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ʦͽŰﵱ̲
ߣҹ
İ崩һƪʦͽŰܴӰ
УԸʦǰʦ壬ڻͽǰ˶԰ذмӣõʲô
趨ԭİõľ籾㲻
ɲܲа
һֺƵİֹȫĺ滣һźѺʦֶݣŬǹ£ĻʦͽԵС
Ϊ˻ԵλʦֶңӲƵװߵ˺
ҲΪʦֶ岻ãʦʮչ
չ˵ĳ̶ȴǲ˭ͰˮǱȵǸ
վʦֶ治ߵĶͽ
ظʮζѡһ˺һֱͽڻˣչ°ʦðѵȾ
ṦΰһԼеĽ֣̾˳ⳡϷ
ɲ֪ΪΣ˳һֵϵͳ
ϵͳʲôᣬֻᷢ񣬽ȥǣʦ֣ܵʦͶͱֲֹ־ܾ
ȣ忴ǰ˪Сʦ壬˿ڿˮ֣Υĵ˵ʦ壬¡

֪ιʣ˼Զ壬ͻȻЦ
Щ˵˼һδεؽӴ𽥼ء
ݱǩ 
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ʦͽమɱ
⣺ǿϢ
Ʒ
崩һʦͽŰܴڻܡԭУʦڻҵʦ壬ڻͽڻҵ˶ڻܹذмӣõʲôڻȴǸԹµСˣ򼵶ǵĺûºֺǣ֪ͽɱ뵽ԭڻұҵĽ֣սľ忪ʼԾ֮áԸ̻ΧųΪڻҵ壬ԼԭǹչΪڻҵ̲ϵͳڽһһѰδķһƪҲܷԼġıʾȻݾʣֵһ


1 ʦ
ʦȥɱ˲ľޡ
ԭ֮ڣɫӷµҶʦСۣ
ŴΧ˺ħޣǰݵʿʤҪ˵бߵģԭСʦݣ
ĵǸţȴҲ֪е̳˭
ԭΪĴ֮һ͸񣬽ֳһλܵеɽݣͷȻѹڣгΪ׵ͷ
ڵΪᵽٲö˵䣬ֻ˵ʱ±߽ѵӸ꣬ѹѹҳµĴ
µڡ
ԭվڰ̨ϣŵİλϣ˵״ӣĵ̾һ
˽֪ԭһоƯɽųºӵ²ż汸¹оλӣֱԭͬɽ
֮УΪľǰ˳ݣһλ֮еʿ
ҲλͽʵףǰЩŴٿֻͶͽ档
Ŵ˲к˵ħޣҲ˲ٺݵرֽݹ˵Ҫͬʦֵܷ֮ԭЩϵţ׷׸ϵµ׼ݴдص䱦ʲô
ֻǲ֪ιʣһͬݲδʦһͬصԭǳŻ
Ŵݵǧ˿ۺ첻
ǾõģŶȴıһ䡣
˳ŵ߿ȥڵеİ˴ѵķǧ
ԭ⼸λ϶֪ǧһܹΪľ䱦
ֻǴãԾλϺֽǿ硪̫ԭʿ˵ôֻ̫ԭµʿ
ڳĳòϣǶмĵӣֻǡ
λ뵽۾ƳȥһǲԲĺӣ˵ϧ˼ҲеӡݶὫˣ˲Ҳա
ɶǿͬȥŴȴûЩΪѡ
Եʦ̸ֵܽ˼ǹصü̧ϯڼλŮ󿴵ԼΨһеӣ̲סҧҧµĵ˲ʱ˽뷨ҡҡͷʾù
վĴƽ̶Ŀ罫ΪѵıС
һԼ˪Ůͽܣ˳Ŀⷢ˵ϯе壬üʵЩͷۡ
ƽĶۣλµеӳ಻ĸüɫǳһ˫۽΢΢¡Цĺͫһĺݡ
ֻΪ岻ãɫ԰ף̬ƣ룬ǲûǿǣӲ͵ж
żӣţͲס֣ŰҲһ׮ɿڴӦˡ˺ûò˵Ŀһһ겡
ʲôŶͷϵˣε룬˵
λͽίʵϲ̨档
ŶʮأǷ˸ǣʺʿ·
ɼŲϲ壬Ҳ֪ͽΪ谮Сӣǧˣܡû׼ת
֪ҲûгȥܣϾҲݵĵӣܲΪͽܲݸĵ
ݾٴ󷽣ҲܲԼ״Ϊȡ
ͨܿ˼
ɲ֪ǲǲǵĿ⣬ϯ峤ü΢壬˸
֮ͷϴ˵תʦɫʦͽ岻ʣˡ
ƽգ⻰϶£ͬ˽֪ʦƣݿֲεķϣǧ塣պתٰ񻹸Է
֪ʦ˼Ϊ˸Ӽꡣ
ϱ鲻䣬۵ȴлգ֪СʦҪˣŵٶһЩʦ
Ծûڡ
ڣʦʦڣΪСȻ޷ȥ
Ҳ֪ʦ˾˽Ϊĵӣ޷ȥʵ֪һСʦ嵽ˣĻ񽻸֮аĽСʦ˶޵
Ϊ֪
ͷϵˣ˶ɵˡ
ǲ˵崩ˡͬҲ²岻ãҹಡ󴩵ⱾС˵
ʵΪһ׵ϸߵĶߣʲôĶΨ괩ƪرϲ
ǵãƪĵʱǽʦͽꡣʦͽϲģһͷʦͽУƪľ㱹ġ
ݼ򵥣Ǹʦܿͽܣ򲻻̹ͣͽ֮ᣬͽܺڻʦ
˵ģ±ǲ׵ġ
Ϊİߣʲôԡֻܾܽ鹷ѪԣܲϷ
ƪĵߺϲ䣬ΪԼٷ֮ʮǹòٷ֮Ǿ飬ٷ֮ʮǹʣµİٷ֮ʮǰܵķ
嵱ʱǰܵռرȣһȺϢ
ǿйǵ˭Ի
ǿİ壬һλ岻ãһѪͨҩ˼СӰ+С˵аʵˡ
Уʦǰʦ壬ڻͽǰ˶԰ذмӣõʲôŰ
趨ԭİõľ籾㲻
ɲܲаܡһֺƵİֻȫĺ滣һźѺʦֶݣŬǹ£ĻʦͽԵС
Ϊ˻Եܻ㾡ԣңԼڹеķˣŪǹܡ
ҲΪ岻ãͬʦʮչ˰
չ˵ĳ̶ȴǲ˭ͰˮǱȵǸ
վʦֶ治ߵĶͽ
ظʮζѡһ˺һֱͽڻˣչ°ʦ𣬱ľ顣
ܵ˵ǹ֮֮ԻôᣬСϷأƪûʲôͷֻΪŪϷԭ򣬵ʱֻܱԼ¿ԭûŪ壬˵ǴԽƪУĶǡ
˵Ҳ
˴ʱͷˣǰЩһֱ֪£ֱǰЩͷٴˣ¡
ʵ˵ָĸоһѾ쵽治á
ʱصǰμ϶ܾǹܵľ룬ڣŶ꣬˳⡣
õ֤ǡ
ɽ


2 
һͨ˲ʱ
ȥͷʹѣҵؿŽյľ򿪡֨һϤ˳ŵһ࣬ϼϵӰ续ʦĹһʡ
һԾ˵Ŀա
һɾǳɫۣ磬پ£ֻȴ̫ʧ棬䵭ϾƲһзǺʱڵڡòմ̻˴ۿȥֻһľ
ݡ
˼֣ĬĬһ֡
ݲ˿Ŀ⣬ֻһѰ׺׳ǰʦһ
ŵһͷˣԵĲ˵ֻ˵·࣬
ǰŵıһԲǿǧ
Ϩʦϧ˼ûڡ
ǽޣ˽ϲ䱦ʱʱͻָʦʦһЩòϵҲϰ󷽵Ϊ
ûãһȺ˷ݴȥݵջݱݡ
Ҫȥȴͳ˺һ䣺ʦ㡣
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վססĽŲ
ͷסݣڵЦЦ
ǺݿڵԭԭҪ뿪ǲͣ²ӡ
תĿ⣬סձٿֱߵĵϯ
˵ı仯ݵʹް⣬޳ָһ龫İڰ棬ڹ۲졣
˵ʦ㣬ǧĹЧҸȥһԣûãӡ
һΧһƬȻ
˭֪ǧķΪʿֱΪ
ɱţ
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һ㶣¶ĵı飬ֻǿûã̲סĴһ۵ϯûжλһʱЩ˼ҲǺӾѿʶ˵һ䣺⡭
ﲻ˵֪ݻ壬ȥҪóԼӵġ
˵Ĺ򣬵ڵǳԾؿݣֿڽݵӣϵıмֹŹ֡
ΧƵգ̧ۣ׵Ļᣬ塣̧֣覵ǽڷĴţһ
ѳɶ֣˶ڿߣֻùлݣһСŲȥһ߹۲ݵı顣
Ϊһǿǿģĵʦĸͽܲ£˿̨Եģǿֱ˲Сѹ
ʵ˵ջָ˿ȫԭݣǰȥݡ
̨ʱЩȿա
ʿǿڳˣСȻûӹ˵ķۡ
ܿ죬󷽴ЦΪ˸ɫϰףһĨ츲ϣ͵Ůӵ֬Ҳպ͸ƻ
˵оֹûκα仯ٸһ㰲ο
֪һЦ¿첽ǰӹеı
ݽ񽻸壬ʳָָĻëġ
е̧ͷĵʣͷôˣ
岻õ˵˵ԼײˣҲû뵽ݻ᲻ֳϵĸļҳ岻ã֮»Ե֮ԭĹŵӣ޷ΪƫҲ֪ŵûٳʵڲ˼˵ࡣ
Ҿ˵Ҳ벻ˤʱļ䡭
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뿪µҹĻ١
СԺһһٺɫĹỺӳֽϣֳԴİ
صԼס֮ǰ忴ӡͻأسſڡ
̧ͷ
ɽͣɽŢԼδغõľţܿ˽ӡ塣
ûпڣƿţֽӡʧڡ
ʱҲδȼһſľ޿ڡ⣬ǿܿҵһˣû¶ɫ
ԭӲͬһͷɫĳûдڣֻȡ˶丽ƳԺֱ۳ļɫչ̶
壬һɫխ侢װĸխڴϵŵĺڱ˵п̻ʮֵλ
Ǽµޣϴ׺İһͲǺദˡҲԭľ׼ôʡ

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һΪħĸ˶ⶣã길ĸɱ常Ϊ˱Ͷݣȴȥԭ·ϡ
Ŷݴɾ¸ָⷢڲԹǡ
һ鷳
ǧǰɱԹɢѳ˵ааǰ׵ĺ޷ֿħԺħġ
ݲ֪ϵԹǴӺζΪ˸ԭûиκˡ
ҲȡʱħţƢãԸƫ˲̫һ
Ѱ˸ڣִҪ¸Ϊħԭݲ¸ְħĵӡ
˵Ҳ֣˭ƢĸӲ嶯֡
ҪûݣŻһӣҲǸΨһˡֻϧ֮ݡ
ݣݣ岡ǿ壬չˡ
ʱһϲ˶һ꺮ů˭ﶼʹ졣ֻ˲ʹ죬̾͹ȥˣƸ
ħԣħĲ׷Ź£ֻ߲ͣСС¾ԹǵķŴ󣬻ɺܴ⡭
뵽㣬ԽãȻ
ôȥ屾ʵػţȴ֪ԼС˵Ķǡٹ꣬õֵܻɱᱻʦʦޣ֪ԭǻԭЩ飬ҲӦԵƣ̬ʱ䳤ˣͻüҲԭǸܺá
ر˴
λøκˣܵóĽ˵͵ԭһС
ûĺûԭܡ
Ȼԭ𱨣㺦
עûд𰸵ûж塣ȻѾΪô꣬ôദ͸ģǱ㲻Ҫɣ˵档
⣬ǣܿһ¡ˡ


3 Զ
ݴǧС
Ǽƽûõֻǲϲݹӡ
ڼʡ
ǿݸ֪֢ŵڴߣﻹûôԸȸе̲ס˼
ͻȻѹ֣һơ
ӦװʱʦѰ˲ٰ취ҲûκŹֵ壬Ϊüչڵģ̡ʱ䳤ˣЩϰȻ裬֪ͣҲѹͿԵ졣
ֻǽϢã㲵ģȵǲˡ
һֻ˳˹޳ָס˵ƿ
һϵûкʣôˣ
˵ܳ壬˽˿⸱ӣǻıֶһֱŤĹġ
µԭĵĻǡǹ֮֮أΪû졣
ֳṷѪĵĴ
һаǸţú˵һһУףദ
ҲΪݶú˵ڻİŻѰܶẦǡ
˼ЩƮԶۿٴ񣬸ͷ죬ֱ¶һ׶Ķ
ƽĶۣòiĸߴĸúܺÿֻ걻ԹĥгޱȥԺǿ
ʿħڣʵľƽ̰ܹͣأʶϲһЩźࡣ㲻ƵĶ࣬ûмϲ
ҲΪ̫ǿڵӶԸԽԽ
ַˣʱ˵𣿡ûʲôһ˵һ壬´ۣôˣ
ŵá
ԭħħǧУξʳѰ
ʵ岻ʵʵֻƢ˵ûƭ㣬ȷʵֻ࣬ʦݴһЩ滨ǻ۶࣬һ𵽴ǣҶǻӺͺЩſ
üۼɷֱ˵˵һˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ΪҵĲ飬ʦǨҵѾˣʦԸʲôİãˮֲһ˵סûбҪΪȡǻĻڲʱŴأ棬Ǻ࣬Ҳ¡
һ䣬¸ǰŴȥžͰʦĻ
ϾʱֻҪ븵ԹͻȥԹ¡
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۲ŸɫؿڣܿˣǰЩӸżһⲻأ²ʲôļţϵôģ
ͳᣬһˮʱǺ˵黰⡣˭һ˫ۿţ̲סĲǰУһЩ
˫۾Ӱ죬ԾһЩŤŤ˵ʲôҲû
ûôˣҽޣҽԼȴܸܵϵ⡣
ָС̽ļָ⹴ŶԷ죬أŲȻ˵ûһʵǲҲСʦһǿ˿̲סչˣƲʵҲԸ˵
˵⻰ʱ䣬ȴĺƵǿ߶ߵʩᣬĩ˻ż԰Թ⣬ʵ˲ϲ
֮ǰδ˵ǰѸŪһ¡
˭ôˣҺʱˣ˵ʦϣ壬СǼ˵ЩʲôỰ
ܿ죬عĸŭҲڵʱ㶼˭һ𣬴Ķѧ⸱̱ࣿ
Ļȷʵ
Ҫѻ˵
ЩԲסɻָĈҪʱֿڽҹúþģ˼һպᷢ飬ԼδҪߵ·
ͷ˵ЩĻԴ˴ݵĲø£ֻŸ
˿̼Ըûкµﲥһʧ˵ǣСǼ㸵󷽣ҲԱƲҲ
˵ȭͷգǻѹɢơ
ıܿ¡
Ҳҿ˽Ƭ̣Ϊᱬ㵵̧ͷƼŭȻͷҲص뿪ˮӡ
ûд󳳴֣ûж˵һ䣬ΣյľҲûſļơ
౻һ磬ű߿ķţչˣܿˡ
˶Ը
ɸ̫ˣ취ǸߣһֱŸҲġ
ֻĿĴﵽˣϵӡȴӡ˱вʡ
ȥĸ֪Ĳ֪ζ˵Լ¡ʵܵĲǺѼʮպʦžҪûˣҲҪһҪԭ
ʵⱾʦͽŰʦһǷɡҲ˵ԭڻԭҪʦϡ
Ϊԭλ֮һʦλȨأȻһṴħޡȻǰһħޣ֪మⲻɽֻ֣ǵʱħ޵ԭŲ·м䶯һСֶΣħĻ
Դ֮ѹº⣬һֱαʦ
Ϊ˸ħֲԭš
εŴǼƻʼźš
ݵħ޲ħ׳ĶʳϾԭ˶֪ݴ󷽣ϲӺݴĶ϶͸ˡΪ㣬Խʦ֣ܵЩʦһݴ
ǿһֱǧʵ˺ܴħġ
壬;г⣬ħ
ʮպԭرɽ֮ʱŹɽʱƿŲõ󷨣ԭرͶħ£µĶλӡ
塣
֪ΪΣԭﱳԭûдԭ
ԭԭĺڻ֮·ҲǴ￪ʼġ
ֻʣһ˵ˮӣʮԭãȻѹ֪ӦԴʼԼ볣һӦòᱻ
ȥʦݶϣʦ˳ʱڱչأȥ
ʱԭˣΪһµĲӣԭܾ˰ۺ裬ҲԭŤıøƫ
֮ݳأϢԭԭ˼УֻԼôԡ
Ťһֱάֵ
ԭθڸ£еԭ𽥺ֻϧ컯Ūˣñ״ݻˡ
뿪պݴԭ͸żħħݣȸҩץݵʦܰǹһ䷿סͬеĸԭʹڶ층ħˣԭڻˡ
ԭĺڻ밮Ľ޹ء
ͬС˵ܣðԭĵ˴ӲǹܣԭľųϣݵʦܣԪ


4 
һƪѪﲻֻһǡ
ԪⱾɡ
ΪݵʦܣԪõķɾ籾塣Ϊԭľųϣŵʱ䲻û֮ǰһֱСĵӣö֮ҽйˣᵽСʦ壬ԭֻ뵽ݡ
ԪԪֻ˭
ҪѹݵĸͬԪǸܣ׷ƿصĸоһȥ֡ɵһЦ˵ķɡ
ƪѪĵǰڣȵ˼֪ν̵λԸܺõʦ̡λʦܼһгߵˣΪһ𣬹Ķ߹䲻ԵĹ۵㡣
֮ڰԪŬ£һֱԿ䵭̬ȶԴԭ岻ãϲЩлŶ԰Ԫ˼ְĽʶҹıĲֹǸԭ
ԭȸݡ
ڻԭظ飬ֻвкǹܵı̬˼롣
Ϊݺ͸ĻⱲӴһͷԭΪ˳²ֶΣĶľʦԪҲ䣬Ӳᱻסֽţ̨ʾǺޱȰá
˵ʵԭɵЩѡԹ¡ԭǧв֡
ļƽԭ븵˭֣յֻ
֪жţҲ֪ı꣬Ļͣԭ
޷һܹȰ⡣
嶮˵ȥſ϶ɱ
ԣΪİȫӵ˵Ҳסһֻ뱨ֻۿħĺڰǿֻ븴ģŻѷ졣
ǵԭĽֻ㲻岻ȥﰵʾʲô
˵Ҳã˵аҲã˲ֻ࣬ôֽǹòģʦֶиҪ飬ԭ˶ǿп޵·ˣԭħΨ᲻ᱻ¡
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˼ҵĺ⻹֪мȷʵòԡ
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Σ֪ĵطʿΪѰõ״̬ʱǱĺУԼٷע߷£˲ܷп͵Ҳ
ĻҲĥ䣬ţȸн²˳ƿǰĵ̷ľţᳵ·˽ȥ
뻪ͬװءݲٹעڵڼǳ
Խһɻѩ磬̧ڵϵİɫᣣ͸Ĳ϶ѻ΢΢ϣ糿ϡ
ûйͣڵƵĻ忴ǶѻٵɫɫʯأĿһɨ˰̨Ϸݵȷ˶Է
˵Ҳ֣ʵǿѰ֣ƽҪ˿ȺɽԺݱȻоֻǲ֪ΪΣÿݵľĶι˹Ѳ
㲻á
ǰʱţһ⿴ǿƣʵƭСʦġ
СʦЩĽߣһֻӬΪλġ
ˮݵһڽûվϥ̨ϣֻ̽пȥȴ֪Լľ˿̽ͷĶˮ治һ֮
ĺڷŲ԰׵һִãĴ̬
Сʦ壿ûܿµݣ̲סһö
Ϊ˽гݣ֣ˮƽָˮ֮ǰ⿴ɫͷ­̽ˮ棬ǰ
ٶΪͻȻֵӰġ
һˮӿˮˮ棬һ档
Ȼֵˮ鶯㣬ɫĳڳˮһɢ£һŵĺڵβֻˮһӰ
ֵٶȹ죬ͣʹˮˮĻһ˳ʡܿ죬Ļ£ϸϸˮḧƵļ¼ĺۼ
ƼһĻ屻һһ˫ۿ治ŴƵˣĿûƶ
ʦ塣һ
ˮ沨ɢؿڷʪܵںҵ̽ˮУǿì
״̲סգգ۾֪ǴͣɵĿԷĸʱǻΪ˶Էĺĸе𾪡
ݸո뿪ˮеóˮܽҲûʲôΥ͡
ñͺÿµںմȾ˺촽úޣβҲ죬յĶׯ䣬˿̵˼ɫ繴˻ǵȣ˿᲻ƿ۾


5 ʵ
ˮûڵ壬ƽʣ£
ָһ⣬˵ʦҪʦ˵
Ĵڣݱ鲻䣬ֱӴӳվ
һ
ƿۣ˵һ
ں
ʣῴɫôСڡ
Ҳ˵ʦġ
Էڸмǿλûһۣ治ɫ˵ֲðԪݵӣ˵ĽǶȥȷʵֵýʱҲ忪ʼ棬ݶˣѹסݵĸֻʲôӡ
е¡
ԽԽϲԷֺЦ᣺ȥʦ塣
£֪ǲ֮ܵǰĴ̼徹Ǿú˲⡣
ΪµҲû̫࣬Ųſȥȴڼ߳һ̣һֻĴס
סܴ޳ָס󣬺ƿ糶׽ϸ֦
һΣ˳ŶԷԷǰ
ʦ壿
Īס㵵ؿݡ
סݾôһɿָ䣺ôˣ

һͷˮ֣֪һ£æͳˮһۣ־˰Ƥ϶ǳɫӡӡ
ЩǳĴָСǵɫ֬ץƤϣۼ˵᲻ᣬ˵زأֻ¼ķۣмζ
⵭ӡ˵ϺÿȴҲû˵ĵزַӦǰйǹˡ
ʦĻͣҹǳأҹʧûйغţϴĶҲС
ϴصûгֻ֣һЩǳɫӣִǰ
ȥ²鿴һۣûʲô£ʵվһࡣ
ʱװش˳˸
˴ǰ˵лΪǿǧ
ǰ񽻸壬֣Щִòá
ԭݵ˵һֱħڵ̺ŵħϵִʦ㲻Žڣħվˡ
Ȼ򣺡ˡ˵գյʲôַܿ²յʦܣ۾ôˣ
忴ݣŶԷƯüۣ޷ݵϣݵ״̬Ǻǻ
Ϊ˾ΣʦܰԪݱаҩ۾ҽõˣСʥ̳ҽ֮Ƶжʱһֱˮˡ
ˮӵʱչݵϡ
ϾˮΨһеӾ
Ҳ֪ǲΪιݲŻչ
öĸ֣ڣ۾Ҳʱʱ
Ųġ
Դû˵ʲôֻ˵ްļ䣬ʣԭ֮ǰȥ
ݳƬ̣һ£ȥһۡ
˵ʣʱ̧֣óµĺľ͵ǰ˵·ϸʦġ
˵գֿ壬УԥƬ̲˳Ǹġ
ͻȻһ㶣ܿһЦգллСʦ塣
Ȼո̧֣һЦһӰ˼м䣬겻ɢİԪ
ɰ崿һסݵֱۣʱǰװʦûиҴʲô
ᷳԪԪˣ̴һԣﲻԾ˵ԭôῴôˣ
ƿ̲˵Ķµ
֮ʮԣ䣬϶ЦŴ£ԼΡԪƤ񣬲Ƴˣ˵ʦֺС˵ڴ֮ϣʦֲҲ˶ʦֶôʦֶУҲУҾûУ
˵Ԫ۾תһȦݿڣ˵ҲǣıȵùʦֶʦֶǺʦͽܣҺĽ
ǰݶĺãϡĩ˲װɵӽһʦܣʦ壬Ҷʦ£ǸġµʦȻҵƨɿ϶ᱻ򿪻
ƽĶۣ⻰Цƫ˳ÿɰ˵ڸһԴ׵Ļ޺ԶȤ˵˼ּ̱ڿЦ
⻰ζ̫Ũɵ˵ҲԸ
ݺϰ˰Ԫѵӣδ˵ʲôԪ˵˵ʦҲǣҶôˣҵСҲǲҪ˶ӹյĺͯ¶ĸйԸţУұʦȥݣʦҲʦһܶȥ
۵ıԹһҫźݶĿأں¶佫һ顣
֪ԪԭǼݶáԭĵ˵˼СǱɰİԪˡ
ԭӶմ󲡡
ԳжܳĻϵЦԽᡣ
һԵݺûԵĵط
Ϊԭλ֮ݺԵĸǶԪ֮⣬ֻΪԪ˵ԵСƢҲðԪá
Ƽ֪Ѿ˼İԪСУжһ˹¿飬ţô£ҼҿεСʦֶôˣ
屻ûбðŭ⣬ֻ˫ԲԲ۾һлʦģʦʦˡ
Ԫװĵ֡ʱİԪãᣬӲǺദӡ
ʵԭ˵ĲǴ
֪ԪԼԭ򣬾֪ôԪ᲻
뵽һ˫Цۣȶ˵˵Ҳʦ壬ҼˣǴǲͦյģʵʦ˵һʦʵףݴʦӦôϰʦ壬ǰʦڣʦһ֣Ҳܷǰѵëʵʦ嵱ʱôûȰȰţ
˳ŰԪĻʣżݺŹİԪĹ۵㣬ʵݵԸ񡪡
ʦסĴſݲ˵ʦܵʵӻĥԭʿ磬µӶſͣҲôġʦȥ˻ԭӲأʧڷȡ
䣬Ծ̲˵ˡһؿݣһЦһҸоİԪ
ݵĻڰԪԣּ衣
룬ûʲô˵еԼѿԪȻУǾðԪǰ̧ͷ
Ԫ֪ܲСڽԪʲôԪԪ֣ǰԪԭµ£һһʰ︵Ҫ
жѹԪ͵жҡ
Źƽ
лҪ˵
ť»壺ԪٸСҰԴժ
ݣǰãԪˡ
Ԫ


6 
ԪͬԶΪϲ˵ѣʱ˵ѿĻ׼㣬ſݳԪϾӰԪصݣԭд˲ֹһΡ
κ֮֮ԲԪҲӰԪǵİԪİΣֻǰԪ֪£Ϊǰʦü˵ףԼΣգݵе˵ԹֻǿԼµֱʵ裬ֹܱҪװν
ѿĿѾﵽˣǼ죬Եùڿ⡣
շûȥ˼ǰһȻȥ
Ԫһʱȥݸ
ߺûãԪҲˡ֮ʱ˵˰죬ȴһԲֻԶ֪ʲô
ˣҽ޵鼮ݣҪʱԼĶС
лʦ㣬ʦȥ˼ãһֱͣԷŵľϡ
͸壬ȴûȡߵĶ
ʱͰȺɽԺû˿ˣһ·ء
ʯϵľУڴɨӳʱָ˺ӣɫľӨǿ飬ϵıû䣬ȴи۵ס
ǿ龭䣬Ȼһ͵£ȥˡ
ֻϧٺҲûȡ
˼ˣޱغǺС
ʱɨĵżųǰ˸ջĸæǰʵʦ֣ڵҪǲҪ
λ֪ĹϵϤıʼ˵ʦдġǿҪ˶𣿡
λӲȷʡչȥľ飬Ķܲò
̨֮ϡµȻһĻ
ƢõĵǺüŭĿ˵Ҫˣڴɨżȥʱŭͣ½ŲתһЩżͷҲصˡ
Ľˡ
ڸϵתݹƿԵǺӣһĵشʳС
˽ݵ˶֪ݲؿߵΪҲѲҪ
ĺٳԶȴϲĸ¡ֻǺһںĿУǸһ㺮˪ָһǰ˵ϡ
žһ
ɫĴķѣһء
ɾЬ汻ˮȴ㲻ֻ۾һ
Ƭ֮ݵְסͷü

ʦ㣡
صˮʱƼſվһλĸŮˡ
Ů˴īɫȸƻüޣͷϴҶԳƵķ಻ʮޣٴԽԽÿ͡
Ĵͽܣĸãފ
һފĲӿ˲٣üˬʵ˵ˣȥɽһ·˳ô˼գ
ފƼϵĺۼһüްֳ˳ǣ߱˵ȥɽûʲô£ǻʱ򡭡
óһССӣ͸塣
һһЩӨ͸Ʊʯһǿ顣
ފ˵ᵽصʯǣ·ȥЩŻˡ
̰죬ζƫϲЩĹ˽˶ֻ֪ΪĲܳǣ֮βճԣԵأϲԵĶƽպ
ʯǹͬʯ˵ǣ˵һֱĵҩ
ֵҩ岢޻ΪƵһҩϡ٣Ǯ󣬲ߣһ˺򵽡
ǣϲʤιފһ顣
ފԹ죬ʦеЦ⣬Ծ۾
ȻˮӣϣһǳԣȻûжãһ뵽ފٹվҪˣϵЦ̹Ҳסˡ
ľȻƬ̣ʼûҵԭĶފд
ǲӣފԭоһʴĽɫΪûд岻֪ފħ֮ԭĴֻ˵һЩµԭݵȰ˵·µӹɽ֡
ΪԭֲûиľҲ¸࣬ЩϿɵľƢǿһ·ߵڡ
ĸފΪԥ˵ʦ㡣
ţ
˵ħǸʲôˣƬ̣Ŵ˵ˣ·ƽ˾һԭսħǿԭǲǻܶˣʦƽʲô
ãȻˡ
ԭֻעظߣľ鶼һʴҪṩսʤħķҲ֪Ӧô֡
Ļފתı顣ߣͷ㲻õЩֻҪú壬պˣʦȥܣʱ֮Ĵɱɱ޹أҲ̫ࡣ
֪ފû˵벻ãĬص˵ͷ
ʱӣһЩҩڳˣһˣ˿ںϣĵҲ̾ܺʡ
µһսҩҹϢãȥؾ˯š
ãĥո˯⣬ǰ߳
ľԱʱѹٺɫĻһһ𣬲֪ʲôæѰ˼˳ȥ
ҹķЩü£ۣѭĵطȥվˮǰݺ͸
˿̸ݣϱ鲻࣬г˵ĵ
ݱ۾ϴŰյѣһַֻŶͷʹۼˮûþͻ˹ȥ
ôһ£
üݰջúõģôҹͻȻ˲
֣֪ϴݵָˡ
ҵæţފȥҩȻǰݣԸ˵ʦģȻȥϢһ㡣
ϲ˽ˮӣ򴽣ֻ뿪
˶ûԼ֪ˡ
һԷüһ䣬Ҫ
Ȱͽҩָ۾࣬ϸ˵壬ʦ͵ҩУȥȡҩ
šǰݽŴĺˮ˳ջ䣬ɫķ˿ˮʪ޳Ĳϣһʵڲ̫ܡ
ܾûչСʦ֮࣬뵽λʦʱı֡
ʱǸݾͻ޴ˡҲû뵽·£žϰˡ
к޵ִݵһ˫۾ûҶҿȥݵ·￴һɫʯ
龧ʯɫŽΪи棬иϻɫĽǣӦݴָһС顣
岻֪ʲôʯֻΪѰĺƷžʯûж룬Ҫº;ʯһ岻ʵݻ˷Ӧ
һԻͻȻվƺҪŪԼڵĵطϽһǰȥ
״žʯʶս۾ǲܿˤæȥ
˵ѿǱסݣ²ȣûܳݲ˵ݵѹס
ֻ½һʹֱӳݵӣݵ»ֻðǵľ
Ҳ֪ǲǴȵϢˤ֮ľѡ
ܵһͣصԲ۾࿴ȥ
Ƥ΢΢졢۵ݴ˿ü°͵סļ򣬱ļֻһ֮һѹƵϡ
Ϊ岻ʣش/¶ƤΧ¶ҲΪ̫ϵڱ˴˵ıǼ⣬˷Ĳҩζ
Ƭ̣Ʋףæֻݵļࡣ
ֻһһԷ޵Ĵ˾ļ˳/ƶһξ롭
ĸоر졣
üæһ䣺Сʦ壿
ţݱ۾һ־δָģ
ֱ˵ѹҴˡ
£ƿݣ֮Żģע⵽ıղŵľʯˡ˿ڲѪòֻ࣬Ǿʯͱмɫۼ
û̫ҴҰѪֻŷݵûпת˲䣬ɫľʯɫĽɫϷ͸¶ֲõζ
˺ܴŰͽҩء
˵ҲɣǰŸհͽҩأžͽö
岻˼תȥ˾ʯ̵ѪĻ棬û־ʯѪؿڵλãһĻơ
һģһĻ
Ȼֿ֣ʧżɭа


7 չ
һؽɫڽ֮Уٽسݵͷȥ
Ĺ̺վһԿãһŸҳʣʦСʦΣ
ü˵һ룬һ߸壬ħ֮ǰ̶ҽɵĳν統ħҽɵĳƺδʦġ˹ֽܶ࣬ӹŹ֣βƶַ˲̫ͬڿ˼ҲѲµĶļ֡
վվڴǰ鲻޷֢ҩСʦϵĶֻֽѹƿƣܸΡ
˵Ҳǲ˵Ҳ֣֮ǰĵڵĶȶ޷ֻҪƽ˳Ͳ̫ķӦ˵˼ؿݣôˣǸķ
˵Щʵ
ݵΪȰԪйϵĶԪ鼱֮һն˹ϣԭ߱ʶļֵĿԡ
ǫѷ˵Լڣݵ۾һסдʦͽ飬ҲΪݵĶݶϸʱԾ˿ͷ
ʵϵĶԭĵĽǶȥΪݵĴڡ
ʱܻ۸֪뵽ЩʦԼϣⶣӦСʲôպۼۣ˴ĥ
ڸ¡嵹ÿԺС
Ϊⴳ˻ѹѹڲŷ
ǹ֮²˵Ҳ˵ȫ֪⿪ڰ︵硣
ݲˣȻҪˮӡ
һˮӵס
ķ乻סȫû⡣
ʦǲסóԼĴʦϡ
齷ڴԣ̧ͷܿ
Ĵ⣬紺ĻӦҴҵذܣ䣬įɪ
򿪴һۣӴҵתһ
ͻȻ˯ĵط˯ò̤ʵʱȫʲôʱܺá
˼ҹΣ˯廹ε̫ʱվѩ֮ϣΧҫĿİףƼһģһĺ컨ڵϣո̫
˿̣ƮƮģǲ޻ƺӭӳǰδеɸаΧ·ǱܣӶûκγط۵ĸо
ֲصǰδеģ˼ġ
ѩϱܣЩ˿С£ȴֻеܹӵеĶݻ䡭
ţۿʪȡ㲻˵ᣬԼн塣
Ҳղಡ齣ӹǺüջա
Ҳȥߵѩľƣ縵һ߳ԭ۳¡
ҲҪһӵ볣һĿ֡
Щ걧ʦͷÿԼ˵֪㳣֡
֪֪㣬ܺ˭ֲ
룬ӣһʧݶգγΪóĲʱʱûû
ԭĵİߺˡ
껹ѰаΪԼŲ鷴ӣǧС
䲻ˣȴã컵ӣܻһ찡
ܻܲꣿ
ܡ
ԡ
Ҳôõġ
ԭķ˵ԭˡ
ֻǡ˵˭
ѩǰеĽŲһ١
ѩǵЬ΢΢ƶ
̧ͷȵؿգˡˡ
󣬿Ưһź֡
ϲɹ³ϵͳ
Ըβ
ΪѰߡ
Ŀǰɻ300죻򣺲鷴ĿꡪӳעϵͳһβձС

ɵˡ
ʲôһļ䣬Լһβϵͳ
ˣ
żȲ飬ʱ컹ûԴһһۣⳡεЦܿٴ׹硣
󣬵ڶ˯ε˴ǰݸˮӵĻ档
ʱǶ죬Ӻ࣬ҩЩܼ¡
ڼʦͣһһҩһԭƷԲĲſżҪ
ʱʦ˵𾭳Сʦݣ̲סõЦ˼˷帽ͣҪҲʦ忡Ρ
徴ʦǣ˳ĻΧݵһͨҲ˵ԭݣ˿ɼĴ˵
ʦǾĽҲûе
Ϊԭĸ֮еİ¹⡣
űʣֽдŽҩʱʱܵʦ˵λŮްĽʦ壬ĳĳΪʦͬŴ֡
ԼλСʦƺ޵ܶʾĿŮж٣ġ˭Զ룬ѽӽ
԰£ʱܹλСʦ壬ֻݻ࣬ʱ٩٩̸ЩСԣ岻ϰ߸ݽӴ
ݵϲŭԲԸˣÿǲԶʺãԶһЦ
һ꣬ԪȰ˵ҪȥѰŵرֵð˵Ĺϳֽѵݡ
ݻصԭգոյʦѬ㣬ζܺãŲףǰ
Ϊ棬飬żɫۣȾζεеĴ񡣵ߵʱƼͰԪɫ԰׵ݣҴҵȥҩ
һοڵģҲȥ
ҩһ飬æ˼룬üͷ˵Ȱͽҩء
һģҪΪȥʱһҧָİԪԸ⣬æǰ˾˭·һ
֪ǵ˼̧ᷳһƻˣûк˵ȥ
ɵˣһ۸ֿ˿ݣǰһ
ܿ죬Ԫ͸㱻˳ȥ岻ҵ飬æȥϵ
ҩҩˮ࣬ÿһξһΡڳõҩѾҩˮ޷ӣʮϧ˷ѣݴ·ˮ
֪ʦ˼һסʦڳ·ʱָһ£нûҿ
ַݣ˾ţ֮Űݱ
˵ﻰʱ廹˵ʱһһʳǣľء
ͷľѣͺ޵ĴѹɢŵļʼΪƶ졣
ûСʦռ˱ˣֻĴ͹ԵϢŪʮֲڡҩʱ䣬һֱҩԣʦ̵İסݵͷʱʱһ۽ǾۼĽɫ·
ҵݺ޷ӦҲ֪ݵûʶ
գա
պҪݷǰȰҩﱳֻƲףغ
˿ѹıϣ΢΢ݽʵŷǿҵĴڸУظܵݵһС
ѲһͷæݱһԵʯϣ׼õĸɾһһظݴϣֽݷݵͷԼļϣַ׾ظݰ
һнظܵݵĺвԡ
ɻصͷſСǰһ䣺Сʦ壿
ᣬһչյϤûע⵽˵Ϣݵϡûע⵽ϵĵѾմݵ
ʯϵû˵û۾һ޷Ͽκα仯һֱ֪ʱݵûʶ


8 
Ϊߣһҹ˯ò̤ʵһ磬˼ңòžˡ
һ͵̧ͷȴ۾վԼĴߡ
ϴϸ΢죬ĮȻ˵һ䣺ˣ
ǣСʦ۾ôˣβ죬ɫ԰ף֪ݻûãæסݵֱۣһԵϣʱԼߵ¡
ճӺˣûãݺؿڡ
忴ǳĺۣ˵õòˣС¡
£۲ݵı飬ûһ˵һ䣺Сʦȥݿʲô£ҲЩ棬Ϊľƽ͵ݻȻŭ
һֱʯһëһ¡̧֣ʳָһ棬Ź֣һֱڸţ֪ݶʲô
仰ЩƵʡ
һ£ܾ仰Źֵֹġ
ƽյ̸ݴ˿̸
ľګʵӣĶ
ﷸֹô붼ݿ϶ǹ˵Ǹֲ֪Լ˼ǸʱἵݶһʱҲἵʸֵ飬ʱԼһֱдţ϶ǵʡ
ǵ㣬Ƭ̣Ϊ˲ƻֵܵĸߣ治ɫЦʦЦͬŴЩ棬Ŷд˼ţҪŴᶼʲôֻ֡ҷңҵ˼⣬ȴʯһ㡣
˵ɫÿһ㣬ϵ棬ֵЩڡ
ݲ˵Ϊ鲻ãüݡ
ڲ֪ܸСʦЩʲôĬһɿ죬뿪ߴһ
һɫĹݵͷϷǼ֡
˵ʵҲʦдţֻʦæµʦ塣


⣡
ʲô
һͷˮؿǰ֣ʶظһ飬ݻͻȻ̧ͷ촽΢ţʮ־ȡ
仰ʱͷϵĺɫҲʧˡ
ɡ
޸ص
ڷһպ塣
ţãȻܵһͷ£̧ٿЩΪֵĺѾʧӰ٣ؿҲǰơ
ô£
Ŀ̲ס۲Լȥ֡
ЩƣֻʣǳǳĺۼۼԣֻվͿԳʧЩҪһʱŻʧͻȻĲָ֮ͬղŷ¡
ɱ⣬ҹΣҺûߵ±仯˵
æ
תͷݻ˻˵Ǻæ
ţһ£Ϊֵı仯ڻе˸ղ˵ʲô˿̼СʦͻȻڣһʱת䣬ɵɵؿƬ̣֮ղ˵ʲôʱƿԡ
ûеȵĻش𣬷ϵٴСƶ֪ʲôǣֲһ䣺ҡϲӲҹ䣬дϾеġ
λ˵ú˼
˵ֻҪ룬ʱдţ϶ŵġ
գգ۾ֻ仰СʦԼĿ׻
ڿǣҲ˵ԺСʦҾ͸СʦдšˣܾݲϲдŵˣĻ˸ʾ䡣
Ĳ̹࣬Ȼص˵ͷ
ͷٶҪ˵ࡣ
Ҳûж롣
Ƭ̺֪ˣȥķٴθݿ
ʱһ࣬пյ˺ܶࡣ
ϵĺΪʧˣ
̧ԼղſԼʱ죬֪ôʦ˵ϵͳ顣
ЩŹ֣̲סλһ飬뵽ǿ黮Լľʯʱһ䣺Сʦ壬㻳ŵɫʯʲô
룬û֮ǰûи֮ǰûʲôϵͳֲ֪࣬ȻҪһе쳣
ȴ˵ûʲôرģǿźÿˡ
۾תһȦʣõģ
򴽣Ƭ̣ݡ
Ŷһ˵ͷı˵λã޾ɵҲϵͳ͸һͲĴڡ
ǰЩӿͷ˴ļ䣬֣иϵͳˡֻ뵽̲סԳһЦ֪ĸòס
޷Ҳȥ͡ϵͳ˵ȥܺҾĵſ֮ʲô仯
⣬岻پᡣ
岻Ƴ˵ʣտݣֿʼҩ
ݵĴ࣬ʱފҩɫݵģǳɫġ
һϤҩʱüչ
ʦ㡣

ڴϵݲȥފԹҩ̫֭ࡣ
۾תһ£бһСľС
ֻ߸ſ죬ǱߵЦˡ
ôǣ
ފ֣˫Цۿʦĵʯǣ˵˵ʯ࣬ôôࣿ
ފ˵ðʯĵңҸмһЩ̰죬ֲҩͲһ֣պҩʱٸóÿγҩü
¶һˬʲõЦա
˵ʵЦƽյЦĶţ񽫴ⷱ۵ףȥʮϣҲиȾ
ֲСʦôǺҡ
˵ҩҩȸɾ
֪ܶ£СֻҪġފõģϲϲԹԽܣʶһ䡣
ֻԼ֪ÿκȿҩʱ׾һţһƽǰء
ފ˵˺ܾõĻ彫õСĵ
ފĶ˹
ĹȫފЩĶ
ǿںﻥײ죬ֻŽźص塣
̶ŵݾģݵָذľϡ
Ƭ̣߹̧ӣɫؽӸϡ
ʱ벻Ȳ衣
ֻ롪ֻܺڶʱފ죬ҲŸʱôڡ
ûжΪ˯ˡ
Сķ´ᣣŵ뿪˴ߣ͵ȥĹ⡣
ʱĬ˶ûע⵽ɫǳؽӽݡ
лҪ˵
Сʦ壺ҲǸõἦ
壺


9 
䣬컹ҹ˼ꡣ
ʱƻȥһµ⣬˺
˿ϵ̬ƽڴڵľ죬׼Ϣһ
ͻȻܼ֪ʲôҪ¡
򿪷ţİԪĿԡ
Ļ֮еİԪδɡһ£ɰϴԵĺΣƺǺˡ
ϵİᱡδˮʪʱȥƮƮˮմȾ/ɫڲ£֣ʮˡ
׸Ϲӿ
Ŀӣ˭
岻ˣΪᷳˣҲ¶˼֡
ʦ𣿡ûԪ˼ţ¶һķ΢Ц
Ԫʣ˵ͣǲ֪صؿ˹ţʦû°ɣ
ʦ˯ˡһڻؾ˶ԷڵĿܡ
λԭûûƤĶܣȻᱻߡ
˵
Ԫƿ壬ײײŵķȥﺢıԹţʦֵı£ʲô۾ʦ˵ʦ񺣿㣬ֻҪʲôܿʦ֡ʦֿ϶ʱע⵽ˣΪʲô˵Ϊʲôװ˯
û̵ޣſǻݡ
֪Ԫݵĳ̶ȣ׷ȥһסԪ˼֣ʦ壬ʦӲʣ㲻Ҫվ
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ûԪ˵λǣҪڣȴ˵ûء
ݿڣͰԪͬʱһ¡
ݵ䣬ƽղ̫һˡ
һֱֵİԪ״ľ뿪Բĵȥ
ߵǰʱһȥ
ݽüָ̧һϡ
Ԫϸ޹ǵһԺ˵ϣʱֲ嶫ֻǰĴƻãڴ᣺Ӱģˮ£л
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ûԪĻᡣڰԪּ崲ʱˡ
һѿסԪԽԽûˣ겻ΪСѹ꣬ʲô˵ʲôԼӦеû̵˷Ц
嶯֣͵ŰԪ⣬˰Ԫĵı飬Ϸţһ֪ܡ
ĿؿһĻ
⻹һοݷ˵㲻档
ʵ˵Ͳ˳ƣ²˵ֺ˼ȥĬ˻ȥ
֡
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֪ΪΣ߰ԪݹǰȲشϢҲӦֻĵ
ЩأһЩŹ֡
˺ܾã̲סüʱϣ٤˵ǺŮޡ
Ůôˣ
岻ɴɻʣôˣʲô𣿡
ӰӲƺһŮޣûԭ˵Ļֻû¡˵صϡ

һͷˮһͷˮ£֪ɲþĺ«λСʦ塣
ܲῴյϵͳƫƫʱߡ
ʣλŮأأ



ԭ˯˲ˡ
ʲôλŮػأ
⻰ôֵֹģ
˵СʦûбԱô
ֶԱô£
СʦôҪŮޱһصˣ
˻Ů˱
ԽԽҧҧ⻰ˣ˵
ֻʵǰֲʵĸоʱǾ񲻳ɾҪ廹Эˡ
ֻһܻ˭Ѱͷ岻òƤеͶӲͷƤ˵Сʦ塭
û
˿ѿǵӣмίáλŮأأ
һ䣬ֶŤͷһ죬̲סĿİͰ͵زһ䣺˵ӵֽˣЦպҵ£ҲŲסԷ룬ҵ⣬ӦòڳŲԷ
һ仰˵õġˣǺˣֻʧȥҲˡ
һ룬̲סͷֻ񣬲û뵽˵仰󣬶ݻ̻ػ
û
˵ںʱһʱ⣬˶⣬ʦ㣬Ѱ￿ãͰ¸ƣԶԶΪҡ
˵ͷµȥֻû뵽ݻôࡣ
ݲƱĻ米һ飿
ԼöԲԣգգ۾ݡƽ׽ˡ̬ȣ뵽˵ЩʱӴ֣ʦ˼ǲǱǸŮ˶Ĳ㣬
ûݻش˵Ǹӣᱧűȥ
֮ⲻͬڻǰǸֱСֱϲ˵ȡ򣬶ָĲ顣
ԸǸƢŶԷᱧһ˵ˣѶԷȥ
ˣⲻ£벻ͨĸı䣬ʱ˾˫۷Ź⣬űӿݣ˵ʦҽ涼ʲôŮ˭ʲôʲôʲôˣ֮ǰʶʶ𣿡
Ϊ棬²˺ü⣬ɵ˰Ҳص᣺ݿڡ
ʦ壿ֽһݲ˵ݣ˯ˣ
֪ݲûǲأֻܸԼһ̨¡
ƫݻ˵˯ˡ
䵭ǱԪ峳ˡ
һЦű˻ȥֻ
ܿ죬ƽȵĺ
崲ϵһ˫޹۾ĺر۾
лҪ˵
Сʦ壺ҲĴ
Сʦ壺Ҫô죿ҸôͣҺýţ᲻Ӱ쵽Һĸ飬ҪϽһ롪ˣҲǸƽƽʰ
Ͼҽ㣬ڻAȥ̫ࡣ


10 
һҹΣʱѾ뿪ˡ
ȥˣ
ͷвѣֻſĴ
ފŶ룬屧űһãȻ̲סЦһ˯ɵˣ
Сʦأ
£һͷ
ފһ緹һ˵Сʦûʲô£ȣڽλƽͣҲˡ
ǰ°͵ס棬˵ʦҪʲô
ފ˵£ʦȥԷ壬ȥʦЩ
á
岻ȥһ£Էˮӣ·;ƽ̹Ƚʺǡ
*
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һ󣬿㣬֦ͷҶˮ飬̵ģŮױı
ʦ⴦·˼¨ŵӣΣӦ⼸ղнµӡ
˵µӲӦõҹ䣬岻֪˺˵ķԸҲ¡棬ãǰ߲Զ˱Žĸ
ӶĸɫҴңӭһ
ʯ⿪ڴкΪյĲǡ
ûڣĿбӣֱӴ߹
һԾ
ſֻʣһ˵ʯţ˶٣ͷһ۸ȥıӰ
ԷƺǸĻᣬߵòּֿ졣
˵Ҳɣ߸ǰŸߣƼʦµʦǣʦʯ棬̬䵭ش˸к
ߵȥԷͽصıؾ֮·֡
ΪԷ߶нأǰԷ·ɭȻ߹·ǰ·ʲô⣬֪ով߽紦㴫һУһŵܹ󻹸񲻶Եޣס޵ʦܡ
״䣬ⶼʲôּ޺ֱײ׷һµӲš
µкʲô
ֱ棬ʯŵò˶ã֮Էͽضзռع㣬ֻôһխ·붼֪ЩĵӱȻײ
ǵ㣬Ϊ˱µ󴳽أֻܵڽǰָԷ˵ȥ
ѵ
ʵжʱĵӶ֪ԭЩĵطǽءڲ·ԭԭɽйһֻܻˮޡ
ޱ첻СֻŲ֪ݡ
֮⣬滹в׶ޣŴֻɱֿķֻܹأܽԭӲܿһ£ʱ˵
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ЩŻ˵ĵûΪⴳأɡ
֪£ȻؿأֻʱŲ·µӱʯͷһ£ֱӳ˹
һ㵵æ㿪©ƫҹꡣն㿪λððʧʧĵӣתֱһĵײԷƵ֮С
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ʵ˵ľɫûʲôͬΪ㡣׳ƫ˿пֲ쳣ĵط˿̿мİݡ
ֻˤ巢첻С˱循ţ۾ⰲĻ棬תͷ塪
ͬʱǽڷĴס죬ֱؽק
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ڼ䣬˻տһȷʱ޷֮󣬲ŴѰһ㰲ȫĵط
ˮȪɿ壬ᷳһ¡
ΪԷ˼ǿס塣
ûЩˤ壬һѳĸûоʱĺƢһȫĵطһưĲӰٿ塣
ڶԷԼʱͲµ˶Է˭Ŀ˸ۣм˵л
ûкõлû㣬ֻж߻У֪㣬ҾԲ¡
岻˵Щģֻ˵Բסˣˡ
ƺ⻰תԼǰȥܿʧ
֪ԼյøϲҲúͣ¡ȸߺһվˮߣû²µֻŲ֪λá
ԣعʱ徹һɫľϡ
˿ͷ׼ӹٲȻ׼˼
һһһһѳ
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Ҫߵʱһ䣺
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һƬҶƮм䣬֯һԣҪǸȻǸĻû˵ڣȴ˵һΡ
ԭתװͰ͵˵ħӰ죬Ӳãƶֲú˵ᷳҲǳ£ҪǿҲ˳ֱۣ˵ҳҲţô£
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һ˵һ߿壬УҰ㡢㣬ΪҶãʲôϵɽ¸ֻϡУҰ˻Ǿˣ
Ǽʦұ㣬ֲͷ಻ģҪ£һȥ㣿㵹ãôþͲֻ˵ЩỰˣҿһĸЩһңֱ׵ظңЩӣһ㣡
Ǳﻵˣž˵ָĩ۾ɻ󣺡Ҳڵʱ㶼˭һǲ˽̻㣿
ǸԵӣ˵ǣͻŰѶԷһ١
徲ָ˵һʱЦˡ
һɤӣǰ˵ղǴ˾£ôƷԺ벻ãƷԲãø飿ʱǾԭһĵˣ˴նҲį
û˵˭Ҫ飬·ȣ˵һûмʦţʦ㰮ţźúõӲʲôӵ£Ҿӣ껵ܶܲű˴ɣ
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ЦЦʵԸ߸һл⣬ֻΪӣ᲻ȥҸºҲöԲסһƬϣ˸ǡ
£˵Ҳ֣ƢãǵһŴ£û¾ðţô࣬һⲻҲˣôӡȥ
˵ֱۣˮ̶ԡ
ʱò࣬۾˵æأ˭пոдš˵֮ǰ˵дͷԿ𣿡
һд˵д㿴´һ᲻дţݻʣУʲôСʦ˵һŮޣŮ˭ѽ
ͷҪʵÿࡣ
̫Լֻ˵һ·˲ϡˣҴȥУ·϶ˣ˲ٶû뵽ԭˮʲôҲԲ£ʣñдţҪԣȻҸ͹ȥҲռط
ƷƷ˼ֲ֧ҡҡͷһЦһ˵ʦһƥϺõӣûã·ͳʳʱһһ̫ˡ
䣬ûзӦƬתͷǺȻӦʲôһ˵ıɴ˫èһۣܻ˵һ·һûʲô·
ԵɵģϿɵ˵˭涨˲·ģ˫۾·Ǹģ㻹ң
֪ǲǱǾˡ
ıЩ˵
ƺЩ⣬ֲԸ忴ƺЦ¸ոպͺþ͸ɫԵԼúܲ档
ıУúȤ
ʱվһΧһ·򣬼˵Ҫˡ
˵䣬תǰȥ̧ûΣʲôŤŤ죬תʱ̧֣ʲô˹ȥ
ԱǶҵתһһšһֽĺֲǷݵĿݣһһĹּ
ã˳졣
û¡
֮ƺǻ˵ʲôΪߣһʹһ伱ġӺõúܣ
š
ƷƷ⼸ֽ֣ٴЦ
룬ԷǱŤŤĿڲһ
лҪ˵
Сʦ壺ֳˡ
壺Ҹ·ԭģΪϲ첹
ϲ


11 ŭ
Цסˡ
ŸĶ䣬Ÿǿװ򶨵ģż߸߾ڿһȦһһȦװģؽֽ˦û죬ȵŹ˵дôţͻһң
ָԷȥô죬һдһ֣дҲϵֶࡣ
͸ͺˣҲ˵ùĸŭ˫Ŀ˵ô٣ôСС
߳ŭҪң
ôܻ
棬յȥĶҪҪ˵ȥҲ±Цû㲻ԺȥҲøдűƽ
Ըģˮ̶һһ˴ֵպõһ֪Ǹ
ɢվУĬĬؿŶˣڵӳ˵ӰӣǸûˡ
ݳĬʱһԵԴϸ΢졣
תߣۺضƶˡ
һһæͷûݶӡ
˭뿪ŵģͳ꽫ʱա
˫ΣҰŶŵʲôû˵һˮ̶ϣߵҪ
ߺתͷӶˣŰĲǰҲȥֱȷ£ӰʧӰ֮УǴû
͸ͺˡ
ҹ︵ģ˵ʣµģɿǰװͰڷţġ
һֱһ߳Զһ˵㿴ӣϲϲһɫĲϣ̬żֶԴѵɣҷˣѿҪ
ΪʲôҪ£ϲ첹ˡ
ɻ̧ۣƼһƥĺɫϣһ¡
ԭ˶֪ϲǳɫˮӵӶǳɫѡСûɫѣފͺɫϸ塭
ʱƺ뵽ʲôһԵĸƥôôԼϲĲϣڵ˵ҲŲˡ
˵䣬򴽣ϴȥƮƺл˵ֲÿڡ
忴ѵùɵŤ֣ͣеĶôֵֹģ
˰˵ϣһ˵һֲ˵ˡ
ཻ֪꣬˼
ңʱĸ˫ԭħܾ˰ۺӣ֮ʦ䵭į嵽ǰһֱ
廹ǵãȥŴǰϦʦĵӷִʦĵӿڲԣǵøЦǸƵؤ
ЩЦСʲôûУ·ͳһð췢ţûһԼġ
⻰ʵﲻζվȺа̮ĸʵڲܣѰʦ㣬óĸµЩ˲ҪһһƥĲҪ·
һԭ·
ʵ˵ոûбϷˣһ·Ǽ£룬ûиĸ£ǲЩһѳȺɸѣô˵ҲȻһ
һ·޸ĸð죬ˡ
˿̼֣֪Ǹֲ˼˽˵Ҫʲô
ڵ˵ӥ
ӥǸԭеļһգֻǺûˣһնûʸӵС
ӥ岻ǲ壬忴е߳ĬãԼǿϼߵţ˵̫ˡ
ڣЩΪѣΪͷۣţ㵱·𣿡
Σ鲻Ը˹СС룬׾طһ¡
Ȼһȥ˶٣͵͵һۡ
ʱҲԣƬ̣óԼ˵֣ðѪ飬Ц˳
Ÿߺ̫ѨʼЩˡ
ĵĺӣڴϣŰյһĻﷺֹ˵ôʦǱߵ޴δôڽȥʱ÷¡
ҪǸʱ֣ײ֮϶û
ԶȰ⣬Ҳٲö뼸֡
ҹѾˡ²ƺ󣬸ľС·סɢĵӣһ˹ȥ
顱һ󣬷ջһ¡һɫǺгʣͱ˵ɷѹԷ
󣬴ŭȭͷ£ηĻš
һſλʦܴһ٣Է޷֮Էͷʣô£
ҶҶ֣
Էְ죬ֱ˼£ų˿ͷʵ˵˭֪Ǹĵô£ŵ黨ż궯Ҳңƾʲôң
ɿ˶Է
Էȴ߷߲ƽ˵ĵΣգȴܲˣֹңʵ̫ˣ
²öԷ˵Լ
õԼҪĴ𰸣̧žߡ
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һ磬ފ˵ҹʦĵӣʦŰͽݣݵʦֵѯʸΪ£ֻ˵Էˬ
ފҡҡͷû˰˵תһЩҩȥ˸Ǳߡ
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ފԸûʲôоֻ͸㣬ފƽҲйעһλ̫õʦܡ
ԴȥȺɽԺɽފûѶҵб˵ĸ
ʱĸֱۣţʯǽ˯ˡ
ŲЩɡ
ǰ󷨣ފȥѴҩǰ
Ӧһ֪ˣֻƢСʦܣ֮ˡ
ފ⸵ĵƽ˵ֵǰҲֻСû˵ʦʦϵ׺ͽʹҲѰ£룬˵Щ㶼ȻΪλҪܲ˵ȥ
˵˵ţފЩ֪ǺģΪɷ¶棬ԭ뵽ʲôʲôôˣһһն㲻򶯲Ѱ鷳ָô죿
ފָ𣬸˵ЩԵ˶ǲӵСӣеλ˻мҶԻʦ¸أʦټʦڣԵ˭벻鷳
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һͷŭҰޣފָǿѹŻＷһ䣺ûӻûӣ
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ފ˵ǵӲ˵ˣǰܵʱһ£һļһԾǰܵţŻŲ·ȥһжᡣ
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ʵ㣬˵ŴˣڽأЩӣһ롢
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ΪԷߣފ֪ʲôʱġ
뵽Լղ˵Ļފæ˸ͷû̧˵ƺнҪ߸ȴûʲô˵ġ
⡭
ފɻؿ˹ȥݲı飬ʵڲ÷ֱݵ˼
˵Ļԥηη̽ʦָʦܣʦçײЩԭվǵ塣ϸ㣬ҲˮӸʦ鷳
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ފ˵ΪΪν̵ķ
ڶСʦľފʦܴ˵ķʽǴģ˼˵ǡʦҲõģʦܱԲʱһܹΪһ׵ˡ
ĻȻãΣ
ފ̹Ȼȷʵ֮СʦվƶϵĹˣʦǸûȣʱʦֶҲáСʦ̫Լܲһ¡
̫ˡǺ𣿡
ƺȥފĻظһ飬ڶһ¡
лҪ˵
Сʦ壺ˣѧˣȻ
ފ


12 Ҫ
ڴǰװһҩģһЩ£ϵĶ졣
ĩʱװͰ͵ѵôЦ⣬ﻹⲻȥֻſڵҡϣһ˵ʦˡ
⡭
ҩĵһ٣ЩŹ֣֪ôֵôˡ
̾һûϢҡҡͷָҩ˵ǲҪ
˫ױһԭī࣬岻Ǻ˽ιֻ֪һֱɱĸˡΪ˰ħŵǷһȥǳӣһֱͬ
޷ֻܽŴȥһΡϧγкջ
Ŵûģ˵ʦҪֺƤȥһη½ãͬеɡ
Ҳ⼸Ѱһӡ
£жꡣ
`Ĵ㣬־ԼǸ׸ЩԱǰ
պ߸ݣ᲻Ƕ
⣬֪£۾Ŷ۵ߣƬ̺˵Сһ㣬Ҳڵӱˡ
һ٣ΪΣ
䲻˭谭ܵĽһ²⣬ϵģɵģžͰۡ
ûСһ£ȴ֪һµ˭ֱʡµ˵ͷ˵ˣ㰲ľǡ
˵䣬Ѿ۾
֪ʲôźѪɫĿԵƣ
״װŲҩַᶯĳһԵ飬ĬĬؿ
ǾĬһ
Ŀװõҩİʣµҩ໥Ӧ˵µĺۼ˭ҲûעĽͣҩݵβů⡣
󣬵֪ջչأ൤ҩȥݡ
·ϣ˵СʦǸˣҲãֻٳһУ֮²ģ˿кܶطעⲻպʦҪڣʲô£ȥСʦ塣ǵãҪֱ˵ӣ
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յվӵʱǹͨһ澵ռ壬ʹСֻССˮȥľӡ
ǸƤǲСԷҲ벻ͨΪҪһ졣
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˵ҲɣǵȺɽԺʱÿǰ
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ҪչأյȺɽԺʮ֡
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һԵ峤մմϲɱ٣ĥӲãŴֵ˵ʵҪ뵽ҵıһһðƸ
⻰˵꣬ϲģҪζΪ˲ȥ
峤ϲʤţû˵ˡ
Ҳû˵ϲϲŰ̵̧תһȦҲȣҲ£ôš
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ʱҪѿϵͳžͷ塪Ҫеľơ
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룬־ƵȷʵԼжº뿪ԭƲرҪ
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ԪһĻ޵ܣֱ˹࣬Ц˵ʦ֣Ҳ볢ٷһںòã
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Ȼ˵ף룬ֵˣʦղһЩˮң߶Ҿƺȣֻǳ̰
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ݵĻˣŰ룬һ˫۾ݺͰԪأŹֵһ
⵹Ҳȣ˵ΪԪҲЦˡ
һԵĴʦСʦܣҡҡͷҪ˵ЩðԪεĻּó˰ɫ͵Ԫǰ˵ǰո׼ġ
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ȰԪѻߣƽ˵׼ɫĻ·ފފ˸ѣ˵ɫ䣬ָ⣬ϣϲ
ѵö԰Ԫ˵ôĻ̬Ԫ˲Դס
лҪ˵
ݣފ˲̫ѧѧأǱʼǣԺĶ˸ɣ


13 
˹ͻʦֵܣ壬ȥƫ
ƫûлҳѻķΧһ۾ܿ˶á
ԪĹˮȫ
̧ͷĿԽϵƿƿ޹ޣֶŰƿǸϸһ⡣˿ůк£ֽбӰɫʯϣǳŵͻȻĨȥ˺˪
ЩįһĻңеľյ
룬ݼչأ־뿪ԭ˴֮󣬲֪ټǺ꣬ˣм꣬ҲƹǰţƬ̡
ʦ塣һ࣬еľ˹ȥǸȰɡ
־ƺȵѾˣܻѾ쳤ûҪԼҲʹ졣
ƶ˵޸ܵĴڡ
֪岻һݲδǿֻӹƷһԣĮ˵ҴӲơ
Ʋǻ£ȻȰմƣһĹˮ֮ͻȻЩ汻ʦ˱ľʲôζŲֱߵİ롣
մһŵǳɫھɽϴֲֽͦ࣬ӲĲϽһЩء˿ͷ޳ĲӴҲ࣬¶һߣԼµİۼ
׵ġƿеĴˮɣϸ۵˺һסĴָϸϸĥ䡣
ƽؿһĨףеһЩ仯ɵ¶һЦʱӿ˵ʧˡ
ûзˣں棬һԹˮھմմƳһûбݣ촽΢ţһ¼ˮεס
ഥ񣬾ˮζûһݻ
ݺ۾ؿʼָ档
ڲҳ̫࣬״ľˮ࣬ζЩѵûƷʲô̲סһΡ
ڶڵľˮ䲻࣬ȴܳᴼ㣬ȷʵǲĺþơ
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ЦЦС죬ȵʱŸѰފ뿪
⺢ʱжȣʱûзִ磬ϣܺúðһӡߺȥĴϳݵ࣬Ӱҡҡͷ˼˵˵ĺҪǻڣҲͰɣ
˵Ǻӳһ꣬˵һӤ
ݻеĲݣٶԣֻҪݵĶû˵ʱ
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ҹ˲Σ½룬˯ò̤ʵûþ˹
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ȹֺص뵽ȥֻʣ죬ҹﲻ˯顣
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Ĵߣ˼㱵˵ʦЩæҪԼչԼˡ
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ҲΪܶ£ٶʲôҪˣĻ˵ֻ꣬˵վǲá
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ʱԭġ
ˮϲķǳϼȾգʮŨ޵һʡ
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뵽ϵмȻмֱֻǱģ˿Ҫ
վóʰõİ뿪ӵһ̣ȿһš
İϣµġ
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˵ԭ֪ܹ࣬Ųܷ뿪ƺǸӣֽ֮Ƶ˵ϡ֪£ֱ֪˰־ŭϷԭػر
Уеºг˵ȥħ̫࣬ϣܴﻰ˼ȽΣգԭݰȫ
˵ÿ¶ԵһҩֻȺɽԺСź֮ιܶ޷ſߣץζҩţʩ
Ҳ֪Եҩˣʱһ϶ˡҪΪԭһӣ¡
㿼ǣһֱݽӴ
¼ƻħʼûи壬ţƵΪŶѡһʱֻҪǰ壬ž岻ΪƭŵնС
ʱǻ˲Ȼŭڣݲῴſƭȥһ汣塣
ݵϣŲΪп޵˵ݣڴӦݲʹһЩСֶΣϸĿԡ
Ǻܵġ
ôݶĹʮİգ֪ߺһᾡȫ
Ҫԭ꣬͵֮һκĲʱҪҪԶ߸߷ɣ塣
ʣµݾһЩҩ


14 
ţ岻뵽ôµҪߵġĸһദҪ뷢ֱ˴˵쳣£ɷ֮ĳĬȴ벻ͨꡭ
Щ˵öԣƾһʱˣԭֻ϶һģͬץֻ·һ²ߣֵԭһֻĺƭ˵αװԭͼŲƿԼմմϲ
һǲͬġ
£ǻɣȴֱӶʹɱ֣ʱݴȷʵ¡
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ڲС
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һƣڴϣŴæе˵Ǹĺݵģû뵽壬ܺݵƭǺӡ
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ŲɣԳڴߵùһ裬ԣûȥ̫ķӦҲûпοܴʦ
żɫƽƺв̾һ˵ˣɣǺӡ޹ҲҲɶɾ裬׼ƣǺΪԼı
֪ˡƺһֱڵ仰ŵ׿ϣݵ̧ȥ
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ˣˮﱸܳ谮Сʦܣ˼µСʦֶ
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ǰ岻ٴɫʵ࣬пᷡ
ͷԼ򵥣Եǳϲ壬һըëè޲ðȥԼԶһЩ
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ݶ˵˼ȤԽˣת嵽һĵıԺһһ˵߿壬ѩɽ峿ƺɫܺãϲ
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Ǹһеߣ˵úвմף˵Ȳ֣ܶȻʧ񣬵·ԣݴδĹעĹӣ·ôǿʽͬġ
ǰɾ˿һ궼һ·ÿʱҪȿ·ʱ䳤һ򲻹Լʲôʲô
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վſڣûбٶĲʲôЦһ˵ԽԽȣ˶ҪðһЩ£һȥ֯󿴿˳ڸ幫ӴЩ
ԣµݵ˵ͷ޶Щɡ
һ˽΢ЦЦƬ̺·ݺȥ
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15 ̸
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˼ˣЦˣָϵͳƯڿеİ棬һʧ̬˵㲻Ҫ̫֣˵ʲôҶˣҲȥСʦ壡

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һյĹĬŴҶǽãסģϵͳҪЮƤһ䣺Ϣ𣿡
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ĿİͰ͵˵εСʦҲˣȺɽԺֻʣһˡ˵Ϊ˼ҪѰ
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ʱţȡ岻ȵڵգǱڻϿġ
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һҪ̧ͷȥݵı飬ȴ̧䣬ڵʯƣû忴Լ

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Сʦ塣
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֪ΪΣĶЩİɢ´һһ٣ڷ࣬˼ֻҡ
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˵Ҳɣ⼸Ѳҹĵôڲ֮Уסصߵٶȡ
һʱ󣬳Աص˵סֻצӣצСƿŵһ˫ԲԲ۾ƼԼͷһɫС
俪ݵϲá
֪Ϊʲôˡ
һĻһЩֻ÷ڵϢҪ
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ظ űǼĵ㣬ŲԼı죬˼ⲻԼķ䡣
ŵ˲ˡ
͵صɴ۾ת۷ǰݣǰµĲȡ
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16 Ϸ
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ͷûκζʵԭ忴ʲô˼
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17 ˵
һµĸǵ˽˵ȿ壬ͬҴ˸壺û£
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ݶǼȥıӰĬĬս˱ס֡

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ָףͷԷ衣
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С˵ɣǵһǱ߰źõȼʡʱҲ룬ҪԼûײͷҪԼûιҪھİ˻¡͸ǲǻԭĵĵ·
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˵غ۾ɫ԰׵֮Уȴذ׵յÿ壬ֻʣһģġ
ǻԹĶ࣬˻˭ܲ˼ϵٺãЩ˵ѿҲҪЩ˵档
ģҾͲôˡǾ䣬ѵģ׵ľġ
˵һǧһֻǲʧȥѣ¸ϲ
磬ûмˡûкõ塢ûǮûеλܵ˴ҵĳ谮ʵеĶԸģһЩذʱһ󲻵ؤ
صֻҪ
еĶĲ࣬ǱԸԸԸһֱ
ԭҪץסʲô飬ȥڶһЩ
룬ֻԼ˵Żаȫֶ
ˣʱҲǰеķ
Ҳ£һξ͹ˡ


18 ҫ
ɫ𽥰ӰҹɫΪһ壬ˮǰС
һʯ·ϣԽԽƽߵ·ʱˣԭϢֻƬ̣忴һ˵ϡ
׼ȷ˵һһԡ
µĹӲԭеɽĺζˮ㣬ϲȴʱڵĲҪõܲס
ŹӱƤʵĺۼգգ۾ûзӦ˼ź̧֪ͷϵĸ
ֵ֦ϣһֻ֧һֻƽţ΢䣬ȥĹ˧ָխ¿ʽ򵥣ȴĵȣһӢε᲻ƿ۾
ǲ忴Ŀ⣬ϲ֪ʱͷƣ񲻺ùķϣεʱƽϣԺұȻҪúһˣ
£ֶݺݵزһ䣺һˣһν˵ȥҲ±˳ЦУңҸҶ㷢ģֻҪ㲻ңһӶ㣬ҲЩ߰¡
ԣһ£һ˵İΧůڵķΧУ̲ס¶һӵЦ
ЦʲôϪ
ƼͻȻЦˣһ˫èһۣɫת¿ȥֹЦ
ȴԸЦ
˿̣Ѿ£ɲ֪ΪΣůȴǴһֱ֣ϡ
ˡ
ʵ֮ǰ˼ǹصһ棬ŲĽ᳹׽⿪
Ϊڣ岻ȥԼ絽ʲô
ڵһУҲࡣ
˵ʮǰʱʲôһȷľ
˵˵ţ۾һɫı
ĸ״ԼҪ˵ʲô
ؿһѺһ͵ʱԼ˺۵ĺ˼˵㲻˺۵ĺ
岻ˣֱ˵ܹɣ㻹ǰǮҩԹΪΪ
ĸײڣױʳסȫһִ㡣
ǲȱĳԴöȣҩ鱦ûٸǮƣݶǮƷ²עӶ˸ǮƵ
ȻҪǮҲݸı︻ԣˡ
ܡ
˵䣬ݸ鲻֪ôġ
ȥչԼʦʱ򣬸һСڳԶ壬ո⡣
룬岻ͬĹϵܡԱݣӦ塣
ûԼƫģԾԼܰݡ
˭û˵ĬĬӣӰһֱûΪλͻȻ赹
*
ڶƽδעħһĸꡣ
ˮûκα仯Сɽӵݶ֣ƺܴ濴һ˿ŵɫԹ
֮ݵؿѹһʯ
֪õϢԼüͷãı鿴Խ顣
ʱ𣬸⺰һʦ
֣˰üģ
֨һ춯̤뷿еĸݵÿÿݶÿģһ˪ֲ֪˵ʲô
ƢƵˣݸǻٵĿԡ
ݵķ䣬ãĩֻһ䣺ʦҪ̫ġΪء
ݵ˵ͷʾ֪ˡ
ûһ˵ҿ塭
֣Щˡ
Ÿһһͣ뵽͸վһʱɣٴαò˳
ˮݱ۵һ̣ٴη⡣

ѳĹ£ĵֵ֪᲻ᷢѿ
һУǰŻ跢˰
֪ʱݾվͬһǻ裬˼صĲ֪ʲô
ſݣæʦ壿
ôһУηѣһܿĿ⡣
ͷݣݱֵһ֪ôˡ
һֱֻ󣬼һֱԼԥƬ̲˵졭˵ˡ
£ݴӱóһ˹ȥ
̧һһƽƽͷ
һͷˮ£ЩãȻͷԭ򣬵ݵķӦܿǸġ
岻ݵĴҲûɹ˵ʱģΪչԼʦһѰҲмֲڣæ˵Լʧ˷ִ磬ʦ塣
ǸͷһŲ֪ô̸ݡ
ݵıȴû˱úÿһЩ
ɫǲã̲סʣСʦ壬ǲ岻
ҡҡͷ˳ĺڷŶҡڣŰ׾ÿĪЩɡ
̲ס࿴һ
ʱ˵ʱԭأ֮һֱڽУû˴Ҳ֪ôദ
һʮ˵ȴӽسΪѴﵽ۷̫ԭ˾ҡңŶҼԸִҲ֪Ρ
̶̵һλ˵Ļģȴݵ˼
λСʦ޷͸Ѱ
ɾԭȷʵȥݵķ䣬Ҳû˵ѻΨһĴֻǲῴա
岻Сʦ岻˵ǴģպΪԼܵĴĥСʦ壬Է뵽ãϸ˵ûйСʦ壬СʦξңмԹСʦ塣
ֻЩʱ滰Ҫ˵ϲ˵
岻ֻݿʲô˵ʲôſھв֪
˵Сʦ⿴ʲô˵ʲôĽޣؾͺñȡʦɽʱˤһӡ
΢΢üطҲˤ
һ㶣ЦЦ֪ʦ岻ᣬҵ˼Ǽ硣㿴ʵǿ˾һ㲻ˤñƼˣǲǻ᲻˼Щ£ʱ㣬룿
ѭѭһһ㿪ݵ˼ά
һ£ޱ̧֣㱧˵ϵ·ȵĴһѿסչʾĵԼ
סϸеȫȲһֻ֡
ݹǽڷĴֽ߬һǿһһײһ˵Ĺ/ɫ
ţһͻᱻקߵĿ־塣Ϊŵ̧ۣȴƽĮ̬һ
ˡ
һ£˵֪˵磬ˤˣұСɽӣ·øˡʦʱΣָô˵
û뵽Դ˾
˰Ƭ̡
۲ۣȻһʡ
һʱûӦʲô
ݱ鲻䣬ٲ˵㲻ңڸǰӦ˵𣿡˵˵۲ۡ
壺
⻰粻˵

⻰߳ӣҫ
ҫʲôҫĹˣ
뵽סͷЩͷۡ
ֱ˿巽ҲŲǲԸʣǽ̵һ۵¡
Ŷࡣ
ݵĲ˵ˣͼ֮֮ܲ
ʱСʦЩðԪСʦˡ


19 ͬ
Ԫʱûݡ
ƺľٶǵʼŤ
ûݶʡ
СʦЩ׷ߣĥô޼֦辣Ϊ㱵Ǹζصͷ
ڲ˼˷Сʦĺ⣬ͷͽͷոڣСʦһֻ°ͣһֻ̧ʳָ΢ŵ죬ճȥͷ˳
촽΢š
´Ŵӿдˮ⣬ɵˡ
ЩӦոշʲôֻ֪űָ⣬Ūһʪסݵָȴû赲Էͷóȥ
ʲô
üӣΪͻȻĶЩȡ
Сʦ壿ԣֻúࡣ
ȴӾȡ
չʾŴóͷü˵ιġ򴽣ʱ鲻ãʦͻһͷȥСɽι㡣ҿȥȫһͻһЩ
ԭͷ÷
ֲͷζء
֮ǰûι˵ġôһ֣Եܼ
ֲʧ̬ĵ˭һȣٶ˵æĵͷһкۼġ
ݹɵģһ˫۱ƽն˼ů⣬㲻Ҫˮȡ𣿡
˵ͷ
ȥɾʱһӣ˵롣
֪ʦԼʲô£ֻܸŵȥ
岻鷳ݣߺתȥҸĻصˮӣŷˮѱڷ֮У˺ѽ롣
ݺ͸׼Щҩòˡ
Щɥ˵֮ǰʱò˶֮ȡû뵽ȥˡǼ·ˮ
⶯û˵ֻͷΪ˵ȥˡ
á
˵ͷСĸ󣬾ܲ
Ȼֲĸȴ˻ꡣͲȵ˵ϵ֦
ʵ֦ѵ첻󣬿žҹ켸һ
һԿصʱ񣬴ŭȣ˭
Ų֣ʦµʦų/ǹӹս׷һǣϹ˼ֲϲɫ
λʦֶʱͷ
ǰҲ˵ԭûٵˣΪǰħøԭʱڿ࣬ʱ̵ӣͻǼҳ㷹ֵѿǴΣǰλʦִַ
λʦظӣܲ˰˰ħĸԭﰵ˸鷳ƫ˻Ӳˣ˶ҲûֵʦʶûԵʦô
ټλʦֻǿ˳ۣ塭˼屻ʦı壬ֻѵ⸵ҹﲻЪˮʲôϲˣֽֹ߶ħĪҲԭˮӣ
⻰ζ̫Ũ
͵͵ܵǲˮǰ¡ִҪͷݳ档
Ϊ鷳Сʦ壬øԷһʶΪץס˸ֱۡ
Ȼϡ
λʦֵƣҧأ絶ȴûгֵ˼
ˡ
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Ūòʤ䷳ߵʯ˦ֱۣһƨʯϡ
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ʣôʦֵƣԭ˭˵㣬͸Ҵȥ
˵ϻͷӵˣ壬õͳܻ˵ںһ𣿡
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ĬƬ̣˵Ҳ֪ħԭ˿ңֿƲסԼƢʱһ϶⡣
˵ʵ֮ǰҴδҪһֱԭȻ᲻ʦҲֵʱ֡Ҳѣ̹ȻطݲңҲǿ⼸ϼңһǲ麦ĸ֣Ѱ뿪ԭס
屻ЩŪɵˡ
û뵽Ĵĸ˽Ĵ㡣
˵ЩߣɰͰ͵˵ʱǡҪߣҲֽԺ󲻺ûʦ
䣬Ÿϥжϵıʮרע
뿪̲סȥѰȣΪ֮ǰûҲҪǡڲһˡ
׹Ϊʲôһȴһ䣺ôһ
ͷҵ
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ţ
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Цˣ˵ϻҲûиұҵĵӡ˵䣬վˣȻȥȰһҪǱˮӡ
ʲô
ҵ·üëǰеӥҪȡԼĶ
ԣȻһЦ
վŵһ࣬ĬĬǵĶԻȵǵӰʧǰջĿ⣬ˮӡ
븵岻ͬˮӵ׵شķ󣬲ķ䡣
ڵİڼûκα仯ҩղ޲
һжͣȥա
ݻһܣߵĴԾ£һְֻ崲ϵı죬ϵĻƣһְֻԼ彣ϡ
ʵ˵˿̵ôĴָʣ֪ν֮Ҫʲô
пڳȥ
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ʱվ⣬ٶΪ޿˼֡
ʵ޵ĻЩ˲٣ӲЩ׹ʵƷϣ٤嶼ȥ̸
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ԼòǴȴЩΨһһεõʱ롪
вһǴ
Ҳǡ
Ǹʹʵǿ໤ӵҲȲøһ仰
ʱҲ룬е̫ˣԸÿһֻĲףӱԸá
е̫ˣȫ壬ЩҲֻԾȣֵһᡣ
߿˵͸еķһԲʲô縵
ֻǵøŵȴԼѾסҲһֱ
ľګԴǣÿο嶼ŵò֪˵ʲôö֮õġģǸģʲôûС

ΪѾǧ
Ҳ嶫ǶУ縵ĵġ
˵ʲôζҲ֪ΪҪһֱڽϡƳһϵǼɫ·üһ㺮˪ˡ
Ƭ̺ɿŽ֣ʰõҩһʰ׵󲽿ңֻûǼ·
ָƿľŵǰһ̣뵽˵ʱʧ䣬۾һعͷڻҳƯķϵĺ¡
ʦʲôķŶȣɵһ䡣
ϸµϴ֣ٻ˵˵һ鱦񡣡
񣿡ˣʵҼ֮ǰҲһ鱦񡣡˵ͷҪڣݵ𡪡
ôЪ
ԣࡣ
鲻ã߽˵ղȥˮӡȥʦ쿴һ£˳ְЩ
лʦ塣
İڰ淢˼·Ϊõҩ
Ҵҷһ飬ȰԼÿһƬϤĺɫ
·
û뵽ݻ·ʱЦˣͷСʦˡ
лϵıЩ䵭ֻ˵ʶ꣬˿ס
岻˼ЦЦ޷ݣݵıѾϰߡ
ƺӺǰʼһģĹݣӦദ
Ҫߣæסݣóһҩƿ˵Сʦ壬ҸõҩУ۾һҪҡ
ˣҲҵģ
ЦˣСʦʲôȻˣʲô˸Сʦһݵġ
û뵽˵ݿ˿·˳ǣû˵


20 
ʯ˸ˮڣӶͷ䲢ü䣬µ¶Ȳ֪ȡ
ɢųʪĺڷŵµںرϣͼúˮڶĻ档
ɡ˭ϥǵ˭ĺ󱳣
Ҵ㡣
˭һᣬ˭ϣ

û·
Զᱳ㡣

Сʦ壬ûп
ô
Ҫ
ɻζ
ĿüͷԽԽһſÿ£֣߰ފӰͻ֣ƿɵǽ
ȴһ䡪
Сʦ壬ˣ̫Լһ¡
Ů˵š
˳˼ȥ룬һıӰΪʲôֿܷɲýֿ
δ𣡡
һ̣ˮµƷŴһӾ˼Щħˡ
Լľԣرϵһ𣬳̧¶һ˫ӵ۾⥡
鲻õƬ̣ʯ˵ҿҪȥһˣȥظǣҪ뿪ʱ֣˭Ӽ˳ȥҵ£ǲġ
仰ĺ壬⥲ҵ飬æȥ˽ء
ߺְ̧סؿڣֿʼ
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ͷ
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Ҳеġ
ſھʯ󷽣۾ƶŸţ֪Ҫʲô
֪һ˫۾һֱԼ˦˦ʪܵͷżصϡ
⥿վָץʮֽһ㡣
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֪⥵ĸ飬Ȱץ㰴մСͷںã֮˫ϸָۣ׼סСӻغ
˸ͷ𼸸ʣµ˰죬Сĺ͵ڶСķֱװſʣµ㣬ѡѡʣµڶ󡢵һ
֮ǰѷŴϸزùմŵĲݶСĵժȥһȣǸͺ㣬ֹûмݣ¹ȥ
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ݺ壬һϲȴһ㶼᲻αʺһᣬܵõʲôóԡĶύԷ顣
һȣݵİԵЩġ
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룬ֵֻܾ㣬/Ů·͡
˼ˣЩݸۣòС֮¡
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֪㣬ϵʱһģ˼ɫãȥԺ¡
ͷĶԼ׽˵ϴ˵֣ɫлȥɡ
࣬ҪȥĵطҲˡ
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˵ͷޱڴδ֪ľɫ˵ﻰĺȥֻУ뿪ԭ
岻֪һеĵݴ˿վ˵ֻҪ壬ݶšţʲô֪顣
ԭڿֵ⥸֪ӵϢ˲ʱ˺
ԼĴڸУɻǱ˷ˡ
ƽƳһ⥣ݽеĺӵתȥ
⥿ݵ飬Сĵظһӣͷ⥺Ȼ˵
ѻӣ
⥲һ٣֪ΪԶǧ֮ħͷ
С˵ǡ
ʱ̧ͷһ˫ڳ۶ͷζ˵һ䣺ǿǸõطء
ʲô˼ҲóȻӻ
ʵֻҪǽĶ֪ǰ˵ʲô˵ʲôҪʲôܵõʲôģֻǸ岻õˡ
壬ݲǰɵĻᡣ
ˣ̸Ļܽӣܽӡ类ҹɫֲõԤС
ȺɽԺЩԾ
ݻİڼµʳݱ·һ˵̬֮ǰһ
ʲôԼľګʦ˱仯
ʯϣͷȥߵߵĵطڴǰӰ
Լԭп塣
ȺɽԺСɽͣǵݿʼЩ顣
ȷʵġ
գҪȥձȥʦŮôˡ
Ҳ£Ҫ͸Ƕʰһ£ǳɢġ
֪£۾δ뿪ԭһʱϵϲȸԾβס
ӦĻû˵ڣϵͳҪȳˡ
˵ɽܴܲȥºӿһۣ
ݳºӣ
ǸǺӳ֮Ƶĳºӣ
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ݴӦǰ˵ˣǺ˳·Ҿһᡣ
¡˼˵ȥȥ
ºӡһõط


21 Ź
˵߾ߣһ磬¹壬˵׼ʱ
ʿУһ㲻Լµ޾һûޣýֻøһ׼ݻǰ׼
ĲȺɽԺޡ
˰ŵԭһȣ֪ÿӺ󿴵˲ֹݡ
û뵽᷺Ҳڣһ¡
һЦ޲ýֹϣü۴ЦЦ۵ףһ⽻̸
û뵽ˣΪ۲죬ĲӳһЩ
󷽵ĸȵòͷ̧СϣſסСȣ᲻ص¡
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һʣһ߰ĽףﶼܸܵΪݵ۾ƶ̫ˣݵǳвסκÿסԷʱ̲סӶǵҪô˲ܺ
ʱʱ䳤ˣҲ÷꣬ŶԷµϸ󣬺޲ץڿкҧһڣԴ˳ĵ׷Ƶ
ֻ뵽ֳѲǯƣ޳ָƾֱָۣĵΪŶʧĻ桭
̫˽ˡΪ岻ãӲץĽų𲻷ţûκηġ
ţԺĻƫ⣬ٿ屻סȣһ߲סѵС
ΪʲôҪȣ
֣ǴӺʱʼ
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벻ͨʲô
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ǰûзָˡ
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
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СʦΪʲôҪַڽϣ
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ؿƣĴߣûãǰˮ˳ˮߣƼһڷڵݵӰվںС
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22 ı
ΧһԶȥ
ŵĻִٲվǰΪţһʱ˰е·ȥ
ҲҪֻ΢¹⣬ϸϸ軭üۡ
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֮ǰ￴Ļ档
ʱ屧ފļ֮תͷ΢ĺڷƮ˫ƺؼõľ

Ҫһֱ˫ΪҪ֣
Ը¶ִֺαػر⣬αҪֱԼ벻Ҫܷ֣ܲ
뵽Իҵ˷
ʵֻ֣ǵĽ賤Լħʱס
뷨ûͣãފĻܿ켷ݵģóĽۺފ˵Ĳ˶١
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ħҲãִҲգһлѶԷ뻳УˮУȥֹлҳ
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ͬʱɽȽҧأɳֵ˵ؿڣ޷̽ȥ
ʱţ־ɽԽŲɴ˿ؿڵĽò߲ɱɱˣֻ뷢һ
˵˾ڶٶһЩûĻᣬýָŵ˫۾Ľȩ̈ˮƽ֣ɵסĽ⣬ָһǰѽӽ˿ʼѣ֮һֱѵɽ塣
ֻһһɢ
ɱɽ֮ʧĵطעſԼ֣治ɫԼָ
ȵǼȥԼεֻ֣ſٴһܣ飬ƺҪ֮ǰࡣ
лҪ˵
ݣ壬Ҳˡ
壺㿪ľͺá


23 չ

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ǵֲðȻؿŲΪ
Ҳûж룬ֻǰָͷһеߣӹֱʵ٣վݵǰмʤµƣ˴յʨߵӡ


24 
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⻽ѵӲϹžӨ¶ˮǳɫѹδѵĺɫˮľ̬
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˵ÿԼǰݵĶ飬˫˵
ȱʯ
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25 Ҫ
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26 Է
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ûܰԪǺǰףŸС˦ϺͷͷһһֻϺ
˵ϺգһۣŤͷһƣĸߴĺһԣһԲмı鳰ЦԪһѱƣͻݵذϺͣš
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Ͷһ£ΪﲻζİԪû뿪û˼˵˼ϣѾ걧ˡ
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¿ӣٴΰ˰üġ
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֪ȥеİ룬¶ȣȻ̾һתȥݵķ䡣
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˳ֻֿȥվһմӡ
Сʦ壬ȥˣ
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⻰ĿɾͲˡ
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˵գǿ˵ҪСʦԼֲ㣬ҲιСʦ塣֮ǰһѲ˼еݵ֮Уһ¡
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ԭΪĴ֮һаħԿɵ˽ԴޣȴһĬĬŵĴڡ
ַûСǸεޣӺԷʲôͷ
ʵޣֻǶ˵ȣȴһȲ̫һ˵սʳ˲аˮϣһ͡
ûִСʦ/𣿡
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йεĻûɱ˵Ĵſֲϸ֮󣬱˾ɱԣаء
ֲÿô
ĵЩħȻ˺µĶѺɰݣ˵Ǻл񣬵˵Сʦ岻ңҲҪСʦºˡ
ԶİȫǣûƾܣֱӴ˺µĺɰȻͣһźɫıʯϣãȴûж˵ֻѶ塣
һЩС⣬á
˵ͷûãҪȥǰ˵һ
ˣ㰲Ъ
ܾƬ̵飬ݲŶ˼µķǰɾ򿪷ŵһ̣ϺȻһֻĴֻֽ֣ؿǿӲĻƣ֮ǰĳҹԷץס
ţ̵һеĺľ̻һ࣬ʧȥƣȫȥ
ž𣬷ɽĲ֭Ƭɫ°ϡ
û֭Ⱦѣµ˾ͱססһק˻ȥ˲յľϡ
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ɫֱǰζͬȺܺõɴᣣӯشϷ䣬˺촽ŵϣһ˿˾ȵ΢
ԷͻȻĶסϵ˵һֲСĵסڴ츽ĺڷظܵ˷㡣
ĶҪɤ˳ȥ
ϣͻȻԼѹԼϵݣġ
Сʦ壿
Էʵֱ۰סŴϷԼˣ˿ڿˮ
̫ˡ
ԭһЩʯķ߲ã忴Ϸʲô顣
ʲô屻úʹüСʦ׽ƣԵмּꡣ
Ƿ꣬ݵͷԼĴ˵
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֪ԼΪʲôҲ֪ΪԼҪôݣ۾ŬǶαļ䣬Լһ䣬Щ䵭˵ֻϢá
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ֻϢá
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ôˣ
ΪСʦ壿
֪Լʲô⣬첽뿪ݵķ䡣֮û߶Զ˴һǳɫѵ
ԷЦؿ˵ҵܾˡ


27 ɱ
Ǻϲң
ڿջһ¥ڵλã嵹һ裬ĽëŨܣЦʱβᱻ޵סȥ޺
ϲ𣿡Ҳ۾ĽëŨܣȴ̣ȥ
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һ䣬óݸǿʯģƵǰ˵ϲҪʯĵԵʲô
˵Ե˵ˣǼĸҪһʯġ
𣿡ȴ˵Ҿ֪ԪĽСʦ壬ֿʦ廤ң϶ʦʯĻ䵽Դ˼ŭİʦ塣
ԴϬȫӣ̴áԪļƣ˼ңȻץסСӣٰ˵Сʦʱ㲻Ѵ֮ܳȥ㲻ϲˣһԪȴûгҵı£ҲðԪĴ°¶޷Сʦ塣²ô㣬㶼
˵ģҿɴδͷһڲ裬ɫ̹ҪʯģΪĸס㳣ԭ֪ܲĸھȨĴ󳤹ϵʯģǳТģֺαذô˵ֻǰݵĺѣûλԪ֡
֪£Ҳ⣬˻˵ˣνС¡̫ܲ˽ңᷳʦܲСʦ壬Ҳ
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ҲȰֻ˵㣬Ҫһ¡
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ҲȨ຦ȡᡣͰԪͬӦҲóᶯ˼ּ꣬һȣԪ벻㡣
˵꣬ǿƵǰʯվȴҪôȥԪ
֪ôģȻ˵һ䣺Լ赶ɱˣֻװ֪¡Ҳ԰˵СʦСʦ㻹ҡ
⻰˵̧꣬ȥ
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ѡˡ欵Ůӳ֣̾˿Ҫʲô
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ˮ̶ϵľʯһòӦĵ̾˿ͬĿУһ㣬ֱӷƼ䣬ûöþ͸ϵǡ
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һµӱŰԪľصʹüۡһ΢ǿڵķ䣬ȴŲÿһϸСı仯
Ż򣬰ԼźÿĵطԪ˵ʱذٻмر𡣡
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ЩĿӱʲôûУտʱͨ͸ȥᷢ֨졪ǲѩһ
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ϧĲˡǾҸġ˵䣬ѪɫİԪݿʬ˶࣬ʬҲֳ࣬ݲԲʬҪûŪһЩ𣿡
ôƽϣʱˣֻܹԼסڶ𣿡ʵú棬ҽҹڷϵȸǲǾʹˣ
ݵĻԪͫſ죬Ѫﲻס£һɿ־ʹŤʮֲֿ
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һ˵һץԪĺڷ续һü۱ƽ˼⡣ţóһذף׼˰ԪĲӣش˽ȥ
ʱı棬ȴɢ˽в׼⵶̽ȥĽǲ⵶̽ȥĽ
ĶԪӳ鴤£ܿŭ˫Ŀ
ɱ˺վɵ۵İ㡣
һ㻺ײײ˽ȥݣʲô
ݲŲæŰ㣬̩ȻؼһԼûºۼٲ죬ƽ͵֮ǰڽʱҾ˵ڻ֮ǰ뿪ңұȡǻʲô£ұ㲻ȡǻԼģӦǵ£Ҳû
زڵ״̬̫ԡ棬ֿаӣ밢ʱû
֪⣬֪ȰݣҲǰڷֻ㶼ɱˣ㻹ҹʲô
ݷһˣǺֵ𣿡
˵ӿ˲õԤС
лҪ˵
Ƕ
ݣɴ


28 ͬ
ҡҷɫůµĿͷ
еذףϵıƽʱһϵİδΪһʬʲô仯
ˣҹĿջٰ
֮⣬Ԫķﻹһˡ
һɰ뷽ȥİԪһģһΨһԪĵطֻһֻϣһֻµ۾
ҲΪ˫ڲͬ۾ȥЩڡϻۡ
֪Լ˫۾ûãɰԪİ˼ãҪ絽ʲôʱ򣿡
Ƥ̧̧һ£
ô
ݱʵ÷ˣࣺ˶ˣܲܰպʺϼ޻ѡͲðˡ
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ֻɱˣҪﾡã
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˲ͬΪ̫ɵݶܹ֡
΢ĲͬżҲ׳ŵӶ˵䡣
ԭͷôģǲˣС
ᵽʦݲذ׵ʱͣ£һ£˵ʦҵģеˣҵģҲеҲ
ʶ塣
˲һȱаϲŭ֣еĵأԭһġ
ϲϿЩ޹أ֮ԳɳΪԭҪӣԭŽ̵ǰ£û̫뷨ʦʦô˵ôЩΨһϲŭ֣˾塣
ֻߣǸŵˣҲԼһϲŭֵˡ
Ϊ壬ἵʡῪġẦߡʧ
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ݻɱԪ㲻⡣Ԫ̫룬֪ΣʱݲȥģֻӸԴ˽Σա
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ѧúѣѧܼ򵥡
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ٶ죬¾ҪԪһ³
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ʵܲˣǿһȥԿô¡ߵʱ⸵ʵңڳʲô
ЦǵصϰףЩµĴ˼ңڰȢʱϷǰһǳǱүҵСȢףȢԶ޹ġ
ߵĹأǹﲻҳޣһլӺͿջסҼҿջڳŵϺţүͰ͵ڿջͼլǰϷӳϷóտ֡
˰죬ûڳʲôһ䣺⳪ʲô
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ΪԵηᵽ˵ԣձ鶼˰졢ɫɫɫסɽֵɫˮɫǳǱ̨ϵˣ֪ΪΣһ䡪
ԣˮԡ
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ʱ
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Ҫʱ룬΢΢һЦʦ壬Ҳɡ
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ݱĿ񣬰Ԫ֪ʲôһ˫Լ֣һκ˽̸ģ
鲻ãûĵ˼Ҳˡ¼Уֻ鲻ʱʱһЩ顣
˵һ룬һ£һת˵ˣҹ˵š
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˸ƺϧǿʯбģ
ôһᣬ崧ʯĵ°Ԫ͸֪ˡ
۲ŰԪı飬һûԪʣûԪȣŪԪʲô·ݺ͸һǰһ
ʯģ
Ƕ˵ʲô
ǰǾǸ˵ġ
Ǿ˵ġ
򴽣ԪûзӦЩʧҲԸḵݣܵؽһ¡
ûдӦȥκˮת˵ݣҪҪκˮ
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ճݱ˵ȥ
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˭Ҳû˵뿪ǣ·κˮʼǰС
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󣬵һǻʱһֱڿʻ˵ϡ
ȥԭǸ˵Ҫȥ
һ·Ҳ̵ˡ


29 
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⣬ɽһͷ𷢵Ŀ˧ָſеԵŮ˵֪ĸŵˡ
⳵ܹɣǽвŵССɡŮ̧ͷüҪ𣿡
á٬һЦʦץΪߵ˶ʲôǰץ׸ʦʦһܸˡ
˵һЦҪ֣ȴʻ
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ߺ󲻾ãݿ߾Ҳ˹ȥ
л˵ûиݡҲл˵˲ıϣݺ͸ߺͬʱ
Ȼ󡪡мһʮְµӰ
һֱǽ̸İʱӲǼм䣬ûվһ
ǶԼڨڨһЦĿİͰ͵˵ҪȥĶ
̬䵭ʦܺ棿ҪҪһȥ
ڳȴæ˵ͷðð
ӦЦЦؿһۣûоܾ˱ȼУһͬǰɽ֡
⥱ںӱߣʧķ򣬲Ǻܶ˿̵գֵֹֻġ
Ҳ֪Сʦû
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ݵ£˵ЩͲˡ
ˣСĵŲ˫ȣ˵ħǰԵ޹ʳ㲻ȥ𣿡
ȥˣһʯ˸ˡԳ֪ȶµ£ԺҲˡ
һ˵ãҧҧӲͷƤ˵ô벻ԣΪһֲ˵ϲˣŻһֱòϲֽ֮Ծû㣬˺ã˺öҪˣʲôˡ
ίȰݣֻȥһֵĻ
ƺܵʲôݳƬ̣˵ȥл
û˼ڨڨһЦ
ݽаԪԭһֱû̫Զ˿̼Լæص֮УҪʰԪ£ͼػƽƽصһ档
óһסӣ˵ּĵúܿģ
⻰֪²˵ľǰԪ˵ġ˵ͷʦ˵ģ˵ʲô
ݻգһۣû˵ʲôֻ˵Щζ
⻰˼ǰԪݱԹ
Թݰ˳죬
뵽Цһ˳ݵ˼·ȻȻΪԪֿʼˡ
ЦЦʦǲˡ
һ˵
ݻü˵
ֻ˼أСƢ˽㣬岻ãΪСգҲظһƽϣֻǵڶˡ
лҪ˵
ݣ壬ĽԪ͸Ըֱˬңֻ֪
/û


32 
ٴνаϳʱİ㷢֣忴ԼĿʮֲơ
ɵˡ
밢Ŀԣȥ̰㼸䣬ɿǵݻ岻뵱ݵ˵Щ̱Ļˡ
Ϊﲻˬϵȭͷúܽ
ţֺһסϵ֡
סһ㶣¹˲ðԪڣֻŤͷסԼݡ
֪ĵľȳ̶ȣסֵݵͷɫķ˿໬䣬˳Ųǰ
úÿ˿̵ʹڷģƽʱһЩĳö̲ס࿴˼ۡ
ϸָݽǰȻ͸ŵ۵ָ⣬Ĵָһʳָϻһ˿ڣŰ˿ڶ׼ͭѪ֮ͭϡ
ʱ˲˵ɲԼ쳤ӿ棬֪Ƿб仯
ӳֱ仯ٶȱȰҪ졣
ǵѪոھϣӾͺ˲ʱúȣƱӽ˻¯֮С
ûӵı仯ָ֮˵ҩ
еҩݡ
գգ۾
ָָ׾Ưָŵɫҩ࣬ϸϸСС˿ڵλá
ָ˿ڲʹĸܲԷָʱĴࡣ
עһĻָҩɢŵĻ㣬һ˲ʵ⡣
ʵָʱ䲻µĴڸȴʮŷòһ
Ӳָָ֪о
ָһ̲סԼ֡
ɫƽȴƶֱѹָѹԼߡ
Сʦ壿
ſ죬˵ЩʲôתȴϺⱩǧߴӾ˳ˮƮĺ壬Χ߲뿪
㿴һʶ˵һ䣺ɱ˶ˣ
ϱӵжȱ£
ֲֲѹ
һ̾ݺ˭Ҳû
ΧŵĺߣߴзֳãȻü
ˣֲˣʲô˼ΪôɱѹϵĶȴֻ
屻˵һͷˮתͷȥݡ
üݲЩ̰˵
ʵݻֲ򲻺õ֪
⣬ʱۣʱͷۣʱ飬ɲͷۣӹǷ飬Լʱ⡣ֹŹֵýͣҲ˵Ҫ˰жʲô䣬ǰ̫࣬ѹһЩҽβ˵ĥ
ֻ֮ǰݲˣûʲôö֮Ҳ¡Χֵߣʲô
ʱ˿̣ĺϸ˳ָָСĴָ֮ϣ¶һض̶̵ͷ׼ͬĵط
ΪΧĺ̫࣬ûڴСеİ㣬ҲûܶЩ߳˼ݣֻԭǰʲôˡ
һˣɱô˵ĻᡣֽôɱĲǱսɳĽǡħ
ԭ֣ɱô˵ԭʷУС
ֻǲ֪ΪΣɱЩֻ߲Ҫ
*
ְѾֹͣѪ˿ڲš
غýֻ֣ڱץϣһԪһ߰ԪӿϴɫҰ׵Ľ𷢵ӡ
ǽǰĴ󶴾ʦ޲õòˡԪħ򻤷غͽܶ棬ʣ濴ɫƬ
ӵ˵ͷ
غʣҲ˻ˣ
ֵ˵ͷû˵Լץˡ
֪Ϣغã˼˵Һ£ڻǡζ¡
ӲԵ̧ͷʦ
غվԣص˵˻ǣҺ²ΪУǶǲҪˡ
ӵ˵ͷ
غ˵ҵݻԭ˲ùܵ£˸ˣΪζ£бˡ
Ӳ֪Ϊħ˻ô壬鲻Ըص˵ͷ
һʦתóһ͵ǰ˵ҽڸضǮׯȰƣģúá
ʱӯлһʦԼĹģʦ˵
úչ
ӣ
λ˺ƽﲻʦһ¶Լĵһ棬Լ಻Ҫ
ӣ֪ˡ
*
㿿壬ϸϸ۲ãһָĵطǻǣʱһ¡
˵Ҳɣ֮ǰƫҪǲһħޣ岻һ밢ȥģһʱź
ûҲ֪Լ岻ǰйءȻǰݶ£ʱǲ鲻ҲֿܲڡֹֿܲڣӰҪԭԴЩġ
ݶһģĻȻԽǼǰǧݡ
̴Ҳڲ֮˵ҼӾغ²޹ʳڻǣʶ鸽ʲô쳣ĵطɽȼˣҹ˵һɽǲǰǧݣǡ˵գ̴ӽһݡ
ǴݣŤͷݣʱҲˣ˵ߵֱ˵ʲôʲôǣѹծʲô
ݵͷһ˿ʼȥ
ڳϣʶϵĺ
ãһʲôҸҲûϵһĳԵ䲻ֲһǸ·ˣЩծǡ
֪˵е˵ͷ
һֱһʱƤ˼
ûã˰ֱۡ
ݺĶϸ뵽յĴ򶷣æ˸һ£ʾ⸵Ĺݡ
һ£вϲЩĪ
ľͷһ¡֮һץס֣õǲƤˣ
ָˡ
̣һѳԼ֣תͷеʣСʦ壬Ϊʲôһֱֱۣմʱ𣿡
ѯʣǲ̫˼һ㣬תͷٰԼֱֻۣ˵ûʲô
ôûʲô
̴Ӹߣץݵÿ˶Է䣬ݵĸ첲Ϸ˵ĺۼ
ô£
򴽣û£ֻǴʱͻ֣Ļܵߣ񡣡
岻ʣ֮ǰ˵
ݵӲû˵ֻ̫࣬ҵ¾ͲҪˡ
˵⻰ʱ󣬿̬ʮࡣ
ԣһԵĸ˹Щɻüͷ
ЩǡּһԲԼﻰ˵ȥΪһ£ڵˣһ¡
ݵֱۣóŵҩ࣬һָҩһ˵һ˳ǣȥ
Ҫһüӻˡ
Ÿ˵Ҳûע⵽Լָݰʵֱء
˵գֻǣǰʦġ
뿴˱ŤŤӣⲻֻľͷԹ⵱˵˵ҲǺ죬ֻފʦ˵£Щģ
Ȥʲô£
Ĩҩͣ£ֱϵĺʧתͷȸݵ˱裬˵λʦǰʱһλʦֽΪ£λʦֺܲ飬λʦ㣬ȴôƽʱû˵Ū֮˲ᡣ
һΣλʦ㲡ˣ˼ҵĵ¶֪ҽޡҩЩʳһԼĵ£λʦĵȴܲˣûλʦ㣬Ҳú˵ʦܾöԷԼö֮Ҳ͵ˡ
忼ǵǰһƤһʦϣַʽݺ͸˵ĵ㡣
˵ʾԵС£ʸô
ȤΪʲô

ݲƸ̬ʣλʦµģ
ʦ塣˸ˡ
ݵ˵ͷһȥ֮ȥʦ̸̸
ɵˣȥңʱٲ޴ˣæʦΪҪȥʦ壿
˵ĻҪгڳ

ʱһֱһ࣬ŬԼڸеİҲһ䣺Ҳе£㻹ҪˣֱΪŰǰҵ뷨ǲеµġ

ǵĻܳһʱûл
Цݲͨˣãݺ͸»ǽȥܺˡ
лҪ˵
Լʦͽ飺Һܹ尡
ԭķչ壺ļ


33 
游
ɫһ׹ǡ
źɫվڻǸɽ·ĳǳأŴƹ˵С
˵䣬˻عͷ˿һһֱ򻳳ǻƶİ׹ǣͳϻ飬ʣûҵǿҪƴˡ
ǱŻƹ˱۾˵ССãʶԷ˵ĶȾƣ
һ̾˿ԣ˵Ķһ䣺˵ҵһԹǣ飬ֻʣûҵҵʣԹǣǾͿ԰ԹǻˣȻʲôҲˣ
ŶŶŶͷ˵ͷˣһӦ˼ȴתһ˵Ҫ԰⣬ء
ŹͷŷԳ̾һ
ǵĶˣЩƣѹͷԼ͵游ǳ⡣
*
ϵͳѾжʱûгˡ
ʱ䣬ϵĺߣԵ⿪᲻ϵͳֻ᲻뿪
֮ǰǲͬ˿ڶ࣬־֣·ԲǾ洦ɼС̯в·ͣפ
ǺóԵĺģſڴڿ˰졣
һ˫۾ųҪȤָסһ
屻˼ΣҲֻͷŸģͼѸƿûע⵽ɫķ˿Ϊ˿̵Ķ
ʱǰ˼¡
ݾһ࿴ţָϵֵ㣬ȴû˵Щ
ŹŹֵٴηˡ
ָ˻ǣɵ˻֮ͷȴʼĴתָȷķλĶ
ǿ˰죬ڳ˼أûзֿɵĵطΪȷ׼߶׼ĵǲǻǣ뿪˻ǡ
뿪˻Ǻͷִָֹ򻳳ǡ
ʵͷۡ
ݱȥпǰ뵽ҹ£ǰᲱ˼Ƭ̣˸øȥǣĻһһ
룬ߣǰѳ֮һֻһͷ˵ˡ
ԽԽԶӰݣǲȥ𣿡
û˵
ɫ
˯ˡ
˿ڿˮսսݶ档
ʱһ¸һ΢紵ҹֲٰҶɳɳŷҹʱ̵˽
Ҳ֪Ƿ绹Ҷ쾪ŵ˳˯еˡ
µ۾ԽϷ֦込ķ϶貵Ǻ
ͷҹƻãҲмֲʵĿãȻ
ˣ۶һӰͷҹɫжҲ⸵ûй
Ǹˡ
ΪܹǸˣ۾ܣһ෢˱İ㡣
Է̹һЦʯӰ죬ԸЩ仯֣ߵҪİļŶԷ
֪ˣ¶ı顣
ּǰһ̣һֻץסļһסǿӲذڻ
סߣҲʵ忿˵Ļϸֱǰܲ϶˼ƵĿࡣ
һֱ۰壬һֱָ̧Ű㣬
վһѳԪ¶ԼǷʴͷ
ƼڰԪʧ΢һ£õǣָŰְֻԼϣϵһ顣
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ȴԼվм䡣
ֱֽվһλ£ݣŷʴͷˣֱվһĸʳڣһɰ׵ˡ
ԭҪԪĽŲһ١
סˡ
ҹӱʯӰ죬˲̫µĹͬ
˿ƼͷĹûиеȺ£ֻ룬ȥĶ
һ£ͷɻؿűɰԪģݣ˳һһ
ֻϵı̫䣬ЩǸˡ
ܿ죬һԱȣͷ˿ʼʱЩתͷݣסݵ֣ȥ
ٴеİһӳϲá
ݶĶû̫ı֡
µùȻû
ǿˡ
ֻҪ㲻ðԪϾͲȥҰ㡣
ŰóѵһǻۣʮʶȤɤӣһ˵ǵڶû֪ǲ鷳£Һȥ
˵꣬⥣һ̵ˡ
һ˱һƥܣ⻭治ֹЦܹ졣
岻˹ֲ֣ҲҪȥʲôֻݵֱۣŰԪһҹһµЦЦ
ô˵һ˵һ߻Ҫ
ݲ֪ΪʲôҪֱۺͺ󱳡壬һʱ嶯Ԫֲ֪ζԴԷȽϺá
岻˼أ˿ʲôҲ룬ֻתתȥ
ݲ֪ʲôΪΧת
̹ȻܡȻֽȥر𵥴ЦЦߣıȥҶץ
˵ÿģץסСèҪúˣŪһ
ϷˣԼϵıû̫仯Ǹߴ壬ȴĶýӲ
Ǹоó
̧ۣŵһŲȥ߹ǿƣȴʱ򣬽Ӳʯ壬ƿ۾ҿ
ƺʲô¡
գһۣЦһ̧ÿݶĳǺĶ䣬֪Ϊ˵һ䣺Ȼˡ
ޱݱһ棬ǰϼȾɫһ㽡Ưĵ죬ɢϵı֡
ԷȻûЩˡ
ϲ⸱ӣſţȻĶ䴵һ
ûϵֶһסͼԼ֡
ԼĶֹ岻õüʮʣǲǲϲң
û뵽Լ⡣΢΢˫ͷǹĿ£ȫû˰ʹСĻĵȻҲûɱʱ򶨡ͻȻ鿼ѧӣЩţȴǰһûԼ¶ڻҵһ棬ǡ
˵ʱ࣬ȥʣΪʲô㣿Ҳ֪ߣֱ׳˵ȻϲһϲңͲֹҡ
ʯָ˵ʮִ󵨡˵仰ﶼȵͷҲƽղ̫һ
ҲڲԼ̰ֱӿݵĻؿڵλãʹ촽΢ţ˵ϲң϶ҪЩʲôһһݣΪʲô
˵գ°͵ؿڵλã޷ƣҵڼͷ󱳣һʮĽģ˵Ҳ롣¡
⽫仰˵ʮȴ֪Χķڻʱ
һ̣Ҷ֦ͷҡڣ֪˭
ӳ˳һʮֲõЦֻһ
ݶ忴˰Σֱ̧صС
һ־ͷϣһ߶ˣһŵһô
ʱ屧ƺʲôɣǷϥϵɿսΣ׼⿪һ̣ڵء
סͷ
¡
ͣ׼µĶ
ŷ岢У̧ǽڷ֣ͷյĸһ㣬ϸķ˿
Ķᣬȴɵˡ
ϵֳһЦ
Ŀ̧ͷ棬ŵʣľ£
û˵ְܿѱҵͷã˵һ
˵꣬ѹ˹
ģѹȸмǿո۾Ϳӵ۾˵ˡ
ЩЪ
ƽ˵

˵ʲôܣڻɵˡ
һ˫۾ų룬תͷע˼
ƺ֪˵ʲô˼ǰĶٴκ
ݱ۾òֻ˵岻ãûЪҹüڡ
ȴģֻ
䣬۾ƶͣϣʮרע
屻﷢ţе㺦Щ֮ǰ˵Ļ̫
ƺȰûãֻܵѹԼࡣ
ףһȻѹס塣Ķܿ죬巭תһЩ˺µ׺֮УǸյƣκδϢĻᡣ
Ľ
ݵĺڷ໬䣬ס֮ǵ΢Ĺ⡣
ĿռͻȻխ
΢ķ˿ɴᣣ࣬ССУҲɫ
˲ʱʱ忴ݵı飬ֻϷʮΣա
ĻЩңûãĻҵգգ۾ͻȻֶݲûжҲԭĵطûѹ
ûκγ嶯Ϊ
˫۾գգһֱ۾̧֣סϰ˵˯ɡ
屾˯ɲ֪ǲݵ̫ůֲԷǺ۾
˯ǰ룬տɲܱݼŪȥ
Ҫ̫ˣҲᱻ˼򵥵غŪȥ
ʱȻš
µ۾ڲˡ
˯ŵ𡣽ǸµߣǸ˭ûиɫĮ˵ͷһָֻסԼ°Щ޴롣
ǴδԼܵõϲһʱЩӦ֪ݺøСƽ˯ؿ˹ȥͷһķ
ҹŭڴ˿ɢһɶǼűǼ⣬֪ʯһµǸǻ
ֻǻǾ̵˶࣬ʱ˽̻ҹ侭ӪĻᡣ
ʿԣҪʿҪȥĵطӲıŹֹܹġ
ٽʱ䣬̻½½šԽصľ壬ֵһƬڣ֮ǰǰַ
ֻһ˵Ľϡ
ܵƻ飬ǰ·ڵ˺ʧ
ҹӲ⡣ӯȸ˿첽ߵֹսǣǰи̯ûգ̲ס࿴ۡ
ûȶȡ
Խ߰˸ûպõ꣬󸹱ĵһ߲źһΪѵض̯Ͻеһ˵˼ңһ˽ʱҪ̯ˣ㿴
λˣɿλ˰׷ԲԣݣƾɣʵڲԵüΪϧѾճһûö档
󣬵̾˿ֻպ̯ӣûջ룬˵㰡˷һԵʯϣ˷һݵӣ˵һȡУ˵һ飬㻹ҸطϢѲҹĹһٰӣ
˵꣬λĵĵҲûǮֱ̯ˡ
ߺ󣬸վ˶棬ӿžǽڣ˰졣
Ǹ༫ΪƵˣһݵ۲󣬿ȥǺʵ
ۣϵ·ãһۿȥؤûʲôһǳõˡ
ʱϳˡ
һúģٿֱת
ǰ̲סһ䣺ͷûҰ
˼û뵽̧ͷһۣͷԲã˻˵ԭУС˳ȥ˵ԼҪ˵ʲô˰죬ָųһǡ
Ǳ߻һƹСӡ
˵ģٿоЩͣﲻõĳɵ˲ࡣ
һۣ˵뿪
Ȼ˳棬ΡΡվʱ˺ؿǰһɫϡ
˳ϿȥƼǸȥʮ׶ӡ
ԷȥһֻĽֿڣĵ˵ҼڳҲû£һºˡ
䣬ɵվԭûж
Ҳø˷ϻֱӱˣȽ
߱˵϶⿴ţŸָ·æúܣûĸϹת
ô˵ڷӦ˹Ҫʲôæ˵ɣࡣ
ࣿЦһ·಻ܿ
˵²˵ֻŸԼǰ
ȥ·ϣ븵˵⺢ãСһֻϧСӰ˵ʲôѼҶŪûˡ
ű£һ䣺ôûģ
룬ü˵һ갡һ󳤳棬ͷнǣϾҪСǴĲǺܺãˣǾҶҪȥⳤ棬Ȼȥ˺ܶˣȫûˡ
֪ĳָߣ˵ͷֱǱԻףΪ˲мЦһͷɵ˰ɣ˵ǳ棿ǧǰԻҲãҲãûӰˡѲҪңһǧꣿһǧͻ
˱ЦҲգЦ˵ԭˣĴլӣ鱦·еŮþǱڻˣɺÿˣ
ֻ־壬ߵִԣЩ鵱Լ´ꡣ
˵ЩûõģĶ
̧һָǶ
˳ָȥĿһϾɵķݣҲ˵ֱӰǰ̧žҪȥ
˲תʱס߶߶˵ţҸ㿴ɡ
ҪȥԵĶ֡
˼ϣ̾˿ȥıӰ˵ˣҷߣµ㱳һлˡ
л˵ҲƽУ˰֣ܿʧڵϽ֡
Ŀȥ˵ĸ֪ת֮ķӱһƬյء
ʱ˺ˣ游ȥĶˣ
˻ͷƼĸ˹ش˸Ƿ
Ϊûʲôˣ˰Ѻ¶һͷ˳İ׷Լһ˫ɾƯǳɫ
ͲżƬɫƬòڣ塣
óһС׹ǣ˵ͷֶ֮ôҲ֪ʲô˼
˱߹ĻƹҹգŲޱ仯˵ͷа룬ҪƴԼ塣ĹͷҵаǣҲͷ㿴аǡ
ʲô˼֮ǰδйֲ֣Ƶ˵˰׷ġ
׷еİ׹ǣһ䣺游ͷ˵ǰ㡭ţ׼ģ
ҲãҲãػֻǡŸԼӣ۾ĵ̾˿ˣǵĹͷȲҪˣȥĵط
׷겻⣬üţΪΣһεĻᣬ´Ҳ֪Ǻꡣ
ָ̧֣Ǹɫߣ˵Ҳѣٿ
ʲô
ǲ⣬游ľûãҹ뿪˻ǡ
һ磬ĵհ̯ĵطһԵĹսǿԼ롣
Լ뻹ڣû뵽Լȱ˿ڵ￴һӡ
һԵؤƼĻص˹˵ɱȥãŹֵĽУôҲò
󣬿˿ԼǸ룬̽Ե֣ûö˵ϵǸ롣
һԵؤؽ˼
ǵҶе룬뵽ҹˣƺʲô
лҪ˵
壺˯ҪСҪ
ݣʲôȻ˯Ҫ
ݣ̬


34 
һҹȥڸɽûʲô֣תͷҪȥٽĻǿΪ˵һ䡣
ݵĿҲǻǣĿͬ־һ
֮ǰ˵ϸҹûʲôرĵطҹĻղ޲ͬеĶЩһ۾ܿСС֣ǲҴ˵ط
ݲԼҴ˵ط˼˵ִ֪غĿĵԭ𣿡
˵غʲô¡
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ȥغ⡣
ҡҡͷˣˡ
˵ﶼŸԵ̡
˺ܾãйݣҪáһ˵һ߹۲ݵɫ˵ӵ㣬Ǹһ𣿡
֪˵ʲô
Թ̫أѾǰа֮ףаĸ֪ǳǿغܹǵ⣬ҲΪغ޵ǹǴаʬģűΪ޵ռš
ԹڸڣǿʹԵֻõöˣƢԽԽãӰĳ̶ҲءԹǿƣһֱԵ
ֻΡΪ塭
ڽϵΪͷһ¡û˼̫ã̧ͷŸ˵ءһᴦ
ʦתЩˣֻһûµġ
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˵գ뿪ֻһ˼
ʱǸݽߵʱ
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ĲĺڷѪɫĿЦһͷԼǱԪ
˵䣬ͷԣͰԪദû𣿡
ҲЦˣԼͷؿһԣб۾˵ʲô
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һЦ忴Ÿæﲻǻаʦ𣿡
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Ϊ˲ݺԸԪ
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ЩĻüһӸס飬תͷҲ鿴㰡
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ԭЩ˵ƬΣŹѲڽղ˼棬븵˵
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ģ˭˳۾˭ûкغһ䣬ɺ֮Сһ䣬ǣ˼ϵˣ˳ְǣ˼Ǯ
̫ӣû˵Ϊ˸Σڳãϼ鷳µˡ
һȣֿʼŤͶôûӣ
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תΣлˡ
һĸ仰غ˶䡣
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ⶺһһٵ˵պˡ
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˼˯ûãָоʲôͷ
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ΣתתЦһ㻹ϲã
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һһģһġ
˵⻰ʱЦЦʮα˿žͲ


35 ʾ
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һ䣬õӵԡ
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ᵽѣЦݱһЩѺóǿҵ⼸غ⾭ȥĵطҲǵţ֪Ҫ˵ŴӳиϻҪæȥȡ㲻ͬ⣬ƭǰġ
˵˵ȥңҰﰢݣһġڰﰢ¡˽⸵ӣڸǰӽͣ󻰷һתܲ㲻ȥ
һſûֻǱȥ
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ʵӣֻݣһвǰԪ˳ǰݲ˳ۣݽڴ˲ӿҲ˵ݡ
ֻ˵䣬˿ݵ壬ֿ˿Լ壬뵽Լ֮ʵ࣬۾һתܿתͷݡ
״ݱ۾վڸ԰˰üġ
Ƭ̺󣬽ŲһΪҪԼתͷؿһۣȴԼϲˡ
ǰԪ
Ԫһϲ̴ֱӳɰԪģȥ
ֻܿݵĻ˲䡣
ֺ֣䣬Ͱԡ
ڻʱ嶢ֻ˵ӣǣ¶һõЦ˵ģ
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лҪ˵
ݣҪ


36 
ݷϵ嶢·ۼӣʮָӡ
ûɵɫܲ鲻ãΪغһҹˣǲӦЩץӸҪ£
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˿ݲڳУƲ֣ղܵӣͣ½Ųԥջѡݲڣ͵͵һԵ
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37 
͸վ¥ǰûóȻ롣
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ʱѾˡ
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˵һЩ£ǲŻȥ¥ȥ֮ǰǣڳãûҵǣֻԼȥˡ
²Ȥ͵ʱ򣬱ԭƣеˮһ
ˮ浹Ӱֹʯԭء
Ƽ⸱ģһ⥵ͷŵ뿪
֪ǲϢãЩ
廹ڽ͡
ϴŨŨ֬ζ
Ҫûע⵽¡
ôԲע㣿
ݻգһۡ
ŨζﻹסŸ֣ʵϲ
ãһ¡
΢ţͷʼ˵
ɫƽ侲Щ˵
˵ξʱݲʱһͷʾԼˡ̧еˮ룬һڣˮʱı֮ǰ޲ͬ
ƽɵˮ֮ؾú˻ˮƺͣ˳ʳճָܡ
ƷƷݲʵĸܣͻȻЦˡ
ţϵһĻˡ
廹ûݵЦܵǰ챻ססֻܴ׶һԼǰ롣
лҪ˵
ݣΪæҪ㾹Ȼȥ¥


38 
ץֻָָⷺס
һʶȥסԼǰ֣ͼסԷʩԼϵһٶ۵
ȫԷֻܻŵؿˡ
ݽŴбĹ纮һӲϬſĮƽˣȻʢŭһ治ЩΥͣΥ͸ǿҵڵҹͻȻһѻȼѸ͵ռҹĻĿչֳηΣպȶȡ

Ϊʲô
ȥ¥븵ȥ¥ûи
ʵ벻ͨ
Ѿѻ˵ˣݲ᲻͸ȥ¥ԵɵģӦ֪µǰ󣬻
˵ﻰ˶Դһ̣ӦģӦ䡣˺ܶ࣬ɶ˫ۣĴԺȻһƬհף֪ôڡ
͸Ĵ٣εһ𣬶ûݳһľĶǡ
ƱһֻĴֽס˲ӡ
һ̣޷޷Ӧġ
ݵһζƢҲݵһζ㲻˫һ۾Ӧóϡµġ
֮ǰδݻüŭĿݵǸסԼӰֻöԷüۺڵþŨī棬üۿʮİ
һûһµشŽ࣬ƼһĻδڻգֻϷһع۲Ŷˡ
ǸԼϲˣݰָĳס°͡
ϵĴ̣ϣ˿̵ʧֻ̬ʱġ
ڴֱ֮˲ϵıŭǲŵ壬ȴ֪ԼǰһΣգһ̵Į侲ӿӿֲ
֪Լһ粻ķӣרעض壺ȥ֮ʲô
һݵûпڡ
ݵıѾһɶŶԷ˫޹һܵвĽȸС
ٴνͣҺȥ¥ǡ
ݴޱʣЩ²Ҫʵȥ¥ʱʲô
һ˵һһֻڲϵķ˿ĮҺ֪ǰաᵽ¥ʱûк棬ûȥûԼΪ͵飿ûȥˣҪѡʲôˣ
˵ݵͷض۾ƽЩ죬ǲȥˣ
岻Щʲôֵʵģرϲݴ˿̵ӣ̲סţûк棬Ҳȥ˵ʲôֵʵģ
ҲݱƵ̫ˣŵǸ߳׶ˡ
ָӵ߶֣֮ĵ׻ѹסĪĿ־壬һӱˡ
ɫѿ˵ҺôѵСʦûкʱСʦҪʲôСʦΪԼûЩҵ룬˾͸һʲô̰ˣ
˵˵ûк棬ҾǺˣ˳˼ȥҲԼľ˹ܲö𣿡
˵Щ뵽ЩΪԼ£⼸æǰæ󣬾Ϊ˰Լֺܿ˵ˡ
ʵϸ룬ǶԻͷϣҲʮܡ
ǵ㣬ܿˣٿݵ۾Сʦ壬ҲǸ˼治Ҳǹ㷢ģֻǡ
Ҫȸǣȴ˵Щ۾
Ҳԣ˭û˵룬ǰĻȥ룬Ҳһɿ壬˹˵ҲкҲҵĶҿԲѹ𣿡
岻֪һһ˵ʲô˼룬Сʦ̰ҲŮ֮Χ˵ͷ
ݼˣ¶Ȼ飬ͻȻð
ĬĬ£Ĳǽշ£ŲµĲǵᱻ¥ɫա
ڶݵʧعٶ۵ĶֵĲô
ҪһЩô顣
һЩѾ֣ΪضԷӵ顣
˵öԣȷʵЩӸе룬ֻ룬װñҪ֮ˣֻǶˡ
⣬ĵ׵
һЩܹ
˼ˣԽƫִԽΣա
ڸĶԣԶǧ֮ǿϾײѾɫ˺ɫ
Ϸӣα˵˺ˣǻӦȥҸøĳʲô£ʱҶڡ
ԣݼϵˮ룬õҰݣе뻹
ű飬رġ
Ϊ֮ǰ岻˵ʲôֻĬظ󣬼ݷųһֻܹϵһ
ʳѪܹҵλáݵģֱ򶫱߷ȥ˸ֻһɽУƼ˸һϰˣ°ʯʯԴ
ʯ
ôʯ
ʯǺѳ
еһ¡
Ҳ֪ǲǴϸʯ徹ʯԼС
ϤüۣԲ۾ֻһͰˮͷϽĿؿ棬һƬհףƬ̲Ž顣
ʲô
֮˲Ϊ档Լھϣȴһָܡ
ݺҲʮֲ⡣һֱ븵ʯǵ󣬶Աóܶࡣ
һʯ֫ʼýӲ
ΪԼͻȻʯɻؿ档
ŹᣬѰᣬ˵ֱ̧ʯؿڡʱ⣬ʯؿڡʯһһѺۣڵ˳˿йס
ԼҪˣڵɢȥһ˫۵Ÿתͷߣ޲
ûãʯ˹أʯݵǰһһ顣ɫʯʯ˵ϡ
ûǿʯģֻŶ෭ԼǼʯץסķˡ
Ÿɽģ⼸ȵ
Ϊ˾ˣϺӡ
ʯǱʯץסȺһλϷվ
֪ΪΣϷ˿ǣһֵĹ⣬ǿҰޣײײسŸţλʿɣ
Ļּֿ죬żеڴ˵ǰغţλɳȾһҰɣ
Ŀ޺ݱû䣬ûдӦֻǰʲô
Ϸܣ޸˻ִˣּҾүڻͷһƽպִֻƣƷû˵ų˼ҡ
ȻвƣеϦƵһӣȴаˡ
Ϸ˵Сܳȥ棬·Ͽһӣһţ֮󣬼й²ϣѰ˲ٷʿˣûլ
ּû˷ӣֻȥٳȣΪĴ֮һȻܴССչޡ
˵Ҳɣڽ˲ٵӣϷ˵ֶɾС
˶˵˺ð£Ϊ˼լϷŲǰˣδûãͱɽ·׼˵ʯץסˡ


39 
Ϸ˵ȥҰ֣Զݣ·;ңԶ·ϵʱ䳤ˣʲôӣʼշĲ£˿̼նɱʯֿȲһסǣϣǻصаԼ
ȻлǺûϷ˶ˣֻǲ֪ΪΣ˭Ҳûдȥܺ˵ûпڴӦ
ʿһԳͶΪΣħ֮ǳ̬Ϸ֪㣬ΪʮþȣһʿһȻһԣ
Ǽ˻£Ϸ˼ˣ֮ǰ࣬λɳô˵ǲϸʧɳϲˣϸλǣλϸһʶȰϸɣ
˵գҪ¡
վϷǰǲƽһ򣬼æһѡ
𲻴Ӧһ¡
ûпȥȰݰԷҲûָǲӦϷ˵顣֪ݺ͸ӦԵɣҿڸݺ͸ҡ
û뵽ϷԼһס壬ɫǺ죬ŭϸ˵ô࣬λӦֻϸֿ֣ĶʲôģѵǾû֮˶˵ʿħд壬Ѳɶƭ˵ģ
µָݵĮԽ˵Խ󣬿ֱֱüͷ
ʹʹڲ飬Ͳ˿ӻʿƫͲʶǵ˾ǲ飬𣿡
ϷҲǼˣԼ˵λ˵֮ԼҲں¡
ܲٶȿһЩ
Ϸ˵Ǿ䡰ǾͲʶǵ˾Ѫ飬ࡱʱ򣬸ͬʱת۾б塣
ûпһĻֻǰϸſ֡
·
Ƭ̺ɿڴӦ
֮塣
һʸôܵǱԹǵĵ˵֪ҵ𣿡
˵֮ǰץħޣ˺йصĶ͡
⻰˵һ룬Ȼʶ±Ҫݣ뿪˵
Žϵ·ĵ㲻˵ЩҵĻ㲻ҲĻ
˵֪ԼʹԹǵûӵùݵķۣŵؿڣʦֻǣ
֣ͣüۼż⣬͵Ļö˵ֻ֪֪Ϊʲô
˵գŽ뿪˸ߣ޴ĸ
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ͷ˵Щ¡
䣬һתˣλϷʲôԵĵط𣿡
⡣
Ȼص˵ͷ˵Ҳʦ̫ߣԹǵġайصĶҶܿһ㡣
Ϊ֮ǰ̬ȣ˵Թʱһ䣬ЩԳζ
˵Ĳϲһ˿ĺߣֳ˼ˣҪ˳ɫԽ˵µԽǣֽҲҵҲԹǵıǷծǮ쾭壬£ѭһ˲֡
ˣֲˣʦʲô
ᵽݣԽ˵ȻΪʦƣȥûвѵСҪвѡˣ϶Ǵ߱ºá
嶮ˣеĻû˵꣬ظܵһɺϮ̧ʱɿ͸ŪʱԼҪ˵ʲô
ȥǰæûд⥡
С²ȤҪЫӣҲûȥ
Ϸżͺʹǰͷ·Ÿں󷽵
ڷűʦѵˣһ·ûп˵ʮࡣ
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˵ͷ
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ЩħԿģӵֵģֲþӰֵ񣬷ԼȡʤΪֻ￴壬壬ųֵĻ롣˿ʣҲʯĳ࣬žʯʲôĵİϷ峤һ
ˡ
˲ʧѹ֣Ҫϸһ
ʱһֻͻȻָ֣סͷŸת˹
һ
ͣڿУ㵵ؿһԣŬסԼȥ˵ĳ嶯
屻ͻȻŪɵˣٶȲɱؿ˼ġ
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뵽˵ĻƤݶġ
ϾħǺ¡
ݴ˾ٵԭ򣬸ַȥֻרעؿǡ
Ϊ˲СʦңҲΪ˸ĵĮΣСʦ֮ľ룬ǵʱĬǰһЩ
ݳܵ˿̲˼ֱݣսʱҲѧݣʹüۣܿĿԵ
̧ۣƼŨ΢˵ͷ΢΢ŴɵذԼ˳ȥһ˰Ū̬
ͣ˶
ֲˣ̵Ľȩ̧̈ãȻؿݡ
ϵֲԾսǵĶ̲סʣʦô
һ˵ͣµֺȻֶˡ
̧
Ϸ˼еݵСһ𣬾ӵ
ע⵽ۣк޷壬ͷϺˣƬ̣һ븵Ŀԣһʳָָ˿졭
볱ʪĶԱʮԡ
ķ۱ָֿǱ˶˿ıչʾڲԼǱص⣬޷Լٴκϡ
¶ȺָⲢڣŹֵͷƤ顣
ܵݵĴڣ͵صɴ۾ȴûסʮݡ
ڲ쿴Լû쳣
ôСʦĶŤĸСʦҲ졣
һ̶һ£뵽ʦ˾ǰ壬һѹ˿ܵķӦš
ֻǶݵ֣עݵָڣŲָʧǰĻ棬ĸоԽԽǿ
ϲ棬ȴ֪ԼΪʲôϲ
̬ݷֶĸüͷϵԽƽ͡
Ÿ棬ݵָȵס򦣬߹ֵ˵У𡭡˼˺ܾãݲóָָˮ⣬һزָ⣬һ˵û쳣
˵ϴһΣﺬſˮҪ£־ú֡
֣Ҳв
֪⻹ǲ⣬Щ꣬Ϊ̲סһʦ
ݲŲæ˵ʲô֮Ƶ˲ʿɽƣмֹ죬ٿ
˵վӵ£ȷûйϵ
ڳʱּҵҡҡλεؽ˻ǣȥ˳
ϷӲãⷬڣɫѾЩԡ
ʱ˳ּͥɡ¥鿣̲סּ̾ӵеĸȴҲڿּҴŵһü
ͬ˼ңּǰɣѰ˼ҴڶǷޣּҲˣŵȴͨаլޣʯ
ŵĽͼйоأֻޱѰʯɷأʮ׶񡣶һլʯͬҪаǿѹûаɲƵ˵Ѱ˼ҽլѡٻѡ
ǰȥ֮һͭһܳĻƷ۵Χ֮ͭϡŻƷĻҳԿͭܶˡǰžõúаòа
·ڵĵطڷָͭլλºܲһ㣬·Ҳһʿֻͬûܵסշ£ͭǰ׷ˡ


40 
вٸɸּزʵټլĹ֮֮ǰĴʷ˶١
ǳ࣬ʱǿĸ˼Ҳ٣յûпլһʱ벻
ż򵥴ֲڵǣݻһ⼸ԼĽֵ¶˼ı顣
һǰʯ¶˼ЦЦûãٿϵľӣϵĳһգЩء
֪ڿʲôҪڣȴ˵ȥ
ջĿ⣬ͷؿһϷˣʲôҲû˵
ָŽأϷǰţźˣţ쿪ţ
Ƭ̣˸򿪴ţƼϷȥʮֲ˵ôˣ
Ϸûиֻͣһߣһ߽ˣ֮ʸ뿪֮󣬼﷢ʲô𣿡
ѪɫԵ࣬ȻǱڻˣҡͷ˵ǰˡ
үأ
˵ЪûãѾȥˡ
˵ȣԽӣһӰӺĺӡ
ǺӴ꣬һɫİӣͷСһ˫Ĵ۾΢΢ͻʮֿɰ۾ͺһȴ֣һֹɭĸо
Ǻӵ۾һŲһġ
ݵĲҲͣ
쳣ķӦǰ·Ϸ˻عͷƼվŵĺӣһ£ʧɫغţ衶ô
ָǺӣʣǸ˹ӵĺӣ
ǡϷؿڣһߵŮ衶ǿһ߱ܿӡ
Ǹ˹ӵ衶Ϸ󣬲ȥߣֱֱֻض塣
ܿ죬̫үˣӰȵһ࣬ϷһȽŲôõ˼ҡ
̫үݺ͸ͬʱ̧ͷһ۶棬ջĿ⡣
岻ֻܿܶ࣬ģظܵһ˿ĺ⡣
岻ԵؿԼ죬ֱʳָָڴĴָָϻһӣԼѪĨƤϡ
Ƥ϶ʺѪۡ
ѪɫΪŵ˼ұ
˸İԽٿүŵõһ
ϲߣЩ̵ͬѪϡ·ϡקסĽŲ
ôࡰ׸ţүߵÿ͹ˡ
²ܹܡ
ü˵ϲôġҵϡû֮£үıӦ
ڷһǿծһһʿҲǿв֡
Ӧ±µ˳ִңֻᷴɵ˵ϡסݵ䣬Ҫֹȥ¡
Ҫ˵ȴүߵǰ̧ͷ¶һźƵ
ʱϵĺڲٷתǶ׼үٿͣ
˿һ紵ү˫ǵ۾ϣĴͻȻһƬհס
֪ǲǻરડʯ˵ϡ
һİĺڴ˿ĺ󱳣˲ʱӿԺһŷƵĻֽǵصѹ
Щת̫죬ʲôûʲôҲûץֻ˷Ϣһ̲
ЩӲסز
ʵ˵ǰ˵ʲôǰԵҲû̫ĸд
Щ£û̫뷨ֻǰԶ޹أºݶҲûνʵС
ϵĺߣֵֻɫҴҵĹ·ˡ
ڸ·;УԹ·Եľ󣬲֪Щ·ߵĽ־ʲô壬ûԼҲھɫͬС
һ̣үһ̣Īķŭ˸гǣ۾
֡
ǷծˣϰҪԷծΪǷծĻծǰһ޷˵ķŭί
֪ίʲôŽʹؿڣݺ͸ʧرеȥ
һΡ
ĳģһֻƵľɫʱйɹųζٿʱ־Ӣ۳ĺĲɣ
＾е˥ɫʸסξЩɪ
ʱվһ£洩һ£洩һɫĺ멣ǰƮƮȥ֦룬˵һ䣺ʮһǻˣ壬ԵùЩ
˵ţһᶹӣе˵ߣǰһӣѶӽǰĺȻ˵Ҳιġ
ݣӹǲ
ǰ֦С˰죬Įض˵ʮһˣԴСǸˮֻҪܴؽ˭Ҳÿɥ
䣬һĻ紵ɢһתһڲǷϡڹתĵط˶һڵϵ˵ţ·ϷʲôϵĲժװڳϵĽӲǳһ۶áˣϹۣˡ
Ҳġ
۾źڲ˵Ҿժ۾ϵĲ̰ϵĽ𡭡
ͬ˴һȭҵʹһӿǺһϲ²ȥŭ˫Ŀֱӱˡ
͵𣬴ͣΧ˵ĺµ飬ѹݷԼֱϣǺǵķӣָȺеүһ䣺㣡
˸֪Ϊֻ뺰һ䡪
㣡
أһ޼ۼģ㣡ҵĽ𡭡
һĻû˵꣬ȳŲסر۾ֱֱȥ
һѱסܿ˸֡
ͬʱǾ䡰𡱣үһ𣬲֪뵽ʲôٵغ˼£ͫһᣬҲŵȥ
үһǰһĻ˹ȥ
һּұҳһࡣ
ʱ壬үֻүҵǽڣܴ濴Ƭ·
֪ΪʲôȻЩġ
ɵһս
岡ˣɫҰס·ࡢ촽ѡڴϵӺƼĻ
үûþ̱ˡ
ȥĻɢˣֻ廹š
Լ׶˵ܽᣬүܾȣ걻ûˣֻһտָ
ȱ˻޷ڣҲû񺣿ɲ飬޷үв鿴ļ䣬ҳйص飬ֻܿԼȥ¡
Ҳ벻ףǷծǰģת˵⿴ȥʮүҲծ
үǸˣһٶ̬ҲǷծ˶ծծǷծˡ
벻ͨ㣬ʮеĽ
Ϊһ仹̫ܰүųʲô弴ûǰļ䣬Ҳġ
Ӧʣ֮ǰһĻϵҵڼ
ųҵүйأֻܵծӰĿԡ
ϾǷծҪծ˫кĹծйصĵطбծӰ죬ծԩ顣
ɴƶϣүծĿԲ
Ҫ˵үծйأҲԡ
ϾүͷǰծôҲԲϡ
ˡ
ʱ˵֮ǰΣΪǰպ߲ȴˣ崲ߣһȥ̽̽ĺһü˼顣
ָɣȷʵŹ֡
ڽ֮ǰΣûзָֺĵطһּңߺ嶼˷ӦЩ˶ڼУûз֡ʵ˶ֻ֪Ҫк·ǲᱻԺǽס
˵ǰͭס˺ߣǻһЩܡ
Ϊˣ˼ãŸ˵ȥ
򴽣Ĳ壬ȥ
ȴ˵ȥյĽֵһһȥ½ÿطʲô
˵ʦһǷʲôĵݾ壬æ˳ȥǰǰ鿴ãʼûֵֽʲôͬĵط
ʱߵһѵʯש巽Щλá
࿴ۡʯѷ죬Īõ״ѺۣЩ֩
ûзʲô춯һݵż˳˵ȥˣӴЩǡ
ӵ˵ͷϸض˷䣬źĿͷȥ
ջĿ⣬Ȥڳ˼Ȧ
֣ΰҲãֵСûô˿ܣڽȥƼعЦָָ㣬˵˵·ѿ
ֻԼϵϺãû֪ʿϵ鱦û뺢һƽϡ
ָֽү֪ծײծݺ͸Ȼ뿪ּңֻϷ˵ᣬűϷ˼ĶŻָүһ
Ϸ˾һ⣬ܵ˴һţʲôҲӦû˰취ֻýмеĳӴݵˡ
ݲԷʱ䣬ڵʱƤǹ۲ŴϾҪ߽䷿ĸֿëҪ塣
յϰߣݴ˿ӦðѸ֧ȥø֪ʯһ¡עĲָѵ촽Ȼ⡣
ֹŸҪš
Ӧ˵Ҫ֮ǰһ㣬ֻܿš


41 
ʱѾˡ
Ƶĸо˺ֻܶ࣬ƣķ
ߣر˰Ԫģ
һסˣ֪ݱɰԪʲôöСʦ֣ȥݣʵСʦ壬ʦʲô
ȻһĻˣԵ΢΢ɴ۾ƺ˵Ļ
ֹŹֵķӦǵʮ⣬һΪҪɰԪ
ûлػһ۴⡣
ûҲûһƬڡ
˵ˣֳʯӦǰһ㣬ϰԪ
ȻǵûȥҰԪһͷˮؿһȫʯӰģ
ô£
ʯʧЧˣ
۾ƣ뵽ǰյӣʯ⡣
ΪʲôûܵʯĿƣ
Ϊծ
ԡ
ҵծڵʯûйϵҹʯʧЧ϶Щԭ
벻ͨҪָȣֻ⡣
ûãͷĿѣ忴ûгֵϵͳ
ָݵͷдšݻ
屾ʹͷΪһ仰ʹˡ
ʮӸһĽڡ
ʲôҪ˵ȿݣ֧һͷöͷݵļƣȴûȫݵĻ
̼ϤΧݽʵȵسסĶ
۾˿ûע⵽Լݵļϡȵһ⿴ͻȻֵĸ
һʱ޻˵
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ⲻǸһοϵͳвȿݡ
վǰȻҲû뵽ԼῴһĻ
ȭͷƯûκα飬еǼΪӣӵֻһۣ֪
ЩȴסԼ壬ûԼֱӴݵĻ
ֵôһЩֻԼݻŪòô⣬ֻԼһ档
鶼ܸӵ˲ͬݵӲƽǰ忿һִֻĺϣ嵥ļ
ȫû⸵ˡ
Ҳԣԭݾٶľګӡ
Ƽ̹Ȼݣһʱ֪˵Щʲô
£˵öˣ쳣ľ
Ϊֽץݣǿ֧壬˵Сʦ壬
˵꣬һΡ
ݷסٴ¡
ʵ˿ûôֻΪ˲øǿ⿿ݣֻ⸱ģ
ˣû˵Եģֻǿݷϵ֣ôô
Ҫǰֲֹ֪ôֹҲ֪ԼƾʲôֹɿݺԽ׽ӿһַƵĸо׼һĺѣһʦͰԪķƢ
ҪţЩԸ⡣
Ը⿴ݺ忿һ𣬲ԼǲԸ׽
ǿ϶
ΪʲôԸ⿴׽
һһ£촽һ˵ʦûҵʲôŹֵĵطҲΪǳʲôʦȥ
ǹһ£Ӧȥһ飬ֲԸΪ˾á
Ÿ˰죬ָеֱ䣬ȻøڵԼ˵ҲǼ¡
Ϊˣ˶ʱ䣬ߵʱЩԥԸ
ߺ󣬸ߣǳĬƬ̣֮һһԵĲ豭һ˵㡭ҡ
¡
ƺʲôݵҪ˵
֪˼ȴڣҲֻ˵
ãûôڡ˫۾ѿڣһ뵽Ļ־ʲô˵ݻӴʱܵĻԼ
Ϊ˰γΪ׽ֵĴ̣սȭͷɿ¶ģ¿壬˵֪￴̫ŵʱʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷ
뵽Сʱ常ܵɽû常ˡʱҾ룬ҪˣһҲ£ſЩĸҲǺһ׮ͽˡ˵ʱʦˣһ£Ҫɱҵ˶ɱˡ֮ңҪҪΪǲµģɵҵһ̣Ҳ֪ҿˡ
Դ֮Ҿ;ʦرҲΪˡҴСʱճˣ˲һ룬ÿοҪ׽ÿμúܿģʲô£˵˵ͣƬ̣ϲ
һǰ㼱׶ֻʮ˵֮ǰöˣû˵

žડһ䣬˷磬˰뿪ĴȻϡ
ͻȻ̹ף循һ£Ȼˡ
ȻǷһĻøﲻʹ죬Ե˵壬Ҫעһݵľ롣
ֱֱȥȷʵǸ¡
ԴˣĬܽȴ֪ô
岻ְסͷһ£ˣ
ΪһƪģŮСŮŮСϲзʵǼƽ¡
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ֱӣ֪㲻ΪϲʦʲôõĿҲ֪ʲôӣСۣ֪ʦûǸ˼ɻǲϲ̫׽
ˡ˵ͷ
ɴֱ˵мҲҪ˵˵ϲСʦ壬ҪһӣΪĺ˸ܵСʦ⡣
ȫԼʲô⣬գһۣĪ˵ôˣ
ɫã̲סĶͷû֮ǰʱȡ
εָ֣˵ôˣ˶Դ˶Ǿֺã΢ٿ㣬˭ܸܵСʦ嶼ǲ˵ģֻ˵ǰСʦǴΣһЩչչСʦ塣
Ϊ⣬ʦûôʦǰˣϲѵ治ɫɱ֣ʦҲϲ̫
ţʲô˲ʵĸֱ˵
⻰˵ôƷƷϲһ˵ı֡ռǺǿɳ˶ռôʲôûУ
ˣ̣Сʦ岻ƽҲļ̲ס˵ûôϲ˵ġϲһ˵ʱǻᵣҪϲ㣬϶ҲҪ㡣ôܸǿͲǿŵһȥ
ɸ֣˸ӣҪˡԼû뵽ˡ
ڷһͬ໮ȥ˫ϬƯ˵СܹˣСҶ㣬ܹˣ
˵˾ˣԵĲ˵Сʱ뿴ѣҪϵǴΡ
ˣһʱ
˵£Ȼһ⣬˸һ븵˵һ¡
ʲô£
ҺСʦһȥҹ֣˭
üֵʣûӡ
屻һ䣬˵ˡ
岻˵ʮֲҵȻˣʦôǿҪ𣿡
µˣʣҺСʦ巢˭
ϻҵȻˣʦôһָͷܴ㣬ҿ϶Ҫġ
ֻһͷҺСʦ嶼ˣ˭
ôˣô˵ɵ
˵ϻͻػ˭
ȻˣӲãʦǰٲġ
СʦһҲУ˭
㡣
вɣ
ôϲ˵ģ
Щ۾˰ͷز뿴ˡ
̫ˡ
ʵԭĵĽǶȥԷ򣬲ѷǶѱڻҵҪ¡
ΪһˣΪǵĺ/ʦֶ֮ܲʲô£
岻Ҫһ˵ĵӰ뿴ԽԽᣬضԸ˵ͬ˵¡
ʲô£
ϲСʦ壬ԺͲңҲܰҷСʦǰͷҷСʦǰͷպһˣֻһ̣á
һʱ޷⣬ʲô˼
˼ԺԶһЩԥ˵㿴ҺСʦһζһպСʦһˣСʦҲ׽£Ҫ˼ԺСʦǰ̫á
˵⻰ǳԺ⣬ɸվһŭ˼ҪԺԶһЩ
˵Ǻܻص㣬ɿ⸱ӣȻԶ֮˵Щ͡
ƣһЩҪԶһЩҪעһЩǰһ֣Щ·У˵ԼСʦ׽Ҫʲô
ʵЩ͸˵ˣһֱҲȥ˵ģҲ͸֮ǰǰ׽ֻǱԼį⸵ݣΪԼֲ졣
ɸԸˣһסӲǽԼߣƵʲô˼֮ǰô궼ôģ֮ôͲˣǲᷳұҪҽڽҸϵһȥ
ʲôʲô
ôô
屻ͷۣҲˡ
ʲôнϵһȥ˾ǰɣ˵ô඼˵ˣЦ֮ǰû˵ϲСʦҲˣֽ֪ϲСʦ壬һҪмʲô˵ĺСʦһˣֻСʦץʲôѵպ˹ӣм仹ܼӸҲɣʱ޷ദ
ϲԼɼɫÿ֪ܣֻװͰ͵صһַۣȥСĵظǺñӡ
徭ôһ⣬һ麹ڴϣЩ˸˵
룬ڷת˼Ȧ˵ʦϲ㣬㡭պҺʦһˣҲǿԺһ𣬲÷ֿ
ʲô˵˹ӻһ˵˵һӻˣŭ⸵˵δһĵˣҷҪмô£㸵ôôϲΪҪˣ
֪Լռ̲ͷȴԸ¶ֻӲһࡣ
û˵Щ֮ǰﻹûЩ¡ֽҪһ룬Ҫݷǰͷĳ̶ȾȻϳ֮ǰݱ塣
ŪﲻˬԵɣֻԼϰߵӡΪ˲Ĺϵ仯̧㣬װǿƵ˵ǡϲʦ£Ȳˡ


42 ɶ
ʲôвˣ
»˵Ͳˣ
ΪԼ˵ҪעһЩܵķִ磬Ͳϲݵˣ
ôϲ˵ģ
һ˵ãʵ޷⸵һȭԴһ㡣
˵ﻰҪ֪ϲݣ嶼ҪΪϲʵ
̫ˣСԴӿ𣬸Ͱ嵱Լߵˣʱ岻֪ʲôԭ趨Ӱ죬ֻǺܲ⸵
Ǹ뿴һҲһԼ͸ӦһĸоӲиİԵƫִҲ˶Էߵĺٶ
ֻʱҲģĸǲϲ
²⣬׿ڷˡ
ǵøʮ꣬ʦ˸ӣ⣬忡ţغǸϲĶɡ
ʶʱλʦѱʧܣ˦˳ȥˤȡ
Ϊˣȵʦˮӣʱչʦܵľފ
һȥ˱һ̸۹Ž񣬸һһá
긵Ҳæ
ѱԼΪһԭСС޶죬ΪڵԹǣ޶ųĸԸһ
󣬿ԭЩʦֵ齣ʼѰԼʧ䣬һݣװؿǣ͵͵ѧϰôѱ޵ġ
ʱΨһľһƥɫ
ʱ͸֪ƥǾŸ⥱ġԭ򣬲⥲뿴ʧ䣬ε鵱ԷĻ
һ֪ĸѰµȤԭתתȥ
ԲµȤû壬Ҳ֪֮
λʦܻã˵ԭȺɽԺ羰壬˽ȥȺɽԺɷ硣
븵ݵĹϵȻȥȺɽԺʲôѵģʦ𣬾ʹʦȥȺɽԺ
ȥձ̿ϴԭ꼾ѵõĺ
ʦСɽ·£³ЦЦڡ
Ц˵Ҳġ
û뵽ղҸģʱһ£ЦЦ
ûж룬ݱ£ʦȥСɽӸһԣʦʦ߾ŶԷ
ûãżȥĸ
һ£ڷ紵ңüۼ˶еݱƽն˼ãԶԶӾǿа
ѱǿƢһ㣬кܶϲ
̾һϧȻһ䣺ֻ֪岻ˡ
޶⣬ֻ֪һ𣬹˵һ䶺ȤĻ
˵⡣⻰˸Ķ䣬ת˼䣬¶Ȥ˼
Ҳ֪˸ָֻŶһʦ˵ȵ£ϵĹˡ˵ʦܹɷ硣
ֻ⻰û˵꣬ǰĺӵȻ̤ˮ졣
ʦŤͷȥĸ
˿ΣӢʮ㣬ʲôʱ򱳶ͦúֱƯҲһŮĸо
ϹһǳЦոָŸߵʦܽܣͼĸڿ쵽ʦܺʱһţ
˻ġ
ƫ⥻ȻĶ߸
£ӵˮ𣬺ˮںӱߵʦܺϣûж٣ȴʦܵĻֽŪʪˡ
ȫûһǸ⣬ºսת˸䣬϶źӰϵʦ˵ʲôأ
üʲôûóǹģҲôá
ﲻˣҲ¶һЩȽף˿ر𲻺ǡ
ʦ֮ܳǰû׶ˣ䣬˵ǡȻȥɡ
ſ죬û˵ʲô˵֡
ķ˵˭ģ
ʦܱһæÿ˵ʦ֡ǻȡ
ȥٴδʦܵĻɫѥڵϣʦ̲ס¡ʦܵм䣬һӼ£ʦеĻֽ˵ȥʲôʲôͻȥǰˡ
屻һԣҲ˼ŭ⣬ǰѿЦ㿴ӣ˰ģ
ͷԽλʦ˵ˣȻȥɡ
ôȥһʦܵıʣ˵ȻҪͺúûҲ£ɴһ𻭺ˡ
졭Ҫºˣ
鶼ĸҪ
循ˣע⵽ĻǸử
Ǵ˼ֻʾʦܵߣʦܻҲŻ
һ֣ʾôˡ
ʦҲҾ岻ϲЦЦ˵һֱŤյҪ˭һ˵ˡһ˵һùıʣŸ֣һ¸ձơ
ҲŪԼúñʣص˼¡
ʱҲ˲ȥʦˣѵþģҲЩˡ
ϾȤܱճȥǿ
ˣ忴棬׼һͿ佱Է
Ҳ档
ȸһԲʱȲʣ㻭ձ
治ɫһ㡣

һʱֹؿŸŸͷѻݸǷ˰죬ʮίʣ泤
ϣһۻʮַܵص˵ͷ
򴽣ָŻϵ۾Сۣ
ָָ촽Ϻ±죿
ͷӣ
ü
ѯʣûˣͷǰɽ壬Ǳסˡ
Ƿ޷Ŀ丵úạ́ûж˺Ƿ
ʱһԵʦʮЦЦ˵㿴Ÿѻ˹
ӹһһ忡üĿ续ˡ
ƽĶۣʦܻδж鶯üۻˡ
üɿһЩɸȴ̧Ƿ޵ؿһۣĮҲô񡣡
˵գߣ˵ϲҪСˣƥϲֽˡ
һĲ˵Żѻһֽ߰͵ߡ
޶ö˻ģ⥱ġ
Լ⣬û취ֻϸſ죬һŴīֽ
⻹ʲô
лҪ˵
⥣


43 ҩ
Żֽˡ
Եʱ⽫׼ʦܣ˹ģ׽Ķʮˡ
ûô۸˵ġ
ʦҪˡ
޴վԭأѵµʦܵ븵ǵ˼еĸӹ֣һʦ˵Ȼȥ
ʦ䣬Թɵظܿλ
ɸȴҪ뿪һ˵վס
ɫѿͷߣ˵ˣҪȥط
岻ȥͷȥ͸ǳֽȥɣ
һ䣬õŤͷ
ﲻʹ죬Ȼûֻʦ뿪˺ӵ˸ߵɽ·ڣһȣһ߿ʦܡ
޷ʦܾʧǰȥڵϹȦ
㵵֣ûץסǰȥʦܡûͷ֪˭ɵĺ£Ϊŭغһ
ʲôΪȻ˵ҲҪ··ˡ
̬ţĶѹס
˵ģ
ǳһ䣬ŷʦܣʦϵĻңɫѿҾ͸Сʦˣ
һˡ
ã֮ǰҲ䵭
˵ʲôζ˸Ϊ˶˲ŭԽԽǿҲ壬ֻݺݵصһۣҲˣҲˣֻתͷ뿪
û
ʧʦǰûżŽݡ
ƺմƼһδĵӾֹܣͣסŲǿһ
ʦ֪ܲǰ˭æʦ˸ѡ
ʦܻŻŵʱգһۣ˵£
˵ͷ
ǵۣĵӣ
ǣʦµġ
ʦܼеСʦ壬ŵ˵
ʦܿĿİͰ͵ػػȻǸӣźķҪãֻ֣д·磬ʦѵ
ʦ˵ʱ۾һػ˺ܶࡣ
ЩȣƽպٹעڵӣܵõϿ㣬ɲһ׵¡
ΪЩ棬صˮӵʱʦһ䣬ʦܵΣ
ފһװҩһ߻أӻ㲻ڲټ
Ҳ˵ʦܲʳڡ
ˡ
˵ͷЩеĻֻʦΪأϲݿ˲У˼й¡
Ǵ˵ʦרкʦܾģٴҹ䣬ֻǱСĴˣҲͲ֮ǰǰˡ
գފµõĵҩſĶضһ䡣
岻Ϊؾǵҩת˼Ȧûãʵһӵʦ˹չʾԼǰµõϸԺ˼¡
轣ʦһ˫ۣؿһ壬ڷԵİƤڵ˿ڿˮС˵ʦ֣ʱΪ٣УҴԭϷתת
ڣ
廹ûش𣬸ſڴ
ʦͬʱ̧ͷȥһֻѼӵĸǵ˽
ѼĲһţƦƦ£ʦܣ˵Ϊ٣
ʦһǿè˵ԾС˺ܶࡣ
ҲҲûС
ôǫ飬ȻΪұȻȻҲ֡һ˵һ߳ʦȥ
ԭСˡʦ֪ҲûܴùΪƽֻܻˡ
ʦܣ˫ֱмЦˣϢ֮תͷŲյһؿЩڣ̲סӣûк˵㿴ʲô
Ƭ̺²յʣʦôˣ㲻ϲ
Щ飬ͺӲûϲ
岻ӣ˵ʱͶ˼
Ųæ˵ʦҶ˭
⻰ȷʵʵ
Ȼ֪Լ˭
һʱܿ˵˵ʱûл𣿡
ûаҾ㿴Ūûж롣
˼ҵĻˡ
Ҳ˵Եģֲһܹܵ
֮
·˰ʦֵܵ·ʱҲȶֺ󶯿ڵģֱ׳˵
ӲƱ磬ִǶֻ˵Ѽ˼Ƭ̣֮뵽ފԼĶ̵ǵҩ֮ǰĶԻ
ʦܣʦƵԵ
ⵤҩҩЧǿûʲô
ţֻԽĲǿΪߵСʿãġ
ފҩһĻ庰˸Ѽģ
ġ
˵ͷԵ˳ȥ˵ֻˡ
壬ʲôͳʲô徭Щкôĵҩ˿̵ԵֻЩõҩҲû룬ʹӽ
֮յ͵ǰ
ͷûһڣȻʣѼģ
ֵؿһۣ̩Ȼ˵ġ
ü
ûãǲܿһ˵һ䣺͵ġ
尴סͷ͵˶ʲôһֻѼҲֵ͵
̲֮סԼеǮԷϡϾոѼӵһĻʦҲˣ±֪Ըãֻһͷ۵ѵˣһʴ͵ġ
һʱûзӦ˵˭͵ˣ
Ȼ˵һֻѼȷʵֵ͵Ѽʦġ
һ㶣ö˶˵ĵʦʲô
˵˭ˡ
˵ֻǿտѼӵǸװģɵӣѰ鷳ˣ
ƺ֪˵ɵ˭ˡ
ɵҲ֪ԼڵԾ
Ϊ߷ߣһ콻棬һһգҲûкɫ
ҳʲô
ʡ
岻˵ʦԵҪԣҾԣ˭ûһʵ
лҪ˵
Ŀʼ


44 լԺ
ǸƢˡ
ӣϲϷˣ˿ĻֻˣԼһ߿ԵĲŤͷҪߡ
岻գڸ뿪֮ǰ˵֪֪ӺԹ
ŭĿԲ˵˭Թ
岻Ϊ˵˵ÿҸʦһ㶼Ҫ۾۸ˣˣ
Ҿǿ˳ۣغһ˵á
ҿ˳ۡ
˵˵ôʲô
ͻʹЩСֶ㻶ģʲô
ʦӲȥ̫ãȴȥ磬ǲ֪ԼＸֻފʦһ˾˺
ҲǣҲûȥ㣬ôԼ飡
Խ˵ԽҲԼֻԹҲⱧԹ
֮ǰô࣬صĲ䡣ڵãֻʦһ䣬ıԹһһ䣬˶ί
øһֱԹ嵥ֳ°ͣ˰죬ʵ벻ףԿȥʣ֪֪ڹܵĲǺӦùܵ£ǻЩԹŮԴ׵ŶΡ
ģıȷʵ˾֡
ԸֹŹֵĶռѲᣬ²µԭ򣬾ͽԵֱһ䣺òϲҰɣ
ԶȤ˵仰ʵ˵仰֮ҲЩţʹ֮ҲЩڡ
û뵽ֻһ£Ŀؿ壬˼вɣ˭ϲ㰡
˵䣬滰ûнų֡
û˵ѡ
룬Ķռǳϧѣڿ֮飬˶ռѵ롣
ҪԭҲܼ򵥣ֻΨһĺѣŻᵣĺѱߣʼĳʦܡ
¹ȥûãʦܾͺ壬һԸԸΪ¡
ûдӦʦЩʧԺܲ塣
룬ûпܵͲҪϣܾʦʦܵͷҲص뿪ˡ
ߺûãݴ֣ʦԶȥӰ˼ãƺʲô
Դ֮ײԼ⡭
Щ岢֪顣
ʦֿܷιܿ챻ѹ¡岻ٺѵĶռ԰ԺƵΣУҲʸ⣬ȡٴη
븵ַϵһܣûѪԵˡʶڸķʱûԽˡ
²⡣
ݻϲݵ˵徹Ȼ⡣
۵ر۾˵˵ֻﲻǺܿСʦ壬㲻Сˣ˵û֮ǰҪָֻţҲȥ߶Сʦ塣
ʵ̬ȣìܵ˵ǣ˵䣬巭˸Ӹסͷ
ˣͷʮķһ࣬˳Ļ˼ãôҲûķԵʲô
ʱǰصķźضһ£һֻ۳ŷ֮䣬Ŷĸš
ͷֱ˷ţƼǸ衶վǰĬؿ
̫ԡ
۾
Ϸߵһֱп⺢ӣ⺢а취뿪Щӵ۾͵͵ܳ
Ϸ֮ǰ˵Դߵ˹Ӻ󣬼;˿ޣĶÿ춼ȱ٣ҺԺĿݾʱƮͷ
Դˣǲʤţߵ˹ӣǷɷ»ӽ£Ҳ޷õƬ̵İ
û֮ǰ̫ү¼˳£˰ȥû뵽Ⱥ˰ᵽй·ֵûأû˰취ֻٴΰ˻
֪衶˳ȥ
ϣչϷ˵Ӷһ࣬ƿǰľš
ʱʱٻɫĻ粻ͣҡקŴûϣз紵˽
Ϸʹˣϲڻֻ̫һ̨ƣؿһԣŻԲѵķɣһᣬһ߾ú䣬ȥȴûйϡ
ӿһȦûҵûغõĴתͷصǰظϷιࡣ
Ϸ岻ãԲ̫ģֻһκʵ߲ˡ
ా˺ܾããʺ˼ҡ
ڲãԶٶȺ̧ιһں򴽣ֻһСĿڸ֮ǰĿڸв̫ͬ
˴̼ҲͿûӦֻһûزˣҧڣžòԾ³еĹֶͷһۣմŰһ⣬һ⡣
Ϸ˼˴ŭ̲סӣһŵع£ҪڽּͣϷɫһ䣬뵽ʲôһ㣬Լȥʮ⣬̳һڻմһɫָǡ
Сʲô
ǽ衶ĺӣŹ֣ݵƤǵĺӣ̲סü˵ţҳȥһ¡
ǺҲֻȥ
ȥ䣬һԣƵ֮ǰ;֡δ䣬֣ס衶ͷѹѹҪ⺢ǲʲôɾĶ
ųʶһȦȻ޷֡
Ͳˡ
ɿ֣ǺӲƳ˵ı飬ûж룬ַ̧ųʿõ̽棬Ҫ⺢ûжꡣ
ֻųȴ䲻⺢ϡ
ʯһСǺ󼸴Σû취վȡ
̽ʿ鿴쳣֮棬Բլûɷ⺢ûб긽ֻҪųʿ룬ѡ֮˵ϡ
ɴ˿̣ܸôӶòˣʵǹŹּˡ
Ųµ̽棬޷ʧЧԭɻ̽ã⺢ˣȷʵûа취á⺢Լּⲻǹլ⺢Ҳˡ
Ϊλ
ôʧЧˣ
벻ֻּͨҹŹֵرࡣ
ͬʱվڽֵϣҵ֮ǰЫͣµĵطǿ˼Ƭ̣˸׾ٵǰ£ȴûдκ˺
׾ǴӰֱ˵ϡ
źһľһשʯûһ˿ڻҶû£׾ûгɹһ
ɿͷϷƣԼղųֵ֪׾ûʧܣֻ֮󡭡ˡ
ˣ
ô᲻ˣ
׾
Ϊ׾ɹǰȴûб׻еı֣
ɻ̲סǰ
ʱոͣµĵط̧ͷ˿ҹա
֪ˣլԺĴͻȻ򿪣һλɫţﴧʲôе˳ȥ
ȥĲܼ˲ùغñײĴšԽԺڵʯʯʣһڵϴ󺰴У͵Ķȥģӻôɱģôڶķ
ݶԴ˲ȤջĿ⣬뿪ߺûãһƬƮ˹Ƭ֮ٴλصݷֵϵʯשˡ֮ǰܳͽլ﷿Žأ洫ӵǸǣҲ
Ůһ
ʮĶԻǰеĽŲһ٣ܿת


45 
ͣʯǰϤķ羰ݷһȤ¡
ڣֱһ˼ң⻧˼ּҲͬǰϾɣſڵ˻ҳԺֵԽǽͷǲֵҰݣͣפֻͨũ
̧Ų˲ȵϵשûлþڡ
һĵط
һĵط֮ǰס͵ĶĹͺ޵ĸˣסķɺĸˡ
һ˼ңͬĵص㣬ĸͬˡǰ־䣬ֻеϵʯשŷڸı䡣
ʲô
ʮڵʯשûʱССլԺֵǶĹֽϵʯשˣլԺֵƵķɡ֮ǰǺ޵ĿûӰǴδֹ
֪ܵõغעĻǱȻв֮ɿⲻ֮ǲŲСܡ
ҽֵʵڹŹ֣ݸǣĽַﲢûʲôԡ
ǼƺûзھĸˡûзֵԭʲôµԴͷǳ
£á֪ǰԵ뻳ǶЩϵүǰйأүǸȻּҡ
ݺ嶼ּ˵Ͳԡ
ּһҶǷˣ˵Ϊ˵ǲܻѰһСʮ겻䣬ֻ
ʮ꣬ǰֻ˶ʮ꣬߼һҲʮꡣ
ʮټһֻޣּǰҪǰƸһʮꡣ
һʮǰǲ֣ǽֵסһʮȻͬ˵Եģֻ˵ССլԺֵܱһʮǰһ
үôԲϵ£ͻȻǰ
˼ˣݷڽϵָ̲ס£ܿ뵽֡ˡ
﷢Ĺкܶ࣬ǰµĹ²ûС
ʵһǰһ˴ӹȥ˺˵˵Ĵ¡
ˣݲүпǹȥ͵ͷֻǲܶĹ˭һʮǰ񻳳ǾסĽַֲܷǵ쳣
ԵĲ˵լ仯仯ǶĹ򸾶ȴǲǶĹķޣûжԼĳסĽֵʣʱųڻǣǶûзֱ˴˵ĴڣԼؽ顣
ͬģҲûз¡
ⲻǼ򵥵ͣǸԻڸԵСأطǡɳͬһص㣬ǾͬߣΪ⣬ͬʱһϡ
»ǹͬĵطǹӲһҲ֪һߵĴڡܿǵӰصˣԼȴ֪ԼӰصһ
ǵУԼļլھӿ϶ûġģЩڻǵˡ
£ͣ½ŲȵվԭأŻһȦصʱֵϵשûˣ⻧˼Ҵ֮ǰ򸾣˶Ĺһҡ
̧֣һ׾£̼佫ǰĽֵըһӡʯʮˡ
ûã̧һȦȴӳǶʱֵϳש֮ǰըٵĵطȴû°ۼ
˿ȷʵͬĵطû´ּͬһطĹһǻڵס
֮ǰʯʧЧʩʧܣƺΪּңǲͬһˣΪû֮ǰµߣһּҶǡޡ
ֻ
ݶŽשĵطüͷԽԽ
룬ּҺͻصԵʲô
˵үһ֮ܳһٶĻΪʱңһǰүһʲôֽϿǵĺˣ

ԡ
׷غЫܾ֮ͣãֱӳڳլ˵غǲ쳣
ڡͻȻֵһٶǰլһǣ
ڻǷլͨȥּҡڵʱ䣿
񵽵լǳڻǳլ
벻ͨ벻ݱ۾غգһֱͣͣ˵غǷĹ֮غûҵνּҡ֮ǰڳѰҼζ޹һ
լҲһرҵĵط
Ϊȥһʵլͣڻֻʱĸı֣غⲻһֱԶԱȻǴڴҵʱ㣬ݸ򻳳ǰլڵصڡ
ڿܾڸתתȥʱżһص㡣
ֻլڵԭ򵽵ǲҲв׼
ʱ벻㡣ֻҪլ˻ڣ벻ܻͨ׵ġ
پЩ£ݻصլּҲŷּҳһš
˿ϷڴϣΪܵ˾ţһģ
Ժţ֣˭һ֣˺һүʳָˡ
ΧеĻţе䵭ԽЩˣ߸Ϸ˿ߣ̧ʳָָĲӣ˵䣿
ҡҡͷȴݰ£ϣְñ²סĺڷӿĸо
ݶĶ̫ˡ
ò̫ã⣬һѰû˵ĵطһ֮Ӧеľ롣
ּ֮Ҵүĸ׵û¶κξȵı֣תͷּҴүĳĴ
Щ⣬̧ͷݣȴݵԼǰԼʾԼ𿪿ڡ
ּҴүһ£Ϊûϸ̸ֻ˵ʮꡣ
䣬ûʲôĻʵ˭λʵʱţֻϷġ
ʩŽûãּҴү˵
ɳǲ֪Աɱĵʮ꣬ٹգԱ׵ˡ


46 
ʧȥӦеĴȡ
ͣеĶһƬհףּҴүĻȴ϶Է˵ٶȣһʱ
˸ո˵ʲô
ԣ
ĵʮꣿ
ʲô˼
˵һǧǰ
ʵⲻˡ
㱵ּҴүǲǺȶˣôվͿʼ˵˺ҪЦһԴ˳Էŵ˵뵽֮ǰʵǾ仰ЩЦˡ
ԤУ˽ʱȻǷʲô
ݻּǺ£˵ڻ£㣬ּҴүĻػЦ͹ˡ
Ӧ֪еɻ󣬿ݴʼնûתͷ͡
ָ˼Σ岻òѯʵĳ嶯ģȥķӦ
ݽʣʲô£Ǻʲô𣿡
ּҴү֪⻰ڲԼҲаǳа˼æ˵ûУûУҸͼĸʵˣҲûд֮ˣ
ȴ
ҵĸٻµļҵ㸸Լģ
ּҴү˵˵ļҵס
ݽʣô˵
ּҴүСҸеĸߵò游󣬾ʹ游ĶᵽƽҲᵽ游Ǳߵ¡
ͣסʣת˵ˣȥѸ
ּҴү֪ȥæȥҡ
ڼת˼Ȧûҵ㳶ɤӿʼ֡޷Ľ䣬ǸӣȥլƫƧĵط
֪ڸʲô
֮ǰ̽ӱͻȻĺסһ·ƾɵСԺ
ԺӿȥЩͷȱ٣ŴƾɣԺӲݺҶ洦ɼûסĻլ
ʱ˷ڴ
˸ĺԺӻס
Ǻŵƿšʱһͷƺڽиȥ
˽ȥһλصŮױǰһԼĶӣһŸ衣
ŮֻǸͨˣ֪⺢ӰԼԭ˫ֱվǰƬ̡
Ǻӽ˷ֱ˽ŮӵĻŮӻعſվǰĸ
ˣ
ϲ˵һ䣬һ߱Ǻĺ󱳣һԽŸľš
Ҫ˭ּҵ˵ݽԼȻܼ˷ʱ䣬Ҳ͸ˡ
·ϣˣŮ˭
ӱ鸴ӣƺǺᣬֻ˵ŮǰүûˣһӲѣƫҪס
Ӳ̫֪࣬˿϶ʲôû˵ǹŹֵ衶Ȼ·ȥԺӣּҼҴҵүŮȴסƾɵԺбȻ¡
£Լʲôʱߵﶼû֡ʱҲڣݼ˵ˣ棬Լķ˵
֮ǰҺ˺ܾöûзլլһֱͣڻ֮УʱԵɲŻ֡
ô˵Ͷˡ
غЫ֮һֱͣڳתתȥ˳ڹ۲լĳֺʧ
֮ڻͬʱͿռ䡣һڣһǹȥ
Ĺݻڵ£Ǵȷʱ䣬լһǧǰŹȥǲԵˡ֮ǰݵ׾֮ûã˳ΪһǧͣһǧǰеΪһǧʱ裬ǧǰûУΪһһǧǰڵޣ޷һǧǰ˺ܸıֻԼϵһС
ʱմҵ˼
ɻ֮Ϊλִҵʱߣ
ݹĵ࣬Ҳܹĵһǧǰһǧլ˻֮С
в׼飬˳һû뵽ûȴһŹֵĵط
˵ûլ֮һǧꡣǰϷ˵ڶ˽ģȴһǧǰڣϷʱϷȥڵա
ǿһ㣬ܿҪ˵ʲô
ŵʵǧǰǧǰǧǸӦÿһ¡
ʲôʡ
غⷢ쳣ЫӶլܾã˵լĹŹ֮ˣغ֣Ҳ˵֮ǰǾլǲ²£غ⿴լʱլûһλϷȣغеլǰƽͣΣķغ⿴ϷϷÿҪȥ˾Σ
䣬ı
غûмһλϷȡ
еġ
ЫȥϷ˵ĵطͣһʱ䡣˵ּҳڻǵʱظġ
˵˵ĺ֪ûǶʱլڻǵʱּ˹ʲôӣûϷˣּһᷢʲô£Ϸ˻ڳ⣬ּұԵϼƽ£
ʵƽ»Ǽⶼǧǰ飬Ϊ˵ּ޷ҵ¡ظֵĹȥ̫ǿ˲ӣ⣬˹Ϊ֮
˵һɡ
լʱֹͣġ
լʱּͣҳ֮ǰ
ү꣬ͷּ˵еģһʱ޷һǧĿȱɴ˿ɼּҵʱѭֻһΡ
ʱմҲֻһʱּԼ£סιǳһǧǰּԼֱʣѡⲻѡ񡣶ģеլǶڣҲΪǶµģιԼġ
һ˵լһǧ˵Ǹլֵ˺լǰӣûҪһۣȥһǧǰ˵֮УſԻصȥԿףԿֻŲһꡣ
ѵ˵
£гĬƬ̡
£һǧǰﾰһǧ󣬻صȥѡһһյƺڡ
Ϊȥʵ
˶ǰȥδҪҳһţˣܹˣҪǱѡ֮ӣҪǳ˼ķɡǰ߻Ǻߣ˶ͨ챾죬ҪĿǰ֪˶ǿ
µ˻š
˲ڣլỹڡ
µǡ˴ʼնûг˵ǰ
ĴߣһүΪծүּҵʱ䡣
լּҳǰʱ£Ҫۿլ³˲ߣرǿߡ
ͼʮΣգµⴳլ±֪ˣ˻ô
ԵүйأүǸ²Сδ֪ڣǷ˵屾Ͳȫ
ү˵ĹǰǷгֹүǷǶԹǷү֮ǰ
ĪأһֲĸоϮͷ
嶢ŵϵʯשؿʼ
ܷϣ뵽ʱµģµݺ͸ֻΣա
Ϊ˱ܿ跨ͣסּʱˣҪǰԵ
ͬwݺ͸˵š
ô飬ү̱ˣ궼ɢˡֻ֪𣬿ôһܲΪү̰Ǯү׷š
ݲ
תתȥǰʱһ£̧֣˵ʦһ¡
˵Ǹߵ˹ӵ衶ˣҴһԺүŮ
̵·
ҪȥŮʲô쳣ȴһ˵߰ɣȥˡ
ͦõģҲ֪үĴܲǾͲǡ
ΪԼ۸ݡ
ȴ棬ˣ˵˵ʲôɣ˵ϲԵԵ⿪϶ᱻԵҪؿȥҿ
֪ԼĿأͬҲڵģҲðʧǶڰۣһ֣˵ܴùյһ֪Ķ֣û׼ûͻˡ뿪û׼ϧһܶܶ꣬أԼһȡ
֪˵ȴ뿪ֻܲܲҪ־Լ磿
֪˵ֻתͷݣ˵Сʦ壬ߡ
ݲڡ
һʱļ̲סߣһסݵĸ첲ҪȥСʦ壬Ҳ⿪Եˣ߰ɣ
ʱˣ֣ͼ뿪ӲԼߣŵüۣƽߡ
弱ˣҶ˵Ҳˡ
峳֣ؿ˫л۾ʱ򣬰ԵĶԷֱС
˵£˵Ĳ㡣
лҪ˵
壺


47 
⡭
Լ£ô˵˵Ĳ㣿
üֵһַססĴ
˿ݵ۾һֱͣϣӰޱᶨ侲һóݵ˼
ݺ档
׼ˣ׼ˡ
鵽һòҪ
ǲῴȥ
ʵԭĵ˶֪ǹܶǹִˣֻ֮ǰ鲻ִ࣬ƫִһٳֽ֣飬֣֮ҲܾȨ
ƽﶼ廰ˣڽȫû׼һʱӦ
ǿӲ̬ǰҲֹ
һ˼ԽƮԽԶǰһ¡ʱȥһϻأ˽ϻصһҪϡ
ƻѪϻףӲ˴ڤһаԼΪˣףٻʹ
аȽϷռвʩߺͱȵ˶ɥ
֪еΣգֻһӱծѹžҪãû˰취Ϊֻܹܽƫ棬һϻصķӡ
ʱһֱߣÿ۾ܿʱ䳤ˣϵƣҲ˽⵽һףıӣҲûоֻܾһܲܺ
ûף֮ǰҲԼˣǲذԼЩõϣҪފĶһ£ֱװ˷ϡ
֮ķԸɽ׼ҩء
ǳɫҩԡɢһڷ̽ˮУڵɫһ𣬳ĵ˼ұа˼
֪ҩˮﶼʲôȥԵظܵʹϡ
ˮһ£ֲ
۾ΪʹһʱܽһԡͰ
ʱû۾Ϊҩފֻ˵һʦʹ
һԣݲб۾ɫѿ۾ףһ¶һ㲻һ⣬̧ԡͰ
˭
ٳٶۣҲ֪˲ފ
ݿԻ̧ͷټ졣ţ˭ֱ̧֣һѽˮ˳Ȼ˳ưϣϸϸؿһ顣
մųʪĺڷǳɫˮ£ڰƤһ类¹ˮۡ
һֻԼ˱ľϣ׵۾ȥȷԼǷϡ
̫߳ˡ
̫ѿˡ
ſ죬ڷ࣬۲죬һ޹ӡϸҲ֪˿ϵȫƲϺÿ
뵽üΪǸҪ뿪˻ᰴ뿪
Ŷˣµˮʰõĺԡ
״һӴ򿪿һۡ
մһխİ£˱ͦĵӢʮ㣬һ˫ɫ黨һմģ˿źÿϴŷǰƽͣǴ˻ĻѩֻźĶĵһ
Ԫ
κӲݡ

㡣
ٺƽЩ鱦һһó˵Щ鱦֡
ʵǷ۵ҪҲÿڴҪ˵Ļ
ݳĶһ飬ų˼ãһֱ˼û˼ȵ岻ͷغʱݺӿеĺӣ˫ֳס壬һһٵ˵Ҳⷨ׵ò˺á
˵գһס°ͣڲ֮ǰǰ侲ƽͣΪʲôҪã
˵ʱµķ˿ȡһΪ߳ܶƬ̣ع̧ٴƾܶԷ塣


48 ָ
岻ȥ˼˵ʲô
׼ҩԡﲻ֪ʲôҩˮζͷԷ裬۾ͱҩˮ̼׷ʹҪֳһΪ˿߳ܵһĻѰ
֪ʲô
ЩСĺͯݰϣΪԼϣܵ˼衣
ÿһζݷ
ȴֻ˵ػ
κܹ֣ڵѹס֣ʵ֪ãҪȥ
Ȼô죿ʱҵ£ĲԼҵӡ
ݶ£Դ˸ĵӣòݶľָֻš
ܳһʱ涼ûκ
˵仰֪ﶼЩʲô
û뿪ϵܵõݾǰվš
ԷĴڸкϢʮǿңѹ
ƺǱǾ仰ˣݵЩĵĻ˰죬ֻöԷһֱڿԼȴ֪ԷԼʱﶼЩʲô
Щ֮ǰݣ˿̰ݸеڡ
֪ΪΣȻڲʳ֮ǰϢΪĲ޷ʱɵ֡ã˿վǰݾǼʳޡ
ΪݵĺܲҪ뿪˺һ䣺ފ
ҩފڷ⣬ɷڵȴ֪Լʦ㱻һڵڷ⡣
֪Ĵ㡣
˽ԼܻӭעĴסʼŵƶʱֱ̧ۡ
廹ûеފȸֱܵ϶һֻ֣ŻδֻסԼȥĵطƿݲ·˽һһ߻˵ݣʲô
ΣյĽȸһԶȥĳֳ˰ȫźš
ɿץ֣һ㣬ϻаʲô
һ٣Ծܿ۾⡭Ҳû˷ӡ
ааվǺôҪаõҪĶһʼͷʲôҲ˵գóϵĻһԡ
һǴ˵еһ黨˽ʱȥּɫͬ·˲谭
Ƕ˫ɫ黨˿ڣеԹҲһ¡
˵£һΪ˵õ仨˲ˡݵĺãȥЩΣյĳֻʣ¸м
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ʱһݲܣֻԼ顣
岻ܲȥȰ
ʱȴקԼ֣˵û£ҡ
仰岢ûøˡ
ûκΰĸУΪѵüòݺ͸һͬȥּס
ʵݱլòܡ
˶˵޹زɷԲϣзӦغõĹأʿҲʿѭĹء޷͵쳣컯컯ӲǷʿӦùܵ¡
컯ֺܾãּ˿Ϊ֮
ǹԵ֣үϵ췣ʲôô飬嵣Լ۵ǣǲȰ
첻µزµӣҧʳָѪ۾ϣɳֱָүĺߣּûз
֮һЩԼϵ׷ֻϧûκη֡
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忴Ķóܰүȴ֪ΪβȥүҲ˵֪֪ʲô¡ߵ̬ȣµĵ֪ʲôֻ˵ڡ


49 
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Ҳ飬ķʽԣĵطҪһġ
Ҳݲĵףصס
忴Ÿݣ˵ĻС˵һ䡪á
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˸ֻô˭һ£ǰһƬڣʲôҲˡ
ΪΧЩļֵȥҸ
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󣬸ɤӣ˵Ǹʲôһ㣬ֽۣ˭˵˳ʲô飬ʻ㣬˳Ļػ顣
˵ͷһһ䣺˭
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51 
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һͷĺڷͷһһɢ۾Χһڲһϡ
˸ϵĳܲС˴ССĺɫӣҲ֪涼װʲô
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˿̣ҧһڸͽ˼£ޱȼѵȥϵȫɫм
ǳԵ˼ѣҲҪȶǿ࡭

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֪ǿ󲻵ã㱧Ե̬ȣ˼ֻͬǸɾġ
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ֶȴЦ˳ϹӵͷϹӵĲϣ˵ˣҵҲܾҵ

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̾˿͸һۣ⿪ͷϵֽûаסϵĺֻһֽˣǸֽ˿ڵһ˲䲻˵ģֻ˵


52 Ҫ

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ֶɽɱ˲գۣΪԼ̰ûٺˣϹֻһ·ˣȫ춨ĳͷδֻϹӣ̫үϲŵЩߣû׼ּҵԹ
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̫үϲŵĺߣû׼˵ЩԹ̫үӦòĶ
̫ү˳еַϡ

ù֣ͲֻԼһͬԹ
Ϊɽ̫үˣЩ˵ܾ˼˿Ĳֻ̫үҪ̫үҲһʧȥ˵Ŀࡣ̫үֹԼеּҵСһۡ
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Ҫ㳥ˡѺӵԣϹӵ֡
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衶ˣǰҲ˵Ϲ߰衶ꡣ
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衶ʱȥ֪µʱʮԡ
ϹĵʮҧֶôִԼ˵ŵʱּҵ췣ûг֡
լ췣衶ϳǸӣ
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Ҳõȴûǰּܹңܹ仯衶϶еġ
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Ϊˣ̫үϷĵ㣬Ůסм䣬һСյס
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ˣǰ衶ʱ򣬾ּҸ۵ʱϹ֮衶衶Ҳּ췣ˣƼйֵ˶λծծĽ
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֮Բߣ˳ҲϿԹ
ڵȣּҵıӦҲ˵ּծŵʱǰԺվŵЩߣĥּҵծּ֮ǰûг£Ȼ˰ּҡ
˲Ǳˣֻǳߵġ衶
Ϊּ˵ʱּ˶˵ǰʱ衶ߵӲ˹·ǣǾծծʱ衶ߵӺ󣬲֪ծ´ǰͿʼˡ
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Ϊɢ˻꣬衶ŻԵüΪ
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ǰʱȵĹӣ˳ɾϹѹƲסЩծı֡
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ͬϷǴΣ޵ʮְ
Ъ˹ٷıЩٰĹ£ϴǰ޵滨ʮֺÿȴҪ˼ֱ档
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ƺ֪ϹҪʲôֻûȥֱӡ
ǰķˣһһһأһǧǰĳľ࣬Ҳ翪ţܷ⽨̵
Ҳܲȳ»ҵݼޡµ۹нڼ󣬿񷨣ĹءѧΪԳԼµ۵Ƴ磬ܵµЩڼĹأĽŮӵޱҪعѵĸкܶ࣬һͬ·һΡѻڷŤ˵ǡ
ʱһڻϵĳԽԽ࣬ѹ˴
ʵ˵ķǸˣֻһʱ䲻ûôĸ飬Ҳ˵λһӡ
ֻǵʱرＴ㲻ڷһҲóȻţ¸дʲô鷳
Ҳû뵽ûã̫үʹֳˡ
ΪҪŮڷң̫үҪŮȥļױ˲Ǯ׼˵˸⣬ҪԷҷɹ֣öʸڷΪɽŮϳȥߡ
ʱΪ˴Լĺӣ̫үѾĻҲƣɳָָ㣬ŮһЩҲԸԼĺôһ
Ҽ̫үŮݺݵּһʣԽӻգãȾԼί־øί
ͷŮӽӻؼҵӺ٣һȺ˶һأȻƼһعصˣͻòعص࣬˵ĵĽֻ˵ּûأϵСĶ֪񷨣ֱǲͨĻ˶
Цּң˵ҷˣԺ˭ȥּ˵ףּҵСѣôȺ֪Ĵˣ˵ļҳСҲʲô֪طĺӡ
޵ԽģҪּңּ֮Ҵүһ߶ųŲ¶棬һ߲ҪԼӣվ·ߵָ۵˳һܷա
ּҴүַˣǸ˹ĵӣƽѵ˭˿ȴָЩƿڴ
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ַ˵ĻижͣԺһҪúչ˸ĸ뷨ûãһҹͻȻһΡ
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￴Ƿţջججȵĳҹ˯º죬һһɫӰվԼĴߡ
ѩ
Хѩɨֽ죬ԥãż·վ
Ȼһϵˮˣ˱ź˿ڣдʲô
￴ó˭ȴȥдʲô֪ˣҲլЩֽڼʲô˼Էû׼дϵĶЩԹ
һЩеԹ
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룬ԷҪּҳģľͲñܼ尾ˡ
˵ˣ֪µܲȴ뾭ֻ
Լ޳ܣеĺּҵլּҵıӦ
衶µ衶һߵƫƧԺȻҲֱͶС
һŵȥǰ߽ˣܵݾʱּ衶վ
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ȻԷԽдԽࡣ

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衶дЩӵʱֵޱȼѡ
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Ϊ˾衶˵̫үˣαƳ衶Ĺꡣ
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ʲõʿ㲻ԣȴԸȥΪʿԸС
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̥ЩǼĺȥЩ޴ȥλ῿Ķתַһһ֮תɸĺӣԴƽ̥еа
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˵ȥ̥һΪһһ㡣
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̥Ϲһ￴õ֪Լ衶Ѿˡ
ֵúܣ̥ˣĶһֱûдϹҲû˵ĸ壬ֻԼ̥󣬳ٶ۵ؿһۣŲŲ忿
ЩһֲҶ㡣
˼ӣֻ֣ﺦµУĶӡ
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ĹעӣºӺ󱾸ȥ˿ڴϣʮãȻؿԼ֣ƺԼΪʲôš
û˵ʲôֻ̧֮뿪
Եĺӣ֪ΪΣֻ⺢ӲǼͥ
ЩˣΪĴ˫޺۾ʱƼһš
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һЩָԹûиҿεˣײײ´ŬǷȥдһ仰
ǽġ
ܾöû
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ŷʱǷѾˣȡ֮һССİɫɻԼһīµİֽ
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ˡ
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գ͸ͬʱ˸
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˰һУƤЦرһգޱṵֻ̂߶ˡ
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䣬ͥͷƺǲеˮ¡ЦЦ֪Ҫη
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˶˵һ㿸죬Ҿ͸
˵ͷֻû˵ãǿ˾ͱ紵ˡ
һУݶǲеġ
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ͷ֪ΪЩج塣
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54 
޵ڸ߳ĵҲڸ̾˾µȥ
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ŮӲǻǳԭס֮ǰլռҵλá
Ǽͥȥּɢһǧԭסڼǰ
˶˭Ҳû˵
뿪ڳĴֳһûκθı䡣
լĳֺʧݵ꼻һ֡лǿ嶼Ҫ֮ǰּҵǲԼĻþ
жĽȫûн⿪ߵĸˡ
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ǲԣֺͥ嶼Ҫһ㡪ǰȻйء
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ǹ°ǣĮ׼
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ĵĮȫȥǿеĵâ¶ͱˡ
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ԴϬ֮ǰûжԴ·Ŀլһ˽֮ǰãûҵڣ·ȴڸȥҵʱˣԭ
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֪һ
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仰һһ΢۾һԿȥ뵽²˵
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Сʦ塭ǣ
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ʦ壿
ʵԽܣһգ˼ۣĿݿݡΪ𾪣һʱûӦ
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뵽Զԭʦüͷʱûǵͷ


55 ӱ
Ծ
˵Ļȫáڡֱȫ⼸仰˺ڰ׽޲̫ȷľ롣
ԽԽԭԸʣЩģתһΪ˰Լ־Լ˵̫൹ԵԼһԼûŵ¸ߵأȴҪվڵ¸ߵָݵĹŹָо
Ҳ뵱ʶĵİǡΪ˱Ҫ˵ĻһתСʦ塭֮Ʊ˺ܶࡣ
ûһɲˣһá
⣬Сʦ£û£ôͻȻı˵µķ
һ£ûС
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岻ţֻʲԭ
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⼸ȥˣߣ㱾ݣݵԸ˿ڿˮǰ壬⼸ڳǺܶΣûҵǡ
ǵݵûʲôغڳеķסˡ
ѻӸӡ
֪²ܣҲȥʣֻЦЦˡɫ˵غڳеķ󲻻غһֱĵĵطɣ
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˵úʵﲢغߵûнֻԼһ뿪ĽڣغµȫƵͷϣԼκҪеΡ
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Ųæֽ̧סָɹֽ÷飬ѸУ̧ۿİĸЦǸҵģ
ǸιġŸĸйҪʦǰҪʰ·硣ʦǸոգ㲻ʦ۲ֻۣʦûõʲôôôǿټ
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˿̻ûӦԪ忴Щĺ塣
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֮Ѹ廳һ͡
ȥӣ˸֣˺ڽʲôߵһԡ
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֮ǰĻ˲ľԣʼŴ̽Ϣ֮ǰЩ²̨˵ǣǶĻ
һӾͶ˼ҡҡͷ
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Ҳ
ӱߣһĲɵ죬һ߽´
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лҪ˵
ݣֳ޴ڵСʦX


56 
ɫĳŽʵıӰɫڷӳŲԵˮ棬ε۾
£߲޳ӰľɫС
µĶܿ죬ˮ֮ˮûؿڵƣ̧˫˵۾ת塣
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ƼһĻĸŪһˮ
ԸʹȻʲôȸڸǱˮеʱŸ¡
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·ŵһԣ屳Ÿ򴽣ſյǿķ񣬽ŲŹ֡
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üʪܵǰ鷢һ̹Ȼô˻±˿
⻰ζЩ̫ˡ
ˮУͣ븵ԶĵطҲ۾ҲƳһ䡰ڿʲôֻ˺ܾãҲûȵ˵仰˫ͬ۾һӱ˴˵ʱԷĽë촽·ʮ
ܰס
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ͬĲ԰ף׵úܽ
Ͳ󣬴һʱأʱʱͻ˵Щ֮ʱȻ仵˵壬˵ʱͻŶԷƤԴ˴ﵽ۸Ŀġ
ֻԭʵһ׼ĵطͲƽż
ĸߴ󣬸ļ򣬰ǰһֻֿ嵥壬һִֻӺ󷽿סĲӣȻץס壬ʱˮŶԷīƮԼǰʱҲϲֱۣĴˮӡ
ٸе񣬶󼴱ƣҲƤӡĺۼ
ǳɫӡðڴɰļԵ쳣֮ǰվһ˵ġʱſţϲűָЩӡϣֱԼŻջֲ
Բмûأ˱㲻ٸһˡ
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һָڸǰ˻ΣǸ˵ǰСʦңҲôġ
˵գתͷΪԼ˶ùˣһ£ЦŸĿڣˣˣʵҾ㳤ñСʦÿ˵仰뵽һķʽ
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˵⻰ʱﺬЦԼ˺ãΪҪһԽԽ˳ۡ
˵ﻰƲɼԼ͵ĻĶŵˡ
ʵһֱϲûйԵˣݺ͸ǳ࿡һ˪һţ˵ĹԶǿ͵ĳࡣ
ֻû뵽˵仰һԴ˴Ц
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ݣһԵĸüغص֮ǰʱ䡣


57 
Ÿֲ֪÷
һһ´ϵıûжı仯˫۾ѾǱˡ
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ǲ˻Ц棬廹Ǿ֮ǰ˵ĻΪԼ͸Ӹеͷ
ȻҶˣΧ۵ĸоʵǲܡ岻ѿĻþòЦݲŶţСʦôˣ
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һʱ⻰˵Ϲžÿһвʽ
ûͽʧӣ˵˵ںӱ߶ˣеĳת߽һƬɽ֡
ֵ֮סʳָýʣŤͷбӸֿߵĸǲźֻͣڸϣ
Լÿûӿһ˵עӡӰϣԼһԵȻѻһﻹδ򿪣ܵ˲һĹŹ֮
˵ָо
ǰһĪĳͻȻ֣ͷԷ裬קجȥ
վڰߵԼװɫﻹδãȸܵһֻѹıϡ
ָֺֻܴ΢֣סѹڱϵֺȣڵˮȴѹº󱳴⡣

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һƬհף֪ôشʻ
ʱ̧֣סǰѲ/ϵذףһƶ
ذ׷ֿϸƤ⣬ʯӻƬ
ݺ̣ܲ棬µʧǰǰѪˣһ飺ڣϲ𣿡
仰ϲᵽֱݻ˵Ļ
ҲѲʡ
޷ϲҲ޷ݴ˿̵Ϊ
ûⳡجͣá
ذ׵ٴʱһֻͻȻӱ֣塣һµĽΧĳ˲ɢȥȻͷִĸüͷŴӳˮͿʼ˵ɵվʲô
ŵѪˮڴ˿ʧ
屧Լװɫûʪ͸ҲûбˮС
ڣվڲԶɽڣﶼûгʪûһһ񡭡
ɲݣһ˰üģ̲סԼԼôˣ
Ϊʲôǰлþ֡
ΪʲôеݻԽԽ£
㲻һжôһ¡
ԽԽ
Ϊ鲻ã͸ûںӵ̫ͣá쵽ʱһ£תȥ
һ˻صԣûпԪ
жɣƼԪˣҪŪԷȥΪ̲סѰңûã𣺡ңҰԪ
ԭǰƶĲһ٣عͷŻվߵԼԡ
Ϊȥݣ֪Ҫ˵Ļ뿪ݣƼҰԪӣϾصػ
Ȼ
ԹԵ˵ûзһ¡ݸӹˡ
ڲ֪Լǣʿ붢òõˣԴԼһЩҪԴߵ˶ԷһЩָЦˬʵɲУȥ˻ġ
᣿ЦҶЩ˼Ҷ԰ʦЩ˼
Ͳֱ˵
ûǸ˼ȴֲԼĶȤ˵棬ȻؼϵĺڷŸݶ˵Ҵȥһö
ʲôöֵҿ岻ֻ˵ÿһ仰塣


58 ˼
岻ȥ
ʼ磬˵һ䣺㡣
⻰˵꣬˵Ϊʲô㣬һȥҡ
һ˵һָĳء˵㣬ʵȥ
Ӧ˽ҵΪˣҲЩðݺҵ顣ǾԼ⻰ûʲô˵˵ʱᡣ
屾Ǻܺȥʲô˵廹Ŀʼ«ʲôҩߺԭ˼Ƭ̣˳ָĵط˹ȥ
ûƭ塣
һô
һżӣƺҶΪµļڲǽɫ˼＾ʱΨãȴɪ˼ɵĴ⡣
£Χƺ¶ĸεĵطϣһֻ֧һֻȷƽмһλ̴ӡ
̴ӴݰףĽСһŮӵĺƤңű/Űĺۼ
Щزһġ˿ڡλƯݵ̴Ȼ۰˺óһʱ䡣
֮ǰ֪˻֪Ȥ
ΪʸУͣǰĲӣΪʲôǰ¶Լãһݸ淢ĻᣬҲΪڵʱ򣬴ŵڸ
ǡ
ԽԽģսȭͷ
ǰ²̴Ӳͬ룬侲ǵĿ͡
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û˵ǣ෴ܺô˵
ţˣŲ̴ӵȼ䣬ȫԼ⸱ӷŲŵ𣬵ˡ
һ˵һ߼̴ʹֲҽеı飬Цһʵô
壺ѵ㲻ã˶ΪǸ˺ƵľӣȴѹűǼ˼𣿡
ڸ彻ĵã㿴ݣǾǸ֪鰮ĴӣǸˣҰĹӲվǰʲôҾϲϲ˱˺ȥԣʲô֪ӣﳩ켫ˡ
˵գЦԽ񣬾Ȼ壺ϲϲ
̽һʧֻʣ޷ڵĺ
ɷϣܶ˵ְ˼ߡ
ͲϲºԽᵽ޲ǰʧ
Ϊˣ˶ͷûãʲôãȻ۾
ЩĶҪŭ
֪Ҳϲ㣬Ҳ֪ҿΪΪλҪҹôŪ˵ģ
һ˲䣬˵ͷѹס˼ߵܡ
ΪܣǺܿ챻ŭѹ£ſ죬ֱӴһ䣺ʦ壡
¶һǳЦ̧֣ݹһĨȥ̴ϵĺۼ
ٶȺܿ졣
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ݵʱ䣬ݵǰøղһĻŲŲæؿ壬ƺ뿴ô˵
۾ˡ
һͷڴ˿ŪҪʲô
룬˿̵ݵ˵˷ŵ£δػ֮ʲôͻܲ˳ۣ˲£˵Ļݲţ˻ѡ
Ҫǲ˵ҪСߣܶԷҫ̬
ߵһ֪˵ˡݻỳǸѻպʲô£Ҳ˵ǰĽУװױ˼£ܻ֣Ҫж
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ܽѡһѡ
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뵽֪Լͷŵˣû뵽ô߻ʹֲȴģ㲻ôʽĥˡ
ݳֵһ̣Ҳ˹˿˿ɫѿ壬ֿ˿ü֪֮䷢ʲô
ţһ
ݣססӵĿܣݵüۼ࣬ʣôˣ˭۸ˣ
Ͳָͷʲô
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뵽кȻһ׹⡣
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˵˼Цˡ
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ݿһ۵µĺۼҲûж˵ʲô
˵仰̧ͷţҪ˵˳˵һʩͼԸϡ
û뵽ûеݵ𷽲ŵ£ҲûĬĬܺҪʲô
µ岻£ЦŽˡ
״ٴεлл֮һʡĵˣݣСʦ壬ôûʦ壿
ݸͲԪҲ֪ܵȥ
ʱһվУֽ̧סзµ񣬼ϰһţ֪Լ֮ǰƵнչˡ
ţдűŤܵķ䣬⿪䣬һ䡪Ѻ͵ĶվͻᵽﻳǣϣֵܰɽӸݡ
仰ֽյŻŵķ¶һˬʵЦǸһģһķתصԡ
ʱԵڷָժҰ
Ƽ˫Цۣڸ߹ӵʱõļӣݺ͸ȥߣһһ𣬲ƹȥǰ㷴пܡ
ҲѧЦſøɾ˲еĹӣѹ͵ǰɫ˵
Ϊ⡣
򲻺˼ЦЦ˵ôңҲǽ軨׷ֻлžҵĴ
˵ʮֿ֮ǰ̬Ⱥ˲ֹһǰ㡣
ӣָ͹ȥ֮ԭĿݺŹӵĸˡ
лҪ˵
/û
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59 
ȥ壿ûнɽһۣ
忪ʼ̸ЩЩģйĹ¡
Ҫڽƽദûйڿȥֻ˳ŲͬĹ±Щص£ʶһӶ̾һԷѧżʶ㡣
Ļ¿еĹӣٰҧ۵Ĺһֵֻţһ˵ȥԾɽȤ
˵ͷſ˵Ϣƺʯͷʲôÿģ
򴽣ûǴԭ֮ǰ˵ȥɽ·ûãеɽֱƺʯͷ
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һҲԸ˵ô᲻ÿɽӺ׳࿴ߣؼʶҲࡣ
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ʶ뻹죬֪˵ĶʵϰҲϲԿ
뵽Ҫ£סˡ
Ϊ˲˶ϻԼĺ£˵˵ɽӺþ
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һӸ۾ѡ۲Ϊ
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ûҪӣҲ֪Ϊʲô˿̵ķΧôŹ֡
ڨڨһЦӷŵԼߡ
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֣ڻԵһֻӣҪֽӹȴ洫һߡ
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һ䣬ȥ֣Ͱ㼴ϵ춼ͣ
ΪĻ˶ǰӣ˼ٳԡǸոհƵһԣЦ⻰˵ģֻҪϣͻͬĥˣ˵СûһֻϣѾɱˣ㲻ӵһȣ
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ȴ˵ǹأ飬ʯˮ桢˲Ұ޶ٳˡתеĹӣĵ˵Ұ㣿µҩ㣿ժµĻ㣿Ƕ˿ܣѲɣǶںЩĵ飿
䣬ͰͬʱͷŹӺͮͮıƤƺ濴һȻҲŲˡ
Ƿ˹ӣǰĻѣʮָӡ
Ÿҧһڹӣһ˵˻ţʱ̫࣬йɣʳǳʳ
˵ɫԽԽѿ
һ֣ͰԶ
ܲˣڿɫӡӣֿϱץõҰЩͷ۵̾˿
Ϊ·ͻȻʱû͵ֻ˵Щˡ
û뵽ΪԼ븵ִһüЦҰٴηŵߣƵ˼ԡ
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ԶӺţҲ᲻ʱڵһ£ŸԶΪơ
˵˱ԼṰҲ֪ôԷ
˵˫Ŀŭɣһֱ̧ߵߣ̧еҰֱۺݺһ˦ҰԶԶӿ
ĩˣͷڵûۿＷһ䣺ҪϲԼȥ񡣡Ųһֱ̧һУѡ۲Ϊ

ƻոտʼͳ⡣
εĻֳ⣬˽ӴΣٱֳĳ羴ϲ֮˳ݱкøУ˵ʲôöԣպԾֳܵ˺Ƶݲ
ҪݻƷȵպѲħ֣Էϡ
ã֪󣬸ҲٰڲİȫΧ֪취ֻݺ͸ƫ϶һܳɹ
¶ĵŸӵҰλãƬ̣ЩԥԥȥݵķӦȻ󱻶Է۾һ
Сʦ壿忴ݵı飬ǰϷʱĴݣЩغһ䡣
ڿ
岻֪Ϊʲôôݵı֡Դںӱ߳˻þͺǳǱˮʱĺԼԷֿӺʱᡭ
֮ǰһĻһ˫޹ۣƶԸٿ˫۾
ϵͳ建ϢĻᡣ
ɫĪسǰ
֮ͬǰı֣ϵͳγֺֻʣ¼

ǳѹȸԵ֡
ԣ徹򵥵ϸܵ˼Ϊӵĸ
Ķ׼˭һ̧ųصĲߵݵǰ
ؿҲʲôҲĿʾӭ
ȵվãɨɾѣƤȥɽ
һҲ룬ɰԼղ˵Ļֻܵ˵ͷ
֪ˣҲһͷţס°ڣһȵؿʱǰ̽ӣ˫度µıһһٵ㲻˵Ҷ㲻ã̫ãС¶Ҫ鷳˼ң


60 Ѻ
ͻ޴롣
ûȥΪʲô˿ȹעˡԭʢŭı±ò̫Ҫ
ܲϣˡֻ˵ҲĽ
ΪҪ˻ȥɱЬӲŵ°һͣԭܿմ˻ҳǶԷҪŪһ
һ̣ҪӶԷ뿪òס
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ò԰׵ɫüۣ뵽岻õһƿ˫Σյ̧ۣ˲ŶԷ°ڵĽš
ƼһĻһֱװڵݻǰҵˡ
۵ЦЦ
ݶû˼
һ̣޷ӱݲס½뿪㲻Ϊʲôȴĵ״һֲȥʣ˾ͲȫΣԤС
һԭأƺڵѯԭ򣬼һֱӲԲ˫̽𽥱࣬ҹ̧һӣûѰҡԪĻᣬ޷ƽ͵һӦߣŵȴǰԪĳ档
УʱţѾͷȦˣʱҲ縵һΪҲҪԡ
ܸһ
һҹݺ͸ûϢá
һ磬ųʹͷ֪Լҹʲôʱ˯ġ
תӱݱ۾ƻûѡһͲӰȥܵȥɿŸݵı飬仰ȥʡ
ڶ۲층ݵɫԼѣ˵ϢĲˣӦ·ˡ
һ뵽ϵĺߣ֪ԼԵ
յ飬֮ղá˾һһԵİȻ̧ٵء
ĿּһֱװԼڵİԪſڵϣ棬ƨɣһʲô
ڸʲôͷ֮ͣ¡
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仰˵ûãվüҲһٹԼֱߵߣֱ۽ק
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һ䣺δȴ˳ʲô¡
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͸ͬʱͷƼ˵̴ӣæǰŲ쿴Էơ
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ֻʣһǿŵ˵
˵ʱ̴³һѪͫɢ˵˵Ƿʲôҽ߳϶졣
˵ôأҲˣֻΪ˶ǹ뿪
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Լ̴ƽħǸӡ
һ̴ӵͷ۵ʱħżֵʶһλħˣʱܲͬûΪħֱƫŭӸĵ׵Ҳ֪ħòˣҲħܺá
룬һϵħʧˣ˶ĺ¡
һһħһһʧ˸Ķܿζ
ΪԹǣһ˵ħ飬˿˵ʮֲǣ˿ûзĻ
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һĻ֪ھˣΪ˷ֲҲΪ⼸ľٶʼ˵ĵط롭


61 Ⱦ
Ǹ㲻ʲôݲõ·ߣȴƫҪǸ·ֻһȦȥأҪǸʲôѡţ
ǲԶĹٵԣһȺź´ߵΧһʱͣϢ
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ƿƲƲ죬ЩҲúѽԭ򣬱Ͼֻҵ˾35£У顢Ϳ˲
ΪİȫƿߵѹѹתͷͬΧסͶһ£ĵͨﱧԹɱ˳ع˵ȷʵøһֻǡҶ֪̫ʿ̫岻˰꽻أһ̫ʧůˣȻѰЩùͷ
˵䲻ĻҶ׹Աû⣬껹һᣬǵ̫󡭡
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δʱעⲻǿƵһ棬·ָһ׳һķ磬沼ˮ
ˮ︲ǿķѹסˮеһ޷ƶ
һ뿪ֻǰݴˣȫûпλ̴ӣΪһ鲻Ըͣ˲ӣݺݵص̴һۡ
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Ȼһ룬ˮȻӿɫĲƮˮУεеĸơţһżĺɫͷˮУˮʪҺڷ£һ˫ɷ۾
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˳߿ȥܹˮм䣬·һλβܳĺβˡ
Ǻβϻűɿİɫۡ
Ȼ֮ǰ׷ľˣ׷ʲô
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ڷɳ۴壬ͬʱء֮ݺҲѹˮУ޷ж
ǵıɱʺβ˵ԭҲ֪׷ԭ
ֻβӲץסʱ۾Լž綾ļͷֱǰ
ûãɫѪӿڱǶˮ棬βȫˣֻһûˮϷ
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һͷˮ忴Ÿڿеɵˡ
˵ȣһֱûֻڸע£ޱؿڣСʦ塣
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ΪѵЦЦԷˡ
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ݸߴ˧ӰһȣݻеӵĿ£˺ƺҶ
ϲ޳ĽǣĽЩʡһ𣬶û뿪ݻǿҡ
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ܲʦһֱֿʱҲˣʦǲӦȥô£
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62 
ݵк͸ȻóΪԵĶԱȡ
м㲻ݷҪ˵ԭԴ˿̵ľ뵽ݺ͸ֱŤ뷨ûֱˡ
ʮݡΪøʹġ
ҲӦ˵ûܵϲҪԼ
˵䲻ʵģֱգֻܸܵԴݵģ벻ݵĶ⡭
ʦ
ʦ塣
ͬʱڣͬʱ˱˴һۡ
סݵ䣬ѹĵӿĲʦ壬ȥǱʲôɺã
ʳָ̧ɿ塣
ִʱ̴ӵƼ˿̴۾ȵС˵ţ
֪ڸ̾ʲô
仰̴ӱ۾
ЦˣӣһԵĺˣװģزһûʲôõĶַºתˮϷ
̧һӣˮɢǰ£Ҫš
ּľŵһ̣ﴫһ䣺𶯣δ䣬һλźµ˵ײײ߹ֽסƺ˵úء
ƼĿ˸ûɵ˵㡭ǲǧ
˵ûߣǸʮӢꡣ
һͷ΢ǳɫԭ˲̫һϴ˾Σ·ʮö
ߵδ˵Լݱ˫һֱӹһԡ
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˲ǿģֱס֣˵˾Ա룬󾸳֮Ѻͷȥء
˿ںʹ˵ﴭһɫ԰׵Ҫȥ
Ϊ˱Լʧȥʶ˵˵Եɣܽһ·ϵ
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ˣһ˶˾ǻʼҵ棬˭ҲáڳƤ½ᵳӪ˽ðŴ󲻾ɱ˳˾Աˣһǲ³֪Լ꣬Ҳ޷Լ
һ㣬з˲˵࣬Ҫ˵ֻ
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ڵģһݵ䣬ϣԷҪӻһѡܱ
ݶƳһ۸ȻԽڣ·
ŵһֱעݿڴӦһ
˺Ȥеƣ뵱ЩڼֱеĴ¿
һʲô벻ͨΪЩ˲úûţƫҪȥЩѰĻƣ
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Խ˵ԽɲǽȰݶ
ݸꡣ
뵹һжæѯݵ֣ھ֪ԭ֮󣬸˵˼乧ά
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˿ѾĹעЩԴ׵С¡ݸԼ˲С鷳Ҳû룬ֱ˸סԼ֣ߡ
Ϊǰ˵ʲôֻקߵһһ˵֪Сʦ忴ֶˣСʦûҪȥصǳǵȨƵˡ
ϵЩ˵ĸɱˣ˵ǸͲ³ºǣʮָӡЩ֪ﳤ͵أǽᶨˣá
ѾӦˣֱ֪ţܲ¡Ǹ˾ĹԱǻҪֻһʱ䣬ʱŻȥˡ
һ˳ҲһϾӻǵػһ·̣Ҫõʱղ٣Ҫ˿϶Ѱ֣ʱǳɹʧܣ㶼ֻеһ⣬ڴĿ
ȫ˵ú棬ֻȰʵ˵λʱѾݲĻ׼û뵽ȴ˵á
һ㶣̲סͣ²Ťͷݡ
ݼ۾һգգ˵һΣġ
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Ϊһʱ˵ıΣʼΪԼĪĴĺеķ
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֮ǰΪݵĶݵĶöУڵΪݵĻѰ
ݵ˫ۣʵ޷˵͸ϵ׽Ҳ˼˵ݣݵܸһġΣСݵһһ
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ţһŵȥֻֻ֣һһ£ƺڰݣҲݵùǡ
ڰʲô
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ķ޷ܡ֮ǰ˵ӽݵĻԼ֣סݵ֣˼侲
һ۶棬֪ԼĲʱ֮͵͵һ۸ڵĸöԷҲôġ
˽˵ӣΪ˻ֻ֣侲ؿ棬һԲ뿪ˡ
ˡ
ˣ̸ڸ뿪ȥһ
ԼϷһиϵͳѲ˹ϵǹϽϵͳ񣬸ϵͳȨһʼʲôҪѯʵϵͳѾʼ𲻴Ӧֱӿ壬֡
¾ʲôС£岻ܿƵǱΣʮֲٲҲǵø֮ǰ˵ԼϲݣҪԶĻΪ˼æ뿪ȥҸ
˵ʵ岻ԼıڸʲôģΪ˼ᶨԴ˱Լݲ뷨Ĺ
֪ΣգʱֻųһûһµĻơ
һ׼ڽͣȴղźʦ˵ʲô
û˵ʲôȰСʦ岻Ҫ¡ƽ˿
ʣʦ˵ʲô
ʱӱ岻ܿƵռݣҲûֻ̫࣬˵ʦӦˡ
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ûôҰ˵Ļ˵ˣʦеӦˡ
˵ʦղǲҪ㰲ġֺȻͣ£ͷϵĺۼҶµʱһ֮ǰ侲׶عǣ˫ۣҾͲˣȻû˵ʲô˵ģǰĶΪγ֣
һ㶣ٶ۵Ĵע⵽ش˻
ܲˣͱ˵û˵α̬˵Ϊβ˵ôʦ֮ʲôܸ˵ĻҲʦ㵣ǵ£˵ʲôʲôҪپң
лҪ˵
꣺֪֪ҺΣ!
ݣֻ֪ȱһɱĻᣬͷϣɣ


63 Ҳ
˵ʲô
ô˵
ûеҪô˵
ЩƣҲЩꡣ
֪鲻ãҲûõȥֻŷŵһĻѹѹӲάסı飬ȥֱۣҪҪ˵
ͷϣ͡ԼҲֱ̧˦塣
Լӿ֣һһ̣ܿη塢˵ϵͳķꡢݡƢĸǰһеһжеƣͷ꣬ЩΪ⸵ѹ£ΪʱĶױ
ͷţ㹻ˣҪһֱȥ˭ܵ㣡ΪûзĵʱΪʲôʱҪ㣿
𣬸ϵıһգг˵һֿ͸壬ԱԳı˵ܲˣֱܲ˵ˣ㲻ˣҽַʦϣ׷ˣ
˵ģ׷֪ˣȻ֪ˣԼҲΪʲôŭΪһɫԴϬ˵ôģ֪գȴҷ𣬲ֹҪһƸ棬ҪҰʹ׼УҲڵ㲻ʦҵӺα𣿡
Ҳ˵
΢ķܻѡʱ֡
΢ʱһ
һҶƮ䣬֦ĵӰڵϣڸм䣬վµ˲һ׵ľ룬ȴǸɽ뺣һ㣬ֳļ϶
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븵Ļ
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Լܿص塣
ԡ
Լղſˮʱ飬Цˡ
˵öԡ
üִû˸Ի˼Ҳû˼
뿪֮ǰĽŲóĲӲ죬ȴûȵµĻᣬҲҲɡͷͷ֦込ķ϶ҶĬ£ҲҲڵɣµ˶û˵
⡢ǽ곳ĵڶμܡ
뿪˸صʱѾ˸̴ӣǸ˵̴˿Ǹ˾ԱΧС˵ʲô
嶢ıӰӿǹĴݵʧ
˶ԷһۣӶԷ߾ȴס
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ס˳޵ʹһ۾лգǶֵһΪ鶯࣬ȥȻƽģÿ
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ԷЦµգ˸ͷյ˭ǰ㿴㣬Ľ
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Ҫ߸ݾ޿ܣҪݴӴ˵ľ룬ҪԼøǰ
һȥ׾ӵĹϷ֪ճ߶ȵ˿һί΢ıּŲΪȥǳ˿⣬ȴĺϲ
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ڶߵ˫ƺˮۣ˺ȥΪʾõˡ
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ҧأȻ絶һûκα飬ȴһɫΣչâƳʵ뵽Լ֮ǰҲһûǰ
ԽԽġ
ʮַ˵Ķ棬գֻؿǡ
ѹûԽԽ㣬һ࣬ƳԶ̴ӣֿһۣҪ嶷ͻȻȥλ̴ӵߡ
ʵҲѧףֻѧ˵̴ӵߣþѹסֻͣýżһ¶Էֱۡ
ڵ˿۾
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Ҳ֪˵Լ˵
׶صһۣ죬˽ʲôŪǷǣ
˵գҲ£ֱվҪ뿪
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ⷬĻ˸Ķ䣬̶ͬ
̴֪ӻȥġΪ̴ⷬڶԼ˵뵽ԭıֺͳԭı֣ܿ첻˵ˡ
˶Էеġ޴
ǰֱŤ˼Ϊһ仰øΪأԼڵϵӰӣֻӰȥͬƿҲ˺ܶ࡭
һ㰵
ķһȥɽԡ
Ϣ棬ȥ˸µʬ塣
ȵϣŵ
ڵѡ
뿪˴ڻʱյּңʯٴηáҹ˲ֻȥҳʯʱΪصİԪʱݾͶŰԪ
ƼϲЦտ˹ȥ
֮ǰ̫ӽĲͬεס壬һְֻϣһְֻס屻ڷĲӡ
ʯڣļ࣬ǼŶԷĺڷŶԷȶȣһ˫ƽﾲˮü߹ԡ
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һ㿴Ķóɫķס۾Ȼһѱס壬˳⡣


64 
ǰһƬʲôҲ
Ϊĸйڴ˿̷ŴЩ֮ǰδķ磬ȶȣϢںڰƽ£𽥼ǿĴڸС
֪ݰֻ֪úܲݵĻ£Ҷ紵ɳɳ֪ʲôӵģֻ֪ڵ滺ĸо
죬ҪͶԷ˵˵͸ոſ͸ܵԷ֣Ӻ󷽸ס۾Ͷͷͷڶ·ǣµ˺
һֱġ
Ȼ֪ԷΪͻȻϣܿĶԷԸӴ
ΪҪԷ˵Լ˿̵ĵ뿪ġ˵Լжϲ£ϵȶȣҪԼȥһݡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ݲӴջģӴֻ᲻ΪԷе٣ƽؽת䡭
ΪԼֳɬԼһûϢ֮˼Ų¶Ӳ¶ӡȻʲôʲô
ҰοЧֻܽԼʵһ潻ݡ
ݴӺ󷽱壬ĺϡ尴ݵ֣ݻӾ䵽èȸ
ʮ޺ϸ۵ֱݽʵֱ۷һԵۡ
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ȵ⿾ã̴ֱϹϾİ⽻̴кõ֪ǲҪ˳Ϸߵ˵һЩԵġ
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ӵһþû˻ػԣЦǺǵ￴һۣȵطûˡ
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ڳУ㡰ֻв塣µĺɫǶԷݵ˵
ʲô
Ϊ𾪣ѿԼı顣
֮ǰ֮ദϸڣٿ忿Լ˼δֹϵһֱΪҲãҲãжǿһĶе죬ҲֵÿãֱŤӡ
˵ֻҪݲһֻҪֱŤϲ¡
Ϊ˸еˣͬҲΪ˸ܷŭУҪԿ棬浽ɰ
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жûͷǿ˴
ۿݱȥʱЦԼϷˣˡ
һ̣Ҫסȥôһ£ҲסֱӽһĻ˺١ȥѹס˻ʲôҲû
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ԼԺˡҲܺ󷽵Ļ᲻˵ϲ԰⣬ӲãԲ̫͵Ķ´ͣЩö
˵Ļƺذ˽ġ
ʮֵȻУ´νǰʺܲܽϾƤǼЦһġ
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ʵ˵˽֮䷢ʲôȴ˽˴˿̵ΪԼȷʵԵˡ
·ȫƿءݴ˿̵ױʲôȴܲϣ»һΪ
֪£ȵ̫ˡЩΪܶ˵£ݵǰͲʲô


65 
һΣεǽƻյﱻҪ
ΪһС·˳ͻָıݾڲԶǣҲûа취֡
ڣһֱЦҪѸܵԹȫйϡ
ʲô޷޲ƽؿЦһƷСʦǸһ𶼲һ𣡡
ЦԷһֻǳЦûе̫ãܿʧ
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ȻŻŵת벻֪ʱĸĿԡ
ԭ̧ͷ˵Цˡ
弱æͣҲǸ˼
ʲô˼侲һ𳤴˲һ㲻Ҫƭһ룬ȷ㿴ʦʱû˼
ûСԥ
ûжģ
治ɫûС
ʱǲˣΧȥҡҡͷ̾֡
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ȴͷ˵ǡ
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һƬհףĶһ䲻øոճ㿴һ߳Զԭж˾ӹ̣ż㷨ĳѾһ顣


66 
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һãûκ죬֪Ķʵֵһڵȵ˵Ӱ֡
ֻ˲ݸҲǰԪĿǰ


67 仯
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տڲԼ֮ǰЩС仰Ϊʲô͵


68 л
Լ彻꣬Լʲôȱµ£ԼļޡӢ·鱻ݷֺûкƤ˵ǣǴ󷽷س
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ţ˵ԼȸҪ˽ݣݵıУԼλãϸߵĳҲų˲ֺͽԣϵһͷûΪ˵õԷעĿҡβ
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ͷ˳֡
ʱ岻ǸɱģֻỳӺϸû֤ݣ޷渵ؾ˵ˣȴˣԶҲͲǸô¡ǸһһУԶûа취γ
ʱһøԼˣֻҪʱҹദ˵ȥͻı仯Ǵ￪ʼġ
Դˣ˵ĹϵҲ޷ء
ԶͲԼϵ⡣
µһľԼӮˡ
ֻˣӮûʲôϵҲ֪ΪĲַ˾˵ı仯
ȥķԸΪԼİȫûиĿڡ
¹ִҪݸ˵
ȷʵû㽻ǿƵģȴ˸һΪɱĴ
ƾʲôΪʲô
Ҳܲ͵վŻ¹ٻɵ񣬿Ÿ벻Ͽɵ飬ܾԼ뿪ԭȴԭ֮С
̼ǵԭҲúͬദʱв֪Լԭħ۵㣬뼸λʦµʦֽӴ
ʱʦǽȥˣܸˣҲǲԸͺظһֱ۲Щ˵ɫ
ʦǱߣúܿ죬ǰ˵˵֣ûлͷϡûãʦЦǾһ𣬸ÿһһС«˵ǣҪһץǶ˱ץסҪѺ«Ǹ
ʱʲôʦô˵ɵشź«ںɽҡ
ǶѩµúܴŶ̶̵ͷŲصѡµӰӺСױӰ֪ǲΪ㣬ܾöûҵ
ԭصţѩͣͷϣǸһɫñӡ
úÿ׾ɰ紵ˣͷպ˵ģֿƯź«ӾһپµСѩˡ
ފȥ棬һԲû÷ѩĴ븵ȫһ
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ʦ֪ԼСͽܵӶУʦĵ飬ڼĺҪʦ߸Ѱ˲顣
ʦֵ뷨ȴ֪ΪаǣԭУ»¶ġ壬ԭûԸԸⵣŲԼĹţ֪û˻ҲΪԼͣΪǲϲԼͽί
һ֮ǰһա
ʵ˵ڸ֮֮ǰƺûʲôͬ
¹ٺ͸֮ǰһǲ
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˵Ļ¸û˿Ҳû⣬Щ˲⣬ɱ¹ٴȥжʣʳҲԸݹݵ¡
ˡ
۾޷Լ˼ˮߵϢС
¡
ڸӱóʱһֻȵסĸ첲ƺѲõԼɵס˸ǰŻ¹ٺ˵ˡ
ûɿŸ֣ӣбǰĻ¹٣ǰ䲻֪ΪθǰһĻŸʷ飬
ҪĲ¡ֻһ¸ĹĸǷ
Ϊ˰︵Խת÷ɿ죬ץס˸Ψһվסŵһ㣬ֱ׳˵ǿЦǸħޣж˲ῴ
Ļü
岻ģǲ˵̫ǲǾУҲ᳤岻£ʿ֮뷲ûǣֻ˵һһа˵аλӦҲ֪ħͬˮôȷ̫ħ޶ԭûе⣿ôܿ϶ħ޲֪ԭݣôܿ϶˲ʱ⣬Ҫɱ޻ȻƵΪ˻Ÿжͻôܿ϶Ǹɱ꣬Ҫԭжͣ
۾ƣ˵Ѳɾƾ˵ԭӾҪΪһħ޵ĻȥѲΪһ˵ħޣԭҪʧȥһĵӣѲжҪħ޵ԭɱһ˵Ļķһ㣬Ҫ˵ԭжĹϵţǲţţƾʲô߶ǿ˵ƾô̫ίߵħ޾ֵţ
˵²ð졣̫ˣ㣬̫Ͳӻɱꡣ֮ǰ֤ȴϵΪøüѡ
ֱܹ֮׳˵Ща֮ڶ¶Է죬ʵкòҲûסħǷˣ̫ҵĶǲаħޣǲӣǸɸɾᷳʿЩѰƺİ취
ŪȨŮ֪ôԷãħӮŸңҲħŶԴ˴ﵽƺ̫ƽĽ
жǱߵ˼˭
жħ޺֮Ľ޴Ӳܣֻǲŵȥ˵
㣬ĵľǶվĸ߶ȣħ޺ͻ֧š̫֮˵ȥԲ˳棬ѹһѹ档
û˵ʲô嵲ǰ񻺺ࡣ
ǻ¹ټڿ֮ǰһֱ˵ͣƼָ̧źϼΣǱ˰εͷȻɵסˡ
Ȼ¹ٿԶ֮һֱλ¹Ҫˣǿ±Ȼִ󡣶˾ˣǺݣô˵Ϊάж棬ڻ¹ɵ֮վ˳˵ɽ뻤ԼĵҲǲ⣬ֻµôۡôֻɽһ˾ҪжǱߵ˼ɽӦҲҪֻһǾΪôɽһֱҲˣΪˡ
һǣ˳оɲΪ֮ŮĿŹ£Ĵ֮һǧڸ¡¹ǧڣѾС£ʻҲֻɽĻɽ˴ߣӲܺÿҲ̫ýҪˣɸ˵ĻȻ¹˵
ٻֻԼ̫һأ֪²úý̫±ȻΪʹǧںжЦ̸ʱ棬жĻȨΪһӰ
ԣһҪִ֮ǰ˽˶жȽ㡣
Ϊ˸˵ɽǵѴ벻ǣȴŸϾϾۣ֮£
֪Ϊݲɿڣǲ븵ȥж۾ѹڽϣɭȻأ
룬һۣܿĿڣжԭ޲͵˼֥ɽԸʱ˽ǣҿ򳤹ԣǻָ֥ɽಡġС¡
С£
͸ͬʱһ¡
üʲô߰ģ
һ㶣̹ϵǽҹﾭѵǵ𣿡
֮Բ۾֪Լ˵˻ЩεҺаԪˣΪҲ֪ġ


72 
ںܳһʱ͸ûͨ˵ʲô
Ǳ鲻ؿŸ룬ƶԷʲôĸ֣Щ׶ľӱѹĵ͸˭ҲԸôţط
Ѷ
ʳָһ£巴ӦһЩͷƿڸϵ۾ʱٿ壬Ҳûпݺ͸롣
ܿЩˣתͷԪƺҪӰԪϿʲô
ѱڴ˿ϵķâЩǣЩ㲻ó˵ѣſϣŸûа취˵ǡ
󣬰ı
ڰյΪԷر̬ܵȳȥŰıӰ֪Էʲô˼ǲƿ۾ִصŶԷش
Ƭ̺ûȵͷĸɳƵ˶˵û˵ѡ
عͷ̴ӷǸ˵̴߹
˸ոոؿڣؿض˵ҲˡңҲƭ㣬˵ʵҿԶ㷢ġ
˵̬ȳϿңˮ˵ѡ
Ǽİ⡣ͷб۾򴽣һ¡
ûим˳֪Լ࣬ΪԷĳķҡ
Ҳ֪ʲôֻ֪ĺڷ紵ңɫڼϺܲ
գ׶˽ʵԴͷ̴ϣܿۿǸ̴ӣҧгݵ˵˭վˣ
ܲã˱ѣֲԸϵ˿ɱѴġ
̴֪Ϊ̼ˣ˵ֻʵʵ˵֪ȴֻˣҪ˶˵û𣿿ûһĻģʲʲô壿ѵıƭһӣ
Ц£
̴һӣֻǹ㣡
ִʱһԼźһ
˿̣˲ͬһͬҵ˲֪Ӧĸ
ֻվ󣬲˽Щ˴塣
һʲôᣡٴסĸ첲ݺݵصŶ̴ӣˣ㲻ȥСʦ壡
£Ÿȥɸȴ󵹵˼ȥǰ
㣬ŸֱýӲ
忪ʼ䡣ƽǲ̧ŵĸ
Сʦ壿ڿݵĽŲһ޷ƶЩƣغһ䡣
İ
һ
ڽգǰݣǺ󷽵ĸȥһˡ
û䣬˾ǲӿĺ棬̲ıΣա
ˣˣ۵ĽŲƶתһ˫ζӶ塣
˱ζעУŸֱۺȻشǧ̵תǲʶһ㣬ɵɵضŸ
ıüһ
屻Էеĺ̵ŶԷֲԾɿҵͣԷԶĵطҲ״Է
ʱ˿̣һ˵İк޴ͬʱҲҵĺӣʧȥ˻ؼҵķ
ûʲô컹úõģôվͱ
Ϊθʼފص
岻⡣
ԼҪʧȥʲôʮֲӭŸİ񣬻ǲȥԷֻãȻתͷʶغһСʦ壿
ȫûоŵı֣۲ɫƬ̣Ϊҹȷʵһ𡣡
һڶը
һƬհףþû
һ
һ
ƷƷ仰ĬĬظ֣޷仰
ȥݺ͸ҵĸߣҲȥ˵ԭݣȥʲôֻ֪Ϊҹȥݣֻ֪֮䶼ʲôΪȫûӡ
ʱҲ˸׼
ˡ
˵ڸ˵ˡ
ʮ˽ѵӣգۣĶǸʲô飿
뵽ʼе¡¸֣͸·Ϊ仰ɢˡ
Ϊ˲ԷģŸʼԼ˵侲ֻȸŭ𷢳ȶסһͬľ
ΪˣܻţŸӻ
ΪˣһһȰ˵Լ侲
Ҳ֪ǲ仰ЧأԼ侲֪˿̵ѾŵݻҪ˵ʲôı֡
ΪԽܣ͸ͬʱݻû˵ӡ
ûлͷ֪ɫ֪Էʲôƽſһ̣巢ֶҲſ죬˵֮ǰݺɫһ䣬Ȼ֣ƺҪ
Ƽݵ֣ʶһԶһ£ܵз紵ذν
ɳ
ɫĹһζ
۾ĿݵĶƶ
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ݵĽ󷢳һޱ֪طݰνԭΪһ롣
ֱʱ嶼֪Լˡ
ƣر۾ͷվ£΢ĳӵļȴס
оɫδ䣬Ծɰݣů֦ͷк£һ͵ٲ͵Уȴݰ׵Ľ͸ͨ͸ҪɢڹʱޱΧľɫ֮ǰһһ˶ᱣ֮ǰһġ
廹ǵã˵ԼģҲҲǵãĸ˵Լފһ
Ϊ˵ǲһ̲ס룬Լһ
ȷʵһ
ފ
ފܺãԼı㣬˵٣ǹİȴΪͣԼĽŲֻڲ漰Լ
Ǹ
ܺãҲԸΪͣԼĽŲ˸ԼފһҲˡ
γˣ
ܶǸܸĶˣɵͷõʲô
˵ﻰܶ˿̵ĸܡҲȸġ
Էŵʱƶ廹Цˡ
Լ˵ûʲôһһҲ
࿳ȥĽסݵ֣ͷҲص˵ʶˣ
һٸҹ
ദʱܴϵõʲô
˸ĸµĶ㻻ѣѲֻΪ㣬Һã㣿
㱻ͬΪʱʦΣѲҲǱͼ
ʲôֵͼģָͼʲôͼӰԵͼçײΪ˵õСʦĳ谮
˵˵žЦˣЦ˰ֺ۾ǧһ䣺㲻ҡ


73 仯
˭ģ
ͺںľϣǳǳĵӰ
ԭĪĸһƦŮ˰ϣָǰȥöϸϡ
ĵмڲϣƹûŮӸսʱİСĵع۲Ÿźڼ׵ӣԼͻȻУѯŮˡ
ŮˡӢǰƦ٬˵µ̬࣬ൽǱһˡ
ƹ̣ɫֱ䣬ŵؿӢǰĶһ۾ͿǰʱĻ
ƷߣƷһһĺֻΪж̫һټҲ˲˹ע˲ļǮֻǱյȻֵעʱҲû뵽˻ûãȺ˾
һʱǰ
ոһݻͣӾͷһŮ߽ѯⶫҡʱŮһֻ˵ѰģûԷûãһȺźڼ׵ӱ˽һСȫס
ʱ֪Ůݲһ㣬ɺҲˣֻΪ˼˵İȫƴȥջʱԼⶫʲôˡ
¼ıӣã˿ջӣŵظӢˣ¹ȥ̫ãľСòˣֻǵù䵱˴ԭӵѣӦǸʿ
˳ʲôжߣƹһżǲá
ԭ
ӢɫЩѿ
ʲʹƹ˵ȫߵǰڿڵλ˵£Ǵԭȥģ˭ƹˡ
ڣɫָεķ֡
ӢõľֵĽģʼýŲ
Ƭ̺󣬳˵оȥ˵񺣣˲ʿﲻзӦܿ˭У⣬һ˱ˣһӡ
Ů˵ͳӢص:ǡ
£ñʢȥԭԭһ̽ҪСģ˷ˡҶ֪Ҿʹǣһ𣿡
Ӣó仰˵Цһɫǣ
棬ľĲԶ
ȻԵûӢĻش
ȳ˵Լ˵Ļҡҡλεǰȥ
ʯ·ϣ̤̤ö복˵ΪԵķ
һ£ŵݵĶңݳ˵뿪Ӣ˵߷Χſ˵ֲҲԭԭԭʲô
ʵ벻ܳ׵Ҫȥʲôر֮һֱû⺢¶桭ݳʮԻԭӦûйڡ
Ȩ꣬˲ʯĳȴô˵ʱƲסĵ׵ĺ⣬ŭҪȥûйڲҪҪˡ
ݳžһ
ŮصطеĲյԹ޵Ť
ԭҵĶӣҶˣһҪԭ˲úԽҶĺ⣡
ݳûֹŮˣȴŮ˵һǸӣҪΣ
ΣŮóʲô̫ӵĶãҶΪã
ʧزʱģŮ˺ܿ侲赭дļ仰˼ٴζĳ֣ԸóֵĶôõΣ͸øлˡ
ݳ첻˵
еʵʥϲǸڼ
곤̫Ȩ̫ƳóʧȻʵΣӵף󳤹ɱԼķػж̫ӲݣŪ̫ӡ
̫󣬳Ϊ˴ĥǰ̫̫֮ӳ˿ܵۻʣǺһӰ¡
жж˶֪ŮЩصֻ̫ԼĶӡ
͵ĶϢжҪΪٱһΡ

ȷʵһ𡣡
ݳϺ󣬹ĳЦڸ֣߳ĵ׹űѹƵħ˳
ħͻ֣ɫĶ޴Ƭһĵƶסĸһֱѵĸоյøۣݵıѣôһ
ʱŷ֣ǸʮְĽʦ˿塣
ݲ
ܲһ𣬸ܲƭ
ͷʹҪѿ
Ϊȶħģϴڴ˿̱쳣̡һƬһ˫ͫ͵ŹЦԽԽ
ˡ
ǲסԼʲô仯ֻģظܵƬ·Ⲽȫ
ޡʧŰȸһ̻һֻѰ󱬷ĳڡ
ԣ˫ͫʱֱ˺ɫɫָһһѻȲԵ䵶
䵶׼ķˣ塣
ôˣ
ַʲô
ƣˣֻԼ岻ĿƣҲڵħסһɸɾ
ʱɥʧңûʲôĿܡ
ⰵ۾һ̱һȴ͸Լ۾淢£ȴûκʵС
Լ֣ҲݵסĶݵûݿ
ʲôϵ
˼һĻʲôӱܵ˼Ϊ˱۾سˮС
ݶԼ֣ⰵ࣬Լ֮ǰһתý͵ԼĻȻת뿪ߡ
ƶԶһЩŷָϳƬ·ԼԷ۾˺ɫ
ǰŸȴһȫǸĸо
ϵɱ̫ˡ
ɫƯøӳʡϵıЩݣȴݶһΣհ㲻˵ֻվǳǿˣҲЩ˺ӵĴڡ
ţ˫۾ʲôﲻ¶û˾⡣ֺì֪ܵΣգ̲סҪҪ˫ΣյԼӰ
˫۾徹һѾϣͣϵĴ
۾ĸڱݵס֮󲻻Ųæ̧ĴһȦҪŪԼĶƶ۾ͣϣԼֿ˼ۡ
ˣԼ˵Īһ䣬ӺһνӴ˵塣ֿΧЩˣĿЩ˵˼飬˫ɫӶݿ˰죬Ȼ¶һЦ
˳ۡ
ûͷûβ˵һͷˮĻ׼ʲô
廹δʲô⣬ظܵǰһϮ
ٴαϮɴ۾㵵ؿǰͻȻǰһְֻԺƺֻҪһܴһֶֻݵ۾üָȥݵ
Ķ̫죬쵽֪ôġ
ӻʳĹٻƼһĻȻֶòӡΪţ¹һסԵĸ룬ʲô죡ȥæ
£¹ٵȲ֣һҧԼǰȥһ˫ǵֻмݺ͸м塣
Ȼø֣ڸֵһ̧𳤽һն˸Ұצӵָףļ򣬰Լ
壬Ŀ𺣬Ÿ˵ֲҪ¡
˵ŹֵЦһԱȣ˵ô˵ƾʵƾһʱ
˵ƺʲôĿУ벻Լ˸棬ֱһ󣬳Ÿͷѹȥ
ʵĸȴͷԲεǧʱָһɵشݲúõ󷨡
ɢķ紵۾ֱ̧סٶԽԽԾ
˵ļڷ֣֮ڶ߷Ŵ紵۾ɫ԰ףؿڣججؿˣҲ֪Լ븵ֽԭ򣬺ܿ޷ѵͷԡ
óȣħռϷ磬ȴ֪仰ʲô˼Ϊ岻Ҳû˼ϸ룬ݺ͸һһһԵȥ
ڻ֮ǰһۣתͷݷ񣬲ر۾ѵʱݻ
ݺڷɢң±ѪȾ죬ӶǽˣͦúֱȴǱ
û뵽ݻˣŵؿݣּԷ˿ڣЩ٬𡪡
ˣ
һ٣˳ĵطȥԼݶһɽּŪһɫķסǣ̲ԡ
ڷŻ赹ˣ岻֪֮ǰʲôҲ֪ΪɽⲻСɽһɨ֮ǰ壬ֹ˵ݺжβġ
Ǿ˲˵ģǸ˵ġ
ŶԷֱ˵ݣĸ״̬ʮֲ
˿ؿľʯϣĺɫβ˳žʯ£β͵ײһȦɫԲԲ׼ķݡ䶼ʯ֮УȻǸ
ٳٶҲܿóȣûѹסԣԹӰͬˡ
аҪͬԭд
ڸȵʱԹǻƴͬԼ͸ĿĲռݸ壬øΪһԡʱĸаӰ죬˼ά嶼Կȥֻ֪£ȴ֪֮ǰ׼ԼֵԵ˼Թ˳ӦŸĵ׵Ķ˳
˿ãˣҲŪ£ֻ֪ôûӰ˵ĸҲ֪Χݵԭʲô
ݱĿӣ岻ݣԼ˹ľֲԸ⿴ֻܾݵĻݵ°Ϳ֪ԼĽëΪ̧Ķø
ô룬һԴ󷽷ع۲
Ŀ⣬ǳɫü΢΢𣬰׾ΪмʤµĲ̬С
ŶԷǸʵӣŶԷݻûӣһĹ򡣡
Ƴһۣûнӻ
״ſ죬¶ĸСش˸Ƿ۾壬¶İɫĴص
ԼǸĵˣҲοԼֻԼʱ䣬ʱһ䣬Ƿܼһ㡣
ڵɢҪʲô۾ʶԷô
ʱв׼ǸԵ֧ϰһ㵭ɫĹڿŹ壬ĵϲƤ


74 
岻ͼһħ˵ҲûԽܵı֡
䵭ʣʦϵŪã
ޱ:ǡ
һԵƣۼȻҲû˳Է˭ѲýԼ
ԺϾؿ壬ϵȷʵԼµġ
ΪԷõǸﲻǺԡʱ޾µ˵Цһû뵽Ҳǻ˵Ц
ĳǰţȥ֮ˣɵϣ㱧ܵ
ֱ治٣ԷԱ۾Ϣ
ƯûΪķ̶ŭ
岻Լƽ㲻ǸСС壬ûж˵ѵɣϵȷʵԼŪáϲû
ʲô˼
΢΢۾̲סŤͷԣõ˵š
ϲҪƤϲݵͲ˶Է
ϲôݵҪôࣿδ̫ƽˣ
̲סԵĻ͸˵ĻϵһһѪۡ
Ѫˡ
˫ѹӣаεϴźͯո΢Уչֵ쾡¡
屾ԷɿڸĲ޺ȻӿԽԽء
Ϊȵ˺ѷΣ֮ܿǰöɳƵͳ
̲ס˵ΪϲҪţϲҾҪƤ
еĲƽԲΪҿʱ뿿ҿʱͷۡҲҪ㣬Ҫ
ԭˡ
Ȼ岻ϲ˵նԸĻȫԵͷϡЦһ˵㲻ϲңҪϲҵҪҵƤɵҵƤҵͲ˿ʱ㻹Ƥʲôϲһ̲⣿
ϲ˵ķʽЩԣû뵽ǰԻ˵ǡ
Է˵ĺܼ࣬ƺûԻ˼ֵֺĻʻʱʵش
˵ʱͲϲˡ
ü
˼ҵƤʱҲ񣬾Ͳϲҵˣ
Ĭ˵ûлش
Էڸʹ˿ֵ̱ɢûԵǴֵĽŸУʶԷΪΣ
ǴƢܲõʱ˵ҲϲĶˣѡţȥҾͲῴˡƤӲÿҿҲˣ˾Ͳˡ
ûпЦ
û뵽ġ
Ƭ̣ŭ˵ƾʲôҪΪϲͲıԼٶ𣿡
ԼѪĸ죬΢΢üͷͼһҪһ嶨µƹءѵʦûи߹㣬ԵĲܽǽˡ
ΪԼΪ£ȴ˵ǵѪڵҲϲСĶ
СĶ岻ϲ˵ֱ۾
ԿһԵĶûб仯ȴ˵ֵǵѪһ
һ˲䲻֪Ӧ˵ʲô
ıԹͬСˣʲô
ıЦˡ
ǰһոһǵѪֱĪ
̣۲ΪⲻѪźɫѪȾ˲԰׵Ĵ죬ؿݵĻ
һӣûõɽٴԵϵѪ
ʲô۾ؿ棬һһٵҪģ±ƤҲŪѪܵģʲô
Աһ䣬ûаΣգͱݺƣʱƽȫǴ˵߳ɲƵĴ֡
㲻ϲƤƺǸ⿴ǵѪԲб۾壬۾ϵ˵ǾͲƤҰӽأҲѪˡ
ƮƮĸƻ֮ǰԻĻڣ
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屻⸱а̵ѡ۲Ϊ
ȴ۾֮˵ѵɾĵط죬ѶˣҲ˷ѡ
һ䣬屾Ѿϵ۾ٴȫʲô˼
лҪ˵
壺ôص벻˰˿ڣͶҵǣ˰ݣ˵˻㵽ϲ˭
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75 ֪
ʶĶԻЩʧƬ̺ջĿ⣬ŶԷβͣһ䣺ħԣ
˵ǡ
ʲô˵
ԴмҾ˵ߵ˶ԣҾԡ˵ʱԲȤط壬Ϊλ֪£Ϊʣ
ԷֻԵһͷûǰļҲ
û֪ԷݣҲ˶Է£:β
βͷ̧βͣ棬չβ͸β
βһ̱Ϻɫ
忴ˣҲҲû⡣
һʱ쵽ˣڵȴڼ䣬һֱݣ˼ΰǡ
嵣ĵһ¹䵽ûк³Ϊʱ쵽ʱƵƵԡ
䱸Ŀʧ
ԲϲĿ⡣
ٿңҾͰ۾ڳ
š
ԲǺ̬ȣ̽Ŀ⣬ʱһĹڳѺ۵һ̣ϸָ˹ûֱץ塣
屻ץһסԷ֣ȴܲ˶ԷӵĶ
壬˫۾ϵĶʱᣬʱأڿҪҪ֡
岻ǲ֪ԷǸΣյԷĶϤǰȥıüΪʹࡣ
û˵ôᶨ
Էĺɱûʱ䡣
ɱԼ뷨ԷĿɱ˵ԥࡣൽȥԣδػɱĸо
ǲ뿪ڡ
֪ԷԼ̬ȣǼŷ븵ڶԷǰ¶һ⣬öԷ
ԣԶԷЩԥ̬ȣֻĴԵֱۡ
ŶԷԼвԷǺԽѣŶԷָ̲סһЩ

˼㱵ʱͷĵһɣֱ̱ӵڵϡ
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ʱ⥽ɽһ̧̣֣忴Ľ仮һڸڵĶݵĶſ¶һ˿ʵı顣
⥲סԵһ̣ߣֱӱ뿪ɽ
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궤ħħɵƷ˱Թͬĸ
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벻ͨԭֻûǰǰ
⥴˸ãûлػ
˫ֱŲ£˵ݲӦҲܴΪʲôҪô裡
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ǲǸҪ
ǰֱ׳ػػ˵߳ŭؿɽڡ
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⥽˵:ʱΪˣ滹һ׷ǡȥСԣô뿪𣿻㿪Ҳ룬ˣݲͽܴ˵Ľ뿪ǲҪȥһǧݣ·¹࣬ͺǲϼѣ
Ƭ̣˵ЩΪ˵ĺеôû뵽
ί˵ȱһЩĶ
öԷˣŸ㲵ûмƽûӵ飬ֻڸǰǸô
˵˭֪
⥱Ȱڵⲻݻ᲻øٻԭǸԸԸٻԭ
뵽ԷԸ⥲ø֪ݺһ󣬻޽ٵطԭΪЩͷۡ
Ѱӣȥɣɸǣ㲻뿪ݵĹơ
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Сʦ壡
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ûݵǱ̨ʣﻹ˵ϸʩ˼롣Ų»ݣҲûȥҹ﷢顣
ĵߣȥЩҩֲİһΪ¼
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һֱ˫Ŀ˯źֱۣ˼ؿ塣
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ݳһ¸סĻ棬˫˱òƽ
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š
ۡ
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ݱ鲻䣬ٴλػּ֮ƶ˳ڹ¡
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һʶԼЩȻҲ֪ϲԷ㲻㽿ܾúͶԷںҹ￿̫Ǻܰȫ̲סҪԷΪһǰŲ壬һ˻ԭأݿֿѹסϲԷ˼һԷڵķŲСʵʵؿڶԷߡ
֮Сذסû˵ֱۣ˵ɲˡ
ݵ˵ͷԼ֣˵á
˵֮ס֣ҲԼûˣֱӰ尴ڻͷսԷ:ǣ¿𣿡
⼸ڻ뱻ѹĻ棬ֻ׽ѾĥĲˡݻһԸһỶ䣬ֻЩ˺ִ顣
̫˴飬Ϊ˿ܹɺ˵ʱ˵ãȴһ˵һҪ顣
ʱ֡
ֲ̬ǿƫִľ
еȴû˫۾뿪Լ
յǰ첻һƼŵģûһͷֻͷöͷĶͷǱ۾¶ȣȻ˫Ϭۣͷ壬˵:ǲˣ
գգۣû˵
ݹ˹죬˵ԼĻȣ:һĻᡣ


76 ̹
Ӳݶʱͷϲ˼Ӳݣѹĺۡ
㶵ԭأ벻Լô˯ȥģֻǰλЩʹ
Ƭ̣ݱƾСݵĴߴûóȻŶԷֻڶԷԼͷֻûãԼŲԼֱ
һǼԵֱֿ˿Լľգգ۾ֻշʱµġ뷨ûã룬ԭСʦҲǻͷġ
ҡҡͷϵͷʱֿԼָ׷Щĺۼ˴ָ⣬ȫʹ
ʣָŲԼѪ
֣һʱЩס
ûǴղûץԼҲûץԣϵѪǴģ
Сʦ壿
ЦôץСʦ壡
ϵѪǡ
ޱ˼ãʱΪڴݶһ¡Ⲷ׽ݵĶݣСʦ壬ôˣһ߹ĶԷһյ£ѯ˵ҹһ˼Ҳ֪Ϊʲôῴҹһ
ݣֲ̧鿴ݵʱ˫ɫƿһЩ˶̬ȴ׽Щ롣
Ϊٴ
ϸ֮󣬱룬ݸǲ֪ζ
֪Լôݣ忪ʼȥǲݵ۾ˣΪЩܣŶ㲻áɢͷһͷˮţݺö˶˵ذͷץʲô
ʱ룬һݵ͸ͷһݵѡͷûãƶָݾĺۣ̲סգգ۾գգ۾
Ȼգ۾Ǻ۶ڡ
Сʦ塭гӣ
һʱӦԵһ䣬ϸһ²ŷֲǡ
Ǹҽޣʲô
ܷϣ⣬һ̣ĴԿհƬ̡
ݼ˵򴽣ָ̧סϵĺۣȷʣкۼ
屾˵У۾ͣݷŲӵ֣们ֱۣƼʵֱϵèץƵĺۼӸˡ
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Сʦ壿
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ݽӶĶɾ֮ǰ߹Ҫݸʲô£ҲԼǫ̃ʣֻӦʲô
ҹҵԭ򡣡
ѭѭȴԽԽԾ
ĬƬ̣񣬿ʼһԼݣСʦҪΣ
СʦΪҪף
СʦΪβƿң
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ЩٶԽԽ졣
ݲشֻ˵Щ£̲סսȭͷȥһУֻſڵ
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ݲǰ㼱꣬ƺһ뵽仰
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һֱһ𡣡

ȥôԡ

롢졢ȥˣ
ˣ֮󣬻¹ɵˡ
ȹϵϣԭתתȥҲҲ˭ɱá۶볤ΪҪԷǸʿñͣҪڿһֱָһ
벻֪ͻȻԭûΪĻʲôͬ᲻Ȥȥ壬ֻصж¸˾Ӣ
¹ټȰ¶˶ţˣԽң⼸λȥλӲõСӣǧٵȥˡ
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¹ûа취ֻſĶ˵һ䣺볤һ޵Ŀһͷ۾ɫѰ˵һЩ
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Ӱѹԣ޵Ŀͬ
ڸͻ¹Ϊ俪ʼļʱڳֽ˹۲Ľӵסˡ
ǲ֪Ǹͽʲôֻ֪аԵúܡ
븵ǰԼģϺû̫ãħһţźܿ쵽ħħбϴźɫ·˶ϵݿãŽڶ
һֱŮõźŅ[ɫ䡣ɫ仯ԭݺʧȥ䣬ҲǸ׷ˣ˵ʧʱжҲڡ
⼸֣һΣ΢վ
лҪ˵
ݣĻֱ򣬲ϴ֤ݣ޷ˣ
壺ֱֻлл


77 
֪Ϊԭģںѹȥ̹ףʼվݾӦ븵һ
Ϊ˽ԭģݶԸ䵭ŤΪԭģԸôã϶صݣ
ԣΪݵʦֶĺѣףǣΪ֮һЩĥѲġ
ԣδһݻϲ
ʵ޷ô˺ܳʱϲĻò˵˿̷Ķ䣬ߴ˵CPֹˣһߴ·ϲ
ֵֹʧãȥݵ۾
֮ǰݵĻһֱࡣ
Ϊݵ䣬Ҳϲ̸ģʼղ֪˼ݶû뵽ݻ
ҴûϲԼĵӣҲ֪ΪҪǣϲǸȥˮʱչҵˣΪܿʱȥˮʦ㣬ȻûʲôҪʦ˵ҲܶʦϺܾãֻͲһۡ
ĸ˵Ա̣԰׵ǿ̵˿˺ѲҲ˺ȥ
˿ǿƵһ⣬ǻ˵ЩܵĻֽ̬ȣʵѷС
ŹദĻ棬飬һ˲ݿԼ̲ס˵һԭһ˲ԭе趨ֲȷݶϲһ֡
ܸϲϲݣԭݶдʲô˵Լϲһ̣嶼ݣϨ˴ϸݵ˼ǰһֱҴ˿ҪҲǸݵĸ飬ݶĸ鵽ǲϲ
ӱܺͿܵ飬ҪݶԼϲݵĲӣǵݾȻºۼ޷ݵ档
ĵ˵Сʦϲϲ
ɱݣǰ̲סսŵ̽ԷСʦһǲ鰮ˣ̫Сʦ壬ʱҲֲԼ˼֪СʦǲǺһ
Լ˵·ݶϲóȴûд˼
ʼΪԼûʲôõģֺȤӣûǿʵĵزҲǶ񵽼㣬κйص顣Լƽ˼㣬ΨһϺõľݺÿ
ƲԭݣʵλУ˳úÿӻãϲݵ˲٣ɰ΢ԪԺ֮УõѡݶϲǴʲôʱʼġ
Աֻ벻ͨȫݲͬһϣ˵ϲȫͬˣôݵۣ
屾Ϊ˵ϣҲãȻ޴룬ȴض˵ҷֵԼ⡣ҹʱңҪһûǸ˼ҲҪӽ㡣
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ˣ֮䡭
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ǿ˼˵һ:ұΪǿãһֱ㷢֣ڿһˡҶģΪңҲǿԼ
߰ɣһҲûʲô¡ľ룬ƺΪķӦʼеġ
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۾ˣһ顣
򴽣˺εвݣӹŹ֣ȱ飬䲻Сʦϲ
ƺһ֪ܾûж˵ȴʱƿͷЩѿһֻһ
Ҫˡ
֪Լûʲôɿı֣Ȼ۸ݵĸоͷΪ˲¶һҪŪԼΪҹȥݣʼݻ⣬Ǹʯ
ʯݲΪʯҲ˱
뵽ȻʼҡЩȷԼȥݵԭ
һֱǿϲŻʯӰǻ淴һܾ飬ݲʯӰ죬ίҲ˵ı֣ŪʼǸʯʱ䳤ˣԼһֹĻɣԼĪǰ֪
˵ﻰûϲʲôˣҲϲһ˵顣ݵĶ棬ԷĲ룬һһϲһ˵ı֣ĬĬ˵š
ϲһ˻ʱŶԷ
Է
ȻģĺǶԷȫֻǶԷ븵ĸ⡣
ϲһʱԷеܿģԷʱ
ʱǺܿġ
ϲһʱܵԷϲŭֵӰ죬ܵݵӰ
ֻжŸʱܵӰ죬ʱľȵҪ
һ£ʲô㷨
۾˼ãԼܽЦˡ
˼άȥ룬ӦȥҸݣ˵Ӧöݺ͸ûʲô뷨Ϊû뷨ԴףἵʣҲ˭ļ档ֻ뵽ı鲻ЩãȻʼ֪ϲһʲôܡ
ʱӵһ¡ãδйĶĸо
顢顢ȫӵУΨϲ˭ˡ

һΣлɳ죬ǽͷڵʲô˻
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ͥˣҪΣ
û˵ֻǶǰɳһÿƼ֦ͷϵķ屻紵֦ͷҡҡλΣƺһҪɳ
˵죬ǲתͷЩʧ˵һ䣺ʲôΪʲô˵ϲ㣬ˣͥ˵ϲ㣬ˣеİɩ˵ϲ㣬Ҳˣ˵ϲ㣬ȴˣ
û̻ػȿϵ紵֮˵һ䣺ǵϲĵģûģϲĻֻϷˣңֵȥˡ
ô˵˶٣֮ЩȻ˵ˣϲ˿̶ֱӣƦƦƤֻϹӲŻϲ
˵꣬Էֻųȥ
ΪʧȥеġòԷ˴ԭӷ壬Է۾Щί˵ΪΪλ䵽ز
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㾹ûģҵʣʲôģ
һһ䣬Ȼġ
Ļһ£˫յ۾˰ԪŴ


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ݿ˿ڣ֮ûʲôԺ˵
һʱҲ࣬ûٵֵزǵݻ룬嶼ʲôʲôһľȥദҲĿԵΡ
ʵڵǾûпԷܳĿԵ
ڶŤͷŵשϵݣݲשϵ·ܿԷҲöԷԼ
ƣֻص޻˵ĵز
תݵĶ棬źϼΣһûз
˵ϴ˾ĴʵֹûϲĽȸУһݺԼصյ顣
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ĺƱ˷ڻ뿾εദûУֻһεѿ̫ãõЩ˳ʱֳ£ԼôȹǶǰӡ
̼ǵ꣬ӻأ֮ʱģźһֱڽУٻ뿪ȺɽԺ嵱ȺɽԺ;Ǹ
Ҳ˵ʱûݣҲ֪Сʦ嵽Ǹôˡ
һڹފҪʦЩҩߵƼһɢųվּС·ϣͷͷҶ
´Էһۣﷺֹ
ԭʦ߹󣬼ԭĴ֮һŶܿڵӵǺǰʧ̬Ǿԭġ
ԭã֪λʦʦͷĳǰµĵҲ¹࣬˵ֵȵˡ˵ʵԭ֮У縵һ㲻صĺ٣ҩĵûмһͷɢͷӲݣϵİҪˡ
ʱԭڸոսɽлһЩĿûߡЩɵĳӹŹ֣ϲҲҲСΪСȻðʧڣֻǶ˵˵ͷ
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˼һ£ͷİС˵˰ѽߡ
Ϊȡ£Ӱأգۼʧǰ
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ſûܺϣЩƿ۾˰˵½ʦ鷳ġ
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ʱԷȴ˵Ҹ˵ˣ£½ʦָ浽ʦԿġ

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վɽµİŽֻʳָ̧ý֣߳ƽ˳ؿסˡ
û뵽ˣފ뵽˵Ļɫò̫ÿûдԭѣҪΪԷԭɽͣǿЦùͼЦˣЩСӲ£˵治ģˡ
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ފһ㶣ܾЩ졣
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лҪ˵
ފ£һӺܿģӲãһӸˣ


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һμݡӦ˵һ˵ϻֻǶԻĳίʵЩѿ
СʦΪΰԼŪǰǱҲ֪ΪʱأܿڽغԷмĹʱҲʱ
ʱ֮һڣ忴ݣȴܿ塣˺ʱ׾Թ϶Ȼţ֪䣬ݳˮĳͣҲȺɽԺĹֻ͡ǰڵ̫ƣһֱ֪Լ
̫࣬ٵħıǣһ׮׮һʱ޷ӵ顣
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ݼŵؿܣ̲סܲ
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Ǳʹץס֮˼֮ǰüĿĴһִݲȵš
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˵Щʱʲôû롣ʮ˽ݣ֪ǸʵʵġӡҲ֪ݲԸûлɹݻڰס֮˼

ǣű޵⥣ظڸߡ
ʮְ˿̵жЩ˻᲻ץֻĬһϣȥݣҲû뿪ǵ˼
벻ͨʲôȴ˵ǲڵݻ
һ¸Ը񣬶Դ֮ԱǡԸ𱬵ƢڵݻҲ˶ڵһ̸Ļᡣֻ뵽ֲֵô
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ϵĸһֱûǣʵģץһֻҰȼϻʱϴһҺڵİΪʲôϲʦ
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ͷԲãһʱûԼǡԪֻǶѻվڰĽǶȣ˼˵ΪԲ
⣬ȴûʲô
۾ûп⥷գۣʲôڻʼտһʮһˣ˰ͻȻеѹ
˵һСİŪˡ
˵ǲ𵽵ôŪˣֻ䣬ίʦ˵ˣúѺѣ˻ˡ˲ʲôˣǱĲϲˣǻܲҺܲҡʦ˵һˣҲҪ֮ߣȻǷĲµġ
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ָϸϸϲʲôɸȴĮգգۣڶԷһ󳤴֮˵һ䣺
ʦӲϲȾƣϲղϲؿϲζصĶһֱܺá˵
ȴɵˣǵʮһϲЩôᵽֲϲˣ
ʱһִֻϣһ˫۶ԶƣΪ˵һ䣺˵Щ
ϲġ
Сȥڰ޷ʱһס˰죬ݵѹü˭
ʱڿˣ˲ʶİʦ塣


80 ħ
ɵˣʱŷӦ˵Ĳ˵˵ˡ
ס㣬ѾòֻתͷƨɶŰ븵ڷԼ˵İ޹գգ۾˾뵽븵񺣣ĨȥμԼĹʧ
һõģ֮岻õˣҲܳ񺣱޸ĵĺҲõֵءֻ븵񺣵һ̣һ˫ɫȻ
ڿе֣֮ݵؿƵý񺣽ңܲסȥ
ԴǰħıǺ󣬸ڵԹǿʼʵʮֲÿơаǰⴳ븵񺣾ͽ˳
Ǽ˲õĴ£ǰҲҷԼܴ
˵飬ΪҪܣ˵ʲôҲɿ֡
뿪ԭ󣬰ϵͲãԴһ£񺣣ûж֧ڰԪļƤܿڸǰ¶˵ס
һͷġڸǰ
鷢ǰȸס۾Ժ뵽ݵ̾һ֪Ҫˡ
˲һ룬˶˰ģԻԴѰѵĻᡣѺԪҪô졭Ǿͽȥǣ
룬顢ƽĿӸͼöԷ˵ʧȻŹû뵽븵ӵʱ򣬶ĸۣᷳһȭϣðǡ
ʹ
Сӵ־Ҫ󵽰ֻˣ
˴˵İίؿ⥣⥸
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㼷üŪ۲ƺˣҲ̧ڰĶϣһſڵϵİ㣬ŰĲӣʶԷһ飬˭ʦʲôĿģ
ڻãһڰͺˡ
סʹģ㳯ŸĴָһ˵ǵѪͻ᲻ͣ£һο˵ݹ壬ûи˵£㶼ʦİΣʦҲǺˣ㲻Һ㡣
һʱֲĿ޸ڹ𳰷
Ȼ˵ɫ
ٴ̧֣֪ԼҪæģþǻۿڵȷʵʦ壬ԭޣ
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Ŀⲻƣ̲ƶˣɤӣתת۾һضԸ˵㲻ſʦԭޣθǲǡΪԭħˣŸݳ񡣡
˸ɣֻ˵Լԭ񣬾ڲɱ˰Ԫ顣
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кݵı£ǳļƭùݣˣ㲻ңҲӦʦԵı仯㶼ܲô֮ܲߣΪ֪͵͵ܳġ
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ճͱˣЦһ㣬׼ʱữΣУʦɱ˺ֻԼһ˾˿ûѲʲôޱߵޣ
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ˣʦҲ֪£ԭÿѡεˣʦˣʶǣ
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˲޵⣬⥺͸ؿԼе˵ȷʵûƭ㣬ԭȷʵһεޣֻûи㣬һ޲ͬӵž˵еֻҪģ֣طʱǻصĸǰܰԭĿɽʦ֮ԷΪܵ
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ô˵úܲϵ񼸺ҪʵԵݵϡݲ⣬ֻſķӦ
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ͷԼֱ۱˰ȱ£ãЩܲܡϸϸϣְȵֵ֪ʲô
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ĬĬŴɷ죬ʼССԷ˵ܲɿ˵
ݵ棬ҡһͷʵ˵֮ǰⶣңҹ˵ʲôҲҪܷſ㡣


81 
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ٺ˵˵ҧгݵ˵Ҹղžˣô`Ŵ˵ҵģҿȥвˣ
һ䲻Լ鷴ʼ᣺ҵܴ󣿡
˵Ҳˣ̧֣һԼգ˼ǴС
׼˵忨ˣղص㲻ǶԷ󲻴󣬶ǶԷ޳ܣ
ɶ⣬ĻҪɸѡֻԼ
ŶŬһ£ʵ˵ܴһ˲䣬ľö˺ܺÿһ˲䣬ҲŭöԷ⻰࣬ûк˵㣬˭ǴС˵һˣôԼòʲô
ҵǹԼòֻ룬ûǲǻҡ
ֱԵɶˣûҶ㡣
ûжŭģ
岻˼Ȼ
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ϴôҵˣ˵ذظ߶Էҿɼǳˡ
֪ݵ˵ͷ˵ò˼Щ´СֻҪ㶼ܾã˽ġ
ȷʵǶƸ˼صˣԷ仰٣ɱ˵µЩζҲϡ
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ݵ˵ͷˣ˵֪ҵҲµģϾ˼˿ɲࡣ
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ݻǲ˵ͷʾԼ֪ˣ֮ȴ壺ҷſ𣿡
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ڼ伾һ̵ۣ߽˲ݴУ֮͵˰죬ҲûƼ˳һһȵĲͷˣһͷһֿǰҰݣ㿴С˼ǵǰ
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ûֻĻҪԼúչǵСҲûиǼƽϣûв𴩶Է˼
ʱһԸ˵Լպεĵ飬Ҳһֱˣ˿壬ֿ˿Լϵϵ¶һЦ


83 ޳
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ԼƵĵҩֿ˿ѵҩصúܺõݣ۾ŵת˼Σ뵱ûпݰѵҩպõϧٶ뵽ݵƣòЩߵ⣬˱ĵҩһݵһݵ˿ϡ
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ΪҪæŻССȥûѪƤŻµҩҩĶŻѾݲɾ崩·뿪ȥˮ
ŶԷı飬ǿɰС˴ؿһͿͶԷһл
Ϲڵʱ򣬵һԵʯϣؿˣϷ
ûЦֻ尲ú𼾻ʱ˵ҲǸȤˡ
ôĴָ˲伾ɸ̾ôСĺܲװɣ
Ǳ£ֱ˫ϥ򵹣˫ֳŵأ˵ţ·϶˼ѡ˵˶ʿϵôģûųҰɣ
⻰Ȼ
ҡҡͷ˵ǡˡ
˵һתĸɵʿ
صԭ
䣬ȻתͷСҲޱضͷ
ԷסûüһôˣͼֻͻȻӵ۵
֪ǰԭӣ鱩ףָ˵ԭӣ̶ʦү
Էԡ
ЦֹððⱲ޵ľ̶С޹ģ̶йصˣǼһɱһ飡
û뵽ԷͻȻδӦʲôּǰƵĵس˹ݺݵءҧסЬ
С
۾̧ݵıѹס֨֨ҽеĵ顣
鱻û̺ţ֣
ĿΪ仰Ƶ˼ϡ
ԷãȻؿڵ˵֮ĺܳһʱﶼûŵˣ岻ˣְ̧ԼССĴĴָϣȻ飬һʵȿӡ

ȷʵˣȥֻ壬ǵı塣
֪ԼܶԼҪ̫ߣ鿴ȫûƢ
ʮֺ浥˺ԭɽʦԭ򣬹ʶĵصŶ˽ۣȻʶԷ㵽˭Ϊ˺̶ʦ
뵽ԭʦ̶ΪֻħĹ̲סʵ飺ԭʦүôˣ
Цһû壬֮һ£ʮҪ̶ĺ±µ֪Ϊ˵̶֪ΪʲôܴһɢޣƳԭɽʦ𣿡
Ҳ˵Ϊʦүɱԡ
һֱûжֻļ̲סҡһͷ
ֱûƢ壺ûиߺôɱԵģ
лҪ˵
ݣ˵Ļ㡢ͷչ
壺Ϊ
ݣƵĵҩܺ
壺Ķ


84 ծ
ǧǰĹ±˵˲ԭŶǺ֪ĲʿΧԵͳ˵еϸڹ¾ɫʼʱһˡ
ڵµЩ˵֣˭Ҳû˼ǧ˵ϸ˵ֵö֮ЩѲ֪Ҳ֪
ʱҲ侲ָԼͷλ˵𣿡
˵ͷ
˵ԭһ˫۾ֻǱŪûˡû˵ԭҷ˴˵˲˵Ļ˲ˣܵǴǼҵʦүǽҶ˵˫۲ɱԣ𣿡
͵ҵ۾ұʦţұѹڵ¶꣬ؿҵһ˵ʲôˣǸ»˵һֻ֪֪ƭŮ˵ǷŸµĵӣҾɽµƣ
û뵽λʦүιֻʶλɽʦҲʶûȫĻҲûжʦүʲôĸ飬ΪʮĮؿŵ飬˫۾ʶԷʲôϵ
Ϊǧǰ˳еͲóеĶ⡣
ûκŭԽԽС
Դ˺޸дҲûά̶˼ƽϣֻмҲ̶ĵһ·Ҫͱң·Լߡ
￴˿ֿ˿鲻Цı飬ȥŵȥ
֮ǰһ£һͷŲĲ˻ȥ
ͷ壬ض塣
岻ԵؿʱֵͷԼ½󣬴ӻóһ䱻ѹĻ˹ȥ
˵Цͳݹȥʱ˽ţǻﵯһ¡ССҰջǲСȴСĻɫס
סЦĳ嶯ָǶ仨żһͷظŵˣ֪Ϊξֲúǻټĸо
ʵв鲻ѰȥʶԷ˭
ĵ˺´ࡣȥʵ˳ݡފǸ
һ뵽Ż̲ס£ǶССĻڵϣҲûȥǻһۡ

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֪ʲôǣ˼ã˹ȥƷڻ
պƺ󣬸жתǸƯ̴ӡ
Է⼸õ˲ҩûȫѾǰǿ˲١
ŽӲݣסؿڵһǰһ˵û°ɣ
һһ˵֮ǰɽȥеĲ£ҿɽˣ϶߲Զңܲ㡣ˣϵɽģ
̴Ǹϻ۵ˣ֪ɲˣڿʱȻˣҲû˰˵øġ
ɼСģõҲǸһ䣺롣
Ĳ˦ڶԷǰüŭĿʲô
̴û뵽̬Ȼ˶ӣί˵ֻǵ㡣
㵣ģ
ȹҵ̴ȻίҲͣңм㣬ŲƳ㡣ٹǧҲ㡣
˵ʹʧӣ²ףǸԵˣǾһûк£Ȱ뿪ȥһ㡣
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̴Ǹܵɽȥ³˼̲סʵ㡭Īɽ
Ҳԣɽˣ߲̫Զ̴Ƕһ䣬һţ֮Ӧ󣬲ŸʣҲΪʲôҪҵҲ򲻹
һ̲סţ
̴ӲգˣǺ˵ҿ԰ңҲһЩ㲻˵ңҪɽʲôΪԷһܣҿ϶㡣
ԷЦˣܶǰ紵ҵͷ˫ۣ˵˭Ҫһܣôصˣһ
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Щڶ̴˵ҲڶԼ˵
ҪϣҲյĶȻȥȻ󷽷ֱ׳ȥȥԹ
м̴˵ﻰʵȻްҲ֪ϲݵľȨԤʡʦϲ˭ɬŮңϸ˵Ҳû˵ݺĻߣռҲûȥݵ
˶Լ˵ҲǿƲסõ˼ֻܷ£һҪŤһ顣
жѽܣҲ֪ģԼݣԹݻĹϵȴΪԹԼʦȥһ޶á
Ǹ֪⡱ݾ塭
ʱȥˡ
Ϊ벻ͨ
˵벻ͨȴԷʱԼСΪó˻ǿƣǿڷǲǲᷢˣ
ͬվڴڣſһ£뿪ԭǰǸҹΪ˷ſãʼշŲʱ㣬˵Ļ
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ע⵽Լҹû˯Ծɱѵ־ʱѾ˹
վɫɲÿ
ƼеĵҩӣոǱһƼԺس˹ȻͷգбͬҹˣЩ˯ôãҹﲻȥЪӻܲˡ
Ļȫǹġ
߿˵ΪĲġ
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ôʱ˵ľ룬۾תһ£űһ飺òã
ʵ˵ûǲãΪѾȫΪݵĴչˡ

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׺˶ʲôӦ
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һʱ䣬ⴳԺʱԶ塣
룬ԭСʦ壬ԭĸ֮вɴİ¹⣬䵭ٶ۳ĸʦȴҹؿ
ΪȣȻ˶㿪Է
Ҫˡ
һʱҲԼ
֣˯ĸɲݶʱ鸴ӵ˶㡣
Щ֪ӦӦøСʦ壬Ǹʯ񡭡ʧЧˡ˸ݵʱȥ˵ݣΡ
лҪ˵
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СֻʦһҲ㣬ֻǵʦһҲȥ㣬ֻȥʦ㶮
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СҶ㶮ʲôͻȻ


85 
Թʱ˺üҪ˵ʯʧЧ顣
˵ǲ˵
Ǹ⡣
۾ô붼ô˿˵»СʦΣǵȵ˵˶á
⣬Ӳһԣ۾תݣͣع۲ݵı顣
ƺ̽Ŀ⣬˫ɫͣǰĵשϣȻƿ۵һתڵĵط忴֮ǰµת˻ȥ
ʱһҹĺð취ֱۣҪӸԡĺۡ˯ˡĻΪҹźš
ֻģֱ́ۻûֱһ̣һԵ˵һ䣺ҩ
ͣ¶̲ס˹ȥ
ݵͷϵʳָ̲סϥǣžмֲ
ˣԼŵҩ䣬򴽣յҩʱʵܸˡ
˵˵ţͷתһ࣬ƺȥ۾
˵꾭ܿ͵ҩҩˮͳԵõģҡ;ǣõʲôʱҲ룬Ҹʦҩ᲻ЩҪ͸ĶָһЩûãֲȥˡ֪㲻ģΪҲҲôչҡ
ôͲ᣿
ҲиͶ
ֻ͵ĲĶ࡭
֮ǰ忴Ǹһ𳤴ķСǸ鷳˭ҲϲС
ǸʦͬĳΧ˾ŰţҪȥڣʶûݻһֱżţҹˡ

СʱҲŸǻչ˱˴ˣű˴˺ɣ
֮ǰҲ֪ϲֻݵôĶҲûϵɣ
ӦòĲɣ
Ժ˲⡣
嶢Щʧı飬ʼ¶ˣȻһǲʲôĴŹѾʱϲݣҲ
ȫͻȻίݴƫ뷨
뿴Сʦѹίûʶ㣬ֻšҪˡ
̲סһȦ˵ǸǿˣӲǰʾފǶׯصĴʦ㣬ǰʧ˷ִ磬ΪˮӵˣΪչ˸Դס
Ϊ⼸˶ǴʵԸŪȫûӦľ飬֪˿̵Ӧ˵Щʲôܴ飬š
˵ʵ⻰Ҫ˵ģ϶ĮƽĶԴ˵⻰ݣΪ⣬ʧȥ侲ͷԡ
ֻǶԸİˣҲͬİ
û뵽Сʦ壬СʦкܶˣΪǲҪһλһˣչһЩ
˵֪ΪʲôǰҲĽͬ޸ĸȴйذҵʦֻʦƹԭÿնҪĲͬ£Ҳ֪˵Щﻰ
ƣʦֵǶ࣬˵õһȥȴһûС
ʦ㵹׽ֻ׽ȥյƣࡣ
˾ңȴǾҵĽԭɽͷΣǽӽҡңȴҲҴ˲ٵ鷳£߾ϲ˲ÿÿΧһеתҾͻú֡ңûпԱƵı£ΪλҪΧתΪβʦֵһʱѰңʱۣΪ㷢᲻գЦ
˵ЩգڳζãȻ
Ϊһֱ벻ͨЩ£ŻڽҹԼɻȫ˵
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˵֮ǰҴδһ㣬Ҫ۱ҡ
ۣ屾Ҫ˵Ļˣ뷨Ѿװ˯ûʲôݡ
ȻСʦÿѾ˵κСʦεĻʱһݶԼĺãԼԸĺãįĲҪԼ˵˼ӽҪһˮƽ
ʱתͷŲ԰׵ϴżֲ޷Լչ˵£ظһ䣺ҿˡ
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ҪԺ󶼿˸ô죿
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ᣬ򴽣ƺЩˣ壺Ϊβǰҹһ
嵱ʱҲûģֻСʦȽϵ䣬¶˶ʱֵĲãСʦ֪ѵ־Сʦ˳ɻѿ
Ϊ˲Сʦѿ׼ӲͷϷ
ԣվҪٽһ㣬ֻʱס󣬰˻
ݣӵڻУŶԷţڶԷϣ͵ضǰ
Сʦ壿
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ʱ޳ָ˹ʳָָüëϣ촽ϣҪͨ٣ĳַ࣬ȴôɡ
ЩҪݵİŪݵֱ޷ѡ
Сʦ塣ЩʵؿڣɶԷָȴ˳Ŵ̽룬һ籩
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Ľڴ˿ҵò֪ǿԽܵţ⻰˼ôҹҪദ뵽Сʦ岻鰮趨뵽Сʦ岻ɻѯʣ嶼ԲҹΡ̡Сʦദⲻ鰮ʦ壬ﱻ˹ҹˡ
Ҫˡ
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ӱʵϣֵڶʲôҲǵõֻ뷨ܿսݷϲָԼĶҧס
ͻȻʹܵ˾š
ͷѹס˱ҧĶ䣬ȴغһ˫ۻŵ֮ݣȴӵݻؿݡ
һơ
˫ɫͣ循ʧϡ
һֱĺܺõûоκη˪ϴ񣬿ȥȾɫĴֽšŶԷ벻壬ЩԵصͷñǼŶԷڷΧİ𪲱ӡ
ڴ˿̴
֣֪ݿɶĿ⣬ܾԼ
ڿÿһ飬ÿһ仯Σյߣ˽ŵǵ
֮ǰԼ˵ôȴЩԲһȥìܵĳ˷ԡ
ЩƲظܾ֮ǰĻմ˪Ķҩܱж޺ڸǹĿ̱Σա
ΣոеʱһЩãȻһطŴԿհƬ̣Խܵһֱ壬ݵľ롣


86 ʧ
˵Ϊʲôһֱݡҹ˾ʱʹԼ˫˵¶Էſϲŭ¶ԷĿ⣿
޹
ҲԼݵԭȴûԭ鰮ҲûǲԤھʾʲô
û鰮ԭҲܼ򵥣һֱΪݲ鰮ˡ
ΪòžףŲɫΪǸԭģû鰮һʷݵϡ
ݾйǷˡ
ΪԷƭԣ϶ݺһǶ鰮֮±Ƚ䵭ˡҲΪⷽʮ䵭䵭궼ûлУδһܵݶ鰮
Ҫǡȥȷ˶Է
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֪ݻǸԼȥ֣ȳֵǡСʦʲôˣôԭдĸһױõӣ
һ߶Լ˵һ߾ŵ޲뿪ȷϵȶȣòɻ㱵ԭҲΪЩСٶġ
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ȵȷԼɵĳ̶Ⱥ嵹һǱ̵һ㣬ǰֱͦ壬Լ嵱һעýĹֻǣֱ۱ɿ뿪ѿĵط
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޷ݵӵ뿪ȵ¶ʱƶڳʣǣ˵ЩöԷѹĻ
ֻǵɫŵſʱݱִס䣬ߣƴҲļϡ
һֻίСͷļϣС壺ǲǺ֣
öܴӶԷ뵽ȴ벻ϵı顣
ΪֵͳΪԷָⷺ׵Ĵ֣ŭʼˣȡ֮ͷ۵ķۡ
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һ˵ܵĻʤµ̬һô˵ѹ壬Ļ
屳ı飬ǲ֪˵ʲôҲϹǶ˵ǣҰΣա
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龲һȴڶ飬˵ֻ˾á
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ͷߣŽҹǿգ˺ܾãڽʱǳ뿪֣ŤŤ̽
ţŽְϵãʱԼҲ֪ԼʲôʱԼҲ֪ʱ䵽ǹÿ컹ֻ˶뿪磬վƶ˿Žµ
룬ҲǷˡ
ֶ̣̫ݶĺãӶˡ
ֻǡ
˸뷨ЩԼ·һ˵ϣΪ˶ԷԼĺöһ
𰸲ӣ򵥵ɿֵʱܻ̾شܡ
˲Ŀֻˡ
ΪԸΪһٶ˲
֣ı𽥱ú


87 Կ
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Ϊ£˵ʲô嶼ǲϻͷȥݣǰҩҲǲƿ۾ԲݶӣҲݵ
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֪ҹʯӰҵǰԪݣ˴ƽı֣ԼǾСʦȥݺܿʯʧЧ飬ҲĿ岻֪ôֻ˽ҹ˵Ĵ㡣
Ϊ׼ÿһ˼ݲŻ֣Ļᡣ
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˵屾вСı£ʯʧЧһݻ⣬Ϊʵԭ޷УҲûܰ⿪ʯˣʯô޹ʧЧˡ
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㲻ĿСʦͰ͵ı飬Ҳ飡
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ÿÿ뵽嶼ȱѣεĸоΨһҵľݲ֪ʯʧЧһ£ݽѯʣһûа취ش𡭡
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岻ûͷܸܵõǳѹԵĴڸС
۾һֶԷʱʱ̶̿ڿԼĸоݴӦ뿪ʵվԭصá
ʱϵؿǡ
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Сʦ塣
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Լϵ¶ȣ߳ŭ㶼ӦΪʲôôģֻˣ𣿡
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Ϊշ̫࣬ݵ̬ȸ˺ܶ࡭
ݻ˲ãɬֵĺκܿ챻԰ȡΡΡתͷЩ˵ݡ
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˫ִӳſա
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ָݱˣָݽġ
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ʼСʦ壬廹ǸϲǸ˵ʲôСʦ壬ҲֻСʦĻŲҹ
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Լ֪ԼʱǶ䲱һ죬ӵӿֹɡ
ƺúʺϿ޳ĿУָΪ̲ס̧𣬸봥Է뵽飬ʱѹе̰
Ͳϰߣ⿪ʼСʦ˵ҲϿɵͲӦҪ˵ҵ⡣
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Сʦ壡Ϊ֣һŵ˼˫ˮۣŵ˵ôˣ
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Դݶ˵ϲĻϲܾòűҪֹı仯廹Ӳͷ˵һ䣺ϲ֮ǰӡ
˵͵ͷ֮˰Ҳûȵݻػ̧ͷһǰǳƮƮ΢΢һְֻס̵İһַֻŵճȭͷûп
ǿĲ˵򴽣һϸƤϸһ㱡죬Ŀб࣬޵ס⣬ʮֺߣȴҲʮƯģ
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ӱûʲô⣡ӿ϶ǺúӣΧĴ˲Ǻˣܸѧжôȥ˭ﲻ/̬οݻǵӣ϶ǴĽ̵ֱ׳ߴ·
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΢΢ͷյǰƢ˵ǣ͸ĸİɡ
˵ӽҶģĹҵӣ˵ʲôʲôԣҲҲ᲻㣬ֻϿҵĿޣҵüֻۣҪͺãֻҪҾͻϲСʦ壬𣿡
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˵ĻֻĻϰˣݵŻΪϰ߲ſֽŶΪݺãΪ˺ãӦôӦ
ݷڣ̴Ӧˡ
Ӧ֮ûãվڴڣһ֡
⿪ʼ̲סһ챾ҪζԴݵģ̲סһһʼĶȫ֪Լôɬ뿴ݣӦĵز
лҪ˵
壺Сʦ壬乷


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˸Լ֣ɸȥǣֻáιжԷԷҲ֣ݸ̬ȶЩ塣
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֪˼ĵ˭Ҳûй˵ȥվŵˡ
̴Ӹ븵Զλãᵽħ̲ס˹ȥ
ħһֵ÷зûãʲôģħΪɱ˶˵¾ʹˡ
˵һɫ񣬱滹֦
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չݾͱ۾ȻһΣһ޹ؼʡ޹̰Ρ
εĿûи壬û·ԼֻһƬžɳء
ڻɳĮУ»ᱻɳڸǵĽӡƻɳŷϣַѩڵı䴥Уһ̱ɷĵУج˼ޱѡ
һſǰУԼʦ
ʦͷҲ֪󣬿ʦˣȴͷֻһֻ֣һ޼ʵĻĮָɳϵ̫˵㻹ǲǵã֮ǰ˵ʲô
⻰˲̫û룬ϾԭŲǻٵˡ
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ʦŷɳдԹŭ⡣
ݲϣͷһ˦ָǰҪԼȥĺ¡
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ˣ̲סĴߡ
֪ǲǸܵϵ⣬巢ȵ̲סƶͼסݽʵֱۣûֱ̧۵
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ĺܲѲ԰׵Ĵ΢ţ³ȣϸǵıӺأⲻñƳ
֪ܣ΢΢ָʳָָ̽̽ӵ¶ȣ±϶ԷƫȵϸۼʱЩ
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һԷʪ壬̺Լ벻Ĺ̡
䣬ܾԼ۾ǺߵģߵҿԼ۾ͬǷִڲʱ¶ΪһѵΡ
֮ڴϣܾûж֡
ʵݺϲı֡
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ֻǱԷٿԷ嵽Ҫβܺ
ЩΪ˶Էûٲҹż˺ַܶûа취ѶԷκá
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뿪˺ܾá
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Ͼʱ򣬻䵽ݶ߶
ΪʲôҪȥ
һ㶣ûлش
˵߾ʯңҪӵңҪһ𣿡


89 

ۣᷳػԼȥʱʲô
ʵȥεʱû뷨ֻǵҪʱֻṵ̂ĵξ˵ʼһЩζƺһͺĸΣʼı㡣
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νţô룬ֱͼŭΪʮܹȥôģڵȷʵҪþһֶΰС
Ϊ˲ıƣɱ˺ˣӵжԷ·ϵķֲڣԳǰеķֲ·
ֻԼ仵ˣסһԶ׵Ĺأ
Ϊ̫ˣպһ嶼һԹ޵Ŀ⿴òצСԷ촽¶ŵԷ
뵽ݺ֪طԼı˺ܶࡣֻǶԼı仯δϣ˵Լĸı䣬ϿЩ仯
ǲµе뷨ʦʧһͬȥ
ûãݵʯǰͻȻƮһƬƣס˿е
սƻõļڿУɫ·ʯϣſʯϸҵĹ⡣
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ʯ˵ǰЩҪһֻҪϲԸҾͻ㣬һϲ㡣ҪģҲһ͸ġ
ǡ󷽸ŵʯֿ죬¶һЦ
ڷ֮ǰʯָ˵һ䣺Ըֻһ
ˡ
Է˵ʱԽԽᣬ·±ֵκ⣬Ҳκ˵
ֻһԸܹɵĻȴû仰Ժ
Դԭ𣬾û˷˶ԳԴöȵĿҲûаЪʳԼ̰˯ⳡ˯θǹŹֵľӡ
ޱѵʶǼٵģʦָǼٵģΨһʵֻʯ
Ҳ˵ɡζʾ
һֱԭµεһϵ磬ϵ
ŷԭϾԼԼϵԼµΪܹΣҲµЩĶöԷεʲôܲµΨ²Ϊ˵µԸֻһܹɹ
ѲǶԷѹƣˣ
Уôûзʲôˣȴܹεǲ˵ϾοܳĻ᣿
ص뵽۾ʱ컹ģ屳ſڴڵλ˯ˡ
ЩϢ֪ģûд壬ֻһ֮ǰǰ㿴塣
˯úܳŶԷĳޣƼɢڣԼϵһ롣
ǿź벻ڰ۵ѩԵøĿ
֪λ룬ҲڶԷʱָѹȥ뷨ֻǰЩɹ
Ǻ㡣
Ҳֻš

Ǳѵġ
˯оѵ͵ס󾱣ĴԶݣһʱЩ
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ͷݣſȥʣָͷԼˬƤ־Լ̫ʲÿڡ
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üȷʵʲô˽ܵĵطλõԲû˶١
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ָḧü䲻Կĸдȴʵʵ˻š
ŵ嶢ŶԷµüۣһΪûʲô뷨ҲԷ̰
ʱԷԵøҪΪȰοҲҪɵ;
룬ҪݵһͷҪѱҰޡֻѱҪʱҲҪɵġ
ѱݵ屾ûôͲݲܿơ
ݿӴӽԼҲڽӽԼ֮ͷԼһǳһ
һֱԡԡΪݣȴòȫȷԷƵæҡ
岻ȥɫÿ࣬ʬ£ҪԴ˷ɢϵע
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˵գվԼ죬¶壬ͦıƶ°һ࣬˫ǳɫ壬ʮ˵˵һ䣺ȥϴ
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ֻ˵ϴ˵˵ĻʬΧˮԴʳΣ
СݵȻֻܹ˵һ䣺ް
Ȼӱߣɵվݵ󣬵Χʬתʱŷ˲Եĵط
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Сʦ壬ϴˡ
鲻ȻƾһͬˮĿܣûнŵץס죬ҲΪ⼸նԷĽ˱ܿͷ
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ݰûлػ
ûкľܾԼ֮΢΢ͷһԵˮ棬еʱ˵˵ֻҪҾͻ
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šѱޡ£һ߹۲ݵɫһ̧üë
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Ǿղ˲ģ忴ʱһס֣Ƹƣſ졣

ٵĶĿС
һ˫רעָֿķ϶п壬۾ͷ
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Էıߴ󣬿ס㽿СԷֱ۱ʵɵס֫κεطԷȳͼԷԷֻҪĵظ󣬾ܵսǵʱһŽߵȻڽ¡
ʵ̫࣬ൽһΪݵе¡
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ΪһϵѪɫȫޣ̽ŵؿ
ЩҪŭȥʲô˼ҪݶҪʲôôſǻʲôҲܳĽҲ¶ѿıֻ֣ƿ۾ҧ´ʼΪԷľٶͻе¡
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90 Ǩ
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˵һ䣬ȷʵܺݷŵı֣ﺦµûãʧרעС
ݺ档
ץֻһֺ޲ǿӲ̬ĶźʹϵԶûжԷ¶ôֲ
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޷ֿ
ҪĲӰ㰴ϣȷʵûı¡
㵣ĵһȷʵҪӽ㡣
ݲԼе̰ʹָеǵ顣
˵ĵûдҲԼģҲ˵ǴģҪ
һ˵һľ룬˫ոַУ˫ճȭͷצèһһٵض˵ҸֻҪӾסҡΪˣ㲻ùʲôҲõ㲻ҵʱһ᲻£ЩӦĵ¡
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塣˵ʱչüĿŰ׾¸ɾǽסİܽء
˲Լ棬ǣ˵ű΢Ļȴ˵ʲô˵顣
躦£ֻҪһϲ㣬ͲҪκδۣ㵣ĵԶܷ
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Ϊ֤Լж޺ݰԼжȨ˳ȥ
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µڵ뷨ݵӺ´ȷʵ޷סҵֽš
⻰˼ӦָܹסĲϵƷԼ־Ըⱻס⡣
Ư̲ס̾˿
ӣһƬģųǿʵȴԸⱻϷˣ˵䲻ϲ㣬˵ű΢Ļȴ˰Թĸо׷ȷʵ᲻
ҲʯĳЩд
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Ŀԣ˵仰ת뵽һ£ЩŹ֣Ϊ˷˵ĻԼָݵҪһקסݡ
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ԶΪԼߵ˳ΣգӲԼӵиеһ档
˽Լһಡ˼еˡһѸı䣬Ϊ˭òˡ˽ֶƸеȴΪһٶ˲ˡ֡
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׼Ūǰȴػ֮Ȼס
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ݴһƬհףƬ̲ſ壬ע⵽ķЩʪ
ֹǺڷĲ϶һ㱡
벻ͨΪ亹ֻ֮㱵ʶԷǺ»ǽˡ
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ĿİͰ͵˵ѵݣʧȥ˸ղŵԣľСԹ
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Ŀܣݷϻֱ࣬ӰŪδԭصԭܺ£ɲ˵ʲôݶشֻᾲؿ
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ݺϲԼࡣ壬Щ棬Щɵͷ˵ӣΪ΢΢ǡ

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Ȼí˾ӣȴǺϲԼӣƫҪѻ˵úֱס
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ݴһվǰ¶ıǰ͹۵ظ:˽ҲҪֻҪң̰ܶʲôġ
㲻Ҫ̫ңҲҪ̫á
仰黰һսֶΡ
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Լ̫ı֣巳죬͵ǰһĻöĻع鵽˸еλá
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СǵģֻвϱĿ·ߡЦŻȥ


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ѥӵ˺زסƴСˣűѥѹסԲԲһ˲˲Ի飬Ǻίüͷ˫һĴֱۣƴѹԼϵѥӡ
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㱳ŵ飬Ҳܸܵ󷽷顣
ڵ˽Էɱʱ̧һʳָ򵥵ѹסܹĵ飬Ȥץסֻ׺ӡ

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һӰ£̲ͷͷϴŵĶΪѳ룬һࡣ
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ӢҲУƲ˵ĶΪƽ޹ġ·ˡɹʱֽס壬ƼһʮϤ
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ԸԼԻ˲Ůǰ޵úģȫȻԼϣֻܾίĺһԹţǰΪ㸸ףʱеۻ֮ˣ㱻͵ߺʦһԣ˵ϵûˣӦǱ˶߸дˣ־öԷԭΪ˽ˡ
岢İԼˣЩʿܹ̽ӱ͵ȡıĲңֻķӺãϾϱ͵±ӻЩҪıʲôֻⱲӲ˲ŻȥϽˡ
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˵Ӹճʱеۻˣ͵֮û˵ۻˣ˵Ѿѳϵĵۻ͵ˣΪʲô͵˵ۻ˵ߺޱ仯͵ߵƷ˭ϣ
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˵úá㣬Ƕǲԭ˼𣿡ڸͼٴιԭŵʱݵͷĹơ


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Ƕ߽ơǱģƮڵͷһ̣ĺ⻹˸еѹֲ
ͼ˫Ư۾ҵһĹʣݿƬ̣ʼҲԼҪ⡣
ʵԼҲԼҪݵҵʲô
˫ﲢκθ飬㿴ĳ˫Ҳûзһ˿⣬Ʋܸʲô⡣ָƽϤۣΪ֮ǰĲ쳣ۡ
ûа
һע⵽һ¡
벻۵ȻҲ
ʱݻ
ػĸ򴽣ԵЦ
һֱԺĵظ衣
˺ȥѾ˿ڣΪܵĶ˺
˱ò԰ס
Ȼȴ⡣
һԲݿ̱ػ
ػ
˵ʲô
˵ʲô
ΪֻԼʲôԼΪʲôԭߵһ׹ݿһվԼߣǹԼȥ
ޱȾصԼǻ⵽ѹ졣ڴ˿̣ݲԭ𽥱ú
Գعǣڵϵڵ
ΪŭĵײһԼҲûзֵ޷ƽݣݸ߸ϵӸӳΪеĴ̡
ڱʱ΢Ĺȥںһ롪
˺ݵ޷ҡ
ޱضݣϵķŭͱͷʱɢһɶ
һݱű֮ǰƽ࣬۵ǱصȴҪ֮ǰΣաǵݺƯÿ࣬ʱֻǾЦδϣ־һ䳰Ц֪Լݱߵһ𡭡
⣬˶ϲƯĶϲƯûʲôԡ˳ȥ⣬ݵ˺ˣݳһݳªĹǲǡͲϲˣ
뷨һ֣ǰ˲ʱɢȥͻȻһ·ҵڵĳС///һ/սĿаżѹ¶һŹֵЦ
ֻûоӣԼı飬֪Լ뵽ʱϳһַݵЦ
ֱ飬Ҳûжٵѿ죬ΣյĹԣʮұóа
ЦҲڿǣ岻ϲԸͷҲǲԼŶԷ
Լ˵ֻҪ¹ȥǻԼһȥһԭɽӾ
պĺò度»Ȫ·įҲԷһͬߣ֮ǰ꣬ҲǹǨ͹ԷЩ¡
Щġ
ӻһ
һֱһֱһ
Ϊˣ˺ݵ뷨һ̱øǿңֻ뷨ûã//µ˺رһ紵ѡ
ƮƮɵĿܿȥһ̣˸綪˻һְס˰鸴ӵԼŶϹʲô
֮ǰǵݵİΣҪȷ϶Էûѡ֮Ժж಻ӦôڵĶ
Ȼԡ
ҪԼŵ뷨һţʼҪҵԼʱĳġֻǻҷʡոճ֣ĶִϤ
Ҳ
ԹƻʱĹü
ȷֻȷݵİΣ
һ
˵㡢ѵ뿴Ƿƽ𣿡
ݵı£Ϊм˲һʱﲻô𣿡

ûгϢӣǸͷ˶Դ`ҡβȥѿҪ뿴⸱ǶôЦ㣿
仰Ҷ˸ǺͰǡȴûпڷʲô
ݼ鲻ԣµ仯Եɣüһ
ĳ˼
ͷĿɶŶʦʦܿƿ۾
ڶָָ㡣Щɢ£Ӧ˵ʲôҲӦʱûз⣬ҲӦʱ޺Ӧø֮ǰʲôһʼǶ֣Լܵ
Щͷͬð˳ɳΪͦδȴֻһ䡪
˵Ҳ׼ԭˣҪΣ
ͬɳĮķ籩
ڵʱƲ۵ϸɳһתѹ˵ľʯƽվմѪָ뿪ǿԼשʯԼƽɫǱǰ
һٵĳԼѹֵİ
Ǹһζչ¶⡣
룬˵öԣȷʵҪǲƽͬҲݡ
Ӧ˵ͬˡ
ִֻһ£ǾǿƵĮݲûػ֮ǰ֣һֱڵ
ЩҪˡ
ڻزȥ˶ԣЩͣ٣Щ۲죬ЩȻΪȥһɳ
۵һɳ
Ǹһѵ¶չ¶⡣
ۣΪʲô
塣
֡
˳ۣ˳۵ԭ
ݲƸûиǰ㡰桱ŪԼ⣬ҲŪ帵˼
ĹѾ˺ѵĽޣֻǸԼӦ˵ԸǱȥ룬Ÿԡ
˵ж֮ǰŪԼ⣬治˵ᷢʲô˱𱻸ӣݸԼĺʱ
Ҳ븵ӵʱ¶˳
ңڳЦһɵϣЩؿŶԷԭ
ⲻ󣬶
ǿƵøð˻β׶¶ݵҰޡ
ʲô
Цһݵǵ𾴳ױŭɢݵĮӿ̱£¶˷צӣɷȴû̧ôʹ졣
侲ֱͷΪ˵϶
ʱ䣬˵񶼱ˡ

һϷƲϹʱ˳Ŵڿȥ޴ĽڶƲУܼĽΧһխԲν󣬶׼·СС
ݵĺ󡣳ﵫǽеóŵﶼʶݵĽ
ΪͻȻֵĺ󣬳ӵڴϣӸղſʼͲǺ޹ȡ
岻æʦȥ˲֪ʦոȥǧݣֽѾڸ
ļ٣Ĺ˼ɫһš
ǿԼȥ˭죬۾亹ͣ£˵ʲôȴ˼ǲ˼֮ˡ
񣬷óõҩιʱһ䡪
ˡ
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ͬʱһˮڰգĿ⣬˳һˤе룬ﵽʲô
ϻӢɫţ򳤹Ｘ䡣
ĿŴһζӰ
ڿնˮɽɢˮµĻиĴ
ϴϸС˺۵ĸڵϣĵ׵ݴ򶷵ʱ򲻶֪䣬ϸСƬѾһֱϴ˲ϡţһ˫ϵͫ
ԹһƬﱼԼĵ踵Լ
ƷһֻŲŸһֵֻǿ̣ĲЭͻȻ֣ȻͷֻŸˮɢŸĽűĺڴ̴һзٶȼ죬쵽ΪԼѾӮ˵ݱ˸ֲ
Ѫ˳ɴĺڴ̲Դˡڴ˳ȣһ·ϣαװһѪĴ⬣ϥ֮ǰסһƻ顣
ôһ⣬Ÿֻȱá
ؿһĻݵͷͬһʱ˸۾
ޱϤĵͷ̧ûпϤķߺޣֻնݾԨźڰ
ͬһʱ䣬ɫڸ۽࣬Ʈеÿһ䡣
ʲô
·ϵ˿Ŷĺһͷˮر˻еĺӣŰ׷ǻȥڽӴһ̺Ȼ۾ãȻؿܱŻѡ
ͨͨ

Ŵ죬鴤һ¡
ɫܿƮķС¸ȴ޷סЩɫ
ƲӢΪ˹۲ǰӢߵھسּΪܵļٶ˻ͷƽڴϵͦأ֫ش£ͣԲ۾һ޷ӡ
һĻŵһ
ɵԭ򿪵ĴǿͻȻϣ˴ݺݵһľⷢһ졣
شĵϵ۾̧ҲľغõһֻʱѾ˺ɫ룬ڸŲСĴĺɫ뿪Լ塣
ֿĸо
ƮϷ岻֪Щ紵ĺɫʲôɻظڿУ·ԼͻȻ۾Լĳ
Լ㲻ˣһԭڷƮ˳Ũصĵط
ƺǱɫԻͷԴտգֻźĿĵƮʮϤϢС

ԭǱֳĶСͬһĳȻ֪
һ´ǧݣϸ̸һ֮ȴƽ£ʮֿ˺ӵĸĸﷸֹŵ·
ݳ֪λڵʮϲλĿϲʹ֪ǸŰĺݶŮӣҲԸѿߣԸΪȥжӸǰмӡ
˽㣬ǰΪԼῴ㲣˾ûһ㡣
ʱҲɣµ˵ԭǱߺӵ·ɽǸӦṆ̀ܽɽִҪһ
Ų˵˶ˣ
µ˵һǡ
áüԭãΪС½ȥԭš
С£
⻰һʹĵӶɵˡ
ôС£
ԽԽͿˡ
˵ԭжѲ˸ϵżȲԭƽϣֲж죬ʵǹŹֵúܡ
ŹֵĶһ
˼ҵļֲ˶죬ֵƼŲƽϴ£ȻɵһȥʡֻŵĶû˵꣬հķŻضĳּһʢŹԶ˵źסˡ
ݣôһ£ԭ˫ֵסһשʯĳ̣ûʯݵϡ
ӭʯϡ棬ʯϸŵĺɫȴͷƤ顣ܴʯϸܵʮǿаϢ
ڳ˶ǼʶĶ׿Ⱥʿܹһ۱ʯͷϸǵǷſ˵Ǵеɷǵǿʿ㶯֮ǰϴˣҲ׵ذڶԷС
ɴ˿ɼɷ˾ǵ֮
û˼شʦ⣬ٴ˵סؿڣɫķ˿ҵϣһѾԵĴʦ֣ڰųаճԭӣԼʦǣƸʦ֡
Σյһ̲ͣʯϵشӿ¡
ΧլʿĴ򶷱٣ֻеķ֤˾ס
֮ϣȻؿŶʦʦ塣
ǰ壬ΧźɫɫɷأŲһڼǰ
ϸϸȥϻһƬ·ֻЩ·ǳѷ֡
ҴҸƼ̣æַ̧ųԼķ
ԭżʲôסķֿס˺סĳҲóԼķѹסݳûһƴڸϣøϾӦ˵ʽ·硣
ݵϣʱѹס˸
ͷѺһѳ˼֮ϣһ򵥴ֱȴܺõ
һнеʿ˹ƼԭǱӣʵ벻˭ܰǴ
ѹƸʱ򱻸˦һ£ºֱһֱ޷
Ÿ˼ۣҲô£ֻ֪ϱ֮أħʵӡ
ͽ𶦷סһӴ˶ѹаŰͷҲѼ֡
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˳ĵطȥƼһòڲԶʯ֮ϡ
˳üĿ续һѣȴһḡӹ֮Уֻ˾͸ôһЩ
ĻȫΥ͡
¥
ϳ˭ԭŻ˵ֱһƴ˹ȥ
¥ݵ˦ϵļס˳ŵĶֻ˼š
ԭŵǰֽ⼸ɱصķּݳɫ˲Ųæǰ
¥ӯţ·ɢƬ˿ȸβԼƣ°Ķչ̿˱ʯĿȸβ
ûжĶŵ˵ǰһζȸβڵϣӵվĻ¥¥΢΢̧ͷׯòºͳŸ׿ȻʿҲϰ䡣
ʵڿΣΧвٿ˵ˡ
֪Լÿ¥ĿУһЦԳŵʲŲæҲ·˸֣źα˵ԭ˭ãħ򿴲ãˣŵЩСˡ
С
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ôһѣΧʿ¶˷ŭɫ
Щӱ¥ɱʿͷһȣ˲γԼ彣Χ¥
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Цһ˶˵³ôֻɱˣΪɱˣʲô˭Ҷ˼
˻һΧһƬȻȻûֱ˵ħһ˭йעֻڳ˶ӣ˭Ҳ˵¡
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ֱ׳˵ħͬɱ˵ñԽԽãԽԽ£ҲŻԽˡΪа۵ͬħǸҵʲôҪţ˵ǲǣԭţ
һתְѻƻصԭŵϣճŸŸɵĶڣԭһҲ˵˵Եɣ
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ݵʦֲ֪飬һ˵ϻı㲻㸸հɣ
¥ԼĸףЦ˼֣³һ䣺Ρ
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ԭһھ֪˵ʲôɫһ䣬̧־Ҫ¥üۼɱصʮ׿˶ܸܵ
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֮ǰ¥Ϊڴ˿̵õ˽͡
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ѾԤϵ¥Ҫ˵ʲôŭһħͷҪ
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⺢ӳ֣¥ܣ˿ǰǿо˵Ļ˼ô˵Ҿôţ˭Ҳ˵ʵҾɱӣȫǵġʺ͡
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һ仰סߵĳڣﴦ壬Ҫ˱Ƶٵһ
֪ħ޲Ҫɶʿ˵ʱש
ǽ˵òŵϿɣȻҲʿ
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ϵıЩȻ
˵ۿȻʧ˼㡣
Ϊ˾㣬ǰħ裬겻ҲȻΪҪһԼ鰮ĶӣԼ֣軳֮ɱ
ʧ֮£ʧأЩɵ˵˵˳
ܾһ֪ͻħ׷ɱԭҰݱʱй¶ٸ䣬ԻŻҵ㣬ֻôʱؾ㣬ȴĲ֪顣֪֮ȥɱǣŲ£ȥһۣң˽Ϊ㶼Ҫ뻳ˣҲľа֮ȴǲŹ㣬ȴ֪ĺˣһʼҾͲ뻳ȥֱӾͻԭŻʦ㣬Уʦľһĺˣ
ųŵĿ⣬촽Ŀûκα仯ǡ
˵ˡ
ķʱͣ£ɵһʹȴڷ֮ͣ֡
㶵ؿ˵ͷ˲ȶֻƽ˵һ䣺ã֪ˡ
š
û뵽һСС֮þȻôĹ£ǿסĸȲ˵ջħͷ˵Ǽ٣Ҳ˽ŹԼħĵӣֻʣħĵҪδã
԰һԼʦֶһۣʦֵʾǰһħʿ޷عдɽʵǲúôȻвҵȵĴ󻼣ѵԭԴûʲô˵ģ
ǣŸòǰ㣬ԼħĵӰɣ
ֱǺ֣ԭ£ŵںδĪԺħһˣ
û뵽ԭ¡
ǣԵĹҲᣬйλӵ£ǲӦøһ
ˮأҪһ˵ǿɲԸΪЩ
˵ԭеħģűȻɱλӣˣ
ô˵㷽ԣǰŹ뻳һŮӣѲҪŹħĵСӣԭûйأûзģѵа֮ƾһһ᲻ö𣿡
ҵﾴԭ㻳¥Σҵȶûʳһ䣬ſɱǵģ
ǲص
ĮĿЩɨֻҽ죬޷ֻܾؿЩ׼Լˡ
ҪɱеΪ˲󻼣еΪ¥ĻģҪȥԭԼ
ΧŴɱԼô࣬ɸȴ⣬ֻݣҪ˻ô
룬ʦ϶ΪԭɱҲ֪ǰħĵӣպλħɱˣħ޵ͷϡ
ԭΪеգݸᣬſһ̣ǲκڴģֱ˵һ䡪
ԭ޹أҵ˼ûаϵԭֻȥħģպΪħڡݲŲæʱħпɳȥһεŴϾ˼ҲȹӦ֪ԲҲԸΪԾౡֻ֮ǰЩӲҪγħĵ˻¥¥һԭ֣ħºôһϷΪĲԭ£ħɱʿ
ԭ²ҪҪЩħޡħ׳ԭĹλҲм⣬ֻǲΣѾԼħģ˵ȷʵӦöŻֻ˷ǲľ飬꣬᲻ÿȥǸλĹԭ֮У뿪ԭպΪӳˣһԭźҲҷģԭ˾پ̰Ȩƣԭǧ˵ԭף˽ġ
ǰһ˵ҿ֤
˵ЩҲᷴݲˣڳ˶ܹĶݣҲ˼Ļ
ѧ¥һѣʵԭ򣬲˽ĶֻΪŹĴУԭǧŵ֧֣ģҲұƵ̫ʱס档
¥ĻЩв˵ƾʲôȥ
ʮָӣ˵ӦллָҲûзһݵǾ˹
ԸţҲû˼ȥ˶˵ʲô
ʱȷЩѾͬݷԼ˵ʦҧҧɶʱ㲻ֱɱң
ϵ˿ѾѪҲû֮ǰņۣ̀ζ˵㲻Ҳ뿪ԭ
仰
޼ûɵһ仰
ݲ۾һƻ׼˸ɢ޷Сһƻʱ򣬸һ˻𣬶ʱ춯Ŵ
һ紵ۣݵ֮ǰ£˴ֲ
һһ
ڵĵطѡ
ûã˽µĵשɷĩ濪ѣѿķ϶кɫĻ֡
ǻԣ֮ȴףֱӳһֱƼĺɫǽ
ǽвٺӰζ
ǰȥ۲ЩӰʲô徹ǽгֵĺˮ˺롣
ԵƼһĻŵõ˼ûվȣͼǺɫӰӴӻǽС˳
Ӱ뿪˻ǽֱһ̲ˮ
ˮڵϹǰ׸ߵֱۣһֻץһˣ˾ʡѡʲôȻ鱻ץסĿˣֱˮ̵ץˣҪ˻ش⡣
ԵɱֻĶ£޷ץס
죡
Ȱѳаߣ
ˣߣ߰
ǲҽȥ淢ʲôҲĶŵþġ
ܲˣԺһƬհףֻ볤Լ
˲ʲôǣŵر巢壬겻𽥱ñﺬˮȥҹʦ
û˵꣬һӢͻȻԲ۾һ򳤹
Ŀϣδȥôˣͼǰһķ侹Ķһ㣬ɵرֳ롣
֧ŷݵשʯľһڻζûܱס壬ؿǿѿʯһͬȥ
Ӣۼֿ죬һѱסվȵĳԵæȥץ壬ɷݵٶ̫죬ûס壬ߵĽͻ˺ɫǽС
ͷӢųķͣڿУתͷۿ׹³ֵĻǽ

ΧϤζ
ƽͣ˷ɵļž۾ٶ۵ؿһƬѩӿƮ䣬ỺıǼϡ
˸ԺѩŰãã磬Լǰ顣
㶵վԭأܾô˿̵ĸоԼʱ񣬶Ը⶯һֱվֱѩµԽԽ
ͣˡ
ͷͷƣߺȻЬӲѩ֨˳ǰߣȴ߳˰ǽߡ
һС̧ŵʱ֣ӵľͷһѪ׵ˡ
ڰǽ£ͷмҲм̵ֲܽİǱҲûȥ
忴˵֪Լʶˡ
ߵʱ˫ǹǦ޷ǰ;ԭؿŶԷҪѶԷǱĵס
ʱ˺һʮһ
ȻһӰӴ󴩹ǸѪˡ
֡
忴˵ݣʮһֵ˾
ʮһ塱ûʲôϲõһˣĬظŽ񶬵ĺ⣬ǡ塱ͣؽ
δ̫ˣôͿһ˺
塱ʮһƽʮһȴʱתͷһֱۣһߵġ塱ƽ͵һ䣺û𣿡
⻰һ塱㲻ˡ
ѩԽԽ󣬶ǸOO@@졣һеĲãɫУǱ˶ͣĻŵ˵һĻ
Ƭ̺󣬵òشġʮһѩΪһ塣
ãȻؿǰƼһϤķ羰Ƶ˹ȥѩůһů塣
廹ǵãԭĺɽһܶݹظյĵط
ȥһθݹһ£ʦ㣬ĵشԼȥǶϵʱ˽ȥ
ʮԲ¹ܶϷΪž֮˼ءފ͵˹ŸʯΣԼ棬ȥ֮Ļ
ȴֻܿһʯǽСʦ巢֣ފȥֻڸȥ󿴵ʯһ϶ŽŴӷ϶ȥ
ѷС
С۾Ҳ塣
ʯ棬ƺʲô顣
С˸䣬ռٸߣŬذѴĺöʯҪƸ
ֻһֻռûгƼȥĸ˵
ʱǲǶġ
һֱӰﱻҶռ˽ȥ϶ûڵͲȥ˵ʲôؾӹɵǲǣ
ĸƽʱͬɥ˵ҼҵҺܺãʱڴһ룬־ҿǼǴˣʵȥûҺá
Ŭذ˵ı
˵Ǽҵļһӥɼĳȴ˸֣ҲͰˣҪҳȥɶɲ˵֣ܺõȥûһ⣬ǲĿʶçȴô֣ôġ
˵ֵ뿴Һ𣿡
һʱ֪ôش𣬾˵ΪͻȻЩ£
ûС
ֻǡ
ͣ£ŵþûܵȵ֮
ֻ̫ˡú󣬸˵ǰЩѧдԼ֣ø㿴·ʦֽ֣Цֲãֻעɲӣ̲סһ£Ϊʲô֣ĺϲ𣿡
岻ǸĵȻ֪Է뷨
Ҳȡ֡ĿİͰ͵˵һ
䣺𣿡
óʧ䣬ͰѰ׾СŬʯϣ¶һ˫ԲĴ۾˵㡢ҪǲϲǾ͸һְɣ
˵ˡ
ڽվˣվֱ壬һַֻʯԣԴ˸߸ڣȻǽһǽ֮ĸ˵ð
ģ¸壬ǽڴţպ˻öãҪڵػҿ
㳳ʲô
һֱĸʱŤزŶ䣬Ǳˣɴ۾ȥּ¶İ쵽زס
浽һתϲǰϦ
ʮĸϴ·崩һأȴ١żϣ˶żĺѣδߵ˳ذռһࡣ
һ𣬾ӼһżϣҲֻСȸͬһ֦ϡ
ĸһ˳ջɢĻҴҵع
𣿡
ʡ
˵
ش
ǡԥƬ̣ʣһֱ𣿡
Ҳһᰡ
˵ˡЦЦ¶һСֻҪ㲻ңҿ϶㡣
ðԺҪҲӣҲҲӣǾһԺǿһũһԡ
ȵȣ岻ã˵Щ
Ǿ͡㱳ũ㱳˵ô
۵ĻңԲ۾ûк˵㻹ҪǴֻȥũ񲻱ȱɣ
ҲЩ߳ŭζô˵أϵµһã˭ƽ˭˭ۣ
̲סǣͷתֻǸûã۾ȥ壬ֵؽ죬庹ʪĺ󾱣һֻСè
˵˵ʲô飿
˵ûС
ûƿ۾ʲô
תͷƢˡ
ʲôѲ㷽˵ĻǼٵģѲǵһã
尥ѽѽؽü㣡
һȭڸļϣȴǺһȭ
Ը˵ô˵ѣȻµһˣб˳֣ҲЩǰ棡
˵ˡ̫𣿡
ʲôܣ
˵ˣ
˵ˣ
һһ죬˵ʱ֣˵ȥĻȴЦ
忴һĻſžЦˣܵҲһúࡣ
ɽѩѾͣˣһԼ¶ȣҲʼľᡣ
ȥһظˡ
ҲҪԷҲҪֻҪ˵壬ǻõѡ
룬δ·̫ˣ·ҲҪܾȥߣôߣҲѸŪ
뿪ˡ
ҪȥֱŤ˴ȻСʦصԭǰš
ʱǸԼһɹ̫
Ӳ䣬Ҳʧȥʲô
úõĻȥҲǡ
ط뷨岻ȥжĿʱ˵Ĺڶλ״̬˯ͷ֧£һһ־ڽƮλ۾ĪָһԵĺɫǽײԼڻǽеϡ
˼ʱֻдĿĺ⡣һŪǰĺʲôʮֵĲ
Ҳûʱ䣬۵˲ʢٴĺһ۾
󣬰׹ԣʧȥƯʱӯصˤڵأǼŵսĴ̱ζ
ʹ
Ϊ۾̵ʱʲôüϰԵذ׼࣬ת˸
ʱƼС
˵Ҳɣתһ̣˫εʱ嶫۾ָһ۾Ϳ˶վŵ˲ˡ
Сʦ壿
һҲû룬ֱݱȥ֪һ˫Ϥ۾һֱע
û뵽һĻ֡˴㵵ؿĿԼɨԥƿɵرݡշ̫δÿһ˵ͷչҫĿɲ֪ΪΣǵ·ȴ硭
ʱͯҥɳţȻ꽥ͯҥζŸҲʱϵ
֪˭ڷͣʱЦһ
ֵĻǽΪ죬һֱͣһλãʱһֱ仯ٵƶ
ֻǵƶȻ죬ǽĵطŻǽƶΧĳﶼ䶯
ںǰʱǶʱǰվʱǱ㵵ʿʱ˼Ļ¥Һԭͣʱ䲻㰲ȫ
û֪ʲôҲû֪ɫ䶯ʲô
˭
Թϵʱһ滤סԼһԼֲʵŤתơ
ǿģ㸵һֱֻ֪Ǹǿͷĺɫǽʵû뵽Իǿ
ԹǵӰ죬¥ҲӦץסԹǸĻȥɲ֪ΪΣܾúۣҲŲװһ£ŲµĻҪȥҡ
ʱ֪ǲǰǵŲ˹
һĨ׳ҰУ£Ҳԭźѩһ͵ƣεգȻƮ˹κ˽ŵӵɫʣֻһƽĸо
塣
ݣһĪίڿԷһ̳֡
֪ʲôʱֵġ
ٴ̧ͷʱ㿴˾վʲô
۾˵۾ϣʯ䣬Ժ뷨
Ҫ屧Թ˵˵ԼܵίҪԭѾݲ˵ԼûŬֻôŬҲòƽĶԴˣոһյĽͣҲԭ
ֻЩû˵ڣ㷲ؿʱĿӹԥתͷ档
ٴη
ͬһʱ䣬ݺԭ˵Ӱںٴƶʱ֣Ⱥе߿ǿ壬ȻԽ忴Ӱ
ºƷ
㶵ؿתͷڷھƮͷҲصس˹ȥ
ûһˣҲû˵һ仰ֻһöСʦ壬ֻװݣݵĴѱΧһжҪҪ
ֻƯĺıʻδҶǷͣ
ԴˣЩԼΪʲôҪһֱﲻȥ
һ˲ԼǱһŻҪżŵĹ
֣ΧľݶѾ˺ɫĻǽɸһ˷紵Ҷɳɳ졣
֡
ſϣһ벻ԼҪ˵ʲôΪδ˴Ҷ֡
˼ã¶һȻ΢Ц
ڲµʲô
룬δǳб紵ҶɨȥĵҶ


96 
ɫĻǽƶһԲĸ
岻֪ʲôסݵֱۣ˭㣿˵գ̧ͷüͷԽԽ
ݰϳ˼ĻۣһѪģһֱֻ̳һ໹һˣɱ֮ǰܵҪء
岻ϲˣһĥôԶЩĳŶŴʦ˵
ֵϸˡ
વһ
ֽ̧Ӳʯͷ
Ķͣգգ۾еãȻͰĿݵķ˿ϡ
ԶĴʦ˵ͷˣȷʵȥ
ˣ

ʲô˼
һӿͷŵؿݣſȴûʳ
屼Լֵϲʧݶ壬һ˫۾ƶô޷һط¶Щ
ʦ˵һ̣ǶռĿˡ
ʲô
ΪԼͣ
߱ʮֲ͵ҧҧ
˫Ϊϲ۾Ҫп˵ĸ
Ȼ˰죬һ񣬱壺㲻Ϊβҵʱȥ𣿡
Ȼ¥ҪƯ̧֣庹ʪĲӣ岱ϵĺڷԼ˿ڣҲʲôֻ̧ɾһֻ֣ץԼ˲ͷų亹
ĶᣬӺ棬ʱı鲻䣬۵׻âȥƽʱࡣֻ˼أƲʱ˵¾ͻ¶˺ӣĮҲữĵһѹַĸо
ڿƣŬزĵʵֻ֪Ϲķֻһìܵġ˲ѹȸС
ѹıʧܣŵԷͼͬԡ
Ȼûע⵽ݵı仯һռݣ޷ȥʲô
ʶĺѿܻ
ʲô
һԼúŵóԺҲˣҲжԷӰˡ
ô򵥵ĵǲֻǲȥ
δ
ܲ˱ӣֱ˵ҡҧӱܵĿԡ
ʱ̧ͷݣﲻܽܵԣһһ߲ҵʲôȽϺá
ʱΧִһҽУԭŻŸ̵ܽԼʧʱı֣ѡ񡪡
ɡ
̧䣬óİԾȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ǵı֣߳вƶĺɫǽס
ֶǨ顣ֻһ۱㿴ôһ¡
ǧŵķǨ飬̲żǿǧǰĳλķҲ֧ǧݽĴŵ
żѾ֣еİԾС
һֳѹķɺڳӳӵһ̳֡
ʮֻɺǳԲסǣڳеĸ䣬ʱʯ
֪Уԭʦ̶Ϊɱ󣬴ֻԭţΪ񣬷Ϊɱһǧ˰ٵУײʹá
е֪ġ
ǧǰԶС󷨣ĸôǶ֣
˵ģԹҲֻһͷһŵɱģڵĸȥԽӲ³źֲµɱС
ôԣ
ŵؿݣǾСʦζȥ
֪Ҫֻ֮С
뿴ΪѣҲøݣݱˣִҪݰ︵޷졣
ķӦʱȴԷӦҪ죬ԭŲ·ɺһ̣ͷһʲôҲ˲ˣֱ˵ԭŵǰҲԼģǲǱ᲻ܴ죬ֻ΢Ĺ˵ţֻһʱͿҲ֪ԲһΣһΡ
岻붼֪εԹǲܿƣǸִҪˡ岻˵³֪Թڸø졭
˸գûнԼǹʱͷࡣ
֪ԭ˲ϲ
ԭΪĴǿĴڣŵżһֱܸߣЩʦʦǿعأʶڸ֮ǰǸû뵽һҪ°ħĸҪ˽µĲӡ
ݺְʵ˵ʲôͰѿ͸˼ϣͬ鶼˼֡
廹ǵǰڴϣݰԼʱ򣬳û˸ˡ
Щʦʦ֪岻ãΪݸΪǲǵġΪֱܹʿΪǱɳǾݲӦΪģӦչȥʼΪ¶ǡС¡Ӧ˷ѹҲðرССĲϡ
嵹ҲûϲϲԼҲûԼǵеʲô
Ҫ˵ͬϲš
ֻһʱһ仯͸Ƶʱ򣬵Щ˶Ǻʱڿʼ£Լϲ¡
룬Ǹڳǰ˵ϻǸ˵һݺͳӰ͸ˡ
һǶߵһ
ŵʿ㲻ϲ壬Ҳ˵󲻸һ͡
棬Ѹ˵壬岻òºлתء
岻ǲŻĵֻǸԼһ𳤴һֱԼˣĸעǡ
ʲôҲ˲ˡ
ڳ̧ǰߵʱѪɫȫޣӺס˳ţ˼ҵغţ²ףſԷֻҪһǷ˹λǴֽŶУ԰Ҳ԰ҹһῴҲ뿪ԭһչģҲвˣ
һ˵һ߿һۣҪʦ壬ֽҧأƲ۲ٿݡ
һ߿ɫ࣬ŭ˵㶮
˶٣Ŀ˸Ҷ˼һ£ͷ¶һҪ޲޵ı飬ѵ˵ҪҿԸ㡣
ңЦˣθң𣿡
ӡ
ºе
Լþһ㡣
ȥ۾ȥÿղͬķ羰뵽⸱ӺۣҲûһй۵ͷ
ȥȥÿһɽӺֻǡ
ҿ
ͷųŵ°ڣ۵ѾٶǴһھֵµ
Ϊ˾¸侲˼˵вҲֹӲãҲá˻ΪԼУֲ֪ܻãͼһ𳤴ĸ
һ˵һԼ͸Ĺǰ˵Ļڵصһ𣬽ֳˡ
ڳǰ˵Һ޼
ɼȴ˵ãҪñ˭á
ҺܹУȥҲ¡
ʱСЩɱˡ
ҼʵöҪˣЦȴԴ˲֪顣
ȥôҲظŸңյûⴳ¡
Һܺã˼öࡣ

˵Щƣͣ¡
Ķĳŵ
Ժ󲻹ܷʲôҶᱳ㡣
Ȼų˵֪ħһҽޣƽҪһЩҩףʿɻĲⲻʶȣħıǣҵǳ˽յĻ¡ֻҪԸô˵һȫϣֻҪһ·һúܺãҿԡ
˵ٴͣ٣Ժгֱ֣ѹȥºܿΪеִҧҿԳѻ¥ùˮ취ȥҿ԰˻ԭףֻһС
š
һ¡
Ļһ¶һϲ޹صЦݡЦ֮߱ΪŭɫĹ⣬ϰƸһƬ׵ƣ÷·һ̾ͻʲôо
ŲԸЩĻٴΰ򿪡
˵ڵأֱȲڴֲڵʯϲ»Ĵʹ˲ʹĵزȥ
һúܺõģҾԲ¶ҡԭ֮ĵλ
Ҫβҡ
ʱһʴ
ͷ
Ų𣬽Ỻһ硣
ûãųŲŵ屻һֻסֱֵֻܴۡȦ첲ָǽڷԾ˫ϡ
ݲܳźʦֵܲעӣһֱֻ壬һֻס°ԣĹģܸһַΣԤС
屻ȦڻУ԰׵ںڷĴӵԽݿۿ죬Ϊ亹һãȻС
ԲֳܻӾҪˡ
̫ˡ
ݲϲ飬㷽˵ʲô
ſ죬ݵɫŶԳ˵ĻûҶٽһ顣
ݵƬ̣ûȵش𣬵Ҳ˵·веֻͨ㣬ȥ׼ˣ
û˵ޱؿٴθҵͷĶᣬֻǱ֮ǰǴΣθӾڸûİڼ
һһٵ˵УҾΪ㲻ң㵱ҡ𣿡


97 İ·
۾Ķܿˡ
ʱ̫ˣûܺõĴݵŭֻܲ԰ؽţǲ뿴Ϊѡ
ΪѣݴƷƷ仰ж٣ȻƤ¶ŪζΪ˵Ϊѣĺ󾱣ΪҶΪѵʲôǲƽ˽ģǲΪ˸
һʱ
һԵʦʦݶֹ׻
δݶĿ˶һۣüݣ֪ʦԼĲࡣ
ǲݶĸ飬ųлʿʦʦֶڴʲôԭӲãֿǡ
ΪˣʦǰһȰһ䣺ݣ
Һ²Ҫ˲֡˴ʦֵĻԭƽĿͱˡ
ܴʱ¶εʦ֣Ŀͣϣ廹޷סʱжЦһ¡
塣һ߶۾һ߷ƲܶԷ
˵ʿħŴɣǰ¶˵ףԭҪҲŹⲻ㲻Ըܸı¡
ʦ塭еסݵ䡣ǵݵƣĶࡣ
˳ס֣˿Ѫ˫˲˵ϣ˵ģʦҲĿ
һֱһ
·ͻȻ徹µ븵ʦͽûô
۾Ҳ
Ĺ⣬Ҳй֡
ѵ˵ŶʱҾ͵ĵһ»ʲôǰڸ··ҵʲôطֻҷͬһܣһʱ嶯ҵģȥҰȰ룬֣ͷϣҲǨŭ㡣Ͼһʱղ̣׸᲻£ǰ㵥ºͬ׼˼Ҳ֪ô˵õġҡһʦô¡
Ҳû룬ֱӵ˵ͷСĵؽӹе·Ȼŷĺ뿪ȫû뵽ȥ·ϿܻΣա
ķ̫ྫ뿪ʱ左۵۾ҪˡԼǲǲά裬һĽֻҪϽҵ˺
뿪󣬳޿̣˸£ݣûأ
ͽ಻壬һһ˵塣
ڽʲôޱؿ뿪ķڳ˵ϵһº޹ϵһ䣺Ƿ˵ʱߴһˣ
ѹŻ𣬡ǣΪ˰ˡ
ˡ߶֣ͷٴ˼
ˣѵӲغõòû뵽һ䡪
Ǽ˭׼𡣡
˵ôһ䡣
ֱͨһ¡
ԸĿأܿ˻û
ղŵķӦݲ븵ʱûпġ
ݲΪʲôû֪ͨԼӦô
*
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źһ·ڳǽԻС﷢˸
Сƾɵĳϣȷֿ°ϻ˧ĺɫѡ˵ֻźɫĻǽеĽű˺ںϣסҵĻͷϵ̫
ʮԣ
ϸΣյĺǽͺŵĳγìܵĻ档
ǰΪԼܶȴɴطýͷ
ôˣ
һĻ˲õһָɱſ־嵽⡣
ʵ·˺ܶ࣬Ҫ˵ĻҲֻ࣬ЩڿһȴֻͷʱʧӰ١
һ۾Ϳ˸״̬ԡ
Ǳ˭ȶ˼ǣ˶塱
һ˲䣬Ժ˸յЦ۵ؿʲôˣ
˲䣬ûлػ
ֵȣȴһ޹ؽҪĻ
ƽ˵վˡ
Ĳڸʱﵽ㡣
ָо뿪ʱȥʶԷ
Ϊʲôң
㳤ʲô
ǷֿûãΪλҵӣ
ʱģͳӵǲͬġСʱʲôģ
ó˼޷˵ʧʹܸһӿͷһֱѵĸоʸұˣ
û̻شҪˮ⣬̵˵Ҿұˡǰ㣬˵ʲôʲôǰǸӣֻҪҶô˵ĵܹʲôȥ
˵ʱͷɻؿ壬ãȻ˵ڲˡ𣿡
岻ס
屾ΪԼԼˣû뵽˵
Ϊʲô䣿ĪҲˣʲôһˣΪʲô븵нԶˣʲôͷ뵽Լˣ
Щͷ۾ȥԸ
֪ӵеĲ࣬ԺƤ˵ԼǸΨһӵеġ벻ͨжʧŻԼΨһӵС
۵Ӹʹһ
ˮ㣬ֻ֪ſʹ
һǵʱģҲǵʱ˵ÿһ仰ǿضŸЦЦǰиӣʱĸڵĸҪȥı£Ϊ㣬ԶܻẦң𣿡һǼ׺ߵˣȴΪòƤ˵ֻⷬϣõһǡ
ɸû˵ֻǾؿ塣
Ȳشʱڴ˿ˡ
ĿúİΪ˸İȫò˵
ҪȥǸܡ
˸ѡȴû뵽ѡӲ

뽩ֵʱЩһֱŸǸС̴ӳˡ
վڣɫɫҪѿ˵λãһǵؿŸû°ɣ˵ʱƳһûк۵״һЩ⡣
ؿˣּһӰ̴֣ѶԷ֮ǰץסǡ
̱ǵζźӰһͬϮɫֱ׷Ⱥڣԭֻ·ϻ￴ˡ
ֱϲɱˡ
л˺СһЩԥس˽ȥգ۵Ĺץס˶ڵ̴ӣ˾
ͷһɢֻɺˮֱۡ
ɢĺˮһͬڵϣûʲôˡ
ֻǺˮѲɢԾɲĵ壬һ޷һѸٵ޲˵ĵطͼ壬̴ӡ
֪Ҫ˭
ںֳֵһ̰γ˽Ҳؿ壬ע⵽ץֱֻͻȻֵĽɢ
ûж룬˺ˮؾ۵Σգ̧ͷ忡Ϊչ˿࣬ԵøĴ
ڵȸ
ڱˮ֮ǰһֱڵȸһѣֻϧڴ۾ֻӳ˸䵭ı飬Ϊ˶˼ĿɬΣ֡
Ÿ᲻
ţĺ̴ֺӵĺͬʱƶں׼̴Լһ̴̣ӵļһԲؿŸ
Ŀԣʱҵ˱˴Ӧ顣
ǳס֡
ס̴ӣҲûпһۡ


98 
һֱ֪͸֮ᡣ
ǿ˵ġ
岻£ֻеۣɼۣҲνͣν⿪븵֮Ľᡣ
ӲΪԼ͸زǰֻǲΪĵ·϶˼ȦԼ˵ҪֻҪǵʱĵط߲ҪȥķҲԭ·أȻѰµ·³
ûµġ
͸һˣǶӵƶأΪյĿ֣ϧе磬ûµġ
ͷȥֲûΪջأʲôѲѿʲô𽾰Ҫ͸ͺõĿжòҪ
ƺ˫۾Ը˵ͺðɡ
Ȼȥˡ
ڱˮΧ֮ǰֻһζķҡ
һ˲Ūڷ£ֱݰӺˮﱧŶͷ̫㱵Žãֻϧ֮ǰһֱæűܣûܷ羰飬װ״಻ľ
ںܺõݱˮĹ뿪ǡ
Ǹ̴ˡ
µѣҲһ¡
ݵĻΪԼƽⲻ֪Լ۾һֱضԼյ֣ȻԼˮȥֱݽһ
壿
Ӳһ£ٶ۵ڷӦһ㣬ݵǵؿʱһѱסݣϸָѹݿıץסʲôԾĶĿͣںˮֵӿڣǽ֮ʱһԼ֮ǰйͷ
룬͸֮ģֻ֮˸ı飬Сࡣ
ڣԼǲǻ᣿
Ȼ˼ãҵ˴𰸡
ʲôᡣ
͸֮ûˡ

˯죬ڿ֮ǰһݵΣСǰ֣źѹһѡ
ͷĿ
֪ܵȥˡ
ڵȴڼ䣬̫Ҫˮ֣ĺɵܿȳҲûˡ
ȥˡ
ֵʱʲô
ɻؿֻ֣ϡǵڱˮ֮ǰ˵塣
ʱڴ˿ֹͣĹУնػš
ʵҷҲһֱ룬ȥʲôӡ
ĻƬ̣ڹ۾̲סʱ뵽һ䡣
Ҳǲˡ
εͻȻƽ˱
˾һֱݵĻǶľ
ԲѼҪҪֱһֱݵס
˳ṩסȴԳûʲôɫڱȥǣľʿпؽֻĳǳȥͬȫµĽֵŹȥ²ǻþҲǷؽܴļ䡣
һֱ壬ڼǳ֣ǳȰû뿪˼
壬ͷԼϣһֱŲҰ׵ֲʱüģҪƽüĺۼȥѵʱڵһʱԷο
Сʦ壿
ڡ
ǻЩԺڳһǰһ㣬Ƭ̣˫̫һ۾޳ָѾ˿ڡ
ʱģ˫۾뿪
ɤ˵ôûȥҽ
ݳһ£ѡʵʵ˵ʱ˭ҲҲ
һ˲ýӲϵָ̧һ£·һֵ޲ͬ
ǱߵĳϢæ˹˵仰ȻɻСĵӽӲӸ¥ֵ飬׼ϳֵ֪ʲôôƽƽĳǰġ
ƺ³֡
岻ǵЩ£Ȼûа취شʵ÷ˣԼֲ˿ڣҪô˵
Ȼע⵽Ķ۵üëʣ𣿡
ҡҡͷų˵ۡȻ˵һҲۡ-
û˵ʲôĥ仰˼ؾúȤ
һҲۣ۵
ݲ˵شۡ
һֱĸҲ˽⸵ӣ֪֮ǰôֿۣȥԼһֱŤʱȥҸҪֽ
ΪĿģȥҸ֮ǰ˵Ƿ֮λ̴ӣߣҪע⵽ѾǸһеĿ档
Ҫ岻ͬ鸵ҪȥӰӣȷʵϵǰ壬죬ȴԼĵľֻڸ뿪ռԭ˸λãΪԲֶΣЩ¡
븵ֱ룬Ψһû뵽Ǳ͸¡
ûеЪ˹ûеĸγϣûеҹ£ﲻֹϲˡ
ᣬԹ˴δƽǵ£Ҳֻʵţǲʶһ
ᣬҲᣬӾš
һЩҲоȥ߿ŪһЩĲҩݿ۾
ϣݹԹԵ۾ҩ
ָͣƯϣԽԽϲݣ۾Щ𣿡
ûлش
ʱ˵ϵҪš
Ťͷб۾壬ŴӴ⣬ںڷ֮£ױų顣
ͳ·磬ǲúûã
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˵䣬еҩ࣬תȥŪϵЩƿƿ޹ޡ
ıӰɳȥЩûҵҲ֪ȥĶ
Щһ
޷ӦնĶͣϵıȻᣬȻķ·˵òǸ䣬
Ƭ̺ҩƿɢŵҩţϵ˻ûãЩͱˣȥɡ
ֻվݵĽǶȿ£˵ûһ¡
ˣǰͬ˵Ҫӣһ£òʱߡ岻ʱ⣬˵ҶϲˣͶȤˣۼʲôҲ㣬ǱЩɱɱ£εĻһ᣿
á˵ҲĴӦ
Ūҩӵͣ¡
ʻȴݴӦʱЩš
㡭Ҫߣ
š
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ҲΪԭġ
ǡҪպħ𹥴ԭֻ뿴ƽȥֻͬҶɽﲻ𣿡
µʱЩţΪһ᲻֪λش𣬲붼û͵˵ͷŪʮָӡʱһһݾΪĸо
񲻹ʲôҪݶӦ۾Ҳֻ

ҲǷԭʲôԭҾһֱΪԭߣΪԭıԭҵҪࡣ
õ
һûػּĺѹʣʲôʱߣ
ﲻûйǣֻ︵ؼһûҪһи뿪׼Ҳһ뿪֮ƣҲȥԭһ¡
ЩҪʱƽ֮ԭܴͻ¥ҲԻ˵ûʲôѹȻ뿪ԭʲô¡
˿ʼĥӦȥӡ
ĳȴЦæ˽˫ϸ壺ʲôߣҪȥĶ
ݺ壬ǰĸ˵ҵ㣬˺üգˣԽãǰЩӻȥҪ⣬ʱˣҲź˲١
һ˵һ߹۲壬ܾܶĻⲻ⼸ո˺üţһֱʲôʱж˼ɴϲ󱯣ֲ֪ʲôʱһжҲû׼ţǵüûкúЪϢ
˵ЩûвͷСĵ̽壬£⼸һжһƣ
ûдӦҲûоܾ
ڿݵɫƺȥȥжݵҪ
һ۾Ϳ˼ǰ֧ݣתͷ˵ɽɫԭ㼸Σ˵̣ʲôҪ˵ҲԽһ˵塣
ݿһ£˵ͷ
ɿڣһһԵȥԭǱߡ
ӢǰһԼӣùͷ
岻ϹӣȻӢĿ⣬ӢΪҪ˿ݡ
Ӣʱͣ½Ų˼һ£볤˵λһȥ𣿡治ɫʦ֮ǰȥжλˣĽʶȴûлᣬҡҲ֪˵ЩףͲʦ˼Σʵڲƾܣ֪ɷ棿
ŸȻܾԭĵλȥԭɽʲôʧȵ£ӢԸ⣬ֱӾҲûʲôǡ
ǺˣԸӢߣӢߺæ壬ʣλɽ
£Լ֣˲õ
ǿɫɵӣȻ֪Ÿǲһ𡣶볤һʱ䲻ûԽܳݵ£ȻҲġ
óĵ⣬ѹ˵գײǼ̱ˣû˵㲻õ˼ݵȨȥһˣҲԿҲû
˳˼ɫÿࡣ
ɳûоʹͣ£صؽ˵м˵壬Ӧ֪ߵԵɡɱ²С£ǰȥţźú̸̸
Ҫǳ嶼Ҫˡ
һȴ˵¡
ǰŵԭźͳǰóһӣķһؾ
֪üУҲ֪ÿؾﶼһЩ׵䱦ֻĻԼؾرʲôûҲ֪
ǰóȥ̽̽ŵĿڷ磬ʱ˵šơԼӵʱ;֣Ҳµ²򵥡
֪λû˵飿ķȣ˵ǰõӣвؾؾ̽һȦλӦҲ֪ؾǧǰĴߴűصĵطŵбһ䱦顣
ر𣬲Ⱥɽ֮еһȪｲ࣬Ҫ鲻ˮˮ뿪ؾ
ӵȿϧֻһΣֽӵ÷
ʯдµݣҽҶķ˿úӼ£СԼĶӣŵࡾֻҪͷڣҶڲյİҲתУȸȥһۣһգܻˡ
ȫû뵽ķչǳʮ棬ҪµĿŶȡ

ܲһʲôϵ
ü֪ӦȾܽؾǾȳ·һ𽲡
̾һ˵ǸӢǾʶ޵ǹ
ޣ
գգ۾ӢݵԼӢʱĸӱ顣
ĸЩڣӢʾģֻ˲֪壬ʱճ֪ˣӢǸ㹻ĵĺùҷһ͵Ϯǧںˣ޹࣬ʮӢеǿߣһΪر𡣡
˽Щȫ˵˫ӢУΪԸͬϣԴɱ˵ĶʱܵʾڶԷͷ
ıˣµ˳ʲô˼
˵ʱԼ˵һ䣺⡢Ϊ˷ж참ܳȨʽƽպ֮С
˵ʲô
ӢݵϿһһٵҪ֪ɱĲ꣬ݡ
Ȼ˵бǷж鰸ԼƿسȨ򣬡˺ѵĽҲӣһ۾Ϳˣķӡ
һ仰ͰŪɵˡһԴտգֻų˵ɱĲ꣬ݡ


99 
ԭǧ¥ʱİۡ
żûߣﶼŲͬĴ㣬ҲڸѰ˵طסҪȿԭĶ
ߵĻ¹ȥΰۣ֪ŵֺãǰӢҪݴ·
Ӣݣ˵һԣ󾡿ܲݽ̸
ߵɽ£Ҫʯ׵ӢݿڵǺѡ
һʯϵİѥͣ£ӢĽżⲻԾת򱱱ߣŲתͷԼݣ֪Է֪µġ
˭֪͢Ż˾ˣǧݵС˱ע޷ҲͶǵĽ鲻ܱ֪
ôġ
ĹϵĵһӦ˵ʲ-_  \ôȻ־òԡ
Ϊʲôӵ±˲ȴġ
ȻݣͲ֪ԼĹϵ
벻ô֪µģԿʣ˵ģ
ûشӢ⣬еͷҲصǰԼʳġ
鲻䣬ɢȴ⸱ƵģӢСѹ
⻰ʲôӢһ˲ԡʹӢ֪ݻ̽񺣣Ҳ֪ǰݵĶԻҲʱ˵ⷬԭô򣬶ѾȷһЩ¡
֪޵Ĺ֪ǺѣʶЫ֩룬Ҳڿֳʱ뵽һЩ¡
ӢŵҪ֪Լ¶˵סɼ̨׵Ľһ̲ͣûжֵ˼Ūôġ
ܹܵĵӢĽţûиһʹ˼
Ӣ֪Ĵ㣬һ鷳ֲá

û˱飬׼ʲô˼
ûд󳳴֣Ҳûʳֻһʮ侲ıųƺڱ𳤹ĻǼ١
ˣĳʶ꣬ȴܺݵɱºһֳ֪ɱĲ֪꣬ԼĵжԭǣУȴްֻ⣬ﲻֹûпܻ޹۵жǧӣûнԼţ˼ʵټǿԽĵˡ
˵գ建գһۣҲ֪ûȥ
岻Լģѵȥ壬洫ԵǰǸ²ż汸ľӣȻǵ¡˵Ļ絽ֻΪˣɢǡ
˵ﻰҶҲģ㣬㻻ݼжҲ֪ԭͷʢԵɡ廹ûзӦĵؼȰ˵㲻ң˵ЩΪáҪǸĻһȰȰԼģֻһ׶İڼ㲻ǣܷߣ
⻰˵廹ûб̬
ޱؿԼҲ֪ʲôһҲ
˽˵ԭ֦Ҷḭ̈᲻ɴݣٹ̣Ľïʢڵϵչ⡣˵˵ŷµü϶˶ȨĿֱ׵չⲻԸⱻڵжԸԭΪжڵȨˣȥǿ֦辣Ӣȥ
ʲô˼ڿˡ
أҪһӲ֪£иı飬Ͱ鵱͸ţţɳŵĺУָø죬ҪǰҺͳŹȥʱһȥɱԼݣһ˵£һûųӢ֤ʱ򼴱ԭ⻤ݣҲ޷ȫˡ
Ҳ¶Ӣ
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۾ĬƬ̲ŻأΪʲôҪĴңҲ֪Ǹ𣿡
ΪҶҪҵһУ˵ĻҸһȣʲôҪ֪ȨƵж󣬶ҲõĶ㣡˵ǰȥƯ˺ݶ壬˵һ飬˲ʺ㣬һԭǧӽԹݻԹ޳ָӢҲԹңʱҪΣ᲻֪һֻ᲻Թ㣿
˫һ۾һ˵㲻Ҫòᣬ븵ͻ֪ûʲôĶ
ֻӵȨƣһһı仯סģֻӵȨƣ߲Ż䱦ʧȥһ䱦ʱ򲻾ۣԲϵӭµıʧȥһһǷŲò¡
ĻͿˡǡ
˫۾Ƭ̣Ȼ˵úе
ƺĶҡʱһ
ˣƭ㣬ƭ㣬Ҳƭ㡣ַߺ޵˵ǳʲôԵɣûһûƭ㡣ҿĶĲǲԽ֮ǰҪԷóʲôܿ㣬ҲͲΪ㵣ˡ
һֱƽһ£Ǿƭġ
ŹȥݵĵεΣӿΪʧ۾˼ܾãȻʳס

˲١
λãǰڽ̸źͳţͷһַֻԼĽϣһֻشһ࣬óӵӢ
ڵ֪һ̣ݲûоȹֻǾÿȥÿ죬ܿ侲ˣͬʱҲ֪һĴú⡣
ɱģȥİĽһ̳ɢ
϶˵˭֣ǿ˵˵ƾǧӣɲӢܿɱӦʲô֤ܡ
ӢûʲôϵΪͣɱ˭֪Ҳס
ϸ룬һֱŲ˳ۣȻ´¡
Ҫɱ˾ɱˡ
ηĽָ˳ϣһνơ
νţȻѾҪΪۣҪʵ
˵ϳɱͱǸˡ
ɱһΣɱڶΡ
ͰԪּҪ֮£ֲˣɱζӶࡣ
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ɱȥ壬ɽᱻЩҵʱǷ׷ɱô˵Ҫˡ
ʲôóȣ˳
һԵĳż״ĿС
ûã۾ãȻؿŸ׵ֶ֮һݵ
ʱʲô¶һƤЦⲻЦı飬ɤ˵û뵽ɱҡ
һ仰û˵꣬⴫һ
ڵ˲ſڣ˽
ĸƣɫͬѣһܿ˵Ĺϵ
ĳܺãһ˫ۣЦǺǵӲƽǰĮ
ûйĳһ۾Ϳı鲻ԡ
볤ԼĶӢ֪Լɱ£һֱ侲ڲ侲ˡ
ݵıհƬ̣ŽĲ֪Ѿˮռݡ
ڿһֵĮı鿴֮Ŀԣ˼δµҲûֱվ
ԽԽֻһ۾ܲµеĺ塣
Ѽ˴˵˵ʱڿʼҲû֮ǰ׼ɱĵȻ
Ǹ˼еˣҲ֪ԼΪ
һ³ȥ֪ӦԵʱǰһ䣬ҪӢһͬԸһ㣬˵ҡ
սеĽ
ҪʦΪ¡
ȴ˵һ䡣
лҪ˵
ݣɽ
壺ΪҡݲֶǸˣҪԶʵϵҡΪʲôôΪңΪ˺һĶҪˣ϶ңҪ󶨣ȥ
Ǵˣ


100 
£
ݱ΢ţڵԵĴڻԼĶ䶼ʲô
Ϊȣû̻ػҲӦλػ
Ʊ仯̫졣ΪĵһΪſϿ顣
֪Լʲô£֪ʲôˣҲıԱ¶ʱжôʧжôܣԼָôȥ壬Ψû뵽߳ţҪԼΪ¡
һǵúϣ˫ĿŭɣȻ˼㣬ڳӣŲָıʦ֪ܣ㰴Ż˵һ䣺⺢ӹûǳ˵ǰҲǲ˵Цֵĵط
˵Цһסⷴ壬˳ŵĶ棬ʮ˵ǲ˵ЦԼ˵Ĳ㣬Ҫɽô롣
һóʦص˵ô򳤹Ҳã˴ǹལãȫ˲
Ųԭж£ֻС㷽Ҫ˵ʲô
˫ЦȫûЦ⡣ؿͻȻֵ壬ɱһû˿Ҳûʲô֤ݣʹ(}[ָݣҲҧݡ
ڳ֪շʲôֻݡ
µõģûʲôɹϣȻԼ֡ǿ˵ɱԼźͳ϶ỳݣֻҪݷϣ˵ޣҪ˰ԼƶأҲܳΪһǣ¡
ݶԭ̫Ҫûȷ֤ǰһݡŵǻΪƴһҪݸۣõĽ˳ǲôá
˵ʵǧݵȻԭҲû̫ࡣΪ࣬\{_ղŲ˺Ƥʱˡ
˳ĶӣҪݽΪ¡Ǹж࿴˭ʱжԭҪݣΪͬʱˡΪˣ²˵һʱ嶯жԭֱ⻤ݵͬʱѹֲ˺á
Ϊţ¶˾ģ۵׵һʱ͡
Ӣſָݵ֤ݣ֤ݽţ볤ʱͻȻĻ
Ӣɵʱ˽ôһ£ĬĬе֤ݣһԲվڳࡣ
һ̵Ļ
ݷеĽһʱûʧȥԼİͽҲûиѷĿɳֻгʧȥ˴ѹԭĻᣬơˡ
ߵһĹΣգһƽȵ·ȥһͳô˵ֻݣ۾ʱƶͬʶһ㣬ִҪϸϸؽݿ
һŵģ첻ȥ˵˵Ļ
侲ţǰҲһƭӣкܶƭӣ縵󶼻ƫΪ˺ٹȥαװƭӡΪݲǣֱʵǰŷ֣ԭûʲô
ԭǺΣնƭˡ
ԭֱ嶼Ǽٵġ
ʲô޺ʲôӲЩһԸĴִһݣȥĲһʵһֻ۱һֻ۵װϹ
˼ˣЦһ
糤˵ǰ㣬ɱºǳôȴްֻ⣬ѾǵĻˡ£ȻԼС̡
Ҫʲô
Ȩƣ
뵽ͷ۾ܿﷴ̰ĽȨƵ
Լ˵ҪĲЩ
ʵҪʲôһʼͺԡ
ɱǱƭȻáܺá
ƽ˳ţԸԼͿڣԸԭһҲҪֶεߣⲻ˵ݵκκ˶Ҫ
ⲻݾ˼
ⲻҪĻش
̫ˣ
Ȼ֪ϲԼԵɣ̫ˣ
ƫִ᲻һ˹Ҫˣܸο뿪ˡ
ˣҪĲָԷץסԷ
ɵ֪ȻΪжѡȥݣҲΪжѡݡ
ʵ˼һʼͺԣֻԸԸ룬ҪݣֻܸһĴ𸴣ܲܵõŵϿɣǾͲӦÿǵˡ
Сʦ˻ûãȴȥҩϲźͳų۾ЦӯӯشǵĶԻ
ȻŤͷŻҪԪ񣬽վͲ߶ˣһ
ҲЦŻأá
ǻʺЦ棬ƲĹڡ
볤к岻ܳ˵ʲô뿪˰ۡ
һֱܰ˳̨׶£ּе죬ǻصԭȺɽԺ
徫񲻺ãߵһ˾վʯϴ˿
﷢԰׵ƶ°͵죬Ŀƣһ̬
ʱһֻ֣Ҫȴƿ
Ƽ죬·˶࣬˵»ҪСЩȻȥ˵Ȼ̧ţһߴһ˵ŸһЩ۾ãһЩù͵ķ
߱˵ЩҳһıȴüͷԽԽǱ˷ڻ濾
ȻصסȲĿڣҡ
ȥҩǸӣȴܡ
ݲԸʵһ࣬Ŀ𣬹۲ڷȥ塣
ˣϳһЩȺǰ
ˣɫĲĲӣ̽ͣؿڣƶ˼Σᵽʮ
ûãݵ۾һֱͣԼϣµİһԣתһҩ룬ҲȥԼɢڣ̵ݵߣҩ벻ź˵ˡ
ݵɫıϣ˵뿪֮ǰãֻ㰾ҩߣȴ̫ҩġ
û¡ݶ뵭ɫҩޱſ죬˳˼ȥ
ʱιһڣʲô£
ûΪʲôɱҲûݲԼʱʲôֻԵĵģʻֻվݵĽǶȥ˼
ܹܵõƫĵİݲ˵Ӣʶ꣬⺦㡣ҿ㣬ɱɱ˰Ԫ
һ졣
ҩİΪ仰ͣ£Ƭµת
û뵽аԪޱضеҩ룬ʣԪʲô
Ҫڽصʱһ֣ʱֶһ֡
Ǻֵ˭
µˡ
պôƺ󣿡
㿴˭˳۾ͼ޻˭ͷϡ˵գݶ˶٣۾̧⻰ʲôӦ
治ɫǸӣǣҲɡȻһ£ҪɣŶ㲻á
ʱԭзĵԭģûɱ⣬ȴźصɱģ;ʱǽҪ꣬ջ硣
û뵽˵׵첻Ծһ£Сײǣһˮۡ
ΪȸҪ˽ˣһ֪岻ƵˣȥҲĵˡ
ˡ
һˡ
Ҳ֪ݵ뷨⡣קݲ˲죬Ȼ¸ιҩ
ļžܿռ䷿
ݶûȥʶԷı仯ƺ壬ֻԵñ˴˺ܿЦ
ʱһ£ݣ۾û˰ɣ
˵ڸߵҾͿܿ
ݵαװģʱĶܹر¶ϴڵ⡣ֻǱѵľ㱹Ҳû˼ֻԸ¡
Ҳû壬װϹõչˡɽ̫֮࣬ѾļƻҲûαװ˼ῴ⡣
ϣЦЦſҪҩҴ֪ʲôҲûֻȫ˼
һҩ͵ݵͣ˵ȲݣأЩʱ
ݶ˶٣鲻ſ죬źһڲ˵֪Ȳݶ۾ãʦУұϹ
ô˵ϵЦ˼֣Ҳ֪ųȲݵζֻ֪᲻ȥ˵գһеһӣӴķѺ˵ݡ
ֻҪϲң뿪ңҾܽΪҲΪ˼Զ㡢㡣
ԼңҲԼ˵ѣЩҶܣΪϲ㲻ֶҲҪߵӣͬģҿϲ㣬ȴ᲻㡣㣬Ҫס


101 Ϸˣ
ȸڰǰ֦ϣͷŰ۵Ҷ
еղǺܺá
ſ壬ֺ͵Լĺӣԣ˸ɢ
һۣӢʳô⣿ȥ֮ǰҪָɱ
֮ǰ֪ϲݣ˳ӣŽ³˳ԭǧӣԱպѹš
˵ЩӢ
ɽȥʱҪߣҲԸΪ뿪ԭ͸⡣˵ȤһԲصжٻһԷӵеȨƵλһ壬ҪһֶΡݼȻԸʲôĸߣⲻ˵Ҳס𣿡
˵˵ԼЦˡ
һضĵ¡ݵĵ֮ϲˡ
ĶӼȻĻԸΪסһݺϣҲһٹʡ

˵Ǻûǲá
˵ãô᣻˵ãôôĲ档
ûк˵Ц˼ҲûʲôƽԹޡ侲˵Լ뷨˵ֵ̧һݸݣҪĿζ¡
ǰֻˮ߶ֻܿô˵Ļô£ҳ԰ʲô벻֪ԭࡣһ仰ˣҲݡ
ţԼȫװˮУǱһڡ
˵˼򵥣ǲߣɱ¹ҡ
뵽ˣҲǡô˵ģ
˵ΪҺã˵Ҫ㣬Ապѹԭһ³˵ǣЦһΪƯ˵˺ܶ࣬Ҫû˼ɲظЩ¡
˵εҡҡͷǴҪҰס㣬ҰжȥЩ˼ȳǿࡣҪ˵û㣬ԭƽ̵λܲȿɲһ
˵ʵ
ԭĵӶ֪ʵΪҺʵûôƣʱҲ׳Կ
Ųͬ
ǸˣҲǸҰĵˡ
Ҫ壬ҪԭʧȥݣŹ⵱˵֪ŲݣҪݣͱжһҲֻͶ
ҪȥݵǿΪԭⷬ˵ͬҲǳҪ˼
˳仰ȥǣѹ£ԭͻʧȥݣжҪǳѹ£ȻҪΪжݿ岻ԭʱǶӺݶץʱֻǰݴԭ˳ȥݽԼУʶô㶼Ӯ
ҲݵĻ͸Ŀڵɡ
ôıʣȷʵץסȨ˼᳤ֻƣԲΪĩ˻˵ûһʡĵġǰƾƣҽƾ¡
Ȼᷴһͷʾͬ⡣
Щ£һԵĲ豭һڣȻʱ䣬յݣСʦ壬۾ǲǿˣ
Ӹղſʼݵ۾͸оһʹ˵ЩлѾˡ
巽˵ĻݳƬ̣۾񺣿㣬ߵ˻
˼ܹ֪߶ʲô
£ǰݿԼϣȵıϢԼϵ£ɫתࡣ
ɷϣλСʦ˼ǲ١
ȥԼ޷Ʊռ˲ٵıˡ
ͻȻ棬Сʦ壬治Ȥ𣿡
ʵٻ
ʵ
Ϊҿ˵һȤ
ЩƺЩģһֻ֧ϣһַֻϣǰĵש˼ãб۾λʲôҲµˣôôϲĿݣȻСʦ塣
ţ
վ
תͷȴԼߣе
Ϥĵϴ
̧ͷ˫ת۾ͣϣȻ˳ûõ̽롣
Ϊֻܱܵòɫʣݿ¶İ𪼡Ҳӡ
ǿݣȴܴɿ̽ɫ
ɫɢƳͣӵıԵƺҪˡ
ڱࡣ
ɷ粻䣬Ҳ֪ڵǴġ
ڼž֮УŲյָһ£֮ȫӲˡ
Щ岢⣬ԭƣһӽסǰˣ˽Ŀƿܿ˽ϵѹȸйǴġ
һ̣Ȼ˹ȥԼΪʲôִԼϵĿ⣬һֶԼġءֵĿ־С
ݵ۾ԼϣȥֱĿﲻֵ⣬µһݲٹ˼ֻݵ£ڴϵĹӰ棬ݱ˿ɵ衭
ⶼǹȥˡ
ڵһ㶼¡
ŹȥĵεΣЦһԼ΢ַݵϣȻݵȥԼ
Ħһռ䷿ݵӶʱӲʯͷ
Ƕ˻ֻ꣬ûüۣľګǸת䡣嶢Ѿָݵ֣Լ´ס˶˫Ư޳֡
µʱĺܿģüĿչƺЦ
һֵۣûаĺܽһָɿĽ۴ĵ˵׵ҪƬĲҽԶ˵ڵֻҪס
յݵĶߣ촽΢ţݵĶ˵ݣ㲻ܷ
Զ
ƾܡ
𣿡
ѵһźΣǺ˿ǣĸݡЩ£ֻõݵϿɣȫ˼һ᲻յʲôʣ
һһĶУݱŵĵط˻ݸͲƽѵһ˵ʽֻ˵ͷѹɤ˵á
õݵĳŵ޹˼ɵȥ
һỺ£ûκ
ţϤĲľռݵϤ⡣


102 ˼
ڱǼԽԽŨ
ݼǵϵζǵԸжáʲôܵõĵĸͬؼǵãԼԶǲ䲻ȵӡ
ǸԸ˿׵ˣûͻһ侲ģĵزȺ֮УӲ׿
壬ݲֹһԷųӾЩ֦ͷĬع۲ŵ϶ߵȸ
ԣǲͬˡ
һطͬʱſ죬ȸᷢöĽȴֻӣ˻˻죬޺ΣյĶԱչʾܾ¡ϲҲûĳֻſеѡ֦Ҷ֮ȥ׽Զ޷Էվһ
Ϊ˿һĿģһֱСĵжرֱͣˣ˿ԷɣʵԷ֦ͣ辣Դ಻ʱ˵Ļ롣
ݺϲҩ
ҩһ˵ζҩζͻһ˵ţȴҲûжš
ļҩ̱ǵҩ࣬ǵŵĻ㶼ȲĴڸǿ
ʵ۾˵Ǵûл˯ã忿֮ǰ˹ֻʱʲôѡ˰
Ҳ֪Ϊ˲
̫Զಡעʵ׳ҲϹˣֱ۴ļʱӰססشǱѹסĻŵصȴûþʹ
ƽĶۣĴֻУȴǵȼɲĻǣ̲סû
ԽԽȡ
°͵ļϣֱѹڶԷļͷŶԷѱ侲һ档
ΪεľҹһΪŵΡ
˱ϸֱǿ֧壬ҪСְסʵֱۣһǿһĶԱ־ɱռݵȻ/²Ӧ÷µĴ
Ҫʲô
㱼䣬һԷĿܣִѹϷµӰȫ˶Է壬һƲɽһǣסԷ
ϲ˵ȥرҧһڡ
ѪζɢȴʮϲжһΣֿ/ܵĹ⡣
һΪҵδ￪ʼŽ
ﲻ٣֮Щꡣݼǲ̫ϸڣֽŵĿ/ֱܸɼǵʮ

ܿ𣿡
һֻСȵèݽŴʱ˵Сʦ塣
ţ
زݵϥϣֺŶԷȲأȴÿֻܸܵʮ֡ܡ
Ҫ֪ԷֽӣҪ֪Է˵仰ʱı飬ҪסΪ۾øĸ֪
ȻϵЩһ
ڷһжֲġ
⻹һθܵĴܸСò˵ȷʵɹˡ
ʣĥԼԼ͵ǰȴֻǰһЩͬѰĶ侲ԼЩʲôÿֻͨȥ룬ѥ
ʱΨһľѹԼŰģסҪסԷĳ嶯ָףֱҲŲһ¡
˽ĲУҧء֪жãϷˣڽˡ
վܽĵطʼȣδĴ
ҪΪȨյˣÿȨҪͷΪˣԼͣԼϵʱ򣬶ŷִ磬ôʹ͡
ˣݰ׵ĺѪɫϲ˺ˮʱ֣ͣŹԼʹ壬̵Լ·ϣڴʱȥԷѵǱ˶ԷΪˮಱϵĺڷƯһ¡
㻹ˣˡ󷽣һ˵һ˰ݵŶԷϲ飬ԷİӺƱԷϵˡ
ڽ֮ǰδݻһ档ŹСʦڽȫ˹ȥ侲֣չ¶ѹֵµķǿơܶǱûаԼҰı¶һŲһ
һֱʵʲô£üŴ⸱Ƶ˼ֿɰί˼Σյ
ƼԷɫ㡰̲סЦһ
ҡһͷ׼һȻ˻ݣȴԷͻȻĶһ
Բ۾ݵʱѾݵϡ
˱סͷļϣƵĲãȻһϸܵʹ
ʵ˵һµģΪݵĶģֺܿ侲
㹻ǣѡɿ֣ûԽ硣
ΪεĲϢȵס
Ҳ֪û£ֻǴЦЦ
áڼûжֻǰͣƬ̱ˡ
ˣЩӲϡ
ߣڴкڴ⣬ҪϢ
Ѵˡ
۵ǰȴһ˵ʲôҲϲ۾
֪ǿǵ˵ĻҲЩڣ۵˲˵㡣
ʱһˡ
֮ǰܰ˲ʱ
鲻䣬˯ˡ
֪û˯Ȼȥ˵侲ؼǿҡ

ʱҵúܣ֪Ҳһ˹ȥҲ֮󿴵ңתȥλ̴ӡʦ˵̴Ӿȹж
ſ졣ı鲻䣬ؿ˵ǰ˵
ǡݿ͹۵˵ֻǾӦ֪¡
ǿΧ˶ңҿˣҪңһ˵һ߻۾ǳɫתĿƵݵϣ䵭ʣˣҪһ㶪ˣ
ݳȻǣҪ㲻һֲԸ޵̫ࡣ
ǳʵСȱµıһҲΡ
ֺ۾ͦá
ƺҪ˯ˣ˯ǰ˵̫ࡣ
㲻һȥҸµʱż벻ºҲܲµһЩĮҺ޲Ҳ֪£ǰ˾ȹ֪ҲԽȥ֡
ʱ֮ǰ£нҲݵ֮ᣬȻȴǰ
֪岻ɵȻ֪д飬ֻ֪Ҳȥԭ¸ΪЩҲһ㹻˵ˡ
Ѿˡˣעǰ㵥ϣʲô£ƴһĳ徢
̫˽Լ˼صűˣҲ׶Ա˸ˣǰ͸˭ȲõλãԼܹĶȫĵؽ˶Էȴͱһһ
Դ֮һֹǱܣĻʧź
˭ѹҪȥ
ﲻʹ죬ȻҪһʹ졣
ΪݺҪͱģҲҪͬĸܡ
˴һ磬ųصжǰ׼ȥ
лҪ˵
壺


103 
ƿҩòãӢʱ˳ִӱ˼Ժǰקġ
˵ֹܿ̽
⻨𡭡
ڿҡϣͷŴԵƿһûһͬ˵ʲôû룬ʵԺһֱװŷˡ
Сģţһ
ǵǸɣ˭Ҳ뵽ǸԺˬŮˣһƦƦоֹŮ˵Ůˡ
һμŮ˵ʱ⸱С
ʶ꣬׷Ŵжܳȥﳼ
ʱﳼ׷һ˦Է鵹ڵأ泾ǵһԿһۡ
һѣӢһɫݣһģյȥϵĸʱӢǵߵﳼߣһȥ߳ȥףŶԷͷﳤȥʼնûпһۡ
ʱ룬Ҳá
ϵãûԷ˵鷳»ٺֻܶ࣬ʱû뵽˼գ˶Է
ٴ죬׷ܵǧħޣŶԷĮ׷ŶԷһųǣڽֹУ˵У˰µӢ
ʱˮɢһͷֱ֧ʯϣʯڣϸһɫԣǵɵĵƦǿһķ
ֻɨһۣΪǸԡҲûעԷ
ΧĻҳŤħ޵Ĳӣ˫αЦۣһ߶˵ԲסˣΪ˲аħ˸µ徻
˵ʱֵİմ˹ָűƿǽڣָָ㣬ƺﶼʲô
Ц֮˲Եĵط
ϵжԼϷŵʶվʱӢѾ˸һ˫ûʲôۣĪڵ㣿ǵҰץó˸ˣҸһְٰ
һڣһ£ϾٲϲҲΪһЩСǧֽ֮ԻὩסȫΪӢһڣŮӵЩˮĺɫ꣬ΪԷĶƿ¶һЩһĵط
ӢһҲû¶ӣûʲôźŭ
ϲ·˶ָָ㣬㷭˸ۣȥ÷һ·ֱվȲܶӻŮӣҲ˱©˸ǽڣԼʲôʲô
ûŮˣһʱԶԷ˵Ȥ
Ӣȴ֪ȫĶһһصͷһ˵ǧҲôˣŵĶӾɵӣ˻֪ܣŮԡҲñܿ
˵ĹԼ·ס©ĵطԼЦ𣺡һŮӣһܿҿ˲Щµˣһʱ棬˶˵䡣
ӢüΪʲôɺģ˻ŮˣϲЩһѪ֪ܻʲôʱЩ׵ĿҲͲˡ
仰Ӣ΢΢ɴ۾˼Ƭ̣Цˡ
еҲˣҵСţɱΧˣͷŲȥ˵Ц
ӢŤԸ˵ί̣һʱƬ̺ӢҡͷҺòײŽ˾˾Ա⳼ĹȻҲС
ûӢôʶԼŲĳͬжĳǳ棬жҪŪĻʮּ򵥡
ֻǳж˵Ƽ˲ˣвͬĿĵؽӽԼһʱȤ˶Է죬ܶԷγϣһֱŶԷֱΪѡ
ûлӢǳߣɼŮ˱ֵòʮϲԷǷһĽġҲӢڳһ㿼ǣһֱά˵ĹϵӢԸҲʱŸԷ
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˵˶ֽܿʼҡšħƣ˵㶦֮ƣҲ˶١ħ£Ѿס˳ȥԭԿףסȳԭٹжԿס뻳¥ѾħԭŻعʼҳҶµ׼˳ʲôǲֻ֪çײǱĲԣҲ룬ħ֮һֱûгʧصľߡ
ӲЩֻԼλħҲ֮˵ȥҲ˵гǸܰħö࣬һöԸ
Ҳ֪˵ǡ
˵ɽƴұɷһԭܷԭ󣬼պҪԭɹѹأҲܲԭκˡ
ԭ鷳һſȥȻӡ¥ѵЩ˶Ըԭ
룬˾ٵ岻Щ˹ԭҪǽԭʶһŽȥƱȻƿء
ü˵̫ˡ¥˵ĻԴҪѹҲѹƲסѵжҪǧһΪԭ˺ǶԵģ˵⻰ʱ룬³ˣ˶Ϊԭֻǧ֧ţõ˻ҵľأΪԭһѣҲġ
ʱüĳֱһвĳˡ
ƣ֮ǰ£̸֪òʱڽΪı䳤̬ȵ˵
ȻĳʱסҲ֮ǰǰء
õԼҪģһĨЦ⣬˵ҷ˵ôĻѵûע⵽һ𣿡
Լ̬ǣʮָӣޣҪЦʧ̬΢΢ͷ۾
ƼһĻҲвٸдǰ˫ǳɫֺõЦЦ¥˶ЩԭΪβѹһͷȥ벻һһԭ̽жѵֻһݾˣ
˵
ԭݵţҪݳԭţݶҵϲԭҵģ׵ĶӣȻĻжĹһԭжġ
ʱжԭһһǧӣôͲܷħ򣿵ȵԭħУʣµŻĸҸж
˵󣬸෢Ӳļ
Ķŵ˶µŮ˵Ҫ¶ʲôѵġ
ʼҪͳһʲôԣ
ֻҪҪġϲġҶ
ҲҪľֻҾȽϺá
ϾƾͻΣյħ㲻Żá˵һЩ룬ֻħԭû׼պжħһ𣬵ʱ˸ࡣ
ԣҪŻ¥ǿɲû¥ˡ
ԣڻ¥֮ǰȥԸɾ
á˵ذסļЦԽ޺ͷʣĳԸɾ
лҪ˵
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106 
볤ãֱϦ£ȻɫɫʷֽŴӳķ뿪ŵϲǺԵ⣬ص
һԵ¯ﲢδȼ㣬תķֻһˡĲȥǰһֻбϵһ
һģȫĶ
̫Ĺ⣬ݵݱů͵ɫʣһϬʹ˼续ĳ˼ͱ˵
վſڿ˰죬ûõʲôûȵݿڽԼ͹⿿Ųһֱݡ
Ķ󣬱ɫĲϰһС
ǲԼľٶһ£Ҷһ£˵ʲôҲʵ
ݲǸ򡱣ȴҲûȥ塣
ʱıֲƹǰ飬ɫ䵭岻Ͳڣƺô˿̵İؾ֮ǰġϷŪ
סݲͲȥ
ǼΪĵ£ȴǵȤһһߣڵȶԷȿ
ûãŹٰһЩ̲ס˽ȥ
߽ȥʱСҪݵ޿̧ɫµĶ׺ݵײݵϡ
ۼ⣬һ۾ͿһöСɰݵȡ
¶㵵ı飬ûСȣȻ˼˿ֵԼҪ䵭򶨣ֱӴݣһۡ
ʱֱۣһ
屻ȱĻ忿֮°͵ͷǷһ㣬˫ӳ뷱ǵ
ݻƣŶԷˤһСزǳɵͷͷ¿һʮϤָίС
۵ġСôɰͷĳȣԼǶ۵Сñȴˡ
֪ǰԷʲô
ļ˫ԲԲ۾ίؽŴ´ϣ£ȥˡ
ô⣿գգ۾̧ͷ˶ˣʾػ
ݺˡŵ۾ûֻ˵·ġ֮һֱţ㷽Ҫʲôˡ
Լģȴ˵˲Ļ
һ£ȵطЩҪ󣬼ܶϡ
ϵķߺίƬֱ̣˾Ⱦϲ
ֵʱͬٱ죬һ˫ԲԲ۾գ˼£һ߶壬һֺСַͷСָʱȭɿѰʲô
һۿʲôݣͷϴĶأ
ݣϡ
ƿݣһ£ոռ𼾻ñӣͱ϶һ
Сʦ塣üûע⵽һĻѹһ䣬ñӻ˼
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һƼñӴ˻վԭأ֪ôˣΪһ˴̼ģ
ԥ˵ֻתͷȥݣݣö˶˵ץʲô
ݱƿ˳һֱָ֧΢ֵͷ̬ɢĻŻץĲֻ׺ӡǰ׺ҲûбҪҪ
⻰ë̫࣬һӦΪҪץ׺ӣӦô˼仰˵
գʣץҪЮ׺ӣ
š
屻ֱ׳Ūʮɺ͸ƣԪɱɱƺҲܶݵƷй
ڣԣҲ䡭
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忴ͼϼسڵֽǿĴǣֻ岢δڿͼϿɰһֻ׺ӡ
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С޶֪ߵɽӽ£ɽĺӳӣµĵһԡĿǼ֮۵ߵɽʯΪڣΪ飬λίʵߵЩˡ
ʵ˸ƳĿǵɣ֮ԻڿͼϲĿһֱûпУһֱ
ݿͼϵļأĿ֮ȡӳǺı̺Ϊ۾ˮϣŵӰͳľֻ۾Ҳ̫ӽӣ˼ˣ˿Ԥ֪δȥĴ
֪ܹգĿҲٳ˵Լ֪
ǸԸйǣֻ֮ͨǰϦǿߡ
˭Ҫ֪գֻȥԸĴִѵΪֻֻ֣ĿԸ¼˱ܻĻҲ䵭ĸ߽ƷԣĿ˲˵ϲޣ۾ָԼĸӵҲΪ
ĿĸУΪľǧǰľ֦
˵ĿĿĹ£ֻԶط˵һϳ˾֦ĵӹֵ͵֪ĿӶ˭˿˵ʱ˵̶Ļ˵˵ʱĽӣ˵Ǿ˫۾̶͵һ˫۾̶ɱԵĻ
һ˵ȷʵпġֻô֪ģ
벻ͨȥݡ
ֻ˵ʶĿĵӣ˵ġ
һܽ͵ܹϳĿӵ¡˵ֲʼ룬ʶĿĵӣ˳򵥡
׼ʵʱССļȻһ£ŲԼĽŲƲֵߵȱߣŬͷſڵȻתͷԼСĿ֣һݵȡ
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Լ׽ŪԼ˵һп޵Ӳϲݺ
ɺ̫Сʹ˳̵ҲǰԼ˶ѡ
ݺεȴһüȻʲôҲ˵ֱ̧ס˼ͷĴָʳָһȻҪһ
Ҫ鼾ͷ
ʶһ
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֪ʱײᴥֱ˵ŪĸоҲ᲻˼档ݵżֶŵʱ뵽ˣݵŲһˡ
ûѼһԼλͬˣֻѶԷһϵĳ
ǰûʲôġ
ΪɱԪҲΪɱ˼
֮ûʲôìܣȻҲ뿴СһΪ˱ݶԼ֣֮ǰѼһһӢ
˼֣֡
ӢеСӵӢĻӢ˴ȥ
ӢߺüͷõƢԽԽˡ
𣿡Ӣߺϣʵ˵ֻǼϲ㣬ҲҾҪҪ㡣ԪҶɱãôɱô
⻰˵áá̲ס̾һ䣬ԭϲϲǴõӲӽ
һ˵ŷӦȷʵǸĺǿ˱ĿĽӽˡ
Щãʲôõıɱֻһˡ
˵ȻЩ档
սһЩݵ˵ҺȻмº㡣
㲻ϲ˲֮䣬˸ôꣿ
ҲҲ֪ʲô
֮ǰҲϲҲûԹֻ²ȥ֣űܿǣֻһԿš
ݵϾǰ뷨
˵䣬ͣòŵͲһˡľͬȲסֻţԾһµ̵ħ׺޹ǺãƵķȽϺá
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һ£ѵǡúͺܲõĲ𣿡
ԡ
м룬ôһ˵Ҳ㼵أȴ˸ô꣬ʵԸһ㰡
ôݣ˵䣬ֻЩݿظĴԣ֪ʲôֲһ䣺Ҳԣ⣬˳ۣҲΪͽһǵʦ˵ŸĵӣȺɽԺ
˵۾򶨵˵˵ʵ֮ǰȷʵûͽ
һȤܾҪԼ˵ЩԼ顣
Ȼݽ˵һԹǡ
ˣ
ֹˣһ¡ݵ˵𣿡
˼Ƭ̣˵û˵ҳµʱСܶ¶ǲˡ
һЩ䵭˵ǰЩҲ˵ʦκԿףһڸ˫ԽӸңǧǰΧɱԵļ֮һ
ҼΪֱϵ£֮Ϊ񲻻֣֮ҵ֧˶ɽϺӣѽӸҵͷøϵ֧˼˱ˣҵµ˼֮һҹﱻ˷ȫ¶ϣ֮޹Ѱ꣬ҲƬֻƶϳʲôʱ
ᵽ£ݵЩ꣬ĩʱ
ĩʱôˣ
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˵˽ԵŪ飬ϾӸҽûٵˣһǧ꣬ʱϲҲûʲôԼѰ֣֮㲻֮ˡ
Ҳʼ
ݵ¹ԣܴ⣬ԭ˵Ҳ˲ϧû鵽ʲôֱ
ݵͣһѾԤеݽҪ˵ĻܻüΪˡ
԰̲ס룬صԹڹȥǸҵĴڡٳС˵ӹʵ趨ǵΨһһйϵˡ
ڵԹôģȷʵһֵ˼顣
һǧǰΧɱԵʿ򵥡
ǸɱԣٵùѺεԿף˵Ǹ˲ֹƷû⣬ʵҲ޷ƥУԶսʮ˽ԣԼĺԹʲôǣ֪鲻Ըϰ˳Щܴڡ
С˵Թڸȥġ
˵Թǵû׼Ÿԡ
ϾϴθͱԹռ˻ꡭ
Ȼݽ˵յҵȷϵʱ򣬸常һվ常ʬ壬һұһһԵĵҳ˹Ҫɱҡ˼йϵҸܣҲûȥɱҵˡ
˵˶٣ˣⲹһ䣺ҪɱҵˣҲͲȥ
˵ͷ
ݽ˵ɱǵ˼˾ˣ޷ֻԭΪлҪͰȺɽԺڣȴǵԼٵɱҵ£Լ常ǲá
֮̽񺣣ûҵ쳣ĵطܵ˾ţȥ¼ǲȫ񺣲ȣҲʲôֻôȥʦ
棬һֱûݡ
˵Կ׵֮䶼ϵ
ҵΪףÿȥʱ򣬶ԭ
ǻ˵ֻڸճĺһԱԭƿǧ֮ɽϺӣðݵķա
Ϊˣԭһ۾ϳ˸ȷʵǸҵĺӡ֮ĹΪ֤ˣûɱˡ
ûкֱɱǼɱ˵Ŀܶڡ
Դȷһ¡
ȷʵйŹֵĵطҵ븵޹ء
˼١
޷ֻðȺɽԺ
ǿĸˣԹǣܴķȥݶܷȥ
Ҳݾȸ꣬Ҫɱ˿ݣΪԷѸΪӣ뿴ڰ˻ô
ֻ֪ҪѸУ˲ҪԹǣҪҪԭ
һܸϵǳԣǳΣ˳ŻС
ͳŶû뵽ɱ˸ҵˣ֮󣬶Էû˶
ôֻ꣬سһ¥
긵ʱķӦҲʮֻɣǸɱҵǲ
ֻĴ߶Լﵽ־ˣԶԼ½ƣ˲ð䣬˰ɱ˵ĿԺСʵƱ˵ѰʿҲ뷽跨ѰЩס˼ٰĿܡϾʿţҪݺʵǺ׵¡
ֻ˵£岻֪ôĺȻԼ;ӵĹϵʶһԼ
㱵ţࡣ
¥ơ
֪ȥ
ԭȫҪջжϵծҲû塣
ּͻȻֵլҲûҵĽ͡
ЩûŪ岻˵ֶԹǺ͸֮߳һ֮ʲô֪ЩҵĹϢһƺҪΪһƲ
ԤУЩҪ⣬Ҫһ⿪ȥûƹԣҲûƹΡˣΪҵɺܼ򵥡
Ԥδȥɱ˸˫׵ּ֣ҵլΪܹ⿪
ǽչ˳û׼Ҳܽ赥ĸԼϱĶʲôծ
⣬ҲȥָǶǴ䣬ܿų˵顣
鱻һƿųʱһϢܣݵĵһ仰ҲǶǡ
ȵĳҼҼŪȥˣᣡ̶ǸĶʲôӣС˵о̶ֱ޲㣬ÿվӶ˼ϴ
Ƿ߷߲ƽһͨʮ仰ݣʣµ߾䶼̶Լж಻ϲ̶ֵʮڼ仹С۾Ʋ壬֪ǸദӣָԼ˵˵
ʱֻЦݣûдǶԻ˼
Ȼ
һڡ
ѻһڡ
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ݲģҲѵĻᣬżɽľһ䣺Ŀͽܡ
ϵֱ׳ǣ
ƽ˵ͷнɫӡǣ۲ӦĿӡ
ؽţ˵ʲô
鲻ϴӦڵߺ޵ĿЦ˵֮ǰ˵׼һԲҹҿ⻰㲻
㡣
ȰʣҪҪˣ
ʮĵû


107 
⼾òΪ˼ЭõĲ鲻Ը˵ҲǲԣмҪ˵ܿյ۾ûˣҪܿΪףһֻһΣһһֻһΣұʮʱȥ
ʮ֪ģһһΣһһֻܿһεĻ岻֪Ǽ١
Ҳǻɣŵҳ˵ǰͷʲôԼ׼׼ҿɲܿ϶
ǼΪ˽Ե̰ûָֻһξͷŹԼȴŵŪڵ⣬ͷ˵顣
Щûһǰȥ˵˵˶ԷҲһš
õ˵ĻشתͷȥݣҪôʣҪ֪ɱ˸˭ǿ˭С
ĸȡһĽҪҵɱ͵ˣԭϷҲɢȥһЩ
ƺûʣ˵
˵ͷݵĻشתȥƵ飬ǧǰԵ¡
ǼΪʵǰ֪һ飬ҲЩѾȥȥʡҪǿЩǣݣǲȥϵĹ
ֻǡ֪ԵɣһֱôԸſȥԣʱв׼˵ĻǼ٣ֻ˿еĻ飬ݣЩ޳Ŀû˵ģ
ݺܿ춮ʲô
Եºᣬ̶Ǿߡ
䣿

һʱƬ̺ǵλʦүûʲô¡
һ˵һߴóɫĵҩݵ
ݱ΢ţẬסУĬĬĶȥʲô
Щ棬ҸԵʲô
Щûش⣬˵ĻЩܣҩԣʲô
屻̬ҭһ£۾һת˵ҲǱȶҩΣյĶ˵ְ߽ݵϣʳָһݵϷŪԷ
Сʦ塣
ţ
ҷιģû׼һЩɨصġ
˵仰ֱ⸩ݣϹżư飬ѹһͷΪ̫ͣڶװ׶Ҫ硣
СʦҲýšŪһα˵￴Сʦ󡣡
ȻתȥȴһԹŪݻתһվ
ݵֻоһӰžݵ۾ϡ
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Щζ֣ǲ۾ҩװ裡
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ʲô
ղӦס죬۾˵ɿ֡
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ܳɣԭжһϵˣ֮⣬ֻһԿԭ¥֪˾ٸԼ鷳Խ˵Խһƿǰӣŭ˵Ķ
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Ӷ̴ż㣬ŲȻĺΣ߱ԼĶڴӵ鰵ʾ顣
һ뵽ɽˣ̴ӵܺãŲűһƬˮأ̴ӷе㣬̧ͷˮмľʯ濴һڴˡ
ΪԶʯֺڣ˵ݲںڰ˿Сվ̴ڵλȥֻܿģӰԼһȦƬ·
һ׿ǳɫƬ·ӳˮ桢ʯϣһߡΧڴӣػУĻᡣ
̴Ӳ֪Ƭʲôٿأǲʱͻ仯λõƬǻŵĶܵһУƹӵߣÿһͷƤĽŸС
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˫ɫǳ۾˵±ȲҲˣӻʹƾʲô˼Ҷ
ģ˵̧һӣһ
㿴
ǰĻ㿴ı䡣
ذ׵ˣȡ֮ǿݻ塣
۾ް⣬Եؿ˪ݡ
ĸһĻŤһ²ӡ
ͬʱɽĸϵĺˮԽԽࡣ
̴оΧղԣȴв׼ôˡ
һ̣ŨصɱӾʯϴ̴ӾִٲתһȦҪҪʱ뿪
̴֪ӵĵǣԼ
ԭƽһʼӿ
ͻȻͷʹ
Ϸղ֪˳Ƶǳɫµĺˮûǲ壬һɫС
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ͷʹѵĸüͷְųʹͷͷһ֣ҪԼʲô
ʱһѽͻأĳУɫĹâɫѪ˳Žʣմ˰֣ҲסϵĻ
һĻһ£ܿѰƽ顣
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ͻȻ䣬һֹռķֻǿûãĮع۲оֵ飬־Щζ
ֱ۾뿴׶Էʲôʱ񺣷ӿԹһ͸
Ϥٴγ֡һذ״Ӻͱ࣬ݺݵת˼Ȧ
ʵ˵ۣ⼸վ顣
ԹĻӰɱΪϰˣɵͷȥԷʱö岻ԼԷ飬Ȼ־òôϰˡ
ʱ˵á
˵˭ɱСʦ壡
ԣһЩͬѰı仯
ͷ
˿̣ʬ޿䣬ذ׵ڽݵ顣
Ƭ̣Ըˣ侲˵Ȼôϲ͸һ·ˡ
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108 
뿪ǵǰҹꡣ
屻ˮĴֽѣһ˫۾ؿߣһŴһݵıӰѾϰô˴ڡ
·һǰԲһ𣬾ǳĶһ
ҲӦǾ޳
ʮԲжʮ죬ɲôݾͰѵͼ
һ磬жȥСʵ˵Ķҵˣнţֳ˲һ˳ĶС
жȨȻСʵ˼֪Сʵ۲ʵĵϢתͷ˸Сʵ¶
еʱ䣬뾩ǰһ죬ˡЩӵСʵۣڼûһ㷴ŭ
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ǿжҵͳѪͳҳ̫һ֮Ѫﲢأֻǰڳ˵Щ
볤ЩԸȴֲò˵ѪԵϵ㵱ųûһ˵һ䣺ùʦˣȷ׼ĺӣɱˡ
вϲҲöԼ˵ЩͲˣȷʵҵĹ⣬ֻˣ񣬺ߵŵʱϲ޽Գ
еǰµı
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Űǰлҵ߹žͻԳӰԴۻѪĸ߹֮
ʦһ˵Ķӱ˸һң˭ͷβҲʧȥԭ˵λʱûҲҵӦһ
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һ۾ŮһűϡӲˣǻš


109 
治ˡ
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벻ͨ󾸻ʹΪβһطֲһŮˡ
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Ů˴ӻ˯Щûʲô𣬲ۼҲǿһ֮˳һ䣺ǻˣ
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籵Ĵƭ籣˵籵˫ΪʵףƼ䣬˲ڿ࣬һͬ籣籵Уһˡ
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ȻһתΪͻȻ˲ˣĲأû˼ѰֻܷһڻʳǣҪСġˣҼǵóѰսȨɣ
˵˾ǣȻ˵УӵİΣʲôҪϲŭǲȷȥʳǵңǱҪڳѰһ֡
˵ʱһҧžʹȡԼݸ籣һ˵ҵΪ䲻ѾĳҶѰҵĻþɳеһó˳ѰӰӣҴصʳǣӷڳѰ޹ǻʹб֣ͻųԻԷѰҲܿ鵲һ¡
˵Դ˿ȡתΪԼʱõ˶ԣԼΪͷû飬ͨ졣
ǷԼŰǡ
ܲж
飬һܼˡ޵ʱ˷ŶҪȥԵĶĵʮìܡ
ʱ㷽ȥˣ
˵ǣ˵ǰվ߶㣬˵̫ãһҪѵҲ֪ѵû㣿˵˵ţЦˣ㵹ǵһڻʳǣ˼ƣһֱҪЩĶ㲻֪һ֧ǽãҲǶǺ޷ȥ鵤һ֧ҲûùӵİΣϵ£һЩҲ⡣ˣʲô𣿡
籶˶٣˶֮ǰĶֿ˿ͳ飬ԥǳʵ˵ˡ
⺢ӡҡҡͷ֣ҿǲĶԴߡ
˵ãó˺ɰ˹ȥֻԼ˪ӡֻ֣֪ʲôû
ӡһֽΪӵʩµӡаߵеǱеǺˡ籲öẦԼ˿еĻ
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ЩԥֻΪ˵һҷ뿪˲
ͬ뿪˭û
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ɫ̫ûƬѵĺѵòһ㲢ҹ
𼱻ǵس类صʳǵʱҲˡ
ʣĵһˡ
飬ĴһȦû޹ҵǣȥ̣ڴһЦָϳĵط
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ǼˣЦرģ˵ҡҡҽ߹µġºҲ֪һһĵԾ籣Ҫ֪ڵʱôߵģô˵ģôû̫ĳ//ġ
ڴģͷŰշһУſžЦˣЦЦžͿˡ
ǼˣʮֽŵشӸλȥôˡ
籰ѽշ϶˵Ȼó飬֣ص͵˰ǵϡ
ʵʱ籲֪Ƿ֮ĺǿҲ˵ۻʵķ֮Ķ
Ϊ֪ԼѹεһʮֽСֻҪǻʳǱµĶߣͲá
ϾϡŹֵķ̫࣬˭Ҳܿ϶Щû޷̽ıƣΪ˼ǻʳǱµĳʳߣҲ˹飬ȷһʧ֮Żǰ
籺۾Լֻ׾дѪ飬֪˶ԣǵںޱǿĸʱ˵Ե籡
󣬰籵ˮ飬˵ǰ㣬޵
ҹһΣеڿĿİͰ͵˵Ȣһ籵ˡ
еúܺá
гѰǶĚһ֧аǣҲֻ֪Ҫаǣܸ뿪ȥ
컹ûȴӦϳʱ
˰룬ȴǰͣ½Ųת籵޹
ʱҲڴû/Щź벹ϡ
ͷϱȻŷʱ򣬰ƿţѵذʳǲΪǲΪʳס˹ϵΣ
˲ЦʱЩˣرʱָЩ˵ۻʸеϡ
࣬ʵ
ǰôˣ
Ǻã㣬֪ŹҺѶΪǚһ֧ѡĵۻʡ֮Ҷ飬ҿҵҰҲΪǚһ֧ѡĻʵ𣿡
˵غˡ
˰ǵ˼
һŮǻΪ߻صúȴǲһǺߣȴڰ֮ʮ˵Ȼǡ
㣬ǳԲһ֧ʹ㣬ȴΪϲ㡣
ֱ׳˵仰Ǻ뿴ǻôش
һֱŵڴ˿̹Цݣѩڡ
¶һɵЦ˵ĻѵûпĿİͰ͡
ʱô˵ЩǲˣȻعʱѾд˷ͻ˲
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ܿ죬յţӦˡ
Ҫһ飬ΪӾûҪһꡣ
˵Ų嵽ҹ䣬һֲ۵ĸоȻܾ
ĻϲغͰǵȴų׵졣
ʱŻ̴Ӹ籴һԲľƣ˵ǲ͸ǵġ
ɫװţһԻϲͼıӣǵϲ
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պ籺Ȼúû񣬰˹ҲûʲôֻΪ̫һЩ
ͬʱڰ޹еɫâ
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ھǰǸѾǱˡ
֪Լԡ
ֵĻ
ĶվһǿˣԼϴָʾ÷Ҫ֪Լ⣬Ҳȥ˵ȥΣֻܱԭһ档
ⲻԷԼʩµĽԼֻʹ֪Լвȴ޷εĺлجա
Ҫñֳ쳣ÿնֵЦţֻҲ֪ԼЦʲô
һŬ
Ҫ/ףо˷Լĳģ飬һֱԼľߡ
ڼ䣬λµ֦ص˻ʳǣڻʵǰ˵ʲô
籾֦ڿ佱ǡȻ֦ߺ󣬰ҹһСƣЦɵһ
˵˵ֳˡ
Ҳˡ
ڵҹһΣλ֦ǿģ籾֦ܿüһǲб
εˣʮֲ⣬ôͳ˱ˣ
ﲻ°ҹʱŻ˯˹ȥ
˯֮ε˶㣬˴һƣԻһɰɰװŶ顣
籣棬̾˿
˵ʲôɶҲкʹһˡ˵˻ֻܱ˵ؿ籣մѪָһ仰Ρ
ȻдȴͻȻķ˺Ƭ
籿һĻȻѣʱ濪ʼꡣ
ȣɻһ룬˯ɣһҪҪһ㣡
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֪ʵĹ£һΪԽթ˽ѵӴֻ˵ֻῴ෴飬ǲģֻ˵ĻɱΣЩĻֻɿ佱Ľ۾ٵ뱾෴顣
󱳵ĺëȫһ˲ΪҪĸ֣һ˲µĸָ˭
ʶףҪȥҪֻʵܳʳǣɲôŬЩԺ﷭ȥת˼飬ʵʵԭأһһöµͬ᲻ɴݵĳǽסʵ뷨Լж
ֱ˿̣ڷӦһ£µĽơ
ҧһʹԺｻ֡Ų˻Լ֣µɲš
ֵ֪˭Ҳ֪ԷĿģΪԵĺӵһ޷ӵеһУԪȺһ⣬ûκβõĵط
ֵܶıȻһţҲᾭӴ
Լ籱۾Ǽһᣬȴûпޡ
ŶµĻһȦУƣҪӵпֱٵУֱ޿̵þȫڽƣָҲҪѽƵĻʱµӡ˶
һг֣ĶͷһӼ˽ȥ
ǳɫ˲һѵʶԺ
һЩŤĻŹ֣һͬ籵񺣡
⣬Ƕļ䡣
Źֻܿŭ˹Ŷ˵һ֧ĺЩʲô˵̯֣ĵı֦ԶɽһЩ
ǸˣűǺ޵˼㣬;þڵĻҲÚһ֧ĳƺֽУʳЩ˶ʧķ˲ɣԶͷǲأΪûмʱѹյľٶ
㿴ĵıЩȣȥ֮Ͳȥϴ֪ȥ͵񱴿ǡ
ʴ㲻Ұζһ˿õԤС
˵һֱһ顣
㲻ԣֻһ˫ƯĽɫ۾
˵ǰǱ˵뺣ȥط⣬ɴ˵ƺ³ֵħ֣һֱΪж̲ص̰ǹۣΪ˲Щħ˷˳ûԚһ֧֣ȥǾͷˣһֱҲû뿪ʳƽҲһֱȥһǶĿ淢ʲôǶ֪òʱʮֱ
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㣺ЩʱҪСһЩȲҪݾߣԽˣ½ϵȥЩʲôְأ룬ҪһͣҲܼռͷλá
ǿɲС
Ȼıδʱˮ߳Цһ
ʱ֪ЩˮԭǵĶ
һ̣Ͷͬʱһۣó˸Եķ
״һѺӣǸȰı飬źĴ㿴͸¶żթ졣
Ǹֱӣֱ֣㼰ʱǷ˵ʲôҲ֪ˣҵҪ㣬ʲô˼˵꣬˦һеĳشĲþ͸һ˼
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˵㿴ҡһԼֻöġ
Ͷüͷ
ˣˡ˵˸Ϊ㣬ĸΪ壬һѪԵʣ˲þãлĲǧ꣬һǧʱȥѾһǧ꣬һǰҾͷЩģʱҾ룬Ҫôһԭòôܻóһ㣬ٳһ㣿
˵˹Ĺ⡣ͨˣֻҪҰηųˡ


111 
ᵽųοԼϲ˿ڴĹ⡣
û䣬ǸȰģ
⸱Ȱı̰۾α˷С
Ϊңѵǲƶǲ㲻úǰЩһֱ룬ս֧صײһ˵ʲô˺Լαװüѣŵ˵ڰûΪ˵㲻ʲôɶԷǿȴѴǲֱ仯ʮֿЦ𣿡
ĺƾ㡣
ң뵱λڵʱǲǶô⣡ʱڣĺ֮иǽΧŚתѰ֦ʲôƾʲôƽƽٿսħƶ𣬱˫λŴžͽçڵĻԻ׳ûˡ
ЦǱʱ޹˼ɣֿʼǣ룬ƣƣҲڴ򲻹ʱźޣһͷײŪ˴ˣ
ᵱʱӣħֱƹֻԹﶷǼʱĽӵеһС
˵գ֪뵽ʲôֵϧѽʮӶʮǿҲѹסˡҸ˵סڵʱǹоʮĽʱסĵطֻʮļɽݣݣݣˮۣɽ鲻ԣûصɲһ
ιװģ̾ϢһЩ⡣
ûϸ˵ǴŲ֪֧صһѷѺۣ˾ͻ
Ҫ˵Ҳڶʢʱ㣬ĵذԼָ㣬ο붷תƣܿƣرײסˮϾҪвסԼ㣬ǲӿƣغһͬȥ¡
жҪһ֧ʣЩȻ񣬳һʧԾǹ˼ɵŴȥƼ䣬´һҪص
βһεջ۵ѻҲڿۻаУҲںû屾˼߳ҲΪ֮ڣѹ
㣬ǰﶼѺǿħҪǱƼ䣬ҪǱԽֽҲòһΪ£ɵħȡϡɡյˣȻŲ³ľˮǵıȫȲúçڵħԳǣֻһ֣Զ˵ֻҪԲԣƭԶɽϾûе֣˭ҲֹҷųΣ
ף˵һһ
λֻҪܸ³ưԣҾҪΪӾǱǿ㿴ǣһľԴǻңҲǚһ֧Ǵ󣬿˸λӵӵеõһУǣ
˵Щϻʲôã㲻ֱ˵̰ģֻҪεһǸ̲סģĵĴô˵϶£
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ҪųΣǚһ֧ĳ¼ҾҪһҡ
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ңܲ裬һΣȻ󲻵ֹԼֱὣء
ŴɫĺβЩź˵ôƯβ˻ϧˡʱһ˳޵ĺòŵպһˣվһҲ䣬㲻ʶ̧٣Ҳá
˵´λԶǧ֮Σ͸˴ͷ֮߶ĺҲжǶĺӾͲ¡
޳ܣԴҪЮ㣬˵类ҪİţǰһϷ
˵գѴʬ崦һط类ƭ籡
֪˵ǰ۵ĴڡٹãЩֵֹ˾ͻᱻȥ
ҪЮҪǰϷҲ˵Ҫһ塭
˼ˣҧҧһʱ벻ԼôȽϺá
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䷿Ѿˡ
ڽȥɱҲŵףƽ˴ίɺȴ޵ʱ䶼ûС
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˵µˣһǼ̳֮Ѫԡ
㻹ǵ˵ԲǱϧˡ
Ǳƺڳñᵽϧñ֮Ůļٺˮ֮λˣȻԼصϣλְǡ
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籿Ѿ޵۾ˡ
ͻСĺһ۾ȴʲôֻ֪߸˵ڻʳУż޸ǵսҪʲôѡ
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籲˲ᣬµı˪ʱü䣬֦۾ϡ
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¶㵵ı飬ԷЦЦʮ׽ʺãжûˣ𣿡
˵һģЦЦ˵㣬Ŷûҵĳˡ
Ҳ˭ġ

籰㿴δĺôε
㿴ңʱʲô𣿡
籰Ӧøл㣬СʵǸģĽĿɱ̫ǿˡǽ֣һһнĺӡ
Ŭ˿˚ǱڣнӴࡣ
籵ļ۴Ц˵ʲô
籺һ˫۾
˿ܶһȥһ
״װģҡҡͷʮʹġ
ŶԷƯʧǾ壺㵽׶ʲô
ǿɹˣ½ģʼѰһϸߣһ֤Լġΰ󡱡
ɱ˚ȫ壬ҪųΣƲˣܿʱŽµ췣ӳ֦ǣСʵ۽أҲ֣Ϊˣ˰֦Խǰ˼ӵİΣԽ֦죬˰֦ȥԶɽ֦ıȨ֦һߣСʵ۵̾һʱСʵۻǲҵģұ뵽㡣
˴Сʵ۵һ޺ġСʵ飬ദʱˣ⡣˵ʱ˹һ籵ģҲɲԣû뵽Сʵۻҵļơ
µҲ˵ʵùҵĻûãСʵֽŵԼ޹ҲڷĻþתˡҵĻ˵Ļ¡£Ƿġ
Сʵڻþɱ»¾ǻ¡ж¾ж񶾣ЩĻĶҲͣǲǺõһΣ
˵ԼĴ
ͷʲôֱӶɱ˳ѰʲôȫԲԼְֻҪųѰ/ȻͻܲóѰ˹ɱѰʱףɱҲңЩѰİա°ж٣֪ɱ˚ӻףҲбѰı/ǵ˹ɱɱһһףҲˡ
Ŷˣ˵Ӧøм㣬㣬Сʵ۲½ģ㣬ҵδش죻㣬Сʵ۲ܺİ컵£մôĿѣҪ㣬Ѱûϲ㣬Ҳ˳ƵСʵۡ
˵²ڼʮѾͷȥģĿľҪњһ֧λҿٹ£ǾܹݣʱֱϾӳ¼ҡ㣬ʵʵСʵȢ㣬ʲôǿ
˵գһ䣬ȡ籶ͷı˪ȴ˪һ¡
˵һɺޡΪ˪ȡ޷ûþƭ籣ֻܶ˽ƣҪ籼֪࣬Ҳ޷԰˵塢д£ҪѵԹߡ
һ̳ױˡ
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շСʵۣҪɱҲɱͷϡ
籼޸СʵۣСʵϿ˵ĻʳŮˣպʳǻֻҪڣסŵ󵼽ų¼һˣ¡
Ųߣ֦ԽҲպˣԴ˶Խѣ֦֣˲Զɽ
Ϊ˴ﵽԼĿģʲô㵽ˡ籶µı˪
籵Ķ˱˪Ҳǲɿơֻޱ˲ƿأҪѾȥŮһ籲ù
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¥֦籵ɴ۾
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¥֦ر𣬽ʱʳУߴ߶ЩССıͻۼ˵ڱ֦Ȼ֦ԽԽ࣬ԽԽʮĥˡ
籱ɫÿģڼ˵˵ﻰһֱĺã㣬ǱƣѰĻþһѰ֮ǰô뵱Ҳ뵽ԼеŬϣĳѰ֮ԻߵһΪ㣡
㣬Ѱ䵽أ㣬Ҳ㣬Ѱδض˵˵ȥЩ²ùңӦùԼ
⼸仰ͬһݺݵ籵ϡ
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ܿ죬һĻĻָ볰ЦƵҲȥǵȥڵ˵Ļ롣
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ҵǽϣͷɢԵڣûյĹʣǸɿ˵Ļ
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İǲ֪˼˵ĵĻòش𣬲ʧ˵һǵ˵뿴ݵɽˮݵĻ˵˺ܶ˵ĵطЩûȥֺȥĵطЦһ£ҲЩڴЩطǶûȥҲûεĻȥһۡ
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仰һϵЦ˲ʧˣʱڴﳩĻ档
ʵһǲаǣгѰ籣ȴԲ籡
ǶŸԵʹǲӱܣҲܡ
ױǰԼͷϴϴ԰㲵һԷŵķȴҲûһۡ
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ͷһȣкϣʹһʱû˵
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۰
˿ڣʲôҲ۾ֱ治ǰ컹ǺҹҲѪɫʲô
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Ҫʰǣ۾ʲôҲ֪˫۾ӳķ羰ʲô
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뵽㣬۾ڵȥֵָܻ
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Щ籵ͣ˺ܾãǵǡ
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ʱæſŴȥӰȻԼͿŵشţȥ涼ʲô
Ƿͷĵϣ滹ѹһֻ
Ҳǿǵ۾µĻľʵģǿµģ籿õ涼дʲô
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籿ɬ뺰ֵĳ嶯ָǿµ֣ŰԼ˵СĵһдԼ֡
򵥣һಢ֡Ѱǡ
򵥣һಢ֡籡籡
籵ա
û
Ѱǰǵ
Ҳᡣ
ńϮƺǶεΨһ;
ǺպעʷʯϣԶԶ̧ͷ

뿪֮籲ðǶĶ⣬ó˻ùе˽Լʺ󣬲߹˴ȥ˵籼޸˳Ѱ
ךڵãһӰ죬ŻẰҵɱЩѾˡ
Ƚ˻ʺӡù˴Լȥ˵ƫȻҵµĺۼȴ֪µʲôҪԵȰǻȥʰǡ
ŰµĻ飬ֱ
¹ȥڻʳʲôϢҲղҪ˸ţֿĿƣһֱ
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ˣ˭ڰǻôˣ˵˵ļס
뷨Ųգ̫أʲô֪ˡ
ܰȥʱΧɱ
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ֻʱ岢֪Ϊΰǵ籵Ҫϡ
ѲɡǸӦǧе
лҪ˵
籣롣


112 
벻μλ̲סȥ֮ǰļͥΪ˭ģͥΪԣǸüͥͽˣ
籵ļλǰǷǸĶˣ˵ΪֵģǼͥǷӦͷϣǲΪûֱӶɱЩˣԺΧȴûֱӲϣ

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ûжԲκˣͱ񺦵óˡǣźںС·ϵŮӣԼѰڵڵӰƺŲһĹ⡣
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סֻͻȻֵ֣˳ֵֻǣһƬ׹֮У׹ʢ̵̲סۣڱĿ֮ʱ˴ӻģҰһƬɫ½ϿЩŭ۾
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Ӣһš
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˴һŵĺ£С߽һҾ
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ݿź˱ڼ׵߹ʱůԽɽʹѩ壬˲ĻĮ
ƬĮʲôûУֻһ޴ĹǴ̴棬ΧΧ༴ɿҲʮӴĿ֦
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λ˰Ѻڼ׷һԣԼŹǴ̺һ
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Ҳò㣬Ƕƭġ˿ĮԽԽڿԸһ£ŵĲݣ˫ɽĽԪ̣Ҷ˽պҲܿҵת㣬ҺˣҲǲԸⱻҲϵġ
Ҽ˵ĻҲҼסֻһԸԿ±Ӵ·Ǹһߣˣ
ҷģ±Ҫϲ㣬ȥϲϲȡ裬Ҿ׷չ֮࣡׻ʲôƨոɾ
ҷģ塢عסΨϰҵĻᣡ
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Ҽǰת˼Ȧһ˫۾ضԶҪ͸ȥһۣɿſڵϼӣȻһڳ䵹һ࣬һӡ

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˿ûͣѹȴû罻
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Դûκıֻ֣ɡȴڷ
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˿̼ɫãΪǱ߳˴ЩûҪЮݣŵˡ
ĳҲţ˲ðҲʲôݣųֱ˵ȥˣ
ʲôȥˣ֪˵ʲô
ȥݣȥˣȴɵ˽Ϸȥˣ
⻰һһŵظһ飺ȥˣôϵȥǽǱµģ֮˵ǻ֮󣬲ʲôݵλʿܿţվ֮ϣôģ
˿ڿˮ˵⻰ʱ󱳺ⲻϣӲǼļƤ
˵ҲôġŲ˿ֱ۾ȴݵǶĿ룬ΪʲôݿԼ뵽ˡֻϚѪԡ
ܣҡҡͷŵطµڵ˚дȷϹһ֧û˻ţ֦ˣ˚Ӹܻкˣ
⻰˵꣬ʮֻţ۾̲סת˼Σס˳ֱۣҪԴסԼ壬ԼվһЩ
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뵽ͷ֮ʩһСȷϣͷǱ߿ŰͷԼá
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˽⣬ȴü˵ͲùĶӻ𣿡
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Цݰ죬һԲҲŭеֵĸоʼҪϾ顣
һҪҳݿе˭öԷݵλݺݵسЦĸ롣
ȻתӱָŬػһһǧǰ幫Щ
ϸ룬ʱ򱡻һѾƶꡣСᣬϳ幫϶ǵʱڷġһֻһȽϷλ幫ݡ
뵽ˣͷȻᶯˡ


113 ϳ
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ݵһӣþûжɫ˭
ŵش𣬵ȴɵˣվԭòһԼ
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ǻᱻƭˣҲûΪƭԼֻڵ̧֮ѹź«Դ鴫һЩ⡣
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취ͣ£һ«һݵ
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岻˵ﲻĸоԽԽǿ
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˵ʲôûעˣר־ؿģͬʱҲˣݴ˿˵ЩѪǾ˼ǵ顣
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Ҫǰ뷨ȥ˵Һ˼ͥ˰籣û׼ǱԻҪˣЩǵĴѾתͶ̥ûҪȥһЩԹҲΪЩǹϵܴ󡣡
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˯֮ǰǽ֦һһӰӣʶҹҲûлͷĿԡ

彫ԼһţڴһԲ
۾ף˿ңϵΪƹΪ˿̵̬ԵʮֿɰЦ
ݵܺã֮ǰԵĻҲ˵Լŵĵ䣬ֻǳԱ˵ʨӣ࣬ʱһϵıӣҪȥ
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룬ǺпڴҵĻ磨ʱգСֻĳЩضʱֻ֣ĳЩãֵôֻ࣬ܿլ˵֮һڽܣ˵լϵСɽĴڡ
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ǴԽǧǰլԽǧʲôͬҿԸʵʶһģǴԽǸΨһĲͬǰߵʩǴһǧǰǹȥģһǧ͹ȥģߵĲʩһһǧǰһһǧһǧ˶׼һǧǰ¡
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ҵ˵һѣ˵Ķԭ岻£Ȼȥָ
Уʩˣ֪ܲԼµķǲǱƭˣ


114 
⻰һ̵æ˱ŵֱۡ
һ߰ŷȵֱۣһģɼˣڵ˵󷴲ŵ飺ƭҵġ
ڿѾ֮ǰһˡΪǱԼףһЩĹۣŹͬܣһӪ׽ƶץ֣˵ҪǲԣҲ˵ˣլŪģûҪԡ
ΪǾ䱻ƭŵ˿Դɡ
鿴ҲԼȴˣҲеġҼǵʦ˵תЩᱣǰͼ䣬ֻתͶ岻ǰ壬˻޷֧壬Ӷѳͬҡʦ˵Щ˷֮󻹻£Щ򲻻ᣬδƭ㣬Ҳˡ
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ȷʵһʮһЩκ֣ʱܾԼʮһº룬ԷһɴԴйʮһºܿͻᱻȥ
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˵Ҳ̫ԼǰԲŻԲԼĽǶȥԼҲпܵġ
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ƽסϣС¶ʦֳ棬ֻǷʦͣϲסʦ۾ҼյҪ꿪ʼʦ֣Ϊ˴ܻ֮
Ӿ꣬ڷϵ۳Ѱǻ֮ǰһΣε˚һ֧Ⱦ죬εи֦˷ųΡҿʮֻţⳡдϣ͵ʦֵǰʦֿ򣬾þû˵һֻҴ²ҪţȻȥԽ𡣶̶Ǻѣ̶ңҳüչҳȥȾƣཻãһΪǸֱˣҲûҾ¶ǣôˣƺͿҡҡͷȴ֮˳ȥ¾ͱ֪ˡһ磬ұεȥʦҡҡͷ˵˾㰡ȻͺˣҾͱ˵¡
ǲ벻ͨΪʲô᷸Ͼǵľ֮ﱾ˵ģ֪ʲôɣ˵ʱҲ֪ԼʲôΪ˭ںңŬȴôҲȥȷ췣
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ңƭҵ۾Լɾ˹һҳˣұȥԭ˷ǣû۾ʧһȥΣѲҪĹײ¿ˮҾû壬Ҳˣǰȥʦĵطһۣʦҵţ˵λᱻųҪȥֹεˣƴ㣬˺ܶβֹܹεָҵ˿ʯеļ
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еһԿɵİۣһͷɢţܸһ͵ζ޳ָϸĵƸˣһ紵ݻɫֽ˳ŷؽԼƵ˰ɫɴ֮ϣʶá
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Ǻڰе˲δȥȥãغСʦʱһסֱۣܾذԼߣѹȥ
ܵ˾ţԵеֽƴݵͷϡʱͷ¹֣¹ݵӰ˺ڰ¶ݺһ
ݲǼ룬̰адϣβ̧Ӿ˻ǵĹȣپµĽʵ
ߣֻǣͲʲô
屻ץסļ΢΢ĺڷ޴صɴ˫Ư۾̵Ľëʱ£ܵŵèȥƯÿ
Сʦ塣
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ĸߴͣмλãڷٲһк£޳ָסϸȣץȵָʮ˼ƤĺۼһۺۡȲǿıǵסϰֻһССԴԵ
ݵĻ롣
ﱻѹƵֲѵĿо
Ļһ¡
Ŷ滭ͷбݵԼϵ¶
Уָƶ
ѹԵĶ鹹ԼӰݵĳĬʲô˼
ԭηĿݵʱλСʦ˲еĻ롣
ݾһֻ֪ΪĶǣʮֵĶӣһ߱޺۾һ¶˽̬ı飬ƾųԼ
ݾƿ壬ʱ۾ͷԼĺˮ䣬ʱӵĽߣȥԷĿ
ãһʼӲľûöãȻ侲ȴڻӰһ߿Żеһ̧ͷʵڵʱסˡ
˫Σյ۾ϣϵԽԽأԽԽǿ
ĿԵһ̣һֱѹƵηб˿ڿˮڽΣաԼõӰѹһԼ滺Ľǰĳ
ݶһۣԽǲεĻӰ塣еʱҲˣֻԲģ壬ͬ巽ڵʵԼҲٵԼҡ
ܲûеҵĵڰɫϣһ½µ̨ף⸱治ˣִŲ֪ŭȥûãֿһ档
ߵһĵطһɫˮ


115 
ϾţҪ
忴ӿһֵĸо
ļȥȴڽĻ˲ԵһĻ
ǿϾеʱܻ֣ݵ񣬲ݵĶ븵Ļϵ˵һЩõ顣
ʿɻĲ
Щݵһ˿ѺۣѺﴫЩãȻ
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ҪҲϲҡ
ȻϾҲݵ
һ𡣡
Ҳϲ㡣
Щݶ˺ܾãǴһ˵ݸ˵ͬĻ֮ûãһ
ֻҪңҾͻһл룬϶һ𡣡
ʱܵգ콻棬һҪ߻ħĸо
ȻһҹĿеڱ£üһ
ħס
ħǰħħޡ
֪Ը⣬ݱͲа֣֮ЩԭŲһֱû·ˣ㲻·ҲǺʦĻԼûԼӦʲôħҲø֡
Խ¿ԽţʱʶݵϾǴõġ
ȥ
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˲ԾĵطȴǱιƻһ³ķܡ
᲻ȥ˵£ÿ뵽ҲᱻһߣӶĮĶԴ⡣
Ͼÿһ뵽ʱ򶼻˸
ѹݷһ
忴֪ݱϾס˶ãֺµη壬ԼǿҲᱻϾǱĬӰ죬᲻ָԼϵ⡣
νݵ񺣣ϵ˭ҲֲˡҪݵ񺣣벻취ڡʿ嶮ö࣬ȴû޷εӰ졣
Ҳ˭ϲ̤Լ񺣣̽ԼĽ䣬е˺ܴҲû㵽ݻ
뵽ﲻӿһӺ⡣
βٿĵȷʵֲ
һ²õӰӣΪĵ޷֪˭Ҳ֪ϵ˳ʲô仯ܵյֻǱ֪ڣȴ޷ָ⡣
һҲһ顣
ϾݴģϾˣϵͳǲҲϾĹ
ͬݵĶܻħһϵͳǲϾڵļ䣬򵥵ơ
ϸ룬Ͼݼ򵥡
ݺһݵĺܿգյֻϾԾֲƿصݵͼ֮һնϡ
ݲһԽǰļ̫鴩ϵͳ£ֻҪ֪¾Ϳһϵͳ򵥵ƭס
˵ϲԸû׼̰ͨԴ
˶̰һЩԼҪĶûܻҵļ϶ǱǼɵεԭ
ñ˵ҪҪջݻĸݣջѽڼ˽ƣʶȴ⣬ʶȴ˵⡣
֪䣬˶˱βٿصӣûôֹġϵͳĲ˶㡣
ѵ˵֮ǰЩԼʱʱõԭΪԸɹθݵĽ
ܵõʲôҪʲô
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£һ˲䣬ľͰһӰԼݵϲûܵӰ죬ʲôʱеεУΪݵպʲô
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ŶͬǱסģ˼䡣
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ʱǰɶˣƺڸȥɡԥһ£ƿţû뵽źӰ
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ݷģ˵ЩһЩ£۵ʦʦңҾȻ֮ҾһֱӦαʦʦҪʲôʦħˣҲʲôӦʲô
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˵ݣ¥鵽ԿһһѼٵԿףߵʱһ㣬żٵȥ¥ʲôҶᴫŸ㡣Уǻ¥Щ갲еİż£±ʦǣʦ˼򵥣֪࣬Ҳ¶һЩ˵ܲ
ƺȰһ䡣
ҡҡͷ˵Ѿû·ˣ¥֪εĴʱǾʹ˱֮Уֻû£ô껹û˭βԭһСвԭұߣȥʲô֡
պԭε±ãȻ֪ԭƵҵͷϣԴ²٣ʱһɽ֮ɱ֮Щǻ¥ĹƣҲǿıʱ˻˶κ棬а֮ѹǣֱɱĲ֮ˣƵħ򹴽֮ϣȥһЩ²λ֮ˡ¥թ᲻¶ʳһֱڰһֱš
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ⶼУܲܳɹ˵
Ҷˡݵͷԥһ²ʣ²ֲܸ׵ĺӡ
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ԭʲô֪
ԭʲôֻ֪
ԽľֱٽĵطȻֿһţȴһȺɫţź𺳵ղ͡
紵ССԺӣéݷˮߣʪءΧڷܱߵǼªľΧŰɫǣţһŴֲµСڵϣ˫ĿʧϴŷɽѪؿéݷķ
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ϵŭʧɵһ͸һ㶵ؿŶһĻװһĻô£ȴһĻǸ˫ױɱա
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˫ַųΣԭĶͲһ飬顣
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Ϊڱԭ
벻ͨ벻ܵ˾ţһҡͷһͷҲص뿪Ҫ㿪̵һĻܶǸݵĶУǺݲڷסüֻ³ĺ
ŴһƬҵ˺ܾą̃ܵ׶㣬ɲ˶ֿʲôûпŪǣլйصļ䣬ֻݵĶʼɣֻݾȥ˭Ҫһִ
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֪ͨ˺ܶ顣
޶֪ݲ֪ͬˣ޽ˣúõĻţԸΪħҲˡ
һһݣһֱʸҲΪʲôˣŪΪʲôլݵļֻһɱ˸˫׵Ļ档ԼӦǲ֪Լɱ˸˫׵ˣ֪£ݵ˽⣬ݲԼ
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̫˽ˣԼһеĲܸ忴ȴΪ˫׵¶Ը
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뵽ͣ˽ŲץһͷΧһĹ¼ţҵҲԼӦߡ
ʱ˲һ졣ãȻػع񣬿˸ղСԺӵĺݡ
ԭ̨ڲ֪䶼Ѿ٣ŽĺԽ˱䶯̨ףܿǰ
ݵ񺣼ŲͬݲͬԸ͹񺣲ûйԣÿͬ붼ͬΣգ߼ˡ
ֻǲ֪ǲƣ֮һЩʵûݵĿͼ˺
ɺʣǰвܿƵĻӰݲصҲܿƵһ档
ڵӣ岻Լ̸ĵġ
ɱʱɻڳƺֱײ֮ĵһӦ
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˵ݴӦԼ񺣺ݾ˿ܻ˳˯׼
ûһֱ֪ԼãҲǷȥˡ
µ֮ǰûִֹֻҪףףֲŵ飬ֲõ飬ֻܹԼ
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һ׮׮һľʵ˼ңΪ˱ԺһĸоݻԵĸʱȥӦôݣҲȥӦԴ
ӱվǽ취;׻ҪŪϵ⡣
ʵ飺ε˽𣿡
̫˽⣬˽ӶһЩʦ𡣡
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鶮ˡ
Σǧǰųκ󣬰δӾƵԭԼ̶ƭ˵飬ҲվκӪ
鲻̶ı޳ܣҲ̶ֹܷԺΪ˼ʵѡ񲻱ҲǿǵԷΪһ£̶ܰδӾԭܰη϶һЩ֮ͽͽſ϶֪һЩ˲֪顣
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Ҳ취Уֻ̫Ϊԭһ֡
һ磬߳ҪȥԭӢԼ߻ԼҪųԼ
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˵꣬תϾɵţȴŲһֵ졣
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ãûȵʹ˫ƽ޲ĵϿһɫĺɰ
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籶籵ģȴת
֮ǰԼ˽籺ͰǵһȣԼûȥ롭
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һֺãһı飬дŵСĲȴʮֿ
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ފҩԼ̶̵ֱ۾ңǱԼ廹ҶԴϣǴһĲñԲԲ۾СشފފɹõĲҩװŲСȣ̵ȥ
ճފܾãһβСˤˣһصĲҩΪފŮǽ
ފһ
ފһЩȻչʱһӡʱһֱފֱ֡
ފСβͣ˸Сβ͡
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Ҫ۾Ϣȴڸһǿ۾
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һ𣬸ܵһɻؿ
ûнֻͣǹִضŶԷ۾ƽڸʱ򣬰סָŪƬơ
󣬸Ӱһ̣شɢˡ
ʧȥֱĽ£ƺЩӦڷУ߸֮ôشފġ
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ȷʵϲ
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˵ֻǵıһҪŸҪ£һҪСʦ壬Ҫ۸ʵСʦı۸һ
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ٴμԷʱǵıʵĲࡣ
δԸҲ֪ԶԷʱҲ벻ȽϺáֻЩ˼ûߣڸǿ׳ֱۣӲǰСС϶ʱˡ
˶ĸ飬Լеĵ壬ǶĮӶԷαװУĵػͷעŶԷ˺Է
ƣĬʮβߣ¸򲻹Է
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ֱ۵ĸ˫βƯ۾ڵϣԶĻĵأ㶵ӾǱһĻɵˡ
ʱӰ޴ĹǴ̣Լħ򶼲ˡ
ĪطԴתˣԼֻħš
룬˶ôˣֻʲô
뵽£촽һ
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ŮĽ˸ǣȻһ£ǰȥΪ̫Ϊ˲ˣʹûܻħˡ
߸ܳ岽ѿǰȥǲᶯССϹ˼Ȧ
Ű˱ˡ
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ȻⶫΪʲôߣ
Խ˵Խޣ۾ѹƲסˮģֱǰҰһ
һ뵽ڷӣ;úܣܾԭҲ̫ˣ޺޵Ķ֮࣬ܶΪʲôô
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Ƽӣ̲סüͷʣУΣΪβųң
ԼҲס˵˵ˣǶԸεˣ㱩¶̫磬βĴڣպ󲻺á
ûпЩе˵ΪʲôҪΣΪλûţɱξΪ˾ˣҲˣΪβܾ㣬ҪؿǰȥѵΪʶѵΪ֪ı˶һЩʧȥ˱ȵȨͲܱ֮ˣһʣ˭˳ȥҪȥȣһʲô£
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˵ȷʵܶԡ
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ȸŮǸ䵭ģ
ʱͬôһ⣬һһڻңЩڻòȥһĿɰ
תͷηӭżͥĿ⣬˵Ǿĵҩͳԣӡ
ʱѾǿסˣȻ޷漾ֱⵤҩǼ١
Ѿûѡˣֻһҧҩ
ҩڣָ˾񣬱ʯѹٵҲ
ȸŮڶǽУ˫۾ͷϡ

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崭һ֪ܰȹĵҩԲѰ̲סǰһ䣺ΪʲôôõĶ
ȸŮܲµԭ򣬿ȴʮ⡣
Ҳ㣬ǿǵҿ϶㡣ȸŮҲƭ˵¥ǡ¥Էһ䷿ԷֻסһңһʣµǸǸġÿЦ㲻˵ĻҲø㣬Ǵа㵱ɵܵܿȷʵûȡ
ȸŮ˵仰۾
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ũ֮УŲɾı죬εɱԼĸһĻ
Ļ֮ǰ޲ֻͬεα֮ǰγһЩεɱ֮󻹻ͷȻһһ
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еĳµѪѪڵϣһߣߵһͷУһͷĽ¡Ŀĸżϣ˫۾֪ǲǴɣص·ΪβԼ
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ʱ˵һ䣺˭üǰģ
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Ҳüţôġ
ͨ
һ̱رͣǰȻڷӣûã⸱һ˵ˮеӰص
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Χ˶ڻţ˵˶ٶ£˵Ӧãֻ֪ǸǿлȴǰΨһһ⡭
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̧֣סϵĹ⣬ڶߴߴզզЦ۾ʱһʮŮӱӣżС˵ʲô
Ͳ󣬴úƾɣƺĸףҪԸϳЩ
赹ǰŮԺιʮȴ᲻óһõĸ˵ǰŭһ߶߶˵ջҪǣܲҵҲҪǮףеǲҪˡ
ǵĻ̻Ҳ븵Զ̻
ʱӻǺѣԭһ
ũеĺӿˣָŸؽ˼
ũͷһæ˲֣û°ɣ
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˳ףҵĺЩũȥһ˫ηֺ۾
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ŶֽӲͣ£ԼʲôûУ˼Ҳڵһʱл
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вûвԸ
ĸŮ޷ģ˻ûã͸
˵뿪ˣת˵ܵܣһ˵Ц
Ůũû˵κƯɴݶůͨļůŸġ
һũᣬһѼĿǰԵء
벻뿪ħж屻ʯѹס˫ȣԽء
֪ʲôĴ߶£˳Σһ߽Լ֣һ߿Ǯӵ·ˣ۾ڶԷã˽սƬ̣һԲ뿪˳У˺ôһΡ
ǵԴտյʱʶǳĺӣҪЩֵǮĶˡ
뵽ԼõΣԼϵḷ̌ޱؽ·£˺ܾã۾ȵ÷ۡ

ʱ򣬿һֻ޴ĽԼǰСĵʮɰ
һְֻɻ̧ͷƼ˱˵ļ
˵˵ʱʱСҲû뵽ʱôסڻҵʱʲô¶пܷ
۾ΪͻȻ߰˺ܶ飬ʱ
ɻһҪȥȻƶ߻û׼ȿ˼ֵĶ
һδĹ
βϰĹǼܣͷţǣͷɫţǡ
Ӽĺ󷽳֣׷żһ㣬忴Լһβһ˦ס˼Ĳӡ
ûлţֻԼĻû̧֣͸оԼǱɵˮһӴǰԼβ˲䱻Էˡ


118 ƿ
ţͷĹûӦʱ䣬գۼ͵˼
һʱ˫ϥһǰȥ޴ʧȥ֧ţޱСָ֮ǰĴС
ŵҲΪֱȥ
ˡ
û뵽ܿôΣգȴҪ
۾ǰһ̣ݷȺɽԺϾһ£׹ǰȻðһ·֣һеİɫĢƣߣؽӰɣסǸţͷβĹ￴Ŀ⡣
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һϹʱϾ˵˿ڴ
صĵط˵
Ҫˡ
Է壬ʱʱͣǹⲻ˷ֱ
ûлػ˵ͣƬ̡ϤĵŮʧѾõϵͳޱϲ˵Ҫˡ
ԸϵͳŪġ
ԷЦһ㿴ݵ񺣣ѵʶӦö˵ʲô˵ҵ£ϾֵĻᣬҽĻᣬҲϵ˸ڣϵͳƭ㣿
֪˵⣬ӦΪ¸е⡣
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ܺܶ࣬ܲࡣ
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ﲻСʦʲô
ƺĻЩЦЦһӦһʣСʦҪʲô
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ȻȥڵƺȻʺġ֪׷Ķʲô𣿡е˵çڽ󣬴ڵǰǰ껹ڵħҪٵʬӻԼħѡط˭ǸȢޣĶߵĴǱԵľ֮һȷµǸСܴù٣Ҫ֪ٵԪɢȥʬҲ̲żħ޲Ǩ
û뵽ġ
شһӰӰ壬˵򲻹Ƕ㻳СҲܴһ㣬Բ֮УΨһܹ˾ңҺò׵õԸˣҲῴԣԸɡֻҪ㳼ңҾͻһԸ
һԸ
գգ۾и䶯һ£ֱѹǣ֪ڳЦΣڳЦԼ³ȥ
Ѽʵ䲻⣬ڵƿΪϾԵʣݰһ䲻֪ͨԼ֪ͨ£вʲôܡ
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ڼ࿴ǣΣʱ֡ʱ棬Ŀǳŵ鷳˵ѾܹӦ֮ͷԼı¡
˵ηӡɶȵҪࡣ
˵֣ε˵ʱ룬ǲͨĽӴܳǲˣйҲµĽӴˣͻʧˣ
֪ʲô˵û㣬ҶġҴԶ뿪ֻ飬ǸСסңûˣסҵļûˣǰ·ֻʣһ糼ңΪҿԸ˳찲ȵӣҪΥңҳһҪ
ûбŵ˵¶˼ر飬Ҫ˸㽻ڽĹܵõʲô
֡εԽ䣬ԽܰŪ࣬ԽǿԽ֡
ֱףƫҪѡֻһѣӦΣʲô顣
Ϊ˵֪ʲô𣿡
εҲ֡
˵ˡ
˵ôݵҲҪ𣿡
СʦʲôΪҪԼϵıвԼ˵
ҵϾһ˲㣬ݡһ˺ҪʲôҪӺҾ͸ӱһʲôϵͳƭ㡣
ԣ
㲢ǵһԸˣԸݡϾݵǣ֣ˣݶԸҪӺҪϲϲ֣ͰǵԸǣһҪ㰮˼ͨҴ㣬İݣݾͻԪת㣬ӲŻתǱ˹ߣҪˣҺݵĽ׾ҪֹˡҪˣҵĽҲ˫Լһ⿪һһͻܵɡʧҲûϵ𣿡
ޱز۾һ֪Ӧǰ룬˵Ըεĸˡ
ʲô˼
˼֮ǰݵİǼٵģ
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֮ǰǵˣ廹ǽܲ±ö
ݵİΪ˱ƶʱӿһ޷˵֪ųʮֿЦҲ˵һ䣺˵ѡֻ롢Сʦң˵㲻ĳӸòйϵɣ
ܴԼ̬ȳϴֵĺ࣬һɾĵ·
ȴʱЦ֮ǰͲµˣΪֲҳˣѵҪȷʵ˭𣿡
˵ЦԽſʡʡɣκ㶼ûУûʲôϲˣ
𾪵ı飬ѹ˵һ¡
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γѹǣ˵ǣֺαһԸĸңΪһߣ
һʱô飬Ҫȴ˵ҪˣԸ𣿡
Ը
Ӱӡ
ħջĵʱ򾭳òͬĽڣħջ֮ħ˻ḶʲôۣħԼõʲô˭Ҳ޷϶ġ
Ը

ǲڱġ
Ͷ񴿴롣
αűԸһϲԸԭ
˿Ըһţͷ⣬ֻ߽ε壬º󸶳Ĵۿܱﻹء
ڴ˿ޱĸܵΪߵıҲһ
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Ϊˣ죬ΪεĻ˿磬Ҳûпȥε˼
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ȣ֪˵һ̣ϳһɫӰӣƺЩֶԪ
ָ˺һ̣ǹֶĶȻࡣ
ǵɫԪ񣬿ϵӰţͷסˡ
ΪԼᱻԷ˺ʱȴ˶洫ģҵ
Ҷ
ҵ
˭
ƣر۾ٴ˺ڰ֮С

ԭۼ˲ٵʿҪε¡
ǧӵѶԭһԭ۹£˵׼֪һտ϶򵥵˵һԼĲã˽ɽ£סЩҪҵΣҪԭħ˵ʿ
ԭɽµСӿһĻ̾޳һǰ˭뵽ԭ䵽˺ĵز
£ħħ޲֪򣬳һ߻ԭ뵽ипǧصķУǰ׵˵˼䣬Ȱ˶Է
Ȼһ˾ҪȥһǼ٣˵ʲô
ֵʱʦµһӹվһ࣬ԭɽĲ·ڴ˹ȥ
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ץסᣬµһԭɽ塣
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κνҵĻ룺˵ˣѺεĵطˮΣб˪ûоʯ㣬ǴŪϾ˭ûи£õ˸ôڵĶһ벻𣿡
ԴϬͲ崭ϢĿУУ˵ˣιԹУԣܿͨԼʬһҲ֪Ѻεľλãȴҵεԭ򣬾ǾʯҲԼȥģԵ걻̶ɱ϶ԹЩ£ҲҪֻ˽ӴӳεԿףǾΪһ˽һ


120 ʵ
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ֿǷƲƲ죬˵ԣûʲôÿģһϲ˼Һʦܵĳ
˵꣬㺰ǰߣָǰ˵̶Ĺײǰһͭףף̶֪Ūġǻ˻꣬澵Ӷֻǰ꣬˻ꡣ˼ǵ㾭澵ʱᱻճĻǻھǰӰӳ֡ϴʲôôŵĹԹߣҲճֻҪǱھӵĹԹߣھ
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˿ݣݵӰȴûгھֻŲڵĿڽſЦʵݡ
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ǹֶǴٻﳤĹ
ڼ׷ǵţͷβˡ
ԭǹֶͻȻʧˣһֱڸϵˣԼܴ˼ݣֶæ
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Ŀؿ壬˲ߡ
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ʱˮϷĹ˼ҪͿؽһˮ


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߿˵ϲĵ׵̰Դ˳ԷԷԷ
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˫ȻЦЦȴûе۵ףֻһƤЦⲻЦо


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ʱ֦ڹҪƷᣬϢһһϻؾУŽŹ˵촳˻ʹֱڻʺǰ˹ˡ
ִˣȥ˻ʵߣҪϷŹ֦ʵǺͿϧãֻǰŻʺ󲻺
ʵΪʱһֱ֦Խˡ


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׷ݴȺ֦ͣƫ֦˵Сѣҹ棬Ǹеš
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֮ǰȥɽȣڸ֦˲赹ˮ


123 
һǵƯգ۽üҽǷ飬һ˫һܻӭ⣬ܿ˭ƺģ
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ҵĲԸס˵ĻȴǼǵúΡ˵Ҫ𶯺ѵˣҲδΪѵĺӡ
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126 
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һ֦ȻˣΪңȴûҵԶɽȡΪǸòԶɽš
ԶɽƤӵ¶Զɽֵ˼ڡﲼø񵲵ˣֻпڰţ󣬱ùŹʦ
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ΣɱǳѰֻǳѰѾǵǸ˼ĺñˡ
Ӧ˵ԴӳѰͿʼ֦ϵ֦ɱһ㡣
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һֱĬ֦ʱ԰ݵҵĺڷӵţȻԵмãȻ
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ػ֮󣬾Ӱʧˡ
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ΪΪԸԶɽȥʦǸҾҳȥ治ãһԶɽô꣬һҵĻ᣿Ϊʲôǲǲܣ

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˺ܶˣΨһǵĻóѰ߶˽ţ˻ʳ֮⡣
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ĵϷڿԽˡ
ǰΧ˾ǡ
Ŀ׼ˣ֪ôţû뵽鷢ˡŲδתǰǷ˽ȥ
񿴲ʲô·
ǰеġ׼ƻ¡
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Ǹһ£ɱ˵Ǹˣڻʹ֮һӡ
ⷬʰŪɵˡ
ԭĴȻϡ
Ѱצ˻ʹ֮У޿ˡ
Žʼץˣץˣȥɱʣµˡ
һ֧ԽԽࡣ
˻ʹеĶʮֲֿ
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̫ˡ
㶵ؿһĻþûл
ΪѰιᣬʹ֮м˽ƣʳǣ޷νûΣûĹһԼεĲã˱ӦסȥɱѰ
֮ǰζ˵ŲѰſ˾Ҫס׻ΪͻȻֵ⣬Щˡ
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ķΪɱӽʣף
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ʹоۼ׶ԶӵˣҲûбҪѾ֮
Ծ
ȥֹ˱ĽǲʵģΨһľȥҳѰ
Ѱ
Ѱһ˼֦˼
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ƵڳѰųѰ
뵽ȥ̫޹ɵ˵˵ʱ̫Ĺ̫Ĺ餡
ĴҲˣ˾ɱ˾ͿһɱһߺųѰ֣ǸӱȷӺò˶١
ǱϷˣȴûӦ
ˣͷͣץ˵Ľȥһצӣʹĸ侲һЩ
֮Щģ̷ΣΪԵһ򲻹
㣬ˡһΪŭǵϺ죬ͷ𣬸뿳ӴܵĹ˾뵽һˡ
Ƭ̺űѪɫǵĳǺǵЦȻѰ类𣿡
ͷĽƺͣƬ̡
֮У֦ˮ¾涯ĳѰ˶٣ͷһ۱Լ泯ǽڵ֦ԥ׻վ
֣ҿҪһˡЦңҲңһ۾ˣҵȥˡ
˵֦ˣһҪ¡һ֦ŵĵӵ¡
Ŀ֦üĿչǳһ磬ûѰĻ
Ѱ֪ڸʲôҲˡ
˶˲İλģʲǿʱҲ׻šǳѰ̫̫ãѰҲڱˣҲ˵ʲôûš
񿴵Ѱֵһ̣ԼؿڱͳˣԼ˵˳Ѱϣһ˳Ѱؿϣָ˵ʲô
ѰһѪǴЦ˵ҚҲˣ䱻ɱˣ类ɱˡ
һǾһ£ַ֮ܿӦ
˵֪ȥ֦϶֦˵ʲô϶֦֦أô֮Ͳˣ֦أ
֪
ŭһŲͷϣò죬Ǳߡ
ûãһֱæŲæԽ׵Ľڣѹ״ʹûȥ籡Ǻ籵ģڲǼ籵ʱ
֪ȥþһа취ȥ籵ĹǰŭɹˡҲǸ֮С
ĵһ죬һ飬׵ĺۼʹȷʵ쳣Ҳû֦Ӱ
֮ǰ¿ˡ
ŽɣּڳѰصϣһ
Ѱˣھܵѹƣ޷ϵκܹˡ
һ㱩žʣһ֧أ֮ǰѡµأ
Цţǰ췢˵ˡ˵֮ɫȻˡ
ŪԭҪȥôˣ֦ڷ
ˣҲ㣬Ͼֻߵһڼм̸ĵģ
䣬һ紵ڵ䣬
ʹ֮Уµĵطÿط㣬ֻұߵǸ
˵ãҪܣȴԼ벻ˡЩŵ⿴ȥֻ׵ĵطһֱƵĹλóĚһ֧Ĺꡣ
Щ°棬ȻǱ˼Ϊĵ
ԼĹΪ󣬷סʹǻҲĴКӵĻ
ʱһλ˵֦
ҲейͳĹ£Ȼһ¡
ɫ
֦ģΡ
ښûǰ˼ΣΪûֻа䣬Աץס㣬ס㣬Ҳǰ״ûа취
ھһ˵һȷʵ
˭֪ûʵġ̰а˱ԴҲ򲻵ʲô
ښӳֺ󣬱Ժ͚ӳסˡҾ룬ΪʲôӲ־ס㣬ӳͱסˣĲǚûʱûȻ͹زס㣬ӳֺȻܹˡ˵ģ𣿡
е¶𾪵ı飬֦ʲô˼γһ֦˵Ĳ١
Ȼ֦˵
ģ
һ£ֳиֵܣˣȴ˲һûмһ£˶˵Ƶ壬ŻᱻԷˡΪʲô£ǲƵһŰֽȾɫ׽ղͬħ֮ǲܹסŻᱻŻΚ˫˫γĻӵ˵úֻǹ֮ˣǲܳûйסˣ
˵ˡ
ҧ߱ѹԵŭ
֦Ҳ֪࣬ķӦȥԼĶԲԡ
У壬ȴ޷ǲ岢ʺ㣿ǰڵʱʲôʲô˶У㳤õЩ˵壬ǲ޷Щ˼ǲʺֻКӵ壿Ի˳Ѱ֮һˣɱĶĻģĶ̰жġסҵĸףƺ⣬ѡߵĚ׶˼ġǲ룬Ǳ֮˸ÿƣ
ǱǵһҲܿƵ嵱
ڱԲˣܹ˾㶼ˡûж֣Ͳ㡣
˼ĚףֻҪһܿƽţʱ˭ûа취֮󣬾޵ˣԲԣ
Ͳ֪Щ£û˵ʵһֱΪɱʹ֮󣬻ɱКӵ˸Լû뵽ྐྵˡ
α˼һʲô˼أȻˣô
Ҳ𣿡
֦һһ߶ŶԷȻĳˡ
һѪд˷ĵĺڼףɢֽأй˵ɱ衣
񿴵һ𣬺Ǹ緢֦ӡ
ƺа·ӣϵħأ˫Σյɱ⣬ˡ
Σ˿̵а
ӭεĿ⣬ƽ˵ţû£㲻õģһӻʹеĵų
ô˵۾ûоÿġ
΢⣬һһٵֻһҵ󣬾Ҹ׼ġ
棬ˡ
赭дؾԼһ
ʱΡ
Ҳ֪ǲģԼĚ׾ļۿһҵǽһѹ£ֻҪ䲻ǾͻԶԶĳڵ¡
׺͚ѹεĴڡ
ܾǰ׻ΣѺΡ
ǰ߹·
ҲҪһˡ
ôȴǲסƽ
ƺûԼóԶԶܿʲô£֣ʶԷԷӵˣ𣿡
Ρˡ˵ˡ
û뵽ģԼΪҲҪ
֦ɱ񣬰ʱΨһڵľϴ뿪ˮûתͷȥһۡ
ϵıû
ɴ۾ضǱǡΪǱǻˣʳָΣȻ˦ΣٲŶȥûʲô
ƶ϶ˣ
Ųˮʱ򣬿ľҵǰֻ¶űǵӡ
ǸеɵеɰΪɵѹסϵɱûоú¡
Ǵνӵ֦֮Ͱ͵ˮ֪ŵҪǸӵҵߺ󣬶ĺһ
ظ󣬳üؽˮ˼µ׼Ҳ֪ΪʲôֳҪڴ֮ǰ͵
̫ҵˣµҵҲҶޡ
Ϊ̫ˣΪˮûΪˮ̫䣬յһڷҲûԽȥ
Ͱ˶λˮͷڰʱһЩ棬һЩ
ԣһ˶ڴϰરવᡣ
ˣţɻؿſڣһ뵽ֻҵԼӽˣɪɪǰ
ҵŵĺ£֣üͷһ壬ƺܲ˵˵ҼġóһĴ㣬ⶫȣԸšȻβͣȥ˺ˡȻɵذǰһš
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Ȼ£Ϊţ˹
֮ˡ
ʵɱض˺ܾãת˳ȥȥˡ
ʱĵ˵㻹Ӱ
һ֣˵ϣˡ
֪ʱԾ
̫ͷ˸ۣ˵ҲóԶҲãϴȥ
ʱ򳹵ױˣͿźţҺ¡
ǰɣⶫҲ£
ҵĿŵˣ͵Բ۾ؼˡ
ʱû꣬˻õ˵ϣƫӲ˵ûŪá
۾ˣòһӣóӲһ£Ȼֿˣ⻹أ
÷
ҵܲˣŭˡ
Ƭ̺ڲˣķʱһ졣
˶ｿ˵û̴һ£ҪǸֳдţ˰д
ίʵʲôҲû
ȻƬ̣˵͹ʱ֦ûʲô
룬˵ͷӻóһţ˼˵ſޣˡ
ƺҪ𣬿ɿ۾òѻѹȥȻܻ˷УùؿڣСشһ
һֶûУֻһССĸɻ
ҵһͷˮǻûָ׸ǴĻ
ʵ͸֦ı֦ġ
֪ǲ֦ˣûκӰӳ֡
ţЩ꣬ź;Ʊһſǻ᲻
ʱεۻûá
ⳤЩҪȥӡ
Ǵ֮ˣÿζ
ˮ֦ãˣȴûк¡


130 
ˡ
ȻθĻףҲֲסֺ֦
֦תͶ̥ĻᣬһƻɢĻǡҲ˻׵ĸѺ۵ĻûɢȥǱ׾룬ʱȻͦ˶ãҲûǿ
ǰ֦ڶԸΡץ֦εļ϶뿪˻ʹ
֦ĚӻεġΣӵ޷Ϊκ˴ˣҲ񡣼֦֪лףȻҲעⲻܳʹ
ǺԼ֦ɱҡ
ʿ֮ס
ʥˡ
뱡ЩԨԴ䲻ǺçڵǿߣŹϵ˱˾ˣܹԵָ㣬Ҳбµıӻ
겻С岻ã̫£Ͳô֮񡣲㽻Ȩˣ֮Ҳ˵һߡǰ֮ûвֳѰ£Ϊ˽ӵԡټƻãƭ½ȥ
߻װӣϱĳ֮˭Ҳỳ
Ҳܾ
ʱ̶Ҳڡ
̶Ȼɢޣб£ԸҲãѲ٣֮ǲ˺ܶ꣬ȴĪ֮
ҪʧˣҲ˲ö˵һ䣺֦ΣϾֹƿϾҪε˵ˡ
ݺ˵Ļû˵꣬Ҳˡ
һ͵վۿԼǰɢϰ£֦ôݵ֣Ҳ˵Ļʵ
ʵ˵ȷʵЩᡣ
֪֦Ҳ֪ԡ
֪ǿεˣʱ֦ɱ񣬷ųΣ˲ᡣ֦棬Ҳ֦ˣ϶Щԥ
Ļ̶üսȭͷ£Щˡ
ʣ̶л˵
̶һ£һ˵ʶϵĵ飬Ŀĵӣǰ˵һԣ˵һ֧£֦ųΡǰҲܵģҿԽˣûٶ롣
һֱû˵£ֱˣ֦ɱַΣˡ
ΪԤԳˡ
һʱ²ˡ
˵Ļĳɣ̶ĻǰʣµˡϾȷʵˣ֦Խ𣬽һֱûԶɽûκζ
û׼û׼֦ԼǻݣӴΣԶɽˣ
û׼ֻ֦۷
룬֦ҵãҵ֦ʱȹ֦ҵʲôˣǳôͷ˵ˣ
ħôύ
û׼֦ǶģŻҵύǶ֦ƭˣ
ˣ
µֿԣæ̶ȥټ벻ǣȥϾ֪ˡ
á
̶ˡ
ãмŵĹӳãһ㣬
аʱҪˡ
ʹ¹Σ֮ûаڼֻгֵܵʬ塣
ʬΪڣûиñΣȴҲʮֲֿ
ιؽ֦֮£ɸ
ԺͲ̫ܿĻˡ
ϰķ˿ŰĵۣĶѹϣԶԶ
Լܸ֣Լ֮˵ϵ飬ʲôΣ˵ϻе⡢ơˡڵµɬʹ࣬ҲΪ˼϶˿ӡ
Ϊ˲⣬ҪԼſգԼĹȥֻΪ̫ˣɹĸ׵εˡԼԼݶЩҲǲڵġ
룬δĻͽһˡ
ȵչ޹֮ɿԿա־߾߱ɴһ硣ղҲپսĿãһϳһв֮֮˳֡
ͺˡ
һжġ
ԼˣֻԽԽǺڿҪ֮ǰЩƮǰһ˲䰮޵Ļ涼ˣֻʣҵԼԶɽ
زȥԶɽˡ
ţһԶɽʬ塣
ԶɽλУûˡ
ʵѾʼ밢ˣʱۼʱ뵽Ѿȥ˫ףͻƣҪԽ涼ʲô
ԶɽɽҵģֻԼ£Ҳ˰¡
Ҳȥˮˡ
Ȼ֪Ӧãһ˹صʱ˱߷סıǡ
ʵ֪ⱴʲô˼ˡ
ҵ˼ʲôܺò¡
ֻڻ̫ˣҵͨͨⱴûʲô˼ˡ
ʵȥˮǴΣȷʵҵдһţֲ֪Щʲô
˵Լûѻ˵˵Լ߷ʲôѹдȥͰо;пĻֽ˹ȥ
⣬·ϿõһĻ
ݲ֪˳Ѥؿš
ֻЩ̫СˣúץţҪ˳ָˡ
ѰЩֽ߷ʲôÿʲôҲдֻھѰߵʱЩˡ
ȻѾҪģԷ˵Щǲ̵Ļˡҵһ̫ˣֻй»ž̫ɱˡ
ҵ˼ܵûҵȥʲôҲûöԷңβ˵Ĺû׼ȥ͵ˡ
ҵϾ볣˲ͬ޷һֱһԶļ˾ͺˣûǣңɿˮúõĻš
ͨ£ǰţһԶɽһˮŵ½
ҵˡ
˶ϵҲ˶ˡ
ΪξʲôλãҲһձ˷ų˭ûߡĻף˭ҲҲ
Լ˵ȥ⿪ⱴ¶ˡ
ǷŲⱻסı
ܺãֻϧʹֻнζҪ֮󣬵³ʪ϶
ͷĹ⣬ҲΪĴڡ

ڣֻǲϲ˭ϲš
ƣر۾ʱ֮ˡ
ΪѰãˣ񺦚ӵûȷʵ֤ǵУЩҪѰ˵Լ˳׷ǰĻһˡ
ֻһ֪֦Աлɵ̬ȡֱǽϾϾȷʵ֦ˣ֦Ҳûжﲻ˹ġȵ˻ʹѭźۼ˹ȥȷʵҵае֦
֦һħɱأ۾ҲѪȵĺɫ
һӲҲˡ
ȷʵ֦ϡ
ȥû˵ѡ
ʲôҲ˲ˣ֪ܷΣֱӳȥһ£ȴ֦ɵˡ
֦㵵̧ͷĲǴˡεѣղµƺҪˡ
Σ˵ʲôûš㿪Ƶһ̣ϵıеĽն˺ߡ
ںصʱҵľ֦ΪҪѹڵΣҪסϵԹ䲻һؿڵĻ档
ȻһֱˮɵЦ˱
֦˺ܶࡣ
ڵĵһͷȻعʱѾ뿪ˮһϾ
ԸԸ֪Ǹӵˡ
ΪݰεƬûһֱ¶塣
Ϊ˲հԼı壬̬֡·ֵ̬öˣԼһ㡣
ڽЩȫˡ
˲ʲôÿÿ֪׳ɵúܿ죬ֱӳɢǰİƣһ·ѹϾŵţûŪԼ֦Ĺϵ֦ôȥ
ʱɿ֦Χ˺ܶˡͷһ֦ɣײõĹϡ
һ˲䣬ﲻŭƵҵ۾ҵҧһҧİӡ
˱ԥһħְ֦϶֦аҪˡ
ʱе˶νˣͬһ뷨ܷǻȥ
̶վһԣҵʱ򣬿ҵϵƬȱ˲١
ǿǰµģۼף˭ҲɱҵûǸɱҵı£ͰƴȫҲֻƿҵϵƬ
ҵδĽȡȥǽֹҵƵٶȣʵǰ
ǰЩҵһˡȻ֪㣬ֻҪһ˭ҲԽɱ֦
֦֦֦̲ס֦֣˵֦ߣ֦ˣ;ñһһµţһʱ̲סżΪ޵ᣬһᣬһץ֦ţ㶼֪űѵ֪ɿһ㲻ֻ֪Ҫ˵һ䣬Ҿͻ𣿡
Ǳ޵ġ
Ҳˡ
֦ɣΪˣкѹ־־ɥȴʻʱ˵
Ҳñץˡ
˵
ҲϲˮҪӡ
ҵûѹôһ˵ˡֺ֮ܺޣһ˫Ŷ۾ΧһȦסЩ˵
Ϊ֪Լʵ統һʱ뵽ĲսǴ֦ܡ
Ҫ֦ȥҽޣȥκ֦ϵˡΧ˶ûǰҪ֦Ǳ㲻ˣʼΧɱǡ
̶֪˴δûʲôüǰʱȥһϣ˵˵飬ӵӹһֻ۾ҵ
Ͼҵ˭Ҳ֦
̶ȥ֮ҵ֦ɱΧΪʿ˲ˡ
֦˵أ׷㡣
ǲ֪֦аҪΪµһҹ֮䴫õǡ
ҵ֦˵Ҫȥҽޡ
Ҫκ֦
֦Ҫκ͸ĺһҽޡɵǵλȴһѹ˵
֦ǹĽ飬䲻֪ôϵ;Ҫɱ㣬ģҪҾ㣬Ҳģ߰ɣҾ͵û
֦˶١
֦˵ʲôҵһҧ֦ˡ
ȥﶼ׷ǣҪɱǡһ˲䣬˶ݲ֦ţ֦ҵȻֻһ
ҵǿ岻һ֦屾кܶ⣬ôصˣһֱҪѹΣܿʧȥʶ޷شҵˡ
ҵ𽥸õ˿ڣȻֺԼǸҽޡ
ҽޣ϶κ֦ġ
֦ˣҲܳ׷ǣ嶯ش֦ܵ˳Ĵ
һ˲䣬Χ˶ڼУĴӴܣʲôˮޡ
ڻҵȺб治򣬲ֻʵ˺ܾãץһ
룬ҽҲУֻҪܾȾ֦У
΢룬ץס˶ԷѶԷ˳⡣Ϊ֪Լҽ¶ԷʹʲôСֶκ֦вԷֻ㶵ؿŶԷƽһιȥ
򱡻ԣ٣˾ô˱ԼҪϣڶԷ±΢˵ţҽģȾ
˵⻰ʱ˳ű䣬˫۾ɵôģȴ֪ǲʻǺ¡
Ǵȴ˵ҽģȴΪη壬һ֮˽µİա
˵꣬ҵɽһԾ£ҵϣ
ҵãȻضɽǿᲱɵһ̱һԣֻ޴ؽ֦ڻУȻܵһ⡣
Ҫȣȴ֪˭ȣ뵽˱ԣԼ۾
籡˵һξӲ˭ϵġ
ҪԵҪų
ҵûа취ҧ֦Զɽܡ
񲻸һӣֻĿ̫ڿб˷£ֻ˵̬֦ŬԶɽ
ʵ԰ţһ¹󣬰ǶͲˡ
֪£µǾȲ֦
Ϊ̫ˣ֧赹֮ε֦
֦ģһ
ҵһᣬȻʼڡ
´£ǲǾͲ֦ǲǾͻ˳
ôʱͷٴθеˡ
ʱϤĻǰ
㵵ؿҰƮĻڿ˱ԡ
һ̣ʲôʲô涼˲ˡ
ſԣǱغţ游游Ⱦ
ȴͷƽ˵㶼Ȳˣܾ
ҵ˵ܾǵģֻ㡣
ҵãȻؿ򲻵˼
˵ǲǵãŮΪλ⵽񣿡
ǵá
ǶˣǸӦûĲҳӵĺӣ㡣Ϊ㣬㲻Ӱ죬֮󣬻ߣڵ㻯еת㻯֮㶮𣿡
ҵڸ͹˲ʲôԴΪ֦úңֻ˵ôܻһǲǾܾ֦ˣǲǾɱЩ֦ˣ
˵е֦֦ʧȥѪɫŶԷϵ˿ڣŭɶ˵ɶ񣡡㱻֦ðΣû˹֦Щƾʲô֦
֮ǰţ˲˿̿ԣˣ㿪ʼţһ֮ҪΪյΪۣҪɱϵˣҪ֮أ
⻰˵Ц
Ũصɱⲻ١
Կȴҡҡͷ̾˿ҵ񻯲ġ
ΪΣǲʲôȱʲô㵹ǱӸҰ
ҵҸˣͲĽˡ游˵Ļ¼游ڸˣҲ޷⣬򲻵벻ͨһġ
㻯㻯е١˵ҵʹ֦ΪλԼŪôҵ֦ۻ࣬û֦ΪβҪۻʣҪԶɽҲҪվط
û֦ʱ֪㲢࣬ҪΪʲô֦ɵ֪Σգ֦֪ԼԶɽܻȥ
㿴֦Ϊˣ֦ĵ֦Ľ٣Ȼͽˡ
ĳָԷ
游ܸľǡϲ֦
ϲĻһҵֲȥϡ
ҵſ죬û˵Ļ
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131 
֪Լ֦ǸˣԳ嶯ŭıԼķŭŭ˵ˡ
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ڱ˷ĻУ֦ҧƴȫѳһֻһƤֱۣױնһ̣һץסͣڿеԹס˰Ƭ
һ˲䣬͵Ľ⡣
֣ȴͷİƴˡ
ʱһһǺӳͷȥ
췣췣
һʱ䣬ˣһͬΧҵ֦½С£ŭһľ졣
һ˲䣬ܲԶʲʱƺǷŭڱ˶ŴͣҪ·ɽӡ
ô̶˲񣬲ؿϷôô췣
뱡ЩΪĲͬ췣Ǻӵʶǿ߶Խ췣˵ʲô¡
̶뵽ŵؿǸֹͣʬ壬һ롣ԼĿԭûб׻У췣һΪ
ԵһӰûȥжŮȫ׻Уߡ
һ˲䣬
̶ʶķֶˡ
ȴҧôѾˣѾûа취ˣΨһľǼΣ
̶δһȭ˹ȥ˵Ǻ֦˳ǱȺ㻹ָǳԹǶԼô죡ҵģ⡪
⡪
һķ⣬Щס
֪Ǵģǽ׳ˡϾ˵е̶ȷʵҷ֦ȥˣҲҵԩ֡
ˮ˵¡
Χˮ󣬽µϵ˵صס
ױ˰·ˡ
֪ΪΣǱҵ˹֦ûֱһһжˡ
췣˹ûа취κˡ
СʦǰһĻԶɽȥʦֵܣҲܲסˡ
Ҳ鴦ھεὣˡɫѪ˳ɽµһֱʣǰǰЩ£ΪŢˡ
ڰ˺̶ŷԶɽ﷢¡ΪԶɽûˣ̶ҪΣռԶɽΪԭ
Ϊǰִ̫أδתͶ̥
Լûн֦ûܾʦԾڽţ֦ʦʱԶɽԶɽʦŻʦš
ҲΪǰԼ屻ٿأ֦˵˹ֵĻ䣬ԭصˣ˺߶ӡ
֦ʲôһʲô˵ʲôԸ⿴ԼʱһͷȻЦȴǸ˺ʦܵݡ
ʱ仺ơ
ʵҵ֦Ľδɡ
ҵͳ֦еĲҶԼʱ֦סƯڿеƬҵԹһ̣ҵͬݿ
£ҵһ𣬱òֱ˴ˡ
ʱΡҵĹ塣
ӵŹͬͬԼͬ
βͬҵˡ
֦ΨһľƴȫҵԪ񣬲ҵ̫ࡣ
֪ΪεΪҵκҵˣһ˫ɼ۾
˺ܶ¡
㱾屻ˮУҲ֮ܿ
ֱشȥ
ǸŮޱ˺ܾãò׽˳ǣȴûҽޡŮ޲ʶ·ͻŵصš
ͬǴҵԼһ㣬С˰æ˾ɳߵǴΣǱϾ˻˭֪֦ã֪ĳ࣬ûԸǡ
Ů޾壬ߵڣߵ䣬Ȼܵĵƻʧ˷򣬹ڼžʯ·ϣҲ޷ֱӡ
֦þû˵
û뵽ôˣȴûԸʱһѡ
ʱ֦һֱ룬Ⱦ˭ܾȾͺˡ
ûС
֦쳹׺ˡ˼һ̶Զȥˡ
ˮ֮УƮɢҵǺӺ;ƱԼǷš
ЩˮУĴ˶١
ʱǿ컯ˣҲʪˣƱҲ˵¡͵ڰ˵İ׹У⣬ŲΧѪȳɳž۲ǣ˵صס
һֱûб۾ϷǸ޴ͷ
ҵͷ
˫Ϊϲǳɫȴˡ
ҵԪȴҷųҵ˵˵
ϲҵϲĶˣܰҵҪҵúõĻš
Ը
ʲô
ʵҵͷһ̣ǿҵĺΧģеƶߡһ̣Ŭȥļ֣˾֮Сͷ̫ɹˣֻ޲˵Ѻۡ
úޡԣȥɡ
˼ȻôΣһҪΪһΡ
ģΣĸá
һ̣ˮˮʲô
תƣ׾Թ϶֦˲ٵ˿˱ҵ
աֻܶҵʬǵҹʱĽޱģ壬Ψһʣµֻĺ⡣
ͺλ˫ɵԷ־ģʱעռƣȻչ죬ĽҲɵΣѹΡ
ѰɲͬûܳöԷʧǰѶԷתΪԼġԼķԼʹ
Ļᣬ˼ҵ˰ҵԪͳˮεĻᡣ
Ͼֺ䣬ҵʺ
ҵ֮ǰŽ⣬ȥ
ʵҲԥǷҪѶԷʧȥҵҵҲˣȥϣҪˣΧˮҲˡɼͷ˼ΣԪҲûɿߵҲûлȥ
ֻʣһͷ
ˡ
Ҳˡ

ҵҲŪôǱ
ûҵǸ߸ϵˮȻƢãҲ׶֡
ڹȥ˵໰һ仰٣ȷʵܲϲҵԡҵ߰ɡȥһԶĵط
һȫůĵط
ҵպûֻҪҵܺúõĻţܱǿࡣ
ֻôһ룬־᲻á
ҵ̫ƽʢͺˡ
ʱûôѣҲɽӣҵҲһŸĸ谮ΪĽݹӸ磻ҲĳǻڽϲҲֻһ֮ԵҲڲʱҵͣ½Ų
ΪҵɣƫҪһԷӡҵҲˡ
ʱֻһ֣û׼Ŵţһˡ
Ǹʱĸĸûڣҵ˫Ҳڣ߶ǻ̵ˣû׼Ϊǳ
û׼߹ĳֵʱܹ롭Զɽʦֵܲû׼ܹʦ棬û׼ܹͥû׼ܺǱҵȥҿ˼ͬΡ
ʼͿ۸Ƣҵҵһʱһ۸ˡ϶˵ǣһᱻҪޣ±Ƕ£ֻգɵǺ«׷ǡ
ʱãǿԲη庮С·ǰߡ
Ļ棬붼úܺá
ϧáӵв
ʵûǰãҲû˼˼ˡҪǵҵҲǵԼĿԣܸΪǵΪۣϣҵҲҵ
ϣҵúܺã˭ãԣҵ
ָһƣˮǵʣĹˡ
ɫĹָ뿪ỺƮҲĵط۾ԽˮĽ⣬֪뿪֮ҵתˣ޹ϸˡ
ֻϣҵӺһЩ˵ת̫ҵûһı죬û˱ٵıôţ϶ᱻʰġ
ԡ
װҲá
ӿɲԭôˡ
öЦЦЦöˣźҲͻˡ
ţδҵ뿪ʱҲܵӰ졣
ΪҵǹԭҵԪ뿪˵صףԪҲ˵ϡֻΪҵתҵԼ䱻ֵԵҵࡣ
й֮ǰļ䣬ĸ£ǲˡҵ֪ҵԼʲôֻ֪ܷҵԱš
ҪסݳޣҪɿеۣתҵԳ䣬ɿͼǲס֮ǰ¡
ΪԼֳԼһƻ꣬ļ䡣һ˵ʱǻ˵ʱѹˮеΪǲڣʱռˡ
ǳȥ֮ʼѰҷųԼİ취
̶˿£ܳȥˣͷ˲ٵλòصúܺá
ҲƲסԼ󣬼ɱԭеˣԭÿһأڵǿΪŪ׵ĶȰԭŵ£ԼΪݣ֮ȥһԿ׵ļǼҺӵ۲š
֮Ϊ˷㽻ļȥԭ˸ҡ
ȫ⡣
ʱѾûȥŪװΪλ˼
ǽ̸
֮ܿģҲΪƿΡ̽񣬱ջԼ׵ļֶΡ
ҪԼףȻҪһ˫ܹĵ۾⣬Ҳ׽񺣵ԭ򡣱Լı壬żԼ
֦Ųʱͻʧļ䣬塣
Ҳİţתԭ֮У븵֦ˡ
һ̣˵ĳٴתܵǰӰ죬ҵǵҵ
ҵת֮ƤΣҵʶӡ
һ˲䣬ΪһȦʼȥ壬ַŲ壬ţ۲ţ̲סţһѺۣοɳ֮
֪εջ£̫ʲôֻһͬһ㣬֦ҵĹһֻиһ뷨
ΪݵĿǰĸûܵһԼȥҲǰרע£ʼѰɱԼ˫׵֣ȴ֪˾ɱġ
忴ҪҪһڵĹӡӵԵֶǣǡ
֮ԶԸݲͬԭԼǵãǴǰǸ֦ ݾǺڱ˿ӺЦ˵֦
ţڸߣ˵Ц֣ݵߣǷŲݵİΣ֮岻ãΪ֦Ļ
ںçµɱΪ֦䣬ѡ˷ֵԶȥˣ֦ҵ֦š
ֻҪ֦ۣЩɱҲͷϡ
˳ԵʱЩûΧϣΧת˼ָںçսʱɱˣΪծ𲻻ͷϡ
ϵߣҪȥծ˵ҵĽٻûйȥЩҵҪԵһ
ҲָδΪױնĬҵɽʧܡҲָʧܺпҲĶ
ǶȻתԪҲԪ񣬶ϰԹ֦һġ֦ͲһܵӵľӡǸУǸϡ
֮ǰļͥģǵġ
֮İǻΪ֦Ĳ֣֦ծ
ֵ֦ҵڰǵУĹ֮Ի˳ҵҲΪǻҵ֦ԼĹǡ
ô࣬˵һǧһ򣬶Ҫɽ١
ǴνŰʾûӰӣԼݵӰ䲻ΪǱ壬ֻֻһԼ
ǰ˵֦ϲãϲȴȫ븵ϣԭˡ
ǿ龭˵ĹͷʵҵʶҲǰ׹а飬ﻯľ֣ͨǿͷϵ
ŸʲôûݱռʲôʱռϷ硣
ݶ£Աǣűһʱա
Ͼε۷
븵ӴͲҪʲôϾ
˵£ΨһνӴľ͸
ҵ֦
ĽӴˤǴξͿʼˡ
ԸݴŴǰͿʼˡ
ǴǸݵһ뿪壬Ǳʶοʼ븵ݵĹϵֻ˿еļ϶ܹʩչ
ʲô飬ʲôϵͳǼٵģθĴ䡣
֮Իδļ䣬ôŮǴ˵
ŮԼȱһĺΣαƮǺӸץһ˽ȥںϣһµꡣ
ץǸ꣬Ǿʱռ϶Խˡ
һʱʱյ꣬ռҵһ飬˲ٴ֪
ִԽϲûС
ˣˤ֮ͿʼĲ֡Ǹ˵ǰ䣬ҵ֪
ζĸԤڸΪڽڰ˵ʱ򣬵˶塣
ô
ݽյ۾޷ƭԼһ澵ӣϲض˾ĸҲͬı飬Ĭؿ
عûз磬Ҳ֪ôйؼһǡ
ȻˣͲ˯ˡ˯ȥǧ֮ǰ黹Ҫݡ
ڵļ͵飬ԼԭҪɱһ
ȥĹºڵĹ¸ûб仯
ɱ˸ɱ
ҵ
ҵǰס˽ţûܹûǵƽӡ
ֱ˿̣ҵΪǱߣΪ˾۵Լĸܡֳǲע⣬ҵ
Ҫ
Ϊһʱ̫ǳ˽εˡҲ׻εˡ
Σˣ֮󣬶ֻʣһ֡
뿪ˮεġ
ʱ˭ס
ϾǧǰҪиȻ˲ȥԼҪ
ôҪ
ƿ˰㡣
һѳͷϵա֮󣬱һȱڵ
澵Ӱǳ˳Ҳǵļ˻
ޱǿ޲ŹȥɱԼ˵ˣһֱ˲֣ĥΪ֮ʧˡ
ԭΪ׵ѾԼ֡
Ǹɱ˸ˣȥݡ֣Ȼ˺˸ңȴþûжֵĹ֮
¥֪ι£Ҳ͸¶¥ġἰǸ˻¥δڵˣιҲãҪɱ
ּңȥԭ֮ǰŪ£ΪݵֱʣΪǱ壬ȥҵʱ򣬻ǲŻ֡
ΪǱġ
ǰ˵ϲԵЩʵԵĲݣ֦ûԶɽĻ䣬ŻԶɽԼݴԶɽĲңݰԶɽһУͲ԰֦ԵĶ
Ϊܵ˺ĮȻģﲢûƶĽޣ֦ɽǰǷ棬̫顣ԼԼĽŰסˡ
֮ôᡢ˺ΪûйǸͲ˳˳һ
ЩҪˡ
ڵعͬʱ澵ӵʱ͸ϵԹﶼˡ
ڸϣ˿
ʱվ˫۾һôö
͸Ǳ˪ˣƣͣ¡
˵ɱݺ͸һˣӵŹͬʶ˵֮Եݾû˶ܵĿܡ͸ͬʱһۣغһ
֮Ǹֲ֦Ǽ֦˳ˡ
һ˲䣬ϵĵ߳ˣָԼ
֦ĹծԼӦ˵ҵ
ͨһβľ룬֦͸˿塣
Ǹڿ壬Ҳ֦ڿҵ
ſţ֦Цˣ˵Ҫһߡ
屻Ůڻſڵɵɵؿ
ĵġ˵תȥû˵¾仰
ˡҲһĽ֡
ʱҲã¥Ҳã޹ˡ
ֻϧûߣҲ߲ˡ
忴ת˲ɴ۾Ůһ䣺֦ҵ˵ڡ߰ɡ
˵߰ɾ˵ڡ
˭ֹԼ˵䣬ֲ֪֦˵Щʲôؿ֦뿪ˡ
֦ߺǶ˻һֱŮŻع㶵ؿŮȻ˳ԼŪʲôǶӣҪôҪôܾǣ
Ů˵̫ãԪ͸ڹҵʬϵţϣòײࡣɼˣҵʱҵͷ£ع۲ܡ
ҵʱסȥ˵Ҫô㰲ģ㵹˵Ϊô۵ػ𣿡
ɥغţȫҲȥŮȥ֦İ취ֻԼһһ޳ɵķ
÷þһĻ
̶֪ľӵʲôֻ˼ͥӰӡ
ʱӴˡһԼΪʲôֺãȻתһȦȻ󿴵壬ǰһҪҪôֿǱĻ
˼Ƭ̣˵ˣĶҲҪˣһҪæ㲻ȥˡ
۾֮ǰ÷á
ŨŨС
÷ɻͷ˵£
ҵ˹ȻҲԼ͸ָָ֦һһ͸÷á
йؼͥĹ澵ϣ÷þɵɵؿţǲʶһ
˫̰۾ڿͥɱӱԼͥѽӻһ̣
ʲôһ˲ǲҪǮһ˳۽һؿޣһ߱鸴ҵЦ
ҵһ˲䲻Цʲô
÷üȩ̈֡
ҵʱŮĻڶ۲ÿ顣
÷ñ˺ܶ࣬ൽҪϲ÷ˡ


132 
ǸԭһǵƺΪ˪һήĻ˥ܵҵ뵽ġҵΪ÷õӣŵȥŵЦڴ
ڿʧɳĮͷһ˲䣬Ȼſ죬һżؿޣһ˷ܵĴžӣһֽ˷ܵĹУɿƵضҵ˵ҵĶӣҵĶӣû͵û͵û͵ûԲ˭ñֻǱ˺ˣֻ̰ǮƵĶֻǻزˡ
˵طһĵıҪһӲȥһ㡣ҵóһɫУˤ˵ϡ
йʲôһ㣬һ˲䣬ϳ˲ٵĶнӡͭ塢·Ρʯݡ˺ܾúܾãЩﶼɫˡ
һ˲䣬ҵĴԿհˡ
͸ͥĽﲢʲô֪ЩӶЩ˶ԣȴһܲµĲƸԾٶüͥ·÷÷񲡣
÷Ϊʲôӣ
ĵ׷Ų£Ϊ˶£֪ԼʺУȥˡ
ֻþһ㣬ҲӵҲҪعʾӡ
ʵʾӵȥˣ²Ϊ˵ȥʧͥƬ˲෹̸ʡ
ʵйε¡Ե£Ϊ̶鱻ѹ£ԺιҲͷβֻͽ˵Ĺ±˳ϣԶᱻ¡
ԼĽ
Ϊĸ׵Ų¡
Լ⸱ӹӲд꣬ҲϢ롣
뷨ڽڽˡ
Ҫ޳ЩĿһ㡣
ڼͥѽ𽻵ʱŪһ£ڵϣӣһ§ŵϵǮһ߲ʵᣬһ˵ΪΪΪ˻ǵݱϷˣƴеΪԸ𣡿Ҳʲô취Ϊ¶ֳõĹΪм˿ţţѵҲ֪Ҳ֪۰Ҳ֪߳ܣҲ֪ôЦҵģҷŲ£Ҳܷ£ԡ
ͷɢɫǺ죬ǰǮҵﺰţ㣡㣡㡭ڣҵĶܹؼؼҰ
һʣҵʵ̧ͷ
ŵŲˡ
ͥزˡ
ȻҪ÷һĸӣҲˡ
۵˲޹ˣѾʧˡ
÷ûҪõĻشһ㣬һ˵ţһʵᣬ˵С˵һ㣬˼ǮȻ£ҵ棬ǶǮ
·ȥʱƮƮģ渲ǵҵġ
֮÷ûعͷ˼ͥľӣﺬ⣬Цţſ˻ͥ
˵ؼˡ
Ȼһͷײȥ۾ʯλˤ֮ķѡ
Щطô֪ЩħڴʱλסԼ壬ûȥǺܲף顣
һ̣ҵǰ˼ͥǡͥͥҪŻȥԼ÷ſ˫۵Ļϡ
ĵһΪ֦ʹǺڡ
÷ˡ
ڱ۾
һ۵£˾ǰ֪һ̣Լ
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˵ȥĶӻؼˣļĶ
һ̣ҵȻѼͥҲҪǼ·ϡ뿪Ůǰȥʱȴͣסˡ
ҳָͣǼ·ǰȥֻԼֱǼմ·Ҫܶࡣ
ȥ÷øɸɾǰ·
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԰͸Ӱӣ÷Ѫľϡ
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ҵ˵ҵּ֪Ϊλ𣿡
ҵû˵
ĳĶ˵û˵ּȷʵǰ㣬ȷʵǺ˰ǰ˽˹֦ܸıּҵ£üȴı䲻֮Ϊʲô֪𣿡
Ϊʲô
Ϊ֦ΡһҵܣΨһǚӵ塣֦Ҳ֦ռˡ֦Σ֦֮ԲܸıԼΪ֦Ϊεʱе¶ˡ
֦Ϊ֮޷ԤԼΪ֮ǰ飬Ҳ;Ȳ˲εԼԻǵ·󣬶ǰ
£֦ѻּץҪʲô
ҵ޲ⲻȥ⣬رܵҲ֪
Բգ㲻֪Ҹ㣬ΪҪҪˣˣˡ
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Կ
֮Ƚлǣûг׽⡣ĺ޲ں󷽣Ҫһһ㡣
ʵ˵Щҵ
ԲҵӱܣҵҵԼ壬ҪʲôҪɱǧˣƱػŤתʱգὫȥڣһһնɱǸʱʲôӣ˺۵᲻᳹׶ıУ
ʱ縲𣬲ǵ£˼䣬ƶˣһսᡣ뿴𣿡
ҵֻ֪֪һ˫ܹĵ۾
žһϵˡ
ԭصصһ࣬ؿڣĵ飬ٴеؿŶ档ɵ鲢ûô£ǿ֦˭һרעض֦
̧֦֣ϲ˵Ϊ⣬ҲۣҶͻƶµĵطڻλĸ£һҸҲ
ԡԭŻں޵ʣΪʦΪ£
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ͣ
˼Ҳ㣬Ūһ顣
˵һѶеͷҲص̶ҪΣʲôԿףԿֻ˵۷һ塣ϾԿף˭Ҫ㶼յ򣬶ҶæԿףҲƽ˷񣬸ֵʱ䡣պҵԿףû׼Կ׿ҲᱻԿ׷ɡ
ԭء仰˭붼ΪѺελйء
Ҳģֱǿջ¥ԭԭΣѡڣ֪θԭ
̶˶ƭˡΣյĵطȫĵط
ԭĽԿһ̶ӳ塣
Ͼԭأ˭ܿأѡɽɽΣյĵططǱ˵ĵطڻ¥֮ԭŲŻһͬء
һɽҲûУֲĽأξͲԭ
֦Цһ
Ҳǣ̶˽թôܰԭ
Ϊ˱֤˲ҵΣѾƳԭԼԭӡ
˵̶Ƶ
֦˼Ƭ̣ٿԭţת뿪
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