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彻ĵ죬ĩٵڶ졣ڴѧУ԰ʳҴ׵жЦеؽ˼׷ϡ
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۾NP;ŮòдMax
ŮĻˣ˳úɶ᣻
ǰղ43117 ӪҺ13689


İͼ2021/9/4

1.   1    

ʶԼʱѾŴѧУ԰ŵĶ飬ߵ㳡ڳϣΧԱʼڷŽղּʾ

յա
̫µĹϣһԾ·˶̲ס࿴ۡ

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ˡ
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ҽԺסԺʱǱĩС˵Խ룬Խ

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С˵УĽ֣ӭʱ

ŴӵԸĸѵܣͬʱĻûб춯ֲİ

ʽʱ
ĩٷϾˣ˽һѱ䡢Ծ



붢Լֱֿ˺ð죬ҧ촽ָù޺۵ֱԴӱϳٰû뿪ҽԺѪ̫ϸʱֱֱࣻ룬ֱϵҲûˡ

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룬ĩеڻŮ䣬ĩٵĵһ죬˲ٻݲݣֲ죬飬
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ѣشѧѧԺ㣬кҵڹõ˺׼֤ĩУǺнͨеҪ

壬شѧϢȫоԺϢѧѧԣպΪо춯ֲҩ˾޴ס



뻷ܣȻ֣ʱ˿̣ڷΧڰףˡ

Զϣƽ塢ʿʼԾˢ塣

ѧԺĹ̶ٳ㳡ڲݵأѧڽпѣεתֵѵѱ֮һпȪˮݸһԾת֣˫ֽգֱתڲݵϽ˳ʮ׵תѵ

缰վ̲ſڣҪͬѧ̲衣걳ͦΣ׳ڳ㣬䵭סֻڿϢ

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ҪȥȻҪȥͱҪȡ
ĩйǵ֡

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жѣ˳С˵֣ɹ춯ֲ󣬼Ϊ䰲ͬȽײŮס

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Ůѩȹӣȹµõĺ⡣չ͸ϸ˿Եǳķ磬ƻõ

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2.   2    ĩǰʮСʱ

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ʱ䣬ʮߵ㡣

شѧũѧԺרҵũѧоš＾ֻʱ֣Ա뷽һȥ¿ʳóԷʳôھ˵˲ٺóԵġ
Ŀǰû˼ȥʳóԷԱǣҴҸϻᣬʰõĶЯУ뿪˵ᡣ

Ŵ󲿷ֳԱũѧԺѧٲȤרҵѧ
Ǻ֮һ
ԭСרҵһʱѿЦһ飬ֱӼũѧоš

йڷд࣬軭򣬹Ե罻ϵȶûἰ²⣬ԭеġ롻ӦǸԵĴѧǰСʱ㱻Աкš롱ò͡

߳벻֪Լڻȥģ˰죬ʱʳöȹ
شѧʳ24СʱͣҵԹʦҹࡢиϰȣƣ֮ʣҹܳԡ

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Ӵһദ忿Լѧϰ֮ļְ׬˲ǮƽѡԡֻȵȣԼ׬ġ׬ǮͬʱܱרҵһĳɼõÿĹ

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ĩУʼԼ֯ʳá

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ʳóΪλʦʱõĵص㣬жڴ˵ء

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ʽŮӻϲķɫ滹׺źżҲûôۡ
ŻԭʳλáϷ˱飬ռͲʳȴԷ⣬ֻɢڲϸϰġ
ٹСʱʳ˻ԽԽ١

ʣ¸ҹĴʵҹʦ

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缰ͷŨܶںڵĽë£̶ͦıǼ⡢΢Ĵꡣ

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缰Ժӵ䳰ҷϢ㣬Ȳ̲裬ûлҡ

Ȼͺһˡ

룺




3.   3    ĩʽ

ڻڼ䣬ٱС˵ŮƵ飬ҲƵ
ԽⱾĩģǱ׼ƵС˵ƫȺжɫࡢΪߣĩٵĩʮʽɡ

ԭ롻һϷݲ࣬ڻŮ䡣

Ϊڴĩǰס
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ܣҲнԡ׷ߡݽӽ˳µմôĩ

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мֲԴǣⷺ죬̧ȭڴߣʲôԵ𣿡

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شѧһ׸õķӡ

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ᵽó׿Ȼ˵ԼڸŵʦʲôݵС

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4.   4    ĩһ

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ʳ˶ݵĳĬע⵽߷ССϢƫͷ峺ĿУһ˿
֣סģǻعЦһ£˳ʮָۡ



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ʳⲿèؿʳڲǡˮͰͰҹѾߣͷֻʣ¿տ޼Ĳ
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˻㱴𣺡ʲôĩ𣿲ǰɣ2012͹ȥˣĩ۲ͱ֤ʵǸҥ𣿡

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ķɫﻹװ˲ٸҲûпֻ˳Ŵ˴

ղųԱˡ˵ŷ

һ죬Ļ̡̻ǲʳڿԼ¥ѧſͷеרҵѧլͷ˲ʳʳƷûд¥ʳôϣҲѧڼŲúһлָ糣ֹأû¥ѧһԺ˳ڴֲ£⡣

ʳ¥ȥѿ¥صŮޣһҪǧס޷ѣ˼ⲿȥѾһĲű͡ҳʵʵڸס

ԭûע⵽̧Ǹ¥ʱȻʶ߷ڴѿҾһ㡣

룬峺ң𣿡

Ĳɵֻ̧˽ڵģʽصк̨ʵмųĳ籦á߿ȥɫز԰Ͱ˵ǡҵġ

㲻üͷţס԰ס΢΢֡



ǰò

ʪĹ⣬Ǳһ¡֪ΪΣȻµĴмֿϲ
ĩʱûߡ

£˴˼໥֡

ôõ¡

ؿ毺áµĲסȴ˿ޱȿɿغҪС˯һߡ

ġٽĿ⣬˵ҵҵļˣ˯š

弹һȻʶ뻹мˣǹһˣǣҡ

ΪԼĴĸеûڣϲɫԲ𡣡

ԲʲôܾȵؿһۣǼķۡĽޣ˵ֵ䡣

ܰʲôæ



һ仰Ҳû˵ֻǰָģ̾˿ûϵ߾õˡ

=
ĩ٣缰ҴҴʵ¥߳ͬ˿ͷҽѧԺĽС֨֨ҽУۺݳʱרʵݵʦʦ㣬ȺСҪҧ˿ˡ
ʦʦڲ˵绰ͨ˲мңպסУ԰оʿ޶ͬסһλʦ֣Ļһˡʵ¥µͣʿʦճпɽسûȰһҪɽسء

賿㣬··ֲҳʱʱ˶۴ܹ

缰ûʦ֣һʦʦڻҰչ£ؿŶԷӰ뿪

òԣۿʦŵıӰԽԽСʧڵ·ͷʱһ
복ʱײ켫ơ

һʦ죬סУɫ԰ѿ

һʦ־ûסҪϵȥ·Ǳ߿˭Ҳˣڣȥ

϶ǳɶ£ҵùȥ־˵ţҪֻסУ⣬ƽʱǿСѧУģͣʵ¥׵ͣͷֻﹲ

ɨɨźŵȵȫʧ
־ˣæ֮£ڲʶûźŲɨ롭

ʦɫ԰ףţǲǴҹȥ
һ˵Щʲôһ̣缰ٵõȵ˵

賿ĵ㣬С󾪶ǲԡ
賿ĵ룬ʦֳ¡

Ͼŵ㡣ɰ֮ĵҪǿࡣ

缰λʦʦ㣬˼Сʱرʵ¥ʵ鶯ķ䣬пܵΣ豸ִʵ¥˿ɹˮĵϲֱ

ڼ䣬˵ʵŵʳʳƷǿ伢
ң׼뿪ʵ¥

ʵ¥èУ԰ģҲΧлŷųˮҰﶼôߡ
һ·ֻǼֻè

Ѿͨèˡǵͣòǰĺ̬䡢ɰСèСƶȡ
֪ǿ࣬׳꣬һͷЩèûǰֻѪӶĿ˺ܾá

ûпʦ֣ȴɽس˺·֦ϡ
Ѫֻ̥ĦĻҺۡ

Ĭ߹ֱ·ɽس߳ʮף־ãȻ˵

һè쳹ʣ˵ĻӲǸ˻ȥ
ð죬־Żع˲ۡ
߰ɡǵʳȥ

缰жǿ֪гΪ˼еף̧һֱ;Уһ·ϡ

ѺһˣŮС

Աϣ׵缰ѽ̸䣬Ŀһ£ʳó

ʦʦһֱݰ賿ûޣ
š缰

ҺǸպѵרҵѧҪأѵȶǱҪģٽС⣬ȴļ˶ǳϲٳû̫ˣѵѵȡ

缰ѣͬУ԰ˣһѧһѧܣУ԰ڼкʵ˼ʹϵҲˡ

һǺȦ͵ãԺӴֶܸɣһǺҵ̳ˣʮڹ׼֤ڹɼ˺רҵúãԸˬʣ˼ʹϵ㡣

˵ĸŽΪ׽磬˵ĹϵӦ
ʵϣǲǺĵ


̸缰Թ˿Ҳûʲô˼˵ֻšüͷʱʱתͷͬѧûиϡ

·Ͽɼ˿˿Ѫ죬Ѫк˵·УԭΪ˳ͨˮ·Ҳײ档·ʵʺķʱԭΪļʮӣ

Աײһ·߹֦Ѿ·ĵ棬ܹ󲨵èۼûдۿɼĿֲ״
ҽѧãʹʦЩ滹ܹܡ

յѧǱʳߣסŻ⡣

֪Ŀȥʳã֪ΪʲôҪȥʳãֱ缰˵˼򵥵ɣ

ʳʳﴢұ꣬һУҽԺ

شѧռǧĶУȴѧ⣬нְסС
ѧС㣬ӵУ⽡ȫĹҽơʩ

Լ̨ڽʳ״

У԰̨ѧԺרҵѧ̨У԰㲥ճУ԰֪ͨҲУҡ̨Լֲ㲥豸вš

˵ʳĿǰѡʺʱĵص㡣

ʳǽױ١

һ·Ŀĵأڼ

缰߹ˡ
߹ˡ

ʳʱѾǰʮ֡

ȵｭʳʱߵ

ʳĵ̲ˮѬ졣ʳĵʱʱ֣͸ɼԹӦ˵ʳšվšżʮˡ
ŮУ˯¡ɫ԰ףۡ

缰ߴӴѿ¥һ㱻ֲڸʱͫ׽һ̣ȻЦһ

Ψһһû޵ġ

˳߿ȥ

뿿ļͷĬĬضʳõţ㶯õӨӨȴᡣ

ʲôţԺԺ룬ǰɣ

һ˫ӯͫسǵķλɨ˹ĪԵһ̣üǣһʳſߣǿš




5.   5    ĩڶ죨ϣ

ʳʮˣټ缰һʮˡ

ܼʮˡ

ʳһרǽڲûţΪ˷ʦʳⲿܿڲò

ڣΪҹշתߵӰء
èĺͫ絾ҡŵ磬شӵӵڵҹ

賿ĵ㣬ֲ죬ٵϣʮСʱҲδƽʱǱһɴ֮УԿӰ²ŵĿɲ

ѧУʵ¥У԰ر꽨缰һˣʳδȥ˵

α졪ʦǿһֻСèǵʵ¥һֱʱȥιġ缰ɿһ·ϳĬʦһϸģ˱ۣ˵ԭԼʮ֣ĿǰۿСèʮ֡
һ·ʵ¥浽ʳã·仯ʱ䳤һȺ׳ֳַ꣬ɢèǲǰϮ

ŮԱ˰Χڶ룬֤䵥
ʦڰ·;У۲ı仯ڴʱ֪ṩݡ

ж죬ͱ仯ʽ

Ѿʼմԭĳý

֮⣬жҧԾ

˶ԻʮУе˿ڣ˯缰ʦʦǶҽѧڼǰĿǰõĲ׵ذ˿ڣ˿ڿšȾء

һڣҵעͱ߻һλգĬ˵Ů

Ѳɫûд©缰ʱı顣

û豸ʵ顢ݷͶҹʱ֣ôϽ͸˵ı䣬磬иŮ

ס˷֣ĴָĦֱǸ谲

ֻƹԾĸ߶Լһ塣

׼ҧסಱһʬ壬ڰá

ƹҧλŮǶĬȻиʵز˲ᣬ˲/辿ô£

ĩˣһ׼ҲûУŸҰ绰˵Ҫؼҡ

ޣȾ˴˵Ůǵ͵͵ᣬҲۿͨ졣

ʮˣʳð̣ʮ꣬ĺҲǰȺѧǰΪͻеʹ࣬Ϊ֪ΣĺӸеģﻹ֪òá֪Ͳϰ࣬ڼҲѧУǿ

ֲֺϵʪᣬֱһŮӿ޵ֱ򶶣߲Լᣬ첲§ס޳һš

缰ʦֲʦسѶһֱۣ˴˵ȶ
һ塢롣

ҲЩмûбȾ̫ģԷ˵˼仰ҡͷûж
һһСʱǰǿʳţǽʱ򶨵·ڰҪŶӴ˵ѧʳ

ͻ䣬עҪĻڡ

ĩһ죬ʳùʮˡҹڵ͵͵ĿʪˮУ˭ûȻ˯С˯һֱجξѡ

£ҹ˯ʱ̡شѧУ԰ĵͳƣÿµĿյĵ߷壬ζŴʳҲҪΪҹɪɪɼˣ˭η죬η岣ǽ⻢ĺͫգǻԱ𼷼شһ顣

뱻§ڻĺᣬֱſϡ

С˯ǰû뵽Ը⣬飬˯ʱ㷲᲻ǳһƬңռˡ

ķӦе㾪ȣе㡣

ֻǺܹԵذķɫߣУҵһ̫񣬵Ҳҹ˯ʱǵŮʽסףؼĻ̯ϣͷţ˵Ϣã컹иҪĵ¡

ûһۡеز缰Ŀϻ䵽ϡ
΢΢һ̣ס˲ʱ˵Цֱ§ǽߣ˯Աӭ졪ҲǸ졣

=
ĩٵĵڶ졣
ûźš
˵ֻѾ᧿ΣֻȹػڰʳðһͣʳûǸһʱʱޣڲǹͷɫͷֽϼ¼Ұڿɼı춯

ߵ˵жѧţ

˵üͷ¶һõЦݣдΧˣڻûжˮ

ˮ´ʮ졣
ʵ飬йɿݵϢ

ѵԭطЩ

ȻǿɻģԡǺܶʵݡӣЦе˵Ҳֻ֪Ҫˮܻʮ졣

ļϵĽȡǣĪڡˣпɲ˶ϵ඼Ʊ˸Ӽ๡ʮˣʳֻʮ˳ŹһܣڿֻǳŹܡ

˭˽ģ˭ȥ

еĸˮϵͳ֪ûᱨϡͬͨص㣬ѧǻˮͰϴȵȣ㹻ĩʱԤװˮԹ֮á

˵ƬǧѧٶǴæű衢ĵģѧΪæѧҵͷ桢ʳȵȡ
ԹӦ£ȶȹһʱ䡣

缰ǵģֻҪûжˮͲ󡣡

ĩٵĵڶ죬ʮУѾȥʳòֿùư裬ˮﻹˮʼˮ
䲻ģһŮˮǶˮҲнķ

Ƿ롣

ѡ곤һ忡԰׵һ۾˹ĺÿò಻ʳôİ׳ͫ峺˹Ŀ

˵ĿⶼǱҿе㲻˼ǳǳ졣

бøˮϵͳ˵ŴҶ֪£һʱ䣬㶣УıøˮϵͳǾ
λشѧУڣһֱΪڵĺ֮һԶԶûСĨó

Ҷӡֻͦ󣬾ѧ¥¥ԶѧУɽǿ顣

ѧУ÷վȫˮϵ磬ҵѧУרҵʦͬѧ
ܽ⡣

˵꣬Ȼֱϣ˵ˡ

λеݣǴ֮ǰû˵ġ
˲ɻ󣺡ô֪ôģѧУͼϺҲûдɣ

һѧյشѧУ԰顢ͼ
شѧع㣬ûеͼֱ粽С

ǵͼϣھĵر꣬ҲûʾΪøˮ˭Ҳ֪һ÷վ

缰Ĭ

ú˵ЩϢǲУ԰顢ͼġ
ô֪ģ

̹Ȼ̬ȣԭǲձúͻ
ʫŮʹڲŮӶתͷ

һЩܣ巢Ц£ҼдҵģЩ˽⡣

ڣҲڲأԽ˵˴˵ģõġ

޷׽˭֪£˴˼᲻Ϊδġȱˮ򶷣

ܣĩղһѡ

ܾѺӵСˮϵܵҲͺȱˮ֮ǣʵֻҪһλˮϵܵĶѣͲҪǻ᲻⡣

ԭеġڰաǿЦڶֲգȫأĳЩڰǿ־δᷢ£ζ⣬˼䲻¡

⡰ڰաֻб춯ɱ¾֮ɱ˿ֱٷ֮ʮ

ԽذģƽضȹգõĽ

˵ĻȫĩԭеϢ

Ů˵꣬ܿ죬Цص֪Һܺ¡

Ҳͦµġ

ȤζرֱۣǸ滺Ŵˡ΢Ц˵ֻҪˮܻҪȶģƯŮ

롣

ϣ˿ӿů
ǣĲõģڣʳˮô˿Ի

һ
ͷһֻź۵İëè䣬ײϲǽȴûܶԲǽӰ졣

ұһǴǽι̣Ĭһᣬܿ죬Цһ¡

רţƤ

˷Ӧʳð̶̲ס廰ڽָˣ˵רá

ƫͷЦһ¡

ۣĹâ貵أ籦С

һӾʳˮĵء

á͵˵Ȼڲ˵Ŀ£ԵýؽϸְԼС




6.   6    ĩڶ죨£

ʳòǽߣߡ

ʳһ¥еŴʵʵرţϿܼѧӰ߶
˶ԭ롻໨ԣĩʱڣ

󲿷ѧݡڻͷʳʳƷЩֱҪ°ȵضȹ졣

˱ۣߴһͳ
롣

缰ߵߣŲޣĿһ£תͷ

˵ʵû뵽ԭ缰ʶġǰ죬ĩδǰʮСʱ缰ȻǽߣΪʲô̸

ѵûһ飬۲ʳΧèѧоűĶݡ缰ᣬϢߵߡ

ţ

ᣬڼСʱǰĳעһϣȪô˶Ŀ

缰ԭһżӢһ˫ۡϻʵ鴩İ׹ӣմȾ˲ٳĸоͷʱ˫׽͸

벻Ҷ˵ʲôԭ缰н飬˵缰ԭĲ𣬿»һЩ鷳

Ȼ仯ȫáĩ١ͣϾھʺԸ񶼻ı䡣

ֻǼĬӣܿ죬缰ȱסˣüǰһֱʳ𣿡

˵ĩǰһ졣

˵ĽǶȿȥͫ峺ˮߵЦΪĵģֻͷ



üչ΢ӹûдһ˲ҡ

ʶΪûҶңȻ缰׼ȷ˵ǡ롻̶ԶԶ

ðһͷܲԭУĩ¹

ͷݶţûбֳĿƳԶؿ壬忡΢΢Ц£˫ůϣȻֲŲתǰ缰

̷ͷ

ĩеĽֻ֣Ůˡ缰жѣڽвŮԸߡ

缰ܵõģ»رᡣ

ڰաδȥȫ߿ʼһܡԭеϢѾرûа취ܡ

ζÿһÿһжҪСġĳɱҪõر˳Ŀꡣ

ɫ毺ݵŮűܻ赭дֹν̸

ʲô𣿡

缰´ûб棬ӲޱȵرԸٽȥͼһ㶣ſ˵ʲôȴĿƣٿһĨЦļһ

һֱ̣۾ʹ˹Ƕº͵ظݹһ룬ԡ

һ룬Ȼ󻹸塣

һ͹ˣҲ̫

缰Ļɫ޷Χ֪˵ʲôգֻܳĬؿߵߣԣؽ

ЦüģǰЦӡ

缰뿪塢ˣߵʳһǣ׼ʦʦ̸̸׼Цеһ䣺G˵˵ʲô

ɫɲÿڻʱҲûɫֻ䵭˵ûʲô

̧̧üͷؿϣ˵ͦƯ԰ɣ

缰һۣÿɷ

Ҳᣬ˵Ҳѹ֮ǰ˵ԺԺصУ
һǧһǧоʿѧӦҵѧ
ôУΪУ˵жÿ

ʵϣǼСʱǰ˵ʱע⵽ĻﰲҲƯŮӶ£οҡĻ棬й

Ѱֲ嶵Ц˵꣬ûеõ缰һĻش
˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥڶ塢롣

ҧŸղʳð̴ӺʰһЩڵ챣ڵĳר㴰ڵĳӷʳģʦǳԡ

ڣʹڵĳӲڣҶʳ۳Ҫڣܲ˷ѵʳð̾ͷһֻʮǫøŮҲŮ˵ԼСԲ˵ġ
󣬰룬ϣһ˷һԡ

ѵͬͬѧУŮһڳԡ
ͷ壬ҪһȻ޴ԼԣǽݸŮѡ

ȴִܹһ룬ˣԼССڵҧ

ʱܿɰԹһ⣬ֻѩСãơŵسԡ

ʧЦ
ʵûżȥĪܾŮӳɰǣ˼ֱۣʳð̺ȥæŻӦţ첽ߵ

=

ѸղŸʳðһʳСֿʰһ飬ֽͬ˼¼
סϵȵȫǼڲᣬһЩ׸ðܻҪʱ⿣˷ѡ

ܿ죬ʳð̳˳ϳ⡣

ĩһ죬ҶֻһͰͣʳðҲûжĴζԣ˭û̫£ǿǿıշתĲУʳȻᡣ

ĩڶ죬ԭơ˵ڷ˵Ҫˮһʱ䣬˵ˡ

ˣֻҪȱˮܻʮ죻磬ʩʹõҪ

Ը£̣һ⣬һһɡ
ÿΣɫʺְЦһ䣬һ̣˭ͦ˵

ʳðϲЦտǸãʱæҸ߲ˣ⣬ЩⶼˣŻ

ʱѿֱĵࡣ

ˮͷˮ˰塢˵ˮ³ϴһʼ⡣

үСҾףУں缰һǲСˡ£ʵе˾ȣʳðһһŮ̲סѣȻ˰

̧ŮһۣǵЦδõкãǰΪԺ

˵⻰ʱЦ۾䣬ÿŮЦһʱҲе㺦ߡ

Ÿóǣ׼һ᳴ɫ

ǰǰںķһСʱʳðô˼ʮ˷ݵķһͰϲ˼
߲ʲôģʳöǿŲ˳ÿ͡
ھµ߲ܷŵסģӡཷܲ

ʳð̳˳һЩôһ峴˿

ټ·Żһ԰Ѽȫ˵ġ⡱

ĩڶ죬ʮڰʱ֣ǳõһٷ

ҵȶӷһĺ󣬴Ҷʼ˸æµ

λеҽѧ缰ʦʦǰŴߵ˿ڣֹ۲ֱȷûз֢״ſʼһһʳèͱ仯ȵݡ

ϢȫоԺģϢѧѧ궼ùרҵεĳɼ㣬ⲿèʱĹ۵вοԡ

ȻҲרҵӵѧǣѺѧԺҲ֪øɵɶ֯˲׳꣬ʳʹáĶוּصǿģѺɨѹͷĥˡ

Ҷ¸ɣԷʳð̺ͼͬѧһʮ˷ֲ͡

׵ȨԵ㣬ǡĬǱ򡱡ڵµȻ

һһ׷һ˿ٸһӵĺ⡣

ע⵽ŶӣߵǰʱٿȻչЦ
룬༸ޡ



ãȻ̧ѣУеЦ⾪ס
ǹ̵ĻڻЩ˲롣һֻסߣţһබ˼

ҵķݶһЩ

ȵȡ

ˣһͬѧ

רҵޱȵʳôʦһͬѧǰ

µؿԼϣۿžͱȱ˶˼ĺ⡣
Ҳһжڿеʱһ¡

ôˣ

ûֻǣҼ顣
Ůյس׷ϵ⣬Сض˵ǲǲ̫ã

дڲϳԡһỹȥӡ

䵭ؿѡ
㣬ȻЦŵ˵ͷǺ㣬غŸ裬ʳʣͬǴˡÿһݶոպã಻ٵķѱеģȻܹСƺãڷֲʱҲìܡ

ȳݡ
彫ǷƸ룬æҡͷ԰ɣҲǷֺòˣҵðѺ⻹

£ļ⣬ȻǺܴġ顱
еĪҲ죬ΪʲôҪͼԣ

ԭҲӦʶġ
ԭϤ缰֪ʶʱ˴˼֫Աĺ塣

ߵ㣬缰һʮʳʱǿš

ˡ缰ڿʱȫͬˡ
ѿɫͬеİ˿ʱûв

ԣȳݡ

ҪϽģűӣǼ⵭ۣģ棬˵ĿɰΣһȥԹŸϽԡ

廹˵ʲôӻסˡ

㲻Աôң

ĵʪһȫӣϸֻһˡ

Ǳһ£Ŀ⣬˵ãͷڰǷǺҲֻһ飬Ʋһߣʣµһԡ

ͷǷļ϶ȷֲ˵ĶѾˡ

û꣬ߵժΧȹǰվͿԼǰ롣

ѩ׷һ׵峴˿ʹҵһ
Լֻһĺ⡣

ĬԼûĿӣذѱĻ

ֵһ£üЦôˣ

⣬Ӧøҡ

һ˵üͷšţǿ

ҡ

Ҹ˸ԡеˣӣָ̯Լߣл





۵СۣƯŮӷ·仰Ūü֪룬նǺˣð죬㡢㣬

ȻеͨһǱʯ϶θҲθǸЩĵطĳֺĴ

ڲֻĵЦðɣҲᣬķҪˡ

ԣ߳Էɡ

˵ţգգۣһѿҪԴסӡ

룺

Ʋֵػصߣע⵽ı飬ûж˵ʲôֻǰοȻҪ㣬ͳ԰ɡ

Ƶҧһں⣬Žţͫˣе㲻˼أС˵Ļóޡ

岻ĺóԡȻȷܺóԾˡ

ҲɡLJ

׷ʱĿӴԼŵĺиǿһ䣺û׷߱ߵġ

ֻСãӲĽֱֱıǼкԲ۾յأ𣿡

Ҿһ㣬˵Ϲڲ˷ѣ԰ɡ



Ҳԡ

ҳԲ꣬ԣûʳ̾˵

ƵؿѺߣֱʳУǸ
Ѹģġ

ǣþõؿһۣųĺݻ´Ҿˣ

ŮüܲذйԵԵ̫ˡ걻ʰȥˮͷϴʱϰ첻˵˺һӣʩֱ̧ۣק֣ĸָʹࡣ

Ůܰ㣬ĴУŶӣʡ




7.   7    ĩ

ĩ졣
ϰ˵㡣ͷεصľȺľ֦ѾУϵѪ类ߣǱ̰ʳĹ⡣

ʳõŴǽţñ춯ҵȺꤵĶ˵ʳڲĽ˼ֱǴõ͡

ԭ޺˵ǿɰȵĶǣȻǰûеһֻʨӶ԰ܽۼء˭η޵ϰԣԼһĶ

缰һǴʵ¥ǰҹʵģܻЯֻߡ뿪ʵ¥ʱʦʦҲǴԼƷ

ʳڵĵʱʱޣֻǽڲϣһСʱһܳ嵽ٷ֮ʮ
ܱûкã缰ֻСʱǰ˰ٷ֮ʮ˵ĵѵٷ֮ʮ²ͷλøͬͺֻӿڵѧ

У԰ûźţ˭ҲҪ磬󣬽ͬĳߣ䵽ãԾøһλ

缰ֻĩǰһֻϢ

ʧȥźǰĸֳϢԸ罻ýĵţȦŵȵȣһۿȥ·ĩδǰ硣

ʦߵ䲻һ䣺ô죿

缰ûֻϨתͷһ԰סƣʦ㣬˵ҿ

ʦЦһ£Цúܿ죬ĿڲԶķϣѵеȸԾ˵ǸŮɰ

缰Ĭ˳߿ȥںһŮ˵ͫ峺ڲڹ£־˵

컹˵Щʦ̧̧°ͣĿ£̫Ҫˡ

ȻһϯûӰ죺ƩҶѧӣܹߵȽȫһˣͻ䣬ֻҪʱ䣬ܹ͹

š

ʦ˵꣬缰ôӦ

ʮ˵ʳãĩٵĵ죬ûӭµͬ顣

ҳһڵı˵ôҽһ

õ˵Ͽɣܿ죬дΣңʼҽܡ

ʮУʳð⣬ȫѧ
Ҳܺ⡪һƬҪǱʦǾסУģҲƬ

壬ߵ̧̧۾̵˽ܣϢѧ

˵ߵķ°ͣԲˣǷ룬Ժרҵ

ҽʱûἰ¡ϵ⼸Ҷ֪һԡ

ؿǽߣؿִҽܵ缰缰ƽֱ˵Լרҵ꼶
ĳϣ缰ҪԼҲ֪˭

ĵ롣

˴ȵʱŷִҶڿ
Ϊ˼Ц˵ңɻģѣ
ûѵ¼ͷ˺ʲôѵһ¶Цøÿתӣɻѵ⡣

Сӣ˵˵Լרҵ꼶նø



ҽܽ
缰ʳʮ˵רҵȫ¼

ҽѧϢѧշСԺܡܡ

˵Ϣдֽϡ

պʳðһǼڲʳﴢֽţλƵعžһ£ֽ缰ǰ

缰̧ƽֱֽҳϣͣһᡣ

ʳﻹܳһʱ䡣

缰Աרҵ䡢Ǽʱ˻Լôдġ
ĿǰԱݵǼǣڽ㡢㡣

ѵСչԶߡģҲǽǣһԡ

缰ͷ֪ˡ

Ѽ˵ʵиʳﴢ

ǵһ뿴һţ겢24СʱšڽʳóԷѧ֪ϰߵѧУꡣ

ţûרҵ߸ҲǼ׵¡

Ƕһۣûж˵

±Ҫ£ɽˮʱÿǲš

ǽ̸ţʳʣʳһһʳð̺Ҫĵʳ

缰гΪģǱĬӦ¡
һǣ缰ʦʦǶҽѧڹؼʱ𵽾ˡãû˻޴ǡ缰ʦʦеġˡǣҲĬǼǡ¼¡

ǣһˣͬһѧԺͬרҵѧѱѧУС˼ʹϵ㣬ЦˬʣѧǴͦԸѡһȥͺƢ˵ڶʱڶ˲˵ͬ

ǣʮУƲȥӸġصˣ˶ɢĲģһʶ̶ʱ䣬Ҳ޷ǿӡ˶дڿͻųﱸĹѺߣһʱҲĹǵİȿɿԸ飬Ը廰̸ıĬҸҵԵλá


ѹʱߵϰ˵㡣
ֻаٷ֮ʮĵ΢ʱ⵽ǽߣ˿ɼı춯Ƭ

û磬ȺµƬ缰ʦ־һת缰ˡ

ʱʱֵĲ׳ƣʵеۣ˭Ҳصơ

ҹĻ٣ǽ춯ͻϮȴ޷ȫ

ҶҶĦ춯èĺСķͷֲͣڡУָŴƬ׽һؼüͷ

ԵķһֱƬ
Ȼ˸ССĹǷŵüͷ滺༭һƬƬϵĹؼ˱ǣԶ缰ʦ˸ơ

λʮĲʿʦ㳯ķλ߶˵ʦ㣬鷳ֻҰƬ㡣

ʦףĿķϣ̬Ⱦ΢Цˣ

ûûҡͷ±ӣʦЦǴ˸Ƿ

彫Ƭʦ㣬˵ԼԱ춯Ʋ⣬ʦױʾףƬ˵һжټ̡

зֻ֣еһ¡ʦͷθͬ鷢Ƭ־һˣȵҪ缰ʱʦע⵽еĲɡ

缰

ţá缰ʦһѣŻջĿ˼ǰһ̿塢룬϶ٻؿƬ

ƬϵĹؼ༭˸Ȧ缰ֻĻϣȴþûزӢ䵭Щ꣬߷·˷˵ʱ˽

§ңȽ˵

ų磺š׸Ǻãˡ

̧Ѿֻ뿿ϣǣŮ§ڻС
罺ᣬӰ롣

缰䳰صЦֻϨĬķرۡ




8.   8    ĩ죺

ĩ졣
ڰաһ졣

ʳð̴Ű뻵߲ˣƲȥͷܲȥƤ̻ҪôкãһԣбС

ϷҲˡ
ѽʱˮͷϴסˮϵͳɽȫˮͷˮ峺ģµˮָ죬ʵˮؼ䡣

Сͬѧæʳð̳һۣõѵĻش𣺡ԣ̣ʲôҪֵ𣿡

ߵߣʢ׵̧˳ƿüţСѡ

̿׷ڴˮú

ʳð̼ŽҪԵķŵļ׻ǳһġۿɼ£ǳؿۺʣʳû

Ϊʡúһ٣϶࣬Ȼܳԡ
մ׷Ǳθ
Ҷûп࣬ͷʳרǽܳŹһʱʳܶ˵ǵҪǿ̫ˡ

ϵĻߣվˮرߣƵؿһۣϵǲԹֻѩۼչţǺӡ
Ѿö̫ˡ
Це̧̧°ͣ룬ʲôҪҰæ𣿡

ãƿ˵Լɻ㲻Ҫﷳҡ

Ǻ죬ʶ죬ѾͼȻغ롱

˶٣ڱûע⵽ĵطضǲʶ졣

δ֮ɫüҺ֪ˡ



ƯŮãȻؿһۣǱ仰Ūò֪˵Щʲôá
۲Ĳתȥˡ

ЦıӰغ衣

=
ĩٵ죬絽ʱţһƽȡ

ڷ˵󽫻ٵΣңڰա

Ѿ˳ضȹ
ĵȴܵʱ

ĩȥʳõĹ
ʮźʳڣҶûЯҪϴԼа취ġ

ں˲ٻϳ˺ܲĸоȵʦ̸춯ݵϢڲſڰš

ˮ裬ûԡɣ²ͣǿɺ󣬴ԭ·߳ʱע⵽Ϸź죬񣬲ҿ

Цһǰ˻ΣҪϴҰš

һ±ӣá

ϴٶȱˡ
ſڵʱĶ̷ʪشڶǰЦ

˯ʱǺǰһ׸ϣĻ
ҹʱ뱻һ͵͵ʹϢѣԭϴĸˬ§ڻȾ˺⡣
ˮĶͷ䣬ļѡ

ֱۣ/ļ·סѡ

ۣǿӻͳֻȻֵͲ

ʳúܴϰ߿ǽ˯ϰƽڵ˯ſ˯

ֵͲƹ˯֮Уϡ

͵͵شʹζӺ۵ûڷȴǽ§šƤţڳ˯żΡ

뵽ĩУܵġĩաдϸڡ
УԶûжֲǰϢܲ˳ͻաʹǻʡ

ʹھ;޷ܣ
ѱ䣬飬ܡ

ֵͲչʳڲˣ⣬Ƕ˯з΢졣

һ˲Щھʹδӵܣĩһݴϣǡ

ɱ§ڻҲѣֱֻĶͷ

ϲ¶ȣһ˯У屾ܵسĵطȥ

뱻ͷţôҲϷ֡



̾صֵֻͲָͷšһֱۣˡ

ҲŸϴ衣

ڲˬУΪ˯˹ȥ
ϢȣѩἡɡƯޱ§ţΪ̫ȣǼⶼǳǳĺˮ

=

ĩ졣

ܣľˮֻϵڽֻܷʱϵΪԪܣܶϵн졢չ

ٸӣҵܶڡˮϵǵܱʽȫͬ
׵ܣǿɱˮ
ҵܣǿɱ顣

ǵˮϵ֧ͬأڽļʮ꣬Ҵ໹ܹ͸Իе֮

ȴԪ⣬Ϸѡġס硱硱ȵܡȻиܣΪ̫ͣԭгֵĴҲࡣ

ԺʱϵȺţʳڼʮ˵ľ

ȥȥȥҸղǲͷðˮˣ

رܣҸоڻе㷢ա





룿һ£˸Ŀ㱵ϣţˡֱ̧һԼĺܳ

εֱ죬㣬֣һı

㿴

ĩԭУжֱܷڡľ𡱡ˮ

չʱǵܲ׳󣬳ΪϵеĶǿߡ
Ȼʱ˿̣廹ֻǸվܣֻһŮѸ˵ġ

ı鱻һɢȥеȡ

忴ϲṵ̋ñԼî㾢׾أڶ̶̼ڣȻվܵ˻Ҫٵܵļɡ

һһıС

룬档

ΪԼָе֮ʱʳðָ̳ͷһСֺСͬѧ𲻴ʱܵﰢһշ

ʳð̵Ҳйأ֪䣬ԭһ˶Ҫ׳ࡣ

ܵ˶ҵߣʼϵسԡܾǴðʽΡ

ʦ壺죬࡭ܡɣ

־ǣܡϡطתƣɳ£ȫϡغ㶨ɡ

ʦоݵƲ⣺Ҳĳɳ͵ͷ
ǣˣռ䴫䣿ռתƣ

ѧѾڵĪӵеġܡô¡

뷨ûȺ˵ͬ࣬ͷרҵͬһᣬ˿Ц˵ָͷʺװƵ̡

ѴЦ

ЦԺʶķȥ֪ʲôܡ
˶ڰԼܣֻߣͷԲԲıϸǳǳЦ⡣

һԵ廹Ŭظ
̶ʱ䣬ǿϰ㡪Ŀɿڴԭİָٵһָı󣬱ôı

ء

뾪̾

ѻ㱵صͷԼеһװƵĻ𣬳ĬþãҲ١




9.   9    죺ǼϢ

ĩܣ춯ֲ

ϴʻ㣬㹻뵽еݡ
ĳĶ˼ΣЦ˵ĩС˵ı䡣

һʱ䣬Ͼ֮మĵҲͣǡ
үͦƽ춯ǿҲһ֡ܡ



缰ĬŶԴ˷ܵ
ĩգࡰܾѡʳڵĽٺ˼ӵСС֮
ʮʳð̶Ϊ⣬ûĺӣҵطתƣ⡰硱Ǵġ

޷ͬܣȫ±ƣ˽ⲻ֪ôǡ

һڻʵûˣ̧Цſ

Ϳ̵صͷеƲеʧԡ

룿

һʱΪˡ

óʪֱֱۼỬûС

˵ʱСᣬֻ֮˽

ãȻһ̣侲һΧϲɫƽС
֪ˡ

ֻĸ֡

ؿǲĸ͸¶Ϊʲôô΢֡

ܿ죬֪Ϊʲôˡ

=
ǿҪҽӵеġܡ֪Ǽǣ缰Ϊףʳýٺ˱£һ飬վȺ룬Ͽң£˽˴˵ܱʽǳҪ

ұֲйصġܡ缰֣ҲԼеЦӢ䵭ϴ˵Σ⼸Ĺ۲죬ʳڲûֲĴڡ

ǵģֲĴڣĩʱʳڲȻᱻֲʸƣ硰ѿᡱ㣬Ŵ

ʳð̻½ʳΪʲôûѧУʳڷԻܣ֮ǰ˶ԻݲݵĹдͶţʳõͰʳֲˡ

شѧǵ͵ġѧУ󡱵ѧУ
ֻҪҪ飬Уٻвͬ⡢

ֲľٴ룬ڵʱҲ̫ۣ浽ͷȴشѧʳѰһȫıӻռ䡣

ʳûֲҲͲ缰Ǵһֵ̧˲䣬һ͵֦ҶʹĴܳ
ͯСͨ㶹ζ

˺Կͬһ࣬״Ҳģؾ۳ȺͿȣûܱȵ缰һ

տ֪ŵжĩԭУӵеն졢ǿࡣ
δǵǿȿɳΪȫҴĶ⡣

Ϊһѡ򡱣Ѿ㹻֤Ȼس˶١

˼ӵ缰ǼܱʽĿƽ˵ĿǰҶܣ²⣬ֻҪǰ࣬Ѻ󶼻Լܡ

ѱ䣬ܵľѣ춯ֲ֮ƽ⡣
缰˶٣˽ͬġܡڲú뿪ʳõ;У໥Э

Ҫ뿪ʳ𣿡иŮض˶ӣѯʡ

ǵģʳĵһ죬ɢһԵϣһͷں嵥񣬡ܲһӴɣ

˵󣬿ܶӹ˲š

缰ѵķϽϸ䣺ʮҶܣζҴ࣬аٷ֮ʮĿѡ

õҵϿɡһʱ䣬ף̸

缰ļҾкɫ֪˲٣ӲѧУԴΪҲûոķߣѡѧҽҽѧ·ϷⷢȡĿΧͬӹޱȵĿɿУϺ󣬴ƱҪ뿪У԰

ͻΧԭŴͷѡ񡣡

˭мˣ˭ҪʱǴһ顣

ʳðȷԣԣҪؼҹŮ˵˵ţۿֺˣҼﻹ֪ںòá

һԵŮ̵֣˵οĻ

ʱ䲻Ҳ˿ڣŷ֣ʮָԿ˼ܣǺϵϣҿ϶ڽǰúõͬʱøϢĵǼǡ֮⣬ڲϢǼǣδҲ

һȺˣƽҲͶʮꡣ

Ҷڹҡȼߣڵ£Щ̸ôҶ

ǵģŹӦúܿͻǡ
˵򡷿ɣҵĹô֪ǹҿ϶ġ

أӾǰɡ

忪ڣû豸ûʵңǲܡǵӰ죬Ͻ̧̧۾˵ԣҪǼܱʽʵҲܼ򵥣˵˵Լʲôͺá

ǿƣֻΪ˲ú֤Эʱܳ˽˴ˣΣա

ǽ⣬һ˫˫춯ĳ˫ضʳڲࡣ

˸˿Цŵͷͬ⣬˻ᣬʹܡ

ԭ򣬺ܿʹòܡ

Ǽʱ缰¼ǰŶӵ˵Լܺıʽͣоָͷе硣

˵һۣεͦȣ϶徲硣

ûֻ°ֻˣüҲˣһѱ˸˸ôء

ܱʽ¼ڲᣬʵǺôġ
ʮˣڶ̶̼ս˻ﻥͬ꣬ӵܺͨġˮϵܻã̫Ӱˡǰ˵ġ׵硱ܣͺ˺ˡ

ꡰ硱ϢǼǣ뿪ʱǸԺߵ˵СĵҰе磬һžͲˡ

ʮŶӣԭרҵ꼶ϢǼǱϼϡܱʽ

ͷʮе

缰ƽĿ˵Լܣйء

ûн缰ǰٱһԼܡ˵ԺֻǳĬһᣬ˸λø롣

ÿǰ·ģǰע

缰ûдһɫµس룬أ

ŮָߣָԲ⻬۶׵ָؽڣǲľޡ

ûС

ǳͣŵҲԼĽǽš缰סʶطʲô

崹֪ûܵƱ缰ġ

ͷΪͻĴڣʹﵽڶĿġ

˵ûС

ûУΧûˣҲͶСⷬԻûõţĪ͸һ򶨵㿴дɡ

һۣ˲䣬˴Է⡣

ܿ죬缰űʣҴҵֽд¡

롪


ܣ

뿴ʣ۾΢΢Բ缰̹ȻسףѵõüЦ¡

ղżҵ𣿡
˵ϢǼǶãɿʣſơ

ˡ

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һССıġ

ɿ֣ʶסǸ

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ԭһܰɡ

ǚGǻŮѹϵɣ

Ϣֻ˼ӣҶûз̫˼ϣϾԼҲûһᣬԼǶԷ⵽㣬ǲŻעۡ

缰ޱȣһС۵磬ⲿЩɲ塢ëȻıֲҪ㡢ɰˡ

СС磬ҡ֦Ѿüסߵָ

ɫͶţСѿָһȦɦ¡Ϊ̫죬¶

缰Ѹٵֽ֣պãŭĿϣ̩Ȼü



ǺͲ·ߣűӺСغߵ

忴ȻаƯĬð죬סֻ缰ۡģҪϴ𣿡

뿴ģˣҲࡣ

¶һ潿Ц޳Ǹֹ𣬡ǵǼǺ𣿡
š

ҡ
ţ˵缰šѡǼڲϢһʱޱȡ

ŮѣһģҵľġЦţȴżůЦݣֿסôĴָĦ缰ġСѿָ⣬ġ

Ц貣ޡ




10.   10    ĩ죺С

ʵ֤ûоܵľȷġ

ʮˣ˷⣬ȫˡܡ
ܵࡢСΣ٣ڴʱ˿̣ǡˡֻзһ˲ǡ

缰еϢǼǼ¼ܿ죬ʮб˴Ҳ˽Էܱʽ

ȻǴҵܡ

úùҲû£ʳð֣̾ҿϡԼôᡰͻ䡱ӵдܻܣͦõġ

ҲõûˮˡиԺ̵˵ˡˮԴ֮ԴȪ漸ʴߣУԼ˭Ҳ᲻ߣİȸС

ҡҡͷԺҲô˵ڻȷܵˮԴǷɹʳãȵ˲ˮʵĻᣬȷˮİȫԣڱȽϺá

ǿտں˵ϸһĥе
ڳиˮϵͳδĵ£ʳþ˵ˮܵġˮȫɿٲȻҪǿࡣ

һ롰ˮйصͬͬ⡣

ʮ˵ʽһյó

ͽľˮйء

׼ȷ˵ȻԪء

һȺϹŹܵķ࣬ȻĩԭвúרҷĴ

Ƶգһۣ۽ëܣǰСӣԼԼڹ£ĵ

Ѵ缰￴˹ڷġܱʽǡ

֪Ϊʲôܾе֣һԶ塣
ڸŮ𳤷Ȧָ䣬ܿ͸˸ԲԲɰͷ

Ժܵ͵غ˵˼仰

࣬볯۵Ц

һ£ţǱЦȾ㣬ҲסЦˡ

ԷרҵͬѧתͷЦϸ磬Цôİ

ûԼΪʲôЦسͷHһ£ҡػһͷġС硱СӦǰá

=

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ܺʳӭ˼λ롰顱ͬ顣

Ů
˵ʳʱߵϢ

԰еŵģ԰Уʳõĵڶ꣬¥¥֮䣬ʳһ룬ÿˡ

˵еΣɫǺ죬˵ֽ֮лĻúúϰһǮ

ǰ·ͬеģ㣬ÿ԰еĴӰСŮȥ˰ʳʳƷҲûжĻ˵Һõķ桢ɣ͸Ͻܳ


˵˻

ŮŮµֱ˿ڣʵҲǱ˵𣿡

СŮصص˵ͷȽ˵ǣ԰ﻹС٣СץĶ͸Ͻܳˡ

С٣ѧǸ԰ϰ԰èİơ
ûȥʣС١ǲǱˡ١

ֻңèץԣڼ԰æŴܴʳƷûбèϡ

һŮˣӴʳʳƷֳԵģһ̻ʵؽţûܳԵʳ
ɫ԰ףԵеҭˣԱߵ˸ϽһˮмлҪҸо˵ĪҲû¥
Ů˵ţ˴һۣ̽ʣӦòΨһһɣ

ֻһˣҲ˽⡰ܡǲһ
·λͬ鵹Ƕˣʳĸߡ

Ҳȷǲÿ˶С

ԣǴҶС

Ů¸һ˾ܣǾͲΪèϡﱻȥ

ס˷֣ĵ¶ס

缰İڸǡѡΪӱΪ˵Ľ㡣
°شļϣ̧Ũںڵ۽Զ缰ǰһʦʦǽţ㣬ķλ

ϣȻһ̡
΢¹Ȼ

գգۣ°Ͳ˲ļ磬ӿ˵΢С

ܿ죬ɲ̫ࡣ

ձܣҲһѧ

ͻΧǲ˵ѡǵҲܼ򵥣ҵйأסĽ׿ǣ춯ҧסҪ

ղŲ˵԰һڲȥڻʳʳﶼԹˣǾˡ



ڡ㣬Ҷͬ⡣
èӶ·࣬Դ˶Ѫ⣬ʳ⡣

󡪡԰еŮݣı˵ô

ĳϷͬѧƵҲͺһĴɣ

Ϸ󣬳ô󣬡Ҷ㵸𣬡ǲ֪󣬳ͱûʲôµĵط

ߡѪȡȮ

ƽ˵꣬˲˸ڵʱҪǱҧһڣ˭Ҳ֪ᱻȾʲôĲ

ǰӢ̲Ӣϵ̲סԼ˵ֱۣΡΡؾ֣ҪǼèȮˣӦû̫ɣ

ʦĬĬؿһۣҲܸ̫õϾʱ˿̣ûʵң޷óʵݣ¶ۡ

ֻǿ˵һ䣺ȮǱڴһ¡
ȹ۲ɡ

ˣ̲ס˫ֺʮ͵˼䣬



ĩٵĵ죬ͬṩ˲ʳʳƷʳڲʳȱ

ܿ죬ϣڲŲúʳãܱ̽ߡڻʳ
缰ΪףȽʳڲıơ

ܺ롰йصⷽṩİԶԶߡ
ȻҲ˵ûæ

˼԰󡱵ӣƿʱǰ׼
롰йصߣ˿ȼԣȴƿʱܳȼŻǡ

Ϊߣûʲôܰæġ
վȺԶԶŸѡʳð̵롰ƴ롰ص߱仯ӲȼߵĽţƺڰ塢ָ׹βļ

ǰǰʮӣС߻λڽƿ
һϣȷʵб

ʳð̵Ҿ˵ͷ˵ʳõÿɺãСͷһͷͷġ

ᵽϢı󣬳ۣԾ˵ٶȴƳ
缰׼ʦʦʵСģҰֻСª˶

ŻȼգһߺĻߡ
˱ȺĽŲ

ˣܶܵģ缰֮ǰķԸţ𡱸ƿţɱ˺뿪ڲ㣬һȼգΣɳС±ǰ򣻡ľ롰ˮأܶǿҲ缰ˡ

Ŀɼ֮һֻȼŻ𣬺ֱײһȺ账ꡣ缰ޱ侲ԡ׼סֻ

һ̣֣δֱ飬Ǹڱϣʵʵضһϡ
֫Ӳܶۺϸβʵ˦£رȥ

һЭȻޱĬ
ֻ˶һĬЭ̫˵ӡ

˸߲ҵءһֻ󣬵ҪβͣȷбСHHأľְ㣬˸տʢ硱

ûֽģ缰

ѡ缰ͳţҽѧϽ䵭ʣԣ֣ЦתͷͿƣһûջȥ
ʲô
Ƶָָ֣㲻ջȥ

缰̵ؿ۸ڰƿķ룬ϵıŵࣺæ

ʲô



ĥĥŲ˹

ֱȻ죬Сһصġչ⡣
ľϵܣգȻ缰вӰ죬̣ȴҲۡ

ֻǣһûüۣװ˵ղ󡣡
ࡣ

һؿð죬ǣǣС˵񱡣
֣ҲûʲôԹζ

缰ֻǵüۣ˿յһۣ˼ӣðһϸϸ۵С֦Ҷ

ܿ죬ϣڱҪʳƷʱ缰ҵ˷һֱҪһɾС̺ӡ
ûܳϸӨӨǣ½ǣϵı䵭Ҫġ

Ȼؿ˿ֵͷС
ʶأָһҶ

缰ɫ
Ժ󣬲žò̫ã֣ޡ

С̺ӱڻ˵ͷЦһ£ãлл㡣



缰״䵭˵




11.   11    ĩ죺

ϣͱС̺˯ˡ

ϰʱǵܱѧճټϾѧʱ䣬ܶѧУǰû׼㹻ƷѧѧĽ飬ѧУС깺

ԭ򣬱֤˱Ʒĳ㣬һٶǴҪĶС̺ӡϯȵȣڻϣ㹻ʮһַ֣˯һ̺ӡһϯŵ׵

볶С̺ӱߣӤ˯ţ廳˯ó

Ȼ󣬰ҹʱ֣ޱȵ̾˿

壬ѡ
ָͷͱ꣬־ʱĵͳѯʣôˣ

С𲱣ߣн˵Ǹڵˡ

ҹһƬڵĵ𣬴ʱ˿̣ȫںںڡ
˲ҹɫҲڸǲסϵĳ졣ºᣬǣ֣ã֪ˡ

뱾Լһ˴á
ȴû뵽ִţƿıڸ˯Ůѣؿõܲ˼ͣð

ŮȻ죬ȴŵһ飺ղʱҹ㶼ˡ

ָָƷĵطŮ˵ûࣿ¿ϴҺ
Ʒ㷺ʳøѧǧ˲ֹΨұ꣺ʳҡ԰Уÿ춼нԴӴѧ

һ԰ŷңŮ͵ѯʵĻֶ£ܿ죬ֶ/һƷҪĶ

գգۣص˵ͷŮлŮҲЦ˵ûϵţƷ׼壬ߣû߹׾ͱסˡ

ůס׵ᣬһƬơ

ͷ

۾Ƭ˫ؿһ̡

ݵĶһۣ˵£㡣
ŷҳһСڵĵƹʳùһ·ʱʱ޵£ֻܽĹܿϱߵ֡

һ£ûü˵վòŮҪ¿ϴҺһǣһߡ

˹ſڣﱻһв֪徿ôҵġڿ㡱

ʱ䲻ˣڵ÷ûüʼ䣬

ʱϳһƿϴҺһϴ



ð죬ʣϴҺң

һֱŵĵ˲ޣˡ

ϴҺݸȻǽϴһϴװȥ

꿼ǵ÷ǳܵ˵ĳϣϴɾҲ֪ɹǰ˽ܵĶֻϴװ׵ķӡ

Ǻܺ죬ݸʱ˵ʲôȥ

ûü˼Щʲô

ֱ£ϴŵ׼صԭλá
ͷ˼

ǵĶǰǰʮӣŲᣬ̸͵ͣҲûӰ쵽Χˡ
뱾ٱ§ڻ˯ʱע⵽½ʪġϴĺۼ̧ȥʱͿֵ£Ҳδ˼

ǽһܵ¡
չʮָм

û뵽ǣ׼ĻСԭͿŷֱ˵ġ

ֻ̺һһ￿ţҲ̰ů

˵꣬ܳϿҵָȦһϸϸ

ֻգĻµů⣬Ժ˯˹ȥһȻ˯úʱκܡ

ĩ졣
ֱʱ䣬ϰ˵ʮķ֡

󲿷ֵͬ鶼ˣԺŸմӱˢ࣬ϴǻ

缰ѵҲ磬ôҰñװţ̡

ͻ˱ţҾһ㹤
ʮǹͬ壬ĩʱ˾һ乫ƽ

Ϊ¼缰δԹı˽÷ֶٱǶ٣Ҳ̬ȣԭɵ˼ڿȷʵû˽ͷҲЪĵССţĵİݡ

ŶװţʱǰߵŮþһƷģ鲻Խʣˣоôʹʹ

ԭ롻ͷ뱾һ
ڻûʹ࣬ᷦ⣬Ϊٿա

ǣҡҡͷسЦһ£лл㣬һ顣

ŮˬʵЦûʲôպˡ

̸ͦõİһֱ㣬ס

УѧԶˣ£и࿿ѣȷʵǺ

뺬졣ûнԼĩǰ15Сʱһġ
ŮҲԣĽͷп顢ˣعµһˣԽơ

ƳеĽǲģŮ̽߬ס֣ۿе㷺졣

ܿ죬ǰߵһ˷ֺõװţ߿
ŮҲҴҵԼһݣʳñߡ

缰嵥ϵμ٣ѶԣŰţ²һݡ

룬ţ̡
ֱӣЦؽţ̵ݸָĲһ˲Ϊֻɣû̫ϡ

ԼϲʲôζԼѡ缰һۣƽ˵

á
˸СԭζΪеˣõ֣û߼Ͱˡ

֮󼸸λã״̿

е㲻˼ӣһֻѩſɰСõĦݣ۾Ц䣬ġ

ƯŮЦݺܸȾˣĪܶ˿Ц鶼

ûע⵽ҵҧصԼλϡһһţ̣Եͦģ̵ġ

Ŷӵٶͦ죬ʱŲţ̡سԡ

վ׶´棬ҹһ÷Ĺϵøܡ
һһںȹţ̣ţ̺ӣ׼һ鶪Ͱ

Ȼ֮䣬һϤ/֮ůա

롣

G뱻ȥͼѵݹһ

һǸˮ

ȵġ



ȻǸҵ𣿡

ţģЦ٣˫ʢЦ⣬ůǾòֲգůְɡ

Ҫǲˣҡ

˵Ҳûжתߡ
ܾĻᶼû롣

룺

ͷˮ̧˿ѵıӰŰɵ룺ǸŮ˵Ļ

׽ؽĿ缰ѡ

һǰŲֿһЦܵ档
Ŷͦ˾ӡ䡣

ЦǵòȻ롣

˼һתп֮ɫʡʱؿڣɡ
˯ůůֽš

˵ô󷽿©˵ڶȵˣˮңȥѾͺá

붨ؿһۣǱľֹжĵظЦ
˵á




12.   12    ĩھ죺̨ȫУ

ĩٺĵڰ졣
Ӳǽ⿴ȥ
ĩ٣ϵ̫֣ھµĲϡѵáϰ˵գͷȴɱ

·һжڸ֪һѶϢǰȫͬ

ѵܡ

Ŀתؿ͸ǽ⣬ֻëĴ󹷣ͷŲ֪Ѫ⡣Եʺ죬̧ʱܿĳɫ˫ͫǺˡ

ĩУشѧУڵʦܹۼһҵ繤רҵѧһͬǰ̨롰׵硱ߵʱͨ磬޸ϣɹҴ߾ۼĵصԹ㲥ʽһһ֪

ʱߵ㡣

ǸӢֱ̻ۣ˿ڵԺĩٵĵڰ췢ա

缰ʦһףǰ۲ľ
ʳñ겢ܣҵһѾң缰ˮʪĲѹĶǰʦ㽻

ǿȮ𣿡

ܿ϶صüѹͣΧǸ֪ĽܺеĲֶ֢һǰͬ

Ժ־ЦԼǰܾѵҪѰ

缰Ĭժףȥˮͷϴ˫֡
ţǰҲܹ˵ļλͬ顣

⼸λͬ˵ԭԺĲ̫ͬ
һλ˵Լʳǰ·һֻè£˶ɻûüСȱһӡ

һλ˵ԼǱâ֦Ҷľ˰ĵѪ˿Ѿȫˡ

мλ˵ԭ޹أеǻˤһӣеǱ˼ڡĩλͬеİСŮһʱСı˵ġ

ϼˣûгκηյ֢״
ԺǺϣè˵һλͬѧҲûбֳκβ״

ԡϽųԺ˵Ҳǵգõģϵͳ㰾ȥ
⻰ο˼Ӷ࣬ûҩûл˭Ҳ֪յԭʲôΪҽѧʿṩİǸģӰ쵽ԷȬ̡

ԺԣȻ˿ˮ̺ӣɱϯϳ˯˹ȥ

ķգҲҴ˾ѡһ֮ͻȻأֻߣԱܼʳڣһ˻пܴȾˡ

缰ʦʦǵ˵˼仰ܿ죬ϣԹ󣬴׼Ϣļ϶ʽؿ˸ᡣ

죬Ҫ˳ȥ缰侲˵ʱ˵㲻ɵĳȶһȥУҽԺһȥ̨

ѯʷֲǰĿġ

˵Ǿ¡һ£ͷ»еֻ̧ƽľʮһա

תҲһ¡

˵ɣĿӹԺ˼ŵˣƳ˹Թߵķ룬ǸƯСر𰲾տ˵

ס΢СЦ⣬пܻôͻС

Ҫǰ׼

̨缰ʦ˵󣬴ݵؽв䣺Ҿʱ򿴿ܲܺҴʦϵϡ

˷ֲӵͼ˷ʣôţ

ܴҶȥɣ

ȻǣԸԭ򣬡֧ųȣڵ˵Ҫȥģȥ̨··ס¥ҪпյĻҪȥüϴ·
˵ü̹Ȼ

Ҳǡˣ·üûŮеԹŵġ

ѧУʣҲֻô˳صõԼڵƷ

ʷ룺Ҫȥ𣿡

ʱ˿̣ԸֲɳȥҲʮλ

˶ԱﻹǲеСŮ⼸춼̫Ըתͷǽ硪ıѪޱȵŻʳ棬ֻЩѪпͬ˭Ҫɫ겻塣

Ҫȥ𣿡뷴ʡ
ĸߣԭҲܼ򵥣ĩǰ˽ʳãĩԭԭһʳõоߴҡΪ˱֤Լܹ˳˳عȥ߲Ҫȷ¡

ͷ̨˵Լȥĵص㣬Ҫ·Ϲ۲һ±ľΪ֮

Ҫߡ˵ͫ峺˵屾ʳһ̬ȣҲԭ˵Ļĵܱ

áסģĵ¶ʣ˰ġ

缰Լʦʦ׼ȥУҽԺǼ˶ҩϤ˽⵽УҽԺʱ¼ȱҩеЩ

ȥ̨Ķѡ⣬繤רҵصѧһǰǼʱ˵Լϴꡣ

գ

ʳʮ˼ǰµλͬ飬ܼưʮˡ

ǰʳڵʮˡ

һȥУҽԺʮˡ
ȥ̨ʮˡ

һ缰Ϊף˱װµı֯ȣ˲ִǰĿȥУҽԺõҩװߡ
ӣԵãԼԼҲͳӵġӳڿ֮Ҫһͬǰʱһ㶣˵ʲôֲö˵ֻü̾һ

Ͽɹʰÿɹʳõˮķɫ˹ȥʵʵظϣڸоʱ鵭磬ûк˼

Ҳû˵װЩʲô˴ǰŮʽףֻ籦⣬弫ĸ˽ʱ̽ơ

ϴ׵ϵڳʳʱǸͬ飺ҹڻǿƲԼһǵˣǿɲ档

УҽԺ̨ķλ෴ӽʳóԭˮ汻·Χľߡ

ѹ۲һĩٵһȣҰΧеıֲﶼøΪ׳ͣȡ㹻֣ڶ̶̼ڣҰ

·ߣԭ·һСʱŵ̨
һ·ϣ࣬־ܣ춯׿гЧػġѪı춯ԶԶ࣬ǲϢûǰ

̨

ͬеļλŮͷ붼չŰڶУΪסΪĩ׳ԡһ·˳쵽ڼ䣬ֻҪĸϢһֲֻסģȫ̶ԡ

Ѱ嵱еġҲ֪γҪĿΪ˲ɼϢ㰲ͷڶм䣬ҪǱ춯ܴڵͻϮΪ

ֱ̨Ǽ̵˽̨ͷè𣿡
һŮûС

ܿ϶˵֮ǰǲģͷճ꿪ᣬﲻ

Ǿͺã˿ǲųèɣ

Ůԡèºܿ϶ԡ˶ûôˡҡҡͷֻſ

Ըڽ̨̽ģɼΡ˽ηˡ
Ů˽̨㲥ľʹ÷ԸҪæ

̨ڹ㲥ʩľ巽λȫεͼ˳˳ص˹㲥ңһԺҡͷЦûе磬á

繤רҵͬǰһŪŪϱߺķ˼ʮӣæͷ󺹣һλš׵硱˵߽㣬ԣָϡ

١
١

ָͷڲϵһ˲䣬㲥豸ʱͨˣ˵ļ̶ü

УҽԺĹ㲥죬˼̧ǸĴ㲥ǵ̨ˣ

־ڽУҽԺڿҩηԣǵġ

缰߲ԶҲ˳̧ͷüĿؿ㲥

ܿ죬ȥһŮιιõ𣿡

ϤĲǻ²ǽֵУڶӵǸŮ
ܿ죬Ͳ˽˹ȥ
ѵ
̵˵˽ʳõĵص㣬ڸʦԾۼʳڣרǽιԴ

˵úܿ죬ص˵ѿ˰㣬֪˵ʲôá

ȷʵֻ˽⽭ʳõ޷Ҵߵ

أ缰㲥ﴫһϤŮҰɡ

Ҳ£Ƿ

һ룬ޱȵشӹ㲥дݵУ԰ĸ䡪

λڽʳø̨

뿴ݸģһ·ͼƬϢȫ߹ĵص㣬ֲ޷ͨУòĵķλһһ׼ȷ˵

Ҫ̨ϢܿԺõѱռ죬޷ͨС
·A¥Ʊ춯ûټСıܿ

廬ֻصļΣյʾ뿴

¥һֻ칷ۼȺ


ĿɿڴؿˮĬ

̨豸ʹҪ롮׵硯صͬ飬뿴繤רҵͬѧͷʾ˵ûǣ˵ȥûУ޷ʹù㲥豸

峺У԰лصһ֪ʱ˿̣ʶѣУ԰㲥Ҵǡ

ͬʱĩԭеĲ־顪У԰ڵҴ߾ۼص㣬˿ɢµʦǣǰҴ߾ۼء

еͼƬѾһţûпɹ㲥ݡ
ûֻһ̣ů͵ɫ˵ĿǰشѧУڿܴڵҴ߾ۼصķ

Ҹ˵ƶϲ²⡪

ʳ⣬ʳáĿ¥¥ϵص㶼пɹҴ߰õܼĩԭжشѧҴ߾ۼصļȱܵ˵ιԡܱ߿̽ʳƷ˶ĶѣӰҴ߾ۼγɵҪԭ

ǣĩԭжҴ߾ۼصдԼȱ㣬ͨУ԰㲥ﵽǶС

ϵص㸽ʦͬѧǣڱ֤ȫ£뿴Ȼü𾪵ƽؼ˵ȥǰʵĿء

õŮ쳹У԰ڣ̶ڼϣúмʱ̡

缰Ǹɫ㲥Ȼʧð˵

㲥ʮӣ̵ȷǰ̨·ϵ谭ԼΪ졢˽̬У԰ڿܴڵҴ߾ۼһһó
Īֱ˵Ҵ߾ۼأÿһʵЧɹʦǰöա
뷨պȻõ֤ʵ

ʦʦǣһĬĬؿŹ㲥пˣ롭

һʦٿЦˣ
ôƯɰʦһЦһ˵ϲ




13.   13    ĩʮ죺ѵ⡭

Ϊ׵ĶӲûż̨뿪

ڷᡢö߶ȫУΧڵ豸й㲥忴ʱ䣬ѴҿϢԵ㶫

ǰǾʹӽʳõı㹻ʳõʳ

̨㲥мӣ˺ص棬ŮõӣǾ˵صϡ

㲥ҵŴţͨΪı춯ϮǻüﵲסŰȵؿʼԶ

ڵ˺ϴϲСԭζ

ϣϸϸĽֱ۱ߣʹüۣҧ˿سһóԡ

ʳ֮סǶϧڵسԼһݣǽߣ˴һۣ˵һؽʳãҴԼһˡ

ûǿһҵ˼ϾԼĸ󣬲۱ˡ
̧һۣȵҪѳʣµϴߡ

Ż񣬹ɵذϴ

շ̵·ȴشѧرԽǼɢס¥ⷶΧڡ

иֱԣϸ磬ж·ûеĻһףϵ·üûˡ

ҲҪһס

µæ˵˵ţ̲סͷһԼϵ·µ죬լʳڲʲô˶ȷʵǲ̫ػصһ˲а棬ȫ̾罬ӿϵζ֮ǰҪŶˡ

ˬʵصȻﲻ·û

ܿ죬ӣ̨豸֮ǽĶ̬

ﻹǽʳø̨׼뿪̽ʳá

ڴ֮Ҽ档



УҽԺĹ㲥ɫ㲥豸ﲻٴ졣缰һҲ׼뿪ҵĿǰõҩѹһȦУҽԺԱϢҡ

ӹҵɾŮʽףŮУҽϢҵĻϴס
ϵˣסУĲʿϵδ⼸ףһʱе

缰ʦһŰɣԺٺúòλʦ

ֻһ£¹ƵƬʾģˣԺҲλʦ

屻ʦնеʹ˲ᶨ˴⼸ͷ
ϻǰʵҵİ״ӣѾеˣ̫ɾ
״ﶼгǣ嵱ͻ˼ס

ʦ㻻׵ʱʦ־缰һ缰š

һУҽԺ״ӶĻ

ʦ֣ߣӦܴ־Ҳһ߳ͷ缰һװϣ״̫߲㣬Ƹ缰á

Ӣü˶ʦִУҽԺԱϢ﷭ҳĸɾ״ӣлʦǣϴ˵Ǽ¡

ո¡ɾİ״ӴϣԵø⿡ӡڣ˫ֲ嶵һȦȷû©ҩеʾ⣬𱳰̡

=

ʳãһӡӣʱСʱʳõĹ㲥Ϥͬ

Ůѡ롭

ǵɲĩ£ע˻

̨ãҲ˵ѧУֲ㲥̨ҲͨУ԰㲥˽н

ԣô

㲥ܿ׵ܸŪˡڼֻźźָܻܿɣ

ܰɣרҵͨأԿЦһû̫ɨҵˣȫΧĻָźſͦѣҪмԱӰӵذʩ޺á

µ춯ֲĴڴ谭С
˵ڹ㲥˵ģһ·ǰ̨谭ͣˮ·ռ˴롣
ͨǱཻ֤Ҫֶ֮һ



ʳڽ̸ˣ硢磬ʱ֣ӭ˹һӡӡ

ĿĵУҽԺһӻ硣
һ˽еҩе£¼ƣߵԺߣʾк¼ơ
¼£״ֵ־˽̸

ǸԺҩ

ʣҩ

ӻʱһСʱ

ʱ֣ͷɫѾʮֻ谵ʳðȥ̨ͬѧһ·˳ôôٻûأ
ǳϦüĻ飬ʳðǣҶСպã˭û˼궯ףͰŲǽ⡣

缰΢΢šü˳˵͸ǽ⡣
Ħָ⣬ĵزߵ룬ĲɵҨһ࣬һͷģŲŲԶʦ缰üͷ̧¡

£ܶе硣
ҡػζţһ˵飬΢ӡ

ɣʱи£ͷûʲôۼ

ʱણӰߵ롣
ڣԼԼͷΪ׵껻˽뿪ʱˬˬӢÿسʳ÷ǰ

ѡ

һʮˣ缰ûйעˣ߽ظŶķ롣

ǣ֣ԹԵģմŵۣϵԻһ

ʽס
缰㵣ֱѴػصʳãЦеؽĻϴӱ˳ϳʱû缰ȷԼûмǴ

ѰѶָߡߵǡ

Ϊ缰ѣҲһҪ𣿡

缰

ûлĺ⣬ֽ·ӹݲһƳֱܷµļ۸񲻷ơλ˵ҲǸүճ۸

ѺŸ裬ĲԶ߸˵ͬæʢš

ߡ
ϵĿʽףǴˡoversizeѷ硱ƯŮ

ϵıҲ΢
֪У缰һۡ

ޱس˳ǡ

ߵŮ룬·˭İ

ѵģͷҲ̧ɸɷ·ö࣬һ״

ЦС

ӵŮҲѵ¹˼ףûƵġû취үǮסǵᣬ¹·ʮа/Ŷû𿪴

ӵһ˻ѵ¹˲Ա

ȻѱҲ󷽳Ͽңǳˬر㽫·͸ҡ

ϣ﷽Сë̺ӣë̺ĵִ࣬ｫˮһϵܣûˮȺˣ

ԭڡѡ׸һߣ׼̵ɽë̺˯
˵ҪһףԹԵͷ˵á

ǣڷë̺ʱ侲طһʿ׵ߡ

ûеơ

ϻϴӼζ
ŮõδƵ·Ȼȫͬ

Ѵס

ؽ׵ãϵɫתͷЦ˷һ䣺룬ϲ׵Ŀʽ𣿡

ˣۣۣ͸ãȻʲô

һɣѸҵġ˵״ȽϺʵʱˣһܴ

ô𣿡ؿ

岻ɫۣϵЦδʣֻգûʲôֻʡ

ССش˸Ƿ˳֣ʾϽš

Ӧľٶ̹Ȼ̬

Ķˡֱۣ§ڻСë̺˯ˡ

룬ڶҸҪ׺ˡ٣ûȫ¡еƵס

ôţ廹ûü˵ʲôοŷ˸߲ҵشšסϤŮһŶţ̡

ַţ̵ѿŷ룬̧̧üëȻЦˣ룬ţ̡

һ仰˵꣬һţ㴩·ÿġ

ӹţ̺У̫Ī仰ʲô˼󣬳ò˵лл


Цڡ




14.   14    ĩʮ죺Դס

ĩʮһ졣

̨ȫУҴʦϵϵӣܿ죬У԰ֲ㲥ĸʱΣ˾ͽҴߵϢ

ʳһʮλʦ

A819ˣʳȱһߵ㲥ģںͼʦɹϡ

Ŀ¥ѧԺ̷ѧʦͣһĸѧ

ͨѶרҵ09࣬ѧ2657****ͬͬѧȮҧһڣз֢״󸽽ʦͬѧǰæ

¥Ѿʮλʦ

شѧռؼ㣬ÿѵʱȫУܲ٣ȫ̶ʮĸھӪ̹ٶп˵صУ԰̫󣬴ܲʱ̫ľ

ΪУУ񣬽޽ͬʱУ԰滮б֤Уλпɹ㲥豸

ʳãŹ㲥еӡ

Ҵ߾ۼػȫ˵ˡ

ۣ

ŷڹ㲥зҴ߾ۼأҵĿ̲סŲֽд֡ķ롣

Ůߣһɵţлףϸѩףڹ£ӨͷͿͿддð죬̧²ǽı춯˼һᣬּд֡

кŮչȥۣӺ󣬴Ż㱡ȵıĬĬԭء

дʲô

Ů·ͼ

ʲô

Ǵʳǫ̃·ߡ

ܿ죬ûСʱ뻭·ͼ͵ǼжԱԲС߹·ߡֽϰǰ·ϰ޷ͨĵصȵȡ

ͼʮ־׼Ӽǰ˼ۣôҲ

·ͼϵϢûȥ̨ͬǶԣ൱ҪʵõѶϢ
ǵȻһӶʳá

ֻźšźδָǰ£㲥豸ǫ̛Ϣǿ󹤾ߡ

ͨУ԰㲥޷õʱӦ
ϢԾɴϰɱǰչԮҪǿ̫ࡣ

빴·ͼʳõСװϡ
·ʱܿϱ߾ּϢдֻҪֲﲻпұ·ͼЧʱӦܱ֤൱һʱ䡣

=
ĩʮ졣

ԺѾգʦϸ۲£ȷȷʵҲ˿
£Ժ,롰йأϵһƾյɳѡ
һϵͬǴһȻԼ࣬¼ߵر˭ѵġǱҪȡ



ϵʹõĻͬС졣Ҳ޷¶ȶ٣ʳð̵Ļ͵ģѣĻաϰУĪؾ׳ˡ

עĻܡ

ˮϵǵܱʽͬǡ̬ǡҺ̬ˮġҺ󡱡̬

ˮϵеķ֧ϵǿʳڰʮУȻٮٮߡ

ϾһƵĩС˵ɫжżΪǿܣδľзžá

һתһ͸⻬ı鱻

Ĭؽ鶪ˮͰԶǼϵͬüشﻺرԹʳﱣء

Ŭϵ˵δе̫ˡ

ܿ죬æԹʵ
÷ڽǰһСʱַַ˳ºװ̡̣벻Ա


롢뵱Ȼ̵ؽѵͶι

ıϵ̺ܰϣֱʱִֻҪӡ͹һݱˬڵġ̱

뵱ʱŰӲ̣ص΢˵㣬ѵһ̱ɳιԡ

屻ιһڣ⣬ϸĥ͸ûеġ𡱡ðû˵Ļ̧̧۾ֻܱ׾ٶ۵һ

ɬͷȥٿһԣѾ˸߲ҵصͷ̣׶԰ֵС컨Сġس

忡Ц˲û缰ĸ

ԹǣضĬشЦ

ûע⵽ߡͶι̡һĻ
ʳð̡ȡУѯʰ̾ôƻ磬ղˡ

үҲɻңںĴͳ̨ԣʳð˵Լͷϵܵʹþϣģѧ츳Ӵûþѧʳð̴ڵľϡ

һʱ䣬ȸβͣҪҫһ

󣬾СĴ˷룬۾һߵߡ

룡

ѵʣõ̫

ҧӣ¶һ˳̧ͷķ룺

óԶ˵̫òǷӣ̺Уôˣʲô𣿡

ԭעԼָϣڷӣһʱ̲߱סʪ糺Ĵϡ㶣ܿ죬ʶؿʼչʾʳðѧ¶ȵİ취¶ԽߣԽԶɫɫѲʲô̬̬ɫ׶εģֻǵû仯ɫܺÿ

ż롢ǽڷָܳһ档

ƿе۲ӡһ룬Ѱָҡػ˻ΣǳǳɫĻܿͱƣǵϡ

һСʺָɵת

ԭͦÿɫʱˣĬĬؿɧָС硪̬仯ɫ仯Ȼ仯Сǣʳָָת衣

䳰һ⡰óͷԸһ
˭ϣĿ˿ߵķ롣

ȻСʺ貣רעһɰεӣ̶˳ԡ

һʱס

踺صصҫϡ

ˡ

ָ¶һ̣ܲ˼ؿһۣС߶߶ѻͦģСÿɰ

СأС



̵ؿ۲Զѣһ׵Ǽףˡ
ѹûԷ

Ѿֹ٬̫棬ʲôͷ

ǣֻʣϲС

һ¶Ӳ̣˵ܿɰ

ļ
ϣʳŶϴϣӹ߳ʪĳͿ㣬̯ġ
ȵһӨ͸С

̬䡢ʵڿɰ

°㣬ů˵С͸㡣

Сž˾ͻữѾ㹻ϡܳСͰ˵ллл



ùɲļͷصʱ䳣Ľ䣬ʪ

ڼ¼ҩıڣæ˰죬缰ķȥȴֻʦĲɵԼܡߡ

һ͵ȥҲͷëš

䲻ڸ

缰һɿսģһವ˻ȥ

ɲ

缰ޱ飬̧ʦӣһƽȶûʲô

šüҡҡͷʦʲôëĪ




15.   15    ĩʮ죺

ҹʱ, ˯üȣʱʱת졣ǽߡͬеı춯źͫ˵˰ҹ̾ͷ, ĬĬز, ðܼ˯ȥ

賿, 缰ŵ, ̺պãʳÿλߡ

ֻаٷ֮ʮġ
ֻ, ûźš

缰ֻĻƲؽ˿üͷ塣

ѵȻߴô˯ţ

˶һ, ϻŵ⣬˦ϵˮΣĵؿԶ缰Ŀ˳ȥȻԹԾڱ˯ķ롣
˯úܳĩ缰һֱ۲졢עĶ

ûб, ǹЦݣܳġ

ߴˣ·鶼

˴, ˵ڿֻźš

缰кɫ, ֳǾ, ԹҵĻ˽⡣

Ѿнʮʱ䣬ĩٺĵʮ죬ĳﱸֶ, ںܿͻָźš

ӦǾֲָɣش˸Ƿߣĵأֻֻͬаٷ֮ʮȥ̵̨·ϣԼᣬʰ˲ٿõĶϣ籦ߡֻȵȣȫһԵȫΧڵźŻָѡ

ǡ

缰˱ۣĳЩʱ򡰲̫ϢĹͷƲȥеأǿĵ

ӦûȻָеźš

شѧλڼСӵл⣬ĩٺֻҪҴ쵼˽⵽ֲı죬ԼȽվԮ

Ϊǻʵġ˲гԭҲܼ򵥣еȫĴѧÿԻصĸ˲ţҵ㡢ɫ˲ӿȫĸиҵҵڷⷢȣҡ

ָ󡭡ѳ˼һᣬҲһѡԮء

ǵģչվԮԭ򣬲Ǹ˲Żͨǰƽȡ

ҽоԮʱܸټֵ˭˭

ΣٻӲ˵ļֵվԮȺ

缰ֳǾˣޱ˽㣬ƽص˵ͷ

ԣǵ֯ٺĿǰҴߣΪ֮ľԮṩǰھǰԮʱ䡢ЧתҴߡ

缰˫ֲ嶵˵

ͬվԮ£Խʱ䡢ԽЧתҴߡ

žԮľ˽⵽ҲƱػὫ׼еҴǼתơ

㲻ڼС񡱣ֻڵʱľ

缰֪ʱգ˿ڶ轵ũݵ˲ʤö١ı췢賿ĵ㣬ζ˯֮ʱȻ

ĶٲȻûдǰ־УһȥУҽԺ·ϣʦּ֮ǰιèԭһ͸߸βͣ񡢿ɰصűߣŰͶιè䣬ټʱ¶׹⣬Һɲɭ

½磬ǵеĿꡣ

ǻᾡȫرд࣬ٽһ

һָͨһС˼ԣȥһ̨

š缰ͷǣ¡
۲ԶʳСװϵġ·ͼϵı·ͼߡ

Ц£ļǳǿ

缰Ĭֿ۴ʱ˿ڱ˯շۺķ롣

ÿŮĴ£ҲŲѷɫڹȥá

˯ɰѩۼգڱںڷĳڼͷ˯úܳס񾲣ͬͯа

ȫߵ꣬Ұֻܹעһˡ

Ҳ룬Це°ָͣСڵһ±仯̬˸˸ʥϵĲɫƴ

缰ע⵽⻨ڵġ硱
Ķ˶ûǰԡʱȡ

ֱߺӢ겻¶ɫ̯̯ģ˺ð죬Сѿҡؾż⣬ûֳܱ㡰з顱Ŀɰ

缰Įغġ

ವһȥ

΢ؿԵһСֻɫ֪ʲôֶΣ˺üСʱǸСû

=
̨뽭ʳõ·̣ڶγʱ֮ǰķѵҪ֮һ

·ͼܿá࣬עҪ·پĵص㡣

һΣʳǫ̃缰Լʮʱ䡣

·ͼʳֽʸһݡһ·ϣҿ׼·ͼܡߵĿɿ£˳ص̨

˴ǰֻʮˡ

׵ϵֱ׳רҵͬɡϸھҵ̨ȷϹ㲥豸ɹʹã׵סͷ

У԰㲥ٶ

ǽʳø̨缰䵭ţ쳹У԰Χڣһ࣬ͷ˿е·ͼǵЦ΢ܿ죬Ź㲥豸˵ҽѧԺ缰

缰شѧСҲˡӢҾԽϤ˶ֳ֪Ǿˡ

˿ѵǶ䣬ר˵

ҺԺʦʦ塢ʦ־ǡԥĲ²⣬Խʳڵİʮ缰⼸۲õġܱʽһԲͬרҵʦǶöķʽ˵ܾѵзȡƤʹͷ۵֢״

ܾѺĿǰݶΪԪܡ˵С˵вŻֵġֿܷơ缰署ѧ򶨣ޱȵİģ¿ɷΪľˮ

Ȼвܣ׵ϵϵȵȡ

ܱʽ

ܷ࣬δҪרҵʿо缰˵ĿǰУڸˮϵͳδճˮбϡ

ʳǵΨһ⡣

Уڿݽͨʱ̣Ҳ֪УĽͨʩͬ޷״̬

شѧʳ﹩ӦԽʳþʳõճʹӦгǩͬںĳ˳УʳʳӲҹֹܣʳùӦʱһ㶼㡣

ĩʮ졣

У԰ڵʳﴢû֪ж١ҲǸ翹һ

Ѿ˲ʳŵУ԰ĸڣУ԰ѧ¥ÿһ񣬻ʳýʳǱꡢСͳڵʳƷա

ͳƣУ԰źŻָУ԰֪ͨռҴߵϢĿǰλܱ߿ʳ

һĿǰԽĴ󹤳̡

缰˵󼸾䣺ҴѰʳʱͬУУ԰ڵεԽͬеΪη塣

עⰲȫ

ϣúмʱ̡

㲥ؼͬӵĶѿиŮֱĿЦһǡ¼ɡ

缰ǣ䵭ϳǳǳЦ⡣

˵Ǿ仰ʱܶϣ




16.   16    ĩʮ죺ı

̨ؽʳ, 缰ʳ״塣

ǹµһˣ߻ˡ忴ʾ⣬к׼˲ԶһֻӲдıȮϡ

ô£

ֻ˰ء˵ش, ѵĭ, סŻ, ֱ, Ǹպó׼ȥ԰С

Ļض˵缰Ѿµ

ʳñʳгԿյһ, ԰ںͬУš󡱡èĵص㡣
һϣΣա
ͬʱ, ԰ﻹŲѷɫڽʳñʳ档

ʳȺ壬࣬б춯ǡ

ڲı󡢱èûѪʳ֮ʣԶ׼ѡ̳Ե԰еʳƷ
ʦʦ˴ֱĲ²⣺죬󣬸, ζǵθҲ֮

֮ȥ԰У߿ɹʳáʹõʳﱻ춯ϡ

һʱս, Ҫ춯ﲫ, 

һ, ŵֻòɲıȮԼɳֱۣҺ, ˵巴Ӧ죬ñѹסˡ

赭дص˵ͷ

ĩʮ죬ֻʽٵĵһжԷ

ֱۣͬҡ֣˭˶Ҫսľɪɪ
ڳģҽѧ缰Ϣѧ忴ɫԣ˶ɫ

缰ֻסĹشһ֫Ӳֱٶ

ˣ߰ɡ

ֱѾϵɳڴ˵ֵַܿ𣺡ʱ仹磬ȥ԰

űŷͷ

ǰתͷ缰ѵˮʳչһ¡

һͻ

缰Ĭؿ뿪üͷ΢΢ššֱصʳʱԣλʦߣ˵ŷ

ͷ˵䣬Ц⡣

缰˽ʦ㣬ӳȡҽѧȰʿʦѧܶʱͬŮǶĵʮ൱ŮԴѻͬбԵе롣

߽ʦẰ֣룬֪ҵ𣿡

ʦҲ⡣
ǡ硱Ҫ˵Ǿˮƽѹݶ

Ȼ䣬ĳصһʱ֮

дڽ̿ϵĻ֪ʶܷܺӳơ硱ܣʵ׽͸еİ

ķشеֽȵ۾ʶĦָͷǷ硣

ǣЦ൱ڵˡ

ʵУСȲ΢ʵеܡ

ʢ˺Ľߺǳûֳʦ㶺´𣬻á硱ձߵ鷢
硱У˳ӣؽ鷢Ʋ˶

ۣܲ˼سۣ

ʦ㡢롣缰ۼŷ뾪һ£תͷ°ͼ⡢Ůɻţ

˵һͻ

缰վڷֱ۳סߣͷֽд֡

ϤּѧʱǼᡢѧϢʱд֡

ƾ㡢

ֽдʮ졣

ǸдռǵСѣдĩٵĵڶ죬¼˸̬Ŀͨ

缰۱𣬷ͨеġС
еڷ



֪˵ˡ

һǳÿӹ˫Բ峺ֿ˵Сʱͻ

ǣģû£ѿ϶˳

˵ͷ
жĴ˴γУмġϾĩеġᰲȫ

ҲǣЩһֱߣһڣѵе㽹ơ

缰Уеʧǵӡ

嶼ÿ¶ı顪ƽֹԵһãΧնСƣžҪ

ġ
ָ˵ıǼ⣬׼á硱ɰС

ҪҪʦ㴵磿

£ͷ̫ʱ̡ûе磬Ŵţһȣֻȥˮ衣⡰硱ʱĺó

뻹ûüܾ

ʦ͡³³ССһȦܱʽӶ඼εģϵܡֳҲʵеġˮƽѹݶܲһ

ɿصСС÷ǼǳǳĺʧסЦѩ¶ʦҲЦ



缰ĬĬĬĬջе
ʦ㣬ƯŮʹüۣĵעĿһۡ

ʦ֣ؾͻָûиκηӵĿռ䡣

ĬԵϡ

ʦԾؿʼ֮ͬΪ롣

ʦֻе磬ʦһ¡


սһ㣬ԣһ㡣

ÿؿֻϵƬҪʦ㡣

ʳĵʱʱޣҶǿŲġʱΪû·˼ĳ籦

ڣ׵ϵߡǰȥ̨Ǹ꣬Ҳյĳ£ĥŵ硢յķʽ

ڵʱ򣬳аֻû˵ĳ繤

ȻΪȷֻֻܳЭ顢᲻ֻ仵׵ֻҲࡣ

ͷֻ̨һ̨ûȫû磬ʳóֶ϶ʵڵȲͰƽʱûҲͷŷĵؿʼʹá

ֻլʳµϾַʽ֮һ

ƯŮգغã꣬롣

缰ڲԡƳʦֻĻϣŷЦĲõƬ΢

Ϊȥַ̨ʳľͻѡ

ӵĳԱǶ෢һҲǾۺ󣬴һͬġ
뿪ʳãȥ̨ȥ԰ΪʳõͬǷ
ǴϢǶڻʳƷ

Ӧһݡ

缰ڴŶʳʱ׼ȥŶӵʦ嵭ʦ㣬ûĵʲôҪƬ

ֻʲô˵Ҽǵýҷĵı춯ƬҪ𣿡

á

ƳһǱŶӵᣬָָļţȻֻž缰ԼɣˣȥŶӣķҪҰ

鷳ʦˡ

缰òϿҵ

ʦŶӶߣֻ򿪣Ƭ


ʦָǼű춯Ƭ໬һ¡

缰ʦĺһ䵽ֻ

ʦ̸ֱֻ缰һ̸ܵ˽ͬʱ΢͵ϲ

ʳʱһݱʦ㻹˿

缰ֻʦ㣬лʦҡͷЦ˵ȻƬϱ춯

ûз֣б춯۾Ǻġ

ǵģȥ̨ʱ·ײèһⶼǳۡ

缰ԵúʦҴҸ극˳ƵؽԼǿƸʦ㣬ֲǰδͬ⣬෭һĲΪ

ʦƣ㲻ԣ

缰Թֻͷ

֣ǻǲУȥ̨õģľġ

ҲԱˣȥ棬ʦЦ죬п㣬һ飬˵˵鶼úܶࡣ

缰ҪǿʦĶʦѸٵءһ̵ܵ븽ľٶ£εؿס

ŲԶسʦЦһıӡ

еУþδʡ

ֻһԣӢ㿪ᣬڷЦϡ缰գۣĵವһð
޲£ֺЦأһġ




17.   17    ĩʮ죺缰͡

һȥ԰, ʱѾߵ㡣

Ǵ˼ʳԼ¼λͬ顣

ͬǼ԰ѧĵʮ, ˮ, ʳȱ, ۾ˡΧҲûṩ, ֻܴŵ¥
, ¥ûþײһˡǵͻ˵ĶҲ̫ʵױ춯ﶢ, 󣬼ӽ˶һ

ΪǼ԰иѧƽʱﶼڼ԰ԳеĲֺϤ
ǰͱλʳõͬƿˣֻҪƴĻ, һȵĴ¡

صʳһ㵸˵ôеġ

Ҫţ˳, ֪զľͰŸˡ

ȻǴȥ

ͱһ, 걻ָһ, ˼ƤתͷͿŮһ˫Ŀüߵ, бͱèôһ˽ȥģ

Ȼʶˡ

ʱշۣ۾Բü¶ķʽΣ̲סЦ

Ȼֱͱָšһ¡



㻹Ц

ڵǴĲΪ⡣
ǿЦ⣬ԹԴͷҵܸպܶסè󡭡

Ľ˵˳ڣһŲŷ֣ͷı춯ﶼˡ

ţţ

ʳҲûȫãϾΧѧһûʳˣ¥ȥ԰ܳ伢

ڣشѧǡͬ塱ҪﻥѺùĻ£

죬˵Ļ¿塣

Լδ󶨵ġƱǳں
ʲô⣬ľ֮ǰ

ڱ۾Ƭ˫ۣ͸ǳǳЦ⣬ĳ죬̽Ҫǣ֡

ûоܾ
ָϸ塢㳤ָǳǳ룬סʱе㷢

˵Ҫ֪һ㡣

ޱȵɫ˵

ʲô⣬ۿ⣬˲޴ûᣬԭأ亹৵شӺӿû˱ˡ

˵۽޴ʪڰ׷Ӷ˺þá

亹乣л̻󣬼ɬصǸаղŽȥġ



죬ǼţǷݵСޣ׵صһۣʲô¡ҪһƱȡ

ĿʳڣԶ缰ϡֻӹһ̣ˮ㣬ʱѹ

ᡣ£ؿסָţԲᣬһߵġ

ôܽøˣ

ߡ

ˣء
ϣЦſƲӣԹ˯𣬾ǲߴһ㡣

ֱۣ̽Ҫ

ԺУžһָȥ

ڨڨ

СֱŤǱѶҲãע⵽һĻغ

ϸ磬˯أͬȥЦϯϣűһԵֵӣƵ˶㲻

ѣУ̫

ڰ֣ȥ˯ɣٿֻ

аȡͬ¼ͷû˵ʲôصԼ˯Ľ䣬ûһͺ˯

缰Ҳû˯ںʦԥ˵LJ

ʦԥӳƣ˵ƽﶼǱʲлأڽʱƲģϷʿЦ˵Ģ

ڵʦУԥԸƧ򣬵ݷȷǳǿܶʱܹһѪԼĽ

ʦ֣ñ춯˫۳ʲôԭģ

ԥ۾죬Ϊ۾ëϸѪܷĹߡ[ע]
˶٣ûо׼ݣҲܸ׼ȷ

ûյʱԥ¶ۡ
缰ϰʦֵĸ˷˵ͷûж˵ʲôֻԥ˵Ļ˼졣

˼ʱԥ䲻ءѵõؿ˿ڡ



缰ʦԥʦľګ̧̧۾һȥУҽԺʱµİ״ӣͺŲ̫ϣеɣԵ˴ѧ߿ݵʡ

Ĭ

缰ԥ˵ѡ

һĿǰ״̬
ǿģϾ׽ʦʦܹϵԥмǿĵ¹ۣʦ˵ľګۣȴ涼

һʦʦУ缰ԥӡһֱǳĬԡºͿɿ

ǽţԥ˵̫á

缰ĬȻ
ԥʦʦ㶼ҪԷ㺡

ӢǱߣС̺ӣĹĵر塣
֪Ϊʲôȥ԰ʱΣ壬֪Լ׵λҲҪһ˽԰

˵֧еġ
ŷڽʳðʮеõȨ

缰쵼⡣ͬбšкɫǾˣܲܲ뷨
˵ͷܺò³缰ļʱܻ˳žǡ

ԵãʮʮѧԺͬѧƽʱһڿڡϸ硱С̶ʱ䣬ʳð̶˹ϵһڡ̡ÿϡ

ȻԵʵԸʳҲһĻȨ

ûȻ
ǣֻͨ棬ܿĻȨ
ȴûȨ⣬εԭ򣬿ֻղ

Ϊ˷롣

缰˳ǣʦϵллʦֽ̻塣

δŮδޡҲ㲻ǽţ缰̹Ȼޱȣƣ⣬ȻųһϸСܰĻֻǳһѡ

ԥƬ̣ǿͬ⣺˵ĵҲмֵ

缰ٿȻչաͷԥ

˯ʱ֣缰ϴϣ̧̧֣һҡζʡ
ĻϸСһСľͻῴ©
ζͦŨ

缰ƣðһͷ
գյһС缰

Ͽ˵Сζܰ㡣

ҵģһ£ԥ£ԼǲǲϾܾ缰רıȡ

š

缰סؿװӣҸʦҲһСݣûʲôֻͦ㡣

ֵͷСζ
Īϲζ

˵ʦҲУǶһ˵ģҲͷмЦлл㡣



缰ƵؿͶĿʱµصЦ




18.   18    ĩʮ죺۵Ļ

شѧĵͼ, ÿѧУΪֽʰ͹صĵӰ档

ͬѧֻﶼеӰĵͼȻڣͼѾ˶á

н̻, ѧУ԰Ҳˡ
ҪߵԺУڵ̻ʴ, شӽУ, ÿУ԰滮, ֲ̻ò˲
꣬شѧΪиУ̻ǰеĸߵԺУ, ⷽŬܵزŵν


ʱգ̻ʹУ԰ɭ͵ġ硱

ֻм㳡Χûľһͬѧƣط˷ͷгܽϰ, ĩûǰÿ϶У԰·ʮ๫У԰ֲ̻и

㳡ݷͼǰߵĹ㳡ޣܽٳ⣬򳡡

Ψһȷرλòᱻֲﵲס·ļص㡣

춯ֲֳıָͬ
춯ΣǡѪ, ĸõߣǵĴʹİȫܵвø򵥵˵൱ڴǰ԰ʨͻԽܵۼ, ˶òɲ, Ѫڡ, ֻʱڲӷ϶ȡѪ⣬Ӷ

ֲ, ҪǸߴľУ԰·ͨв޴ϰ
ߴľ֦Ҷ̣ϱ仯У԰ڵĳЩʩźƻˣҰݰȣں̶ܴӰⲽаʱٶȡ·ߣǲòµ

缰¼ͬṩϢ

תͷѣԹûձֲ𣿡

Թѵıͦ΢ָĻһһأͬư˸ǳǳɫΪɫָ䣬ȼ֣ûԡ

缰ס

ľϵȻͷıֲﲻͬԴ
ÿ˵ܶĶǿѾܹʹܣΪĿǰṩ

ǰź³ųѰȰķζȷʵ

ıϵڡɱų˵ڶ̶ʱڿƺý춯ﶳĳ̶ȡ
ʦɣư̾пڲʵңȻ嶳춯ҲóѪƬݡ

˵缰ģԼġϵܡС̸롣

˷룬һûɫڶʱҲûôܵȥæð죬Żͱ鵽ʳﱣʱ˵˼ĵĻЦ̡

з꣬Ҿһ飬Žļƻ

ߣȣ׵ĿڴðһС⣬缰С
忡꿴ͬ˵ذձߵ鷢Ʋ
ָ¶ȳȣڷļձߣ˳ƿһۡ

鲻ۡ

¼ġһЦ

缰侲س񣬼ͬ˵ϤУ԰ص㡣

ũѧԺСɽ϶ѾȫˣЦ˵ûǴĻСɽǿ鶼ũѧԺѧƽʱֲĵذɣ

˵أܻش⣬ͷǡ
ԭ롻μũѧоţ˽֪ũѧԺѧƽæµֵĵص㡣

Ȼ˿˵ݣ󲿷Դĩеϸڡ

ƾԭ롻μӹũѧоŵĸ˾˵ҲпŶȡ

＾ּŮ˵öȪˣ֪ѾкܶͬѧСɽȥˡ



ȥ

⻰ҶѾ²ⲥֺĳж١ʮֻѿһţڡ족ǰ£Сɽʲô

ýֺͷõ

ߣƬֲ԰ֲռݡ

֪ϸڱ˶ҪһЩδʳΪҪǵĽ⡣ǰԬˮӽȫµʳ⡣ĩٺֲ죬ڡֲһⷢ˱죬ԭʡʼߵֲٽʺʳõʳ
ǰԱʳϺķѵо֮ǲòڸºıֲѰҸʺʳõ֡

δľϵߵĴöȱʳõ⡭Ŀ缰ϣĵƳһ
ĩУ缰ȫǿġľϵһʱ
˽ҽѧ֪ͷſɴʹѿܣ˻ڲŵʳΣ

ʳΪ졣

ô˵ĩУĴڸǿǿڣ⣬ΪָŬ

ջĿ⣬˵ȥСɽּСջΧҲũѧԺѧǵĿγҵ



ҾĬŵΨһһ˽ũѧԺũѧԺͬѧСɽּƻճ̵˷ԡ

شѧũѧԺ˽⣬ǳϸ¾տоݣ

γҵרҵʦҪͬѧֻľġ

һԵͬѧҪ˱ʺֽѸֽϻ˽Ϥ·ߡ

ũѧԺСɽ뽭ʳһСʱ·Ϊĵĵ幫ǰСɽ£ҪķԼʮӵʮӵʱ䡣

ּСջһ·̣Χֲָϸѩףͷ·ߵʱԱߵ̽ͷע⵽ָĵӣɫǳƯ

δҪۼһʱ·϶ߡ

缰¼Ϣ
ܿ죬ũѧԺĻҿʼԼ˽⵽У԰رԽɫص˭Ҳûз˵ôˡϾУڣƽʱֻڽѧ¥ᡢͼ߶Ĵ࣬ǼõˣҲΧ·ߣǷʲôֲ֡

ʳڲʮ˵ġᡱ

缰һ죺ھǵŹ𣿡

ڶûźţզ취ǰ


̾ĩٵĵʮ죬С׷Լļˡ
Ӷĵ͵ૣǵصİϢ

Ҽֻ֪Ұ᲻ᱻһۿᣬʹϡôɵҲ֪ڶϵıձԵģûһֻܹܿ

ĩղžѡ

ִУ飬ֻǵϲСѡ

˭õԭɻèè˵սľĹأ

޴࣬ٱ춯ֻһ³

Ҫйĩٵͷ죬˷Ŀʳڵĳ̬
ʱգѹõİˡأðͷ

޵ʱ򣬴ɤӣֱԵͬۿֽ

ܳĬָ½ǣļͷ
ֱס

ԼԼ᲻ޣֱ˹ͷλöǸġ

һֻǣǣ룿

ţ
ԹԵ̧õͷһ˲ɺϣĴ°͡

Ĵͬ¶Ļꡣ
סˡ

Ҳˡ

ţϷź죬飬˿̵ĸܡ

ͼҲûָܵһ㣬ǰû̸˲סԺ彻ĩʮ죬Ҳ̸ĵʮ졣

룺

Ҫ˵ʲô

ŬңҸղžһȴû뵽ɺϷһ¡

ק½ǵָͷɿˣƯŮ첻ӣװͰ͵ؿһۣޡ
һޡͷһ£ǲǺˣ

룬뿴С𣿡
ޱȱ׾ͼֺŮѡ

ӣſģһԲıܵľĵ£һ仨

õ廨
͸ӨǳޱȵĻ䡣

֮ǰСˣһѧ˺ܶ࣬Ժټ㿴òã

ͷ
ֽӹһõ壬ǳǳǹҫЦ⡣



缰ȫעĿŷڷ롢ϵ¡
ߵö죬ٵӹõ塣

ȫ̶š
޷˵ĸӡ£ɬĿˮͬһĻȻӡ

ϻЦģֻҲжá

ָĻưӹܿ죬·ߣЦǳǳһ䣺

Ƕ仨ۣͦǰɡ




19.   19    ĩʮ죺ѵġ

, ʱҪλУѵ˶УǺƢЦ, ˵ʱݸ, ȴ֣, Ůһµ, һҪҼӸߵͬһߡ

ΪʲôͬʱҪԭҲܼ򵥡춯Ծθ, ǰѾйһŮ԰ҧסĲʹӣ֪ҪСıĲλ

ӰС, ױ춯Ϯ˾



̶ʮʱʳõҴͬҲ¹ɣ

ԶΪλ뿪ʳãֻҪжλ׳꣬гŷ춯Ǿǵ㣬ٳٲǰ
뿪ʳõͬУиӽС, ǱӵΧڶУΧèͻȻԾϮ

ͬʱ, һ̽뿪ʳ, ̽Χĵͼ֮, ǵõ˹ڶС桱Ϣ

մ߼һֻȳ棬̧̧۾ϴű齺, ϰһֻڱе棬ƽʱûʲôһG

רҵͬҽѧ˽벸鶯
˵ţ߹ز䣺ȳĿˡ

ֻǶ̶ȣũҵ棬һԶףͷ滹ǰӣ֫ڽӲֱԲͻ񣬡죬һζų溦ǿ

ȳǵش󺦳棬üͷ֪뵽ʲôϵıѿĻȳ棬֮ǰλȴʩܻȫʧЧ

ߵ͵Ź溦뿴ıӰ΢΢

ʦ˵Ļ˳ĩеϸڡ

ʳΣ溦⡣

ĩУķʮʱ䣬زʽɡ
֮ǰȫ죬ȫʷܸľ鳹áڽϣķѪоʤʧܣղŶð˳ɹ

ĩУʵзԱ춯ֲҩش󹦳
ô˵ûĴڣҩзҪꡣ

缰һĩеɫ˳˳ػ˽֣˾ࡣ

գ͵͵һۣͷе˵룺ܴ

һۣûдŲԶǸѱӰЦС̧̧üĵɰ롣

ٿ壬ĽҵôɰŮѡ

ڿม

̸һʬ屻ժµ齺׹סרʰšʱʦôһ䡣

֣һϷʸпʣŵЦ⡣

ʦ㱾ûʲôҲһ˵֡С¡ĶȤζ֪仰˵ڣ۳ǰŽ˿۾忡Ĳ԰˵죬齺ϵָӲð죬ԿƵ˽

͵˵֪

עĿ֮âڱϸʱУ֮µˮǳǳ֮ǻ

彫ʹùһ齺׵ȷʰ׼ҵطٵЩ

Ҹлѣĵطֱˣעⰲȫ

ּǵôϣչǵˮ

ϸ꣬˸ʶĻϵȥ佫Щʰɾ֤ʳڲᱻЩȾ

ĩٵĵʮ죬ʳڲɹӦ˳ԷĴʳãĿǰס˰ʮˣṩϯӡ̺ӣԱ̶ȣҸ˹̶ϤĽΪճϢ˯ĵص㡣

ϰߴڿʳǽһ䡣
һɫ׹ǺܿɰżƯ˵ʡ
̺ӱ۵÷ʦĳ·ע⵽˯弫Ծذ̺ãŪøɸɾࡣ

Ա߷һ֪Ϊʲôǲ׻С
ԭСõ廨ͬǱϵܵͬ黹ȡôųòı

˾ͳص̸ð죬ʵǸͷ׽ɫػصԭλãȡ˴𣺡ѧѧˡ

ԵеǱιι˰㣬ŵǱʦͨϵá

ʲô

ͷᶪġΰ󡣡૵һʳ˽֪пǧ

ʮˣŮŮУµټ

ôΨһһԡ

Ҷ˵ĩٵǰһϣǷһʳóԷҹʳãôɣײ˼Сʱĩ

Ҳã˴һ飬ܻ֡Ҫͷ£´Ҹһ

ʵۡ

=
ѴӺ߳ϵˮû˦һ´ܳĻոָеĳʪ

ӢʵĸҹӸ磬ǽߣһֻ֮ǰȥ̨̻ʱʰĵ̡

ûг̵ëֻȦڸܰݼ֧̣顣
Ϊ˵˵ֻ̣ͣͳ档

⻬ϸָתʸУĬؿǽԣ֧ţЩú̵ϴүࡣ

ɫ̬۽޵ʹһ档

룬ҰϴҺݹòã

ʳþô󣬲ԶŮẰ̧Ǳ߿ȥ

ӦãһƿϴҺݸǸŮ

Ůرϲؿһۣ۾Ц䣬лл룬鷳

ˬҡҡͷʲôҪҰæ𣿡

ûʲôҾ״˺ü죬Իϴϴһûϵܺ¡

ۣðŮߣˮŲ÷㡣

Ůӱӡ

ʧЦ˵ܲ˷˵𣬾ͬԣҲΪ˵Ͽࡣ

ָܳһС档

ܵʱǺ޲ġָĳ̳һСϸĻ档

ǱŮһߴϴ·һߺͷ

룬أŮһʡ

ղȥˣ˵ͱȥʳð˵ʣµļС߲˻ǵñһ¡

G˵⣬ǺʳǲǿԹˡҲʣ²ණ˰ɡ

Ůӳüϴˢ·뱾Աʧ䣬ҲѿһϴҺ£ʲô

µڷܼ£֡

һ̣Ůʪ̧űӣССغ㶼𣿡

šҶһѾˡ
οŲú

Ἣˣ˵ʱϸС۵ĿǣŮ˲Цˡ

ܿ죬תƣĩǰ˴˵רҵ밧ˡ޹صС¡
̶̼ӣԹ۵ĽǶȣۼЦݡȾŮӡ

ָ⶯˶ͬʱеһθ΢о

Ǻθ衣

һ̣ĬĬش̣ڴţҶȻشǰ巽չ¶ӢЦݡ

롣

Ůϴ·ݶںֵķ̧ãȻӦһôˣ

ѵǰһ͸ξͫ񣬾ȻҪ˵ʲô

Ƭ̺ŸɰͰ͵ؿ˿ڣ

Ҫϴ·𣿡

ûӦһŮӵ˵˧޵еգգۣ˵ҿ԰·Ŷ



ԥ˿ֿ˿ǰ裬ίܾڲãлл㡣

ʧ䣬ϻǹſʵЦ⣬ף֮ҪҪҾͺá

ãллٴòл

Сֻʣ
ϴҺ㣬ݵ͸˸

Ůۻ𣬶뿪ıӰĬĬأ³֣ѧ˾

ţû˵ʲô

ƵؿֻõŮһЦûʲôŶ

һҰ·̯òãҪû·ɡ

áˬشӦ

ˣ֮Ҫϴ·ʲôģҺɱȽϺáŮǻϵߣ˵䣬ΪԴǣ
赭дļ仰ͽضҪ뷽򽻵ͼ

ϾǶŮӣȽϷ㡣

˵ͷޱȵ룺˵ĺе
ǣܿͰǰ˵Ļ֮Ժһɶ




20.   20    ĩڶʮ죺ŵϣ

ĩٵĵʮ졣

ʱ, ѵһﺬˢãȻǽ⿴ȥ

ʳø¥ʮһֱ, ʳʳƷȼѶȹЩʱյѧ, ҲǶ
ǲҿ̨, ֻȱ, 硣

ʲô

Ӷ䣬е̶, ܿ죬ʧ
µĭˮͷˮ, ˳Ĩһ

ʳݾϴֳأ˳ڲĹ⣬ʰһԼܿ죬һѵͬǶŶҪˢϴ

Ͼŵңһ󶯾

ԭڲǽߵԣǽڣؿŲԶΧŴ˿ơʱ, һŵ˿ơ
ԭ˺һȥƣЦžܾˣѡһԿ֡

ź͵ĳ, ͷϵı
ʱεδš

ʱ롢ֱǵһ˲䡣
þŵ

һϤ紫, סˡɿվ

վ˲, ΪʳڵĽ㡣
缰ü

ѵĸ磬̶ʮҶϤЦ, ŸеĺƢԵҲáͬʱ˵ʱ˵ĻñˡƵջɢ

ŵʱ̡

ôˣ

ͬΪѧԺļͬΪʲô£ϸ磬Ȼվ

ѱȻһƣʾܹרע侲ز

ϵıôҶ⵨սľ˶˳ǽ⿴ȥ

һ֮á

Ȼ󽥽ʧˡ

ʧϵΧ˶ϣ缰˼΢΢չüͷ

岢̫ںʲôڵͷָס

ҵһָ׵ָˣһֻԼûϵһҪʲôԸ£˵ܰ

ֲŸռֵöָףʣµĻȫɡ

뵹ȫע⵽ѵķӦжʲôѾ˶ۡ

Ǹȡ˵ɻش



úܶ˶ͷԣǺѧԺļͬǻȻ

ģ

ǡѵ˵ͷһ£Ŀǽ⣬ǲ֪ʲôá

һ¼Ƶͬܵ˺ıпš[ע]
Ǻ˻˽ҵ֪ʶ

ѧԺλͬûСϾǲڹ׼֤ﻹ˺չ˾СĿȾϢɼɷֱ豸졣

ʲô˼񣿡

ֱˣ˭𣿡

ƵѯӶ˿Ƶ˶пƣؿ

ɲںϵֶΣش¹ʡ

У԰ʹֶΣΪʲô
ʱȺĿģ
޷Ϣв׽ؼ

ָѾԲÿָţȴݣϧ˵ˡ

ԹԵذջ
ϤŮӾ塢λòԶһ·Ļϵ֥˿ҲҧָؿͷƣѰ

һС֥£εЦˡ

һԹָͷС㱻żָףһҵҵϸģָ׼ã̧ǡȡôͬǡ

˭Ҳû֪ѿ˵ġ豸ʲô

Ψһһĩԭģ˽Ϣķ룬֪豸˭ʹáΪʲô

׼ָͨѶɡ

˵һ䣬Ϊ̫ɣеĴ

ˢˢؿ˹
ҲŲæسЦһ£۾䣬Ц𣺡ڵļǿ˻ƶͨѶ𣿡

˻ȫзȻֺźȱʧʱزŶɳ̨˻ڿڵصϵϡ

ĩ٣У԰ڣ޷֪Ϥ
ֻҪһ룬ܲµ

ĩٵǰգĴڣ˿Ʊӭ轵˿轵ҲᵼϸиҵĹؼλȱڡ

ʮʱпɿءԴѾǼѵ¡

ѧǸ԰󲿷ڴѧ﹤ʦǣҵеϡ
ᾭȱʧȺ̡˲š䲻±ƣ벻ؼҪ㡣

ȻؽӹĻ硣

죬п˻ʱƻƽ˵ͬ赭дһŵۣҪ˻վ˳УܻҪ

˵Ĭʮ㣬֥˾;ùۡ
ƫƫ˻ʲôһ˵貣һעĿԷ

ע⵽缰ı鶼仯

ϸ룬˵ĺеǿ˵꣬ƯŮ򴽣ߵЦţҲ˵˵ȻҲп

˵˵ʹǰڹ㲥豸и߼ԡʵҴ߾۾ӵصսȫһ¡

һ⣬ʱӡ֤ȷԡ

ĩٵĵڶʮ졣
һյ

ڸ֮󣬲̶̰СʱʳòǽһɫĻ⣬мףŴưҴܳޱȵ

ܿ죬ȺҵķзȣңңɼֻһͷԵڵ档

߿Ⱥ׹أ綹䣬ڵһʪѪۡ

һĻͬǶĬ

Ȼʹø߿Ƽ˺ֶΣԱȺ

ѧԺѧǵ񵯣

ǣоõҪǿöࡣ

ǵľڿýѧʱʦۿļ¼ƬóĽҲԥ϶

ѾؿȺĶ缰԰׾룬ʣ˽𣿡

õ񵯣ѵӶ࣬ϵĿЦ⣬ڴ˿ȻʧֻʣȻڣӦø˽⡣

仰˼ˡ

ǾʹõֶΡ

ѲרҵļԱٶƶϣûпɿϢҲ¶ۡؿһĿ˴˿̰ʳð̶˳ķϡ

缰Ȼ

뿴ûбʲôӰ졣ʳðҲϲЦ˵ƯŮһ飬æɻ㣬ܿ죬߾;˼Ůһš
ǵ죬Цģ߰ӰŸˡ

ûдߣֽдֻ֣ʱʱ̧ǱŮӾۼĵطһۡ

µĺпġ缰˵ţ⿴ȥңԶߣںƵıԵǳǳ΢⡣

񵯷պСʱ

ʱ֡

ֵĳ浽һأֻ˵һͻȻյһϢ

ֻĻŵı־ޱԡ

ԭء

Ǻʶ֣㿪˶š

ˮĿ޺ʰ㡢ϢشĺдΧСʳڵˣҿ쿴ֻ

ϢϢˣ

ݾѵͬģǸһѣҵĺ

ֻ򿪣㶯š

[еͬǣ賿ĵ㣬ѽȫ򣬵ȫµͨжϡӦ˻ִиϿգʱָƶŹͨš˻ͿʱƣָʱֻСʱ뾡챨ϵˡ
ʱͨļվԮϢǼַ޵ʱڣͬϢǼǣԱרҵԱоԮ
ףƽ]

ţţǽŷȥĿʮĿơǡʹ࣬˿֧

忴룬ͫһƽյĳξһ̣Ȼź졣ʪ׵һۣӣʪЦ




21.   21    ĩڶʮ죺Զ򶨡

Сʱ, ˵Ҳ˵Ҳ̡
ˮУϵģȷʧͬ, , ԼϢǼڼʱͨվԮַϡ

ͬǿϲ, ֱ, ֱ˵ǵȥ̨һˡ

壺̨

볱ʪ׽͸

һ˲֪˻ϢΧ崵ͬǶҪ򶨡
ǵʱ˭û˼ϸڡ
Σʱ, ˽ġںסµʱ˵ޱȣû˻Ҫȥ֪ܻ֪ͨϢҴǡ

ĩٶʮ죬ųֻѾû, û׵ϵǰ߰ȫУй㲥ǻѵõĻᡣ

ܿ˼

˵ͷã֪

һ̣峯ǸѾֻ׵ϵ߽ǵ˼䣬ܿ, ŵͷ

˶ż磬˿̵绰ͨϢ޻ӦҲҪ̶СʱͨѶ

ңң缰ˡ

缰Ҵҵس, ʶЦһ, ۿ΢΢š

ջ, ûдͨѶʱ̡

СʱѻΧһȦȻ, ʳ˼ˡ

ѯܡʦֽߩű飬߻شǳȥˡ

ȥˣ

ãȻԥ׷ʣȥʲô

ȥ̨죬Ǹصͷû׷ʣæźͼ硣˲¡

֮飬˭⡣
缰ѵˣڷŵʱ̣ҲæµںԼ硣

صššüͷٶֳ˷롢⣬׵ϵһλ繤רҵصģԼλܱʽΪǿͬǡ

缰ںֳ磬ȥɼϵ侲רעؽĻʮࡣ

ʳǫ̃ʺϲе·ߣֻҪʮӾܵ

ʱʣ̨ʱ˻УϷʱֻʣһСʱ

㲥豸У԰лص

缰ֳĵ绰δҶϣ֪ĿǰĿ˳Ź㲥ؿȥ

Ϥö쳹У԰

ǽʳø̨Ƿ룬1453֡

Сʱǰ˻ѾɵУУϿ򣬼ʾҴߵ¼վԮַϢĵǼǡɫܶ˿ˮ㣬ת󣬱㲥Ŵ͸˹峺缰ֳĵ绰ͨѶֻûеҲ벻Ҫš

ֻûеͬѧǣԽȥУͣʹõ綯ĵؽг硭

ֻеûеǼǼ¼Ϣͬ飬λﻥ

̨ͬǣһλ׵ϵߣԾͽ硣
˵һ仰㲥øˡ

Ǹ׵ϵӹ㲥صҾȴңһֱȵ˻̡

һСʱʱ䣬ֻĿԼӽٶȹ

ҲУ԰㲥еݡ
һ䣺ѧУŮ𣿡

缰Żعش𣺡ǵġ

⺢Ӳܼǵ֪ͨȫУ͵𣿡

еĻ֪ͨ˻췵̺δУϿ

ȷһεʱ𣿡

ɳЦһڵܶȱ˻̳Ҫʹá

պмԱ׵ܣܰæֳѵ͸ƣɬּȶȱ쵼Ҳ˼ǰ·ѡ

缰ֳǱߵı˷ĘԼ춯ĳ졣

Ҳ¶۸ʲôʱһ˻˵ҶΪиŬ

=
ĩٵĵڶʮ죬̨㲥һСʱࡣ

Ź㲥УϤķ롢塢׵ϵˣϵתȫУҴʦڵҪЩʲô

˻Ѿ̣ůģûϼѵǲҪϣղյ缰Ϣ֪ͨңú˻ɵشѧУϿա

ʱ䲻ȷһٴε

ʱą֪̊́ͨҡ

㲥豸ĵȿˮЪһЪ

ǣ㲥豸˽˹ȥһʱҲû˵ֻ̨ϤϤĽŲŲӵ

ϣ̵غˮ̨㲥ͷߡ
һĹ⣬ںƲߣɵմɫˮʡ

ϵıȻ׵ϵĿһۣΪееܡ
ߣЦ˵

ͷעĿŮֻһǡ

һ㲥֪ͨرչ㲥豸

У԰ٶ˳š

ʳõǵȵǻʱǰɱڵҹĻѾȻ¡лȣңңȥǻؼҵĵƻ

˳·;ѧ¥Զҵʳ

صʳõһ֧飬϶ƣ֮ɫ
ʳð̽ѾŮϵϣǼðĨᣬŸлҡ
ϵĵ㣬ͼѧ˷ǻˣſʼԷ

缰ʦ彻̸תͷͿС룬ɵغࡣ

ܷװ±Ƥÿ˷һš
ȥ̨ˣֵš

缰룬ߵߣ徯ؿ

ϵ𣿡

գ۽ޣ˵ûУǶڹ⣬Ҳȷźš

֯յжǳ֮ǿһһΪͬ·ϡǻٶȣ֮£ЧΣ˭Ҳ֪ؿʪʢŽơеؿЦһ¡
ҰοƣΡ

缰ȻĬؿ

ð˵Ǹ

ãͷ̵Ҩ࣬װ°㣬ҲϵҰ裬ȥ̨֪ͨһˡ

εסͷ缰ʵڲ֪˵ʲôźá
˳ԼļˡûС

˵ʲôС֮ӡ

ֻؿһ̧̧ۣ֣̽ŰĿ°ˡ

=
ҹ

缰ܳٻû˯ǽߣֵֻͲֽдŽֳϢ

оȮһⷢ죬¾ڳԱ
ĳ˿ͥӵѴ23%ȴèռƵĲ⣬ȡ[ע]

ϢУΣԶѪĲ鶯
桱ΣԻ˸ͱ־

ֻаٷ֮ʮ

д󼸸ֵֽ֣Ͳص
谵ʳôڣշתࡢĿޣҲ˳˯šס

ֻĻл

磬1520֣УϿ˻Ϣ

[˻ڻٶȵУϿա]

ظúܿ죬˸[á]

֮ڹ㲥ߴң˿ֻ޷ˣҲػŵĻ

ۣʢϣ͸΢ãɵطġ

缰ƽؿŶԻνϷʮǰһѯ

[ڳ㳡̲꣬ʲôȵ̲]

ûлش
Ȼһˡ




22.   22    ĩڶʮ죺С̫

ĩٵĵڶʮһ졣

ʳڵ, һ棬һ뺮
ϵͬϣЦݣδϵͬʧǣۿͨ, ˡ

˵, ڴٺ, ֪ѿѾجġ
кõ, ͷתתȥʱʱش

, Ѵҵ

ܺûڵĵһĿǺúûȥ

缰ӱԡںܶеӡ, ԹЦ
ʮյ飬Ϊ˺ذͬʳסӣĻ֮ǰࡣ

˵꼸伤Ļдֽע⣺
Ҹ˵һĿǰ˽⵽Ϣ

оæʹٵ·ͳ׼ٵؽֳ֪Ϣתڳ, ҶˣУ԰ڵ·ѱֲڱΣ޷ͨС

ݳ̻, Уĵ·ҲѱֲڵռĿܡ

ʸߴ23%, ˶޷㡭

缰̧, о۾ϸͬǵһһɱı춯ߴֻ

и뵽ʲô㣬ѹֿ־˵Ҽǵѵʱ򣬽̹˵, кֻܶľȮ

š

缰ֻǳǳӦһ

ֽ󼸸ؼϢ֪ңȻƣ̾˿Լ˸ŵĿ֣ǰػɱ춯ָں󷽾ԮҴߣвڼλϸȫµźͨѶ

ⲿֽȱǲֻܹŵȴԮͷ缰˵ΧڣҪԾȡ

밲ؿһĩ֪ľ飬缰ڵõϢ󣬱ʽʼﻮŽشѧеҴ֯һܼ£ΪվԮǰ

ƫͷ˿ע⵽˫͸ξŴ˵缰

סģʶĶɵؽӿ

缰˵ȴѾеں

ʲôأһŮҭţֲᣬѹŲɫ缰ʵѾȷϸĸֳġʧȥף޷Ƶش޹ȴʱ¸ҡᶨطԣΪͬǾľ


缰밲Žǰ

Ϣһɡ

䲻ؿ˿ڣƽȶ崺㣬͸˵ů

缰ʶسķȥ

ûˮ
ںܶۿʪؿʱִأأϢһ졣

ǶҪϢ

˴ߩҭţ˵þδȥ

缰㶵ؿð죬ִٵصͷ
˵ãԲҿǲܡ

=
ĩٵĵڶʮ졣

У԰ڵıȺԿƼֶɱ˸ʮ֮/šһϾڵҴͬҲҿ罻

߲ļޣݲ԰׵к¥µĿɲ״һʱɫתͷ˵ˮرߴˮ

ҲڶʮĲ뼢£ԭСɫɫǳһɫš

ǽǻѷʮ棬һۣЦţܲʱһһ룬ˮȥ
ǲ״ġ

ĳ˵ǱȽ˵ġ

У԰ѧ࣬Ҳ١

ϲèУ԰޵ĺڲҲڵСͳ󡢻֦ȣڲʱװڴû֪С裬ĩʱʧȥ־ʹ󣬿Ծǿǰ벻˼ҧˡõĻҲҧһʧѪݿˡ

סңŶǰϷҹ꣬ƽԺܺϡ˶ϰͷʳʳƷȪˮϰܹ˳˳ذ

ңĩٵĵһ죬ļС
һֻСè

ûҿûҿšڻలοУʹѵذ˻Уϣźš

Ϊ˻˳пУȺ䣬ʹ˸߿ƼֶεĴʩУ԰ڵ˲١

߿еΣԴ󽵵ͣͷ

߲ˮ棬ҰʬµѪۣ޵ﲼϣĺۼž׹䣬綹㣬ƹСıѪۣǵʬƱ춯£ֻɢ

Ĳ״ǿŻ

ǳСɫֻе𣿡

аٷ֮ʮ塣


Ĭ

԰ˮĨĨɬ֪ͨźˣȻǿ϶˵ǼϢʱ䡣

ǵֻ᧿Σڵ·ƺҲ⣬ϳҲ޷硣ʮǰǾͽֻػ

˵һźŻʲôʱ򣿡

֪԰Цţֿ´̽¥¿ȥ뽭ʳһ·

ԭһֱû뿪ҡһǱϣɳרҵԮԱǰǡ

ɿĹٷϢǾ֪ķ˶ʮ֯ʹ˻ͨѶ·ζҲܼѡ

Ϻڣ԰ؿСɫᶨٵ죬ҪǻȲϢ¥ɡ

Сɫ˳ǽǵʮʡԼķ棬ͷ
ȻЦһ£ȥǱҧǱ

ƴһƴˡ



ĩٵĵڶʮ졣

˻ĵڶжһСʱǰشѧϿ

ʳõҴͬǽ֯һӣҴҸ̨ûǵУ԰㲥ʹֲ㲥̨

λĿ¥ԵУ԰ֲ㲥̨

ǷѧԺ̷ѧʦͣ곤ʦɳơأ˵˻ڰСʱǰѾУУϿգ֪ͨ˼ʱǼϢ硣

缰Ϊ׵Ķ飬һʱͣ˵·;ֲ㲥ѡ

ʦܿ˵Ӧ֪Ŀ¥¥һͣлͬѧĽ飬ҵҵĵ綯ԿףֻͨѶ豸ȱ˿ԵĿ¥ҡ

У԰㲥곤ʦԼܿ죬Ц⣬ڹ㲥豸Ŀ¥׵ı춯ѾҺҵλѧɱ
Ϊ˽춯ʬûвϸɱֻɳ񣬴·ʱܻȵҲҪע㰡

Ŀ¥ļ·ΣСģ©ı춯

һҪƽƽ

곤߶߶ڹ㲥϶ţǼȺ͵ĳԣ߲ɵۿ졣
Ӳ̲סͣʱ͵͵ᡣ

缰ĬȻʦ˵ѹѹͬʾ⣺߰ɡ

ȻǴ˴ǰ̨ĿģѾֲ㲥ǰ֪ͨ

缰Ҫ֪ͨ˵Ϣ

˴˻УϿʱСʱ
̨缰ʵʱ磬еõ˹Ϣ

ǣһһڹ㲥豸и֪ȫУҴǡ

ĿǰͳƳҴ缰Ϣʧ˿Ѿﵽԭ˿ڵİٷ֮ʮ
⻹ǱعƵĽ

㽫ĻϢ֪У԰ڵҴǡ
˴ǰʹ⣬ûκκô

һ缰ӷѧġ
Ĺ㲥֪ͨϢʱ̫౯ڸҴһػ

缰뵽˫ۣ޷縸ĸʱڹ㲥峺ĵ

˶٣ڹ㲥豸У˵ĿǰֶȱҪǰԮϵ׼ʱɱҪȫУҴģܱ̽ߵص㣬ڱȫǰɱ춯

δȷ춯ǷдȾԣɱʬ벻ҪʹûУֲ賤׷У԰֡



ǰ·ѣ̿˵

̻صʳá
缰ƣϣѵûسڵ࣬Ŷͬϸۡ

ȥ̨
ʳæ

ͼλܱʽΪǿͬǳӣɱֻèռ˲ʳصʳá

һ룬һ飬

ѴӺ߳лȼգ㽫ָ䳱ʪˮ¡
룬Ȼ缰˵ദúܺá

š缰ע⵽һȺ˴ǽٶ磬ɲãʧȷϼѾġ

ѱֱۣϣӢʿεӹָҹȥһӡ

缰̧̧üëѵ÷עϡ

Ρ̹Ȼһ¼ͷҵļǶڰȫĵط

缰Ĭ
þõؿŷ룬ϸָҳһ̣ȻЦһֿʼ

Χͬ飬ŮǺۿؼ䡣
ǻ˿ڵСޡ
Χů̫ȡů⡣




23.   23    ĩڶʮ죺񼡭

ɱ춯, ںƽ˵һδɹڴ˿ֲò¡

缰ͨѶʱйڱ춯ϢĽСġ

ڻûȷ϶ԭ, ųЯҽѧܽĲ, ڵ绰ص, Ӧö, ȾϣǾͲȬ¡

޺Ҫѧֶδʬ, ʬܴΣ

ĩǰԲĶʬ壬ֶΡһ, շ񷨶ʵʹƵʽ϶ġ

ȻУ԰ڱ鲼ֲȼգش֡շûкʵĳרҵʱȻ²ߡ

ǣϵǿʼʹܣͬԸֶŪ¶ı춯ʱ, ɽ㣬ɳ˱춯ʬϡһ㣬߳ƽ, һСذ

ԶԶȥ, ĳֻĵ۵ǲУ԰, ƫƫβ㣬Ѫ飬Ĺ, ΪУ԰һԱС

ʳýˣÿȥͷɱ춯ࡣ
ҶԸԭܱʽǿģԸ⸶ʱ侫ɱģ¸ȣҪμӡ
Щ˵ܱʽСĩǰȣҲжһСҶһСˮĳ̶ȣĲֻ࣬ʳڹɱ춯ͬϺȡ

ҲǲԸ⡰Ϻȡеһλ
ʵʵʳ

ദʮ죬ʳͬǺټʹġϵܣÿʱߣƣʾ⿴ߡ
ֱ벻ʱͻϵضԷ˵̫ܲǿ󣬱Ȳˡ

ʹƣ˵㣬ЩܱƽΪСͬʹܺһµĸܣǿ̸ߵܵľҲ˸ŵȣҲ̫ã̫ˡ

ͺܺ
Ŀн£е࣬Ǹ˵Լð

֮ʱ˭·ͻῴһСС׻ıΪ̫СʪˮܿͻҪǾ쵽˵Ŀ⣬Ἣ䲻˼ذգ˿

һȥҲͲΪʲôʹԼˡ

ڿ˰/ʮֵߣиִѣţڱԼ˾׼ĽͣԼʮִĲ̫

ͱ˿Ҳĵġ

ٺͬУ˵ĹϵһֱܺáʶģҲԸʧȥЦ⡣

ĩٺĵڶʮ졣

ʳڵĽͬ飬һ죬ӭλͬеʳõѧǡ
¥˶ʮľˣ¥ʣҴߵĴ

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24.   24    ĩʮһ죺лл롭

Ĩǰĺ, ñסսֱϵ˿ڣվھ/ԽҰԣңңѱֲסĳС

߲סãǼߵƵLED绵ʽĻ, ѩƬƬ, ۿȥ, ǿֲƬĿˡ·ԵıֲǴ, нˮ·ƻøߴ, ҶƬϸĴ̣޴ɡڸ߿չ⡣

, Ӱء

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š

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վԮ, Ծľʼ

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25.   25    ĩʮ죺㷹ԡ

ĩ, شѧҴǼתƵȫص㣬ķʱ䡣
ų޷ߡͻ״ûʱǰۼصҴߣڽͷһҴ˳ת֮缰˻شѧУͣ˹ʱ䡣

ʱ, ǲԮشѧҴʦǵľʹ̽ǵרҵ豸, ԽϿ졢ķʽʣҴߵѰ

ϤУ԰Ҵ, , Ը飬ԮԱ



缰شѧžԮԱͳ﹤֮, Ѿ˳˳Ŵʱİȫص㡣

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缰ܻزһ䣬ȻĬѴˣ˵ȷʵܺóԡ

Ӣÿƣһֱŷ룬˵һֳţ̽˵һ䣺ס189𣿡



֥ĬĬ룬缰ô˵ʲôϻ
·ղûԹǡװޡƤƵġ

ȻҲ֥һԻ󣬲ƽ⣬Ӳֱʳڣû
˵ͷǵģҺס

Ҫ塣

ıƽ޲סָǽ˽еı͵͵䣬˷

˵ʱ䲻ˣҲҪȥ˯ˡ

ĵ˿

ָһġ

ݰݡ

Цغǻ˵ټȻĳЩʧ䡢ȻĿ£ؽB189




26.   26    ĩʮ죺ָġ

ĩٺĵʮ, ŵ㣬شѧҴǼѪܼ⡣

ȫŶӿټ࣬ҴɵźŽС

һԲѪѪ, ɫѪ롣缰ʦڸһӵĶ, ѯҴǷ͡

ǰҽҲʶ, Ƥ, һ䣺ϵʦ𣿡

缰ףѾϵˣʦǰӳȥʡ˶, ƽѾ͵ؾԮϵϡ

ҽѧ꣬缰ڴľͱиҽѧԺԺʿʦ, ˵е츳Ŭټ缰⣬У԰ǲСˣҵصѧѧҲ˽⡣

Ǿͺãҽסڣƣӣ²ʹʾһλǰ, ѪϢСʱȥʦѪɡ

š缰ʹӦ

Ϣķ, һۿȥ, , кüٺˡ

ͳƣشѧҴʦΪʱУִ˿ڵİٷ֮ʮˣһ, ǰٷ֮ʮ

ߵĴʣʱȫڵ׳˲١

缰ֳ˵ĿǰõϢҴǵľԮһֱֲٳٵòַӡ

صһˣø׳ǵĶȥѰˣЧʶϲ١ʮضδһʱմشѧȫתƵʱصҴǣƣڼݲ԰ס

ҪһգԽΪòа

缰ĲɵڣϢļλʿʦʦͱҽԺҴҽȥæĿһɨܿڳĶǰؽӵһҽеΪŶӵҴǳѪ

ĳѪǰסABCDʮĸ˳źŵġ

BҴCѾѪϣϢϢСʱ

ϢԷˮһԱȣпĳϣɢɢ˲ˡвû£վǽ촽ţ
缰ע⵽ȺУһ۾Ϳˡ

ڳϣһԱˮǰƣմʪڵĽë
֥ӨӨ

缰ĽŲŻֱֱ˷ϣ㿪ʼĽĵڴ˿ͷûܡ

ձܵҴУûܵˣ۲Ĵڡ

缰֥üײ˷һ£ԻһƳȻ֥˳ͳֻ֪ʲô
һ룬չЦˡ

ЦޣëŨڣɫӣۣȻȥεá

缰뼰֥˵ĳΧĪض˼˵Ŀ⡣

ǰĿֱߵǰ

룬缰һƬ̣ô
仰˵Ī֥ӨӨûᵽ仰صġ

ֻжԵʳõǼϢʱ¡ܡ״ĵ˷룬仰ĺ塣

͸ܵĽë˳Ѫ

ԼҲ֪һп֮ĳѪ

֥Ժ˴ð죬üͷһ䣺ڵĳѪ𣿡

û̻ش𣬵ԱߵӨӨ˵ҲͦĵģܾԼ̫ˣоûƨáƵţݣܸɵɶ

缰һҲڡľϵԪܡ
ȻΪĩĵ缰ż츳ʱδֱ춯ھ˶ܵãľϵʱﶼһָǿ

֣ðһɫ

֥ӨӨûע⵽Ľ缰ɫԡѿṴסϥϵָ⣬ʶض˶֣缰״°㣬òسЩ˽Ҫ̸һ̸

ĬĬָһۣеרעʹصͷãҸط˵

֥ӨӨʾ⣬ಽظ缰ߵΪտǽߡ

ʱȫأɫˮ࣬ԼаףҵյƳϵط⡣

صĵܴǿĿǰǼڲ׵ϵʹõķṩ

ĵƹ£缰һ˲Ŀ

յϢǣĿǰԮҴǶܣ缰һ̣ʢ׽͸⣬Σˣ׶

֪ЩϢ

ĩУĩǰյڵտʼܡ

Ļܾѵʹ尾˳£ӵдǰδӵе
ƫƫûС

ԭеġ롻ж⣬һܶδϣ

ǡ롻ڻҵԭ
ﾺ档

ûܾܵȻȻرʷС

õģĴڡ

üǳʵǳһţ缰ûд쳤̽Ҫ

֪

Цʱӵʲô˫䱦

ȴɣҲ̫ġҲΪʲôûкһܡ˵̹Ȼ󷽣һĨɫ㲻ӰǴδйǰ㣬ξ峺

֪ԼҪأӲѪ飬Ҳûжܵ˼е㵭룺롻⣬Ѳܣ˵ܸѧṩӡ

ָ֮ǡè
㽫ϵѣҲܿŹúõػȥ

еͷһŲ֪缰Ҳ벻ǰƯŮôԼʣȡɿᡣ

ȥǷԼΨһҪ
ڻȥ뻷ʱȫأɡȻԱšɫҽԱҴǣϺˣӶơ

Ϊ֪йңѹҴͷĽȻɢȥ롣

µģʧȥ׵İʹľұ䶯һУҪʱ޸

Щ£ؿ˹Ŀɿԡԡ
ڻ᲻èַʵ飬ΪʵƷ

ӲԻͷ⻹ûз¡

뻵ڻûǰδ֪
ҪǣûĿ֡

ȻֱѾذҡȵҴǴʱȫصʱ̣ԸٸԼƽ

СС˴ǣͷ˳Ƶָ缰ѿЦ˵Ҳοҡ

缰ĬĬһеŵջһͼҡšϷ

ձ΢վǰʮֵľ룬࣬ܿں㷢һܿɰĺᡣķҴڼͷձ鷢һƣ񾲶Ư

ԳעձߵһС鷢

ڷɢ˼άһ˲뵽ࡣ

ĩǰڽŵʱȷϵĵһ׼

ܵʣоֵǿĵڶ׼

δʱȫʱû̫ͻ½˵Ĺֹע޷Ԥϵͻ¼缰ȻǱżٶӰͷû֮ܵ

ʱȫأȥйѡƭ֮ӡ

ϣֵĳѪźŲֱͬʱ֣Ҫţ˲һҲҪġ

кҡ桢רעסֵȳȣ¶á
忡Цţ۾Ƭ˫У޵ᶨ

ǣΪʣĻѹʵʵƷһУ뿪һ

룬üͷչƲ˼СʱǰĻ両֣רӦǰˡǰ¡

ˣʲô𣿡
ûеĻҾͺ֥֥ӨӨȻȥˣ

ѪѾ˰СʱϢʱ䡣

Ľ̸ǰмӣֱ̧۾һҪˡ

ϲʱʳôķˣڡ磬ζ㶥⣬ڵ£Ҳ㹻ģ

缰ͷһΣҪ뿪̸ҪֹĹͷ
֣űָ۵ļգһƵ鷢

һ˲㵣ȵָӡ㣬ڷձ˲׺ԵĴڸС

ȵ˺ĬĬ̧סա

缰µأЦӢ䵭У԰ֻǰ¶еЦ⣺ֻǣ˳ְһ¡




27.   27    ĩʮ죺ġ

, ʱȫء

ͷܲԱӣƤסƻͨ
ƣش߻ȵˮرϴ˰, B189ȥ

Ƥ, ƹĿṩ˵ıݽ, ᱡ, ڶʱˮߵڶࡣ
ĩٺסѵá

ĩǰ, ¶ḣƶȵİ˳ضŸ߿߷֣еĸ֧, شѧ
˵˸ܵԹο

峿뿪ʱȫأܰžԮ䶳ͻϮı춯ڶ˵Խܣӵнڽ󣬸һƿȪˮˬЦſ佱ܱҺЩǵĻǿ, ܰϲæ

嵭ЦšƿǺ˼ˮڹӻػʱ, Ǽǽȡ½Ļϵʱ, нϻСǡ
ǼǵŮԱ֮Ȼؿһ, нһӣ

нףӡ

ͨĲǰӵ߾ǽһѡ¶ΪŪü, ޷

ĩٺܣͨӦս
ϵܣУɱΪϡڶסϮĶ

ɱǿ

ȻнЭԮǿߣߡ

ԮУı춯˫ۣ֮βĶ鼯١ڳ;УһֻӺɽĺӣסúʱﴹֱڵ棬춯ʬֱԼԼԽп˸˸ʯ顣

Ϊʱȣûü࿴ۣһ·ƽֱǰƽֱҲûлʼ䡣

B189Ʋȥҵͷûߵſڣ֥ӨӨ˽

أ

ղűʦˣ˵

һ뻮һس壬
ղŻڿʱ䣬˵㻹ûء

ϸ˺ǳľȣеִٵӣǸȻ˵ҵóæ

֪֥ˬص˵ͷ뱻ʦˣȻһܸˡ

ĩٺĵʮ졣

ǰشѧҴǽһѪ豸ơ࣬ԤƵõһܲʽ

ڻϼߵİ£ȺҴǱһʺǵĹ

˵ܶǿıʽ

ԣȴһЩ౻ԴȱĵطǾӶ໹ǰĩǰóרҵѧƣʱصĽשߡ

רҵĴ֣Ƶʦڵ񲢲̫ࡣ
ǻǾౡܼ֮¡

ڴ֮¶ְҵȱڣڲóϤιˣڲϵϰУҲշ

ȻҵʺĽɫϵܣǿҴߣΣԣڵõػϵڵķֵʱĸߡ

࣬ŻϵǿͦߣҲǳžԮһ
ʱǻڻſòǱ˴˼к

ص189ƤϵżҡΣʱҶСøɸɾֻʮķڷڴͷλá

ſһᣬϢӣ׼

BC05ķţŵһλʦ⣬ϷЦ⣺

ʦͷȥ㲥ˣӦʦƼȥɵ¡

һ¡

ҶǵʱУڹ㲥ʦʺ

ʦָ·ķڿĻڣܿҵ˷˿ڵĵص㡣

شѧ̷ѧʦͣһصĻɫףĵǰ˵վߣ࣬Ϸֱʱͷɿɰţָֻ֣ͷưƣеӣɰ˵

忴Сʵ̲סЦ

ز˲׽Ĵڣ۾һ

Ȼ곤ǵУʾ⣬ȻЦˡȻһ£ʾԼ

͵ͳŵкŶԷӺܴǰ˲æ
ǿ߼ǿҲܲ
ϢѾˡ

ǵרҵģ˵ͷ˿ڷרҵɵĿǣֻºʵһΪ⺢ѧġ

ɷµصͷȷʵҲǲרҵĺӡ

ĬĬ±ӣλ곤ŮעĿҪһθӣǶԹ㲥Ҫ󲻸ߣҪ׼ȷ󡣡

ֻҪȹֵĸ㲥곤۽ǳǳ·µĺۼЦ£ҹˣϸ񡣡

شϢ㲥Ůˣڻس֮ʱҹͬĲԱ
ƲȥڲϢʱͬܣ䵱ĺѡˡ
ҲһλѼȫҴˣѧרҵԺǿڹ㲥йִԼ
ӱǳʺϲѡ
󣬸˽ԹΣ㲻ٰ๤

ԭܼ򵥣ΣڵĩУԽ˵˾Խڲб¶һȡǡҡ
λ߶˵ԼҲʧȥ˵Ҵ˽⵽λԱǿҶԱȵ˲£ʧ䡢ҡ

ԱڻڵĹϢǹģʱеġˡǰ㡣
ŮֶȱʱһֱֻײᣬҪȫͶ롪˵ʱҲܼѣΪ˱֤ġ˵õò㲥Ϣ
Ҳĩʱʹʧȥһ˫Ůĸס

Ҫпɿ˷ֵĹ

á

ӹһݽմõϢҴҵɨֵĸ壬һϰߡƽ˵ʽϢһֲ©³

ǻع㲥̨̳ȳλҴߣֱ֤źλΪXXXXÿոУкϢҲлϢ

ֽҳָ΢΢ƽؼȥλڽСĲסլϢǼڼվԮʱվڡ

ʱҲ˵ûбҪ

ĿǰԣǲԸԾɻŵҴǶһ֪ʹУϢڶͲڵʵ

ĩ٣ӰΡ
һˣƱʹϳɳ

Ůȴˮ㻬ɫ糯زĸ壬л³һ󴺷Ķңϣ

Ů
һء

ӣܸ˽һ

ЦļͷʾϿǰ
ԹԵ֡

Ȼ곤§һǳǳ̾Ϣ߻

Ůһ󡣡

=
ĩٺĵʮ죬糿˵롣

ʱؽɺûãڸװ˵Ĺ㲥豸һöŮ

ʮʮһգʱϰ˵롣
شѧķ룬ЭʦлڲϢ㲥񡭡

㣬յԻʢоԮĵϢʢеĸ·ֲĿǰ޷ͨ

ѵ跢Ϣʱ䲻Ϥ
ڵԱ߽ҪһͬӵľԮԱ䣬ޣͦϲ

صѧɣСϣʶ

𡭡и綶˶̻ңЦ֮ǰļүǲҪöˡ

ֻĻѯʸĸĿǰΣǷͨеϢĬϨֻѾʮϤϴЦ

ǣصѧ

˶٣ЦݲãϣǲеУ԰Ů񡣡
Цţȣǹ㲥豸㱵ظһ䣺Ưᡣ




28.   28    ĩʮ죺ھӡ

½Ļϵ, ÿղڲԮѰʵȵΪĿ

׳ڻϵʽ󣬿ʼԻ顢ŶΪλЭͬ÷֡

Ϊϵ, ܱʽΪǿ, Ԯʱṩ˲һ, ڹ̶еͻ, ͬ

ԵҲʱڶ̶գʶ˲ˡ

ǼǻֵĹԱʱ, ̲סȤļ䡣

ĩٺĵʮ졣ʱڹڻϵĹƶʽ̨ע⵽ۻֺ, ûֻס˿ڸٵķݡ

е˼䡢˼䡢˼ȵȡ

Ѿ˹̳ļ˹̶飬׼ܱߵ뷶ΧԱע⵽Ĺע㣬Ц˵еסլһ䣬֮ҴԽԽ, Ӧûסȱ⡣

أδӦû»ֳס˫ˡ˼ȵ, ڼҶָܻɻԱ

ѿԱϻ˹, Ļ, û½ϵͳ

Ϣȷ
һ֧ͷԮʱҴ߸м̡ѱ˲, ʱڣ̾ѳݳƷĴڣ˽ͨġӲ
Աܳؽ˹ȥϧذһԡ

Ҫסǲǵõһ󣿡

үѣܳԿ͡Ҫȵ¸ԽסҲǼԸ໻ĻȥԼĿǰס

˼Ƥеִ١

ɣԱǼϢ˽ڲⲿ£ټ⼸²ԱΣڻڹ㲥֪ͨ˲Ϣĥ£˵㲥ͷС˵Ը빤̶ӵϵߵĿڵǼǡ

ϵߵļ룬Ӧû㡣

ŶˣԱ뵽ʲô㣬ϼ׼ֹתƶȣ͸֮ǰĻͨ࣬Ҳ˽½ͨ

лˡ
ЦųԱʾ⡣ʱߵ㣬пտգߵʳôڴ극׼Ͳ͡

һӵļϴ翴ߡѱӦˣȴһ̿˲ԶһŲϣϤӰ

ĿͣʶһĨЦ⣬Ǳߵϴǰ֣ԻãȻĿ£ߵߡ

á

ʵɫ͸ڵĲϲá̧ͿЦغǴк

ϵ·֮ǰû̫𣬿ʽͦþ£æµڳԮõ

岻ɫۣ뷽˵Ĳ۳Żпλ
õз򶨵سʾ⡣

𣿡

һͷܾܾܲܳˣ᲻Ƣ̫

뿴һۣע⵽ԶҲһѵˡֱͦӵʣ㲻һ𣿡
ʵĿǣﾳУһҲƫƫΪɫγҲκθ

ѣҺҲѡüչдЦ⣬ֲڡ㡱ֺ΢һ١

仰µ÷벻֪˵ʲôźáգգۣĬĬع˼գСһ

ۿΧ˵עҪϣ岻ٺȥԣ˵ͷɡ

ĿĴɣѲ̷ϣ˫Ӻף˹ؿʼԡ

λǷĶ档

侲ؿһۣĬĬչԵŮѡ

Ҫ𣿡
øɾĿָָǰһѼ

ҡҡͷضЦ˵԰ɣҸղųԹˡ
ãʣµļѼԼС

Դӻؽ˻ϵʳڳͷѷŵʳ⣬пûֹĲȡջͨ۶ԣĻͨʽʱҴ߻ԣйִ

ΣԸߣÿ춼³Ļ֡
֣ͱʳôҪһʳ

ΡԱչµĻԶԵǰĲȡһʳòԷµõϼܳϡ

ǰŮ֮ĶԻ̫벻ȥ

٣ģ˵Ҫ½һƬס

һ£ȻûеõϢ

ǸˣʱͨϢ˽⣬һãȻ˵ԮҴԽԽˣסӵΪû֤ͨڲԱԣϼ½סΪ˫˼䡣

֮ԿŻס

˵϶ע⵽ϵıе΢

һתѴ֮Ͳ³ʱ˿̵ͷ

˵ʩٶģѵʹüۣҨһȵڣ̧Цɣ̬ϣ룬㵽ʱ㻻¾𣿡

һ̡

ҵĻҲŮָͷ̵ҵĹ㣬һϰ죬͸ʦְĩһ졭һʮ֣

ڻڲԱֻȡҲĿǰжȱĸְλΪûΣԣҲʲôϵѣۻбûôơ

һ塢ִ񣬵õĻֲġ
Ҳпԭÿճ񣬶Σգ͸ñڻڰȶյҴǶһЩ

е㾪ȣӢÿϣЦ׼˵ʲôһ룬ķԡ
Ž˿۾忡һ룬˵һŬ׬ֵġ



̾Ϣ룺õʱ

뿴Ѥ̲סЦȻɵһ

ǣѾԡ
Ʋ֮ǰ˵ġк֣ܶδԽ㡱ȻѶԻѹϣȥ˱ҲûдҪ

ɫضԷ⵽ʱҪѡһƬס𣿡

ھӡ

ڷûע⵽ĵ£Į

ѺϾЦɣƢܺõسǰ£ϸͣϾѣҪסڸġ

ܾ彫Ҫƿڶһ䣺˭Ը㻥ģ

Ϊάסڷǰˡ

ֱۣܾʮ˺ܶࡣŶѵĻδشʱҧ㣬

л֪ġ




29.   29    ĩʮ죺ܽ

ĩٺĵʮ졣
B189, ߵ㣬Сû֪Ƿˡ
´Ҷ˸, һСѩ׵Ŷ¶, , ĬĬƲһ, Ůѵ峺شС

컹ҪȥԮ𣿡

оԮҴǴӻس, ܷ߰ɢԮ
˿ڵǼڲᣬԾɻŵ൱Ĳ֯ģĶ, ȡԮӵĵṩҴǵİеǼϢѰҼˡ͵ʱصѡ

ѡУһ˲ԸԼϤĻѡ¡

˿ִĳṩһʳƷЩԸ뿪лǿЩʳάϵ
ټֽͨˮʲǲԳˮϵߡġˮǿʳõ, иˮϵͳЩ˵ֻҪһλˮϵ, ܱ֤ճˮϴԡ

Ԯδǿ, ֻЩҴڽıͷʱ, ͨѶϵ豸

ڵʱغʱڵس׬, ĸ˻˻ϣԶͬˡʳѼ׬˸ǿĿ꣬ͼڶʱܹ˫˷Ļ֡

룬ʵϢһ죬𣿡

Ա֮ʱŮ˸Ԫü˺Ź滮Ĺճ̱
ýǷĩϢա

ҲǣѪҪʱ̡

˵ͷĺڷڼͷҾ绨һߺ˵һ÷ɵ˸β

ǵģϢһ죬ʦ

ؽͬǲδ֮ĶԻ

ϢաĸԼŸ٣ҲȹѰĽ졣

첻ȥˡ

۾ˣĵϲãЦеصͷޡ

ŵʰộƿƤšϴȥʳþͲͣжҲţ̿ȣ˸ϲԵʳ
ʱĥϰ˵ࡣ

ĻԱǱԼĸλϣ곤ߡˡͯע⵽и׵ϵСѣ豧ڻص糧ķȥ

ע⵽ߣ˳ȥ

С޷׼ƿܣ׽ļߣԹпܵĸ˵ĵϽؾָͷǳɫĵâ˸ħСŮ

ЦӯͫǸСǻСˣ׵رǿһṩ㹻ӦڰСʱĺܡ

δΪ޷׼ܣ磬ڶܽлоרҵʿĽ£ܶຢӵĸĸǶźȥṩĳءйͬʱؽ辡

׵ϵΪһߣڸ涼˲š

شѧʳõλ׵ϵ꣬Ҳʱձ˻ڵ糧ְλÿչֿɹۡ

еĳޡ뵭ۡ

ָƽ˵̫ġ

δᵽյܼһۿеĽǽţסȽ˵㣬˵ģãһһֱߡ

ؿð죬һ䣬Ц˵лл㡣

=

ѪܽϢ˽ˣڳѪĵ죬ͳһ¼ڻҳϵͳС
¼ҳ֤ͨԼʶѯɵá

ڲ˸Ԫü֪ͨ£ңʱڵҴǲԼͬͳֻһԼܽ

ʵϣÿ˶ԼĿǰӵе˽⡣

ڽʱغûãʱصҪеľԮĸϣͨӵļֶΣȫнĿԱ߿ᡣʱ䣬ͨȫĿǰõ֣յó˹ܵĴ·ࡣ

ĩУľˮϵԪܣܵĻ࣬˵չ硰ˮϵܡСϵܡͳһڡԪˮķڡ

ܣԪܵĻϽзѡԳһԿԪع󣬱ԱͳΪܡ

һҴʦУһߣ׵ϵ꣬ϵʦ壬ǵܽൽԪͬһġܡС

ܣ죬Ʒ˴ǰ֪ʶ
˶ݵʱڣԱ޷׼ȷжܣڶԾѺ˽̶ȡ豸ª̶ȣܼ豸ҲʱֻܲԪء֮Ĺ

ڲѯʱܡȡԪܡ˽⵽ϢҪ١

ʦļУмһУ
ܡʱ

±߻ϸСһ:
[ܰʾԼܱʽ˽⣬ӭдݣԱδԱо]

ҪóѪܣõϸµܷ࣬»Ҫδ豸׼



Ҷڻع㲥֪ͨʱӡˢСе֪ĿǰҿԱܷΪԪܡصҴǲզ࣬缰ĩٺ󲻾̨㲥֪ͨҵ޼

ܻ֪ʶռ£ͷԼеס

ֻзûС
Լûܡĩȷɵ˵ˡ롻˻Ԫ֮һ賤ֲ͵ڽԾȡ
ûС
ղڴѿ

Χ˵Ľ̸Уձ鷢쵽ȵָ£аȻ󣬿ʼѯ

ָ㶯ҳϢֻʶҳ塪

ҳˢ£׵׺֡
ͫ΢΢һãȻصɴ۾ֻĻת壬ૣҡ𣿡

ĿֻĻϵܷϡ

ܡʱ

סпϲΪΪδܾܡΣաǸڰġʵƷĶĵĿ֡
еЦŨסָ⣬£ס
ԷɻйȻҲв⣬ʲôȲϴ˿̵ûϲ

Ҳ֪Ц˵԰忡ϣ˫ڱƬţԽĶͷһƴ࣬컣˵Ǻǡ

˵ֻǺܸˡ

㶵ر¶ͷǱ˱סŵСèؿ

ֻϥ䣬µأġ

ŨڡϸܵĽëСȰ㶯ţ񼡢塣

廹δӾϲлһʱûüظֻذϥֻһһ飬ˢһҳ棬ȷϢ׼ȷġ

֮ؽֻ

ס½ǣǹĶͷŵ¶ȡ䣬Ǹǣеزڼ令ʿĸһǡ

ܰӣҲᡣ

ţѵЦˣĵʣôˣ

˵ʲôû˵
ֻ½ǣһ£Ц

Ҳܸˡ

ѹͷϣʮǣһȻʧ١
㷽ܡĽԾɴɣǹǲ豸̫ڼ˴

ǺܸˣôҲǺʹһܵġˡˡ
ڡܡʲôġպ᲻׷ʣ뵽ĩеľ飺ھѺ󣬻죬ǰеľȫȻϣڰ֮ڣ޷ܻ֮

ָʵָ˻֮Σķĩǳʮʱ⡣

һһ̣߸˵˫סصһڡ


ԭأǱ׻еС±Ƶ

۵һڣϲ㣡

ڶ˵ϲ塣

۽޲غ𵭺죬ð죬͵˵Ҳǡ




30.   30    ĩʮһ죺δ䡭

ʱء
һ, 缰ûüϢƬ̣յֳ˵Ϣƽֵܸǿֻ˴ˣǰ缰ˡľϵߡܹĻˡ

ҴҸסרҵԮԱͨҴǲסͬһס
ļսסͬһƤ, ְҵ, ڵĲͨҴסвֲ졣
缰, ŵǸϤľӼԱ, ʾ⣺ڵ㡣

̧ݣĿɨԱͬסƬס, ڲͳһǽĲλ޸䣬̰ͨ, Ŵƽţߴžװüű缰ǰ

ˣҳ˹ļͷܿ˵ֱֻۣλøѧҽ缰
缰һԲӹ˵Ļ, רҵֳַ˵ֱ۰ҽ÷ϡ

ֱ̽ɿŵüͷ, ֳô£

, شûʲô, ֻǳʱ춯Ϯˡ

ڵսǿʼ䣺񣬲ű춯ﻮ˸ӡҿ̫ƣˣûϢ, 񡣡
ҽæŶӵҽ˵ǵͺá

ûȺæڵܵǰ²̫ڡвҪƵսǡ
˶첲ƽض缰˵һ䣺ҲֻǿֻûĶ

Աüۻ˰ɣڴҶ֪ȫֲ죬û⡪

ܿصǿֻ۾Ǻģͱ춯ȫͬ

缰Ĭ˽ֳԸû˿϶

ûбĶǷʵڣ

ɻػصס

صC05Ƥڵѳ˸к

ʱ䵽ˣ˳Ѫ𣿡
ѽû񡪡ͻһųѪ豸Ľʲôġ
Ĭʱ䣬ڻڿͨվʼѯԼܼϢ

缰ʱ䣬պࡣ

ѾԼܼϡؿ꣬Цˣֻǻϵܣ豸оޡ

缰˽豸֪ʶæµŻֲʳصҲδ˼ʡ
ٵز鵽Լļ
ѳĽ࣬һϵһľϵֻлԪط࣬ûиϸµݡ
ĩٵڣʮ졣ԱѾ˼оĲ豸ɺܶ࣬ȷֻܸԪܵĴ·ࡪϵеһϵ

ԼĽ΢뵽ûܵķ롣

һ˲飬ûдɫüͷЦʣôĽ׼

ǡ

缰صҳԥ̣ҵͨѶ¼еķ룬һϢ

ϢٳδлӦ

ĿҲԶؿע롱ϵ˷˸Ϣϡƽͨʺ

𣿡

һʱ䣬Ѳɣ׷ͼǽԿ˸

Ϊһĵ׷ߣԷͼԡ٣˶ܿó
ѵ˵塢缰Բ³ԷĽֻǰڲԸ÷뿴Ǳ˴˼伵ʶ֮һֱάŽΪƽľ档

һ
ʳһļӣ缰յԷ뷢һܼͼ

ԼһԵĻʱġ
òǳƮЦ죬̷ֱиǵ

缰侲ص㿪Žͼѱֱۿûǰ̽˼
ȻƬеϢĴ缰ʱĬþδ𸴡

ѣذɣԼԷء



缰ظ˼֣ܿ죬յԼʱĴ𸴡

ѿĪ⣬ð춼û˵ʲôͷ뷽롢˼Ĺϵ˵ͷ

ܾã֮ʲôĬ΢ܣԿ̽

=
ĩٺĵʮһ졣

Ԫüݰһ죬㲥ʱڸ֪ͨϢ
ͣƽͣ͸ŵͺеȶ

ơģڵеĳ

Ԫü÷ţ귽һ䣬ɿ̧ƳһſڣЦ˲ţӯӯǣɲͣδ©ִʣֱ֪ͨе㲥ء

ʦ첻Ϣ𣿡Цʡ

Ԫüϲ⺢ӵЦ̣شպϼ쵼ҷ˸ҪϢǿ̻Ҫ֪ͨڲҾʹϢˡ

ؿ߽칫ңһϢǰ

̶̼̣һĿʮУ׽еĹؼҪ

춯ͣûбĶ

ŮԪüľȣʵϣڽǰʹ󲿷һšȫ족жֲﶼûͷ
ಢ

ĩǰ׷ɵãȫӵǧԼδ෢ࡣĩԺ󣬳Сﳣĳ죬ʧȥǵĶǰ޴Ϊ޿ʳ

ֱĩٺĵ죬ܣ춯ƥеֵ

شѧҴʦУ԰ڼĶһȫǱģſɲĺͫҺļʹ󣬷·㣬ĩǰȫͬ

Ԫü˵ϵϢƽ˵ǻĳٷ˳δĶ̬ϿĩǰͨȮû̫𡣡

еľԮģյϢҲڳֻǣ٣Ҳܴˡ

Ŭĩеľ顣
ĩУƪǡĩ١ᵽˡȫ족綯ֲı죬Ҳеܾѡ

춯ֲ˼Σԡ
ཨ裬Ϊȫͨ·ֲƻóף谭ཻͨҪ;ᡰ춯ɱ࣬˿ڴ½֡

õ˸ǿҲʧȥ˹ǡ



ĩУʱʮ꣬зƱ춯ֲҩע󣬿ñ춯ָԭǣñֲﲻƻʹָĶֲƽദг԰

ļǿܼĩеĺܶϸڣڷȥ˿ĻУҵĩйзҩġֻƬ
Ϊλɫд̫зʵϸԵ׸ࡣ
ԭУֻһ䣺[Ŷڱ֤ʵ鶯ﰲȫԵǰ£ʵ鶯ϣȡоֵĿ塭]

Ŀͣһ룬˰/ŲʮĲ²⡣
ʵ鶯ҲǰᵽġδĶ

ţסˡ
ѵûһξ飬ȥе㲻Ծ

ԭеʱѾԸŶӣϤĵʦ߹ͬо춯ֲġ족ԭ򡭡
ڣòƣ౼ֵܻĵ·ϣ

Ĭ±ƣֱԪüỽһãȻ˵

곤ŮЦ̵ֿͦıǣʲôأô񣿡

ϼ˵Ϣֲɣ֪ͨһ»Աǡ

ԱǣҪпදմͼлֽ

Gˣ룬ǲҲҲĶʱע¡

ԪüĶϡ

ĩٺĵʮһ졣ͷ糾ͣڼǰҪԼʰøɾһЩ
һˮϵ߻ЦҲǱϵܣûִˮϴҪҿ϶ʱʱ͵ϴϴģԼն޵øɸɾ

屻ѺϷʣû˵ʲôֻǸɰͰ͵ϰߡԼϲɸɾġ

ˮرߣϴҺϴ˫֣ˮϴ
ֻڶһյŮѵϢ
㿪һһ°㣡

ʱǰʱ֣ʮ֡

ЦŻظ˸á
ʮӺ󣬻ڹ㲥ŮϤŽѾϢ

XСYеȾԮṩϢԼлĳλṩĿɿϢδĶòĩǰһޡרҵ̽Ѱʱδ춯Ĵڣ뼰ʱͼ֤ЧƬɶһ֡

ţššüͷ

ֻڿŶѾʼļ֣ҪרҵŴѧﻯѧѧѧ
λУĴѧרҵ

Ĭͷ򿪼ʱصվȻվҳļϢ

עĵ㣬ж

ÿۻ֡

һ£Ŷڵĵ÷ԶԮʱõġ
ǣİõֻǷҪŶӵ¡

ܿ죬°ĵ㣬Լõʳλ档
ƯɰŮسЦǸǣԼԼ缰ͨ˿ڹ֮ؽʳڵͬѧɻʱǶһµ˵

ʱ缰侲飬ֱ˵ܱȽ⣬ҲȽСעĿˡ

ͷβǻԣڣ豸Ľԡáʵ֡

٣ȷʵܣֻ˭Ҳ֪ʲôѡ

缰飬Ƕͬˡ
ʳԼʱأģָ

缰һֲֻܳĬš



䵽ΪֹЦſ룬칤ôģ۲ۣ

ƲȥûܡһǣϵЦԱ֮ǰĶˡ
Ůѣȴ֣ⷢЦ֮࣬еã

³Է϶졣
̽һ䣺㿴רҵԱϢ𣿡

룬ܸûعߣʼŶзĹ˰ɣ

ûϵǣԥ˵ҿˡ

㱨𣿡

û̫̹࣬ȻûС

룺㯵ؿһ䣺Ϊʲôأ

ûĲԣֻ˵ĻֲҾãĿǰ˵ʺҡ

Ц˫ε۾ƬĻȣʵǰӾͿǹ֮ҪҪҵˡ

о
ΡΡƽֱȶ˵һ仰ΪרҵоҵǮҲ࣬ҵʱǴ翼רҵ

û˵Ļǣں̸ǮԽΪеĿꡣ
Ϊ֮Ŭϣܹøá

ɵҧסӣʣԣ㵱ʱˢ⣬ˢרҵİ

Ļش𵭶ޱȣһҲʲô֮⣬˵ţϾҪصокܼ򵥣ֻҪ뱣УѧԺضҵġ

ϾǿǸѧϰˣ

ЦеأøɾĿӸһ촰ڸϵСŹǡ
ľګصͷǷð죬аQAQǲǰѵľ߸ѽ




31.   31    ĩʮ죺

ʱصĴ, ԿԱĿԭıֲﱻϵûգֱΪҽڵµľ޴ھİ£ѿڵ, ֶȱ, ʱû, ֻܽ, ǵܻ᲻Щªƽĵ档

ĩٺĵʮ죬͹̶ǳԮ񡪡̫, ԻΪĵⷢɢǲڶʱѱС

ڴǰһγ㹻, ΧҪʮСʱ
ڣҴûع̶ʲԽҰڱ߿·߾ԮĹУѵءؽͨߡչҳ֦Ҷ谭ͨıֲ

ѵĻϵ·ṩ˲

㣬ԽҰ, ͬ׹һƿȪˮЦŵл
ɿƿǣ, ڵغˮѵõϢʱ, ڶͬǽ, ġ־¡

պã£ڴϡ
λڵĵصڼƫѧ, ΧżгСѧУĩǰķ۾Ӹ߲

˵ǰһ⸽δĶҲ֪Ǽ١

δ춯Ƭĵ𣿡˺׷ʡ

ϣҾ֪ĵδ춯һƬּܵγĻ֣Ҫĵͦ㡭

һȹ˴ƿˮͬǵĽʱ䡪նϰߣӦûжʮӵϢʱһ˼⣬Ŷľٴʾ⣬ԷȥȥɣϢȥʮӺءҪֵҲϽΧҼǵиš

ûнֵ/ֻѵúΧĵ·ֱ֮ǰľԮ˴룬ǰСʱͽ·ϴ󲿷谭ͨеֲ

ΧҲûʲô춯ټ
˫ֲ嶵·ԵһСͳȥ׼ûʲôԴػصʡ

ԽҰλõиԼ׵·̡ǿȣηΧܻͻȻֵı춯

СͳеŽţһҳвδбǿвƵĺۼһ˼ضͬǷҪҳе״

δ뿪̶˲䣬ź΢

һȮͣͯ

ѹǺëŵضԣ̽£ʣʣ𣿡

=

ʱأĩٺĵʮ졣

һӴһʮŮͯһֻʮĵȮ

յϢԱˡ
ǰڡޱĶϢ̫٣ṩϢУԳƼˡͫǺɫĶȷһϼ¼鱨еľԮ磬ֻȷдŽ鱨֮ڡ

ǲ̫ϣ鱨ڣδһĵƬ
鱨Ʋ⣬ЩûбĶ̶ѰöأڱټºڶʱڻѰ

ˣһӴޱ֢״ĵȮػһʵ˴һ



ڵĵֻ֮ȮѵóǸСŮ֣ͯǶŵһֲֻͷȺСѷգһֱˡ

Ůͯɫ԰ף峤Լа׵ĵȮߣߺߣʹ಻
ȮŰسβͺ󣬱ҡñĬĬΧͼǰ۲ˣź֮䣬¶ɭѩ׵Ĺâ

Ψһ׽ģҲֻڳ̽޷ƿţȳŮͯѡ

ҽ񴦵ҽʱöǹŮͯ£ֵ󣬵˵˾䡰á
еˣʮŶȶ࣬ŮҽüȽ£ȥҩȥ͵ùˮˡ

ѱŮͯҽİ£ιҩ

ΪȷŮͯʱжãûͬĴ˸֪յľҽԥ̣ʾҪѪѪ档

ֻٴһĩѪŮָͯⱻţҽһ£ѪҺ߳ʱ䣬ֻȮվ겻ſС˵Ѫζƻ䶯ʽвأؿҽ

ڳ˶ܿ϶ǰֻȮǷһ̣ˡ

ѿЦһ˲˲ܵԵȮĶ⡪˵ִ֫ٺȾϱ䣬³һΪ⼤ŭȮɿ֣ʾҽ˺Ůͯڲϣ˫־ʾԼ޺

̶̼˲䣬ڵת䣬ֱ
˴ҳֱſڴֻûĵأ

࣬ڶÿӰ㿴ֵѣϵŮͯԼֻдڸУԼǿĵȮ

Σʮҵ峤֫ýͦ

з͵͵ڻΧһȦС˵ĲռΧλãβ˦ĮޱȣԱߵ̬ע



΢ĳĬ

ȮڹٷȮռҪλԽýΣԸߣԸȵص㣬ΪѵԱѵȮֿ

ֻȮӣƬ̺䲻ضΧ۵˵Ͻɣúܣڷڿ֡
Ҫ˵Ѻҽ⣬ⷿڵĿʲôҲµĵؼ޷뿴һֻδĶʲô
ҲмŶӵˣ²ֻȮץʵо˼

ǵͷڵʱֵĶԴ

ֻֻ֪Ȯ̬飬ҪԸ⣬˵׼һھҧڵˡ

ֻ
ɵؿ۲ϵŮͯײ԰׵Ůӻ˯һ߬ŵȮëз΢¿꣬ɰ
룬ȮΪС˲Ⱥ˼ࡣ



һСʱңŮͯա
ܿ죬ڸɿҪˮ

ڵŮҽι˵ˮιԺҲҶȮ̲Ȼлӡ󡪡СѪࡣ
ڵĮ£ŮҽֱۣЦͷϼҲٶ࿿⺢ӣе¡
ĩ춯ײһ࣬ǲľԱ

ָȮĻУҲԹҽСĽ

һĩ
еܺߡǶĿǰ޷ȷǷ˺Եĵ̬أҲ֮е¡

Ůҽ뿪ڡ
⿴һһȮüͷ΢塣

ȮԳԵĿǷ͵͵ĻǲԸ˿С˰㡣̫Ը룬ʮĩգֻСŮͯʲô



ð죬̾缰˸Ϣûӽϡ

缰ϢϼԸ˽Ӵ

ǣ̧һֻڴϣŮͯڻʵ˯УëĺȮóԽӴǳ衣

ŮԵĻǱȽܹܡ˶½ӽ

ĩٺһ£־ܣ밮ǲԸ˶꣬ͬ˵ĳԷʧȥ־ҲŴ뿪
ǵִţûдʲôý

ĸǿǵʹɵֱܹʱģ˶ǵİŨϣжԷ

ϧǣû˳ɹ

춯ʧȥǵ֢״ԼΪǲԣȴǰ־񡣶ѪǳҼƻԡ

ʱڣвҴ˽½ĳα죬μң

ûĩٺδ࣬ҲЩͬľ£Զеη塣

̾һѾ˼ƽϣ½û۲һֻϡС󡱵ĵȮ

ʱߵ롣

ڵĹ㲥λشѧ缰ʶĹﲥϢ

Ƿ룬ڽڻϵͳľ֪ͨѾڻعϷ˽ݵġԵ½鿴

ǾԮϢ£磬شһλڼСѧСϢڲú¼ڲᣬ粻ϡʧСġŮͯϢǺϵģѰװ졭

ҽҲй㲥豸

豸뼫ΪöǻԲ˵ƽͣʫ㶯ҡ

Ůעڡ
ǸŮͯŵȮëС߬ýϻʪۣССسҭš
㲥ȶز˼ӡ

Ӣ곤ľֻĶһͣСŮͯȮ

󣬴㵷
Ůͯڹ㲥Уسҭһ˸Сԭýüͷĵɿˡ

ȮβҲԭĽֱľ裬ɡ

˫Ŀ侲ӣ硰ĳββʼ΢ҡɨ

һͷҵͨѶ¼Ԫüĵ绰ͨ󣬳ڣ

߽㣬Ҫ鷳һ¡
СҪ°æ




32.   32    ĩʮ죺ġ

ֱ, ŲԶҽ˵ӸԪüʱæķ롣

¹𣿡λŮҽеŵؿҽڵĵȮģеҪµĻ, Ͳȥˡ
Ůҽ˵Ժ, ߿һ, üۼ䵹ûʲô𱸵˼, ˵㲥ʱ򣬹ĵ

һ㶡
ܿ, Ҳӣķһ˫ڰ׷峺ޱȵƽӡ

Ӣľٳͷ

ʶЦһ¡

û, Ҳ¹

ŮܿҽڡŮͯȮ࿿Ļ棬ͷ⡣

ѯʽҪЩʲôҪҽȥС𣿻鰲

΢΢ͷŷں˳ķ޲һȥ

Ǹ˯ŵŮͯϣʱüᡣ

á
ô˵

=
ĩٺĵʮ졣
, ҡ

ҴʰԼֱʱ䡪°ʱһ
룬Ҳ°ǰ, Ҫ㲥ҪϢ, ٶظ

ԼһʳüԷ, ʱߵʮӣڽڿųۻĻ֡

½סԤڽЩʱվ깤
ȥƽʱӲͼӪҪѵĻ, ٳһʱ䣬˳˳ؽסΪ˼䡱

ϣǰһǰòá졣

B189ͬס֥˿׼ʳߵļƣһ䣺壬˵ûѽһֻδ졯Ķ

̧ü֥ɻ󣬱˵ǰСʱ£˵˸ӻ

Ҳǵһ⶯ɣӨӨ˵ҸоǺΣգϾ˭Ҳܿ϶ֻ޺

ɪһ£Ůſ־˵ڻҲû˸ҰҪǳ˵ӡ

üͷ

ܿ죬㲥ŮĵĲʱߵ

Ѿ׼ʳߣ뷽۳Է
ûϵǣߵʳøֻ˵һյϢ

ûһԷˣұʦȥæ
֮磬ϰ

󣬴ŵǸ⡣

еʧ˵ûϵһ䣺ȥʲôæҪãһȥ𣿡

Ļش𣺡ȥҽҰæؾһСѣֻ
ôˣ˵һҺҽһԷ

ĳ£סһ˲ľţȻ³
ƽЦŻشʲôֻãһȥ㣬𣿡

뵽֥ӨӨ˵ĻһȶϢȫˡ

һֻδ족Ķ

ΪʲôҪ룿

סŭ⣬ǿѹŸҴҵʳڳ극Ҫ֪ûгԷȥֺԣٵǣҲԼʳþͲλϣ̻ʵسꡣ

˲ʮӽһٷ
ӹʳٵҽңйȥķ˶ʮӡ

ͷһʱص



ʲôһ䣬ûóȻŮͯ͵ȮֻǾ뷽Լһס㹻ͻ¼ʱ̽뻤

Ůһ˵η幷

򶨣ʯ˴ǰ˶ԵȮ̬ȶԱȣķ͸ˡ

ŮͯԺۣССغŮͯûпܣ˳ƵſĻ캰š㡱㡱

ֻȮĿ⾼ؿβ˦̬ؿǡ

ǳɣҲǳơ

Ҳգ³еͷԼ顱ĩĺôһС
ԭ롻ȻźԵڴ鲻ãʶũѧԺųԱǶϲԼԷһաɫԭ롻ĩǰҲǸϲŮ

롻Ȼ׺һ㣬뷽ɺϵϡǵãزסԺڼ䣬ҽԺĻʿҽǶϲڲĲҲ˵졣

׺

ԥ˻ѡ

ǵ֮Ļԡ
Ϊ˿̷벢ȷԼǲܣõϢֻĩе֣ԭ롻ûܡ˶

ûܣʲô»Ҫһʱ˽⡣

ȻΪ˲ڰٷְپܵгΪ۵Ǹ

˻ѡ

аѻ˵滰³ʱ˵еֻŻŮͯԼССЦڿУ࣬Źػ

Ȼ
Լ˽⵽࣬ĿǰΪԪܡ͡ܡأǡܡбȽһࡣ

û̫࣬һ¡

Ϊóרҵ漰أҲû׷ȥ

עӷŮͯŲתȮϡ

۷ֻȮݣ峤Լʮ֣ëݽǼǳǳ˿ڣϡ
м¼ЩϢԴú㱨ϼ

ȴϢ⣬иʱû֤µð/Ųʮص㣺
ֻȮ̺ܸߡ

ĩǰȮӵԼˮƽ̣ٵȫʮȮ֮һ
ΪٷȮҲһѵԱϲĹ֮һ

ǰֹֻˮƽ̡

ջ˼̽Ҫָֻҡβĵ̫˵ǣֻȮԳżĽ䱸ĮεʱĿлһ˿Ĺ⡣

ĩٺ󣬶ѾΪŷɥĴڡ
һֻδĶĿֻšǺǿҡ

ȮҲǿʱĽ䱸·ϲη֣ܱػСˡ

βɨŮֱۣͯŮͯţͷҪҡ

Ȯ㬵βͣ֫ŵأͷɵؿŷŮͯ

ѾڵŮͯ˵غ˵ԼĸϢдԼʮôġ

һֱڹ۲

˵ġ׺һԵ쾡£һżõòݰףЦ
˵ʱвźϲ

ĩٺǰĵ޸衣

ŮͯС˵Լİְ趼ˡ
ְ/ĩٺķǽ//еˡְֺͬǶ˼˼ûȺܳ
ͷ˶ĵȮ֪ΪʲôûкߵġһǵĻԸߡ

ûгԵģȥҵԵģŮͯûпޣ§ţ곤ĽС۵ߣܵذͷߣҡ
ȻҾҲûˡ



סŮͯĸʵΪʲôͷȥأ

Ȯβ͵ʹ˵УͷС˵ġ

һڼһˡŮͯӲ׷£Ȼ̲֮סˣؿ˵Ҳͷȥ˴Ϊܶ๷仵ˣǼҵĹûл
뱣Һͷ

§Ůͯԣǲ˵ˣҪҪԵ㶫

ֱ۱һ£̧˫ͫųʪĹâһֱûпޣ˵ȶ

ȥЩԵĹ

䵭˵

еĮסʶߣڼûҽҽ˶ĲͺУʱ쵽ʵǾ仰
ԭźúõģϸŲССɻ󣬴ŮͯĿ׳мֵϢ

ػأȴ㹻Һܺõذ˹¶Ůͯ

ʾֱ̫ףŮͯס˲䱬Ҳѹ

ЦȵĲͺеݸ롣

һ̣˵ȻҰæͲҪԲ죬𣿡

ãõġ
С˿ʮŮѵ⣬е࣬ԹԵվߡ

ڶʱڶЦŮֻͯȮͷԷ̬ȸˣͷƣЦͷ
ͷӡ˺͹Եʳʱȥȡһڵʱֱ۱Ĵβɨһ¡

ҴҸʱͿԶںҽѣԼҽҿŵڣһ

ŮͯԼӿڳԷľڵԷ˵ŻϱǳǳǸ⣬һĬĬŵֻڳŹĵȮ

ѿüͷ⣺𣿡

˵ͷֱʣΪʲô

ε¼ͷشѧʳҴһԭһֱΪǡϵܼ󣬲ŴӷǸȻ֪ʵܣΪ̫С⣬ˡ

Ҳ֮е£˭Լ̫⡣

ҲӦú͸οеϵ̽ʣõޱһӣò𰸣Ҳû̫ϣֻ˵㲥ʱֻûô

Ӧеͽæ

˱̧ۣ±ǿס綾ҺҪŭ
缰ǳ˷⣬Ψ֪ˡ

ܾûУǸδ֪
ǲܹΪϲֹϲͰǿɣ

ĩǰҲԵèèϲôˡﰮţֻ˵ˡ

˼˰֮͵Ĵڡʱ򶼲ȷ

ѣҸղһֱţо
ѵõļͷӢÿϸ˼εЦ⣺һֱţ¡Ҳһֱš

ĵ㣬Żɫ᲻˵ġ

˵ʱĿ⻹ҽڣأ̾һе㱧Թŵ˵ұҲȥģ֮ǰСѳѪֻǺˡ

Ĭ侲ɨѧϰȻЦϰߣлѵѹĵס

ȻʮӺ󣬷߳ҽʱЦ⣬룬ˡ

ûĽ䣬ĮصǸһۡ




33.   33    ĩʮ죺֡

ʱ, 쿪˸ֳԱ۵Ļ顣
۵Ĺؼֻȫµһֻ߽Ұġޱ֢״Ȯ

ĩٺھҵĹȮǣеıʧȥ, ʹɱ, ҲеġڵҴмλǹȮѵԱ, ṩ鱨, ϸ˵ĹȮȷѱȮӣԲӦеܺ͡

˵Ȯͷ, ϣ

ЩҲģǲҲֻһ
ʲôʱлʵҿ
Ҫٶҵֻʲôԭ, Ǻͱ춯ﲻͬ

ڻУ侲ؿڣһҪоֻϡȮͷ

û죬̱˽ĵȮȻҪߺܶࡣ
ĩһСʮ죬϶ǲ²

춯ӵŴǰҧԾȵȣͶо޴仯

Ȯͷ̸ĩǰ, ̬Ա仯Ⲣζûмǿ

һжδ֪ڲܿ϶ԷƵǰ£óȻӽ

ҪоĿĽӽ, ζؿǼڱտҪоԱ, ˵, ưոݡ

һʱ䣬ұ˵亹ֱΡ

ĻΣ۽ӴֻȮ, ѿе֪ŮͯϪС˲գҪİСơ£ѡټСĩ档
ôŬ̽òҪĽ

Ҷ£û˸˵ץֻȮоĻ

ǵõԼ¼óĻݣеõ˵ȮŮͯϪĽ

ǵģֻŮԽΪѺãΨһһܹ׽ˡ˵˵ȮԷϲơ
СŮҲ⣬ǳϲڷߣӰʱόǲش

ڶݵദԷŲɡ󣬸߳û·Ϳܵ缰ڳȽ˫ֲ嶵һյӡ

ֵ̳˸ĸӢֵơ

缰ĳҪšһЩĸס

硣ܿ죬缰һЦˣô£

缰ߣûע⵽ܵϵı顣

ȥֻ

ΪȮͷԣŮͯϪ𶼳رյĶ
ϼڴҴҾУһҽʱաԱ⣬롣

ľٵȼԼȮǴľȨ޿ż˵鿴

ȮŮͯദõķ룬ǳ볩ͨ
գСƽյʳ˯ߡ״̬ҽ

պҪȥһˣһ߰ɡ

û̫࣬ͷӦ

ʮӺǵʱյҽҡ

=
ĩٺĵʮ졣

ȮóĴβɨŴתз޶⣬ֻǻ֣ںСϷļơ

СſڴϣץŵȮĴ䣬ǵԿǣͷס

һſ飬ʱʱҳ̧һۣЦǳǳӯǡ

㣬εĺУʱ඼мӲ͡
СҲȷʵеˣеӣ㣬ˡ

ţȥҸĹԱҪ̣Сӡ

Ϫյ֢״ѻ⣬ûкȫʱʱҪ򼸸磬ԼžͲ󡢿⡣

ҽҲ˵סҽҼ죬֮ٿѰװûкϢСĸĸʧ٣ܻн

Ȼ˭֪ϣ΢ֻõķȥ롣

⼸գһֱҽճְ๤Ԫüʱ棬Ԫü׿ڶϸҪ󣺡벻ܸ̫ãȱϯѾͶ˵ҪԭĲԱˡ

ܻӭ̶ȣҲǳ

Ԫüѵһٺ󣬿Ц˵ܿͰ˻ȥֻҪСѳ׽ˣ֮ػҵõİ취ǡ

Ԫü

һ·ϣ缰̵⼸췢¡

׺ȷʵֻϲСҲǣһ̶Ը뿪

缰ĬĬֳ˵
ٶۣУֳ͡

缰΢ܿ죬𣺡ǣڴѧһֱǺϲŮ

Īӵܵܵ仰У׽ʲôϢɵأ㡭

õҽңûл׷ȥ
Χҽֵܴк⼸쳣ҽ缰ЩҽġʦܡĩǰҽѧȦı˴˶ʶԷ˵缰òɫ츳׿Խ

𣿡

ǣأλŮҽһ䣬ŮҽЦ𣺡һͻȥõ̳ԣС

һֳУϡƽ³ġ롱缰еֲ

΢΢ãȻؿҽǡϤʦʦǣЦ˵롱С棬Сÿģҩһԣ䱧ԹûУسˡ˵Ҫרҵѧҽͺˣҽһǳ㡣

ܿ죬ż̳ǵС

û缰ĸ

˲վš곤ӲоѪ緶һҪſЩüʢʧسһۡ

벻üͷ

Ǵ˸кҴ߽ҽңСʳ

ֵҲ˽
зڵĳϣȮ˵ĵûôԡ

缰ŮͯЦţһ˫γͫǴǹ

磺룬Թ𣿡

Եķ룬ںҽҹҽǡȮС󣬱롱Ҳ¡

ԹˡЦŻش

缰ʶԼеСʧ꣬Դʵûǰ׽

롣

õֳһɻĿ⡣ʣȻͬУͬѧ㻹ʶΪʲôҪյĺ

볯

е˼缰֯һԣ֪ʲô⣬ֻ˵㱨μӻڵĿŶӣ

һ壬ϵıͱ
Цصͷ˵ȷʵ뷨

ƶص壬ɼ⡣ĩУߵ·߱ҲΪิˣΪ춯ֲиŬĹؼ
뱾ͰûԼĴڣԭľߴྶͥ

ǹ᲻Ϊߵı䶯úܶҪڽڵ㶼

໨ʮʱ䣬ʽأ춯ֲĴڳΪ󱲵û

ȶŶܵңԶ˷籩



벻ϣԼĴڣӰĩбȶġ֡

ڣǰҽҺ󲻾ã档
滹ûӣ̽Ҫı⣬Ŷӵ˼

ʱ㲻Щʲô
ʱ˵꣬ߵѻĪءһ

ѵķӦŪһͷˮ׻Ǻܸˣľع죬ҲͿԳװģָͷȴΪ޴׵ʱ̡

˵䣬ΪѶ̫ԡ
Ů̶֣̼仰͸¶һ¡

ûע⵽缰仰˳Ĭ

ֱڿ죺Ϊʲôôˣ

ѾǺˡ

٣˦ӣĵǸ£ָ罻ദʽ

Ҳη˵ǸͫԲ͸źݵȸԾ뻶ϲǹţΪûôΣˡ

滰ҲǼٻ
ģػصӦߵĵ·ϡ

Ȼ񣬳ٳٹʱеǹ᲻ˣ᲻ʲô⡣

ϣԼʧȥһȶɿѡ
Ҳϣˣп

ԱڻڰȣΣԴ󽵵͡
Ǻһ

ûŷĵЦһʱͷе΢

ֱȥ·ϣߵܵܵĳĬ£Ц㣬΢ۣ˵һ䣺ڳʱһûбͰ֮ˡ




34.   34    ĩʮ죺ߵġ

屨μӿŶ, ϲҵͼ
η󲻾ãǲֻȮܻ˺Ŷӣ˽ࡰޱ֢״Ϣ, Ϣȡ, ߷շ, ޷ƿص

ͬʱ, ³һЩǰûйעطǰ, ˵ϸڡ

ǣйʱġܡ

Ҷ˵ǡ׺ܿɰüͷ, ſĴߣ˼һСڣ˵ֻ֪Ļ
ˡ

е̲סָڵķר־˵ٴӱȷʵǺ˵ݡ

׺

, йĵܶ˶ϲһ飬ʶѾõģǽεġ

ͫ, ʹµŨ޲סȻӹ, һĨЦ⣺أ

ſſ, ˸Žŵϥϣ̼ǺСѡһš

ĩٺĵʮ, 糿ȥĿŶơݵǼǡ
ŶӸԣʱ䣬ֻҪ쵽չɡ

ʱ̣Ҫ˵Ļ

Ůѵۣǵ죬СѺ͹ܿɰ

סǾ䡰ҵ㡱Ǳ׾ģ˸˵סָ⣬ʲô£һҪԼҪΪ׵Ǹ

˳ƵʮָۣЦ˵á

ģµġ

ȴûжֻȮǿ̣Ҳǹŷġܡʲô˼ȥûȻקקĴ£˵˲ĵ˴ϡ

ССش˸ǷƤݶװ겢£ֽܿṹ

߷С˵ˣ˯ɡ

˹̵ܶһ˲䣬ԲͫʢЦ⣬֪һֱڲʲôַ·ûУֻԸ⽫ϲر

Ůĳŵϴˮζӡõ壬͡
һǣĴǣԹ˯

һþͷ

ģھϲ尾У˼㯵ؿһ⣺
Ҫʱ䣬ڿŶʵλãȻ󣬺һסµļң

=
缰ѡ壬ĩĵж
شѧתƵʱغǶ죬뷽˽⵽Ϣ޼

ӵľϵܵ缰ͶҽѧԺҽѧų츳ĩٺԼĵʦϣϾ֮ͻڶļʦʦŵʦԶаĿҵ֪ʶͬʱľϵܣٲȻΪĿǰٵġʳΣṩ˾޴İ

ȫ£ÿмԼġʳֿ⡱ǺƽҲҪ¼ʡнش
ʳΪ족ʳ֮

ĩǰܶ˶֪ͨΪܷĸ׼аޱȡһ⣬ŹҺ۵ص
ĩٺЩܵġʳֿ⡱һšֻҪδܵĩٺֱ춯ֲƻĲֿ⣬רҵԱ󣬲ֿ⻺ųʳҴṩʳ

ʱڣҴʳõʳһھԮרҵԱʱ˳ռʣһ֣ʳֿĹ

гһ졣ĻӣԭеĸũȶũƻĹʵʳãũҵרѾĻǵؿʼ׼оʺڵʱɹʳõ֡

ȫҶԼġӿ⡱ȴͳһġӿ⡱⣬ҲԼġӿ⡱

Ϊ˷ֹµӿ⣬ڴʱȴһܹæ

·ĩ٣綼òƴǰԭҲȫȻ仯

ؼʱ̣Ƿ֡ľϵܡֲӳʡʵİľϵżӳӷѿٶȵʩܺũĩǰ΢𣬽ĹʵҲˡԸΪиʳúǷ֣ľϵʩչܵʳǵõѡ

ԭķ༸ʮꡢϰоӣĩٺ󣬲ڴʱĻ
ȻжԹоɹ֮Ŀɱ̾ˣ಻پڹ֣Э׼оʺϵµ֡

缰Ϊũҵṩǿ

ǿʹʱٸеƣڼũѧרҵŶʱŵϰ࣬°࣬мֻϢСʱϵṩܡʹõĴԽԽ࣬ǿҲлһƵıϵǻָĶ⣬ɱǿ

ǻϵܣܺɱǿԭָֻССҲƵʹú󣬽ɳΪ˾޴档Ϊʱͨϰеıֲṩ˾

ĩٺȫͨҪгֻѵͨ·
ع󣬽ͨҪ岼ʤ

ⲻһ̶̼ɵĹ

˿ڴ½عƣĩٺǰգδܾܵġڰաȫ˿ھ½˰ٷ֮ʮ
ʣİٷ֮ʮҲ֮ʹУȻȥࡣ

潻ͨ߳ΪԿԽϰҪеཻ磬ֻߡ

յԸĸϢڸʡ뵱ؾԮ磬ֶͨϸ߿еıȺʱڽһ·

ĸ˵Ǿм



ĩٺĵʮ졣

ʱظԭĽٶʹá

ʱʮգͷһοлķɻӰһʱ䣬ʧ

С˽˷ɻ̶ڵ泾У̧ۣüһܷɻŵء

ܿ죬һͷͷƤпˡɫ㣬ŲźɫƤѥԱš
֮󣬲߳λʮ㣬ҳγΣصġշСǡ

ΪֹҴǵĵһοнͨתơ

ʱɳλؼ쵼פ۲죬Ϊһ˺ҪӣҲС

ѵõʧ̬ۿǰӵסδĸĸ

ֱصʱأѻе㱡

쵼ƽ⣬ûüʹڿ·ľϸڣͥ˲̵ʱúദ
ѵϣŸĸȥʳóԶٺõġ

㡣
ʳҲ࣬ΪػԼôĳõĻ֣ĸ˷ʢóԵĲȡڲϣһ߳ڵķˣһߵôδ˼֮顣

Ǻ˵һλĸĸȵػϼҵĹ̶ʲ˽˷ɻȵȣĩٺҲΪҡϼó

ô˵ϼµĹ̶ʲѿԹϺĩǰһĸȫҪʲôŬ

ʱú𣿡ĸϧؿһЩա
׳Ĭȴڹģͬ

úܺá룬Ц˵

ȻĺԵǿĻϵܣʱü䲻ûгʲôͷ

ĸ
Ǻܿ˷֪ĸʱڼУΪĸһʱأ

ҽңƽʱ˵Ļ͵ҽ

Ѱװ죬ԮҴǵǼϢͻ¼ڼлصվϣ֤šеļɸѡˡ



Ϊĸ˵Żڵĸ

ʱҴңǺ޲֮ʱߵ㡣

ڵĹ㲥豸ȻһǸԪüãǸԪü֪ͨңǵͬ־ѾָҲҪٷʼͶߡ

ǳʽĲݡ
䲥Ϣǣɵ̧ʶؿ㲥豸ȻЦˡ

⼸죬յ̫Ͷʼ˽ҶԲԱϲ³ҲҶ½⡣

ٿЦˡ

ֱۣЦضԸĸ˵˵ǻڣϲһԱ

ĸȻȻ޷Ϊʲôô˶ϲԱ

ܿ죬豸תԪüͲ˷롣

һöŮᡢ峺ϲʱ

Ƿ룬֣֪ͨһϢԴеĵһ˽˺˳Уڴúȫк߳š

ֱ㲥
豸κ죬ǣĸ
ĸȵЦˡ

˼ǸܺС

ѹصգգۣΪССص⣬ǡ׺

ûܵļӳɣҲֿȥͺϲŮ

ĸĬĬһۣӵ˼
Цţ̽ʣ𣿡

ѵɫǼ⣬ָֻܿԭĿ

ѡ
ûеĵز

ѺЦʵ˫ֲ嶵һ¼ͷͷҲǳ£԰ɣ




35.   35    ĩʮ죺춯

缰ʵ߳, ָһӨӨ̣ǻѵܼɫ羰

ũѧרҵĿ缰ճʱ䰲Ųæµ
ĿڵĿԱ·, Ϊ˽ũҵ֪ʶĲ, ṩֻСľϵܡæµ·, ɼʵֲ, רҵʵ֮ʣҲû缰ʲôҪæ

߳ʵ, ̧ʱ䡣

شѧתƵʱжʮ졣
٣ʢһжڳõķչ

ʹü, ǣջģҫ֮⣬ǰҪעСҲھδԷȻССĻ

߳ʵ, ԶĴһŮʦ֣պ, ԼԸ, 㿴ʱ𣿡

شѧѧŮ﹤רҵ, Ŀǰμ˻ڵĿûǴĻͬһĿ

缰ûüشŮ߽, ģ߲μӵĿСиоǱֲ

һ˼⣬ͷͬŮԼ
ܿ죬ڹʳòϽһĿϵѧ

ʱúܿ죬ṩݺǵĽ̸˽
缰ŮòٱǰŮЩЦ£һ䣬ʦڻǵ𣿡

һ¡

Ů֣ʾⲻԼ棬գֻһ䡣

缰Ĭ
ϵıһ΢ʧξŮԼΪһָ̣չʾ˿䵭Ȼֻгʱɫ˵˵

˼鷳תһ£缰ƽѾϲˡ

=
ĩٺĵʮ졣
ѵĸĸյϼİţһƤǻؽǿסеġ˫˼䡱
ŸĸȥһסĩǰܵıصȻǺܺá
ͷṩѾõġ

ϼҸĸңԿഴҵ˫˷Ļûʲô
ʰڣתͷһ䣺ӣ㲻˼伷ҪҪǷһ㣿

˫˷סҲһѡ
Цžܾˣˣ׬Ļֹиʮ£͹˷

Ǹĸãûй׷ѾĶӵĴ㡣
ȫ¶ϲ˴˵ľʲôֻҪΥΥͣĸʣͼ֡

ļͥ˿ѡ

ڲȫź˴˼ܴҪϢ

븸ĸʱյԹ̶ͬϢϴûд񣬡յϢ˵ǼֳһȺӡ

ššüͷ׷ȥ

Ŵϴб֪̾1025գ֮ǰ˵ﶬںٷܡදںļڣƷ/ĳ嶯ƫƫϢеݣʶż졣

һ
ĿһȺ̣Цţû󣬾Ѿг



شѧʱһһ׷ɫܵʳʱŸ֪ǵϢ

ķܡģҲǡ󡱡

Լ񣬱ӵķܡ

˽רҵˣͨҲܼ߼һۣЩ춯ķֽܶҴ˵Ƿǳ¡

ѻظͬ飺ҾͲϢˡ
ʱʹһȥĿ



ӵǿɱܵѣڳʱṩԶĶࡣĻϵܡ·ܡɱṩﶬ伾ѷԼʳʱ

峿ȥĹһȦȴûзȺӡټ
޹
ǲδ٣ڵڶһΡ

ڿŶӷǿ߰æ׽һֻ춯ȺĺȺλεдС
ŶҪо춯ġ

ൣǱ춯ķǵ
α춯޷ȥĿռҪռ

ĩٺ롰춯ֲȻΪ档
ࡢͬԸڱ춯ʧȥǵѪ£Ϊҽ

ѵĶ˽⵽ҲѶӽԿŶӵ

ϲģѾŶգӡְתΪְ壬ҲҪ

ĿļֱʣֻΪ֮йı

ҵıϵܿԽ辫׼¶ȣ¶ס춯ƽͻ춯ʱȽϷ㡣

ԭĶ뿪ѡμӿйľʱͬеϧеףϾΣԻ̫ˣܹȿŴԳԷٺò

Ⱥǲûнܣæµڻ·ġռʡ񣬲ûа취һǰġ
ǣʱ˶ѡ

˵ϡһ׮

Ѵһմʵҳ塪ͨͨס㣬̷ҵشڶͷһ۾䵭Ƶӱ۾Ƭ󴫵ݶ
˷һԱȡ

òʣżĲ졣

˼һ̣֣ô졣

ˬ˵ЦϣȴδС

ǳˣΪʱ˴һӡ
ڴ˼ʹϵҲûвӡһգܿ¡

ٳشʱѵͷĸϢ˵Լš
Ҳ˭

Ҫ򵥴ֱûڲͨ˳źţ绰ͨԭ߰ŵ䵭裬һȻʧڻΪʵ´档

忡ϸԵ绰ͷ˵Ҫȥˡ

ǣǺ23һȥ23ѼͬǵĶţ˵ţһӣҪԷİ㣬˵Ҳ

ԣǺûҪ¡

ָһ٣ĬĬ̧壬һ仰֪ȫҲȽϸߡ

Ϊ˿ŮѵģΪǣҶǡ

һʱ䲻֪ʲôӦ
˵ȷʵμͻжԸһ䣬Ůѵ֪ģ
ûоñôһ䣬мֺܡ

㶯ֻĻظĸеѯֻĻϨڴ
˫ֲ嶵̧̧°ʾ壺ˡ

ʵڲ̫üɫǰҫ硣

˵һ䣺Ӧò̫γĻˡ

أЦһ¡
ã

ѼѵõüͷõݶţϤͬƳһ̵еȻ

ع̶ʲԽҰ23ӵ̨ͬһ̨Ѻӵһ̨

ӿųҡҡλεʻ·Уϴ̽ſѣЦǲǲ̫ˡ

û˯Сϣ

ĬȻ
̻¶ĸദܾõͬǰй˵֦ڡ

š
³̧ѹѹǣ͵̾˿

Ǽʰɡ
仰û




36.   36    ĩʮ죺ġ

ġ
ȥֵ, ڶ̶̼ʮѱռš¥Ų֪һ̨ܡѸһܺʵ̺ӣסԭеɫ
·ϳºбĳ, ڲӰ⸲ס, ߴļ, ҫڿҡڡһƬ, ֮С

ӻܣЦŵûǴĻ, ǰҲ⡣ʱѾһֲڿ֮ǰû١

еĻ, ȣΧĿ·Ť
Ӹпš춯ֲķ

ֻҪӡûгŪЩֲǾͻһֱ
춯ҲǣɱһȺֻҪзǵͲ١

Щ۵̾˿

û, Ҳǣ춯ֲķ̫ǿʢִռ䡣

ס뷨ЦŶӵ¸, Щרȥưɡ

Ǿ͸ɵ¡

˵ĵ, ǵҰлһȺòɲı춯һ, ȻǺ

ܺõѳǸȥ
צĺëӣͫĺ죬߻˿˿Ѫ, ·մװֳܳ㡣Ⱥ춯УдСǰ//ĸİСҽУĺָ׹ιڰǽ㣬﷢ë

һϸΪ׵ıòɲɷǵķ

ӳעˣ׼ǵķ

дԪͷʱ졢ζտɳеζˮʡԼϵͷʱ轵¸С

ƴУƳһ۲Զ塣ľӰֱͦ׼Ⱥ̰ͼѪ⣬ǷĺȺ

һ͸ıһֱ̣׼Ŀϡ
һֻβĸİСӣѸײڶ֮ƣ嶳ԭء

ջ΢ʤģ񣬶ǳƶڳһߴĻ棬Ⱥ

ͬʱ

͸Ԫüһͣű˴
곤Ů䲻ĸ龭Цʣ̸˶ˣ

ĩٺĵʮ졣
봩ĵʮ졣
ǵȴװ˼ӣһ£м°ɡ

ŮɬĵزУڡĩǰһġ

ԪüȻЦ𣺡

һ⣬һ䣺ҿҵǺͦϲģǲ׷㰡

Ԫü졣ֵܵĸĸʱڼУԶгﻮžԮأΪΪ곤ġƽա
缰ƽյı֣۵ס

Եʦ⣬º󣬲ƽ̫˽⡣
üۼŶѵ飬ԼԱȤѵһֱ̫עЩ

Ůϲ׷Ҳ¡
ѵ£ʶغ˵׷Ҳ֮С
Ԫüױʾͬ

⼸컹вкʣԪüЦеؿûжҴߺʶ

Ҷѵˣ곤ߵ֪ѡ

۾ǣЦˣллʦ

ԪüСﻹ˵ǿҲߣҲڿŶɻǰɣ
룬ĵڿŶĹ

ܽؿ䣺ڴѧרҵһĺѧ



ĩУжԵľ߷չһӦȫϸڶд
˵ƫȺģԡ缰һΪص㡣ǡǡ˵ϷҲȲνдǡءһƽˣǡᡱһ

͸ԪüԹ緹صλݵʱԺлĩеľ顣

缰ԳɫĳﻮõתҴǰشѧҴǼתƵʱڡ
ܿ죬ľϵóΪδҪٵġʳΣûʩ

ĩٺļʮգʡеĳĿоˡ춯ֲھˡܵá֪ʶͨͨУյоݣͨеռľ˽дṩߵġҺ

缰ܱʽ־ԸڷáҺ
ʱڵĸ߹ʱ̣һ֯شѧҴǰȫתƵʱأڶΣұ˲䡣

˵ģˮࡢϽƳɵʱء
ƣڱڹλϣĿ֮ġ״̬΢Ӱ졣
ڽʱֱ¶״̬ĸá

Ǹ˿Ϸĸųȶĵܣҵյ24СʱṩҪĹ
ȻҪ⣬ҪȻ⡣

ڣصĹ̶ӽ书Ŀܿ콫Ŀתṩաϡ
齫ظߴ׵ˮࡢϳɵĶѡԵطΪ͸οĲ

ЩʩҲΪҴǵĽ׼

ÿһλҴǶ֪ĽȾأõ滷ϼ˵Ͽ
ڣλȱ֣ڳר족Ĺ

缰ܱΪڲṩһƬԳ֮Ϊ羰ֲǽ

ΪܱɵֲҪչ䡣
£ƬֲǽʢҴǴϵο壬ڸ˻ҰˮࡢӲӶĺ⡣

˵缰ܱڶʱڼ˻Ҵǵġ䡱ԭġɱȺҲࡣ

ĩУ˽ܱ֮Ϊӡ

˿ĩɥʧһʹϧ

⣬£ָͷ㣺缰ܱм죿
˵Ҫ㷢жã

ĩоἰʱģ뷭ȥңҲûܿ϶룬Ӧò̫Զ

עص㣬缰ΣעģǡҺͳһźܱʽΪĩṩǿ

ǿ󡪡ζʱ÷

Լɢ˼ά뵽Լܴڵġܡ

񣬺ܶ˶Ϊǡ׺ܡ
ⲻһ˵ǳԱʱóĴ𰸡
ʵ٣ռһ롣

ƽ룺áҺҲܵõһЩõĽ
㰵Լĵס

=
23عͨϵܶסĻӣѺںϽڣʵҡ
ʮСʱʹúƣ˻˯пտա

غһϵƫͷͿڸ˭Ϣ
ö£֪ǡ롱

ǳ˳23һԷ
һһԣֱۣȴĻش

ӣ壬ҲǹĽˣһԸܾ֮ͻʵˣټѡ

ʢȴ
ֻõ˵ͷֻǴӦ󣬻˵Ůһ°࣬Ҫһ飬֪ǽ鲻⡣

뷨죺ô⡣

˵󣬹ţѡ

ĵؿһۣɫضӵŮӦҲʶƽʱϢķ롣
һʱ䣬23ڵĳԱǶ󾪣ŮѰ
ȥŹʵСͬ־ҿϲˡ

һΪǵأû뵽Ѿˡ



ûв廰
23˸пǧ٩

ƽˮԲӦ䡣ܿ죬23ӵУ°ķ롣

ʹе֪23ӳһԷϢ

ҺãǷ롣23ӵ΢΢Цһ˲תͷ壬ϵЦͣøãҲᡣ

𣿡
͵˵˴˼ܣЦʱγʡ

23ʳڵĴԲѵλþǺܽԿ񾲡Ц⡣

ļͬĿ佱ŷƽĲͬ־ƽʱڹ㲥˵鶼ϲ١

ǰһֱûϰ࣬˵ȥҽҿҽֶһö˵ûɲˡ

һ仰ǰ߼Ѵӡʱ벥˳ӰĽϡ
Ƕƽչġ

Щ˿ʱôʵʵԱα

Цſȴڴʱһ㶣һûȡϢ
Ȼššüͷɿչļ˵

ע⵽㡣

˳·ͷ롢壬һסء

·̣ĬӶ࣬ĳ޳աֱߣѹǺ߳˼Ȼ˳µ뷽벢С

ݵ·Уѿڵ룬ǵ֮ǰܶ˶ϲһ𣿡

޽ģ·һ㣬Ц˵Ҿܣôܴ󡣡

Ҷϲ㣬š

Ĭؿ
ЦȻҰ˵ڵľԮģʱߡɱܶ࣬Ӹ߲¡
˼Уǲŷ֣صô󡣡




37.   37    ĩʮ죺Һ

ҹʱ, B189ƤڸڴǺ˯졣
˸ķ롢й壬˶ҵ˷ҼֵĹܾҵ, ԭͶרҵ֪ʶлؽ, Ǵһϲͨʼѧϰҵ

ǵճæµ

ĩٺ, ͯ곤ߵȺ
׳ĴԶΡ
شѧҴ, ٷ֮ʮˣʮ굽ʮࣻǳΪʱеҪ

ϼֹһεظп, ǰص˾ԮԱشѧҴǰȫתƵľߡսϵĳɹ˵½ȱľӢ˲š

֥ӨӨˣڼʱ, ѳΪֿȵ˲šרҵƫƣרҵְ̫λǴϻ۹ˡѧϰǿĴԣҲ㹻Ӧ

ŸС֥Ķ
ش۽ޣͬû˯巢һϢ

[˯š]

һֱڹעΧĶ, ܿҶָСߵϡ
, һƬС̺ӡ

뿴

ǲ˵, ֻǾĵؿŶԷ, ٿ䣬ЦǲҲ˯ţ

˵ʱᣬ㶼ûоڵס͵˼
忴ڼСʱǰ, 23Ӿ۲ͳԷŵ˼

Ȼ

ġܡʲô

ͬڻԪܣ׵ϵϵߵġܡ㣬ǵܶοɼġ
֮ǡΡġ

ǱĬУӰнӴʶǡ

з籩˼ǣü΢壬˼ġ⡱ʾ֭زʲôܡ
ðûеõ𰸡

ָ⡣
Żع˵ţ¡

Ȼݷɵ¼ͷҵ̫ˣǲǣ
ЮɫʵġܡڷϣΪƽ

𼸸СʱǰѹǰڷܵĻ
ĿĲȴǼʱظϲϢ

ĴڼĲеҴɱеĳԱȡ

Ϊ²Ůѵṩ˽һ֤

ŷʱεȻϲȫѹֲסġ˷˷С

ĵؿһܽķ롣
ƯŮĵָ⣬СҵԼһƤ࣬ģ߬ý
ָȶȡĵۣ΢ȡ

ջ֣ڷȻĿ£ССִٵչü΢Цʱ䲻ˣ˯ɡ

Ļȣջ֣ĵط߬˼£м¶һ
죬ʵῪʼоıҿܻȽæ

йǼӰӵ㣬⡣
õЦˣͣŬ

ǳŮѶְҵչǰڴ˵ŵЦڴĿɾ͡

صͷȭִ͵ͿһЦŵһŬġ
룬ҪңϺӲС

=

ĩٺĵʮ졣
Ϊ𲥱ʱŵĹԱܴӸеõԻõġһϢ
ԪüְǷĹʱ䡣

룬ЩӣʮӺ㲥ȫء

ٵǰİɫֽҳڴӡУ׼ز׽ˡҺϢ

ָ˵һҳͷվԺˮĸʦļ־Ը𣿡

Ԫüһָĵط׳ǡ
ҺʡеһӿԱģƽǱ߲ԵЧǿá

Ҳ֪һֻ/гҪоһҪʱ䡣

ԱҲȷҺûʲôӺԵĸáԪü£ƣ̾Ϣпû취ڴҶҿľ¸ңΪԡ

ӸԪü˶ԡҺԥ
ڲԱ϶⡰Һ˽⣬֪Ǵӱ춯ֲڻȡõĶ

ʱǲԮչ·֮ʣÿһɱ˱춯չֲʱ꣬ûڸɼزкԱޡ

ǰҲ˲¹⾧˿ܺĩС˵˵һʲôá
С˵С˵ʵУ˾Ǹеʯͷ

ҧҲҧϮҲûʲô仯ǸƼȶ

ೢԺҲɨˣͼЩġʯͷϡ

ֱԱֶͨΣȡжĳɷ֣ˡҺ

ҰŰɣȴҲзˡ

ƳɡҺĿŶӣٴ࣬мʮˡ

˵Ŀǰûʲôá
̫٣Ԥڶı׺

ټǴӱ춯ֲڻȡõܻǣ⾧Һú˻᲻Ǹӣ
ܣҴŷҺİȫɿԡ

ӡĸǺĴڡûܹԸⳢԵࡣ
ǶǺòĩˣҶϧϼ쵼ҲˣǣÿһʡеľԮġʱֻҺΪԸԡҩ
һ⣬ʼ־Ըߡ

˽ĩУʱڳγԾҺ־Ըķ룬Ȼģ˵ͷã֪ˡ

Ĺ㲥󣬷뽫ҪĸϢһһ˵
롰ҺصϢ˵ʱƽֱ𣬲̫

󣬷ڳնֻ

巢Ϣ˵ҪӰݣûһԷ

˸ãͷûвˣֻϲרעԼľߣŬظʵ顢з뵽Ϊิˣ춯ֲľ޴ףõع˹ǡ

°࣬ȥʳóԷ

ڰ·ײں˭ŵ绰һϾдſ
㵨ӹûоҵͬ⣬ֱӱˣ

·Ц˰㣬ߵˣҲ硣

ĬĬһ䡣

ûע⵽ţװϵĻ貣ѪӲƫƫڵ绰ִ˵ҳ̵ŭǱμˣΪǾˡ

ҾˣͶʶҪǹ㻹ţ軹иָ
ºˣҪǾҺʲô⣬һȥү

˵绰ͷ缰üӡ

ֱ̧ĬĬķ룬϶ȻκΡ

ǾҺ£

绰ˡ
е޴غվţصͷ̾Ϣ˵û뵽һ籨

˵ܱеֶ߬߬ǷӢϣһ˿޿κΣѾ



սϼ쵼Ҳһֵһ鱼Ҫ˸ĸָ

Ƶú޲øܵ缰һȭǼ߳ĳƢֵʲôǰҲһ

Ȼ룺ֵŴηľǡ
־ԸߣǴšͷ롣

ʵǰ˾ķ֪ǲ¡
еǣ֪

ǻž޴ķ׾Ϊס
ܿɹֵ




38.   38    ĩʮ죺缰

Һ, δ෢չʷвɻȱĴڡ
ԴԱ춯ֲھȡЧɷ֣Чٽܵ
ܡ춯ֲ˽룬ԱԾҺºʹѰڷúܹƽȡȫʹеǿȡ

һҩз, ĳƷǻšá

Һĳʼ汾, Чǿ, 岢ӺԵı׶ˡڷ֮ʱ, ĸܲʡ־Ը߿Ц˵, þҺ¾һءܾѡ

Եʹ࣬ǵ, ޷Ƶ硣
־Ըһµĸܡ



ҹʱ֣ʵһƤſڿͬٹĳ˿òشкʺ˴˽չΡ
Ȧϣۣش˸ǷҰάǻصϵͳ, 첻֪ôģһأռӰӵظάꡣ

, Ǹմʵһ˵ʵҺ־Ըߡʡ
ڵĿĿ͡Һڵ־Ը߲һ顣
, ʵҵֿƳ²ʿʱҺĿ, ͳ۲졣

ʲݡ򵥵˵˼䣬⣬˶һ, ˴ϵƣ̬

ˣ˵ȥϴȻϢҲǣ˯ɡ
ˮصķߡ

ϰڻǰͰԼʰɾţŵ߽Լķʱڸڷ䷭΢С
͸Ҷܿڳ˯ţѹϣ۽ŨǼ΢ۣ˯վ£Ķ

еãֱ˵λ㹾һСѰ㣬̧ӡ

ͷֻһСʱǰ뷢Ϣ
סˣ̫ȥ˯Ŷ
ͬӼǹżӰɷҪϢŰ㣬߶߶

ԭ˯
ʵе㰾סˡӰӵʵݣҲʱ֪࣬ͨȫԱʵʱϢ

Ҳ磬ҪһЩ
æµҴң档

ֿ˯ŮһۣͷҰůۡ



ĩٵĵʮ졣
Ͼŵ㣬ʱڲ롰ҺĿ־Ըǻһݡ

Ŀĳ²ʿϵˣִһɨŮְ롣

ɤӣʾڵ־ԸǿҪظһ¹ھ˷úеķӦ

²ʿ˽⵽Ϣһһ˵ֽܴڵĺ֢ظ֪ˣд˿̲μӵģѭԸԭ򣬾ǿƴҲٴ顪

û˵Ҫ˳
²ʿֿƳһۣ϶εĶݡ
иϴ²ʿˣϽǾҺǰɣˣһó񡪡

ֿƳϸϸȰ٣ɲУٴһڶҪܹ۲졣

üҲûж˵ʲô˵ͷаɣܳͲô˵ô

ΪҺĿԭרб춯ֲŶ˳²ʿֿƳˡǵֳŷֻֿ

ǣ²ʿʵĳԱǴ绰ֵһˡ

ÿһ־Ը߶Ҫܸһλͬߣͬʱһ־Ը߷һ䡣Ա࣬áҺܱ˺ˡ

²ʿ̣еӦʩãȻ󣬲ŽҺȺ¸η־Ըǡ

ֿƳĿͳ滮߽Եķ󣬾ɫء
ǶڵȴſܻеľҷӦ

ʹǿ޺

ʡзϢУж⡰Һʼ汾úֵļ
ǡܡʱǰѰֻҪȥˣܾͻ

һλ־Ըߵиܡ
ڼǰǿ˷áҺܴʹ

ܿ죬ڵķУش־Ը̵ʹ

սȭͷ侲עǸ͸Ŵڷ״ϵϣǵͨ죬͹صشԿɳıըԷйڵ̳һСƬߴ幫ֵɳء
ΨһӦ־Ըߡ

Чǿĸڣ˷شʹ˻Ϊصܸվѵʱ̡
ֿƳɫأҴֽϼ¼ݣнƣһһӹʮָķ䡣

ֻмûд־Ըߵĺ
̧Ŀȥ²ʿԶ͵;˵Ӽġ

Ů죬Ҳо١ʹ࣬ȴ
δģҲвЩҵͨ־ԸߡֿƳһǸ죬͸ڷм
㵵¿ԭԥʳ²ʿҵӶ⣿ھҺܻеĸãδע⵽־Ըֵܡ

²ʿЦŵ纰ֵѡһ˳
ҵִ֣֣˭˵Ҳ

˶Ը˳²ʿǣ̾󣬡ûޡ
ֿƳһʱ侹Ҳ˵

鵽ͷٶ˵ʲô޼¡
ֻҺ־ԸǴ޷˺˶ƽƽ



ĩٺĵʮ졣
֪ǵһҺ־ԸǷõӡ

йҪճʱ廹û뿪һ˸緹ŷֱ

ֱǰ彻˽ĹǸ˵ҪЩʲôʵˡ

Цеˣ˵ã˵ټ

Ŀ뿪ǰʵҵıӰ̵ȥҵ·ϣʱ䡣
ϰ˵㡣

Ϊʣ֪ҺĿ־Ըٸ˽⵽ġĩľ顱ԭһ޶

ʮ־Ըߡ
УʶֵܣӴشѧҴǰŮһ

кܶ࣬ʶȴɾǡ

ʳõҵľ벻Զ﹤λʱԪüں˭绰üͷţʱչ˸Ц˵绰֣̾˵бǼ硣ǵ־Ը߷áҺӦ˵úʹ࣬ʹֱġ

ָͬܵˣ곤ŮԵϸ˵иĹ˺û־Ըߣ˵ʹкСࡣ



ҺĿΪ־Ըеһ
֪ǡ澧ҺҲûб״ֻǷʱܵʹࡣѰʹ洦
˽ԼҲ̫˵֮þҺġܡ᲻ǿ
ʹ벻̫⡣ڴǰãʹ˵Ӳʲôѵ¡

˽ģ˽⣬һЩ̹ƽΰҲûʲô˲ԼĲ룬ܸԱǾˡ

ֻǣҪμӣȴûеô򵥡
صı˽ڱΪ־ԸߺҪ۲һʱ䡣ڼ䣬ܳڹλϡ

һΣգѾøʦãյ˲ҵͶʼ
ⲻʵУȴԵĸ״ı֡
ȱϯһܣȷ᲻ԸԪüҲȷ᲻һЩ״ѵ˸ӳ

Ʋɼã뿼֮󣬻Ǿ

ŸԪü̾Ϣϲɫ˼תȻ䣬뵽ʲô㣬Ÿʦ֣૰㣬ǲһ䣺

ͦ˶ܸ˺Ҵһ顣

Ԫü仰˲΢Цϸȷʵϲһ飬ʱܾͦġ

ָ˸գ˵Цʱ򣬺һͺ

Ⱦ
ʶɢ

߱ҡҡͷ˦ӣسԪüЦһ£˳ԵĴ㣬ͷ˵ʦҽ١

ԪüȻôˣ

֮ǰǵһӣμ־ԸĿһϿޱȣǸȻ˵ȥ

ԪüʹشӦ

˵úȥҪڣҲܸ˵㡣

˳ͨҲûеʱ䣬ǰҺĿ־Ըĵص㡣
ڴҴҸİ;У巢˸Ϣ˵ԼҪȥ־Ըǿ

һβġܡľѻᡣ

˵ܹġ̫ȷţǰʵֳ˵⡣
ԵȮͷİãŮͯ򶨸οҲһ֤˵

˴ǰҺ־Ըߣġ⡱ΪǴġЧ

ȶԼġܡаܹ־ԸǷáҺĲʡ
һ˫ȫҶӮҡ

侲岦绰ϸ׷ʱԼ뷨ظ

Ȼڵ绰ĩβе㲻˼죺һΪΪȥ
̫ʵʵ壬˵ֺڣ·ϲ̨棬̫Դס

룺

Ѿߵ־ԸĿص㣬һʱûüظͬŵȴоķˣ̫ˣ𣿡

ĲţСС̾˿ر˵û˵ҶҲҪμĿء

Ǽٻ

õķǵÿһμ⡰ҺĿ־Ըߡ
ֻΪ˺ѣ۵˻ѡ

屻е㺦һޡ
˵ˣҪȥˣڡ뿴ʱ䣬Ѿ˾ŵʮ֡
յ룺еˡ

ãӦü

𿴻õصĹԱҲϳ˷ԼΪɻش˹Ա󣬱׷ȥˡ
صŽȴ־Ը߰ȫѡĿͳһͬڵ⣬һͬйۿ

ǾڸκηáҺܻʹ֡
־ԸҴӦе֪Ȩ

ԸĿ־ԸǣҴѲࡣ

ɨֻˣǵкˮƲ־ԸڷþҺʹధ

ٵػΧһȦڶ̶̼ʮڣ׽ԼҪˡһ

Ů죬ɫ԰ףӣӰ֣Ϸһ
ǰ͸Ŵλϣ۵һϡ

԰һȻ䳯Цһ£ͫ貣žȣĿͣô⣿

ֻ΢Ц˸Ȱĵơ
һЦøˡ

һŴٿ䣬Զһ

ʲôܱˡȵȣ

Ϣд缰ľϵܡ
һƬУ㵵תͷͿǸ䣬ȻƬӯӯ

缰ڵķ䡣
λã缰͸Ŵ

һƬŨص١
ľ

Ȼ£һһ룬һ˲Ϣ͵๾ؿ˽ܰС




39.   39    ĩʮ죺һ

ĩ, Ϊ־Ը߷ˡҺ缰ܱһƬõǽ

ûп
ȷһ㡣

ʱ˿̣ãȻؿŷɫŵСŶĿԱε̾ϢƲס, ǿһ, Ѿȫֲˡ

־𣿡

ȷͬȥĹԱģ

Ļ, ־Ըߵķ䴫ʹŽ, ĵǰһƬ̳ïʢܰĻһʻӰξ

Ϊȷܹ۲־Ըߵ, ÿһŴ͸ġ
һڵŴƽ࣬ؿڷŮٷ·ʶ緢ʲô, ͷͬԱ˵˾ʲôܿ죬ǸԱŴķ뾪ѡ

ͻ¹𣿡

ԱƲĿ⴩ļͷһ㵵ط֣Զķ䡢ǽڡ컨ȿհ֮, ֲռݡ

ҵš
һ

գգ۽ޣڴӳõع
һڵķ䣬һ, ԹԱҴҵӦܱ, û̫⡣
ɫȻ԰׵һһ, üǳǳЦ⣬㳯ۣ˵Ҫġ

һͷĶ, ϳĿͣ
ڼ尾Уɲ֪ΪʲôĴڣоһʯͷء
ػ⡣

ѾûҴѵһڱưܵĩܵů
̰ؼȡ˵⣬Ȼ

ҲͷʲôҪְæ£󲻾ãüͷҴҵرȻ˸ƣʱ뿪

ҩʹɲ಻ӰΣһ亹乣ɫ
һ̵ʹûʱľҡ

Ϣ۾ܵȡ

=
ǡˮϵڷˡҺ󣬴ǰ̫ϵܣ弫ȲʵķӦУЧ
һˮأˮʣµľȫ
ܵ磬ˡ

ڵķ䣬ѾǼֵˮ߶ȣûԱĽס

޷Ƶ磬Чؿסܣڲľʹ־ѯ߹Աʲô

ԱЦţǸڷ־Ըߣܱǿ̫ߡ

ڵķ䣬ĿǰŴʱûа취Žȥ

Ȼʶ缰ܱ

Աףԡ

ľϵܣº޺ֻũҵĿоϰϴæ
ƫƫ缰ġľϵܡΪڳ־ԸУĿԱǴš

ԹԱȶڷ缰ҵܵܣȥô¡

Աԥһ˲ĸ˷һϢõ׼Ĵ𸴺󣬱һȥ

˶ûϵ缰ܱ˵׳

ڵĲ裬ԹҵΪĩǰõַͼҵû̫໨ڵɫĩٺ󣬴æµžˡʡз죬˭Ҳû̫ʱװټˮࡢء

ǰƬƬÿǽ棬컨壬ٵݣŵ̡

ǴϮ̺ĳ
ԼŵĻ㱡

Ҳ١

ͷһأڴͥ£ûԼر˾ֿڡ

߹ԱҲ̫ţ˰ɣ

ֻܱһ䷶Χڡ
缰ȴȻܱͬΣ̺ӿ漰˼ʮ׵ҲֹĿ˼ʱ֣ͼ缰ԼƬչ

ƬŨҰУȻŵĻĴ㣬֮һ

Ŀ˳²ʿֿƳڣƲ۽ô죬缰ͬԱǳˣڡ

Ҳ⡣²ʿͷ컨ϵ٣ѩ׵Ļصζ΢šü֣صͬԱ˵缰־ʱе㲻

֮ǰô˵ţ
ֿƳһĶһʡѾĿ־Ը߷Ϣ

׽˼йؼ
Ȼ󣬿Ц

ǿԽߵˣڷþҺ󣬾Խ׳ܱ޷Ƶܱǣڷó澧ҺʹʷӦҪ߸ֹ

ʶǡ־壬ܱʱĸܣֱ建ڵ״̬ҲѹһΣĳӵŽǿܵ־Ըߣºĸ

²ʿֿƳһۡ

ж˴𰸣ֻܵȴ

һ˲ǰѯˣô졪缰ڵķŴûͬԱһͷʲô¡

²ʿǸ˽˼ûסŴʲôӦʩ

ǡܵľֻ

ûգȻԽ
缰Ų𺦣ǲ׳ȥ

ֿƳǸеԲסûа취£Ҳȷʵǵ󡣡

־Ըǵ磬ֻڣû˲֮㡣
ֻ缰ܱ磬Ч𺳣˵׳Уġ

Ĭ
ʶػΧУƳһϤӰ

Ƿ롣
ֱۣţ䵭ǿС

̫ǰģʵķ롣
ǣźܶ£Ŭף

Ǻܽ²ʿֿƳҲûб̸ܿ˼
ǣΧ˶˹缰һڵԼǿȸߵߣܱʱܻеĲʷӦ

ֿƳ̾Ϣ˵缰ӦǳԼʶͰͬԱƳȥˡ

Сθ˵û񣬡²ʿ˻磬壬ܱһ˲䣬˾ͱ缰ܴ˳ȥ



һ˲ЩЦá
ҵˣǲԸ˺ˣڿܴ˺ΪʱҪԼһӰ쵽硣

սѿ໥ģҲĵԼëϰսǹ£һѡ

缰

Ȼ

ɬЦһ˼ƯתҲͣЪ
Ҳһ˲˷Ĵڡ

ֱӺ²ʿȻԥȷ𣿡

侲صͷ
ָָ࣬ţΪӦ΢ĽƣԼ˿¶ľġ

ҵܻܿڵĴ⡣

Ҫһġܡ

ȴûϵ缰ܱʱ̣˲Ϣ

ֿƳؿǰɤһ¶ϲŵĲԱص˵ͷãûзӦͲҪˡ

˵á
ֱ缰ڵǸ䡣

伸׿ⶼûˡ

ֻһ

ߵűߣ缰㻹š

δ˵꣬һ̣˵ãȻУžવؿˣһϸʵϣڡ

Ȼһ
ˡ




40.   40    ĩʮ죺缰

, ڸԭ͸ĿŴ

ƣڣӦԽһŲľϢĻ

סʲô, ˵ʲôں, һ, 缰ʹ, Ķߡ

롣

ϰߵģյغ, ǡ
ϲ롱Ҳϲ롱, ҲǺ롱

ֻ缰ִţһʼڣʱԶǡ롱
ͬڱ˵ССϰߡ

΢΢䣬һϵ缰Ǳʹ, һãȻĵĿ⿴

ʹ˵
˵˵ţǱ͸һ, һԵ, ֻ, ˵ͬʱûкܽزס, ֻᣬɵ˸Ȧ

ĬĬصͷ
ɵҡһ֦ѾָĦС˷ţҪΪ˴硣

̧̬лԺԵĻãȻûйǣƾ屾ܶʧȥ¡

ɤӣ缰

㡪һԣ侲Ƶأܲɿң

Ļ̫û²鿴ǷˣǷʲô֢״
Ҳ޷ڵ²ġܡЧ

껹ǲһ·ûжһ˵

ֱʵ̲סһֱۣžһر
ֵɿ

أܹڻܱ̣ʲô

컨塢ǽֽɭ̵أ͸Լ̣ǽѩеص׺ڵÿһ
ŴϸźһҶɶι̵ÿһ϶

һƬרעĿ⿴

䣬Ǳһ͸ŴϢĳ
ͷĪ

㿴缰
޺㣬ãȻȴıӦ

Է̽ķһ缰ͼһ˵׺ͫźȸԾ롣

ӲѺ缰˻Ằ֣µ³̾䵥ֻӦٲӦ

룺ҡ

ͫеȥȴûκ

䵭Ƶ

仰ûһװƣˡ
һʶ㱣־ʱȫűжļһһֿֿɰ̬ſϡ

룺

پһǼ˵𣿡

𣿡

ܵıܹס𣿡

ڵһһѯ£ɿҸؿ˸ࡢС
ûвֱ缰ԹԵӦǼ䴫ŨܰζʱȻػܡסڽ׷״֮ʣʸ֮ʢžĻ˲ǣһЩͣһʱ벻ʲôļҾߡ

üͷƣ̾˿

ڵѾסҲǸҾߣֱڵϡ
Сһʾ缰

˵

ڴǰ˶еġ
Ҳ˵һ飬˵ʲôͺܸˡ

벻ȷԼ֮ҪҪ롪ߣ߼У
ҪԳԼġܡǸѵĻᡣ
ʱҲȥƹˤţָվԭص缰˹

ùԵشս
ʹǰչʾǰģȫͬ

缰ѧӣڵϡѾشϱߣܸܵľϵϢ
֦Ҷ߷Χչʾõģ

ٺ缰׽ʱ̡

ԴʶԼǴĩĺ󣬷ûĩеġжʲôͷһһءͶʡĹϵֻΪ˽ܹĩúõȥ
ԭ롻缰ԵȴģƲ󣬲࿴ۡ

ϣ˵һ޷õرͶʡ

ĩУ缰Ů׷һУ԰ʱֿȡзĴڡ
жˡ
׿ԽӢò׵ļҾĩٺ󣬱ǽżͥҲܻùʡ

룬ӦǸߡ
Ůж˵һҪķѾȴ֪ܲߵͶʡ
ѡǣѡ֪ģȶе塣

סе΢ͷ

缰˵ʲô

缰Ŭ˼һӣش

ͷ̾缰ܱȻΪ
ȵѹ֪᲻ǵ÷£᲻߳ԼС㣬һһ۵˵ſЦĻش

ŶҲǳ˷
رܵػӦ

Ŭһ⣬ŬҪôá
ߣű˴ֻ֮ʣʮֵľ룬ºͶص״̬ѽ̡

Ҫλ缰ܱĲʣһʱֺΧĻĲɵ˵źӪճԻڸ֮ʣ̧Ĺ˻ӣʱ㶡

ԭ缰˵ļ϶УٶĬǵΧ
һı֯ë¡ʲôƵüɹϸƷ
һڳ͵ģּݵĹ졣

סĵ£ʶǰӹͷʵ

һѨ

뺮ë׿侲ؿ缰ͷһñʢŭߵʲô

ûа취缰ıеóѶϢûΪĴڶһЩʶǷʼߣܱʹУ緢ʲô
ɻڷ˸ڰȫǣվҪ뿪ƬŵķΧġѨ

һ̡

͵ر缰ס
ģ̺ŴϢ

ָ׼ס

ͷ䵭ŭʹġ
缰ãȻգգۣʧǵأ̽Źѩ׵ֳţɬ˵Ŀǰ˵߳ӡĻ

ǣļҡ
ͱסƯСӡ

ܴϤϤҶƬչڽСӡʱȴȻΥ½㣬Ҫʱ̣֮ʣ͵ظɻ

֪˵ġСӡǲǴѿе֪׼ֻܻʺ¾סСң

Ȼʧ

̼䣬缰ĲԹɫõе˵ķӦ
סһһ

⧲һȣǣʳָؽϡ

롣

ֻһ֣Ī޷ϲá

ָ⣬سԼ֣ʳָµȶ̴档
أһ

缰˱ۣ͵һ䣺Ǹӡ

أ缰Ǳ佱˰㣬üۣڵ֮ļµš
˵ģԡ

ӣ֪һ̵缰ŵģʧȥǵġ
ڿûһл

ڳõ㯣ĽУϤ

˲Ϣ䣬ԭѾͣԾ˵ٶȣճ˵Ĵ֮Уʵʵ˿Ϸɡ

һѨ
С
βơ޷ѡ




41.   41    ĩʮ죺ġ

ĽǶ, ܵ缰ɫ԰ףͫڣãȻôĲˡ
ǵ, һܱ, ʧȥǵĲˡ

ûܹڲµΪ

粻缰, ʶؿԶѾӵڻеķ롣
Ů, һͷ㷢ںڣڼͷ尫, ӵסʱ̣ŽŽļѴ

ض˵üۼǳǳĵ, ĸĺ󱳣ǺС㡣

ûд뱻סʱϸѩ׵ӡǳǳĺۡ
һ𱸵صһۻڻ㱵缰
жԷǸȴڴ˿ǰǴ

Сʱǰ

յѾʱ᲻֢״һϢ
һǵ˵˷
ҾҪ

ļ٣ʲôҲû룬ƲеĹ, ҴҸҺ־ԸĿص㡣

ŴϣֳһƬķ羰, ԰ʦķ깦ĽССء

, 缰ڵǸ䡣
͸ŴѾڸ, ⲿȫ淢ʲôÿһ϶һռ䡣

ҶѩɫС
Ϊеϲ, ֦ҶҡΣš
ҡޱȡ

ͷһûпԼſϼĳ²ʿֿƳΪʲôᷢ£

²ʿϳ壬һ˲䣬Ҳ飬ⲢΪܹƿص

˭ϵֻǿǸ䣬ѯʶԷͱ缰ק˽ȥأ

޷ڲʲô£֪ͷ

ǰʣǿګګԡ
ֿƳǸȻûԤϵ

壬߽Լĵܵ˵˱ǸǶϣ

ĮȻЦһ˲Ķⷺں֮ͫСǣڷǰչʾ˳⣬֮䣬ʧ٣Ϊ̱

˼ҵŮѱ֪ѻǷקߣǸҡҲ

仰˵֪λӦ
ô



̶̵ĳĬܿ죬΢Цţ²ʿֿƳ׵ǸʵںҵŮѡ

Ǳ˴Ψһˡ

Ψһ



²ʿֿƳǲǵƬѾסķݣʵʵѡ޼ƿʩ

ֻ仰ͽԼ˳׳ֱľ硣

岻ɫƽ˵Ҫƿ䡣

û̾˿ͷʾͬ⣺ʲôҪҰæġ

áĮؾܾ

²ʿǣǻܹȷƻЩ᲻־Ըߵвá

ƽľ򶨵һֻۣ׳֣ҵ

ǣûܹܾ˿̵Ҫ

ܿ죬ǰѳϵܻζɵıķâڹ£һţëеĵߡ

šüͷһԹĶ

Ŀ֮£ǰȴżᡢƽ͵ߣŷ֣

룬˵𣿡



ָǿʱĴʹУϵζССģƣ̾Ϣ㵣ˡ

帧ĺ󱳣οûʲôֻ´ãڵʱŰæ𣿡
֪Ըһᣬ̰Ľ̫
̰ͼů⣬ͼ̫ɢԼϵչůá

벻Զ缰ӡ

ǰĻ棬ŭĵ⣬ֱֱ缰

ƿƵţ˵¡

ֲܹ
׼¶ȣлͬʱĶⲨΧ䶳һԭʢʻ˲ưܣΪ˭ܹһŵĴڡ

صһţһѿ̺ۡ

ڽƿҪǰæĽŲ

ˡ

ԼܽҪ

Ҫ

걡۾Ƭ󻬹Īԣ͸˭ҪǰͶ˭
һʱ˶סʱȻͬ˵ԣǰæһȰˡ

һһŮһҡ

˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
˶ӡ
ݾܾ˵ĿǶԷĸ



ſϡ
ǵڣƽȱֱ߽ڡ

ûٿڷκһĻֻ֪Ӻ˶ˡ

룬üͷѹŲõע缰ͬʱע⵽СްŭĿ缰һۡ

е㱵缰ʶɪһ¡

ڰȫ󣬾ͱȶˡ
Цӵסĺţ˵üõϲã޼ǰԴʱĿ̱𺡪ת䣬ʵ̫ԡ

ֿƳǰػѯʷõĻӦûзʲô缰ҽȥľ״ţʱӦûǲ̫á֮󣬾

ʵϣ缰ġܱ״̬ûȫס
ƿţ߳ڣܵıʽ̳ȻǴֲڵÿơ

ҽԱѯ缰״õðſһĻش

ͳ̾˿
ǰס缰塢ߡ

ҽԱѯų

ΪԼļ౯̾־£ϲһݶ
δе̫쵰ˡ

һ̾

ʱ۶嵽־ԸĿص㣬ٵһƿ䣬ŮѷԼ缰ԹԵؽҽԱơ
ǰһСʱʱ䡣

˶ƣ
û⡣

뿿ߣͷţ̡ҽԱܾȣһƿţ̣Сһ˾ˣ׵ġ

ò˹ĵлԷ
ܲ/ƿڣݸ붨ؿӣӹԹԵغ

־ԸĿҪʱʱ׷٣־Ը⼸նܻصԼĹλϡ

Ϊ⣬ҽԱ˵Ϣ뿪
ûѣ˳ƶΪߣůȶظ

ۣ๾ţ̣ϵĺۻӡ

䲻һ䣺Ҫ𣿡

ĴĴָĦλá

š

빾ţëûŨصƣ벻ĳݼ们壬ղҺܺ¡

֪

ס֣ı
ģġ

ȴ÷һ̸ܵů

ġѨ

ڲִ١УãȻӡ

󣬷Ļ

ָգǳǳȣϸ͸̵ģҵİ⣺ûϵء




42.   42    ĩʮ죺Һ͡

ѴӰס, ڰ;ӵͬӻϢ˵ŽڵѯǷпһ
һһظ

ֻʱʾࡣ

ʱڵĻ, ǻ, Ƴɵļʵ, ҴС
˫ֲ嶵, ǰȥ

ڹ㲥곤Ůͳŵ, һһ㱨ܽŽջš

˼žе㲻Ծ
ٶͳֻԼ˽⡢¼µķ빤ʱ, ãȻգգۣûнʵʱ㲥

ʱ֣򼴽°ĵ㣬ԱϰԵػὫһҪϢֲ

µѾ˽λԱճԪü뷽룬ֵʱÿʱ򣬾ͻûػߣزҪϢ
, ԭǷ빤ĵ㣬ȴɸԪüӹ

Ůʿڹ㲥мһ䣬˵һλԱ, ļ١

ְĹ, Ӧûصλϡƫƫĵȴһ, ûеߡ

ɵۣҵͨѶ¼﷽ĺ룬Ƭ, ûóȻϢѯʡ



ӡҺ־ԸĿص뿪ٻصB189ƤǰǰķԼʮʱ䡣

ĹУһֱס֣δɿ
ص189ǰǶ·ϣȻѾܺûˡ

ڸգң𣿡

˼ԼġܡԼһ˴ֲϡ˵꣬һ̣ͷ̽ʣܹ𣿡

ʱڵĻϵͳڲǰͽ
ֹתƵȵȣصֶͨΣϵͳͬá

ڡֹܳԺ˽ｫĻ˺ӡְҵͬܵĻԶԶڻڲõĻ

ûжùĻ֣֪ܻΪһ黻ӶŬճҪѻֵĳҲǽڼ󡪡˵ǾϸӵġСš
嵹ǲĽڼʲôãƽʱһԷʱеִŵصͣŬѡӪȫĲ͵㣬˽Уι

ʾͬʱԻֶԻĴĿ˵ˮн
Ա˲оǮ

Ц˵

뷨ʾΣټƽʱԷĲͣҪгԲģһû˷ѣ˴˶ӣģҲϾ̫ࡣ

š

忴Цһ£ûʲôǰϼδµĻ֡

µĻ֣Ҳֻ˲־ܹ㻻ӵ
Ŷӣ˵һҪʱ䡢ͶʲܵõرĹֻƾܣڶ̶ʱܹԣĻ֡

ûкڹŶӡ
ӷԵȮͷӰ죬ٵκȱϯԻزȺõȵȣᶨڿŶ﹤ֱͨӻӵػȡؼϢ˽֮ʵĿġ

Ĭ֪ڽ𻻷Ϊʲô

缰סCĽη壬ͬʱҲ缰˵ˮ֮ꡣ

á

û˵ǣڼСʱǰӡѨ뿪ǰǰʮӣʹб¶ġ־岻ֻΪ֪ȷʵίǣֵ֮޹ʿ

˵Ҫ缰

ǵڡ

ƽ룬ֻ׷£Լľġ޺Լڡ޹ܺߡľء

ͷʹŨܵں۽ޣڻڵĹҵյ£׵еѩһʱ缰ԹŭϯŬѹסƽľգõһãȻֿɰġŷЦ

ûʲôǻؼҰɡ

ǣ֣189ķȥ

=

ĩٺĵʮ졣

ɺؿ˿ڵ䡪缰һֱûͬסʦ˵缰μˡҺ־ԸĿ
²˵ǣμӺʱĿܸ棬۲ŷúĸ״̬

˼ͦ缰ɼΣԸΪٴߡ

û缰Ĵ塣
ⲻءСΪ˴

ûгԼ˸ССļ٣˸ʱҸ˹㲥зϤգɹͷůġ

븸ĸ˼ӣҶͨѶǰһ䣺ΧҪסµס˰ɣ

˵ǣˣܻܹסģμͻ

ѽζԻƲڶû̫ϣֱB189סӨӨ棬к˵һ䣺Ҫˡ

ڸסеȻ̽Цʣǰᵽµס𣿡

ӨӨͷв᣺ѽҪˡ

˵ʵס˼ȷʵ㣬ǳˣ⣬΢һܶӨӨȻҪ˵أ롢˶Ǹѡǲ֪ߺ189·ʲôӡ

ĬȻӨӨжԷ롢˵
ȼ䣬ܲ³ͬס£δ˵š

ҲȻĽɫסϿǵҪͨȺöࡣ
ӨӨпǧǾҪˡ

ѴӨӨСס˲ٻ
ӱ鿪ʣƽԵܺãټһŲŮŮжܳԵÿ
ӨӨҲûܿ״ѯʱ⣬ֻΪǺʣ޽ĵؽһЩϢ֪

ֱ˷ֵӨӨžе㲻Ծôо˲٣ڻش𣿡

죬ص189ʱ˳֥˵һ䡣

֥ȻģЦһ˵㻰ء



ѣ֥뵽ǰشѧʳͷһʱӢ꣬ڵ£ƲƲ죬ϲ룬أȻû˼

ӨӨһ㣬ʱ
ְֺգǲǱ̫ؼϢˣУҵú롢˵һ

֥ζŵ緽룬绰зẬЦ˵ûϵЩϢ˽ܣϾҲв˶֪ҪB189ߣʣҲϡ档

ӨӨﰲס˵绰

ֻƽذǰĸϣ׼СƬ̡

٣ϰࡣ
Աĵص㣬ʱֻзһˡ

˿ˮû̫׻·ϡ
һϢΣѹԼë̺˳ƽϱߡ׼Ųúʱűõ졣

̧š

뿴һ֮ˡ

ɫ԰ףһ˫ͫ߳һ˲䣬Ǳ˴ļҳ裬ɪһ̡
һӣ˵

Բ𡣡

缰ʧȥ˴ǰе䵭ʱ˿̣Ǹȴ¶η顪һ־£ҧһڣĴ룬ԭµĹ




43.   43    ĩʮ죺Ƿһ

Ԫüʱյϼ֪ͨ, ҪϢҪתԱлڲ㲥

롪
ɫҴңĿбӣҷȥ, δԼ, 㿴ֵϤꡣ

缰ͷ, ״޴վڷǰ

ԪüŲһ, ע⵽˼Ӧһβ֪컹ǲ͵ĶԻϵıƽֱͣǰʱ, ȶְмʺദĳˡ缰, 괹ַӳеĲǣԪüҺ˽⣬˿̵Ӧ缰ʲôԲס¡

ǰһѾ
ȣѸسķʦʲô𣿡

缰ګګҲ
ԪüµϢ, ҪҪڹ㲥֪ͨһ¡

Թ缰ǰ̸, ڶݽ, ˽Ҫݡ

, ǷҪʼæµڹ
缰޷֮ĶԻЩ޵Դ

ãȻشվԪüе㿴, ŽΧ˵仰ʵڲ˽֮䷢ʲô¡˱˴˼䴦ϵ˲廰Ψֶ˵ж˽١
󣬻Ƿ뿪ڣ赭ƽԪüЦʱ˵ûϵ֪㲻ǹġ

缰Ĭؿ
ͷŸᣬǻԼĶ̫

ʦһͲϢ¾ȥæɡ
ԪüȷʵҪҴҿŮһۣɴص뿪δ֮΢ա

νŮʲô־Ϊʲô缰¶ɫ飬ԪüȻк棬ȴҲçײʡֻæµ̲֮࣬סһǲΪ̫ܻӭ缰ֻһڲſ˼շתίɥ֮Ȯ㡣

ĩٺĵʮ졣
ʮһա

յѴ͸ʱڣ洦ɼѾʼϺ޷ǣڹλæµš

ƮƮ˵ԭ¡
ǲˣԼسЦһ̡

ܼ䵭ʱķŭ

缰ǸƱˡشѧʱ⣬ڷʩ֯ҴʱﷱתƵʱغֻصǰѧæʵʱĹ

˵ԭ¡֪ô졣
缰ſڣҲδͬԽ롣

ֱ뽫Ԫü׿ڶҪʱ͵Ϣڹ㲥̧֪ͨûߡ

룺

Ƶü㻹վʲô

缰ܲأشԭԪüٴϵǸ⣬ڴʱ˿̣ҵĹʧ˺
Բ𡣡

Ͽҡŵߣ֮мס⣬Ǹʧȥ־óȻק뷿ڣѨġ缰ȫͬ

һعءòһԽ˹졢ʧǡ
ܹġ

ʱ˿̣缰Ǹ⣬÷벶׽һЩмֵܶδ

ǡǸ⡱

ĩΣ벢̫ӡûнδĽһŮе˼ĸ𣬶˵õѡ

Ǹ⡱ͬ
֮ĿǷҪԡ顱رġ

Ĵ󻷾£ĩǷĽŸӰȡ

ľԣ缰վ

ʧǣΪĵ£䲻˵˵ˣûϵ
㻹Ρ͵ǷһΡлᣬһҪġ

缰ٿȻһЦγﷺĳĶõЦ⡣
ƣ޷ԶУȴ룺ʲôҪأ

缰ûᡣ
ʢĻǿ͸ġ
ƯСҲǱ侫µС

һһ㣬ûκõĻ

׾޶ۣҪĶʲôϲһˣúͿ˴¡

˼ǧϵƣӢԶԶһۣ̲˺ǳį˵á

ǷһΡ

=

ԪüҪϢǰӡ춯ﷱٶȡйء
ȴз˱ӵķܣʡҲвѷɫڴදķ⡣

ǵʳа𣿡

ʵ˸մӹ㲥еõϢһ飬ˡ춯ﷱٶȡ

УγмȫʳС
ԣΪʳԣµʳﴢͬĳҪöࡣ

Ҳжöࡣ

ҵ졣ѾʼŻɫ԰ס

ʱأĿԱǷо춯СĿǸ𡰱󡱵ģȥιһ㱻Ⱥٶȼ죬ĵıˣü춼Բ·

СʱǰڲϢڸʡṩ˵춯ķٶȼ죬Ѿ޵ռƻԵֺ



򵥾ÿһлרڳеġʳСǰоԮרǰʳͱѵȺˣںָõҴ룬Ԯ㼰ʱˣԶƬɲĵش

ֻǵһʳþԮԱ޲ߣǾ͸ԡʳСİС

УǷղϢУ춯ﷱصһС
ݱеıȺ壬Сơ̬֮ڶ̶̼ʮڣԿ˵δüʳֿ⣬վֵġʳֿ⡱Ҳδȫ

ʹݼƻԼǿԡˮࡱֽʵĽģҲֻҪʱܿɸɾ

еҴͬĳҴҪϰٷ֮ʮ塣
Ҳ˵ܻһˣֻܻ°ʮˡ

صľԮѾʡҪźš
е쵼ûа취ŽǰУҪк߽ͨҴǨ˾סĳС



ʵΧͬ밬صѶϢ
ͷ˿մӸԺϽװŵġӡݣű춯ڶ¡µķӰӡ

ƾץıܵóĽ۲ࡣ

ģߴĿ鳤壬һˣҪᣬ
ò뵽Ŀ鳤ϼ֮Ļ飬֪ΪΣ鳤Ǻ
忡һ㶣ʶصͷƺãݱһԣ鳤ȥص㡣


ҪȥԱȥĿǰӵĳп

е쵼ѾǼϵˣúǻǨƴԼǧ˵Сԣǵģ߻ҪԣӦûʲô̫⣬ϵĻ϶ܹʹá

ǲÿһУԱȥ£ҲΪ˹۲صı춯ǵĳָӦԡ

εǰԱҪרҵ֪ʶ˽⣬ͬʱǿȴꡭ

ԸĲߣһڸи

߷·ſеݡ
侲רעȨף˼Ŵ˴εǷڲúְơĿ

һλ
ΪΪ룬Ļ




44.   44    ĩʮ죺ϲ

ܾס޿ռ䱻ռ, ζҪòЩ

һĴϴƣϵİ鳤⣬Сѧ̧̧۾, 侲ЩĮȻص, ˳ƶΪǸ翹, Ŵﶼѡ񡣡

Ŀǰݱ, кѾָҪеҴѾݽճеԸʼתơ

ʱ, ½LEDĻϣظһѧ֮伤۹൱Ƶ

ʷӰ㣬ֻͨӴɡĻ, СڣȫҴ֪ѧߡѧǽ˽⵽ҪϢƵо׼ĵؽ

һеĸҽ곤ŮƵƣ롢º͵ͷǳһ˲, ĪĲ밧˷ü䣬ĩٺڶʱڴ½ͬʱ, 춯ڷܡ

ⳡ֮, ѳΪӮҡ, ҵƱﷱܵҪӰأΪơ
򡪡

ƱҪǵķУϵСǵռ䡣



пƵǶ, ŴĻãȻ

ĩٺĵʮ졣
B189Ƥᵽµ˼䣬ķӵĵ졣

˵ϰص㶼ԶµסﲥңҪСʱʵңҲֻҪʮӡ

ڴǰõסͨ°ͨʱ䲻һСʱ

¼Һ⣬ں󣬾͸߸˵֥ףһڹʳʳȣҸسһССġǨ硱



ͷŸԪüݸĽո
ѵõػĩеľ顣

ʮꡣ
ŴĩٵΣлָڼ䣬ྭѹءµġ춯ﷱܡ롰ʳΣ溦ΣȵȣǺķͼ

УһĿ[ԸǰеĿŶӣ¼ع]

ĩУǱڿϵĵһˡ׿Խ츳ǣԼܹԼĳǿܣռʵݵĵ·ϡ
ʶһ㡣˽ҵ߷չƱٲ뿪ʱءǰȫأжҵӵеִ溽ʲ£ռݣУΪзҩԻ

ǰ죬͸ԼҲҪ뿪أǰĿǰȻġС

ͬľδ¡
ʱᣬϸϸ˵Լڴʱ뿪أϸеԭ˵ǰľ˼

סĵطȫ˼˼䣬ס˵ǷǳԽڻڵĻ֣ɰ˻ϣÿ¶жĻַš

ЦƸ˸ȵֱ

һŵùչ㣬ֱһ

֪¡еȫȶػмȶġ֡ิ˵·вɻȱĹɫ

뿪ʱأĩ漰ݣƫƾߡ
ɴţƽ

á
ͷش

ͬʱռԴЧڻߵĳͨȵȣü׼ĿŶܹ뿪˵صʱ
пɶõǽջȫòĳ塢ͨ·ȫͼһһǣǷͼϿԵóһۣ

潻ͨɲǨתƵΨһͨʽ
ǣҵȫӵеĺʱϼҳΪֿȵĴڡ



ĩٺĵʮ죬Һ־ԸĿʱѾȥ
صλϵ缰һͨ绰绰Ľ״Ρ

һжá缰侲ػظֳͬ״

˶Ǵ˴ΡҺ־ԸĿе־Ըߣʹ尾ܵٶޱϲˡ缰ǡľϵܡ׳۵ѾؿΪֲ׻ġˮϵܡһչһοṩ׵ˮ
㹻ʱвضڻʳˮһṩ뼸ʮ˵

ҺЧۿɼĿѾʵʱʡеľҺоԱ־ڶʱڽ澧ҺپҺʱľʹ

ҲԱ֤˴˴־ԸǵĺӦűڶġҺ־ԸĿ

˵ûеһԸǣû˵ԾԾԡǵĳԣÿӣΪܻ򹤳˾޴ס
ϣǹǻ۵

缰˲ԼľжУֻǴСĸʶ˾

ڽ̸ĩβƽޱȣ䲻˵һ仰ʱҪ뿪أǰĿ顣

ϼǣҪԱļǣǻʱĺ
ڻشϣҲԱļõĸ

缰Ĭһᣬ𣺡֪ˡ

Ǹ𣿡

ܵǱߴ΢̾˵š

²ӦûУ͸¶Ȼ࣬кܳһʱ䣬Ҫʲôϵѣܰæģðһѡ

ν񡱣ǷҪܻŮϵڻϼŵ£ʲô
Ҳսľˣ޶ھڣͬһ鰲չˡⷽӲģԶõĺܣþǺ޺֮ǵǰߡ
һ춯֮սϲڴǰġˡս

缰ֳк룬ȻĹػ֮⡣
֪Ҳû˼

һ

˵绰缰ԲԶũѧؿԱЦһ䣺⼸쿴̫ˣô˻ˣѹ𣿡
һܱĴƬֲ۾ѾΪҴǵġ򿨹۹⡱ص㡣
ˮɫƵĻѵóֵɫʡ

ǵĩǰ˼ЦŵǸص㣬ա¼ſиĻ㣬Ŵӯӯ滺ѹֳ
ν֮١һ׮Ư¡

˶Ϊ缰ܱ䣬ǱĲ
ֻ缰֪ܵıʽɻ䡪ֻΪʢġ

û˵ֻǰس˵ͬ΢Цһ̣ò衣

=

ֱʱúܿ죬еĽǧλҴѾתҡ밬֮ĺ·ܲԣʻɹء

ʱأеҴǡ
һ˷̵ķɻ˴ΣпŶԸĳԱǡڵλԱ˷ɻǰݵġС

Ԫü׼һļڡ
ֱʱࡣ

ҪעⰲȫŶԷ˳شͷؿ

ûдŮһŵǳǼ׽ˣŻе
עûпļˡ
̰ޱȣز׽Ĺػ

֪һļ磬һעⰲȫġ

Ҫƽ

ЦŵͷĹػеҸڡ

˿̲ĩǰҲûʲôĵǻ뿪УǰеĿԱǣڽѷֱ

ʱ˻ذŵĳ
ȥʱ˴롣

սֻյԻڹٷ˺ŷϢʾƣǵеĿԱ塱ļڽʱػرչˡ

ǸмԸΪึĿԱҲԸɿĺܣػǻԱǵļǡ
ʱأȫԸչ׵

ۣһеĽǣڵ֪ԼǡȺġߡʱȻʧΨǳǵģĩľпܲͨҴǵشΣ

ǰУͼ춯ﷱΣյ˻ذŵġԱ

һжõķߡ

ΪԼѡ壬ϣΪŮеҡ

ѡ壬Ȼĩķ
ҲȷʵǺܺáܺõˡ


ѵݣڻµ֪ȫϵĺʲɿɹʹʱ¶һɶ

ӢԸʣŰ˼ܱҲǿ
ôǼ㡢ʺ׷Ķ

ϼҸĸסڼаŵסʱյ಻ͬŮ̽

곤ģҪѽܸԼҺ󱲵ģҲģȶкøе¸Ů

ϼҸĸЦȴûӦ

ѴӻЩ죬סڸĸҸһĻĵ˷ڡ

裬ʲô

üЦеضԸĸʵ

ĸһһ¼ͷһЦ˵쵼˲ٶҿǲҪȥʳõˡ

ţü۸ĸָĵطȻ֣ϳаڷѵõĶ

Ӳ̡ͨơһЩʳƷʳƷḻĩǰ۸Ҳ

ΪʲôҪЩ
ѲһʳʳƷ߶ѯʸĸ

кͼҴǨתƣõǼҵĻͷɻϸƽӦԭ򡣡

ϼҵʲµĺҵṩĻҴ˿ڽЧǨתơϼδȡͨĻҡɴڹġƽ𡱡䡱䱦

ϼҼ󷽵ؽṩĺԴʡҪǡ
ҲΪʲô쵼мǡ

쵼˳ȥοһ¸뿪УǰµĿԱǡ

һᡣ
ʳʳƷĶ˻̽ʰ裺Ҳȥˣ

ϼҸĸѴ֪١롱Ϣ
ǵͷǵġ

֪뿪жԷһѵĻᡣ
ֱеµϣҪ˵ȥǰߡеʱ򣬳룬е㲻̫صΪ

侲طһΪֱ׳룺ϲһˣǴ磬̲סġ
仰ٵ黰

˭ܹסϲһ
˭ܹסϲ˺
ѲʳͷĻңһ飬̵ؽš

ҲС

ĵԺֻһ֣û˵ʲô׷ʣôˣ

ûʲô

Цеض԰ҪҰæˮʲôʳ

ĸǲе΢ʧЦһ˲Լż㿴ûʲôԵĶԼ߳ԡ
ߡ͸ĸѶУԲôࡣ

ӣ곤ֵ߳٩ܲ˼ѵЦţá֪ˡ

ܿ죬ŴС˷ķš
ŵһ˲䣬뿴ϵĶ˺ð죬ãȻ

ѣ𣿡
һӣգգۣġ

̹Ȼ󷽵Цţ˵Щ͸ġ




45.   45    ĩʮ죺·

ٱǰ, ĸ˻Ȩȫת˷롣
ζ˲ȡĻ֣мԣһʿɹճѡ

ԼΪԸμӵĿԱճнյԻ΢Ĺա

ѵ, ڷ˵ǿп޵Ĵڡ
ȱ, ʳû̫, 

ҲҪЩŮ, ʹüۣ˿еĶ, ƽġǧ֮⡱ûоɥЦ, ֵسۣûʲôϲ𣿡

ûСлл㡣



὾꣬мû֮ۡӣѽسòɫԸңǱ׷ϲĶ
㱻ܾ, ԼĴ֮

٣ģڷȻĿ°, ӴСͳһƿͷ

ˮͷ

, üۼ̹, ҵϯ
Ǿɣ˵ţ, ûа㼸ǰֱӾܾʧȻָʵķʽ𣬺ܺóԡ
ܲάC

岻ߣúúչ˺ԼС

۳ŷšüͷҪ˵ܾĻƽȵص·˾Ӳֻǳڡ뿪ѼѺùա

㵡ͷͷһվűߣһڵϡ

Ϊ˵ʱʮ㣬еͰ͡ʱ֪˵ʲôãһ̵طʩЩȫջȥ

״СسգһۣʧĹâһ˲ӹ۽ǡ

Чġ

֪ǸرᡢرõŮ
ܾŮԡͯǹЦ⣬ֻĶ˻ôõֻǴߣ㹻ܶ
û˲ϲһ顣

̶ֻʱ䣬Ƴ˸оǳǳϲáӡ

̾˿
ʵڲԸٿǸӣܻ䲻֣ûմָƽӹ
ǸˮͷĻ䵭裬͸ĳ־档
Ϊգûú

ûһΣҲҪĶҲ벻Ҫҡ

Щں峺ͫĳֿơȻƣ룬´Ρ

´Ρ
ѿֵʱŴСʱɣһֻˮͷû롣
ⲻܺá˵ϼ仰Ѿ

߷ֱǰѻرϿҡеسЦһ£˵ҾסƬסʲôҪæ¡˵ݻģԺæ

񣬷·ֻǴȻѣѿеġ⡱ʺÿʢһֲõýЦʱڡ



Ǵ󣬡ũѧؿԱʾ֭ؿǰ磬ץŸνһʩӺȷʵ棬ǡ̫ˡ

缰ΪľϵߡĿбزٵĹؼ
ܱṩĿеܸӳԣ˴ǰѽеĳЩϿʵ
Ȼ£ʵĽûкܺá
ͬΪǰ֣ʵĿ϶һʵĺ磬һԵ硭ͻΪԭ硢øή

缰Ĭͬǵĵᣬҽѧص鼮

ֱǱ۽󣬼֮࣬Ȼ̧ͷ.һ䣺Ҫܸһ𣿡

ܵıʽһ˽˵
Ԫеġϵȫһ硰ˮϵܡеġˮʽһλͬϵչʾܡˮרҵвҲܷˮʵĲͬ

ˮʳá΢Ԫصĺͬ

ǰôһ仰ûƬͬҶӡ
ڣǻ˵ûȫͬܡ

ľϵߣеֲܹдʹеýҲеġ缰㣬ǿ󣬺Ƹ涼漰ܵ

缰˵ʵ֣µԽ֡缰ũҵչϣṩ»ᳬؼԿԱ

鱻ǲãܿ죬ʵݱؽУ缰ǿܣ¡

°ʱ֣յֳ硣

ȥ˽˵Ҫץ춯оƣǾһĹƣޱȣ㹤𣿡

ãôˣ

ȡ
еɬ˼أǸץռС

Ȼأ
缰ֳδӺζ侲طʡ

㶮ģˣ˿µʱˡ

أɤ˸ȣ쵼֪ʶ룬ңȥ˹·ʡ

缰ס
绹ڵ绰ǵǾǰʶĳɣǰߣҲǰ޶רŰ˼ûǰߵսһչˡ

ߣٱǰк쵼˵Ĺա
ذżõľƽйչ

ڽͨ㣬ռʵĽһֱɢӳСĩǰƽ̨ѾչýȫޱȣбŲŮװװĲֿ⡣ĩٺ󣬼ֶͨΣ˻ϰ壬ͼڽʱｫһɹҴǴŵＯתƵڡ
ŽͨټϽڱ춯ﷱٶרҵǺѳͨһרҵתʵĵ·

󿨡ƤĳѾ׼ãֻһͨ˴ĵ·

ռʵĽһֱѡ
ڻռʵСӲ٣ÿճѰز֣ɢɢϽͨڲ䣬Ҳܰ

չ˿ԱļǼлشӿԱǵǻ󣬾һֱ¡
ǿ˵˵жϣҲֱֳܳضԿԱǵӡ

뷽磬ϼ˸·

缰˵

ҲȺѧ󣬡ֳеƵؿһ֪ʲô·ÿÿģһ·ȥҲеΡ

Ҫ°пգȥһ˰ɡ

νֵܣϾʱ϶Էһ顣

缰˵á
绰ˣ˺þõǻİԾ

ԴϴεǸ缰Ѿչ⾰δ롣

סȵʹüۣҵ򣬴һ£ʲôʽ·

һռʡҲǽհ;ĳѾķϵ̳Ůװרа·

¡޷ë»Χȵȡ

ʱܹůװ

缰ƬϵӻʽϴԵطһóһۣԡ
۹ⲻ̫˵ӵŮװȷʵǾƯ

缰˼άɢ⿪ʼ뵽봩Щʵֵضȹӡ
鲻ԽչЦһ˲



Сϳĩǰȡõ֣缰½סߣһ·̸ֵ࣬Ψеļ䣬Լ۹ʮֲţ⼸᲻᲻ʺ

ҲǸպóʱûиŮͬ־Ȼ·Ҳ󡣡

̾еǳƳϳϵѵõ

缰Ĭ
ֳУǣŷΣܿߵס

һ˫˷
װ˼Ƥִ̫࣬һɨֶܿɫ

ű˲ɫװΣǳƯ
ڴůɫĵƹ⣬мһĸо

š
ſˡ

Ůͷʪķһ̣ĿСƳϣһʱüͷ

ǡ

ϴˮưζܺţǴŵĻһ

˵ȴĪĵͬһֻ˽ŵèëը𣺡Ҳ𣿡




46.   46    ĩʮ죺壬

ֱһ, Լ˾ġ

뿪أ˫˷ֻзһס
ûԽŵ˼վű, Ż, ǽ

Щ·, Ҳ֪ʽʲʺ, һ£ƫͷеĵܵ, üͷһ̧ɫ쵼ùЩġ

Ҫܾ, Ӣٳ΢΢Ц£ȻӦõġ

ңҲǰѡ·˿´¡

ǰǰ˵ô࣬۳ŷ̬ɶҲ˳
캮ض, ƽչǵñů

ܹٷܳĿǡڷ뿴̬ޱϣʵŲεĹػ֮ػһϵеĲ͸, ҪǵġⲻС, , ΪԱӦø

ǿţ˵󣬶һ䣺ţ

ŮԲͫ¶, ڼͷʪδɣмˮ£մʪ졣˵šȴҲû˵˭
óΪãʱСްԲ۾ܿɰըë

ٴע⵽缰е΢

ӵ﷽סٵڣȫ缰˵䡣
к˵á
Ȼƺ«㣬ĬĬؿŷ롣

Ҳƽﱻ˴ĴˣĿ̩Ȼ֮Ρ
ƽҪ˵ǰЦŸм˻ضĹչˡ

һ̣缰΢˼һ룬ܿĥΪʲô˵뿪ص£ʯˮһƬúܶ˰಻ס

̲סֿ˷һۡ
ŮԣԸ񣬻¶֪ôһ㡢ɫĲԱ
ʱصĹҲŻڴ󲿷ְֹľְԱϢ

ϢбĶܸߡ

ıڶõԸټĺÿЦݣ˭ҪΪŮĶ缰ĽһЩսѶŮΪǡ̫ϲŮ

˼תˣ˵ˣ͵ҵҲͽˡ

巽ףòػ֣׼ֱ

ת뿪ʱ뺰һ٣ʸ⡣

ţȻػӦô

֮ǰֻȮйϢ𣿡

ֻġޱ֢״ĶĿǰѰΨһһֻ
ڷ뿪ҽңٽص񣬻صλͺֻȮͷϢ

ŮͯϪѾưŵĿǰڵġ԰

԰һרΪĩٺʧȥĸ˵δ˽İûĿǰģ̫һгǰĩǰġԺƶߡʱϼҲڽ޸ĸĹ¶ʧȥӵĳ֮䡰Ըγɡġϵ

ѯõĻش

ܴһֱҪСߣᵽֻͷʶĵȮͷ¶˼Ц⣬ҲȷʵΪֻȮİ˲иŬҪоֻĿǰû˸ңȮھסڣƽר˿ⷢ⡣

Ϫ԰ѾεĺǽճڿΣڵСиʦǰЩѾ˳ָƽʱ¿κͻȥͷ

ͫ˵ŵʱǺҹеĵյ͸峺

á
ૣЦŶ˵

ҲеˣԼŬܵ϶ϲģȵص˵ͷҪˡ

Ҫ뿪ʱȻһֱƺ«缰վԭأŷ룬˵һ仰

չ˺Լ缰˵ʱһ£󰲾Ĭƽ˵仰ʲôҪæģʱҡ

ûв/֮Ľ

ͻءšһлллĻ

ӦõǺ죬ûþܾ˼·Ȼؾͽ˵ĺ⡣

ɹ˺Щ죬˵¿Ѱǰæѡ缰κþãϣ뷽ٽһЩȴһֱδյԷ

סC05ŵ缰ĳմʵ°·ϣҴסߵ֥ӨӨ
Ů֮ĶԻ

ס·ӣ·˵⣬绹˵Ҫ޿
֪ûУô䣬°ȥûе磬̺ӵĶòˣǿɹġ

Gȵȣˡ

֥ͣ½ŲֻϢܿ죬Ц˵OKˣ˵˸ʶ˵·ܿͽˡ

ĸѰ´ǵķҪǳ˵·⣬ҶԷ𣿡
˵ʶһ繤С㣬֥ӨӨգۣζһֱϲǸ繤Сڻ˵һһԻ

ӨӨĦȭƣ¸߰Ǹð
ԻԻ

ûע⵽Ĵڣ˸߲ҵ뿪Ұ¾ӵķȥ

õĳԻʱ⡣

缰еʧǵվԭء

룺Ҳ޵·

=
ĩٺĵʮ졣
뿪ʱصĵ졣
һԸǰнʵصеĿԱǣʹϰе˻еϡ

ڲңĹæһ룬ͱԪüŻࣺһӶ飬պϣϽȥ˵˵ѵãˡ

Ԫüһ˵꣬Ϳ۾һŨ⶯ʮЦ
ַĵϲãȾе㿪ġ

ȥɣҰʣµĹˣ곤ָ˸ļϵı΢꣬⾰һ׮

ֻߵزҸźõĵط
СزͨƵͨѶ

ʱֻŲصȴǱߵĽͨ

Ҳʱӳ٣ֻźʱʱĵһͨƵͨѶûнͨ

еʧ̾˿Ϣ[źŲ]

ĩٺͨѶһֱԭ󳧵ҴԱǽά
ΪԱȱźǿͬʱ򣬻Ϣӳ١Ϣ޷ĸС⡣

ϢȥûãֻĻͻȻԶԷͨѶ

̵㿪ͨ
ǱҡҡλΣþûм塣

ǰеرԽһļ׶ۿɼްıֲϡ裬Ʋܼ״ưŪһֻǰͷֱߵЩĵطܸؿա

԰忡ӣ߶ͦıǳķۣ͸˹ġ䵭ζһЦˣ۽޵ʹƬ˫ŵ͸һңԶģԱ˷еĵ룬Ϻá

أҲЦ⣬鲻Խۡ

壬Ϻã

ζˡ

ϤλͬԸǰеĿԱǡ
Ҳ׷˻£ǷϢƵͨѶ

岻صһλ
ȴǷġ

һṩķԽҰȺ˵Զ
ɬĳбУƵɵӣЦж֮ʣע⵽˼ֶߡ

һֻצı춯ֱ治ʲô࣬죬룬Ͽҧ˵׺̬֮

뻹ûüС

ںͨѶϹЦ壬ͷҲأֻƫת˸һ䡢ǿע

׾ٵؽֻ춯ﶳԭء
Ȼ󣬺⣬ϰΪؼžͷ˵⼸ú𣿡

áá뿴ôˡ
գŨܽë˧סСŮð˵

㡢Ҳ𣿡

峯Цţ˵ܺã͸ˡ




47.   47    ĩڰʮ죺Ȯġ

ĩٺ, ʱȫҴǶڰͰظϼָʾߡ
߾ʶµĹؼҴߣԣ˻ڵ׳֣ΪĻַشá

ơͳļдѧʦ, ˾ְ, Ȼ, ڲһƬ֮⡣

תƵʱصҴ, ڿټ󡢸ƵıݻʱĿ¶, ૣ¾ûôģԼа˵ĵط
£жԼص㡣
еĳ羰ȵ, ֱʮ𲽿ΪγСеĳеشȻԴḻΪҵΪȫԴУܴʱƵĴ͹ҲеĳУתͳɹӹҵ˳תΪģġл, ṹ˳ڲµķϾɹҲѾá

ֻ֣˵һ㡣

˵ġ
Ϊӵȫķ, ĩٺ, ޱӸõصվԮ̡бϾɵġ͹õءδ, ǡӦĩļ̬ҴпɹϢ֮ء

оԶûмˡ
һȺ԰еҴǣͷһ޴󡢿ɿĻʱ, ʧǵز۽ǵᡣ

ǡʧ硱֮ˡ

Ľɿȫĵطǰĵػõǽķ籩

ڲⴱݸǵ𺳸ǿ

ȻصɫǱģɫģ⡪ײߵĶϣҵյµĹⶼǴ۵İ׹⡣ȥٿʲô֮ɫãȻظӣȥǵס

ǰһתƵеҴǡ
ʱûǰһİˣĿֻ֮ܿʢơ
׵ĺͯЦţڶͯĵط׷֣һͯúصȫĵشΧ߹ĴҲЦ⡣

ˣǺܿһ̣̽ʲô

ǻһģӿʵܱ󣬰ݶɫͰɫʻ羰
ѾΪǻˡ

еҴǵ޷ΣĿʳ

һ̣ƬصĻɫ·ǵ鶼öˡ
Ϊǻڴ󲿷˿ɵԭ֮һϾĺѼõֲۿɣǴӰǨ㣬һ·ϼ֪ɲıֲ·ΪǵΣ

޺ģģÿɫ羰
ûбֲ
Ըǵˡ

ΪԼ뷨ȷġ
ȴûϵڸסʱȫµĹ㲥ʱһöŮů⣬ʶӰ˵

ʮһʮգʮ֣Ƿ룬첥

еļпԱǴһϢصı춯ﷱٶѾԭоڣعϢԻ㱨ҧǻԲڵÿһ仰̲סһǨ㵽еҴǽספŹ㲥豸Աһ仰ӭ԰еͬǣڴ˽ȫسԱǣ˵һӭ

һʱ䣬ٸн˵

ͣ½ŲȺǨԱһһӹ̾˿ЦЦǻᲥԱ

׺йء˵ƽʱԺܶ˵洦

βԱôãƵĴˣʱڣҲ֮ܿ
ĹٷϢеǼࣺܡ

ڲ豸޷óӾ׼ܷ࣬ࡰܡҴǣѡԼд
ڲǰڲԱĻϢǼܡһС֡

ʾǣš׺صܡ

Ǻܿͽ˲Աġܡ֮Ŀǰԣܻ޷̽רҵʲôϡŹֵġܡС
һȻʽڴ󻷾УȻر㡢һ֡

еҴǺ׾ǰλӶԲԱ룬εϲ֮顣
һЦкǼǰУסǽȰʲôźãһȥԸ֮أݴóĹڻᰲŸְλѡ

ЩеҴһ쵽˲ࡣ

ʱڣ/ǣպãֻΪǸѵ̱ʯĽ
Ҳλֽ롱ĲԱǹؼ



ʱؽһǨҴưϡ
ͬʱڸ𡰾ҺĿֿƳ²ʿҲʼ˵ڶ־ԸĿ

ڵһ־Ըٴ󲻾ãյԴоԮĵķڵҺļʱʹѾ˰취ֻ顣

£ϢͨûκһʡеĿԱǲ˽˶оĽ㱨֪ͬС
мʱ汾ġҺ䷽£ڶ־ԸǷú󣬾ʹȸѾᡣ

뱨˵־ԸĿ

ǰϦ˽ε־ԸĿܻӰ쵽ݣǷܹУ

ֱĿĸֿƳѯǷڷþҺصλϡ
ֿƳҲǼˡ
ǰһ־ԸĿӣ̼ġҪ룬һʱ仹е벻ȷҪμ𣿡

šŮеļᶨֿƳ滺üۣ֪ԱĹԣֻܵԱĹ
һǸԪüŮʿǰķ롣

뻹Ҫ㣬ġܡʾǡ׺ڸ涼á
ְʱܿûҴ

ֿƳ˼죺ǵϻصһεͬԱʱصλϣʱͬ㡣

ͷ˵á

ҺĿľڰ֮пźʱ֪塣
ûжıʲô

ʹڰ£ܲ³˴αĿġ

һأΪ˲ԼܶԷþҺڸáʹ״̬ȺЧ
⣬ûصóۡ

һΣΪ˿ҺúǷд

ڴܱʽҲҲ͸óءġܡʲô

滺ˡ
ֻǷеıʽ֮һ
ֱܲڴˡ

Ҳ뷨
Ϊ־ԸߣŮһĹչ£һֻġҺ

ʳ븹
ûܵʹࡣ

ãȻؿ˿еĿչܣٵһ
գգۣ񡭡Ǻʹ

һס֡
ָůȻ

һǵһ־Ըߣ˽Ϊ־Ը߿ܻеķӦʱʹȫ˲š
ٴ飬ûǰһʱ룬һʹ졣

ֱĵ΢ЦĵؿɳĮ޵ˣ峺ȪˮУģҲͲôʹˡ

һؿϵı飬һһ㱣е㲻ţСǲڵİ汾Ѿȫʹࣿ

ǲƭ˵ġ
ټǿˣʹҲ亹ָв

ȫȻûЩ֡

һҲе㻳ɣ֣ŷƼů⡪ϸģκβ֢״ķӦ
һֻҪȿյľҺȥؿ˿²Һζ

ڣնȴֲʧɻǾҺ

Ŵ⣬۲ֿƳ²ʿҲˡͷķһƬɣΧԷ°汾Һδʹȴɫ԰׵־Ըǿȫͬ
δЩ̫ˡ



ҺУ˷²ʿҲһͷˮǽӵǼڲᣬԱ㽫о

þҺصλһͬ졣
ûԼġ֮ڷ˾Һʲô仯£ٴ˼ĩеľ顪롻ӵ

᲻ܼ豸⣬˵ӵһسΪ쳣ġϢ

ҹʱ֣շת࣬Ŀޡ
ЩЮŲ˽ֶû¶

ԸΪȺͻĴڣνԼûСܡ£Ҳܸ硣

ǣУǸš׺ڲλϷⷢȵˡ

ĩٺĵڰʮ졣
롰ҺĿĵ졣

ڲְ󲻾ãδһһȥʳóԷյһϢ

룬п𣿡ͳкżŭнŶͯĿȮ͵ĵпյĻ鷳סһˡ

㶡
µ㿪ϢֱеĶͯʶСϪ
ǵ͵͵ȮڵȮͷ

̻ظϹȥ

һ̧̧üôˣ

˵£ȥ뵽˵ģȮͷھסר˿Ϣӹ಻õͷҲ˵䵭Ӧǡ˶ֻȮ뷨

δб֢״ͯĩʮĵȮͷ
ǼĿǰҵΨһһֻϡĶ
Ĵڣúܶ˴ͼʵеó硰춯ͬࡣ

ĹϵһԱ֮
еȻϲﵱĻ顣
еȻĩٺ󣬸ǽС

ԱҲ൱ĺȺֻڴǰȮͷ֮£ܶ˶Щͷ

Ϊ˰õȮŮͯ˲иŬ
ͼԵʵˣȮδ̫仯ûȮ͵ĹǽڡȮĹצȣĩٺ󣬶һȮŮͯã˵޷

ңȮͷƳĩǰˮƽĸ̡

಻ܹԸ߸ϵݣͼ/ֻĵȮΪʵƷ



°ص㵽סȫֱ̾˲ԶϪ§ŵȮĲӣ޵Ứļ֮⣬䵭ˡ˿

һػ֣ʣҪһȥ𣿡

ҡҡͷС˵㲻ʶֻܻ㡣

һ֣ŷǰȥһǰؽġ

ΪԹߣܲ³Χ˵˼ΡоԱƣ䵭ؽֻȮĹȻѾ޵ñŮͯ

һ˼ΪףĴڣҲеı춯

ֻĹȨϪ˭ûȨĹ

һƬУ뵽ĩУڶзα춯ֲҩḶ́[Ŷڱ֤ʵ鶯ﰲȫԵǰ£ʵ鶯ϣȡоֵĿ塭]

ʵ鶯ָǰȮһδб֢״

еġŶӡŶӡ
֪ĩиϸڣ˽壬ֱҪ󽫵ȮȨתǣʵĿԱ

иã͵ֶοԽн档
Ⱥˣȴ÷˼ȥ

ߵĶ߽Ȯָ˸ڿϪ⣬ˡ

Ϫʵ̧ͷһؽ䱸ضҲҪͷ𣿡

˵еˡ
ִģС˵ǵġ

½ͯ޼ɣֻȻҲʧȮز㣬ת䣬ŮУ

յٵϢǣܰسЦһ£˵һ¿ξܹûгԷǲǣ

Ȯһ͵͵
ͬ

Ϫֱ˲ۣ˵˾䡰Բ𡱡

ţһûгԷڵȮëϣʪһ룬ҪҵĹôأ
ް취
׵ĺֻܿſ

ϪСسҭҪǵʱûзվͺˡҺͷһֱһ˭Ƿֿ

Ϊеѹ
۽ޣŵȮ㷢ֿ˿Ϫ۵
ǵھغͶԷ档

յϼ˼ߣ

˿˸ǣܿ죬ӦҪݣҲϱˡ

̫ЩԱϱ̣룬ƽûյ֪ͨǲܴϪĲƲ
Ҳ֧ǵ

ָ˸ȮĶ䣬ˡ
һתȻ֣¸ޱȵģ˭ҪֻȻ͵͵ġв
űǵ˼ǰҲҶǰȮϪ

ıֱͦͣ΢΢ڵȮ˵˼仰

Ϊǲ޷ӿзֱԵȮ˵ʲô

ȮӹһĹ⡣
ɵſ˵ϣβͺ˦

üͷʷ˵ʲôϧô࣬öʣֻ¡

Ҳսֻ̫СĿͬ顣
⼸λǰĿԱӼۣڰݡ
ŵȮ˵ʲôζҵԱı飿ǵԶ۸ڶԽУ

֪ݡ

ǰһλ˵ǻ֤ϣʱҪǡ

ⶼΪ˿ס

룺ŮͯΨһ˶ߣδ̫顣
ͬǵ

һȮȮжȺ˵Ĳ

ϪѾٿˡ
ߺزᣬĬĬʣıС˵Ļ

ȮԴ͸ڷϥϡ
ǳ׽

̾ǰ뷽״˵ӿԱǻǿɡ

۾˵

֮ԾʶһȺºרǣǵͳһδб֢״ĶҲֹһлͷ

ºרǵĿͬ
ĵСŮΨһͽʵأ

Ϫʪб

ĬؿһǣЦһ£˵ºרǶ𣿡
ţȺǿɵĶࡣ

ҶأֲǱˡ

Ĳɵ

˼

ϣ׼ȥ󷽿õĵȮͷ

ݵȮƤţȴûڳĽӰ

סˡ
ãȻУ뵽˷Ȯ߸Ķ



Ȯͷʧ٣ǣգûڲϢԱ
û˵ԼĻɡ

Ĭ侲Թ̬ķչһԲ

ĵȴĳϣõġ
Ϊպ󣬱ܿͷ뿪صĵȮͷһںƺƵĶ

ǵģûб֢״ģĶ




48.   48    ĩڰʮ죺ѵԱ

ȮʧĪ, ˡδб֢״Ȯӵų̣ñܿͷټʧӰ١

ȮĹƵЯһڽ, δб֢״Ķǡ
è, мֻĩǰΪݵĶ, ǻվ, ̬״͵úŵ, һƬɳ

УȮġ

пһĻǣɴ, 񼤵ʲô

ǴޱȣǰشŵľǳеǳȺӵĶǡ

̤һ˵ľΡ
ϤĶ˳ǵĹâŻصĴš

Ϥèè˳ëɰĶ䣻͵͵Ȯ, ŵèһƥСųëűӺܲõػΧûа, ׽, Ѵĺʢ, ôô

شţμ
ԶȺ, һǾǡ

ҴҸʱͿһĻĿɨݵһԼʮֻȮֻèֻҶ죬һֻС

Ϊ׵ĵȮͷβɨأؽһ
㶵ӡ

ֽһ

Լ´̧̽еֻ绰

Ȯѵÿأֽһ

֣뷢Ϣ
ºеǲʱʲôݡңͻŵ֡
Ӱ⣬˵ܿſڡ

ʱԽһЩϤס֣˼λʱصϼ⣬мѣǾѵԱ

ʱʶȮͷӶٵĶȮ
ٶŲת

ϡչ£ȮëңźϣŴһ˺ܳʱıۣеſڵϡ
ߣ߸ͬȮ࣬طֱǸԵࡣ

Ȯŵ˹ȮűȮȵȡ

רҵѵȮ࣬ȻͬŲβʡ̬
Ŀ⾼֫޳̬ڸרҵеְı졣



һλ곤ѵԱڿſڵȺ˲䣬Ѿԭأþ˵
нʪ˳ʪȻϲѿ



𣿡

ƲԱߵǰΣҪ֣ͬǰߣڻⲿչ¡̫ˣµĹâȺԶĶĵһŨõͻϸ֡

ֻںë䣬ÿȮ͵͵ؽһ
վԭѵԱСʱʶƽʱѵĶ



ȮУǾѵóĳɹ̧Ľţָ׷곤ѵԱĽűߣ˿ûǣȮɹ˳ذѵԱȱߡͫںڣûκα춯ɺ죬ǺմȾĩٺİ粨
ɿĬѵԱĺӡ

곤ѵԱѾϲȫ˵ڵϣз

ҵ죬㻹š

ڶ̶ʱڣѾѵԱֱЩȮϤס
ڼ̵ԥǵľϲ£ǰӵסǾΥѵȮ

ϸ˼Ц⡣
ߵߣЦ˵٣ˮ𣿡

ͷѾƵ˹
һƬϲõ껭Уڣ̫ˣβ˦ţͷҪˮȡ

ʹܡ
ˮͷڴڵغˮȷȷʵʵۻˡ

ȱʮ˦˦βͣؿ롣

û˵һ䣺̫ˡ

鲻ԽؿעӣǣһĨЦϣ·˵Ļ㣬ƽ˵ʵֻԶѡ

ĴֻǸһ

ԼԼУµһ㷽ڵȮ˵ʲô

ڻϼǿżλѵԱαȮʱȺвǿɿԱõϢҴҸϾǾϲڿôδĶʱĿֻ¶Խץʵҽо/

ûζʼѵԱǵ

üĽвá
ʼǣȮͷһ˲δĶǲǸȺǿɸĻ᣿˳µץҪĶʵң

Ҫ侲ˡ
ŵȮĶ䣬˵Ϫ̬ŵһǾټ档
ͷ˦ŴβֵͣطȮ

̬ʼչȴο

ȺǿɵĿԱֱϼ˼Ͻ

պֻôֻûбĶǲܷŹᣬʵľʵ顣

ϼ쵼Ƕһۣûиȷ˵
ǶǹٷϵеˣмλǾϵͳڵ쵼

Ǳں;ñطľȮȮѵԱߵĽ̸Ҳû룬곤ǸѵԱ§˦һ仰Ҳ롣

˷ĻӦѵԱǶǰȺԱĲ뷴С

ҵĹȥʵңʹҵ𣿡
ȥ%&amp;*//үģ



ڴʱŻַ
ǰϪȮͷԮĽĺĺͷЩաǿɵĿԱҪͷߣлᣬֻҪһʱ죬ܴԸ
˵ֻϪ͵Ȯ



ʹüۣǰԵͷ
ʱȫûԼĻܱⲢá벻ΪԼӵʲôơʿṫ붯ｻ
ֻʶأͷᣬĿǰΣ
ͷǳԼ򵥵طף

ҵ࣬ڻҴǵġδ춯Ըǰ£ǴػأȮͷϪͲΪ˼⡢ʸ֮Ĵڡ

ҪǡڻҴߡĶĿҲܼ򵥡

ĩ٣ȫϣƶеġɡ롰¡ɽȫ

ڸ˲Ʋ

ĩǰĩ󣬶û˿Ըıԭ
Ҫͷġδ춯ֻҪģܹɢڻڱ۽еע
ͬʱţºɿԱҲ᲻˷ɣץ߶ʵ顣

̫ŵùȺǿɿԱһ뵽ʵҹݣǵĶӱ£ǵһйò

ˣȮͷ̣Լڻⰲȫͬʱһص㣺Щδ춯Ӹ£ΪǣⲶ׽ʵڵĴڡ

ҲҳϣŶơɸģĩµĮȻ

ڲҵĹУͨĸϢ˽⵽˵ĩٺ󣬼оȮ
ѵԱǵıУҲϸ˵ĹȮȷѱȮӣԲӦеܺ͡

ĩٺδ졢˱ȴǰ̵ĶǣѡټҲ˵ǵ̳ǰ
Ʋ⣬ǵʱ̫⡣

ĩ٣ֲǴƣмٲδ֢״

Ļ̻̣ণ˲ľԱܺ󣬼ɱӵ˸̵Ķǣ£ԸͷηűΪѺá಻׵ɱ

ǣֱȶǲԸĩѵľУ̽צ



ȮͷȺδб֢״ĶǣȻǾ̽ؽϵһȺ塣

ǵ̽ûа׷ѡ

һڶУ˱ϳĹȮ⣬мݡè䡢СЩĹȨʱȷϣ̶ʱڣҲûҵԭеˡ

ѵԱǵһ£ǾȺǿɿԱһ

ԣ⼸ֻè졢ȷʵûҵˣѵԱ˳Χϵıһ̲ĵĿԱһЦûϵ𡣡

ǻﲻѰװҼǶҼҲϰɣ

ѵԱر򶨣Ĭؿ룺ͬ־ʱ鷳ǻع㲥ﺰȺǧ浽ǻأΪҼˡ
仰һ±ǣúӵµ档

һֻë˳ĳè䣬ؽ

пһĻǶ˼ǡӵ˺ܸߵ̰ɣ

Ц⣬˵ͷһġ

ѵԱͷǶϲõ¹Ķʲô

ֻȮѵԱĲֽצӴϥϡ

һáĻ档
˭ûڣþñط붯ڴ˿̷ֱ

ԵȮͷĵ͵ãһȥҰҲء

شſڵģķ⣬ؼԵĻ쵼λѵԱԼǰ֮ƵǿɿԱǡ

ģһĿȻ

άȮѵԱǣھϵͳڵ쵼ǣԼźϽץȥʵĿԱǡ

ĵ·ֱۣһӵ⼸쵼㺰𣿡

۵سЦ
ȻССءꡱһ¡

ܡ

㶵ؿغ
ʱ䣬Ϊϣɿؽ̬չΪ£ϲּԼĪֻȺǿɲˬĳ档

˲䣬׺ܹЧõȮͷƴ

²ֹڴˡ
ӹһͷŵ룺

ǡҪʲô͵õʲô




49.   49    ĩڰʮ죺硭

ĩٺĵڰʮ졣
ĵҺ־ԸĿ, չ۲ʱѾȥһҲʱʱ档ʱڷסµ˷㹻ڳһŮͬͬס

־ԸǵݶҪ㱨ҺĿ顣
, һ, ûгʲôϵСë, ճϰ, ȴΪȮϪǣһٵʱ, ڻشſֱյĵȮͷٶ֮⡭

ûʲô·

þҺڷӵСܡҡΡ˵, һѿЧĳԡ

һͬϢƽĿ鸺˺Цһ䣺𣿡

˼һСᣬҡҡͷⲢǷϡ
˵Ҳ֪

ͫǳǳЦ⣬񾲵, ҵͺ֡

һ֮ͬصͷ, ϲ˵ҼΨһһ, ܵڡ׺ϵˡ
⡰׺, Χ˴˼ʵĸо

һ޴ţܿĹؼϼƱҲкܶ۹ĲԱ룬β, ش򡢻ӰжҪǶ

ϸˮº㣬ʱصĸˮڸ£ǿúϲ顣

ʱ룬֪ԼĴô
һסȴ޷Ưµϵõ𰸡ȶᣬ˭˶Ҫ̲סΪǣǣͰҲۡ

һ飬ܱȶƫִˣǼ̶Ʋ˸ӡ

չ۲

һʰҪ뿪ԭסھסڣҪתƣշˡ
֪ôģһмֲᡣԼڰĶװãϸѩ׵ָһһع

һ仰˼ѿڶ
룬ԺǳԼ𣿡

̧
ٿ䣬չЦˣð

ûΪʲôͻȻðôһ仰ȻеССꡢССʾ䡣

ʣԣǳ˽õǡ

ֻޱ򶨵ػ֡
һ˲䰲

ʧȥеѣȴĩʶůŮĴڣɡư㱻ɢ峺ĺ⡣

ᾯٱǰ˷һůӵ˷һЩְҵԴǿͬŮԵ͡ıϢ࣬Ц壬ʱһĺܿġ

ͬػشҲǡ



һ뿪˷ζŽʱճҪָ°Ľࡣ

ʰڣΧŷڵСС̨

Ѿʼ𲽽ˮ͵ĶΪʼ̡ɫ͸Ĳ

½סʩʱأеһش

ķϷһƬװûõ͸ʱ֣캮ضϡ͸ڵĹâɲãŪŷڴ̨ϵСӣڷǽڴһƬССĲʺ硣

뿴һСʺΣͳֻգꡣ
¼һ̵Ҹʱ⡣

ȻСʺƬԶڰУûй塣

ûκֻ֣С¼壬еϻճƬ͡
ϢкܶźʱƬ

вֵرԽȱȻ
ĳ찬˴꣬ܵУһ硣
һֲ￪ĻȻҶƬܳӴ󣬿ɻȴѤ

ܣ΢СƬ



ѵԱһԷڽż⣬ŲԶȺĶǣϴ˵Ц⡣
곤ѵԱ©

Ȯ̵˦βͣǵķ׼ؽס˴⡣

ΪĩǰǾΥѵȮϸ򡪡ҪǱͷҪϼ䣺ⲻҳ裬ôķʽ
ʱ⣬ĩٺҲû˭ǳ⼸Ϲ桪ϾȮϵó粻ͬ
ѾǴǰǰ򵥵ġȮ

곤ѵԱοЦˡ
˵֮ǰǷԸߡִһ鹤Ȯ

¿еʳŶѵԱȸĿ佱ҲסЦһ̡
ܿ죬Ⱥǣûʲô尲ţ

곤ѵԱŷ侲ؿЩȺѵԱһ±ġδ춯ƽ˵ǲܰһӿԱˡ

ĩ٣˿ѧҲӭһϴơ
ȺǿɡԱǣⲻǱҪȺδ춯ɹǧʷͼ

Ȼ뷨ѵԱȫվĽǶƲ⡣
ϣĶȺǿɿԱ

ϾӲԼϣ˭ʹ

ȺȮϻûȺ춯Ŀɲ̬ҪǴʵңһ˵ʲô˺ǵ£Ǿ׷Īʹ

ĩʧȥ̫ණ
£ԼӡĹȺԱС

̸Ŀռ䣬ѵԱǶ֪ǵĴڿзΣҩǡڲܱ֤ǰȫԵǰ£Ҿ˴ǡ

˿ͷ𣺡ţܺá

ѵԱϺӹһ˿Ĺ⣬ڷüָָԶͬ־ˡ

ʶתͷҲһ̣ѵԱıʲô

һʱ䣬Цãů

ĵ͹ˮžҡ

սţƫƫǡ׺ʢΧһȦĶǶޱȵز

ǸҵԼ˵Сס
ջҧһĺ̵ܲ̽
͸ں峺ϷϸϸܡƯŨĽëһòСĿ֮£ӣö

кһ

ãȻؿһĻΧѵԱЦ⣬ףûҪ˹ô㰡

Ҳ֣С׵顣

һεسǿѵԱֺǺǵؿ֣һЦ˵ոС˷˸Ϣ˵ʲôģ⼸³ˣǰĿòˣõһٶ

ޱȵطһ

˦˦ƯëڵִԱߵһֻƻûԣ˷



̫ϲˣǰɣ곤ѵԱ۵д˵㳤οĸп׺̫ˡ

ĬĬصͷͣǰĺá

ע⵽뿴͸΢Ц⣬ףܿ죬־ȺĶȺС




50.   50    ĩھʮ죺顭

֮ĺ, ̽⡢ݷͬʱ˱ȺɱߵİȫԴߡ
Ȼɻ, һԼĹ

ĩǰ, ô˵ɻȫĽͨߡ, Ҫɻơ, ٵӪÿһУҪĸǿȸ, о׼飬֤ɻİȫԣʺɵҪ󡣳֮, ɻİȫУҪгĺơ

ڸ߿շУҪָ̨ӷɻ䣬ͬʱָӷɻڸ߿еֹɻ潻ͨʩײȡ

ĩٺ˿ڴȽͣиְҵȱڡҵҲˡ
ɻѾȫĽͨߡ

ѴӸĸе֪, ȫ£ȶṩ̨ģҲʮڽΪĳСǵ̬ȱϽ, ֻ, µ, ÿһκճУǷԱ˿ǱšҲͷ

ϸƽصҺ赱ʱ˵һзˣƣЦһ, º룬µġ
Ϊ˼ΨһĶӣԴзУɻ

ϼҸĸĩ״κշеͨˡ
ԳɼΡ

Ѱ˵
ĸ΢Цǵĳõģ֮󣬷ɻʹƵˣееļߣҲ㲻ǵŬ

ΪҵȨˣϰԸȶΪ黪սͨˡ
ĳ̶ֳϣҲǸһ衣

֮󣬸ĸֽԼµĺչ̶ʲ޳ؽʹã˵еĽͨ

ѳĬΣԸĸ֮𣿡
̧̧üӣ𣺡

ĸ³жͷһʱ䣬ǳ˸ڣڵ㹻ú

Цһ¡
еԼıǼ⣬¶ŵ緢һأҵܲܳǵϱң֮ǰù׼֤ԭƻҲǱҵǼҹ˾﹤

ֻĩ˶Խļƻ

׳ĸɲ
ɵۣ֣ԵĻ鷳㰲żоĻң

ϸ̧ۣϵļᶨƣ΢̾ȴҲûоܾ
ֻƽصͷá

кҵѣĩٺĵھʮ죬븸ĸø̸ڶ̶ʱڣ֮ҵĿꡣ

ۣ뷽˽⵽ĩľһ

ӵлϵܵжѣܷ˾̾ǿͬʱĩǰרҵ֪ʶʮͷ㿪ʼӾʮϻѧϰʵ٣Ա㽫С



ʱأÿܵĺ߽ˡ
Ѽÿһ缢ƿʵشÿһ˷мȡõ֪ʶǰڹȡ׼֤ʱġþ顱ĩǰ󣬺շпܻᷢȻͬ
ǰӵеĶ·̨ͨѶ֤հǫ̈̄٣ζźշиƾԷԱǵϵ飬ԼעںշѧӦļį

ˣп©ıΣҪԱǾ۾񣬱ֺ¹ʡ

ÿ˵ĺߣʱС˽˷ɻʱͻ˷ɻ߷ĿĲͬǰпΪ˴ʡеĹؼרң߿ҪԿʹõĹԴ

ѳ䣬ҴǶѾתƵС
½пŶӣҲʮٺ󲻾ã̹

оĻһͬ˴˴κ࣬ɻδ䰬ʱ㱻·ĳгס

ԾͼѽеĽ£ࡣҲڼлڣشLEDĻϣʡе鱨ΪһݵĳУͼϵĻѾʮֿɲ

ٴ˵أܸ֪ԶԶͼ𺳡

ʧȥĳС
Ʋϡ裬ֱ䣬ȴů⡣
·Ĵòž޴Ҷ֦⣬ɼлӴдһŵӰɭܣ·Ƭ

ԸоϻĬ
ذл

һɳУɻھδɵĵ滬ĺۡ

ϻȻ˵ȥɹ£ڵȫͬ

ĬȻԣȫȫ֪˵ЩʲôشѧתƵʱأγ񣬼еصҲδ⡪仰˵еǱаȫȶʱء軵˵ĺӡ

ʱڵҴǶ̫ˡ
롣

һ˺շУߵǼе˵ĿԱǣɻغ󲻾ãɳƽϢմſûпճʾһпԱ߽˲ڡ

ݵͣЪ񺽿ͻУһһλһλʻ
ѱǳеšʻְλ

ʱרעغУҪϢʱ̣ڹ㲥֪ͨϻ˿ͣڰСʱɻصС

ɻɵרҵԱȼϣȷس̳ԣ
˴֪İϢ

Ǽе˵ŵ˳Ը꣬ϻڵڸũҵȺרҲʵﵷµ磬Ҫ˳Ļû۾ܳµˡ

Ѵǰ࣬ɱ˱춯Щ춯ʬĴɻר˸𡪡ƩõƤë˵ȵȡ
ĩٺĵھʮ죬ʳ⣬䲻ؾ뵽˻ȶṩʳһʱҲЩԻ곤ߣڶﶼˣǳԵⶼģ

춯ǷʳãĿǰûиۡݷΣҲû˵ҳԡ

𣺡ǶƷ
ʳԴгͨĶƷмͶ⣬ֶб÷ϵԶɷ鷢硣

ɶʽҲ̫곤һۣ˶ˣʲô߿Ƽ缼ʵڲͨΪдͶ⣬ͷ⣬ڴһܳԵõ⡣
оǡ

һЩţԴ˱ᾭ࣬ˮ˽Ҳ֣ƻģ࣬ƽʱгϳԵĹǼǰժ˷ŵġ

ǻиˮתҵһ˼Ӧ洫׵ܣԷȤźӶ׵ģһѣȫܣͨ˵磬Ѷסˣֱרǡٸ˵мǧĹ
ڣﻹ˺Щ˰ȥά⡣
˵һӶǴ󹦳

߲ˮʲôģܳԵģҲסĶ⡣˷Ųסʹʲ⣬ʲôкܲģܷ⣬ָպסûãǾܳϡ

㷢ûȱԵġ

ĬĬ˵ͷ
Լµ˴𰸡

ţƷбڣ߹£Ծˡ
ϻ֪ϲЦһأĲ࣬ʳʵڹ֡

ŲסĶƷ͵øϿԡ
͸°һزסǾӰɡ
ϻΣ

һ׮˽İԣֱϢеıЩ˵ŷɻĻõس

ܿ죬ִзеʱ䡣㲥֪ͨϵ̨кչơ
ȴƽ̡
ȫ̳СʱУ湤ʳֵļ϶ѴӼʻ߳˿ڳ˿λ

ϣʱһµٶȼ档
ûе⡣òƵص˵ͷ֮ͨʺá

ֻǶ̶һ˲ʾ⣬͹ؿ˴η̻صеĿԱȺУԼΪ׵˼
һֱ񣬺ٳ

صʻڣϻִ˵̨˽ȵȡ

ϢԲУûпĬĬѧϰ곤ߵĶ꾭顢׻׻̻塣

ɻ˳ؼл
һƽȰȫķУϻ˿ƫͷȥЦһЦʹǻصĿԱ˳ˡ
ǰĲƴڻģûƳ㲻

ֱȫء
ͷĺ乻䡣

пԱǵӰɳȥҲȺпĸĸÿһ˳У趼ڻȴƽ

غһ

գ

רҵԱطɻάͲϻĹΧڡ󲽵ǰӵס˵ȴܾõĸĸ

֮ңܰӵ֮࣬Ƴ»ֱķλ

Цűסǰ꣬ͣ
Ŀ⣬Ĵ磬֮

ĸײĲɣֱҪ֯𣿡

ĩǰ۵ĸˣȦֳԷ罻Ļ
ĩٺ罻ࡣ

ѻûش𣬱ĸ״ζ˵ġȷָĶǡ롱ǡ塱
һ룬Ļ˲ͼ

ڻﶼӣĸԼЦˣĵδٲ˱˴˰Ѷ·

ѼĬ
ȷʵѾһûкͷ򽻵

ĸ׵˼Ҳԣ׷û׷룬ССϵҲҪάֺùϵ

Ȧڣٺ졢ʱ᳹ĸ֮һ
˽ദΣ湦ãָҪԷæʱ̡

ĩٺȨϴƣ˿Ŷǿܴ׶ϲ㡣
˵һŸļŵǿܡ

ȨϴƵľ£߸ͽҲռҪϯλ˽ãȻѡ

˵ͷȴܾĸ׵İֻ˵գʱһһЩѡ

Զ岻֪˵ʲôЦ˷롣
öĵسۣȸԾɵȾΧҲˡ

һĿԱ٩ļͷ
⼸λҲΧƹһ׽شߣЦź롰ɩӡ
ۿɱ棬֧µĿŶżҪĵλ

˽شѧԶ缰һרҵѧŴϻͷԵꡣ

ҵɾˡ
ɹԣŸʱ׷Ķ󣬴Ӷɾͻ齨ͥ

Ѵ˴û߹ǣΪ˲ԸĸϱӣžҪͶա

кɫľϵũѧҵⷢȵ缰ǳƶͷԴϻۣѽĿڣδڵȡġϵܡֱ̫򵥣ڻԪвͻֵǿı֣ڿɿȵļлڣҲѷȫá

һֱȥƾŸĸƴµҵһϵܡڶ׷еƽ󽵵͡
ѵĿ

常ĸ΢΢һЦתԲԶķ롢壬ɻشк

룬壬ò׼棬пճԸ

ԱͷŲźɫƤѥͦΣڼеĶ£һ۵Ĺ⣬λۡ

ŷ֣ƫͷ𣿡

ûԥȨʲôҪϢԼ֡ûоˡ

˵á
ʱղЦɣס֣ȣһ
ֻԼһ˿ͬ°ϵĺû⣬¶ǳǳɫƽ˼ֳ졣

˵ҪæûһԷ˼
ˡ

ѵǽյ֣ЦȻ

̫ʼͷЦŴ𣺡ûϵ´лԼ




51.   51    ĩһһ죺ӡ

ӰлصеȺԱ, æµʱ䣬ڰеõϡϴ뻪еͬǽн̺ƴֱչ, ʵҸȺԱǷ˸١

ָĩٺĵʮ, 帰С
ʱʮ, صС

صеĵ, ʶȺԱ֮׽Ϸʵ΢ЦģҲдЦźɩӡ, ݸ֮Լġ

е棬ɻ󣬻ص˫˷ʱ, 赭д˵һ䣺ڰУй޳Ϯǡþ˼ͬ¡
֮ɵظ

룺ۡ
̫ɰĿ˼εĻϲ̧ȭ, ڴһ۾Ƭ˫忡˳

֮ͬ¾ۻԷʱҪһȥ𣿡

ĩǰ, ѹ˾ĩ۲͵ġڡ
Цŵͷ˵á

, ֪ô, ŶԷһᣬˡ
򶨵صͷʼʰķ䣬Ѿˡ

ƯõŮ, ͵˵ǻص˫˷ʱǰסϵһƬ͸ԲǳǳĶͣŰۣЦͬ

һЮӡõζİˡ
һůγһõļҡ

峤ö̰üۣ׼ʱɿѸٵؽӹеĻٶԼʰУƵֱС֣֪Լܰʲôæ

ûʲôҪҰæ𣿡̽Դİķſڣ۰Ͱ͵ؿѸײڶ֮ƣķʰøɸɾ¡

Цй¶ûˡ

ˣæǾȥԷɣǺܾûһԷˡ

ܿ챻˵ˣޣһȥԷ



˺գһǰеĿԱǱæµϽݣԱۣŸʡмͨҪѶϢֱսС٣ŴӾղЪƣл
µࡪеʱ䣬ʮ

ʵ뿪סֺķ˶ʮӡ
ʱ򣬷Ѿܾˣۣ˸ǷǳǳķӡƫƫͬʱܳЦѽ

ֱ˱źܺë˯£ֻѩ׿ɰӣûоܾӵ˳Ļ°ʹķϣʼ֮Ĺ쿪ʼżһܡ

ܵĻҵְƾһˡ
ÿµĻֶܱȴǰϰٷ֮ʮ

˵˵ţое㲻ԾѾðţۣšš

壺

ЦãĻŭšֻŻĵ˯š
ŵذĴ̣ĺıӣ˯ʵķȥҴñǡ

ȻĶͷһǡ

Źϡ
뷭˸ۣüͷչδսָͷǹĵط

=
ĩٺĵھʮ졣
ʮʮһա

쳤ٵ壬ûʲôҪŮճϰְֻ࣬๫ղпڼõճ㿪ʼ뿪һʱڣлڷЩ£ֲϢȱڣ֤شϢԡ

ӰǨҴ߷УٵڶҺ־ԸߣǲǰͷʱڡȮͷһδ춯¡

עȺδ춯ϡ
þóĬ֪뵽ʲôͳֻ˴ǰһ鱼µļͬ£ѯǽĿƻ

һ𣺿ͷôŰɣûɶ뷨
һмƻĿǲ֪Ŀﻹûҵĵض

ΪǰУλͬԭڵıĿ˼λԱҲȷԼĿﻹûԼλá

ͬǵĻش죬ͬ
̬ȵҪϼôţȤĿҲ춯ء

˼Σ⼸ͬһһϢ̽ǷԻʱûбԱҪߵġδ춯Ȥ

̵룬λоԱ׼֤ûгɹ׼
ӷУ³ǼλоԱûõ׼֤ԭ

ü̬ȽϸͬǴ̬ȣ

лһȺδ춯зоǰҪǱҪǰԴʵ̬ȡ

һȺδ춯ͬҪڱ֤Էȫǰ£Ѻûؽ̡



ĩٺĵһ졣
յѵϢԴǳϿңμվ۲͡

ڷǳʽȦ︻е뷽ʽȴϢ⣬һд뺯

ǵļңյģ塣
ڲź󣬾Ƭϰķ롣

ͷ뺯ֽҳ¡۸񰺹
Ȼûںֽŵļ۸
صڣ뺯д֡ôϣ͸ֶѵˬʣ̶֣һ仰ǾǣԸ

һ룬ڼ𣿡
쳤٣ŵڶ졣Ҫ廹ܺġͬȥµͬЩδĿ£ڼҿҪĵ͸

Ȼ͵סįˡ
˵ȥѵվۻᣬǵȻԡ
ֻǣǶǳˣڶԷϿҵԼ䵭ܾ²̫δĽ

šСϵ湦ҲҪȥ
ûܾ
뷨ֱףĩежһ磬ʵûбҪܾΪ٣Ǹǵòʧ

뷨һ£ش⣺еġǾȥɡ
ؾճ̡



Ѷһסŵĵ˼䣬ǿŵµĻ
ͳһƤռǰӵ˼һ
Ϊǵ˷ڵĹֱķҪȫȴԴĵ˷⣬һɹɷӵķ䣬˳

ĩġվۻᡱȻĩǰǰݳţʮλϵ׽ѣõڵЧռͻʳúİƷ͡
ֻҪмȣӵζϣһڵʳ

ʮ£ʱ֣ǳʳ¾Ƶĺʱ⡣

ĸԸ˵ľۻᣬһ볤棬Ͳٲʱվ۲͡ǰװѻϼľƸȺСüҪ̰ȵ㵱񫡣

ЦŴá
ȴǡȴ֮ǰһӵĻ⣬ֵԼ롢塣

յĴ𸴺һֱ΢ȸԾС
곤һĿ֣֣ܼϲ˵Ļá

ʶغԵ塣

ʱ֣ﵽк£ۿȥϤѶԣүǶɤЦףտ֣˵㱡񣬶ǵͦѵõĶһһˣļЦһƬ֡

ʱ䣬缰˵ʮӡ
һëףһɫΧ˿ůġڽźժףĴ¶Ȼ󣬳˵˾տ֡

лл

ѵĿ˷ϣҲۣףտ֡

лл롣һӦҪøϡһЩ

һͬǲת䣬ĬĬ±ӣߵĵܵ缰缰Ҳڿ룬ֻҪһЩûôֱס

嵱Ȼע⵽ԺߣҲע⵽ѡ缰
̩Ȼ뷽˸λ¡

ѵõľ۲ͻᣬԹ࣬оƣǰҪ˭Ⱦƺȶ˷Ʒ裬²̫á
Ѿã˺Ⱦƺͷˣ͸Ͻ뿪ǲӣҲܰŮӷķΧ

뵽ģѾǰ뵽ˡ

Է̸ڼСãÿǰСߵľơ

ŮڣǾͲ̫ࡣ˵ҲûŷʶһȺѶ㿿ˣ׷׵ͷá

ڳŷˣ˾۲ͻᵱԲȡû̫˼سԷʱʱرΧʵճϵ£һ

죬һֵľۻᡣ
СھƣֱüܿƲȣ忴ģЦ⣬һˮ

ʱһȻһ䣺壬˵ȥ¿һ£Ǳզ͸ϸ𣿡

ܿ죬˷ĺѯ
Ѿعİ½գ˽Ǹݵĳб仯ΣڹϣеĽʵ⣬йɭӰأѱǰ

ЩƬ֮ļ¡

ϸſʳΧ£޳Щ޴ڵΣʳȱٵľ

һλʣҿҲ̫ô˰ɣô뵽Ҫȥµİ
һ˵ңٶҲȥ¡

ѽһûôΰϧ
ţƣ㻹ôƯŮأȻ÷һڻȻȥƴ

˵ôףɵȷʵ٣мҵģһ㶼Σص
ĬΣ˵Ŀ£ƽ˵ûʲôֻǾʺңպûشҲ

Ҳ⼸֣һ˵ƣʵڲõһԴŶҿ﷢֪ͨ˵Ҫ˵Ļؾ͸չ˿Աļǡ

һ¡

СתͷһۣȻǰ˵ĻҪʲô⡭

˵Ĳȥģ˵
ûˣֻһۣȻءš

ʱ˿

Ȼ˭Ҳ֪ȥǰͷ˼
٣ʱ˿̣Ѻ缰ĿУ͸˵ԿƵζ

һ˵еЦ⣬ԭϲõгһʱζͬһ˼Ŀ£ֺ̧ȹⱭеľơ

ĵķ룬·޲ĬĬͷ侲ɷ

ﻪ ס


52.   52    ĩһٶʮ죺롭

ʱ, LEDϲµĹϢ

ǰаݵӣµĳҴǶʼǵǣΨڵĵطΪһ¡

ڣʡԸǰ½еĿԱ, ͨＸʮյķ¶, Ź汼, еһһ, ͬǽϷᣬڵó˰бǷܵԭ

λȴ, ﶬڣ¶ҲܸߡƵУ곤Ů̧̧۾, ǵķ˵ȣ¶ӰŶﷱܵҪԼ׶ķʽ˵ۿƵǡ

ˣ¶⣬λƽԭƽ̹ι, ѻĵشڴǰũҵѧʱ㳣ڳ溦󺦡
ǡʳ֮ǡĶ̡ʳ, ũҵĩٺ, ԭ, ҴǴֲ֮ʱĹϮ

ܿ죬Ҵһһ밬к, ڰеķܽӽ͡羭Ľ̿ӡǰ㣬ڷܵһԶȺ

еصʳ类ɸɾͬʱҴߵ룬ҲñûʻʳõѪĿꡣִ֮ı춯ﻥԣǵڷǣֻ½

еĿԱǴӰд˲ܲ񵽵ı
ѾսбĿ飬ؿԱʵ̽Ѱرϵ

λȴļů
ǹ12£׵Ķ±ȰеҪ࣬صı춯зܣٶȴԶ͡

ҲҴһγԣʱ䣬ض󣬴ůʱڿܻᷢĴ¼

ˣҲʼרעڡδ춯Ŀ̣ͨӷųٵĵһ쿪ʼϼͨԵѵԱݶĳϣ˼̸̸ݾΣû֪
ֻ֪Ľ˳ĿȻͷ˸һְƵϼĿĿʼִж¾

һĿģͬȥеЩԱ

ڿԱǵְĩǰû̫ʵϰоԱоԱмоԱߣоԱߣ[ע1]ֻܴײǰµľҲڶ̶ʱڴʵϰоԱмоԱ
ڴǰоԱûִĿ
ƫƫͬȱ˲ţҲҪµѧߡ׳ǵĵν棬Ϊʱ΢СӰ곤ǲˣڽ֪ʶѧʴȥרҵѧơĻʷĶϴ

ͨҴڻڰƽ֮࣬ôŻѪΪмά

Ԫüϼ֪Ϣ뵽
ߵķҲеĸһʱ˵

ԪüЦһ£еɬЩΣ϶ѾôˣĻĳд

ʱսĻ׶Ͼʧ
սһҪգȫһµΣûӵùƵѧǣ磬ڰΣ֮࣬ĻĴС

ĩٺĵһһʮ졣
ûܹͳƳ˴ĩҾáΡĻ˺ж
Ҳֱܾú󣬴ҲŸЦ̸һĩش

дţϣ֮ʱȫڵĲԺͼݡ
߶Ļн΢ε

ϢҲյˣԪü֪뵽ʲôۿе죬ǣɬصڿǺǿǼõĻأûڳȥάڵĲݡͼݡ

Ĭ
æµڽⲿΣǣŬ˵רңĻҪϴѧߡ

ŸԪüһ죬ǻҵİ취
Ԫü㶵ؿŮеƶţȻʧ

õĶӣ֮곤ۿʪЦһסᶨ˵ѽδͿЩˡ



صغ󲻾ãĲ岨ľҺ־ԸĿڿչ˵岨ڼǰ˾ҺΪ˱ʱصıϵܴȵй˻һܵ¶ȡ

쳤ٽͿʼϤͬǽĿϼæµ񣬽Ȩ˺ٷְٵĿ顣

ĹʱҪһЩϾǼԵĹϢĹաһ룬ȥһĹص㡣

δ춯Ŀ﹤صʱ뻹ûţͿһֻĹҡβŲԶѵԱš
ѵԱ˸棬ۼĿ¶Ȼͬ־ǡ

﹤ָָͷҲһ䣺أ
ѵԱ̹˵ලǹ

˼ͬص˵ͷ˵ȷʵҪ
һڹصĶ࣬ѵԱͣÿġδ춯ְģʵĿҲҪǳ㱥Ϣʱ䣬ۡ

ⶼĿĿԱǰǩԼҪɣ򽫲ٽкġ
ǵģѵԱƣδ춯ġ

ͷë޵ԴķͽһޱȵſĽűߣˮĴ۾

Цſ䣬ҲĻβҡøˡ

岢û뿪ʵңΧͬˣ˳̧ͷͷ

͸ĴɫĹҵյ£ֻǳѪĹӰСϸѩףĵĪֻ˷

ͬǵĵ٩ֶϲ

ţĩǰ赭дһʱʳøֻëСè

ǳСϲ

ֻߣ˵ǳС־˼Ķϲ
˵Ƽ

ûڻȺδ춯Ķ¡
ҲֱԹڷþҺʱġʹ֢״֮Ȯͷĵơʿṫ㱻ӵ׷״̬

ʱ岻ߣ޷ṩϢпϸʵʡ
ֱʱ˿̣һ۲ͷȮѺദĻ棬ݵ˼

׺Ⱦ
ⶼģԷϵ֮

ԼʶġܡҲЩĩС˵ġйء
ģصģ˵ǡΡķӰ졣
Ϊ㣬ų䣬޵ؿܱ־ʶࡢйۡ

ѧϣܶԵľ֡[ע2]


Цź֥ӨӨ˵ټתͿһ˼壬̧̧üƵһ䣺ʲôأ

ϲǴһ𣿡

䲻һ䡣
룺ţ

ֱۣĵ˵Ȼ

ָͷһһ׵ŵ㣬ֶƽشŮ㣬ŮƯŮᡭ

ңϲϲҡ
еƿڣŵŮĽݣʮ㡢

ٿ䣬ЦѾ仰ԶظΪҪϲҡ

ְڻܰںڵķȻ˼ȻҪʲôܵõʲô




53.   53    ĩһʮ죺ֻС

ĩٺĵһٶʮ졣
һڴǰ, ڴ˿£ͨظͣȵ˸ԪüС

ԪüüϸĿ, ָֽҳ, Ʊȹڲˡ
ĩٺ, ԼᶨѸ͵ٶƲ֮ʱ, ⻹ڳõˮС

ƲͬĩٺԿѵ̬Ȳͬ

ʵ, 곤µ״²ܺáԴȾȹ¼ĴʷУԶõһ, ศɵ£ΪȫĩõĹ֮һ

ڻжٹܹҴ֮£ûнݷȶԣҲúޱҪñӦ¼ɡ

ͷϵĹҲЩԪüֽҳƽ˵, ȻʼͷεҴǵЧʲ̫ߣҲûиȷ֡

뿴ͷһŵĹ, ɫ΢΢, ԪüȻǼϵϢĸδ, 񻹴ʧ״̬

̾˿ЩϢȥϢһ᣿

, 곤ָ˸ļͷȥɣϢһᡣ

ܹԵصͷڿɹϢĵطȥ
ܿ죬֪ͨȫҴǹڹϢĲصŮ׼ضϵ֡뿿ڴߣֻûйصϢš롻ĸĸһʱĳĪ㱵

ĩУڻҰġ롻ֻһĿˣĩٺ󣬱춯ֲĲпѪȡ
Ϊֲĩٵ賿ĵ㣬ҹ˾֮ʱ賤ֲŴᡣ

ĩٺǣ֮һ

ĩδĸĸڹΡҲ֮УһССģռжһƪĽɫûк⣬Ҳûʲôֵö˵ġ

缰жѡˣⱾĩƫȺеص㡣

ǲֵñġ

ͷֻʮǰ˻شѧϿպ󷢸ԭ롻ĸĸļѶһֱûлظ
ƽգգֻۣĻٿ

ֱǱ߸Ԫüع㲥ڲٴصϢڵصҡ
곤߹жģ˵ڿͨѶǱȽʵ֣Щûмֶ֧޻վ

Ҫˣ»ٵһʱ䡣ֱӦĻվ˳ָύ硣

Ԫü˵ţԿֵ䣬ȶ糣ԪüЩ룬ŶĺӣȥҲŸո20꣬ƫƫӳȵ˳Ծֲɵ

𣿡
СʣһֻסģǶذš

ĬþãȻ䲻˵ѣ·Ժһδļƾն죬ʹ˵仰˼ԥص

һ㣬Ůֻ֪Ҫǻڣͻúܺá

˵仰ĪãȻգգۡ
ѿڶžɻԼΪʲô˵һ仰

Ԫüһ˲
֪˵ʲôֻ§סļͷĸ

뱻ţԲڵʢЩ΢ŸԪüֱۣ곤Ůů͵ܰ㣬һ˼ݼš
ϲһɫĺԱΪ롻ôãȻδй˭˵䡢ƴǰ

ɺ
ôˣ˱ܲģԭйص缰⣬˳Զԭ˼罻ϵ

ûʱ̫ࡣܿ죬ڸԪü󣬻ϼ˼ڽռʵĴҴǽԷḻʴ

ĩٺĵһʮ졣
һʮһ

ǻһһԪĿҹ
ջĴͳϰߣҪĽգĪũĳϦ봺ڡ

ĩٺǱæµԷԵعԪ⣬ٷûнͳһĹڻ
ֱԪȥҲŴӻعп˹棬˵ǽظһϦ봺ڡ
ռʵĴ񣬱ΪһһȣֵüĽ׼

ӸĶӳľڶ̶һٶڣ˰ְھвټͬǶŸԭ׸ϼν

ְҪӳִҲ˳µϡ

սһӣæգĿǰܹռʾĽشء

׼ŸŮıů޷㣻ڹʩԵƷṩڸλϹǵĲ׸ҽԱȱٵĸҩƷ

ŻרĻᣬǽߺսţһλмҵսѿרƷִ䲻һ䣺Ұ˵㱸С
ҵ߶

սĩٺʧȥ˳ˣս߹ʧȥ˵ĿҲҹ飬ûȻһ¿ꡣ

ǰ죬иĩƵսд˵ɫ㽣ָĦţȻСѾ̳ܡ

ҲǸƵˡ
Ӧ˼˵ҽ˵Ժܼ̳иĸܡĺӣû⡣
ǵû漰֪ʶˡ
شչȥһ䡣

սڴǳҲ˵Ҫרȥһҽҩص㡣ﲻŮͬ־׼ʼˡʲôҶᡢάصģô

ͦãȵûˣʱҴף

սǿЦ˵ҪԷӵĸɵԱ߸ʵĻعԱЦŲ弸仰٩Ǹ

սѴȤ䡣
żֵ˳һʳ÷ߡʳãͿ˼ˡ

봩ѡʽͦõһ޷ùǸС򡪡Χëףëף˸ѩëñӡ·һݽ޻
ڻصƹ£ϵıרעͫڣһ財

վ壬æҵز֪ʲô
ǰͷϵĶȥ

иȥC05ҵܵ缰ʱ·ײѧ֥ԼͬסһλŮͬ־һ

ĸˡ
۵ľǴֻëСķ롣
һررȤ񣬽æҡֻŽŵ壬ǵЦ⣬е軵ֺܺչü

ѧ֥̿һ仰壬ٲҲûá
ŷڰһӸӲ¶
Ƕﴧ̫ණȥֻʵɬտ˺ӱԵ

ޡ
оԼһĻ룺ֻе˵硣

һĬĬֱۣЦԣڵ٩ԣȥҪģ

ûΧӶеˡ
εʼ¿ˮ˵ֲ֪˵ʲô
״Ĭϵӡ

롣

Ҳǿ̫ԶԣҪͷһֻˡ
Цеķ룬ѹǵЦ⣬سҡͷûҸ⣬ȥʰ;ߣһСҵġ

Ȼֱ׳ɰسۣ䴽Цˣûпڴˡ

壺
ڰС˽ȥһĬӣССԹ롣

󡢴˵

ǸСϵ֣ɱ档þǽ缰˳רŴҽҩصѹԱⷽʱҪСķõġ




54.   54    ĩһʮ죺ء

ũҵרڽڽеʵ, ӦĩΪĿꡣ

дл⣬еĸ߼ѧشѧҲҵרңЩǰлڵĿԱĿɼءũֲﷶڡ

ʵҹʱ, ͼشѧļλͬѧԺѧѧǱϼӶСֲС顪ũĿֶȱ, ũҵרҪġˮϵϵľϵԪ, ʵṩ

֮, ṩģĪڡľϵܡ
ʹֲӽʣЭԪغ
ľϵֳơ

ʵ, ĿСгɹҲʧܡ˾ɥǣɹתƵֺ󲻾ãܻϲԭ, ή
ʳΪ족ֵ⣬ڳԹȫʳļཫ뼫Ϊľء

ũҵĿ齹ֵʱڵСԡ̽Ѱδ춯ͼҵ춯롰δ춯֮ĸǵĿģһΪⲿı춯, һΪཫĿǡ

ȡʵʵҪԴȱʵȶӪȻز

춯Ƿܹʳã
ͬҲĿСо, ͼڵ¾дӱ춯еõʵʵ󡪡, ûǸڽԱ춯Դ硰Һ, ҲǱܻ䲻Ĵڣֱ־Ըԣǻʵصõ洦, ԾԾԡ

£ʻȡԴʱԣԴȫؼʱµ䶳ࡢ󶹡̵ȵȣ£춯⡱ȻõѡҲֱɽˮ֮ʱǲŻѡ



ӽĩӭӴڡ
ʲôݷĿĿҲûпǣѡڻڣæµڹѧϰȴһһȵ´ʱڡ

ĩٺĵһʮ졣
ѵһ٣õǣ⼸æŴԪüµĹûڼһϢԪüŮʿ˳СУɥŮʹ尾ⳡƣ٣Ҳûܻ

ǰѾԴȾһܼĻس˹ڡ٣ಡһտԣȾٶǺܿġ
ļٶѸ٣ÿ궼ҪʱԴԤ

صҽƸѾ׼Ͼ㲻㣬ıԤϣ缸Ӥ׶ոðӺ󣬼ʱڣмٺ˴Ⱦ˼С

ͷ붼ڵֿǿ׳ꡣ
ʵҹʱǴſ֣ڹʱ˽ž˱ȾϵĻᡣΪ칫ֻиԪüһͬ£һԼв֢״˼٣ûнӴ롣

һķοʹĸԪü󣬱һֽӹæµü죬ԭڸԪüеشڿҵذ칫

ݼգĹա
ѵûлԷƲֵؿ뷢Ϣ˵ҪӰ࣬Ҫʮܻؼҡ

ڿ쵽ˣҲҪʼæžٰ촺ڻŮѵдмƣ룬Ϊ߰ææܺһԷûм棬üȣֺѱѹĻ䡣
˸á

ƺ΢Сʧ䣬˸ܿɰı飺[ı.jpg]
ȸʦҾܶżˣҪüŶ

ûƵͨѶȴֱ񣬲µ˿̵̷Ļ
忴˰죬·˸ǰ㡣
ػظá



ʮ㡣

ʰҪĸ¿һԪüϢзϢȷʱûҪĵº˸׼ؼҡ
屾Ͻؼҡˡ
ڣѲߵľ˾죬ûʲôȫ¼

ԶʱʱҲһ˻ء

ص豸ϲҵš봧źףůΧĻյ£˫˷סķߡ
صĹʮֺӲ½סУ;Կһҽҡ㣬ҽҳĽǷɢʽڻڲͽṩЧٵľͨ

ÿҽң24Сʱְҽ

ڻдȾ´֪ͨôҾʹÿֳУ벡˽ӴȵȡڲʱҲת˻ҽĽ飬סȺܼĵطǻ˶ˮ֤ǽ

Ӳҷ̻ص˫˷סҪСʱһ·ϵƹʱʱѲߵľ˾죬·ʾ⣬ǿҹİȫСԼĪʮӣҽҸʶͣ½ŲǸȥ

ҽŰ״ӣڵϸķθա
Աһλ곤ŮĨᣬ˵йĲҲ֪ôˣ˵ǴұŴҽû뵽յιȥ

ҽſڣ˶ӣȼࡣûǰԻɢҲſҽڵʵչǶĬȥ

ڣķθЧѹ곤ŮԵĿУ˲ΡΡҽڵĴϣҪۡ

˿Ҳ£ע⵽Ǹԭิꡪ缰

ʼǱҽҴţ·޷ҽĳֱ࣬ȹλҽʼӹˣ۵ſ缰

ǴſֵüŨ͸żֿš

ҲΪշתʵҽкǳɫӰǳص׺üۡ
Ȼ䣬˫ֵĶһ룬ǲߣԵֱ̧سķ

һ£סˡ
缰Եؼ˫֣գգ۽ޣһв׽ĴڣȻȻЦһ£롣

ɤеɳơԱߵҽҲ˳ƿ˹ڷĹ⣬ȫ»ûвʶˣλҽ죬ЦкǷ룿˰û

ڸнڸҽҽԤðչһЩȳ÷

ҡҡͷû

һҡͷͱҽ˽ȥǾ켸㹤࣬ҪǸðտɲܡ

ҽ˲࣬һλڲϢĹĲļλҽڲǰϸڲţ缰֮⣬ɾġϴְסȥʾҪãǷյ׶

żλҽƽʱҪעⱣů£ˮ˶ơ

缰û˵ǾԱλҽҪ˵ˣĬʯ

ûʶû˵ȴһֱڿ
λҽȲҽҰæѧ缰΢̧̧üëɫ֮һ
̵ܶ˲䣬ᵽʲôȻǸ°ɣ

룺š

ǿȥɣ缰ֵҲˣѹͻȥɣôˡ

Կ缰ԤⲻѧĻе㱿׾شסѧɸֵһײ£ͷ

缰̽ſԷ˵ȥ𣿡

ԭҪܾӹһͷҲͷת˻ش
áлл㡣

°״ӣλҽ£߳ҽҡ

֮䲢ûʲôġⲢǷҪĳ档
Ҫ̸ᣬ̽缰ԡ롻ʵܡ

ǣܿ죬һ⣬漰˴˵Ĺճ缰˿㣬ػش

ţ⣬ڻл̫࣬ҽæ
ƽƣ룬ϰΪæ

ಡߣĿΪԷķθա

Цſһ䡪ǳ滰缰룬Ϊ˸

ˡ

ֻĸ֣缰ؿڳһʹþ˵ֻɳƵأӦһ䣺ûУӦõġ




55.   55    ĩһʮ죺롭

ҽҵס, ʮӵ·̡
̸صѶҹʱ֣Ƕ̫ƣ룬һʵҽ, æòɿ, ڼǰŽһķθһӰӵ, һ˳еصĲ, Ѿ׵ؽ˰

̽Ĵ㶼ûУڼʺ, ڰĵһ䣺

ұ仯𣿡

ʾٻǵճԻУʱǾñط˽¹Ľ̸ʵֱ, 缰Ȼ仰ʵþס

Իؿûժ£ֻһ˫ںֱֱۣؿ

ûб
ش

缰Ļظ̫϶ָ̬һ𰸡
ðزܶ͡롻δ˲ں˵ĽڣҲ  ݼ̫ãֻ͡롻Ը̫ơ

˼, ǻǧٴΡ

Ӧ÷˲˴ǰе뷨
롺롻ֻȷϵͬ缰ǰд֣ȴδּġ˵, 缰˽ʶ롻, ô, Ϊĩ缰ıȺǰ£ֱ治Ĳ

˱, Ϣһ̡
ȶѰһ̣ȻĳֽЦΡôãһٶˣŴϸ֦ĩп״žòԾ̽Ѱࡣ

𰸺֮ؿӣԵؿӣҲֻмӣеŵק¿֣Ҫסļͬʱǵʣôˣ

˺һȻ缰ˣʧջ֡

ûʲô
˵ĵ£Цҵķߣûٿı飬ֻǽǰ̵ĲԾܶؽ˵ֻ뵽ĩ֮ǰڣܶ˶ˣȴ˵ûб仯

缰ĬĬظıӰܵͣڶպҹɺһǹ⣬еӣе㲻һֱܺá

˵İϣֻһ⡪Ȼ͡롻ܾܿͬһˣôϱӣⱲӡ

ӵ˼ֹһϤʵ𡪡

룿

ʶԼѾصסһ׼ȷ˵벽缰

缰Ĺҵյ¶ӣһ˲Ľ棬ʵûȥǡ
ĴѾ͡롻ܿǡһˡʵûԵ⬰̵°·缰һ

ŮѵĻӦ̫ѰΪ㣬͸żټ侲˵䵭ˡԼ֪䵭ǳ˭ֻܰѲͽǳ缰
ݹһѾ׼õˮůһ¡
˳ؽӹȴû̽ݣڽǰرòض缰˵һлл

Ůģ㷺ž⣬ҲȻĶ

лл㣬ôһΪٽţժ˿֣ȫȫ¶ȥϢɡ

缰еõ𰸣ζⳡͬжѻȡļֵ

ߣ

ȴⳡգѹ˹Ŀľ棺лл´һȥġ

缰ŷıӰ˵Ǽ仰ϵ΢Сת䡣ͬĻֻ𣺡°ô٣һ㶼𣿡

΢΢һϡ˵ûͬȥҲ˵Żڵİȫȷʵڱ鲼żͷѱܿ
ڵȮͷأȴû뿪Ӱ󣬻ذԱڸäص¼װ˼ͷ֤صİȫɿԡ

ȷԼ缰ĿǴζ
˲ֹ¶ɢã˵ͷҧ֮⣬Ҫô˳ӡ

缰Ǵشᵽûȥӷ°࣬ǳڷ⡣

ɼˣҲڴ˿ʤһ

΢ǿһЩȴҲûرˡǷתʱıӰûаԥҲòκθĿռ䡣
缰һۣܵش˴۽ޣƺЦһ鷢ǰҴ֪ϲˡ

ʵȴǱزһŰ㣬˳ĬС

缰˵һϲʲô

һһ䣬ƽֱ
缰ǿ̱͵ӣ⼸仰Ҳ˵Ϊƣ˵ʡõ𰸣Դ˶ѧϰѧϰ÷ϲһЩ
Ȼ׷ף⼸仰˵˱һ䣬ս
ĩǰشѧѧһ֪У԰ڵķ缰ѡã㣬˽ǣۻĽ

Щ֮еһλ
͵ḣѵضѧСѧ룬Ļ֮ͬһУ԰档

㣬츳׿Խ缰հףԵѵѡ
ÿһ㣬ڳϾǿ弸ٱ

Ϊʲôϲ

嵱Ȼɻ⣬Сȴûи̽ģֻڶһУҸ

ƽ缰ӡ
Ȼ΢¼ͷвЦ˵ֵļ񣺡Ҳϲ

պϲġ

˵е㺢Цҫۣصҵġ

缰̹ʹֱĻشŪһ㶣ûлԻӦüԵеࡪ·Ǳ㣬̫ʡ̫ª



ĬǳĬ
һ̺뻽͸ŻȻôû

𣺡ãϽ

ü佾缰һֻۡűŵ˲Żģ缰֪ҫƫƫ仰˵ڣΪҫȨǷʩڵġ

ŹغϡſڰΣ뿪



תһ˲䣬еסй˴ûչ¶缰ǰԲ
л缰һ䣺һϲʲô

˵ʱ̱зתأƷζļڽ

嵥ֹţ̧ʱѾԱЦſ룬ˮһ˼ģֱ߽ʱŸһĨЦ⣺˵ʲô

ûʲô졣

׾ٵƲ⡣Ǹˮ¶ȲȣҪȥ²һأˣлҪ˵˵㻹ǵǽһ𣿡

ᣬһ㤡仯Ҳ÷еĪΪĺܽһ˲ĲսЦеֱذˣ˭ͷôã˰ɣ

е㲻Ų£ڼ㣬ȴһ仰Ҫ˵ʲôǺںֻߣ缰ũҵĿеƴãȫľϵ߶ֲһϵǿȡ缰Ĵ޷ġϵܡֻͻЩ

ܻ𳵣뷨㡣
ȻһӣͰöѯ˵Ϊ飺㵱ʱôˢѽ

ӵһ붼֪ˢѳͼݡϰң޿οеĹң˻ڻˢأ

һ¡
ѿڶΪ

Ҳסˡ
ԭдļΪ飬ԭ顣

顱أԵ˺ܶûзϵϸڣֱط䣬ŲԾ

ߣ䵭µģڡ˪ζܴеĶϢܶʱ򣬷ȺпϤζӰ

Щþòδ˵ڵܡĩǰ׿˵˵֪Ҫμũѧоŵ＾ֻԡ

ԣһڻˢſ⡣
ؿһʱ䣬û׷ʱûа˼ˢϡ

Ƥ¶Ѿ𵭷ۣҿˡ

ð죬һ



Щδ˵ġڽʱգȻƿ
ĬҲһҾᡪƬֱ̺һ£볯ȥ
ĶǺģ˸Ȼ¸ҵʣҿһ𣿡



˵żֶԼ

һ̣۱ָסһůĴĴϣһ˴յӡ

ƫ¸ҵˡ
õԼҪǡ

յ룺ӦǡӦϲİɣ




56.   56    ĩһʮ죺ϡ

Ԫüصλĵ, ͿڰǰʰŸ豸ţһصģ
յĻԹӻص͸£ŮĲչͬһŵµ˻, ò, ĿڸԪüݵĲڼ, صĹ̶ӽֹصˮһΪĽĲϡ
صϷĶ, ⷶΧڡ
˷Ϻ󣬾һټ͸, ܺʱչ£߲ʵĺ硣

˶, ţԼĵ
̧Ԫüһ̣ٿЦݣʦ

Ԫüûжղʲô£ֻлЩеĹ룬, 쵽ܣúݼ١

峿ʱ֣Ͼŵ㡣
˹, Ԫüʱ, ˵պýӽ, ԺһȥμӻһЩ

Ϊ˱֤Ľṩճڴڽ֮ʣԱﻮ˲ͬʺϲĻʺһ׶Ϸ, еȺǿԽദġ׻ᡱʺ곤ǺȲ糡

лĺ⣬Цӯӯغټ

÷ǳûܲЦκθ·С㡱һ۳Ĳֽ˳ƶغ̸䣬ڴЦԷǵ£СŤŤرһرϲġ㡱Ȼػ˵

ڻϾû˲ʶ롣
ĹʾˣԸɤԻڵҴǡ

עĿСк뿪ЦɹϣֱߵսǴıʱ̾˿



ʱĹյġ˼÷˳ݼٵĵ죬˲¼ƣضԭأ㼸û

룿

˵Уûü̧ͷͿһֻǽڷǰ̽ԵУѪ𣿡

Ҳüܿ죬֪ϲʲôһʱЩǣ

ڵļѾƵòԭĻȬ룬ֻʣСֻڻڽƺͿûϵײ롪˵ƣڱѧϰмһԼҵḷֻ́Ϣʱڹ㲥зΪԭܹеĻᡣ

ǣػأЦһ£Ϳش𸴣ֻеˣϢһ

ûԥһСᣬ֪ʲôڴڷɻ£ڵͳһǣʮ

ǹʣŵζ

һµֵͷǹǾɻû˵ڡЦе˫ͷȻˡö䡱ƣֶ˵մ׶ǣӵҪģСǡ
ͯδͲӣ̰ͼ֣Žûйһȥ֯ӻһȦвеҪһѵǹȻ󣬰⡰Сǹ͸˷롣

㲻ʲô֮ǰſǲͬʡ

ѵǵѪǡ
֮Ĺϵ̫磬Բſܣ˵ԼֻϢ
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űߣͬʱ¥¥ݵķ룬ڴ޴һˡ죬˴ˤ㣬ʵء

Ѵȥܿ죬һ䡰ҿ
࿴Ǹ޴󶯾ķбᡢɫ԰׵Ůˡ
/㣬ľϵġ֦Ҷزš

캮ضůֻһ㱻һˤڵأûпɱӵ

תԼԲסҲǹġ

ģû뵽ײһĻ

ɲ͸Եĵӡ

Ů˿лһ鲼ᣬ԰׵һһɺԵĺۼ

ؿ


ǻˮɱعϡ
˫۾űʹȣмǺڷο塣

شԱһɵ̻Ҹףתѡ𾪵Ŀ£źص̻Ҹףֱ侲˵ϡ

ѪҺ罦˵һ֫ܰ㵯

һ̡
Ů˵ķȥһƽǰӰ֮峺𣺡ãǷ롣

عǰ⿪ϵ




58.   58    ĩһʮ죺롭

ʦشѧתƵʱغ, һֱڻصҽϵͳڹ
شѧҽѧԺҽְֱڼҽԺظҽԺжҽԺȡ
ҴҽԱڱȫתƵغҲ͵ΪڵҴǷ񡪡ڵļУҽԱֶȱ, ΪشѧҽѧԺڶһЩѧѧǡ

пƵò, ӻҽϵͳͳпԵõȬ¸Ⱦ忴۵ϵ, һ, ÿƵÿ죬ȻоۼĻ, 鷳ˡ

ҽִСֵмһԵĶ
ԣǼ, ϵĲȵɨ浵

֮࣬һԵֻȻ
һץָƽʱȴ롣

кһûм棺һæҽϵͳڴתһΪز񡣲õδ沢Ӱ֮Ĺϵ绰ͨ, ЦŻһ룿

绰һͷѯ˻ڹڸΣɸ̡

, ü, Լ˽⵽ɸ̸֪, ϲļ˭Ҫ

ܶݵĳĬ
˼ؼ
ʦ˱

ͬŲʿԥϴ, Ĳɵ̧Ϳۿ΢죬̶ѵţ΢΢һ

ôˣʡ

峯ķҴһƳ˵绰ϵĹѸٱ棬ǿЦһ£٣һ

ԥؿܿ죬ͷá

뿪ʱļ򣬡һжõġ

=

ӳ¶СصʱأԽҰԭˣسʱΪˡ
ŮԿڷϣƣغֱۣסȴݡ

һ·ϣ˭ûпڡ

ֱٽأǸްĻⲿʱŮ΢ɳǻ𣿡

𣺡ԡ͵˵

ڸݣ̲סͷһۡ
ӼСʱǰڳ¶СA¥5Ůԣڼ˵ĶԣٵŮ˴ʰҪߵĶ
ǰŮͬһƵ̻Ҹס
ᣬţ߸䡣

Ҳûѹ

һʼ˾һػѪҺĽ
ʧؿŴ׺ŮЦ⣬Ͽһ鼸ܹ·ݶ̡ʹȻľֹĶ

֮ûһۣ첻ǻ뷨

չŮˡ

ô򵥡
ġ

ǾλŮˣΪԾϽСģκƭߣ̽ҵѷʽ

һﷸ˱Ƿŵ
Ǿ޹Ůԡ

УûзֱСģǾ׵صõ

ʶָ̧˸ؿڣһ˿߲ϣԾ쳹𺳵ľޡ
úö˻ءʽ˿Ϣ

Ůһֱ˵
ԽҰǰ˳صڵͣͣš

彫ӳ¶Сصĵ豸ȵȱϣС
ѿһۣ̽ʣ

⼸ֻвͻӱǴ񣺴طźŵҴǡ
ҴǴ඼޷ٵȥҪضȹ

ɫ԰׵Уη಻١
뿴ۻشţԵŮ˻˵صͷ

һͨ绰

֮ûٸǡ
·˷׼ҪЩʲôƽسԼɡ

ǵְˡ

׳ˣǿֵֻڷָʾ¾Ůˡ֮еĿǹʵķ롣
ڻиרҵа

һۡ
ݵ˺ڡС֮⣬˼Ѻúơ

걡۾Ƭ˫ƽ侲ֻпʱŻõů⡣Ȼû΢ЦֻǴսֱ˱
Ļһɵ޻ǣ࣬˿ȡ

֮Ķû
ȻüۼŽİ⣬ɿʱ˵ãһ磬ȥæɡ

˵İ飬ӲԷ뷨
ŷдĵؿŮ˵ķȥǶݷֱǰȻǰͣ½Ųѩ׵֣סָ

һֿĸллл㡣

Ѵ㵣е㷴ӦصͷӦġ

ֺܿɿ֮м˴˵ǡ
ƫƫᣬ̰߬߬ȭͷ³һһעĿʦҴҸ˴ߡ

վԭصʱеˣȵعʱŷҲһǵıӰ




﷽뿪Ҳ֮ǰѺձ΢
̧̧üȻЦˣGһ£

ۣͬˡ
˫ֲ嶵̧̧°ͣҪҪһĵ԰ˡ

ǿǿͬлס·ڳĬ֮У䲻ظпһ䣺

ĺܿᡣ
ܶ˿䷽Ưɰ󷽡

ᡱ
û˽

ƽ糣͸Žһֱܺá

һ̣һ˼Сʱǰ˫ڿ龰תɫ
ԥץֻƵ̻Ҹ׵Ķá

ηڡɱˡ
廹ѣһ˲Уһ㡣

ԭΪѾ˽ⷽ룺Ը񣬱Ůͯϲ
ʵȴǣڲ£˿첻ҾϣӲѶϡհǰ˺󡭡ܺʱôһֻʺӵëߣṩϵο塣

ѻ㱵ػţһ仰δԣѿڶ
Ҳģ

Цһл񣬡ҵŮѡ

ݵͬУ˴˵ӣɢһ˪һ֮࣬дʣû취˭ôãϲ°ɣ

=
ʦӣƣȴķףˣ˵ҩ˯

˵ĵ£ϵļ־뵡۵߽§סૣˡ

Ů˿УǵõǰĻĩٺ󣬽Ů˿š֮󣬱ʹʱ⣬ڷĺڰУڰ˷˵ĵ

廹ǵŮ૵ʱϣĿǵΡ
˵¶СҼ¥¡ǰΣûע⵽ҵĴڣ뿪ˡ

ֻз롣
ע⵽˺Եϸڣɹ

ûȥǸĹޡʵϣǻҲ޷ܵ硣ĩ٣ȫȫأнĵؾԮġصҪزŽΪȫƵķɡ

ܵ̾Ϣ

ʦ㣬Ҳˡ

СӣĻƵءСС˵ķԭܺǰúܺõһй¶Щϸۿʪʵ˵ŮӰŮӣĺܰ



ذĻ

þãŴĻðͷѩ.µϣźĹâüͷչţӣʼݵؽΰöԷ

˵ḺΪҵϸҽ
˵֮ʱʱ


ʶصǲǶĿأǵãƺСġ滺á

밲һСᣬʦԣ𣺡Ӧǵġ

ӺڼžŮ˼񺬺߽Űʹ

ؿӺ󷽣˵ϣܿġúûš

һֱûɿͬǡܡʦġϵܣεġҲֻճϵܡ

۹ĩжġ
Ķ̫̫ܶǿҡ

벢ûȷܡȻǽ˵Ļ

ܶԡ

þõӺ

ֱŮجʱ棬Ĳǰᶨס֣΢Ц

һ˫ˮЦ£ȥ˾ʧ롣
ҭţ˵룬ѽһΪء

ָ⣬Ķ͵صء

һ̣ӹһͷޱǿңޱǣޱȵ룺

Ҫˡ

Ů˵Ʊţġָů
徲ĬϵעĿǰһĻ˵

ʹˡ

Ůŷ룬šţ¶һЦݣã




59.   59    ĩһʮ죺롭

缰ʦ־ԥ˽ŵʦʡҪ⡣ǵĵʦĩǰʡ, ĩٺһʮ죬ʦûлصС
ʡľԮǵʦҽѧţ̫١ؿʦֱ˵صҽԴ, ʦпܻصС

ԥͷ, ʦܽĵ, ܿ, ű죬忴, ԰׵ϸ𵭵Ц⡣

ͬǻŽѺã΢תࡣ

̫ˡ
룬ʦ̫˵һҴߡʦǵЭ, Уڵʱ˴˼輤˳תƵʱء
ԥܰؿһۣлûпڣᣬЦһ˲
˿, ƽֱ缰ѵ˼

ֱ缰üͷչ̧ͷʦ, һ˼ģ, ʣôˣ

忴һ, ˽ǰʦܵӣ̫˵ΨһشѧʱΪŷа, ʱ˾ߵΡһصأֱԭԹ
ȴЦһص⣬Դ׽ǺܺáͬʦʦҲյķΧڡ

ûʲôһ£üȻ뵽ʲô㣬ֱۣʾ⵽һ˵

缰Թȥ

⼸ҿܶҪ٣ʲô⣬ʦǡ
򵥽̧ͷͿ缰ǵüͷи׷ʣǳʲô𣿡

һůʹ
ҡҡͷЦ˵ȥһæҪҪæģһ˵ġ

缰ؿһᣬŴá

=
屾ΪԼûʲôҪ缰æġڻҽϵҲǺһڱҵҽѧԺʦʦǣҪôҵҽҪôظҽԺְ
ĩٺЩʦʦǹҽѧԺѧǣҽϵڸṩİ

ϵҲ尲֮ңĸѵõĽ

֮ңӻŮˣػصĵΣɸ飬ûиȾȴӪܴڵ⣬㲻

ĬؿŲԶҽյţƫͷ˿һͬȴķ롣
ֻڳϣƽŲԶڳ˼ʲô⡣

ĩٺĵһʮ졣
֮ңⲿصĵڶ졣

Ƕû÷һֱߣŬ֮ңԴ룬ӡΪĳƿǶĵһۣ룬ͽˡ

ϴ󣬺ʳ˵ѪɫŮˣѿüۼˡ֮ңϲߣʱ۾Ź⣬ǹ˲ʵƵʥһˡ

尲ϤŮҽ֮ңŹǰ֮ңܲؿ۷룬ֱõһصףӵ̤ڡ



תͷ۷롣
ڳ۽ŨںڣһСӣڵĹǿңӸߴ£·ԳǳǳӰ
Ǿ£޿ޣ͸ϲ
˿һ۾ͻܺá

룿
ԭֻǺһ񣬵û뵽ǣʱеˡ

Ծٿɫɫ죬Ƥѩףƽû̫𡣿϶Ϊ⣬ǰкܳһʱûд档

봩úܺë޵Χѩ׾ӣϻס
ôǱůúܺõˡ

Ųλãյǰ˸ָáϵܡǰ˸СļСȰʱ򣬾еˡţСǿƵģƮġ

ʶղűʦ㻽һ

ţ

˵ɳƺȶȣ̧壬ƵӦ

ʦɫһ¡
ָĶͷȶԸߡüͷ˲𣬵ʵǲеðˣ


ĬĬ̧ƣԼĶͷô϶ش𣺡Ӧãûаɣ

˴ǿ׳÷ůʩ󣬱ٻðաڴ˴μУյȺǶͯˡǵʲǿз

û뵽Լᷢա

һֱкúñԼ壺Ŭرů£ԺúȺ˯á

ȴ죬糿ȥ¶Сһ·Ϸ飬ʱֲ֮ңߴСʱŻصס
ȥʱҹѾˡ

ůִӶõ磬ůġ
˯ʱǴů˯˵չ˵úܺá

ţӦòôɣһ˻ؾ͸ðɣ

ɳʦı飬ˣëҶҲ֪ɤеʹ

̾˿
ĬĬشӿڴͳ֣һһԼװͰ͵ؾ棺ϣȾˡҽĸüۣûָԼĲġº룬ҲԼ̫˫ꡱһƺãҾи˴ֵΪ
ҽҸ˿ʱǴÿ֣˽ǽ̸磬Ҳиڱ־롣

뱻סһ£Сӱһβͣس±ӣԹԵشˡ

Ͽֺֻ¶һ˫ʪγۣһ߽ĵؿңһ̽Եؿ硣

ֻѸٸԼĿǰֵͬǷϢɵǣԥ̫æڳڵǼϡ
һʦʦǣҶæµνæƨŻ

Ϣ缰

ﵹ¼Ƶȵȿõ֮ңͷҾڼ䣬ôϣ

Ϣҩе㷢ˡ
缰ظٶȿνޱ֮졣
㵵ؿ৵ػһ֣ûбġЦӣڶ̶׼ҪĶڶʮڵڵķλ

ִڶĵؿ缰ĵ
һĵ缰ҩҵ¼ơˮ¼ƣӶνӦоСɵؿһۣ㻳ǴҽѹһȦ

缰һĿ⿴룬͵֮ǰҸ硢սʱ䱸ҩ

ҽԴԣҪŶӵȴ˳սһ㶼缰ǿ

˵ͷʾ˽⡣
˶£38

ķˣ롣
ǰֱѹֽĲɵأһֱ񡣡

ãȻգգۣܲ˼Цһ¡

Ϊſ֣缰ľ飬ⲻģƯۡ

߶߶ˮ¼ƣԵó׼Ľ
¼Ƶȴ;У巭ҩ䣬缰ɿشҳʵҩϢʹҡӻȵȡ
ܹԵظ˵ʱĸܡ

ţůˮ˯ǰҲȵġ
ģ˵Ѷչʱûҫ˼㹻ˡ
պڼңţ̺󡣡

ָͷȥûһǲ޹صġ

һһ߼ǣʱʱظӱůǿѽͦλ

ôðأƵüͷš
ֻܵóһۣʱû˺Լ˷ˡ

˵ҩƬ缰ȥˮ˱ˮˮʷ

ժ˿ֳҩˮлİ
忴۴Ӹղһֱæµڵ缰ð춼ûҸλ£˻֣ϽҸţҪæߣûµĻЪᡣ

缰ųҩԺڳϵķ룬һ۲𣺡ûʲôҪ

ͷ巢˼Ϣ
õǽŵĻظæʦ㣬Ҫż°ࡣ
Υ˼

꣬ųΣе˯
ӻúз˯áʦҩƬǰ˵ˣҲû̫ģϾš

ΪʲôԸ뿪ҸԭҲܼ򵥣Ӧ֮ңҪ

ߣʾϿС˯һᣬغ˯ţһ֮ңҺ㣬òã

ק½ǣŴá
ϣŮůζݵ˯˹ȥ

ȻڲúԺһرϤģ

뻹˯𣿡ָĶͷеı˪Ϣģ峺ġ

Լϱһˮˬʵպ·˵ˮŰɡ

֮ңôʱԴ벻Ҳ塢ľˣû̫η塣ɬСĵ壺Ϊ𣿡

ʱ˯ûκιϵ
ǿ˼Ц˵ǣ͵ãˡ

У缰һ侲Ƶٲһ/£ûС

ҰУ뿴塢ѣаǰö/µ缰
֡һ
ͷ֣΢΢һοĵˡ




60.   60    ĩһʮ죺롭

ĩٺĵһʮ졣
ũ, ʮ¶ʮš

һ죬ǳϦŵƽʣѾʼﱸֺƴĳϦҹ

վµ, ڵġζڵ, רȴȫԱ, ݽڻڵĻ, һһŸԱǡ

Ϊ׵ĸͷյ˲͡ʳʳƷ˫˷, ߸ŵ˶ԻؽĹס
ӻе죬ֽ棬ƫͷ˸СС硣

̽̽Ķͷ, ǲ𣿡

ãˣǿԴ硣

ķĪ˵ϸ֤ճůķ벻Ӧ֢״һֱԣֻ˵ʵá

ůôõ, ƫƫðգû˵ȥ

ڰڷˮҩƷοƷȫſʱ͵ġ

һһȥ, ſ, Ů, ١
˵ڻĺԵ

ļʣ¼죬պܹڼҹϦʹڡ

Ԫü֪ðˣһʱЦ, ֮໹˸СЦ겡ǲ˻һһĸðա
ҲòС

űӣˮССڵغȡ

ʦ巢Ϣ֪֮ңľãðȣȻܿ͵õƣ´ȾˣΪð壬ֻܺȻؼ֮ңʱ䡣
˵ǣ֮ңһת

ףԸεĻָһĳЧʦ廹˸˸жĹܿԾۼĹϣ׵ĺദ㹻󻺽ѹ

ϣ֮ңˣϣܹúûš
Ŀǰһж˳ġ

ûж˵Լ֮ңʱʩչġССɡտڲԣֻ⵱ԼܣУֻռϸڣԴ֤֤ܹ



岻֪ʲôʱ䣬˸óҩĵ㡣

缰༰ʱݳ֮ʱֻˡһ̧ȥǼ΢죬ֻظʱ¼ͷ𣺡缰˵Ҽʱҩ



⼸գ߻֦չȫڵˡ
ƾŻϵܣοʱů桪˳ŰȺΪ޵Ķ
ʱʦǵס鷽롣ĵȻ˼ů⡣

ѣǲǻûð

ʣõϵߵһͷһůΧˣһĵʶĻϵߣûиðԴůܡ

壺治ʱ̫ˡ

һʵڲ岻ļĴڣһͳˡӡϾûϲڶűࡣ
ЦУãܰæҵҡ

缰Ҳǡڡ֮һ
ڵֶҪһЩµסǵ˫˷ֱͦ˵ʲôյ֢״ֱæ

Ĭ㣺иҽھӣһ̶ϸ˰ĸС

˴״صͷʾԼˡ

ҩãڷֱߡǹ⣬ֻĻϣ缰ĶԻƶò缰ǿôʾѯ״̬Σ¶٣ǵüʱҩ
شллõģ鷳ˡ

ųڵغȹ⣬ƫ࣬һԵغȵü

ӰҩЧûгǽࡣ
Ҳһףڳҩʱϲп࣬⵹õˮٺȹ⡣

֪Ҫã૵˳գǳɰüͷϣϽá

屻ľɥЦ

ǵʱʱ仺ߵ㡣ع㲥ԪüŮʿԭ⣬Ȼܿ죬㲥е÷۾񡢲ϵıհװ
ھ֮ңǰα֤ŭԷڼ̵ʱΪ˸طĻԡ

Ƿǳ䵭ı顣
߼˼˽ݡ

ǻع㲥ǸԪü֪ͨһϢA뻪ĹͨѶڻʱϰ˵ָȷͨѶʱ䣬ҪԶڹͬ־ǣͨѶ

ظ顣

㲥жϡ

Ԥ֮УԪüһϢ룬ڽ˵ңҪʱ硣

ҼǵְAԲԣĿǰ˼ȫݵݣݵͨѶվṩʱȶѶš

һá
ۿشϣ˳ʱ䡢˲ĳĬ

룿



عЦһ£ЦܵƮƮƶ䣬һɢ͸Σֻ֪˼ʲô⡪ȷԼѯʣ᲻ش
ǳʣʲôҪҰæ𣿡

û£ֻ롪

뾲Цţ͸ġתҺþûмˡ

=

ӳ¶Сĵ豸洢̵ȵȣĵϢ붼Ŀһ顣
еıϡƽڵռǣ洢ȫҸƬһЩεĻƱӴ

ּϤġ
밴ϵ֣һֽдʱԱݣƶȫغϡ

ȫҸƬϡ

ڹֱߵĺգŸߴʥŲʵƣ˸Ÿɫ⣬ĵѩذ׻ԣɫɫǽЦŶʥķ־

ֵƣѩɫ˫ԡ
ӢˣһɫΧؿŮдЦ⡣Ÿҹӵ¹вФ
ŮˣԵŮͬȹװͷŮ΢Цһ̣ĶͷƯù֣ģ

뿴һһ顣
ãȻգգۣŵĻ·ܹܵһĻ

ûκμ䡣

ûκμ䡣
ί롣

һж㣬ڸסҪõࡣõе豸еĿϢûܻȡõϢ
ֻ֪ӦþǸ롻ʧȥ˺Ҫļ䡣



ͨѶ˳Ӹһ⿪Ļᡣ

ʱߵࡣһ׼ĻҴһȫźõĻ

ΧܶˣеĲеڴеʣ˵жûԶѧĶŮ

ͨѶ¼ĸıעͨġְ衱

ʱણ˵ſ˼Ծ顱жϵˡܡڻҵƾְλʶ˺ܶѡ

ϸ롰顱ȷԼû뵽Ҫ֪ͨĸ
߼ˮһ˶ͬﵹһˮ˵ڵͼϱһӵ߹켣ȷ߼ķյĹ鴦ˮһ㣬ﱻжϡ

߼ֱ˼ȫ
Уʱպ󣬷ʶ˼еȱڣ߼еĴ
ǱˮͼϵߣӲֳһֲ˵©

ְ裿ͷ¿һͨѶ¼еıע

û֪ͨĸǿܷ

Ը⽫УҪѶϢ֪ͨȫУʦǵ£֪ͨĸ֣˽߼ֱͨķ򣬰·ϰ˱֪ͨǵһҪ
иֵĵط

벻ɫ۽ޣǵôǰԪüѯʱѿڶĻֻҪǻڣͻúܺáԼзڵ侲ᶨ

ʵĴڡ

ʱ仺ʣߵൽ˵㡣
Ѿʼ绰ڳõУʱ䵽˵



˵ĵ绰ͨˣšŮ£ϲãŮű˴ĩٺ
˵ĵ绰ûнͨһΡΡ󣬾ƣڵϣ

붨ؿֻͨѶ¼ĵ绰룬ְֵĵ绰

绰ͨˡ
ǳǳĺǵŵģ곤˱᣺𣿡

գգۡ
գգۡ

ԭһֽĶĤģ죬˵ϲáʡǰһ̻Ȼûзϣƫƫһ̣ӿУ뱯˼

þãŻع
ګګغְ֣

һöŮӹ˵绰Ů˵̲ǳǳĻϲЦţ룬Ͱְһжãأһж𣿡



ѲỽһҪ ıҪⳡ·źͨΪӰ쵽źʹãûǶԾԶƬվ

ؿ
ѸˣһŶֽͷһץֻʵæֻܴҴ㶵һ
ֽ˳óѸٵزһţݸ

룬ᡣ

ʶΪְ衱ᡣ

̵ˮ䣬Դǣʲô벻ȶһ˲̡
ûܼʱסֽֽ˵ϡ׾һֻһŵСŻţ˵ǺĪίġ

̾˿

ӢƯϣֵǣʱסˣȻ˵˾䲻˼

ǰϵۡ

룬Ҫޡ
˵




61.   61    ĩһʮ죺ϡ

ͨѶͨ, ˻ϲǣվڣۿȥ˼䱯

Ѿִٵֽ, ʪһ, ĺۼ
, ʪ۵ıǼ, ٵָ̲
һڴʱ˿̵Ĵ

Ѿֹסᡣ
ͨѶڼ

뺬ӦǱߵˡ۽޳ʪû⸱, ǰη¸ңЦ, ̫



룬𣿡͵̾οغAܺáͰְг֤֘Ҳǰ׼㹻ʣڰݣס֮ǰµı

ǵܶ, ȼ棬չʾһ£òã

˽ӹ绰, ѹֲסĵ, ɳƣ, 㻹𣿡

ĺһȣѣɬ, ȴػشǣҺܺãڼкܰȫĿǰ֯ŵĻ

ǽű˴˵ĸ˿ãȻֻغ˽εĹͨѶʵѵãҪõʱʳ
ƫƫ˿еǽŵڡ

˴ιͨѶ˳ӣûһΪľǱ֤Լͨݲᱻ֪Ϥ

һۣϻֽϣǣһЦ

˱ۣ̫ĴǣԵ绰ͷĸĸҺܾûмˡ



ʱ̫ãҶеǰһʱ򡪡ɰСŮ㣬ܹ˳سĸЩرõĹȥ

Ǳ߸ĸ΢΢һ

һ̽
ǵķӦеõĳЩҪĹؼ
¼룬Ǻ֪Щʲô

򶨣ڶԲԣвͰְ˵𣿡

ɿز˿̵Ĵ²̫˵һЩ˽ܵĻ

ֱѱ̫ܿ⣬е㲻飬˻ɣֽΪ

ءšһ

곤ŮԵת͸ż˼ûϵڵİڽڻĻᣬʱǿϸ̸̸

˽ӹ绰Եŵߣ룬ǵһжã㲻Ҫġ



ۿŷԭɱűӣСضԵ绰ͷ˵Դίίش۽ë

ûмޡ

ʣҲǺÿġѲ뿴ޣϣǿĵġ

ͨѶʱ䣬ٷ˵޷֤ʱԣǶڶʱڲѡ
֮ע⵽ڿޣΪѾ˳ϵϹǡԶAʮˣǶڣڵ֯ľۼ

ѿŷ룬ϻδ𿪵ֽݸأסˡ

ʪ۽̧һ˫Բγͫ·̿ϴۣûпΪʲôޣֻ¼ͷҪޣЦÿ


밲ؿһᣬûӦ

㲥豸ѾѴҪʱ硢ͨѶʱҪжϵĲ
ԪüŮʿ߳򶨣ȴ˽ΧЩûѵҴǲļ١ƻеǿſǻڵϲţеѾǽĬĬᡣ

˵ǸǶ˳ػڣδָмĻᡣ

Ҳ˵һĸĸڹӵг֤֘ķᣬڵ±ڴĩӦԶˡ춯
ǵȼУ͵õһۣڹѡ˵ࡢӦһС

һѵõĹͨѶʱʱߵϰ˵ʮ֡

ʮӵĳͨѶ˭Ҳ֪ⱳжټԱľѪ
ಽ˫ֲ嶵뷽벢з̡
Ĵŷ޹һԻе㷺ۿͷ

룿

Ȼһ

ƫƫ͸ŨܵĽëĿ͸󣺡ôˣ

Цˣֱʣְĸأ
ûԤϵʾ䣬һ£üش𣺡ݡ

ѼϢ
״һʣ֮ĴŬָߡ

һֱסڼѾ˺ܾã˼շת尾ȵǻʱעһ۾ͷ˷ǿ޹ϡ

Ǹʱ廹۽ŵ̸õС˵ûºɲġ֮󣬸һϢѯʵʱʲô

Ϣ죬̾˿
أܾû͸ĸ磬Կˡ

ӷеõĴȻ
յһлл

ֻϵϢҿ죬ĥ˵żֵζ¼ͷ룺ǵһ޵˰ɡ

شѧʳõĳſɲĩ٣û¶
żȻؼһ档
ȴϣټһΡ

ֳʵ룬ϣѽ

==

Ϧҹһǻ֡ҲдͳζĽա
ȫϰ׸вͬһ㣬ڼеѳ׹

ʮ³һмݹˡֽǮĴͳ
ʱ򣬼ҼҼȣֽǮˣ׼ȼֽǮĲֵֽǺ˵ֽǮҽζٵΪУط治׼ȼֽǮݼˣǽֽǮתΪɫ޹ĵӼݡ

һꡣ
ʱͳƣٷȷϣȫеҴ˿ڲԭİٷ֮ʮ

ԪüڲҹĳϦ죬˻ϼ´ֽ֪ͨǮ͹˵ĻػἯаżȫ׷ֵĵص㡣Χˮϵߵȿˣⷢ¹ʡ

ֲž߿ºƼ˵ҲڵõϢʪۿ
ǼζĹٷٴ롣

һ糾͵شרϻأȾֽǮҽϢü͸ǳǳİˣܿ죬ڿʱչüۣЦ

Ϧ֡Ǿһ飬һܰҹ

ʱ໥ף˴ںá

ֻյ˵ףţһֻͣÿһظȥֱҹʱ֣˯ĵ㣬Ҫ˯ðûкȫϢɡ

ԹԵֻͷ˵á
Ȼض˵ף˱ˣûף㡣

ȻصɴۣеŴ㵵̧̧۾ͿЦ˵һϣ㹤˳˳⡭

صڡϣޱȵܾҩзҪǸһзƱ춯ֲҩȫ˵Ǿ޴Ĺס

´ףðû˵
ֱֱ˵һ䣺лл㡣

ܼѵѹסܽӽЦҸУؿڣһ᲻óԵһǵĺӣ߬ͷš

ϣӣһ˳˳ƽƽ

ĩٺõףԸƽ˳졣

=LJ

ļڽصλϵĵһ죬ԪüһԲòϵĻԱԻ˳Ե̫꣬ˣЩ

ǹ⣬вڸԪü˿ôĩ׷ڽϳķʳʳƷ

εؽ곤ߵͷѾĥҪʲô

Ԫüû̫ע˼ת
ڷ巢ţѯʼﻹʲôʺϸʦĶʱһݸǰ

ԪüڹˣҪʼˡ

̧ӣ׽ؼʣüʵǣʱѣ

Ԫü̾˿ѽƱȹڲˣһЩ֪רҲǰǵĹңѰ󱣻
ȻЩʺҲҹ֮ǰûصļԱֻҪϣͲǡ

ֽҳڶ̶̼ھݣȷݸĿġ

Ҫ˵֮ΣδЩֻ̫ܹṩѳʱ˼ܸԽ֤רǵȫо

ڴһѶϢʡлڣҴпϵĸѧרҵרҵģԸǰѰ󱣻ģǽڽһݱ飬ռרϢ󣬽רǰشԱ

Ԫüͨ׶ķʽ˾ߵһΪסˣָպȱ˲ţǾ񡣡

һ̾һãȻգۡ

̾еĸԪüȻøЩСרʵҲûô࣬ҪǼλĿǰԸ⵽ڣҪʺࡣ

Ҫ˳ĻһЩԸعĹˡ

Ͼ˷ѻλ

룺Σ̫ˣǲǣ

Ԫüصص˵ͷૣʺ࣬ҪʮСʱмְϢñ֤Դ㣬ʱмԱɻȫָ֤ʱΣա
Ҫĵ̫ˣҪ˵ʺ̫ˡ

Ӵģҿࡣ

Ƭ̣ûзԪü뵽ǹжѵľ顣

ǺҪķӵֱḻ顢ʶˣںܶΣտж˳

ҲĹʺ࣬˻ȱļλרҡ

Ȼ£ǲŲʵʷѵµġˡ
˼򿪹㲥豸ոеݣһһҪѶϢ

ûϵǣǡ˷Աѣպ뱨һ˷ĺࡣ

=

лش͸ʡеϢУŹڴ˴ͨĹרѰ󻪹ӻҪݡ

ŴѧҰѧҽѧȹڼȱרǣвֱͬλΧڡǲȷ״ӣֻܴЩѰ󱣻רǷźе֪ΣԱ

ʺĳУԾԱΪɾڽڴӶĳһλ֪ҰѧרңͬʱϻŸùԸ뿪ػĹǡ
ҵǣڹƹҴĹ࣬ûա



˾еӣʡҲʼͼعڽȱļ˲š

ʱڣķԱϡ٣ƾԸԭպһλ곤оĿվμӡ
ʺʱЧҪְ֤࣬鰲ȫȻҪרҵԱ

Ѿʱμӡ
лµѹȥA׼֤ҲAµġ

˶Ըμӵоסˡ
ֱʵͬ𣿡

Ƕ˽ǰϺҵΨһ̳ˣĸ˶ڻڣΪںԴṩ˲ٰĲڴ˴κշȻǺ¡Ƕû븸ĸ֮ںϳʲô⣬ֻĸĸʹĲѡ

ѵͷ侲˵Ѿͬˡ

ϼ쵼̲ţϼҸĸǵĽ̸УղȷȷʵȥҲͬһΪ

Ҫ˵ĸûеǣǲܵġֻǣ񳤴˸÷ɣϣԼĸҲԸĶˡ

ĸ˽Ҳø̸ȻǱһаȣΣıҵչͷȰӣƫƫִƽһһƷ˸ĸ۵㣬ǣܿĸϱҲҪпĩ

ԴѵԽ֮
ƽǩָ£ȷ˴˴ǰAĳ

ǰǩֱϣдصĵص㣺Aݡ

Ը壬ĬĬ££һܸؼǴôһ䲻˵

һ˷AĹʺ࣬Ŀ

һǶԱоķԱ̵£ѵ;С
ǡ

ˡ

ڷɻAǰһϣҪĸϸַϢԵĻᾡĸĸعڡ

ֻҪѵһ㸸ĸؼеġ

סˣ㵵ؿǰȫûʶΣԼߵĺ࡭ȻԵʡ

̹ϵ¼ͷһκܺõѵᣬδ̫ϧˡ

УϣˣҪٿˡ

룬Цÿġ




62.   62    ĩһʮ죺塭

ĩٺĵһʮ, ʱء

δ춯Ŀ飬ӭʡҵרҹͨĻᡣ

ڻĿǰִлءԮĿǰΨһһӵôһȺġδ춯ĳС

СԴеȵҲ˼δ춯ټڹٷδյϢУƱشƵȮͷϪ, ĩΪ档
ֻ, ԭ򣺻ǳԶĲ, δ춯гһģľۼ, ෢֮ǼӵԸġδ춯Ⱥ, ʵǺ¡

Ŀ鳤ǹģⳡҪ˻塣
źӣƵ, Сڱݣͷһר㲻Զ̰ůһĶǡ

ͷһרҵĸпڼп

һ˷ĸ

;̽ʣܽһֻҵСʵԽѧרXʦҲ⡭

ᣬԾԾ, ͬҪȡȺϡĶġоȨϾӵһȺĿ̫ͣʶ϶, ֻҪһֻ, ˲˼оСƤë

廹û˵, һλѵԱͿڣ䵭ؾܾǡ
Ϊܾ̫һʱβѡ

崹˴, ͷķڳԱ˹ǣȴû̫Ц⣬ֻǹ¹죬侲ЩﶼйȨǻصĲƲ
Ҳֻǽǣ̧̧˿۾ѰƽûؿԱ˼Ͽҵݷɣ鷳һҷһǵʱǩĺͬݡ
ǲһڿԱĺ̶ּͬϱ֤Ⱥİȫ֮Ҫչ˵úܺãΪʵ鷢κβ

ڳԱá

ⳡ飬Ǽ˼棬̽ѰСڳԱδ뵽ķ棬ͻơ
ƫƫҪֻʡеص㣬ֱʮӺŽղ

󣬻鵽Чڽеõδоչķ򣬲Ӿн˸ߵȼİ豸

ݷһ߹صͷһȭͷź󾱣۵һþ峯ȥһֻƯżȩ̀һ͵Сغ˼䣬ܿ죬żţΧļֻ

һλѵԱƵü˵˵ʲô

죬͸ǳǳЦ⣺˵ܾûˣݼ٣ǡ
ѵԱԭؿԱǡЩðŭɫ

ޣȷʵþûͬ־ˡ

ӽصʱ򣬻ؼӣæµԪüŮʿֵ࣬ȫ鲻ǡֱݼ٣ƫΪԭʵҵĻᡣ
ֱ˳ȹʮҲǹʮգڳռһ档

ʱײȺǽʳĻ档

µУС⡱ɵ´߹ȡѵԱǸȺèѡʳǾ׼ģЩ⣬ǵϵͳ춯ֲ

èʳԡʳԶǲʳԶ
ǰڷű춯ֲʱǻԥʳ븹
ԣʳù춯ֲȺǣǿ׳֢״

Ҳڻ桪ڲԷǰȺδ춯ĵҧݺ巢ǿ˵Ⱥ춯Ż汾
ǿ˲֣˳£ס־
ͬʱụ̋٣ӸѷɫĶͯʱڡ



ͷڿʳű춯Ѫ⣬ĩǰιʳ⡱ƵƯżèŵצӣ̧ˮۣ˷ĵ
β͸߸õͬһСˡ

ˣ

ЦųȺڽʳĶ֣ûóȻڶǽʳʱñܿԷΪʳĶͻϮ
һˣõ˲żèġ䣡
δֻɿ̵ѪĲżèèתΪƤë˳ţһߵơ

Ц⣬ƣֻèԼġ
ֻ˽ζʲô

ǣض˵˼仰һԴ˵Сè丧˸èè뿪

ת˲ֱһȺĹǲϣð죬嶼

ʮӵġȻ棬һֱͶǻЦպ֣ܰá

ڣ뱻ȺСǷŹˣл˵ϼ仰

Gֶˡ
˦˦ӣСֹ¶˵еζ

ϴϴҺʾһӹԣĵ˫֡

ѵԱǻû뿪أеںţùǶԵʳеüͷοŹߣںͷܲͣ¡

ССľĬ

Ϳüͷ΢΢šţǡȻ͸ǱѧľӢС̲סֱۣʣô

忴Ѿø壬ĺĿ£Ļصƽֱ渶̸ȷ˼·ͨˡ

̸۵ϸڶǾбʵݡһ֪⣬Ⲣ˽еĳȡᶨȻǶԽоš

˵䣬ע⵽ͷߵһƶëָϰΪؼ˵
°ĵ㻹аСʱ

ǿһԣСһ΢΢ͷһͷעӡݷɰʵڵɹϣתͷͿͷ޼ľ룬һʱ᲻ѣ̾
̫̾˷ԻһƳ

ݷʾû£󵨳ϣǼҾǵȡǼ𣬲ع

۽ҲȭŴǣεؿһûʶԼ˵ľ롢̸ķʽ˿̫ܡ

ƳĲ˼ĬĬسע⣬䵭ݷһۡ

ݷʼ״͵Բס֪ɩƤ

쿪ᣬ鳤׼ǰ°ࡣݷҾʾԼߣ˸ŵĨƵķپˡ

ûϷʵ٩ݷɣڵˡ
ѵԱǾǵλöȽԶѹ˵ĻȺǻԾұʱҲڸסǵľݡ
Ȼ˵һ䣺ýпգȥԿ

һ㶡
ס֣һָָֻڵʵңü࣬ڸ˼ֻĶ

˲ᡣ
ڴǰǾͽľͷšַʽ

Ѿ˴Ĳ²⣺ġܶԡĳ̶ֳϣЧĲΧ˵״̬Ҳ͸֫ԣֻ̬ܽվͻ޷Ӱ첨ҪõĽ

Ӱ죬ַΪʶϵġ⡱롰⡱

⡱״̬Ҳ̸벻ܹ϶ԼǷڡʶ£õԼҪĽϾϣҿġúûš롰ɱʡлءĽۻϵȺţδЩӹ档

ǣֻᡰ⡱ǲǰ¡
ʩչмǿʶͼ֮ңˣ״̬תáЧɡ
ǣһ㳤ãеĥˡ

ǡܹʹáһССĴۡ

͵͵²嶼ûи߹

ɷܾƺµ˵ʲôȬ󣬺̾û취ӣ˵ʱҪԼء

ǲٶԡ֮ң£κκ

ֻȥ˳¶С֮ңʶ˸
ϡƽС£Ҫ̫ϡ

ʵﻹδ°뿪ĿԱǿ壬Ҳû⣬Ȼǰк
һλŮЦŴսһɾİ״ӣʾȥӽϽı춯СģŶеףҪСġ

볯лŮƤؼ˼ۣС߶´γʵҰɣҸóԵģ

о춯ʵһЦ뱻Ӵһ鵽˿Ϸ졢ʩüõĺϽӸ
춯ɲɢ˲üŻ

Ŀ׷Χڣ춯ûκƵȮͷżèȵȡδ춯׽

嵥ļ򣬿ϽӣʵԱѣһע룡

ͷҲûأֱ˸ȷơ

ǵĿֻ춯Ѫ̰˫ԲɣҺ䣬ӵײȳζӿ

ٿһЩ
һֱߣʱţбϵ׼ȫ

һ
˲ٿʱ򣬷һ֮еĽۣ˵ֻ־ʶ˻Ч
ء⡱طźţϣֻ춯ܹ˵Ļ
ûЧ

Ǵǵͷ⡱ϣĻʱַӦ
ֻ춯ֻƶ⡣

ûͷ§ļ򣬻صԭλã֪ʵҿԱڶʱڲ׽Ϣ

ֻǵĺõĺۼǵ¶˵ġ
ϵ߶Ե¿ƺĽǳ졣

˵ţʵ̽ͷ£Ϣлҵ绹ǺʲôԵʣʲôڱ춯ﴫĲӰ죬ôһ˵Ҿͷˡ

Ǻõĳȷϣ곤һãϢҵˣ治һˣǰ˲æ

Ѹٽ䣬õ˴ҪĽ°״ӣʵңȻһ뿪

ʽ°ĵ㡣
򿨣뿪

ǰһȦèèСǡ

ȥʳõİ·ϣײһʮޡ
ԭûôϣֱǶԷеĸһ䡰롱ŮѲĿȥŲͣ£ܿ췴Ӧ΢Цְ̡壬ãǳԷ𣿡

׽ϡ֣̲µԷޣѵĸĸ

Цţ˵ԼɷȥʳóԹʵˡ

ףòʾ⡣

Ĭһᣬǿк

ܿ죬̸Ѿ˵һ˲侯Ļ˵ƽʱ࣬ҺְṩĵطӦ

סˣָܸоΪֹеһЩִ٣һЩ֪룬ԼһЩܳ

룬ЩʶʣǺˣܹԼչ˵úܺá

ϷǻöĻ̶̼仰ͽأͬʱѶԡǡ䵭Ի󲢷ǡǡǡ

ѹĵˣֻзѡ

ǰʱҪ븸ĸĵַϢ˵ԼᾡǴؼС
ν̸ûбܿ˵ʲôҳ㣬ƽһǵסſڣ̹¶

ϼ˶Խõļҽ̣ҲźܺŪˣ˲Ƕĳ˷ϲ

Ϸ˰ݼڡϲŮӣҲϲ
УȻش˵곤ŮԶŮϲ˵롢壬ʲôҪæģʱǡ
ͬӵĻ˵ڻҺ裬мֻȨ

ֱԷ޷ֱ𣬷߬ŵָͷɿ
ѩۼգССǳֹеѹҺʵ죬ֻѡ

εЦһ£ǰ˵׷ߵġĻ

Ǻչ㡣
ǡְ˭岻ֱ˵飬ڷ뻹±Ϸ˵й֮࣬Ѹתƻ⣬˼ļ

ܻػַë̺ļı죬ʱһȥɡ
һӸֿĴƷĿǰѻڻزֿҪʱλøƷƷ

̱Ļתעޣʱһȥ졣



ҹʱ֣ݼ٣ϰ࣬Ժͺ
ǱƽȵĺǣĬĬؼͷϵĹ

Ŀǰʵм⵽ġδ춯ѪҺƶԡ춯õδ֪ɷΪŴѧϢĺ֪ʶΪз籩߼
忿ߣҪݣͼó׼Чо˼·뷽

ҹ㣬ƣ˸ָѹѹ̫Ѩ

һؼĽڵ㣬ֽչֻҪǱСʱܵõĽ

ѹס⣬δյš

סһûйعţӦؾãŮ֮ûʲôܿԡ

ȴǲð
ȥһۣڱ˯Ůѣ˲ʮ㣬ɻ

ҹʱ֣йδ춯Ϣȷġܡʩչ󣬳Ϊһۣ

˵ܵʩչǡ־ʶ붯
ôϣڲúĽͨоҩΪһȫȶ硪еı춯ܹĻ£ƽ˳ػš

ܣǷĩǰ

ϲϲޱҸ֡
ҪǳеΣգڻѻЦ֣ؾڻһڡ

΢Ƶƹ£걡Ƭ˫͸侲롪

̰룬Ұδܹڼûͬ£Ҳܰȫǵ뿪أѩб΢Ц




63.   63    ĩһʮ죺顭

ÿһ˹ʺ, ҪķѾ޴ԴֹҪгصĻϣҪɻعҵػĽܱ֤̰ܺȫ
ܿԶ, 곤оĿվӢ뵱عƿнͨĹԱ̸, , 㿿ǽ, ϸضĿǰѾϵĻϢ

򹫲Aĩ, þ޷ѼĹˣҲˣڰĳѧѧĲѧ

ָȵÿһ䡣
ԽǷɺ, ǰͬĵص㻷ˣѾԽĩʱڻС
ĿǰվԮõĹңû֮һ
ۣȻܰ˵
ҲֻԸ⽫ԼĿǰľԮ蹤ΪĿǰЧϺõĹ֮һ

˹߳ġӹ֮õļֵۣĿޡ



ѽеϢйһ, ſվչԱĽصἰķ̹ǻҪﱸһʱ䣬ܽҪԴ롣

˳Ӧ, תͷ, ʾ⣺߰, ɻɻԱάޱҪһʱ̡ܷ
ͬӿڴͳֻʲݵطһֻյĵڴ˴λһ̹ͬԱ, üͷ΢΢ţ侲ޱȵһʱþϵһ°ǵعĹˡ

ǰ˵飬ÿһ˹ʺңڶûԱ
ƱҪࡣ

վңңһܻӡŻյķɻҪĹҼǵҪˣ𣿡

Цŵͷǵġ
곤üǾ;ɣŻʱ䣬Ǵؼҡ

=
ĩٺĵһʮ졣

ʮģͳ˽ڡ

û죬ؾǰϢͬڸؿչһϵнĿΪڵĵʿ׵˼߶ĿǰԵļͥʡһٴΪ߻δ
ǸԪüŮʿҲϼ쵼ߴŰǶ硣
ǻҴǵһӰɥɥŮȴҧ곤ߵְ𣬺һ

ڻкܶʧȥӡɷҴǣĩٺ໥֣飬˴磬ˡССͥ
ϼȻǱøԪüҸӵͷиӦóִǰ˲ԼչԼľ

Ԫü̬ͣ쵼ĺģֱ˵Լ᲻ȥɷ͹ŮԸʱڹϡ

ңҪϢĻûһ˽ˣԪüЦ˵˿ɱҪöࡣ

ϼΣп̾ȴҲö˵ʲô

ʮģ˽ڵ죬ڵĲľϵߴӲֿһѵĻ֣ܴ߷˲۰׺ġõ塢װٺϡۻƳգָĻܣӦоС

֮ĩǰģӪﻹҪ٣ֻҪһܴʹ͹ǰƬĻš

Щ˹ĳ־ȡһֻ
뱻Ԫüǰ°࣬ѹ˽ڣųصûԶ˻ľϵڴ߷ʻСƳ漷Ļ·ЦһЩģ˱ˬʻأũѧСʵľϵ߸Ļ

һָ֮£һһʤգЩһ˴Ļ߻ء

๻ü֧ɡ

ڴʻ̧ߣʣò缰ɣ

Ƶصͷû뵽ȻһӾͲˣǰôˣ

ľϵ죬̾˥ǡ
Ҳ½½س˻ڵġҺĿƫƫ˭ûǿ缰
ٸӣһСʱĻֻʮ֧缰ʮڴĻܾ͵ֵһСʱڴ
Ҳѹڹ֮࣬ܰŻĹԱǻ˽ڡ

ֵƣʵȡ
Ҫ֪缰ܱӵɫһֱʮպеļ
֮ȥһԭַ֦ܽҶػ

Ǹص㣬ѾΪڹ̶Ĺ۾ʥءʱ򣬶ҪɫһҰ飬ʵĳء

·һľϵߵĸпû̫缰ǿӵˮͰŵʻ֦гϲģ̧ζ㣬׼뿪

û߼ԭС˸ŻĹԱ

۳ǰ򲻹ŻҪߵķ룬æ£ǰĻһѵĻݸЩ˽ڿѽ

ûüܾ·˵ŪÿЦãǿĻϻųʪˮ飬ζŨͷǡõ塢õ塭

ܿ죬ЩƻͻĹԱǣνϵʻڷڹϣȴԵȡǡ

ҵҵŵľϵߣڻСӲԶȥˮɫ뷱ԱȣͻըѣϲɴЦ⡣

չһ»ʻ֦Ҷҵķء

=
һĵһʮ졣
һ˽ڡ

ܽŵزϵƯϡһյƯ͸ĲƣһƿͶĹƣ˻һЩó⿡決ǣԻתƽʳȡ
ŻصĽ跢չʳòΨһľͲѡھסĲַסһӵԼĳĩǰڲҵΪĳʦҲ԰Ҵӹʳʳȡ֣нס

Щ˽µĽΪزδֹӾѧǶ˵Ļҽסǻϣ־

ͺǱµģ㹻ȵ°ʱʳȡ
忴ֱʱѾߵĵʮ֡

ܣȷϰѼøɸɾǳʱ΢΢˿

ڴʱŴԿ׿¿ʱ䣺㣬ԶԶδ°ʱ䡣

ѸŵķߣŵĶƽʱЩˣ·ͷʲôһ

忪ţͺͱһʻķϡ
лؼңϸǳǳķۣӨʱʶǣѻʻݸ˽ڿ֣

㵡΢㶣ӹһʻû߼˽ȥһףૣ·ʱ򣬹ԱĻ̫ˣ㱧ۻˡ

Сˡ
һɰģС޷۰ľϲУЩ׼𣿡

޴رһʻ۽޲ϵķӵ΢΢һһμ⸱ӡ

̧ӣӱºеͶƣٵƯĲƣһһĿ
ͬȴϼָʾһ½ģȣŲ˽ڣšǵĵһ˽ڡ

ĵĽһϵеİţ˼صúܺã벢ûв죬˵ҪҪؼҺһȥʳóԶٴ³ĲƷ

˵ѣͬķ벢ûвڸǵЩϸڡ

弫Ц˫γů³ɣ

ºв𿪣ȫǷ밮ԵĲȡ
ƵڱУ΢ˬڣɫơ

彫һʻ˷ڵĻƿΪ̫ˣķ˺һӲŲ껨
תͷǰķ룬°ͣؿ

Էʵе̫ˡ
ǻǰ˽ڸеգصڵƣƯ͸յ뵵΢£պò͡



Ǹʰ;ߵһλֻҪڼңͲ÷붯Ļᡣ

ҹʱ֣סΧסҲŮЦ

ʰҾߣ棬϶תͷͿ뱧ǻûĵͶƣССڵ
Ǻģһ

뻹ر󷽵ؾ˾ٹƣշ죬𣺡Ҫ𣿡

ˣȰɡĵͶƣ̫ʺʱ̫˽Ůѡ

Ⱦһͷڶͷʹ
йעκβʡ

һѵվۻֻǳǳСڣͲˡ
൱ûȣҲ޷ľ١

ǰƵľƾƿͶšĵؼʰŷ룬֪һУźȾƣɷԴȣȵˣ̵ߵҴߣпͷС뱭ƣð춼û

мˮ˫֣תͷһûġ
һؾǰ˼򿪵ź󣬿ءãسգһۡ


ϵıסˡ

ûǰСڷſ۲˿̵״̬

ҵ˵ͷĹƿ˼䣬еʱŰ뺬⣬뺬Ц˵壬һ¡

׳˵
ԭֻҪһڣʾ϶ڽ˽ڵŬҲллôĹչˡ
룺ǲǡ顱ģҵôôģڸ涼չѡǳˣ

ûֵܵùǿҪ߽ڣĴߣ̽ҪգǲǺȾͷʱ޷֮£ֱ۱һק

°һζǡ
ȻƮ˴ǣһ·ϣӱǼ⵽üǣٵģյƤ

ʢ貵Ĺ⣬Цһû˵

⣬ѵһҺ
ֺ·ףƶһãȰȰȵϡ

ҲԺȻƬԺһͷιȥʣһЦõ壬˯̾Ϣ

ֻţҲɲ峢ѣֻõԺһ䣺һ˯ɡ



գĹֻһѸٵ塣

𣿡ڱķ뱧Թţһֻ鲻ԸӶѵСܡţǱηðˡȻû׼ʱ̫ǰ

̫ɰˡ

ŬؿסĿӿϲ֮飬˵ǵģ첻ǻݼ𣿼˯ɡ

ס˱֣ȴݣૣǾһ˯ɡ




64.   64    ĩһʮ죺

ϼ׼ȷϢǰ, ӼзAĹʺཫƻڻʱ䣬ʮҷɻء
ʺʱԼʮСʱͻıʱ䡣Ҳζ, ǽڶʮյҹʱִֵС

Ԥ, 뻪ڴǰĹͨѶ󲻾, ٶȳ硣
ĸĸ֪ʱĴ̸, Լ֮硣ȻзAݵ˺าǵԭƻҲǸӽҪĿ꣺Ůžۡ

ʱԽ, Խš
ĬĬؿ֪˽ǰܹƭ룬˳ؽܼƻ, ף֮ĵһ˽ڣҲнĲɵԵʡ

ʮ㡣ع㲥֪ͨ˹ʺ༴ɻؼСʵڣժ·֣˷ţͷһڹʱַ߳ͷڷ벥Ϣ

ǻع㲥, ڴǰJ908Aĺ࡭ԱϢ磬ȷϽڻʱ15ʽɡ

û̫
һЩ΢ĵط, ڹ߳ôʶϾ, ԥ, ֻǼ̵˲䣬׽ˡ

ʵڵͬ̽ͷһʱ䶼еƣûڹʱʵҡҲ֪һ

괩ʵҰ״, ֱ۴࣬ǽڷƣָⱡǳǳǸֱ֣㲥ֹͣ¿ϱ͸ķ֣ʵڡ

ȻЩİ⣺ʺأĸĸҪصڡ
Ŭѹס΢ֻšǳǳţ۽ޣ£

أᡣֱֹͬغ壬ǲǰڴԼˣ

һѹ񣬵ͷһһñǩԼһ֮޹صԹܼϡ
嶨ؿǰԼȻ̾˿
ԼŻغʵλãǸǸԼϵ©

û£ͬ¿һۣʵ̲סк棬Ƶô£翪ʼеӣʲôҪæ𣿡

忴ǰŮͬһۣŮͬʵеġмҡĩǰһδ֤֮˵غδĩ˽⵽ϢŮͬµĸĸɽڣĿǰҲڻھְ

ûиĸҲӲ֪εĳദ
ˣнƣִٲ

Ůͬ¿ɣΪʲô˶˵£û˵䣬͵̾˿ܼɬʵ

һ£ɷô㸸ĸദģ

Ůͬһ㶡
Ŀ϶ıƶϡʵҹʱ˳ᢵ꣬ѵ¶ŵı顪ޱϵѯʣͼӸо˿еõܹϢ

Ůͬ±ĳϿҴ򶯣˼̣ҰϹϵ

ļУ̰ؼȡ˼ʽеѶϢ
μģϣڲúõС

=

ĩٺĵһʮ졣
ʮߡ

ĸڽҹʱ֣ʺؼС

յA෵̵׼ȷʱʱõ˺ԱϢ

뿴˸ĸ֡

[][֥]

֮ȷ¸ĸ֣ƽҵĵṩϢĸĻƱ¼ͼ˵ʵҳϣ¼Ƿȼٵʱ⡣

ĸĸԪü첻Ҫϰ࣬Ҫú׼ҹȥӸĸĹ𣬼ǵǰס죬谲źס

ضҴǵİסַһ㶼˼䣬֤ճޡ
ԸҪڻػȡ֣ոԸطݿѡ˫ȹ

Ԫü˵ݣѾ׼
µĲȡ㹻Ļ֣游ĸ˼Ϊ˫˼䡪ʵҹ£ضԿԱĹܳʱﶼûжù֡
ҲǴǰһԸȴΣǰݳУΪĿ׵ǡϵգʳסṩİ÷˵ĸ˻ּûôϡ

ȻѡΪĸ˫˷ǰ
ıҲˡ
˻ֵĽڸʱǽ»תƽ׸ٶµĻ֣صлغ󣬵ʲôش֧ʱܻǰ˵һ

εġش֧Ŀ֪ͬһ

ԭ˻۷֣ˣҰ裬ǵ
ûǿһҪĸ˼

ֻϵδ齨ͥǵ»ǷɣûǿѱҪΪŮѵļľ

̫ǣһжֵ
˵ɫʧǣ֪˵Щʲô

ȫĳ֮ҪĸĽϲУûע⵽屻仰˵ġ

ǵŮͬ˵ɷϵνһż棬ę́ơҰְ̣˽ӡǰСͷС̫̫üЦ
ʱŮͬµɷֻǡѡݣԶĵزĸĳμ棬͵ѶŮѡŮѼ˵ӡ

е£֪ҪôԼֻļ˺á˽Ը֮Լı׼ԭ˵ڵĻٸı䡣
ʵؾãûбҪΪĸĸ

ȥס죬
ʱߵĵ㡣

ɻлкüСʱ

ԪüһСʱǰ˻յĺոϢĿǰXXϿգ˳

תͷĲеֵãôˣ

괩ͬɫķ£ڴůϲֶȥײա
ʲݣеŵϵı飬Ѹٶչ¶һЦûʲôҡ

ȫⷽ롣
ֻ̫ԭ

ʹеĿչȣ״£ƽ˵Ȼ尢ҪһȥҪļҾߡƷ𣿡

ʱ仹磬ذȥĴСʱ̡
гԣʱ¡

ͷ˵á
ܿ죬ҲǿǴ˹븸ĸĳɾ͡ûע⣬͵͵Լĸ˻ˢ˾󲿷ճرƷȵعõعԱġѾˢˡظʱεسһۣͺسЦ

忡ÿĳ࣬ЦʱţƲȥ䵭԰ףڻ˴ģֻԷһչ¶΢Ц

뿴ð죬ڿ嶼е޴ʱţͱšһ¡

еʹ
ͷȴ̵ġ

ۡ޿κεСС

=

׸߿תͿշУ뺽չ磬ȷϵͿȺѱ֤ذȫԡ

УǳںڰеĳӰ
ĩǰȫͼУĻǵƻͨȻ񣬳ȶĵϵͳѾϣֻ׵ߵĴڣŻڵʹá

εڼԸ⵽࣬ٶܽǿģҹԼʽ߾Ȼ޷ټۿȥжڻڰɫС

ңңһıݻأ͸Ź

һڲ̨ǰһ߶ߵļ˵ѳ˿ע

Ѳݹ㲥ʾճ˿עⰲȫ

ϰΪ൭һƽؽ֮ҪԵʲôҹҪȥʲôˡ

ɣ͸ȥ󲿷ֵطƻͨȻǻר׵ϵ߽ͨ磬֤Ұ

ԹŻϤȽĲ

ɻѲָ½ص㣬١
ɻڿո߶𽥽ͣȼ¸ߡ

ػäϵ[ע]



ټܣܵƣ˳ŵء

ƽĻʱ䡣
˿ͻڴһĹܿ죬˷һ룬չüۡ

ͬ˿ڽűߣͬɵĻ΢Ц˳ˡ

ǣ̾Ц˵Ҳпʮ죬ҪúϢһ쵼ҪнҿɲԸȥˡ

һͬǿվЦŸͣǰۻˡ
Ҳʹ˳˴˻

гӣ˳˳ͣ¡ſ˿ǽ⿪ȫȡ»

ǻһ»ġ
ֻػʱ˻ȶṩźţ֮ǰϢҲһһ
ûֻ̫Ϣһ곤оķԱ󣬴ߡ

Ļƹ⣬ȴУһ۾Ϳĸĸҹʱ֣Ѿŵˣǽٵصȴƽ

ǰӵס˸ĸ飬֮С

ĸطſϧظһգ˵˵㣬Ҫ

ʧЦ׼һղĿš
Ϳĸ򸽽Цڴǣİɣ

ѣš
ڿȺεĸĸ֮࣬ͬע⵽˷롢塣

ҴҸϵĸߣñ֮飬Ѳûд뿴µĳ˿ʱһ˲硣

곤ӢˣĵŮˣ뷽Ⱥңңӡ

ǲû飬ָľʹ
ãȻգգۣû˵仰

һ̣ͱһůܰĻӵס

룬ҵı
裬ĵرܿ죬ϸ˵šˡĶͷһǡ

İְ֣ƽ䣬òԵس忴ȥʵ𣿡

Ƿİְ֣ᡣ

˹֣ͻƣллôչˡ

ܳлŵس֣һ£ŵصҲһֱչңǡӦ˴ˡ

ѾǲľѾֱϸԵ״̬

ʧµرĸ§ڻ׶ͷգ޵İʡ
еţʶš

ȻҪˡ
һŮһ̽ˡ



ĸ˼صϵô

΢Цüɿĸ֣˵ķȥ

ԱװȫͷƤпˡɫƤѥü͸ųЦ⣬ӢˣĴڸʮǿңͼԣڷ뱻ĻŪ֮ʱҲʶؿڵķλ

Ѻòشкʺ򳤱

ᡢ֥º͵س΢ЦȻӡ󲻴

ܿ죬ժͷӡ

һ糾͵΢Ц
û˵һ仰

񣬸




65.   65    ĩһʮ죺롭

벢޴
Ӽĸĵһ, ĸױڻУܽӴ˲䣬֪һżܵĹϵ

֥ӵŮ֮ÿůס, ƽº͵ѯǷҪæ, ס
ش⡣

˼, ûҪæ, ˵ţҺһס, ס˫˼

ĬضһۣǶŮͬӵȻû̫

ˣɡ
ǲ̫ܺڸϵľ, Ψһעص㣬ֻͬһʱĲԾ

룬ǵŮڿǵһ˲䣬еã㹻ᡢֱ֥ܴڵ⡣

̵Ľʱ䡣ҹʱ, ӻصأæµһʱ伫, ߵ㡣

մAص, ˿̲ǽĺʱ֥뷽Լʱ, Ȼ󣬸ĸ˾סԷֱ

سЦԹԵ˵ټ
Ҳܱ׾, Ͽ˵ٻᡣ



գĩٺĵһʮ졣
δŮ棬ϼᡢ֥סϢ顣

ȺA̹ĹˣǻĿǰõϢԴԱڹһʮķȻŹ֮쵼רʱԤ˹ΣݼλĿǰԷAԸعĹУĩõġ

ΪÿͶˮ֥ѾڻרǰṩϢ

ǵģҺɷг֤֥֘ƽصAԹװϹǾԣЩװĩٺṩ˲ٰ

Aй̶ɷıƸǰĹԱһˮͣĩٵʱ򣬴ҡǹʱµġͳһԾʱʱΪ׼ʱ䣬AԶʱʱΪ׼ʱ䡣

ڵ賿ĵ㣬ǰݵҡ

Իǵһʱ˱ڵܺ뿪ңȥ̽ϢѰʳ

Ա̧̧۾Ͻʵǰ죬ûзõ£ͼȫϵġڰաóAݵص˿ڼʡ

֥һۣһ̧üһ䴽
󣬷ͬ˵סĵطǱֻһ

֥͵ⶰŮʮ꣬ȥʱһۿеġͼΧûھӣʺжȼ٣ʺһþӡǮһǧ𡢻ӽΪ˳רŹķӡ

ԱûеĲԾֻз֥֪ĩٺж𾪵ʮķһСִֵطҪⶰӵǿԸ

ǶİȫԼǿжңɷΪʳҡֵȡ

ɫߣ빤Ա̸˹ƣǷߡǰڼ֮𽥻ָҵĲ²⣬˿ֻʣ¡

ԱдŹʣһЩϢ¼Ա㽫ռ˽⡣

ֱϢԱ䲻ʲôʵˣλܵǼǲǻû¼

֥Цŵͷḽ͵ţһŮȥǼǡ

ԱȻ֪ǵŮ˭һʱҲ΢Цûϰ࣬Ҳˡôһֱ粻ϣʱȴһû

Է֥ɵ¶΢Ц

ŶŮĽ߹Աῴʱ䣬Ѿߵʮ㣬СʱǰŮ磬˵˹ԱǽĽ̡ȵǽˣټ̸

ͬסһƬסҪ˵ԶҲʮӵĲ̡

֥ȥŮĿǰסһ



﷽ļҡ

ʱԥԵ֥һۣڶʱڣûֻ̬Ĭؽ˱˴˵뷨

ţſ

ŮŰ֣ð죬Ǳ˭һԴ㣬µءľľؿǡ

·ǿʲôηޱȵ

֥ͷһᣬĸŮײŻعɿŰѣӭӽڡ

⿪ʼĲס

˵벢֪￪ʼ˵𡪡Ϊġ顱ĩǰصѿͻġڻҽֻ֡ߣΪܡ£˴

ÿһǶ룬ڶѡ
󣬻Ƿ˵˻

ƽѰģǸ׶ŮĵҺܻڣĻ㵱ʱҪµķӣÿ̶

AıڣҴ洢бʳƷӪһϵʱرĲƷ
ʵʳƷAĹ֥࣬ÿ깤;AʱѭŮ˼Ϊһ

ϰߣڷСʱɵġ

֥Ĭع۲Ů̬飬ٿ䣬ر˱ۣѹסһ˲ʹɫ̫ѾֲԾĹؼɷĻǵʱΪСԣĿ̫ɵϰߡΪ谮Ů˵ÿһ仰趼ϡ

ҪȫԼߵıǾǮ
Ҫڱĵװ֣±ʲ֣ÿ̶ʱ乺ɹһڳһʳﴢ˵ÿһ仰ƶϷûе֣ȫ˵ȥˣûаܡᡢ֥ͬԼ˵ǳ谮Ů¼զࡣ

֥뷽ĩٺĵһ죬ʱ㣬󣬵ϣձŮ˵ÿһ仰ԸΪÿһ£յõ˻

ǲ뿪ֻڵʳˮһء

֥˵ҺͰְڹǶʱúãӦҪ鹦㡣

ڵƹ֥һ̵ãȻ

̵˵һ䣺裬Щȫˡ

ʹļ䡱ұ֮һ

Ļºͬʱʶһܡ

֥Ĵڣ÷еʹĸԴ֥֣̽סŮָȴݣһ飬Ļ𣿡

㵣ʶ߬ĸ׵֣ᣬԸſô᣿
̽ġ

ùԣһֻСвȩ̀Բצһֻϡ

ôԴͲϡ
侲룬֥ڼ̵˲ȷϰͬ˵µĴ

ʧȥ䡱
ұƶȴʹࡱ

ǺŮļ䣬ȫǣģ

ܴӴ˿̵ķпϤģǵĺӸеԸ
Ľ⣬޷εġ

뵽˺ܶࡣ
ŮʱĿϲڿ׷䱾Ҫ°ǵıԸңʳƷ
ҵϵķչÿľ£ǶAҵ鿪̸Ҳʹʹʱڣסڱڡ

֥ĩٺ󲻾ã۹ŮʱľٶڶԤ֪ΪǴ˿ɿȫ
ܹȷǣʱĿϵĹֹעѧϰϣȫһСеӡ

֥Ĳ֪룬Ծɽס֣һûϵʲôҪ֪ģְ趼㡣

ȴļ䣬ѽʧ䡣
أš
ĳ̸Уṩġʱ䡱˼ȷһ޷ƷʵǷ֥Ů롣

֮ûΪ顱ĩǰ֪ͨĸΪںܾǰΪǳﻮࡪƾŸĸ밮⣬ȷĩٺ˳

Ϊĸ׼
Ȼĩǰԭļ䡣

Ϊǡߡ״̬˶ĹУԶȶͬʱֶ侲߼ȥΪҪĿꡣ

ԣ̱

ڻβΪ̶ȵر֤Լʡ

ĿǰΪֹò

ʮ
˼ף֮·ϵҪ


ʵңѾƮ˼
Ůͬ£İؼˣôû˼Ұѽ

̧̧۾ش͸ĸ졢̸̸ģϾкüûˡ

Ҳôǡ

Ůͬ£˵Ҳǡ
һ٣Ůֺͬʣĳμ棬ֵô

һʱûܵõ𰸣˺ð죬ǰ΢΢̾˿شҲȷ

һ䣬ϣҺһŬǿһǿĿֵġ




66.   66    ĩһʮ죺֡

֥, ڴA󣬾ͳΪ˻ϼ쵼ʱĶ
Aʱ䣬㹻˽AݵĴܹ׼ȷطĿǰA, ĿǰȱϢһһ֪һҲڻгΪ⡢ҪĴ, ڹƵķ, ռá

ĸͬеǿãǡˮϵܡ, ֥ǡϵܡ
˽عʿǿʱһܲԡ֥һǿʧĿ, ׼ýӵÿһĿꡣ

ȫͬĸϢǼǣûдϵ׿Խ֡

֥Ŀܲݽӵ˰га, ڰϣǶֵѡ֡ǿȲԣ֥𴽽ǣ΢ЦͫϷʵ˧𣿡

Ѿһ̧ʧЦΪӵĳƨҫ

Ů㱶壬Ũϲ㽵ؿͷ˧

֥, һڣ۰ᣬܹܺõر, , Զġ

ܿṩɾγˮ, 룬һ뿪ضܹúܺáȻĿǰǾ󲿷Ҵߵѡ, ҡΪҴı࣬صĽϡ١

ᡢ֥ĴڣΪ˷֮⣬ι̡Զıȶɽ

пܷ֣ȴԶǰ衣

ᡢ֥̫ڻصк󣬴Ůļ̸У˽⵽ġܡΪ㣬ܶԣӰšʶͶ

뵽һ֪õ˻Ȼڰȫȶĺƽ
ҪĸһЩ

ûдǰļ䣬ȴйСĵλ䡣
ѧ׶԰ٵСߡǺϲǴǰȻˣɴʱ룬вðһͷҲСšܡĩٺˣδܡ⡣

⣬ʱʼ˶ߡ

ֱĩٺ󣬸ĸطһЩСС¼΢ϸУİŮͬӵ
ûиˣֻһڵܡ

֥ʹüۣΪųʱɷҪһΪŮһɡƤͷ
ķ֥һ޵͡

ԹԵس΢Ц۽촽ȻĿɰøĸ

֥ĶͷɿŮſ

ְܼ⼸Ҫͻ쵼һĹƣŵͳ͸ϲ֣ϣذִϣ߬סˣæһӣпͰְԶٷ

룺û⣡

ʱһͷеᣬͷĵʮ㡣

ͷһΣĩٺеޱȵġʵİġİȫвһ˵Ĵڣ鸧οͬڰ¡һ使۵Ļڷҡڣ֥뷽ôſɡ÷һƬꡢʹֺ



սһֻɽ죬磬ŵⶬҪߣ콫ѩòˡ

㡣
սָָսޣһšһеȺӹĩ٣죬Ҳ󲿷ѭ˹Ȼɣڻůʱڣػؼ硣

ҭˣ˴ˮĵսѽŴٺؽɷ

ˣ˵ۻũѧҪ㻧ⲥ֣

ӦõģϾʳҲͶԸ꣬һսĨĨ죬ϣʱ֡ѿ˳ܳµ



ػأ˻ع㲥дϰΪǼԼʱİ㲥Ůĵǻع㲥ղϢתůнڽӭꡭ

΢ЦŽֽƸǼǵĹԱԱһ߸֧¼Ż֣һżҳ⼸ôͷû𣿡

ӦţؿǼǽ˵ټ

ڹ㲥Уﵽ£͸ֺεϲã·һ̫öξɢչ⣬˽ա

ݽůʼ
˫ֲ嶵ߣŶĬ΢Ц

룺ķ룬ľﹾ๾ðҲ̲סΪˡ

кñ롣
ʱ£һʮĿ룬˭֪ᲥԱǰڻֻһˡ塣ֱǰЩʱգ븸ĸطꡣ

ĩǵһʮ졣

ʹڣǿǿĩд׹¶ʧĸװ衭ڻصУ˼ʹϵӦ˴ˡ׶ܿ׹¶ѪԵϵĴ˴֣뵥ְϼͥһӣʧĸٻѡȥ¶ǽ븣Ժ԰ͬչδǡ

ʱͬڣ˽ڵҴʱʡ븸ĸʧĿõģûн븸ĸʧı뵽Уһֱȫע渺

㡾ְءһ˿
еϧ
ĸĸط꣬ܶ˶һˡ

³һӲӢβסůʣŹ㲥ķ¼ͷЦૣĺܿİ

=
ĩٺĵһʮ졣
ᡢ֥Aĵʮ졣

ʵڵͬȻæŹʱؽݣϣ춯
Ӹʵҽһֻ춯Ͻɲڵ½Ӳ޷ж֤ȡʱİȫԡ
δ춯ڳȡѪҺѪҺʱĿǰ޷ġδ֪ɷ֡ѪҺֱעñ춯ڣ۲ٴӦȷϸδ֪ɷֵľЧá

Ѹ٣ɿ

עѪҺջ˱ϵܣ¶Ȼů춯ﻺգ˫ۣ֫ʵڵļؾͷרӰϽڱ춯ľͷ׽ŽܻᷢһзӦ

ʲݵؿ˼ۣûнʱ䶼ķڹ۲ϡ
תͬæķλȥС

æµݣʱʱͬµϸڣֻϽڵı춯

ʱʡźʱ䡪עѪҺѾȥһСʱ춯ķӦûĿɼԺת
ͬʧ૵ѪҺע벻УǵÿǸ֪ɷ֡пҵ취

ʱ֣°Ϣĵ㡣

ͬѾʼժ״ӣ׼Էһģֻյ˷Ϣ

ߣ

̵̧⿴ȥ
ʵڵͬҲע⵽˷Ĵڡ

ڣժ˰״ӵͬﴩзֻ廹űķ֡ʵҰ״ӣαͦӢɫвȻ뾪ϲ

뿴
ڲǱߣһ£ײ

ͬЦкǵغ룬ѽ

Цŵͷѽ粻ֵ࣬Էȥ
Ůӵۣеɣеů

ʰĶһЩ
ͷϸǳǳЦ֣⵽

֡ܽһס״ӡ
վʵ̨ԣӵͬʱĲɵ̧֣ժܽס󣬹ǽڷ޳ָסԵժ˷֣¶֮󣬱Ƭδڸס˫

鲻ԽۣЦ

ϻǰ̣ʱľ۾񡢾ҵ桪䵭
ڿһ̣롰䡱йصʶƮȻɢȥֻʣůЦ⡣

ϲáʵͬǻû뿪£Ҳû룬ԥ˫֣ͷȻһȵİġ

壺

һ˲ȣһ˲ġ
Сʱġ

ҸĽͬĽʵĿ£̧֣ޱϵץסͶǸġ
Ѱץؿڵλá




67.   67    ĩһٰʮ죺ԡ

ĩٺĵһٰʮ졣
, ¶ա

³ũѧصĿѾʼ׼ⲥ֡ȳԵĵص㣬λʱظڵĳƬָءůѩں󣬵ϵѩ, ԭռƬصıֲѾڻϵߵĻ渨ȼ֮, յһɶ

, ǿڻ˹Ļ

ʱصũѧоԱ̫, Ҫæµأ»һ󹤳̡ڻ, ĩǰũҵصҴǡڻͳһİ£¸ƺƵ׼֯һǰֵص㡣

˴, ʵռԼʮĶԼ۾ḻĿԱ⣬вʵپḻũǺԸľϵˮϵϵǡ

뿪ǰյ缰ϢϢУܵ˵Լ⼸û桪ˣʮæµ

֪ᣬ˸á
ֵ໥һ˴˵Ϣ, ȷԷܰԼŵ׵Ҳͷûٶʡ

شſ, 㲥ңң, , ŽũʵϢ

ũҵĿľϵˮϵϵǼ˴ʵﲥּƻԤڿչʵʩĿ

ԽҰأǰĽл͸, ۿȥԶֲѿȥ︴գķܼڵĿԱͬҲΪиŬǱġ֤֡ʳͼƱصʳȱ⡣

ѣ·
һжϣ

ߵһߣ͵һɳơ

սѺˡСӴ£괺Ķ衣
Цֹſڵ٩䣬ܿҲħƶ£ź˸ҥ

=
һũҵʵʽֽʱ
Ϊˮϵߡһṩˮʮˮϵߡ⻹ǴδùҺʵ£ֳǿȡ

AݻصУᡢ֥뷽롢ĽУ˽صʽճ̡Ƶȵȡ

֥ʺսλϳ֣ܸʱǳ䵱ҡݡ
˴ũҵʵũҵĿѰ߰ʱû¸ɣŮ£Ĳ

μʵĿû̫ػͳһźЩߣ֤⹤İȫԡ

֥Ⲣͬɷľ֪˴γĿȡ⣬в鿴ʱĿġ

ܿ죬ڡˮϵܡϱǿȼߵķᣬر˴˴Ŀչ
գ㣬յ˰ְֵϢ
ϢУ˵ԼѾŴ뿪أǰʵ

˺һܵʱ䣬飬æòɿ



ʳã֥뷽ţϰڷһЩƷЦ̧Ůʵƽʱչ𣿡

롰šһ
Ӹսڣ϶ɻ

Ҳôǰе㲻˼ʱҲá

֥ϵЦˣһȺˣڴǰŶӵϡ
ǲǿԼųԷֻ

֥ڻع󲻾ãаݺ󣬱һʽļԷ˽˴ˡ
ӡ㲻ȻҲǳ㣬ռʱ£֥һ˺øС

ȻĸľԶԺӵָָ㡣
ѶŮĺøĿáǻصкϼҵҳҵȨҲ˽磬֥Ůʿĸ涼лġ
ȫܿѶ⣬ӰԷ޶롢ǣڶ̬ȡ

ÿɷ񣬲׷߶ۡ

ع񣬷ũҵĿ飬˻ؽ滮šڴǰְ֥ҵǽ滮йأʱҪرԽƹͼ˽йڳй滮еռȡ

մӻؿû೤ʱĽ滮뿪ǰʳóԷ֥룬ѡ



˷ݵĲ͵صλϣ̷ϣΪŮʿúĲ;ߡһк󣬲ſڣԵĻһȥ㡣

֥Ц뷽һ̧ۣüõŮһȿɰĴȻſãЩˡ
лл㡣

޴رŮлһ£׾ػӦӦġ̫೤¶ıҲѰ볤ദĳ߶ȡеʱرţ⣬һֱĦſӡ

ԣ۳µأָĦӲϡ
Ŀתװ׽Էӣÿеֻ֣ѹѹָ

һ㤣Ȼһˣתͷؿһۡ

ֱָе΢ֱ˿̵״̬

밲ÿӸһЩˡƲԹԵضˡ

֥΢ЦŹ۲ǰСܹȷţŮθռżΪλá

ϸοޱȡ
֥ۿ˿壬֫ԣƳһ۳⣬˵ǽģ΢΢弡⣬ŬɵӣȴǱš˳سԵͶιʳ

ʱ⡣

ȫ֪ѾнףҲûʶ֥ĿѴ˶ѹֱ꣬ذ칫ص㣬Ĺһסİ·ϣסʱ㱾òԾʵôôأ

𣿡
üͷ׷ʡ

̵ǣûУôᡣȻĬĬؿһֻۣдĺãԥһſڵ

ǰûкͳ׽ദ

˺ܺã忡ÿЦһ£ͫ⣬ؽͣϣᣬֻеľ֪ڰǰֵúòá

ֻ̫һˣԼݡλ޷㰮ѵԤڣŻķӦ

Դһᣬʶһ㣬ľǱݶҧ˲µ

سЦһСܣ

ҰӲҽָָ㡣
ֻҪƫģԶ֧֡

[ƫ]
˵ʱƽֶȻ͸ǳǳЦ⡣ס֣ů۵ָģһһѾץסơ

㶵ؿ

ӡ

ѵһºᣬʣƫ𣿡

Цֱ׳ģ޿ɿܵ˿ɰ

Ȼ㡣

Ķ˺⣬ִٵشۿһַ̣ɿڲסǵϲ˵ʲôɵ󣬴ֻɬ׾ȴޱȣصҲܰ㡣



Ѵ沿ȥˡս񣬴ʡӻ˼Ŀǰڽȱļ˲š沿żȱо顢ḻҵԱǰڵԱشѧڵļԽרҵѧƽڡʿҪְλĿǰƿصٶҪרҵ˲š

һţͿϤ곤ŮԵڣ˵Ŵǰĳǽ滮̡

ƬУҴѧձҵʱ滮ֵ˵ͶӰĵͼ֮⣬ĵX㳡ȡ

֥ڴҵڴŹʵ¶ݣǵ͵Ůǿ˼롪ҵǮ࣬һҪӸõ븻ɷ󣬱Ѹ뿪ҵͷṲͬӪ𷽼ҳµĲҵ

ܴϻۣǰ·תд̣Ҳܾ׼гɷһЭֹͬ



ţϷʡҪڡ
֥Ҳ

ܿ죬ѵҲûߣʱ䣬°ʱ仹аСʱе˵Ļᣬ桪֪ÿ춼һԶٷ

ж˵˰Сʱ࣬صȵ˳°࣬ʱ΢Цѣǲ°ࣿ

в˼Ǽ⣺̣ҺþûԷˣѵһԶٷ

ֻ֥ˣ˿ϢӦ˵ְָպҲũҵĿڻˡ
ũҵĿĲּһ졣

һ죬ǰĵͻص˻ء

ѸˣǸã⼸û塭
˽˵ʱǺϲƯꡣ

һ·ʳõķߡ

֥ɷ绰ȷԷʳõλãĿĵߡ
ôǰУص㡣

ѱǰ˸һ£㵵ؿ缰վڷߡ괩źؼ򵥵ĻҺɫףŲѥı䴩ţе㡰Ĵ䣬Ȼû缰ѳ˵Ӣ

缰
ѣ

ͬ

᣺ʶ

缰͵ѡ

ѣѵû类缰ߣֻܵͷ𣬡ǵģѡ

ԭΪ缰ѾǹϷ绯һĻȴûϵӺ󣬸Ϸ绯ˡ

һ߽ʳֻЦ˭˵
żǿĹ۲ɿȺп˸ĸĴڣͫһȻ󣬲ſѺ缰

ȻǴ߹룬豧һ£Ƶؿʶ˵һΪĸ˳Էء

ĸˣֱ֥ᡢ롭Լ塣

ĬĬ̧ҲǶ˸塱˭ϵ¾Ȼ˸缰

Ȼʱ˿̣缰Ҳôġ
ǿ˴˺ܰۡ

ȵʱ۵Ķ˳µضһλ

꣬һԲȴаӿ

΢·˶̲ס࿴һۡ




68.   68    ĩһٰʮ죺

ûʲô¸΢ա

Թλڡ첻ͬĸԸ, ڡı﷽ʽҲĲ졣

֥һۡ
֥סһĨЦ˫´˷ϡ

ŮŬɷС
ǻȻΧʲôسԷ̧, вˡ׽, ΢, ȶ·ߵ˧·, ԵɺԷ



˾۲ͣԲġ
ʳдС֮, ԱҿۻᡢԼ

ֱߣֱĸĸ
缰˷֥࣬һԡ
, 缰м䣬е㲻ηеĺȻʮ侲

֮գʼûԷʱ˼ֶߡ
ʱ缰ѵĴڣ˿˫䵭, ǵͷ뷽˼䡪̸˭Ҳûƫƫ缰ѶܱʵĿģǿʸվߣ˵, ֻһ˶ѡ

Ѿϰ, ʼʶʱ, ֪ϵ
ͷȻУ̹Ȼν¡־ڡǽš;пܡ, עᷢ¡

ܳЦغкþûô
Ҳ̫ǰչ¶ԼġֹעǾԵе·磬̫

ԸʣЦӵԼķʽϸڡ

缰ⷽ棬ҲҪѷɫһЩ

۷壬üźǳʧ䣬һźк

˵ͳţ͸񣬡þòô

üͷ䲻ȵش𣺡ĿµͻƷأ

缰ƽľ˵ʵĹĿǰĿҲڻԵɺʶ˷塣

&amp;壺ưˣѹֽײһ顣

屾Լѣʱһֻ⬣Ծؾ˱̣ŮѵྲྀƤ𡪡κȾָĻᡣ
һתͷŮѣں֥˵˵˵ʲôûһȥõ˷һЦĻ͸ŨܵĽëͫ貾ĿǰûбԺߵĵ³Ӱ졣

屻ЦϮУܿ죬̾ѣ

֮ġӿ

ڳҲÿסԼ̬ȡ
Ҫ尢̾ϲ̨桭ϲ̨棬ϲּ£һܲһ̯ˮ

룺ѣҪ롢尢ϲģ缰κοɳ֮

=

ĳ̶ֳϣжǺܿĳˡ
֮Ҳ˵ڼ̺˾۲ͳԷʱŬȴֲɫ繫ȸҪչʾԼβ𡭡ƫƫˣǲܹ̫롢á

˼̫࣬ҲŲϣ˴ŶԷ˵㡰

ȫĳڸɷУǿǰꡪΪ顱񣬳ĸᣬ䡢޷Ƶʱ̡ľһѸ˳ӣߵƽԶǳȵģ֤ڸ·˵Էʽ

ǴҪ¼Ҫ

ǰ;ˣٷҪԶԡ

ԭ̫򵥣ڷ˽⵽ġĩľ顱У缰ѷֱжλãռݵıؼΪɫûеǵĵŭϵܹƿصĳ̶ϣõѡ

ȥ缰ΪʲôͷʶҲȥΪʲô֥һʳá̫ۣҲ׽Լ֮ĹϵСңɷʱ̣ܱôෳ˵ţ

ֱ׳ֲܡ
嶼û̫࣬ϾλһҲԸɽ̸ȨԷԼ

ڰȻչβȿֺڳǰԼ

شѧѧ˼άҲ㡣Ҫڷɻ˳ݡɹУҪѧϰ֧ͨѧơȻû缰ҽѧŵרҵѧϵİμɫҪ˵ɰ㲻

ʼֻùһȻǷϲԵˡ
ῴһ䣺ص﹩Ӧģڻص߹Ѿָ𣿡곤ûʶԼ仰֮ϳöĥ˵սߡ

˵꣬缰ºؽӹ磬͵ľϵǴѿĲƷ

ʵҲ顢ǿʱľϵǴ߷Ĳ磬ֲڲһ

شʱѱÿնǰȥ߷ջ߹ͻһ͵ʳüӹ

ߵġܡƴˮذĴڡδǳйΪܴˣûпɷӵĵضӶй

ҲΪδڽغҪְǡúúѧϰûؾҵλϹĳǰ㣬˺йܵάڡˮءĺȷΪ硣

ͬɵãһЩδؾҵλĳǣҲʱĻͨйܵķʽܡˮء
ľϵڻع㲥֪ͨ£˽⵽ôﹻǷܣͬʱܱ֤߹ģصҲͳľϵǳĵص㡣

Ŀǰڵ߹ӦܹȫǵÿһҴߡҲΪʲôũҵĿеؽ飬һʳ߹ʡʣȷ಻롰ʱ

缰ʱţźøеº͡ƽ˵渣÷׳ޣллһ̫˽Щ

ʶʲôס븸ĸصʱ䲻㳤ԺܶϢƿضȲߵʵڵʵڻ߹ṩĿǰвǿ涼ĩĵ´߹

շ;Уܴӻ곤ԱǿеõڻصİϢʵԣټƱ硢ó̶̼ڣͽһС÷Ȥķʽ˳

֥ʧЦ΢϶¶˵ɺ

һ߳ŷһŽ

缰ᵽľϵߴ߷߹ٵ˵𶳿Ᵽ桢Сԡĩ󺽿շеı仯ʵ뻰⣬ĩоķĿǰ۵ġԴʳࡱδȡȿɶἰݣݲȡɵ˵
˸ŹʣͼڳǰԡɫѧݣӮǵķġ

ĬĬ̧ͷ
ߣǵͣ׳Ƶ

ǵı棬о۾ļơ

ûע⵽̧ںŬü׶ԣְ֣߰ġʳࡱչ

缰ڸ˵ܶҽѧӰ죬ŮʡŴѺ仯ȫ֪Ϊʲôڲݡ

Ѵǽ˻ڿˣ˿ˮлͷ

࿡ʣüƯȻе㲻˼εǼ⣬ССسЦһ¡

һЦע⵽ѶĶ

͸塢缰˿̵ı˼ֵҲ²Բˡģ롣۲ϵĲȣּһԼϲƬ
һڣԵ

塢缰ͣĶ
һᣬһרע

ټһѡ
뿴롣

ͷһһӣû̫⣬ۣʮЦһ¡

ǳԱ𣿡

ôʣţѸټһ䣬ҿһֱ˵ûôŶ


æŸڣͼóǶӡӷֵˣԼͬضסˡ

ȻֿһڲˣһǱĸɷ޹أһ¶ĵģɰޱأûǣԷ




69.   69    ĩһپʮ죺¡

ĩٺĵһپʮ졣
, ʱ䣬

Ԫü飬õӦŶ롣һմӻʡлڴϢ, ü, ɫ, ͸ŵ벻
Ůԭɵļ米, ˲

ӣܿ, õ˸Ԫü̾ϢƵĳࡢƣصдݳ

һЩϢ

Ǧִӡĸ, ÿһֽҳ϶ӡص㡣

ֱǣСԴСگС߳ǡ

ӹһֽ
ѸٵɨǰֽҳϢָԣüۼ˲Īѱ桪溦

Ԫü̧֣һɽλãǰ溦ǹҪġ



봺ĿǰִضڽŴֻ, ͼҵֵѷʽз˼ҪáܣƼǱ߲档ũѧĿ, ǻĩǰͨƼоĻе߽ˮ, ͬʱ, ѵͬԺĵλͨ߷ˮ硱Ȳɻȱķʽֹ̡

רҲ²⣺δǵְҵԡܡΪ, ݱľϵ߽аٷ֮߰ʮĸʴҵֲصҵ

ԴƣҲʹҵⷢȡ

ڷ˽⵽ġĩġУ溦һʳסլϢصȸġشΣ
ʳΣͬĵطڣ溦ΣĽԸǿ
Ŀǰмʱȱ⡪ĩµʳ㹻¹ʣ˿ʳ֮áͬʱľϵߴũҲǿʳȱڵá

ת򡰳溦ΣƲֹۡ
еȵشϢУڵؽвֻ󲻾ã쵽ʪůпʼѡڴů֮ʣ˳ɹƿǶչָģǱĩǰǿ׳塢ʵǰᣬӲĿ

γȽϵ͵Ϸñȱ硣ϢеگС߳ǵȵأųѸٷɳ棬ԻⲥиšƻΪľ档

ػ/֯ȺڽеĴ粥жѾȺȡ˳ɹʵɫũŸճ治һ߸ߣѿ֦ͱıɸɾֻ˵رϵǳӡ

ȴֱƻĳ溦ΪеȵشϢУһЩؽҪǰεº桢߲˲桢ںȵȡ

죬ǰѳɹģ̻ĳ溦ֶεĿʧЧʧЧıǡηڱ˵ĶǰûκܹͨñȻУȷķη
ԴҩεȣҲ쵼³Чѡ

֣˵µ硢ͳ溦Ϯʱֲ޷˷

뻪һյĳ溦Ϣѡ
ڣ뽫еĸһ飬򿪲ҪϢ֪Ҵǡ

Դй۲⣬һڣлȳ;ԴСFСȺ·߲תƣ;н

졢ǿĻȳǣԡȳ񳱡;طʱƷɳʯݲĩǰȳȺӹӣǽľԸһɶĩ󣬱ȳȺпÿĿཨĿǰϢƻ

ĩеľ飬˳زݣе㲥ʶطһǰֽҳ

溦Σһս߼ҪึѪԽļվ

ǵã溦ķ˽ʱ䡣
ڼ䣬ڻеĲֹֹһΡεرƻ谭Ḷ̌شҵ߶̾Ϣ

Ԫüڲڣüͷ绰ͷ˽Žڹ

Ķ˼ȫصϢ˼ֱ˳°࣬ʱ˼ڴǰϡ

첻ǳԷѵһ֮ľʱ⡣

彫ϵĲƷãϣʺϷõλá̧̧۾̵ؿ

ֳգ۽Ũ͸ƹ·СƬӰͬĺʶһ£̫ҾŴ˿Ȼ˼ʲôµŮѡ

ֱӺ󣬷Żعۡ

е㲻˼ӣǸҸղ顭

ǰ̹ȻؽԼղ˼ʲôǵڲҲڳ溦еء

˵

˽⵽ϢУĩǰũѧԺţũѧԡԶ׼ũѧϵĳ溦к뷨ʮֺġ

ϵǣһ仰ôʵĹ淶ԡרҵԣ㵲ѡ

ĩǰʹеĸũҩDDTɱҡ顢ȱ顭ĩҪطɷʹã˵ֳܹ溦⡣

˵䣬ƽ̬侲ũѧнõĳɷ㲻ǡרҵѧǸͶũѧԺרҵѧ

廹ûüӦ˳µƽ⣬ԼҪ˵ݣҿ͹۵ɷб䶯ܿԱԸ󵨵سóɷ֡

ᵽݣĩľУڳ溦Σٺ󲻾ãٵĵһƾֵĽ취
ھ溦ϯȫº󣬲пԱ֯ϣҾũҵطɷ棬µġʺϵ»ɷҪٴ롣

ĸʡлأϸ᳹ʵĩǰķɷ档ͨʵĩǰķɣִǿάش¹ʡ
ǱصģҲǼЧķ

ȻĩǰĹ״ͬеĻ仯ҲһЩɷʵԼ˿еķչ·

ʵڣͨϼ׼뵽ʵʹýóɷֵʹȨʵ֮⣬ġרáũҪĽҩͼ溦⣬ͳһѵ¡

ϣҪ˵ѰͨѸٿݵؽһ򵥵¡
һЩĩǰֹʹõũҩԲƻԼǿıǿɱĩľ漣ضԱǿɱǵʹ֮·ΪѡɷĩǰֹʹУԭ״Ʃ磬ʹúƻɱǿ˼еʹãũ󣬽óɷ޷ʳڶڸȵȡ

֣ҲÿԱĩٺԳ溦Σʱ˼óɷֵı׶ˣڽоʱš

óɷֵΣ뷨ɷĽֹͬʷϣһ󡰳溦ΣĽ̡

뽫Լ뷨߶˵ʱƽһҲûпǣֱ˵ٿ壬һ̵ı龪סգۡ
㡭

峬ؿ

һҲϴ

ùԵذ˵ǱʦڿεСѣ˫ַϥϣ۾רע

ôңƯɰ޵еŮѺܲ˼̧Եһ¡

һ˲䣬ԼԡŮԵߵԷ߼˼ʱ³ĴʻרҵҾ׼ũѧ֪ʶ˽ò籾͸ġˡܲ˵Լߡ

֮⼫пǽĿǰȫٵġ溦ΣľԲԡ

ؿܾ˿۾һӷŹ⣬貵

ûʶֻΪǲʲôط˵Ĳ׼ȷ̣ǲʲôò룬취ã

ҡҡͷ־Լıַʽ
˵뷨Ҿĺܺá

äĿƶϣڳ溦ΣҰĵ£뷨ķ룬ʮ㣬ҵϸġ

ǰķеˡڵÿ׼в˸ɷ˵ķԣͬʱشСС

ԣյϢкԴеȵֲѾн򻡣׼ȷ˵Ǳ콪򻣬ģĩǰҪһЩ
ĩǰĽóɷ֣ĩĻʲô״ǵʵʹ۲졭

ڱ˶ѶϢ·ϼӡ

Էһ
ȫȻûǰ˾۲ʱرϲν֮֡⡣

벻ϲ̫һԷ
׼ȷ˵ϲжһԷ

İְ衣
ĥѰ벻̫ϲԹʱֿܾȸ˼

ĩβꡣ
ҨһһڣȻЦѣ
ϲһԷ𣿡

һ롣
֪ΪʲôȻð仰ֱǡԤ桱һ

忡˵սľСػأңϲġ
ϲһԷˡ

棬̧רעؿ
ޱȵߣƯɰһҲϲһԷˡ

ԼԼˣ仰Ϊǰ˷䡱רĸɷ͡
ʵϣ˷ıûκ΢ʡ

̫ˡ
ϲţƤһţֻ˵Щ׷ǲʶȤ̫Ƥ
һҲԼίڷле㡰⡱

ΪԼѶ⡣

ĬĬ룬Ǹͨ˶ѡ
ţĩٺ˼ʱǸ̫˵ˡ
ѡУΪѣ뱲ӵĺ˳Ϊѡϡ

ڳǰԼҪջõŮעҪġ

ˡ

︡࣬˵ʲôûſڣ˵˼Ķߡ

üͷһ壬΢С
ҧӱߣڼӺ󣬲ĵķΧҲδɡ

Ȼһ˿
̾ݵ룺ģ롣

ʱĺѲ͸СԴЩʲôͷֲ˼ѽ




70.   70    ĩһپʮ죺á

ʱء
ĩٺĵһپʮ졣

缰ڵũҵĿ鿪Ż, гԱϵı鶼̫ÿ
ǰԴдϢУ۲⵽ġȳ񳱡Ԥһڽ;нȺšıؾ·ϣѾмص㱻ϯһ, ͼĻһһ, ˶ܿĿҲ̶õĳСż

춯ֲϢصƻǴֱҰġƩֲĸϵ, ǿжˮء, ǽΧĽճɲۼٱ춯ƻԭнѰʳ, ݲŵײ飬¿Ʊ/ͽӶĲ״

ȺӹأµĲҾȴϡ

ڿ, ǿȳʳ·֮;ֲסլľװȶɵһɶˣӲȼߵҲδӳħƣͼϢУۿɼҡҡ׹ˮཽķ, ڴĻȳȺ;·ϣǵж켣
ǲδѰͨѡ񻻵С
ȳȺ˼Ŀ, һĵΪĿ׼, Ⱥ弯п, ӲؽͨһɹͨеĴ󶴡

Ŀ̶ãп˹

һ곤ĿԱ˱ۣɳƵЩΣ̫ǿˡ

缰ũҵĿġԱ, ľϵһֱԼҪøĿڴ߷ֵĹ
ũҵĿ齨ĳģΪ֣δҪٵļ⡣

ǰ׼˼࣬ﻮʳũȵȡȻȴѺЩڴ֮ʣһĵˣʳռ䡣

Աָ㶯ƽ壬ŴǴƬ༭ͼƬ˼ص㣺

˳ƿȥƻķݸֽṹˮϱ鲼ųµĺۼԭıֲоҲˡߡϵ֦ѿȫʧֻʣµر·ӹһ٣ʩеľƹƣͿչʾҲȫɸɾȻȺȳȺʳаСľͷֲȡĩǰȳũҵ棬ֲҶƬΪʳҪΣֲ̱[ע]ĩı죬ǵϵͳ˾޴仯

˵һ¡

缰רҵʿĽǶũﺦ˽Ҫöࡣ

ԴѾĿרоһȳ泱
в𣿡

еģһλ̧̧۾ƽԴһ;ȳ泱ĵطаֻ

缰Ϥͬϵԥ
ʱصũҵĿ鱾ΪֶҪΪʳͻ˳溦ΣǲòڳԸµվ⡣

յϢʱգ칦
Ƕû˼·ͷûлȳ޷֢ҩе޲ߣֻܿʡдϢäĿȴż⼸ڽ

Ȼһֻ㿪Ϣ˼ӣԭŵüͷ΢չ

Ϣ׼ڸũҵĿԱ߽ȷδ溦ĳǰԤĴʩ

Ѿ溦ϮļУΡƣʰ״֮࣬ͬȥõϢ

缰ʣԴԤĳȺ;УǷָǣ⼸ھͻᵽ

һ˴𣺡ǣ賿ʱԴзϢ˵ȺȳѾԴбԵ罭žʱɣǵþ׼

缰˼
ƳһͬڷƽϵPDFļ󷽵ظ˿ʱš

ô˵ȻǿЦֻͬûصģȻ
PDFļϵݣĩǰشҵԱ˽溦ֶΡ缰һҳϣø߶߲ũҩþ°»ͻõũҩ[ע]

ͬ»ҳ棬һҳڻȳϡ
ҽѧ˾׶Ľ⣺ΡΡѧΣ˹׽

δʩĿǰĩУʵֵֶΡ
жǰ̾룺ĿǰڵʡлҪ溦ΣģעҪ²ʹľ顣

׽ԴлͬǣҲûʱʲôдʩ

ǲϣе㱯۵룺֣Ǻ߷һĶĶʻũҪЩϮĳ㣬ȫû渹С

߿ᡣ
忪ΣգʹӸԪüеõһ

̫ˡ

Ԫü곤мʶѹĸĸҲǾ溦ǣΪ溦Ѫƫƫ溦ľʧȥЧпӰ쵽شǰĴֻ
ʮѹ

뿴ۿ΢죬һʱʧɬ

ԬشŶӣôõʳԪüǿЦһ£źչ¶ĩһʲôûˡ

ҪҲҪ֮

ⳡƵУ׵Сһ
ߵũ죬ԭеֲӦµĻӶҪһţԭʳֲ̱ƻϢء

Ԫü̾˵ĿǰûʲôЧķδʩ˹׽׵ϵߣܳɹκĻȳ档

ȳ淶Χ̫ˣǲǣ
ز䣬õԪüףǵģ׵ϵ٣ȳȺƻ̫һ˵ˣʵڻ

ĩһɫߣౣڸ˵Ļ֡

ضһλ׵ϵ߳Эרҵʿڿʵͻἰʱ֡

ӸԪüĲУõĿǰڻضԳ溦Σ̬ȡʱûԸΣɷֶԸ档

ɷԼʱϵĲִ١Աʱû뵽Դ෽ԭڡĩġ֮󣬲ϷʹũҵϵĸΣɷ֣Աķ

봹˴磬Ĺ绻࣬תԪü

ǰ˸Ԫüһ䣺ʦũҵʵӦûϰĵɣ
ͨ˽ڴ󲿷ְλ°ʱġϢͨԪüͷǡ

뿪ңֱۣƬ̣衢巢Ϣ˵ԼʱҪȥũѧĿʵһˡ
û̫⣬ֻ̫ٻؼҡ

еţ绰ŸսͨЦҲ˴롣

׼ȥ缰̸һ̸ǵ֮ǰʳúһԷʱ˵𡭡

벻ȷԼĽܲܵõϼӡ
ϵˣкɫ缰
˵缰ᣬŸĸְλũҵĿвãڻССȨ



ܶʱ򣬾еģۡݾ˵˴󵨳ԣ޸ĸԭеķɷ档

ֻǵأԸ⿴صĴĿȳȺɸɾ

УְַŬ࣬ˮóĳɹ

ܿ죬ϡ

䣬ͻأã֪ˡ
ҪҰæĻҲͬһ

ũѧԱǻϤżҲõŮĵЦԼ̿ɰܣãæĹɡ

Ц˵ȥˡ

Ů˵ԥ˵ʲô巴Ӧúܿ죬ӣѿڶԴס



̲סЦһ

εֱԣõһ۵ĻӦùԣ㡣

˵绰ϻ̵Ц⣬õʵͬµġ壬ղĵ绰ɣ

ǿ϶ЦøʲôƵġ

忡ĬĬ̧̧˿۾΢졣

=

缰Ⱥв׽Ĵڡ
ȻطеϣķȥΧڽŻزĿ̡Ƚĳ溦һͬ಻⿴ǡ
ƯŮŴ̧ȥһ峺Ȫˮ
ѩŨڵ۽ޣķֱţ缰

ǰͣ½Ųӡ

ͷ

Ƭ̺缰СشӰ㣬ţ롣

ҵ𣿡

Ȼһ̣ʶǰӢ꣬ǳǳڣü͸ƣ⣬Ǻܳʱ䶼û˯þˡ
ȻһΧĿԱǣˡ

ƣӦԳ溦⣬Ŵ֡

ۻˡ

缰ڼأѵùɵؿ
ʵʵصĻش

룺




71.   71 £ޣ   ĩһپʮ

ũҵ, ֮
ԱǱоϸУͼnԫĩ̽Ѱʺϵֲʳõ

һ溦㹻Ǻķ˴ֵȫѪ뾫
ݳȺж켣Ʋ⣬48Сʱ, ϯԴֲһȺȳ潫Ӻ, , ʳĿǰλڽĴ

һСʱǰӵŮѵĵ绰, ٵ;Ϣֻ, ԥũѧԱϤѷϢ

ڳ溦ĶԲۣĿǰչΣ

Լʮ, յظ

ѽ˸ͦ󵨵Ľ飬ϼ㱨׼С
˶٣׷һ䣺ǹ󵨵ģǽһ˵ȫˡӶ˵ġΪˣ˭ġ

岻Ѵ֮Ͳ³󵨵Ľ顱˭ġ
˼Ƭ, һáʲôҪҰæģֱᡣ

仰ǿס

ܿ, ѷϢ, ˵ǳȺж켣Ԥҹʱֵ, ϣܵõϵܵİȡͬµ

˴γ溦ΣӦԴʩʱزѧϰصľ, ͬʱҴ£е㡰çײ󵨡˼ũҵĿ鲻ϼӲֿ뵽ĩǰȫܱ׼ʹũҵеĽóɷ֣ߵͶ뷶Χ

׵ϵֻǸȺ;һط
бϵܡϵܡϵܵȵȣ˷ءȳȺ

Ӧ

Ԥϣ˵绰õһƽЦһж˳

λػᰲźܶȥӦⳡ泱Ժˣϸϸһ缰˽Ķ̧ü˶񣬼˵֮⣬ѡһ

ᵽˣǻҴϵбʽɫǿȽϸߵġ

绰δҵ廹ûüش𣬱Ǳ߷ƺӦ˵һ仰

ö峺·յ̵أƣ

ǵģѡ

е졣
绰̸ٺģ£Ҫ

õġ

ǱĹŮѣ¶͸һԿܵ䵭ӢУǱ֮£ѱࡣģȴֹµնɡ

忴ѾҵֻΡ
գգۣ߷·ߣҲ



һпԱУĴڸʵںǿ
ڴ֪æµ켴еĻȳȺʱ̲ס͵͵һۡ

ƯŮһԵĳϣһŮͬĳºװţ̵̣ԭżͬ£ԡˡԱĴ󵨽顣ֱСʱǰĿϴźȥֿ⣬ȡƷԵ˲½ɢˡ

ر侲ر𵭶ڳϡ
ʱʱ·˵仰ҲӦ

缰ҪæµĻƲ࣬Լøɵ£ĿܵڵĽ䡣

룬ķλȥĳûпĺܽͨŮеķִ롣

㻹ʲô𣿡缰еɬ׾

һ̧ۣ־˾ţ̺УǽһȥԷ

缰ֻܼڳϡţ̣ɢŲԶͬæȻӣ˴˼˼žĳĬ

缰˼Ưص˼Сʱǰ



ĽʱǸ֪缰ԾĻصؽ뷨

ûʵӦԷʽʱصȻܺá뽫ǰ˽⵽ĳȺ;·ͼչʾ缰ʱⱻ·ͼϵע⾪һ¡

뵽شѧƾż߼˼˴ǰľۼء

вǳȺŵ㣬۽޵ʹͫ׵ĺˮ΢𣬡ĵС
űص뷨κԷһȳ泱;ǵֻĽûЧչֻдء

Դоõӡ
ȳȺǰ޽еģӦԲҲֻǰ߽˹׽׽ȡ

еĿԱǣ˱ŵ뷨Ǳұ۵ġ
вΪϾûʵؾһδĥǾ飬ȷһӦԣвΪ˽ѵĳڶʱڶ޷Чġûоǰ£ܹô

ǵĹֱأҲܿǵı

ⳡĺƽУߡҲϣÿһ˵Ըķڴ˴ӦС

缰Ĭ˵

˳ѩ׵ָ㶯ֻĻŴ˼Ƭʾ
ϱעݣ⼸ĿǰѾеĲֻͼҪֲũ಻ͬ¡γȡӰ죬⼸ֵࡢӡҲԳ˴λȳȺ;ԻоũΣ

뽫֮ǰ֪ݣɸࡢֱ׵ԣ׷һʾ˴˴ǰ缰Ŀġ

缰˶٣תε̧һۣʵûʲô취ʶУпܽϼˡ

飬źܶ˶Ըһԡ
缰Ŀ̫򵥣ֻϣܹżũҵĿеλû׼ڼʹøΣɷ溦

ȫûнԸϵ˼ϣͨ缰Ŀڣ鴫ֻҪԸⳢԣͨһ˳ȹ˴γȺΣлؿЧʩ˺󳹵׵ġɡũҵطɷøӦỷҲָտɴ

˵󣬵õ缰һףһܾ

ãƽţǲҪ飬԰Ѷ˵ݣҵ̸ͬһ顣

룺
ɴ۾

缰߳Ĺ󣬡˵ĺܺãҾҲΪǺ⡣

еʱֻҪǿǿĽ飬ҪʲôݣͿԵõͬ

ĬΣ缰Ŀ£εص˵ͷ

֮Ըݡһ˵Ľɫ˼롢˵Ľ顣

˵ĵ£е˶Ĭˡ

ҿô֮ǰôû뵽ӣ

Σɷ֣ҿˣ죬˵֮ǰĸ߶Σɷȷʵпܿ

ҲҪǵڵĻǷӦЩɷڵķֽϾǻҪ棬̫äĿ

Ȼؽ
ֻзһˣĬĬطϣϣ޴룬ãȻգգۡ
һƬس缰ķȥ

Ӣüۣǲ̧һЦ

Ķλãʱߵݣ˳ƽֱطϡ

ͣش˵ˣҪҵݡ

ܿ죬һ̿ʼ
Ľ飬˵һ𣬾ͲҪͶ븶

ʣµлڣȺܶиŬĿԱǡ
Ŀ鳤ϼҪȡʱķͨڣ׼ʹøΣɷ֡
Ŀ鸱鳤֣֯ڻȡ׼ѸٲȥزֿȡƷ



һɵؽš
ǽߡ
˵ĹҲ͸ˡ

ûԸ
Ŀ鳤ڰæ֮УؼҵĽŲһԸǹˣ죬һ˶ũҵչǰ

곤Ŀ󣬼ִ飬ּҾã뷨˵ʮҪ




72.   72 £ޣ   ĩһپʮġ

ĩٺĵһپʮ졣
, ŵ㡣

˵Ķ飬ǰȺĵص㡣
ŵʹԱ³Ⱥɢ, ֲԼװ·ƻʹá׵ϵε·, ճǻǻ򼤶ӡ

һ, ڶж, ϻ˸ͷװڳʱ, ͬˮũҵĿһֱвľϵߣܾڴ߷ֲϵ츳
쵽ũҵʵң, ûͣ졣
ŮоԱݸţ̡Ŀ鳤ʵƹ֭˵̫ʵˣһʱ̲סҪǰݵóԺġ

ľϵó߷ֲֻҪͷкʵӣڶ̶ʱڣѤõĻ, ɿڵˮ

ͬȺУ뷽Ĳһͣز档
ڵλȥ, Ϳͷųӡƻӡһ, ͬʱ, ע⵽Ĵڣһ˲ϵЦչ

, 㡣ˮ㡣

廷ܣ۲һȦȺеļϤף缰ѡһ

üͷӰ˼꣬ιԡ

ͳԲˡСţ̫ˣֱ鳤ȥԷ̫ණ
ҹϡڵķλ·ƾףûȫⷽء
ק֣Լ廹ûüӦʶָཱུĻȣʵ̲סֶһ£Сȵеš

üԼСֹʳ̫ãûҳʣʢķҶóԹ⣬Ȼ˷ˡ
ۣԼûʶһ̵ıжɰءر졣

Ķ컯ˡס֣˵´о۲ͣңͲ³Զˡ

ţ
ػء

Сֹ֪˵ЩʲôǱ˫۽棬سǿȥߵܵܵıڵƹĪѱ档
̾˿缰һۡ

ô
ֵӣ֪ʵ缰ĬƬ̣Цһ£𣺡ûʲôֻǾԼûˡ

˵įһûŮͬ´Цࡣ

쵽죬뱻ũҵĿӲҲϼøԪüȽ֣Ŀ鳤ǿӲ˵Ҫİ

ʵϣܾԼṩİࡣ
ĩġдӲϸ˵ũҵչʷԱǷ֡оֵʼĩݱ桪Ͼʵʱ˵һС˵ʲôѧ֪ס
ṩϢֻĩĳЩؼĽڵ㡣

ͨｨ飬ƶŽڵľ絽پʧܣӿоɹĽ̡

Ƿ¡

ʱũҵĿĿԱǴ棬Ϥܶ˶ڸˮСһġŮͬ£ľϵܴ߷ʻЦŵ͸Եʻˡ

ͬͻǰѷ붺죬

缰ʹûĿ֡

ļͷ

ǾĵؿǱ߷˵˾ʲôнӹһСˮֹعסָһɢ㰲λõķȥ

ʮλϵ߱˶෽ͬʱнϵ߿Ž

λĸϵߣͬƵá

뱻͵Ŀ鳤ߣڵλΪȫҲǸͳ۲Ⱥж·ߵڷŵ㡣

鳤ϵЦ⸡֣ˣŰɣ۲һ³Ⱥ켣

ʵز˴ж
κĿ鳤úбҪĳЩʱ򣬲Ŀ鳤λõˣʶֱȷĴܹṩ
֮޷ṩʲôԽ飬͵ǣιҼҲܹǵġ

֪бضġܡá
Ǳʶϣⳡ溦Σܹ˳ȹô˴γ溦սڼУٻС
ϵͼ͸оֹΪķ䣬뷨

ӵʶĳУյ̬ȡ
ǻܵӰ죬ʶʱΪڵĳڹЧʡĿɶȡ

˽زԱ롰ܡ﷽ʽˣֻΪеġġЧֻ˽ȷ뷨ڡиࡪ

򵥾ķʽǿ¾Ϸеġbuff
һbuffܶΪɢӡ

˶档

ѾԣĻгȺ켣ŮѣĬƽֱ

һûзȻֻҪʵ֤˳Ʋ𰸵龰벻ˣʶϳһۡ桱

˶Ϊ

ûй

崹˴ڱǰ෽İ;У뷽ʾ⡣΢Ц·ѩһĺһԻǽĻǼֻԱԱ£ȶþˡ

һ

һ䡣

忡һֶʵĿ£̹ȻҸص˵ͷ𣺡ãһ

=
ڵķλ࣬Żλ֪Ļϵߡãδʳðֺ̿Ǻǵغͬѧ

̣

ʳð̺ǺЦþûˣαذû뵽ѧУöຢӡ
⣬з롢塢缰ˡ

ǰ̺Ϥѧӡ

밢죬ܿ죬ǵͨѶ豸дָӵע۲⣬ԤưСʱڳȺ

һ˵Ůԥص񡭡

һĦ
ǹβںڰǽϣ˺󱳷

ңԶķ򣬺ѹѹһȺǵֲķϮ

ֲʮĶأŵǷɢϱ򣬸ȳ档

ֲģڽʱֱؼΣ߶ɷֵ豸

ĩǰĽֵˮ峾óʹõĴˮǹҲװλãװȫרҵʿ

ЩΣ߶ɷ֣Ǿ飬ȷĿǰũ̫Ӱ졪ѡʱ˼࣬ӰӵĻ飬վ˼ĩǰóɷ֡

һ޷Ԥս

ڳ˶в̲סڿеķ롣

ϣؿĻϷӿȽڵصĳȺ

һڡ
Ŀ鳤̲סһۡ

һڡ

׽֭ӣҲգһЦ鳤ҪңĻ

ӵʱʮӣȺϮԭ·ߵֲڷλ
Ķ࣬ϵȼ棬ࣵһѵı棬д˽ĵζ

ʣģһٵıȳǣֲķӿȥȻδȶ¸ᣬӿնĴˮЮŸΣ߶ɷ֣罦

ĻУȺķΧۿɼٶ
һ꣬㱶ãȻټ󲻿Ű㣬૵زĿǰȰٷ֮ʮ

ӽƽ

ĵ罦ҩ

Ӻ󣬡Ŀǰؽȣٷ֮ʮ塣
СĳȺĳʬڼлڣϲ˵ٶȣֲڵķλϡ

Ļȳǣ·£һݳĸ

ȣٷ֮ʮ

ɹذٷ֮ʮ

Ļϲṩݱ棬˼شϲȸԾǣ

ģ

ҿҿˣˣôЧҲ٣

Ȼ©֮棬ķǲŹǡ
ϵߡ׵ϵߡϵߡϵߵȣЭؽĳȺĲء



Եһӡ
Ŀ鳤Цеͷ

û˵һ仰

Ѿһ˵Ŵϲ⣺鳤յѳǸշϢʣΪʲôȺ켣һӾСˡ

Ŀ鳤ϰ죬΢Цǣһ΢Сΰ¡




73.   73    ĩһپʮ죺롭

ĩٺĵһپʮ졣
ʮߡ

һʱڡʱ, ȫǹ䣬㵽ϷĸðŴɫʾũϲ˵ĳơ
겻ͬ꣬ǷĲͼ, Աȳĵص㵽һ·;ĳ, ӿݵ˴Ƭ, ޹ȥĲù⾰

, ȳũĵ·˼С

賿ʱֲ֣æµʮСʱԱ, ϲɫ˸߲ҵؽزµıȳʬ塢尴תơ
ٵ٣ôصĴء

Դȴİֻ, ʱȻҪǿ࣬˲ĻĿ鳤һȺȺϵܲ׽ıȳ壬¶΢Цǵ¶ס׵ΣֻϵԷӡϵߴչͨϵ߾׼Ž˳ɢĳȺ׽ı, ͳɡ

һƲ⼸յĽĵǣǳ׵׵ط

ܿ, ȴѳ, , ҲڼСʱԾ

½ϢȳȺΪڼеͼϣڶ̶̼Сʱ, ȺΧСֻʣССһ顣

ǲİλԱűͬϵǿܱ֡ڱ֤װȷȫǰ£бȺĲ񡣴ʼĶ෽򣬻ϵȸȺһġտʢ硱ٵвҩҺ罦ٸʴǰᣬӶ塣©֮ɢ㱻Χɻ

ĩĶӻУޱԴ
д󵨳ԣԾ޽е̬ɳ˰ٺ˴һεĳ溦ΣǱżᶨҪԣ˳˴˴γȺǽĩʷŨīزʵһʡ
Ҳǻ£ִҪĳɹӡ

Ⱥж켣еʣ༸вũֵĶ¼Ҳܸݴ˴ӦԳȺľ飬ͬƶΣ߶ɷũҵеĺӦã֤ͳ溦ܱ˳˷

еĳԵõɹҲ˴һעǿ롣

Ŀ鳤½½ظЩɻĳ˴𸴡

ǿģŽϲ֡

[ǵģȺز˽ٷ֮ʮ塣]

ಢǾĻʱ̫̣ҲǼεصеĻȳһסе·ߡ
ģΧڣ̶ȵؼٴ˴λȳ溦ĸӰ졣

нֲԵũаٷ֮ʮܵȳɡ

ϮĻȳ棬ټҩҺ罦ɱĻȳ桭¼ΪȺİٷ֮ʮ壬ʣӴܵĻȳȺ࣬ж켣ǷѳǻҪʱ䡪㹻ڴ걾е󣬽溦ľ鴫ڸС

ҹʱæ賿ʱߵ㡣

죬ò硣ĽɫƲңԶƯȾ͸ųϼþɫµĳ˾һ

ڴֲй
̣ػء

Ŀ鳤ֲĹ㲥豸ɤˣȥϢã׼ʱμ칦硣

ЦôҲסΪвԱĿǣߵԱ̿

һп˷Ӱ

λ곤ŵũҵĿ鳤ºʹȰһļͷЦŽ䡣

ʱƯɰŮѿֵ֣̾Сŵߣֱס
ŷǿԼǰ澫µģ״ƾ棬޾⣬һֱۺ󣬾ܽ٣󲿷ϡ

𣿡

𣺡һ㡣

ֻǰй¶һ⣬ССƫͷ˸Ƿ˵ؼҪúϢһ¡أ۲ۣеͷעĿЦŻشһãܾ񡣡

ڰСʱ̻ػء
ԼмʮӣҡҡλεгУĻսļǳǳ˯ߡ
һҲͬһϣںλһĻʵ̲סֻһĻ

Ƭ壬Ȼ㿪ϢĻ˲䡣
빾ֹסĲӣ۶δ°ʹĥһ¡
ֻ˯˹ȥ

һüЦŹ۲ڳ¶졢۽޲塣ƽޱȣһ̵꣬˷롣



磬ƵߣŴ˴λʵ顣

ʼ˵𣬵;ĸΣɷֲöٵʽʵ

ɳһλͬ־װȫسûһˣȫȫ
Աδġ
Ŀ鳤ûпӣ˴εĳȺ켣仯ͼԶƵʽչʾеǹۿĿƣһֻıȳ棬ܹ˼ᡢǰ֫ĳ⣬ĳɳİʮֻ

ĿǰʵҪЩоʵģ룬ǻֳ֣ȺȺ˼档

Ļ㱨̣еĸƵУɫ棬鳤㱨
곤˵ۣĭ

ɳƵº͵³ǻУжûǻλˣ˭Ҳ뵽Ҫô

º˼·ɳɹϸڡ
鳤ڿǰСʱܾãĬػʵҵǰʱ⣬ҡЦ̾Ϊ˴γ溦ΣǰһλߵĽĵϲá

Ƿ󵨳ԣڳȺ48Сʱǰηũҵʵңǣ˵ԼĽ顭

˵Լˣǲ˽ũҵչĩũҵͨˡ⽨̫ηҪΥ£ĲڡΥɡļȶǰ£忪ĳɹʡ

ûȷõĸΣɷֶԱȳȺǷЧ
ҴδԹ˿ɲǵصĳȺϮǶǳγԣѷ

˵Լͨˣ뷨̫棬г֮ȺĹ켣򣬸֪ǣΨһԣ̶ϼٹҵʧΪ֮ӦԳ溦ṩḻ顣

вܷһӭǵֻܻߵׯڵء
ǼʱǲԱشҵߡǵ໥ְ£Ĵɫ

ڻϸʱ߼ʵףޱȵ̬ȸȾʹĿԱǽһ˼˼ڻ仯ѱĵ£ʹøΣɷֵĿжߣжܣΪСԤл溦ʧ



벢ûнԼӹΪɹĹؼڽֱʱ˵ԼֻǡϹèӡóȻ飬ָպûũҵĿĿԱǶԸ˵Ըͨġĵ뷨

ңδһҲ˻ЩӣŮɵ¼ͷ̹ȻЦǱҴöˣҵǲġ

̬ȼ޴Ŀ鳤ֻ̫ϣԼһڴͺáٶû̫ôпѹ

鳤˶٣ڷĴУؿظǺĿ⣬½ߵ֣ȴҲ֪Ҫסġ

СﲻνÿǸ
Щ곤߲֪ӵһ¸ҡ󵨣ؼʱṩ˽飬֪ټֵʲĺӣǶˡ

곤ѹѹЦ˵˷ǳ

ֽԱۿеʪˡ

󣬻Ҫл쵼֧֣Ըڶʱͨڣ׼ʹЩɷ֡

еһȻ
ٵӳ٣˼ӣͣЪ

лὫ˴ӦԳ溦ľѸܽᣬĵʽʡУʱյĵĸǼʱ𸴡

ѳǵĸ£Ҫһ¹ʣٷ֮ʮĻȳȺʽ

ʱСʱ
鳤Žַɿϵ˸鳤ˣ֯Ž칦硣



ʱأѵһնûвԱͬ־
ԪüŮʿڲڼ䣬Ц˵ǵͬ־ȥĲʱæ⼸ܻĵȴҪ

ѵİݵλһ㣬ڻũҵĿ˳ӦԴ˴γ溦Σ󣬱֪Ϥλǰʼĩһ뵽⼸նɸŮʿ𣬱³⼸յĶ򣬿ӵĹص

糿صأص˯˹ȥʱĵ㣬˸ǺȴҲŽľۻᣬֻܰ˫˼һʳ졣

Էļ϶ĸ׶һۡ

һܶݵЦ⣬չϡһҧӣǾƵġôˡûʳڡ

׻ش˵ϲŮĺ㡣

ѻ֪ʲô̵ǵȻģ

ָͷŵ㣺ɰ¸ҡ

˵˵ţȸԾϲǲزסܣ̯˿
˵õǸ

Ⱥҵһ۾̫ܿ

ĸʧЦ
ֱ˵˽⵽Ĵ˴ũҵ溦ĿжҪŮʿĿУרעţеĹԽ財

һǸ˵ӡ
ʱȴһԲֻǾĸ˵

ֱ˵꣬ĸŷ֣ӵĳĬе̫ˡ
ʳڵӢƯǰƣˮӿС
գգ۽ޣȻԼؿڡ

ͻȻ䣬˵

ϰ裬˵áҺ񣬶ϲˡ

ִ˿еõһϿɵͣĳӿ
Լؿڡ

󣬹ŵ⣬̫ϲˣô죿




74.   74    ĩһپʮ죺졭

һ칦, ûʦڣֻǼ򵥵ز˳ԷĳأûʲôҪ쵼ϼ̨ӡأǩȷϢ, ѰԼϲʳ

ڴʹܺ, ֧θڴ

һҲ, ص, ǿ˵ʳǺ󣬾˯˸ľʱ, ˴λĸ֪ͨ칦ص㣬ҴҸ
ͱеʳ, ûϼԾ̿ԡ

һһֶŸ㣬һŹ֭ʲһۣȺҵԷķ롣

壬ϵشӸڲҵϲĲƷ˲ַǰڵĵط칦Ľش, ûʲôĵƹУһһۿȥʱܻ, ЦŹһкڳԷ϶, ЦеػӦһ

롣

һ߽, ӷ£ֽձߴ鷢Ʋ󡣷ȻЦлл

󷽵طǰûжʳ, 佱⼸˺ܺóԣ
ļ䣬˵϶һע⵽һֱڳԶٶȲţ״ƳԵò࣬ȷʵʵġ

һв⣬ȴҲûжʣֻΪǴ쵽æ̫࣬ᣬθ

ܿ죬̸һ˺ߣ뻹λãרעؽΪĲƷ

ԵһССسʱ˽Ľʳ

𣿡

Ϥ΢ζֱ۴̽˳һĻ

ˡ

һСĳĬ
ķС˵´οһԼܲҪʹ̫ࡣ

롰ʹùȡϵȺţһ֤¡
ͨεũҵĿ롰ʹáºӰ졪ܾƽʱġʶشԼ̬ȣǱĬӰŻ¡
ʶʱܵǺþġ

Ϊÿ춼ڲճθڱȶķ˵ʹáܡı֡

첻̫һ˽ķ֪ƽսʳĶ١٣͹ȥȣʱԵʵеࡣ

Ӳڲ̬ȴﵱܵʹãýµ鹦νġӰ족̫ڸ壬ʵڹָ߹Լá岻ᷴ뷨ֻĬĬذԼ뷨

ġӦԳ溦Уʶȷʵǿұ
ԼŴԼ̬ȣϣжȹ˴Σϣ˴λɡ

Ǻõġ
ʱ˳ɹӦ˴˴γ溦Σ

Ҳ˸ǺڹԼܺе֧Ҫʱǰ㡪صӽʳ

Ļ˵꣬͵õ˷һƮĴӦš
Դܣеġ

ε̾˿֪ܶʱǹִ侲ģ˵Ľ顣



Ա㣬ϣпտʼ˼Լܣ

һεܹʹǡաһεܹʹǡ

ãġܡеˡ

֮ңʱűԼ̬ȣϣˣϣúûš
ǡագü죬źת

һΣԵȺԶһˡ
ǡ˸Ա㣬Ҳͻ

еˣգŲɵССĿֲС

칦糡УвϤףרĸɷǻЦպһƬ֡

ԭһֱæͶιڼԼҲ˸ȷԱпմũҵĿǣ걻ǺߣҪʲôʵĿݡ

е㲻ߣ£ŹԹ뿪̤ĳ罻Ȧڡ

ԶԶעĿ̤罻Ȧǰչ¶Ц̣ƣţºͿڣ

ۣջأרĵֻ

Ҳʱ̫ΧѿʱʱʶĴڡ

ӢӣȻ񣬻ؾ׽һʳ̧һֻе֣ش˸к룡

Ϊ̫飬˫е䣬

õЦĳһ˲䣬Լܿβ͡ƤԥػӦѣá

Ա𣿡˸λ£׳θںܴ󣬲ϵʳݵø߸ߡ˴칦ûôܵĿԱ⣬ľǣڷʳĲϣ½½رȡߣܿϡ

Աˡ
˵ǰԿյĲ̣ʾѾԹһ֣ܱˡ

Ҳע⵽ǰĲ̡˵ڳſǰע⵽ˡֻΪн̸Ļ⣬ѡԡʳ룬ÿ˵ճʺһԹ𣿳Ա

ǷϻȴǺõ罻ɡ

óЦĽֶԼ

ýЩƷóѽ

뱻ʵеԻ󣬲ʵʵشˡԴӹʺ񣬴ĸĸڴ˺轻ѺĹϵͲܹԼ򵥴ֱġѡ

Щָ㣬һһƷӡ֥ʿ桭

ţٿ¶һЦݡ

˵ĲƷޡ



𾪵ضۣõʵ̲סҪҫһµı飺ģûƭ㡣

粹鳤ųأϵĳʦһѳգգۣպúȱ˵֣Ҿȥ˻æ

һٶ˵ĲͣҪĳʦ־λ

赭дԹںæֻ̣˵ԼֵĲףһ칦硣

ǵʳð𣿡
߱Ц⣬ʳð̣뵽˵شѧʳڵĶʱ⣬ǵ˵ͷ
ƯŮ۾˵

˫峺·ǲһ

Ѻϲ˵
ѹסͷȸԾ˵ȥڶгһ˵̽ҲæһţϲԵӾġ

ѹ֣ૣ˵ôϤ

ڽʳõļʮʱ⣬ŴʱϾõ߲˶ȹʱ⡣

ʳðӣ߲ˡ
Ѱ˱ʱļ䡣

Ȼְʵټҫǣȴô˵ϲĲˣԲԣ

˵ԼϲĲƷֵ֪˵

˵ͷʵ˵ǵģĺܺóԡᡣ

ѣ룬´һݸԣ𣿡

˵лᡱ̹ƽ˵ˡ´Ρ
ӦԼˡ

Ǵó罻ԶֵѣڻϵССĻ




75.   75    ĩڶ죺ĸ顭

֥ȺпŮӰ, δЦֳʾ⡣
ƤѩףƯµŮ貣ķСܱ

ĸ׵Ļ, 곤ߵϸ, ɵסļͷ, ʵЦӺ³ţûϰ𣿡

, ЦУһ죡

֥˼Զںɷ, ֵŮĶ֪ˣһ죿

û̫, ͷá

ĩٺĵڶ졣
ѳڽ˼ʱصĳ溦ӦԾ˳زʣٷ֮ʮıȳ档룬ȳһҲõеĶ֧֣ܿ죬ڷн罻ĺУзеĽɻҲ½ʹ

, ڸʡвͬʵԱ£֮صϵȽڻʡִʵͨ

ûٷ˼ȥĳ溦Σĸ
ѡصظλ, ƽյĲĿ鳤ͼϼΪν, Ծܾˡ

Сĩġľ, Ȼʤһأ֮£ҲΪ˼ิ֮·ϵĴ, ͬཨʲܵĥ

̬ȣҲĿ鳤Ϊԡƫƫִ̫Ҳֻ˳ӡ

֮ܶڷĿ£³˲Ա֪˴γ溦ΣҪԴ˶˽µǰʼĩ
ʱعϣּ¼˴˴εĹɹ

ԱƬƵԼıʳɫ׫дƪ̵£˴¼е˻ũҵĿгԱӦԳ溦Ľǵڸ

˴μӦԳ溦Σɹһ˳ٷ֮ʮıȳ棬һķ

η׿ԽLJ

⽫뻪ʷеһ¡
ĸûг־ȷҲΪ˷ݸӰ쵽

Ҳ⣬ڸվ¼ۣȷûгԼؼԼĹ

֪ǣڰٺУһܱʽĻسԱǣ˻лؾǵС

е츳Ǿ˵Ķ࣬ĳеľ߸пǧۣԪľ𡯡ˮм˲š

ЩӢߣͬ˴˴γ溦Σ֤˻˳ӦԣЭõ

ʡлصľǸ

ⳡִʡлصϻУǷ˸Ŀǰ츳ǡݣóۣ
ӵŻ֪ѧĳУµҴУܼһЩ츳˵ǡ

бõӡ
Ϊӵе֪ѧشѧʦҴʼߣЩȱľӢ˲ţ֤׳ǵʱؽüá

˲֮簡еľº̾Ц˵Ƚȫָ򣬽µ࣬ҪȺܸɵľӢˡ

Ƶ϶еǼλɫҲ

缰ѡ塭ڵļߣ׵ϵߵȡ

ҲΪһš
ἰҪԭȻͬϡ

û˵ǿȣҲû˵ܱʽ⡣

˵Ǹ¸ҵĺӡ

η¸Ҽᶨ

ʱڣϴ˲ַ˵Լ⣬ӦԳ溦Σ¼Ƶ
¼ƽǶʵ24Сʱͷ
ƵУŮе侲ִšͣ߼ȴ罣ֱڵġ



֥ǣŮ֣۵İ⣬תͷŮٿΧͷ´Цݡ



ţ뱻ǣ֣ԹԵӦ

֥˸Σһ£ĸŮѵõļžʱ⡪ְַԶԶĵطƺڽ̸ʲô϶º͵ʡ

㵱ôһѽ

ֱ֥׸ߵϸй۲쵽ʲô΢֮

AصڣӦżʱصУɷ۾ܿŮߴӵŵһꡣ

šѡݵ֮һ

ļĳɳദʱҲ˽͸

ûʵ˵ԼСڸԺûиĸŹҵḣ˳ϵѧǺɫꡣ
֥ͷʮ

дһʣǴ֥䲻Ůֻǣ˽⵽ŮļȫʧʵһͲ˺档

룺

΢΢һ

ĿԶԶǱߣ̸ĸס巽ȥĬһСᣬ֥ļͷ૵ҡ

忡ÿ˴ű۾ͷ鷢͵ش£߷Χڣ񣬶˷

ûи߹ĸֻ֪ǡһ顱
̫ش󣬶һ֪Ͷһй¶Σա

ĸĽԸĸĽǰԤ֪ľľΪĸĩŬơ

ָ֥⣬Ц׷ʣΪʲôԥˣ

ûʶԼʾ볤öãȻ˼
ֱƳŮ˫ۣȻһ̣šüĵȴ

ʼһ𡪡

Ů̵˵͸˵СС飬ǲҶ׿˵Ļ

ΪҾܴܹĩұá

Ŷ̫ˡ
֥ǳأŮָ⣬һŮе㡰˼ˡ

Ů˵

˵ܺúܺãģǰõĶҡ

峺һ̣˼ɫʡ
ǲֽģչõĺʡ

˵˵ţƶҲϲˡ

֥ٿ
һ̣ƲȥһŮ̾ϢۣĸŮĬһСᡣ

˵ʵҵʱְһҲûôʲô鰮ġ

룺
ȻеС𾪵ؿ

֥¼ͷƽѰ˵˷û֪ġĸ顱ࡣ

ֻʺϽ飬ʺϵӵİְ֣Һһˡ

˵ǰ顣
˰顣

֥뷽Ķϡ
곤һЦ

𾪡֣ûм䣬Ҳţְһԭûаġ

Ƚҡںܶʱ򣬿߼£Ϊȡν鰮Ȩ׵Ĺߡ
ܶ˶ΪƯŮԡ
ʵǡ෴
ʱŮߣԽɫΪԡǸ

֥˵ָůסŮģ͸˵ĸ׵밮⡣

ǱߵĸŮķ
һŲ֪ʻ䡣
һﱧŲ֪żСܡ

һһӹ
֥ʻܰ㣬ɷĵЦסֱۡ

ߵߣС§ڻͷŨܵСëУ͸˫ִۣЦ




76.   76    ĩڶʮ죺ļ

ܿ콥, ӭ˼еļ
¿ʼһ·˶ʮȡ

̫ĶĻسԱǲòı˳ʱ䣺ԭ/ǰһСʱ

ڳʱ, òԼˮϵܸսṩˬҧŰ, ڸߴıֲ, һ߸սǡˮ, һɢЪţĿԶ, п治һˡ

սˮ˱ˮƿ˴뱭ӣͷʹ
̾, սѸ͵ǰһˡ

ѱ䣬Ŀǰյж˵˵£ۼ硪ʵĳֲУ˾󲿷жĹ켣类õĳа㣬ҰС

춯ʶȺƵļҴϵǿ, Ǽ䵥ԱŸǰҧʱֻ̣ڽ, Գ˫ĵع۲һȺ, ææ, Żصռʡϣ̻, ΪؽŬ

ʱ⣬չⶾķҡ
۳Χսδһ̰֧ȹ۲Χ

ڵķλǼйȥһҩع˾ǽռĵ㣬
ֽȫѳڳڣȴ̫Խת̻ȥ

ĩĻ̻̣޲ߡ
ڣлض˳ͨķչ·ũҵеĿ꣬ÿһеشҵ߶Ϊ˸Ŭ֮⣬ҵҲ½ָһЩҵڽĻطλ󣬱㿪ʼı֣ǾѵܣĹ

ǻԹġ
ȥҪרҵ豸רҵأṩй豸ѵġ׵ϵܡȡϵߡˮϵߡһЩ豸з硢ˮ磬ǵԴ˸ѡ

ȷԴĳԣջʼԵӹˮƷ
ӤҪһ򲼣ŮҪƷȣڳƻķΧڡĿǰʹõĻĩǰڻڲֿڵԭϡ
Ҫ׻ָԭе򣬽ͨҪн⡣

ĹĿǰͨʹùڻԭϣṩųĹҵˮټȫڻδڣܹʹõƷǿҲִ˿ʹһҡ

ۣҶ֦Ħսеѣܣ۲컷֤ݵİȫеĺһۣ֪˯˻ѡ

ĩǰʱ⡣

ս˵š仯иοĩǶʱȣʱصռÿ춼й̶ӽʩ裬ϲʳ㽫Χص

һȹ̵شȷصİȫԵͬʱš
ѱ춯ֲߵĳУ



ļĲǰϤģҪ̶ࡣ
ʱһ׼ػأ·ϣһˣЯͬء

ع㲥ŮʿĿǰΪ25棬ᱡУҪſṩ裬ļıر

Ҳûشſڣͳַضȥ
һȥͿ˼ˡ

üķȥȻûһͿ缰

ֵ˴˸棬˵˼仰˽شſڲ뷢ԭ
һǣľϵߣԭ϶ǴũҵĿʵҳġ˵˽蹦ЧС

ǣ缰Ǹҽѧ˿Ҳмͬҽѣڻشſڵҽƶ㣬ѧҽģҲѧҽġǰ߸裬·ĻسԱǰѰȷļǻصķʩȵȣܽȣ֤ȫ

߼һ飬شſͬʱַߡ͡ҽԱҲ֮е¶

Ϳغкһ󿪵衣
һ˸ϵߣžŪһı飬ʾȡ

ؿνǰһжŵ׵
ȷԱˮɺȣˬġ

缰ļ䣬ȷûɶԼܰϵ£̧׼ػڡ
û߼ע⵽ԶһСĶ

Ŀɱ߽˭һʱеȻ

塣

һñǼⶼðˣϱرȤһ˫ƯˮŲϵԱߵߡ
һεЦţҪ䣬ûõϿɣ׵ص˼ۣЪ

ʦһ۾Ʋ⶯
վüʣ룬壬ôˣ

Ž˿۾忡ڵ̧̧ϵľһ̧𣺡ʦ㣬ģе˯ã뵣ҡ

췽ûϰ࣬ҲһС¶û

Ӽ»ůٵ˳תġ
һûʲô⡣

ǵ״һֱҲ
ǰ죬ҹָڷշת˯ãһֱڷ

ΪΪϵʧߣȵʱһʣõĴȴǣͦ˳ġ

еãȻ޹سգգۣ˼ҰҹӰ𣿡

Ǹ롣
Ǹʮ֣Ӱ쵽˯Сؿһۣɫ࣬Ǽһͦе㲻

룺ûӰҡ

Ҳ͵úܿ죬κνǲĻᣬֱӵֻǵ㣬ˡ

ΪҲԴͷҲͲ֪ô졣
ôһķ÷е㽹ǡ
ϣԼǳ彡Ҫʲôڵҽ²ôܽ¡

ĩ٣ʲô󲡣ҽ޷ṩĩǰ֤˵ơ

ԣһʲôõͷʹҴææظˡ

ڻڵҽֲԣвֱʱɵʡнаæµҲһˡ

죬ȷʦڻشſⶨ㹤庰ȥŸ


ע⵽缰ϵı顣

һֺ˵ε΢

ѹûע⵽ֻǰȥȥҪҵġ

ҽҽڴſⶨء

£Χ˵Ŀ£ԹŮѵָӣֵݳ󲿡

ȸҽһۡ

ҽϸڣʧ˯á

Ա߲䣺ǵģǷӣ˵Լû󰭡

ǿôûʲô£һ쵽˯ӡ

ĬĬ˵
еΣˡ
ҽȻؿһۣͷʣеԷ˰ɣ


û˵ֻĬ

ûҽ仰ڸʦ㡰״أ˵ҽҲ⿴˵ǹܺá

ˡ

ʦ㣺ȷʵҪһ˵ǿɾͲˡ
Ŀ˱ֱͦϣһ̧üս˿ҽͬдϣֹ

ӺѰζЦϸָ˵˼仰

ͿŷãȻ㵣֮졣
ƯɰŮӣѩۼգګګ̧һʢ̫С˵İ

ޡ

ʧЦ۶޷ǾǼԭ򡣡
ˣꡪ

ҽ䣬Сᣬˡ




77.   77    ĩڶʮ죺ס

ϵļʱ, ܻӭĴڡ
Ů٣ֻҪǱϵı֮⡣

ϵͳļһϾпյıϵǣڻ˷̯, Ϊ·ṩɿڵƷ

һ޵̣֭Ǳϵ, ɷľϵܡ
ɷӴ߷ʵ, ùե֭, ӸƱӽ֭ڡ, Բļ̻ġ

ڵĻϵһֱɡȻţȷĻ, ŬϵĶ־شѧľѧԺʦǶ˻ڵĻϵ裬ڳµĩУ֤ŻصճС

ֱۣǶϤķ޵֭ȥԵͷһĲɣûеһʱĿ㴦ִٲƮ, ӿҽζУ԰Ρ

һ, һָ

ž, ؿһ, Ũڵ۽޴ţ͸ͫ̿ɬ

ι
ػһõһĪ򶶡֧Ķ, ŵӦ𣺡ڣ

룺Ҫȹ֭ȥ򡣡
״ݵָʹ̵ͷá
޹̯֭ķȥ޹̯֭ڻڵͦʱʱŶӹʵƷ

ڶʵʵŶӡ

뱧ֱۣ忡ÿĲļֱۼ⣬ٵסľԼҼһΡմӻعԡһ·СѲ˵ˮ£òǱؼһʱƳĻ档

գգۣȻŴǣЦˡ

=
ĩٺĵڶʮ졣
Ѿ28棬֮ǰΪȶ25~26䣬´ǲɥɥʱ⡣

λڻͼƫϵķλϱߣÿ궼ܵůʪӰ졣ϣ25͹ȵòӼȣѰѡ

ѾʼӰӵ׵ϵṩĵظڼװյ豸
ϵǵƱҲṩ˷ǳԭʼȴַݵĽ·ʽ

ڵʵڣ⣬ûбıϵߡڸСͬеţϵṩı顪һһӦƱļͺ⡣ͨ͸ġСʼвͬϵǰѯʣΪʲôñȶСʱڻ
һǴתƵʱغ̸ͬ˻ڵϵǡ
ĥһɵԭҲں֪Ϥ١



ڵĲңĿǰװ˺ʵ乤ߣҪȶṩ齵¡

ڵĹϣҲǡñصġʩǣҪ˼ڽϡ
һ°صУǸǲǳѾ°ŵ׵ĸס˫˷ڣųʱ䲻ı飬֤ṩ

Ԫü֪ڱϵϵĳɫ֣Ц룺һǳúܡ
ϲ̵ؽĿ佱Ҳͦȷʵܰ

Ԫüսסһ飬ȷʵİɣ

ǰЩʱ䣬о仯ĳѧ߸շһƪѧģоᵽܶӰ졣
У¶ڱᵽ˶Ρ

˵ǣϵ߳ʱܱŸ߳˽һҵ¡ĩǰ¾Ƿգ·ڻϵϣȻͲôһ¡
ܾѣѱ䡣ҲҽѧĲݲӦ£ʱʱѧ߷£ҪѶϢ

ϵŵ֮⣬ո˵ǿȣʽͬ

Ԫüôʣʵش𣺡š
ֻ˵Լĸܣϲһģ졣

˵ССسĬһᣬЦУţµתƻ⣬Цصĸ²

٣ʢĸ¡

յ˷Ϣ˵Լ첻һԷҪæԼޡ

еʧػشá

ȥʳãܵؽ̻ؼң·ϿСŶԣ˼ۣҲ̵϶飬׼ϼֻ

ŵ̯ϰͷװʳƷҪ鱣𣿡

ãллشϰмϤʶ̧Ȼ˸ڱϵǶʶˡ

ŶԼǱϵܣôԼӦ⣿ϰЦУһ¿Ŀζ

壺ԼĲóԡ

򵥵ؽ͵˼Ҳǳ⣺ҪԼƷԣҲҪĥȷʵˣٸ

ϰüͷǡ˽ƱڻʹԱ֮һ⸱飬֪Ҫ˭ԣҪѧ´ңһֽ㡣

ϰĩǰպǲҵĴߣѧһֺ決Ʒգĩٺ󣬾˱ϵܣҲ˳µ˸ܱĸҵ

ͷãòл

һӵıؼңſڵͷڴԿס
ܿԿףš

һ뿪ʱµı黹ĭڣûڻ
±¶ȡ

ŶڼУſеˬüչķ俴ȥƵͷؼ
ǹŵġ

ͷ¼ſڵЬܣЬӡ
һ֡

˱ŶԵִġ

ѵЬӣЬϣûóȻѡķš

һֱעŸ˽ûδŮͬ£Խķ䡣

ŮѹϵҲζű˴ûи˿ռ䡣
ںܶʱ彫Լĸ˿ռ䡢˽̹Ȼչ¶룬ȴӲԴͬҪ

ӷڴ͸ŵЦ⣺ޣһ£ϳԡ

û̫࣬ԣɵȴŮѳһԱ

̶̵ļӣſˡ
ʶתķţһ˲䣬סˡ

ƤѩףƯŮһûмȹӣسķ󷽵ǰָָϵı𣿡

ֱ
ګګصͷɰͰ˵ǡǵġ

Ŀ£һҧһڣɰЦ䣬ǳóԣ


ԵٶȲ΢촽չˮһֻ˲ժӣҡ

壺
ĬĬƲ񣬲˼ٶ࿴

ûϵǣһӣָ˵ֱתһ˲䣬΢ָסЦţ׼סĴ

ó𣿡

ڽζ

ð˵ľľؿЦգʪĴꡣ
һӺˡ

µţԵģ




78.   78    ĩڶʮ죺ס

ʱ, Խֱ׵׽Խеӡ
ͷȫȫһֻ׵κСĿʢܳŨ⡣ǻµζ, Ǳζ

µ̧ס˰, 룺ĺ
֭͡Ƿɵļʳ

Ҵҵ̧, 뿴ȥ
һûмȹ, ѩף, ΢ָ⻹ֱϣƫУӡļϡ

̧, 
ٿ䣬촽ҵȹӺÿ𣿡

̵ͷеͰ͵أǡǳÿ

еıѾԵأǰһ̵ķԹ⣬ǰ󲻹ӡȴԼ߹˰뱲ӰѰ
Ѱʹ۽, °ͣӷĽǶȿȥһźÿε, ͦ, , Ƥǲ԰׵ģȴԵùĿĿ

ҧһڱ, ָ̫ҿѡ

ѹԹԵ̧ͷ

ǣͫһ˺üȹӣҪҪ

嶨ؿڷЦУԥСĵعסָ⣬Ӷεأҿ𣿡

Ȼԡ

ǣڡſŹء

ûбϵߵıֶΣڳСʱ£ϵıڴڻһС̯۶ճĹͻ



ƯȹӣڷϣÿŲۡ

վھǰѩϸָŪżͷ鷢˸ɰͷޱȵϣȳճյ˻ıӰܿ죬ת߽գƯ𣿡

ѾΪ֡Ư

ղһÿ

ѽʾ֭׾ܽǰһȹӺȹӵɫʽĶԱȣȻóԼ뷨һ㴩ܺÿ

뱻е϶ˡ
վǰָָ⴩Ķ̷С㣬ٶԱһ

壺áޡ

һȹһ˫Ƥϸ߸
壬ģ⼸зװУĸ߸Ь

ڴߣȹչһĻ
ȹ֮£⣬׼߸Ьڡ

ΡΡؾ֣ҿ԰㴩𣿡

ɼε˵꣬һ˲еڣܾ˼շתĪšȴϵʳ仰㣬̹Ȼ㣬ͷЦеؿشȻԡ

ǵڶȻԡ

κأϥǰΪϡ
ɫЬѩ׵㡣
Ա

Ľţϡ

ߣܣͷΪЬļ˲ָıǼ⣬ӱǼϣȻϵƤٵںڶ̷
ͽĶУף

ۣ𽥼ᶨ𣿡

ȻԡǵΣӦ

ЦŵչȥŻ磬Ĵһ¡



Ķ̷ָ߬⣬Ĵʪģһ˲䣬͸ŨԿܵİ⡣

ڵƹȹھµƶ䡢ʻڼξ

ѶҸ룺һˣһҡ
ӵУõԶػ

=
ĩٺĵڶʮ졣

ʱ䣬¶ʮա
ļ̨籩٣ƫʡеҲֹ̫ۣȴڼ̶ӰٺĻؽ̡

겻ɣԤ⽫һ̨;С
ǰ̨֪֤ͨ;ʱڣڵĳԱǶڻڲڻȻ

˵ǾͦνҲ쵼ǵ뷨ȺʱҪڲֻͬҪǱҪؾκһ³Ż

ÿһ˶ǻʲ
ǣ̨죬ⲿ籩žڲһƬͳԱȡ

̨죬ȡ
֥뷽סķڣһӭѣű߸ǴкɬɵؽԼ⣺塢̣ڽ¡

סڵ豸ûȫռȴϡص⣬Ŀǰ˶ǿŻڱϵṩı

ܷǱϵԱǣҪ齵£ͲòԻڵĻֽϵһ

֥ͷȻҪļûʱ򣬷͸ǣҪ䣬塣
ȵļ٣Գû˵䣬վſڼĭ׼ãͷ˱ˡ

᣺лл𣿡

廻Ьĭ䣬ڽĶ̶̼ڣƾ˴ıִһɨ˹ܹǻڵĶ⡣

ʱڣòõڵҪϢ

Ǵ㵷һЩɺϵ£ڶıϵߡ
Ůϵġѡ缰ˣǻе̳֮

ܿ죬ֵ֪⼸˶شѧѧͬʱݻڵĻɵãشѧﲻǣûλ⣬Ҳ

ʡеĻҲ۲쵽һ
ǷĽشѧԴ죺Ͼÿ߿ȫʡǰŵ˲ŲϵĴѧĩٺܾѣȺͳ͵ѧǣϵ츳ҲԶˡ

ҪһЩ
֥뷽û˼Ϊʲôôߡ
ֻרעһ⣺

Ϊʲôֵ߳ˣϵıǿȶʮ㣿
ǲǣʲô޷׿¶ʵࣿ

ῴ壬𸴣ѾԹˣϰ࣬ݼ١˯ˣҸһţ󡣡

ܶĸ˼һ߻شԼǷԹ͵⣬һ˳ŴŮûгԺá

֥һˮݸ塣
ڣݼٵĻ죬պýҲûй

ܳӹˮͷá

ڵװꡢҾߵȵȣǵһ鲼òɹġ

סԺ˫˷ڶܰϼƬһڻģĩǰƬ

ע⵽Ŀ估֮
˳̧üӶһۣЦԷǡܿ죬Ǽֱ˵صݸ壺㡣

֥ЦЦ˶һ죬Ȼ󵭵˵ǰƬ

ʹüۣ֥Ƭޱȵؿ

һڵƬ

ƯɰŮӢ˹ĵİְ֣󷽵衣
ļ΢΢һָڡС롱ϣһ۲ضš

˵ʮʱɣʱϳУС

壺ܡܿɰ
׾˵

峺Ůչ²ޱȵ΢Ц
ָ̧̧۾򣬽ŶСĵؿİְ裬ûоñðСأѯʵҿԡֻһ𣿡

̫ɰˣ뱣С˵




79.   79    ĩڶʮ죺С

̨, ʱأްĽϷѾ𲽸Ϊ˲ɹιԵĶڵԱ̧ͷ򶥸ʱܿܲա˸Ļߡ

Ĺʱ, ˸, ڸԪüݸı, ػʾټ

뿪ص, סҵķȥ

ڴ, ԶԶʩʩĶĿ֮ܿţ߰, ɫ졣ơٻšǣҰڽԡܡıĹ

Դӻؽ跢չȶΣԼߵĹѾ٣˹ٷϵͳڵĳԱǡ
ͨˣ඼Լġܡǡרҵܡڻְ

Щѡںϣרҵܡܻ
Ҳѡרעĩǰѧϰרҵ֪ʶԭĵ·ǰС

ߵ, Ѿһλ
ӵǿĻϵܡʱΪṩŷձֲ춯ǿߡ
ջˡԱĵ·

ŴСĿȾõ֪ʶ, ׳ڵļ, ˳شӡߡתΪְҵԱ, ȷỷУſǿ졣

ǰߡְҵ໥ںϣǰӡ
Ŀһڿڱ, ÿ춼೤ı̯ϡ
ϵƾԼƷʳ˽⣬Ʊܣ׾ٵʳǵĿڸ֮

ҲľϵڴϹ߲ˡֻҪṩӼɣһνмԼΪĩǰʮԪ

һƬ֮⣬ǿĻϲͣ½ŲؿһᣬǼҵķߡ
ڰ·Сɰľˣˮң

һЦҲŪѽ

Ե۶۵ĽСĵ棬ԵӾСצģͣסǰˮͬ飬Ц˵군ˣ

棡
צסСͷüڼӺھͶˡ

СǺ£ǺĩϮ˺ɿӦŵµ

ЦǼѾ۾һš㡱Сѻʾ⡣

ʱߵ㣬ڹ㲥ڸԪüŮʿĳߣĿǰ缶ΪɫҲҪ뿪ء
һԪü΢΢ɫ˵ױҿѡڲؾٰĸܶսҿ

Ź㲥еϤܶսʲô
ĩٺĵھŸ£µĿԱԱ춯ֲڵġˡѵ䷽ӦġҺȷܵЧѸ

ڵһٴԱǣ֮Ҳ½½س˺ļ¿Һ

Ҳ֮һ
һηþҺвûٴӦеĸã֢״ͬ㡣
֮󣬸µľҺ˵ͨͨһˮ
ȥЧ޷Ͼܱʽ̫⣬ȫȻͬˡΡӻܡ

ܣǳġۡȫûֻƽĶۣ̽ճУĥܵ֡
һͬǷ¿ҺڷúҪȥض⣬ⷢйȷѻرɡѩء

ļûʱƵһҺַ֮һڷúд춼ڻڵĶǻ˺ʱ䣬ڳԱҪı齵£ṩڡ硱塣

ھҺķ£ھ󲿷ֳԱҩǵ츳ߡ
ԱǽɼܵݣΪ˺Ŀйṩ

¸ʡеִأҲ顣
ܶսѺúгľʽϵıƴͬʱƵΪ֮Ŀйṩ

ŸԪüŮʿҵķȥ
ߵſڣͿѾſڵȴܾõѡ

峺ᡣ͸żܹҲԵ̽ſԴһᣬеŵĿ£˳ƺ˱

Ŷ䣬ֱӵʵ࣬˹ӢһƯֺͣƲʵڹĿԱ

ش˴ţָⲻ֪ĸطεؿһץס֣£סָ⣬û

ҪҪһЩģ

ſţϰڷŲϲԵĶ

һЩʱ½ȱذŷţٽƷһЩйʳһЩ飬֪ﻻĺóԵġ

ŽһۣˡǴ󷽷һ£һԼϲģųŲҲڡ

屻ιòԼԭ˵¡
ʮӺιһֻĹҵԲ󣬷ҧһ̫ıɣ˵룬Ҹղ˵尢вμεܶսҪȥ



𾪣㵵ظҪμܶս

Ȼ֪£ְ趼ûиһϢ֪ͨ

˵ͷ˵ǵģҲʱμӵģҪǽûϰ࣬ԱȽġ
죬һз֪ܶսϢλ˼仰;μӡԻͼС

һڵıɣ˿ˮڷĿ£Լ˽⵽Ϣȫ֪ǲ飬Ӧû̫⡣ʱĵҡ
㿪ġܶս1830ҡ

˼һᣬҪμ𣿡

ҡҡͷ˵Ӧòμӡ

˵šӦòμӡ浽˱أ㻹ûʽ֮ʣȺ˼ˡ

ֳվһ𣬵̸缰
ں̸šȻǿȵѡ



˼ѾܵİϣҴҵߵߣϵıɻΣôһ仰Ҳ˵ıˡ

ЦͬԻΪʲô
ţǺɣ֪ԼܱǿȣڻŲŵΡ

ϼ쵼һɫǵϢǿȷǣӵеԪϵ£ѡ缰ˣڵǿ
˴ΡܶսȴͬϵԪ½жսƴ

ɫ΢
ѵһ仰ֱЦҶԼ

ӢĻϵߣڽ̸϶̧ͷƳ˲Զ塣
ʶ̧̧üӣֳأŵġ




80.   80    ĩڶʮ죺졭

ܶս, Ϊ˹ڿԱռݡо츳޵ȵݶ

˴ξĿչΪ˳ȴ㲥֪ͨ⣬ڵĳԱӵеͨѶ豸ҲյĿݡʽصϢ

δʱڴ˴ξڣԱ1830ε׳ꡣ
̧Զ, 㿴ֳʱˡ״, һƬ֮, ͬ, Я·, ͣ½Ųһѡ

ĳҲеزžƷĩǰдۿ۰㣬, һˡ

ɵûֽ

֥ЦָָϵĲŮŲһĻ֣ǳԡ

룺
εؿᣬº͵ġ

豧š˳·桱ͷֻʵڣΪǺͼ͡۳˵ľûʼ, Ťͷ壬ͷȺŶӣ䵭, ֻš

, Ȼ, ϣһյϢ

[룬Ŷ, ׼μԿ]

һ䷢꣬һҲɿ쵽[һԼ޶ȡ]

Ҳˬ죬ִãͰڷλʱʾ⡣
ڿһ˲䣬ϵı飬Цǳڽ۵ס

Ŷӣ

ʱ뿪ǵҰΧ뱸ȴ

ͰһԱߵĹϢڵרҵʦڵ׼λȷܹ¼ֻܳ档

ĲɵؿԣָĦ½ǣĻһ䣺롣
ţ
ܹԵӦһ
֥⣬ֻʵ㣺ʶУǿȸߵ˶𣿡

ش𣺡ͦģ

˼һȷԼߵġС˵šġ
ȴ缰жѡ֮⣬缰ʦ塢ֳˣӵŽǿܵԱ
ֻںܶʱʦ岻̫ġϵܡȴ̰ʱϡ༾ټʹãҽѧλǱĹʵԳܡóˮϵܣṩճʳˮȷʱսǵˮ󡣵ȻϰʹרҵезӦԿܴڵΣ

û̫ࡣ
ָͷȷɵش𣺡Ǽܶߣܴһصʦ

֥ʧЦŮ˵еĽв˵Ц⣬ָһıǼ⣬Ϸʴ𣺡ʶ˻ͦģ罻ޡ

룺ҲǡţֻǸպãʶѶ㡣

Լ˵ܡʼ϶Լǡ顱ʶĿԵؽӴŵԱǣȷԼĩ˳
ʱգ޷ܡܾľɹӵ˻ڵһϯ֮λ㲻Ҫ壬Ҳܹø㡣

ټ븸ĸط꣬һ·á

ϵıһ¼ͷ˵ұȽˡ
ɵ˵ָָ̨꣬ѾʼѺúгǣ貣ľϵܣ

ܾǩֻԪϵ
ˣľϵϵսˮϵϵսȸ

ȷĳǩԵĶսЧṩܶսݡ
̨ϲǣ¼浵֮£Ϊй֮һ

ǩ泵ս
Ըԭ򣬻ʤ߿ѡһ߶սҲѡϢ۲̨Ա

֥ţˡ
缰ĳ˳磬ġľϵܡպһλľϵ߶ϡ

ֻûվȶã缰Ͼ͹˵΢ı飬̾Ϣʼ磬תͷʵľϵҪôƴܲǿȣ

ҪҪ㵱ϣ

ִӿڴһѺڹӣһƬЦ

Ҳ̿ǶĬϵؽľϵܵõġ顱ũҵĿΪҵũҵչ·׸λߵ٩Ҳǡ֤ľϵںܶೡеľޣǸʹľϵܽд߷ʹ֮С

ܿ죬ⳡսԶԷԸ˳
ԷĻشҲϿң֮ǰ缰ȹˣľϵܣǻض⣬ٱҲû˼
ɡ

³̨缰ɫƽ΢΢һףܿ죬ֳ˵ķȥ䣬ȷһλĶ֡

Ů˵ķλλ˵̸ݡ
ܽᣬ˵ⰲԻڶ֮Ķսƴǡڳλպյߡǰյ쵼ͨѶϢϣڳսǰ簲⼸λǽѺöȡݡ

ظһ䣺ȷ𣿶ԷԸֱӶս𣿡

ƽ˼·ɣţҸղѾڶкλĹˡ

΢㵣˵⻰еġλò壬ϤķԱѰɣ

Ȼ档
ʱȣʢھ缰ѺܿͶϣܶԿ
ںܶУֻڡũҵġľϵܡ缰Уô˳ʶ

Ҳǿȼߣպ󼸴ηþҺĲ£缰ġѸ٣ҷǳι̡侫׼ȼߵĲ֮£ܽ˵ֽŲ谭ʩչܵĽȡ

Ȼס𡱿ˡľѱֽţʩչ֮ʣսҵᣬŻȼգ֮䣬ջٳɻҡ

ȼյһ̣缰ϱ鲻䣬侲סҲòЦ˵˾䡰ԲסŽջء

ĴܳյûҰܡ

ѾľϵĴ˸ԭġջ٣ζܣҲ֪缰ôܹġ

밲̨£۲׽̨ϲߵĶս棬Ϣ˽ԭУжӦеǿȡ

ĩеľμģԵ㣬Ŀǰӵеܱʽȷʵﵽиеӡ
ɣڽԭϢʵöԱԺ󣬼۲̨ϡ

֥뷽ĬĬһۡ
Ⱥ̨λڶݵϢУһЦڵķλһɫĮ΢΢ģֻĬؿһۣѸջ

ǰǿűԣľϵջٵѡ
ѷũҵǿȶ⣬ΪһټģлȨ缰

ܿ죬Ϣʱȥλϳ
ľԶ׼ʵ

ˮ롰𡱣ǿδ֪

ˮϵУ޷ӦԻϵܵǿ󣬶̶̶սʱڣˮ㱻ոɡ

ѵĶսȫȻ
ĵ£ĸ£խ̨ϣĿϾˮ

̨¿ýˣѾüͷŰֱۺȣŰֱۣ⹥Ϯ
֥뷽翴֮䣬ǰһҪԵա

˹忡ˣƯˡ
սá

̧ü֮䣬Ļ/ҩζܹ

ȴǻȻ֪㣬̨ϷĶս棬΢΢ǣ֥䲻һѯ£˵Լ˼ݡ
ʲô

ţŮ룬ǸԵǿжߡ

ʼ磬֥εصЦ
̨ΪǵŮǰչ¶Լ˴˵ŨءȴϣǶﶼǿصĿݡ

ǰӶǷ绨ѩ£ȫ˼ڿϡ

̨̨£μġԡ롰ԡ




81.   81    ĩڶʮһ죺

ܶս, гѺǵһԭչʾǿ츳Ρ
Ҫ˵Ѫȷشǻܷ¡

Ȼʱ˿̳ϵľ, ĳ, ȷʵ͡

豸ԵӰʦ, ߵ½ܶ豸Ӱ, ˵󻹲豸ŲŲɡˡ
ųϷܶԿ, ȷĻ˽ġĩġ

ΨһеģܾǵǿȽ֮ĩԭд˸ʱڵҪǿЩ

ҲǡáĴӰԭľߣڴԭַ, ϸ֦ĩ֮ССƫ
Ĳɵ롣

ӻ桢˪Ľ棬˴˼䳤ʮӵĽ֣ٵʱ䲻ԣ岶׽ʱϵ˲ƽѵľ絶а⡣
ƫͷ, 塣

ǵĿ⽻̶̼˲ռϷչ΢Ц, , ðˡ

ѿ̨µķ롢Цһ¡

Ӧ, Ƿ峺һЦ

û̫ⳡ֮ġԡ֪缰⣬Ҳֻʶ̨ʱǱſȸͷ, ǰչʾԼ

ƫƫ벢û̫ںνʤ
ƽصȴ³ֹʱʾ⣬Ѱʺ

ְô

״

Ƿǳͨκ֮ӵĶԻ

ƽİȫС

ֱлеԾԾԡȸԾһνС컨׶԰Сѣĵؿһۡ

ָ⣬ͫ߳ǳǳЦߣȥְı



Ӽʱռ߶սƵʡṩƵһ¼ƽϴԹڿԱعۿлȡҪݡ

е߱ǿں̶ܴҪһء
ߵˣ漣ڼʱڡ⡱һǡ

֥˿еõϢʱαϣõſɷݹһˮʱͷһЦ

ǽһž

룿Сĵص

һ֪𰸡

֥ƽˮ󼸿º󣬱Ӹߣ淢΢졣

һĬ

֥뵡ͷָס̫Ѩ߲żֿ뻳ɣҲ˵ʧ״̬Ӧµѡ񡣡



ĩٺĵڶʮ졣

ⲥľϵǵĴ߷£һʵ߹ڻصļ尲£˻أȷڵճʳ

£Ů٣Ӧõķݶȷϵʸ㡣

ȴʷ棬ػĻѧϰṩҴǡ
ĩǰѧҾԭ޷Ͷĳˣĩٺ󣬶µĻȡѧϰ

ŸԪü˽⵽Ϣһˡ

ԪüԭֻǱ˵˵ͷ˭֪뼫ϵġۡ£Խ˵Խ࣬Խ˵Խп
£ǻؽÿǲˡ

ҲûԽУб˸ԪüŮʿеմմϲѵصҪлĻǼеĻأһǹڶġ

ܸӵơ

Цţ˳˸ԪüһЩĿǰ̫˽Ϣ

Ԫüһһ𣬲ڵķչƣֻҪȶûʲôִѣǰһ·áһЩѾ뽩֮ƣıĵǵӵǿϣġ

뽫ռϢͰؼ¼С
°ؼңǰŸյңͻˡ

˹ͦæȥʳóԷĻ᲻࣬÷дݴؼҳԡ

ϽŽ칤ַʲôȤ¡

ܿ죬ʱߵҹ

廹е㲻ϰߡϴϣԼʰøɸɾˬˬķſǻһСᣬֱ뿪ڴŮƵߣſʲô

˯𣿡

ӱļ̺̽Ư޹ֿɰüͷ

ڵͫݸϷʵЦ⡣

ۿԹԵߵڣ࣬

С˵ҽһ㡣

ޱȹɵֱۣ§ڻ

ϵϵĵϢ÷θ泩Цһϣؿ佱죬ϲһ𡣡

ţָشĺڷϲͺá
ǲʲôֻǱһ˯͹ϲá

˯úܿ죬ͷŵ΢΢ˬ£˯ˡ
˯񾲶ʲôΡ

ϯ˯ǰһСèצֹιУ§һ硣

=
գ粻ְ࣬ϢգҪͰְúõشϼСʱ
յļſڣһϤ

ǵģƽҲҪע壬缰ͷҽҩ̧ʱŶͣ͸ź󱲵òв֢״ֱӴ绰ҡ

룺ְ裿

ǿŵģ缰ʱûйϡ

㵵缰ɻû³͵ͿһǸ룬ģְֽе㲻

Ҹպ·Ը忴һ¡

ӲǡŮ׷ߡݣȡô
Ů׷ǡⲻŻᣬеظͼڷǰչ¶Щơ

Ŀǰڻҽϵͳְ缰ͷ֮ʱṩѸ١ݵҽƾԱ

Ŀƽ뷽ӵһ̣û㡣

ҪֻǸպ·

ڷ벻֪˵Щʲôʱ

һмضлôлл㡣
˵ллֺܿͶѯְ״֮Уüͷ壬ԭʧֻʣ磺ôأ

졭˵ҲƵļڡ

ְ֥֮ǰе

סˡ
ǵùڹȥ£Ҳ޷ȷµ١

֥üе㽹ǵصղŷ缰˵ˣûаְҪҩ

üţǳ̾޿κΰ㣬˵֮ǰﵹдһЩҩ

ҧ촽̽̽ĶͷȷϲΪȸðĿԣſ裬ʵô죿

԰Ӣϸ𼸷ְĵЦ⡣Ůķ˵ûϵȹ״ˣְؼһˡ

ӼȡҩӦָܵʮ¡
֥

ڷδ£ɷһ̣⣬°㣬ŮЦ˵ģһжڿɿطΧڡ

缰ԸĲ䣬ǵģĿǰ˵ɿء

Ŀϣ̻¶Źػӣʲôһһֱڡ




82.   82    ĩڶʮ죺롭

ҩҽ
ʻĴ, ȷܹڶʱڷµ
գ۴ɣ缰е£΢Ц

糾ĺ, , ԰롣
ֻıܡ߼, Գѳ˵̬䵭緢һСΪǡ顱ʱ, ׽΢ǳ桱ΪһҪ, ֱسĿǰС

ȷ븸ĸĹϵԼǡ롻֮󣬷û̫
ȱʧԶ, Ψһܹǣʵģֻиĸ塣

ָ֥ձߣ곤ߵĵ͵̾Ϣ˿̵˼ڡ
缰ܾǰһڣľֹĳ޷С

Ϊһ˽е

ܿ죬òصл
һ, Ưںڵͫڻ鶯žǿס¶, ΢Цټ

ؽ

֥ػһ롭

=
ĩ, ÿ˶Ϊƴ
֥, ǴһʼΪŮǰ׼ӵ˰˾ӵĻǰԽȻ

Ǳþʹ˴סǵ, ڻлŮҸֵӡ
Ҳţƽ忡ͬӣڻڹ

Ϻܼĩ˺ʹͬһʯӻֻƬ̵ܿͱȶûһжģչʾ˵Ŀ֡ϲѳ˵ƿ

İ˻ȻΪһϵƿжɫ

֥ͷǡİˡ
Ǵӿһ̣ЦЮҪŮž۵Ҹ֮УЩԵЩϸڡ
֮ʱգϸ۲Ů״ոһյĴĦУǽƵغҲ룺ʲô飬⸱ӣ

ԡĴ̼㣬Ǿ˼Ǻѡ񡪡ĩǰʧȥļУЩȲ·ڷʱڣһ㡢ȴļ㡣
ܹ̼ʲô顱õѡ

ȻڶǰһѲٳΪһڵļ
νеĴҩҲԹ˵ǣصмеһڡ

뿴Ůڡδʧ䡱ǰǷڼʲôۼΪǳʵ



֥Ĳɵд뿪صĸǩɷǩ

һ֧飬ӵǸպҲҪ񣬿˳·֥͵Ŀĵء

ʲԽҰѾ̶̼Ӻ󣬳ɵأǰҪȥķ

뿪ǰ֥յŮϢ

˵Сģǡ

ֻͬյϢ
ǵüڸλϣӳںӾ￴İϵЦ⣬һʱҲݸϢ𣿡

̧֥ü

ˬʵЦ˵Ұæչһǣ˵ǲ˽ʲô⡣

֥˵

Ӣľٴӳǰͳһѻרһݣ֥˳ƽӹǿ˺һİװڽ˵ҪԼûʲôãҲҪǳػؼһˡ

ЦºͶͳҡҡͷź븸ĸͬź尢̵ĳˡ

¿еʳʲݵؽİװֽ֮
˾λ˾ְŻڵĹ˻زæأ͸չ˺ںˡ

Ȼ֥һۡ

𿪳ҲǺˬЦ

ȷʵ
ͬ־ڻ๤չļ

̶ʱ̡ǵ͸¶һڼϵʵĴڷǳҪ

Ҫܶʱļ˶յĻعٷӦ븣

=
ĩٺĵڶʮ졣

뿪أͬ£ǰмҵסַ

ĹȷԼʱûҪæµĻƺ󣬱׼°ࡣ
°ǰ˿ʱ䣺㡣

ҵķλڼģԼʮ๫·̣ĩǰֻҪСʱĳ̡ĩٺڵ·ļıֲܣµ·ٶȱռһ·ǰУĿĵķѵʱҪǰһ

ٱǰʱ䲻ԣǻѡȹһҹշػء

ǰ˵˿ܻᷢҲûôġ
ҲŰڻܹȫǵش

صļʳôѾƤȲȡ
ʳײϤѡ΢֮ңķȥ֮ңͬȺв׽Ĵڣϵıǻҹƣʢſϲá

롣֮ңغǰ£˴˽˽յ̬

Ŀǰְڻڡ԰֮ңûеʱҡճչ˹¶ĹУɵʮֳɫǡ԰ຢһ⣬ϲСʦ

أ֮ңҿûҵ壬һʱ仹еƣò̫ԾϾ֮ǰʱߡ

شҪᣬûһԷ

˵ճæµš

ʱ䰲ߵңʡеĻߣֻᡣ
һѧרҵ֯ĻĿ

ݷ˽⣬ģ飬ũҵ顢ҽѧоȡ
ڵĿԱǽ춼ҪӰ࿪ᣬû⡣

ڽͨĩУϻΪ֪ѧͬ졢ͨ޵Ҫʽ

򵥵ؽϣ֮ңϵıˡ
һȥɣ֯ҹУһ׿ɺÿˣ

ҧʳôϵ߲ˡĩǰ߲΢࣬žߴģҶƬ̣ڸͷЦһ£ŮٶϲĿɰ飬֮ңͷֵģӦ𣺡ѽ
պѲڡ

Ŵǣ¶Ķ۵飺һȥ棬ˡ



ߵ鿪ʼ
ңʳùӦм͵ԱǵĹַص㡣

Ҵææس˷ͬʱ뷢Ϣ֪ԼĿʱ䣬Ԥƽʱ㡣

ճʱ֪ŮѣŰڿظϢҪúóԷؼҵݺȸԾ泩ϹŵЦþòʡ

ܿ죬ͬǵĽŲ̤Ѿֱ豸װ׼õĻҡ

ⳡ飬ǻ״ĩٺġܽɡ
ϣǸҵڲܽ鿪չʵʣԣһܽᣬĩлеġѡ롰ȷչ

УǷ֮һڵġδ춯о顱ڹںպԵҲø壬ֻʱܽᷢ

ڵĿУڡδ춯඼ԴͬǵСиŬȹǲʡмѻȡϡ١δ춯ڸ涼ŵ
ʵ黷озΧȣͬڻеĿӡ̸ʡеĴҵԱ

һλԵͬ½ӹͲͷ¸壬˼˶ݼӺһ£
ǡδ춯СĿչ˳лиԵʣǱʡĿǰӵеĻ

ͬ¡ͬµһ仰ѿڶǻиδ춯ýŮô˵ɣʼĿɹĿ˳вİ

Ů֣ͬûֱ¶
лأ˭ָ֪˭

ƽؽӹ磬˳ƽݵ˵עл档
֪ʱ̫ϲ˶Ĺֹע

㣬ȷʵںܶʱǴ߶ҪĿҪ¼



ͬʱũҵ߻顣

Ŀ鳤žͷЦһƽʼͷ룬ڽũҵ溦ؼЩҲͲҶ˵ˡ

ϻ飬ʡеĸ˽ȻЦˡ

ڽǰҾͺʹ˵ġⳡûбҪ׸鳤Цֻ˵һλ溦ΣӦԣʷҿԴƲ⡣

ûϼӦʵķͨںһ¸ηĽ飬ǵĳ溦飬ҲҪƳʱ䣬ܵõչ

ĩԺֽܵչδʷӡ

֣עʷ̵ĺۼ




83.   83    ĩڶʮ죺࡭

սһվڶͷСԺ, ۿܣ̧üʵ֮ǰƬ˭ӵģ
սƽԣţش϶ӴԮȵġ

һƬǼкɫ, ĩǰ, ڻб߾, Ҳ˽Ȧ
Ȼ, ʱգȥ, ʣµģٶȻȺ֮Уڻصİ¹ƽг

֥뷽ڰСʱǰȷ˱ڲûб춯ټ, ˳µСԺ

ȷĸ˽ͬʱսѲռΧϢԱ㽫ʱԵ鿴ȷг̵İȫ

ſɿͬ飬֥뷽ͼѰſܴڵ

ʱҴʣǲ޹֮ʣȻ, ؿ鷿ڵһǣԥųһ̡
ĩǰDVDҲǼӲ̴洢ʽȻ, ʱǰʮ, ֥ʱ, ǵĽƵ¼ǴDVDС
DVḌ˵ͨҵʺϴϢЧߡ

Լ򵥻Ĵ淽ʽȷϢȶڹڳʮϡ

֥ͷĽƵ¼洢DVD, ʮȥͨ豸ȡ

һúбúܺõḶ́ܵĽ䣬Զ˿굼³ʪĴ̨

ᶶϱߵĻҳһŹ̡
İ棬ǿȷţдûйẒ́

֥ɷϣ㶣ܿ죬ִָ̧ʾ

䵹˳鷿ĳҵ籦ͳһ̨ܾûùıʼǱԡ
ɺϵǣԤϵȡҪԣҪԴ

籦ĵ磬ĩ½һ꣬΢ĺҲӰʹáܿ죬ϳ籦ʼǱԿʼ硣

ڳҵ˶

ĩǰճƷƷֻ˰װùһΣȷϿʹãͱ롣

ǳ⣬ϰþӣеķֻڻعʱŮžʱסһס
ôЩ׼˭Ҳͺܺó

֥ؿʹָסʹϮֱֲ֮ü˸ʹɫ
Ȼ
ܣȷ鷿Ŵ⣬ܹ鷿ڵĶŽ̷Žڡ

Զȡʾ̡
㿪

һθʽΪMP4Ƶ

ϣһһֻ

ڵĻϿ˷룬Ƕ˲䣬͹ĸֱһ̵ŮԶڻصķж

Ůʪ񣬰ͷ
ָſе䣬кö໰˵ǿ

ʮӵƵ
ͷǷһְ衱

֪һؼһˣȣ͸Ц⣬ϾֻаְŻңǲǳʲô¡

֥һϣҧŲȥ
غһͼѹָȴڷ󣬷ס˱˴˵֡

Ƶš

һſ˵գȡ˸ĸ֮Сʳǣųĺúӡ

СʱҾһֱΣĩ٣渣ģʼʼ˵·ѾԤ⵽ڸĸã㣬ص̫ʵݲҲšҺҪڵڼװ²֡ʳ󡣡

۵ı飬ͷ΢ЦСġĩجΡȫʲô°㡣

ǡݺ̣Һϲ족Ŀɰ顣

룬ǿƵʱѾȡһлƽʱɣ

֥Ķߴ۵ЦΪ˸ĸôܺԵüʹࣿ

һֽڿɰʹࡣ

֥˱ۣд

˵ҷ֣ǸκΡҿܺͱСһ㲻̫һ

ǴС󣬰䱦ŮȶߣǳɱԵ죬ʪسЦһ£͸ԿܡʹеĿɬ

Ǿһţְ裬˸Σμ˴ǰҲҵϱӣҲ¡

ܾһֹһӣ֥ŮеʪʸУܲͣЪ꣬綼һƬʪһ仰Ҳ˵ڣֻͼźʣؼȥһĩ٣Ҳ̫ˣˡ

ڶΣŵŮϧŮǴСڻųĹԹԣòִٶεʼ磬ԼıɫĬһðɣôˣҵ˰֢ˡ



ɷۿѾˡ

˵Ŀǣǿڶгɰ⽫һڶԼΣǲɿҲʵĴ⡣

ĺӣ˽˵Űٻʱı״̬

ΡҲ£һĵΣְ裬ˣǵСǺùԵЦͫģ˵һΣȽϺãСΣǰ׼Ȼڽ֮ǰҲֻΪԼǡĩ֢


һΣҲ֪˵ʲôĳĬʱ䡣

ھͷΧڣָ⣬ʺǼֳʹеշתա
֥һʶƵʱŮھʹࡣ

˵һУűг˼·߼˳

ȣ˵ܻΡ
ٷ֮ʮʵ

ھһΣ˽ĵ˲ѡƵ浵Ը֪ĸ

һԤϵ˽Լôġ

ʧȥ䣬Ȼȴ븸ĸȹʱ⡣

ʧ䣬ѡ
Ϊ̫ʹࡣ

һ۲ؿĻϵŮغ˽ʲôֻŷ֢״
٣ɫ԰ףͫڣ͸Ԩеס޷г

ָ֥ⷢȻ

ǾþõؿžͷķӺڻžͷ¶һЦ
ƯãǱһ̫ȴŬؽڵء

һ̣˷ھͷг˼ֽѹƤϣͷţС˵ְ裬Բ𡣡

ֻ˵Ҫúõػȥҳʪֽţ֮һԣڳõĳĬԺ󣬶˵Щ˵еʹࡣ

˵еʹࡱɿֻŷļ˲䣬Աʾǡеʹࡱô򵥡

һͣ٣һԥ
ʹǵģֻвõЦ뿪

ָͷЦţͫһֻɰСܣ˫ϥžͷǱߣƵۿĸĸ˵ⶼҵѡ񡣡

ϣδԼ

һƵʣ¼ӵʱ򣬶Ȼ΢Ц޵пɰüۣˣҸһܡҲǶ˼ӣұҪܡ

ûʲôɱĩ
˼ǹ΢΢̾ϢһƵսһ̣˵ҲҪһЩõİ취




84.   84    ĩڶʮһ죺ס

һֱҹʱ, ӽʮһңػԱ°ؼҡ

ͳڼһֱûüֻ뷢ļƬ
ֱڻҹ̯ǰѡļ׿ʽԼĳƷͼ

Ůָϸѩ, ָؽڴ͸ŵķۡ
׵Ŀʽǲ̫۵ǳɫ, ĵס

忴Ƭϰ, Ǽᶨ֮ͷ



֥뷽ӻʱ, Ѿյʱ֡

ĩڶʮһ졣ǻһա

򸾣һӢ˹, һ󷽣ڵǼǻػصϼ¼ʱع㲥Ůö
ͨһϢ, еֲѾ

Աע⵽Էסʵֶ˶٣ǲһϢżдǼǡ

û̫ϣֻİ԰⼸Ѿʼ׼ոһũˣʳµ߲ʳܳԡ
еŮʿЦŸ˼䡣

һӵǼǽҲʱֱ, սҪæֻҴҵض֥ˣ֮ʲô뿪ص, ֱӺ˵С
üĳ, Ҫæ, Ҳ˵

Ϳָϵظл˼ͬյ๤

ֱ׷ֱվڻشŸλ, ŻСȻĳĬ
ֻ𣬾˼е֥ᡣ

硣

֥ͨ绰û˵ǱߵŮɣݸǻ˶𣿡
Ҫҩȡ𣿡

Ůʧȥ˼䣬ҲӦأ˷ͶĹȥ

֥գգۣЦŴ𣺡Ѿȡˡ
ͼ̼̽ļ䡣ѡתƻ⣬ƽȻ˵һ棿㼸°ࣿ

绰ﴫŮϸϤϤ˷ĲйһᣬȻش𣺡ٹСʱ

ãһ棿

ţ

Ҷϵ绰֥ɷһۡһ˲Եؽ˱˴˵뷨
ڼѰҵDVḌȻǴ˻ء
ֻǣǵûд㽫̽Ů˼

ƵУ̬Ѿ㹻ԡ
һжѡ

Ϊ˸ĸԸ⿴ȥʹࡪ㣬˹ȥʱ⣬ΪԼ˲֪ļףȷԼܹĩȥ

ѡȴѡ

ķ룬״̬пֻŷʱĽǲʻһĲõ̫

һжܺá
ѡ

֥˱ָۣȥ۽ǵʪ󣬵͵ǻһֱߡ

ۣʵسɷ˵ͷ
Ȼǻߡ

ĸĳŵ

=
Ѹսһ˷еķй賿صУյûãͷ˯㡣
һ˺ķԱϢ˵һԼ

˯ػظ˸á
˴Żع㲥ϤŮеɫƯ峺ɤ
ؽҲ׼µĲԱΪǽܹ˳ָԪüĹŮУٶĩǰҵĴҵԱǵĹҲ㣬ֻǣȫȻá

һ죬ûڵ

Ĳֱмδ밮Ľ

ҲϢ˵첻ŷй˵ÿ˵ľ޵ġĩǰпַܳԱһܷɺü˺ĩ󣬿տȶҪԱϱ֮ǰרעľй
ĸۺӣϣϢʲô¡

Ѳϱߺ͸ĸ˸á
ָԱѷϢȷһԼĵص㣬׼ضȹڡ

һػأѾͼעԼĸڷ;Уܻе㲻̫עֻ۾ŷйֻҪڻأǰԼùһɣԲ̫õϡ

ϣǰԼӢġ

΢С˼ܸо塢缰ͬҲС

ƽʱ缰һ⣬ɾˬ
ļ٣һȺӲ̫նԼݣޱ߷·ʱŵζѸҿ϶˵Ͼûֳζ塢缰Ҳ

ھǰشһԼȷſ㹻棬㹻ɾǰԼص㡣

Լص㣬Ѽ棬˴˽һڵķ

Է϶Ѻüͷ˿ڲˣһĿɲһôǰϴ˸軻һ

֮Ϸʵ٩˵Цζ

Ҳûʲô˼ر𵭶ػش㻹ֵ⻻ϴһ

ѣϣ˵ȥʲôŮƵġ

ûڷ㲥еѻɸԪüŮʿ󣬲ɫؿ˿ܣûҵƽʳÿŮеʧŲ

Ѹƣô汻˵ˣ

Ӣ侲һۣţ˿ġ

ԱѣλӦò׷ɰɣ

ǼҾǸѾԶͬеĶ⡣
Խкҵǻϼ쵼Ҫĸֱ档ĺշйɺȫǰࡢ

ȴЩ⣬ܸǿ㡣ڲǰܶսУҲǿȦɵ㡣

гϣ˵Ǽֵˡ

׷ʣòỹû׷ɣǱȱ˶Ҫ㡭

ѳĬһСᡣ˵һЩ



ü૵Ӧðɡ

۽޵ʹûӦ
ɺϵǣԼֽӽβ֮࣬Ϊû룬һʳóԷ

ԪüŮʿ˰࣬һʳò⡣

ټʳòĹҵյ£ܵһ۾ʹȺпĴڡ

ѱڰǷ˳ģٳûܵõԷӦһʱֵ̧ͿƣŲһһϸ˲Ȼ
㡭

ѶܵЦһ£ٵؽеķƾҪǰͬ䡣

ζӳ¡
ӢĬĬһڣһֻ涷޵ĹȸԼģޱȿʣŶҹȥһˡ

΢˼ǰڵλáΪԶû˵˵ʲôרעؿ˻᷽򸾵飬ʶظо˵ҳ

룬ɫѰ
سŷûн븸ĸ̸ͷ

ĵ鰡

ǺĶǵĻĬĬؼ۲졣

ܿ죬һģ忡࣬ű˿۾һ

ĺѣһ

Ĵ´磬Ҳɾ˵Ƿǳϲġ

з˵꣬ԼֱȽԼͶ˧֮Ĳ࣬
˧綼Ϊ׷ŮԼն޵ģò񻰡

ù԰




85.   85    ĩڶʮһ죺á

Ҫ˵ûĸӻ΢ת, Ǿеαˡ

ʵϣ֪ϵĿ⡪Ю׽͸
̧ӣɻüֺܿЦ, , һԸ֪̫ӡ

û̫ǿҵĺġҲ֮ʶҲǻؼһ, õһЩҪѶϢЩѶϢ, ׸, ֻ״赭д

Ĳɵ룬ͬʱںѽ̸ܿ, Ҳӹص

ʳòȣĳ඼һټϺɫֹ񣬸ԵȺеĳڡ
ѿͿغк֮Ѻ罻٣ˡ

˵Ҫһˣʵ

ɵԣ𣺡, Ŀ
ʱգҲǼӵˡδ춯ǽ˼иĿĽ, ȷöȺĸ尲Σճ󡪡롰δ춯ӭˡڡδ춯ʵ, ṩѪҺʵ, Ϊṩȶ
һ˫Ӯ

صľ飬ԴѾĿеòġʱء

˲ֳеĿչЩĿԱĿǰ, ͨޡؼ

˵ţ밮ԵĲùһЩϡ
˵һ䣺Բţҽ

֥뷽ϰǰСƽյľͲϰߡ
ǿͷһ۾һ䣬¶ЦȻƲؼԷ̫߷Ķ

£ѺѵġѺý
һﲢ̫ҩζ˶棬вԸΪ̫ţ˵罻ʽüȡ

֥ͷ᲻δСᣬ׾ٵؾʹǵ񽻻УȤķΧ

Ƕ¡άڳԷʱרĸɷ̬֤Լ֮Ľֻʲ漰˴˵Ĺ룬ǳǳصһ˴ҵϵ㡣

ͦãҪɵĻһӹǰǷлصķ񣬡ƵҪʲôϵʱҲԺ˵

ãлˣ֮ҪҪĻæġ
ҲûֱӾܾŷһķԲˣֽӹһҲûںظ

ѿˮĶʱ俨˿ǡ
ϵֻ룬֪ؿ롣

ŮѾԱ㣬̵ͳڴֽ졣

ѣ

һֵǰˡвʵؿ۽Ŵ磬ﰵرȽһԼģԼԼľڴϣƽɫ

ֻȻؿšѡݣǰ¶ŮѼֹܾԭԲ̫Щ΢СϸڡϾѴһʼʶ룬֪ϵ

һ̣е㱻Ҫ

Ӣĵɫ̾˿

ת˻⣬尢̣ϻ˵ǳļҳˡպпգҼһˣѧĲȡ

һźЦ󷽣ֳֺϲСᡣ

֥뷽һۣܿ죬ǵ˵ͷá

ţЦǻ𣬻صԼλϡ
ѵȴʱû̧̧üʣô

̧˰뱭ˮ˻ɬĺŻشʲôô

ѼüŪۣҿϵ

ȻƬ̺鲻ԽӣЦʼ磬𣺡ȡģ˵һȽ¡

˲ϲѡ
츳ࡢԸ񡢰ãڶݵʱ￿Ź˵罻ɣöԷϲ

ѿԺŵ˵Բ

̫һ

Ƶֺһˮ૵ԸһϣǶʾãҲܻڵһʱתܾ

ʶʲôʵȵȣ˼ǡ

Ц̹󷽵¼ͷǵģѣ֪

Ȼ˵һ仰ǣδŮδޡ

Ļ˵ˡĵؽĿ⿴Զһ롢ѣԼĸĸ

ֿǰѣգ̾㡣

ѵĵ¹ǺֵżĲ

ֻҪδȢ̹ȻޱȣȷԼ׷󡢿ʾá
оҪĩǰܱһЩʿʹѪͷ

оȻҲ㲻̫ˡ

Ѻһɹ˺ࡣ곤һЩĩٺԻݷأշд㣬ҪѶ֮

ˣ棬ҲѰҪöࡣ

ѻ˴ǰȥĳлأͬлİԡ

ĩ٣ֻиػڲŽȫķƶȡ

ڻⲿЩԸٷǣӵԼıʽ

УôһС飬ƾǿȣΥĩǰġһһޡƶȣӵ˿С˵еġ󹬡

Ӳ˵ʱλ˵ʱ΢һޱȣеʳʰؾϾǹȥĩٺֻҪڹٷڵĻʲôʲôûܹܡ


Ҳ˵ĩٺĵ¹֮ǰϣжĸı

ǰơСķԣҲͲ˾ˡ



ҡҡͷЩ߰ͷ˦ӣĿ⿴ѣͷðôһ仰͡

֣Ͽҿֵ֣лֵܡ

ˣҪлᡪ

ʱɡ

Цеص

˱еȸԾ볩붺ˡ
ͷͣУҪܳˡ

ʵҲɣˬһṩ⣬ɡ

һ£ڻֳɡ

ѣ

ĬĬһ۲Զںͷύ̸塣
ͬʱ뵽缰

˻˵Ѳġ⡱и棬

ġ
ǡ

ŶеˬŶ̫żˡ

ѳ˳ڣһ𣺡ȷʵеżˡ

ȴǻν塢缰ɵ¡
룬룺ɴʲôأ

룬һǷǳǳƯġ



ؿѵһܾϵı鲻̫Ծ
һЦһ΢

ɰΣס֣룬ܾʲôõĶ

Ƶؿһû̫ᣬգ˵ء

屻Ĵգһڣ׵Ķˡ
ҲνǷʲôõͷˡ

סָ⣬û˼ǰǣ˳Ƶͷֱһ¡

СҸصǵģء




86.   86    ĩڶʮ죺

ĩٺĵڶʮ졣

ӡһܵĿս̲ġԴȫҴ߻ڿѧǵ鸶
֮, ػLEDϽ˿ƵĲţȷܹܽ˽⡣

°֮࣬ܿгˡ׶ڴפ㣬ͷŻŵĸƵ

ڵơξչ⴩͸, , ӡϷ⡣ļ, ѵõʺ, ̫ƵĹڵء
ӲҴ°, ·סĵ·ڼע⵽Ⱥӵ֮ͣͣ, Զؽ¼ڲᡣ

˵յũÿϵЦ⣬о챥֡ϲϣ



еļȣߣһֱάֵ¡

洦ԼװˡǶ̿㣬Ƕȹ

缰ڷסؾĵ·, ˷롣
һȹڱԵ׺ѩɫ˿ļϥȹӣѩף, ʱ, ϸϸĽ¶һذ, ڿ·ֵСʱ˳Ƶػӻʾ⣬Ц

ûܿ, ȴƳĲЦһ˲䣬СеڴˣκͷӦá

缰ͣСߣ£ֵЬ⿪СϵЬ

ܿ죬СŮȹڣɬŤһڣС㻶ŷˡ

һ׵е㱣ҡͷʧЦѵķ롣

Ӱûжǿ÷ԹߣĵһĻ

ҲĿ̫УֻǷй񣬺ܿ죬ʶʲôšüͷķֱ

缰վڽ䣬֮أһ̣Сǣ̽Ŵк롣

һ˲񽻻㡣
Ӣ괩ɫɫĳ㣬ټļҲԸϥʿװˡŴ磬ͬԵйŰ벢ʲô֡ҲԸļ̻¶˶⣬¹ļװǳġ

кҲû䵭֮òػӦ缰á

Ҫؼ𣿡
ţ°ˡ

ȹڣԭ׵
˵ʱдһ⡢ڵĿǣ͸ŵǳǳЦ⣬ֻǲǶ˭ߡ
缰룺˭ᡣ

СԳ

ϲĽ׷ǣ֡ᡱоͲһȻʧ
֪Դ˵ġᡱԴܼˡ˵ġᡱȻͬ

Ҳ𣿡

һʱĬڵ׷һ䡣
һҪõ𰸵ѯ

缰ػأţҲǸ°ࡣ

û˼˵Լͣ½ŲֻΪ˿Сѽ̸
꿴˵һȥ𣿡

ͬлصסŮ˵ڴߣ뵽Ǽ˾¡

缰ǰлعһΡǴҹʱ֣չ˶ԹҵŮԣΪ
ǰ죬·ҪУȻҪʹԷ

һСĳĬ
ش̫㣬һҪȥԷˡ

֮еľܾ
缰Ѿϰᵽʱ⡣

˵ͷãûϵǰߣںߡ

ͷһᣬûдһ̵ȻֻǺνһ¼ͷ

ǰţȹڷһʢŵǾޱ

ںӣţʮ׵ľ룬㹻ȺпʱٻӰ

缰Ѿܹܺõؿܡûסм¶ģָһϸ͵ĵ˳һ̵̽ǸӰ

ڿʱ򣬻š
תǣܹʱ̣缰ҴҵؽսȷῴһʢСԸ֮ǰܱʱ˺ҲԸԼİĽΪĸ

߬š˼ꡣʹƳһˡ
һˡ

ѳֵس߽󵨣еգ룺룬ҼҳԷ尢Ҳڡ˼ֲˣҲԿ

˶٣оܾ˼̵Ҳڣ

缰գգ۽ޣһʱŴ㵣Ҳе塣
˭ܿó뷽Էͼ

Уõĳֵı죬ķԱ⣬˼ҵġա
缰֪Ҳĳա

Է֪Ϥпܾܾǰ£һ塣
Ӹ棬ܾĿԶˡ

ţҲڣ
ŮƵ׷һ䣬ѻشǵģպҾһ¡˲ٲˣһҲʲô

󷽷Цţϣָָ̽Լҵķ򣺡

ѶȥԷһ룬ֻȻ˼ǰһš
ʵʵ˵Լյңͱѡ롱ȥҳԷ

֮齻桢ﲩģһȥģû
ԼԼܲµԭ

ڰǰӡֲˢߡ
еЦʤ

ѹɵؿڻ˶ź̧ͷЦһ£ͬˣõġ

Զ׼ǣҲûԿɴ˶ȡʲôܾ룬ֻǰ·͵ˣܰԵġ

ȵƽ³㣬鶯

缰ע⵽ת֮вķλһüͷÿɷЦˡ
˵ʲô缰ܹµĳ

ͬһߵĻϣȻҪҪ븸ĸĻġ
óա罻֡

ѵĴڣһԾġ㡱ԭˮء

ʻġ׷ߡݣֶξʩ۶Ŀ˷ע
ЧΣ֪
ܹǱǿ

缰ƽƵ룬վ޷ѧı졣



һٷڳϵľ˼롣
ߴ߹ʲˡزֿе࡭

˾տޱȵĳգʳĴ

뻹ܼǵشѧʳڣһٺ⡣
񣬻ضڻϡȱĻȡϡ٣Ըݡ˻ֲȡʳҲ㹻˵ٷ⡣

֥ͷᶼ޲ڣζǳ

ѱһ䣬ѵõһ£þ׶Խ˵Լġ˽зסϵ֮лĻһ

ţװûѿеССֻרעŸв˼⡣

е㽫ѵ˼




87.   87    ĩʮ죺ݡ

ƽġ
ĩ, ײµĺУһ㲻ٶ˺ССѡʱڣĺȻȴĩϿᣬڹٷı֮, ĩǰ, Ȼƽ͵ӡ

ѧϰ
աĹػ
ԸĿǰЧʡ̶Ƚϸߵĳʱ, ʡģѧϰ, ˣҳ˵صķ

ǻĿǰɹĳз



ӸԪüеõϢ, Լ˽ġĩġԭľһԱȣܿȷϣµĩٺġƽڡ

޷֪δ, һжδ֪
ȴ֪ᷢ¡

ʮʱ⡱ŽʡеġʱءתͣΪʽءں߳ͨĽͨУȽĿƼзҩ£ʳűֲռݵĸٹ·ȣһµͨʡлһ

ǽΪʽء, ǸǻȺ㣬ƬĻü԰

ʮ곤ã㹻ձҵĴѧ̤ʮ, Ϊҵ

缰ѡ塭

иѧ, ԶصĸУʦǵȵȡ

ĩǰǹҹٷ쵼е, չȥļƻ缰ֳδѭŸĸĵ·Ӿת缰Ÿ˰, ҽѧרҵǱжΪһ˵ҽ
ĩԺܾѣֵδ滮·֮ǰƻĳ˷ֲ档

ھ˶УΪҷѪ缰ŹֳɫġľϵܡΪʮе𻪹Ҫߣǿ֮ߣľϵ̾Ϣɴˣ缰ĻȨδʮΪ˻¸ضǿߡ

ʳĩĻ

ͬʱﻹתΪԴĹʽ׵ũҴΪȼʹá

ҲǡֵڡƾľϵܵȻƣΪĩԭ

ĩǿֵıҪ
ȶʳԴ㹻ҽԴȵȣıرƷ

ſΣ˽ϢʵԱȣڶ̶̵ʱڣȷĿǰġ

Ԫüŵ춯ûʶһ̵ı¶񡱡Ȼͬ䵭ǣҲʹ˴ɿ˲䡣һֻܿǣ΢Ц

곤ߵĶҪЦŪ
ָһմӻ̯ıϣСһ鷳ҴµʵϰԱ쵼£ǳ鲻ǡ

ڻزҵĹλѱȡ
ϼ쵼ȻҲ֪λšܡŮｻ̸֮ʣɫ滺˵
ЧǼ˵ӵλߣɱʡԶԶʡС

ֻҪǷ׿˵Ҫְɣϼǲ׷뿪λ
Ԫü䡢ԵʣѸǿȵĲ

صѡһЩڲзḻȺϸɸѡնλԱ㽫ɣȡԪüĹ

ͷá

Ԫüգ˵ˡ뿪˲ҡ

뽫豸رգ˸Ԫüеġʵϰ

һһŮࡣ

Ϊ˽Էϣ֪ǰλǼеְ̨ûõıԱְû±ӭĩҪ˵ڲרҵϣȻҪǿԪü˵λʵϰʱֻרҵϣ㲻ǲ

볯Ǻ΢ЦʾǿֱҸλ£Ƿ롪

ŮʶЦˣã֪㣬ȡ
ĻӦѺöͣҲ÷ϵЦ

˸λ¡
ֻʣһʵϰ˷һۣձƵشкͬλ¡

ŸָĦ¡
ʵϰĳ֡ѺáҲǿңֻǱȵᣬһ͸ֽУ˲ôá

ϡ룺ͷһ˲̫ϲ

ʶԼܴǿҵġܶԡҪ˵ûʶΧ˶ġơԴӰ죬Ǿ̫α
ΪʶԼġܡʽʱ̫ҲȷԼ֮ǰǷòλĹݣǱĬûԱǶĵһӡжʶơ

Ψһȷǣû棬˴˼ûͻĻԱʱǶĽ̸ֹƶġ

Ǵʱ˿̣һμȡ

ͷ˼ͳֻ¿һʵϰϡ

һŻȻ

ʵϰǴǰԪüܾһεĲԱĩһǼѵõģѰȻһⶼúôŵ˶
רҵǳͻʱԲΣűʱͬʹ̫࣬ûܴĩͻϮı滺
λڹ֮ʱ֮ʣ͸¶˶͸ġҡһȡ

Ҳڷ֮ʦ˲ңԪüʦȷڲϵְλ

ʲݵһʱ䣬ѾȥԼ300졣

Ǹʵϰӵһ̣˼سһǳǳЦ

˶ۡԾԾԣ߼ȷϿԣȻ󣬷ڣʼԼġʵϰ

סеȤȻ

ֱʵϰĹеһ룬;˿ˮٿʵϰʱȷԼϿֻԥЦеأؼ

ϣصʱͿѵõǰддʱ𸴣ʦʵϰ

ô˳𣿡ʵ

һСĳĬ
ƵŤͷûشķ룬ϵǣһ̵Ƴ˼򶨡Ƕ

һ

룿

ǰ۵գе㵣ĵذͷϵ۾ܶеȣƬһ˫γŵǡ

ıǼһڡ

еЦŨϸѩ׵ָ𾵼ܣһߣһ£һе㲻ϲҵˡ

循֡
ૣ˲ϲ𣿡

ʵġ봵ĵؾ˶ϲŷ룬ɴ־Ŭ׬ǮңͼΪ˴Ʋѡ

ظһ䣺Ļ˲ϲ𣿡

§סĲŶ̫ϲҵӡΪǰδ棬ìܣȷţλʵϰĵһӡ²̫á

ûϵһССʵ顣

ѩף국죬Цʱаʹη顣

۾ܱһԣҰģڶ̾£ܿ΢Цģ

ҡǡ

κر̧°˺ð죬ӱǼ⵽Ƥٵ꣬ǵλá
е̫ˡ

һֻƣѹŴֱԾݸ

ֻ׾ô𣿡



첻ѣָסģȻСŵһֱˡ
Ậúҡϲ֮ܿ죬ͿŵЦݡθеůѿ˸·

˵ģԿܵǡ

=
ĩٺĵʮ졣
λʵϰѧϰĵ졣

תͷ˿һʵϰղŷ뱻Ԫüߣʱȥķ֪ͨ

ֻˣѯҲ˳µسڣǲ֮ǰ̫ϲ밡

ʵϰһۣûǺشӡ

ȿɫһᣬ˴𰸡

ҿ񡭡Ǿ䡰̬Ⱥת˺ܶࡱ̫ܶϵ
Ȼ˸˵˵ʵһĺܿģǰɣ

֮ǰһûôʺϵѵˡ

ͷһ飬ܻоġµģ͸ϲ˵ķΧ泩

ʵϰŵ˵ͷͬ˵

ȵõӦ²ؼȥ󷽵˵⼸յʵϰܣΪ˵ε

Ż뿪
µĸű߰ͣ½Ų
ڵĽ̸

ȷʵеĲ̫һʵϰĬþã

գգۣЦڴǣ῿ǽߣ룺
ĳ϶ԣǲĵġС




88.   88    ĩʮ죺

Ǽʱ, Ƿ롣

Ůžͷ΢΢Цͫչ͸ŵʵĹ, ıǻʻȸԾȺ

һӽĩһδɾԭʼ汾¼¼

ǰ, нȿʡл, ĿǰĽƵ¼ʽ, ¼浵Ա

ǰæµʢƵġɽ, ԱǰбֲȼյĵַרҵȻĿǰĻסַԾԱס, δԭֽĳС

ɽ𡱵ͻԭܶ࣬ܶʱ򲢷ܿƵģɳˮϵߡϵߣɳǡǿˮǹȿѧʽܣͶԳе𺦡

ֱβӭ, ٸȼڵŻ¹˼ɱ¡
յϼŵ

¼Ƶ, ȫδ, ӻصĵ㿪ʼ, ģǲҵλ๤һĹԱԪü롣

ԪüƵͷͳŻڵĸΧ, ȵؽŻڽȣⲿֵݲ࣬Ϻ㽫ʣµ¼ʱȫ롣

ͷ˵Ůǣ˵ע

ǰ¶ʮߺţеʱĩѹȥʮ졣

ǽ¼ʱĿǰǾס̬ճ

ʦӰŮǰķλΪ򣬴ʼɵؿʼǰĽ̡

ǻصʳãƽʱ°Ͳ͡

ټĲˮɫҵʮ㣬ѾΪѩ״שľʳãۡλȫж˾۲͵Ĵ˾Ͳ͵СȵȣĩǰĹ˾ʳáѧʳû̫࣬˲ʱ⡣

ʳ24Сʱڴְ滻Դʱ°ĻԱǡ

ݲݿȥʳõĲȡ߲ˣۣ˽٣ʱգԭеĶѾȱʵĲʱֲ󶹵ṩ

ڵĿԱѾо춯ʹÿԡٺӺĿԱѾṩݣԭʳõзϺӰ첻󣬾ĿǰѿǼٺӣڻصش⣬ǰ׽ʳõĺʣĿǰǵʳڻûа취ʵĲȡ

¼ʼ͵˸Ԫüڻڵְλ
ͳһǡԱûְλ

ǰ߶صϢ˽̶֮ߣԿλ곤ŮԶԻصĽ踶Ѫ
òɫĩǰȦƯˡȻʱǲ˼·Ϣ¼УֻҪʱ˵

ʦְؼ¼ǰλᲥԱ״ʱĻ档

渵ڼ䣬漰֪ʶ֮㣬զ𾪡

ʳý˵ϣһǻڵҽϵͳ

ʳһҽңֵҽԱ

ͷҽಡڵȴ̫󣬲Я롣Աžͷʾ⣬ܿ죬ͷлȻǻ˸¼豸

ҽڰڷŸ༱ȵ豸ռԼΪʮƽķڣĩǰӦ÷ڸͬҵĻ棬˸п̾ϢҽԴţһЩز޷õܺõҽΡ

룿

һŶöҡεľͷ˿¼ʾΪǲԱ˵ֻ㣩׼һӣûˡҽǵݡ

¼¼ƬĹ𣿡
ǵ˼䣬ͷδս󣬾׼ͷҴҵӹˡҽԱǵӰ

Ա΢΢˵Żڵҽϵͳι̶ֽ̼ӵľͷ纰ҽ

ҽһſӢ˵žͷЦ¡գǽڷָ״ӵĿڴһֱֻʣҽϵͳڲԱݼ򵥽Ŀǰ؃ҽϵͳʽ

缰ҽϵͳ0874ճ﹤

ƽ˵Լҽϵͳڹʱ䣬һԵҽ֮󲹳˵ԱȣܷǰߵĹʱȻںߡ

Ӣҽûн͵˼
òԱͷ׼Լ촽ؽҽϵͳйʱҽԭ򣺡ⲻҽΨһĹһһǻټġ

ͳȻЦһӣ˵ǵģһ档



ҽҵ԰СֳһŵòŮɣΪ֮ңŮ㽵񻷹ΧĺӣžͷԼ԰ճ̣

ϵСҪѧǻڵĽϵͳһֱȽûкʵʦҲ֮ͨǰԴѧϰ⵱ȻҪذųʵĽҳأͬʦ벥ԱŹһʶ˼ʱΪͯ׼ѧϰء

ȻûдǰĶңȷʦźǡѾǻܹõˡ

ȺδҲ·Ƕ˺ܶ࣬ϿʱǹɣڵСѣڿϴſγ̽ȡޱϧĩĽᡣ

ĿǰʹõС߽̲ĩǰһףԱ˼һᣬ¶һеεЦĩǰǼнֱŸȫ޸Ľ̲ġܲɣĿǰûл޸Ľ̲ģֻʱžɽ̲ˡ

ʦ԰ҲʱȻ廰룬ô֪ôࣿ

һ仰ֱʳɾļ汾Ĺеɻ

һСĳĬòĲԱžͷչգҼͦã֮ǰⷽϡݲݵӹһǰУǶǿԱǹĵص㡭

ʱણ㣬ɷӹ¼ͷٵԱǵĹصʱѾҡ

Ϸ͸й͹⣬ǳǳλƣϦĺۼ

ũҵĿʵңӵԼΪƽ׵һƬͬʱ⻹żʮĶȷǵճ߹ʳ

Ҵææһڲϵûע⣬Ҫײʦһ̧ͷͿڳЦ˷롣

٣룬ôˣŲһͣļƣզ£˺ЦһһԵߣʵҸոü¹ϣĺܡ
˵ֻü˻֣Ѹٵ뿪Ƭش

ԱЦţղźǴкũҵĿԱ־ʶܾõˡ

ŲԶһ곤ʾ⣬ĽУȷ˽¼ĵط

ʵٵææµµֲߣ󵽾ͷ֮ǰ£ġӢҽ

ҽȻǻһ·ҽϵͳڵͨ״ʵҵİ״ӻͨã£ؿڿڴ¼ĸֱʲˡƺǸոմطͬµĵʻӰࣿ㰾ס𣿡

ҽ˵ʱתְΪʵԱӢ赭дءšһû̫ۺð״ӵһӣ̧ʱǡñͷ롣

ּˣԱЦŽǰšˡְҵҽƽʱݹڻҽϵͳڼְ⣬һũҵĿڸԱڻ߷֤ʳӦʽ

缰Ľܣͷ˲䣬е㲻˼ѵָ̧Ǽ⡣

Թڽ¼ƹʮʦʦó׽Żڵļųߡǹݼ¼Աδ׷浵

ľϵһƬûѿأһ㣬ħ㣬еԼٶѿڽ

ܴ߷Ĺʵ˶
šһźĴݮݸһԽ˵ŻģĲԱ

˿ǣܿ죬ˮҾũҵĿԲȡȻϷʿЦĿǣһԵŮԱЦŸ棬رϵزغóԣȥ

ЦڻŮüۼ䡣
÷ŽڴĲݮһҧסѸٳԵ汻ϧشڿڴ

ʦľͷʼڿȷλɨ䡣
һһ룬δ󱲿ɷļ¼Ƭ

뿪ũҵĿǰһ̣ͷڹλæµĿԱǣϴڶ̶̷˶ۣǸʾǽԸ

Ӣžͷķ򣬲ԱžͷָһƬ٣

ǿʲôõĺϦʧ͹֮£ŴǣЦ




89.   89    ĩʮ죺

¼Ƶļ¼Ƭ, Ӱ¶ʮʼȫƬɾܼƺķʱ䡣

ṩճʳʳãٵũҵԱĹص㡪

ͷȶһ·ŲԱǰ, ĽǶΧŻ״̬

¶ʮ, ˵, 峺͸, ĲԱ澫µسžͷ΢ЦʦǰʱûܹۿϵĿʵҡ

ӡ춯ֲ, ٵϸűġݿơݿơЩͨ˿ʷк˽ĶƵ֮, Աɿؾ˵ʵҿԱǵճĿùڶ̶̼˽Щѧ֪ʶ

ʮңʦ˵Ŀĵǰʵҷеһ
ᲥԱϵıȻ֮žͷ¶һЦҪȥģǻڵġδ춯ĿʵңǼĿǹǰСĿǰٵġδ춯, ദ˴ṩҪ

ʦŲԱͷֻ˸绰, ڼӺ, ʵҳӭӻؼ¼ƬŶӡ

Ϊ׵һӰͦ, 忡ˡ
ʵұ״ӣű͸֣˿۾˫γ, Ŷӵ͡

壬ĿǰǸĿĸ鳤鳤һְһֱ곤Ա

ھͷǰ˿̸Ŷӽʵң׼¼ƵԱʱʱĬպѺӡʦû¼ʱ̶ʲԱ˽ְ¼һС

ӿʼ
ԱʵĿԱǻ˵ټ

Ǹժ·֣¶忡ÿƺЦţֻӻӣеһֻвèӦŲԱơ

ͷ¼²ԱݸʧЦ˲䣬Ŷ˽УЦйһ룬ջأֻ򶨵سͷãǵһĿĵأǾġ



ʱصļ¼Ƭʼ֮ʱܿλѡеġԱڻڵԵá
̽žŻͲѯǷܽܲɷ֮ʡ
û˾ܾ

ΪҪûʱܲɷãԷҲòԭ򣬲ϿҵҪһпܲɷá

ҲΪʲôԪüʣµļ¼Ƭ¼ʱ佻ԭ

ںܶʱԵáóʣڹṩ洦ʵںܴ󣬳Ч¼ЧʣκοܴڵĲ

¼ƬַȻֻڻѽɵڲ

λٷԱȷȥⲿʲ֮ʲκβĵգһ˺ƺƵǰⲿġȵء

ͬеʦǽͷ׼⣬ⲿʵ¼

ϡıֲҶƬ޸ˮ·ߵĽͷ̣˵̵ҡ
Ⱥ֦ϷļС

ĲԱڳߣһλŮţüۼ׵Ц⡣

лΪеĿĵأøϻһԱ׼ʱɻ棬һƬ

ԱĿǰ̨·ʸеרҵԱ

һ˺࣬ǾӾзɻؼУ˲ֻڽȱҩ

ɻĲŴ򿪡

ʦ׼õ⻷곤ԱһλԱģ
˶ʱûע⵽ԱߵŶӣֱԱֱ̧Աķһ㶣¶ͷժͷԼૣ룿

ӿ߳˾зУͶĳ˿͡
вмͨеĿԱҩﱣҽҩԱ

Աժͷһ˲䣬չⶼеĵüԡ

Ա

Цеشкˣðϻ

ǸӢСԱȻǺҴææվãʦŶڵķ˸кǺãļ¼Ƭ𣿡

ţǵġԱؽ͵Цţ⽻һ˸·ɻĻλ

Աϴ񺽷ԱõװƤпˡɫ㣬ɫƤѥͦΣ͸˶࿴۵Ŀʡ
ܿ죬ʱصĺշСչ滮ݣǰλҵڲԱ³ʵ¼

Ʋרҵ̸ʱ̣ĳһ˲ǸźÿԱȻ˿ھͷ֮⣬ںŮЦĲԱأʶԼڡ䣬Ȼ󣬲ż곤ԱĻ磬˵ԼƽʱĹĩǰĺշж

ǵģҪ۾ؽкҵԱ徵ͷ¶һ貵Цź˵ĻĿ⣬һֱŬϣΪҴɿȫĽͨߡ

곤ԱļͷˬЦǼеģξͷɹʺķԱ

ıֱͦЦʣǰĿ佱Уǫѷȭִһµתƻ⣬ǵΪ˺ˡ

˺һĿǰȱҩҲҪлҽҩṩİ

˵öͷʵؼ¼ժͷ΢ЦŲɷãŻغսͨŵĻ⡣
СʱĽ̸λԱ¼ƬŶһ̻ػء

Ǿͷ׼ų⣬ҹĻٺļУԱ֮Ƭزġ

̸Ҫ³֮ʣʦŲͷɵ˲ԱΧһĻ

ԱڿĲԱ˵
ʡƵĳڵƹ£ŨӢ͸ŵЦ⡣

ԱͷӦԵŮЦֱ̣ԹǵĽ̸

˵ʲô̸ʲôͷδ¼

ʦһͷɨΧ˳һȺӰŶӳľ˾ǡ

ƣ΢Ц²٩٩̸

ƵزȻƬڣֻںڲԱδƵʱΪһĻĵЦ



ڴֻ̫Ҫ̫ûʧֻҪǻţܼŮƲδڸסļβ¹⣬ߣҲʲôչδ֮ǲԱӹһСдʱ鲻ԽһʱƵ档

׾۵֡

Ҫúѧϰϣ԰ôøá

ϣҶ֣Ҹˡ

ĲԱΣˣıСܵ§͵ؿСŮıЦеصҵԸһŶ




90.   90    ĩʮ죺롭

ֻһ̡
ļβ, ıشغһ˫ۣõա

еľ, ĩٵһꡣ

ʲôġա, ֻԷؿʼ桢ĩʱʧȥѼǡ

, ִضȻĬʮΪڲԱ˸١
ȷܹһ, ǡ

ߵıûˣڼǰ򹫲ǰС
ס, ͷϣ΢³һ̾Ϣ

ü峿΢Ӱ£ǳ

ڹ㲥豸Զ峺Ĵ, Ա߶ڸôķ£ĶС

˯ȫʧû˼˯ȥȷϽҪȥĵص㡣

ڴ󲿷˶ݼ, ֻС޷ȱ˵ĸλڹ

ҵλʵϰӹΣһλʵϰ׿ڶԸԪü˵, Լѽ, , ϣܼȷزϵͳ

ѵһ첻Ҫ
룬巢˸Ϣ, ʺ칤Ρ
Ȼ跢ϢҪһ緹

곤ߵ˯̫ãѵ磬ڷϢ󲻾ã֥ظԼһȥʳóԷ

ߵ㣬һȥʳóԷ

һǺһ졣
գĩٵһꡣ

زŮ׽͸ĳĬǰ̻¶Ц⣬

֥ҧһƽֱӵʳڣʲôأ
뿴һ̵ۣؽʳشû˯á

˵ʱ赭дҲû̫ӣԽѵر硣

᣺جΣ˯ã
֪סķȻһȻȻǰȷʵŬԼıϵΪһ˲ٲôڻı飬ڱڣԱǵ¶ȱˬ

˼죬Ҳڻ˴롣

ûлӦ룬裬ͷһڳԷʱüͷãɰ˵šȵԵʣجΣ

Ҳǣ¼ͷָ̧Ŀڵλãૣ̫ˡ

֥뷽ĬĬضһۣ˴˼ĿתĬؽƬ̡

һ졣
ǲתƻ⣬Ҳ˵롰ļ䣬ֻƽ򶨵Ӧһꡣ

ŮȵһڵĶǣͫԲ棬ˣһҪȥ԰֮ң

ţҺְҲԼҪ
֥ЦָĦѩ׵գ谮صҪʲôҪְæģǵϵ

ţ

¶һõЦǲٽĵˡ
סָ֥ʮָۣڵĽǲУĸעĿ뿪ֱӰԶ롣

=
԰
ŮСڰǰüʻճﺩ̬ģЦݴɾ±Сϵ׶Ҳͷ֮ңʦλ

ãͻˣ֮ңƣʾ⺢ǿпʼֽϷԼ˼룬ʦ˵һỰԼԻ𣿡

ԣ֮ͯңųЦݡ

Ѿȴһӵķ룬ǰ˱ʴ󷽵㣬⼸ô

Цأ

һǣ֣С߶߶ǽ졭ţ֪ģܶС鶼̫á
΢еӰ졣

Ŀ԰ڵĺϡ

԰ĺȫĩʧȥ˵ģûкʵļ໤ˣֻܱذŵġ԰

԰Ѿ½½вʧͥһСиĺӣԼˣԸԸ԰

֮ңΪģҸϽ˻࣬Сһ

Ͳôˡ

Գ˵Ĺذ͸飬ŨŨ⡣
ţ̲סЦӦᣬãһҲ㡣

֮ңһֵʱҴ־ͺá

ϸϸؽ԰Ľղ͵㡢ճ̹ڽſڿȺͯǻŻڰֽϹСĳΣʱʱСغ֮ңʦҵƤˡ

֮ңѾóСӵĳϣǰεļнǷ촦ҵƤݸС

Сɵ˵лл

뿿űߣ֮ңЦͬ͸Ȫ֮Уů⡣ܿ죬Ƿַģæ˽֡

֮ң˵ԼһҪȥһҽҡ

ôˣʵΪʲôҪȥҽҾ

һСë֮ңееԱףҪҩڷá

ʱ˿
̵ȥ

ŮӼĸ飬ѧʱ¿εġЯϲʱġ²ϰ塱仯ûдǰġУ԰ȴӰǵ罻ʽֻǸı˸ʽѡ

һȥҽҡҽңλ԰ڵصİ׷Χڡ

ҽҵڲװ޷ǳͯȤǻڹϵġҡ԰ƽվĲҲӶδˡҡҽǸݻҽϵͳİţֵࡣ

źţ֮ңȡҩʱ򣬷ߵš

ڳϣȵڲŽյϢϳִкػ롱̧Ӧ˶Է

˵Ѿÿձؾ£ֵˣ಻Ϥףһ⣬ӦЦ

֮ңҽȡҩʱ鿪ϣΪ߳ʶؿȥȴû뵽缰

ڻھ󲿷ָλĬݼһӣ缰ְũҵءҲϢһգϵǣڸְλϡ

롣˼ԥе㲻֪ҪҪͱ˵Ľ̸

Ҳźһλõȥ
ǣֻʣ

á缰̵شӿ³֣ڷ£Ӣÿϣ

á

һźܺÿ֪㡣
ۡǣ˵ʱϵ侲ƣҲֻжʱŻйס¶

Ļشһᣬ˫ֲ֪ȽϺʣȻע⵽ʲô㣬˶٣̽ţЬˡ

·һأһ
ĴԲ׽˹ؼʡ

ٿסĬգ۽ޣ賿ġξתһȲˮĲ͸

شѧѧ
Ǵѧ֮һ



ۣȻ䣬ͷʣǵһμ棬ǲҲ˵仰

Ӣ괩Ű״ӣؿڳ˱ŵĸֱ⣬һҡŵǻ¡ȴʣ˼ͯȤƤ

仰ʵ΢΢һ󣬴𣺡ǵġ

û׷ȥԼԼϵЬһƯĺᣬýʵ
ȫ󣬲ллѡ

ǳϿҵģֿл

֮ңѾȡҩҽ߳ʶǰԿŮ֮Щ΢Ĳԡû̫࣬ԵֱۣЦ˵ˣ߰ɣ

ȡ𣿡Ů¶ĶЦ貣

ȡˡ

缰һ̣òʾ
缰׽ϼӹ׽͸һӣʶԼѿ롣

ıӰ뿪һ̣į룺ǵĵһμ棬һζԻֻǵһ

ͷû缰˼˱ۣģһ

ڴҽԲ˵𣿽⣬ܶ˶еӦӦģû£Ҫ̫ѹ
Ӧľ㿪һǲȼ

ĩٺĵʮ졣

缰̰ŷӦʱǳᡪܣҲ⣬󷽣ĸˡᡱ

缰ʱĻ档
Уڴһʱѩ׽΢ɢҵЬѣ
Ьˡ

ͣ½Ųӹ๾࣬ЩҪ˳ŵƲƽµ£ʱְס
£ϵЬʱмЦ˵лл
һ˫γۣӯӯ/ˮ㣬ˮ鶯
Цʱţ

һ̵缰ʲôû˵
˷ӵɰͰ͵վԭأֱüͷƵؿһۣ̽ʡѧ󣬲Żع

ƽһηԼܹɬز

缰ںʶʱ׹밮ӡ




91.   91    ĩʮ죺һ

, λ̫æµֻʾһۣæͨҲûƫͷڼ벱, ˫սѵĴ

ع㲥͵Ĵ, Ȼؽ乤, ǿǡ, ȷЩܹưںʵĵط

ϤġöŮڻع㲥

Ƿ롣
, ļһֱӣݸһԵսѣܿ, ˸ƣʾԼ뼸ӡ

ڳרע˵

и㡣ŮɤͶЦ·ǽ͸ǰ㣬ǺΪ˵ʱǻĵ΢Ц֪һ׺зã泩ֱˬЦ˵

Ŀǰܼ豸׼ȷܵ𣿡

ʵеãȻ
øɾֱ˲ͷ, Ĳɵػ֪ġܼ豸ʦǸʱصļȣĿǰ豸һҪǿЩھжҲر˽⡣

Ϊ豸ıԱȽǿ, ͨ˲˽⵽ķ롣
ľ, Լҵĺɫ, ȻسˣⷽϢճ̶ȸһء

ҪѪ𣿡
ţ֮ǰĳ, ûʲô˵ڵ豸Ѿֵķʽߵǿȡ

˼һᣬӦʲôʱпգҴȥһˡ

ڵͨû²ܵ󣬻Ҳǿͨ˶Ϊ豸ṩѪҺܼ豸ӶṩȳȺ壬ƴӣĩٵһ꣬ԼսΪ豸ṩεĳѪԡ

̫ܲոĽȻҲ豸ľ治˽⡣
˵꣬ЦһһŮӽȥ

׳ţУһ˫ʽͨİЬˬɾУ԰µѧվڷߣԼʮסӵһ̣ƯŮʾ⣺ˡ

սҲע⵽Ĵڡ
Цк룬ãôˣ

󷽵ص£æ

սǵＸ䣬ֶԷһᣬֵǰá

ͷá

콫ﰲںλãëֲλȥ

ݽֱϵܼҵˣֵʱ䣬ȷ绹ڣʹشȥĿĵء
һ·ϣġ

ΪʲôͻȻѪԼܣôŽûúϢ

ĻشҲʵȤΪ档
Žû⿴

Ȼؿһۡ
Ůͫչ£ŵɫ˵ĿҺ棬̬ɶͣСէȻ𣬳Ͼʱ⣬ָƴ𣬽һԻͳǱ

ݸʧЦ
عûע⵽Ųһ̣ͫ΢гصѹڼƽش͵ԻκβԾ

ص㡣
Ѫ⡣

רҵԱʾڳѪͿ뿪Сʱ󣬵ӵᷢҪֽļڵĻݺȡͺá

¼ͷ˫ֲ嶵ԷûҪҪһȥ

ЦŴá

ʱʣȷξǼĻָٵе󵽺극֮Ѻõظ

ʱԼҪ£ԥն



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[ԱŮ]
[䣺21]
[ܣʱ]

ָ⻮ֻĻлĵĶһ˴γѪʱġ˵ֱӵ豸ľԣСظӡһ֡ĿǰĿƼֶԾ޷ͨѪҺԷõ֮ӦĽ
ҲζţܶӵܵǣϢĵǼϣɶȷǳ

ٿⱨ棬汾ͬǣ[]һ·˴ǰ޷ǿȡ

Ҳǿȵ豸ʽͬĿǰĿƼܹǿߣȴ޷׼صóǰߡ
[ǿȣ3A+]

Ŀ׼һϵֵһᣬָĦϱߵǿֵ֪缰ѡ嶼Ҫ1A

ֻʵǶ˵ǵǿοɼܱʽءҡ׽͸ʱж
ͨʶΪ㣬Եطɢʶǡ񲨡һﵽʶϣɴ˴߶ǵж

ࡢδĶ롣

ȺУܣ¡
ϲ
ڶͰϵ˷ӿ׾ٵزݣɴ˵õԼҪġ

ֿ˿ǿȵֵȷԼ˽⵽ϢУ缰ѷɫ

ʮͷ䣬Զж۷ʱڡ
ǵĽǿԶֹAˣչڴʱǵǿڽҲضǿǡ

21꣬缰23꣬ѵ21꣬22ꡣ
ĩУǵ۷ʱڣһ⣬ʮ֮ʡ

Ӧĩؽֿڼзչ棬ͬʱˣԱδȺ׳ֽҡ
缰25֮ǰ׿Խɫľϵܣ˴Сıʶڼʱڻȡ˲СĻȨʮʱǱһһӰˣͨҵĺԴҵȳרעηĸΪºպŶӣšδ춯Ⱥ壬з·ϲϳԴ¡

ǳɹҫۣⱾĩȺС˵ԵĽɫ

˱ۣԭǡҵξ缰еĹؼʾ³֮ʱ

ΪԼõġָʡ
ֻߣ㡰ָʡֻҪ죬ĩежһһͻἤΪɴඪм䡣

ΪԼһ٣ȴĩݡ

顱١Ӻ󣬼䷭Ϯڶʱڳʹ鹹ġס

˵Ǹˡ
ĵһ˴ѿڶٰ20꣬Ⱳӣеõ˹ڵһġС˵ԭġˣһעҪĩУԱȵڻ衣
ƵС˵ĳ´ĵΪʾĩĲпᣬƯӣԴö߷п̾Ϣ

ֻǸƯ̫࣬ڻҶѡ

ʵ磬һС˵
شɾС˵ĩĲɲС
ʲô׵ַ˵ʲôƵȤŶΡ

ĵڶǡշƵ硷ʵõ˼Ǵ߽ʵ𺳡ڲʹ֮ʱΪһӶĬЦ룺


һƵĩȺС˵еڻҽɫ򵥵еĿˡ

֪˻ǲҡҲ˭ʵϧӵġڷŵһӵ

صĩС
صĳٵСߵľͶ˳ѧشѧ

ԡΡΪ壬ʱǰԤ֪˲ԾΪĸᡣ
ҲѣӳУܵõҪġ

õԵõ罻Ȧһϲ

ֱĩǰǰӵļ䡣
һ顱ڴѿʹࡱٰʹࡱس޷̳һС
ĩڣˡǸԼġֻŷľ״̬޷֧ĩеĴ

ǣѸ˾

ԡܡΪʶϴԼΪԼ˰ٵļ䣬ΪԼһû̫ǣĩС

ȣҪȷԼܹ˳ػ
ֻл˲ʸ̸һС

ԸνƵĩġⱻдȥġƯӡʲݵض϶һ

ʱǣֹڴˡ

ԣ䣬١

ɹˣ˳ػڡ

߼Ե˼άڡ״̬ѡֻŷʱӰŷ뱾ˣ޶ȱ֤Ĵе䵭˵ǲ飬ΪȡΨͼǴЦĿŮӦеĿ

ƽ룺̫óˡ

ǡóࡱ顱ϲɴӮذǡܡǱʶϲ

ɫشԤĿ꣬ɹĩ

=
Ϣʵӿԡ
Щʹ࣬޷ܵļ䣬µӡ̣㣬ɢ
ЩѲ÷еֻš
ļ䣬ϵӽߵƬԣĽκλӰ졣

ʵĻĸĽڣȷԼ˳׵֮У˴˿̵

һжõİš
ܼⱨ棬Ժƽزһͨ绰

֥ͨˡ

ϰ˵࣬Ůһͨ绰Ȼе㾪ȣôˣ

뵽뷽˵ġԡĸ˼Ȼ֣Ϊ̼ļ˵ǲᣬѾΪµϢ

֥û̵ȵĻش

Ĳϳ䣬屾ܽҪŶŮסľס㡣

Ǹǿ𣿡

Ŷ
ֻһ仰֥˲ӯڿʪػشˣ

Ůû¼Ƶ̻¶ʣƵᡢ֥Ȼڸĸһ֮ͬʱЦе˵ǾҸգһ˰ɡ

Ÿĸܹպã׶ʧϢ浵Ϊ˱ⷢʲô֮Ǿ١

ʮˣȴһʧ˷ִ磬ɳɤ룿㡭

ˡ
´棬׽һ顱ܸ߸ĸ
Щ࣬һ˳ܾͺá
ãʵ

ڶ̶˲䣬ӹ˺ܶͷ󣬳ںУ³Цǵˡ



һκðĳĬ֥ͷһӦԵı

Ҷϵ绰󣬲ŷԼ۽ҲеʪΣֽʪ
ֻ˵һһϢ

ҰУϢ
巢һζƵ

ű˿۾괩Ű״ӣ׾ضžͷ֣ææ¡
ȻͿھͷ£̧Ǽ⣬еЦ˵룬ڿʶһλرĵܴʦ

Ц

עȫҪ˵Ҫϡ

忡ͦεĿԱȥнмͨȴһ̣ͯδСӣģƤ˵Ц

˱ѧһ㡪

̨߲ѧһ𣿸磡츳ڵϰɣ

һģǱħһת˲֮䣬ġγģϷѩ㾧ӨĿıԾסɶ칤ķʽչʾھͷǰ

չʾڷǰ

һֻɫģ̬ýצ۽ڻϻֵĶ

ϲ𣿡ееŵؿžͷȴĻش

ĿˡСϡ
ȻֵЦ


૵




92.   92    ĩٰʮ죺ż

ĩٺĵٰʮ졣

ѽβ, ζڼǰεⲿƵҶ𽥽ɺԼĳԶԶɽͷɼĵҶ

ӻشҽң, Կңң֮, ɵƲ, ȶչ, תۡ

˻ͷսѰæüϵ˿, ̾ϢŷԴڵһ̣³

սһԳʹ߶Сĵ㡭һźˡ
ε¼ͷ, û취˭֪ͻȻ˳һֻ䵥ıꡣ

ĩѾãĸ涼϶ʱɫʡ
춯ֲܡµũƷ֡ȴٲȻͬĹߡ

ִʱײϡ춯Ѿʲôֿµ¡

Ȼ˲ôСģʱⱻ춯Ϯʱ˿̣üϵ˿ھֻδע⵽, ݺݸһצġꡱ

ݡ춯зĿȮѾΪɥҽʳϰҪεӦע塣

缰ʱ, ľӢŸɫ, ֱ۹/¶, ڡ
üͷͬù飬ɿĶһ, ȷûʲô˿

´СһЩ

缰

¶ЦݣҲ֪ͷá
ҽԵȺϾСʱϡ

սѼĵܵˣɲ٣˵ȥݷͽԳԡץӺʲôҲû룬̾Ͱ͵ڿҽֲʱս

⼸칤ô̸ֵ֮ذ

缰ڵһ㹻Ӧһµʳ

һᣬʳԣһξ롣
˼ͥĸ׶ĿȾ˽һԶ뼢ľҪжٵʳ

ũҵǱо֣רҲŬҳʺֳʺϲ嵰ʵԪص
߽СغеĻؿʼԡֳű캣ʣ½еĴ֮ҪЩϾĿǰкܶԽʳ˫Ŀɺ졢̬ªı춯ϻȡ⡣

ĳҪʱ仺塣
ҲĽ죬ܶѾܹʳþ޺޶Ĳֱ춯⡣

ںʱܻصĩǰʳ׼µüڿԱзҩ춯תΪǰģ



ٿ䣬ҽڴһٶŵĺͣ£ȥˡ

ҽ߳һλҽɫҴңûü˴кͽŵشͨ绰缰һ˹ǿĲ֯ˮףλʹ̣󻺽⡣
ڵֹʹҩҽҩ߼ѵʱ̣׼ߡҽкʵİ취Ϊ߼ʹ

ã鷳㰲Ÿ˹ʮҵ𣿡
ҽȻ׼ϵϵߡ

缰ͿĬĬͳֻĻ㿪˸ˮϵܴȺ

ڣϵܶ˴ȺܼϺ󣬹ٷڻع׳ϵȺͬȺڡ
Ⱥϵʽ̶ܴϴ罻ı

ȻڿȺʱȺϢﵯ˸֪ͨ@ȫԱѯʱϵ߾شŸҽҵ˭ܲڳȥҽ֡

ĩǰҪͳֲҽ̣Ȼͬ
Ȼ㹻ıֻǾشŵҽһ·̣޷ڶʱĿġ

ܿ죬Ⱥ˷Ϣظ˵ԼԤƶʮڿԵص㡣

̧üĿʶҽڿȥܿ죬λ˷̵ʹ

૵ˮϵܰﲻæˡ
缰ľϵܣṩʲô󡱷

˶е磬Ϊ˵ʹ飬üͷ塣

ˮϵܴȺڣıϵ߶ҪڶʮӺ
ҽӵԭϵ˵Ļص磬εӦãתͷԲ˽а˵Ҫȴһʱ䣬ܱ󻺽ʹ

ƵŲʹ
תͷԵܵܵ㵱ҽ𣿡

缰ɫüͣĵؿҽڣһ٣Żֳϰˡ

ǽ̸ʱֻ˲ӡ
ЮŲ˵̾ϢʣҽļٵͰֻϢ˵һ
һͦϤͷ۶һ룡Ƿĺա

Ⱥ﷢ԣڵ

һ̵缰׽ɨһۣظ˭Ҳһ¡

壿

˺ţŴͷȷһ£ͷ

ûмĺţ缰УֳڱͷʱѾѸٵʶ˭

ĪһĬ

΢ҴҸһʱ俴ڵȺϵֵüͷ΢΢һȴҲûж˵ʲôѸٵ߽ҽҡ

ҽҪƱԴ˻ⲡʹࡣ

ƷھֲʹŲЧãûãֵûڴĲ˵̾

̫ʱֱȼҽмѣл

ˣ˳ֵ¡

ĿԱϵ·ʵڵİ״ӣǳ˧ҽ󣺡պúŮ⸽䣬Ϣ͹ˡ

ûк缰Ůѡؼʱ¶
εͷգգۣĲɵ룺

ʲôԵĳϣƫƫ롱ĴʱϾĳƶԵĶ֮С
΢ء

߳ҽʱֵۣҲʧòʵ𣿡

ػ˻֣ûʲôʱ̫Сģ˸ӡ

缰û˵

ƽֱ죬ͨ绰˭

Ϊֻһ˲䣬ϵıͱޱᣬ˵𣿡
ãҿˡ

ˣˢˢ߷ȥ
һֽ⣬ĵҧһڣɰǵߴź档
һ̣ûе⣬㵵ֱԳôˣ

ѵû١ֱ˵յغ
ͷ亹

е飬ҶѵĿ⣬ֻȼˡ

߽ůĸͽǱǼ⡣

쵽봩ŵһ̰ɫëڿܽ٣ֳ̧Եʱ¶һϸѩ׵
ָⷺǳǳķۣչӨϸ壬Ϊ̫ƯԺŲۡ

缰ؿһ̣ܿ죬ԾתĿ⡣
εŲ

ܿµĳҧŵ⣬ͷǲǻ˿Ȯ硣

ˡ
ŵرȻ£еŮǰݶľȣСûʲôֻǡ˸ӡ
վڷߣܿһ߳ŵ⣬һüͷֱʵʣ𣿡

ʲôʷ

Ц룬ʾʵȮͷʱڹôΡ
ȻĪг
δ춯⣬һӭһϣȻҲĵ˳

ʱҲеǻ
̸ʱܹ׵صõԷʵķӦ

û˵Լԭͦ۵ġүǵģһ˿ھͽлʵеݶ
ƫƫ仰ʵԵ粨һ٣Ҳûػش𣺡ͦ۵ģ

ˡ

һ仰ɰͺþãګګ̾ڣ̡

Եһڵ⣬֣ҲûľͽӹֽףӽͰ

мף˵ʱҲ棬˾޷ġʹáԺСĵ㣬ϣѵĹػġ

лл
мصͷֻֿʱ䣬Ȼʵ⵰ģζ

ͣиƷ㼯У⸽ҺպϢԵ䡣

һ仰˳³ÿȺϢҾ˳·һˡ

⻰˵ޱϡ
뷽ģ󷽵ط˼̯λóԵļҵϵʽźţ仰еп䣬̧ȴ˵⻰ʱĿǳǳẬЦ˷ϡ

һ飬ůߣ͸Ŷ԰겻ϲȶҡ

ţͫͬ仰üϲӡ

ĴĪסһ̿æĲࡣ

ǲǳԱĵǾһûʲô˲𡪡
˾ٶıһȡϲͼ

һЩżԵĹ۵㣺һĵôָȥܶʱɷ򡢸׵ѡ

ĬĬؿ缰

缰ȻҲȫʶΪΪδѡ齨ͥʱṩӡ֡

ּˣɾУʺѡ˵ľ
ǳļҡʮ㡣

ԱͺĸϵвԼӡ֣Ů¡ɿɡıǩԱȶ顣
Ҳǽ齨ͥʱоĸ

̾Ϣ̵룺缰Ҫ׷룬»øŬһЩ




93.   93    ĩİ죺Ľ䡭

ĩٺĵİ졣
ʱü, Ϸеļ١23㡣
ҲȻؽš

ҽҩƷߡũ︱Ʒߡ

УȿǵŮԶճƷڲּȱѷĳԴȷС

ӤסŮƷĴ汣ڻ, Ȼ, ҲвֳдƷĿΪԣڱ֤Ҵߵʹ, ǽ, ȱĳС

Զ׼ͨ·

ĩǰ۸ȼ, ĩĳ̶ȾȻȲĩǰ
ԭҲ򵥣Ʊ˿ĹȣҪġ˷, ¶ûʲôð취

ĩǰһʱĵӰУĳɫƤɼѪȣɵԴޣֻһˣܱ˿ڹʹԴѷ
һָһˡ

ĳϣĩϴ˴󲿷˿, Ӳ룬ˡܡʱ
Ƽ롰ܡ໥ϣдɼ, ָĹߵСѾΪ˸ʡʱɱԭԴܸ, Ӧũҵľϵ߳ΪҶҪ˲, ԭļ仯֡ˮԴũȫµ̬ʷϡ

ܹڶʱڴ߷Ӧʳ
Ȼũҵѧǲȫʳ, ʶҪʳ⣬뱧ǻʶҪӦĩ֣ӸԴӲľϵֻá



缰ӸĸеõĿǰڵĴԶھУһʱûʵӴˣ΢̾Ϣ֮ôţ

ȥУȱˡټͳڸصĽ裬ǺѺֵ档޷еңһĩǰûڹٷýǰϤӣ곤ߵƣ룬͸Ƶ䣬缰Ĭ

ĩ٣ʧȥѡ
ǰĩһ꣬ͼŸ߿ռ¼µĻ桪УˣӵӵڻȼֽǮ㣬ѡ

ؽ԰һֱȱˡ
뿪λӲһ׵¡
ҲΪʲôĸھйæµһֱûҵžۡ

缰صͷҪչ˺Լ

ҲǡڼУֵҪ֣
ĸ಻߶䣬ܿ죬žйʱ䲻ԣֻѷֵشҴߡ

缰ã֪ʱĸ׷һϢ

˵ڼϲŮ

߶仰ϡ
һʱ侹֪ôظ

缰˶Ǻóڼǰ˵Լһжáˡ
ǼӲڼǰ˵еĲ⡣

ĩٺ󣬸ĸھУ޷һ棬Ĭֻϲǡ

缰˵ϲһ˵¡

ֻǣԸһδȷ֮ʣҲ˵ƻţΪġһ֮ٸ߸ĸϲѶ
ƫƫûܵȵᣬ㿴ѡ



缰ʧ䣬ڴ˿û˿ǣ̾˿أ

[ǵġ]

ĸӦһֱڵĻظ̷ϢѯʣУ𣿻ڻغʶŮ

ûǲǡ׷̬ȺȻ¶ԷŮѵ˼
缰Ҫ˼֪Ӧ˵©ºûٸҶ˵Ҳ̬ȣĸΪˣֻСᣬһֱŰ衣

֣
Ҳ㹻˲еʧ⡣

[ҵŮѡ]

ĸȻˡ
һַ[кܶ׷ҲǸԼѾˡ]
缰ڷԵ׷ߡѡв˶İĽܣܼ϶˵ôУƲͻ

ҴСĽƾ񣬱ҷиӰ졭ںܶʱ򣬸ĸλ缰ҪǺܶ࣬Ҳš
Ȼ׿ԽɫܣڻܡŲСȨһмμĴڡ

һУ޷ΪѡµĿء
ʱ룬ĩǰ뾿ôʶģǵרҵûнĻغϡű׾׷ʱû˵ϵϵʲôǣ

Ȼ󣬾һ죬֪һˡ

һ񡢴ʹĵĴڵʱ缰ΪǲԼ׷̫ףûʲôֵĵطҲδԷģʹͱһ



ĸ׵Ļظһ֣缰ĵؿȥ
Ƭ̣ܰ׻ظ֮˵ɡ

ĸ׵һλУû׷ԷľȣֲȰԷаµĻҲǿܼ֮ҵŮ

缰ظϣЦ룬Ŷʮ࣬ͼĸ׵ĳ

ֳϣҲ뵢Ůԡ£֮ףǼоƵӡ

ţ缰ֱ㿪˷롢Ȧ
ǰߵȦͣڰǰתʡĳҽҩ˾߻ָĹٷ֪ͨϲѶ
ͨѶ¼Ųˣݲһɨܿת·ӹʦޣۡ

ÿһȦ޵ܶࡣ

Լ˽ʱŵʹá

ĩǰתԺСֹںŵϢũѧԺŻµȵȡ

ȦͲͬ

缰ÿһε㿪ҪблУļɬƫƫ᲻òѵõģͨȦĻᡣ

ǷʾȨݡ

ڹڵ罻д󳧳Աȶά巢ȦƵʾʹ֮ǰһһΣΪһһΣһΡ

һƬû֡

ֻֽ⣬ڷϣΧʮ㣬˾ʮͼǺع㡪ҲƼ³ʦʳζĺܻԡ

һȺδ춯Ůû¶žͷЦűסСԵĲӣɶ⣬͸Ϣӵ̺ë򵥴ڵţп㣬һѩ׼

ڷһӣһܿɰķ
ûҲԴӱӰǶôƯ

缰ĬĬشͼź͵ʦ͵Ƭһ顣

һƬһֻѩϸ壬֡
ͫһãȻգգۣȻ󣬷ŴƬ㱵ؾþӡ

ָϣһöɵĽָ
һȷλָָҵͷȦµۡ

ǵͨѶ¼вغϣһλУѡһڽʳùĩĳġ
Ȼλֻһ䣺ŮָָǸ˼ɣ

ֵָָ
ǡ˼

庬ػ˸һš
ǾĻظе̫䵭ּһɫ»ظţǵ^^
΢Цţʰ쵵رжôá

缰




94.   94    ĩİ죺Զʵ

Ѵӷɻ߳, ժñʱ̣һͳ
ĬĬֺ˰˧ٻ˵곤Աǰ

òӶֲֽϸز˲, Լն޵ܼ, ֡

곤ͬժñ, û̫˼ͷ, ͷƳȻЦ

һ仰˳³˧ú, ¼Ƭеһƴ

ʱļ¼Ƭǰʽȫִлǰ

ǾճƷ档

ȫԼСʱУԸķΪҪǶ, ӻصʳÿʼҽϵͳ԰ٵĿԱص㣬Ǽл

Ƶβռ൱ƪǰܲɷԱУɫŮŮһʦݻظ쵼ָƬ˵ǡ
ճƬǶԸ³࿡ΡƯǣһư, ȫǼӵжˡ

ֻ߿˵ǼʱصĴˡ

ԱƬβ󿰳ǵ͵ĺմҵԱ, ĩǰ, ĳֱӸҵ֡
곤Ա˵, Ҳе㲻˼˰֡

⻰ӹ, ܿ죬·ɻŸάɻĻԱ˵ڷв΢С䶯Աڶʱȷһֳ⡣
ڻмСʱҹĻ٣ʱڵļ͸䣬ѹ˼ף̵ظ跢Ϣ˵ԼԼһܵء

ŸתӴǻػصĴͻûѿŻȶĻźţʼˢȦ
Ҫ㿪ģǷͷ

һزȦ
ĩٺشѧʦתƵʱغ󣬲ż롣
ʲô绰롢罻롭

Ҳˣ˽ʶ֮ǰķôԸ

Уڵ֪ȽϸߣպѴ̽ϢҲ֪˲ٹǰľ¡
һǳȷϤ㣬Ҳպܵˡ

Ĳ˽йصȦ

Ǽ͵ģʱ丶ʵеˣмܿ˽
˵Ч罻ķʽֻʵС

ˢȦȷһ֮ǰҽҩߵϲѶ󣬱˳Ȧ

ʵʵذʱˢȦˡ
ûѿ巢һƬ

ҲûգҲû룬ֱӱ˵ڶšֱıͼͼ

ڵͼûʲôֻԼ˽⵽鱦֪ʶһ꣬ӡͷϵĸ۸񲻷ơ

ĩٺ鱦ƽרǵһʱ䱻Ķ
Ŀǰȫ£Ҳֻмһƽ鱦˾ָҪӪصھУͨԤȷʽɺ·أɶ
Ƿǳ鷳ҪȴõһƷ̡ͨ

Ϊ·ʱʱУĶʹȻҪȺܾò͵С

ָ˶١
ǻҼֵصĻв죬ҪԸ˻ֶһƷҪͨһϵĹʽЧ㣬ȷϵͳ
뾩еĻֶһټĵȺʱ䡣

Ѳ塰ΪʲôֻۣΪϡ룬ͷȷʵи˼

ŵ룬Ļһı廹Ҫɫ㡣



͵̻ػء

곤ԱԵϣֻ֪ʲôתͷһ䣺ûдҶ󣿡

ѻ巢ȦУ򡰹Уԣ΢΢һ㶣ʶػһ䣺ʲô

и˵ŵÿڼ¼ƬķԣһˡԱļͷһ񵽱ĿǼǹﳤúƯҲ㣬ҪԸĻ

ѺѸٵؾܾ
һֱԸ飬ЦݲõƯˣ˵ϲ˸ܵʡ˿ܾ̾ʱǿͿȴ͸˵Сִ֡Сִš

ˣ׷ˡ

Ա

ǲ˼ر̹󷽵ʼͷ΢Ц׷Ů̫ˣһû׷֡

ԱϹŵ꣬һϲĳ˶γĶĿ⣬ڳĵ£˶һ̵С

λԱɵʱ䲻㳤˲˽Է׷

һ˵һʱ䷴ӦĻֱ׷˰

ֻʼ磬û취̫ˡ
յҹ½ͣ˿˰ȳִܿŶ°Ѵϡ
ͳڻͷε¶ȣԱȴ˵⻰ѣȫ¶һů

£ûоϸĸŮĶֻǾšŮ㡱Ļ룬̽ʣ׷Ů᲻ѹܴ󣿡

Ѷס˼һᣬᶨš

ұøá

ΪܹΪɫиŬ

=
˵ҵģԴ¸ͬ
еڼĸϣҪŮɿůʱȷδҵеӵа׼һͥ˼ȷ滮ҵ

ҵĺͺմߣֲڴˡ

ǳ˽⵽Ҫһ𣬲Ҫϲ⵱ȻҪ
鲻Ψһģ˵۵᲻ʧʱʧȥоԼܿʲôס
һθУջֹǰʹ㡣
Ҫά֣ҪԶҪࡰֵñı֡

Ҳڣա˲Ƹҵ޵ȡ

жԱȣǼǸ޸ĸһˣеɼΣôãܱϲû̫ɫ֮
ࣿҲǺҪһ㡣ϧ缰ѳҲںܶУֵɫм¼Ƭϴҹٷվ󣬿ɼ˵ĵĻԣĹʤÿ˶Լϲá

һڶλãںܶУ

һһĿЩۣѶ͹ԣĳЩаĽͼ棬Ա㽫Ľ

ôƯϣվʱ˿佱áɾ¡ǡǺе㲻
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