صС˵www.27txt.La ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

ʹзֺұ
ߣ
İǰΰ׸ʮ򹷣һС
ΰȻȻȻ֡
ΪΰƢûе档
ΰ׻ؼʰɫڣţԺôҶûá
ģҲġΰ䣬һһ߷źݻ˭ȵͷ˭ǹ
Ϊΰ׹˼ͻ̲ס
ʱһȥΰײûлͷ˺üš
ǰӺ󣬺жѿ˵ӰҪΰ׺µӰвܾͷ
סˣҵΰ׽Ų֡
ΰѲöݺ֪֪ںһƤ
˶٣ڣ


001 
ΰļա
Ϊ˸ϲΰͺ͵ݴкҪص۶һˡ
Ϊĸϲһ˺࣬ΰϷױûжͻ𼱻Ǹ
ǻΰ˿
Һû
ĵ㣬ɻ׼ʱڵ۶ʻ
ΰżؼңһ·ɻͼҴȥ򳵵ĵطȫ˲Լڿθ
·ϣΰθǹɲĸоң𽥱ʹ
ʱƣʹӾ磬ΰ̲סһƺߣ
˾͸ӿŲҰ׵һ䣺ƺ̫ҪҪȥҽԺ
ΰװڰ֣ܾ顣
صңΰ׽Ų鸡ȥ
ΰ׵һתôˣ
ΰףǸҪӣҵȻû
ɫãʵθַˣ
ΰ˵θͻȻ鴤˼£۵û취ڣֻõͷӦԷ
״æҳΰ׵θҩָΰװһСࡣ
һС¶ǣΰ׸оˡ
ԹҩΰɳϢ˰Сʱȥ˳
û㣿ѧǴ㣬ý
Ҫ
ԡ
ȸ绰ʰɣһ»زǰæ
ΰҡҡͷãϢȷϹûʲôµġ
ԣ̾˿
ˣ褴ƸǣһԸһԸһ˾Ͳ˵ˡ
ʱΰ뵽ٹþܼθûôˡ
һ˷Žΰײһ۴⡣
ʱǺϼ鲼
̫·ϰʱ͵͵˾ƣϴƵ졣
ᴵգΰ۾˼ƮԶ
ʱ졣
֪Ѿߴˡ
ϧôȥ̬ʼպ䵭
ΰţվüġ
һᱻĴ򶯡
겻Уʮꡣ
ʮ겻УͶʮꡣ
ΰ˴־ս׼
˻磬ΰס˼Ѳ˶ȥ̧ʱ䡣
ߵʮ֡
˵Ӧõˡ
û·ϳʲô°ɣ
ΰױ²һæֻ绰
绰ͨ˿𣺡£
ΰѹĿڵЦʵʲôʱؼѽ


002 θ
һӲˣȫϲԵġ
ˣһѧ
ûȥԿڴΰ׵Ļæ
ΰ׶˶٣ʲôӣǱ߾Ͱѵ绰ˡ
ӦǹмҪ
ΰôοԼ
ⳡ˵Ϸܿˡ
μƬ
ΰ׵㿪һCλˡ
һμһǸպ˵æ
Χ˿ȥ塣
μĨߵЦԼãѲ롣
ΰ׻֮ʣμַ΢Ź
磬˿ңòÿ
ʵԭ׼ļ
ΪҶ࿴ۣ͸ˣ㲻ɣ
⼸΢ţΰ׸оŴӲͣԴҵԴ졣
θǹɾҵĳʹˡ
ӵʱ䣬ΰ׾ʹû䣬Ż˺üΡ
ʹңסˣŻطԴϢ
˭룬ŷŲԵ͸оǰһڡ
һתʲô֪ˡ
*
ΰ硣
ܣɫ컨ǽҽ豸Ʈˮζһ֤ҽԺ
ΰ´ͷĺ塣
˼ӣűƿ
ҽżŻ鵥ߵǰɫصҪ˵Ƚ⣬ǰ׼
ΰüǲҵθˣ
ҽʣûˣ
ΰ룬ˡ
ҽԣ鵥ݸΰףЩģҽԺ죬ǵ֪θʷȸ˸θ
绯ˡ
θڡ
ΰ˫ֲؽӹ鵥ʵһܻã
ҽ̾˿ЧõĻһꡣ
ΰӣЩʣЧأ
ҽϧĸ¡
Ҫǩ֣֪ͨǹء
֪ˡ
Ŀҽ뿪ΰŻ鵥ֿβŽԼʵ
ΰ׷źû鵥룬ȸ˸绰
ʱԶŷ޳ո˯²á
͸Ǣ̸ͼĸҹΪľһҪԼžսĿ
˯žͱֻѣ൱á
üͷ۾ùֻ


003 
ΰ״ĵ绰ûӡ
æһͨΪǿľֽţ˵ľƣʵڲ뽫˷ڶŮ鳤ϡ
۾׼˯ʱֻˡ
һΰס
ΰôһ֣û˯⣬绰ͷʵʲô£
˺صĲ°ܲҽԺһˣΰһӱˣһ仰ʡ
ˣҺæûʱЩҼҵİϷ
û֣ˡ
ȫΰ׵˵ǡ
ƽʱˣôһӾز
ΰ׿϶ΪûؼңҲû׼Ѱ˸
ҵ绰ΰſתһǮ
ȥϲĶˡ
Ե㣬Ҳϲˡ
ΰ׿Ϣ׹ߣ÷·µѪҺס
˵ˣȻΪ֣
ΰͷһ۵ĸо
ľȻãΰ׷ͨѶ¼ĸӨ˸绰
ӨûӣΰֳԴμġ
ȻμҲûӡ
֮£ΰֻ߶Źæѧ
ѧ֣绰򶼴ͨ
绰μǿ϶ͽӵ绰˰ɡ
ΰڴϣãֻͼ˷ϢǽҽԺһˡ
ϧͷҲû
ٴαƿ
ΰѭȥμӰ
ΰˣƫƫ֮ʣֻμˡ
뵽ûϢΰײ԰׵ɫѿ˼֡
μߵߣڴͷСϣϴŲʱ˵Ц磬˵ˣθڡ
ΰܣҲμ
ˣμҲգԹԵ˵ιأһҪ¡
ǰұףҴӦˡ
ΰסǲţܣ
ǰǵհ
ΰ㱣μЦӷڶԷǰʵǲǺ񣿡
ȷʵ˳۾вطơ
ΰ̧۾ʵʲô
μսΰ׶ߣͬħһ㣺֪Ϊʲôı𣿡
ΪҾܾ˶ѡ㡣
ҳôϲ
ȻܾһͰ¹ⳤüƵ


004 
ЩһΰľӪĻ
ʵûһ֮ǰʹӱ˿˵˵¡
ܱΰ׾͸Լ
μѾǹȥʽˣߵ
μ˺㴰ֽΰҪ˶ˡ
һΰ׵ʵμûжԲ㣬ΪʲôҪң
Ϊû㣬Ҿμ˳Сү
ƫƫҪ
Ĵʱ޿̲ңҵжΣ
μԽ˵ԽҲЩ
ΰû뵽ƽʱμľȻ˶񶾡
ҧҧסӿΰʳ˼⣬ȻϲΪʲôһ𣿡
μ΢΢һЦȻΪ֪Ĵںܶࡣ
˶㣬㰮Ҳ㡣
ʼգǶվߡ
ΰԣ
Ǵ죬ȴо¶һٽ̲ס
ΰѿɫμ磬㶼θˣͱˡ
˶ԴҶá
ģһú磬ϵġ
˵Щμ뿪ȫܺٵΰס
μĴ̫þ޷ƽ
ΰԽԽǸЦ
һͱĸߣȴС
ĸϲ̨棬Ͷӡ
Ϊݣΰױ˳飬衣
ʱ̣ˡ
һ졣
ΰ·ϣＸƤͻȻðɡ
ưôܿͽΰܳ
ʱһͣΰǰ
򿪣ߵ˵˰ɡ
ΰ˳ɡȥһ۾ͼס˶Է
Դ˿˳İ
룬һƬȫι˹
ΰҽ˵ؼһˡ
ҽɫ糣ʹӦˡ
ΰ׻ؼ֮󣬽Լ˽Ʒȫãֳעʱǰߡ
ʮһ࣬Ѿûˡ
ҹɫŨΰѵЬӣһԾ¡
顪
ˮ
Ľˮסΰף˼
ʱƣΰ׸оβԽԽ٣ʶʼƮԶ
ⱲΪΰ׷ңҵѣΧŶԷת
ΰϣԼһΡ
ЩԼˣͱˡ

ΰף³ϷٹһСʱҪˣϽ׼׼
ΰ۾һ㱡


005 Ƿְ
Լ񣬳˸ۣûΰף
ΰգգ۾ǰİ˵֪ˣȳȥ
ˣΰ׻عԼĻ
Ͼɵɳ輸ϴɫĳۣΰһγļ䡣
ʮ꣬ΰ׽һľ顣
ǰΰײȹ/ҩŮྲ
ڣྲʮչˡ
ûãʹྲţҡ
#ྲ #΢Ѱף
ΰᣬڶ˳飬ྲ
һͻˣɫԱ䡣
ΰ׵źԾþò
¶ȥܾˣĳôأ
ΰ׳˼֮ʣСĴ˲豭
ڵһʱ㿪мβˮϡ
˻ΰױ̵÷
ԡ
ԡ
û֪ġ
̼䣬һ󵨵Ĳ²ӿΰͷ
Ϊ֤²Ƿ׼ȷΰ׼æͳֻ鿴
ˣص˶ʮ꣡
ȷԼˣΰֿЦ
侲֮ΰ¶ģҪպĻᣬ
뵽ϾҪϷˣæϵľ籾һ߷һ̨߱ʡ
ڽⳡϷ̨ʲ࣬ΰʮӾȫˡ
ʱ䣬³ϷĻһ
ΰ룬绰˵ֵ¡
ྲŽ΢ѣѾ֪ˡ
۶ܲð칫ڣ߹ڵѹ£Ҵ
ɨһۣһƵĶţԭΰƻˡ
ȥĿһݡ
õģõġ
߹Ӧɴ˳ȥ
Ļ˼ȴܿƵƮԶ
˵ΰûٸ飬Էѵݺͱ˴ţԼĶȾָ˵ĸо
Ȼȫΰ׺ͱϢ
Ϊΰװȥôװˡ
⣬ΰ׺ܿͻ绰͡
ô룬ֻˡ
ΰ״ģһ㶼⡣
绰ʲôû˵뿴ΰ׼н͵ӡ
ⲻ֪ΰ׸͵ġ
Ƿְɡ
˶٣˵ʲô


006 쵶ն
ΰΪźŲãû壬˵һ飺Ƿְɡ
ɫһݣ˼⡣
ΰףҽıףǿ
ȡ֣ҾҪ¿ιϵˡ
Ŷľ棬¶ҵΰﲻû㲨Щͷûȡ֣֣˶ѡ
ԣΰףһλᡪ
ΰ׵ǹʱ˷ûϣֱӿڴ˶Էˡ
Ϸزȥȷǡ
ģȻҾȥҵ٣ȥҡ
ףμ޳ټ
ΰ˵Ͱѵ绰ˣٸڵĻᡣ
ûдӦ˳Ϲȥˡ
úõͻȻˮˣ˭᲻ϰߡ
ȥʰʱӦûˣ϶񶼲
˷֮ΰ׷·жص˶
֮£Եƶˡ
Դΰ׹Ҷϵ绰üͷ˸֡
벻ͨǰЩӻԼȥˣôͻȻ֡
һ꣬ΰ׶ǰ˳
۴ϻǴ£ֻҪ΢ΰ׾ͻԹ
Ǹոѻ˵ΰûиĿڡ
Ǿ䡰ףμ޳
ǣǶμйøв١
ͶԷδйԽ֮٣治ΰڽʲô
*
ΰȥƬϵŴȺˡ
Ժݾ֣͵ʲô°
ΪԱıû𣿣
ΪԶ籩ĵ㣬ΰŲŲλã϶Ⱥ߿ϷŮྲ
ྲҲΰףĶ֡
ȥ㡱ΰʵʲô
Ժжݼ̫ˣԼͶϺΪ
ÿٵˣݸϷôNGһ硣
ྲ˵꣬ͼһˤ籾ŭ˵ȫϢСʱ׼һϷ
⻰һԺɫ˲ѿ
ΰװԹϵʱ򣬲СײԺߡ
Ŀԣΰ׳òͶԺЦЦ
ȻЦԺУȴ˳Ц˼
Ժ϶Ըΰףĵ׸ΰ׼һʣ˽ҶԷˡ


007 
ΰⲿݵһ˼ҵСү
ǰֻԺ֣ٹƼʱѸٳɳԼ竱˺ܶ鱨ȥΪ˻εŮǳǣձ˲ɱ
ǰעСү󲻽ȫʬûУʬ廹ȥιҰ
˵ǸȽݵĽɫΪηḻ
ΰ׶Լݼġ
ʱݿʦ˵үιԵ͡
ΰױҵʦ˵ûôϷΪûԴصظ˼ݡ
ϧһ˼ϣȫҪܾˡ
ʦɸ֣˾ϵ
뵽ΰֳЦ
ྲ״̬ԣ֧첲ײ˵Сװףôɥʧ
ΰ룬ʧˣΪʧѹ
ΪʲôྲϷǳϣʵﲢš
Ϊྲ֪ΰжమѡ
Ǹմŵʱΰ׼˵Ϊ˱ᣬûƽϢȥ֮ǰǾֱ΢˵Ϳˡ
ղΰкྲͦȵġ
ΰײ֪ྲƣ̾˿˵ΪȥԼ
оΰײ˵ѣྲŶԷתһȦĦ°ɻСװףҸо˸Ƶġ
ΰ۾΢΢д˺棺ˣ
ྲ۾йˣ·ҵ˷򡣡
ΰЦЦûٽӻ
Сʱܿȥ
ڳ£ΰ׺ྲ
ⳡϷֻˡ
Ҷܺ棬ΰһྲλӺǰҪNGٴβܹء
ΰײûNGסྲϷ˿·硣
¶Цݣ˭ܿΰ׵⡣
ΰ׳ûȥ٣õĵݴһӣ׼ˡ
ΰ׷ɻص۶
ǰ԰·ϣǰʹĥӣԼԼ˵ڶ졣
ͣڽ԰ߵʱʱչ롣
ΰΪʱڼңŲؽ˴š
߽ΰһŤͷͼɳϣɫؿ
ΰ׾Цݽϡ
˼룬ΰޱ˵һöҪǲģԸ¥
˵ô
ΰò˼ֱ¥ȥ
Ųΰ׳һЦ
ûһš
ǰ߽䣬ΰ׼ʰ͸оһת


008 ʲô
ΰ׻عѾڴϡ
ۿҪϣΰ׼æ
ΰΪСǶÿ춼ʱ佡е㲻
һΰײûǯƣԼ۵
ΰûˣֻܵһ˫ƯĴ۾ǲв
һѹΰֻһֻֿסΰ׵°ͣ⣺ྲϷˣ
ʲô£ΰ⸱߸ϵӣֱ˻ȥ
ΰףѹŲӿŭ
¾˵ΰ׷˸ۣҶûëúô
ûнӻôһԲضΰףȼŭ
ΰ׼״ʱһһĿС
ЩΪμûģֱҪ̫ġ
ΰ׳ʤ׷ôμ岻Ҹ֪
ΰ׳ɹˣ˶ʮ꣬ûôǻȼա
Щ˵ĻɴͷȥסΰŭС졣
ͼΰƫͷ㿪ˡ
գŭͬʱֲţʲô
ΰЦ׹μңӶģ
˵֮ΰ׹˸ŻµĶԼչֳ
ûз£壬ʲôû˵
ĳĬΰĬϵ˼
һǸ棬ΰˡ
׽ΰɫ·𱩷ǰգܲ
ΰ״δģЩĻš
ⲢܶҡҪֵġ
ػһɲٰԼûδǹϵС
˵ö⣬ٲǰÿûججԡ
뵽ΰ׻ҵĽ
ʱòһ˿¶ȵ𣺡ȷҪ֣
ΰĿᶨصȷ
⻰ջ֣һԡ
ΰ׻ָɺѸٷ´ʼ𼱻ǵʰ
Ϊκιϸΰ⽫͸Ʒ
͵Ĳ࣬ΰסʱҲûʲô˽ƷԺܿʰˡ
ΰ׹䣬׼뿪ʱԱ߳䵱ͻȻڣΰס


009 ˭ȵͷ˭ǹ
ΰͣ½Ųתֱ۾
ĿԣɫڣţԺôҶûá
ѹʮĿ⣬ΰηӭȥ˭ȵͷ˭ǹ
⻰ΰ䰺ͦص߳䡣
ǵԶȥıӰµûš
ΰߵһ¥˲˳
Ÿ䣬ɻʵϾҪԷˣмҪȥ𣿡
ΰͳŽһϷһ߻صллչˡ
㶣ãȻö˶˵˵ʲô
ΰЦЦҺˡ
⣬Ժ󶼲⣬ౣء
عɨһ¥ݣֻյģû׷
ۿΰ׻ЬӣϾҪˣûг֣ż߹ȥȰǼ£ǧҪ°
ΰײЩæڴϵѾ˺ܾˡ
˵֮ΰƹһ˿˳ȥ
˾ؼҰɡ
ΰװڰ֣ãҽ˳
ʱվ̨ϣΰһߣɫް
ǵӰʧ߷ΧŻ˷䡣
ơ
ˡ
¥Ƴֹѯʣ£
ͷһϧʵôˣ
̧۾۵׵⼸Ҫⲻùܵ¡
ԭΰ˵û̬òͷ
*
ΰ׵ûãӵ˵ݴĵ绰
СΣǰʦָңǱиɫһֱûҵʵԱ
ݹϷ֮Ҿ涼ͦҪ󣬾ͰƼ
ڵ۶ȥһϷ
ǰΰԼûо͹˾һ粻֪ҪȥĽӡ
ǡ˯˵ͷΰȻûоܾĵã鷳Ѿ籾͵ַ䡣
ݣո˺˵ʦԪҡӦ˵ҪܸߣҪú׼
ԪңΰΪȣһӰθ˼ȡ
Ǹûһ粻ýԪң
ЦǺӦԡ
ΰ׾ˡ
һЩǱ߻ҪæͰѵ绰ˡ
ãΰȻоԼΡ
ֱֻٴ𣬲Űµʱ
ΰùֻһμӳ


010 ɾһ
ΰ׶Ļ˼һӱǰ
֮ʣμȰȥĶΰֱӹҶϵ绰
ţΰֽμϵʽҳɾһ
潫߳磬ΰ˵㣬ʼʰ
׷ѧҵʱǰġ
ǰЩ궼סǱߣûס
Ծа̶ڹɨҪסǵʰ
һߣμͨΰ׵ĵ绰ܾҪƿˡ
ѹͷĲμͨѶ¼һ˽̽Ϣ
ΰʲô
ʱΰΪԾ׼
Թһͷ鷿ʼľ籾
ΰҪԾĽɫǸΪ˸òаŮװݷ¥ʮĻӡ
ڳɫòʮͳΪ¥ĻûռϢ
磬ӱһͷȨס·󽫾ȡ
󽫾Цžܾˡ
Ǵ󽫾¥ĳ͡
ö֮ӵˣʼʹ󽫾ȥƽ
ϧ첻Ըعˡ
ھɲĻ£ӺòӳΧˡ
˿ʱȴǰ·󽫾űסˡ
ʵڳ͢ԱƵƵɱ󽫾Ͷˡ
νӢ۾Ǵ󽫾һֲµľ֡
ӵ֪ҧڿеĶҩԾˡ

дСΰĨ۽ǵʪ󣬳̾˿
գΰ𴲣ȥҽԺ졣
ΰθļ顣
һϵмһȥˡ
뿪ҽԺΰȥ緹ȻǰԾ㡣
ȥԪҵݵĹңΰ׷ֵȴԾ˶ˣֽš
ΰ׺ܿͰ̬ãȥҹԱ˺ƣȴԾ
Լ˰СʱԱ߳35ΰ𣿡
ΰӦڡ
߽Ծķ䣬ΰȸ˾˸Ȼʼ򵥵ҽܡ
˵꣬Ԫҷ˷籾˵һʮڽǰԾǶΡ
ΰ⻰пԼ治
дСʱصһξɫı仯ֱǵӦ֡
ΰ˲״̬
ԪҺͱ綼ˡ
ϷٶȣЩԱδ
žƽԪԽԽľֱİˣ
ΰ㶣ŵڸҿЦɣ


011 ɫ
ԪЦװʵˣڻң
ΰ׼æ⣺ûûûҾǾò̫ʵϾһαϵڱС
һߣμ˽̽ǵ֪ΰԾԪҵľ磬ʱΣС
ΰݼɫʺܴ
ΰ״ԪҵĽƣһҲǲܡ
ʱΰ׹âɣҪѹȥ
УýһжɱҡС
μ룬Կ¥ǰá
ǰ̨μܶΣöԷھӭȥ֮ǰˣܽĻҪܾãûʲô£Ը
μ΢΢һЦû£ʱܶࡣ
˶¥μᳵ·ܲð칫ҡ
СʱڴеĽŲԶ
μƫͷǡײϡ
Ŀԣμ˸磬ڻ~
±˵ˮſʵʲôôż
μ˫ǰ״磬˵Ԫҵݵ¾иɫûҵʵԱܲܰѽ
ԡΪʲô¡
μڴĿ£ᰣϵԪҹҡ
Ŀ̣μķˡ
ʱԪҹǱը˹
ǰǸպΰ˵ˣǩͬ
⻹ûãͶǱͻȻ˸˽ָҪǸɫ
Ԫû취ֻԴ绰ΰ׵Ǹ
СΣܱǸ֪ͨ㣬ĳЩɿأεĺȡˡ
Ϊϵڳﱸ¾ѡ
ǿԾƬΣݼ߶Ͽɣ˺üӸҡ
ȻҰЩ籾㣬㿴ûкʵġ
ΰץֻȻʧ
ԪϧţѵСΣǲǵŵˣ
ŵˣΰײɵӣܿͷӦô£ңͶָԱ˭
μ󡣡
֪ôˣлл
ΰ׹ҵ绰һŭ˳⳵
ʮӺ󣬳ͣǰ
Ϊΰ״ûһȥͱǰ̨סʵλ˭
ΰ˿ǿסص
ǰ̨ԤԼ𣿡
ûС
ܱǸҲȥ
ΰ׵㿪ͨѶ¼˸绰


012 ΰףǲǷˣ
绰ͨΰڴȥ
⻰õʱת硣
Ȼһʱ䣬ΰ׾̲סˡ
治֪Էѻ˵ôʲô˼
˳Ļһ䣺
ǰ̨յϢΰ׷Žȥϻ˼ֹ
ΰ׵һ⣬νز졣
ټúܴΰױе·գָʾƶ·
ԭͺܲø⡣
ҵܲð칫ңΰ׵İԼڵ״̬ȥ仰û˵̲סһ١
ڽȥ֮ǰ˼
ŭƽϢЩű߽ȥ
;УΰײͣԼ
Ҫ˵ġ
侲
ǵʱ򣬺òѹȥŭ֡ᡱһð˳
ΰҧгʵܲãİ¹ҵĽɫгɾ͸𣿡
һ£ʲôĽɫ
ΰЦˣװɵ˼𣿡
ѻ˵üͷ壬պתûˡ
С
Сʱǰȥ˵Ծ
ҵݼǳ⣬ҵҡ
ǰŴӹ뿪žյҵĵǸ绰˵ǡ˼Ļӽɫμ󣬲ҺǷŵˡ
˵⼸仰ŭѾܵΰͷϷ
Ҫʱס͹ȥһȭ
˽ǰĪ꣬üͷ˵˵ǸɫֻжţҺǳҪ¾һŸ㣬𣿡ǳķСӪȦӰӹ˾Դţë
ΰҧгݣһллǰɣ
뿪ڣһȭͷϡ
˼룬˼ΰףǲǷˣ
ΰ׾ס죬Է˸ҶԳƵȭӡŵҷҲǱԹбƷģ
Ϊ½ɫд˼СʱС
ͷΪɫŬȴȲμƮƮļ仰
ΰԽԽĺŭ·籩ϯͷ
ŭʹ£ΰһȭͷ
м״һѿסΰϸ󣬽Էĸ첲ڱ
ΰѲǯƣֻ˼Ľż⡣
ʹΰ׾סԷ죬˳Ŵ

˺ѵ
֮Ļо
Բۣ


013 
˵תͷȥ
˵ע£ǳͷڨЦ˼Ǽ
ǳιȡ
û뵽һײ˾Ļ档
ءǳٵǸǻδæȥ
߳칫ҼԶǳҲ಻סԵ飬ײ鷢Ⱥ
ǳ١֪֪Ҹȥ칫ҿʲô
ǳ١Ȼΰ칫play
ǳ١컯֮Ŷأ
⼸Ϣ˶ը˳
μ
ҷңǳְϸڲһ¡
˺ˣսһͷǳ֮ġ
μˡ
ǰʱ£ΰճܡ
ûã˸龹Ȼͻͽõôˣ̲סڰ칫ҡ
μԽԽģҪΰ¡
ʵϣΰѾˡ
˵ûҪҲûӮ顣
ΰĺۣ̾˿תߡ
̧ȣ첲ͱ˴Ӻס
ΰײɫſ
ûſΰ׺޷֮һ˫۳ڰ칫ıϣԼ˵ȭǸûоߣ
ΰƤٲҷſһ㡣
ûнӻֻζؿΰס
ƺ˵ڶˣôִң
ΰױƵˣһ̧֮·ȥ
ͬΪˣΰȻ֪ʲôλ
Ӧ죬Ǳΰߵˡ

ƺߣ۵öͷð
ãŴӡۡĸол٣
ΰˣǶԷ֮زز
ΰ׻صңŸԼټ򵥵΢ʾͻȻˡ
һԭСѧھͬԼˡ
˵ھͬͦϷԵġ
ھͬǸ۳ˣ۶ѧǻ˵ͨټֲסУһѶ
һ죬۶ͻȻ˴꣬䵥ھֻͬվͣ
ΰ·Ѱɡ
ǳھͬÿμΰ׶С
ΰ׵ıҵݳϣھͬǱΰ׵ݼ׳ΪԷСԵܡ
ϧϱΰһ˼ϣ֮Ҳ

ΰӦԼͳˡ
ԼʮӣͣһװμߴɫĻǰ
ΰ׸Ǯ³һתͼμ߽á


014 ƨ
ΰ׺Ȼˡ
תһ룬ֲͱ壬ʲôģ
ʹ˽ȥ
ʱΰû
μ״̼Է磬ҺֻǴϣ㲻ҪŶ
ΰͣ½Ų̧°ǲмƨ¡
ĩˣΰ׽ߴμŲһ˾ܺҵĹ
ǰҷͣҾ
μδ˸⸱ӣֱס˶֪졣
ΰ׶Դ˺⡣
뵽ھͬڵԷΰ׾ձٺǾ
ʱȻ첲סĸ첲ʵΰףҪ˭Է
ΰջظ첲˸۴ƨ¡
ڣΰһ̶϶¥
ֱȻ벻ס
ΰ׾ô˵ϲͲϲˡ
ǵһ˿ıӰ˳˼
μߵʱԷ˵ʲô
μˡ
*
¥ΰתһȦҵ¡Ǹӡ
ϱӾĳΰ׶ʱһɡӡĸоǼҲᡣ
˻裬ΰװַŰϣ׼Žȥžͱˡ
Ŀԣھͬΰۿ΢죬ϲһûˡ
ھͬ˶٣Сʵѧô
ΰЦЦû¡
ΰ߽棬ھֵͬ㱻۸ˣ
ΰĨ۽ǵˮûС
ҾǺóʱûˣͻȻе㼤
ǰǰż氡
ΰף
ھͬ룬̽ʵǲ˰ɫˣ
ΰЩ⣬ô֪
ھͬµġ
Ǵʽ黹
Ǵʽ顣
ͺðˡ
ΰһã
ʵݣܽͶ⣬ܲܰ㻻ȥ
ھͬ˼ΰ𾪵Ǯ
ھͬһЦʱ֪ˡ
ơ
Աһ˶ŹһŷŲ˵С˽
ⳡ̸ʳǰ˲Ҽֹ
˿ʼʳ
Եһ룬ΰ׷¿ӣЩ˼˵ͬͬȥϴּ䡣
šŬɷھͬͷû̧
ΰȥϴּ䣬ӽ⵽һͱק
һקǸˣ


015 Ҫ
ΰ׻عһ˫ƯĴ۾в
û˵ʱעΰǽϸȥˡ
ƣΰԲβ
ϧµĿӵסȥֻԼԼĻȡ
ìܵģֶˡ̱ð桱ջ
ǿţͿڸ
ΰ׼˼£һֱĳţﲻֹС
˳ߴΰڽ֮ǰȰ
קֻ֮ǵץסɿĿӣȴ»û
ƳɫΰᵽصΣϢŵüæ·ӣڸС̬
ԣƫͷڸǵǵ㲻ڣȫû
ΰסһ𾪣ôôҪ
ΰ׵Ŀߣʲôû˵һΰǰ
ΰ׾£΢΢һƽԷ
žΰ׸оΧϡҪˡ
ڱܣΰһѡ
ûƿ˵첲Էסѹͷϣγɼ߳ܵơ
оΰ׾ʼʩ̧·
ȻѾ߹һεзΰ׸̧Ⱦͱѹȥˡ
Ϊ˷ֹΰ׸飬ϥǿзֿԷȣ˼мλá
һΰ׾û취ߵˡ
һ˵弸һΰˡ
󲿷Ϊġ
ΰ׼ſ˵ʱ򣬽ŲԶ
ûãűˡѡһϡ

λʲôʱϲãƫҪסʱ
ΰײֳֻĬĬѾߵĻ
ŵֱʿˮʱŪ˵˼
ΰײע⣬סԷ˵С졣
Ҫͬǰ㣬ΰ׵Сͷ衣
ΰײϣҧסء
£ֻ˶ΣĿתΪΰСɾµĴ顣
ʱ˱ʱҧ
ܿ죬ΰ׾ͱ׵û
§վվȡ
һʱǡ
һڳһֻ֣ΰ׵·°ȥ
̽Ը˼ΰ׵ȷ϶Էᷴϡ


016 
ʱͻȻͰˮ
ΰ׾˲ѹ͵ҧһ
ŶԷʹ֮ʣųɹذ˴ƿ
ľ壬ΰ󺰡
ΰ̫ˣ
һǾͰŪ
ˣΪİ¹⣬Щ궼ôģ
֮ǰıҾΰ߬ȭͷ
ڵߺΰŲѹֻˣһȭܲã㻹Ҫǿ飬Ѿˣ
ƾղŶ£ȫȥɧţ
Ҳ˻ɧţ
ղܵúܡ
ΰײپȥɴĬ
ƹǰǽΰţ˳ȥ
ûţôڸŰϣΰȥ
ص䣬¾ͱһСҶ۵٩磬ôȥϴּ仹Ǹˣ
ˣ촽Ҳˣ
ѲǱǿˣ
˭ǸӸǿ硣

ûǣֻǾһԣľƱʱʱһڱľơ
Ҷۼ״ߵ¡
ɻĿ£ҶԷĸ첲ʵ磬鲻ð
һ£ϲͱԼ˽¡
ʵڱýֺ˵ƣ
иѣϲܶ˦ˡ
˶ԷüλᣬǶԷҪ֡
˵Ϊʲô
Ҷһڣ֪νԼ
ΰЩΪҶȫŶԷ֡
ļοģֻǺֱŤʱͺˡ
ⲻ֪ΰѲǵǸ򹷡
ΰ׺ھͬٷ꣬ʱѾϾŵࡣ
뵽ھ֮ͬǰ˵ģæһϷΰ׾ͬͬȥҼסɣó㿴籾
ھͬͷæӦð˳̽ηġ
ΰף׷˰ɣҵĸ鶼һ㡣
˱߱˵֪ߵ˻ſڡ
ʱһҲſߡ
ΰ׸ĵӿŲȥ
ΰ˱˵ĳˣкûüǴ򣬾ȥԼĳ
˳͵زţΰߡ


017 ˦
ûãΰ׾;òԾ
Ǻ˶ˡ
;̵Ƶʱΰ׳ź𣬰Դ̽⡣
һɫ˹˹ΰ
˵֣ܾ죬ļ
ںƱ̵һ̣ΰԺһ⡣
ˣ
ĳ
Ŷ˾
Ѿ˵˲ˡ
Ϊʲôţ
˵ûµ򹷣ӦȥμŶ
ΰ벻ף̾˿
ھͬ̾һ߲鿴·һʵѧôˣ
ΰ׿һۺӾ˹˹ڸǣĥĥûʲô
ҧгݵζھͬıǡ
ΰı飬Ҫ˭̻Ƶģŵæ˺ġ
ٴϺƵʱΰһۡ
ڣΰ˵Ǳ˸ˣȻѳ㣬˦
ھͬ˶٣Щʵ֪˭ڸ𣿡
ΰ׷˸޴İۣһˡ
ھͬ꣬ûʡ
̵ھͬԲţٶֵ
״Ҳѳ
һ׷Ҹϣھͬɽںĳͷʹ˵ѧ˸˦
ΰüģˡ
ȻҺ̸̸
һʱҲûϲҡ
Լ˰СʱھͬѳСͣ

ͣȣΰͳԿ׵ݸھͬȥɡ
ΰ׵С壬ھͬЩģȷţһ̫Կˡ
ΰҡҡͷˡ
Ŀھͬ뿪ΰ׿³ĳ
֣ΰ׻˳
ܿ죬ʻǱߵĳű
ΰָܵǹϤѹȸС
ΰ״սپͿżɽ⼸ҲţǲǾñ˦ﲻƽ⣿
ûڣΰֵʵһֱ㣬Ҿʲô
һп޵򹷣
μ
˵߼У
ΰ׵ıʣûһ顣
˼룬ǱתͷµҪ𣿡
һʱ˵ֻҪܹҵ߾ͺá


018 
ΰ׳˳ǣǣȷʵ˵
ĶѾܹԤУΰ׽˵ĻһڣȻǾͱˡ
ڸһؼңҿԵ֮ǰûз
УֻҪһ㣬ܰѶ̡
ΰû˵ܹоΰ׶ڼ޸ƺִ
°ڵҸʱ䷶Χ
ΰ׻˳̨̫ˡ
ȻһΰǸЦ
ΰ׹ǣЦЦôǿһ⼸ίˡ
⻰ɫЩѿΰףںغ飬ʱʲô
̬Ȳãΰüǳ
ΰЦݣɫףȥϹŻһ˼ϡ
۾ˣٹǰ
˵ϣҪ㻹ʲô˼鱨Ķѵࡣ
˵֮ΰƿߡ
Ȼûŵأ˾ͱק˻ȥ
̫󣬵ΰڹԵȫƲסԼ
Դֱӿοϡ
ڿ治ӲģȻȣǵÿĳ
ǿĵӡˡһ¡
״æֹȥ뿴ΰô
ϧûΰף־ͱԷƿ
ߴ˵ܲãͷһ޴ĸо
ΰ׿α˻ֱκĸоʧ۾߰ɡ
촽̶ǧȴ˵
ãűһ䣺ΰףˡ
ΰЦʣȻأ
֪μ壬һҪ򹷣
ҺμûгĹϵ
ΰνЦЦʲôϵ˵ѾҪˡ
ۿ⣬ΰҵ˰ɡûܳķϣҸһҸ档
Ҫ˹ͬӪġ
ֻһڸθվ𡣡
û˻Զվԭص㣬Ҳ⡣
⼸仰·һͽĵ׽ǵҵ÷顣
׻ˣҲֲס̬ץסԷ˵С
ô˵ľͱģ


019 㲻
ΰЩ㱡
֣ôһ˲ΪԷϲԼġ
ΰ׾Ϳѹ
ֿп޵ˣôΪֻҵı顣
϶ǳûƣ߻谵ۡ
ΰס˼Լקſ
ԣûɿΰףѶԷקø
ΰ۵á˻һüͷ˺ܶ࣬ٲſҶ㲻
Ծ棬һ㶼¡

ƾΰǵѲǯƣ˵¡
ΰҲֻйˡ
뵽ΰ׵ĿЩ
ΰע⵽ˣúһ͡
Ȼ
͵ͷ͵ҧס
ΰ״Ҫɫƣҧһ涼û
ܿ죬ͱҧˡ
ѪҺǹɶصζΰס
عΰ̧۾ɨһ
Լʹɫȴûаջȥ˼ΰ۵׵ɻҪˡ
һ򹷣ôİɡ
ΰ벻ףԲˡ
ڵ˵ôĲҪˡ
ʱԽԽΰײ뽫˷ûϣһ˵İ취
ɿأҧ
ΰⳡսˡ
ͷһϲ
׼ڵʱΰͻȻͳֻ
ΪΰҪ˹ȥֻ
ϧΰ׶һ
ûֻΰ׾ȴͨ˵绰
磬ô˸Ҵ绰ʲôҪ𣿡Ϊᣬμ
ȷʵͦҪġΰ̲ס˵⣬ôôȥûʵԷչ
Һ֣Ͻ°ɡ
Ȼ鹷ƤҩƵģңˡ
֪˷ֵϢμϲϼװϧǰʱ䲻úõôͻȻˡ
ΰƲƲ죬ЦЦǰװ
УܲܰŪߡ
קҲţؼҶزˣ
⻰μϵЦһ
μһֱΪġ
û뵽ΰģԸ⣿
μܲʵǱ֤磬𣿡


020 Ϸ
ʱóȻڣƿ϶øҡ
ʲôû˵һԳ䵱ⱳ塣
ΰ׵˻ȫûпڵ˼ڶԷϵĿʱ˼ֲơ
ͨ绰ĳԣΪ˶ˡ
ϣ̨Ϸûˣ
ΰ룬һѡ
ҪܴٳԹеԵҲΪˣʡȥˡ
޷ΰ֣Ѹײڶ֮ס⣬˳ʱ뷽һš
ʹ̲סһƺߡ
һֱӴμĽ
û취ΰ׷֣Ƿΰ׶ʵ
ΪζΰҪˡ
УԲ·
μһʶʹõ磬е㲻ܲܰҩ͹
ΰԣȤζؿ쳣ڴԷķӦ
ΰ׵ע£оԼ˶԰ڱݵĺӣ¶ڡ
μûеõӦΪû壬ظһղŵĻ
μеļУΰ׶ü
˼岻ҩ͹ȥ㻹Ÿ
Ҫȥ˵飬ɱѹ˦ϰ
ʲôû˵ͱһͨеķŨȾ˼ֲͷĲ
μԣֳЦ⡣
֪ΰ򹷣Ȼ
˭룬͸һҺΰе˽Ҫ¾ȥᰡ
ȡμû˵꣬Ǳ߾ֻʣ绰Ҷϵġཡ
μɴ۾Ǵ㵡
ʱΰҲڴ۵Сۡ
˽ֲ£˭ȿھͻƵġ
ֱãתͷȥ
ֻھͬվڳߣ۵ײŵǿʵѧǻû𣿡
ΰæˡ
ʶΰǱ˲סˣھͬʣҪæ𣿡
⻰ΰɨһ۶ԷС壬ֿ˿ڳϡɼļɵе
ھͬЦЦ㲻һҪԼϣҽбˡ
ţھͬЦݣתɫ㲻鱻ʲôоھߡ
Ȼˣ̫ѿˡ


021 
ΰĴͬͬ
ֱ׵Ŀ佱ھͬЩ˼û
еġ뵽ԼܿܰΰЦ۾ʱ£ھͬϵĿͣóԵġ
𣿣Ϊ̫ϲھͬеˡ
ȻġΰЦлص
õҪĴ𰸣ھ̲ͬסƻ
ΰرóԡ
ϧǰֻΧת
ھͬΨһһγԵΰʱ
ΪǸζ̫˾ޣھͬʱ
ھͬԭΪΰϲĳ̶ȣⱲӶԲڶˡ
˭룬ΰ׾Ȼ˦
Ҫλڳھͬһ䣺˦úã
ھͬˬ֮ʣж۾ԷĿһ
ھͬܿͻָ˶Էһ׺ݵ
״ɫʱ·ǰܲա
һսĻ
ʱƣ֮ĻҩζԽԽŨ
ֱһŲھͬתͷȥ˵ҵѱλסˣǸϽߡ
ɫãҵæӦõġ
ҵ˵ͬʱҲûʹɫʾǰŪߣʡðλСڵۡ
յϢΧס
ʱźȻ˴ƿ
ţһŲ˳
ְҵϰߣҵʶ˶Էۡ
ⲻǸҵҲûҰѻ˵̫ҿҲǸˣͱˡ
ûֱߵΰǰʵҪסڼ
Ҫ˵Ŀ£ΰ°ͻصǰ
ûڣΰԹԵѾˣҲøұš
⻰˫ɺΰףû֣ͬ
ΰײʾȥ鷳֪ͨ㣬Ǹ㲻ͬûã
˶٣ָھͬ˵Ϊǲǣ
ΰʶϣڿ֮ǰյھͬʾ
׹ھͬ˼ΰ˳ӦΣ
̽û뵽ΰ׾Ȼˣ
ŭûǣ޷˼ȫ¡
ȭͷھͬȥ
·ͻȻھͬ㣬һġ


022 
ΰ׺ҵͻ״ˡ
ҵعҪȥѯھͬ
˭룬ΰױһ
ûȣΰ׾͵ھͬǰ
ƼھͬˣΰżʵǲǺʹ
ھͬԣһŭĿԲѧ̲ػصû¡

ѧҪҪȥ
ھͬôɣΰ׾͸ͻȻִ˵
ھͬע⵽仯ΰתĹУ¶һƵ΢Ц
ɫֳ˼֡
ΰ׼״ʶھͬø¶ԷΪԼǣ
һĻУ̬ױˡ
ƫƫʱΰһ䣺ٴͬͬҾͶ㲻
ΪԼĻΰ׼ǣҪΪܶŹ˾֣ŵ϶Ӱ죬ʱƱʲôģɶ϶Ҫ鷳
׻˵úãߴߴ硣
˵ҵߴ磬μǸ¹⻹ҪҪЩ
ѻ˵ϣӦòˡ
ͬΰϣ˵һ룬ˡ
ǰ˼ֻعͷھͬۡ
׺ݵ·Ҫھ̻ͬˡ
ھͬûʲôо
ΰףװͰʲôҪ߾͸Ͻߣ
ջߣһԲԼĳ
ܿ죬ΰ׵߷Χ
ΰ˿
صΰ̧һۡ
ʱ䲻ˣھͬˣΰһóҽһߺͶԷͬͬǸ籾Ǻٰܼ㿴𣿡
ھͬԹԵͷ
ΰҵҩ࣬ھͬ˵ǣ˵Բ𣬺㱻Ǹ˴һȭ
ھͬЦЦû£ֻҪԺͺá
ϣˡϺҩΰ׾ȥʰĿͷ
ļףΰȥ˵ͬͬϭ̺ˣȥϢɡ
˾ͻ˸Եķ䡣
ΰ׾ʹĥӣ֮رϴ˯ˡ
ھͬ෴ʱҹոտʼ
ΰ׽ɫ»ûھͬ˸绰
㶨֮ߴϷˡ
ڶ죬ΰһֻͷмʮδӵ绰
ĸֳ¡ĵݱ磬һİ붼˵绰ΰü
һĿְ


023 ûؽɫ
ΰȸ˵绰
գ۵ĹǱ߾ͽ
һ룬ԪҼе𣺡ΰףӵ绰ˡ
ôˣΰһãȻ
˸ͶôǰҴкԪ˵ʮ
Ͷ̣ΰ׾ܻû˯ѣȻԪ˵Щôһֶס
ΰ׵Ĳ⣬Ԫ̽ʵ㲻᲻֪°ɣ
ΰ״˸ĹǷĨ۽ǴˮŻ˾䣺֪
ԪüͷˣǱˡ
ΰЩţɡ
ԪңԷΪʲôɷѿİûػǸɫ
Ϣ̫˾ȣΰ˺һŻعںҿЦɣ
ԪЦˣвһϲͣ绰Ϊ˿Ц
ΰګګⲻҸ̫ͻȻԵһ㶼ʵ
Ѻͬǩ˾ʵˡ
Ǳû𣿡
Ҳûã鲻ȱʽˣûޡ
˵ԪҴ¿ˮǲ֪ɫλݼжϷȫ̸ľͷƵģ̨ʻȲСѧпġ
ΰЦ˵ˡ
ԪһҪæ˵¾ʹҴææˡ
ΰ׼ֻ֮ʣ֪ͨȻĳһ΢š
˵ո˵ͶǸ۳ˣһ¡
۳ˣ
ʶĸ۳ˣֻھͬһ
ѵǡ
ΰˡ
ȥԻھ֪ͬɫ˵԰Ͷ⡣
ϵһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
Ϊ֤²Ƿ׼ȷΰ׼æƿ´Ьܡ
ΰܳ䣬ϸմھͬ
Ŀԣΰ׼æʵͬͬҸ㶨˽ɫ£
ھͬ賿˯ӻԵɵɵģ֪ΰ˵ʲô
ΰ׵˻ھͬվŶҪ˯ȥˣǺЦֻ÷˻ȥ˯
ۿھͬʱʲΰֻѹ֪ת˳
ΰ״򿪱䣬óƤһС⣬׼Ƥࡣ
˵׼ʳĵʱֻȻˡ
ΰײϵˮգֻһ
ǽ绰İ롣
ֱΰף˳Ϊμ
绰ΰֱʵλ
ǱûΰΪźŲãظһ飺λ
лӦˣֻǳᡣ


024 Ȱ˵
ҡ
ΰһĺ˲ûˡ
蹷ƵģǶִˣΰȫԷ
Ҫҵ绰ʱװ˼أǰһ뿪˿ڣȱҡ
ΰ׷²˵ͷƲƲӡ
ԣһֱ⣬ѽɫμ󡣡
ΰ뿪ˣȴһǳٹ˾µ
ֻҪϲӾ硢ӰС
֮⣬Ҽһ߸Ϸ
ˣΪЩԴġ
Ƿΰ˵Ǻջ
ԭͷ
ΰ׹ǣ¶һЦݣ
ܲãǹ˶¡
²ˣɫԭҵģ
μǲҪС͵
ۿΰԽ˵Խͷʹ֮໹ð侲㡣
ΰûְѷֱθ˼ȣɫǲõģбǾͷɱң
ΰִһǣʵǲ⣬ֻܰԭڶԷ
μҲǣѡõģƫҪ
治֪ɫʲôõģֵ
Ϊ¸ϽƪòȰΪһˣҪѧѡʱѡܹ󻯵ѡ
⻰ΰ׷һЦô⻰˵μ
üģΪʲôμ˵£
ΰЦˣʲô˵£
ҵĶһ˵
´ΣҲҪ˵һҪ
ΰһֱˣƢҲˡ
ûüȥΰ׾Ͱѵ绰ˡ
ûòˡ
˼ŭǿƽϢЩߵ绰Ը顶˼[1]Ͷʲôͷ
õġᰴ˳칫ҡ
Լ˰Сʱȥ
¹ԼûļУ𣿡
ᰵͷϵݸͶǸ۳ڼҵһλ֧
üͷڼôǣˣڼӪóףҪǷƵ꣬û˵Ҫҵ
ᰴΪҵСӽҪȦչ
˷ϣûƬ
ûС
λǴӣһֱúܺá
˼Ա˶û


025 Ȼͬ
룬ʵʱûгͷˣ
ᰣûС
˼
һ̧۾ǾͲǹ˾µˣͶʹӰĿ
˵᰺ͷۣԼΪ˱СӣǼҴý˾ʮˣ֮һڵġ
˵ӰĿûмĳϵ
ƾ㣬Ҳ˭
ûôӣԶڸ۳ǵڼҶǣ
֪ˣӦþܾμҪ
ƻңΰǸСҧִ
⼸ľԼӽˮˡ
ΰһģͼľΰ£ûк֮ǵȥչҵͼ
ΰױôԣֵ˷Ѱ㾫
¶ģ԰칫ǰ˵ᰣΰߵˣԺٶˡ
ᰶ˶٣Щɵ
ɫڣһǰԼߡ
᰷һ̣ޱ϶˲ãæǸԲ𡣡
ʱ
ơ
Ǽ߹ܹ㱨ӡ
ᰱѲƶ뷨Ÿ߸Ь뿪칫ҡ
⣬Ȼ϶Ҫ
һߣԴӹҵͨ绰ΰ׾ԤУ
ΪԼ緹ΰֻ̽ɾģʽ
ָ徻ΰ˵ʼʳġ
ƤܺƤгС飬ӽѾź׵ĹϾˡ
ʱһȥζҲԽԽŨ
ھͬǱζѵġ
۾˼룬ھͬһͦӴϱ
ھͬѭζȥ
һȥͱǰĻ澪޵ˡ
ֻϵΧȹΰվ̨ǰԽΰϣĵ˺ڷ⡣
ΰʶתͷȥ
ھͬɵ㶵վſڣΰһЦˣ
ھͬعڵһ±ͨ죬ǡ
ΰףȥϴܿͺˡ
ھͬӦáЬȥԡҡ
ϴϣƤҲˡ
ھͬصſڣΰڰ˳ϵزóһ·
ΰ׳ȥֽ֮˳棬ֻ˫ӡ
׼緹ʱһ󼱴ٵ
ҪûǷǮΰ׶ҪҪծˡ


026 μĵв
ΰ׷¿ӣͬͬȳԣȥš
ھֲͬȱۣȻûûεš
ΰ˵һ룬ھͬվŶԷһȥ
һ򿪣ûϵĴ硪μġ
۾ֻǿ״ŴͲֱдšҺĸ֣ΰ׼æסھͬ¶ԷΪԼǣ
ⲻб֢μìܵʱμĶ˺ü֡
ΰ׾ע£μ˹ô㻹֪£
ԿͷѽɫС
ȻҾðμҡ
μķźݻͬʱ۾Ҳڶݺݵصΰס
ϱӶԼұлΰףΪ˼˿
ȻԴΰ׾֢ȴǩֶҲżĻ֮£ЩνļѾûڴ
׻˵ûڴͲܵ˺
μĵľ棬ΰﲻû㲨еЦ
μԭΪΰ׵ӣᱻⷬŵɪɪ
ϾΰµľǼ˲ϲ
˭룬ΰûŵˣЦ
μüͷΰףЦʲô
ֻΰ°ͣмǾǰμҺˡ
ǰϲ̨棬һֱûμҵĻڣڿǸʡˡ
ǸɫǾԲõġ
μסһ˼飺ˣ
ΰЦúܡ
⻰μеŭֶ˼֣ΪһƽɫҪͼϾϵ
ΰףǰ
μô𣺡ı𣿡
ŭΰȫӰ죬Ƶػص˼ûġ
Ӳǰɣμߣӣѵ˵ܵһ١
ΰ׼״쳣ϱûʱ򣬱һȭѵࡣ
ڵʸϣǼɺʽ
Ըֳ꽡ˣԸμֿռӻǴ´ࡣ
ΰƫͷͬͬһ㡣
μŭ㻹鵣ıˣ
ΰ׻ȥƨ£ɵ/ơ
ɵ/ơּŭμġ
һ룬ͻȭͷֱΰλá
ΰײڳμҵĶ±Ǹúܺߡ
治֪


027 ҺŶ
μǸɫСġ
⻰ΰ׷˸ۣμô˵ģ
˵μμԷʵĿģڱ˵ܵϵĿֶ˼ֲƣΰףٸһλᡣ
ڰѽɫСҿԼ̡
㲻ʶȤͲҪҲ
ΰԣؿڣܸ䣬ҺŶ
һ֪װġ
μĲɵӣȻóΰڹֳ
ΰû˿⣬һŭϽͣμȭͷ˹ȥ
ΰû㡣
ھͬ״æСģ
ΰ׸˶Էһġ֧첲סμĵĹ
μľ֮ʣΰ׷ֿסԷԷ󱳵ķšȥ
ţ̧͵һ¶Էϥѡ
μʹվסôȥ
ȷμ޷ˣΰ˹ڣͳ˻ȭͷһΪж
أλᶼûңѹڵϡ

⼸仰һͰμɫ׽ӣؿҪըƵġ
ΰһ㶼£ڶԷǰҲøš
ΰһһĳ̼μƤ
ΰ׿ƵģֻŭŶԷΰףǷˣ
μӻϷΰ˶ԷһţǷǷػصҷô
μȥȴһеȣԲˣ
ڵתͷȥ
ֻҵĸվſڣϵЦЩΡ
ھͬ˼䣬ǾͰμĴˡ
μôһ֣ΰ׵ĺǳûˡ
Թ緹ΰ׵ҹζ࣬ǰȥԪҹǰǩ˺ͬ
̣Ԫɫ̶̼֮ھͻԱпϣҪٳ۶ˡ
ΰͬҲϣ
֣ͬΰĵһ¾ǰμŴӺų
ţͬƬĨܱ¶ϢȦﲢġ䶨
μĹעȣ϶ῴȦ
ͬΰϣȦշȥͱμˢˡ
Ƭݣμĵ׵ĻһӴ
ΰ/˷Ҫǰɣ
УԷ׼˵ȥˡ
ѹ»μֻ˸绰


028 μ
ʱͼ߹ܿᡣ
μһ绰˵˼·ˡ
ʾ֪μ˳ΪǸɫ
ΰײϸҲȥӲ
οڻиҪڵȥ
۵Ŀ
Ƴһۣٶȹҵ绰ֻóɾģʽ
ǳĿ£
μֵ绰ҵɫʱѿ
ƫƫаָ˹ȥ
ε绰ûбҵǱ߱˽
˼μжһĨߺޡ
Ȼ˶ǲ׵ģ
ؼʱ̻ǿԼ
μ룬ָ˽̽Ϣ
ΰڴľ˭Ը
Ȼϵʽҡ
һߣΰ׽ͷ£ͺھͬ𣬷ɻӰӻء
֪ϷھƵҴææϴ˸裬ʹʼǵľ籾ǰƬ
·ϣΰֶ뱳̨ʣϷʱ򿨿ǡ
ȥƬкûü򣬾ͱץȥױˡ
ڳĴߴ£ױȥϷææȥ򳡡
ⳡҹϷΰݵĽɫеҡ
ִº֮ڲͨˮԲˮ
뵽ݶϷԺΰ׹Լٵˮʮء
ŵһ£ΰһգ۵Ĺͽ״̬
ڼǰĿọ̈̄еͶҪˡ
ͷתԺǱߣһӾͳϷˡ
ԭڣԺڲȥΰ׺ˡ
ݾȺcutԺһ¡
⻰һ˵ĿⶼۼԺϡ
Ժע⵽ˣܾЩڳЦһ¾Ϳˡ
ݸԺϷʱΰ׾һԿ籾
ʱݺȻ֡
ΰܹȥʲô𣿡
ļ򣬡СϷȽѣпնָһ£оǹؼʱ
ΰףá
Ժһ쳣ޡ
ΰʲôȻҲָ
Ժ˼ŵݣûұֳ
Ӻܿȥ
ݿʼڶ㡣
۶ܲð칫ңæһ׼°ࡣ
ǰû㱨ΰ׽Ķ򣬾ߵ绰ʵΰʲô
ᰳ˳ǣ֮ǰǽңٶĶ𣿡


029 Ͳ
æһ죬Լô
Ϊֻµ𣿡
׼˾뷨ЩΪѻشǡǡǡ
ʵϣûдΪѵ˼
ᰵ˽⣬Էڲ֪ôش£˳ɻѹԼϡ
һڸǵΡ
Ȼûþ˵ˣǸ
Դ˺⣬׵ʱ򣬸λʶȤ෢һʽ
ΰ·ƪ֮Źİ߳칫ңרõȥͣ
Ӧ
߳ݣ˾ӳһֻһֵֻϷʵֱӻؼ𣿡
ףͱ۾׼һ
˾״𵲰壬´ӵĵƹۡ
æµһܿͽ硣
˯˲ʮӣͱˡ
һǳٴĵ绰

ǳٺ˵ƣѾеͷˣ˵Ҳƽʱ࣬磬̾͸üʱ֣ٳǵ㹤ˣ氡
С鷳ƣҪй
Լ;У֪ôΰס
ϧΰͰȥˡ
ʱΰ׵ֻһ¡
ǾܰݼԺϷ
ΪѾˮ˴Ρ
죬Ҳסôڰ
ھŴ㣬ΰˮݺͣʱ˶ľˡ
ϰʱǡһ紵
ΰ׶ô˸硣
ݼ״˱ð飬ȥСκȣټһ¡
ΰһܳԿ࣬ڵݵľû顣
ȻԺ˵ⳡҹϷҪģŤͷȥҵݿ飺ⶼʮһˣܲģ
ΪԺһֱNGͲôá
ƫƫʱԺùͷ湦򶼲ˡ
վڴ˵̨ʶۡ
˼СαˣػˮôãҲû˼˵ҪϢ
㻹벻ˣ
ΰԭһԳԹϡ
ǵݵ͸о϶һż޵Ŀ⡣
ΰ׿ȥͼԺ
񹥻ʵ˺֪ˡ
Ժ²ж
Щֲõ˵ģƾʲô㵽ͷϰ
뵽ΰ׾͵˻ȥ


030 
ΰǱ߽ŵգҪɶˡ
ࡣ
֮ͿƿأԹԵغ˾ơ
ǳϢȽϱ֪ΰ׷ֵ¡
⸱ҪԼļƣǳٲЩ֡
ȥʵ磬ôˣ
˵ͷƾơ
һǵ˵ҲܸʲôõĽ飬粻˵
ǳٵò𰸣ץӷΡ
ʱҶűһذըΰҪ֡
ϢǳٵһӦˡ
ΰô֣
ʵʵ򹷣
Ҷۼɵˣļ˵ûΰҪ֡
ԭΪ·ţƫƫСȱƵģһٶ£ʱƱصط̨ϣֲʲô£ֵôã
ֹ˼ԣֺ˾ơ
һһ֪ĻΪںˮ
ǳҶ۶һۣӶԷжͬ뷨
磬ӿ˵Ĳе󰡡
*
ԴӱݵһͨԺϺúˡ
͵ΰˮ˲¶ʮ飬ûܰһϷ˳ĳ
Ժ֮⣬¶ƣ
û취ֻչ
صƵ꣬ΰ׸оԴκģһ/¡
֮һ¼ơ
38档
ˡ
ΰҳҽ䷭˷沢ûҩ
ҹҩΰֻˮʪëڶͷ¡
ʱΰȻҲ⡣
˾ϱ֢ҽԺʱҲǴڹԮľء
ΰԽԽܣɬһӿϱǼ⣬ῪʼܿƵص
һ˲ġ
ΰڣܿʹһʼϸɴꡣ
ҧűǿһͷʪͺķôȶࡣ
ܿ죬ɽϮ
ΰװѰ˯֮ʺȻһҪġ
˰æҩ
ʣ޼־ΰ״΢ͨѶ¼˷һͷ棬Էһ
㣬ҷˣܲҩ
ȷϷͳɹΰų׷
Ȼΰֱǰû֣ˡ
յĲǱˣǽձӺų


031 ҹ
յʱմӾưɳ
ΰյںЩ
Ȼΰ֮ǰ˵Щǹģ
뵽ΰ֮ǰΪһҰ˺ʱԷʲô
һ䣬ΰײ֪¡
۾žδɢȥһ
˭룬˺ü鶼޷ߣ˼ǲܿƵƮΰ׷
ᣬֻ
ȿȣԲǺΰ׷ݣֻǾ̫òرϢò
ʵϣǰ󲻹ӡ
ݣɫֳ
ԭΰ׸ûֻǷˡ
⣬ΰ׿еġ㣬ӦþǰЩӺŵྲ
ǣΰ׾ȻŮͨɱ
һǹġ
еɫ˼֡
뵽ΰĿףȥһˡ
ⲻζΰδˣֻڶϣöԷ档
صң˽˷ɻǰӰӻء
ʱȽϽţҲûʱϴ裬·ʹʱץļͥҽϷɻ
΢ɻִ񴨡
֮߳ǰźõ˾Ѿڳڵˡ
ϳ̧ʱ䡣
Сʱȥˡ
֪ΰΡ
Ļ£Ӹʹߴٵ㡣
õġ˾Բš
ԭʮӵ·̣Ӳ˰Сʱ
ͣȣƿȥ
ҾƵµĲҵ
ΰס練ơ
ӵʱ䣬ͽܣס1805ӵݳȥոˡ
õҽ¥ˡ
ˢ1805ķţǵ߽ȥ
Ǹ˵꣬ʱڱССһֻر
ߵߣΰ׵ĶͷȻƫͷҽ˵յúЩ
ҽԣΰ¡
룬Ȼ39ˡ
ٳһ㣬˿ܾҪȥҽԺˡ
ΰ׹ϵκҽ˯Ϊѵܣѣû취ҩ
˶٣ɴһ߻ΰһߺΰףѡ
ΰԺ֮Уоں֣뿴˭ڳ˯
Ƥصó棬˺þò۾
ӳ


032 Բ
ΰΪԼû˯ѣְ۾ϡ
վڴߵ˻˶ɵˡ
Ϊʲô⣿
ѲҾƵԴ˵Ĺܣ
˯ȥǰѾ÷ˣôģ
ڶӵļʱ䣬ΰ͸Ļһһһ˳
ҽ˳䡣
һΰ׻عЩʵôˣ
ͳֻ˵΢棬ݵΰǰԼ
ΰ׿ĻŷԼྲܵ
˼룬ΰգգ۾յ͹ˣ
š˵꣬ΰ׵ɫһӾͱˣ֣ʲô𣿡
ûʲôΰϲԣĵȴǲ
ϱ֢绰ѰοԷȴһǮ
ֻͨգҹӵ۶
֮ôԭЩ
ΰײòпһ䡣
Ա
ΰ̾˿ȥɡ
һ⻰üͷʣΰף㻹ûģ
ӵ۶ҹϹΰײЦˣһҪߣ
ΰζӳ£ʵڲһ
ҽβϿ϶ܰѻ˵̫֡
ΰ׿ղʱֻˡ
ΰƳһۡ
ֻĻʾšμ֡
Ŷġõܵܡɽ롫Ϣȡˡ
ΰ׵ע£ʹᣬʲô£
μע⵽仯磬岻𣿡
ûСƳΰֳֿϷı飬ЩƣҲЩͷûʲô¾͹ˣ߻Ҫæ
μæ£ȱҡ
磬ҷ˼ˣҲһʱҸĽɫ
ңæҪǸɫʱ򣬲֪ҸѾҪǩԼˡ
ˣ˵ҪͼϾϵܲܰԼǸ
ЩԲһΰײ̬˵ˡ
μΰ׵һӱý
Ƿ
Ϊʲôֽ͵һ
ʮץμϻüЦ̽磬㲻ǻȥϷ𣿡
ΰЦμʲôֱ˵ҪŤŤвУܷ
μҭһ£Ϳ磬Ҹס


033 ˼̫
ΰ׶ĵòС
һʱμ;ǰҩ
ֻҪֳãμͻ䱾ʵͷ
ϱӣΰײ֪ЩƣÿζμںõĿ̶
عͷ룬ں
ȻμҲںĿ
μĲԲûǰæ⣬һЦЦһ䣺𣿡
ΰ׷Ӧƽȫμϡ
ˣΰ׵ӣ϶ἱط
ʱװÿ㣬ΰ׿϶ᲪȻŭ
һͻΰСеӾͻߡ
ΰûϹ
μ룬ѻ
磬ʲôʱһˣŴ׺óʱû㣬ˡ
Ŵϴѧʱ񵽵˹
ΪĸԹëû취ؼҡ
μǿϵŦ˵ҪŴס
ʱʼʱʱŴΪɣ˴ΰߡ
һŴףΰ׾ͻᵱҲ⡣
ϧμûԤ볡֣绰ȱҶˡ
μ֪϶ΰ׸ɵġ
ΰ׸Ҷֻ϶ᱻԷ
ΰȷʵˡ
μĲ̫һ
ѵС뻹Ҷ
ΰ̧°ͣ۵ѱμ̫ģҲ
⻰üͷȡ֡
дŵάΰɫȻȥɡ
ͷۣΰףвУ
Һμûʲô
ܱܲһ˵¡
ΰЦһĵһİ֣˵ûϵ𣿡
μЦģһû˯鱾ͷꡣƫƫΰ׻ҪûƢҲˡ
μϲôԣôǿЦģΰײʾغȥ
˿ѹסͷϴܵĻǰܾҡȻû˵ܸо
ΰ׷ܾ㲻ΪӦң
˼̫ˣΰס
˼
ΰסǡһͷҲٿ㣬


034 ԹϳԵԼͷ
ͷ
ܴڲеΰûʲôٶʵġ
ؿΰһʲôû˵ˡ
Ȼǰҽΰס
뿪ΰ׻ղŵĳͷһã
ǲǶ̫ˡ
Ҳãȵ㹻Ͳˡ
֮ͨΰֻϢݡ
ҩ£ܿ˯˹ȥ
һߣԺںľ¡
磬黹ûȥͨˮNG¿ΰô
Ҿòܱ㱻ڣܷ
ȷǸΰûʲô
ȷһͨͨСԱ
ȥϵˮˡ
*
ΰһʱѾĵࡣ
ڴϷ˻ΰĿ£ò´ȥԼҵԵġ
ߵΰ׿ҽɳϣЩ⡣
ҽˣһ䣺ڸоôˣ
ΰףͷеΣá
£ȷΰûʲô󰭣ҽŷ˵ٳԼҩܺˡ
ǰĽҽʵһûԶˣþƵѼ͹
ﻹмΰһãȻҾƵ겻ֻ
׼ġҽ
ðɡΰЩӡ
ƵյϢܿͰѼ
ΰ׺꣬ҽͻظڷϢˡ
ΰ˯˴죬úܡ
ûΰԴ΢׼ȥתһȦʲôϿԳԡ
˵ĹûţǳԵԼġ
ÿһϣӵ˿Ͷ壬ݡĵǳҹϷSԱǰNG˲¶ʮ飬ĵҹҲ²˭ͷ.jpg
ȥ˷SԱֻһ̫ò˰ɡ
ΰףֱӱ֤ŵˡ
ɣΰ֮ǰǼݼߵİ
һϷNG¶ʮ黹ܴݼ
ڵĵӾ粻ÿЩԱģ
ΰ׵ķ˿࣬ټˮм۷ܿ͵ΰǱߡ
˵ɷ£͸ֳƵġ
Ҫǵˣΰ׶ҪЩ
ʱԺҲˢ΢
ѶΰףԺǿ⡣
ݼôǻǮͱˡ


035 Ȳ
ʵΰNGʮĴš
ǵ³̫ݶԺֻðסеļ
л΢ţҵΰ ݼ裣Ӫŵޡ
˼룬ԺְȡӪֻ޵ļ
Ӫŷ׷׽ͼԺһĻ
ÿһϣԺ΢֤ΰNG¶ʮϢ档Ϲϲһ£ǳҹϷԺ֮һʵ˧硭
찡̫ˣ
ѹ³ϰͼ޾ɣۡ
ΰ׹ǸΪǸ۸
ΰݼôԾĪǱʲôɸ˵ܣ
ýֺͷ֪ΰ׾Ǵʽˡ
ΰ׳ˡݼ衱֮⣬ֶһλ
ΰΧòѾ֪ʼٸԺ
ԭڣԺⳡ־ļȵߡ
ԴԺֻޣʵΰݼĺ֮ѷ׷׸ۡ
Сʱ˿ʮ
ΰûи˵ʯϰߣȥҵҪصԾƬΡ
һԱ˵ʵõıҥʽ
۶ܲð칫ңվ˺һˡ
ʱԥҪҪ㱨ϵ¸
ϴԼ֮˸ΰߡ
ΰ׳£ڵһʱ͵õϢ
ֻϲϱΪѡ
ᣬţ߽칫ҵܣˡ
ͣסʣ̧۾ʵô£
ᰣˣѶ
оǺף᰾ͼ򵥽ȥʵҪæ𣿡
ͷͻȻð뷨ס
ΰ̫ˣԵҲá
һΰײŻ
ʱҪԷ˵練ơ
뷨Ȳܡ
סΪԼˣ֤Ƶһ飺ȷ
üͷ飿
еĲã᰼æҡҡͷûС
˵һշްն
ΰ׳ô£ܾȻҲʣ
ߺ΢һȥͼΰ׵ĺѹڰס
һЩȫΰס
ﲻζЩ˵˲ΰ׵Ļ
ǰ᰺ֻԼ
һʱ䣬ľС


036 
ΰҵݵǰӣͶ̸ոݴһ绰
ԭʮǰԺͲ²ΰΪ˱ҥ˳ɻȥҵҪԾƬΡ
Ϊ˸ΰ׵ǰǰôྫ
Ҫΰ׳ɹҥˮһˡ
ԺϵͶ̡
ܣܲܰ˼һСæ
ʲô°ҵĸζ
иԱرᣬھͷǰѹҵϷһѵõݱвУ
аǲ֪ʲôô
ȥʱô~
Сβһëļλá
ܱòֱͣ޲˵Ժ
ΪԺˣһ˵ĩתͷ͸ݴ˵绰
ˣϷй˾Լ̨ĸ߲һʩѹ
ΰҵݵֻ֮һ䣺СΣҪʱίˡ
ȵӾ粥Ҿͻ֪ˡ
˵ЩҲ̫ȥ
ΰûнӻ
ݼ״ļʾο
ط·ϣΰ΢תԽ˴ŵ뷨
⣬ӦԺʹ˰ӡ
ݼм䣬ֻѡίƵһ
ΰ֪Ҳûлȥҵط۵˼
ϾⲿϷҪģ͵ʱҲûô
֮Ҫ취ǡ
ȥû·Եȱˡ
ΰһĪչ֮ʣھͬ˵绰
ΰײöԷģѹЦʵ˵˽ҪĶױգôп죿
ھͬǼУѧ㶼ˣô˵
ΰ̾˿˵ҲûðûԾƬΡ
Ȼûҿ԰ѹȥ
ˣҪѹȥҸ˵ˡ
Ҳһֱ㰡
ھͬöˡ
ʵϣΰױż
żûãⳡ־绹ڼ
ͻȻ϶飬һߴسţǵעȥ
ʣƱȲƱнļʻС
ʱھͬͻȻѧĺѲˣ
иعˣ
üһȻȡұ/
ΰ׵ɴ۾ǲ˼顣
Σսʵ
ԣӦλ˰
ˣ˭أ


037 ƻ
ʱذСʱǰ
ԴӼʶ˵ӣͶµûš
ʶô꣬ΰײûгܡ
ǳܳףҲûԷ
Ծ᲻ӣͰһλ캰칫ңùزΰ׵ĺѡ
õġ˵Ҫߡ
״æȵȡ
ͣ½ŲɻʵʲôԸ
սԿ½²Ҫ޹ؽҪ֪
첻̫˼鷳ɴֱʳ룬磿
˶٣һĨڣᰡ
쾪ˣǲ˼顣
ɻʵۣ᰾׵Ĵܹܡ
Ҫᰣ
ܲð²Ҫˡ
ʵϣֻǲԼѡ
һߣ칫ʣһˡ

˼ȫܿƣܻƮΰǱߡ
֪ΰôˡ
뵽ͳֻģʽ
ΰ׸Ϣڵһʱ֪ظˡ
ⲻ֪ΰ׸û
Ϊȫε顣
Ŀǰжϣⳡ־ʱĻ
ֻҪԺԷʱʼʩٰʺͷϿۡ
˼˼ӣһƻΰ׵Ժ𽥳͡
֮ΰߵ䣬ߺõλ÷£ʼ
Ҫҵһ΢ͷ
ϱӣμԹܶవ
ΰ֮򿪳ɫ
ΪľǱٱμݡ
˭룬ͷûμϣóˡ
ҵͷ֮ΰ׾ûȥעϵ£ص˯˾
գΰ׵ȥˣֻصƬ
ǡɽһԺĶϷ
ΰ׻ױʱྲȥʵСװףô£
Ҹڹ¡ΰƫͷĿֱֱڲԶԺϡ
ˣǲҳѣ
ྲϣҡ
뷨һûüʵʩѾͲˡ
ˣ罻ƽ̨ϵҲûˡ
ΰüͷ죺˹ˡ
ΰ׺ܿûʱˡ
Ϊ֪ͨҪȥˡ
ΰ׿첽߳ױ䣬㻹ûʼҺýǶȣĴ˲οϵͷ


038 ƻʱ
ԺϷҪһڡ
ΰ׵ĸ߶ȲְͷĽǶȵ˵
һֱڰŪο棬ྲչȥһʵСװףڸ
ྲһΰԺ
԰ྲſ档
һ߶ȿ϶ˡ
ΰɤӣ㣬ܲܰҸæ
ྲͷ˵ֻҪΧ֮ڣһ㡣
ԼϣΰЦոô࣬Ҿұѡ
⣿ྲü
ȻΪʲôΰһ߷һ߰ѿྲ
ƳȣҪǽˣΰ׼æ㣬ôţǧҪ򡣡
ྲȥϷɡ
Ȧ˰꣬Ȼܿó氵
ûвΰ׵СϷ
һΰ׶жҲͦϲС
ֻҪΥ£ǺԷһѡ
һϷһġ
ΰͬһ㣬գ۵Ĺͽ״̬
ֻǰΪԺѹݼ
ݼȫſΰףʱ·һʡ
˵ǺݼԵԺԱʮϷϷǣӲסΰ׵Ϸ
ڼǰŴľԺæͣ
ԺعʶղŷʲôɫƵΰףǲǹģ
ΰװɵҲ֪˵ʲô
Ժҧҧųݻҵš
ʲôԺɫѿЩΰϵЦã˵ûͷûβģ֡
Ժ뷢𣬾ͱױʦˣʦһױ
ܿ죬ڶġ
Ժ׼ǱΰѹýӲסϷ




ֱʮԺӡ
Ժı֣ΰ׿˵Ƿǳ⡣
ԺǸNGʮĹ
öԷٸұNGʮ
ԺòУֱӳñڵϴ󺰣Ӳˣ
⻰һ˲
ΰҪľЧ
Ϊ˴Ժΰ׾ѻ
Ժŭ볡֮ǰΰסԷȰʦԣ˵׼һܹˡ
Ժԭ͸ըҩƵġ
ΰ⻰˵ڵ
һ㣬Ժֱըˣ̧͵һΰףʡ
ΰ˳һˤ


039 ͵͵
˽ԱͻһĻˡ
ݻعֹͣ㣬ָĳȥ
ΰ׿ˣµСһţô죿ҵŤˡ
⻰оˣæݣ
ʱԺлָڵϵΰױҸûװģ
ܿϧûһԸ
Ϊǳ۾
ΰ׸ղˤжݣǿɶĿ˵ġ
Ժûòϵңװģ
߹ȥűͶʩѹķվԷԺ־ʹҵľȥ
ԺٿĪ磬͵һˡ
֪ĻΪ۸
ûΰǰʵСΣʹ
ΰѾĿģҲµȥҽԺͰѱŻ˵˵С
ݣȻȥҩȥҽԺðɣ
ΰ׵ͷԹԵӦá
ΰôϣݶֶ˼֡
ѵѾίΰˣҪίԷԼضȥ
˰ΰױط䣬ű󣬾ԷӼϷ
ΧܸΰõĲ
ϣҪٳ۶ˡ
ȻݵԸעʵֲˡ
ΰ׻˷䣬һͻָģ
ղˤĹ˸Сɣˤúܲʵϲûʲô¡
뵽ͷƬΰ׼æྲϢϷʱæؾƵꡣ
ʱڵϢ
ǵȥʼյȲΰ
ͷĵ죬һΰ׿ɼȦʾԼпա
û뵽ȦСʱΰ׻û
סˣֱӸΰ׷Ϣ
˭룬ӦǸɫ̾š
ס
ΰ׾Ȼְˣ
ӣǸСǣ
ֱҧŴ˸绰ΰס
ȻͷֻҲˣ
Ʋѵʱ͵͵¡
鵽Ժģμõϵʽ֮Էһš
ȥΰжҿ԰㡣
ƽʱԺİ롣
ţǡΰףͻš
Ҫʲô
һҪѡ
Ǿͺ졣


040 
ţμ¶һɭЦ
ΰףһҪҵ
˺Ĺ󣬿㻹ôǰţ
μǸǿ⡣
һѹסеļŸԺ
ѻûǣϽ΢߿ࡣ
³̫ݶˣС
õİ취
Ժ룬˵úе
ȥ΢ңܹŰۻոһµ
ҿԷ΢ȻǺֻܲԱ߸ɿŰɣ
ģѾˮҺӪšֻҪһ΢Ǿͻѡ
ô֪ǲƭң
ܿ죬Ժյһš
Ժһ㿪ͼͼٶӪţġĿȥ
ɲ飬ôֱʣԺûٻɣ΢
ԺVĳλԱܲеְҵNG˺ö飬ˡ
ܾʱɡ
۸磬ϣΰеϽ飡
ΰ׸㿴⿪ʵĸʲôˣ
ҵ綾ΰ׹Ȧ
ĳλԱϷͱˣɵĲ
ˮӪŵ£ܶѶǴƫˣ׷׸ƿڴ
ֵ˲ΰ׵һ档
Щ˲ֹˣΰP˻Ȧա
μ󿴼ˣΪΰѾΪ֣Ͱֻףȥˡ
С˳μԸҳװ棬Ҫȥ
ʮһ㣬μʱ䣬ϷдӼǰá
޸˹ϵȥġ
ɫǼ£̬ȵ˲٣ԽԽΰףΣǿҡ
ٲȡʩᰮΰס
Բ·
μ߬ȭͷ
ⲻ֪ΰͲЩ鰮ˡ
ڵȫʲôʱƵȽϺá
ΰ׼˼ӵһ
ڰֲٿ⣬Ըɡ
磬ྲϷ
ΰһõͷͰƵϵõӪš
֮⣬Ҳˮʹá
ΰйĶȻע⡣
ƵNGʮԺʮһϷΰףɵˡ
Ǳ˵ǹʹˣ
ʶ㣬ȫըˡ


041 
ԺԱ㣬㿪΢ΰײ״ȴԼռѰǰ
Ժһң
Ժݼ۾
ԺNG֣
ôĲһأ
ԺعæصԼ΢ҳ
΢ӳԺһƬ
ΰֹؼһѡң
ԭǿŶԺϽȦ
Ϸδ˺޳֮ˣyueˡ
·תڣԺԺľҶƣ
Ժôû뵽ȥԸͱ
ʱڲӡ
Ժ֪ô£һ¶Բߡ
ȥϢȫʯ󺣣ûлӦ
鼱֮£Ժֻܴ˵绰ȥ
һ룬ȴǣãĺǿպš
Ժˡ
Ǳˣ
ǵġ
Ƶձʱμ֪κˡ
»鵽ԼϣڵһʱעϵԺĺ롣
Щμɫ糣߳䣬ֱƽɵСү
*
֪ΰֱһΡ
ϴβͬǣû֣Էȷˡ
뵽ʼٸ߻ûнߵ绰ô¡
ͷõģܡ
һߣٴε㿪ǸƵһ߿һﲻͣ²ۡ
ûϿΰףȷ˵ҪǮ
ֳҲûѸΰҪ
ЩǮѾ㹻ΰ׹൱
治֪ΰΪʲôҪȥֿࡣ
˼⣬ǻɻСݡ
ϰ࣬£㱨ܣѾˡ
ǳҹϷУԺNG̫ŭݣ´ȥԼɸӰ죬ѡȷˣ΢ңո
Ƶسͷˡ
֮⣬ǻ鵽μСүҲ¡
һͣʵ˭
֪˹ϵǳ˵ϼСμСүμ󡣡
˶٣֪ˣȥ
תʱһ䣺ȵȣֻҴ绰
ʱΰ׻޷԰Ρ
ǣ׼ȥ콱һ˲䣬ֻʵ硣
ΰüͷ绰λ


042 ʳ
оΰˣʱЩš
ΰ׵˻Ǳûˣ
ҶʱǱ˻Ӧҡ
ΰ׵һӿ֪֪λ
˶٣Щȣô£㾹Ȼ˯
ȻҪΰ׷˸ۣȥöֱ¥
ΰףܲܺú˵ǹĻۡ
ҾϲҴ绰ΰ˵ЦͲֱдϡ
ˣЩһתҪ˵
ΰסŶһ̲סʲô£
ɣɣΪμɣ
ʵϣͨ绰һԭ
ò˵ΰˡ
ΰ׷Լ˵꣬Ǳû˶ﲻĳһ²⡣
ѵһ˵׼ˣ
ܿϧΰ׽ǵòˡ
ΪͻȻһ䣺ˣȥ㣬Щ»ǵ˵ȽϺá
ΰ׷ʼ˼绰ͱҶˡ
ǳӷ裿
˯绰ûʮѪ˨ɵó£
ΰ׻ûضֻץһͷװǸˡ
Ȼһٿ⣬ֱ˲ͣ
йΰ˳˲٣ץյͼ˯ˡ
˵绰˷ϵϣְ캰Ըͨȥ
ڿʼһҵԺ
кģֹ
УԺЩҵӪŷųȥ
Ӧǡȥɻˡ
ûãԺǱ߾յһһĽԼ绰
ԺϷ϶Ųȥˣɴֱ˼١
ϱķԺ򾭼˷߷߲ƽ磬ЩƷƷǷֲʧˣƾʲôҽԼ
Ҳ֪ҵ꣬ͷһؼ̣Ҳһͷˮ
ʱϢͻȻĳһ΢͡
Ժ˾
ȥɨ˼ۣ촽˶ͻܵ±سˡ
Ժɴ۾˵ʲô
û翪ڣļٵԺһֻԼô¡
治ͻܵգǰҹʱƬ
ЩԺйƤһ̱ϣﲻͣ˵ţˣȫˡ


043 
缱æڰȱţôϲ㣬϶ȹѹصġ
Ժ⻰ĵϣ
æԼֻҵͨѶ¼Ϊܡĺ˹ȥ
һ飬Ǳ߾ܽˡ
ԺΪԷæ˼ӲŴ˵ڶ顣
Ǻ֮ǰһ绰ղȥͱҵ
ʱ˿̣Ժʼо
û취ֻӲͷƤ
ǱֱӰ˺
ʶ/ҪޣԺѻؿڵĿֻһӱֻòˡ
顪
ֻˤϡ
ŶͣԺ˲ᵽɤۣ˵ʲôˣ
Ժصܰˡ
ûãһԹ˾߲Ķ˳
㿪ɨۣ˰βһ˾˵ǵ̫ǽˣн
û˽/ɽ˾ֲϰæԺòԼ
û뵽ϵЩˮͷӵʱȴûһ˿Ͻĵ
Ժһ졣
ʮһ࣬ԺʵڳܲסѹòǸ
ȻƭѸˡ
Ժ΢һƬ
ôңΰ˳΢۾硣
ڶ죬ΰ׻صƬҪۿԺĲ״
֮⣬̽һ¾ʲô뷨
ϧûüжͱˡ
ΰ׺ô£ƫͷȥ˿
ֻһλ̬ŮӴŰ˸վڲԶ˫ֱڵԺأ
ܶûֳ棬ŵˡ
ûŵҲԺͷ׷׶һԳԹϡ
ֳѻȸ
ʱԺϺױӻױ˳
Ҷ˵ԺЩ֡
׼ѯʱԺȻһԺ
ԺͷûüڣϾͰһơ
ûӦô£ֵҹϹҾˡ
Һݺݵش򣡡
˸ΧסԺ
һ룬ԺĲҽӶ
˹žѾоˡ
ݵֳѹȥֹǷᣬǱ̫ˡ
̧֣ͣ¶
ڵΪ־缴ֹʱ˶
˵ע£ָȺ۵ΰʵǲҲϹ/ˣ
ôǾûвⲿôǮôҲֻһС˽


044 ȳ
ΰĪ˿ڹ˶ɵˡ
ֻԸ϶ѣôͳ˱꼰ĳ㣿
Ů²Ƿ˰ɣ
ΰҪʱԺȻһ䣺ûҲǻܵСˡ
ԣָӱڹȥץˡ
ΰױ׷ܣԺЦ
Ѿûˣ˳ΰ汳İɡ
뷨ԺѪϽܻͣϵǮһࡣ
һ⻰ըˡ
ΰףֻܰѻԺϡ
һ޶סԺͷ֮ҧгݱʵʲôʱ򹴴һģ
ûԺڣΰ׾ǰ˵ǲģǷǰˮãҾͲò˵һ䣬ϹøҰɾƵӣҿˡ
۲ţǲÿǮ
ЩϷӳͼǮ𣡡
ץסҪԻٵ
⻰һٴμӿٶȣΰ׷ȥ
ȥܲסЩڶרҵģһܴ
󣬾Ҳǿ
ʣµڣƶ׷ΰס
ΰѾе֧֪ԼһͻᱻǸŮ˵ıץȥ
ΪֻƴܣͬʱҲѰͻƿڡ
ƬȦҵ˦Щ˵Ļᡣ
ȻܳƬʱΪ֧һģˤȥ
ǧһ֮ʣһ˫ֽס
ţһůĻ
ΰ̧۾ֻüͷ鲻ѵô˶ῴ·ղǸٶȣҪûס㣬ѾˤͷѪˡ
ֲҪܵġΰʶȻָ˵Ҫҡ
˭Ҫ㣿ɫ˲
ڼŲͨЩԥҪҪȥץˡ
ûãҲ׷
һ˰
мÿһ·
֮ǰס˭ʿˮΡΡʵܣôˣ
ûԹԵѯʻеˣҪ㣿
ΰ׵ͷ˵ҹϹҪҵ
ⷬߣŵüæᣬᣡ
Ҳ֪λˡ
Ҫ֪϶ץ
ޱأ


045 ά
ڨЦصܴܲ˲С˹
ĩˣۻףҰֺոմɺûҪΪС˺ɡ
۰вѹˣȥҾȡ
ɵˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊɿڡ
û뵽ôӡ
ԼһôҲǽӴȨȦ˰
뵽Цݣ߽е˲мΪôСҪҶĽһ
̣Ͽάΰףҵİ£Ǹ
סμǸ
Դӽ֮һ˼ڼͥϣôעϢ
μͻȻһ£ֻжš
ӱ˿Уֶ֪μΪ˵ã֦
һֱûԷϲˡ
뵽μԽԽԼȴʼձɽ̬֮ټңۻˡ
ʮѾ˵˸ף˵ٶҲ޼¡
ѹȸеע£۲òͷԲ𡣡
ûΰױ̬ʹűڻˡ
ΰ׼״һ
һΰԼѳ
ƳɫΰսԿµʵôˣ
⻰̲סӣ㡣
ΰЩ顣
תһ룬ιΪμ˲ûˡ
̧һʱ䡣
ŵʮȥԸ衣
˼٣ΰ򿪵ֻݸ߰ɣȥʽ¥
Լ˰Сʱȵͣھ¥ſڡ
ǵ۶ͦߣΰ³֮ǰصشñӺͿ֡
һϳܹô£ǿǴֳ
Ǹ棬ΰ׾ͿʼͷƤˡ
߽¥ΰΣͻȻĳʵǲΰף
ں棬ɻʵĸأ
ΰתͷ˦һ۵ȥ

Ī
˰䣬ΰ׵굥ֵȷԱ궫и
ЦѧΰǣժñӺͿˣ
ΰûдֱһϺʼͷԡ
ֱԵòˣŷ¿Ӳ죬Ƶؿڣ˵ɣҸ


046 ǸҪ
ΰͻȻʣֲ
Ӧΰ׸ɴֱ⣺˵ǲΪμİɡ
ǰͱ̬ˡ
ΰ׵ע£ĵ˼顣
ڿͷǣͷҲǡ
ΰ׵˵ȣûж쳣ʵôѻش𣿡
⼸־磬ΰͻȻĳһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
֪μжд̣޲ó֮졣
Ժۺڹμ˵Ǹ
ɴ˿ƶϳμ϶Źôõĸ»ᡣ
ٽı֣εμڰƲˡ
Ϊ֤²⣬ΰٴʵǰұμǳ˲ɡ
֮£ĴԻûü˼ʳһ䣺ô֪
ΰ׹ǣһЦȻ
Ҫ˵ʲôΰϤöܱˡ
μСҪͶԷƽϡ
ǰμŪĶǺ˿ڽ֮ģ˵ǡ
ܹίΰ׾͸˲ӬƵģθһӿ
ڣʹñ׼ˡ
Ҫߣһȥקסĸ첲õһʲôû˵
ΰת˳ǣҶ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣбҪ𣿡
ΰ׻еĳ˿ʣ˵˵Ҫ˵ʲô
ð㡣ΰ׳첲ϡ
⣬Ǹμİɡ
˵ǣμСҪ㡣
һˣûҪֵ̫ѿ
𣿡
ΰÿ˵һ䣬ɫѿһ֡
û뵽ΰ׻µô׼
һĻΰƶԼĲ²û
ΰ׶ĵòУҧг˵һ䣺ǹĲ˳ʺ
ԣֲֻ˲ҲȥѵǸ
ΰסǡһǸҪ
Ȼ㻹ô
Ȼ
ΰ׷ŭӣоһͷ
˼˵ʵ顣
μȹҵҲ塣
һ㣬͵вУ
ΰЦˡ
ĺ˼
㲻壬Ҫ㣿
˵䲻ģֲƾʲôôίԼ


047 ǵð
ΰװѻ˵ôԭ
һǱԷӦ̬ģǾȥû˼
μʢ
μǴо˹⻷İ¹⣬ʲôԭ¡
ɴ˿ɼ뷨Զܴһ¡
ǰίԼ
ǲܵˡ
ϱӣЭһһ飬ʲô
ҵͥȫһͿ
죬Ѿ⣬ⱲӾԲصޡ
𸶳ûлرĸ飬ҵ
õĻ˵׼սӵһϯ֮ء
δΰס˼ɣҪǺһְ֣ҿԿһҪҪ㡣
ԣüͷüֱܼһֻӬˣ
ΰ°ֱֱͣ۾ֿصὨ顣
סعǷŭǲ˼ǵð
𣿡ΰ΢΢һЦЦȴûдﵽ۵ףֻǴԴҵķʽԴѡ
ͲΪҿǣ˵꣬ͼΰҳԥ֮ɫǰҲ
ΰЦʣƾʲôҪΪȥίȫ
˶٣ŭ忪ڣȻԺҶٹܡ
ΰһνʼ磬ܾͲܣ˭ϡ
˲ɢ
ص۶뻹Ǿμ̸̸
Ȼΰرˣȷʵμˡ
μӦõǸ
ʱμ˼Ϣ
磬æ𣿡
ǰȥ㣬˵ڿᣬæ緹ԣҶûҴ㡣
ʱ䣬Ҿȥͷòã
ѧ˼²ˡ
Զ׼Ǹ̸ĺûᡣ
һ䡾칤æ
μ󿴵Ϣղڶ
֪ΰ׶ԣﻹǸҪ
գμ˸磬Ը˼ˡ
ţԺͷŻһ顣
μţ϶ǰһ
·ȥμǰʵ磬òÿ
μЦЦ۾ǳ磬ҵܴܵʲôÿ
õҪĴ𰸣μŷгˡ
μȥã°ʱ䡣
ᳵ·߽ܲð칫ңμûüڣʵΪʲôҪˮΰף


048 ʵʤ۱
μɫ΢䡣
ܿͽĨڸסָ糣
̲գ۵Ĺ
һо۵ס
Žμգգۣãʵ磬˵ʲô
ɫڣһ飬ΪʲôҪˮΰף
仰ľ֮⣬μ顣Ųǰ裬ֻܼװɵ㶣磬Ĳ֪˵ʲô
ԣɫֵ˼֣ȷ
ӵĿ⣬μ˼룬ǵ˵ͷȷ
μͣ׼ʹ󷨵ʱǰȻһϡ
μ֪ʲôǹԹԽ˹
ɨۡ
ת˼¼
֣Ǵôе졣
ϸһˮͷת˵Ŀţ
μ
ӡˡ˺þãμŻعʼϵϡ
漸ˮͷӵ¼
μʱңֻˮͷȥΰףЩǰ˵ΰ׻
ֻҪû鵽Ժ֣ε¾ͻоȡ
뵽μ󰵰˿
Ȼһϵʱɵˡ
ֻԺЩţһٵĴӡ档
Щ֤ǰμ벻϶С
μʼˣղѡװɵ㶡
ֱӳϣ˵׼صӡ֡
μղ֮ʣʵûУ
μͷССػصˡ
ûڣμͺһѴȣԼᣬ˵磬ֻһʱˡ
Ҹո㣬ΪʲôҪ˵ѣ
μҧҧһŽһŵҲҡ
ң
ʧ
̾˿ͦʧġ
⻰μ˲ˣ磬ھȥҸǸһλòã
֮ʣҲûĨΰףҸԽԽˣҪȥǸô죿
룬Ǿ͵ɱ࣬ҰѺǳǺһ֡
ôǰΰӦò㶯֡
ʱúõǸ¾ȥˡ
μ˳ǣðɣ
ԭװͬġ
ԷͲپ²š
û뵽ȻҪΰ׵Ǹ
ǲǷ˰


049 
μ󾪵ӶҪɳ
þòϱ̬ʵ㲻Ը⣿
о̬쳣ǿӲμʵûвԸ⣬ء
ƽʱμ޵ôˡ
֤ȷ䣬˸޴ӱ粵
ĵѾСˣ¾ҪеӦΡ
μ죬ʼƣǰ㶼ҵġ
ţμֵǲҸ˵ʲô
ϣ¡
μӣŲӴ󺰣϶˵ҵĻŻң
űʧصμоԷЩİ
ӡμˣһֻ϶᲻˺
ʱԷʲô
ΰ׽ɫˮΰס
ǰ߿˵ǲ֪֮٣ôǹΪ֮
μΰִÿ˵Է۸
μ治ɫӣԹġ
μ˵ĽȻ෴Щԩΰ׺ܶΣ
ĳ²⣬ޱȳء
һʱ䣬̲ס̾˿
μ̾˲
ʶԼղ˲壬μѹŭң»ԭǸı飬磬ңҲǹġ
ԼǼʶμ˽µֶΣٿԷӣЩܡ
˿ڸɰͰ͵ıɤ۲ϲ£ҭûš
ˣȻȥɡ
μ֪̲ĵٴȥֻǵӲϲ͹ԹԵˡ
ǰμѾƽ
ƿʳжĸӣͬᶣ磬ЩΪģһҪǵóŶ
ףò˵һ䣺лл
μЦݽסָֺܿ˵֮䲻ô
²ߣû˵ЦֱԵˡ
μߺŶԷʳУȻΰסڼʱʱ䶼ͷ
ΰ׳ȥϷҲÿ췢ϢҪʱԷ
֮⣬ֻҪصң۶ΰ׶ҲԶȵġ
ԴΰװȥŲһµʱ䣬ѾæǳԷüΡ
ܲϣȷʵеΰˡ
Ȼΰһ£ΰ׿һ
Ϊΰµ⡣


050 Ĳϲ
۴Ƭ֮󣬻ȥûвƳͶʡ
£¸ҪǻûͶ̽ϣⲿʮа˾Ҫˡ
ΰײû㹻ʽн
һмʮ㻨Ǯμ·ϻؼҵĺӣûù㻨Ǯ
̸⼸꣬ԷûϿ
԰죬ͰѸ˷
Ǯһֶû
Ŀֻмʮÿ»Ҫ
Ǯõĳѣ˵ͶʵӾ硣
ΰ׳ֱ̾ʱ΢ʾȻ
ΰ״һھͬġ
ѧǾǸͶҪʰ
ϢͨİͬͬСѡ
ҪҲͶô죿
ظңҸ衣
ھͬϢˣ˵绰ȥ
绰һͨھͬëԼҼһǮӰӴýҵչҰǣߣ
ΰ룬һת֮ǰߵüҶ㣬ǲҽ˽ɫ£
ھͬЦЦһС¶ѣô
ĩˣھֵ֮ͬ以ӦõģҪǺҿҾ˰
ΰΣͬͬСѣһʲôû˵ء
ھͬⲻǵҿ
ᣬ¸ҲͶ̣æòã
Уݺˣ»ġ
ȥȥɡ
һߣݻ޷԰Ρ
ֱ΢ʾγѰ̧ͷ
ǳԼȥ棬붼ûӦ
ԭֻȥйһ
°֮ؼһ·ԿȥԼ
ưɱȽԶʱƾѾˡ
²ߣûк
ΪˣͬǰһƿڽԹԵغ
ڼв˹ơ
ǰϲ
ЩȽѡ
ﷳƵýǰλҪأ߲ܡ
ô˵ЩӱȽСҲʼ
ʱǳͻȻˣıӣϰһŵĿվƿ磬Ҿȥ˸ϣôôడ
û˵۾ֱűߵľƱ
ʾɢǳԷʵ˵ɣĳأ
ΣǳĿҪľʱŵĲϲˡ


051 ׷
ǳǳ˳顣
Ҫ޷
޲һʮСʱȫڹϵȻΪһ졣
ۿû˾ƱɴһƿͣǳټæȰĺδ޷ݣûҪΪΰ׸ɡ
ԣбһԵˣ£ǵ
ǳЦˣǣҺĺ㣬㻹ҽ˸£
Ȥûٴǳ٣ùһƿơ
ƽһƣʵڶµûţ顣
ʡúȸȥЩ¡
ǳټ״ֻٰƿߣҪϲΰףȥ׷ˡ
ʵ˵ɣ۾ûϹˣܿóΰжϲ㡣
ֻҪõģ˺סҪ̫򵥡
ûΰﴦڣ˵ǡ
ʵϣԴΰ׷֮ÿȥΰ׶顣
ΰ׷ֱȷ黹졣
ԽԽܣ·һֻֽ߬š
ʱǳٺȻ˵иᡣ
ƫͷʵʲô
ǳ٣ΰǲϷͶ̳ˡ
¸»û˽֣ٵľԭؽɢ
ʱȥȸΰ϶жòС
ǳ˵֧꣬첲ײײôǲǺܰ
˼һ̧۾ŵҪܳɣǸĿ㡣
Ŷյ˽취ѹͷɢ롣
Ϊ˱ҹζֻ࣬˸绰ᰡ
˾ҪΰھͶʣֱˡ
ǣ
ݵĳ
Ȼ²۹²ۣϻǹԹӦõģȥ졣
ᰰٶһܿ졣
ͨ绰ϵǸƬˡ
ܿ죬ΰ׾ʹӵݿе֪ⲿ˽ˡ
ҹϷڼ䣬ΰ׺һ䣺ݣͶԸ˻ǹ˾עʵģ
ݣ֪ŵܰɣ
ΰ׵ͷȻйɲԤС
һ룬Ԥгˡ
ֻЦǺǵǾͶ̾ʽԸעʽġ
ΰ׺һ̲ͣס˼롣
Ͷֱ̣׾١
һμϴָҪɫǺ޻֮
ΰױ


052 ˺»ί
ǳṩ׷޵İ취һ顣
μϵ΢ֱʸо̫á
һʱ䣬ǳ˾С
ֹĿԼߣ֪Է϶Ҫ˵
ʵ˵ʲô
ǳ٣Ҿ㣬Ҫΰ׷μǱô
Щ⣬´ì𣿡
Ȼǳٳ׷ˣȻ˼˵£˭
˵˵ìġ
ǳ˿Ĭ
׷Сܴ
ȻҲ򲻹ǲҪֿˡ
ѹͷĻǳ֪ʶ㣬һԷ
׷ΰף͵䴦μ󡣡
ΪʲôԻλ˼
ҪΰΪ˺ѣԷԵһ£ͷͷӣô룿
ǼΪ˹£ֲΪμ󡣡
Ҳ֪⼸꼯Ŵڸٷչʱڡ
ܲΪμϵңҾͷŹǢ̸Ļᡣ
оûץסص㣬ǳٷˣˣͼס˵ģ׷ΰ׾͵䴦μ󣬲Ȼ㸴ϣҲˡ
ҹɫ⣬ؼϢˡ
˲پƣԼȥʵֻܰ˾ӡ
ȴ˾ʱ䣬оŨ񣬺ܿɳ۾
׼˯ŵʱֻˡ
һ
ΰ״ġ
⣬ӦΪͶʵл
ڴ
ԤеĿ佱ûУеȴһ䣺
˶٣ЩԼûίôǵˣ
ΰ׷һЦҲȷ߹㣬Ҫҵ˻𣿡
仰ƢˣɤʵѵҰҲд
ΰ׺ҸͲҪ
ĩˣΰ˵ң鷳Զһ㣬лл
նصܡ
вΰƬⲽ
ΰ꣬оԼٺȥƻᱻԷͰѵ绰ˡ
Ϊ˺£ûûеһ仹һʱί
˾֮кû򣬾͸λƵĳ˾ưɡ
۾
ھ£ܿ˯ȥμСʱ


053 

û°ɣ
Ժ֮Уоں
ǸյСסˣû취۾
üͷ壬ͷϱ鲼ĺ飬ɫԽԽѿ˾æѡ
Σͻͻֱ̫Ѩʵôˣ
˾ҿһֱûѣʲô¡
˶٣û£Ҿ˸Ρ
߽˱ˮɬĺ
Ƴʱ䲻磬˯½ԡҡ
ϴ˸ˮǹƣɢЩ
ȻղͣԺУþòɢȥ
ʮǰعһ޴̰۰
żϴ󱳾𰸼ٳ޷չ顣
ʱֻżҵ൱ḸزŹ
𰸼ͽḸ
ż֪Ḹӹ𰸼żϴ϶ֲ˺á
һݣͨҵıķͼвḸ
Ḹûɿڣӿ˰ٶȡ
żܻõµһСͷĿ
СͷĿûհ죬ǽȥϵһСϲ
С˶
żҵ̨СͷĿ»յԼϣҹˡ
ɽǼԺ
СʲôûУȫ־֧š
ҪιȥʱһСкˮʳ
Щܳŵ
ǰ⽫ԼĳסַСк
ȥԷû
ֱǰһϴμҵ˵ľˡ
ΪЩ£ʧˡ
ΰǡ෴
صƵϴ˸սԴմͷ˯ˡ
һҹΡ
գΰӵٻ
ΰڴϴ˸Ÿͷλ˴
ֱԡңһgˮõϣΰЩ
ϴȥ¥³ͣžĳǰƬ
ΰһ³ͼƬſ˽
˵ԺɫԱĳŵСү
ݼǱԺҪ裡
˭СүҪ˰
ҲһNGʮجˡ

ΰ͵˼һɲԤϮͷ


054 Ӧ
ǿеСүμǶСɣ
ʱ䣬Ǳˡ
ջμҵǶʱ䣬μϲ̼
ҫ˸ָ˶㻨Ǯ
ʱɵ֪μʲô˼˽»ĽԷš
һѧμ˾ͻ˵һ䣺Ҹ磬ϵӣҪչ
ȫǮ˼ҵĺӣһòС
˵·ˣ档
ټΰ׿۸󲿷Ůϲ˵Цֱ۸
˺ҵͱʼǶǼҳ㷹
żϷŽˮ
ڳЩ˾ͻЦ
տʼҷȰԼˡ
ֱһΣƽ䣬ͷ
ΰ޿̣Ǵ
Ǵ׷Եʣΰһ˾ͰǴҽԺ
ȻҲͦصˣ߹ǲ㶼ˣҽԺ²ų
һսҲû˸۸ڱ˵˵
ҲΪ£μҼ˵̡
Щ飬ΰ׸о͸ֻӬƵģθһӿ
ΰʿˮѹǹɶĵĸо߽Ƭܡ
Ŀ֮ΰ߹ȥװʵݣ˭ԺǸɫ
ƫͷ٩ϢǹͨİҶûء
ΰЦЦλԱǺηʥ
ݹص֪ˡ
ΰ׼ѯʣͱԷƣϽȥױҪϽȡ
˵ϣΰҲʣתȥ˻ױ䡣
ΰΪﴧ£ĵNG˼顣
ݼôصذ˺ǰʵСΣ岻𣿡
ΰҡҡͷûУ״̬Ѷѣҵһ¾ͺˡ
ݣУǾ͸Сʱ
ллΰ׾ȥ˸š
ΰûţҸй
˼ΰҹ۲һȦȷûעԼŰӺų˸绰ȥ
ʱʧһϵո˯š
û˯ӣͱһ绰ˡ
֪жôꡣ
üͷһ鲻Ը۾
ùֻΰסӳ
Ļ˲ûˣĵһ˿ϲڴ
ɤӣŽ绰


055 ֱԩ
ΰ״ŭ𣺡Ϊμɷѿİ
ͬһˮ˺һŻΰףҪ̣ܵøʲô
ΰףҪǰɣа
ǾעʣμҪ顣
Ҫ˵֮ûϵСš
ãȻˡ
ͶʣΪΰصӡ֡
ΰ׸Ϊμ
ֱԩ
ܲίڱ⣺Ҳ֪μΪʲôȥǾ飬ҸͶ治Ϊ
ΰЦЦ࣬ࡣ
еĳ֮⣬ж˼ּУȳμϣܲƶԷɣ㲻ҪʲôϿۡ
ϳϣΰĻˣ̲סˡ
Ϊμҽɫ㡣
óɫҲ㡣
ҪҴȵĻ㡣
׮׮ԩ𣿡
һʣ֪ôӡ
֮£ֻܺЩֺ˵ǣǰȷʵˡֲһ᣿
ΰ׹ǣǺǡһЦصˣĴȥɡ
׼ʱȻܹʦȥױ
ΰ׵ͷֱӹ˵绰ųȥ
ٸԼһµɵˡ
źڵĻ͸ƵģĶˡ
뵽Ī˿ںڹ֮ϵμ
ڵ绰ֻܷͨϢѯʡ
ΪʲôҪȥΰף
ʮӣμǱûж
һû˯ǰ˯ûֱΰ׳ѣɽӿʱ
ʵڳŲסˣɴ۾ȥ¡
Ƭΰײױ֮Ͷ˽ŵС
ԼǺһܵԵʣĶ־ˡ
ļϷΰײһһˡ
ڼǰɫݼѪڡ
һϷΰ̱ƬϣһߴŴһ߿飺ݣԺܱܲѴϷһҪˡ
ԣЦЦ٩СеŶ
ʱȻһ
ΰװӣ쳤߿ȥ
üһô
˭ųô󰡡
ݷ·ԺɫԱˡ


056 þò
ΰԭЩ˭
⻰һΰջߣ۾μ˺
ҶչȥʱΰɸƵ̱
ྲкû˼ȥļʵСװףλСүйڣ
ΰͷԺȻðһ䣺þò
⻰ΰʶתͷȥ
˵סˡ
һΰ׻عɴžȣ½
½ͷ˵һЦ̫ûңϲˣ
ΰ׼æϵûУҾ̫ˡ
ӣྲʮֺ档
Ŀתתྲڰʹ£̲סһ䣺ʶ
ͬǸͬѧ
½Ǹ߶ѧתġ
ʱΰ׹Ԯ½ǵһͷˡ
һȥ˾ͳѡ
ϧþ½Ŵ˰ʱ䣬ȥѧˡ
ΰֳ˶
ΰǵãϱ½ΪһλټңⱲôȦ
ѵĺЧӦ
ΰ˼
ʱݲ֪ðСΣ½Сүˣݼã˽¶Ҹо
ΰװ׵˵ҺϸŶ½Сү
½΢΢սһ㶢ΰ׵۾Ǿʦָ̡
ĩˣ½ֵ־ͺá
ô˵ݰһ
磬ҾСʱݣָֻ˾״̬
Ϊ½ûϷľ飬ݾһţȿϷĹ̡
½ӦáڵԹĦ
׼ĿʱǴΪ𺳡
ӡΰǸûʲôڸеˡ
Ͷ뵽еΰףһž˴ĥǰŶĹâ
ôһ˲䣬оԼ඼©˼ġ
½żþö޷Ųߡ
ֱݺˡcut½γѰع
ΰײױƳ½е֣߹ȥһ䣺ôˣ
½޵ΰף
Ⲩֱΰе㺦ߣûôŰɡ
½ûпš
ΰԽ˵Խ˼æһתȥ䣬һֻ𣿡
½ð˵ͽӹֻ
ΰǰŸߣž˴˵绰
½ԥǽ绰ʵλ
İ˵̬ըˡ


057 Σ
˿ǿѹסŭ𣬡˭
ûȶԷڣ׷ʵΪʲôΰ׵ֻ
Щĵ⣬½ɻ󣬡һش֮ǰӦԱš
ڽ£ָֻ߬Ϊ̫ס
ҡĩˣ½ĺѵò⡣
ԣᡱǣֱӹ˵绰
ֻġཡ½һ±ơ
ΰ״ԶԶͿ½ãȻضֻӿŲȥʵʲô
½̧۾˻ֻصղ˸绰ҽˡ
ΰףȻأ
½˭˭
½ΰԺ︡һ˵Ӱ
֮⣬û˸ɵó顣
ΰùֻͨ¼
ǴİĹǵ۶ΰ׸оղŸ绰ˣ˳
ʱ½ֵǸӦúͲࡣ
ΰһֻһ˵֪˭ˡ
½״ɻգգۣ㲻ظ绰
ΰüһƤù
½⻰ûٶʡ
*
Դӹҵ绰ǲŽӵ绰İˣ
ԽԽ꣬ɴߵ绰ʶʲôˡ
ᰣܣΧ̫ˡ
˼һ˵ǾͲġ
Ӧáת߳ܲð칫ҡ
Լ˰Сʱһϻڰ칫˵Ҫ˶ˡ
ףʾ᰿Գȥˡ
ţϷ
һϣüͷ
Ϊ½ϼŵСүȻΰ׵ĸͬѧ
ߴ֣ͬ⡱һ¡
ٿԷг̣Ǻΰ״һϷΣжʱΧ
ֹͷϾҪˣ
һǸ棬ͺӽ֭Ӿ˴ﵽⶼɢֿϢ
УԲ
ǰΰڶų̶ȣǿл½ΰ׿϶
뵽ڰ칫ⲽ
ơ
μ󣬡磬æ𣿡


058 
׻˵ֲЦˡ
μЦӯӯӣֻѹ˼˴ϵķ꣬ʲô£
μ򴽣磬ûȥΰס
ĩˣμְڳС̬ʵǲ˵ʲô
μ˵ãһ˵
˺£ΰײˣһ١
һеĸԴμ
ǳ֮ǰ˵ΰ׷͵䴦μ
ڿҲûе
μľˣ̫֣δԵ塣
ò̾˿
μ̾ϰڳеıʵ磬ôˣ
û¡üģԺΰԶ㡣
Ϊʲôμһʵ
ûΪʲôɫڡ
μоͷӵ磬ǲǺˣ
üͷ壬ʲô
˵ģʲô¶㡣
ԽԽͷˡ
֪ˣ㻹粻Ҫҳŵ
ϣҪʧ
˵μᶼˡ
޵ôòɫˣû˵ʲô
μ̧ͷСʵգμջᣬ㷽𣿡
¶ˣʹӦˡ
μ֪̲ĵû˵ֱˡ
˵ݣμһǰСģﾡǵ⡣
ΪжᶨЭˡ
ΰ׻
ǸЦ
μصңһӨں졣
ǸҪųˣŶ
˭˵أôຢӡ
ɵעˣС󳤵ôƯԶ˻á
μ͹ȥʵ裬ʲô
ӨǵǣǸӣԶ֪ɣ
μͷ֪Ϊǿ˱ؽȥˣ
ӨҪˣɵöԶ㡣
֪μϹӦȴһ󵨵뷨
Զȥ꣬ϳһ
Ҳӱ˿˵Զġ¼
˵ֻҪǱĿģ뾡취ϡ
ˣϲùĥˣͲˡ
ҪΰڶԷҲѲƤ
Զǧ֮ΰ׶ʱ˸硣


059 
½չȥʵΰףǲˣ
ΰ׻˻ԴûУ͵͵Ұɡ
˳˼еûģΰ׾ֱݺȥϷˡ
½ˣǻص£Ħ㡣
ѧϰһ磬½۷ΰ׵ݼ֮£Ϊ˶Էķ˿
չ
ԭ½Ҫٰһӷ硣
˵ɣƬ˶ľ¥ΰ׺ϴȥǼҸڡ
ΰȥǳܵĻ档
úõ飬˲ͱܻˡ
оΰͻȻ½ɻ֮ЩģԷĸ첲ʵ˭㲻ˣ
ΰ̧۾סЦЦֻ˻ûвˡ
оΰײԸ˵½û׷ʡ
˰䣬Ϊ½ûˣʶΰߡ
ֿʼǰλƺΰ졣
½ºֲʧĬ
ûãΰױӾطĲ
һｻһٶ˵⡣
ƳΰͲӶˣ½ͺԾæ˾ơ
һĻУǲʼԲ˵Ĺϵ
иСԱȶûס죬ֱ˵ˣ½ʦʦǲca̸
⻰½ڵһ±ͨ졣
Ⱥ˻Ҫš
½Ӧ·˴˷ܼҲ塣
ʵ
ԽԽ࣬½Ҳ֪ô˵ˡ
ʱΰ׺λ֣½ʦƤǱ۸
Ů˵ྵ˵ʱΰһ䣺õഺ껪ҵ𣿡
⻰һȫʧֱӿˡ
ʵֹʧ½Ҳͦʧ
½ñֳֻƱĬĬ
ǵ컹ҪϷû̫ŵͰ˸ϻȥˡ
һߣμڿ졣
Ŀ澪ˣѧ˺۲ҪܸϼŴɺͺˡ
μԣǾ͸ѽ
ѧЦЦǺֲ죬ôܻӦ
μ󣺡Ǿ취Ϥ
ĩˣּװ˵ǸӷųˣгΪĻ²ġ
ѧԣһԺ
԰Ǹð취


060 
μļ̳ˣȻȥ
Сμı᲻͸Ṇ̀
һΰ׾óˡ
ΰײ̫ϲǳⷽ޿ޡ
˫ˮٵĴ۾ƹ
Զɫӣ϶ᱻΰ׹߲·
ϷϵĶ³ǸΪТ˳ˡ
ֻҪ㶨ԶܴϼЩĿһ
ѧСǰ˵ЩH£͹ȥĴӵļ򣬡ģȥ鷿
μӦá°ڴ壬̧ȸȥ
μǼֻ
ȫ鷿ŵȥ鷿棬ŤŰ֣ƣ¶һ
һ룬˵̸һֲ©˳
ΰȥô
֣Ǹӿεġ
ѵСȥ
ǻΰװɡ
ȷĿѾɣμûȥü۴ЦԼ䡣
ʱով۲ͽΰ׻֪Ѿˡ
ΰͷţ·λƵġ
Ӿ¥ʮ·ΰ׾ĲΡ
Ҫ½Ӧ죬ǵˤʺɡ
ΰӣ½ʵڲġ
صסľƵ½ﲻģͷΰ׻˷䡣
ⲻ֪߽һɲǣоʹӹսǴ̽ͷ
߳ΰ׵ķ䣬ָ
λ˿ûв
գΰżԼϵĹζæȥϴ衣
ֱϴûģŴԡ
׼¥緹ʱֻˡ
һ
ѧü
⡰ĸ׾Ȼ绰ϡ档
ΰ׽绰ɫʵ£
ѧ˿䵭̬ȣЦЦû°ְ־Ͳ㣿
⻰ΰȥƮ£һָŴϵһ˵ûҾ͹ˣҺæ
ѧæգٻɡ
֪ˡ
һҪȻˡ
š
ΰ׹ҵ绰ܸ֮оЩԾ
˵ѧӦöôŶԡ
ͼѧûҪֺɡ
ΰװ˼⣬ɴ಻ˡ
ˮڡ
ء
֪䣬Ȼ
磬ΰ˼٣̤ϻؼ֮á


061 СĻ
ΰ׻صң׼ϢֻͻȻˡ
һİ룬ΰײüͷ
Ǹ˰ɣ
ĸֻҪİ룬ͻʶ뵽Է
ס˼ΰ׽绰òʵλ
Ȼΰ׵ŵҡ
ϳǱߵΰ̲סֹǼˡ
û壬˵ʲô
ΰսԿµûʲô
ţͻһתܱܲٸҴ绰ˣܷ
ΰ˿ûԼ񣬴̼ɫ˼֣Ҳų¡
⻰ΰЦϡ氡˼һţ
ʱĴѾܺܺӦΰ׵ɫ糣ϴҺ˵һμǸ
Ȼ˵۶Ͱʱ䶨ڽ
Σ
ΰر⣺ģ
ʣѵһֱΪƭ㣿
ΰֱӳˣ԰μСĸζ
ʶϣǡ
ΰԣһλ˵Ľ䣬Ҳš
ۿΰԽ˵Խ𾢣ȴĹμ£΢ŴӺųҺðλ÷㡣
СĻӲΰ׵ķۡ
һ룬ԥܾöŷҲˡ
⡣
ȡһʱΰ׹ҵ绰ˡ
û˵ֵӲʻȥ
жƣ֪
ȻΰײŲΡ
ʱæϷڲʰμ
˭룬ôϲ
ر֪μ֪ϢʲôӦ
μǸӣƻڷˡ
ΰײ¶һ롣
ʵϣμƿڴͬʱ˷İڼ
ķˣ
ȻҪȥΰǸ˵Ǹ
Ҳΰ𣡡
ˣǼˣ

ⳡáʮӡ
ֱμˣŲòͣ
ˣμǺ壬˿ƽĹɡ
񣬷·ŻĶߡ
ţμͨѶ¼һ뷢Ϣ
˵ĶҪЧǿ֡
Ǹүӱ壬ҩһʧ֣˵׼ͻΰס
ǳϷڴ


062 Ǹı
μĵúС
ڽҪȥΰ׵ǸжɢЩ
ʱΰ׸о쬵ģ˶һ
ѧ쳣ı֣ΰײ²ջǺ硣
ΰһ벻ͨ
ûпõĶμΪʲôҪô̡
ʣΰ׻ң硣
ӻΰס
뵽ܿμӣΰ⻻۵·ѹ׵ˮ¡
μ¾ûÿ
⸱һμӦûɶ⡣
ֱΰȥǰ˻
ȷûһ˿ŷĵ˳ȥ
ΰȥǼ˽˹ſڣԱԶԶƼӭȥ롣
¶ɻ󣬷Ա͵ǰԸ˵ġ
ΰԣŷĸŷԱ߽ȥ
¥ͷԱͣ½Ų˸롱ƣת뿪ˡ
ΰƿţֻμ󣬻кǳǼˣʱһĨ⡣
һֱ˵ĵǸֻڳ
û뵽ԷȻ˱ˡ
ѵμʧˣ
ΰƫͷɨһμ
Ŀԣμн磬֮ǰұģһʱ˲ŻѺ㣬Բ𡣡
ΰȫûμɴǸ
˵μӦò鲻ԸһûҩŶԡ
׻˵³
ΰ׺Ѳ롣
μԼ˵꣬ΰײûиӦ̲ס˵һ䣺磬ôӦûԭҰɣ
Ϥĵΰ˲ع˫ֱ˻ȥҲԭͲ£
μ˱죬ƫͷҲ˼
ʮʱ˭⡣
㿪μߡ
ΰЦ
ۿŻҩζԽԽŨæԲ
ǳԷɣٲԾҪˡ
ԶԶԣ˶˺þˡ
ΰûΪǣ˳ӳ
ϣΰײŵȥμҡ
սȥûãѧʹ˹
Ϸ˺Ҵү
Ȯӣΰס
ΰ׳òǴ˸к
Ϸ˿ʵϲ
ٿԶЦݣΰ׶ĵøҹҪ³ˡ
һߣμȥҪģҩӽȥ
ȷϿ⣬μһӶˣ͸Ҵүΰס



063 ⣬м 
μⶣҪˡ
Ӷ˵ͷķֽ࣬ķҲࡣ
ҪߵʱμȻ£ˣҺһȥ
ߵμ̧һɨͲ׽˵Ӱ
ΰ׳ڣԶ⡣
Ұ޵ϣȺпν൱ۡ
ߵǼԶλãμλʾӶȲҪȥ
ʱѧϷڹ۲Զ
еⶼҪˣλŰѿռǡ
ѧǰΰһĶ̫࣬ǿҪдˣְдλ𣿡
ΰ׻ܡ
ȷʵܶࡣ
д£ѧȷʵû˵ѡ
ƳһֱԼԶΰӦûš
˼ΰӦҿʱдҲ̫á
ѧԣȰΰ׺ŪȥʹӦҪ󣬡á
ТһĻУǷ׷׷ֹ
˵μλӺͼϵһ㣿
ڿõĺ
Ųð
һʱ䣬μʹϵ˴
ΰע⵽ЩߣЩꡣ
ƫƫʱԶͻȻһ䣺˶ԻʲôҪ󣿡
ΰʲôϵĪ
ԶʱҪģҪ
⻰ΰָŴԵλʵλǲǻ֢
Ҫǹ˼ԶǿˣΰʶԷǲв
ûʮѪ˨϶˵Щ
ȻΰΪ˵ùίˣԶɲȻŭң
ŷ·ҪԶΰʵûסһ޴İۡ
Ȼ˺û취ġ
ȥǵñԶ̲ɡ
ΰ¡ʧ㡱֣Ҫ߽档
תһɲǣԶۼֿذקס
ĿⴥΰԲ̵ͦβԼϸֱĳȣԶʶ򴽣һаĹ⡣
ΰע⵽ز˶Էһš
ԶʹΰײŽ첲˻
Զһǰסΰ׵ȥ·вμһ벻Һˣ
ΰˣԷתһȥ
Ҫߣڰй۲μ˲ŶĵӶ˹ȥɫסΰףЦ磬ôͿ˳ˣ
ΰûлش⣬ȻˣǾдɡ
μԣʹ˸ɫʾӶǰסΰ׺ȰдԣôɣȻȥΰ
ΰ׿֮ǰμġ
һݸΰףһݸԶ
ţҲûмϵģٱЦ٣ҸʱƢе㱩꣬ϣ㲻Ҫƽϡ
Դ֪ʶȤˣԶаġ
μ˵꣬Ļһû˴롣
дžǿΰףԶʼЩ͡
ǰˣٶԱڵΰףڴ
ΰƢڴ϶˼
뵽ԶʿˮڶԷϵĿֶ˼ֳԡ
ԶһǰɫЦζôƽϡ
ԶɿˣμȥȰΰס
磬پƣ¾㷭ƪˣ𣿡
֪ˡ
ΰֻˡ
μ飬ĵûоܾ
ΰޱ˵˾䡰ǸͷȵǱġ
ĩˣΰ׷תӡ
һĶûˣɫʵ𣿡
ΰôˬ죬Զáźȹġ
μĿĴɣɤ۵ܷŻȥ
ΰ״ʱμͳֻĻ磬ְָոҷϢ˵£ҹȥһ𣿡
ΰüͷżֲͷڵ绰˵
μǵµ绰˵
ΰףаɡ
ˣҲôʱ䡣
ʣԶ˵ʲô
Ҫμ֮вͰЩ껨ǮȥٺǶϾϵǡ
ߵ¥ΰ׷ûˣʵأ
μ󣺡ְֻںͿ죬ڵȼӣϾˡ
׽ΰľ裬ΰ޺Цݣһģš
μô˵ãһ˵ΰ׾͸о}ûš
Ҫ֪صμ쿪ʼûôƽദ
ʱƣΰ׷ԼʼͷΣϸŻƵģȡ
⣬мˣ
ʶ㣬ΰ׼æҪؼҡ
μæס磬ְϾˣҪȥģ
ΰ֪ƴѳȥĿԺС˵μ󻹻Ằ˿
μɾ裬㡣
ΰ״⣬˳ƿμϣװҪιȥʵܷܲһطһ£ͷΡ
μľ⡣
ΰȻûвӦĵ
оμûģΰװ˿ͬʱ۾װ˹ȥ
ʵϣûн۾ȫϣһ۲μ
ֻμιȥ󣬲ûڵһʱȥȸ˷Ϣ
ΰѾιȥˣԶôˣ
ѾӦˣڰȥ𣿡
ȲҰΰ״ط䣬ٸ㷢Ϣ
ˣμֻΰ׵ҵҪ˽㻹ô
μЦЦΰ׵ĸ첲Լϡ
ƽʱȱμʹ˳̵ľŰѡιȥΰ׷
ΰ״˵˼⽫ȫμϡ
ƽʱ߸ӵ·̣Ӳߵӡ
߽ʱΰұߵĿڴ
һ֧ںСķǵ
԰˵ΣΣա
ΰ֮ԻΪϱӲ㱻ĳȶ˵Ƭ
ʱʼŶС¼ʡ
ԷͻԱûС
óǵ߬ģΰֱһӡ
еμˡ
Ȼ۶ԷۣʱȥԽã͸оԽԽȣǹɻ·Ҫˡ
սپ
Ȼһ룬ٵΣվͶһ֡
⣬ΰ׿ʼѰҶֵʱ
μڴ֮ԹԵ˵˻
ҲĺҪ־͹вҵλá
ҪԶϣΪϢˣ϶ܶಹ
һҲΪˡ
ܼҲܻҪˡ
ҰѽƵųȥ͸ƵĶһӰɡ
˵һѣμЦ˺þãűϢ
ԼΪȫûвԵʣμȫ̶ûлͷ
ΰ׾Ǹûᣬס˹ȥ
μ޷£ǵסԷļ
μע⵽ˣæת



064 ֮֮ 
μûüжΰ׾Ѹײڶ֮¿ء
һ룬ʧȥڵϡ
ΰ׼ڵϵֻμָƿ
΢ţԶ͵Ϣΰ׼æߡ
תһ룬μöԷʳζǰ
ΰͣ½Ų˾ţ֮Žʡµμϴ
ĩˣΰ״򿪴ͷƣվڴǰϸһ
μֹҲơ
ΨһñȽϴľߡ
μ֡
ûжԱȵ£Ӧù۲첻
뵽ΰŹصͷƣȥ
ҩЧʱԽԽǿңΰڳͷΣ֫Ҳ
Ϊ˱ѣΰ͵ҧסꡣ
ܿ죬ѪҺеζ
ΰ׵Դһ١
ܴߵźΰ׼ȥʱһԶĽŲ
ãμˣ
ӽŲжϣˡ
ζμ˲
ڵ״̬һֲֶ˺ã˵˿ֹܲ
ۿǾҪŽΰ׼æɨӷİ裬ҪѰһ֮
ĿⴥԶ¹۾ᡱ
¹ŲԶʱҪҲ㡣
¹һ룬űƿ
ա
ΰ׾óһ
ͬʱΰĬĬ
ǧҪƣ͵μӹһˣ
үˣЩûпƣ˾ʹҴȥ
ꡪ
ģֻԶаԼ˺
С˶~
Ƥ滬ۣǮ˼ġ
ֵˣٺٺ١
ۿ߾ҪƼˣΰײ뱻ⲻݱ͵͵ߵ뷨
ΰţںȾ״̬£Իƽʱͺܶࡣ
οԶæţӦöͶĳϡ
£ֻҪһ㣬ԷӦ÷ֲ
Ԥ˷գΰױ㽫ƻж
¹ţſ̽ͷȥ
ִϵѾһţϵ·ӵ䡣
ɳһ輸һɼսж༤ҡ
ΰװզ֮࣬Ѹٴ¹˳ȥ
ǰΰ׻ͷһۣһֱڿ״̬¼ͳ¹תǴİڼϡ
ȷ¼ʲᱻ֣ΰèȥ
˷䣬ΰ׽õ񾭷֫һӾˡ
Ӧ죬ʱǽϣûˤȥ
ǹɲǿЩΰֻܱԼǰߡ
뷨ǴҸ䣬ҧҧ̹ȥˡ
ߵ¥תǴλʱǡһ¥
ʱΰڵҩѾȫֳˡ
ŵ˵оԼ¾͸˻Ƶġ
Կһ̣ΰ׷·ɳĮȱˮҵޣ붼û˹ȥ
ż⣬§סĲӣڶԷĲ
èһ͵˼ڲ̧ͷˣ㰡~
룬ϴ죬Ҳߵòʶ˲Ծ㱻/ҩˣ
˵£ΰ׸ոմڵ״̬ǻָˡ
ΰǵ˵ͷָҴ¥Ŀͷ
ô¡
ΰ׵̵ˣֻʱЪ˼
Աΰ¥öԷͬ£һû˵Ŀշ䡣
ΰ׷ڴϣתȥš
ʱΰ״һ߳·һߺ󣺡ˣҺȡ
ãѸʵҪæ𣿡
ΰæȻҪ
ǰͻ·ˡ
ڲ֪ô£ﾹȻԥ
ᣬ˴ᱧ𣬴ȥԡҡ
šˮĿأΰ׷ԡﰲˮѹһѹȥҩ
ΪһʱйС
ǴοʼͶⷽر
֮⣬׼Щҩ
˵ȫҩԣٲ˱ƵĶ
ȥ˸绰᰺ܿҩ͹ʵܣ𣿡
û£ΰ¡
뵽ΰ׻ڱĥӹҩԡҵķߡ
ʵϣΰײûôܡ
ˮ֮ǹҪɵڵõ˿ơ
ڵȽ֯һ𣬴̼ΰ̲ס˸
ΰŽǲҪԡ׶ȹʱˡ
ΰ̧ȥֻһСƿӣһðˮ
ûѯʣͰҩˮ˹ҩˡ
ΰ׹ԹԵذҩˣʵڻ𣿡
֪ܲʲô˼ʵһ㡣
ܲԼ·
ΰ׵ͷӦÿԡ
ţȥ·
ȵȣ
μԶＤս
ȥ·϶ײεĳ档
Ұμ˽⣬Է϶ֻǸ/ҩô򵥡
⣬ȻϷҪ
ôһȥ϶μļƻ
ΰײŹμ󣬾üͷ˵ܡ
μõװǿޣΰѧżᡣ
ΰôһޣҪȥ·¡
ۿΰͣæԡǰ£ǹʵܣ
ΰףһǾúȡ
ԣΰ׵Ķͷ
¶ȷʵû½˼۵׵ĵǶҪˣѵҩ㲻ã
⻰ΰײûסЦ
ɵˡ
ǿҩֲɵųȥһӡ
ǲ㽺ҿӶûأôôá
ΰԽЦԽŨ
ʵڱﲻסˣͽԡױԵסǣͷ͵͵Ц˼£˶
һĻԶݱΰܵı֡
۵ýɴ˴ԡ̳ضҴȥҽԺ
оͷˣΰ׼æ̧ͷȰ𡣡
ӦôңΪǺȥҽԺͱ˱׾£ֻǴȥ壬롣
ΰףҲǺ´롣
ǣ㲻¡һ߰һߡ
û¡оûţΰײֽһ顣
˾šΰǷ´롱˺üء
ʱϵʪ·ѾȫԷѵˡ
ΰ׵ɴ۾ðˣղתҵעΪ·ǰɣ
ùһë̺¹ʵʵ
ȷϲͻȻɢ֮ŵ֣ұȥ
ΰһ⻰æץסͷϵӣˣҲҪȥҽԺûμĺϷôܾôˡ
СԸϵΰף
ڼ䣬ΰ׵Ȼˣ˸į
ǱӴϰˡ
˳ȥ
ߵ¥ʱΰ׺ȻһǱߴ



065 ʳ 
ΰ붼룬֪μŵġ
䲻Զиչҡ
ڷѧղصĹŶֻ
ÿμٰᣬѧ˹͡
ҫ֮࣬˳չʾ
μŵһƱػᾪչˡ
Ϊ˻ٵԷɷѿİ
μҪʳˡ
ƳչͷܶһȥΰǺ¡
ҪΧ۵ľ
ס˼ΰ״ļָӵҹȥ
üͷһ˿ͬȥҽԺ
ΰͬʱвҪǲҹȥҾԼȥ
ĩˣΰױšһƸһ桱뷨ֽǴҷﴫģܵȥô°ɡ
˵ϣҲþֻܾܱΰ׹ȥˡ
ΰżȥϷȴƣͺעĿ
ûɺϷ˵٩
ΰףܶãô붼Ҫߡ
ܸͥܲ·
׼İûж翼һҸļС羰Ư
ۿԽ˵ԽףΰʵмܲסⲨƣֻ
յʾ
˼״׷ױ졣
ѧϹʱλȺΰףǻɻ
֣Сǰʱ䲻˵ΰΪ̫ľګ˻ģǵᷳͱ˦ˡ
ΰ׷úܡ
ѧ˳˼
ûãٴ
βͬϴεʵ˺ܶࡣ
ΰ룬ǻķӦӦǷ˲ԡ
ΰ׼ָȥʱȴѧһ˷䣬еʲô
Ӷ˲֪ôش𣬷׷ױֳĬ
ѧѯʣȻϵľȥ
ֻμһ˿ȫɫӡӣǵڰƤϸԡ
֮䣬вҺ塣
ʼٸԶһԣ졣
ֱߣżι״ߡ
ǰһУѧסͻȻסѼӣû
Σѧعĳĵһ뷨
Ϊ˱ȫμ棬¾Բš
ϧѧ뷨עҪˡ
̤뷿䲻ãкʢ˸˽ȥ
ľ󾪵ס
һʱ䣬Χ൱΢
֣ΰһֱҪȥֻܱŶԷ߽档
Ŀⴥϵˣ뵽ﱻҩĵΰףͫһ
Ҫΰûܳ
뵽ɱ˵Ķˡ
ʱΰ׿ѹ͵𣺡֪ô𣿡
۾֪
ΰ׹ǣЦЦһ䣺¡
⻰Կ϶ΰ֪Щʲô
ûʣΰֵȥ¹תǵλá
һɻ󣬵հ졣
˵עμǱߣûע⵽Ķ
ȥΰ˵λãʲôͼΰװڼ
˼£ΰ״ͳһֻ¼ʡ
μıΰ¶ԷΪμ¼ʣæغá
ЦôַѾŽס
Ҫ¼ʣҪһˡ
뵽ΰ߬¼ʵֶ˼֡
˷ԼЩˣҾôֵΣ
ΰʼ磬̯μ£˭֪ء
ʱ֪˭
˲ع
ϵȽϺõĿһѣһϿһۡ
ѧΪǼĿð
֣˵ܱСӣ
СӺӳô˵׼ʹˡ
ܣΰ׺һء
ȥҺڼ֥鶪ϣɵӲô
μЩܷչôѸ٣ٲҵ֧֡
ЩѧУ̼ˡ
Щ˶̽ͷѧֻӲѹ»˼Ǽе˽Ҫᵽ˽
ѧҲŲߡ
ת֮ʣμˡ
ʹϮǶĻ䡣
㱻ԷϢУμ־־壬̲ס˸
Զ/
һҪᱨȥ
΢侲Щŷַ˺ܶˡ
μ󾪵ôһհףʶ£ϵıӺȥ
ΰ׺Ц۾μ޵öˣˣ㺦ң
⻰һ˷׷ͣ½Ų
̽ζĿ⣬ΰ׺μϡ
ֻΰЦһûء
ϵķѾ˼ƭһСǧټƸ/ҩ
Ҫҹڴϵ˾ˡ
㻹иңҪɣ
ΰһͨףμֱɵˡ
μȫûΰ׻°̨
ϾΪμҵһӣ¶Ҫ˼μ档
ͻȻ䣬䵱ⱳˣ/ҩμ󣿡
ΰ׵ͷüʵţ
ûлش𣬶תͷֱμ۾Ϊʲô
֪ԭźý⡣
⼸μУͬźš
ȶٱôֱ̼ˣƹˤȻΪۣ
˶٣ЩɬȻ㺦ɣ
ۿѾˣμɴͷдʵԶϵΪһ룬ôܽк
ΰЦҰˣϽллҰ
˳ûпԶôǳˡ
ߵ˲ΰ׶μƲƲô㰡
仰μ·˲β͵èһӰθ࣬Զʲô˼
ԶôμҸף˵ˣ
ǿ˵ˣΰס
㶥ʲô°
ȻμͦÿΰǰͶμûȤ
뵽Զ쳤Ѱΰ׵Ӱ
ΰױڻԶɵˡ
μ״ùͷϵİڼþȫԷλá
һ룬ɱĲҽ쳹䡣
ΰװզ࣬ȻƳһۡ
Աμֶͦõġ
ûҪѶԷˡ
ע⵽ΰ׵ٿҽвͣԶоһ
ʱμȻְ֣ΰװҺģμҸϳȥ
ΰԣûԸֻֿŵı飬ЦЦ߿ԣðҵĶ
μңûùĶ
ΰסһȻҾͰһ¡
ǰҽӻ꣬Ҵһ
岻ͬһ㳤ɽ϶ɵġ
ɺ׿ʯ࣬Χơ
»ŰɫСӡ
˵ôӦ˰ɡ



066 ־ 
μȻǵ
Ϊĸϲ鱦Σ˵ǴСͶĿȾ
ټ϶ʯȽϸȤʱȥѧϰ֪ʶ
ΰ׻ؼ죬μɨһۣͱԷϵĳˡ
ɫôõĺ˵ǼֵǶΪ
μ󵱳ռΪеͷ
ΰ׸ջؼңڵһжμ˼졣
Ȼ⼸ʱμûţһֱڰ۲ΰ׵оֹ
ΰ׺ܺͨӲʩֶΣɹõ˳
ڶ죬μһ硣
μǵãῪʼӣȥһˡ
ʱμҸڵ۶վȽŸμµˣֻôӦˡ
μ˰棬ѹȸʶͷЩʧ
ơ
ָû
μԴȥ
ֻ˫ָ޳ɳࡣ
ڵƹӳ£Ʒϼѵ֬͸ӨĹ⡣
ƣһӲĿס
μϳˣλ̽񻰡
ʮ꣬ŷһĿɹΪſг
ڽѧҵ֮࣬ŶĴչҵͼ
ʱ䣬ֹǰѧѧҵƾ輸Ŀ˳̳ͨ˿飬ʽּš
֮Ӻ޽ΪʲôҪأ
μƲ֮ʣڿˣ˭ģ
μ룬˸˵ǣһ͵ġ
⻰ǿסˣʵʲôʱ͵ģ
μԣﰵֹ
ôѵǳԭˣ
ˣԭɻΰΪʲô˹صĶ
͵ģһж˵ͨˡ
ҪƲûΰ׺֮ЩԨԴ
նԷڵı֪ΰ״ģԺ϶չΰס
һΰ׶ûʤ㣿
УΰԭһУ
μһѣصҺСʱ򣬾弸ǲˡ
ǻ岻ãĸ˵ͩиҽͰ͹ȥβ
ҰְֺѵļǣҾǸ̼סˡ
μ֮ͷװʵʲô
ҵˡǼ
ʵμһ̣͸оԼҶˡ
ԭμڵĳСʱ𲻴
Ψ۾̫һ
μɹð˾˵ݡ
ұӻֹμӺùμҵҲ÷ˮ
̶̰ʱ䣬μҾʹʽСɫɺ֮㡣
μΪµܹܱȥһӡ
û뵽ྐྵȻڽ챩¶
޲۾μ󾪵ɪһ¡
ŭݵ¶Է״̬
Ʊǰƽ
ΰ׷Լ˵꣬μûȴĲװ
ܳףΰ̲סԷ̵ֻûҵĶ۸һ
ΰײ֪¡
Ƴ򦣬ͣɢ͸յɾƵģΪԷμ
ΰ׷ǳˬͽڻ׼С
ҧҧסؿͬ˷ͣŭ𣬲ǡ
ԣΰ׾е֣㲻Ǳ̼ɵ˰ɣ
ûлش𣬶ǴȺߵߣֱֱμ۾ƭң
֣μоһɺ
һʱ䣬μ׹ߣɪɪ
ӵĿ⣬μûñ߱һˤͷһ߿źҾƭбɱҰ
μ£˷׷׵һ
˾㵵ĿУμɤҪ־͹ԼҸ˶Ҵ
ۿμҪѧһǰסԷ졣
ĩˣѧعͷЦвֺãСܵĴ̼̫ˣԲŻڲԣ㲻Ҫƽϡ
Ƥޱ鿪ڣڲԣҿﻰŶԡ
ѧʮΣŬؾôϣһĻ᣿
ȶһúõǸ
ˡԥܾ
ѧȵĿУҲѹסŭ𣬡μƭң͵óе׼
Щ꣬Ǵ˶ٺôȫҷ³
ҪǲʶȤͱҲˡ
⼸仰ͱΰ˳ȥ
ΰȫһãȻֱڳŻعҵĶûõ
סȥҽԺ壬ٴ
ΰ룬ƻе֣ͣˣðɡ
ʱȷʵͬΰԤϵһ
ǰŸߣ̫̫о鲻Ծһ̶˶¥
Զڵϴ»Ѫ̫̫໡һȥغСԶ˭ģ
ҪԶڰҶҪΪء
̫̫ƣԷƽԵ·˭һɧ
㿴ҿ㣬һǰæĶûС
һ̫̫û֨ͰĿͶͬû·μϡ
μ˻ȥʲôܺҵǿ/鷸
⻰̫̫͵˹ȥðС꾫㹴ǼСԶȻˣ
ҪҼСԶʲô£ҷԲ˶߲ɣ
̫̫ϷͬʱҲûš
գ۵Ĺ򣬾μӳ˼ӡӡ
Ҫ֪μľ
ΪԼԶϵ˺þã̫̫ϡ
μʲ̧첲̫̫˼ơ
İ𣬾˷׷׵ɴ۾п
μ̫̫Ҵ
̫̫Ҳôġ
ڴ֮ǰôû뵽ԼᱻһСȰƣҴң
μǣ̫ţΪ˭㰡
⻰ֱ̫̫ȥμ۾
·ͻȻμ㣬۾ôˡ
һ룬ʹ
Լʲôˣμֺҵ۾
̧ȥֻμֻ۾ѪƤΧҲץѪģʶһ
ţ̫̫ʮüˣսȻôǿǲˡ
ѧ״æȥƿ̫̫Сôˣ
μ־־壬ץסԷĸ첲ְ֣ҿˣ
ѧԴ£ְʹȥҽԺ
Ҫߣ̫̫Ѹٴӵſ첲סȥ·ҪǲҸ˶ߣ
ѧżֱӽһƿ˶ԷЪ˹ĺУ˳ȥ
ⳡ־ʱĻ
֪̫̫ؼ֮󣬿϶ͣ
⣬϶еء



067  
ΰ⣬ܴȥĹҽԺ
µ˽ҽԺԶϵ̫ãΰʲô⣬ųѡ
뵽ؼиҽԺⲻԶ͸ǳٴ˵绰ȥ
绰һͨǼеϺأϵһ±ǼҽԺҪΰ׹ȥ顣
ǳԣ̧һʱ䣬ЩʵڶʮһˣôʱȥҽԺ壿
һʱ˵壬ȼٺ˵
Ϲȥ
ŵϵζǳ˷
ҵ绰һ·
ҽԺǱߣ˳ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲڸҽԺ
ļٵΰλҪĴˡ
ţſ˯
ע⵽ˣΪΰҪιȥˣæƶԷʵΰף㻹𣿡
ΰҪ˯ȥȻ͵ѣ඼©ġ
ؿڣΰû磬ûʲôµģôһƣҶҪˡ
ԺҪ𴲣鷳ķʽ
ʡѹˣҲûһ롣
ΰһͨȫ̶û֨Ե÷·ѵĴ󹷣е㲻ϰߡ
ʶô꣬ûԷôɵӡ
ۿԼ˸įΰ׸ɴ۾˯ȥˡ
ΰһ·˯ҽԺ
ͣҽԺſڣ˿ûΰףԷղ˵ЩΪѵľء
룬ѡһеİ취
ƣܿ˰ɡ
ΰԺ֮Уоںüͷ
ҹҲ±
ˣ
ΰס䡣
״ּӴһΰףѡ
ΰʵܲˣò۾лأ
Щίҷΰס
ΰ׷޶ͷ뿪ȥȴѡ
ֻڿ㣬̺Ӹ߲·
̲סﰵ
̫Ļˡ
֮ǰ·
ΰ׾᲻ʱƵģƿȥ˫ۣұȥ
˿ڣΰ׵˵ͷлл
ԣɬ֮䲻ô
ΰüǿãϾҺֻǰιϵ
Ҫȴֲ֪η
Ϊΰ˵ʵ
ΰ׷Լ˵ֱܴ꣬Щ֡
˽ô£
֮ǰڣָСϱƵġ
μ˹Ĵ̼̫ӻ˰ɣ
ΰսԿ׼ò̽һ£ͼǳٳ˹
ܿ죬ǳپܵǰ磬ôȥ
˶٣ΰףһԲҽԺ
ΰ׽ҽ˵ԷĻǹʵò飿
ҽƱϵ۾ɨһҪĿҪСʱ
ʿΰ״ߺȵǽϣ׼ΰ׳
ǳټʯƵģզ֮Щ⡣
Ҫΰ׷ҲôŰɡ
ƣΰǰֱһް
ǳ벻ͨɴ¥̣˳ĸǮ졣
Ƶʱ򣬾ӦС
ȥ¥£
ҽԺòû͡
£ʵأ
ǳͳ̺ʹݹȥ
ͬʱǳ쳣ûԷȥȾơ
ȻҪԼȥ
ȡһ̵֧ֵĸӣͷ˹ȥ
Ĺϣʵƽ˼Ƿϡ
̵ȼһڣ۾˳
ظüֱһû˴룬ֱʵҪʲô
ǳ뿪ڣ΢ʾȴ
㿪һҶ۷ġ
μԶ˯ˣϽԹϣ
ϢϢһƬ
ǳٴɨۣ͸оԼ۾ҪϹˡ
ƳһƵǳٲ뵽ϡ
̽һ䣺磬鲻ǲΪμ󣿡
˵μ뵽ԼԷƭô꣬ɫѿ
̻ң˵һ룬鲻òΪ¡
ǳ٣òǣȻҲ̫ˣһҪΰ׷һֶμ
ĩˣǳֵһֱãϲеƫ
̧۾ɻ󣬡ʲô˼
ǳ°ͣ΢˵˵Լϲμ󣬵Ҹоûռ㶮ġ㿴񣬴
оǲ⣬ǳٸɴ˵ֱһ㣬ٸӣμ/𣿡
ҡͷ
ǳ٣پٸӣ·ΰϣ
붼û룬
ǳԣֵ̯̯㿴ǲ𡣡
š˰ﵽףͷ͵ԭ򣬺ǳټǰΰ̸ʲôġ
Ȼ˼ҷÿΰ˴Է˸˵仰Ҫ̻Ƶġ
Ҹ˵Ҳΰ̫ϲ㣬ƮҲűˡ
Щ˾þõĳĬС
ǳ˵ûԴΰףǳ׼˶Էϲ
˭룬ΰǸԸ˹ϵˡ
ϲʱܰ죬ϲʱͰȵص¡
ô˵ΰ׶ûлͷ˼
ΰĺã͸оϺѹ˿ʯصÿҪˡ
ֱûл
֪ΰûдʱһ
ʱΰѾ˯ţߺǳ֮󣬾ͻزҹȥˡ
ڴߣΰ񾲵˯գǸѹ
ΪǷôһοԺΰ׹һϡ
ѹΪ˽´ξͲ֪ʲôʱˡ
˺þãҪΰס
¾ѶԷʱٱϳȥ
֮£ֻ˶ΣΰԲָ⡣
գΰһ۾ͼڴߣһҹ
ԷûѣΰײΣŵƿӣ׼ȥ䡣
˫Ÿոŵ֮ʣȻȥģ
ΰ׻عͷɤӵ䡣
ȥɡ˿͵ͺá
ΰ״ҽԺѾ׼ͣҲ·˹
Թͣΰ׵ǿҪ£һǰμҡ
ΰȥóҲҪμ㡣
ԼһСʱͣμұſڡ
ΰ׸߽ȥͱһеӶסүҵ˴ˣ취
⻰ΰ˷ܣĳȥ
ΰһͱǰľ󾪴ˡ
ֻμҼ˶סˣ̫̫һμȰһʵС꾫㲻Ǻ𣿡



068 μ 
ΰױϻˣδ⼸Ǳӡ
Ҫ֪һĿƽߵľǣ桱֡
ڲǱɳϣǱ̫̫ȶ⡣
׵øͷƵμΰǻ⡣
ڳ⣬ΰֻ̫̫ź
㣡
㣡
ܰСã
̫̫
Ĭһִ̫̫֮ͨ˼֡
μҪ֫ҵıοסˡ
£μֻ̫ܿţһҪȥͳͳץ
̫̫Цбȥ浱ûˣ
ĩˣ̫̫һ˵Ҹϣķ
ӦáϷƵĴӶͳĨ
ţסμ򦣬ʹòſ죬ȻĨȥ
μôȱˡ
Ŀȫΰʵˡ
ƳǱֻ¼ƵΰײЩơ
μų̂ΪʲôôŰ
ΰײ֪ϢٶȱȦҪ졣
ųСʱȦͷ˼ҾͶ֪ˣӽշμҡ
ʵЩһֱμңǿҵϡ
ƾѧǵϲ̨ı£Ȧӵżš
ۿμʧȥ̣Ȼû˹˼ɡ
ΰ׶һĬĬԹڼ䣬û˹ֹΪû֡
ʵϣ̤һҵ˾Ѿע⵽ˡ
֮ûΰףΪ˼
֮£ѧûô֪ʶȤˡ
˫ֱڴϣȫûгֹ˼ѧôӵۣɤΰףɵ𣿶֪æ
ΰԣЦлһ䣺μμң
ѧҭסƬְֲ̣ôġ
ĩˣѧֻҪúæְ־ת5%ɷݸ㡣ϼʲڣ5%ɷڣͲΰܲġ
ձϻΰ׻Ķ
ڵΰײᡣ
һ⼸꣬ԷתǮˡ
֮⣬Ѷû޵ĸ
ΪǮϲͺˡ
ѧڴĿУΰ׺ԥܾˣԼŰɣҲҪ
ѧסǲ˼飬֪֪ǶǮ
ΰʼ磬һν֪Σ
оװģѧΪܹòԼŵ̬ΰף͵ְ˺𣿡
ҴСȥҽԺ飬ҽ˵۾˲ˡ
̫̫ȥСпܻʧ
ô˵ĵܵܣ㲻ĺݵ֮ɡ
˵ϣѧòˡ
˭룬ΰײûɿڣ̬Ȼ֮ǰЩҪ/ҩҿɵ𡣡
ΰ׻£ɫȥѧһЦ
βѧã
ʱ߽ԹԵſŵ£ѧԵıڣſ
ʶҶү
õԷ϶ɿѧ
ѧָɣһ֮ǰ΢̬ںΰףȽϺҼǸǡ
ûΰȥȷ棺ע̬ȡ
ڶΰױúܣѧæЦֻڿ˸Ц
״ѧΰס
֪ΰ׺ͼ˹ϵһ㣬û뵽ô
ǰôΰףڵʱأ
ԽԽܣѧϵĿⲻɴϼŭ
ѧ⡱һ£æתƻ⣺С𣿡
̫̫ԣֶ˶١
λҪС꾫ٴȥҪԼǻ
뷨Ĳֹҵ⼸ˡ
˵¾Ѱˡ
ʱǣġ
˵ˣЩ˶ٺôøҷ³
кõ嵥
˵꣬óһϵݹȥ
ѧŲϣʱ䡣֮ЩǮҾԶȡˡ
⻰һֹμҼɵˣҵ˶ɵˡ
Ϊʵ̫ˡ
νҲˡ
һʱ䣬ڳ˶ֶ˼ּɵ
ΰס
ΰ̲ס롣
ôСĸζܺݳأ
ֶǸӺ
뵽ʱִΰ亹Ҫˡ
ȵ·ƪһҪԶԶġ
ʡù쿴˳ۣˡ
ס˼ΰСʵ˵𣿡
ĬĬͷ
⸱ӣΰ׸оԷĪɣ
һ룬ΰ͵ػλԴ
ǷˣȻɡ
ɫֱ䣬æ߹ȥǹʵ㲻𣿡
ΰףûС
Ƴúܽΰ̲סԱŲŲ
״ʧ䡣
ٴչȥΰ׵ĵִ
ΰɤӣֱ⣺μ󣬶ǲķ䣿
Ǿ͵ͷǾҡͷ
μվһٶڲֹ۾۵Ҳ졣
ΰ˵ʲôò
ϳΰ׵
뵽ԼǱģȫΰ׿ˣμޱȱ
ˣ챻סˣȥѵΰףȴˡ
ҪǣǰһƬʲô
μֻᡣ
ΰ׸оʲɴת̤¥ݣԼȥμ󷿼ҡ
ˣҲĵطƨƵĸȥ
ʣˡ
̫̫ѵˣ׼ձ绰Ȼ
óһӴġ
绰̫̫ûüڣǱ߾ͼ̣ҪȢμ󡣡
̫̫˶٣Щ⣬㲻ǲϲ𣿡
˵£ԶһӱģҺò˵ҵȻҪߣҹҹĥйߡ
̫̫ԥǸϹӣ˵ȥඪ˰
⻰ԶɭɭЦϹãܲˡ
ôֻ֣̫̫ܴӦμҡȻôҪͰס
̫̫ҵ绰ƫͷѧ˵μңҾͲǼƽˡ
ԭ˵õĿҲμҲ
ǾÿԣôʦѡһƵա
ѧǧ㣬û㵽ᳯⷽչ
̫̫˵ЩͦĶġ
ǱûϷˣС޵ҵĻ൱ڸҸ¿ɽ
룬ƺܲ
һȨ⣬ѧӦˣҾʹ˽Ϊؽ֮á
μ⻰챻ԶϢУͻȻ͵˱ڵǯơ
ժĨ֮μѭײײܵѧǰһѱסԷĴȿ޺ְ֣ҲҪ޸Զģ



069 μľ 
޵ôңѧ⶯֮ġ
⵽С۵Ķӡ
Ҫǻΰף϶ԥӦˡ
𵱳˵õѡΰףѧ̽ʵС۾⣬ж϶ٻв㣬ȷٿѡ
סƬ̣̫̫׹ѧеġѡָΰףòɴ˫ۣ
Ϲӣܿж౦ΰס
Ҫΰ׼ңǺ̫ͷ϶ʲô
̫̫룬һĨǰˣۡ
ѧԣæַϣûС
·вͨѧٴ˾ᡣ
ĳĬμ⡱һ
Ҫ˵ѧʲôĹ˾
ѾųҪμ㡣
⿿μԼпܳŲη粨
Ҫ֤˾Ӱ죬ѧ϶ˡ
ȻҵӰǣԸæĹ޼
Ըæʹҵ΢΢
һмҪȥ
óۣμɫ˲ò԰ֽ
׵ļԺбĳμ̲סɪɪ
ʱգμȻǵãԷһǿһߴģ
ܣǳ˺üÿζ޼ա
һѾҪźߣȴӲԶ˻ȥ
ԼǴγ׼ŭԶһش϶ԷסĲӲš
ܣμҲڷġ
ȻҩԶǿԣ˵Щʲô޶ԡ
ˣԶӸµظĳ̬
ֱҪȥԷŰջȥ
ŵ˵ʱѾǰڣιȥ״̬
ſ֮Զûоʹͣ¡
Ϊμ󾡿ѹԶ涼ûš
ڵμһõطûˣĶϵӡӡ
μĳЩûо飬Զرֱ
׼ȫֱ⡣
ʱμоԼƵģȫ̶о̡
˾޴Ӱ
ǻ䣬͸о¶ʹ
μ֪һ޸Զͺ޻·ԣ
ܣμʹõĻˮְ֣ΰ׳ñҿãôҪ飬ӦýȥɲŶ԰
ѧ̾˿С󣬺ڶúܡ
ȥԶϵòͷˡ
ֶжҲ֪ͲҪΪѰְˡ
μ꣬͵̧ͷǾְ֣Ҫȥˣ
μѧҲܡ
ǰ˾ҵµ̡
ۺϸԪһܺõѡ
Ϊ˹˾Ϊ˼壬μԸԸ⣬üޡ
ƿμһԵӶ˷ԸСүͻط䡣
ûҵҪ
͵ˡ
ӶһΪԼ˻
ֱѧ˵һ飬ǲŻعæõġ
μԸпʵһֱѧȲϷſ
Ӷ˲ȥΪѵؿѧ
ѧĽμһ߿
·ͻȻμû׼ѧ߷ڵء
ô뵽ѧȻ
˶ɵˡ
Ӷ˼״æȥ
μûлһһҼ˶¥
ʱΰû¥ʡ
˭룬̤ţϱͻμ
˫棬ΰȿڣμ󣬿ҵĶ
μعһŤͼǯһĿΰףҺͲĲ𣿣
ΰ⻰Ц˵˿˼
Ա˶֣˷ˣ
ˣҩµģߥ޵ģԶҲġ
ܵһУʳˡ
ʲôʸң
ƿԣΰûٴƹˡ
״һ䡰Ϊֻ֮𼱻Ǹȥ
һǰһߵûиЩ˰⡣
Ҫߣѧæ쵽ˣԸ緹
á˵ǰߡ
ѧˣ׷ȥһʱ˴ղôǮܲܿ޼죿
ͣ½Ųɫصܡ
ѧ׽ӵɫվһԳԹϵΰˡ
ߺ󲻾ãһҲˡ
̫̫صңˮûȾȥ˴ӷ䱨ϲСԶμǱߴӦˡ
Զ⡣
μûҵ̣ڸһ⡣
ҸɽԺ˭Թȥҧһڡ
ѧӦŹ֡
ס˼ԶЦ˵лл̡˼ͰѶԷֻ֧ϵˡ
ǳƷϰ塣
þߣԸݿͻԷҪĶ
绰ͨԶûͶԷѣֱӱ⡣
Ҫ󣬻զô𣿡
ԶûᣬԹ׷ʣ˵ܲҸ׼
ֻҪǮλҪʲôҶṩ
ȷԼҪĶԶͰǮ˹ȥˡ
ת˼¼Це֮ҾͰѶȥ
Զҵ绰ҽ˵Ժ󶼲˵òϵ
μҪöôܱ
õЩμǰ͹
ʱҪμÿ춼첻Ӧеصز顱ζ
μңӶʰǽ塣
ӨûɫЩ԰ס
뵽Ҫ£ҵоӨЩģ磬Сȥһᱻ۸ģû취𣿡
ѧüͷΪҲС𣿡
ָҪ޹ȥʵû취ܾ
Ѿʧȥ̣ٵң˾϶군ġ
Ө粵ѧȵĸ֮ʡ
Ө촽˶ʲôû˵
ˣж︣
СôϲӦò̫
һߣΰ뿪μ֮ۿŷҲԶˣȥһ˽˹ݡ
Աˣΰ׿мϺü
ûǴĻϲϺ
Ƚϲ
ֻϲϺʣϲûаõġ
źؿۣΰ׾ջߣһǴС
ҵǴСδ̫ó˰ɣ
ΰõ۾
ûע⵽רĳԷʱ䣬ڱ׾ذϺǡ
տʼҲŵѼֻϺŪˡ
ʱ䳤ˣŽѾ
ΰ׳ųţһֻȻ˵ݵǰ
ֻװ˷۰׷۰׵ϺʣԲʮQ
ΰʿˮ
԰ɣ˺˵¡



070 ΰףٸһλᣬ 
ΰԣɵؿһۣڣǼ鼴
ⷬɣЩ޴룬ű鶼˼ֻңû˼
ΰԥ˻ջûӹϺʡ
˵ӣʵӰ
˵뷨ԽԶԽá
ԣԺ󶼲Ҫٲ
ΰס˼ɤӵֱ˵
ΰ׻е룬ѹ֮ЩܣϢھô𣿡
ΰ˫ֱۣƤ˻ȥأ
֪ôشֻÿЦһ¡
۽Ƕ˵ϣǡ
ΰ׵̬Ѿװװ
ܣҲ޷ıԷнԶʵ
˳ĬУΰ׺Ȼûθڡ
ΰӣսپ뷨ߴٵ¿˵
ע⵽ΰ׿ʼͷˣֻѹסͷĿɬ˵£㻹ǵó˭𣿡
ΰҡҡͷ꣬ҷ˳գ˲㶼Ҫûˡ
֮˺ܶ飬ֻϡǵóҺҪ
˭ģҾ治ǵˡ
ΰ׶˶٣ĳһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ѵͳԭʶ
ΰڴĿУҡ
ΰ׾õɴ˫ۣôܣ
ʣΪʲôܣ
ΰȻʮ֮ǰҶڽϵһСΪ۶ҵĴүôܻȥֵطƭңҲñ߼һɡ
˵£ɫЩ裬Ǳ˴ȥġ
ǰҲҸڵԺҷԡ
ҿʱˡ
ÿ춼͵͵ͳԵĸҡ
㻹˵Ů˶㲻ãһؼҵʱһߡ
ΰСֹ⵹ͦ˵Ļ
ΰ״С֪Լġ
Ϊĸᾭ֡鲻ûйߡ
ĸԼûǮΪɱȥ򹤣顣
пʱǰ
˵Ҫѧصеʦܡ
иʦҪѧ
ΰſԼ顣
ĸ̫ȱ£ʮʱһ
ΰΪӺùʱμҵ˳ˡ
֪ĸڵؼңΰ׻ϲػȥˡ
˭룬ӭĲǾ棬ǰ
ס˼ΰ̧۾ʵôûҴߣ
һ𣺡ҵ죬ʲô⣬ֱӰҴֱ
һȥ㣬Ѿȥ¥ա
ôһ˵ΰײСʱҡ
ǹ꣬ĸִͩǡ
صμҵڶ죬ͱμȥΰ̲סпԵ֡
Եǿġ
ΰüһ£ΪʲôһٶĴ
ҧгݵΪ
׹ˡָμЩչˣΰӺЦôߣΪƭ˾ˣ
ϣƭΰף鲻Ը˵ͷ
ΰ׼״һѹ浽
æ͵ûС
ÿҳȥ̸Ĺ¡
ҪǲţϺǹ֤ô
ٲУҾͰмص㡣Լʱߣûкȥ
ΰ붼û;ܾˣûҪ
üͷΪʲô
ΰʼ磬ҶЩνˡ
⻰һ͡
ΰһںˡ
ʶпʵɫɱ
ܴСģΰ׾û˼ˣɴ˵ˡ
ԣһȥקסΰ׵ĸ첲ųô㡣
ΰ״˽Ӵλãһ˿¶ȣſ
ƤȰôٲԵӪĲҵܲˡ
£Ͱϣװ뻨ǰ
ΰð۾Ȱ˺Ūȥͺ˵ٷҾԲٴˡڲŵʱ䳤̣˵ˡ
ΰװŰɣģ
رֿʲôʱƭ㡣
۲Ƭ̣ȷ϶Է˵ѵӣΰ׵Ŵ˴룬Ǿǿһء
ڿ˿˰Ϻǵְ
ǰľ飬ٰʣ̣ͺܿˡ
ʱΰûǰϺʣǿû¶Էĳԡ
˵ϣΰҲپܾ
ôϺʰǰͦġ
Ȼ̨׹Ͳˡ
һϺʷŽΰ۾
ðǵĸоˬ~
ܵΰɢŵĸˣĬĬӿеٶȡ
ûΰ׳꣬ʣ°Ҳˡ
ΰͷԵʱҲûš
Ǹΰ׼вˣǸΰʢ
ԼûԶ٣ιΰ׶ӻԲ
ٷΰʱͦſǣ·ﴧ˸̡
״Ц⣬ȥʵˣ
ΰһĵҵ֣һװͰ;棺ҵĶӡ
˳ΰû־͸оˡ
ᳵ·̺ӹϣͺ۾硣
ԼһСʱͣΰסĵԪ¥¡
չȥΰ׽⿪ȫԷͻȻ۾
Ŀԣΰȷˣ
Ӧô޹ίֻ⿪ȫ
֪Լ˼ңΰײֲڡ
սԿƿȥ
һ䡰ллһ֮󼪡
ûͱס󾱣ܶû취ܡ
ΰױͣ½Ų÷˸޴İۣл˵ƨš
ȥȱˮ
ΰߣƨԡ
𰸣⡣
ְس顱һϳš
˾״˵ܣȥ̡
ʣˡ
ΰ׵£סԷ֣֣صؿΰףٸһΣ𣿡
Ƭ̣ΰװֳá
ͷ³֣㡣
ΰɫо仰СȲݼ֪˵ûС
ĵôҹͷһΣҲߵز
ǰǱƭˣŻϹۡĻҽ͵
ΰЦ㲻Ϊһ䡮ƭˡܵаɣ
˵䲻ģûμƭ㣬Ҳĵȥ
ǳԶϲ㣬ŸԴҡ
Ҳ㣬ַ̧Źң𣿡
ΰһ˵꣬Ϳ³ˡ
һΣû׷ȥ
ΰ׵ٲһ˺ࡣ
ֱ·ɻΰײ˿
ص飬ֹ˳ʵ
μϢʱѾһں



071 治 
ʱǰ
ԶϴߴټǮ£ǰ
õƵĹߣԶһӶûȣ̫̫֪ͨμңҪ͹
ѧӵ绰ʱ˶ɵˡ
סƬ̣ŻʣӲǻû𣿡
̫̫ЦҾ飬ʡýʱΡ
ɲþܾѧֻôӦСʰһ¶
뵽ڵţ̫̫æã˹Уʳס߱׼ŵ׵
ѧе᲻ãΪμҵĻҵǺĵС
ҵ绰ѧ¥
ߵͷǼ䷿ѧƳһſڵӶˡ
ӶᣬͳԿ״š
ѧ߽ȥͱصĴƬˡ
̽ͷȥɨ˼ۣѧûˣҲ˲ôƬЬӵķգæܽȥ̽
ĿѲӼμڽһ
ҪûˣǱּҪˣ治֪Ҫô
μתͷȥ
ǼеѧμΪԷԼ
סԷȣ󣺡ְ֣ҪȥҺòã
Ϊ˲ȥңμֵҿѡԼ˵ϣְӦòܾ˰ɡ
μΪʮþʱѧĻ룬С
μ͵̧ͷʵΪʲô
ѧĵǰǮ˾ʽѾٶѱԵ
ûʽע˾ܻתƲ
Ǳ˵ˣֻҪԶ飬ͰǶȹΣ
Ϊμңһ̰ɡ
μ޷ܣӼѵû취ˣҿԺ
ѧС󣬲Ҫԡ
仰ת˷䡣
ûзǼ£μѡʸ
Զϵֱôͬʱײһǧɡ
Щͷļ壬ǲôġ
ѧߺ󣬷ֱϡ
μܵź棬ʹ̵ľ˼š
˿μ󻹱ϡ
ûһƨǶƴƬ
μĨ۽ǵˮĿ¶׹ȫЩסĶ
ҪңǵÿԼС
׻˵ʮΪϲߡ
ֻҪܳȥһⶼӭж⡣
⣬μߵߣƿ¿˿
μԭţѧϰӾڣüŴһ𣬵ȵܡ
ϧѧ˽дֻһ͸С
μļƻˡ
ûãѧżٴ䡣
μԹʵʲô
ѧûƫͷԵļ˵һ¡
˷׷׵ͷӦõġ
μ˶٣ʶԼҪȥңæ
ôϣѧӶˣһһסμ
μѲǯƣֻܵ۾ݺѧٵƥһ᲻ú
ѧôû뵽μȻ
һ֮£ѧ̧첲Ҫμϴȥ
ʱĸסȰɲʱСү
һºۼǵҲϲˡ
ѧҲǣ˳Ʒ¸첲˵Ҫҵķϣƽϡ
⻰μ°ͣб򰡣ˡ
μôһѧĻˡ
ڴ򲻵μֻӲѹ»
ѧҴμԽԽ֡
ѧ޿̣ɫԸҰŪΡ
ĸӦǡתȥ鷿İóҩŽˮ衣
ҩܽòˣͶǱˮ˷䡣
μ״Ǿ֣ʼ
ϧӶ˰ƵģѲǯơ
Ѿʹ̵ľ
£μֻܽҧסء
μЩЧֿ
Էסʱʹñſ졣
һ룬Ǳˮ
ܿ죬μʼͷۻʶƮԶ
Ȼʲô֪ˡ
μιȥһж˳
ͺܺСʱˡ
˰μ̧ȥʱ䣬ѧ˸绰̫̫ϷˣСѾ׼ˣھ͹ȥ𣿡
̫̫šһ
ҵ绰ѧȥ¥
μڿѧ߹ȥҪ˵
μĵͷ¶ʵһҪСȥ
ûѧڣμֵ֣Զεġ
ѧʣô죿
˾ʽˣܶҲˡ
¸ûʽ˾пܻƲ
ʱзᱻԺ⣬һҶͷ
𣿡
μĵȻ룬Ҳ᲻õܵܿࡣ
ʵôпᣬѡ
ᣬѧļ򣬼ⰲˣȵǼҶȹѹ֣һ취Сӻؼġ
μ̧۾һϲ𣿡
ѧȻġ
ôӣѧͳˡ
լλڶμеԶ
Сʱͣլſڡ
ѧµҩҩ΢֡
μѾתѵļ
Ժ֮Уڽ̸
Դǻģ˵ʲô
֪˶ãʶ
뵽ԼҩμŬ۾
һڳɹ
μ󻷹ܣΧرİװ޷ԼҲһĿʼ³
ʱԶ˽
ĿԣԶüдŶϷʣˣ
ʹļ临գμ־־壬ʶ˶㡣
ҩҩЧûȫȥμ֫Ǻ״̬ѾҲֻŲ档
ӦȡԶ
ţԶͳƵЩ
μǰչʾˣԶڶԷֵУЦʵΪ׼ģϲ𣿡
Щ棬ץ۵ľǸȳСۻ֣鲼ŵ̵
ʶʲôģμɫ˲ˡ
μȴԶһڴϡ
μҶʩչԶóĸڴϡ
ԶӣμһйߣЩַڶԷ˸㡣
տʼμ󻹻Ằ
˺棬ˣֱȥ
ԶƲƲ죬治档
ΪİûˣԶҽҩ
ϣμ־һͬĥ
һߣصƣϴ˸ս裬һմͷ˯˹ȥ
֪˶ãԼվһϡ
ҹɫѾˡ
ʱһӰԶԶ
ˣϳ˾ΰס
ڳʻϢΰײͬΰ׿ġ
ȥô£ͼԷˡ



072  
ͫһ
ʶΰʲôæֹΰף
ΰ׺ֱͦͦվ档
һ룬ΰɿ˫֣۾ȥ
˹ȥѶԷ
ǵΰһ̣ȴԼִ˹ȥ
ΰǰˮС
ſϣ˫ɺؿŽˮǾ󺰣ΰף
뵽ΰǸѼӣӾﶼǺ˵ļĽˮС
鼱֮£Ѹٷˣ׼ȥˡ
ʱǰĳȻһת
Ӵűһûʵı
վڻ԰Ӷ˶ûעĵ˽ȥ
װαˣνṹжϣȷμ
ʹߵ¥ĳ䣬洫ĶԻͣ˽Ų
СүΰѾˣϲóԸ
ˣ
ģүͷ˶Ӿְʬˡ
û뵽ΰ׾Ȼô㣬ȥˡ
һ߿˷ţŭȥ
ΪμӶ˵컹ڼ
֪ΰ˵ϢûУ
˵ڹ̸⣬Ӧû֪ɡ
ΰ治ðôˣǰûš
Ҳûá˶óܵء
Ӷһ߸μĦһ߰ķС
ԣ໰ˣƨ
һ룬͵۾Ŵ
˼ץֻ˸绰ΰס
ʱΰ׸ոջصƵ꣬׼ȥϴ衣
۵ӶתˣİҲûȥϸ롣
绰ΰ̱ɳϣʵλ
ǣɤ۵ڷɤӻصҡ
ΰ˭·˲β͵èһӱҹ˯Ҵ绰в
˵Ļȴ⶯
ʮΰףǸݵ࣬ûһ˿ΰס
Ա֮£̲סʵţв
ΰסβŻع˼ʵ㣬ڿް
ϣûС
ΰ˶ɵˡ
磬ˣ˵ûޣ
СŰ
뵽ǹΰ̽ʵҪƲˣ
ûУ˾һжá
ΰססһôøƵģ
جΣҺֻجΡ
˰죬ѹΪجΣ
ΰװθ˸޴İۡ
˵˻졣
˷ʱ䣡
ΰùҵ绰ϴȥˡ
ֻڴͷ˼ӣƽ
Ժһͷ
ǾҪȥΰס
ܾǸβΣʵ顣
ֻۼΰףܰġ
뷨˽˷ɻҹӰӻء
ڶ죬ΰͬӵٻ
ڴ˸־ſյ˸Ŷżͷ
ƿ´ΰ̤Ьλȥԡҡ
һʱ仹磬͸Ƶģϴȫ̶Ƶġ
ƽʮӾܸ㶨£Ӳ˰СʱŸꡣ
·ΰ״˸ĹǷ׼¥͡
հѷŴ򿪣͸оһ˵˽
ΰʶֽסԷ
һȻǸˡ
סƬ̣ΰ͵ذ䣬̽ͷȥ۲Χ
Ȼ𣬵ݰ
СǺʹзһ϶˸档
ҪǱ군ˡ
ôţرζģʱûϾˡ
߽߱ǽҲ˼ˣûйС
ݿڻš
ΰŷ
˵Ļΰüͷѯʣȵȣģ
ûڣΰֵ㲻ңҷվһϰɣ
Ŀԣ֪ôģȻЩ顣
ΰ׿ӣ֪Լ¶ˡ
ΰ׺ܲ⣬ﰡ
ˡ
ΰЦ̫߳ˣȻ̰࣬ϡ档
仰еĳҲûԹԵ˵Ժһᾭġ
˰ɡΰ붼û;ܾˣܲ𡣡
Ҳ㹤ġĵ֤
ôʶȤΰ׸ɴֱ˵ˣ򲻴ŹûϵҾǵز뿴㡣
ΰװƳ䣬˸롱Ķ鷳Զ㣬ллϡ
һֵסſ˵㲻ԸҸϵĻᣬѿ԰ɣ
ΰɤӣһɫҲȱѣĴȥ
ſھ˻ΰ׷ٲ;ˡ
ҲطˣֱϷţתŵȥ
ģֻƨȥ
ΰ۵ýͶھƵˣֱӴȥƬ
Ϊΰ˾ĳûˣֻܰԼϵƬˣ˵Ҫȥ
֪ҪƬ˼ȥֳߵݽϷ㡣
룬һпϷ
ΰǸɫ׷ʱܽȥһ糾Ůȡ
Ϊ˶㿪Ѳ飬˼װ¡
ƬֳõúϢ
Ƴΰ׺ŮԱڶϷһ䣺Ҫʲô
ƬЦǺӦǴϷ
һ⻰Ϸ
ͻȻˣƬֱˣɵʵϷôˣ
ҧгݵûʲô
Ƭͷٴβס
ܿ죬㿪ʼ
ŮԱһ䲻ƵĿԼϣâڱ
NG˼ΰ׷ȫ벻Ϸ̲סʵôˣ
ŮԱָָ棬λÿ£Ǻ޲ðҳˡ
ΰ׻ͷһŷˡ
Ƭ˶Ӳ˵ΰֻܷϢԷ
ҹ
ΰ׵£ʲԸˡ
ص۶ʱ䣬ԸμҵĹԼ˺ǳٳȥȾơ
ǳٽӵ绰Цŵ٩һ䣺ѵԼҳȥ
֮󣬿ǰְһѾƣǳٶľˡ
ǰľ飬ʾ֪鲻ã϶Ǻΰйء
Էߣǳ˸ձӹȥʾƣȻеʦƵģ˵ɣΰôˣ
һߵһ߻صңѶԸ⡣
ǳЦЦȥ治ȥ
׷˵ƤУΰǰôġ
˦ӣôꡣ
ĵİ
Ҳǣ͸ǳپ˱ƣлˡ
𷻼䴫ţμԭΰȥϢǳ֧첲ײײԵˣôŹμҺˣķ񰡡
Ƥôܣ
ʱ䣬оˣͳֻ绰ᰡ
֪ͨȥϷԿˡ



073 ҹ 
ӵμ󣬾ѾٱԵ
Զĺ⣬Ҳﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ʱ޿̲ɱȶħµˡ
ûлᣬֻš
ۿҹɫԶҪĥˣμɪɪ
־żһ·μͷƤͬʱ֫Ҳڷ
ʱšաһˡ
μʶ̧ͷȥ
ֻһԸɱŮ˽
˲ԶμһҲƽ
ĿԣŮ˵СүǴүŹˡ
μסƬ̣ǲ˼飬ˣ
Ůһ߸⿪һߵԼ⣬Ѿҩٷŵˣ̫̫ȥμ·ϡᣬϽ߰ɡ
£ŮͳԿ׺ͻƱݸμ󣬡լ档
ֻҪŵ򿪾С
Ҳдүŵ˽Ӧ
μټμϸ룬ӹԿ׾ͼߡ
˼μͣƺ뵽ʲô
Ůʵôˣ
μعͷϴżԥ涼ҵˣ⿿߲
⻰ŮЦЦģְӶ˶ˡ
ͷߣǻᵱûġ
ѵĥ
Ů̼μ
⻰һμԥϤȥ
ҧҧĿᶨ˵ߣ
Ϊ˸μģŮǰ棬˷š
̽˼Ӷȷʵûץμų׷
ǴȽ
뵽Զĥμѹĵ׵ĺ
ʱ䣬ȥμļ˾ٿ죬ҲǼСʱ֮
ȫԳʱ䣬ʵ
μ⣬˷ʵԶģ
ŮӦ
μͷ׳ŵӻصǸޱȺµķ䣬ɢڵͱӣһ̶˳ȥ·й׷
˼״ΪȥԶһ٣û
ȻһԶ䣬Ͱѷϡ
ȷ˽μЦ߽档
ߣμԶ֫ڴϡ
һϵжԶɸͷƵģ仯ȫûвԷϺݺݳȥ
˼ӣμԶûзӦһ㶼ˬ졣
ȥԡңװһˮ͵õԶϡ
ȻԶܿǺˡ
ĿԣԶڴϣЩĻš
תһ룬Լңһ˽ʰμ
ȻûԶ뷨жμһ˦˹
ž
Զʹͷһ
μԴ˺⣬˹ȥ
ԶҧҧɤӸ˰
亹ˣμ˷
Զÿһμͳһޡ
ֱԶˣμͣƵ㺰ƺҲ㡣
μˣƳһǽϵӡ
ʱѾȥСʱ·ϻҪʱ䣬˶ϡ
ԶŭŻҵУμһͷ
Ƭ̣μ΢΢һЦż·
Զ⻰ŵõɴ۾ˣ
μʲôû˵Ǿ֮ɫԶ
һԶĳ̬μͷסԷ
Զ
ʱƣԶԽԽС
󳹵û˶
μʳָ̽һԶıϢ
ȷԶѾ͸μЦ˼±ﳤȥ
ǸŮҲҹɫ͵͵ˡ
úӶ˷Զһֱûȥ̽
ſں˼ûеõӦͽ˷档
ԶûϢӶŵø
׷ܽѯʣô£
Ӷ˵ڵأָŴ˵󣬴үˣ
⻰˽һ
ȷԶ˵Ӷ˻عæȥ¥¸̫̫绰
֪Զˣ̫̫һţ˵ʲô
Ӷ˶߶ظүûˡ
̫̫Ҷϵ绰ָ˾ͷȥ
˾Щ⣬ϷˣصǰˣȷҪߣ
̫̫͵һΣɴ۾ŭɶ˻
˾ŭɵˣŵõġ
̫̫ʾ£˾һ·ơ
𼱻Ǹϵң̫̫ܽ䡣
Զɫڴϣ̫̫һȥ
һԶ¶ûˣ̫̫ܴ̼㴭
Ӷ˼״æ¥ȥЧ裬ˮ̫̫¡
һ̫̫˲٣ҧгʵμȥˣ
ӶԥƬ̣ˡ
̫̫͵Ƥˣ
Զ⼸Ļ£̫̫Ժĳһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
죬ȥҰѽƬε
ӶܿͰѼƬ˻
̫̫Ȳ򿪡
μʱ;ԶѲ˸ϵ
μȥˡ
һߣջصң㱨
ǱߵӦڲţ԰Ϣ͸¶ȥˡ
ߺ⣬ɫ
μȻͬǰĺ
ǰСˡ
ʵϣμҲûгһջᱻ˶Դ
ֱΪһжμĸŵġ
ⲻ֪Ǹˡ
һʼƾƿС
¡
ûãꡣ
ʱμų·Ϸɳ۶
ڵ粣ϣž
μ˶ʮ꼸꣬ԼĴ֮١
ҹеĵһΡ
μķе㺦ºͿֻţ̲ס˾໰
ҪʱҸݹ
ҪҪٶʱȻֺ˼
տʼμû⡣
ֱԷҪͣŷ鲻򵥡
⣬ǼӦġ
μо֡
˵Ǳ߷Ӧô졣
Ȼμɻ֮࣬Ҳûţ
μ֪ԶŪˣһҵץȥ϶ûкùӳԡ
Ϊ֮ƣֻиϽȥ˷ɻ
뷨μٴβţѳᡣ
ҵע⵽ˣҲżӿٶ׷ȥ
һʱ䣬˫μ˱һڵ·׷
μƳһۺӾҵ˸ƤҩƵģüͷ
Ҫͬʱִǻᱻץ
뵽μҧҧֱӲȵס
ϵʱμƤ
ӭ濪һμ󾪵üæת̡
·ĳӸܿơ



074 Ҷ 
ۿŴԽԽμż
ǧһ֮ʣԱ߹һ¡
űײı緢
μһ
Ȼμ룬ⷢˡ
֮ǰΪ˶ܴμֱӽ̴˵ס
ֱֱŴŲߵĻײȥ
·ͻȻμӦֻǾõɴ˫ۡ
عȥɲѾˡ
֮ǰĳ̫죬ټʪӲײ˻
μ󺰣
һ룬׹ļĽˮС
ƽʱμˮȫӵԾ
һ
ͽ֮ľܸߡ
ȥ޴ĳ
£μֱӱˡ
ʱŵ˼״Ǳˮ豸ȥ
ΪͬʱˮǴμûлѶʱ䡣
ҹɫڻǾϢ˴ˡ
ϣҵΪμˣȫ
عͷæ绰ȥ
֪μĿ΢΢̫̫ǳˡ
̫̫úμԶøӳ
ȻηôĽͨ¹ʣǱ߲Ӳ
¸׷ƪ
һ磬μҼ˵֪μ׹Ϣþûز
ѧ˼أҵ׷ţǡӭ濪ھ߶Ƚ£ײĻ׹뽭С
ö˶һͻȻûˣȻȥҪ˵
;Уѧһֱ¡
ԳûʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ΪϢˣ϶ͬҪ
˭룬һȥҾͰͷһ
ǼҪǲԸɲذμ͹
ߣֲϺúùӡ
ҪȥμᣬڼҾͶСԶʹɱ֣
ѧ˶ɵˡ
ӡμС
̫̫μɱԶ
ѧţϷˣû˼ˣȥ׷С󣬺׹ôܵһң
ĩˣѧװȻӣǲ⳥ɣ
̫̫
˾⳥һ³òɿ
ֱѯŲòͣ
ѧصңԽԽ
ʱϼǱ߻֪ǰĺȫȡ
ʽȻҲûˡ
ѧǮϼ˵Ͳըˡ
У취һɫơ
˼ȥѧ͵͵ϼ˰⡣
ѧʱʵûб̫
Ͼô˰
û뵽ȴ
СʱͲ鵽͵˰©˰֤ݡ
ѧȥʵٱϼ͵˰©˰
ϼҲǳصģҲͬϼš
֤ȫֳɵģȥˣֱӲˡ
ʱϲ͵˰©˰ôײǹϡ
͵˰©˰֮⣬Щ
ҸЩԶ³ʮꡣ
μߣѧЩꡣ
ϼʽ⣬ֳ⵵¡
Ⱥ֮£Ʋˡ
ѧµʲȫ⡣
ƽѧǮһ붢úܽʲ¡
ôһ⣬Өμ½ʣһ׷Ӻͼʮֽ
ͨͥϣʮֽԻܾˡ
ĸӶǴִŵˣʮ򻹲Өȥ
˭ԸȥӴ˹˻Թ
Ҽŵ̨˾޴
ϼ͵˰©˰ʮڣʲô
нǧ㣬̹ſٵ򹤶׬ôǮ
Ϸﶼûô໶ֶ˵ʵǮ
ǹ棬yueˡ
˵μҵСûˣӦ
ҴҲûˣϸƷ
ΰˢϢһĨȡ
μȻûˣ
Ӧð
²СϢ
ΰɣȥ¡
űʱ˶ɵˡ
μʱûѾˣֵμǸص㣬Ȼϱӽĵصһ
ôɺϵ£
ΰײţֻܾεڱƶЩ·
뵽ͬʱ̨ΰеɻ
ΰ׾ͦġ
ʱգΰȻǵã̫̫ڴ
ҵ̨֮󣬾Ͳˡ
μϱӰôңⱲӻͼ˾ˡ
ⲻܹĺݣμ̫˺ˡ
һüһǣ½һ£ʦְ
ΰס˼̧۾ʵôˣ
½ʵıȥġ
⻰ΰ׻ղŵоԼֵͦģе㲻˼Ц
½״תƻ⣬ˣЩϷ̫ףĩȥ𣿡
ΰ׺ˬشӦˣȻ԰
õҪĴ𰸣½¶ЦݣǾô˵ˡ
ĩˣ½ֵʦǧܷҸӡ
ΰͦţı֤ģسŵġ
½ԣػȥױˡ
һֱڻ״̬μ۾
μ󻷹ܣԼҽԺ棬ϲᡣ
ţ
Ƴһ˶ûУμ󲻽֡
˵ӨμĶŶԡ
μ˼⡣
Ȼ䣬һԺ
ҵ˰˰ɣ
뵽ɱԶҿ϶Źμæƿ´
ߵźμһĴ
ûŲţμ󰵰˿
׼£־ô죬û˹
μԽԽԼˣͷĵؿ˳ȥ
ⲻ֪һһȫڼ
յϢԸᰣμλøҡ
ӦõġתҪߡ
룬ֽס˵ˣֱӸ߾ʲôɡ
ߺĴȼһ̡
ԭȵļƻǴ׹£μɡˡ
μ֪ͨǱߡ
ʱҾͻ˹ߡ
ɱԹڣҿ϶׷Źμ
ǵһȴԼ²ȥ֡
ȻΪμ󣬶ǵΰ֪£ܿ¡
ΰ֪ĸʺСǲȥġ
Ϊһΰ֪кֱܴܻӳֵ
ΪţŬˡ
һߣμתȦûΣڣų׷
ŵԼЩζμܣȥϴߡ
ԡҳ׼뿪ҽԺʱƷľ콫¡
һɱ˰һˡ



075 Դ 
תۼ䣬ĩȻ
⼸ʱһ׷޼ƻ
׻˵úãŮɲ
ͬá
׷ƤҪԭȥӰӻһˡ
ǰʹˣĩΰϷݲ࣬ˢڸеĺʱ
ǰҪȥ񴨳СԼµһ˵
̬òע⣬͸Ҵ绰
ʵڲУȥҺǳ٣
ᰵ˵ͷʾԼ֪ˣЩΪʲôҪȥ񴨳гﲢûаһ
˵Щڡ
ɻĿУսԿ
ɤӣ»ص˵Ǳ߾ɫȥʵؿһ£ܷܲչĿ
ԣɻһֱĿ
ӵкüƶأȥٺ͵ƻ
֪ģڴƶ
ΪͷҵȻҪеӦΡ
ЩȻ𾴣ģһס󷽣ȡҡ
΢΢ףˣ׸㽱𷭱
̧ͷбŷϲĹ⡣
Ϊʱû뵽Ȼнģ
ϣϰܶ
ڻ֪ʵ
ЩǺ£Ҳᡣ
ص¡
źù͵ǰ񴨵ķɻ
ҪȥչĿؾ÷չ£ںߵġ
ϴ̽뷨
ڷչ׶Σкܶط˲ϡ
ΪһĴҵȻҪʱվ
ȻԼ˽ġ
ȷʵͨ£ΰǰֵƵʡ
ȻΰǸӣ϶ȥ
뵽ΰ״ŵŮԱճΰ׵½СүԼǰʱǸ̲ѧܣΣС
ΰ׻ûһϷкüèðͷ
ٶļ֧Ҫͻλ
ҪΰݼãӾһ϶ܶۡ
һϹ/šĻ棬ͳһͷ
˭ܸ̫ô죿
Ϊﴧ¶һ·ϸϢˡ
˷ɻ顣
ȥƵ꣬Цӭȥʵܣͳ׷ѾʰˣҪȥòͻֱϢ
֮ɫڣҵķ䰲ŵΰ׸ڡ
סƬ̣ЩɻصɣǸ¥㣬Ѿˡܺ;ûϵȥ˼סŴȥ಻
³ڹʲôݣⲿͶ̡
һ⻰æ˵ȥš
Ƭ˵֪ˣЩȡ
ûǴλǰ첻Ǹո
кɻ󣬵ǵ˵Ҫΰ׸Ǹ䣬붼ûʹӦˡ
Ͷְ̰֣ȻҪԷ
ϴ˸裬Щ·ǰƬ
ȥʱϾ鷢źз
ƼͶְִ̰ݹ٣׷׷ºзȥӭԷ
ȻЩﲢΰ׺½
ΰǵ½ǾûҪ
Һܺã½Ҳ
Ƭ˺˼䣬һӴ汣ķ濪
ţɫװıƿ
˵Ĳ⣬ЦӯӯܸҶ緹
컰£ھͰѲͺа
Ƭ˼״æʾⳡȥæ
ͺϵlogo¶ʱܶ๤Աˡ
Ͷְ̰󷽣ҿǳĹ󡣡
԰£˻ָ˧ſ̫Ҹ˰ɣ
û˵׼ǵ
壿
ȻǣҺ֪֮ġ
˶ڽСۣи͵͵ƬͶһV
Լ͵ĵ£һ֪
źƬ죬Լ͵ΰ׵о
ÿһ䣬ͻ͵ΰһۡ
ôԣΰȻע⵽˵ġ
ʵֹܶ˶о
ΰԵ½
ΰ׺£ѧ֮ǰ˿˵ǵ¡
ѧЩ½Ҳйע˵Ķ̬
ÿյϢǣΰίȫ򹷡
˭룬عԺ󿴵ȴǽȻ෴һĻ
½գգۣ̲סʵʦλ
ΰסһ˿ûԼˡ
Ƴ½ֹһֲʵӣΰ׸ɴȫ˵ģԸ⣬鹷ƤƵҲš
仰½ȻЩˡ
ЦЦѹȥ̽ǰǺϲ𣿡
ô֪ΰױЩѿǶȥˣ
ǡ½æϣǵöԷˡ
½׼ʱһͳдԵʲô
ΰƲƲ죬
кƬæΰʹɫ
ҪԱ·ߵԶͷϷɲС
ƬΰףԲŻŬ
ϧΰ׽ɵƵġ
۾գöҪˣΰ׻ûпڵ˼
֮£Ƭֻ˵СΣǾͶܡ
˵ϣΰ׼װɵͲˣֻܲʲԸ鼫ܺһܡ
Ƭ˰ˡԲȴȡ
ֻЦŻصá
˶óΰײ
Ա֮£ʾþԵøԡ
λͶԭͰΰ״һ٣滹λӢ۾Ҳ֡
˵ΰײø˦
ѵʲôè壿
һʱ䣬ϵĿ
ΰע⵽˵Ĵʱַꡣ
չƵģΧۡ
Ƭ˵ӣƬϡڣΰײֻ̫֣ܰףʧһ£ȥ䡣
ΰȥ徻ȴᣬҲȥ
⻰һΰװͰ͵ʡ
Ҫ
һۣ׹˼ͬص
Ҫ
ΰˣû취
ֻܵɴ۾ʾԼ
ü۹֮ʣƬ˸оҩζŨŵ亹ðˡ
ʱʦԸȥ𣿡
ΰôû뵽Ȼ̲ס
˵ע£ΰҧгݵ
֪þյĵ̷ŵ̬Ǿ鷳ʦˡ
ΰ˿鷳
ΰײò
ǻû߼һֱ䵱ⱳ½ˣʦ˳Ұɡ
ΰͣ½ŲСƵĵͷð
ĩˣЦ½֣
ĲԴ̼ࡣ



076  
ڵÿȹס
ע⵽仯ΰ֮è塣
Ͷְֻ̰֣Ҷһ԰д
֪еСžţҲġ
ֻ֪žҪˣ
ͬΪˣ½ΰϵĿ⣬ֱϤ
СҪû˼Ͱֵд
ۿ½Ҫһ˼
ΰüͷݺݵһۡ
ĩˣתͷһʵ½û°ɣ
ΰױе۾½ǣϸȰû£ܵӦǲСĵġ
Ź֡½ôƽ⣬ΰ׸ˡ
ʲôˣΰ׼ֱ
ҪǲԱ߰ŵ㣬½ɵ𣬿϶ᱻ۸
뵽ΰ׹ȥ½ĸ첲ǵ
һĻУʱʻա
Ҫȥֿ
û뷨жΰ׾һ̶ˣ񱳺й׷
ǵԶȥӰ·һֻ߬סˣֿҪĸо
ɵӣȻóΰڶ
˵ǰɺˮ޶Ϊ
վһƬ˲˲ͷϵ亹һŲȥСʵܣ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
Ƥɫ֣á
ΰײӰҲ˷ʱ޹ؽҪϡ
룬ȻؾƵϢ
ڷ˼ͣ½Ų˵ǰչҳԷ
ƬæӦõģȥȺ֪ͨǡ
ԣ˼Ƭʵܲҽȥ
Ƭһ˼飬ҪȺ
ԣ
Ȼԣ
ͳֻ΢лСţƬ˼˺ѡ
Ƭ˰Ⱥҽݣֹ˵ѡ
⻰Ƭȡ
ԭͶְ̰ϲ΢˽ף
˾Ƶ겻ãΰ׾ʹӻױˡ
û˰۵ڣԼϣ׼ٸ½Ϸ
ʱƬܹһʵСΣǲйڣ
ΰײ˵̫ӰԺյ·
ò̬Ƭ˹ƻϡࡣ
˼˸ŵĻظУ岻˵
˵ı֣Ƭ˴󵨲²׷㣬㲻Ը⣿
ΰ׶˶٣ǰɡ
֪ྐྵˣƬ˲Щѡ
Ҫ֪ΪͶ̣ԸһСԱ˵練ơ
ΰ̬ôǿӲһëˣ˵׼ᱻɱ
˼ȥƬ˾ȰȰΰס
СΣʵͦġ
ԽҲû˭š
Ϊ׷㣬һ˾ˣҪ㿼һ£
ΰɫеѿƬ¶Էᣬæ͵ҲƤֻǸ顣
ҪʵڲϲˣǱ湦򻹵һ
Ȼŭ߳ô죿
ΰ룬Ƭ˵ò޵
ԴǰƣҪѶԷ߳ŭ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
㵽ڣⲿͶ˺ܴѪ
Ҫ汻߳ȥ϶Ҫ
ס˼ΰɫڣİɣҲˡ
Ƭ˼ͨˣοļ˵Ǿͺá
ΰˣԺھͰѶԷͶ̡
˵£˼䣬ΰ׾ȥ½Ϸˡ
Ϸʱǹ÷ɿ졣
֪䣬һȥˡ
ΪԷԵݾͰҹϷ
չ֮˶Ǵ״̬
ǴһؾƵϴ˸衣
뵽ٷͶְ̰ģ󲿷˷׷ͬһ뷨
ǾҪʽ㡣
ΰ׳⡣
һ뵽Ǹڣں
治֪Էô£ѻ˵ôˣҪš
ǰҪӵ
ΰԽԽơ
ԼˬҲöԷˬԭΰ׹⴩رԡ
ǿװĶ䣬Ǻɫ̿㣬ϵһ˫ϡ
ҪǵĻᱻĵȥ·гͷϡ
ΰ׶Ȥζ룬֮˿϶úʽ
ʱôĴһ֣ҿ϶ᱻŵ
Ȼ¥ʱˢˢ
վȺ
סΪ󣬶Ǳ޵ˡ
ΰ׳ñСôһ͸Сˡ
Ϣ
֮ʣΰҧҧڳ޴ı飬Ҫߣȥ·ٹȥҪƬ˴Ӧˣȥ֮岻Ϊɣӹ֯ٺ硣
ǵС˼Ƭһ߰һ˵û
֮£ΰֻЪ˼
׼ϳʱȻð˳ҵĳ
ΰ׻عƳҶԳԹϵȥ
ɫúѿҲʶá
Ȼ˵ȥĻóȥˮҲղˡ
ֻŬȳҵ˼ǣĳȽϼҵĳûʲôˣԹ˵͸Ƭһ
Ƭᣬϳϵ֮ǰͺ¡
˼Բãǰ˵
ھĳȷʵ̫ټƬмϣųɹԲȥ
Źţȴûһ˸ȥ
ԭڣ̫ǿˣʵholdס
ϳʱ䣬ΰû˻ע͸һӡ
ţֳԷ˻ȭͷ
ҪûԲȥȥӰҵǵðƤɣ
״Ҳô룬¶һֺõЦݡ
ΰ׷˸ۣûٴ
ȥϴǼʽ¥ΰ³֮ߵú
˽⣬ҪȥˣԷ϶Ƥ
ٱҵӿŻ־
ΰΪӦ˵ʱȴһƵš
ͳ˴󲿶ˡ
ΰ»ᱻϣֻҧӿµĲ
ϧȳⷽ治ռơ
ʹߵٿ죬Ҳɸϡ
̱׷Ҹϡ
ΰ׾ȥУһС
ƻ½յԷӦæϢΰ
ͬΰϣƨһҲ˹
ΰòУɴͳֻʱ䡣
׼ȵòˣȥ½Ǳߡ
½½˽
ΰߣֻԹȺڣ
ΰ׸оˣظ½Ϣ
ˣڶˡ
˸ǸλãѾˡ
ϢΰײɫɨһǱߵ
ȷʵ½˵һվ
ΰҪߣۼֿקס
һʱ䣬˶쳤ӿ˹



077 ʹ 
ΰû
Ѿ˵ܶΣҪˡ
˻ҪˢڸС
ǰ΢õ㣬֪ŵˡ
ڵô˵ץסţⲻŸ߱ˣè塣
ΰԽԽҲ˲
˦֮ΰ״ǳ½ȥ
ΰ׵ıӰ촽̶˼£ʲôû˵
ʼսΰףһҲû뿪
ΰע⵽ˣʶӿµĲ
ߵ½Եλãΰһ¾ͼԷ˱ˮżֵǣʦû°ɣ
ΰ׺˿ˮɤӵû¡
½ԣƳһɫҪæҡ
ΰ׶ЦЦģҲˡ
⻰½ûټ̸˵£һתʦǳϷ˺ö飬ݲҪĸо
ٷ֮ȥ̽һ¡
ʱе㷽㣿
ΰˬشӦˣ£ҷûˣûʲôġ
½ĿĴɣ϶ʱ¶һЦݡ
˶̰ĵģ½룬װʵԺڱݷвĶʦ𣿡
ΰײ֪½СžţֻǵΪԷѧʣ͵˵ͷð
ô˵½Էܺ׷Ĵ
ΰ׾ĲҪͶԷ½ˡ
ΰӣһӣ׼Žȴ½ڶ
΢죬룬ճյģ֪Щʲô
ƳԷǰƿ̣ΰϵĹЦŴȤ̰
½عΰ׺Ц۾ڵһ±ͨ졣
ΰԴĿУ½æŲߡ
ΰ׶ˣһûû̡
ΰ׼״ơ
Ҳû˵ʲô½ôų
֪ĻΪ˵ʲô֮ʡ
ʵϣˣȷʵôġ
ǻʻ
ΰԴȥǱߣϵЦûʧ
Լʱʼն
ĶԱȣ̼۾ˡ
ڶʻʹ£ϵĺ˹ȥ
Ƭ˺͵
عæ׷ȥ¶Էһ֮£ص¡
ΰ׵٩½Ϳרעɷģʽ
Ķûôעˡ
ֱͷϷĹ߱˵סʶ̧ͷȥ
ײʻҪ۾ΰüͷʲô
ûлشֱֻΰס
ΰ׵˵ȣȫûпڵ˼̲ס˸ۡ
ãڷˡ
ΰջߣ
˭룬ҪԷ˷Ӧ
ֻùվƱԹԵƣһݸΰס
ΰǰϣҲԷơ
ΰǵãʱô˵ġ
ߣҲȡ
ΰϲĳȵˡ
ʱ֮ͬĻصߣҲȡ
һͣ·ʹ߬סȭͷ
òƽʱȴԼ˵Ļ
ˣǰϡ
ԭϲĮԴĻʹ
һѾˣΰǰôģ
ȻȥҲǱƵ˲й
ǱƣĴҴȥ
»ҵĲĵʮǱ
ΰһãȻ
ԹȺû뵽ôչȫˡ
ҪǸ󲻳Ȼܱ΢
ΰױθڶûˡ
ΰȫ̶ʡ
˸вˣΰײŻӳڡ
۲ͽΰûвμӺֱӻ˾Ƶꡣ
ΰ룬ȥϴ裬ʡýϷʱ̫
ʱ½ڿųĴתơ
Էʱ⵽ΰûʲôԷҹȥ
½˺þãҵΰ߶˼СϺ
ǵΰҪϾ᳤ܻȣֻζġ
֮⣬гۣһЩĿ
뿪Ƶ֮½ȥһҩꡣ
һЩ»ҩ衣
涼źˣſ˾Ƶꡣ
½ʱΰ׸ոմͷ
һֻ½վ棬źüӡ
ΰ׻ûü˵ͱʳɢζסˡ
ֱֱҹϣ½˲䱻ɰˣ̲סЦЦʦһСѡ
ΰԣطУǸˡ
½̿ǣˡ
˷䣬½ӷϣҿûôԣ͸ҹ
ΰҪȥ򿪴ӣȴ½һסȲ²ʲô
СϺΰʶ˵˳
ô֪һ¾У½Щȡ
ΰ׻˻Դ¶ƤЦֱ
˸ɵĲϷ˾Ͳ˴ӡ
տΰ׻һ½ơ
СϺտȫ𿪣ΰ׸֮Щ꣬Ƶ
½οżһûϵģֲ֡
⻰ΰЦЦİõسҹ
˳ԳԺȺȵʱڽߵĳ˼
ںҹеĽ棬ǸʵΡ
ܾʵ顣
ֺʵԲϡ
֡
Ȼ䣬Ժ
ץһʱڵ㡣
죬һ̳ȥ̸⡣
ǸҲʶμһ˷
μȦΰ׿֮ͺ˼ܡ
ڶ죬ΰ׾Ҫ֣̬ʮ־
ǳüμܣһα׶ˣΰ׶û֡
սΰ׿Ҳġ
ΰһҹ̬֮ȣô붼òԾ
·Ǿ˵ͨˡ
ĳ²⣬𼱻ǵϳؾƵꡣ
ôż˾æӡ
һߣΰ׺½Ѿҹʼ¡Ϸ
ΰɺͼɲԱ
½꼼ɺ׼ٸԷֳݡ
ⳡϷȽϼңΰϲɫһЩСֳ
Ϸ̫ȫȻֱ߰һӣװСϺ֭
һ̧֣ǸӾ͵ϡ
ΰװҸϴ裡
½æӣȻֽݸһӡ
ΰ׽ӹһ߲ſһֹŶ
ĩˣЩ˼̧ͷԲ𰡣ҵȥϴ裬㽲Ϸ
㻹£ٸ㽲
û£
ɡ
ΰ׽ԡң½ʰǽ塣
ʱ
ѵһŽϷ֮ӽΰ׵ˣ
½üͷȥš
Ŀԣ˽һ㶡
𾪹߬ȭͷɫʵΰأ



078  
½ʵʦϴ衣
⻰ͫһ˵ʲô
½ǣЦ˵ϴ裬ôˣ
м£ҿԴΪת
ȻҪǲżҲ
˵Щ½óһ
᲻ĿǷΧ֮ڡ
ֻԼ顣
ס˼½תߡ
ʱס
½תͷȥ
һ룬һȭ绮ա
ûӦӲһȭͷֱֱϡ
һȭ½졣
ǰɢ̻ȣվվס
½ţΰײϲ³ˣûȭȥ
׼ʱȴԷһѾס
ֻ˫ɺ죬ҧгʵǸղʲô
½Īһȭﲻˬѻ˵ģɣҶǳˣأ
ԣǸΪǡҳ׶ϵȭͷҪ½ϴ
½˷Ȼϴ
֧첲ס½һԡ
²ҪٹͲˡ
½ԼС϶úܶࡣ
ĴԿ˿϶
Ȼ½֪ǣǴΰܣؼ֮Ϳ
ôûжϹ¡
½ϣʤԡ
ν½ûٶ㿪ʮӭȥ
ûͱԷһߵڵء
״½ĻᣬֱӰڵϴ
½֮ʣ߷˵ӹԱߵĴƿ
ॡ
֮󣬶ԡǱȥˡ
ΰ׹صˮʵ½ǲǴ鶫ˣ
˵ȣûлӦΪԼ̫Сû
ɤһ顣
ֵǣ½ûж
ΰԽԽԾæ·
ܳԡһΰ׾ˡ
üһſڵɳǿһƬǽ塣
½òɿǸȺ޲ðѶԷ
֪ĻΪʲôѪ
ΰ׵ĳ£عæܹȥȰܣˣ
Ȼ˺ͷˣû
ۿŹ⿿첻Уΰֻȥˡ
½ڵϲס첲Ȱٴˣ
ΰ׵ߡ
عͷΰףü۽˱ô
ΰʲôû˵һƿ
ţ½顣
½ˣջȭӡһ۸С
ƳʲôûУΰ׸϶۸ˡ
һʱ䣬ΰбͷҪǳԱ˳ŵû¸ɣͻȥ̸Ĵ⣬۸ҵѡ
ѹ·ӿŭҧҧʵû۸ң
ΰ׷˸˵˭۸㰡
ҵѡһһ䣬ȫǶ½ά
ѣأˡ
ΰЦʲôûACD
Ҫ˵ΰȵһϸǰξӦøһ
֪ǰˡץסΰ׵֣¶֮ɫһĵģҶĵģҪҡ
Ҫΰǿջ֣һ˿顣
½ȴʱ廰ʦҺۡ
⻰ΰæתȥʵۣ
½صĶۡ
ΰԭƫ½
½ôһ˵ֱӳԶ㣬ﲻӭ㡣
ʲˣôεظϣ϶ܲˡ
һû뿪˼ԹԵˡ
ΰ׷ˣɴ಻ȥԼ½ߡ
ȵĿ⣬ΰڣɵϣҸ㿴
⻰һȫ
ͬǣģ½ߵġ
ΰ׼̲סߴٵ
½Ƴһۡ
Ȼ
ȥԷҪ˹
½룬̼ⷽһҲ
ҪȥˣҸרҵҽ
ΰеġ
ĩˣֶ½ЦϴϢ
½ͷȥֱһקԼȥ
ΰպ˵㣬ֱЦˣǣƾʲôôҪ󣿡
磬ҵķ䣬ҵĴ
Ը˭ɣܵ𣿡
һͨΰһƨɼʾ½ȥ
ۿ½Ҫȥļʵ÷ȴûһ취
ⳡս½ʤˡ
ȻĶʹӣˬԶʹҪࡣ
ҽ֮סΰףߡ
ΰƲƲ죬ҡ
ôϣ޷ĸ첲ڼϡ
Ȼΰ֮ǰѸײڶ֮ư˱
½ע⵽ˣһͦȥΰ׽
ϧ½һ
մӴһſڡ
½״̬£׷ȥ
˻ʵ
ΰס
˷䣬ڴһһʵˣ
סƬ̣ΰ׹⻰ʲô˼һƣôôģ
ͣ¶̧۾Ҷģ
»;Ҷ𣿡
ΰףôôġ
ⷬߣΰֻ÷ǳЦ㲻ԼԹ𣿡
УҪúһ
ǿɲμ󡣡
˵μʹּ֮࣬͵ҺμʲôûС
ΰЦ
ѵûΪί𣿡
ҪǸ˵ûУҾһ
ûʲôе㣬Ψ㲻
ˣȷʵҸû취粵
ΰ׼Ĭץסƿ
Ȼʧӣΰ׸о۵úܣɴһŰ´
عΰȥ
Ŀԣΰȷˣڿɲǰˣǿ/ͬ
ΰ׷ôأǿɬ
뵽ǰ°ؼңΰ׶ܵúѡ
ԣɢҲƣҲصȥԼһҪϧǸΰס
Ȼûпʱ⵹Ļ
ôڣҲûˡ
ôΰףҲǲܵġ
ɥһġ
ΰ׶˶٣ûһȥ
ʲôû˵ֻǾ
ΰëëġ
ѽӲϹɣ
뵽ΰʶ˶㡣
һ룬һô벻Ķ



079 ѧ 
ˣ
ΰ׾õɴ˫ۣǴ㵡
Ҫô벻гһջ¹
عΰ׼æ㿪ϽҲ١
˶٣˵
ΰ׼״Ӵȥһ߰һȰлú˵Щɧ
Ҳú˵㲻Ը
⻰ΰ׻ˣ˫ֱ۸𣿡
ִֵعڵϡ
֮ôΪ֪ΰ
ţֻҪֵòһ㣬ΰ׾Ͳ֮ǰ
һͿͨˮܡķʽöԷϰԼĴڡ
ˮյùȣΰҲܲˡ
ȻС̴죬Ҳֲʵ
֮ʣΰ׾תſȥȻԼźˡ
ɵˣ鷢չôеĲһ
ΰôƣ
֮£һ˹ȥ§סԷϸߡ
ΰعʹ
ϧÿθհƿһ㣬Էֻ
ػس˼飬ΰ۵öͷðˣûŪߡ
ΰû취ֻʵ㵽ʲô
̧۾쳣֣صһ׷Ļᡣ
⻰ΰ붼û;ܾˣܡ
ʶʵΪʲô
ΰüͷͬصҲϲˡ
Ҫ뱨ҴǮͺˣûҪ
ϲϲңһϵûС
˱ܾ׼Щʱ໹ǲеʹ
˻ĵϲ㣬ôûйϵ
ΰЦΪ̣ʲôҶĶġ
ôܣòĿڵ㲻ԸҸϣԡ
ٸһѵݣ𣿡
Ȧ̫ˣᱻͼı˶ϡ
ΰü̲סȥһûͼıˡ
ĩˣΰֵ˵ˣҲܱԼ
ûЩˣ֪ǵֶжġ
ΰЦһٶҲĲμ󡣡
⻰˵ûӣҲҽӡ
һˣΰ׾ͻը
Ȼַ񷭾ˡ
ĬΰҪġ
ᣬΰʹ̵ľ͵ƿ
ûӦ֮ǰΰһ̶˳ȥ
ڵأ̧ͷǵ˿ӰǿЦ
ΰ׻صԼ䣬±øɾ࣬źЩ
ƳϷűΰ׹ȥ
ʦܱǸķ´ܣһԶģϣûиš(½)
ΰ׶Դ˺Ρ
ҪΪ½Ҳᱻñס
뵽ΰײ
Ǹ˾
ΰԽԽܣɴ˴Ӻ
һйֽ֮ؽ۲Ĳ
յЩáϢûЩġ
ԭڣΰڰųˡ
˳ϢȥȴֻǺɫ̾š
ΰְˣ
ڶ죬ΰ˸磬ȥ̽½
ΰҪţ½ͷϢ
ʦҵ˵еأü£Ȼص۶ˡ
ȥúˣôÿҪ˶ϧ
õģʦҲҪúչԼ
ʮӣΰ׷ʱˣֹⳡ졣
ȥƬΰײɫΧˡ
û˶˿
ֱΧ۵ĸо̫ˡ
ΰҪȥױʱྲ֪ĸܳײײĸ첲üŪ۵Сװף湻ġ
׹ྲеġָʲôΰ׿ЦõŹҰɡ
ྲЦЦƽ̬жԱȲѡõġ
ΰ׻λԴһͬӣǶˣ½ϲҡ
ྲԣȣôܣ
ΰ׽͵ģߵýֻϷ⡣
ű˲˵ྲΰײЩ棬ôˣ
ྲû£ҵǮ
Ҿ͡ΰ׻˭һ𡱿˸֣ྲѺ½
ΰ׸ֻͨѣ
ྲˣֲұֳ
ΰ׵˽⣬ΰҪ֪£϶᲻˵ġ
ྲûģСװףȷ½չһ£
޸½Сүͺˬྲͼΰס
ˡྲδΰһĶ
鶼ǸƣҵС
ָűʩᣬ翿Լ
ྲ°ͣǰ˵ⲿϷͻؼң
˵ΰЩ߳ŭʱ֪ѹˡ
ˣྲ˸ĶҲ˵ˡ
һߣһѪˡ
Ŀ»Ҫ죬ʹھƵﴦ
ᰴΪ߾ûˡ
ˣ򿪰ٶȣ롾׷ϲˡ
һ룬ĳһѽ
΢΢ǰ㣬۾ضŵĻһһ
˼𰸣ֳƵǡ
˵ǡҪץסһ˵ģ͵ץסһ˵θ
ȻΪĶ̰֮һ
˶ʮ꣬ûΣ˵Լ
ǳѧҲ˹ܼҺӶˡ
ʲôֻҪС
һͷ

òи׷ŵİ취ζԡ
뷨ѯʣ죬𣿡
Ȼ֪ʲôʵᣬҼҶ
˶٣˸Ƕʵãһ㣬ӷ𣿡
ĩˣǵи׷㡣
ͷȻᰡ
õҪĴ𰸣˿ұѵࡣ
סβŻعҪȥ¶𣿡
ǰɣھѾôˣ
ܲûûա
ˣʦҵڿΡ
һ±Ӧõġ
磬ʹ˸ʦ
һȥ
ʦʵѧʲôˣ
룬ѧ㡣
ΰ׺ϲһˡ
˵ҲȽϼ򵥡
ʦһ㣬ȸ
šһһԹۿ
ֻʦ˵ͽһ㴦ɾɵˡ
ѧδһ㣬ѧʱ䡣
Ȼڽǰ¡
֮½ˡ
Ҳʦˡ
ķһ㣬СװУȥΰס
˭룬߳ݣͼΰ׺½˵Ц˷䡣
ΰͷʪܵģǸϴӡ



080 ϲ 
æܹȥҪֹǡ
˭룬뷿һ֮ңʱž͹ˡ
վ⣬¶ŨŨİԹ
ǰڷ˾ӣͻᷢ֡
ʱ˿̵ͬΰ˵ġԹһģһ
վ⣬ãûֱӴȥ
ϴ½ˣΰ׾˺ü졣
һΣ»ɸصĺǾ͵òʧˡ
ʱȻһơ
ΰ״绰˵Ƶ
ķűˣȡƷ
סƷҪǩȡ
ͷ绰ȴ£ҸŮԱ򡣡
סƬ̣һãȻʵʲô𣿡
ȻС
ΰ׶ȺķĻһ㡣
϶˵Ūһ㶼ŮԱ֪ͨ
ȷʵȥ¥˸ŮԱ
ʱΰ׺½˻죬׼籾ԷϷ
ûڣ绰ˡ
绰ΰһȣнˣ
뵽թƭӺܶ࣬ΰײֹթƭ绰ɡ
绰ͷˣЦ˵һ䣺ҪǮֻҪطǩһ¾Ϳˡ
ΰЩΣսԿõģͻȥ
ҵ绰ΰ½һȥһˡ
½գգۣ¶Щɻʵôˣ
ΰ׸ƽ½ǵ壬һһߴ˵ǾƵҵķţһȥǩ
½Щ֣ȷƭ𣿡
Ӧòǰɡΰʵ̫ȷŴطû·ȥҲû¡
ȥֱ½è塣
ˡΰ׻λԴֲСӡ
½Ը⣬Ҳûǿ
ֻΰ߳ǰϸƵĶ¼ǵúҡ
ΰ΢΢ףʾԼ֪ˡ
ص䣬ΰ׷һ˶ûУЩơ
˵ǩ
ﱻˣ
ΰͳֻ׼֪ͨ˴绰ѯǸʲô
˭룬û㿪ͨ¼ֻ͸ˡ
ΰһԲۣ
ΰؿڣв
֪˻˵𣿡ΰɴžŵĺۼ
Ǹֻǲ뾪ΰףû뵽ԷȻôױš
ΰסؿڻ˻ôҷ䰡
Ҹղ·ûţʲô¾
ΰ˼صͷžˡ
⻰æﷹУҴ˶㡣
ΰ׸ϲӬƵĻӻ֣ãԼ԰ɡ
ϵû٣һڡ
ΰ붼û;ܾԶ㡣
֣һڣҾߡ
ôƤΰ׻ˡ
һȡ
룬ϣûʤԡ
Ϊ˲ΰֻŴԷĳ嶯ɳϣʲô
򿪷УڵصϿ˵㣬Ҽǵϲ
ΰüͷǴˡ
ϲĲμ
˼룬СڣûǴǰˡ
ΰ׳粵һᾭΪμйˣʱĽŻִ
ͻȻûɻ󣬡Ϊʲô
ˡЩ£ΰ׾;öˡ
ӳһڣ˵ﷺίһ˺þòѧġ
˵ʵһԷϧ
ΰһӦòܾ
ⲻ֪ΰ׶Աȴʯĳ
˵꣬ΰ׾Цһʲôϵ
Ҫ֪ǰѧ²ˣ˳ȥƷ˳һԼ˶˼صľ䡣
ڻˡ
ԣɫ˲ˡ
ȻԼ˵Ļ
ҳ˵ûԼϲ֪ۡ
֪ˣ仰Ǹ
촽̶˼£ɬöЩ٣ԭ㶼ǵá
ΰüƤЦⲻЦصҺ˵ˣûʲôŵ㣬Ψ㲻
ûѪɫΰ׼Լ棬ͲҪˡ
Ҳûжϲң𣿡
׷ᣬǲİˡ
͵̧ͷģϲ㣡
ΰƲƲ죬ֻĴ
ֲңô֪Ǵ
ΰĺۣٺȥɴͨ뺣ٲߣҺˡ
⻰ֻ𷹺Уˡ
ߺΰײź֪طӦ
ʲôƵ
ȫĹ
ȥ֮󣬾̾ƻ
գһõ廨
ĵ㣬֪ϰҪȥͻˣͽһдõĿƬϰ壬һ͸ΰס
ʱںΰ졣
СΣⲿѾˡ
ŵ㾵ͷ΢ϣعȣǵת
ΰ׵ͷʱһ
ݱ˸OKƣæȥˡ
˵£ΰܾû΢ˡ
ͽ΢лɴš
յȥʱ̫˸˽ţֻˡ
ȵָֻ㿪һ
ȫڿĵġ
˵һһΰ׵Ƭȥ
ȻҪŻԤһ°ɡ
΢ȥӣըˡ
̣۵Ա΢ˣѡ
ܴܵܵ򰡣ǶĳƬôÿ
װ׺˧
ʧ˿ˣ~
ΰ׷΢ãҲʼжˡ
˵ΰ׾ȥٲǱת˶ƬȻ㿪
ò˵ݶãľͷˡ
ΰ׿֮صȥ˵ݣʦ᲻᲻˰
ЦЦϲôСˡ
Ϊ֤ԼԷ飬ݻ˺˹ϣƬ㲻ɣ
лһ⣬ȴЦŻصȻ⡣
ʵϣϲûô
Ѿʮˡ
Ȧƴʮ꣬òײλá
ΰһˣӲķͷȥôû
Ժִ
ûа֮ǰǲὫ¶ġ
Ҳôչȥ
ȫΰȥˣ˭ǵ
ţѹΰ׷ͷʱһöĹиϢ
磬иʣΰ׵ϣҪ𣿡
ʲôϣ
ûң˵Ǵϡ
Ǹе΢Ƹңġ
õ΢ţпϲ
ϵմϵĹУ̼Է
˵˲бͷ
ԭΪǮģû뵽ȴ仰
һ֮£ͰƬ΢ϡ
ܿ죬ΰҹѣĴѡ



081 ק 
ΰ׸շģֵʱ
Է˿Ǻܿע⵽ˣΰҹѣѴ
費̸
Ҳϲΰ׼ӣȻˣ
磬ֵݼʱ⣬ҵ
û˷ΰҲ˧
ΰڻûʲôƷ˿Ǵǳġ
һسܶŮѷ۾Ͱ·ˡ
عƬĹз˿٣ټǵӸ߲£ܿͱǰ
ˢϢһʱȥ㱨ܣˡ
ʱڴΰס֣ĿӵĻŲʵʲô£
򴽣ȻԥҪҪʵʵ˵
ЩţΰλãѾ˷ǳֵ˽⡣
죬ΰ׺ͱ˶䣬ҪԴס
Ҫ֪ѵ£ô
ĬһɲԤУѻش𣿡
˿ͷؿС΢ϱƬ˵ҹѡ
ɫѣ
仰صɱ첻ܿƵض˼¡
߬ȭͷסӿŭ𣬡ȳȥ
ɴ⣬׼֮󼪣ֺסȵȡ
ͣ½ŲתʵʲôҪԸ
ĻоΰҹѣޱȰۣùزѴˡ
ܣǳѿܲ
üͷʲô˼
죺½ǳˡ
ܶ˾ʮְ䣬׷CP
ѳˣǻǻŪµѡ
֪CPʲô˼ֲ˼졣
ãֵȰѳ˵
ͷõģ
һߣֻ΢鿴
ΰλÿǰҪȥѣһѰƼˡ
ĵƬܺһϳˣΰ׷ŵ˭
½Сǳıӵ
ôǽǣĲɣ
ҧҧջûסһȭϡ
ȥΰʸǶԷڸڷ䡣
ȥƬΰҪ
֮£ֻѹǻŭ
Ѿ⣬ȵԷչȥô¡
Ȼѯ֮ǰҸæ̽һҲ
Ƭ˷š
Щ˴Сʱǿס˼Ͷ뵽С
ǻѣЧʱƽʱ˲١
ƬΰһϷͼԱһõ廨˹
ΰѯʣȴԱȵʦĻ
סƬ̣ΰüۼɻ󣬡˭͵ģ
Աϰû˵
ΰ׽ӹõ廨ڻмĿƬ
ֻдһ֡
ּƷǷ
ΰףһĻᡣ
ϳд֣ΰ׾쳣֡
ʱƬ˺ȻʵСΣô£
ΰգգۣãȻ֮ɫʲôѣ
ƬԴŶϷ϶֪ʲô
ĩˣƬóֻ΢ݹȥ
ΰ׽ӹĿⴥݣҹѣ
Ƭ˳̽۾ΰ׼æ͵Ǵ½ȶˣҲŻط䡣
λĽƬװʵûˣ
ΰ׷ʣȻʲô
ƬЦЦ˵Ǹͬѧطû뷨
ΰΪǵľԱ̸ȥⲿɲõӰ죬öڳ֤ԼҪиʱˡ
־ᶨسɴƬ˿֮࣬ԼԽˡ
˼䣬ΰ׻һϷҪģͱױʦٻȥˡ
ΰײױʱĿⴥõ廨Щͷۡ
ͱбҹѣõ廨ĳ֣ʵţ
뵽ΰͷˡ
ȷʵ֮ǰѺ½һˣֻԾˡ
һȺNɪòС
֮£ΰֱ̾
ʦüױʦѡ
˼ΰչüͷԼȥ¡
ʮ֣ݽ˰㡣
ΰ۵̯ϣųԱз
Ŀ֮ʣȻоǰӰһΡ
ΰʶ˫ۡ
Ƴ½Աߵϣΰʵ
½ʦ鷳ˣǸ
ΰײǵһκ˴š
ոյ֪Ϣʱﲢûʲô
ֱԱõ廨Ÿоµļ֡
ΰ֪·ߣ˿˵ҲǺҪġ
Աڱ飬˵൱ڷ˿ۡ
ãķ˿϶ʧܶࡣ
ΰ룬½ʱȱܱӰɡ
½Щܣ˽أ
ԴһСӣΰײЩá
⻰½͵̧ͷϲ˼ǣһǰһʦ뽫⣿
ΰ׿ЦõֲҪ
ĿĴɣ½˿Һòǡ
˼䣬ΰΪ˱ӣ⻻λϢ
ΰ׺۾ĿʱƬܹʵСΣѳˣ½СүĳҪҪ
ΰûмŻش𣬶ʵ鳷ѣ
ƬսԿЩڣԣ鳷ġ
Ͷ̣ɲǾ鳷ġ
룬Ҳƭΰס
Ƭ˵İЩ
ΰûж룬ʵ˵лл
ƬԣвУԡҪæΪˡ
ΰվԭأƬԻҵĽŲɻ
Ҳû˵ʲôƬô±ץƵġ
ΰ벻ס
ǡͺзĳԱˣͲپ⡣
ԹϢһСʱ
רȣɻˡ
һߣԴյƬ˷Ķţ˲١
֪ΰ۹ߵúܣʲôèϲ
ˣЧȻŸˡ
Ӧʱȶˡ
ƷȶֻǾţ˽˸
ҹɫ
ｻľƾҲĻ
˳ֳŶͷڳϡ
״æ˱ˮͽҩһݹȥ
˭룬ξȻܾˣû
һ⻰֪òᡣ
ȻϳԵҩҲû취
˾Ƭ̣ˣɡ
˾˵ͷ棬š
Լ˰СʱͣھƵſڡ
ʱƬǱҲչˡ
ڹԱܶ࣬һֳߡ
ΰҪױûжŵһ˳ˡ
صƵ꣬ΰ˸ĹǷ۽ˮ
˵ݵִס¥㣬ΰ۾ߡ
ߵԼʱźȻ򿪡
ΰ׻ûӦͱһֻק˽ȥ



082 ǲܵ 
ΰ׸о󱳵ڱŰϣŻع
ۿҪΰüͷת
˿գе㲻ˡ
ûǿаΰ׵ǽʹڶԷľѡ
ȵϢ棬ΰ
ţһ¡
ˣ׵ʱ򻹻䣬ͷΰġ
ΰײԼֻ󹷵Ĵ
סƬ̣ΰһһߵ۾Զ㣡
޶ԣΰܻ㹷˻Լ
Ȼ͸Ƶģûͣ˼
ΰ˿Լ侲
ʱȻ̧ͷ
ΰŷ֣Ʈ
ɢһŨŨľζΰײ²ԷӦǺȶˡ
һ϶вͨġ
붼Ҫ롣
ȶ֮ƽʱࡣ
һŭԷڴϰӲϹǾˡ
ΰ룬ҹˣҪȥϢˡ
⻰ܾУ
˿̫ΰ׸оڣ̲סŤ£Ȱҷſ
ԣΰ׵ִ˼֣š
ΰ״ִ򲻹ֻѹסǻ꣬һ䣺Ҫܰҷſ
˵˾񣬡һ׷Ļᣡ
Ҫ׷ѾǱʶ
ºȶˣӲѣҲѿڶ
֪۾ӣر񹷹Եͷ
ֻҪźŷͻ˹ȥ
ȵĿ⣬ΰֻͷƤ飬·ʱᱻ븹
ΰ׻ӲͷƤֵܡ
˳ĽëӳϣԵЩˡ
üۼŨûĳƣָƽ˼ֿ
ΰ״סˡ
عд
ΰ治
˳ٺãҲڸǲ˹ıԣ
ɸԼþãΰ׺Ȼһơ
һ֮ǰͷ̬ȣһϷ϶ĺȥϴвУ
ʵ۾С
ҹȥΰ׹ǣЦȴûе۵ס
ðҸ̫ͻȻɴ۾ǲ˼顣
ΰײ֪ôģĿ¾ȻЩ飬߰ɡ
΢΢ףǣΰ߽档
·λƣײӾײӣΰ׼ֱˡ
ΰ״սپͰλû
ǰ·
˭룬ƹȻ⣬Ҫǰ棡
ΰͼֱӰߣ
վԭأǿؿ
ò˵֮С
СûôѸ㡣
ΰˣüʵΪʲôҪǰ棿
֨ĬĬǰɵЦ
ΰ׷˸ۣɵӴǰߡ
ԡңΰװƵͷ¡
ΪҪϴԧԡǳԾؽ⿪Ƥ׼·
ΰ׾ͫһƽٶס
ƤǲʵҪϴ𣿡
⻰ΰױͷۣͷȵѡ
ΰͻȻôףҲˡ
Ϊ˲ΰֹĻᣬֱӽˡ
ʯƶɵĿɢڵأȴûǡ
Ŀⴥĸߣΰڵһ±ͨ졣
һʱÿ뽻۾Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ֱ¶ϰӵΰ׻û
ڳ̫ΰסΣſع
ΰֱӰƵͷ£ˮǱߵĿء
һ룬ˮк£ֱֱϡ
ΰ׹һʵ𣿡
ԼղʲôӲĨ۾ˮˡ
ΰɫȻҾͻȥˡ
´ٺȵơ׽ϲΰ˵һ䣺ȻҪҡ
⻰һ˫ۿɼذȥ
ΰûʲôС
Ҫ֪ǰôġ
ͬķʽȥ
ס˼ΰתߡ
첲ͱס
׼תȥʱȴ§һůĻ
ΰôʧ񣬵ܿͻع
ԭůϱܵʹࡣ
ΰ˿ﲻһ˿¶ȣſ
ԥ˼룬δɢľ⣬ĵߡ
ΰ޶ԣظһ飺ſ
һΣζЩɫ
򴽣֮ǰ󣺡ΰףֻҪһλᣬҾԻʹǰǣˡ
ΰ붼û;ܾˣҪѾϲˡ
˵֮ΰ׾ȥۡ
ţΰס
鼱֮£ΰףһĵģһκòã
ΰ׵Ȼš
ԭȵ뷨ǴܾףöԷ֪Ѷˡ
תһ룬ôҪˣܻһ㡣
Ϊΰָףĵǲܵģϵԡ
ʵʲôϵ
ΰЦЦ³֣ˡ
ͫһһȻԼ⡣
ΰü𾪼ǲܸ㵱˵ġ
֮⣬ˡ
ôҪˣ϶ܲš
ʵϣǡ෴
ľ㵹ʶݵĺô
ʲôܾˡٿԶΰ׹ػ
֮⣬Դ׶˳ˡ
ԽԽ˷ܣ·δ֣ʹӦˣá
ΰɵˣûУҵˣ
ͷ֪
ĩˣ˷ܵҪְ𣿡
ΰŵһֱƿˡ
ص䣬ΰϴ裬˴
ΰ׷ȥʼ𲻳˯⡣
òУɴ򿪴ͷϵ̨ƣű
ԽԽã£ڰʯͷԼĽš
˵ģֻ֪ôͱ
綥ҵˣȻҪˣ
ֱԻ
Ը⵱Ըء
ΰˣԷҪ˵£ʸڷϡ
ԡҲû˿Գ֤
ΰ׾ƹˤ泩ˣ˯Ҳˡ
գȻͬΰϣһ
λ֮ͣΰ֪ʵ
ЦЦܵγˮȻȷҪЩְ𡣡
ΰ׹װɵˣ
⻰һͣġ
ΰŲߣҲ֪˵ʲô
ۿΰ׷ˣּ
ΰ׼״ǰͷã᲻ˡ
æ
𣿡ԥͷΰ׹ǣĵһ£ǲҪҡ



083 ֱ 
һ⡣
ôѡΰԶԶġ
ʶ㣬Ϊѵľء
˼֮ʣΰ̧һۡ
ߵʮٲȥ緹ͳˡ
ֱӰƳ⣬ҡ
仰ΰŷﳤȥ
վԭأǵһ˿ıӰ촽̶˼£ûڡ
ΰ˵ˣȥ
ǶԷ̫ˣ֪ô⡣
ΰ׳Թ緹ҴææȥƬ
ױĹе㳤ΰ׾ģˢ΢ʱ䣬
˭룬һȥͷ˽ըˡ
ΰ״Է˷ҹѵ¡
ǱѾ˳ôһʡ
ΰ׾֣ȥһ¡
ԭ˰յõ廨Ϣ΢ϡ
ЩӪǹĵġ
ǵʵ½鲻ɣ
ֻҵ
ױȥΰżһֻС˼Ƭһ΢
ΰVcueͼƬ.jpg
Ӧ飬һҪҵҪ˷츳
ܿɰһǸ뿴硣
Цˣǡ
õ廨˭͵ģ
ΰ׿ۣǸʼٸߡ
Ǹ˾
ǰӰĸ飬Ӱҵ
ȻԷԶȽϺá
СΣһ¡ݾȺ
ˡΰס˼ܴ߹ȥʵôˣ
ȶԶϷΰ׵Ĳ⣬ó籾˷ָ˺ܶʼǵһҳ˵Ϊ½ûãĲϷҾͰⳡͷϷƵˡ
Ӧûɣ̽ʵ
û⡣ڼ¾籾ΰ˵ĳ
أƫͷѯϡ
ΰӦôˬ죬ϲ뱻ȥŵͷҲԡ
ݵõҪĴ𰸣һӣȻСʱ֮ǿʼʽ㡣
ʵϣϸ֪ⳡϷҪʲô
ȥ꿪ʼҪ˼ͲϷǷھӪϡ
˵ϳƽֲ߲ȵ͵ȦӦû˴Ŷԡ
ʵǡǡ෴ǳ㡣
ϵ̣µˣкܶʶˡ
ԭڶ֮䵱
̿ĸԱͿջƭ͵̴ϡ
ԱһɽҲ԰æܡ
ĸԳȡɣԼ
ͷϾͲǰͷϷϹȥˡ
ݸղҪ󣬶˵Ǹ⡣
óոµľ籾׼Լ̨ʣȻƳΰˢ΢
ܲƽ⡣
ƾʲôΰ棬ȴҪ̨ʣ
ţΰױֵг񣬶װơ
˵׼ȻϷΰҪ1,2,3,4
뵽ϵĽȥ
㷭˼¾籾ͺʶĸȥˡ
Сʱȥ׼ʱ׼ȣ׼Աȥ򳡡
㿪ʼ
ΰͬһ㣬Ϸֻգ۵Ĺ
ϣһ̨ʾͿˡ
ü
ϲǾ䡣
ΰ׶̨ܰʱﷴӦ
ΪͬһԭNGʵ̲סˣϣΰ˵̨ʾ͸ˣôľͷƵģ
תҾǸҽ岻
ܲģһ׼
ܡ
ʱ̨ˡ
ڴ֮ǰΪΰ׵һͷİо
ͷһתϣͱˡ
ֱĴȣϣݵĶʲôƨ
ϺΣ֪Լʱ⣬ûûӡ֣ɴֱӵǸԲҸ߹Լ״ΪԼ֡
˵ϣҲȥúϢ
⻰ϾʮȾϹʵڱǸ
ĩˣȥΰǰСΣôʱ䣬ǲ˼
϶ô˵ˣΰȻû¡
ʵΰͦġ
ϵϷԷûݼ̬⡣
˱湦̫ãҪͻԵãˡ
ΰ
ŵݵƻʱ䣬ΰ׾Ϸȥɱйߡ
ʱྲͻȻСװף㲻
ΰʵе㡣
ྲԣļοʦҲ岻
Ͻ鲻ΰ̽ʵǰй𣿡
ྲҡҡͷûС
ΰ˼ͷ
ѵˣ
ΰûҹϷչˡ
ΰ׼ؾƵʱྲȻסʦöԲ㣬ҰæǣߣԶ
ΰ룬С
ྲΪǣˣҲҪȥġ
˾һǰԤλõĻꡣ
ȥᣬЦһ߰æһк
ϴ£ֽ˵ݹȥǿҪԵʲôǧҪҿ
̬ôãΰҲöţͬЦصллʦ
ϰڰ֣ЩãҸ鷳
ΰԣЦ˼֣ôˣ
ȥҩھƵһ죬Ѿöˡ˵ɷ¡
Ǿͺá˵ѣΰ׳ȥġ
ŵ˵Ͱ˷Ա
ܿ죬һԱŹףһԱƳװ˵Сһǰһ˽
˳Եģΰ׵עתƵˡ
ż˵Уΰ׼ˢ΢
и̤ʮ
ˡ
ΪϳԹˣΰζس
ò˵̫ˣΰ׳Եöҡ
͵͵˶û֡
ΰ׳ԷһȷʵΪάԼ裬һиҵ˵ҪҸޣҪɾСԱ
ʱ;ΰ׺ܺʣųλգ̡
ΰ׺ϵͬѰܺý
ݵλˣڰ¿϶н񱡣
һΰױ˯׾ûȤˡ
΢ʾ㿪
Ǹ̷Ϣ
ˣʲôʱܸ㵽֣
Һ죬Ҫʱ䡣
죬귽治㡣
뵽һǮ֣Ǽ
Ƭ̹סһӦྲһ߸̷Ϣ
Ǵ㳤ڣˡ
Ȼ档
Ͽ˿
ҺλǮֻǴ棬ʰΰ׻õȵǮˡ
ȷĿѡһϵˡ
Ϸֻʼΰ׽
ΰæųԹϣȫûôϡ
һصƵꡣ
ΰԼζȥԡ˸衣
ԡҳΰ׼ӰȻ
ΰ׿һʱ䣬ʱ仹ȥŴˡ
ֻվ棬üۼŨŨ
ΰе㾪ȣǲۡ
ϾǰҶˡ
ĵİ
ס˼ΰЦˣ



084 ıˤϡ 
ĿԣնҶѡ
˼һ죬ŷԼΰ״˼ά
ǰãˡ
ΰܿɣԷֹ׷
ס˼סΰļ򣬱鼫ΣҶҪ׷
ΰ׳ϵ֣ͬ˵Ҳ㣬ǾԲӦġ
˶٣ûϵǻкܳʱ䡣
ΰ̲ס˸ۡ
治֪š
ҵСǹȥˡ
Ų˷ں͹˵Ľϣֵá
ΰ׼ʱȻƳһӰܹ
ˣŷ
Էż̬ΰ׾ù˾Ǳ߿ܳ¡
뵽ΰƫͷϵĿⰵ
ǰһʱֻҪ͹ײϵʱѡ
ΰײҪʣ֪ӡ
һĵ˵ЩǺͷƨûв
һ죬ʲôûС
ΰ֮ʣܵǰһߴһ˵ܣиڽĿشȫ¹ʣѾҹȥˡ
סƬ̣üͷô£
ĿˣҪܲ˵ִ֪ܵ
Ϊ´ĸӰ죬ŹƱµ
ɶĸҪҪȥһˣ
ǰϢ϶Ⱦߡ
һˡ
Ķϵΰϣ뿪Է
οҪôˣΰǸӣ϶һŰ߿
׷޽һֱŲ˵۶͸ᶯˡ
ȥִ֣ɶǿ϶
⿿᰿϶Ƕסġ
Σѡ
ΰ׵ȥþûпڣַꡣ
ΰɤӣڴƽ֣㻹Ͻȥ
ԣɫôϣߣ
ôᣬҾĴ󷢰ѡ񿩡ΰ΢΢һЦЦûе۵ס
˵Ҫ𣿡ΰ׾Լ̫ˡ
ǡٴα⣬Ҫġ
𣿡ΰ꣬ǰ˵һ䣺Ҳš
⻰ǿɬ
Ȼ׷ΰ˱ܴ׼
ǵα⣬ΰײ֮ԱǾǳŻ̬ʱǸоˡ
ΪΰǰȴԷˤϡá
˿ѹסһһĳʹУҪôſţ
ΰЦһܵҪ󣺡ڳ
ҪûĲܻҰѵ
ĬΰĹ⡣
ΪҪľЧ
Ҫ˵Щ䶼Ҫˡ
ΰ׳ע⣬Ѹ˷䡣
ĩˣѸײڶ֮ƣ顱һš
ΰ룬ְѼӰסţų׷
ȣȽյţüۼǳ
վһԣԥβ׳ǰȰܣȻʱûнչȻȥ¹ʣ
۾ͻͻֱ̫Ѩ
֪˶ã۾ܵذɡ
ɻѾڵˣҪʰЩ
ʰȥٻأʲô
ǻǰĲΰףͶ˵ڸ
ͷõġ
ص۶ʱѾǰҹ㡣
£˯š
һȥ˾ˡ
֪Ҫֱڹ˾Ӱࡣ
ȥ칫ңͼ۵ڵڵǰרĵû֡
սԿ߹ȥʵ϶𣿡
̧ͷˣʹ
һߣΰ׻ڳ˯š
Լ˵ԵʣΰѵõһΡ
ֱӳʱǶ״̬
ΰ׹صӣȺ﷢֪ͨҪĵһϷƳٵʮ㣬ɻش϶˯һСʱ
ڶΰ׻û˯
ϧٽ˯Ҫٵˡ
ΰȥƬͱױʦˡ
ױΰĴתһ£ͱϺסˣСΡ
ΰͣ½Ųתʵôˣ
籾Ϸ
ĩˣ״˼ͷʹˣԲ̫áʣȺԶԡ
ΰԣȻӦðҪĳ
Ϸ籾ǳɡ
˸ط£˵ضϷ
ǰ׼ζϷǳ
֮ΰԴǸʦܱǸ֮ǰ㡣
º͵ЦЦżͣûϵྲ˵ûж⣬ֻǶԴ±Ƚ档
ΰ׸˼ˡ
ϲˣлһâ
ȻûʲôСǺƭ
ΰײעʱ͵˼ƬλǮܽ
ܿ죬ǮܻϢ
Ҹ׼òܰƭ
Ҫʱ䡣
̫ˣʮ֮ھ͸Ҹ㵽֡
ĿⴥϢϲüͷ
ʮ̫ˡ
ʱǮַϢ
˵ӰȦֻҪҰ£Ҿ͸һӰԴ
û⣬͵ջɡ
ֻƳһ۳ھ籾еΰףγһƻ
ΰע⵽ڿ̲ס̧ͷȥ
ϵ۾ΰԼʵж𣿡
ҡҡͷûС
ΰԣһɻʣΪʲôôã
Ͻ͵ǾװϾ籾һͿˡ
⻰ΰײɫһ
ȷ϶Էû뷨ջߡ
ϱץˣûٿ
ΰģͰæˡ
һΰ׵ϷҪˡ
ⳡϷûʲô¡
³ΰ׵Ϸˣû߿
ˣҪѸٻΰΣԷķõİ취
ǡ³ϷҪִ
ʱ͹ΰ״
뷨ΰһϷȥ˵СΣȻΪ˳ָõıЧһҪ򰡡
ΰײ԰Ϊʲôô
ѵǸMɣ
ΰɻʱͼ½ָָֻ
ΰᣬֻ
Ϻ֣㲻Ҫߵ̫
ôˣ
е㸴ӣȥٺ˵
ΰ׿½ͷʾ֪ˡ
ڶϷ㿪ʼ
Ϊ˵ΰҲû
ȭȭⲻ˵ҪɱҲݵرС
֪ϷǱΰŵˡ
ΰٻȭͷʱϱܵԱһ㡣
һŲȿգۿžҪˮ
šҪҲ汳뷨Ͱΰһק
½״붼ûȥΰΡ
ΰ˵лл¶мЦݡ
һĻǡñ͵Ĺĵˡ



085  
ʱҶˮˣûע⵽λ֮͡
½ˮԺܺãͽΰ״ذϡ
̫£ΰ׾þûز
ΰСʱ
ʱʼرˮ
ÿˮľͷҪþõ衣
ˮΰʲô׼ûУŵ֫ˡ
½Ҳվ
½״ɴԼϢһ
ΰͷлл
ĩˣΰƫͷĿͶˮ
λʼٸ߻
֪ô£Աȥȴȫָӡ
ԱҪƣˣɵҶ
ݼ״ֻһԱȥ
һһҼϣѾţ֮Ű˴
ڵϣ۵ָͷ붯
ԭô£ڼŶԷ״ҲǰʣͰеҽԱָŵز˻ΰ˵Ǽһ¡
Ϊۿɼص㣬ΰ׾ͱ顣
ΰûʲô
Ϣΰ״һΧ
˶עϣΰʵԶ㣬ʲô
½ɤӣͺܶ฻ǣ塣
ΰһĨȣʮˣ̿ζôأ
ͣҪǳɣΰ׻΢⡣
Ϻ⼸ָմߡ
ⳤ˧ŮصȦֻ֮ˡ
ΰȫ⣬Щôῴ
ΰ׵Ĳ⣬½ЩЦãȥˣ
˵ͺܶ฻ǣ壿ΰײ֪Լˡ
ΪƷ½Ρ
ܣȷûעߣ½Ŵ촰˵Ϊȷʵֻ֣Щ̽ܡ
ΰһ񺮣˴첲ⲻƤ
½šһԲԶ㡣
ΰ׻⼸ĽӴ϶̬ȻӦûҡ
⻰½Щɻ󣬡ôȷû뷨
ΰдʵҲûй飬ӴҲֻΪϷ
½ҡҡͷ̫ͬǺβͻû¶
šΰϳβǾĿԴ
ע㣬Ҫȥ
֪ˣҪʲô£һ˵ġ
һƳҽԱˣĬر졣
ΰˮʱ䲻Ǻˮء
ǵܵľŲСҽԱͽȥϢ
ΰףϵضˡ
ԱʩȵĹУϴʼնϣ͵˺ܶˮ
Щˮ࣬ۿܿСζ
ڿϸ֪ж١
£ϲòȥҽԺϸ顣
ΰ׻˾Ƶ꣬뵽Ǹĺˮԡϴ衣
ϴ飬ֱȫģΰײŴԡҳȥ
ͷΰϣ΢СŹ˹䡣
ֽûʲôϳԣͷֻ˯ˡ
Ϸʱ䣬ΰ׻û˯Ժܿͽ硣
ʱ͵ĳɹĹѾƬԼĳ
йϣմӴɽ߳Ĵˡ
ǰϰ忪˵к׬Ǯ͵˹С
в֪ȷʵ׬Ǯĵϵù
Ĺϣΰ׺½һ䡣
ʱΪܶһʡ
˭룬ΰ׺½û͹˾
֮£ֻϵˣͼһǮ
˼ûæһ
úܣ͸ΰס½ˡ
ڶ顣
û뵽һĵ½ˡ
϶ˣƬŵϻۡ
ξ黹ǲǮҲ԰֡
Ǯ֣æصס˾ŽǶΪƬ΢
Cλƽǡ
ʵϣֻɵĴλͼ
֮⣬˿˵£дü롣
ϴϵ׷ռVǺðƬȡ(PSûϷ˿ǲϴˡ)
ϸհƬȥСʱѡ
ΰ¾̫ɫüҾŶӸов
Ƭһسͣˮû侮ʯ
оϵľŶӡ
ˮм˿Ǻܿˣΰ׺½͵͵̸
һʱ䣬ΰ΢ͳʸ֮ġ
ѾѾѾ
ֲ·ߣżô
ӣ̫ʧˣ
öİ̸ˣƭû̸yueˡ
˿ǸоԼƭˣ׷ѷǽ
Ψҵۻڿ֧š
ԭֻǾΰҵˣ϶һɾ͡
۶ܲð칫ҡ
ͼĸνε¹⡣
ɵĸӰ̫ҪǲֲܸƱƻҪµ
ʱ򣬹ɶǵǮûˣ϶Ҫ
룬͸оͷ۵
ơ

̧ȥֻվſڣֹ
ʶҪ˵ݲ̫㣬üĸȻȥ
ˣʵʲô£
ᰵͷСˡ
ӣȻ󣿡
˼Ͳһ˵˳½Сүһƽա
Ϊ˵Լںܶ˿ñƭ顣
ڱúܲң΢ȫԻ
زֱѹȥʵ䷴ѹֻһֱ
ò⣬ô¡
ԽüͷԽ
տʼΰ׺½š
ǵΰױܶʱ͹˲ʲôˡ
äĿţܾΰ׺½ʲô
ΰ˵Ҫʲôоˡ
ΰ׾ǴӸпʼϲġ
˼Ƭ̧̣۾
һȥô¡
ڶҳƬĹС
Щ۹ֵIDǷʦ
ԣָ⣬ŵ巢ʦԲ˳
Ǿþ鷢
õġ
ߺֻΰ΢
Ȼͬ˵ȫЩĿĻ
һۻظ
粢Ƿ֮أעԴǡ
仰ȥûãͷԼһȺΧˡ
Ĵɵ/ơ
粢Ƿ֮أб˳߹Ұ
ЦˣۻҪ˹ܡ
۲
ֱð
㣬˺ΰǱȣǧ֮һ
֪ΰ׿Щۣжܡ
ΰףְ᰺ԸȰѳˣЩ˰ΰϴһϴҪЩ
䣬Ȼеˣ



086 ת 
ͫһô£
ǱߴϢˮ
ȥˣ½Сүȴһ
ƬʮңͻؾƵϢȥˡ
ԣ۵׵ĵǶҪˣû˴ȥҽԺ飿
ҡͷûУֻеҽԱһ¡
ľ
ΰ׺һ⼸꣬ɴûԹֿͷ
ԽԽġ
Ƭ̣˵ᰣҶһȥ񴨵ĻƱ
ӲͷƤѵгѾˡ
üͷƵȫˡ
СصЩг̶ҪûһƵġ
⻰ַ꣬г̱ҿ
Ӧáܴ߻صλг̱ͼ˹ȥ
㿪ͼƬɨ۷ֻǺ˵һЩгȫҪ
һʱ䣬еΪѡ
룬׳ŵȰܣֵ֮Ȱߵ鴦ˣȥȽϺá
̧۾üۼǲãᰣԽˡ
⻰һԭҲȰ죬ĬĬߵĻʻ˶
᰸ֱȫ̴ҳ
ûЩźЩ
ãȥ뺽ߣҪȥ
ᰵͷõġ
ȷûˣקһˡ
˰칫ң˶һۣԴӶԷжһ뷨
׷޻᳡¡
ߺ󣬰칫ָֻ˰
˼ȴܿƵƮԶ
£
Сʱȥһҳļûꡣ
ڵʮμעʧܸպ˳Ӧġ
ڳõĺ뱻ˣֻó¿ֻ˴绰
ⲻ֪ǣҶǵС
һ绰ȥͽ˯ΰ׳ˡ
ΰ۾ڴͷϵֻ
Ǹİ룬ΰ붼ûֱӹˡ
⣬˳Ǹӡ
Ȼհѵ绰ҶϣǱָ˹
ΰ׷òУɴʵλ
̲صĻǰֶԷӣ̽һ䣺˯
֪绰Ƕ˵ΰûҸ
˵ˮʵڷĲ¡ǵǣźСѵ˵˽ϸòã
ΰ׾űǣһͷҺܺã𣿡
Īΰ׺ˣЩί
ΰײˣȻ
Ҫǻˣͱ׻ȥˡ
ȻΰףҪίΰףˡ
ΰɫĮصƨ¡
£ΰûٸԷڵĻᣬֱӹҵ绰
ֻ¶Ц
ΪЩŬǱĬиıΰ̬ȡ
˭룬ΰǸʯĳ
δɹͬ־Ŭ
̲ס̾˿
뵽ϷȥǳԵĪЩ⶯
ҪÿˣҲȥݰϣ
Ǽᶨͷһݷ뷨
飬ƬյЩ۹ֵID˵ȥǰʦ
֮⣬ƬǶȵļƵ
ϡࡿ֣һ΢
ΪóЧ㣬ƬѰǰλá
ԹȺŷ
Ƶ˶ɵˡ
˵õСƬأ
Ͳڣ
ʶԼֱǹʹԹȺ֮ЩΡ
ϴΰǱȥ˽ɫûþͳַת
û뵽û뵽
ǣΰ׺еаŰ
ҲôãҸоҪˡ
ˣΰ׵ĹԺҲˣǿĵġ
˵㹻װ£ҪգҪݼݼˡ
ȥ˵Բ֮ǰһֱѾš
ڶԹȺڵĹ
ܿ죬Ƿ׷ȥΰ΢£ˢһһġԲ𡱡
زҵˮɵˡ
ô·ɱôˣ
벻ףֻܸظɻᱻȥ
ڼҾŶˮˮںΰһͻᱻΧ
Ǵδļƣŵ÷׷ײˡ
ΰ߲ɹŤתۣո˺ôһ
ܶڰгԹϵԱ״ڸпΰ׺ľŶ
ⲻ֪ˣʱں˯
Ϸ飬һ֪
ΰһѾ㡣
ñĶӣΰڼеĴߴ£ò´ҵ㶫ԡ
ȥΰײŷǰСɣѾøɸɾ
ſտյİװΰػ·š
µһ¥ΰ߳ݣྲСװס
ΰתͷֻྲӶǲ˳ЦӯӯʵҲҪȥԷ𣿡
԰ΰ׵ͷ
ȻǾһȥྲ
СΰˬӦˡ
Դ֪ЩH£һֱһྲġ
ã˯ʱ˸ͷˡ
ΰ׹ǣŲظྲ˳ȥ
ǵӰӻظж࣬ྲһҲСĿꡣ
ȥΰɨһ۷͹ΣЩȡ
ྲΪæǽ͵Ǽһһ㣬ζرá
ΰЦЦ㣬ˣֻǾҵҵꡣ
ྲЩ⣬ҵôˣ
ΰףǸоֱСûб˴·ҵõ
⻰ྲ°ͣһ˵ǣҳġ
ΰ˳ƿ޼䣬Ȼ󻰷һת˵£㣬ʦʲôʱʶ𣿸оǹϵܺá
ྲƫͷüŪʵԴ
ΰסྲͷЦ˵ֻǿЦⷴӦҲ̫ɰ˰ɣ
㡪ΰЩ߳ŭ
ˣҲ˵ˡˣྲЦݡ
սԿྲش֮ǰǸ⣬Һϵãǰҡ
Ҹճʱ򣬵һγϯֱ۳һϰ嶢ϡ
ҪʦаҿܾѲˡ
ΰ˼صͷ
ԭţһԷĻᣬ˵˵ЩH¡
Щΰ׾ʱȲ˵ˡ
ྲԼ˵꣬ΰױĲɵģЩ֣Сװףôˣ
ΰ̧ͷûʲô
о̫˵ྲҲû׷ʣ˵£ܽûҪ𣿡
ΰ˼룬ö˶˵˵
ྲ˫һ߻Цһ߻ص˵˵˵½Сү
ΰ׸Īˣôְ½ˣ
ྲȻһ
ĩˣྲشչȥһ㶼𣿡
ΰƲƲ죬ġ
һߣϷΰ״η粨ȫˣµļƻ



087 ҹ 
ٴϵϹйϡ
Ϊ˱յϣûԼ΢źš
ҪһСţϿʼ׳ն
ΰ׵ϣҪҪ
ʲôϣ
Ͷ̹ϵһ㡣
ϿϢ۾ᡱһ
Ҫĵ˵ƬҪ׬ˣ
ǸϾ˷ܵñ˿ǰǷϡ
ûȥϸԷЩʲô⡣
ԣθɵΰεˣԼ׬ϴǮֵȥעĵ㡣
ֵܣ֪֪ΰ⼸Ϸʱ䣿
ʱȻ㡣
лˣ³֮Է
ȱ𼱣Ͷص۶ˣ֪ͨ㡣
Ϣһˮõù˷ܾûˡ
תһ룬ΰ׻ͦá
Ͷ᲻Сˣ϶ᾭ̽ࡣ
⣬ֻҪʮ£ĵҪƬ
һߣΰ׺ྲ꿾㣬ݺȻ˵绰
ΰ׽ʵݣʱңҪ˵ҹϷ𣿡
ЦϬһʲôû˵Ѿ֪ˡ
ĩˣֵӦû˰ɣ
һ죬ΰ׹ͷҪˣȻŹȥĻᣬû£ֻǱˡ
Ȼû£Ǿ͹Ϸɡ
á
ͨ绰һྲչȥʵҪȥҹϷ
ΰ׵ͷ԰
߳꣬ΰ׷ѾˣĲԵˣƫͷ˵㣬ȥ
ྲܾˣã֪ôȥֱȥƬС
ΰüͷ΢壬һŮȫ
⻰ྲһ°ʵʵܰȫ
ΰ׻ǲģһҪ㣿
ྲһҡͷһ˵У͵͵ԵĿ㡣Ҫ֪ˣ϶򾭼˸״
ȥջΰ˾Ƶ꣬ŸĵǰƬ
ΰ׽Ҫĵģǡһˮͷ
ڼ䣬ΰ׵٩֪ӦǸ¼ݾ籾ԴϹ˵ʱ˭ǵϷ
ΰԣǰ֪ôģֳĻ档
ĨϣǶԷӣʱһͷ׵
˭˵һ䣬̫ϲˡ
һΰ̲סЦ
ЦЩƣЦʲô
ΰױЦû¡
ëëģͰʵж𣿡
һûУ
ݲΰǱŬŬ죬СֵģЦô죬һΪԼմ˶
Сºܿ췭ƪ
ԭڣҪʼˡ
ΰᳵ·ߵͷǰ
ŵһ£ΰ̧۾ͱ˾ˡ
ʱŵúܿ졣
֪䣬賿һȻ
ΰѾϷ
ֻҪһɽ
Աױڼ䣬ݾȼˣټһСʱǾͿչˡ
ϲɫʵ̫ˣû
֮£˯һΰ״̬Ҫܶࡣ
͵ʱԵùֵֹġ
ݷˣֻܺcutܴܲһԴ
Ա׷лص
ⶼ賿һˣֲǳˣ˲Ǻ
ֻ²ۣϻǵñ΢Ц
ҪǵﵼݣͷɾͲˡ
ڶġ
ڼǰϸ۲ÿԱı顣
ΰ׻һ
ˣ״̬ղȷʵ˵㣬ǻûﵽҪ
ǵֺˡcut񻹲
ô벻ħ䣬һֱڲͣcut
ʱոյϷɻ
ʱ䣬ִƵ꣬ʱ賿㡣
ΰ׹Ѿ˯ˡ
뵽Щź
£ֻܰοԼշ
ֵ֮ܼһѾܺˡ
æµһ죬Щƣ
ʱƣǹŨ
̧һۡ
ִ񴨻磬Գʱ䲹
һ룬۾
ԼһСʱɻ񴨻
һ˷ɻ;һӶû˷ѡ
ʱݾ˶ʮNGʶôȥĲԼҪЧӰƻ
֮£ֻܴһӣȵɡ
ΰ˯һ죬ĵʱҲеԲ
˵Щ϶ĵԱ
иԱΪֱ̫һʯͷ˯ȥˡ
ڳԱҪ˯ϡ
ΰ׻صƵ꣬Ѿô˹Ƿ
߽ݣΰƫͷԵһ
ΰΪԼóֻþع˼۾
ûкʧ
ΰ²ţǰһвǻþʵĳ
ִ˸ǷΰĨ۽ǵˮüͷʵô⣿
˵ͱݺȻʾϡ
֨ΰ״ߴٵưˣ
ΰԣŶԷµĲҲ㡣
ΰ׵ĳϢûٶ˵ʲô
˷䣬ΰײżڿҲˣ𣿡
קסΰףҾһСʱߺòã
ΰ׳첲˫ֱۿòһ˿¶ȣá
Ҫ˵ΰҪϢˣȥ
΢΢һѱסΰϸڶԷ󣺡͵Ұɡ
ΰһǿԴһ߾ֲܾʥĸƾʲô㣿
˵ˣ¿ôࣿ
ϼ
Щ˵һſŴʯͷ
ҵͷۻ˵ǿźòƴģָҵϡá
ʹѡ
˿ǿƽƤŵһ
Ŷûˣֱٿˡ
λܷܲģһ£
ΰһˢ˶֪
Ҫ治̶ֳ֪ȡ
ΰҧҧסĶ侯Ҫȣûá
סô˵Ĳһ
˵ΰӦóײŶԡ
벻ףԼΰףǴңҲߡ
ΰЦپȥҾþץ㡣
˽լɧš
ųô£ٱץ֣Ʊǻֱӱ̰ɡ
ò˵ΰⷬвǾȷȵ㡣
ֻ֮ܲ鲻Ըذſ
ǲģڱΰ׸ϳȥǰһ¡
뵽ֱΰף׼ʹмơ
ΪûУҲƾʹΰ׶һ顣
һʱΰϲĺᡣ
鵽ǻ§ҧ
ץΰ׵ַȥӰڳһ׸ģ
ͻȻУΰ˶ɵˡ
ǣҪﰡ



088 ò 
סƬ̣ΰ͵ջ֡
˼֮ľ룬ΰԴ˵Ҫ
Цһ£
ΰ׷˸ۣüۼвŻϷ
ôξܾѲǵǸҪӵˡΰײϣɴֱ򣬡ڳɫࡣ
ΰԣǴ㵡
Σΰ׻عϴЩ죬ˣҪɡ
üʵôҪˣ
װɵ㶣ΰﲻ֪ʣ
ĩˣΰߣӣҪѡһԼ߻Ҹȥ
ۿмûʲôãֻüˣҶѡ
ΰ׺üһ˵ƲԳԷơ
£ΰ̧֣⡣
տʼʱֵúʵΰߡ
ΰ׼״ΪǷˣ𽥷·
˭룬ͻȻת
ΰ˫һֱֱǰȥ
ӦѾ˽
ΰ̧ͷײУЩ㱡
ΰʧɫ˱øЩ
˾ԼǰδеС
ϲ󣬾ǻ⡣
ΰôĮ֪ʲôʱܰ˺
ʱĵεΣһĵ顣
ΰ׵̬Ⱥ
ɴ˿ɼ׷֮·
̲ס̾˿
ΰ̾˲ع
ԼסˣΰʶŤſ
˱;ò
ôʱ䣬ԼϲˣӦ
ƫƫΰȫûⷽʶһֱŤŤȥ
ӿȥ
ܿ죬Сֵ̧ͷ
߬ȭͷӲסǹ궯
ʱΰڷ״̬Ծ
￪˿յ͸оƵģͷϲһ㺹顣
ΰ׾֣׼ѯʣȴһȵ
ʶʲôΰڵһ±ͨ졣
ΰ˿ʹԼ侲
ȻʱǲܿƵؽˣ㣬̬
ֱֱΰ׺ͮͮСһĨЦ⣬ţǱ̬
ΰԣ˳ǣôԽԽҪˣ
Ц
ҪҪĸҪ
ȻǸ˶ѡš
ΰ׼֨ﲻЩꡣ
ĳ·һǹںҶ
£ΰֻܰθϽҷſ
˭룬ΰ׻䣬øˡ
ΰ׾Щգƿ
ûüֻ֣־ͱץסͷϷλá
ȵϢڶߣٰͳ̣֡
ΰˣϵ¶ָЩ
ǳײҶˡ
Ҫ̫ˣҪ־͹ˣ̫ˡ
ΰǵãѧǻи׷ᡣ
֪ǵճš
Իûڲǽ
֪֮ĵѧУ
û뵽һصңͰڴϡ
ûô£·ͱԷ˸⡣
͸Ƶġ
ߵ࣬Ӳڵ賿ĵ㡣
ΰ׵ֱιȥġ
һҹĴۣϥǷˡ
ڴһ죬µ߶
Щ飬ΰߵò¶һƬ
ע⵽仯֪ΰܵĻ档
Ǹһ֧߻Ӧˡ
ûãΰ׾òô˷ˣ
ҧҧΰ׵Ĳ𶯣侲
ΰȻܴӦ
Ϸһ죬ٰʱ˷ϣò˯ˣ
סĽż⣬ΰ׳ʹʹ̵ľƿ
ţΰײԷӦĻᣬһƳ䣬Ѹײڶ֮š
̲ӵʱ䡣
վȣȽյ¶Ц
һƿڷţ߽ԡҡ
ܿ죬ˮ
żᴫͳƺߡ
СʱȥŻָž
ͷһɾ·ޱ˷䡣
ǰΰ׷һֽ
Ĵߴ£Ų鲻Ը뿪
;УƳʱʱתͷȥʵҪ˵
켱æϣûС
ֻ̫ϡ棬̲ס࿴ۡ
û˵
ΪŹ
ûȥЩСžš
ʱ˿̣ȫΰ׺ģ
˫ƯĴ۾ˮ⣬ʱǺ⡣
뵽Լʧ˱ٴǻ⡣
ǰϹȻĿ顣
һȴԸؼˡ
ԽԽܣ·һֻ߬ţ
ע⵽ˣæʵܣû°ɣ
ҡͷüۼ
Ը˵ҲҶʣôһԡ
£صؽ䷭˳
ֱɻִ۶ɤ۵Ĳŷ
˷ɻʵܣҪҪȻؼϢһ
ĩˣֵ̫á
á붼û;ܾˡ
ţÿתע
ļ£ֻ˾ǰ˾
ȥ˾ʱ仹ߵ㡣
ͣͻԼλϢȥˡ
ԹͣһӶûϢֱӴ򿪵Դ
ŵ֪Ϣ֮һȫ˯⣬Լ뿪󴲵Ļ
һƬɷܶԼĸλϣгԱȻ𾴡
ȻܲҲôõģǿȱ007Ҫš
ŵ㣬ϰʱ䵽ˡ
ŹزIDܲð칫һ㱨ȡ
ܣ񲿺;ǱѾķԸ۹ˡ
΢IDˮˮġͷȥͼСP˺ܶշ΢ϡ
λǷҪص㴦
ա֣Ǹʵξ
ΰԼǰϢУ̼۾˲䷺졣
ֱᰵĺγѰ̧۾˵ʲô
ڻᰰ˿ظһղŵĻ
꣬ɫصȻ
߷񲿵ˣܸȡڡ
һ꣬ҾͶ񲿶ದһ򽱽ϲⶥ
զ࣬ϻüװصǡ
ȥ񲿴Ϣ˶ɴ۾
δ̫ƴ˰ɣ
ĪǴ˵еĳһŭΪգ
ԣա
ʵ̫ˣȫ˼Ѫһȡи㼺
ߣȷ󣬾΢Ϣ
ܶ˿֮Ӳ
б¾ץҡ
ÿ춼ǷʦҲûյô
ӿɲŴģҾҪΰôˡ



089 ҳԸ 
ϵ˶Ž
һǷڣǰûй˵ǰ
ʦʼղǰѡ
ΪID΢һֵϡ
ֱ𣬲Ŵ׵Ĵ
ΰͬ㣬޶ͷҵͷ۾λȥϴ
ԡҳͱ˲١
ΰ׻е
һʱûסͷ˸Ƿ
ΰȥƬִ͵͵ﲻɻ
ʱྲܹüŪ۵Сװף治
ΰһʺţȫ˵ʲô
ãȻྲҳо΢
ΰ׽ӹֻ֮˶ɵˡ
Σګګ첻˽ڰɣ
ྲЦˣǲɵ˽һš
ΰͷʧţģ
ྲšһΪЦأ
ΰȷʵڿЦ
ϱӼⱲӣȦʱ䣬Ѿʮˡ
ڽ֮ǰû˵Աڣ龹Ȼæߺڷۡ
Ҫ£ΰ׶ΪǱġ
ס˼ΰ̧۾ʵƬû˵ԭ򡣡
ྲͷ˵ˡ
㣬Ϊûǩ͹˾
㴦ãٸĸӰ졣
ΰ룬ȷʵ
Ǹо̬ȹڻ
ױΰ׻¡
˼ڤʱһԺ
͹йأ
ΪͶ̣ҪƬ˸£ƤӾС
뵽ΰ״΢źǷų
Щǲߵģ
Ϣȥʯ󺣣þûлӦ
ΰ̧һۡ
Ѿ˵ʮ֣ٹʮӾҪʼ㡣
ʱ䲻ˣΰüͷ
תۼ䣬ݶµʱȻ
Ϥΰֻ÷ֻȥ򳡡
۶Żҡ
ͼ߹ܿСᡣ
شȫ¹ʣԭڵС
ĿµʷҪ
˿һ£ǲ֪ܵĿ̰һ빤̿⼸¶û˷ʡ
֮⣬̽ȿҲûҷ
֪Щ£̫Ѩͻͻֱ
ڻҵ쳣ء
ơ

᰿첽ߵλϢ
ԣɫ˲仺˲١
߹ܽһ
λǣ
ϧǻû֪𰸣һ䣺ȵɢᡣ
һ˵꣬ͽ߳ҡ
ǵѸȥӰ߹еɻˡ
ӣȥëͷСӡ
ֱˢ¶֪
ص칫ңֻ鿴Ϣ
ĿⴥݣЦһ
Ȼΰ׻ô
ңôˣ
Ȼ֪ʱΰ״Ϸ̲סֻ
͵´Сʱȥһҳͬûꡣ
Ƭΰ׸սһϷ㡣
Ϊ½ûãҽԺţ찲ŵϷݣٷ֮ʮΰ׵ġ
ΰ׺ˮʱĽ
ٶȥٹʮͿɱˡ
һ顶˼¸²ſмǿϢһ£
뵽ΰǼ
Իȥ˯ˣ
ΰһˣϢ
ֱϷΰ̱Ϣʱ
ƣӣصԼԭλãó¡
ҵֻδϢ͵㿪
һڱġ
һʱ䣬ΰ͸򷭵ƿƵģζӳ¡
ΰ׳Ƭ̣ѹĵǵ㲻еļ¶ֿ׵ػ֡
лл
һллûˣ

ҳԸɡ
ΰױûƤûЦˡ
û뵽ιˣԷͳķչˡ
ǰѣǰߺڷۡǰǰǷ˲Ǯ
ǷԷ飬ԷҲǲС
ÿԳųԷĻᣬ˶Ǯ
Ǻֱܶ࣬ӻȥ
ܶĻͷڻɡ
аɱȥҾԷ
ԭֻһ˵ΰԷ¸Ѿ˱׼
˭룬ΰײûӦˣ
Ҹ̫ͻȻе㲻š
գգ۾Ϣóһʱ䡣
ûʧģ
̫ˣҴ깤ϵ£Ҿ͹ȥ
ϢȥȫעͶ뵽С
ʱֻһͷ
ҪϽ깤ȥţ
°߽࣬ܲð칫ңϸѵܣȳԷɡ
ͷû̧Ļϣȳԣùҡ
⻰ûȰ
Ϊ֪Ȱġ
֪䣬ʱȻﵽ
ʱž͹طشȫ¹ʣһĴ
ǰͣĹƱڱɷģʽ
˹һ춼û͵ǰ񴨵ķɻ
鷢ǷIDҲ½½յԺƱ
ʱգǲʶ
˵Ҫǣ˵˵Ҫģ
±ߵ˶ˣ׷ȥٲۡ
ǰɣҾһ˵ڸôʦ
ˣܲҪ
ΰױ˶û˵ʲôǹúӣ¡
ϢʱΰˢЩۣ΢̬
ΰVҲǹӵάԼϷȨȨ
΢һЩȫɵˡ
ΰױһپҪϷͥѵƻ·Ե
˵ʵΰ׻ͦµģίԼ
ί籩͸Ӳˡ
ʱԱˡˮˮġҵţС㣬ʼ
һɻʲô
ԱԺʼĹģ𿪿֪ˡ
ţһȻŷԺƱ
ΪСøĶ磬һӾûٹ
ĸ°輸ϵķԺƱͫһ
عŷԺƱŮʵʲô
ίûʲôô׸
ԺƱˣ㻹ί
裬СøĶ磬ֲķԺƱ㼤ʲô
ĸԣŮһƣѴƱݺˤڶԷϣģһʱԱƱǼȻֵó
ɵˣ⣬ⲻܰ
ĸ˿Һú룬ʱ便ʲôǵñ㡣
ĸôһ˵˭
Ϊ֤²Ƿ׼ȷ΢
ȥٲͱһĿ⡣
ΰ֧־״ѣ
ȥһѹĵһ΢
ŵֽŷڵأˡ



090  
Ե֪Īĸ
ŮӣĸԿ϶Էˡ
ĸüͷקô£
ĿԣŲߣȥĸ۾
Ҫĸ֪ϲ˻Pգ϶ģ
ĸӵĿ£ֱ޲طȥܶԷ׷ʡ
ϧ뷨עҪˡ
ĸԹԵ£˵Ǿͺţʱ䡣
⻰ͷؿڣ·һֻӱ
ԭΪֻҪĸײ׷ʣͿɿ
ʵ֤뷨ȫǴġ
ʱţеĿֻŲû٣һŨ
ʱõĸͻȻڣ˵
ԣ̨ȥ˵
ʵʵ˵ֻͳصиԱ֮ǰسţΪľ䡣
ַת֤ס
ţͳһ˵Ҫ۹ˡ
ʱҶû棬˭֪Ǳˡ
˵߷߲ƽԱôģС
ĸߵŮǰֱֱ۾ʵֻ
֪Լˣĸûʱˢ΢ӲͷƤ˵ͷԣûġ
ĩˣͰͰҲϷͥܲ˰ң
ĸһЦԴɸ⼸ö㲻֪ʱûŪҴȥ
죬ί˵ô
Ƭ̣ĸʵ֪ԭ𣿡
šһ
ĸصȻȥǸߡ
붼û;ܾˣȥ
⻰һĸͷĻյøˡ
ŭʹ£ųݻȥͱٻһǮ
ǮĸǮвֻøĿڣȥˡ
ĸ쵼ü٣ץ·ŽŲ鲻ԸŮǰ񴨡
Ƭΰ׸ող⼸Ϸľͷ̱Ϣ
һϷȫ̶ڳܣΰ׸о춼Ҫ˵ˡ
۵ûţʵڲ붯ûȥˮȡ
½״һƿȪˮݹȥʦȵˮ
ΰƤػصлˡ
ƿˮ¶ǣΰ׸оԼˣĴָ޵½ʦ
½򴽣Щ˼ֻøˮѡ
ΰס͡һЦ׺Ŷ
½̧ͷŽţ㲻ϲԸ񣿡
ΰ۵׸ֳЩãȻûаҾɰġ
ͺá½˿
ֹ֣ΰ׵죬ںһ䣺Ҽǵǰʲô䣿
ȻΪϲ㡣
ϲһˣǰر׺ߡ
Լΰ׵󣬵óĽۡ
ʱգɲΰ֪ԼЩСžš
½ΰײԶԷ⣬˼ֽš
˿ſסŵ䣬ֻжԡ
ΰײ֪ôģ˵ĸ֣ʹԺ
Ҫ˵ʶ棬仯Եģˡ
뵱꣬Ǹ൱Ҫӵˡ
ÿγܲ˵ͻԶԶԶġ
ȥ˺սʱûޡ
Ƿ֮ôΣԷҪƤ
ΰڲɣǲٴһơ
ʵϣҪЩ
ڵǻ֮ǰѾˡ
ιȥһҪ׷޽ǰơ
˵ϸϣôҲΰ׵̬
ȥһΪԲš⡱
뵽̲ס̾˿
۾Ϣʱüͷ΢΢
״̬캰ѡ
ʶֱӣ⣬ˣ
ͷ׼ˡ
뵽ΰ״ӦԷüۼ䲻Ⱦһϲɫ
룬Ըˣ
ʷԽչôܲ
оϲã̲סתͷȥ
ͲֱдšҺÿġЩʵܣôģʲôĿ𣿡ǣսƻЩ
ǣǣΰҪҳԷ
죺
Ҫǽ𣬲ǹι
֨ԹԵϦҪˣȥԼ᣿
ҧҧƤЦⲻЦصҵ
ԣһۣ͡
ֱҪˡ
ΪʲôҪ
Լû׷ţ˼
͵͵˸ۣû˵
ɻأȲ߳ȥ
̫õԵʣƽһη֣·Ȼлĸо
˸߲ҸƬ
ȥȴΰϣֱ߰ʣ׷Ͳ֭ķС
ʾ֪ΰǳԹˡ
ڴգɵˣֱ
Ա״ȥƬˣ˵Ͷְ̰ˡ
ƬһæܳϢȥӭӡ
˴棬Ƭ˲λ²ߣæϵЦݣСʵôʱˣ
عɫʣǰԤԼ
⻰Ƭŵһ飬Ȼã
ֱһƬ߿ȥ
Ȼΰֻ
Ƭ˶˶٣̽һ䣺Сε𣿡
Ȼ㣿
ĪƬһãȻ
ʱ̽ǰλͶְ̰֣ĬĬˡ
˭ǿƵҷ
ס˼ƬʵҪȥĻ𣿡
ΰ׸΢һսбҪ㣬˶Ӳ㣬ȻؾƵˡ
ƬӦá˳
ʱΰ׳ϳУȫ֪
˼ƪǸСģΰǳ
Щ̫Цˣô𾢣յԺƱˣȫɹ͹ġ
ΰסһ
֪ˣαص
ֲûо
ΰױȤͰֻ£˾籾
ҹϷʱѾ賿һࡣ
ΪӭˣԼͷŒһ顣
ˮˣˮˡ
ֵһǣƿˮΰȥ͸
ΰŵζ˵ỽһϲ
ԽԽڴ
ʮӣŲ
վź׼ʼʩ
ȻΰйϴαקľھԸ˲١
ŰŴ򿪣ΰ׾͸ƵıĳԶ
Ŀԣΰ˫ֱʵ
Ц㲻ǴӦҪҳԷ
ΰƲƲ죬֮ԱܲãȻȱٷ
΢΢ףĵȻȱˡ
ΰʱȻߡ
ΰײѣ鼱֮¾Ͱƽ档
ղΰһ˹ȥ



091 ø 
ˤ֮ǰΰ׵ĻᱻײһĻ
ԼŤƣ˷һš
顪
ǹˣҲˤ˸ʺ
ΰſڵϣޡ˼»ҳϽ
һ̧ͷͺСֵ˸ӡ
û뵽ᳯչҲסˡ
һΰ׻ع˲ˤˣֱ㣬̬
û⣬ΰֵҿյϹΣҪ
ͨ죬·֦ͷ͸˵ĺƻֻҧһڣ۵֭ˮͻŷ
һʱ䣬ЩԳʿˮ
Ըеĺ˼£·һСӣΰŲߡ
ͺϲĺᣬůɫĵƹӡ棬Եøˡ
ΪΰףҲʼоڸ
ʲôûȴո
ʱ֧ƿ֪ôˡ
ѡһ𣬾ΰס
ϱӵľӿԺУʹΰǵ컵뷨ɢ
ˣô֡
غԼģǧصˣ
ҪˣȫȥСǹαصϣ
ָƽΰϵȶɢȥ̫ˣ˵
Ҫߣæקסĸ첲ڴʵΰףûֽʲôһ𣿡
£ΰע⵽ԷйɺϤζ
ΰ׿˼ڤ룬ζΪʲôϤеʱһԺ
֪ˣ͸ˮ
ΰǵãƿˮһDIYˮ꣬Եƶɵˮ
Ϊ˵ƿˮǱѧϰƷ㡣
ǰǰһʱ䣬ŵƳζ
ȫûл֪ʶ˵м֪
ȻƿķѪˮȴƮƮһ䡰ϲˡ
μʱЦ˵ǰ׷ѹ
;ΰڻеϢ
ĻһӴˣɵ/ƣ𣿡
ΰ˵꣬͵سԼĸ첲Ŀ
ע⵽ˣãȻǻ̿֡
ΰ׷ȥʵ˵𣿡
ûСΰױ˿¶ȡ
ôͻȻˣ벻ס
Ǻǡΰ׷һЦʲôԼûACD
ʱһֱؼϰȥϰ·ϡ˵Щί
⼸ƴΪľǿչΰס
ΰײˣͻȻˡ
֮ǰúõġ
˼ΰ׾ûˡ
˭룬̧ȣ˾ͱһ§
ΰ׻ûӦ͸ƵģԴҲ䡣
ĩˣһ߲һ˵ţ̻˵ԭңҲ֪Ϊʲôᱻɡ
ΰױͷˣǿҲòС
ֲӣͲòЭˡ
ΰģȴŭ𣬡㲻ǲϲ𣿡
ԣԼյƿˮʱ̬ȷǳá
ƳΰɫöҪرƿˮ
֪ʲô硣
ûк³
̲ס̾˿
ΰ̾¶ֳˣ
ˡûб⡣
ǰȷʵˣҵϲ˺ܶ಻õ¡
֪ˣһĻᣬòã
ֻҪߣҪҪ㡣
⻰ΰ׷˸ۣ˵úҸߣͻƵġ
ΰ׻һûɴȥŶԷȡ
һΰҲܲˡ
ʲôģѾˡ
ǰӿֱӶ
ΰױˡ
عΰ׾סͷװͰ͵Ҳף
װţʹʹʹ
ΰٴθϱ졣ϴκߵĲһδģҺţ
Ϊֵš
ΰˣϵִ˵㣬ںţҾͰͺͷ
ʹǲЭ㶼š
ţֵұͺͷԺ󵽵Ŀ㡣
ΰ״δôҪӣٴˢ֪
ڼ䣬ΰΪ֤ԼԷ飬ϼ
ȻҪͺֻöԷĿڡ
û뵽ԡšִš
ΰʵû취ˣֻɿ
ԽԽϵˡ
״ΰʲôëæҺ㿪Цġ
ΰԣɫźÿЩ
˼ƽЩű˵ҪȥϢ
֮⣬ɿ
ɵȻˡ
׹ףղһˡ
Ȼ
ΰ׵£Ƥ˵ѵùһˣġ
ΰҧסԼ˵ĳ嶯Һûʲôĵġ
æҾС
ĩˣһ˵ҿˣø𡣡
⻰һΰ׼ֱоԼ췽ҹ̷ֲǹȥҲСˤڵأֲڿŻ棬ôܰȫƵϣ
ü֪ǲǹˤ
ΰЦˣ֮λ޴ǡ
ԹԵҲҪʲô⳥ҳԶٷˡ
⻰һΰ̲סҪƲܲãȻѾĻԲȡ
Щ͵Ʋ˰ɡ
ΰ
ٰʱ˷ϣɴӦˣУǷˡ
ٷ
õҪĴ𰸣عǡ
ΰͷϣģһѾסԷĶ䣬ҧгʵ԰ҷſ𣿡
֪̲ĵ˳Ʒſΰס
ΰ׻ָɣһӶûתߡ
û׷ΰëˣԼҲûùӳԡ
ص䣬ΰץһ
йȥȥԡϴ˸ս裬Ȼص˯
ʱѾ賿ࡣ
͵µڶʱΰ׸
һһ顣
ʮ飬һֻ˳֣ͷϵֻýȥ
ΰױԼ۾
ĿⴥĻϱߵ֣ΰ׾
Ҫٵˣ
ΰ߿´̤Ьԡҡ
ææԼΰܳ䡣
¥£ΰʱ䣬ĿҪˣͶû
ҪһԶƵʱȥƬ
ΰûšһҪܡ
Ҵȥ
ʱ½ʦҲԴ㡣
ΰתͷȥֻ½ӵݼ仺



092 ޳ 
ΰվм䣬оԼ·޳
ᵽŨҵĻҩζΰеɻ
˭ܸڸʲô
ΰĬ
½״ƣʦһЩݼϵ⣬һȥò˷ʱ䡣
ûΰ׿ڣ̲סα
½°ȥȲܡ
۾½ϵĿ쳣䣬ڱǽǣ½ү֪𣿡
½˳ǣĻصѾΪʦĹȥʽˡ
ĩˣ½½ҼȢɣҿɾͲһˡ
֪үǸʮʮϹŰ塣
֪ȡΪУǸŮļ͸¶
ʮʱҪȢݵš
ԻΪҪеΡ
ʱңֻֽкá
뵽Щ½΢΢һЦܣȻʦδͲҪˡ
üͷɫصǵ²һ˷ġ
½ǽָƵ˵үӸ㰲˼׶󡣡
۶ߵĹ㣬Զ۳Ǳߵ¡
˼ҿడ
æתͷͣȫˡ
ΰʼ磬һνȥȥ飬úҽ͡
⻰ΰ׵´һ仯
Ȼΰ״ʼնʮֵȻ˿
ǰΰ֪׾֣϶׵ˡ
ǰ󷴲˾޴оǳʣɬ֮໹ſࡣ
̧۾صҪ͵ġ
ΰתͷЩڣ㡣
ˣ½ǿв廰ʦٲ߾ͳٵˡ
ĩˣ½ٴҵĳɡ
ģ׳֦ѡң֤źġ
ΰ룬ǰպ½š
ҪùĵǶƬ΢ϹҪ
Ͷ̺Աϸ
һ֪ϵǳžֱݱɫˡ
ΰûȤΪ˲෹̸ʣһѡ
ڴĿУΰһ̶˸ûӰ
½۵Сۡ
ΰȥƬ½ͣױ䡣
ױԤʦ״Цŵ٩һ䣺ĸأ
ΰ̱ϣ޿ذڰ֣ˡ
ױУΰײ֪ôģ˸ղŵ޳
ΰԽԽһ֡
Ϊʲô½ԣ
ûʲôͻ
ѵΪ
²һðͱΰ׷ˡ
ԭڣӸеڣ߾ûֹһһ
½мʵûϲóϷʲôˡ
ΰ׻ױȥϵĲ½ǸճԺϡ
Ϲקˮΰײɫ
ע⵽ˣڳЦСΣϴǲ˼
£ϽӹеĶԵݸΰףЦ񡣡
ԵֲЦˡ
̬ŵôͣҪȥ֪ʲô
ΰƲƲ죬Ӳһ˿Цݣá
ЦһǺָ֮ܿǰˣҪġ
˵겻ΰ׾ܾĻᣬϽԷߡ
ΰ׼æ׷ȥﻹϡ
ûüڣݾ;Ⱥɻˡ
ΰû취ֻȰڰ׼ҸʵĻٻȥ
ҪϵϷݡ
Щɧΰȫ̶иٱԷקˮ
ηӳӦеˮƽһϷĵ൱˳
һˣ͸˰СʱϢ
ΰ׾ʱ仹ԣʹȥϡ
˭룬Ͼ͸ĶƵģҲˡ
ֱڶϷǰӣ
ΰ׷ˣֻʱѹ뷨
Ϸΰȥϡ
˭룬ñӻ졣
ΰײЩ棬ϸʲô
ΰײ𿪰װһ̲סզࡣ
üһѪ
ƷƵҲ
ûǴӦҪʮ
ΰױͲ֪۸֮ˡ
ϧʵ̫ˣץš
ΰ̾˿׼¶ȥԷ֪ĸð
ĿԣΰѯʣͱԷֱקߡ
ΰ׻عæˣƬ
عͷʳָڴϣ˸Ķ
ΰ뱬໰ûڣͱһδ߹С·
һϵĳɹ
ΰ׻ܣȻһ˶ûС
ӾޣȻɱʬľӿΰԺ̲ס˸£Ҫȥģ
ע⵽ΰ׵ĽţһЦʲôֲ㡣
˵꣬ΰ׸ˡ
滮·ʱͣˡ
ΰ̧۾ֻǰͣ
˾ˣæ򿪳˵ܣѾ׼ˡ
΢΢ףΰףȥԷ
ΰ׳ˣ̫ߵ̫
Ϊ׷׷ú̬ܽһԷͻôߡ
Ȼΰ׻ûüܾͱֱӱ
ΰ׵ɴ۾һ¶Էĺ󱳣һûӦأ
ϳţȷΰܲˣ˹صƻʳҪôϲԺз
ʵϣΰһϲԡ
ȽϺƽʱҲû˵ʲô
˺óԵİǰΰ׵ȻЩ
һԣ˾ᡣ
״Ӵһƿ
ռ䲻ζܿͳÿ䡣
ΰһϷ˵ֶ
ʳջΰ׼ֲӾЭˣΪϺÿ㣬˵ķϣҾΪѴӦˡ
ûϵȥǡ
ΰݵüûʲôСۼˣæװݹȥȺȵӪ
ΰڵ˵лл
ûӻͷϺǡ
ΰԴӽӹͿʼרĸɷģʽûע⵽һٶ
ֱǰͻȻϺʣź̧֪۾ҵģ
ͷϲϺϺǣҾ͸ˡ
ﲻɵرɰһʱûסë׵ԴϽ԰ɡ
ΰګګŶ
ȻѴãʲôͶԷϡ
ϣȫûдǲܵġ
ΰˡ
飬ûȥš
ΰĲɵسԹ緹ڳ˰СʱͻƬױȥˡ
ӻױʱѾ㡣
ʱԱȻܹһż˵ʦˣ



093  
ԼʱʱᱻڹеʣΰѾľˡ
Ա˵꣬ΰײʵֳʲôˣ
̬ôãԱӰ쵽ˣҲŵжĸŮż˵ǸģҸо߲ơ
Ǹΰ׳˼Ƭ̣Ϊҳߣ
ǵġԱ䵱ʱĳλŮʿ̬ȻԣŮȫ̳ܲԸ
ΰԣü߰ɣȥʲôϷ
ߵƬ棬ӳΰһλŮӡ
ĴŴ磬ΰײ²ԷӦʦڹ
վһλںݵŮԼĪʮ˾ꡣ
ȻŮͲ󣬵üۼȴȳŨࡣ
ĸˣЦŴкã衣
ΰ׻һò΢Ц˵£
оΰ׻ͦ˵ĸ˿̬Ҳ֮ǰЩǵġ
ǧϹǸ
ҵĽ£ѾʶԼĴ󡣡
ϣ㿴Ǹӵķϣϡ
⻰һΰײЦλŮʿ㲻ΪǸܽ鷭ƪɣ
ĸסΪʲôܣ
ΰûдǿɢſϢŮIDˮˮģ
ͫһ㣬ô֪
ΰ˫ֱۣĻص̫ˡ
²õ֤ʵΰŻشĸ֪ʲô𣿡
ĸΪǹΪѣһͰθʵͲ㼸𣿡
ΰЦֻҼ䣿
ĩˣΰתͷѯʳԱֻ𣿡
Աͷˡ
ΰɫ΢ˮˮġλŮʿŮʲô
⣬ѾɾŲͶ񶾵䡣
ûϵм䡣
˿ǿ϶ͽغͼˡ
ȻԱ΢һѣͼ˺ϼ
ЩʮĻԱо
عֻݸĸʾ
ʱ͸Ƶֻһˤһߺ
Ա۸ֻæƬƿ
ΪֹʶԷȥ
һһ㣬һȻҡ
ƬָܳԱȥŰ
ΰ׼״Ƭ˵ֻûĸʲô¡
һΰ׹ǣƤЦⲻЦ𣿡
ĸѾʧˣȫƾܵͷ
ΰ׳㻹ҳ𣿡
ĸԣסΣսʤǣƤΪŮ顣
ŸϴѧҪǵ۵㣬Ժô찡
֪Ǹˡ
Ҳûʲôµķϣ͸̧֣Źһذѡ
ΰ⻰һЦҲԭҾͲǺ£
Ƴߴΰֵǹ۱Ҳòߣ𣿡
С˼ĸЩΡ
ΪŮܹȫˣǴ㰴ԭƻС
뵽Ѿ˺ĸͰЦвЩȻѾµˣǾûʲô˵ˡ
ΰףԣ۾ᵹıߡ
ʶ̸£ĸʹŮͼˡ
һ뿪֮Ƭ̾˿Ǿǲж
ΰתͷµж
ĩˣΰֵǲԴС
ƬɻĿУΰָָͷղŷ£ȫ¼ˡȺ˵ˣ˵ˣܰѼصǵ
ĳԱ϶ѪˣΰЩھΣҪ㱨𣿡
Աæҡͷã˾ǿأʵ۵ġ
һټ£ΰŷ뷨
͸Աҽҩѡ
һߣĸһ˻صƵ꣬ով鷢΢
Ȼ΢ֻԼĲ֡
£ĸֱӵһң˵ǹȥǸȴ鳡ˡ
ĸ΢֮󣬶Ů¶ʤ΢Цſɣΰ׺Ǹ϶ᱻ
ⲻ֪Ƿ΢ǰһӣٲͰѼƵˡ
֪ΰ׵ĺڷҵȥˣը˹
ǿĸߵǷǺڰ׵΢ʱŭ𳹵ױȼˡ
ԲۣλŮʿδ̫Ҫˣѹֻô񶾵Ů
Һþװ˼أȻԱҲ̫ˡ
Ҿ֪϶䡰Ǹӡ
أ̫ˣЩʲô˰
ǲˣǹ
蹷ˣʲôҪǹΪһ
ĸٴε΢ŷǷˡ
ԼĹλĸǰһڡ
ûֻˡ
֪ôģȻԤС
ĸ绰ֻǱ˵̴ְ
ûӦô£绰ͱҶˡ
־һ䣺ôˣ
ĸع
ĸŮһۣĸ뵽Լû˹ŭͷһơ
סǲ˼飬ƾʲôң
ĸԣл˦һƹȥƾ裡ƾ㺦û˹
ûε£Ϳְˣ
뵽ĸڲ
ϧûкҩ
ĸٺҲûˡ
Ȼֻǵһ
ϣĸյİ뷢Ķš
ܺŮϷҪôࡣ
ȻЩǱȽѺõˡ
ЩѺõģϳ
֮£ǱҪЩ
˵ⶼ
ԼǰСһС
ζԸΰһP˽
СͲ󣬱ԸֱȽУر˵ۡ
Ĺ£С
ɱδ죬òȦؼβ
ʱϢسǼֱַˣϴף
СҷȻŹ
һߣΰ׼ȥҹϷ
Ƴˣʹ𼱻ܹȥԷʦ̫ˣҲҪ
źӣڳʮֿյı˵ǲҵĵǸ𣿡
ΰ׻λԴҽ˰ֻǲѡ
⻰룬ɣȻ㲻ǾһԶٷô
½Ķΰ־裬
ЦЦȻǡ
˵֮ϽݵĴȣռôҰʱ䣬һϢ
ϴΰ׵ˮڻ֮קȥġ
Ϊ˸ѹѹԼҶǸ⣬ԸҵʱҲһ
ãƬһ󻶺
ΰ׳˳ǣøôʦڰɡ
ҪģȻô֪ʵǸ
˵ϣΰҲþֻܾôӦаɡ
ԣ΢΢
ΰߺǮܷһϢȥ
ˡ



094  
ҹϷΰöҪ۾ˡ
ΰżȥϢȥһױʦжױ
ߵƬ棬ΰ׼ȥҾĳ½Ȼðʦȥɡ
ΰתͷЦžܾˡ
½סƬ̣ʹ˵Ǻҵĳܲ𣿡
ΰԣǺǺЦһ
½˳ƽӵȻǾҵĳȥ
ΰ׼ӦµʱһԺ
ԣʲôϵ
½С·
ΰס˼ɫڣ·ң±Ӱɡ
˵겻ԷĻᣬΰ׾Ҫˡ
½ˣæȥΰס
ûΰ½ǣ첲ͱһ˿סˡ
½̧ͷȥֻΰǰϵĿⰵм
Ŀԣ½üͷܣôƲ𣿡
ое⣬üлصûУһжãֵȥ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ҩζŨҡ
ΰ̲ס˸ۡ
벻ˣǰֲ
Ϊʲôһ͸Ƶģ
˵ģҪǵΰˡ
Ϊ˿ԿȥϢΰײòȰ˵ЪɣѾ賿һˣ𣿡
ͬصۡ
£½һۣҪ
ΰ׷죬˼
ʲôҹҪίìܡ
Ƴܶ๤Աˣΰײż
ΰ룬ֻҪӦⲻ
ͷ˸ĹǷΰûٴԵˣתˡ
ûս׷ȥ
֮£½Ӧ˵㡣
عѾ鹷ƤҩƵģסΰס
½ȥֿƬ˺Ȼ½٣ܹһ𣿡
½֮ʣͨҴ󷨣ɹΰġ
ʵŹһ̣ΰ׾Ϳʼˡ
Ƴü۴ЦϲõϢΰ׹ʹһ䣺ܸˣ
΢΢ףﶼЦ⣬Ȼ
ô⣬ΰ鲻Щӡ
ʱѾ˼һЦ
֮˸ˡ
ڣֻǴӦСҪ󣬶Էܿĳ
ΰ˼һţ֪ʲô̬ɴ۾װ˯
ٽ顣
ߣΰȴ˯ˡ
̾˿ذѻʻȥ
ţ΢΢򿪷ƷСӣóë̺ΰϡ
ΰ˵յӸɣֽļʪ򿪡
Щαϣΰ׵˯ա
ΰ׶ȵĿ⣬ﲻš
ʱƣݽŨ
һʱ䣬ΰ׺Ǻװ˯취
ΰ׾ҪҪװͻȻʱһȵĴڶͷϡ
Ȼû
ΰסƬ̣˳̵Ľëܿƶ˼£·ɡ
ע⵽ˣͫһ
һ£ΰôˣ
ʱΰװȥˣɴ۾
εýûΪʲôҪֻǾš
عΪΰ׻ŵöˡ
ֵǣֱصƵ꣬ΰһԡ
£ĽŸзǵ˿δһҡ
ۿΰ׾Ҫ߽䣬ҹæȥסԷʵûʲôҪ˵ģ
ΰ׹װɵƤ߻ȥ˵ʲô
̽ʵղڳϡ
˵һ룬ͱΰסòº䡣
ΰ׹˹ӣڳװͰ͵ı˵ղʲôû
ΰ׵£װŵӣʾԼԸϡ
ʵϣûбŵ׵ΰ쳣ɰ
ʱԣ§׶ԷС
ΰΪסɿ˶Է죬°Ͱ˵򰲰ɡ
ȵȡҪߣæ£ȥ㷿仹ҷ䣿
²ܷϢ˵ΰײ̫˶
ˡͰ͵
Ŷΰüڷ
ΰ˵꣬Ҫֻ
һβףλӸ飬Ȼ׷ΰס
ͳΰûзֱӰԼ
ȵΰ׷ӦڶԷ֮ǰ˵£͵ƬĹҵˣô
ΰһɫǷᣬȻӡ
ĩˣΰ˸ĨӵĶ㲻롭
ʧЦȥˣ
׽ΰеĻɣò֮ͣǰ˼ǣǮˣȥΡʵѾ˰ѹͽȥˣֻºΰĻ졣
ΰΪ棬ȫûǵСžš
£ΰִ˹Ƿ۽Ǻˮһȥˡ
ʮֲᣬΰףֻŶԷ뿪
ΰòУȥϴ裬һϴ˯ˡ
գΰͬ㱻ӳѡ
뵽ˣȾ޳ΰ߿´һӶûҵ顣
ϴΰ׻·Ű𼱻ǳš
ΰ߳ݵʱ۲Χ
ȷ½ðŷĴ󵨵سȥ
ȥƬΰΪ컹ᲹµϷݡ
˵ݲ֪Ͻˡ
ʱڻǮܽӻ
£ǵ⡣
ΰ׹ƶԷԲ¡
ôĿģͨͳԶٷ֮ļֵʹΰѡߡ
ֻҪΰ׳ϯξ۲ͣа취ѶԷ͵Ǯܴϡ
뵽
ԼʮӣͷûͷǮܣڳϵ߷Χ
ϷˣæȥӭӲүǮܣһ·ˡ
Ǯʲôû˵ֱ˳Ż׼ˣ
ϵͷҰ£Էһġ
·ϣǮܺȻѪȥɫ
ϳɵҲھ飬ҪǺײϣ᲻᲻̫ã
ǮܲΪȻ˵ܳҲɣ
ҲǣĵЦЦڴȥ
˵ִƬʱΰϷ
ĿⴥΰףǮܵһоǾΪˡ
뵽ּܵƷɫǮܵ˲û̲סʿˮ
϶ܴ
ΰױʱ򣬸о˶Լóһʱ䣬¶ڡ
ΰ̧ͷѰĿˡ
ܿ죬ΰĿꡣ
һںݵˡ
ȥЦˣ¶ڻ
аĹ⣬ΰ׸оܲüͷ
ΰҪҪȥ˵ʱ򣬶Էˡ
ΰƲѣʱȻһ¡
תͷȥͼЦСΣķҪˡ
ᡣΰӦˬ죬ȴڴġ
ܾò̫Ծ



095 Ǳ˶ 
ҹɫ٣Լõʱ䵽ˡ
ȫչ׼ǰԤĲ
֮ǰΰ׷ҪȥһĨȣҲȥ
šһץסֵ¼ٺˣ˭֪м᲻ţҵ˴⡣
ųΰǺЦú˭ϲƵġ
ԣһ淴ϲ˱ͺܶࡣ
ΰױ˵ò˼ֱתˡ
ʱҶڣ˶ӵĲ£ûҸȥ
ֱΰ˳ջߣޱԸ߰ɡ
˾Ӧá棬Ͼĳ
ʮӹȥһͣڲſڡ
ʱΰ׻֪гڵ
ΰ³֮󣬴ҹ磬ͰȫԺˡ
߽ܣΰ׷װ޵úи̲סզࡣ
ľ飬Զٷûʮ²ġ
Ϊ˲ȡҺøУǴֱʡ
ΰ˸λ£ͼϳʵСΣԱߵλ𣿡
ûΰ׻شԶȺˡ
Ǹɵ/ƻ¡½һǰһǰ
ıӵҲҵλ
˴棬ϼæóλã϶Ц˵ʵڱǸ
½˾䡰û¡ûԹΰߵλá
ԹΪΪ
½ְ·ǽŵģֻұߡ
뵽̧۾½һʤߵ
½״ֲ﷢ֻӲ
мΰףٴθоԼ޳Уε۵Ϸȥ
ΰޱȣҪͳȥ򣬱ȥˡ
⻰һձö˶
ȻƽʮӾͱˡ
ԭǷԱˣ½Ϊ˱Լȫرظΰ׼вˡ
ûãΰǰĵӾˡ
ȻҲûѣ˶úַӻ
ΰױ̬еθڶûˡ
¿ӣͣסϺǵĶǹеѯʣôˣ
ΰ׷˸ۣĹĻصĲҳ԰ɡ
⻰Щţôᡣ
ƳҶ͵Ŀ⣬ΰײ뵱ﱻΧۣݺݵһʼٸߣͲٿˡ
һãȻ֪Լλڡ
ţԥ
ΰϳԶҪҪϺǣ
֮£½ⷽҪЩ
Ųµΰԭ
Ϊ֤²Ƿ׼ȷ½ٸΰ׼вˣͬʱй۲ԷķӦ
Ȼ֮ͣΰ˿ӡ
ٶ˵㣬ת
ΰ֣ٶԱ֮ǰҲ֪ôˡ
Խʱ˶ʵʵ˷ȥΰס
˼״Ժֻһ뷨
ʦţƣ
˶ٰķΰĲˬʧ˲١
һҩ轻ԱȻŽ͸Ǹ·ġ
ȻǰͨҪʱԱе㺦¡
ԥɫһݣ׬Ǯˣ
ĩˣͳпǰ˻Σ³֮ʮǮˡ
뵽ϰ֢ȴûǮƵ̣ԱҧҧҩŽ
ۿҩڻ¶Цݡ
˵ҩ˻˯Сʱҡ
ȵõ/Чͻ֡
־ټᶨˣҩ趼ýеͶ
ЦЦעŻص£Ѿ͹ȥɡ
ĿͷԱ߹ȥҲǻصԼλãͬྲȥܾưɡ
ྲͷ¿ð
žߵǱߣȸơ
Ȼ뵽Լڲϲζ͸ܾˡ
Ŀ겻ȻȲȡ
˼䣬תͷֱֱֻΰףСΣһɡ
ĩˣϵһԱơ
Աᣬֽص˱Ƴΰǰλá
ΰ̧۾ʮָɴܾǸҲȾơ
ȫûΰ׾ȻôӣϲЩѿ
뵽ⵥһɣҪһǮָֻܿЦӯӯӡ
ɤӣڳıʵСΣǲԭ𣿡
ﲻգ㾴ҲϺȡ
ҵҪô⣿
ΰüͷصʦҾ˵ԭˡ
ԭΪԼѻ˵ϣΰôҲƺˡ
˭룬ΰƤȻô˿˵Ŀ⡣
ûа취ֻüȥΪҾãķǡ
ΰԣ˳ǣ˺֣ǵ˰뷨ȥžð𣿡
ϷϣȻǣֻеġ
ʱѲͷˣΰǰǱ˵ȣ𣿡
Ͼͫһ
ȵȡֻûѿڣһˡ
¾Ʊɫˡ
⻰ϻعתˡ
뵽ǿҩʮҾͻЧϳúˡ
ݵλˣҪ֪Լƣ϶
º˵ûľӪһоҪΪˡ
Ϲ;ʹޱȣûа취ֹ·
ΪѾѾƺȥˣһ
£ֻﲻͣҩ費С
Ȼʮӻûȥ͸о˲Ծ
ΰƫͷϷŹĺ죬־һ䣺ôˣ
ҧҧյΰ׶Ǳ˶
ΰ׵ɴ۾һΪԼ˻
ֱ߷ϸ΢ƺߣŻع
˭ıӵȻҸֶ
ΰס˼˵е㲻ȴȥˡ
ͬס
ûѯô£ΰ׾ʹ첽˳ȥ
ߵ棬ΰѹʵıģ
ҷϾУúǹ
ΰ׹һ·̡
߶ͣҪӡ
ʣٳӦûʲô⡣
ûڣǰߡ
տʼΰ׻ͦɵġ
ʱһȥҩЧ֮˾ѹΰϡ
ΰ׺·˵ҧɵġ
òװŪϣΰ۵˫ֳϥǲͣ
ϳ֮ΰϳţ˾ؾƵꡣ
ûڣ˾ͱ˵ˡ
˾״ط´Ѹٵؿ³ռǡ



096 ṷ 
ΰ׵ɴ۾ȫãȻ
ΰعƿѹԼϵˡ
˭ѣհŪߣԷָƤҩƵĲҲ䡣
ΰòУȥ
ûǿҵԴ־ͱԷסѹͷϷ
ΰû취ֹֻܿҲ䣡
˶٣̧ͷΰףƤţܡ
⻰һΰ׷·˲β͵è˲üҲŲţ
ίͰͼֵǡ
ΰײʱ˷ںϣֱӾԷҪˡ
״̬£˼ɡ
ҩӰ£Ѿ𽥲ʳȫƾµķչ
ǵûǰȥסΰ׵졣
ΰȫûȻһк
عΰŭͨ졣
ֶֻѹͷϷΰȫû취
ģ׵ûͷȥ
õӦ˷֮׵
𴽳ݽˮ
ΰΪһͶҪȥ˵ʱͣˡ
ΰ׸о촽ˣʶ
УԶݱ˹źš
ΰһ̧ۣͼٴ
һεľ飬ΰ׵ͷתǰݺҧ˶Էһڡ
һ룬һƺߡ
ΰҲѪζ
ʹΰ׵ϰƿ
ţΰǰ̽壬һʻλ
ΰ֮͸ӿźˣﲻһ˿¶ȣҪˣͱҡ
ԣӲסϵȣѵػһš
ΰײ֪ôģȻζ
סƬ̣ΰײԼ
̫ˡ
ϱЩ飬ΰ׾ʲô뷨ûˡ
ס˼ΰײţڵָ»صƵꡣ
ǵ˶ӣпܾĳţȥΰ׾ͻعͷʵϵʽңط䡣
üͷЩΪʲôҪ
ΰɫڣҲˡ
Լȥ
£ƿߡ
ԭΪΰ׻
Ϳ˳öԷطҪ
û뵽ΰײ޶ԣޱؿ
·˵ҵҪݳʲô
ΰ׵ע£
ͨ񽩳һջóֻԷ
ΰ׽ӹ٣
˵˾֮ǰ˲٣ա
ΰһĨȡ
Ҫ֪ǰҪʱ붼û;ܾˡ
˭뵽󶼶£ֿ֮󣬶ԷȻԾȥˡ
˵꣬ڳһӣΰ׾رЦ
ʱΧٴηƺߡ
ΰ׼״æס˼˵绰
ʼĩһ߷ҷڱҩһ߻ص鷳ȰܣͰҩȥ
׹ָʲôΰЩΣڡѡ
Ȼΰ׺ܿͱݺݴˡ
˵һ̣ȥʻţԹȥ
ΰ׸оعҵ绰һЩֵ
ʵ֤ΰ׵Ԥʮ׼ȷ
һ룬˹
ڳϿռ䲻ΰȴûλÿɶ㡣
š
ʱ򣬲֪ʲôֱó
һû˼ſһ³š
Ȼˣ
Щȡ
ȵĻںͷ
̧۾ȥֻѹסΰֻ֣ǿƶְԵ
ΰ׷ˣ߳ı
Уþޱȵĳ档
뷨ΰԴײĶͷ
ˡ
ΰ׳ûŸҩ
ԣæͷõġ
ΰõҩ֮סҩ
֪еڳûղ
ͷҩ裬äͷΰ׵ġ
ΰ׾ò
»ľϣľһ䣺㲻ҳҩ𣿡
ô޹ΰײЩɣѵˣ
תһ룬ѾһϷ˵׼ݳġ
ΰǰȥҪ۲ǲϷ
״ΪҪǣæѵ˿Ҫˣȥɡ
Ҫײⳡ棬ֱַѡ
ȻΰҲǵһ㡣
ո˵꣬Ѹٿ³
ص䣬ΰ׼ţȴһɾ޴
ΰ׻ûӦžͱǿƿ
̧۾ȥȻ
ĿԣΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼ
ţ˳ƱסΰҲ䣬ܡ
ΰ䣬ȴӵСֵܾˡ
ʱСֵȵ¶ȴ͸·̵̲ס˶
ΰʿˮڽţ㣬侲㡣
ʵҩûôˡ
λᣬΰıȡ㸣װܵӡ
ΰײ֪ǵСžţΪ档

Ҫ֪СֵѾ˷ˡ
ٶȥϽ͡
ʱԷƲסùĻ
һ춼²ĸоΰײ˸
ΰţҪܰʱˣţһºòã
ΰ׷˸ۣʵô
̧ͷȥΰ׶ɤ֡
ΰԣ͵Сһţֵΰ㣡
˻һϳβ~
ôΰ׾òһ㣬϶û
ɬסСֵܡ
ȼڴĿУΰЦҪõɾˡ
ΰײڿЦòģҴˡ
ʶΰ׵ĺģǵԳûˡ
ΰ׵ʾ£˷䡣
ߺΰһ
Һù˷裬ǻܿƵס
ص䣬ȥԡҡ
ܿ죬Ϥˮʱʱƺߡ
Ϊڴ˿û˯⡣
֮£ɴ
ֱ΢¶Ÿоƣ
׼ϢȻ黹֪ʲô͸ϢϽȥ
ȷû©ˣŷĵ˯ȥ
ߵ룬ΰӵٻ£˫ۡ
ΰϴͬţ׼¥͡
·ڷʱΰ뵽Ϊȥʺһ¶Էˡ
ʱƳҴܹˡ
ΰ׺һ䣺ôˣ



097 ǸԱȥ 
ʿˮڽŵ㵹ƵķԱȥˡ
ΰе㷴Ӧʲô
оΰ׺ãȻֻôͷβ˵һ顣
ȥ£֪˭㡣
Ÿ㵹ƵķԱǹؼʹ֡
ңͻȻְ˵Ǽ˼ȥ
ǰнַͨϢ賿ʱ񴨸ٷһ𳵻
ײ˾
Ǹ˾Ǹ㵹ƵķԱ
ΰ
ֱⳡԲ⡣
ôҪ飬ΪؼķԱûˡ
֮󣬵漸·߲ˣΰ׶ʱо
Զ׼ʲ
ǱȵģֱԵɽ֧֮
ӶԷɱڵĺǡ
ΰ׾ô˸ҼԲ
һʱ䣬ǰδеĸм
˼ԥƬ̻ǿѯʣҪ𣿡
ΰ̧۾˵ͷصԣżҿ
⻰æ֣
ΰɻĿУһߵһ˵鷳ҰЩϽܡ
ΰ׽ӹѯʲôһ̶˸ûӰ
ܵô죬·𱳺й׷ΰǲסԼ
ֲǺˮޣ
ֹ˼䣬ΰס˼̧š
ʱ˯»Сʱ˯״̬
ΰ飬û˹š
֮£ΰֻͳֻӺųٸԷ绰
ΰ׵רһ͵۾绰ʵôˣ
ѣ״̬Щƣƽ˼ԸС
ŵ˵΢Ϻܶ˵֣˻˶仳е
ϰ˵ΰףҲһξһΡ
˵ȣǱ߳ٳûΪźŲãΰףõ˵𣿡
ΰԣ˲عӦܡ
˿־ۼʵʱҴ绰ǲǳʲôˣ
ΰסšһ˵Щת
תڼ䣬ΰ׿Ʋס˼Բ˵ʱĻ档
ƾΰ׾ͰԼһ
ʱźȻ򿪣ǰŵҪǻĳƵġ
״ΰ׵СԴѧű˺СĻëŲš
ΰ׻ڵصͷˣֲС
ǣЦһǰ
˵ˡЦô磬ΰײ˼һת˵£ؼûˣζжϣû²ˣ
ġ˵һ鶼мѰ
ȫûнŸУΰҲŵˡ
ĩˣΰ̧һۡ
ڲ˵ˣٲȥͿ϶
սȥˡ
ԣʶ˵һ䣺Ҳȥ
ΰסŶһȻܾ˼Ҳ롣
Ѳãӻе£һ޴⣬Ϊʲô룿
ΰǽϣ˫ֱۿɫصҲһѡ
£ΰײĻᣬֱˡ
վԭأǵԶȥӰرζ
ƽһ˿ΰܸһ֡
˳վΰԡ
Ȼڵ˵¶ңңڣ˵ˡ
ΰ׳ʧ߷ΧˣջĿ⣬ȥ
Լ˰СʱΰȥƬ
ױϽûϷݣǹѧϰ½
˶һۣ½ȿڣû
ΰ׹ָ˵£Ϣ
Ǽµʱ½ȥ䡣
ΰ׺ѾӰ
½ֻ˿е֪ͻȻоΰ׾Ͱͻȥˡ
۲ͽصƵ꣬½ԽԽ²Ծ
˵ΰ׺޲úޡ
ΰ׵Ϊͺܷ
½һ϶ûףԴľˡ
ܣȷûעߣ½ǵʵ㣿
ΰǾȣô֪
½ЦЦµġ
ĩˣ½ֵ˵ǰ㵲˾ƲŻ᲻
ΰ׵ͷѹص˶
½Ѿµˣ֮󲢲⣬еϧԼڳ
Զ׼Ǽӡֵĺûᡣ
пһ½ס˼ѯʣô𣿡
˵ΰЩļ£ǸԱ賿˳
½ԣҲϢˣʲô
Ƴ߿½æŵôôɣ
ΰЩأ̲ס̾˿һֱΪⲻ⡣
½ͬҲãΪġ
ϧжˣʱ鲻Ļ֮ˡ
üæһ顣
ΰ׼æסãѾڲˡ
½˶٣ʧ䣬㲻ǲ𣿡
ΰףһһ롣
½üͷ뿪ȴˣСΣ½ʲôأ
ʶȥֻЦ
УΪϲͣȰƣܾºͶԷѲ˸ϵ
û֤ݣΰײòίߣġ
½ˡ
ԭڣαЦʮܡ
Ϊ½Сү½ٻίԼ
뵽ΰҲϲ˸ɰѶԷһߣʦһϷ𣿡
ΰתͷյ½ʹӦˣȻԡ
һһͣԵ˸ס
ܲˬ˼½ļͥӲ
ֱΰ׺½߳Զһ·ŽЦ
ΰ׸о߲Ŷ⣬϶ǰĲ²⡣
Ǳ˶ľƣϵֱʡ
㿪ʼ֮ΰֻѹǣȰѾͶ뵽С
ΰйصҹϷˣϷݾͿչˡ
صƵ꣬ΰĵʹ£øڷš
һüۼʱϲǡ
ӻûӦȸΰó·
ΰ߽ȥоôˣͼԷ촽̶˼¡
˷ܵı飬ΰܾҪˡ
е뷨ȷʵˡ
ϧšֻûͱΰʵʵ
ֻΰ۾쬵棺Һ㣡
Ŵ˵вֻϵصͷ
ΰ׼״ɿ졣
ΰ׻ûüڣơ
ΰ״ţͼϼܣ·֣



098 Ҫô 
ΰײʾ
ĩˣΰתһȥϢˣġ
ΰ׶һæקסԷĸ첲ºҲйϵɡ
ΰҲǣɳǱߵķߡ
֪˶̰ĵġ
ôϣС˼
֮ûɿֻ֣ǣǶá
ܾٶֻͨǣο塣
ϧΰᶼԸ
ǵСžţΰֳ
ˣΰ׻Ųɳұߵλã֮ľ롣
һٶУǲסҡ
ֲǺˮޣΪʲôΰҪ
ѵú˲ɣ
Ӧð
ΰ׵һ飬Ƕ
˼⣬ɫ
״ЩԥҪҪ㱨
ע⵽ɫΰ̨׹ȥʲô·֣
⻰ŽϵݹȥòϰѼƬĿصȴƵˡ
֮£ֻȥ鸽ļƵ
һ֡һ֡ҵϺǸԱ̸
ϧǸͷֻĵϵı档
ӹϷ˷ûˣ
СݷԱ˵Ϊгزʱһֱüֱǰ죬˳˵Լ·õûǮβˡ
ΰ鲻򵥡
Ļ֮˹ϵȥ¡
ԷҲǰٵ
뵽ڵķԱΰײпĻ֮ĺ
ΰٴθеңúȵǱƵ
ж£׾ô˴ߡ
Уᱻǿ򡭡ڵ˾
Ǹΰ̲ס˸¡
ע⵽ˣæңյ¶ȵ˵㣬ûΰʵ
𣿡
ΰҡҡͷؿյ¡
еĿУΰֻе㺦£ɡ
˼Ƭ̣ʲôɣ
ΰ׶˶٣˵ǳ⣿
ɣû֤ݡ
ΰЩʧ
ԣתͷԸԱ
Ӧá˳ȥǡ
ΰ׼æǣҲȥϢˡ
ԭٴǼüۼƣ֮ɫֻŲ˵ȥ
ΰԣʶס𡣡
ʢʧΰĵؽ͵һйжڽƺӶϴˡ
ܡ
ôΰ׽׶з˵ĸо
˳˼·룬ΰƻĮ
˼˴бҪⲨȶȻûɢȥλҪô
뷨ְקҿǳ˲ʦͲر𣿡
ȴҺġʦĶ繵ζ
·ƺĬǧ飬Ż
ΰ꣬оһҴܣ˶
عϵ¶ȼߣÿͿϡ
״Щ֣չȥʵôˣ
ΰš
ͻȻˡ
оٶԽԽ죬·ʱǻĳΰ׼æסĿڡ
ͬʱһֻƿϽҷſ
ڻֵźôȻ׷ſʦ㻹ûлشҵ⡣
ΰȫûȻЮͼֱɵˡ
׽ΰе𾪣Цһ
ȳΰǰ浱Ӱ
ΰЦγѰգգ۾
뵽ڵϷΰװһ䡰족
оԷûзΰ׾ǸûᣬסԷĶ䣬˳ʱ뷽һš
һ룬ţҴˡ
ΰššƺǵûʰԷˬ죬ķҡ
һ֮£ΰּӴȡ
ѧˣûٳҺšֻظҴˡ֡
ΰˣɿĶ䣬ӶԷȥ˵ʶࡣ
Ϊ˱ٲΰ˵֮󼪡
֪ĻΪй׷
һߣǮЪ˹С¶첻ãҪƨɣ
֪ȫһԣҶ
ΨˮҪ۾Ų˲
ʮӣǮˣòͣ
֪ˣڨЦŽ͵Ǯܣ±Գɹġ
˭֪ܲƣΰ׺ȵǱƣŻĺ¡
Ҫٵȵȣһ߾ͺðˡ
Ǯͨ뺣ʮ죬ҲøҰ
ԣæظ֤ģҾԸˡ
⻰ǮܷһЦ˵ȻҶ㲻
֪ԷںЦ
뵽ԼüѱǮϣ϶ͷϵ亹ˡ
գһȥƬѰΰ׵Ӱ
ڿ籾Ҳž籾ȥұߵϣЦȤСΣһôڿ죬Щǰ˶Ҫɳ̲ˡ
ΰײǺǱ湦ֻ֮ίߣʦǫˡ
ûȥ˼װܽôû
ΰԣЩ̧۾Ұϵʽ㣬ȥʣ
Ǳƣˣ붼û;ܾˣ
ΰףΪԷûʲô൱
һԼͷҵˣﻹкɫ
λ˵ҪƱһֻϻס
뵽Ͼһ亹Ҳ˲Ϻΰ׼׽Ҵææˡ
ΰǵԶȥӰһηȻбаá
ûϴš
ֱ˵۶ĵڶ죬ϲˡ
ʱΰ׵ϷѾʣ޼ٹͿɱˡ
ΰ׾òҪίԼûôϡ
˭룬£ĵýζӡ
ΰ׷ʤ˵һ䣺ʦǸԱ⣬Ϊ
ЦһɫЩףôͻȻ˵
ΰ׹ǣ΢΢һЦͻȻˡ
ĩˣΰֵ˵ɲ˶ֽţŻʹײϡ
⻰һ촽̶ͣۿɼػˡ
ʱԺֻһ뷨
ΰô֪ġ
Ҫ֪ǮѾβʹɾˡ
˿߬ȭͷʹԼ侲
ָϵЦݣװʵСΣ˭ģ
ΰԴ¶ƤЦݣ£



099 Ц 
ΰЦú𣬵УȴоëȻ
סƬ̣һЦݻصҺȻеҪˡ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬϷ·²˷֣һ̶˸ûӰ
ǵ繭һɳȥӰΰײп
ƽʱ˵Լϣؼʱܵòͦ
ϻ϶Ҫһ䡣
ôС
ܻԼϢң̰Ǯܴ绰
ʱǮɫСԱû˼ϡ
ϴ˼飬Ǳʼûнӣ÷·ȹϵϣϢת
£ֻܸıԡ
ɴ绰ɷϢ
ȻЩϢͬʯ󺣣ǮǱ߳ٳûлӦ
ʱƣ̬ըѡ
ǮôڹؼʱӰ
ΰ֪ǼɵģζžǱ߿϶֪ˡ
һǺܿͻӭ֣֮
УҪҲΰ׵汳
뷨ϷͨѶ¼һ뷢Ϣȥ
Ը磬輸ֵܡ
ϹأȰǮ
հ죬˵Ǹֵǵ̾Ǯ
ôˬ죬Ը֮¾Ͷֵܳȥ
Һˣǵȴʵʱ
ΪˣͲղǣָֻƽЦӡ
صƬϵݾȣѴҸɻ
ߵͷǰΰ׶һۡ
ֻǶ̶̵һ˲䣬ΰ׻ǲ׽˶Էеá
ΰ׾֣̲סֹ
ߵʱţô˿֮ɫ
ʱ䣬ǰ󲻹ʮӵʱ䡣
ûΰĥһ£㿪ʼ
ΰû취ֻʱѹȥ۾ͶС
תۼ䣬һȥˡ
ΰ׼ӭһҹϷ
ԣƽʱûʲôͬ
Ƕ˵ǰΰ׵ĺûᡣ
Ҫ֪ҹϷἫƣ̶и
ΪֻҪֳ̫󶯾Ӧ÷ֲ쳣֮
뷨ϾԸļֵܹš
ⲻ֪Դΰϴβ£͸ƵģÆرġ
ص۶ǰ˰˸ڹΰ׵İȫ
֪ΰײϲûи߶ԷЩڵĴڡ
ڲصúʵȻҲ֪
ɵΪΰ״ʼնһˡ
ҹɫҲɽš
һϷΰͬһ㣬ȥһױʦױ
ʣµʱ䣬̱ϣСˢ΢һֻ⪡
ԹϳԵһ룬͸о˵ס˹ߡ
ΰʶ̧۾ȥ
ֻվԼĪԶɫ任Ī⡣
Ŀԣΰ򿪿ڣͼ϶¶Цݡ
֪ǲĴܸоڵ񣬺ڴϵ⡣
ΰӦûţ̲סüͷ
ͬʱƿϵͷǹƣװʲô߻˵ġ
ΰ˿ʦʲô£
ЦЦЦٴγ֣ţֻ·ѡ
ΰײһ˵ǡ
ɵӣȻܹо϶⡣
ϧоΪ֤ݣٶҲܶô䡣
ΰţʱϾȻԼˡ
ǰһֵĻҹɫúһ£Ժ᲻ˡ
ΰ׹õɴ۾
Բۣ
Ƭ˶ӣΰײ÷ֻܵϵв
Ī˭鶼á
ΰѵõسNG
Ϊ̫ˣ׼õĿȡ
ΰ׳źȿȵʱ򣬵һԼ״̬
ڶģΰ׾ͨˡ
ΰԼϷݣ߻ûչʹԼؾƵꡣ
߳Ƭΰ׼ϳȻƳ˳
һİףΰʶ־衣
Է߽ŷǸŮ
ΰ׾ͽ䱸¡
Ů򴽣Щʵλұβˣһؼ𣿡
ΰԣɨһۡ
ȻԶиμɵӡ
ΰ׵ߣװͷ羰תͷ
ΰ׼״֪Է϶飬ŲҺӡ
Ůŵͣΰ׾Ӧˣãؼҡ
ĩˣΰֵסİ
ŮصӰӻظ
ΰײİο¡ʵڲУҿ԰㱨
⻰ŮæҡͷûʲôҲûʲôãˡ
ΰֻ飬ԷϽɣҲûм֣㡣
ŮĴ£ΰ׸뿪Ӱӻ߽֮һڵϹС
ΰ׸ое㲻Ծס
ŮͷҺСʱҸĸˡ
Ǻܿ͸ͥҾεĴڡ
ΪûԸҪңֻܺүүΪСס
˵Ůһʡ
ΰ׼æǸ¡
Ůһ߲һ߻صҸǸһؼңȴûǰ˵
ΰʲôĶûˣˣٲȥ˼Ҹżˡ
Ůšһסᡣ
ߵΰ׼ͣ½Ų˳תͷʵ𣿡
Ů¶мЦݣԣҼҡ
ĩˣŮͷСʵҪȱˮ𣿡
ΰɫ˲ˣŮæ͵ҲǸ˼ֻΪһؼңôԶ·ȱˮӦõġ
˵Ůٴүү̶ڼңʲôģȱˮɡ
ΰ׵ֵס飬ֻõͷðɡ
ŮԣǾϲǼллԸҼ͡
˵ƿǰţĴԺ棬غүү̣һ
ܿ죬λͷ׷˼˳
ΰ֮Ůʵʲôʱ򽻵ѣС濡
үүһԸ͵ǰ͸ӻ߳Ƶġ
Ůæͣλҵѣֻһλˡ
⻰һڲЩʧ
ǡˡ֣ܿǵע⡣
ӼץŮʵô£
Ů򴽣°֮ڻؼҵ·ϱһиˡʱҺܺ£ұܾ˺üΣλԸһؼҵ
꣬ùΰ׿ͷﻹڲͣ˵šлл
ΰ׻ӣҲûּơ
λ˷ΰ׼æڰֵҾ˳ְ˸æô
̣Ҫģ㣬ӨӨ֪ô
ʱӨӨһԴôãҶû㵹ˮ
ΰǡЩˣԷݹ֮붼ûͺˡ
ûãΰ׸оЩͷΣİҲʼת



100 Ҫ־͹̫ƭ 
⣬мˣ
ʶ㣬ΰ׼æλԴͼԼЩ
ϧûʲôãоˡ
ΰ׳ܣʶҧס⡣
ʹϮԺΰǿЩ
ΰżȫ־Ӳſڷߡ
˭룬·Ϊͷδýһģڵء
ӨӨ֪ҩЧΰ׻ܵ
ӨӨ̲סЦ
ΰЦ̧ͷŭǰˡ
ӨӨ״Цøˡ
ΰΪʲôεʵ̫ˣ˵
ʧȥʶǰһ̣ӨӨ˵ңҪ־͹̫ƭ
ȷΰûʶӨӨ֪ͨˣǹ˴ߡ
ʱбΰ׵ıڼôʱ䲻ʼЩԾ
˶һۣȥ̽
׼ԺʱȻһȺɷˡ
ݾ飬ǾЩӦǵϵˡ
ãΰΣգ
о
ڶӳ룬иʹ˸ɫʾð¡
ᣬĬص˵ͷ
ȵȺƿԺӵţǾͬͻɽȥ
ͷĻë١ָȥӭս
ܹרҵѵʱȺСҪõöࡣ
ۿЩ֪ðĺҪӮˣëܽ𼱻ǵӨӨ㣬²ˣ
˼ܴˣƺǳСԱġ
ǱЩ˴֮ǰתƳȥ
û취潻
ŵǺĻëӨӨҪ࣬ģһ֡
ڻëɻĿУн͵ѡӵʱѡкŵģ뵽ܻᷢڵ
ë⻰ֱķڷѹӨӨܳΪԸĸ
ӨӨƳһۻëЦ
氧ԽԽӨӨ²Լ˿Ҫסϵëߡ
ëа죬ΰѸٳźȥ
գգ۵ĹǾܳԺӣΰ
ëżţֱӽߡ
һ룬Ӿͬ˳ȥ
ǴȺС죬ͣܽ
ֿûˣڶӳָӵѣ
Ӧǡʼͷж
ǽⶼһ飬ûΰס
ԴӶԷжͬ뷨
²
뵽жΰףڶӳæ㱨ȥ
ͷԸΰйϢΪӼΧ
յϢͫһ
عһӶûҵ飬ϸ˵绰
ܿ죬Ǳ߽ʵôҴ绰˾ʲô£
ǹ˾˿ѹĻŻŵĸоڲǰ˰ˣȥ
ʲôæҪȥ
⼸زϵ¾ͽˡ
òעģȥҺǳ߿ϻ顣
õġᰲǵһ൱о顣
ź˹ϵ£˵ɻ
·ʹ˽˷ɻˡ
Сʱȥɻ񴨻
һߣΰѾ͵ķֿ⡣
ӨӨѡеĽ׵ص㡣
뵽󲿷˶ǳУӨӨΰÿƣ˼ֵܡ
ţϷϢȥ
Ѿˣʲôʱȡ
ϡ
ϳ֮ǰ֪ͨһǮܡ
룬ǮǶԹʱ򣬻ǰ˸㵽ֱ֣͹ȥɡ
뷨ס˼ǰ׵ص㡣
Ǽҷֿλڽ
ĿٶȣȥԼҪһСʱ
Ϊҹζ࣬ϼúƶȣֱӲųȥ
Ӳʱʮӡ
ȥֿ⣬ΰϵҩЧûǻԲѵ״̬
뵽ΰ֮ǰв޾˶Էš
ӨӨûͣüʵ⣿
ϻش⣬˵£ѾǮתԸ磬ҿԴ˰ɣ
ӨӨЦصת˼¼ҿ
Са졣
ˡת˼¼ӨӨǱһơ
лˡ룬ָһ»ëҰ˿ϳ
ӨӨԣĻëļ򣬡ȥɡ
ëͷȽΰ׵첲ڼϣø첲§סԷĴȡ
һ룬ë񿸴Ƶģΰ׿
ϳɹȡϢǮܡ
Ǯܲţͷ¼һƵͬһǮܡ
ǮյϢжʱŷϲĹ⡣
ԭȥ˯ھ͸˼ѪƵģòˡ
֮£Ǯܷ´͸תһǮ
ٰһ㡣
õģϴȥ
ϿǱǮ˵ǶҪֵ̫Ѩ
йأһֽǮһֽ
û뵽ǮܾȻô
ԽԽĳȣ̲סС
һˣϵľиȫûע˽ë˼£תѵļ
ΰԺ֮УܸоֻӬڡˡͣ
ֻӬĸ꣬ҪȴԼˡ
£ΰֻŬ۾
Ƥ񱻽ˮճסһ˺ü鶼ûɹ
ΰѾӽ״̬֮ǰĻԶԺ
ʶԼˣΰżĻš
ΪŪˣͱԼ
򲻸ˣԼĪСʱ֮ڳɹˣ
ΰײ֪Σûֱ۾һд
Ŀⴥ˾ıӰΰ׸о쳣졣
ϧûĥ˭ͻȻͣˡ
Ƴվźܶˣΰ׼æ۾װʡµӡ
ûãΰ׸о˰
ȫ̴ҳ¶Է֪Լˡ
һΰױɳϡ
ţϵ𣬡ǮܣѾ͵ˣա
ǮͷЦ£һġ
ĩˣǮֵھͰһǮ㡣
˽̸ΰ׶УΪ𾪡
ζԷ˶ڣֲֻ֣ܰ
ͬʱΰﲻͣϣ˷ˡ
תһ룬ˣҲδҵ
ΰЩ
Ҫǻ߾ͺˡ
նԷ˵ӣôȥ϶˳
ʱǮܺѾˡ
ǮǸҹζˡ
̫˻⣬ָӶ˰ΰ״϶¥ҡ
ΰ״Ĵ棬µĺë
ȵŲʧΰ۾
ͷһӰΰסƬ̣ʲôˡ
ΰд󾪣æ´ҪѰ·ߡ
һ̧ͷͺǮĿԡ
Ǯ¶Цݣˣ



101 ǧһ 
ΰûд
ǲµСӣȻ֪ԷǵаĿζʲô
ĵ⣬жʤ㡣
ϵҩҩԻûȫɢȥ
ԷӲϹƿеѡ
뵽ΰ׵׹˼֡
ǮܷԼ˵꣬ΰȫûд˼ɫЩѿ
תһ룬˶еƢ޿ɺǣָֻЦݣΰǰɣ
ΰɱֳĬֻһͼıˡ
ѾˣᷢչصĵزͺͶԷͬھˡ
ȻҪŮŸ˹ͳȥͲڻȥ
ԼΣյʱ򣬻Ϥ˵Եʣ쳣Ǹˡ
ҪܹԵ粨ͺˡ
һΣյʱ򣬾ܵһʱ߶Է
ʱΰڸ·ϡ
Сʱ֮ǰڶӳշԸΰ׽Ӵˡ
鵽ϴҹȥٶ֣㱨ʱ˵ˡ
˵ϵǰæҵ·أȥ
ܿ죬Ǳ߾͸ϵĳƺţ鵽뿪Ƶ֮·ߡ
֪ȥķֿ⣬þˡ
ԭ˻ڷֿ˽׵ġ
ȷĿ֮ͺ;һǰĿĵأλ񴨶ı
·ϣһ뵽ΰ׿ֺܻ絶
Լķˣô죿
ȣҪΰףԷȥҽԺ״Ρ
ΣбҪҽԤֹΰ׳
ϺĻ֪֮ǷᣬҲеֶʰǣǳʲôζ
ǮܷѾ࣬ûеΰһЦ
̬䵭Ǯֻܲ
ԭǮţҪܹԸþͲҪӲˡ
˭룬ΰ׾͸éĳʯͷһֳӲ
Ǯĺľٺΰ˷ʱ䣬ٵ˺ܶġ͡
ͳӽ⿪
ţֽƤڴβ
ΰ׼״ĵҪ³ˡ
ͷεΰ׸û´
£ֻŬŲ֮ľ롣
Ǯ·¶ɫЦݣ˶~
ۿǮܾҪΰ׼æԱŲȥ
Ȼҩ£ж״̬»١
ʹ̵ľûȫ㿪Ǹĵˡ
첲ԷקסΰŭĿԲſң
Ǯܵͷˣƽ˼֮ɫϵĿЦҲ˼ˣøס
硱Գƣΰ׸оԼ·˲Ӭθʱһӿ
Ǯԣɫ˲Ҫǰɣ
ΰ̧۾ŭǮ˵
ΰ׻ǲϣǮܵĻǳˣƲԳԷơ
Ǯ˵꣬Ҫȥ˺ΰ׵·
ΰ׼æֵ̧סǮһơ
İ
Ǯܱˡ
عǮҧгݵԼˣ
Ǯܻ£ȥץΰ׵֡
ΰ㣬ȴû㿪ֶֻץסԴࡣ
˫޷ΰֻܿΥ־ǿзϵڷ
ǮԣЦΪһẦ£
ΰʵ̫ˣǮܾȰѶԷСϡ
ǮܸҪȥΰ׵졣
ǧһ֮ʣźȻһ߿
ǮתͷҪ˭ĺ¡
ֻվź󻹸˺ü죬Ǯɵˡ
һΰѹ£ǰȥһƿǸˣΰϵ¼һ顣
ȷΰûˣŲʵ𣿡
ΰҧҧ§סĲӣۿȵĴ̫á
ûڣΰֵˣ뿪òãܡ
æӦãʹߡ
£ΰף˳ȥ
ǮȥıӰ
ΪǵҵֻҪܸûˡ
ʱ˿̣ǮܺȻʹϡ
Ҫΰ׵Ƭջָΰ׶˵أΰ׶κͷ
ãҲܲС
ϧûкҩ˵ʲôˡ
Ǯܰûڲѵʱ򣬶ߺȻһλ˰ܣԼΥ־ǿзϵһˣܵ顣
⻰һǮٴɵˡ
ûҺ쵼ѣͱֱӴ˳ȥ
ʱϻصƵ꣬ſ˵һֱڷɵЦ
ֻ׼ϴ˯ʱȻ
Ͽһʱ䡣
ôˣ˭ʱ
ƵýĴߴ£ǹȥŴˡ
վ⣬Ͼֱס
뵽˰ΰװˣ϶ʱһɲԤС
һۣѹʵʶλʲô𣿡
ʾ˹֤һܰһˣܵ顣
סƬ̣ŵʿˮǲǸˣ
ĩˣϻŽ˵ҿط񣬻ΪܶҵףǲɱΣŻץң
죺ģǲԩκһˣҲŹκһˡ
ϻƱ磬ȴᡣ
ͳϾͫһʶ
ûüţͱֱײˡ
ϲϣɴֱӰŵ첲һ߸һ߾棺ʵ㣡
Ļ֮£ȥɸƵŤ
֮⣬ϵҲûţԴӱһֱںɱ
ĸ£ȵķ伸ˣһһ
Ϊ¥Ǿ˵ģԳ˲ԱǹԱ
ϱѺ˷׷
ΪԼˡ
ֱǳϣǲγѰգգ۾
ѽϾȻˣҲ̫˰ɡ
ƳǶڿ֣ûһΪ飬۾ˡ
Щǣƽʱôã
ŭ֮µˣִйΥġ
ǵССݣñΪðա
ûƬ΢Ͼ御ˡ
߽ŵգΰǱҪгࡣ
˳ɰڻһźһߵûˡ
ΰ׻£һʱûסͺۿ
ֵǣԽԽޣֱӿ޵ͣˡ
۵ýֱ޲ߡ
һȣչȥסΰ׵Ĵ꣬ͼԴתΰ׵ע



102 ˣñ̬ 
ǰ㱻ˣΰ׶ĵҪ³ˡ
Աȣûų⣬ﻹĪĻϲ
ΰͷʱˡ
ֻΰס
ΰ׵˽⣬ȶԷ侲ͻƿ
ͱӵ׼
˭룬ΰ׾ȻӦ
סƬ̣̽̽Եǣɲķʽǡ
һͣһΰ׵һ·¡
˳ĲǾƯǡ
;һ㱡ţ˶١
ָͷǿС㣬ظоɪһ¡
Ľ𣬹⽫ס
ΰ׵
ôһŪΰ׸о˶ˣµļƤ񶼳ˡ
ΰҧҧͼסսУԼ߳ܵ
״΢Ӵȣֻ
ܿ죬ΰ׾мܲסⲨһ
ΰڵһ±ͨ죬ղŸˡ
߳ĵʹ֮£ΰæסԼͼӱʵ
ΰ׵ΣҪڶˡ
ΰ׷ӦǿңζŶио
ΰʱĿܣԱΰڷ·һ̲ˮӣóһۡ
ΰ׵ʵ
ǣȥԷߣѹɤʵϲ𣿡
ȵϢڶϣΰֶ˶ϵ¶ȸˡ
󣬷·Ҫȥΰס
ҹܳûҪһʱΰ״ģ
Σΰ׻عصˣñ̬
ԣһЦװʮֲʵô̬ˣ
㡪ΰס㡱˰죬ԼһƬհף֪˵ʲô
鼱֮£ΰֻظǱ̬
̧۾ֱΰףЦݱζȻ˵Ǳ̬ǲʲôǿˣ
ΰɵˣ
Сֻû˵ڣͱס졣
ʼʩȰΰ׵ͷתٰѶԷϱߣԼǶǰ档
ãȻ۾·һˮΰף⿪˶ԷĿӡ
֪ôģȻꡣ
ڳ棬žڸס˳
ΰ׸оԼ·˱µһС
ڱ£СòŻζ
Ļ걻ſҪ£ȴסϮ
֪˶ã꽥Ъ
ΰ̱ϣͰ͵·ɢҹ䡣
ĺ鲼ͷͷΪˮʪţ˷·մˮ̳
ԭӨƤȾһɫ·һֻ͸ˮҡ
ֻҧһڣ֭ˮͻŷ
ζΣղҳһ顣
Ҫѭ򽥽ٳԼ̵ӡ
ΰ׸оԼϵĿûֿ֪ʼˡ
ΪܹϷΰײò⣬ɴ۾Ҫǻͱ񴨴ˣ
ΰ׷Լ˵꣬ͰĿŲˣﲻֵ⡣
룬Ầ£̫гɾ͸ˡ
ȻΰΪ׺ݵӣУ·һֻСè졣
׵ӣǵû˿˾쳣ɰ
֮תͷΪԼٿȥ̲סΰʲô
ʹγɣڽΰҪġ
صƵ꣬ΰ׻ûлָԼ³еѡ
£ɴұ㡣
Уΰʶܾˣһй׵㣬϶ѡ
ñ峡оΰ׶ں쳣ܣ͸Ƶģֱֿࡣ
һǾ̫Σˡΰ׼ֵ
ǶԣΪʲôҲУһʱûסʳ롣
ΰƲƲ죬ʲôݡ
˶٣Ͷ̡
ǲ̫⣬ΰײüͷͷؽ̫ͣˡ
˵ϣҪǻףǷˡ
ʵϣһ̽ˣôܲеơ
ôʣ⣬̽ΰλá
ϲɺأΰ̬Ѿɶ
տʼʱ򣬶Էʮа˾ֻ֡
ΰ׵ļ£ڳϴ˰Сʱ
ָңΰԵ˵ҿˡ
ԣüͷ΢΢ǵģȷЪ
ΰ׵ͷȷ
ҪȰΰ˵ֲƷòôС
һصҲκʧ
ΰ̾˿ڱúÆ¡
⻰֪ôӣѡĬ
ΰеɴԼмĵ壬˾˵鷳ѳŵ򿪡
˾̧۾ӣѯ
ҪҪ˴򿪳
á
˾ᣬװԼʲôû
ΪúΣʵȫΰ۵ס
ۿ˾ϰæΰֻȥʼٸߣ
ΰ׵£ѡ
ҪôұȥҪôٴСʱ
ĩˣλڷ֮ǰȰҪǿ
ΰˣ޿κΡ
Ҫ֪״̬£ûʤԡ
Ҫ˵ڣ۵֫ȫſſģ˶÷Ѿ
ΰ벻취ˣ۲Ĳֱӱ۾Ϣ
һϵоĶǵ飬ΰ׵ͳŲסˡ
Ϊ֮ǰû˯ȥ
ڽ񾭷ˣܿͽ硣
˰СʱŲˣͶССһŵΰ˵ˡ
˵ȣΰ޶ԣʧЦô󰡣
˵ֵ꣬˻
оΰûд˼εҡҡͷʼ˼ôˡ
ôǣչȥһŷ֣ΰ˯ˡ
סƬ̣ԷСЩ⣬ôãҪұȥ
³֮ǰ̺ӣΰ׹ʵʵ
ȷûϵóСΰ³
ص䣬˷ڴϣתȥԡëȥһȵˮڴǰ
˱ˮߣӡ
ȽëʪȻšɣһΰ׵
֮󣬾岿ˡ
·£ͰºͿȫѵֻΰڿϡ
Ķ͸ղһǲͣظΰײӡ
ȫˡ
뵽ղûС£˶ΰ׶Упܻᷢա
ΰһ¡
뵽Ƴһΰס
˯㣬Ӧò;Ͱ˱ȥԡ
׼ΰ׾Ȼˣ
Ŀԣס



103 ̩ϳɾ 
ΰ׵ͷԼȱˣͫһ
̺˫ȣͬʱסؼλǾʵ
˶٣ЩЦûصû˼ֻ
ΰԣǰܻݱһΡ
Ϊԣΰ׺Ͳˡ
Ҳղ˯ȥˣŻŻᡣ
ΰҧҧļ˵ԼϽȥ
ѵܽӴĻᣬȻŹ
ȻҪΰס
ֵҰ㡣
ĩˣ֤ģҲ顣
ΰ⻰Ļֶ˼֣ǰô˵ģ
ԣԼⷽûʲôȡ
ʵϣΰѾƲˡ
Ŀԣΰ°ͣڳõ̬
̬˼ֻ˲úúãҳȥ
ǰ뻹ǲģתͷԡţºҡ
ΰϷܵͷʵССֹҲŲẰ㡣
Ŀ߳ԡңΰ׽ڵԷɡ
һ룬类Ƶֱ̱ԡ
۷ſշ˻ΰ״˸ĹǷۿȫˮ
ˣøϽȥ˯
뷨ΰ״ԡվ
ûüжһˤ˻ȥ
ԡȫˮΰûˤ̫ҡ
ĸ첲ĵԡױԵʹ̲סһ
šԡҵųȥʵôˣ
Ϊ̫ۣΰ׾µһţ˵
״øϽȥ˴ԡ̳ڻ
ΰ׵ĸ첲ˣЩʵĵԡˣ
˵ֵǾ͵ͷǾҡͷ
ΰԣ˵ͷ
ĳ£æԡҡ
ΰ׻·𼱻ǵشǰҽԺ
ȥҽͷ󺹣Ϊʲô¡
ΰ׵ʱҽɵˣ⣿
⻰һʲôо⣿
ҽ֪ԼˣæǸ˼ҿôżΪȽΣա
Ҫ˵ΰװһ¶Է
ᣬòԼ졣
ʱҽȻһ䣺λֻطĵ𣿡
ΰ׵ͷĸ첲һĨǣӦûʲô۰ɡ
ҽע⵽ˣûôء
ƳǸƷǷ˶ԼҽŵʿˮȻʵڲģĸƬ
꣬ӹҪƬ
ΰ׾СϽȥ˯ͳ˳˵˰ɡ
ΰɤʹӦˡ
סƬ飬Ҳġ
ΰֲ֪ȥֻ˷Ѹʱ䣬òˣаɡ
ʵ֤ĵЩࡣ
ΰ׵Ĺͷȫû£ֻǿֺףŻԵرˡ
¥ҩΰ׸оԼú·˯ȥ
΢΢յԷʵұȥ
⻰ΰŵ˲ѣֵҶˡ
ֻһ˵ܾ֮Ҳûм֡
˳ΰ²ӣֳ˯˹ȥ
ؾƵ·ϣֶѾ΢΢
๤ֳʼˡ
·ߵ͵꼸ţǰӡ
֮ܶ˯ĳ
̧һۣ㻹вӵʱ䡣
Լ˰СʱʻƵͣ
ͣóͬϴǰ㣬̺ӽΰ׹ʵʵŴӳﱧ
ص䣬Ҵææϴ˸ս裬ΰӵߡ
һϵĺֱ˯硣
ΰʱ˯С
뵽ԷΪȥ˯£ΰᶯ
˭룬հѴ첲Ųߣ˹
±˲ԷĲ˵˯
ΰӣҿˡ
ԣֻʵʲô
˵ΰ̾˿Ҳ֪ʲôǶӶˣԶ
룬Ǿͳ˰ɣȵ塣
ΰû˾һǰһ´ֱϴȥˡ
ĩˣΰ׻صԼ任·ȥǱߴߴٵ𣿡
һӣ뵶صˡ
׼ŵʱ
ΰ׹ȥһֻվ⡣
ϴһһϡ
ΰײ²Ҫ㱨ҪȥԷҲһɡ
˼룬ѯܴܲӦ
ͷˣŸҴӦǾʹˡ
·ϣҪ㱨ȫᡣ
ͷ˲ΣڶΰɵЦںΰ˵ĻȻ󱻶Է
ΪоĶ⡣
Ƴ˾һϰΪӣˡ
ΰע⵽ˣײײļǵʵлҪ˵
Ϊֲǹʱ䡣
ΰ׵ɴ۾ǲ˼飬һǱʲôô죿
ɲΪסΰţΪæһϣܲϢһ£
ΰױƿҪĹˡ
뵽ϣ˳סˡ
Լûƿжʱϲ
˶̰ĵģְԴΰ׼ϡ
֮ľ룬·΢һ£촽ͻ׵ΰס
ΰ׸оȵϢڲϣ̲ס˶㡣
Ȼΰÿһ㣬ǰչȥһ㡣
£ΰ׷ǵû㿪Էѹ˳ϡ
˾״м䵲壬¿ʲôÿĶ
ھ͸ϷŻƵģûۿˡ
ܱյĿռ
ΰּ̫ˣ
ڴ֮ǰֻ붺ΰס
ڿΰͨ죬ǳ¡
ΰ׵ʱ״̬
һʱ䣬ÿڸ촽
˵һ˷ӦΰȻܸоõġ
ۿСֱֵþΰ̲סһ䣺̩ϳɾʱضᷢ飬ɥĲ񣡡
ⷬߣǵûŭ˼һЦųˣǰȷʵ
ΰԣϵ¶ȸˣ˵㣬㣬㲻Ҫ
΢΢ףǰҪ
ƺһΰ߷֮¶˵ˡ
״оԼͷˣæɿԷˣֻڶ档
ⲻ֪ͻãһΰ׾͸ˡ
ΰҲû˵һ仰·Ҫ



104 λת 
ˣΰ׻תȥֻ˸Ӱ
Щ顣
ǸĹĵӰ˰Σ̽ȥĶԷļ
׼˵ûʱȴΰһĿˡ
֮⣬ٻһöС
룬Ȳΰˡ
ΰ׾͸ըëèƵģöԷ侲һ±ȽϺá
뷨ڽʱûȥΰǰˢڸС
ͣڳȥǼʽ¥ǰΰĬĬϿֺñӣӳɽȥ
ŵʱߡ
Ƴһұߵΰʵڲ˵
ᣬΰм䵲Ŀƿأѵ彵˾˵ܲܿһ߳ţ
ΰ룬ڴ·ϣȥûġ
Ȼ˾ûڵһʱ̬ʾ
Եɴܣꡣ
ϰͷìܣ뵱ڻҾֻܶԶ㡣
뵽˾콻һ񣬽ԴӶԷжͬϢ
ĩˣ˾ջߣȴָʾ
ΰע⵽ǵӶһֻԲĺࡣ
״㳯˾΢΢ףʾԷӦ
ʵԭλᣬΰ׺˵š
˭룬ΰԾȻô󣬱˵ˣû
ΰ壬òѡá
ƳΰĹĵģ̲ס̾˿
ˡ
ΰ̾ûдϷܶĳˡ
˾߳ŵƿȥ
߽ԱʾԤϢ
ڷԱĴ£ΰ״϶¥ȫûһ
εҡҡͷ׷ȥ
û취˭ΰˡ
ΰע⵽׷²˳ǸˣʶӿµĲ
ԽԽ죬Ҳżӿٶȡ
׷ҸϣӲݱ˾߱
ΰſ˶ûۡ
֮£ΰ·ķԱͲˣһ˫߸Ь
ҪǳõְҵλˣôżǶͶ̥
ߵ䣬Աһ
תȥʱΰժñӡ
֪ǲĴܸоλ˳úΰס
ԥҪҪȥѯʵʱӭһλɢϢˡ
⼸ڲҵľ飬ֻһ۾͸о˷Ǹ
Ŀԣѹȸͷ
߽֮Ϣ˲̲ס˼ۡ
ֻǸü۾µĿȥڶԷǰ˵˻
ھԶòУֻԼ֮ۡ
ףԭ֮Ҳǻ˵İ
һԳ£
²˼䣬Źϣת뿪
ںԼСڣ˺òã
ΰסƬ̣˭׼ôҵģˣ
Ϊ˱ʾƺΰ׻˴첲˵ҼƤˡ
ûˣɴֱѯʶԷҪô
ΰԣ̲ס˸ۡ
ˣҪ취
Ϊΰ׸ոȥĻҸȼơ
Լ꣬ٴܵΰ׵ĮӣһʱżΡ
ʱơ
һ룬ܣҿԽ𣿡
˾䡰
ͬʱΰԡ
߽䣬Щ΢û˵
λ˽⣬˳ûΰ׺á
뵽˾Զλ£֮ܳꡣ
û˵ﰲ÷·һڵ϶
ΰ׸о²ڣɴ΢СŵԹϡ
Լ˶ʮӣٴ
űƿԱ̣½½߽䡣
ΰ׷һϺ֪Ǹ˵ġ
⣬ʾá
ȵеĲˣͰߣһܲñϺǵʦ
ΰע⵽ˣûдԷԹԵس˷
ԱһĻУп
뵱꣬ΰ׸͸ͷ˵˳æʰ칫ҡ
Уı˵Сͻݡ˵ʮʮġ򹷡
ʱ˶ΪΰһС
û뵽ΰ׾ȻᷭũūѸ質
ܣܳΪġ򹷡
ΰ׳鰡
ΰע⵽ڰЩ֡
̧ͷ׽е壬еɻ
ʱ磬Ҳˣ
ˣΰ׵עȥ̽õϺƹȥ˵԰ɣϲϺʡ
ΰ״ǰϺʿˮֺľܾˡ
̴죬һϺʾã
ޣ붼룡
Ҫ룡
ΰΪܾúܼᶨ
ⲻ֪ʿˮĶͱ۵ס
˶٣װʧ˵Ȼ㲻ϲҾԼˡ
£ҪϺʡ
ΰۼֿ
һۣΰսԿͼװʲôû
ٰλëˣξûж
ΰ׳ְһϺʡ
ȫ̶źԼСڳԷԼûгԼڡ
ֱΰ׳ԵòˣŵרĳԷ
ĿɿڴΧ̡
󲻳ܸ˵򹷾Ȼ̶ֳȡ
ɣݲڳʱǲǻֱӸι
ֱˣ찵զࡣ
Ϊ̫𾪣춼ǳԷˡ
Ժ֮󣬷¿ʵ㲻Ҫ㱨
óϵݹȥϺλǮܶץˣǰˣδ鵽
ԣüͷǱˣ
ͷǵģ漰ǵϢȫĨˡ
ӳ˼Ƭ̣Ͽ϶֪Щʲô
ĩˣתͷԵˣΰף㱻֮ǰû˵ʲô
ΰ׳°ͣһ߻һ˵ƭҹȥŮֽӨӨ
ó˺ĸо
Ļ촽泤һС롣
ΰ׷Լÿ˵һ䣬ɫͺһ֣Ī˼顣
£ΰԽ˵ԽСֱû
״˿Ը죺ȰṩϢȥ顣
Ӧá߳䡣
ѾᵽٵϢٲ߾ҪĿ˵ĳֳˡ
ʣ˺ſࡣ
ΰ׿ڣԼû˵ǵôкøа
⻰һΰЦˣǴ̳ӳɾ𣿡
ԣʶϵûгԴס
ͻȻΰ׾붺档



105 ı 
תһ룬óùĻ
ῴԼԿΰֻôͷ
ͻȻĬԼո˵Ļ ҳһλڵ׵㡣
ȥһһֲ𿪷ûҳ
Ʋѣòһ£ȴΰ˵ؾƵɡ
·ϣΰ׺ȻԼû͵٣æͳֻ
״Ϊʲô£ǹʵôˣ
ΰԣͷû̧һߴһ߻ص˺͵٣ҵú˵һ
ùֻЦ˵ˡ
⻰ΰ˿
ĺܿŰθ˼֣ȥ͵˵ģ
԰ΰۿɼٶˣﲻЩţʲô𣿡
ˣΰ׵ɴ۾ץ
о̫⣬ΰֻѹ·͵ľ㡣
ȥ٣˿϶롣
£϶к֪ܶǹϵһˡ
֮֮ڿɬô±֪ǵĹϵ
ΰ붼ûͻصȻ
ԥӣʹģʲôʱŸһ֣
֣ΰʲô֣
Ѿ֪Էߣȥ˺䡣
ΰסƬ̣׹˼Ц˳磬㲻Ϊ˾ζźͺ˰ɣ
ȷʵΪġ
ΪΰײԸͺõʱԸ
ΰˣڼ仹Ӧ
ЩǺͺõź
˭룬ΰھȻˣ
ɵˣֱ
ΰ׼״ﲻС
ǴʧӣоԼһƭ˸С
ΰ׾ᣬҪҪοԷʱϱӵļͻȻӿֳ
ΰǵʱûˡ
Ҫ֪ǰɱںݶˡ
ǰЩ£ΰײûаοһ̲סһ䣬ѾǶʮһˣϵܴʲô
⻰һȺֱֱۣΰ˵ûġ
ΰ׷һЦҵͱμˡ
ˣ֪˲û
ΰÿ˵£ǳԼϺõ˰̣ǿλһ顣
ԱҲûõȥ
һӱó
صƵ꣬ΰʲôû˵ԹԴ򿪳ȥֻһӰ
ΪЩĻģѵõû׷ȥ
ΰ׽˵ݣû׷˿
Ȼһ˿˵ʧ䡣
ΰױ۾Щ췢飬˼ֱҳһë
Ӧΰʵ
ΰ׻ص䣬ԼˤĴ׼ٲ
˯֮󣬾ͲȥЩ߰顣
ϧҪ˯ȥֻˡ
ΰƳһۣƬ˴ĵ绰
ɤӣΰ׽ʵʲô𣿡
ƬЦźѼ䣬˵εĿģʦϱץߵ£Ӧ֪˰ɣ
ΰסšһϸýͷˣô֪ܲ
ƬˣϵϷݲҪˣҺ͵һ£Աȼô
ΰüһжţʲô
ƬЦⲻҵ
ԱԣĹЩϷô죿ĿǸ󹤳̡
Ǵúڰġ
Ǿͺá
ҪǰϷݣ͵һˡ
˵£Ƭ˾ҪæΪɣͨ绰
ΰ׵ŵЬӣһ룬յϣ˯
˭룬Ƭͨ绰͸ħƵģô𲻳˯¡
ΰ׷ˣڴϴ˼
Ȼˡ
ΰûа취ɴֻԹϡ
һ΢ѣǰйصĴ
ҹߣ
Ӱܰ

Ŀⴥΰˡ
Ӵôʱ䣬ô֪
ΰƲѣֻõѰҴ𰸡
ϱߵʱͱһӣ񫷢ĸо
ȷʵ˿ûôŤ
Ӱô£
ͨû˵֣˵ͬԱ
˵ϡ˵н죬Ƥġ
ҲԵϣоƤ׼ȷɫС˲ŶԡСԸԸ⣬ᱻȥдϡ
ϣҴ֪ܰôˡ
һҲ
ΰ׿ﲻ
Щ̫ˣ͵ࡣ
뵱½ע㣬ûзϵĻ棬ΰ׸оԼ̫ˡ
˻ϣΰ׸оеģͷֻϢˡ
ΰΪ˸Ͻ˯ȥ˯ǰ
һǧֻΰ׵ʶģ׹ڰ֮С
תۼ䣬̫ҪɽˣҲζŷ㵽ˡ
ΰų˷ûж˿ûļ
ʱֻ
տʼʱΰ׾̾ˣûҪ
˭룬绰˸
ΰײӵ绰Ǳ߾һֱ
ΰķ͸ɴͷ£ͼԴס
ͷòΰֻܴ۾
ֻĵ绰ΰײɶԷǲǹġ
˾໰ΰ׽绰ͷ
еĻ˶٣һ£鵽ˡ
ΰԣɫźÿ˵㣬ҲЩ͹ȥ
ȥڷ䣬ΰѡ˸Զλ£һߴŹǷһ˵ʼɡ
ṩǵ˲鵽ǸӨӨŮǵһԸĸ
ԸӰĴˣֵмǧС죬˵һʵ۶Ϊ
ǰȦ˵Ĵǣ֮£︻ǿ˺ܶСˡ
Ϊÿζ¼ƵЩС˶š
ΰ̰ٶɨڳĹٷ롣
ΰ׻˳˵˵ٱڶнӰֵǮ
Ҫ绰æֹȵȡ
ΰײΪʲôΪװ
üģӽ͵Ϊû˳Ӱܷչ̶ȣóȻжֻݾߡ
ĩˣתͷ
ԣСϲ飬ǷӰ޼ҹϵǳ
ü޼ң
ͷǸ޼ҡ
үӵӣǡóе޼ҡ
ΰһͷˮ̲סʵĸ޼ң
үүҵӣǼҵˡ
ͣΰˡ
ϱûдˣҵ˿һ֪
֪ˣΰײıۣԷǳİɣ



106 ҽó 
ʵϣ޼ҲûڰƲ
үӵƣȷʵ֪ġ
μų֮̂ǰƲΰס
˵ڣûμ̵ΰףֻһСԱ
ûΰ׷˶ȷʵע
Ҫ˵ҵŮ
ڼǰƾʹˣҪһŮ޸
ΪѾүǱ߹·ԴҶŮ޸ĸʺܴ
λҲô롣
ӽݣ׼ʱˡ
ǺߵýŮԣᱻһ
ǰ꣬ļˣҪ
ңʵ̲ȥˣŵԺת
֮£Ե÷ϵˡ
񣬶ҪĶûв˵Ĺϵ㲻
ɴƶˣ񲻻ٷ˵λá
һٷ˵λȻĪ
֪ʱ䶼׷ΰܣ˾ˣΣС
Ҫ֪ǰǳĹ޲סڰ칫
ΪΰףȻܲҪ
֪ΰ׶жҪ
˵Ҫΰףѻ
״סȰ䣬֪ġ
û俪ڣֵжϲΰףֲǲ֪
䱾ʹ׵òС
һ˵ͺ˴׸׵ûֶ˼֡
˦񣬵ɴ۾˵ҾͲΪ˸ϲ̨ĶΥүүԸ
ԣװŵӣҲˣ
˵ʱ䲻ע⣬
ļƻ޽ҡ
ǳ˵Σ
ûãǱߴϢ
䰲ŵ˻ûȥΰ׾ȱˡ
֪Ϣˤ˺üӡ
΢ƽܻ֮ط磬¥˵ȥҹŰæɡ
ڳԥı飬ΪС´ŹŻ᲻᲻̫ã
꣬һ߶һ߱Թ綼ҪǸˣС£
ֻǿӦðɡ
һߣ㱨в鵽ϢΰͨԲɹԼŵñ
ϱμ̬Ϊȥڳ˵λá
ⱲͬΪƱ޼Ҷˡ
Ӱﱳп޼ҡ
޼Ը´ֱӱɱڣ
һеĸԴ
ɴ˿ɼԶԶ벻ҡ
үػһĻᣬܲΪһˣͰԼСûˡ
ΰ״⣬û
첹ϢԹ˵Ȼȥˡ
Ҫߣ˲ĵıŤʶںסȵȡ
ΰתɫʵ£
⻰ֱΰ׵ͼҳһ˿顣
Ȼΰϳ˾ǧ֮ı䣬
޷ţ§Ĳӣתˣ쾹Ȼ䵭
˵Ƿȷ黹춼Ϊ
˼⣬ΰ׾ô̶ֳȡ
˼ʱΰ׵ĲͷʱŨ
ڣΰ̲סˣǲͷߴٵ¾˵ĥĥģˡ
عܵקסΰ׸첲¶Էֱˡ
ΰƲƲ죬üۼ串һ㷳ſ
Ժǳ⣬ûһקø
ΰ׵˽⣬һΰɿˣλڿ϶ߡ
оԭ֮ĸѾɶЩǽ첻֪ô£ǲֱȹˡ
Ƴ˳˷䣬û˹˼ɾ͹ȥסΰ׵Ĵȡ
ΰױɧͫһ
뵽ﻹڳΰ׼æȥأ
ΰ׵ĴȲţܡ
ΰüͷǰҪˣ
仰ĹģһĨϲ
Ȼΰ׶ġ
óۣͷ˴롣
ϲ֮ʣΰ׼˶סβŻعżֳʵ㣬㡭
ȻûޣǱЦġ
ΰ⻰ṩ˼·
ţѾˣҲװȡͬˡ
ΰһ룬ʹᡣ
ϧݼûңڰҲֻǺۿ
ˣڵ³Ҳˡ
Ҫˣΰײ޴ް
ΰ׷ӦôɰǺڽװС
֪ôãӦڳܵʱֱӱΰ׿޲Ŷԡ
ƣΰһ֪
ֻ֪һһ׾ŵˣŪˣ
Ҫô尡ΰ׼ץץͷ
Ȼװ޵ͷȻ׷Ź
ͷװƽһ̧ͷΰ׸λãſ˵ţ֪Լǰܹ֣֪ˡ
¿ʼĻòã
֮ʲôⶼһõġ
ֻҪ֣߳ôҶԡ
ڴ֮ǰΰ״쵶ն顣
̬ŵôְͣѻ˵ϣΰûдǲܵġ
ҲûԼܹһС
ЩӣЩĮȫǱʶ
Ҫʱ򣬻ͻֳ
˼һ֮ΰײ֪ѡֻѡ񵱸ӱ
ڴע£ΰҧҧתͷ
ĩˣΰƱԼȵˣ˷·Ƶյģˡ
ǰεĽѵ׹̲ĵûбΰѡ
ȻõСļƻҪá
˶٣ʱһ£ΰ˵ɳϡ
ΰ˿ȴ˵Ǹ̫ãˡ
⻰ΰҲ÷Ƣ´ע㡣
˳ӵصͷʵﰵ
ˣǲעġ
ɣѹΰϣװӡ
ΰ׼״ֻԼƿ
ΪΰһӶû֮ˡ
ΰ׻ȥãҽҲҡ
ʱүӺȲ衣
һ߽ү²豭Сǹ氡
ףһǳЦŹźˡ
䣬Цӯӯصֹҹѽ
ÿɰӣүӱþһ𣬷·ԼҲ˲١
ٿԱһһҹү̲סпȢ֮˭Ǻø
˵뵽ΰףĹĵ˵ʱ乫˾Ҫˣ׷ΰƨɺܡ
үšü



107 ү͵Ŀθ 
ԣæסүȰôˣСʱ׶ûãú̸̸
ү룬ҷȷʵѾʱˡ
ȡñӳöԷѪҲû֡
ܹвӵģֻ˵λá
үѾˣҪȡջضԷ˵ݡ
һа˸ӣҲʵˡ
ûţʲôǡ
еӣΪ˸˷һС
ҩתͷֵ䣬ѾСѧˣô״һף
ԣͷ˼
Ƴװ׵ѵ⣺´βˡ
ڲԹɫⷽ棬ңǼװģԴίͰͻصŶ
չȥǵģŶء
⻰̧ͷȥ
Ƭ̣ûĺۼŷ
˵ôϲôΪС
ȷֻǼף˲ָ˵ΰ׵ĻǰʱŵĹسشȫ¹ʣΪΰǸ꾫Ӱӵ㴦飬ָȥӰӻ
ʱү岻ãҽԺһʱ䣬֪¡
֮үһɫǻ裬ѵΡ
˵Щүһΰס
үӵĹע⣬ȫˡ
Ҫ˵֮ǵү޽ûٻ
뵽伱æȵҪλΰϡ
粻ţô
ֲǲ֪ǰԴǳ渺𡣡
СЩˣүӲЦЦúúãΰ׵Ĵ
⻰һ
ĩˣ伱æתƻ⣬˵顣
ĵȻ죬Ҳûţȥ԰ɢ˲
ëë꣬ʲôдϵ䣬Ƹ
үӸϲ䣬ھ˭ңûж
̾˿£Сүϲõĺӣ㾡ôţס𣿡
ǣţֲǲ֪ҵԸ񡣡
ƷЩ꣬վү
֮⣬񵽺滹޷ϳүλãٷ˵ݣҪˡ
ԣɴŵЦݡ
Ļȴһ˿âİɣݣ˭ߡ
Цͺá
ص˳˶ֵ͸ظˡ
Ŀߺүȥ鷿ϹܼҹԸʮ㣬Ҫΰȫϡ
ϹܼӦǡȥΰˡ
ΰ׵ϲò顣
ţϹܼҷ˺ôһ򣬲Ų鵽ΰ׽г̡
ٶĶͲ鲻ˡ
үӷ˷ϣ˵绰֪ͨ飬ɾΰ׵Ϸݡ
Ҫ֪ʲôФġ
ʶȤͰɱˡ
Ϲܼҵͷת߳鷿ɻȥˡ
ʱδϵΰףֱ֪ˡ
ǰεСС֣οҪضˡ
ڶ죬ΰͬȥƬ
Ƭ˱鲻Ծΰȥһ䣺ʲô
Ƭԣüͷصһʲô
ΰһ±ƵͷҲŸƬָ֪ʲô
ƬҲǣ˵һϵ飬ǱңҰеϷɾ
˵ֻǵθˣ㲻ʶȤĻ´ξͲֻɾϷôˡ
СΣǵҵˣ
ûΰ׿ڣƬɻ԰ܲǡ
ΰҲ֪·ˡ
ΪǱ߷Żˣɾΰ׵ϷݣͿⲿӾ硣
£ƬֻΰȻؾƵϢ
һ½
·ϣΰԽԽ
ֻʵʵĸϷΪʲôôҪԣ
ΰץ֮£صƵֱ䡣
ʱںͼĸϻ顣
顱ı̲סüͷ
ǵһΰף˲任˾ϲı飬ôпչң
ƽʱƬ𣿡
ǲˣ
ʣΰ׷ǵûиоģһ
ǹʵ˭ˣ
ΰɫصˡ
оԣ̻صǰ˵鵽˽
⻰ֱӹصԣ»ΰӰ졣
ȷǱˣżʵʲô˼
ΰ˫ֱۣԹ˸λ£˼ҪɱҡǸƬ˴绰˵ǲҵϷȫɾҪⲿ硣
˵ΰ׺ߣ֪֪Ϊⲿ磬˶Ѫ
ף֪Ҷ
ΰ˿̲סⲽȻͰļ˹ܺã
֪Լΰ˵ʲô͸˵ʲôܺãһܺá
̬ôã뷢ΰףͻȻ֪ôˡ
ȻֻҪƬ˸ղ˵Ļ
˵ĲʶȤ˳ָ֮󣬻ͶԷò岻
ΰ׾ԩˡ
߹ܶΣ־ͲҪˡ
ֵܹ
ֿƲӡ
ǵģЩ˹ܲ
ѹ˼˵Ҫ
ΰҧҧ۲Ĳ˦˳ȥ
ʶ׷
תһ룬½ã׷ȥҲûá
ΰж࿴ԼĳɹǸܵ˵ġ
˼ȸƬ˴˵绰ҵùܣһ
ƬɵˣβŻعȷ
šһնصȷ
⻰Ƭɤ۵ģܷŻԭλˡ
ΪҪ绰Ƭ˵⣬Ͱͨ绰ҵˡ
ţͣ㲦ͨլĵ绰
ܿ죬Ǳ߽ʵүʲô𣿡
үүӵ绰
Ϲܼû뵽ô㶲Żصõġ
ʱǱߴүӵ˵£
װɵüģͷǷ꣬үүΪʲôҪΰ鷳
ү⻰kһ ȴװûԹ˵˱£գǵû
˵겻ڵĻᣬү߶߶˵
СҲʱÿԿȽϲĸ
˵ұȽϲһ㡣



108 ѵûһ᲻ 
üģүүҼǵû⡣
үԣ֪Ҫ˵Ͳưոݵ˼
һĸղźͰ׵̬ȣһ˵Ϊҳô׷ΰƨɺأ
˵겻ڵĻᣬүֵѵΰ׶ˣ
⻰ԥصǣҶˡ
үԭΪүүǰٻ˼ɡ
û뵽жȵȻֱӳ
ھȣүסΣŻع
뵽ԼڴĴӣȻᱻ鰮үŭͷҿǻͷˣϸһ
Щͷۣûհ죬ԹԵ죬һȥġ
үôû뵽ȻΪΰ
һʱ䣬үѪѹˡ
ϧûüڣһ䣺үү⻹£ȹˡ
һ룬绰Ҷϵ
үŵ绰־ŭ
Ȼҹ绰
عү𣬴ӵˣ
ϹܼҼ״æŽѹҩȰҽ˵״òҪ׶ŭ
ү˿ôʰ
Ϲܼҵͷͬ͵վ
⻰үˣҪǲҾͰջ
ȻүƺˣڵѲǵǸûл֮С
Ҫջ˵λã˵ˣЩɶӦ
үܱ֤λʱΪǴôֺ졣
үӰڹ˾Źƻж
µүӿܻԸԹҵ绰֪֮ͨĸӿүǱߵ˵ٶȡ
ȥ֮һȻԺ
Ǹΰ֮ҵ
үжԸ˳ƴŴְȻͶΰס
ԽԽ취޲үͰɨسš
ΰߣı֤ͱƬ˺ȥϷˡ
½һϷ½ɱࡣ
ΰ׽׼õĻݹȥЦдЩĽףصϲɱ
½һֱһ쿪ʵʦԸһӵ𣿡
ΰ׻ܣЩԥйڶǰɣ
̬½Щѹ
½̽һΰ׵뷨
սԿ½ЦʵʦôҴţ
ΰ׵ͷһصȻӦרעҵ
شúԥ½Ǿѹ
ֱӣѹľܾ
ΰ׻֪½ϲֶԷ֮ʣ˲Ʋѣ½ôˣ
½ҡҡͷ̲סЦû¡
ΰԣСֹɲûµӡ
һΰ̧۾̽ʵǲ
½סװɵһ䣺ʲô
ΰ׻Ҫʣ½֪ôش𣬸ɴʹݴ󷨣ȥ䡣
½˵꣬糯ȥ
Ķӵζ
ΰűֲֹʲôĶȥ仹
½͵ƬͿʰؼˡ
ǰ½Ǹӵ
ᣬȥΰףĲԱһʦ
ִӵΰײֺ棬Ϊʲôǵúұһ£
⣬½һûʵĴ𰸣ΪҺ͵ǶӵˣΨ㻹ûС
˵ϣΰҲþֻܾſ˫˵ɡ
½Цˡ
ΰЦĪе}ûš
˵ȣΰ׷½ûſ˼̲סƶԷߴٵ˰ɣ
½˵ԡΰ׵Ƣ
ڲſΰ׿϶ˡ
Ҫΰײⲻ̫Ѱ ҪӽԷˡ
뵽½ֻſʦȻص۶ˣɱˣԼ
ΰЦЦˬشӦðȥԼ
˼䣬ΰ׾ͱݺȥϷˡ
½վƬ˺þã뿪
ϣΰչصƵꡣ
ſڣΰ׸оԷڵ
ʵ֤ΰ׵Ԥû
ߵǰͼԷţҿҪˡ
ΰãʵΪʲô
̾˿ΪүүҸҶˡ
ĩˣֵţһʲôûˣ𣿡
ΰԣ˾ᡣ
ԥĻᣬּ˰ѻ𣬡ҶΪ㰡
ΰ̧۾ǵظ飬ԲΪ
ҪΰһģǱͲһˡ
ǰǣԺǡ
ȫԻȥҼ̳ˣûҪΪν
˶٣ǲ˼飬ΰףѵûһ᲻𣿡
ΰ״ŵ֮䱾Ǹ󡣡
ʹ˱ɡȰҲȰԼ
׷ܣҵүвҲ˵ˣҪջš
Ȼλ
֪Ƕõѡ񣬵еѹ
ΰ룬ʱƵ̫ߣѾϰ˶ԷĴڡ
ͻȻֿĻѹǺġ
˶и飬οء
סΰ̧۾ֱȰȥɡ
˿Ը
£˷䡣
ΰվȣĵػԼѡǷȷ
Ϊô࣬ӦøԷһģ
ϧ˵ȥĻͬóȥˮղˡ
ɣΰﰲοԼ
עǸ֮ҹ
ڶϣΰ׹ʹøڷš
ھþû˿ţΰ׾֪ʮа˾ǻȥˡ
ȥһ¥ΰ׾ǰ̨ʱ򱻺סһȡ
ΰͣ½Ųʲô𣿡
ǰ̨װĲͺеݹȥ֮ǰҰ͸㡣
ΰ㶣Щ㱣鷳ˡ
ӹͺУΰ˵Ļ˼ֻ⡣
תһ룬һ㣬Ͳġ
׷ܣȫ군
Ϊ˲Լ룬ΰ͡
ΰ˼ӵʱϲԼͲʱˡ
ԭΰڽļԼȫͶ뵽㵱С
ʲôģѡԺ
ɱ죬ΰ׺͵ǵ֮󣬻˵۶
հѼʰãȻ
һֻվһźɫȹŮ毺ãƤ𪣬üۼŽݡ
ΰײʶλС㣬ǲҴˣ



109 δ 
°ͣΰ׶԰ɣ
ΰ׵ͷԵġ
üһǾûˡ
ſڣвЩ䱸乴ǣǿͣҺȱ𣿡
ΰ׸о߲ƣŮǸҲʶ㡣
佾ҽһ¡
ҽ䡣
ϼŵǧҲδٷˡ
ΰſʵʲô£
价ܣȷȥ˵𣿡
ΰ׵Ļйж׵㣬ֲСмҿȹݣԹȥ䡣
ԣŰתݼ䡣
ΰԿףЬ˳ȥ
ȥСĿȹݣһȦĻ
㵥ʱֱӾܾˣҺȲ۵Ŀȡ
ԱЩΣ˵Щʲô
ΪԷֻһ깤ʻҪߣ϶Ǹ
ʱΰ׵Ų˵˵Ҫһŵ
ԱӦõġת߳䡣
ӼԱһߣȲڣҽ㣬ֻһ¡
ΰײ֪«ʲôҩ˳ʵʲô
Լϣʶ㣬Ҫٺ塣
ΰֱЦˣʲôʶ㣿
û俪ڣΰֵ鷳ǸңOK
䵱Ȼ֪׷ΰܡ
ָҪ󣬾ֻΰˡ
ǣΰ׵֪ݣȻҷ
üͷҪ㹴磬ô㲻š
ΰЦ̲סȥôû
ˣвΰףҪ
ΰԣ̲ס˸ۣ仰˶˵Ҷˣ
ĩˣΰױҪб£ͰܺˣҪҡ
㡪촽˶ָΰ˵
ʱơ
һ룬ԱſȽ
ƳˣǱȾҪΰȥﻹˣ
ΰ״ӽſʼһֱ䡣
𿧷һ̣ΰ׾֪ǳԼġ
ΰ׼æԱһ㣬ܿ˿ȡ
䣬ûΰף·ĿŪˡ
ôΰףҪɱ㣡
ΰ׼״ͳһٿǮݸԱһһ˵ˡ
Աһ±ƣܿͻعˡ
Ϊи̵ͣۡ
ԱᣬҪҪȥʱѾŶ
ʱΰܳȹ棬ûѡؼң
ΰţȻҵ϶ȥ
Ҫؼңƻϡ
뵽ղץӣΰ׸оͷۡ
У취ӡ
˼ȥΰ׾ý廹ϵˡ
ΰ˹һ⳵ȥʦȥá
⳵˾ϣϵðȫ
Ϊżΰûд֡
տʼΰ׵Ļᱻϳе㷲
˾ȫ̶·һûͷˡ
Լʮӣͣõڴ
ΰ׸Ǯƿȥ
ǵһ⣬Բİ
߽ȥԼЬ롣
ΰЩΣԥҪҪǰߣͱǰ̨סʵλ˭
⻰ΰʶص
ֱ֣ܲǰ̨ŵԤԼ𣿡
ΰҡҡͷʵûС
ǰ̨ǸܱҪԤԼС
ΰ֪ǰ̨ǰذ£Ҳûм֡
ߵ˵绰ȥ
ʱڿᡣ
Ŀú⣬ټ⼸鱾ͲãɢವϢ
߹ڻоԼҪɱˡ
ţⳡ̺ʱܽʱ򣬽ŲȻ
̧ͷȥֻ᰿첽߽
ˣЩ⣬ʲô£
ǵص˵绰
ԣ˵ֹ
ĩˣ߳ҡ
ǵԶȥӰ߹ǻཻһ
жһƬãȻ
ص칫ңֻΰ׵δӵ绰æȥ
Ǳһæ͵Ҹոڿᡣ
ΰסŶһʵп𣿡
ˡΰǰûȴͻȻ绰ϡ棬Ҫæ𣿡
ΰ״ǰɡ
ԣЩʧ
Ȼΰ׶ǡ²
תһ룬ΰԸУĶҪ
˳ʵʲô£
оڴΰѹѹñӣ¥£ɸңȥ˵
ھϲȥ
Ҷϵ绰æ칫ңܴȥ˵ݼ䡣
¥£ΰֻĵȴ
ӵݳ˳سʱЩ㱡
ΰ׺Ȼ뵽ϱ
ÿι֮ͻġ
ǹǳֻҪ֣ǻƨƨܹ

ΰ׸п֮ʣѾǰССһ䣺š
⻰һΰ˲عҺ
Щίҡ
ΰսԿļȥģ˶ࡣ
ԣѪΰ׽רݡ
ˡִﶥ㣬Ӧ
߳ݣںĵʹ£һ䣺㻹û˵ʲô¡
ΰü˵ºϢϢء
ס⼸춼ϰࡣ
֮⣬ûո飬Ҫԩ
Ȼ飬ȴζ˲Ÿ㡣
ΰͣ½ŲһСʱ֮ǰλŮʿҲδҵҼȥˡ
ʶ㣬Ҫ塣
ҽ㣬߳ŭˣҸҪ
ʲôҲҲ˽⣬鷳ܺüˣνδޣҪңOK
Щסΰ׼н͵ûδޡ
ΰʼ磬һν޹ء
оΰѹŻæǸûдãԲ𡣡
ĩˣֱ֤һʱ䣬һȥǸġ
ΰƲƲ죬ǸνֻҪҾС
˵ΰױȤתݼߣһȥˡ
ԣæקסΰ׸첲㲻𣿡
ΰŻ˵Ҳе壺ƾʲô㣿
͵вУ
ΰױ˵Сǵ۾СֺȻ˵ˡ
ʱݿŵ
ΰתͷȥһ׷ԲԵӰӳ



110 үӵв 
δı棬ΰܸоλ˼ҶĲϲ
˵Ļΰ׻Կ϶Էˡ
⣬ӦǴ˵еүӡ
ڲԷ⣬ΰ׼˼䡣
ΰţãȻˣӦûż
ʵ֤ΰԤзǳ׼ȷ
˫ûãүӾȲڣүүȥ
˵ϣþֻܾѹͷĲͷӦ롣
ΰҵ£һ˹ϵ󣬴ûߡ
˭룬תʹүӵΰǰɣ
ΰعͷһòЦݣʲô£
үԣ۾´˼飬ŲصҾ뿴ܰҴӹҵĶû˵ˣǺηʥ
ѹȸΰ˶㡣
ò˵ү־ĥˡ
ʱͺлˡ
ЩԷܶλ֮ǿʡ
үԴܻŵ
ΰ뵽ʶͶȥмĿ⡣
״ΪΰȣæڶԷǰ棬еүүΪ£Ҿûʲôĵˡ
̬ȳ׼ŭүӡ
үһݣײ˾ݵĺ棬ŭѾڲǡ
˭룬Ŷΰ˵˾涼㲻ϵĻȻٴС
ΪΰףҪүү
үѾܶûвˡ
Եеľ棬ָŶԷϣˣ
Դӽֻ˵ķݡ
үôӣҲˡ
ƳΰӵתڳԹϵӣŲ䣬ηһ䣺ʮһˣôڷ⽨ʱ
˵겻үӿڵĻᣬֲһͬԻѾͨˡ
֮⣬үб¾ȥѷˡ
Ȼүû
үᵽк壬ӵۺȵڳˣӲˣ
⻰ü֪ͺá
ΰ׶һԳԹϣүǳɫ˵島˳½ǣǵȰԷ˵ˣһ⣬ȥ಻á
ԣץסΰ׵СЦƤ
Ѿ⽵үʵ̫仰һֲ
ԣΰñǿ׶ڴŴ
үĿڣŭʵôرҵģ
ЦνĴ󣬾ǰӸķ˲Ż䣿
Ǻõִ۶Դȥ¹ϴ
ְ꣬ͼܲλϵ˻ɶ壿
Ѳǵûл֮ĺӡ
үõ°ǳ˵Ρ
Щүɵˡ
˵治֪⺢ӶԹ֮ء
о̬ҪԼƿأүͼƽԷȶס
Ե
ҳǼ̳ˣүүȻϸЩ
嵱ܲãǸᰡ
㵱ž˭֪˻⣬ֵɶȥˡ
үүһжΪð
ٲ֮ʱҡ
ǾЩĥѾүӵƫĿ
Ծүӽ˵Ҳһ֡
ֻ֣һ쳣һЦ
үЦͰ˲ѡ
װȥˣүԻָǰӣɫ㲻ҵ˼ȥŵܲþͲõ
ԣﲻûеЦ
Źĵʮ꣬ƹŵĵڰꡣ
үӲΪЩֻھҵҵΪҴ򹤣ûзչԼɡ
ʵϣȥѾ֮ĹɶȫԼӪ
ү˾Ӷ߾ˣ˶ˡ
ס˼ֱүү⻹ҪæͲˡ
£ͽĳԹϵΰˡ
⻰һүŹȺҪٿɶᣡ
ͷҲأһǰһ˵
ȥ칫ңѸţүӴΰ׵Ķ硣
ΰ̲סʵ棬°
ɫصģǧ꣬ˡ
ΰ룬Ͳı𣿡
Ȼʵһ㶼£סΰ׼ǿһ䣺Ҹ»ס㡣
𰸶ΰ׶ԣ·һѴĴӣʱ佨ǽֱ顣
ڴ֮ǰΰѾ¶ģδ޵飬Ͳٺκǣ
û뵽Ϊϧһ
Ķⳤģΰ׸޶ԡ
ϱЩ£ֺԼصޡ
£ΰײᡣ
״סΰ׼ϷȴʵıţҲʧȥܲõݣһеˣ𣿡
Ϊ˹ΰ׵ͬģ̵ʹۣһС
ΰ״δ˴ģһӾ
ʹģӦûȥҿ㡣
õҪĴ𰸣вŷϲĹ⡣
Ļᱻΰ׷֣æתͷ𴦡
ţÿ˵֪㲻ϲңǿ
ΰ׼æصǿһ㶼ǿ
ѹеϲãعͷֱΰʵģ
ΰСƵĵͷ黹档
ˣ˳ƱסǰˣǸжţá
šƺΰʶȥ
뵽ĵʱֻԷȥˡ
һߣүӻصңϣݺݵˣ
Ƽæӭȥһ߰Ŀ˳һʵʲôˣ
үӻ˻Լ˵˳
꣬˵ò㻶
ӵĻˣ
֪үӲϲֻѹеϲװżȰͻС㲻Ҫƽϡ
үԣ͵һӣʮˣС
ƿڣүԹԵܿ϶ˡ
ʱúѡһ顣
Ը⣬ҾͿɶᣬ
ҵҪûܲݣܿȥ
̲֮ס͵һѵҲá
ү֣пĺӱȽ϶¡
ЦЦûٽӻ
֪䣬Ȼ



111 ˷ϲ¾ˬ 
죬УȻһ
ֻүӴģЩƶԷҪʲô۶ӡ
ѹ±˳ѵķ꣬üͷ绰ʵүү𣿡
գҴһ磬˹үӵȫ̸߸ϣ˿ûεθС
𣿡Щͷ
үˣһʵʲô̬ȣ
룬ү˼̬Σ˳ûҪˡ
뵽Ҫ˺νڶңֱӸԷ֣ˡ
˵겻үӿڵĻᣬ̹Ҷϵ绰
˯үҲù
Լλүү˽⣬Է϶ᱻΪô󶯸λ
ԤĲүŵ绰Ҷϵ֮˺üӣͬʱݺϣ
ϹܼҼ״æȥȰʲô
оүúܣϹֵܼôʰС
үҲǣŭһƽϢˣ˵ĺе
б£ҲӲġ
ȻүӸ֪ĵطѱ޷ƿصˡ
Ǻ޲ʱլﰲ˶ӡ
ڣһɨӶ͵꣬˸û˵Ľ䣬Щһֲ䷢ϼ
ǰ󲻹ӵʱ䣬үӺϹܼ˵ÿһ֣ȫ
ЩݣѾ³үӻʲô취ʰ
ǶüҷСʱñӳѪ
Ƿȥùһһҹκ˸ˮʳ
ٲȻ˵ٿɶᣬ߳š
ϧЩ취ڵ˵Ѿûһǹõˡ
ǻ۾½硣
˵룬ӵٻ£תѡ
ĵһ£ƿ´ϴֻϵΰס
ǵλȽϴûֱӸԷ绰ֻ̽ԷϢȥ
ʱϴΰף̨ĸꡣ
ΰ׻û˯ֲôһֱš
΢ʾ֮ΰײ鲻Ը۾̽ȥͷϵֻ
ùһġ
ΰ״˯ֵ£ɴ˸绰ȥ
ܿ죬Ǳ߾ͽʵѵô磿
ΰ۾ߺص类̫ɹѵġ
ĩˣΰֵôҷϢ
˶٣ſңǻүүҴ绰ȥμӶ硣
Ϲܼһȥôʰҡ
⣬˽磬ҾҪΪһеˡ
ΰסƬ̣οôۣ˵׼ûô⡣
̾˿ܻеĸ⡣
ΰ׳ɵɡ
ΰײ̫ţصģ㲻˽үү
Ҵ˵һ
ˣᱻ
Ϊ˸Լ˵ʼӣʮʱ֧иý㲻ϰ˵ȥͱ޳ҡ
ΰ׾ˣүүǷ⽨ࣿרƶõ̶ֳȡ
ǣһζʮЦȷʵҵ죬˵
⻰ΰ
Ȼ˽ⲻֻ࣬ƬУԷûг֮ǰʲôӡ
ΰ׺ȻЩң㹻ᶨ˵ʲôû
ûл˽Ϊ֪һˡ
Ҫ֪ڴ֮ǰһֱΪԷǸŽ׳ܼ谮Ĵү
û뵽ȻǸڷС
ΰԽԽۣڣ㲻ⷿСͰɡ
ԭţἰ±ȽȻԵԼ⡣
ûᣬΰ׾Ȼŵˣ
Ҹ̫ͻȻֱ
عΪΰ׺ڣװʵģ
̽ΰǺǺЦԭôûã
ԣæ͵ֻȷһ¡
ΰ״˸Ƿ۽Ƕˮ
Ц˯ɣҲҪȥϴˡ
ΰסšһͰѵ绰ˡ
˸˯Ĵ£˯˹ȥ
ˣν˷ϲ¾ˬϴȫ̶Цŵġ
¥Ц档
Ӷ˼״һ
ï}ˣȻͶЦ
໥񣬽ԴӶԷжãȻš
ûоô£ȥ˾ˡ
˹˾ǰ̨üۼЦ⣬Ͷϲϡ
Աˡ
иʵϰ϶ˡ
쵼״æȥæϣǵˡ
ȻӶҪżû˼ȥע仯
ȥ칫ңͬһ㷭г̰š
뵽ҪլǱߣܻܲع˾һߵ绰ᰣǸŵ롣
ӦáʣܣҪ𣿡
룬ʱá
ᰵͷת߳칫ҡ
תۼ䣬ŵȻ
ȥң߹ȫƵţʶһ䣺ôˣ
ʮ߹Ĭʮѡ˳Ĭ
ǵСû˸ȥײǹڡ
ϸгݶռȵˣ㱨϶
ʱ˭վ͵ȳеŭ
˭뵱ͷ񡱡
Լ꣬Ȼûһ˻ػ԰̵гܼ࣬Ȼû˻شǾ⣬Ի㱨ˡ
ϻɵˡ
ôƣ
Էŭĳϻض˶
վʱϻˡ
ۼֿһӣȻԼվסˤĽų졣
ע⵽ˣŹ뷨һ䣺岻
ϻ岻ٰͺƤе㡣
ԣŻ㱨ɡ
ϣϻ˼ӲͷƤʼ㱨
ϻԤ뷨϶Ҫɡ
˭룬βûкЦŹŬһ㡣
²ֹϻɵˣ߹ҲˢˢԵ쳣
鱾ͺܺã⸱ӵЦ
ǰҪϣܿͰЦеЦȴôղȥ
սԿӣ
߹ǻعĵػ㱨˹
ᣬʱˡ
ص칫Ұźùǰլ
ʱѾڵȥ



112 ⱲӲٿ 
ԼСʱͣլǰ
ƿţ׼ȥͼԺܳ˳ǰ磬·ǲǺܶ£
кεҰģ̲סüͷ
ԴүӽҪٿɶỻʼһֱڰв֡
ںЩȥûʱȥˡ
ԼȻŹᡣ
̧۾ޱʵΪʲôȥΰף
⻰ϵЦݶʱס
ûʱ䣬ƿһߵĳȥ
ֵ֮Ҫж
ţҪ棬Ӧ֪Ѷˡ
Ȼ޽ҵٷѾöˣôܾ
Ͱ׷ȥ
ܣûʲôڣû˹˼ɣȥĸ첲
û½ǣԷһ͸㿪ˡ
ͣɲסˤ˸ʺ
ȫԹۣȫûȥ˼
ɨ˼ۣתǰߡ
û˻
״Ϊģԭȵȫûˡ
˭룬̧첲һ룬Ȼһ㿪ˡ
ɵˡ
飬оķúܣ̳ԾҪԼϷҪȥΰףҲȥүү̸һ̸
عǷ飬үүѾͬ˰
Ц˵ȥ飬ǲȢġ
ƼĴ㵣˵㡣
ȶԷڣʹǰ
Σ
ǵʧ߷ΧӰ˶š
òУջǸ˹ȥ
ЩҵⲻүүΪܹȡ㹻ԴѾ˺üýȥͷ
ҪùƯүϲ˿ҲЩýһ
ǰЩӣһýͷܻؼҡ
ǵãԷȫϵӡǣÿ춼ڱŰ
Ǹýүү
үүϴӦˣʵȴ˺
Ŀ֮£ýֱӱקͷӲϳҡ
䲻ӣζü޽ҡ
صүӷϥƤˣǹʵ䣬ϥô£
ǿЦݣ·ϲСˤġ
үԣתͷһ²ؼӵôȵ䣿
ƳϥǻѪүЩΪӭ㣬Сʱһ㶼ж𣿡
ȥֲȵġŻҪҸжΡ
үԭΪֻ˽
û뵽СӾȻһӵ淴Ļ
үӸоԼܵƣֶ˼֡
׼˵ʱƽ豭ݹȥЦӯӯسԲŵ϶òУͱͺһʶˡ
үӿѹͷĻ˵ڽյķϣһء
ĩˣүֵѾˣϽȥк
ԣͻȻоû˼
Ѵͳһ߰һʵһΪ˶磿
үӷ²豭Ȼǡ
μһȷδѡ
ҿųĺӣ涼Ƿǳõġ
⣬ͰԵѡһɡ
ᶨѾϲˣⱲӲٿˡ
үԣ͵һӣΰеģϲ̨Ϸӣ
ƣү˵е
⻰үϵˡ
Ϊŭ˲ͷŷүһ˵ֻ
Ƽ״æҳЧ¡
үӻ˻ָʵǵúҶŸǰɣ
ˡǣ浽ϣⱲӣҽ֤żϣֻҪΰ֡
ãǺõúܡүһǳɫ
лл佱ηӦ
㣡үָ˶浱û취ǰɣ
ү˵꣬Ϲܼң֪ͨȥʮ㣬Ҫٿɶᡣ
ϹܼӦǡ뽫Ϣݳȥͼ˵뻻ңǾͲظʦˣҾȥݽǳʡ
˲ĿУֵһҪȥӹˡ
үô벻ôɴࡣ
ӡУŶ˵൱Ҫġ
սֵʱѶԷ϶λãСӾ͸ҪƵġ
ô׾óˣп϶թ
үӳ˼֮ʣѾ߳
״˲ϥϵ˿ڣһȳһ׷˳ȥ
ͬʱں磬ȵң
⻰ߵøˡ
׷κ˵߲
һܶϡ
ֻվ뿪߷Χ
լᰴ˸绰ڹ˾ʱ䣬ΰŹ
˹ϵ£ֱΰס
·ƷѾ֪ͨӶ͹ȥˡ
ΪլΰȽԶԶȵˡ
ˡ

ţֻӶŴСվ⡣
ΰʵǣ
ӶˣЩ͹Ķ
ΰǰѼĶȫ𣿡
ӶˣûУЩʮ֮һ
ΰԣ죺̫Сˡ
ĩˣΰֵȰѶɡ
ȵȫȥΰ̽ͷȥûֻصʵ˵ʲôʱ𣿡
Ӷҡҡͷû˵֪ͨǰᶫǻѾڹ·ϡ
ΰլľ룬оˡ
ƳӶ۵ͷ󺹣ΰ״򿪱˼ƿˮһ˵һƿȥȵˮɡ
Ӷлƿˮˡ
ûãٴ
ΰ״ȥèһվŵĹȻ
뵽סζűүɨسţΰ׼æʵ㻹𣿡
õúܣΰǰȡͬ飬װܲõӡ
ΰ׵ע£ʲôû˵ֻĬĬסԷ
ΰ׼״оˡ
ô緢ˣھȻ˵ˡ
ΰżһ䣺үϳˣ
ͷҸϳңҸϳš
в˵ֵôѿԼύǳʡ
ڹ·ϣѾѴǳύȥˡ
ڿʼҲܲãҲҵĴү㲻Ұɣ
˵˼Сڴ



113 Լ 
ΰԣ͸˵ƿƵģζӳ¡
ߴô֤꣬˶Էνŵİͼһ
˶˼˵һҲи
ڱȴǵܲõλã϶ܴ
뵽ΰڶԷϵĿ˼
ǰ£侲ˡ
ΰ룬عںãԸ⡣
ΪʲôԸ⣬ΰԼ˵
ȻʱΪ飬˵ȫûдǲܵġ
£ΰʵڲ֪δ֮Ĺϵˡ
ڴĿУΰ׺ǻصס£Ժ˵
⻰Щʧ
ԭΪԼ˵ôңΰ׿϶
˭룬ΰ׾Ȼôĺݡ
˵ˣΰ׻ǲϸһȷ̬ȡ
ΪˣֻܰοԼѾסΰ׼ˣû׷
ΰ׼ûоһ
ʾΰһָſͷķһ˵СֻһԺһԣûˡ
ĩˣΰֵƽʱдɨͷֻҪѶþС
ΰǰߣŷԵ˲ˡ
ͷһֻվſڣɢĹ⡣
ΰײʾ֪Щʲô
ȥסĶ侯Ҫס͸ʵʵġ
װɵһֱʵ
ΰü㶢Ը
㳶˸ɣҾǵĲá
ΰ׷˸ۣ˳Ķ䣬ΪҲ֪ǵС˼
ǰš
ǼʶŻᣬͺ޲ðԸĨӣǾԲˡ
Ϊ˶ģΰ׾бҪ˵һЩ顣
ȻҪסԼ¿϶ٲ˵ġ
һڼĴơ
ڶϲҪȥҷ䡣
ֶš
ΰһ˵꣬˿ּ𣿡
룬ָʲô
ΰ׵ͷ԰Ҳ˼
⻰
ùӣΧһԡ˰ɡ
֮ǰڳϵʱΰ׶ĸֱ֡
ɴ˿ɼȫɫ/ջԷ
Ǹ棬̲סʵҶֶô죿
ΰ붼ûͷϵܣ
Цȷ᣿
ΰͷȷһԼ϶
°ëˣһת˵£ʲôʱһ飿
תô죬ΰе㷴Ӧ
סƬ̣Żصʱ仹ûгµס
΢΢ףȻʼëԼû˹ȥ㵱
ΰ⻰õɴ˫ۣˣ
˵겻ڣΰֵҿɸĹʡ
ûоܾоϷԲʡ
ΰͼʲô
Ȼͼˡ

仰Ҳֻ롣
ϣǸΰһɣȥϷԼڼ̫ˣ㵱ÿԴʱ䣬ɢɢġ
ΰҲǡ
û˹ڼ˵˶ûС
ҵӣ͹ˡ
Դڼ㲻ûˡ
ɲʲôĹ֮ӣ
ΰײȷоݹȱ㡣
ҲǴԱϲദǰܻһԿ
ݷ棬ɵĻӣ˵˾ͺͱķࡣ
صǣ˯ñȹñȼ硣
ĩˣΰʵȷҪҵ
ͬصȷ
ִţΰֻȥˣаɡ
լǱߣݽǳʲãүӾյϢ
ûпǳ֮ǰүһֱöԷơ
û뵽Ȼġ
˸ɴˣүӶãˡ
״æչʵ֣ǲǿԽܲõλˣ
үӻعϲ֮ԱĶӣǺǺЦ˵һ䣺ôȲ
үе㲻ˣƼæ˵̫ˣԼҵ
ͷЦ͵ԶԶԣҾǾ̫ˡ
үӵҲûйΪ˼ʹӦˣȥٿɶᣬ͵͸ˡ
⻰һƶһۣԴӶԷж˿ϲ
ǾöΡ
䡣
ǰ׷ƨɺܣΪ˼޸Է档
ûãʹܲãһͷһöӡ
֮ǰŬʲô
Ц
ˡ
ԴүӲЩģ䣬ôˣ
̧͸ίãȻ֮ǰ˵ңҼ޽ҵٷˣûˣ⻰𣿡
үԣֱֲûˣġ
䣬үתͷӣǼϴ϶û䣬翼һ䣿
ү飬ʵ̫Ը⡣
ԭж
һӽݣݲ˵ġ
ʱδ޵ԾӣӦûš
֮£Ҫʶˡ
үϲ䣬御ѻ˵ί˵㣬֣Ҷǵ˽⣬Ӧûϲ񡣡
鱻ܾˣүе㲻ˣ˵˵ﲻã
СֹĶãһ΢ܿ
үʹˣеû˵ʲô
䲻һǾ仰һֲĶ
Ҫǹ˼ŶԷǳȥˡ
˿˵үүȻ岻Ը⣬Ǿͱǿˡ
ۿˣүӼֱۻˣ䰡û϶ҵģˣүүһʵĳ
û俪ڣүӵϵЩ˷׷ױ̬
ˣѾкʵĶϱѡ
ô˵ֱˡ
үЩΣֻýĿͶӣܲõλû벻Ҫˣ
ᵽ˼òòϴԣ˰ɡ
үˡ
ȴûһġ
Ҫǵү䶼ֱӻؼˡ
գүǰţٿɶᡣ
İв£ɶǶܲ½ܵ൱졣
үӺ嶼Ϊ϶ƽ̫ϿˣŻùɶǶĻԹʧܡ
ⲻ֪ⶼİŰˡ
ʱΪʧޱȵڳѧϰ͡
̽ҵˣڶʳһĪչ
ֻĲףǶ٣



114 ը 
ûʵ֮ǰΪܼ򵥡
ǵŷкܶڵ
ȴʳľǸ⡣
ʳϵ֮֪÷Ŷٵϡ
£Ȼرڣϴθΰ㣬Էܾûټѧϰ
߳һǽϵʯӢӡ
˵ˡ
ٲϽΰ׾Ҫˡ
صҲû˼ȥЩˣŵȫ̶о
ǵֻһ࣬δ̫ڼ򵥣ġ
򿪱ɨӼۣȡ˼
ˮ̫򵥣еò֣΢һѶȡ
˷ʳףᣬѡΟh
¹ȡһɰκͼϴ
ţ׼ˣֻҪȴ켴ɡ
뷨ͻصˡ
˭룬ûӣըѵ
顪
еΰֱӱѡ
ΰΪﱬըˣ۾ܡ
ΰŵӶζﲻɻ
ҸӦû˵γ
ѭζΰ
ǽϡ컨϶մȾ˼Һΰ׶ʱǰһڣ
ٿæҵعص֮󣬷·µСվһԡ
ΰ˿ָűòӵĳʵʲô
оΰˣЩίֻͣ˭֪ϵʳôס
Ҷǰ̳ģǸԼըˡ
ԲҸ鷳ˡ
ΰ֪ͣ˵Щʲô
ȷʵһ⣬ҳ㱻Ҳʵ
Ҫص㣬㲻û鷳Ա
ʱѣǹˡ
Ϊ˱бҪ׶ɱ³ġ
սԿΰɫڣ´αˡ
ΪԼ⼸䣬ΰ׵Ŀ֮£ˡ
ΰջߣʰǽĳ
ʼٸߣҲһԸʰ
ٴŭΰףһְֱҴ
ʰ˵Ϻǽϣΰ۵Ѿֱˡ
ΰ̧ͷ컨ϵļҺ̲ס󺰣Ժٽ㣡
֪Բ𡣡
ĩˣԴԷĲˡ
ò˵ӻǺɱġ
ΰûղôˡ
ΰ׵Լ̬̫죬סεĽѵ͹˵ס
סԲˬôʧЧˡ
ΰǲбĹˣ
ҪҪòʱΰ׺Ȼһ䣺οںĵķϣ㽻ݰ˰ֵļˡ
´ΣҿɲʲôԭֱӰȥɡ
ҪΪͿɻء
ʵϣ´ҵĳˣǵüԷ
ΰ˵Ϊ
Ȼˡ
ΰ׵ע£æ֤ţҲˣߡ
³ȡΰ׵Ļġ
Ϊϳȥǲͱĩ
뵽ٴα̬ȣԺʲôҴȥԡ
ΰü㲻ǷϢ˵Ʋﶳˣ
ʶԼˣæȵʶѡ
ΰ˼ص˵ͷ
û쳣֮ڻعˣԽԽ֡
ӡǸ
үںм֮
ΰĦ°ͣ˳˼
ע⵽оԼ¶ڵķա
æΰ׵˼·ٲ컨ϵļҺҪˡ
⻰һΰ˲عŶ
ȥ̨˷ݻΰ״ȥɾ컨塣
״æ
ΰƳһԵˣ˰ɣôֻˤҿɽӲס
Ҳǣûټ֡
ΰȥ֮š
֮⣬ʱעΰ׵Ķ᲻Сˤ
ÿΰ̽ӣĶɤۣŵ١
òΰ۵ùǺŵùǺ
ΰʱֱסӷϾٱ
·ͻȻΰ׸Ӧ
عѾ
ԼԵķƶΰΪԷҪ£Ͼ׼ʱ򣬼æˣźԼ£ҪΥ棿
ˣЦýͣط˯
ΰ׷˰ۣ⻰˵Լ𣿡
һЦԼ˵ĵȻš
ΰ׷ˣѹֱ˵ҪƤɣ˲Ҫ޵С
ΰԴŵСΪںҡ
Ƭ̣ΰ׸оЩڣ㽫Ų㡣
߽֮ѻ˷ڴϣȻ˼ֻ˼
ǵΰױøˣ͸ҪԷ
ΰ׾Ŀ⣬ɤӵұ˺ڹҪҲʲôǶԲ㣿
ΰԣõɴ˫ۣ㣬ҪҪԼ¡
ʸڷϣҿûô˵Լô롣
ΰ׸оæƵ㻹벻סȥˣ
⻰һֻձ˵롣
ܿƣΰװһ
ţΪԼȫΰȻһ˯ģ㻹Ͻȥ
Цˡ
СûĵģͶ
⻰ֻ롣
ҪǷŵΰָըë
úúãҲˣСڡ
ߵ棬ڲ輸ϵ᰷ֻϢȥݲ͹
ûã
Щơ
ᰶĲͣô͹ˣ
ܾ֣ǹȥš
ֻվŵĲͲԱլ׷ŵ䡣
˵ֱǹƤҩĴڡ
һճϣ˺˺ˡ
ᷳýȻҲʲôɫ£
ͷЦӯӯ磬ȥĿȹ˵ɣﲻ̫㡣
붼û;ܾˣûҪ
⻰ϵЦһ˼ŻָҾֱ˵ˡ
ΪΰףС
Ͼ߰ʮƽСͲί𣿡
Ըҽ飬ҿ԰ȥүү飬»صҡ
˵ܰܲõλûٲûôǡ
úÿһ°ɣ硣
ţ˸߸ϵ϶ܲֻû˸ݸ̨ס
ˣԷ϶Ӧġ
Ȼûȵ̬ΰ׵Ȳˡ
λһ



115 佱 
ʶعͷ
ֻΰſЦЦ
Ŀԣо̴չȥͣԼġ
ΰü
ԣ˵ǵΰײˣȻصûʲô
ΰƵᣬʵǸۺСĴ̳ӡ
ҪöԷ֪Ҫ飬֪ʲô
ãܿͷûסˡ
Ļᱻɨسţ䣺˵Ǽ£ǲӦġǣݹҶ㲻
ǰ˵꣬϶ᱻܡ
һ
Ѿܲãƾʲôв
뷨°ͣüۼǽ֮ɫһ䣬ڶѱˡ
ΰڳ˵ֻ̫ζصлѡ
ԭΪѻ˵ϣ
˭룬ͷȻôӲ
Լɥ֮Ȯˣ̬Ȼһš
񾯸棬Ѹղŵ˵˳
ҽ飬ҿ㡣
㲻Ǻôˣﰵвҡ
ûңʲôǣ
ţƣΰϣݺ꾫
ΰԣЦλС㣬˼
ŭĿԲ
ĩˣֵҪ㣬Ҳᱻš
ûΰм֣ٷλ֮
һһҳܾ
ȥǺ岻ĴӴš
Էʮ֮һ˵
ԽԽģ̼Է㲻ֵطһӰɣ
Ȼ̽˵ǵС˼
֮⣬Լס
Ե̳ս
ı󶯣
ûзһܸɴӦҾܺá
Ϊǿ˵ⲹʾ⡣
ΰԣ̲ס˸ۣ˵ע㣬˭š
ƤصȻ㡣
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼ
˵ӣ̼۾ˡ
ڴ֮ǰ𰸣Ψû
֪Ǹб׷ˡ
ŻƶԷԸⱻ
û뵽ȻǸԣ
üֱ໰
˿ѹ²ӿŭ𣬽ìͷ׼ΰףҪΪ룬ӦȰؼңǰװ׵
ΰˣС㣬סߵ𣿡
俪ڵĻᣬΰװյ˵֪ܲµҪϷҪȥҵ̫ճˡ
ӶҪɳˣ㡪
ʲô㣿ΰ˸˵ͱ˵ˣʡᷳԡ
Ըʶ䣡Ъ˹ŭ
ǷԸʶ䣬ԼҪġΪ⡣
˵ǣһ߶һ߷źݻԻΪľڣ
£䴧ŭˡ
ΪЩ룬տʼʱŲöԷ׷
ȥֻ˹ŵ
û׷
䳹ɵˡ
ڣһţ̲ΰףţҸղűֵúðɣ
ΰ״ŴԼ첲Щգ⶯ͱ˵ϰʲôʱܸģ
ûеõҪı˵ˣЩίΪʲôҪģ
ΰصҪҰһԼµ𣿡
⻰
ΪסǩɥȨԼ
£ûа취ֻɿˡ
ΰתԴ·һѵĴ󹷣ǺǺЦһû˵ʲôأί𣿡
̧۾Ϊ㣬Ҿܾôջ㶼ҡ
ΰ׷ˣУ㡣
ԣ۾˲ڴ
Ȼ˺һΰ׶ûпڡ
֡
ΰײ˵Ҫ
ôãˣɣ
뵽۾Ŀƶΰס
ע£ΰЩڣʶһ䣺
Цˣ㻹˼Ҹ
ĩˣί˵Ҫ𣿡
ΰҿ˰
о⣬ΰֻӽͣղ˵ˣ㡣
׹ΰ׵˼Цõţ㻹ٷһ𣿡
ΰ֪ûټ⡣
ʱˡ
ȥţͲԱ
Թͣΰȥ鷿ж˼籾
Ҫϴ£ΰһ÷
ھᣬҪĽ֧Է
˭룬Ҫڡ
˸æģʱ൱Ѹ١
ٽ磬鷿ļžһơ
ΰ׷¾籾ֻ
ֻĻмʾ½֡
סƬ̣ΰ׽ʵʲô°
½ԣװĵ˵ʦǹ˶£ǶԼõķ
˵ΰЩ顣
½ȷʵԼ¡
ΰͷѹµûֻ⼸̫æˣûʱϵ㡣
½ûнҴǾղײգô
ΰ룬ûʲôţʹӦˣԡ
˳½е㲻ţʦ㲻ҵİɣ
ΰ׼æȻǡ
õ֤½˵Ĳˣʲô
ΰײʳеѡ֢ͽѡѡ½㶨ɡ
½Цõģ֤񡣡
Ϊ籾һû꣬ΰ׿ﲻϲܣ˵Լ¾Ͱѵ绰ˡ
ͬյ˵绰
ͬǣ绰͹ɶ
۹ڵĵزĿ˹ؼڵ㣬ƫƫ֮Ϊ͹ץһĿ˵Ҫ
оĿ
˵Ŀƣ׷źš
ǹɶǡ
ڲô㣬Լ飬ǲܡ
ôĿ£ǿǹϵ׷ֺġ
Ե֪ҪµϢһȫȹϵϣת
Ƿû취ΰ׳Թ緹͵ÿȥˡ
Ҫţΰ׳ںһ䣺Ҫȥ
˶٣óѱõ˵ǣǳٺҹȥͶʷϲŻ
ΰײȥɡ
ȥˣʡ½ȥԷ÷Ѿ˼ҽڡ
Ŀ˼ţΰȥ鷿˴Сʱľ籾ͻط˯ȥˡ
ΰӵٻ£۾
΢ʰһ£ʹñӺͿֳˡ
ȥΰ׼ȥ½˺ɩӣô⣿
ΰתͷֺǺǳ٣һĨȣҺԷأ



116 ǽŵ 
ǳͷҲǺԷ
ΰԣĳ˵Ļʶʵ
硣оΰƺ쳣ƶǳﲻһĨãȻ
ΰɵˡ
֮ǰ˵ȥҺǳٵ
ʱ˻⽻˵ҪϲŻؼҡ
ԶĬΪԷҪͺǳһ
뵽ΰסȣװ̽Ǻܾûˣôûкһ𣿡
ǳٲ֪թʵʵ˵Һ˰ͺˡ
ΰȻȴڳɻı飬ûӦ
ǳٵͷ˵Ҫæ
̽ΰѾԿ϶
˽⣬صôʵƲС¡
ǴӺǳٵķӦԷҲ֪
ȥҲײʲôϢ
ΰ׾ʱͶԷˣѻڵңˡ
ǳټ״æסΰףɩӣĸһԷأ
ΰüƤ߻ȥ
ǳЦЦⲻʶѡ
⻰ΰЦʱ뽻ѡ
̫ϧˡΰ׵Ŀܣǳپûټ֡
ټΰףǰ
ǳתǵӰԶȥ˸绰
ʱոսĸСʱĻ飬׼
Ƴǳٴĵ绰ΪԷҪԼȥ棬ûŽ
ӣ˵ˮɤӣŲ£
ĲΪ⣬ǳֻɩӺͱ˳Է֪𣿡
˶٣ϵĵȻ˲ʧ˭
ˣǳˣЦüģ£
ԣ̫Ѩͻͻֱҧгݵӹ̫ˡ
ǳսԿ磬𼱰
ҲҲͷϾҪˣ
ҪСҪ־͹ϲΰ׵ʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ㣬϶ǽš
½ǸСүҪΣ
뵽æʵǲ½
ǳӣЩλصɩû˵
˶٣ʲô˼
ǳٴ˼ɩû˵˭
𰸷ǵûɿĻˡ
֪ô£ܾýΰ׳Էˣʮа˾½
Ϊ֤²Ƿ׼ȷҶŵ㣬ǲ½
ǳԣʶԣҲʶҲϰ壬ҸԱȥ̽
̾˿лˡ
뵽ΰںп½ŷ͸̳Ƶģ¶ð
֪ͰѽĻֳ쿪ˡ
ںˣȥгԷ
һ˹⣬ǳ
ͨ绰ĹΰҲߵ˰ᡣ
ƿţΰЦݣŲ˼ǲǵȺܾˣ
½ӭӣǺЦûкܾá
ΰ˿Ǿͺá
֮½Ա˵ΰףȵ㡣
ΰҲûù˵
ΪһԹ½Ŀζ˽⡣
ݱ˴˿ζ˼ˣѲ˵ݸ½㿴ʲôҪġ
½ԼϲĲˣΰѾȫˣЩж
ΰ׶ȫ⣬ֻǰұֳ
ȻӦ¸һŶԡ
뷨½ɤӵʦпҸ𣿡
ΰɻ󣬡ö˶˵ôȻ˵
½Цⲻû滮
ΰ׵ͷһصٽ겻ǡ
⻰½ϵЦݽסΪʲô
ΰϴȻҵڣ̸Ӱǰ;
½Щʧǲģֲߵ·ߣ̸Ҳ̫Ӱ졣
ΰҡҡͷ˵ҲǺͬ
ûд̸˿϶ûҵġ
һҵۻܹġ
ҺȰݹ빼˿ҵϲ
½ңԼղֱֻ̽ӱס
ٷҪжȹ
ͷΰ׾Щ֣ôˣ
½ع˸ȥûôǾұҪˡ
ΰգգۣΪʲô
½ЦдΣķ˿̫ˡ
ΰ׹ǣҵҲŶԡ
Уʱ÷ɿ졣
ʮӹȥԱŲˣ½½߽ᡣ
одġ
ִɫµ˺ϰѸƬһģһԱһ˳ȥ㱨
ǳٵ֪Ϣͣϵ
Ǳ߸սǳ˵ϲ¶ˣɩӳԷˣ½Сү
ԤУûжپȵĸоȻ
ӦǳЩ⣬ǣ㶼ż𣿡
üģżʲôãѾˡ
ǳɵˡ
ûǴԷǰ켱ˡ
ĺ룬˵ͱ䡣
˲ǳҲ˵ʲôɡ
룬վûס궯ģѲַҡ
ǳЦſڳҾ֪϶̲ס

õַһӶûΣ
طòԶ
ǰ󲻹ʮӣĳ͵ſˡ
Ϊ֪ôֻúǳٰæ̽
ǳٳû٣ԣҪպôѡ
в
ڵֻǳٰæ
֮£ֻòԴĿûУ
ǳæӦУֱҪ̫У
ԴصֵĿ
ֻҪϾ׬⡣
ǳ֪кôпĴ󷽣ԼΰڶԷеҪԡ
ı꿪̫г⣬ǳٰȻࡣ
֪ΰǳԺˣѾ׼뿪ᣬĵȻ˻òϰ峡˽Χһ飬ųֿ
ΰǸԱҪǱŵƬ΢Ͽɾˡ
Щȥĳ˵磬Ѿˣϰɡ
΢΢ףƿȥ
ʱΰ߳ᣬһ˶ûˣЩ֡
ΰһǰһ߻ף̲ס죺ϰǰ𣿡
½üͷ峡ˡ
ΰЩȣ峡
ĩˣΰֵǱ𣿡
½Ҳ֪ô£ȥ֪ˡ
˽ŲҴ¥Ųûͬйϣеɻ
½ʮֹ죬Ե˵ؼңô¡
ΰû׼Ӧȴȵˡ
ʶתͷȥֻ̤ŵƹ⻺



117  
ΰôˣ
ƣ浽ڵʱƲסҲ
ĪˣΰǺǺЦаǰҶû㻹еܾǱʡ
ЩįظҲ
ΰײ֪Ϊʲôִ⡣
ʲôû˵
Ƶġ
ΰЩͷۣû˵㲻
½״̲סԳҪ˭뵽ݵܣȻװȡͬ顣
˵겻ڵĻᣬ½ֵ˵Ѿɨسˣ
ΰԣüͷ˵Щɨ˵¸
½ǣЦЦ˵һ䣺ֻҪ֪֮Ȼɥ֮ȮͲҪٲ㲻ˡ
⻰һûڣΰ׾ȥ½̫̱˰ɡ
½ɵˡ
鷢չôһ
ӡΰҪ
ǰƬʱÿι̽࣬ΰûһβ
ɱŹȥ죬ΰ׵̬Ⱦͷ˷츲صı仯
½˼⣬ֻܽԭ̫ƭˣΰף㲻Ҫƭˣ
ΰ׳ɫ½㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
½ݿɬֻǵ治һˡ
ȷ½ȷʵڵΰѹвӿĻԷͣΪ˷Уϣܶһ⡣
½סǲ˼飬ʲô
ֻ֪ţȴ֪ԷһΪΰס
ѹ˵ʱڽ
½֮ʣ䵱ⱳˣţҪ޹ؽҪ˷ʱ䣬ǻؼҰɡ
ƽʱΰײӦôò塣
½ˣʵͶԷȥ
˳Ƹǣ½Ȼȥˡ
½תͷ׽һĵ⣬̲סǹ̼ҵġ
⻰һΰֱЦˣ½Դҩˣ
̼Ŀʲô
㲻׳
ûʮѪ˨ɲ°ɡ
ΰһͨף½֪˵ʲôˡ
½ٴ˼ΰקߡ
ΰƳһ۳Ĭˣ̽һ䣺㡭û°ɣ
Ȼû¡
սŹǻܹĶ⳰Ҫضˡ
֮£ղųȶ˵ʱİٷ֮һ㲻ϡ
ȻΪ˵õŴ˵ϧûҲװ¡
ԭԴװӡ
ΰҲԷ
ɹΰ׵ע⡣
ΰ룬ˣһʱۡ
֪ݱӦǰֹ½Ŷԡ
Ҫ֪û˴ƴĽɽ鱾͹Ƶˡ
ƫƫؼʱ½䳰ȷ
˭ͦġ
ΰԽԽۣһȰק§סԷĹͷ½ˣĻϡ
Ҹ̫ͻȻסƬ̣γѰع
½ܵõŴӵÿٱԷһ飡
ƽԴΰ׵ĴϣҸ۾ﶼðǡ
뵽Լڡġ¶ڣæ۾
ΰ׼״Ϊǲ뱻ƼǱӣƽŲۡ
İοûͣ£ô϶ᶫɽģ뿪һòã
̾˿Ǿɥͷ·ڣɽǲˡ
ΰû⣬֪֮١
˵Ҿͺܽţΰ׶Ҳ˼
ڹģΰһ䣺ΪſνŻѪôɴཻܲõλãүڶϾɱ𣿡
ףڣˡ
оΰײ̫⣬˵׵㣬ǲƿصˣҪ뷽跨ٵ
ΰګګ˳߲
޵ܽò
ΰԣ֮࣬ʼԼҵ᲻Ըң
аš
Ѿͺǳ˵ˣǩ¡
һүүԸ㣬Ҳù˼ɺؼô
ƺǳٻ첻ߣүүɲǳصġ
үӺͺүӲ̫ԸڻƲϡ
ţүᣬ϶ʮԸԷ¡
Դⷽ棬ûʲôǮҲġ
ŵ̬ȣΰ׵ĽǺܿɢ˴롣
ò˵ЧʵǸߡ
ΰ׸ջصңյǳٷĶš
ɩӣп˾̸һǩԼˡ
춼пգȥʣ
ɣ㲻ż
ã
ǲ죬ټϺǳٵĳ˳Դף˵¾ûټˡ
ʱע״װʵˣ
ΰ׵ͷҪ̸ղֻǶ˹ȥʱ䡣
Ȼȴװʲô֪ӣȥú̸̸Ҫˡ
ΰƲƲ죬ĶֵǳٿķСô˼Ҳ̫ðɡ
˵ǣ̫ͬһһ롣
ǳҵķС٣Ҳʱҡ
ʱҶǿȡģ֪𣿡
ƵĿʼ߶ΰ׸о䶼ҪżˣͶԷҲ𣿡
ЦڵһУȻǡ
˵ΰԷ̲ס̽ͺǳһ𣿡
֪ǳѾ¶ˣΪû©˳ƴԡ
ΰһ⻰˫ֱЦЦȷ
һصȷ
ΰ۾ǰȥסקԼǰ״ֱŶԷ۾˵һôˣӦ֪رƭҰɡ
ֱ̫Ծϻװ£֪
ǲʵΰֻüºϣǺãһҷƭң͵ùҼңף
ΰǲ֪ʲô
תһ룬¶ˣΰ׾ͲֹǾ棬ֱ
ΰ̽˵ʱǰȫġ
˳˼·װɵ㶣ţͻȻôʲô
ΰԭΪѻ˵ϣ϶ܲסѹһһʮˡ
˭룬ôá
ΰûа취ֻա
ӹһ٣һ
һߣ飬ȥˮĴɢΰǱλϢ
ܶԹȺڼǳԲǴ򣬷йϾͳˡ
ǣΰױǱλڼˣ
ûÿζ
Բۣѵࣿ
еǰ涼Ǳѹȥˡ
ЦˣǺǹ



118 лӦ 
ǡٲųڶ֧Ƭ
һ㣬֮и˺ܶ
ԹȺӿȥٲ£ΰݼȻ˳ɫп
ƵȻþģҲûʲôˡ
˵ģΰҪֵֵҪݼݼϷӾܡ
鷳λѧϰһ£Ժΰ֡
ͬ⣡ΰݼ̫ˡ
Ŭ㣬ĳЩ̱Դȫˡ
ɽϵ񶼱ˡ
ôû뵽ˮ˼ʮȥܻΰ׵
ΰײ뱻˿ڡᡱǡ
ǰŶڿΰף䲻ġ
ƽ·˺þãŴһѲʺƨҳ˵Ļ
ȻѵĿհͷһȴҳʲôûС
ζţԷǸˮ
ˣƽԺݺˤڵϣЪ˹һȺС¶첻ã
ʱմԡҳΰףֻ˺üδӵ绰Щơ
ү֪ͨȻĳһ͡
ΰױ֮˾ǡ
ĪԼĹϣΰ׳ں͵˽ȥ
ɨ˼ۣȫЩǶǵۣû۾֧ŵ㡣
ΰ룬СŵĳԹϵء΢
Ȼһ΢ѣͼԼĴڰ棬λ൱ǰ
Ϊ˺ܶΣϵڹ飬ΰǼֲˣеԳԼĹϡ
ںĵʹ£ΰջǵ˽ȥ
ûףǱ㳡һѲʺƨˡ
˭ܸΪʲôдţΰ ǱλȥȴǴͲʺƨֳ
ΰ׻ӣȦ˽ʮ꣬ûм
һߣҲе֪Ϣ
Ϊ۷ΰ᰺ǾҪҪ֪ͨزӰࡣ
ᰲ¾㽫ѡȨܣҪҪ
ʱ˶۷򡣡
һ˻ˮ㣬Ͱѳ
⣬˭ʹ
⣬ʹүү䡣
ᰣõģȥ顣
Ҷϵ绰ΰ֪鲻ã׼ԺöԷĶ
ڻ·ϣΰ߶һ䡰СϺСϺ͹
ڲ֪ΰϲĿζԽֿζѡϡ
Լʮӣ
ΰ̧һۡ
ڶʮһˣΰײ˭ϵ塣
ΰƵýʹӴת´
Ь첽߳䣬ΰѯʸղ˭壬ͱһȥĿ⡣
סƬ̣ΰ׻عһʵЩʲô
һЦԼûĳ磬ʱ㲻˵СϺ
ΰԣеľȶҪˣֻһ˵
һ˫۾ΪȱԲèģȵĶҪˡ
ΰףһֻСèһԷԴ
ԽԽĶտƲסġ
ΰ׾ȣƵģѸײڶ֮ƣѶԷԴ
ò˵бĻҪࡣ
֮࣬ļðͷ
ǰΰһôûֶԷ˿ɰһ棡
ΰ׻عЩƮһһɬ˾񾫷һͷԡ
˼֮£ΰ׸ɴ࿪ڴ϶Է˼ʲôأ
̧۾ɫЩȻû¡
ΰ׻Ҫʣæתƻ⣬СϺٲԾҪˣտҲǡ
ΰ⻰ע˲תƵЩҹ档
ı֣ȥˡ
ΰֲ˷ݰװƿһϲСϺ
ǣ¶Цݣϲͳԡ
ΰСƵĵͷʼͷԡ
״ĵؽһ򿪣ذΰǰ
ΰ׳ԵͣұջմȾСϺ֭ǺЦֽһ߸Էһ߶ԣû˺
ΰںԼҲҪż
ĩˣΰ׳ЩСϺŬŬ죬ϵĿɻ󣬡ô԰
ߣӣЦصⲻǵȰСźˡ
ΰ׹еġСڡָ߳ܵýָͷ

ʱȥĽˣȻôã
ΰڵһ±ͨ졣
״̲ס٩Сڣͺˣ
ΰƺоԼ϶Ҫˡ
߳ŭ֮£ΰ󺰣ôң
ͳЦ𣬿ѹ͵·Сӣΰײ̫ᶨңСƺ𣿱˶ôԼš
ΰ붼ûͷϵȻã
ˣֻʡǰͷȻ㲻ϲǾˡ
ΰԭΪƺ⣬ʮزܷƪ
û뵽ĺ˵
Ե³
ı֣ΰöԷ¿϶С
ϧǣ̫Ӳ˲
ΰ뵽ȻоСϺˡ
Ա㣬ΰ׻ص䣬ֱɵϷ
ûôˡ
ʰʳĲһѹڵ
ֱ賿࣬ŵϢ
ڶ죬ΰһ˯Ȼѡ
𴲳緹ͬȥ鷿ж籾ԼݵĽɫдС
ȫΪ˼ͥ
ʰɾѹưϴˡ
ҪܲðƼˣ϶۾
ܲð칫ң꼸߹ܵĻ㱨˵ǽͷöˡ
ԭڣ߹ܻ㱨Ķ
ǰɢɶÿֻҪ׷ֺˣҪġ
ڵܲãŷλøûôɡ
ÿæòоˣĩӵ绰ڼҴ顣
Žּ죬˰չ뷨
λýȥֲġ
˵˼׻Ǽ߹ܴߺǰլ
үӵֶڼһͿɥüͷʵô£
˶٣һˬߵһЩ߹ڹΪҡ
үӽͽӶˣһѷɹһʵôΪˣ
дʵǹ㱨ȫ
⻰үһʱûסͷҲǸ˼ְҵˣ
үӵ£ӣ̫ˡ
үԣûԷ
ǵȥſ϶군үӾ˼ڤ룬
ȻֻŻǵС



119 ¶ 
ĵĶӣүתȥ鷿
ϹܼҼ״ظȥ
һأүֱʵ˾⼸춼ʲô飿
Ϲܼ׼ܿ㽫һһʮ㱨үӡ
ĩˣϹܼС̽϶УѴү
үд⣬ֻǲ֪ôڡ
˵̨׹үӵ˳̨ȥķϣҾǿԭˡ
ôˣϹܼȻ˽үӵƢԣȥæˡ
үҪӣҪţԷܻ᲻ڡ
Ϲܼߺүֻ˷ͨѶ¼
ҵ֣үӴ˹ȥ
ʱڷͼĸϻ顣
ʶüͷ
үӴĵ绰üͷøˡ
үӵ˽⣬λǡ²ˡ
ү϶ûʲô¡
˼һүӡ
Էܹ֪ѶˣͲ˷ѿʱ䡣
뷨ͨ绰ͼĸᡣ
үӷǱ˽ɵˡ
ڴ֮ǰΪԼϵԷ϶ϲ
žͻԹš
Ȼʵȴ绰ӣȫûүү
ү촽˶ĵִ˵绰ȥ
ˣЩͷүү𣿡
үԣͷŭ˼֣θˣû¾Ͳ㣿
⻰ЦΪܿЦ𣿡
˵겻үӿڵĻᣬֵ˵ˣ뿪쿪ʼҾͲˡ
үҭһ£ЩΣ⺢ôˡ
϶үû¡
㱨Ϣ⼸칤չ˳
²⣬үйء
ʵ֤µû
үӴƣ̬ԹԵܷչĳ̶ȣһѪÿϧ𣿡
üģүүֱ˵ɣĨǲ𣿡
үӣȻҾֱ˵ˡ
ΰ׶ϸɾжʽ꿪Ƶս顣
飬ͻصţܲá
壬㵱ܣΣ
̲סڳүү컹ûڣͿʼˣ
ӰţһȻڰεΪүǰһƬСӣΪԼӲˣʰǰɣ
ǣЦЦһ䣺ٲǰ׸
̬ȳ׼ŭүӡ
ȻүҪʰȴ޴֡
ܲõʱλвԷ
Ѿȥְвûа취ˡ
£үֻܽìͷ׼ΰף㲻£ΰ²£
ԣһĸղŴݵ̬ʵʲô
оˣүӰ˿
ֻҪߣܿסԷ
үס˼к˿ڲ裬ŲصûǴΰ׵ҵŸǰɡ
ǻҪƶԷʲôϷ
үӷ²豭Ӧ֪ˣֻҪ죬еҶԸ
֮⣬ʱʰԸΰ
ɵӣȻүӵ˼
ܶԷҶΰףͱҶҲ
⻰һүӷ·췽ҹ̷Ц˳֪֪˵ʲô
ҪҲ
Ҷ֪˵֪η˵Ц
Ȼ̫ˡ
үӵӣǵûǰδеҪǲţԡ
˲ɢֻ˻ᡣ
תۼ䣬һˡ
ΰ׺ͺǳԼ㡣
ʱ䣬ӼȥҪʮӣڳúʡ
ΰ׷¾籾صһ·
ǰΰ룬ûǺ˵һȽϺá
ֿͷŹţΰûжֱšƿ˽ȥ
Ŷû洫Ķ
ֱƳΰףѸٿϵʵţôˣ
ΰ׵עڵϣû˼ȥԷĳƺֱߵǰʵڿ᣿
ŵһȴñֵǡ
ΰ۾ǻɣƭҡ
ڱ⣬ΰԹԵ磬ûͺǳһ𡣡
ۿҪ¶ˣæϣǣûƭ㡣
ΰЦ˫ֳϣֱֱ࣬ҵҪܱʲô
ʿˮѹﲻӿĽţҸղڰǳٴ⣬׬졣
ΰüǳ֪ô𣿡
ĴңΰԴ촰˵ʹǳ٣˵ûһ𡣡
֪Ϊʲôΰƶ˵ѡ
ԭǺǳ׵İˣ
ΰ׳ӵ۾ͫһֱӹˡ
ΪΣΰڶϴΪѾеľˡ
û㲨š
ûһʵ
ע⵽ΰ׵仯æϴţԲҲƭ㡣
ΰҧҧƭķŭнûУû취侲
˿ΰס˵ĳ嶯ƹԼǰˣԿ׾Ҫߡ
عæסΰ״ȡ
ΰױ붯Ͱŭ𳹵׵ȼˡ
һ֮£ΰֱ̧߿Է
״ԼڹˣԺͱסˡ
Ϊ˼ΰ׼æΰ״ȡ
ͬʱһ߲ŶԷһߵҲ
ΰ׵ͷ鹷ƤҩƵģͲˣֱӱԷЦˣɿһҪȥҺǳ̸ǩԼˡ
̧۾ֺ֮ɫȴӦңҳȥ
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼĲƲûȫᣬȥס𣿡
ҡҡͷȫǼᶨûڣʹ㡣
ĩˣֵҾСӸܰ
ΰ׷˸ۣջѡòУҲȥɿ𣿡
˽⣬Ҫ첻ɿڣԷһֱš
ˣԺ͵ճ˵Ĺɡ
뵽ΰ׺Ȼûôˡ
õҪĴ𰸣ԹԵɿΰס
ϻ黹ûֻ꣬վſڣĿŴȥ
ֱŹϣŻصԼķ䣬ſᡣ
ŰѵԴ򿪣ͼһԵؿֹӣ˱ܡ



120 ½ 
üͷ¾˵
һˢˢѡ˳Ĭ
ԣսҪˡ
˵ȣԼ˵û֨ɴ·ƪˣȻ˵Ǿͼᡣ
ݱĿŻᣬΰǱǰӰ޹˾
˾Ǻǳٴѧʱġ
ڱؼңǳ಻̶̼ͽ˾չӰҵͷ֮һ
ǳٲϲаʶ˾ķʮ
ټӰԴܶ࣬ͺܶӰԺкȦ˶쳣
ӰǩԼԱǳϸ
ΰԱֻǸBͬ
֮ǰΰ׾׼
ȥǳٰ칫ңԷȻһSͬ
ΰסƬ̣عǾʵǲôͬˣ
ǳԣΪΰǶݺͬ⣬ЦдЩֺʵɩӣﲻʿᣬ÷Ǳ߸޸ġ綼ԸԴĿһˣɵðѶԷĸζźòС
뷨ΰ׿ֵòõľ˵ǧҿ
ΰԣ˳ǣȷ𣿡
ڼҵʱǧǧ̫κǳ١
ʱҶΪȵĺˡ
ǳٸĺͬ˵ƶš
й˾͸ԱSͬҷֳɻԱþţ˾һ
ҪǺʱң¾ûˡ
ΰ̲סĴ룬ǲвˣ
ǳٷϵȻǡ
ΰͬ˷ȷϲԼۻָʵҺܺ棬ΪʲôԱźĴ
ǳɤӣһغ˵˵ȻǾǱ
Ϊ˵ǳó׼õϣʵǰ죬˾ͽһ顣
ʱƵʣѵóǸʡ
֮⣬ֵݼȦһĴڡ
ҸҴƱֻҪ㲻Υ飬Ϊһߴֻʱ⡣
ΰ׽ӹϣһ顣
ֹ˾ȷʵϸΪǩΰ׵ŰЩ
ǩݺͬǾò̫á
ΰ׼˼̧۾ͺǳҵ䲻ĴȰ˾ֵĵȼ
ǳٿȰɩӣ㲻Ҫ︺ԱȱȽǡ
ΰ׾ܾˣҲϲ̫ߵ
ΰ׵ļ£ǳٲòòаɣ㿪ľͺá
ΰԣںͬ·ǩԼ֡
ٶ̧ͷʱ򣬲Զ
ΰʶתͷȥֻһλǳɫװŲ߰˹ָ߸ЬŮӣȵ˽
Ŀԣΰ׸оһѹȸŲߣ֮ӡ
ŮͣھΰԶһò΢Цʼҽܡ
ҽк责ǹ˾ľˡ
¾ҵʮ꣬ӵۺһӰ󡣡
ܸ㹻Σǿ϶ܹ졣
ΰʿˮѹסﲻӿĽʵʲô㹻Σ
΢΢һЦ˸ӣܹ֮ǰǰ֪ͨһҺ׼
ΰԭΪǸҪ
û뵽ҪȻô͡
ʵ贵Ҫߵ㣬ܲסи˳ֻܰҪ󽵵ж֮ǰǰ֪ͨС
ΰײ֪еƣڸпλƾá
ǩͬ;˻ܹΰ׾ؼϢˡ
ͱ贺סмӰ籾Լ
ΰȡ
ǰɣ贵һͽ뾭״̬ˣ
ƾ˵ְҵǾˡ
п˼䣬ΰ׸źȥ˶Էİ칫ҡ
ó籾Լһʾˮһ˵ھµ׻дԼڣΪһڵԱôʱûعʿ϶С
Ҵҵľ飬ҽӸյķмα
꡶˼ⲿӾ磬ԽӸӰˮ
Щ籾Լ㿴ûϲġ
ΰ׵ͷõġ
˽һСʱЩ籾Լȫ˸顣
ò˵ƾ˵۹Ǻá
ΰ׷ѡ֢
Ҫзΰȫ
üͷ΢壬˼贲ЦЦôѡ
ΰǿգ籾ܺãϧûз
üһ籾żѡøϽȷ
ΰ룬ָΪ˵ɣʱպܻ𡣡
Щ⣬۹⻹ͦơ
ѾˣΰѡöԷȥա
⼸ԼߣνǷСա
ڵһյΰ˵ûбʵˡ
ظĿ֮ǰһ䣺ΰף㿴𣿡
ΰҡҡͷʵûС
ԤϵˣȥΣҪȥ¼ˡ
ΰӦá̤ϻؼ֮·
ص·ͽӵ½ĵ绰ʦ˵£ʱ𣿡
ô࣬ΰΪʲô£ʹӦˣаɣȥ˵
½˸ȹݵĵַ
ΰ׾ó⳵˾ĵǰȹݡ
ǡǸȹݾΰ׵ǰλúܽ
Լʮӣͣڿȹǰ
Ǯΰƿȥ߽ͼԱЦӭ𣿡
ΰ˼룬üۼǾȣô֪
ñӺͿˡ
ⶼϳѲԱķ˿
ΰ׼ѯʵʱ򣬶Է͸˵ԭ򣬡½ΪĵͰȹ峡ˡ
֮⣬
ΰ׻ȻͷŷԱȥ¥ᡣ
ƿŽȥΰ׺½棬ԶֳԷӡ
ΰüͷߴٵ㲻Ҫ˵
оΰײͷˣ½ƶԷΪϴε飬γ˲õӡ
½ίǽţʦ㻹ҵ
ΰԣЦݣôС𣿡
½پ£һת˵ԼԷĿģʦ̸ʱ򣬿ȿ𣿡
ǼҵĳܿûзԹСĻ¡
һȫõĻᱻв
ˣǻҵ
ΰֱɵˡ
ڴ֮ǰֻǰ½ѣȫûµķչ
½뷨ΰΪԷһ
˭룬˾Ȼ˸ըըþûز
ֱ½ٴΰײγѰգգ۾˵ʲô
½սԿƤظ˵ҪҪһ¡
ΰ붼û͸ܾˣҪ
½ۿɼʧģǵҪ𰸣Ϊʲô



121 ûȨ 
ΰƲƲ죬ЩͷѾ˵üˣʱû̸Ĵ㡣
½æΰףһ˵һ
㵣عӰҵҿԵ㱳ˡ
ʲôʱ빫ˣٰ¹ȥ
ģ½ڵ۶Ҳһļ塣
ֻҪ㲻빫ϢͲ¶
ΰԣЦ½ǵҴ촰˵ǰɣ
½ڵĻᣬΰֵǰҲϲ㣬Ҳϲ㣬ԺҲϲ㡣
ΰţѻ˵ϣҪˣ
˭뵽½Ƥй֮޲
ΰ׻£½̽ӹ磬ΰף㶼ûԹô֪ϲҡ
⻰ΰ̲ס˸ۣûҪԣֻǰ㵱ͨѡ
½˶٣ǲұ
½⣬ΰ׻ûϸȥ
ǾԷһ˵˼
Ƭ̣ΰ̧۾Ϊҷ֮𣿡
ûʵıϾһС
ˣÿ컹ҪѧϰγΪһϸļͥ򡣡
ʣ̶ֳ𣿡
½𺳣þûпڡ
ΰֵһ˵ǳҲȲ
½ɵˡ
ڴ֮ǰôû뵽ΰ׶۾Ȼ֮ߡ
½ع촽˶˼£ʲôû˵
ΪȷʵΪΰ׷е顣
޷ʧȥ½ұӻʲôӡ
Ժûоƶϳò̫á
½Ž׳СǼﳤų
˳˳ˮ˵ûгԹһͷ
ΰףֲģҼҵĳܿҪΪС
½ǿҺ˵ϲʱǾѾˡ
ΰ׷оԼڶţ١
½û塣
£ΰ׾ÿ쵶նЩɴ಻˿˵Щص㣬صҲϲ㣬𣿡
½Ȼףǲ̫ܽܡ
С󣬶Ǳ׷ܡ
òȥ׷ˣȻԷܾˣ
½ϹҲסͬܵý
ѻ˵̫תƻһе£ˡ
½˵꣬æ뿪ᣬӰǱ
ӣ֪Ϊй׷
ΰתͷǵԶȥӰ̲סҡҡͷ
⣬û˵ġ
½׵Ļ棬ΰֱɺǾȡ
ӡ½ƺδֹⷽô˵׾ͱء
첻ʲô׽ŪѵӰɣ
뵽ΰ״ֻֽƽƽһ졣
ΰװ˼⣬ǻɻ뿪˿ȹݡ
ؼ·ϣΰЩᣬҪҪ˵¡
˽⣬ȵԷԼµʱ϶군ġ
ȻͰ¸Էƻᵱ̳ӡ
ῴ
Ψһڣѡ
һ·ΰ׵˼ſڻûѡ
ʳָָλÿţΰʶŲ˽ȥ
ʱԷΰ׵Լ顣
ϧǰʹӿͷЦӭĵô
ͦõģ˾ʮź񡣡ΰȫ̴Һӡ
ûΪ㣿ͬһϸףΰ汻۸ˡ
ûСΰ׶ԼЬ⣬εĽš
ע⵽쳣֮۾ǰˡ
Ϊʱڹ۲ΰ׵ɫ£Զΰ׵ˡ
Ȼΰӣڽš
˵Ϊ׼ȷ
ΰǰ飬϶ʲôС¡
뵽̲סüͷ
ûеһʱץΰʸͣǰɳϣȣȥե֭
û׷ȥΰװ˿лл~
˳ͳֻǳٷһϢ
ΰʲôʱ뿪˾ģ
Ұľˣ֮ȥǱߴһʱ䡣
һǳٷϢ
ʱ䣬ΰ׻ʱ䣬ȥʱԶһء
Ϊ˱Էһ·
ȷ·ûж³ϿԿ϶ʱ䣬ΰӦǼʲôȥˡ
ե֭ȥ̽һΰס
ʱΰ׻֪Լ˶ˡ
Ƴ֭¶һЦݣʵ޵ԽԽͻˡ
۾һ䣺𣿡
ΰСƵĵͷǰ
ǣЦЦȻ㻹ȥĹ
⻰ΰ׵ɴ۾ѿڶô֪
ʶԼ¶ˣΰͼһ¾棬عæĿڣޣҵ˼ǣô뷨
ΰ׻ҵĿУ߶Էеıӡ
ţ첲ΰԴࡣ
סΰʵļһ˹̹״ӿܴϡ
ΰ׳˳ǣѹסͷĻңװɵҲ֪˵ʲô
ü֮ľø
ֻҪһ΢˶˵촽ͻϡ
ΰ׾ͫһԴ
ȻԤϵӦͽΰ׵ĺ׿ס
ΰ׶ãֻĻµˣҪУ
ԣһЦ˵ҾԼˣŶ
֮⣬ʲôͱԴˡ
ΰײɵӣȻ˼
ΰ׾ҪҪʱԺȻһ⡣
ûˣԷţ
뵽ΰ˵ȨȺҽͣţвƲͷӣòסҼô¡
û뵽ΰ׻ʱˣһʱ䶼֪ôش
ԭƿصľ棬˲ΰռλá
ΰ׵ˣ§סԷĲӡ
Ŀԣΰ׷ųݻͲͱסˡ
ʵΰѾ³ôˡ
һΪסңǰˢˢڸУȡհ¡
ò˵ΰ׶ȷʵȫˡ
ôġ
ΰ׵ע£εӣţҽ͡
ΰ˫ֱ۸˵
֪ô˵ձЩӲ
ΰױȤˣȥ¡ҳҪǻһͣ˹Ķߡ
Ҫȥ¼աɵøϽβС
뷨ΰ״鷿
ҪߣˣһȥקסԷĸ첲
ΰײò½Ųعͷʵˣ



122 ʱ˴ 
˿ǣǶһֻԡ
ұġ
ȥܲõλġ
ΪʲôסңӦ֪𰸡
ΰԣһĨȡ
Ԥ뷨Ʊ硣
Ȼˡ
ΰײ̫⡣
ȵΰײ֪ôģɪһ¡
ΪʲôǧټסңȻ֪ԭ
ϡ
ǰΰ׿ܻԥӦ
Ǿ֢ȴûʽıʱ̣ΰ׵·һ
ô˵û취ǰȫȻԷ
Ȼʯĳˡ
Ϊȫ
ΰײľ֮С
׽аصڴΰеľֶ˼֣֪ԶԷ
£ΰֻӱʵ
ս˿Ѹܽ鷿ֻһ䣺˸Ҳҵ´ġ
·ͻȻûзӦʱ䡣
عŷ֣ΰѾ鷿棬ġ
ûԿףֲܱǨֻ鷿š
ΣŲߣ̾˿
֮£ɹһٵΰףҪࡣ
ĿȵģǲΪ֮
ˣЩûãȰ˼ϡ
뷨ΰ״򿪵ԣ롶
ܿ죬յϢʾ
ݰٶȰٿƽܣǵΪŵۡ
ġع԰
פαÿڶвͬķмαѵݹμӽĿ
ͨǱפαƭͨͬķʽĿ黻ȡʽ
ǵϵʱ򣬲Ǯʳġ
Ǳ׾ӣĿ㡣
˽յĴϢΰ׾㿪һڲ
ò˵Ŀ˹ڵ˼ռøЦֲ˾ù֡
ΰΪЦ㲻ߣմղʮӣЦ˺üΡ
깦Σΰ̲סп
ƾ˵۹á
һΰס˼ƳһĻ½ǵʱ䡣
࣬뷹Ѿûʱˡ
ΰĶӣ̱Сö
뵽Լ䲻ŴڳȥͶ
ΰ뵽òȥҵ㶫Եͷ
ʱһȥΰ׸оԽԽ
~~
ʽΰ׷顣
ΰ̾˿
ΪһԼĹɡ
뷨ðãڿΰ׾ڡӡ͡Ͷ֮䷴
ϱӾΪͲθΰ׵صޣ׳ŵӳȥʳ
ΰױŽ롣
ȥôˣӦò˰ɡ
ⲻ֪Դ鷿һڿš
´ڿɵģνǽá﷢ӵ쾡¡
鷿ΰߵź
ſŰһĶʲôûУΰ׷
ǰľ飬ڰ˳ڷ﹤
¾֮ΰִ鷿ţҡ˳ȥ
ͷɳϣĿƶˣ
ΰסƬ̣عĵһ£鷿㡣
Ȼ˷
ΰж֮ǰԤе˶ԷĶ
ΰײûܳɹ鷿ۼֿץš
Ŀԣΰĵлú˵
ԣüҵú˵˲ϰ
ΰ֪ˡָϵЦݲ˼Σ
ΣƴԼߣ
ΰӣ֪Ҫᵽʲôʱ
ȵΰԼͨƶˡ
ɤӣס˼浽ʵΰףԸٸһλ𣿡
ΰû˼Ҫܾش⡣
Ȼѻ˵ϣװɵֲ̫ܡ
֮£ΰֻӲͷƤصʱ˴𰸡
˳־ս׼
ѯʣΪΰ׻ǰܾ
˭룬ΰ׵̬ȾȻˡ
ζ׷޽һأ
YUϪXIʶ㣬۾˲
ΰע⵽ˣðһʺš
ûмǴղ˵ǡʱ˴𰸡ǡҴӦˡ
ϲӣΰһΪԼ˻þ
ۿ˵úϲ£죬ΰ̲ס˳ǡ
üһƶϡо١ˡ
ΰ׺ѵһûӦ
֮⣬˵̫ˡ
ɵȻΰ׵֮
ȻǿƲסɵЦ
·˵ҵɵӣΰ׾е۾ŸԷõˮ
˼룬ΰɫҪȥϷһС¼ա
ԣ˲ϲ״̬ȥ죿
ΰ룬⣬Ӧһһҹ
뿹֮ʣȻԼиԱݣָֻЦݣȥʰ
˳ߣΰ׼æסԷʲô°
ĩˣΰֵȥ¼գʰ
⻰һÿĺΰס
ΰ˶ɵˣ֪ʲô˼
˵仰ôĺƵġ
˼֮£ΰ׸ɴֱѯʣң
һίӦңҵ
ΰ׵ɴ۾֮ɫʲôʱ£
⻰ߵװɵǲǣ
£ΰˣȷʵӦ¡
ΰ׺ͷۣôͻͷӦԷô׵Ҫ
ȥֱǷַѵĽࡣ
Ǹ棬ΰ׺ܻܲҪ󣿡
֪ΰڹʲôҲûйΪѶԷ˼
ͨΪԼҪôͼװֵܣҾ㵱
ΰͻͻֱ̫Ѩʱһͷ
˽⣬Է϶飬Ҫı²ôס
ǡܿջ
ΰ룬˸ҵҿκҪ󡣡
ǰǲܴɷ档
УΥ־͹򡣡
ƶΰ׻òû뵽ô졣
˼ʱðҪʲô㡣
ΰ׼ɿˣǺڡ
֪ݱͲӦ
תۼ䣬ȥΰҪȥ¼ˡ
֮ǰ·һϸףһ߸ΰʰһ߶ȥﲻҪίԼ۸ȥ
ҪµˣԶʵĺܡ
⻰Ѿ˵˺ü飬ΰö䶼Ҫˣ֪ˡ
ΰҪߵʱȥʵһǰ𣿡



123  
ΰʶܾԡ
ЦݽϣβŻعţĺúݡ
Ŀߣΰ顣
ĿԣеʧҪˣ鲻ֶ˼֡
ΰ׺ȻЩھܾôˡ
Ѿѻ˵ˣϸĿƺ̫ãԵһ㶼֡
ΰ룬װʲô鶼ûҪߡ
ûóԸȻ׷ŶԷ뿪
ΰ׳֮ǰһȥſ˫۵ſڡ
ΰ׼״æͣ½ŲҪһͷ
ûбΰףЩʧ
ܿ͵̬䣬ǴյԷǰ״СѲ͵͵ߣᱻĴǳԵ
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼֲСѡ
ĩˣΰⲹҽѾʮüˡ
üѧʦ̵𣿡
ΰĿУ͵Ƕʮꡣ
ΰ룬ȷʵ鲻ƽΡ
Ȼ˵ʵû취
£ΰֻܰЭ飬ǿԼ£˵㲻ԶҶֶš
ԣϷȷʵûжֶšֻ붯ˡ
ΰ̧һʱ䡣
Ѿŵ࣬费ûˣﲻЩż
ƼſڣԼͲÿļƣΰ׵淴ˡ
˵ġ
ֻҪż϶ͬ⡣
ȻǿӲرͲԷˡ
ΰ˿ͼ˵Է贽Ҫˣ𣿡
Цݣһصû֡
ΰ׵ӣηֻҪǣְɡ
ΰû취ֻ΢΢ż⡣
һ룬һܵϡ
ܲ⣬ţ֮ܲǣ
ΰװɵˣ
ףǰˡ
ΰ̧۾ʮ޹ղŲ˵Сѣ
⻰һְʯͷԼŵĸо
ıֻ٩ΰף˳ԴΪɽ
˭룬ھȻ˶Էװɵ㶵ͷ
ĪԼһѣ֪˵ʲôˣֻͻͻֱ̫Ѩ
յӣΰ̲סЦ
Цعţ۸ҡ
ΰæֹסЦݣҿ۸㡣
򲻹
Ļʮ治
Ա֮£˭۸˭ֱһĿȻ
ۿҪ磬ΰ׵Լ˵Էɴһ˿ڣϽÿҵ£ͱסˡ
оΰײ뿪Цֻò鲻ԸԱŲŲ
Ϊ˱ﲻȫ̽촽ǽ
ΰע⵽ˣǺǺЦɫ˭أɡ
һԣԹԵرŸ
ΰ׷ˣҲ졣
ȵݵʱΰƳԴ·һĴ󹷣ﲻЩ
ΰջߣֵݻõȵȣͶ֡
˶֪ٻԼҹơ
СʱȻ֪ʲô˼
ȻѾ˲Щˡ
ΰ׻û֣˳˹ȥ
ţѯʻûڣͱΰһѵˮǶ˻ȥ
۾ɵֱֱģ˶ɵˡ
عΰѾӰ
ΰ׻ղŵһĻٶڳֱϵ¶ȸǸߵˡ
˿ֺñӣ򱻹ȺӪŹе˵ˡ
߳ݣΰյ贷Ϣ˵ǳѾ¥¡
ΰ׻һ䡰Ͼܴ߳˴
ϳΰ׵һʱժñӺͿ֣͸͸
ÿȺƨɣ贳ںһ䣺ΰףΪʲôô찡
ΰһԼһ߻ص̫ˡ
贳˳ǣȷŶʮ
ΰ׸Ц˼͵ұȽȡ
˵ǣ贴ĵײš
ԭж
һǽ죬ȵ˶
ΰײǵ죬üĿ
贲ǲµСȻ֪ıζʲô
ݣ贲ûеƣǽ˹ϵע
ȥ¼Ƶ㣬һҪھͷǰԼı顣
˵ĲҪ˵ò͵鲻Ҫ͡
Ȼ㲻Ҫ£Ҳ¡
Ϊ㣬͸ҷϢ
ס𣿡
ΰ׵ͷסˣǷİɣҲСӡ
ǰǧ
һ顣
оԼȥ¼ƽĿȥ׶԰
Ȼ֪Ǻĵ£ֳܱһͷöԷ˵ġ
ź贲ע⣬ΰתͷ̾˿
ΰסԶ
Լʮӣͻʻͣƺ
ΪΰС贵Լ˻ᱻ˿סͨ
ʵ֤ȫȷ
֪ΰҪȥ¼գ˿ڻˡ
ȻҲ켣У׼ƬüǮ
ûΰ׵Ӱ
ʱΰѾԴϢҡ
֪˿Ƕΰ׾²á
һһ򣬶˷ʱ䣬͸飬贽㣬ûз˿Ԯϵʽ
贵ͷеģ֪ڹʲôѾСϵˡ
İ֣ΰɻ󣬡Сң
责
е£ûһȥ㡣
ڸ·ϣٹӾ͵ˡ
ΰûɴƽԼˡĹΡ
Ϣ⣬СҸ֮󣬺ܿͽ˿ɢˡ
ȻĲôô򷢵ġ
뿪ָСҽϽΰ׳⻹ûϣ͸ǰ˼ӣ
С֪ѲҲûǶ
ǻû֮ǰСҾƾ֮󼪡
ܿ죬Сһ·СܽϢҡ
ȥʵ˿Ƕ𣿡
СصˣǴûߡ
ʣûͻɣ
СҡҡͷĸҰ
һһţΰ׷СԴӽڲͣͿƿˮݹȥȺȵˮɡ
ΰٶ˲Сĺøֵ
Ҫ֪ΰϲеģСҶҪĶˡ
ӹˮСЩߵ򴽣СС˵һ䣺ллθ硣
ΰЦЦ֮Ͱˣл
Ϊ贻£θΰ׹ȥ¼ƵľֻСҡ
Сӣΰײ˼öԷ
һ·ΰԼ㶨ġ
ӷɻɶٻɴͣϽĿ鰲ŵĳ
裬ڵ¼Ƶص㡣



124 ¼ 
ΰ³֮ǰӰʦѯʣʦڴ¼𣿡
⻰ΰ̲ס²ۡ
ⲻǷϻ
ѵھͷǰ˵ڴ
²ۼ䣬ΰס˼ڳһӪҵ΢ЦȻڴ
Ӱʦǣ¶΢Цݣף¼졣
ΰ׼״һĨãȻ
ֱΰףӰʦл
ϧ£ͶԷ죬ԷǵСžš
ΰջߣȥ
СҲ뾵ͱĿ鰲ŵһӡ
ΰ׽¼ȫ̶һˡ
֪ϢʱΰǺǺЦ
֪͸СҷˣʡöԷ۳Ͷ١
ھͷǰΰײýʵ¶ֻܼӪҵ΢Ц
ΰ̨ףƿԺӵľžͺ˸ӡ
֮ǰΰΣһ۾ϳǳפαӰ硣
ΰΪԱͶԷкʦá
䴫ǳ䣬ڽĿûʲôΰ׾öԷ˳ֻǶͷˡ
˭룬羹ȻЦЦɽϵѩڻˡ
ΰײЩʧ
סЦݣЦұ˼꣬òź
ĩˣֲһ䣺̸ͺá
ΰ׸оһμ棬ƺƺ̫ˣûնԷ˵ĺԹԺʦ
ԣﲻЩʧ䡣
ִܿüۼЦҺϲݵϷлһӰ
ΰסƬ̣عھȣʦϲҵϷ
˵ģڲݸܹҡһΪӰۣм֪
ǰʱڣͳ֮á
£Ϸ˿϶١
뵽ΰ׺ƣԷΪʲôϲϷ
ֲûСԱ
ΰװ˼ʱ·˼һ˴𰸣ԼЩģݼȦǵһݶӵġ
ΰ׵ɴ۾ʦԩ޳ɲɱ
뿪֮ʣԺӵٴα˴ƿ
ʶתͷȥֻ½˽
ΰɵˣ½Ϊʲô
˵ˣڵķмαֻһˡ
ʱ֣ôû
أ
ΰˣֱӱ졣
½߹ȥЦӯӯкʦּˡ
ΰ׵Լȥᱻָòֻѹеķ꣬һò΢Цɡ
ʵһ㶼ɡ
һж½ŵġ
ǰ½֪ΰǩԼ⵵գ̵ԴԼȥ
½Ϊľܺΰ׶Ӵ
ԼΨһĲ࣬Ǻΰദʱ䡣
ֻҪӴΰ׿ŵ㣬ԷͲ޷԰Ρ
ΰر𿹾ǲҪóȻжȽϺá
뷨½ûٶ˵ʲô
֮Χ΢תƽҴȥѡһ·䡣
ũԺӣһߵС¥
פαķ䣬ճĿͷ
˶ʱ򣬼αͨἷһ
˱Ƚ٣ֻΰ׺½Ҫе
½ԣﲻЩź
Ҫʱ̫ˣະ˹
ͿԺΰסһˡ
˽˿פαεͳ̳СϣһŶһ
̳Ͳ󣬽ʮꡣ
ͯǳͽȦϷ
ʮ˽ȸԱʷԱ
û˴¼
εԱˡ
ݵĻǣΪݼÿϳԿ࣬ȦĿڱһֱܺá
ˣЩ¸صԱԹԺһʦ
Ȩ֮£ΰȺεʦҪæ𣿡
ε¶ǣЦǺǻһ䣺ãȸȥɡ
ΰӦáֺͳ̳κ䣬˶¥
ڷ䣬ΰײޣټѡָ֢һ俿¥ݵġ
½״붼ûѡΰ׸Ǽ䡣
ע⵽ˣü
Ϊʲôʱ䡣
źΰûڷ¥ˡ
½Ų𼱻Ǵӷΰƨɺ¥
ϵôݵĶʱ˲١
ڴ֮ǰ˲ϣ½Ŀ¼ơ
ݾ;ȣӭλмαĵơ
£ݾȴͷơ
£ݼ㲻һġ
ǻȡǮķʽͨժԺǰƬصףͽĿ黻
ʽǻͨɴ񷢲ȡ𡣡
ߵĽһٿ飬㹻ǳԶٻˣĶ𣿡
αԣӦĶ
Ȼݸ˳ӣͱֳľεƣһĥĥʲôϽ·񡣡
ϰΪȻúúá
һǴ﷢ģҵèˣ˰һ
ڶǴүģҵ¿ˣҪ˹ȥĥ
ǴܴүģҵţԼˣ⼸첻ڼңǸȽŲģ˹ȥæ
ڿѡˡ
αһʱ䲻֪ѡ
פαϷмαһˣ÷䡣
Ҫˣ͸պһ˹ȥ
ڱи䵥ô÷䡣
һߵεվû˷Ҿ˵䡣è򵥣Ϊһɣ
༸˷׷ӦûС
ε˶٣Ȼ˭񣿡
ΰ׵һʱ첲ҿԡ
Ͳˣ½ʮа˾ŻĻᣬճһ顣
һɵÿƳξ棬ΰ׵ȻҪ
εоӦԲΰף͵˵ͷУèͽˡ
½ź
һûܳɹֹ
֮£ֻΰԼȥ
ΰ׳ǰһ̣Ȼֻ˵˰æèèֺûṩں밡
ȥ˵ݣèʲôûбȽĿ
óƬݹȥҪҶˣֻèֽƣƬ
ΰ׽ӹƬССҲ̫ˡ
Ƭ뿪ԺӣΰĿĵڴϹ䡣
ʱ½ɵġ̶顱
½˵ЩΰεͷƤڷ飬ʶҪƵߡ
û뷨ж½һסʦҪȥè
ΰͣ½Ųѹסͷķ꣬ӻصûĿ꣬Ϲҡ



125 Ѱ 
½ΰ׶ӴʦȺȥѼ̵ˣȻһȥè
ΰ׵뷨ǡú½෴
Դ½ֻ֮ҪͶԷһڳеоڡ
ΰײԼξأʹ㾡ܿ½
˭룬½Ȼ˱Ƥҩơ
ľܾûöԷȴһöԷ
ΰ׺ͷֱֲۣӰ˸ϻȥֻҪζֲʧòЦˣż
ĩˣתͷ𣺡ʦȥˡ
ףȥɣעⰲȫ
ΰ׵ͷƹ˴ǰ
½׷µĲ˲Ӱ
Ҫǹ˼žͷΰֱƽٶ뿪
½ǰ˵ЩֵĻƺӶϴˡ
뵽ΰʶӿµĲͲˡ
ΰ׽ӣ粻ЩЦΰһûܹĿĶ򡣡
½ԣֳһĨЦɡ
Ȳ֪磬½ΰ׻ԭˡ
½Ծ˵ػһ£岻
½ҡҡͷǿɬûС
ۿ绹Ҫʣ½һת˵£Ҳȥɡ
ȦĶ˾ȻóԷתƻ⡣
ûΪ˵ϰߣûв½
ˣŵͷ
˰վ·ͼ˼·ˣųɹҵصڴ
֮£ûй̶صΰ׾Ҫˡ
ΰ߳Զһ·ȷ½׷֮ŰٶȽ
ܣΰ׷ǰпŴͷ̫̫졣
ǵı飬ΰ׸оӦþǴ˵У鱨ݵ㡣
Ų߹ȥƵƬʵλ̣ûмֻè
·̫̫ƣҵƣ
ΰСƵĵͷڶԷϵĿڴ
̫̫Це֮ǰԲȣڲ֪˭ȥˡ
ΰԣʧǺڣôû
½ס죬ŵ
ΰײп
ȻֻӰҵٶȡ
ΰԽԽܣ̲ס̾˿
̫̫̾˼͸¶ϢǸèֻҪϲСɣͻ㡣
⻰ΰȼϣ۾˲ˣϲС𣿡
ΰ֮󣬺ȻԼǮĿˡ
ƵСҲͲǮ
뵽ΰ̾˿
̫̫֪仯Ϊʲô󣬵ƯѹЦǺǵУڴڵС򼸸ܰˡ
СɲǮͲˡ
¼Ŀ𣿡
̫̫Ӱ֪ʵ
ΰסšһȫôܸ㵽Ǯ
һǮѵӢۺ
ʱΰ׿νرڣʵʵذǮ˽Ŀˡ
֪񻹵ûǮСɣ͵͵صǮˡ
ϧ˵ʲôˡ
ΰ׿θǮʱһȻԺ
սԿΰ̧۾̽ʵλ̣ʲôҪæ𣿡
ΰ꣬ǲ̫Լ˼Դ촰˵뻻Ǯ
̫̫ˣԼͬʵҪǮ
ΰͷżֲ˼СɾС
·̫̫ȵȥҼװɣӽ³ȥˡ
ΰûѶȣ붼ûʹӦð
ΰױ·̫̫ؼңרŵñǰ׵ء
ΰԭΪС£ܿͿԸˡ
˭룬׵ߵʱŷûм򵥡
̫Ҫɹڻˣǽ׵ûӣ͸оº
ΰһʱûסӡ
ӻãһӾһʰˡ
ԽԽ˵̫»ġ
ΰû취ֻܱԼתעͲøɻˡ
˷ףΰ׸о˶ҪͿˡ
̫̫״һˮ
ΰ׵лӹˮֶֶ֡͡
ӵʱ䣬ͽˮȫˡ
ʵú̫̫ʶһ䣺Ҫ𣿡
ΰװڰֵˡ
̫̫ԣʵݹȥʮǮ
ΰȣøôɣ
ΰײ˼Ҫֱ̫̫ӽǮԷš
ΰ״ЩƾɵǮ¶ԥ̫ˡ
ֻʮʮġ
û뵽̫̫Ȼôֱʡ
͸ʮ鹤ʣա
һ·ͷ˴ﾭһ㣬̫̫֪ò׬ʮǮ
ΰ׾Ǯ֣æʮʮС
̫̫ûôɵĺӣǮҪ
ҲǸǿƢΰԽǾܾԽǮ
˵һ̫̫ʤ
ΰʮǮ̫̫ƳԺӡ
վſڣΰǰưܵķݣȵ¼ƽ֮Ϊܼ¡
̧һʱ䡣
˵ĽĿ涨ˣûģʧܡ
ĵˣٲȥ񣬺пܻòǮ
Σеʹ£ΰƣͣȥ˴ڵС
ʮǮϲСɣΰ׾ȥԭȾĴš
Сɷԣģʽ
տʼΰЩɣ̵̫̫취ס
Ȼ²ӵʱ䣬ʹè
ΰ׻عͷȥֻŰ׵Ĵ٣ҲΪƵèè
Ƶ߽СϣΰۼֿذС
Ƽ״öǰ޴󺰣
ȻΰӣҲ֪ư˳Ǽˡ
뵽ԼΪǮСɣ۵ÿͷϻţΰײ˻ۡ
Ƶע£ΰ׽ֱӰǰ˻Σѯƣ𣿡
ˣ޲ߴӡ
̫ÿж֮ǰѴӻ
ػ˼飬۵ͷ
Ϊһֻʶʱè䣬ƾΣɫȡСɡ
Ƶڵϣǰ¶ԼĶӣءһ
ʾãΰײüССè²ǳɾˡ
ȻԶŸߣǲΡ
Ųߣײߣ뷨ΰֱӰưһruaĶһߡ
ƵɢζСɣ˿ûз֮⡣
Ϊèߣΰ׸оϵƣɢ˲١
вǣƳԵ̫ˣеۡ
òԶһһèܿ쵽Ŀĵء



126  
ΰ߽Ժӣè
ﰴսĿĽһ߽ݹȥһЦ˵ϲ񡣡
è˵ҪЩĿ趨Ľ𲢲ߣֻʮǮ
ΰ׽ӹʮǮʱĪС
ΰ׽ǮתԺߡ
ƼҪߣ뵽Լߣһ·ԷȴСɶøáһ
ΰû֧Сɡ
Ƴƻµëըΰײ²ԷӦòᡣ
ΰӣЦдЩΣǸĿڡ̡СɣŰɡ
£ΰ׽װСɵĴӵݹȥ
ﲻԵɣΪԼҵḛ̀ԣΰ׸Сɡ
ƴǵС̫ˣá
ΰԣ˼ˣҪģƵļ񡣡
ΰ׵ļ£ֻСɡ
ΰ˿ת߳Ժӡ
ΪѾٽ㣬ΰ׾ֱӻס
˭룬Ӱʦʶͼ֮׳һ⣬ʦȥʦ𣿡
ΰ⻰һĨʵǶû񣿡
ӰʦͷǵģҪȥæ𣿡
ΰײǺȥ
һ죬ڶ޲ûȥ¡
ȥαԼҪ
ֻ¼գġ
Ȼģȴֱ˵
Ŀһͻᱻαķ˿׷
ΰ룬¶Ϊ֮ɫٹþǷˣҲȥѲãϷʱ̫ˡ
ĩˣΰ׽Ƥ߻ȥҲǻҪӰɡ
Ӱʦ¶ɫֻڵݡ
Ŀ鼸ҪԱͬΰ׵
û취ڵķ˿һһײС
üαڽĿ϶ӣǿĿĵƬ
ǳ̳Ⱥۣ˵ԼҶڳʱš
ǰһڣαˣҹʮųϷ
̳εֱըˣĿռٲַۣҪǰƤƵġ
ĿѹòǸ
ڳ̳Σΰ׸ӿ£λмֱŷɥ
ݲԼ£Ȼûоܾĵ
ӰʦյָʾԵ˵ͬˡ
ΰ׵ͷصסҽĿ˳ԿףŹĳǰϵг
ûɣΰ׾ͺ͵Ԥ֧ⲿǮ
׬ʮ飬ʮ飬ȥСɵʮ飬һжٶʮ顣
ԼͶ׬ģΰЩǮо쳣㡣
·ϣΰ״ſյɢմȡ
Լ˰Сʱΰ׿ִϡ
гλÿȥΰֻܰѳͣ·ߣ·ȥ
ΰûйϵгһʱСѽ԰ļӸС
תһȦΰײ˵¡
˵ϲãǲϲĲˣ
սԿΰתͷʵʦʲôɿڵĲˣ
Ӱʦ֪˻ʣ׼˼˵ϲá
ΰԣӰʦͽֻݹȥ
ΰĿУӰʦɤӽͣλʦϲöдڱ¼ˡ
ΰ׵¼Ķ࣬һ
ҺòǳƪۣȻԼε
ϸ˼飬ΰ׼ס˵ϲĲˣʼȥС̯ǰѡˡ
ԻţǱزٵġ
ϲţ⣬ΰʱ˵㡣
Щ಻࣬ѡزΰ׾ͱȽˡ
ݼϲˣΰ̧һʱ䡣
㣬ȥðСʱҲˡ
ΰײ֪Σźò֮תͷʵ𣿡
Ӱʦͳֻ˿ȺϢʦѾˣ̳黹һ㡣
ΰ˼صͷû˵
صסʱΰ׹ò࣬мӾˡ
ΰֶ³ʱЩ
һѲ˽Ժΰ׷ûһ⣬ɻ󣬡ǲѾ𣿡
֮⣬ô
ӰʦɵӣȻ仰֮
ĿԣӰʦص½ʦڸţ̵ʱ򣬱ţһš
ȥҽԺ·ϡ
ΣҪ˲֪
ΰǾȣţʲôʱ£
ӰʦǼʱ򡣡
ΰ׳˳ǣ£ǹҪˡ
Ӱʦ֪½ıûʶԣڰɡ
ΰûٽӻ
½Ӵôһ
¿ĺڰ½ҲЩůͦĶԷġ
Ϊ⵵£նơ
Իʱ򣬳̳θо̫ĬԾա
˵춼Ҫˣ˵ɴء
̳ҿû˴ֻ÷ˡ
ݸоȥУĳزĹڿ϶ģɴǷ˸٣ȵɡ
ΰ׳Ա֮󣬾ȥ͵ȥ½ļҽԺ
ԣЩԥϵҽԺԶȥҪĸСʱ
ˣһ˹ȥȫ
½λСүѾˣҪΰٳʲô£Ŀ϶
Ҫ֪ΰ׿λеļ⡣
ΰ״Ӧ¼Ƶʱ򣬾ӰǱ߾ǧһҪչ˺
ݵʱһȦ֪
λĴ
¶Է£ٴοȰ½ǱӦⲻȵȰɡ
ΰ룬о˵Ҳûе
óȻǰҽԺ·ϷʲôǸĿҡ
ϵݳϣ۾ΰ׻صðɡ
Ӧɤ۵ڷŻԭλ
һߣæ깤֮󣬴е֪½ΰһ¼գ붼ûͷԸҪȥ
סƬ̣ع¶ɫ¼յĵطȽƫƧ
˽˷ɻǱҲûпԽĵط
ϣס̫ܲס
ҽٹȥ
üͷɼֵһӶˡ
򴽣׳һϢȰԷǵ½λСүвʵûҪ
̧۾ӵɡ
¼;з⣬ѾȥҽԺˡ
һ
ΰһʣ¡
˼˵Ȼһٹȥ
ɿˣ᰽񾭶ʱ
ڶ죬ˡ
򵥳˸緹ʹ˷ɻǰΰڵĳС
˷ɻִ֮Ӹ˴ͣȫСʱȥ



127 Լ² 
ʱΰڳ緹
Եһ룬ͱԺ洫ϡ
ΰ׸оеˣ¿߳ȥ̽
߳ݣΰɺߵײϡ
ͻȻ֣ΰûа׼жʱһĨȡ
סƬ̣ΰ׻عԼδľϲôˣ
ԣ½ΰһ¼ƽĿ֮Ǵ⣬ҾͲ
׹Էеġָֻ½ΰǺǺЦ˵֮ɾ̳ôɾأ
Ե٩ûŭУһʮָɴسˣû취˭㡣
ΰԭΪԼӡѾƤˡ
û뵽һһˢ֪
ھƵĳΰ׺ܿͻع
棬ΰȫûй˼ɵط˸ۣչƣԺɴֱӹϵˡ
װ˼ǵӣ˶ٵҲǲԡ
ΰǰˣ˿ûԼԸһ⡣
⻰ĵţԭôҰ
ƺһΰ׾üæסԷ죬Ǽɫǹڳϣˣ
ǣͷһΰ׵ġ
ΰסǾͫһջ֡
ĩˣΰ˿Щ߳ŭ
ЦɣǲҲй¶ȥģͽȥˡ
ΰԣһ
ȻѾǰǸˣ˵ʲôʲô
˵꣬ΰ⻷ܣ˵ı顣
Ƴȫڱӣûһ˹ͶĿ⣬ΰ׽ŷ
˵Ƥ£ΰײЩֵ̫ĶֻܳԷʾ档
ȻΰǵûЧöԷ쳣ɰ
ŵ˵ֱȵĶҪˡ
ƼЩʧΰΪԼľЧϲ¶Щ⡣
״ֱһ̲ˮ
ΰ׷þûز⼫ˡ
һһԼʦǧϹҽȥȱˮ𣿡
Ҳΰ߳ܵýָͷҪˡ
Ҫǹ˼ڣ뾾סĶѵһ٣öԷ֪Ϊʲô졣
˿ΰ΢ƽص
ڵĻᣬΰתߡ
֪þյĵûҼŪԼλڣƨ׷ȥ
һǰһ߽εˢˢվ
ԭɢ̫ǿˣǸоѹ
ΪϸаټʮԽһǲ
Ȧóŵ˶ɵһ۾ϳݡ
ĴȻټš
ε׼Ѽʱһ˿ڣллǶΰ׵չˡ
εͼ¶ԷĸлûУΰ׶Ժǿûǰæ
Ҳڿ
˵ΪʾȨ
ΰϵĿ⣬Ϥúܡ
ǰã½
ϮͷһʱûסԼ˵棬첲ΰ׼ϡ
ΰס֪Ӧ档
Ƭ̣ΰ׻عһʱƿ첲
ţתͷˡ
ϻٶžȣüֱҪըˡ
ˣȻܵľٶ
۾ûˣܿǹϵǳ
ΰԽԽƹ¥ݣŭ˷䡣
״֪Լǽΰŭˡ
ΰصĽŲ֪Էòᡣ
ղŵľٶоԷ޿ɺǡ
ľٶ
Ϊΰ׵̫ˣͨʾȨЩһ
ǶǽţžҪûˣ
뵽ս˿ʵΰסļ䷿ȥ
εҵλУԥΰ׵סϢ
л¥ݣֻ˴ҴææıӰ
ȳƣǰ󲻹ӣȥΰ׷λá
û֨̽šһŵİ֡
Űָš
ڴ֮ǰѾԤϵ˴ʻԲ⡣
ƣûа취ֻʵʵϢϴ
ţȰŴ򿪺òãȻϴûᡣ
òţĴȥɡ
㲻ţҾֻǸ
ΰ׿ϢһӴɳ
ǰ϶ţϾԷӿޱҪ
ڲһˣԴ׷ʼǴĴţƤֱվ
ԵҪɣ˲Ҫ޵С
ΰ׸оڵ޵ˡ
óȥɶš
뵽ΰ׼æŴ򿪣һק
״ΰקߣȫûбֳ˿֮⡣
ţĵذŸˡ
ʵϣֻǲñǵĺ¡
ΰײ֪ǵС˼ΪԷǸġ
ſʼͰڳӣʾԷԿʼǸˡ
˭룬ʼʩǰұסŵ~
ŶԷϳβΰײЩ
ҪԲᶨҪ־͹̫Խ
ֱҪ
ΰǰţڿҡˣĵֿɢ˲١
Ŀԣΰ׸оԼҪˣæŲߡ
ע⵽ˣоϷΰ׵š
ΰױмܲסֻ
Ȼ˵һΡ
ҪסΰףȻᱻԷƿ
˳־ս
̫ȣΰףò
ΰע⵽ˣʹϽš
˵£𽥴ſڵλãһŲ档
ΰ׸оƸۣƴһѡ
ûܳɹǯƣڹԵ£ͶԷһ˴ϡ
·ͻȻΰûκ׼ֱɵˡ
عѾѹ£ԷӸµض
ΰоæԼõԼһҶֶš
üڲڼԼ²ˡ
˵겻ΰ׿ڣ͸סԷĴ
ΰ׵ɴ۾ļ
ϧûƿͱԷǵͷۻҲ𽥱
ΰҲǰųԷ
ʱȻ



128 Դ 
ΰһ㱡۾ʱ
ΰ׼æƶԷļǽĻ˵ˣ
ԣòͣסƵĶ̧۾ص֪
֪˭ôûҪͷĺ£
Ҫǹ˼ΰǰˡ
뵽˿Դΰ׵ľѣһ߲ŶԷһҪ
ͣΰ׸˼ʯĳһ䣺
ģһ£𡣡
ΰԣӶˣ·һֻĹĵĺࡣ
״ֻò鲻Ը
ȻĹУٶȣΪľʱ䡣
ŵ˼ֲȫߣͿԼѹΰΪΪˡ
뷨һֻȫ̶ԴЧ
ΰײ֪Сžţż
ʱƣżŨ
ڣΰʵ̲סˣֱƿĥĥ
һͦѸ˴֮Ь˷š
ΰţվ½һĨȣԺһȻȥ̽ء
½ͷЦص˸ȫ飬ûʲô󰭣ֻƤˣͳԺˡ
ΰ뿪ڵʱԺȻ½ˣ
ˣлܵĹġ½ЦţֻʱЦδﵽ۵ס
½ٺǼΰ׹ϵ˵仰ʱ򣬱ϷƵʵѾСˡ
ã½ͱ취ʾȨˡ
ʡЩèϲԼݡ
Ժð뷨һݡ
ΰע⵽ˣ֪ڳԴף֧첲ײײԷʾԷֵ㡣
׹ΰҪ˼еĴֶ˼֡
ΰ׾ʲô˼
Ұô
²۵ʱ½˳ӦȷʵϾǸͬѧǰͬ
⻰˲˵ҧгݵζͬ
ΰ׺һôֱ꣬˽ⲻԷԸ
ӣѾǼ򵥵ĳԴףǴ̳ӶƷˡ
ȥ㲻˻ȴ
ʶԣΰ׺½˵˾䡰˼ͰطѸٹš
ţΰ׵ſڣḧ˼ؿڣӰֻͬѣ
ĽëӳϣԵίֿ㶼ûк˵
ΰʶصǾͨѣʲô˵ġ
⻰һ۾˲ˡ
Ϊ½ôе˹ϵܺá
ԭֻͨѶѣ
ı仯֮ΰײЦ𣿡
գգۣ浽ִţڣ
ΰⲻ˶ԷԻ·оⳡΣˣһ
Ȼΰ׸˵ʵ̫ˡ
½Լղ˵һΰ׶֣عæķš
¥¶ˣ½˵ֻͨʾż
ΰŲڶͷҪˡ
Ҫ֪Ÿհ׾á
½ͬһ
ΰˣȥ½˵
ΰҪߣΪΰҪȥ½ˣһڷæסԷĸ첲
ΰû뵽קһ׼ûУֱӱקһ¡
״ΰ׻ˤţæקﻤš
ΰ׻عԼͷʵ
ΰףֱӵ룬λεռҲȥ½
⻰ΰǺǺЦҲȥ½˵һֱš
ߵԸľ£˾ͻԼ˵ġ
Ĵ̫Ũΰ׵ȥԷĻ硣
ʱ˴Ҫһˡ
ԹȺǿϲĹ¡
ΰײΪµĵ֮һֻúҲȥϢ˵԰ɣ
ףԡ
һǰһȥɳ¡
ΰͳֻʼ½Ϣ
鷳ˣôġ
½΢ʾͳֻ
Ϊῴΰ׷Ϣ
ݵʱֱӾˡ
½ܿͰһϢ
ûΪɣҿոպ
ΰյϢ½еָܸоԷе̲衣
ʵϣ½ǹô˵ġ
Բһѣƻΰе
ϧ½עǴˡ
ʲôӣΰ˽ⲻˡ
ûб򣬾гͻҲʰ
½꣬һӦΰ˵󻰡
ˣôΪʰһ
Ϊΰ˵úˣ½üţֻðնԷ˼뿪
¥£¥ϵĶûˣ˲ջسĿ⡣
ԭţ¼յĻᣬԺΰϵ
һȵ¼ƽʶԷҪҪչ
û뵽ΰ׺Ȼֹϵ
ΰе뷨٣򲻸Һ˵ģֱ̫ͷ϶
ɹΰ׵һһ
һһ൱ء
½ûдţͰսĿ̣δɵ¼ơ
Ȧˣû뾳ʸ
£ֻܺ͵һ
½ΰ׼в˵ʱһ⡣
Щèͻڳغΰ״Ϲϵ
붼֪ȵڽĿ֮󣬿϶һѷ˿󺰡𡱡
棬̲סüͷ
ȵĿ죬ҪùزǱ߶ϵ
ΰ׶ûCPۣ½ҲС
뵽£Щɥ
ΰ׵ʲôʱܸһ֡
۶լ
ԴϴϵȴФܾ֮үӵѾա
ûţֳԽԽ⡣
Щ⣬үӲòеصŵ˶
ΪѾ˺ö꣬ٴν빤״̬үӻֲϰߵġ
ʱ䣬벻ˡ
Ȼүȥϵֻܽš
ֱ죬̲סˣǶѼֵ飬ϸ˵绰
ʱר־žͷΰףټֻѾûע⵽үͨ绰
үӵ˰죬Ǳû˽ӣΪڹǡ
û취ֻѹŭ绰
үţ绰һΣѾˡ
Ӧý˰ɡ



129 үӷ 
ϵǣûӵ绰
үӴδԴһʱŭǷꡣ
ôûΪΰǸϷӣȻ̶ֳȣ˵붼Ϊ
ȻڲǺƽʱ
ڵӹǣסܲõĹǿȡ
үΪ˴룬ֻѹͷȼյŭ𣬼Ф绰
ϧڵעȫΰϣû˼ָˡ
´һٱ飬ȴүӵͬĽ
ƫƫүǸаġ
һ鲻ӣүӾҪ顣
֮үӾͺˣҪԷӵ绰ͣ
үרעҽùṳ̂鷿벽
Ϊɷں£Цӯӯҽãòʱ򣬽ֻļҳ
䲻̫
ƻ䣬Ͼʧ䡣
֮⣬Щ
֪ϲ񣬶ӡȽһ㡣
ʵϣҲϲϲ˵̵ĳ
үƻǰڳס
Ҫ֪үӸϲ
治֪Щʲô
ڶλã䵣Լ뷨ᱻԷ֣ܿͽĨȥ
һǳҪ顣
ܴһûŮҡһΪүӵҷˣԹɫ¯ࡣ
ʲôƽһ۾ܲˡ
׽һ̲סһЦ
ЦЩ֣Цʲô
⻰ǺЦ
²Ǹɵӡ
Ƶ棬Ȼҹ¶֮ɫ
ٲҲүӵĺϷӣ治֪ǲǽˮˡ
̧۾ƼɫЩѿѹŭӣԲ䣬ˡ
ԣеɻǵڴʲôգ
ֹӣɫڣͲҪˣûУ辿ôġ
Īѵһ٣ֱίˡ
֪Լǲƣݶʡ
Ҫүͺˡ
ڳѹţ̫ſ϶
˼֮ʣ˲֪ٱ̾˿񽻻һĿ֮Ρ
ȥߣ˼¶Էֱʾο
״ֱżŭ
ȻƸϲ񣬲޽ҡ
뵽սȭͷҸʱ䣬˽¼үӡ
ɲ뱻үүȥЩͷ
լ΢¼ֳҲ
⼸εĽ棬½͸Ը
˵˾ǸСҪΰ̫ܵͻ׵òС
¼ƽĿҶʲô͸ΰ׼вˡ
⣬Ѿˡ
Ǹ½Ц
Цһΰ׶ʱ̧Դһɻʵʲô
½Цݣ»صû£ųԡ
ΰ׵ĺıˣ½ϸô£·иСëӣûš
Ƴ½ҪвˣΰֻоͷƤ顣
棬ʲô
½㣬ֱ뺦
ΰ׼æס˵һû꣬ҼˣԼԵɡ
½ԣŤʵԭʦôҰ̫ˡ
ΰ⻰̲סüͷ˵Щʲô߰Ķ
½ʼװɵ㶣ֻԼܳ顣
ΰ׸оûԱ졣
Ŀᱻ½˿Ҳˡ
˽˹ˣԴҩƵġ
½£ΰ׸ɴ˵ҳԱˣȥȦʳԡ
˵겻½Ļᣬΰ׾ֱ߳ݡ
½׷ȥΪͱֵ̫ˡ
ֻܼλϣĿȥ
ΰȥ棬һ
״תͷݣΰ׵ӰʦصӣҺ˵¡
ݲֻܰնԷ˼Ըȥ
ȷϸΰ׵Ӱصˣŷĵ߳ȥ
ΰţоڸԼʶͷһۡ
ԷӰʦˣΰǾŭ¼ƽĿôܹң
ԣקûӰʦ𣿡
ѣΰŷӰʦȷʵӰˡ
ڴ֮ǰΰһֱΪӰʦ
ûоͷԣΰ׽ŷ
һкͰקΰе㲻ˬ
ѹסͷĴ⣬ģ½öࡣ
ΰԣǺǺЦУܲھͷǰ˼Ұɫɣ

׹ףǹȴȥ
˿Դΰ׼ϣС˵֪Լ̫Եܾܲܿ
½ǹģ׷㣬ҡ
Уʲôʱܸһ֣
Խ˵ԽԼ
벻ףΰױŤĵġ
òãֱ˵ˡ
ΰױŲ˵֪֮⡣
ֱΰƯĴ۾쳣ִŵǸϰɣ㡣
ÿ˵𸴺⣬ΰ׾ʶҪӱܡ
ԭڣûԼ˼
ȻҲ⡣
ΰ룬ȰŪȥ»ؼ˵
Ϊ棬ʱŷĹ⡣
ϲӣΰﲻС
ֻȨ֮ơ
ǵΰ¼ƽĿ̫ã˵꼸Ͱ˷Żȥˡ
صΰ׵ķ䣬ͳֻүӸʮ绰ü
ҪҪظ绰ʱүִˡ
þˣֱӽʵ£
үӶ˶٣ܻڳӲˣүүˣ
ĬĬֻԶ˵㣬ȵүӺˣŰֻڶϣûҾ͹ˡ
үԣæȵȣ
ĩˣү˼òײѹŭŲ¶ϰɡ
һЦ֮֮ȥʲô
үӣһûиҹǵðѻ˵ô
ôѿҰѻ˵
㡪
ΪˣүӲ÷ϢֻӲ
֪úŪֻԷΪҲٱҽΰǸϲ̨ϷӣǾԲ޽Ǽңҵϱ



130 Ļð 
үˣɲĸ߸ϵ̬쳣Ц
ţүӴδΰӦеأҲûҪԷӡ
ס˼ɤӣ˵һ䣺үү˰µ̬ȣ
үԭѾ˴𰸡
ʱ䣬½ӶðƱ֮ǰһء
Ҫ֪ƱһʧĿǹɶǰ׻Ǯš
үҲ޼¡
⣬ɶѾүʩ˲ѹ
λҪӵүүôܷϵȥµŵܲá
Ц˰µ̬ȣҾûҪȥˡ
ĩˣⲹ˷ʱ䡣
үԣǰһ󷢺ڣβŻҿүү
üѵõɵص
谭ΰ׵ˣվĶ档
үүҲͬɨԴ
뷨ûȶԷڣһ˵ѾҵˣҰڳס
ү⻰Ѫѹһ
ҪϹܼۼֿ죬үӵµ˲䣬һȥסҪˤڵˡ
үӷɳ£ϹܼҼæҩ䡣
ҩϹܼװһˮһݹȥүӡ
үӳҩɳϻ˻ǰ𽥻ָ
ʱͻȻһ䣺һ£ˡ
үöԷȵȣûгڣ߾绰Ҷϵ
ϹܼҼ״оʮأүӻûռϷ磬ûǰⷢ
ΣүӺ걭ˮŹȲΡΡ׼طš
ϹܼҸհ鷿Ŵ򿪣䲻֪ĸͻȻĳ
үӱһոսѪѹơ
λֽݵС㣬ϹܼҲôϲ
ڼүӣϹֱܼӿС㣬̫ðʧˡ
֮⣬˵ûаСĶׯ̬
ϹܼұΪѻ˵ϣûģ֪Ҫ㡣
ƫƫǸɵģл
Ϲܼһ䣬ʹȥүǰקŶԷĸ첲үүǱɿ𣿡
үβȣⱻקһġ
ҪϹܼҷţܰקȥ
ɵ椵ӣ˿ûйүӵĸܣϹܼҾһС㣬ү岻ÿҪطϢˡ
ϹܼѣŷүɫԾźʮꡣ
Щ֣үүôˣ
Ϲܼûлش𣬷үƹ䣬Գүӵķȥ
ع׷ȥ
ΪүӲ·ʮֻ
ϹܼһԷţٶҲûڹ쵽ȥ
£νǲѴ֮׷ǰˡ
ǰ·䵲סүӲòͣ䣬岻вУ
ԣߵĻ˲˵ˡ
ţò˦¥ţеʱԺүġ
˭룬үӾȻô첻
ŷַӶпܱȥүӣֻòʲԸ˵ðɣȥϢ´ġ
һߣΰԺӸɢ˻ͻˡ
̤֮ǰΰ̽˸ͷȥ۲
½ڣֻפαΰ׷ĵ˽ȥ
ΰ׸ո£ͼ½˽ﻹһִֺĲݮ
Ŀԣ½͸ħƵģӻûü˼Ѿһΰȥ
ΰǡиλ½
ݮмҿΰ׵λãƵĴȥΰǰҼǵøǻ˵ϲݮ
ΰȷʵϲݮ½ھͷǰֵ̫׽װ벻ӣ˵𣿡
½ͷȫȥҰʱ㲻ǵˣ
ΰ׼һǸЦݣһ治ǵˡ
˵겻½ڵĻᣬΰֵǰԶˣҲϲݮˡ
½ԣۿɼʧ
½ܿ˳ģϷɣ
Ļðô
ռôϷӦöɣ
˷׷׵ͷ
ĿϷУӦӲٿ㣬ͬˡ
ԱṩҪõĵߡơƿϷʽʼ
ΪϷ½ģҾ;￪ʼ
½ƿϣת֮ǰʶɨΰۡ
ΰע⵽ˣԱŲŲλá
½ڿΰһ±ʵҸ
½عҡҡͷû¡
˵֮½ʼתƿ
ʱϣƿֹͣתʱƿܹ׼ΰס
һͿԽ˻ΰ⡣
ϧ첻Ըƿͣƿڶ׼硣
½ûȤ˵һܹȥ
һĻܸо½⡣
˵ֱ½ϷӦǶΰˡ
ʵ֤Ԥʮ׼ȷ
Ŭ˴Сʱ½һ죬ƿڶ׼Լˡ
׽½ļΰײЩš
ֻϷѣ½ô
ΰţԷΪôʱ½ðˣʦĻǴðգ
ΰ׵½ЩֵֹҪ붼ûѡ񣬡Ļ
½оЩϧܱŶԷѡðգֻܵԼ̬
սԿ½˹ʵʦϲ𣿡
һֹΰˣ˶ɵˡ
½ʣҪΰξذ
ΰҪ˵ûУع֮󣬿϶ᱻƭˡ
˵Уҵո죬ܵµӰ졣
֮ΰ˵лûУ
Ϳΰôѡˡ
뵽飬ΰȻҲ뵽ˡ
һʱ䣬ΰ½ϵĿ˼ӡ
˲ǱײɣޣԹΪɣ
ΰ޷ȷֻڵǰҪ⡣
һ˼ǣΰѡ˳ӦģԼ˸С
⻰½õɴ˫ۡ
ô벻ΰ׾Ȼھͷǰˡ
ΰ׾ôϲ
뵽½Щ
Ԥ뷨ΰײ£úһġ
ΰ׳ˣԭƻʩչ
½òᣬһȱȱӡ
һ֪˼ѾϷˡ
ҹɫĿоز¼ƵòˣͷǻȥϢˡ
ǰȥΰ׷䣬
Ȼΰ׸ϵ¥ͱ½סˡ



131 ׻ 
ΰ̧۾½ϵĿǾ裬£
½ԣЦ͸ſɬʦֻģʲôģɲضұôľ衣
ǰ½ڳ̬ΰ׻ͻ
ǼʶԷ˻ӣΰ׾Ӱ
½ô˵ΰ׵ľĲû֮ǰ˼֡
뵽Ǹ̳ڷΰ׳һͷ
Ϊ˾½ΰ׸ɴֱʵʲô
½תͷɨһΰ׵ķ䣬ʦȷҪģ
׹½ʲô˼ΰתһߡ
½״׷ȥ
Ⱦͷΰͣ½Ųɫڣڿ˵𣿡
½ɤӣЩڴʦǰ˵Ǹ£Ҫҵղ˵ˣϲˣǲǿΪҰµĴ㣿
ΰԣһĨ졣
ղĻðգ½Ǹ⣬Ϊ½ǶޣŻ˸ӵ
˭룬½ء
ΰǺǺЦ̲ס˸ۻص½Ѿ˵ܶˡҲϲ㣬ҪҰ£Ҳûκιϵ
½Һȣ
ΰ׷һЦǲͷѾشˡ
½򴽣ֱֱΰ׵۾˵ȷʵû취ΪУ½Ҽҷᾭ顣
ôᶨѡǲΪǮ
Ҫ룬үڰǣһĻԺûаˡ
½˵ÿģΪΰ׿ǡ
ûʲôоСͻᱻ½жˡ
ΰ׻ӣ½ǵС˼ͱˡ
ΰûش½ò϶ܴһС
½̾˿ϴԶ׼įΰףĲܸһλҺƽ
⻰ΰ붼û͸ܾˣǸûĴ㡣
½ģɼֵԸ⵱ıֻ̥Ҫϸһᡣ
ΰԣüͷ˻𣿡
½Ҫΰײٰʱ˷޹ؽҪϣֱתߡ
½״æקסΰף һĻҿ̺ͼ˵ûк֮ǡ
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼ޸ܣлл
ĩˣΰ˦˦½קסĸ첲ſ
½ţ֪ļԲȶĵ
ΰ׵ע£½鲻Ըɿ˶Է
ΰػɣһʱԼķȥ
Ϊ½׷Ҫͣΰȫ̶ڼӿµĲ
ԶԶȥǽӣ֪ĻΪй׷
ΰȲ뿪ıӰ½Ķʱ˼ꡣ
ΰ׻ص䣬ƿŽȥֻ֮𼱻ǵطš
ΰ׵ı̫оԾʵôˣ
ΰҡҡͷû¡
˽⣬Է֪½Լĵ£϶ָ׸Ƶģ¶ɢζ
ΰײ뱻ᣬԲ߶Էʲô¡
ȻôúŪġ
ΰ˵ǣѹͲš
ԭڣȥ̽ʱΰÿչܿġ
һ·һߺСǳʱ򻹻£·һֻСӡ
ʱʾ⣬ΰ׻Ц°Ŀ֡
Աڵΰףֲòһǰ
ԽԽ֡
ȵΰ£ȥԷʵû£
ΰ׵ͷżζĿ£»һ䣺û¡
ţܱΰףֻװŵӡ
ΰǾǿʱҲʲõϢ
Ҹᣬ·һΰס
ţõΰ¼ƽŻ֡
˭룬һԶˡ
ֻΰͻȻȾưɡ
˶٣żֳɣȷ
ĩˣѵ㻹а¼ơ
ΰ׹ǣΪصС飬ȶͺá
ԣ̲סЦˡ
ΰһľС顣
ڱȷʵС飬ǻΰ׾ͱ˺ˡ
ãλ׻ˡ
뷨ƿ
Ƶ߽űְһݸΰףֱӺȻ䣿
ΰΪ½ŵķȫûͻֱ֣Ӻȡ
ӹǱƣΰԴһԲѾƹ
ΰӣнζ
һĻ϶ΰ׿϶»ͦأԷ
Ϊ˾Ūô£ֻܺļơ
ôʶȤΰֶ˸ޡ
ţڶ¶ǡ
ΰǸȾƷǳͷʡ
ûãΰ׾͸оͷεģǰһжڻζ
ΰ׻εܣļ򣬳ɤѵˡ
ЦûصûΣȶˡ
ΰԣüͷһ˵ûȶ࣡
ɴ˿Կ϶ΰѾƵ״̬
ʱ׻õʱ
˳ƺúúãûȶࡣ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬƭСñţȻûȶ࣬϶ǵøղŷ£԰ɣ
ΰѾˣӷӦ
£ΰ׸ʶڸڿӡ
䣬ΰ׾ظ˵Ȼǵá
׼ʱΰ׾һԶˡ
Ҫˣ½ʱŻҡ
һα׵ʱҾͺ˵ϲ͸˻ƵģһֱҲţҪҸᡣ
ţ˵˲㣬Ҫҵ̥
ⲻװŶЩʲô
ǺǺЦ
½ûһֱΰײš
˵ΰô½ȫûаѶԷڿǷΧڡ
ΰ׽ǻֳ˲²⡣
սԿ̽ʵղǲˣ
ΰգգۣǾȣô֪
Ϊͷۻΰ˵ʱ̲ס˻ԴԵ쳣ɰ
ȵĸζҲһʱ䶼ԼҪ˵ʲôˡ
Σعסΰ׵ֹԼˣżʵ˵ʲôˣ
ΰЦЦƤػص¡
һ֮ңƫƫΰؼʱӣ͸Ƶģûš
ûΰױȤô˵
ʾҲ²ʦܸܲң
ΰüֳС飬㲻Ǻܴ𣿡



132 ˮһ 
˶٣סΰǵС⣬ǺǺЦʦû뵽ôǳ𡣡
ΰĿֻԼҵӣӶڲ֡
ԣʼʩסΰһա
Ҫ̫ɣҪ־͹ΰڵӣըëʵ̫ɰˡ
ŬȥƣǿƲסǵȤζ
ţΰ׺ˣ֮϶ǵڵ顣
ΰˣҲʲôӰ졣
ѵãûΰף̫ϧˡ
뷨ǣ·ƭСѵĹ壬ʲôʱ˵ԼǾӣ
ΰ׳κԴ˼β̧ɵ۾ Ŷ
ûڣΰյô죿
ԣŵͣ·һˣһպںõ£ҾͲҪЩˣ֮ǰԼ£ǲ
ΰ׵ӻ״̬֪ڿ
ŶԷΰ׻ΪԷں˵ʲô¡
˵꣬ΰСƵĵͷǡ
õҪĴ𰸣۾ϲõϢҲȱȥϴ裬Ҫ飬ǿġ
ΰסƬ̣泶졣
ע£ΰ˿ûвԼѾΣվء
ԹԵؽ⿪ƤƤ˳
״۾̹⣬·𱻶˺ܾõǣڿˡ
һʱ䣬˶΢΢
ΪǸ־ᶨˡ
ǶһѾĳ˵ϲǰεȴԲţĥ̶ȼֱʮ̡
лˣֲҵ»ݣôܲ
ΰ׵ĸ첲ڼϣӽԷ
Ϊ䲻û߼ͽԡ档
ʩȽϼªԡһԡ豸
ԡףӰӶûС
ţ˷Žԡ
ΰ־壬Ϳ˳ˮ۵ظԷϴ衣
˭룬ò׵ᣬȴϡ
ûа취ֻܺΰϴ費㣬ֺ˾ƣһϴܻԼϴòã
ղţΰѾû˼Ȼ˵ʲôʲô
ΰ׹ɵӣֿʼˡ
ûǵö֣ΰ۾һվ˯ȥˡ
סƬ̣عæλζԷļ
һ̽һΰǷ˯ˣΰ˯ˣͿԻѶԷ
˭룬ΰ˯ô
ôΣΰ׶˫۽գȫûļ
˰죬òջ֡
뵽ڲǰΪԼڿԳͣ͸о쳣
Ȼٲˬֻˡ
ϾΪԼһʱ䣬˯еΰס
һΰ񾲵˯գ̾˿
ĩˣת߽ԡңšˮͷʼϴˮ衣
Լ˰СʱˮмżԸеĵͺ𣬽ˡ
Ҳ˲ͷϴɢС۾硣
ͬһʱ䣬Զڵ۶үӻû˯š
ʱ򣬼Ǳլ㱨˵ǰʱڹ¹©
үֻ꣬о˶Ϳˣ봦Щ顣
ȻڵָʾֲܰһԲܡ
֮£үֻǿŴ顣
ȵλһߣԼķϹܼ֪ͨȥҪϢ졣
˭ң˵ڼҡ
뵽ٲ֣С̼ٻǵȥɻүӾͷۣûгԣڷš
˼ȥүӾӣˡ
ү֮ͨûмʧߡ
Ϊǰҹʧߣүӵڶˡ
¥Թ緹ͼӶ˽
үЩ⣬䣬ôô͹ˣ
ЦЦүӶλã˫صүүе£ȥ鷿˵𣿡
ԵСүǺܿݵġ
Ҫһ㲻ܾ
ȻҲ⡣
ү΢΢֮Ź¥ݡ
״æȥ
鷿ȲʵүүǱɿ𣿡
⻰үӲЩĺ
ÿιһ䡰硰һ䡱硱δĹΡ
ûǴϴʱײ˵ġ
ɫôѿ£Ӷĺ硣
үԽԽĺɫѿ
ڲԹɫȱûע⵽үӵ仯ԼүӲûشֻ𼱻һ飺Ǳɿ𣿡
үԣǸιİǡ
һӡүӾ;ôô˳ۡ
ڴҰĵ۾үӲصͺĻ²Ҫˡ
סعŭʵƾʲô
үӳ˵ˣ飬İɡ
俪ڵĻᣬүֵҲǷʲô
ըˣүү˵Ҫġҵô꣬вǷʲô
үŹȻҾͺүү˵ոɫ˼ҡ
⻰һ·Ƶйˡ
оүӲڿЦ伱ˡ
뵽Щүүȥýʲô³һĸղżߵ̬ȣ˵үүûðҵ˼
ǰүӻȥ
Ǽʶ䷭˵ĳªүȻǰ
ү޶ԣֻüŶԷ
Ȼ˵һͨûүӻһ²ؼӡ
ˣɴˡ
үӽ鲻ãȥûЧ
Ȼҡ
ʱүˣ׶ˡ
ˡ
ⲻ֪߳鷿һ룬үӾͰϹܼҺԸԺң˵Ҳڡ
ϹܼҵͷõġӦˡ
ţүֻ˸绰
Ϊ֮ǰܾöΣүѾ׼
һǱ߹Ȼϣûнӵ绰
үû٣ִ˹ȥ
Сʱ֮ǰΰ׽յ¼ƣʰΪؼ׼
һʱļͥ򣬸Ѿʮ죬ʰȻڻ¡
ΰ׿ڣԾһ԰ʰ
ټֻ˾ģʽûзүӴĵ绰
ȻˣҲȥӵ绰
ԣΰײҪġ
ʰɳϢ
ͳֻүӵδӵ绰ʮü



133 ò 
תͷĿΰϣţүүղŸҴ绰ûӵҸعȥ
ΰ̧۾ǿš
ԣЦӦõģš
ΰ׵ɴ۾㡪
ꡣʳָڴϣһһ˵ȸүүص绰
áΰ׳ıӰ˻ȭͷ
ҪҪ죬÷ǾסԷĶúýѵһٲɡ
ǸΰײЩϧ
˼ȥΰ׾ȶԷ绰һҪˡ
뷨ΰſڴˢ΢ʱʱһעԷĶ
ͨ绰մȥͱүӽ
ǰô绰ûнӣүȻ
ʮ£۶ѹȥ
˿һЦʵæʲôأ
ԣüص£
˽⣬λǡ²үӺ˽õĴʽʽ˶ʮɴûм
쳣棬үӺ«﾿ʲôҩȻүӽηŵ͵̶ȡ
Լ˵꣬үû̲֨סߴٵҵΪʲô£
үԣҧҧصԵһ޾
ˣҪһλܹǰܲá
岻ܲסټļš
үүʹˣܲסôǿȵĹ
ݹ£ֻܵ˴Σͻɡ
ЦүүϿ̫Цˡ֮֮ȥ浱ҵĹɣ
⻰үбҪѻ˵𣿡
ʵˣҪ־͹̫ѿ
ү˲ֻܷӲѹͷŭ𣬼һεЦݣһд֣һûҪýš
Ϊ˹Ȥүֻ˵ԷĶүүѾȡҽõˡ
Ժ˭飬үүû
˰ɣ
˵ǣţ̽ģ
үӺԥӦġ
ȷʵ˵˭鶼ԡ
ҳвϣһˡ
ΰϲ̨ϷӣǾԲϵġ
ڹ˵ģɣΪʱˡ
үСžţûв
ƾүӵ˽⣬¶Է˵жûŶԷ˵ǡ
»صŹȷʵƻڵ顣
˳Ӧаɡ
˵˵ڽ˵ͨˣүһ
˵ģҪٲүӸоԼʮꡣ
ĿĴɣүӲȥ˸ھͰѵ绰Ҷˡ
ֻתϵˣҪ¥𣿡
ΰûлش𣬶˵һ£үӴ绰ˣ
ףˣҪ˵
ΰ׵ͷӦǰ
ɻĿУΰ´
ţߵԡ
ȷ޷Ѹײڶ֮ƾסԷĶ䣬ʱ뷽һš
üͷһʹһѯʣţôˣ
ûиĵƺΰŭֶ˼֡
Ȼ֪Լ׵ĵġ
ΰ׾ըҲǰˡ
Ŀԣΰ׹׺ݵĥĥ㻹˼ʣ
ãȻ
ΰ׼״̲ס˸ۡ
˰죬֪ʲô
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼǸӡ
ЦݣλεֺãˣӾӰɡ
ΰ׹˹ӣССϴͦ졣
û壬˵ʲô
⻰ΰװڳװͰ͵ı飬˵
һЦƺţţ
ΰȫû뵽ܲҪ̶ֳȡ
˵ƤЦġ
ѹ˼˵Ҫɣ˲Ҫ޵С
ΰ׷ˣɴֱ˵š
ΰĵġ
һʱ䣬Щɥ
Ѿϣΰ׻ǲԭǰΪ
̾˿˼
ΰ׼״ЩΡ
Ҳû˵رֵĻô⸱ˣ
֪ĻΪǸĺ
ΰ룬ɳ¡
ĩˣȥԷԣЦ˵һ䣺㲻ôС˰ɡ
ʲôû˵ֻǾΰס
Ŀ⣬ΰײ֪ôģȻ˼顣
ֵӣֱҵӻˡ
ΰӲͷƤ˲ӣмܲסˡ
ۿûпڵ˼ΰֻòˣԺԸ⺰ʲôʲô˰ɣ
õҪĴ𰸣ˡ
ϼþյĵûټȥ
սԿѹĻȣװӻһ䣺ԡ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬֵš
ƺһΰεýָͷ̲סַӾܿٳһ޴ĳǱ
ΰͻͻֱ̫Ѩ
˼סֹĳ嶯
ΰţ۲Ĳɴ಻ȥ
¥˵ΰ׾뿪ũСԺ
뾵ͷֻһ·ƿӰʦǰߡ
ȵΰ¼һĻͷȥ
һߣؼȻҪй
²ú˵˼ȥ񺰵
ӵ绰ʱ򣬱ǲȥġ
ǵ֪˵£ͼ޽йϵӦԼ
òԶܿ͵ˡ
˫һ棬һĻû˵ֱӽ⣬ҽȥүүǱɿûУҪȡ
Ҳ֪ڿЦġ
ģҾ군ˡ
⻰ɫҲűˡ
үӶԴŮֻõ̬
֪Ҫȡ£϶Ȳذȥ
Щý³̲ס˸
תһ룬ưųıӦòýҡ
ҲǺͷ
䣬ο׶༪ˡ
뵽ɫЩ
䷢Լ˵꣬ıȫûб仯һʱżǿֻţͲүүȥͷ𣿡
Цʮֵȱ˵ˡ
ɻĿУʵүΪʲôͻȻĿڣ
˵һŭΰǸ꾫ѺԵүүʩѹ¡
ɫȻӦýؼǡ



134 Ĺ 
̽һ䣺˼ǣΰף
˵û񿪿ڣȷǰеܣһˡ
ΰ׿Ǻļ⣡
ҪǶ绹ðҵƤ
ʷȱ٣Ⲣɵ
Զ׼飬֪ġ
ԣ۵һĨ⡣
ΪǸӣһ¾ˡ
˭룬侹Ȼ֪ΰײ㶯
øԷµˡ
뷨һˣʼһն䣬㲻ΰף϶ġ
룬ûΰ谭ܼ޽ҵٷˡ
ûǴĻŮʱڵԸɡ
˵꣬ı˱仯뷨ʼɶˣ;ѻ
˽⣬ԷĪ
ʵֻ䣬ŮԶڵĵ顣
֪ʹڣ˵νһѪ
䣬Ҫ㲻ܺ飬үү϶ᰲꡣ
үүǸҲ֪Ϊȡ
Ҹȫῼǵġ
ãԷ˵׼ְͻ󡣡
˵ЩȻ֪
үѪѾʶ֪ٴΡ
䲻ΪЩ˱ҵŮӣҪı䵱ҡ
ڣսʤǹɵӣĿᶨʵô
ԣһССĻȣ취Լ롣Ҫǵãնݲ紵
סƬ̣׹еġնݳʲô˼ʱͫһ
𾪹־˵ĺе
ֻҪΰ׻ţ϶
Ψµˣпռġ
뵽˿̧۾˵֪ˣлл
лл˵ñĶҪʵС
ΪãҪѣ޷¶¡
ⲻֻ֪Ϊ˽ΰװˡ
ĿĴɣûȤ˷ʱ䣬˸ڻؼˡ
Ӷνΰףû˼˼ˣʱߵĶ֪
ΪѾϰˣа㲨û
صң£ĸʹ鷿߳ʵСѾͷ˵ʲôˣ
豭˿ˮɤӣŲڣү˵ҪȡҵΪżء
ĸԣɫ˲ˣȡ
ǣƵĸ׵ĸ첲ģһйŰģүүҶô
⻰ĸɤ۵ĲŷŻԭλԶԶԣүˡ
ôõûˣĸܾùֿϧģԲĵʵүô˵ˣѾͷ˵İɡ
ҡҡͷҶ˽⣬˵ѡ
ĸ˼Ƭ̣̽ʵС⡣ȡ£û뷨
꣬΢΢һЦûлشĸ׵⣬͵ƺˡ
Ѿ˼ƻĸûٶ˵ʲô
ԭڣСʹƲ
ĸ벻Ķѡ
һߣΰ׺˵۶
ҪؼңΰԼ֮ǰƭ̲ס㲻дס𣿺αȥǸСӡ
ᵽһ˿˵ϢæתƻʲôҸ
ΰЦǸˮ׼Ҽҳը˾Ͳˡ
Գǵû˿ŭ˿
ǰǸˡ
ΰ׳ź֪ʶԷתƻ⡣
ŬڳµӣЩЦ
ΰױҲûֻǶԼƭе㲻ˬ
СķϣûдԷСϷ
صΰ˵ɳϢһүͨ绰ںһ䣺ү
üôͻȻ
ΰƲƲ죬Һ治𣿡
һЦԼûĳ磬УȻС
ΰףŻش˶Է⣬һŹҵܲá
ΰԣ֮࣬ĵ׻һ˿˿ţʲô˼
û˼ֻӽ͵ȥҪ
˶٣ΰ׻صĴ⣬ϲǼ
ΰˣ
ζţʱŬûа׷ѡ
˿òײſסﲻӿĿϲɤӽ͵ǣ˵֮˳ػȥˡ
ΰ˼صͷûٽӻ
ס˼ע⵽ˡ
ǰ֪Ŷ˵ȻҪ̶ֳȡ
ƭӣǰպ˵ˣҪģ
ΰ֪ΪδС̲סŭ
ǽʱ䣬ΰ׶û
֪ʲôʱܷˡ
Űһɫͽ䴦ȥˡ
ֱٽʱŴ鷿һʶһʵţʲô
ΰĹĵſɳϣû˵
״Ϊΰֻ̫ˣû˵ظһ顣
˭룬֮ȥʼûеΰ׵ĻӦ
ʱʶ̫Ծˡ
ľԵóΰײ˹ˡ
룬ȥԷԶ£ţôˣ
ΰû˵Ĭ
ΰӣֽš
ˣеء
ס˼̽ˣ
ΰ⻰ù˹ӣɤӸǿû
ֻа˳ɰգΰ׵Ļشʮʮİա
Լھˣ
ĵģ֪
µ顣
뵽Щͷۡ
ѵΪһ綼ڴûкúλڣԶԷˣ
룬ǲԭ
սԿ֮սһ˵ԲҲǹģǽ칤е࣬㲻Ҫ˺òã
ΰתͷ㿪ߣӲû
û취ֻܼ֪ˣôǸᡣ
ΰҶ˵û
Ӧ˼ңֻ˳ưúúãû
˵࣬ûҶ˵
һʱ䣬ձýӲ
֪˶ãΰ׺Ȼ˵һ䣺ܻŹܿǲǣ
ʶءǡڵǰһ룬ֱס
˼ΰĵˡ
Ϊ֤Ƿ׼ȷ§סԷļ֤ҲǰֻŹġ



135 Թ 
ǵСžŲƣΰײЩΡ
Ȼΰǿġ
ΪԻ·ڽӵһȥˡ
֮⣬һλǹ
һ綼״̬жȹΰöԷζװûõӡ
״ʱ˼ż
Ԥ룬ΰױ֤֮󣬶ԷͲˡ
˭룬λô
ԽԽ̲꣬ס޶ͷ
ΰע⵽֮໹ЩЦ
ʱƣΰЦǿҡΪ˲֣æͷȥ͵͵ЦЦ
ĩˣΰ̧ͷŸ˭Ƿ
ʱע״ѻ۵׵żҪˡ
ΰ׸ղŵͷ΢΢˼£̲ס²
ΰײ˰ɡ
뵽öͷϿʼð亹
룬˵಻٣ǳĬȥҲǰ취
һ˼ǣɤӣ̽Ժһţ
ΰתͷŬﲻӿЦ⣬ϻðڳװͰ͵ıӦ
ΰԣŰѶԷԼϣϸ֪ˣˣòã
ΰסߡһ°һʵˣ
ΰͻķѣûκ׼סˡ
ľ飬ΪúõǸˣΰײ׷ʾݡ
û뵽ΰ׽쾹ȻƣҪ˵ˡ
סƬ̣عΰڶеĽŨ
ʲܿͰ״̬ˡ
˿òŵ飬һ綼ڷﴦ
ΰԣСӣȻЩθС
̬ôãĵȡ֡
ΰҲװȥˣ˳ƽɫϴ̬ȻķϣҾͲƽˡ
⻰һ
ô๦λںˡ
عں֮ƻ˳Էϣţʲô͹
ΰ룬գŴ۾ǳȥԻɡ
ΰ׵ҪܾȻҲ⡣
˻ط任˯£Կ׳š
ǵΰ׵ְҵԣŶԷһѿĻꡣ
һ겻ζã˽Իܵõϡ
ȥ˸ս£ϰͲˡ
˫棬ϰûдȺΰ״кɩӣþò
ΰ׶ûʲôӡ󣬵Ǽ̬ҲˮòЦЦþò
ΰĵϰתĿ꣬һԳ䵱ⱳ
ΰֵУСŵ΢Թϡ
Ȼΰ׻ĸоʱץһѹӰǡ
һ룬ϰ˸ͣƣʵݸΰףԵ졣
ΰ̧۾¶Щȣȥ£ùҡ
ԣһصǲС
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬֱӰڶԷǰ԰ɣٸ
ΰƲƲ죬СֵҪŲȤҰ˶û˼
⻰Цˡ
Ϊ˱ԼĲùһС룬˹ӿǡ
ʵϣΰǲ˼˵ģѵĿķǡ
ٸǣǵûͬԷвˣﻹһ̵ġ
˵ӣɹϰιһ칷
ſȫ¹ɢζ ϰ̾Ϊֹͬʱﲻͣп
ǰЩȦ²ۣѾ˸ʮʮԣʱۿν֮Աǡ
֪Ǹ޲סڹ˾Ĺ
˹ǹ
ôܱԣ
ҪƻҲñļϰɡ
ֱŷԼ̫ˡ
ֱЩ̸ëͷСӻ¡
𽵹ȥΰװӿǣֲ˹Ļ˭ó
ϰҡҡͷΰϵĿ档
λôסģ
̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ڼǰΰ׻Ȧ򹷡
˭뵽μҵ̨֮ΰײû֮ģҪӦƤҩƵĲ˼Ҳš
Ǿˡ
ϰĿ̫ԣΰҪԹȥѡ
ԥ˼룬ΰ̧۾ʵʲôҪ˵𣿡
ϰ뿪ڣȻƳڶĿ൱ơ
ΰ׶˵仰Ҫ̻Ƶġ
£ϰֻԼĺģװʲôûӣû¡
ˣϰϵ顣
ΰЩСԹϡ
ûãһԱŹףһԱװ˵Сһǰһˡ
ΰŵζ۾˲
ע⵽ˣЦŵ٩һ䣺Сè
ֻʱΰԲκθо
еڣЩ˼
Ƴϰ°ͣȤζؿ߳ŭ£ȥһ⡣
˿תͷһίԵˣţҸ
ֱ˵ΰˡ
ΰײ֪ôӻɴͷװ
֪Լôλˣʸ
չȥʵôˣ
ΰ׵ͷƿǿԴ
ڻڣֻ̫֣סԷ֣ѹ㲻˵ô֪Լʲô
ΰױòУòڵû
ţֲöʣֻܰʱ׼ؼʡ
һߣԴӼ֮󣬾ĥνΰնݳ
֪Ϊʵ̫ȥΰ谭ˣһֱڱŽ˼¡
֪ΰٹþҪ¾Ϸϸж籾֮󣬾ǸܺõĻᡣ
Ҫڿ֮ǰ򼸸ĹԱ
һźʵʩļƻ
үǰĿأνǼܳС
үӶ˺ܴ֮ÿ¶ܴһ㻨Ǯ
仨ʱ򣬾ͻǮ
ǱǮ˺ȥ
ʱͷԵΰ׻֪Ѿ䶢ˣҶԷҪģ
ΰ׳Ա㣬ƳΪչһֱûôԣЩ˼ҳԺˣϽ԰ɡ
ΰ仰ר־
ΰ׺˲ٹ֭Ժܿȥˡ
к߳䣬ָʾƳȥ
ˣΰ߳䣬ͷϴ֡
ɾϴҺΰ׸ֱͷԼ󣬲֪ʲôʱ˸ˡ



136 Ҫ췴 
ΰ׵һ
Σؿµ½֪֪˻ˣ
½ԣǸ⣬Ǹֻк
ΰ׳ֽһ߲ϵˮһķ˸ۣкˣôߣ
⻰½ֳɬЦʦΪҺףѶԸ𣿡
ΰüͷ½ϵĿżֲãǰװҲס
УΪʲôԸѣûACD𣿡
һķϣȰòҪĴˡ
ûҺҲǲܵġ
ΰ׾ãѾѻ˵ϣ½Ҫ棬Ӧþȥ
鲢ûзչ
½֮ﲻߣһִʵΪʲô
ΰԣ˿òײѹͷķ꣬ӽ͵Ҳϲ㣬𣿡
˵겻½ڵĻᣬΰֵѾ˵ܶ飬㲻Ҫװûòã
½пʵ
ΰÿ˵ʱ½Լװʲôû
Ȼΰһһǿеװȥˡ
ľ飬½ֻ֪Լһڳͻ˵ãȻĶԺܼ𣿡
Ϊΰ½ÿװ𣺡ҸմӹãǰܶѶԶˣҲûѡ
˵ΰѧʱõĻ䣬ɱˡ
ΰֺܵԼɿڣ½е뷨
뵽ΰľС
һ˼ǣΰ׾õͨѣӦþ½õĽ֡
̧۾صͨѿԣ̸
½Ŀģǰˤķѵģˡ
ţΰԸѣζûг׳֡
ΰϧ
սԿ½ѹͷӿļڳòЦãǾ͵ͨѡ
ΰ׼״ΪԷķˣ˾衣
½׵ĳΰεýָͷˡ
⺮˼䣬ΰ׾Ҹڣ֮󼪡
½֪ڲǼƽϵʱ򣬼װΰ׻ķܣЦغͶԷ
ĩˣ½վԭأǵӰԶȥ
ΪĻᱻΰײķǷ֮벢û½ǿۣͰ˻
ΰ߳һξ룬½û׷ų˶ԷĻ
ǰ½˵Ȼ
ΰ׻ص䣬ظı鱻ע⵽ˣ˶Էע⡣
ڳѯΰô£ֻͬƽ˵һ䣺ˣ
ΰ׵ͷЦЦֵ֪ʣôվǰ㿴
Ҫӵԭΰ׵㵽Ϊֹûٶ˵
Ƴ˳Եòˣΰ׸оٷ׼ɢˣûСżԹϡ
ΰϣ²ӵʱ䣬ϰˣɩӣллдһ£ˡ
ΰòЦЦߡ
Ŀϰ߳䣬ΰ׻عͷԵˣԺ𣿡
ףԺˣ߰ɡ
˳ΰ׸ղı֣һ䣺ţȥʱʲô𣿡
ͻȻʣΰû׼ⷴӦ
عŵһӿ
˽⣬ԷνǸʮʮĴ׾
Ҫ֪ղ½˼䣬ָô׳ʲô
ʱҪҪˡ
ΰײǩ¡ɥȨЭ飬»صû˰
̫ţΰƶӣ뷨ֲ˶ҡ
˼ѡֱ
ΰǸ飬Ӧ˵ġ
˳ΰײ֪˼·ܿͽĿ½ϡ
֪ΰǾʱ̽϶̽õϢ
װΰ׵ĻͶԷ⡣
ΰ׼״Ϊûģһ
շɾ裬Ȼһ䣺ȥʱǲ½ˣ
ΰӷӦ죬ͫ׵֮ѿڶô֪
£ΰʶԼ˸ס
ۿסˣΰ׸ɴƹˤͷһװ
Ѿˣ˵Щʲôװû
״ǺǺЦ
ΰ̫ˣˡ
ΰΪû취ˣ
ǣ档
Цһ
ǵռ̫СʩչصٺͶԷˡ
ڴ֮ǰʲôԴΰףöԷ
ӹΰ׷û˶ʮ֡
˽⣬ԷɲϢ˵ӡ
ķչ켣Ӧ˲Ŷԡ
֣ʵ̫ˡ
ΰԽԽòԾش
˭룬й۲óʱ䣬û쳣֮
ѵ׷ƪˣ
뷨ðͱΰ׷ˡ
Ҫ֪ɱ̫߳ĸʻС
ֱΰף϶ڱС
ȫΰ׶ûҷɾ衣
쵽ſˣǸƵı顣
£ΰ׿ʼҡˡ
ãΪСƻ飿
ʱƣΰ׽𽥷
˼ţΰΪ·ƪˣɳһˣϷ
˭룬ָ˼ӣΰ׾͸оڿˡ
ΰסƬ̣عŷ֣ԼƵķ˼ϡ
Ʋ
вˤȥŵء
ԭװⲢܱ֤ˤ֮󣬲ֻݵ
ǸΰֻܿסĽ겻ߡ
ֱڴϣ˫ȿʼˣ
ⲻֱ֨ΰ׵۾
ĿԣΰĪһ˿顣
ԣǱ۸ˣʲô
뵽ΰ°ͣ׳ŵӾˣ̫ǰɣٲſңҾͰɨسţ
ǰ⻰Ҫˡ
ڲһˣ֪ΰġ
ڵǰ龳ΰ˵Ϊв
ΰǵСžţһ۾Ϳˡ
޿֣յΰǰ׵ĵطͣЦã
ΰ׹˹ӣӲҼֱҪ̫á
üΰ׵˵ѼӲ
ĩˣֵ̹״ӿܴϣϽʵ
ΰЦˣʲô
ѵ½¡
ΰƲƲ죬ò˼䡣



137 Ͳ۲ 
ΰ˵򵥡
ΰ׵˽⣬½ֻǺ˼䣬Էظı顣
뵽ɫʵȷֻ˼䣿
ΰ⻰һĨ顣
ΪĻᱻ֣ΰ׺ܿͽĨڸȥ
ĩˣ»֣ȷ
ԣЦЦСѿǻᱻͷŶ
ĿԣΰͷһӲͷƤֵûѣҡ
۾ظһǸ⣬ȷֻ˼䣿
ӵĿ⣬ΰ׵Ũ
ǵЦѾµȥΰ׵ܿʹﵽ˶塣
ΰ׵ʲܺãûþͿʼмܲסˡ
Ȼⳡġսڼ
ΰհƹˤ˼ѣбҪŪúһ𣿡
ΰҪˣˣæסƣţ֪Ҳ˼
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬⲹֻ֪½˵ʲô
ΰ׷˸ۣǲͷǺѼ䣬𣿡
ΰѾٷŭıԵüȥ̫ֻܰסеĴ⣬װ˵һ䣺úúãˡ
ڴ֮ǰΰװͲ̱졣
ǶԷò֮˼Ρ
Ǹ̳ɾӣŪ϶ܲ
㲻ýҪʧˡ
ȥ޷ߵҳΰˡ
սԿΰתͷſһŤ½˵ˣȻҶû˼ѡ
˵ͨѿԣ̸
ͬˣûټңӦġ
ͬΰ׵Ĺ۵㡣
ͬΪΰ׵׷ߣֱ½Ϊˡ
ʱͿšѡݣΰǰˢ˴ڸУĵλ
׷⼸µ֣жʱ˵Ǵһ䱸Ϊ
ע⵽ı˲ΰײЩ֡
ں棬ΰʵôˣ
ǣƤЦⲻЦһ䣺½λСүͲ۵ǲ١
ΰ۵׾ãȻ˵ʲô
ûΰ׽ͣͬϸ׶ûϵֻҪǵñС
ΰһ±ơ
˵ÿʶǽһ֮ôⲻأ
ᣬΰ׷ˡ
Ǳ߸ոϢ˵ǿʱԤһڣζٹ͵ýˡ
ڡ˼ⲿӵñȽ磬ʱߺ̫Ծ籾еİˡ
£øϽȥϤ籾С
֮⣬ӣҸط徻һ¡
뷨ΰ׻𼱻ȥ鷿
֮ǰſ̸ͷȥҿ籾ݰݡ
ΰ׻£ھͰŸصʵʵ
Ϊ˷ֹܽΰ׻ⷴˡ
״ǺǺЦ
ѵΰǺˮ޲ɣԷš
һΰȫûг˼ʲԸػص䴦
ٽʮ㣬ΰ׶籾µдڱϡ
ΰЩһ
΢ʰ£ΰſڡ
Ϊ׵㣬ΰ׿ŵʱûһֻǿһС
ſϴһȦֿںʲôΰŷĵسȥ
ƼͷѾϣ͸һ˿ߣ˵˻û˯¡
ΰ룬ת߽
򿪱䣬ΰɨһĲˡ
ǵʱѾˣҹóԵ̫ʢΰ׾ֻ˷Ѽ
ǵģһ뷬Ѽ棬οһ¶Էࡣ
ΰ׳ղܺã滹ûġ
ǰ󲻹ʮӵʱ䣬ʹӴʳĵ¹ٵ̣һϵжˡ
ΰ׶ȥͷ棬ǳһӰȥ·š
ĩˣΰ׾͸ŵĨƵģһ̶˸ûӰ
ŵʱ򣬷ַûˡ
ΨϵķѼ棬ɢζ
ΰף˭ģԶ
棬Цһеģûа㡣
뵽ΰ׷ܣӦǲ棬ͺĵûȥŶԷ
ǡɴЩˣŵʱ򲻽п
ΰ棬Ǽʱ갡
Ա㣬Ķůˡ
½ΣУѾת˶
ţֻҪΰ׹ã½ͱڵöǽǡ
ڶ죬ΰ𴲣鷿﷭ľ籾ΪĽ׼
ʱͨɹͨļԱ
һǸ鳤ν൱㡣
Щ⺰ҫΰˣ
֪ļƻֱֲʳֻͨòķʽװ䣬Ѿźˣ
ͷ˸źĹ⣬ˣҪѷɣ
ԣüһܺ˵˵Ҳ߱˵ġ
붼û;ܾˣܡ
ûǣÿȥңǸŮ˶Աȣͨ
үӸϲһ㣬ڼҲûʲôӹ
£еүˣȥҰɡ
ΰףûн仰ʵ䣬͸Ұɣһܸһ¼ƻ
Ϊѻ˵ϣӦòܾˡ
ˣⷽٸ
ֻҪԸ£ûܸı뷨
䣬ֺԥܾˣҵļƻѾˣҪƣ
⻰ɫˡ
Ȼûע⵽ɳԼƻУ޷԰Ρ
״˿ȰԼ
ǸɵӣҪһʶ
ֳΰףٰѶԷͱȥʱеɵӿޡ
ŶԷպĲ״ǿ˳Щ
ţװҪߵӣ㲻˵Ҿˡ
䡰Ŷһûͬһ˻ֵ߲͡
ˣֲܵ淢ֻܲʲԸˡ
һߣΰΪСʱ򣬽ӵ˾˺贴ĵ绰
ΰ׷±ʣ贽㣬𣿡
责¼Ƶջ岥ʱ򼱵תĿİ
ҪˣС֮⣬˾㰲һ
㿴ҪԼǹ˾ֱӸ㰲š
ΰ룬ҸԵġ
Ҫ˼Цŵ٩˵Ҫ䣬ԺõӦ˼ˡ
ΰЦЦϰˣ˼



138 ṷ 
˵£ΰ׵δﶯ͸ˡ
ܽӴʱ䲻ǺѾϰ߶ԷͻԵΪԶԴ˲⡣
ΰùΪǷǳ˵ġ
ҵľ飬ΰֻҪΥ飬˼ⲿ꣬ƾܳ׳Ȧ
Ȼΰãǲ粥֮󣬾ܻһˡ
Ǹ贸˵úС
ΰܻζõǮ
ԽԽģ˾͸˼ѪƵģ³˸ɾ
֮£ΰ׾ûôˡ
˼;ϣеӲˡ
ƫƫ贴绰˵£ֵܹԷϡ
£ΰֻԺͼͨʼǱϵݣ֮ǰϵ˼
ֵǣ·ǣζû
ΰûа취ɴǣϢһټ
ʱơ
ΰţֻЦվ鷿棬һִֺĲݮ
ĿԣЦҼǵϲԲݮ
ΰüǰõĻ䣬̲סڼǵõͦ
ԣ˼˼롣
׹ΰ׻ﻰ˼ӿǻ⡣
룬벻Լôΰ׺Ե˳ס
ѹΰܻʱʱˡ
֪Գֻȫ£ΣΪʱδ
ΰ꣬Цȱѻ˵ô硣
֪ΰӲ
һ˵ΰڲԸѾסΰ׼׷ضԷֻʱ⡣
½ֻܿšѡݣΰߴת
λĶУбҪΰǰԷϵҩ
ɤӣܽȥ𣿡
ĩˣⲹһ䣺㲻æĻ
ΰûʲôͷͲóһ
õŲݮߡ
ΰԵʱ򣬻һŵݵԷߡ
·ͻȻΰⷴӦ
סǸСƵġһϸ졣
ΰ׻еſ졣
ֱһĴдų׻ع
ΰתͷԹߵɳ£һ죬ԵĿλ˵ʲô
⻰ΰǺǺЦˣҪвУ
̫⣬ΰ׷˸۵ҵ鷿øƵġ
ڳίı飬ţҲҼң
ΰ֪װ´Է˻
ѡװƣʲôû
Ȼΰ·ƪȴԸ
飬Ǹȡĺûᡣ
ΰһ£ϱסԷţҺģòҡ
ɡΰסƬ̣ع͵ϵˡ
ܲס̫һ
ΰ׳̵ľ˿
֮£ΰֻʵ˵ɣ
̧ͷյΰǰ״ͣ΢΢һЦҪһ¡
ǵʮԴΰ׺˷֮󣬾Ҳû׹
뵱ÿ°ؼңϳŵʱΰ׶
ʱ֪ôӷ͸ܾˡ
Ҫΰƴתȥ취
Ǵ˵еġӦ
˼֮ʣΰҲھ˵״̬
ҪûζʶԷǲǺȶˡ
Ҫף²ǽˮˣ
ɻûͬ⸴أ
뵽ΰ׾סĶ䣬ʱ뷽һšĥĥݺݵˣڵӷ˰ȻҪ󡣡
۵üͷֲĵΰ׵֡
˿ŵĵСڣҴˡ
ΰױƺŪûڣŵ֮ʰӲͷƤʵĴˣ
ԣ鲻ԸصҵҪ󡣡
ĲԸֵ̫ԣΰ׽һ۾ע⵽ˡ
˳ǣΰ˿Ǹһ㶼ġ
û취ֻסЦظԲ𡣡
ΰˣ˵ͷͲݮķϣҾͲƽˡ
ûܸ½ҩΰ׽ѵһ١
ΰ׳˼ݮһȻԺ
Ҳ˲鷿Իصǰæ
״֪ΰһʱ˲ˣʮԾ˳鷿
Ϊĳΰףߵʱ򣬻Ÿغá
磬ΰװԼʱ䣬ǰʮȥ˾
·е³ֳȥˣڻ·ûл
ΰھ˵İ칫Сˡ
ʱϴʱ䶼ûʲôϿɳԡ
ΰˢһ΢оľʹ֣ɳ
߽칫ң³
ֻƽصΰףڸСƵһţûһ˿֡
ΰ״ҫ贶ô졣
סƬ̣̲סЦΰףԭôͯİ
ΰ̧۾ƼſüۼЦ⿴ߣεýָͷҪˡ
ˣ

ΰơ
ȻȴŬֵ»ص贽㣬ʲôʱģ
费ǣЦдЩǰɡ
ΰԣ˿
Һúûײ˵ȵӡ
ۼ⣬ΰеΣת˻⣬˾ҵ϶ˣһԵİɡ
˵ͬʱҲڷԼĹİ
£Ͱóˣҵݸΰס
ΰ׽ӹϣַ˷
ȫΰײЩɻ󣬡ôûŮ
һĨ⣬㲻ѾСŮ𣿡
ţֵһŮ˵̫ɡ
ΰ¶ЩãȻʲô㣿ֲǻʵۣҪź򡣡
˵ˣǸ׾ֲǲ֪
ұȡΪУҪҸֳָʲô
ΰһ˵贲ȷʵǷȱǡ
ΰ˵֮ǰȷʵ֪д׾ԡ
ڲ˻ΰ֣󲻳
Ҫ֪ڴУǡʯ塱Ĵʡ
ֻҪųźţ˾ľųһȦ
˻ΪԴ׶֣
贲ɣԼڿʡ
ڲµʱ
֮ǵðΰ׵ĵڶҺˡ
ס˼ȥҺ˵Ҹʵġ
ܲܺԵҾͲҸƱˡ
Ͼ͵ý顣
ʱȽһ°ɡ
ΰ׶Ҳǿ󣬡аɡ
Ŀͺ߳칫ңΰɳϷ



139 үɿ 
ΰ˼ԽԽġ
ţδʱʱֻȻ
һǹ˴ĵ绰
ΰü¶ȡ
ųûã͸绰δ̫˰ɡ
²˼䣬ΰ׽绰ʵ
˶٣ʼòѡˣ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬֵеŮģ
ΰ׽ǳ˼룬׹֮
ڴ֮ǰоÿ˵Ǵ̳ɾٶŵַ
ڿţֱ̫ҳԷɴˡ
ûԣƾѾԲԷڵӡ
ΰЦⲻش⣬
ԣżװӻص档
ϳϳԴףΰĽ
ǰ
ò˻ᣬȻö̫ԲԼˡ
뷨ΰ׹Ҷʲô
еĻŮģֻҪھС
ԷԱѵԱӲɣ
ܣŮƽȿǻߡ
ΰһԱӡñӿһλصûԱӡˣҵŮռȸߴٷ֮ʮ
ĩˣֵʦ̶̼¹ȥƤӹ
ΰ׹ǣƤһ䣺лܿ佱
ɵӣȻóΰڴװͿ
ԭ򣬴ڡ
ٴΪԼȥǻ⡣
̾˿̧۾¥ľɫЩܣţҳԴˡ
ΰԣŪ˼Цʵڿϳˣ
šһ
ΰȫûк˼Щ
ǸСûĵġ
ﰵ
ΰǱߣûǺЦ
ҳԷɴףëԷˣ
뵽ΰüۼմȾЩˬ
ƳҪ˻ˣΰ׾ͶֻǶ˵˵Ҫæˡ
ûüڣ߾ʹ绰Ҷϵġཡ
ֻźڵĻüͷ
ΰ׹Ҷϵ绰֮󣬺˽
˫棬ΪмˣΪΰ׽ܵǹ˾׼һλ¡
ΰ΢΢һЦá
òԻӦһ䡰áԡ
ӣͷɾĶ̷Լ·ڸסļһ֤ţһӡ
棬ΰʱҪ¾ˡ
ĿͶԷ߳칫ңΰĿдʵӣ
贵ͷϵĿȴ˴˹صùŮȭ
ΰԣ۾ΪȵɵûԲ
ûй֮ǰͲ¹ͷС
ôû뵽¾ȻùŮȭ
˸˾δ̫Ѫˡ
ΰԽԽ֣̿贽㣬ֻǸԱòɡ
ЦЦΰ׵ļ򣬡ģܴ⡣
ΰסƬ̣׹ͺǳӦǴʲôףǳٲŻѪ͸˵ƿƵģζӳ¡
뵽ԼղŶ̫ãΰʱ˼θС
ΰ˼֮ʣ贴ӳͳԼ
ĩˣΰǰ˸ָ
ΰ̧۾ʶʵôˣ
ָϵԼŬŬѡһɡ
ΰһĨȣ贽㣬ҹҪˣӵ¿ôð
⻰̿ʲô߰ġ
ΰ׹˹ӣǰ¶ҪϷʱ¼ա
ԣĵظơ
ڣ˿ȹ̡
ع˿ͻǽ
֪㲻·ߣڵгΪ
ԱҲÿڳԷǲǣ
ΰ꣬ԭȵ뷨⿪ʼҡǡ
贿ˣҲ֪ΰڹʲôڰģٳ¼գݲ˵ʲôġ
Ϊ贱ֵ쳣ƶΰԭĹǾʧˡ
ҵ˼ΰϵԼһһ
ַԼΰײЩȵףĿ龹Ȼȥפα
ԣΪвµӰǰˡ贶˶٣Ҳ̫ȥλ
׽ΰãϸ͵ĿѾϰϣȥפαɱᱻһЩ˿ˡ
ȻҪϲⲿգҲǲܳԡ
˹زˡ
ΰҡҡͷֻǾҵλαѡ
֮⣬ûǹҪȥ
ˣû˷ʱ䣬ʾΰѡա
ΰϸϸԱһ˲ʳա
ڶһӵľΰ֪ղǷǺڴڸԽԽ
ΨʳգԽԽ
ΰ׵ѡ񣬺Щ⣬ôѡ
ΰ׵˽⣬һΪԷѡڴա
Ҫ֪ܶΪⲿյй۲Աνǰɹͨʲôʹˡ
֪ⲿվж
뵽и˿ⲿշˣ̲סȰȷһ𣿡
ΰ붼û͸ܾˣҪ
üͷѯΰԭ򣺡Ϊʲô
ΰ룬һ޷ɣԵ
⻰һЦˡ
̬ȱǿӲʱ򣬺ȻǳٽʲôҪΰ׵ԸΪܱȥӲϲϷա
뵽ͽѾߵĻĬĬ˻ȥ
ˣΰĿɽ
ö²֮ΰ׵żˣ贵ˡ
ʱǣҵںүӴ绰
Դϴͨ绰үӾΪʮþˡ
˭룬ûлϰ˼
үӲ²⣬ǿ뷨ű̬
ᣬүӾû֮ƣȰƭ˵
ϵؼҳԷɡ
ǣ˼Ըɿˣ
үװԹԵҪҪ֪ͨݣԼɣʡҪҶ¡
룬ΰǸӣûи֮ǰƲӦһˣͻһ䡰á
˵ؼҳԷ£Է߶Ҹڹҵ绰
ΰ׵ҵʱ򣬷ֿûˣЩ֡
ߵͷһװһҪŵӣеɻ
Ƽΰеɻڽ͵үүղŴ绰˵ҴؼҳԷҪҪһ·
ΰ׵ɴ۾ؼҳԷ



140 լ 
΢΢ף糣صǰؼҳԷ
ΰסƬ̣عɴãȻүӳԴҩˣȻǻؼҳԷ
үûʲôǴУԺﹴճԷ
Ϊ̵һ㣬үרƶõ·
֮ǰһкӲҪҽѡһλ顣
Ը⣬үӾɨسв
׼ѾȫƿסûܵүӵӰ졣
֮⣬үӻв˵Ҫɱ
¹ȥ˺ܶ죬ΰȻ¡
ȥ֣ΰײ²²һ硣
ԣ˼ΰСŰңҶôģġ
ΰ̧۾Űʵģ
šһʶѧΰ׵Ŀ񱣬ģ黹档
ог񣬲ӲŵӣΰŷЩȻǾȥɡ
ʰˣΰײЩżôǰ˵һʲôû׼
ԣЦ׼Ҳ٣ż
ΰ̧һۡ
ࡣ
ֻǻ·΢һԼʮӦ㹻ˡ
ҾլԶȥҪ·ϴҪѵСʱ
ȥլʱǶ˵ˣ
ΰ뵽¶Щᣬٵ
֪ΰ׵ĹǣԷԴϸﰲڣûΪѵ㡣
⻰ΰǵ˲ʧˣüۼȾЦ⣬ȥ·
ΰײμʱ򣬱ȽϲеĴ硣
˵ǲҪ̫ʽġ
װһĺ壬Ӧúܶࡣ
ʽ㲻ٲʧ񣬱˳Ц
ΰ׷˷¹񣬷ּûʺϵ·Ͱſ̽ͷȥʵûи׼װ
üЩ⣬ڼҲǲϲװ𣿡
ΰԣ˹ӣլǱֲҼҡ
˵겻ڣΰֵҴŶͶ̿ȥǿ϶ᳰЦҵġ
оΰĿʼˣͷͰһ׼õó
ΰЩ죺ʲô
ӵ¡
ΰüͷ׺ҿ첻Ϸߡ
Ծ棬ǵû˿ֻţΰ쳣ɰȵĸζҲ
ŵ˵ĶҪһ̲ˮˡ
ȵʧ֮ʣΰΪǾ˳Ч۵׶ʱֳֵ⡣
Ϊýΰ׽ӹǸУȲ
Ŀⴥŵĸ߶װΰֱס
Σΰ̧۾ɲдžȣ㲻û׼𣿡
Ħָ⣬Цصҿûô˵
ΰϸһ飬ȷʵûô˵ǶԷһֱյⷽȥ롣
϶ԷڵЦΰڷӦ֮ǰڶء
ƽʱȥѵˡ
һһڵ
ִլʱ˵׼ŵˡ
£ΰ˼ʹԼ侲
ĩˣΰлص䣬װ
ΰߵǰϸϸһ飬װ
ȲѣΪûнԼĳ֪
ΰջߣת߳䡣
Ƽɳϣдˡġ֣ΰʶӿŲҺˣ߰ɡ
ֻӦá
һǰһ߳ţ˵ȥͣ
ʱר˾Ѿڵˡ
˳ſȥլ
˾Ӧõġһ棬š
;УΰûСˣûйϿԳԡ
һ϶ûУΰ״ʧ
ֻ۾Ŀ
״ʶʵˣ
ΰƵͷû˯ˡ
⻰ó̺ӣһ߸ΰ׸һ߶Ͻ˯
ΰ׽磬û˯ѾϮˡ
Ժ۾ûãʶ͵ڰС
ΰ񾲵˯գȻһĪС
һ˼ڹϣΰס
ֱΰҪһϵʱŷΰԶȹҪˡ
֣̲סԼһ䡰
ֵҵǣΰ׶ûгʧ
ͨµŬöԷ̬ˡ
ţֻҪԼס״̬Ӧþܱ˳ġѡ
δְΰҴҴǣ¶Էյš
ΰһ·϶˯úֱܳͣ۾Ժѯʣˣ
ףû˯Ļ˯
ΰһ۾һ߻صˣڱ˼˯á
΢ͷǾȥɡ
ɽ롫Ϣȡ׵ͷ˳
ΪүӷԸԺӵӶ˶Խⳡ߶ӡ
ǿΰ׼粢߹ʱӦλһ̶ܽϢүӡ
֪ˣүӰ˿
ڴ֮ǰүӿʱһȥӰʼûг֣ΪԷˡ
ҪŤûţٸ绰ˡ
ûзӣˡ
ΰ߽ʱ򣬷үɳϣһүү
ΰ׼״Ҳźˡүү
ү̬ȿνʮ磬·϶³ˣôŵ
ֵΰףͰ˳ӣֻǲ̲һ䣺ɡ
үӵĹͬΰţѾ˾޴ò
ǰΰ׾լſڣš
Ȼɲôġ
үǣΰίֱסΰ׵˵Ȼүүӭǣǻǲˡ
үһˣ𰡡
û˵䣬ôҪˡ
Ϊǰ⺢Ҳ̫ˡ
꣬ŭǵûȥҵơ
ѻ˵ϣүӻ֪ʲô˼
²ǴװͿ
׼ڵʱΰͻȻˡ
ֻһԲקߣͲѡĸдϡ
ҪߣүӼæŹΰǰɣΪһСһкߣò𣿡
ΰתЦЦүӣҿɲҵС
үôӵۣ⻰ʲô˼
ûΰ׿ڣ̫ܵˡٲսҪյԼˡ
ΰ꣬һ
̶ȿ԰
ƲϵһүӣӲǸԲˡ



141 ɢ 
үԣǳɫ
ôû뵽ԷΪΰϲ̨ϷӣȻָ¡
ҪŻڵִ֣˰Ǹϳȥˡ
үԽԽͲֹ۵Ѫѹ˲ֱǰһڡ
˵壬һүӡ
Ϊ˱Է£ɴɳϡ
ʱƴ¥ײһĻ
ΰޱ飬üۼǴŲͷΪΪүӶˡ
˹ȥһƿ
ţүǰͷԴǵүүô
֮ԳΪ֪үδιȥ
үӵ˽⣬ԷⷬάĻ϶ʮָж
һΪĺӶȡҲ
ƵϷΰмǰڰŪ
ΰ׽һۣץסĺü
һǸ令̵ˡ
Ŀǰĸ״ʣڵһʱվҵϷߡ
ĩˣΰ¶Щļͥû˸Ťѵá
׹ΰά˵û
ΰάζţԷѾϣ
⣬׷޽öãܱɰٷ֮ˡ
Ϊ̫ģԼ顣
ΰ׼״Ϊˣžþûпڡ
۲Ĳԭΰ׻˻ζԷĸ첲Ȱ߰ɡ
عƳڶݺݵضǣƺ޲ðǰƤЩЦ
ס˼ɫڣղŷʲôȫ¼ˡ
㲻Ҫˮ
УҪͼ°ңҲס
ԣ˼²ſڵãûжүӶ֣ܺйذɡ
Ц˿ص޹أҪ־͹ز
⻰ΰ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ʹү˿ȣȵȡ
תޱʵʲôҪ˵
ү˿Ҫȱĸоָΰײ΢΢ΪҪͼѣ
Цүүǹ˶¡
Ҳͱ𣿡
£ٰ龰һ飿
˵겻үӿڵĻᣬͺΰ˳ȥ
뿪νûܲԻͣǾͲ˵ˡ
˵䲻ģǼ壬һһףҪүӰѼҵǣ춼ϲۡ
үӲ֪
Ȼ֪
ΪϢСȻһϷӾ塣
ֻˡ
ǣ˵Ҫΰ׽飬ѶԷƱسš
˵ǡˤˣ»ˡΪ
ү벻ףΰ׾жܰĹ
˼֮ʣѾΰߵͣλʾԷȥ
ؼ;УΰƳԶ׼ĲãʹͶԷ죬תһע
Ŀⴥϵ壬ΰ׾˻⡣
սԿΰװʵҺûи߹ߴ磬׼װô֪İ
ǣЦдЩȤζ¡
ΰ׹˹ӣҾǲ֪
֪ΰ׼ԸԷ˴𰸣ָС
ΰԣסƬ̲ŷӦʲô˼ڵһ±ͨ죬·֦ͷѾ͸ĺƻɢ˵㡣
һʱûססΰ׵ĺȥ
·ͻȻΰûκ׼е㷴ӦԳһƬհ׵״̬
عʱ˶
ò˵ǼԽԽˡ
ΰûãͱǰǵûһƬ롣
ΰ۾һ㱡ˮ⣬Ȼ͡
ΰе㴭ʶļ
ע⵽ˣһ㡣
һôˣΰСѧỻ
Ϊΰιȥòǰǡ
ĩˣһḧΰ׵ؿһ߶Сڣ´μǵû
ΰ׻˻̧־סĶ䳶˳ڵӷˣһкҡ
ЦҪǴк϶ס
ΰʶصҲǡ
£ŷԼƽȥˡ
Ҫǹ˼鲻ãͽѵԷˡ
ΰ׹˹ӣˣãֺƤ˼ƽϡ
⻰һĨ졣
ñΰš׼ˣԷֻŻһ¾ˣ
Ծΰ̫ˡ
˼⣬̽һ䣺ã
׽۵׵ɻΰײɣɴѻ˵ˣʣûԭ򡣡
оΰĲ˵ûʡ
ΪլǶٷûгϣǼꤵ״̬
ΰ׵Ķֱӳˡ๾ࡱĽ֡
һʱûסЦЦ
ΰע⵽ˣȵýָͷĶڡ
ƳЦôģΰһ¶Էĸ첲ҧгʵôЦ𣿡
ԣЦݣһصЦ
ϧЩסˣǻ۾ܳ
Ц⡣
ΰ׸оˣͰͷתȥʹľɫװʲôû
ĶӲϣû
ΰľˣɴ಻ˡ
Ķˣ˾ڸҸȰλСι˵
ΰҪȥԷ˲˾
ǡǰиۺҵ㳡
ڳԵĲޣΰ׵Ϊ
³֮ǰΰ׻ûףʵҪʲô
ΰھᣬгԿ⣬͡
˼ȥΰѡ͡
ΪģΪ׸߶װ
ҪȥԿ⣬ǾԵ̫ˡ
ΰʶΧ
ʱһϲӰӳ
ֻŸ߸ЬĴҴ˹
ǽӣƵġ
ΰתͷü
ûüΪԼ⣬ͱˣ磬Ҳ߳Է𣿡
˵꣬ûд˼Թ˵һ䣺ɰ
üͷ˿棬С㣬Һ𣿡
ԣϵЦһ
ܿ͵졣
һԵΰףԴӱԵˡ
ȻС̴ž죬ȴ
仹ûüڣ׷ﳤȥΰˡ
ΪŸ߸Ь׷û׷ֻԶ
뵽ΰˣߵģö˶š



142 벶ȸں 
ȳ֮ΰߵò죬û׷ˡ
ǹ˶ӣóȻ»ΰţֻӲסеżΰԡ
ڴڼ䣬͵͵ΰס
ƼΰױŸͲֱдҺܲˬĸ֣ǽš
Ϊΰ׳Դˣ˵ΰΪΰţǼһ㶼ú塣
е㵣ģΰ׻ΪţǼ⣬ٸĪеġæѹ͵ţҪ֪⣬Ҹ
ΰԣüʲôû˵
ΰ뷨ֻܿؼĲ֪㲻Ҫĺòã
ΰûдԹԵǰߡ
״Լ˵ֻ࣬ĬĬ졣
ֱ˰ᣬûеڵĿռ䣬Ÿȥΰס
ΰע⵽ѸԱһ㡣
ˣס
عͷίţԩ̶ȶҪˡ
ΰЦ˸޴İۡ
ΪϷַˡ
װȷʵһףеˡ
Ϊ˶סͷΰ׹Ųߣȥ
ⲻ֪»
֪װˣٽ
뷨߹ȥקסΰ׵½ǣͰ˵~
ΰ״ȥˡ
˵ģһŽζʮмܲס
ûãΰ׾Ͱػص㼱ʲôû˵ͷϡ
̧۾бŷżĹ⣬˼ǣ
һۣΰЩڣսԿŻصүүҵԧס
ǳͬ⣬͵ûүү
ΰ׿ڣֱ֤ҲʲôǣģҾûҪ뿪ˡ
ΰ룬оȷʵͷĲˬʧ˴롣
һԾӵٻе㲻ˬ
Դΰ׾ͲϱίԼɴֱʵүҵԧףô
ԼӦˣΰ׻
ΰ׻䣬ԥһ䣺ôҾô
ΰ꣬ǺǺЦ⣬Ƥ߸ңƤǰɣ
æϣûУⲻҪΪ
ΰ°ͣ˾Ķ䣬㹷ӡ
˳ƱסΰףڶԷļϣ󷨣𣿡
ΰŬĵҵȻá
⻰ЩЦ
֪Цΰ׿϶ըë
£ֻŬѹвӿЦ⣬װҺòҰ
ΰ֪Ǽװģ˱ݣ㣬˵һ᲻á
̧۾ĵһ䣺ţһġˣҪȥүӣ˵˵¡
ΰ׵ͷûټ⣬Լ˵Ķ˵ͰɣҺö
һߣصᣬ¶ɢŭ
״һĨɻ
ۿû˵˼ֻʵ䣬ôˣ
ԣһĨһ߿ߵֱ̫ˣ
ʣʲô
⻰һ·˻ϻӣϲ˵
ΪΰǸϲ̨Ϸӣտʼʱֱҡ
Һ˵Ҳ졣
Ҫ̾ˣȻȥ׷ΰˣ
ǰûסԼı顣
ò˵ôǰ𲻵ãǵöԷᷳ
ﰵ˼䣬¶еأ
ҧҧǲģûкˡ
룬ȥܻᷢƢԻ˸⣬ѾʮþȵļƻΰżҲҪ
⻰һ˲ɢˡ
ǰΰûûˣͽ֮˼ƽʲô
ע⵽ɫ仯ò¾֪Էȥΰ֮
Ȼһ£𲻴Ӧһ¡
Ե벶ȸں
ΰϰҪҲһ
͵֮
˼˳δ͸ظңҸˡ
תۼ䣬ʱȥΰ׽Ȼ
ǰһϣͬһ㣬Թظΰʰ
ΰֵУſڴ֡
ֵı֣̲ס߶䣺ճԱҪſţθá
ΰ׻˻СȣһϷһӦںһӰ߶
⻰Цˡ
·ߵߣһΰ׵ƨɡ
Qָ̫ãļ¡
ûü֣ΰ׾͸ռ˱˵ĴŮƵģƨɳ󺰣ñ̬
װɵô̬ˣ
ΰԣҧгݵ֪ǰɣ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰֱӴ˶ԷǵС˼ƨɺ𣿡
ûü˼;ͱӵķӦһ档
⻰һ˼롣
ʶԼ˵ʲôͫһ
תӣҸڰѳԲʱΰ׵Сȭͷˡ
һȭͷؿϣ䷢һƺߡ
ΰ䶼ˡ
סƬ̣ΰ׻عĵһ£šĶ侯ֵֹ
ΰײ˵֮ǰûʶΰ˴Ӱ졣
ΰͨ죬䶼糺ɫЩԳ
šĶжԭ˳Ӧ⣬ҧһΰ׵Ķ
ΰôû뵽ǣŵȻֶ
һʱ䣬ΰֱɵˡ
عʱѾ뻳С
ΰʶ˼£ÿƵĸ첲ƿ
˭룬ùһƨɾҪҶ
仰̣ΰҲҶˡ
һҪɻҪǽʲôˡ
ΰײһͳٵֻĻҪô
֮ŷЩ
ֻ뱧ΰ׽ҪǶԷȥ治ұ֤ᷢʲô
һΰ̽Ե̧ͷʵ𣿡
ĩˣΰѵʱ䲻ˣٲץһ㣬ʰˡ
ٲԸҲ÷ſΰ׼ʰ
ΰף˯߽ԡңϴ˸ˮ衣
ԡҳΰ׿ոոʰ˵һ䡰ˡ
ţɵ˵˯ˣ컹Ҫ𡣡



143 ƭ 
ʰһϵΪľΰҪ㡰ô
ôûõΰ׾Ҫ˯ˣ
붼롣
ȥΰǰʾţô˯ˣ
ΰüһ䣺Ȼأ
ʵ֪ǵСžţǹⲻ˵ơ
⣬ææ⣬Ϊ˺С֮Ľ
¼򵥵ǣöԷǹ߻
Ҫ֪ڴϾǸޣÿ۵ùǺ
һҪȥϷɻʵǲҶġ
ΰţβܰѵ˵Ĵ󹷣ˣ~
ΰ֪ԼмܲסԷŶԷ޷֮ʣһѽƵ¡
ţΰѸײڶ֮ƣݡһ¶յ
Ϊ˷ֱֹӰӱȥΰ⽫ĸǶ˽˺ͱһš
·ͻȻ׼Ƶһġ
Ҫ̹ȣƾҪˤʺˡ
عŴϵһţǺǺЦ
ΰ׸оһȵĿԼϣ¶˺ë
ϣ˾ǱҪȥ
ȥ϶ᡰģ
δ֪˿־塣
ΰԽԽţ̲סʿˮ
Ȩϣ֮ǰͶԷ˺òãһء
ԣΰףûôģղҡ
ΰ⻰ֱڵóӶˡ
ϧٺҲûãѾˡ
֮Ҫ취Ͻ
뷨ΰ׿ʼתӡ
һ˼ڤ룬ΰ׾
սԿϸ˵һһúò㡣
Ȼڻ֮ǰûλߣν¯ļ֮һ
ΰڰŪ
µһ̣Цţ㻭ı̫ӲˣҳԲ¡
ǵСžŲΰײЩ߳ŭԲԣ
״оãΰ׵ŭ˰ѻ𣬡ǳƭ
ΰòУ̴ӱȥŭΪԼ粵н̫ԸϹ
Ƽΰĳˣ۵ֳһĨ⡣
ȻΰСܺƭ
ţΰ׻ûӦøϽץסԷ
ΰףͻȻקαסˡ
ΰסƬ̣ʶԼ˵Ȧס
ѾˣΪ첲·һΧ䣬޷
ʱ˿̣ΰԺһ뷨ǡ뻢ڡ
ϻСȻ
ΰ׸о궼Ҫȥˣɪһ¡
ע⵽ˣЦһʵҳ㣿
š˲󡱵ԭΰӲͷƤصҲŲ£
˵ȻҾҪýĴͿ
⻰һΰ亹Ҫˣ̷㣡
ԣյΰǰ׵λãֱֱŶԷ۾˵ţողӲú𣿡
ΰڨЦ˼Һء
üԣҺͲУ
λھͲѡ˫ꡱֱдˡ
Уǵøΰ׸ѵɡ
⣬һͰΰѹڴϣʼͶԷˣʰһϵ㲻һ¾ˣƵϣ
ΰ֪Цж˼ֺã˲С˹ҼƽвУ
˵겻ڣΰֿر֤´βˡ
꣬ЦЦ´Σ
ΰ׹ĵ֮æĿڵû´Ρ
΢΢ףѧΰƽİ˵ȻҾ͡
˵һһ룬ΰײͣϺ䣺Ҽƽˣ԰ɣ
ΰ˵꣬гڴ
飬ѻ˵ϣζ˲ˡ
˭룬ȫơ
ΪûµʱȻһ䣺
ĩˣΰ׵ͳдԵݳұֵϢߡ
ΰ׵ɴ۾ǲ˼顣
𾪹ΰһŭң
⻰յµ˶Цţ⻰˵úɫ/顣
һ˵ΰ׷Լղ˵Ļȷʵɫ/飬ڵһ±ͨ졣
״ԳҲ˷Ӧ
ûеߣ
ʶȥܵΰףЩͷۡ
ıΰףڶԷûôţʼˡ
£˿ֱͦͦѸ˳ȥ
ΰԭΪԼ군ˡ
û뵽һŵʱȻˣ
ΰ׵ɵˣþûز
Σգգ۾γѰֹʲô
ΰ룬ĳһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
˵˹ʮ꣬ĳЩʽµ
ͣʮҲûԶˡ
ĪǣͻȻԼˣ
뵽ΰ̲סЦ
ڽ֮ȻǳǳЦ⡣
ڶ죬ӻΰס
ΰϰߣ⽫ӵЩ
һΰ߿ϵĿյŸͷ
ΰ״Ь۾λ߽ԡҡ
ϴΰųѹ
һ˳ȥ
ĿⴥϷʢͣΰһ¡
жΰʶȥ鿴
ǡİˡ
ΰߵſڵʱڸΰ̡
ΪΰϲЬ·Ƚϴ
ע⵽ˣ俴˹ȥ
ĿԣΰſʵһͶģ
üһҪݹĽడ
ԣ׼ȷ˵Ӧݰܡ
ʴԺĳһ̣ΰ׵Ц
ľôģ¶ʵʲô𣿡
ΰײ֪Ǹƺţ֮Цݣµûʲô
𰸣ĵﲻš
Ϊΰ׿˵Ĺ졣
ΰ׶Ļ׳棬Ҳûж֪Էʲô
ۿΰײ˵ֻ÷ˣͬϸװ㶣ȥϴֳԷˡ
ΰϴ˸֣صǰ¡
ûشظһ֮ǰ⡣
ЩΣʵֻġ
ĩˣ˵ⲿɱˣҵĳܴﵽˮ׼
ΰײôĻԣֻΥ㡣
Թͣ¥׼ΰһǰ
ո߳ݣͼ贴¥µˡ



144  
ΰ׼״ͶԵ˵ã鷳ˡ
ԣ͸Цˡ
ںڳֱ˵ֻȰ¡
Ժ贴˸Եȡ ƣקΰ׵ĸ첲ȥԶС԰ͶԷʲôС鷳
·ͻȻΰûκ׼ⷴӦôקǰߡ
عʱѾ߳óһξ롣
ΰ׻عͷƼ𾪣Ķڡ
ΰ׾ţҪҪɿʱ򣬶ԷǺӦƵģͻȻһ䣺뱻ҿ¥ϣʵ㡣
⻰һΰ˲ͷקǰߡ
ɢŲˬΰײЩ棬Լôˣ
ΰϸһ¡
ڵʱʱʱ˵Ц
˵ݣϺ贼ˣͿʼˡ
ĪǳԴˣ
üһֲǲ֪ͲϲŮģ׶ܳԵ
²̫ףΰûþ͸ˡ
һ˼ǣΰ׺Ȼʱڵ㣬ƺ˵Ǿ仰鷳ˡ֮
ǡʱС԰Ҳߵˡ
ΰҿ˿ȷûڣһ̽
һЦ̲סҲ
ΰ⻰оˡ
Ҫ֪ģֻ
ΰ׳˼βܺʱ򣬶Էһ䣺˭ַ҆ء
ΰԣžͲѡԹдϵ˳ǵǰɣ㻹ҷˣ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰֽ͵˵鷳㣬ؼϢ˼
˸緹㲻𣿡
ҾϢ
ʵϣΰײȥҪǵĶԷģû취˳ǻ
飬ΰ׾ȥ˳ɻûӦɥȨԼ
ǵҪô ء
ۿ̫ţΰֻܼӴڶкȦˡ
꣬һĨţģ
ΰСƵĵͷֱ黹档
Դ̤׷·رԼ
֪Уǿɹΰס
ƶûˣΰôзбǽŵķգ
뵽æԼ۾¶ʵҵĺȦ𣿡
ΰױšϷ㡱ԭһغ˵˵ء
ʵ۵ֻеϣȦ㲻ϡ
ûӣŸ˵
ˣҲִΰ׸ղ˵£𼱻ǵҾͲȥˡ
ΰ׳ɹĿģûٸֻš
һΣʹ˽Ӵ
Ͱ͵ӣΰڷֿ֮ǰ˹֡
׹յΰǰôˣ
ΰû˵°ֱͣӰѶԷԼ档
ɻžȵע£ΰײ˼ֽš
ס۾ѸסԷı
·ǹ˶ɢ۵ζ
Ҫǹ˼棬ΰ׵ȻҪȥɻ뿸Էܡ
ѵΰһأռδ̫ϧˡ
뷨Ϊ
һ§סΰϸһԷǡ
ΰ׺ܿмܲסļ
Ϊ
ֱΰؿҪʱŰɿǺЦСôûѧ;л
ΰ˿ﰵ
ÿûѧỻȻܲߵǸ⡣
Ƴеδȥΰ׵ĶԷٴβһ̶˸ûӰ
״̲סҡҡͷ
ǸСûĵģӡ
ΰҵǣֱ˹˾ıķ
СҺΰദ죬֪˺˵Բ
ΰȥһС԰Ǳ۷һСҷһʣʦôˣ
ΰ˼룬ЩΣ𣿡
ĩˣΰ״ǰͷ˿˵װ
һ˵ʶȤģ˵仰Ͳȥˡ
ƫƫСǸ汦ֲ̫ΰ׵Σ˵һ䣺ĺףҪҪȥҽԺ
ΰ׻شֻͶȥĿ⡣
ᣬǿаСȥ˵СӲҪʡ
Сֻе棬һ˵ֱӽĺ˶塣
Ҳǲִ֪ˡ
˵ˣٺҲֻԦܱš
ȥֹͣǻʱûˣΰһ˻𼱻ǵع˰죬һʱ˷ɻ
εӰӻء
ΰǵڶȥˣνᳵ·
ǵϷɻãʹ֣硣
һߣ׼ǰӰӻء
䵣ļƻټĿǰûʲô;Թȥ
ǰ⺰񣬵ҫҹȥţΰ׾Ӳҵġ
ûŪļƻٻе㲻ġ
Ǹûʶӣһʧļƻ
ţץסλᣬ䡣
ʱûɹԼȥˡ
ΰףԶ֡
һҲʹˡ
ǱҪȽϺá
뷨ɤӵ䣬㶼ҪȥˣѼƻҷһ°ɡ
飬ˣҲ˵ˡ
һ©̶ע⣬ļƻҪ군ˡ
ѻ˵ϣʲôû͸¶ֻ˶Էһ䣺һ֪ˡ
ģβ䣬˵ɣҲ˵ȥġ
ûдָӶ˸ˡ
͸ŵıӰ۵ֳһĨĹ⡣
ȥΰףԲģ
ʮһ࣬ΰ׳ɹִӰӻء
һھƵԹ緹Ϣΰ׾ȥƬ㶨ױˡ
Ҳȥˡ
ֵ壬Ϊ˸ΰ׳ʾ˾ǳΰס
֮⣬Ǳⲻ۵ˣײܵļ⡣
ΰⲿУǰڰݵǸŮװֵƵʺܸߡ
㶨ױգױʦȸŪŮװ
ΰ׻ױŮװ߳ȥȫ޵ˡ
ЩѵĳԼ˶ˣֱӸˤڵϡ
ѵһ죬˵˼
ΰ׶ЩȵĿ⣬Щ˼صͷȾһ㱡졣
󣬻ǵԪȿĿڣСΣ̫ϻǵ趨ˣ߳һ̣һΪǾ籾ˡ



145 ױ 
ΰǵһδŮװܾùֵֹġ
Ƿ紵ʱǹ쬵ĸо̲סһ¡
ȹĺûȫа
ΰпһŮԲףס˼صл˵佱
ԶЦЦΰ׵ļ˵ֻҪܱסԾʱ״̬ҸҴƱⲿ粥֮ȫ
ĵݣƽûµʱҲȥог
оã͸˹ǵ뷨
⣬ΰݼ£ƾⲿ籬ĸʣ൱ߵġ
ԶҰЦʵСΣĳ𣿡
ΰ룬ûаѻ˵̫ĵȻеģԱô࣬ĻҲҪ
ԶԣЦЦľͺá
ĩˣԶָָӰʦúøСʦĸױա
Ӱʦǳϵظ֤˵ģҿ϶СʦķĳԲϺȡ
ԶˣֶԵ˵СΣȥĶױհɡ
ΰ׵ͷЦӦá
£͸Ӱʦˡ
Ӱ뻯ױ䲻Զΰû߼·͵ˡ
ֱΰ׽棬ڳĹԱŲ鲻Ըջߡ
ŮǼ״ཻһ񣬽ԴӶԷжΣС
ΰܵϲоӰڳȡʩûǵˡ
뵽ڳCPЩܵλǣı뷨
˶һۣͬʱҪֻԷϢ
ΰӰգȫ֪桰ˡ
ΰǵһŮװգտʼʱŲ
ټŮͬΰ׵㲢û˳
Ӱʦģ䷳ؽ͡
ģΰҵ˸оҲͽѾ
Ůװױգΰֻصױ䣬װ͡
ΪղŵŮװ޵ˣǵ֪ΰװˣеڴֱ
رЩŮԹԱɲȥˡ
СϣԶȽϿݣûȥǡ
ʵҲͦڴΰ׵װࡣ
Լʮӣΰ˵ڴ£ȫȻһµͣͬͥɢ߳ױ䡣
ȫŮװ࣬װ˵Ӿֲ١
ΰ׷Լ˶ڶȫסӣЩ˼
ﰵֹôǴĹԱӦüɡ
ôŮװˢˢסװ໹
ΰƵýֲ˼֨վڻױſڡ
ԶȻعЦеؿ޵ܳɫ
⻰˷׷׵ͷʾʮͬ
һȵĿ⣬ΰ׸оеξ飺˵ȥĶױˡ
Զףȥɣúġ
ΰһ磬ŮװĶױա
ǱõƬʱŵ˶ڸп
ҪԱΰãƬҪPֻǼ򵥵һɫͺá
һǵĹܴ١
ϧֻܴ֮С
ΰ׵ĶױպܺŪǰ󲻹˼ӵʱ䡣
ѯʹݵ֮ĹԱͰѶױշڹٲϡ
ԶΪҵĻƣԴӵ֪¾ҪˣڹעţνԴټ;Ӱӵ˶ڰжţΰ׵Ķױһͱֱѡ
չصֵõո
ΰŶױգдѵѷ׷׾̾
ѾôڵˣΰװŮװÿɣ
ŮװþװҲþ
Ӵΰ׾ҵ½ţ
ΰţ
ôˣúϹţҺ񶼿ԡ
۲ڿʱ
ʼڣûиΰ׹ȥʾȨ
ۿźšϹԽԽ࣬еĽҲֱ
˿ӴΰֻܿˣǾ˿ǳϦദ
ΰϸգǶ̶̵һʱջһµһ
һˣǾͷʹ
ʱų̫ÿˣ治ʲô¡
˼ȥȥһˡ
ᰶƱԷһǱиĿҪȥ
ĿֻܷܽǰӰӻصͷ
һߣҲڰˢۡ
žֻǷŸױգΰ׾ڲͣǷۣﲻˬ
΢صתͷȥˮͷӡ
ϢȽͨˮͷӣԼ˵ΰ˱һ㣬ǿǵģûӡ
ȥֻмСҽˡ
õϰ취ҥ
ѧˣֻ˷ųΰױнϢһЩ̨үƬPΰס
ΰ䵱Ȼ˰ЩƬ˳
΢и罻ԼԹȺϲȥ̳
ò˵ץ׼˴
ƬһǼˡ
һʱ䣬ΰǱλϢ÷з
ûãͨСԱ΢ϷһƪģΰĽɫԼѡ
ͬʱߵˮ³óԹȺڷ׷ܹΧۡ
ΪԹΰ׵ĿЩѲ̫ҳϡ
ЩǺڼ׵أǳ̿ʼ
£ͳֻ
Բۣΰ׾ȻСyueˡ
˵ǿǱλģǰüζѹȥˣ̨ƬˣҵҪôϴ
ΰÿкϱ󶼻ᱻ
ӵһҳֹ̬ȡ
վΰףƬ˿źе졣
ۣˮǷ׷³Χͼҵߡ
ȻԹȺڲɵӣһ˷֮һȥ֤
״ֱּǷƬPģǮͰ׻ˣ
˭룬ǵ֤ûӰӾͷ
ʾЩƬPģطרҵʿ
˳壬˾߻תҥԵӪţһطʦ
о˾ӶѣӪǷ׷׻
رЩΪKPIġ
ʦ֮󣬼ֱڵóӶˡ
ϧ򲢲ܵʲôӰ߸ø滹Ǹˡ
оϵЩ˵ʱûԼĺ롣
ҪǱļƻ޷չˡ
ͬϣԴӵ֪£ڲ˭ڸ
ȥſŵ˾ȻǸ̫̫
ӳ˼Ƭ̣ɫᰵ顣
Ӧáת߳칫ҡ
ʣһ㹤һ˻ΰ׵Сӡ
ܷӲ򣬵ΰײڼңо塣
ƣ߽ԡңޱϴ˸衣
ͷƳһǽϵʯӢӡ
ʮһˣ֪ΰ˯ûС
˿ôĵΰ׿϶ˡ
Сûôæ



146  
벻ͨΰΪβæ
ŽһѣæϢ
ΰ׵飬ڴϷȥ˯ţԷϢ
ͬϣϢʯ󺣣þõòӦ
źڵĻüͷüֱܼӬ
ΰʲô˼һȥͷŸң˼ﻹˣ
ΰ׿õλ϶Ҫԩ
ΰһ㶨ױյġ
꣬Ϸ㡣
ǿӣݺƬΪ˹ʿչԷ
Ĵͷ֣ΰ׸ûʱȥ顣
ԭڣƵʵ̫ˡ
ӦǸЦӯӯĲʺƨ˵ݼǰ޹˺Ƶģΰ׶˼Է
ΰ׵ľͲںõһңߵľһ
½ľƶߣһȦҲͷۻˡ
ƬϢ֪ͨΰױæ˰ȥΰ׻ᱻĳЩ۵СͶ̳ײˡ
ȻиСͶ̻涢ΰˡ
СͶ̽ҵƻ̨ĳλ쵼ݡ
ԪҵĵӾƻ̨
£Ǳ߰ʱ򣬾Ҳܾܾ
Ƭ˵֪ҵֻһ˴ʽ飬˿Ͷʡġ
ȻƬ˸˵ʵ̫ˡ
ҵԴӼʶΰ׵Ůװ࣬˱˼
ΰ㶨ױڼ䣬ҵȥΰ׵ľ
֪ΰֻǸҵٸеɫСԱҵˡ
ΰҪǸϵԱҵܻеǡ
ǳֻǸߵСԱѶԷ¼ֱҪ̫򵥡
Ǯҵùࡣ
ǮƷ棬ҵ൱ţܰΰֱҵûͷ
ҵ⣬ΰƵĻᣬͶԷһ¹ϵ
Ҫǽܰ˸㵽֣Ǿ͸ˡ
սԿҵվӧȥɡ
Ƭԣɨһҵ
Ȧô꣬ȻóԷ
Ƭ붼û룬ҵ壬ܣСõ鷳ȥͺˡ
ҵԣʱȰ㲻Ҫ¡
˵Լ⻰ﻰ֮ʵ̫ˡ
ɵӣó
ҵ֪ƬΪʲôҪΰףֱֲӹȥˣֻﰵ
˸Ķ£һӾͽ˵Ŀ
ԪҸо̫Ծͷ±ӹȥʵô£
ΪԪȦеλҵð˵ˣϺǻһ䣺ûôȥϢΰֺҪؾƵꡣҼҶţ˳ȥƬҵ˼ˣһֱڷҡ
ԪҼЩϷȻҵĻ
뵽ӰλԴ绰úչΰףҪһ˿ʧԶҶʱһ亹
ҺƬסˣҵΰף϶¡
뵽ԪҵϵĿ˼ֲơ
ȻԪҲǲµͷ࣬ϲ̫֡
ɤӣԪЦܣʵƬĹǲûе
ΰΪĹв
ؾƵ꣬һĻǡɱȥָûᱻʲô
ܣҲⲿͶ̣϶Ǯɡ
ԪҰѻ˵ϣҵҲüȥһԲˡ
ҵԪҵ·Ϸ⣬ɴΰš
׼ٷֽٰ֮ΰ״ؾƵꡣ
ʱոսȥºСһصᣬоչֵֹģͽһ
Ƽΰ鲼һ죬ǿλã°á
ϵݺƬ˵ı飬¾ǲڵǶʱ䣬϶ʲô¡
ֱĨ飬ֱʵղôˣ
ƬЦЦԲûô
˵ǣ¿˵һ㶼š
ǵǽһ죬ΰ׻Ҫϼ£ðѹϵŪ̫¾ûв𴩡
Ǵкµַΰףһ㲻Ӱǰߡ
Сңΰ׵ֻ˺档
һߣٳϵΰףż֮С
ڵ۶߻£ΰ궨ױվˡ
ϵ责ҲûõʲôõϢֻ֪۲͡
ΰΪԱȻҪȥμⳡ֡
ţΰûʱ俴ֻŻһֱûϢ
ҰοƬ̣̲סǡ
׼ϵ£ѯΰǱߵһϢ
ˣҸհͻؾƵ꣬ϵɡ
꣬ɤ۵ǷŻԭ
ҪϢɻҹȥ鿴ˡ
ֻɵϣ۾
Ϊûǣҵ£κܿͽ硣
ڶ죬ΰʱ򣬸оԴ۵öҪѿˡ
Ь߽ԡϴϣΰŸо΢Щ
Դ۵
ΰ׾ҪҪȥѾҩԣơȻ
ΰ׹ȥһֻºСվ⡣
һһӡ
ΰײʾ
ڷֻһеģΰ׵ĹӰ첻ãԾֱӰų
ºСҽ˷һǰһĴӷϡ
ţСҴӴͳһҩһߵݸΰһ߽ʦѾҩ
ҩĹԱ˵һγƬͿˡ
ͣȻҩԵ
ΰ׽ӹǺҩЦ˵һлл
СңÿҺ½ǹ˾չġ
£СҾͽȫ򿪣һһΰǰ˵ʦ˵ϲСǾ͸
ǳۣͦģҲˡ
ˣҺ½㻹ûгͣһ𣿡
ΰԣסƬʧЦȻⰡ
õΰ׵Сһ£ʼͷԡ
Լ˶ʮӣȫԱ㣬ɳϢ
ΰ׸оģ˸ģ£ðһ䣬贽˵ùŮȭôҵ
ЦЦһĨɬѵܹ̫ˣ岻ܴˣżǮܸĹʸߣҾӦƸˡ
о˵̫ãⲹȻҲܴˣǱû
ΰͷ͵û
˼䣬ʱˣͳǰƬ
ǿӣǧܳٵˡ
ΰȥƬһ³һλˡ½
òΰкþò
½ǣЦһ䣺þò
ĩˣ½ֵʱ䣬Ҫʦָ̿
ΰЦЦŲԶλݻصݼõʦܶ࣬һҪҲܽ㡣



147 Ϊ 
½˵ҪͨѣٶĴ룬ΰ¶ԷǲˣѵӦûԼ˵Ļɡ
½ԣβ׹ΰ׵˼
ΰԴע£½ЦȻû
ΰ׵õҪĴ𰸣һ
ԴӼʶ½˵ӣΰЩ¶Է
½ԲûǺɵԼ
ΰ׷ϵЦҲв١
ǵþͺãϣԼ
½֪ļԲȶ/֮ǰѾԹļĿڿǿ١
ΰҪޣ½ܱ΢Ц
ǰͼ
ȻĮ̬ȶԴ½û㲨ǲܵġ
½ǣ
ЦݵȻЩ»صġ
ĩˣ½ⲹԲԽ׳ذ벽
ΰ׵ͷû˵
Լʮӣʦѡļʱˡ
ΰվŶӵĵڶС
ֵȥˡ
ԪͣȽѧĶʶⳡʽø¡ء
ǰǰСʱʽʽ
Ǹ·߹ɷõʱ䡣
ΰǱλǼ£ӰѾ˳幫档
ˣмС˾ļߣΪµKPIɺƤⷽʡ
ΰףع̨үǱõɫ£ô
ΰףĵ̨ү𣿡
ΰףȦԴһֱܲǷĴڽ/
һ׳ҵΰӶеˡ
һ춼æָ飬ûʱȥע
Ҫ⼸˵֪Լֱˮˡ
ΰ̾˿ЩΡ
Ǳõɫ£֪ó˵˶ٱˡ
ûǴĻһδϢʱ˵ͷųҵԾƬΡ
һ飬ɫҿʵȡġ
˵̨ү޻̸֮
ΪΰһӦ⡣
˵ģҪΪԱÿƣļߣǲǽˮˡ
ü飬ȻҪó
ΰԽԽˬûϱֳ
ЩƬָôء
ۿŸµļ߻ʣƬ˼æԲλýѣԱ˽⣬һ㣬ϾԵӾģǿԶʵⲿ⡣
Щļԣ׷׾Ͳ顣
ǳתƻ⣬ΰԽˡ
ŵļ߲ģһԾţͼѰһᡣ
ϧЩƬõļǲǳصġ
䣬Ǹϡ
ȫ̿ν޷νӡ
ֱļ߶ûŻᣬȥɷΰһΡ
æһ磬ΰصƵ꣬ʱ绰
һֱڵΰ׵Ϣ绰մע⵽ˡ
绰ڼʵ˵ˣͷ۲ۣ
ΰ⻰һ¡
ڴ֮ǰһȾԼᱻš
Ͼ˼ʮϢûлضԷһ
缱ŸȥƬ·ֻǼ򵥻ظ
û뵽ϵ֮ûΡ
ֵ飬ڻǻᱻԷж
ΰ򴽣ص𴲵ʱۣ¸Ѿҩ֮Ͳˡ
šһͬϸװѯʣ¾оΣ
ΰݺƬ˶ͦõġ
ȷΰײ˵ѵӣŵԷ
ΰȥ쿪ʼоԼҳһǵĶԷԲů᲻۵۸
Ҫΰϴʾܾ밲Ŷʮڹȥ
ΰױܵ飬پڶˡ
˶٣װʵ˵½Ҳȥˣ
ΰ꣬С̽ӹںЦ
ղƣ̳Ϣôͨôû½
˭룬߶꣬˵ˡ
ҪǷָأΰʶԷǲǱȥ͵ѧˡ
ΰ׳˼֮ʣһ䣺ǲҷˣ
ΰ׻عǾԩǾúЦô㷳ˣ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰֵҿñӰ
дʵôöûشҵ⣬ҷˡ
ΰЦˣѧȥǰңǾҷ
ˣ֪ĬĬ졣
ͬʱ֪ڼǻ⡣
飬еΰױۡ
Ȼʱʵ̫ɵˡ
Ŀ飬һߣǡ
ԽԽڣǳԾ˵һ䣺ţԲ𡣡
˵ǰ飬ΰҲܡ
Ǹ㹻ʱǰƽ
ĬƬ̣˲Լͬ⣬ȥı顣
ΰҪȥƬûĶþͰѵ绰ˣڴ˯
ͬ˯˸
֮һȥƬһδɵĹ
ϷݰţҪŮǵġ
ΰжֻ߸
Ϊûΰ׾Сˡ
Щʵ⣬Щô¡
΢ת˰죬ûԼĹϡ
֮£ΰֻתأȥ˳ԹȺϲ̳
Ȼֻһ֪ô¡
ƬʲôģһŶûš
ΰԽҲţԽǺЩƬʲô
̨үҪǼ˵ʣҪ˻Ⱥ塣
ϧ;Ӱʵ̫ˣ˵ǽɱʽҥΪ
ЩνҹƬһŶû
ΰ׺ΣòԼĹϣתȥ˵Ĺϡ
ϻʮӣΰ׾ͱױʦץȥˡ
֮ΰ״ӻױ̲ס˳ϵȹӡ
Ϊ쬵ģĺûȫС
½ûһμΰ׵Ůװ࣬˾ֱþûز
ΰ׼״ܹȥ½ǰ˻Σôˣ
½ԣγѰգգ۾Щ㱣ûûô
ΰ׳˵壬һ䣺岻
½ҡҡͷȥΰ׵۾
ȷ½ˣΰ׾ûٶԷ߶
û˼Ǿ½ϲΪ˲Էᣬ֮仹ǱһȽϺá
˭룬ΰҪߵʱ򣬸첲ȴһקס
ΰ׻عͷȥֻ½ģȶ˾ơ
½ǺˣΰײЩ֣½ʲô
½˿߰˼Ҫ˳Ӧ¡
ʱСҵͻȻð˳ʦȥһˡ



148  
⻰һΰװ˿
ԼǴҵԵʣĸ֪ƽҪЩ
ϸ۲½ӣΰֻ뵽һݡĵ
ţ½϶Ҫ˼
£СҵϢ˵˵Ǽʱ궼Ϊ
ΰס˼ϴЦ½𣺡ȥҵˣݰݡ
£ΰתͷǵˡ
½ǵԶȥӰһȻʧ֮УǼᶨһҪõΰ׵ľġ
Ϊ½ҾȲҵ񣬵ҵСֻһٮٮߣүʱ಻ӣûֻʱ⡣
½ҾͲһˣļøýڸ򶼷չ
½ţ½ҽ϶ܷҡ
ΰִǶԷ۾ʵǳ඼ܳɫ
Ҫΰ֪½һǮģͻı뷨ˡ
ⲻ֪ΰĵ㣬Ͳҡ
һ飬ǻڶԷС֮ģһǡ
Ǹ죬ɡˡ
ưôУܳһֻ
ʲôû˵ǶԷ˸ɡĻ棬סһӡ
۶ܲð칫ҡ
æ깤ʱǡ᰽ϡ
ΰ֮ǰ˵ȦأЩˡ
Ҫ֪ΰľ
ƫƫڼӰൽҹڴϷȥ˯á
վӶ֪Ȧ϶ֱ֮ǰˡ
ڱû£ǵ˵
ϾҸоǴ档
뷨ɤӣеĲڣװʵᰣ𣿡
⻰ᰵһӦǣԼû˯
ľȻ˻
˵ȣᰳٳûлشΪǶԷû塣
ǻȣظһ֮ǰĻ
ٴ⣬ڿȷϲԼ˵Ļ
˭ܸǸ޲סڹ˾ĹΪʲôͻȻĳˣ
𺳵ĳ̶ȣҪ̫߳ˣ
סƬ̣᰻عھȣ㲻˵ҪĶ
ѣȷʵ˵Ļ
ΪڴԼ
תһ룬Դ̤׷·֪˶ٴ
֮ͨܿͽƽƵӣ˵뷨ǻġ
Ϊ˷ֹ˵ֱʵֱӻشңлûС
оļ٣̲ס˳ǣûС
̫ţʣȷ
ᰲ֪ھʲôӻصȷһԼ϶
ԭΪѻ˵ϣӦòˡ
˭룬Ż䣬ˡ
ԼܣԶ׼Ļɣ˵ҵĺȦء
ԣò¾֪˭
ǸΪȵΰףᰲЩꡣ
ΰϲʱΰײǡ
ȵΰ뿪ˣҪûϣĸһϣȻˡ
ԺͿʼ׷޻᳡һ·ϷԼ
ȻôʱΰǱҲûȷ˵
ûʧӣ᰺Ȼһ
Ʊж񱨣ǲʱδ
ڿɾͲӦʱ
̾˿ס˼̧۾صûС
⻰ϸ۲һᰵı顣
ȷᰲ˵ѣŰ
ĩˣֵ鲻࣬ҪȥΰǱһˣϾͻ
룬Щĵһ˾мô죿
üͷӦòм¡
꣬˼ſסԼ˵ĳ嶯͵ƺˣϣɲǡ
ᰲ˵治ǵˡ
ΪѾȫΰռˣûһ˿ռָ
⣬սԿ˼
Ƭ̣ӵͰϹ㲻ܽ飬ȥҺǳٰæ
ʵڲУԺҿϻ顣
Ź˾ôˣ뿪һͻֹͣת
ἰΪľֹǰ񴨡
˭룬Ҫȥ
ΪҲסԷֻգʡ˵̫ᷳ
һߣھƵｹ겻ⲽ
Ϊüΰȥ
˭룬ͨĹԱȱд¥ŻϷݣȻҪ֮ġ
俴۾ˡ
£
ƻ˶ˣ
˼ȥԼԴУ취ⳡϷǰС
ΪСǮ˵ϰߣûʲôǮܽġ
һ˼ڤ룬һԺ
Ǹ˵ɾ͸ɵˣŰ˾Ƶꡣ
֮ͨǰĹԱɹƬ
һ棬ҽܹƬֱʵС˵Ͷⲿ磿
ſȣĵͷǰ
鲻ȱͶʣƬ֮ŽӴµˣҸ̥
ҵǸ۵ģ˭ܱ֤᲻ΰ֡
һҵС˼ж˿϶ǲˡ
ʱʽȱڣ̥ó
üۼ䶼͸¶һɰʱʹͷ
Ͷʾ˶ȥˣαҸ۸ڶǧС㡣
뷨ƬڽУ̬ȶȸտʼ˲١
Ƭԭţ̬ȱֵ÷ܵ㣬ͻ֪Ѷˡ
ǧû㵽ڲԹɫⷽ棬ȱ
ֻҪƬûֱ˵Ͳע⵽
Ƭ˴ȦӣȫûҪߵ˼Щż
ʱʵڲ˷޹ؽҪϡ
ɤӣżɽС㣬ʵǾʽѾˡһ㣬ǲСǺû£ɡ
⻰һ˼룬üͷʵˣң
Ƭϵûˣ㣬ֻǳòǰᡣ
ȻǾƬˣ
ڼƻҪʵʩֻ
˼΢ƽЩżǲǮ
Ƭ֮꣬־ЩЦ
ңʼûб¶ҪԸ
λС϶ǲġ
ͱ˵䣬Ƭһһ߻صǮ⡣
˵겻俪ڣ߳˰ᡣ
״æȥ
ϧƬзһ̶˸ûӰ
׷׷ϡ



149 ͼӽ 
׷ƬֻŶԷıӰš
ʱǡһԱ·
Ƽվڰſڣüۼ鲼һ֮ɫΪ߷ʲô飬æǰѯʣŮʿҪæ𣿡
ԣԼձܾͷʱۼһŭ
ΪûйԱԶŭйԷϡ
ϷԱе۾û˿ûŭһ䣺Ҫ£
䱾ţҸͶ߶Է̬Ȳá
ηԱǰ·ðģֶվڼصµλã鶼С
£ֻա
ǰоǹŭûɢȥЩ
ݺݵ˷Աһۡ
Աȫһ±ƣȫ֪ʲô
ֻѯλ˳ʶԷ費Ҫ
Īˣ
صƵ꣬˼ȥ˵绰ͨϵõ˺ǳٵϵʽ
ƬǾӰӵԱǳǾӰӵϰ塣
úǳɿڣƬ϶پܾ
ȻɵϱֳҪȥΰס
˽ڣ˵㻨ǮԼ
ǳյŵʱĿⴥ䡱֣һӦǱ˸Ķ硣
ԭڣֻݵһˡ
ǵһ棬òͶԷк˼û
ǳٵʱ̬Цˡ
Ժ󣬺ǳƼ䶼Ƶߣ»ᱻԴԲ̫˶ϡ
ЩĿգǿ
ǳûϢ˺ͶŵĹС
һߣϢĹвЩż£ɴڷⲽ
ȥʼûеǳٻعĶš
͵סӵˣ״ֲ̬ӵʱ䣬Ѿ̲סˡ
ͣ½Ųǳٴ˸绰ȥ
ڴ֮ǰѾ˶Էӵ绰׼
˭룬ʵȻеĸҪпᡣ
ǳֱӰˣ
ֻźڵ˵ĻǾǷŭ
ΣŽпʵһ
Ҫص۶ȥǳ١
ͬġʦδΰ߿νһ˳
ھͷǰĵһ࣬¯ݼˡ
ЩŮǡ
ΰ׽еһϷȥױϵױж׼ȥĸǮ졣
ȿȣǾöԷ϶żˣⲻȥ
ԲǸˣ
ΰ߳ױ䣬׼ȥСҺ»֮ʣӭȻһˡ½
ĿԣΰʶҪ·ʡΡ
Ȼ½ġ
ǵûаΣ̲ļ
ΰֻͨѣ½ϲ¶ʵֻװżɰʦ
òΰײò½ֻܼһЦݻصȷʵɡ
˵겻½ڣΰ׾Ѹ˸˵һе£Ȳ˹
½ԣΰ׿ǰһ룬סԷȥ·
ΰ׾ͫһæͣǰĲ
ֵҵǣɹؽסҪһͷײ½С
ΰ׹Ǹ棬εýָͷҵ۳һǱ
½״һĨź
ϧˣΰ׾Ȼûײϡ
½ûа취ֻѹеźһ䣺ʦܷܲҼӵʱ䣿
˵ϣΰײþܾ
½˿ǰţֲһڴӦ
˼ΰ׾˽һʲô
뷨ΰɤӣżɽʵ˵˵Ҫ
ΰ׵ķ½֮࣬Ҫϵı鲻䣬籾жϷ̫⣬鷳ʦָһº𣿡
ΰ룬ָŵݸλã԰ֱȥǱŰɡ
Ͳõ½顣
½תͷȥûסԼı飬ѡʧдϡ
ԭǸƻ½Ǵλᣬΰ׵ദԷһøС
û뵽ΰ׵ľȻôݣᶼԸ
ȻѾ˵ȥˣںҲˡ
ΰ˵꣬û½ֱŵȥ
½վԭأŽΰף̾˿
Ҳ֪ʲôʱǸͷ
Ȼѹѹòȡദᣬ½Ǻϧġ
Ƕ룬ֻҪΰ״һĴƾɫ϶йԱCPġ
ԺCP۵Ķ׳Ҳΰ׷֡
뵽½͸߰ˡ
ΰǰһ·Ƴ߳ٳû˸Щ֡
ͣ½Ųعͷһ
ֻ½һվԭϹЦ
ҪݵĻеҵɵӡ
ΰ׳˳ǣ̲סѵ½ʲôأ
⻰½عһΰǱһ߻صûʲô
ΰҡҡͷתǰߡ
ҵӣΰȥϰ˶ȡ
½£ſʵﲻ⣿
ʵϣ½ûвĵطⲻĽڡ
ѯʣЩ飬һ
뵽ȥ϶ᱻΰײߣ½ɴָһ˵
ΰ׶һһ˼ⲻǺܺ𣿡
ΰһ˵½ŷȷʵˣһӾʹˡ
ǵΰ׶ӵɲǼ䣬½оҪͣˡ
Ƽ½ɫЩףΰʶʵǲ岻
½ΰ׷Լƭ˳Ƶ˵ͷе㡣
ΰ׼ʵҪҪȥҽԺһ£
½붼û;ܾˣҪ
ЦҪȥҽԺ壬͵¶
½ӣΰ׸оⳡϷǽȥˡ
ֲö½ֵ̫飬ʡöԷ˼롣
ΰ׼ãһ˵½岻̫ؾƵ괦飬һɡ
ûСƵĵͷã
һʼƬæ÷
ΰ׽񣬶˵ϢȻûоܾĵ
½Ҫֱֲ˵ֻΰȥ
˱ķΰ׸Ϣ
֪ǲƢƽصˣȻӶûһϢ
ΰ׾øɵģСŵ΢ʼ浽ҹԡ
Ϊΰһ·Թ϶û취רġ
صƵ꣬ΰ׷ûϢ̲סСֹ٣Ƣͦ󡣡
ⲻ֪ǹⲻֻΪȥ׼
ΰ׵ŵţϮԺ۾ˡ
˯ȥãֻĻȻ



150 ϲ 
ΰǱѵġ
ΰ׵СⲻڼֻӲסˡ
˼ΰüͷЬһһ˦ԴͼͨԼϽѹ
ΰţƼºСվţЩɻʵôˣ
СӻЩΰ׻ñȽ죬ʶصȻǡ
Ȼʰһ£ϾǷˡС˵ҪϢ֮ǰһض˶ԷĻ
һ֪ΰ׼ľϲ
ҪСǰ˵ˣϲûˡ
ֻһ飬ͻ֪Сһĺ¡
һСҿ϶ġ
СסƬ̣ʶԣͶȥһмĿ⡣
ЦЦʾС´βҪ³ç
ӣɹΰ׵ע⡣
ΰײ룬ºСҿ϶
ʲô£ΰûΧһʱ²
̧һۣھ㻹мӵʱ䣬ȷʵ˵һ㵽ˡ
ΰײȫȽţȥϴ
Ӧõġһǰһɳϡ
Ŀΰ׽ԡңСҽŵԷ
˼ؿڴңղŲͱ¶ܵļƻˡ
ĩˣСס˵ĸ첲ڶԷϵĿм£Һ淴Ӧ죬ȻҾ군ˡ
²̫ϰߺܽӴ
СܸоĶڡ
Լĸ첲ЦдǸ˼Ҳ̫ϰ
˵겻Сҿڣֵ´עͺˣл
Сҵͷûٽӻ
ΰ׼ϴ󣬻ϵ˯£Ь߳ԡҡ
СŲɳϱʦʰ
ΰײ֪СΪʲôʵˡ
ں棬ΰ׻һ䣺СңвƱˣ
ΰ׻ôʣȫϹµģͷ
ƽСҾ߶ţϣһҹĲƱȫн
СڼӣΰвƱҲûпܡ
ûСҿڣΰʵ˶٣
СԣЩЦûصûвƱ
ΰɻĿУС˸ӦԷ˵ķӿҪǨˡ
ΰ⻰¶ȻǨѹô
Ѱ˼˵ǨҲһҹ顣
Сһἤʵ֮顣
ΰûģСҰһ
ҺøŪȥˣǱǲ֪ô
ΰ׳ǰûԹŽûæٷʵˡ
ΪҪСҺ³ԷԸ϶ҪΪȡ
뵽ΰʵûʲôԵģ
СһĨɻ󣬡ʦǳԷ
ΰ׵ͷص԰
СҲڴӣΰ¶ЩΣôˣ
⻰С󺰡
аˣʦ
ϧܰ⻰ڵֻ¡
С»˴еĺ£Ȱΰ׺Ūȥ˵
뷨Сװܳ˵ûУЩȡ
Сҵıڿ⣬ΰײЩ֡
ϸղ䲶׽һĻΰ϶ĳ¡
ڷΧ̫ΰײò£԰ЦʵСңǲң
СҾͫһϵıûס
¼ʱӻʦˡ
˵ǣΰʵ̫š
û֤ݣֻܰסеɻû׷ȥ
˳ΰһ飺ʲô
СţȻֻһԷȫѡϲԵġ
һ˽ԴӶԷж֡
СջߣԼ
ΰԣĳʳѰҸ۱ȽϸߵĻꡣ
ӰӻظĻܶ࣬ΰױеѡ֢۾Ҫˡ
£ΰ׾ѡȨˡ
ͰֻݸСңѡһҵɡ
Сɨ˼ۣѡǼߵĻꡣ
ΰûֻ֮󣬾Ͱѵַ˾
ʵΰеϻ𣬲ǺԻ嵥һʽˡ
ͳԷȻҪԿ˵ԸΪȡ
ΪСҺǰ˾ûаΰ׵˼ȥ꣬ȥһʽ¥
ͣھ¥ǰʱΰɵˡ
عΰ̲סͷһãȻʵʲô
СҹصҺ¸׼˸ϲ
ΰ˼룬ںĵʹ£Щ²۵ܲܲҪӣ
Сҡҡͷΰ˵ȥ֪ˡ
ΰüЩ㵣ǲҽȥ
Сҡ͡һЦسΰ׻ӻֵҪȥԻ
⻰һΰٴɵۡ
Σΰ׻عָԼʵȥԻأ
СЦЦž¥ŬŬղŲǺ˵ˣȥ֪
ΰײ֪СҺ«ʲôҩֺԷ׼ʲôϲ
˼룬ΰת߽¥
֮ǰϷʱ򣬾;Ҿ¥Է
ӡҾ¥һֱܺãĩûԤԼŶӡ
ֵǣδ˷ԱȻһ˶ûС
ҪⲻãǾ¥˰ˡ
ΰ룬ú߿Դһ㡣
߽ΰ׻ܣһԱЦӭ
֪ܲĻ֮ڸʲô۶ӣС˵Ǹ׼ľϲӦòʲô£ͷĵظŷԱˡ
˶¥Աΰߵͷİᣬˣȥɡ
ΰ׵лƿǰȽյš
Ŀⴥǵ޳ͦεıӰΰ׾˶סˡ
ûпԷһô꣬ôϲˡ
ΰ׻عһһھʵôˣ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰʣʱ乫˾Ǳ߲Ǻæ𣿡
֮۾ĳ綼ҪΪʵˣ㡣
οʱˮеġ
ˣû۸㣿
ΰԣط˸ۣ˿ûԼص磬ҶģֲĶǵģô۸۸ң˵ˣֲСѣ۸ỹȥģòŸϸƵĵҡ
Щͣҷˣ
ȻôδȻΪΰ²ġ
Ǻûᣬ˳ưڳһĵӡ
Ҫΰ׬ˣ
С̴ú죬ȴûܲٴƭΰס
ʵ֤Щõ̫ƵǻʧЧġ
װС
ΰǰԹοȻٱ⸱Сƭ



151 ҪǾί߰ 
ȥΰʼûк˼Щ֡
˵ΰĹ£ӦýеͶŶԡ
ΰε̬ȾȻûơ
˼⡣
һʱ䣬־ᣬҪҪװȥ
һΰĲֻûҵı顣
̧۾ƼΰЦЦ·˵ҵҪжװ۵׶ʱӿ顣
ΰ׼״ü˵һ䣺ôˣ
սԿʼתƻ⣺˰ɣ
ΰ֪תƻ⣬ڶԷԶ̽ķϣûв𴩶ԷǵСžţװûע⵽ӻصˡ
⻰ȣסβŻع
ȵĵڣΰ׹۲ô񣬿϶תƻ⣬ûв
ǰΰ׿϶档
û뵽Ȼɹת˻⡣
ǰвһ֮ܳС
һ룬ӣ¶쳣ڵЦݣѾòˣԱܿͻ͹ġ
ЦÿȵҵɵӣΰײЩ۾
˵ģǸϵʮĳ࣬ʺ϶š
Цʵ̫ˣ
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼܲܰЦһգ
ĩˣΰСֹ˧ˡ
ΰ׿ѹ֮ľܽĶֱȽϼ⣬仰νһֲȫĶ
֪ΰʮ׷·Ͽɾֻʣˡ
ΰ׶ʧȥȤѶԷ׷Ѷȵ϶ӡ
뵽æΰ˵Цݡ
ΰ׼״ȻСе
תһ룬ǰȶԷǵ͸ˡ
ͬ˵ԱûãͶŲ˽˰ᡣ
ΰ׷ɨȥȫϲԵġ
ϲԵģһûС
ΰ׳˵壬ڷԱ˳ȥʱ򣬺ס˶ԷԸȵȣټһ񼦣һƤ⡣
ԣ۾ᡱһ
ΰ׼ӵˣȫϲԵġ
ɴ˿ɼΰ׻Ǻġ
óۣ·˷۹˶ɢ̵Ϣ
ΰ׼ˢ΢ƳЦͲֱдġ֡
ںĵʹ£ΰһ䣺ͻȻЦ
˵ûڣΰ׾Ϳʼ²ĪҼв˵Ķ̶̰ڣ˾һĿ
꣬ЩЦõǡ
ΰԴѯʣΪʲô
Ŀԣ֪ôģȻЩȤζҪΰס
һʱ䡣
ΰױٱʱŲڣ¡
ΰôû뵽ԼôãľȻ
סƬ̣ΰ۾ð𣬷ŭĥĥ
ղž˵ԷϲĲˡ
ʵ֤˸ֵͬ飡
ΰײ˹˵⣬װһ㶼ӻصҲ£˵˵
˵Сŵ΢˳ԹȺڡ
и˱ͼŮ˶˶΢Ѿըˡ
Ҫ׼㣬ΰͳϹˡ
ûÿԳһԡ
Ƽΰ׽Ļ˿ûд˼ʼĻˡ
⣬ǲͷˣ
뷨Ժĳ֮ˡ
ԭڣΰ׿ɲλú
룬ȥΰǰ̽Ժһţ
ΰ׳ԹϳԵ㣬ȴͻȻϣʱֲˬüͷżֲͷʵ
ΰ׵ĲͷֵúԣͲֱдϣȻע⵽ˡ
֪ȥλСڣֻĬĬһԡ
ȷԱ¼ӵˣſѵţóԷˡ
ΰ׷ܵءšһֻ档
е㲻ˡ
ֲԼڣֻܸϸƵģͷȰٲԲ˾ҪˣȰֻ°ɣôС
ΰ̧ͷһۣÆ°
£ΰײ鲻ԸطֻӿʼԷ
״֮־ЩЦ
ȻΰֻӲ
ΰͷԵʱһչ
ǸϺǸвˡ
֮⣬ʱʱʢ뼦Ի塣
չ£ΰ׳Եöе㲻˼ˣݹϺʱסԷ˵ֲСӣԼԷ㲻һֱչң԰ɡ
㶣ȻЦҵȰҼСιܰĳԷ
⻰һΰסƬ̣ڵһ±ͨ졣

˵黰ɾʲôʱ˰
ΰױõ٣;©ġ
ͷС¹˵ײˣֱһͷײˡ
ΰ˼ǿƽڳıһ䣺顣
ͬʱΰ׻Ŵ첲Ķ²۵ȫ¶ҪƤˡ
ΰںߣ¶ԷλСǵ߳ŭֻüװ˶ԷĻúúãҲ˵ˣϽԡ
˵꣬ΰһǴŹǣԵ㣬ÿϷݡ
ΰ׹˹ӣιֵġ
ĩˣΰֵСĵˡ
Цҡ
ȷʵԪұ˵ˣ˵ҡ
ʵֹԪңȦӣû˸鷳
ΰҲǣͻ˸²۵ķ򣬡ˡ
ֱЦˣΰʵʦ˵仰ʱѵһ㶼𣿡
ʱ䣬˭ˣӦɡ
Ҷˡ
ⷬߣΰײ顣
Դ׷ҪϿʼûڶԷ
ǰҪӵˣǰûˣҲûˡ
Ҳûڹʱÿɱĳˣֻǳ̶ûĿš
Щ£ΰ׶ʱӲˣҪί߰
˶٣ɬǻӿû˵ί
ɫЩѿΰʶԼ˵Ļе
Ȼ˵ȥĻóȥˮѾղˡ
ΰֲͣԱ졣
úõվסˡ
ΰ׵ͷɷͼԴ˶ߡ
ߴڸ̫ԣԶС
ûԼڣΰ׾Ͳò̧ͷʵ˵ɣ
˵ֱֻΰס
ΰױûܣظһղŵĻ
ɲ֨
ΰױܣһУҺǸ˰ɣ
зӦˣ¶ίߣǸһ㶼ġ



152  
ΰ֪Լղȷʵ̬Ȳãʶû²Ϸ
˶˼룬ΰ׶ߵĿ⣬оԼĺƵģЩѼɽ
ûãƾΰмܲס񹥻ա
ΰ˿ˡ
ĩˣΰʵλǸг⣿
ҲûΪ˵˼ֻΰֵ㸣
ΪΰеĽǸУһʱ䡣
ֱоΰײҪٴѯʵʱװСӻصһ£
ΰԣƲƲðأ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰ׼²۵ǸβǣװʲôС򣿡
̧۾ί֮мЩҵġ
˵ˣǴβǡ
˵װ̫۸ˡ
ͲСĨᣬΰǺЦ
Ҫ治֪Ϸ̶ֳȡ
ϧˣղû⾫ʵһĻ¼
Ҫ¼ȥǿǿ϶ᾪ°ͶҪˡ
ΰǸһʱûסЦ
ЦЩ
ǰɣװίôΰ׾ȻЦˣ
װȥˣסΰʣ۾ʵôЦ𣿡
ֱע£ΰ˿ţԸлģʽˣ
ԣ۵׵ζҪΪʵˣû취˭ĳСûĵĲϡ
ΰ⻰ʳָ˼ʵ˵˭Сûĵģ
ǣһЦص˭˾˭
⻰һΰ׵ɴ۾֮żֲˬǡ첻Ϸˡǰɣ
ü˳˵һ䣺ô㻹Ҫұ
ΰˣ˹ӣݺݻصҪףµȫȡ
űûη壬㡣
ΰϵĿ졣
Ҫ֪ԴųҪϣǰ˳ķݶ
˵ǡ칷ץΪ
û뵽ܴ̼֮󣬾Ȼһĳ̬ʼˡ
ΰײʡöԷôߡ
ɤӣΰһ䣺ȻǾͻȥɡ
ԭΪѻ˵ϣΰôŶ
ΰײû壬ֳһͷӣǰϣ
һʱ䣬Щɣΰ׵ڲں
Ƴΰ׾־ʵʲôأ
תͷЩ㱡
ǵģǰ˼ûȫ
ΰ׵һûд˼ֻظһղŵĻ
عˣ˷·˪ӣյġ
Ŀԣûʲô߰ɡ
˵ǣΰʵ̫š
ͲֱдšҲ˵ûȥ
ԭڣ˰˳Ҳǰʡ
ΰϳ֮󣬺Ȼһ顣
ոȫչԷԸûôԣڹƻš
ǶӾ¥ˣܲٵȥԡ
οڱԺܲˬӡ
ȥδԸ⡣
£ֻȻؾƵ˵ˡ
Ϊ˱˵࣬ΰڽʱһ仰û˵
ⲻ֪һֱڴΰܺ
һ仰á
ΰȫ̶ûĶҪˡ
صƵ꣬²ߣֱס᰸õķ䣬ûҽȥΰǰΰķ䡣
ΰе㲻ϰߣɨһ
һ䡰ˣϢͰŸˡ
ΰվ⣬ǰȽյķţ⼸ͷһ޴ĸо
뵽ûôԶΰ׾Է
ҾƵ긽ܶ࣬˵ʲôС
ΰװĿζ֮󣬾ſڴϷ˼Լ֮ǰΪ
յóĽǣԽԽˣҲû˵ʲôֵĻ
Լ˰Сʱˡ
Ƶ겻Сΰֻȥá
ķ䣬ΰʶɨһۡ
ԵӣΰײθС
ȥƵǰ̨ΰͣ¥
˵ݣķ䡣
Ȼ׼ŵʱȴԼе㲻á
ΰ׼ԥַ̧˺üأûš
ΰ¶ģ֪ڼֵ̧ʱ򣬽յźȻˡ
·ͻȻΰûа׼Ӧ
عʱѾˡ
ע£ΰ¶֮ɫоĶڡ
ΰ£ֻӲͷƤڣھ¥ʱûôԶ͸˷
£ΰ
Ϊ֮ǰ飬Ϊΰײˣһֱܵ䡣
˭룬·תһ˲䡣
ΰע⵽ûôԶ
ζΰײȫģͲһĻˡ
뵽۾ֻˡ
ΰע⵽̲סŲŲŲһѣôɡ
Ȼΰ׸ֹ꣬ͱ˴ק˷
ûзӦʱžͱˡ
顪һΰŻع
Աģΰ׵ĶԷæѵһҪϷ
֮⣬֡
ʵϣû˼
ֻú˵
ΰôһ˵оԼʲôеˡ
뷨ǽӹΰӣǰȦڻסԷĴ
ΰϵιʲôԱ׵ʱûжپȡ
׵ּҪ̽Ƶģΰ׺ܿмܲסƣòӡ
Ҫվվȡ
˫ȷ֮⣬ΰ׸оǻڱһᡣ
ʱƣĺԽԽѡ
ΰ׳ܣļ
Ȼ޶ԡ
ΰ׿ҪʱŰɿ
ΰ˿ؿڴͣ
״ΰˣû٩ԷǹԹԵⱳ塣
ΰ׻֮͵شһؿ𣿡
ԣæתƻ⣺Ҷˡ
ΰ֮ǰ飬ѵõûкƽϣ˾ȥԷȥҪˡ
⻰Ӧǡ
ΰƿߵɳ¡
˶٣쳣Ծΰԣʼ
һߣص۶һֱϵϺǳ٣ֻȥ׶Է
֪ǳٽҪȥư棬ȥǸưɶ׵㡣
ǳٲ֪˶һ֮һͲȥ
ڹʱֱɵˡ



153 ½Ϸ 
ߵ̸鲻棬ʽĿ˵еҪ˰Ÿɡ
ǳԣǺǺЦλС㣬Ҹоδ̫˰ɡ
˵겻䷴ĻᣬǳֵҲ裬ҲǷģǰ״С׶
ôϣö˶ţǳ٣Ҫ
ǳЦ˿䣬㲻Լ̲˰ɣ
ڼǰҾѾ·ˡ
ڸûòӡ
Ҫүүͨķʽάϵ壬ͳľų仧ˡ
ǳ˵꣬Ц˼Լĳ֮⡣
Ȼ֪ǽµƣүӸŮƵ
֪Լһ£˵˵һ¡
ǳ棬ŭһںϲµĲҭԼ
˼΢ƽ֮ŭȥ˵˵үүȥҵĳҪ˵
ǳֱЦˣбү
ϸ£үӶǼҵĿΪ˺üΡ
СͼԳ°
ǰǰ˴£ֱĿĺүӲŲʲԸʹա
ʶԼˣүӺһǰ̬߰أĿʵˡ
ĩˣүἰкʵĿһҪҡ
ǳپãͬҺǰ͸ʮͷүǸӣ϶ԥȥ
뵽ǳٹǣֳһζʮЦݣ治֪ĵ
Ǹȱ۶ǳٵİ
ûк˵ϵ£СþۻʱǱŵǸ
֮⣬Ǽȥý㣬޵ȻҪôҪô󣬵ݶǸ
£䲻ԼȦ֪
ⲻ֪֮ΪүǰŻ˵ϱ
Щŵģңλм֮ϵҡ
ȻǸʲӸǲ
Ժǳٳʱ°ͣǲмװװ
˵꣬ûȺǳٿڣֲһ䣺Ǽǰʲô
ǳʱգٴᵽʹͨϢС
Ѵʱ˷޹ؽҪϣɴתߡ
״һǰſ˫۵סǳٵȥ·
ǳٳĬĬ
ҪǴС䲻ԴŮ˵ĸͰһˡ
ǳֻܲȡԾķʽȥүӡ
֮ʣͱǳһƿ
򣬵ǰûκ׼ǱƵһģʶסǽ
ȥѰҺǳٵӰȴֶԷѾʧ߷Χڡ
߽أͼȺҳǳ١
ǳûţһ󸹱Ӳˡ
Ǳڼʱ˹Ҫקˡ
һߣԹΰ˻죬ȥԡϴˡ
ˮûãΰ׾յ½Ϣѯʱ㷽㣬ԶƬΡ
ΰ׿һʱ䡣
˵࣬ڻúܡ
ΰ׾ͬ½
½յϢ˷ܵôɳϱ
֪ΰͬͨѣζŻлᡣ
ⲻˣ
½˼òײſסž籾˳سš
ΰʱ½̧ͷһ۷š
ֺеĲһλ½ЩԼ
ѵǴˣ
ûã½˦˦Դ
ˣڲǾЩСµʱҪȺΰ죬һղҪ֮¡
뷨½ͺΰ׿ʼ
½̽ʵʦҽȥȱ𣿡
ΰ⻰һĨΡ
ķ䣬Ҳǲ½ȱ衣
վڵſڣҪ½ȥţ֪϶ը
ΰ룬ûҪΪ½ðַգ͸ܾˣֱİɡ
½Щʧ䣬ܿ״̬á
ţ½籾ָָ滮ߵĲʵҲ̫Ҫôݳ
ΰ׽ӹ籾ϸһ
ò˵½ѡȷʵмϴס
Ȼΰݼ˵΢˼һ¾ܸˡ
ǰ󲻹ӵʱ䣬ΰ׾ʹӱݼӦСһһ½˸顣
½ֻΰס
û뵽ΰ׾ȻģҲ
ʱԡϴҪϴˡ
ӵʱ䣬͹صԡ塣
뵽ΰϲĸûڣʲôûдԡΧϾͳȥˡ
̵룬ϣΰ׵Ȼѳֲס˵ڴ
Ȼ뷨ûʵ֡
Ϊһԡҵţн̸
Сƶһ£ΰڵλã͸ſڸ
Ǳ¶Ҳûΰ˿ãǽ΢΢̽ͷȥ̽
Ƽֻ½һڣĵ˳ȥ
ΰױֳڸ½Ḷ́ûע⵽ˡ
½һ̧ͷͺĿ¶׹ˡ
ΰ׷ԼŽţ½Щ֡
ŶԷתһֻվڲԶν൱ơ
סƬ̣ΰ׻ع˼顣
Ǹ̳ӳɾԸѾ׷ˣ
ȻһζʦϹæİ
ձòãΰ׵¶ˣڨЦصûУⲻԱҪΪһ˵꣬Ͱһ¡
˵ǣʵ⡣
Ų½ǰΰ׳ܣҪֵΰ׸ܺõӣʱûкͶԷƽϡ
ĩˣ̧첲ΰ׼ϣЦеҺΰҪϢˡ
½ԣûǽĿͶΰѵʦһҪˡ
ΰ󿴿ҿоԼվм䣬·ıмǲġ
Ȼ½ûͨ˼
ΰҲûᣬһòЦ˵½Ȼȥɡ
ʲôĿ΢ҡ
ʵڲУ͵ȥƬٸ㽲
½ģ֪Υΰ׵Ը׻ѶԷƿ
֮£½ֻõͷðɣҾȻȥˣϢ



154 Ҹ̫ͻȻ 
ǰ½ΪӦЦʦȥƬ
ΰ˼룬ЩãȻգգʵȥ
ļûгǰ˴ҹϷ
˳ĻҲĵ賿һ㡣
˳Ϳݰˡ
ҪǶԷǵϢ˵׼ֱͨ
£ӦóŽʱ䣬ץס˯һ
ΰţǲģ
ˣҪӵĴ
û½ڣΰֵУ˯
½ԣЦݽϡ
½ܿͽָ糣
½ģһ飬ʦĲȵʱ𣿡
ΰ׻ûüܾ˾ͱ
ѯôµʱ򣬶ԷͳдԵԼ𣬡˻˵˲УҪôҪҪ
⻰һ½Ц˲ʧˣȡ֮׽ӵɫ
ڳļƣüۼǵ֮ɫ½ǸΪǵҶˣ
һȵ£½ȥҲûõȥ
ǣλεĳ֮ǰԼûкұȵʸ񡣡
˵겻½ڵĻᣬ˵һ䣺Һΰôĸ飬ʲôұȣ
½Ц˿ز̨ôʲôãǻǷˡ
ĩˣ½׼ûǴʦûӦ㸴ϡ
ݲ˵һģֻʦ׷֮һˡ
ʦ飬Ҳİ¡
ҪǰҪùȥڡ
ò˵½һˡ
ٺãһĶ½Ѫܵġ
סƬ̣ǿعֻɲЩȻ
ӣΰ׻̵ͷˡ
ûηΰ׾һվ˵½ҺôûаëǮϵڹܺԼһĶֵذɡ
½⻰һʱ
֮ԸҹȻΪƶΰײǻ
ôû뵽ΰ׾ȻỤ
߹ΰ׸ûиϵİ
û½ô£ͼΰװƽһ붼ԥعš
½վԭأĿ̡
뵽ΰѾˣپȥֻʵ䷴Ȼطǵѡ
½ûа취ֻܲ鲻Ըˡ
ΰߵɳ£˫ֱۿһɸֵӡ
ƽﲻǺ˵𣿡
ôֵ½ʱ仰˵
ŵܲãҪҳ㣬ˡ
ЦЦûзΰ׵Ļĵ¶Щߡ
˵ģûΰ׾Ȼά½
ڴ֮ǰЩΰ׵ڲԼ
ΰ׸ղŵı֣Ѿдˡ
뵽ΰԣһѽ§ԴڶԷļϣж֮żּ˵ţá
ΰȫû뵽ֻǰ˵䣬ԷķӦȻô
һʱ䣬ΰײԺ﷭ʱĻ䡣
ͬʱ˼һ⡣
ƽǲǶ̬̫ˣڶԷô㡣
Լ˵꣬ΰһ˼ӣʱ˼ɻ
ǵ˵Ի·̫һֱӿѯʣţʲô
ΰ׻ع뷨ѿڶԺǲҪһ㡣
⻰˶ɵˡ
Ҹ̫ͻȻе㲻ţǰһǷĳ
ֱΰ׵ٴⶨȷԼΡ
ΰ׻£Щģûг׻عӣ֡
Ҳû˵ʲôֵĻ
ΰװ˼⣬ǰ˻ΣʾԷϽ
̧۾ŨŨЦ⣬ûʲô
˵ǣΰʵ̫š
о̫˵û׷ȥ
ϾΪŻᱻ½
ƳʱЩˣΰԼûϴ裬ǰ˵Ҫȥϴ衣
ԣԹԵɿ˻ˣʲôͣ
̫죬ΰԷǰӣоرϰߡ
ΰײɣǲǾ׷̫࣬׷һ벻׷ˡ
Ϊ£ΰ׾ڻһ䣺С
£ΰ׾߳ȥ˸ڷ䡣
ΰϴ뵽кüϷıȽϴֻ֣Ҳˣֱӹص˯
һҹΡ
գΰǱӻѵġ
ΰϰߣʱ˵㣬׼ӵĴ
֪λСȥ͵Ĺ
괲ˣŸʽͻص䡣
̧һۡ
ߵʮ
⣬ΰӦˡ
ͣ΢һ̣ȥš
ʱΰԡϴû
˵ȣûţ̧һʱ䣬ѵû𴲣
˼ΰ׷һϢѯʶԷûС
ΰʱǡôԡҳ
ֻʾΰüСֹ˭ľ͸ҷ΢š
ΰײɾϲˮ飬ȥֻ
ģΰһĨȡ
Ȼôˣ
һ䡰ˡΰ׼ȥ·ǰ롣
ΰٻϵ˯£ȥš
Ŀԣΰʵ£
ԣһЦҰˡ
ΰ⻰ʲô͡
ʱ飬ûô⡣
û뵽ȥˡ
ΰס˼Цֵܲõˣҵ
΢΢׵㲻ĻԸ㵱
ڿЦڿ飬ΰ׼æڰ־ܾɣҵҪҳһࡣ
һصΪţҿԴݹ
ΰ׷˸ۣһؿڣһģô塣
ɤӣˣϽͣȻҪȥƬ
ΰ׵ͷϷźȥ˸ڡ
ĿⴥǶʳΰǲ˼顣
ĩˣΰתͷǺǺЦ㵱ôණ
˿ţдʻص˵˶УҲ֪ʲôɴ඼ˡ
ΰһ䡰ܼҡɳϣһݳ۳
ĬĬݸΰһ
ΰ׼״ԷһƤC࣬Ҳԡ
һߣ䵣ҹζ࣬Ҳ׼ȥҺǳ١



155 ˼ 
ںǳԱˣ첻òһ㡣
ǰƳĸľȻɳϣۿΧһȦɫˮۿתæȥѯ裬ôˣ
ĸԣ̧۾ְ֡Ůˡ
֪ĸĵԭǸ׳죬䲻Ϊ裬ļֻͥҪֲŮ˴ͺˡ
ЩûŮ˶Ϲһֱֻ۱ֻۡ
˵ģΪºͰֲֵá
˵ûҪǵðֲˣѾͲˡ
ĸʱǸòŮǡ
ΪӵӵһϲŮǡ
ڻ꣬һֱûжټԼͱүӷˡ
֪ҪȢŮǣүӲδ෴ԡ
˽֮ĸΪԼ޽ţⱲӾܸˡ
ȻĻӣΪһͷĴƬɭ֡
ʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ʼʱ˼ĸ棬ֻ͵͵ĳ졣
ĸƶҵڼֱſʳӿ˲١
鼸꣬Ӷû
£𽥱޼ɵ
ĸĳԷʱ򣬻ӵһСĵ绰ǲµĸ
Ϊ£ĸ̲ȥˣʼĴҽ
˲ҩڻˡ
ϧµǸŮ
ҽӵʱ򣬸ɲתˣԺ󶼲ˡ
ķ֣ӴҲûŮ˴š
ĸΪˡ
ⲻ֪˳ˡ
ط꣬ͬɲһһʰһŮ
ĸһֱڹֱղյǼֵƬ֪ЩĶǾˮ¡
ûѯʣĸھҪҪ߶Է
ˣ˳ƻصŮˣӡ
ΪΣУŪȥǽ̵˵˳
䣬ӣζ㲻ĶŮ
һ˵ļҲҪķݣݳȥ
㶼òú֣󷽡
ĸ˵䣬˼ֳ
ŮվߣĲ֪ôˡ
þûز
Σգգ۾ŭᡱһ³ͷ
߬ȭͷʵĸʵҰģ
ĸ״Щο
ҺŮɵ֪ҪȡԼ档
ס˼ĸֻ˷ѷϢ6
꣬𼱻ǳţ˾ǰ塣
Һǳ£Ѿȥˡ
ֻˣ
һߣΰ׳ͣƽߵˣӰӶûš
ΰ׾Щ֣뵽̳ӳɾƵģʹ˴Էĸ첲ʵСҺȥˣ
תͷüص£
̫ˣΰǺǺЦУҲϲŮӡ
ߡһ㲻ϲŮӣŮӲϲ㡣
ΰ⻰ʵ̲סˣ淭һ޴İۣͲֱӰѡдϡ
״·ץסΰ׵İѱڿʼҷˡ
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼڿʼ㷳
ΰû˵ᡣ
ɵӣȻΰ׵֮
ֵˡ
ΣסΰСûĵġ
ΰĵԼҵ֣˹˵ҵ
ԣǵûа˼һ䱾һ
̫죬ΰ׸Ӧ
عѾ˼¡
ΰһʱ͵زЬλһš
һΰ΢ƽЩ
Цһΰ׳ʹĵ˶Էֻҵ֡
ţΰ֮ľ롣
ΰվԶ˫ֱ۸ɳϵ˵ò棿
仰жϳΰе㲻ˣһǰη̬ȣЦŻһ䣺档
˵겻ΰ׿ڣ͹ԹԵǸˣԲ𡣡
ΰױͦģͻȻŵ̬̬ȻôϿңû취ˡ
ȻŹе㲻ġ
ΰװӣûд
ˡæȥΰס
ΰ̧һʱ䡣
ˣֱתȥٲ߾Ҫˣٺˡ
꣬ȥΰµԷʱ䣬ֻŶԷˡ
ΰܴ¥СҺѾڱķˡ
ֻΰһˣСһΰ˿
ûˣСҳںһ䣺ʦûиһ𣿡
ΰһϳһ߻صûС
оΰ鲻ǺܺõӣСҾûȥ
ȥƬΰƳ½ϣŬž籾ϵ̨ʣ˶û֣Īο
ʵϣԴΰ߽һ½Ѿע⵽ˡ
֮ûбֳΪǵöԷˡ
ֵ̫磬ΰ׿϶
һ˼ǿǵòʧˡ
뷨½ֻܼͷ
ΰ߹ȥսԿѵ½ĺ簡
½̧۾¶ȵʦ
ΰԱߵϣ㲻˵˻в׵ĵط
⻰½
ʵûв׵ĵطֻڣΰ׶ദһ
ھһϷûˣȻһõʱڵ㡣
½򴽣һΪѵʦһûбһϷ̨ʣϷ۰ɡ
ΰû뵽ԼᱻܾסƬ̲Żع
½ΪԷ˼ûϡ
ڿ½ֻǵҪ
Ϊʲôΰ׾Ӧ֮ʤ
Ϊ½˵Ҫ̨ʣΰײ˼ŶԷͺԾȥ˻ױ䣬Żױʦ͡
ΰ׽Ҫʢװϯ͡
ͷͲ˵ϵȹҲ൱ӡ
ΰһŪֻŲùԱ
ŪеĶΰڳĴߴ£߳ױ䡣
ʱԱѾȫˡ
ΰ׼״˼ЦЦæߵͷǰ
ŵһ£ΰ׼æﷳҵ˼ȫȫͶ뵽㵱С
ΰϷٶȺܿ졣
ԪּԱĴݣΰ׾޵ˡ
ΰ⺢ӣúݼá
ֻҪΥ飬϶ܴϣ
ͬ뷨
ΰҵˮƽʵ̫ǿˡ
ֳĹԱȫϷ



156 ѹϷ 
ΰƬŬʱ䣬Ҳڷ俪ʼһĹ
᰷ļ࣬ܿ͸ˡ
ײһĻ½һĲŻҪȥΰǰˢڸС
鷢չȥ½϶Ҫ۶
һΰᶨԷʲôֵ뷨ˡ
뵽˯£֪ͨ˾¥µҪȥ˼ֳ
˾յϢһʱ䰴Ҫ󣬰ѳͣ˾Ƶſڡ
˳ޱߴٵˡ
оϰļУ˾ӦõġһӶûҵͲš
;Уһ׮ڰ·ˡ
˾³ѯ
صϣȲһ䣺ô˵
˾ͷ˵ŻҪСʱܴá
ĩˣ˾̽ʵٵȵȣ
üͷʲôû˵
˾״֪ϰ鲻ãһֶûҶ˵ĬĬǰ浱ˣԷҪǨŭԼ
ʵ˾ûҪġ
Ϊû˼ָ
ӶΰףԼ½Ǹͼǽŵļһ
ʱ䣬ȥƬҪʮӣϵȴİСʱƬʱͲһСʱˡ
˵䲻ģȥƬƻ˶ˡ
Ȼͨ¹ڲɿأżҲûа취
֮£ֻ÷ϢᰣѯʻûʲôҪ
˵иϻ顣
ʱڡ
Ĺһ꣬ͿһֱƬΰˡ
ᰲô£ǰ˼Ϣ֪ͨȥ
ʱյϢ˷׷׵Ϲ˾ڲϻ顣
ҪΪ˹˾õĿ
Ŀո𲽣ҪⲻǺܶ࣬СʱҾܽˡ
ͬϣǰûгСʱͽ⡣
ƳѾֳæĻǱߵһ䣺Ļ͵ɢᡣ
£ûǿڵĻᣬֱж˻顣
ȥ˼ֳ³֮ǰ˴š
ȷԼŲ½ŷ¾ӣƿȥ
һŴеټɢһ·ͨߵƬ档
гԱҲûǰѯ
úɣΰǸոĵϷݶϢ
ƳˣŮټæӭӵܣôˣ
֪Ҫղžעˣ
Ҫּ֪ĴУƽǼŵġ
ò׼һ棬úúñֲС
˵ģ֦ԺͲΪǮˣ
δټæס˼ЦӯӯʵҪȵʲôȥ򡣡
ĿһеΰЦֻЦͣڱ棬ûе۵ס
״֪ٲ̬ΰ׾Ҫˡ
ΰ֮ǰػһ䣺λС㣬ʶ𣿡
仰һ޴İƣصشϡ
ԵֲЦˡ
ΪԼЦӯӯغкԷ޸Ҳ̫ѿ
û뵽ȻǸ˲ʿˣ
ݼٺãסϵı飬Ц˴뾽ȡ
˵꣬ûֱߵΰǰˣ
ΰ׶˻ȻԻ򼵶ʵĿ⣬оĶڡ
ƫƫ˻Цеؿ˿ûиоΪκβס
ۿ˵ȣԵʲôϣΰײе쳣
£ΰֻ͵͵ȥ񾯸Է㣬ͱȥ
ΰ׵񾯸£ò
ϧԵĲԴȫ֮ǰĹϵͬһ㡣
ΰڲӣѾˡ
Ȩΰ׵ʾ£ԹԻصš
ߺ󲻾ãԪһعȥΰ׵ļʵСΣܡ
ΰţѾôԲԲȥʵʵ˵ˡ
뷨ΰʵǰһˡ
Ԫԣֱס
һֱΪΰרϷˣû뵽ҲȦһЩһе˿ȸ
֪ϢԪͷ˲䱻ŭ֡
ûƢΰֵʮʶˣ֮ǰһ˺üֹ꣬ϵ
⻰Ԫٴס
Σګګ÷
ΰЦЦҡҡͷص÷㲻ϣڶеʱʶġ
ΰ׵ĽͣԪͷǹŭȥˣֹϵͺãһָϷ²ҵǡ
ΰԣסƬ̲˼²磿
ԪЦŵͷǰҾϲݼõԱ
Ҹ̫ͻȻΰ׶̫ġ
ֱһ飬õȷ𰸵ʱȷǰһвԼĻþʵġ
ΰ׻عգգ۾˵һṼģ
˵£ԪҺΰ˼䣬ͻȥһϷĻطƵˡ
ΰģױͻԼλ£׼Իϡ
˭룬Ŵ΢ٵʹͷϷΰףܺ죿
ΰ֪̽ģ˵ģɣС
شʵ̫š
ԭڣΰ׽ķʽ̫ˣԲӡ
ΰƭ߰ɡ
뵽ٹϼΰףŪңǺ𣿡
ΰЦбȥ¡
仰ĳҧҧڣ
⻰һΰ׺ʲôرЦ¡
ǵһμô֪ߵغˡ

±Ӷʵֲˣ
ڸⷽϣǺܷǸ˵ġ
ΰûٴ٣Թˢ΢
վһԣΰװڳܾ̬Сᡱһð˻⡣
Ҫǹ˼Ƭ˶ӣͿˣ
˼ٵǿƽ˵㣬ɲдŭĺۼ
ٶݺݵΰһۣԼλá
Լ˶ʮӣһϷʼ㡣
֪ͨԱʱһѡ
ȻʽʱҪõݼΰѹݲ
ĺʵȴܹǸС
ʽ㿪ʼ֮ΰϷٶȱҪϲ١
ֻﰲοԼϷʲôãܲѹ
ȻõݼʱȱΰײûнӲסϷ˷ˣ
ģϷĽƿΰ
͵ݼѹ˲ɷѹ볡̨ʶ˽ӡ



157 ѹϷɷѹ 
ԪҼ״̺cut
ţԪҾȶųе˺٣ղŲ̨ʣŸʲô
ⳡϷݵúúõģ˵ݼԾǻҪʡ
˭룬һԱȻ˽Ӳֵ̨ͼ
Ԫҿϧ֮ǰЩľͷԽԽ
ǵ׽һĲ֮ʣŭһ̨ס
Ԫûŭ˷׷Ͷ̽Ŀ⡣
ע⵽ˣԼ£ʽĵڶͺԪͻԺӿɾѰˡ
뵽æһЦݣǸԲ𣬸ղˡ
Ԫüͷ΢壬ٵĲϲѾ˸
ֻԼϲµˣټٰ̬ȰڳˣֻǵһNG̫Է
˿ԪеķϢʮӡ
ΰԣƵߵԼ¡
Ϊղʱ䲻ʱҪȥһױʦױΰ׾һŶһ߷籾˵̨һ
ٴο֮ǰԪ룬ȥΰԣԷСΣҪǻ˳ǰɡ
ΰױΪҪ˵ʲô¡
û뵽ԷȻԱ
ΰ֪ԼݼⲿϷǺܶ࣬ôǰǰд󣬾ЦԪң˵λʦݼܺãӦòҪ
Ԫ⻰ΰ׵ļݼȾ󲿷Ҫá
ùӺ󽱱٣ղžûסϷ
˵ǰʱǱϷ
Ѿˣȫ档
Ԫôһ˵ΰײǰ÷һĻ
˳ȥڨΪ۾˶ܿóԷΪ
ʵȦԱʸ֦Ǻܳ顣
һ£Ҷ·˽ȥС
ģΰǰû
ΰײϲڱ۱ˣֻǵ˵ͷʾͬ
˵£ԪҺΰ˼䣬оʱˣͻȥ֪ͨڶϾҪʼˣøźԱ׼
ΰ߽ڣ;ԵɲǼ䣬ǡɲ׽˶ԷеĶ⡣
ĨһƾƵʮС
ΰֻоĪ
ʲôûΪʲô
ѵΪûֱˣ
ԭӦȥʼٸλԹȺڡ
Ҫ֪ٳôĳһֶû˵İ
ΰԽԽԼԩ
ʶԼȥӰ㣬ΰ׼æ״̬
پǹͼͨķʽȻг
УԲĲŮ˵óѣ
뷨ΰ׺ܿͽ״̬ˡ
ŵһ£ڶ㿪ʼ
ΰͬһ㣬һ̧۵ĹѸϷ
ǰ󲿷ָϵԱԵе衣
ԪҼ״үͷԣΰ׼ֱү׷ιԡ
ݼܺԱǱ˼ʮϷϷ൱
ԪҶžͷˣ۵׵ļҪΪʵˡ
ԪҸпһĻʱǵС˼ֿʼ
ţղݼѹ˲ɷѹ϶Ϊû׼á
׼ˣΰǰһء
һͨΰײûԤĽӲϷұֻ֮ǰӳʡ
ɵˡ
Ҫδߣ֪ԼʧԪҾҪˣıͱˡ
ȻǿסΰȴŹ
Դΰ׾ͲΪίԼǵ϶Ҫȥġ
ΰϲ֮֮
ٸղݼѹҪݼѹȥ
ʵ֤Щ˲Ͳ
ΰ׻ȫ£ȵ٣˵Ǻм֮
ǰ󲻹ӣٵıݾ˼ʧ
Ԫע⵽һ仯ٴȽͣ㡣
Ϊȫ̶ڽžͷȻ֪ʧô¡
˵ԼʵϲȥòˣžͱԷѹˡ
˴̽Ŀ£Ԫûٸ棬ֱӰ˺ǰʵô£
˵ΰ׹ѹϷ
ѿڶ֮ǰʱסԼ
ϸ룬˵ˣҵ϶ܵɡ
һ´ȥҪٽӵõıӾˡ
ûа취ֻܷŵ̬ǸԲûϢã½״̬ѣ鷳ˡ
ԪüͷýģҪĲǵǸȡ
ķⳡϷָĵʲôʱȥ
ҲǸճСԱˣôܷӲסֵ̨ͼ󣬻Ρ
٣ʵңⲿϷ㻹벻ģ
׹仰Ǳ̨ʣټæصȻġ
ϰ꣬ӲñӣܹעѾµơ
ٽһƷҪˡ
ԪҺĻᣬνǻһ˼Ŷġ
һΪǸŮǣȥ϶ᱻЦ
ٹǸ棬ͽŵú
ԪҺҪΪҪôһ
ٺˣԪҰһ
֪֤оȣⲿϷŮֻܻˡ
Ԫס˼ɫڣСʱԼ״̬
⻰æл
ȻԪҪĶлл
٣ͣȥΰס
ĿԣΰԤϵԪҪ˵Щʲôһֻ̬ҪңҾͲѵ
õҪĴ𰸣ԪοΣίˣСΡ
ΰЦЦûٽӻ
Ԫ˼ȥпȥұ˵һ£ΰɫӵϷ
ΰôõԱɲûˡ
ԪߺΰϣɻױʦˢԼϻȥ
ױΰ׸оģһʱûסתͷ˸硣
Ƴ½ΰ̲סСֹһ䣺Ҳ̫ڿˡ
䣬½ǡߵǰ
ΰ̧۾Щʵˣ
½һߵͷһָž籾ϻߵƬ˵ﲻ̫⡣
ΰ׽ӹ籾ɨ˼ݡ
ƬѾˣԸ½͵ʱ򣬶ÿ籾
ΰײҪ籾٩٩̸½оԷ˷·ڷŹ⡣
ΰ׷һ࣬òװϢˣ½ѧȴֶԷȻƤ¹Ȼ
½̬˲Ϊΰ׿˵൱
½عΰ׵ˣﲻֻҡ
Էͣȴִ˽



158 Ƶ 
½ûüڣͱһΰס
Ϊΰױڵķ򣬹ʶ֮ǰǲ֪Է˵ġ
ʱһΪԼ˻
ǵڲǰѾ뿪Ƭˡ
⣬ԷӦþƵ꾤ҵҵ
ΰ뵽˻Դ
׼ס˼ѯ½˼ʱð˳
ΰ¿ȷ֮ǰһΰסǻˡ
ѭԴתͷȥֻڴ
ֱͣڰ벽ԶΰŴӾлع
Ŀԣΰһ䣺ôˣ
ԣЩ˵㣬ԣ
ΰƳΧߴż֮Щ壬ԡ
ʶԼķӦеˣ᲻ΰ׼æŶӰ첻̫ãؾƵңòã
ΪԹΰ˵󶼴Щζ
飬붼ͻӦ¡
Ƚ⡣
оţһЩûʵɲΰףֲȱۣôܷĵ¡
½С˵־͸ˡ
ΰ׷Լ˵꣬ȫûд˼ֱ½֡
˽⣬ӦǺ½Ŷԡ
Ͼ֮ǰ½׹
ڿôԤеĲһ
ΰװ˼⣬ɴֱ˳϶½
⻰üͷ¶ίôҿ۶С
λ⣬ΰͷ
˼ôҪⷽ롣
Ȼ˳ǿԡ
ΰ̾˿קסԷĸ첲ӽ͵ûв㿴ֻ֪㿴ԭ򡣡
˶ӣΰײú̫ԣֻ͵͵˻ĸ첲
ΰţϣӦò˰ɡ
Ȼȫΰϡ
ͣûΰ뿪ǽìͷ׼½½ܶˡ
½ԣʵܣʲô˼
Ц˿ȥ춢ű˵İ²ͼǽţ˵ûеµߣԩ𣿡
⻰½ͬ¶Цܣʦİ£
˵겻ڵĻᣬ½˵һ䣺ڻǰ죬ôͿʼˡ
£½ɷµصͷҲԣοɲڰ
һĳƽٵҲЩŭɫ
ò˵½׼ȷĵ㡣
ôʱˣΰʼղԸϣһ֡
Դ׶ԵԲ˳
ԽԽܣɫ
½״ηӲŭĿ⡣
о֮ĻҩζŨңΰ׵æվмλã彫Ǹ
ȷ֮ΰ׾תһȰ˵Ŀꡣ
ɤӣűǵȵߣЩοڣ½Ȼȥɡ
⻰һ½סƬ̣ί֮Щƾʲôߣ
ΰ׻ûüڣͼ½ڰ㰡
ΰףǰôãôܺ˰ء
˲ͬһطΰ
½ĵӣΰǵִˡ
Ϊ½͸øƵģǶе˼
ڿ½Ϊƽˡ
ǰߣΰ׻ܶ½ɫ
Ǻߣ½ǳ˽ģΪã治˼ҡ
ΰûа취ֻܺͶԷԴһвУ
½ЦˣʹҪҲҡ
ΰȰȰʱȴ½үû̹ϰף
½°ͣüۼ鲼Ųмһϰףϣ
ۿҪΰ׼æֹ˵䡣
ͣʱ϶ʵڲ֪ǺõΰףԪͶȥȵĿ⡣
ԪţȥΰãԾӰҲã;֪ͨȥ׼һ£׼ˡ
ΰ˳Ƶ½ϾҪˣȥһױʦױɡ
½ܾˣ鲻Ըˡ
ΰ׼״һ
Һ½ˣ治֪ôճ
Ȼΰұ˲룬ͱˡ
ֻյĶߣֻ˵һ䣺ϻȥʰ㡣
˵ֱˡ
ΰ׻عʱѾ߳Զľ룬׷ȥͶ
תһ룬ٵ̶ȣǳҹϷܲ˳ɻδ֪
Ҫٵ״̬ãɺ͸ղһԪִģĸͨ
ʰҲÿٸ
ΰ׾ãټǺˣ϶ʹ˰ݡ
ҹϷʱٹƻ
Ҫ֪һκܳĶϷ
뵽ΰԭȵȫʧˡ
һߣĸϢżɱСס
ǡҪ죬ڼ֮ǰȥʣСӡ
ʱСԴŮ²۵϶ְֳǴӿˡ
һȴ˸ĺ´վ⡣
С˭ǾԶÿһ·
һ룬ɫȹźɫīŮӳ
СȫҸһ۾ϳԭŮ䡣
űִСûлңЦӯӯʵ䣬£
ûдתͷԼڶݺݵң
Сȫû뵽侹Ȼôơ
û׼Ӧ
ֱӵĿ޺Żع
ϧֹѾˡ
ıڣȫңмҵ˸顣
С̳ȥסӡ
䲻̤븸齨ļҡ
ĿⴥǽȫҸۿһӺˡ
һҪߵȫҸǰ棬ݺȥ
ڵɲǼͰ
侲ղŲƬɵ۾Ҳе¡
ƳСһԸŭԣû˼ȥ˶Էƣűˡ
뿪ĵطûлؼңȥҺǳ١
ˣҪø޽Ҿͳһѡ
һΰ׾ͳϰ
ԳΪ˼Ͷ̣Ͻɵ顣
ȻʱԽԽ϶
뷨ıһ²ԡ
ٴμǳٵʱ򣬾ͱÿˡ



159 Ϊ 
ǳټ״ʶƳһ۴⡣
Ҳûº꣬ô͸˸Ƶġ
˹ˡ
ǳپúϡ棬ϵĿⲻϼ̽
ע⵽ˣԼʵҵױˣ
˵ûȺǳٿڣʹӰͳӣɫŵؼױݡ
ȷûиۣ۾ǿҲûױ񾭲ŷ
ӷŻذ̧۾ֱӵԼ⣬Ͷǹ˾һӾ硣
ǳһĨȣ䣬ͶʿɲǶϷ
ҪǲӾ治ãǮҪˮƯġ
Ƣʱ϶Ҫˡ
С𡣡
ǳپû˵ϣǸҪ˶ˡ
Ȼǳǧ㣬Ψ©һ㡣
䲻ֹȱۣ϶һ֮󻹻رִ˵ʮͷţ
Գǵû˿ȴ֮⣬һˣǳ٣ͶʾҲԼ飬ҲҪǮģɲصġ
Ҿû룬Ҳȱ㵽̶ֳȡ
ЦҼ˵״Լ׬ǮԱʱ֮衣
ȦϢÿ졣
űȥС˵飬ߺ󲻾þ͸ϳƵģȦﴫ
ǳ֮ǰûˢһȦǡÿˡ
е״ǳ֪ô¡
̯£ܻɿڡ
ǷϣȫûԷͷ
ԭڣǸ۸ڶӣʵ˷ǳõӡ
˽⣬Էڳ⸱ģ˳װġ
ղűܾˣָùѪͷ
ò˵ǳˡ
䷢̬ȷŵôͣǳûдӦ˼̲סƿڴ
֪Լںǳ٣ûʵֳ
ȻСαװڸǺݼԡ
ϲŭдϣǳٽһ۾Ϳ͸ˡ
սԿǳȥɡ
ԣüͷʵƾʲôͶʣ
ĩˣֵŵǮҪ
ǳٹǣ΢΢һЦصӰӲȱǮСŸԼ򼸸ɡ
˵겻俪ڵĻᣬǳٳСȥ
ǳٻ£ʹ߽
ͱ׳ӣЩ
ţҪúǳٸıʱ˸롱 Ķ
䲻ľ뿪ζҪٳһ¡
뷨סӵıԵͬʱתӣͼ㹻ջķ
Ȼ仹ûȻͼ
о
Ҫǹ˼ֱ޲ſϡ
Ƽ䲻ϣ໥һ
һ룬һһվԣһקŶԷһֻ첲ͬʱȰ˵С㣬ǵĹ
һŮӣ޷һԵǯƣοڻ
ǰٽ޼¡
£䲻߳ŭݺקˡ
Ϊ
ĸ첲קǾͰѶԷǳȥ
䴦ڿ״ֻ̬ܲͣԵ
ǳţȥˡ
תۼ䣬ҹȻ
ΰ׳Թֱױʦקȥ˸͡
ⳡҹϷΰݵĻҪɫ/սŴϻױʦԭ֡ᱡ
ΰǲɫɴٵͷԼǰĶǶоĶڡ
Ҫ´ȹӣ綼ȤƷˡ
ڳĴߴ£ΰײòŲڣ߳˻ױ䡣
ܼΰŮװӣΰ״·ڴҰʱǻǱΰ׾ˡ
ĳѾΣǺܿͻعˡ
п˭˲Ժ
ԣһЦ˼ҿɿȨƵˡ
üͷǲë˾
˺ҪCPٲðѹϵ̫û˵
״ĬĬΰǱŲŲ
Զ㡣
Ӳѣ㲻صǻյϵġ
뵽ŲŲӣ޲ٰ˰Զ
ע⵽ˣɫ˲ѿ
ȻûˣԪǱ߾֪ͨҪˡ
ûа취ֻܰʱѹĵף׼пʣʲô˼
ΰĿȫ뷨ֻһ
ǾԺʺе⡣
ÿһ飬ϸԱʱ򻹲ֹһ
ΰԽԽΣ̵ֲ֪Ӳɡ
ᣬΰֻȰԼֻҪǵͷϣ͵ǲڡ
ΰԸעҪˡ
ٲǲܵġ
ΰ׽ⳡϷڹ꽫֮󣬶ԷûϹҪץʡ
ڲֻӴ֮Уһˤ˺
ݵŮ·Ľȴٳ֡
֮У˵Ļ֧ٴε˺
ΰξʱ˼Ʈϡ
ΪӺΰ׾öԷӦûݼġ
鷳˼ûϷ棬ⳡҹϷѰŶҪǶԷҪΪ϶ڵǶ˲ͣNG
ΰ׹Ǹ棬͸оԼģҪðˡ
ʵ֤ΰ׵Ĺǲ޵
һεݺͣʱΰ׾֪Ԥˡ
ڶΣ￨ˡ
ĵΣĴΣٶڿǡ
̨ʣǽӲϷ
һʧ룬ӵɵöҪˡ
ΰױڵ촽ˣһĨ⣬NG
Ҫΰ֪ʲô˶ǵġ
ٵļƻûʵʩͱԪҺȥʵNGΰ׸ʲô
⣬ȴԪȵ˵ǹġиô꣬ǲǹһ۾ܿó
ԪҪΰ׳ֻܼװǸ˵NGôǶԲסң治ǹΪΰףֻǽ״̬á
дһʶ𣿡
ⳡϷҳҹðɡ
̵ΰ̲סˣԡֱԵϷݺòġ
ôû뵽ΰӾȻôֱȻǰӡ
ȷʵռֻӲסŭ
ΰ׼״һ޴İۣС²һ䣺治֪Ӻ󽱱ôõġ
ΰ˵úС֮ľС仰һֲٵĶ
ȥקסΰ׵ĸ첲ŭĿԲʵʲô˼



160 һ 
ֳĶС˷׷ͶĿ⡣
ΰţϾҪʼˣپװʲôûӣ㣬˵ʲô
ԣһЦ˵ϣ㻹ǲǸˣ
ۿٿʼΰﲻŭ
Ҫ˼֣ûд١
ȻҪŹ٣е㲻ġ
ٹ⿨ϷΪľǶΣͷǹŭҡ
Եг𲻱Ǿӡ
ΰ״Ӳ£Ҳͷ
ڳԼ첲ʱõƽʱ˲١
ΰԭǣ˦Զ㣬ʡöԷš
˭룬û׼˦һģˤ˵ϡ
һĻУǷ׷׵һ
ٺôҵǰ۶Ӳ٣ΰҲûҪѶԷ
תһ룬ΰ̽λɲʲô
˵ΰ׺÷еҲ⡣
̽ͷ̽ԣͼøһʱڻع
̧ͷΧ˶߿ɫ˲ѿ
ΰʼٸߣƺһĨЦ⡣
ͷ˿֪ΰ׿϶͵͵Ц
뵽ٴǻŭӵ
Ҫΰ˵ʱȴԪƬ
ʱԪͣԶΰת˼ȦЩͷʵôˣ
ΰ׻ûüڣپͳɤӼ˵ΰ̫۸ˣ
ȲǰΪһеģһŮƵڵأΪҲ̫˰ɣ
ˤ֮ҡ
ҪǲҵǸͱҰ·΢ϣ
˵ټöˡ
Ԫֻоһͷ
ŲƫƫŵԭֽĿתƵΰϣ˵˵ô¡
ٵЪ˹ΰҪԵõ࣬ͻȻקҲߣʲô˼ϾҪˣÿȥ򳡣˵㾢Ѹ첲˭֪Լûվȣˤȥˡ
ΰһνǽȫժ˳ȥ
Ԫһûü˼پըˡ
һȵ£ٹ˲ԼĿŭѻ˵
ΰ룬ټǺˣȻ϶Ҫ
ᣬ¡Ƣķӡ
һԺٸΪ˿϶Ϊվߡ
ٸĻ϶˼ɡ
뷨ΰװڳ޹֮мżãȻı飬ͷʵôû˵
˵겻ٿڵĻᣬΰֵͷѾ˵ú˰
Ԫԣ۾ϸ˼ΰס
ΰҲ˵ѵĺۼ֮ԪջĿ⡣
ΰ׼״һ
ҺѵݺŪȥˡ
ȷΰû˵ѣټСϣǽӲϷǹΪˣԪҾ϶ڸ顣
ס˼ԪתͷŭӶԷ²ٸһλᡣ
´ΣͲھˣ
ûУ
ԪҳñеףΪӸˡ
˵䲻ģȥ׶԰ܰСѶŵ໴ޡ
Ϊ˵٣ԻɢŭԪңҲемܲסˡ
ˣӲͷƤ˵ҵģ
ΰ⻰۾һίûС
ɫ׽ӣӵɵöҪˣˣҵ
оҪ³һ໰ԪҼæֹ˵ˣ
Ԫҵܴ󣬷·ڶըŵô˸¡
Щߵ໰²òʻض
Ԫҵľ棬ֻѹͷŭ𣬴Ժһᱨȥ
һ־Ļ
ΧԽԽٲ
ȶΰ׶֣Ҫΰ׿ۺڹ
Ҫΰе϶ᱻ۸ȥ
ЩûȨûƵˣԺλ¶Զɣʡñ۸п˵
ٷ˵̫Ծݺݵ˻ȥ
ʰΰףʰ˰è
ⲻ֪ôҶӡһٵЩתڡ
ΰע⵽һ仯ɫǡ
ɹһ֮ΰ˲١
ڵݴߴҪˣΰֻȥ
ȻĻٱȥɫʷḻ̶ȿȵɫ̷ḻ
ԼԪҵľãΰⷢûʵʵͶ뵽С
ݼûжá
ܹõӺĽӦüѡ˺ʵĽɫ
ҪӲϷˣΰ֪ԷǹģֻŬԷⳡϷҪġ
ΰ׵ĲиŬ£ûٵӡ
ֹΰףµĹԱ˿
ΰжױֻһʱ䡣
賿ˡ
˱ķΰ׽ӹСҵıӣ۾
ΰûþͽ硣
ȫ̲һӣСǾ䡰ҪҪԵ㶫û˵ڡ
Ϊΰ˯Сⶣ˾㡣
˾˸OKƣٽЩ
صƵ꣬ĵѾûˡ
Ƽΰ˯㣬СҲֿա
Ǽʶΰ׵ģҪǾѶԷƻ᲻̫ù
СҾҪҪΰ׵ʱһԺ
԰ܹ
ʱΰҲš
˵׼ܴٽĸ飬ٺٺ١
뵽СͳֻϢ
ͬʱϣλлû˯
ܿ죬ϢʾЦ
Сҵȥһֻһ䡾ȥ
ԼӣСҾƳӵ
С³̽ΧȷϸûйڲŵܣֱӰʦȥɣ˯ˡ
΢΢ףȻ̽˯øСƵΰ§
ΪĻΰ׾ѣʱ
걣Žϰߣΰ׶˵ء
ΰ׻صס¥㣬ھͰ˷Լ䡣
һü֪꣬ͬٻˣΰӦò⡣
˯£߽ԡҶˮ
ΰȫ¶һ飬ָԷԼ˯£ɵϡ
§۾ܿҲ˯˹ȥ
ڶ죬ΰһǰŷŴĿ
ΰôĶֲֲˣȻ˹
ĿԣΰױЩʵôҵĴϣ
üЦžҵĴ
ΰסһƬãȻĴ
ƳİĲһΰˡ



161  
ΰסƬ̡
عΰʶʵôķ
ΰļƬΣֹϳ֮ļӡ
ǻ賿࣬ΰʵòУͱ۾Сһ
ǵã׼˯ȥ֮ǰⶣСңöԷƵʱ
۾һһ͵˵ڶ磬Ī˸˾ˣܵ˼ҵķ䡣
ΰ벻ףƼȫûлش˼ﲻЩż
ʵϣΪ̫ˣΰ׳˼ʱ䣬ֱסˡ
͵ΰͻȻ׳һ⣬Ӧֱס
һΰ׵ȵòͷˣɴһĸ첲ߴٵ˵
գգ۾ֱڻ·˯ˣصƵʱ˵㣬С㷢Ƣҳ㣬ȥͣ㱧
Ϊ̫ˣھͰ˷
ûϴ裬ʪë˲Ӧòɡ
ѣΰע⵽Լϵ·ˡ
·ڲԶαϡ
ף˯¡
ûзֿʱΰȷʵ⣬ϲһ
Ȼ·Ƿֿ֮󣬶ʵڼʱڣΰ׾;Щڡ
ͷϵ
Լ꣬ΰ˹ĳĬжʱһĨãȻ
ѵ˵ˣ
뷨մðͱˡ
Ըڣǰǰ˵˼仰Ǻճ֣ûд׵㡣
֤ΰ׵ĳĬ˳ΪæԼ·Ϊ
ԽԽΰ׵Ǹûѯ˽жԲ𡣡
ΰ׿ڣΪԼʱ⣬ʦܸܲһλᡣ
ΰԣƽϲǣƽҲǡ
ƽϣԵС
ƽϣе㲻ˬ
ᣬΰ˲ƽϵľ
˼ҺôҪΪ·ƢԵЩ֪ô
ΰ˿תƻˣ
ùڴͷϵֻʮˡ
⻰ΰ׾̴Ӵϱҳٵˣ
ΰ״ЬҪܣæǰ̽קסԷ˵˵ǻݴ˵绰Ұˡ
ΰ˿ڵһ±ͨ죬㣬ļ٣
֪ôˣʵģôˣ
ΰȷ֮סԼ۾һû˵ӣ˵϶ģ
۵⣬а
ֺ£
ΰ٣ֻ۶ԷԲȫû˼
˭룬Ȼڲ֪ʾȨ
뵽ԺǱٸΰ״绰Ҫһ
ҾͶ֪ΰ׺ϵǳ
ЩΰС˼ģ󲿷ֿ϶֪Ѷˡ
Ȼ½ô򣬸ݲ֪ΪƤ͵þ̼С
̣ȴΪؼһ㡣
ΰ׻ûӦϡ
Ҫ½𲻴󣬶ΰ׵׷߰ˡ
Ψһڣ½Ѿΰžܾ˺ü飬źƤɹ쵽˽졣
δʱΰżٶѾˣô˻Ჹ
ǳҹϷٿɰڵùǺ
֪ûгܸоԴеġ
ΰӣûףͱŽ
ӦòҪˡ
ס˼ΰɻشϣͷһţ΢Щ
ΰ۵ùǺûͳ˯˹ȥ
״ΰڱԼţŵس˱ӣԷҴñǡ
ȷΰײŻ´߽ԡϴ
֮յ¶ȵ˵㣬ΰ׸ð
С˵ˣΰˮڵùǺ
Сû˵ô£ԽԽܣ֪ΰڵ˭
ֻСҷϢȥ
Сʵ棬˵ٹΪΰײŻ
֪֮ɫ˲üͷ÷·ܼӬ
ܵж
һΰûԼϹš
ڻңʱ¶Ĵ̫һԱ۸ˣ
Ҫ֪ΰⶼˤˣ»ˡ
ûڹΰףǳıӵˣ
ס˼Ƭ˴˸绰
ʱƬƬй䡣
ֻˣһǸİ룬ͽʵλ
ɫصң
Ƭ˵֪绰Ƕ˵ֻ㶼ûס
عƬʿˮЩʵʲô°
ʵƬ˵ʱѾһ²⡣
ǰãԪǱߵ֪ΰ׺÷˸źܲ
ΰǸ˵ǰһŶΪ
ٸ飬ΰˮػڣСˡ
ֶͨˣ϶Ծ鷢ָơ
⣬ʦˡ
ȷʵͬƬ
һֱ̣ӿżɽǾٶΰܴ󣿡
Ƭԣﲻûж⣬Ȼˡĳɾ͸С
ûڴԲһ䣺š
Ƭһöͷ϶ûʼðˣٸһλΣٵӰСڻŮǣķ˿϶ַ졣
꣬һЦƾҲйǣ
˵겻Ƭ˿ڵĻᣬǲⲿûȥıҪˡ
Ƭǳ׻ˣȥ
üǲã
ƬסƬ̣ͷԡšһ
һ룬͵Ҳ䣿ʮ֮ǰʰˣͱҲ
룬ⲹƺûʶҵֶΡ
Ƭȷʵûʶ͸оµļƤðˡ
ͨ绰֮ƬȥԪңԷν
ǡԪгϢ
Ƭ𼱻ܵԪǰסǴյԷ˵¡
پڲԶƬ˲ֱ˵ͶԪҵ
ԪҲ֪ôˣƬصıƶϳԷҪ˵ĲʲôС¡
Զæ˹ȥ
˽ϢңְŹصʵʵƬ˲ŷĵ˵ͨ绰ݡ
Զ꣬һͷ󣬡λô֪ˣ
Ƭ̾˿ȱô֪ˡ֮ҪȰŪߣҶûӹ



162 ʸ 
ƬѣԪԺйķ䴫һðͷ
Ԫҵô굼ݣΪȦ㲻ϵ¸Ҳһϯ֮ء
ܻ쵽λãʷȻһϲͨ
˽ⲻ࣬Ҳ֪Էǲ
飬ȵԶ֣ⲿʮа˾Ҫزˡ
뵽Ԫ¶У뵽취𣿡
ƬҡҡͷʵҪ뵽ˣҲ
ΪǸ飬˼ûзϷ棬ԪұͶ˲С
ڵ֪ΪԪҽ˼˼ľ
Ԫ֮ɴ࣬Ϊٲֵȥˡ
һ˼Ϸϣ׳ŵȥ˵顣
Ԫɫ˵һ䣺ֱ֪ͨɣҪȥ΢Ϲ˵Ը
ƬסƬ̣عһʵȷ𣿡
ԪЦ˵ԸϣȻĸԸϡ
ʱλɾͲķʽˡ
ķϣһ䡣
ԺΪ֮Ȧˮӿȴǻᷭġ
ΪԶҺܿҪæˣԶֻƬȥˡ
ƬҪʮ֮ǰˣæ̧һʱ䡣
ŵ࣬ʮûСʱˡ
øϽȥ˵£Էʰꡣ
뷨Ƭ˲ĴҴ߳Ϣҡ
ߵڣĿⴥڱ۾µ٣𼱻˹ȥ
ǵٵӣƬ˲ûֱӵ⣬ֻ˵һ䣺٣
۾һĨͷ
Żܾãûʵ¶
˿һһʵƬʲô£
Ƭظղŵ˵ǣ֪ˡ
Ϊ˱⣬Ƭⲹһ
ԣͷͻȻӿһɲԤС
ƬĪı飬ܸоԷҪ˵鲻̫
ݸľ棬ٵǿ˵㡣
Ԫ˵²ٸһλᡣ
Ѿ˵ˣԪӦòᷴڵİɡ
ٻŽﰲοԼ
ⲻ֪ƬΪ¡
Ҹû˵ϢңƬ¾Ϳżɽ٣л´ٺɡ
⻰һ˶ɵˡ
ԼϢ˻
һٻعɫʮѿʵʲô˼
ƬúȦӣԴ촰˵飬Ӧһ顣
ȦҲˣӦ֪ˮж
Щ˲ھڵġ
˵ϣƬֻҪǸɵӣ֪ôˡ
ȷʵˡ
׹ףȴ൱
ΰһ߶㲻ϵСԱڼôˣ
ֲǺĴүô
Ҫ˵Ϊһسӣζŵġ
ΰǸνġ÷ۣٻĻӡ
Ҫ֪ǺŽ׳Ĵү
ΰ׵ļͥ棬ûе
ΰ׵ıֿƶϳԷĳСͥ
֮˾޴ôܻ÷
Ҫͬ£²Ƭһ˵עɡ
ԭ붼֪϶ΰ׺һȣС˳ˡ
뵽ҧҧͷǹӿȵŭСˡ
˵겻Ƭ˿ڣʮƶΰŽû죬ͺ㹴һˣǹóȥġ
Ƭ⻰ŵɫ˲ˣ˵˵
Ҫ֪£ָôʰ
Ǹ棬Ƭ˾ͱŵ̲ס¡
ֻееڶֱֱָǡ
ƼƬɫ䣬ΪԼ¶ˣ۵׶ʱӿϵ֮ɫû֮ǰĻţƬС˳޿ɺǣҿɲ붯ܶˡ
ŰŮǻʹҷ˿𣿡
һ˵㲻˼ҵķ˿ܵù˼ʱ˴ķհɡ
ôҲȦ߰ˣôçײ
ȫ̶áΪáɰƬˡ
Ƭ˲磬Ϊʱ˷޹ؽҪϡ
źǶκžԷӡ
ڿٸҪӡ
ƬЦһˣҿûôͣƾһ֮ܰŮǻ
ʮ֮ǰ뿪飬Խġ
꣬˲ˡ
ܿͽܣ϶ƭң
Ƭ˻ûüڣֵ۾ΰʲôôܸͷ
޷ʵƬ˾˵ȥҲ˷ʱ䡣
ûд٣ֱתſȥ
ټ״æǰȥקסƬ˵ĸ첲ߣҰѻ˵
Ƭ˿ͼӿŭȴһöûС
ƫƫʱٻڴ󺰴С
Ƭһʱûס˦˶Էǯơ
ûվȣλζ˼ˤڵϡ
ƬȫԹۣȫûǰæ˼
Űٷ
ĿԣٻûüͱƬȵѾˣ߲Լ¡ڵ绰˵ˣֵʱͲôˡ
Ƭɫ˵꣬ͷҲص߳Ϣҡ
٣Ǳɳš
Ƭ˵Ļޱ𾪣ھþûز
ڴ֮ǰһֱƬΪ˸С˳ȥ鷳
ǴӶԷղŵıƺ
ͬƬ˵µ˰
뵽̱ҵҪȥʸ
ס٣ֻܸһȥ
ٻһ򣬴ס֮ͣ˹ȥ
ŵʱΰ˯
¾ԼλСڣæȥ
ŵ٣ɫ˲
׼ŵʱټæܣӵʱ䣬Щ
ʵû˵ѾиĲ롣
ټеı飬˾Ųʮˡ
£ûٸٿڵĻᣬʰ㻻£ˣҷԸȥġ
⻰һϵЦ˲佩ס
׿˵ô޷ǶԷġ
֪ΰ׶˵Ǹˡ
˭룬ΰ׾Ȼ˹ʺˣȻۣ



163  
ٲģֲҶô
Ƭǰ󺰴УںǰֻŲӵȡ
ŭλֶͨĴУⱲӵҵͻϾˡ
£ʹаٰ㲻ԸҲֻܹԹˡ
ת֮ʣȻһɳƵˣں˭˵ˣ
ԣæŻصߺˡ
ϳΰףپֱԭء
ڴ֮ǰΪΰ׽ۣദʱ򣬿϶ΰ׷С
ֱ֪СǸ
˵
˺ôһٲŽʵ
ɳ޷԰ΣôȥĶ֪
ԭȥΰʵ̫ˡ
ʱ𺳵ˣڷСΰס
ΰиëһ˳֮ʹ˯ˡ
ǳҹϷʱ̫ˮػ˺þãΰײڶû
˯һ뱻ѣΰ׵̬˵൱ըѡ
ΰ˿òײſסͷӿŭüۼżַʵղ˭ˣ
˵겻ڣΰ׾ԹԲ²ǲСˣ
ǣ١
֣ΰסƬ̡
عüͷһʵʲô
һƬپȲȥڨʶһ䣺Լϯ
ΰ׶룬һʱϵǡ
ĩˣΰɻĿУѸٽ͵˰ľҡ
ΰ꣬Ȼ˵ͷȻ֪סģе㶫
ԭΪΰ֪עڶԷϡ
˭룬λڵһע㣬ȻǶԷ֪סġ
ǺЦ
ΰһʱûסֱЦ
ΰЦãȻʵЦʲô
Цݣ»֣ûʲô
𰸣ΰ׿˵һš
Цô죬£ǲ
ΰ׺ýԼȥѰĴ𰸡
һ˵˷Ц⡣
ΰ˳˼·ȥǰ
ĿⴥǸͷϷ·˸ѵˣΰ֪ΪʲôЦˡ
뵽ѵû㣬Цΰ׵סԷĶʵЦ𣿡
ԣһصЦ
ΰЦĥĥҾղЦúܿİ
æϵûаɡ
ˣΰ׾ûٺ¡
֮ŪΪʲôҪٻˡ
ƻˣ⼸£ҪʱʱѹһٵϷöԷÿ춼ܷꡣ
ö֮ٿ϶ץ
ļƻûʵʩͰ˸ˡ
ô氡
뵽ΰ׹˹ӣЩˬʵҪ٣
ἰˣеһ㱻۸ˣΪʲô˵
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬɫҲһͶ㣬汻۸һҪ˵
ΰôû뵽üˣԷȴˡ
ȷʵǧίһҪ˵ΰײЩ顣
ΰǵãǰһ죬Ͷ˲顣
ʱرͷʾԼö䶼Ҫˡ
ΰԽԽ飬æⲻæ
꣬һЦⶼ
Ŀԣΰ׸оʱҪƨƵģæŲߣͶԷӡ
һôʱ䣬Ȼóΰˡ
ɴ˿ɼΰ׸æˣǹⲻ˵
óۣеĲֶ˼֡
Ϊΰǵͷģûע⵽һ仯
͵ŵϵʱȫû׼
عѾڴϡ
ˣѹϣӸ
ΰ׸о̫ʶ̧ȣϵ߿
ȻͷʵܹǸС
̧һ̣Ͳˡ
һ룬ΰ֮ǰһѹס˶Էȡ
ʦδΰɵˡ
Ϊ˷ֹΰҶɴѶԷĸ첲Ҳѹס
һΰ׾Ͷˡ
ΰ׷Լȫסò磬㵽
ΰ׽ѵȫ̶״̬֪ûУ
ΰ²ϴҪ͵æ˴ˡ
ΪֻҪϴͻŹ
ⲻ֪ҪĲǿͷϴ
Ƽΰ׻ش˷ܣͷŭ𲻽ûȥһ֮ǰյøˡǸһ㶼ġ
ΰ׼״̲סӵôͲˣ
ĩˣΰ׵һ䣺ǸС
ΰ׿ѹʵ̫ˡ
˵ÿһ֣һֲضĶ
꣬ЦˣС
ΰ˼룬Ȼۿɼػ
ô뷨˵ˣ
ΰԲʱȻһ䣺УҲˡ
ʵ˵ܲΰס
ôһţֻҪ͵ùܰ
Ȼΰװ⻰ˡ
ʱΪ˸ϣνǰ˳
ٿڣȻ
ΰԽԽίɤµ㻹벻븴ˣ
һ⻰ϵı˲佩ס
ʶȥݹͷˣæû㡣
˵ȣΰûд˼ֻüֻ۸˲˵㲻Ҫ˼룬òã
ΰ׽죬ɲ֨
ǻûأ͸
Ժ󸴺ˣָЩʲôֵ顣
ΰ׾˲ܹţһöԷżһ
ͬΰϣһԲӵʱ䣬ͼ÷·ȹϵϡת
ΰ׸оˣŲڣˡ
ƼΰڿˣǿЩ
ΰԸζ黹ûĳ̶ȡ
Ϊ˲ٴùͷϴ̫żˣԲ𡣡
ΰѧ˵һ䣺Ǹһ㶼ġ
֪ΰǹĻЩЦõҪģ
ΰֻӦҲûģһʱͱסˡ
˵ȣΰһֱΪԷˣ̽Ժţ
ΰ׹˹ӵߡ
ʧЦúúãҲߣʲôʱٺ˵
ĩˣֵȹԵ㶫룿
˵ãһ˵ΰ׾Ͷˡ
ϸʽͣΰ׼æܽԡϴȥˡ



164 ɽ 
۶佹˴ϣ賿ĵ˯š
ԼﴧԵʣһ˯òȣڼ˯˯öΡ
˵ʱ䲻֪ڼ۾
ˣԲ˯ˣֱӵſ𴲡
ǰ챻ϳӰӵĳǾ
ҪҪǳ壬ȥؼҸ״ˣ
߽ԡңһϴŰ΢ƽЩ
ԼλεĺȦ伱æսһ㣬뿴ø
֪һһ
û˯õĺֹǺȦðˣ۽ƶųˡ
֪òŮԵҪﰵ˺ǳټ䡣
һ룬߳ԡң𼱻߳ңץ˸Ӷ˷Ը绰ҳȥǼݻǰȹȫSPA
Ӷ˼룬ŵ˵ͷõġ
ݻSVIPSPAȥ
ȣϲʦû֮һ
֮ϲȣΪԷ˵ûͻأεĸо
֮⣬ȻһϸͰ
ʲôĵ飬SPAʱ򶼻ͶԷ²ۡ
װ̫ˣи˸ֵ
ʮӣ̲סȥʵôû
Ӷ˴ӻԼҪʮӡ
ĩˣӶ̽ʵȥæ飿
üͷһͷصУھSPAٴ绰ȥһߣڰСʱ֮ڵ
Ӷ˰զࡣ
λСʵǿѰɡ
һӶˣҲö˵ʲôֻܰնԷķԸ¡
Ӷ˵Ĵߴ£ֻܴ˾ӿٶȣӲʮ̳˰Сʱ
ϵңһˮûüȣͱӶ˴ȥרSPAķ䡣
ȥ֮ǰסӶ˵ʵС鲻ã
ӶЩȣô֪
ЦЦʲôû˵
ʱſڴϼ¡
һ̣۾ʵȣ
ЦӦңС㡣
ԣ۾תͷֱȣЩζˡ
˵겻ȿڣ˵һ䣺ʱ䷢˺ö飬ٲҾҪˡ
߹ȥվ䴲ʵôˣ
⻰·˴򿪻صĻϻӣϲ˵
ҰǸҪģŮ˾ˣС˶һŮ
ҴűڴȥǾȻҲȫҸ
뵱Һ˵ҪȫҸǱֵ൱ܡ
˵飬һ
Ҫ˼ɣ϶Ҫˡ
ǵãСãʹͨ绰𼱻ѯ
м䶼͸¶ţ ҪȥСͼСֵ鷳
ȰЩСֶĵܵãǺúദ
ԺҪǳʲô飬˴֮ҲиӦǡ
뵽βʱȾЩɺ죬ı飬Щˡ
ﺦ¼ˣʶʿˮ
˵ģǰȻҲ²۸ֲǴûйŨӡ
֪˻ΪҪȥɱء
˿òײſסǹĻŻŵĸоͬЦŰοûϵģС㡣ֻҪõǮ˹ôûйϵ
⻰룬Ҳǡ
ϲЩСֻ֣ҪүǱõǮͺˡ
ǮҪʰǻ練ơ
ǸںתЩ
뵽ԼҪͶȴǳٸϳ˾飬ɫֳ
ע⵽ˣ֮Щ
ղɫѾ˻ͼô̶̼ӹȥֱ˸
µ꣬˵ͱ䡣
Ҫΰο֮ʣԷȻһ䣺˵ˣSPAɡ
ԣһ
λСƢԽԽˣһС˵˻ָᱻô
һߣ񾭻㱻ص䣬ûл
벻ӲͷƤȰٽ㣬ɽڲûա
ٻعŷԹܶҪҸϾɱˣﻹɽ
룬С̽ȦȥˣҪҪҸɽ
ٳ꣬ȲЩսȦСˮ飬ϵķ³ĸоǰ޷ȵġ
ټӺ󽱱Ȧݳ֦Ĵв١
ãֻҪԸ⣬ҵһɽǺ׵ġ
ѣŷӦҲûɽˮǲ
ȷʵȦһ졣
ֻҪҸܹ֮ƥеĴУͲõҵᱻֹ
뷨תͷȥȥμӷֵʱ򣬴ǵƬ
ھʵٽ㣬ǲ𣿡
⻰·͵һˮȫûˡ
ǵڻûпɽܺϣٲòʰɡ
Ӧáʵʵʰȥˡ
٣ɳŬ䣬ǰݹ֦ĴǣĸȽһ㡣
ͬߵգΰǱҪԵÿĶˡ
Ա㣬̱ɳϣһŶһˢ΢
״¶ΣճԱţһºòã
ΰ׳ԹϳԵ㣬붯ϷܵȻ
ˣԱߵš
ȥȴΰȫû˼
֮£ֻٴοڣǳȥɢɢɡ
ΰһֱӾܾˣҪҪǱĵҪˡ
̾˿εؼڷߡ
ΰײ⣬ɴװˡ
̳ҵҲ֪ˡ
Ϊΰ׻ʳ˼ԷԵλãԷ˶ӡ
ΰ̧۾Щȵæȥɣøࡣ
ʲôû˵ͷԹԵظΰӡ
ΰЩڣûпҲܿ˷
æ֮ΰ׾ջ֣ר־Թϡ
һͻأ𣬴һҳ
ΰͷû̧˵š
šһſڡ
ţֻ½վ棬üۼЩУ
տʼΪԼۻˣ࿴ۡ
ȴ֣½ż
üͷ½үڸʲô۶ӣ
½ûдֱӳŷﺰʦһ¡
ΰЩȡ
ö˶˵ģ½ʲô
ϸ룬½ǺƬǱߵйء
ˣûȥƬ
ƬǱʲô£Ҳûйϵɡ
ΰװ˼⣬ɴֻ߳ȥʵ½ʲô£



165 ˿ 
½ԣƳһĿдλεǴ
ΰײ֪ô£½ΪνһͷˮԷӺδ
ֻе淢ʲô£ĺǳױ½ˡ
ΰý̲סߴ½㵹˵
½ԣһһߴΰ׵ɫһ˵иٵ͵͵̳ϣٱ黻Ϣ˿ǱߣѾըˣ
ΰסƬ̣û΢ˢѰ
⻰½͵ԮǱŷ˿˵ҪҪ˵
˲һ£ٵķ˿֮ûй㣬Ϊʱû㡣
ַ˾飬Ҫֵˡ
ΰĳһ뷨ǡڼ
ʲôûЩȴ״ƵģԶˡ
֪Ҫ˵˭Ըߣ϶֮һ
ƻˣ⼸Ҫĵʱ⡣
һûˣԷķ˿ˡ
ΰԽԽãԩ̶ȶҪˡ
ס˼ΰ̧۾ʵЩ˿Ѿˣ
½˵ͷ󲿷ֵˣСڸ·ϡ
ΰզüһٶ湻ģԮ̫֯ǿ˰ɡ
뵽ģΰױ㽫ĿͶԷ˵ǳĻԼ
ʵΰײ˵ҲǴԼġ
ΰ׼źƲϵӣʵеġ
ΪİٻΪΰھһ㡣
һ⣬ûеõϧΰˡ
鲻ãƵģ֪ˡ
ΰӶٷ˿Ҫ˵飬ʶûע⵽쳣
㣬Ȧʱ䣬Ӽаˡ
˿Ƿо϶ʶˡ
˽⣬ٵķ˿Ȧǿġ
ЩֻҪݣķ˿ضڼ֮У˺ɸһ
Ǳ߲ϣ˿ͻṥռٲ˵˵Ӧ顣
ΪٿƱǿټǻݼȷʵȦɵ㣬ķ˿ٷҲװ
ķ˿ƾԱ˿еʺ
Ȼ˺̫ǿһҲû˻ȥǣǻ
ΰ֮ǰԹϵʱֳΧ۹һΡ
ǻͱٷ˿ˣԸԼǧҪȺײϡ
û뵽ĺ·һ̾ˣÿһ鶼ϸ顣
ΰ׳̾˿½˵עŵ㣬Ⱥ˿е㲻
ûǴĻ֮пΪλ⣬ڵӰԺһŮԱķ˿˼ᡣ
ڰԱʱ֣ûⳡΣ
Ϊûʲô£¾ͱѹȥˡ
½꣬һӦȥҵݣɫضΣ㶼ҪȥƬˡ
ΰʧЦֲɵôȥƬ
о֮ԽǢһֱ䵱ⱳ಻סˡ
½Ҫ˵½֮ǰװӽصԷĻһ˴¡
ˣΰӡ
ղٷ˿Ǽ£Լ߻и
նԷ̳ɾӣ½ĵôģָô׳ʲô
뵽ΰתͷһۡ
Ȼͬϣ׵˶ɢϢеŨ
֪ôģע£ˡ
׽ίΰ׸оԼĺƵģæ㿪˶Էߡ
ǵģõԽԽˡ
ΰȷʵܳһס
ĵʹ£ΰ׾ͺ½𣺡ȻȥɣҺһô¡
⻰һ½ɵˡ
ΰ׸ղû½ΪΪֳˡ
½˵Ǹ޴ĺϢ
ΪԼĻˣϲһ
˭룬ΰŤͷͶ
״Ԥ̫½þûز
״ʱˡ
ֻҪвˣ͸ˡ
Ϊ½Ͻߣʱ䶼ûԷֱӿڻѶԷ½үǻ£Աɡ
˵꣬аɨһ½
Ƽ½Ͻ֯Ų㵣ˡ
Ҫǹ˼ΰҪһ½
˦һƵ½ջ߸ΰ׻طȥˡ
Ϊ½׷ŵʱƽٶȡ
顪һžͱصʵʵ
½վȣǰȽյţԺиֳӣ͵ҧҧ
ϧҲ顣
£½ֻﰲοԼ
żֻҪΰһ첻ϣͻлᡣ
ǿƵ½ڼֱҪ̫ġ
ص棬һ§סΰϸڶԷľѲ˲䡣
ΰױúԴֵԽԽϲˡ
ǰ˵϶޲ðѶԷͷᡣ
ڲһ⼸µľóһۡ
ΰ˵Ųϲʵס
ʹõʱЧ
ղţͰΰ׵ע½Ǳˡ
ΰ׵²ۣǵûзһ˳Ƴ㷢ˡ
£ֲ˲ΰ׵ľѡ
ΰԭΪѻ˵ϣ㡣
ûУֱ䱾ơ
ΰû취ˣֻϲȥ
ֱͣˣΰٴοڣڿ˵𣿡
ԣֱɫط治õģǾӰӵĹزˡ
ΰףҴûеĹ⣬ҵĵЩ˿
㲻֪ж£ֱǿԡ
½ãڽϱᶼ֪
⻰ҲûжҲñ£ֻܶలż˱ˡ
ΰ룬ȷʵĿǰõİ취ˡ
˶һۣԴӶԷж֮ɫ
磬ϰٺŵķ˿֮źƬҪ˵
ǳԪûϷֻܺƬһɸҪһһ䣬̫ˣ塣
ͷķ˿ԣվʵƾʲôٽ㻻
ԪҵƻֹͣˣͲá
ƫƫ˿ô꣬ǷԷƵģĻһӾˡ
Ԫһ֮£˵࣬ƾݼãԴNGľһմѧУġ



166 ƵƵ 
ͷǸ˿ӱ
ԪҸ˵꣬ӱͳɤӷ϶Ǽٽ㣬ùӺ󽱱ˣ㾹Ȼ˵ݼã
˵ģҶף
Ǿ̫۸ˣ
ӱ£תͷȥɿ˿һ顣
ܿ죬ȺͱһһĿ
֪˹Ϊʲô캦Ĵ¡
ֳĶСʱͱڸĹ£ƬԼӪš
ڸæͷһĻ¼
ڼ䣬ж˸żĹ⡣
ԭڣKPIˣ
Ԥ뵽ƵܻǮ
ԱǱ߲Ʋ֣ŵϿ϶㷺ۡ
ʱԼӪŵķ˿Ϳһˡ
뷨ȫ̶ڿס飬ԼһСֶ
˵ԪҺٷ˿ߡ
ӱɣԪֻÿЦ
ǰȺ˺ǿԵӣԪҺƬ˶һۡ
ȷƬ˺һ뷨Ͳɫʹɫ
ᣬΧȦѸٱ˾
Ԫңڷ˿֮󣬲˿ڣùӺôҴµҵʮˣԱвȱʲôûУݼ˵ԱҸ˺Ĵǽ
ȻԪ˵Щٷ˿ȥ
پȦݼõԱֱǧѵһ
˵ǡǰ޹˺ߡΪ
໥һ
ݺ֮ǰ࣬˵Ǿ۸ˡ
ȻҲǰûС

˵ݼǰɣǾ͵ø֤ܿտڰˡ
ԪҷˣüͶӰǺĻЩϵķ˿˵ȻǼ֣Ǿǿݼж
⻰ԪҾͽNGЩƬη˳һ涼ûԷ
Ϊôиֱ۵ĸоԪ˼ݼõԱȡ
˼ʮϷԱҲΰ
ԵûжԱȾû˺
Щ˵ĳ£ٽӲϷӾԵø⻬
⼸NGƬ̫࣬Сʱȥſһ롣
ٷ˿£ԪҼвЩƬΣ˶ûݼ˲ӡ
ôùӺ˰ǫ̂ʶӲס
ͬʱһͷ
ǰҪ˵һַ˿
ЩƬΣЩ˿ٵ˾ֱһء
󲿷ԲзۻǱԭǾ۸١
ԪҸоˣͰƵͣʵ𣿡
ӱŲӣѼӲ˭֪ǲǹġ
ĩˣӱⲹһ䣺ٽݼȦǳĺãΪƵˮǲģ
ֱ׳ӣйԱˡ
üһǲûʶԲзۣܲгģͷһؼ
ĵ˵۾ûгˣܿóٵݼж衣
ӲͷƤҲ˵ٵݼðɡ
ٵ֪Լ⹫̣Ƿ˿ɧνּ
뵽Ƭ˺ܶ๷УҪǰNGƵȥҪˣ
뵽ٳסˣһ䡰ߡ֮󣬾ͻ𼱻ǳš
ʰûӦʲô
عѾӰ
³ʲô£ȥû;˽æĶ׷ȥ
ΰ׵֪ٲ⹫̣һʱĲɴǣȥֳԹȺڡ
ýٷ˿̫ײУΰֻܶھȺųͷתֳ
ΰ׽Ļ´ʲôҪϢ֮־ЩЦ
ǸϽ£ŽĹûôͱűʼǱΰԵλãʼ
ţΰ׽°빦Ч
Ȼǡ෴
ΰԴĵζ·״װƵģԶı
ڼ£Ǳ
ûԹ¼עûעֻᱻΰȥ
ƽֻ輸Ӿܴһļ
ʮӹȥˣͬĵһҳûꡣ
Σֺݲ뿪ΰףֻػԼ
ΰ׳Ƴɫе㲻ԣҲ֮ǰ࣬һĵӣЩ֡
֪ԱߣҴͷβһ仰û˵
ҲԳδ̫˰ɡ
뵽ΰ̲ס²۵˵ǹˣ㻹̩ϳɾĶܷ/顣
䳰ûб⣬ʮָɴǰȷʵˡ
˵ûΰ׿ڣ˵һ䣺ôˣŷ𣿡
ΰױĺƤˣþýӲϻ
ʶƤж
ԵҪɣ˲Ҫ޵С
ܳΪУⷽȻǸ⡰㡱
ΰ֪ƤȱȲԲԷ
˵ȣΰȫûпڵ˼Լǲ̫ˡ
ҪҪתΰע֮ʣٴ
üͷ¶Щá
˳½Сӻˡ
ΰĸ첲ȥš
ףȥš
Ƽ½վ⣬ﰵһ䡰Ȼˡ
Ŀԣ½ֱӵ⣬ʦһ¡
ſЦΰ׻ʲô£øƵ򲻾Ƶġ
½ɶԷ
ĩˣŷʦҪ˵
ΰ⻰ҲЩͷ
½Ǹ
ôûˣ
ΰ²˼䣬ò˳ȥ
һ棬½ͼƬǱ߷֫ͻˣζҪȥнҪˣǵ΢תһ¹ٷ΢
½û˵֮ǰΰΪʲôرش£Ҫ˵
˭룬½˵£ȫǿ΢˵ġ
½۰Ͱܹ²ǲˬһ
ԷȰֿĳΰײЩͷۡ
֪½û˽ģΪá
Ǹ£ˮů֪ûԼȽϺá
ο⼸¹۲ȷʵı˺ܶ࣬ǴǰǸľͷӡ
ϴϸƵģڷչ
ΰʱ룬һλҲǲԡ
ʱǻܾӰ죬û취顣
ĸ飬ΰڶֻܽʱ䡣
ΰţʱӦûһĴ𰸡



167 ˱Ȼ 
ΰס˼ɤӵ½Ϣˡ
½ɵӣȻ仰֮
Ǳһ
½˵ԽԽ
֮ţŹȥΰ˹ϵ
ȻѾһˡ
˵䲻ģݲ޲ͬΰ׵׷߰ˡ
뵽½ݺݵһǸԵˡ
ע⵽ˣǷһЦеĳ·Ҫʵˡ
ΰЦЩ־ʵЦʲô
ЦŻصûʲôֻĳЩû֪֮ˡ
ΰ仰ﺬ˼֪ҪӰʲôƲƲ²۵˵ûͷûβġ
ԣתͷֱֱΰףԼûĳ硣
ע£ΰЩмܲסԷƣæ㿪Ŀ⡣
ȻĿװ״װƵġ
ΰô㣬ڵһʱ䲶׽Է
ΰ֮£ƹˤ˵ˡ
״㽫ջأǰͷ
ձΰװһڵĸоҲЩ
ΰϲɱȾһ㱡죬ĵ·һֻ͸˵ˮҡ

Ҫǹ˼ŻеڣͰ§׸ˡ
ΰƳԵƮݾƲԷЩ飬̲סһ޴İۡ
˵̩ϳɾûûԷ
ǰ͵͵ԹǸ
Ͳָʱ״̬ʡһʱͶҪ̻ƵģѼɽ
оĿȣΰ׷̫Ѩͻͻֱ
ڣΰ̲סˣ˦һζʮʾԷһ㡣
ᡣ
ʮֲԸǰΰ˵ģ˻
ΰ׶Դ˺⣬üۼķɢЩ
˵ӣ̼½۶ˡ
û취Դ׶ԵԲ˳ֻܽ߾ȫš
½ٴʧأɴתˡ
ΰ׼״ЩΡ
ղֻ񾯸ȴ߻иˡ
ڿԼˣֲ˼ġ
Ȼΰֲ׷ȥ
˼ȥƬˣٺ½Ǹ
Ϊ½ˣ˾ͻص
ΰſ˸Ƿˮʹһ˫۾ɵģƽ˼ʸеķ顣
ܼ飬Ųۡ
ΰ׷ڶ̲ס˸ʵҪ˵
ûС
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼ㶢Ҹû
⻰ʶ˵һ䣺˱Ȼ
ΰסƬ̣оƤҪˣ˴첲ˡ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰֵҪ˯ˣ졣
˸ڹ͵Ķ
ȵΰϴɺˣҲȥ§ס˶Է
ΰױġ
˶ද֢Ƶģʱʱ
ΰ׸оԼ˶ԷĽѹߡ
ӹȥΰ̲סˣƿֵֻ˯ȥҡ
ΰ׾ֻ֮ܿסԼ֣ʵʵ§ΰףŶԷ硣
ƬٸϹȥʱķ˿ѾͳԱ
Ҫǣûֹʹ˽
Щִ˵ķ˿һضץˡ
̫󣬾컹˴ͳŰȫȥ
ٵԼᱻǣھֵһ̣ͶѸٶӺߡ
ֱˣٽ񾭲ŵԷɡ
ղŵĳ¡
׼һôʱԺȻðһʦô⣿
ԱСһӾͽ˵ע
ƼٵվλԺвͬһ뷨
ٲˣӺ濴Ϸɣ
ò˵ˡ
ȷʵĿ˴̣ûվ
ԪҺƬ˶һۡ
Ƭȷ˵٣ϰٸ˿£֪𣿡
ԣסǼ˺˵Ҹ֪¡
ƬЦղŶӺ治֨ʲô˼
˵겻ٿڣƬֵУʲôʱƬ
ٸо²˵ڹҪԼͷˣһӶûҵ鿪˿ڣҸãƬ£˵һͷˮǲǶں濴Ϸҿָ˵ǡҶ֪ô£ôվ
զһ˵ȷʵͦ
⻰ϸá
µˣȫķ˿
ΪҪá
˿òõʱҪվǸ
ƮƮһ䡰֪ô¡ֱĿԡ
Ƭ˱̬ˣθ˼֣Ϊ˵֪û£
Ƭ˺Ҳί
ʲôûȴҪȱһںڹ
ԴӳΪ˫Ӻ涼Ǳš
Ƭ˲ͽŭȼˡ
ƢͲ̫õ˵ŭһ䣺Ͳ£в
ٲãһͽ˵ŭ𳹵׼ˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊ⼸ϷNG¶ҪӰ࣬Ҷ΢ʡ
ķ˿£ʹҵǸƲһɶ
ҪǵӰ飬Щ¡ȫ΢ȥ
ΰһʱѾࡣ
½˵ģ֮ǰ¼Ǹ۽Ҫˣΰ׼æ΢鿴Ϣ
ֽĿǱѾˣΰ׽ŵʿˮ
һ۰ʱڼ֮ǰ˿
ҺˣҪƻᱻ硣
˻ûӵȰˡ
ΰת˽Ŀ΢ûٹ¡
лСţСͬԹȥˡ
ԵٵĹϡ
΢ת˺üȦûӪ˵¡
˹ˣӰӻظô๷Уôûһĵء
ѧ
ΰ׹˹ӣתս̳ϡ
ȻǱߺ΢һûһǹٷ˿µġ
ΰɵˡ
ʵϣ֮ûбعپ͹˾˴Ǯѹš
Ϊ˾һ㣬˵ǿҡǮΪ
ҡǮˣ˾֪ûãһµ
Թ˾߲һΪεҪѹȥ
ڻǮȻҪϵġ
깤Ƴΰڴϣɵ㶵ĶֻĻæȥʵʲôˣ
ΰ׻عе۾Щ㱡
ӦУ϶·ˣһΰײ֪ô¡



168 ϱֻ 
ΰ׻ع׹ڵʲôЩЦõûôǾٷ˿ûعͲѧ
˵겻ڣΰ˵һ䣺ǲ֪Ƭһ춼йеġ
ΰһ˵ŷ ȷʵЩ졣
˵Ϊ˫Ӻ⼸ĴԱ֮һǺܸߵġ
ٷ˿£󻹱ˣôͦ
£ٺķ˿Ӧ΢ѹŲŶԡ
Ƭ˵ȥô¡
ΰý̲סڴߴٵȥ᰷Ϣ
ԣ¶ЩΣôϲԹϣϱֻ𣿡
ⷬ٩Ļΰ׷ǵûзرˬسǰϱӾֻ⪣ϲ¾ÿڹQ
üͷ̾˿صˣҵ⪱
⪱ƺΰסǷһ޴İۣʲôϱˣŶ
ǰɣǰɣ˵˼ﲻɣ
ΰ˵꣬˴СۣʾƤҪˡ
ĩˣΰ׻˸Ż¡Ķ˿ûԼ
ˣѴӿʼЩѹڵĲ
ΰ˵ǡҪǲʲôǶԲš
뷨קסԷ°ȥ
·ͻȻΰûа׼Ӧ
عʱѾԷͬĸ첲§ס
ΰʶȴ¸á
ûΰ֮ʣĹͷת
ʱƣʶձһû
ֱҪˣΰײʶǰ˵ļͷʾԷϽſ
֪ΰȱˣ֮־ЩЦ
Ƕôˣΰ׾Ȼûѧỻ
Сѧ˶Ҫҡҡͷ
Ϊ˷ֹĳСΪȱιȥòǡ
ֿ֮δ֮ɫ
ͽ˻ţҽ㻻òá
ǵ˼Ͳֱдˣΰôῴ
뵽ỻǰ£׵ôףƷַҪ븹
Ҫѧ˻϶ѹ׸ͣ
ΰ׹Ǹ棬̲ס˸¡
УԲ鷢
ס˼ΰ쳣ᶨܾ飬Ҫ
˼룬һĨ⣬ΪʲôҪ
ûΰ׿ڣպСñţѧỻǾͿ׺ܾˡ
ΰԣ󺰵Ҿǲ׺ܾã
Ȼ仰̨ܰ˵
һ֮˼룬ɿƲסĶԷ
ΰ׾һ˼ǣõµװãûǻ
˵ȣΰȫûд˼ü
ΰΪֳĬܶȥˣ

ԸŹΰףʹյԷظһ飺ţҽ㻻òã
ΰбһۣ˹ӻصҪ
⻰ʤˡ
֪ΰ׺ǿ⣬ÿһЦ
һѱΰӣڶԷǰһ˻ȥ
Ŀԣΰŭϵʵʲô
۾һĨЦصʲô
ΰײ¡
Ψһ뷨ǰ´ȥ
Ȼΰж֮ʣȴѹסˡ
ʱڵ֮ɺϣ·뷨ˡ
ʵϣȷʵԤеˣΰ׽ⲽ
ԭڣΰùüƵ
ֲɵӣȻܽˡ
ǰ֮ʲô鶼պá򡱣̫ˡ
ڣΰѾٽıԵ
Ҫȥ͹̲ˡ
ΰǰһ̣һɿԷһЦеˣѧͲѧ
ΪͻȻ̨׹ΰЩߵ໰ֱӿסˡ
Σΰ˿ͷǹŭɢЩ
ЦΰֻĹġߡһԱȥˡ
ҡҡͷ̧һʱ䡣
࣬óԷˡ
ĿⴥһţһʱûסЦ
ΰЦ䡱һðˡ
ΰ֪Լ࣬ڶԷֲ˺á

ΰ׼˼һ߿
ע£ΰ´ЬӣһԲſȥ
״æ׷ȥקסΰ׵ĸ첲ʵԷˣҪȥģ
ΰҧҧ³֣ſ
ΰŭɶӣãȻ
ղŻúõģôͻȻˣ
룬һȻԺ
ΪЦ
Ϊ֤²Ƿ׼ȷ̽ԵţղҲãҲЦġ
ڴڼ䣬ȫ̹۲ΰ׵ɫ
Լ£ΰ׵ɫ˱仯֪²û
˷򣬺Ȼ׶ˡ
ͷȥΰ׶ûгЦ˼ֻǾܿɰ
ΰ귢һЦǾҿɰ²ǾҺܴɡ
æϵ
ңҾǵɰ
ʶǱȽϴˡ
ΰ̧۾ֱǣȽϣݵǿҲ¡
⻰һǺڡ
֪ΰ׻ӦͲӦ˵ôϽ
׼Ӧǣġ
ϧڻѾ˵ȥˣĶֻôԲ
ǧ㣬Ψ©һ㡣
ԲҲÿΰԸԸᡣ
Ȼΰβ
û취ͱΰֱƿˡ
һ룬ΰɫ˵һ䣺ҲȥԼȥɡ
ۿΰҪߣҪʼʩקסԷĸ첲ߡ
ȻŰȥ͵õΰ׵һ񾯸档
˼£ļȥΰ׸ֻջԼ֡
ΰ׵һӶûҵ飬ܴ뿪
ΰ׵ıӰЩڡ
ܰ˺֮ʣᰵĻظˡ
֪Ϊ͹˾ѹţٷ˿µϢûسȥ᰻Ǯع⡣
ǡʱǱߵѶˡ
Ƿٷͨã߾˰ȥ
͹˾Ǳѹȴָ֪գҪٵɱӺֻԴԱܺԼķ˿
ûãٷ˿ȥ£Ҵ˳ԱϢѡ
һЩͼģ¼̵Ƶ
ٷ˿ҪϴףЩ֤ǰҲû취ϴˡ
ٶĽƱ磬Եв԰ס



169  
ϴ·вͨٷ˿ʹˮֵһǵע
һѡȻǰǺɡ˺򡱵ΰס
ΰױٵ˵Ǿʹ辶
Ȧģٶеʷ
뷨Щ˿Էֳɼʼڸ罻ƽ̨Ѱйΰ׵ĺϡ
ΰ֮ǰڹüΣʹ˼ʱˣЩƬɲɱⱻ
֪мġ
ٷ˿ھ򣬻ǿھһЩ
ԴȻǺΰ״ͬһ׶ΣҪֹΰױļԱ˿
˿ǲʱȦƣȻ֪ΰǸǵ
ΰ׳Ȧٶʵ̫죬Ѿס·ˡ
ǡΰ׽Ҫʱ򱬳϶ǷַѵĽࡣ
ٷ˿õЩǶǵĺ֮ڸ˿ȺＯˮ
ǵĿֻһҪΰ׵
ЩΪҥߵˣǱԶԹȥˡ
ԭ˶н
Ҷ˵ڣӦòµİɡ
Բͬһ뷨
ʱˮΰڷʬ
๾ࡱֱеĶӣΰ׺ȻЩھܾ˳ȥԷ顣
ԵǸ֣һٲԶûš
ΪԼңʵڲֵá
ҪʰҲóԱ˲
뵽ΰ̲ס̾˿
ֻһʱ䣬СҷϢŹȥʮӡ
ָҪԵǼҲȥҪСʱ
Сҳ˳Ҳزô졣
ʱ䣬ûоܾӦͶԷһȥԷڶൽ·ˡ
ΰԽԽܣӱ֮ǰˣֳ̾˿
ʱȻ
ΰʶЩơ
ʱ䣬ҶӦȥԷˣ˭ʱ
˼֮£ΰ´Ьӣſȥ
żǺʲô¡
ȥһƣֻվ⣬ϲ֪ʲôʱ·
Ŀԣΰ׿ھҪˣæǰţǸ֣ҪҲȰ˺òãθе⣬ǧܰԼˡ
̨׹ͬ뷨ΰ׾˳ˡ
ȻΪܸһ̵Ľѵΰֻɫšһûʲôû˵ˡ
ΰ䵭̬ȣ˿⡣
ԣΰʱԸǺܺõĴˡ
жˣǹ°ǹ̡
Ҫ붼оϥۡ
Ա֮£ԼֱҪ̫Ҹ
ΰ׷ԼӦ˸żĹ⣬ͱԷɵˡ
УǴӦһȥԷѣֲǴӦ飬ô
ΰⲻ˵Ի·öԷȥͲóˣصؿ
ƮԶ˼˲
ΰ׼ҪߣͰϵЦգȻȥ˯£Ǿߡ
ôһ˵ΰײŷԼ˯ء
뵽ղȲҪߵؼʱ̵ӵΰϲ¶Ρ
ΪЦعæ˷䡣
·ٴ߳棬װʲôûӣ˵һ䣺߰ɡ
΢΢ףȻʲôȥλ
ΰױ˲֣ո˺С˵һҪȥ
ʱ䣬СѾҪˡ
ΰ׼æͳֻСҲðˣ˳㷢˸ȷѡ
֪ǣСҲûȥǼҲǵһʱ佫Ϣ
СյϢʱ򣬲Щ顣
Ϊλܹгദϸһûиΰࡣ
ӵִ֮ʣΰ׸оԼѾǰ󱳣Ӹһ֡
տʼΰ׻ЩΡ
Ŵˣΰ׾ʹαľ
¶Դ٩Ŀ⣬ΰ׶治ɫʲô
ţΰ׵ŸոС˵㣬ǶԷ
š˵ࡱԭα˳Ĭ
ƼûзΰײЩơ
ôˣͻȻɡ
׻˵³
϶ڱС
ĳ²֮ΰһ·϶ҵġ
˰ᣬûж
ŶûҪ˵Ļǰӡ
оʱΰ׽񾭶ʱˡ
֮ǰ⽻λòǰ׼òˣعܳϡ
ڳʹ֮£Բ
ΰûӣžͱˡ
õ֮󣬼ԱŲ˽
ΰɵˡ
عʱ򣬲Ѿȫˡ
ΰգգۣתͷһ±ʵǲϴˣǶûء
ףһ߸ΰʢһ߻صûϴ·Ͼǰòˣš
˵겻ΰ׿ڣһ䣺ʲôԵĿټӡ
ΰԣɨһϵĲˡ
˵ÿϲԵģûһǲ׵ġ
ΰױͶòУߣ˵üˣڰĳ꣬ʡ˷ʳ
Цΰ׵ԴСΡ
ĵ٩֮⣬ΰ׷һ޴İۣ˿ûԼ
𣬾ûҼŪΰס
ΰ׹ԹԺһ뼦ͿʼԷϺ
ΪϺˣٶȻ𵱳˲١
ʱͰһϺʷΰǰ
ΰ̧ͷķ˿δӶûе㲻˼
ķˣΰǵлȰϽԷɣҪʲôԼŪ
ЦһǺܶõġ
ΰŲӲ˭㰡飬Ҫ
üǣҲҪ
£ָΰʢ¶Է̻ʵʱҭš
ΰﺬŶ˵ֻЦЦԱʾԼĸл
¾õͬʱһҪΰˮϷĻ
ٷ˿ռƬģɵİڸ罻ƽ̨ϴ
ЩƬʵٹҥ˵ģܲסЩûԹϣټٷ˿Ǿɵˡ
ˢ΢״̻Ǯһˮ³
ϴûܸΰףǰ濪·мˮ˰ɡ
ˮмܶ·Ҳ
ΰ׵΢֪ڼˡ
ǰ˵㿿Ǳλһɵɵظ쿴ЩƬҿϹˡ
ȱվӣǶеаţǰ漸ζתˡ
äΰֱˣ˧òҡ
ٷ˿滶װ˿ô֮ǰ΢һɣƤڶá



170 ת 
۲
ɱ࣬ΰ׵νս죬˺òɿ
ûã¾Źزע⡣
ΰ׵ı֪֮һӶûҵ飬̸֪ᰣѯʴ
¹ΰףᰲţùزȵţȥ
Ȼ˼ϢȥǱʼûлӦ·ʯͷ˴󺣡
һһĻϽǵʱ䡣
ڻ˵ӣġҹӦûûʼɡ
תһ룬ʱǲƣѰ˼ά㡣
ΰСʤ»飬Դһͬɲһյ˽Ҳ˵
뵽ᰲЩҪҪ绰
һڡǻԼϰĺ£
˺һ˾
Ǵ绰ȥѯʱȽϺá
󹫹صĻƽʱ䣬ΰϾҪˡ
ʱոհõڶϺʡ
ΰⲻȥסǿժףֽԷԡ
ԣ͸ǹƵģ¶ɢ̵Ϣ
ڳ϶ҪѾͬ˵
ζ
̫ѳˣ
ûڳ⸱Цݵı飬ΰ׵ע⡣
ΰ״첲¶Цô֣
ɤӣ𣿡
ΰ׵ͷа
Ϊ˵ΰⲹͯƭѩ¶ƻš
ݣɻ֮־ЩЦΪʲô˵ţ
˵겻ΰ׿ڣ˵һ䣺ѵڰʾϣ
ΰԣ̲סƲƲ죬һصֻЦر}ˣȫµļƤҪˡ˵˴첲
꣬ʶԼ𣿡
ΰ׼ͷ֮ʣȻƳֻĻ
һᰴĵ绰
ΰױ㳯ŬŬ졣
״ΪΰҪףаһϲ˳ƴ˹ȥ
ΰ׷Ӧ죬ʱ㿪
˿գЩίȰʾҵġ
ΰ⻰һ޴İۣӵ绰
ΰôһ˵ŷֻĻˡ
Ƽᰴģʵʲô£
ڽӵ绰ˣᰰһֱˣزǱʴ
üͷ˭ڸ
ᰴͷЩԲзۣ;һ֪ˮ
ĿģǼͬ͵Ա˿
ˮԴͷѾڲˣԤưСʱ֮
ӣϹأѴҥԵIDռԾӰӵߡ
ʣڱҥȳȶȣ
ֱҪΰ׵ͽֻݸԵˣ˵º
ܲشᰵͼΰ׻ǽӹ绰ʵʲô£
ᰴܽһϵôȽϺʣ
ΰײʥĸȻᵱʲô¶ûߵߣõǸĵǸ
Ϊٷ˿кûųΰⶣȱŰҷ幫棬ţ˵׼ջ񡣡
㣣ᰲ֪˭ģȺһ£
ΰüúҿԾ
Եɴܣꡣ
°ΰ˵ȥǵ
ʱöΰ׷ƢƾҪ鷳ˡ
Ǹ᰾̲ס˸¡
ͺΰֻܲܰܣҺ˵䡣
ΰΪҪ˵ϵ£ͺܸɴػֻ㡣
Щƣֻʵʲô£
ǵΰ׾Աߣ»ᱻԷѹ˵ʱ壬أ
ԤϵˣԲûжС
ϣڵһʱ壬ܱΰܸ಻Ҫá
ΰ൱⣬רƶһ㶼С
ţԼǿӸΰףԷ϶᲻ˡ
뵽òײŰΰ׺ãʱ˳ŶԷɡ
ΪԼù㣬òòͰ˼ȥɡ
Ӧá
ȷûˣ᰾͸ɴҵ˵绰
ΰ׵˼ȥ֮һզһ߸п
ǿֲ˹Ȼܰ˵һ޹ϡ
ٶȷչȥò˶ãͻΰ׵Ӧˡ
Ϊΰײùܣ΢ϵ¾ҡ
ܿ죬ǱλϢɹȦˡ
ڵĻǰųԹȺˮ£𽥶Ųɣ¶һɭɭЦݡ
ΰףܿҪ˺Ĺˣλô
ˣ⣬Ҳֻֽкá
ΰ׵Ĳ״ҧҧֻǮһˮͶŵ΢档
ⲻ֪һжΰ׵С
ΰȦôãĹ
εĺϣֻҪó֤ݳ壬˳ոһ󲨷˿
˲ܳΪ˿ҲΪΣ·Եһ¥
ԺȥĵӰˣЩɶǱڵƱš
ԱصƵ꣬ΰСŵ΢һȦֺܶ˶
оٷ˿ûˣΰ׾֪ͨȥ幫档
زǱյϢϾӰӵһڸ罻ƽ̨ϸΰױҥ
ͬʱҲӰӣʾǿԸɻˡ
Ƭ̣ӰӵĹٲһ档
Ǵͳ˺ݻࡣ
ֻ֪֡
ЩɢҥԣתٵIDȫ¼ϡ
֮࣬û³զࡣ
ҪΰײպأҶҪΪǾӰӵ̫үˡ
ͺףûǸ͹˾ôӡ
ʵ֤վǶԵġ
Ҿ֪ǶаŵúܣȻ
ˣˣŷתˡ
ͬΰϣ֪Ǳˮ֮󣬺ܶѶΪھΣ·˷ۡ
ΰ׸оˣлŷζʮ΢˸ϧ
ٷ˿״׷ƿڴ
Ȼûƣΰ׷˿ͱ·˻ȥ
ԭΪΰʮþˡ
û뵽Ӱӵٶô졣
뵽Ƿܶ˿׷Ⱥﰬعѯ¸ô졣
Щ˿󲿷ֶѧһСǸճĴˡ
ͬصͲȱ˼ױǣűߡ
ҲϣԼòУûǡ
£ٸ˿Ⱥܿҳһࡣ



171  
ע⵽Ӱ³ˣæ˼βûдɾ
ٲǸ̬ȾͲѡҷΰסֱдˣ֪ж໤̡
ӰǺǳڹܣǳֺѡ
ɴ˿ɼ̬Ⱦͺ̬һ
²⣬᲻ǱͶˡ
ٳûжΪռ֤ݣԼ
г·ۣ̲ס˸¡
ϸЩԵˣ˾ƲǱ뿪۶ȥطܷͷ
뵽䰵Ҹˮת˵ʱûԼп
һ϶Źġ
˿ٴθͨѶĳ˷һϢȥԷɾԲȻûùӳԡ
ʱ䡣
ÿһͻֻԷûлϢ
ǰ󲻹ӵʱ䣬ȴ÷·˼͡
ڣھŴֻ鿴ʱǱ߻뿴֡ˡ
䶢ĻסƬ̣عһ
֮£Ǳ߾ûôˡ
ᰵĻ㱨üͷָʶӵûĻ˭
ԲõĻᰵһᵽɤۣ˲٣ܣԷʵ̫ƻˡ
Ц֪ģҲ
˵겻᰿ڵĻᣬֵ֪ͨȥµĽûˡ
´ΣĽ𶼲ˡ
Ųˣߵλá
ף
ܸʮǧ᰹ֻܸܵѹ
ʿˮͷƤĲʣһʱ̬ס
Ϊû˭鲻ã˵¾ֱӹҵ绰
ɫ̫ãΰΪ˾Ǳ߳˼£ܲ˼˵վ˾ҪȥȻȥɡ
Ϊģΰظҿչ˺Լġ
ԣЩЦ˵ǰɣǸСûĵġ
ΰ׹˹ӣʵʲôûģ
˵겻ڣΰ˵һ䣺㲻˼˵Ϊòã
ΰе㲻ˣæŵ̬úúãҴˣˡҵСڣ˲С˹ҪҼƽϺ𣿡
ΰԭΪǸԣܻҪ䡣
˭룬ϴȻϵô졣
˼ˡ
ΰúܣϵĿʹ˼ֲơ
ע⵽ˣѾǸˣλôأ
ΰ׵˽⣬ѻ˵ϣԷӦ˲Ŷԡ
˹ˣһơ
ΰ߹ҹģǿΰĹĵӣ˵˶ԷҲӦͰѵߵĻָ̻˶
ۿʱԽԽΰ˸ĹǷһ䣺ˡ
һ룬ͳſȥ
֪סˣûпڡ
qΰ͵ڷ֮
̫ȣΰҪԵУ»ĶЩڡ
£ΰֻܵͷŽż⣬ǰ˶ӡ
˿ΰײСС
ΰ˵꣬Ӱһͻ˷Ѹײڶ֮ƹš
ղоԼ·һֻһ˶ţ·ʱҪ븹
ΰûаȫе£һӦ·
˵ģԼһ㣬Ҫˡ
Ͼǰûиɹ¡
ΰ׻ص䣬ϴɵϡ
˯ʴ£ܿ硣
ɾûô˯ˡ
ʱ˿ţΪʲôôɴϴΰɺӡ
Ȼΰеɰ¶Է塣
˼⣬ֻѰҴ𰸡
תһȦһõ֪ʶ㶼ûС
֮£ֻֻܷȵˣ˯˵
ҹˣ˶У١
Ǿ˷˿±ץߣǷ˿ΰˮɷߣڿ˵ڽͷö״̬
Ƿҷ˿йԱ
˵䲻ģ´ãԺֻҪ֣ͻ뵽
Ǹپͳһͷ
ʵͷ˲й˾ϰһȺ߹ܡ
˯žҲҹδ²ܽӰ콵͡
и߹ܴʵڲУǾͰѩһʱ䣬ʲôʱ粨ٰųǾô
ٹϵȽϺõĸ߹Уǹ˾һ㡣
һô˾ĿɲǼֵǸӰ졣
֪֪һӺҪѶٹ򣿡
˵Ҫѩصĸ߹ܲ֨ˡ
ΪһӺȷʵס
˫Ӻ
ӽÿŰһΣһξһŮǡ
ȦŮǲ֪ж
ʮеĲпԣԶѩͷˣ׷뷨
£ǷֳӲͷƤס٣Ҳû취ˡ
ڽһϵľ˼״ڵԷ
ڶ죬ΰӵٻ
뵽ҪȥƬϷΰû̫á
ңΰ׾һ۾һʵͳʲô
£ΰԼ˯ġ
ΰ۾ɨַֻۣһڣ˿
ҺûбˣȻͶˡ
ͨΰ׵ǳûˡ
ƿ´Ь߽ͬԡϴ
ΰ״ԡҳ˯£׼ֻѯСҽʲô
˼룬ΰܴ߹ȥͬʱˡ
ΰ׿һֻվ⣬ӵӲ𴲡
Ŀԣΰ׻ûüڣͱһϴ˵Ļ͡
ΰ㶵ͷ
ӿɰˣ̲סͷ
ΰ׻ع֮󣬷Դ̲סĵֻҵֵ㣿
ݣЦЦ
ǵһ˰Լݳɹġ
ΰЦһҲӦղźԼȥˡ
ЦΰһѶԷ⣬ҧгʵܺЦ𣿡
ҡҡͷϵЦݣһЦ
ΰĥĥոЦúܿġ
⻰ս˿ϵûУһ㶼ġ
Ϊΰײ£æתƻͣȻ;Ҫˡ



172 費Ҫæ 
ΰ׳ԹͣˣȥƬֱˡ
ǵƬ֣˳ɻкܶ๷ţ;ܾżһȥҪ
ֻܾ֮Сȥ׶԰ϸףվſ
ֱΰ׵ӰСʱ߷ΧԴʧջߡ
صͬһ򿪵ԣʼһĹ
ΪΰףĻϵ֮ʣ˼ܻ᲻ƮΰǱߡ
ţ̧һʱ䡣
ΰ׳Źʮӡ
·̣ԼλСƸյ·
Щꡣ
ŷֿôʱ䣬Ϳʼ˼Էˡ
ǰҪ֪ĸ϶ᳰЦԷСڶŮ鳤֮С
ڷȥûˣˡ
뵽ʧЦҡҡͷ
Ϊ˲ȥΰףֻܱԼоȫעͶ뵽С
Լʾ˵ãģͲôΰˡ
ʱΰ׳ıķոյִƬ
ΰ׽ñȽ磬˳Լ鳤˶ûй
Ļѧϰ֮ͳ籾˼ֽ籾۾ʼ̨ʡ
ΰ׵ļټЩ̨Ѿټֻ輸Ӿͺá
ȷϽ缸Ϸ̨ȫ꣬вֿǵΰ۾
һ룬ΰ׾ͱǰĻһ
ֻ½վһԶʲôû˵ǶЦ
ΰסƬ̣عŷ࣬ɲž£½è·һûУˡ
½ԣ˵Ǹֵʦ΢ϵ´𣿡
ʵ鱬ʱ½Ѿע⵽ˡ
ΰһֱûȥ¡
˭룬ûе˵黹иˡ
ʧˢøжȵĻᣬ½ǺǱ
ûڻᱻм©ûа취֡
Ϊ˲Լ̫ף½һҹζҪȥΰǰ˵˵£ʾԼڹע
ܲܰæǾͿˡ
ΰײ֪½СžţΪԷǹѯʵѾȥˣӦò˰ɡ
һ綼ûˢ΢ȫ֪ķΡ
Ǹ·Ӧòġ
ס˼ΰʵôͻȻ˵
½ЦЦҾ㣬費ҪҰæ
鱬ǻٸìܡ
ҪΪŶܣܹⲻȥһֱھҪҪ㡣
ΰײ֪ôģܸо½Щ֡
ҪݵĻǲԲ
Ҫ½ıû쳣֮ҪɶԷڸҩںС
˼Ƭ̣ΰײɫһ½
ţû˿䶯Ӧˡ
ΰеĻɢȥ½һ
ҺûΰײڶԷеҪˡ
˼˳Ĭ˼룬ΰЦڣˣ㲻þˡ
˵겻½ڣΰʶûôС
⻰һ½ϵЦݽסþûָ
ҪǵĻΰᣬ½סԷļʹҡΡ
ѣ˾ǽˣ
֪˶ã½Ц˵ʦȻҪҰæҾȻȥˡ
½ٴȥ¿ܻƲסԼ
ǰ½ﰵ
治֪ãΰ׾Ȼά
ǸԵرСˣ
ΪԹ̫һʱͽ¶ϡ
ΰע⵽ˣ¶ɻ󣬡½ɫͻȻôѿ岻𣿡
½عæѹǹɷƽıصϺģθͻȻһ£ûˡ
ΰθãϱθⷽرӣȰпȥҽԺɡ
½ҵĽڡ
Ƽΰ棬½ò˶Էĺ⣬ֻҪͬص˵ͷ
ΰ׻붣Էʳϰߣȴڿ֮ǰױʦˣʦױ
뵽һϷģæ˻ױʦˡ
һߣһϣ˸취
ԼúǳɿڣȥúǳɿڵѹƶԷ
ʱ䣬ѾЩûȥլˡ
ôȥү֮ǰҲò˰ɡ
뵽ʰһ£𼱻ǳš
ĿĵȻլ
òԶȥŸչ˾ŵ㡣
ϰߣ͵ʱ
ΪܹүӣͶûгԡ
룬󰡡
ҪүӲæǾ̫ˣ
³֮Ժӣ׼ȥȴӶ£С㣬үӽйҪд޹ؽҪ˲ڡ
СÿլǱӭȥġ
ͻȻ£˶ɵˡ
Σգգ۾һ˼ʵ֪˭𣿡
Ӷ⹤˼꣬Ȼϵã֪ҶС㡣
ԣһ׽ӣθ֪˭ң
Ӷ˱ɤ̵̲סüͷרҵָܿ΢ЦӣǸүӷԸġ飬ȥүӡ
꣬ӶڹΪ̳ɤӼеÿھȥүү
Ӷ˳˳ǣүӽԼˣ
͵ض˶ţֱӴȥʱȻƳһٻӰ
ẓ̌ϳˣ֣ҵСŮ֣ġ
գ۵Ĺ򣬾Ͳ³֣ˡ
Ϊ֤Ĳ²Ƿ׼ȷջʵүүĹͣ
Ӷģʵ׼ȷ˵֣үӺ֣С㡣
ǰңȻ֪үиܺõĵ飬֣үӡ
֣үӴŮʲô˼ν˾֮ģ·˽֪
ҧҧɲԸߣȥүү˵
Ӷ˿ξܾ֮ʣԶȻһô£
ʶתͷȥֻ֣üۼɻ
Ŀԣ֣Ĳüͷ
λݵĴС㲢ôԸ
ƽʱȦӲһûôͻ
ϣٲҪͶԷڽǡ
֣ǧذתһ̧۾ͼ嵽ǰµȰʶ㣬ٷ˵λҵģ
⻰֣̲סЦС㣬ںҿЦ𣿡
ŭʵЦʲô



173 Ϯ 
䱻үѲܡ
֣үֺүӹϵܺã֣Ȼ֪顣
ǰ˼ңÿκڽǣٶá
ụ̂ûҪŶԷˡ
뷨֣ǷһЦǵ˵ָף˹ڣС㣬ʱͬգϣʵ
֮⣬ѾҪٺƤȥˡ
֣ţѻ˵ϣҪӦüﲻߡ
Ȼ֣ǧΨ©һ£ĳЩȱ
˵ί⻰֮
֪֣ܲҪʲôݶԷԤڿжϳŮ˲ڳ
룬Сֻ˵ķݶ˳͵øʹĴۡ
֣ĳĿ£䲻һ˹ȥ
·ͻȻ֣ĸӦ
عʱѾݺݴһơ
֣ĺӽķ֣˸ȫ¶һ顣
֮ǰڸпʦù⻬˲١
֣ĺǺڡ
ԭڣӴʵ̫ˣ
֣һʱûסӶһȿֺۿӿžµ
״ͷǹŭյʢ
һ޶ס֣ĵͷڶԷûü֮ǰһ˹ȥ
֣ıˣټȽĹ£ֱ޷
ֱ֣ӱ˲䵥Ź״̬
Ƽˣ֣λС㻹ǱѹŴһӶ˼æǰȥȰܡ
;ɻӶ˱ȫ
ûãͱһƿˡ
ΪӶϽ֣ģһʱ˿ͱƵˤڵء
Ϊүӻģ⽫ԼƯƯ²Ű׵ĸ߸Ь
ˤڵǸ˲䣬״һʹ̲סе
ϧǣӶ˵ע֣Ǳߣû˼ʱ
ټƽϲһСӶ˾Ϊڹ̬ʵϸû¡
֮£׵øͷƵ֣ģ˵ضˡ
Ӷ˷֣һûߡ
״óɤӺ㾹ȻңҪͶ㣡
ӶޱعͷΪûʧ֮ҪͶ߾ȥɡ
˵겻俪ڣӶ˵һ䣺Ƿǹġ
ôû뵽һӶ˶Ҹɫһʱ־ŭ
Ȼ֪ߵغӶʱԷѾ֣߳˺Զһ·
ֻŶˣ߶⣬˵׷ȥסǡ
£ֻڵϣŭǰˡ
֣˿һ¶ջ˵Ŀ⡣
֣һŮ֣үƽǱúܡ
С֣үһػû˵
˵ǡˤˣ»ˡΪ
Ƽ֣ı˴ˣ֣үӵŭ͵һʵô£
֣ĵͷĬĬᣬʲôû˵
ŮԸ˵֣үӾͰĿͶӶˣ˵
ĿԣӶ˾̲ס˸£ǣҶСġ
֣үüͷҶС㣿
ӶˣλС㡣
֪ʩ˭֣үӵüͷøˣԵ޳ΪʲôҪģ
˼Ƭ̣ӶʵһųĿԡ
һ̣֣үӻûüڣͱүһȥ䣬ԺҪˡ
ٷ˵λã˭ֲ
´ҵȥ۸ˣݹҲ˶֡
һĻ˵Ǹ𴫻Ӷˣ֣үӶɵˡ
ǰүж谮䣬۾Ķó
˵䲻ģ֪ĻΪСеʲô˵뷨
˭룬үʱ·ˣԶ䡣
ҶΪүӹͻָɴǰӡ
ڿүҪϾˡ
ߵ־ĻƬǱߵ־ȴˡ
ʱذСʱǰ
ΰ׽һ㣬ͬصԼϢ
ʱ֪ˣ߬Űѵֱֱͱ˹ﻹںΰף˾ȥɣ
ͻ״ΰûа׼ȻǷӦ
½ۼֿ죬ڵΰ׵ǰһӣΰһק˹
˸գ۾ˣת½ȥȻϲ£ΰһµˣ
ΰ׻عسֱߵ˹ȥ
ǰȥΰ׵׼ͷ㲻
һΣͽͼõͱҵڵء
ŶԷʹ֮ʣΰһǰȥԷͷס
һ룬һŮӳ
ΰ׹һµ䣬ٽ϶ԷΪƲ⣬ŮӦûгꡣ
ʵ֤ΰ׵Ĳ²һû
ΰ׻ûڣŮ޼ɵ˾뱨ǲǣû꣬
Ϯΰ׵й
ʮ꣬ĿǰͶϷĳСеĳС
ٵԲзۣںǿ֡
˵ÿ仰ֱ޲ÿ̽
ѧؼң֪ΰ׺ٶˡ˼Ůǣͳĸײע⣬͵͵Ӽ˳ҪΪֻع
︸ĸƽ﹤æǳڳ·ϣԼŮĹע١
Թ͵ֱڶû֡
Ӱӻߣĵһ¾ȥ˰ˮ
Լûʮ꣬ҪΣʹŵȥƬ
޺ɹƬ档
˸ղŵľһĻ
ﱻҵڵصʱ򣬵һӦ־ڣǺԼƽԵĲ࣬Żڹʱ̵ӡ
ҪԳٽӣΰ׾ͱҵˡ
뵽°ͣǲмΪץסҾˣҸ㣬ֻҪһţҾҪٽֻع
⻰׷׳˳ǡ
üһ֪ĻΪʲôԩĴӢۡ
С²ǵӾ翴ˡ
ΰЦ㲻Ϊûʮɱ˷Żû°ɣ
ڴ֮ǰȷʵõġ
ΰӣԭȵ뷨˶ҡ
һ͵ҡҡͷΪ˵˵ƭңҿɲС
ΰú˷ʱ䣬תͷȥС˵ǹ
СңѾˡ
֪Ǳˣۿɼػ
С㱻ץסҲᱻ
û뵽ΰ׾ȻôҪͽ֡
ʱƬȻһӰ
ΰŲתͷȥ˭ˣ˾ͱ͵קһůĻ



174 Ѳк 
ΰ̧ͷ˭ʱ򣬶еΰף
ĿԣΰǾȣôˣ
˽⣬ԷӦھƵ괦Ŷԡ
ʮֽı飬ΰ׾öԷ˳֪ͼõͱ¡
ΰס˼׼ѯǲ֪£ȴԷһûˣ
⻰ΰײûжپȣȻˡĸо
û´Ļٷ˿ϮǻСҺ¾͸ͨ籨ȥˡ
˵ȣΰײûдһǰ˼ΪΰǱɵˣ۶Է
ΰƽʻӣɱ˵Ķˡ
ȻǷᣬɱʲôĶԺ롣
Ƕ˵кܶɱ˸ʹİ취
Ϯΰ׵Բзۡ
ϲ٣Ҫ;̹ɱ٣ⱲӶزȦ
³̣ͰΰţһϮΰ׵ˡ
ò˵Ӻˡ
Ҫ׶԰СƼˣһ϶ᱻŵ۴ޡ
ڳûСѣСľǹ
ѧУǴ󣬵ˣǱԷѹȵСס
Ҫǹ˼ӣ͵ˡ
žǹѹڹͷĿ־Ũ˶սս
оڵͷ̨ϵȴ̵ķˡ
ͷǰѵ䲻ܡ
ڣּܲ尾ĸоŲӴ󺰵ΪڳҾͻ㣡
ԣо˼ƽϼֱ˷ʱ䣬ʧ֡
£ʶԷͷȴ˴ߡ
״Ϊǿʼմմϲ
̫ˣ
ȻϲñֲӣͱƬľơ
˽ͰѹѺϡ
ǹԹϵˡ
ڴڼ䣬ͼ˺ü顣
ͼûпɱԣֻ÷
ΪӦЩˣ;лЪ˹ﺰδˣץҲûã
ΰЦ㲻Ϊøξû˰ɣ
ȷʵΪġ
øΣʲô£
ΰӣ־ûԼ򵥡
û취ȷΰ˵ģ㳶˸ƭ䡣
Źһ裬ΰ̲ס˸ۣС²һ䣺ϴϴ˳ףٲȥɴǿϧˡ
ΰ׺͹òԶ仰һֲȫ˶
ҪȥΰۣȴᣬֱӰѺ˾
һأмλãſڳΰ׶С
Ŀ;Զȥΰϣղž飬оرơ
ΰôû뵽Ȼڹ컯֮Ϯ
ǣϮǸä
ѵѧУշ
ΰײ⡣
δ˾޼ɵΰײΪҵδǡ
Ƭô飬ʱʱ̶̿Źк˽ϢȻܿʹϡ
Բۣڵķ˿ԲУ
ͷ˲ٵķ˿Ⱥøа֯Ƶģ̫ˣ
ΰʲôͷβֻʵʵϷѡ
Һõᡣ
˶ʮ꣬ûܵô𺳣ԭϲһ˾ͿԺɱ
زܸܲϽܹܣҸоԼȫòˡ
Ժ˭˵ٰ㲻ãСķ˿õ㡣
⵵£Щΰ޸еѣڶЩˡ
ΰ׾һ˿
ΰûʱȥܷ˿¡
ΪƬؾƵ֮󣬾͸鹷ƤҩƵģһֱ֡
ΰе㴭ĸ첲磬ܲɿ㣿ҿҪˡ
ɿһ㡣
ΰ׼״ǺЦ
ɿһ㣬һѡ
ΰתͷЩҰɫһĨ⡣
ϮˣôӦ󰡡
֪˻ΪվǾĶǵһĻ
ﰵ²˼䣬ΰ֧첲ײײ˵ڰɡ
˵ûڣΰظⲻǺúõ׳ܴһͷţ
оΰ׶һ㶼ӣüͷ㻹鿪Ц
ΰϵЦݽס
ıͨķʽɡ
û뵽˾Ȼѵ
ǹҧʶģ
ΰ׹˹ӣȻ󱳹ȥԷ
ƼΰװڳܾͨӣüͷüֱܼӬ
֪֪ΰƬϮϢжżͱ
Ϲȥ·ϣоʱ⡣
ͣشߴ£˾ϣʮӾ͵ˡ
Ȼʮӵʱ䣬оԼ·˼͡
µոսŹû·Ҫǻ
ԿΰƤЦһ
˿ǿѹͷŭýʵΰף֪֪ղŵζʲô
ΰ׵Ȼ֪ڳѵ˵̬ͶԷŸɣζҸѽ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰЦû˵Ѳк󸣡
ҿ̫иˡ
ʱûȻȥŲƱ
˵׼ڵĴ󽱾ҵˡ
ΰԹ˵һѣɫԽԽѿ
޿̡
Ϊ˲ΰ׼˵˵ֱӽΰ׵ס
ΰױΪ̲ȥϵĻ
˭룬һﾹȻ˵ˡ
ΰײܿڣֻ
ȻͻȻ䱿ˣȫⲻ˼
ΰûа취ֻȥĸ첲ͼԼȳ
״ΰ׶֮ǰпס˶Է
ʱִʾˡ
һֻ֣ܰΰֻס
ΰ˵˵ˣǺˡ
ѵΰףʡûûεġ
ǼÿҪ޳ˣЩĲ̡
ᣬջ˳ӦģɿԼλСڣҺҲ㣬ֻǺܵ㣬ŻƲסԲ𡣡
ΰ׻ָɣûתſȥ
ҪסΰףȴֵĻǵöԷ
£ֻ׷ȥ
ΰ׻û߳ɷ䣬ŵ̬ҴˣҶԣǲҪսòã
ΰ귢һЦĸҺƽϡ
⻰ΰ׼ӿµĲӷ·й׷
ϲìܹҹһǰȥסΰ׵ȥ·
ΰױͣ£ڵһȼŭ



175  
ϱӹ̫ѹֵԵʣΰⱲӹ˼档
˵ģܹ侲Լĵǣΰ׾ԲǻΡ
Ͱڳѵ˵̬ΰײû˿θУһͶԷ
ղ⣬֪ԷҪĴ𰸣ǲԷ⡣
Ҫط䣬͸϶Էˡ
ΰ״Լؿǰĸ첲ĥĥʵȷÿ
ԣ쳣ᶨصһлҪ˵˵֮ǰǲÿġ
⻰ΰ¶ŭֶ˼֣һ飬ȷÿ
ֵʶٱ飬Ҷ𰸡
ΰЦˣãȻ㾴ƲԳԷƣǾͱҶ㲻
˵ĸ첲ҧһڡ
걣ŽϰߣϵļҪࡣ
ΰҧһоҧ
£ΰֻܼӴȣ̵ľʹ
ڣҧݶ˵ʱ򣬶һ̺ʹƺߡ
ʵϣֻ已̥ټϵ˿˯ºܱ𲻵赲ãΰ׸ҧǻѾˡ
֮ûΪӰˡ
˭룬͵ʱΰ׾ȻӴҧȣ·Ҫҧһſưոݡ
̲סˣƺߡ
ΰ֪ˣжʱһĨ⡣
ΰĨܿͱ㵸ȡˡ
ԭڣѪҺеζϮ⣬Ŀǻӿ
ΰסƬ̣ʶǱҧѪˣﲻֻҡ
عΰ׼æ鿴
ãһС˿ڲ̫⡣
ΰżӣһƣʼ£ţҧ̫ʹˣ
Ϊ˵ڴڼ⽫һţͲֱдšʹ֡
ΰԭΪҧѪΡ
ʹ֮еθи塣
ĿԣΰüۼǾʵҪҪȥҽԺ
룬С˿ڣȥҽԺƶԶˡ
˿ûϣҽƻ᲻
ʱΰ׵ͬҪô϶вͨġ
أܾ̾ҪȥҽԺ
ΰʵڹⲻȥٴһ飬ȥҩ
Լΰ׶ȥ˿ڡ
Ϊʵ̫СˣҪȥ
Ƿϣΰ벻ȥܶС
û취˭µ
ΰס˼ƹҪߡ
קסΰס
ΰ׻عͷ¶ɻʵôˣ
ָ˿ڵҩҴܺˡ
ΰˣ⻰ƭСѵģֲǲ֪
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰ׾Ѹ첲
Ȼΰ׳˼Σûܳ/
·Դ502ˮĸ첲ճס
ΰ֪⣬˵Ǹһˮƽ棬òвУ
˿ڳͰ͵̬ҡ
⻰һΰɵˡ
Ǻֵܱúе
û뵽Ȼơ
ΰһǳӲԼСƵģ˼˵Է㲻ǡ
ί֮ɫΰһʱ䶼֪˵Щʲôˡ
˽Ƭ̣ΰĵǴ£ЩŤؿ˿ڣԲ𡣡
ҪĿɲֹǵǸ
ΰ׵˽⣬ԷӦš
ΰ׸һ㣬ʶû̸ԷӦ
ͬʱڲɫ۲ΰ׵ı顣
оòˣٴοڣ֪Լǰ˺ܶ£ҶӦõġ
ʹˣʵ֮顣
ѹôʱˣ㶼ԸҸϣһ˳ݡ
ΰεͬʱ̲ס²۵
ʱǲˢ˺ܶ磬ô˵ȫζ
˸һ˸е֣ⳡ׵籾硣
ԭΪ˵Щͻΰ׵ϧ
ΰ׾ȻƤ¹Ȼ񣿣
˭ܸһˣ
˼⡣
ΰжͿԻشˡ
ʵԭܼ򵥣ˡ
ҵʱ㣬ΰ׶Ϸ
֪ı̫£ֻܵΰ׸Ц
Ȼееġ
ΰΪ̫ЦֻͨѹЦ⡣
ı£ʱЦԷָڳʲô
ⷬ߾͹ˣٴ̼ԷữΣץסļģʽ
ΰɤӣһصû㣬ǸȷʵûǺá
ܵİ⣬ǰľӰ
ûǷθС
˵صĻ⣬ΰ׵Ц˲ʧɫ
ע⵽ˣһ⡱
һʱ䣬ֱýӲ
۶䱻ϳլ֪֮ϢٹþͻᴫȦӡ
үү֪ʧȥɽ϶ԴЩýһ޸һЩֵֹˡ
˵䲻ģ
䲻޸ʮͷӣֺе棬ҶûؾֱɻǰӰӻء
¼ס޵ʱ˱˵֤
ǮƷ棬ȥ˸һСУȡһֽ
ǮתµпС
һͲúпﶳûǮˡ
ţֽصƵ꣬ϵ֮ǰھµߡ
֪ǳϷǰ㣬ʱˡ
үӷ˵ӣֵȥ
֪үǾ仰ǾԲܼ޽ˡ
Լ㲻ܼ޽ңҲܷŹΰס
ΰףܷܳͷ
ҴǮѾʳһˡ
ʱǵΰ׶Դ˺֪飬ΪҪҪ·ա
ΰ׾˺þãʼû취ѡֻתƻƬϮʱ½ңҵѡڸжԶٷӦûɣ
ԣĺܲԸǴӦû
ĩˣǿԷԣǵôҡ
ΰ⻰вûжپȡ
ӦʱͲµ˶Է
Ȼ̳Ҫһȥ
ΰüȥԣǰ㲻Ҫ˵˼һ͸Ƶ
һˬûС
ΰƲƲ죬̲ס˸ۣ´ֻ¼㻹ôƱ硣
ΪǾ͵¼˵
ΰױĺƤˡ
ĬƬ̣ΰֻһ½ʲôʱ򷽱㡣



176 ½Է 
䳰ֻҪ㣬½ʲôʱ򶼷㡣
˵겻ΰ׿ڣֲһ䣺Ųž˵ڣƨƨ߹
ΰԣͣס༭ϢĶ̧۾ʵ½ô
˵ϣҿûֻڲʵ
ΰЦ˼ң
ֵȻǡ
Ƥÿȳǽΰ̲ס˸޴İۣܹƹôĹ˾ȻƱ硣
ΰ׵ĳ֮ԣɵӣȻˡ
Уûȥ
ΰ׵˵ȣûд˼ٴο˿ڣ˵ԣһԷʱС
Ϊ½ĲһֱڷԷ
ΰ׸½Ĺעôһʱ˷·˴̳¶ɢϢ
½ΰףõΰ׵泰ֻӲ
ʵ½ΰ£ǷǳмԷġ
һһ롣
м½⿴֮йĽӴ
ΰڶ½ġ
˵ģΰά½ľͷе㻳ΰǲΪЧӦ½뷨
ԽԽܣϢѹ
ΰע⵽һ仯Щ֡
ֻǶ䣬Ϊ˰ɡ
˼£ΰֱʳ룬
ع˲еƣ»һ䣺ûС
˵ͺˡ
ˣҪΰ˵Ŷԡ
ΰô֪Ϊ½ˡ
뵽ûΰ׻ӦæĿڵղƭġ
ΰסƬ̣ǾȰӦû˵ʲôֵĻɡ
һԴǻصƵ꣬䲻½
ڴ֮ǰΰ׶ûʶ⡣
ôһ˵ΰϸһ£Լἰ½Ĵȷʵ١
Ǵ̳ӳɾԸ񣬻׳Ҳ
ΰЩŵ˲١
£˼ˡ
˵֮ΰ׵ıˣ˲˵
ϧûü˻Ҫ󣬾ͱΰһ˿ڣҺǸðɣԲ𡣡
ҪĸǵǸ
ΰ˵˵ˣֻʱѹ֮ǰͷ
¾ʹ˷ƪΰֵͷȥ༭Ϣȷûд֮󷢸½
½ķӦͬϡ
ΰԷϢ½˳ظʲôʱ򶼿ԣ㷽ʱͺá
ΰ׿֮󣬲顣
ԭڣ鷢չȻ˵ˡ
ΰӣ¸֪֮ǰ˸˵˵пա
׽ΰһ飬֪Է仰ˮ֡
½˽⣬Էʮа˾Ųô˵ġ
ǵΰ׵ӣѡȥ𴩶Է
תҹȻ
½ΪҪΰ׵Է¹ǰѡ·
ŵ˵Ҫ¹·ˡ
ѡѡȥ½ʼû
ֱԼʱ䲻һСʱˣѡײǿĴϣ𼱻ǳš
½ΰ׶ʹȥҶԷϣȻһǰԷĵط
ͷմĳΰǱ߾͸ƵģһϢҵˡ
½ûа취ֻֻǼʽ¥
ʱΰ׺ڰһСϷһظϢ
ΰ˼̧֣ͷյİţ̾˿
ö
½ʲôʱܵ⣿
ΰĶӣɵתһעȻֻоԽԽ
ȦʱĹһһ磬ΰ׾ͳСŵ΢ʼĴơ
ܿ죬ΰ׾ͱĹȥ
ò˵ĺܾ
ӵǧ˿ĶպŮѹͱŮȡ
һкӣոճ¡
ΪǷų֤ݶʯϴ׾ϴõģܶ˿תˡ
ΰ𾪵ʱһŮܳҷ˵Ĵա
Ůδ꣬΢ԼǱźͶԷ˹ϵġ
ڶȥȴľƵв
ȷʾֻҪȥ֣ͰƵŵĳΪվϣڶڴϵӡ
ŮΪһȻֱ֢ܹȥѲź
վҲǵԴԴϵĹ
Ȼô֤ǰԲзڽⲻģҪ磡
ΰ׳ںģС͵͵@ƽ۶
ǰͷܶѾǱˣ׷׸һء
˶ڣܿע⵽ˣϢݸ档
¹ش󣬲˷ǳӵӰ죬ȥ˶ʡ
泣ŹУҲֹһ
һĻȻ
ܿ죬Ϣʹϡ
ԹȺڶԴ˷׷ֽкá
Щﲢΰס
ڶ֮ǰͲòֻӭԼľˡ½
½Ƶ꣬ʮּ״̬
ԭ֮ΰ׵һεԷ
½̲ס²⣬ΰǲǶ뷨
ò˵ĳЩʱ˵Ի·Ǻ޲
֮ǰҲôġ
Ȼ½ṳ̂һ̣ӭ˻ԵĴ
ĿⴥüۼЩ½ֱſڡ
ΰ׼״ѯ岻ɫͻȻôѿ
ڴʱ½ȵӣ״õüֱܴͷţ
һת۵Ĺ½͸˪Ƶģήˡ
ǰ󷴲˴ΰ׵֪˲ͱ
½ԣæڸǵʵ״̬µıصûУЩȣҲ
֮⣬⡣
϶仰˼
ȷʵˣ½װʲô֪
ΰףͳԲҽģһھƵŹµ
⻰һ½ϵЦ˲佩ס
ά½عĵһ£װ̽Ǹˣ
ΰҡҡͷûаôȻˣ
֪ǻûиϣ½һֹЦݣ档
ʱȫ̳䵱ⱳˣ½ôҺΰ׵ĸ飬Ϊ̫𣿡
½ʾûʼء
⻰ЦҪԵ㣬ϾΰѵԷ
½ɫˣϵңǿǾһԷġ



177  
ò˵ɱġ
½⻰ӾͲΰͬͬĳ
һôֶ꣬ĳˣܵ϶ˡ
뵽½о·Ŀڣ̵ۡ
£½ɫò԰˲١
ΰע⵽ˣһ飺ɫһһǲ岻
½ش岻ﲻ
Ȼΰǰ裬Ǹû뷨ѡ
ݣΰǰ¶ʵ뷨
½ûа취ֻܱԼЦݣ糣һ䣺ء
ΰԣŰʵģ
½ͷһصġ
ΰҪ۲½ǲ˵ѵʱȴϡ
·ͻȻΰ׸Ӧ
عѾһˡ
Ƴ½Щ֣ΰΪԷΣһأ
ԭڴš
ΰһٶɹתˡ
ԭڣΰ׶ԴԸǣԴ½
ζΰǰԼ˰
óۣüۼɢƸղҧгݵ˲
һĻΰ̲סһ޴İۡ
ǹˡ
ôܳԴףǰ²ǸɾĴ̳ӡ
ΰﰵ²˼䣬ԼΪȴѿһԣæĿͶ½ʵʲôɿڵ𣿡
½룬Ҷâе
֪½âΰİԵġ֦¶ʡöԷܡ
ΪԱһݲ˵ΰ׾ûԵˡ
˭룬·ʧȥȻչţҵ㡣
ΰ
عھȡ
ľͻȻ϶ûƨ
ΰʿˮ¶ЩŵҪҰ㣿
ΰ˸ʽĴ֮ʣȴֻڽϵ£һ㣬ҵ㼸ˣ
ĩˣ½ǰϲʲô㶼֪ġ
ƺһΰ׵üͷ˲¶ʮı飬尡
ΰ״˴첲֮мżܲܺú˵
ʾȨǰΰ׳ȻҪ˳ŶԷܡ
ΰˣСһ䣺⻹ࡣ
˵ӣ̼½۾Ҫˡ
Ҫǽǽסͳȥΰױˡ
˼½侲ŭ֮ЩԼûг嶯
ΰ׵˽⣬Է϶Ѷ
½Цһ£̫΢ˡ
ΰ׵ˣ̧ͷһ̣ǡú½һۡ
׽½Ŀɬΰͷֲ֪ܲʣ
½ӣʧ˰
û˵½̸Ϣ֡
ԼǸСûĵڶ½ͷ
Ϊܽΰ׵ע
Сûĵô½ǲ岻ˣܸ˰ɡ
ʵ֤еʱ顣
ΰûѯΣֻǵһˮݹȥ
״ɵˡ
½֮Ĵδ̫˰ɡ
Ƴΰ׺½ˣаֿ
Ϊΰףȵر
ȳӣΰһĨȣð
΢Ͽ˵У㲻Ҳǰɡ
УȻôȥҽԺ顣
ΰԹ˵һѣ¾ҪڹںԤԼҽ
Ƽΰ׵ˣɫһ䣬Ѹײڶ֮߶Էֻ
ΰϵĿãȻ
ڳʲô磿
ΰװ˼⡣
½״ڳеıܣǲ岻ʹ˾͵ע壬ϲа
⻰һЦ˵Һõúܣллġ
½ЦЦ𲻺˼Ҫ˵
˵겻Ļᣬ½˵һ䣺ղȵú
뿪ڣͱΰһǰȥҽô²С
ΰ˵꣬ҪûԼֻ
ΰüͷɨ˶Էһۡ
£ٲԸǰֻ˻ȥ
ֻΰ׵ע⡣
ںˣֱӰԼҽԺȥˡ
ղŵľٶƽһζԼ̲˻ɡ
ΰҪȥҽԺ壬ֻĬĬοԼ͵ǰˡ
ΰԤԼҽаҹĻϰߣֱֱŶԷ˵Ժٰҹˣ岻á
Ϊһ㣬ΰ׹Żڿʮˣɲǰ˰
½⻰˿Цˡ
ΰЦﻹеڡ
ո˵Է϶رûӡ
ɫ˲٣ӣΰﲻθС
ƽϰˣһעѿڶˡ
ΰ򴽣תԲ
ϧû취߾ҧгݵˣ
ΰĿڵϣҺ㿪Цء
Ȼ㲻Ҫҹעġ
ûע⣬ʱΪҹԴԽԽˡ
ǰΰ磬ԷСȥٺˡ
ΰգգ۾ͼȻأڰɣҾں㿪˸Цѡ
ۿ޶ԣΰ׼дһʶвУ
ǣ΢΢һЦ˵ҲǴˣСˡ
ΰ׾ȵĿУֲһرǳСˡ
ΰȫû뵽˵˼ŵǸӣӶڲ֡
뿪ڣȻ
ܿ죬ԱŲ˽
˳Եģΰ׵ע˲תƵ档
Ҳ˲Ҫʲôˣк½һӿԡ
״̫Ѩͻͻֱ
ΰ̾˿ӣͬԷʢ
ţùһŵС룬ʼΰװϺ
տʼʱ½ΪҪԣûйע
ֱһϺʷΰǰ½֪¼Ʋߡ
ʾҲѧһϺʵݸΰס
ΰ㶣½ڰֵøҰԼ԰ɡ
Īͱܾˣ½Щܣһʱûס˳Ϊʲô
ΰ󺰣Ȼ˰
֮Ϻģ
Ȼϲ˵ֱףȻҶΡ
ΰ룬ɴ೶ƣаϺʦˡ



178 ҳ 
ԭţΰ׽½ϺʣᷳҲҪ˵
˭룬ΰ׸ûᣬһʱ;ܾ½
֮ЩСź
źԴΰûиֵĻᡣ
ΰ΢ԥһ£л˵ˡ
Ȼΰ׸ɴ̬ȣ½ĺ·ˣҲˡ
ûܷӵأԼͷϺȥˡ
յӣǵ½ʡ
ƾʲôΰ׾Ͷжӣ
Ǹа
½벻ףֱֲȥΰס
֮£½˿ǿƽ˷ҵżһЦ˵ðɡ
ΰװһ
ʵ½ûб̬֮ǰΪٴξܾԷա
½ôɴͷôû뵽ġ
û˸ΰ׾ͼͷԣż̧ͷкΪ˼˵½
Ǹˣΰ׵ĶԷ˵˱ÿк½е˷ŽȰ˵ԷϽԷ
ӦˡúúáϺĶȴûͣ
ûãһϺͱˡ
£òͣʵţ𣿲ٵһ
ΰڰϺǳԷæסԷ˵˹ˣԷɡ
æȥҪ˼ˡ
ΰ룬˵ϲԵĲ˷ŽԷ
ɻĿУΰЦЦˣԵ㡣
ԣȥͰ׶˵һ䣺࣬ȥǵúúһҡ
ڳֻΰײ˵
Ƚ⣬ڳ½
һͼǽǵˣûбҪ˼Էĸˡ
ò˵ɱǿһֱ½ࡣ
½仰ҧס˺
ΪһˣûгԹ⣬Ҳܡ
Ҫ˼½һ֪ʲô˼ˡ
һʱ䣬½ɫ԰˼ȡ
Ӧǻĸо
Ҫǹ˼ΰף϶Ҫ˵̼½ʡöԷܵΰס
ΪԼӮһմմϲʱ򣬶Ȼ͵ؾס
ڣΰ׺½
½Ķ档
ô˭Զ
ڳ¶ԼƵһ棬û֮ǰʹ
ΰ׼״ΪõȲͼӴȡ
ǺܴĲλ
־ᶨˣҲ̲סһƺߡ
ƺߣΰ˵ס
ΰΪƤ񣬹ʶԷʱѹˣܲҪﻹڣ
ԣĬĬһ䣬Ҫľ
Ҫ½ôܴﵽӦԷЧ
ȻЩȽ뷨ΰ֪
Ͼΰǰ
ⲻ֪˼ֱǡ˾֮ģ·˽֪
ΰײСôܻῴǹΪ֮
֮ûдΪҪǰչ˶ԷӰˡ
ھƵķͰһˡ
Ȼֻܳ½¶һǸЦݣֶݺݵһͼԷ
ĿѾɣΰеҪļ󣬾ͽϵı𣬱Ǹü˳۵ġϺʦ
ûϺԸˣӳ˷ڳŴµ̬
ӣΰҪŶԷô
ΰ׳°ͣһ
ȷӦòˣΰջߡ
Ƴ½߬ſȴûж˼ΰ׺һ䣺ٲԲ˾Ҫˡ
½عΰ鶯ǹŨ
ʱ˿̣½ҵǣϲǰͶԷ֮ȴһңԶ
ΰײ׽Ĩһıˣﲻϼֹػ½ôˣ
½ǳΰǳڹѣû˼
֪ɿƲԼȸԾġ
һ̣½Լûˡ
½ǧذת֮ʣɫҲűȥ
ΰע⵽ˣеɻֶ˼֡
ۿ½ûд˼ΰײԷǲش𣬾û׷ȥ
ΰתͷǡö֮̽ɫһ˵ˣϽԷ
ͷ˷
ƼͻȻôɣΰ׻е㲻ϰߡ
һߣһʣܿͰе齻ˡ
֪/δŮѾγһҵʵļΪ𾪡
ݶЩδŮ϶ķ˿ɺԮ;˾ѡġ
ԾٰΪڣЩ˿ǰ۶Լ
Էڼ䣬ԼɫһЩϲŮĴԼӸڰѡ
ÿŮѡˣͼԮĹԱף֮Ȱơ
Щҽϸ߲ȾƵŮƴǡ
ڶȰ˵£նȵԷݹľơ
輸ӣǾͻͷαɲʡ¡
ǵĿʱˡ
ҵѾںü꣬ܺ߿˵ǳɰٳǧ
˳Ŷṩ²飬ǣ˺ö๫ӸԼ
оҵĴӣĴø硪ҫ档
Ϊʮֶӣкܶڹעţйزܸ϶ܵӰ졣
ҹ˵飬ΪľǽЩӸ͸һ򾡡
ҫ汻ߵ飬ҵȫˡ
үӱಡ֪ҫɵĻ£һӾҽԺ
ϵٵĶˣ˲ҳһࡣ
ҳ߶û˹ע
үڰ
ҫ⵵ӻû֣үӽҪץˡ
ΰߣ˳Ա͸ظˡ
Ȼΰסķ䱾ͽţȻһؼˡ
ȥ·ϣΰûʹ΢Թϡ
ֹٷ˹ΰϵ㿪
ݣΰüͷöܼӬ
ע⵽ˣ̴չȥѯʣôһӣ
ΰױ¶ĵö֪ô˵ɴֱӰֻݸԼɡ
֪ôˣΰӣѾµ˲ʲô¡
΢ʱıҲúΰһ
˶һۣΰһᶨҪЩŮ
ԣͬȥɣʲôҶ㶵š
ֻΰ֮ȥϵ˴ı磬顣
ѾӣټⷬУ;˵һ϶æץˡ
ΰ׵ڶ𴲣һ¾Ǵ΢
ٷ¹棬ΰźЩ



179 ȥƬ 
ҫĹӸ磬Ͳ־ᶨˡ
ֻԾİ취ҫ͸ͲƵģͰ֪Ľˡ
֪ΰ漰/δŮҩԼƷҵʵļһӶûҵ飬ͽЩϢĵ档
ֳ̬һ飬רҩҵ
ı硪Īǡɾ鳤
Īӵ֪֮ͨ󣬵һʱǰȥƱΰĹؼ
·ϣĪ֮ǰע£ĳһ²⡣
ѵͲûб򵥣
ҪǨʱ
ΰܹܽӭһεǨ
뵽Īǳʲôԭ򣬵飬ҪԷԶٷúάϵһ¸С
ȻеĻرȻǲٵġ
¹ԼܷǨĪ·˼Ѫһ㣬һֱرǡ
µ˱ȾˣҲ˷
£ЧʱƽʱֱҪֹ
˵ļӳ֣ǱߵٶҲǳ졣
ϵ˲ڵ۶Ƕ̰Աɻǰڵأ˸ù鰸
һߣ䱾˯˯Ȼѡ
ǽֻɾģʽһͱֻѡ
տʼѡ
û뵽绰˺Ҫ
ӣǱ߾ƶش
ǰǰʮӣ䱻ͨ绰ܲˣŲ鲻Ըӱǰ̽ȥڴͷһ
õֻ֮󣬿ûĻһ۾ͽʵ˭
˵겻ȵ绰Ƕ˵˿ڣرͷ˵Σˡ
СͺأϰߵĸûкŮƽϣԹ˵£䣬լǱҳһˣȫĻ̻̣ȥˣ
䲻͸¶ںһַڱŷء
ĸ⻰Ǿ˼룬ǺɸֵүסҽԺȥÿ춼ȥ϶кܴĺôôʱܳȥأ
ĩˣĸƱ
ԣЦ裬ҪûȥܹҰСǰˣϷ磬ҿɲһס
ĸֻ߬ôͳ˵
ܵĸ͸绰ŭǵûһ㲨еЦǰĶҰǸϣûܹңҰڳ׶㲻̫˵𣿡
ĸ㡪
ˣϽϹȥɡ˵ֱӹҶϵ绰Է
ûĸְֻһߣ˯˻
ĸ绰ң˶סˡ
عϵʱ򣬲ŷԼŮˡ
ĸôû뵽ĺŮ飬ȻԷŭ̶ֳȡ
ͬһʱ䣬ΰѾȥƬڻױһ߻ױһ̨߱ʡ
ΰƤӺܺãױʦÿθױʡģ˵ǻʱٵԱ
ͣΰ߳ױ䣬Ͼ˺֡
ΰʶתͷȥֻ½Ц⳯
֪ܲ½ʲôòǺͶԷк簡
½ԣĨЦ˼֣ʦͶѾˣҲŸƬô˵ṋ̀𣿡
ΰסƬ̣عæҡͷϵû˼㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
⻰һ½ǵЦʢǺ㿪Цġ
½Цӯӯӣΰײ֪ôģоĶڡ
飬ΰײ²Էܴ̼ˣһʱ벻ײŻ֡
ΰ׾£ǲҪ˵ˣʡ˵ࡣ
Ȼûΰװ̨ڣ½˵һ䣺ʦô£֪𣿡
ΰ˼룬Ӧ½еĴ£ָ/δŮǼ£ͷ߷߲ƽȻ֪̫ˣЩģ˵ǹ蹷
ΰ׼ӣ½֪öˡ
Ȼΰ׻ǺǰһС
½ϲ֮࣬׳µĻΰף϶֪Щкܶ฻͹Ӹ硣
ĩˣֽϣлԼң˱ץˡ
½ͻȻ˵Լ£ΰզһӻе㷴Ӧ
һΰײүӺ
ΪǱ߶˹ϵûɻɶԷ
ΰס˼ЦЦ˵ǸԼǰ˰ǰˡ
ܵΰ׶һ㶼⣬½Щܡ
ΰ׾ô
½ԽԽܣϵЦݲס
ΰױͲ½죬ŶԷ˳˼˳еľ籾ȥ̨ˣȥһױʦͰɡ
£ΰ׾ͰѾ籾ҪϷݣʼ
ΪĻᱻ½ҵĽڣòֳһӡ
ΰױ̨ʱô棬½ô϶ԷֻܲʲԸתŻױȥ
ΰױר־̨ʣʵһֱͣ½ϡ
Ƴ½ˣΰװһ
ԼһСʱƬ߾Ϳʼһ㡣
ʱĻˡ
뵽ΰ׾ԶĵطϷ˵ϷܿȥƶԷܿĲ״
뷨ѸٴӴЬ߽ԡҡ
ϴˣǵƬǱ߲ȥ͸ͨĹԱϢ˵ԼȻҪȥ
õҪĻظŷֻ˼ضŻױƷ
ΰγͻԷ϶ϵ
ҪιȥΰϳˣָԼƻʲôӰ졣
ţΪ˱ΰ³ıôãɲܹһ
;αװһȥ
ûмٷֻܴñӺ;޴ĺڿ۾סԼϰ
ţִͳһ֣סԼ°
һ˵ΰˣƶᱻƭȥ
Լαװʮֳɹš
ȥƬڴ֮ǰϵѾڵˡ
ԼʵʵǸԱʱûϳס䡣
״ѵõû
Ͼϲζαװʮֳɹ
ЦЦԷϢ
֪ǰ˾λС㣬ԱԷǸԲûϳ
ãЦŻһ䣺ûϵҪľϲ
ԱƬѯʾ˵ԼıãϲһԱͰ˴
Ϊھﾭû˵ע⡣
ߵ֮󣬹Աⶣǵݲϲ˴Ϸעһ¡



180 ṷҪص۶ 
䲻ͷػӻ֣֪ˡ
ԱԣƳԥһΪԷСƢʲôû˵
䲻֪Ա뷨ҲûȤȥ˽һ޹ؽҪˡ
˵֮ҪƬĸ졣
ΰϷ죬пܻǧѷĴʱ
䲻ŹԱʱ֤ͨʼһ̽Ƭ
ʱ䵣ԼᱻĽȥһȽԶ·
仨˴ԼСʱǰƬߵĵȫסˡ
о۵òУƻҪȥϢʱǡһϷݽ㡣
ڸոǳϷ϶ϷݰȺԱȫ졣
Ļױʦֻ࣬
Ҫǣһױʦû
ױʦæ
ټҪһЩλҪܸױʦæ޼
һǰʱ֤ͨ䣬Ȼͱˡ
ڷȥ·ͱһԱסߣױʦǱҪæˡ
·ͻȻӦ
عʱ򣬸첲ѾԱקסǰȥ
ɴ۾ûüƿڴ˾ͱԷǰһơ
һ룬ǸԱͶԻױʦ㣬Ǿʱʹպðɡ
ױʦͷɨǰʵʵˣɫҰԱױʱͰҰѹߵݹ
Сֻбźķݶû˸ź
൱ˬ㵱ûתˡ
ҪߣϹױΰס
䵣ĻᱻԷϳüæͷ
ĩˣŷӦ趼ϲ˵ΰֻм֮Եˡ
뵽񾭷һ
ûǹĻŵĸоͰͷ̧
ױʦ״üͷ˵һ䣺ɻģ㷢յġ
˵겻俪ڣױʦһˬʻ벻Ҫˣ
ԣһЦǾ鷢ǵ㹤ʣҵĳǮ
£䲻Ȼױʦڣҡˡ
ȻΪ˲ΰϣѡһ·
ΪĻᱻΰע⵽·ν൱Ѹ١
ǽӣ֪ĻΪй׷
Ȼ䵣ĵ黹Ƿˡ
ΰ׺ͻױʦʱ仹û߳Ƭ
ǵŲֻʧӰΰܸоԼļˡ
ױʦע⵽ˣͺΰ²۶ԷʦڵСǲˣæҪҰɫ
ΰ׾Щ֣ĹԱ𣿡
ױʦҡҡͷ֪Сģ˵ʱ
ΰ˵ݡ
ֱλʱʶˡ
Χʵ̫ˣΰ׸ȷ˶Է˭ֻʱѹȥ
ױΰͶ뵽ŵ㵱С
ʱͬһ㣬ھƵ괦
֪۶Ǳн¼Ҫȥִֵʱﲻ
Ҫ֪½涼ǽţ˵ˡ
е㺦£ص۶ϵ飬ٻʱ˵׼ͷϾҪˡ
˵ģһǧһȥ
Ҫ黹ûл֮أ͸ᰴ˸绰ȥ
Ѹٽʵܣʲô£
ɤӣε±Ҫһȥ𣿡
˵û᰿ڵĻᣬ˵һ䣺ҿϴ
᰽գ۵Ĺ򣬾֪ԼϰΪʲôԸ
ԭ޷ϰǱֲ˼¡
޲ÿ춼סڹ˾ٶԱڸ̰̲࣬ס̾˿
ǰΪ̫Ŭڵ¼Ʋ
ÿ̫ˣ
²˼䣬ʹĻ룬ǵģҪ
ĩˣⲹһ䣺ŷ޴ָҪϯ顣
ԣֻҽȥ
һܺΰ׳Զߡ
ȻС̴ú죬ȴʵء
˵һ룬ͱ᰺ܾˣ֮ǰִ﹫˾
⻰䲻ˬʵΪʲô
һص̣ΪҪŷ޴磬һǽӷϴԷչʾǵĻӭ֮⡣
ΪŵܲãȻҪϯⳡ硣
Ȼɸ߲쵼ȥ
εĺڼ˵νŽ塣
˳ŷǱߵҵ񣬾ͿԵõһչ
ҽǻȽϺá
ֻһо
үںԡ
ȻԵˡ
¹شǱûص۶һˡ
˾ȥƬ
ȻСڳԳӦⲻ
˵ҲɣִƬʱϾչ
ΰ׸жױͼСҹ˹
Сҵ˽⣬Է϶лҪ˵
ͬΰϣС߹֮󣬾ʦ㣬˵м¡
ΰ˼룬ɻʵûк˵ʲô£
СһλԵûС
ΰüͷôأҵҪʲô¡
£ΰƬȥ
Լӣΰߵ˳ڴ
ΰɨһۣĿ
ĻᱻĵƬͶС˵Ȼȥ»ؾƵ˵
Сԣָΰ׵ıķЦЦͽȥˡ
ΰЩΣûͦܵ
СңϽȥɡ
ΰ׵ͷֱԼıķ
Լڶߵǰ׼ʱ򣬳ž͸װ豸Ƶĵˡ
ΰ±ĵƽٶ˳
ţѸײڶ֮ƹϳš
ȫ̲ӵʱ䣬Сզࡣ
üʵţôȲ
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼ˵м£ҪвУ
ͷĵ̫ˡ
ΰ׼״һĸ첲ߴٵм𣿸Ͻ˵
̾˿ЩΣ۶ǱҪһȥϾ͵ˡ
ΰ⻰һ£ȻЦˣ徻ˡ
ΰûаֲᣬﲻЩܣҪȥһʱ䣬㶼û᲻𣿡
ΰʶصȻûС
ʵϣеġ
֪ʡöԷƮˡ
Ϊΰ׵ľ鷢ԣĵö˵ˡ
һʱ䣬վͱýӲ
ΰĴƽ֣Ǹӣֲ֪˵ʲôʲôûС



181  
˼ӣΰʵܲգڴƽ֣緹𣿡
֪ΰ׵ݹ̨ף˳ƿ˿ڣûС
˵겻ΰ׿ڣ˵һ䣺һԸ緹ߡ
ΰԣﲻЩθС
˳ȴԷһˮ
ʶ֪ж⡣
ΰԽԽΣ˲٣ʲô㡣
⻰һĨȡ
ܿͽ糣˵һ䣺Ѿ˶緹ˡ
ĿԣֵٹӣǾͻ͹
ΰסƬ̣¶ʧ䣬ȻǾ͵´ιԷˡ
ΰ׵仯ԼĻҪࡣ
ΰͻȻʧ䣬Ȼע⵽˵ġ
벻ףԷôðġ
˵ʧ˸Ŷԡ
ΰײǰͲϽ
뵽ǹĸоӿˡ
̾˿ﰵСûĵġ
ΰ̾ʶ̧۾ʵôˣ
²ΰףڶΰ״ŹеͻȻݺһ¡
һ̣ˡ
ΰ׶Ҫ˵ʲôֻҪһͷͿԸ˺óʱ䡣
֮ⱲӾΰˡ
ΰ׷Լ꣬ȫûд˼湫Ȼڲˬ֮Щ棬Էʲô
Ƿֵļ£ÿìܵʱ򣬶
ҪȻòһ£ˣ
ΰתһ룬ϵδʣ׶Էô¡
£ΰײЩᡣ
ʱƣԭȵľңΰ׿νһͷ
ʱõ
ΰʶתͷȥ
ֻƷԱżʳվ档
ΰţֻȻһ¡
ͳֻһСҷϢ
ʦ𣿡
ΰ׹Сʲô˼֮ڵһ±ͨ죬ŶȾЩɫ
һĻЩΰôˡ
ΰ׵˽⣬ԷķӦֻĳйء
˼·Ʋ⣬ΰյϢǺйأ
뵽üͷ
˭ΰ׷Щ
׼ѯ֮ʣͼΰȴ֡
ôʱ䣬ʲôģ
СɨһϢЦ
ΰڳԷڵı顣
ǴӶԷĻظͿƶϳΰ׿϶ըëˡ
սԿСǿסЦݡ
ȷԼͻȻЦСŽ
С̧۾˶һۣԼԱ˵ǰʳһݸҾͺá
ԱӦˡǡԽʳеݸСҡ
СҽЩʳзڱķԴϣ̶¶һƤЦݣʦܣŶ
ΪղϢΰױС
СҶ¶Цݣ߳ܵýֺͷַܹٳһǱ
ΰҧҧһԲ˳š
顪һù·˷׷ͶĿ⡣
СУͰǴˡ
ڣΰ˼ĵľȸǿɢЩ
ΰ̧۾Ŭź״̬ı飬Сʱе֣
˵Сҵĵ٩ǵǸһС
ҪǵΰܲסСҶ˵䡣
ΰѾεͨ죬һȽϺá
뷨ףСõŴѧҵһꡣ
ΰ˳ơЦ˼Ŷ
Сⷬձɲ٣˿ǰĳء
۶үӽһȥҩƷҵϢ
ô飬Ȼ֪ҫηҹϵǳ˵ġ
˹ϵ˵һϳٲе̫ء
ԼСʱ˾ʹϢˡ
֪鳤ĪүӺȻԼҴоˡ
֪Īı硣
ǺҹϵǳöԷæǶƤӾˡ
ΪϵøүӾϰŸŮ޽ҡ
ү룬ڼʻŮ
һһ䡣
ѵԸׯȴЩȤ
˵ĽǶȳǲ̫ϲŮ˵ġ
䣬һһĺã˵ǷòΪ
ټټӻãΪֱȽϺƿأٺʲѡ
үӾãֻҪԸҪĸүС
ȻүϲҲԸС
ЩүӶж۰ҶĿõġ
Ȼү̴ž죬ȴ©һǳҪϢ
ǾѾܵүˡ
үųԲ޽ҡ
ϧǣүһ˼ξȳҫϣû˼ָ顣
үӺȥϣǼ˭Ը顣
жţү˳ģֲʱöԷˮֻӲͷƤصõġ
үע⵽ˣʣʲô⣿
æû⡣
ΪòǰլѰүӡ
ܼҵ֪ģŶûһСǻ
˵ˣλүܴ󣬸㲻Ҫ̵ġ
ʱҵõô죿
үӵ֪Ϣ֮󣬷·һűӵˮ͸ͬʱۡ
عүǼеȥ
Ѿͷˣܲš
ֻҪɿڣҫ¾ͳɹһˡ
ĪôǰֻǸС
ϵķԸٲԸҲ
ԣ˺һջСࣺүӣСѾǱַˡ
үһ˼ʵʲô˼
Ҳ֪Σֻ֪үŻˣԲС޽ҡ
⻰һүǰһ˹ȥ
үһΣҽԺҳһࡣ
֮£ΰ߾Ҫ¾ࡣ
Թ緹һؾƵ˯˸Ǻ͵Сʱļ٣ȥɻ
֪Ϣʱ򣬾úһŻعţ粻ǻϷҪ𣿡
ΰ׻˻ֻҺ͵ˡ
Ҹ̫ͻȻһġ
ֱ첲һ£գգ۾Ҫȥ
ΰ׷˸ۣѾ˲ˣ硣
ĩˣΰ׹˵һ䣺Ҫһ飬ҾͲȥˡ
꣬ѵߵĻȥ



182 ᲻Ҫ 
ţѵΰǲҪȽϺãʡöԷһˣûˡ
뷨ǰһ·ϣüҪ˵סˡ
ΰƳԵֹػ˺üΣûпڵ˼Էûš
Ȼûʶΰײ־⡣
ôеˣȻʮʮĺˡ
ΰ׸˼䣬ɴ࿪ѯʣֹı飬ǲҪ˵
ΰΪˣ͸˳˵
û뵽Ȼһ䣺ûʲô
ΰ棬˵ľʲô顣
ϧǣΰ׽ôŬһֱ޶Եӡ
ΰײһɡ
ѻ˵ˣûд˼
ǲζţѾûˣ
ж϶Ҫֱԩ
ֻ֪ǵ˵ˡ
֮䲻ͬѰķΧܿ˾ע⡣
͸ɨ˼ΰ׺ı飬˾о
Եɴܷꡣ
ǲҪͽȥȽϺá
뷨˾æмĵ塣
΢еִ
ΰѲǸûȶȵʮСԱ֮ǰ˰źVIPͨ
ˣΰɵԼᱻϳ
Ϊ˱ΰ³֮ǰװһ
γ˳õñӿףһԵסĺڿ۾
ΰȫ֮ͳӼɹ
֪һһ
⸱ӣ˵Ƿ˿·ˣƾĹԱϲ
֮εװǳɹ
ΰصͷȻ¾˵߰ɡ
ԣһĨۣ᲻رƣ
⻰ΰ˼룬Щڣе㣬̫ˣҲǴޣûô
ͺۣΰôһ˵ۡ
ҪǼǵΰ˵Ϸ룬Ǿ䡰㡱Ҫѿڶ
ΰ׷Լ˵꣬е۶ÿҪˣж֮־ЩЦ
Ϊٹע£ΰ׻һתʵʲôʱǻ
ͳֻ㿪᰷ϢɨһۻصһСʱʮҡ
ΰĦ°˵ôð
ţΰȥʱҺ
ܾˣãҲ
ʵϣ˯òôãеġ
Ըôʱ˷˯ϣΰ׶˵仰
ΰԣΪǲ˼һ飺Ĳȥ
ֵȥĻ졣
ΰû̬ǹ۲һ
ȷû˵ѵĺۼüۼԵƣ̬ŴеĻɡ
ΰŲߣ˿
Һ̽˼ݼټڲرųɹӹΰ׷ۡ
ΰ׷˵ѣԷ϶Ҫˡ
֮ʣΰ׷ʣʲô
⻰һʵסˡ
ΰ첻٣ûҪͶԷʲô
ΰ׵˵ȣĬ֮УֵǷ£
סƬ̣׹ΰ׿ָʲô£״á
½˵Ļΰ׾Ϊ㣬˵иӸҵˡ
ĩˣΰװǸйԼң
⻰ŵ亹ҪˣûлԼ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬͣЩүӵЦҿɴûгϹνĻԼ
˿ûƽﵭӣΰײһЦҾһ˵𼱰
һ̬УҪҲ˵ԩô죿
ϵ¾ͲʣĪйԼĹӲԸҪˡ
ȵȣǲҷˣ°һ߿
ΰ꣬оͻȻһڹͷϣ˶Ҫɵˡ
عͼÿĺֻдˡ
ѹʶ㿪˶ԷֱĿ⡣
ȻϾˣô㶼Ҫ
ΰһһûлԼ۵ùǺɴʵ磬㵽
ڳίıʵȻشǻǡ
ͻȻʣΰе㷴Ӧ˼Żһ䣺Ȼǡ
⣬ԥˡ
ΰһ˼飬ûԥֻͻȻôʣҷӦ
̾˿ҵĽ𣿡
Ƽȫǡ࣬űࡿı飬ΰײΪһϲĹ
˭ܸʱϾ֮྿ʲô
ôоԷݱȫߵˡ
ΰ˿ͼ㲻Ҫȡֺòã
⻰һԭЩͳ˳θ˼֣ȡ֣
ԭֻװģΰһ˵ͽŭȼˡ
ʱ侭֣üͷԽԽ
󣬷·ԼһֻӬ
˿ɻûסǻԹüͷߵΰף㻹ûģ
ΰɵˣβŻعʵôûˣ
ûڣΰĹĵ˵Ҫص۶Һ㣬Ҫ˵ûģһȥˡ
ΰ˵Ҫߣﻹ죺Ǻĵ¿ηΡ
ʲôûˣֻϽλס
ΰתһ̣æקסԷĸ첲
ΰ׵ʱȴԷһۣקҸ
Ҫ⣬ֱΰһ㲻˵û
ΰһٶõĻɢˡ
챿ˣÿκΰִǱԷŪƿԡ
ΰʱǻ֪ô˵
ڣΰ׿òᡣ
˵࣬ҪҪ˵ľ״̬
ΰ˵֮󣬷СƵģһ˵ֲ˵ӣ̲ס˸ۣ㲻Ҫú۸òã
˵ΰײЩί
ĺ˻Ҫ˵ûģǹҧʶġ
ΰԽԽίݺ˦һ¸첲ͼ˦ǯơ
ϧԸſǾ˦ġ
ΰ֮£ֻѹŻ¾͸Ͻ˵һҪȥϷ
˿Ž˵òãǺ᲻Ҫҡ
ΰ꣬һ
֪ɲֻûʧˡ
ȻǺ»ᱻ
ΰɵˣþûز
ΰ״ӣԷ
ΰգգ۾㡭
ˡΰ򴽣ĵʹ¸ԷǸˣԲҲǹûаȫеģֻȷʵûø¡



183 Ϸ 
ΰ׻ѡòζû뵽ġ
Ѿˣ΢ƽһЩͬһΰס
˭룬ļƻûüʵʩͱΰ״ˡ
Ҹ̫ͻȻЩһǲʵڵġ
ֱ첲һ£γѰգգ۾
ˣھȣ㲻ҵǸ
˵겻ΰ׿ڣֵ˵һ䣺̫⣬˲õĻ䡣йǣ⡣
ΰԭ;ԼЩ֡
̬ŵôͣΰθֶ˼֡
ⲻ֪ҪЧ
׽ΰһ̣Ҫ˻ӶԷθС
һΰ׸ϵ̡
ʵ֤жΰ˵á
֪ļԲȶ/ûپ鲻š
ΰ׵˽⣬ȿǻʵ䷴ġ
֥͡鶪ϡȫûв
£תƻҺȻЩˣһ𲹸
Ϊΰ״Ӧ˵𷴻Ȼ㲻Ըˡ
ΰεʱͺԥӦˣԸ⣬ô᲻Ը⡣
ΪԱ׼Ϣҡ
ԱϢҺú;Ƶ׷޲
ΰ߽䣬Ŀⴥǳ׿Ĵ󴲣֪ôǰڴϵֻ档
һ룬ΰͨޱȣ·һ͸ƻ
ע⵽ˣЩʵôͻȻô죬岻𣿡
ͬʱȥһΰ׵Ķͷ
ΰ׵´Χﲻɻ
ΰûзգôӣ
ȫûⷽȥ롣
ԭڣʼնû˵Ļ
˼֮ʣΰڿˣûʲôǾеȡ
ΰ˵ǣ˵һ㶼š
ÿ䶼ǿ˿յģ˵Ϣ
¶ȣ˯ҪǲǱӹƻð
ûв׾ӵĻԡ
һΰײ˵˴ţûҪŲš
û׷ʣΰװ˿
ȥԼʱһżͰʵ˵ˡ
Ҫ֪;ò
һ֪뷨϶ѹһ֮Ľ
ΰ׹ǸͿʼˡ
˯£ΰɵϣ۾׼˯
ΰ׵һٳûЩ֡
ڸﰡĥĥġ
ںĵʹ£ΰ۾
һ䲻ŴƵӳ
ò˵൱ÿһ鼡·ԴʶԼʵλá
ļǵΰ׸ŲĿ⡣
ֱΰŻع
ΰ׵ɲдЩãȻ·һ뵵ˮĵеɵɵġ
״ǷһЦɵˣ
ΰЦڱó
Ŀⴥ¶ڿе壬ΰ׼æס۾󺰣¶񣡡
Īˡ¶񡱵ţǺǺЦ
ҪǲʲôֱԲΰҰš
ΰס۾Ͽ֮߹ȥ
ΰǰһƬڣֻܴӽŲб
һ˿ҵӣΰϵ¶ˡ
ΰɣȥȥ弦ˡ
Ϊ˸Ͻֹ棬ΰ׾һ
Ȼΰ׵ľ滹ûгڣ͸оһϢڶϡ
ΰ׵ĶһУ̲ס˼¡
״ٴηЦţĺС
ΰ׵æסԼĶȵҾˣ
ЦֲЦֻսԿֻ˵Ѿˡ
ΰԣŰʵģ
׵ġ
Ϊƭˣΰԥ˺һ¶ġ
˭룬һ۾ͼƯؼǰȥ
ΰ׾úһͣյɫֱ졣
֪ĻΪ˺ܶء
Ƭ̣ΰ׻عְ۾סҧг˵һ䣺ˣ㲻˵𣿣
ɣдʵȷʵ˰
ΰĹĵϷأ
еŭҪŷˣѾϿӣΰ۾ŭӶԷ
Ҫ˭뵽Ǹ̽绽ˣ˽¾ȻôûƤû
ΰ׻ǰȻӴͦá
ҪǲҪˣ
ΰϵ̫֮ԣ벻עⶼѡ
ۿȥ͹ˣЩźػָ״̬µ˵ˡ
ĩˣƹβߵһߣ·ɵϡ
ΰæԱŲŲ
֮ľ룬÷·ܿˡ
ˬһ콫ڶԷ֮ǰ˵ҪҶȻԸ
ΰ˼룬׹еġԸָʲô飬˲˵ֱήˡ
ͷΰ׹ԹԵشԼصͷ
ţ˼ΰ׵ıںСһ˯ɡ
ΰ׺һ۾
ܿ죬˾һ硣
һߣүûϣͰעתƵĪҡ
Īͥεİӡ
ָǱ߾ȹֱӺĪҴϹϵ
үţĪͥѾˡ
ôʱ䣬ʸп϶Ѿȥ
ʱ򣬾ͺҪһ¼顣
ǸѾͷָϣܹȥͨϵֻһ
үĿҾʹ˵̨ĪͥϲŮͣǡɶӦϡ
뵽үӾѾɹ롣
үԽԽ˰
֪үҪ⼸췢Ʋ⣬Է˳Ϊҫ档
⣬үӹˡ
뵱׸ġ⡱øĸүӵסԼ͵͵Ӻߡ
Ŀĵءլ
ŴӦΪһŻ¡
ȥլƾǰССݣûӶΪѣҳɹơ
һ棬קƵĸ첲ߣţһҪң
üۼǾŵЩ⣬ôˣ
ø緸±үүҹϵȳʹҵ⡣
үЩH£жš
ѹƽֳ񶼻ˡ
ЦŰģһ㡣
䱣֤ڵԷЩ
ǰϣȫϵˡ
Ͼɽɽᵹ˻ܡ
֮ҪϽҵ䣬ƭС
䳤ñÿֻҪصҴţүүͲע⡣



184 
լסˡ
м˵ټ񲢲֣үӾһֻ۱һֻۣû˰ϳȥ
ңүӵ֪˵ϢѪѹǡ
ڴ֮ǰһֱΪŮǸؼˣٺƿزˡ
û뵽˰ʮȻп۵һ졣
ӣǽƻޱȵĺꡣ
뵽ܿ࣬ʱԽԽүӾͷԸܼңȥ飬۶ôҾͲҲ
ܼӦǡת߳үӵҡ
֮ȫȻûƽĵβʲôȻûɨɾ
үӵ΢һ飬ͷټ
ܼյϢȥүӻ㱨Сȥլסˡ
ү˼룬һΪԼ˻Сסˣ
ܼҲ֪үΪ˾ȣǵ˵ͷǵġ
ȷϲԼ˻үסƬ̣бŷĹ⣬֪ʲôСԻɣˣ
Сˣƽﲻ죬ؼʱȻôľϲ
Ҫȥң
үӼӣܼҶƶԷˮ
ʼգû˵Сסңζҫүоˡ
˵ĽǶƲ⣬СȥѰӻ
ܼ̾˿Խ˾
ʱһݻĳʹլʻ
үŴоˣȫ̶쳣ܵ״̬
ܼүȥҲܾܲסҪȥҽԺɼ죬ίȰɶԷǱδ̬ǲҪ̫ڴȽϺá
үԣϵϲɫʱһܿгСڣҿ϶ģ죬˵Щɥ
ܼҲ֪үģ֪ԷȰûټȰ˵
լլԶ
ԼСʱһɫԺӳǰ
Ѿձɽ֮󣬵ձүӵݰӶ˲ʼնǺԵƬ̡
ү֪ˣЦлصõġ
ʱүڻ԰ɢ
˵үˣ˶һۣȿʵ˵ʲô𣿡
Ӷ˴ֻ˵Ҫ̣ǸϽȥ
⼸۶£үƲʮа˾Ϊ˼Ǹӡ
ĩˣүתͷֱֱƵ۾һɫΪ£㶼Ҫɿڡ
Ʋ֪ǳʶһ䣺Ϊʲô
үӽͣ£óȻֻǻ
ҪһˣǸ͵ĿҩƷԼ/Ʒҵ
Ⱥ鼤ܣÿǻµġ
ټɱӺǸٶҪи
ϲģҲûܡ
Ƴʶԣһҵ뷨
Ȼûаæ˼Ǳ湦ǵ
үӶˣôҲóȥдһ¿˲С
˫һ棬үӺѵĹʡˣͿżɽϣܲܡ
˵ҫǼ£ͲҪ˵ˡүֱӽض϶ԷĻ
Ϊʲôүһ޷⣬˵Ƕ𣿡
죿̫ƵˡүЦˡ
үӼ״㽫ĿͶһԳ䵱ⱳƣҺôңҲҾ̨ɡ
үſھĵ°ܣ˿ţ뿪ҵʱǾͺûϵˣ޼Ҳ˾ҡ
үЦ̲סڳǸ仧޼ң
ԣɫʱ޼仧ȫ¶ط
ĩˣⲹһȷʵ˲𣬳˸鷸ơĴ
ò˵仰׼ȷүӵġ
үһ֮£ֱӺˡ
ͲϸˣټһľųǣҲһԸҶȹѹصˡ
ʵ֤۶ûԸæˡ
үӾǵС£ȴԼӷж
һ£үӶΪҫĴ
үӿνүү̣ûܰҫȳ
үһ˼ӪȴϣԶǧ֮ˡ
ʱҳ£ﲻû˿ңһһ쳣ĿС
ĬĬҾʹ˵̨á
һͲʱ̵Լᱻүץȥˡ
ҴĺôҳߵʱĴߵһǮѾ㹻һǡ
ΰףԶ߸߷ɣȥԼ
תۼ䣬ڴѾõĻϷˡ
ΰ׶Լ˶ϵһ֪ΪⳡϷء
ΪⳡϷֻʣֻöƤӵϷˡ
죬ΰͬһ㣬;ȥƬһһ̨߱ʡ
ҪĵⳡϷھݵĻѣ֮һưܵ¥Ҫ
Ȼ˶ڽ˵ãͳ𺣰ѻˡ
֪ǽԽĽֶ֮˼֡
ⲻ֪һнʼն֪ġ
ΰױ̨ʣĽùǺ̲סһ䣺С
ʱݽԱǡ·
С𲻽ЩЦʦδ̫ʵˡ
Լ˾Ӱ죬ΰڿе㷳ǻûгߣסҪ˵ĳ嶯ֻغһ
״ǺǺЦ̲סΪԼ磺ҿɲС
ΰ׹˹ӣݵĽǡ
Цˣŵݺһ䣺˵ⱻϳ㲻㹤˰
⻰Ԫ¶ʲô
֣ʦУܵóһ°ɡ
ĩˣһίҶʮˣֱڶĸ̥״̬ĪУҲ壬һ˵ˣԺҲŶǸ𣿡
⻰˶Ц
ھеΰ׶չ¶Цա
ΰ׻عԼ˼ȷʵĪͶ¶һǸʮЦ
֮ǰԪҵΰ׺£˺ȻǳϷһ꾵ͷͿԳ׼˸豸㲻Ҫ¡
Ԫ룬ȷʵģЧҲԺںϳɡ
ΰ׺ԥѡǰߣıȺϳЧãòŶһ١
Ԫԣΰ׵ļοЦˡ
ܿ죬ʽ㿪ʼ
˱ҩסǶˣΰ׼װΣ͸оЩԾ
ǿ鲼ķ˿ιȥĻѧҩƷƼ



185  
ΰʶʱѾˡ
ĺûڣʶ͵һƬڰУֱʧȥʶ
ԪڼǰΰȻ޷ݵݼ̲סһпСݼǾˣļֱûв𡣡
ԵƬԣ쳣ͬص˵ͷǰη
˵꣬໥һ
ΰǱû⣬²ԼͶԷٴκ
㻹ڼݲ÷ĵ̫֣ܿס˼ż
Լΰ׵ݼ̫𺳣Աȫ˾ûһ̨ʻ߽ӲסϷġ
ܿ죬ƽ˷Ż¥ǲ֡
Ԫ֮ǰ⺰鳤ѯʣʲôĶ׼𣿡
鳤ǮĻص׼ˡ
ΪѾܶΣԪҶں鳤ܷģûȥһ顣
鳤״һ
ҺԪû˲飬¾Ҫ¶ˡ
ԪҸΣ˵ûаο϶Ǽٵġ
һ뵽λСǮǵκܿʧˡ
ҪûģҪ־͹Ǯ̫ˡ
֪ԼẦΰףŵһӹ׬Ǯ
˵仹ŵͼһͳȥõı׷Ρ
Ե˲Ϊ
鳤Լѡûκ⡣
Ҫ˵˭ˣ϶ΰס
˭ãλĺĴС㡣
֮ʣԪһ£ԱͰľ¥һȦ͡
ӹȥһ̣Щ;һȼ
ʱڰй۲״ֳһĨЦ⡣
ǰΰÿν֣Էӹһ١
û߱ݻҪΰô
ˣܹѻΰһС
ΰȱǱסˡ
һԱݣҵܼȥ
뵽ǵЦ˼֡
ԪҪľͷԽ֪ͨΰףСΣˡ
ţԪַԸԱϽѻˣŹ˵ġ
֪ô£һֱܸоҪˡ
ʵ֤ԪҵԤ൱׼ȷ
ɻΪʲôղΰ׻Ӧʱ򣬺ԱӶ˵ĸɷûˣ
Ԫԣͫһ
ƳյԽԽԪҼæָȥȻ
Ȼǰ׼Щĸɷ۶ûˣӵԶ
˨˵ˣҲš
ȻֻˮͰһͰһͰˮӻùȥ
˶һؼ㡣
͵Ļˮʮѣṩˮ൱ޡ
ǾԪңﶼ˼ֻҡ
Ԫһţ˾͸˵ˡ
һʱ䣬Ƭҳһࡣ
״س˻֮Ƭ
ں鳤ԪһعҪˣҲˡ
ͬһ㣬Ԫ侲ĵһ£ץ˸Աʵ鳤ȥˣͱô¨ӻϽ
Աһ±ƣҲ֪鳤ȥˣʡ
Ԫ˿ˣȻˣ
˵֮ԪҸɴߣӣʹһͰȥװˮȻ
صƵ꣬Ǵ㰴ԭƻʰġ
תһ룬Ҫ׶ΰȥϢܷ뿪ط
䣬ת߽ԡң׼˸ˮ衣
ʱƬ׼ΰһϲ
ʱ乫˾鲻٣Ϊ˹ͨŰѺ鰲׵
Ϊ˾źùϵ£ʹ˽˷ɻߡ
ǰǰҲڷɻ˯˼Сʱ
˷ɻΪ̫ȫޡ
һŸϽΰף״̬ܵȫͨӡ
⣬ȴ˵Ͼǻ֮ɫ
ֱˡ
վƬΧɨһȦûҵΰףﲻֽš
ΪŪǸʲôһԱʵô£
ƬΣԱ죬͸ͲƵģһȫ˵ˣʦϷиŻ¥ŶΡԭļƻǴǼӵľͷҪѻ˵ġ
ƫƫڹؼʱ̵ӣ׼Щȫûиɷ۵ġ
ڻˣʦ¥ϻû
Ǳ߹ƻһֱܵǵùˡ
ϣʦû¡
ЩԶ˵ЩԹѸٲ׽˹ؼۣ˵ΰ׻ڻ棿
̫ˣԱ˼ګګǣǰ
֪Ϣȥ˵ݣûޱ
ϳ˵ﲻԪҰѡҡʻض֪ʵܣҪޱʲô
ޱȻ֣ˣ
ԪԣȰѾ˻𾯣ӵ˹Ʋöþ͵ˣǾһȰɡ
ۿŻԽԽͣ·һ϶¥һӶȲˡ
ԪȰ˵ɼҪޱ
ԪסֵﲻԷֻһޱ
ˮޱʪϺԥ𺣡
ʱڴϻԲѵΰףһŨ̵İΧ֮£Ǻÿ
ټǿϷŵĻѧҩ࣬ΰ׽Ҳļ
ʶԼݻ֮Уΰ׳Ҫȥ
ϧǣҩЧû
ΰױ˵Լ߳ȥѡ
Ծΰֻܼϣ˸һ㣬ǰװһ⡣
ȴԮʱ䣬ΰһֱһ顣
汻ⳡˣһҪô죿
˵˽⣬ҪˣԷҵĿ΢΢
뵽ΰ׺ȻЩڡ
֪нһ⣬Ӧúϵġ
̣յʹʲô
ˣȴѾˡ
ΰ룬ᱻο϶˲߻ģҶԷӦûк֡
Ҫ˼·û˳Ҫˡ
ΰΪԼ군˵ʱһŲԶ˹
ƳĻյôΰ׾ÿ϶ҩЧûʼˡ
û뵽ܿʹһϤΰףģ
ϳΰ˲ˡ
߻Ӧʵ̫Сˣӽд˶١
Ƴиƿΰҧ촽þȫŰƵڵء
һ룬ˡһ
ѭԴ˹ȥ
̤䣬Ŀⴥڴϵΰףæȥʵΰף㻹𣿡
ΰ˿ڲ˵ʱ򣬵֮ǸϽ뿪
ΰѣŷѾƿ˵൱Σˡ
ΰףٶ¥
ǻһ



186 ˫˫ҽԺ 
ǰΪӰЧѡһưܵľ¥
ûŻ֮ǰľ¥žЩ᧿Σ
һ¥ЩԼͷġ
µĺۼۿɼ
ⳡһգЩӼӶŲȥͽӶ
һû֧ĺȻŶˡ
ΰܵһ¥ʱѾ˺ü
͸˵ˣѾϵ߰˰ˡ
ſǿطҪأÿһͻ㶫
ܣоٲΰ׳ȥƶý
Ȼſޱȡ
ټڻˣޱϵˮһ㱻µЧǰ
ľͷȼհһ꣬Ǻ̲ס˼Ӻͺȫġ
֮⣬۾ҲЩѬͨ죬ܿƵˮ߱ģ
֪ڻһͻһΣա
£ֻܱΰͷǰ塣
ϧûԵǡ
𺣵ʱ򣬴Ǹһ£һ
⣬һΰӳȥֺ¶Էˡ
ǧһ֮ʣϸ룬ȫƾ廤סΰס
Դϡ
ʲôûü˵ֱ˹ȥ
һ룬˽Աѹ˺֮¡
ΰ׵ɴ۾һ
ʱӵ˸պø˹
Ŀ˾յһĻǼæȥˡ
רҵԱƺܿõơ
ԱȻȥҽԺ
Ƭ˵ΰڻôʱ£ͬŹԱȥҽԺ塣
ھֳĶ̫󣬶Ĺ벻עⶼѡ
ûã˼֣͵΢ѡ
ΰ׾ʲôʣÿһ鶼Ҫ¡
ţʵù˧磬ϽҸʱȥݰݣȥȥϵĻɡ
ûϢͨĽ÷һ¶ӵҲ֪ôˡ
иھ飬˵ΰû£һоˡ
ⶼ㰮
˵䲻ʱ˵ģCPˡ
ǸھĽãѾ˵Ĵǲᡭ
һ֣˺ܶ˵ļ䡣
ΰ׺λĴУǴüŵġ
ÿζ˶Էֻѣƣû뷨
ܻȥĳ̶ȣܶŮʼ͵͵CP
ǰ󲻹һСʱüվӺͳˡ
Ϊʲô͵ྣȻ´׷
ʱŮλҽԺ顣
ΰǰûѧҩˣڻһʱ䣬˲ٵȥʺͷζһˡ
Ǳ˵Ҫࡣ
µĺԴֱӱҳ𵴲˵ˡ
ޱһڵ뻺ãŲ̫⡣
ʲôʱܹǸδ֪
ҽҶ϶᲻ȥ
ΪǸλʵ̫ؼˡ
ΰ飬ȥҽѯ
û´ǰͻȻһƬֱ㶵شϡ
СҼ״æסΰȰʦҪʲô˵Ҹá
ΰ׻˻뿴ôˡ
СԣľС
ΰǸˣԲѵ߶Էָʲô¡
ΰ׵˽⣬ΰ׿ɲȰˡ
ʱΰִȥʮа˾סԷġ
ȻҪǲΰףԷ϶ưոݡ
뵽С̲ס̾˿
ΰ̾·һֻ߬סϼɬ⣬𣿡
ܲ˳𺣣ڽҪͷԼסθѹΰͷϣһȴ
ΰ˿ظһղŵ⡣
ΰֱע£Смܲסˣʲôҽ˵Ҫ˶ʮСʱ֮жϡ
⻰ΰ׺һͣҲ˵ûѹ
С㵣ô֪
˵һһ룬Ȱΰ׺Ūȥ㣬ʡöԷ²š
û뵽ΰ׾Ȼ
ڵƶϳʵ
С֮ʣΰٴ
ԼϵԵʣΰӲվˡ
ǵڵ״ΰײòСңһ¡
СһعüͷȰܿ϶ϣʱȥ
ΰ׼ֵûۼ֮ǰǲġ
ĩˣΰ˵һ䣺ҪԸңҾԼȥ
Сûа취ֻܹȥΰߡ
ĲڲԶ
ˣΰ·۵úˡ
ĿⴥϻԲѵΰԭûʲôѪɫ԰ס
ʱĵεΣԼԷΪ˱Ҫ˵ӣΰٴˮ
ǵӰ쵽ˣΰ볯Ŵϵ˴󺰡
ֻҪǾ͸ϡ
ΣΰתͷСңܲȥҽ
ڼӣҩЧδܾȣû
ȥҽİ칫ˡ
СţѾΰ׹ˣҲȥҽˡ
ͷȥҽ
ǰСҷĲ£һ䣺Լûɣ
ΰҡҡͷû⡣
СҰʲôʱٲãƫƫʱ١
Ҫûлؼңΰ׺Ͳˡ
Сһ²һҽ칫ߡ
Դҽ֮С֪ΰвٻҪ˵Աһվ䵱ⱳ塣
ͬСϡ
˫һ棬ΰʵҽôˣ
ҽʵ˵еλ̫ؼˡ
ΰסعãȻ˵ʲô˼
˵ûҽڣΰּһ䣺֪ʲôʱѹ
ҽ˵˼ǣҪ˶ʮСʱ飬ȷΡ
ʲôʱѣ죬ǹ졭
ȻпԶѲ
ΪԴѪѹ񾭡
ΰо˻Ρ
СҼ״ۼֿסΰףǸûѣιȥ
ĩˣСҿȰʦҽ˵ֻǿܣҪ̫ˡ
Ȱ˵ΰ׵ͬʱСƴҽʹɫϣԷܹԼ
ҽᣬСһȰΰס
ȻΰӿհһƬȫ˵˵ʲô
ֱС˵ÿˮҪˣΰײγѰգգ۾ܸܲҼŴ
ҽ¶ɫԭǲ֢໤ҼӴġ
ΰ˶εȻǾȼӰɡ
⻰һҽˣ㻹ûá
ΰ׿ӲֱѾûˡ



187  
Ȼΰ׳ŲҪµ
С̾˿ƵĿȰʦ˼Լ壬֪˻᲻˵ġ
飬ΰ׻ο
һΪ˾ŻᱻǸԴܲδ֪
뵽ΰѵõרƶõСң㲻ȰˣһҪš
С⻰üֱһͷ
붼֪һ֪£϶ҪĽ۸⡣
ۿŽҪԼȥСҲòŬתӣͼһ취µ
Сһ˼ڤ룬뵽˰취
Ǿǣתΰ׵ע˼ϡ
С룬ʦһֱ㣬Ϸǻô¡
ݲͺ˵ˣҪľͷ
ǸҵĹ۲죬ȫ
ΰԣעתƵϣϷ˻ѧҩιȥˡ
ΰû˵֮ǰС˲²⡣
ǵΰ˵ʱǱݺ𺳵ˡ
ŵ˵ֱһԤıĹɱ˰
Ƭ̣Сһع˿ⲻʦʲô𣿡
˵ûΰ׿ڣСԹ˵һ䣺˵ҸоĻֿ϶Ǯͨ˾ĹԱ
۵㣬ΰ׺ͬ뵽һȥˡ
ĩˣΰҵĴеģҲֹһ
ǲ֪Ļҵ˻ҵˡ
ΰײһ˼֢໤ϣСҾʹѾʦҽʿɵȣʱλֵĻ˭
ΰһĨãȻҲ֪ô飬
СңȻҪ
ǳ˱֮⣬㻹ϵЩȥ顣
˫Чʿ϶ȵһҪߡ
ǲ
ΰϸ룬ȷʵͬС˵һҵֻ𣿡
Сһߵͷһ߻صˣͷסǼ䲡
ΰ׾ͲִСҰط䣬ϵԶڵ۶ᰡ
˵ʵյΰ׷ϢǾȡ
ǰͽϵʽΰ׻ϲϵ
˵ΰ׾ǡ²ˡ
᰻û㿪ţ֪ΰǱӦǳˡ
׼
Ȼݵʱ򣬻Ǿúһ͡
Ϊȥ᰼˼ΰ״绰
òᰴ绰ѯΰǷ񷽱㡣
ΰױ뷨֮ǰǵĴ᰹
ˣȻûоܾĵ
һߣΰξ㲻ݹӲ˵ģ˾ǵ۹Ƶģ¶ɢ̵Ϣ
ţΰ׳ô飬֪ϢҪ׷Ҳ鲻
Ͼΰδҽ͹ͷˣ˵ˡ
뷨䲻˯£˯ߡ
ڵǮĺ鳤ѱȥˡ
ʵϣͷβûƺ
һ˸˵御ˡ
ȻΪ˷ֹ鵽ԼĳЩ취õ˵Ϣһпתˡ
ȥҾףҲᱻô
滹ŷա
䲻ģԳȥܷͷ
ȹӷ˼ٿҪҪع
δ۾ϲý硣
¾õķΧȫСȴԶ߸߷ɵļˣڼúȹϵûʲô
ϧѰˣôżûá
תۼ䣬Сʱȥ
ΰڵϢһ綼ûҺۣʱû취ڵһʱӦ
һʱ䣬Ӳΰ׸оԼ·˼ôá
ڴڼ䣬ΨһĺϢҩЧʱɢȥ֫ڲ״̬
ΰ׿ж֮ĵһ¾ȥ֢໤棬ſڲϿˡ
ӡһֱĴΪΧڷ絲ꡣ
ڲʡڲϣȫûӣΰ׻ӻͷһμ
Ϊ˾Ҫӣΰ׵ıʼӿһ⣬̲סӡ
СҾôˡΰ׶ûֵˡ
СҾȵĿУΰ׹ǣµû¡
ΰȫû˵СҺû׷ȥ
ΰײᣬ֢໤ĳϲˡ
ΰָˣɫҲҽԺǻƵĺѪɫСҾûȰ˵Է
ΰԴ֮󣬾һֱĬĬϣԿѹ
ϧŮûоǡ
ֱҹɫ٣ûļ
СΰһֱţԷкüκۿӶ۵ס
ٽ㣬СԵһȫûȥԷ˼СѶԷʦʲôȥ
ΰҡҡͷҲ㲻øˣԼȥԾͺá
Сԣɴ۾Ǹ֣һٲԶûţԷôأ
ΰҪСҼæڶԷǰ濪ڣ㲻ҲóԵ㣬ȻŲסġ
һѹʱΪ֧ιȥˣ϶ܡ
㲻һιȥǳ˶ѭ
ΰоԼ·ɮĺӣԹһֱ˵ͣ
Ϊи徻ĻΰײòòСʦˣҳԻ
⻰һСҵ۾˲ʲô
ΰ룬ˡ
ĩˣΰⲹҪ̫࣬ʵûθڣҲԲ£˷ʳá
ΰԸԣСѾܿˣģҲܶġ
Сȥ緹֮ΰ׼֢໤š
ǱôûϢʱᰵĶžͱ˳
ڷ绰𣿡
ԵƬ̣Ҹط
ΰ׻Ϣ¥ݼȥ
Ϊż֪ᰲĶΰһ·ȫ̶ܵģ޲óɹȥ
Ҹû˵¥ݼ䣬ΰᰴ˵绰ȥ
ܿ죬᰾ͽ绰ߵ鵽СǰʱȥӰӻظסˣҵƬصʱ򣬷ȥһȦ
⣬Ӧȥ۲εġ
˼·ûλֺпйأ˵ɵġ
䡱һΰвûжپȸС
֪ºѲ˹ϵ
λСΪҹΣ˵ʱԶͷ޲ñǿ׿˵ӣȻöԷܸɳɥĲһ㶼֡



188 䱻ץ 
ΰһ֪ĵ㡣
ʹɱ֣ǲΪá
ΪԺ飬ȫǶûбϡ
뵽ΰ׺ͷۡ
̫ɫ˷ա
ϲ£Ҳµˡ
ΪЩǸΪֻ𺣣ڽҪͷԷ֮ǰˡ
ΰס˼ᰣȻ˻ɶ󣬾ص䡣
ΰײⶣҲᰴȥģ߻ᾡȷǲ֡
Ϊ᰻Ҫΰ˵¾æȥˡ
ΰױҪ֢໤
˭룬ƻϲϱ仯
ֻûˣز˸硣
²ãһԶĽŲ
ܿ죬ơ
ΰ
䣬ԪҺƬ˽
ΰ˼룬عɴЩȣ˵ôˣ
˵겻˿ڣΰһ䣺ѵǾǱϢˣ
ԪԣΰϵĿ⣬СΣô֪Ϣˣҹˣ
ΰҡҡͷûҲµġ
ԪЦЦµûͦ׼ġ
ΪûΰûģֱʵʲôϢ
Ԫûΰ׻ֱӣЩ⡣
ΰ׷Լ꣬ԪҾȻƤﲻַꡣ
ԪôڹؼʱӰ
²˼䣬ΰʵ̲סˣڴߴ٣˵ȸʲôϢ𣿡
⻰Ԫһع¶ΣŶŶ
ΰֱע£ԪҼæڣǵʱļط֣иμɵŮǾ飬Գݻġ
ʱ͵ĻױʦţԸֱˡ
йһ֮Ե֪ûӡ󡣡
Ԫôһ˵ΰײ¡
ΰǵãʱͶԷʱ򣬻ֹһ䣬ое졣
룬Σѹֻ졣
Ǹΰ׺ȻЩڡ
ʱòԾͺסԷǲǾͲֽⳡ⡱
һͲ֢໤ʲôʱö֪
ΰԽԽۿɼ
ԪҼ״ƬһۣͼӶԷеõõϢ
ȻƬãȻãȻ
ԪҾһ˼һ롣
Ϊ֤Ƿ׼ȷԪ̽һ䣺СΣǲʶǸ
ΰûǣ͵˵ͷʶ
ĩˣΰֲһ䣺ֹʶҲʶ
⻰һԪҲԲ
Ǹ󣬻Ϊϲ֮һޣѡʹɱ֡
ԪҵΰΣֻ룬ûаڵ
׼ʵʲôʱȴСҴϣʦôܻزˣ
СŲͺУĴҴ߽档
Ŀⴥΰ֮ˣСһĨȡ
˼룬Сһعʵ˵Ƭôˣ
ԪҴ֣ЩΣ̽һСΣô˵ΪǵŻᵼСô
ΰ򴽣ҵûʲô£µˡ
˵Ԫ˼Сôˣ
ΰ׳̾˿ҽ˵Ҫ۲ʮСʱۡ
ĩˣΰֵڶʮСʱܹ֮ƾûʲôˡ
ԪҺƬ֪Ϣ׷׾úһ͡
Ѳֹǡ˼군ҵҲǵΪֹˡ
뵽ƬæСΣиͬѧڵ۶ҽԺʶԿҽҪתȥҽԺģ
ǸСУҽˮƽ϶Ȳ۶
˵׼õ۶ҽ龪һء
ΰ׾ܾ飬ҽˣòҪŲ۲ɡ
Ը⣬ƬҲǿֻܼĵðɡ
ĩˣƬ㻹ûȫҺ˾ͲϢˡҪˣǵøϢ
ΰסšһӹСҵĲͺУߡ
ĿԪҺƬ˲ΰײջĿ⣬ƿͺеĸӡ
ΪϵΰûʲôθڣԸھͲˡ
СҼ״ӿĵʦ㶼һûԶˣٳԼڰɡ
ΰײ̫Ը⣬СֻüȰ㲻ιȥɡ
ΰӲһûô
СԣһεҲˡ
СƶȰ˵֮£ΰײò
ԼٲԣᱻС߶ֱιȥ
һߣճԹʰ
˼ȥܾԼ̫ˣǾȽϺá
뷨賿ĻƱ
ʱ䣬ɻص۶ҪСʱÿԳԸҹȥǻ
ĺDȴ֪ѱϡ
֪侹Ȼؼʱ˳ĻƱǻϿԿ϶λֵı
ȷıǱ߾˼·ɹ˰ס
鳤ԼԱ
ʱ鳤ż˵˰죬ʼûе䣬֪鲻ˡ
䱻ˣǣǵľضΣա
£ǾԼܷͷ
˭룬Ǹʰ׼ţ
Ϊˣ˳ܹȥš
˲䣬ǼƷľ졣
ǻûüѯʣһ䣺һ°ǵ顣
£ȫ
Լֽ֪סδȫǱؾ֮ûʾ͸ͲƵȫˡ
ʱǰ·ϡ
³⳵ͱסˡ
ûĳ棬ټȷʵ˻£˵Ļſ϶Ǽٵġ
ϸһ룬Ǳ߲һ֤ݣȥʣֻҪҧ˲ϳϣͲʲô¡
뵽˿ĻŵĸоɢЩ
ȥ֣һ仰ƲϵҿطĺùҪʲô
ʵЦˣطĺù񣿡
ǸӼһ㣬ͬѾˣװ˼𣿡
ԣϵЦݽס
Ų¶ڣܿͽ˵ͬҲ֪˵Щʲô
˵겻ȶԷڣԹ˵һ䣺ֻζѣͬ
䡰ײĲᡱӣԽʳĶ˵
ÿ˵һ䣬ɫͲ԰һ֡
꣬Ѿ׵ֽһûһѪɫ



189  
Щ֤ǰ䳤һ춼û취ΪԼ
ɱһ˿
ÿκͺǼ˶ǵ潻ģûзϢ
֮⣬֮ʽпУ˵ġ
Ҫܲܵ˵֤ʡ
뵽һ
ס˼Цݣ۵ײЩ֮ɫλ٣㲻ƾЩ֤ʾ͸Ҷɣ
Ϊû֤ݣټʼƹˤ𽥱޿
ֻҪˣǾͱ
ļûг֤ݲ֤£ֻʮСʱ
Ǹ˵˰죬ֻ˵Щ޹ؽҪ֤ʣ֤ݶṩ϶ûҵ֤ݡ
ĳ²⣬䳹ײˡ
ֱıȻиǺƵЦݿαϡ
ȻݵⱣֲӣͱһμƵơ
Ƶ¼ţ;Ǽÿһμ档
ˣȥƬȵҲ¼ȥˡ
侪ͫһӷȻԵñɾ岻
Ƶ֮ǸƵľȻǸץ㣬Ȼ׼˸֤ݡ
֤֤ڣ㻹ʲô˵ģ
С㣬ȰʵҶʡ㹦򡣡
⻰ȥɫɫḻ̶ȿһɫ̡
֤֤ǰƱ綼Ʊ粻ˡ
£ʹٲԸҲֻܹԹԽԼ顣
ʱ˿̣ΨһľǣӵϢᴫô졣
ϧ첻Ը
Ͼһ̣ͱ찵Ƭ
һǻ츻Ȧӵģǡ½һ۶Ǳߵѡ
հƬȦѵѯʡ
ܿ죬䱻ץϢ͸ϳһȦÿ䡣
Լҫ淸ĴǰҶ²ôȡ
иѿڶžҵļҷ磿
ˣüһɽϵ񶼱ˡ
ü׷ĹӸ簵ң䵱ûдӦ׷
ӣָʲô
һʱ䣬ҫһȦ˲෹̸ʡ
ʱ࣬үֲˣȻû˼ȥ顣
֪䱻ץʱ򣬴Ѿ۹һȦˡ
տʼүӻ̫ţΪԼʹ˶䲻ãڳ˻
һܼ𰸣үֱɵˡ
ΣүӻعŹȺǼŲҰ
ҫһеĵˣһС﾿ĵӣ
үӰ˼⡣
ǵЩôүӾȥԷʲô¡
黹תأǿԶùϵ̳
û뵽մȾľȻǹɱ
үӵ֪Ϣˡ̡
Ϊҵӡ
ҽԺΰСҵļල£˴룬ӶˣűԷŹ
ΰ׳Ա㣬ʹЬ߳ȥ֢໤Ǳߴš
ΪոճԵ̫ΰȥﲻ£ɢ˲
СʰЩ;ߣһȥͼΰڲⲽ
ΰӣСΪԷΪнǲŻˣ̲סȰһ䣺ʦܼ࣬϶ѹġ
ΰԣ¶һԴɬЦݣ㼪ԡ
С̾˿ճԱ˶ȶθãЪϢһɡ
ΰǺЦҾɢ˻ô˶ȣ
⻰СұЩΣղɢ
ΰ׵ͷǰȻΪڸ
֪ԼȫһСҳ˳ǣûʲôˡ
ΰԣһεԲǾıˡ
С겻˼ЦЦⲻǵ
˵겻ΰ׿ڣСⲹһ䣺֮ǰǧһҪչ˺㡣
ΰ򴽣չֳЦݣǴ˵еĵϵѡ
СԣϵĽŶ
ΰЩˣûټ⡣
Ŀⴥ֢໤ΰǵЦ˲ɢ
ˣ㾿ʲôʱ
ΰֱֱŴϵˣһꡣ
СҼ״֪ʱΰײ̫ãĬĬת뿪
ȻСҲûԶֻռˡ
Сߺ󲻾ãΰ׾ſڲϣͲһûһ졣
Թ˵˴Сʱΰ׸оЩˣϢһ
˭룬ҪԼǱߺȵˮͼ˵ʳָͻȻһ¡
ΰզһΪԼۻˣûϡ
ΰת֮ʣƳָ⶯˶
βֹʳָǼָһ𶯵ġ
ȷϸղһĻԼ˻þΰдϲˮҲ˲Ϻˣֱҽ칫Ҷȥ
ΰ״ҽʱѾתѡ
ҽڱ˸ȫ飬ĶûŹ
ΰڵһʱ֪Σȫ̶ߡ
ʱȥΰҲҪ⡣
ȫ׼һСʱȥˡ
ΰõ棬ȷΣڣ۾˲ˡ
Ϊǰ޵ˣܲסһ쾭̫࣬ƲסԼ
״ΰ֡
ΰΪлҪ˵˹ȥ
û˵ֵȶˡ
ΰ۽ǵ飬¶۵ʲô
˵겻ΰ׿ڣһ䣺Ҳʡʱ䣬ǲ۸ˣ
ΰҡҡͷû۸ңֻǼ̫ˣһʱûס
ۿкܶ໰Ҫ˵ҽͻʿ˳ȥѿռ
һأΰסĴꡣ
·ͻȻûԤκ׼ⷴӦ
ع֮ǡ
ΰ׹˼̫֡
һΰ׾ס˵ļغͶԷֿˡ
ĿԣΰЩ˼㽫ĿŲˣװ澰ɫӡ
ǣЦһ٩ҵСڽô飿
ΰԣһֵʲô߰ġ
ĩˣΰɤӣһɫмҪ˵
ƼΰͻȻŽ˼֣ʲôˣ
ΰ򴽣ûʲô£ǡ
֪ôģΰЩ˵ڡ
˵ֵͿˡ
ΰֹӣﲻżܼ𣿡
ΰ˿ǹɲڵĸо˵Ǹϰɡ
ԣסƬ̣ϲʵ㲻ںҿЦɣ
ΰҧҧס̵յڿЦ𣿡



190  
һôʱ䣬ΰǲڿЦֳܷġ
ΰ׶ڸ̬ȵתǲ졣
ĵ˵ΰ֮ǰѾ꿹ս׼ˡ
˭룬ҸȻͻȻǰһʵڵġ
סƬ̣֤Ƶһ飺ģ
ΰױͲ˼ƫƫûһһ顣
Ҫǹ˼ˣݺԷһѡ
һӾѵˡ
˵Ӳѣΰײ뵽Ϊ˾ԴĻ档
ˣǱǸɵ˰ɣ
뷨Ժĳΰ׾סһʵһһڼ
ԣҭһ£ţֻǱͷѣûɵ
ΰлҪ˵¶Է˵֮ڶԷǰ濪ڣڶ
ĩˣΪ֤Լû⣬ⲹһ䣺㻹ⷽĹǣҿԸ㱳Բʡ
ΰһ⻰;ܾˣá
ȷûбҳΰװһ
ĴҪΪûˣǻһӵġ
ʶˣΰ׼æϣ㻹ûлشңڸϵ顣
ǰ϶޲Ӧ
Ƚ⣬ΰڱ֮
²⣬Է֮ϣΪжϲ
ǰߣûбҪ
ΰίǸίԼС
ΪŪǰ߻Ǻߣûлشΰףһ䣺ΪҾ㣬Ҹ𣿡
ΰԭΪ֮ͻֱӴӦ
˭룬ǻڿЦһһȷǲġ
θ֣Ȼ𸴺ϱԭˡ
ҪԼ⣬ŲѯʶԷҪҪϡ
ΰ׹˹ӣһصȻǡ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰ״˴ؿڣĹʵǻΪжͺͱһ𣿡
ϴѧʱѾﾶһȦˡ
ʶôˣһ㶼˽ҡ
һ仰ʱ˾ǵ˷۹¶ɢ̵Ϣǲ˵ˣöҪͷתˡ
Ȼڶ仰͸ое㲻ˡ
ĨԤΰ˵仰õ֤ʵ
ΰ׵˽⣬öԷòεġѡҪûˣ
뵽üæڱ⣺ҴûоˣֻҸ̫ͻȻ˲ţټһƬհףŻʳԶ׼⡣
ΰü㻹Ǹ˻ķϣҾͲƽˡ
⻰һЦݣΰϵĿȸԾҲŪˡ
ĩˣ˿пʱ£ˡ
ΰƲƲ죬¶֮ɫô𣿡
׷߱ѣĳĵһ뷨ǣ˳سԴˣ
ΰ׵˵ȣƤ¹ȻһʱǺǺЦ
Ÿϲӣͱˣ
ΰЩˬʹ˴ؿʵʲôأ
޷԰Σʶص½Сӡ
⻰ΰɵˣϣ½ʲô
ûüΰ׾ԹԲ²Ƕ˰ɣ
üһ˵еб氮
Ҳͳɹˣ
һĻ׻ˡ
ۿΰԽ˵Խףæڴ϶ԷǣԺ㣬ҿ˳سԴˣ
֪ྐྵΰ̲ס˸ۣϢ
ﰵ󸴺ϱܾ֮ȷʵϢˡ
⻰ǲ̨ܰϽġ
һǵΰڱʾǲΰ׻ȥ
ȻǸˣôӽµĿʼ
ΰײǵСžţĵһ⣬һûԶˣԵʲôС
ûʲôԵģԡ
ΰ˵ȻǾͽˡ
һ룬ΰͳֻһߴһ˵̫ܳģͳԵͲˡ
ΰ׵İţһǲģر֡
ʳסЩ棬ɶԷˡ
ΰױ༭ϢСҷȥͷֻյǰѯʣڸоô
ϵֻСˣ϶Ҫⷢˡ
ǻΰ˫ÿ۵۾ͲöԷΪġ
ЦЦص˱ҵĵطеʹ֮⣬ͦá
𰸣ΰʵ̫š
ҽʱ˵ĸ첲мˡ
ҽ˵΢ˣΰҲûۼ˿ʲôģ;úۡ
ֲģôܻûио
ΰ򴽣ϵĿۡ
Ҳ˵ûв𴩶Է
ΰ̾˿ĬذҴҴǡ
̾ʶʵö˶˵̾ʲô
ΰҡҡͷû¡
׼òʱȻ
ΰתͷȥʵ˭
䣬½˽ҡ
ΰһ˼ϣȫûоȥˣȥֱӵҪչûʲô£Һ𣿡
½ԣۿɼرʧ䣬ֻ̽㶼𣿡
ΰ׻ûüڣ½ֵBǱϷȫ֪A߷ʲô
յϢʱѾҽԺˡ
Һܵ㣬ݺƬ˵ҪϢȵڲ
ΰ۵׸ֳһĨǸ⣬ɼ֮ǰ˵һָòˣ죬ɡ
½ģһʱûס˵뷨Ҫʱʱ̿չ𣿡
ΰüͷҪ롣
½׼ȡһµʱ򣬲ﴫһţ˭ˣ
ʵ֪ģ֪ʡ
ΪʲôȻΪӦ½ǽŵġ
Ȼΰײ֪ģתȥص½ˡ
üǿͣɡ
⻰ΰЩ⣬ȷ
½ж಻ԸǼʶ˵ġ
ÿһ͸øƵģ޲ҪѶԷ̻һ
ΰʱɣ˲ǵذֲϣʲô֪ľԹ
ȻĻⲻΪʲôλһ
ΰ²˼䣬ѵڵ״ɾ̼ܲ
Цһģõúܡ
½ܵӣ϶̾



191 Լ 
ļ£ΰֻ˶Է⣬½ó·
˽⣬Է½ꥯ茝϶Ҫ顣
뵽ΰɨһۣʾԷֵ㡣
ҪȻûɣԼιȥ
Ҫ֪ǸѲá
״϶⡣
ΰײپǰʹ࣬Խ½첽ߵǰ棬ȥߵһ㣬Ҫ֡
ȵϢڶϣŻعôƫһˣ
ΰԣ̲ס˸޴İۣƲƲǵòá
˵겻ڣΰԹ˵һ䣺ǹҧʶġ
仰ĲæĿڵúúãһؼ
Ϊΰ׿Ᵽֻ֤Ҫ½ңҿ϶¡
½ǵø飬Ҳ
ӦòҰɡ
ΰ⻰ǺЦģ˼ҲŲƵģһͱɶ
ԴƫԵ˵֮Աǣǿδء
ĩˣ׳նҲҺҶģ
ΰ׺޷ȻϹˣʲô
Ƭ̣Ͷ½᲻£ѡᡣ
һ룬ΰгѡᡣ
ΰʵעʲô
˵һ׼õĴ𰸣˴ӦӮһ¡
֪ô£ΰ仰ʱƤͻȻݺһ£ššԭ򣬻ǴӦãǰǲ̫֣ɱ˷Żҿɲҡ
׽ΰķʧЦСڣôȥɱ˷Ż𡣡
ΰҲǡ
ֲ䣬ôɥĲ顣
ס˼ΰ׳˵ͷʾԼʽӦԼ
һĻ½۾̼۶Щˡ
½ȫ벻ףΪʲôÿڳʱΰȻԺ˵졣
ѵΰ׶ò˼
ΰ׵˽⣬ΰ׵Ƥûô
ζţ϶ͷ
ó֮½ڴ˵Ŀ˼ֲơ
ע⵽ˣѡ˸ΰײעʱ䣬½¶һƵ΢Ц
Ҫǹ˼ŸղǸԼͳԳ½ˡ
½ͶĻѾá
֮Ի˳̽ΪڶԷΰ׵ķϡ
Ĳ˳ʺǰϲ
Ƴΰڶ½˿òѹסͷȼյŭ𣬳˳ǼһĨЦָܿò
ԼĴŭԵʣ½⻰˵մȾЩ֮⡣
ԭţҪΰһܼ½ۡ
û뵽½ôͱסˡ
½һ󰡡
˼·Ʋ⣬½ΰ׵ϲƱȱֳĻҪࡣ
ĳ뷨жʱ
У취ϵҩС
⣬ǷһЦʦչţָȻ
½ƽϲʦѧΪӦԷ
ò˵мֱ̫ˡ
䣬½ɫͱ
֪ĻΪ½ôˡ
ע⵽ˣһѻ
ἰϵ飬½үܻ֪Һΰ׾ڲǰͺˡ
½ԣɫ׳·ɽ¥ӡ
ԸģͽĿͶΰ֤
Բġ
ΰһֱš
֪ˣ϶Ϊ˸¹˵ġ
Ȼ½εԸעҪˡ
Ŀһֻ̣ΰ΢΢˵ͷ
ΰΪΪϸ˹ͷŻһ˾ҪͶԷϵȷʵˡ
⻰һ½ֱʧȥѪɫñȰֽҪ԰׼֡
ΰüͷżֵʵ½ɫôͻȻôѿ
Ƽ½ûлػΰʣǲ岻
ҽԺ˰¥Һš
ҽԺ鱨ٶͦ졣
½عһ˼ʵʦΪʲôҪϣ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬ½ּеѵ㲻ǵЩ𣿡
ΪõڹѧȦһЩ˵Ŀ˵ˡ
½ȫ벻ףΪʲôͬһطΡ
Ҳ·ΰ̶ֳ
Ҫ˵֮֮ǰƬҲȹΰһΡ
½ⲻΰףΰͬⲻ½
ֲʲôʮ飬½ʧɣ
ΰ򴽣üͷ΢صҵȻûǣҲΪǰ¾Ͳĺá
½˿ôϲ𣿡
ΰûлش⣬ʵΪʲô飿
½ҧҧҾ֪ԭ򡣡
ΰ̾˿Ȼô֪Ҿ͸ˡ
⼸µı仯ҿҲ
ԸһΡ
½ԺǸΪǡҿҪϵˡ
ȥ½֪ԼȻ˵ʲô
Ϊ˱ԺѶɵľ棬½߬ȭͷƬ̣ǿ˵ȻҾͲˡ
⻰½ټû˵ֱת߳
ΰһĪתͷ¶ɢŇNɪϢ
һۣΰϴŻʵǲǳҲע½ʲô
⻰ڴʲôԩ
ĩˣʵǲ䲻𣿡
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼ䲻𡣡
˵겻ڣΰֱӵ˵ɣҴӦʲô
ЦЦţ˵
⻰ΰ׸оԼΣˡ
ܾڴƨɵ⡣
ʵϣȷʵôġ
Ϊһˣֵ׳꣬ôʱ䣬ˡ
ϲǱʵܵʱǡ
֣ڿΰһ̽İˡ
Сΰ֮ͺ˳ȥ
ΰײ𿪲ͺеĸӣݸ˵԰ɡ
գգۣǸ˻Լ𣿡
ΰü磬㱻еͷ֡
˵ɷ£ͷΣֶ
Ϊ֤ΰ׿˶ʾԼû˵ѡ
ΰ׼״ֻӣҨһ͵ߣΣ¿˰ɣ
ڸסпҪϲӦˡ
֮пϣӳһ㡣
ΰЦˣǲë˼ҶտҽԺ



192  
ԣЦüûôõļչš
ΰԭΪŽ׳ĴүͲᰢķŹ
ԭǰΪ
˭룬ֿ⼸УȻʦͨˡ
տʼЩӲŷ϶ʹ
ʱΰɣǲǱϱˡʺƨܡ
˵꣬ΰ׺һûЩ֡
һԭΰײ֪ʲôʱʼˡ
״սԿţҴһô񡣡
ΰ׻عæϵǡ
ÿĺڿΰֻһͷ
ôоνҽԺñǰࡣ
֪ĻΪǸŮء
뵽ΰ̲ס̾˿
̾ʶһ䣺ö˶˵̾ʲô
ΰ򴽣û¡
Ϊ˲£ΰ׾бҪתһ¶Էע
뷨ΰٴҨһ͵ߣϽԷ
⼸µĥѾ֪ϢĵͽǵС˼Թΰ׵Ļͷࡣ
ȻǰΰΧתǸԷ
ι£ΰ׻ͷһ
տʼΰײ̫һŪϡ
˵ڵˣΰԼȥˡ
ΰգգۣεҰСҺιɡ
ԥܾˣҪˡ
ʵϣǿԼԷġ
ҪΰιŲװɲӡ
̬˼ΰ¶ɫ£ȥ·û
һνͻֲ·
ĩˣüʦYUϪXIôñ£͵ɣ
ΰƲƲ죬ǺǺЦΪòã
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰԹԵȻǵιʲô¿ɱҡ
˵֮ΰҨһݹȥװͰ͵ԣ
״ίͰͿߣǴ
ΰ׷һЦԲԣ
оΰѾٽԵҲˡ
ˣΰ궯ɢЩ
ʱƣΰ׵ļټ϶ȸһܿͼ˵ס
ΰιһ࣬ʵ𣿡
ҡҡͷʵֻ߷ֱ
⻰ΰ׳˼Ƭ̿ڣϳ̫θá
ǵ಻̫ܱΰ׾ͳֻһߴһ˵С͵ˮ
ƽʱôϲˮΰ׾ÿԳԷಹάCѵרƶһأܾԵˮڿ
ΰײ֪ľܾյߡ
ڵǰһ룬ͱΰһˡ
֪ΰΪãҹԹöԷģĬĬѻʻض
ԼӣСһˮš
洫һСŷĵƿŽȥ
ת˼ȦСҸоǷ·Դһϣ˸岻ȥ
Сҷ£Ųȫǹζʦû£Ҿȳȥˡ
ΰ׵˵ͷá
СҿҪ߳ʱΰ˵һ䣺ӦûʲôˣؾƵϢɡ
СԣһĨȣȷ
ΰЦЦЩεʲôȴȷģֲСû
СҶҹĴˡ
˭룬ΰ׾ȻôãȻȥϢ
СʮָмΰϵĿ˼ȡ
ע⵽ˣԸⱳ壬ܳ廰ˣɡ
зСҲһͲĴҴ뿪ˡ
ΰ׵ͷ׽Ĳˬ̲סЦ
Ҫ˭еܲ˽¾Ȼô׳Դס
ЦǣԴ̫ˣͲֱñдšҳԴˡ֡
Ц¶ɻ󣬡Цʲô
ΰ˵ѸЦݣװʲôûӣû¡
ȻΰԽԽǺ档
ŵ˵оںиëﻮȥν͡
ж㣬ֻΰѹ
ⲻ֪ΰ׼ӣڶѾȫˡ
ûа취ʵǺýɴʼʩҰɡ
ΰ֮ǰǲ˵ģǼܲס˵ã㲻
⻰϶ΰ׸ղŵЦ塣
ΪȰΰ׵Ļ׳ʹӦˡ
˱֤ΰŷ˵ǾɣСҵĴ׶ԣ
֮ЩҲסɫͱЩ֡
ΰ׼״ЦʱȻֹ
һôãԷʲôӣ˵ˡ
ı飬ǲˡ
սԿΰڨڨ˵һ䣺㱣֤ġ
ΰôһ˵Լȷʵ֤
һʱ䣬ЩڣΪ׻ԸˣȻܽⷢӣΰֵô
ںˣҪǳ˲ˣǵΰЦ
Ϊ˱סʣ޼ֻµû
˵ǣΰײţ㶼ʼҰɫˣ˵ûƭСء
ɷµģû
ΰԣ˹ӣ˻ķϣúƽϡ
Ϊģΰ׾㻤ĴϣʼϷ
봦ͷεʵòͷ
Ȼûã˯϶˯ŵġ
£ֻ۾ڴϡ
˼ӣ̲סˣͶΰ˵ţܲĻ죬Һġ
ΰϷͷϣûж˼ָ
Ϸɫȴʱ䣬ΰʵûʲô뿴飿
ǵİá
ǰסıһ¥רġ
룬͡ġɡ
ĩˣһʵˣ
ΰҡҡͷ򿪶Ȿ飬Ȼ鹦ܣͷۻģҴҲˣһ㡣
Ҳǣΰװˡ
ΰ״˼ϷСʱôȥˡ
ۿʱ䲻ˣΰ׾˳Ϸȥϴ衣
ΰ߽ԡ֮ǰȻһҪ飬ϴ𣿡
ƲܣˮҲӣ
ΰţСģӦãϴ衣
Ϊûڣΰ׵ʲôͻ״ϴҵ̫ʱ䡣
֮ʹԡҳˡ



193  
ΰ״ͷȥԡҶˮ
Ϊ˲кͽΰڸ֮ǰ⽫Ÿˡ
ţΰߵߣ˿
ΰ׼·Է·ͻȻ˶ڵǰһԼ˸⣬ڿ㶼ûѡ
·Ķ˸ɴ࣬ΰΧֱɵˡ
ҪбΪڵΰ΢һ£ܻεܳ档
˼ޣм붼֪мܲסĻ
˻裬ΰ˿۾㲻˵ֶҿ·ôжӡ
ԣһĨš
ˣΡ
¶ˣ
֮·ô죬Ϊ̫˽ΰ׵ıԡ
ΰ·Է϶Ϊ߶ġ
һ˼ƾʩչˡ
ȻɫΰףȴԼոհһж衣
ΰѾι˷նԷǸӣһ֮ºпܻͷϡ
Ǹ棬͸оͷʼˡ
Ƽüͷΰ˺ͶԷ˵뷨ΪСϡ
ʲôʱ׺ˣ˲١
ס˼ΰһдչȥʵͷۣ
ÿɻأ΢΢״ȷʵ۵е
ΰ׵ӡϲ۵ˡ
˵۵еĻѾ˺۵ĳ̶ȡ
óۣΰȥҽ㿴
ΰ˵߾ߣҽ¶ڣæסԷȵȣ
ΰ׽Ųһ٣ɻתôˣ
ЩӲҾûҪȥҽ
ΰüͷǲͬҾúбҪԿܵ٣۾˵⡣
Ͽɲܱһ˿һĽ
һϵ죬ϳɴô죿
ۿΰԽ˵Խ𾢣һҪ˵ļƣΪԼ徻㣬òòúúãҰ·ϣҿɲҽ顣
⻰ΰЦ˵һΪûƤûˡ
дʣǰȷʵԲҪ˲
ΰ̲֮ס˸޴İۣ˿ûԼ⻹
˵겻ڣΰƲƲ˵һ䣺еԲҪתø˰ɡ
ΰ⻰ǴпЦɷֵģΪˣһÿĺΰףʦҲתСʱҪҴ乬
⻰һΰӣЩڵؿûں㿪Ц𣿡
ҡͷû
ĩˣԹԵ˵ÿЦжĳɷ֣̫ˡ
Խ˵ԽͲֱ˵ǸУΰ̲ס̾˿
ֻ֪ЦԷô͵˰
ǱҪԩˡ
̾ѧΰǰʵ㿪ʼͷǲǣ
ΰ׸о⻰ĪϤһʱ벻ֻʱѹĵײȥ룬עתص£ûвͷǾҺԩ
Ҫ˵ΰײ£һ̶ܳ˲
ΰĶ֮Ц
жΰ˵Ч
ΪΰЩΣյ˼룬øһֶԷС
֮󼪵ΰײ֪ǸĵĿˡ
ҽ칫Ҿ벡ԶΰײôصǿʶӲӵ·̣߳˽ʮӡ
ΰһأССʱȥˡ
ڴڼ䣬̧˼ʱ䡣
ʱƣΰǲҽԺ·ˡ
Ҫͷεúܣ϶̲סȥΰס
ȥԼλСڵʱڴѾõĽŲ
ܿ죬ΰ׵洫Ҵҽˣ㴩·˰ɡ
ʹˡ
ȷûв㣬ΰ׾ƿǰţҽ˽ȥ
ĿⴥЩѪɫΰ׺Ȼġ
ӣɲͷ۵֢״
Ŀԣ׽ΰһĻɣæס۵׵顣
֮İӿҽע⵽һ㡣
֪ⲻԼùܵ£ֱʵλ˵ͻȻͷۣ
ﻢ£ֻӲͷƤصǰ
ҽٸһμ飬ⲹʵղţѾöˡ
ҽԣ˼⡣
оӲŵӣҽʹż¼ˡ
ΰȫΧȻ˲еè塣
ҺӣҶڼų⣬֤˶Է֮ǰʮа˾˵ѡ
Ŀҽ˲ΰ׳ϣĹĻ˴š
ԭȼƻǴҽ˾͸塣
룬ÿƲȡͬģƭҽһˣ
ǲˣߣ
뷨ΰѵɵϣһ׼Ϣ
״ʼˣţ㲻ҲһǸ˻
ľ飬󷨶еô
Ȼΰͷϣ
űӣΰȫûд˼вֻҡ
֪ղͲ˵ˡ
ڲһ˰ɣ
УԲҪٴα乬
ס˼ҧӲ
ԭߵΰʶת鿴
֮ǰͷۻҪ´ΰ׼æƿӹȥŶԷʲôһˣԼʲô
ǡôί㲻ҡ
⻰һ˲乴ΰ׵θС
뵽Ϊ˵ģΰͻͻֱ̫Ѩ
ˣһֹɵ˼ƽʲô
ΰˣʱҲ࣬ҵĴҺǸԲ𡣡
ȫû뵽ΰ׻ô͵ͷһʱе㷴Ӧ
عѾΰ˴¡
ĿӣʿˮЩߵɧȫ˵ˡ
ˣѾֹһˣá
ΰע⵽ʶһ䣺ڿʣ
׵е㣬鷳ʦҵˮ
ΰԣüͷ΢΢𣬡Ҫʦֵֹġ
˵ͬʱΰҲûҪˮ顣
ΪˮΰײҪȥܴˡ
ܿ죬ΰ׾һˮصߡ
ˮڴͷϣĴҡߣԷŵĽǶȡ
ЩŽǱˮݸŶˮе̣һȡ
ӹˮ׼ȵʱ򣬾ͼΰֵ㻹ûشҵ⡣



194 ͵͵ɻ 
֮ôΪ½ƺߡ
տʼӦ½˭˾ͱϰߡ
ÿҪ٩ΰףԷµʱͻʶô
ǲΰ֪Եɵġ
ΰ׵˽⣬Է֪ˣʮа˾ǻ᲻˵ġ
˵תΰ׵ע⡣
ĿⴥڴߵˮëһⶸȻԺ
սԿίͰ͵ʦ鷳ҲһҲġ
ôһ˵ΰײע⵽¡
ǰΪöԷ
ĻˣԽԽԼ֡
ô飬ǰӻ𺣾ȳˡ
뵽ΰ¶Ǹ⣬ΣǸ֮ǰҲԡ
˵겻ڣΰ׾Ͷˮһԡһ߶߶ˮеˣȥµĻ
ΰ˵꣬Ųɿԡҡ
ΪʵǾòڣλȥԡҶһ㣬侲һ¡
ӣΰ״һµˮصߡ
ⲻ֪иսڵ
ȻҪӣ϶ҪѵԷ·ġ
һôֶ꣬Ǹ涼ûĳˣ÷ͷˡ
ŵ˵ȶԼĻϤ
ˣΰûʼж֮ǰϾͷ˺Ρ
ΰ޷󣬵Ȼʱʲô
һΰĿվڴߣȫûж˼̲סߴٵŴˣȰҲ𣿡
ΰԣգգ۾ϵĺŨ˼֣ˣ
ȻΰϴӦúܸɴ࣬жȴ֢ڻߣĥ˰춼ûǿʼ
ͼԼ裬θ費
Ŀȣ͸оԼˣƷַҪԷ븹
ΰо˺ôһſסҪ֮󼪵ĳ嶯
ڰ˸ʱ򣬾ٴδߴٵʦ㲻˰ɣ
ΰ˿ӲͷƤһ䣺ӺɷһԼȳ׷
ǣ΢΢һЦȻλɷҪ㰡
ĩˣ쳣ʵҪҪԼ·ˣ
ΰĥĥ˵Щҧгݵζллƽ⡣
Ϲ̲ĵһϵĶʾԼ˵ˡ
ţʵʵڴϣȴΰ׸ӡ
һڱģΰ幬޵Ļ档
ò˵ӻζˡ
ΰԲʱһûסЦ
ЦܸоΰЦ
Ϊ˸ΰͻȻЦԭֱʵЦʲô
ΰ򴽣Ѹײڶ֮Ц⣬»صûʲô
ԼõԵʣΰ׷ԭǹɾȸɢ˲١
̳ˮëš֮ȸ
ԣϵر۾
Ŀⴥʮǵΰ׺Ȼס
֪ΪʲôΰܸоԷϺдˡҰɡ֡
Σΰ׻عæëϡ
ջˮ
Ҫˣ
ʲôʱֿܵסԹ˵ɫ/ջ󣿣
ɸֵ²˼䣬ΰ׶ԼտԺ
ԼɫѹΰһĬһ߸
ڼ䣬ΰһֱ˼һ⡣
ѾĻųȻǺá
ΰԽԽţڶڸ¡
ûãƵ𣬡ҵСڣǴ𣿡
ΰŻعæÿѾëԲ𡣡
𼱻ǵǸ֮ΰҲʱˡ
Ͳӣӡ
ΰҪôڣرѵ£Ȼһ˫Ц۾
Ŀ⣬ΰ׸о¶ڣսپ
ΰױ뷨ӲͷƤʼɻ
ò˵ϵ۵ĳ
ʮǵαҲ൱õġ
ΪһԱΰ׳ڹҪܶԱ¶ϰ
ּƯ˼ģû
˵ģҪƲˣƾɫҲӵкܿ͹۵롣
ΰԽԽעʱ͵͵һѡ
ڸӣСҲ
˵Լ֮ΰ׾ͿʼѰһᡣ
ΰΪúΣⲻ֪۾תӣȫ۵ס
ʾ֪ΰ׼ˡ
ע⵽ΰʱʱͶĸƵʸߴＸһΣڵְ֮˿
⸱ƤҶΰ˵Ǻġ
룬ΰ⸱С׼͵ͳԡӣƺܿҪжˡ
ʵ֤Ԥ൱׼
뷨մԺð͸оǿλñһ¡
ϸֱ棬ΪΰײСġ
ղѾע⵽ΰҪɻ¡֪Էǹˡ
ðΰױһ׺ߣ¾ͻͨ졣
һﾹȻעʱ͵͵ռˡ
ֻ迪ڣܰåץ
ʮֺΰ׻ʲô̶ȣ;Ȳȡж䡣
ΰڡ͵ϮɹϲУûԼѾֵ顣
ϲʼƻ˵ڶΡ͵Ϯ
ĵ˵ΰ׵һռ˱ˣտʼﻹǺܻŵġ
˭룬ĸо񾭲̫ûзĶ
һγɹˣΰ׵ĵȻʹˡ
šҪȡԭΰ׺ְܿצĸ
ȻûĻѾΰòˡ
Σһѿסΰ׵Сۣ֪ʣʦʲô
ΰײץۿɼػ
ܿͱԼ侲
ʲôֻҪ˾ˡ
ΰ״֮󣬱ɤӰ޹ڰӰⲻҪ𣿡
꣬һЦֻǱͷֲˡ
ǲǹңһо𣿡
˵ģҪֱӺ˵ֲǲ
͵͵ûҪ
һĻΰɵˡ
ΰװǹģû취װȥ
ԭڣǵСžѾµһˡ
ټװɵ㶣ǰɵˡ
׽һϷʣΰײǰûץǶԷˮˡ
͵͵ӣȫ
üһ˸ոһֱڿЦ
ˣ
óۣΰϵıֱӽס߳ܵýָͷٳһķӡ



195 廹ϵ 
ֻǵץΰ׻ôΡ
˰ȫ۵ףͺ޲ûͷȥ
ӣҲûڸֳ
ΰҪ˦ëˣ뷨ûüж첲ȱקס
һ룬ЩЦ𣺡ʦ㲻ܰɣ
ǵСžűˣΰֽ֮ţ˵ЩͣңҿûУ
ΪȨΰ׼æתƻ⣺㻹ҪҪҼˣ
ΰĹĵʮֿɰһʱûס͵٩߳ŭ
⻰ΰ˵ˡ
ѹ˼˵ɫͷһѵ֪仰ʲô˼ˡ
֪϶סֵģ
ϧǣ˵ʲôˡ
ץһӢѾˣ
Ҫ֪£ǿ϶Ǹɫ
ΰԽԽ˾͸˪һյġ
״֪Լȥ͹ˡ
תƻ⣺ʦҸоˮеˣȥˮɡ
ΰ׵˽⣬ֻҪռţԷܿܵ
ò˵ⷽΰ׻Ĭ
е뷨ΰ׵ļֱһģһ
飬ΰȻûоܾĵ
ΰһԲˮƵһͷԡ档
ˮΰסԼ̵գŲǰ
žǸͨ죬·ʱܵγѪˣΰ̲ס˾໰
ղŵĳΰ֮ʣȻĳһ󵨵뷨
ѾˣԷΪѣӦѵ
磬һ۲Ѿõĸ
Ȩƾʲô٩
УȻȥҪҪ
һʱ䣬ΰ׵ĸִˣľȻǻȻʡ
ΰͨˣԭǹθоɢˡ
´һˮΰ״˴ɲżա
ֱЩѪɫȫȥΰŶˮ߳ԡҡ
صǰ棬ΰͬߵʱǰ㣬һԲšëӡ
ΰϲ˿ǰţֺ档
ΰ׾ԡʲôǰ󷴲Ȼ˾޴
㿪ѯʵʱ򣬾͸о˺ü¡
˵ǿͶΪ
˼룬̧۾ΰס
Ŀԣֻΰ˿ţƵ޹Ҹû
֪ǲǴоΰеš
ʵ֤ĸоܶԡ
ΰ˵ûãһѡ
ղţΰ겢ûɨһͲѡ޿֡ĸдϡ
û뵽ΰ׻ô󵨣ֱɵˡ
֮ʣΰֹ˼ض/
ڴڼ䣬ΰˡ
Ǹ˻һж֡
ʲôҲ㡣
ðȴʲô˵ӣΰ׾̲סЦ
ЦʶʵЦʲô
ΰԣסЦûʲô
𰸣һš
ΰ׻Լû֣ڳЦ˵ʱиСϰߣǻϰԴԷ
ոע⵽ˣΰװöΡ
⣬ΰ׾Ц
ζЦʱ֪
ΰεòѹȥĻҸȼơ
֪ΰʲô֪ɶԷȥֻ
Ϊ˲ֻܿģСڣòˡ
ΰԣһ˫ƯĴ۾޹ҲǣûУ˵
ǵˣԼ϶ᱻΰԻ
ŷ·ͷϳһǣΪСħΰףȻǰǸΰס
һ˼ϡ
ÿ°ؼңϲһö
ϧԼǰ£úö˶˵ĹԹкڻˡ
ںˣΰ׾͸˴ƵģҪһ¡
ʱ⣬̲ס̾˿
ΰ֪̾ǱһͷŴЦЦ
Ҫ˼ŶԷӣξûЦ
սԿΰֱǣװʲôûӡ
޿֮ɫΰĽ𣬾òԷ¡
ΰ׵Ļ᲻ʹ
Ȼ
˭ƽϲ棬ʱ˶᲻ͣ¡
ΰ̧۾й۲ı顣
ſգӣΰ׹ǣ΢΢һЦ
ˣ
ǰϵ·ȫˣʡΰһ
֮ǰԷ̽ȥ
ΰԭΪӦòᱻץ
˭룬˵ֻ۾һĳλǰһ룬Ѹײڶ֮סСۡ
ڲУȱƽʱС˺ܶࡣ
ΰ΢һǯơ
ĿԣüʦԽԽˡ
˵ûΰ׿ڣԹ˵һ䣺Ըĸ֪ôд𣿡
ƽʱΰûͻͣˡ
һһ´ѵ˻в
ٲˬҲֻ˵˵ѡ
뵽ΰվڴϵˣǹһĨΪơ΢Ц֪
⻰ץƨɡ
״˰Ҳֻǿ
ΰץǼֱ췽ҹ̷
ΰ׼״æشϣжͱˡ
лҪ˵ΰڶԷ֮ǰ˿ڣҲˣһ㡣
õҪĴ𰸣Ű
ΰͷˣʱȫ̶С
֮⣬ٶȱ֮ǰ
Ȼ£ɲɱ˷Ӧ
ΰײҶ࿴ñӸסĳӵĲλɤӵȥˮɣҪļֵҲУһ˼롣
£ΰײҶĴҴˡ
ΰߵøɴ࣬ͽһڴϣ컨巢
ΪһѾȴֺüµòĳˣֻҪһӦû취ǰ̾͹ȥˡ
ϲ֮ǰֱȥԡϴˮ裬Լľ
Ȼ״˵ȥϴ裬´Ѿ
ûа취ֻΰ˵ĬĬ䡣
ϧûãԽԽơ
£Բˡ
Ե廹ϵˡ
˭ģ˭ˡ
ƹˤĽǣֱΰ״ԡҳء
ΰײ֪Ϊˣ˯֮ǰԷ¡
ҽⶣģΰ׾һֱ
Ųµ߹ȥûüھͼѱһƣָĳĲλ˵ǳĻ㸺ˡ



196 Ժ 
ΰ۾Ϊ𾪵ɵͭһ
˵ûڣΰֵ״ڡ
ʵֻΰװһ£һ뽻
ΰ˵ˡ
ɶԷȥ
ΰײ̫Ѻõע£һҲ㶯Ϳˡ
˵꣬ΰ׵ޱȡ
뵶һ˵ǲزסġ
ҪˣҪöԷ֪Ϊʲô족
ڽѵΰֻһŬסӿĻ
Ȼ˫ЦԺǸΪǡҾͱŭնˣ
ոӣȻ֪ԷǸλǺõġ
ûµλһѡ
ǵ״ʱ򻹲
ˣرϷ죬ʼʹţúݵİ
ΰ붼룬֪װġ
ûֻЦ𣿡
⻰סŵıݣüʦӶڲ֡
ĩˣЦе٩Է߳ŭˡ
ΰױͺܲˬٱ٩ǻϽѩϼ˪
ƫƫ⹷ԼǸ˻˶ݺ䣬Էһѡ
ƳĳĲλɾӣΰüͷ
ѵҪ˵
ͷðس֮
һ룬ΰ׾͸ȶƵģȫȾ˺ɫӶûѡ
״ЩԳ
ΪڸʶʿˮԸеĺ֮˼¡
ΰϲλãȻע⵽˵ġ
ľ飬ΰ׿ƶϳҪ̲סˡ
һͷͺͣԷԶС
Ҫ뽻
һһ©ͲҪˡ
ΰûгΪ˲෹ݵã͸ı˽㴲뷨
ָٶȣƾˡ
˲´ûˡ
ΰ״⣬Ͱѱס˻۵壬𼱻˳ȥ
ǲĴҴҵӣ֪ĻΪй׷ء
ǵѸʧ߷ΧڵӰɵˡ
ڴ֮ǰôû뵽ΰ׾Ȼ·
׿ݲ˵Ǿˣ
ΰδ̫ûˣ
Σεҡҡͷ
ƿɨһĳüֱһͷ
ѵҪԼ֣
¶ģԸʱ򣬺ȻһҪ顣
ڱ϶Ū౻ӡ
֪£Ҫױ
뵽ֻܱ۾ԼȥԲЩɽĻ棬ͬʱΰ׺ݺݼһʡ
ĻΰòģԷֻܵ𲻹
ȫָѶԷץúýѵһԷ޷ˡ
ΰŵӣ޲ðקƨɡ
ԼתעԵʣûôˡ
ʱƣĳĲλͣˡ
̧һʱ䡣
賿࣬ȴ˯ԡ
ϸ룬Ӧǽ˯˵Եʡ
øģԼҵʱ䡣
ΰ׸ֻԼĵһ¡
Ϊ˴˯⣬ѡһɬѶ鼮
ⱾûйܿͰ˯ˡ
˯ȥǰһ룬ƾʣһʶص
ָҲ硣
֮£Դûʧ߹ΰףĵʧˡ
֪ôˡ
ΰԽԽܣķ·Сèצˣ
֪ڼ鷭ȥΰ׷
Ҫȥ˯ûУ
뷨մð͸һӵ˵ϣѿˡ
գΰʵûסͰѱƿЬ˳ȥ
䲡ľ벻ԶĻΰף·˽Ų
״̬ӵ·̣ӲӲֹ
Ҫǵ·ĻʿǱ̬ٽȥ
ΰ˿߽˲档
Ŀⴥ˵˯գΰװһ
Һ˯ˣȻˡ
ΰߵߣȷû£ǹɸʧˡ
Ϊĳΰ׾ûлȥԱߵ㻤¡
˯ᴫȾˣΰûӾ˯ȥˡ
ڶ죬ΰǱһ̸ѵġ
ΰ˯۾ʶԼҽԺֻ췢£˲ûˡ
Ƴҽµΰ׾ʵΣ
ҽԣüۼ鲼һϲɫЩЦ⣬ӺãûзգЩС˿Ѿڽˡ
ȥCTֹۣܿܳԺˡ
ˣоͷε𣿡
ʵöˣֻʱʱѣΡ
ҽͷָٶȣ¾ܻؼˡ
ȷûд󰭣ѹΰͷǿʯڱжˡ
ΰȫ̶ţ˻ûеġ
Ψ˺ֱܶڶɳš
ΰ׵ĵȣͺԪ˵ԻȥϷˡ
ԪҿϢ亹Ҫðˡ
£ͰѾŵùǺˡ
̶һʱ䣬յԶ෽棬Ͳˡ
֮ԲɥΪΰ׵ʱΣվء
˫˫ҽԺʹΰױ֤ԼˣҲöԷϷ
ȵС⣬һ֮¸û顣
ָ֮ǰΰ׻ҽԺűȽϺá
뷨ԪҾܾΰ׵
ΰױܾ֮ʵûж⡣
Ϊֿܡ
ΰţȻܻȥҽԺúʡöԷ˵ûġ
ʱ䣬ΰ׻ǶʮСʱͶԷһ
޼ĸоϱرϲ
ⱲӲһѾһ˼ϵˡ
ԹʮӣѾζòˡ
ΰţҪ˵öԷͬƬϷҽԺͻȻ֪ͨԳԺˡ
صƵ꣬ΰ׾ͷϵ˻ûȫãص۶ɡ
۶ǱߵҪ࣬һӶչ㡣
ߣСҺƽʱҪȥƬչ˶ûС
üʦڸߣ
ΰҡҡͷûиߣֻ顣Ҫǲص۶ҲԴߡ
ȷΰײ˵ѣɢˣûչˣᰰ˹ˡ
Ҫߣΰֻȥˡ



197 ֱ 
ΰһŴѤõϦ̵ƿ´
ΰ˸ǷǾ첲˸
ɹ˲д⣬ΰ׵𽥱
˵˽һԷǸȥȥΰ׾ֻ༭Ϣ׼ʲôʱ
˭룬Ϣű༭һ룬ͻȻ
ΰϸ룬ʱˣӦûˡ
ţվŵĹȻ
ΰü
ԣżί˽ҪһԷ𣿡
ΰֻ붺ûҪǶԷˡ
֪װģЩΡ
սԿΰױЩڵûУôôҪ顣ֻ붺ˡ
Ȼΰû˵䣬»ᱻСϡ
Ĺ۲죬Сء
֮ǰҽԺŲӵͷͣòԷǸ޲ð븹ı飬ȻĿ
ΰ׹ǻǸ񣬾йɱĸо·ҰⱻҰ޶ˡ
Ϊ˰ָоΰֻܻλԴǿйصǸ档
Ϊ²ţΰ׻һתʵչ𣿡
΢΢ףˣġ
ΰԣסһʵΪʲôҵģСҺѾ˰
˸ӣӶˡ
ΰ׵ĺıˣǻ˭
ǣЦһ˵ڸڣҹȥƲ֪ˡ
ΰ׺˭ˣ·û˹ȥ
ŵʱûϣֻš
ΰײҪſһƾͽȥˡ
ĿⴥװĸŮˣΰ˼룬һʵ贽㣬ôˣ
ת¿Ȼصˡ
ĩˣͣǰڹޣûܼʱϻ㴦飬Ǹ
£ǰкΰȻֶԷû£㲻õǸ
贰˿˵£ΰף˿Ƕܵ㡣
ýûʲô£ǿֱ죿
ҪԸ죬ֱԷҲǿԵġ
ΰ룬ûֱӴӦ˵ԼĹǣֱͦԷģҪһСĳô죿
ΰôһ˵贲ŷȷʵе㼬֡
ǹѾӦ˿Ҫΰֱ
ǸӣӰ϶ܲá
ȻҪӣӰ϶á
Ա֮£ѡľС
ʱһֱԱ߳䵱ȻⱳͻȻڣСһ㣬Ͳˡ
ΰôû뵽Ȼò
Щ꣬ŰͼԽԽҵԽԽɹкܶͼרá
ϧ˺ŹϵȽϺõǼܾ
ɴ˿ɼӦͦ᾵ͷġ
ΰ֪Ըò϶Ϊ
ԸⵢĹֺγ
קסĸ첲ȰûҪǿԼҿһֱ
ЦЦǿ
ΰ׶Դ˴Ϊж۾۶ҪΪʵˡ
״ϲ
Ӧ˸ɴ࣬ʵ˽ġ
λᣬһȨ
Ȼƻΰ׵ҵ滮ֻڴǰżˢһˢڸУ÷˿֪˾͹ˡ
ˮܵķʽȻʱȽϾãǲ˿ĵִ
ˮúãǵCP϶ԽԽ
һΰ칫飬ΰҲڻ̫Ӱ졣
ϱٵĵѼƻϽʵʹӦˡ
˭룬ΰ׾ȻΪСж
ò˵һ֮ϲ
ΰײ֪ǵСžţֱȥʱ򶼻жء
һ߽ᣬΰ׽һ
ˣ˸λ¡
ȴԱϲڼ䣬ΰû贽㣬ڿʼֱɣÿԴһʱ䡣
贵ͷóֱõֻ֧ܣһߵݸΰһѵ㲻ܳǷֿȽϺá
Լƽ⡱谼ˣôʱͱ
£ҲԸԾΰԶ˵㡣
ȻڲԶˡ
һĻΰУڸж֮Щ档
Ϊʲôİ
ζûڣԷòˡ
ڲʱΰֻýɻѹĵף׼صƵʡ
֮Ȱֱ
ΰΪҪֱΡ
ֱûкԤţһĸо
֮ΰ״յͷǰʵඣõ𣿡
õõ
ʧ˿ڳˣ
̣õ㣡
أ绹ھϷ𣿳ô飬Ҫɡ
+1ҿüͶʡ
ͶʵĽɶͥѵĲβ
ΪǸ˺ſ˳VIPһΰˢǸĻʹ˷ŴЧĻмͣˣΰ벻עⶼѡ
ΰɨһ۵Ļݣüæ־ܾúúõģû顣
ǰʱ⣬ֲǾҺġ
Ҳûôɤɳʮ졣
⻰̧۾üͷ˹ȥ
ΰ赭дʵΣ֪ġ
ǵãҽʱ˵ˣΰҪһƣķκܵһ̶ȵˡ
ΰ׼ǳԲǴӣе㲻ˣʢһѩݹȥ
ˣⶫԷκͺá
ƽ£ΰҲû⣬ӹͼֱˡ
ⲻ֪Ķ÷˿̶ʡ
̣ղŸݶ˭ֺƯ
ֻֿµĹԱ
ֿڼڷУ̫ˣ
Ϊʲôû˲ܣûǴΰ׾ȳ𺣵˾ܡ
üһ¥ϵ˼·ȥƬ͸ղֶֻԱһ£ǣ
ΰ׿Ļֱ
ΰͻȻһΪԷǳԶǺˣȥæ
뵽ΰֱóȻжΰ鷳
֮£ֻ˦һ责ʾԷѯʲô
ᣬһʵΰףôˣ
ΰգգ۾ɲЩȣûôǸղŲСҧԼˡ
ʵϣǱĻݾˡ
ⲻ˵򲻾͵ڳ
֪ΰֻҧԼҭţ˿
ܶ˿ΰô˵׷׷Ļ˵ȡ
ΨŷCPۣᵽ˲һϢ
ΰǸӦǾȡ



198 ŬӪҵ 
ΰͫ𾪵ĵĻCP۵ͬһ뷨
ǣǸ㵽ˣ
ǵΰײ̫Ըⷽ飬󲿷CP۾żûǰ裬ǻص΢΢Ⱥ໽С
СûģǺܶ࣬۾ûڴ󲿶ˡ
˵ֱһСʱΰײŲʮӾе֮С
ԭڣЩ˿ʵ̫ܰȰˣĻ쵽塣
ϱǼֱȫûһζࡣ
Ǻķհɡ
뵽ΰЦЦΡ
ΰ˼ʮӣҪЩʲôݵʱȻ
ţԱŲ½½˽
ΰ׸ովͶˣעһӾͱȥ
ΰ׾ͲֱдšҺö֣÷˿̲סЦ
ѽǼûԶˣ
ԭ˧ʱͨһ
̫ˣͲ涼ûǣлȦ츣һչ
Ӷ۾ð̹ˣԷɡ
ռƻΰ״ȸ˿ܲƷٶġ
һһԼͬߴϽԷ
ΰ׶еټϷ˿⣬
贼״ֻýӹͷ˿ְ
ȻΰҲȫ̶ͷԣδ̫ò
ΰÿһˣھͷǰ˿չʾһ£ͬʱϢ
ЩΰײŻᡰءһڳԵ
ʱҽԺԺúȺ˯ãΰױú治˵ҲЩ⡣
ڳԶʱ򣬿ʳ߶رһֻС
һĻڷ˿ȵǷ׷סؿڡ
ΰˣôܿɰ
ҪŮѷ۱ˣ
ǰĽøЦˣ˼ҶĸʣⰮˣ
ΰʵ̫ˣһеĶס
Ҫ裡Ҫ裡
ǸĻΰȵ˼˵ڲԶ
Ҫǰھͷȥΰԣͬһ㵣ͶιĹ
ò㣬ںϵĿͶ˼ֲѺá
΢˵һˣֱʲô
ǵֱСʱ㹻ˣαҪһСʱ
ôʱ䣬ΰ׿϶ۡ
̧һʱ䡣
ˣھȻŹȥʮӡ
˼ҳ˵꣬ڵֱǶꡣ
̶ʮӣӲоʮ͡
ԽԽˬ̲סһ
ע⵽ˣﲻֻҡ
Ϊ˶óǲ˰
Ϊʲôˣ϶ֱֵ¡
ȻֱѾʼˣܲȥϣ˿ѹġ
˼ȥʼ벻İ취ֻͶȥһǸĿ⡣
ûֻǶųԵûޱȵΰס
Ŀ̫ȣΰҪԹȥС
֮£ΰֻƫͷѯʵһֱҸ
ΰ׵ܺöŲߣװԼû⡣
տʼΰΪ棬ָʹɫ
û뵽ȻľͷƵģȫ˼
˼ΰײЩġ
²ǹİɡ
²ĳͬһڵϣʼѿԽԽ
һʱĹ۲죬ΰǲ׽һЦ⡣
˽⣬ԷĨЦġ
˵˾Ц
֪ڶΰ׾Ͱջûٴɹ
ԸⶢͶˣҲٿ⡣
뷨ΰҲûиһ
ڳԷںͷ˿Ӫҵȿ˵൱
ΰ䣬ҪʼʩԷע⡣
ϧҪΰûд˼
ɵӣΰ˿⣬ȻԷǹˡ
㿴ΰǹҲûã˭òԷġ
ûа취ֻܼϣٷ֮󣬻ȥ·ܰλСںá
ȻĻ϶ΰ׵ķ䶼ȥ˵һ˯
ҽԺİʱ䣬ÿ춼ڵҪΰ׽һ
ϴΰòˣûС쵰ء
Ϊڻȥ֮ǰΰףûٶŶԷţʵʵ˷
ΰע⵽ˣһĨɻ
֣ȻôձԷƽɲԸ
ΰԽԽֱ֣Ҳûȥ顣
ΪΰƵƵƫͷȥԺܶ˿ڿʲô
ֱ̣ʲô
оǸӵѩ
ྵˣྵˣ
CPȦвУ
+1Ҫ྾ԼĵྣҪܳӦˡ
һʱ䣬ΨۺCP۳һţĻġ
Ǻ贳棬Žⳡ粨ƽϢ
ΰλˣϲǷϸǣȫ̵ưˡ
һСʱȥΰѾ㲡
ڴ֮ǰô󲻵ֱᱻϷۡ
ھˣбҪͺԺֱܲ;ֱ
ֱ̫ˣҪʱע
²֮ΰ׷ԲĶӣŵе߲·ˣ
״عȥ
ΰƳһۣûĵԷ֡
ĩˣΰ׿˵贽㣬ԺٸҰֱ̫ˡ
ȫ̶ڿţȻ֪ΰﲻˬټҲһֱòӦúúãҾ㰲Ĺ
ȥ·ϣԴϳڰй۲ΰɫ
ΰ²ߣԲ̫ĵӣЩԥҪҪԷ
ΰǲ˵ʱе㵣˵ࡣ
ǲ·Ϻΰף͵üؿշ
ôʱ䣬һ⣬Ҫˡ
ΪԼ룬ƽʵʦ㻹أ
ΰײûɫֻǶӳŵѡ
ӣͦ˼붺Է
ƽûٶš
ǰ飬ΰһθжûС
֮͹ⲻ֨Ǹż
鷢չͬΰϡ
ΰһԣΪԷˡ
ϽΰףóȻǵλСڸӲˣһʱ˾С
ֱصƵ꣬ûܰΰ׺ˡ
״̲ס̾˿
öؿշˡ
пʵͻطϴȥˡ
ԡҳԽԽģŬһѡ
һΰԼء
һ˿룬ΰ׷š
ʱΰ׸ոϴ裬ͷûüɡ
Ǹеżΰ׵ʲôһ߲ͷһ߹ȥš
˭룬վŵĲˣǸӡ
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼôˣ㲻Ͻϴ˯Ҹɽ



199 һԡ 
ԭȼƻǴҸڣȻȥ˵
תһ룬ΰ׿ܲᱻ׺Ūȥ
£ױܾĽڱȽϺá
һΰ׷ûд˼ҹȻƤ̲סߴٵϵҸ㿪ţΪǰ𣿡
عɤӻصǡ
ʲôڽȥʱһȻԺ
ˣ
գգ۾һ˵ҷˮˣһԡҡ
ΪԵòôȲⲹһ䣺𣿡
ΰйƵľʶûлеʵԣʹӦˣаǵôԼϴԡƷ
׵ȥá
ΪΰģٰⲻŽȥƽٶ˸ء
еӣΰﲻɻ
ļУûйǰƣΪʲôһ㶼
ѵˣ
СڽԡҶҪҹζࡣ
ƽĶۣΰΪСˡ
ûиϣڹϣһԷæġ
ΰԽԽ֣סʵǲң
ԣо̫ȼȥŻصûУô㡣
ĩˣǳԡȥٸΰ׷ʵĻᡣ
ΰ׼״϶顣
˽⣬ԷӰֱ̫Ķˡ
ΰĦ°ͣôһ¶Էʡ첻Ϸߡ
ʱԡ׼ϴһȫ֪ΰ׶ˡ
¶ţʮӣŴԡ߳
ΰŲʶ̧ͷȥ
ĿԣЩ飬Ųߡ
ϧΰע⵽ˡ
ΰüװ˵ҹˣûȥˡ
ôû뵽ųΰһʱе㷴Ӧ
عͼΰ׶ţ¶ɢ뿪Ϣ
ļƻδüʵʩȻԸ뿪
ȻѾݲϸϸãɴֱӵ⡣
ç򣬻һԼ˼ʦҳʱǴˣܲһ
⻰ΰЦѾ˼ôһϷΪҷҹ
С˼Щȡ
Ǽʶִˣܿͽ
˻»һ䣺ԩˣûд
˵ǣΰ׿˵һš
ûȥǰ̨þͺˣαҪҹ
֮ǰ˵ˮˣҪϴ裬ڶԷҪˮʮа˾Ǽٵġ
ǣΪʲôӦ֮ȲƵġ
ΰЩƣۿɼزˬ
ע⵽ˣ֪Լ¶ˡ
ҧ˲ϣΰҪͷϡ
Ȼɴ಻ˡ
뷨ֱɵϣƹˤʦôҾͲ˵ˡ
˵겻ΰ׿ڣֵеˣ
£۾
һҾǲҺΡļƣΰ÷һ޴İۡ
ΰߵߣ
޶ԣΰҧҧҪ˯Լķ˯ȥ
Ϊڴװ
С̴ú죬϶ֻҪΰ׾Ͳ
ΰǸС壬ֱܲӰȥɡ
ͬϣΰһ֮£ȷʵקȥ
ȻΰͷϺһҪ飬ͲקԷ
ΰ׳̵ľʹˣ˿ڴϡ
ΰһûܴﵽĿĲ˵Լ۵ùǺͷȫǺ
ۿŶΰ벻С
ΰ׵ɳϣһߴŴһҧгݵܲҪ
ΰûˣ۾һ䣺ǰҪ
⻰˵һ㶼ˮ֡
ǰҪɵĿǳԹ̫ˡ
ǾԲص޵ģ
ס˼ŴͣΰףĳЩĻ档
ʱƣоԽԽȣʼڸˡ
ʿˮĿΰ׷ۺĴϣȾ˼ȡ
ΰһתͷ/֮ɫͫһ
عΰ׼æľ룬¶Է̰븹
һĻЩί
۾ֱΰףʦһ£ǿǸ˵ģ˳İ¡
ΰԣһʵԣ
ֱ׳ӵкͬȨ
ʵ̫ˣΰ֪˵ԷԲڿ֮˷ʱ䡣
ΰùͷִ䷭һ̺ӣɳ׼Ըһ
ǵ˼ͲֱдϣҲǲµСȻóȥ
ΰײöԷԸԳ
һҽǾҪ̫ҵ˶
ҪȥƬϷסԺôʱ䣬жؿ֪
һͷ֪ƵĶǡ
Ҫɿˣعٵ賿ĵճ
뵽ΰᶨԼ˯ľġ
ȻȴԸ⡣
ΰ״ɳ˯һԲƿ´ߵɳϡ
ΰ׸оͷһƬ߱סˣϽߵʱ˾ͻȻڿˡ
·ͻȻΰûһ˿׼Ӧ
Ѿӵϣѹ¡
ΰʶ첲ȴٹͷѹڶߣҲǱԷǿзֿ
֮ܶ֫ȫסˣ˶á
ΰû취ֻͼ
ϧĹĵ͸һֻ׵Сèࡣ
˿ɰвԿԡ
ǣЦһ˵ʦԹԴڴ˯
ôһ˵ΰ׵ˣ붼û;ܾҲҪ
۾ЩãҪҲҪ
ΰЦˣǰԵܲˣ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰ־ԷҪǸҰӲϹԺͱˡ
ȻûҪӲϹֻΰ׺һ˯ϡ
ʱɫ/ջͲΰײġ
Եΰ׿µñӣͼæΪԼСڣô㡣
ΰЦңʲô
ܲѹҴɡ
α
ۿΰԽ˵ԽףɴסԷ죬ʡöԷੲݡ



200  
ΰԭΪ֮ǰֻŻ
û뵽˸£Ҫѹڴһ֮ġ
ΰǳ׻ˣŤ
ֻǾΰ̫ҪסԷ컻徻
˭룬ΰ׵ķӦȻ˼ҡ
һע⣬ûѹסԷȡ
ΰ׵Ȼָ֮ĵһ¾Ǻݺ
·ͻȻûκ׼ͱΰ˸š
봲߲ûֱӱ´ȥ
תͷΰ˫֮ɫŨŨĴܸϮͷ
벻ףΪʲôΰһ㶼
ΰôŶǸ˰
ѵƵ̫öԷѹȸˣ
뵽̾˿ƿ´ԼϢ
ΰ׵𣺡㡭
˵ȣΰס㡱˰춼ûģתͷȥѯʣ˵ʲô
ΰԣҧҧ¶Щᡣ
Σΰ¶Ŀڣȥˣ
סƬ̣һĨ⣬Ȼ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬֵʲôߣǸɴ಻ߣ
һ⣬ΰɵˡ
ĵ˵ΰ׶֪Լôġ
Ƥ⣬ˡ
ߵ˸ɴ䣬ˡ
иڣ϶ΰףѳ
ϧֻΰ߸ԭ
ΰ׳˼֮ʣȵЩˣٴοڴƽ֣ȻȥˣϢ
⻰һΰ˲عʶһ£
ͣ½ŲﰵЩڴҲߣǲǿΪң
ΰ⻰͸˲β͵èƵģµëըǣ
Ϊ˵ΰ׻𼱻Ǳ´һһߴߴٶԷҲû㣬
ڴ֮ǰ˵ֻ̽
ΰ׵ķӦоԼ˳ɲ˶Է˼
Ҫ֪ΰֻС˼˴ŻᷴӦ˼ҡ
룬ⷢһЦ٩ʦ߳ŭ˰
ĩˣΰ׿ڵǰһ룬ü۴ЦؼȤԷֲʲô˵¡
ΰ꣬ɺ࣬ҲûУ飡
ûΰЩͬѰķӦ˶Է˵Ļ
ڼʶˣ϶ΰ׿ķǡ
ҪȴҪϡ
һôʱ䣬Ȼ֪ΰƤر𱡣ż˿ǻҧ˵ġ
šԵͷԭûٵ٩Էǻص£Լ˱
һϵвΰֱĿɿڴ
˭ܸոǸҪߵΪʲôͻȻıˣ
ΰװٵò⣬ֲȥ
£ΰֻܽʱѹĵףעתƵ¡
ڳƣҪҹ
Էֻǵ˯ΰ׵Ȼû
Ǿѹڴ֮;öԷﲻǵ˯ô򵥡
⣬ǲӣ
ʵųⷽ飬ϾôŶǸˡ
ҪϷǸ˾ͲɿڵĴӣйŪιȥǰơ
Ҫǣôʱ䣬ܶʱϵĿⶼ̫ѰöԷ⼸۾ð̹⡣
£ΰȻҽ̬
Ҫ֪ʱǰѡôߡˡ
ΰ׳˼֮ʣ֪ڰд
ΰ׵ıԽԽ࣬״̬Ȼ̵ǱһֱߣŽĶɤۡ
ûжֵ鷢չȥΰ׻Īеĺڹ
սԿʦʮһˣҪ𣬻Ϣ𣿡
ôһΰ׶ʱع֪ˡ
ߵߣΰ׶ȻͣסŲ˫ֲƵ԰ҵķ䣬ڳһ̬ʲô
˵겻ڣΰ˵һ䣺˯ԣֻǵ˯ף
ھͻԼȥ
һ춼ҪϷûϹ֡
׼ΰô˵ǻź
ϧôõҹ
ΰǸС쵰
ס˼쳣ɴӦҲֵġ
ʱЭ飬ΰŷߵЬӣһ˹ϣӹסԼ
ǰ֮ΰZϫFꠡҡٰѹ£û취Թű˯ڱ߱ϡ
һͻȻϮףҲܹѡ
ΰΪС˼صúܺá
Ȼֲɵӡ
⸱ͲֱдšԶ㡱ĸֵӣôܿ
ۿʱԽԽҪϢԵĿλҲ㡣
ΰ׷˸۾ֱ鲻̫ʵļٵģ
̫Ѩͻͻֱֻ˿סͷĲˬȻġ
ĩˣⲹһ׷𣿡
֤ΰ𽥷½䱸һŲԷԵλá
Цãб۾ʡСûĵĶ롣
ΰ׼״һ
װ˯ǲȫи
ֱĺƽ˳ʮйɣΰȷԷ˯ˡ
õ񾭣ǵԷ
ⲻ֪˯ȥ֮ǸΪ˯ŵˣȴ۾
ΰ񾲵˯գЩȫɢˡ
һΰ׵ЦԷıһ㳶
Ϊĳΰףȫ̶ϵĶòᡣ
òװ˴ӱڳ΢˵㾢Լ
Щ±۾ͻһ硣
ڶ죬ΰǱӳѵġ
ֻһʱ䣬ΰ׾û磬
֮ǰΪȫû취Ѿһѡ
𴲴ˡ
أΰû𴲵˼͹ȥѵСڣˡ
ΰ⻰µһţ˯
˵˽أ
ΰ벻ˡ
۾ΰ״һĹǷŸͷ˴Ь߽ԡҡ
ǵӰεҡҡͷ
ΰ׻һֻС
ʱԡϴΰ׻֪ԼˡСĳƺš
۾ϴϣΰǳѹˡ
߳ԡңΰŵƮʳζʶһ䣺С͹ˣ
šһֵԵľͲۣС
֪ȫԼԵģΰסءһ˹ȥ
ΰ׸СƵģ϶˼εЦ



201 Ŭ츳ǰֵһ 
ΰ׳ԹͣͬһǰƬϷ
ھƵ꣬ǰʱѻĹ
Ϊ˰ûϷΰ׵Լھ裬ǰСʱ׼Ϥһ¾籾
ûӣ˺֡
ΰʶ̧ͷȥֻ½߹
ϴҽԺɢľΰЩڡ
ڴ֮ǰ½ĻΪԷĲϲˣŷĵغͶԷ
Ȼ½֪ϵı֣֤˶˼˵⡣
ΰײ½δˣȻû취ǰ̹Ȼ
òԵЦЦ֮ΰ׾͵ͷľ籾
½״ﰵһá
ϴҽԺ̫ΰײԾˡ
Ϊѵݼΰߣνǽʾ֭
Ȼ䣬һԺ
½΢˼ɤӵʦʱҺ˵¡
˵ϣΰҲþֻܾܽߴӾ籾Ųʲô£
ʵ½Ѿ׼ˡ
ǵΰĿ֮ʣȴֵߵĻȻ˵
ΰ׵һԼ֮½ֹֺ
ʲô龹Ȼ½
Ҫ֪½ƽͦġ
ΰװ˼⣬ʵںô£ֱѯʶԷ½Ҫ˵ʲô£
½ԣһűԼΥĵǰһıס
ΪӿŶȣ½òλϢҵֱϵѧܣڹѧǻʶģϲҺܶꡣ
ӢѪеŮԸر塣
˵µ˶ˣһ⡣
ˣտرءлĻ϶ϲ㡣
ΰÿνǴ۾
𾪹ΰЩΣͬʱرûȰ˵½Ҫ˷ʱ䡣
£ԻεͷƤ飬ýָͷ۳һǱ
ΰ׻عһζֲʧò΢Цϲѵ
½ڴţΰ׵֪ܱ֮ķӦ
һ㲻ˣûϣ
˭룬ΰ׾ȻľͷƵġ
˵ǲˣЦеף
½ףУ׽ӡ
ΰ׼״ɻ֮ЩţɫͻȻôѿΪ˵𣿡
½룬ΰôҪˣ˵׼ᱻԷƭˡ
ΰ׵˽⣬ΰ׶ƭΪ̶Ⱥܵ͡
һΰ׷νѣʵΪԼ˼鹹ģ϶øϾ
½ֻѸٻЦݣ»һ䣺ûУɫΪûϢá
½˵һΰΪ棬ûٶʡ
ΰţȻ½ѣ֤δˡ
ζ½֪ʱļҷӦֻǳѵĺɸ֡
ϸ룬ʵҲܹ½̫ţҪ־͹ǰ̫΢ˡ
½ڹѧ֪жҡ
ΰ̾˿һʱпǧ
½̾Ϊΰ׻ûȫģľһȥ
½˼ΰѻԲȥʱΰ˵һ䣺ҪҪ˵٣
½סƬ̣һ٣Ъһͺˡ
ΰ׵ͷаɡ
ĩˣΰ籾˻˵Ҫ̨ˣԼȥɡ
½ת֮ʣȻһ顣
иƬ˵ݸȥȵա֮áڶڳﱸС
ΪͶ˼Ƭ֮һ˸פαλá
ԭȼƻ½ǲȥġ
֪иΪյۡĶˡ
ΰһμգܲܳ˵ϢԷ
һ棬ΰ׵CPҲ
ԺΰԸˣǹͻСܶࡣ
δ½ɤӣʦһ¡
ΰ̧ͷЩȣеడ
½ͷЦдżֺãһˡ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬ½ԹԵģ֮áڶڳﱸУƬҷ롣
ûμӹսĿ
֮⣬һ㣬ûⷽ򡣡
ΰϸһ¡
ϱӣռֱòˡ
ǵڶ˵ȫ֪Ϊ
ܶѾõԱĿһڷмαȫӭҵĵڶ
Ǽפα͸˵ˡ
Сż˶СԱһԱ
һԽӵ˵ӰԴȫõը
иαһɳ죬ӵӰڶ˫Ӱ۵Ľ
뵽ΰ˵Ķ϶Ǽٵġ
Ͼӣûùһ˾Ľ
˶ĽǿΰȻҲ⡣
ΪԼļ룬Ӱˣ½Ŀĳפα˭
֪ϱӵļפαûڣΰһĨȡ
λǡöӦ½
һͲ˱λˡ
ΰ׾͵ͷӦˣҰѾ˵ķʽ㣬ýĿǱߺ̸ɡ
½ԣϲͷԡ
Σ½ŻعǴƵЦ
õΰ׾˵ӷʽ½ͽƬƼݣöԷζҪǩΰס
ΰײ֪½̣رлԷæ³֮Է
½µʱ򣬾ûҪΰ׵ı
ΰԷ½˵û¶ϲõϢ
ҪǵȻҪϷ½ȥҫһ¡
˵ˣ½ΰҪ̨ʣûٴŶԷ
ΰ׼״ͽת˾籾ϡ
ΰױ̨ڼ䣬СĹԱ½½ˡ
һСʱȥʽ㿪ʼ
ΰ׸һʱûϷԪҵӦѾNG׼
û뵽ΰײһιݼ֮ǰ˽
ԪɰǧԱɱΰ׸𾪵ˡ
ϲáүͷԡԱ츳о仰Ѿΰˡ
ΰֱǡү׷ιԡ֡
гϢʱԪΰ׵ļο֮ŸпСЩϷѹ
ΰЦЦЩ˼صˣұغܶǰԶء
ԪֱӷǫǺ£̫ǫͲˣݼȦϵһݶˡ
ĩˣԪָпȻŬ츳ǰֵһᡣ
ΰɵˡ
Ԫҽô£֮ʷϡ
ѵԪҾͲƮ
ΰ룬Ǹǫ̬̫ˡ
ۿԪһҪٿ䣬ΰ׻µļƤҪðˡ
ûԼݼôֵÿ佱



202 óԸ 
ò˵֮áƬЧ൱ߡ
ΰ׵ڶϷտûӣͺͺϵˡ
ڡ֮áⲿյһ̫𣬺ܶ๫˾˶Ǽפαλã˵Ѿͷĳ̶ȣвЩӰӰ
͵ºյĿʱ򣬾ֱסˡ
Ҫ֪ΰ˵ûõóֵĴ˵кĽ
£Ǻ״ڸ߲ɵͲ͵״̬
û뵽ΰϺʲôħ׶εĸЧӦȻӰ졣
硶֮áնԼ
Ǵ˵СС쿿쿿
ĿǱ߸ĺͬ϶ͷĲ롣
ܺ贺ǾȣѸٺƬö˺
ΰڶϷʹСҿе֪Ϣ
СһߵˮһСп֮áĽĿ̫ˣ֪Ϸȥǩͬ贽Ǳʱ鲻˰ѺͬĹˡ
ΰԣһĨȣȷʵġ
֪ĻΪʲô󿧡
ҪأΰܶҪƮˡ
˵Դ˾ӣҵƽ˳ࡣ
һǧСɽ֮ϣܹЩ鷳ˡ
ǰЩ£ΰ׻ûü²ۣͼԪҾרȺɻˡ
ΰٻס˼Ųɿȥ򳡡
½˵һϷűϾûϷˡ
ûȲؾƵϢڵԱߵλãھͷǰΰס
ݿе֪ΰ׾ѾӦͲǩͬⲽ̣½վ
ԪҳھУ·һϣȫעⲻ
ֹԱˡ
ΨǼ½ȽϽģһ
иŮˣסؿСԹ½ʦôͻȻվˡ
½ţ²۲ûвˣһЦлصǸ
ĩˣ½ûٸֱϷ·ᷢΰס
ΰȫϷˣûע⵽ڶš
ֱԪڶϷΰŷһԼϵĿ쳣ȡ
տʼΰΪ͵ˣû
־òԾΪʱĹѳɽˣԷӦھƵӰӵ㴦Ŷԡ
ѵ˽ۻˣ
ĳ²⣬ΰתͷȥ̽
ڴ֮ǰ½ΪúܣΰΪһϷ׼ӦòᷢĿ̽
˭룬ΰ׾ȻͻȻѡ
½ûκ׼һʱȻӦ
عѾΰ׵ץ
Ŀԣ½ʶЦݣڸסеĻҡ
ͬʱڷתӣͼһڡ
ԼǱƼ˵Եʣˡ
½籾߹ȥµʦոϷʱж籾һϷݲ̫⣬㡣
㣬ּæ;һ
Ϊȷʲôʱпգֻһֱ㡣
ΰЩھʧˣֱӹңûϵġ
˵겻½ڣΰʣһ⣿
½׼ñھ籾˱ǣÿָǸ˵
ΰ׽ӹ籾ɨۣڸ΢һ²ݸ壬Ϳʼ½
½ڸԼ˼ΰ潲ʵ̫ˣ̲ססԷ
͵ΰ׽ŽţȻоЩԾ
̧ͷһ½ճյؿʿˮ
ΰüͷɫѵ½ҪҸ㽲𣿡
½عָž籾ǵʦڸһϷҵһ¡㲻ǲζţҶϷյò
ΰɨ۾籾ٽ½ղŵı飬¶ΣǸˣݵúܺá
⻰½֪Բȥˣһ
½ļţ϶ֿƲסԼԺΰ׸ǣʦſ籾ɣһؾƵϢȥˡ
ΰ׵ͷʱ˲٣ȥɡ
½ǰ飬ҪӰˡ
ʵϸ룬˼Ҷˣôܻϲ
֮һϲңȻ
Ժɽ룬ƽȥ½Уʡ¼Ρ
ΰ²˼䣬Ͱγѹĵףע·Żؾ籾ϡ
ڳʵУʱ൱֮졣
ΰ׻ûʲôоһôȥˡ
ǵΰ׸մҽԺԪҾûԷҹϷ
һΰٳʲô£ǾԻᱻֱӶˡ
Ҫ֪ԸŹǣΰм˵üĽ
ΰײ̫ߣԪæĶԷȰСΣȱ֤иǣڽʱúϷȥϢɡ
ԪҵȰ˵£ΰײòһҹϷͷظ
صƵ꣬ΰˢ߽ȥŵʮ߹һӡ
ΰ״δĳ棬ֱſڡ
Σΰ׻عоԼҲǣҲǡ
ҪǴкߣ
ΰ׾ôʱڿˣҵİ¡
⻰һ᰺شͷһ˺á
ܻ쵽λãȻҲɵġ
λܹܡˣʹΰ׵ݹ·
ź˺á
ΰһò΢ЦǺá
ƵᣬʵͻŵòС
ΰ˿Ųͷäһ
붺ΰţƼԷ۾еˣֻôԭȵͷ
ΰ׵˽⣬ѡװɵ㶣Է϶ܴ
Ϊ˽ܹΰһ˯ԥĻ͵ɡ
߹һˣһñӻ졣
ͬʱȫϣԺΰ׾ǿῪһʱ
һҵ񲻴Ƿʲôһ
ʱǵŵΰ׸ոջ
ղ߳ܵһĻΰ׾һôҷ￪᣿
صѰ칫Ķˡ
˵Ȼΰһϲ磬ҵķ䣡
ίǰסһİ
ôһ˵ΰײȷʵ
һʱ䣬ΰЩͱȡˡ
ΰ׳Ĭһżھ飬˶ӣָйл˽
Էģⰲź˷Ա
۹л˽ֻҪ㲻ᱻץ
ܿԷ˰ɣ
˵ϣΰҲپܾεص˵ͷԸ𣿡
ΪҪĥһΰ׾ôӦˣе㷴Ӧ



203  
ɵ㶵ӣΰ׺ȻЩΡ
ƽǲǶ̫ˣڴӦһҪöԷ˳
ҪԺõ㣿
ΰ׳˼֮ʣع˶ɢϲõϢ
뵽ΰô׾ʹӦҪǻ֮⡣
⣬ԵӦǲԶˡ
ԽԽˣһЦ
ΰЦʶ̧۾ʵЦʲô
ɤӣûʲôǸˡ
Ц÷·ҵɵӣΰеֶ˼֣ڰɡ
ЦЦû˵
Щ˵̫û˼ΰûвҲͦõġ
Ϊҹζ࣬õ֮󣬾˰Ķȫߡ
һԺΰִԷԼȥҲԶȫΪŲߡ
ΰײ֪С̣ڴڼ仹Էʰһ·
״üæãžͺãһϷ϶۲ˡ
жȫڹ˺ôһűסӿЦ⣬Ϊһ˵ţȥԻԣ
ΰ룬ԡ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰ˵һ䣺ЦЦɣŶ岻á
˵ģΰײܺһסǶôҵ顣
ӣǻɻ
˵ĵ㾿ﰡ
ܾòֹǱϵô򵥡
ΰװ˼⣬ֲȥ
Ϊΰ׿Ըо
ԸĻͲЦˡ
ΰ˵˲ñסЦ̫Էע⣬ɴš
ΪԼתעûͣҪϵʽԺͻǱ߹ͨ
ΰûһ۵ûţɳϱĿ
ò˵Ǵôá
ͻ긺˴绰ΰǱ⡣
ҪǶӶˣֵûгԷֱ˯ȥˡ
ΰƾ־֧Ŷʮӣõ
ȥȡ͵ʱΰ׾˱ˮλԴͼԼһ㡣
ΰ׳Դʵʲô
ΰһģǵǺЦԼ˵ҪԻˣ
ѣΰ£ŶҶʧˡ
Ƽΰ۳۵ҪҺ;Ǳ߹ͨһ£һ첻Ҫ㰲ôϷݣ
ΰԣ붼û;ܾˣҪΪѾ˰µʱ䣬ٸˡ
룬ǲ¾ʽ𲻹
˵겻ΰ׿ڣԹԵȱҸ
飬ΰײûͬǰжһرհģʽҾʵʵϷ
ΰ׵ļ£ѡòаɡ
˵꣬ͰѸոýļӲ𿪡
ţĹư裬ʳϣԼһССĻ¯ȫȡ
˺ϵİװҪﵹֱͻȻðë׵СԴ㰡~
⻰ЩЦ˵Сڣûʼء
Ǿ͸Ͻ󰡡ΰʿˮӺܺʱ˵طˡࡱĽ
ϡΣΰϵĿԼûֵĳ硣
ΰߣӼ롰ս
Э֮£ܿͰжŪˡ
ֻҪϣŹտͺá
ʱƣţ͹ζڷÿ䣬˵൱Ե
֮£һʹ״ڸоҪࡣ
տ֮ΰ׽ӹһڲŷֱһζ
ΰһߺһ߰棬ҵʹе㶫
²ˣûüƷʵ𣿡
ΰ׵ͷǰͺܶĲһ
ĩˣΰҨһ͵ߣ
عھȣлл
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼӸƽܲ
˵ĵĬĬȵߵٽӻ
֪Ϊʲôһ۲ӣΰܸоԼ۸Է
ĵǴ֮£ΰ׸ʢһ룬ȥҪԷеĿӺʳģЩˣȥɡ
⻰һˡ
ԴǷûмΰôʱ
ȥǲºˡ
ֱϵڱҪס
ΰ˵꣬ﲻ̲סѵҡ
ݹȥ
һعˣЩƮ
ΰӣǰÿصңΰ׶Ϊϴ
룬ʱҸ
ϧԼӽˮˣڸв֪
ΰԸٸһλᣬҪˡ
þ޷԰֮ʣΰ׵˳
ûΰ׵Ļʹչȥʵղź˵ʲô
ΰ׷˸ۣÿһ˵ȳԡ
ͷһŷԼﲻ֪ʲôʱ˼ţ⡣
ʶΰ׼нģ۵ӿֳЩж
ԺٺΰסСûġˣǸСް
ˣΰСֹһ䣺һôֵֹģԴҩˣ
˵Ի·һ£ΰ׺ܿͷ˼£עŵ˻ϡ
ΰ׳Σٷûǰչе²˺ͼв˵ְ
տʼЩ֣̿ΰ׾ֻùԹԴˡ
һٷʰϵĶشȥΰʵʦҪĦ𣿡
ΰԣǳ鴤һ£ʲôʱ򿪷ҵˣ
һҵ㿪ţ֮ǰһֱڱ״̬С
˵ɷ£ΰ鲻ŶԷϷ
ΰûб̬һżʹߴٵҪ𣿡
šףͷ͵Ļԭΰ׾϶Էȥôշѣ
˼״Ƭ֮صֻһǼɡ
ΰЦüһű˼Ҷƭƣƭɫ
æûƭɫǼҾôշѵġ
ΰ׳°˼һŴȥаɡ
Ƽΰϣ˵üۼЦ⡣
ΰ׺棬һ߹ȥһ߶λˣȥɺãҪ׼һ¡
ΰС죺ûͦô¡
Լӵʱ䣬ΰ׸о߰ȥתͷȥһۡ
ֻڴߣһƿ͡
ΰ˼룬׼ûͦ֡
΢Ц׵ģҿǵõļʦ
ΰƲƲ죬ǵ²ֻһλʦ



204  
΢Цϲˡ
ΰԣ˼룬³תͷʵн𣿡
һصѸʱӡ
⻰һΰ¶ӣ
ף֪Ƽʦǰշѵġ
ΰǳ鴤һ£üͷ˵Ǻڵ꣬Ҫȥ̾־ٱ
ԣЦһ˵˼˽˷񣬲ڹֵ̾ĹϽΧ֮ڡ
ΰüžûܹס¡
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰſشϵɣҸһ½Ƽʦļ
šһƿĸšһ־ϡ
Ⱦ͵ͬʱѵλˣȰ·ˡ
ΰסƬ̣عһʵֻ»ȫµ·Ҫѵ
˳ΰ˵ĻԺĳ˶ԷŴƵĻ档
һʱ䣬ЩԳ
Ϊڸ̲סʿˮԸеĺ֮¡
ϧΰڱûƼһĻ
ס˼صȫѵ
ΰ⻰̲סڼٹ˽
ĦҪѵȫ·
ôû˵
ûռĽڡ
ΰ׾ôſ뿴ʹʲô
ְѾͼϣΰ׻ûжʹߴٵλˣҵĹϽѵ·лл
ΰսԿѽҺȻеˣҪȲˣֱ˯ɡ
һ⻰ͼˣʦҰѶ׼ˣҲˣ
ĿߣΰײЩ飬ңⲻ
˵Ҫ
Ȼΰ׵ķӦٶȵ˵㡣
Űѱͷͱһѿס
ţСһ˴ӱק
ȫ̲ӵʱ䣬쵽ΰ׸Ӧ˾Ѿ
ΰ׻عæĵҾһ˵˲С˹ҪҼƽвУ
ǣ֪ʣҷ
ΰҧҧס۵ĳ嶯ǿмһЦݻصǰ
ΰױģеɰ˶һԷͷȻȰ̬Ȱڳ
ΰ˿òײסһٵĳ嶯̬Ȼ𣿡
šһƺͺ⡣
⻰ΰƲƲƺʲô⣿ѵ㲻
ֱΰ׵۾ʵ֮䣬㲻ֱ̫𣿡
ΰЦʵôҸƣ
ף𣿡
ΰױֻ˵˵ȫûӦ
Ҫֱ֪Լġ
ǰϲʱ򣬵Էơ
ʱһ죬ͱԷܾˣҪЩֵֹĶ
ӴԺΰ׶ֱӺԷ֡
ǰ飬ΰ׾һˬصⲻҪ𣿡
ΰѣȷʵҪ
֪ڼصȥԼơ
ⶼɵʲô°
ڵˣ
ԽԽڣ˼ΰҪˡ
ԭΰ׺Ϲ
ڷ˵ǺϹˣΰײȥˡ
뵽˪ӣһӾյˡ
ΰˣ⿪ʵλҪҸ𣿡
̾˿۵׵İûڶҪΪʵӿˣˣҲ䡣
ΰţӦòˣſش˵ҰĦɡ
뵽Щɧΰⲹһ䣺þͣôҰɡ
ȵףڶѾȥˣֻܼṩ
Ⲩνǡ͵ʴס
Ϊ˿ǿҪþֻͣðϵľͲȥԡϴһ顣
ЩſʼΰװĦ
ΰԭΪֻ˵˵ѡ
˭룬Ȼһף쳣ˬ
ΰ̫ǿܿͱ÷ֵĽ
ңŴ
ƽʱôΰ׿϶ע⵽һ仯
ڱϾ˼ûֶԷ
ֱͣ˶յ߼͵˵ܱܲ𷢳ң
˿˵һ䣺ԾͲҪò
ΰ˼룬ڵһ±ͨ죬Σ෢̵Ķ䣬СΪԼ⣺ֲǹġ
֪ΰײǹģʵڱòҪ̲סˣò桱һ¶Է
ΰĪ˿ۺڹﲻЩί
ٸĦԸҧҲһˡ
ûЩϰߡ
ϸ룬徲Щٶ롣
ʵʵΰװĦˣѯʶԷоôʱ򣬾ͼµѾ˯ˡ
״һĨȡ
ûǴΰ׸տʼͦš
Ӧ֮˯ȥˣ
ΰ񾲵˯գһ¶Էϵ⣬΢΢˵С
£ɵΰԣһıӸϣŶԷһ硣
ΰһоԼһĸ첲ʶ˶
û첲ŲԷͼӴȣ§ظˡ
ΰ׻ͷɨһۣŷԼ˯һϡ
ѹüǿеᡣ
ΰͷ棬óֻһʱ䡣
ˣΰĬ
Ҫϴˣɿ
۾Щʵɼ𣿡
ΰ׵һμ˫°Ͷˡ
һΰ׻عаɣӡ
ΰףڶԷľѴֶ
èƵģΰ׷һ޴İۣ
ͷ̧ҪȥһŻⲻץʱ׽һ¡
ҪΪˣΰ׶Ҫ˶ԷĹ
ûʲôֵ£ΰײͶԷľԲˡ
Ӻܿȥΰһ̣ע⣬һƿԷ
ţ´Ьܴ߳ԡϴȥˡ
ΪͻȻΰͶൽķϳԵġ
ȥƬΰ׸£ͼ½һ߳һʵʦͬյ𣿡
ΰҡҡͷŵء
½ΰԣЦеҪʦˣָ̡
ԵֲЦˣο½̬ڵô͡
ҪǲԷΰ϶˵ȥ
Ǵס½־͸ɿ˵ġ
û뵽ֵǰһ̣½Ȼס֡
·ͻȻΰЩӦ
عֳС


205 ͬ
ΰ˼룬üͷʵ½Ҫ
½ԣ·ŻعƵ˵˼ո飬е㱡
Ļ£Ͱΰ׵ɿˡ
ʵϣ½ǹġ
ƽʱҲŻΰ׽ںòȻŹ
ȻϲܳϾˡ
½ΪС˼صúΣȴ˸ϲ
ΰһ̧ͷͷˡ
½˵Ѿѵ£ΰײЩθ
ĵ˵½˶ϣԷûѣ̫ˡ
ΰ˿ַڱ󣬡´ע⡣
ĩˣΰֵҾûû´Ρ
½ԣɫЩѿʦֲŮӣôӰɣ
½˵ΰ׿˵ȫͬô˵ġ
ѵˣӦñȱ˱Ӹһ㡣
λʲôӣҲ˽⡣
ҼλǸ̳ӡһˣҵǵöΰ
һ˵ᣬǱŵϣ͵ô𡣡
ΰԽ˵ԽͰԱŲŲ֮ľ롣
½״Ƶò³һѪ
֪Ͳñһѡ
½ԭţ˵ԼѣԽ˴ΰ׹ǣöԷĺ
û뵽龹Ȼݱɡ͵ʴסľ档
½ڼֱڵóӶˡ
ϧ˵ȥĻͬóȥˮû취ջˡ
Ϊ˲ΰ׷У½ֻǿһЦݻصҿǲܡ
ΰ׸о½ֵֹģͶԷҪ̨Ϊֹⳡ졣
£½ֻﰲοԼ
ɽڣûա
ֻҪΰײͻлᡣ
ⲻ֪һʼ˾Ǹ֡
ΰһϷжױͼС߹ʦӦþ贽˵ĺͬ
С˵꣬һݽΰס
ΰ𿪿Ƭ˶ӣϢǰ͸¶ȥ
Ͱѿһһ˵ϳٲ𡣡
СҵͷȷʵĸƤò
ΰ׽˱ķ𿪿һȻǡ֮áĺͬ
뵽½ǣŴߵԴΰԷղֵֹľٶǩ֮ʱЩԥ
һ½Ժ˵£Ҫˣ
ΰ˼룬վȲǩͬ
ȵչ˾Ƶ꣬㡣
һǩԼ֮áǰ·ʡöԷԺ֪ˣҪⷢӡ
ΰ׳Թ緹³˼Ȧʳͻرķ˯ˡ
ڽʱȽϽױʦûΰͷϵͣá
£ΰûϢȫ̶ǿڳϡ
ԼʮӣСҹȥóʦȥױˡ
ΰ۲ˣͲ
СҼ״ֻüó
ոȥİűΰϷݱ磬νй֮޲
ΰҪˣȣɾͲˡ
뵽Сó
СҵĲиŬ£ڳɹѡΰס
ΰ۾üͷýģͲֱдšҺܲˬĸ֡
ǸտʼʱСһһ
ΰߴˣԷöδӣѾʮֵˡ
Сˮëΰڳϴһ£ָԷϲĲݮζǣ֪ˡ
ʵϣȷʵͬСϡ
ΰ׳˿ǲãɢòˡ
ȥױ䣬ΰӶûȣͼױʦ𼱻ܽҵĹԹԣոȥ㣬˵ˣָϽܹˡ
ΰ˼룬Щȣȥ˱ķǱ𣿡
ױʦͷ԰Źȥ㻯ױһ˭֪ôڿ죬ˡ
ΰЦЦˡ
˼䣬ױʦʱ䲻ˣ𹤾߸ɻˡ
ΰˣӻױʦָӣŶԷĽߡ
ΰ׵Ӻãû覴ãһֱʡˡ
Ҫѷɫһ£ϸױԼױ
ðСʱΰ׵ױȫˡ
ܿ죬гԱѯʣʦ߿׼Ҫˡ
ΰ׵ͷˣҺһȥɡ
һϷΰΪû˯״̬еɱNG
Ԫע⵽ˣλСʲô⣬ͰѶԷʵСΣ岻𣿡
ΰҡҡͷûвеͷ۶ѡ
Ԫ⻰ΰ׵忪ЦҪŰ٣ؾƵϢǰʱ˻ûȫָ
飬ΰ˵Ķ϶Ǽٵġ
뵽ԼסԺǶʱ䣬Ѿµ̣ͰĶĸоסˡ
ΰףˣֲرأûҪ١
ԪһȰΰ׾бҪתƶԷעͻһת˵˸ղǳϷ
һԪҸоЩطȷʵͰѱ纰˹
ղźΰݶϷԱ״ΪΰҪϷǻޡ
ԱԶѾˣ񶼴ڲ²״̬
˵ɣÿҲһϷ浱Ļ壬һҷۡ
Ҫ˵ɣֺǿ
·֪ݵĽɫȴ֡
֮ܶԶݵһЩɫνǸģɡ
Զμˡ˼ţɫϳһ塣
˵ϣҪѲ²״̬
Զ֮ǰΪԪҵľ飬ͲϼϷֶĵ顣
û뵽ΰƽˣξȻĶ籾
Զ̵顣
չ֮Զصסͺ²¡
˸飬ָ磬Ҫˮعȥ
Զɴ۾ˣܡ
һη壬Ϸȣǻ˵ˣ
˵ˣֲ³˺
ˣҲҵġ
Ҫ˵ˣпչЩС¡
Զ룬ȷʵⲻǸˮҲ¡
ȻҾȥϵˣ
Զҧҧȥɡ
һߣΰ״źͬصƵ꣬ھô˵¡
˽⣬ԷҪ֪Դ½ģ϶ᵱѴ̳Ӵ򷭡
Ǹ棬ΰ׾ͿʼͷƤˡ
Ҫ˵ѱ֣ء
ΰ׾һ˼֮վʵʵ˵
Ϊ¼ΰ׽ȥ֮ǰʵûڿɣ
ûС
ΰŷȥ
ΰƣ룬ֱߵĹԷ˱ˮݹȥ
ΰ׽ӹڣͰѡ֮áĺͬݸ
ɨۣЩãȻݺͬʲô


206 ͬӦ 
ΰ׼ش𣬾ͱͻȻϡ
ͳֻһֻĻмʾš½֡
֮̽ɫΰͷ֮Щš
½Ҫǳˣ˵ЩֵֹĶҪ군ˡ
뵽ΰײ˹ҵ绰ͷ
Ȼΰһ뷨ûüж̥ˡ
Ϊѡ˽
ˣ򿪡
ΰûа취ֻע£ӲͷƤڣ½ʲô£
½ԣЩе˵㻹ûѺͬĻȥûǩ𣿡
ΰȫû½ǩûǩͬе㷴Ӧ
ֱ첲һ£ΰγѰգգ۾
ĩˣΰսԿصǰôˣ
½ʦԭ𣿡
ǽĿǱ߸û⣿
ǽĿļα㲻ϲ
ĬƬ̣ΰɤӣǡ
ע£ΰ˵һ䣺һ
⻰һ½ֱס
ֿܣΨû
ӡΰײ˵Ըǹϵ顣
ΪʲôҪ
½˼⡣
½ҪҪʵʱΰٴοڣһҪæûʲôµĻҾȰѵ绰ˡ
½æȵȣ
½˲þᣬֱʳΪʲôҪֲľˡ
ΰԣ¶ֲڡ
棬Щǲ˵
Ҫ˵ΪԴףԷβͿ϶
״̬¾ѾڵˣɲöԷ
Ȼ˿϶ͷųԵøɸɾ
Ǹΰ׾Ѿʼˡ
УԲܸᡣ
뷨ΰ׺ǻصôΪʲôǵһ¡
ΰ˵꣬ûٸ½ڵĻᣬѸٹҶϲֻ
ֹֻܷ
״ǵ٩̽˵һ䣺ôй𣿡
ΰǳ鴤һ£ϴʻصôܡ
ΰֻ糣طỳɡ
ǻ֣֤Լ׵;вè塣
ԭΰÿʱ򣬶᲻θҽΪԼԲ
˼֮ʣΰΪԷԼ˵ǣ衣Ϫơ٤ﲻϲ
Ȼϲ˼ӵʱ䣬ͱơ
ȻǾͺ˵˵ݺͬôİɡ
Ѿ裬ǵ֮̽ɫ۾̲סһ¡
ӣֱͷƤ飡
ΰױЩ飬ںӣԭǵѸͣС
£ΰ׶ȥ۾
һĻ϶Լ֮ǰĲ²⡣
һǸ⡣
ΰױɻأӣǺŪȥˡ
һ˼ΰ׾ʵʵ˵ʡ˵ѱ𴩣ԷҪ˵¶
ͷǵӵĿ⣬ΰ˿ӲͷƤڣԴ½æõġ
⻰һЦ
˵½ô˻רŴ绰ѯΰôûǩͬ
ء
Ҫΰ׾ôǩˣǷµɾʹˡ
ΰ̫ܾˡ
½ôΰ׿϶Ӱ졣
Ҫǿΰ׷ԴԷ϶᲻ˡ
ϲ˵Ҳ͵͵Թ
òײŸΰ׸ϣɲΪС¾϶
˼һ飬ǩԣðĿƬ˵ķʽҡ
ΰ˼룬عãȻҪ˼ҵϵʽ
˵겻ڣΰԹԲ²⣺Ҷ˽⣬ɲû¸ɵˡҪƬ˵ϵʽͶʣ
΢΢ףϲˡ
ΰüͷֶһɻ󣬡Ͷո
ĩˣΰװ²۰ЦǮûض
һɫǮûضֻǲǷ˶ˡ
ҵĹûгĿӦ̵ʱ򡣡
ͶʣӦҪġ
Ȼҳ˽ģýĿǱ߶չһ㣬Ҫٳϴε顣
ΰеɻȫȡͷֱ޲ؿȥ
С֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
ΰ򴽣һֻһ죺ûƬ˵ϵʽȥ贽㡣
ǾȥʰɣȾҪʲô
ת֮죬ΰе㷴Ӧ
عѾṩ˼ѡ
ΰ׻Ÿղŵ飬Ĳɡ
״ȻЩڡ
µ̫ˣǵΰ׹Ρ
Ϊΰ׾״ֻ̬ŬתƶԷעȥԻ͹
ΰ²ߣ͹ɣóȥˡ
ƼΰԴеԱյСģקﰲοԲҸո˵Щ㲻ˡ
ΰҡҡͷ£Լ⡣
ĩˣΰļ˵Լɣ뾲
ܲԸΰӣջɿ˶Էðɡ
ΰߵ̨棬˼һƮԶ
Ķ˴ŰСʱͱһ䡰Էˡ
ΰ׻ص棬ڲװһ¡
תͷΰﲻ¶ɻ󣬡ô
ΰӣһԲߵǰ첲סԷ˵һ䣺Һ軵ˡ
⻰ЩЦãȥ̨˼СʱóĴ𰸣
ΰ׵˵ͷؿڣƻصϸʱ飬Ȼòҡ
оؿЩʪĳһ²⡣
ΰײǡ˰ɣ
뵽æ˴ӻڳ
Ȼΰ۾øƵģűǼⶼȾЩɫ
ΰ⸱ģڵóӶˡ
֪ᷢչͲӦ˵Щġ
ںˣλڶ𶹶ˡ
޴
˼ȥȴƵģʼ벻ʲôð취
ֻܸɰͰͺˣһ㶼ҡ
仰ػ˵˺ü飬˵˺ܶζ黰ЦŽΰ׺òٵ𶹶
ΰ׵ÿȥÿ죬ôһ壬ܿƽˡ
Լղӣоܶˣְ
ɵˡ
Ǹպ
ôֿˣ
Ѿ˰һ
Ŷûޣɫе֡
룬ǲҪˣʡһСľͲȵԷ׵㡣
Ҫ֪ǻ˺ö˼Ű˺õġ
Ϊ˲ΰΣһתԷɣٲԾҪˡ



207  
ΰ֪תƻ⡣
ҲϽ֮ǰ鷭ƪϵص˵ͷ
״һ
ͬʱõڵԷ
ߵǰ£ͬæǰæ
ΰײ˼ͰסˣֲСԼԷģ㲻æˡ
ĩˣΰ׼һŹǷŽԷɡ
סƬ̣еĽŶҪΪʵˣ㡭ǲǻѹ
ƽʱֱѯΰףôҪ乬
ΰ׸ϣͨЩȡɾ͸С
Ϊΰǰչġ
û뵽ΰ׾ȻҪȨ
оеĽֶ˼֡
ΰע⵽ˣЩЦãǣֻúóԷû˼
˵ʲôΰڶԷ֮ǰ˿ڣһŽ׳Ĵүѵϲϸźˣ
ԣһص㲻Ǳˡ
˵겻ΰ׿ڣԹԵźţ쾭塣
дʵӣΰ֮ǻж
ò˵ִɵɵġ
ѹ˼˵еΪ㡣
ΰ֮ǰһֱãѾäĿˡ
˭룬𵱳ضã˵й֮޲
ΰ϶дʯϵԵˡ
үصǰɵѱ÷
뵽ΰײЦһ¡
һĻǻɻ
˭ܸΪʲô΢ķΧͻȻЦ
˼⣬˵࣬Գΰ鲻ֱѯʶԷЦʲô
ΰ̧۾ЦⲻûʲôǾù˳ϲҲ
ûͷûβģеɻʲô˼
ͷƵģΰЦøˣʮӶʮǷҵĶˡ
һͬصûС
ֵΰˣʲô
ӽ͵û꣬ĵİ
⣬ΰײ磬˿ߴٵԷ
ΰײˣͺر죬ǵöԷһˣҪղ𶹶
ʱ쳣ˣŮ
ȻֻҪΰ׿ˣͺ޲ðڳԷ
ǰ˵Щоˡ
Թΰ׺ȻȥＸȦ
ǵ˲֪ٸУΰֻôͷ
ΰ׼˼ϷǳԹʱ֮ʣȻһ䣺ȥɢ𣿡
ΰ˼룬˼صô๷С
ǣЦһ˵û裬峡ˣİɡ
ΰִ𰸣룬ǲǴ˻ṫ
˼Ҹûôӡ
һʱ䣬ΰײǻȥ۾
ע⵽ˣΪΰ岻æͷȥʵôˣ
ΰҡҡͷŵذصû¡
Ϊ˱ѯʣΰ׼æתƻȻѾ峡ˣǾ͸Ͻȥɡ
£ΰ׼æץס֣ͷߡ
Щģʡ
ÿҪڵʱΰܻ˵顣
ػؾ˼飬ɵҲܿΰײⷽ顣
ζţΰûв
סۣŷɶԷ߽ݡ
Ӧ
ΰ׵Ͼˣɿ֡
ΰ׵ĵġ
⣬ǻ᲻ˡ
ΰע⵽ˣ֧첲ȥǣڹϣȽϺá
šһѹǹɲˬ
ǱǼƵ꣬ʩȻ൱ȫġ
¥Ǹ԰ϰ԰ˡ
ΰ׺Уоɢ̫ģ졣
ĿⴥĹľԣΰ׺Ȼͻ¹ľ᲻ŹС
ʱڹľĹɪɪ
֮ǰ׼ǰһĻ
ΰ仰˵͵ˣҳһ
֮࣬ɻ
ΰô˵֪ˣҪԴϽ뿪
ôˣΰô֪
ѵװ͸Ӿɣ
ϧǣûͼΰԵ˵Ҫǲģ˹һ¡
ΰ˵áľԾͱĳ
Ŀⴥǰŵΰ׾Ͳ²⵽˶ԷǸС
ΰ׼ָȥץ˵ʱ򣬾͸оǰһӰ
عʱǸѾ˫ַڵϣá
ΰǰȥǿްǵ٩ܺŶ
ͬЦɷֻصһһ㣬ʦͺá
УģˣҪǿҳԹ˸£
ҪǺ±򣬹¹⡣
Ȼʵǲпġ
˼֮ϻüЦĵλʲôûĵ鷳ҷſ
ûдתͷΰ˵һ¡
ΰ׵ͷ֪ġ
ʵ˵ΰҲ
𿴹˵ôϣ㲻ǰϷ
Ȧ˽ʮ꣬ΰѧĵ֮һǲҪŹеĹ
Ⱥеľ󲿷ˣΪȶʲô˵ó
˵䲻ģܶԱݼȲǡ
ΰǸ˼飬ȷûƬ̧֮۾˵ûġ
¹ΰףҵģͶԹ˵ˣʮ⳥㡣
һǧһԸ⣬Ͼ滹кܶࡰöУ
ЦȻ㾴ƲԳԷƣҾͳȫ㡣
Ǹûˡ
Ϊ츳ĵüµƬ
ϵݣΪԷŻŲʮӲصҪб£һӲߡ
ԣ¶һЦݡ
׼ƹˤʱ򣬺ȻƳʮ´
ڹ߻谵ϣõԷĹҵļװȳˡ
ʶԼ˲˵ĴæĵҲҪˣдҪҼƽϡ
ûдֻڱڶӳվʱɫ˵һ䣺ˡ
ڶӳŵһ飬æͷ´һӿٶȵġ
֮⣬ǲҪǡ
ֻôһЩڣûл˵˼ûپⲻš
ڶӳסУٴοڣҪô
Ƭ̣ȥ˵ڹľԹв֮¡
õָʾڶӳɴӦõġ
˵ѺŹˣʡⰭۡ
Ŀߺΰ룬½˵һ䣺ǸС



208  
֪ΰʲôģֻס죬һССĽѵ
ΰԣ˿˵һ֮ȥ¡
̧֣ΰ׵ıӣѵǸͽ
ͽƺһΰһЦ
ڼ֮ǰΰζ󲻳˷ȤĬһ档
ʵϣԼû뵽Լ˵ⷽе츳
ȻǱҪھܱ˷֡
ţȻľܲˣЩָ©֮㡣
ΰ׹ȥԷֱǷַѵĽࡣ
ź;ӰӵĹزٸҲܱ֤ס˵졣
Ϊΰ׵ҵ룬ȹ䵽ɣϾ˭ܱ֤ǰûС
ΰ룬ȷʵ͵ͷ˵á
˲ߣŲЩٻ˷䡣
ΰһϷѾˣټϸղΪʳɢоԼѾӽ㣬嶼ҪԶػˡ
£ΰ׾ƣԡң׼ϴϢˡ
˭룬׼ԡŵʱ򣬾ֻ
ΰùȥãҿ˭ĵ绰
ԣ̴ͷϵֻ
½ĵ绰˸һ¡
ΰ׵һֻţȴû̲֨סߴٵ˭
عѹĵĨŻصɧŵ绰
ΰףǾͰѵ绰˰ɣˡ
£ΰ׾ͰԡŹˡ
Թҵͨ绰
ԭΪѵ绰֮½Ӧòٴˡ
Ȼ͹ΰ׶½͹½˵Ĺ
ǰ󲻳ӵʱ䣬ϤֻٴĻʾš½֡
úܷԽ绰
ûǱ߿ڵĻᣬֱͨ˵һ䣺ϴ衣
⻰һֱǰ½Ļȫˡ
½ӦòУֲҵ绰Եú·ߵʧߡ
šԼˬҲġԭ½˵ǵΰϴ˵һ££һظ绰
ǹӴĻᣬʲô˵תС
½ȵľ仰ЦЦǸܣõ֪
ͬ½ϣ⻰üͷ
ȻΪһˣп½õġơ
Ŀΰ֮Ĺϵ϶
½Цô⣬϶ԼĲ²û
˿ޱȵصȻ͵Űɡ
Ӧ½ֱɵˡ
ôеȫһ
˽⣬ԷӦñײŶԣ
˭ܸΪʲô첻ƣ
½˼⣬ѻʱǱڵĻᶼֱѵ绰Ҷˡ
˼룬½ֻźڵĻ˼þûز
ҵ绰֮½±Ƶӣѹͷǵ㲻ˬȫɢˡ
һӭµ⡣
ǾҪҪΰףղŴ绰ʵ½
֮⣬Ǹνܡ˵ǲ˵
ΰ˵ˣ֡ܡĴڣͷһƬԭ
˰죬ֱΰ״ԡҳûѡ
ΰײͷ׼ȥҴʱ򣬺Ȼע⵽ɳϣЩƮ顣
ǣǽȥϴ˸Ĺôһ˼ӣ
ѵϴʮӣǱ߷ʲô
ĳ²⣬ΰҲ˲ôͷˣȥʵҪص۶𣿡
عɻ󣬡ΪʲôҪص۶
ΰ׻صҿӣΪ˾Ǳ߳ʲô£Ҫȥ
Цһ˵ûУֻ顣
ΰ׵ͷʮϵˡ
Ŀԣղŵ飬Щ顣
ΪΪΰ˵Ƿǳòġ
˼룬ĵʹ£˵ˣţ½ղŴ绰㣬˵¡
ΰԣʶʵʲô£
ʵصˣң˵ܡ
ΰüͷüۼãȻ֮ɫܣҺʲôܣ
ĩˣΰԹֹô֪ܡ
ΰ׳˼֮ʣһĹ۲Էı顣
оΰײ˵ѣϿԿ϶νġܡڣ½ġ
ҺûϵΪºΰ׳ܣھ½Ըˡ
̲֮࣬סˡ
½յǹƶˡ
ΰΪ˸ô£½ظ绰ʡ
ȻǶӴͳֹ½㿪Ц˳Ӧһҡ
ôһ˵ΰ׵Ȼʡ
ôˣ½ÿζ϶Ƶģ޲øԷ
ɴ˿ɵãӦú˵Ĳࡣ
ΰ֮𴵷һߴһ߶˵ϴȥɣҴͷ
ûհ죬ǰҸ㴵ͷȥ
ΰ۵ҪȻܾվɶԷڲ
֮ǰѾΰ״ܶͷ˵ᳵ·ԺܿͰΰ״ˡ
ΰ׵ͶԷ˵ˡʱŷֶԷ۾֪ʲôʱ˯ˡ
뵽ôΰĻﶼ˯ȥ֪жۡ
۲ѣͰѴϣΰ󴲡
Ϊľΰ׵Σȫ˷ڴϵĶƽʱ˲ʮ
վڴһΰ񾲵˯գǣЦһ£дԼû顣
뵽ΰڴϵϴ֮һƽʱҪٴһϰߣֱɵϱΰס
˯ǻᴫȾġ
ûãͺΰһ硣
գΰͬһ㣬Ĵߴ۾
ΰ״ֻ׼֮ӡ
һȥͷ΢Ⱥ@
ΰ״һ
üһˡ
ΰΪɢˣʹ˴λ֮ʵ˵汻ˡ
˵ˣֹǹľˣطС
贽϶ˡ
üעġ
ΰ߶ˣѶˡ
˶һۣʵô
ΰ׳ĬƬ̣ص贽Ǳߵڻûϵ˵ɡ
ĩˣΰƿ´Ьԡ˹ȥ
ϴϣΰŽϷݲ٣Ͱʹȥˡ
Լ˰Сʱΰ׵ıķͣƬڴ
ΰһ³͸о˵֡



209 νϷ 
˵ķӦΰɻ
˵ϵǳ飬Ϣͨ߸֪ȽˣӦ˵ġ
ôɢģǵӦǳԲŶԡ
ȻȴǺ޲ðѡġǡǴԼʹġдϡ
ΰô붼òԡ
̫ˣЩϵĿ⡣
ڽϷݲ٣ΰֻΪ׼
˵ʱ㾾ʺˡ
뷨ΰ׾Ͱʱѹĵף籾̨ʡ
ȵױʦˣͰѾ籾£ŶԷ˻ױ䣬׼ȻϷʱõ͡
ΰԴӽ飬ÿͶױʦģ˹ϵҪܶࡣ
ϵʱע⵽˻ױʦıЩ֡
֮⣬ԷͳͶһĿ⣬ȫ̶ֹ
ΰΪԹ߶ûţڶԷ֪ڼδʱֱѯʣλ½ͬ־ʲôҪ˵𣿡
½˼룬ջڨЦôͻȻʣ
ΰԣЩЦֲֲˣ㿴ô飬ôܸо
ΰû˵ǰ½һֱΪԼεúܺá
û뵽ľٶȻȫΰ۵ס
½عΰ׳۾ٴľС
˵ɣΰ֪˿϶鲻á
˵ɣ֪ôŪȥΰ׿ɲǺƭˡ
һΰ׷½Ʈӣеĺֶ˼֡
֪ʲô½ų
Ҫ֪½ƽǸ൱ֵˡ
ΰԽԽ棬̲סߴٵ½ͬ־鷳㲻Ҫθ˺𣿡
ļ£½˿ѵ˵˳
ʮһʱиΪ˹ӪţһƪԸĶ籾ΪԼϷͶ塣
տʼԹȺڶţӪΪKPIϹġ
Ͷ˵ڲԱɹܹ֤ԼݵĹ֤
۾Ϳʼƫ򡣡
ʱƣϢĳԹȺԽԽࡣ
֪Ǿܶ๤ԱԹϿǳԵ賿š
ΰֻһоǴдġ
˿⣬Ͼû֤ܶʱꡣ
˭ܸΪʲôһ˻˻Ϣ
뵽ΰײ˼Լǲ̫ʧˡ
ÿʲô紵ݶΧ˶ȲԹϣΪˮ
ΰԽԽ̲סһ޴İۡ
½״֪ΰǲˡ
Щʵΰף㻹ðɣ
ΰסšһûǾر
׽½һ֪ΰԷȷʵ˵ľ籾Ϊ鲻Ϊ˸ԼϷ
ο˵ȡԭԼ£ŸĶġ
ҪƽθϷǰҵϷݸˡ
½˶ɵˡ
ôû뵽ྐྵȻġ
ΰ˵Ķ滰ϵҲ̫ȱˡ
ǡ֮λ޴ǡ
½뵽֮Ǽ˵Ͻ˵£ͱС
ʵ½಻˵ΰҲǴôġ
֮⣬˲飬ϵġڲԱ˭
ôһںڹ֪ĻΪԷʲôѪ
Ϊ£ΰ׵ĺȫƻˡ
ͣʹӻױȥƬѰԪҵӰ
ĿѲ˼ȦΰײûǵӰ
̧һʱ䡣
Ӿ;ŵˡ
Ԫǳٵ˲ɣ
ĳ²⣬ΰ׾ԪҷϢѯһ¶Է
յԪҵ棬׼༭Ϣʱ򣬾ͼԷ֪ĸ˳
˶һۣԪѯʣСΣ£
ΰ鲻̫ãúԪҶȦӣֱӿżɽ֪΢Ϸ𣿡
ԪҽˣæͶûʱԣ˵ǹע΢ϵϢ
Ҫ£ٻؼңϢ͸ͺˡ
ΰ׵ʣԪҿ˵һ±ơ
˼룬ԪʵûС
ΰ׵ıУԪҿƶϳʲô£ʹ󵨲²ܵعˣ
ΰҡҡͷЩ꣬ô򵥾ͺˡ
Ԫҳˣסβګګϣбص飿
ΰףȻаΣ֪˭ųԸĶ籾Ϊ˸ԼϷϢ΢ϵĳԹȺڶڶ׺
⻰һԪҵˣȵȣ͸㷢幫档
ΰҪľȻԷ
ţΰ˸û˵Ľ䣬Ĵ˸绰
ʱϻ顣
ΰר֮ԥ˱˸ͣƣȥ̨绰ʵСڣңǳʲô𣿡
Ϊûΰ׾ֱӵԼͼܲܰŸ˰Ҳ飬˭ڱҡ
ԣüͷʵô£
ΰһһʮȥúίþøЩΪ˸ԼϷ
оΰ˿ǻӰӣæŵԷżȥ顣
仰ΰǹɷɢЩ
ʱԡ岻ΪһԶڵǰһ϶һЩΰ׵Ļ
ҶվԼߣԶǺݺݳ˿
Եġ
Ҫΰ׼䱳ʱ֪ܶණǮеġ
Զǿţܾķʽ񫡣
šڡ뷨ԶСŻڶУȥΰһ΢ƿڴ
ԶˬˣŹصɻشϣ׼˯
ⲻ֪һٶֱԼǿףڵµˣĻʹ
͵Զ˯һ룬ͱѡ
ԶüͷҲǺ˵˯ôǲǷˣ
ԣæԶ磬ˣϽţ
Զ߿´һſһ߲ͷ²ۣ˻и߸Ķţܳʲô°
ţԶʵ¡
ҧҧԶ磬ˮ鱻ˣҵ΢ϡ
ԶסβŻع˵ʲô
Ϊ˾ô£ԶԼ΢
һֻŷжʮδ磬ֻҪ˴ˡ
⣬΢ϵйء
Զ׼ȿô£ٸ˻ص绰ʱ򣬶Էִһ绰
£ԶֻȰѵ绰סз꼷Цʵ㣬ôҴô绰



210 Ļʹ 
һЦˣ
ԶΪѾʹһ̬Ȼӣըˣ˵£֮ǰȵԼ䲻䡣
ˣһǲᾭ˵ġ
˵䲻ģЩԴ߱ܽ谮ģԱקء
ЩԱõʲôԴȡھˡ
ԶȽ⡣
Ϸ۶֪ԶԹѾá
ôʼղ²ûԴ
ƽûдһ㲻ϵ
ܶʱҪͨҲм˴Ϊ
ԶԴԴǰЩ˺֮󣬰ٷ֮ʮԼȡġ
䳰ȷԶÿǺȥˡ
ԭԶݼĿڱѾڲ˺͹˾Ҳ
ԶĵĵԴ
Ƴżæŵı飬ԶսԿѹͷĻʵʲô£
ЦһΪôţƣȫķʲô
Զüͷ䲻ͷ˵£ס
˵겻ڣԶֲһ䣺Ҫû£ͱҡ
⻰һ̬ըˡ
Ҫϰ˵Զڹ˾ЩôֱӹҶϵ绰ˣ
֮ǰ쵼Ķ˿Ŭвӿŭصˮΰ׵鱻عˣӰӺҪǸ
ϰ˵ˣԼǳĻԼˣͱֹ˾߳ȥ
ӰӺ׷˾ø군
Զûָ˾ᱣ
ϾȲһߴ󿧣ĳλ߲ͷá
ΩһüֵֻΰƽϢŭˡ
뵽ԶɫصΰԸĶ籾ΪԼϷʵûȥǸȰ㻹ǴͷΪãǾԲܸΰ׵Ǹģ㹫˾ҡ
ˮľ֮ǰԶѾĽ
ԶǮϰߣЩȦȻûлͷǮ˲١
ɱˣʹЩǮϼңСȹûʲô˵ġ
ȻԶʮãȴиΪΥԼ𡱵Ķ
Ȳ˵͹˾ĺͬꡣ
ӵǼԣһҪ⳥ΥԼɲ٣㹻ĻȫͿա
ԶӲʵˡ
ԭΪԶ֪֮󣬾ͻæ
û뵽ȻӰӺŶ
Ҫ֪ӰӿȦľͷ˾ÿĵӵӰٷ֮ӶƷ
Ÿ˵ˣͷҵ
漰Ĳҵʮֹ㷺νʳסȫˡ
ˣҽƺ͸߿Ƽ
ֻҪȦ죬Ƿǳǵѡ
Զӣҵ̾Ƿˡ
ǰҪҸλȨصģô̫ܡ
߾ͼ򵥶ˣֻҪܵĴ̼С
ţԶ֮Ի˳Ϊΰһ˺ô죬деɱƵš
һԶûʲôˡ
ٺԶȥ˷ʱ䡣
뵽ٹҶϵ绰תȥϰ㱨
Զϰ⸱۵ģ绰һ˿
֪ʱ˵࣬Ͷȥˡ
Զ״һ䡰ǽͷݡȻ΢򿪡
ǵģ׼ȥôˡ
Ϊע˾Ĺٷ˺ţԶһȥͿ˶Է幫档
տʼԶΪΪ˸ΰϴףɨһ۾ͺԹȥˡ
ѻ⿴֪ľ籾µࡣ
ԭΰȥҵݣǺͶԷĲ֮Ҫĵúһ㡣Ķ֮󣬷ͷϵϷݻԭ࣬ΰ׵ķ١
Զɵˡ
Զعһҡͷһⲻģ
ԱԸԼľͷ϶ǾΪ˸ΰϴױģ
ҲŲȦô˽ˣ
֪ֻԱΪͷʹûԱΪˡȥԼ
Զûмʶû⡣
ⲻ֪硰̫߳Ϊΰ׵ĳcaoˡ
ʱΰ׸һϷ׼ϢӾȥ½ױ
ûȥ½ˡ
½༤ӣΰһĨ棬ǳԵʲôˣ
½ٺһЦΰϵĿǰ֮ɫ˵кܴϵ
ΰ˼룬¶㵣ʲô
ôû뵽гһճԹϻԵԼ
½ҹԸĶ籾ΪԼϷԷԳǾĹԱʾԼ֮ԻᱬϣΪΪ
첻֪λг֣µĻʹˡ
²˭ô㣿
ΰ룬ʵûͷ˵һ䣺Ҫ֪˭϶ȥ˰
ĩˣΰֵͱˣֱӸҰɡ
½ԣͰ΢򿪣ʾΰԼ
ΰ׽ӹֻüۼãȻ
½ʾ£ΰ׵ͷ
üһǲ֪һһ
½²Ļʹ˭ʱΰԺֳ︡ü˵ӰΨûԶ
ӡⱲӻϱӣԶǸ͵ϷԱ
Ȧô꣬û˵ԶϢ
Ե֪һԶĹãˣ½ͬ־˵ǲǸ˰
˵겻½࿪ڣΰԹԵԶɲ˰
½ûֻΰ׵ļ򣬡Ե˲ò࣬ˮɶ
ΰüͷ壬þͲֱд޷⡱ĸ֡
ͳԼֻ׼µȥ
Զڷ˼ϣΰȥͿ΢
ΰֻһо
ҪԶ⣬ʶԷǲб֢
Զôƶҵݸľ籾ΪԼϷ
ˡ
ΰԽԽ״̬ˡ
Ԫ֪Ϸ飬Ÿΰ׷˰٣ȥúϢ
ΰ׻ŷҵ˼صס
ȥ֮ȷûڿᣬһԷ
ΰѵͶͱͻȻȤһ˼顣
Ƭ̣عΰë׵ĺʵҵıôˣ
ΰͷû̧˵ûôԱˡ
ԣæ˴ӻڳ˭۸ˣ
ΰԴصǸľ籾ֵģ֪ҾͲӦö졣
ĴЩ̫ӣŻ̫ࡣ
ΰֻԱ˶ѣǾôһοͶί



211  
ΰһֱܼǿ
ǻص׽ߣ͸оԼСްһ
ϸ룬ûиǶʱ䣬ӡ
գΰֻܰԭڣ̫軵ˡ
ΰ׳˼֮ʣŻûΪԷί֮޷԰ΣֻüԷţ˵˵ôܸˡҪժϵǣҶժðɡ
⻰һΰײƲƲܿܲá
ǹô˵ģΪľתΰע
ڿЧǺܲġ
ΰ׶˼²ˡ
ǣѧŵӾЩ¶һаȿЦݣϲǣǾͻΣ
ΰײɵӣȻóڶġ
Լǵһΰݸİܣıݺۼеء
Ȼαݴ˵ʮֲġ
ΰ룬ӦԱɫơ
Ͼĳ࣬Լ൱ϰɫ
ƽѵƼ⸱ӣΰͻȻ£϶ԷҼȲϲҲϲô죿
΢΢һЦΰϵĿ磬ûϵ
˵겻ΰ׿ڣԹԵ̫кգժա
ò˵̫ħˡ
ΰһʱûסһЦ˳
һĻһ
Ҫ֪ԴӼʶΰ׵𶹶Ĺر¶Էޡ
Ͳر˵ͣҪΰٵһν𶹶Ҫһͷˡ
񾭷Ϣò١
ΰ׵ÿȥÿ졣
ΪЦǰίȫɢȥˡ
ղŵĻ棬ΰЩҲסְؿڣ׼ӱʵ
״һЦ
Цΰ׸Ӳ˼Ͱøˡ
ΰ⸱̧ͷļƣĶԷţæڳҲЦ㡣
ΰײ촽һֱߡ
ûа취ֻɶԷȥˡ
̧һʱ䡣
ʮ㣬ͦ硣
룬ԻλС˯ÿԳ緹
ΰ׶Ķ̧۾
תһ룬кܶ๤ûд
Ҫ˯൱һʱ˷ѵ˶֮һ
ΰи͸ܾˣˣȥæĹɣԼ˯
ԣ˼ŵСڣûɣ
ΰײ֪ʲôͻȻ£ʵûС
һˬȻƾʲôҵȨ
⻰ΰʵˣθ˼֣ûУ
ĩˣΰ¶ίⲻǺµĹ㻹ҧʶġ
һѱΰ׷ڴϣǰǺ˵Զģ
ѣΰײԼ˵⻰аɡ
˯֮ǰΰⲹҪǽ촦DеĹɲҪֵҵϡ
תͷֱΰ׵۾ĸҰ
̬֮ΰŷĵر˫ۣ˯⡣
ΰ׽磬ܿ˯˹ȥ
ڻĳЩӦ׳ֵ磬͹൱尾ˡ
ΰףνһ˯ⶼûУӶǲĻ档
һСʱʱ䣬Ӳʮ͵ĸо
Ҫסʱе
˿ƻе˵ˡ
ΰû˯ʶס䣬Ҫ
״ΰ˵Ϊ̿
ܿסЦ⣬䵱ˡ塱
ΰױòУССһţζ𴲵ļơ
ˣƤΰףûа취á
տʼΰײűӲúֲ̫ܽ쳣֡
ʱԽԽٲ㷹㶼Ҫˣֻúİǿ˳
ΰüͷ۾
Ŀԣΰ죬һˬߵǷǳµΪ
չȥΰ׹ĶͷϸԲҲó˯ǷҪˣԷ岻ã˺òã
ΰױͦġ
һӾûˡ
һҪеڶߣ˭ס
ΰײ֪ˣȷʵмܲסˡ
ɹΰס
´֮ǰΰ룬Ͷվڴߵſ˫ۣҲ·
Լһ֣ټΰգŴ۾Ŀɰģȵ˲Ǿʧ
ʱ˵Ǳһ£ԷҪģܵͳ
ΰ׷Լ˵꣬ƮЩˡ
̲סߴٵʲôأϽ
عæΰ˵ʹȥϴ
ȥԡңˮµһЩˮװڱݸԼλСڣˢ
ΰˢϴͼһëչ
ûӦʱëѾϡ
һ룬͸СѲƵģëΰϲ
ΰȫû뵽ϴԷȻõַʽһʱ䶼Щɵˡ
عѾˣ˵㻤ˮʵҪҪ㣿
ΰ׾ˣβһ㵱Сأ㡣
ЦСѡ
⻰˵ΰЩȣһƿ顣
ʵϣΰ͸˷۹Ƶģ˴ﵽⶼ̵ġ
ΰ׿ķǵӣʱԼˡ
ΰ飬ֱͲֱӰѡķǡĸдϡ
Ȼΰ׵˽⣬ѡȥ𴩶ԷʡǵλС߳ŭ
ԡϴϣôΰױľôȥ
ϴ֮ǰˣ緹
Ǹո£ˡ
֪λָϣͰ˷ɳԼȥš
ΰ˵Դˣ˴˹
Ӳ֮һɶڴ˵İԵѸռ䡣
ΰ׿ЩˣһĨȣô֪
ЦЦ˵ԡ
ΰ׻һ£Լ˯ǰһ죬û뵽Ȼˣһһֱš
ΰ׺Ǹжչȥһڣʵ޵ã
ûгƺǺ⣬ʵ˭ã
ΰײִ֪ŵĵϻص㡣
ĥĥ˭
ΰ
ΰ׺ֵġ
˭룬ΰʱɵȫ˼
£Էˣֻΰ׵Сûĵġ



212 ճ 
ʵ˵Ǿ䡰Сûĵġΰ׵Ӿתˡ
⣬ʮа˾Ϲ
ΰ׻ûзֿ֮ǰԼȶ˵ĳϣڶԷ͵͵
ʱӶһ£ΰΪԷҪˣòˤһӡ
Ժΰ׾Ҳûкƺ
ҪǷǰʾΰ׿϶æˡ
һλѾˡ
뵽ΰԼװɵ㶵ٸҿñӣġ
ԣеĥĥģ
ΰͦţһηҵȻܲÿɲҪҡ
ΰ׻ָƽʻģǷˡ
ûټ⣬ǽղûвӼ𿪣Ĳͺһڷϡ
ΰײ˼ȫ̶Աţ̽Ӵ˰֡
Լ⽻Ǳߴ쳣ι̡
ΰ׹Ǵ򿪲ͺУͷһ
ڴڼ䣬ΰ̲סп
ʱչ˵öҪ岻Ȳˡ
Ʒչȥгһ϶С
Ǹ棬ΰ׾͸оͷƤ顣
ע⵽ΰ׵ı仯תͷʵôˣ
ΰ׻ع˻Դصûʲô˻ѡ
ΰײ˵û׷ȥԷ˵ϿԷɣٲҪˡ
ΰ׵ͷ֪
ĩˣΰЦݣ˸ŵƤĹ⣬ԽԽˣ¡
⻰һ˼룬ָʵƨˣ
ΰ׾Żʶû䱾˵ʵ
һЦԱʰ㡣
ΰԣһĨҡ
ںЦ
Ҫˣ군ˣ
Ҫ֪ղΪϻͷϰë
ΰ뵽üۼʱ˼ֽš
Ϊ˱Լƨɲΰһĸղŵ̬ȣֺζЦݣҺ㿪Цģ㲻ôСɡ
ֱֻΰס
£ΰ׺ܿмܲסˡ
ΰײô;ٰͶתͷȥӡ
Ȼʼͣߣ¶ԷͻȻϮֲ
ΰԭΪλʲô
˭룬ֻһ
Ҫȥ
Ϊ˴ƽ֣ΰֻܿתƻ⣺˵ҪԷ𣿡
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰ׾ͼˮƬŽԷ˵԰ɡ
ΰ˵ͬʱҲڰɫ
ֵǣ޶ԡ
ΰЩι²ţͷģʽ˼в˶ڵͷǷ
ԭΰףöԷ
û뵽ȻһˣΰǸСûĵġ
˵Ƿŵκˣû˵䡣
ͷۣͻͻֱ̫Ѩ
ϧԼģ˼Ҳû취ˡ
£ֻӣĳСûĵĳ˷
ΰ׼״һ
ΪҪ־ʳأˡ
లµسһٷΰо²ڣѰ˸ȥ̨š
뵽ҪȥƬϷΰ߻棬籾˳ȥ
ΰԴӳԹ緹ûȥԷ
ΰ׻ղŵ飬ʵЩڡ
֪ôײˬͲӦôȤԷˡ

ΰ̾˿
һΰס˼Լעھ籾ϡ
ڳԹִʱķʽ˵̨ҪԵĿࡣ
ȻΰϷʱֵоֻñԼоȥ
ԼĪСʱΰ˸Ƿп
Ա㣬Ȼ׷
ΰ׻˻ԴͼЩ˯ϳԺ
ȴ޼¡
ΰ̧һʱ䡣
ʮ࣬翪һСʱ
һϷûȫԴٴӾƵ߹ȥ
һ˯ٹȥ
ΰױû˯˸ɴ߻棬Ѿ籾ڴͷϣԼˤĴ
ڴʶ˹ȥ
ĿⴥڱΰףССһŵӣٴαȵĸҲ
һعʵҪ˯ˣ
ΰסšһ£
˸ûСʣҪҪѴϣ
ΰû֨ΪѾҪ˯ˡ
˵ȣԼ֮ΰȫûд˼Щ
ߵһ֪ԭΰײǹⲻǽ֮С
ΰ˯ˣ룬Źϴ
߲̫ΰܹ˯úһȽҪ
һߣ½֪ΰǩºͬɤ۵ܷŻԭλˡ
Ҫǵΰ׵ĵִ½ֱӹȥѯʶԷ㲻ѡ
˵ģǸʶİ˶ڱˡ
½ԽԽã϶ΰǰ˵ĻҪΰײܺߵ̫
ΰײǺôиеڡ
Ϊ֤Ƿ׼ȷ½Ϸʱ̽һΰס
תۼ䣬һСʱȥ
ΰĴߴתѡ
Ļΰڻ˯ˣʱܣüۼ䲻һ˿롣
ΰ˸ƿ´ϴ
·֮ΰ׷ڵǰ˼һ䣺㲻˯𣿡
ͣסеĶ̧۾ص˯ˣĹеࡣ
ΰ׵ͷҪˣݰݡ
һ䡰ݰݡͽĿתƵ˵Ļϡ
룬ֺסΰ˵ȥɡ
ΰ˼룬˵ǺǺЦУֲĿˣôɡ
ʶΰˣԷ˲ˣͼæڽ͵ҲǺֻǵ᲻㣬𣿡
ͻ黰ҵΰ˶ɵˡ
סƬ̣ΰײγѰգգ۾ګګŶ
Դ˲̫⣬ǰΰ׵Сʵ˵ô࣬ͻһ֣
ΰĵֻԼҵӣֲ˵ġ
ۿʱҪˣΰҪҾ͸ϽģȻҾԼˡ
ԣֻŪΰ׵˼ͶԷһš
˵ΰ׳ȥʵͶԷͣԶͲˡ
˾֮ʣȻһ뷨ţҪȥƬɣ
⻰ʵΰ׾ˣŻع
ĩˣΰֵ㲻ǻһѹŴ𣿡
ΰѣǶѲԼĹ
ûа취ֻôոͷˡ



213 ױԹ 
һϧΰʵܲǹɴֱƿԷϳ
ûлعΰ˾ߴٵϽ
˾ţɴܣ꣬ǲҪͽλ֮ȽϺá
װʲôûʡعͷˡ
Ҫ֪ǾӰӰŸΰ׵ר˾ʵΰߵıڡ
˵䲻õģĹģλʳĸ
˭ԣʳĸǿ϶еġ
뵽˾ᶨղǸ뷨
ΰ׵˵ȣֶԷȫûд˼̲סٴδߴٵŸ
ΰ׵ע£˾װƶˡ
˾ɫͲֱдҪΪңֻǸˡ
ΰײϹӣټ˾ֵԣȻ˶ԷΪᡣ
˵飬ûٴߴٶԷ
״̬¶еִ磬ŵʱûٹ顣
˾õ֮濪˳ȥ
ӿһ·ΰ׹ʹؽ³̽ͷȥ˺һۡ
ֻǸվԭأڵͦεγһ羰ߡ
һۣΰ׾̲ס˻ա
Ȼ˵㣬˧
ûжȻ֪ΰ׵С˼
ΰװԴ̽ΪʮΣգ͸Է˸Ҫ֡ơ
ϧΰ۶עⲻ
ûЧֻͳֻΰ׷Ϣ
һ룬Ϣʾ
ΰ״ӻյ״̬
ԼղŵΪȫΰڵһ±ͨ졣
²ߴ٣ΰ׾͡ಡһ˻ȥصʵʵ
ΰ˿ϻ˻
ȵյȶɢòˣֻ뿴˭Ϣ
㿪һȻģ˵ĻĴ£
ΰϺò׽ȥ¶ȣ֡ᡱһ
˾͸ע⵽ˣΪΰ岻źعͷһ䣺ʦҪҪȥҽԺ
⻰һΰֱסˡ
ǣһ£ڵҪȥҽԺĵزɣ
˾̫Сˡ
ΰס˼ɤӻصãûв
˾ʵ̫˵ǣջʵɫŲǺܺãû£
ΰ򴽣ֿؿ˾û¡
˵겻˾ڣΰֵ黹档
ΰʾԼû⣬˾ǿˣЩģⶣΰףʦ岻һҪ˵ǧҪӲš
ΰһα֤õġ
ǻձ߶ΰ̲ס²ۣǲǱȾˣøһ¡
˾ԣҡҡͷЦһ£ûٽӻ
ߵ걣ڣλӶЩ˽⡣
ΰ׿ǸµˣӡеͲͬһˡ
ǰɡ
˾ап
Լ˰СʱӵִƬڴ
ΰ˳ȥױ䡣
Ϊǰ½кΰ׵ױʱ򣬶ԷѾˡ
½·Сɹ͵ͳԵı飬ΰ׻ϿԿ϶λʱһֻ⪣Ȧȥ
ȥ֮ǰΰ׹ͼ½ע⡣
˭룬½˳ԹϳԵ̫ԣûע⵽Ķ
ΰ׼״Ȼ˵Ȥζһӡ
½ֻѧʱ͵͵ֻȴʦץѧ
ͬʱ½Ѹ̧ͷϹֺõЦݣ
Ŀⴥվˣ½˼ŵô㣿
ûΰ׿ڣ½ԹԵԣҶѾҵüˣʲôֻ
½˵꣬Ͱֻóһˢ΢һʦղŹǲǣ
ΰȷʵǹģϣװ޹½ͬ־ֻϽѡ
˵ǣ½Ǵĵﲻš
ЩӵĽӴΰ׵ԸѾ˽⡣
ʱΰȷʵĶţһǫǫӡ
֮ͻ֣ᷢƨǫǫӡ
ΰǸ겻ٶɹ
¯ݼÿ׽Ū˶һ
ΰƾ£Ѿƭ˺üΣǾԲ˵ģ
뵽½䡰ߡһףǹģ
½಻Ϲΰӣתƻˣǻȸ°ɡ
ΰҪǲ˵½඼˻Ҫ
ոճԵĴϣ½ڻеδ
õְҵòͣ˼Ͷ뵽С
ΰ׵ױͲӣ½ܿ͸Ūˡ
ΪǻѾ̨ʱ죬ΰھͲҪٱˣû״̬
½ΰһ
˶һۣŵڶϷû֮ǰĸëǮ졣
ΰʱ½ϼֹЦݣ˶Էһ䣺ղųԵʲôˣ
½ԣ˼룬ɻգգ۾ʵô֪ҳԵˣ
ΰЦЦ˵ղŵıƶϵġ
½˼ΰϵĿ˼ֻɣô𣿡
½һϹ˵ҲŲšӣΰǺǺЦ´Ҹ¼ðɣ
ΰ̬ƶ½಻˶ҡ
תһ룬ΰƭˣǲҪűȽϺá
½սԿӦа´¼¼С
½˵꣬ΰ׷˸ۣͲپ޹ؽҪС£һ˷ܵ˵һˣ
֮ǰΪӼѾˡ
û뵽һӾˣȻǸƭgay
Ϊ̫Ⱦ˰̺÷
иƵĹԱƣÿܶҪЩȶһ˶ֱˡ
ΰզ࣬ļٵģ
˵겻½࿪ڣΰֵʵ𣿡
½ͷȻ쵥ӻȥƵƬعˡ
ΰԣ˳ǣع˼쵥Υİɡ
½üȷʵΥģڹҺڻ˺ҧأ˵ҪԲá
ΰ׸пƭŮ̫ˣҪԼû㱾£ܶҡ
ΪЩأΰ¶ûˡ
ʮӣ
ΰʶתͷȥֻһԱ߽ʦ׼ϳˡ
⻰ΰ˵Ҹһȥɡ
ĩˣԱĿͶ½࣬½㣬иױʦû鷳ȥ֡
½Ӧá˳ȥ
ʱ뿪Ļеʱ䣬ΰϸɵţʵЩġ
ҵʱʱ½Ȼڶʦ
ʶ֮ľ̫ΰ׼æԱŲŲ½ͻȻôɡ



214 ЦĿ 
ΰ׶ܶѸ٣½Щζ
½ԿЦĿζ˵ʦֲǺˮޣòŶ㿪ôɡ
ΰԣж˼֮ɫӣϾǸмҵˡ
½߬ȭͷѸһĨʣҪ𣿡
Ϊ½ͻȻἰΰ˼ŵҪģԼԭ򡣡
˵겻½ڣΰֲһ䣺мҵӦñӣҲֹһκȷʾˡ
ΰѣ½ΰȷʵ˵ƵĻ
һʱ䣬½·̾ɼĽ
εºܣȻΰΪ̶ֳȡ
п½˿ǾҪӣҲں춼аɡ
ΰüͷ΢΢󣺡ûваڲ𣿡
½ԣסƬ̲ŵˡ
½ԭȵļƻǴ죬һ̽ΰ׶̶ȣһǲɫΰϵҩ
˭룬ǰԶԶ롣
£½òסԼ
ԵļԲȶ/
еʱĥ
⣬ղ˵ЩӦѾΰЩ
Ϊ˱ΰ׶ִ½òΰűȽϺã˸ںͶԷǣʦһһЩ̨ûȲˡ
ΰ׵ͷȥɡ
½ԣվԭضΰףͼӶԷҳᡣ
½˰죬һûҳ
½Ϊʧ⿪ʼ
ΰ׷Լ˵֮½ȫûҪߵ˼ﲻ
˵̨ûбվﲻĻ
һ﾿ʲô
ΰװ˼⣬ֱӿѯʣ½ʲôأ
½գգۣһǿЦҸոڻ飬ܲסʦ̫ˣУҪǲҵĻҲ֪ʲôʱܻ񡣡
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬ½ͻ𼱻תȥˡ
½Ӧôΰôû뵽ġ
ǵæȥӰΰײ֪Լ뻹ôģȻӶԷҵĲУĶӵ˼
Ƭ̣ΰջߣҡҡͷ
½ԽԽˡ
Է仯ʱڵ㣬ΰ׷־Ȼڱܾ˱졣
ѵֱ̫ף˺½һģ
뵽ΰײ˳ǡ
ɾʹˡ
ΰʲôܸƽ½˺ֲۣԷʱԪҵͨ쳹Ƭÿ䣬׼һ£ϾҪˡ
ΰԣòס˼ȥ򳡡
ûзӺãΰ׵ٲ״̬㲻ûᴫݼϢ
ΰײ붢šNGСӡֺڳƣֻñԼʮ־ԺЩ߰˼
Ԫһ£ڶϷʽʼ
ΰ״̬ˣݼȻͻˡ
ԼǱŸҶԵʣΰⳡϷֹûпǣһˡ
ݶϷǸϷǣҵѾʮˣûסΰ׵Ϸ
ΰ׵ĳɫӣⳡϷһξ͹ˡ
гϢʱϷǸпη
Ԫԣʮͬص˵ͷС⺢ү׷ιԡ
ĩˣԪ˵һ䣺ҵô꣬ǵһμԱ
ϷղŲӲסϷһĻ˵˭ء
ԭΪΰ׳ӶһϷ¡
û뵽ļϷΰһһݵøá
ԪҺƣΰǳʲô鵤ҩݼȻѸ٣
ѲɾǻȥϢ˰Եʣ
Ժϵ̲˵ľ񣬾Ͱ˷ŻȥϢʮºˡ
ԪҺܿͰ²񶨵ˡ
ϾͲڲϷԱˡ
ڳʵУһܿȥ
һߣ˹̧һʱ䣬־뷹Ͷˣͻ·š
ҪȥƬΰףٺͶԷȥĳԷ
ִƬʱϾչ
ųԱ½½߳ڳﰲĵ
ⲻ֪ΰ˲סˡ
ʱذСʱ֮ǰ
ΪԶǳ£˾챻ӰӺΧˡ
¹˾ȷ̬ԶǴãûܸıԷ̬ȡ
ۿʽҪ⣬ϰ弱æȥǱߣԶͷ¿ѹΰǰ
ʲô취ҪΰλСС
ּ飬ҵԶһͨɧΥԼͬвԶϰ˵ˣ˾Ϊ군ˣҲкùӳԣˣǱΥԼһӹģ
ԶЦû˵ҪǽԼƾʲôҪ⸶ΥԼ𣿡
ĩˣԶƹˤбǾѩңҲϷˡ
ԣһЦ˵棬ϰɲֹѩֶΡ
֪ЩǮԼԻؼˡ
ûֻҪ˾ߺЩԵͬ͵⸶˼ΥԼ𡣡
ûĴܸպù⳥
Ǹ裬ÿ¶Ʒѹȥ
һûǮʲô³ͲҶ˵˰ɡ
ÿ˵һ䣬ԶɫͲ԰һ֡
˵꣬ԶɫͰֽѾûʲô
ԶԭΪֻҪ˳ȦԺͲ鷳ˡ
˭룬еԶĶࡣ
¹زĸףԶûа취ֵˡ
׽ԶһĽţšơˣɡաϳˡ
ס˼ɤ˵ʵ˾߲ҪʲôֻҪܻΰԭ£־С
Զ˿ֻǵǸô򵥣
ӴջȣȻϰ廹˵ˣ³֮󣬿ǰԼ
⻰һԶ˲̧۾ʵ˻棿
Ц棬ֱ黹档
Ϊ͹˾ϣԶԼһˡ
ΥԼ̫ߣ㲻ԲʮϷܲǮ
ͻȻ˾е
ȻĻֻﰾţֱͬڡ
˭룬˾ξȻɿڡ
Ҹ̫ͻȻԶһʱⷴӦں۵׵ơ
عʱѾڸסĨƣЦӯӯʵԶĴ𰸣
Զᣬջǰʵ£ãȥΰ׵Ǹ
Զȥΰס
ڵһĻ
ΰһϷǿνֶŸϻȥԷ
û·ͱԶľסͺ˵һеûģΰ׼ֱˡ
Զ£Զͣʹɫӣΰ׾쳣ʵʲôЦ𣿡
˼룬ʦʲô˼
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼȻΪʲôұݸЦĿ



215 Ͷι 
⻰һס
ҵѾЩͷ
˵ǽƾˣȦЩľˡ
ڹ˾Ǳ׷άĴڡ
ܶСԱΪԴǸǮͱġ
״̬άּƮƮȻ
ΰôӣɫ
ܿͽϵɫڸסظղŵڨЦ
ΪڷƢ֮ǰǰλЩûСԱ
ɫ仯ԣȫѲΰ׵۾
ΰײ֪϶ƿڴһ飬˵ʺʮ˴
ñĶӣΰеķֶ˼֡
ۿɶԷȥٹһСʱû
ƣʮƣΪϼơ
ûʲô֮󼪸õˡ
뷨ΰƹǰˣڡ
״æ׷ȥҪקסΰ׵ĸ첲
ΰ֮ǰ˸ۣһֱעĶ
ƳҪΰ׼æӿµĲ
Ÿ߸ЬǸڶˣȻ׷ΰס
£ֻܼϣԶŸϽ׷
ԶѹŹǸѾоˣ׷ȥǸġ
ڶվŲ
Զ׷˼Ȼһźͣ˵̫ܵˣ׷ϡ
ɵӣȻóԶոûþȫҧгݵ֪֪е˹ҪŴծˣ
ԶȻ֪
֪ϢҲŽ
Ϊ˵˾ҪˣϰԲŹ
ԲڴĸףԶһν̬ȣסвӿ豣֤ٸһλᣬһΰ׺úõǸ
飬Ϳʼ䳰ȷˡ
Ƚ⣬ӰӺͱ̬ˣֻе˵Ǹá
˵Զˣ˶ܴΪǸ
üֱһͷ
Զͷ۲۵ľ¿Ϊ¼ȴıߡ
ЩģԶԼӣܻΰ׸ø
뵽תͷԹղˣʵʵ˼ҵǸ˭á
ѵĵʱԶرӦ
Ƭ̣ŵ˵ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
˴ظ׼ھƵ׵㡣
ʱΪԼɹĵΰ׻֪˲ˡ
ΰߵڣ׼ѰԼıķ߾ͱһĳ˹ȥ
ԽԽ죬ΰ׾͹ȥһ۳ƺš
ĿⴥǴϤ֣Լдͷĳƺţΰ׾֪ϵ˭ˡ
ΰȥҲ࣬š
һ̣תͷĿƶ
ĿԣΰԼʵණ𣿡
ʵûС
ΰͷһʵ㶢Ҹ
ΰ׳֮ǰ˵ԽԽµ飬Щԥ
ˣΰҪ¡
ʣַ·һ̿ںץӸΡ
ᣬջѡرģõ⣬ҵĹ۲죬ӦչˡôʱųǲǱʲô鵢ˣ
ΰ룬ͷǰұԶľסˡ
Ǹ˺д󲡣˵һĪĻ
Ҫ˵Ǹİɣ;һʱ仹಻ԼʲôɫȻҺ
ҶûɫƾʲôҰɫ
˵ΰ׾е
ԣruaΰ׵Դʾǡ
˵겻ΰ׿ڣԹʵʲô
ôһʣΰ׵עתƿþûгԿˣȥһ£
ΰӵв׳ֵʡ
ʳ棬贲ô
ȽԱΰ׻ʲôͳʲô
ǿЩĴͣΰÿܳԸһްġ
ΰ׵飬ʳ棬ܾȻҲ⡣
ΰ׻䣬ڿ궨˸λá
ܿ죬Ͱѿַ˾
˾֮ǰλʱʱҪһͰмĵʡÿÿĻ档
ΰ׼״ЩȣȾЩ졣
ע⵽ˣΪΰϷˣʶչȥʵʦҪĦ𣿡
ΰʵҪǲ֪ôշѵġ
֮ǰױ׼һ׾ͺá
ΰװŰʵģ
ףһֿصȻС⣬ȫͷͣͯۡ
⻰ΰһЦ˳ݵûͦ¶
ǡǹΰ׵
û壬üۼ䲻һã֮ɫ
Ϊ˷ֹݣԽٴչȥʵղ˵ʲô
ΰҡҡͷûʲô
ֻЩ棬ΰĺֶ˼֡
ΰײ̫˵û׷ȥ
˵Уʱ䲻֪ˡ
ͣµʱΰһĨȣô͵
̧һʱ䣬ʮӹȥˣܿ𣿡
ΰԣȸȻʮӣҹźˣʱȫûио
ǣ΢΢һЦ˵ɵġ
ĩˣ³Ͻ·Ķӽ˺üأ϶˰ɡ
ΰ򴽣е㲻˼
״ֹ⡣
ΪǰλãҺͺǱùк˸ս£ԱͰѲ͹ˡ
¯һȣΰ׾Ͱ廨⡢ţԼţ˰ȥ
ţҪܶ࣬úܿ졣
ǰ󲻹ӣЩţȫɫ
ΰײҪս̵
˷ȷϷţѾ͸ˣͰȫнΰ
ΰסһգգ۾ʵ㲻԰
һ߷ſ¯һ߻شΰףȳԣûô
ΰ׺ɵؿһۣģ
ףģͰĳ˰ɡ
ΰⲻȥţȥߣ㽫һڸҵҵġʦ
һٶʵһ£˼Żع
ʢȴΰ׵עſ죬˽ȥ
̬ȣΰ׺⡣
ΰ׸֮࣬¶Ͷι
£γһֵĳ
ҵҵΪԼСڿ⣬ΰǸλʦͶι
һһιҲֹ
Ҫеڳ϶ᱻĹҭ
Ա㣬ڿϢ˼ӣ˾Ƶꡣ
ΰ׳Եеţȥ԰Ȧٻط䡣
ҹɫΰ׵İȫ⣬۶Է˵ЩʲôҪš
ΰ׾ҪҪʱһȻ˽



216 ԶǸ 
ʦڻˣ
ǰΰˢ΢ͬʱһûһغ졣
ͻȻôһʵΰ׾ˡ
ΰסƬ̣üͷʵʲô𣿡
֮⣬û¸Ͻߡ
ΰԭţѾʾ̶ֳȣ΢е˶Ծ뿪
ȻǧΨ©һ㣬ԷҪС
ⲻ֪վǰѡ׵һ̣Ѿѡ档
ţΆֲЦˣæһЦݡ
Ҫϸ۲ܷ֣Цֺ֮á
׼ڵʱȴԼΰǸƷǷ˶ˡ
ղһ˼ΰϣټ֮ǰλڹ߱Ƚϻ谵λãûע⵽ԷĴڡ
ڶԷǰŷΰױλУȻԼǰ
Ƕ˼룬ͱ亹̲ס˸¡
ЩߵĻڸ˵
ΰ׼״ƲƲ죬ƳһԵ˵߰ɡ
΢΢ףԼסΰףߡ
ΰӦáǵ㷳˲ɢ
ĩˣΰ̧ͷ¶һЦݡ
һĻǵĶҪڻˡ
Ҫ棬סΰ׵׸
Ϊ˿סǹɴ뷨ֻñԼĿΰŲ
ΰǰͻȻһȵȣ
תͷȥŲԶˡ
ٴʧȥ
֮£Զĳ΢ǿ㡣
ӵĿ⣬Զ˿ӲͷƤڣΰףʱ䣬ġ
ΰ룬ѡӦаɡ
˵겻ԶڣΰԹʵȥģ
ԶƬ̣ҼǵҾƵԴȥİɡ
ΰûȥ·
;Уΰ׿ǰǵӰ͸˵ƿƵģζӳ¡
ûзľ籾Ǽ֮ǰʵͦԶԱš
ЩݼϲԱԶΪ˵͵ݼԱֱҪϲˡ
Զжһֱûкȱľһݻ
ΰױƻˣɱ˾ͻع˾һ£ûʺԶԴ
˭룬ƻûüʵʩԶڱͱһ
ΰΪʥĸǣûп㵽»Ե±ԹȥԷһѡ
º֣Ѿ㹻ԵԶˡ
Ƶò̫ԶҾ͵ˡ
ΰײ²⣬ԶƬƵö˳Ϊ˵Ǹ
¿ʼû˵һ֡
ôĿģԶľ˴ôǸ
εǸ㹻ģҲǲͨһ¡
Ͼ·ڣҪֻһʵĵǸˡ
ܿ죬ȫ˿ϡ
ΰ׺һߣԶһߡ
ΰ׺Զǡ˴˵档
ֻҪһ̧ͷ˵߾ͻײϡ
Զ֪οͷ˺óһʱ䡣
ΰ׵ȵЩͷˣ̲סߴٵֻһӵʱˡ
ԶԣҲ˲Щеûˣæڣΰף֮ǰ˵Ϊ˸ԼϷԸĶ籾ҲԣǸ
ΪһԱ΢۲Ǳ޿֮һ
ΰſòȻֱܹԶǸ黹Ǽ⡣
輸۵Ĺΰ׾ͷԶǸֻʵòͷ
û´ĻԶֱڶûԼд
ʵϣԶȷʵôá
ǸǵԼû˾Դزĸ׾Ҫˡ
ԶΪϷݵòΰӦ÷ֲˡ
ⲻ֪С˼ͱΰһ
ΰ׾û˼קҲϲǿȻôû⣬Ǿ˰ɡ
ԶɻĿУΰ׹ǻ˵ǰչʾݼ
£ΰ״˳ȥ
һɸΰ׵Ĳ
˽ӣ֪ĻΪʲô׷
Զһ޷һŸ߸Ьж㣬ֻԶȥ
ԶعԵľһ
ҧгԶǳ²࣡
Զǡһʾ˻ȥôôûΰס
˵ģΰûɱڣһԡ
ϧΰӰ룬׷ȥ
һŭϰ϶Źġ
飬ȻûôˣС˵㣬Զڲ㳳ܡôΰ׺ˣҪ¡
Զٳ䡣
Ǿôһ˵Ͱס˵ĳ嶯
ȷʵ֮ҪȰΰ׺á
ΰ֮ǰϵĿǳһͷϣ٤
Զȫ֪ΰ׾ȻǲϷó
Ҫ֪ղΪΰףʮɹˡ
ΰײһ㣬һֱΪ˵ΰݼֻǴ
ֱԶЩԱûƭ
ΰݼôãĴгĻΪǵ㾵ͷĶ籾
һʱ䣬Զ뷨ҡ
ԶߺɢΰǱվҪࡣ
˷䣬ΰ׾Ͱļһ֮Ժ̱ɳˢ΢
е㹤û꣬ΰףűʼǱԷԣĹβ
һΰ׾еۣ
Ƴڴΰ¶Էĸ첲ʵ׼æ𣿡
ԣͣסеĶתͷʵЩôˣ
ΰ׹˹ӣЩʧûôĴá
⻰һ˼ŵҵĴã
ΰ׵ͷ԰Ҫеۣһ
СڵҪǲܾģӣҰһ㶫Ūꡣ
ΰ׹ԹӦáȻο
˭ס
ΰ׵ע£·˼Ѫһ㣬ָڼϷɣٶȿòӰˡ
˵õʱ䣬Ӳӡ
Ƿʼ֮ٶȺϵԣԼĴá
ΰ׶Դ˺⣬ȥһգġ
·ͻȻûκ׼ⷴӦ
عʱΰѾͷĴϣֻ
ֱֱΰ׷۵Ĵϣʿˮ
֪ǲǽĿ̫ˣܾرڿʡ
ڣͺˮ
ڹϴΰ׻֪˶ˣ
Σΰ׳һϣ׼Եʳˣŷֲ̫Ծ
̧۾һˣ
ΰǰ˻ӣЦĿʵôÿ𣿡
˭룬ȻͷƵģֱһ䣺ÿ



217 ߳ŭ 
ֱ׵Ŀ佱ΰǰӣЩмܲס
ΰ˼룬˿Цӣ
ԣع
ȻΰϵźΣ·ʱ˵ϼ
£ٴη㶡
з̹⣬ɫжļƣΰ֮Щȡ
Ƕ೤ʱ䣬ȻöԷʳӣ
ϸ㣬ȷʵ˺ܾá
ΰױͦöԷǾˡ
ʱ֮ΰ˼Ρ
뵽ǱûиϷ㣬ΰ׾ĴιԣʡöԷ֪Ͷˡ
ΰ״⣬˴ĳڷ㶵ɵ˵ȥϴ衣
Ժ컵Ļ汻ƣγѰգգ۾βŵ͵Ӧһá
ܻعûг׻ָ
ȥԡҵĹУһֱڴĦΰʲôϫŶӶ˼
ûзֿ֮ǰΰÿδߴȥϴ裬ǵͬ룬һ֮Ľ
ôˣΰҪ˼ǲǺǰһ
ǵߴȥϴ裿
ΰû˵ƾʵ޷ȷ
Լ⣬֮ǰһ»ԼλСڵķУ
ΰױľǸ˼װ״һѵĻᡣ
һʱ䣬ľС
̫ȫ̶ڻе߶ûнġ
͵߽ԡҵʱ򣬱̨װһ¡
Ҫ̹ȣʱס壬Ҫˤʺ
ܱˤĲ״ɲɱײԡҵĲţˡ顪һ
ΰæܹȥʵô£
ͷû£СײһŶѡ
ΰԣײúһĶǣżҪˣ˵û£
Цһû£¾ͻˡ
ΰҵҩƸģζԷԸ⣬ֻա
Ϊ˷ֹΰ߶æԡ
ΰ׼״ԡö˶š
ǸɵǵʰԷһٲɣ
뷨ΰ׻صɳ£Ŷȵȴԡ˳
˽⣬Էϴʮӡ
ⲻ֪Ƚ⡣
ϴʱڴĦΰ׵ͼʱ䡣
ֱһź֪ʵôˣ
ΰżżԡҴ˰Сʱˣǲ岻
ΰ׵ģæصûУѾϴˡ
£Ͱˮص
֪û£ΰ׽ڵԷɡ
˵ģҪһظƻἱֱŶ롣
뵽ΰЩԼ΢һ¡
ȥԺ϶ᱻ˵¡
̰ͼɫ֮ͷ
ΰ׹Ǹ棬;ͷƤ顣
˹߻ôߣҪǶԷסġѱ϶ǩࡰɥȨԼ
⣬Ǳˡ
ΰ׸ԲʱԡҵźȻ
ΰʶתͷȥֻһͷʪ˳
ƤˮӷҴ׹䣬µϣû˯ڵ
һĻΰǵ̲סʿˮ
ò˵̱ð桱ջԶʤһ˿ҡ
ΰ׺ٻСҪɫɫͷ
ᶨ뷨
̼䣬ĳϵĻѸռΰԺ
ΰ˿סԤ˵ȱ˯ϴ衣
һɾ޴ϲӿͷԼ飬ͼżӦãһ
Ŀԣΰ׸оԼǵС˼񱻶ԷʶˣæŲߡ
ĩˣΰߵ¹ǰһ˯£𼱻ܽԡҡ
ǽӣ֪ĻΪԡʲôö΢ȥͻᱻߡ
ƽѵƼΰ⸱ģʮȤ
ͷͬʱ¼ȴӦ͵ɷһ㣬ڴߵȴԡ˳
ڴڼ䣬ҲûţڴĦԼСڵ˼
ΰг֮Ľǿ̫òˡ
Ȼΰײ˼ţҲԵ̫顣
ϾΰԼҪġ
˼ɣΰǱҲûõȥ
뵽ȻҪͷϵ¶ȾһֱӸ߲¡
ΰգ̵ö弦ˡ
Եͷ
ͬΪˣ֧
ΰһϴһ߸Լｨ裬ϴǰһ
·ΰߵǰžͨˣȻЩй
ҪƼˣ϶Ц
ΰҧҧﰵ
˵ϴȵġ
ǰܲЦ˰ɡ
ΰ׾ӲͷƤԡţ̵ߡ
۾ᡱһð⣬̧۾ֱֱΰס
ΰ׼״оԼ·˷˿ϣ
ӦΪԵľöҪγѪˡ
ȵ÷·ܰڻĿ⣬ΰײȥˡ
˵ÿ£
ΰ׸оԼҪǹȥ϶ᱻԷԵùͷʣ
뵽ΰ׾ͣ˽Ų
˵ȣΰվﲻɴ߹ȥʵôͻȻˣ
ΰ׵ͷصûûô
𰸣һ㶼ţģ
˵겻ΰ׿ڣʣΪʲô̧ͷң
ΰײ֪λشԱֳĬ
ΰˡװ·ӣЦˡ
Ƭ̣Цݣ۾չȥĪˣ
⻰һΰ̧ͷ·˲ȵβ͵èµëëû£ʲô飿
üߡ
ܶʱ»᲻ͼԷ
˵Ķʦ
ΰ׾ǸɵӣҲóڶ
һ֮£ΰʹ̵ľûзʱ򣬰ѶԷƵߡ
׽ľȣΰĵ⣬һ
һ룬˫˫ڴϡ
ΰ֧첲ϰµˣװͰ͵ӣû˵ڻ𣿡
лһ䣺ֻ˵߳ŭ
ΰ׻ûüڣԹʵʦǺ𣿡
ۿԽ˵Խףΰ׼æչȥס˶Է졣
ôû뵽ֻϹ˵ɧǵΰ
֪Ӧÿ϶˵ǡ
һͷΪΰѹԼ¡
ڴ֮ǰΰΪ
û뵽ûüʾ͸Ƶҧ
Ĺ£ΰ׺ܿмܲס˶ġ



218 ϵ 
ⷽ츳ΰ׸Ķ֡
ӵʱ䣬ΰ׾ͱԷ׵ôһƬհס
ʱ˿̣ΰ׸оԼ·һСڲӿĺƮ
ԼǱ˵ԵʣεĹƱǰҪࡣ
ΰ׺üҪŻݵػһ¡
ʾԷɿ
޲һڳԵΰףʣ޼ǽ
ǵãѹµλǸỻС
šɳչԭֻóŸ첲ΰһʱ䡣
ò˵ΰüͷ΢岻ͣβȾ֮ɫģǵûҪ۸Էĳ嶯
ͷһƬȣָȥΰס
ΰ׵ɴ۾㶼㡣
һһ븹
˿£˺ܳһʱĸ¡
һ½ΰڴϣ۾ֱ㶶ʶԺһ뷨
ͲӦˣ
һ˵һһ׾ˣƵıһҿϡ
վӾ֪ǿ϶ܶݮӡ
ȥױ϶÷Ѻܶ覸ࡣ
Ҷǳˣʲôһ۾ܿ
½ʱʱͻῪΰ׸оԷƼЩӡӣ϶˵µģ
ΰ׹Ǹ棬Ѿʼڣҽָͷַӿ۳һ
ΰһ㾢
ȵĿУΰ͵ҧסԷĲ
ֱһ˿Ѫζӿ졣
üͷһƺ߿ߣʦӰ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬԹ˵һ䣺ҾûйҲпͣôҡ
ΰԣֱõ࣬ףΥȡ
˼룬һΪԼôΥˣ
ΰָǴƬĲݮӡĹĵʼ֮ǰҾѹ㣬ҪؿλۼʱӦúúõģתͷ͸һɶ
˵еˣֲǹġ
ΰҧҧŭĿԲȷ;ҿѹüΣ
ΰо²ŵļƣæһתұȥϴ衣
ΰײɵӣټϻתӲȻóҪתע⣬첻˵˭˯ˣ
ԣٲŵ̬ҪˣæչȥҴˡ
ûзֿǻΰ׻ĵǸ
ԴӼʶǸʮָɴȴûҪĵ;˲š
ΰ˿ʵˣ
⻰һɵˡ
ΪǸΰû뵽ԷȻˡ
̫ͻȻⷴӦ
عֻΰһˬͲֱд㡱֡
ΰ׸ղŵĻСĽصΥ
ΰԭţͿԽ˻ʰԷһ١
˭룬⾹Ȼˡ
ΰ׾һȭ޻ϣý
ΰױ죬һԱȥˡ
״۵׾ãȻ
Σס˼չȥʵұȥϴòã
ΰ;ûʮܣ۵ûš
ǿ´ûͻΪڵء
ȻȥֲԸ⣬Ͼոֵò̫졣
ѯʣȻûоܾĵ
ΰײ̫⣬û̴Ӧ
ֱ˵ڶ飬ΰ°ͣһصаɡ
ΰ̬һ
ҺλСڲѺ壬ǲ˯ˡ
·ǳԡȥ
źˮ߻شߣԼڱеΰףȽԡҡ
һǰһûҿ԰ϴ衣
ĩˣŵҾǵϴ裬ġ
ΰ׳˳ǣЦһʣһ𣿡
ǰϴ裬ʱɵˡ
ʲô
ѹԡ˰ޣϥǶˣ
ǰ֮ǾԲĹˣ
뵽ΰ׷˸޴İۣ˿ûԼ˵죬ƭ˵Ĺ
²۵̫ǿңΰֲһ䣺ҾͲ䲻ȥʲô𣿡
εֻϴѡ
ΰƲƲ죬˼ѾƲˡ
ûа취ͽԡ֮󣬾Ծ˳ԡңʡöԷڸˡ
ʶľУΰ׺⣬ĲˬɢЩ
ˮ֮ǰΰϰ̽̽ˮ¡
ˮ쳣ʣΰü
Ӵ룬ԽԽСϵѡĸоˡ
ΰɽԡף±ˮţƣࡣ
Ϊͺƣˮ̫ΰ׺ܿ͸оˡ
ΰײôֻȫƾ־ǿš
ϧͬɽ˹ΰ׸мܲס
ûãΰװϵ۾׺ϣʶŵںڰ֮С
˶ʮӣΰûгЩ֡
һ£̫ûдȱķգæԡҵŽȥ
ĿⴥƲʡµΰףͫһ
ȥʧ˱׼·ȥҽԺʱ򣬻ͻȻ۾ֵҪģ
⻰֪ʵû£
ΰһĪʲô£
ΰĵӣ̫Ѩͻͻֱôʱ˯ţ
ҲӦó˯Ŷԡ
Ҳߣˮ֮󱻶ðΪȱ⣡
˵˷ŷԼϣƨɡ
ȻûǾʧĳ̶ȣûö
Ϊΰ˵׵ϷQ
ΰ׻عסƨɸʣֲСƾʲôң
ڣΰֵǼұ֪֪ҪȥҾץ㣡
ССĽѵһΰף֪ôΣյ鲻ٷ
û뵽ΰ׵ķӦô
һʱ䣬޴롣
ΰˣͳûӶԷȥ
Ȼΰ׺ԼǸ͵״̬ȥΪˤˡ
ۼֿ죬ʱסΰס
ȻĻΰ׾Ҫˤʺ
Σֲٶΰ˵ػԷĵִ
ᣬѡĬһԲ˱شϡ
ΰԭţ
ˣûֱ׳ˡ
֮£ΰֻܴԭȵ뷨׼ֱ˯ˡ
ΰ׹ȻʶԼû·ʹ˴Եˡ
ʶתͷȥʵôˣ
ΰҧҧЩᡣֱһ飬˵ܸܲ˯£



219 Ƥ̫ 
ոճһٴͣõúܣȻûвӦĵ
ΰױ˵Ҫȥ˯£ҪͳС
뵽һЦ
ΰЦµļƤͬð˳
˽⣬ԷЦ׼û¡
ΰ룬˸˯£ȽϺá
Ϣһʱ䣬ΰ׸оָЩ
Ȼñ绹졣
ΰֻ΢ŲӣͲСǣĳʹõĲλ
һ룬۸д̼ᶼӿˡ
ΰ׵ļƻ̥С
֮£ΰֻٴ˯¡
عϲõϢãȥá
Цÿȵҵɵӣ޲ڷһܱĵϲãΰʵûۿˣѡס۾۲Ĳ
ĺô
ȻǰǸĹ񰡡
ΰ²۵ʱ𣺡ţ˯¡
ΰ̧۾
ֻվڴߣǴλεЦ⣬˯¡
ΰһסˡ
ò˵ĳʮܴ
ڴ̧ۿȥǶȣûԷһ˿һ˧
ΰ֮ʣĪÿڿʣʶʿˮ
ĩˣΰ򴽣ȴûо˿⡣
˹ˣûٺˮ
һĻòײѹȥȼ
ǵԷˣֻһɤżɳƾ棺Ҫòҡ
Ϊΰ׹Ե㣬Ӵȣⲹһ䣺Ը
ΰ˼룬µСǵͨ죬˭˭òˣ
ԭмֲȷΰ⸱ı飬֪ԼĲ²û
Ǹսȴϲʱʱò
Ǵҿеġְֲ桱
ҡҡͷʧЦ㻹˭
ΰ׼æҿûò㣬飡
ȨΰǱС˼߳ŭûкͶԷƽϣúúã顣
òΰ׿óɲġ
һʱ䣬ΰײּҪۡ
ͱȫ·Ϯ͸мá˻˺üͣ
״Ц˲䱻ȡһ߷ΰһ߽ѵö˶˵ʲô
ΰҧƿһҪȥսĹ£ȻΪҵս
⻰˵ûͷûβʲô
ΰĥĥոոˮ˵ò㣡
ԣǺǺЦΪС£
ΰϴʻص¹ϣС£
Ϊΰ׵С룬òòúúã˵ˣԲ𡣡
ΰԣɻȥߣӦû
ΣȴӼСڣ˯𣿡
ΰױ۾ǰصͷ򰲰ɣСӡ
˰ޣҲˣûٽӻ
ʱȵĺ
ԭһ硣
Ϊûΰ׾ûжӣ˯Ȼѡ
û뵽̫Բˣֱ˯ࡣ
ΰ׿ʱʱ򣬵һӦԼۻˡ
գգ۾ٿ
ֵǣǱûд绰
ѵ鼯ż˲ɣ
ΰ׾Щ֣绰ȥʡ
ͨŷֻ֣һͨ¼ڽһ㶼ʱ
ƳΰײҪҪŶԷ
ʱϵˮ׼ˮ
ΰ׼״æڣ¶
ͣ¶ʲô£
ΰʵǲֻ;ϵˣ
ʵǰǻ˯ú㣬һʱѲˣŰ;Ǳ˸١
ΰײ̫ˣЩʵǾٴ𣿡
ΰ׹˹ӴûС
ʣȻûƣôˣ
ΰûвˣֻеСŤ٣Ƕ֪ôˡ
ˣΰǺ߰
ʵʱ䶼ûôڹ۾˶֪ôˡ
ƣʳɫҲ
Ҷǳˣϻһ뽻Ǻ
ףΪΰ׵Ƥ̫ˡ
û취ֻܷŵԷû˻µģ㲻ҪڼԼԼ
ΰ룬ȷʵ
˱̬֮⣬˭˷֮¡
ΰ׵ɫתЩһ
˼٣ҪȥƬϷΰ׸о·ͿˣɻȥЪ
¼ӣһ
ΰʶȥҿ˭ˡ
緹ˡ
ΰڼ䣬Ѿ緹ȡˡ
ΰģһӣ緹ϣ߹ȥԷԴʵСʲôأ
ΰʶһ䣺ûʲô
һΰ״һ´֪ʵղźʲô
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰֵ㾹ȻС
ǲƤˣ
ˣҿ첻Ϸߣ
סΰ׵ͷ˷վ򡣡
ΰԣɵؿһۣļٵģ
׵ģԲƭ㡣
֤ΰڴȫǣŶԷſ˫۵
ƽʱѵüΰһӾͱȻˣȥ˱
Цɵɵģΰﰵ
ɵ
ǶЧһð
˳Թ緹ΰ׸оӳŵûţûϻشţɳˢ΢
ΰͬСŵȥ׼ҵ¹ԡ
˭룬һȥͱ΢ѵĵһԶǸ סˡ
ΰԭΪԶڿʱֵôйⱲӶǸˡ
ŹȥðԶ罻ƽ̨Ǹ
˾Ǳûٸѹ
ȷʵΰײµĲࡣ
Դΰﳤȥо鲻ڵһʱϱϰ塣
ûãϰԴ绰Զͨ뺡
Զܺΰף͵ΥԼɡ
Եǿѹͷߡ
οԶ²𣬸㲻ǿǸΧ
ƫƫʱҽʦϵԶ˵оһҩЧǰĺúܶ࣬ΩһȱǼǮȼ۸ߣѯԶҪҪĸ׻ϡ
Զĸһģʮ񣬵֪Ϣ˵Ҫҩ
˫ѹ֮£Զֻðչ˾˼¼һƵ΢ϸΰ׹Ǹ
ϴΰ˵û⣬³ܹ˰ɣ
ʵϣΰûио⡣
ǵ֪ԶиеĸҽԺʹ·ƪˡ



220 ڻص۶ 
ΰΪʥĸͬʯĳˡ
ԶⴧⲢˮ£ΰȷʵӦ
ҪԶһѵöԷʵǸŻ·ƪ
뷨ǽ֪Զĸ֮ǰ
ԶϾɱ
ΰ룬һֻ۱һֻ۾ǵõĴ취
֧첲Եˣͺ˵һٸԶĹ˾ʩѹˡ
ԣһҲ⣬ʦ㻹ǺǰһӲ
ԶǱʲôֵȻҪΰ
˵ʵӸΰ׵Ԥϵ˶Էľ
Ȼΰ׾׷ˡ
Զʵûٸ۶ӣû
ȻԶþգǾԲġ
ΰɲ
ͺǳ˵˲׷ǳپӶҪˣ磬ʲôʱôĴˣɲ簡
˵겻ڣǳԹԵ֪ˣ϶ɩӵľ
ԣЩ߳ŭ֪㻹˵
ǳٹЦ磬Ȼʹ˱̬
뵱꣬Ǹôʯĳ˰
ǵģÿһûк³
ɩӵͷ磬ֱﵽⶼ˸С
̸¡
һѵ٩ϹҲסֱ˦һ־Ͱѵ绰ϡ
ǳֻﴫæǺǺЦ
ԽԽȥˡ
ŵ٩˼䣬ܲסˡ
˵䲻ģĵİ
ʱǳ²۵˹ҵ绰֮´̨߻ط棬Ѵȸΰš
ֱΰ׻˴ϣŻص칫ǰδɵĹ
ʼ֮ǰһ£Լʱһ촦Ĺڵ۶˶١
㲻֪һһ
ߵĹЧʣڵ۶һ롣
ѹ⼸ﰵʾٶԽԽ
֪ȥУֲ뿪ΰ硣
ǰ϶ԥص۶
һˡ
ΰѱɱҪĴڡ
Ȼлһ̫ԭ
ôʱ䣬ںò׿Իָ͡߶Լ٣ǰȱʧЩ
һʱ䣬ľС
һ˼ǣʱ
ʱܳסŲס˵ɡ
߶ͣ΢һ㡣
սԷˡ
ͼΰߣǰʮѵһ¾á
ⲻ֪Ķˡ
͡ĸ᰼ֱһ˷ֳá
ŵ˵ѾһûϢˡ
ҪŴźʰˡ
׬Ǯ٣ȥԼڹλϡ
ţҪϢʱ򣬶ԷȻһϢ
ʱˣս㷭
㣬ȥսһٶ
ûսӦúȥࡣ
շ㣬Ǿң
ֳԺеʱ˫۾ᡱһ

ȻԼֿˣ
һ²Ϣʲô
ֻҪǮλ²Ϣ
ִ򿪣
ԭ΢ʵں޲öԷǱ߶¡
׬Ǯٶȣڵ۶״ƽ㲻Զˡ
˺üſסԼϲ飬һϢ
һṼҵ
յ֮󣬶Դһ㶼⡣
᰸ߺüˣԷǵ뷨ͱ͸ˡ
˵ǮõļѪ
˹ϵ飬ЩˣͰѹһԣȥΰ˯ټܶ
ߵߣ׼ѯΰ׻ѲܵʱȴԷѾ۾
һΰ׵˯գʧЦ˯øСƵġ
ЦҡҡͷȻƹβߵһ࣬ƿȥ
ȷûгλСڣ첲ڶԷ䣬ὫԼ˴
Լϰ˱һûôΰ׾Լ˹
״ϲ
ĩˣѹǣŻ˽硣
Ϊ˯˺ܾãû˯ܾá
࣬ΰһ
ΰ׶˶ӣһĸ첲Ǹ֡
⸱ӣƻһʱ䡣
볳ȥһ⣬Լڴϡ
ΰ˼ӣʵ̲סˣֻļѡ
˯óΰ׺˺üûܺѶԷ
ڰҪըĸо̫ǿңΰ԰ȼӴ˼֡
ͬʱȥߺѡ
ΰֱ֪Ӻѳ˯ˣܻѶԷһ
ںʱųô
ΰ׵Ŭ£ʵҵСڣҪʲô
ΰԣӣЩ˼صҿҪˣϽҷſҵȥ䡣
ԭΪΰǹû뵽Էȥ䣬һʱΡ
Һסûжΰ׷Ƣ
ϴ󣬾˰͹ˡ
ԹŽ춼ûôΰ˻죬͹ȥˡ
һ߹һ߸пʮУĵһˡ
ʲôʱص۶Ѿˡ
Ҫΰ״ɱٻȥ
ϧƻԶϲϱ仯
û죬ͱһͨ绰ˡ
˾ǱЩҪȥ
ǰţҪȥˡ
ԼǼˣΰѾЩܲӣһʮҾɱˣøƵġ
дʵ֪֪иʽжꣿ
ΰ׿ڣֵʮʮ꣬ĺþð
ΰǳ˳飬һ˵ô㣬ɴһ͵ˡ
Ħָ⣬˼һصҲǲС
ۿҪңΰ̧һʱ䣬һת˵£ٹСʱ͵ʱˣ㻹Ͻȥ
ΰôһ˵ȷʵʱ䲻ˡ
֮ǰҪȡ㸣뷨ָָԼգʾΰ׸ס
Ȼΰײ
˽⣬һ˶Էգ϶иʽǵ
һȥ֪Ҫʱ䡣
һˣһҪԴΪˡ
һôʱ䣬ΰװͲϽߣȻԷӵĵ
ΰ׺ܾˣ붼룬Ͻȥ
׼ȴΰһס죬˴Ƴ档



221 սڨ 
ûӦž͡顪һˡ
ͽһվɵۡ
Ƭ̣عǰȹصʵʵţĥĥ
ҪûʱȽϽȣȥǰ̨Ҫĵӿȥΰô¡
Ÿϼ죬ΰ׾ûˣ
һͨɧ鲻Ը뿪
ʱſ͸è۹۲ΰ׼״νһ
Һʵʵˣ治֪Ǻá
ʧ߷Χ֮ΰֱĵ˯ȥˡ
绹ϷҪģɵϢˡ
ҪϢӰ״̬ƵNGȣ;Ӱ춼ܴ
뷨ΰɵϲãͽ硣
ǹųǰ
ΰһոյǻ
սʾػʱɱЩ롣
˵׼ԼλСھҪϢء
ϧս飬ûյΰ׷Ϣ
ۿٲػҪ鳤ڿսע£鲻Ը˻
ս״ϵΪɢ
λΪǺչ˾ĻԱܵġ
˵ģѶԷѾñ׼ˡ
û뵽ܶԷ鲻ãȴûǨŭˡ
˧𣬺ȴ󲿷ǮҪãս㲻ЩĶ
սг档
òиڡ
ȻǰЩͷͺϡ
òи΢㣬Ǹһװٰ˵Ĵӡ
·ʹûţַӻιȥ
֮£ֱɡ
òץסᣬǿϧĻᡣ
ͳſʱ䣬һë̺߹ȥʵҪë̺𣿡
ΪԵòô⣬ⲹһ䣺յ¶ȿе͡
۶ΰףû˼ˣ˵ûУǰ˰ʾܾ
ܾЩɥ
ϾԴƾܾˡ
Ҳھ١
˿״̬ˣƤȰȫСʱյ¶еͣë̺ð
ԣ̧۾ͷȻȥѿյ¶ȵߵ㡣
ôû뵽ȻһŮ˲
ûܹסˡ
Σع¶ί
ţװԲˬλҲ⡣
Ȼ뷨ðͱʵݺݴˡ
ǵû˿ϵеĲͷˣʲôҪ㲻ҪϢ
ӣСС͵ҲǹϢֻһ㡣
⻰صҲҪ
βʮֲġ
Χ˷׷ͶĿ⣬֮رѿ
ʹٶ಻ᣬջǲ鲻Ըȥ
ﰲοԼСʱȫҸ
ⲻ֪ǰŸߣž͸˵ȥҳ񳤣ֵܺµˡ
Ӧáȥˡ
ڴ֮ǰ֪˶ٱ⣬νᳵ·
ܿ죬żεĳ汻񳤺˹ȥ
ǸŮǿˣϲƵķʽֱӿżɽ쿪ʼͣһ¡
ˣæѯԭ򣺡Ϊʲô
Цɸֻص㻹ʣԼʲô²֪𣿡
˼·ϸһ£ĳһӰ
ĩˣץų񳤵ĸ첲ǲλ
񳤳첲һƽϵһ߻صûλ
˼˵ŵˣܲá
棬ҳмɫⷽȺܶơ
Ҳϸ룬Ф𣿡
ųɫҰ׵ӣ񳤾öԷеû⡣
룬ϣͨνѵܴȡѵ
Ժʵʵ̤ʵء
ϧ񳤵ԸעҪˡ
һ
ԽȰؼԽǲ
һȣͳͷȲգȥǰʵˣ
ƽƻû֪֮ˡ
ûԷȫȨȥ
յָʾ̵ǰ˵λС㣬Ͻ뿪ҪϢ
ĩˣֵһͬ£ʾԷϽȥҳ񳤡
һλᣬܴȥˡ
ûãų񳤹
ⳡ־Գ汻ԱǿĻ
ͷȲջָ徻֮ĵһ¾ǶҪǷ֪¡
Ӧõġ
Щģ˵һ飺ס˰
λ֤֮£ǿ
ΰ׵˽⣬ԷҪ֪£϶ûкӹˡ
ΰƽʱܴȵӣһһ֪¡
òײų⣬ɱΪһЩ޹ؽҪֹǰصӡ
ȻǧΨû㵽ͷȲλ½ĺѡ
ŤͷͰµЦ˵½ˡ
½֮󣬾ƻͼӴ׸ΰס
תһ룬ΰô˵ܻԷĻɣʵʵ˵Чá
ϷϢʱ򣬽Ϣ֪ΰס
ΰüͷļٵģѲǿ˰ɡ
½Ȼģʱú棬˼Ƭ
ĩˣ½˷¼ֻݸΰף㿴
ΰɨһۣüͷøӽˡ
ƬЩȻûб飬ǻһеĸо
ΰΪȦȻ֪Ƭֶš
ֽǶƬ
ΰջߣɫ˵һ䣺֪չ֮ô¡
½ԭΪΰ֪㲻Ҳе㲻
˭룬ΰ׾Ȼô˿ŭļ
½ûȤ˸ˡ
ⲻ֪ΰֻǱϵѡ
Ѿʺһ˱ˡ
ΰ׵ҹϷȫ꣬԰Ϳչˡ
صƵ꣬ΰ׷ûгԣ͸һƵ绰ȥ
ʱڹ˾û°ࡣ
Ǵؼΰš
˭룬ΰ׾Ȼϵ
־ϲæƵ绰Է𣿡
ΰ׹˹ӣһˬصˣԸƨ
˼룬ôˣ
ΰƲƲ죬£Ҫʵ
˵겻ڣΰǿ̹״ӿܴϡ
֪ܲʲô£ΰӣֽţʲô°ôࡣ
ΰףɻʱǲиսˣ



222 ˵ѱ 
һ˼롣
ΰ飬Էô֪ģ
Ҫΰ˺ʣǲǷȦλСڡ
ڲǾԭʱ򣬶κŪΰס
ΰ׵˽⣬ԷǳԴ˵ġ
´õĻ϶ҪԲ˶ߡ
뵽æסȵɫ糣صûУֲʲôġ
Ϊɫת죬ΰ׾Ϳ
ⲻ֪СԱΰ׾۵ס
ΰԭţҪʵﲻ
Ȼѡ˵Ϊʵˡ
ΰԣɫ̳
״ʶʵö˶˵ɫôѿ
ΰ׷һЦö˶˵ģ
Ҫ˸ϢҿƬҾҪƭȥˡ
ûġ
һ㣬ҲԲԼ
ΰ˵꣬ȥΣֱӹҶϵ绰
ΰ׼ʱһƵ绰˹
ΰﲻˬȻӡ
־͸ˡ
˭룬ˡ
հѵ绰ˣָ˹
ⳡսʮӣΰĺľա
ΰװ˹ؽСΪڿ徻ˡ
ֻ΢ţֻŴ
ΰˣԽԷϵʽȫڣ΢ûŹ
Ľ˿û⡣
ΰôã˵ڶԷĵλ˺ܶࡣ
ոոǻΰ׹ƵһʱͰˡ
ڹȥΰףֻܽ΢źŸԷϢ
޹ΰ˵ȷʵǴ˵ġ
Կͷһ䣬ȸλСڵǸ
ΰûڣַɿ˵ȥ
ڴڼ䣬ν쳣ڡ
֪Ҫȫһֱӽ
ںˣΰ׺ŪȥԷûбŪȥˡ
𼱻Ǵ֣һӶûҶൢذϢ˹ȥ
ͬʱﲻͣ
ϣСڿʵĽϣҪˡ
صȴԷϢ
ȥ΢ʾû
һѵ΢ųbugˣ
룬ֵΰװ΢źҲˣ
ĳ²⣬̽Եظΰ׷һ
ʵ֤΢ûгbugΰҲû΢źš
ٲԸܣҲòΰ׹ⲻϢ
źڵĻ̾һ
֮£ֻȥСңöԷæ̽һ
ʱΰͷɷ
ϢǰһӣСǡ
һϷΰ׿νֶˣעȻһȫתƹȥ
ղֻ̫ɾģʽ
һûпЩϢ
ΰ˼ڷоеҭͺһ
ӵʱΰ׾طСûͬǰ극ߣǾɳϣֹ
СҪ˵ΰѯʣôˣ
С½ǣԥƬ̲̽˵һ䣺ʦǲǺܳ
ΰһ֪Сһʣ϶ˡ
š꼰޹ԭΰסеķ꣬ЦЦص㲻Ҫܡ
СҲܣܲסϼ縺ص
Ҫ֪Ĺʿġ
ʳĸû취ܡ
ΰûСΪֻ㳳䣬׳ŵȰʦ֮ûиҹͺúùͨҪڡ
ΰЦˣ⻰˵ģ
СҲ֪ΣʵǣԼ뷨
ΰױǣ˵ģЩ˾ôʶ࣬ҪǹײҲû취ˣȻͻȥɡ
ҲϲڲӪںˡ
ȥ贽µĹʣ˵ҿ㡣
⻰һСҵɵˡ
ôû뵽ԼȰܶѣȻȰûˡ
ΣСһعᶼҪˣʦûб˼ҪϲҾͲ˵ˡ
ΰﱾͷСôһ£ǰ÷겻
ΰײһ˾ͻˣֻ
СҲߣΰ׵ı飬֪ԼֻǵöԷᷳ
£СֻĻŻŵĸоָʾ˳ȥ
ʣΰһ֮ٴλָ
Ȼΰײû侲ꡣ
ֻ˼ڷڱСôһͣǳûθڡ
ΰûίԼϰߣȻԼԡ
Ҹʽ㷢ĻʹֻϷϼ˿
գĿˡҫ档
ΰжʱûˣһϷͬǰѡʦ
ⲻ֪ķʦˡ
ΰȫ̶ڱѹŴ
ԭϷйŭˣ
ΰײаڶѡóС槼
ȻԤһ׼һͷĳ治ûг֣ͷԷˡ
ˣиѻڲͣͷ˲òɶԷڹ̬
ΰΪѾˣû뵽αԷҰץ֮ǸҰʵԱתȦһ䡰Ǻǣò
λεĳΰֲɵӣȻó
ΰҧȾ˺ɫ
һ̣ΰΪⳡϷϾҪˡ
˭룬͸ĶŪƵģƫƫˮ
ȵΰ׸ϣշֱˡ
Ƴظ˼飬ֱΰòȪˮŰˮˡ
ΰ׵ƵĶ֣ûٿѡ
ĶϷŪʵùǺ
ĵǸûĻɢһЩ
ΰʮʢŭ£˵ƽʱ࣬׿ƲסԼûлظʡúͶԷ
˼ȥΰ׾ȥ¥µĽһˡ
ϷǱŰȥ˰ɡ
뷨ΰѸٻһ˶ŷš
Ȼ߳䣬һλ֮͡
Ŀԣΰ׳˳ǣȺͶԷкȴȣʦҪȥ𣿡
ˣΰ׿϶ԥءǡ
½Ƚ⣬һشˡǡԷһȥ
뵽ҡҡͷҲҪȥ¥½
½ϵ˴𰸣û٣ѯʣҪȥģ
ΰ򴽣ЩΣ¥ܡ
½ԣЦеȻҰ
˵겻ΰ׿ڣ½ⲹһ䣺Ҳȥҹܡ
ԵֲЦˡ
½˵˳Ͽңΰ׻治֪ôܾԷ
תһ룬½жˣǱһӱȽϺá



223 ͺ 
½εĿУΰ׾ܾˣǸϰһҹܡ
ΰԭΪѻ˵ϣǸҪˣپȥ
˭룬½ƤԶ
ΰ׸˵꣬ЦʦҽһˣԼ˼
½ûǻΰ׻Ӧ
Դ֮⵵ε¶ΰ׾;Ҫžⷽһпܡ
½ȫʱ˵Ѿˡ
£ñӡ
뷨ΰٴξܾˣҲϰߣϲ
оΰ̬쳣ᶨ½ϵЦݱסˡ
½ܿºųΰ²õӰ
½ɤӣһѯʶԷʦҿ죬;нƣĲһ𣿡
ΰѾٽľԵüͷڲ֪΢΢Ӳصǡ
Լܾ½һȵ£ѿڶΰףǲϲҹܣǲϲһҹܵˣ
ΰԣһ½ѵˡ
ΰѣ½ǰʱ䣬Լһѡ
Ϊľΰװĺദб˼
뵽¸»Ҫһ¼ơ֮á⵵գ½ΪԼղŵֻ⡣
ҪΰײǸνѸڣԷ϶ỳĿġ
뵽½һǰļ֣Ȼ㲻Ը⣬Ǿˡ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬ½תߡ
ΰ½ˣȻԷ
ǵæȥǱӰΰһĨɻ
֪ǲˣܾ½֡
Ѿѣȴڲֳδ˵ĸо
УԺԶ㣬ʡöԷл롣
ΰ״⣬ס˼ȥ˶¥
ҽǾƵԴģҪɷѣŷһˢˡ
ǰдϷΰǰʱƬᱻָ
½ûнҲܶɳ
ò˵˶һܺõķй;
ΰ׽еĲģ˶˴Сʱ֮󣬾ȫźˮųˡ
ˣΰ׾ûٽˮ˷䣬׼Ȼϴˮⷦ
˶겻ϴ裬ΰ׾οʱ䣬ûʵĹϳԡ
մ΢˴˵绰һİ롣
ΰײ̫ϲİĵ绰Ϊܴһֶ򷿡
ѾһСӣⷽûÿζر𷳡
ǲ绰ֵĻԾԼ
һǸúܺõԴװ״۵ġ
ΰû취ֻܽ绰ʵλ
˵ȣǱûлӦΪź⣬һ飺λ
ˣ𣬡ţҡ
ΰѾϢˣ˵û֮ǰǹŶ£
ԣ㷲ʵҸ㷢Ľͣ㿴𣿡
ΰסšһˡ
֪ΰ׿񾭷ǵûзøˣʲô뷨
ΰüû˿صû뷨
С֪ܻӭ
ŵ˵ҪŶӣƵ۶üȦ
룬ɻᱻսڨֱˡ
⣬ﲻǿ϶ġ
ֲܰڼöԷȥ
ԼЩҲû취ˡ
ΰţҪ˶òϴ裬ϴϢʱȻһ䣺ҪҴ乬Ľ𣿡
˵ΰֱһҵĸоǺǺЦס
ĩˣΰǿֲǸսȥڨġ
һ⻰֪ΰ׻ûԼʲôûЩίҲġ
ΰЦôʱ䣬㻹ûʲôľɵҲ
æΪԼ⣺֪Ҷ˵ѣǲǵ֪˻᲻ˡ
ΰ̲ס˸޴İۣǴšΪҺáĽڣҲϲ鿩֪ʲô
ڴ֮ǰһ˿
Źһʱ䣬ΰӦòôƽˡ
ʵ֤Ҫá
ʵֻʵʵǸԲҴˡ
ҲðԼ뷨ǿ㣬ôšΪá¡
ţдξԭҰɡ
㱣֤´Ρ
˵УΰŶԷ̬ȶûپ²š
ˣûģšһͰѵ绰ˡ
ΰʲô˼̫Ѩͻͻֱ
ɽ롱ΰ׻ֲᷳٴ绰ȥ
죬طֻǻԷȥˡ
Ϊװ£ûʲôθڣԸ˼ھͷ¿ӣȥ鷿Ӱˡ
ΰϢʮӣʱӦòˣͱ˯½ԡҡ
裬ΰ״ͷһմͷ˯˹ȥ
ⲻ֪۶ǱߣĳڼӰӵϹΪľմ깤һ˵͵ʱ䡣
˶ƣУΰһҹ˯൱̤ʵ
һ˯ʲô컹ʲô
˶ߵЧôãΰײ˼ҪҪÿ춼ʱ˶
ܱ֤彡ܱʧ˷¡
ϴΰСҼ䣬˼ֻ⡣
ǱǨŭˡ
Сҹˡ
ΰ˼Сҵȥ֮ʣȻ
һСͬһ͹ˡ
ΰ˼룬ЩȣСңôˣ
СеĶ͡
ΰ׽ӹͣЩڣлл
ĩˣΰֵСң㻹Ը߹룬贽㰲Ÿȥ
Сһʵʦô뷨
Ȧΰ׶Դ˿˵Ƿǳˡ
ʮַ񣬽ͬǳɹۡ
Ҫǣΰ߼£ֻ챻˵˼䡣
Ҫ֪ܶ˲˵ʱ򣬶ġ
ߣˡ
ڴҹר֧ʹȥ򿧷ȡ
˾ˣȥһݻ
Ȧﻹкܶࡣ
ϵĥЩ˻pua
Щ飬СҼæڣһǧһٸԸ⣬ͱ贽һˡ
ȷСҲ˵ѣΰŷȻǾͲ鷳贽ˡ
˼룬ΰɤӣֿ˵һ䣺ǨŭˣԲ𡣡
Сû뵽ΰ׻Ǹֱ
Ƭ̣Żع
ΰ׵оԷ黹㲻̽һ䣺ܺͺ𣿡



224 ӰԾ 
ΰ˼⣬յóһۣûУûڳˡ
Сԣ˼ͷǾֻףܺ˿
ľ飬СβóȻȰ˵ΰף׼ԹȺڡ
׻˵úãɴܷꡣ
Ǳӵˡ
뷨СɤӣһתߴٵʦϽͰɣȻȻžҪˡ
СһתӲΰȻǲ˵ġ
ûвСң쳣϶Է
ԭڣҲ顣
ΰ׽ͷϣתͷСңȻطЪɣҳ˻㷢Ϣġ
Сҵͷõģ¼ǵøҷϢ
ΰԣһЦ˳ҾԸͶѣʲô¡
˵겻СҿڣΰѿڶǱǸɵȾˡ
ΰӵˣСһ粵䡣
ǻСҾû˵Ϊ
Ҫ֪ΰ׵̬ɳգ˵þûм
ܳȰ˵һͨ϶ΰ
һĹ᧿Σˣ
Ϊ˱סҴʮźĹСѡ죬ΰٴο֮ǰԼķ䡣
ΰվſڣǵ·ж׷ڽӰһĨɻ
˭ܸСҺö˶˵һСôͻȻˣ
ΰװ˼⡣
ΰ̧һʱ䣬ֲˣͰʱѹĵס
лˣСô¡
ͣΰղԼǰ㷢ϢСҡ
ҳԺˣֱȥͣɡ
õġ
ΰٹþҪɱˣµȫЩϷݡ
̨ʱ֮ǰЩϷݶҪñࡣ
͵ΰȥƬͰѸˣʱüֱͷۡ
Դϴҫﱻ˴ͷΰ׾Ͱųڴʱķʽ֮ˡ
µģ΢ûʲôϣСϷˡ
ΰûа취ֻڻױ׼½ĥʱ䡣
˸ͷͼԱ𼱻ܽʦ¡
ΰ˼룬κ½𣬸λ˳ȥ
ԪվƬУ൱
һۣΰ׵߾˶Է
ΰȥֱʵ˵ʲô£
ԪЦЦ̽ʵСΣĵڰ𣿡
ΰҡҡͷʵֻһյĳפαӾʱûϲġ
֪ΰʱ䣬ԪҲ֪ЦûпǹĵӰ
ĵӰΰ׵Ȼпǹ
εӰȦͱȵӾȦżߣԳһɡ
˵䲻ģͺѧʱЩСû
ûһб⿿ԼǼͷֻݸСɫ
ǣ붼롣
ڹ棬ΰײ̫붯Ǳ۸ˡ
ôãûĹһӰ
ôˣԪ⻰ʲô˼
ΰüͷ΢΢üۼȾһãȻ˵ǡ
Ԫͳֻѵ΢ƬƸΰףиڳﱸһӰ˰ٰʮ⡣
ҾȽϽɫƼ㡣
Ѿ籾㿴
úʣԻص۶Ծ
ΰɵˡ
ԭҸ̫ͻȻŶѡ
Ƭ̣ΰ׻عھȣ˵ðһ䣬λǣ
Ԫҹǣѵ¶һ֮мЩƤЦȥԾ֪ˡ
ΪΰװģԪⲹģʲôҰݡڵӰȦĵλɲڵȦ͡
Ԫôһ˵ΰ׾ٴס
ŵ˵ԪҿǵȦĽơ
ͬȵλĵӰݣһƾù
ϸ⼸սΰĵԼ䲻ϵ뷨
һӰǣ²Ҫɹ
ΰһǸ¶ֲţ˵ǲǶ˾̫ˡ
Ԫԣ붼ûͷʲô߰ģݼȦﶼڵһݶӣԼŵ㣬СΡ
Ԫҵ϶ΰǿŶԷڴ
ϾҪʼˣΰ׾ϢʱټǸݺúһġ
ʡü˶ԷְһϷȥˣδԵúܲò
ΰװ뷨Ԫ˵ˣԷҲ޳ɡ
ΰ׾Ϸȥˡ
תۼ䣬һ硰ݡһ¹ȥˡ
ΰ׻صķϣһߵȴСҸͷһϵλصݡ
֪Ǹˬӣ֪ΰԪƼģ˼ͰѾ籾
ΰõ籾ɨ۾ͱס
ֱСͷΰɳھ֮޷԰Ρ
һƲõӰһƽΪһѧʦĹ¡
ΰΪӰѵҪԱðһڹͳ
ʮ굽ʮ꣬Խʱ̫
ݼ΢Ա϶ղסݽ࣬⡣
ΰţ籾ûôܲȥðա
ΪⲿӰһңĵһ˾
ʵ̫ϲˣ¶űķնҪȥһԡ
ΰ׿籾ͺ͵˵ԼҪȥԾ
ǸԺ޲ڵԱȤ֪ԷҪԾȻʮֻӭ
Ծöˡ
չصƵ꣬ΰ״˸绰责ͶԷ˵顣
̲꣬סпǴ˵е
˼ʹδõԾᣬԶġ
ΰףʵңϱǲһ𣿡
⻰һΰһЦ贽㣬Ҫ˵һϷֱȥŲƱ
룬Ҳǡ
ĩˣⶣҪú׼Ǹ൱ѵõĻᡣ
贲˵ΰҲôġ
κ˶õɫ
ΪܹȥԾΰԪԼϷŵǰ档
ԪѯԱȷǶûͽΰһϷȫ
ΰɱˡ
һߣҲڸϹ
ϣ֮󼷳һʱ䣬׼ȥΰס
ҪȥͱСҸ֪ΰɱˡ
һʱ䣬˾С
ΰҪҪȥһˡ
ᣬǵȥȨȥΰ׻ؼˡ
뷨ǰĳ
ϰ˵ִ࣬Ƶꡣ
ʱΰʰ
ס˼£Ҫ뿪ˣΰ׶е᲻á
ΰʱȻ
СҸոΰΪǶԷ˶ֱӰˡ
ߵĻûڣͱ˾˻ȥ
ΰһ𾪣ôˣ
żСҲ𣿡
⻰ΰ׷ϵҿûô˵
ĩˣΰֵҪȥһˡ



225 Ǹ 
ЦһûҾġ
ΰԣǾȣʱ乫˾Ǳ߲Ǻܶ𣿡
ҡҡͷЩλصҪġ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬֵ⣬Ѿȷ̬üˡ
ΰŤͷһŤֹ˭֪᲻ǰ
ΰ˵úС֮ľܽ仰һֲȫ
ʱΪΰ飬Щĺ
Ѿϣΰ׾Ҫ⣿
ΪĳĬΧһӱ
ΰ׸оˣ¶Ρ
ʵոֻһ˵ﲢΪ
ϧǣ˵ģ⡣
ΰ׹ɫʱ֮⡣
Ȼ˵ȥĻͬóȥˮѾû취ջˡ
Ϊ֮ƣֻоȡ
뷨ΰսԿͼע
û
ƽʱʹչѯˡ
ΰԽԽڣ鼱֮¾Ͱ׼ٺͶԷǸ
˭룬Ȼһ䣺ȥڷϴ裬侲һ¡
ΰ⻰˶ɵˡ
Ҫ֪ԴϿʼûڹɫ
ɫ΢ġ
ǰ֮ΰⷴӦ
عѾֻ˸ڷ䡣
ʱΰͷһᵽԷڷʲôζ
Լ軵ˣ֪Լдȵ£˼ί
ΰ˿һԼһ죺ʲôףҾһ˵
ڸո˵˻ץΰ²۵ͬʱͷֱ
ص䣬ΰҵʱ䣬ܱȸźá
Ȼˢ΢ͱҵŵøԹϡ
£ΰԷֻ׼ĥʱ䡣
˭룬û취š
Ϊǣΰ׸Ҫߣǹɽ겻
ڷⲽΰ׻ᾭ̧ʱ䡣
ŵ˵оڼֱǶꡣ
˵Ҫط侲ǲдʣ
úͨˣ
뵽ΰײĻ
ΰȷʵˡ
˵Ҫȥ侲νдʣ侲һ¡
鲻ãһ˵õĻҸط侲
ƽˣȥԼλСڡ
ϴڼ䣬һֱղŵ顣
ʵΰ׵ĲΣϾǰȷʵ˲ٴ¡
ΰܹίѹͷǹȻɢˡ
ˣⶼǷΰ׵ģ͵ծˡ
֮ͨ󣬾ͼӿϴٶȣΰ׵ȵʱ̫
ΰ׵˽⣬Էڹίء
뵽ΰ׵𶹶ĿģĶѸ
ûãͲϵˮ·ֱڡ
ʱΰڷȥ
ΰ׸оһͶҪȥʱ
ΰ˼룬عæſܹȥ
ΪԵԼȲΰ׿֮ǰ˼ֱϢƽŤ
һΰ׾ͺˡ
ΰ˼룬װʮֵʵˣ
šһһ߹۲ΰ׵ɫһ߻صģ
ΰ׵ͷתߡ
عţΰ˽ȥ
һʱûټϸոֵò̫죬ΰ׹Ǻͬһ£͸о²ڣҸط
һ̧ͷײ·𱥺ǧ͸оΰҪˡ
ҿ϶ԼҪˣ϶ᱻһק
Աֵ֮ΰ׾ԼûҪ׷ѹ
ΰ׾͵ͷضԼż⣬
ɳϣžͲֱдšҺΡĸֵΰףǺǺЦ
˹ˣΰ׸ղ˵ʱô˵øƵġ
ȫû뵽һһͬʱֺԡ
ۿٲڣΰ׾Ҫؿȥˣ̾˿һδƽ֣أ
ΰԣʶϵҲû
һôʱ䣬֪ΰڿķǣǸɵˡ
ƫƫܴΰףʡ˺ԷǿŴСࡣ
ûа취ֻ˳ΰ׵ëë۵úúãû
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬֵղŰһҲԣǸԲ𡣡
⻰һΰɵˡ
ôû뵽ȻǸ
˵ģڿţҪҪǸˣһֱȥҲǸ취
ûãһ¡
סΣΰգգ۾һ˼˵ʵӦҸǸġ
ǣΰϵĿհ磬õǸԶӵԵȨ
˵ģΰԸܣԸԷ˵
̬ŵԽͣΰԽܡ
ֻǾԼԣڱԷ
뵽ΰ׼æ˵һ䣺Ҳ̫ίˡ
о¿ԵΪֹˣûټ⣬һתʵɱ֮ǻؼϢһʱٽϷǴ޷飿
ΰ룬Ծ˳Ӧ޷顣
ЩȣԾ
ΰ״ĵݸҽܵġ
Եҵר
Ϊһ⺺̫ȦЩһ⣬һû
˵ͬʱ߹ȥסΰףڶԷѴ˲䡣
ͻȻƣΰемܲסƶԷ
Ȼ첲͸Ƶģ˱ģһ
Դ͸˵ˣͲøľһ
ΰƲԷֻܴǻοڣֲ㱧Ҳʲô˼˾
ĩˣΰǿҪǸܡ
Ҳǰܡ
ΰƲƲ죬˵ģһϷۣܻܲơ
˼Ƭ̣˱ԼĴ棬մմϲţͲˡ
׽ĵ⣬ΰǺЦǲǾԼܴ
ɤӣҲһɡ
ΰܲƨӣùֻʵҪʲôҸ㡣
룬ҵһݺɣеˣԵ嵭ĺá
ΰԵ˺࣬ǼҵԼСϺ
ҪɱˣҪһ¡
ԼǲڷԵʣΰµʮӵʱ䣬ͽӵСĵ绰˵ǶھƵǰ̨
ΰȥãþƵܼ
˳Ա㣬ΰϢһϺζԡңϴ˸ˮ衣
֮ѾڴϣͰֻڴͷͶԷһ˯ȥˡ



226  
ΰһ뵽ԼʣһϷϲüҡ
ڳ͵ʱ䣬ΰȫ̶üЦ״̬
״һĨ棬ţܿĵӡ
ΰЦлصѺȥҾǺܿİ
֪ܲΰ׿ĵԭ򣬵ΪöԷٿһ㣬ʵΪҹؼ𣿡
ȻΰͬԤЦУ뵽Ҫɱ˺òá
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰԹ²۵ôԽԽˣ
֪ԭЩΰףҰ٣Ϣһʱٽ飿
ΰԣæקסĸ첲𡣡
һڵԱعʿ൱Ҫġ
ϢһʱȥϷ˵ˡ
˵ˣΪ˵Ŀ֣һԵܲǲᶮġ
ľС
ʵΰϢȥϷġ
˵䲻ģȱΰ档
ΰҪʲôֻҪھˡ
ҵĺصˣΰҵ׷
ΰ뷨ԭûмԼ뷨㿪ľͺá
ĩˣⲹһ䣺ۺʱεأԶΪڷ絲ĸ塣
ΰ̧۾ܵһǻϣǻжá
뻹ǲģΰףѡ񡣵סһ㣬ίˣǵûҡ
ΰ׸жϡﻩģ̲סӻصֲСͼסˡ
ΰ֤ϸ׵ǿЩ
΢ЩصĻ⣬ΰ̧һۡ
ʱˣΰ׾ͻ·һǰƬ㡣
Ϊΰ׶ĻƱͳǱ⽫Ϸ˵һ
ΰһ꣬ͿԴˡ
ķִƬΰ³ĵһ£ֱױ䡣
Ƽ½ڻױΰײЩʵ½ͬ־ôô磿
½̧ͷ̾˿صⲻҪɱˣǰ¡
˵겻ΰ׿ڣ½ͷп˵׼Ǹһθ㻯ױˡ
ΰ꣬ǺЦɱ࣬ҪȥԺỹء
½Ʋ֣ΰֻüȰƼôԺ¿΢˵ֲǴǰɸ봫
½룬ҲǣٻԿ΢ϵ
ʱʱʱͻ˵ΰ׼޸֮󼫴ܻϢӰ½̲ס̽ʦܽ飬Ժ󻹻Ϸ𣿡
ΪҵۣȻҪһп谭Էҵչء
ţΰ׻᲻ᣬܹܲ
Ҫ֪ܶŶܼɻԼͷ¶Ĺ
ǲ֪ڲȺ档
½Բ֮ʣΰʱȻһ䣺ȻҪϷ
׽½Ĵ㵣ΰɻ֮ЩЦУҺ飬Ҳֻ˱ֲ֤ԷƾʲôϷ
½عϲ֮Աľͺãľͺá
ʦӰҵⷢȰɡ
ݼ϶ӰӽŨīزʵһʡ
ΰ⻰һЦʵ½ͬ־Ҫ˵Ҷ֪㾹Ȼҵҵۡ
½սԿЩڣüһ׷Ƕе߳ܣ˼費𣬶
ΰ
˼룬ΰʣôλҵۣҪΪṩרtoǩ𣿡
½ԣСƵĵͷȻҪ
ΰ׷ڳˮԱʣһãȻʵǩģ
ΰѯʣ½û׼ƬҲû׼Ƭ
ΰ׼״ݱƶϳ½סԵɣͰѱʷɱ֮źգƬǩ
½æӦã
˵£½Ͱѻױˢһһڷϣʼΰ׻ױ
ԼʱԽԽԵʣ½κܿͻˡ
ΰ׻ż飬ܴ뿪˻ױ䡣
ڼ䣬ΰƳԪҶ֣æȥʵ˵ʲô£
ԪЦЦ籾ôˣ
ΰʵѾˣҺϲ
ԪҲ籾ԶԴ˲⣬Ҿ֪ϲ
˵ΰǸмллλƼҡ
ԪҡҡͷӦлԼҡݼտҲƼ㡣
ΪϾҪˣֻ˼Ծ飬ûټȥˡ
ԼӣԪһ£ΰһϷʽġ
ΰһϷͨȫ̶Ǵʮ־ľͷ
ΰ⸱ƣϷԱѼɽ
ֵҵǣΰȻݼܺãѹ˵ϷԱ
ˣΰ׻سԱ֮С
£ⳡϷȻǺͨˡ
ԪҺcutһ̣ǰźõļԱǷڣһ߹һףΰףϲʦɱ࣡
ΰ׹ҾЦллЩӵչˡ
Ӧ˳Աΰֺ͵˼䣬׼ȥա
ղŴӦ½ࡣ
˭룬˺ʦĸհɡ
ΰתֻ½Ҵҳ
½ϴε쳣֣ΰʶҪԶԷ
Ȼô˵棬湦Ҫġ
ΰûа취ֻܼһĨЦص˼ҴӦ½࣬Ҫĺա
½ЦЦ˵ûϵҿԵȡ
Ȼΰ׸ա
һǵļλ׾򷭴̳ӣǱܵ½Զһ㡣
ΰЦݣenmmmҺ½տҪܳʱ䡣
ΰԭΪѻ˵ϣ½û⣬Ļ֮
½ҪĻӦֹ⣬Ҹߡ
ȻΰǧΨû㵽½ȷʵˣȴװӣﲻߡ
ΰ֮£ֻѹϲҺеߵ̫վ˰ɡ
ƣ½ܻ˰ɡ
ⲻֶ֪½˵𲻵˿̼
ΰԽӣ½ԽŶԷʲô
Ϊˣ½ǵûȴս£ܲôСɣĸնѡ
ΰ׾βܰ½鹷Ƥҩʱ򣬼Ȼס
һ룬һͳдԵ𣺡˼Ҿô
ΰ̧ͷȥֻüۼ䷺һ㲻֮ɫ
Ϥ˶֪˵ı֡
ΰƣһ﾿ʲôʱģԼ˶½Щ
ڲǾʱ
֮ǵȰ̳Ӱˡ



227 Ѳ 
ΰ׵һ½ʾԷˡ
Ȼ½·ͻȻ䱿һƤӶҪˣɲġ
ΰ׾ҪҪֱ˵ʱȻڣʦ½֮ʲô𣿡
ΰ˼룬ãȻ֮ɫصûа
ĩˣΰ׷ʵô뷨
һˬղһֱüŪ۸
⻰һΰ׸оԼֱӵͼҪˡ
˴̳¶ɢζ
öԷԴףָʲô
ΰ׹Ǹ棬͸оͷƤ顣
Ϊ˱ΰ׼æ͵ҾȻȥ
ţҿ϶ûдˡ
ȣ½ôǸˡ
Ҫǰ˼Ա߲ܣԵ˲ò
£½߱ȽϺá
꣬ע⵽½ɫѿʱ̹˲٣¶Ц˵ԭ̫ˡ
ΰԣһѣЦЦֵ֪ͺá
װʹӣһģţдҪҼƽϡ
ƳȽϽĳԱͶĿ⣬ΰգס죬Ҫǹϡ
ĩˣΰ׹˹ӣ׺ݾһѾͰֵ㡣
գգۣʾԼ֪ˡ
ΰ׼״ɿʱʱ졣
ʵϣҶ£֪Ĳ֪Ķ֪ˡ
ΰڲע㣬Ѿˡ
Ǳһ˵CPۡ
ΪʲôصģҪΪԺգǲ֪Է뷨
ǵ赽ǰ˵׼¡
ͷҷݹףǻǵ͵һ߱ȽϺá
ΰɱʵǾһ¡
ΪŵܲãĹ϶æ
£ɼһʱΰףʵ̫˸жˣ
CP۶ڽ죬ԼһСķС
֮½ϵĿ˼
ö˶˵һ˧磬ʲôãƫҪȥС֮ĵݡ
һûУ
зź޲óȥ½
ϧ½۶ţЩСġ
ûа취ֻĹĵصͼŵݡ
Ȼ뷨עҪյġ
˵Щ޹ؽҪˣΰλ˵ûá
½ҪŲߵġ
뷨ܼ򵥣ȻˣҪӦԷ
Ҫ֮в϶Ǿˣ
뷨½սԿվԱԹԵʦ㲻Ҫ½ĺ𣿡
½ѣΰײ¡
ҪҪ־͹½棬͸ֻƵġ
м䣬ֱҪܺˡ
ʱ˿̣Ժֻʣһͷ취Ū½
ϧ½ⲻκʾΪʮͷۡ
ΰһʱ벻취뿪޳˵
תͷԵ˵ȥҵĻױʦĸգȻسϵң
ԣԥܾ飬һȥɡ
ΰûҲ
˭š
ܾˣԷ϶Ҫ顣
½ȥģͲĿǷΧ֮ˡ
ΰ״⣬Ͷʹ˸ɫʾԷߡ
Ŵ½ͼ½
ΰ׻ûüѯʣ½һʦôȵң
⻰ΰüͷ˵㣿
½ͷȻһ䣺ǰ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬ½ֵҲ˵˺һ𣿡
ע⵽ɫˣ½꣬Ҫĺյġ
ΰסһȵȡ
½ɻĿУΰ˿˵ҺûдӦҪհɡ
⻰½˵ɱڴľʯˡ
Σ½ų˳ǣͼڸסϵĴ벻ʡ
ⲻ֪ıʵ̫Ӳˡ
ǵûڸסʧ̬һ˼ֻ
ΰ׳ô˻ᣬһקסĸ첲ǳǰȥɽ
½׷ȥƬ˶ӣɵӰ첻á
֮£½ֻðοԼ
ΰ׾Ҫһ¼ˣʱûл
ⲻ֪ţƤƵľΰѾڿҪҪ˳֮áա
ΰױûϲա
ӦǾ󣬶ڵ˵Ǹعʵĺ
ȻٺõһմϲõĶΰ׾ͲҪˡ
ΰ˼ʱ򣬱ЩĲɡ
ע⵽ˣܾΰˤ
ǹϣֻ̫֣ķסΰס
ʵ֤ĵһ㶼ࡣ
סΰײãԷͻȻһǰȥ
״æΰ
Ϊǰ׼ΰֻǱͻ״һ
ΰסƬ̧̣ͷǸм˵ҺķӦ죬ȻҾҪˤʺˡ
ûнӻʵղʲô
ΰ룬ѡʵҪҪ˳֮áǸա
ЩȣΪʲô뷨Ҽǵú˵Ǹտ󡣡
˼룬ΰײ׽һĺ棬صﲻ㣬ȥٺ˵
΢΢ף˼
ΰײ⣬ûټ
˳Ĭǰš
ֱҵ½࣬ΰײ΢ָЩ
ǵ½ûӴΰԷܵҲѣİɣ
½˸ȥǺҵͷ
ܲǵһμ½ɻԶԷɢǿѹ
ʱرΰףô̸ġ
ѵӵʱ򲻻ѹ
½ԽԽţ̲סʿˮ
һĻΰǺǺ
ƽ½ǰʲôɧ˵İ
ôǰ½͸Ƶġ
Ҳ½ľн
ΪܸϽΰ׻ؼңȥߣİɡ
ΰ⻰ν൱ȡ
ڴ֮ǰйƵ뷨
ˣһֱھҪҪ˵
û뵽쾹Ȼôƽ⡣
һʱ䣬ΰ׺Ǹж
Ҫ˿ţס¡
ߺ½ظһؿһ߸пʦλ̫ǿˣҹǰվţ͸оѼɽ󡣡
ΰЦֲˣڰɡ
½дʵ㲻Ȼ˵Ļ¡
½һµӣΰЩΣ治ˡ



228  
ԭȼƻΰ׺½գǴͶԷļߵġ
˭룬һ½͸èƵģһ̶˸ûӰ
ٶȿΰ̾Ϊֹ
½˵Ǹ۲۵ѧǻ˰ٲԶҪҡ
ٿ½ղŽӣΰ̲סпһ䡣
Ȼ˵Ǳ޵ġ
ΰ࣬ȥߣǻȥɡ
һĨȣ
ΰͷʣȻأ
ĿԣΪҪͺܶա
ΰʼĵĶˡ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰסԷĸ첲ֱƬڡ
ϳ֮ǰΰ׻ͷһۣмвнѡ
⼸Ϊ˸ϽȣֱҪ۳ɹˡ
ؼңһҪúò
뷨ΰ΢΢˳
ϳţƹβһߵλá
صƵ꣬ΰ׷СѾʰʶͶԷ˵һ䣺лл
С˼룬عæڰֵҵĹ
ΰ׽е磬ŵʱ򣬾ûСҿȥ
ûãƵܼżԱ˹΢Ц˵Ǿͺá
ΰ¶ЩȣǾƵôܵ𣿡
Ƶܼ΢΢Ƿصͺá
˾Ƶ˰æΰһ˾Ϳˡ
ΰԭΪԱϳͻ뿪ˡ
û뵽ϳ֮ǾȻҲϳˡ
Լֱ̫ӣƵܼһתͷ͵ܱǸղ˺˵Ҫȥ
ΰ׻عСֹһ䣺ڷҵô𣿡
˶ڳϣмһ룬Ƶܼûݣ¶ǸЦʵղ˵ʲô
ΰԣæҡҡͷûʲô
ĩˣΰ׿˾ɡ
˾棬ȳͣڴȥ
ΰϳӵʱ䣬͸оԼҪûˡ
տʼΰŵȻҪ³Բǲĺʱ
˷ɻ;Сʱʱ䣬ô˯ô˯
Ȼ׹ףмܲסڵ⡣
ʱ˿̣Ƥ·һ൱ǿҵ
ΰÿһ͸оƤҪסˡ
־ᶨûеĹ֮£
ϧþΰ׽ʮңԴͿ˳ϡ
ע⵽ˣæΰԼĴȣΰһСš
ʱΰѾ磬˯ú֪ܳı仯
ֱһΰ񾲵˯۲ųѺۡ
ǵ˵ͣɧţΰ׵üë
ڣΰ׷ʤĹ˫ۡ
˫ΰ˺һŻعʵ
ЦһСˡ
ѣΰԼҪȥɻ顣
һʱ䣬ΰе㲻˼
״ûٵ٩ΰףһת˵³ɣٲҪˡ
ΰԣ𼱻ǴñӺͿ֣Ѹ˳
ߵVIPͨδ⵽Ļ߷˿һ·νʮͨ
˷ɻΰĵһ¾Ƿ֣֪ͨСʱ˶Ҫҡ
һεõģʦ
õҪĻشΰϵðȫ̴֣ڳ׼ߵơ
ƫͷΰתһȦܸоԷ˵㶫
ĩˣ̧ս㣬˵һ䣺һë̺
սͷһë̺ݸ
иսΪͼλܶ飬Ȧﴫ˵ġ
ʱȫ̶ûۿԷ»ᱻᡣ
ë̺ƽٶˡ
һ˼ΰϣûע⵽Щ΢Сϸڡ
Լ˯ǻᴫȾģԼСڸë̺˲СʱͿʼˡ
Ϊ˾Ǳߵ鴦òˣͶԷһ𲹾ȥˡ
Сʱȥɻɹڵ۶ʻ
ΰף˯ҪǳһЩ
ʱˡ
Ƴΰ˯øͷСƵģ̲סЦ
һЦ⣬չȥţѡ
ΰüͷҪҡ
ǻؼ˯
ΰ䲻ͷءһҪ
˼ΰײϣɴֱӰ˱
Ϊ˷ֹΰױϳñӸסΰ׵Ŵ˳ȥ
һٶǵ󼸸ս׷ס죬²һСĽг
Եܲ*ʵԱ̫ˣ
Ҫǰ̫ǿ׷ȥ࿴ۡ
ΰ˷ɻߵVIPͨ˻
˳˾ĬĬмĵ壬¿ʲôÿĶ
Դ˺⣬׸˾෢µĽ
Ϊΰû˵ҪɽׯǱߣóȻѶԷȥͻΰСӡ
ȻжʱûסˣüԱʱŴɨԼʮָɾƿסˡ
ڴڼ䣬ĳΰףȫ̶ŵᡣ
Ȼΰ׷ڴϵһ̣ΰ׻˹
˶˼룬ΰµĴ棬ãȻʵģ
Цڼҡ
ΰסһֵôģ
ע⵽ΰ׵촽ɵƤװһˮݸΰףȻҰ㱧ġ
ΰסƬ̣һ˼ұģ
˵겻ڣΰԹԵˣˣұ϶ĵˡ
ΰ׼öҪȹϵˣæסģҰסˡ
⻰ΰ˿Һ㻹ǵøҵס
ҵΣΰ˷
״æֹԵ㶫˯ɣθͲ̫á
ôһ˵ΰ׵Ķӷ·𱻴˿أһͷ๾ࡱ
ΰЩΣָͷ
ⲻ֪ϰˣȡЦ
ʱⶣһ䣺òǱ㡣
Сʱ
ΰ׶ĻŻţæӴȥӭԼ緹
ǵΰûԶ嵭Ĳˣ¶Էθܲˡ
Ա㣬ΰӣʲôûУҸʱȥ䳬У
Цʵ±ĵˣ
ΰ򴽣ǿԺʱȥǻ˿϶١
ĵֻ˵дһˡ
ȥȥ
ΰ˵ڴ
ΰҪϲܾȻҲ⡣
СڶˣҸҲӦ𣿡



229 ҹ䳬 
Ӧΰ׾˳ȥеӪҵʱ䡣
ּ¿һҳУʮСʱӪҵΰ۾ᡱһ
һ˵лʮһš
ԭȼƻΰ״ʮȥ
֮ǰΰ׻ھᣬݵ˵Ϣʮǲ˵㡣
ںˣҶʮСʱӪҵĳУ賿ȥ䡣
ʱҰ˳ɶϢ˿϶١
뵽ΰ֧첲ײԵˣֻݹȥȥҳаɡ
û׻صá
˵£ΰ׾ͺ⡣
ʮӣΰҪȥԾӰǣ˵ȥ鷿дС⡣
šһȥ
˶˼룬ΰȳ鷿ȥ
ɳϣĿԼСڽ鷿ͷ
ס
ʱΪ˷칫ÿԽá
ò˵һרעĳ飬ͻʱš
ΰ׶籾ǵСдõʱѾȥĸСʱ
ʼࡰĶӣΰ׺ϱʼǱ߳鷿
;Уΰ뵽ǸӣŶԷһæ˳Է顣
ʵ֤̰ӡҪá
ΰ׸鷿ţͱеʳζ
ѭζ߹ȥֻվڲǰ棬΢΢װ
ΰż־ʵʲôʱ򶩵
ֱصСʱ֮ǰ
ĩˣ˵һ䣺װȥԷԼˡ
ΰͷŶЩ˼˵ȻҪҶԡ
εһ鷿ʹĸСʱһΪҪˡ
ΰԣԤҪģʽæһתʲô˰ɡ
תӲֲɵӣȻó
ǵΰŬôʱ䣬öԷȳԸٽѵ١
뷨װûз֣˳һ䣺ˣϷʱ߶˺ܶεĻˡ
ΰԻ˺ܾˣӰӻûл˹ݡ
͵ϷǼ£һֱûгϡ
ΰԭţԾȥԡ
˭룬ôģջص۶͸ˡ
ڡлӦⷽ棬ΰ׸ظƱӮ99.99%ˡ
ΰס˼ͽװȫˡ
Ŀԣΰ̲סпе°ҵˡ
ʱǸ߶ûŵĹˡ
ʱһħʦ
ԣһʱ䲻ǣǡ
Ϊ㣬ԲԸҪӡ
⻰һΰ׵ס
Σΰס¶ȲգƫͷȥСС顣
״֪ΰǺˣûټ˵
֪ǰ飬ΰֱɶн١
ҪԷеĲθУжϱʾͬҪ̬
϶෽ϣ˼˺ܳʱܽİ취
ǵΰ߳ŭӣתƻ⣬Էɡ
ΰתͷЩȡ
ΪҪû˵ɧš
ʲôû˵̫ѧˡ
ΰ׾ǲͼʱ򣬶ٴԷţʲôأ
ΰ׻عҡҡͷûʲô
ΰײ˵ûʣĬؽӵݹȥ
ΰ׳һڷʨͷ۾ΪϲɵûԲһ˺ڰ
ʧЦôϲ
ΰСƵĵͷ쳣صϲ
ֵһѿģȻôϲѳӸҡ
ΰզһĶ
תһ룬ԼҾôֻס
Ҫӹûط˼ס
ΰĶܾˣˡ
ЩȣΪʲôˣ
ΰ׵˽⣬ԷղĶ
ôգ۵Ĺΰ׾͸ı뷨
˼⡣
ĿԣΰֱԵ̫Сˣʺӻ
ʶǾͰȥס
ΰײɽׯ
ԭ̫಻õļ䡣
Լصᴥ飬̲ס䳰ȷ
ʱû£϶֮м϶
뵽ΰʮּᶨܾˣҲȥ
տʼЩƣϸˡ
̽һ䣺ǻطסô
ΰ룬Ҫǰûסġ
Ӧúúãȥһµı
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬżʵܿ˰ɣ
ΰײɽׯԶһ㡣
붼ûʹӦС
̬̫Եʣΰױö¼ڴ
Թΰܲɢͬʱ˼¼Ƶ⡣
һ˼Ϥΰ״˳ͷ
ˣ֮áǩǩˣǮΪһ
˵ȵ¼Ƶʱ½Զˡ
⣬ΰܲ򿪵һۣ׼һ߹Ħһѧϰ
˵ҪϷݣ͵ոС
ΰû¼ƹƵգ֪Լû
һʱ䣬ΰﲻЩûס
£ԭһСʱһڵգΰӲСʱ
ǰ׼ıʼǱд
ΰ̾˿Լҵʱ׼ҵĶû档
̾ʶչȥһ䣺ôˣ
ΰһգҸо¼պϷѡ
ΰ׵Դûʼ¼ƣҪ̫ࡣ
ΰ룬ԼеëԺҪԲˡ
ƳǽϵʯӢָʮһʮΰ׸оʱˣͶԵڳɡ
סƬ̣ΰҪȥ䳬е顣
ΰ׳εĿУȻ˵ܾĻ
˳ŨŨҹɫǰС
ΰ㳬˲࣬˸־³ˡ
ͬΰϣ˹ԱֻСèֻ
ΰ׼״΢񾭶ʱˡ
Դȶȣΰ׾ûɵعС
û˶ţһߺСһƳ
ں棬һЦСƵġ
ΰױ˼ƬӽƳ棬æǰȰٳԵ㣬
ΰ׹˹ӣżֲҺò׳һˣͲҿһ𣿡
ΰԹĿ⣬ЩȰ˵Ļ˲ûˡ
˫һòա
ΰԸԳЦݡ
һĻεҡҡͷ
ˣΰ׷һذɡ
ΰ궫׼ȥˣȴڶԼ
ˣǱж˰ɣ



230 CP 
ΰҪ䲻װʲôûӣԹԺԵ졣
һΰ׸оǵ޼ɵ֪ʱˡ
ΰ˿ƽٶתͷȥѰԴ
ͬΰϣ˱ôֲ
˵߾ײһ
ĿⴥԶǸŸβԱƷŮΰһĨȡ
ڴ֮ǰΰһֱΪǸС
û뵽ԷȻǳеĹԱ
Ůϻŵı飬ΰ׹ŶԷӦǵһθ¡
ΰ棬ǸŮΪʲôҪš
Ī˽ۣ
²ĳʱΰײֽš
ΰΪ֤²Ƿ׼ȷȥô¡
ûüжԷعèһ̶˸ûӰ
ΰվԭأɵˡ
Ӧûк˰ɡ
ܵô죬֪ĻΪй׷
һĻżɻʵţôˣ
ΰ̧۾ƴҷиڶߣȥô£ȴֶԷܵñӻҪ죬Ǻˮޡ
֪ΰԴԭЩЦ
סˣûЦ
ΰ״̬϶߳ŭ
ƣһҪ顣
Щ޷ڸǵģ֮һЦ⡣
ΰ׽輸룬ͳɹ׽۵׵Ц⡣
ţΰ׹˹ʵЦ𣿡
ԣ˼룬װɵ㶻һ䣺ʲô
ڳǹΰײֻ̫֣ܹ׺ݵһۡ
ΰԭΪ㲻ܹԷѹ
ⲻ֪һֻŬװԼ׵Сè
ûܸѹһѶԷȵһѪ
Ҫ棬קһס
ԶոܵŮӲڻܺ棬ֻ˶ӵƬ
֣СһڹѧĴѧΰ׺CP֮һ
˵һδŵʱ֣Сʹֱˡ
֣Сǵãһ˵CPʱ򣬻Цˡ
˭룬淢һϵ飬ѵÿνžž졣
һҶΰ׺CPˡ
죬ǻ˵ҪлᵱྸCPͺˡ
ˣ
֣Сڻܺ棬öҪ޳ˡ
ҪڲԶ֣С϶ƲסԼеĳ嶯
Σΰ׺ʧ߷ΧԭرQ˼£ͼԴ⼤顣
ͬ¼״ЩʵСû°ɣ
֣СΪ̫ءңû¡
ͬ³˳ǣɲûµӡ
һߣΰ׻صϣԽղŵԽòԾ
ǸŮӿƶϳԷķ˿
ڶԷȻȣڵȵĳ̶ȣӦò˽ۡ
ֵǣǸŮϳˣȴûйҪǩǺա
ٲҲк
Щûз
ΰ˼˰죬ʼ벻Ĵ𰸣ֻա
ˣԺл棬ʶԷˡ
ŴСصΰһžͺֵҰƬꡱ
ȫŽ棬ȥΰš
ΰע⵽ˣƬݹȥ㣿
ϲʳƷˣ԰ɡ
̫ԣΰҪԵѣ͵²һ䣺ûпڸ
úܽΰСǾ²һֲĶΣȥϴ裬ԡ
ΰԣ˼ŵ㲻Ҵ
ص㲻æųƬ
ΰҲǣȥɡ
£ͷ
ΰɳϣǵԶȥӰ֪ôӶԷϸоЩԹ
Ƭ̣ΰ͵ҡҡͷ
Ӧ˰ɡ
ϴ裬ΰҲƬˡ
ص˸ˮ裬ΰ״ǻ߳ԡңͷֱ˴
ƳűʼǱԣڴߵСǰ洦ΰ׾ûȥŶԷԼ˯ˡ
֪˶ãΰԺ֮䣬оԵĴ氼˵㡣
ͬʱεǸСûĵġ
ΰüͷ壬һ䣺ġ
ʲôΰ׾Ͳᵽˡ
Ϊ֮͸оʶ˹ĺڰ֮С
ڶ죬ΰӵٻġ
ҪȥԾΰ׽˸磬׼ٰѾ籾úö飬һǵСԼΪԷƼֳܹɫС
֮⣬ҪԼɫ
ЩǾ籾ûеġ
һõԱҪⷽĿհס
Ҫȥ˾ϰ࣬ñΰ׻ҪһЩ
ΰ߳䣬׼ȥȵˮʱעȻǱߴĶ
ȥһֻϵ֮ǰ͵Χȹ̫ذС⽡
ƤƶԷʲôʱ⽡
˭룬Ȼ˼Уڳչȭš
ΰ׾˼ˣһֱΧۡ
ֱС⽣һһӽڵϲŷſϵΰס
סƬ̣Щʵţʲôʱģ
˵겻ΰ׿ڣֵôһ㶯û
ΰü̫רĵԵʡ
ΰײڻеĵ٩մ۵ʳָһΰ׵ıʼ⣬
ΰԣ˳˸ԡ
һСҲˡ
ΰװæС⽳ȥԼûϴˢͻԡϴȥˡ
ϴΰ׻صǰ£ҨһСҧһڡ
¶ȸոպãΰ׾ͷĵس
ò˵ʱۿɼࡣ
ղΪᷭš
ھͱݺݴˡ
С⽲ûз󣬶һͷ̵
ΰһ߳һ߸пԽԽȻˣе°ҵ
ΰ۾ģȵĸҲ֪¶Цݣϲͺá
Թͣǰ˾ᣬΰڼΪԾ׼
֪䣬һȥˡ
ΰŷŷŷ磬ǡڲǷʱ䣬һ¹ˡ
ȥĲ˻кܶ࣬ΰ׾ͲҪȥˡ
򿪱ɨ˼ۣΰһĦ°һ˼Ĳʽ
ʳϲĲʽͼǺܺġ
ΰ׾͸ϲ˼ˡ
һһװͺ֮ΰ׾ʹϿֺñӳˡ
ȥţΰ׾ֱߵǰ̨ã
ǰ̨ǸԱڴ֮ǰûмΰף֪֮ĹϵʵԤԼ𣿡
ΰʵûС
ǰ̨Ц֪ܶæûԤԼͱҡ



231 è 
ΰ״ûԴ
û¶Ǽֻ꣬Ҫ˽Ӵ
Ųý˵Ǵδ
ΰ׻عɫ˵һ䣺İɣ
лᣬȷʵãת¡
ҪȥŴӣ쵼Լ˽ҵʸӴߡ
ɵǣиǰ̨ϺȻβףҹȥҽԺһڵĲ١
ɹ©ܰŹһڡ
ΰ׹֮ǰЩ߶ԤԼģûǡ
һûԤԼˣҪ˻һϾʱ⣬°ͻصʲô£
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬֵæúܣɲʲôèܼġ
ΰײɵӣټϻͲֱдšﲻӭ㡱֣Ȼ׶Էеġèָ
š۳̡ԭΰûȥǰ̨
ΰͳֻ׼ϢöԷʱȻһô⣿
ΰתȥֻԶվһλԼĪʮӣЩɻ󣬡ǡ
оЩ죬ֽвԷ֡
Կ϶ˡ
˵ĴŴ磬ΰƲԷŹݹƲ͡
ȻЦӯӯҽܣгܼ࣬Ϻξͺá
ǰЩӺǿƵʱС뾵ͷ
֪»ûӡ󡣡
Ϻε£ΰ︡˵ʱһĻ
ΰǵãǻΰҪˣָͷ߳ܵ÷۳һ
ʱĳϴ£ΰ׺òҪĻ棬ˡ
ΰ׳˳ǣϼһζֲʧò΢Цá
ΰ²ߣϺ˵ĵʹ˺ͶԷĵͷֱʵܵ𣿡
ΰ׵ͷǰϧǰ̨̫ˣȥ
˵ʱΰ׹ڡּ
еˣӦ֪Ҫʲô
Ϻûΰʧ 
ΰ׻䣬ϺξתͷȥŻʵʲô
ỹûüڣͱΰһصʵҲûʲôǳѡ
⻰һϺ亹Ҫðˣûн𣿣ǹͣ
ΰ޹ؽҪ˷ʱ䣬ϺΣ鷳õӿѵִﶥ¥ĵˢ
ϺӦúúá
ĩˣϺһ·СܵǰԼĵӿˢݣǷǷ롣
ΰ΢΢ף鷳ˡ
Ϻβͷϵ亹鷳鷳
ڵŹ֮ǰϺͳֻǼӸ΢Űɡ´ιϲ۵ģԸҷϢ
ΰҡҡͷˣ΢ţֻǸղøϢѡ
£ΰ׾ͰѵŹˡ
ϺڵǰסΣعǰ̨
ʱỹûӸղŵ
ôû뵽Ǹðſ֣Ŀʾ˵ȻԼﲻĴ
Ϻλصǰ̨ƼɵƵеĻֶ˼֡
Ϻؿüͷʵ֡
ԣ֪Ϻˣŵ׽ӣ̲סɪһ¡
ȻһĻϺǵûϺһǰϧӲͷ
ϺûȶԷڣֱӻӻֵˣ첻ùϰˡ
ἱæ̧۾У㲻ܿң
ϺηһЦȴûٺͻȥתŵȥ
¥·飬ΰײö֪
Ȼΰ֪Ҳ顣
ΰײϲұ鷳鷳
οǸǰ̨Դ䳰ȷǹ̬⣬ᱻʵ
Ӧ
ΰ߳ݣᳵ·ܲð칫ҡ
ӭǸյķ䡣
ΰɵˣֱſڡ
ΰ׼ʵʱȻð˳ţ
ΰתֻվڲԶһļ
˶˼룬ΰʵʲôļôҪҪȥá
ЦЦʵҸղȥ䣬һļˡ
ĩˣʣôˣ
ΰеĲͺ˵ô࣬ͷ
ǰ˵лл
˵ĵλΰͻȻΪϴֱжˡ
ΰףǸжţ̫ˡ
⻰˵ΰ쳣飬̲סӡ
Ҫ֪Դһֱչ
Ĵνָ
£ٷͰѶԷжϡﻩģ֮಻Щ
״ǰʱ򣬶Է۶
ٿڣ
ǴСԱ
ס˼ΰ߽칫ҵԷ
ʶӦˡ
ߵɳ£ʵţ緹𣿡
ΰףûаһԡ
ǷһЦʲô𣿡
ΰײ֪ΪʲôʣǺϵػһ䣺ǰ
ԣôôã
⻰ΰ׹˹ӣϵĿ˼λεв˼ƽ㲻ÿ
æϣûС
ΰסߡһʶࡣ
һشǡҪöԷÿ
״ȥΰԣһ߸ԷһЦʦڰæ֮гʱ
겻ΰ׿ڣԹʵʦʲôϲĶ𣿡
ΰ룬Կ⡣
ԭΪΰ׻˵мֵĶ
û뵽ΰ׾һ˼ȻĴ𰸡
ЩЦãе׷𣿡
ΰתͷֱ۾дʻصôû׷ˣʳΪ졣
˻ΰ㶫ܲסԷʷ׷ԣֻųԡ
ûа취ֻ˳ΰ˵úúá
ĩˣʣԾٳԣǽȥԣ
ɹΰ˾С
ΣΰײŵԵղײգͽɡ
Ӧá
Թ緹ΰ׸оеţͺڹ˾һȦ
û
˾
Ȼΰ׵ĻᱻϳɴñӺͿ֡
һ¥ΰ׾Ϳʼˡ
ΪǡǴҳ극칫ߵʱ䡣
Źһ¥·ʮԱ
ΰ׸оȥֱǷַӵ¡
Ϊ˱ΰסС˵ǻȥɡ
üЩȣˣ
ɵĿУΰ׼æΪԼǡ
û·Ϻö



232 ʳ 
˼룬ʶΰǵıϳʹȥԷʵǾͻȥ
˵ʵڵģΰ׻ٹ
߷ڣΰֻò鲻Ըȥˡ
ڰ칫Ϸĥʱ䣬ΰͷ˸Ƿˡ
ԣĿӵĻƿ˯ٻؼһǣ
ΰ׳Դ룬ҽŰɣ°һؼҺˡ
΢΢ף߽Ϣҡ
ǽӴһʹ磬ǰ޹ΰϲζ򿪴ͷϵļʪ
һϵеĻߵѵԽ˯ˡ
ΰ׼Ϸ˯ӦһŶ
״ЩЦ˵ղŲöҪ۾𣿡
ΰ׳Ϸ֮޷԰Σټսҵʱ򣬸û˼ָ
ܲþˡ
ҲûĬĬذ칫ǰע·Żع档
ˣʱ
ûЩΰ
˭룬ϢҲúˣΰִϷ
ΰײƵЩΪѾϰˣֻЩΡ
Լ˶ʮӣΰ׵Ϸˡ
ΰֻ˸֮һϢһ˵ȥ˯ɡ
ԣصԻص
һǰһϢҡ
ΰȷʵ۾Ҫˣ˯¾һɣ˯
һĻ̲סҡҡͷ
ע⵽ΰ׵ûзŽĶԷ˹ȥ
ΰִֻŽȻֶԷֱе졣
ϸһ֪̳ġ
뵽ΰ׸ͷ飬֪ӡôˡ
ۣչȥᴵ£ڴС˵һ䣺ɵϡ
ΰСŻ˯£ɵΰԵλá
ĩˣذһ硣
룬𴲹
ΰףΪصӵٶ̫죬ûļ
뵽ΰǰʱϷˣûкΰףŵ߳Ϣҡ
£ͼ˽
Ŀԣ˵ǶǸȼɽׯĿгѾлˣϣʲôʱܸ𸴡
ӣȷţ𸴵ҿ˵
Էеϣתߡ
ʱֵȻ
ͣסŲдЩãʵôˣ
ΰ׵ϲãֽһ嵥漴ֽݸᰣ˰Ķ
ᰵͷĿⴥֽϵݣۿɼؾ
ӢܲþȻϲʳ
ǲû˯ѣڳ˻þ
ᰵɴ۾Ͳֱдš𾪡֡
״ŲµʲôЩڵؿ𣿡
˼룬Դŵø˹ƵĻصû⡣
۵׵Σ᰺˳ȥ
ǰ;Уɳھ֮޷԰Ρ
ֱ嵥Ķת
ŶܼλСڽˣЩӦԷġ
뵽еûг׻
ʮ֣ϢҴϵΰ
ԼǰʱϷ̫ۣټһֱæϷԾԵʣΰ͸֧ྫԲŻһ˯ôá
ٽ°ʱΰ۾
ʶԵλãûڣҴѾû¶ȣ֪𴲺ܾˡ
ΰ׸ոӻûлָΪԼڼֱӿ˳ȥ
ɵǣ㱨
ΰ׾ײ˵߷Χ
һʱ䣬ȫסˡ
ȷӦȥ§סΰʵôææܳˣ
ΰ׻عоϹҲסƿ˷䡣
֪ΰƤϰ߶Է߳ŭСӣһٶʲô⡣
УʵǾˡ
谮ΰ׵飬жš
Ҫǽ벻Ȼ̶ֳȡ
£ѵ
ոձϵ㱨
ȻȴƮΰǱߡ
㱨ĶҶûԷ˵ʲô
ֱγѰ̧۾ʵʲô
׼ʲô˼˲ͷϵ亹֮ҧҧظһ顣
û͸˴𸴣Уٸġ
׼˵ʱֻȻһ¡
ֻһԼСڷϢ
ʲôʱ°డеˡ
֪ΰ׶ˣ˲û˼˼ֱӶԼҪ°ˣٹ
£Ϣҡ
ʱΰڴֻ
Ҳ֪ûпϢ
ΰԥҪҪٸϢʱϢҵžͱƿˡ
ΰʶȥֻ˽
˶һΰʵ㲻ڿ𣿡
ص㲻ǶˣҴȥԷ
ΰһĨԥȷðѻῪ
˵겻ڣΰֵ᲻ᵢ£
ԣ쳣ֿһ䣺ǿһ飬ʲô¶ûҪ
ƼͻȻ࣬ΰ˼룬Щڴ˴ˡ
֪ΰǲ˼ˣûټ̬һתʵʲô
ΰü粻˵ҪȥԿ𣿡
ΰôһ˵Լ£ԶԶԣԿ⡣
ΰ׻·ͺǰꡣ
ǵΰ׵ְҵȽ⣬˶һԺõĿꡣ
·ϣֻΰ˵ȰѲ˵˰ɣһȥͿԳˡ
ΰ׵㿪ЩͼƬɨ˼ۣҪԵĲƷڱ¼ϡ
š˷ʳԭΰûе̫ˡ
ĩˣЩƷƽͼЩɡ
ΪԤʱ򽻴ԿͰѶˡ
ΰ׸ո£ԱͶ˲Ʒ
ΰĿɰģȻ붺Էţˮˡ
ΰԣʶ˲ǣɵûа
һΰײź֪ˣƭң
һʱûסЦ
ΰˣһ⡣
װʹĵŴҴˣ
ΰסߡһοϴٶȹķϣҾһ
´ΣҾͰĹͷ򱬣
ŶӦߣ
ڳµӣû´Σû´Ρ
ʵϣȷʵŹ׺ݵ̫ɰˡ
´ο϶еġ



233 ʦ 
ϴٶ̫죬ΰײúͶԷƽ̫࣬ͽעתسԵ档
ò˵ҿе㶫
廨䣬ֲʮ־ȣžʳָ󶯡
ΰױͶˣջ
Ահ廨ΰ׾ڷڿ¯ұߵļӣ㿾⡣
˭룬׼æߣӵʱ򣬶ԷȴһǸרõļӣ㸺ԾС
ΰ׻عƳһԱ˸żĹ⣬֪Ӱ˳CPۡ
üһCPྵǰ˰
ΰ֪ȺĴڣȡ
ƵΰףԵࡣ
ֹ̧ͷɨǸԱһۣ˼Ҷ˼ӵʱ䡣
ֱԱѹͷŲԼջء
һĻΰ̲ס͵Ц
̸ô꣬ΰ׶ϲԴ׵ӿνȻġ
ôû뵽ԴܳԵ̶ֳȡ
ֻǿ˿ѣһﾹȻ񾯸涼ˡ
£ΰײʼԲ
᲻ĳһΪԴ׶Լ
Ǹΰ׾;رϲС
ΪΰһʱûסһЦ˳
ЦɵؿһΰףʲôôЦ˵Ҳһ¡
ΰЦľȻöԷ֪
˽⣬ԷҪ֪֪˲Цݱ࣬϶ᡰġ
ļƣζȲܽƿе
ΰ֪֮ⷽ
»صûʲôǵЦѡ
Ϊ˷ֹʣΰ׳˳ԷҶˡ
ΰôһĶҪˣֻʣ¸Է£ﻹ˵úúãʦͿʼɻ
ΰԣԴЦ˵һ䣺á
֣˼ΰõϵʱá
ΰ죬¶Щôۡ
⻰ֻЦЦ
ΰ׼״Ҫһ
οϣΪëƤС£ԼԿ⡣
ΰ׾һֻ۱һֻˡ
ʱ侭ѲǸʮָմˮĴүֱȿʦ
ΰ׳Եʱһ߾׽һ룬ζûйԷġʦƺš
ΰͷͲֱдúóԡӣǻʱɾ͸
ΰ׳ԵĿ⣬׼ȥп¯Ĳŷڶ
תͷȥ˼룬ΪԷֲ˼˵Ͱѿӷ£һڨЦԣԡ
عЩЦ˵ãҸղ飬ûвԡ
ΰװŰʵģ
˵겻ڣΰֵԾ˵ҪֱңĻŻŵġ
ԣһЦǰ˵һ仰ֲС
ȷûб˼ΰӣ
ôֱΰ׳Եòˣſʼԡ
Ȼʱ䣬ΰʱʱͻͶι⡣
ܵ˵ٷԵûͦĵġ
˳Ա㣬ûţֱ˼
Ϊ˯˸ľΰ׸оԼڼֱǾӣȥ鷿籾
״Щεҡҡͷ
ʱ䣬ΰһ¼ҵװޡ
˭룬ΰױҪæûʱ䡣
֪ΰ׶ҵܿأȻȥŶԷ
ûʲôĵش򿪵ӡ
ǡΰ֮ǰĵǲӳһ򿪾ˡ
ͶΰҵЩĵԿ
ΰ߳鷿ʱ򣬾Ϳ»档
ѵòڹڿר־ŲԶĵӡ
տʼΰ׻Щƣʲôô˵Ȥ
ֱbgmݵڻ׹ô¡
һʱ䣬ΰεýָͷַӿ۳һǱ
ʶתͷȥʵæˣ
ΰסšһǹɲʵôˣ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰֵ㲻֪ϲЩûӪĵӾ𣿡
ü׷ֻڷϡ
ݵĵӾߵӰһǺȤġ
˽һ
ΰ˵жǼٵġ
ȻҲġ
֮֯£ΰ׸ɴֱ·ʡ尾
״ΪԼ˵ˣæ׷ȥţö˶˵ôˣ
Ϊΰ׷Ӳܿ׷ΰס
ţΰţǼرŤ
ץˣԷ϶ֻܵ
ΰû֮ǰקס˶Էĸ첲
ΰ׵һüͷ壬ۣ
⻰æʵ𣿡
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼ˵ôԽԽϴ˰
ⷬ²ۣǵûзˣԴֻСϴֵİ취á
ĥ˼µóĽۡ
ʱһΰףԷ͸ͷ¿ƵĽһµġ
뵽ûΰ׿ڵĻᣬԹԵ㻹û˵ôˡ
ִŵӣΰЩͷۣû
Ȼ⸱ˣӲ
ΰĪ˼ɲţЩҶ˵û
ҪĵĻ⣬ΰ˸Ƿȥϴ˯ˡ
£ΰ׳ûзһӳԼĸ첲ص˯£߽ԡҡ
ûˣΰ׳
ԵìܲҪҹ
һҪΰԭҳ
뷨ԡʮӡ
ˮͣЪãԡҵžʹˡ
ΰǰ̤ԡңžͱǽϵһԲۣ
˼룬ΰ׸ؿµ㲻֪˻˵𣿡
Ǹ
ϴ̬ôãΰҲö˵ʲôԵԼС
˭ͻȻŵ鶼ãΰȻҲ⡣
š۲Ĳ뷨ΰԽ߳档
̧ȸΰס
ΰ״ͷ֮󣬷Լߣ̲ס˸²۵ǳԱ˳ŵû¸һֱҡ
ϵ¸ɡ
ΰ׷´ȥæ¡
ĩˣΰ²һ䣺Ӥ
Щ䣬㲻ϲ𣿡
ΰע⵽ˣ㣬ϲ𣿡
ǰԼճˡ
Ȼΰһ£ڵѾˡ
ֻ˵꣬쳣϶صҵȻϲˡ
Ϊ˵ⲹ䣺ҰͲܱԿ׿۴Сһֱ㴧ڶߵĴȥġ



234 ̯ 
ⷬʵΰ׾ˡ
Ҫ׶ţ벻뷨
Σų˳ǵΪһӰˣô˱̬뷨
ԣЦһصҼǵ㾭˵ʱҡ
˵겻ΰ׿ڣԷʱҶǺĵģ㲻֪𣿡
ΰ֪Ƥ񣬵û뵽ʱ飬ܺ񵽿ȳǽĳ̶ȡ
޽ǽΰ׾ƾƤȣ϶ܴĹס
ΰǸĪое㻬̲סЦЦ
״ʶʵЦʲô
ΰ׿Цݻصûʲô
ĩˣΰԡ˵ȥϴ裬ˡ
ƳһǽϵʯӢӣüʵôˣ
ΰ׻ûüڣֵҼǵƽʱһҪʮŻ
С˼ΰﲻ˼飬а
Ϊ˱Լη壬ΰͷֱ۾
Ȼ˫۾·͸ӹܣоԼﶼⶼ͸ˡ
ΰʿˮԼӲš
ϧǣǰ󲻹ӵʱ䣬͸оŲסˡ
գⳡսΰǱͷա
ע£ΰ׸оĶڣֻûܻҡ
ǽϣǵѸʧ߷ΧӰεЦЦ
׼ȥϴʱ򣬺Ȼ
ʶΰǴ㲻ýˣæܹȥţţ
ΰվź󣬺ȻرԼٶȹ졣
࣬϶û취ѶԷ⡣
ڼ
ΰס˼Щ⣬ˣǲῪŵġ
ڿͷ˯ɣǱͷӶС
ϸͷķ䡣
꿨Ϳ
ΪΰֻǺЦôš
ʱһһιȥΰûпŵ˼
˶ʮӣòΰײŵʵ
ûġ
˼Ƭ̣õСıԡ
˵ţȥͷҹҲҪҽȥ˯°ɡ
ΰ֪׷
Ȼһҵˡ
Եһҧʮ¾
ΪƭεˣΰȻϵ
ͷ¹мԼ˯£ΰ׾Ͷ˵˯·ڿͷǱߣ¹ܿ
ǧ㣬ôû㵽
һʱ䣬Щɡ
ѵΰ׾δ֪ɣ
ܿͽ뷨ѹȥ
ΰδ֪ͲǰЩˡ
£ֻܽԭΪɺϡ
Ҫҡ
˯µĽڲˣֻȥ˿ͷ
ò˵ϰڻӣͻȻһ˯ǹߡ
ڴϣȥ飬ʼ𲻳˯¡
֮£ΰ׾Ҫˡ
ԼǰһֵԵʣΰ׽νá
磬ΰ׾˯ʱǴЦݣεԼԾ˳ͨ
ڶ죬ΰӵٻ
Ϊеϣΰ׵Ӷӡ
ӣڶٴ
ΰײ鲻Ըżͷ˴
վڴǰ˸ΰ۾߽ԡңʼϴ
ţΰ׻ϵ˯£׼ȥԸ;ͳˡ
ΰԭΪһӦûƢ
ƽİͣӦûˡ
û뵽һ߳ȥͼϵСΧȹӳ˳
ĿԣΣ׼ȥ㡣
ʲôûӣΰĳһ󵨶ֻ뷨
ѡʧˣ
ܿ죬ΰ׾Ͱ뷨񶨵ˡ
Ϊ˵һ䣺£ԾҾбҪġ
ΰ˼룬¶ڨЦ˰ɣȥľȥˡ
ǣټ⡣
Цΰ׷ǵû˿֮Уһӽˡ
ԭڣƤЦⲻЦ
׳ƣЦ
ΰ׾ãԾп籩
һǸ棬ΰ׾͸оͷƤ飬ŵʿˮ
У취ȥ
ڳڼȻҪԵԾִ£ΰֻʱ·£ǻһ䣺Ǿ͵һ˵
̫£ΰץξߣҪˣݰݡ
ԣ̧һʱ䡣
˵ʮ֡
ûǴΰ׽Ծʮ㣬ԾҲԶȥСʱ
ɴ˿ɼʱֻǸĽڡ
뵽ҡҡͷǺǰһˡ
ΰ׽Ҫţķ¥µˡ
˳ΰһ
˾ΣһոΣյӣںһ䣺ʦ̯ˣ
ΰ׻Ǹ˵ļƣµͷȷʵ̯ˡ
˾Ǻ棬֪ܶ鲻ʣͰݺѹȥˡ
˾ûȥ뷨ΰ׾ûٶ˵ʲô
ĿⴥΣΰסءһҧȥ
Ϸḻһοͷǳ
ΰ׳˽ʮӣŰγɹ
ʳаĵá
ΰ׳֮󣬽ԼǵԹȫûˡ
ȻҪлᣬܱܷͷ
һ磬Ŀ
ȥԾ㣬ΰʱ䣬ھԾʼдСʱ
ΰײţͰѾ籾ͳ׼ٹ̨ʡ
ΪӶûսӰǵԾΰĵ˼ֽŸС
һǻѹΪˣݽŸз״̬ˡ
ԾʼǰӣΰװնԷṩϢҵԾľλá
õ룬ΰ׾
ΰûԼ̨ʡ
˭룬һٶȻһߵĳ
ֻԷһһ߷һ˵װģ
ΰЦ˿ȥƨ¡
㣬֪֪˭
ҹ˭
еİصԱըˣʼ޲𹥻ڵԱûҽ̣һ㶼ǰ
ΰԣһЦǰ
˵겻ȶԷڣΰԹʵλ
İس꣬տʼйҪͷοڳԵ̫ˣͲ֮ˡ
ڼʵԱȦݼһ
ƽİھԱϲ˵䡣
鲻õʱ޹ŮԱ
İǰЩԾ˳⼸̬ըѵʱ򣬾Ƣй
ΰǡײǹڡ
˭룬ΰ׺ͺܶԱһȻҺǺ
İظоԼȨ⵽ƣָŶԷƿڴôϷϹ˲Ųʶң
ĪΰȥΪҰ˭Ҫʶ㡣
в͸ϽȥҽԺƣ淢衣
ŵ˵ġ



235 õӰ 
ΰⷬɱ̫ǿˣÿֶİĿڴ
İָΰף·ɭָ֢һֱڲͣǳɫ
£İȻ˵ˡ
һĻǷ׷׷Ц
оΰЦ
İ˼һԼ㾹Ȼң
ΰЦڵİϵĿм߼¾͵óе
˵겻İؿڵĻᣬΰֲҪǿʹһСıȥķϣҿɲˡ
İܻ׼ȭͷΰףſںȻˡ
һ룬߳е6ΰ𣿡
ΰ׾첲Ӧڡ
ĿԣüۼżְֵԾˣɡ
̬ʹΰ̲סüͷ
ϡСѲĵûз
ΰ׷źþ籾ƽ·°ڵ壬һŸԷ˽ȥ
棬ΰϰԴΧ
ֻǰӣֱŵݡ硢Ƭˡ
Ŀⴥΰ׾ӶҪˡ
ԪƼǻΰ׾Ͳµ˵ݲ򵥡
ôû뵽ⲿӰĵݾȻ֡
Ҫ֪λԴûĹһƬ
ֵĵӰÿһֶ8.0ϡ
мǳռƼǰʮ
һ˵ƬƱ̫ߡ
Ȼִɡ
ǰƬĸסڴڵһҵƬɱһѪ·˵괺ڵƱھ
ֱµƱߴʮڡ
ʱʼҵھ֡ʥ֡Ĵ˵
ֳƷƷ
־ͳΪԱеġ
Ϊ˳ΪֵĵӰǣԱǿνʹ
ϧǣֲʱһס
ΪȱͶˣԲú»ᱻгЮܹƾԼѡԱ
͵ⷽ쳣ϿֻҪĶ񶨵ֻǲһ㡣
ĸ߱׼£ÿγﱸµӰѡԱ͵úķѼ¡
ʱǳһʱ䣬ǲƱߴ40ڵġĸס
ѡԱиĵĹ涨ǲϲ̫ġ
ǰΰԱԾᶼò
⡣
ֻ˴ʱ䣬˲λԱûҵĿеǡ
֮£ֻ鷳ǰæѰҡ
Ԫҿ籾ΰϻݼ϶ܷҪ󣬾Ƽΰס
ΰ̤뷿һ̣촽˶˼¡
ΰ׻ûԾ֪ԷݼܷܲԤڱ׼òסеļ
ΰײ֪λЩʲôڰ̺͵ݡ硢Ƭһһʺá
кΰһ򵥵ҽܣվȴַ
ַ˷籾ñ滭˸ȦСΣҹͺѷֵǳϷɡ
ΰѾ籾ù졣
ָ˵꣬ΰԶֳػ档
ò˵̫ˡ
ı׼˵ҹͺѷֵһĻĸ߹֮һҲݵġ
ݽĸ飬вͻο
͸ˣһֻԵһֻв
ҪݺþѾˣͱ˵ݵóʡ
ʼ֮ǰΰ׺ȻЩңдһǳϸС籾ûдȫȫˡ
˳׼£ɹؽݻˡ
ΰױݽһ̣𺰵ˣ
Ѱ˴ǣڳˣ
ҪǵΰᣬֶȥסԷ
ֵļ쳣ΰãȻ
ԭҸ̫ͻȻˣΰе㲻š
ѡˣ
ΰգգۣ֤Ƶһ䣺ǺҿЦɣ
ᶨȻǣĿеǣ
ȷԼΣΰ׵䵽ʵ飬þ˺߶Խӡ
ףԸȥ˵һ£ǵѡѾ£ǲٵˡ
˼룬һʵˣ
֣ʲô𣿡
æҡҡͷûУǾе㾪ȡ
ĩˣͳȥֵ˼
ȴԾԱȫɵˡ
Ҫ֪ԾĻʮˡ
Ե6žͶˣʵ˲롣
һλԾԱİء
عİֱӳʵݣҲʱ𣿡
ֱΪѡǸš
ͻȻܽﻹ˵ЩĪĻֵĺ鲻ܵӰ졣
ֶһֺ˵˵˸Σ˵Ĳϲֶ˼֡
ȻӦ֪Ƣԡ
İʣֱһˮ
뵽üͷЩʵʲô˼
ֳĬ⼸룬İԶת飬ʶиеˣ֪ΰдг˲𣬵ôйһ㣬˶Ծɡ
⻰һֵЦˣİأ㲻ȥǿϧˡ
˵겻ȵİؿڣֵ֮ԶΰףΪλݼҶǵԤ롣
İԣ˿Цһ
һŽˣʲôݼ
Ƕ̫ʧˡ
Ϊΰܹ˳ǣȻĿݼá
İ֪ѶԼ˵ٶ඼޼¡
ž˵һ֮󣬵İؾͲֵȺ˳ȥ
˳ͳֻһߵ΢
ԱİVʱ̫ˣӰΨһһ龻ˡ
ǰɣǰɣȻڲˣ
ûˣ
ӾԽԽãֵӰˡ
ʦܲܰ˰سҪˣ
İ˽ʮϷҲһҷۡ
οΪӦΰףѪ΢Ѻһˮ
ǡʱиΪܰƤ˾Źã˿ʱ顣
ڵİصˮһ򣬾ڶѵĹע
һʱ䣬˶ڲ²İں˭
й۲鷢չĵİؼ״оʱˡ
ϵˮǱߣìͷָΰס
ˮмԹȺھͽĿͶΰס
ʦ˵ΰףҲ֡
ǰΰǰйƵĺʷ
ˣˣΰܱܲӰ磬ߺŵˣ
ӰɱȵӾ׬ǮˣΰôܷŹ󲡡
ʵΰݼͦõģҪҪȥ¾˵
һðΧˡ
ڹѲڣ˵Ѳò˳΢
֮󣬱ֻ·˵ѣԭתΰ׵ҷۡ
ϵʱƲϷͣɱԼӰӹزע⡣



236  
¹ΰףһӶûҵ飬ȥܲð칫һ㱨
֪ϢеĹߴӵĻתƵô£
ʵиеİصԱ΢ں
˲һ£İ֮Է΢ΪͬμԾѡˣкĻ
΢ãһˮĺм֡
Ѷ
ʵ˵ʲô
鲻ѣ׼£ɡ⡱һ
ᰲʾ֪Ҫ֪ЩôΰףԷ϶ᵱը
Ϊ˱ֻЩôĻ˵ܱѡУʱġ
⻰һЦˣԼû£ͰѱɺԼһǸЦ
Ƶֹһ飬Ѿ൱
һȥˮСŵԴȥ΢Ӫˣѡ
ڶϵӰӹزǼ¼Щͷ˵IDͳһߡ
ִ绰ԾƬΡ
ᰵͷõģȥ졣
ķŭ뵣ģΰλҪˡ
մԾʱΰ׸оЩˣڳһ
˭룬һ۾ֱ˯ȥˡ
ֱӻصͣΰûļ
˾ԥûҴλڵΣ³˸绰
֪ΰ˯еʱ⿪ˡ
ղƣֵǷ꣬ΰôһ㷴ӦûС
λ˯ȥˡ
룬ҲãʡӰΰ顣
Ϊΰѹ֮µţҵ绰᰷һϢ
ղ˵£ʵ
ĩˣֻƵгֱ̣ס
˶̰ΪѾӿʼ𾪱ľ
ͷ˿֪̰˳ɺΰйء
ص˴΢ΰ׵ĺѹѰǰ棬Լͬа
Ȼˡ
Լʮӣصͣ
˾ṩλϢܿҵǡ
Ŀⴥֻں˯СѹͷǹɻһӾûˡ
תͷ˾˸ʾԷȥԱߵš
ţ빭
Ϊĳΰףȫ̷ٶȣΰױŲŵġ
ƽＸӾɵ¶Ӳ˽һӡ
ڣɹ˱˻
ȵڼ䣬йڸ׵㣬һֱŸ߶Ⱦ衣
һ˺üȦ˵ǹˣֻСèСûУ΢
صŰ˷ڴϡ
ȷΰûļһ
߳ң˾ڿţʶѹ˵ȥɡ
˾˼룬Щʵ°ˣ
šһ֪ͨ㡣
˾˸С˳ˡ
Ǵ򿪵ԣδɵĹ
ʱһȥһɼС
Ļ·
ʮһʮ
ˣѹо
ʼǱԷڲ輸ϣ߽ҡ
ΰ˯ôЩԥҪҪԷ𴲡
ǵͲɶ岻ãΰ׵θЩ⣬ҪʱԷͺѣó緹ˡ
˼ΰֻ΢΢üͷû˼òơ
ΰҪԵǸ˵ˡ
Ժ֮Уΰ׵ʶ𽥻ĸ֪
ΰסһֳ̧ǵԴȥ
һ룬žһڶը
ΰܵţ͵˫ۣܲ鿴
Ŀⴥֱʺİӡΰ׵˲ûˣȡ֮顣
ĿԣΰڨЦ⣬⡭Ҹɵİɣ
ЦЦ˵أ
ĩˣֲһ䣺ûеڡ
֮⣬ΰûܸ¡
ΰײɵӣȻ֮
ע£ΰεýָͷ˼˯ʱ̫ʵ
ָǸӡʵȷֻǲ̫ʵ
ΰ̾˿ŶͷǺܲʵ𣿡
Ϊ˲鲻ţΰ׼æתƻ㺰
ֱָصˡ
ΰסŶһ´߽ԡҼϴһ¡
߳ңΰ׷ʲôûУ˼ʵأ
ΰɵ㶵ӣһЦȥ
ΰԣһ޴İۣΪʲôٰҺܶ˯
̾˿ð
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬֵǸСûĵġ
ôһ˵ΰײΣҸ֡
æԱҾС
ΰ⻰˼ˣûô
˵겻ܾĻᣬΰƹԷ߽æϴ˲ˡ
ЦЦվſעһҲȥ˻
˴ŸɻٶȻҪһ˿˺ܶࡣ
ԼʮӣͰʳĴˣͲ졣
ΰϴɾ֣ͻλˡ
гģĲһ⡣
ΰ߳ʰһ£ȿ
Լ˵ԵʣֽúܣܿͰѲˡ
ػΰ߽æ˲ˡ
Եʱΰ׾Щ˼̰ɣ
Щ⣬ôͻȻҪ밢£
ΰ״ʱ䱦żУÿˡ
˼Ƭ̣ʵ˷ʱ𣿡
ûΰ׿ڣԹԵҲ˷ʱ䡣
лϵʱ䣬˷ѡ
ȻķˣҪ밢ǿԵġ
ΰȫû뵽ƽһ⣬ܼһס
˵ʱȫ̶رֿ
ǿҵĿ⣬ΰҪԵС
ΣΰɤӵԽԽˡ
Цͺá
ΰü԰ڶ֪ˡ
û취λҲøϳС
˵Ц˼䣬͸ΰװݹȥͬϸװ㶽ٶԷ
ΰѾϰģʽû˵ʲô
쳬ӣѲر𸴺ΰ׿ζ
ΰһСľ͸Գˡ
ΰ̱ϣͷԼСӣһпŶ
ǳϵؽӻ
һ룬ջΰ׵һۡ



237  
Ҫĳ̶ȣΰ׾һٴˢ֪
ĿԣΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼôԽԽ̬˰
Щίⲻ𣿡
ΰҭһ£ֹŲ磺˵Ǻ㶮
Ҫ۵Ļȷʵռ
֪һ㣬ûٺΰ׼硣
ΰʶһԼӮˣ۵ײӿֳЩ֮ɫ
ĩˣΰͳֻ׼Сȥ΢һȦ
ע⵽ˣһָֻϵ˵һʰ
ǹʹΰףǵϵûдãΰ֪˻Ӱ顣
Ȼΰײ֪Ϸ£Ϊ粻һʱ߳ŭһسӡ
ΰЩˬֹһ䣺С
Ϊΰ׼˵Ļ
Ȼ֮ľһӣΰ׾ü˵ǡ
ΰ׵²ۣһֲȫ
ԣüʵС
ΰסƬ̣¶˵˻ץľȡ
˶⼸ΰ׵ӷת
գΰ׾װɵ㶡
⣬ΰ¶޹ı飬һãȻʵʲô
Цˣסΰ׵յװɵǰɣ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬֵҷѧԣ²ұץ˺üΣ
ΰױѼ죬û취ΪԼ⡣
£ΰֻȰֻҵĵ
ûκ׼㲻ΰ׵Ĺ
һ룬žһ
ֱٴγһʺİӡ
̫ΰײЩ顣
ͣͣΰױŴƽֵ뷨սԿ˵㣬û°ɣ
ԣָǸӡڶˡ
ĩˣ˵һ䣺֪ұǷġ
ΰ˼룬Цصڣڡ
㾾ⲻţΰ׼æתƻ˵ҽԾͨˣ֮ǰµҲ׼ʼ¼ˣڼҴ˼졣
˽⣬Է֪Ϣ֮ע϶תƹ
Ҫ֪һͲڼҴһء
֪Ҫ뿪ȥ湤϶ż
ͬΰϣո˵һ̣ͻ𼱻ǵô죿
ΰ׵ͷ԰Ϊڵˣ϶ҪŬعʣ¶¶С
⣬޷ܡ
ΰһȥϷǼ£һڼô
ؿշӣ͸оؿڷ·ѹ˿ʯ
ҲڼöԷȥ顣
ΰǶĸ壬ҪضԷѡ
ﰵԼüأŻڣҪھã
ΰ룬һĨᣬ˵ڵӰҪܸߣ϶ԱģֱĳΪֹ
ҪûǴĻҲҪҡ
ġһࡣ
֪ھȻгһ֮õáˡ
ΰⲿӰҪôãǾؿշ
һֵ׳˵ֱȡʮ̡
ôӵʱ䣬ְȥΰ׵뷨
ܿͰ뷨ѹȥˡ
Ϊһ㶼ʵû취ɡ
֮£ֻܽ뷨תɣȥ̽ࡣ
ǧذתڼ䣬ΰһ͵Ŵı仯
׽ԹΰײΡ
ǰҲûһȥͼ²ؼҵġ
ΰԽԽ˼ɤӵѽڽͨô㣬пտԹ̽ֲûиɹ
ȷʵôģûӦΰס
ģԼװܸ㵽ʲô
뷨̾˿ȴһֶû˵
ΰеθиƹȥԵλãԷĹͷ˵ö˶˵̸ʲôֲǲˡ
ĩˣΰֵ㱣֤õһĳɼҾٽӵϷ
æʵʲôĳɼǰ˹Ӱۣˡ
ΰ׳Ƭ̣õӰߵӾ֮һ
ţΰ׵ݼ׼ọ̀һ
ΰ˾̫񣬶Ȧݼܴʵڲࡣ
ΰΣݼڵһġ
ΰýֻʱ⡣
ΰ׷Լ˵꣬þûпڣЩʵôˣ
ҡҡͷû˵
ԱˣΰҲܡ
Ϊĵ㣬ΰչȥ׶Էѹˣʱúܿġ
ƽ޹ʵ˸ףеϲӿҪסˡ
ûƹ
ΰ׷ûõʱ򣬾õɴ˫ۡ
׶ûãǳԱ˰ɣ
ΰײ֪ܺɴֱѯʶԷ˵ôɡ
װ˼ӣ˺һŴȷ𣿡
⻰һΰ׺ȻԤУӦˣֻҪΥҶᾡ㡣
õҪĴ𰸣۾
ӣΰܾԼ񱻿ˡ
ϧΰ׻ûô£ͱתעȲ˵˯ʱٸ㡣
ΰԣһӱ
Ҫӣô޼¡
ΰûа취ֻܽѹȥĹĵءߡһ
ĩˣΰʰ꣬׼˽ϴ
׷Щ˵ϴͺãȥЪŰɡ
ϾҪķѺܶ
Ȼ仰ֻ룬Ұ˵
Ҫΰ֪ˣ㲻ýҪڿͷҹ
ΪԼҸ룬ֻܱŲ˵
ϴ꣬ϴЩˮΰǰ
ΰڴϷ۾û̧һ¡
״ɴݮݵΰߣιСڳԡ
ΰЩ˼ȷţҴϷͳԡ
ЦֲûιԹ
ΰҲǣİõس
Ϸһ룬ΰ׸оеˣ˿ϡ
ҪŲóԶԴڶԷϡ
ʮӹһϷ
ΰ̧ͷһʯӢӡ
ŵ㣬硣
ֿһϷϿΡ
ͻȻӵᰴĵ绰űʼǱȥˡ
ΰ״˼Ϸ֪͹Сʱ
ȻеСϺȥ鷿ʵ벻ҹ
̧ͷһĨȣˣ
ΰףûжǵԵ㶫
ѵиڣҽ컹ͨ˵ӰǵԾΰ׾бҪһԼ
᲻ˡ



238 ּ 
뵽Ҫ飬ΰ׳Զ˸㲻Ҫ³
£ֿʱеˣٳ԰ɡ
Ҫܾΰ׺⡣
ΪǰҪڴӦΪֹûоܾ
뵽ΰһ˹ȻǴӡ
˵겻ڣΰԹԵŸû£Ҫԭˡ
ԣԩСڣҿûаģ㲻Ҫˮ
ΰдʵҸϵʱ˵ʲôժϵǶӦңҵҹȴģ㻹˼ԩ
ûа취ֻܸĿڣУپ͵١
ҪԴϺҶ˸͹
ˡ
ΰ׵óԸûپ˵ͣתȥˡ
תһȦΰСϺտ֮䷸˾ᡣ
ʵѡΰ׾һ㡣
ȫҪСӲѡ
ºõΰ»صɳţȴС絽
ǵǼҵеԶټϵ׼Ҫʱ䣬ΰ׾ٿһϷ
ΰԭţһϷ˵ʮӾ͹ˣСʱ
Աǰڷͷ˵ֱ֮ӻȪˮһΰ߾һĴ״̬˵Ǵ൱ࡣ
Сʱΰ׸ое㷳ˣͶˡ
ܲסøͷ¿ƵģÿͶ֧֡
ΰûа취ֻеķ
ƫƫʱǸԱҪʱʱ䣬ΰ̬ըѡ
ΰײϲϷˣʵ̫ˣΰһʱûסͺͶԷ
飬һ鷿ͼΰ׺ʱʱĳ໰֮Щƣڵʱ䷢ʲô¡
ԥҪҪѯʱΰ׵ֻˡ
ǡͲ͡ΰ׾֪Сġ
ΰ׽绰ûüڣǱ߻𼱻ǵ¥µĴŹˣ鷳ȡ͡
Сôһ˵ΰҵΪСҵİȫÿ϶صһ¥š
˼룬ΰЩ˼صõģȥ鷳ӡ
ĩˣΰ׹Ҷϵ绰֧첲£ڴϷ
֮ǰȰ˵ΰײҪָһͨȻپܾԷҪ
¥ˡ
õһĨȡ
ΰ׾Ȼôණ
ΰװЩȫˣʮа˾Ҫڴϡ
Ǹ棬͸о͸ˡ
Ȼܲΰ׳ԣԷҪըë
̾˿΢Щص˼ҡ
ʱΰ׸ոսǾĵϷ
ŵĶΰȥӭӡ
ĿⴥϵĶΰ׵һӾʹӴ졣
״ԴοԼ
Ȳ˵ҹΰá
ڲ輸ϣΰ˳ȥ
򿪱䣬ΰתʵҪȵʲôϣ
ϲϣҺȿȪˮС
ΰԣСֹһ䡰ˡһƿլˮ˳ȥ
صɳ£ΰ׸հѷլˮڲ輸ϣͼüͷ΢壬ٺȵ֡
ΰסΪʲô
ЩΣ岻á
ʶָĲʲôΰЩ죬ǹŲӲþͲ£ֲӡ
ɤӣڿƼôӹѾоˣ˵׼Ժ
ΰ꣬оڲͣ£æתƻ⣺ЩٲԾҪˡ
֪ΰƤϵȷʵ
˶һۣԼͬȥӡ
ΰ׵˼СϺֱʮ㡢ءԼ
֮⣬ֵһЩտ
ΰµʱò࣬ǲӲŷ֣ҹĸ˳ˡ
һʱ䣬ΰ¶ɫˣҺˡ
εȳ԰ɣԲ˵
ΰףֻˡ
ò˵ΰǵ͵۾СԵһͲˡ
ע£ΰһֺõЦݣʾʣЩȫԷˡ
Ŀԣ˵ĵ̫Ѩͻͻֱ
޿κΣ˭Լڡ
ΰεĿ⣬س
ȻҲֻǳԵ߰˷ֱͲټˡ
ڴ֮ǰΰ׾Աߺŷլˮȵʱʱʱпְ
ԣϸƵĶһ䣺ٺȵġ
ΰ׹˹ӣЩ˵ֲǲޣòôС
ʵ֤ǻڲ䵽
ΰ׳ûã͸ое㲻̫
տʼֻйǵĸо
ʱһȥΰ׿Ըо͸б˶ʹУżһĴʹ
ΰ׵Ļᱻ˵̣һ̾͹ȥˣһֱû
ڻظʼûע⵽ΰ׵
֪˶ãΰʵ̲סˣһ
ʶתͷȥѯ
ûڣͱΰ׽ӵɫˡ
˼룬żţ岻𣿡
ΰ׼ѵصͷ˿˼֣ۡ
״֪Լһˡ
ΰ׶۵ͷϵ亹ʪˣæԷ˵ȥͣ
ңһ
ΰȵ˾֪ʲô
Ϊżһ·϶ڳ״̬ٵ·˺ơ
֪ǲԵģ˲ôˡ
֮ҪϽΰ״ȥҽԺ
ȥҽԺʱҪΰױ³ȴԷסˡ
ΰ˿θǹɷڵĸо˵е¡㻹Ǳˣϡ
æ¾°ɡ
£˱ӳ˳
Ϊΰ˵£ûȫ̶ڿߡ
ʶҽҽ𣿡
ֵҹҽԣæܹȥʵôˣ
Ұ˶ۣղŻ˵е¡
Ŀⴥΰ׼ûѪɫҽæ˼ʿóΰƽȥ顣
ļ٣ǳ˵ȴû취
Ϊ˾õصҵԺĵ绰æߴһ¡
ʱҽż鱨浥ˣθףʲôصĲİɡ
΢ʧ
ҽ룬ĻͻˣĻҪɡ
ĩˣҽֵղˣ¹ƻӵ㴲Ҫˡ
ףʾԼ֪ˡ
ȥΰ׵ĲڴߣŶԷûѪɫ·һֻ߬סйҪϢĸо
ΰ򴽣СС˵һ䣺Բ𡣡
ҪĻûƿֺͺˡ



239  
ΰ׿Ͱ͵ӣ״˽ѵԷ뷨
ˣΰֲǹģοԼ
̾˿ΰ׵Դ´עͺˡ
ΰ׵ͷҲôˡ
ԼǸո˵Եʣΰ׸оκġ
ΰҪҪ˯ʱ򣬺Ȼرȥ䡣
ΰ鷳Էһ˵
ϧǣ̵̾ġ
Ϊ˲ڿϣΰֻžȣ˳˵ȥ䡣
Ϊҽ֮ǰԴ˲⡣뵽ΰƤȽϱⰲԷҽ˵˼θףкģҪ
׹ףΰɻо˼
˲ӵļʱΰ׵θдﵽ˶塣
ΰ򴽣ϵĿǸ⣬ҪҷɣӦÿԼߡ
ԣüͷ΢΢𣬡ˣʵ㡣
Ϊΰֱˣڳֲ᲻һ¶Էƨɡ
ΰɵˣֱ䶼ûع
ȥսԿѶԷ
ΰγѰգգۣڶӴǹʹеĴߴ£ɫǺ˵һ䣺Գȥˡ
ף㣬ºҡ
ΰ׾ò˼ãֻǼθףֲȶˡ
ûдΰףԹ߳䣬ͬһͦεվ⡣
ΰͰϣ͸ԼԼܿӰӣЩڡ
ڿΡ
ΰҧҧԶ㣬¶ԷС
һΰĬĬŤͷط۲Ĳ
ֻҪȥܵԷڡ
ΰҰο
ԼӣΰŶվɫ֮ǰѿ˼֡
ΰ״ţһ߳ȥͱʵɫôѿ
ĩˣ˵һ䣺ú
ΰҡҡͷû̶ֳȡ
ΰ׳ǿ̫ˣ𰸴ǣģ㲻Ҫƭҡ
ΰ׳˳ǣΣģƭûзԳԡ
룬ҽΰ׼塣
⣬˴ᱧ𣬴ǳŴȥ
ΰ̧۾Ŀⴥŵ򦣬֪ôĺȻЩš
ܸо̫ˡ
Ȼûΰ׾ҪҪʣͱ˴ϡ
ΰ׻ûӦߺȻһ
תͷȥһԭ˴ͷϵĺ塣
ΰ¶ɻ󣬡㺰ҽ
üۼ䱻Ҳ̫ģҽơ
ΰ˼룬δ̫Сˣû¡
ΰƴǣ̡
˵ж϶Ǽٵġ
ΰǧذת֮ʣȴüͷ
ԭΰʵ̫ǿˡ
̬չȥ϶Уûΰ׵ľܾϡ
Լӣҽʿ
սţҽͻ𼱻ʵôˣ
ΰ׵ʵеأմʱ򣬾촽ûѪɫ
ҽԣаθ׾
Һô˵
ΪˣλֱƱĴڡ
ҪǸʵʵ˵Է϶ڷ¡
뵽ʼһ˵˵ܣʿܱһҪЩҸҩŵĳʦ
ԣһĿԣ֪ˡ
ĩˣЩʵȷһ飿
ҽǲõġʵڲģҽԺ߿󡣡
ǴҸ˵ĽǶȳʵûҪ
һƫ󣬶
˼Ƭ̣ĦָصȻǾȲˡ
ע⵽ҽ˿ⲹʲô£ٺ㡣
ҽͷûʲôµĻǾˣҪæ
΢΢ףá
ҽߺڴߣΰס
Լʮӣΰֳ˳˵ȥ䡣
Ƶĳ˺üΣұ۾
Ψһֵҵǣΰ׵תˡ
ӿʼÿʮӾҪȥһΣ˼ʮӲȥһΡ
˺ҹΰ׾ûӵˣֻǶӻеۡ
ôʱˡ
ΰ̧۾˯ȴӲŵӣ̲סҪȥ㻤˯ɣӦûʲôˡ
˯ַĲΰףǿ˯ܾˣؼ˯
ΰ׳Ȱ˵˼飬ʼûɿڵ˼Ͳټ֡
ˣʮͷţסǲҪͼȰ˵Էˡ
ΰ򴽣۾硣
Ǽҹ
ΰһĿⴥ鲼Ѫ˿˫ۣ۵ʮ
ûڣʹչʵоô
ΰ״Ӧúõòˣһûж۵ĸо
ҽΰ׼һ顣
ȷΰûд󰭣Ŵλϻؼҵĳ
;УҽĽ飬̽һ䣺ΰףҸҩŵĳʦ׷̫Сˡû취סڼԸԸ⻻ס
ΰֻҪɽׯԡ
ԭΪҪһ˵ΰס
˭룬һ飬ΰ׾ͽˡ
סɽׯûϵķǡοֻסѣΰϲװѾˡ
װˣͺΰװȥ
Ϊΰغ˵˵൱ˣüҶȾЦ⡣
˵ɾ͸ɣȴΰ׻صԭסϵ˾һ˸ɨ
ΰ׾סⶰ
ﻹйܼҡӶˡԼֲϵᵫóҩŵĳʦ
ΰɳϣææӣƳһԵ˵٩ǣͲˡ
Цһķˣһȥġ
ΰüûٽӻ
֪ʦѾʼæΰײʼڴԼǷҩš
̫óԣ֪λʦܲܰѶúóԵ㡣
ʣҪҸƵ
ƻᶢúܽ
뵽ΰײΪԼδǡ
ҪǶٶٶҩţرѳԣǺȤԡ
СʱӶ½½ӳŲ˳ˡ
ΰ׵һֱǶƶ
ȥʼûзԼǵҩš
ΰ̲ס²⣬ѵǽʱִ̫ˣʦûҩţ
һ˶ʱΰױСɰȥע
Ӷƿӵ˲䣬ΰֻоһصʶӡ



240 ҩ 
ףظΰʢڶԷǰλá
ΰϰߺٳԷӽ˼ͼԴ¡
ֱоˣΰҨһͽ
Ϊ֪ҩŵζΣҶиΪĸӡﲢûб̫
˭룬ҩžȻغúȡ
ΰ׷˺üҩϺȲʲôҩζ
治ؽƸĴʦá
ΰһСˡ
֮ΰ죬㡣
״ЦʵҪҪһ룿
ΰ׽ݹȥ㶼ôˣҪǾܾ˶಻ð
תͷװʵڽ˻͵Ц
ĩˣڸסЦ⣬ӹֻС룬װ˰˷
ݵΰŶԷɫ֪һ䣺ҩŵζ𣿡
ΰãûȦӣɴͷ⡣ǵһκȵԵʣҾñƽʱҪúһЩ
üȻҾͰǸʦˡ
ΰ׵ͷͬ˵
֪ΰ׶ҩŵζ⣬ʦ˿
źǷǳҪݹġ
Ϊܹ˳£ҩŵʱǻһٶʮֵľ
ΰߣҩŷǳθڣҽ첻̫ܳණʡøڻָڵĳθ
һֱҽΰ׺ڶ֮󣬾ûٸԷˡ
ҩǰΰ׶ĲûʲôȤټˮˮռӣ˼ھͷ¿ӡ
״ЩʵԱˣ
ΰסšһղźȶˡ
ΰ׵ĶӣȷʵǵˣʹסȰ˵뷨
ΰ׳Ա㣬ûСŵ΢׼ȥҵϳԡ
ûű˵ĹϣȳԵԼˡ
ţİΰ׵ǸǸ߹Ѱ׵Ĵΰ˼롣
عΰʶȥҪô¡
㳡һ΢ǵİر˷ġ
ΰüͷݵչԽԽͲд
ڴ֮ǰΰôû뵽һʵʵϷˣȻôкڡ
治֪Щ˾ôġ
ΪʲôõµӰǣƶǱԵʣ
ѵдšûݼĸ𣿣
ΰ׿Ͱ͵ӣ״˽ѵԷ뷨
ˣΰֲǹģοԼ
̾˿ΰ׵Դ´עͺˡ
ΰ׵ͷҲôˡ
ԼǸո˵Եʣΰ׸оκġ
ΰҪҪ˯ʱ򣬺Ȼرȥ䡣
ΰ鷳Էһ˵
ϧǣ̵̾ġ
Ϊ˲ڿϣΰֻžȣ˳˵ȥ䡣
Ϊҽ֮ǰԴ˲⡣뵽ΰƤȽϱⰲԷҽ˵˼θףкģҪ
׹ףΰɻо˼
˲ӵļʱΰ׵θдﵽ˶塣
ΰ򴽣ϵĿǸ⣬ҪҷɣӦÿԼߡ
ԣüͷ΢΢𣬡ˣʵ㡣
Ϊΰֱˣڳֲ᲻һ¶Էƨɡ
ΰɵˣֱ䶼ûع
ȥսԿѶԷ
ΰγѰգգۣڶӴǹʹеĴߴ£ɫǺ˵һ䣺Գȥˡ
ף㣬ºҡ
ΰ׾ò˼ãֻǼθףֲȶˡ
ûдΰףԹ߳䣬ͬһͦεվ⡣
ΰͰϣ͸ԼԼܿӰӣЩڡ
ڿΡ
ΰҧҧԶ㣬¶ԷС
һΰĬĬŤͷط۲Ĳ
ֻҪȥܵԷڡ
ΰҰο
ԼӣΰŶվɫ֮ǰѿ˼֡
ΰ״ţһ߳ȥͱʵɫôѿ
ĩˣ˵һ䣺ú
ΰҡҡͷû̶ֳȡ
ΰ׳ǿ̫ˣ𰸴ǣģ㲻Ҫƭҡ
ΰ׳˳ǣΣģƭûзԳԡ
룬ҽΰ׼塣
⣬˴ᱧ𣬴ǳŴȥ
ΰ̧۾Ŀⴥŵ򦣬֪ôĺȻЩš
ܸо̫ˡ
Ȼûΰ׾ҪҪʣͱ˴ϡ
ΰ׻ûӦߺȻһ
תͷȥһԭ˴ͷϵĺ塣
ΰ¶ɻ󣬡㺰ҽ
üۼ䱻Ҳ̫ģҽơ
ΰ˼룬δ̫Сˣû¡
ΰƴǣ̡
˵ж϶Ǽٵġ
ΰǧذת֮ʣȴüͷ
ԭΰʵ̫ǿˡ
̬չȥ϶Уûΰ׵ľܾϡ
Լӣҽʿ
սţҽͻ𼱻ʵôˣ
ΰ׵ʵеأմʱ򣬾촽ûѪɫ
ҽԣаθ׾
Һô˵
ΪˣλֱƱĴڡ
ҪǸʵʵ˵Է϶ڷ¡
뵽ʼһ˵˵ܣʿܱһҪЩҸҩŵĳʦ
ԣһĿԣ֪ˡ
ĩˣЩʵȷһ飿
ҽǲõġʵڲģҽԺ߿󡣡
ǴҸ˵ĽǶȳʵûҪ
һƫ󣬶
˼Ƭ̣ĦָصȻǾȲˡ
ע⵽ҽ˿ⲹʲô£ٺ㡣
ҽͷûʲôµĻǾˣҪæ
΢΢ףá
ҽߺڴߣΰס
Լʮӣΰֳ˳˵ȥ䡣
Ƶĳ˺üΣұ۾
Ψһֵҵǣΰ׵תˡ
ӿʼÿʮӾҪȥһΣ˼ʮӲȥһΡ
˺ҹΰ׾ûӵˣֻǶӻеۡ
ôʱˡ
ΰ̧۾˯ȴӲŵӣ̲סҪȥ㻤˯ɣӦûʲôˡ
˯ַĲΰףǿ˯ܾˣؼ˯



241 Ҫȥ 
ףظΰʢڶԷǰλá
ΰϰߺٳԷӽ˼ͼԴ¡
ֱоˣΰҨһͽ
Ϊ֪ҩŵζΣҶиΪĸӡﲢûб̫
˭룬ҩžȻغúȡ
ΰ׷˺üҩϺȲʲôҩζ
治ؽƸĴʦá
ΰһСˡ
֮ΰ죬㡣
״ЦʵҪҪһ룿
ΰ׽ݹȥ㶼ôˣҪǾܾ˶಻ð
תͷװʵڽ˻͵Ц
ĩˣڸסЦ⣬ӹֻС룬װ˰˷
ݵΰŶԷɫ֪һ䣺ҩŵζ𣿡
ΰãûȦӣɴͷ⡣ǵһκȵԵʣҾñƽʱҪúһЩ
üȻҾͰǸʦˡ
ΰ׵ͷͬ˵
֪ΰ׶ҩŵζ⣬ʦ˿
źǷǳҪݹġ
Ϊܹ˳£ҩŵʱǻһٶʮֵľ
ΰߣҩŷǳθڣҽ첻̫ܳණʡøڻָڵĳθ
һֱҽΰ׺ڶ֮󣬾ûٸԷˡ
ҩǰΰ׶ĲûʲôȤټˮˮռӣ˼ھͷ¿ӡ
״ЩʵԱˣ
ΰסšһղźȶˡ
ΰ׵ĶӣȷʵǵˣʹסȰ˵뷨
ΰ׳Ա㣬ûСŵ΢׼ȥҵϳԡ
ûű˵ĹϣȳԵԼˡ
ţİΰ׵ǸǸ߹Ѱ׵Ĵΰ˼롣
عΰʶȥҪô¡
㳡һ΢ǵİر˷ġ
ΰüͷݵչԽԽͲд
ڴ֮ǰΰôû뵽һʵʵϷˣȻôкڡ
治֪Щ˾ôġ
ΪʲôõµӰǣƶǱԵʣ
ѵдšûݼĸ𣿣
ʵϣĳ̫ɫ׸˲Ϸĵһӡ
ټмܶûбֶ˽ѻᱻǣűܡ
ΰԽԽ̲סһ޴İۡ
Σΰ׾ֻʵ֪֪İظˮ£
ԥʵ֪Ѿȥˡ
ΰԣƲƲ˵´ȸҰɣ³Щߵ
˼룬һĨΣ·ʱ֮ûеһʱ㣬Ϊ֪Ӱ顣
ڿС
´Ƶ鷢һ˸㡣
ΰ׵õҪĴ𰸣ص˵ͷ
İعǸ飬ȴûлӦ
ΰΪʥĸûб˵ԡ
İؼȻͷ϶͸óĽ
˵İȷʵˤùҵġ
Դ˲ΰõˮϵ˸
İشԱûûѶٹȫˡ
֮⣬İصӰԴҲ˹Ϸ֡
ЩӰԴͺϡȱһԱ˾һ
ĵЩԴԱ˵ϵڱûʲôҲŹ֡
ȵİŶӷӦʱԴѾȫˡ
İүү̣һλϢ֪ͨԼΪʲô³
ԵʶʱΪܡ
µİٲԸҲòΰ׵Ǹ
İؾϣΰǱôŶɿˡ
Դΰ׿϶ᱻȦڸġ
ϧΰλ˴ͷβ֪Ϸ顣
Ϊֵ׵ʱΰҽԺ롣
ȦʵİرûжʧȥԴعֱӵ㣬ûͱˡ
İصʹĻ
ΰ壬ǡա֮á¼ơ
ǰһ죬ͬǰǰ㣬Ϊظΰʰ
ΰڴߣһûһغ졣
ĳפα½ԥ̲ס̽ţ⡣
ΰԣ̧۾ʵʲô
װӻص˵פαÿڶڣǲģ
ΰײ֪ΪʲôͻȻʵûĻȷʵǵġ
ʣЩ
ΰף絵ڳˣѡһʱ򡣡
˼صͷʰĶ
һΰ׺֪
˸СѣǺĹݣҪ˽һ¡
ΰ׾⻰Щֵֹģ˵֡
գΰֻܹԼ̫ˡ
ʵĸоûгȷʵڼƻһ顣
ǾΪ˼½ΰ׽ӴĻᣬ½లһͨ档
ƻʵʩѶȡ
Ϊ½ͨԱǱ½ϼŵĴү
룬оҪϸϸıС
˯ǰΰ׷ֱڶĲɵ״̬ﲻɻ
·ÿҪ뿪ҵǰһš
βûвһˣ
ǰ󷴲֮ΰ׺Ѳ롣
ΰһţǼʧߡ
ڣڴϷȥǰ˯ҲûС
æչȥʵǲĲˣ
ΰﲻû¶Ӳһ䣺ûС
𰸣š
ϴεļθ¼֪ΰײһϲܡ
Ҫȫΰ˵ģ϶Ҫ군
뵽ƿӣһ´һ˵ȥҽ
ǰ֮Ϊշܶ࣬˸ͥҽס¥¡
ΰ׼״æסĸ첲
û岻ʣҪҽԷƻ²
ΰ׼æû£ǽ첻̫
תͷϸΰ׵ɫ
ΰеƮҲôҺӣ;è塣
ΰ˵ѣ
óֵۣҽҲġ
滰ǲĵģΰֱֻ˵ˣΪʲôô
ãȻ
ΰָϸǰϰߣȻ˫ֲʵ⻹𣿡
ЩЦ˵ԭǾˡ
ΰסߡһѵ𣿡
ǳɴصǸúúãˣԲ𡣡
ҲôҪŴˡ



242  
ΰ̧°ͣؿʵʵĸС
æŴˣɲЦҶǾ޶ĵġ
ΰ׹̧ܣ˭֪أĸƤ
ûڣΰֵ֪ʱ䲢ûʲô£ɴ˿ɼ㲻빫¡
û뵽ΰ׹۲һ
ҵĴѾص߱Ƚϻ谵ľȲûб֡
ڸסĨȣ»صȷʵ빫£ʱһĿЩ飬˼ҪҪ
˵ɷ£ΰеǴһ롣
ΰ׳Դ۲һɫȷ϶Էû˵ѵĺۼųˡ
ⲻ֪ʱֱŵһ
ȭͷڱӵ߬˲֪ٴΡ
ΰջ֮һ
ǰλ١աءɡںŪȥˡ
Ҫΰ֪ô½ҵû취Է϶Ҫ˵СǼ
Ϊ˱סԼеǵ󲻱ȻҪġ
ΰѾ飬Ͳˡ
֮ҪȰλں˵
뷨һ졣
ΰûзһѽԼ
ΰ˼룬ⲻһŤʵͻȻϮ
ЦصⲻǵҵСֱ˵˻ᱻܾ
ΰ׹˹ӣϵĿЩôȡֵ𣿡
ΰֱĿ⣬Ȼ˵ǡѹԼϣ̫ˡ
ΰ̧°ͣءߡһʶࡣ
εЦЦСڣڿ԰˯𣿡
ΰ׷˸ŲŲԼԷĻŵͷ˯ɡ
ڣΰ˵һ䣺
ص
£ˣͶԷһ۾硣
ڶ죬ΰͱӸˡ
Ϊ¼ҪڼһСزģΰֻӾʹӴ𼱻ǸϻԼ׷ӡ
ĿǱߴкŻڰ˵ҵִ
ΰ㣬ȥҪһСʱֻ·Ͻˡ
Ϊ˲Ӱ˯ΰ´ʱ˶
˭룬ԹŲ£ˣôˣ
ͻȻڣΰ׵һ
˼룬ΰؿµôͻȻ˵ˡ
״ʶ˵һ䣺ŵˣԲ𡣡
̬ȷŵôͣΰЩ˼ذڰֵˣԼš
ΰ׵ʱ˵ͻ´ܴȥԡϴ
Լӣΰϴϡ
ΰ߳ԡңڴͷϵֻһʱ䡣
ʮ֣ץˡ
뷨ΰ׻ٻ·
ΰ׼ʱ򣬶ԷҲϵ˯£ȥ
ΰ׻ûüܾǣߡ
عѾһ¥
ΰҲȥ
ΰ׾˳
ΰ·ϽͣҵͶ˾˵壬ȥ͡
һ£ͷӦΰס
յϢΰ׵ĺ˵Ѿ׼ˣͻǵ֮ǰ͹ȥġ
ΰ˼룬ЩȣŶ
ΰ׵ôȣƽʱ𣿡
ΰƲƲ죬ǰĳЩʱͺܲġ
⻰һ˺һŷӦΰʲô˼
ϧڲǿԺֵʱ
Ҫڼ϶ҪΰΪԼ˵Ļۡ
˼֮ʣΰ׸оԷĿЩΣգ屾ܵԱŲŲ
ȻôطôŲĿⷶΧ֮ڡ
ע⵽ˣΪΰ岻æչȥʵĶܣ
ΰ׷˸޴İۣ˿ûԼ˵ûв㲻ҪòľԱòã
Ī˵һ٣Щίһֱ
ߵʮͣΰ׷ӵĵԪ¥¡
ΰ׵ײϽĿĹԱ³֮ǰ۲һΧ
ȷǻûΰŷĵؿ³
ǰΰлҪ˵һ
ʼûпڵ˼ΰüͷ
Ծ̫Ծˡ
ı֣ԷӦŶԣôһء
ΰԽԽ֣ȥһ䣺ûʲôҪ˵𣿡
ڳС̬ص㲻ҷ𣿡
ΰϵû˵ҿñвУ
ڳϵʱҷˡ
ôһ˵ΰײʶǻȷʵ̫á
һʱ䣬ΰײθС
սԿΰǸˣԲҲӦ㡣
ԣŻָ״̬סΰᶣ·һϸס
ĩˣ⽻۸㣬һҪ˵ҪԼ֪𣿡
ΰ̾˿һλصֲ֪Ǹ׶԰Сѡ
ۿʱҪˣĿʱ֣ܳΰײòֻ֣Сܽ˵Ԫ¥
ͬʯһֱΰʧķ
Σջߣޱ˵ֱȥ˾
ΰ¥ſվŲƷˣ׼ѯȴԷһ
ΰ׵ͷǣǣ
˴͵ģղſûڼңˡ
ΰ׽ӹǸӣ鷳ˡ
صΰûȥͣȰѷƿҲһӣ˳סӡ
æ׼͵ʱˡ
ΰһţͼĿվ棬ʮֿʵʦǷȥ𣿡
⻰ΰЦһסʲôġ
ĩˣΰ׽ȫ򿪣óλá
Ӱʦ߽ǽÿɨһ飬ǻعͷʵʦҿ𣿡
ΰ׵ͷİɡ
ĿӰʦ˽ȥΰ׺
Һøղαװһ飬϶ᱻʲô
زģΰ׾ͺͽĿһˡ
ȥΰ׸սϢңӭ˶ſ˫ۣʦþò
ˣΰ׻ԥӭȥ
ǵֶԷ½ʱ
½״һĨãϻЦӯӯʵôˣһûͲʶˣ
˵ϣΰҲ˼װư͡
Ȼӵǲӵġ
ҪڵϿһĻ˻ը
ΰֺ̧½˸ƣôأֻе㾪ȶѡ
Ӧ½ΰαǴк



243 ֱ 
β¼Ƶļαΰֻ½ˡ
ģΰ׽֣ûд
Ƿֱǲݮ̨һɣ£ӰۼͶ˿ԪޣԼ½¡
ΰһ΢Цȸ˸ҽܣҺãΰףӾǶˡ
ɣϰԵһڣӭ֮áĿϣÿġ
ĩˣԪȻȻӵӭСΡ
ȥųų·ⱻһֱ۲ϡ
ÿһ֣˿Ǿͻ쳣ȣ֮ΪһĴڡ
ö֮µ̬ɱƮ
ڹ¼ƽĿ֮ǰǧΰ׸ùϵҲֻǸ˶ԷһܵЦݡ
ţһӵǧ˿Ķƾʲôȥʾá
ΰҪʶ㣬ӦùŶԡ
ΰ׾Ҳ̫Է
ԭڣΰ׳ʵ̫ɫˣαųԱҪԽ
ΰԱһվ϶ᱻԷȥġ
ΰŶӰͨһͻ˿еЦ
¹ǸͶµûš
͵ûע⵽£ΰϵĿ˼ֵ⡣
ΰ׸֪ǿȻĪĵ⡣
һʱ䣬ΰײЩƣԼｭˡ
ûǴһμ档
ΰװ˼⣬Խʱѹĵף׼ͷټ
ûã㲥һŮʾǳĺ࿪ʼƱˡ
ΰ䣬ڴ󲿶ӺһǰŲ
ʱ½Ȼðʦ佻Ұɡ
½̫̬ȣΰرڡ
λ粢ǵʿΰױӵľͱǿ
˵ģе½Ϊ
ѾˣҪ˴ڣġ
ΰ֪CPľͷжţԼý½CPɱҡС
뷨ΰæܾˣҿԼá
˵겻½ڵĻᣬΰ׾˸ûӰ
ǽӣ֪ĻΪй׷
֮Ļ˵ע⡣
ñȽϽģȫڰΰ׺½ͼֳҵϳԡ
Ȼΰײᡣ
ע⵽ǰߣΰ׾ʹߵһǰȥ½֮ľ
ΰţΪ˱ӶַˣӦྲ˰ɡ
ΰԶȥӰ½۵ױ鲼һ
벻ˣΰΪʲôɺˮһܣʾõĻᶼԸ
Ī׷ߵݶӵУ
Ҫ˶ӣ¼գ׷ȥʡ
ϧ뷨עû취жˡ
½˼òײƽеƣԴסıָ糣
Ӱʦ״ɫȫ¼˽ȥ
⣬϶ȵƬı֮һ
һ˷ɻΰҸλ¡
תһ룬Ҫ½϶չ
һ·Сʱ½ߵĻ붼ҪϢˡ
ΰվһԣ׼ȵѡλãºˡ
߽յʱ򣬿ΰû£ŵһ顣
λͶ̽Ҫչ˵ģ
뵽ݼæ߹ȥʵСΣôҸλ£
ΰ׻ش𣬵ʣǵһ˼𣿡
ΰ׳˳ǣûв˼еѡ֢
½ԣץסƼԼǾɣˡ
⻰һԹȺڵĿⶼϡ
½ֵԣֻҪڸ鷽رٶ۵ˣܿΰʾá
ԭϲΰףҪ׷Է
뵽ΰиѣһЩ߾ͽΰף뿴ô
ΰײ½¼ƽĿ˦϶ǲеġ
£ΰһλȥˣߡ
ΰ׸ղżûע⿴Ե˭
ˣΰתͷһŷ֣ԱߵλϾȻſԪޡ
λԵĴţΰ̲ס
ǲų
֪ȥɣţٲᱻᡣ
һʱ䣬ΰ׻ڵóӶˡ
ΰ״㻻ʱԺȻһͬˮ滺ܽ𣿡
ΰԣʶϵûŰ
ԪЦһΪʲôһֱҿҡ
ΰ֪ԷõļǱԷ̼ˣᡱһ̧ͷ
Ŀԣΰױšͷԭ򣬿ھһ䣺˭˵Ҳҿ㡣
ԪʧЦСƢ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬԪֵҶء
˸ʶϵûжϤΰײö˵ʲôֻܻһŶ
оЩΣΰ÷ѾذոԾͰͳһ
ţְѶ׸硣
ΰ׽ú磬Ƿʱ򣬺ܿ˯˹ȥ
Ԫ޼״ҲûΪΰĮԼΰײȤ
ΰиѵ飬Ԫ֪ġ
ⲢΰײһЩ뷨
Ҫ֪޿Ǻձġ
ܶԱмңڸף˵̸ֻѡ
οΰ׳÷ǳθڣһ۾͵ˣҪԡ
ΰԸ⣬͵ϵڱˡ
ԸĻ͵ʲôû
ʱ˯֮еΰ׻ֱ֪˶ˡ
ΰһɻѾϷĳеĻ
¼ƵһС˷ɻô˸ȥתĿ׼
ΰ˸ʵȡ䣬һߴŹǷһȥ
Ԫ֪ڵĴʱ׷ȥѯʶԷҪæ𣿡
ΰ˼룬ҡҡͷһ˾ͲˣȥĿŮԹԱɡ
⻰Ԫ˳ƿ޵ΰף̫ˡ
ΰ׻һ䡰ллˡ
ڿԪޣվԭǵԶȥӰ˸ڱصõĹ⡣
˸ΰ׵վŲҪݵע⣬ֱѡɣԵλá
Ȼɣǰ£ġ
ΰ֮ûӾͷɣʱʱ
ڣΰ̲סˣɣ²֪ڼ͵͵ʱ򣬵ץԷ
ɣ˼룬ƾŶ־飬Ѹл˱״̬
֮⣬糣ʵôˣ
ΰ򴽣ôˣһֱңʲô𣿡
ɣ»˻ԴصûУǵܺÿ࿴ۡ
˵ǣΰһš
Ϊɣ¿񣬲ֻǵͣʮʮ̽
ΰ׿ظ֪
ʶĵһ죬ҲñŶԷ˵Ͱµûˡ



244 ѡͻ 
ΰʱ䣬ھ뵽վнһСʱٲ
װûɣֹı飬ĬĬͳִϡ
һɣҲǿа
ͬΰϡ
ΰôһ˯ɣ¾Ͳòеĺѹ¡
ɣţҪһ¼աΰ׻죬ͿʶԷλеġ
Ҫ֪ǰвСͼȫϳˡ
ΰ׳úÿЩҲڵԻĵĳ̶ȡ
ɣԽԽ棬̲סֿ˿Եˡ
ΰû˯ţȻܸоǵϤĿϡ
۾֪϶ɣ͵͵
Ҫɣ¹ʾϲŮԣҪɣǲϲˡ
ô¿ʼ߾ʱʱƮ
ΰ׾ú֣̲ס˼
Ȼΰ׾һ˼û˿ͷ
£ΰֻﰲοԼ벻׾ˣʲôҪ¡
ѹĵ֮ΰ׺ܿ˯˹ȥ
֪˶ãΰԺ֮иоں֡
ΰΪԼڼͬüͷ죺ˣ
⻰һɣֱ
Σɣ»عΰϵĿھȡ
ڴ֮ǰɣһֱΪΰ׺һΰ׻Ƶһ
ΰ׸ղǸܵо֮ദκеȫһ
Ҫǽʶɣΰ׺ʣôѱеġ
鰡ʦ
ɣ󺰡
һ˵Ӱʦû˼ʶߴٵ½㣬ʦվˡ
ɣ±˸OKƣʾԼ֪ˡ
ĩˣָָΰף˵˯
ӰʦȻǾͰ¡
ɣ²̫ң㺰
Ӱʦ˼룬һţ»˵ҺҺ
⼸СʱĽӴΰǸƢԱŶԷ˯Ӧò¡
뷨Ӱʦź˼顣
˭룬ΰ׺û˯Ƶģ˿ûļ
֮£ֻΰ׵ļ򣬡ʦϽѣվˡ
ΰ۾ժʱӷ·ȫǽû˼
˺һź֪һ䣺վˣ
ӰʦͷҶ³ˣϽİɡ
ΰԣ𼱻һ·°ڵ壬ȡ䣬˳ȥ
һ˳˸վ̰ͣźõĳǰյ¼Ƶ㣬ĳ֪С塣
;Уĵ˼ΰ˸̵Ĳɷá
ΰΣ֪յ֮һͺϵشӦˡ
ǰ漸ͨΰΪĿ鲻ڿӣˡ
ĵ˵ꡰһ⡱֮󣬾˸ը
ǵ𣿡

شǡ򡰲ǡڲס
ΰڣ˵Լڲǵ϶ʧһ˿
ǲϣָԺһŶʱը
飬϶ᱻָѡ
ΰ׼˼Ƥ߻ظĿ飬¶һƤЦ˵£
ĵ֪þաĵûмΪΰףЦЦͰ鷭ƪˡ
ΰ׼״һ
ҪǽĿ߷Ǳ˵һ治֪ôشǺá
ԼСʱͣһשݳɵԺǰ档
ΰ³˿Ժռܴ󣬵ǸеĶˡ
νǡȸСȫ
ƳԺһƬأΰ׺ȻһɲԤС
Ժ󲻻Ҫȥɡ
ΰ׹ǸͿʼͷƤˡ
ס˼ΰ׿첽ߵǰʵǲǸ𣿡
˼룬ЦмЩ˼Ҹ˵ĿǵǿҪ£ոĳա
ǩԼʱⱸעһ¡
ʵ޷ܣ˳¼ơ
ΰɵˡ
ҪӰ¼ţ뿪ˡ
Ϸδ˺޳֮ˣ
ΰջǾ¼ơ
ҪعʣǴʱ򣬿˵ǵµTOP1
Σܴλᡣ
ΰ׼һЦصѲʲôܿ˷
ˡ
ܱĿ˲ˣ֪¼ƵҪԣȫѡμ¼ơ
ݼ״˲עʱ򣬵ЦЦ
֪ЩײԼġ
һƬʽʼ¼ƣαĵһѡ񷿼䡣
ԺжߵС¥ͬשƶɡ
С¥¹䡣
ֻλפαĻȷʵǹֵģһиࡣ
ϧǣÿڽĿЩפαзмαĵ
ζ䣬䵱ͷ
ΪмαһŮдмαŮα
۳䣬λפαܹѡֻĸ䡣
ɣΨһһפα˵ضξ档
ʣĸмαɾûôˡ
ôѡҪͬסһ䡣
ʶ⣬ΰסԪ޵ɫ̫ÿ
½ͿԪ¶ϲɫ
ԭڣôΰϵ
ڽĿôߣһʱ꣬˯ʱɵͷ
½˿òײſסԼеļ
½׼ëԼʱȴԪһ˵ʦҪסһ䷿ɡ
ΰ׻ûüܾ½ͼվУ
ĩˣ½ֻ𼱻ǵʦǿˣҪͱ˹סһ䷿ӦǺҲŶԡ
Ԫüͷ΢壬ûʸʦԼĽȦ
½ԣһЦ˵˹ûʣʲôԼ
ǸЦˣǧĺ꣬ʲôի
Ͳֱдˡ
ͨԪ޺˻ȥ˵һ
½С˼ˣ
Ԫ޼״½ϵĿǳ
½ҧҧŭ˻ȥ
˾
ζһӾ֮ӿ
ΰΪλˣͬżˡ
˲ע⣬ΰ׾ֱȥǰϲҺסһ𣿡
֪ΰ׿еġ˭亹ðˡ
ۿžڳһʰķչݲòվ䵱롣
һܵİ񵥣ݼᣬѡλĿԪ޺ͽ¡
⣬սԿ˵ע
ĩˣŲºͿԪסһ䣬λһһ䡣
⻰һºͿԪ޲Լͬʣƾʲô
ΪλȿԪӰ۵һ㣬ôֵͱ˹סһ䷿
û뵽ݾȻôʶȤ
ԽԽ͵ݽа壺Ȱ㻻ˣҾͲ¼ˡ
ţֻҪΰףͲλгʡ
һ˾ͻˡ
ֲûСˡ



245 в 
µȻ˳¼ơ
֮ô˵ΪҪԴ˱ȵݸı⡣
Ҫ֪Դûܹί
μգĸݲǶͿġ
뵽ᶨݣҪˣҾĲ¼ˡ
ݲΪЦЦþ˺ͽĿ߶ԽӽԼˡ
⻰һµɵˡ
Ԥ룬ӦûлңĿڲŶԡ
˭룬ݾȻӦˣ
Ϊʲôȫƣ
»عݳ֣ҪϵľˣŵæסԷĸ첲˵ݣҸղ룬Ϳסһ䷿Сѣһǿ˷ģͲ鷳ϵҵľˡ
Ԥϵ
˵䲻ģдʮˣӴĶ࣬Ҳʮ
ֲŻû꣬ûʲôߵƷ׹ġ
ǽܱ֤ԼԶᣬһֱ
콭̸ȺŮѷ۾ðˡ
飬Ԫˡ
Ԫ޵ȦˣզզģǴ΢ЦʵݣҲͽסһ䣬ܻܲѡ
˵겻ȵݿڣԪ޾ԹԵҾʦͺܲ
ԣ˳ǡ
ڿԪû飬жš
ôû뵽Ԫ޵ӾȻôʲô˶ҵϡ
Ϣͨ˶֪ΰ׿˰
ԪΪӰͶˣôϢͺһΧ
ɴ˿ɼԪ֪ʷˡ
ʶ㣬ԥܾ˿ԪޣС
Ԫû뵽ôӣЦһӾͽϡ
һԪסЦݣһ飺ȷ
ǰôһ֣ݱе㲻ˡ
Ԫףݵɫڶ̶̼׽ӡ
ֻҪеˣʱȥ
ȻԪͶ˵ǮټǰЩõӰ۴ᣬΪݲǿöԷı⡣
Ц˿ӵСƹ˾ʲôʱܺŻ½ϼűȼ磬Ұɡ
ĩˣֲһ䣺ҵﲻ½һ˵ȥ
Ԫ޵Ȼȥֲΰ
ᣬԪ޾ȰϤ㡣
Ԫ⣬ûټŵݻ䣬һԲˡ
ݼ״صءߡһ
Ԫˣûᡣ
˵Ŀ飬ݾͻصǰʾӰʦǿԼˡ
ŷ䰲οб䶯ˣΰװһ
ĵ˵µΪʰˡ
Һݻе͵ðˡ
Ƴݾȣΰ׼æס˼ר
֪첻ΰ׷ˡ
ɻ˻Сʱ·ϻʱͻСʱֲģ۵òС
ҪǵȻҪƻֱſ¡
ȵݽˣΰ׾ֱ¥
ΰûпȥֱ߽¥ݵǸ䡣
ɣ±šҪΰ׿롱뷨׼סΰ׸ڵķ䡣
ɣ׼ȥɽľľʱ½Ȼð˳ɣʦס䷿
ɣ»ûӦּԪЦɣʦҲס䷿
ܿԪ˵ʱЦŵģɣɸоѹ
ɣȫû뵽ΰ׸ڵķ侹Ȼܻӭ
һʱ䣬ɣľС
ֱµɣγѰգգ۾
û彭˵ʲôɣʶʵ˼˵һ𣿡
ƲƲ죬Щͷ˵ôѡ䣬ôѡ𣿡
⻰˵ǰ˶ˡ
ɣ¹˼Ž죬õ˵ȥֻǰ
Ԫ޺½һһǮȻ½¡
ǽ¾Ͳ˻
½ȦΪΰףлԻؼҼ̳мҵ˵Ǻ޹˼ɣȻҲһЩ
ֱǳɫָ½㡪
½Цһʲô㣿
˵겻¿ڵĻᣬ½ֵ˵ȥѧﶪۡ
ۿŻҩζŨңĿ˼æȰܣһԲϴ
½ûΪСϰߣûй͹ԱŸɡ
ǽ²һǲ˾Ҫ˷й
ºȰܵĹԱһƿҵ·һŪ𣿡
յԼϣǸԱһ
һĻڽЩҡ
תһ룬һûôôܰƳ
Ա϶ɣ
뵽ȥһţﻹǰɣҳȫ㣡
겻񫣬ҪȥˣԱæ
ݻٸָŽȻŹĿĹԱǲǣ
²ΪһԱѣʲô˵ġ
ĩˣ»дʵίͱĿﵱԱ
ŵ̬ȣ˶ˡ
ΰҲӷ߳ȥʵô£
ĿⴥزĹԱٿԱŵĽ£ΰĳһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
´ˡ
ΰ׾¼ֱ˼顣
Ϊµմϸš
˵ŹĿĹԱ˵ûع
ԵǣСѲ
ЩԱƽʱ΢ᣬ˼ңôӵĶ֪
㣬ԭ̹;Ҫˡ
ΰ뵽ڽϵĿⲻ˼
һ뵽ǶԷȡûԼ˻
ֳ̫ңݾüλαϢ
ȴý´¡
ΰ׻ص䣬뵽¼Ʋн˾˼֡
ǵǱҪʱ䣬ΰ׾ϴһʵ̫ˡ
ΰԭΪ·˯ôãӦò˯ˡ
˭룬Ĵ󴲷·ĳħܿͽΰ׵˯
ΰһ˯֪˯˷㡣
ڹԱĴߴ£ΰ׶Ÿͷ鲻Ը
˯£ΰȥԡϴһ£˳ȥ
ΰµһ¥׼ȥˮȣȴ;Ϊ˳յĽ¡
ĿԣΰһĨȡ
ǰɣ¶ˣȻ
ǶԴȨ
ʵϣǽ¾үү̣ҪһǮŵĻᡣ
Ŀ߷Żˣٸ飬ͱǲˡ
¾ȻӦˣŤͷͰѽ³һ١
Ȼ¿ͷϱʾԼȴġ
ȨԼϣŲòӦ
ţҸɽͷͰЩȫʰһ飬ȻҶһ߿Ц



246 һһ 
ͲټûӴϲȦӣﲢûо
ֻ֪ǮǸܵĴС
ţô˻Ǯ
Ϊ಻ΰ׵Ĳΰ׻ҪἸꡣ
ΰҵɽ϶ҵһǮģ
´֮󣬾Ȼͺ;öԷæɸѡһͷϵƬѡȨƵĽ
㣬Ŀָ¼ơ
ɤӣȷ񣺡ԺһͶҪԼ׼ʹӽʼɡ
ǵǸٷõĲϿĿˡ
˽ǾҪͨȡѣճ
겻񣬾ֻܳԲ˵Ĳˡ
λαƽ˵ϽʳҲñȽϾ¡
ɣ£ſҪȫɹˡ
µظũǴĵ￹ܵġ
Ȼն̨ʮҪɣֻﰲοԼ͵ˡ
˵뷨ɣ²࣬Ψΰ⡣
ΰ׹֮ǰ๦Ρ
ڵͻȻ£ΰʵ׼ģʶûжپȡ
Ǯȷʵеס
ӵر⣬ôóɣ
һҪ
Ŀƶ򣬿ǵĸʵ̫ˡ
УΪԼȡһ¡
뷨ΰ׹˵Ŀŵݣ㲻趨̫𣿡
ǱݻҪһ
ǻΰףͶ̵ˣȻܼװû
Ϊ˲Եôģһʵﲻ
ΰüָͷϸ趨Ĳԡ
һ¼գǻҰա
ڶΣĿҪ֤ǵ档ȥͶһ죬û񣬻ֻܳˮˣ㲻ûҽԺ
񲻹涨Щľ͸ġĿΪʣΪǣһɵǸûоܾȨ
ȫԼ
ԭڣС˼ȫΰ״ˣһʣġ
һʱ䣬ݲЩڡ
֪ݱղžӦðѶԷŪȥ
λڣǲΰôģҪҲˡ
˵˶ᡣ
ܣȴòֵºΰײˣͷ͸״
ǵЦݣŻشΰ⣬룬趨ȷʵ̫
ΰ׿ڣֵһ£ٸǴ𰸺ðɡ
ΰ׵ҲûбŽĿĵ˼͵˵ͷС
ݣ׼ʳľڳ
ΰûǰΧתЩڳоƷ
˵˴ϵᣬҳûġ
Ȼ˿ɾûôˡ
½ǸŽ׳ĸүƽνǡַſڡʮĴָ
Ԫ޺ͽ²࣬Ǹĸǧٳġ
˵ˣȲ˶ûô
ɣµ΢õ㣬ҲܰѲĳ̶ȡ
½ΰǰ֣;첲ӧû׼ɡ
ΰף˶û
ǲиԸȻûвӦĵ
ż˷ǳӣΰ׵ߵĻȻ˵ˡ
ˣǳԵ½ķˣ֪ˡ
½˽⣬λǰѲȫ춼Ѷȡ
뵽ΰһȥ͵͵һʳķŵλãʡȫ½ˡ
½˳ǡΰҪߣæ첲סԷ
ʵ񣬻һԭ˺ΰ׶Ӵ
Ŀԣ½ǣЦʦܽҼҳ𣿡
ΰܾƳӰģ־þܾ̫ãʹӦˣаɣʲôѧĲ𣿡
½׼㣬ףɽҩŹ
ΰԣ򿪱ɨһۡ
½ʳ涼֮ΰŴӦ
ȷ˲ʽΰߣӣ׼ִʳġ
˭룬˵ʱ½һȥ˵ʦ˵ٷԱָҾͺˣö֡
ΰ˼룬λø½аɣȰʳĴٽҹ
½ȻԸ⣬ʦͲ𣿡
ΰû뵽½ƤȻ񣬲Щ
˼룬ΰſڣ˼۳Ͷ٣еˣȥϢ
ΰװѻ˵ϣ½ҲöԷڳ
½ΰ˳ȥ
ʯӣӰʦ쳣
⣬ֻǸ㣬µĽˣ
ΰ׳оԼ˦½鹷Ƥҩһ
һ뵽ȻҪȥոպ˵ֱˡ
ΰڿ˼ӣϸհŪã¥ˮȵĿԪޡ
˶һۣΰ׸о̫ԾͰͷ׼ˢ΢ʱ䡣
˭룬ԪͻȻߵλãʦʲôȤ𣿡
ֱΰףԪĲ̫Ͳ̫Է
ȻһӰԱ߼ţֲõô˵˦
£ΰֻܷ£ûС
Ԫд˲ţôܻûУ
ΰ̧ͷʼһغ˵˵ⲻǺûµʱϲ
˵겻Ԫ޿ڵĻᣬΰֲһ䣺ƽʱѾˣʵûȥչá
Ԫޱ˻ᣬȡһЩõϢܡ֢/ҩΰ׵ĺøжȡ
û뵽ΰ׾Ȼƣ˵Լûаá
ôˢøУ
Ԫɵˣڸ鷽һĸо
ȥЩˣĸʩСƾֵ
ΰֱǡʦδ
ò˵ΰ׵ķʵ̫ǿˡ
Ȼǲ׷ġ
Ѿܾûмˡ
Ԫ޳˼֮ʣΰԱŲһλã֮ľ
ţΰֽͳѸԼװӡ
ΰ룬ǲģɴȥ棬װԺͷ羰
ôû뵽ǣԪ޺ܿ׷ųˡ
Ԫ鹷Ƥҩ½Ѳΰ׾ˮ㵽һȥ
뷨ΰ½ղҽˣʳĹƴòˣҲùȥˣҪҪȥ
ԪԣŻһ䣺ð
Ϊ˿סĵӿĿϲԪ޲֪߬˶ٴȭͷ
߽½ʶͷ
ĿⴥԪ½ЦһӾͽסˡ
ͬˬĻпԪޡ
Ҫΰ



247  
ʱƣ￪ʼӿ
ΰ׼װʲôû֣ȥԹһ䣺½Ҫʼ𣿡
½ԣĿӿԪŲһĸղޱӣЦصʳĴòˡ
ΰ׸ղ˵Լˣ½ΪѯʶԷϢ𣿡
ΰ׵ͷˡ
£ΰߣӣʼɡ
Ƴ½ûΰ̲סƲƲ죬Щʵһʲô
½룬ЩŻصɣȴӼ򵥵Ŀʼ
һĻڿԪֱӿڳ½һΪⷽжأ˭뾹ȻǸ֡
˵겻½ڵĻᣬԪֵ֪Ŀû׼θҩ
ҪǳԻӣһȥҽԺ϶Ҫҹͷˡ
硭㻹ʦԼɡ
Ͼʳ˷Ѳá
һ£½ʮ
Ԫ䳰ȷˡ
½ʿˮתͷΰͶȥȵĿ⣬ʦҡ
о½Ҫѵӽΰ׼æڴ϶ԷĻ½㻰˵ȥˣǲҪ;ϱȽϺá
Ϊ˷ֹ½˦ΰٴող˵Ҫ𣿿ʼɡ
½ԣֻӲͷƤˡ
ΰ׼״һ
ҺáѼϼܡսɹˣ¾Ҫֵˡ
˵ΰ׼Ҫʵ
Ϊ̫óԣᱻαϡ
ɲڳﵱʦ
Ҫ֪ԴϣûԷη
Ҫټ½¼ƽĿǸ̳ӿ϶Ҫַը
ΰ׹Ǹ棬ͿʼоͷƤˡ
˼ʱ½̨ʹá
£̨ͳȫͬҪջġ
½δ̨֮һãȻ
Ƴΰڷ½ֶԷ˲ŵʦ̨ôð
ΰ׵ͷɨһ̨ջͿ
½ЩᣬҪջҪˣû취һĶá
ʵϣ˶Ǻ˵Ӹջ
ȻиСС˽ģΰʱһ㡣
ֻҪΰ׸ջͿԺͶԷеĲΪֹ
ΰ׻ӣȻó½ǵС˼
Ȼپܾ½ĻȵĿ϶Ҫ˵ʲôġ
ΰûа취ֻҶҪˣ˳ոɡ
ĿĴɣ½˵۾
Ҫǹ˼ΰף½뵱ˡ
˿½ò׿סԼ飬װصллʦ
ΰײ̫ˣϼһЦݣÿ
ĿԣΰѸٶ̨ǰһ߽֦۳Сһ˵½㿴ʲôʳҪģŻûʱϽˡ
½Ӧá
ΰײע⣬½˦һƵԪޡ
ͬΪ׷ߣԪ޿ν붮
½˸߲вȥˣԪޱšԼҲҪӦԷ뷨ɤӿڣʦջ½ҾͺˣȥŰɣ̴󡣡
ΰ˼룬һĨȣ㲻ںҿЦɣ
Ԫ޹ǣôأ
ΰװͲ½Զ㣬Ȼܾ顣
Ϊ½ֹΰڶԷ֮ǰ
ȥ֮ǰΰͷһڽĿ¶еЦݣǸˡ
ΰ׷˿һ̶˸ûӰ
ȫ̲ӵʱ䣬ٶȿ쵽½ֹ
½ֲ׷ȥֻΰʧԼ߷Χ
һ½ջߣųвˡ
Ԫ޾ò񫣬һ̼½ʦܵñӻ죬ǰ㵱ɺˮˡ
½²˵عͷһˬûˢɣô
Ԫ׼ȥʱȴӰʦȣǸλʦȱ𳳼ˣǻ¼ŽĿ
˼룬ӰʦЧѣֻܼȰҪһ¼ƣԺΪԺΪ󡣡
½ԣ֪ٺͿԪ޳ȥ̫ӣûٴԷвȥˡ
Ԫޱ˵䣬ǵ¼ŽĿͰѵߵĻʻȥ
ˣԺǣһء
½ʳģȥѰΰס
Ԫ޲󣬷ӦҲ׷˳ȥ
͵ΰ׸ˮ׼ȵˮɤӵʱƼ˽ŲҴ
˵ģڵӣ֪ĻΪء
ΰԽԽģˮˣ±ǿڡ
½֪١ĵƾ΢ȿ˿ڣʦҰʳĴˣָ˰ɡ
ΰסšһ½ųȥ
ڿԪޣΰ鲻ѣóȻڻöԷķֻĬĬڶԷ档
˽˳ֻʣɣһˡ
ɣ¸ģȡ棬ſơ
ƽɣϲԹˡ
һеϷ룬ֱܵòС
ԣ׼ȷ˵һа
ǧ֮⻹иܣ
ɣƴҧ촽סԼеĳ嶯
ʱոսһæµĹ׼°ࡣ
뵽ΰ׳ȥ¼գڻؼȫûڴ
ؼ;УΪ̫ΰף;ȥΰ׵ͦõġ
ϧֻ룬û취ʵ
Ҳ֪ǸСûĵʲôû
ΰû룬ûģڽͷö״̬
Դָ½һ̿ʼΰ׾͸оҪϢˡ
½һС磬˵ָʵ˵ʲôû˾ǰʳһԶȥȻԵķʽŵϡ
ɹһˣΰҪϽ*ĵһĻɴ˵ˣʣǼɡ
ȥ֪ʲôʱܳϡ
ʵԲϷҲ̣½̫ͷˣỹҪš
½֪ԼˣҪջɡ
ԪԣæվջҵĻ
ۿҪܣΰ׳һ䣺Ҫͳȥﷳˡ
ĩˣΰתѯԼӰʦҸջɡ
ӰʦͷͳֻȺ﷢Ϣ
½ͿԪޣ֪ԼΰŭˣҲüڳš
ղŻ޲ѶԷ˺ˣĬһ뿪˳
ΰ׼״Ӱäһۡ
Ҫ¼ƽĿѪͷ
û½bugϺȣΰ൱Ѹ١
Сʱΰ׾ͽϵΧȹ߳˵ԳԷˣ˰Ҷ˲ˡ
½ͿԪԣָƵ
ɣ¶ˣԳ˻˲ˡ



248 ɷڿ 
ΰ̨ǰæµӰʹɣ̲סпǺø
ҪлᣬԺҲҸôͻݵġ
ɣ¸п󣬱ס˼˽ȥ
ΰŲʶͷȥ
ĿⴥɣµΰһĨȡ
Ϊ½߿ԪűԼΰʶΪеһ
˭룬˾Ȼһֱ䵱ԹȺڵɣ¡
ΰĿеľ̫ԣɣҪԶУԼѯʣʦһֱңʲô𣿡
ɣôһʣΰײŷԼ̫ʧˣæŲ߻صûС
Ϊ˻⵱գΰ׶˾ߡ
ɣ¼״ҲŶԷɻȥˡ
һǰһ߳ζܿͿÿռ
ƵĿԪ޺½ŵζԼͬתͷȥѰζԴ
һϡ
ʶΰ극ˣ½ûٴԪޣҪĻᣬǰúñһѡ
뷨½
棬½ΰ׸ղŭɶģ˼ͷʦʲôҪҰæ𣿡
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼﵹæҾллˡ
⻰Ҫǻɱ˵½϶ᵱ
Ƿΰϣ½ֻøԷ鷳ˡ
Ϊģ츳ʵ̫Ӳòΰס
뵽½ΰϵĿǸ⣬ʦ̫鷳ˣԲ𡣡
˵ϣΰҲټ
ղʱ½ķ˿Ҫ˺
ΰ׼Цһ䣺ûϵ
ĩˣͶɽҩŹ˳ȥ
½ԼˣѾûлԸɣƨһ׷ΰˡ
ΰĶûͷ֪½ˡ
뵽½ѣҪʱʱԼǰˢڸУΰĵ̫Ѩͻͻֱ
Ҫǳϲԣΰ½Ǽ˼
Ѳ̤
뷨һðΰ̲סüͷ
ʵ˵ںĸ飬һȤûС
ΰãȫ綼Ҳİˡ
ԽͲ˵ˣҪǶܺá
ֱǰˤˡ
ΰ׹ţϲΪ̶ֳȡ
ȻеǸˡ
ʱ½ΰע⵽Է˼Щ档
սԿʵʦʲôأ
ΰ׻عڸס˼糣صûʲô
½ɵӣȻóΰڷ
ֲܶΰװɫֻĬĬš
صΰ˸λ£׼Է
ɨһ棬Ȼû˵װ÷ˡ
ΰ˿òײſס˵ĳ嶯ʵҶˣǾͲܽȥһ𣿡
⻰һ˷׷ױɫ
ɣǲ˼Ԫ޺½Ρ
±Ƚ⣬û˿ΣһǺûƾʲôɫ
ΰԣһЦôб±ķ
ƢͲãٱΰôһ̼ŭ˵ԾͲԡ
£ܴ˶¥صԼķ䣬صعš
һ룬顪һ
ΰÿԺӲϾɡ
ȻڣŹƾҪˤˡ
ΰջߣһ̧۾ͺ½˼롣
½ղŽ˳ȴǿֵģΰ̲ס˶Էһۡ
½ʶΰײˬԭ򣬼æŶԷֺõЦݡ
Ȼΰײ½ס
ΰ׼װûųȥ
½״æסΰףʦȥˣæôãЪɡ
ӧΰֵɾûоܾ
ΰ׻صԼλ£˼ȴƮ
øѣ½Ӧòٸ˰ɡ
뷨ոðʹ
Լ׼ΰ׶½ˤ²⣬֮С
ΰ̾˿߽ʵô£
½ԣ·Сʦѧ۾飬ûûô
𰸣ΰһҲš
ڵϵĴƬɨۣΰֱˡ
ΰײ˵½㷲̲סŵ̽ʦ㻹ðɣ
⻰ΰ׳˳ǣʱû¡
Ϊ˱ưٱ½ΰѡ
˼˵ΰһһװ÷̨ϡ
ţΰ׳溰˷
ɣºͿԪԣѸ߽
ԹΰװյҪڿ˸Сɷãġ
ڵݵ£αȫԼķ䣬ֻΰһˡ
ΰֵ徻Ȼ顣
ܿ죬ĵݾΰ׶棬ʼɷãʦʲôܣ
ΰˣϻü΢Цͦá
ĵΪΰ׻˻²ۣû뵽ԷȻסˡ
һʱ䣬ĵݾ
һعּʵλαΣ
ΰüͷڸڿ𣿡
ĵû뵽ΰ׻ôֱӣϵЦ˲佩סˣûûС
ΰײˣĵݼæͣǲģ ֻ뵥˽һ뷨
ΰҪǸսȦˣ˸ĵݵĻ
ӣѾȦȻԷ˵ʲôʲô
ԵĸƤò
¸ĵô˵ˣΰѡر⡣
ۿΰ׾Ͳѡ鲻ˬĸдϣݲòֹ⡣
ЦͶְֵ̰ļ⡣
Ҫΰȥ״ǱٸˣҲʵͶˡ
ɷȡ֮ΰ׾ΪɣʾԼҪȥϢˡ
ΰ˵ˣȻ
ʵϣϰ˵࣬ûΰƽϢʱ䡣
ΰ׻ص䣬ĵһëѷͷϡ
ţΰ߽ԡϴ˸ˮ衣
ϴȥһƣ֮ΰڴ׼Ƶ绰
һ绰ȥȻûнӡ
ΰ׾ֳ֣һ顣
Ȼûдͨ
£ΰ̲סֹǱץ𣿡
ʵϣֻϴѡ
ϴֻüδӵ绰ȫΰ׵ʱ˲ˡ
ع˵绰ȥ
ΰ׼ϷѾƥˣͲȷϡ
˭룬ʱ绰ˡ
ΰе㲻ˣѡ˳ϷͨƵ绰
һ룬ͨͷĿԡ
ΰȷʣղŸȥˣ
˵겻ڣΰԹԵ棿
ԣԩڣҸովϴѣɱˮ



249 Ƶ绰 
Ԫȫû뵽ΰ׾ȻĻš
Ԥ뷨ΰ׾㲻һԾޣֻİߡ
˭룬ΰ˾ǣֱӿ
ǿԪʲҲΰŵͫһ
ֱڣԪ޲ŷԼΰ׵ƫ̫ˡ
ΰˮСãڰϻ
ϧԪʶʱѾˡ
ΰһɤڼžҹƽһס
ΰ׳ʲô£򿪷ų˳ȥ
Ŀⴥվΰ׷ĿԪޣһɲԤС
Ԫ޲Ƕΰף׼ҹ˾ʱ򣬶ΰӲϹɣ
ĳ²⣬֮ǰҪչ˺ΰףŵ亹ˡ
뵽滹ܲȣݲԼû˯
Ҫ˯ˣûΰ׵ĺȣԪ޸㲻þҪɹˡ
ݹǸ棬̲ס˸¡
ΰ׵ı̶ȣһ׷֪жֲ
Ϊ˱ݼæȥֿˣΰǰʵԪޣķϣҺһ䣬Щ˲붯ܶģϽѲе˼ˡ
ԪԣΪЦЦݣȰ㲻Ҫ¡
׼ڣƳ½һסΰ׵ĸ첲ʵʦû°ɣ
о½ڵǽ룬ΰ׵ĵִͱƽʱ˺ܶࡣɫԼĸ첲ΰ糣һ䣺û£ûüʲô
½֪ΰױȽҪ棬˵ʼձŻ̬ȡ
£½ʶԷ
½ɤӣһ߹۲ΰɫһʵģ
ΰԣЩЦûصȻģ鷳ԲĶһա
ΰײѣ½ɤ۵ŷŻԭ
Ϊղ̫ΰףһֱڷ١
˼ȶ
½֮ĵһ飬ȥˡ
ƳԪվʮ⣬˿ûкµ½һ
һ֮£ԪȭͷſԪ޻ȥ
ԪûԼпܻᰤᣬԴ˿˵ûκηȻͷӦ
ֱ½һȭŻع
Ԫסŭּ֮żֲ˼飬½ǲǷˣ
½һЦû裬ľ
˵겻Ԫ޿ڵĻᣬ½ֵʲô˶ҵǣǳıӵˡ
ԪŭĿԲΰܸСˣȦЩΪԴʲô˵жƵġ
˵䲻ģˣʲôҲǡ
ֻ򹷣Żøɾ
Ըһᣬǿ
û뵽ǵøŮƵģ̫ɨˡ
Ԫ˵꣬ЦԼĲм
Ĳȫй֮󣬿Ԫ޾ʹط˯ˡ
ת첲ͱһקס
Ԫ޻ͷһקΰף۾һĨȡ
ܿ죬ĨȾͱȻ
ԭΰǡܹݡһס
ԪΪˣͣ½Ų׼ΰôԲ
˭룬Ԥеûţˡ
ΰһȭʱ򣬿Ԫɵġ
عԪŭɶʵ½½ҴҾˣһƨɵСԱƾʲôң
ΰײ־ԣȫ°˼ˣתͷ˵Ҳ⣬ǿԪ̫ˣ¼ƵһӲҵķ䡣
һ¼ƣҵİȫòϡ
ҲΪ㣬Ҫ֤Լȫ
Խ¼ƣûûԼŰɡ
ΰ˵꣬òòⲹʱ䲻ˣϢ
½˾䡰ٰοΰ׼䣬ԷѸ˻ط棬Ѹٹ˷š
뵽ΰ׸ո˾ţ½˵Ҳû
λ˶뿪ˣݺ½һۣҲ˸Եķ䡣
ò˵ΰҪͷۡ
Ԫ޲ͬһԱȦλͦߵġ
ǰЩ꣬ԪƾżʵĵӰһҷۡ
óȻͿԪ޽ԼĿ϶Է˿ַ
뵽ݳó̾˿
Ȼΰ׻˵ˣ϶Ū¾С
Ҫΰײˣͷͺ״Ŀ鶼ҪԲ˶ߡ
ԽԽоʣ޼ͷֵ˼
ںü˵һҹǸҹ
ΰ̬ͦá
ص䣬ΰһɣܿ˯˹ȥ
գΰͬӵٻ
Ǽ£ΰ׵Ͳ̫
ΰᶨܰѿԪŪߣ˳֮á¼ơ
뷨ΰ׼ϴ󣬾һ¥׼һ߳һߵſϷ
ŵҵʮʱ䣬Ӧú
ͣΰ׼ԣα½½¥ˡ
ΰ׺Ǵкͷ档
Ԫ޷·ҹ·ͬûһΰ׶棬үƵĵȴ͡
ʮӹȥԪ޷û˴Լ˼ֲ
Ϊע⣬Ԫ޹
һԪ޷ֻиӰʦʲôˣĲֶ˼֡
ǿԪתͷֱӳų򺰵ʲôʱܺãҿҪˡ
ʱ½ɣѾñ˴˵͡
һǰһ߳ͼԪ޸үƵűź
½Ϊ½ҵĴүСûɹź˵ĻȻ۰Ͱʹչȥ
ɣ£ͿԪ֮ûҲָԷܰʲôͼװʲôû
֮󣬿Ԫ޷ûԼͣһˬʣҵأ
½Ц˵泰ΪҰ¼ƽĿҪԼġ
Ԫޣ㡪
ʲô㣿½ضϿԪ޵Ļ
˵ȥ
Ҳǣܶܶʲô
ۿ֮ĻҩζԽԽŨݲòվˣ˵ɣʲô³Թۡ
ΰ֪⻰˵ԼģͰһԣȴҰͳꡣ
ڿԪޣе֮ˡ
Լ˰Сʱڳ˳˿Ԫ֮⣬Ѿˡ
ΰ׼״ɫʵݣ˵Щ㿼ǵôˣ
ݱš˭ԭһеİ취ԺǷֿ¼ƣһһڣô
ΰüĴ𰸣
Ԫ޽ʵʲô˼
˶⣬аһ⡱
ˣ㲻˶õ
һᣬݾһΡ
ΰ׿ͦ˵Է˵׼Ѵ
뷨ݳΰֵһ¡



250 ľ 
Ԫȫû뵽ΰ׾ȻĻš
Ԥ뷨ΰ׾㲻һԾޣֻİߡ
˭룬ΰ˾ǣֱӿ
ǿԪʲҲΰŵͫһ
ֱڣԪ޲ŷԼΰ׵ƫ̫ˡ
ΰˮСãڰϻ
ϧԪʶʱѾˡ
ΰһɤڼžҹƽһס
ΰ׳ʲô£򿪷ų˳ȥ
Ŀⴥվΰ׷ĿԪޣһɲԤС
Ԫ޲Ƕΰף׼ҹ˾ʱ򣬶ΰӲϹɣ
ĳ²⣬֮ǰҪչ˺ΰףŵ亹ˡ
뵽滹ܲȣݲԼû˯
Ҫ˯ˣûΰ׵ĺȣԪ޸㲻þҪɹˡ
ݹǸ棬̲ס˸¡
ΰ׵ı̶ȣһ׷֪жֲ
Ϊ˱ݼæȥֿˣΰǰʵԪޣķϣҺһ䣬Щ˲붯ܶģϽѲе˼ˡ
ԪԣΪЦЦݣȰ㲻Ҫ¡
׼ڣƳ½һסΰ׵ĸ첲ʵʦû°ɣ
о½ڵǽ룬ΰ׵ĵִͱƽʱ˺ܶࡣɫԼĸ첲ΰ糣һ䣺û£ûüʲô
½֪ΰױȽҪ棬˵ʼձŻ̬ȡ
£½ʶԷ
½ɤӣһ߹۲ΰɫһʵģ
ΰԣЩЦûصȻģ鷳ԲĶһա
ΰײѣ½ɤ۵ŷŻԭ
Ϊղ̫ΰףһֱڷ١
˼ȶ
½֮ĵһ飬ȥˡ
ƳԪվʮ⣬˿ûкµ½һ
һ֮£ԪȭͷſԪ޻ȥ
ԪûԼпܻᰤᣬԴ˿˵ûκηȻͷӦ
ֱ½һȭŻع
Ԫסŭּ֮żֲ˼飬½ǲǷˣ
½һЦû裬ľ
˵겻Ԫ޿ڵĻᣬ½ֵʲô˶ҵǣǳıӵˡ
ԪŭĿԲΰܸСˣȦЩΪԴʲô˵жƵġ
˵䲻ģˣʲôҲǡ
ֻ򹷣Żøɾ
Ըһᣬǿ
û뵽ǵøŮƵģ̫ɨˡ
Ԫ˵꣬ЦԼĲм
Ĳȫй֮󣬿Ԫ޾ʹط˯ˡ
ת첲ͱһקס
Ԫ޻ͷһקΰף۾һĨȡ
ܿ죬ĨȾͱȻ
ԭΰǡܹݡһס
ԪΪˣͣ½Ų׼ΰôԲ
˭룬Ԥеûţˡ
ΰһȭʱ򣬿Ԫɵġ
عԪŭɶʵ½½ҴҾˣһƨɵСԱƾʲôң
ΰײ־ԣȫ°˼ˣתͷ˵Ҳ⣬ǿԪ̫ˣ¼ƵһӲҵķ䡣
һ¼ƣҵİȫòϡ
ҲΪ㣬Ҫ֤Լȫ
¼ƣûңûԼɡ
ΰ̨ǰæµӰʹɣ̲סпǺø
ҪлᣬԺҲҸôͻݵġ
ɣ¸п󣬱ס˼˽ȥ
ΰŲʶͷȥ
ĿⴥɣµΰһĨȡ
Ϊ½߿ԪűԼΰʶΪеһ
˭룬˾Ȼһֱ䵱ԹȺڵɣ¡
ΰĿеľ̫ԣɣҪԶУԼѯʣʦһֱңʲô𣿡
ɣôһʣΰײŷԼ̫ʧˣæŲ߻صûС
Ϊ˻⵱գΰ׶˾ߡ
ɣ¼״ҲŶԷɻȥˡ
һǰһ߳ζܿͿÿռ
ƵĿԪ޺½ŵζԼͬתͷȥѰζԴ
һϡ
ʶΰ극ˣ½ûٴԪޣҪĻᣬǰúñһѡ
뷨½
棬½ΰ׸ղŭɶģ˼ͷʦʲôҪҰæ𣿡
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼﵹæҾллˡ
⻰Ҫǻɱ˵½϶ᵱ
Ƿΰϣ½ֻøԷ鷳ˡ
Ϊģ츳ʵ̫Ӳòΰס
뵽½ΰϵĿǸ⣬ʦ̫鷳ˣԲ𡣡
˵ϣΰҲټ
ղʱ½ķ˿Ҫ˺
ΰ׼Цһ䣺ûϵ
ĩˣͶɽҩŹ˳ȥ
½ԼˣѾûлԸɣƨһ׷ΰˡ
ΰĶûͷ֪½ˡ
뵽½ѣҪʱʱԼǰˢڸУΰĵ̫Ѩͻͻֱ
Ҫǳϲԣΰ½Ǽ˼
Ѳ̤
뷨һðΰ̲סüͷ
ʵ˵ںĸ飬һȤûС
ΰãȫ綼Ҳİˡ
ԽͲ˵ˣҪǶܺá
ֱǰˤˡ
ΰ׹ţϲΪ̶ֳȡ
ȻеǸˡ
ʱ½ΰע⵽Է˼Щ档
սԿʵʦʲôأ
ΰ׻عڸס˼糣صûʲô
½ɵӣȻóΰڷ
ֲܶΰװɫֻĬĬš
صΰ˸λ£׼Է
ɨһ棬Ȼû˵װ÷ˡ
ΰ˿òײſס˵ĳ嶯ʵҶˣǾͲܽȥһ𣿡
⻰һ˷׷ױɫ
ɣǲ˼Ԫ޺½Ρ
±Ƚ⣬û˿ΣһǺûƾʲôɫ
ΰԣһЦôб±ķ
ƢͲãٱΰôһ̼ŭ˵ԾͲԡ
£ܴ˶¥صԼķ䣬صعš
һ룬顪һ



251 Ȱ˵ 
ΰ׺浼ڴʲộŶԷߵ档
һǰһߣͣٽſڵλá
ڿ֮ǰ۲һΧ
ȷûеڣսԿ˵СΣҺ¡
ΰԣݵԴŵı飬ƲԷе´ʺͿԪйء
͵˵ζҪһΰ׾öԷνʮа˾á
Իһա
ΰð²⣬ڵϵĿ˼ֺ⡣
ȻӶ˵ΰòûע⵽ΰ׵仯
һΰ׵ȵòͷˣȿʵݣҾҪʲô£
̧۾ΰ׶˼ӣЩȻصǡܸܲһǸֿ¼Ƶ顣
ĩˣ͵Ԫ޲һԱûкô
ΰüͷԼĲȫֳѡ񣿡
ݴʮˣټϵһ֮áƽﶼǱŵġ
ͻȻΰһСʣݲЩŭ
ƣ˵ʱɴЩŭ⣬ΰףԺҪӰȦչȰǵ˴ˡ
ΰ˫ֱۣЦʵҲأ
˵겻ݿڵĻᣬΰмˣҲĵӰҲô
ۿžûãֻܿͶ˺ܶǮģѾôѿٺǮ𣿡
⻰һΰֱЦˡ
ûڣݾȻһ¡
ΰ˿ûסԼ˸޴İۡ
ݼ״ɫѿˡ
ΰ׼װûпԹԵ֪飬˭ˣ
ȵݿڣΰ˵һ䣺ͶǮ⡣
꣬ѿڶôܣ
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼĲм㻹ûи֮ԻעʣΪڡ
Ҳǳפα񶼲ǡ
㲻Ϊ֮áܺЩĿȰɡ
˵䲻ģܸľЧ棬ëëѣԼ̫Ҫˡ
Щڵݶ
ǱϵƬˣ˵ҪעʵʱΪһ̫ע⵽ˡ
˭룬ǿΰ׵ķϲעʵġ
ò˵̫пˡ
ǵʲڶЩӦ
ΰҪսپûĻᣬֱӿöԷعٸһλᣬҪǼ֮ǰѡҾ˳Ŀˡ
ʿˮӲͷƤصΰף㲻Ҫѧ˳¼вңûá
ΰüЦЦ˵źˣǲв㡣
仰ΰûٴݣת߻档
˿½˫ǵ۾ΰ׳ŶԷЦЦʾԼû¡
ĩˣΰջߣŲҴ˶¥
صķ䣬ΰ׸˺贴һͨ绰͸ղŵȫ֪Է
֮վǸˣ͹ȥ㣬ָ
ΰԣæ责𼤶Լȥͺˡ
붼û;ܾˣУԵǷ˴һ
ΰ룬ȷʵҲ
ʹӦˡ
ţΰָ˵绰
ûڵһʱӵԼСڵĵ绰ھȥ䶼ֻ
ΰûоõȣӡ
ԼǼΪԼˣΰױֻеֱݱǻί
һôʱ䣬ΰһ飬ʹ֪ôˡ
ΰױ˱һ룬ʵĸ۵۸ˣ
ΰ׻ܿƣ⻰֮˲ˣԪޡ
оЩ졣
ϸϸһûԷļ䡣
£ֻʵԪ˭
ΰףǡ֮áһפα
ҵţҷչĵĹϵ
ҲԸ⣬вң˵һеûġ
ҰѵݺһǸһֿ¼ƾͺˡҲԸ⣬ݻвҡ˵ҪΪҰѾֵ̫Ӱ쵽գͶʵǮò֮ġ
ֱղ˵Ҫ˳¼ƣݶΪвѡ
֪ȥڳƹס
ķΰףӲ
˿Žѹ£糣ʵڹȥòã
ΰҡҡͷ贽˵ңڼҵҰɡ
䲻ͬôҪ飬ӦȺ˵Ŷԡ
ĩˣŵ˵һȥˣȥ㡣
ΰ򴽣Щᣬⲻ̫ðɡ
оϷæӹ˵ܺã贻ˣһ¡Ҫȥ㣬һ·ϳʲô飬϶ⲻȥ
ΰֱɵˣ˺һգգ۾贽㾹Ȼˣ
šһûȷʵˡ
˵겻ΰ׾ܾĻᣬ԰ŵϵùȥˣʡ÷⡣
ΰСƵĵͷȷʵովͺܼ
ҪǼ˽Ŀˣ㲻û
˵ǰ¶Σգڹ˾Թ̥ɡ
Щ˹ҲŵùǺ
ȥΰףȷ϶Է鲻ãû֮͹Ҷϵ绰ٶȽĹȥ
ڴڼ䣬ᰣһ˾ʱĻƱ
ٰźùͻ𼱻ǳ˳ǰ
ʱÿԹǻ
˷ɻΪΰףûͬһĿ
ȫСʱֻǾš
оͶҪȥʱ򣬶Ĺ㲥ʾ
ʮӹ󣬷ɻɹ䡣
Ȳ˳ȥ
˻ᰰźõѾڳڴš
ϳ˾ΰ׸λϢȥ
ʱΰڷˢ΢
ΪûаڷųԲҪôʰ
Ŀ˿һֱûţΪֻƢû
ⲻ֪ΰֻǵ
ˢһ΢ΰ׸оûйϿԳԣԴϷ
ò˵ϷԺܿĥʱ䡣
ΰûвʱһСʱȥˡ
Ҳִ¼Ƶص㡣
ΰ״Ϸˣڴ˯
ǵܿ쵽ˣΰⶩһСʱ֮ӣȻͱ۾硣
ܿ죬Сʱȥ
һ̣ΰסһ鲻Ը۾
ΰ۾׼ѯ˵ʱȻ



252  
ΰΪǽĿˣ˹ȥ
һ򿪣ΰ׾ֱֱֱϴЩǵ
ֱΰγѰգգ۾
ûݣΰЩ˼ʵղ˵ʲô
ΰ׻˼񣬾״̬Եӣһ㣬ʰ𣿡
ΰ׵ͷʰˡ
ĩˣΰ˵һ䣺ʵûʲôҪʰģոס¡
߽䣬ˣһһ˵ȻǾ߰ɡ
ΰع׷ǰˡ
Լڼʹ˵ԵʣΰײöԷʲôԡ
һĻУ𺳳̶Ȳƽһס
½˷׷ɵۡ
Ϊΰ׺¹ϵˡ
ԿԪΪء
޼ɵвΰףһΪΰײĽ˿ȸͶʵĲҵ󲿷ֶں⣬ĶΰôҪʰ÷һ
ЩǮ˵˽⣬ʱǵĹ൱ġ
㲻ҲΪһֻ˿ȸ˷ʱ䡣
һǹڵͶѡ
û뵽ȫơ
ΰǿп޵Ľ˿ȸļ⡣
ʶ㣬Ԫ޵ð亹
Ҳûõȥ
ĳ߶
˭룬龹Ȼ
֪ΰף簴նԷ˼ɴͿԪ޽Լˡ
Ԫ޷˿£ΰǱ߿϶ƽ
ԽԽڣ޲ϳȥǸ
ϧûü뷨жһˣԪλ
ɫӣÿԪ޲оʮֲ
Ȼ·Ѿˡ
ܻ֨˵ġ
ȻɴϺˡ
뷨ԪӲͷƤվǣʲô𣿡
ǵ˶ӣִ˶ΰ׵̫ãֻÿסͷŭָ˵һ䣺Ҿ㣬ںӱвʪЬ
ܶ๤Ա֪ʲôԹ϶Բס
ʱڳ˵Ƕ֮
Ԫ֪ھоѹͬˮû
£Ԫŵ˸¡
Ƭ̣Ԫ˿ŬһЦݣͶԷǸ
ûڣΰˡ
ݼ״æ׷ȥܣȱ߰
ʾ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôԷڵĻᣬȱԼ̬ȣԴΰףͶʲҪˡ
ܵѾñʵ׼Ϣʱ
˿һ΢Цʵܣ¾Ͳ𣿡
ԣڵϵĿ˼ֱ䣬ûǴΰ׸ǻᡣ
⻰һݾ֪ΰȥ״ˡ
Ȼΰ״úҲöԷô
֮ʣΰ׾˷ʱڳƤϲֵãˡ
½ΰ˵֪ڲǺʱֻýЩߵĻʻض
ˣΰ˳֮áҲû˼
ʰԷһص۶ˡ
뷨½Ŀΰ֮󣬾¥ʰȥˡ
Ϊʽգûע⵽½ߵ쳣֮
½Ķ࣬͸װˡ
ʰ½̧һʱ䡣
ΰߵʱŹȥʮӣ˵ͬһࡣ
뵽½𼱻¥
ʶ˹ȥ
Ŀⴥ½䣬һ˼ʵʲô˼
½ԣΪصҲ˳¼ƣɡ
½½ңݲ˵Щֵ̫ĻֻǱһ䣺嶯
½ü쳣ᶨ˵ûг嶯
½ҪߣһֶѣҲٶ˵ʲô
ЩۺӰ
ԺĿһҪΧڱЩۺ˺
͸ɽƵġ
һߣΰĴϺͶԷ졣
ͻȻֵĻ棬ΰֱڻЩĶ̲סпղرҵĸӢۡ
ԣ˷·ǹ˵òС
ϻǿװ򶨵ˣͻȻ𡣡
ΰ׳ӣֱʵ˼ƽ첻£
оæĿڣȻǡҵ˼ǣ𰡡
ΰƲƲ죬šһѣǧҵķϣƽϡ
⻰һ
ΰϾ̫óˡ
£ΰΪ˷գͰѶԷԼĴϣСһĶԷĺ󱳣ŴˣԶҪҪ˯
ƽʱϢʱ䣬ΰȷʵ˯
ΰֻǸоеôһ˵֮·ޣ˲佫ɡ
ΰ˸Ƿ۾㲻𣿡
ҡҡͷʱ˯ɡ
ΰסšһ۾硣
Сʱ󣬳ʻͣ
ǵΰ׵ְҵԣԤԼVIPͨ
ȷϺˣ˻λˣһѣˡ
ΰ˯룬ͻȻ˳ѣ֪ʹһ
͵۾Ƿ֮ɫ
״æŵҲǲ˯ٹһСʱɻҪˡǵʰһ£졣
ΰסһˣƤ˯ӡ
ţʱ仹ԣΰ˯ҲǲУǾ˯ӡ
˭룬ӹȥȥΰ𴲣Է˵ǡ
ˣΰǺˣƤء
룬ɴֱӰ˴Լ
ΰײǿпֱˡ
׼ֵʱȴԷһڣٲȻҪϲϷɻˡ
ΰֻ֮ò鲻Ըص֪ˡ
ĩˣΰӣװίͰ͵˵ˣŶ
ΰ׵ЩΣողǻǸӢôھͱɹˣ
ΰ̧۾ջ֮ǰĿ佱
붼û;ܾˣУ˵ȥĻͬóȥˮˮն
ΰƲƲ죬һ޴İۻصֻꡣ
׷ˣɴ˯ұȥ
⻰һֵΰˡ
ȥ죬ַӾͻ΢ѡ
ΰʱ;ܾˡ



253 ͨ 
ߵVIPͨΰ׺±ϳ³֮ǰȫװһ
ΰͳ󿴿ҿȷԼ˵ϲΰŷĵ³
ʱҪˢΰײòժԼñӺͿ֣Լܹסī
ΰײϣ֪ȻеġټԴ֮ͱ˸ʣʱʱҪѰһλôţ·Եͬ׶εԱҪ߳١
ΰһժ¿־˵ע⡣
о·˷ֽۡ
ֽĿǰһѧƽϲǳԹϡ
Ϊΰ׾ѣֱֽ̫Ϥˡ
ǰЩӪ˵ɷ£ֽûʲôᾭȻˡ
ֽСʮ㣬ƽľǱ򼷵˵ˡ
ΰױ飬ֽȻҪȥ˵乫
û뵽ÿ
飬ֽΰ׵ĺѣѡӵһ
ʵ֤ΰÿεĺ϶޻̸֮
ֽ֮Ĳⱻԭر·˷ۡ
ΪʲôҷۣȻΰĿǰûõóֵĳɼ
ֽˣΰʼûд͸Է·˷ۺˡ
ȻΰˣͱԷòסˣþûز
ֱĹԱʾ˺ü飬ֽγѰգգ۾ôˣ
Ա˿Ŭסеķ걣΢Ц鷳ʾһ֤
ΰ׾ֽǰһĶԻ̲סЦЦ
ֽЦڵһ±ͨ졣
֤ݣֽļӿŲΰ֮ľ롣
ڴڼ䣬һֱ͵͵ԼֻмԶΰס
ʱΰ׻ûϿ֣һſȫ¶˿С
ΰϵЦ⻹ûˣֽԶԶŶ
һʱ䣬ֽ̲סп
ԭ˵ġƾòɱˡǿš
ΰʵ̫̫̫ÿˣ
ֽźͬʱһûס͵ҷۡ
ΪֽĿ̫ȣΰҪԵУв˼Ρ
ں棬ΰ׻ͷһۡ
ʱֽǡ͵
˾ˡ
ϳǸŮΰ׻Է㶵ӣոȥЦð˳
ע⵽ˣЩģ
ͨʽΰע⣬Էû
ֻе˺˴׸¶ζ⡣
ǹϣΰֱȽУֱֻΰס
ò˵Ҹ취á
ΰע£ܿתͷѯʣһֱҸ
ԣʲôû˵߶Է
ΰײ֪ô£ƫƫֲ˵֮ǰһֱš
һĻֽУĴ۵Ļ
ʱڶеΰ׻֪͵ˡ
˷ɻ棬ΰ׸ո£ͼ͵شչ
ΰΪҪŵüæֵǰ
̶̼ӵʱΰѾٵĳ
뵽贸ոջûãҪʱع⣬ں˵϶ǸܴĴ̼
ǰôΣգΰײ뱳һСϵĿǾ档
ĩˣΰֵȵΧˡ
ɤӣίֻ㣬ղΪʲôһֱǸŮѡ
ΰԣЩΣֲϲŮģôִ׶԰
дʵо˫˭֪᲻ͻȻϲŮġ
⻰һΰ̲ס˸ۣ֣һ£ҲϲŮģлл
ڣΰֵǸŮͺСӣʮа˾Żڶ飬һСѵĴ׶Ҫԣ˼𣿡
ʮصҵȻ˼
ΰ׳׷ˣУԺֻС˰ɣ
˭룬Ȼһ䣺УԺҪ࿴ңҲÿ𣿡
ΰ׳˳ǣֱӱˡ
ٺÿһֱҲῴİ
ȻΰֻĬĬ²ۣûа仰ڵ̨
Ҫ֪ˣֳָʲô
ΰײ뱻ع飬ѡ˱졣
Ȼΰײ֨ɲ⡣
׼˻ΪԼıȡ㸣ʱȻ𼱻ܽһˡ
һ˾ȻǸԶһǽǵ½
еľ
ΰŤͷ⣬ûע⵽½
ֱð½žϲΰתͷȥ
Ŀԣΰһʵ½ôҲҪص۶
½ЦЦ˸ڻصҾýĿ̫û˼Ͳ¼ˡ
ΰ̫ͬ˵ûͻʵûҪһ˳¼ƣװ˷һΥԼ𡣡
ΰڹ½ðЦݣûϵǵǮ˵ʲô
ΰ򴽣ˣ½ôȱǮء
½ԭΰ׶һģηɻϾҪˣûλá
£½ֻˡ
ΰ׺½ò𣬾ͰѰͳ׼ͬһ˯
˭룬ͻȻһֻ
ΰ׻ûӦô£־ͱˡ
˶˼룬ΰ׻عʵԴҩ
ɫصûԴҩúܡ
ΰƲƲ죬ϵĿΣںܲ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰֵˣʲôֱ˵вУҺ˯Ҳ²ס
ΰȷʵֻе⣬˯ɣؼ˵
ΰ̧۾¶ãȻǰɣ⻹Ҫӡ
Ϊʵ̫ˣΰ׾ûִŪô¡
û֮ΰ״һܿ˯˹ȥ
ԾȵĺǺǺЦ
Сûĵģ˯Ȼ˯ˡ
ΰ׷䣬
ˣ˭ԼģǲҪͶԷһʶȽϺãԼ
뷨Ҳִϣΰһ˯
һߣԴΰױߣԪһֱ㷲
ΰ׵̶ȣԷ˵ǾָĻԪ޾ԼΣˡ
šΪǿꡱĻԭ򣬿Ԫ޾û⵽֮ǰ׼
⣬ԪطϵˣͨһӪš
һ±ƣö˶˵ͨʲô
Ԫ޽ȥ˵һ飬ȰΰҵͨųȥȺ޴ѾͻΰиΪĸӡ󡣡
һΰ׺Ҫ΢ַңҲᵹ
֮⣬һݼͨ塣



254 Ԫ޵ߵڰ 
ͬڴ󲿷ֽҹҿڹ˾ˣԪ޾Լҵϰ塣
ڹ棬аٷְٻȨġ
Ԫ޽Щרƶã˵ĽҶ
£˾ΪֻݷԸµĹˡ
οԪΰ׵ĺͨ壬˿˵Ǵĵﲻ޳ɡ
Ϣͨ˶֪ΰױ
Ԫ޶ԸΰףںϾ
˵䲻ģԪǵʲȻǰ
֮ԪⷬٶѻʯѰ·
˺ʮ꣬˲뿴ſԪ޾ǰ̣ỹǹȰԪޣȥΰ׺úõǸ˵׼͹ȥˡ
ʵڲУ취
ͨ˵ΰ׹㣬ֱλ
عͷˣ϶мܲסġ
ԪԣһЦǾ仰ǲܷŹҵġ
üͷأǡ
ûпǡԪ޴Ͼ˵Ļֻ֪Ϊǿꡣ
ðɡۿſԪѾ֪ԼȰȥҲûãɴ졣
ƽ飬ͰտԪ޵Ҫһΰ׵ĺͨ塣
ͨųȥ֮ùŵЩӪź֬۴Ԫݼκá
֮⣬ҪԪ޽ΰס
һȭ΢ܿըˡ
ţĳλԱ̫ˣȻӰ۶룡
¥ϵĽֱӵ㣬ΰˣ
ԭףΰȦԼҺ԰ˣ
ǰɣǰɣӰ۶ܱ룬ʱ
˵ΰײнôûİ
۲
ЩˮĴ£ֱȥΰʲôĳĴһ˦ΰס
Ȼ΢˴СʱΰûгӦļ΢һֱûߡ
Ƿ˿Ǻӣ׷ڲΰôôûյϢ
Ϣδ̫ͺ˰ɣ
ⲻ֪ΰ˯ء
΢Ķ˹زע⡣
ϧǣͬϵΰף޷˽
һĪչʱ򣬺贵ĵ绰ˡ
˫ȰѺѹȥ
ںĴȵΰ׺·ɻ˵
ϵ΢Ǳ߳ѣûðһµĳ
ֱߺ责ζϿԪޣгӲҪ
ʵ֤贵ĸоû
Ԫ·Եãܶ಻˿ѣڶڰ˵
֮£ΰ׾ͱȽϲˡ
һַ˿ѷ۲˵Ҫһš
ЩڼֵģǱȺ֮
ȻкܶмƲӿʼڶû֨ġ
ս֮£ΰЩķ˿мܲס˳΢ˡ
һΰ˵˾͸ˡ
贸оæϵˮӪţǿס档
ΰǿԪǱ߲˶ʱȺסˡ
£˫ʹ˽ս
ֱΰ׺˷ɻûиı䡣
ΰ׻ؼ·ϣ֪ϢЦˡ
ûһҵˣǴû˲Ҫ̶ֳȡ
˵䲻ģǿ鷸ﱻȶʲô
ΰˣЩģԼˡ
ΰ׳ڷŭУĸ֪ûС
ΪԹ죬Ҳȫ˵
ֻ֪˵˻ûݡ
Լ˵꣬ΰɳڷŭ޷԰ΣֻһĶԷıһ
ĲиŬ£ΰ׵ɫÿЩ
ע⵽ˣһ
Һΰ׻ýȥ治֪ôˡ
п֮࣬ΰס
оΰƽɤ˵Ԫ޸㣬ǲŹģ㲻ҪΪӲֵá
ΰڻˣҲýȥȰˣ͵˵ͷص֪ˡ
ԣʶΰڿˣͺͶԷ˵£ԪǱ߷ųϢ˵֮˳¼ƣΪԪ޲ɣҪȴûóѡһƣ˳¼вĿ飬ǰȰ˵Ԫޡ
ߵʱ򣬺Ǹֵе㽩ԷһԸΪ͡
ټǶڿԪǱߵ˵ŲɣǱ׼
һǿаѹȥѰ֤ϴϵˮ
ΰ֮һҵ˵Һ˸ۡ
ɻĿУΰ״Ӱͳһ΢ǰ˵˳ԹưͿھϷ¼ƽĿԼ׼
˼룬Ŀھʵ췢飬ȫˣ
ΰסšһ⣬Ӧġ
ϱӣ˵ȦиԴϵԱһŵʱƣ˵ھˣƣһԱ¹š
¹Աб¼ͷȥβԼƵӡ
±ʱ򣬱ݺǸԱһҹ֮ɹҹ˺
ȥʼٸ칦ϺȶˣСĽ˵Ż˶Էס
ϧǸԱѾȦˡ
¸ΰ˲СӰ
ΰ֮ȥĶŸ΢ΪľǲưͿ
ʵ֤Ƿǳǵѡ
ξˡ
򿪵ԣǶƵȫ֮󣬾ͽ齻ȥ
ǲɫ۲ߵˣԼСʲôʧ
صΰΪϵ鷳գԹһ𿴸Ӱô
ΰ⻰һĨȡ
Ϊƽʱ̫ϲӰöԷĻ˵Ϊ˷ʱ䡣
һֵܶǮΰ׿⡣
ƽʱӰΰ׻϶Լȥġ
Ӱ룬𾪵ĳ̶Ժ̫߳ࡣ
ΰŻعʵ㲻ǲϲӰ𣿡
ЦŻصǻġ
ΰ׿ڣֵôˣʦΣ
ΰ룬ԹҲûʲôҪҹʱҪĵӰˣӦôгķϣҾΪѵشӦɡ
ǣ΢΢һЦллʦ
ò˵ţΰ׾ͽעתʵ
һߣõƵҲڰ˼ְź
Ϊ¹ΰףӰǱߵĹزЧʺܸߣСʱͽһһгˡ
ǽƵϣʿԪΪʲôҪߵڰףǽЩˮӪž
ȿԪް˵Ϊΰ߿˵൱ˡ
ԹȺĿ̣˵Ƿ׷ɵˡ
ôû뵽Ԫ޾ȻǸ˵
ʶ֮ǰһˣ˲Լ˵ǹʹķŭС



255  
ֵԪ޵΢ݡ
ȥԪ޵˲ûΰ֮ǰĶࡣ
ԭڣЩԹȺڵĺ滹ᷴת
ûȷ֮ǰǻǲҪŷˡ
ӵһɡ
Ԫ޵֪ΰ׻ػˣһӦþˮ
֮⣬ԪԼȦԡ֮áļԱգǳԼ˵
ڿԪ޵ĵҪˣԪޣȷҪ𣿡
ȿԪ޿ڣһĵΰǱ߲֪Ƶȥ¼ˡ
ȻԪλ˽Ƕݵ˼룬ͲΪƵô֤
˼״֪ԼȰԪޣòȰ˵Է˼
ˣһ˶ѣǲҪϹ*ˡ
뷨졣
׼տԪ˵ȥµʱ򣬶ԷȻסȵȡ
ԣΪԪͨˣжʱӿֳϲ
˭룬ϲ˸գ۵Ĺ򣬾ͱԪ޴ơ
ֻԪɤӵЩˮҪӰǱΰϴף˻ټһƵҪˮ
⣬һҪҧΰȹҵ顣
Ⱥߣǻн͵ء
еĹ⳹Ϩޱһ֣ǡ
Ԫ޹ԷΣڴߴ٣ŸϽȥˮ
˵ͷͷ˳ȥ
ԵǮʹĥ
˰ϵˡ֮áļԱڳǮջ֮Щ˷׷ˡ
ôǮǿܻʮ궼׬
ȥԪ˵仰ܽǮܣֶΪأ
˺Ĭ롣
ⲻ֪ҳԣҽ
Щһ˵ˣҪεġ
ϧǣǾ˵ٻʱȫûʶһ㡣
õ˸ĶǾ͵΢ΪԪ޽
˴˼ǿԪޱԩˣûɧΰ׵顣
ΰףÿԪȥ䣬˵һЩϷ⡣
ԪȥˣΰȴקſԪ޲ߣҽϵɧš
Ԫ޺òˣһžͰѵǺ
ΰ׼״Ҫһҡ
иԱĿ̣ûΰ׳ɹ
ò˵ڲԱı϶ڳԹȺ˵ŶȱҵҪߺܶࡣ
ټϺܶˮм΢ϵ۷ַ˱仯
ڶ̶̼Сʱ֮ڣ¾ͷηת
ܶԹȺھͲټųԹϣǾٵһȡ
˵׼ʱ䣬ֻٴα仯
ѾƱƭһΣɲ뱻ƭڶΡ
͵³˳ˮͿԪ޵ķ˿ûмˡ
贼״ڿԪŶӲҪĳ̶ٴˢ֪
ҪǻźӣȥԪޡ
ʱΰҲõϢ
ǼԱڰԪ޵ߵǷǣΰ׵ͱЦˡ
ȥ¼ƽĿ죬йԱ˿ȣ͸оǳֻӬĻˡ
֪ԸЩǮ˵Сٲᱻҧһڡ
ΰԽԽɫȻҲѿ
ע⵽һ仯ΰ׻ԼæĶԷı
ĩˣΰԴʵôˣ
ΰ׾ֻԼɡ
ùһɫͳźڳɹ׵Ʊȥ
ǰЩĲ̫˳οԪ˲һҪȷʵˡ
ܿ͵״̬Ե˵ģQ˶õġ
ԭţȰ΢ˣȥʰԪǵҵ
˭룬ԪôǿСǿһҺ̨
ѿԪ޵ĲҵˣԷǵǮˮΰס
˼ᰴ˸绰
ǰʻֶԸԪޣͽ׼ˡ
ԪµĲҵЩԼԷϵĴԡ
绰᰾õµ˰ռƻһƿԪ޵ĴԣԼնԷĲҵ
ͨԪ޵ĲҵǱȽϿ͹۵ˡ
Ƕ˵θǰ˶㲻ϡ
ܿ죬Ԫ޵Ĳҵ꣬Ҳһһĵ
Ԫ޾˽ӵЩ绰ʱвûжĸоŵķˡ
ͺñһѹڹͷաϵķˣһֱڵȴС
ȴڼ䣬˵ޱȼ尾
֮󣬷˷֮С
˸оԼˡ
ˣо֮ǰ˲٣ҲΪǶʱʱ©ġ
ʹϢȥ˿Ԫǰ
ʱԪڿӣ֪ı䶯
ңŹص˵ӡ
ڴ֮ǰԪʲ֣ôһؼֱըˡ
Ԫ޻ع̧۾ŭʵ
ԣɫصû裬ЩҪ˵
ԪüͷǲˬͲܵҿٺ˵ôˣǺǰһû
ָ𣬾˵ܿ϶Ǽٵġ
ǴˣѾܿͽƽȥ
˿Ǳ߳ˣĴȫˡ
Ԫ޶׼⣿
ˣȻǡڹں͹Ĳҵȫ˴ѾȲˡ
ȻҲû˸Ҿȡ
λˣ˭Ϊ԰
ĬĬһ䡣
ǵԪǸ˵õİԵӣ˲ҽ¶֡
ȻԪ޴ʱ־ŭ״̬£Ҫһй
Ǿ˾ͱ˳Ͳá
ʮӣԪˣͣ
߬ȭͷĵײӿŭ糣Ȱô°ɡ
Ԫ޵ɫѾһ仰һ룿Щʲô
˵棬Ԫ޻˻״̬
̲̣͵һ̧ͷ
Ԫޱһʲô˵𣿡
ԣһЦ㵱Ȼû˵ôдҪҲҵĴ
˵겻Ԫ޿ڵĻᣬֵ˲ҾԺûбҪˡ
£˴˳ȥ
Ԫ˼룬ǵԶȥӰ󺰣ʲô˼
ͷû˵Ҳˣɡ
⻰һԪɵˡ
Ҫ֪ͶԷѾʮˡ
սȦʱ򣬾˴ġ
ҵ죬Բԭľ͹˾ͰѾ˴˹ҡ
ΪһֱֱȦΪֹ
û뵽˼ѣԷȻҪְ
ǰҲûڷӦô
ֱڣԪɲԼ⡣
һߣΰᰵĻ㱨绰ʱɫںˡ
ǵ֪Ԫ룬ܶľ˶·ˣֻЦˡ



256  
״ɿˡ
ǰΰһֱŸͲֱдըˡ֣Ž
ΰЦˣͲõĶԷˡ
תһ룬Ԫ޿ɲǹԹվŰˣʮа˾ŻкС
ǿԪ޴ԺͲҵȫˣܿŭ
˵䲻ģܺͷ蹷ˡ
ĿԪ΢˵ΰ֪Ӱ飬̽е࣬ҪӰʱˣֱϢɣ
ΰ룬Ԫ޸һȷʵƣ͵˵ͷУȥϴ衣
£ΰȥñ˯¡
ͬһȥΰ׷ϴˮ
Ѿ飬νᳵ·
ΰ׽ԡңһԡˮ£ǡôͿһ䣺԰е°ҵ
΢΢һЦллʦ佱
ΰü˯·ϣְƳԡңʦҪϴˣ
оΰмѣһǽϣԼʵܼ˵ʱˮ˲٣Ϊ˽ʡԴһϴ
ΰԣ˹ӵ
ڣʹӶԷ첲˳ȥ
ΰʮӦҪ󣬾ͱúϴˡ
һǿɲǿЦġ
Ǹ棬ΰ׾Ѿоᱳʹˡ
Ϊ˱Լϥǣΰ׳ûлعһѽԷƳԡ档
ȵĿУΰæԡҵš
ΰ״ŸоԼȫˡ
ΰ׺Сѵ·һ̤ԡ׼ʱعˡ
ΰǹɾǺǺЦ
Ȼ˻Ǹǰһûġ
õʱͿʺƨģʽòʱһƿ
ԷСûĵû
ûҲԼġ
˼ţҲû취ˡ
üģ̾˿
뵽Ԫĵ˻ûվԡſڣϢᰣŵԷĶ
ʵ˵Ҳôġ
ΪͬԤС
ǾǹǽĿԪޣ϶΢ϸ顣
ʵ֤ǵԤ൱׼ȷ
Ԫ޵֪ԺͲҵȫˣ鱾ͺ⡣ټϺľʱѡ뿪ⱳѵĸо
Щһģͷ·ӵ˷ֵ棬ܿѿ񳤴
羭ǲ˱˵ǮŻᱳ顣
Σˡ
Ҫ֪Щÿһ£˶֪ġ
һ˰ЩسȥȴĿɾͲֹҵϵΣˡ
ΪǰܶǣŴߵġ
ǰЩиСԱӣ̨ˤȥ
Ǹз˺ܴһ򣬲Űѹȥ
뵽Ԫа˵
У¾Բþسȥˡ
ԪޱǲԸ˵ģϾԷ֪
һǼˣ˸ƣǾֵ̫ˡ
ȻԪڸı뷨
ֻаѾŪȥˣܳװġ
ھ˻᲻淢ʵǺ׽ġ
Сڶڶ׶԰ȫְ̫̫ĸѴӵλݡ
û˾һҪڵ۶άԭȵ˵൱ѵġ
һԴΪڣþ˱졣
šΪǿꡱԭ򣬿Ԫ޶˼֮󣬾ȥ
յţֱɵˡ
ڴ֮ǰô벻Ԫ޾ȻԺľĺ֡
Ҫ֪˿ǴӿԪ޽Ȧһֱҵġ
˭뵽ô֣ľ³
Ϊ˲ˣ
ʱ˿ֻ̣һ뷨
Ԫ̫ˣ
룬Ԫ޶ԴԼľ˶ģЩ޹ؽҪأ
бҪ϶ԥһ߿
ʶпʵһﾭˣʡһľԼ
ΪˣûаտԪ˵ȥ˰־ٱ͵˰©˰ĸ˷Ϣ
˵֪Ԫǰһڡ
ռƻǴӿԪְ˳ȦСȹ
û뵽Ԫ޾Ȼ˺ݶҪ·ȫ˰
ԽԽĺ֮֮
Ԫ޲˾ٱ͵˰©˰
ͰѿԪЩȫͱȥ
ͿԪһȥ
ֻҪԼȥԪ޾в޶ĸ
뷨˴ϳţֱľ֡
һߣԪΪԼֿ죬һĸ󻼣ڸء
ϴ׼Լѳȥ棬ʱ
Ԫһƣ˭ڴϵ߰
˼֮£ԪԲˣֱӹȥš
Ŀ˶ӵһ˲䣬Ԫ޾ֱ
ûȿԪ޴ͷľԹ˵ȺھٱͶǰһйϵһˡ
Ԫ⻰ۿɼػ˵ЩͣңҲ֪˵ʲô
ȻǱѾյ֤ݣȻǿԪһ䡰֪ܷƪġ
һۣԴӶԷжһźš
ֱӴߣ
һ룬һһסԪޣԷĻᡣ
Ԫ޻ûӦѾѺ
ع뾯ֻм֮ңˡ
ԪʶȴԼá
΢һ㣬͸о첲Ҫϵˡ
ҹèӳʱ䡣
Ԫû֣Ѻţ˵൱
·ˣҪͣ½Ų
ԪҪڸס
ϧ첲
£Ԫֻܰؿڣͼ˵Ŀ⡣
ⲻ֪һٶı䲻ʲô
ѺʱǸѾˡ
ûߣȥ㡣
룬ּؽȥϾ˼
ûãԪޱĴѸٵ΢ѡ
ԹȺھ°ͶҪˡ
Үǲ²»зתôû뵽ᳯƷչ
ԪޱǲζŶԷ
˲֪ϸôʱ򣬿Ԫ޾˳ˡ
ҲǸˣӾֳͻٸϻؼУ¼һԪЩΪƵ
ÿ˵һ£ͻڳص֤ݡ
óԹȺ벻Ŷѡ
һߣ˾ֵĿԪʣСʱûסͰ鶼ˡ
ǸδСԱôġ
΢ϣܳٱԪޣ֮ãǼԱɵˡ
ۿԽԽǾþҪԤˣͷ׷׻Ǹˡ
ϧѾʰǼ׼
ǵǸˣյΰ׹ҵʦ



258 Ԫޱ 
¼ȫˣһһ͡
˵ǿԪ޶գǲѲŻԷ˵ٻ
ϧ˵ǱҲûгϵĴ㡣
¶ҪÿԪɱӺ
һԺԸΰףٶЩ˼ɡ
뷨Ϲزˣ̶̰СʱͽԪصĴ΢ǰλá
ĩˣ᰻ϵǱߣ鷳Ǿ췢档
Ҫǿṩ
֮£Ԫϱ飬ܿϯýƽ̨
һعԹȺȫɵˡ
ԭΪԪϵĺô࣬ȦЩ¡
˭룬Ԫ޾Ȼǣ
²ֹǳԹȺڣԪЩ˿ɵˡ
Ҫǡƽ۶ģǶҪΰǱ߷ųļϢΪľĨڿԪޣϴԼ
˼ӣ󲿷ַ˿侲ѷۡ
Ϊ񣬶̷ִԱ϶Ҫַ̬ȡ
֧ȥǲ׵ط
ȻЩ಻Ļܵƽ۶ٲ¿ߡ
ʦ϶ԩġ
ϣ鰸ֹܹƽԭ򣬲ҪΪĳ˱ĳЩʱЮ
֪𣿿ʦЩǮѾλˡ
ʦôܻйϵǿ϶ˣ
ҲſʦĴӷ֮һ
Ԫ޷˿ȺӴ಻ֻһС֣Ҳ൱ˡ
ټӶˢٲƤµСеЩ޴롣
ϾЩ˿ҲûˣҲô
£ٲֻܽ㱨棬쵼
Ǹ쵼Ǹӡ
Ԫ޷˿㣬ɴһݣ֤ݷųˣлƵ
֤ɽǰЩ˿ΪԪޱ⣬Ҳ֪οڡ
գֻձս
Ŀ̣ǿԳ׷
ֻΰ׻ûԡҳЩơ
ⶼȥСʱˣԼλСôûжأ
Ѳ˯ȥˣ
Ϊΰ׳£æԡҵţţû°ɣ
ʵϣΰȷʵͬݵһͲС˯ȥˡ
ڼǺԡףˮ²ʱƽ͡
һи
̫ˣΰȫûѹļ
͵ŵʱ򣬸տʼΰ׽üͷŶ˯
״Ϊΰ棬æ¥ҹܼҪԡҵԿס
ܼ˼룬ϵĿ˼ˣ
˵겻ڣܼԹ˵ȰҲܳ˼ϴʱȥǻǵ˵ġ
ԣЩЦûصֻǿ˯ˣ
ܼ֪ԼˣЩȻһһڴѰԿס
ÿԿ֮ǰ˱ǣܼѰѡ
գ۵ĹͽԿ׵ݸ
õԿصңԡҡ
Կ״ԡҵţһȥͿΰװͷԡױԵ
չϣʱʱҰҰ죬˯øֻСƵġ
Ÿղ׵ˣ
תһ룬ܱȳҪá
ˣȰλڴˮﱧ˵ɡ
¹һԵԡ׼ΰײɾˮʱ򣬶ԷȻ۾
Ŀԣ˽һ㶡
һΰȻعʶסؿʵôģ
ΰСͨ죬ЩЦ
һô꣬ڱ˴˵ϤòϤ
ΰôô׺ߣ
Ȼûеΰ׵Ц¶Է߳ŭ
ΪסЦ⣬սԿ糣ڣҿһֱû;˯ˡҵ£ȥҹܼҪԿס
ΰ׵֪ǰҲٵϾ˼ǳںġ
ʲôûҪȥҲ̫ˣ
ΰ׹Ǹ棬߳ܵýָͷ
ŵ˵о״̬۳һǷַӵ¡
ΰײĸоܾ飬ԡңҴ·Լȥ
ΰ̬ȼᶨֻܽԡϣǲðɡ
ǰģһ飺ȷҰæ
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼã鷳ߣлл
̾˿ʲԸ˳ȥ
ΰ׵ǹˮӡ
ȷΰŷվ
ΪԡҵֻǹˣûʱŽ
ΰ¶ԷͻȻ֣ٶȴ·
ϵһӣΰų׷
߳ԡңΰ׷ǽվڵӣںһ䣺ңҪ˵
üһĨЦĳֻС˯ȥˡ
˵ԣΰȻóԷеġСָԼ
Ȼղȷʵԡ˯ˣ治÷
ΰ룬תƻ⡣
ͷ˸ĹǷװ˵ȥˡ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰһ̶˸ûӰ
ҪŶ
عͷֻΰ˦ֻЬһԾ˵ϣһűӽԼס
ΰڷ˭Զ
Цõҡҡͷȥñ˯»ȥԡҡ
ΰףڱ涯
ԡŹϵΰ׸һӱ̽̽ͷ
ȥϴˣΰٶ
Ϊ˯ˣΰһ㶼ԳԹϣ˳㿴Լϵĺڹ˦û
뵽ԪȦĵλΰ׾ⳡ̿еѴ
˭룬ڴͷϵֻͱ΢͵Ϣˡ
ΰ׸տʼΪԼۻˣգգ۾
ǰݲûз仯
ζţԪϱϢĻþʵڵġ
ΰʶ㣬Ƥˡ
üһҺõʱߵÿ죬治֪
ΰ˿ǸϢ˿
ԪΪ˻ȡԴͬСԱ͸õۣ۾ˡ
Ҫ֪Ǹ׹¥Աû갡
Ԫôܺݵģ
ΰԽԽҪǿԪھȥԷһ١
̫ˣ
Ԫ޶й뷨ΰ׾͸˲ӬƵģӦòС
ƫƫܶԿԪʲôֻܱš
ΰﲻˬ죬볯תע
ʱͻȻһϢ
ΰףȸίոոҴ˵绰˵ƾ֮ǰݵǲ磬ˣ



259 ȸ 
Ҹ̫ͻȻΰײġ
Ҫ֪ӵļʮˡ
ϱһ˼ϣϷǶѡЩڶ̵ǡ
ݼ㹻ʣǽɫʱ̫٣оͺñ꼻һ֡
˵ýˣܼס˶١
εĽȸͷһ顣
ɵЦ˺üӣΰſסеļظ贵Ϣ
֪ٹ¾Ҫа佱ʽ޾ΰײһ±ơ
μӰ佱ʽҪ׼ʲô
ΰţǰһߴ󿧣ⷽӦúо顣
ͷϢѯʺ贡
ʵϣΰײʣҲġ
ûã贵Ļظˡ
ΰ׶һһ˹
ƽʱΰǲͷһġ
Ƚ⣬¹һĶԴ
뷨ΰӵ㿪һȥ
ΰֻһ뷨ǲμӸ佱鷳
ҪҪ͸ݳƷƷƴùϵҪڵ챣״̬ͻᱻýȺ
ǰЩֻŮں̺涷ޣҲҪ
ΰ̲סпȦԽԽˡ
˵£ΰ׼ȥԻϣԡšꡱһˡ
ʶϴˣΰ׼æֻͷ£Ѹٱ۾װ˯
Ҫ֪û˯ָҪЩ֮顣
ΰ׽ľƣⷽȫûȤֻͶԷޱ졣
ϧǣǸӣ
ΰûϯ취ֻܳ²ߡ
ߵߣֱֱڴϵϡ
ò˵ΰװ˯ݼûҡ
нŵԵʣΰ׵ĽëʱʱҪ¡
һ˻ֲˣλ˿ɲһ
ΰ׵Сֱ˽ⲻ
׽Ū˵ĶȤζΰԵλã˴Է˵ô˯ˣ³
ΰһŵüƤҪðˡ
ΰﰲοԼ̸Ӿ͹ȥ˵ʱȴڴһ
ǴһֱŰɣ
¶ǰ϶顣
Ҫ֪ڽŵʱر׽Ӳ
ڣ͸о½òУҪơ
ƫƫһԻҶ
ΰ׻ܵýֲñ¶Լװ˯顣
ΰ׾Ǻõʱٴοڣʦ˯磬һ˯ø㰡
ΰʿˮװ˯
״ǺЦ
ȻԶвһװ˯ˡ
ۿΰҪװ˯ףֻŪԷ˼ƹβߵһߣɵ׼˯
ƳΰһĶԷʱ䱣һƻὩɴ೤һԼ˳λСڻơ
ΰʶҪס
ˣǳ˯״̬ҪǾͱ¶
뵽ΰֻﰵʾԼǸ˰ڲޡ
ΰӣɹ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ΰ׶͸ܺˮƵģЩơ
ҪѾڴϣȥԡվӣǲԼ⸱ƤˣȻΰû
ǰʱڹ˾żȻײŮԱݣʱˡ
ɫ˥ΰ׶ʧȥȤô죿
һֱΰ׵ΪŻһġ
ⲻ֪ΰΪ꣬˸˰ɡŻסԷ
Ϊ¶ڣΰҳ
ΰΪ£Ҫ˯Ǻѵġ
û뵽뷨ðӣͱС
ܿ죬ΰ׾˯˹ȥ
Ż˾ȵĺ֪Է˯ˣ̧һ¶Է
ǻᴫȾԵʣûҲŽ硣
Ϊ˳֮á¼ƣǲӰֻûпģΰһֱ˯Ȼѡ
ΰϵ£ûǰ㺰ԷԷ
͵ΰһʱѾʮһࡣ
ΰϴ󣬾Ϳ¥緹ˡ
Ϊΰ׿ĵ㣬óΰϲĴϺ
ΰ׿֮ϵ˼Ц⣬쾹Ȼ˴Ϻ
һһ߻صϲˣҾó׼ˡ
ΰԣü߹ŵƤЦŶ³ͻȻôģ
ΰü鶯Ŀɰģʶ϶ԷϷȷҪ˵𣿡
⻰һٽֵĻЦΰ̲ס˵㡣
ΰܾлһʲôû͸ܾˡ
˦һ۸ΰ׾ϣ׼Է
Ŀⴥǵɫ˴Ϻΰʿˮ
ȻڱԽԽԼ֡
ΰ׾ҪҪԵʱߣӣҡһΪ˰Ϻʦ
ֻΰײʾ֪ǰġ
һʱ䣬ΰ׾͸ǹƵģ˴ﵽⶼ̵ġ
ϺļѾܿͽװϺʵС
ժףϺʵݸΰףȳš
ΰЩ˼һϺ͵ߣˡ
û뵽ΰ׻ѵһڸ鲻˼⡣
˼룬عԵǿϺʡ
ţλСڻͦĵġ
˳Թ緹ΰһԲĶһ˵İҪԻϡ
ĩˣΰԹԵˣԪǸдûУ
ʧЦհץȥͥٿҲҪȵ¸¡
ΰײ̫⣬ⲹһ䣺ģѾᰶ£ԪֻвС
ΰ׵֪Ϣѹͷıɢȥ
ͬʱΰԪ޾㲻дͽ̣ҲҪдʮϡ
ʡ̫磬ȥˡ
˵Ԫ޵£ΰ׼Ϸǲһʱ䣬贵ĵ绰ˡ
ĺϢδϢеܻ顣
ΰǰûкݳƷƷƣκҪ·ƷƷǱߴӦǴӦˣṩ·ôõҲֻǵ߶
ţΰ׵һߺ̺ζҪ߶С
ȻЩҪȸˡ
ϧ贵뷨ܺãʵȴЩѡ
ΰںǾˣҪΪԼ
ĩˣΰԹԵʵڲУֱһײͺˣ
ΰôһ˵贲ŷҲʧΪһ취
ܼҴҵ󣬲ȱǮ
ˣ贾Ͱѵ绰ҵɫʵȥˡ
ΰ뵽ڼû¸ɣͳ˳ʵʲôʱȥ˾
Щ⣬㣬ôͻȻ
ΰ״Լڼ̫ˣҴȥɣ



260 ½ 
û˵ǰͲá
ʵΰ֮ǰ뷨
ΪΰˣöԷڼϢû뷨˵
˭룬ΰ׾ȻҪһȥ˾ϰࡣ
̫ˣһʱûסЦ
ΰЦʶͶȥĿ⡣
Ц͸ЩΰǲǺЦʵ𣿡
ԣдʻص㲻
ΰüЦöϵҵɵˣ˵һ䣺ȷʵ
ΰ׻еõʱ򣬾ûͶԷƽϡ
ˢ˰Сʱ΢ΰ׳ԹϳԵˣ¥һҪ·
ǰ빤״̬ȥ鷿ѻĹ
ΰеѡ֢¹ǰǻ˺óʱ䣬ѡ
ʵϣ¹ػؾЩʽ
Ů˵ֱҪ̫ѡ
ƫƫǸ޶ȵģ·ҪһϵС
ͬһʽкüɫ
͵ΰʽѡɫ
ҪǷ־ʱˣΰ׹Լüᡣ
·߳ñ䣬ΰϴ鷿
ĿԣΰһƤЦݣסԷĸ첲Цеߺ̺
ڣΰֵ¸Ҫȥߺ̺ǰһ¡
⻰һĨ⣬ߺ̺
ΰ׵ͷ԰贽ңõ˽ȸǵ
֪ΰж࿴ҵ֪Ϣ˼룬ǷĵΪԷˣϲ㰡ʦ
ΰ°ͣϴЩллܡ
ĩˣΰʵҪȥ𣿡
ףһ롱ơ
˾¥
ܼվڽĿЯеϣϹοЦݡ
ǲˡ
˳ΰײ֪ôģȻое
ΰ룬ǽ̫õԵʣյůģ׷
ΪԼѵ㣬ΰ׾ҵתע
ΰ׼Ϸʱ΢źȻĳһϢ
㿪һ½ġ
ʦʱԸ
ǰΰ׿붼͸ܾˡ
⵽Ԫɧŵʱ½ǸϹļαǷݵҲǼٵġ
Ȼ½쳣ִţа£Էƶᡣ
ΰ׺ͷۡ
£ΰ׾ô𲻴Ӧ̫á
ʱͻȻչʵʦں˭أ
ΰ׻عÿκ½棬ƵæϨĻصû˭һѡ
ΰѾΣµĽëǱ¶еĻҡ
ñͲԶ벻ע⵽ѡ
ֱӸΰֺܲԾ
ΪŪô£̽һ䣺ǲǼѣ
ΰԣӻûӦſˣô֪
ʶԼ¶ˣΰһûڵͷ
ô͹ܲס졣
˽⣬Էô̽϶ˡ
УøϽ취ºŪȥ
һ֪½϶ҪԴˡ
ϧǣΰúܺãʵȴûôס
û취̽ˣʦţҺ˹ϵô
ΰﰵصɲ
ÿ涼á𡱣֪ĻΪڶԷˡ
Ȼ⻰ΰֻ˵˵Ұڵ̨
ԭֻǺӡ
ע£ΰ˿ʲôû˵أ㲻Ҫ˼롣
ΰû¶ңŶԷ˵ǡ
ȻˣҪ˳ϸô¡
УΰԽǷϣԽǸνݲһ㡣
˼Ƭ̣һӰϮԺ
Ϊ֤²Ƿ׼ȷֱʵ½
ѯʵͬʱĿֱֱΰϣ´һ˿һı仯
ʵ֤Ĳ²ʮ׼ȷ
ո˵һ룬Ͳ׽ΰһĽš
ΰײϣҲȷˡ
һʱ䣬оԼ·˴̳¶ɢζ
˿ſסĳ嶯ʵ½˵ʲô
·ΰ׸ɴƹˤûʲôҳԷ
üͷһͬ⻹ûʲô
ΰױͦģôһ˵Ͱļˣ֮Զƫ
⻰һɫ˲ڳɹף㲻ˡ
ΰһЦɣɣӢܲòô׾ͱɡ
ΪλСڴ򲻵ãֻԷҧгݻ֣ġ
ΰЦøˡ
˾洫Ķæмĵ塣
üһЩɲп
һ߳ŭʼٸ߻ô˾Ҫùˡ
ΰ׼״Щ˼ûˡ
ȥ˾ϰʱ䡣
ΰ׵ıϳ֧첲ײײԵˣڳһҪżȥ
һʵΪʲô
ΰ״ⲻǺ±ϳҪѡ
е㲻⣬ΰֻܰ贽Żһ£ܲһиɡ
ڼ֮ˣҲûкĵҪȥи
ȥ칫ҹҲ롣
ûʲô£ڳΰ׺ˡ
˾ڳ˰Сʱ³
ܲר˶㣬ΰᳵ·ߵ칫ңɳһˡ
ΰ׵ΪѾϰˣһ䣺ҪҪʳ
ΰһͲͣͷҪҪҪ
״ЦЦʲôȥ
ΰ˼ʱ䣬æ᰺˽
տʼУΪԷʲôҪ¡
һ칫ңͼһʳ֡
˵ģҪְҵߣԷһۡˡ
᰻˼ƽͬһصõģȥ򡣡
Ŀᰳţΰ׺֪ܣʳǲ̫С˵㣿
ȻйĶǴ£ȻҪȥ졣
ΰЩɴͷϷȥˡ
֪ΰƤ¶Է߳ŭûټĿ˵Ļϡ
ò˵ʲô£Чʶܸߡ
ΰײһ֣᰾һʳˡ
ϽӹʳΰòЦЦˣ
ػͱޱӾˡ
˼룬᰻һ䡰û¡ʹҴææ˳ȥ
ΰǵԲִٵıӰһƵ֣ôߵô
⻰ˣô᲻ᰣ



261 㹷ϰ 
ΰ˼룬ЩЦõҲϲŮ
ԣдʻصоʾٷ֮ʮ඼˫ǲϲŮԺһ
ӣΰײЦ
ףЦ϶߳ŭ
£ΰֻסˡ
ΰ׾ʵ̫˼ˣԷ˵ȥ
ΰ·°ڵ壬ߵԡ
ע£ΰ״չȥûзЩ̫Ծ
ԣһĨ⣬ʲô
ΰ򴽣Цصζ
ɲ⣬ζ
ΰ׵ͷŹЦĳ嶯ΪԷɽ󣺡ζ
⻰һ˼ӵʱ䣬ΰʲô˼
СûĵںԴװ
뵽ΰϵĿ˼Σա
ΰڶŪɹϲУûڵһʱ
ע⵽ʱѾ·жޣֻȴһҪԵ
ʱΰԺֻһ仰
СΣӣ
ΰ׻عԱŲһŲ֮ľ롣
ûüŲͱһק
·ͻȻΰ׸Ӧ
ҪʱѾοס˵Ƕá
Ƴ칫ҵûأΰ׵һᵽɤۡ
һ˽㱨ײӣ϶ģ
Ϊ˱סԼʣ޼ΰ׼æϽſңȻ˼ҽ㱨ײɺͳ
ЦЦģǲ˵
û¶ΰЩˬ͵˶ԷһۣҲС
״ΰ˵ǾȥС䡣
ΰ׸оæһ£
ͣסȤζؿŻʵ˵ʲô
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼ𣿡
⻰΢΢һЦбȹҪ£ȻҪš
ΰ׵һоԼʮа˾ҪԷԸĨˡ
ڼҲǲһء
ڹ˾ɶԷĻ˻ô
ΰ׹ڱ۷׷׵ӣͷƤ顣
Ϊ˱Ϊ෹̸ʣΰһֺõЦݣϰ࣬ϻؼ˵òã
Ҳû˼ֻҪΰƤ
û뵽һžȻų֮ϲ
Ҹ̫ͻȻ˺һɤӵаɡ
ΰ׿ڣǿˣ
ΰ׼ȻӦҲˣģġ
ϡþաĵõΰױ֤ͰѶԷ£һ¶Էƨɣȥɡ
ΰסƨɣŭ˵å
üһиåģҪҪʶһ£
ΰһ⻰졣
ղòײź֣ҪٰѶԷëˣǰ׺ˡ
Ϊܹƽȹ磬ΰ׾˵ʡ˵ࡣ
뷨ΰ׻صɳ£Сŵ΢ˡ
ȸٷѾ΢ֵʱ
ǣΰ׷ǵľҪϫŶӶЩ
֮⣬λȫȦϷǡ
һλϷʮ꣬ѾʮٵԱ
ΰ׺ϲϷ˵ǴСϷ󶼲Ϊ
ǰûкΰһֱûͶԷʶ
ںˣÿԽνȸȥλʦк
ΰ뵽ٹͿֳ׷ǣһʱûסЦ
ЦעʹӹƵΰϣʦʲôأôġ
ΰԣ룬סЦݻصûʲô
˵겻ٴηʵĻᣬΰ˵һ䣺㲻Ҫ룬ֻ뵽ҪȥμӰ佱̲סġ
֪ҵΰ˵жôҪ˶ԷĻ
ͽע·Żعϡ
ΰ׼״һ
ΰ׼ˢ΢ʱ½Ϣֱ˳
ʦʱ䣬ھ˶
ΰ룬֪½ԷϢĶҪɴ̳ˣ;ܾ½
Ǹ¡
ǹԼ
ΰû뵽½Ȼƶᡣ
һ뱻ܾˣ϶ȴ
½ƫƫ֮
ΰûа취ֻѡȰ½ȥ˵
ʵ½Լ뱻飬һʼ׼
ΰж˼ĸܣѾˡ
Ǹݲ˵ģΰΪչ˶Էĸܣпܻܾ롣
ʵ֤Ĳ²ʮ׼ȷ
ȻΪһαܾͷˡ
½£ΰǱΪͷۡ
ŵ˵Ϊ½ģǿҪԴˡ
ϧǣûõİ취
Լ̫ԵԵʣΰ˼һˡ
ƳڹУΰײŶԷ߽СϢ
վ͸װ״ƵģתͷʵҪȥģ
ΰЩЦûصҾС˯ýġ
֪ΰҪȥ˯ͬһ㣬Ƚȥΰײøֶ
ȫŪˣ߳ΰ׽ȥ
ΰ׺˵лл۾߽С
ò˵׼൱޹ΰϲǸζ
ΰĴϣܿͱŽ硣
һΰֱ˯˷㡣
ΰʱڴ˼ӣŶżͷ
ϴ˯ѳȥ㱨ֱ޲û
ڳȥ֮ǰȰŴһСſ鿴
ûڣΰŷ˳ȥ
ŲһĨϲˣ׼ȥ㡣
ΰеĶӣҶˣϳʲô
ڵⷽ棬ΰͻһ䣺㣬ʲôȥʲôҲʳ
ΰ룬ɣе
ûһһ㹤ûдҼӿ𣿡
ΰ׵ͷһɳǱһ߻صæɣԼ
΢΢ףͶ뵽˹С
ΰףǴֵ¹ؿ
˼ӣΰһϷæˡ
ΰֻ¶ȸԾı飬߿Իȥ
ں棬ϸһ㣬Ҫˤˡ
ȥͣ˾Ѿš
ţΰϳȥ
ǼһŲԶԼСʱ͵ˡ
ΰȥ꣬׼ߣ½𣺡ʦ



262 ż½ 
ΰ»ᱻϳûлӦ½
ΰͣһµĲ½ȷԼûϴˡ
½ʶӿٶȣҪ׷ΰס
״ʶסΰ׿첽ǰߡ
ΰû뵽ᷢչе㷴Ӧ
عʱѾ߳Զһ·
Ϊߵ̫죬ΰһʱľһ¡
ע⵽ˣæסԵˡ
ΰס֮󣬵һ۲ôȥͶ̥
ԣ¶ΣղŲ㺦ˤȷʵҵĴ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬֵи۵ںţ߿ҪԷ׷ˡ
ΰƲƲ죬ϵĿЩ½ֲǺˮޡ
һЦȷʵǺˮޣǱȺˮѶԸˡ
ΰ׼⼸ʱһŲԶ
ΰʶתͷȥֻ½Сܹ
֪ôģΰ׺ȻһɲԤС
ʵ֤Ԥʮ׼ȷ
½վԶֿҵط룺ʦæԶٱ㷹ɣ
ΰ׻ûüڣͱԵһ½үܲҪ
½˼룬Щѿܣ㲻Ҫˮ
ĩˣ½ʵʲôʱҪˣ
Цڡ
½ܣ̫Цˡ
ʦԷϹʲô
˵ˣʦûܾңƾʲôҽ
רƶùˣʦƿذɡ
ʦ̯İ£̫ˡ
üͷ䡣
ڷ½ͬʱҲڰΰ׵ɫ¶Է᲻ˡ
ʵϣΰȷʵе㲻ˡ
ΪΪ½û
۾˶óǺġ
½óȻڱѡ
뵽ΰ׵ɫЩѿǸԼˡ
⻰ת磬ͬʱ˦һǳ½
ΰ⣬ֱӿڳ½
⣿
еĳ̫ԣ½ҪԶС
£½
ۿ½֮ĻҩζԽԽŨΰ׾ٲֹ㲻ûڴ֮ͥ´
ΰײΧۣɴ೶˳ĸ첲˵ҺöϽȥ˰ɡ
䣬һ󡰹๾ࡱʹΰ׶ﴫ
˵൱Ӧˡ
˲ͽעתƵΰϡ
ΰüۼЩУæӦúúãȥ
˵꣬ΰ׼õİ䷽ߡ
ͼǽŵ½ûԷ
Ȼٶ½νʮʮơ
½һʱ׷ȥҪ˵
ϧǣ׼
½סΰ׵һ̣͸бڷϢǴ
ǡø˹
յʾ⣬Ĭһǽס½
˫˼룬½ע⵽ΰԽԽԶôȵǸÿ
Ȼû˴½
½ͼǿдȥȴԼĶù
֮£½ֻΰʧ߷Χ
ΰ׽˰䣬½û׷˿
½ִ̳ӿ϶Ҫһ顣
ĵ˵ΰʵǲǹɿĸо
ΰ׳˼֮ʣսԿʦʲôأôԡ
ΰ׿ڻشԹ˵һ䣺Ǻ½йصİɣ
ΰԣһ룬ָֻܿ糣ûС
ţΪע⵽˶Է
ûдΰס
ԭڣǽǵ˾档
ҪǰλСǻˣ̼öԷȥ½ô졣
Ȩ֮£һĿȻ
ʹһֻ۱һֻˡ
ʱΰ㷲
ԭڣʱĹ۲ֱһ˵ѾͻᱻԷʶƣȥ
ΰ׾Լ¶ڵĸʺܴ
һΰ׷ûټ׷ʣһĨɻ
ΰ׾Щ֣밵һ
ãɨۣͱԷץš
ĿԣΰεЦЦҾ㣬𣿡
ףƽԵݸΰ˵ˣ㿴ûʲôҪġ
ΰһ⻰ֱɵˡ
˭ܸô£
ƽ۲ϸ΢ղžȻûıͣ
˼֮£ΰֻܽԭڣԼαȽˡ
ǻڸɱ顣
ΰﳵˣͰЩƷȫµˡ
ûãһԱͶŹ׽
˼ӣһԱŷòƷСΰǰ
ʱѾտȫǹζ
ΰ˵ζٿЩˣ߼ֱҪ档
״ǺЦ
ΰ֣ƽڼұŰƵġ
֪ĻΪΰ׷ԡ
ԱһһڷϣС뿪ˡ
ΰ׼״æҪﵹ
²ˣΰ׻ΪڸⲻԣסԷȷһ룬ȻԲô졣
ΰҲǣͰ²½
ѾϰˣʲôԵĵط
ΰףһԵȳԿʼò˼ˡ
ΰ׼ѯûʲô԰æʱͰѵһȥķţȫŽΰ˵԰ɡ
ΰ˼룬عЩ˼ȫң
ЦȻҵȰСιˣܷĳԷ
⻰һΰڵһ±ͨ졣
󲿷ߵģСΡ
ΰӣ˼Ƭţݵߣһȸԣʡ˵ûġ
ЦûصûУϽ԰ɡ
ΰײɼֵȳԡ
û취ֻܰΰ׵˼ſ죬ԵǼƬţ
ˣΰŷ£뿪ʼɷ
ò˵ʱɷ״̬ˡ
ΰǰδһôóԡ
͵ΰֱӳԳˡ
ߵʱΰ׷Լӹرеĸо˵һ˻ĺӡ
ʮϵҵ𣿡
ΰ׷ˣɣɣĴ׶Ҫ԰ɡ
ЦЦǼָղŵ˵ҵġ
ΰױֻ湣˭֪Ȼˡ
ΰ׺Σ˲û湣˼
߳꣬ΰ׼ϳʱԱߺȻܳһ
ΰһǱ߶㡣
ΰתͷȥֻ½Ц
ΰ׸˸ؿڣ̲ס˸ۣ½˻˵ġ



263 ΰҹԱ½ 
ڻǱ߽ӵ绰
½֮ǰڰ飬ûע⵽ΰߵĶ
ΰ̲ס²ۣʲôʱӵ绰ãƫƫʱ
Ҫ⣬ܶ㵽Է󣬲ֱ½ľ
ΰΰ½鹷Ƥҩʱ򣬶Էһ仰ˣʦ㾿ûʱ丰ԼǸһԷ
ΰ˼룬ε̾˿ҶǳˣЩ㵽Ϊֹͺá
½˵ʲôΰٸԷĿռ䣬ò촰˵ҲᵥȥԷģԺҪˡ
סƬ̣½ӱܴ״̬лһ޻ѿЦǲ𣿡
ΰ򴽣һɫصȷʵѣҲֻѣ𣿡
½ڣΰֲһ䣺Ѿˣٿˡ
½ԣеĹϨ𣬡֪ˡ
²ΰ½Լˡ
ΰ׼״һ
Һ½Ҫ棬˵֮ͷ
Ȼ治֪Ҫ˦Է
Ƴڴ绰ΰ׸оϵķеϳ
绰ΰѾڳţװͰ͵Ӵչȥʦúݵġ
Կߣΰ׵ɵˡ
ʲôûɰ
ڸۺڹ
ΰס˼̯˫һ޹ʵҶʲôˣ
дʵûеҾԼϳˡ
⻰ΰ֮־ЩЦ⣿
ףСм⻹𣿡
ΰĴָǽͷ㡣
ԣΪΰˣ˷ܣȻǲӦø㲹
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬԹԵڰ칫Ӧҵ顣
ôһ˵ΰײΪڴӦ˵Ҫ
£ΰ׿϶ᷴڡ
Ƚ⣬۷̹ӣɻ¡
ΰײԥ
ӦУƶԼ֮ǰĲ²⡣
ΰˣƤ
Ϊ˱֤Լĸţ׿ڴӦ˵ģ
Ǽе۾ΰ׸оԼ˵һ֣Էͻ˹ԸĨ
£ΰֻѡסûˣ
̫˵ǣɵؿһΰףģ
ΰ׵ͷȻģƭûԡ
ΰʮϣϲû˵ʱĺۼѡ
ȷԼĴ£ŻָƽĶׯģһĸղճΰ׵ֱ̬ӡ
˾֮ǰλ֣Ȱѳмĵ
һͲõĿÿĻˡ
˾ĵһ·ϲûз
ΪΰȫԼصҾҪԸĨĻ档
ڻѾųȥˣֱ֤ˣƤֻؽʵ
صңΰױʱ뷨˯¾ԡܡ
뵽ܿͿԡ⡱ˣõʱ򣬾ûȥƽʱ䡣
Ҫϴģûΰ衣
ΰԡʱ䣬һ½Ϣð˳
ʱΰ׸մӻ
ʱ½˵ǡɱڸ׵Ĺ
ͷ涨ˣԺΰ׵òҪسȥϾλǲ
ϲĲǷһǮ
ʱ䣬׷ծҹüˣ˵ҪٻǮͰȥ⵱ū
ûа취ֻգΰ֡
Ƭ֮ϵΰ׹ҡ
ʾֻҪͲƬعȥ
ҵΪթƭӣֱӰѵ绰ҵˡ
г˼飬ֵ绰ͨʶԼˡ
ۿҡǮûˣһ֮¾ͰƬ΢ϡ
ΪȸǣĸԱСˣΰ⼸Ƿͷʱ
͵ƬշȥڶԹȺڵע⡣
ûãΰҹԱ½ѡ
ֻ΢ԶϢ
Ƕ⣬ΰ׺½ΪǣҪյһȥˡ
Ƭʻա
ŬƵ£̲סᡣ
Ҫΰϴ裬ʶԷô¡
ͽӸ绰Ĺ½Ȼðˣ
ԽĴԽŨ
գʵڿƲסĵײӿļУȥԡǰʵţ¡
ΰױݵÿ˯ˣͻȻôһֱӰˡ
˼룬ΰһƬãȻ۾𽥻ָ
սԿ֮ΰʵʲô£
е½ˣô£
ΰ׵֪ϢΪһһͷˮصҲ֪
ڣΰʵҺ½Ϊʲôѣ
ΪĵֹܵƬ
ΰٴɵˣʲô
ΰ׵벻⣬źЩһƬˡ
ΰ׳˳ǣ϶Ƕ⡣
ĩˣΰֽ͵ǻҾͺ½˵˼仰м仹վˣûνܾٶ
ΰ׵˼룬Ҳˡ
ԡ˲ӣƽٶȴ·ԡҵ˳ȥ
Ŀⴥڵÿȹ׵ɫΰûһ顣
ΰתһ룬ʲôûʵûҪ顣
ɤӵƬأҿ
ԭΪΰ׺
û뵽ΰײûкעϡ
ЩίɫղŸѿˡ
ֻݸΰ֮һԲԱվš
ΰ׼״ǺǺЦں𣿡
û˼ΰôһ˵;ҪǲôɣǶԲΰ׸
һΰ׷ûд˼֪˵ЩʲôǺá
ѹ˼˵ꡱ
ڿ仰ȫû
Ҳɵʱ
Ҫΰô󲻵Ȼôɡ
ΰ̾˿չȥʵˣ
ʲôû˵Ťͷȥΰ׶ӡ
ΰˣ治ң
ɲ
ΰ׾£Ͽ϶ǲˡ
ɤӣһһ˵Ȼ㲻ңҾȥ˯ˡ
ĩˣΰ׹Ų˸ĹǷ
Ͳ᲻׷
ʵ֤ΰкЧ
ΰײ첲ͱһקס
ţΰһůĻ
ΰװôо͸ˡ



264  
ΰţ˼ſա
һΰ׸оˣ̲סѯʣһֱң
ֱŤһӣΰšһ¶Էĸ첲˵ȻҾˡ
ԣŲ鲻Ըſ죬ţͻ۸ҡ
⻰һΰعͷֱʵʲôʱ۸ˣҪ˵
дʻصھ۸ңˡ
ΰ׷˸ۣܲ΢һ㣿
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰԹԵ˵۸㣬֮λ޴ǡ
ߡһ첲ΰױøˣû˵ʵ
оִЩΰ׿ҪҰ
״΢˵ţ㲻Ӧøһ㲹𣿡
ΰЦǰɣ
ǰ϶öҳϡ
ڲһԴӾ󸴺ǼµĥƤѾиɻ
سˡ
ΰ׳˳ǣüۼ֮ɫ
˭ܸʱƤôԽԽˣ
ΰ׾ȥǰݸ趼֡
ð뷨ΰ׾˼չ档
ò˵ôһ·̫Цˡ
ΰһʱûסһЦ˳
ΪǸʵ̫ϲУΰЦøͣ
ΰͻȻЦЦǰ֣вɻ
ҪΰһֱҪɶԷǲײϲɾĶˡ
˼⣬ֱӰסʵţôˣ
ΰ׻ع˿ǿסӿЦ⡣
ΰ׼ػʱĿⴥǸЦĻ棬ٴЦˡ
һĻˡ
ΰ׵Цʲô
Ӷ벻ףֻоĪ
ֱΰЦ˳ɺйϵ
Լʵж𣿡
ΰĨ۽ǵˮЦصûС
ɻˣЦʲô
ΰսԿŬҾ͵ЦһЦûԭ򡣡
˵ǣνһֶš
һô꣬ΰ׻Ǻ˽ġ
Ȼΰײϵ̬ˡ
һ˼ǣվʱ·ں棬ʱΰס
֮ҪȰѸõ֡
뷨ͷȥΰ׶˵ȥϴ裬˯ˡ
ΰڨЦһ£Ҿ
оΰеҪˣƤͷŻԷҪǸ˯ͱʽ㡣
ΰ˼룬׹еġʽٶˣڵһ±ͨ졣
붯С˼ģǳû뷨
ΰ׵ķӦ⡣
ͷĵɿΰף˯ϴȥˡ
ΰվԭأ˺һŻعɲдЩš
ϰߣΰϴͻֱӵš
һ㶼ȥ
˽⣬һϴʱʮӾܸ㶨
ղȲӣƲʮӾͳˡ
뵽ΰ׽ŵʿˮ
һʱ䣬ϴνг֮ĽѾһʱˡ
ΰײ֪ôģûĽǡ
ԥΰ׾ɳϵ
ΪѾ¶ȱȽϵ͡
ΰ׸Ÿое䣬Ӷһë̺
ë̺ûãΰ׾Ǳ߾ʹ
ΰתͷȥֻ˯¶ûΧһԡͳˡ
˼룬ΰüͷʵô˯°
ڣΰ˵һ䣺붬ûԶˣᶳðġ
ȷʵе䣬ѼӲᣬأһ㶼ûо䡣
ʵ֤ЩǲҪ˵̫ȽϺá
˵꣬ʹһ硣
ΰ׼״üͷøˡ
Ҫ⣬ΰֱë̺ѶԷס
ĿԣΰеװͰ͵˵Ҿ˵ðģƫţںˣһˡ
ûüڣΰ׾һһ˵ȥ㽪
оΰĶˣ׷ȥңֻŶԷԶ
ΰ֮߳ë̺ڴϺڲѡ
֪ᷢչղͲɧһˡ
ºö˶˵һԽϣӲûˡ
ԽԽڣϢ
ʱΰڳŽ
Ϊ򵥣ΰ׺ܿͶһҡ
СͲϲζ΢һȥȻܽܡ
ȽǴĵܾġ
ΰ׶Žʱ̽һ䣺ʵҿԺȳġ
ΰԣһղŲ˵
ĩˣΰ̬ʮǿӲذĽˡ
ںȽͶ֮˼룬Ȼѡ˶˵ɣҲϲǸζ
ΰ⻰˼룬ʱЦɣɣһ˻ôɰɡ
ԭţΰ׺úúӲͷƤȵ뽪ˡ
˭룬ΰײûкЦó
ίˡ
ΰЦ˺þãֱоЦöеۣͣ
ͲֱдҺܲˬĸ֣ΰæЦݡ
˵ģӻеˡ
˺ܶΣզһʱǻš
ΰʿˮ糣˵⽪ģͲܸ𣿡
ʲôû˵ֱֻΰס
˼룬ΰЩ飬ͰŲˡ
ĿⴥɢЩĽΰ׾ٲϽȵûЧˡ
ΰΪȵɴù뽪һӽһʵιԸ˰ɣ
װ˼˼룬Ȼס
ΰƲƲ죬ϵĿ˼
ȻҨһ׽͵ߡ
£ȻоζҲûôԽˡ
һιһȣܿͰһ뽪ˡ
ë̺ΰԸһ
ΰע⵽ˣȥԡëݸ˵ɡ
չȥҲ
ΰ̾˿ˣô
Ц
ƼЦˣΰװ˿
һıڴתˡ
ҪǶԷٱ治֪ôˡ
ɶͷϵĺˮΰ׷ֶԷҲкҪȥȥϴ裿򵥳һ£ϵĺ
ʵΰײ˵Ҳôġ
н񱣬ټΰݵˣͱøˡ
뵽ղŲ·ܳΰⶣΰ˯´ٳ
֪ˡ
߽ԡ֮ǰЩģֻعͷ˵Ҫҡ



265 ˯ 
ǧԼһΰ׾ȥ˯
ΰˣظ֤ģһġ
õҪĴ𰸣ŷ߽ԡҡ
ȻЩ˵̫ˡ
ԼǱʶӱܵԵʣΰһմͷ͸оƤƵģ
ʱƣ⻯һž޴ı֯˰С
ΰһûסͱ۾⽫ʶקڰ
ʱƽٶϴ衣
֮ǰû·ΰ׵üͷҲˡ
ʵʵ˯£ԡ˳ȥ
Ϊܸΰһõ飬ҳԷϲˮԼһ㡣
һΰӦþͲô˰ɡ
ˮϣ˼¸첲ζɢЩŴ״󴲡
봲ֻмԶʱŴǸ¡İȻһɲԤС
˼룬𼱻˹ȥ
ΰ˯ϲֻƿӲ鿴
ΰ˯ȥˣ˵ģʱʱҰһС죬Сûʲô
ƽʱڴͣпɰ
βһΰ״ӦҪġ
ΰ׾Ȼϴ̶̼˯˹ȥ
뵽оһѪҪ³ˡ
ôһ˲䣬ҪѶԷɴӦ¡
ǲģմǻˬڴϣ۾˯
ΰһͬ˸һţ׼ӵĴ
ʱͷϷȻһˣ
ΰϸֱ˼룬ﲻԹ쳣Ũ֮⡣
ڸոΰ׻Ǻѣ˼ٶȻ״̬˲١
ΣԼӦҪһԷظ֤ˡ
û˯˹ȥ
˽⣬Է϶ĳرڴ
ƫƫڹؼʱ̵ˣѹһͲѡĸֿϡ
ΰ֪Լڿ֮ǰЦݡ
ԵֲЦˡ
ӦòôСɡ
Ȼΰ׵Ľܿͱˡ
ո˵һ룬ͷͱһ¡
ƽѵˮȣõࡣ
ΰֱӱɵˡ
һΰŶͷһ˼㾹ȻҶ֣
ڣΰԹԵұǷģ
ΪС˯ȥΰԭЩġ
ڲ֮ǰΪκš
ںˣ֣еȫûˣֻʣ·ŭ
󸴺Ƕʱ˳ӣΰ׾һ
ǵˣֲϧǰɣ
ΰײϱЩ¡
Խǻ䣬ΰ׵ɫͱԽѿ
״һĨãȻ
ǣ͵һΰ׶ѣԷӦΪʲô˼ң
ȱƽʱ˵㣬ΰҲɡ
˼⣬ɴ촰˵岻ɫͻȻôѿ
ΰ׳޷԰ΣϵĿⲻ˼Թޡ
ע⵽ˣ˲ɫ
Ϥˡ
ΰ׵֣Ƥΰ׻ͷʱΰ
ˣ֮йԷĻˡ
ռƻǴ飬ΰҪЩôġ
û뵽ƻûüʵʩӭ˱ʡ
ۿΰ׵ı࣬оɶԷȥ˵ǳԵˣܲܽ䶼Ǹ⡣
ʶԣæڴΰ˼ţҺ˵¡
ΰԣѹͷķ꣬ʲô£
ΰ׻ܿס˿Ҫȥμӽȸİ佱񣬺Ǳ߸׼𣿡
ΰҡҡͷںƷƷӴ
֪ϢæˣҸ׼
ΰüͷ΢壬Ǻ̫ͬðɡ
ĩˣΰ˵һ䣺ûǴ²ûݳƷصĹ˾Ҫô׼
ЦЦͲ*ˣһ㰲׵ġ
ΰ׾һ˼ǣջǴӦаɣ贽ʱ䲻̫ۣԸɻٺòˡ
ǣ쳣Ͽһص֮
˵ȸ佱ΰ׾Ͳٳڹȥעתص¡
ΰɫת磬ɤ۵ܷŻԭ
Ϊ˱ΰ׻عͷ˵飬쵽ˣʲôˣóǱ׼
ΰڵ˼ҳˣͱ۾ˡ
ƿ´
ȥԡϴһǴΰ׵¥
ΪʱĴǰνǳָǣĴʦǶԽԽϤҲͲǰˡ
ΰҪԵĲˣó׼һԷϲƷ
֪ʳܹ˿ΰȻҲ⡣
ˣ߳ź֪롣
֣챻ӦŶ԰
ôݵˣ
ЩϰΪˡ
û취˭λԼġ
ԺţҲû취ˡ
̾˿ЩΡ
׼¥ΰ𴲵ʱ򣬹ܼҺȻүӹˡ
ɫʵôˣ
ԴӷЩ£ͺүӲǶϾϵ״̬
ǱҪǲټԷ˵ġ
үһкܹûʲô¡
ˡ
ԼĪӣүһʮͷŮ˽
ĿԣһĨϲ
ͷҡ
֮࣬Щ⣺ôˣ
˹ٷҽ˵ҵúܳɹ˻û𡣡
ֻҪر𼤶Ͳ¡
ȻǻŵģǱǰҪúܶˡ
ǾͺãǾͺá
á
СʱΪǹæͰǽķչˡ
һ˼꣬˸黹ǱȽġ
Ϊಡʮͱȥβˣϵˡ
ˣЩ껹Ƿǳɶµá
ˣȻ˵òС
һүӸоͦû˼ģԹ˵Ȼȥˡ
šһò˶Է
Цغүӻֵˡ
ү֮ʵ磬˵ɩˣ
ף˵ȥɩˣһܶˡ
ԣЩţɩûң᲻᲻ϲң
⻰ԴģƢܺõġ
䣬ΰ׵Ȼ𣺡ˣ
عͷԣá



266 ø 
شΰ׵⣬ָԵ˽ܵɩӡ
˼룬һʵɩӾȻǸԱ
״ԡ
šܹʵ壬ôеľȶൽֱҪ
ôȰɡԱֲʲôְҵΪñֵ̫ţΰεýָͷҪˡ
ԣʶ죬ǸǸ̫ʧˡ
ΰ׳˳ǣһò΢Цûй˼ҪҵǸ
֪ôģܸо˲ûб޺
ΰãղŵжݳġ
ԭڣ񣬺Ц⡣
֮ǰûмĶ⾿Ǵģ
ܲĺڷ۰ɡ
뵽ΰͷ۵̫Ѩͻͻֱ
ڼﻹпڣֱֲקˣֻӲǹɷꡣ
һĻȫͷԡ
ΰôˣ
˼⣬Գתƻ⣬ûʲôԵĲˣǱ׼緹
룬ɿڵʳе࣬Ҹɴ˹ٷҽдעɡ
˸Сתͷѯΰףأ
ΰ̧۾ЩãȻʲô
оΰ׻겻ģЩĶԷǲ岻
ΰ׷ϣûвǸղ΢˻񡣡
ԣظһղŵĻ㻹ûҪӵĲˣ
ΰҡҡͷûУôˣҪ̫ˣ˷Ѳá
⻰ΰ׵˵ξͦߡ
ΰĵֻҵӣ˸ۣⲻԭ𣿡
оΰ²̫ߣΪöԷһ㣬͹˵Ͼʱҡ
ΰЦˣ˵㻹ǰɣ
æңСȥҴʦˡ
䣬ʹ
ΰǵԶȥӰǺǺЦ
ʧΰŻعͷ
ʱΰ׺Ȼֿʣˡ
ΰ׺죬ȫ֪˵Щʲô
Ʋΰס
Ҫǹ֮ǰүǧΰĸαôԷ
˵䲻ģΰݣûΪмŦֱЬ䡣
Ͳٸΰ׺ɫˡ
뷨ͳֻԹ
ΰ׼״˿
Ҫղ治֪ôмܡ
˴ʦֵΰף˳ȥ
صΰ׺ֻЩ֡
ղŲǶΰͦ
ô뿪ӣ͸˸Ƶġ
Ϊ˸ô£ûзôվڼԶ۲졣
Ȼû۲ʲôͱΰ׷ˡ
ΰšüվر갡
£ֻܽԭƻʱãһ߹ȥһ߻صǣҾ빤ϵһЩ¡
ΰײ˽Ĺݣֻܵͷаɡ
Լ˰СʱӶ˾ߵǰǱ˵˶ˣڶǣ
дʼ뵽ΰһûԶԥѡ񣬡ڿɡ
ΰߵ£ɱűʼǱԣʶߴٵϽԷ
ʶԼЩӲΰԶ
ԣͰѱʼǱԷڲ輸ϣúúã
׼ȥʱ򣬺Ȼվ
һĨʵղôûɩӹȥ
⻰̧ͷصһ𡣡
ΪǺΰ׵һμ棬Żֵ֣û˵ʲô
Ȼ仰ΰ׶̲ס롣
ںɣ
ϧλõӣΰϣԼˡ
ҪΪˡ
Էʱͬһ㣬ȸΰװһϺʵݹȥ
Ŀ̣ȵӶҪˡ
ȻЩڹβûкһ𣬵ԷСǸӣֻбźķݶûźˡ
ŵ˵ΰװϺ£˵̫߳
Ǹӣƽʱûٸɡ
һعûסһ䣺磬㾭ɩӰϺ
΢΢ףԼûĽҸŰϺⲻǺ𣿡
ԣǳ鴤£ЦΣǺ
ֱһ̣޲ðΰ׳˾
ΰע⵽ı仯ܵӰ졣
ô£
õʱ򣬰ڳı顣
ѵ
ò˵ΰˡ
֮һع뿴ܰԵùϣͼＸϾϵ˾Ǻηʥ
ͬʱҲŲɢ˵
ڴ֮ǰͺܶ˵뷨һֻ̰ͼΰ
ۼʶı仯֮ɵˡ
ȷ£ԼЩƻûгɹĸʡ
ʱ򣬺Ȼں֡
գգ۾ãȻʵôˣ
ЦûصüζûӦҲӦôˡ
ڣֵǲǷ˲θڣҿԴûôӡ
æڰֵûвθڡ
𹫿꣬ЩˣȻͶԵ㡣
ҧ촽ԥ˼룬ЩµؿΰһʵɩӲɣ
ΰ׹ǣ΢΢һЦصãֲͷЩĵãʲôýġ
⻰һûüڣͱȣţ˵˵
ͷûá
ʼգֻһ˶ѡ
ϹñӣȻǱҪԩˡ
һ粵ǵΰ̲סЦҾһ˵ô𣿡
ڣӦ
⣬ЩĻ̫ýֻ˵ǺˣԸҿñӡ
ΰױЩġ
Щ˵ӣͷǹɶоɢˡ
Ȼΰ׸ˣͲˡ
ϧǣûüںΰףֱһɩȣԺҪˡ
ǿЦЦû˵ʵ²ۡ
ǺǣҪҪĹˡ
ΰдȣûСˡ
ȻЩֻ²ۣ֪
ȻĻΰǸ̶ȣǻֱӸϳȥ
Ϊֻ³
Ա㣬磬סһʱ𣿡



267 ˼費 
ûӦʵôͻȻסţ
ԣֱһɻصⲻǺöûҺܻСʱӡ
ôһ˵Ļͱ
׽Ļ֪Լöˡ
Ϊ˵ʱȻһ䣺סŹƲ̫㣬ùܼҸɨǶɡ
Ÿ𿪷ġ
Ϊŵܲãڼ֧Ȩġ
ʱ⽻˸ˣıдˡ
룬ȼ֮
˵ɫΰУ̲סЦ
Цʶתͷȥһ䣺ʲôҼСôģ
ΰԣһ⣬ǱŬŬأܲܰϵɧһգ
ڣΰԹԵˣ̮˰ٻˡ
⻰ʶûĵ¶Ρ
ܿͽ̬ˡ
ѾôΣҲںһˡ
뷨װʲôûӣɤӿڣô
ﰵصҾòô
Ȼϲֱ˵϶Щߡ
ˣҪҸʲôɲ
˽⣬Էɲˡ
£Ŀڡ
뵽̾˿
ע⵽ˣö˶˵̾ʲô
cϦaxҡԣɻҽӲͷƤصûô뵽Լһе㺦¡
˵겻ڵĻᣬڳͰ͵ӣĲҺһסұ֤ǵġ
ţʯĳˣôŶе㶯ݰɡ
ȻϻǴ粽á
ΰΪסڼʱͲ࣬ǸƤġ
Ҫסΰڼҿ϶оڡ
ϵһҪõúһˣȻ֪ѡ
ڴĿУᶨصǸסе㲻ʡ
ԼסµĻҾùܼҶӶ˹ȥ㡣
ģһΰܺãµġ
˵ϣҲ˵ʲôֻܲ鲻ԸӦðɣȥס
ΰ׼״˿
ллûм֣ȻǾҪ࿴ˡ
֮⣬øл쳣ᶨ̬ȡ
ղװʱ溦һöԷסһ
Ҫ֪Ǹεýָͷ
Һסˡ
ΰԽԽθɵƯĶԷļʾ
һô꣬ΰҪʲô˼١ءġʡȻһ۾ס
ûͷûβĿޣú֡
˼֮£Խ˦Ժ󣬲ȥԭ
ƽΰ׳ÿ춼Ҫ˯ġ
˲֮ͣ˻ԼԸΰϢһ˵е¥ˡ
ĩˣΰ׳һζֲʧò΢Цʧˡ
棬ֳܱ˿Цӯӯصû¡
ΰһԱһ۾ͿǼЦ
͸ƶԭȵĲ롣
Ʋ
ãоҲô
ΰ׻ң׼ȥԡھϴš
ŽȥûãͳӰ
ΰ˼룬һĨʵôˣ
ǽվƽʱе㷴ǲ岻
ΰҡҡͷûв
˵ǣʵ̫ţģ
ĻɣΰЩЦûصȻģҪ岻ȥҽԺˡ
ü˿Ӳ̨ǰϲǿҲ
ΰ߳ŭ˼費𶮲
æûжʱ治Щ繣
ں棬׼ֳһ¡
ͳֻΰ˼룬һЦǰɣ治֪
̧۾Ȼص𣿡
ΰæ֣֪
룬Ҫҽһ£
һӣΰײЩЦסˡ
Դһʡ
Ѿ˵ļѣЩͲҪ𴩡
˼Ϳˡ
˼صͷû˵
ΰ˿ڣԡ棬ɻٴӿͷ
֣ȥǸ
Ϊΰ׵ı̫ԣԹԻصȥˣܼڰԸʰǶϾҪǱסһʱ䡣
ΰֺ֪԰ô֪ʲô
ΰ׵ЦһصСڣͲֱдˡֲϹôܿ
ΰЦЦЩΣô𣿡
Ҫվӣ
ΰ׷˸޴İۣϵˮ˳ȥ
ͬһΰ󣬷·Էĸƨ档
ԭĴ㣬ΰ׼ڴˢ΢˯ˡ
ˣͶԷġ
ϴ֮Կŵλã⡣
סƬ̣з·ȼۻһᡱһ
ΰ׾Ȼ룿
ǲζţΰڲˣ
ĳ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ϵЦݲԽԽá
һĻΰ̲ס²۵磬鷳ЦһգЦɵҵĶɵˡ
ΪûϵˣûҪ
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼ֪ҵö࿼һҪҪϡ
⻰һеľ˲𣬡Ǻˣ
ΰױ˵ǡͻȻԷ˼͹һ䣺˵أ
ͬΰϣһ⻰ըˣУ
ôͻȻڣ
൱εΪ
ΰף㲻ʲôصаɣ
һĿߣΰǺǺЦҪ˵УӦñҸ֣ҪҰһ£Щ𣿡
˼룬ѵ¶ˣȥľȥ
ΰһתƵһϣǲң
Щʵôð
ΰдʵоҵܲԾ
ΰ׺϶飬ΪԺİӣӲͷƤȰ۾˵ûпܸоˣ
ǰЩһֱסҽԺûнӴˡ
ǲ֪ôദŻоЩ֡
ΰײ̫ͬԣǲôദӦǾнղǼǻֵ



268  
ΰҪǲ˵û쳣֮
ô벻ΰ׵ɡ
һμ档
Ҫ֪Դȥβûлˡ
ûΰס
˼⣬ֻܰԭڣ㳤̫ÿСŮļ
ΰԣǺǺЦУֲŮģҸﰡ
ΰסҿôࡱĿ⣬һصѾÿԺŮˡ
ţ˵Ϊΰ״ɽܿΰһ
ΰ׾ٲҲ˰ɡ
˭룬ΰײûǰüЦһ䣺͡
Ϊ˱ʾ͵ˣΰ˴첲ʾԼƤˡ
ÿ۵ʱΰ׾͸Ǹһڹڹˡ
ҪȦȥˣȦлл
һͽСδӸ֮¡
г˵ΰ׾Ȿһ˵ܰѰȨȥ
ΰԽԽĶôӵʱҪʡ
ΰ׺ܿ侲ع鵽ʵС
ע⵽мЩίΰЩεֻ²һ䣬ֲ㣬ڰɣ
ߡһҶʵĿޡ
оϾҪⷢӣΰֻܸĿڣҺǸ˰ɣһ͡
ԣձΰ׵ľѲ˲䣬ˡ
ΰ׿ڣʵҪ˯𣿡
ΰƿǿë׵Դˢ΢ûйϣҪ˾˯ɡ
ҪǸоΰԾΰΪʲôҡ
ƽʱһ鷿һЩδɵĹ
ٽһӵʱŻصݡ
ʵںܶ࣬ͻϢʱ䡣
ΰˣڿҪҪȥ鷿һˡ
ΰ׷Լ˵꣬˼״̬ﲻ˹Ķ
ʶղ˵Ļ
֣Ҳû˵ʲôȵ׵ĶԷôͳĬˡ
ΰԽԽòԾ϶ˣ֧첲Եʵʲôأôԡ
̧۾ûʲô뵽Щû
ΰѾϰӰ״̬ʶصǾȥ£ʲôþġ
⻰һЩΰ׵ⲻ㣬ûġ
ΰƲƲ˵ûģҪǲʲôԲҿ۵ͷ
һ⻰ͼˣ˵ȥĻͬóȥˮ¾Բܺڣ
ΰ׿ڣͰקԼý˵ҪǸ֣Ҿһֱ㣬ֱĿΪֹ
ΰԣüüʵܲãأ
дʻصҪ
ΰ˿ǷˣŹߣű𣿡
˵֮ΰײʶűСô³Ĵʣһ
ͬΰϣȷʵ
ΰ׸ո˵꣬һãȻʵűʲô˼
Ϊ׼ΰһ㶼ûе⣬֪֪豦У
ʳֺܳʱˣ˿гֵĸʺܸߣкüѲ鹫˾ʱŮԱ΢΢׵֪
ΰѾø͵׼Ȼ֪ʣ
סƬ̣ΰȡ
ɤӣ糣ص㰴˼ȥͺˡ
ͺܴΰôһѣͽϡ豦СƲˡűСʵ˼
ڴ֮ǰΰӣΪǸ̫õĴʡ
֪˼֮һصҾűкܺð
˵꣬ΰ׿ڵĻᣬִּĵܽǲΥԸűúʡ
ΰ׳˳ǣˣⶼܸݵ䡣
Ϊ˵ΰ׾ͲٺͶԷûĻ⡣
뵽Ҫȥϰ࣬һڼҴĵýͶԷһȥ
ʱ䣬ھϰֻһСʱˡ
ץʱ˯
뷨ΰ̽ӣֻڴͷϡ
ĩˣɻشϣ˯ˡ
Ҵΰ˯ֻεضŶԷ
ΰע£þ𲻳˯⡣
ΰײ
Σΰ͵۾ŭԵʵһֱҸ
ʶصÿ
ΰˣһ޴İۣͰѱͷȥ
ΰƻæȥӡ
ΰ׸оˣΪڹݺקסӡ
һקһƽ˽ʮӣΰĻ
ΰ׾ͲֱдҺܲˬĸ֣ЩΡ
Ϊΰ壬̾˿ʹչȥʵŴˣôǵˣ
ΰŤͷⲻӣصءߡһʾԼĵķŭ
ò˵ΰĹĵӣƽʱ˼ֿɰ
֪ôģһСı
ΰǰ췢ġ
룬ΰ׺Ǹȼֱٷ֮һ١
һʱûסЦ
ΰЦ·˲ȵβ͵èµëëըˣЦʲô
ԣЦݣûʲô
ΰײţ˹ȥסһڶԷϣӸ˵̹״ӿܴϡ
ƺ
ƽʱΰ׿϶
ˣʲôĶԵˡ
ȻɾͺԲƸӰˡ
ĽǶȿȥΰ׼ֱһֻӣԴʨӵĻ
ţҪǲûʲôǶԲͻĻᡣ
ΰٴοڣקŶԷĸ첲ǰһ
·ͻȻΰû׼ⷴӦ
عѾſ
оеΣգΰʶ
ϧǣò׵ᣬȻáܵ
͵ΰ׸СƵģ˷ڹ﷭ȥ˺ü顣
ֱҪɢˣűʢ
ôΰ۵ֱ˯ȥˡ
λʼٸߣ߽ԡϴһ·ˡ
ΰһѾࡣ
ʱڿ°һԷ
ΰײڣ˸Ӷʵȥˣ
ӶеġָΰףſڴûУӦ˯
һ𾪼ⶼˣ˯
Ӷ˲˵ҵ飬ֻǳ˳ɽ롫ϢȡһεЦݡ
ûΪˡ
һΰϵҩʡöԷ̫ˡ
õǧԴӳԺ֮Ϊҵţΰôܹñ
У·



269 ̫ 
ﲻƽ⣬ȥΰ׺
סתߵӶʵģ
Ӷ˼룬𾪶ൽֱӴ۾ĳʲô
ԣȻصȻǺ
Ҹô๤ڼ˯˼𣿡
˵ˣڶѾˣѵҪȫ˵ٿ
Ҷˣ
Ӷ˼״Լù͸ˡ
֪λС㣬Ӧڳúôš
ںˣû³ϹҪĴСס
öԷԸԳô°Ҫˡ
ûзʹһѸ·
·ͻȻӦ
عʱǸӶѾӰ·ûгֹ
ӶˣȺ﷢Ϣ֮󣬷׷ҵط
͵ټļУת˺üȦûһӶ˵Ӱ
ɵӣȻóЩڹ
һ֮£ɴ಻ˣֱ϶¥׼һһȥҡ
ļƻûüжͻȻ
ѭԴȥֻΰ׶Դҵͷ˯˳
ΰ״˸ǷһתͷͼվڲԶüͷ
ΰ̲סɣҪûмأҪ
ΰױ۸оͲ̫á
һڼңһҪļƣΰ׺ۡ
ãҶԷûʲôΰֻȰԼû
ΰ״Թȥȴġ
һ룬Ϳʼ̫ˡ
ΰüܣһ˯˸ʸմߡ
귢Ц⻹ܰ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬԹԼҸôϰ࣬Ϊѣ֪͵𣿡
ΰ׳˳ǣǺǺЦŵܷḻʲôС
֮⣬úӡ¡
ΰ׵Լ˵̫ޣԷ
ʵ֤ΰ׵ĵĶˡ
һֱβǻô
ΰ׵֮˼룬׹ʲô˼
ըˡ
ŭ峯ΰ߹ȥʱȻ
عͷ˫ʢŭɵˡ
ʲô
һҲͱš
ΰ׵ı̶ȣԼҪɳȥˡ
뵽ܶæתӣͼһԲ
ûͱһקס첲ǿд˼
Ŀԣоǰɢķŭʿˮ
׼ʹϰ취װʱһղǲΰף
ʶϣûУֻɩӴкѡ
ԣ˿һûϹ
оæᣬͰλñ⣬磬㿴ˣûǸ˼
ЦһΪЩ˲һˡ
⻰һ׻ˣһֻקס˵Ҳǡ
ˣҪ˵ˡٸƱĻᣬϾղŷʲôĿ˵ģӶ˸ʰҪǲؼңͰլǱס
ԭţǰװװԷ˵׼ͻ
˭룬Ȼᶼֱʰ
ɫ׽ӣûߡ
֪ԼʱƢĲˡ
ʱԺкȻһ⡣
Ŀڵλãװӡ
ΪһĻԵøʵ
಻ãϵͳͱЩټ촽ܿͷˡ
ΰ׼״æסĸ첲Ȱȱ˵ˣȻ
ĩˣΰóȥҽԺ顣
⻰һĨҡ
װģĴ
ҪȥҽԺ飬϶¶ڡ
뵽ֻ΢һ㣬ٱôݡ
ܿ죬ĴɫЩѪɫ
ΰע⵽ˣһ
Ҫ߳£Ǳ߿϶
ʱ㲻ĴҲ
Ҳôġ
ôһͲǿаߡ
ӶˣԷչ˺ΰ׻ҡ
һأͰΰױԲ𣬸ղյ˾šԭΪ㶥СŮļû뵽ȻҶ㶯֡
ΰ֮ǰЩ˵ġ
ڰ̬ŵôͣĲʧˡ
ΰĶԷļЦЦ˵ҵǸûҪеΡ
ĩˣΰװЦ˵Ǹй˵ģ´ߣַô죿ܲһֱڸסŰɡ
룬
ղŵӣΰײ̾˿ϣܹԹԻȥ
˵ģҪ⣬Ǻ治
һӲģͷ붼ͷ
ΰתһ룬ǳģöԷΪͷȥɡ
μȸİ佱ʽƾҪĵӰȥˡ
ڼҾ۲Ĳˡ
ΰ뿪֮󣬾ƿ˵ˣ¥Էɡ
ЩίűӾͰƿġ
ΰǺǺЦǽˮôˡ
Ҫ˵ΰڶԷ֮ǰǿнضˣˣȵ˯ʱôô
õҪĴ𰸣ίҵ
¥úõڿһ̵Ȼ޴档
ô벻СʱôɵĺӣȻ񶾵ˡ
Ҫüʱΰ׻֪ʲô
Ǹ棬һ
ע£Ȼо
һתͷͼڳ߻
ǰ϶˵ӭȥԴ֮顣
ղ²⵱ײƣֻܼнβˡ
Ϊ飬Һӡ
뵽ΰ׾Ϸģ¸ղǳϷᱻԷԵͷӴ
뾯䣬Ǳΰסˡ
ΰײʥĸķģֻǾˣɫ۸Է
춼Ҫ˸ĸˣҲʱ䡣
ΰ׸оս͵ʱһӶ˴˽֣ǱѾ׼Ҫ𣿡
ΰסͷɣҶˡ
ߵǰ£ΰ׿һһĲ˱ϣ̲סʿˮ
״˶ΰ׵뷨ָŶԷ˵ˮˡ
ΰΪ棬æ˲ǣȴʲôûС
˼룬ŷӦԼƭˡ
Ĺĵˣ㾹Ȼƭң



270 첻Ϸ 
ΰ˵꣬һ⡣
ϵصһװʹӿģŴ
ΰ̧°ͣءߡһҿ첻ϷߣƤˡ
ڣΰֵҲƭң
ԣæ´βˡ
⻰ΰ׺üһʵ´Σ㾹Ȼ´Σ
ĿڣûС
ƽֹˣЩǷ֮СȤ
ͷһؼĳʵΰŵ̬Ⱦˡ
Ҫ󲻳Ȼ۸ʱ
׵ǣһԸġ
Ҫ֪Լ˶ûݹ
뵽ּ
ȻհˣֻȰס׼ҸٸԷҩ
ΰײ֪Щƣע⵽˶ԷԹ
ҪãҪɶԷˡ
ô֣¶
Ŀ⣬ΰ׸о²ڣսԿˣҺö
ԣֱͦ壬ָƽģ
Ŀⴥǰ˴ϺﰵӶ˲µͬʱְԼߡ
˼룬˿ûסСС˵ΪʲôҪϺߣ
ĩˣֹһ䣺֪ϲԵġ
ԣֱ׳صϲȻҪΪ
ʶж౦ΰ׵ӣҿˡ
ӣ׼Էʱ򣬺ȻƳףһϺ
ƼͰһϺʣ֪Էûٸ¡
֮ǰԷҲбĳһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
ιϵУǸ·˰ɡ
˵ģ֮ǰԴ˻ĴңΪϴθΰװϺֻһʱѡ
û뵽⾹Ȼǳ̬
Ȼãΰ׺ǲɵˡ
ڹ֮ǰĵүӱ֤һ˷ֿ
үҲӦ񣬾Ͱµһֲҵת
뵽ЩҧҧŬһ¡
˵׼ڸãʱ͵ء
Թߣ˵ԼڶԷе
ûпڣˣ岻ãϢ
ûӦô£ܼҾ͹ѵС㣬롣
⻰عһĨί

ûĴΰף
ԽԽݺݵض˶š
ڼĸΧˡ
ϧס
ûзͼΰ£
֪ΰ׻񶾵˼֮Ȩûˡ
Լţûй˼ϲ¶Ρ
ʱƣŨ
ǸСƤǱȽϱġ
ڱԼŬ֣ջûסǹΣת˳ȥ
״ûȥ׷ԸһӶˣȥʡ·ϳʲô¡
ӶӦá׷ȥˡ
תͷΰ׵Щε֪Ͳ
ΰruaĹͷھѾû˼ˡ
ڣΰ˵һ䣺ҪˣҲһ
ףһת˵һ£µӰʲôʱʼ㣿
ΰתתӣ⣬Ӧǽȸ佱ʽ󡣡
üͷǺܿҪ뿪ˣ
ΰ׵ͷ԰
Ϊ²ߵǳˡ
ûԵ⣬ΰ׾Ҫȥֱ˼Ҿ硣
Уóΰ뿪֮ǰԷҪô
뷨ΰ׾Ѳ£ֱԷ̧ͷ˵~
βĵΰ׾֪Է϶ڴ⡣
ʵ֤ΰ׵Ԥʮ׼ȷ
ֻǣ¶һĨЦȥϷ¶꣬һڼҶؿշǲӦøһЩ
ΰü˳ʵҪʲô
û뵽չ˳̽ʵʲô𣿡
ΰûش𣬶ǽƤ߻ȥ¡
Ҳ¶ԡѸٽӵ
ȻôҪΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼ
ΪҪ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬŴˣһ֮뽻
ΰ˼룬ԼЩ۵˵ǲǷˣʱսй
дʵϾҪȥˣͲܿ𣿡
ΰЦˣ˭ң
ΰײ⣬Ͱ׿ŶԷ~
ΰһƿһЦףҲԡ
ﲻĺõطҲ̫ΰװƿˡ
ΰ׼ҪˣƤʱ΢ʾȻ
΢һǱ緢Ϣ
СΣҰѾ籾˼趨ĸı䣬¾籾䣬տһ¡
ΰ׿Ϣֵ˼׼ȥ鷿Ķ籾
ΰ׵ɫ̫࣬Ž
ΰע⵽ˣǰ͵緢¾籾ȥ鷿籾
֪ΰҪȥæ£ûŶԷ˵ȥɣȻҸ͵ˮ
ΰ׵ͷ鷿
Ĺˣš
ǵΰ׹⿴籾ܻȽϿԷóԵġ
ǡǰʱղһЩƷƵóˡ
˷ѡѶϵȽϵ͵Ʒܽ١
ʱΰѾ鷿¾籾򿪡
־籾һȫµĽɫΰ׵һӦ˴ʽˡ
Ȧΰײûжپȵĸо
ֵҵǣ˸½ɫûӰ쵽ɫ
ŮһźŮžûôˡ
Ϸݾô࣬ͻȻ˸µŮԽɫȻҪһЩϷݡ
ΰѾԤ뵽кܶϿԳԡ
Ϊ籾Ķֶһ½ɫΰ׾ԼбҪдµС
̧һʱ䡣
˵࣬ʱ仹磬д
ΰ׾ʹӳóʺͱӣд
ڳܽ١
ò˵Ʒզһܼ򵥣ȴЩѡ
һκʧˡ
û٣ְƵһ飬ԡ
ʱ³Ƚ϶ԵʣоԼĳ츳ˣڶξͳɹˡ
ʱ䣬ھΰ׳һСʱԷӦûûô
ʱ仹ٸΰŪȵģ
뷨ʹӱ˼ˮΰһˮ衣



271 ʿյĿ 
ˮ裬ΰ׵СҲдòˡ
ҹ֮ǰ̧һʱ䡣
ŵʮˣΰӦÿʼ˰ɡ
뵽ͽܽٺˮֱϣ˶¥
ߵ鷿ſڵʱֱӽȥΰһڳһֻš
ΰʶѭԴȥ
ŸվſڣΰײЩԷʲôҹ
߽鷿׽ΰĺ棬⽫̧ЩԷͿˡ
ΰ׼״˹һʮˣôСһɡ
ǣЦ˿֮ɫֻǰ
ĩˣЩ˿û
ΰ귭˸ۣһлл£
˳ӦáȻˣллңҲǲС
ͻȻЦӣΰײʾ֪Է϶ڴĻ⡣
Լ㱻⹷ڵɢܣΰﲻ衣
˽⣬Է֪׼ҪȥϷȫĳ顣
ǲͨˣҲӡ
ǰ죬мܲסԷ
ʱûȥϷҪڴˡ
ΰ׹Ǹ棬ëȻĸоֱǡ
ԥܾ붼롣
ĩˣΰ׾ò־˶Էһ䣺ǵС˼
ԣĵһû˵ʲô
ΰЦ˵ˣҶ֪
ΰײ˵ٻЩܡ
ûʼ¶С˼ͱΰײˡ
ʱ̫Ҳá
Щźûо²š
ס˼̷ϣӵݸΰף
ΰ˼룬ӹһȵܽԼģ
΢΢ףʵȻأ
ое㲻ˣΰ׼æ͵ֻ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ڰǰǸʮָմˮ
һᾪȺòã
ΰôһ˵ǵ㲻ɢˣʿյĿ
ΰ׵ͷͬ˳ϲҲ
˶һۣΰڴע£һܽͽ
Ϊһΰڳ֮ǰѾζٻᱻݱ׼
û뵽ܽٲѳԣһҪʤһ
ΰֱӾˡ
ѵǴ˵еġʲô㡱
˼룬ΰ׻عܽȥھȵʵңһܽ٣
š һѲɻмٵģ
ΰڨЦⲻǾ̫ˣһˮ׼
ۿҪ˵ΰײòѸתƻ⣬˵ҵ׼𣿡
ҽȥˣӦ׼
ΰ׳˳ǣ磬ɱڹؼʱ̵ӰȻһᱻȺġ
ԣĵ֤ģһ㰲׵Ҫʵڲģֱ˸ʦһ׶һ޶Σ
ΰ׾鲻Щԥʱüھ佱ʽûˡ
оΰ׵ĲĶԷֱǮʹĥ
ΰҲǣûپˡ
ҵǿ϶ܸ׼õġ
Ŀⴥһڵܽ٣ΰ׾ͼˡ
˼ڣΰ׸оеҭԱߵˮһڡ
ΰԭΪˮòƽƽζȽһ㡣
Ȳ֪һסˡ
ΰ׵ɴ۾һ뷨
²Ǳ͵͵ȥ¶ѧˣ
Ӧʵ˲١
Сͺã֪ԺǶԷˣôȽЧ
ʱ䲻ˣΰǰ˸ָ˵ˡ
ΰգգ۾еͣ
ΰ׵ԴϽ԰ɣСǻûд𣿡
ΰ׵ͷԼܽٺһˮ裬ܿͰҹԹˡ
Ϊΰ׻Ҫ죬û´ŶԷ
ΰĿ߳鷿пһתݹ
ϵΧȹڳæǰæͻģΰ׾̲סЦ
ҪЦöۣΰ׶֪Լʲôʱͣ
ƽΰʣδɵС
Լ˰Сʱΰдһ֣첲һ
ĩˣΰ׿һʱ䡣
׼ʮ㣬ûȥϴ˯
ΰʰЩҵʹ˳ȥ
صңΰ׷ڴϿ飬ЩʵôûӰడ
飬Ȼص°֮ǰˣͲüӰˡ
ΰ˼룬ƽʱڼӰ࣬ʶÿ춼ᷢ顣
ЩεСڣֲǻˣҲ۵ġ
ΰƲƲ죬һͬǰͺͻ˲ࡣ
⻰ЦŽӵûˡ
ΰ׸дСƣʱ򣬲ǰ£ȥϴˡ
£ΰ˯¾ͽԡҡ

ΰϴʱ֮ǰͼҪӣ͸о̫ܲù
Щʹΰ׾Ҫ취ȥС
һ̬ûмӰ࣬װ˯п϶ǲеˡ
ΰ˼ȥվ岻Ϊɵһ
⣬ʹԡվԡϵˮ飬˯߳ԡҡ
һֱעԡǱߵĶ
Ѹתͷȥ
ΰ߻Щˮ
Щ죬˿·һ۶֭ˮҡ
ʿˮر볢ʲôζ
ںĵʹ֮£ȵΰߵߣͰһԼ
ΰᵽΣϢʶ
˼£͸о֧ˡ
о̫ΰ׼æڣ
ԣͣ¶ͷһʵﲻ
⻰ΰ׺ȻʹԼŮӡ
ŮӣܰѴڡ
Ӳ£ΰֻܴʹ
⻰ϸһ飬ΰʹԭʲô
ǻ֣ΰ׾˵ʹ£Щ顣
׾Լ
սԿҸ㰴һ
ΰСӰİĦڣæܾˡ
оΰ׵Ŀܣûټ֣һͷ˵ȻǾϢɡ
ΪٳԵ⣬ϧˡ
ΰ֮ãȻܾ
صƵһ̣ΰװһ
Һеģûвţ治֪Ǻá



272 ͻ 
ΰ˵岻ʹ˲ͷ׼ŶԷֱ˯
ӹһٵΰ׿ˣϣܿͽ硣
֮£ɾˡ
ڻֲҵ»ݣѿԼȥĻ档
ΰʱ򣬾ͻ۾Ҫ޲޵Ŀģ·ձʪĺĻ㽿̲סԳ
ϧǣѾ˯øСƵģһжͷһͷȡ
ԽԽ̲꣬ס̾˿
Ϊ˰رһȫȫΰ׶ʶüͷ
ע⵽ˣæ³λСڡ
Ҫ֪ΰ׵ɲС
һǿˣǿ궿ˡ
뵽˼ΰ׵ıͬС˯Ƶġ
ʵ֤ȷʵá
һͰΰװˡ
״˿
飬뷨ΰһ˯ȥˡ
ڶ죬ΰײ֪ôģ֮ǰˡ
ΰ۾ãȻ
ʱǡ
˶˼룬Ȼعչȥһΰ׵ĶͷͬһͶԷкŴϺá
ΰ׸о۾еɸɵģ۾ԺصϺá
һĻȵĶҪˡ
ִչȥΰһڡ
βǶͷΰ׷۵촽
ΰǲ죬һ˵ûˢء
⻰ΰ׵Щˬʵôң
ΰƲƲ죬ĵֻԼҵӣ˿ûԼ㡣
һ⻰ˣ͵رסΰ׿ʼߵţϲɣֱо
ΰԣǺǺЦҪоҿɱȲ㡣
ۿΰҪᣬٱЩǣòѸתƻ⣬ȥˡ
ΰ׿ڣԹԵϺ⽣أϮ
תӲΰֲ񾭴ˣôܲ
öԷһεĸо
ӣûġ
ˣдƽϡ
뷨ΰɤӣע»ڣһ
ΰûо²ţڷŻԭˡ
֮ǰ뷨Ǵ㱧ΰ´һٺͶԷһ𴲵ġ
ڻ˵ȥˣֻ𴲡
ץץͷ߽ԡҡ
ϴȥ˳ʦ׼׼͡
ΰû˯⣬ڴ˼Ӿˡ
ԭһŹĵģ˵ĶûС
ΰ׼ϴһЬȥ
뵽˳ɻڳΰ׾ȥ
˭룬ֻмʦڣŵ˲Ӱ
ΰ׾Щ֣ס·Ӷһ£ȥˣ
Ӷ˵ڻ԰
ΰһĨãȻģȥ԰
Ӷ֪ô£ƻļƻֻ¶ãȻıصҾͲ֪ˡ
ĩˣӶ˵һ䣺֪Թȥ
ΰ룬аɣͻû׼ãҹȥڸʲô۶ӡ
⻰һӶҴȥɡ
˵ΰ֮ǰֻа˳ɰڸ飬ڿӶ֣ʮɵİˡ
ΰ׺«ʲôҩӶ԰ķߡ
ȥΰ׷ɲӰԵˣȷԷ
תͷŷ֣ǸӶ˲֪ʲôʱߵˡ
ټĻ԰ʣһˡ
ΰüͷﰵԲ²⡣
ⲻĶɣ
ǰΰǲġ
ڲһˣԴӺֱ֮½ƺСûʲô
ˣƤӣΰ϶Է׽Ū
ΰ׷˸ۣ׼ȥͺûеʱ򣬺Ȼоһ¡
˭ΰʶתȥ
~һõЦøɵƵġ
ע⵽õϻ¶ˮΰ׾֪ժˡ
ΰ׺ǸжϵĿࡣ
״չȥΰһڣЦŴˣõ廨ķϣǲӦøһ㽱
ΰԣЩΣҪʲô
Ǿ̭˵ĻȴΪ⣬㰡
ΰ׷ˣٺûĻ⣬ʡٱԷ嵽
ӹõ廨ΰ׾ķȥ
ôû뵽ԼҪɷ˦˸
һʱ䣬Щίʦ̫ˡ
ΰͣ½ŲɨһԵˣ˿ʵôˣ
Ȼҷķժøң⻹𣿡
ΰױЩˣԸһܵǡ
Ȼ׵ֻԷ֪ἤʲô
ͬѵˮȻ㲻
һ룬ͲµҲ̫˰ɣһ
ΰûа취ֻܰ˼׼׶Էһ¡
ˣͣʱҪһ㣬ʡöԷ̬˵¡
մȥͻȻƫԴ׵˶Էϡ
ºˣΰ뻢ڣһӾͱڻӶϢ
ϣԶԶȥһ
ڰļӶ˼״÷׷סûз
ֳCPĸо̫
ǵļΰλ˾Ҫˡ
Ҫ˵ԭ򣬾ʱɧ*̫ˣѾľˡ
ΰڽѧ˻ǰ׵
ʵ׵̫ˡ
ȵǽʱΰײɱ
ƳЦӯӯΰЩգ˶Էһȭ
ؿڣװʹţұǷġ
զһ⻰ΰ׸о쳣졣
šüһԼ˵Ļ
üһ˵Ļǻѧá
ΰﲻˬغһ
׼ڣȴоⱻ˺ݺһѡ
ٷԹԸΰƨɺߡ
˿ΰżƮζŲ߹ȥʵǲˣ
ʦͷǵġ
ΰףǾ͹ɣö
˵֮ΰ׾ͻص£˳һ
ΰȷʵˣֶʳζžֱ̿ˮ
ע⵽ˣЩЦʦô𣿲֪ĻΪŰ㡣
ĵ٩ΰ˦һ۹ȥаǸ֣һٲԶûš
üûٺΰ硣
ΪӶ˶ǵ͹ˡ
µΰ׳ͣӰԷ顣



273 װ 
Թͣϵĸ͸Ǵ˸绰
Ϊ֮ǰүֵúܽ˶Ͼϵĳ̶ȣ¶ûعլ
˿⸱̬Ҫү
үΪҳˣ˸˵ˡ
Խӵĵ绰ĸǾȡ
ǵӡĴæˣϵǵĴָÿǶ¡
뵽ĸ˹ġ
˶һۣˢˢʱ飬ҪҳǲﲻСĵ
ǻûҳ𰸣ֻʹҸʱ
̽ʵǲòãˣ
ûشֻǻһ䣺һҪæ
£Ҷϵ绰׼ȥ˾ϰࡣ
ĸɾûôˡ
ղѯǲ飬ûзϣζû
뵽׺ͷۣŻعû죬Ͱӣ
ĸüͷ˿ղŵģֲǲ֪λǸӡүսǶʱ䣬үӶƵõͷò˵ˡ
룬ʮͬصͷȷʵ
ĩˣֵȻ˵ǽǲıˣǸϽȥɡ
ĸסšһʰһ¾ͺɷǰס
ʱոմ
ͷ۾´Ьԡҡ
ƽ˯𴲡
첻֪ô£Īˡ
˹ˣﰵ
ϴ׼˸׼ͣҪˡ
ߵʱүӵԼڳȥ
ʱ䣬ΰӦ𴲲ã߸û𴲡
˭룬ȥŷѾˡ
ŹӦΰ׵뷨װӿ˵ɩӣúŶ
ΰײɵӣȻóں
ʶӦ˵Ĺΰ֪ΪʲôôСӡ
һܺõ
Ҫǵı˰ΰ׶ӣ²һλСӡ
׽һĲмΰײЩ
ΰ׼ںȥʱȴһ˿ڣҪûͻظڴȥ
ԣֱֱװܲҳߣһû͡
ϧס
װ˭ûʱÿ졣
Ϊΰ׸ϣⷽ¹๦ġ
һ۾Ϳװȡͬġ
붼û룬ֱӾܾҪ󣬡С
ôû뵽Ȼĺݵ̶ֳȡ
Լð
һ֮£׼ʼʩװಡ˵ӡ
Ȼ׼
ոձֳӣתͷԸܼңȥҽԺ
⻰һͲװȥˡ
ҪȥҽԺ飬϶ᵱ¶ڡ
״һ²⡣
ղźװİɣ
Ϊ֤²Ƿ׼ȷɫ
˵һ岻ʱжٻʹࡣ
˺üʼҲеʹ֮ɫ
ھ۵׵Ľš
ŵĶʲô
¶ڡ
»ȷװˡ
װûпתӣҪͶԷȥҽԺ塣
˼룬۵׵ľһӱŷ˼ֲˡ
һĻΰġ
岻ȥҽԺˣΪʲô˿ܣ
ΰ벻ףüͷˡ
Ȼ䣬һԺ
װģŻẦȥҽԺ¶ڰɡ
뵽ΰҪȥҽԺ
ղΪˣ˭֪ԷȻ⡣
̫ˡ
ΰ²䣬ͺͳһսߣڳһΪ㡱Աߴǻ岻ȻҪȥҽԺа
ҪԼڵС׻òס˵ĳ嶯
ͬʱڷתӣ˼βܱȥҽԺ
ûĽڣͱܼҴ˼ˣڴСȥ𣿡
ףҽϸ飬ʱ챨ϡ
ܼҵͷӦǡתͷС㣬ҪӶ˷𣿡
ҧҧǿһЦݣҺȻûˣҽԺͲȥ˰ɡ
⻰ܾˣС
˵겻ڵĻᣬ˵һ䣺ҪԼ߲ˣҾ˸Ҹܣ̧ϳ
֮⣬ǾҪˣС
ȥҽԺ壬ٲԸҲȥ
׹˼ŵ̲סʿˮ
ڶΣյıܣᡱһվ̧Ⱦܡ
ȻһմҽԺûõˣƽ˲ֻһǰ
ûܼ͸оˡ
оͣ½Ųֱ
״ϵĿ·˱Ƿ಻ûҪϹܡ
ţѵһ٣һʱίתŶԷҪǵȥҽԺһ𣿡
⻰ΰ׵ƽ㻹д¡
ڣΰԹԵҧʶġ
ɴ۾ŭҪ۾㡪
ʲô㣿ΰûᣬֱӽض˶ԷĻ
û˵ˣֻܶݺݵΰס
°ؼңҪΰ׶ĳ˼ΰǰ˵ɩӡ
ˡ
һΰקקǰ˵·
תͷ
Ŀԣΰ˿ûԼ˵ȻԸȥǾͱˡ
̧һʱ䣬ΰֵٲȥ˾Ҫˣʮ벻ǻҪ𣿡
Ƭ̣ᰰѻƳٰɣʡĸȻˣԼһڼмܲס
ʵϣ˵ǻᱻ۸
ĸɲʡ͵ĵơ
һңǿ϶ŮĻҪΰ׵鷳
ԽԽģͳ᰷ֻϢ
᰿֮һ˿ҲûС
Դʶӹ֮Ϳʼľˡ
ɹƳ٣ѹͷĽŸоɢЩ
ΰ׼״ЩЦֲСô𣿡
ұ۸ˣҿ϶İ
ʵûҪ
ȥϰɡ
쳣ᶨҪڼ㡣
ΰ׷ˣУʱ¶ƵͷϾͺá
Щ޵ʲôʱԹˣ



274 Ͼɱ 
˴˼䣬һ˿ţȴĸ
վ߷߲ƽ˺þãֱое˲Żȥ
ԭΪˣٻ㣬ʲôġ
˭룬ûǸС
ˣͳȥҶԷˡ
ӲԣٸᱻԷֱӳȥ
Ǹ͸оѼˡ
ֻЪ˸˼ʵʵɳš
Ƴΰ׺죬ȴûиһЩա
֮ǰںΰףֻܹŲɳͼΰ¡
Ȼΰ׻ûڣͻ𼱻վҪžͻظȥ
⻰һ˲䲻Ҷˣϳȥ
ʵˣջߣԼС졣
˰Сʱΰ׸оеˣϵˮԼ˱ˮ
ȹˮΰдСֻǳ壬ӦûвĲ֣˵ȥ鷿¾籾ԼŰɡ
֪ΰҪȥæϵ£ûԷȥɡ
ĿλС˶¥Ҳûţ򿪱ʼǱʼ
һߴһߵĸʱڲ֪ˡ
ȫʼ׼һ½ǵʱӶĸˡ
˫һۣ״˴֣ڨڨЦСסҽԺⷽкܴǷȱҲ֪ôˣ㿴СķϣҪƽϡ
ԣЦһصʲô˵
һ⻰͸о̫æתͷѯŮʵ˵ʲô飬ǵô
ǵԸ׳ӵĿ⣬Щ顣
֪ݱ֮ǰӦñܿ°ʱ䣬ȥΰ׵鷳
ںˣҲץԷ͸һ蹷Ƶҧš
ô˿ûѪԵϵˡ
ԽԽԭЩܿͱŭȡ
ڸĸע֮£ͬЦһʲô
ԭţʶԼĴ󣬲̬ȳϿҵظΰ׵ǸԿǲ׷Է֮ǰĶ֮١
Ц֮󣬾֪ԷûʶԼġ
ɫȻôӲҵķֺͲˡ
⻰һһˢˢס
ĸھû츳û
ǰаĸԹͶʣÿζѪ޹顣
ʵĶ֮ĸֻЪ˶Ծ̵˼ָŵķֺӡ
ͻȻ֪ǣ첻ֺˣǶϵǼҵľԴ
׻عǶһˣûҪôɡ
ղʵʵǸڹȥϣ һҴᴦ
ϧǣûϧĻᣬɫ
ȻţǾͱˡ
뵽йŴû׾ֱĻķֺҲˡ
ԴүսӮˣŻϾһá
ЩΪʲôȻΪ̵ӲɶͷöĲ״
ǵŭ׷ֺû첻˵Źɼۻ᲻ͣµ
£ֻҪر֣»˻
ǲһֺС£ǸǻֱӺԵ
Щˡɨǰѩԣȡһ¡
˭룬ĻûڣͱܼҺ˴˳ȥ
Ͳˣеŭ𳹵ױȼˣͬըҩЪ˹󺰣бҪϾɱǿˣ
ɫһ䣺ҲҪˡ
˵䲻ģЩ׷ֺˣ˵Ѫ
ԸѪǿν档
һûˣȨջж
ΰһӦæȥѯû°ɣ
ûʲôģΰһżʶסԷʾ¡
ΰԣæһ顣
ȷû˿ڣΰŰ˿
ΰ׵ǷĲ£ʵûж㶯֣
˵СΰΪ̫ˣûⷽ˵ûУҡ
ΰ׵ɴ۾һһǾȣȻ㣿
ڣΰԹԵûģǰ
֮ô˵ΰ׶֮ģӶҪһЩ
˭룬ΰ׵ĹעĪˡ
׼ΰ׵עתԼϵʱֻȻʱ˵ˡ
ֻһᰴĵ绰
绰Ϊǹ˾飬ΪʵĸĿ⣿
˼룬ĿûйϵǸʦˣڴȥǣ
ʱ䣬ھΰײμӰ佱ʣʱˣھʹ
Ӧõġʦǰΰ׵ס
ΰ׵֪ʦҪһʱ䣬Ȼ鷿ˡ
óдС׼ȱ©΢ʾȻ
ΰֻһ½Ϣ
ʦ赽ûУҿ԰æ
ΰ֪Ƿ˭Ƿ½飬Ѿרŵʦͻؾˡ
û뵽½Ȼġ
ΰ׼ֻ½һ䡣
ȷҪҰæҿԸ赽ĸ߶
ΰײʱ˷ûϣɴ½óˡšֻ
򿪵ԣϸϸһ籾ֶЩᡣ
֮֯һһӵС
ȱ©꣬ˡ
ΰգգ۾ôˣ
ʦˣҪߴ磬ȥɡ
ΰ׵ͷҪҪһף
ЦЦ˵ֲȥμӰ佱ʽ
ʵϣΰ˵ʱ򣬾ͬһʯͷҽĺ
ԽԽÿУΰײڳʱ͵͵ʦһװ
ǡýȸа佱ʽ죬Ҫȥμһ̳ݽ
ʱʹ׶Ƶϯ
ǵʱܹ飬ʦõ͵С
뷨ΰߴǵʱ䣬Լе뷨ĸ֪ʦ
ʦᣬĸ˸OKơ
ˣͻصɳţһߴδɵĹһΰס
һΰ׸оеۣ˵ɳϢ
ƳԶһŲȥԴڶԷĴϣ졣



275 ԹԣҴ 
ΰͻȻû취ֻȽʼǱԷ¡
׽ΰƣæͷѯţ岻𣿡
ΰҡҡͷûУǸղǸҲݣתתȥģۡ
֪ΰûв˿
ΰϲǿϰߡ
ҹʣҪҪ¥Ϣ
ĩˣ٩һ屻Ϳ˵ӡ
ΰԣ˹ӣһˬ˵𣿡
ΰڲʱı֣üЦǰ
⻰һͬȼյĻѵҩһӾͽǶѻҩֻΰǳɫɲŲΪԼһ㶼飡
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰֵ˲˵飡
оΰըëˣնԷظĿڣúúã㲻顣
ΰֻ꣬ءߡһû˵
״˳ŶԷëëۣˣҺ㿪Цġ
ΰżһŤͷȥԷ
ˣڲ伱½һԽԽɡ
ҪһѵԺָҪô׽Ū
뷨ΰ׳̧ȾҪ¥ݵķߡ
˼룬׷ȥһקסΰ׵ĸ첲ǼУŴˣˣ
ΰԼĸ첲Ƥ˻ȥ˵أ
ǣԼ˵ˣΰ׻Ӳˡ
Ҫ֪˵ĵĵġ
£еܲòɱ˾С
һɫΰߴ˴գ̽ʵģ
ΰ׷һЦȻ㶼ô˵ˣҪǲʲôĻǶԲ㡣
һ⻰֪Լΰõˡ
Ǹ⣬شǡ򡰲ǡΰ׶鷳
˵˾ѡǸ·һ
ʶΰ״ҪͷԷ
λСںãӾͱù
Ȼ˳ŶԷ
ȵΰˣûˡ
ΰԭΪݻ֮ŵһ˵һѺû
˭룬Ȼڳ¿ˮ̵̬
ΰ׵ɵˡ
ʵûкѵöԷ֪˵
ֱƽˣΡ
ΰҧҧһ֮ٴηźݻôйԼ鷿ҹɡ
ôû뵽ΰ׾ҹҹȨ
Ҳû˵ʲôֵĻ
벻ףɴֱѯΰףʦֻǺ㿪˸СЦҶûذɣ
Կߣΰɫ䶼û䣬Ҹˣ㲻úϧ
ŷӦΰ׿еġᡱָʲô
λСڸղԼ
ʶ㣬סΰףһŶԷһߺԹԣҴˣдҪҼƽϣòã
ΰһܲסԷ˵ĹԽԽǿ
һʱûסޱͲѷ
ΰ׼æסЦݵʱͻȻ𣺡ţҿЦˣ
ΰ⻰ɴ಻װˡ
˵ӣΰһѶԷ⡣
ΰûö˵ͺû
Ϊΰ׸ˣװ۵ӡ
ΰ׼״һЦ˳
Ƭ̣ΰסЦݣЩ̬Ȼ㲻ķϣҾͲƽˡ
ԣɤ۵ǷŻԭλ
ΰûɴ΢Թϡ
ǼδɵĹ
ʱڲ֪š
˶ûвʱʯӢӵָתʮ㡣
ܼע⵽ˣ߹ȥѯʣڿ𣿡
̧۾˿ԵˣţûУ
ΰʶӣȻСƵĵͷˡ
µԣ˵ǾͿɡ
ȥǰ¡
Ӷ˾ȥѲ˶˳һһڷڲϡ
ΰӣ׼ֱԼĴϺֻ
ʶֻĻŷӦԼġ
绰ΰС䣬ͶȥĿ⡣
ӦǺЦ
ͰŴˣΰһ
ͨ绰үӴġ
տֵʱүӵĿģ˴µĲ²⡣
ͬϡ
үӿڵĵһ仰ǣôܰǸϳȥ
Ϊ׼һ㶼ȣүүΪ£ҾÿԲˡ
үԣЩŭ
ЩѵĻû˵ڣ绰ͱҶˡ
үӵɴ۾òͣԡ
ϧԴսʧ֮öԷһ취ҲûС
ڿҪѪүӣҪö࣬ΰһԹȺڼ
һҾȻȥүӸ״Сѧ𣿡
һˣôɡ
̫ˡ
ΰ˵꣬Ǹпļʾο
ʵûʲôо
ΰΪﲻЩж
ΰ׷ǿû˵˼͵ĶԷǲɵˡ
ѯʣ㻹ðɣ
ЦЦҺܺãġ
˵ǣΰʵ̫ţļٵģ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰֵҪƭҡ
üģЩΣȻģûôױӰ졣
ȷûӰ죬ΰŷ
Թ緹ͬһȥɢ˻
ʳòˣΰ׾ͳ˳˵ӣǻȥ˯ɡ
̧һʱ䡣
ʮӾһˣȷʵˡ
˾ͻң˯ɵ׵Ĵϡ
ΰûһ˯Ȼѡ
Ҫȥ˾ϰֻ࣬ܿƵصӣ͵𴲡
˯֮ǰһûһ졣
ûãΰ׾͸оŨ񣬷·һϡ
ΰ˳Ʊ۾˯˹ȥ
˯ԼǻᴫȾģΰ׾ȵĺҲˡ
һСʱ׼ʱ׼
³ΰףDùֻصӡ
ĩˣתͷΰףԷ˯øСƵģ˿ûļŷ𴲡
ϴ˯£߳ҡ
һ¥ϹܼҾ˳㽻ԷóǱ׼裬ΰҪѵ磬ܻԶ
ܼӦáתȥ˳
Ǽߣǰ˾ᡣ
ΰһϰֻһʱ䡣
ĵ࣬ΰЩȡ
ΪԼ˯ء
Ϊ˯ˣΰԴӴ
ϴΰ߳ңȥ¥תһȦ
ŵ޵ζΰ׾ζȥ



276 ȥ° 
Ȼæš
ֹײһ𣬶ͣ
ſʲôʱ˸ˣʦû
ֱ𡰶һ𵰸ߵǸʦתȥҪѿõĵȡ
ʱȻɨſǸӰ
ƳΰˣæߴӿȡֹȥѯΰףǶ𣿡
ΰ˵ͷе㣬ʲô
ʦͷһЩ㡣
ΰЩȣôͻȻˣ
ʦԣʵϰ֮ǰ⽻ģ˵ǵ˯Ӷ
֪Ϊŵģΰ׾ϲ֮ЩСж
ʱ˲٣ǸʱúܵλΡ
ΰɢϢʦżٹʮӲãȳȥȵȣ
ΰסšһתſȥ
оΰײûʦһ
ˣΪλڶӶˣöԷȵȻᷢƢ
Һýûΰײ˵ʱ
ʵΰ׾㲻ˣҲǨŭЩ޹ˡ
ΰԹֻˡ
֪䣬ʮӾ͹ȥˡ
ΰ׻ûӦͼӶ˶ƷƷˮڷڲ輸ϡ
ǵΰ׵ְҵҪأʦЩƷʱ򣬻ûôǡ
ΰƵӣһƷͽ
һ룬ΰ׾Ҹ۾
Ǯĳʦȸոպá
ΰ׳һС飬̧һʱ䡣
׼ˣеˡ
ҪڲŸĵ㣬һָ͹ȥ
ΰ룬Ϣ
һӰء
ܲãʲôʱ°ࣿ
ٹһСʱңôˣ
ûôǳһЩζСƷȻܿˣҾͲ͹ȥˣȺúùɣٳԡ
ΰ׷ϢΪٻأͰֻϣ衣
˭룬հֻ¡
ΰײÿ֪ġ
һȻ
ʦûȤ°ࣿ
Сһ˻Ҫȥ°ࡣ
˶ѻŮӣôͲˣ
üһҪ˼ұȰ̫˰ɡ
ΰױȥģܲסĥӲݡ
ʵǷʤʹӦˡ
ǵôãƣʱҪһЩ͸ԷһЩԵģ˳
;УΰûڳСϷ
רעĳʱǸоʱŵġ
ΰڣоԼûã˾ѣǵˡ
ĩˣ˾ʣȥڳ
ΰ룬ɣö
˾Ϣ
ΰױ˸OKơ
Ϣΰ׾ͼСϷ
ʱ֪ΰײǻڴһء
˿ͣȰοԼ
ˣġ
һ㹤βװ뿪˰칫ҡ
ΰһϷɨۡ
ûΰײЩ֡
׼ϢѯôµʱһͦεӰ֮С
ΰ׸ųŶԷ˻֡
ע⵽ˣѹͷǵ㲻ˬʧˡ
˳ɤӣʼѣ˵ý°𣿡
ΰ˼룬һĨ޹ⲻ𣿡
ԣдʻص㶼ûȥôܽн°ࣿ˵ѻŮѿɲġ
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼҲɵ㣿
ڣΰԹ˵һ䣺Ҫô࣬´βˡ
һ⻰ˣ𡣡
ΰЦ̲ס㲻ò𣿡
ĿڣûУòãҲñԹ
뵽մӷæĹΰ׾ûٺͶԷƽϣóԼƷ˵㲹
˼룬λεľȣҵģ
ΰüȻأ
׽ΰеĲˬæӹǸӣллŴˡ
ʵϲƷ
ΰ״ģҶԷԱ߶ţֻӲͷƤȫꡣ
ΰص˵ͷͳֻϷ
еˣͱ۾׼һ
ΰ׼״ͽϷɾ³
ԼһСʱͣ˼ſڡ
ΰƿţ׼ȥȴԵ˻˯š
ջȥȣת˼ˣѡ
۾ΰקĸ첲˳
ʱǱѾ׼͵ˡ
һ߽ӶǾͰѲ˶˳
Ա㣬ΰ׺ͬһ㣬Яڻ԰ɢʳ
оˣһ˷䣬һϴһ顣
Ӿһȥ
תۼ䣬ȸ佱ʽȻ
Ϊ贻ˣ̥ȵʱΰ׾öԷڼҺú̥׼ȥˡ
ϯ֮ǰΰ׿Ÿõ֣ðȺ̲סп
ѹ֡Ǯʹĥ仰ӹ
Ȼ
ͣΰ׾Ź˾ıķǰ佱ľٰ㡣
췽Ѿֱ򿪣Ԥȡ
ΪΰԴӺ֮͡áԼ֮󣬻ûô֣˿ǲЩ״
ΰǵһβμӰ佱񣬲֪ܲܽ赽һ׺õ
ҪǴŹ϶ᱻӪȺġ
˿㷲СʱȺ۷ξȳΰױȺ̫
ʵ֤ǵĵĲ޵
ΰ׳ǰһ̣ǷֶԷŵȻ֪ĸƷƷġ
һʱ䣬ˢˢһ뷨
Ǿˡ
ЩӪſ϶KPIĻᡣ
ͬЩ˿ϣΰ׺̺û꣬΢Ͼ˿󳰷ˡ
ΰô£ϯ佱ȻƷƵδҲ̫˰ɡ
üһҷ˿ǻڳܲõҿ˵ɷµӣҪˣ⣿
ҪΰʲôôﶼûС
ΰҵķ˿۲۰ƽʱô
۲ʱԽԽࡣ
˿һ߿ֱһ߻Ҫ΢νǷ
΢Ϸ飬ΰλΪûֻһ֪
ᰳϯ̳Ҳûע⵽
زǱߵ˵緢ˣϵᰣ֪ô
ϾΰʱҪӵһٺݺݴǵ
ǾҪҪ۵ʱ򣬷תˡ
λְȫ򶥼ݳƷŵʦƷʾΰϴȫһ⼸ĵ֮
ϢһЩΰlow˶ɵˡ



277 ΰý 
˷׷ип
üһΰǲѣһˡ
ΰ׵ķ˿üˡ
CPΪԾ
Щ˵ྼҩĸϽͷ
ЦˣǾȻ˵ȫ򶥼ʦƷlow˴ʲô
ǵ˵ɲ
ֻע⵽ʦ˵ֵλ
λǶ١ʮסǧ򡭡
ȱϹѧ֡
ңҲϹѧֻ֪ܡ
˿Ǿ
΢ĵȻķ˿ǣΰߺ̺Ҫࡣ
òӦЩߣΰӭ˵ѯʣʦ֪һβμӽȸεĻ𣿡
ΰչʾǽǩ֣˱ʵݸС㣬ִӶԷнӹ˷磬Ҫ˵ģʵûжٵģϾһͬΧԱÿһλҵǰ
˳û飬Ƕڻȫ𣿡
һˣܾҪȥˡ
ΰ׻ӣǰǰȦ˲ʮ꣬Ȼ֪ڸڿӡ
شǡȴľȺ
ش𡰲ǡһҪ̫
£ΰѡתίһصȻΧˣ϶ڴģֻ˵׼
ʲô׼ȥˡ
ԣﰵһ䣬ΰôƵĻ
ڿûгɹһλԱֿʼߺ̺ˣֻЦЦͰΰ׷ˡ
ΰ׽ڳڹԱĴ£Լֵӡ
Ϊʵģΰ׾ȥСֻ
˭룬ŶͷͱԱ֪񼴽ʼҲҪ߶
ΰûа취ֻܶ˸ոͷ
뵽ϲһԱͬǣΰ׾쳤ĴѰ˶ԷӰ
˺þãΰʼûҵԷ
ȥǰ취ΰ׾ͶԹԱ֣˺ǰʵƽʦ𣿡
Ա˼룬¶ãȻʲô𣿡
ΰʵҺϲƷʶһ¡
ԱͷҰͬ¡
£Աתȥط
ΰĬĬŹԱ𰸡
һԱʦʦ˵屧μӰ佱ˡ
ΰ׵֪Ϣۿɼʧðɡ
ܿ죬佱ʽʼΰ׾ûж˼ȥ顣
ΰ׵һμӰ佱һж˵档
ΰ׵ʸкܿ͹ȥˡ
ԭ佱̲ûʲôر𣬺еĻһ¡
ʱһȥΰ׸оԽԽŨ˸Ƿ
Ҫ֪Ϊⳡ佱񣬽û˯
ΰᶼҪʱ̨λҪǡĻˡ
ΰ֪Լ񽱵ĿԲ󣬵ﻹǱһ˿˿ڴ
Ŭѹ⣬˵۾ԼԵþ㡣
˭룬۾ɵûԲĿɰģ˾ͷһڷ˿໽С
ݼ״Ӱʦΰһ㾵ͷ
ΰע⵽ˣʶֱͦ壬Լ̬ãҪӪų
˾һȳ˵ڴֵˣŴŷ⣬ĿƬó
λ֧˶һۣͬȸ16ǵĻǡΰף
⻰һ̨µˢˢסڹۿֱѡ
Ϊ˶֪ȸľǡǡ顣
ΰԱٶʮԱ
ΰܴ⼸ԱɱΧôܲ𾪡
и󵨵Ĳ²⡭
òˣҾġ
ΰݼٺãҲܰǰѹȥ̫ˣ
ȸˣʱȻ¡
ΰ׹ȦǰԴˣڻҪ˽
yueˣЩԱһõһΰ׾ôˡ
ΰ̨콱ʱǳըˡ
һʱ䣬ΰ׺òתֱۣ˸
ΰ׵ķ˿ôû뵽ΰ׾Ȼõ
ĵ˵֮ǰȫΪΰֻ߸ѡ
ΰ׾Ȼˣ
ǲЩɣΰǲˡ
ʵϣֹǣΰԼڻǲġ
ǰԴЦŹӣΰ׾;úпܡ
ûֻû취ϵֻܵȵ佱ȥ
ΰŽصλϣȻ֪ԼýѾֵǷꡣ
Щߵȥٱȸίᣬ˵̰ܻߡ
ٷ֪ϢЩΡ
ίǱ߳Ǳ˵ģµľΰýۡ
ʵ֤ʱǵĿǲ޵
佱֮󣬹ٷͺͽȸίϷ˳幫棬ΧǡļѡƬηų
Ϊڷ˿ϣ΢һڶѹۿ
ǶǱšҿҪôƱ硱̬ģƵ֮ˢˢĬˡ
ĲԸܣǲòϣΰ׵ݼȷʵ˿ֲĳ̶ȡ
ЩʮԱΰײû˿ѷɫʤĸо
Щΰ׹Ȧˣڸоͷˡ
һߣμӵľ̳ǰ
Ϊΰ߲Զΰ׻ؼҡ
תһ룬佱ֳ϶ܶߣóȻ֣ܻΰ鷳
Ϊΰףֻܴǰͷһлؼҡ
;У֪΢ϵ飬üͷ
ϧǣûü֣ΰ׾ʵɹΪԼϴס
ЩܣŴôҪˡ
صң뵽ΰ˽ӦøԷ칦磬ߣӽ˳
˰Сʱΰ׵ıķͣڼſڡ
ΰ߽ʱ򣬾ŵһرԵζ
ѭζȥһֻŸɹϺ
ɫ󣬹ΰӣÿˮҪˡ
Ķʶתͷȥ鿴
ΰװųſ˸ΪĹ⣬̲סЦһ¡
ΰ׹˹ӣЦʲôЦҪ־͹ĸɹϺ̫ˡ
ԣֻ˳ΰ׵Ļ˵úúãҡ
ΰ׾е㶪Ͳ˼ˡ
˼ӣŸɹϺм±߳һ߰ڷڲһ˵ţҹˡ
ΰ͵ȲˣֻΪղŵ飬ﲻѡ
Ȳ
Ѿж׼׵ΰ¾Ϳֱӿˡ
ΰϲϺӾֱɹϺ
ΪɹϺǰըϺǱִ࣬Ҫٰˡ
ΰҧһڣζֱԺ
ţǴϺ



278 
ԵϲĶΰ׸˵̲ס۾
һĻоɾ͸
һʱ䣬п
ȻҪץסһ˵ģ͵ץסһ˵θ
ҴƱΰ׵죬Է϶뿪ˡ
ζеΰײ֪Ѿںõ
ΰ˼ϺʶԼΪЩס
ͣס˼ЦЦô԰
£ΰϵĿᣬרΪ׼ģԵ㡣
ΰ˼룬׼ôණһ˳Բġ
ΰ룬ų
ԷԵñȽڲôֻżԵ㡣
ΰ׼״Щ֣Ц˵һ䣺ֲչߣҪʳء
ԣЩΣֻǲƤ
ΰͷ˸Ĺԡ
ΰ˵ľ̲סruaѶԷë׵Դ԰ɡ
ΰᵽΣյϢûٴ̼˶ԷΪ׼ҹ
һԣʱʱΰײǡ
ΰ׳Ա㣬αϴ˸ö·һֻè䡣
ע⵽ΰСӶˣһʱûסЦЦ
ΰЦ۾ɵûԲЦʲô
սԿµûʲô
˵ǣΰײ𥯶ңʹȥǰֱ˵ıǼһͣ£ģ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰֵƭҿҪġ
ʿˮʲôͷ
ʱΰɢܰţ˼ƮĳЩ顣
ΰ׿еĳͷйأ˵֮á
ϧˡ
ֻΰɤӣ鷿ҹ
̧۾Щ컵ĻһӾʧˡ
ΰ֮ǰ˵μ˰佱Ҫ飬͸оġ
Ҫͷΰ׻ңҪؿշþã
뵽æصҾǾղŵӺܿɰ
ΰüǳϸղƭҿ
ϵȻǡ
ΰԲȥʱ򣬺ȻΰЦ׼ҹķϣҾͲƽˡ
ĩˣΰӣȥϴˣ
קסΰףճԱϾȥϴ岻ãȥ䣿
ΰԣ˸Ƿסĺ
Ⲩƣûмס˿ڣúúá
õҪĴ𰸣ΰסҮһŲ˶¥
ǵԶȥӰεҡҡͷ
ţ̧ȸȥ
ΰ׽ԡ֮Է֮ǰʱԡ˯øֻСƵģе㲻ġ
˼ȥԡǽվȴλڳ
֮⣬ΰʲô£Ҳڵһʱȥ
ȻһĻΰɾͲ̫ˡ
ΰ׹˹ӣˬ֮Щ˵ǹƤҩϴ㶼Ҫճš
ݣû˿ŭ󷽳ˣǡ
ΰȫû뵽Ȼ᲻ΪԼ⡣
ΰ̲סɣԷƤǲˡ
ʵǸϲߣΰֻĬĬʾԼһﵱɴײ˺ˡ
ò˵ʾȷʵеô
ΰһͨʾͰԵˣԹϴ衣
֮ǰͶΰЩ뷨ԡҴˮܿƮ
֪˶ãˮͣ¡
˼ʶԼޱȡ
ԡǸĥ˵Ļ
̲סп
˼òײŰǹɻѹȥĬˡ䡷
˽Сʱڸоƽľ
ʱע⵽ΰôʱ仹û²Էǲ֮ǰԡ裬ž˯ȥˡ
ԡţʵţϴ𣿡
ΰһؿڻ˻һˬصͻȻôҪˣ
⻰ˣЦЦ˵Ϊ˯ˡ
ΰƲƲ죬ھͳȥʡɹġ
ԭΰ׿̫õĻû뵽ᱻԷһ
֮ãȻῪ
Լӣաһ
һ룬ԡӦ
˶˼룬ΰſ첲ת˸Ȧ˵¿Է˰ɣ
šһҪסΰףȴԷһƿ㻹ûϴء
⻰һЩίţ𣿡
ΰױ˵ǡôȻ˵ˡ
׼ҹΰ׾ЩΡ
ע£ΰ˶Էһ£˰ɣ
÷ܰ
ΰԣоҪ飬˳ʵôŲܣ
Ȳһ£Ҿûҡ
ΰЦǻǵɡ
⻰ΰ׾Ͱƿ
ûǰߣͱһק
ΰ̧۾ͶԷĿԡ
һΰ̾˿һʵ㵽
չȥȫûв˼ҡ
ΰ׷ˣֻܰ˼һ¶Է˰ɣ
˭룬Ȼл˵ֻ
ΰ׷˸޴İۣϵĿ˼ֱӣⰡҪ
дʵףôͲҪˣ
ΰǺЦЦҪ𣿡
ûŵ˲Ҫ
˽һΰײͷˣ֡
һѵˮ֮󣬾
û뵽ĺͻȻһֻֽסá
ΰ׺ȻЩڣ֪ô£ͲӦùŶԷǡ
ϧ˵ʲôˡ
ȵǽΰѾ˵ˡ
صϣΰװѱͷ׼˯
룬ûйȥԷ£˯תԡҡ
ϴΰѾ˯ˡ
صƣŵϣƿ˽ȥ
ע⵽ΰüͷ΢΢ŶԷӦ˯ǰ鲻òŻ
Щ
ΰ׾ô
ΰ˯ˣҲû취ʡ
ڡ첲§Լﰵ
ΰײǺƫҪŶԷ˯
ûãҲ˯˹ȥ
ڶ죬ΰڶӵĿġ
ùڴͷϵֻһ
룬ʮһˣѹᱻѡ
ƳԱߵλÿտҲΰ׾һ´
û£ΰ׾ͿжϳѾжʱˡ



279 
⣬Ӧϰࡣ
ΰ׶żͷ
˸ĹǷƿ´ԡȥ
ϴΰ׸оӶ¥ҵԵĵһ档
Ͼھ°ؼһһʱ䡣
ٳԶͶιȥˡ
šͥҽ鷳뷨ΰײĴҴ¥
ĿⴥϷһװõΣųʲôΰ׼æȥ
ΰȲҧڣע⵽Ա߻һű
һġ
Ŵˣ칤ϵе࣬㲻õһȥ緹ˣڹ˾ԵС
ΰü̧ȥ
ʱʦѾʼ׼緹
Ųſĳʦתͷ
ΰվſڣʦ˼룬ЩѯʶԷʲô𣿡
ΰ˯̫ˣеᣬſص鷳ǰ緹ãҪȥ˾Ǳߡ
ʦæͷõġ
ͬʱﰵпλǹġ
ΰײ֪ԷЩƣ齻ȥͻ˿
ȥ԰ժΰԼ춼ȥ˾̽Էˣʽһ㡣
ȥ԰˼Ȧ
գĿһƬɫõ档
ԴͱԽԽɧɫõ÷϶Էʡ
Բһյɫõı飬ΰ̲סЦ
ܼҺͻ״ཻһ񣬺ãȻ
ΰע⵽˵ı飬սԿסЦݡ
ĩˣɤӣ֦õߣ鷳һ¹ߡ
Ӧˡáܴȥ˴䣬Źص԰һߴһ˵ƽʱõĹ߶ˣʲôҪģȡͺá
ΰ׵ͷѡһ޼֦ļ
ѡõʱΰΪ֦ѡ֢
ᣬΰѡˡš֡
ڻԵ״̬Է϶ϲþáĺ塣
ΰ׼˾֦õãǱҲ׼緹
¾㱸ΰһ緹һֱõ廨ˡ
ȥŵʱΰŴױϳԼʵʵƿȥ
ҵǣ֮ǰ¼ָƣԳԷר¥
һ·ͨ˶㣬ΰժñӺͿ֡
Ϊ˺ܶ飬ΰѾ·
ᳵ·ȥܲð칫ңһûֱӽȥ
˭룬׼ͻȻ֮ʣȻƳ˹
Ҫкΰ׼æ˸Ҫơ
ᣬߵĻ
СҪΣ㱨ɣҲʲôҪϢ
ߺΰջߣ͵칫˾һֽС
ΰԭΪͻȻ£ٺãٻǻᱻŵ
û뵽ôɽ
ֵ䶼ġ
ΰ˼룬ϵĿɻ
˹ˣôһûУ
ΰƲѵʱڸ˴𰸣Сǻᷴġ
һ̣Ҿע⵽ˡ
´ңǵòغһ㡣
ΰԣʶԼղŵΪܴεýָͷַӿ۳һǱ
׽Ц⣬ΰ֮࣬Щŭ
һֱ֨ǵſ
ΰԽԽصءߡһʾŭ
״Լٲ˳ΰ׵ëëһۣԷҪըëˡ
æ߹ȥסΰ׺Ҵˡ
ΰ׺üһĴˣ
ʱĥȻǰΪͼ˵ԼĶˣӦ֮ǰ㡣
ΰ׻Ǻ⣬ֵӦЦ㡣
ΰ˵ú
ۿҪԼͷϣæ⣺ⲻǵ˵̫ͳ˵̬ȷܡ
ע⵽ΰһŲͺһֱõ壬ѸٽתƵŴˣôͷˣһõ廨
ôһʣΰײԼĿġ
õ廨һ
ע£ΰʮֵڣûôڼġ
ڴţԼλС˵
⣿
̫ˡ
Щˡ
תһ룬ΰԸͷõ廨֮ǰѾнˡ
ܶΰҪ̫ߡ
Ұο˹һֻ֣ΰеĲͺС
ΪΰǸͷ
򿪸Ӳŷ֣˷ݵ
̧۾ʦҲûԷ
ΰ׵ͷܾ𣿡
ʵе㣬Ϊڼҳˣٸ͹
ȵӣΰƲƲ죬Щ⻰˵Һûġ
оΰЩãæϵûУֻǵľȡ
Ϊ˱ΰ׾²ţһת˵£ΪʲôҪͷɫõ廨
˵ΰȤ㲻ɫ𣿡
һӦΰưˡ
ɫĺ䣿
Ҫѯΰǲ˵˵ʱ򣬶ԷͻȻ˶ܣûưû
¾ˣѿڶҺͷɫˣ
ΰдʻصԽԽɧˡ
ҪȴֶⷢԷ˵ĺܶԡ
ΰ׸֮ȷʵ·һȥˡ
ΰ׷Լ˵꣬ûзһ˳˼֮Уﲻɻ
˽⣬Էɲǲ˰
ΰһãȻ
عΰ׿ڴƽ֣ԷɣٲԾҪˡ
΢΢ףͬ㽫;һһúá
ΰײ˼ţͰѲͺĲóڷϡ
ΰ׵ļ룬ܿȫŪˡ
Է֮ǰΰԼյϢͺһ죺⣬ٹҾҪˡ
ôͻȻ
ΰһ߼вһ߻صͻȻҶüԤˡ
ĩˣΰüʵôʱ仹û׼
ûлش𣬶һѯΰףӰǲҪȵӾϸ񣿡
ΰײ֪ôӴһ˵ȷʵġ
üͷһȥ̽𣿡
ΰ룬ӦܵģĵӰҪȥüط֮ǰĵӾ̶
ûǴ⼸طǰѻˡ
㹤æʵʵŰɡ
⻰һ˲ûθڣ궼ˡ
ʱֻһ¡
ΰϾˣҪؿշˣ
뵽о͹ʱԹֱ졣
һĻΰȫͷԣö˶˵ķʲôĲ˿ܺó԰
⻰ﲻ֪Թ˳Էб𣿡



280 Ǻ 
ΰ׾ЩЦôóԵİǰֻǲǺ𣿡
ѵﻹȲһٷ𣿡Թ
ǰɣǰɣʳĴ׶Ҫ԰ɣΰ׹
ΰԭΪ˵ϣٻ㡣
˭룬ûпһ䱾
һߵΰ׸ǰסԷ͵ز˼¡
Ϊȫ̲գգ۵Ĺΰûκ׼ⷴӦ
عѾ
о⣬ΰе㲻ƿ
͸Ƶģ̵ľʹˣԷ˿
ΰ׷ˣһʵ㵽
ĩˣΰǿҺöʲôµҳԱ˵вУ
һ⻰˾֮С
գΪΰףòЪս
ΰ׼״һ
ҺûţǼ⣬ٷûˡ
ָж֮ΰ׿ͷģʽ
ٵңҲܶԼڡ
̫ˡ
ΰһ߳һﰵп
֪ᷢչͲӦøͷ
ںˣûи׵سĪеĴס
ΰԽԽøЦһʱûסЦ
һ룬ΰ׾Ϊ¸ۡ
ܵȥȵᶼˣһɻĸо
״һ߸ΰĺһߵֽôˣôǺԼ
ΰΪԼ⣬ȴָ˵
ȵ۾ˣ۵ĸоֶ˼֡
ΰײӣЩѵĻ˵ˡ
̾˿ĬĬΰײڽëϵ飬ŵʵȥҽԺ
ΰ׿ȵòˣһ⻰æڰ֣ʾܾ
ҪΪԭȥҽԺȥָᱻЦʲô
ΰ׹Ǹεýָͷַӿ۳һǱĽࡣ
ʱһ飺Ĳã
ΰɤӣżɳƣģҾûעŻǺûд󰭡
ΰϲǿЩеʵԣ˼Ƭ̼ȰȥҽԺһ±ȽϺá
ΰԣ֮ЩЦãڣҾǺһ¡
Ϊ϶ΰ׳ǿɲŶԷû¡
˾ˡ
Σΰ׸о춼Ҫ˵ˣ֮ⷳǰ˲١
ڿȷΰû˵ѡ
ΰʮӣٺȼƶȥɽˡ
£ûټ֮ǰ뷨
ˣΰǹĵĸоʧˡ
ղŵһڣΰײٳô죬̻תΪϸʡ
ųţΰ׷ʱʱҪ̧ۣ۾ѯʶԷ㲻úóԷҸ
ҵǺˡ
ΰΣղǸ⣬OK
ڣΰֵϽұǺˡ
˳ǣЦֲЦҾ
ΰװ١ءġʡһۣˡ
ףϹԹԴӦˣõġ
ʵϣܼǺܾá
ΰΪ棬ûٶ
Թ緹ΰ׸оӳŵеȥ䡣
ǵ칫¥һСľͻᱻϳΰԥˡ
״һӦΰ⣬ʹչȥʵʦôˣ
ΰЩ˼ȥ䣬ˡ
ԣ̧ʱ䡣
һ㻹мӡ
ʱ㣬ǲݾ׼ݣԷĳȥ䡣
𣿡
Ҹ̫ͻȻΰе㲻š
šһһȥ
ΰ׾ܾˣԼ䣬㲻ǻйûꣿúøɻɡ
ֵģзļȽżֻΰ׳ȥ
ֱǵӰʧ߷Χջߡ
ΰ뿪칫Һ󣬾Ϲ䡣
Ϊ˵ԱϢΰ׵ĵӾʹֺñӶû
źܴΰ׹һȦСʱȥˡ
ΰ׸оʳòˣʱȥˡ
뷨ΰᳵ·ܲð칫ȥ
ߵſڣͼ飬ŭ˳
ΰ˼룬߽ʵʲô
üģ¶ַ꣬ҲҪƽ֮ǰ飬ûӦͳһܡ
һܣΰ΢΢ſǾȡ
ȻҸܣ
˰²ú
ΰⲻˡ
գֻܰԭΪǳţ»
ΰ׸пˣע⵽ɫЩѿȥԷ̫Ѩ
ͷΰ׸Ħ
ӹΰ׿ڴƽоõ𣿡
۾ΰһЦݣöˣллŴˡ
ΰ첲§ס°ʹڶԷͷ˵ȻҲ֪ղŷʲôԶվһߡ
ڣΰȰ㹤ѾˣЩ޹ؽҪ˻¡
קԼǸж֪ˣСܼš
ΰ׹ǣ˯룬еˣҪҪһϢ
æӦá
˾ͽ˷˯
ΰһѾûڡ
һ´
û¶ȣ֪Ѿ𴲺ܾˡ
֮ǰֱӿųȥڸ㱨ڿᣬΰ׾ȿһ͵͵۲
ȷϰ칫ûڣΰŷ˳ȥ
ʱнŲתͷȥ
ĿԣЦûУ
ΰӣе㣬ʲôʱ°ࣿ
һ߹صһ߻صڡ
ĩˣʣؼҳԻǳȥԣ
ΰԣ˺һŵȥ԰ɣеտ
ѧУмҴŵرóԣҪҪȥʵʩ
ԲߣǳԵҲԡ
ڳԵⷽ棬ϲܾΰףȻҲ⡣
ݳȥ۶ӰѧԺϲ·ΰǣߡ
һƵССԵȻӳ
תͷЩʵθãȷ˲᲻
ΰؿڣģֲǲģûô
ΰ׵֤Ի£ŸŶԷ߽Ǽĵ̡
Ϊѧܶ࣬ѧ
֮⣬һЩϰ塣
װĵվڵ棬ر롣
ڴһзΰףûôͻأˡ
ΰ˸ѡ˵ӣƳﲻ͹ȥѯû°ɣ
ҡͷû£ǵһ̫ϰߡ
ΰקסĸ첲˵ѡˣǼҵտóԵġ
ΪΰɨˣֻøڶԷ棬ʱʱѡԽܵĲˡ
ѡò֮ΰᳵ·ҵϰ壬ӵݸԷ
ûֵطһж˵档



281 ŵ 
ǵ˻бϳķգΰ׾ϰ忾֮
Ƴʴӵӣΰ׸оΪ֧첲ԷʵҪسϵң
붼û;ܾˣ㡣
ΰԣЩЦ磬㶼ʮˣ꣬ôճ𣿡
쳣ᶨصڡ
ΰû취ֻ
˽⣬ȰȥܻǵöԷˡ
һɲмܵסġ
ⷢӣûǩɥȨԼĳΰ׾͸о̲ס˸¡
ע⵽ˣһĨɻ󣬡䣿
ΰ׽촩Ĳ١
˵ΰӦò䵽²Ŷԡ
ôˣʲôΰ׾
˼⣬ɴʵôˣ
ΰײܽ뷨˵˸ɣûôֻʶ¡
˵ǣʵ̫š
Ϊΰ˵⻰ʱ˼¡
֮⣬ΰȫûкӡ
״̬µΰףӡ
ԽԽòԾ
ǹĿ˺ܶ࣬Ǹʺ۵ĵط
£ֻܰסǻɻ׼صΰô¡
Ͳ׷ʡ
ΰ׼״ΪԼŪȥˣһ
Ҫʣ治ֱ֪ʲôɱȽϺá
ΪҴŵܺãΰ׵˽СʱõԼտСϺ
ǰΰ俴ơƣȻеζѯԵˣҪҪȵ㣿
ڰ֣Ҫ
˵겻ΰ׿ڣĳȰٺȵƣԸβá
ΰƲƲ죬ЩֲȾƣֻżСˡ
ʮȰ˵ȥΰ׿϶᲻ˡ
ΰȥһöԷٺȵ㡣
ˣûֹΰס
ΰ֪Ϊãݹעֻܷ̫ƿơƶѡ
տơ˳ΰЦ۾ˡ
״һʵˣ
ΰ׵ͷǰԴұҵһҾͺлԵҴŵ
ǰѧУǻ¾ͻȥһ١
Һ˵Ҵŵϰվˡ
Ҫǲţ³֪ˡ
ΰ׵Ĳͣ£ڴŵϰղ˺ġ
ʵ滹һԭ򣬾Ǵտ̫ˡ
ûŹζ
صңΰտ˲óԣ˷Žһóȥ
տζ̫ˣΰ͵һڸп㰡~
⻰Цè
ΰײΪʼ磬ֲǵһ֪Ҳ
죬ΰ׸оˮҪˣûٺûĻ⣬һţ
ΰ꣬һ
״ΰԷǻΪ̫ԼǺĻ棬˵һ䣺ԡ
ΰͣ¶ڴ֪ˡ
ʱʲôûԣǲ⡣
ôտǰȻס
հ
ΰתһ룬е
Ҫ֪СǽʳƽʱûӴŵĶԥҲ֡
ΪԥΰץһԷԼࣺԡ
ĩˣΰⲹһ䣺İɣԲ˵ġ
˼룬üۼĴ˼ԥ
˵ģڶԴŵĶС
ĴŵĶɾֺ澿տжóԣΰ
һᣬ˿Ǵͽ
û֮ǰΪкصĵζ
һڲŷ֣ŵϰȷʵе㶫
еϲ٣ǲûôء
ǣϲûڸסеζһǡô㿾øոպá
һֻϣһֻ
߳Աߵͷϲ֪¶֮ɫ
һĻΰο
ҲǿԳ˼̻
Ŀⴥϵƿơƣΰֿʼơƣտˬ
ûԹϣΰ׸ƼտôóԣơӦҲ
ܿͽ
ò˵ΰڳԵⷽȷʵо
һơƣһţԣˬֱǡ
һʱ䣬Ϊΰ׼Ҷж嵭ˡ
һ߳ſһߺȾƣʱʱٷνǳԵ൱ˡ
ʱƣϵĿԽԽ٣˵ĶҲԽԽ
ڷ棬ΰױȲһձ
ͬһ㣬ʣµʳԵ
ʱΰ۾ϣŵ̲ס˸ö
ʶչȥʵˣ
ΰ׵ͷԲĶӻصǵġ
ڣΰֵҸоŵеܡ
ӿʣµĶҲеţһȥɢɢ
ΰд⣬Ȼܾ
˾ȥ˻԰һɢһ졣
·Ƭɫõ廨ʱΰ̲סͣ½ŲȤõ廨ժģҾóʡ
ϲɫΰôᶨΪɫʺûͶԷ硣
ֻǼ޹ؽҪС¡
ΰ׷Լ˵꣬ûԤըë;û˼
ΪĲϣΰ׽ûٿĬĬɢ
״̬˼ӣֱо̫
оΰº̫ߣΪŪô£ڴƽ֣Ŵˣôˣ
ΰɫصûôеۡ
̫⣬ƽʱڻ԰ʮӵˣڲ߼ͺˡ
ҲûڹΰףԷôһ屻Ϳ˵ӡ
벻ףΰײ˵û֮ǰ׷ȥ˳ƻһ䣺ǾͲˡ
ΰױͨ仰Լˣ
û뵽˲ʵʱʣڸֱֲ
ΰԽԽߡ
˿ΰֱ˵ɳϣͳֻ׼Ϸ
ʱΰ׸оԵλðȥˡ
µ˭ѾԶ
ûдԹԴҫ
˵ʱ򣬾ӦöüͷˣԼ΢һ¡
ȻƥһţС£ܲžˣ֧Ԯ֪źš
ΰױҲû棬ĶѣӮŹ֡
ˮըһ̣ΰֶ˼֡
ΰײаֿһϷ
˳˼ΰÿѶͷЩ
һֱڰй۲ע⵽ͺΰҰ㣿
ΰ̧۾ʵʲôλ



282 Ϸ 
ʵûжλ
ΰԣף١ءڡ̡һۣ˵ʲô
ǣϴѧǻӢˣϷࡣ
֪йľΰײЩЩȡ
ǰһֱǳڹ޷԰ε
˭룬˾ȻҲͨһϷ
ΰ׾ȹϵĿ˼ֻɣļٵģôоƭҡ
̾˿Σƭûô
ΰ룬Ҳǡ
⼸Ѿ˴ͷˣٲҲȥ
ΰ׽ֻݸ
ΪóʱûϷˣһֲˡ
1-11-1ս൱ѿˣѸٱˡ
ΰ׿˺ű۷ˣ֮໹һʵва
ڣΰ˵һ䣺սԼء˵ֻ
ʶ㿪ٸһλᣬҿ϶øMVP
ΰԣǻ˵flagȻֱס
ΪսΣֱΰôһʤĵȼ
ΰ׳ɵĿУһµϷ
һټƥ䵽ĶѲһ֮ǰƣϷ¸ɱ
Σֵΰˡ
Ȼΰ׸Ļ𾪡
ô벻ȻĻ棬һôá
֪һ֣ӦöԷλŶԡ
ΰź֮ʣߺͶϣŷֶӾͰѶԷˮˡ
ͷ˱ϷMVP
ջǵĵ֮ΰֻԷûƭɡ
ڻеĵ⣬ΰ׸ˣͺӦǡ
ԭΪΰ׿ֵôʣôŶһ䡣
˭룬ΰײûû
˹ˡ
ΰ׿MVPʱ򣬻ͦš
˼⣬ɴԼչȥҪ佱ŴˣҰMVP㶼ÿҰɡ
ΰ⻰ܵػ˾䣺㣬˰ɣ
ڿߣУδ̫ˡ
ΰûа취ֻܰ˼һζֲʧò΢ЦԷĴֶָޣ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰ׾Թʵ𣿡
ԣֱΰ׵۾Ƥ˻ȥ𣿡
ΰͷװصҾÿˡ
ΰһô족ӣˡ
ǼʶˣλСжˣ
Ĭ֮ʣΰ׸оԽԽΣͲˡ
ΰ׾ԡϴ衱Ϊɣһ̶˸ûӰ
عʮεҡҡͷ
ˣģ˼Ҳû취
ΰϴɳϣ𴵷Ͳԡҡ
˵ģһԲرš
ղŲҪӣΰ׾͸оͷƤ顣
˽⣬ԷɲǺô򷢵ġ
Ҫľ²ţǲܺú˯ˡ
ΰԽԽţͷû˼ˡ
Ϊڷתӣ˼ν·ƪ
ΰ׳ͷҪͺ˵ʱ򣬺Ȼ˽̸
տʼΰΪԼ̫ǳ˻ûзϡ
ʱƣ̸ûʧ֮ǰ˲١
ΰԥ˼룬ջǾſʲôԥw
Ļᱻֻ֣һ
ڴ绰黹еӣΰ׾ͨ绰˳ɺ͹ϵйء
ͨ绰ʹ˳ȥ
ΰ׼״Ħ°˼һ
֮ǰƲӦҪȥ鷿
뵽ΰ׼æͷ𼱻˳ȥ
ΰƿӣ׼ȥװ˯ʱͻȻˡ
Ŀԣΰ׳˳ǣΡ
üЦ˵һ䣺ˣͳˣ
С˼𴩣ΰεýָͷ
֪ͲӦôͷɵϺˡ
о˵ʲôΡ
ΰ׼ᣬɴʲô˵ˣֱɵϣһҪϢӡ
һĻǺǺЦ
ûж˵ȥ£ֱŴϵˡ
ٶñͽŵΰ׸ӽˡ
ûãΰ׾мܲס۾ʵ
ɫصûš
˵ǣΰ׿˵һš
ܾڱŻ
עʱҪʹ
ΰԲһǸ棬ŵ̲סʿˮ
ΰôܰ鷭ƪʱȻ˵ˣȥϴ裬˯ɡ
ΰ˼룬۾ΪȵɵûԲ
ҪС֣Ҫ־͹Ҹ̫ͻȻʵǲš
ֱԡңΰʶղһĻԼġ
˵ټƽϣӦİ˯Ŷԡ
۾Ժ͸ֳղŵӡ
ûоǲˡ
ΰԽθԽأȫһ˿һ˯⡣
£ΰֻܸŵȴԡҳ
ò˵ȴ˸оѰ
ΰΪһͶҪȥ˵ʱ򣬿
˼ӣصƣɵһࡣ
ΰ˿չȥ̽һ䣺ǲˣ
תͷ֮ǰı飬ûС
⸱ӣΰ׾öԷ϶ˡ
ڸ֮ÿ˳ìܣ϶Щ֪롣
һ裬ΰٴѯʣûУ
ʣϣ
ΰ׼æҡҡͷȻˡ
Ѿˣϣϣûϵ
Ѹ㡣
ﰵ²˼䣬ΰɤӵȻûôң
ЦˣʦǶȸ״
ĩˣֵȷҵģȴָҲ㣬㾿ô
ΰۿɼĽҡ
Σΰ׷ԼһƬհףɴѡֹ⣬˯ɡ
˵֮ΰ׷˸
ΰô׾ͷʵǾ
ΰĻᣬöԷӦԼһЩҪ
û뵽Źһΰ׾ͷˣ
Ϊʲôΰ׾Ͳֻܶ
û취ʩչƻ
֪ô죬ɴͬΰ˵۾˯
˸֮ĵһսˡ
ﲻܣΰҲûõȥ
˵Ҫ˯ʵϸ˯ţֻǱ۾ǸţǼ尾
֪˶ãΰ׸оһеۣ뻻һ
ΰ׾ʹӲɻƽɡ
һ䣺û˯



283 ս 
£ʶǻս
̲סЦ
Ȼΰ׺ݲ
ҪҪװʲôûʱΰ׺Ȼ͵תһͷĻ
ȫ̲գ۵ĹٶȿӦ
عΰѾͬצƵģֽŲùϡ
Цһ˼»ë׵ĺס
ţĶԷĺ󱳣ǺС˯һ˯ɡ
ΰ˫۽գ͸¶Щڡ
û֨
ˣûٿ˵
ԼϰߵԵʣΰﲻã͸оһ
ӵʱ䣬͸оʶԽƮԽԶյڹĺڰС
֮£˯ٶࡣ
ΰ׾ȵĺſʼЩ˯⡣
˼ǲƮⳡս档
Ļΰһ𴲾ͻˡ
ΰ׻ο߶Ʋˡ
뵽Щͷۡ
ǰòЩ˯⣬һӾɢˡ
Լ˯ˣ̾˿
ֱ賿˯ȥ
գΰͬǰհ˯ͣźߺ۾
ΰԭΪӦȥϰˡ
ԱвԴĴһȵ塣
ΰ˼룬Դȥ
ֻͬ߿ﻹԶ׼Ĳ⣬·ѯʡΪʲôҪҡ
ʶԼղŸʲôΰʿˮЩΡ
ַؿڵʱڵһ±ͨ졣

Ȼ**ˣ
Եһ̬
϶ץ鳰Ц
ΰ׹Ǹ棬Ͻ
ϧǣĿǰ˵֮⣬ѧһûҵʺһ
ΰû취ʵԸֻջԼ֣ڨڨһЦ
Ȼΰװʲô鶼ûȴŹ
͵ΰ׸հջͻȻһ죬§
·ͻȻΰûκ׼Ӧ
عѾιţá
˫֮ɫΰ׸о²ڣͰŲ
ȥԷһָô
뵽ΰ׽ŵýë˲
ƫƫͷ͵شսʵô˵
ΰԣŵʿˮҲǹģղû˯ѡ
ǣʵԹҽڵġ
ΰױΪš
һ˵ͺ޲ȥ
ȻѲǯƣֻӲͷƤΪԼ⣺治ǹġ
Ӧúúã㲻ǹġ
оڻķܣΰͷ֮໹ЩΣֽռ˵𣿡
üʣ㲻𣿡
ΰ׿ڣԹԵǰĳʱ򡭡
ΰԭġ
Ǿôһ˵Լ顣
һʱ䣬ΰͬ˵򣬵һӾʧˡ
ۿȥǰ취ΰԿڵǸܲãҲӦʶģʱ㣬Բ𡣡
˻Ҫô
˭룬ΰ׾ȻôɴǸ
û취ⷢӰ
Ǻڣûڵһʱΰסһ
ںˣΰ̬ȰڵôӶûꡣ
ԽԽڣǷſ˻ˡ
ΰ׼״֪Լӹһ٣һ
Ϊڣΰ׻ָж֮߿ӷ´һͷԡҡ
һĻǺǺЦ
ǻ
ΰܵþȻӻ졣
ⲻ֪ΰȷʵǻᡰˡš
ΰϴѾ·ʶһ䣺Ҫȥϰࣿ
ڣΰֵڶ쵽緹ʱˡ
ΣȻǣֻǻ·
Լˣΰεشһת˵飬ʲôˣȥͳ˵һ
ڳʳ棬ûʲôҪ󣬡Ҳʳʲôҳʲô
ΰתңƵһ¥
ȥΰ׷ֳʦڴʳģץһ
ΰ˵ԼҪԵĲˣǸϲãԷˡ
ʦӦáȥɻˡ
ΰģֲǰƣɳ֡
浽ֵʱΰŲԶʶ˹ȥ
ֻһ߿һߡ
Ϊ⣬ΰ׿̫Էı顣
ֱͣڲԶΰע⵽ԷЦЦ
Լɵġ¡ΰһ飬Һӡ
״ΰԵλãЦʵҺܿ𣿡
ΰҡҡͷ¡
һЦȻΪʲôҿң
ΰ׾ü⻰˭˵Ҳҿ㣡
Ϊ֤ԼûˣΰӲͷƤֱ۾
֮⣬ΰ׻Ҫǿװ򶨣¶һ˿顣
˶˼룬ΰеĽŸǿң̲ס촽
ע⵽ˣһ
˵ΰֱ̫ˣ޵ֿ
һʱ䣬ЩԳԺҲĳЩĻ档
ȣΰȻǸо˵ġ
һô̫֪꣬仯ζʲôˡ
ΰо֮ľ롣
״ǺǺЦһʲôûɣô𣿡
ΰЦ˵˾ˡ
оȥҪ·ˣΰ׾ͱ졣
뵽ſ̫ܲȫΰһ̶ȥ˳
ΰ׵ͻȻʵ˳ʦǡ
Ϊ˵ٶ̫Żλŵüæӿٶȡ
СʱңǾͰеĲˡ
ڼΰȥλá
Ϊ˾ǱµŴûΰ֣Թ緹ˡ
ΰףڼļڡ
ȵ飬ļ¹ƶûʲôϢˡ
ΰһڻ԰ɢʳ˾ͻصҵĴţСŵ΢Թϡ
˴Сʱΰ׸о۾еˣͰֻڴͷϣĿ
ǷԹѪ㣬𴲲СʱΰףȻо⡣
ΰûʲôҪԼ֮С
Ϊ˯ˣΰһû˯̫á
ĵʱ˹
ΰϾҪˣٰѾ籾Ϥһ£ȥ鷿
鷿ʱѾࡣ
ûΰֹѵҪӰࣿ
ΰ룬Ϣ
ʱĬõ½ͻȻթʬһϢ
ʦ˵ϾҪȥĵӰˣ컹ûȥԼ



284 ȫ 
ΰʱһֱΪԴ½˵ˣԷôǷˡ
û뵽½ȻСթʬһ졣
ΰ׺ͷۡ
ΰ֪ԼòҲûǵĵز
Ҫǲʣ绰½ϾʲôֵöԷϲôá
ΰô벻ס
֮£ֻܽʱѹĵס
лᣬ½λ˺ˡ
Ϊ˲½һ˿Ļᣬΰ׼ֱ׵ؾܾԷ
Ȼ½Ҫô׷Ͳֵڡ
ΰ׾ܾ֮½Ťͷȥ˰ԷҪȥľ顣
̣½ŸոյֵĵӺͬڰˡ
Եˮ¥̨ȵ£ľΪ
Ͳˣƾΰ׳Ϧദ£öԷЩøС
ֹ۹ͷ½ˣڽҪͷΰһûΰ׶ģ˵ֻǵڶԷǰơ
϶ڽڴ½ΰƽˡ
յ½Ϣ˲õԤС
ֱ½顣
Ͼ½ļҪʽ̫ˡ
ΰԽԽ͸Ǳ߷Ϣѯ
½ǰҪΰ͸¶ҲݵϢԱͰæƭΰס
֪Լΰװ˿
ϧǣΰ˽⵽ֻһԡ
ƫƫΰ׶Դһ֪
ʱȫôûصҡ
뷢Ϣʵʱ򣬾һŲԶ
ΰʶתͷȥֻһ߳һ߽ԼԼƮŶԷϵĹ㡣
˶˼롣
ͣסŲʵôˣ
ΰ׻عɢˣЩţû¡
ȥһת˵飬ô°Щ
⻰Щȣе鵢ˣôͻȻˣ
ΰ׹˹ӣҲܹ𣿡
ԣصܡ
˼䣬ָһ¥˵ȥ·
ΰ׵ͷȥɡ
Ŀ˶¥ΰɻɳϷ
ԼӣһҾӷ
Ŀⴥɳϵˣ̲סȥĶԷ۾ã档
ΰͷϣЩͷܼŰ
Ϊΰײǵһô˵ˣﲢ޲
ǰԼһι˹
ϰΪˡ
û취һġ
ûб⣬ֱӰק
·ͻȻΰ׸Ӧ
عѾֱֱɳϣϷС˶Ҳˡ
ΰ׼״ô󺰣ǽ
ϷҪǱѾٱ군ˣ
ˣˡ
ע⵽ΰˣӣЩ顣
һСëλСˡ
ΪΰֻܴչȥҪϷˣԹҰ򡣡
ΰ׵ȵľ仰ģ
΢΢ףġ
ΰ׿ڣ˵һ䣺ˣ黹档
ΰһЦҾΪԭˡ
£ϷĽɫҲˡ
ΰû˵һ˼˵Ϸˡ
ΪϷƥĶѲ̫ΰױûдȫı£ŲӾˡ
ΰ׶Դ˲⡣
һ֮Ļǳʹһ¡
֪һ˼˵жôҪ
ΰױʹı̫ţǿŶȥˡ
ΰοΰ׵ʱӶǰѣǱѾ׼ˡ
ͰΰŶԷȥ˲¡
ΰϷܴ죬鲻Щʧ䡣
״һ߸ΰ׼вһˣ˶ٿǣҶӮ
Ȱ˵£ΰŽָɷģʽ
ΰױ߳Ա߸п˰æϺá
ͷһʱ䣬ΰ׵֮ǰǺţͰѸɷٶȷЩ
ΰ׳Եú㣬˿
Թͬһȥ԰ɢʳ
оˣΰ׾²ǻȥϷɡ
ûá
ΰԣȲק˻ȥ
Ϊ˸õعۿϷ̣ΰصؽͶӰǴˣֻͶ䵽Ļϡ
ţΰȥһЩˮڲ輸ϡ
һϵе׼ΰŻصɳϡ
֧첲ײײԵˣߴٵʼɡ
šһΰ׵˼ƥ档
Ϊô࣬Ӣ޼ѡ˺ϴһӢۡ
ΰһԣһŲݮ۾ŴĻ
ܿ죬ϷͿʼˡ
ò˵Ӻõ˴ϷƻǱȽϴġ
ΰԼϷʱȫ̺˼·ԣ˵˾Ϲ
һͨ*˼·˵൱
ѵѧԵĿ֮
գ۵Ĺΰ׿˸˫ɱһ档
ΪϷ̫ʣΰˮǳˣԼʻ档
֪ǲǸ⣬ΰ׷ÿΰϷƥ䵽ĶѶ
ֱţѵʡ
˵˶ᡣ
пΰ׾ͼϷ
ǰոͷܶ࣬ȷˣټǸֱ̿ͣͷո
ʱһͷͶ
ΰǰǿǣӮˡ
ΰ׵Ĵߴ£˵ڶϷ
Լôϣƥ䵽Ķɺܸ
ԼóӢۣͶʮӾʹ˶Էˮ
ΰһԿţ˶ˡ
ΪʲôһôϷ˿Դȫ
һ㶼ѧ
Եر
ΰ붼̲סԼ
ʤ֣ÿѶMVP֮ľˡ
ע⵽ʱ䲻ˣҴϷҲˣͰֻΰףҴչȥŴˣ𣿡
ΰ׳˳ǣˡ
šҪȡ뷨㲻׼һ㽱𣿡
ΰײʾ֪ҪʲôĽ
ܾģ뵽ܿҪˣһڼеˡ
ᣬΰҧ˵ͷʾԼӦˡ
ֻҪס
Ƽΰ׵ͷΪԷӦˣһֱŶԷ
˺һΰ׳ٳûж
ɵˣڿߣţôˣң
ΰüͷôˣˣ
дʵ㲻ǴӦҪҽ𣿡
⻰ΰ׵˵ͷǰ⣿
ĩˣΰԹԵ趼ûϴҪƨԡ
ʶ˿еĽһ˼
һΰ仰׽˹ؼʣϴ衣
ʲôĽáϴ衱
šü˼
ܿ죬һ󵨵Ĳ²ϮԺ



285  
ѵ˵
бŷϲɫ
׼֤²Ƿ׼ȷʱΰ׷·ˣһס죬ˡ
˵˻۾Զ
Ϊ̫ƲסԼΰϵĿ·ǿ⡣
ȵΰ׸оȫµĺë
ҪǳϲԣҪֱ˹ˡ
ΰһǸ棬Щš
оԽԽ֣ΰ׽ŵ߬ȭͷʶ򴽡
ΪԳٿΰΪǡǸһӾͶˡ
ΰᵽΣյϢж֮ǰһ֮ľ롣
ĩˣΰײڣ
ɫһôˣ
ʱĹΰ׾ԼƤӦóԷѡ쵶ն飬װ޹Ҫǻȡ͸ҹԹ
⻰һͣˣװʮʵӣ
ʵϣ类ĳЩĻռݡ
ΰһ˾Ҫѽջأſסˡ
ˣٴ͵ʱһҪԼزŶԵڵ̡
Ϊΰ׷¹ǣϻָƽ״̬
ò˵ݼ൱ġ
ټΰ׽Ÿлûȥû̫˼ȥֱǲϷ
ΰа
֮ǰһϴ裬ϴһʱܽϴһԧԡûϴ衣
֮⣬ϴ֮ǰԼǷ
ȷϰȫ˱ϣΰѵ·ϴ
ѾϷޣÿҪͶԷг֮Ľǻš
£ΰײ֪˶ʼʶ
֮£ϴ͸˼ѪƵģȫϴ÷ɿ졣
ҪǵĻᱻΰ輸Ӿϴꡣ
ӲŵʮӺϹصԡԣӴ˯£Ȳ˳ȥ
ѲһȦûҵΰ׵Ӱ⡣
λڵ˽⣬ûСʱǳġ
뵽ʱ䣬һҵĻ
ȥñ䣬ΰϲ޹ûҵϡ
ţ¥ˮڴͷ档
ΰ׳;Ҫˮ
ǰΰ׾ڣܾһε롣
ж׼ãΰ֮ܲǰ˰ɡ
Ϊ˱ΰҽڣ׼пܻõĶ
ûʲôĴͷڱֶŵ
ȷû©ģɳϣΰ׻
ʱһһιȥȴûĽŲ
̲סʼ˼롣
ΰײ˰ɣ
ʱ䣬ΰϴʱѾȥСʱо²ܳˡ
ۿѼӾҪˣڴôʱ䣬ȻܴӦ
𼱻ȥڿͷԡҵţţϴ𣿡
ΰʿˮסӿĽŻصһ¡
ʵϣԡݵöҪƤˡ
һֱӱʵ
ʵ֤ӱûõġ
ծⲻ׷ˡ
ΰ̾˿
˼裬ΰ׾ҧˡ
·ΰԡҵţûü˵ͱᱧ
·ͻȻΰûκ׼Ӧ
عʱѾڻ
ΰʶȴһƨɣʵ㡣
⻰ΰڵһ±ͨ죬ǲ췴
Цһǰҵˡ
ΰԣ֪Լڽˡ
ΪˣֻﰲοԼͦõġ
Լ̫ʱûбһٵԵʣֱȴ˼Ѫˡ
ػڼ飬ΰ׸оԼҪɢˡ
ΰ׸ֱ˹ȥ
ٴʱѾࡣ
ΰ׶ĻŻţҵ㶫ԡ
˭룬Ŷһ£ͳʹùȵ͸д̼һӾðˡ
ΰü飬ǿסŭ𴲡
ʱһŲԶ˹
ΰʶתͷȥ
ֻ˽
ĿԣϲŴˣˡ
ΰ׿ڣֵ緹Ѿ׼ˣұȥϴ
ΰ֪Լж̫㣬ûܾ顣
һ̣ڶԷļҧһڡ
һϵ
ΰ׼״źЩ
ΰ¥ԷѷϣͬϸװʵҪҪټӸ棿
⻰һΰ׸оԵӶ˷׷ͶĿ⣬
˾䡰áΰ׾ûٴס
֪ʲôãȻ
ղΰҧˣԷ鲻Ǻö
ô¸¥ݵĹΰֲˡ
벻ףɴչȥѯŴˣôˣ
ΰŤͷصءߡһ
ܹ㣬ҲᱻӶǵɺƵΧۡ
Լ˺ü飬ΰ׾͸ˡ
ҪҲ·ܡ
ΰԽԽˬ̲סؿһȭ
ţֻҪΰ׸ˣԷҶȭС
ϧð׼ˣΰȴûٴ
ˣΰײ˵ûʡ
뵽ΰôûʳ϶ѾˣӶȥѲ˶˹
Էڼ䣬˵࣬ҲûҴΰ׳Է
ֻΰϺʳԵòˣŵһµĹȥ
Լ˶ʮӣΰ׳Ժˡ
ֽ˲͹죬ΰ׾ֻ
״ΰ״ǵöԷֹ˺һ
ΰ׿ȥЩͷл˵
ɤӣһ£Ϊʲô𣿡
ΰƲƲ죬ûвˡ
ô˵棬ܲ˵εİɡ
Ҫ˵ˣǸΣ
ȻͲѡҲˡĸдϣ˵ûвˣҲš
ΰڴڱȽΣյ״̬һըȶԷ侲һ˵
λˡ
ΰ׹ⲻ֨ǵ˳̨
û뵽˰죬ʼûڡ
ΰױ侲ըˡ
ô£
Ա˾úǰɣ
ΰԽԽϵĿ·˻⡣
оˣеɻ
ʲôû˵ΰôˣ
ѵղʵǾ仰
뵽ʲô˵ˣʡΰ׵Ȼֱըˡ
ΰ׷Լֵԣ޶ԣˡ
Ȼ˶Ǵӣ
Ե˾Ͳϧ
ΰͬСƵġಡ



286 Ϲ 
ΰÿʱܻԼȥ
Լÿζ̫ŭԵʣΰû⡣
ΰʱʺŻʺš
ô벻ףԼǵΰˡ
Ϊ˲λС£ûô˵
˭룬Ѿϣΰ׻ˡ
Ϊ˸ô£ֱʳŴˣܸܲңΪʲô
ΰײ˵ԵԼС
ʵΰ֪ԼûҪǿƲס
е˻ڲ֪ɡ
ΰ׸п󣬿żӣȻЩθС
ˣûʲôǱŶԷˡ
ΰɫûˣղţǼ⣬¡
˵ǣ˵һš
˵ΰаٷְٵ˽⣬ǰٷ֮˾ʮеġ
ΰ׸ղǸ״̬Լϵһ֤Եɺйء
뵽֪ҵ
ΰ׿ڣԹԵ־Ҫġʲô˵Ҿû취ʱ
ΰԣ¶־ᡣ
˽⣬һԷ֪ԭʮа˾ŻᳰЦ
Ǹΰ׾εͷƤ顣
ǲ˵ʵδػš
һɲúŪȥ
ΰԼ˵ѣʮа˴ζԷʶƣͺͷۡ
˼ȥΰʼѡ
˵֮ΰ˳˼ȫûд˼еֶ˼֡
ѵвһܴף
ֳ²⣬ϸϸ˵ÿ仰
ÿ仰һ飬ʼûֲ׵ĵ㡣
Խˡ
ʱΰͻȻڣ޹أ㲻ҪϹˡ
ţܸоΰײ⣬˵顣
ΰ׼״һ
Һûپ²ţ治֪ôԲȥ
һΣʹ˽
ﻹɻӡ
׼ȵΰõʱԭ
֮ܶһҪô¡
תۼ䣬ʱΰ׽ǰһ
ΪǰѾͺü٣ΰ׾;ܾ˶ԷĽ롣
һ͵ȥҪúϢ
ǰ϶ΰ׾ҪȥüΪɣ߶Է顣
Ƚ⣬ǰԱˣֻǿͷȡһ¡
ΰ׼һͷˡ
ΰ̲סﰵÿͺˡ
ȻΰԸעҪյġ
Ϊ湦ܶĳˣĳν൱ԡ
ϧΰûж϶ᱻЩ뷨š
ϣ¹صҸΰʰ
ΰÿҪĶ࣬ʰǷǳɵġ
˰СʱңͰȫʰˡ
ΰ׵˱ˮݹȥллæ
ԣЩ˵ӦллϹ𣿡
ƺ̫ˣΰһֱڡ
˵ΰֻоĶڡ
֪ΪʲôִڡϹƺ
ÿν뽻ʱǻһ֮ͣסΪľǱϹ
ΰǸ棬Ⱦһ˿
״Щȣͺˣ
ΰ׿ڣ˵һ䣺˼ҶԽƤԽôԽԽȥˡ
ΰ׸о̵öȥ弦ˣ̲סֵһȷһ߻صƤ̫ˡ
˻˼䣬ΰƳһǽϵʯӢӡ
ŵˣȥϴˡ
ûٴ˯½ԡҡ
ϴΰ뵽ߵ𴲣ֱɵϣ׼˯ˡ
һĻЩȡ
Ҫ֪ΰƽʱǸҹèӣ϶ǰҹŻ˯

˯ô磬岻ɣ
뵽ԣ͹ȥ̽һΰ׶ͷ¶ȡ
ȷ¶ŷЩ
ʵţô˯ô磿
ΰ۾һλصɻ
֪ԭڷúúãҲˣϽ˯
ΰסšһ˯⡣
ò˵Ҵһ»еôġ
ΰ׺ܿ͸оʶԽƮԽԶյޱ޼ʵĺڰ֮С
һԣΰ׾ȵĺ𣬾֪ԷѾ˯ȥˡ
ΪĳλСڣϴ趼ûϴȥ˸ڵĿͷ
ϴȥ鷿δɵĹȻŻصҡ
ʱѾҹʮһˡ
ΰ˯շ۷۵ģ̲סЦЦ
ΰǸСƵġ
վڴһΰ׵˯ˣоеˣƿɵԷԡ
ţؽ첲ΰ䣬§Լ
ΰ׵ڶǱӳѵġ
ʱڼϢÿ춼˯Ȼѡ
ͻȻҪô磬صʱ򣬲۾
ΰ˸ĹǷùֻһʱ䡣
ʮӣʱ仹ԣ
ͶŸͷƻνԡϴ
¥˳Ǳ׼ʲôͣŻصϴ
ΰ׳Թͣͳˡ
ͬǰ׼Ȱΰȥȥ˾ϰࡣ
;Уΰ֮ǰʱʱҪȥƬ̽࣬⽻ԷͱȥˣһɳĮǱϷȥܲǱ߶ӵ
üͷһҪȥɳĮڿƼôЩȫԺںϳɡ
ΰףĵӰҪʵŻԵþͷʵ
ⲿӰҪȥģҪߵ޿ɺǡ
˵ˣҲȽϲʵ㡣
ۿȰΰףֻѡĬ
ΰΪ̫磬Ǻ׼ʱ䲹
Ҫ֪סҪһСʱңȫ˯
״ĬĬͬʱ˾Щ滺֣øΰߡ
ΰһ·˯˹ȥ
ֱʻŰ
ΰ˯㣬κȻ˴ţе
ԤϵˣİСڣٲҪˡ
⻰һΰ۾𼱻̧һۡ
־ǻʱȷʵûˣʹҴææ˳
ΰ⣬ֻͣڳĿͶԷԶȥ
ΰһ·Сܹ˰죬Ϣ;˻ϡ
Ϊ֮ǰʱʱھĴȺ죬ΰ׺ǲİܿС
ΰ׺ʹҴк׼Ъʱ򣬺Ȼ½
տʼΰΪԼ̫۳˻
ⲿӰû½Էôܻء
ֱ½ֺһ飬ѭԴȥ
Ŀⴥ½Цӯӯΰ׾ӶҪˡ
˭ܸ½Ϊʲô⣿



287 ½ 
ΰ׾ֱ
ֱоһ£γѰգգ۾
½Цΰ׸оļҪˡ
Ҫ˶ӣѧϰ磬ס½ļһ߻һʣôʱȥˣΪʲôҪǰˢڸУ
˵ģƾ½ĳͼҪʲôѻֵ
벻ף½Ϊʲôִš
һûҪɡ
ΰ׸֮ʣ½ȵЩļ
һʱûסٴοڣʦϲⲻ⣿
ΰ׳˳ǣһòЦݣȷʵͦġ
ϲûУŵġ
ƫƫûа취
Ҫֵ֪ĵӰɫ˵ֿȶΪ
˵ˣǶܶ
ܶԱΪܹõһɫνʹ
ֹǮҪʱ
ϧĻù
ΪܴҪԱʷҲûá
һɷ˵ͶʷвңһͶʷˣҵĵӰȱͶʡ
ɴ˿ɼõֵӰĽɫֹҪʵӲ㹻˷϶ԷԵ
ȱһǰ״
ΰλϧ
£ΰȻڡ֮áֱѡ˳¼ơ
ֻˣΰ׳̾˿
ͬʱĬĬϣ½ھ̫á
ȻĻ⼸¶ùˡ
Ҫǣһ֪Ϣ㲻ûҹɻϹ
ΰ׹Ǹͳ̫Ѩͻͻֱ
Ƴܶ˶߿ΰ׵ȥҪ½š
šϽѶԷߡ뷨ΰס˼˸ڣҽ磬л
½ԣɳϣԵλã˯Ұ㿴ʱ䡣
ΰױⲻ½ôһ˵Էﻢ¡
оߴĿˣΰװһ⡣
ΰ׾ôʱ򣬹㲥
Եǻˣΰһ
ҽˡ
ΰɤӣǻˣҺһ
˵֮ΰ˦һСңʾԷϽߡ
СᣬӸϽŲæΰס
˲˼䣬ͼ½׷
ΰܵýֲñֳֻʵ½ʦʲô£
½Щܴ죺û¾Ͳ㣿
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬ½˵һ䣺ǲ𣿡
ΰ˿סֱ˵ĳ嶯ȻǣûҲһ
оΰ׻͸ſܣ½Էĵִòòͻˡ
ΰײÿɷƹ½ǻڷߡ
˷ɻΰԼλϣӱ﷭֣׼
ߵˡ
ʱ½ͻȻð˳ʦܺλ𣿡
ΰ۾Ŀƿ½ʮ࣬½ʦЩѾ˵úˣȥʵû˼
½򴽣ҶʦȻԸ⣬Ǿˡ
ΰ׿ڣ½ͻˡ
ΰ׼״üͷ
ѻ˵ϣ½ôûȥӡ
ΰԽԽķüͷüֱԼӬ
ģ½ôһڣֱûˡ
ΰӲСʱֱɻ䣬Щ͵
˷ɻһ϶·
֮
һɽ
ڸûоƵֻ꣬ɽºʹⷿ
ǵִĿĵصʱӲ̫õѾ·ˡ
Ҫô󲻵Ȼƶĵط
һ޼ʵĴɽҳ׷ɵ·Լ泯Ĵ
һʾж
ΰǰӣǿ㣬ܿͽˡ
ȻЩԱԼǼͥȽף·Ҫؼҡ
ֵҲûǣֻɫ˵һ䣺ؼҿԣѡǾǡ
⻰һǼԱ׷ҳ
֮£Ϊֻõ㻷
˭룬ָףҪǻ
ͷֲ˺ã뷨ֻѹȥԼ̾ˡ
ΰ棬ĵİ
ȵȥɳĮϷЩ裿
һǸ棬ΰ׾Щ̲סЦ
ΰһЦǵ˷׷ײĿ
ҪؼǼЩҲסͼǺΰס
ΰ׸оЩѺõߣæЦݣװʲôû
Ϊʱˣһ˵ͻصԵķ١
ΰ·˯ˣôеۣϾһĳ
СҰæ̺ôûΰ߶
ΰڷһ½ǣ׼ȥϴˮ˯
˭룬ߵĻӵˮûУϴȥ¥òˮᵽϴ
ΰײ˼鷳СңֻԼȥˮ
ˮѾǰպˣҪȡ
ΰ׷һʮ֮ǰϴˡ
һ۳Ͷ٣ΰմͷ˯˹ȥ
֮£һڼҵ͹ˡ
ΰҪȥɽϷʾ֪϶ܶӡ
뵽ΰڼҵʱ޲ðѶԷţ͸ˡ
Ҳ֪ΰôˡ
ԽԽΰܿˣ޲ҹͶȥ
ֹ
ʱ㣬ӦöϢˡ
Ҳ˯ˡ
뷨۾ǿ˯⡣
ϧǣڴϷȥֱ賿û˯š
ķңɴȥ鷿͸ΰ׵Ķһ嵥
ʳסȫһ飬˼ȷû©֮ŷĻҡ
Լǵһ㣬ûôķ˯ȥˡ
ڶ죬˸磬嵥ᰣ鰲ȥ
᰼ˣѾᾪȣ侲ݵػ˸õġ͸ɻȥˡ
һߣΰҪϷ賿ױˡ
ΰǰʱ侭ѣ˽ȸǴΣνֵǷ꣬Ժܶ˶ݼôá
֮ǰȸٷųƬΣΪǼġ
ΰ׽϶¶ڵġ
뵽ݼǳҪߣǾرڴΰNGӡ
û뵽ΰݼȫ״̬ǿݶϷԱȫӲס
ǵݳ⣬ΰ΢㣬ⳡϷ˳ɡ
ʶΰ׵ݼжǿ֮ЩȫС˼ʵʵϷ
ΰ׽״̬һ϶ûNGһΣȫһ
ĵ棬Ա׷ϷΪһ
ΰͦϲƺģӦ
Ϣΰ׳鷢ĺзֻ׼ˢ΢
һֻͼʮϢ
ΰ׻ͷһرϢըãȻ



288  
ΰ׵΢ţ˵ҪͶЩͷۡ
˽⣬Էеġһ㡱Ӧͦɹ۵ġ
⣬Ӧú;ߴкˡ
Ϊ֤ԼĲǷ׼ȷΰŷʳĻᣬҵƬѯƬǲˣ
Ƭԣ˼룬һʵô֪ģ
£ƬʶԼˣϲ¶ְա
ڰСʱ֮ǰǧҪΰԼҹ顣
û뵽ΰװ״һԶ⵽
֪й¶ˣ϶Ҫˡ
뵽ƬһζʮЦʦܲܰұһܣ
ΰզһƬ˼
ϸ룬Ǹתˡ
Ƭǵ˰
ƶˣ
ΰײϲΪˣʹӦˣаɣװʲô֪
ƬԣǾϲлл
ΰ׿ڣƬ˵һ䣺ʦһϵġ
ΰЦЦԡ
˽ΰ׾ûٶתصķϢ
ͬʱΰĬĬ
ϣβ̫ĶȻҪӪŶˡ
翪ʼ֮ǰǸом˵ܲƣͲڳ
Ҫʲôǿ϶ȥӪͶ塣
ʱȺӪһ˵˵Ҫˡ
һʱ䣬ѱϱӽȦʮĴ࣬ΰ׾ͺͷۡ
ѵĺ֢
ʽʣʡ
˵ģΪԱûã̫ǲá
ڵһܸоһһ綢š
ÿ㹻ͱаǳˡ
ʱʱʱͰʾʱ빫ˣΰ׾ͳ̫Ѩͻͻֱ
ռƻ׼ǸӾߵӰǣٿǹ顣
δصȵôá
Ͼý̫ˡ
˳ĻⲿӰĵȥμӵӰڵȣҾɡ
Ҫһ㣬ȸ꣬ûޡ
ȦʮõһǵҲûС
ΰ˼ȥܸͷ֧Ʊã˸󵨵ľ
껹ûʵֶԸͷѡӣ΢Ϲˡ
ѹͷˣΰһͷˡ
̧һʱ䡣
ʮʮһϷĻнСʱ
ͲױŰСʱͺˡ
ȥʱ䣬ٿ˯һСʱ
ͷĵر۾ڱķ˯ȥ
ʱͶ͡һϵ߸
Ϊΰ׾ܵйز뺽ߣ˽˷ɻ
ƣ֪ĻΪˣȥʡ
ɻʱ򣬺Χۡ
ΰ˯С
ܿͱ󾪺ˡ
о쳣ΰ׼æ̽ͷȥ鿴ͬʱСֹһ䣺ôºˣ
ں棬ΰûȵ˸ɽ󣬾ȲӳϿȥˡ
ܶСԱͳԱΧΰеɻ
߽һͷ˾֮һ
ΰ»ʲô׵ء
Ȼܸô󶯾ֻ
ӣΰ׸оΰҪˣʶҪ㿪ǡ
Ҫô֪ΪĻ
ΰ׹Ǹ棬͸оһͣ޲û
˭룬ղת׼Էȱߡ
⻰һΰ׸оڳ˵Ŀȫۼϡ
ҪװԵ̫⣬ΰôˡ
˼裬ΰ˿תȥʵôˣ
⽻ΰƤܱ˽
Ȼղһʱż˶ͷ˾Ķ
Ҫ֪£ļȽƾҪûˡ
뵽¶ԥ˵һ䣺û¡
ΰЦˣû㺰Ҹ
ڲ֪ںãˡ
Է˵û£ԹȺҲŵġ
ټһֱûͣôһڣҪΪ˲෹̸ˡ
ΰ׷һ¶ͷЩƹˤζ˵ɡ
Ƭ״ɴԲˣʲôµȻ˵ȰѶȥɡ
ΰײΧۣƬԲΪ˵֮ãȻͶԷ̧ܡ
˵ͷʾΰ׾ͻصķϣ˯ˡ
Ĵ󣬶ԴӸ֮ʱʱ͸һϲڶľˡ
Ϸΰ׾űķصס
ʱѾǵܾˡ
˫˸棬ͷ˵ܸ׼˺ܶණھ͸װϡ
ΰ˼룬ЩƵΪʲôǵõһװôʱ䡣
ûķԿס
üһ㵹Ҫһ磬ۣ
СͷһЦڷ𣿡
ΰ׵ͷ߰ɣҴȥ
Ϊ䱾ûΰȥ֮󣬾ͻصԺˡ
ģΰ׾ͳֻ׼Ϸʱ䡣
˭룬λ̫ƫƧźŲø޷֧ҫ
ΰûа취ֻ˶Σѡ֡
ΰ״Ϸʱ½Ȼð˳ʦڸأ
ΰ׷סͷǿһò΢ЦϷ
½ڣΰֵ½ʦ𣿡
֮⣬û¾ͱǰơ
ΰԭţѾֵ㹻ˣûˣʲô˼
ƫƫ½͸ʧƵģһƨԱߵϡ
ĩˣ½ЦǺǵʲôϷ
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼ㻹ûлشҵ⡣
½һ˼ָֻ糣û¡
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬ½Թ϶Ҿ죬˳㽻һ½Ϸĸо
ΰ룬ڶˣ֪һ
½ǿǾýһֱöû°
²˼䣬ΰ̧۾һص˼Ϸˣֻ밲Ϸ
ζԣ½ܲټװ˰ɡ
ʵ֤ΰ׻̫뻯ˡ
½һ£ôһˡ
£½ǵûͬΰˣһƤ˵棬Ҳġ
ΰüͷҲϰ
½ϰģӦһ¾ͺˡ
⻰ΰЦˡ
ûƤˣû˺޳֮ˡ
²½Ǵ
ѹֹԣʿյĿ
ΰӦûţ׼Լˡ
½͸վ·ȥľ͸ĵļơ



289 ϴƵ 
ڲϲˣΰױͻΌܡ
Էٰڳôļƣΰ׾ͻӷС
½
Ҫǹ˼½ȹأֱӿˡ
֮£ΰֻŬסͷŭ𣬡½ʦûʲôµĻͲҪˡ
Ϊ˷ֹ½ٺװɵ㶣ΰֱˣ˵ù𣿡
½ԭţֻҪΰײһֱװ
һͿԺƤΰߣˢһˢڸС
û뵽ƤһܱΰףȻˣ
½ʼ˼ԼǲǱƵ̫ˡ
ۿٲߣΰ׾Ҫˣ½ֻʱЭһطˡ
²ΰ׿ڸˣ½Ըˡ
ΰ׼״һ
˵ģ½ٲţƬˡ
ôǰ½ҹ
ֵҵǣ½ȥ˻ûеɥĲĳ̶ȡ
Ŀ½¥ΰŷĵϣͳֻϷˡ
Լ˰Сʱ˵Ǹ²÷ˡ
ͷһڿȥˡʲôĵطȻԺ˵
ΰ׵ͷˣͷӼȡ
ʵϣΰ׶ǵĸڴߡ
ΪƫԶɽܹȵԴʵޡ
ܸܲӰɡ
뵽ΰײͬͥɢ¥
ΰ׽˷䣬һӦԼߴطˡ
Ϊԭģ
Ϊˣΰ˳俴һ¡
ҵƺţû
ΰֽ档
ΰһ߿һ߰ࡣ
üһѵǴ˵еĳ
䱾ֻһľƵӺӣԼһһľԵÿյġ
ǽҲֻǼ򵥹ӣããһƬ
ǲ˵ˣǼ򵥴ˮء
ȻǼĲãǽڶ˵ɫǽֽ
Ҳһľذ塣
ڵİ裬Ǵ
ľʵκʹˣȡ֮һŰɫ󴲣ɳʹʯ輸
߻һĴ̶ܴϱ֤˽ԡ
ΰ׺ȻãǿȥμӷݸĽĿˡ
ٶȣַӾ͸ˡ
ΰ׸п󣬼ߡ
Ϊԡ档
ò˵ԡҸ˾ϲ
豸ȫȻһ¡
ΰ׹ţҪǿռƷӣǿԡ׶װϡ
ˣΰһԡңͼվſڣĿڴּ֮Щ
ΰɤӣЦſڣҺ⣬лл
ԣڿԷ
ǻֵ֮ΰ׾ͰѷŹϣ׼Ƶ绰
ΰ˼飬ûӵ绰
Ǳæ
ô˾Ӧͦġ
ʵϣΰײµķǳ׼ȷ
иĿ⣬ᣬ취
ֻ֮ǰڳ棬ϢǽģʽģͲ֪ΰ׸˵绰
ᣬΰǱѾϷˡ
Ƶ绰ΰʶ
Ƶһ˾͸Ļˡ
Ȼعţڳʲô
ΰзչʾһ£ĸ쾹Ȼкռȳԣ㡣
ԣüͷ֮ǰû𣿡
ΰҡҡͷûУ׼òȫ˵㡣
൱ѰĶ
Ȼΰ׷п
ûͶȥ֮ǰΰ׹ľʲôӣ
ԽüͷԽ
һĻΰֺ棬빤ϵ𣿡
ϵǣǱߵжࡣ
ΰԣһĸоʵ˵û˹֮ǰȷʵеࡣ
̫ƫƧˣˮ·ûУ˵չá
˺С˼ȫȥˡ
ԣ֮һˮ·
뷨ܺãõȽˣھϵصظˣǾ·
ΰ׵أǴ˵еİԵܲ𣿡
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰֵǮ̫ˡ
ЦЦ͵ΪһЩˡ
ΰףҪǻϺòãֻ˳ġ
ɤӣһ˵Ȼÿ궼ƶеӦеΣ㣬עⲻط
֮⣬Ҫ·󲿷Ϊΰס
ΰײɵӣȻʲô˼
ѾϰʱʱͶʰһ⣬ΰǸжˡ
ΰ˿صлл
յһΰ׵ĶͷֲΪлң㡣
ΰЦЦΣлûġ
˼䣬ΰ׵ķ˲óԣȳԷɣҲʰһ׼ؼˡ
ΰӦáҶϵ绰Է
˺ķˣΰŶӴ˸ö׼¥Ȧʳ
תһ룬Ҫ;½Էֻ
ʱҪô˦鹷ƤҩǸܴ⡣
ΰ׾ʹ˳ȥɢͷ
ڷ̫С߶͸ɴǽվ
ֻҪֱţͲ׷֡
վСʱΰ׸оһϷ϶ǻҳ˯½ԡҡ
ΰڼҵʱϲ裬һƣ¡
ϧǣ衣
£ΰֻѡӳϴʱ䣬ˮȥԼƣС
ϴΰһ߲ͷһƿԡųȥ
ڴͷʱȻرڼϢӡ
Ϊÿϴ裬ֻҪпնͷ
أǿʲôøɡ
Խ˵Խˡ
ΰ׹˹ӣһơ
ͷΰûҪϷۣɴֱɵϡ
ȻӲʱ˯
֮£ΰȻϷ
˼֣ΰ׿һʱ䡣
Ƶ绰ѾȥСʱԷӦûص˰ɡ
ʱ֮ǰĵ绰ˡ
뷨ΰ׷־͸˹ȥ
Ϊȴʱе㳤ΰΪ˽ˡ
˭룬ҵǰһ룬Ǳ߽
ӳ״µİ˿鸹滹ˮ飬Եøˡ
ΰ˼룬ʵϴ裿
ף糣԰Ⱦ˲ˣϴһͽӵ绰ˡ
ĿⴥĳĲλΰڵһ±ͨ죬ûѣ·ܵγѪ㣬ֱӺ˵һͺʲô绰ѽ
εЦЦⶼΪ˭
ΰ׿ڣ˵һ䣺㲻ϲҵĸ𣿡
С˼˴ΰǺΣ߳ŭ˭ϲĸˣҪ



290  
֪ΰƤûټŪԷ
һЦͷΰ治ˣǼ֥鶪ϡ
æһתŴˣ㻹û˵ʲô¡
ӲΰȻ֪תƻ⡣
ΰ׵εʱ򣬶Ϊ֮ãȻ𴩶Է
ΰսԿҾ˯֮ǰû¸ɣ졣
ڣΰСֹһ䣺˭֪֪ϴ衣
û壬ʶʵʲô
ΰԣЦЦû˵
ǺǺЦʦȻұ鳤꣬һûеۻ軨ĳ̶ȡ
֮⣬ΰû˵֪ġ
˵ģΰʵʵ˵ˣϹݣһ׷ȥ
ΰ㣬ڼ̶ĺ棬ҪԷ˵ʲô
šɰʵס뷨һΰס
ΰûش⣬ֻһ䣺Ͻϴ裬ҹˡ
ûüڣĻͺڵˡ
ţԶ˳Ƶ绰Ķ档
ΰĶӵӣεҡҡͷ
ΰƤ污
ϴϴһ룬øΰ״绰ֻʱֻרϴ
һߣΰԴӹҶϵ绰ζֽŵĸоźЩ
뵽ϴпΰײʿˮ
ԵΪǿꡣ
ҹ֮ǰһ⡣
ΰĦ°ͣӵתȦһԺ
ˣ԰ֻصһ˰ˡ
ΰԽԽ취
ػ֮ǰΰ׿ǵͨĵ绰żСҷһϢ
Сң㣬ôͨҵĵ绰˵Ѿ˯ˡ
õġ
յСһصϢΰŷĹػ
Ȼΰ׹ػ֮һҪ顣
ֻˣڽСʱʱҪʲôʱ䡣
˼ȥΰʵҲĶɴ´˾籾صϱ켸Ϸ̨ʡ
ʵΰ׶籾Ѿ൱Ϥˡ
籾˵ܹǱ߰˰˻ǿԵġ
СʱȥΰײԼ̨ʱù죬ѺݶϷһˡ
˯ǰΰĺܴ룬ҪǸԱ̨ʲʾԷ
ĹԵʣΰ׷¾籾һ˲оˡ
һ۾ͳ˯˹ȥ
֮£ܶˡ
Ϊΰףû˿⣬˼ѪƵȡ
֪ĻΪ˷ܼء
Ϊΰ׹ػˣһֱϵϣЩġ
ۿʱһȥΰǱǹػ״̬ľͳԽԽ͡
ΰ׳£ȥʶԷ
СյϢʱΰˡ
ʲôһ
п˼䣬СҾͰΰ׽ĻϢ
֪ΰ׹ػԭ˯ˣһ
Һֻ˯£ǳʲô¡
ǵˣЩˡ
պΰ˵ҲصĴƣ۾˯
ڶ죬ΰӵٻ
һ˼ӣŲ鲻Ը۾
ϴΰ׻·
һֻСվ⣬
ΰ˼룬ȫʵͣ
Сҵͷһһ߻ش⣺ԵģСͼĸ
ΰ׺ԥѡ񣬡С
СԣСݸΰףһڵĶ̡
ΰ׳ԹͣϱķǰƬ
ȥΰŻױʦױʱȻƳһĨϤӰ

ΰһʼΪԼۻˣûϡ
ֱϤΰȷǰһвǻþ
λĴСôֵط
ΰ䣬ҪϷʱ۾ΪȵɵûԲ
ȻҪϷ
ǿڿƲԱҵ
У֪֪£
ΰԽԽףæ˸绰
Ǳһͨΰ˵ˣ֪ʲô磬Ȼˡ
ԼûĽ鷳ˣ
ΰʵûУе㵣ġ
ֻӴ̶죬ݵʱԸоԷı¡
Ƭûסڽļ£ͱһ찲ӡ
뷨ΰƲĲࡣ
֮ϷһΪԼ츳ܹ׾ٵзⷢȣƾԼı£ѹΰס
һΰȦĿڱͻỵ
ʱ˱ϣܰΰײȵȥˡ
ⲻ֪ЩȫǱʣµģΰȫƾˡ
С̴ú죬ΰ׽Ϣ֪֮ȥϵүӣöԷܹ
ȻԹܹλ֪ߵغá
ү˵꣬ȥϵĸ
ֺͣѾŵˣٽӵĵ绰ûͷһ
Ҫջʲôɣ
˲Լͬ
֪ͨ绰Ŀģǹ̺ܽŮ˽һãȻ
ʱ䰲ؼʲôûɰ
˵Ҫȥһ£Ҫܽ
о˵ãȻĽ͵ȥΣȥϷˡ
⻰ĸըˡ
˳ڸͥԱЦˡ
ȥϷֱ׵ϱQ
²ߴ٣ĸͼ˶Ʊ׼ȥ
ʱƬű飬̵ԼһߺΡ
ⲻֿ֪ͷۡ
Ҫվңָ
ܸԷһСɫѾò
Լ˰СʱһϷԱȫϺױˣ־׼ġ
ҪʱȻ첲ĻҵϷڵڼ
ԣס˵ĳ嶯ӻصͳǹܵġ
ȻĵǵݣӦ𣿡
ֲʱ˷޹ؽҪϣ͸ʹɫʾԷȥ˺ߡ
ᣬȥǰ˵˵öԷǿͣ
ΰ׼״ǺǺЦͬʱ̲סп
ôֶû֪֮˰
ֻҪùãʲô˶ܼ
²һ֮ΰʾ㼴ʼ첽ߵͷǰ򳡡
֪䣬Ϸˡ
ԼһŮԱĶϷ
ΰ׿ţ˶ˡ
ƫǶԷûϵͳѧϰҲûؾ顣
£ĺõĸ΢΢
콵ţⳡϷҪþˡ
ʵ֤ΰ׵Ʋһû
һʱλң˵úϷˡ
ݺò׸ˣԷȴֳ״



291  
һˣһ㾵ͷжûС
֮⣬ÿ̨ʶİһ£˵Ӧĸ顣
˵䲻ģ̨ʹ׻Сѧ顣
˼㹻ܹ
Ϊ㹻ˣܲס͸Ƶķ˵ʱЩС㣬û㣬ȰⳡϷ̨ʱ˵ɡ
û֮ǰ˹˼һ㣬˵ϸ
˵ˣ˵١
ԵݲڻеĲ۾ʣʲôף
û뵽λСͻȻЩӦ
عͼ񶷼һŭ
ʮ꣬϶ǱŵķݶﱻԴ
£ݲоðϹҲס
ƫƫܶôϾԷҡ
һƽͷգѻʯ
뵽ֻѹסͷĻԼһЦݣǸҸղżˡ
⻰һ˵ʶࡣ
߬߬ȭͷһת˵£ҼϷɡ
ȻϢˣȴ׷ŹҶˡ
˼룬û緹
ͷˣٳԵ㡣
˵겻ݿڵĻᣬԹԵҪС⡣
۷һ˼ʵǲˣһʮƫƧĵط񣬸ûеꡣ
ԣûиĿڣһдʵûе꣬Լ¡
ֲǶмԵ顣
ⲻ־У
˵ɨһԵˣڶԷϵĿ
ע⵽ˣƲסԼ˵ĳ嶯
ʱקסĸ첲Żָǡ
ˣǰλǴ򲻵õڣֻܹš
˿òײűסϵЦݣ˼
üһУ
⻰ݼæȻС
ûô¹Ķܲóԡ
ҪҪѡԣ
ǾרŵĳʦҼǵһó㡣
ˣῼҪҪӦ
ǸݸղһҪġ
¶ԷѾǸʾԼֻ֮ʧ
ԭԭ¾ˡ
ʮּᶨԭ¶Է
ǸҪõĻҪ
ΪҪڸݣûǶԷĽ飬ֵˣҾҪ
꣬ʲô׵ء
λСҪ
ʶ㣬ݾûȰ˵Է
ԭΪ˵֮󣬸ôŶ
˭룬ݾȻôйֱӲˡ
ûгɹеĻֶ˼֣üȥ
ΰײױײһĻ
ĿŸݱڣȥסԷ
תһ룬ڼҵʱӣͲ˵ˡ
ˣǾȥһ¡
Ҳûϵ״
ʱ򣬿޵һѱһδ
뵽ΰ˵ȥ˵С㣬ﲻңҲӶˣ㡣
ԣһЦ㣿ʲô
ΰײΪʲô
ͷ棬ӻûü˼ȶˣҲǶ
⻰һ˷׷һЦ˳
ΰЦΪԡ
˵ʵͷϵڳԼǶĺҲϡġ
ɵӣоϵĿЩ֣֪ЩڳЦ
ղ˵Ǿ仰ʶһʱԼȥˡ
ΰЦ棬˿ûεӣŭʼٸߣθʵף
ΰȷʵǹôɵģϿ϶ֱ˵ûС
Ҫ˵ΰ׸ɴڶԷǰ濪ڣɣɣԼӲ⣬Ҫѹڱͷϰɡ
ըˣָΰ׵ıˣ·ң
ΰײϲ£¡
ǱָűҪǲ˶ͷϲһš
ΰһݣĵָ˿ȥС㣬Ҳҵİèǰָʹ
ĩˣΰǰһ硣
㵵ĿУΰ״յԷ˵Ҫǲ֪òôдҲ̽㣬ʮġ
Ҫ˵µ˭ɡ
үǰΪѹ̫ͷƤ顣
ϴΰ׶֣ñ°ؼҵײ˺һϵ飬Щ
ΰѹȥԵ˷ѡ
ˣֲ⡣
ΰ׶֣ҲǱ޳Ī
ȵҪ˵ʱ֮ˡ
⣬ûٺΰ׳ܣֱӶ֡
ȻȫȻһ¡
ΰ׿ûвԣҲǸʵʵԡ
棬ŮԺԻûпɱԣǸŮר
պãƽڶģΰ׸
һȥûΰ׵ͱԷһѿס
ϣȻģҪһ顣
̵ľѾʹˣûΰ׵
ûа취ֻһֻ֡
ΰ׼״Ц
ôġ
ͬΪʲôܹŵΡ
ѵᶨվŰ
ΰƲƲ죬ֿסһֻ֣ͬʱĽ飺С㣬⶯Ҫ˵ϰøĸġ
׽ӣΪҸһͿˣ
ΰ׷˸ۣ˵Ĳ𣿡
ۿ֮ĻҩζԽԽŨΪݲòվˣһˡ
ַˣΰȻͰɿˡ
ɲΰô
һָɣͳΰ͵˹ȥ
ΰײµưոݣ׼
һ̣ѸٵԱһ
صڵϣһȦҳ
ΰ׼״ŴЦϻԷС㣬֪ĻǸ⣬Ҳд˴񡣡
˵˵򻹴ţ۴ޡ
һĻǷ׷Ц
ЦоѼˣæܻسϡ
ΰ׿ǵĵıһ
㱾»Ҷ֣Цˡ
ҲŮˣѾ׳ͷˡ
ΰ׻عͷָÿӢ۵ЩЦ
˶˼룬ʵп޵ʦ
ղ˵Ļǵʵġ
⻰ΰײʶĹϵ¶ˡ
ΰ²æȥ˵ı顣
ǾͲֱдšԹϡӣΰ˶ɵˡ



292 ϵع 
ͣʵһŶûУ
ΰ󺰡
ϧǣ˵ȥĻͬóȥˮûջĿˡ
ۿеĺҪˣΰ׻·
ֽȺɢȥΰһƻŵԼȥ
һΰױĻױʦչʵʦλģ
ΰ׿ڣױʦּüŪ۵λǴ˵еĸ֮԰
ΰ׳̾˿һλصڣһˣ̫ˡ
Ҫǹ˼ЩˣԷ˽жɡ
СƵģһرϲԴס
ŶһȹƤҩ
֮ԴӦϣһԭǱܲˡ
ΰӦԷڻ᲻ֱסƨ档
ʱ򣬾һ죬Ҳ˵ûϵ
Ҳûõȥôһ£ȫ綼Ҫ֪ˡ
⣬Ѿ˸ӪͶˡ
ͬΰƲĲࡣ
йڵСԱϣдɸͶ˿ļӪš
ΰ׵еаţÿκϱܻᷴתһʼͲǺᡣ
ܲסͶһֱ˵λС׿˵ʵ
СԱ߷Լ˵ô࣬⼸ӪǰŰɣ͵͵ȥͳǱߣϷݰű
֮⣬ֽҵĹϵһȥ
ű֣Ӫˡ
ϣ˵ĶǼٵġ
գ˳ڲƲ֮£ӷȥ
ΰԴ˽ȸȶȾһֱӸ߲¡
ټʣϸسȥûӣӦѾˡ
ܲ׿ڳΰݣ
զһеƣ˿Ӱȶȡ
ǰ󲻹Сʱ͵΢ѵڶ
һĳӾ첥Ůλá
ԹȺڿΰ׵֣һӦǶԼָΰˡ
ôδѾѧˡ
ΰ׵Ĺϣͻʶеʵԡ
Ȼں棬ǻǵ˽ȥ
ͬԱģ̲ס²ۡ
ΰ̫˺ˣоÿһ鶼ᱻϡ
԰ͬôΣͲܻµû壬Ҷˡ
ôΰ׺ܵıϣˡ
ȺCP۹ƿˡ
ʵҪǮǮҪգҪģġ
ԵܲãʵԱCPֱݺȵQ
ָ۲ǸĻûС
һΰϴεġȸ¼̫ȦôҶʶʵΰڳϸû˶òϣȷʵ޿ޡ
ŵ˵ΰݼֵһԱȦ޼
ԱУÿûУݼõĻûС
һЩ۹޵·ˣϴζԭת·˷ۡ
£˵ΰ׺ֻǱϣ㹷ĵƬҲ̫ѿ
ǱǸСԱô벻ġ
ţΰҵڵԱɻľǱ顣
ôسȥȻûʲô˹ˡ
СԱ˼⣬زͬ⡣
ע⵽ѵʱǱнˡ
˭룬ףȻ
ǰδеۡ
ò׼ע⣬ܼȥˡ
յϢ֮󣬵һʱǰܲð칫һ㱨
꣬лһâ˿ǵִߣ
ᰵͷǵģCPڳף
֪ϢӣҸߵĲͷ
ԤϵԼ˾ɧ*Դ˲ȡ
ʱĥֳΪѾܹ޲
˼ҷ֮ʣ١աءɡ˵ҶźˣȥҶŻƱҪȥΰߡ
õġ˵͸ɻȥˡ
ĹЧʺܸߣӾͰгȫźˡ
ףһǰ
ᰣڹ˾顣
ʱǳ׼ȥʱÿԹ졣
˺ͳֻ׼ΰ׷Ϣ
ʱȻ뵽Ҫǲǰ˵൱ڸΰһϲ
˳˵棬ظϢ
˷ɻ뵽ܻͷȥΰףǱߵȥʰһ¡
뵽ܿҪΰףϲ¶Щϲɫ
״ò¾֪¶ɫΰס
ԵӣѾ벻Է̵ְҪϲŭ֪ģ
̸̽治˵İ
пĬĬջߣ۾Ϣ
Ϊڼ˷ܵ״̬˵û˿˯⡣
ȫСʱû˯
ΪһͶҪȥʱĹ㲥
ɻ֮һ׼õĳǰΰھ㡣
ʱΰϷݡ
һϷ꣬ΰϢ
˭룬½ʱչ˵ʦûп΢ϵѣ
ΰסšһ˯֮ǰһۣôˣ
½ص㲻þ˴һǸ𣿶Ӱܴ󡣡
⻰ΰЩҵӰûо
½ڳһΪáļƣҵڣعʧһ˿ġ
ΰЦЦû۰ɣ
½֪ΰΪʲôͻȻ˵ʵȷʵûС
ҽȥۣ⡣ΰһΪ⡣
ʲô𣿡½ãȻ
Ȼΰײû
½ûа취ֻԼ΢ѰҴ𰸡
ΰ׼״½ٲûȥһױʦױ
ĩˣΰ׻صͷǰ򳡣ȴһϷġ
һĻ̲סͷΰϵĿ˼͡
ЩȦķԽ꣬ΰֽ̤ʵأϷоηеԱ˵ָ
뵽ΰ׺飬־Щϧ
ΰǰôô벻أ
һ𣬸õʱû¡
ֿˣҵʮа˾ŻܵԷӰ졣
ʱΰҲѻʯ
Ҫ缸ΰ׾ͺˣȰȰԷ
ϧ˵ʲôˡ
뵽ֲ̾˿ۧ
ˣˣԽԽܡ
ס˼Ⱥ׼
⻰һϢԱͳԱȫعλá
ڵһϷڶϷԱ̫
Ǻΰݶλ̨ʹʵ̫ˣӲסΰ׵Ϸ
NGֿ֮ȥˣǸԱԸԷαݡ
ĩˣֶΰ˵СΰȻŵ㡣



293  
ΰԭΪֵľԽݼͷų
˭룬ôЩͷԱµһûгġ
ղŵݼ˵΢˵ġ
Ҫ󻯣ΰ׾ö˰˳ɹ
ͽӲסˣʹȫʱô죿
ΰƲƲ죬Щˬ
㱾һŶӵ飬һ˵
Ϊ˲ûָѸУΰֻܰյݵ˼һݼ
ΰ׵£˳ˡ
ϢʱΰźݶǸԱһ޵ӣ֪ԼԷǺˡ
ԭǸղǳϷ˾ڹѹϷ
ΰ뵽оԼֱԩ
ѹϷԷһֶ˵
ʵУͰѹ۵ͷϣ˲֪˵ʲôǺá
ˣֻҪ˲鷳Ȩ֪
Ҫ˲ʶôǵð飬Ͳˡ
ΰ˼ǧذת֮ʣϢʱҲˡ
΢һױΪΰͶ뵽ŵ㵱С
һߣƬôڻˣȥѳһ
ôˣҪķʽһسӣ
ĳγϷѾ֪ⲻǸ׸ɺõĻ
ԭЩ׳־ȫ׵Ժˡ
ȻֲؼңԵǱƵġ
Ǽţֻᷢͬĳٴα˳Ц
˼ȥȥƬ˵
ͻ·ǰƬ
ȥݱţǻ¡
Ϊ˱ⴥ飬ʶŲߣ׼۲Ĳ
ԽƬţԽǾݻ˸ɵġ
Ϊʵ̫ˡ
뵽첻ܴյƬ㣻첻ܶȡůҪܺĹͶԵԱ鳹ûȤ
һϷΰ׺ˮƳϣ֪Щʲô
ɵ飬ΰײüͷ
ҪҲ
²ԺðΰüͷüֱܼӬ
ΰ׵Ŀû˿Σܿ͸оˡ
תͷ˵ײһ
˸޴İۣԴ˱ʾԼΰ׵Ĳм
ΰ׼״һİۡ
ע⵽Ҫˣݼæ˳ΰ׵ĸ첲ʦλͻ
ΰЦǲΪ⣬Ҳºͻ
ԣ֮ǰ˵ЩȻ׹ˡ
˼Ҽڲ飿
뵽ĬĬջԼ֣ûȰ
ͬʱʼҪҪԶһ㡣
Եɴܣꡣ
ԣΰ׺ܺɴܲࡣ
Ҫ̫Ļ˵˻
һᣬݲɫԱŲŲΰ֮ľ롣
ΰ׼״ҲûֻǾꡣ
˵ѹ˰
ÿ㹻ĵںүǳʤˣλС㣬Ҳһ顣
п˼䣬ΰ׸ˡ
Լո˼ʱ򣬶ԷӰͻȻӳ
տʼΰΪԼ̫Եʣڳֻþ
ֱ֣ȷǰһвǻþǷġ
ΰΪڼһʱԼƬУСڵһͷ
ôû뵽ΰ׾Ȼ顣
Ҫ֪Χɶ˰
ǰΰ׶һЦݣװֿӣ·ֻͨѡ
ΰ׽ôˣ
ΰףⴥԶһݡ
ûи֮ǰΰǲǱ۸ˣŻ
뵽ջߣŻʵǲ۸ˣ
ΰ׻ûüڣΪԼ粵ҿ۸Сĸζ
ԣתͷǺ⣺ڵĵԽԽˡ
Լ˲󣬵Ŀ⣬⡣
˭ܸһֻۣΪʲôô˰
벻ףӲͷƤţԼӡ
ϧǰֲӵʱ䣬аˡ
ҪֲٺǺֻܱ졣
ΰ׼״ЦЦ
ףֻ˿˵ллŴ˿佱
ΰ׵һۣˡ
⻰¶ĵɫѵ㲻ϲ
ΰ֪װģ˳ŶԷ˼˵ϲ
ˣĿ޵ԡ
ΰ׼ػʱ򣬺ȻΧڰǡ
ʱ˿̣ΰײʶһص⣬Ȼôˣֵܡ
ǱЩȥˡ
ΰ׷̫Ѩͻͻֱ
״Ϊΰ岻æͷʵţôˣ
ΰ׳̾˿޿صĹϵ벻ڵ϶ˡ
⣬ղ˵ӣѾˡ
߶죬ڹѾ΢ϴˡ
ʵϣΰԤ׼ǰΣξͲ׼ˡ
Ϊյ˻ûü΢ϣͱıڷ֣ɾ
ݰյ˲ΣֻܹԹɾ
ʵһ£ΰ׾֪ĹϵѾʵǱȹˡ
汻΢ΰҲűˡ
Ȼڣô˸ȽзĽ
һҲڱе̫ҡ
ΰ֮ͨ󣬾Ͳپ飬תƵϣܳԱҵ˲ܹܣ
Ѿ֪ͨĸĸˣǻû
ûмǡΰҡҡͷ
ΰ׻䣬ͼһͣ档
ţĸӳ߽Ƭ
Ŀⴥΰ׺Ƕһۡ
Ϊʲô⣿
˲Լͬ
ûж˵˦һʾȥ
ᣬߵǰ˸롱Ķ
ߣע⵽ĸˣ綪ֻܲ鲻ԸŸĸȥ
һˣĸûᣬֱק˳
ˣ˷׷һ
˵ģλСҪٲߣⲿӰͱúˡ
ϾԱ˵Ǵˣá
ֲϷĻʺһ
ʺûˣллء
ΪһϷΰ׾ûģܿͻصͷǰ򳡡
ΰרϣĿתԼСڣһⶼûָˡ
һЩҪԼϯ˺Ǵܡ
ȫ׸ɵӿˡ
ôǮˣͲܶС
̫˷ˡ



294 Ͷι 
иСԱе
ĳ֪ԺУҵĴУ
ƽΪһͬѧбȽص㣬ͺ͸һЩĹϵ
֮ܵСǣΪǸ̺ƬǺѡ
ټϵ󲻶ֻ࣬ҪڵӰ¶Ƭ˾ʹӦѵ
Щǿŷҵģرڡ
ƽֻź͹۳ȥΣ̲ŸҺ͵ϵ
ڼң̶͸Ϣ
ԼԵʣǮƷȽϿѡ
ӱȽٵˣΪǮѾֹìܡ
Եʹø̰־һǱš˵ܱ족뷨ҪҸ󷽵Ľ
һͲΪǮʲôʲô
ˣ֮ǰڷ˵
ʱڻţгһܹӴλоͺˡ
ܹƹͷҵµʲ϶
ڻˣԼҪǲȥԣֱԲүŴ
ΰ׺Сʤ»飬ȥ϶С
ΰҪƬϷԷڵʱ䣬͵͵ȥ
ͬΪˣʮûĸ͵ȵġ
һٺҲȲҰ㡣
Ȼ಻ΰףҿ϶ԼļȶԷá
Ҫ֪ڲͬġ
ֻҪᣬ϶ϲϡ
ʮĵ롣
һһϷʽġ
Ϊֻм̨ʣϷݻСԱֻڱϹĦ
ƳһˣǸӽԷĺûᡣ
㲻ܴϻܸӡҲ
ƾ⸱࣬ϹӣŻֱӺԵ
ǵȥԵλãȴԷͶĿ⡣
˭룬ΰһϷҪˣⶼû·˲ڡ
Ƽˣ
ûڣͼıֱֱ
ֻҪ˵ͻȥ
ԵʶʱΪܡ
򲻵òڨ뷨
ﰲοԼһҪߴü졣
żǡ
Ƭ˴кֱӴΰ׻ס
Ϊΰ߳Բãι׼ΰϲĲˣմǧ
ҪǸʦ£ʱ߲˴רŸΰ
ΰ׵֪˳Եģȣֲûԣ̫ˡ
ΰë׵СԴЩ˵ⶼΪ˭
ΰԣþգȻΪҡ
ڣΰʮϵллܲڰæ֮ʳ̽࣬Ҵ˳ԵĹ
ˣҪȳԷϴ裿
ΰ룬ϴɣһϷ϶ǻҳ
ףȥɣðЩһȣܳԷˡ
ΰЦӦá˯½ԡҡ
ò˵Դ˹һЩϴǷˡ
ղŵϣϴ軹ȥһ¥ˮϴ裬ΰ׾;ǺЦᡣ
ƶ̫ˡ
ΰײ֪ǾϵڴѾǷǳõˡ
ЩҾõģķӶûУ˵
﷭˼䣬ΰšأʼϴ衣
ڷӲΰϴĹУŵƮζ
ΰûжЩյģΪûйʱ֪ٲҲԲţĵװڴϡ
ˣΰײʶԼжĲˡ
ʵ̫ˣ
ΰҡͷԵһڣʶӿϴٶȡ
״̬£ΰϴҪʮӵʱ䣬Ӳ֮һʮӾʹԡҳˡ
תͷȥʵϴˣ
ΰ׵ͷߵߵλã㰡
Ϊ˶΢¯ΰ׿ʣ㶼ʲô˹ιȥˡ
ԣûлش⣬Ц˵ˮˡ
ΰʶ˲ǣʲôûУŷӦƭ
ΰ׷˸޴İۣһйߡ
ûоۣǷǳϵص
ΰ׼״ؿһȭ
죬Ŵˣʲôºú˵ұܽκ⡣
⻰ΰصءߡһԴʱʱˣ͵ñѹȥ
꣬ؿڹĵԽԽˡ
ΰƲƲ죬˿ûԼף˶Լ֪𣿡
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰ˵һ䣺ˣҺö
ΰ׺ֵ˼ȥ΢¯ǰ鿴ӣٵȵȡ
ΰʵûôֻΪתע
ãΰ׾ԺٳϷԴתƶԷע⡣
Ӻܿȥ
һ𣬼ɡ
ΰȲܵ΢¯ǰһ˷˵죬ҿʲôˡ
ǣЦŵ٩Сè
ƺţΰ׾ͦɰģûֲǵһʶҡ
ΰ׳ˣЩ⡣
Ҫ֪ǰ٩ΰ׵ʱ򣬶Է궼ڵһʱ䷴
ΪҲһû뵽ΰ׾Ȼһĳ̬
ΰ֮ǰƬӣ;̽ʵֵ̫ˡ
Ҫû֪ΰ׾Ȼʱ
ѵǴ˵еġСʤ»顱
˼֮ʣΰѾ̲סԼˡ
򿪵һ΢¯ţ˴Ϻϲءۡһ
ĩˣΰתͷԵĴָ˴ϺҪޡ
عЦЦ˵ллŴ˵ĵޡ
䣬Ͱ΢¯ȫˡ
ΰֵɣһԿȺõĲó
ÿһ˶ԼϲԵģΰ۵ӿֳһƬж
һʱʱ̰̿ϣҼסϲõˣ̫ˡ
ΰЦ۾Ц˵ллܲǧͶι
ԣΰ׵л
ĩˣֵղŲŶ𣿸ϽԷɡ
˵꣬ͰЩ˶˵輸Ϸţֽ׷ֳݣȽٵǷݵݸΰס
ΰϰԵлӾͿͷģʽ
ͬڼһ㣬ȸΰװһϺʣժףʼԷ
ΰ⼸ھΪûмĺóԣƽʱС˲١
ٷһСľͳԳˡ
ΰײͣö֮־ЩЦʦǸ׶԰С𣿶ԼķһûС
ΰײطǼĴ̫óˣܹҡ



295  
Ϊΰһֱڴö飺¥ɢɢʳһ㡣
ΰ룬ܾˣҪһϷۣ붯
⻰ֻܴΰ¥ɢͷҸӣ
㲻ܼӿٶȣҲڸо㡣
߳Ե㽡θʳƬ
ΰСҩˣѡ˵һӰɡ
ףΰɳϣ׼ƿԷ·
Ҫֵʱΰ׺Ȼקס·¶Ρ
˶˼룬ѯʣҸ𣿡
ΰ׳һ˵еҪ˰ɡ
оΰ⣬æ˵һֱö𣿡
ΰ׿ڣ˵һ䣺Ҿ͸ӣ飬ġ
˵ʵΰʵ̫š
Ϊʵ̫˽ˡ
ǰֱԿԣŹ֡
οǸһʱû϶̲ס
ԵСʤ»顣
ָô븹ˡ
ΰ˼ȥԽԽڸղһȣѡӡ
ûʲôԲȵİ취
һϷʵڳܲס֮뽻
ҪǴöͣΰ˵ԼˣͿԱεľ档
ΰβܶһٵʱ򣬺ȻЦ
ΰ̧۾ֱЩˬʵЦʲô
ԣѧΰƽ̼˵ӣɣɣ˶Ϸˣô߰ɡ
ΰ׾е㲻˼ôһ˵ΰڵһ±ͨ졣
˫Ц͸ˡ
ղſ϶Ц
ΰҧ롣
ȫ벻ףʲôܹöԷЦĵ㡣
ѵΪȽ׺𣿣
뵽ΰ˦һ޴İ۹ȥƤ˲Ŷ
ǣ˿ûܸ߳еӦлл佱
ΰ֮ô˵ΪҪ
û뵽ȻܲҪ̶ֳȡ
һʱ䣬ΰ׶֪˵Щʲôˡ
ΰ֮ʣ˺
عʱ򣬲ŷִöΪˡ
ΰϲҺˣ㲻ðˣԼЪС
״ǺǺЦǺˮҡ
ΰԣСֹһ䣺ǲǺˮ޲֪ġ
ΰѾѹ֮ľ̫
£ѡ
굱Цˡ
ΰСûĵģֻǰæӶѣȥˡ
Ϊΰ׿˻ͷ˼ͲƮĳ档
ΰע⵽仯жʱ
һôʱ䣬̫Էζʲôˡ
жΰٶ˺üͶԷľ
״Щˬʵʦ̫ˡ
ΰдʵҪ־͹㲻µĴʵ̫ˣҲò
⻰һԺĳļ䡣
ΰڴϱ۸òͣӣЩԳ
ٶΰĿ⣬ӡ
սԿ˵û˼
ΰסߡһⷽѾƲˡ˵Ҳġ
òձȻҾȥˡ
ΰװͲԼԶ㣬ȻԷ
ԭΪΰ׵֪ҪȥôŶῪ
Ͼôû
ټΰ׽Ƭʮͺġ
˭룬ȵûҪлˣʼûеǾ
ûа취ֻܽпʵ
ǻԹͳʼǱԣǰԼоĻϵݡ
ϧǣ˺üΣû취
ÿֻά˼ӣ˼·ֵҰΰǱ߱ڶȥ
ڹЧʵ̫ˣ󲻵òѡս
ʱֻΰףʵʱ̹۲
Ϊ˲ΰȫֻ͵͵
Ƴص˵ԣȻǲ׼ˣΰ׾üæ̧һۡ
ʱ䣬ȥ£Źȥ̶ʮӡ
˽⣬ƽڼҼӰ࣬϶Сʱ𲽡
üһֱʮʱ䡣
벻ҪĹ˾ˣ
ΰ׺ȻеŵԱλȫᰡ
⣬˾Ǳߵ϶ȫӸȥˡ
ǲ¡
ΰ²˼䣬һ̧ͷͼվǰĿֱ
ע£ΰײЩš
ʱƣûпڵ˼ΰǻ͸ֻСƵģͨͨͣ
ΰ׸оѡˣ㲻ȥϴ𣿡
üż
ΰ׸оȥҪ븹æ˵ȥһ䡣
õܰ취
ΰ׽˳ѣһ
ΰ׼һʱ䣬ȵĳͷٳȥȴԼһʮҪ顣
Ǿ䲻ȼ
û޹Ͳ˵ˣһֵֹζ
֮ܶ⻹˵ҪϰСʱпܻѬιȥ
ΰӲͷƤ˼ӣʵǳŲȥˣæƿţ˳ȥ
ϺڵϹû취䣬ΰֻܲ鲻Ըص䡣
֮ǰΰ׵磬ſ̽СԴȥʵôûȥϴ谡
תͷʣܴȥϴʲô
ΰЦЦⲻǹ
˳Ҫ󣺡ôҪæ𣿡
ΰ붼ûͷϵңҿɲˣ
оΰ׾Ҫ߳ŭˣæԷҺ㿪Цġ
˵겻ΰ׿ڵĻᣬֵϽھȥϴˡ
ΰװŰɵģ
һʵϴ軹мٵģ
ΰƲƲ죬ⲻǱˣǺ֢
ΰⷬߣ֪ηֱ˯½ԡҡ
ΰ׼״ŷĽ˷䣬ҰŸϡ
ϴʱ䣬ΰûڴˢ΢
ѾһȥͿعѣѰϲûĴ
ΰ׺Ǻ棬Ƭˣ΢ôûϢ
칷̫˰ɣ
ʵϣǹвУı̫С
͵Ƭǵ͸ץסˡ
ֻΰǻ˵ûע⵽бץ顣
ϴΰ״˯ڴֻʱһ¡



296 ΰ׵ 
ΰ׸о϶һеĿ⣬æѭԴͷȥ
ֻվڲԶĿƶַҪ˹
ΰãͲֱдšҪԵ⼸֡
ʵ֤ΰ׵ĸоʮ׼ȷ
˼֮ʣߵߣϡ
·ͻȻΰ׸Ӧ
عʱѾѹ¡
ΰʶȴһѿסֻѹͷҲԷмǿзֿ
˵ǯƣеѡ
ΰûа취ֻܻ𼱻ǿڣǰ˺üϷܲһ£
Ҫ¶֪ôˡ
ҪҶѼҰ
ҿɲ뻻
ȷʵǸ뷨ġ
Ǿΰôһ˵᲻öԷܷ顣
ΰ׵һεεӰǣҵݻȦǳеλ֡
ǲģӰΰ׺ֵĹϵӰΰ׵ҵ
뵽òĳͷ
ίͰͿߵ˼ҶСʤ»飬ֻôҡ
ΰԣˡ
תһ룬̰ĳ̶ȣһһӣԷͺͣ
Ϊ룬Ǽװˡ
ΰױ۾ͷһţ˯ɣҺ
ԭţΰĿߣٻᲹ
û뵽ԤеĲûоˣΰûνǺ
ԽԽίȴֲȥԵˡ
Ϊڼ
Ҫֵΰ˯ã϶Ӱΰ״̬
ƻΰߵ͵ˣȥƬǱϷ
£ֻĬĬһʣ׼ȵΰϷˣصٺͶԷˡ
һǸ˵㡣
ƳΰѾ۾´ŵԷ˯ʱ
ͬʱҲΰͻȻ۾
ΰû˯ڳ⸱̣ȨԼ˯ˡ
ΪϷΰûþ˯ȥˡ
ΰ׹ɵĺܿҲ˯⴫Ⱦΰһ֮С
ڶ죬ΰͬǰһ㣬ƶĴߴ
Ϊʱе㳤Ҳˡ
ƳΰڴϣΰٲͳٵʹչȥԷ˵ţˡ
ΰסšһȴûжڴϡ
״ֻܼΰ׵ͼԴöԷѡ
ò˵취ǺЧġ
Լӣΰ׾ͺߺżͷԡҡ
ϴΰ˵㡣
΢¯ǰȶΰһĨ棬𣿡
ף˺˵һһЩϲĹ
ΰ⻰ڴһð˳
ȴȽ׶ʱ䣬ΰ׾ţĻʲô
ģϲǸɳʦĲհϺԼ󣬲֪û⼸
ʱһ
΢ĹӦ
ΰ״յ΢¯ǰȲŴ򿪡
״ΰһʱżֱȥãæסԷצӡ
ΰüͷʵ
оΰе㲻ˣæص㣬
ΰ룬Ҳǡ
ǾͰλøԼվһԵš
æµӣΰײڼҵʱ򣬶ԷҲΪæǰæ
ԴӸ֮Ǳ仯̫ˡ
ǰô󲻵Լ
Լǰ󷴲̫Եʣΰ׻ǰЩ飬Ȼû
ΰ޷԰εʱѾȫںڲ輸ϡ
һһߺţԳˡ
ȥʼûŲ
ΰô
̧ͷ˿
ֻΰվ΢¯ԱߣĿͣӡ
ں棬ȥΰ׵Դʵʲôأ
ΰ׻عҡҡͷûʲô
ţΰûûȥһת˵ٲ;Ҫˡ
⻰һΰʶ̧һۡ
һϷĻСʱȥױͣ͵ʱ䶥ʮӡ
ʶʱʣ޼ΰ׼æ³͡
ǰȫԼϲԵģΰ׿ĵ̲ס˻νš
ע⵽ˣ֮ЩЦôģ
ΰ׵ͷȻԵԼϲĶ൱Ҹһ顣
ڸ֮ûôأȻ᲻ΰ׵Ļϲ
ΰˣͱԷòЦ
ΰ׳ԹͣͺСǰƬ
ڷ䴦δɵĹ
ʵǺΰȥƬϷģܲסмļҪϽֻܴͷ
ΰȥƬȥʱȴױʦױ
ƳиСԱΰײЩɻ
˶˼룬СԱæתͷˡ
ΰ¶Ρ
ֲǺˮޣСԱʲô
ʵСԱǵ
֮ܣΪΰǰ飬¶ԷС˼
ȷûиΰ׹ƶ϶Է˳סǶ¥
ΰϷݺ϶鲻ʱȥ
һͿԵĴˡ
ȻڰסԽΰ׵źŪȥ
⣬ͳûעʱס
ͬϣǰΰ׷ʱ򣬾ͱĿĴס
ЦݣЩֺãʦöģ鷳λͨһ¡
¹ΰףڲͷ˵ȥ
״˿п
ΰ׵Ǻá
뵽ԼԸܴܿɣ˺üǿסͷļ̧š
ʱר־ع
Ϊΰ׻ˣæȥš
˭룬վŵǸİˡ
üͷ
׼ѯʣ˾һҽܣܣǵǾԱ
޹ؽҪˣĶԷݣֱʵʲô𣿡
ҧҧһ䣺Ƿǻζ
զһû仰˼
ֱ׽ĨһĽߣ˲׶ԷҪʲôˡ
ԥܾˣҪ
ҪڣЩ߰ĻֱӺڣߡ
ԣæΪԼȡ᣺ܣҵļǳٿһ£
Ӷ䲻һ˿һ飬
֪͵س˹ȥ׼Ͷͱ
û½ǣͱԷһ˳ȥ
ڼ״һһҼŵߣ¶ǵ
ԸߣͿʼ



297 Լϯ 
Ȼߡ
ӦǡֱӰ˼̧ܿ
ֻܳɤӴ󺰣ܣͲٿһ𣿡
ݸûҪΪʦ񰡡
ֱǱ˷Դ
ԣüͷüֱܼӬ
ҺΰƬϷȻ϶Ҫˡ
뵽æԸڣ֪ͨ¥ˣҪΰס
Ȼûв͸ǽ
һϷΰײױڼ˵ˡ
֪Ϊ˰ǸԼϯСԱϳȥΰԲһǸ棬رЦ
ΰӦҪɵˡ
ҲеС˼ûеôɵȥʹֱ
Ԥ뷨׼⣬ΰ״ùϵܾǰˢ
˭룬ôһòıƻ˻˹ϵ
ΰ׺϶ͿԳ롣
ﲻԤЧҲû£Ĳᱻ׷
Ϊһжǳڡġ
ԭΪԼ˵飬ΰ׾㲻ٻе㲻
ΰײûкһЦ˳
֪˻ΪΰǸ޹ؽҪĳԹȺء
Уǿѣ˹ȥԼϯûһ˿һΣ𣿣
Ҫǳϲԣסΰ׵ļҡһҡܻܲγԷˮ
ҪҪͼӴ׵ʱΰ׺ȻЦݣ㻹𣿡
ҡҡͷڨڨЦûˡ
ΰףȻû£ȥϢɡ
Ϊΰֻܲ鲻Ըˡ
ΰ׼״ᡰߡһǵӰĿǱġ
ôϷһ۾Ϳ˴ʲô⡣
䣬ҲԼǵݼ
뵽Ź죬ľһһΰײЩͷۡ
ûǰΰΪĴݣ۶ӿ϶ط١
˲֪ԭǴݻСݣĶһࡣ
ΰ룬ֻܽԭĺЧӦ
ѵڶϷҪˣΰס˼ߵͷǰ򳡡
æµУһܿȥˡ
ΰ׵Ǹͻȥô¡
ҪԸȫĹϣǵҵ˲С
ΰϱķס
ڿΰ׻ˣæóһ·
ΰ׼״ͣ½ŲʵǽҲţ
ԣǶһۣǲԼͬ˵ͷǵġ
ΰ˫ۻǰǾ˹ˣţǸСԱôȥģ
ߵıڴǲ˵ȡǾˡ
֪ྐྵȻΰǺǺЦˣȻǴҵɻصģ
ΰײΪڣûж˵ֱԼš
̫ǸԼϯСԱ˵ʲô
Ϊǰ֮ŵֵֹˣ֮ǰһ䣺˭
ΰ״ҰϽš
ΰ׵æŴ򿪣ţôˣ
ΰüƤ˻ȥأ
оΰ鲻Ǻܺã緢£̽һ䣺ǲ˺˵ʲô
ΰſϣ°
ԣ㷲״̬ϻǿбֵҲ²
ΰ׼ųԹϣûٺƹӣֱӴ촰˵˵㰡
⻰һǿɤۣ˭˵ģ
ΰЦЦ˭˵ģشǲǾС
Ϊߵʱһֱںֳܴͣ󶯾֪˲١
£Ͽ϶ǲеˡ
ϾΰѾ֪顣
˼ȥΰӵĿУˣǡ
ص飬ΰ׵ͦɵġ
ԭڣѡ
ȻΪסǰʲô˵ʲô״̬ΰ״һʼ͹
סЦ⣬ΰ׼ʵԼϯ϶˵˺ܶ໰ɡ
ڣΰԹһ䣺˵ʲô
һصûע
ΰƲƲ죬һʵļٵģ
ʮ࣬Ȼġ޹ؽҪˣϡ
֪Ϣΰױסˣһôϸҹ϶Բ
˼룬ʶΰ׸û
ղΰװ鲻õӣֻΪԹϣ
ΰ׵һ
ΰ׼״ʶ
ΰ׼֮󼪵ʱ򣬸첲ȴһקס
Ϊ·ͻȻΰ׸Ӧ
عʱѾ
ΰһ֮ǰʮӣڨЦһʵܲã㱧Ҹ
ѧ˵أ
ΰ׵Լᱻ͵æ˵ҾǺ㿪ЦҪôС
ǣЦЦ㻹֪Լġ
ΪΰԴʮָɴصĶˣðɣ
ΰţѻ˵ϣӦÿ̬˰ɡ
ȻΰԤеûг֡
ûиˣøˣ¡
ΰʿˮһĨţҪֱ˵ɡ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰֵ绹ҪϷһЩҰ첻Ҫ󡣡
֮⣬֮뽻ͲҪˡ
˽⣬Էʮа˾ڴϫ
ͬΰϣġ
ĲڣԺ
ɤӣڰ첻ܰ쵽ʱǾ鲻춼ǴϷɡ
ΰԣ֪ǴҪһˣȺŪȥ˵Уʱһ㡣
Ӧˬ죬ܾʲôԣ㲻ƭҰɣ
ΰһɫûаһԼȳ׷
ȷΰû˵ѣ˶ԷĻУҼסˡ
ΰװʱˣ㶼۶ˡ
סʲôã
ⲻ֪ȥƬƬˣΰ׵һϷݰżƻ
һܳԴˡ
ΰ˯˸ֻ𼱻ǸȥƬϷ
ΰ׳ŰСʱ󣬲ȥƬˡ
ͻȻƬ˲Щţܣôˣ
Ϊûд꣬ʱʮֱѡֱ⣺ΰװŵɵϷݡ
Ƭʦ𣿡
˵Ĳǲǿ̫ǿе㲻ֲ˼˵Ҿ͸ɴ˵ˡ
⻰ƬҲ˵ЩʲôУҾȥͳǱ˵
ĿĴɣΰ׷ԼƬǰѸ뿪Ƭ
ʱеΰ׻ֱӭĻʲô



298 ԡ¶ 
һæµΰͬһ㣬жױֱ뿪Ƭ
ؼ;УΰͳǱͻȻϷЩ֡
ûûʹģͳΪʲôҪϷˣ
ΰ׿νǰ˼⡣
֮£ΰֻܽԭڣͳõϷ̫ˣݽϡ
ΰ׻صסһ¾ע⵽̫Ծ
˵ӦӭŶԣôû
ΰԽеɻԽ࣬Թȥʵǲ岻
ŵĻͷû̧ûио岻
ΰԣŰʵģ
šһûҪƭ㡣
ΰЩɣʣôһԵģ
⻰ЩλصֻϽͷϵĹ
ܿ㡰ô͡
ȻûаѺ˵
Ҫΰ֪ͼԷָ·
ѼӷˣֻƴסеļԼ
֮⣬ΰһֲԷ䱸ʱǺѳϵġ
ΰײ֪̣Լ˯߽ԡң׼ϴˮ衣
ꡪ
ûãˮԡﴫ
Ϊ䲻ڷŵλþԡҲԶ
ˮĶˡ
ΰϴʱ䣬ٴһ㹤
ڿ뷨ˡ
һойɻ˳ԡԶһ㡣
ԼٴȥܻסֱŽȥקΰ׾Ϳʼ
ǵΰθãҪʱԷȰѷš
ȵΰϴֱӳˡ
һܽʡܶ಻Ҫʱ䡣
뷨ͽڱװ
ʱΰ׻֪ᷢʲôټϷȣöѾڹֱУϴͼӿٶȡ
Լʮӣΰ߳ԡҡ
ŵʳζһ߲ʪյͷһʵʲôʱ͹ģ
ף˰ڷڲ輸ϣǰӰɡ
ΰ׶Ӷûţͷͽԡϣ߹ȥ
һ뷹׼ͷԡ
û£ȥǱߣΰ׾Щ֣һ䣺㲻Է𣿡
صȳԡ
£ŴͲΰͬϸװ㶣Ҫһͷʪյͷܣ׵÷ʪ
ΰԣ֮ЩЦ磬㶼ûʮ꣬ôø̫̫Ƶġ
һΰ׵ͷⶼΪ˭
ое㼱ˣΰ׼æĿڣΪңΪҡ
ˣû˵ĬĬΰ״ͷ
ΰףͷԡ
״ЩЦ
ΰ̻ʵӣ֪ĻΪԷ˰ûԷˡ
ΪΰǰӸռͷڲܿʹˡ
񣬾ΰԣͶԷһԷ
ΰԵòˣټϸղųԵе㼱еҭŵĸоͣ
˻ΰ˵ܾе㲻Ծ
ë˲·һ䣺ôԾ
ΰĦ°ͣ˵Ǹоֵֹġ
ֱң϶¶
С֪ͨǸңǲʲô
ܸоҪϷߡ
ȷʵԼС˼ڵ˵
ΰ׵˽⣬Էһ֪ʲô϶ͬ⡣
ΪܹȻҪغá
һصûУһʲô㻹֪𣿡
ΰ룬Ҳǡ
ֲǵ۶飬Ҳʩչ
ݽΰ׼ͷɷ
ⲻ֪ѾãҪôԸĨˡ
šͼ֮ԭԹΰɢʳϴ衣
ΰϲԡ¶ϴ˸飬մȾΰϲζųϵĭ
صϣΰŵζǾȣôҵԡ¶
ڣΰֵ㲻˵ԡ¶ζ𣿡
ɤӣ¶Σ档
ΰ˼룬һ˼飺棿
ƤӦǰΪ档
ΰ׼Цʱ򣬺ȻԷͷϡ
ţ
Ϊ·ͻȻΰ׸Ӧ
عʱѾ׵Щ
ѾѧλűΪȱιȥ
ۿԽԽףΰ׸оæƶԷļ˵컹ҪĺüϷ
ԣЦһ˵ģѾźˣ첻Ϸġ
ôһ˵ΰײ֪ͻȻϷô¡
üһԭԤı
ʶ㣬ΰݺҧһڡ
ϧǣǳԶˡ
˵ǱΰҧһڣҧüڶҪ
뷨ûͣ£סΰҶĸ첲֮ǰĶ
ΰ֪ɴ
ò˵ôʱ֮ȷʵˡ
ΰ׸оԼһ㣬˷ڹػط˲֪ٴ棬ŵͣ
ʱΰ׸оԼ˶Ϳˡ
ȥԡϴ裬ֱڶԷ˯˹ȥ
淢ʲô飬Ͳ֪ˡ
ڶ죬ΰŷ֣һ˯ʮࡣ
ΰŵһ飬æ׼·ȥƬ
ĽŸ棬Ϊվȣǰˤȥ
ʱƿŽ
ΰҪˤæȥסԷһʵôżæŵģ
ΰһȭؿڣ㺦ģ
ҲңҶٵˣ
ȻȥƬָô˵ء
⻰æοΰףҾͺƬ˵岻Ҳˣİɡ
ΰ˸޴İۣüһͿʼ·˰
ڣΰֵǷ6
֪ʲô˼ΰ׵ı飬жϳǸʡ
֪ڲʡ
ΰ׾Żôһʿ϶öԷ
Ҫ֪ΰʱûǽʹڸС
ʲôû˵ĬĬΰױشϣϱӡ
ΰûضʹҶˣҪԶ
ʵʲô
ΰƲƲ죬˿ԼΪ˵뷨㡣
㡱˼ѡ񣬵ѡ⡣
ɵӣȻ֮
֪ԼȣԼСƢʱ򣬾͸ɴӦá
˵꣬ȥһ¥С
Ϊ˱ʾԼĳ⣬³ΰٷ
Ϊ˶ʱûտʼЩ衣
Ķܿģ
ΰ׵ϲĲһͻ˷䡣



299 ԽԽ
ص䣬ΰû˿ûо⡣
ΰ׵˽⣬ԷڹƴĶУûѾܲˡ
뵽սԿ˷ڲ輸˵ţԳԷˡ
ΰڴϣޱʵʲôˣ
ĸСߵߵһ˼塣
ΰԣ˸޴İֻۣҪҵ㣬ҾͲò塣
˵겻ڣΰԹԵҪΣֱڴϡ
һΣôţ
ΰײϵֱۣпţôҵģԼûACD𣿡
ۿΰ׻Ҫˣæ죬˵ࡣ
ʵ֤Щ鲻װӱܵġ
ΰ׷Լ˵꣬ٳûпڵ˼֪ԷҪɻء
ΰΪ岻Ѿܲˬˡ
ڻ˵͸ˡ
Ҫ̫Ҫ־͹ǰڡ
ΰ׵ʱһΪԼҪιȥ
֪ôģȻŵ
ֱϴǻŴƣ硣
ΰ׻еԼȻԽԽˡ
Ϊ鲻̫ãΰ׵θڲܵӰ죬ټѾͷͲԷˡ
ΰɤӣҺȻˣԼ԰ɡ
ԣæȥסΰѯţôˣ
ΰ׹˹ӣûô㲻֪𣿡
Ȼ֪֮ǰ˵࣬ǲҪ˵ǶԷķȽϺá
˭룬˵ΰҲ
Ǿᡣ
˼ȥΰ֮Ϊ̬ûаڳ
Ϊΰ׾ͷӣ˵廳Сڡ
ֵҵǣΰǸܺúˣƢÿȥÿ졣
˲СʱͰΰ׺ˡ
ΰûɫ˿
˱˵˻ΰײԷ岻ãȻ˵ǶҪԵ㡣
ΰ׿ڣ˵еˣҸһ¡
ΰûپܾԹڴϵȷ
ӣһ
΢¯ţһһȡڷŵ輸ϡ
ĩˣصߣΰ첲˵ұȥ
ΰе㲻˼ô·ӦԼߡ
꣬ʲôû˵ֱȥΰס
Ϊ·ͻȻΰ׸Ӧ
عʱѾԷɳ
ΰ򴽣Ⱦһ㱡졣
ע⵽ˣЩЦ
ΰƤôô
ǶϷˣΰ׻Ǻ͸տʼһƤøһֽ࣬һơ
뵽ղ˵ûŰΰ׺ˣŬסЦ⣬ԼһЦ
ʱǵΰ߳ŭǰ߾Ͱ׷ѹˡ
Ϊ˲ǰȫҧء
ֱΰףװԵӣȥ͵͵ЦЦ
ܿ죬Цݣعͷµ԰ɣϲĲˡ
ΰ׵ͷӿʼԷ
жʱû³ǹδ
ΰһ߳һߵͷ¶֮ɫ
״Լû£
ѹֱ˵Ҫץסһ˵ģ͵ץסθ
ڿ⻰˵û
пͬһϺʦ
һϺʣĬĬŵΰǰһŵ룬Ϻ
ΰ׼״Щ˼
תһ룬ڳӦİܶԷķǡ
ΰױ뷨ְעŻķϡ
ķ£ΰٷԵÿν൱
ѹǮϲǮ
ΰ׸п󣬰ִ첲ϣ͸һ߻ʳ
šһСΰߡ
Ϊΰ·ôڳһֻ֣ڶԷ档
һΰ׾ͽһֵ
ΰ׸о·ĺôһ͵
ΰ׺ֵܿһ
ΪԼò·߲ˣĸ
֪ΰʲôûҿ
һȭ޻ϣΰﲻþɫͱЩѿ
ע⵽ˣֻ֮ǰ˵Щΰס
ʵΰѾˣе㲻ˬѡ
Ŭ£֮ܿల¡
ɢΰ׻صֱϡ
оһ죬ܰʧľ
ҳߵǰ£׼δɵĹ
Ϊ˯ʱȽϳΰô𲻳˯⣬ڴϸš
ΰ׾ģͳùڴͷϵֻ׼ˢ΢
˼תͷѯʣ㲻Ҫ˯𣿡
ΰ״˯š
룬Ҫ㣿
ΰһֺһʧǣæܾˣæĹɡ
˵ϣҲ˵ʲôͼˡ
ΰ׼״һ
Һڲôޣ˻
ˢ˻΢ΰ׸о۾еۣͰֻ¡
˯ţĿҲǺõġ
˭룬Ȼ˯ȥˡ
֪˶ãΰԺ֮о˺
Ѿ·Ϳ˽ˮƤΰ׿ڴߣһãȻʵôˣ
ǲ᣺˾Ǳ߳˵㼱£ҵøϻȥ
Żʮӣɻ͵ˡ
߼ǵúúóԷ¾͸Ҵ绰
۸ˣһҪң֪𣿡
߶ΰ벻ѹѵ
һ䣬ΰǺЦֲСظǿ𣿡
ףһصڣ㱻۸ˣҪǿ
ΰ׷˸ۣҺôǸдԱˣᱻ۸˵ġ
Ҫ˵ΰ׼æڶԷǰ˿ڣԽԽˡ
̾˿ЩΡ
оΰ׵Ĳͷûټȥ
˷䣬ҵСҽһֽıΰס
氲źˣɻҲˡ
ΰ׹Ƿ´Ϸɻֻص˯
һ˯ΰ׾˯˵ڶࡣ
Ϊ˯˺ܾãΰ׽νȣÿȴ˼Ѫ
Թͣΰ뵽쵢ƻȥƬ
ʱԱոտʼ賡ء
ΰôˣ˲Щȡ
иΰ׻ñȽѯʣʦ𣿡
ΰ׵ͷˣڴͷţ⡣
ԱЦЦʦ涺
˼䣬ԱҪæͺΰ׵ˡ
ΰѲһȦֻױʦûͳ籾̨ʣѾˡ
ϤǺõģʱԲῨʡ
ΰױļϷױʦˡ


300 
ױͣΰ׾Ϳʼ㡣
ΰΪⲿӰǴģϷݿ˵൱ࡣ
æµУһܿ͹ȥ
ΰͬһжױؼҡ
ոһգºܿ͹ȥˡ
Ϊ̫æڼһֱûгʱ̽ࡣ
ټΰɽ꣬תƵɳĮϷ۶Զࡣ
͵˼УȴûԸΰһ档
£ֻÿϺΰƵԽ˼֮ࡣ
ʵϣֹΰףΰͬ
ֻΰƤֱӱֳ
Ԫǰһ죬ɳĮϷˡ
ֻ֪ҪӰӳǱ㣬ΰۿɼظ
ԭӰӳǾ۶ԶɻһСʱܵ
Ҫһ߼򵥶ˡ
ΰ׼ϢʱֳȺһذը
ʱ乤ˡ
ԪڼҺƬһ£ҷ١
һֱƬţЩ˼Ҫˡ
Ϊΰ׺ǰ빫ˣͲڴǰԴҶ֪顣
ֵڵ٩˷׷׸塣
ΰױֵò˼÷·֦ͷ͸ƻ
һչΰ׾ֱˡ
뵽ʲôУΰֻǴֻͳԼһЩҪ֤
֮ǰҪһϲⶣСҺͱڣȲҪϢ
ΪܹǰΰСҶһ˵ĺࡣ
Ǿòգΰûиı
ò˵ͷȲȥòգȷʵеӦ
òλ̫Сˣΰ׸оȺչ
ΪΰӲСʱ
ص۶ΰ·ɻʱ򣬸оȶе㽩ˡ
ǵʱȽȥſܻ˸գΰ׾ֱӴ򳵻ؼҡ
ʱڹ˾ᡣ
ΪȽ϶࣬ΰֲڼÿ춼Ӱࡣ
һֱӿϰ˵㡣
ΰڼȥüֱǰ󱳡
Ҫһϲ绰ʶԷô㻹û
ΰҪҪʱȻӿ
ڻˣ
ΰл
Ӷ˸ƣͶź棬ȴ
Ӷֵÿ֣Ȼܾ
޲ͬһ㲻˼š
׼ѵ׵ʱ򣬺Ȼо˱ϣͬʱ۾ס
ҪŵǹϤζҪקˤȥˡ
ϳΰףͷ
ͬʱرʵ˭
ΰ׿ѹ¡
ǣЦһ˵Ҳ¡ҼҵСڡ
δ䣬Ͱѱקһ§
ΰû뵽ô죬Ӧ
عʱѾš
Ŀԣȿڣ㲻Ϸôʱ
ΰʵݸǷ٣Ҿͻˡ
˵겻ڵĻᣬΰԹ˵һ䣺ôһ㶼ϲ
ԣæΪԼͣǸɵˡ
ΰһЦȷʵеɵ
׼ڵʱ򣬺Ȼΰ׵Ķӽ
๾ģڱʾ顣
ʵţ㻹û𣿡
ΰ׵ͷһԡ
⻰ۻˣʲôóʦ
ΰףóǱ׼ˣ͵ˡ
ǾͺãǾͺá
ȵӶˣ˾ȥ¡
Ա㣬ΰ״ƣ˶¥׼Ъһϴ衣
ΰϢʱ䣬ԡԡҡ
źˮ֮ͰǸӽȥ
գ۵Ĺڻˡ
ĩˣ߳ԡңţϴˡ
ΰӦá˯¹ȥ
ò˵ⷦЧǳá
ΰƣࡣ
ȵϴ裬ڴˢ΢
Ŀԣ˵߽ͬ׹ػȻȻһ
Сʤ»飬ڵ˰ҹЪ
ΰһ۳Ͷ٣ͺۡ
ôһڣûȵȥϴ˯ˡ
ڼҹӣΰֻص飬æµ㡣
ʵϣӰӳʱ䲻ࡣ
Ű£ⲿӰҪˡ
ΰ׵һεεӰڼһӰǼ
Ӱӳӣطûʲô
ΰÿһߡ
ƬھľƵꡣ
ЩĹУ׵öˡ
˭˵Ŀŵܺĵģ
ÿ춼ֻΰһ˳ţĸƨ
ΰɱ죬Ƿ׷Ƭţȴ
ҪӣܸƬ˰ɡ
ͬϣȷʵˡ
ǰһġ
ΰɱǻΪ˲ΰ鷳վϧԽûгȥ
ֱΰ״Ƭ뿪Ÿȥ
ӰɣǼԼһϵ顣
ΰӰϽ¹Ӱڡ
Ǿ߾ͰѵӰȥμѡ
ⲿӰرˡ
ΰƾɫݼΪ¹ʷߡ
Ϣһ΢˻Ȼ
Ȼû֮ǰΰףǾ̾
ΰδ̫˰ɡһεεӰõ˽¹
ЩĵӰN꣬ȴûõһĸÿˡ
ȻֶүС
ΰֱߵĽ𣬿ݣ
۲ΰ׵ĽҲܿȦ
ִѹҪС
Сʱΰ׵ķ˿ͱһ򣬱۶ǲô졣
ΰûйע΢ϵ飬Ϊ;顣
ʱ贻Ѿ˸ˡ
ΰЩĹӰ쵽Է壬飺贽㣬Ҫ¶ˣùزǱ߲ȥˡ
룬ҲУܵϹüˣӦö׼ˡ
ȷҪڲμӰ佱칫飬ΰ׾ڼҹ˰ݵ
תۼ䣬佱Ȼ
ΰ״ǰεľٰص㡣
һ³ͱǶˡ
ΰ׳˲ע⣬һ̶˸ûӰ
;֮Ƭ˵٩ʦʱڼҹòġ
ԣӻҪýˡ
ΰ׼æڰ֣λбɱңΧԱˣҰ˳ֻǸԱ
ЦЦûٽӻ
ڳ£ΰ׳°̨ͣϡ
ܿ죬佱ʼˡ
һϵл֮ˡǡ
Լйصģΰʶֱӡ
һ¹ӣŽŷ26¹ߡΰף
Լ֣ΰ׶ɵˡ
ֱ˺ߣγѰգգ۾
ߵ̨ϣΰ׽ӹյ˷ǰ˵ΪҽֻǸܵģû뵽Ȼˣ
⻰һ̨һƬЦ
ΰɤӣ˵ܸлίϿɣлֵݵָûûǣлŬǳɾⲿӰ
Ȼлҵİˣûҵܣҿû취һֱϷ
ýᣬҺʹһ¡
Һһˣлл
صС˵www.27txt.La ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ