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н˿룬ֻҲܹԭϵʹã֩ܽǧǧֻҲýƣ
֯Ľƣٲмɶ칤ķ񣬲֪ٵɻңֲ֪Ҫ˫۾ſϡ
ë͵ɫС彡۾Բֺڣͷͷɰɫͷڶββͼ⼸ҪԼĺϡ
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2
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4
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ӱûɫֽһǰ׵ƣҲСˮ飬ƺĺɫҺ壬ϵݻˣƵģԼһһըֿɰġ
̲ı͸ģǰһȦҪ߳һأϣӡ
°벿͸ʵصҬɫ顢ɱɫѸɡֵĻɫС顣
ִԲ̣ϸһ滹ŵƤûȥɾϣûѹˣԽ˷·𿴼»ˮһ󴮷ĸǣֺ˿˴޵Уȱɬдһﻹݵᡣ
ϰ벿־Ǻǹұڣ̲裬зź죬дźڣ΢΢֡
һ
̲ɫǳǳëңžͺͷë߱סˣů¡
ŸӵĲ֣һ׺֥ʿ̸ǣĭģ۾Ҳܺϰڵĸо֥ʿ㣬΢̶ȣû˿Υ͸Уܸ̲ζʶȣζŨˣһ壬һӵ
Ʒζ̦бŷǻҧһųڻţǽı顣
ظǺⱭ̲Ȥζ֮һ
𲢷ƲҲضĻк͵÷ǳãһԾΥϴȻǾñط꣬ղ䵱꣬ˮߵЯлĻҲ֤ǵĬǳδӰǵĸ飬է֮ƻǵӣһжˡ
ŰװֽϺһ㣬ţָ·һСˮᣬůģһֻϺҲѶá
һΪм仹ðڵƬԲۣϸİ֥飬ϸһԭиϸİɫɺ̦ڵĺ֥Գƣȣȴ˺øб·ܴиܴӰͯġ
ƬͣƤƣףƶ޻ܿɫ
Ƭ֮䣬ͿһŨ֥ʿĩۻϽ
ϷͮͮСϰһۣһΣѽ
м䣬ɫ֥ʿƬѾʼڻƺ˿
֥ʿƬм䣬ƬʹҶӣ˼űȳ淭Ϻڱ۵ɫһҧȥֵŴݷӵ֮䣬ȫܸܵϺʱӭܵƤﾢʣϸƷܸоϺ֭ˮŨľ֮٣ƫƫ˻ζ㾦֮ʡ
ƶסһֻϺ㣬һһҲ뱥ˣҪûǮһһҲˡ
ʱһ߸ŰװֽȴڳϺһ߽ĿڶԱ֮ԵСɵֺϡ
ĺںɫɿ۾ŴĴͷϣ¶մ
ʱСϳһĴϵЦֹֹסҲмɵˡ
Ƚ󸣴תƵٽһֵֻϺԶãһأۿס󸣣¿ǻеϺʣ̧֣ſڣҧ

5
УһҪټһݮζĴ󸣡
ʱɽɿζĴ󸣰ڿǻ˵ϳҸУֻ۾гһ죬״չĶţһֻдϰߵ
һ߸ܿһƿһӵĴ󸣣ŴƤᣬסԼ֮ĺɿʹģЩ΢΢ıͱһּɰĳ̶ȡ
һȲҧһһֻŵϺϲϺһϺڱʵ־ĿڸУһξˣǰҲϲʳǲϲˮʳġ
ΪǷΪЩˮһʳﶼʮֲֶֿ
ϺϺڱʱ򣬱ĵطһŲЩġ
Ϻ
ûпǣҪſھܳԣ׽ڸζηḻζܣ׵ãĩ֮ǰ
ͻȻһ㡣
ʱԹԶ˵У㲻֪ĩ֮ǰҿϲЩԵˣĩ֮󣬵ܸϵϴǰľôʱǰչаѧǹգ¸ڣÿ˶ȴǰŬڷܣøˣǮˣҵĹȴˣһж͸ˡ
Ҳһ»ֵøһ㣬㣬㣬Ǿû֣ԽԽˣҲ벻ܵˣҲýƵһˡ
⻹źء
Ҳ⣬ضɳ硢ʯɭִ±ԡЩֻǴȻ֡˻Եһǣǵķʱһǰδеĸ߶ȣϿһ
ѧվѧϿдҵվϰӰԸ󲿷ָʵҲԸҶ֪ǲԸͲܼûйûйʣûйʾͻȥ˶ˣӻҪȥ
һܲһӣһˣתڿţѻָͷչ˼ùһˣöԴҲҪȥ˭أ
ӹ㲥һ㲥ţû½Ŀþɹ¡
ˮҲάֹӦֻǼ۸ԽԽ󣬴ӼǮһֵˮٿһֵˮҲһ£ҶΪӻԺ󣬴ҲһˮҪǧ飬飬һǵ˵ģЩṶӲд
ÿ춼ˡ
һһ
¥ϵھˣĳһԶˣǾδͬѧˣ컹ͬ£ٺѵĸھһˡ
ʱɴۣëҲסͫףһһ󸣣ڳݲ˵˶٣ƺˡ
ûһᣬ󸣶ԹˣոճֵĲݮҲû⡣
ɫȸղźÿЩЦһɲζ·ղȥĴѾѸٱһ֣ҧһڵڶմ򿪵Ϻϸʣڳ˵ݮ󸣵ζддᣬɿڣ۷۵ɫŮݮҲʣ֭ˮ㣬ɫĲݮζ壬˵ͷһʾͻȥˣڼζˡ
ʱɿ˿ϵʳֿһЦб߳Ա˵ллҺϲĴ󸣺ʹ󸣵ζ
Цѵֻϲ󸣣
ʱҲЦȻֹ
Ի㵽ΪֹԶʧǳǴɡ
ʱɵͷȥҲڽʳʱҪ̽Ϣ̫ˡ
ȻǳԷһӵʳǾֻԷͺˡ
һȰʳ˵һϲʳǰ϶ϲÿ˶ҵ
ٶȸˡ
Ⱥȿֳ֣һѩ̣ﹾ࣬ѸٳϺͼŴ󸣣һϣֶ˵һƬһ׿һһֻ޹ըһ顣
Ӧһû࿴һۡ
½ʳ²;ߣɫг硣
ʱɳȶԸɾˣһʳ궪ڽűߵͰﲻСĵȥʳ£ֽҲȥøʪֽ˲ֺʮؿϣĳԵԲĶӣƵ죬ƵģԼԽЦˡ
ôǵﲻֹһˣתͷȥƺûϢֿٺЦ£æʰһӣۼһ飬ûˣȻΪʲôˡ
ҵ·һֻҪˣͺɹ̫һůʣȫֿɿж⣬ѵúʱ⣬ûԸ˷ѵʱ򲻳Żú÷ɣٷķȥ鷳ΪԼֹعˡ
ϻʣһ̲裬ʱɽ߹˹һֻֿűԼķбſڵסܣӺĺﶼƵĹ๾ֻ࣬βڷɹ̫ĺèƤë͹ˮֻҪһ۾ͷ·ջ·ȥһë
ڣƺ̫ûгŨˣ˻ôż̾һЦ⣬пһ
ϣҡҡͷԣԣôأοҲξһ졭
ԽԽСһ첻ﱻ׷ƣһԭֻһΣƫƫ·ţ˵ȫ֪ȫ˵ȫֲ֪ȫˡ
ʱɵＸ˱仯͵ҶֻǸ࣬ǲġ
˵껰ʱɵͷԳЦЦֺһ̲裬ǵǳܿɢˣգ۾ƺڷƺʲôû˵Ҳ̫ˣϾҵ꿴Ͳûħӡ
һСֽӣOO@@ִֽＷһźͮͮСԲǹԲΣƫԲмѿһЦ⣬ҲǺɫģžϸ࣬͸ʵĳµƤֿɰ
ζƫ̣ûϺʵζҲܳǱصζ
һźԲǴıһֽʱһʮŰݣһŵĴСͺ֮ǰ󸣲࣬ЩԵ͹⣬壬ֻ˾Խÿ϶Ҳóԡ
ʱڿо׽һűѧ۾ǾΥˣϸ룬һʱ֪Ƕ֮ǰҳԹҲϲ
ҪܵõطҲȥ֮ڼҲܰа취˰æٶЩԵġϧ
ǲܡ
ֺһ̲裬ֱ۳ıֻʣ֮һ̲ɫ֥ʿ̸ǵĸĭƮϲ㵴ȥΧѹȾɴɫѸίίѹ£ɫѾԹˣҪôǱɸС飬Ҭǿֿʮ־ǿ
ʱɿʼζ̲豭

6
ϵʳﶼʱɵĶӡ
̲裬ӵײһ϶ϷŹҪܽϣʳܵǻŰݣΪ̫ԼǺԼǵҲ֪ôộǲԵƵġ
һǱ߱ϾʹһͷܵһͷһײĿǻڲֳһʱˣûע⵽˸תһһ䣬ЩɵʱɵȥǿҪ˵ġ
ȻڣԸ⿴Լ¿ʳһٷһˣҲ϶ԸʱԼԸЩǺԼĿ˱˻߲ˣֲǿҽԺҪˡ
СΪá
ʱɽһ߲ʣһ׿ˮ̲豭ﵹȥֽ˵ıӣ̲豭˻Σһȹˣһ룺пɲǺǵӣһˣԼԼãá
ѼӶͰϣһԼĲӣ⿴˿۾ȥ֪ôԼﻰ˵ˡ
аѩѳˣ΢ů͵㶼»ˣĵԽڻˡ
ۣЦô
ʱɴ˸飬ͻȻͲ¶½ʱ˲٣¶Ц⣬ֻӵ²Ӭ֣ٺЦа͵ҸղʲôҲû˵ʲôҲûôû˼ǹð
ʾ֭˵ĽͽͿѿѣŻʲôġ
￴ƺڹ̨ʲôӣһ飬۾а㲻ɱҰ
ڵһվһʱˡ
ӹ̨߳Ȼ֮ǰǱҡҡͷʮºͣЦ˷
ʱԶϺ䣺˷͸·ˡ
۵һ޳
ߵſڣȥֻǾվſ⿴գգۣƽ˵Ҳûؼȥˡ
ʱʶӿڵûмˣУ
Ӱãɫ˲Ϣƶɰƽȣƹºͣ΢΢ơ
߳ڣۣŻΧεɥʬ˼ûʲôоɥʬǸλĺƵģҲ䣬Ҳӣתˣ˻𣬽ŲȴԽԽܼһȺɥʬˡ
ĺͽŲ紵½ǣƵššƬͲ̫Ĳϣľˣƫƫ֮Ҫͷһûע⵽ҸղŹȥ
ûԼ˼һƬĴɥʬ룬ʣЩûѾʼܺԣ֮ززˡûҪȥ׷ǰɱɾ˼ֲΪ˾ˣô
ɫƽֻһǱףڹ¾ջˣɸɾǳˡ
ʱڲǰգգۣеӡ
ˣæվֲ֪ʲôģվſڣЩ޴뿴ŵվڹ̨ӹ̨ҲתЩ޵Ŀעʱɡ
ʱͻȻĿĽš
ʣ㲻ȥط
ʱһЩ죬ˣ·ߣһ·ܻصȥˡ
氲ȫˣ٣ûɥʬȻҲûôóԵʳˡ
תͷգգۣЩʣаһлԵ𣿡
ЦˣǱѩڣ˵׼
ʱ䣬嶼߳ȥˣҿǺ᲻ãһֻץһſ򣬿ʣаһȥܸ𣿡
ЦºࣺȻԡ
ֻЦû֮ǰ˾ˡ
Ҳǲˣֻûôˡ
ʱСɿ֣ſϲֻ࣬Ƕ˵㺹Եðһ㣬վڵָ𣺡аԵټ
ͷ૵ҿɲֻܳһΡ
̧ͷʱ򣬵Ѿˡ
Ȼ֮ǰشһҵӵʱתռ
ʱ̾һֵͷԭôʵ
Ȼ˺ʱɣʱɣʱС˵ңܵȥˣ
תһŮŮˡ
ЩڵĻȽһߣԱȻڵ๤ߣһƵʺͼʶȽϸߣͨĹɨΧɥʬռʡԮṩ仯֮ࡣ
ʱ̫ˣطѰĶ鿴ͽˡ
ֻܲһ¡
ˣ⸽Ƕת˼Ȧ׼ߣû뵽ͳˣС۾һ۾ͿˣǶûҪԼߣ˵׼ǻҲˡ˵ʱȥĶˣ
ʱɻشȥռȡزˡ
ɥʬռȫǵĵطʮΣգΪû棬컯ֲﶼмĹԺʱܱĿ꣬ö֮ȥɱӳش඼ҸɥʬĵطȥЪš
ã˵
һ˲ȥԼڰٷ֮ٵĵط
ϷɥʬǶǵռ
ʱɲǸһˡ
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Сӵһ˵ҲȥΪ֪ô˵á
ʱɲϲ˵ζŨĻü˵
СһŮЦ֪㲻ϲЩ˵ˣҲ̫ܲˣȻһ˳ԱȫҲغôҲҪšʲôôȫȫβ˻ͦɾ
ʱɴ˵ȥȡزĵģȡĵȻͻˣһУԳԱҴǰûҲ˵֣Ȼһʱ˵ȴҲûӡƺͷһˡһ
ЦʱС˵ҲǵһǷ˱˵ľ֮ˣôǰû˵ʣôôķڷ
ʱɿ˶ԷһۣЦǰһûȼˡ
˶٣˵ķڷɲôȥ㱨ʱϸ˵˵Ǿ֪ˡ
Ůʣ˾ˣҪǶôȥ
ʱЦԼһҵ꣬ˣһ˵´лᣬ˵ɡ
һʣ㶼뿪һˣǵǼһ𣿡
ʱһ㶣һ£Ҽǵã˳һͻˡ·Ҳ͹ȥʱ䣬ѡɥʬǣãһҲǲС
û棬ЦԽֲˣȥʱ֪ˣƭʲô
ʱɵ˵ͷʣС˵ôˣ
ŮЦһȺҲȲһȻҶдģдĹ¾ǱȲĺÿҲ㣬ǿάƶѡȥҶҪ̼ˡ´Ҫȥߡ
ʱૣҵĹµˡ



7
ǣɫ֮䶼һŨȼζǰƺҲЩƯתǵأվ֮ڣ·ʱһӻָȥӵ״̬۾Ҳ
ֻǿѹ֣Ҫ̤˵أ˶ȥ
ͨٲҪˡ
ȥĴ
̧ͷܵͣͷغܺ
ڶ磬ŵס𣿡
˿ͷȱߴת

ûϵġ
գ۾
ȥˡ
һεΣտɲһô׽Ķˡ
ϵͳһ䡣
ģ⻰룬ЦЦãҿ
˵ţŵ߳ȥɢŲ⣬ֱ̧ͦͷܰϵ۾ҲˣէйؾҲƺ˲Ϣη
ֻǣǹת˲š
ĽŲּڰ͹ƽɽ֮䣬ƽأ˷·մ

һӵԶԶ˹
ƥ֮ŭ
̧һңԶɽԼҡڳβسڿն
ȷ˷һ̤ʵصǿָ̣⶯˶磬Ʈҡ̧𳤵׼Ӵ䵶
ƣƺ˭ڵڴһ
ˡ
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ԭסˡ
ġ
ôһȣ߰ͷβˢˢϿ·˶ʼˣ˿ڴŧˮȪƵϷɳϻϵѪҺŨĵĳζ
תתڴ־סϡ
֪ǲζŨʱڵſŻ£üͷ¶ʹ顣

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Ѹ˿ڣֲ˲֣תķ˼ɳ
Ųһ٣ΪҪˣȲ֡
ת˿óԷ廹ڲָúܺá
𣿡
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ܡ
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ӦǺǿˡ
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ӵǿҧ۾ˣҲ֪»Ǽ߽ٺңֻ岻ˡ
˴ۣüƺ뵽ʲôüЦ̽Էǰߡ
ŵˣʶˣӲԼˣվԭأֻɫֱɫ
ЦһֹסŲ˵ߡ
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ĽŲܿ죬Ǳ߹ǳģڲżˣڷŲȶԷ΢һٶȣֶԷֻ߲ܷ
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ĪֲųѵĴḩ̂ۿһΣԼˣ룺ˣ˼ġ
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궼е·ˡ
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ܵԼĶһ޶ֻ·ͷһˮʱл˶Ѳ٣ʾҪɣԲעҪˣ֮ǰ԰߻մ̼ΪԼڵʱ
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ЩܿƶǿվסˣѾ͵ȣŲȥһһ㡣
Ѿ֮ǰ·ϵľȫ˼룬ŬѹԼļͲӿտգҲ벻ˣҲˣֻǵԼҪȥ
ڽȥ֮
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ˣҲſˣԼ˹̨ȥ˳ϳӣȥ˶ˮȥˣͣһ¾ºˣڵվһӦ̧ȥ˼һۿڹ̨е𾪡
΢һζӳ£ʮָӡ
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ͨ˻в֢Ŀܣʮʿײò٣ͨеĲأԪӤ٣׾裬ͨȫ࣬ϸĲˣҲᡣ
ôһ룬Ӧð
ۿ˿ˣʣ°ɡʲô
ͽұſڵĲǽǰһӣ߼ʮְȫλá
ͻȻˣգգֱۣͦ壬ΣԳʿҵʱش̬ȣɣɳо֮δҪڴ߶ţȫƾɳá
ЦһˣҲ㲻ƵģһȻЩͷ秵ĻҲ϶Է˵ˣ˵ȽڶˣһٷҾȥͳҵ꣬Ҳˡõʲô𣿡
ԥһ»ش¶
СԽ˵ԽСû׼֪
ƺţתʣʲô֣
ߣ绢ĸЫߡ
ôһ˵԰һۣûбӴЩС̽Ƶ˵ɳţһϵŵӣʦ츳׿̾ϧʱȻѲܷ޲ħȴҲЩ¡
֣üһûֻۣǵţ˵ʲô
߿ʼֹ

8
 лֱ˵
ߵԽԽ죺֪ɳԺ
ԳƺΪԱ
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׼ȷ˵ҵͺӡ
ߣһʱĿЩŲֱֲӣԵЩĪĶˡ
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ߵĻ˶٣ɳ֪ȻҲ֮УȻ˵ΪʦʦΪΪ֮ҳɳˣֱ಻ͻţɳˡ
ش޿⣬֮ǰô˵𵱶߷磬Ƚˡ
һᣬ˵ˣĲ϶ǴСġҲǿֻƺɳҲԡ
ĺ⣬˵ֺ죬Ȼû˵ҲҪǻƤģЩҪ޵ݱõġ֪ǲǴǰҲô˵
ҲǶôϴǣôʧͣеġ
ֱëϷı΢ȥһķ磬Ҳˡ
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۾˵ͷ¶ɣ㳢ʻƼõζȽƤɴ࣬ڲڱ㣬ɫǰѪĺ죬õ廨ͷۻ¶ˮɣֻõ廨꣬СԵʱҪˮȻܱס
ϣƼˮĲǰˮŪ֡
ˮҲк֪ܶ࣬㳢˱ûУ֮࣬ͨϷࡣ
Ҳ㲻⣬ѡһ곤ƼˮϣҪ׿˵һͺã⣬мͣ
࣬ܶඹӣ̶֭ɫƫ֣̽ûʲôζ
࣬ȫǣǣǣˮǺƷ϶ɡ
࣬ǣжӣей߸ࡢҶƤȵȡ
࣬ǡ֦Բ轡ջꡢӹ
㿴ѡɡ
ϲˣǧǿ
𻨾ƣ𻨸⣬ţ⣬׷ͷﶼС
ʵѡҲܸһײ͡
棬ͷǾɳԣһõʻһ곤Ƽˮ֪ɷһ̳һ𣿡
˵ţĺˣ뿪ʦ֮ȾΥɵ顣
˵ָ⣬αתתȥԼβͣҲ˸ߵĻָ㵽ͷģҲѸپԼһ£βȫԶƵˢγӰ֣ܿ㵽ȥˡ
ֻ¶һ˫۾Сֵı֡
渵߻δ䣬Ѿڿʳ
һҶε֥ʿԲ̣ɫʻ
һϴС룬ӣǰ׻ͱܣָɺɿ߲ɫĲɿƬ
һС룬ûȭͷ󣬰׵ߣźɫӺͰɫӡ
ٱϣһСǩͲװͨͨľǳɫָǩ
һŷͬС룬ͷͽβһ͸Сӡ
ֱʢţ顢ɿۡ顢ըмըͷƬ춹ɳɫζͬıܡ
߶һ飬۾
ҧһʻﹾཹཡ
û˼˵ˡ
ڳԵһڳԵϲͣӺȻײʲôô͵Ķһ͵ǳɫҺ塣
ˮڻӡ
ζܱȽƫ̲衣
ӿڸ˳
ЩҺмƽһư׷ĺɰ֪ô߲ϴһӦȪĦ༷Ѹɡ轸ɡӹ춹̶֦߸ࡢǡƤƤ顣
Щĵ£ճ۵ĺǽǾİƹġ
ӽ֮ܿǰԵһ͸ʵصķۡ
ϸһ㣬ǵĿڻ
ӵײѹһѹпܸܵ׵İ͹ƽ
Щ飬ÿһһʳһ㴿൰׵ļ
΢΢𣬵ζǴˮģﲢûǣԵ˵ƻеɣһָоʹһһˡ
ŵ˳ԲעͻᱻʳﻬȥĴ
Ʒú
˵ϲͲҪǿҲԣΪԼ
ºʳ˵ͷӦһʮרע
ŵٴתת̧һӱϻһĵˮƺǱºֱһأϰ벿ֺ죬°벿ɫдȣɫд䣬ʱм䣬ϲ¡
ùˮġ
ﵹЩˮϻЩ淺ɫ״ƺеͣߵĲˮ״̬
Ƶģֽһ󣬻˸ӣưʳ
Եֻʣһʱӹ˹ΣˣּˮС˼ˮһٴκȹˡ
ʻҲһʣ
һܸܵʳĿַֿ֡ģ򵥴⵽Ľĳ̶ȡ
е㱻Ⱦ
ִڵůɫƹºˡ

9
лֻǲ֪ЩʳҪǮƣɳʯ
߰ЩС붼ȫꡣ
һۣأڲԺˣԼ߻㡣
ȿɿɣɳ㲻Ҳ
۾˵ᡣ
߾׽ѸЦɳԺ󻹻Ὺ𣿲֪Ƿл
ڤڤ֮ж
ߵЦݵȥ
˵ǿҵѡ˹˿ͣ㣬˻ȥǵðæ
ԺʳȶˣտҵͽĹ˿ͻչ˵ġ
һᣬ˯ȥˣ߷˽ʳ˵ʳƬС㡢°װССʳŻȯӦݵ֤ܵԱáԱļǮʱ˵ɡһʱûеġ
ߵ˵ͷӦһ
Ͼ֪۾ʱ򣬾ǿüǿ
˸Сϣ߷룬룺
֣ɳѩһˣҵڵⶼȫ෴Ȼڸ룬ȴҲǽģҪ̫ɹѩˣ˶޵ģůģƺҪһѩˮˡ
ҵĲòɳֱʣҲ̵ס鲻Բȥұ鷳ӡ
ʣȥ𣿡
߿ӣҪɳƼģ
ۿЦð
ǣֵһӵıܣţζɿζĨζζ̵ζ
ƴ󸣵˶˵ԲԲһŴƤŵѩӡ
γԵúˣʱ䣬ֲʵģ
ͦϲġ
Ȼʳﲻģʳģ˿ϲȻܺá
һȻˣȴűĲ˵˵˵úʵ˼
һ߳ԣһ߿ʣ֪ɳǰӺδ
˵ӣֻû
գ۾ʣɳԭǴ˽֮ˣҲ֪˵ؽ֪ɷָһ
Ц㵱Ǹ𣿡
ʲôҪʡȴ˵Ҳ֪˵˵
ܾ͵͵Ƿʵòˡ
Ȼ˵˵һ˵֪ģҲûʲôܡ
̦֮ıܣЦ֪ģҲǺܶࡣ˵һ˵ɳһͺá
ǰ˵Ǻܾ֮ǰ绹ûߵʱԳչݻܵ㻯õӣ׳ԽԽ࣬ԴԽԽ٣ΪƼ֮һͬģҰġ
ĺ£㼣̤磬һ죬Ҫ뿪
ĿƼֻ֮ҫĳЩˣѡһ·
עӣ߸ǿڵĻعҪҪʵ֡
ңԶҫ۵żȻһƳֻĿꡣ
ǣֳ֣һߣϲһߣܾš
ʱڶòɿ
ϲǱߣһֱһߵ൱ӺʵƷѶĥ
һӴܣԸԳм㣬Щţ˷Χ£һҵҪʵԸ
ܾŵǱߣͬõϢ編ƣöԴͬİ취Դʧˡ
⣬ֵ඼ʧˡ
ܾʵԸҪҲҪץk̰࣬ûֹ̬һ£ץסkƵkɱk͵λҪΪá
ûԴУΪԼ̰˴ۡ
վһ˿ڵ࣬ǵ

ڵЩ֮ҲλڸǵĶãණѾ𲻿ˣ˵ǰɻɷڲˡ
ϡɶѣҪֻ·һ
ͷ֪ʲôȥ˶ܿȥôģǣֿʬطȥˣʲôҲûҵԽ⡣
öãʬµĵط᳤ŹֲֵŤĶεߡ
ǿ󣬳ª׺ݣ񶾣Ҫܶܶʳ
ǴˣҲԹֲӺͶ̣ݡءˮʲôԣʲôܳ
ÿγһٲһطðһʱ䡣
Ⱥ֮ͻȵʱ򣬷ǿ
Ӧٶȣһɱͻܶࡣ
ȻҲײɱһһˣܱһһȺ˺á
ҡҾˡ
һεҲ߻ûôҲûô׶Ҳûж
һΣҾ⸽߻û֡
һ㣬Χ˱ߣһضøߣҲˡ
˵ţһ£һѩӣ׽
һ˯ģ˵ˣۣߵȻ
۾ˣһְֻڹ̨ϣվ⡣
˵ʱˡ
壬ʱͲʲô¡
Ȼˡ
ȻƽȣѾˣĻεߵʬ·ĳ̨˶ĽţͷβĴڵϣҳ죬һƬһƬ䡣
ĳֿľ˺ҧѪɣѪĭƮƾնһѪȷ硣
ûþͳѪɰͰ͵Ƥԭأһ˵Ƥڴӡ
۾ɣԽɱ
ߵʳľ벻Σȴ˲Ϣë
ڽʳеĸߴܵʳӻûеվҲԾתͷҪ
𣿡
һ
ʳһͷ档
תͷȥĲǻɽȣǿպ
е͵ԵѩӣתͷɳҪȥ
վڹ̨ƺöĶһѳ߳ԸЦ˼һʱ᲻ܻȥˡ
߻߽ʳʵΪʱΣ״̬óʶһäĿΣʳֶһֱӻ֣뷨ǣȻɳҿ϶ǰȫġ
ʳıΧԼܣڵڵĿ˻ܵӻõĿ˻ᷢĶʳ뿪֮ǰЧЧΣͷ⡣
ôžΪÿ˶ʳߣΪͻȻΣԼܡ
ߵͷűߵһϳⲻͨ룬ҲޣȻ϶ɳŵģССһ֪սô˶˵֪ܰʲôæ𣿡
˿ʣҪǸҳȥ
ҿЩйشӺʳһеίĻӦ
˵ͷߡ
ﻹûüպõĺ档

10
ɳ
ֿ¶޹׵ӣղźĲ
ЦҼҵȻᵽطҳȥһͻҲڵչ˱ܣô
ͷܳϿҡ
룬ֲ˵ҪǶˣ˵ʲôУҪˣǽϢߣȥ䣬Ӧ˯֪𣿡
ߵͷ
˲ء
ʳǺѾͣգգ۵Ĺ򣬵һƬϣ⿴̧ͷ죬ͷص͵ֲģֲĶԼϸ飬ƺڣƺڡ
ֻЩֺùͷˣȫûΣգ˿߽ȥԺҲҪٳ
Ա֮ǰʳ⿴ʱ򿴼ЩֱһƬƽܰá
߿棬ͷ˵죬ĩ֮ǰ
ȥҹλصУǵĩ֮ǰãһжܺãֻҪûĻá
ͷۣЩɥϧ
ϧǰҹλأȫξ롣
ڣƬ״̬еĻʶҲЩΪʵֵ󣬲ȫ١
˵˵ǹȥӡ
ûлͷ˵Ļˣһ۵⣬ֻŵ߳ȥ
ڵ
תߣһξ룬ҲŸ߽˼ǣôô
߻ع̧ȥӰԶȥˣԼɫֲ֮䣬ӰӶˡ
ſڣ˵ʲôҲûУӰӶѾˡ
߾ֻŵ̾һ˵ɳ˰ɣһǿĴڣֻǣҿȥܾ࣬ûĸǿ٣Ҵʶ𣬵ΪֹҲֻôһôģ
ɴ۾źװףôʷЩ˵ˣܿңҲῴ㣬İɣ
βҲҡˣƺȥҧԷһڵӡ
һʱ͸úˡ
߲̫һЦж˵ңðɳҾ͸״㣬϶Ϊչңھ۸ң²¿֪Ժ㣬ȹң
ͷһˣֻ۾ôԲˣ𾪵ؿŸߡ
ϾȻô޳ܵˣ
֮ǰԼʲôܰæģ֮ǰûչˣ۸ң˼˵۸㣿ޣ
Ÿ߽
ɴ䣬вζԱòҪ£ȻҾʹ˴㡣
߿óЦ㲻ޣô鶯ãѵǡ
˵ţϳ˵ӣ۾סˣգ۾źͷĻ룺ǣȻС
ѵɳȦСʳ
Цж
𾪣ЩһҧȥԭתȦǵ뿪֮ǰǻչˣ֪Ҳǲĸߣǲô鷳϶ͲֱӶŸҧһڸ͡
˸һۣһͨҽУֺתص˹̨ڣڵûп˵ʱͨڹ̨ϢŨϲһȷʵΪĳ˵ˣݼڣҲϲϢʵϸ˵ĸоǡǿ
ϲǿĴڣҲϲǿĴڵϢϲӡ
Ϣڣִܻߣǿܻ˸еȺƽ
ĬĬڹ̨ǽǴϢ֣ͻȻƽˡ
룺ҲĶƽϡ
߰һᣬʳزһ߽ʳһ룺֪ɳʲôʱ
ᵶֲ߽İΧȦЩֲϢ꣬Բע⣬һ̾ҪԼȼȻûйַչ򶼺ˡ
ֲ߾ֲǴû̷𹥻
濴ɫһƬƺӽȥƺޱ޼ʡ
ҰҰ֮УǿСɵĻ䣬ĻһĨɫ
ӵϲ㣬ĳֲ֪֩룬ұ⣬ֻģѧϲģѧ³͵˿֯ɿɿڳճҺ岶׽Ҫι̵ļȴʱ͸ϲ֩
Ҷһ飬µҶӶЩɣݰ˥䣬ԽϿԽǸҶӣʷʺ̵ɫɫͬ棬Ź֣·ĶѨͶѰ·
ʱ򣬴ȻһжϺͿǣ²ȵһڸõͬʬ壬ֺ²ȵľ࣬Уţ䣬һ֣һʧ
ҲһƬ˵ֲĳֻΣյж֩Դ첢άء
ǲ󴳣δ˵ĵ̣̫ͨá
ȷԼǲ⡣
ֱƻĻܾԼ־Ǳ
á
ͬھĴҲʣΣգһ㹥ҲЧ
սʱжٶȲ죬һ·֮Ͳ̫˼ˣҪΣգҲΣԼȥŵķݣҲ̫ˡ
֦ȻҲơ
ӿжٶȣ˲Ƶĳȥ
Σûҵ
ҲûΣա
ÿϧ
üͷҲؼǰߡ
ڸһȦûҵһˡ
ʵڲ̫Ӧãû˵ĵطҪôȥʳ
ԽԽԶȵ߻ʱʱѹȥ¶࣬⻹ȫ·
վڵſڣŵƬֲ磬û仯
ڵ͸߶˯ˡ
˿ߣһ¾;ˣıſһ壬һײϣôСһֻԵıӣĪ뵽һˤԲͻԼ£̽ͷϿ˷ࡣ
ǵ˶ã
գ۾βҡҡλΣڶ죬ͬش𣺲òãҵ˵ڵʱ䣬͵ٱʮһһ£ͷҲһ졣˻ˣҪ͸߻ȥ
ҡҡͷЦȻܵʱٺòٵһ£һٱһ
գգۣԥһ£ðɣ
ó˼һ꣬һСʱ
㹻֧ţٲ̫ѣֶּסڼ켸ҹ͵Լȥʵڼֲסķһʱ䣬ֻҪ˯ţҲֲˡ

11
뿪ʳ꣬й䣬αһμҴɨƵٶҪö࣬ʼ۲ΧֲͶٶ̫ܵĹҲϴζࡣ
ϵĢͻȻͷٱը
ߵŲϣʱпܵһɽƵ
㳤˳ſ֦ż̫׽׽з߿һڹʵ
ˮģͷϵһģһҲʲô
Ȱͷľܶ˰ɫֲƺ̦ƺǺ壬ƺˮв
Źǣżڣεͷβͣڻ֫ƽʱ۾ûг٣ʱֻ۾Ѫ죬úҪ˻˻ҰβͣѿȳƺһƤ¶Ѫڡ
Ŭǰ첱ӣŹֶ͡
ÿһˮĵطһֻĶ
ߺ£װԼֲ㶹һߣֻǾᾪǣˣΪǾֲҪҧһڣж˿ںСûһܳһˣСһҲһ̵֫ĵز
ǸеȤ֮һֳϲˡ
ǣ·ϣʶĶԶ֮ʶģˣԼȥ档
ôһȦˮߣĪһСᱻסĸоͼˮĿ֮ˮ֮Ƿб½ػС
ϵͳҪһҴڼװ⿴Բȣ߲ݣѵе˷ܡ
ԼߵģͲÿƣˮһɫ÷ˣҲ㣬
ʱ򣬴׻ᴥ֮ϵͳһ£ˡ
ʱ䵱ӿһ棬ǸˣǸˣܾٵʲô
ͺȻǰҲûˮƯֻǰǸʱȻֻԼԼֹһҲʲôҲһԲȲ߲ݣǡһԼʱһ棬һ⣬죬Ȼڸࡣ
оǲһ
ġ
ƵһƬŨصҹɫڶҴ׵塣
ŨסҹĻʹѹסͷβΣ˴ڴϣŴһһʯгײʧ֣ף¡¡קŴΣյȥˡ
Х޹⣬£ˮɣ˴һģ·ֽһ׵㡣
Բȥ
ڵһˮǳҽʯһתĸ֪ʱˡ
ΧƺܵĸȾ׷ɢȥ٣ΧҰЩһǰĽʯϣɢɢżź󱳵纣壬Ũܶңȳ°βסߣֱǰڽʯϵֺϸֱֱۡ
ʮָУָԳͷϲưҹɫ֮̽ͷ¹֮ǺһжһʵλþأƼ٣ޡӣԽԽ٣Ǹδֹͣ
ǲôܵӰģģϱڲصķ񲻿Ͼͷò׷ۿҪõ˿ڡ˺ˡ
ʳ֮ǰ״̬ôϵͳҲ϶жϣϣ΢Щ±濴ҲԣǿһȻͲôָһǿֱɱЩ
ҲôױɱĶˡ
źʲմߣѾˣûѡҲøģʺϵԽԽ
ڸսʱںԾʶԼһ㡣
ķѾ˺Ƥңڴˡ
ҪԼϣƤҵʱΪߣ¼Ϊ룬º;Ƥ
һԼƴ̽ͷסƻȥˣߣϷʱƤѿѺۣصĴϵµ˺ѿĺۼ
ûܶʱ䣬ż
ԣʱ䲢ûȥãѺۻ޲ЩͿʼ̼ˡ
û취ˣˣϱˣƤ̯ȥǹЦݻȡٴû˼
Щĸһǿҵζ뵽һãƺʵֱĻǰмһ٣ٴ죬뵽һʹ࣬ϲ̰գԹᣬ룬󲻵ã֯ʢ
ӸԣץסԳֵƣõĻˣԸ塣
һˣǵóѣϧֻķ
۾ͽóԼĳ˹˻֣˴ϡ
һͨ˵ȫѰľٶ
ﴫĸ΢ɲһ٣ת˸εĵӣΪгһɥ裬ȻԷʮνģҪ˵仯ҲΪˣԳеźźô׾ˡ
ûϵкܶʱ档
̤ˮиߵͲƽĽʯ貨΢һǰʱԾʱƽأټַ·һ̾Ҫˮȥ˶Ͱ˼ָ߶ȡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬գգ۵ĹѾӴϵЩﱳĽϡ
ǷӦˣҪһɱ¶ͷģֻʣһ
һ㶣ԮڽʯϣȻ֪ѾɱˣȴûԼߵͬͬô׾ǰӦɵˡ
˸λվסӸ£ͷ¹ǰһʣµġ
ⶫǰ涼һͷֳֶͷɢͷµֱԶ۹⻬Ҹɾʾɣͼԡαװ
ָȷʵʮм͸ıĤָ׳䣬ָһָɫóģĲէһͼûС
˿ⶫָ׽סµʯͷܴ׵ĽʯѾָ׾ֱȥˣèצĭɡ
°Ǵִصβǿбһȫ򲻿Լܿȵ״ɫ̣һ㲻ÿƬеըƬµѪⶼǿǣ
Ժܿ϶ԼղŸûһֻ𹥻ҲܷιನԴһֻ¡
ֶŻ˾ͻԼŪԼ𣿻ΪʾΪװ
õöԷԿǣҬƵģû뵽óѵ
ֶ£ԷԿѪϣڴ
ԷеίõͷС̧ͷͼ۲ɫ
봧Ħ飬ڴԼܱŹ

12
¶һº͵ģЦУ̧֣õá
ԷƺΪжеͣȻίֺ£ŲӵͷһãҲû仯
βƬµѪ۳һɣµδδˮȥ
ջԼĵԷʣ˵ô
Է㶰ΣӲ֪ʲôＷ˻ư䣺ᡢ˵˵
ģһϳġ
ĨһͻȻָܵԼ˺Ĵ֪һɱˡ
ܵ仯Էæ֣ǳŹֵͽͣתۣ𡢱ɱң
Ȼģв
ǵ츳ơ
ʣ֪Լ˵ʲôô
Էͷ֪֪ɱҡ
ѧģ
ͷ
ûУ
ҡͷ
㣬ж٣
Է¶ãȻı飬Ȼǰֻͷ
ʲô
е㺦£Ҷش㣬㡭
ͿͷʪµˮӿľͷƵʣԣ⣬ˣһγˣûбģ
֪ˣ
ˣˡˣ
ҡҡͷͻȻúû˼ʣƽʱסʲôط
ڵ£ˮҿԴ·
˵
ʣǲһ
ҡͷ
ͷ·
ˮԶԶصϣǱ߽ըƵˮջĿ⣬תͷ˸ˡ
ɴ൷ٶԷϳɱЩܵв룬ˮ²֪㣬ˮ㣬϶ɾˡ
ø㣬˷ʱ䣬
·Զȿ˱Ļ˵
ˡ
һϣͼընʱ򣬴ڳһžĲҽˮĴҽǳĿŵڳĵϱȥԵûʮ㣬ϵˮ鵽ɹҲɻ峱ʪ
ò˳
Լǳɱ֣ԼһӶٿһˡ
ͻȻʼǽĿԡ
ԶԶ·һֱ̫Ѩ
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18
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ϡЦôöĸģõϱֻ͡±͸㣬ҲҲõģУЩδȫԼֵİɡ
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ָ治ϵ·𣿡
ЦϵãȥҲǲУֻ鷳ȻôԼȥҲɣ߰ɡæȥһˡ
ץסҲæпգ~
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ͬΪ¡
㼽ͻȥڴ߻ֵпдܣ´һκãöණطûüء
˵ͷȥɡ
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תſڵĲߣЦƺȫˡ
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ȻϲһӽĴڣǸ߱磬ܲǿϡ
˵ǵùҹʵҲ޿ɲɡ
ǰŻԵñ˸ºЩ

21
ǿδ顣
߶Ц˵ʱٲҲ̫Щ
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ߵ˵ͷʣɳʱȥҷú̸̸𣿡
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ЦҲûʲô̸ģ뵽ʲô˵ʲôҪ˵仰ȻǴȲ˭˸£Ҳ㲻ˣֻӵɳʲôʱпգչչˡ
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룺˵֪ǲǺĸо飬Ļһ档ʱҵ߻Ϸĥĥʱˡ
ʣɳԸȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷ߰ɡ
Цɳûȥҵסء
ȥ㼵ס
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סԣ塭
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ͱĺ
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ЦûʲôģҲûٶ˶ô᲻Ҫأ
˵ô˵浽ʱδؼǵԼ˵Ļء
һ䡣
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ЩʱñĿ±֡
ˣȺѡһ죬ȥ̬̽ȡ

22
ˡ
ȺȺǱһȺ㺰ʱ򣬴ະǴˣżẰˣûиͳһƺҲģˣߺɳﺰˣ㼶ĳƺǴ˺˽ġ
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˵ɵÿʼ֣Ц֪˿ɷǴ½طһСǣ
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Ҳضֻ࣬Ҫһ£ʱǲվˮ

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ﶼ֪˼ǣ˾˾ʹ򣬹ɱǵӾ죬Щǻ֮󳤳Сģ˵֪飬һģǸջûվȽŸǾͳ
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վſڣ㶼
֮ȥϢķ䣬ʣ

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Ĭˡ
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ʣ֪˿ɷޣ
еš
Цֲûס
˵ţȻᳵ·
ŵ΢˷ţ֮ǰ鲻̫

23
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֮ǰҰЩ
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ʣǶĻΣ𣿡
ЦҲòǣ֮ǰҲûʲô
ͷ

24
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Цȥһܻ£Ҫʳľʳģܵ˾һο͡
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ץסӵĶ䣬ڰ˦˦ӵ۾ҡҡλκʹȣë΢΢ը˵е򡣡
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ҲҪըëˡ
Цúãǡ
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˵ͷȥˡ
˵䣬ʳ̨
㼽ڲ˦˦˦һŲϸƤһСľӲϣӺ淢
ػ˸λã˲֣棬ҪĵáϺͼ嵰嵰ҪԵе㽹Ƶ֡
һ̴ֱܽ
һţƬһ̣Ƭһ̣Сһ̣˿һ̣
ӷʮ㣬ȫûܵӰӡ
һɫƤëϱȥڱĴ档
ǰϣ㵥ʳʼӡ
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һᣬ·˺ɫɫĸɱһƵ³صѣһںʯĥܻҲɵİ·ǣOO@@ڱϣһĩ
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ϺʣϺԣϺѿƻΪһ̸ʵʸǣԹ֮䣬ȴζ
Ϻһĵɰҧȥƺڱ֭ȥЩᣬذǣضַĽʳʱ˸еݡ
Ưļ嵰ư׷Ե΢΢ƣ𣬷·εӵȴɷ
磬ǺеĺͽȻͬһ΢΢̣һҧȥ·ֹʣǲ̣ǲ̣ر̣ӴʱһСĳеζƺϺ˵ѰȴϤ
һ棬һһڵһϺʡõĽʳ
ȵӣ¿ӣףһܽէһⶫеͰִ࣬һںŮģûʧ֣۶΢ᣬƺãƺ֮š
ΰ
꣬Ѹٽһ֣ܽףʼӴݡ
Ũ׶ᣬ΢΢ģĬɫ֭ƺŨ棬ƺ嵭
ţƬᱡ¹죬ڣ~
ڰƬʪĺ˿Ĵ
̳棬ȵƬһһƬĴֻڹŷڵĻ棬УǣһŨŨ衣
˿޵֭ӵŰɫĺ޼䡣
ըýСɣһ˿ζһ壬Ʈ㱻סڳ֮ζ
һҧͷһҧβִ꣬꣬õըʳ±ζָ⣬Сɺܲ
Ѹٳһ棬ȹһֵ࣬һ档
⣬±ɫȥ󼦵ֹ΢΢ɫ
㼴ڳ⡣

25
ӿöˣ˵֨֨֨ɴ
۾ҡͷ
һ߽ʳһ߶⣺ҿڤ粻ͨʳû뵽ôѧѧᣬ˼ȻܣҰˡ
Ȼ˵㼳棬Ҳ̫Ƥã˵껰¿ӣбŶǱߵĺƤ˵᲻˵ֻԵĶ˵ˣȻڳҪŪӣûгԵģҿɾ˵ˡ
Ƥ˺ɿӽǣڵϴȵϣ̤£֨֨֨
ϾӦ
㼺˲ߺ޵ͣ°ӷԹ֮ȻżЩҲǾۻժãһƽҪ²ǴӴˡ
Ƥִ˸ϰڳ޵ͺͺһ
Ǻɫ㼸պȥɫ޶Ǻɫ׽ֲ࣬ҲǶҲûӣſſ̱ϣƺ뷭Ǻɫǿ
ֻǿźɫжеʹҪᣬзӿĺʮʹ࣬ŵÿҹݡ
ܡ
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Ȼ˦˦צӣϣ˸Ҫһ̱ϡ
Ķ˵ˣ϶ǻˣȻھʳİɡ
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ʱʱһȣҲ˯ȥˡ
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߽һ㣬ϸϸҲûģֻǿս޷٣ջĿ⣬»ȥˡ
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ţڵϴһ۵ʹӡ
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ѪҺ
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ĵûպãܵ󴦵һ⽫Ҫ䣬ƺЩε̾һÿճֻԿǣǵѾˣ˸򣬵׼ӵ۾Ƥʹֱ۴̧ͷ
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ΣҺΪǲɿصĶ
ȻҲϲ㣬ᡣ
ùңҿ׸򲻹ңûɱ㣬Ƥ⣬ѾʴȣҾ͵ƣֱɱҲǲԡ
ȻҿΪԣ뷨Ҳȫ޿ܡ
Ͼ֪Һϲɱ֣ǲ飬ǲ̫һҿͺܺʣҵʲôģ˵òһ㣬ֵɳˣżҧһڰڵģҲǲܡ
ǺνģҲ̫ν
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Ƥ˼״ԥʯ񣬺ðſֵص˵ͷʵϣˮ˼Σ۰Ͱ촽źϣʾζʮ㣺ҶѾӦˣǲǿԿʼˣ
׼ͷشȵе룬۾ͷӦˣЩ㱣·ԼˣЩ۾ó˼˶١

26
ʣ֮ǰǳԹڻ
۰ͰͿʻգգ۾ҡͷĿδϵ˿ϣﹾзܵ֨֨֨
ʣûԱֶˣ
ƤίͰĶӣҡҡͷǶò֪˼

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գղŲ㡣
Ƥ֨֨ҽУߣ·Լܵƭ˼ҩܺߡ
Ȼһ٣˹ȱϲȥǿΥ͸мǿ
ԿǣϵģȥϢ
ƤӶϴҡͷ
磬ϺȻ߳һˣԭǸߡ
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һۣ۾˵ôϢ
Цɳ֪֮ˣ֮Ͳҹҹˣѹ֮ڣϢΪ˴ʱ䡣
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뵽֮ǰԼԸ˵ҸʱЩΣʲô£
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ЦƤϲɳֻɳһʱ鲻Ҳôš
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Ҫǰһ˰֣ãȥ˵ɡ
߽Ųһ٣Цð
ֱ֨֨ҽС
ЩԼϵӣְȥ򿪹̨ϵĳ룬ҵȵĺƤӷŽȥãһѶϢ˵һɡ
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߽䣬˸Ӹ£ַոµҩ棬֡
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߲ɵЩйµᣬøɾӲˣʣɳô׾ˣ
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Ŀβǻеӷң̲סҪᣬվסˣֻԼԽԽһһٵؽ󣺡˾ȵףͷ͵ɳô·ң
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ǣλҪҪΣҪΣԴͷһúܣʮָմˮжԽ⣬µȻҲò
Щû޳ĵϣ˵Ų֮͡
һ仰µܶȣǸ겻ϲģۻ˿ϵģȻҪ䵽ҵͷ
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ҲģҾûܱˣǶʲôҾͽš
ȻԼԸ⣬ǸʱҲûʲô취£ʱ˾Ҫϳȥ˵ķԣû꣬òãóԿܷҪ̵ʱﻹծ򣬰˭Բһš
Ͼϳȥ͵Ƿծ͵Ƿž͵͵ǵĺöûУҪȥģûжǾûб£ʬ廹ܲǷߡ

27
߶ЦЦԭǸ԰ӡ
룬Цһؤһಡûʲô£úܣһöӣ֪Ǵյģһֱûȥˣ˽ţȻ٣Ҳǵؤչˣƽʱȥһֻ񹷣ؤıһ¡
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ӶůһסúܣһɾʱЩݺݺ࣬ᣬȥ·ƮƮһСľҪ洺ɫͷҲңʱһڲ԰Щ˸մ߳ҪұϹ
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߶˶٣˵Ǹӵζᡣ
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Ը˵⡣
ЦȻгкȲԼֲҲһնɱħ챻£ÿɫĶĻʲôأֻҪ
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תĿ⣬ŪϵӣƺǼ˽Ļ⣬ɳ𣿡
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һۣһ˲ı·ЦЦٿְֺ۾ΰѵӡ
ڲ˵
ߵ˵ͷǺãɳ˵ʱٸҰɡ
࿴һۣ㶼һ²ȷ𣿡
ЦɳҲˣ
۾ҡҡͷ
߿ʣɳˣ
һʱ䣬ҡͷ
ߵɳϢҵĴԸɳϢںѡ
ҡͷ
߰ŪһӣƲ֣ɳ𣿾ֲʶ̧ˣ
֣ôô룿
ߴ۾˵ɳķӦ
˵ɳ˵ˣпյʱ˵ǣҵķ˵ʱ򻹰ģⶼشҡ
ʵ˵Ҳԣɳ飬ұͲ֪ôࡣ
۾˵ұͲھҲʵġʹɳشң̸겢˽ҲҶ໰ˡ
ɳôۣһôͻҪ˵̫ˡʵ̫ˡ
ߣ˵Բ
Լеͷۣ˻
Щŵ̧ͷɳôˣﲻʲôܰæ𣿡
ҡҡͷû¡
߳Ĭ

28
֮ȻԼ״̬ôã΢üͷ߾ͻԼ·ڶè
֪һοʼҲ·𱻴ȾһͬƵ
Ҳˡ
ܲϲĻһܲ͸ĸоϲˮйͨӣҲȻϲΧ˵ʱ
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ûʲôãϾǼȵߡ
ǣϲദڶԣġ
ӹ̨˸λãǿֿȾĺƤ׷һ뿪߷Χ֮ڵʱ򣬺ƤӾͻΪ֮ǰһʱ䣬ʹ붯ˣֵĴʱˡ
ǰûƵ
ڲ̫һˡ
ԽԽˡ
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Ƥһûɣһš
û鵶ڷá
С̫ˡ
տʼȭͷαƤö㿪֮Сó
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µȥһ˺Ƥõĸʤ׷ǰһƤõ˵ȣӸڵϡ
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ɱٴΣ֣Ƥë˲ϵı鷢Щ΢仯֮󣬿ƺһϢƲ۾͵͵ĺƤãϵɫƽ΢ЦУ˵һߵĵϣӿǽҲǽ
۾۽޲һЦɡ
Ƥ̽Ŵ˴գĲˣթ͵һ˵ĸ·ȥſھҧ׼
ղҲõȫʤҲΪսݵʱźƤõĸô൶ˣͷлͬĸ߹ȥ֮󣬻÷·һ֪ĺķӦ
ĸͱιƤѾϵĵزûйͷ֧ŵλãƤһھҧƤѸϽʳȻƿڴӣ˼ֱ۵Ѫ⻻ζֺһʱľ
۾üͷΪƤҧܸɵӡ
̫ϲ˵㣬Ҳܵ谭
ǣ˵̫ˣǿ̹ȥˡ
ƤÿķӦƺĲ̫ˣתͷȥʳһ첲ʱʱһĲӣֳˣ̽ͷᣬüͿһۣղűҧƤȵʳ͡
Ϳйֹһˡ
ʱͷܱ¶ڿУƤþͲһҧϹͷͷ­ڵϵˡ
һ֮󣬺Ƥòͣ¾׽ȥϵƤëȽ֮ǰһ㣬Ҳģͷ˸Ƿѧۿ˿ֵԲ۾תתȥ԰ʳӡ
˿ϣϸСĢƤѣ֣飬ٴ
Ƥ˻ЩѪĶˡ
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ûлʳʱҲûгԳ˶ʳʱ
Ҳԡ
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ߡҪ֣ҲŲϲʳѾԵòˣһԶһʱ䣬ʱ˵ɡ
ֻǲŻ԰ϵĺȤԵҲŲô޴
ԺƤõ̺̽һԼ·˿ڴĽ裬ŵüͷɿڵ״̬һԾŹˣֻݶӰݼӣڼʲôʲôҪ˵ʱ͵Ϸˣ˾ݾҵҵͬݺгѰݿᣬİƽͨ
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Ƥڵϣ֨֨צϴϴӣǶһٴ͵Ľʣ
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Ƥøں棬ЩֺӣԼţһһ뿪ˡ
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Ȼһ۾΢΢һ޴㺣ֻŴ֡
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ƿƤ˿㼣룬˵ͷ
㼻һû˵ôֻҪƬƤһΣӽԺлʱĶˣתҲûҲʱ
ֶᴦʱռ֮䣬֮䣬ױ֣Լѣȱܾ䡣
ҲԼһȥ˶ͼΡ
Ӧòǳòࣿ
ʮָֻֻǿȥصĲֶ֣Լе죬һȵģһּֽ֣š
ҿûƽϣƺЩȣЦô뷴ڣ
ҡҡͷ
۾־룺
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㼽ŵվԭأ˿һ᣺ֲıƺûʲô˵ģڵ״̬ʵڲãһ£ҲˣˣҲˣȻˣĥĥҲ档
һɨֺˣܾúﶼʡ
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жʱ᲻ϰ߰ɡ
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һü˶·λã濴ûһͷԼҲױİ˷֣ȻƬеĿ⣬λò̫ȱ仯ҲӰ졣

29
෢·ɫƬ΢ЦЦ
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жըȫȫĶأóȥѴ֮ɱ·㡣
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˿նվһȽϰȫλã㷭
һǴɫĹǣۿź庣ɫͷ˿һĶųɵ״ͷǴŽһǣδʴۺβڹͷϣǿڷ϶֮䣬ӦĲ֣ȴȻ
תۣµβһۣǰβǳ۵ֻۣǵźβƵβҡڣͬӱһ㡣
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
ٶȷӦԱԼСĵˣ

30
һնͷĹ
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סüһһЬӡеĵ»ֵĶĵ֬ϿУʱһµ˿ڴٴȥ
ϸܵ۴̣Բעϻ޼ˡ
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һԺɫԨǺɫǵǱߣ۾Ĳλͷÿһ۾ᾪУҲѪҲͼܣֻûûܣѾһȥˣﻹԼӰζ۾ƺҲܵӰ졣
ȵβһµСǰӰԽʵһ۾գգۣβ۾ͱһ໴Ӥ׼ӤľһȥӰʧˣ۾鴤ѪƤѾûˡ
ڶ۾ӰʵһȹŮͯվǰ۾Ǳ裬ͷĵ¶ֵ飬ԭض۴ޡ
ĵ£͵һ̣ûǵ֬Уסͬʱ׼ղŴȥλһš
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һۣһ󣬺ＸҪѪӰԽʵŵ߹ȥ͵һ𣬿ִͬһѵſڣҲ˵Ǻˣ
üԣԽˣüͷһŵͳ˹һţʹᶨΪǼôһҲⲻܵ𺦣ѪҺ˿ɫȣҪֿı飬ֽƽһ硣
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˿ڴѾëë곤Ģǣ˿ֵֹġ
Լһ㶼żڻЩС
һƬĺЩ⣬ҲǿžģֻǾ»ãԽϳˣǳˣһҩǲҩģ˯ǲ˯ȥģһجΣֻӾƣ˯ɽ⡣
𽥼ģһ滹⣬һǲ֪ʲôʱȾϵϰߣҲпֻΪ˯߹ºͰȣһԼİȫĴֻеʳˮƽȣʳڴȻⲻЩ΢ҡΣߺܿ֡
ߵʱԽԽѵʱ򣬱ֲܶΧ˭ҺƤӽ⣬ҲֻάһʱͨƽҲ˵ѹʱЩһ㶼٣пΪѹƶȻࡣ
ټϣʹߺ㼶ԸæͻȻֵĺ֣˯ܻᱻţ֮׻ֳָе״̬ҲЩѣΰѶܹˡ

31
ۣɫӰ٣ɫԨ·Ϸ
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˫ͷտԼΪĿѹȻʧЧˣγҪܣߣһһһһĪЩһʱ仹Щ·èϷֳ档

ץס˫ͷտĻ̣ɪɪ۱˵ĺƵģһһε˫ͷտĸ룬ֱտ°벿ֶֻʣ¸뱻֮СԿʧȥ֮󣬿׶лЩɫ֦Ҷ
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ˮƮƮµĶ䣬֣Ȼ˫ͷտտ֮ǰ˶ѾԼϿˣӻ;ѵӴʼչۣܺˮһһҵϡ
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صʱΧѪֲ״Ӭݻݣʱ򣬱΢ζղҺ壬Եǳһĺɫмƫɫǳһİɫֺɫɫͻɫϡ
뵽˿ڳݡ
ݺܲɷֵ߼˵ɫǴɫǳݡ

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׼ûĻ𣬳׼ǰһˮֲݵЩͼֲû̫ܵص˺ˮùԵòôҲӦ״̬
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㲻Ҫôв

32
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عʱΧĻѾյһƬڣǰĺɫѾɫҲѬ÷ڷƣҺζɽ̿ĺζͳζһҲûˡ
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룺϶Ǽٵඡ
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㼸ղڲԶϤüЦҲá
⻰˵Ī
һͷˮûüģſڣֻϴһ
ѾץֱӰϵһ㡣
ɫԨʱ־΢һЩ뿪ɫָֻ֮ԭ״ɫԨ֮ǰԭ״ɱӹּɫԨǰԭ״
㼻ߣһֱֻץסĳЩλƬƺҪըˣѪɫԨ֮ǰӣȫһ
룺ѵɫԨߺɫԸŹĶ
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㲻ȥҲôѵ㣬ôϺȡ
㼵գ㼰۾Եɵɵģû˯ѡ
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33
ˣˣٻΣҪˡ
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ƿ˴˴ΣƮһ˿Ϣȥ
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ô룬һѳͶǰĿԭ͵ͷһƬжȻ飬г⽴ȻˮһͷһֱûɢǺɫԨµĺˮͱĵطһ
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35
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СѾСˣƬϷǳƽûˣҲûжֻº͵ֲ

36
ʣһ飬ࡣ
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͸Ĳһߣӵһ㲻ԣעģȻĲӰﾺ벻ͨ飬žΪͣһʱܴһͨĳؼڵ㣬Ȼͻͽһ
ͽͻơ
ľͻƣʵȻҲͻơ
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ͬΪıߵ·ͷ򶼲һ˰ɡ
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Ǿˡ
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˵һʱûֻͣǶЩֻʶлԼޱʢĸֳ棬磺ȺǨ㡢ٻšҶ䡣
֮֮ߡ

37
ֹ̧סҲ˵ˡ
΢΢һ˼Ц˵ˡ
룺Ȼ˵Ҳûб̸ˣȥɡ
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ȻҲ峤вȵ٣ɲĶˣȨҲˣ˶Ͷġ
㼶˶٣ҡҡͷǰͲҲȥءҲϲЩɳôӻҶһյаɣ

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ʱɳҴɳȥһȻᣬ˼ӵԺЩȴġ
˶٣ǸˣżҲкķʱ򣬴ǰȥǱߣ֪ԺЩйص˻ôɳͬȥҲ¶棬ҾͺܸˡɳϲȥǾͲȥֻϣɳܸЩ
Ц֪һƬģҲΪ˼ʱ򿴿Ҫȥȥɡ
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ӣڷų

38
ʳ̨վߣվס־ò̫Źۣ͵͵˿ǰ۾һſ컯ıܣ࣬˿˿Ӧûע⵽
࣬һĲգ룬վҲǵһദȴͻȻ޴֣ѵǴǰûʱӴɳڽӴˣ˾Ͳܿˣ
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ң֪ɳҲ࿴ᣬҪ룬ԺɳҺüοֻƤӶƣҶֱɱˣɱˣӡҿٿֱԶٻΪֹ
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һֻɸˮ
ʱԽãԽ裬Խ

39
ĳһ죬ëʵĴϸβʹԶշ
е·ںˡ֦֮֮䣬̧ͦͷ־
ֻͼȡô֦Ѩˣеŭġ
ģȻҲġ
룺ֻҪȡ֦ѨҾڿˡ
Ҫɱֻ
࿴һۣͶಹһ
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Ҳ˵񲻹ǸͱɵĶضǡ
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40
͵ۣһֱϣ۴ʹɻȥۣʳѪۡ
ɴ̧߽һͿڹ̨Ѫᣬֲˣ˯ȥӣŲһ٣Щ˹ɳ
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Ǻӣģ׼
ƹ̨ڴϲ˿̫ڲ̫Ŀռ֮ڡ
Ȼ֪αˣʱҲ̲ס룺Ҿôֵ
סֱ֣ĳ˵Ҫ롣
ʲô뷨ɢˡ
ǿƬʣɳجˣ
㿴ȫû˯á
Ӧһüһۡ
ЦջֵɳҲˣΣҲûʲôҪȥɱ⺣ϵ񡢹ꡢߺͰ׻ʱҪ£ЩҲô
ôһͣ˯ˣʾվ̨ȥԼֱЩ˵ô׵£Щ񶼿ɶ񣬷ұģһʱý鷳ڼȻû¹ʣҲȥǡ
ĶϸϸѪߣҶ··һ¶һɺ׹
΢Ѫ
㼵ĸֺ֪Ȼ鵽նĺɫɫһ࣬ЦЦ
˵˵žͰ۾Ȼע⵽ıȥǲʲôм˵Ͼɱ˭֪պ᲻ֳһĶ׼Ҫ
˵䣬ȥһֽֽס°ſ³Ѫֳһʪֽ˲ǣȱѾһССͰͰͰͳƵûˣʳͰ·߼Ӧţ˶˲ߡ
˾Ͳֵ֪ȥˣûйʱйһ
ֳһʪֽڶ߲˲䣬ѾѪߵĺɫʹӶŲֽϡ
ùʪֽųһţͰٴγ֣ȥͰˡ
Сʣʳ⣬㼸߳ȥҲʶʲôʼˣɳ֮ǰǴӦңҸһʱģһʱ㶼˯һӹôʱ䣬֮ǰӦ飬Ѿ˰ɣ
ŷ磬۾˵ģǾ˰ɡ
㼺յɳƫģ߾ͿԣҾͲԣҲûʲôѵΪ߸ɳʱиɳڣҵҲ뵽ǰǲԵĳ𣿡
Цôأ
ǳ裬뵽ܻⲻ뵽꺮ůǺ⼸һģȻΨһûǸֹʱ䣬飬ʵϸһ㣬ǵദʱ䲢㳤
㼵̬Ҳ㲻ϺãҪ˵⣬Ҳֻ㼿жԸߵƫİɡ
㼡ֻǿͻ˵Ǽ
һʬûرļǲãԼЩ͹ȥҹɫϵĺڰơ
֮ܶҪɣԸֲͬɣʱһҲû˵Ϊά㼵Ļά֮Ĺϵ붼е׵ԭһǸö໰ˡ
Щʱ˵ˡ
Ҫǣʱ򣬾һԲҲ̫ã˭ҲܴʼճĬȥߺл˵ȻǵĹȥȤǼȻй¿Ҳܾ
ʳڵҪôҪôкҪô͵ѹ
ôһ˵ȷʵˣһصˡ
㼴Ҳܲ³뷨Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˵䣬һ˳ϷҲԵ̫Щԣ˵˵׼˵ʲô
ɳ˸ߺüˣǣɳʲôʱ׼Ҷأ
㼶üʡ
еεؿһۣ㼱סһ̲סЦ
ҲΪʲôˡ
˸ˣ¸ˡ
õֵøˡ
ٿΧûбˣϤƽֺ㣬ûʲôֵø˵ˡ
㼺ȻʣȾô
ŶһЦľƣ
¶һЩЦݣȻʳĺþˣ𻨾ơ
٩һΪ׼һ׾ƴһƴء
ȥԶգЦɳһ룿
ҡҡͷ
ȡһƹɫ̳˻Σ̳ľҡ
㼲˷ݸʣɳȲȣ
ҡҡͷ
㼵˵ͷҲñˣԼһڣЦ֣
ϸƣЦҪ
ֺһڣ˵ͷ
Ҳûʲô
ںȾƣ͵ڳ⣬ϧûϡ
ƤӲ֪ð˳˿ſڵĶˣ¶Ŀ⣬ʵʱĿⶼ¶Һӣżһ֪ҷǳƭ̡
ô˵ԺƤӵͣ㲻ˡ
Ҳûбָӹñ˭á
ǣڡ
Ƥӿ˿ֿ˿㼣ϲ˲ȣһӣʢҿѪţ⣬΢˼Ͷˣմţϸôʡ
Ӻȣţ۵öƵĻ˻ΣѪˮЩˮ飬ߣϰӣţеƤӦ
Ҫ
ӹӣƤõͷëƤʹҡͷɿ֣ĺëһһˡ
תְӺݸ㼡
㼽ӹӷڵ棬ճֻ飬ҧһڣȷʵǳۣоܴʳͻعëѪԵĻ֮䣬ζ΢̣Щ㣬΢̿ζ΢Ĺľζ֯һţ棬ڿǻ
ҧһڡ
ǲʳ
㼾û˵
ֻǳԣһ⣬һھƣ׽Ʒζ
֮󣬲˲֣ɳʲô𣿡
ЦҪűԼģ
һѵɳַˣ
ҡҡͷҲûĶ͸㣬һʱ벻
ЦɳĪǳ˵ĻҲ̫˳Щ
˵ɳһңҲԸҪġ
˿ʣҿ۾ĢЩ׻ңԺ£ܻᱻΪˣҪô
ҡҡͷ
ʣҼǵãӦ͹㶫ǸƽۣŪˣ
ΪҲţҲ޻˵

41
ɳֻһұҪ͸ɳģôأɳֹһɣ
ͷ
Цȷʵˡ
ƺǺ˾ƾͷˣԶ˵ʵҪһ㶼ߵģǡû취Ҷǻģٵһ
ɳͬҲ֪˵ģֻԼֻ֪ԼҾӡ
ôߣǳ̬
Ҫǲôߣɳֻˡ
Ҳģɳֲϲҡ
룬žͺã룬ٳһҲǲԣٺ룬ȻɳˣҲżȥ飬ţţҾͱˣɳһߣҾһղð
˵ûĻɳˣǰҲӦø˸ˡ
ϣԼɳǰ棬һ룬ʱҾҲɳˣָ˲ˡ
룬Ȼɳ֮ǰǿɳǰ
ɳȻţǧҲӦõġ
֪ǰ˶ãҲ⣬֮ɳҪñҳģˣɳҲҲܺãһǸ˲ʱɳ϶Ͳˡ
ɳȻҪã϶ܲңʱδܼɳһ档
Ǿ͸ˡ
һüͷϴǵ˵ɳ㲻֪룬ҪǵһɱˣҲɳǰ棬ҲɳǰɳԶ֣ô붼ǲġ
ǣǡ
һۣﻹЩ΢ʧתͷȥϵ̾ð˵زȥġ
㼲֪Ƕ˵ıҪˣû᣺֪زȥġ
Ĭһ˲Цƽû𣿡
㼰һһ͵ݹɳҪһֱš
˿һ
㼼ãԼ֣ȭͷüͷЦһôɳֻ»Ҫ͸ĶߣôֻһʹˣҲɡ
˵ͷ֪һûбĶŰɣ
㼵˵ͷֺȻ뵽ʲôʵҲһֻɳң֪ɳ޳аҿԸɳֻҪɳʱܴóͺá
۾˵͵ĻࣿҶǿƬ͵ģ
һ㶣ЦȻˣһѣô
ɳʵ벻ʲôҲҪֻҪÿ׼ߵʱ򣬼ǵңҪһԼžͺãô
˵һ׼ӱǱҸ͸㡣ͲҪˣ
кȻỨ˵ɳȻ׼
ܾȡ
ЦҲһ룬бģٶ׼Ҳûˡ
Ŷһ˵ͷ⣺Ȼɳ
˵ûеģҪֻұˣʱĶʹ㣬ҲǴӱǱתֶѣûʲôˣ͸ߵ⣬ҲǱĵطģҲ˵ԼһͬʣҲ󡣡
૵ɳôһ˵Ҳѡ
˵ҲûбģǱ⣬ңЩȻû˼ҲЩ˵
͸ɳɳҪͻȻɳҲ˵
˵ţԼЦ
һۣӡ
ҡҡͷҲҪûطգ涯֣鼱ˣһʱҲ㣬Ҷܣܣ˵ˣۿҪˣѵʬǲû¸ʲôȱ¡
ŶһҲ٣²ԼϱȻҪ࣬Ҫ߹𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ʣҪ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ʣҪ۾𣿡
˿ҡͷ
Цһ
ʣɳ֮ǰһ㣬Ϊ𣿡
˵˵ڲг̯ĿҾЦ
㼸߸˵ЦЦˣɳҪǸˣô˵ɡ
ҡҡͷ㻹ɡ
㼵˵ͷеǶȹŹִֵţɳĲҪ۾𣿡
࿴һۣҡͷ˶˵ȻҺϲǻǲҪˡ
еίʣΪʲô
˵ȡ˾Ͳÿˡ
㼵üͷ΢չһ㣬ʣΪʲôɳ֮ǰ׼۾ңҿɱȲɳͨõŪˣ񲻿ϧ
˵ҿ㲻ǻÿ۾ӡ
һίһ־øˣ룺ȻҲÿΪһ۾ҲɳҵģҵȻοҴǰôɳҲûңʲô
ǣҲϣɳҵĶŪˣʱɳԼںں
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˵ͷģҪ
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ȻͼոʾǣԲԲģƯˮһ׺ǿΣʯͷô󣬺ӵƵģ˵ϴοʱǿʯֻ۾ôˣȻǺ񣬵ɳ⣬𣿡
ֻ۾ˮɳ͵ҵ£
һۣͻȻöԷƺתͷȥӦһá
۾ǺܺÿŹʱ򣬿ͺڰĽȫһ
㼷·ıóѵĺ꣬ЦǾô˵ˡ
˵վһʱеվȣ֪ǳ˾ƣھƾԽˣԼ岻ã΢һ㣬ͷΡ
ǣ˵㼵֧ȼʮ̳Ӿƶιȥ
ѵǴǰûȾƴСʣôģ
ʣû°ɣ¾һӣ۲۲˵ôȥ²ֱڰ·˯ˣ׷ҵ졣
㼵˵ͷɳ˵öԣҡ
ԥһ£ǳھȥõߺСƳ⣬Ȩ⣬ڻȥöʲôʱܹ˶Ҳ٣ϴβ˵Ҫţתͷ˯ˣʱ䲻ˡ
㼽Ż˵̻
δ䣬Ѿˣ˼ͷһˮԶȥˡ
Ǿ͵Ȼ˵ɡ
תºȻһͷһƤء
£
֪ʡ
Ƥӿ˫زƵĺ۾·ͻȻԣˡ
֮ǰҳԵģһôʱ䶼ԣȻûĸ
֨֨֨
ƤӶѧ㼸ղŶ˵ʱӱȱȻ
ˣҪԷ
һƤҲûб뷨
룬ͷεÿ㣬һ㼻ײˣһʱ˵á

42
֣ҲǸʲô˵Ĳ飬еСù͵ġ
Ƥսپ˷ԭα¶ȶȲȫսٽʳŴžͿʼſҧˮֱɹĻȣֻ۾գһƵġ
ôϵϷû˼Ҳ˸˵ݸ첲˵ֻһ첲ûС
Ƥͷˡ
ֱۼӼȳƱɳİ׹ǣƤӽʳƣճĢûˣò׳Եˣֽһɣһ´򴦵ĸ߶ȵֱͦͦڵϣ·һСĳ˶ҩ˵ӡ
֪һΪʬ嶼Ӳˡ
ֱ۳֮µȥʣˣ
Ƥӵ˵ȣڵϲŶʾˡ
˼ǣҾͲ˰
ˡ
ſŵʱ򣬺ƤһԾƽ״һأƤһĺڵϣֿʼ΢鴤
ͷһγԱҸлڳԡ
ȻƤӾûдֵֶûɡ
߳ȥʱѾϴˣһȭͷˡ
ҵľ
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ſڡ
ίɳֹһΰһԸҲ۵ġ
ȿȿȡ
æǰɳ㲻Ҳð˰ɣ
ҡҡͷڰϣ㼵ݹһˮʣЩû
˿ӹˮܺá
ЦҰѶˣ
˵ţȭͷһ۾С޼ʯֻɫ̫ʲô
ԴĳƵеų⣬ü
ʧ䣺ɳ
˿Ҳüͷﶪ˳ȥյɳϲͲҪˡ
㼿˵´ο϶ҵõģ
˵ͷ˵
˵ֿкܶʯġ
Ӧһ
ؽͣܶƯʯʱɳȥ֪ˣܴܶ࣬󣬺ܺÿˮܻеûѣǹɳϲĶġ
˵ͷ֪ˡ
㼶˺һƺжشǲǷܡ
Ȼ˵ȥɣ
㼵עͱȥʳڿ˿ůĻɫƹкðɡ
ʳ棬ʱʱһۣΪʳû˵
һʱ䡣
һʱ䣬ʱʱʯÿ̫ϲӣͶȥµˡ
һ죬ߺȻʣɳҪҪȥǱ߹һ䣿
Ŷһɻ
˵ǱѾܶණˡ
ʼԥ
ЦȻʳʳûʲôãżһطҲ
ңľɫÿ쿴ɣͿԿܶණҲΪиأܻġҲ뿴Ǳĩյ֮ǰЩġɳȥòã
Ĭһ£˳߹ҪȥҲȥɳȥҾȥ
߿㼣ٿ
˵ȻҶʱ䣬Ǿȥɡ
ء
˵Ƥ㣬ҪǱҵʵĵطʳ꣬ʹźƤһ档ô
˵ͷ
Ը˵ŰžûʲôҪ׼ġأ
ߣֿ㼡
㼴˸ǷЦҲûС
˵ֻɳӾ͹ˣʱȥǱߣԼ㡣
˵ͷ˻֣Ƥ˸кһ˾ͷֿˡ
ˮϡ
ߴһ̵ĵط˵֮ǰĵطΪ˱ǣԿֱӴ͹Ҳ̫ԶĵطҲбǣ·
ҿ̧ͷһʱܵԶˮԴĸȡ
ɵߴ˴ա
Ƥʪм˼һ
߿ƤӴüЦɳỹҪչСһչɣ
½ж̫ʱ䣬Ǿȥã·ϵʱ䣬ñ˰æ
ϺȣԼȥɡ
߿˿ңѡ˸ʮϤ˵ߣ˳ǿܻЩҪСĳʦЩϡŹְֵҵܳϡŹֵˣǵݲܻ࣬սⲻСң˵׼֤ᱻϲ顣
˶٣תͷ˵Ȼҿܲ飬ǲĺá
˵ͷ
㼵۾æúܣҪ棬Ҫȥ˸һۣתȥˡ
һҲƽϵӡ
ͷӦ㼵ľȣ߱߿Ӧ˸һʾ֪ˣûк
̾ûʲôÿģϲȫ޺ֲֲ԰ϲƯûĶж԰ϲȥ԰Ժ־ǺܶƵ·֮ûһֱ߿ߣʱ䣬ѾҪ͡
һô˵ûзչԵһطͿĥʱĶ𣿡
߿һ£ʵҲûУҪǮûǮʱû̫ܲգֻܸһβᱻֵ֡
ѾںؿҪҪʼʹûز˷𣿣
ʣҪôŻǮ鱦𣿡
˵ߴԼ·Ͷһȫû¶ͿڴλãóʱϾȻһѽκ鱦ʯ
㼿˿
ݸһڴ֣򿪿ڴݹȥţ㼰ĶװȥѼװĿڴݸȻЩãȻǽסˣһûڵϡ
˵ģڴģûˣЩڴĶмֵǮڶʱڱֵĻ
ԼţҪһͲҳˣҲԼ鷳㶮𣿡
㼵˵ͷ
߸ղſһһѵĶЦҪ˵ֵǮҲرֵǮҪ˵ֵǮȻǼٻţһʱ䣬ûеֻ̣Ϲҵһʱ»ȥƤ鷳úܡ
㼰Ѵûע
˵ֻܴ粽ˣûϿɵĻңɣȻûйϵֲðյġ
ߵͷźˡ
Цǲ֪ʱѧ˺ܶණ
ҲЦȻŲЩôˣֻܲǴɳߺ޳
˵͵˵ط
߽쵽ԼסǸҲ̻Ի͵Сƽ㡣

43
ܼҾӦоС
Կ𣿡
ʡ
ڿʽСشȻԡ
ûסվһȦԡңԸʣԡ𣿡
Цԣ
򿪵ӣһĿڵ̺ϣɳһöӡ
ȥóһֻûпֽ滹һ㣬Ư֪ôĪһֻڶŷ϶צӵèڶӣһԭǱʼǱԣһƽԡ
»ꡢ鱾պӡߡ
ӶǸɸɾģҲǡ
̾һźӣĽҵĶûɾʱ򡣡
еϧǣνˣȥþõˡ
߶ʳǰĲ輸ϣһɳǰĵ̺ϣ˿Щóĺӣ˵ϲĻֱӲ𿪾ˡ
һۣԥԣ
ߵ˵ͷȡǩƬˮһɫˮƴ̡
ɳһ֣㣬һֽӣװų̡
óڲ輸ϣһְڿһԼǰһϡ
üӣδ֣輸ϵʳɫһͣתͷ΢ЦʣǸҵģ
ߵͷ
͵⣬ըͷƬ⣬Ǽ޹Ǽ޹ǼըȣЩǽϰԹʳ꣬Ҳҵհɣ
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˿ʳ˵ͷ
ʰߵĸֺӣԼλڳ輸ǰ׼ֵʱԥһʣһ𣿡
˵ԡңʪģ֪ûθڳԶȻҲҪûе̺˾͹ˣЩˣҲѳԣҪǲ⣬һԼٳҲһģҪģȾν˰ɡ
һڻʣʳҪҪ˵Ҳܾûнʳˡ
ȻҲǼȻлᣬҲ̫õӡϾļңͺá
׽⣬ܵ֬ڿǻתͻ꣬۾
룺ǳ˵ɡֻ׼ݡ
һݣһݣ˼ܲһݡ
Ҳûг֣صصȡ
Ҫһʼڲ輸ϵţһԣҲݡ
߾׽ִ޹ըЦǲҵգʱΪ׼ݾͺãǵĿζ֪ܲӦҲûгסȻ׼һЩʳģҲûг¶ŴʳݲҲֻܲˡ
ʾһ´⣺гУҲʮݵһѾĵһĴˣƽʱҲ׼̫ỵ
˵ͷ
ƣҪȳԣˣζͲá
޹Ǽʳ״֬˹Ŀ㣬۶֭ûз⡣
ϲ⡣
ʳûз͡
Եúܿ֡
ըͷƬ֥ӣƣ磬ԵԽϲá
߱ȳ꣬Ľʳ״̬ʮҲһΪӵ˵ݼӳ֣ɵʱ򣬽ʳǿôá
ۿɼá
㼴ԡһʪˮ·ʱ·ϻЩͷ˿ˮ飬Ϊ͸ۣ۾ˮƽʱ˵Ƕ˵俴һС࣬·ͻȻϻͯ
һȵ۾ۣǱҳԺöҲһ
ЦЦߵЦͬ
ֲ˲ͷߵһˣ˵᣺ɳԵôĶңǲҶһߣȥˣ
ҡҡͷҲû꣬ҪǲⳢһ
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ָ޹ըһӵ⣬֥ʿͽɫɫ֯
ζھ⿺ٴ¸ߡ
ѺӰǰݸġ
㼰ͷһƫҵֻʪģôס
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ЦҲҪɳιң
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㼿һۣɳûι㲻ˣ
ĥĥǣʳġ
㼺ֵЦȻڣôɳ
ͣˣȻô˵иڣҲضˡ
˵ţҪվɾӵݸߣըӷǰԼ߳ȥСϿǣ߼ͨ˳˵߸ιʳɡ
𾪵۾ƺͼϿһΪѣȻȻûеġ
΢΢һ֮󣬾ЦſӴս㼣ߴٵɳˣ㻹㲻㣬Ƕ֪ˣѽ죡
̾ߵĺӣβվһ´ܵߣί״ҲҲɣҲŲҪ
Ҫ߹̾˶㣬ֻ۾ݡ
ҪǸҹɳڣҷҪڲɣ
߶̯֣Ҳɳˡ
֣߰ĿӺͺӵݹȥ
ˣʲôɳ
˿ӺʳͷһݹȥҪԣԲԣҪˡ
㼶Ը߱˸ߣӦҪҳԣ~
Žǻû٩ǰҲûǸղԡʲôɣ
㼾׽ЦҪ˶ˣ϶˲ɳ̫Զֶ
һ߿ЦжҲҪҵģ
㼻˻ͷʮҫ˼
̾İɡ
ͷ˿ҲôˣôϲգѵǰûгһΣ
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㼾׽ʵǰҲûǣ˵ˣϲ࣬Ҹֲ죬ҪɳҲŲûµȺܼأϲͺƤӶѵֵң
ʳָüģġ
ڱ͵Цһۣҡҡͷһԣ꣬͹Ź֡
˵ţָ㼵һȥ
ҧһڣձţĵЦ
߲ͬ⣬ͷ۾ȷôأһˮεģϷɵģһɫһġָϣɳҪ޹ָҡ
лҪ˵
㼣ɳƫģ
ߣɳƫģ
Ҳˡ
㼣ɳҴˣء
ֹߣɳҲȥң䣩

44
ι˺ʳ˼ʸߣǲǻƺɳִʻƺģû𣿡
ߺ֪ش˵ȷʵǻṳ̂ɵḶ̌ҪȺܾ֮ˣɳƺڴϣֻһֿܣݽɫɳĴ磬ʵ̫ʣӦøһġ֪ɳΪʲôĹϵƺʶ⣿
˵ȻЦ
æҲɣҲɣɳϴξҸĳƺֻһˣⲻƽҪģɳΪ˸ߵĻŹҪĵģҲģɳ~
߿һۣ˵ǵò˵ֵܣҲûʲôֻǳò̫ơ
㼵˭Ҫֵܣ
߼˵ݵģɳûУҪ˵ҵֵܣʵҲ̫㣬ȻԳƺҪ;УҲнͨߣЩҪݣ鷳
˶٣ʣ֪ɳԸԸ߶סգȥһ´ҵ֤
üȻ㶼֪ǾͶ㴦ˡҲܣҲ֪
ߵ˵ͷ
㼿ȫԼӣ˳һ߽ӹĿӺӷڲ輸ϣʪֽ֣һίίҧгݵɳҲͬ⣡
߿һۣЦЦԼˡ
֮ǰ˵Ҫʳֱӹڸﰲһʱ䣬ͺƤӳߵţ߾ȥʳˣڿţҶˣҲôطڲġ
̾һ־úЦ˵ǣʵڲĳƺװԼ˵߲˵ӣû˻ر˵ʲô㲻Ҫ˵Ȼùܳƺʲʵ⡣أ
ҡͷҪҪ߶˵ΪʲôԣԸģҲԣɳҶϰˡ
ͷȥίί
ļʵڲӦԼȥôˣܲ㲻ġ
͵̧ͷ˸ЩţɳΪҪߣ
Ī⻰죬鸴ӣҪǲߣܳȥҲԸ⣿
㼣һ˲٣ƽ˵Ը⣬ҲԸ⣬ҪǶûãҲء
δ˵꣬һѱסʵˣɳ֮ĻͲ˵ˡ֪ˣԺ󲻸ˣء
ΣʶǺ𣿼Ȼ㶼֪Ҳ˵ˣҲõģԺ㡭
浽ʱǻԥģˣ˼ỹҲδ֪أ
غмһξԴǡ
ƺȷʵһ㡣
ͷʣɳ˵ģģ԰ɣ
Ȼ
㼵˵ͷһߣ˲᣺֪ˡ
Ҳûõġ
ôʧ֮ǰҲ뿪ġ
ٻʳ꣬ͺƤӶڵΪҪȵøһ㣬û뵽ôϢˡ
ǳ˵سתƤͬȣ߳һ㼺˹ߣʮֵӣ굽ɳ²ˡ
ͷûҪѺƤҳ˼
ڳѾ׼ü򵥵ʳˮһ˳Ϊ׼Ӻ롣
վڿ￴˿ʣƤӲ𣿡
Ӧһ֪ƤֻѪȤ
ߵ˵ͷЦȻұ׼ʳģʳĲˣ֮һͣȻЩʱ䣬ǲӰ죬֮ͣ裬ͺҹĻ뾡ܵдɳ
˵ͷʾͬ⡣
·˲֣ű߻Ьһߣ׼ţͷ˵Ҿȳȥһ£˶ٻֻԵζõ벻Чأ
˵ţվǻ˻֣ųȥˡ
˵߾ߣһ㲻
ƤƺղܵȥӣͷĴĴһ¡
ǽڽʳȵˮԵ⡣
ڱϣղų˼һʱ䣬߳ȥĿƺ˼ﾪѳڻعͿҲ˵Ҳ񷢴
һСɳԱߵİϣұ߾㼣Ƥߴȥǰ棬ȥ̧ͷԵؿգգ۾Լʳצ߷ƣʾ⣺Ҫ
ҡҡͷ
˵ͷɵͷȥԼʳ
طҲСˣôһое֡
͸һõĴ
ȻôСΪֹļʹûָ룬˼һ£óһۣȻĶڵȺӻ֣ڵ״˵ֻҪûˣϾͽߡ
ƤӴɳͷһӣıֻǰצźӵݸжʱе˺ܾõĽʬֱֻĹŹָо
ӹһϷ
߻
̽ͷһֹ
ҸҪǰһӣ㼵ĻѾȥˣߵ㼣ûӡԺʱһɡһҲһһһͲƫˡ
ţ˺ӣó˵飬һ飬ڱҲſˡ
̣𣿡
֣תͷ
ʣʫʸ踳
㼵ǿһ㡣
ʣ裿
ҿطʣʩչ
ʣ㿴ˣ
㼵ͷ
˵ûô棬ͺƤֲþˣ߻ûǲĶ̫õӡ
ʣ㲻Ķ𣿡
ҡҡͷɳƺֵ⣬Ҳá
˵ͷڽʳƤӣƤֻǿһ󣬺Ƥӷ·ͻȻʲôת뿪һ˷ߡ
ʣô
Ѿ𿪵ĺӣ档
ǣѡ˴˵˽Ǯ׼СӣʼͶӡ
㼣㡣
ȡ
㼣ĵ㡣
𣿡
㼣

㼣㣬Ρ
ᣬиϢ

ţ
㼣߻ؼôûԿף
ѵ߻ʶھ֪˾ô
㼣ȥš
˵һȷʵǸߡ
ǸŸ߸ЬĺװŮʿһֻŰʮȻ̧ͷһԼһûпҵˣüͷһʣ˭

45
Ǹպ͵أˣղŻ˵ˣʲôˣ
Ůŭüͷʡ
㼻شǲʶʲôպ͵ġ
˵ţҪš
Ůİһ죺ʲô˾͸£Ȼʶôӵģ˭Կף˭ţС͵Ҳôֱ׳
㼱ûöôһһʱùţּ˵Խ´򿪣˰һŶԷע⣬һȴž͹ˣŮ˷Ӧƿڴһ֡
㼰ŷ˼Σͷüͷ߻¡
ɳͻȥɣ
㼿ʡ
ҡҡͷãȻʱߣҲżϾǸߵӣô˵߰ɡοǳȥӦúܿͻˣҪܽˣҲż
㼵ͷ̾ɳʱѵͲƫˣҿһûƽױһɳ׼οοңһȥ֣ɳΪ˵û˻ҪҲڣ˵ҵĻɳҲ𣿡
̾£Ҫ·һ䶪ȥˣҪǲ֣ס䣬ߵԼЩҲһġ
кί˵ǣʲôңడҾͲɱʲôΪңΪʲôסķƣ²˳ģΪʲôأ
Ҳ֪һǼȻܲڸ߼ſɱˣﵽ࣬Ҫǳ飬ո·˵ԺҲˣִˣǻɳ뿪ߴǲôҲġ
۽޲˲˵ÿࣿ
ǿЦЦкЦ⣬Ҹ㽲°ɡ
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۾˯˵ɳĹʲôţҶˣôôС˵ҿ˯ˡ
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ԣЩճ϶ֱӸ߱ˣܻһţֱӱȻδûа취ֱκãǰŪκãô붼Ǵݲж⡣
ʵתһֵһԴǣӱ뵽Ҳкϸ˼Ȼʱ䲻̫޵ֵص
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벻£ûйϵֻҪµ˯žͺˣ
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֣ץס֣Ƥ̧ɢȫԾ۽ֻ̧ͷſǿЦЦ˵ߣ߲ȥɳ
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ûа
һԼˡ
һӰÿһζôã
˼ˣתȦȦ״棬ˡ
˵ͷᣬҲҪ˯һ߻ûԿףȥš
ͷ
Ĳӽҡ
һɫѾˣͻˣϰʳ˶Уڣ硣
ƺûãһֱѣƤӲ֪١
߳ϴϴ֣ϴϴڲʻȥĸߣԳ𣿡
ȱȥû״̬ʱ˵Եġ
ˣˣʳҲкöʳڸ߼ô࣬ȥҲҪô࣬ҪԱʳ
˵ͷشá
㼱棬˯쿴˿ϵ̵˳ӿڶ棬һ£λߣһۣ˵㵲·ˡ
¶ίɫ
˻֣ˡɡ
ЦЦ
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ȥץˮĸɣ
ﴫ
ʣǸ˰ɣ
㼵˵ͷ
߻شһʱ򣬱ˡ
ʣʲôɣ
ЦЦ˼ΣȫӰ˵¾ʧͼ֮ġ
㼲ǺüľܵЩ£
ôпգ
ϼһ߿۾˿㼣ζЦΪǲᶮġ
ƫͷȥҵȺûˡ
˵ţסھᡣ

46
һֵζҾʱ򣬺ͳˣһֻƤϵϢֲȫƣģ˱ɣҹ磬˲һȺĳζģ֡
㼱ƿʱ򣬺˳ӣϵı鲻ֻɻ󲻽ͲԣЩֹסᣬı鿴ѹΪʹ࣬ǵһı
һӸ˲ᣬе֣ǣһ룬֪˵ʲô֮ǰŵζǱ˵ζ߽֮󣬱ܺãҲʱ䣬Լͻˡ
Ͼ߽ʹ㼺ÿʱÿ̶ЩעԽУĻþԽʵǿңԱ㼲ǧ֮һĴ˵أʹͨҲܡ
ֻһʱ䣬ָܻܲδ֪
ᣬƺΪԼֻΪл̼ԭ򣬻߻һ𽥱Ṵѹһѹᣬ˳Ūˡ
Χûоӣ͸һִʵѹĴ
鶼Ūʪ͸ˡ
㼿˿ӣ̫˼ЦЦǰġ
˵ͷţ֪
ҲЦЦֳһµӸᡣ
㼽ӹӣһߺϧغ˲䣬һеֹסҭض˵һȥͿֿ⣬ɳ͵ˣҿӻһ
ЦŰɡеǡ
ҲЦЦһʱû취ᣬȻЦỹûͣ
ҪôӰ쵽㼣Ҳֻ㣬м䣬ԼܲƺҲȷʵôѹ
룺ϣû˯ŵʱ޹
վһסɳҪȥ
ֻ۾޺ˣʱӣó˵ôһƽʱ̲סϧģǳί
ίģǷǳίģҪίֻ¸û˼ôƽƽֻһֻס
˵ȥϴӣ㻻ȻʪӶڲ輸ʲôӣҪȻһȥ
ڱݲ裬ڵķˮڿˮðһƬ˷ݣˮƿðٴƿСȥݣણˮĿԼȥˣˮˡ
ˮ豭ﵹˮ߿һۣЩֵ˼ЦôһˣֲɳͲܻҲûбĲǻҶڣûʲôµģƫɳҪ
չתתԼ߿ȥߡ
ʣȥ𣿡
ͷȥҪɳҶһߣɳ
ߣҲô㣬ˡ
㼰Сϴҵſڣţʪհϣһµˮ
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㼵ûǹ⣬ˣΪˣæģ
˶٣¶˵ֲ㣬ڰԼˮ
һѣͺˣȻȵˮûô׾ˮķݡҲ࣬ࣿ
δ˵꣬ۿžҪӿһֱ˵ˮͷ
ҡҡͷֵͷ˵С
㼹Цһ£Ϊᣬֱֱܿ˵ı飬һʱ͸˲
ˣɳʣԹ𣿡
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˵ͷԷһ㻹ǳԵ㣬˯ȥ
Ϊ˵˯ͷҡͷҲ˯ġ
ҡͷǸ˼㲻ԾˣҲûʲô
㼽Žɵ˵ͷ
ӽĿǸ̨һֱû˭ȥӻڿתתȥ
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һˮ˵ҹèӺܶ࣬ϲ˯ҹȥ棬תƣƹĵط˾ͻ࣬һҲ࣬ⲻ˵ģһһȺͻЩˣǳȥٲ
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Էһһ
峿ϴϣϢɳϣܴӴնĳ⡣
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ӷ߳Ҳɳϣ˿ʣȥĻڷҲûʲôҪ
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߲ŲæӺһˮ˵еطȥġ
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ߵ˵ͷ֪϶ٵĵط
ߣŽɣ
˵Сˮֲ԰
üֲ԰ΪʲôСˮûôһ˵ǵطͺ˻ȥġ
ЦǸ˼԰ӣţǽɣҪǮƱŶ֮࣬ƽʱûȥֲܶ࣬ȥˣվֲϣҲõĻûô·ꡣȥ𣿡
һֲʲôƯģ
Ʒʣֲѵȥˮݿɳϲϣ
㼱ʵ˵᲻ȥˮݣúܣҪ˵ȡˣǣػֺѹ֮ǰı˻ûȫɢŻʲôʱƲãðͷ
ȻѹʱߣָоҲܣһԼΪ˸еʹ࣬һеõĿܣãֻѹ
ܲޣҪʱҪǰﲻæùܡ
һ붼͸ˣ㼿ɲΪԼʧĵز̱
Ļɶ˵ġ
Ҫǻܱ룺ǾֻҵĴˡ
յ㼵ǰ˿ֻǺ۾׵λöȥˣָò
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Цļ򣺡Ҫ岻á
ίίõúܡ
˵ͷ֪ˡܺáˣҲҲע͵͵ŶȻҾͷһ첻˵Ҳҡأ
ͼı뷨ɳ

47
ֻ㺰ٴҲûõġ
㼵һۣᣬֻӻȥɳвУһ첻˵һ첻ɳԣҲаɳ
ߣգգۣҿʲôûɡı飬ʼ磬΢
㼣߶㼰ּȲ裬𾪣ֹɳ
㼵ļ򣺡ô˰ɡҪǲȥԼҲԡ
㼺һҲҾҪţɳȥҾȥ
˵ͷҲͬˡ
׼һȥֲ԰
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ţǰȻԼŮƺлεĻУ˲ɵöסŲǵ΢һ㲻׾ٵ顣
ǣԶһ־ನ
˵˶ˣںʲô
Ů˿ֵˣʬ廹أôˣǲӣ
ҶӣǸģǲҵģҵģҲġѵ㻹ҵʣˣޣҪ
ŮյˣҲ㱾ˡżŶһ٣ԼɿȥˣͲˣҲóǮûǮ˵ɥ£ǹǻҺжûУѵҪôڼͷ˲׼̧ȥҪɡ
Цôģڶû˵ô˵ʵϣ˭֪أ
ڼҳһţҲܳøգеУҪ֣Ҫ֪ҲҲӶˡ
Ů˶Ž˼ΣмˣңֻзҶӰˡҳǮѡ׺Щˡ
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Ů΢ǼͷЩ꣬ˣǾǻҲҲӮĲŶԣòͷҲеǮŶԡǶӣΪͷҪģҲŸӴ绰˭֪˵绰ûˣ
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ںˣȫûˣҲ֪ǮûУۿžͿ쵽طˣﻹûãܰţȥסֲģҶӲų£ҪǽųˣҪŪǽ
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ھ˭ȻҪһպ͵ģȻ˵ԼݵĻպͣΪˡ
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޿־⻰ЦЦÿһۣ﾿ô뵽ЩϵûС
˵ң˵ңԺҪǼˣܲܰæ
ʣҪʲô
˵ʲôܻУȻ뵱ģӦòܰɡ
ҵ˵ͷʣʲôʲô
˵Ҳ֪Ժ˵𣿡

48
ʣôʣ仰
ߵ˵һ
ˣҹҵǰˣǰ˵Ļܲ
˵ǣҲûʲôģҾܸܲҿӡ
ҲøʲôЩշɨտտҲѡ
ҵķҲֹһ
Уһ㣬˵ĻҲȥô˺öš
£׼ٻˣ׼ұĹɡ
ʣǸСŮǸŮʲôϵ
˼˵ǸСŮѾʮˣ껹СͲˣеä˵ҲͷҿǸŮ˴Ǵǰ˭ˣţ׼Σû뵽ŵ㡣
㼲ţ˵ô˵ǣǸŮ˺պ͵ģѵǸСŮҲպͣ
ѵǸСŮ֮ǰ㣬һôӵѣ
Ȼ˵ѣԸ˵пܡ
ߵڴ绰ʾˡ
û绰ڱ˵˭֪ǲҲͨ
˵ʣǾôƺ
߲˺ţȴǱ߽شȻѣôƺԣ͵رĴºţ˲¡
ԭǻٵģøҾͿԣûݣ˵νҪԺˣǾͲˡ
߻˵ˣǱߵ绰ͨˣһСŮʣãǺʲô£
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СѹסЦҡʶ
ʣǸŮ˵ʱһװŸ߸Ь
ڱС䣺һ
߼һ໰ȷʶˣ԰ɣ
СӦһǣʶ
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СĲ˵ӺСǽŻ߶ûʲôǸ˵Ҳǹģ֪ԺҪ飬ҾԲȥ
ֻǣǴ֮ʶ·ˣ֪ƽʱûˣҽԿ׸ûˣˡ
Щ״Ҳ֪ԲҲǹģŪ𣿻ˣûϵʽܾûϵˡûңҲûȥҡ
ƽ˵֪ˣ㲻õģûʲôʧʹУҲŪģֻǴ绰һʣɡټ
Сƽһͷϸϸشټ
绰Ҷˡ
߶չʾһֻҳ棺˵ˡʲôҪͣ
㼿˿ջȥ
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ջŪƤӵָͷ̧ۿˣңвգ
ջĿ⣬գգۣҲǣ㼡
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ӡ
ʶô
ʶ
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ԣǲʶ
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ѵ
Ц
ߴ˴ͼ״۸ҡ
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Ծڴˡ
ʣҪȶã
߻ش֪ǵٶˣƽʱôʵż취߹ϵʲôģǣҶ֪ǸûʲôϵˣҲ߲ˣڳȥǿ϶Ҫʲǣڣֻܼϣʲôⲿչˡ
㼵Ҫûأ
üûУǾûС
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Ƶһȥˡ
˻ص㼣ԡպõˮԹûȥɣ
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ʣһ֮һֱߣѵһֱܳȥˣ
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˵ԼҲûӴ㻹硣
߳ĬһᣬЦ˵ǻһӣҲżɣ
û˵˺һŻشǣҲˣ㼼Ҫȥ
ЦΪɳɳ˵ȥҲᷴġ
۾ˮ𣿡
û˵
㼺ܿʹԡҴҶԸߵҵˮ̵úܣȷ黹죡
Цȥԡ
û˶˵Ȼɳǰ棡
߿˿ʼ磺ɳɲһƽЩȺ󡣡
㼺һɳ⣬ֲԷɡǡ
û˸һۣƫͷȥߣûḵߣᣬԽԽ
üʣˣ
ҡͷ᣺ɳϵζԽԽŨˡ
ɫЩʣ۾û˰ɣ
㼿ЩãȻشûˡ
˿ͫףе֣૵ⲻӦá
㼣
ߴ˴գɳ˵ʲôӦòӦãҲӦ
ҡҡͷ㲻ӦŵЩ
ֹǰѺĻ̻ȥˡ
ֱֵˣǸζûʲôֲǺֲѬֲţҺϲ
øӵʱ仹磬롣
üνˣǻҲԼѡ·ûʲôõġ
˵ɳȻҪûõĶΪʲôһ᲻⣿ֻҪô㹻ˣ

49
߹ʣҪϳȥתת
ߴ˴գû˵
˸λ˿ɫϣ
ߵ˵ͷϣɫȽϺڵʱֻСһߣȥȻܶ˺֣СĵƹⲻۣʵģоͻһƵģô֣ҲôᣬҲࡣô
ԥ
ͼߴչȥ
סļԽʣǣͳȥһȦ
ЦҲԶ߼Ȧ
Ȼ⻰ǿЦ֪˼˼ֻǾûȥתȦ⣬΢ַˣڲӰʲôʱֻǺԵ֣ʲô飬Ҫȥ߳ȥģͻЩøʲôʲôƽʱࡣ
һ˵һμʶܴܼޱӡ
Цʱ򣬾ͻԵеףֻǲЦԴĵزоûĽ׶ΣϵıǷȱģߣǸߣǻпܣԼʱɼǵҪԱºԣǲ
״̬ʱ򣬿ʵЩº͵˼ȻЦҲȫıĳ̶ȣ֪ԼģƽʱҲڣ״̬õʱǵھȫˣʲôûʣ¡
սս
޿״
仰˵ͷһƬհס
ʱʹ۾Ҳ·һľ綾꼻ֻҹصĻ꣬ɢ׷׵㣬ͻ뵽Ŷֵ㣬⼸Ȼģǣһ仨־ٺִϹϵ
ҪǷ׷޼Ҫ
Ҳ
Ҳ
Ȼ޵еվ˵۾Ǻĵһ̶ģ˭һۣͺ˵˵Ŀڹһг̷ֶ̹ǧɷ󽫱̵ܻһ˿
ֹɷأ
ﲢʲô޹ʱȫжαװģһͬʣΪ֮˵ȻҲˣһͬʡ
ݽ棬
񡶵澭--¡һ䣺
زΪۻʥ˲԰Ϊۻ
ˡ
ĪһƺߵӺС
ûʲôͬҲûʲô˵
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֣㼾ԼƵģٴͼ䡣
֪ģΪԼèè
ǣ֪ǵǱ۾ģҪ۾㼵ͣôǸˣȻҲǣôȥŮӻǿԽͣҪеģǵһƤ
Ҫǻ󺺣ЧӸо͸ǿˡ
Ͳģ㼲ʱһеɵͻȻһǲչ˲ʧĵܵܰɣ˸жءֽᣬ
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ָָС
ָָſڣȥתת
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գգۣ˿գ۾һӡ
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㼼ֱͻȻƤ֢
ƿίίסԼҪôߣתͷҪҪɳһȥ氡
㼣ٿȷ˼ͷ˵
һֱֻţһְֻסһʱĳЩè˫ȫʿƣ
һߣ˿ʣɳҪҪ·Ҳбõ·ûдģֲǳȥ֣㴩νġȻҲر󡣡
ڵϣ㼻Լ֣ͷһԼϴŵ·ʾ⸵ǰ·ЦЦҲ˻֣Լɳȡ
ȥıӰſڣȻ˸һۣɳµĺͼʱ䣬ҵͯ鿴
Ųӿһۣ̫ȤԼתߣȥˡ
ƿ¼ţһ澵ӣűƿڵĵƹů΢ɫƹĴ϶ĵ˳¼䲢Сվ˴´࣬ߵȻûҪһȥ˼
վſڣָָЩЬӣЬǶ̿۵ŵģǹŵĳ䳤㣬߹ŷճװ߹Ŷװֱñ֮ĶҪˣֻǲϲñϲʽҲԡ
߽ȥ˿ʣʲôˣ
ʼ磺ʲôҲûиɰҪǮ
ЦЦұǻóãһȥĶʱһǿûвֵǮ
߻ɵĺЦͰԹϵı˵ˣɳֲңʲôȥһŲʲ֪ѵΪˣɳҪΥҼͣҲԡ
õ٩˵ЩȴС
á
ںǲΥҼͣҲǺȥΡ͵ʵƬҲ֡
ģҪɱҪУҲʵû취ͻȥˣɴ÷˲Ŷ˵װҲ̫˷Щ
ǷзããեһμֵΪֹǲϻԲ˵˷ѡ
οôҲǷҲûʱҪ˰ͳȥࣿŲɣǷǴѪ̵ĳԴ
Źϣš
ЦС
˵䣬ֹţŲصȥˡ
̫ӦüҲܲš
ļɴ·Ь￴һȦһɫһɫȥ
·Ӱ١
ȷʵǻ·ģ֮ǰŵ·һֱϵͳṩԼϵͳṩ·֣ͨͨ˴Ҫճϴ֣ԱȽ鷳һľʹ֮˵ı䣬ů˲ˮ𲻾壬ҲϴΣպͰ໷ﶼ΢ķ
ԼװǾ͸һֲ࣬ö컻ϴġ
ֻҪػϴ·Ϳˡ

50
װ߱Ϊһ״ͷڵŵĺɫñװһ˫ͨĺƤЬ
Ͼˣװʡ
ǣĲװȥʱ򣬴źɫºͺڳ㣬·иñӣڵףǺڣûбĸܣĬվһϢ·һ
һĬҹɫй⻪ת꼻ûзֵʱʲôֵ֪ʱ򣬲ʶ֮ǰԼȫǱƭת˱ǵ꼻Ȼܺ޴ڸԼʻԼǱ߳αװƭȥģ
û֮ǰʶȻҵ𰸡֮𺳣Ȼ޴Ѱҡ
߿˿ĺɫЦɳǳδġ
е߰ɡ
ߵ˵ͷתص
۾׼ɳȻòԣվһһ˷ĺɫƽԣղһְֻȥⶫѾˣû취ָֻպðסĻûбĤĻôһѹȫˡ
һĵ㣬ɢȥ·Ϣʱĺڵɫϣ·һֻƻ֩룬³ɫĴŷʵ˿ڽ
ƺɳ϶ƽóԣܿǲʹôܡ
߿һۣν˾Ͷɡ
һۣҲûƽ嶪Ͱ
治ں
ҲǮ
ʣ𣿡
߻شаɳ£ҲУҲУ࣬Ҫ˵ܻ鷿ûеġ
ʣ徭ʷӼʱ𣿡
߻شеģû򣬹úܣУʱԿҾûǮ
˵ͷ㿴𣿡
۾ң
˶٣ȥشˡ
ߵıе㣬̾һǰûɳ֮ǰҲǿģǣ̫ˣ߳ʱҾͿҲкþˣǼǲǿͿˣҪɳڿң˵ġ
ʶΪʲô´β˵Щˡ
㼶˵
ԺҪ˵ߺߡ
˸ߵĻ˵ͷǾ
߶ЦЦ
㼲Ҳһڲ輸̽ͷ̽ԡ
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㼲˼ЦЦ˵ɳ㿴ǲʲô
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㼵˵ͷЦǣɳ׼
ҡҡͷ㼵۾һˣƺлҪ˵һۣ¶óһݹȥ˵Ȼһ뵽Ǿɡ
˵ţ㼵һֻ֣̯֣ϣƻȥ
һⲻ𣿡
˵ͷǣϰɡ
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ʣ㲻Ը⣿
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룬ףշ
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˶٣ֲѡ
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˵ҲϲǣҾǲϲΪʲôҲϲһҪϲɳɳǸڿӣǸԼڿӣɳϣϲ𣿡
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һ£ϵϲȥˣʲô
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ӣɳҽͽͣ˵Ҿ֪ˣһġ
ڱϿţһˮ룺ɳڴŵ·ҵģھͺһɳ
С豭һڰ׿ˮζؿԭҲʲô֪
㼵һӰ׻ȥһջԼ֣ͷѵһᣬ͵͵ײĿ⣬ŵתתͷȥС˵֪Ҷ֪меĶУοΧô࣬ǰûڵ䣬ȫ֪ˡ

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С˵Ҳ˵ɳ˼
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㼽˵Ҿḵߣֻѡ
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㼻һǣǣԺ󶼲Ҿɳ
۾Ȼ֪Լдʲô飿ʲô
Ѫ̽ߴ˴գСЦˣˣԺ󶼲ɳˣҲ˵ˣֻҪɳ£ҵһʹҺͺ˭Ҫǲͬ⣬Ҿ͸ҾͬΪֹ
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һɳΪұ֤ٲĴˡ
ɳ~
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ҵƬɳҵ·ʱܸɳһɳҵƽ۱Ķ磡
͵͵ӣеգգۣ¶һ޺Ц
бһۣ룺ʮֵĻֻһ֡
ӣʣɳ˰ɣ
ջӣû
㼵˵ͷŽɣͼ֣Ŷ
Цã㰲㣬δû˿š
ջڱϣ͵͵Σûһʣڳ𣿡

51
ǲе̫ˣ
㼵βûǣڵϵʱӹӣһ߻ͬϴү乫԰һЩĳʡ
ڵϻһڳˮʱİ߷Ծɳ㡣
˴ſ֣ɳۣɳŶɯ~
һСŮǣһ̷СŮ·߾Ȼ̷СŮС˿ߵˣ͵͵ƵĶߵ˵㿴㿴ֻС衣
СŮεؿ˿ߣͷͬǰǲ֪ĸˣмǸе׵ӡ
ǲ
ľ룬ټϣ֮ǰǸ̷СŮ˵ʱߣȫûѹЧ
̷СŮѵĻһ͵͵˿ߣʵҲܹˣǲϣ߷ڹ۲˼ŵ˵ҪǸŮģҲǿȥǣǾǲҶú°һʱܰĴ
̷СŮ˵Ǿ߰ɡ
Զˡ
㼱סĸ첲·һֻèʴᣬ⼸ԽԽϲôţɳȻǲõĶǻȥɣ
ƿ㻹ûкȾƣôˣ
ίίɿ֣ͼʧˣȫΪȥӣ룺·Ǹ߼ģᣬҲҪɳһԻ·ʱɳҵ·߿ĿԸ·
۾Ȼ
ְִԼӱߣȥԶһ㣬ȻҿܿƲסһȭ㶮ô
ֱֱȥȭͷΪ˱̫Ӱ֮󿴼Ĺ۸УһܿıǺ촽Ϊ˵Լ۾֡
ǣҲ㻵۾ʱǻָˣҲܳԺ󶼲֮ڡ
̻عʮѣͲվ֤
ЦЦæ˵Ҳˣ
һۣд֤
ЦǾ˵ɡ
ǸǸСƽʱ򣬻ǮȽ϶࣬С֮ǰ˵
洫ģҪһĳӣ⣬ȥҷףڱһ˼Ҫ굽Ķȥ˯
˲Ҳ
˵ǲڶ֮ڡ
ǣͨԲġ
ھ
ãЩܱ֣ܳôԶľ룬ҲôԽˡ
Сܴ󣬸ߴߵ·һҲ֣ûиʲô򳡡ë򳡡ƹ֮࣬˵·ϣϲֵ˾ͻȥ棬ϲҲ
һ·ƹ谵Ĵˣż׷ɣɫԽڣԽζһֲǰʱɢˮ͸ӻѧӦĸоζ
ʹҲᵽιӣӸ
һߣһ߽˵ҲǺ·ˣֹһ֪ģһûĳһŵĶɵӣһյ˽С˵ߣһҺȦĸϹһҹ·֪ôߵ˵ҽ
ĸ첲ʱеŻ˵˼·Ƶƹģ£ͷ̽Թȥʸߣô֪ôࣿǺ֪ЩҪ֪ǲѾ׾ˣ
ԼлԾյĳɷ֡
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ߵͷ˵Ϊ˶Ǹ·еϵˣ·ߴסߣܲǵã߹ˣﻹܲǵã
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ЦЦشǾͻ˵ġ
˵ɳƹЩ
˵ͷǰ·ۣԲעҪߴҲ
ƺе㺮ëһֻèڴըһë
ץĸ첲Լɪɪ˵е䣬ƺˮ
ԣȥ⸽ˮݣ
һʱЦãǣҡ
ֲͣǺ˵ܶ໰ΪĹͨҪ˾ģǸеģٲҪһΣǸŮģѾȥˣҪ˵͸˲ã˵·Ķǹˡ
㼾ͼҪشҾ·һˮԴˮܾûˣֳԶԶŵζˣҲߵôܲҿɳһ㣬ЩζˮԴԶһ㣿
е㽫ŽɣĲǾҳ
㼼ᶨϣȻǣ
üеί۾һƵˮᣬڵƹ΢΢˸Ƶģ˵ҲŲָоɳϼûζǰϢɳŵζģò׽̤ʵƵ֪ɳžұϡôö֮˵ɳã
ƫص˵˼ǣʹҲãҲ˵ˣ
գգ۾üܿЦô᣿
˵ǡ֮ǰ˵ѣǲˣ
ߵúһҲż˵ƣΪʧ
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ϴǣûУ
ͲˣοȷʵûС
Žɣһۣǿ˵Թᡣ
ЦֵΪԼ˵ѣһ±飬ЦǴյߣЦǸˮĺó
˵ͷ˵סӡΧûʲô˾±
˶٣ЦҲ»󡣡
㼵ҲŲΪࡣҲ±󡣡
˵ͷá
㼼Ҳں࣬ҵһֱ
á
ڱЦһ
㼵һӾͺˣе߳ŭ˼Ȼ˶Էһۣ⣺ҲŲǽ
ͷá
ָ˵뿪ɳͻŵζˮܳġ
ͷ֪ˣǣһǾҲǡ
㼴ϵǣǣĲǣ
һۣͬǡ
ֿһ㡣
ü̫ˣһỳǸĹеɫ
ɿһ㡣
ʣôô
㼻شһֱġ
㼣ϵǣû׵ý
ͷŶŶ
ߺȻ˵ҽ¡

52
˳ڵ㽲㽲
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㼲֪ôߵģ仰һ²ˤڵϣôסվˣһȳһյ·ϣһֻͷһյһֻףϿ˿һʱ˵ɳҺ̫ˡ
̽̽㼵Ķͷ¶ȣº͵û°ûء

53
˵ҪԼؼȥ
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ˮˣ׷ˣſè⿴ò׵ȵǱҪˡ
߿ţŷʮףֻһֻ֣˶ͷɿգһš
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ͨˣȻνһضֻ˵Щȥĳ̶ȡ
߿Է߷Χ֮ڣӿտգֹֻܣܵϣȫĴıӣǽǣͷͷϣɪɪҲţͨ죬ҲѱһǺʿ
ԼԼҲš
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ǣǸСµҪҲҪ˵ʱһǰѾˣȷ֪ԼôվȥʹƫƫӲ㿨סײ˼Σû

55
߸оԼֻˣſϢ˺һ֮󣬲׼ȥʳĶһԲ;ߣǩţӣţֽţϴţͽţùĺӺͿӣϴɾá
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һһȥؾûûס
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Ļö죬־·Ǵ򿪵ĸ̾һֳٵϮգգ۾ͷؽˣӦˣֲǺվһȻҪ߳ȥֻµ˵طѾˡ
㼿ԥ齵ġ

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ʱ򣬲⿴վڽͷͷϵĺһûԣԼЩӰڻüۣһʱЩã;裬ΪԼУֲôǵΣܾǰԼڽ״̬
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һֱˡ
üǰǰĹˣǲɢ˳ȥҲ̣ôǺã
ڴҲ췭ظ䶼ڵƵģһȥֻƽôˡ
㲻ڣҲڡ
˵仰۾üͷоÿ˵һ֣ﶼڷڡ
ʱʱǲ
㼵ʣأ
֪ô֡
һԼʱղ࣬Ҳˣǻشҩȥˡ
˵ڣһϣ˻˵òϡ
ʣҪϢһ᣿
ûҲû˵
̾
ĹҲǲܵġ
̿ô࣬ûɱۿҪˣҪˣҲȲоƹˡ
⻼Ļ̡̻ˡôǮҲУɴǮǳȥ
һҲʣˣûҵʱ򣬲ͱϳȥˣĶá
ȿȿȡ
ûô˺ѷˣʱܾԼڱƽѪ֡
㼰ﲻæ౻Ⱦ
ҪǱȾֻ˵һͽ޹
ͷ
㼵
㼵ͷȥȾ棬ˡ
Զˡ
ЦЦ㻹ǵ֮ǰԼӦô
㼵ͷҪɱ𣿡
ʳ⻰Щģ
ЦЦͷʱˡ

76
Ըô𣿡
ŵ棬ŵǰ̫㼵ǰ˴ա
й֮޲
Ҳ֪Ǵģ֪¶Ķɫ
Ц֪ûԸ
ǱҪɱңҲûʲôԡ
Ҫò
ֱظٳʱӦˡ
ɱ˱£Ҳˡ
ɱңȻӦسŵɱ˱£ҲΪҽ̤ʯ
ûʲôΪֻ˳ȻĽ
ЦЦȴȥطɡ
üǺܲһ󣬾ƺֺࡣ
ʱ򣬾Կ壬ͬɵãӰ壬ûʲôԣȻòӣȴ𣬴˲˾ͻһµģǿֿһʹӰ죬ҲõϲԲ룬󲿷ʱòϡ
õϵʱҲûʲô벻˵
顣ǵԼ첻ɣˣôĵ¡
ҪȻ뵽˸һ֮УӲʡ
οƽʱԸ˽񲻺ˣðײ
Ҫ֣㲻˼ɴǰԼҪ룬󲿡ѹ˹㼾ˣһʱҲջȥɴߡ
λָ·ϡ棬Ǽǵѹܲ·
һ·㼵Ļڸ߰㼵ʲá
ָ˸ʶȥ룺ȻҪȥĵط϶Լ֪ôߣôô̤ʵأϣҪ·ɡ˵ʲôʱͻˣʱ³ȥúҩ˾Ͳˡ
ܲ³ʲôԼǴδζ·飬뵽Ҫ˵ڸɤӲ鷳úܣһԲͷһ¡
㼿ã
Ŀǰ¡
һͨͣסŲԶȻˡ
ǰƿţ㼸ڷˮЩ
̧ͷһǽϹһͼ
ͼƬʵò˼顣
һߣ㼿˿죬룬ϳˡ
֪һ̿֯
㼿һۣ૵
ûʲôܽܵģֻ档
࿴ۣȷһЩ顣
תͷЦ·ҪɱҲɣ϶Ϊⶫɣ
طе㲻Ӧ
ŪȥֻܺŪˡ
ʲôطʲôط˴
룬ҲںҩˣϽȥ
㼻ʣΪʲô˵ǲ˵˵
¶ƽıЦ֪´ƻ£Ȼ͸Ұɣ
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֪ǲ˵Ҳûʡ
ȥһҩߣ֪٣ųȥˡ
㼽ݸ¼ҪŻҲҪԼҩǡ
˺ҩ˳Цˣǰ꺮ůľ͸ˣﻹûе𱰣
㼲ôһ˵ͷҩȥ㹧̬ˣЦ³겻ƽЩģôЩĪˣ
㱻Ǻ˺һ󣬵Һˮʱ˵
Цǣ£Ҫɱң취ǰȥʲôԵĵطأ
Цˣҩһߣ֣㡣
֪ҪԼ·ˣ̾Ȼֻ±Ӳܱˡ
ЦºôóЩ
˵䣬Ц⣬࣬¶ͷǰʱ򣬵ЩΨΨŵŵӰˡ
ͷһذִӱϵĳһСƿɫҩˮ˻Σ㼵棬ҩƿԵ⽽棬͵ġ
㼵˾ˣǻغƣġ
û˵
Ҳû׼˵Ļᣬסļ򣬽ذƤ֮¡
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̾û˼
˵ţ㼲ĵŻѪĵ⣬ԼĲ
ʣٰѵһߡ
ڴϣѪ
㼵ʬЩȡ
ûüٸϻ
þ
һþɫڳŻסצ
ơ
ûʵ˼˻֣ĻӳȥЩɫ˸ɸɾ
óȥˡ
׼뿪ȻĿϣ룺ȾȻȥ˴룬ʣһЩòһΣķҪڶҲ鷳ͳŻᣬһˡҪûã˵
ǣ˺˻棬ԣʼи㼵Ƥ⡣
һþʵЩˣԲעҲܸһ㣬˵ȥ
ͼСվʺɴ˳
һԽΪҪ
˸տʼббַ֮ۿŽѾ㼺Ȼˡ
û˵ְ˴ιȥ
Ҫ˳֡
˿㼣ΪԼǸ룬ûͣǼ
ûѹֱѹˣһ˳ָǿιȥ
ǣ˺üΣûôע⵽Ҳ˵ᣬ֣ƵķȥĳֽǶ˵Ǻеģ㼲ڱиʶǶȹ۲졣
þﲻҪ̫߼
ǴߣԿƴ󲿷ⲻܿƵС㼡
ʱ㼵ľףþҲȫֱʡ
С㼿ƵĻþХſ磬źˣ˴ڶ͵ͱ֮£ҡҡ׹
۾ˮſ˵
ֹֻʹ˵
һ˼⣬ò׽ϣһ̧ͷֲԡ
㼵ı֮ǰԾˡ
ջþ뿪
㼵ľƺҲ̫ԣʣû۾˵ˣС
ϸȥֻ϶ظʹʹʹ
ߴ⾭ҲˣĪﲻԣſ֮ȷʵԣʳſܲ𣿻㼵ӵиǿĴ͸ˣ
ҡѣ
㼷·һò״ͨˣͷʪһƬЩδգգ۾̫ȷԼﻹһ
ָ˵㼣㼵Ƶĵ

77
㼻Ǻ֮ǰһĵһ۾ץסϵûûأ޲ҪԼȫµѹƵģ˻ڴϣоԼ·Ѿˣһ˫֣඼µ¹ôص־ڵһȫѹ
Ϊ㼺ôǵʹԸôһӦѰƵĿˡ
ʲôǳԲǴ
ûԵģʳﶼʳģɴ˿ɵã㼸ȥлûС
㼻ץƺ𽥻һЩˣþֻź£ϵһûſڣһʱ˵ûҿһۣ㶵ģͻȻľͷˡ
Ҫջ֣ŵøˣͻȻĳֿأᣬȪӿҪɰצ㣬˹Ҫסѹס֮ǲ뿪ǳԼ
Ϊһ̫ѺõѶţԤһӲ̫õĿܡ
㼱ŵú룬ԼʲôʱŻ
Ҫ˵ʶţҲǸСˣҲ浨СƽʱҲûŵҲûʲôµ֮࣬ôͻȻˣ
ȻΪղ̫ðɡ
㼻˻һԼе𾪣ڿѵúˣ֮ǰʱʱ̶̿ڻӺöˣ٣ͻȻ˯ȥҲһץĸ첲ɿűƵĵԼҼһҪ·ϡ
˵ζôʱеôߵζˡ
ҲǸʱ㼻̫ѣ⡣
ûѣֻƹðˡ
ֳ˳Լ֡
һعһֱͦˣ۾Ҳ˵ɣѸ̧ԼԼᣬգգۣţ򴽣·öʧһԼĿ⣬Сʣɳ
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ƺ⿴ܳɸˡ
Ӧһ֡
㼿˿Լ֣ץûһɿļƣͻȻ;Լ˫ַˣɿʱָƺΪݵͶýӲǰ˵뿪ֻһʱά֮ǰƣ̫á
еڨڨģֲţȥϰˣգ۾˵ɳ
һʱ벻Ҫ˵ʲô
һۣ
㼵ıһ¾;ˣǰ㣬ſڣ˼ؽʣûҩأ
δ䣬֪Լӻûǳ˳飬룺ⲻǺ֢ɣ
룺ɳЩëɣǿɾˡ
ûпʲôĵÿЦֲǺЦޱ˵㿴öˣˡ
һӴҲöˣҲϣҲԼûЬ
һתҪϰ߻˫һأԼɵˣһƣˡ
˵˵ٴͬɵãٴ
㼴ͷɥվ
ûòԣַƺûתͷһʣô
㼵ͷɥһǲ̫֮ǰһ֡
һ֣㵸˵ֲ
վǣºͣ˵Ҫģֻǻþʱ䳤ҲǼϰǱߣڳϰ߾ˣһģǱʱѹס㱾ļ䣬߿ɱļӦҲڰɣ
㼵˵ͷСƺûΪôûöʱȸԾЦڡ
΢΢ףתҪߡ
㼸ߣҪ֮ǰڻþʹлڣѧźƤһһġ
ôǵϲ֣ƤСﶼ̫ˣУҪȫᣬûı˵ľͷͻû˼ɵΪҲûбҪһˡ
΢˸ˣ㼻ԼŲƽȸøβ͡
ǲϲġ
㼺֪֮ûиúܽգ۾۲ķӦûԵų⣬ԼһԽԽָˡ
ʳĹ̨ǰλ·߹ȥӻȥࡣ
߳енͦѵãﵱԼĵˣΪþ顣
ǻþ̫棬ʱ̫̫ʹôܡ
ڶԼȷʵ̤ʵ¶ûʲôʵС
㱵úܡ
ȥˣ
롣
ţͽڹ̨ߣ˭֪һȥʱع
ʹÿѪܣÿÿ⡪˻
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ղŻ񲻶û΢ϸһ£ʱʹζ
֪Լ֮ǰڻþΪʲô۱۶ˣʹͣҲֹס
ѹĵطˡ
֮ǰҲᣬû޵ʱҲãʱŸо۾ܸʹһ㡣
۾طǲ׼µģһŪˣøԭ
ǣþֱȻʱ㼵ûͣɴ˶۾ֵĴ㣬Ҳ˵㼵۾Ӧòʹġ
Ͼû֡
Լ⡣
⡣
޵̫̫ã۾ܲסɲˡ
˫۾ֱȣʹй֮޲
һۣŵĿʣ۾ණ𣿡
ҡͷ
ĲҲʹ˼۾ûܿĲӡ
ƾˣЩɫ󲿷ֶСֲ깣֣룬ˣһ´ô죿ܴܲδζô鷳㣬ҲԼܾϣ͵Ԥˡ
ԣȷûʲô֣֮Ȼѹûܻʱ䡣
оÿ˿ڲͷ­ǿ˿ƵĶӡ
ԲעͻͷӲϹµµȥִѾǳʵˡ
㼽λϣҶԼͷ±ˣԺڵϹģ֮ˡ
ȻһҲòϿôǲҪ͸ܣܴ
ʣ޵۾
Ӧһ
˵û룬
е֮ܳǰûôºͣûҩԼţҩͶԼ꣬Լ߹æҩģûô
һͲչ˵ӡ
»žǿֲҪչˣ²Ѿˡ
˵ԸԸ⣬ûʱ䣬һҪѪôѪ辶
˿ڲѿ֢Ӿ硣
ʹɼα·֡

78
֪ĻΪ̵ġ
һ˹ⶼûôʹ
㼽ֱλϣȻ˵˵ѣһ͵ҩͰ׺ǩͿʼҩȺᣬ֪ǲ׼㣬㼸ҩ۾ﻯʱ룺Ҳôʹ
ջ֣ùǩҩ࣬ģֱʣʹô
ûʲôģôһʣһʱմҩƤʹúˡ
ˡ
ʹһ֮㼺űǼ⣺ˡ
ߴʳҴ߽Ųһ٣ת˵ˡ
ΣǶֲ԰ܵķ޵Ҳˣ˵Ҫǵһѧ
СŮǰʧ١
ҳΪǻѧУѧУΪǻؼȥˣô˸ĩ
һѧûϣʦ绰ؼңҳ˵֪˵֪鲻ԡ
˴죬߶ûҵ
Ǻ֪ģһʱ䣬ҵһʬ塣
һ
ּңĵطҳڶʬ壬һʣ˼ġ
ǱҲû˾ÿǼ˭˭Ҫ
׼ǳȥҲûʲô˵ģ¼ҪöˣеĶУǱ߾ԥǳǱߵ˽
ڻû
ߵϢȴ硣
еԼļ꣬Ƶúܺãֻߣָ˵ĸоֻαװѡ
ߣһۣʣɳ
ص̨󣬺ν˲ɱģҲûͷ֮ǰ㲻ǴϵҪȥССȻˣĹϵܲҲһ˰ɣ
鶼ѾˣǻûûģԿóʹǱΣգΣҲǳ
ߣ룬Ҳûа취ֻ֣ܶද֣ͨǡ
ǲʲôⶼûմ𣿼ʹҪǣҲСס졣
ʲô¡
ڵ״̬ٳȥΪȥҲֻȵϢˡ
Ұģżá
ߵʹüۣЩƵףҲż
˶٣ƺѰҺʵݴ˵ֻǾã΢
ɱ˵Ķδ̫ЩӵǰֺҪ߳ȥĿ⡣ǴģЩ֮֡
ǿǲ˳۵ĳЩòһΣЩ飬װ׻顣
ں˵ҪôںǣԼȥҲûʲôԣҲһ˳ȥǼҲҪһȥǾһҪˡԣŵĶţ˵Ҳ
ҡҡͷû취ǣ۲Ϊ
οҳȥˣҪˣǾҵĴˣһʱץףҾһʱǵףҪҿɲȥָָ㣬Ҳ˽
㼵۾˴룬ҩܿͲۼˣֱֱţĪеӸµƣŸ˵ôģʲôôأʮָ꣬
ںҲûãҪ˭֪ô㣿
ûʲôҪ㲻ҪǸʲôǷǵðǶõƬоѸǵѵ֮ǰ
գգۣеȤʣ֮ǰ
֮ǰʲô
㼻˵һʣ˶٣Ŀתȥߡ
˵
û˵˼
㼽͵˵ҳ˵
֮ǰǼ꣬Ǹʱ໹ǿƼ
ж˻
֪߱ʲôȨɫǮˡ
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ҲǸʱˮˣҲ֪ôܵȥġ
࿪ʼ˵ǸˣˮˮԭΡ
ͷ֪ˣִȥ档Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ûʲôȤģûûʣҲ˵
ĶһһˣˣҲԽԽ١
һ죬ͷʼҡһˣû塣
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ʱҲȥҲûͷҲؤ
ͷܰȥ˹ԹƵĵط
Ѱ˼һҲܼȣҾȥһΣˡ
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Ҳôˡ
ֹ˼죬Ǳţˣֽܲܿȥֻȥ
ǲǰһˣ
ƵĿˣһһңҵʱš
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䣬֪ǲӲãȹһλȨصһ
˵֮˵Ҳǽλ൱ͼ
Ƕǵˮ֮ӿȪ౨ġ
ǲ
տʼ˴󷽷ϵۣ㰮ңҰ㡣
ͷˣ˿ɲ
첡ˣˣˡ
һʱҪɽѩһʱҪǧϲΣһʱҪﺣɽĵҩ
ֱûһҪʲôʲô
ΧȰȰҪʲôȥˡ
֮ô£ΣվȥҪǸˣ˲ٲҲôʾġۿˣ˾жĥɱ¿ˡ
٣ҾûƼô
򦣬ۿҪ˵ЩĻ³ȥǰѲĻԼʻȥˣ̫ˣ˿ɫƺһż
ЦЦЩ˵һ˵彡ʲôҪ
ǸǷ˸߾֮ˣǡþͲôем
ҵΪǸôͿ𣬵Щ˵ص֮һ
ң˴ӸҪҪǣҪˣߵĽûˣ˺ˡ
˵Щ֮ǣĶһ˵ʲôӽǮĻ
˺öôҪȥ
˺λãǱ˱ˡ
ˣ߸
˵λȨأҲûԹͷֲ֮ϣôߣиߡ
ǸԼб£ͷĪбǱˡ
ӣ޸ĸץİѱð죬Ҫһ˻ץס򲻹
Щ˲ܻ
ϴ󾢣ȴ
ôģôջȥ
Īе˵ôġ
ȥЩǲỹˡ
Ҳôˣһ̡

79
ЩΪ˻õĺöȥٻûˣ߾һ˾
ȫЩߣûһ֪Ľĵġ
ôȥˣ˻һ֪
֪ˣ֪ղض˵
Щ˲ΪҪٻ׼ȷ˵ЩҪĲֹǰٻ
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˵ƣ˱ڹʱֳӵܷҪܷתһȦ¶ģﶼܣͻҲġ
Щӵܺǵһ˵ʶҲ棬ʶˡ
󻹲ǿȥߵĩ·ȥҲһѣƲ侮ʯ
һ㣬ҲǿҪһ侮ʯˣãиôĵʶ
Щֻեļֵ
磬ôҵݵҩġ
ôõЧѵɵҩ
ôαΣ
ۿŶҪˣǻˣôأôôˣ
Ǿ϶˸߲Ǹˡ
Ц
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ʵʲôûгֵĻ
϶һϵûУǰ϶ʵ
Ҹһ
Ҳ֪Щ˵ʲôʲô
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ǿˣҾˡ
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ҵʱһȺΧӣˣѪܵģ˿ھô
ȺûϣţţϱȱȻ۾ֹ
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Ǹȹһ֣ͷԣʲô˲ˡ
治֪Ӿ⡣
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㼴˵ˡ
߿ڵɤЩɳƣƺ𲻺ָմӻɳơ

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֮ǰȥǱߣȷʵȥġ
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ǶԴңȷʵҡ
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֮ǼٵģЩϷ
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˸˭֪㵽鷳úܣԸֱӻ
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Թۺȷʵһ
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ڹһۣԸЦʲôʱǣҪ
ߵ˵ͷЦףΪ񡣡
ڹ󣬽Ų˶٣ʸߣд𣿡
Ȼѣǿ񣬿ڹô
ڹЦ֪ûǿȡ
ߣĿƣ

ߵ˵ͷУʱʳٻ͵ſڵġ
ڹһ㿴еĿ־塣
뿪ˡ
ǿûҪ
߽Źϣ̲סתͷ߽ʣ˲ãڹܲôãһߵͬҲأɾǶ棬ҲߣܰһһѰɣ
һֵۣͷ˵ɡ
ѾˣҪȥϢȻŲһ٣ֿߣֳһЦҺеͷˡ
һĿ⣬һǻȶЩСʣ˵𣿡
΢΢ҡͷ
еʧ䣬˵ɳʲôʱ˵˵ɡ
ϰԸ
Էתĵ䷿ֻһŴ
Էڶ棬ĴҲڶ棬һ˯ô
㼵۾˼Цߡ
˵ţżһתԳٻӲԼķȥˡ
һأߵĿҲסŲģѸ˴
˯ˡ
˵ͻȻһΪʲô
̾жһ¾˳
ҲȥϢˡ
߿⣬ڻ̫
ˣҶϢҲ׼С
˵Ǹ£ǵãЩΪʱĹϵģˡ
±е
ҲʱϢϢ
Լ˵ԼתҲ˷䣬ֻкƤӺźûйعĵӶƬĿ΢СŲɫĹŸ衣
һ˶˯еãͷԵʡ
֮еġ
һҹܲСᣬǼŹİϻҪ
˵ûһʬġ
֮ǰѵ㣬ţڿڹɫࡣ

80
ΪǼ̫ˣͻȻͲƼ
٣ԣ¼ˡ
˿ڹԷı鲻̫ÿ
ôǱûнչ
ǣԼĲ²⣬һʱû֤ݣ½ۣΪԷ࣬ЩӲĻֲ˵ȥ
Щ̾һ
ɸ˽ӴĹ
ģҲǺҲǺѣҲǺɻ
ڹǱߣʵĶˣȷʵûϵȲǶ֣ҲǱָʹֻɺϣߣֱͼıѣ鵽ΪֹǶôġ
ûгָɵԵ֤֮ǰʹڹҲܶʲô
й¡
ʻ
ϾЩһţ粢жͨˣҲûġ
ǼҲֻã
⻰ԼԼ˵Ƶƭ
ڹʱҲֻԼͣһ߸е裬һΪȷʵɸɾٲøеϵֻߣһʱҲܷ־ʲôϵǲص̫һ˲ŵԵʡ
ʲô
룬ҵĹӦ뿪ˡ
ڹɳϻǴЦݵġ
ûһ˻
Ҳֻ
ʱûİ취
ǣǿӻ𣿡
һ㶣ңҡҡͷشȻҴģҪȡȴԼҵطҲҲҡ
˵Ҳ˼
ǿӡ
ȷʵйϵ
Ҳȷʵָʹġ
ǰһʳΪ˵ɱ棬ûʲôԵĵط
ϾһӣֲˣǰûǾòȫˣҲΪᱻ֡
˵ָ͡
ߵķӦּɣӰ㼺
ǿӳȥûû׼ţҲûӰӣ²׼˶ˡ
֮ǰȸһƱġ
ڵǳϲ²⡣
վԭأЩʧ
ҲĻˣ۾ѹһǷ
Ҫȥץǿӻ𣿡

üش֪ܵȥˣôĿңֻҲ
ˣЩʱҲټʮˣЩ˵żʮҲǲõ֡Ҳʳ;棬ҡٿǿǰ취
ôٶȡ
ʣҪ֮ҲҲɱˣô죿
㼵ô죿Ҳû취ֻܵԼˡ
ԼǲȥҪȵӵľò֪ꡣ
ѵȡ
ֻܰ
Ҫȥ֪ҪͷҲɱ˾֣ͣԼĹҲδ֪
붼ֿ֪ܴвƱһǧĸʡ
̾
˵Ҳ˰ɡ
뷨
߼Ϳ뿪ÿ׺Ƶ㲻ˡ
Ҳõ·ϱס߳ѡ
ʱ򣬾Ҳӣȥﶼܼӡ
ԶԶģԺҲˣҲûʲô
ԥһ£ǲְ취ġ
ϾҴҵûбˣҪǾôˣһŲ֪˭
Ҫ֮ǰԼԼ飬Ųûй֤ô
ΪԵԤϣ·һĻֲٿؽԼԼĵɡܴ
ҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪Լ鲻ôʸߣͷһ죬û˵ġ
ԼĴǱ⣺Ҿ취δزС
ܶˣпߵһ·
Ҫɱˣײ˵л̽ǵ̬ȣǶӦԣ֪ͲģֻԽԶԽá
ҪǶҲûʲô취翴֮Ҫ֮ڱɱˣҲûϵˣǸ˻شϡ
߿Լţʱⲻ
˵ֻǲ²⣬û֤ݣҲʻһ´ˣԩҲʵڲá
ιҲˡ
߳Ĭ
һᣬ˵ͷ
ôȥˡ
֮ûˡ
٣ûС
ڹúܺã˵ְнҲȢӣá
㼲֪ôĳγţĵùǺȥ쳣
˳⣬ûûӣڸ߼߸Ǽߵ飬Ͼ֮Ҫֻһ
֮ǰֱߣҲ̤ʵ˼꣬ʲôԱȶԱȴǰûʱܾʲô֮һʶȷʵЩ
˵ƺЩ飬ɻ߶⣿
˵̫
ûϸ̾һԼ顣
ϴε˸ѣԼ׼˽й֤ٳϴε飬Ҳһıˡ
ٺˮˮλ
ߵҲˣ
ڴȾơ
˵£ҲʲôˣԺĺˮǵøߣڲԤ档
ֻȥһΣԼŲ˺ʵĵطźãһ󣬻ǻˡ
αϴεʱ̶ˡ
Īգգ۾ȥĴ
Ҵûˮϻš
ĳһ죬Ȼһ½󼸺졣
졣
ʸߣ㿴ǲӳˣ
⻰ʣ㿴ǲӰ
ü˵ͷΣȷʵǾӳ
ǿִָȫܱȽϡ
ǵʱ޼
ֹ˼ǧ꣬Ǳ߸»꣬ƽҡ
ǿӵѾǳˣ½ţеί
˳չ֦Ҷָо
һ죬ˮˡ
ˮλͷǳߣԲעǺХǿ½ȫûеֿ
һֻǹȻ˶ѡ
֮ǰҲǺΪ˺ܶ취Ϊʱͬıȡ
͵οˡ
ǣܶ취ڸտʼ谭ò취ڰ·ʧܡ
Ա
ǿȻͳָǺ񻰹õѳƶ˵ĴڹӲдһҴûߣıϰԣֻΪ˱ܿӿˮͱ˵Σ
Ĵûкϣܺãûгͻһ˳
Ǻƽġ
Ǳ߾ͺ鷳ˡ
ǲǲԲȲ߲Ҳɵֿ˷ΣյĴڡ
ܴ
ȥģ޼
ǻȥˡ
ǿ֣࣬鷳Ķ
ûǰȥĹĴϡ
׵塣
ʤ
ϧܶȥ
ס˲
չ
෢Ĵ

81
֮Գ֮Ϊս
һ͵֮ĳͻԳ֮Ϊս

㼻Ⱥȥˣ֪Ƿûнһֱûиˮ档
֮ǰ˵ЩҪʱһ룬Ǽͬˡ
δ顣
Ҳ֪ȥڲż
ƺ㣬˯ˣûʲô񣬷ӦҲٶࡣ
ƤӸٲʱʱ֣ʱʱޣûֻûбġ
ֻ
ʳҲڣټĵ
Щˡ
ǰǸΣȶƣ
ԭΪЩһһޱ仯
ǿŴѾӵ˷ٷչĿƼڵĴƺľȴȫľͷΪɣľñӻǣķף뺣ٲôľͷ
ӣһ޶
Ƽڱľͷĵ£ᴬڣ鴫
Щ໥Ҳˣ粻ǵģźܳβͣɫĻëӯˣƺĵħ˲ȥ
ˣˣʤʤ
ôţеࡣ
ǹʿĽ׶Ρ
һжǻеٶۣ·Χȫ
̧ͦͷνˣǣëڣɤɳƣ֮ؽˣ֮޲Ǽ֮꣬ؽ׹Ԩڸ߿գؽ׹䣬ˮ棬ؽĹޡ
Ķ棬վԼĴϣΧ£ɱɢ
ˮĲƻûɢȥ
һͷħϿͶɣ
˵䣬ߣڻ͵ҩ
ɫѾˣҲľڸߴԵʡ
ЩŶеζ֪ǲںɣԼһȳζ
ϵë׷ɣɫɢ˫ûУͼкɤȴɳˣԭ߿ĺ֮ɢȥֻ˻ļУһĽ
࿪ʼá䡣
ԣЩﲢô鲻ãֻе롣
ˣΪȸԣᰲʵ෴
ڴϣѹʳ̨ǰμƵһӡ
Ժ¡¡Ĺ治ɫ
׹ˮ࣬޶ԡ
Իǿ򶨵࣬ޱ顣
һж˵һΡ
ͨǲʶԼеģʶˣǾͲӦóΪΡ
һжʵ٣ǰڶηֻţϷ
ıƽһƺڲ㱡֮ĵȻƽ
峿΢¶Ҷڴϣ糳ֵһУ·ǰͥԺ֮УڣԵ֣޾÷޺ӣǡ
ǣôӦá
һУӦƽ
ЩԤʹʱѾǵĴҲ뿴࣬Ӧõתͷ﷫𺽣صԼľۼˡ
޴ֻ׾ٵظ˻ȥ
ǻ޼µġ
Ҳÿ˶š
ڶݵĻƽϢ֮󣬲һѾʧȥʶŤڴϣ㹻ǵһ侲ԼͬЦ
һ˵һ죬ǻɱǸħõĴʹϵĵ档
սһõȫŲƽԼΪƬĺϣΨһյİ
һ˵֪ˣαصȻɱҲֻûȥʱǣЩİȹ⾰
ȻħϣҪǵ鷳ɱסҲãܵó취⡣
һ˵ȻɱֻԺҲûа취ġɱǵ⣬֪
ûԴЩһԴǣǻƣǲֱӷ᲻ͬӦ߸º͵һ·
һġ
Ҫ;ͬ顣
û취ӴԹͼʡ
ǻȥˡ
ֻʧ
ȫ
ڴϣºͣԶƺΪΪƬ̰ʤ˴˿΢ң۾
ʳ골ŻůɫĹâޱ仯
ԼǴ˸˸ӵվ̽̽ͷ⿴ϰΪſȥ۾˯ˡ
תƣˮȥ
ƽ治㲨

½ظˮϡ
̤ʵأص˹ȥ֮䡣
ǧʱ䣬ȴܶ顣
磬ħ
ڹĻ͵
ͼȥһ
Ի͵ĿƼѾԺ
һá
ƼϷչ׼ȷ˵ĿƼʧЧˡ
ǿʼѰ·
ǵӾ硣
߳ˣΪ֮·ߡ
ܽĽݾͼᣬɢأΪƺ֮ĻԵ
գȥϢӰ١
˶һΪǴŵĵһߡ
ǣѸ߷Ϊʦʵһš
ҪǸˣҪʵ֮ǰ
ֻҪʣǡãͿˡ
࿪ʼɡ
ߴһʼ˵ú
ÿһȥͼᣬǰԺдס֮·̹;޽
֮·
տʼɣãּ䣬ɽתۼ䣬׺ɣ
һжá
׳ţĵðڡ
Զй鴦
ֱĳһ죬
еһ˾еڶ
֮ǰãӵһ߿ʼͽӶʼ
ÿһߣ޲۵ĶǸ೤ԵʴӱѧҵһõĴʾͿݣ
ߴӱػԵ滮Ҳǧ䡣
ѧԺɱҰ
ٴηֳŵȣࡣ
ֹ˼꣬˥ߡ
ǰĿƼ伣١
ҲʧǱ
Ҫô죿Ҫô죿
ߣϾɵĴֻΧ¯һ
˵ɳҵųˣǡ
˵ţ߸ֱָָͼᣬָ˵λá
ͷһ¾ơ
ХɫԼɼƮɵѩ
Ҳһʣɳɳʲôһζ
ЦЦҡͷ
ҲЦҲԣɳ׶ſ˽⡣
ԽǣΨжſ
һüЩϻЦţֱֳоƷ嵭ķۣ΢΢ɳ֪ʲôƣ
˵һơ
ЦɳҸգ

82
ƿ治֪Ѵķص
üĿʵ߶ԸߺЦʵ
Ц׾Ѳˡ
ԭǵ𣿰ѽʧʧĺգһﲻĸ·츣ҵƹˣ
Ц˵ۣ죬λѲΪһˣѿɻ졣
ʣ֪պ˾ƺ
ЦԭһұһС䣬Ѽʣոߡ
˶٣ƿЦ˾Ϊһ١
һʣкγ
ҡҡͷ޳˾һλɳƷҡ
˵ͷʣ֪˾ƻж٣
ЦҪж٣ʹǣҲѡ
Ц˵粻ɡ
֮ǰΪѰѰһҩģȻ֪ôһֻǱڸ޶ˣǴۿŽ·磬в֧׼ˣ߾ƺ岻ݴǳְæޡ
ŵ԰Ƭ̡
׾ǸɫþƺýѵӣɺϣȻЩ²⣬ȴ¶һ㣬ҲһʱˣҪǴֻ¸ҲҪôȥ
˵вԣƺС˵ûУҲƺûС
첻ʣҲ͵ûУ۾ûˡ
ȣƣ⼸仰˵ʮֺ飬ɵͼΪѡ
γΪαҵĵرҲʱҲûȥˣ𲽾һѵޣһЩΣգ˵ƤĻǲͬα
̽ʸߵ
ЦɲȻвʡ
ϲ̾޵ѹҲĳ޳ȴҲЩϾƣѲҾˣ
¶Щ۵ɫǿֶŮ鶼ûóĺþƣ
ֺܿЦֶŮжˣӶˣµʱҲҪƣð
ٺֶŮĶӶˣˣҪҶûøȥ
ҡͷ̾ǿϺõľư
Ըٷ˵һƣܸˡ
ЩҲδؾҪ̳ӾƣֻΪĺþǶôĶһ٣ԪӤڷɣ
Ц̫ˡǾڶ˸ͷˣ˭ҪܴߣӮˣҪòء
˵ĳȲ¶һƣر
Բɡ
ؾ֮ģ½֪
ߵ˵ͷȻ
˻֣ǰ棬Ÿ߹侰ƵĽ
˵зˣǰˣҲ˵
ָһô
Ǹʯͷ˵ǰ˿оԻһʱϮʯͷҹڴ˴ܴˡ
һߵĴʯͷָָ㡣
߱߱Ц
ûã͸ΧȻӿһ
ʱò˵ˣ֮ǰѾҸߵֻ޴Ⱥֻˣ
һ仰δ䣬˽ʧȥԷټ
찵ӦҵĻǾҵˣҲ֪ǧȫ
ôţһ˼ȥҸߡ
ûҵģ룺Ȼ취ɢҳȥʱҽҲøЩ
Ϳʼת
߸ߣȥˡ
ȷʵ֮ǰֻ޴ԼȺĹһʼûסߡ
޻ûֵʱͷԡ
Ҳ³ˣ뷨û˵ôͷš
ֿڱתתȥȥ
ٿ컻˷ҪȥҲ͸ˡ
ûʲôˡ
ֻǹͬһ·Ҳѡ
ڸ˵ֹϵ̫ͨˣ
һ·ϾҪһЩСϲ
ȻẦԼѣǲΪ˴ﵽĿģ·һ̼
֮⣬Ҳ֮Уǡǰˮ̬˵
ڣ߿ˣҲüˡ
ǰųȥ߾ͺһϢɢˡ
챾û֣ΪȥǱģתͷһ߳ˡ
ʱ־ϲЦѺð
˿ЦѼȻˣΣҲɢˣǼ߰ɣ
ߵ˵ͷ׵ӡ
ɱ߱˵
̸
߱˱׶ޣ˺üؾðգֻøԽԽθˣɵôãǵҪԼӵĺþƾôͳȥʣµĲԸҲȫûˡ
ۿž͵˷ֱʱ
ķڷԸЦز¶
ºЦ۵Ѳؿǲô
˵ͷͬˣ˰
վһλͤͤĹˮܽأȻò徲
֣Ըǵϲƾ³ߣ̳Ͼƣ㣬ʱ򣬸ѿҪ
ߵ˵㣬ºЦһһ
쿴ߵĹϲɫɽ˵ʱ˳ˡ
ֿŸߣȻ΢˲ϲվ֪߲֣֪߲Ҷ⣬Щʲô޻Σ콵ǣһΪ֮˵вš
Ը߶м׻׻̵˼ˡ
øߵԼĺˡ
ߵĿĴﵽһ롣
˵ͷЦЦ
ƺЩͷۣѾߵЦŵĹԸ߲˼͵ϾǸңСЩҲɰԺչˣһḺġ
ǻԸҵѣպ˵˵ġ
Ʊ
ҡҡͷˣһȥġ
˵ͷЦһ·Ӧöлѵչˡ
ҲЦȻѣǾͲлĻЩȥɡ
Цǣǡ
˵ЩٱԣԷֿ
³ߣȥѰ졣
ˣ
촩һ޵ɹӣ˵һ׼֣һԳոʱϲüңæӭ˳Χ˶ѵüϲãǻиӣֻЩӣûе͸˵ˡ
߶񣬿˿һĺ죬Ц۵һ˲ţɹٵ·Խϲ쿡ˡ
ɫ΢죬ϻЩĺûҲǼ⹧ά˸ߣ߱Ц˵ѵЩûţ˵˲֪иĺѣǶĽ
лҪ˵
죺ɳʲôţ
ߣԱ

83
Ÿߣϵĺ󱲶濴
һȺ󱲻˻֣ʾǱ·ϡ
һɵģϲܣʶһѣˣΪᣬģǿǲǣ
߲̫˼ضЦЦƢܺõӡ
һ·ߵ䣬Ϊ»֮ǰδ֮䲻ϰףǸ¼ﲢţкºȱ衣
ڵĲ豭һߡ
һߴԼ飬һʣҾ˵ǸùûЩС˺˵˵飬㿴ҼңҲûг£رƯǱߵԺ
ڲܹȥ룬ҪˣȥôʲôûС
ǣһ룬֮ǰ㣬ҪȥҪԼ͵͵ˣòãۿӵˣɲܳ
˵֮ǰ˵̳Ӻþƣ׼ˣ͵ˣû뵽
֮ǰ棬ջȥȻˣ⣬һȣʰˣҴȥǾƣ֮ҲдˣȻôģ˵Ҫ͸㣬ǲʳԶʵġ
˾ƣʲôʱȾͺȣز࣬ҶæҲˣµˣҲʱʹˣҲ϶ѣҪ£ȥˣϲӣüѪ
ҪΪ㸣¡
ߵͷӦˡ
ܿԼ飬ִŸ߳ȥתתһɸɾƯƯ̳ʵʵ΢˿оеľѾƵġ
ȷʵһ̳˴εĺþƣá
ˣЦЦҾͲˡ
۾ž̳ӣЩᣬ˵Ц˵Ҫġ
û̸ƣ˻ִ֣Ÿߣָָ·Լ·
ߵͷЦŶˡ
챻˺ˣҴææġ
ߴˮ鿣ɫʱ
Ȣ޳裬ġ
ϯ˳
дˣЦһһ
£
ҡͷЦˣһ£úȾơ
ȻЩźҲûǿ󣬵˵ͷЦԱ㣬ҹ
ߵͷ
ˣΧ˶·ûп
Ϸ
վ˵Щ˺Ц
ʱˡ
һأ
֤˵δ£ϺȻһ⡣
¡¡ը·Ҫһ㡣
̧ͷһֻ㳲Ҳͬʱͷ
۾ӡ
Ψи߻ߣƵؿԼľơ
һͻȻ
Ŵơ
޵˻˲Ϣ

˷иޣͬһ壬ضɽҡɱˡ
絽ޣ۾ǿŴüͷ壬ԳԭΣԺҡͷβҰƻ
ŨϢӿȥ
ǵĿһ£ûþҵף׼ȷ˵ǱĸԴ
Ǹ
˵ľСһ£վԭأƺŵôˡ
ߣһҪţæһѣһ£㿪޵ĵһ
Ⲣǽ
ϵҲܵӰ죬Ĵƻ׷ĳζĿȷ߹ˣʵϣһǸܵܵϢǷһǧĶԣκ޶Ժκֳ롣
Ǹѵ塣
ʼǳ֮Уͱҵ
ҲΪʼȺòΣˣֻΪǸù࣬뵽ࡣ
ֽһƽʱɢ֪֤ȫϢӰĹ͡
һ˲ֱܷ档
Ͼһʼͱ࣬ˡ
ѵشܹμԼϲһһǰһ±ѪȾ΢΢ڣһԣ۾ˣᣬץԽ
ߺһƣվһ·ͻȻĳϡ
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ҲǵãֻһʱûЩʱȻͼǵˣҲʲô¡
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86
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ʹһɢܵżÿһͷ䣬һƬС
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е㵣ʣɳĲȥҪ飬ҿԺɳһȥһΡ
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һӴǰצŴ̽ͷԿҡҡβ͡
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˿ȥһӣɸɾûûש飬ûмҾߡ
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ǣڿǰöʱġ
һʱ䣬ѧˣԿǲ̫飬Ҳ̫Щ˾ϲЦ߿˲˵ҲʶԼòﲻª뵽Ǳ߿һۣ֪ǲҲ롣
תһ̲һǰ̾ˣͷ̫ܡ
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Ȼƺ˹ƣǶ̬Ⱦ˻ɵȡ
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ʵҲȷʵˣʲô˾ڣһֱڹ̨Լ·˯ˣַ·ʱ

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ֱҲǾԶȥ֪һδԼңԶʱյԤ
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ǣǲеģȫȥӾȻڶݵʱڣ֣ܵͬҲ˶ʧණŲʲôöǣ֪Ծܾ֪һžַܾȫͬġ
Ǹ˭ѽ
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㼻شеģУҪʲô
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˵˵ͷһЦݣһݣҾԡ
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90
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Ҿ棬ܱߣһСķȥʵˮ滶ȸԾЦ
εδ𡪡εδ𡪡
ʱƣδͣЪƾһǻѪںŽĵҶǵĹУˮŸ裬ڵ潨˸԰档
Ҷúܿġ
һһ뿪ˣڽȥůɫĵƹ⻹ҫ
һڵڵĿˣŲֻʣǡ
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㼲£Ź̨⿴ȥҹɫƹģ壬ֽ˵ڲǰЩƵضŵ̧̧ۣ໥࣬ӵǣϣ׹䣬δ𡪡
ܼĴˮ˳Ų滬ȥҹɫᣬƺŵڵһֻ֣Ŵţ¶΢Ц
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㼵ͷ˿ԼһʳԱƷһڵʣˣ
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91
ȥȥٶȱȥٶö࣬˵Ǳ߿ͻѾˣǣһŵֺͼŹ߻谵ƬĪƬ뵽ҹС̨ӣҹɫѹ
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Ƭܺĵƹףʳ棬ǲ͹ⲻʲ壬ºͣԽ˴ߡ
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㼿һ۶ǩպջĿ⣬ﷴĳԽʹ͸ĸйٶԽü
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ջĿ⣬ҪߣȻһ仰Ǳѿڶô
СΧصһͷͣˣ˶ϢģӦһƴ˸ʤ
ƺƺڵϻ˼š
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˿ֻ˵ôҪǮھµ͵֣ʲô඼С
˵˵ŷԼһʧܵԱͻΪۿԼҵҪˡ
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˵ͷĶԷ۾ÿ˵һ飺ѵġ
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ȿȿȡȻô˵Ҿ͵һݣҲ֪ʲôóˣԱ͹ǣҲԽ⣬㣬ˮҪ˲Ҫ̫ҪвͺС㣬Ҫ̫ˣ

˵ͷӦһʣ͵
˺رϲ˵ĻһЦȻ͵˻ûߣ㼫֪ˣ
ҲԷֻ·֮ǰʵĻǾ˴ԼþͺãþܣҲǣˣ˵ˣֻڼɿڼһģһķϣҲһİˣ޶ȻӺ
˵ͷ˿ֻ
ֻģԼðģҪôҪˣⶫȻͳˣʧȥ䲻ʧȥʶⶫԼϢʱȷ޺Ϳˣ࿴ۣ֪Ķ֪ˣٶԱȶԱԼӡûвӦġ
ֻҵһʳͼ꣬ӲӵģůķΧΧһůĵƹˣ¶ȶ΢ߵʵĴ㿪һĳͷһҵڲװԱ۵ס
֪ҵģˣҲΪ򹤵ĴС
ǵٲúЩϵôЩҪ󣬲֣Ҳδزɡ
ղǾ仰ȷʵѿڶģ˼˵ˣʧ֮ǰ˵ġ
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˵ˣҲûǸҪ
˿˿ͻȻ͸ı⣬̫˵˵ұɢɢ˵ãײ˵СײһȺ죬㿴ƭӣֻԼҪײһѾȻ˵ҪҾǱߵϵһȰɡ
ü˵껰һۣƺڿû
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ˣ¥߳һʮ£һʼû߳ˣСƵģһͺèˣûƺ֮ǰǸˣӿŲˣͷΨΨŵŵ
ͷ߳ˣͷڣüͷ֣߱໰һۣԼûпˣޣװĹˣû̹ϲţ˶֣ûҽ̣
Ӧúޱ飬ֹˮվڱϣһһۿȥ
΢ǣһԼЦ⡪ˡ

Щϣ໰ǵһˣҲᶯŭԼˣ߰׷˺ģЩˣǣԽƽ
ȫں
̫֮ǰڱŵ˶վ߿üͷ׼ߣӡ
Ҫ߹һȺ˶ݺݵһۣɢ
ͻȻͻ˸չȥûõȭȭʹɡ
վԭأǶɢˣɫޱ仯ûɵˣǾˣԵˣȻĻǶġ
ϾﶼУﶼã⡣
ͻȻ뵽֮ǰ·Ǿ仰ֲãԭָǸġ
⻰һû
תղŵһվԶͷԣѹԼƺ뱻ɫ΢΢ˣ״̬̫á
ȥеգеŭ㣬㲻֪ȥ
ôô
е֣룺˺ӸԽԽǿˡ
Ȼϲ񣬵ûж⣬Ҳǿ͡
ֻǿֲʲôöס䣬Ҳõס۾ܿס
ҽеδˡ
лҪ˵
ƻδˣȽȽ
δǱġ졤

92
ڳһͷδһͷ
Ҫȥ
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ش֪ߡ
δ˱Ļشһ£־úܺ⣬߿˿м仹һξ룬ʣ
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δҲǴ𲻳ʲôشǣûˣˣҾͳҵԵģΧĵ̶ţûǮ׼Ӹ绰ôڵĵطҲңҾ͸ǴһܣȻ㺰һ䣬Ҿͳˡ
ЦЦ㺰ʱѾˡ
ģ˵ҿңҺġ
˵ͷ֮˷Ҫȥأ
ܾܲһϣȻ󲿷ֶȥˣϾû
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Ҫȥġ
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δ˵е䡣
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еֵĸͬܣ˵ȫûпԼԵδ˸ͬܵĻ䣬ֿԾȫƫƫ˵δһۣüԼԷҪôҲʲôʱ˵仰Ȼô
ǰͨˡ
תͷȥԵδЦԺʲôأ
̾һԴЩԤϡ
δȻشȻǻ硣
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һֻſԷֳ֣һֻǶԷ磬ȥˣȻΪδ˾Ǹж꣬Ӳ岻·ʲôѪһˣʱעŵδԺжҪֹĿɡ
ǣδ̸Ķ͵δͬʱҹп̲ס˶ԷһۣǡôʱĿԣԼͬü۾ҡҡͷתͷȥܿԷĿ⣬ֻǵδ̧ۣȴü
ǵ·ͬһ
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ôͱһ
㼴ȥʳݸδˣվߣҲ˵ֻǿֿδˣգգۣûҪ뿪˼
Ȼδûеһʱ䷢㼣֪ʲôʱ򵽣Ҳ֪˶٣δ˾֪Լˡ
ЦЦЦЩ⣬𣺡ˣҾˣʣ´лᣬٸɡ
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ƶԼл档ʹûУҲ
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ҪȽûйȥףԸӴ㼣δˡ
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Сӣüû⣬ͫʢһӨӨ·Ƶƹ⣬̬ܵͣɳ㲻ʶˣ㼣ǵô
գգۡ
ı飬Īеѹǿúÿǰ¶
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תǰ͸ɴǰʣɳһҲǵˣ
˵Ǽٵġ
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ҲҪشѾˣ˵ͷЩæʣɳﻹչˣҿԸôңٻȥˣڲǶǵã
Ҷǵã֪ʲôһ֪޲޲ô͸ߡòã
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㼵ֵȣЩԥ˵
㼺ӵվĿŪ·ϣЩҶվǰգգۡ
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㼶˵ɳʳ꾭ӪúܺãҲȥҲûйϵڵŵţһ٣һ࣬ȻҳǣҲרģǸ߹˾ǱԱĹֻԶ·Щ
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㼼Һò׼ɳʵڲôȥ֮ǰɳ֪ȥҺò׽ȥûãߥȺڵϢһʱ䣬û˼ģԲԼ֪ɳϲ˸ţұֻ֤ɳĻɳҾɳҪҾɳҸɵ飬һҲɣɳұ죬ҾͲ˵

93
Ҳ£Ҳ˵ҶɳģҺģɳôҶһߡ
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ԽԽСֱ
˿˵ͷԸһʱ䣬֮ǻȥɡ
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ЦЦеǿһҲϲ㣬ϲˮҲͲϲ㼵Ϣͳǰ뵽ĳЩȻͲϲ㼣ǣûж⣬֪˵Ǿ͸һ߰ɡ
㼵˵ͷ¶һЦݡ
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վ·ǰüеᴩ·
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һ¾ͷֲԣһֱܿ˵ľ룬˰㼣ǣԼָй֮һ˲еת·ͻȻʧȥ˿ռʶֲңҲǰߵֻͣͻȻվסţŷӦԡ
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㼿˼룬ҪǲѵɳھҪȥҸط𣿲صȥϻȥȴԸ㣬治ܱȵȫƫƫƫƫʧȥ˼䡣
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㼾͸ͣסŲվǰˣûǰ˴գס˫ǰϲɫ۾ϸ˿۾
۾һʱҲ룬ǲΪԼûУԲŻϲɫ۾
ʵﲢϲֻΪûУûУŻϲһ죬Ҳ۾ߣɳԼлõ۾֮󣬻ϲ
ҲֱӾˣڻûõ۾ʱ򣬾Ѿųˡ

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⣬һ붼ܵδ֮һ
㼲ǺҪ࿴һᣬľ룬
΢ЩֻҪ֪Ϳˡ
ȷʵʲô֪ʧȥͬʱҲʧȥʶԼȷʵӵǿͿԣҲ˵ڵ޸֮粻ֲܿᣬܼˡ
üӿһᵽѪҺζ˿·ղʲôûգգۣĿ⼫̰һһĶͷȥüǣ۾ëݣĿͣ°Ͷһ˺
ڵɳ۾ԺԺɳͿ϶ǸϹˣڼָ֮ǰ˲ûбҹɳ۾ԶҲˣû۾ͿͲ۾лϲ۾ֻһߵͽѡ
ƽĶۣⲻ롣
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94
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üԵ粨Ĵֱڲô˸еȫ
ϾǰǰǿǸһէһĵ֣ûǰδѾˡ
ǿߵ䳾Щƽʱðͷ뷨
ԥ֮ǰ˵һ䣬ǾܣķӦƺӦˣȴе
Цǰǿ󣬾иǿǿɲ˵ģҪǸ߳ŭڲܰôԺҪˣҲָˣԼѿ
۾Ϊֱֻɱƽ۾顣
Ƕóǿ־ʹĴڣͨʹ˵ֻзЧֳ鵶һ£˭Ҳܲס
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Ҳʶƺ̫ԣֻ˵Ҹɣʾ⣬ǾôվｩҲǸ£ͻȻ㼱ɹҼƬ䣬һζץס㼵֣ſڡ
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˺óԣ󣡴Ҷ֪ģǲǣ

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һ𿪴ӣ̽ͷȲģƮѩ׵ˬ
һһ룬·˽˸绰ߵͷӦͣű⣬һͷЦɺóˣɫֺãζ𣬼۸񲻹רġİɣûʲôǾټ
绰Ҷˡ
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ůģȴңȵ£Ҳյÿ˽ʱ򣬴ӱԿó¶С
˵ɫº˼ֻ֣˵ŵǼˣŴ˺üιǷ
ڵһźˮǳǳ⣬ĲΣƯɫʣߵİ
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˳һ뻨ڵĶϹ˿ǰá
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ĹͲںĹ߸Ͱ۵ţ̶ѸɣĹʣ飬ɿ̲ڷ϶֮ߣζͱһð˳ױУȣʳӵһ

95
ڹȻǽϿһۡ
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ѩƵİɫţڸ壬͡
һԲͷԲԵĺ̬䣬һҬˡ
ҬصЩСëƵۻɫĪ뵽ϲʣһ㶼ǳֻζɫûеζɫǡôһֹͷǳһַ·Щʲôζ
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͵ĵƹ޼
Ҭװ͸Ĳʵ޻ڴ˦ԪֵֻԪڰľСҲֵǧ٣֮ڿȥƽƽ档
ɫҬڱйɼˣȻſ˵Ĳ΢΢·ЩΣȻǷǳ֣ۿžҪԽڣƫƫסһߣûһȥġ
һߣӷ£ҬָƽԼڱͳһţ·ӵĺΣ˿ʳȴڡ
һҬ̳ˢݣЩĴ궼һ˿ɫ׵Ҭ̴ӳݷ䱧ס⣬ţȥκǵȥһ׿ǻڱڣ˿˿ζôˣһȥ֮ǰԹʳζζ͡
ҬԴֲΪһľĹʵľĳ򶨣ǹӣĳɵ֭ҺζǳǳĪ뵽ʣȹһڣϳʱЩ⡣
Ҭ֭ЩʵϵҬ⣬Ϊ֤ⲻǱʲô
͸ҬһƺбĤҧȥ׽ʱ򣬾ܸܵҬŷǿҷӦ֭ˮһһƵ򣬾׽ҲԽζЩһˢƵġ
ܸɾ
Ҭ֭ǴҬ֭Һûбĵ׺ӣѰζһԣԭڸ˳Ḷ́ٳһڣһڣôô࣬ûˣٺһڣһȫ̫¶ȸɹأ
ûˣ
һҬӼҬⷹҬӽǰɣ
ҬӼʱһ룬еˡ
ཹཱུ֭ðݣջƺͺܲ죬ɫһĳݻ˿
񹽣ʹһһԣѩѩף֭ˮƤݩԲ
Ƴγεףһһڣǳߣˮ֣ͷųԼصζʳĻɾͣ۰׵ҬҲɵߡ
һᣬҬ֭ζ
˲ɵöʣûˮô
㼿һۣ΢ЦȫҬ֭ûҺ塣
˵˵ͷһ
㡣
гɿ飬ȥѪˮݹˮļ棬ΧǣֵҬ·ڽ׻ȦƯˮеһֻصļ
֮һֻ֮Χ˻ȦˮƮȥҲǶһ޶ˡ
Ȼͷгһһ飬Уɫ˳էһɫϸһΧʳ˺ѣһ΢΢ףһԺﳤֲƵġ
һպϣкͮͮСɫķֳɼݵСʵ޻ɳƬƤǳɫʳɰɫɫͣɫƺЩ΢Ŀĳڵļ⸨Ϸʣ΢ɢˡ
ҪƱԼûлǾҪֿʸС
ͣͣۡ
~㣡
ҬˮҬɵҬҬţ̽ϴŴһҹݺõŴ׼ʮǣŴҬװȥȥҬУֽСʱ󡭡
˿һֻۣɿԼѴ֣
˵Ҭӷô鷳ôҵһóˣ
ϻһóȥȼСʱٻأǲﶼװˮ
ŶŶҪҪҬ֭ζ
Ҳǲԡûʱ䣬Լˣٻǡٴһݻɡлл
Ҿͳˣ
˿ҬӷɫǳЩַ·ɫĴӡ
ҬӽǷһߣС룬ⶫ𣬶ҲԲ귴˷ѣͺܺá
˲ɵִֻѣ
ιҬӽôģ
Էôô鷳ȻҬ⣬ˮǣȥǣϴݡп飬ǰɣǷۣſܰ׺Ư߻ԵĥСʳԡ
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µĹ˿˽һۿöҬҬ֭кҬ𣿡
ԥһ£üͼԲȻҬӣ֣ʲô֣šһҬӾ͹ˣ˵ʲôʳﶼвҵġô
˿㼣Щڴվˣҵ겻ϣʱ׼õشת뿪
㼵˵ͷһȡ
˿;վſڣе޴룬΢΢죬ϾȣҲһ
㼺ܿͳˣԹ˿Цʳô
˿һæͷǣ
Щϲģ
㼸ָһλã˿ˣ۰ͰͿӣĿⶼûƿ֡
㼷ӣת뿪
˿ȲֽԼǰЩţһֵֻһֲֻӣ룬ɴ໻һӣһȥ˴룬У۾̲סЦֿסԼÿеʳ˷һ㡣
óĺóԣֻе㲻ʵΣ֪˶á
ټҵ궼ûҵҪ̫ˣʱ̫ٲȻǸɴ಻š
Եˡ
Ҭֲͬζɿɣ濴һʵҬӿǵĴֲʸУֲͬɿ㣬ڻһ𣬾Ҭӵζɫǳ
ҬǺҬ֮һǳɫõҬء
ҬǾҬĨƽڣڸзḻηںͻȻһƯ̵Ĵ
ǳɫҬӵ⣬ƬĿܣװεҶӣɫıɳ
˿ͽȫĶƷʳΪУûôƱ顣
ʱֽһλ¹˿ͣĿˣۣаҬӣʲôóԵģһԵθڴ󿪣ôˣƫֶ
¹˿վſڣ궼һȦ΢ɲ˵ͷ˸λ£㲻⣬ûҵ˵㼺һ

96
ҪϺ֭ϣˮһҪѩ̴ߡ
¹˿Ͷ˵
гɿ飬Ϻʼ죬뺣һΣټͣһ΢΢ͻͶ˳
ʣҪô
¹˿͵ҪҪ
ƺҪֹ
㼵˵ͷʾˣ˳ȻûдСȻ˼⣬ȴҲȻ
¹˿ͶֵһҪһΣҪϺõģҴǮ
֭ϷһߣһСƿװţ۵ɫ
ˮνƤϴëȥƤˮǣ𣬰裬ȵƿУ飬ģ߷ֳƬķɫСȴóϣȣܲ룬ʳɡ
ζġ
ˮʼˮϴƬȥѣȡ֭ˮƬǽˮ
㼷ϵʱⱭˮѾˡ
ȥƤƬ죬ϺʼӺںϾȥȣƣͬ裬ƬţţƬƹƬ΢壬ƬƳ࣬ţ壬Ϻʼ뵰Һϣ΢壬ҺƬ֥ʿƬƬƽ
涼Ƭ˫ɫƽϺʻţƬƬƬƹƬƬ֥ʿƬɫĺ죬ƵĻƣ̵̣׵İס
ǲ
ʲô̵ġ
¹˿͵ȻҲǹͷͷ
Σҧһڣüɵֺһ׽ϺʣǺġ
Ȼһ֭һˮѸٽһӵˮˮ
վڱϣװŴѩ̵Ĵӵݹȥ¹˿Ϳһۣɫ΢΢죬ͷͦ˳ȥ
˳Զʳ꣬̿ʼ绰
¹˿ͣҸ㽲ĺúó԰ءҾûԹôóԵĶҪҪȥȥǮǸС̣ôˣҼֱ͵գ
ѣ֪ˣΪ˵
¹˿ͣһҪ˵ʲôûû
ѣȥ
¹˿ͣԣȥûУҪûȥ֪
ѣðɣСڣȥˣһˣ
¹˿ͣ㲻֪Ϊʲô绰𣿣ҾҪȥǣ
ѣըë֪ˣȥǣ֤ȥǼҵðɣ
¹˿ͺһҶϵ绰
һߵѿֻĻ֪ΪǼҵ㿪ءôżôóôҲŲأֲҳԡҳԵʱҲôóԣҲſţҪѳԣҲҵˡҮ
¹˿ٴβͨһµĵ绰裬ҽȥһҺܺóԵĵ꣬´δһȥûʱ䰡
ǼҵʲôУд˵ĵԱƢܺãҲÿһֻСƹΧܰ
˿裺Ӱǲ˯Ϳˣôʲôеĵأ
¹˿ͣУţҴȥһΣ֪ģò
˿裺Ȼ˵ģǿһ£ҪֻҧһڣԺҲȥ
¹˿ͣҮˣ˵ĶģóԵżӾʮȦ
˿裺ˣ֪ˣӣ𼤶סôãҲԵϲĶǮǼҵҪҪͶʣ趼԰æŶ~
¹˿ͣҮˣҪǮҽؼңˣҰ֣
˿裺ŶŲҲ£ˣ軤㰡
¹˿ͣҮ
¹˿ҡ
̫ɣ¹˿ֻؼˣһ棬һʱЩ㶡
¹˿кˣԷɴһ˶ȥǼµԳԺˣҪĲȥкѣЩ̫̫ɵأǺò׽һӣٳܰ³ߡ
¹˿͵˵ͷ
¹˿ֿ˿ߵˣ˿ӡ
ϣ¹˿ҲˣƫͷҪߣ߱˵Ҫ治˵ɡ
ԺҲҲ԰æȥĿͻ˼ˡ
¹˿¶ϲЦݣ˿
ҹ΢ȣ˺ܾã׼
۾ֵʱ򣬺Ȼǰһֱ
˭
δˡ
͵δ˲ԼͬԶԷ¶Цݵð
ͬʱ˵ͷ
ĿԣӶЦ
δ˶룺ҪȥҼϢϢ𣿡
ЦȻ
Ƿǰֻݼһ棬طȴ·ѣñطϤİ˾ǣôҲ뵽˲İ
Ż˵úãƷ֪ǧ٣Ͷࡣ
͵δȫ֪䷶
˵ǻΪָ֪һʡ
δ⸽һ
ڿδƿӾƣһƿ
ܺȰɣ
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ЦΪ㻹һ̣˵ء
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δ˵ϴһ⣬һû˵ԱˣҾˡ
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δ˵ɫһ䣬ƺ𲻿ĵ飬˵£㣬ҪססһסҲûʲôЩ˲һҿһ̡
ңҵģҲûǰôںˣҪסţȱʲôҾǡ
ô룿
ҡҡͷЦ㲻ϲģҵȻҲϲ
㲻Ը£ҵȻҲԸ⡣
δ˵ЦЩҹȻû㡣
˶һۣЦЦֺ˾ơ
ŵδʣô
δ۾ԼܱȺͱίȫ˸˶ˡ
ʣǮô
δҡҡͷڻ֮뵱뷨Զ
ҵĿҪɣֻǮȫģӦñҸһ㡣
ˣ˳ǣкЦ⡣
˵ͷ̾һʣҪ˵Ҳæ
δ˿˿ҡҡͷʧЦˡ
ǲˣңĿɵʱҲ˵ġ
δ˵һ仰ңҪҵˡ
Ҳ˵ġ
˵ͷǲǿģôһ˵δ˴ӦͰæδ˲ӦҲŲȥԽ޴ҵġ
ֺһʣķǲҪǮȨˣ
δҲܻ˵ͷ˵ǰǮǲģܻᱻһһȥһʣһ롣
Щ

97
δ˵ĳܿ״̬޺޵ظԼһھơ
ѵشһ
ۺȾ˵Ҫ˵˵ô˼ʹϵҲС
˵δһۡ
δ˵ıҪޣַ·Ҫϵȥɱˣƿ׿ϣ
һЦðҲûʲô˵ģǣ޲ȥ
˵ͷΪ⡣
δ˿һۣƺŬֱ̬ȾǲмѹűȽ϶࣬ųΪǣ˷ܿ£ʲôǡ
̬Ⱥһ
ᣬҲᡣ
ϣЩȥֻй֮޲
ǣϼװƽֻĮü޶ԣ취жֻԹۡ
δ˺ƽƽǲӿĺ⡣
ѹס
ƽϵ߿Ӷѡ
δ˶º͵᣺Һˡ⻰ֶĵģһϲƵġ
Ա˵ֺǸôӦñȱӡ
Ǹ֪ҵ뷨ʹװ˵ˣҲ
Щ˶ġ
Щ״Ρ
̾Ⱦơ
δ˼˵һĸףһףһ游һĸһ˾ˣһɩӣһ磬Щ˾ҵļˡ
˶٣ЩԣٿԼĸԼŧ˿һһȥѪѪ䶯棬۾ЩѪ⡣
ĸǸ궥ķ͵Ůˣһ㣬С͹Сʱң̫֮ݣͷѵǡ򵥵
ǸǰݺֵˣͷẠ̊́ܶζܴҲϲ
游Ǹ׷ԲԵԣƢͰļ
ĸͷ٣˺ݣƤܻƺܺڣкܶߣܶࡣ
˾Ǹݣϲҡ
ɩǸûסŮˣû˵
粻ֵܣĸ׺;˾Ǳߵı곤ĳɻӵˡ
Ƕļǡ
δ˶ЦЦ
ĸ׺͸÷һǸͯϱ
νʵ޹أһҲģ˵ЩǾͻΪҶģӦȥǹ㣬˿ǵĿ⡣
˵һȺΪǵˡ
δΪȻ˵ͷЩЦ￪ʼ˵أ
һ˵뵽˵ɡ
Сʱ򣬸ĸңҺǣҺ¡
ǻҹסϣϢǲġ
ûʲôǱͿԲģҲֻԼǴܱô˾ˣ˾ͲˣʲôΪԼע⡣
ʹ˭ҲûңҲסԼĶָֻڵץץס
ҵ·ˣ˴򣬰ʹѹҲˡ
游һβˣĸæǰæ󣬰Ҵ˳ȥ˼ϹȥҲȥҲ뿪ӣҪ֣ҵĺ󱳣ҵֱۣҵȺͽţҿź˵ҲߣҵĻ
ȥھһѹסңʹﳶȥҿ޵ææµµûж࿴һۡ
游ˣĸҽӻȥ˵һҹֵñ˰ҹ˯˾Ҫúȥлл˶ĺãô´ξͰ㶪ȥҲˡ
˵˷Ӷ࣬Ҫǳȥ˷ץˣԶ˺ӡ
ǲҿ˶ãѹ˶ãʲôûɳʲôֻԼ
ʲô顣
ĸȥ׶԰˵ѧ֮ؼҡ
Һܸˣҵ˺ܾãû
ȥʦߣھӼҵСھӼҵСԼؼң˾ԸȥҲС
ھӼҵС֣˵ǼҳʹӦ˵ģʦŷߡ
Ҿͻؼȥˣؼҵʱƿţĸվӣ·ңʣôˣ
ңôˣӦ˵㻰
ĸ˺ܶ飬Һش⡣
Ҷ˵ˣҪͻȥûʹ벻ȥ
׶԰һȺΧסңҳԵϵĲݣҳˣǲɢ
ѧ֮󣬱˶ˣֻұ游ңʦ游˵ʱʱһۣ˵ʲôǣҺЩ۾
һΣ䳬УҪһȳԪһһ΢ζ
ĸײͬ⣬ҺѹܳȥǲܵֻԼ顣
ǣҾһҹ˰Ҵ˻ȥ
Ǻ֮ǰһţңԱ˵лҽȥʲôҲûʣʲôҲû˵
ȥͼݣĸȥңҵ֣ҪںʲôЦϷ˵Լ׷ҪҪȥԷ
Ҳԣѳԡ
һ죬ĸҳţȥУǰ棬ں档
ǹߵֹ̫Ҳϲţ˵ҳɼ̫˵ӦȥѧУ˵Ӧȥϰ˵Ҳ£ֺڰǷǡ
˵ǲͷ˵ҵ顣
׶ĸ˵Ҫ㵱ҪҲŲϲӡ
ĸ˵ϲҲôˣܲɱ
˵ӦɱĶʲôôֻ鷳ǡ
ĸ˵ôҲӣѵһҲϲ
˵ϲҶСӡ֣˦ֵĶС
ĸ˵Ǻãˣǰ棬͸ˡ
˵֪ôģһûòһӣ裬ҲˣҲȥϧˡ
˵Ƕûʱ䣬οǸ⣬ҲǵԸҲϲǣĶӣ粻ǲʺӣο֪һϲġ
ĸĹ¡
ϲĸףĸϲףѧʱͻϲˣ飬͵͵Լᡣ
æʳһѧдҵ飬ȥľߣֺܳһʱϵ
ĿŵȨȻ˳£ӡ
һȻңһˡ
һģ̥ˣһģӤˣ飬Ҳ̫
ζŨҵЩӡѾ벻ʲôʱʲôطŵģߣҸȷǲһجΡ
ǵĸܺá
ЦһôҲᣬ𣿡
δʼ磬϶˵öԡ
ЦЦ٬Ҽż⣺ĸǶ˵˶ҵģʲôҵģ
˵ҵĶӦģҵӦ
ҵĴҵӣҵţʱԴ򿪡
δһ
һɾƮһߡ
ı鼥٬ºͣЦ˽ԡ
δԴؿһۡ
ƫƫͷһʲô˼ҲӦ֪
δҡҡͷûС

98
涨Ϣʱ䣬첻ϲ˯
ûаʱ𴲣ĸ׾ͻƿҵĴͱӣҪҵͷҪҵѣȻҪҵĴҲ𴲣ҪôǿнҪôƵǽ֮ķ϶ȥ϶ﶼǻҳɲ𴲡
ûϢͻվҵĴߣӸַλ֣ƵҵĴأĶƿڴ¥һҵͷͱӣεΧĵ߲ͷص磬ָҲ˯
һΣѧҪٵʱұҪߣ͹סңסţŷ룬Ҫҳȥߡ
һΣңһҪȥѧУҲĻƷӺӣûܳȥ֮ˣĸ͹ң˵˿ãǾǾöѡ
пţĸţ˽˿ңȵʣô
ĸı鿴ܲ˼ǺƤﰵûж
Ҫѧˣǲŵ㵽ſڵġ
ϣˣӴȥڴͷ졣
ҿŹ󣬻ûҵĸ׾ͳ̨һ顣
ҹ˾̨һѷƷѶ˼ţ˼Σܴ󣬶¥ĵƶˡûҵ
ȻҪһͣʱ㣬һ
һС˸ˮ棬ҲϲҼǲ˶á
緹̶һ뵰ʱ򣬲ϻ±ɡ
Ὢ⣬ÿζȥÿζС
ҪҲ˵໰ޣЦֻϴԼ룬ҲԱ˼еĲˡ
˵໰ûò޳ᣬЦˣ̫Цֻ̫ϴԼ룬̫˽ôһˣҪ˼вˣֲûг۾֡
ײ֣飬һ»һһΣһĵ졣
ȥУҪʲô˵ûʲôʲôꡣ
ҾͲ˵ˡ
ʱǻȥ˾˼ңǱߵĶ̫ˣϣһŮҲǡ
һʼǲϲҵġ
Ҳϲ
˵ĸס˾˿ң˵ǸĵĶ
Ҵ꣬˾˵Ķӣǹϵ׽ɼҵҵȢӣһ˫̥ʮϡ
Ҷûʲô뷨ֻҪԽԶԽá
Ϊǵһµġ
Ҳˡ
ҪңÿһΣÿ;һΣÿ;Ρ

ҵȻһҲûгȥΪв
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ҴһѧЭѧУȥ˵˵໰˽ѧУ
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ڼסһʱ䣬ǰ͵µѧУ
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游ĸȥݼ棬ĸȥ£˾˺͸ɩӸظҡ
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δһ˴ƿơ
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δˣϣҶúܣҳԵģΧûпŵĵ̡
ȫЩ˵Ϲͷ⣬ϻдӪҵʱ賿㡣
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ûҵʳҸû˰ְȫĵطһ
վҲࡣ
ҾҵӣΧĵƹ̫ˣûû˵¥ߣڵģûˣȫ
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Ҹվסûãֻˣĸ绰ˡ
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Ҳֻİһİ˽ˡ
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һ˵Сӣٹ£Ҫǲ֣ÿ
ҲǺϲǸȽֵҴŶ㣬ܵߣϤ˵磬㰰ǰСܣôʶˣ겻˵иͬͬǲŸŶþͲ˵㻰һܴʮǼûʮǣ
ҾͰһȺ˶һ٣̫ˣֳᡣ
Ȼ߳ˡ
δ˿һۣƺ˵㻹ʲôʡ
Цҷֿ֮أ
δ˻˻֣ûʲô˵ģ֮ǰҲ˵ˣҪӣҪ׬Ǯ̣׬ǮǮ
ðɡҾʵĲԺʲô𣿡
һڽһںȾƣͣڱ
δһھ˵֮ǰҲ˵ˣǲǺȾƺȶˣԾͲˣ
ЦҲ˵Ǹǡôֱϣûϵûôȥ
δĬĬҲҪôҪôһʱˣǾֻлȥˣҪţԼϲҲˣܲԯޡ
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һŲΪЩ飬ֻȥˣΪź塣
Ӧ֪Ŷԡ
٣ô롣
˵ͷһƿӡ
δҲһվƿӣЦЦ𣿡
㡣
δˣҲñطˣ㻹𣿾Ʋˡ
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δʼ磺ѣʲô˼
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شΪǹʵ÷Ҳǡ
δʣζô㶼
룺Űɡ
δʣɣҲϲƣֵֹģЩ𣬴ϳƣˢҪȣݡ
ЦĺˣҲȣݵġ
϶ƽˡ
δЩ棺ס˼
˵ǲᣬͲһˣҲˣҲǣ
Եδü˿˿ҡҡͷʧЦǰ
δ˺˸ƿӣһ죬̾ȻǣҪǸ࣬Ҳôʱŵز
˵ͷûʮ꣬ҳͻ˽˰ɣ
δˣ񲻴Ǹʱʮꡣ
Ц˵಻Ӧת㻹Լȥܾ
˵۾˿δ˵״̬ʺȻüԣֵֹġ
δ˲Ϊ⣺
룬˵ǹ֣ҪˣǣûѺۣҲû˺ۡ
ֿ˵δһۣҲһ꣬էһϸ⡣
δںЦνˣڻţ𣿡

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δʣʲô취Ҳ˵ˣǿ
ɣеѣң֮ǰǶʱʧˣȻеҲֻܶԼãŲЧﲻæ
ڣҲͼǵôԼɸ鷳ĹҼ˴Щİ취
ԼԲȲ߲ݣٶûˡ
δЩʧ䣬û˵ֻǺľƿһһƿơ
˵Ҳ̫ʧ䣬ܻڣȻǿҲҪȺңҲҳԼҪĶ͵ΪˣǮôҲ϶еģҪ֡
˶٣ŬݣĪģ˻ģģΣչ޵ģʲôеģǹ̷ҪСĽ΢ע˲ʧҿ㣬ǮҲˣ³Ǯаôǡ
һ䡣
δ˵˵ͷ֪ȥûС
˺˴ҹǸߡ
˾ˣһۣû˵ҲûģֻǶԿŵЦЦ֪ʧ״̬׼ڵδ˼ððʧʧɣתߵøɴ䡣
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δ˴һߵķ߳һ⣬վ󣬺һھʡ
һۣЦ֮ǰ˵ҼԲãҲˣҲǸ˵ʧ䣿
δŶһΪǵһʲôġ
תȥȾƣһ죿Ҷǵã㿴һۣ֪ˣ
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δ˺źɵϣƿӷźãҿ񣬲ǿİˣοһӣܵ㵽׼ʱǰ֪ѾǱһṩʳĵ̣һ飿
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δˣǿˣôȥ˯ɳ
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ﵽʳϢѰ·ôҪȥ
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ҿɲЩֻСῴñȱ˺ü־;ҵʳҲԵĵü֣
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Ů꿴㼣˰һԽ̧̧°ͣƺ̫ˡ
Цȥȡ
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㼺ܿͽ˹Ůǰϣá
ŮбһʣⶫĲ裬֪𣿡
΢ЦѩϴȥƤȥˡп顢顢˵õ֭˿˵õ֭֭УС֭Һɫأ뽪֭һۣٴУͣƿܷ⣬ȻͶ˳ˡ
Ů޵ض˶ӣӡ
ŨˮȿɼʳϣȭͷССĴָȵСƿӣһСӣϷֱ·ϸ׸˺ףɫŨƿð壬΢Щƺ滨Ĵ
ͷǳһڣ˳ۣ񵥴ķۣҲûý֭
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㼵˵ͷʵģʵôóأ
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ҵܡֹιۡҿ
һϢ֮䣬תȥһҲû˵ڣ黹ǵøߴһ仰˵ãˡ
˵ʳҲô±֣˻طֹʲôġ
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µĿڲߣ㼵
ĽӲͺͻŵķۺţײţת죬ۺɫˣֵĵɫһɫ̷߹ͺţ⣬̷ۺţŷڳһ
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̷ţ⣬̣˳
˵ǰϺʣȥȥǵְϺʣһӶİףеʵϴŵճĹ̵㵽⣬·һŻǵɵݶѣһӵĸﵾ˳֮꣬͵ش˸£ȼ˻档
һᣬһζֺܻĴ̲˾̽ϵĿζǣ̷֪ڵţϺʶζʳ㹻ʣӿڸҲÿ˸ܵζ
ԼԼζһ˲ϲͲҪ⣬޳ζҲ
Ȳǵ㾦֮ʣҲǲɻȱ

Ҫһ׷Եһ룬ֺＹ
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ĵҺ̣ĵҺڵǧɾζＹ⣬̣һ磬·ʺԽ͵ĺô
һ֭߹תĴ󵰱ＹŹ׵ĺȣױž֬ײһžž
˳ʱ򣬵泯ϣӲӵĻɫЩСԲƵķڣһŵԵֽڣȷʵɢһƮĽ㣬̱ӯӯһ֭ÿһƿһ֭ĻĿڣЦпſˣȴʳá
ʱͻأʴܳͷһգɫһ٣Щ˲ԼҪ׼ʲôعǹͲư϶ΪһԽ⣬ѳö֮ʳͱǼ»ȥȻȻԶȥˣò˴ѡ
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һأҲʳһҵĻᣬҪʳҲҪŬÿһ˿ռ䣬ҪӼԼҧϼ׽׽׽
ʳ֮ãߣɷ˵ıرܣ
ɷˣɷ꣬Ҫ裡ɱԽŻɽӼҸҲ赲ɷ
ãɲҪԳ~
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˵ţ⣬ǰţٲԣţ⣬ھˣţⱾͺóԣֲˣԽԸ
Ŵͣˬڵһҧȥ·ϾܱһȻǿЦ
ʳôù˿ͱʳأǻҪҪȥˣ
˶ԡŨĲ֭ǽ֭ɫͷβǹȥûһ©֮㡣
֭һ㣬Ũ񣬲˸оᣬҲǳΪҵķһ͸ˡ
ϸһƹµ֭ʵЩƵģһֺƯĻɫܹ󲿷ֿ˶Ĳ棬˲ˮʣЩԿŲ۷⣬·λεĵݡ
ɫϵúܺãţҲϵúܺãΪһ壬ܽ˲ʳĻ϶ɡ
ٽŹϸʳ΢΢⣬Щ׵֭ҺʣƻǻƾǾ
ܿĽṹעԣ֭·֮ʰΰ֮͵͵ļҵƯ·һʱ˷ֲ徿ʲô֣ˣʱǰ֣ʱָᣬȻԡ
һҧȥ֭ĳһ޴ľϲ̵΢飬ֻ㱾Щ⣬Ƶָоɵѹȥҧ˵ڶڣôˣһſڣܿԼǰɳȥİӵĻƮƮˡ
ʳô˸õġ
ּһţ⣬ŴմЩζһ֭·һõС󸾣Щ˼ˣԲעÿӼнȥź˿̫ĵɣһһ̣ס֭δδӷ϶ﻬк׷ķ϶
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ձϵһͷţ뵽ݡڰװ߿顢졢ơɽϪպҰԭţ̻һĸо
һӣװණҡͱ߲⣬˼ᡣ
׷ЩӲˣ֭ãÿһ׶һζƶ֭ͬŲӵǣͷͷ֣Ħ࣬ʶҪ̫ˡ
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Ϊ˱֣һλ˿ԳΪһһλǶ
ڶλ˽Ŷ㼵Ҫһţ̱
һƷ
ϴƬƤ͸뿾䣬۽ԹƯ
ˮӣˮСմһҹˮˮں󵹳ˮ̳ˮ뿾䣬ȴ
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ͬʳΪɷ׼ϣţɳƽ󷽷ôƬϷŲ֥ʿǰһӣ֥ʿˮӣȻǳɿƬ
ɫƣɫɫϣõһƯ΢΢ȺɫĴӣԼһȭͷñƵҶſˡ
ÿܳԵķҶɫȶɳɫȴɫǳȳɫڣɫȻһ΢ڵĳȺɫƫЩҶƬ޳ֳɼǣ
ĸӡǵСһʳָǳɫǳɸɴ࣬Щ⡣
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Ӳ࣬һǳĻɫĹ⣬ºͰ̱ߡ
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ϸıɳҲڱһ㣬·ѩΨܰ
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ѵţ˼壬һˮС嵰ư׷ԲϲͨᱻΪɰϷΪװԿʳð嵰ΧһȦķţƬƬһƬһƬģðƵ㣬ζУûͺ㣬öӹС
һ̰ĵ¾׷˳ǣѵţһֶصķζ·Ѿǰˡ
һ룬ԵĲʳûȥĺõط
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ҲһŵĻƣ۰ףм䡣
ΧһȦ⣬óװôŹһƬ̣¶ζðɫ˷ֲǺ̡
ɱȥԳɫƺڣƺ͵͵죬ɫһ𣬾˵һ۸еɫ
ζϸݵ·ڳϣ·ʺȺˣַ·صĻ档
ÿһֶʱĳÿһ޶ǲŹľϵظ
͸ĳѾסŹǵ͹ǣУڷ¾ܷ紵ɹʼ˼ͱò̫һҲ룬ΪʲôڻߣҾҪʲôʱȥ
սݵ߾ЦڣЦΪʲôأΪʲô̫Ϊʲô֮Ҫʲôζϲ
̫Ʋת˸ͷȻ˽ͷ˹ůȻ٣ϻŽβͣŽţȹ̨ߴȥһıӰ
ֽȥƱãɫԶǳǳҲѧŷӣβͣͷŤתӣˣ
Ǻûκεģǹܲ˱ģͽһȱֲɫĳɫ
Ӻܸߵĵط¿Ŀů֮ҲǣǿԿƵϷ¥õƽɫĲ¥½̵ĲƺϮ˵ʻҰޣǳǳһ̦
ÿһĿⶼͣɹģҪֺ̲ס뽫Լⶼƿ˵ϵ϶OO@@ѧ׿ȥأů֪ͣƵĳΪڵĳζ
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ˮӺܸߵĵطִһһӽĴͲߣһһ㣬Сػȥ˳ÿڵһ䲻ЦͯʱڵЦϲĶ硣
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ЦĪЩպ
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ˣķܱˣԼ۱ȳߵģңСҲܺÿһʩ豸Ҳöˣָ֪о
ǺȪˮأÿֵģůʣЩ˵ģ˵ˣҲǸζˣ㲻ûᣬÿϧ
֮ǰ˵˺öΣһΪҪһ˭֪㻹ҸӣߺߣжֻӶɣҲ㣬óԵĶҵģҮ
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һǺƽƽƤӣʵϣһ;ҵ϶ֵÿӣԶԱĵ뷨ǻ
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·Ͽδ˵ʱ򣬶ԷѾеֵˡ
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ʮ꣬ǲϣûɣı˼񣬷ǸųѧУ꣬ճȸϰ˰ߴߴȻԼĳ򣬵ҪɵʱҲعյĻʱĬƽȡ
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ÿÿʱͻܵĴۣ㲻ӣȴᣬأȸ׷һͷͻԲעͿܽȫɡ
һ·ϣֻҪǰߣΪ֪ʲôʱߵͷԣߵúܿ죬ܼܽţһʱضĹң֪ʲôʱϿûҪ·һҲάƽͰȫոһվôȥ
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СһŹ׼СӻԷ˶Ǿʧģ
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107
Ժſڵϣﰵ룺Һõùò֧׼ҵĻħİɣҺʹ
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ۿžҪ˯ȥˣͻȻһʹʱѹһС
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罥˯óˡ
룺Ҳûʲô취ˣôɡ
ֱ֧ӱ˴˿ǳģô㲻ˮַ
΢ʹֻ¶ѽܡ
һһȲѣҲ̫ʹ

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ȶ罥ʶѹʱĶ
С㣺ûôûأ
򣺡ûϵģҶôΣİɣûء
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ԴС¶һЦ
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׼СӻһɫЦû˵Ļ
˵תߣٶȷɿ죬һͲˡ
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˵ţСĿڶĺüͷһ壬˭ղŴˣǲǸ׼ҵСӣ
СҧгݣһӾվڣյȻ޷죬ǰ˵ôţԲ飡ǲ
绹ûü˵㱻һǺȥ
СŭҪҳȥˣֿԣԱϵûɫĶıȳˣιʲôأɱǲǣ
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108
СɫԶЦҰկͷһϴ󣬱˶Ļʹ
ҰկڶկͷҲͱСһ㣬һƽʱת䣬Ҳǣǰӡ
˵˶٣ֹסͷԶЦЦ
Сƽʱʲôˣݣü
˵ڹˣҲûصˣѵôͷһμİ˵
СԼ̫ӦȻ˵֪ѾߺͼզզʱĶˡ
ǰôˣСߵʱҲû˵ֻǶԶҪ鷳ңұ֤۸㣬ôҲˣ°
˵ͷԴСЦ֪ˣлС㡣Сߡ
Ŵ˵ƣϢ
ֻ˯á
˻ʹŵģȱˣֱֱӰˣûã׼СӴһͨ˾ˣһûá
̾һҹû˯ţ̾һڿ
ü룺֪Ƕˣ
֮ͬǰҴææ뿪ˣҲֱӾˣ͵͵ԭûֿһһŮ˺ˣżŲ֪ôźá
һ˵пˡ
һ˵ԳԳԣ֪ԣˣ㻹ֻųԣ
˵ôأҪȥҲ֪ȥˡ
˵Ǽ֮ǰҲиһһŮȥߵģǸʱǰͷ˶û˸ţ˱Ŷһţͷ˶úܣŸߴ͸ڣ˫۾ڿţһʱҲȥ
鷳úܡ
ô죿
ô죿
֮ǰԼǺΪŴϢ
ɣȥװǣկﺰǺҪˣ϶ģҪûҲǳˣİ취
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Լ֮󣬹Ȼھȥˣ˸طկ治ԶĸɽϣΧһƬӣҡҡλΣҶƬɷɣҹżһǶ󾱲ߺûӦȤˡ
óʮ˷ܣ˺ţʹӸˮԴͲݴз˳ȥżĶͬһͨҧ
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С㿴˿ƺԥ֣ͻȻ׵ı飬ЦŶ֪ˣǺûϵУҲҲƤ£Ҿ˯ûУȻЩƽʱġҲ֪ôˡ
СԶЦЦ
Ѿñ״̬ˣҲԴСЦЦ
С㿴ʣ㻹ǺҪһߣ
Ӧúܿ죬˵ͷЦð
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С㽫˿̫ʲôԼ˵կţصôɣһͷţòã
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ЦӺܺÿССľѣһЦͺ񣬺رˡ
ԴСЦЦллС㡣
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˵Ϊʲôûأ
ĸ˴ҹɤӶЩˣüѹѹ˵Ҳ˵òᣬϾ˿ڵλþͿ쵽ƨˣߵһҲٵһȰɡ
ءءء
СüͷԶ˵ˣе㳳
ЦŸһ䡣
Сİܺ׼СӹϵҲǺúܷ
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һʬɵڵϣǸղŷǺǸǹɳӵɲɣüڡ

109
ϥµȭͷ߬øˣҧҧۿʪС㻹ûߣһӵߣһ
㲻𣿡
Сʡ
ҡҡͷԴСЦЦ˵ҡǸˡ
Ѹٻᡣ
촽ЩҪЦҸˣ׵һͷţ
С˻֣Ϊҵʲô˵£ģ˵һͷţͷţҶ㣬ⲻǱˣ·ţһͷţҲЩͲôʹŻҪˡ
ԶЦЦ
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С㲻ԣ̽ʣ֮ǰǲجˣ
ҡҡͷ
Сʣ˿ڻǺʹ
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С㿴ǺѾͣˣҪ߶˵Ϣˡ
ͷ
С뿪ʱ˳ְš
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ûȶ˵Сü˵֣۾ôˣ
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СԶЦЦ
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Сˡ
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ҧҧǴС͵ģȥ
۾ѸٺˣҹǹͻȻֹסǺ
ǺݸϢ
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ֻúԼҪһֻ۾׼СӴҡڵıӰ

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˴ðϰϰϵĽлźһߡ
׼С֣һӸ¿һſڵһʱĶ磬ŲӣǣŴͷţ߳կӻص˴ӡ
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ԼŴ̾һ
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·Цûʲô
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Сˣ˵ͷ˳ЦҸ㽲µЩף룬㳢ʣӵ׿ټءи
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ǴСȷֵģչˣȥҽڶ紲Źһϡ

110
׼Сǣţؼȥˣ֪Ǹˣǵġ
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Ҳ֪һʰ˵鷳Լ¡
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״󻧻һ׷ô᲻֪СӵƢ
һپҪܳȥܹԹԴڼ
׷˶״̾һһۣʲôˡ
Ƶģòϴһֲض˵
ڶӻˣǿʼʡǲϱҪôһ㲻̵ŮȻӣôûһǺõأۿţСһҲҪ˵ġ


޶ԶԼͬ̾һ
׼Сǣţ˸߲ҵػˣﶼڣŷ˻֡
ôˣôƵģզզģ˵ҲҪǵȵԺ󣬵ﶼˣԼôأڣҪȥˣҲôԿ˶𣿡
׷һ̾ģô໰˵Ҳ˵Ƶġ
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СֱðĸоŭҲˣ
үҡҡͷûУҲңôְ㣿˵ĶǶԵģǣǻаͰû˵ʲôҾͲˣأկ㲻˵һʵڲ̫áң״ҲϾǰľˡ
Сŭϵվö˶㲻ᣬһ˺ʲô磿ģ
үԴСЦЦº͵ӣ˵ͷʾʾ˵ͷش˵ûĸǴСûĸףҵĸףӦĻ²а
㣬״ȻЩϾǰľˣҲȫկӵľˣҽءӦû
Ǵ磬״״磬ܷ壬һѪһ飬һ壬һǵ壬㣬ӦñҸǡ
ɽϳ뷹ܲҴǰ״磬ڻǺ״磬˳ƺȲҪƲϵƵġ
ˣֶһ磬ûʲôãҺܸˡǲô״ģȻˡ
ȻûˬֱҲҴţʲô˵ʲôӻһĹ
ֵˣǰ粻ڣŻҲ׽ȻףȴЩԶ״翸ΣȻֵúһġ
ﶼǵô磬ֲԶôͲˣ
˵ģǲǣ㣿
׼СӸմȳ˵磬ڶԷ˿ڴ˼ΣӷҪղӣţֲ̫ǿз˿ڻʹ֮ǰҲùˣҪóòֻſڵϣһǿ
С㱻ôһͨ˵꣬ѾûʲôˣүԴү˵СӣС˵ôҲʼ䣬Ҫô࣬Ҳֵ֪֮飬ҲˣǿŹǸ׼ҵСӣպ֪ʲôҪĵطҲٲǣǼסˡ
˵꣬СҪߣŲ˶٣űϻûֵ׼СһŹȥֻ˻ӱӣ͵һ£žһ׼Сӵ·ֻ˸ӣƲƲ죬Щź鸡ϡ
׼СӾ͵ش˸𾪵ص۾С㣬һʱû˵
СſڵϻЩĶ磬ˣؼȥ
ҧӵڴСˡ
ûͷ
׼СҲӵ·һ־²Ծ۾Ǳ߹ȥĶ磬˵ʲôû˵Զүʾ⣬ָָſڣüЦЦһ
ү·޻˵ҡҡͷ
һԶүС͵Ӵˣɱң֪
үһۣҡҡͷ
Ļ˵žǣôǳԲǴأ
үվڱϣЦˣԶүЦȻǸˣҲȥˡ
ү˵ͷԴүЦټ
үѾԶȥˡ
صʱͣ١
һʣ㶼֪ˣôѡɣ
Ǹջʣ룬ɱ˭ߣΪ˭
һʱû˵
ѭѭյկС㱩ŭүʳ׼С̰缵ʣҽ裬կαͬܣ״󻧽޷׷ˡ
ζףһʱ䣬㹻˼ռʴѯʵѵ㲻ɱ𣿡
˵Ҳա
ЦҵȻɱǣɱǸ׼Сӡ
˶٣ǸȲʣɱ˭ɱ˭ɱҾͰɱߣȥɱòã
ضҽ㡪ܵ߼ǿٶȣèƶķӦɱࡣ
㲻Զ֣һ԰æҿȫˣҿõҪĽһԡ
˵ͣ̾һ۾ǣͻȻˣɱ㣬𣿡
ܾûлػ
ЦӣܵöЦһЦҶɱûȤɱҲûС
Ϊ̸۵࣬еģһʱŽ˵޹أҲܡ
ǻֻǶңɱˣҪĸһʱ䡣һ뵽Ŀܣܡ
ǲãȻзѵҺθɣ
Ҳַ顣ƽ׸Լһծ˵ʲôʱǴ
İ
ǱͲڣȻҲԴһʼ;ܾĿע
ҲǺˣĴҲɱҾҪ֡ƾʲô
Ҳ˰ڲͬҲԱ˵֮֮
ǣǲŻ˶ãҪɱҪ֡
ֻɱһǻиţ
ʵڲù
һӴһϢ֣֮ǴϢ
Ҳţֻࡣ
Ҳ۲ΪѵӶ𣿡
˵úЩˡ
˶٣βһ죬ԼΪҡֻҪȴ֮š
ܾûг֡
һ꣬ٴλӦǺáͨ˻þ뿪ɡ
֪ڻ⣬Ž࿪ʼӿ·һĵˣʼͼŻ¡
ŻŻޣ
Ž˳֮ǰλϡ
һĶûϡ
Ǹҧסһֵֻˮ򶼺úõذڷϡ
۾
Χˡ
ָԼһŵӣ档
۶ЦЦǵ۾롣
ձ˵Ȼıֲ⣬ֺǵе״̬Щ룬㻹ȷѡ񣬽̻Ỷӭ㡣
ֶ֣ܽ˶ţƺܻ֣ҽԼӭļ룬ԺˣڣһСѣ⣬лᣬһ棬ٴμң벻Ҫ̫ȡ
˵ͷ
ڻþһʱ䣬ž̵ܲʱɡ
˵룬Ȼѡ˽飬̣ڣȥ𣿡
գգۣ΢ЦҵѴŻҡ

115
ڣδһʰһϢûʲô˰ɣ
˵ͷһ߿ӣһ߸δ˶϶һ˵ĳ˵ι꣬δһ֪˭˭
˵ˣɳǰϣһͰɫڶƵĵӰԺζͱ׻ֽ˻ΣĿǻһ죬ִɿڣΧĹߺǰĻ˸ıɫʣǳзΧˡ
ִ࣬žȵɫһҧȥܽӵһѵըƤĵɫڶϴƿڴȿֺ̽ͷûüһȫһϿǻʶȵ̣΢ƺǿɳ
һֱôһƷܽıΰ棬·һڱͷϵĹӣֻƷȫܺͷȽӲȣԲܽܺ±ȽӲһġ
ϻһ̵ͮͮͣɫ֥ϸĺںĿڸУǻҧϼʵУÿһڶǷ·ӵĴ
صΣļںǣ׷СʳҲܼϱر֡
һִֻװŪЩʳȻһһ͵ԼĿǻʳܡθȥһѵڲС
δ˽ģ֪ЩңƮƮŵ档
߹һߣһ۵ʣ̣̣
ʧЦȻأҸϢҴһܣҳҵǵΧۺȰ룿㵱Ǹ¼
δˣҲˣ

δˣμӿ飬Ҳˣ

һ˶ڻþһ꣬Ҳʲô

ģ

ţΪʲô

ΪʲộΪʲôӦһ֪񣿡
֪ģǽˣȻ̫½ڵӡ
ꡪڴͣץסһѱ׻ݸδˣδҡҡͷջ֣׻Լ׽֮ǰδķһģһ
δεЦЦôǣ
ü֣ǵˣ
Ǿǲˡ
δ֣ȻΣôô
ֻ֣úǳƤǴܳܣֲڶ߶߶뿴ϢǹһңԼѵúܡ
δȻŶô˵Ᵽֲѵ״̬Դˣ
Ҫش־е壬˶Ӧ
δ˶֣Цô˵ǹⲻѶԸˣ
һ˳ǣͼɻأһܽڵδ˵ӣֻ۾ҡҡͷ·˵ʲô֪ʲôҪʣְ취ϣþС
δ˿˿ܽǻҲ׽ˣȻѾ̣Ҳûʲô˵ģܲսȥ˳ǣôɽȥˣȥҲ̫ף٣һʱ䣬㶼ٳԶˡ
˼ס
һʱߣ˵ô鷳
ôֱˣǽ˲˵ˣδز
ҲܲҲδˡ
ôһ󣬵ʱߣⲻ̫
˵ͷ
δ׽ܽ
ĿŹ档
δʣҲڼ𣿡
˵ͷ
δ˵ҪģԿ飬֮ҷš
˵ͷ
δһ£㿴ʱ˯
ͷ
δ˾߿ˡ
ûעȥ
գŴڶˣ͹ڵĵƣֹ˵ӣһӺ󱳶Ƿ̵ģ֣תɳϣ㳶һ̺Ӹϣ۾˯˹ȥ
һδ˺ڣɳ۾ûﻹбˣûбЬһȦδ˵ĵطȥ˷顣
ǲһ磬ĹֽŻһ²ӣȥô飬һ£ֱڴǱߣҺûʲô˳Ĵһ㣬͸ûʲôˣС̽ͷ
δ˲ܿ·ϡ
Ŵվֱˣȥ顣
ʲô鶼С
˵ͯڲԱߣάֲ־һһС˵汾һ㣬Զű࡭
ŸȤĿ˿
ٷʱѾˡ
δ˻ûл
ͻȻЦһ
ڹӱϷ˷
ͷһۼƵĵδеš
δرĶ˺Ȥݷ֮ǰϢҵϵӡһޡ
ţһռǱʵԲǵδдļƷ
ʮʮգ硣ҷһܡ
ʮաһܻˡ
ʮաǸõطûܹ
ʮաж졣
ʮաҼ֮Ǳ¡
ʮһա˵а취룬
ʮաҾȻɹˣǲ˼顣
ʮաѾоˣҿԵġ
ʮաİɡ½ңһɡ
ʮաҺÿģҵġߡ
ʮաһɹģ͡
ʮաҲҲңʤʤ
ʮˡ̫ˣ̰𣿲
ʮšǶΪǺã
ʮ鷳ˡ

ʮһաа취ģһа취ģ϶
աûɹȻҲûɹ鷳
աͷʲôǾͷУ
աð취
աҺ񡭡
աɹˣ
աҿˣֻ
աãʣô죿
ա֪ˣа취ģֻҪ
ʮաɱ⡣
ʮһһС
ʮˣ͸ɣϣúô
ʮҸ
ʮģټ
ռǱϻбĶ
һһѵⱦ
ӵ鱦Ʒ
δ˻ͦǮ
˿Żȥһһԭλ֪⿴һͷ
֣ЦЦֻصɳ˯ȥˡ
δ˻ʱ򣬴ĵ㡣
˯úˣδ˾ߵʱͻȻˡ
ɳۣδˣ䲻ʣˣ
δ˵˵ͷ
ЦԹˣ
δˣ
Ϣ
δ飺
ô
δ˿ҲǺ
ͷãǾͱ˯ˣǣһмʡ
δ̾
ջùܣ
δ˹ԹԻش𣺡Ѱ˼ڵûʲô

116
գδðװ˸ư׷ļ嵰˿˿͹⣬һͨͨ棬һţ飬Ƭ̵̰ĲҶӹϺֺͣÿ
ߣ۾ʳ
δ˽ʳǰСһʣ㳢
һΣһ㡭
һ۵δˣЦ㲻
δһƵЦЦ
ƾһմźͣһڣƵʣǵطģ
δ˵ͷ
Щ˲ǣ
δ˵ͷ
Ҳ죿
δ˵ͷ
𣿡
δҡͷ
㲻ǽ񣿡
δҡͷ
Ц˹һֳһڣ׽˵ðɡ
¾ȥˡ
δʯͷ䡣
һ棬˵δˡ
δʰ棬ùĲ;ȥ˳
СڳſڱϣĹббɹϡ
δתһЦͷôڻˣ
δ˻عЦȻûС
˵ţӿʼӣƵظôأ
¡
ó
üʣһǲʳģ֮ǰǲûи㣿
δһ٣ЦȷʵûС
˵ͷŶڸˡ
δ˵ͷҼסˡ
ֲ˵Ҫ㣬ҲŲԡ
δ֪˼ͷЦ֪ˣлա
ŶԷһɫӰЦʱ򣬴߻һСѣֿɰģСӵĻ
ڵĳͲ̫ʣöԷزܣȻе㷳ꡣ
ڲ߿ŵδˣ۾ʣҵʲôأ
δһüȻѡΪʲô
س˳ЦŶԭѰ
Ҳ֪Լ˵ʲôˡ
δ˿鲻ãû˵
ȵδϴ֣ƺ׼ˣ˸򣬻δʣңʱǻܵ𣿡
δ˻Ьʼ磬ЦԸģֻ㡣
˵ţתȥˣûʲô
Źˡ
ǽеġ
ɴ﷭һ顣
˵ֻѣҲֵͷ֪֪֮ףʱ㣬Ǻһ֣ڵǰһ֣˵ǰһֶϡ
ôأһ룬е
̾
塪塪
绰
ǣʽ
ѭңҵˣͨ
һͷǸ˭ɤӣ˵Ǻ
ҵˣҪ𣿡
ɡ
ش
Է˶٣Ӧǡ
绰ܿ͹Ҷˡ
Ͳ绰ԭźã˵ȡ
鱨ȥֻűͨˡ
ι
ãһҪ
֪ˣַʱ䣬

š
һСӱƣһһˣжӺʹӣʱӴ
ǶӳһţǶšš
Ҫȥ񣬾Ѱһľܹ
ڸϢһУڽߵ㽫ٰһᡣ
ǽҪμᣬȷϻǷҪĶ
УȥûУϢȥټѰҡ
ӳͨͨºͲһûƢ·ˡ
һеˣ۾Щ⣬·ʱڼ·ߺ
ŷ˴ԼһɫȹŰף°߲ߵĴָЬ
ϹһЩϾɵͨڶԷĲԵùء
߶ųƵĶֺ񲻹
ɫͿ˶ɳ죬˵ӦʣʵϣгԷٹǿ
ϴŰشŰɫӵ磬ɫǰ˵Ϻòá
ȹϰǳ䣬°ԺصﶬʽƺƺĲ״̬
ϵһ޺÷ڵϸӣڱҲǸᣬǰСЩ
˵ͷ
ӳһ֣߰ɡ
ŶԱȥ˿в˵ᡣ
ʱȻ죬黹ûʼſмƱӭԱ
濴ã߽˲ֵܷƻԻͣƫƫ·˶֡
߽ȥˣһ
ڣƹһµ˵ĳ̶ȣ֮ǰ⿴ĸҲһ
·ϣΧЩڣҶŹȣҪôīҪôΡ
ӳ⽻ӹСӼһΧȻΪ̸ĳ¡
߽СԱ뷿֮ڵȴʱš
ʽʼ
ĸ̨ˡ
ɫĻȻһɫĲһɫıƵĲ
ƹʣС
һģľż˳ڿŴδ֪ĵط
ӭ
ľżʮֶϷؽһֻ̯ľͷԲӣһ¡
ȻĴˡ
ľżɤƺǸͯûȻЩСǴǱߴҲס
ĵһƷ~
ľżβûĴӣԷߴ
ɫĲһ㣬Ʒ״̬ͶӰ
ľż֫嶯ţ㵸ضߺϺõʯҶ֪ʲôɣԲעͻᡭ
ľżੲݵؽУľͷģڴѾĭˡ
ԶȤ˯
ӳһ䣬ھһźͶš
ӳַӦȻҲ˵ʲô
˳Ȼˡ
ȵһƷף΢۾
ӳš
͸ߡ
ǳһΣûʲôҪҲҪĸ
ţǰ˺Ȼƿţ͸ǿҵĹ⣬۾
ӳͷȥˡ
ȻǸ֮ɸǮ֯ľۻᡣ
ʳķʢ̶ȣ᣿
˭Ҳû˵һ֡
žͽȥˣϡͿ
û㲻תת˲ٺöǾЩζֵֹġ
žƱȥԵĶ߾һ˵ĻоԼʲô
ʱһͷһ֧ʣʦͷɿعȥˡ
ʲôҲûסʲôҲûƵġ
žȫάס״ֱ̬
ӳߵʱᳵ·˹ȥ
ӳûзûϣĬ϶Էͬˡ
Ա˳·ȫʶһ·ھͷֵˡ
Ųһ٣룬תͷȥһϴҡ
ʱҹ΢տյһ˶ûеĹط
˳ſһ·ȻڱϺš
ȥԱͷʾ⣬¼ϣ˳
һȫĵطӳͣ˳˸š
ĸڰȫİ칫һ˼ҳֽ̯д񱨸档
еס

117
ڽ⣬ӳϺȻ˵εεε
ӳʼһͣ·һһͨѶһ۶ߵλ˵ˡ
һ̧̧ͷʾˣϸƵһһֽϡ
֪Ϊʲôдô໹едһɴֽˮƵдԼϳʲô
ӳͨѶ˵쿪ʼڶ컹Ҫϡ
ҪҵһʮʯͷǿʯͷѾһ࣬Ŀǰƶ״̬ŽҲͣҵʯͷֻ֮Ҫʯͷо͵٣ɡ
ܾ͵٣ʯͷôȥΪϽ
˭ʲôʵģ
ӳһ֣ʸǺϣһҲͬʱ̧ͷ
ģ˿ӣ˸βҲ±ʿӳ
ӳĿһ䣬ûʲô⣬˵ͷ˵Ϲء
һžͽֽ˹ȥ編ơ
ӳ˿ּ˳ǣ˻֣߰ɡ
Ƚӳú¡м仰Ҫ˵
ȥеһѧڿñʦߵļӸѹȡ
ӳֽպãüûʲôҪʵģ
⻰Ҳ죬ѧе칫ҵİϲ˵Ļ
仹ĳЩΪѧ϶⵫ǲ˵ʦ
ü
ӳһº͵ģǵһβμ񣬲֪оôҲ˵ȫдڱҲԣҲϣһѯʲôΪӳЩ˵
Ϊ˱ִ֮ܳᣬҪǰ֪һЩ
ÿ֮󣬶ԱҪд棬նڵ䣬ЩӾͲҪÿдֻҪһÿζдȫ˵ıͿԣЩ΢ȫ¼¼⼸ҲԡǶӾԼдԼģûʲôҪҲûʲôΣա
ȶ˵ǻǺܰȫɵġ
񱨸ֽҲǵĵݣһֺпʧ߳⣬ڲ̫ܱ֤Ϣȫ£ǶĬֽʡ
ɶӳշ䣬ԱֻҪ浽
бȶӳһָӣԽô˵ô
ֻж
ͨ˵񱳺ԭҲסԼĺģҪʡ
ڻ۵һʸ֮ҲѡתڲԺ󲻱εĹ
򣬵ȼǣ񡢡̡̡̳
Ǹ򵥣ǣԱСӡжӡӡ
ѡҲֹתڲķ飬롣
ֵԱŸǲһʱòϣҾͲϸ˵ˡ
ɫҲˣҾ˵´ʲô֪ģңˣٸ㣬Ҳûؼˣ߰ɣȥ
ӳѾ·ˡ
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ӳȷź˱棬ٴ뿪·ڷֱ
߿
صδ˻ûɳ˯ˡ
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ӳƺЩ˯ĶԱ˵Ѿ˵ˣϣǻǵãھ͸ʮʱ򣬷ͷжɢģҵ֪ͨԱϢռСȺ̳롣
ӳ㾫ֳˡ
һ۾°ͣĴ˸ǷƺȤ
һ·˵ģһ˫ƽЬ
һ̣ƣʱ÷
ǲ̲ȫױŸͨķװβף˶˶Ь
ӳԱַСһĶ߹һ飬һŸˣŪ£׹һ¿ľϢǰȫΣգǵ߼ϡ
˸Էֿ
ʮ·ϣΧΰһ㣬ССŻڵĻ죬ҵվŹĶййĶеǮҪôС㣬ҪôүҪôǹûĥʱ䡣
ƶƽ͸μˮˮ
֪ԽԽƫΧ˽ˣµķҲࡣ

ѽѽ׷ѽ~
ŮŮСһţ֪׽Բػӥ׽С
Цᣬˡ
ֹסŲ
ǱߵСУתͷȥûпҪ档
һȴ¶㷲飬üһ飬ҡͷ֡
ûһᣬǸС͵ˣһȺСΧһֺġ
룬Ǹ뿪󲿶ӵСһ·
ΪʲôҪң
Сûסתҿ˿ܽš
òײſǰ־ֻңܡ
ԽԽֻøܣСȫȲݴͣССӶһ·Ͳˣֳֻϥǣ죬üͷ¶ɫ
˵ˡ
һһ߹ȥ
ѹȸкøǿˡ
˳ǿŶӳַĿӣ˼Ρ
Сǿſӣɫһ±ˣղŻ׼𷴻ͼ֪ѶʲôģһӣҲˣҲˣתܣżӣ
е㻳Լǲˡ
Сûܵ
Ӱθһ·
ԷܲˣתߺҶģ󺰵˷ˣ
Χ΢ͻȻȥһƬž
û
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ƺ
΢ֵĵط˵ôһɤӣΧ˶ɢ
ڸҪĵط̳ЩȺֶֹܼȫˡ
ֵطȻûñ˾ĵ
Է̫
Աûеˡ
Էһڵϡ
һѪӶԷһᣬ·ɳһʯͷ
Ȼû
ʯͷٷɣĶѾϹˡ
ӳøʰо֣Ķһûʯͷ˵ĵ
ӳòƵĶһѽʯͷڰսӣװһڴӣУʯͷϢĲˡ
˱ԭ·أд棬ؼҡ
λȥȽ磬Ϊ϶ûˣһſδ˾Ȼɳϻе㻳Լ۾ǲǳ˻þ
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֢ĸˡ
뵽벻֪εξҪôƿȥһʱǰʡ
δֵʣʹôʲô
û˵Ҳûһۡ
δ˾ûʡ
ڳվ˼ʱɫվſڴߺ͹֮俴ȺʿǻĺǹƺҪǷӵȺϳг֮ڣһθϵǸĿ󶴡
͵δ˱ֵһ
˴ȥˣ붴ڣһжܿΧͷ·ŨīȾֽţԽԽڣ֪ǲǿˣϵǽڻĢѨһֱԶſ־ĺڰζĸоĪ뵽еܹͷ
ͷһһʿǳѸ˹һߣ֣··ҿء
û㿪ܶ㿪Ҳܶ㣬δֱ۰һ
ʹʹģ㱻Էߵ˵ϣδס
δ˰סվȼǰµȥȴȷܵ˸ղűߵλúܿ촫һ಻ϵʹ˾Ǻˡ
ô˼졣
û˵ԽԽˣþһ־
ۿҲʣ¼ˡ
̬Ƿŵúܿ
ͽۿžҪȥˣɲø
δ˱΢һ㣬ôνͲ֪ô˵Լνˡ
̬ȣô࣬վһԳ
֪·ʲôҲû͵͵˿󶴡
δҲȥˡ
տʼû֣ˣ˾һߣţͻȻͷֶԷˡ
ڲʻһ¡¡С˳վ·ߣųӹӳȥġ
Ȼգգ۾Ϳվڶ棬ǽڵĵδˡ
ͬʱֶԷգգ۾˸кʾҿˡ
ûԽмߣʱĸճȥĳӻתվмʱ򣬲سһײɣԣ岻ԡ
׼ôֿտյĻȥȻҲ׼ֿտյ
һ·δ˻ڶ棬Ѿˣȥˣ֮ûٿδ˵ӰӣҲûǱ߿տҲֻʱһǰΡľأͻˡ
֪˶ãһʬǡ
վʬǰãͨһڵϣҲʬǶһ
۾˺һӣû
֪澿ûС
˯ȥ
ˡ
ڵδ˼ɳϡ
δƺڡ
ɳһᡣ
ʱ򣬵δ˾ʹˡ
Կ׿ƿһ˸кˣ
˵ͷ
δ˳ָ˵ӻһһʣô
ЦЦܺá
ֻЦݹֵֹģûʲô˵˼ҲеƤЦⲻЦ
δ˲ԡ
һ¶Եδ˹ĵʣʱ䣬û˰ɣ
δգգ۾Цˣں󱳣Ѿˣġ
һ٣̾ЦǺðɡ
תʣҵ𣿡
δ˵㣬ύˣҲ˵ˣ֮ŸһϢġ
˵ͷʣ˯˶ã
δʵش𣺡žҹʮ죿
ЦҪٲѹҾҪȥҽԺˡ
ɫһ䣺ҪȥҽԺûȥ
֪Լȷϻھˡ
δµؿķӦЦȻ
˵ҽ㿴Ҳ֮ǰҽ˵Ӧÿˣ룬㲻ϲЩҽеҾʹҽܲܳһʱ䣬ҽӦˣΣ
ʣ㲻𣿡

138
شҺܸˡ
ЦЦЦݱ֮ǰ϶ˡ
֪ǲġ
δ˿˿ƺڱ˵Ļǲġ
˵ͷЦǿĻˡ
һ۵ӻĿƷڴǰȥ
ʣ𣿡
δ˿ʣѵû²ܻ
֪ôģĪ仰ƷһԹζ
۵ˡ
˿δʣҼǵң
δЦһ󣬻شǰ
Ҽҡ
Ŀˡ
ʲôʱʲôʱ
㡣
Ͷһ飺㲻°ɣ
δƫ˵²¿
ֱ˵Ҳ¡
δЦǰ㶼³ˣʲô
۾˵ȻΪҲ֪Ϣ
δ˿˿۾˵ҪģҪ
˵źȻʣ۾ô£
һۿв
۾⣬ҽ𣿡
δ˴ս˿˿˸绰
Ҷϵ绰ɳϿĲ˵Ҿ۾̫ͷ
ЦҪǶͷҵ۾Ͳ죬ֻᷢˡ
δЦϲɫ۾𣿡
ش
δ˵˵ͷȷʵ˵֪ûʱ䡣
̾У˵
δ˲֪ʲôطһİļԼͷһ´ˣ˷
һۡ
δ˾ͽݸ㿴
ӹװż˵ϡ
δЦ֪֮ǰӵǸҪȥʮѰ˼㷴ȻȥʮָʮȻ෴ĵ棬Ҫ㴦Щ˶ҵԸ񶼻еȱݡ
ҲЩҲ˵ûҲνǡ
ܼ򵥣ǴȥͿˡ㲻£ֻҪžͺá
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ҼǵãǰҼ棬ҵĹȥȤÿԴӲ㣬Щʲôʲôӡ㲻ڸҵѣҾ͸̯ơ
˵Щв㣬֪̫ҪڣǸ㣬ԲңԲվߣҲԲͬҵ뷨Щûϵ
ֻͲ֣û취ͷˣϣ֪Щ֮󣬲Ҫù̬֮ȶԴҡ
һѹ
٣룬ǻԵѣ뵱һμ棬Ƽˮꡣ
иʣδû˵ڣ룬ǡ·֪
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ִ˵˵ģ⡣
δ˺Ȼüüĺܿɢ룺ﲻԡ
ʲôת˲ŵܹȥˡ
û֮ǰʲôȥˡ
δҲᣬЦʹûǴǱɲ룬οһμʱҿɿóͱһˣȻ
ϳ˵ӣ٩ЦôմҲȫǵã·߲죬ϻ·ƣһ·ߵĳϣϳƵôСǲ㣿
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Ĳ˵Ƕܻĺð취
δ˹Ȼûô˵ˣڱƸԼһˮԡ
ĿĿԣδ۾͵ҵץס˰ɡ
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δ˾͸Ҳһˮݹȥһĺ󱳣֪ô£׼ĺĴȥֲʹƵģԼһãϰԱܿĳֶĵλýӽˡ
Чһģδ˴ķӦ񲢲ʲô⡣
ӦҲʲôˡ
δţˮݸɡ
һڣˮǰ׿ˮ
ú֮ǰӹ飬һȥɤӶʼ£۾˶Ѳ١
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δһߣˮһϸɲ̬ʣû°ɣ
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ʪֽ˲ֽ֣˲ʪָֽˮ顣
ʼĵδ˸ϡ
һĸˣŮþ⡣
ŷ·֤һСƬϡ
ǰֺ÷ʱƺΪһĺš
һţޣüǿ󣬿žһӺݻһͻֵƣɢһ֪ķ·ϵŮ·Ƶʵϣ֪˭˭
ﱧһֻëĹͷһֻƫббõۺɫײᣬֻ˵¶ĺ鿴ͷ
һְƱ϶ֵƱ۵Ĺģ
ţУԭ׶Ҫ˾󣬰͸ϴɫͷЩƵɬէһǸѧķװйоأز
֫޳·żƺбɫȳƫɫ񾭳ɹ̫
ϲ˶
ţףվھͷǰ΢΢һЦиԵľѡ
йƺվڽ̨ϣڰݽʦĽɫͺдÿһƤ棬΢ĽУ˲ɵ룬ѵ·ǲǿԿһ档
ֻվ崺ķɸУǴ΢꣬ӻ㣬ϢĽ֪˴ӦһҪ
Ƭ룬֪ҪŻܻ
ĺţĬԣһźʵĸͨƽòһĵˣһõķǣŷžڻˣʱ̫ˣû˿ζΪڴ̫ߣɬĿڸС
ʺڲ漸ûб仯ʳ
˷ǲõģûԼ˷ѵԳ
㿴˿۾ЩʪҺüȲʹҲἱᣬˡ
Ҫ󲻸
δʣ㿴ˣ
ҡҡͷ
δЦҲԣҪȫ֪ˣȥû˼ˡ
ҲЦ˵Ĳ
Ϣһʱ䡣
Եδ˵
δ˵˵ͷðʲôʱ棬㿴Ӿˡ
ʣʲôʱ򶼿𣿡
δ˵ͷǰ㡣ֻҲҪڼȥ
֪׼ˣȸ˵һ㰲š
δЦ㵹ǻռˡ
۾ɵɳĻشǰҪǿһе㽻ķϣҶôЩ顣ˡ˵ˣŰѱݵϣҪǲ֣ǶԲס㡣

139
ߵߵߵ
Ҫʱ䣬ȥѧϰ¶࿴һҳдһ֣Ҳ϶ҵƵػֻǼ仰õö࣬ҵĹǱǳԵúãúãסúãúãúãôˣ
Լû£̲ãûϢ׬ǮѵңûǮʲô£ΪʲôҪ㣿ԼǮҼҵĹöûУʵ۾ˣôϳأ
ǾǸҵҶҪҼҹֵôõôˣ
ԼûǮͳ𸻣ԼòǮ˼ҵĹñǺãԼ˼Ϊʲô
ΪûãûϲûҪ·ö¿̵࣡
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ҪǼңҾȥ߿ɶǣء
Ϊǧ˾͵ſˣʲô֪ӣﶪˡ趼ǻؼҳԷ˰ɣ
ǲǶˣԲסӾϹˣгɾ͸
ٶˡ
֨
ջظղŵ֣пƼеĺشŴڴˣվһŲæĹˣ毺ã£Ӻݻҷʮ㣬ͶЩʢ˵԰ʱǡôṥ̫ǿҲһתͷߵĳ̶ȡ
ſ˿ƺȷûʲôвʾת˻ȥ
Ӱã˴Լഺٵ΢ɬ;Ϊ˸ĳһ·ʱ޿̲ɢ
ֻߡ
ԷϨĵӲƷĻɳϣЦŶ֣
ɳ
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˵ͷ
һЦȻǾͺ˵ˣʹˡ
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סھֻϲߣȥ
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ȻҪǷڹŴǴ¡
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ô
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ҡҡͷվߣҸʱ䡣
һŵЦϲ٣˴ɨ÷ˣȻʱȣҾͲˡ
ڹҵϲ࣬ȫʰ˸Ҳ̫ȫ棬˵һ飬һԣҪвԵĵطָ
ͷ
ǴӶʮһģǻﻹǮסſķӣźÿѣԱһ㶼ԲʳҲԹȥ
һԸĸһ㡣
ĸڹ
ҺÿҶ£ҳɼãƽ⣬ڱǶԷûһá
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Ŭûʲôô
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õƽǵ
μһ·ߵѡõһֻǸ·Ҫ֪ͨȲġ
һ죬ҾһģǺ컨ҾҶ
ԶʶĿԶ䣬ֻǸ䲻ɰĳСѼòˮЬĻҹұȲСѼͻҹСѼѼӣҹﻹŮͰ׸İǶԷ޲뵱ҵĸĸ
һֻɫĹĸ֧֣Ǯæչˡ
Ҽֻסͬһͬˡ
ԵõѪ߲˴䣬רŵӪʦơ
ʮרҵʦ
ѵȮʦʱѧ
һԼĴ¥԰ƺֳ˶
ȥһΣǶңҲǸֻͣվ
㱾ҪԴȥģʱ£ֻڣίҴֻ
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˾˵ó˽ĶҷŽȥˣұŹֻ˱žͿʼҰڵϣʼҸţȥˣ˺þá
ȥͳҽУ·˶ҡÿС͵
Ҿվ⣬ȵԼӳǣӣߣҰɿұŹȥ㻹ûؼңЬʱʣطʱʲôӣⲻ⡣
Ҷ˵ˣǲ̫࣬ȻҵĻشҲûȥ
ҳͣصס߻ȥģС棬һСӣûбˣûд涼ǽС̨ճӣƹ㹻ռ䡣
ǶԷ˵˾ӦԼҹԼ
ҳյĵ죬ҴѧУżٻؼңʰҵĶװһ˻֣ӵӾ͹ǰ
ڿɳǶԷվߵſڣ׼ţûߣ˵㹤̫ˣҪڼϢһʱ䡣
Ҳ棬ûй룬ֳͲˡ
ô꣬ĶˣøĶˣԺһǮҲ
ѧ֮󣬾ͻԼȥסżһٷҲ͹ˡ
Ҳ㿴ˣ֣С⣬߼·͵ˡ
ӽɿ·ּ򵥣͸ĳյһԺҲûҪˣǲ׼ĶҲûʲôҪǲģԼڼ鿴ʲôҪ߳ȥֶڣûպø㡣
ʲôҲû˵ˡʱһ绰ĵʣʲôҪҪԷߣпվͻסһ죬ÿһȥ㶼ڣҿķ䣬һֱ˴ɨ֮ǰһʲôûȫڡ
ǰֻ׹סڷĹѶɸɾŷһߣҲռλá
Ǹʱ򣬽ѾҵгɵŮǿˣ˼Ĳҵˮ࣬˵Ѿ̸ۼޣԷûý⣬ʱˣνſҲЩҽѡ
ߵʱҲûжۡ
ĸϹӣЦ϶Сһžɻֽʧܺӡ
ңֽƵĨƽˣڷ϶ֻζЦᶯһ飬䵭ơ
ֶׯ
ϾڼΪˡ
ңǸ롣
ΪҳһûŴκһƷʡ
ǹϵʵ
ӹɡ
ں֮ǰƲϵ

140
ϦĺһӣӹµµʯˮţĶҲĽЬ̤ĽŲ΢һ֡
һȦͺˣֻᣬҲ鲻ֲ顣
´ƶҰĴ³ֺǵϢʶ
ϲ˵ĶǴһ·һЬӣǹϾɸʣ·һعĿľӸõﳤһСݣҡҷʬȳ˲ŻԶ룬ϵѾȥֻ
˵һֱᡣ
˵ķΧ
ĺӡ
ƺΪƺΪʣϲΪΪʲôʵ˵
ʲôУֺʲôûС
Сʱ򣬸ĸƴŬҪõδ
⻳еĸף겻͵ĸף֮󣬶׼ȥҽԺ֮͡
ʹĽǶ˵̥Ҳǵĺӡ
Ǹʱ򣬻ݲŮ
ҽԺ飬ĸ׵Ϊۣʺ϶̥һҪͻܴܵˣпһӵĺ֢
ʹĸѾǸĸˣҽϸЩ֢Ҳе¡
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̥ҲһǮǶڵʱڼܶʱҪŮδķ˵Ӧʡһһʡ
Ҫǳ̥⣬ǻȥ׬ǮиʱԼ飬ҽԺδһʱǰеƣ
Ӧô죿
ҽ˵úˡ
޾͸ı⡣
˲߻ؼȥ
ⱾһڴĴڡ
һӦôڵ⡣
һдʩܿܣûʱҪؽ˵İš
һĶ
˷̫ʱ䣬֮ô죿
˼ɡˣ˵
ãһСҪķ̫ˣǸû취ṩ㹻Ǯ
ûϵѾһŮˣҪٶһȥȻǡ
㵽Ϊֹ
ĸڹŹһȦҽûаѻ˵̥º֢̥Ҳõȥ
ѲµΣյ⣬ײһĸϡ
ӣһʼ
׼ʱҽЩ˦ڸû취İˡ
ʼԾԱŮֿɰСʱ»æѧϰͶҲÿϲʱҲ˿ûѣŮһʼᡣ
Ϊֵ̥ΪӤֳִֻҪţͻ뵽һʽҪ֧ȥǮƣʹĸоڲϵͳвŸӰ졣
ʹΪĸףҲӡ
ױĸ׸ϲŮʱڶӵչ˺ӤİţҲǾۣһһӾŮУǸӣ˵Ů˫ȫǿһȻǸŮǾûʲôҪˡ
˵ѾһÿʵĴŮŮһʼǸ
룬˭ӵõһŮҲٽԼŮκһ㰮ֳȥǸǸĴûܾԹƽǱҲƽȣ˵ܣǼֱЦں˵Ĺ˭Ҫˣ˭ǱʳʬͿӡ
׿һۣеӤüеġ
һмסḷ̲̌ݵζš

Ǳ߶źˡ
ߣٱˡ
ǡ
һžסʮһ
ʮһڷܶеͨ˺ʮһĳЩʧֶԵǵĹ֮䣬ȺһСӰ죬˵
ʮһʹеһȺˣҲֻŲϵͨˣλ߿ҲЩЬϡ
޶Ǵʮһǰġ
ǵĸĸסǱߣʹˣ岻ֳ֧;棬ֻ밲ϣŶŮϽģǢϣҵϣ˼˿ĺúӣҲˣǾͷˣһҪųȥǻԼûȤˡ
ҪȰЩźá
Ҳ֪˵ʮһʡ
Ͼǵҵ׽⣬ԼԸһµʹŮؾϸĻҪ֧⣬ЩǮЩǮ㹻Ǹ˫ĸõ͸ѡء
һΣްѶŮ˻ȥ
λһʱ䣬Ҫʲôöһһ졣
Իȥˡ
ĸ׵ĸˣ׵ĸˡ
ԣһסˣһĸ׵ĸףһǸ׵ĸסĸ׵ĸǸˣֻϣŮϽ
׵ĸЩʣһ̱Ѷ࣬ȧԸߣ˵Ӷʴȡ
׵ĸ׺ĸ׵ĸ޼ǾϵһԼڽŮⷽ棬ֻҪϽ͹ˣԽŬԽá
λûһӣΧСǶҪܿߡ
ǲ£˼ҵСַҲһǡ
ԣΧȺܶȻ
λ˽һţ
ҲûжȱʲôʳסУһŵλһģرãҲر𲻺á
ֻǣһ׵ĸһףһĸ׵ĸһĸף׺ĸ׽Ϊ򸾣˷֮绢ŬϽ׬Ǯӣ²ŲʣȻӵĺӣһš
ǸԵʣλסһϣżܵŮͻĶǮҪʱԼŮҲһģһų˫ѹȲǸҲĸף׷ˡ
λϸҪ֮ҪôúãôⲻãҪѧϰżŸĸؼҵĽκãԽ֮෴档
ĸ̬ȺͶԴİûʲôҲúܺá
ҪһͿ˵ʲôǶԲ㣬ǿ϶ΣجΡ
ҪǼԷǣ꺮ůֻöͷΣԼա
ܴĻǱ˵
Ȳǹ죬ҲαǰǻڻԺҲб仯
ΪѾһˡ
ü۾Ƿһſ˿Ҳסǵȷ˵֣ԼΥ򣬲ӣҲ
һŵıһȽ۾һȵĿȣŵ״̬ȴ·μջؼңж·ʱ׼ϸѡں
ЦЦ⣬綼ȥˡ

141
ˣˣǴС㾫׼
˭
ȻǸ㡣С㣬ŪҪĶǧ˵Ǹɵġ
ǰǰҡǿɶΣ֪ҪǮ
С㣬ǰɣöѪǮǼˣҶݣС㲻Ϊ㣬Ǿ군ˣǷ˺ˣҲԲ˶߰
֪ˡ
ա
һѾƤë£Ÿ߸Ьҡҷ˵ת뿪ˡ
Ӷ̻һɫЦԼǸʲô
һ˾ɷġˣΪǮʲôóȥʣʲô
ҪԼβͶѰ˺ıӻΪҲӵĵطޣ
˵ǣ⣬ٲҪΪԼһ󣬷˺ʹСأܹһʲôҲþӿԼ¼ĵģҲʹСĸôҲ֪ܳġ
˵˺Ȼסˡ
ʼֵذ
˵С㾿ʲô
ΪһֱǸ¶ӹ¶ԺﱧˣϽʹС裬ûɣһ˱ϳȥˡ
˵С治֪Ǹӵ֣֪˭͵˵ǮֶΣС˼˰һҺҲδŵû£ͷðˣϧ
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Ů˸¼ҪеִǮûǮˣ׼Ǯˣ͵͵˺ӣ˼ҲҪҵͷٳȻˣֲôСΪһҰﲻˡ
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145
µ˸ӵҲܡ
ΪƶѪˮեΨһһ⣬ֻһ㣬ֻǰȥδԲɼûнݣûоƳ֣ûн»
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˾ˣûʲôˣһ첻أ
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149
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Сڼﲻôܻӭͷ࣬һͷƦӵӳ
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ĺŴô̼ԸȥɻЩʱȤ·ģϣиʲô˳ŵһ¿
Ҳ̸ԸΥĺִʱʧˣûĸһ𸴷˱ˣεڵء
ǿҵһȫطȥ
ٺǸŵδˡ
Ҳ˽ڷ
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ĺŵĻһ٣Ȼδ֮ԣ˵ˡ
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ĺŵ˵ͷûʲôڵ˼
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δһߣʣ¶ˣʵ̫ὲ¡
Ӧһͬδ˵ĻǼȷʵó
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۾ش֪
δûʣ˯ˡ
ѹʱ򣬵δ˾һߣƺû׼Ź˼
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δԥһ£Цʣ㲻ֹҵ飬԰ɣ
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Цˣе˵ҵ˵úӦûǵá
ںĲǱģҲӦҪһȥһʲô˼أ
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ûʲôӦһ㿨磬ֹһ˵ҡ
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ش۾ûлش
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δգգۣ˼
ǰЦȻ;ˣҲӸ棬ֻǣӴ˻Ƿֵĺáóʲôӡ
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ȻгͻӦñ⣬ܱͱܿԷκҪǻԼǲǴǰûעʱԻˡ
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δʡ
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꣬˵һ˯һ˯˾ߣ
δˣʵ˵Ǹʾ䡣
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дżĵıͼҡź꣬͵͵Ϊȫ෴ʣϢҲֵطСƬ˵Ķֽɣֹ豩Ļѻ
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ʱҲ˲࣬µҪŤһ۾ָŴֻ졣
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˻֣ߵ˽ѹס

151
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̱һҪɢһҪڻ
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ˡ
˯ȥǸҲӰ
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ֻǺܳʱ䶼С縺ҵ꣬˭óôζûλѡǵĹϵɲ

152
ѩӺܸߵƮλƵģСɡľߡ
Ͻһܱı·ϣЬ׻ģֲǺܽʵ΢õѿ
ľƺһ˪ڳɫĵƹԵһǣɬ¶һë׵С̣Ө͸ѩ˪ɢƺĳľųһţɵСֻ¶һ˫۾ůĵڡ
ʳĵƹº͵ֻǿžͷ·ůһ㡣
ڣ嶼Ѹůһʵë·ϡ
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Χˣȥȥû࿴һۣﰲ
㼺͸ѸٽһֵĿ֮󣬶˵켴ȣҾؼңǾҪˡ
ǿҲ֪ϲ￪ʳٰ꣬Ŀⲻ˵ڵʳʵͳȥתָߺƵġ
־ҪϾôʱ䶼ڴ̡
οûʲôʹڸȷʵΧ˺Լڵ򣬵Ӱ췶Χ̫󣬷԰ʽСռڲӪҵֵʧ
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ڵһһʥ̵֦ҶͮͮĳͲӣӲӵСεģð̴ëɫëСèżӣʺɫ˿εĺؿƯ·
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͵һ£æҡͷ¶һֺõЦ
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ź֮Ա
һۣ˳Լ߬ĵһѣǲɿģǿ˿ԥһ£Ƿſˣʣɳܶ죿
ܽ˲ˣ˵˵дд
֪ǲϲ˶ĵطģǰﻹ٣ڵһҪӪҵӪҵʱ򣬵ôҲ٣ϲĵطʹʳ걾ģҲǸġ
ǰΪڸᡣ

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Щ̣Щ´û
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Ҳȥҵ࣬ȻԼòãҲûöôãҲûʲô仯ΰûҪ󣬺ùҹҪǶȥƺԸˡ
Ϻƽûڽֵϳ֣Ұ·վڽºͣҹ⣬յףʵΡ
Сڰ֣ıߣ﷢ʣ߲Ǹͷƣ۵ˣôľϷҳԵģŸĸָָ㣬·ߵؤ󻵵
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ĥ׹ȣԲºͣʯǷֹˣɫһλϣǾ׾ںһ𣬽á
ⱦԣһӺݻʹ·ڰɫĬȷǷɫ㡣
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ʲôҲ֪ҿ͸
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ʳ꣬˹̨ǰӣˡ
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գգۣ֪ڵЦЦʮº͵ҾȻؼˡ
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ǰӦøˣǼҲȲһҸѹ
δˣԺҪˣһ̲סˮ
֪Ժ󣬲


157
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158
ſڹ̨ϵ۾ڽʳļھڶ૵ʮҮʮҮ
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ϵͳ˵м׬ۡ
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159
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160
ɫǡô磬ɪɪ̲ססŲͣ·ϸܿտȵʵܣ˵ʱ˸ܵ޴ƯŵˮϢȴһԲˮһʺε
ʱʺڼ۾غŴһ˿͸绻Ŀ϶ƴǷǰŵӽĿɫ任ܲ⣬ƺһֱΪƣôɢеջһ뿴ȥֻջһЩ־ˡ
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˳ŷζѰҹȥԼʵûʲôģŷС
һ·Լ·ҵϣʱ򣬺Ȼʲô
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Ǹû޹ԱСӣһͷˣһͷԶԶܿ·ƣ֪ôģǣƿ˵ǵĵףһֹһ࣬ʣྻƹӵģ߿һۡ
վСӵӿڡ
ɰ뿿棬˱õķӡ
·϶żȥƺͣĹӡСľߡ鱾һ
Ѫֶѣ˿ںˣͬʱڵϵˡ
ƺһ壬Ըÿ϶˿ڣַƺ֡
жϣصǸҲھõǸ
ԱûʲôȫѵĿܣôҲܵʹӰɢע֮ࡣ
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ÿһһҪǱͬһ˱ΧŹٲҪֱӾͶȻͶԷƴ˸ƾС
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˵һΣ˳һһѾȵˣ˲𣬿Է˯ȥˡӣһͱ۾Ҫ˯š
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ʣҪʲô
ЦҿˣôҪҰæҺΪЧ͡
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ˣͱ˫֣ǰ
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һֻס˿ڣһֻŵӣֶֻգҪҪ米¶׿ѡһֻôҪһá
ס˿ڵֻ֣ͱԼѪߵֺ𤣬ѪŵӵָɿΨһʹûʲôѪ࣬˿鷳ҲԸ֣͵ڷԼ٣ڵûǸԱ˼
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һȺ˺һˣܶǮ͵Ǯıһ룬ԼʲôֵöԷĵط˵ʲôһʤ߼ôˣֻһȻȱΪôۿ˲ֻܶһɲ
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Щӣ˿磬תߣ߱˵ߣǾͰˡ
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ûôȥ˵ûСûпޣҲûֻ֣Ǻ΢Ʒɹһһվúȡ
һǳһһǮġ
ϰｫǮҪ½Ʊȣü۶֮⡣
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171
һȺСĺûжϴ
ŮͷߣΧһߣͷ翴ȥɵ÷ɢվֱЩ
ӣǵǲһɺˣһᶼûУ֮ǰһţͷ綼ȫûа㱯ż˵׼һȦˣֻŵ档
ȿڣ˵ûоûУ֮⣬ûеˣڻǿţ˵仰濴ˣǾǲǣ˵һȺֻếСţվȫŶȥҲûá
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ڴڳԣᵽ׻ǣͺ°棬һȥˡ
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ƿݷĽʳ
һ⣬һ˼Եһ죬ֻ˰Сʱ
ŲӣԼҭ
ɫ̫
ʱֻ̫ζŽҪȥ˽죬ͲǷˡ
ûٳԵɡ
Ͼһƭġ
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ϵһʪֲֽ֡
ʣ֮ǰ˵Ļ㻹ǵ𣿡
ԳЦǵá
ʣ㻹Ҫҵİ𣿡
Ե̫̫ҪŻ³ǿʻȥλЦȻ
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Щ棬Ե̫ˣλϣ˻֣ЦˣҪΪѡ
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ģһźɫɿԼЦЦⶹӵݸ硣
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˵Ƕҩζɿһģģܿ죬Ӧòôʹ
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˵ֹǵϷŪ
룬¶˹ĿЦݣŮЦݻ˻ۣѾóӱˣ쬵ģ˵ŮԼ˫֣ʾԼԸԭرͷ£ٶ࿴һۡ
˳ǣɭɭЦ𣿡
ҪǸ˵һŮұ֤Լȫˡ
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ҲڣŮ૵ҽŮصʳꡣ
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177
ʳѾתȫص㡣
Ϣˣ۾⿴βҡҡλΣէһǷƵת
ָָʾŮȥϵʲôط𣿡
ŮΪԼҪˣһٷ͵Ƕͷ·֣ǲ԰ײԣҲԸȻҪԸˣ֪극˾ͻе룬ΪѪҺҪθʳͷԵľ̶ȾȻʱΡ
ھʹһֳŵ״̬˸Ƿӣﷺһ˯ʵ⣬ʵеޣ˵ںδ֪ˣںʹ٣Ϊʳֹһˣֻţ͸еģʹʲô˵ӸожϣҲֻ֪˵Ҳ϶ǿˡ
ֲںµŶӣȾܵĳ̶ȣŵòܲ˶Զģ֮ǰѾԼŻ˺óһ·ˣԴ֪󲿶ʧһֱһˣѰҷã˳ܿÿһҲǰȫ·ϣ߳ȥ
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º͵ö࣬Ϊ˰ѵĲϴ֮⣬ûʵԵ˺һٱ֮ǰĸоͲһٱ·ʱΣҲˡ
ŮһۣȻԼеۻɴ۾ȥ۾ȷϼΣԱȻʵļ䣬ûϴ
ʱѧУУͣվӻ֪ûˣǻûҲڴ󲿶
˵Ůü۵ʹȥ򴽣ǿջЦʱ˵ʱӦöɽ棬ܻʹҲҲܡ
̾һЦԽ˵һֵ磬ҪͣǴžǡ
һие־弴Ը·ȺΪ硣
ҾӡҿԻȥ𣿡
ʳһ仰ʱʵûʲôϣϾʳ꣬Ҳõڲģֻգգۣ֪һ·Ե뿪洫Уɽϲŭ޳ٲûĵ顭
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ŮȵۣŴλվжЩĳֱס෢࿿ֻ֮Ǹǽ⿪ǻؼķӦϵһȳһյƣֺ棬ֽţЩرĸˡ
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ŮǱıŴʳ뿪ˣƵУԵĻɡ
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ĳ̬һҲͬʱҲ֮ǰʶ̬Ӽ͵ĸоһ
۾ǵɫζĿȣɫڱ滯һȦһȦɫۡ
ͷǺɫɫĳֻ꣬кȻһƬΣ֪ʲôʱƺǰĳҵĸһƬɫƮǰϲԼһ⻨ɫʹŷĵһûʲôζҲֲǻ
ʹŻһߣǺԶһСǰǿŵģһֻСϵëǻɫͷҶӣ࣬õҶǼԵģСëǼɰģŹȥ
е㷹ʳζ̵Ĳ׷
С֣ǻ紵ȥСıϣʱСֺֻĴ۾ԽԵýɰ
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Ǹʱϲû
Сʱһġ
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ЦЦѾСԶ֡
ش˹Ҫǰһʹҡβ͡
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ָⴥ˴㿪һո°ƽԵĻƵģŵСַ·ڴһֻ֪ôƢܺõ۷䣬ߣڻ䵱ʱƬɫĻ
󣬸ָ֪ȼհĹ¶ȡ
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ЦЦֶֻȥ˸顣
´ƫߵģų꣬ЩⲻЩ
һ˵¶ҪͣӴ̣;ˣһᱡıӨ͸һƬѩƵģȻ˲ϣ߶Ǳģʵû취̡
ЦЦֻĲӣֻڿԼ֣Ҳȥеѣתϣܽȴǰκʱ򶼽ɵ룺ֻѾɱɫˣȻô䣿Ӧˣ룺л˸һů͡
һȦòãԺ󶼴ţҲټʱ̾ϳˡ
Ͽҡ
ģβͣѾγӰƵˣͷЦðð
ѹżǰһ䣬˵˸ʲôҶϲ
ߴЦǰһͷЩ̾Ϣο˵ܺá
ջ֣һоͶһƺƵĺطɫɫϣ׶μ̲ȵشۡ
ƣ˿ʣûӦô
˵ţִŹͷ˿
֣ЦҸϣǣҪǴȥɾȡˡ
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ӹľ࣬ڶԷ󾱴ֽϣۿŷûһڵͬȦһ£һûһ˿Ҳô׾ٺһ𣬳˸׶μ̵Ȧ޷ؿĲϡ
ˡ
ջ֣˿Ц
ͷ˿Ạֵ̲֣̇
˵ǲɱ˾ͿԣҪƽʱע⣬һžͲˡ
˵ͷϵȦĶһŲơ
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