üأ䲻͵ʩ׽סƿƤ۾Ҫˣڳ
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ҲסСҲ㣬Ҳ±˻ȥ򷢳ȥ
Ȼɥģʩ޶ԣȥ˼
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ĿǰϷǰԺֵĶҲﶼˡ
˹һĿĶˣڷĲ֪Ǵ⻹Ǻ⡣
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ֻҺЩҲЩȣֻһˣԺ˵˵
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˸ۡ£ڱ£ǰǵˣ񣬷һζʩߣһТˣ΢֣Ʋ룬һ˫ۿ޵ͨ죬Բվĸ˷ţǰ
ȻǺѽڰҲпŮͣҪʩЩȫŮĹϵĽʳݻӡĸ׵ܵܶȫʩҶһϵƣȻзߺҲòͷ
òѺǲףؽװױһ˿һǾΣһŮкҫۣùؾƣǱˣصǰʩֺƽȥ磬½ʶļĹԱȼơ
ϯɢ֮Ȼ͵ʩ¥ˣ絽ˣϷֺͻͶ¥֣ȥ¥ӣûпеʱ
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ҰѱҳԡĦ΢ǵССƣЩɡ


113 
Ĵȥɨҷ㣬ÿҪһˣʬǶǵҵ˰ݲġеʱÿӲĹҲû˹ȥ
Ĺо֣ǵԿȥģΪһֱң֪˵Ҳ˼֡
ˡˣҽԼŮƽ֮ƱػȫҲ֮飬ƽ
ңȥҾլ˿֪һ󣬼ʳֹУլҲһɹ˺󼸾ת֣ȴһֱûסˣǰż·Ű߲ǽ̦һƬ˥ܡ
լȴһ£ǰֻȥһۣȥţȴӦڣ˵Щ걻һլۡסһأ֪ʲôԵʣֿ¶棬Ҷʶá
줚[ѣܴ߳ǻлȥһ죬Ǹжá
ʩԽѲԽļǹٷˣѹʩһͷκʩһ⣬ܰڵ˵Ȩ֮ƣֻܺʩĥʩԸˣȻǶСĸף뱦³ȥ̷ˮ
֪ǰʩҵŮ˴Ӱ˾һ𳤴໰ЩΨΨŵŵȴҲʩ˼Ĺ˵һ飬˵ӣ̷ĸżףҲ˵ʩضա
ɫʱʱ磬ȴûŭʢ֪̩Բ٣Щϸ΢֮ϲǱġ
ܿЩСʱȻԹͷʩ֮Ҳʳм˺ǻҲ㲻еңʩ֮飬ȻޣҲûйŰ
ʩٳ棬˼ŭ֣ôûָıӴʩ˴𿪵ĵµķӣʩȿ𣺡˼ȻĸǱȻǺúùգǮؿҲ˼һζæµѪգ鲻㣿뿪ʱϻЩ⣬ͻҼʱǵģʹ
ֱ׳Ƿҧһڣ˿ŷӣ㡭ҧû˵仰
ϻ˵ʲôǷŮȥ˼˰գʱغõ򲻿ɲʴϣȻƶǾͷͬϸ˵ϸ˵ǺμѪκͷʧɢ֤ʵݣʵȻöúͷĸŮϣԴϲóóȻͰѶ˵ЩǸͽöѹ
˿ɫƷƳ˵Ľƻ֮
ɴӳ飬Ҳһʱ¶˵Ǯֻ꣬Ϊ״úòãⶼУĪĥ˶ܼ
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۾գһգһʱ͹ȥˣգһգһҲȥˡ
᲻ĥȥ
ʩôǾЪգЩġ
תĻͺܺá
ϸţǰĳģǻؽһˡ
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Σϲô
Խûʲôӡ󣬴ҴҶһƳֱ֪ʡֵĵطЩҲҪĶпɡ
ʩңδ뿪ǰңһһν꣬һλˡ۵ûбȽ޵ĵط
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ϲűճȭ˭סͷô
լӻš֮بĲֻˣʩѹ̧ͷķĵмգ粺Ҫźӻؽˡ
ŵѮٲʮգѧͷ޶ڽȻ˽꣬ů粺źӣп˺ɶһǸ棬·ϲ㣬Էջͻ
ӱУԷµĳ˵˽һỨ԰ɣ֥СĻƣѲ˾һСԱնš
ҲϸɣǶҡ
Էʱû˵ȥǸصȥһۣԭǺַҪСԺŲĺסԭס⻧һӣûڵطסݰ᲻ֵŵůȥ
ﺢԽԽԽסԽˮһĩһףɩɩϲԸСӴźӳסУŷȥס
ЩһǮޢޢҲѾˣҲǸôźӰȥԾеͣҸʵӡ
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ݣѩѾЪ£ѬԷţ
Ųæ˹ʲôһɼķ緶˶࣬һ£Ҫźĸջе˼ɶȴҲɡ
˵仰Էڴǰվ˰Σͷӣѩ飬硭ɡ
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Ҫӣɸ檰ɡĸ˻Ҳ˼
Էѹ֮꣬ϥȻµδΣͷЩ꣬ѾȲˡ
檺ӵ顣ƽ֮ˮʲôûС
ԷֿɣֵסҾ͸һӣź˻ţÿ¸ӣҲǰӡ
ô죿üÿ˯Լļңһ㡣޸ʮˣҲʮˣͶ׵ˡ
ۿɬαذұƵ˵ءҴΣͷŮôҲãҪ檻ʲôãֻƾԸ⣬ӻҲ߸˽
ȥȥĶԸټޣһδʮΣܹһ˹
˸ңˡʲôĥɾˡԷѩ飬Һùһɡ
ֺγù
Ů˵͵͵δǰᡣ
Էתݡ
ãʹͣˮϽӣԷĸú͵ϱҲźһȥ
Ѧѩһط׼׵ͱˣɶۿ΢죬üһ㲣ЦɩӲǣ۶ˡ
ɲǡѦѩ΢΢һЦһߣ徻ˣҿĽ
ɩɩ꿴ѽ
ڰͱˡ
Ҳ֣˺ͶվһŶϱԶӰҲ̾˿ѩ⺢ӡҲģϱһǲҲˡȻʵģɡԺš
Էüͷѹ۾ĸס


114 
꣬ԷȺʩɣȾƣȻŸʦͷŪеĹҡ
Էӹ΢üʩҲĿ⵭Ƴ
ٱͷЩ
Էһ޷˵뷨˵մżЦ⣬ŵһڽʩʱҪࡣ
ҡžյԵѣҲˣԷһ˵
ҲûʲôģԷҪʩгһԭҲǿҷϢıǮҪſŲá
ҹԷЪʩǱȥ
ıӰͷʮ귢ޣҪǲɢôһӴ򷢣Ҳûʲô
֪˿࣬ĪȰơվߣܸһʳǵӣҲ塣
壬֮ޣϳžǡ
̾Цô
粺ҪңҲţ㡭벻һ棿һֱ㡣
ҡҡͷƲ죺룬ûʲôüġ
ˣ뿪¥㹻ˡ
ʩƳ⼸գڽ껹һˡǮرϣɨʽ΢ʱŷĹһҷرҲ˳ùʩңѯĽ
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ҲûʲôģҺ˰ţС޴С̯߰ҲܹˮԼĸլ£ǶԣҲûʲôͬ
ʩþöסΣ³һҲ仰תˣġ
á
һŻ㣬ϸ룬д˼ҳ밲ʺãżתʩ͸˵һжãҪǣҡ
ʩɫȻżսڡ
˴ҹ޻˶ߡ
ҹʩһֻ΢̽½ڣָػػ
̫ɫʩָգ˵Ϣս
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һ 
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΢죬࣬Ϣѩֽ΢մ΢΢ǧ򣬴ССԲڶƴ࣬ݺ߿߿
ں˯ʩϣ¶𣬻ʩңԸ˽͵סݡ
ܰ㵭ţīո£ʣıʼͿǣԼɢÿֻѰ֣ʹ˰ãʩҵ˴ҼҶС˵ˣһжã˲Ҫǣҡ
˼ֽ̾һصɢ̫ģѾԸˣǸֻľӦóΪˣҲӡ
ҪԼ״Σ˵˵˵˵δ㣬ȥĸǰһ
Ҫ뷨ӣһװʰҪ뿪꣬ȥʩУڽǶ˸Ȧӣ͵͵ȥǸʩҵϢСŮ
ʩ˼գһװСŮţ֪ԭյʩԺһңԶá
ˣһЩϵҪôͬҪô໥ޣʩջ켣ڹԺҹＸżңŮôûԹ
ſգװͷһ档
Сʩҳ󣬺ͶҲǸζнһ棬£в֪סںδءլŷҲѰ㣬ȷʶӳ˸š
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ʩÿնҪţ֮ˣȥ֮ߣŲ㣬й˼޷ȥ顣
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ʩǲǰӽ˼˹ż֤Ȳȥ
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ӿɫ죬ģЩУҲǿš
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115 
ӱǺˣ˷ؽǴҲͷʵۣӻȥլأռŮжգֻǽģܵȫ
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116 
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˴Ӿ£ڽ´ĸ׺;˹һʱգԲŸΣȥ
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117 
𱳶΢΢Ӳ
Ҿɫմ䣬ɤ࣬񼴽ڵı֮󣬾ûˡ
⼸Ѱ֣޷ŮˡǰÿһҶԶǼ尾㡣
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Ѿܾòڼˡüܼһ棬ȥ궬𣬷ҲڼУԼһڼСؼ
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ԼҪ檣ĶǷ֮¡Щͷ˵Ҫߡ
Ҳȥн򡭡УҪ߽ȥ
˸ˡĵ㲻ȥС˵Ǵ£ҺҲ𡣡


118 
ú÷ˣΪûпĵԺվ˽Ÿĸ٣ҺͿѧҪմĹ⡣
飬ǳ鶯ţ֪ǿЦҵʲôң
ᣬƷԱ檣񲻱ֻ檷棿Һıĺȥָж£Ҳûʶ̧١
֪Ҷ顭㻹㻹̺ĴţҴС֪㡢ʶ㡢Ľ㡭ΪʲôҪôҡ
ʩüúõӲҪǰۣúõ·ߣҪԼײһİϣǸ˶Щ
ǧٱдУ޶޲ֺõȥֻڵʩᰮ㡣ӣֲãҪӣֲӵʱ˵СġǺЦֹң㻹Ȼ͵һҲ⣬㡭ûһкӡ
뿴Ǹʲô飿ܵ裬ôȥߴô꣬ôܻڣ
Ҳȥ֣ɫ䣬㵹ҡѣ㣬ڼҵĴҲУܶ
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Щ֪³İ֡Ŀ³ֻĻﶼ硣
ʩԸ¶ϣ롣ҧгݣŶġ
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ѧЩӾʩ˵֮£գ˸ն˵Ķӣü⡭ͷ֪ԸԸ⡭
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Ž˵ԼΡΡױ̨ϵ䱦ζɰͰͻ֪ˣǺ£ͷ˻ء
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Ȼͷá
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פ㣬ǣǣӣʾÿԷżǰոյ기Ρ֪ҲĪǰ¶桭߰ɡ
ڿ˰յ裬һ˦䣺һǻʩȥ˶࣬ͲŽ徻
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ԲΪ⣬ΪļҵİߵС˽ȥ鷿ԼطԡЪϢ
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šʹࡢľ
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ʩҪѰģźԲ˵æһԵţ֣ǰ£תůػϵĻδˮ߱ʮػӾ
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Ļ񲨹Եĺˮ壬չ೤糤ɫСԽˮ棬׾ˮֳȵĴĥ׵ʯĥù⻬Բ͸
ץסյĽָٽļʹҪŹҡߡ
áŹ㡭Ź㡭Ĵĺ촽ϣᰲοҵĻڴ䣬Ĵͷ࣬ǹһ㣬һͺ˱Ľ٣ɨſűݣŪĴڡ
֮ʳ׹ˮ꣬ǽʵźܹţŴ˶У꣬ҲϲãԵ촽ͣ۲ɬչ̡
ȻŲ⣬ż磬Ҫ︧οίٹ־ܾĺҧ˼£ѾƣߣʵǸ˳Ƥëʱ
۵˯š
£ͣһ徻ĵطעǻԣؼȥСš


119 
լػӲԶʩϰ徻Сգ߹һǽߣǽ׺Щ̣СŰţ֨ѽţʯģż
ļҳȳһ㴺⣬լЩͷȻܿµĺۼϵʯשܵǡľ͸ųϢ¾װסģԽߣƺܺͯЦϸȻ
ʩ𴩹عţһ·ϡӰ棬ӰӰӰҵӰӣֲǰǼ٣ûطȴʶ֮Уͷ鴭һһصߣһֱߵݣסĵطҲŮһյ㣬ӷ̷Ů
һµĿʼĹޡ
żСŮŵհĽߣŲӺͷ̧ͷһϤŮף㶣ſڣ־ϲѹίˡ
ͼ¿ڣҲϥţӡˡ
Ѿķˣ񣬶㲻̤һʩסס壬ǰȥûˣöꡣ
ֳ̾һ
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˵黰źһС
Ǽģӭģְ£ģۺбЦůһη̬ȡ
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֧ף԰ӵʾµĻ磬ǰԺԺ£ǰҵĵȵˣֻһۣûһµˣ̫Ļƣµ˴á
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ʩһͳţȥ֪뿪֪̾գαصİӵ
ʩֻҡҡͷһЦ
ӺһȲ裺ҲΣĽȥ
ʩףûбõĻ취
ðɡڣﻹǽҵ²
Ժôأڣܰǰѻ²ٰ
ߵⲽ޲ޡȢȢҲûʲôϵĦŲյԵۣæЩ
˶٣иӣǲá
ܺЩӲɵ̾˿ʵסĶ
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ڣһݣճȥһֵĿ˿ŮӴ룬ɨɢȥ֣ЩҲ˰磬Цǰ񣺡֪˺ŭ룬˺Ȳ衭
Ҳ⻪εü費غȣҪˣʩ֮ʳ
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ʩڣһȥʩһ氲οˣ֪Ҫλ
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㲻þˣҲ֪˵־˵ǶãǿְԵˣԸ⣬ʱҪѹأ
ΪұȷϧûˣҾΨһˡʩȻЦ֮⣬һҲС
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ϲҲȻϲ΢Ц߰ɣóţףöƽơ
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ཱུСŮͯʯϣĸߴ˰ţֽںǰרעԶ
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źȥſԷ:ˡ֪˭ùˡ
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˼ţޢޢȲӻͳֽ۰Ͱ͵ݵǰףʣһ飬ޢޢ׵ġ
ޢޢŰ׸⣬Ŭιף


120 
ԷصУﾲĵģЯɶȥѧޣֻˣһĿڵʹӣ˲࣬ϳԷżԷүùˣ
ԷҡҡͷЦȥѦӣ͵Ŵү÷ˡ
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һǧƱ鷿Ϸ˺ЩӣԸԭԷƱãս
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ùԷţʰ꣬˶ͷȲ裬ԷӵпգȥԺ᣿
ҲһԷղŵ̴ζӶǰӵϲõģûԺķݣڵֻܰδڸɾ򵥣ذףϯɫϰż
ȵ죬ӣҲ֡
Է£ϵĲֽӬͷСġվ˳ݷõģͷֳɵĳõľģαԼʣҹ۾񡣡
ĳЩѦѩһȲ裬£дְˡ
Ҳжţһ򿪣һ˫ëѩ޵ķϻСȥ鷿ʰĻϴϴͳˮʪˣҷͷɹɹ
Է˵ðβŴнȡ·ϿСʱҲôһԷ
˶٣żҵǸŮҲˣСޢޢѩɰҼΡǸġ
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˰ΣôǣһʹŮ
ȻĺŮӣòЩ飬һ˫Щϸۣβġ
˵ĿⶼǰŮӵϣȴ˵
Ů˵Ŀ⿴÷ëͷõ͵͵ģźΣԷȥɡæ¡
һƱƵߣϴθ㣬㲻գַŻ鷿Ҫӡ
ϵͷȥĸ˵ȥֵܸĸ˵˵Ҹ㺦㣬һˡԷ򴽣ѩ飬չԺǻǷֿɡ
ΪʲôһҪ룿ȻдҲֻ࣬Ҫһȵļңһ֣ҲãôҲãҶܲʣô
ΪһҪ룿ĿԼа⣬ʲôΪʲôһҪ룿
ΪȢˡʵչĸŮ
ָԿңԶĴһİɣޢޢôɰ㲻ĺӣҲԸչŮ
ĻסЦƱ䣬ȣҲȢҡҲ˵Ҫչҡ
ȢʱҺܿģĸ˵ѦŮģãҲʮ⣬ȹַĲ裬ʱĵҲϲһȢޣζųɼҵȢ֮󣬿֪ģΪķ޲Ƿޡ
һʼǺҿΪɬĵţϰߵһ졭һ죬һꡭʼղС
ûϵӹ㲨ˣ˵ϻģ˼Щ£ûʲô˵ġҪӣ޲ؾٰüССҲã˵ЩҲãʱ§ڵı˵˵Щ£ȵʱȱԹóҧˣƬϡ
ѩ飬ĳˣҲǡǸˣҲǸˣǰ񡣡

Ȣ૵Ҫóλȫ
΢ЦǴű黨ðҳȫǡ
԰ȥͲסʩ飬Ѽ񶼽ϣִ˰ʩլļʮ˹˳Ժʾ
𲻹£û֧ӲһˮȲ趼̲ϣճþ߶֪ںδ澻δסԴԴϵ˵Ҳ֪Ҫδã˳ղӰլ˶ĸá
ܲܣʩҴʮ꣬ҲʩҰˣż˱æµͬްסȷûУһܲܲ˵߲ȥбһ飬Ҳò˵
ôҪؼҶŶӺˮ˳Ϸ
ʩǰü촽򣬱˪һ˵ɫǩԿ˱ˤѵ죬ī̶һԵһڲ裬յסǵһ΢ЦƮƮĲ衣
ڼкһȲ衣
ƽвŵ˿Ц⣬סͷսӣʵʵ޿κΣֱߵëʲյȥ
յϣѵһڽűɴƬϲˮī֭һƬѺúõѶˣ˹˹ĲŲæˣˣö˶˵ôء

ʩҧŴڣۿһȦĿע½ͷһ֣ˣˡҴˣҴˣҵĴҲۣòͷģ˼ǲܣ
ԭҰɡƫƫͰ׽ЩҲæ˹ڽţŷȺ̫˵һյĻɤӶðؼҲŵЪЪţȿڲ衣
ҲСңһѣһؼпȷȲȣиů͵ĵط˯ૣ㲻֪жۣϵһ·۾˯ţ־ܶһᣬ۰ͰͶۡôáü۱Ǵ̬ͷ߳Ƶġ
ʼûа취֪ǹˣǰһУȴԶûʡ
ߡ
˵˵ţִڣ̲סʼḧο
ֻҪУҪһУʩڼңֻҪͷæµʱҲУҲϸۣЦãߵʱҲδü˵һ¥öǹ㣬пգɻȥǡ
̽𣺡ڽ껹ЩҪҪæðЩأе˵ٸҹܣҲӦ̫ãǰǰֲʮңһ㲻ϲЩϷ¥ôĽҲʶһЩߺպи̣ҲҪˡ
һԣϲûϲ֮ɫ
һִģʱұϳΪֻزپҵ𽥱ģʲôĵطҲЩ޼ҿɹ֮ˣһЩŮӳ·ӻûԸƶġƭġġġ޿ģܹţһĵط߳ȥģԺߵǿׯ߲ȥģɫ˥֮ҲһʰӣҲܶ˵СʱҲһ˽ڸסЩʱգҲֻŮӲŻϧŮӣ֪еѴʹЩ¥ﻨǡܱҪùЩӡΪˡҲ֪ġ
ЩҡҡͷʲôأʲôҲˣҺûʲô
Ц˵Ǯһӣ㶼ˣҪ¥ĹǶͻᣬ׬ǮԼ˭أ
Ůиĳ·ѡ˭ᰲںլ˭Χһ˭ᱰ΢ϥ˭ѻ˭Ͷ·
ʩؼʱվ£¹ŸɵӣֻССĻݺߴߴ£һι
ĶĻݺʡ
ʰӵʱ򣬴᷿Ľ˼ˣȥֻȸ£˵ЩЦ͡
ôơʩЦӯӯ䣬ͭﾻ֣ٴյǰȤζĿŻݺ
˲վһ簤ż硣
ݺ˵ֻ˸˵ŽкءָŪ˵
Ҳϲ˸ëɫ˵ġ䵭һһιʳź촽ͷרע
ʩû˵ʾ̬֮ȾǲӲװƣƫƳһۣס֡
Ũ̵ܾѻۣüޣͷúܵͣҲ
ǾֻģںأƯ˵
롣üͷؿһۡ
ͷȻϲƺôһ㲦Ƽ֮У֡
ǰݹƣָ޳·һ˰̣ȻһС׷ġ
ʩץŴĵ裬§˻Ȧס
Ҳԭ㡣һȿڣһ֣أɫأʲô٣Ҷԭ㡣
ԶҲᰮ㣬һжǰ׷˼Ҳм֡
һһ֣ػǵȻЦϵ㡣
ÿһҶţǵ飬Ҳù
ͻȻססੲƵĺ촽
촽һۡõ࣬ɿڡ
ŮͷȻڽݺȶʳ
΢


121 
լķʮأʩӵԭòʱܿިïʢĻԣͨĵȣ˼ɵжǵ˼ģӼڼʱս࣬լһֻ̾ڵļޣЩŴ۾һ㣬ؿûв֮УЩζЩģϲ
³˸Ĺ´ŮҲϤʱǸŹԭסԭȻЩԽԽ٣ֻʣӺһſӣס˲һְ꣬ᵽլȥˣլִɣֻЩլСӵһۿ֪С϶ϲ
뿪⼸꣬ط꣬۰Ͱ͸ί⼸Ӳνѣʩæµؼұţһ۾ϣûкӹЩǰᣬֻЩճ˵Сܻˡ
ǰ³Ϊˣ˽ﻹԸ⺰С㡣
ǰԺмѰ˵ǴŵҶѾãҪϹңȥ
ϻѾ߲òԭεĵī֣ӣ̽ʩլҶϹңĵϲ죬ӻƵӸۡ
żԾվţȻи֮С
Ƿһеĺۼ͸鶼ȥǨ֮ϲͬһլݣأתתػأʲô˵
յգǻصߣȥֻԪĵֿ壬ЩͿЦ
ʻƺǰԶ˶٣ȻԶȥɫڳڣ͸լŵŮӣüƽֺ޲
ӡ˽סͷʹʩˣٰҲǲ˽ģþ޿ֻԶгһն˻αң
լǰѱʩ£֪Ҳ֪ԼҹȴδԾֻƬĥܿ࣬Ǻ;ǮԵʶⱲ֪ϣ˽ߣʩҪõľֹ;ϡ
ǵʱЩλþֵزҪܰѾоȳ
˼ˡЦӯӯۼΪʵδ߳ԿҴԴöȶϤϣ˸ðˡ
ªˡдˣҾ֣±ó񣬲ͷ˻Ǯ
üǰꡣ
ã߱ǡǸҲŹ㡣
ŭҪߣʩȻͣ˵Ǯ
˽ڳǣŹٵǮȥҹڽվҪЪʱߵߵԭǵСһˮ˻ˮСЩɻǷ¥µһλӣԸСһ͵˵һҪǮ裬˼á
һԣ¥ȥ˼λͲˣһ۵Ľ䣬һλ湫ӣ֥òһѧӱԶԶ˸Ҿ
½Բرˡĸ˳ǣһֱ棬ֻʱ߶ˡ
ǣ˲ʶôˣִ֣Ž֣Щ졣
Ψָǽжһ˵Բ˿ףЩǰδŵӡ
㣿˾㵣̽ʹ£ǾǸ¹Ƹȴɢδ򣬡Ե⡭
Բ˰˰ݣҺñȲɢ󣬽ѧпͷھ£񴺲Ǩְȡż㣬ݸˣڽ갲ٲգյţãգҵˡ
˿ż㣬Ǳȥġдš
룬żд˵ģԲŵ֮»ɬһֱܿ࣬Ҿ
ʩǸ檸ͨ籨ţ
ȥӦֻһֱü
˿̽ʵŹӡҪΣ
ԲĿξעˣҲšҪϣħơ
ӽǨ겻̶̼꣬߰˴ʮңһССĻ̣ô͵Ѹ٣ڽ껹зŴọֶ̃νύѫȨõĹԱƾŹϵӪȡɣ˷ָбӦġ
ˣõĸϧҲһ֮
ζǰˡ
Բ뷨ıϣҪȳ
ʩͷ
ɪﶬһ껨̣ݺ䣬ⰻȻļ˵硣
һլӾ㹻࣬լʵϲϲ԰ʯСŵģּǽһƵľһԶʯʶ룬ʹʲôǵãҲѪӤʱĲдСլһϤ׽ĸоƩʯש˵㼣˨ǧȻһжģģԴĦһƽȤĹ£ڴ˴ŵԿһҵĸоʩҴͲļңصļָݣֻôһ㻶Ȼζ
ʩҲڴ˶ķЩ
𣿡ʲô˼ң
˵䣬ﳭţһ˶û߹ȥһסӣ᲻ò
ҡͷڵʱһúܿġһյֽǮ˰ɡ
ٰɡĶͷ⣬СŽڼҶæЩʲôˣ
ĸο޶ãƿûʲôڼҴš
ж䵭Ѿ俪ʼӪԼļңһоȷůסһ˺һŮˣǼҵһ֣ˡ
ոһյĥδãȻҲǡô
߲ⶼ޹ؽҪĶ
õҪԼΪֻźûøõֶΡ
ӻزȥ԰ʱŨǢʱŨǢҲδģ񷴵ЩĿʩǰһֱǸƢĹ
ӹûôͿֻңȻЩƹˤļƣʩ̬Ⱦãָʹݣû´ʱ
Ĺˮ
ÿһҩҪȣҩʩرҩǱּģҲҪۿȥ
£ǺЩֻһֱûϢʩָСӻ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
иҽưɡŶӣҪúõҲŰġ
˰ɡЩɣûʲô󰭡
Ҫ𣿡ʩŪĳ̽ʣʮߣӦˡ
ҲϲӡĻ
ǰԺȻɿڡ
ʩ治ɫۣһֻ費˵
ʰ׵ҪҪ粺ʻ˻ʱ㣬Լã
Щ겻صҺǣƺѾ޻˵
˰ΣҲ޷ȻҲ˵ȥ
Ŵã粺һ桪ʩڼ磬˷ҡ
լ䶨ԵȷĴǸˣȹϸüۣǺȹ粿ǰվŵŮӣòɣü࣬Ŀտտ
ط꣬ʱꡣ
ٶԹڴ˿̶ɢ
ǰȥסһ˫ּ֣á㡣
΢Ц㣬ãþò
ʱӣ³ç󵨣С⣬ü˶û׺øĵزﰵﶼʱȥʱʵǵģ˴֮䶼мڡ
̲ס¼߬ס֣ܿˡ
Ҳۿɬ§סӣԹôãôӷŻǱƽʲô˼ء
ԭΪԼѾݾҲ΢΢ݣлǵĵǡҶͦõģǹúô
ͷ룬ʼʩһֱŴʵ⵱粵ķͷҲӦӵбõ
ããǶá


122 
˵ŻҵĸͤһһСǣŸĸ׵ȹǣ峺۾
̡
̺á
ǼģֻûеĺѾɴŮͯͤСС͸ء
ʩҲŷͿѧǰԺĹˣⲻһ줚[С԰˾ϯʩҵ˻ΪˣⶼЩ˸˵ʩĹϵһ򺬺ͷβδ˶ǴԵļȥĦլȻͬͬߣһա
ʩת粣֮ǰиСоŶǰľɳν˰ɣŶӾͺá
ͷۡ
򴽣ҲӦãŶ㡣
ͿѧգҲ֣һݣӡ
֣עҪڹȥ
˴֪֪ףЩ˵Щ˵˶зִ磬ڲҵ⼸꣬Щķ顢ʳס˵ٲסһ˵ֻͷզզڻ԰ˮ׻㡣
ֻ½üˣִٸв٣粺໰𣬵ֲ֪οڣԥβʣŶ⼸ɻô
áЦǮ˵СӪҺڣҲ㲻
Խ˽ǮԹһ£粺Լ˵Ǯ޹ˣֱݻʩңȥʵȥ궬ýˣϧʼղü֪סĶһֱż
ŲյͦõġʵҵĲǣҸסǵطҲ̫͡
һۣĿɿڴ֪νӻ
𿪿ʣ֪ȥĶܼõô
Ѳڽڣʩ˲գȥ˳ݡ
ֻǱ˵ĺ˵ǱҵϲΰѷȢߣϧһ
ͷ֮䣬ҲΪѣǿЦߵʱҲȥ͹ɫŵãϣǱӹúЩ
ͥлסٴ줚[Եʻᣬ֪עиĺãиĿࡣ
ѧʩĵǳ£½ʿ֪ºҪѧͷҲڵȲɣع٣ڽ꣬ʮĹٳ֮·ʹ¿ʼ
ԲѾ˽꣬Ϳѧͷ˽Ӵͬ꣬ͬΪȻЩ飬ֻԲʩ֮ʩǰԲտѧ˳ʩǰ
ʩȻ֪ԲȴҲδԲ
󣬿ѧͷ񶼷޶ȥǰִӽ̽ǣ֣пգȥǶɡ
ͷĥĥ䣬Ҳ𣬴սĶʣԸʹһô
˼ãûл
ŮʰϯվĿͽȥͷɹλһƬʩЯִݣһƣβ΢죬£𣺡۲ۣЪᡣ
ʩңѧңп˵ͷ
һãһǺýãҼм䣬֪жΪѣ֪ˣҲҪ޸ʩ硣üΣҪɣУʼǸ
ˣٺʲôӡѧȰи˸ɣҲκβá
˿ңӽ˼ţ۳ŲסȻЪϢѧٺĸŮˣ˺ɶƫɶΪŷţɫΣ࣬ɫÿ¡
˼ѧϸʩңüԹյӽţ˵Ҫɩ룬а˲ǣдˣдţö˶˵ģʲô˼ʲô⣿
ѧĸԣǴһӹɶţϸǳֿԷţͨƪֻ˵һ£ǷģҪͳɩѦѩ룬ѦѩԸϣ˶д㣬֪ġ
Ѧѩ̿˶꣬ĸŮԷö˶˵Ҫ룬УҷĲ£һؽȥʲô
˵ҪߣȥʰңĴؽڼУɶǴ޵Ůòֳ£ѧ޷ֻòӣſһؽȥ
߿ѧ߿ˣּԲ
˻Ǯ뿪˽꣬ԲȲ
ֻӼʩҵϢ̽ʣԲҲҴ̽һ
һǶͬѣһǺԼմ״ĵʩмһ˵ĸܵѧʵڲԸ˻ˮ̲ס̾ţԲ磬ô꣬αˣ
ֻ֪úòã֪ü֪꣬Ѿ˽꣬ȴһֱҡԲü
ֺαҪ֪ϵûˡ
֪ţ֪ãܺЩ
ѧҡͷ̾ͦãֻӸЩ
ѧȥʩԼһһʮԲǵģѾһˣָҪĿڳƾΪʩɩӡҲǧĪȥˣȺ˿Ҫ˭
ɷġԲ˦ߣ֡
ǵǸߣȥ˵³çꡣ
ٳţ·һ㣬ֵػϣṲ̊ʱڣȴȻڼðȣڽûѣҲûнѷε£ΨһʶֻĻǣż𣬻ȥ棬ֻǳ̤벽
Բʩһ档
˿ſѧ˵ģźܺá
˵֪ܶ࣬⽭Ǯ£֪غң֪ʩ˿ǸͿѧ˵ľȫȻһ˶ܼû֪𵽵ʲôôģҪԿһһźá
ֻ˽¼ףʩլǸ֮ͨңŷȴصúϣլԺǵִ߽Ŷ⣬Ҹ˴ȥһʱҲʵˡ
լӸԶܻƵʩȽػкӻᣬǹԺĴӣ¥Ļ涷ޣҪóֵĲӮŻǵЩһ㡣
ղ𣬺üӴ𹲾۹ЦҺͬǲϣ²ɾ㸮
ڶҲᡣ
ҷϽ˼ңݵ÷ŮţվĵطҪˮϴһ绨Ů࣬ҪӶ
ȥױдİɶһȥ¥лĽʣһӵϣɡ
һͶ֣գգۣò㣬ֱߵһΣһȥҷп
Ӻ趼ԶЩ
һЯ¥ѷŴ򿪣ǰһƣЦøͷиˣÿĥӲݣ˵ľʶյģҪһ档
Ÿ꣬ſڵĶѰֱֱվһžΥḶ̌־ϲְˡ
û뵽ǸǡԲ
ȻѾסվ׽ס˶˿˵
Բˡ
á
Բ
£ͱǲһġ
ЩûмˡĿ˰⣬һ꣬˷ǡ
Ϊλ⣿һӲ΢ЦȥŽ˵Ȣھ٣δüϲ
ҽ񴺲ŵ뷨跨һ棬ȴֻԲǰվ
Ŀʹ⣬էһȫȻƲסԼģ˵⼸顭ȫ֪ÿһÿһҴûں޹
ʩã㣬ǡԲҧӷ죬ÿÿҺ޲һǵĿࡣ
ûʲôǣֻ
ԲɫЩ԰ףƽЩȥˡ
Ҵ뿪ѿڶ뿪Ǹ¹ޣ
ü⣬ĬĬǰˡ
Բ˼
ӹúܺáĿЩ룬Բġʵɲˡ
̬Щ⣬ȴƶֿġ
Բһ˫ξԲǻɬŭ˲ʱס˿˿Ծ˽üá
˼ǰһ棬Ÿο𰧰ˮȴû˵ĵȻ
ĹúãôֵطԲĿʹǰյдҵţ˵ñȺҲ֪Ѿˡط͵͵һ桭¥ū˵Ǳʩ¥Ļȼǵߵʱҵʩұã⼸ҲĴõ䣬˶ҡδǰ˵õһ԰յϢʱĺޡ޲õ˴ˡֿ֮꣬ڿ˵飬ôҡô㣿
˿˵Щ
ңλҲһֱãȥλˣȴʩ˼ˣڽյðݼˣԭѰ㣬ȴĴαӣֻȥլӼլпϿʵҺ˶̽õ״һ棬ȴ˿̽һǰϢҲų²ߣطꡣԲɫʹֺ˵˺ܶľ¡Ѿ˺ӡ޵ǸɷãҲǱˡһ٣ٶĲɢԵõ˾أеκһ׮Ǻϡ
áԲˣбӦģߣòùӡ
˵
֪ѰãҲ֪Բ֪ʩǰࡣ
ʵԷʼܿһߣѾں
ԲעǰŮӣݹ࣬ü񾲣ÿ˶ڱøһ㣬ֻͣԭأºͷֻĹԣûĥİֵá
ãȥĶ
Բ˲¡
Լ˼ңȻȢûһȫķӰʲôϵǸİˣ·ƽҲҪεοΣĿ֡
ȥﶼãֻҪϲھͺãƾʩڲСԲճȭһֱã񡭡ðҵҲãֳҲáңҿ뷨ӴߡȰڽһסùɵӣʩʲôӦԡ
˻ٻؽҺ˶԰áԲ¶ģҵ겻֪飬֪ùʲôӣ֪ˣ;ί
һų֮ģüӣ򴽣лԲĺ죬Ĳء
ҺһҲԲ˵ÿһ仰ԣѾӡ
ʼվԲԶûһˣʵ治ΪҷЩ˼
Բԭأ㡭㲻Ը뿪
˰βŵԸ⡣
ΪʲôϾΪʲôԸ⣿
ʲôýġ𣬡ھõĽ
Ը뿪ʩǸʼն޺ˡ
á
ǸЦֱۣ¸ҵŮǸ˽δӣǸҪʩҳֵĶС㣬˽⽭Ǯķ¼סҲҪӯµ
ʩ̫Ŀ࣬Ѿȫ֮£
Բͷʹ
תҪߡ
ŶãʹסҴûڹ¶ںڡúá
ǰŮӶסŲ
Ҷûлģֻúãʩߣʵܶ¶֪һ棬ʵҲסԲһֱ㣬ҪҪϸ˵롭Ժô
˼Ƭ̣ûоܾȻԣֻѰ֮أΪԲΪá
Բ΢΢ʩ񣬳ӡ
⣬ЩɫСʵŹΪôҲ˾ӣһʱͿŴӦǣߴŵġ
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̫ƽµʱڣδʲôʹƷпҲֵıĵز˰˿ɲ飬ǼðļͣǰѰֵͬ٭һĪеˮذס滧񼡣ȥǣԽԽ࣬鵽һͿˡ
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ԲʩҲգŨüЦЦԲЦ䣬˻оյʷ˽ʱͬգټĹݡ
Ŀײһ³ɺ޽Уһԣ֮䰵ӿн֮ʩȻԲͷ˻֪ʵԩ·խҲҳֻԼ˽½ύԲ±ʩ֪
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͸⡣
ԭΪΪض
˴ϣԭǴǮ˭һȥַɣΪ˺ˬΪ򱧲ƽΪϧ
ˡ

һ࣬ټôͷʵʹѵδȷۿ죬ǰǣ֣ᣬ§ڻþʣþ
ӵţͷҲ΢΢ݣůӣΪԼ뿪Ǯȥδϵⳡ棬־ڼǼͻȻһ᣺лҡ
§ʹʹһأϲӣúӣܿˡ
͸ģҵĹ
ӺʩһվڣʩƽǰԲ֪ףʧԶӭһžۣҲǡʱ򣬴
Сӳ½ǣСοӣˡ
СƣԭСƣСǮУ˾ͰСƴ
СƣҲ˰ЦᣬֺЦСƵķᣬתΪϲһԺѣЯż˵֣ߣȥͷ˵
˸ֹסᣬһ·ŽԺԼжʮδ̤һһﶼĿͥԺ߹ʯǼʹȻɣǷ᷿ǽǣȴòипǧֽסвɬɬꡣ
ԺҲڣǮرãǰţй
ⶼʩҵĽãһŴЩк
˿ŲͥԺʯʯ϶Ÿɫǡ
ЦҸ˵ɣǼʰЩǶǳõߣСź˳ףӭ׵ӶˣȱСŵˣûʱţ˯ͷ¾㱸硣
أü־ֻ̣𣺡Ҫ
ͷ
ϻһϲĽԧųиģ˵һɽѣ棿
Ȼ档
Σܼޡ
˽Է裬ɫݣɽ֮գҲȱϲ衣
ģҧץ֣ɫŨü޸
Ը
ǮǮ㲻ȥô
ˡȻȥˣҲٻͷ
˲ģأصԵ־ôɢˣ
ҺѾֿˣߣҲңҲԵ΢̾飬ˣûˡ
ǱƵġȣǱ˭Ӻʲôӣ㻹֪ôأǿ߹ģʱǸá
ҷǼ޲ɡ˵Ļһ޸ġ
Ϊʲôѵʩ㻹òңߣֶ̫ǰĿôͿ
ˣȻ΢Цҽôһ˻һֻʹ֡򵥵㣬ЩǲǸɣȥô·ţ֪ġ֪ģԵġкá
Щ飬ۣǾѲˣǾͽԼٵ㷳գ֣Ҳûʲô
еĲ豭ĻЦ̣ͻȻںҪ˵ĻԥҲ˵ڡ
ȰգȻЩʧ䡣
ʩͣڸסӣˣºСƶźһʱַǷ
ʲôأʩȻվ˫ۻס࣬ϵ㡣
ûʲôѡ˳С
˾ñط꣬Щʲô̯СĦŰĶǣƺ̫ģ
ûУҺܿġϸӦﲻ̫ԸҼ޸㣬ִ˰գЩΡ
ôȻҪһ˵ǡͻȻЦˣѹ米ϣѹߣҪĴĲšһֻͷ
ഥշתϣ׷੣
糺죬룬˱ңҪһɽҲҪͬ
ʩҸ˰ŵӣԭү鷿ĳ˼дھľᡣ
̩뻹ԭòֻǧѻˡ
ϴͣ˺Ȳ˵վŵĵطǡǵĸױڻУ˵̸Ц֮
һҹշתδߣǰŮӣ֪̾Ǻá
ϸģݣüдͷ£ƺԴ˼ʵƺϵ԰ӣҴ԰߹ָ֪Ӻν
ۿ᣺ʵҺԵʮǰʽ΢ʱ˼ҾլĸߵŮֻʮδ̤С
ѹˣԭȵҲţԵֺԵػعʵء
һֻ֣еϣǵӣĸŮһǮǰ㡣
׸⣬ֻҲܺá΢ЦڼĴߡ
ҡͷǣһһļǰ᷿ļǾ
ģԭһƬյأСүҪϣٳһƬط
ԭͤͤӣʱҵֵӡ
˻صݣƿԲһݣطǰδ䣬줚[ǸСӵӣʱһ࣬˯ҡ
Ҳô
Ҵˣϧˡ˿Ĩᣬº׷Ҵ·ֻȰũңֲһ˸ط٣ȥǼũ׸ˣҵĺǣǨؽ꣬ĸĸֽᡣ
ᣬЯס֣޺ޣ㣬㵱Ҫ޸Ǹʩ
СŮǡҩҩ˵ǰˣҩˡ
żҩĿ⡭
׽˽ǵ壬õĲҩ
һҩ¶ǡ˸ҽܺõҽҺܿҲиˡ
֪ǷףҺһһʵĸס΢̵ҩ룬ЦЦĵǺûš
ǰǮҶȰӦţȴ̫ܲġ˳ʱҲ㣬ȥӣҲֻԼ֡
ǻġСŮϣ˿۽УסӡٳŮӱ֮ƾĶۣҵ䡢ӣѾ֪ùŮӡ
ǲ̫ˡգգۣͻȻ˵ƤЦЦΪʱ
˿þã̾˿ðɡðɡ
˳ÿգȥһԲԲ϶źİ빣һֽ֧ȦȦ㣬˹Ҿ밲˼Σ
ЩӣۿʩˣǾٰüмӡ
ԭǮȰڽ꿴˶ԲȻͷҪµҲ档
ȫˣʣµŰɡ
ǱˣԲǱ߿ж
Բüһѻ𣬲ʩҵļδҲлһ̿͵Ĵڽԣ̿һ⣬ҵˣҵӪ˴룬æڴ£ٳδš
ζĪʩС˷Ż𣿡
ڴֳ̿ġ Բ鰸סʹۣҵһ׮СճʵѲδʹУڳЩ
̾˿
Բҵһ׮۵С˾иС˸ѿݵᣬǰСſоͬ٭淢͡ԲѴ˰ǷΣСľǳʩұ괬еһţǸٿϹдɣʶͣƽͣӡ
׮Ӻ϶Ϊһһ׮ββ
δʩӪжϣʩͷһȻ٣ʱв˳Ա񣬽һӪսпڼң̸ӳΣȥ¥ͣ¡
ͬסʩңʱڸУʱҲżˣĩʱڣˣҹʼˬ
ǳҽҩҩһΣ˯ǰһ룬һҽһϽкҲٷ䣬ҲϺã˼ζҩģԷԸÿպš
ӹѶس̵ĴѲڶɿڣֻһȥ֪ʱټӶʩпȰദֻأȴһֱ㵱ֶԴԻСģԺǿЩҲʿɶֹ󡣡
Ȼʩ̱ء
ӿŲԶֵСԼӳɻ飬ţͺ֮ȥĸķǰɣ֮飬Ҳյðο
˵Ŀһϣ֯Ŀȹ紵ȹǣƮƮȻƽڿڲ鿴ϸĲã׵
֣̾ͰиˣвأЩĪ;
ͷ
ӿһһ֪ģ̲סڣԵҲǽ٣ʣΪЩ¡
̷֪ġ
˿ӳԶȥһڳǣȥ˿
Ȼƺ̡
һ꣬Ͼǣӿ˴ӦѧӣػߵԢסˣո֣¥ݴɼʫָ¡
ʩЯⲽȥĩķػӵĳ΢΢ЩȣٺֵȺü
֪⣬ÿڼҲЩͣͻȻðʣ鷿ͣˮɫϳ˼ǳţҲֻǺһ̵꣬ʵ˶һʱȥ٣ƽǱһʵӣ䲻֪٣ҹƴ˵ļƣӦҲǳѪʣ༸Ҵ˴Σ˽ݣĽ
ˣȥɡ
߬ǰߣиֵؤؤΣͻȻŤͷ˫۾ѩһǣǺã
ͷͻȻһ죬˼ãǵֵز
ҲǧɢҲ޷ġ΢䣬ߣҴûԹ½ʳĿ࣬һˣҸǺá
ûϵ΢ЦϾҪˣ빲ʲôӣҶԡ
ЩءĿ䣬ζ
ôɡһ壬档
ô桭ϸָ±ۣϱζߴһ΢Ц
ȥ󲻹գŸˣ˺乣ɫУŲҴҶԭĶԼң˽Ÿ淢˵ʩҷ˽Σͨ˾е׮֮һҪʩȥʻ
ڶһ磬ȻŵĹٲƱǰʩȥʻ
֮ʱ˶ڼУǰԺĺϲָһָ߳һѪָ⡣
ǴݲȵĻۣȹüͷȣ˶ӣϸײˣȥ
ҹʩѾʻѣֻϼޣŶͷһյ裬ɳƶһˡ
ʩ鷿̸ҹȥһָֽһɣǰֽ漴Ʈڵء
ȥ񣬿ͷд֣ٽһ׮׮״л߳١Źծ˽ΣūסϬڡ
ԼĶͷָסüģͷֱķǷϣҵһμͨ˾ĲˣԭȾ̲ĹԱ벻ʩһգҲʣúǳ⣬ٿĪ磬ֻأҲǿЦ
ֽдġ棬٣ɫ԰
ۿͻȻЦü⣬ЦݼޣأЩ棿Щ٣
ܲ棬鲻Ǽ٣ֶβƾֽϵУʮأͷ߳亹촽ףȸϣҶ£ˣ
˶չû˵ֽ֣ڵϣżĿĿһǻ԰Ĺ㲻£Ҳ¡
һЦ֪Ǻд
ҡͷ
㾹ȻԼδֶˣǺдšЦȴ䣬ȻСţʲôġ
ԲعԲкˡ
һ죬ϵԼĿϸɫеŭЦĽʮ㣺˵ЩӣΪδڣʱʱܴ죬ԭԲڱ£ʷ̨ˣڷҵİӣ뱨ʲôǱҶ֮ޣǱɱ֮һλͷȻҲ˹֪ʲô˼ҪҺεأ֪գҵ統꽫Ūһϡ
ˣɫͻȻҰܣݺҧĿйǻ𣬿ǰˣΪԼУԶòģͻȻֿܣ˾Ϻ
ɢЪ˽ЪϢƽ壬ưƽ̹СϣΪʲôôˣûж
ҲͷԼСǣ⡣
ﱻ⼸ֵĻ̻̣˽粺֪£Ҳʣֱڿ죺һˣ£ȫˣȥ󷼶Բأ˵Ӿڹȥˡ
ֵŶԲйԼŶĻԲŶųһ
ءˣзӡ
ҲȰԸ⣬ҸһȥߡҲãȥҷԲ˵顣
ʩĮֻ棬ǾͻŹң֪ѩϼ˪
㶣ҵĴ
ҧߣסʲôҶվһ𡣡
ʩûлͷԹߡ


125 
ٽջʱ򣬽ʱ˰磬˸ľѣҲ뷼ͻȲ裬͵УЦһ׳⣬ҽ
ϯգͻȻ⣬鱦硣
˼ʱ߰°ͣĿ俴ʩ
϶һҫĿʧį׾ߣü䣬ƣȻǲʱ
յ󣬼ʩȻҪֺһϴǰܣ֪ĿģǶȻĵ޲ýʩǧУȻҲҪ
˵ʹˮƽţһҲż
ۿڵϣȶҿʮͷڴǰԼ䣬ʲôʲӰӷһš
ʩͷתžƱű˵
ǴѧԸɣģ
̲סãжԲסĵطʩҴ꣬ǿ繩ѣ㲻䳰ȷδҲ˵ġ
ģ֪ʲôģ֪ʲôüԣĿ纮ʲô֪
ֻǾЩƣ룬ƣԼҲƣ߱⣬ػزЩһһ飬ûû˵ģʼսѲá
ʩü¾ƱվҪߣ̧ͷŷ¶̵ЦԼѾͷСҲմմϲΪɽ֦ͷܵˣ
˶ˣɫ࣬ҧ飬Ŀֱ߰ϵյͷʧУʩˣӦãôȥ
յͷϻһϸСѪۣĲо˰ͷĺ˿䦵ð߲Ǳ
ֱԼӣ¶Ц̧ȥ
һĬȥѪŤͷų⣬ɱһǧ֮ģ
㲻ȥԲڣԺ󡭡ΣԶЩ
áջ־֪ˡ
֪гʮͨӵĹϵҹ˰£ն˳һڼҡ
˿ÿŷ㶣Ȱοҳߣɢɢİɡ
ҲšǸϲ꣬СٶƽȥģСȥ
ȥׯɨҷ㣬ЩգҲȥһݡЯ֣СһȥɣҲԶһռء
룬סլӵĹϵȥһȥҲ޷˼ӦϣֽǮһ˳ǡ
ׯڸɽֻһС԰ûڻĲݴУóرûзٰ죬ԶмũÿʮӣǷ㡣
ʱҲҴ޷ؽĹԭһշ˻ԭҲ
ʵֻһǸ׺Ͷӣһĸ׺ŮʣһССǶᡣСǸӡ
ǺǨķأûĸ׽ᡣͷϲСֺཱུģ飬жɰ˻ЦʱҲʮ꣬ĸȥźרЩ
ֲá΢ЦֲøǮ߼ң˵ҽоɫЩ
ʱϴ˰ɣǰѰҴϳ𣿡
ǰ˸п֣СţҲΪСػˡ
𣿡
񡣡翣ʱǸСӤСѣЦأһЦʱ򣬾رۣ۾ˣҵ˶Ц
ЩˡȻҸһɡ
һվţÿһĹ㣬ֽߵСضѣʯϿ̵֡
¶ʮˣ겡
ͷᣬ󣬹ȥĹ˸ͷ
ͷͻȻģѹһʯͷѹ
صУǱĺڳȻᣬŮȥЪϢԡ£ͷʪķ
ܰڼеʱ򣬾͸ľڼУͳ˵ŰݷãЦ
ӻôȥңȥؼ
ȥʩʱҲѽҹ϶Ǿɫף̺죬һ˫ۺڵڣ׵ѩףȻǺȵò١
Ųңһͷڴϣ衣
˲ȥֺһյż첲͵һקϣһ˫΢ۺͽü˶̧һҧסĴƵڴϡ
ΪƵĹϵᣬĿܣڵĺֱɫͣЪǿ˵ȥɨҷĹ
ţ˭ңɤҲƣݾƵĺ
ӵľˡ̧ͷüͷᣬһƣģһˣһ𡣡
ؼžۣҲûʲôãܱԹ߿ޣĺá
ôŴգգɬۣҲĿ˯ȥ
ҽֵʩǸӳ£Ǵ֮ҩЩЧãֻҩȣһУͣ
ҽüҡҡͷҪζ²ҩټӼζҩȥճãЧΡ
ʩǡҲߣҽ˼ھ棬ҽӺͷ˳׼أ
ʩҽ˼ӦÿչޣһֱδϢ
Σɻ
ûʲô󲡣ӹһ򻹲ҽʣ˴ǰСʱγҩģеʱķӣʱôҩ²
ʩȻüѹδС֢֮
⵹ǹŹ֡ҽֹɢӦǡ
룬Щ⣬ʩش
ҽ⼸ÿ£ʳůӺʱ𣬷˿ʼ²ʹη
ʱǲйѪ֢֮˸
ҡ촽ƫƫ˵
ȥСƹʩվߣŤͷˣļȡ
СƼǵõģӸǳ֮ʱй̶̼յĸʹڽ⽭ȥ·ϣѪʪѣ߶㣬ʱʼÿ¹ˮʹԽԽ
ʱǼ䶼СȫȻЩţΪԼǹˮҲѹûϡ
ҽջ֣ˣʱĲʱʲô£ǳԺʲôɾĶ
ģſڣҪ˵ȴɬҺȹһڴ׹ٵľơ
ǱƣιģҲǳǳһڡ
ʱĸʹΪ׹ٵԵʡ
ǲ¡ӦǷ˶̥׹پƣ̥ҽ̾˿̥ûɾûкúõ̫ͣ˲ηʹë
ֻҽ˵һƬհףʩվߣ½Ƕ̵ģһһ˫塣
ɼһֱû¡ҽջҪúõС
ʱ˱衣
ԭʱѾС
ǿ׹ٵľƺͳӡҲ˸е̥
޳Ӧ֪Ǹÿ޸Ц
ʩȥҽţʱڣȴסŲ˫ĿӽǺ죬߱üҪңתȥ˷衣
Ƭ֮󣬶ѵһǴյݺҵصﻩ죬һȣ
ƽһʧ̬
ŶϵĶڵһ䣬һεΡһϡ
ŮЩ㷵ģСЩѶĶˣӡ
ʩҹûڼУҹÿֻ˻ȡãСȥؼңȴʩ˻
ҹڵ¶ڽ£ô˯
ҵ㡣վǰ¡
Ũľ֬۵ڻһöĿ֬
ס֣ͷһ˫ɲ⣬ͻȻǯס򦣬ʹ̧ͷĴӡϡ
˫־סֱۣӭǿӲǡ
ֿҧʹüݼ߳Ѫ飬ҧ˴Ѫ˱븹ϢѪĿС
ʹʹ򢼸Ҫ飬ȫս㡭
ڿͣŹѪ˿ܲ絶
Ը޸أԸӣأҵǸءҵĺӱĸ׶ڸУұ
Ҳ֪Ĳ֪ڿ޳ʱ֪ԼС
㲻ߣ㲻ñҩôнյľ档ҧгݣӼŤҵһΪ㣬˵ñ裬˵ӿɰұͣҩҪȢӣôҵģ
ôޣΪĲޣ죬ҴûԹһˣҵõʲôҵõĶģʩġ
ʩƿ·ͻȻסŲЦһǸõڻϣˤŶȥ
ƷͻȻȥͻȻԾǰǸ޺ϲǲսζ
Ǹϲǳһǳ׻ˡ
⼸ղסʩңѣ֪£ǰס
ⶼҾȡﲻذοҡһ˫۾ʵĵẢӣǰ룬Ϊʲôÿ˶ҪӣĵײԸҪһһĺӣҺ£ĺ¡
ǸҶĶѪôѪҧŴ۾죬ңһƶҲҺĺӡ
˰§Уܿ㰡ʹ㰡ʲôˣ
ͷβܹʲô࣬һԸǿ㣬ùֶΣǶٶһ㣬³СţǮԶˣǹӡ
ҡҡͷɪһصȥô
ܾǰʹˣŮңΪŮӲףѣǸҪׯ񣬲ܵõȫ
ΪŮ˾ҪһȾҪ壿ЦߣѵǾҪʱʱ̣̿ԼԼ覣
ֲƽȵѵǲûø˽飿ϾܱԼˣֻԼ
ҴԼдҲãҲգֻΪԼøЩۣǲĴģûҵΪһǲǻ᲻һ
ûд˸ͷһʼľԲأǱˣӦûúҸ
ֻã˲ˡļ򣬡ϻкܶ飬õġģ֪ġ֪ġʲôʹ࣬ǾͲĴ
ĸŮһ̾ĬĬϥϣһ˫ۿŴĴɫ̣ɫ
пգҲʱԲԲȾ糣ģ֪ǰ٣˵˵ЦЦȥǰ̲סƻߣ£С㡭
ţ
ɷܵǸӡƴЩǸӱתֳȥˣĻƶùǮˡС㣬ǹӳʲôôԵ˵˺ܶ࣬ӽ˴鷳ͷŵծЩծӡ
СȥȡǮﻹбӣȥա
С㣬Ҳ˼ƴǣɷ˻ƣﲻƵġ
С㣬ֻӸŹӴӽ꣬һӼҲȱǮӽֱߵĶȥˣӴûмɥʱ򡭡ЩֻǾòܡ
ʱˣҪȥһܿµı飬ȴʲôЩ¡濴𣬡ӻ𣿡
֪ϵӶʩߣΨʣеЩδ
޷شµ⣬뿴𣿡
Ȼ롣ҡͷӻǸӺˣģͷܾÿյġ
ǻˣ΢΢ЦЦ֣ȥɡ
˳ȡʩϴѣס⼸նʲôʲôʱ
˳ͷƽˣ⼸չӰŷÿͣͣСҲùʲôʱֻСĻȡӡ
ӶֳȥˣЩʲô
˳ǺһЦСҲֻ֪չЩѣϻ˶ҸմϹϵдͷͷûôӣֻüʲ
ϸʣɫ磬ӻһȥһˡ
ϣУˣҲøϻˡ
Ҫߣ
⸮ҲûĳҪ飬Ծʹˣؼҹɢӡ ӶֳȥӶʩҲû֮ء
ĳʩҴʮأӽŵ꣬Ҳѹӷ˵˿˴һ𣬲֪Ƿ֮գ˱塣
ۿ΢ȣһϻҵһ⣬¡
ҡͷлǱ߶లˣ˵ĺ졣
ǰԺ徻ڣҲڣֻһڼУʱʱȰǮ˵ǻѶǴҪ޸ġ
ɵӣ֪޸ʲôѿڶԲȫЩ֤֪ʲô³
֪ͷ
ڳǰҷЦGʩˣҲŸ̤Ҽͺñè֮󼪡
ڼʲôأȥ̣һڼҲô
ϰˡһƣԣأĶ
ǼӵĶۣЦԲҲæÿմҴҲӰҲڼţٳš
ʩӻ𣿡ҹҹ󣿡
һۡ
ֱۣҸԲͲʱ﷢ⲽʩӸǵر̫һʺ񣬰Բ޵İָˡ
ʩӻˣô죿
Ҳ֪
վԲߣվʩߣ
ȥһ֣Ҫ֣ѹǷŰʱ¹չǽ½ǣ̸Ц⡣
Ϸ̨ϳѣһǵƤӰϷ̨ǰȴֻȼߣ̨ݵһǡǴ԰ŮһֻԵһĹ£ʩʱǹĻ
ôˣ΢ͷϻһذ꺣ĻüȴģɫҲЩĮ
ȰؼҡϾҪˣ֮ء
ô˵ϵĮȥͻȻһ˿΢ЦڻȻˣǾȥɡ
¥Ĵߺò˴ףϵģҲвϵõģһȺ̿Ц죬٬ۣҲΪֱ۴ͷ沩ϷܲڿЦЦţ塣
ҹ̫ػӵƻЪʩ¥ЪϢǼӣ²ó˹봲齣ʱһ˲ѹ֣Ǽȵ˷ܣԴӱ괬ºݷһֻޣѡ
˫ɢڴأʳָķ䣬˳ĳϵѻģȴȹ˺飬ϣյüۣΪʲôҪӪˣӶҳô죿
ҪһǮԹЦˣǮʩʲôʱ
ס˫ϥǳװɣøǲٰ£ϲӵؼһһۡ
ǰϲԲأ⽭ˣ񣿡ҲӴ֧һȣЩĶЦǶ򣬿ұ˹飿
áƫգ濴ԡ
αô鷳ɢɻȥĿⷢ䣬ֳɵϲϲףͿɸȽƣϯҲֳɵģһϲ
ҲסһһҲ
ʲôۣƲסҪѵǮ˽ܣϲһȦ˳Ц
ΪʲôҪأü٣ΪʲôҪʲôϵ
ĴӴվĿ̺ŭҧޣΪ⸱˭ɵģΪؽܾǺõģغԲԸң˶ˡ
ǷŹأǲΪǲȥңô㣬زˡԼѡҪ޸صģΪʲôҪȥ
㡢ϵ̧ͷɫ䣬Ŀ𺣬űڴ˸ģˡԲʲôʱԲϹϵģ
Ҹ߹㣬ԲıţƬʲôʱҲ͵͵Ҫ鸴ȼȻҪȰͷʷ񴺷⣬ѣȻҪͦ
ֱͷ䣬ĿҲ䡣
Ұ͸Բĵǲǽ⣿𣿡򢣬ͷŭޣʲôɻЩ꣬ҲûãǲǶûѵΪ񣿵ͷ
ʮͻṴˣǹңȻԲأÿﶼ㡭˽ģСĿȾ߻ǡ
ؿڷۣ˻˻ʩܱܲ𷢷裬Ҳٺ㳳ܡ
ҡĿʹһףһһӡ
㲻ףⲻǺӵ顣ǴഥΪǣӸûϵԶס
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Ǳ˽ӻȥģ֮ǰʩͬ˵ѼⷿЩһҳӣҹ˳ȡ
ĬȻͷʵ̲סƿڴǿھϣҽվҪᵶն㣬һٻΣ
˵ԸžƱ赭дԸ᣿
һۣʩƿۣת
լвٵ޳Сʩ˵Ҫӣʹȥӣ˳ȡӣԸ˽ϻӱһӵķһ˳
˳ŷ𣺡ĶǲҪģⷿǾլӵǮʩ
㡭
ӦõġլӣҲûˡ
ϸſɬοЦ
ļҡǣ֣¾ôɣСҲ֣һͰ㵱㵱ĺӣһʵԭ򡣡
⵱Ե֣ǮСʶСסڤڤעһ㣬ƾԲñط꣬үվп۵ʱ򡣡
ζ
ֻǵԼֽСţӦһũĺӣСʱ⽭һģҵǸڽֺðȥ
ӣܿˡ˽ס£ǸԲס㣬ҵֳǮλнգĵ׵ھα˭ࡣ
ΪңΪġڲԭǡ
ֻΪ˵Сʱ⽭סҾ֪Ҿ֪ˮʱ̫СˣʲôǵˣҲΪˡ
ԡҵǽ𣿡 ƮƮסɬ۾̫ˡ
ǾǴȥġ䣬ĶҪˣǰŵ꣬Һž͸ʩָҵΪǹ°ʹңֺϵҪĵҵĲ֪ôǺá
˱һЦһϣϲᡣ
иңԼĵҷǰͷʱӿȴǱˡ
д˷Żؽʺϲ״˴Ǿ׶ǺǲǸز۵Ů
յϲʱȥһҷء
ֵȷĸ׺˴ΣĸװƸӣԼ˼УԾڼҡ
һм˾ˣһ澴һ׶ֻӣܾĥѣƺչĸ梵ķ㣬ǮҲչмӣһ·׷浽
䣬֮󣬽Ҷ価˻˼޵İ¡
ֱߵ׶Ѿƺˣ˳Щûлؼң˼Ķ£ȥһ
Ѿ˵ůڣ˱ǡ
ɫƺ̫ãŲֳأֱֱȥסʩӣʩͷ¡ȵȣȥ¥ͨһ
Ƭ֮ʩһģ˳ɳƽ͵ģôˣ
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ͷʹĶ֪ˣȥɡ
ңҵֽҵԼĸ
Ʈôϲ
ΪزˣǾߺǣʵŮ˵Һ͸һ˽ǸӵĹǺȥʩҰᣬ˳㿴ϲ
ԭҪߣ˻תһ˫ƣۿƽĵȴ֪ʲô
ؽɣһ˫£ģʱȥʲô·䣬ֶꡣ
ͷָŮϲŮĹǺȥ
̫ˣȥסЩӣůٻǯơ
˳§סϣȵ;õ㣬ĵġ
ȥڽ꣬ҰЩ鶼ɾҾͻؼҡɤСţҪߣʱ㲻ߡ
֪ĵײʹ졣ͷȥܹЩ࣬ûЩҹǸӣҷеѪ
Ťͷ㿪ǣסۿᣬ֪ɣʲôʱ֪ģ
ʱ˵ˡָ⸧գȥǮȥأʱû㡣
ǲʧȥģСš˭ʲôԶߵá
ôôɡ΢Цµլӣԭļңҽüξ飬ʱ򶼲ͷ㻹ǻңԭס˭ǹʲôӡ
⣬ڤڤеעɺϡɤɳͣүҲڳȫ㣬Ҳڳȫҡ
ôЩǰһʩҵʱһ졭ҺϲԹһγ棬Թ棬˿ϲлһǸдĺãǾͰϲ鷿Ҳд˶ϡ
¶ʮաϲŸңǳԳǸӣҲ¶ʮա
úõӣƽ޹ΪʲôҪԳ棿
ʱ֪֪˭𣿡ƿ֪ȴһֱ졭ȫңǧټҵңࡣ
ҳĬ
ܶǰصǸ
ΪʲôܸңΪʲôҪңˣǲԶ֪ԭҵֽԭҳڽ꣬ԭе梣ԭԭҵĶʱ˻ңҹң
Ϊ˶ˣ㲻Ҫ֪Ĺȥ塣㲻֪ģͲʧȥҺαʧȥ˵ʹࡣ
㲻ʹ࣬ҺҪҪ֪ںʲô֪Ҫʲô
ٻڣһһ׽ˣˣܶ鶼᲻һҲúǸãһ͵ʧ̬
۽ޣסڵۣ̾˿ɤ䣺˵ĴڣȻһĿɽǲΥҵԸƾʱܴнֻ֡¶ԹͷŻҵĻŻԹԴ
ɫƽ᣺Ҫȫң˶ĺòֵһᣬҲһˣѪǱһġ
ҡͷն˵㰮ңҵġİңǰԼ
֪ҲסԼļ˵ǰݼԼ˫ףҲԸԲΪ⣬ҲؽΪҲ֪˵˼ء
ߣҼգͨ˾İҲҪˣҷѾ࣬ر̫лʮܱԼһڣǼҲͫԲһ˿Ц⣬ԸԸܿ
ֻʣˡáָգ棬Ը⣿
俴³֣Ը⡣
ŤͷżЦЦŴϣǼģ
ۿЦ
Цˣֿȥ§Ĵµɫ̲ϣӸһ仰һҶҪһ𡣡


126 
Բеİӳȥǰһ档
˺ڣ˰һƲˣѩȥ¯̾ƣȥͷкͲˣֻů
Բʱ˵ϲ
ֻһ仰𣿡
ԲԺô죿
޸ܺãչҲл㡣žյһֱȰȥǮסӣůȽ⡭
ҲȥϲҲޢޢͶŽ㡣
ԲȻͷо򾡣һ귷30˽50˽һ붼Ǻ͹»̫ϻﷷģճ͢ɷ˽ζǧն
Щǳ͢ԱƵֶΣȡһ򴽣Բ硭Բ硭
΢΢űоҲڵ
ֻЭо˾̲飬ѶҲ֪ԲüͷȻǧӸɣˡ
ιһ£ĩ붬ȴʼĻأȴûڴС￪
һ档
ҹʱתѡ
ǵԼ˯Ҳ֪Լλڴϣ֪Լ֫αڴϵġ
һ㣬ѬͷǣŻ¡
ڴ
ѾһδɫЩ㲣ɫȴɢĮģŵ
ʲôšüͷͷʹѣɤƣͼϵΪʲôҰţ
ҪҪ̣ղкܳһʱ俴㡣΢ЦЩӣûң
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ûУᴭĿγûС
ĿһǣŵЦˣ֪㵱ȻûУȫһ׹ٶңαôӡ
㲻áĶ˵㲻Լ֡
ָһšߣǱΪҲ֪ʲôֻ˽㡣
ﻹԹңôԹҡҲ㣬ʱ޲㣬̲С
ⰸҴŲȫˣи³촦ʬءʱôأú·ôػԲ°ʵģ
ˣ㻹᲻ǵң΢Цһļǣ޷ܡϿҵӡǣأ
ʣȡһϸ롣
ź⣬д糤ͷõĲ롣ʩҧۿ죬סȫһ㡭
ȸԺͱ˻õʱ򣬶ܿʩˡ
Ŀ⣬ϣסһֻ˯İ񣬷ɫ๣õĵط
ӯˮǲǷˣ
û衣̽סһ˫ʪۣͷȥɺԵĴ𶯣ܿͽˡ
ڼϵʱһʩ
ҪҪۡ
𣿡ͷǴʹḧοɢϾͲˡ
ʹ೤ּģ󽥽ľ֪
ƫͷͷ棬ĿնҡΪʲôܶҺһ㣿ΪʲôԶҸһЩ
￪ʼһ㣿Ŀ࣬
ʼʱ򡭡
Ҫζأ
ҵĸ硣Ҳ㡣
ŤͷһۣĬĬţʪͷԶԭ㡣
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ԲɫưĿ俴
ТΪƮƮһ仰ҷ෿ȥ
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һ㱨̲Ȼŵս֮س
Ϣ˲סԼɷ򣺡ǡܻ𣿡
ҡҡͷ:Ҳлᣬ˵Ҫ̫ӣ̫Ӳ⣬Ӧд⣬ܸĳʮض
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ʩڱϣ֧һȴۣͷ΢΢ţһ˫ݵīͫĬĬעɤɳƣʲô
ͷʳд򿪣ǰƣԵ㶫
դĿתʳ˳ͻȻ̽һֻѪ۵֣߬סʩݺݽק壺ҿ㡣
ţһק嶼ײľϣ̲ס˻
ʹҧŴڣ۾
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۾ôˣʲôʩЦڿʼˣ
ְ߬ϣҪϽϣһֱֻ̽ķãЦһǱָһѣ»ȣ˻ƣҿ
ڣͼѣȥظ
ʩȻӦĳӿסؿڣ˦֡
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ӵϲվ½ںãĿһۡ
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˭˵Դ˭˵Ӻζ
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粺ͷͳ˳ǣѺĹٲ˲ٵǰ׼ʲֻ·Щࡣ
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ҲˣһӣЦ˵ڽڣ漮Ǻݣ˴ؼҵǨء
粺ͷϸ㣬ŵ·ߵúܿ죬ٲӣչ˵ҲΪڣ·һûʲô
յݵؽ磬ǰͷݻʮ·˶ëƵĴѩҹϲ·ٵмջֻڴ˴Ъš
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һϵѩڵΧŻ¯õ·綳ûľֻһȲ⺮
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ջǰŴŵ꣬ǴѩɽΧʮﶼѩ£߳ȥҲǸҲͷ𺣣ᶼؽ긮
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þѰ㽥ĬΪԼһΡ
Ķ䣬εۡ
ٽСﻹ֣ƽæµѵ۵ʱ򣬴ҳ⣬Լһҳڵӡ
һССĺӣȥè׽ӵϷһСŮЩײ˿ˣΧסæҡ
ޢޢޢޢɤӴ󺰣ƤŸ㣬ײ˵ܵá
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粺ҲŲԼҺӣǼСӣãҪǳײˤˣ˭޴˭ƨɡ
ҲͼžƲ˽ЦҪ˭ƨɣǴŽˡ
λḾˣŮһһҷţ󻹸λ棬ŴĶӿһɰôҶˡ
˿ˡȥԼӣϾҪˣʱܳʲôҪϸЩ
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