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ѩɰʱô˻Լ
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⣺ݣܾĽǣ¸Լÿ˶Ƕһ޶âɵģ
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֪ԭԼһڻŮ䡣Ϊ˱Ɐҽ֣޵ݣС¥Ϊºķʦ˺ڻҾ籾ʶС¥Ĵʦָʱ֮¡ħðóУ𽥱Էڵ֪˸ʱܣԼⱳظģС¥¡ħǧĶԹһϵı޾ԣܷٸһµ
ɣ̻С¥һŬΪ²ս徫Ը۲׳кǿĻУһƪݴ


1 
ʦɣޱߡ
/Է
2021.11.27
ʵҲǺףô
ʱڣ־Ⱦظʮ˷д棬ǹʯᾺȴңżҲɽͷһ㱡ѩɽͰףת۱ļһꡣ
ȥһУǴ˴ǧȻt羰
ڣЩȫޱʱϰ
֪ԼӲظȴǰ
֮У·ͳĹ⣬ԭͻҰ׵ȥ˴롣
⻮ƿͬһϯȥ
ڸ£׷ظͽ޵ͬš
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ˣҲѻԡѪǿ֮ĩ
ʲôǿ
ŴĵߣͣһҲ̤޷ڵһսҲȼڱϡĵԪĴۡ
ɾķҲظȫ㳲һ졣
һ֮
֪Լˣһӿʼ֪ı־磬ʱϾˡ
⽵䣬⽻֯ٽС
ͷͽ޳ܡһáȫ̷ö£ޱؿޣͼ͵
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ϣ⽣ɱŭǰһ̧䣬طס
ϸܵļ̣˵û޵ļڵأѪɫһСƬȴѾƾԷԼѺ
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ɺ׵ٿסԼѪں棬δ³ٿУϸ΢ѩƮ䣬Ľëմһ
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ټʱظ󣬿壬˵յС壬һὣⳡظС¥۵Ͷ˿֮Щصڴ۵̨ߣȻȻϤһ
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Щ΢֣ȴҲֻ΢΢ѡ
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İǣ߹ǽۿսŲݹǣһıĻɹն̤·ۣ֮˹Ĳһ
ˣָɽλµĴʦģϻλ߸ϵʥŮ裬ֻ÷λʮ͵Ƕ˰׵״ʮ¡
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御֮٣·ϣظµһöӡҲȷʵûƭ赭дطظ淢ֻΪ˽һȡظΣԱպͼı
Ѷʱüëûжһ£Щɻ˭
ҳἰ󣬱Ʊһ㣬޷ˡҲ̫ȤֻһЦһ½ҳʮ꣬۵̨޶֮ʱһĻ
ȻҲ̲ס㣬һȭҳϣҪοЦ鿪ʼʱԼǶԼ˻һЩйߡ
һȭ£ҳͬʱʶȻһ㱻ŴתīС
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ٴЩЦ⣺ǺηǰϲΪⳡС¥۵ĿףȡսƷɡ
޵ʶЩ㱣ȴѾԾؽģЩľеĹؼ˳
С¥۵ηɣ
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ȴ־ȻҪ¿ʼ
޵һʶʲôЩŵٿ̧ͷ
ֻվ۵̨ϣΪսΪ߲ǽӢͦꡪ



2 
۵̨Ѫհ߰ߣ˵ܣ΢żս̨ѪվȻʧֱ۵̨»Ȼһ¡
˵Ŀⶼ۽ɵϡ
ȷʵǺη
˵λɵСȻ˵㣬ȴѾСģϾˡ
ȻЩ˵ǣȻűѰʮĶӡ
ҲҪǴʦȥɽǱ߳ħҲֲһɵظˣ磡
ˣ˱ˣ˵ֻСĴʦֻԴ
ҾΪʦֿϧôƫƫС¥۵أ
Ҳû취ϾûԤС¥ʱ¥۵ԴʦֵΪˣȻҲͬŶսħ壬ԼȻ
Χ۵ĵ˽ظĵӵԹȴҲиɲ̾ؿվ۵̨Ϸ˫ꡣ
Ҳڿ
ͦοȫع˫ֽӹսġܹȫ޵֮֮صǳɫ޶
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޵úܿ죬ЩãȻ
˾˵أȷʵˡ
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ΪѾԿЦ⻹̤ɲ֮صĵˮԼסķ޿ߡ
ƣϱȻûȻʹһС
ȻӢͦȴ̲סͫ΢Ȼȭͷֻģһ˼Ƥ˻¹ͷĶߡ
ʵǸرֳŵˣǰҲҪ˻Ļʧ̬ʹޡ
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飬ǿ϶Ҫ˵ģҪ˵øɾˮ
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ޱؿڿһ˵ù𣿡
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ЦԼղȰ˵ԼôãѾ˴룬̻ҲǲУȴƫҪͷһ
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ͻȻܺ棬ƫҪʶôأ


3 
ûһλŸո̤޵֮ŵСˣѾԪӤϾƢȻôõˣ˵
ολ֮ԵΪԼʵǿᣬΪɣԼλ˵ڵýš
˵ָ΢ȴӲȥȻﲻظλִȻһֱĬȴʼûߵĻһָѹ֪ߵغС֪һ˵ˣ³ʲô𣿡
Ϊ֪Ҫβʶô޲ܲõؿҪ֣˵ô໰ֻߣԼ˵ǰ㲻ĻΪλҪأ
ȷʵˡ
ǻϣװд˵֣һ˵ͬģǽ㲻κ˽ס
ɫؿмСӦṲ̄ظ󣬷Ӧ֪кַܶ㲻ôʹػţȥ
˵ˣҲǲԸԼвȴЦЦҵȻֻ֪Ҫ̤ظҾͻŬ˶֪ܵÿһʹÿһݿ࣬ȥΪҵλδĸס
ڳĬƬ̣еɫȷŻҪ䣬˼֣ô˵ǾãĲࡣ˵ɣҪʲôɵؼֻ˵ҪǲᡶؾԼؿ
һƬ΢ĻȻ
󲻴֮أбõĵˮӯʽԼᡶؾ˵˹ɸǺ޵֮ˣҲڿ˴һ̤;
ҲȷʵʺޣԴΪҲܺ
ȴҡҡͷʵûôӣֻǲϲǿǿѡң鵹Ҳ̸ϲϾײɣ´˺ҲˡôұҸĸ΢յЩĸѣҲú𣿡
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һʣЮͼһ֣¶ݼҵ
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˶ڵһզ֡
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Ѿ֮佫ĳƺӡʦ֡ġˡȻע⵽ˡ
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ͻȻ֣ԭЦʱһѣüչ䣬ʵɰġ
޺ܿɫ˵ķһ񣺡ô
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ɫĲнϰܲõ΢΢ףٿڵˣ˴С¥۵Ч޶ֻѡ
԰գнϰ̧Ƚڸķȥ
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ǧУÿġͨ˸ƿ˵ĵӲܽڸܣټϸ峤ϵ״ӣ˵ڸܹҲˣΪ͵ˣҲѾ¾ǰ;ɹ
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ֻһԵøͷһĵӣĵͻȻڵֻһ˾ãͦÿ𣿡
ǻͦÿ
ͺ񣬿ľ괺ԡ
Ҳװ׵ظˣֽصϵŮһУ˵һ㣬ں

·ҵԼסСԺһȹϾ͵˻ͼٱ벻ɺ׵ʱ򣬾Ҳ߰Ĺ⾰ѣԴ˿ػأҲû̫ĸо
׻ǻһȦܣ³һȻһصģٺĸо
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ڰƬ̣ǵûȡ£½ڷ˽ٶžԼ¶һĵ׵΢Ц
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ɫ磬ҲȷʵһҪҪ
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ʵҲǺףԼΪʲôһҪԼδϽݣҪ˵ĻȻժЩȴʲôصĶͷϵһűʯܻ
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ʣʾľҪһڻң²Ҫ߼
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ӵӾȥ̷ãҪ·¥߹ݵõƬеС㳡
иӾۼݵǰĹ㳡ݵϰôĽ磬ƮµĿضڵԼ׾ظͬһĿܣһԿ̵ķ߳˲ޣɵǰһ
ʦðãҿ⣿žī۰Ͱ͵ضס޵·Ѿ˻ûͷȾȺӰɡ
Ա¶ɫĵ˭˲֪޾ظʸǻǮģ壬ôȻæ

һܻԱ˵۹ЩУʱ˿̣ĴûоˡžīȺȻظһǾʵЩõľܣٴӶԷӹ׭شӿܵļͷббؿһ
žīɴĶֹУʦãҲҲء
Ѿ㹻ľѩϼ˪ˣ
ڣľС
һļӷ΢Цǲ֮ˣҲܿһʵںУֱƻ
˸δ޵Ѿ
ˡԲŮ䣬ȫûиžīѻ˵Ļᣬٽ׭ת˻ȥ
žīӹʱľܾȻѾָ˳̬תͨ޴Ť˱һʵ̫Ŀ֮⣬ҲҲʲôë
ĺˡ
ˣžīԵظоķ֮ǰеظͨ˳˼֡
Թ۵ĵ¶˼ı飬ɨһۣתߡ
ȻǷ޶ղŵЦ޷ӦⷴеĪ߳ŭ
žī֪ı£棬ֻǿʵڳªĿ̺ۣ׻ٱԹһʲô̧ͷʱȴ޵Ķͷϸܵĺ飬յҲϸ΢Ĳ
ǰλʦڷ֮һϣȷѣκεֻͨһ̺ۣ±Ѿ⼸պòײµĵԪһˡ
ֻԼľܵЩľګض˶ɵΪԼղŵЩնΣŸɰͰ͵лллʦá
б𣿡޿һԼ̫֣΢΢һüʵ
ûˡžī䣬ͻȻʲôŬһG㲻ȥ۵̨λδ𣿡
ް˰֣δˣˡ
žīһʲôˣ
ԽǰȥٻͷɫɵһЦ鰡
žīЩӦԭأô޵ıӰʧŻظһ飺ˡ˻ˣ
ǰľܵͻȻһöȴЩƣţոں˭˵˭˻ˣ


4 
޲ûз֣ľܵϱϴ֮ʱһִѶķơÿ˶Լܣе棬ҲῪʡ
ȻҲͲ֪ǵѶƵһˣӵǻڰǧ֮⣬һʦ֧ԮɽڵĴʦָʱ
վ̷ǰʱ޵׻еš
Ͼǰλ̷õĶ˲ɺ׵ġ
˺ü׼̷̤õĴš
зɳɳ죬̷Ȼ˵㷣ִõĵǶҹԼյѧϰظŹ棬Լȥ̵İеȻҲෲɷ
˵̷λԭеĹǳ¼һ֪꼸Σ̧׾ȻѾꡣٰ׷Ӱǰ֮ʱͨϸԪӤȻԲһǻ
ǰ׷価ͷڷػʢ꣬̿·Է
ˣȻһ˿ϿƽֱȻظ£ǸҲҪ֡
һˣ΢һȻæʱ̶ڡ
ڣǰӭģһλ΢Ц˼֮崺Ưʦ㡣
ϧȫظ¶֪λ̷õĴʦҶʫЦԽԽݣԽᣬԽ⡣Ҷʦһֽʹó뻯һ˽滹ڸĵĵӱ̷ǰϣ˸䣬ЩѶԷĵûˣһս
˺ظû˸Ҷʫǰ
ȻҲҴ⣬ɫ񣺡Ҷʦ㡣
һΪʦúôһޣҲ߻Ԫ׿ȴΨû뵽㡣Ҷʫ֪Ѿڹһĳ֮ս¶һʮֺЦݣֻһ¡֪ʦʲô飬Ҫ췣ѽ
ȻѾ֪˷۵̨顣
Զǰ仰ҶʦЦôƣĵ׵ٶ༸֣Ҷ˵ֻӻͳһҶӣȻݣԪ׿ȷʵҪһ˵ģҲҪġ
ҶʫӹݣָתתٿޣЦЦĵܲݵʲôˣ
޿Цݣܵظе˺£ֻʵƽֱ
Ҷʫûнӻ΢΢üġ
ظܹôиӣ٣̷õĵһÿαҪסͬšҶʫΪ̷ôʦ㣬ÿλӶָƣڵһʱ֪һЩ˲֪顣
׳ưԡ
ֻ˵иİԡͷӡ
֪λӦ׼иСڴڸеʦޣ˵ǳС¥۵һλյСʱ򣬱㽫Լ˷ҹķ
ΪʲôȻԶĻǾƽͨʵʼһͿյԪҲ
ҶʫţȻûͳȥֱ˻飬ʮСôҲмίἰȻҲҪ̫ذο䣬Ųݵ飬ĳ˵ϣҲǲڹ΢ͨڴһ
˰죬˵Ժ󣬾ȻûҪ˵˼
Ҷʫʵûסٷ˵飬Ŭ˵䣺͡ʲôҪô
ޱʣ͵͵ɫн֣ͷҶʦ㣬ȷʵֻǻѣҶʦ̡
ҶʫС۵ף
ô£
Ź棬֮ϱٰѫȡ͡Ų棬Ӧޡϴ̬ã̿⣬ԭҲݡҶʫǿɴ糣̣ȻһתۣиСҲһ£һ˳´࣬飿
˵˿ûС
Ҷʫͳһľƣָһ㣬ľ϶ʱһ⣺ôʦǿŶ
ٶ˶٣Ҷʫ׻ǲһ䣺λˡԵĲʦöСġ
޽ӹľƣһԪľ΢΢һǽ˼
ԶԷʮָмĵװԼ£ٶԣҶʫһתߵ̷ſڵʱȴͻȻ˶ٽŲ
ҶʫΪлҪ˵ȴ΢ֵĿɰʦòĳüĿչͻ¶һЦݡ
˳Ŀȥ
ԭ̷ɱ֮ص̷õǰ̨£ʯذ϶У֪ʱһɫҰ

ʵô󣬱ϾĶҲӵܴġ
룬ϵһűʯȥʮȻ̷õӣȻôܴ
ľƵȻʵģѰľͷز⡣ҶʫµһǶλ׷ãȻʮ־׼ָֻܷһΧǵ֮ʱգһͷΧܻóԮࡣ
ȻͬʱľƣȻҲҪȥָλһ⣬ľϵķ¼Կ̵ķƹâҲ֮䣬Ͷȡɡ
ͱڣľǷƣǵ顾𡿣Ǿظģݵĵط
ǽظġԿס
ظųƷԲǧǧʵָظڵɽϵظڵʮ˷УԻһڱΣⷲС󲿷ֻδϵиӳУЯľƣŲܵԿѰظ֮·
Ҫȡڴ֮ǰҪٻһԪ׿ļ
һΪ˻£˵ʲôҪ֪һܾûڼЩȫһλ˷ҪǿȡҲʵ̫ҡ
ΪҶʫղᵽģһ֮иС
У߱ǰԶ׼ҪҪܶࡣ
غ֮·
ǵģȻ˶޵ͣǰľͷʱҲıߣ˿ƽƽ桭档
ʼվãȻʹߡ
룬һԡ
һԵĹؼȻҪȴи
ǰ˳ؽˣӦ̫ൣǣϾһأҲĳ̶ֳǰ֪˿⡣
صֱֻ˵ֱҶʫʦǾѣҲԿλ˵һʱܸоıܲϲ
Լãһλô򵥡
֮һ֣òؼ֡
˼ƮԶһ㡣
ǰи꣬һֱڲ¥볭¼ҪƵĹžɹ±
ԭҲܼ򵥣иֻһ˵ΪԴټλͬﰵż֮ʽȤ±ϡ
ʱĻ֮ҲҪȥ¥Ȼһβر泩ļ䣬ò˵ΪʱǶȹȴ׵ʱ⡣
˼ߵŦȻЩĿУ̹ȻƷʯȥɽ⡣
ԷʯݳͨľƣֹƬ̣׻һ䣺ʦãЩԡģ
޿ǰ߼ഺ꣺ʲôԣ
˵˵㱻˻ˡȻƤҪܶ࣬˵⼸ֺе죺ʦ˽£ֻǡֻǡʵظǧӣҲδûſ˵ʦӺãЩЩ۸㲻ҪȥЩĻҲҪ̫̫ġ
ʮֲ죬Ͱ͵ذοţ˵˼̧ͷ޵
ȴ㶣סŲϸؿ˵ͷλʦһۣٿǰֵľдš̸֡
İ֣ȷǰÿɽҲӦλ̸ʦΡ
ɵЩпĵԼǰôֻĳЦ䣬ȴδפЩοء
лл̸ʦ֡лҲġ
̸һ㶡
̧ͷѾȥɽŵĵг죬һ¡
һУɽ붫ɽŵ˵ֵǣǴӼ˪ѩۣ֮˰ٿñƹľƤݴƳɣޱȣѶϣټԪʯɽΪһ壬һյسɽĻ
ڻϣŽ翵ɽԨ˳¶𽥳еĶɽɽţȴһԼǰδ˼⡣
˭һ
˱ֱ˳ֱظķ⣬˭ֱʣ
ͬһģ˵ΪѾ˺εȵز
жݵسλѾԪӤϾˣ뵽ǰʱѾĶٻԼÿһظմңңһ۵ĸ
ǡ
أ͵ػعٻͷһ۵ųɽš
ɽŲɽѾ̤˸Ԩ
ӸԨͳǰԪ׿ѰҪҹɽµظϽĳȻųҲͨҪֻ࣬òա
ֻǷõȻҲü
Ԫ׿ݼҳŮ˵Ҳ飬ǻǮ
ýʵվòץסһ۴ʲô˵ĽЦоҪ˳Ҫϼεʱ޿ڴܵͲˡ
ʶ·޼ݳϹٵĹˣ´վڳͷϣٴӻȡһСƱ
Ʊ䱡ûţȴίʵСüëûжһ£ȻѰ֣˵ֶֻѡ
ʳָָһƱӭվڳͷƱſȥ
罫ͷ󴵿һƱȻҲӦȥ
ƱͣԲŮǰͻĳصɫתִЩٹһ飬ַֻЩ϶ǻ·һģ
ƿɿ·һָ̧֣ű߽ԼպۼƱϣ·ǮԪ׿
سǰԾʱ·Ѳ֮ǰ··һ࣬ѾдšݸֵĹҡ

Ǯ·Բƽֱʣݹ£Ҳûмá
ֻ˵ǮҲδ˼ңҪӽؿһ·ֱʡ
Ԫ׿ƮƮӳһƱ·Ǯ
˵ɲɣԪ׿ľ⣬ҲƯָ޳ָƼгһƱڰһӣҪظ
ʦ


5 
һƯָĶʦʦǺò׳һˣҲôżȥҡǾһʮ㷨ǿɾʮټҴҵҲôӻģ
һƬµŮ۰Ͱ͵ؿ˹ǵЩɢƴ˵ͷŬҡҡͷ
ƱȻҲظµȻϵҪеӶҪ£ϸ壬ϸܵĴӲһӦͨͨøûʡ·ȴȻ̫ں·ľ󣬾ô΢ӣ¶һƯǣƱɿбڴֲڵϡ
ظʦָʱ
ڷһöһĺ񷢻ٴڽ֯ϣҲһ˿ϣӲ־Ȼɢǵ񹤾ϸĺ񷢻ס񷨹Ҳס
ƫƫλʦܵĶһ٣ɨһȦʵеʮĿ⣬̧üģĵǲ
⻰ֲڿڣ϶ҪһʣʱȲ˵ʵҲ˵̫ٵļٻ
ƭһ˼򵥣ƭʮ˻ҪԽġ⼸߲ݵؿôħ޵ԴҪԽ½ԲҵѾ˺ϵڣҲʵеƣ
ؼǣ̫Ըƭˡ
һʦʦǶѾ˱ʦֺ伸׼ȴλƽܶ࣬һ˵̲סԪģĬ䣬ⱻĴʦ֣Ȼһ̬سĬƬ̣ȻİһƱ
һʦЩԼͬؽš
ʦ֣˵ģܳʱӦÿķ羰õʱ䣬޵߲Сڣ⵶ⶼؼ䣬˵ſžƾءһλʦ鲻ԽڣԽ˵ԽСܣܲܳ
ʱһüëûʲô飬ĵȴӿĶ֮⣬˵⻰ʱֲ֪֮б䣬˭뵽飬ǿصƿһ壿
ţȴŶ˵֤𣿡
λʦһ㶣ֱԼĶ䡣
û뵽ʦȷʵԸԼ˵Ļ
Щ޿ͷԳܽβĴʦõתһȦǵû͵͵뿪ԺԽתԽ󣬾ȻŴʦӢƽʱҶ࿴ѿڶʦ㡢ޡ
ʱ·˵ʲôؽӹʦõĻͷܺãޱûУȻûУ㷽˵޻̸֮
ĩˣһתȻôջȥΪʦ֣ȻֹΪǣǱˡ
ʦʦһƬ
ʦۣĵʱۣҵ˼Ҳǳ˽۹ȥ˳ٰڽ۱߶࿴Ÿǵ·⣬ءؾͳԼˣ
֪˽ۣǵԪʯȼϣҪȼյĿɾԼĵԪˣ
Ѿ̤ΨҲҪһЪһҹ˷ܵһȺϾ¾ȵĵ˵ΪǺ
֪ˣ˴ʦ֣·Ǯʵڰ󣬴ʦֻҲԼǮϹĶʲô
ͷɬҪ˵ʲôʦѾʩʩȻų˽ۣԼһԾϣɢڱӦ㹻˴˵ٴӸ߿ջףһۣŸʲôϰ

Ȼ֪ͬĳλĴʦü
λҪظȴ۵Ĵʦ֣Ҳ֪һʮһصظҲùܼԲʦá
Ƥٻ׷ȥԪ׿ݼſڣӲ˵һż
ݸ޸һۡէ͵ҪƹŲܿ츻̡
ŵСͶ·ĪľϰΪ޻δ³ʱ򣬱Ѿڸһȥ֪ͨݸһȥĸһʹ˸ɫʱлС˱˲ŵĳ䡣
ȵ̤ŵʱһ޳еĹԲСѾֹվűߣٳ¶һõ˼ĵЦݡȫЦݻͲܴ˫۳гһԷ
λҵİ㣡ϲ㣬ϲ㣬˵Сһӻˮ䣬һຣأúúöغأСԲش޿Ҿһӣ˫ֵһ嵥飬ٴĿҪٲӿҪûˣ
ɨһۣӹ嵥һ㡰ৡչϳ׶೤ùСϸϸܵд֡
ǰʦһԣͤʯ޲Tľ峵
̫ʮظʯһ˪ѩ÷һ衭
ǧѰϣдģȻһžϸŵĹ嵥
ϵ߶µ뻻µĿǵݸ֧öȶ棬úɰȦ˸
޵ĿǸаλʱһ˫Ѿ쵽ǰϵ㰡ҪҲˣ¡
⾰ʮأȫҳԺöȫҪȥ޵һ˳еһϹܼҴüĿС۹۱Ǳǹģûκ¶ɫ
Ҳɫ糣ȻĿԾ㲻ϸֻͷβɨһۣҲѾ֪߰˰ˡ
ָ̧ںɰԱߵ˵㣬˽ӡ㸡档嵥ۺãݸԱߵȺʱ˵Ĺܼңԥһ£ǵ谡嵥ֶöֽҲˣҲɡ
⻰Ǳκ¶Ҫզһ
Ȼܹ󣬵ǶֽǶڵɮڵƣǷ˵۸ѷһȴҲǴ󸻴˼ҲҪʡõĶǡҲˡɵعߵģ
Ȼ⻰üͷ΢壬ʱɫ㣬˵˶ٱˣڼּҵ˼Сڴļѵݼҵ֮λѾˣõĳһûߣֵܲÿ佱ƥʵԺᣬ´ΰ㻹ǹƥƥɡ
Щ޴С˲֪ٱ顣
һʼڼ游ϥͷǱվڸ׵ǰû뵽ҪԼ׵ܵ׷
㣬㿴ҵĺȦ㿴СС;ͿʼȵŨ裬ÿ̰ڲҹ׬ôǮΪʲôĳ˵һֺɸֵζΪ㻨۵ֵܽÿԷֵҿɾֻ㣬ɲܲڵٶȣ㻨ûû׬ÿ죬ôУ
⻰۴ǸǶ˵ʵǻƵý˵ֱ׳쾭壬Ҳú޲ɫġ
һطܵͷúúã򡱣һЩ㱵ؾ߶ЩΥС
ٽɵ뵽СԼûѧᣬֻһǮı£ǲʳ˼伲࣬ҲѹԼظˣѶûֻһƢõҲʵ̫ˡһۡ
ˣɵ̾˿
ʱȻֹʮֽҵǵؿޣ㣬ôͻȻ̾ˣ̫𣿲زңҵĻֱӶִһˡȵȣ˵ôͻȻˣ˭𣿡
̧֣ԲȴָмõۿԼѱΪСүСүԼºܵ΢΢ΣЦЦȷʵˣοҪ໨Ǯ
㣬Ƕ࡭ٵ㣿۾һʵ
֪ģұи¶ˡ޵˵ʵԭΪЩ࿼ľϰǶβأ˭֪ǾȻֻǡСǮҪٶ໨˼ܱҪ࣬ܶ㡣
ϳɵЦһǵȻˣϿɴûβ飬ֻиĲࡣ
䣬ĸŭӷȴңң𣺡ȻѾصԪи󱾾쾭壬ôѵǸĻ黹Ȼ;
ȻѾ֪˴ǰظ顣
޵ڶ࣬ɽ֮ȣһ޵֮֮أοŴɡҲƷΣ˭ŷʱü֮ܲɫ
ȻֻΪݷ˵šֵʱ˵ޱȻޱ˳ޱȻҺ޾ɫĩβһۡ
ţʲôأϾظˣҪֶָҲֻʣաҵҪó١һصĸĸԸ̬ȻڵסԷ軹Ҫ΢һЩȱͲСĸ߳һͷĸ󣬾ȻӲӺݻ૚Գ˼ֽС
ݸ˼Ƭ̣ôԭĴϣټһ
ĸüõһﹻɡ
ݸ޵Ƿ˻Ǯе
ͬʱޣȴ¶һԴȻЦݣʵԵݡ
ݸڣУҲͣҲӲ
ʲôط
䶼֪ظĺɽһС¥һ
ȫе޵֮Ҳ֪ظǰɽ£һоŰپʮŽ̨ƶϵݡ
ͨͨʯʯף̨ЩӲҰȥеʯ׶û
˶֪̤ݱû˻ͷ֮·
Ҫôһ·֮ϣƶˣֱС¥Ӵ˳ΪС¥¥״ӡ
Ҫô̤ͬϹʯ̨׵һ
ʧããƺ֮УѶ
С¥ֻܹӣǼ֮ǰЩС¥ͽҲʮ
ɵ¥ˣ֪
̫˵ҰӰһ˵ݣʮǰ˵и˴ӤݣѶ
ǰ˵ݣɼԼѡ·ڡ
ɾȻӤҲᱻɣԵС¥ȾһĮɫʡ
ڣ˵Ҫݡ
ĸȷӦɿز⣺ҲȻټӵ㣿
ݸͰ͵ӡӵͼӵ㡣
赽׵ܵܣͼȰ㣬ǾôʣҲǲܵǣֻǸԣҲδðȷ𣿡
ɲǵĻһûáԡ
ĸݸͬʱĬ
úȻĸȿڵˣ
ףˡ
·ǣµ;ϣĸһ˲˲ʵ
΢΢˱ۣʱԼĸЦЦظһ飺ֺ͵;ʲôأٲܡ𣿰ԡ
ĸõעú󣬲ڸƴЦһãȻԣǱԡݼŮʲôԷȥݱȥǣϲϵȥô֪
˶٣˼ΣٲǸôĵطҲҪȥ
۾΢ͷȴҲ΢ɬ
õļˣԼʲôǰһΣԶƺ֧
Ц˵ǡңȻҪһ㣬Ǿٶһˡ磬ʮ
ûǮգ۵ݴС˵һСǮжࡰ󡱣ݡ󡱣ټʮֻǶôӴһ֣
κ˼ҶԻȫ¶Ϊ֮ɫĻݸҲһЧ
ĸݸ͡
СӰҪݵľлعһ˴ԼҲŬԼЦĴǮȥˣСǮʡһʡҲǲԣȥɶֽ
˶٣̲סֻزһ䣺Ǹ׼ʲôĴۡҶѾʼͬˡ


6 
һݸѾɵȻת
ν㣬ȻҪ˶죬ظипܻḺСÿһλϰʦĸϲ˺һᡣ
鱦ʯԪʯˮһʳȥѶݼճľ޴ϰΪһεĴֱʻʮλ˷̲סզ˼
յ˷Сѧͽûһֺܸô㣬ԥΣǿʵʦҲûŮģҲ̫˰ɣ
Ӧһ۵Ѿݸ˷ʮ꣬뷢΢׵˷΢٣˵֪ݸΪ꣬ȻȻ޸һеã˶ȴ˶µġ㰡̫ˡ
˷СѧͽƶǶֻګګ˵ͷټȥǰ̣ȴЩãȻ
õ˼ôѵֻݴС㹻ᡱСүá
ҪĻϾȻֺ£
ңǮѵӦֵ

֪ݼͭζأҲֱ֪ɵСԺȤתָ䣬̧ۿԼǰˣҲʹˡ
˶٣ȻҲʹֻһ˵ЩҲòΪԭҵ˼𣿡
ҪΪѱˣȴƫ˵ǡòΪѣ˵ֱ׳ԼԲΪ֮ʵĲ
ǰ뷢΢ףЩϣЩǣǸɢޣǸͻƣ꣬Ҫȥɢޡˣһ˫ȴһɲǳĺ֮˵ĺݾͽթ
ס΢΢ۣ˷ġ
ǺסٿЩҪģͶ·òҵͷһ·㣬жЩ¡
ҪƾĸȻждһ񣬡ĳţ⼿֪һԸһʮС´ࡣ
ĸͲˣûôĶӡ˺ϵһָаҩС
ҩ裬г˳ԳɫԥؽҩУҩݼ̼˱仯Ԫػ֮УΥչüۣ鲻Խͷ֮
ȴѾһĨ֮ɫʧԭء
һλ׷ͯյ̲֪ʱ˷ſڣ΢΢Ҫɣ벻ЩѾ׼ˣ
վֱ壬һ񣺡ȷʵҪһЩŵǮ򵥵飬ĳǡóСĴۣĲȡ档·

ǮѰļල£ŰƥŵƱ׼·̲ס̾һ谡ʲôʱҲܸͬһǮʵ̫࣬ô׬ǮٶȵĿա
ֵԿǣԷʮֲضԼ˿¶˿ʱõЦݣ֪࣬ٽиСĻͺ⡣
Դ̽ͷѹ˼䡣
СԼţ㣬ģڡ¶ҰԲ̧۳ּܿʲôģû˱Ҹ졣ֻǡ
˶٣׻ǿڵ㣬һΣһҪʵ㿴ȻΪһҲ֣ô࣬ҲһҪ֮·ȥظʵǶƶƽ𣬶ȶȼ٣㹻ˡ·̫ˣʵ밢ôġ
޾ؿ衣
ǰСʻ鶯»һȦΣȫûм̳еĸޣССѾͭζ޵Ŀȴеĵǡ
޷κ˵Լһ飬ǰǰѾ㣬ͷ趼ʮȻ΢֣ȴҲޱȡ
ǰû˼һΣβףǾ޸֮ңٶĻԺд͵޵ǰҲһָ䡣
磬˵ףʵվǿ˭ȭͷ
ݸĸβ
ʹһΣڵ֪ǿӲصλ˵ʱȴȻԥվ
̳޵ݼѪ⣬ԲˣÿһҪһɢƣһƣϢſɱΪߣȴ³á
ǧȥһҲѾȥࡣ
Ҳ࣬ݣҪʲôġ
Һڲ¥ĹžҲҺĿ
ܳһ֧ĹžȻּѾǿдˡݿɸ
¥顣
˵˵ǰֻǸ˵Ļôڣ֪ȷʵаֽֽ֣صؼ¼
Ѿҹ취仹б·ߣҲѡһݡ
úǰһֻ֣ȥԿ·Լܲͨ
ԿԼܸܲıʲô
Ц
ЦʱٱҲ֮չݹչ㼫ʢǧҲпǧ򣬵ߣȴֻʣɴЦһ䣺һȥأ
ĬƬ̣ٿЦãǾԡȥĽҡ
ۿŰƥʧ贽ߵЦȥλʮ壬ѾˡСү֮ƵСү̧ӣĨĨ۾
һֵ°ͣ˳
ÿ㱨һνչ𱾾Ͳ۾ס΢Ѫ˿ЦһҰ㶼¶˾ˣȻҪƯƯҵҪá
Σ̤ٵؽת˲ǸԨ
ǻδǣȻѾĿĵأһʱ֮䲻ЩãȻɻ󣬱ȥʳʱ˼ƽʱһͼꤣôھȻʳ
վո࣬ظŷ֣ŦҲȻҲŶӡ
ŶӵУеظӵǳصۣϻЩ糾֮ɫȻǲųϣ´˵ڶյиС
ҲһЩҪظŮн»һ֪Ǹӵܵġ
һɨĬ߹ȥڶβվڻԼǰǴиС֮ǰǷдʢʱмӿ
ǰɲǰɣһиСȻҲôǧǼǣҪҪ
㣬һоϾģԼɴŲ𣿷ҪظΪ˿ǵĿ𣿡
Ϊ˼ǳظ˼ǳС¥۵ģ˵ҲЦҲǴʦֲڣԲǸС˿ӣĪ˾Լ껹ʲô᣿ѵԼǰǰһٵˣ
ɾͲˣ˵С¥С¥ظظ󣬵ظ˶ɲС¥۵Ϊ˱Լҵⶪˣֻĵ㶮ҵ˼𣿡
һ˹ͣټ룬Ȼ¶Ȼı飺˵ǶԼûгͷ֮գ᲻С¥۵ģģѵǾлˣ
ʮֿŵЦ˿ԼЩѾ˵µǵıĺų⡣
һŶӵµǵɫʮѿһλŮ޿̵ôѵûлᣬˣ
ûУͲˡƤЦҿһûС
Ůһţŭ㡪
Աһɫ԰׵ǰһסŮǼӱһ񣺡ңɽʱǼλ˵ȥֻ۵̨ˡ
΢΢һ㶡
ղŻ䳰ȷļѾ¶˼ɫ
ңɽʱظһ֣ٲŵʮŵļʱ
Ц˵ѵԼǰǰһٵˡӵɫ΢䣬ѾʶŵԼĽϣ뵽ԼӵݣʮԼҲ򲻹һ֮ˣɫʱסЩ
ԱŵļʱüЩȻҲֳϣԼõĶչɿ죬ܿ͵˵Ӳ¿˿ڡ
ңɽǸʱǸղŸǾǸЩüʱϣ
˵ǸΪûг֣δ¼ڰ˹ƹʮ
˻˵һͻȻһֲԤУظɢиСҲҪʼھ˭֪ôһϣ𣿡
ӦһƬ΢źãȻҡͷ
ˣӡġ
ļǾԺظûйϵ
һΣΪĳЩٴ룬ֱӻӵص˴˴С¥۵βʹһЩ˵Ĺ켣ȷʵƫơ
ϲı仯
Ϊ˵һ飬ֻ޹ؽҪĽɫҲȷʵǿԸıһЩġ
һȵʱŷֵ֣ڴ˵λʦ־ȻЩ졣
ʦá̸ľƵݸˣѹҡ˵һ㴫ԡ
Ŧվ˴ӣ֮ʱ벻дССĶУֻҪЩϢٸ֪ˣδһǷǵĸоһ˵ʱҲƵĻ￪ͷ̸ЩȻԺ˶
ڿǰʧӰȫûע⵽̸һȴҲ̲סЦһʵʲôѽ
䲻ȷУʦйء٣ʦԼ𡣡̸˵Ӷʦ㶼Թԡ֪ԴͷӺζ𣬵⼸գҶ˵иСĿб䣬ȷʵ˲ٸĲſٲ˻ռȥһЩ֮ʦõġ
˵޺ȴѾˡ
Щмض̸˵ͷĿڶԷϴӶЩ׵ĵ϶˶٣ջߡ
Ŵ˵ص󣬲Ÿصʱ򣬱ѾһżЦ
Ӵⲻ˺޶λʦЩ˰ԼȴҾܾԼⱲΨһһһĻᣬ治֪Ӧ˵Բ۸ֵͣвҲˣȫӱۣμиСǲʲ壬޳


7 
յܺãһ·˵֮־Ⱦ˪̡
ͷϵıʯĹԵø貣תͷĶЩ۵Ĺâ
ųԼŮԱرĹһ۾ŮվһļжĪ˸ŭ֮⡣
ҶΪиС˴οƵı仯ǽ˺üգʼٸߵ޾Ȼûһ˼ױ
ҲˣôҲӦһЩ֮⣬ôܻôߵشôƯʯͷأֱҫң޵֮˶򣬵׻ûһˣ
ѹҪĻ顣һĿ¶֮ɫѵֶ֪𣿱Ƿ޵磬ҲûһĵŮްɣԸˣô
仰ʧ̧ۿĿ
͵غ˰벽ȻŷӦԼȻԼԲŮһ۱˰벽ɵøգ㡭㿴Ҹʲô
ȴֻǿһۣջĿ⣬ǰȥ
λȴΪĺԺĬʼԵŮһǰյޣں˵
ڶס˽Ų̧ۣԭǺ˵һΪ㵥ҡ
·ŮдǻǴĳһ֧Ϊ¶޵츳ңȫ¶ߵýȵҲѸ齨ԼС壬°ЩҲ˸˵ʲô
ƫƫ죬λƢõ޲ܲãƽվǰ˵Ļȴ·һ
ûѵ𣿣
ôôֱ׵˵
ۣûһ仰޾Ѿҵ·ѵǾûûҪվɣ
ڷӦޣ㡭㲻ʲ壡޳ܣ
ղùˣҲˡƽ㻹бҪ˵𣿡
һϡ
ޣ֪֪иСΪ˿ʽĵͨʲ󣬼ͨС˳и󡣵ΪС¥ѾõĵӶĽǿżߣҲˡЦ޵ΪҶƤǺ죬ǰһ廰ҽ͵ùޣǷӦΪɵһге
޸ո׼ǰĽŲֱͣ
ʵĲ̫ǡ
ǰܹӿ񶾿̱ĳЦ̶ֳָȵĵʺͿͷʱļûʲôʶԱһôĴʻ㴢ʵڲߡ
ؼǣѾµˣųϢȫĵáҲλ˵ֱ֮һ
ʵǲеġ
Ȼڲ̫׼ŹҪ˵
ֻܿرдš֣šͬ꣬еϿҵʵãӦóеʲô
֣ʵЩҶıԹ˵еĻӦǣ΢ֵޱżۣ޵ȥӣû뵽޾Ȼᷴһ䡣
ӦáӦá֣ŽƬ̣뵽ԾĴ𰸣֪ܣӦ˳οԣС¥ΪʲôҪи󣡡
֪ҵƢʵܺãҲǰ˵һλ޳ĬƬ̣ͻЦһ
֣ͻȻӿһصĸо
ʵ˭ָ֪ĳйߡ
ϸȥ룬һޣȥƿڴС¥μʲôС¥۵ռҪҪ˺޶ΪĿ˭
˶ڵ޻ҪڽһԹ۵룬΢ʾҲǲȰһȰϾиСڼġҪĵҲڿţԼڲìܣȷʵ̫ÿ
һ̣ȴ΢ֵԲŮǰһֺ̧ݺݵظ֣һƣ
ž
һֻѣȴһǵеӶͬʱٿ
ʲô£˦˦֣Цת䣺㣬һ˵İƶ㲻ѹֻẦиСĿνо𣿼Ȼô£Сһ£㲻ȥ׼ңĵ㣬Ըˣôվ
ǰѸղ֣ųЦĻԭⲻ˦˻ȥ
֣ɫ˽Ŀ޹⡣һɲѾظڽֹ˽ĸ棬ʶߵĽϣԪתһ̱Ҫٽϣ
һβͲݲ֪ʱش֣ŰСϡ
֣־ӲԭأĽѾ˰磬ȴֱһβͲסȥƣҲס˵Ԫת
ӿĵԪס֣ѪӿҪһѪһֻļйػλʦ֮ܰǰǲظĻһҲǲŶ
԰գβͲָ΢΢ת˸ЦⰻȻʦ롣
֣ȵѪͷһ̶Ѿ
ֻеӲذҪ³Ѫ˻ȥһѪ³ˣأʵϢƬ̣Ҳ͹ȥˡ
ʻȥڽϢת
һֻԼ֪пԣȷԷǹģΪ֮
䵱ЩӲתͷһеġƯӢʱ
󡭡ʦ֣֡Щ͵ôˣ
ҲˣֻǡøոպʹҴӶɽڻۻδأÿҪνѡʱȻżɢڼɺϵʱϸ΢˵ٸʵGˣʦ⽣ҪǲҪ
֣ţ
Ҳܳ
˲ǹµĴʦ֣ҪɶԷǲǹʳѿˣ
һ˶֪ʦָʱ࣬һʦʦôȥɽڵħȥˣۣɽڵشϣǸЩʵСɣҲظһγ١
˿̼ʱ˶𾴵񣬴ɨһޣ͵͵һ۴ʦ֣ĵ椵мȻǡøϴʦ·֣Ÿղĳ˽Ҫù
֣һǳˣҲضҪظһиСľֶʱˣա
ţǸղѹס֣ŽĹβͲͻǰһ¡
͵ػع
ȻСڻǴϱҳͼ˴޼ҵļλӦó֮ΪԶøļλԱ֮ΪšͬҫڶŴʦʵƯùֵʱ򣬴̲סЩ΢΢졣
Ȼһ̣ϵĺڸʱﾡȥ˲԰ס
ҵҲȥΡʱȻǷɢĪĴޣǻǵĴޣ
ԭأе˼ɽˤ˸۴⡣
һ˵ģеĽġ
Ļէһƺ˵ȥǣ޼ҵˣȴû
ʵϣֺ˵ΪУմޣڸǴ޼Ҷ
ɸʱɫϵʣֻں棬仰
һʱ֮侹Ȼ֪òô𣬸ô
ȻʱҲû˼԰ձüܿһȦԭֵĵҲ֪ô£ȻʱЩ˼װԼֻ·ɢȥ
֣źʹһۣƽʱҲ۵ˣȻӶԷп˼ĪͬҲҧʱˡ
׻Ƕס˽ŲЩĵزͷҡҵգǻǵǸޡ
ʱͷûأֻءŶһǴ޼ȷʵʮֿˡ
˫ۣЩл㱵ϸƷ仰˼
Ĵ
ܾԼǱɳӰɫˣû֤ݣ
ȺɢȥһָʱҲڿֺһֱδһʵϡ
ͫܺڣһ˫һƺǴЩɢЦ⣬ɫȻ͵ģϸȥʱȴܾϵУ˶ƶˡ
ڿ޵ʱ򣬾ƶ֮ͻȻһ̤˵ϡ
ԲŮϵıʯĹȻЩۣʱȴȻؽĿ棬ɫרע·ڿʲô鱦
елĻĿɢŸʱĿ˰죬ȴֶԷĺƾֻڿͷϵıʯ
Ƭ̣Щ̲סˣ̧ЩԥԼķΣȷûбҲȷûͻȻһŶֵĿȱЩԥʵʣʦ֡ڿʲôͷʲôÿ𣿡
ܲڿķɣ
ʱĿϣȻŵڵ´αˡ
ޣ
еûӦʱȴѾתˡ
޿ŸʱͦεıӰ⽫Ӱ΢ĳ΢΢ζٴĽ
ʱʦظҲҪܸһӦ񣬴˴δӶɽڻҪȥ˷һʱ䱾ѾʮֺˣϾҲ
ֻǡʲôǱˣ
޺Ƭ̣е㱵ز뵽˵Ҫ֡
ǣ֣ʲô
ЩԵǰȥͻȻ
Gȵȣ˵л


8 
ǻѻԼԺġ
ŻҪ˵Ҳֽһţ򿪿һ۵˼ûС
䲻ĵذѻԼϵķֽ棬ٴӱʼһֻʡ
ֻֽʮͨⱦЩһ֣ϸ·΢΢˸ȻǸܵ޵ĵԪҸ˻Ӧ
軨˴۸ҵģȻδܴõȻϡ֧Ϊɢ˪ıٵдʺ
ް֧װǬһֽȥ̤ţԼԺ
ѾõȥƣΪӣ֮ǰҲҪȥѧãϰٵġ
ظûΪ඼ͨӶѧã˵ѧƯĵط
ѧɽ¡ϰڿһjƻҶϸһ΢ҶȴҲӰ涣Щѧһ㣬еķҲֻǿҵ֮ڣ֮⡣
ʹиѰĵѧһ⣬ҲǼҫ飬ظǧڣܱߵǳʵҲȡ
ظģǷë֮ˡ
ϰûƫһѧһƬӣȴԼѾֳСȦӣһѾ޵֮·űߵģһǻ֮ġ
ȻǰһȦΪб䣬ҽޣȻӭѾ壬ȻҲںһȦӡ
ƿŵʱѧﶼһ˲
һ˲־ֻһΣٺƴЩ⡣
˴ǰС̨ϵһĻ˶֪ʦ·飬Ҳ֪ò˵ãڣȻѹʲôҲʱʱЩƮ޶Уȴûֱ׵վǰơ
˵𣿴ʦȥɽһ˶նħޣҲ̫ǿ˰ɣǲƾˣ
ûƾĴԣʦӦںϵڣֻǲ֪Ǻϵһиı͸¶ʦʮϸ񣬻س̶ѹģǿ·һҪ״λʦ㵱ƾˣ
Ǵʦ֣ɷѿģıԶǰ˵ʮĺϵڣ½Ҳɣ
һƬԴʦֵĽڳ޺ԱĿĽ֮⣬ֱӿʼвɵûһʱǰĻԼԼǰļ䡣
һͻȻЩȻط֣ԼǰȻƺ͸ʱûʲô
ôҲ˵һ仰˵ʲôʲôȫտҲ
Ȿһֵ顣
Ȼܹһۿظ䷱ɬͼȻǰһֱڲﳭ鼮Ի䣬ǹĿһмҲ̴档
ƽӴȷʵϡ٣Ҳڵĳ˼ȫӡĵز
ҽģǱ顣
оͷûԼϵʱôйԼһжᱻģֻаֽȷʱļҲ֮
дڲôӵԼļ䡣
оͦġ
ڳͻȻصһӡ
ޡѹЩݺݵؿΪʦְһΣܰڶΣҲãǴʦڣѾ֣һˣ
ԼڳʵϾղ֣ŰһƣŭٽʱѾʧȥǣ³ĽȻɢңȴ㹻ѣֻ¾ޱزܱܿ
̧ͷʱȴƽЦЦʵ𣿡
Ѳ㻹ʲô֣ƾ㣿㶣źޣСȷʵס㣬֪μӵ˶ǣΪӹξû´ˣţ
գգۣŴıӰһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪ԷԼģԼġ
룬ϰ̤һվѧĽ̨ϣԭӵѧöʱྲ
ѧȻҲǷְģ಻ָߵͣÿ඼һλʦרŸ𱾰еڿҵз顣
˵ʦҪϰҪԸһ㣬ڻͼ˵ʦĺϵѾƿȵţ˷ΨĽ𵤾磬𲢲
ڰ༶İʦһλЦСͷʦȻһǳɫʽۣȴҲΨԶֱۣҲ
ʦıܹΪ֣һüͷ壬һüͷ΢塣
ʱ˿̣߽Ĺʦüͷ壬Ȼ鲢á
ʦ鲻õʱ򣬽ĿαɬκҵҲһЩע⵽˸һ顣
ͣٵļ϶УʦĿͣʮΡ
ÿһ֮ͣСͷӵüͷ͸֡
زˣ޵ȻҲѾףʦ鲻ѶԴԼȻҲҪԼ¡
ԷſκӲĥ䵽ͬ뿪ѧãƹѧãȻ˵Ĺʦ
࣬ȹҶ΢Цһȴûѹʦһ̾
Сͷǵؿޣٴ˴Լûĺӣ˿ԼͶƶڽֱǽɹ̫յͷӣظɷǵİʦ
Ȼųʹ˸ɫһһپôҶ±ȥ
ʦ֣΢űÿһ̤úǰٶȴҶҲ飬ȴûκγ
ôżʦ̤ĳͻȻʵ
޳ĬƬ̣̣ȷʵЩżؼǣżĻľҪˡ
紵𹢰ʦϡϡȴִŵؾһĺӣ޵ĻһԲǰ˼һҶѾ͸˵ͣ˽Ų̧ͷҶٿŭٿҲôö֮ػ¸ң֪ǸСҼ˶Ǯ𣿡
ǡ´͵һ㣿룬Ͽҵ
صǵ͵صǻ¸ô¸ңұ˾ٱ˿ô죡СͷһˣǲҼŮɲóЦңʦתӵ۵
ĵ˵ˣҲûհһŵʦصǣûˡ
ʦһ㶡
û˵˼ǡеģҶСôҲҪинϰͰʦһѶˡ
ʦһŭʢ֣ޣǮûˣݼҼǧǮҲСôӻģŶͣݼһи벻𣿣
Ǯȷʵܶ࣬ʱҲȷ޴ɻĸоҲӻĶ̣һ취𡣡һشе⣬Ȼڹʦŵıܴ󡣡
ʦϵıȥƺ޵˼;ģȴ׻ЩŭȻʱŭѾԴ޵Ǿ䡰޴ɻһ˦ҵĵӣ㬵ڣǰ˵ˣǮҲˣҲҹܡǮҲܲ£ֻһ
޿ŹʦﳤȥıӰ׷ʵʲô£
סСһΡ
˶٣ʲô˰֣Щͷزժݵʱ˵Ļɲ¡
һİʦѣ˼Ҳûκεȫ²ⶼǺϵϾȻȺҿԱΪ˵ĵӴ´࣬״һȻЩأϿθɢЩʦüͷ壬ȷʵҲû˵ʲôƲԸȺЩĵӡ
˿̣ʦ˵סСʱ򣬴ŵ·𱻿һĲģȴַ˵һƽƽС¡
ʦʧһ̤صʱ򣬾ظеƬĹȵײɺߡ
Сͷ֪ĶһС£һ֦ôӽˮ
ϹأʮˣйϹ𣿡һ
Ұţɺ߷ֻйʦһ˵ӰǵȴڼҿҲˣƺܳǶӵݽˮ
Ҳûʦ˴ӣ͵㲻ң˻𣿡
Ҫңʮ꣬ҳ˸ͷӣЦһȥϸֱ棬ȻǴӺ״ģ˵СѾͷУ
ƨ¡ʦһ䣬е΢΢𶯣ٿźȥҾԡ
ľȴð˼ŹֵݣٹЦһϹġ
ȥȥȥ˭Ҫġʦͷݵָ˴֦ͣ˶٣ٿʵʲôģ
СѾͷҪУһ²ҲðݣҪǲУ죿
ʦˮгСһһڵȥ
G߰ͷǲ治ôʮ㻹ӣˡҼӵעһѰ

̷á
ȥʱűߣɢǲͷÿĶħȥʰ̯ӣһڵһϡ
ϣĿϣһǻصĹѼɤų˴һֻë춥ظİ쵴˸ʱͷٳ̷Ц˼ٿҽһſڱģĸ۵ĸҳүë
첻ëˣҶʫ϶һ̵ëĿͷ
жĵһȻԼͷϵƯͷëǹǶͺʱ⣬ʱ̻ԼѾӿߵ໰鲻ԽΪŶͷëٸŵóסԼͷô㣬㲻Ҫѽ
ʱһ¶βͣҪߡ
ҶʫءŶһľָ䷢һ죺ֵĵصǳ𡣶Ҽǰһ޵ʦһȥơ
ʱͣס˽Ų
ҲôҪֻȥȡݣĻôһ̤أ̤ȥˣƫƫĽأ㣬ôɺϣȥˡҶʫ˸Ƿ
һ̣ǿľѾɵشϳˡ
ǷһΡʱ
Ҳã˵ҸлʦãôöһأҶʫɵ
治ã
Ҷʫ΢΢ü˵Ļзڹ𣿲еˣһ뻹˵ȥȴѾˣ
ʱüĿ룬Ƕĳţܺá
ĺɫͷëʱըֻҲվڸʱͷ궯ֵֿŤ
ޣ۵ЫŮˣ쵰򣡻Ķүë
Ҷʫ
һҪǹĵë
ʱľƣתҪߣҶʫͻֿڵˣҪǰɱˣҲҪŶ
ʱĽŲ˶٣ɢܺԼ

ӵһ·ظľ룬վڸԨеʱһ޹ȴûдӻǮ·
ȷʵ̣ʱ·ʱټҲ뻨һЩʱ䡣
ϸһԼ飬Լеǰ˱ȶԣȷԼû©ʲôϸڣŴǬͳһ֧ʡ
ɢ˪ʣԪϸϸתٰ˱˳һ˲ɢߡ
Щߵ״ܹ֣߱Ϳǧ򻯣ȴ˹⽫۵غŤ
ִʵֺȣߵ˱۾˿ûȥԼ߾ģΪΣͷϸܵĺɫҲ𽥲԰ףȴʼûͣʡ
дͨһʱԼе΢ĳɨһۣҲδϳڻʲô
Ϊһ˲һ˲ػԼһƳظͼ
֪ԼҲţʶʲô飬ҪԼٶһ顣
ԣھ쵽Լǲǰ븵ʱͬʱ޾һֱ˼
˻Ǳй֮⣬һֿܡ
᲻ᡭʱԽԼǰļԽ
ǵͣݼҴɻѵǮõҩõңҲٰҳһΨ
ܡ
֪Լ᲻ҲһݼʧΣʱ䲻ˣܵȡ
·أظĴȻӦķ֮һڻʣѾܽӴߵȼķ
˵ʵҲķɵģȻɣȻҲ²𿪡
Щ֮ǰҪĵȻǼסЩ
ʧΨ岻ƭԼ
ֻ׾İ취һһЩ·Լı¡
һд˳ǧ飬Ǹʲô˼ʲôӺζձʵʱȴҲܹʶдǸ
ųķ򼲳۶ȥ
ԲŮµķ֧飬ϲ£ֻܱ֮ΪŤ
ƺѾǿ֮ĩҲƺһ̾Ҫ¡
ȴʼûͣ
ֱЩɢҡ塢һ˲ɢУôһӰ̣ɢڳķֽϡ


9 
ظڵɽ¸Ԩȥʵ㣬ûг
ȴҪհ룬ܵظ֮ĳ
޵ҪȻ֣ԭ޵ߣ󲿷ʵͨͨķˡ
ǧǰ֮ʱһɽȷԼʼʵʱɵѪΪģԹŴΪԼ˻Ρ
ν˵˻ĺ֮䣬оŸǣе޵磬Ÿڴͳ֮¡
ĳ̶ֳΪԼ޵֮ݺϣֻ˵Ϊ˱ĶҲлһЩԭ֮֮غް
ǵбķڷֽϵʱ򣬾ӸԨѾȥһҹ
۾
еɫ԰׵ɫһƣ˿һˮͿԿԼĳصǳɫȥ¶ԭصͫɫ
żܱΪķֽ
ν⣬ǹģԱܽġ
һжмѭЩۼջĳֹɣĳֹԣٱĳ˫۾ġ˲֪ãŻͻȻзЩ쳣
ٲ֪£Щ¼ܽűԱΪĴڡ
ܹۼĴڣٱ¼ʱȻɿÿһ·ɱϣô޴˿ֽϵһأ
ӡ֯ţ˲ɣ޻һΣҲܻһģһġ
ޱЩȴ㹻صؽŷֽϸһᡣ
˼Ƭ̣ὫһĴƿһǡ
۹һƬ̵ľ룬ȻѾҪӽˡ
޵Ԫãʶȴǿ̽һ̽ģڷȷ˴˴̺ڴ̽ͷŬŬڴС̽˰ӳ
ܷ´ιӶʱһҪѡġ
޶ŷ磬ޱر룬ָ̧ŻŵķʼעԪ
Ԫת˷ֽҵһŷߡ
ָŷǳ˷ϣѸŸ߿նȥ
ƾ罫ԼͷҴɢ̧ͷĿתؿŷֽȴŷֳԼò

ʱȻ֪ѾҪˣĳصӻͳǮȴַ˻ȥѡ
һ˳ȥҲǰʱ䡭
ϾҪͻƵΨˣǰƽĽϰڽǰ棬ͷïʢĺɫͷë紵ȥ֮ңȴֹֻʰ쵵ੲݵĹѼ͸ģ˴Žģ
ƨ¡ʱڽϣһڿ㣬չ
ޣүүɲʲôԵģҪĶɲҪָңֺػһ³¶ëﱦʯɫƯ𣺡ϴγԵǸ棬ȥԺӣ̫ʹˣ
һ̣͡ٺ١ЦЦС֪Ķ𣿡
ʱŹŵĶͻȻǲˣû㣬ҲкܶСŶӵȷԡԼû˸߹㣬ϵɫЩ۾Ȼ㻹ǿһҵĽ飬Ⱦͳһһɫ
һҭûϵʱһ硣
˶٣źйغޡ붼Ҫ룬ҶҪ̺죡
Ÿʱƽʱһȴءסһ
һ̣֮еķɽٿͣ⧲Ĳȣֻ񶼱Ʒ
GԲۣʱҪʲô½ҲҪ˵һһ߼УһͷĺëΪȫը˿Ҳ֪Ϊʲôžô໰
ܿ죬ͱ졣
Ϊһŷ·ƾճֵķڰתһȣȻͷغϡ
ЩϤķӷϴȻ۾һ塢Щôֵ[]໰
һҵıըȻ
Ⱥɽ뻷˼䣬Աը㹻ʱȻ˻ټ˲ڶ
ЩȻȻ֮һͷǻ뿪·ֳװ·
ԼӷоЩըЧԲѡ̵ֻĵطȴû뵽ֳôĶ
ֻûӻͳƱͻȻʲôɫĶ
һſȥ·ս˵Ĳ壬ȻһԶ״
һ
һŽʵģƯĽ
ȻǽŽʣ׼أսĲϵͬһʱ䣬˰Ӷڳȥ޵Կϡ
ȥǰһ˲ֻüðһͷ
ƣ´ΣҪĻá
۵ȻҲܵĶЩɵŤͷһۣȻ;㵵ؿ˰ĹʱЩ岻Ǽǰͣԭص
ϾۣҲǸ¶վԭغҲЩΣա
ԥһӰӰӰת˳ڣٹƬ̣ڴСڱ˻ȥ
ޣȻû˿ˣҲĿĵȥ
ֹƬ̣һָֻƯ̽˳ڳһһָصĶٰŽҲ˳ᡣ
޿ڳʮֲȻɢһأģС͵ϮңȡȾүүģףظǸ󣬾Ȼ˵үүķ죬үүӹǰһղһˡ
Ȼ߶߶ãȴȻû˴
ҲװˣЩƵطȴǿĳΨһһ鴿ϣһƯģ˿΢ҵԲŮ
ԲŮͷ׺ŶϲƯ쵱ʯɲɣúë춥ظһģһһűʯɫ
ȫûʶԼ˵Ķ
ʲô֪ԭѰٵɫ֪
ҪǰĿȴͣ˶ԷͷЩȻͻװϣЩɵؿɫЩءһضһ߶ŶԷĸʱϡ
Լʯ䶮ʲôС˹ȥѹӴʲôأҸ㰡ŮǲôֱſģҪһ㣬һ㣬öүү㣡ӦȥſڣֻһӰȺ˵ͳһ룡
ҵԨ⽣֮ǰڿ͵ģ֪ġʱȴѹûղ˵һΣֱڵȻ˵͵Ҳȫԣ׼ȷ˵⽣ȥģֱ֮߾ʣôһõĽȻȻͳҵı
գգۣͻȻʶʲô
ԣ㽣أ
ʱ̯֣¶һЩЦԷǣЩãȻı飺Ҳ֪Ϊʲôҵı


10 
޺Լĸо
ѹ飬ʵڶ֮⣬ӦֻЩͷ¡
ڲͷֻۣԼûеطۡ
ؼǣȷԼŻǼš
ǰԼǵԼӦȻʹ޷ȥ˼˭⵽ԼڵĴ΢˵㡣
ȴȫûκλӦûƿƤ
̫ˡ
۵û˼Է˵ġڡʲô˼
ʵݣȥϸƷһһҪ˵ĻԸ֮Ϊвεʹ
ǸоԼѪҺЩڼٸܵԼĵбϡĵԪЩĵԪиƤҪ˶гһƬһƬбƬ·һ̣ڵõպһζۡ
֮ǵֵݺ룬۵ͬʱеһŨĶ⡣
ܹıٹȵģ
ʱжͺܡơ
Ϊ۸ƺȫûԣĶȴһⲻôĳԵʮԣʮΡ
ȻǵöЩɵ˲ܣٲӦãڶʱ򣬳Խİɣ
ޣ
ųԽ
û뵽һ̣ѼɤӵҲЩİɣ
ޣ
ô
ں֪һģĲ롣
ôۣΪԷ˵ġڡ
пܣĺǰ˴һ죡ܺı
̫ˣֶۣ֪ŷӳȥЧһ
ˣܻǻӳȥġ
ڣҲûõʱˡ
ۣһ̾ͺˡ
ôʱ仹ûιȥ۾ͻľ̲סҪȥϸϸ׽
ԪҪϣʱѾ㹻ˣȥҪ޵·ˡ
ǿԼǰȾƽϢԼĵԪ
ԪʵϡõĲ࣬ÿһõĸⱦ
仰˵ԾԼ΢ٵԪȥϸķߵĻͿԿЩӦɴĵԪעķߣʵϸܵĵɵģֻ̫ϸܣԿ
ȥһһصԼĵԪ·
ãڵĵԪȻһصĲ״̬ȴȫĵǲ
һһ¶ԼԪĿȨ
ϸոŬһֱ۵ĵԪ΢һʹһԼһ£ٸʱ䣬Ϳ԰еĵԪ
ȻͻȻãԼʲô·ںֱײøոհȥĵԪ±
ͬһʱ䣬ǵִż˼һŷٻ˺üˣԨҲûл˼⽣ǴҪڱ𣿲Ȼٻһԣ
ޣ
֪Ϊʲô˷ͬˣ
ƫƫǸѼɤƬ̣һĵģԾԣȥҲǸ취˵һҲڻôã϶ǱƽйϵôƯɰСܲһֱôţ
ޣ
ǲҪһһϵôð
ȥҪһֱˣ
Ѿ̲סҪ໰ˡ
ʾ֭ҲûԼʲô໰
Ƭ̺󣬻һܵľʹð˼֡
ġ
ġ

ٻָʶʱǵǹ˵Ŀ
ϵʹѾɢ˴룬ȡ֮ŨŨƣ޵һӦǲ鿴һԼڵ
ȻͣڣûбղűĵԪݻ١
ȻЩ΢һȻȻƿһƤ
ǰһֻøյĿȣһ΢Ľɫۻϣ˸˴εĹ
ֻȣıǼ⣬Լʮס
ѹ˱ǣȷʵǡϵ˱ˡ
û˿ԾܾСȵջûˡѼɤӽߵǵĳĺ޳ܣСﰡٲȣɾ͹үүˣ
ȻȷˣҲôҪǵڲԶЩģҺеҹٳҾͰͷ
Ȼر졣
ޱƺˡ
ѼɤԳΡүүΪеǸָôԼԼŵıֻλ֣ȻȻǶĶ
ס
ȻھͬʱԼƵһڿˮ
֮ǰѾꤣ˾ƣѾҪľ˭ܵ˱ǵĿأ
һλɣԼĪ򵽼ٵıٹˣ
ʿˮĶЩԣƯ˵Ȳ뿪һ㣬ַɿסˡ
ʱˣѼɤɿʶʲôĴŵ棬תͷGҲôٿģ
֣޺㶡
ۡ
ȻǰŵģҲԼǰǾë޵̺ӣֻȻѾڳˣǿߡ
ֻһֻëϡϡͺֵĺһһȣؿĳ
Ǹ򡭡
ڷڿлһƯĻߣ˹Լǰ΢ָ䣬ͣƿ
ͷʱܿĺ񷢹Ϸµ·ٿѻڵĽë͹־µ١
ɫδߵɫոձһ譽ȾĳȺϣӢͦıϡ
ʦðƤűϦͻ𿾺ɢӵÿǺð
ޣ
Ѳ俴ǿ佱Ļĳַ˼
ġʱƺʲôЦһԭҵֻɵıը
˵߰Ѷȫλչʾһ¶Ĳ״
ĿɿڴؿŸʱ˿ֻͨ΢ڵ˽ͷأͷţֻĴֱӳµĽëԼڱ߱ϲдһɫʣ󻹷ת壬չʾĶӣͼβ͡
޵һ
ʵ̲סˣʱȰĲҪ̫֡
ʱͣգ֮Ҳһ˽⡣Ⲣص㡣
˵߲֪һˮݸޣˮͬʱ־ضŶĽģ̲סٹ˹żصǣҵĽ㡣ȻȻȷʵķȻ˶ģΣûпغýҵĴ
޽ˮݻСлŬ֧ӣ뵽Լ׻֮ǰĻ
ô˵أըȻеĪĽ㣬ӳзЧһˡ
һֻ޹Ĺ·ըҲûʲôԺġ
ڸʱ˵ı
΢΢죬û˵
ʱһ˲˲ؿʮº͵Ѿ³߸оʲôô԰ҵı𣿡
޳ĬƬ̣ڿ˸ʱǸֻһ·֮ǰҲųʶ̽˸ȷʵûˣҲ֪ҵΪ˵ȷʵΧޣĺҺܱǸ
С֣һ¶ֲҵĳַɿջأظһ飺ĺܱǸ𣿡
ųٴĻֿҲȥ˴룬ը˺ëĵĶ㬵ǲˣǣһ𣿡
޿ĶƬ̣ԼģϿڵıըġ
⣬ʱһת򣺡ǡǰСĽ¶ȥˣ
ȻŵȻ֪Ϊʲôıܵڣʦֵĸ֪Ӧ⡣ֻǡҸô
ʱȻû뵽Ȼһʡ
Ȼʮֺ֪ڵΪԼ͵ĵ
ȻԼʶ̽һ̽ʱָסԼĲ΢΢ͷ˼Ƭ̺һ˵սʱ򣬱ڵϸ֮УżҲȻδûеϸһʱ֮ҲжϾ
ʱҲգգۣʶԼľԪ֮УŬƬ̡
һΣ̽ñȸʱϸ棬Ҳ֪Լ֮ǰΪʲôЩˡ
ĵϣƺһ㽣
ֻ˵ǲ㽣ذĵֱǸ˸ܲ͸ס
ϡĵԪȻ͵ĵ֮⣬ȴΪԭԴһĻռ䣬ԵøȸԾʱʱ̽ͷȥײһǲ㽣
޷Ӧ
޳˼Ƭ̣Ԫ˱״ͼԼĵ뿪
һȥ۵õһʱҲš˻һ
ʱҧ㡭ڸʲô
۵亹ҧñȸʱݣҵĵһ㽣ҸղõԪȥָ뽣ûгɹ
ʱ̫ѨɫЩ԰ףԨôɽ
ô֪ҧгݵ̣˵ǾԼ֮ǰ˵ĻʦԺǡܺԼı
һ·вͨһƬ̣ǻص˼·ϡ
ýڵĳԼ°ͣ˵㻹ǵáļ𣿡
ޣ
ɷн£˵ʦ̫ˣȳԱˣԨԼܳˡ
ޣ
ôƻȥˣ˭˻Խ˭ʦð
ϣڸʱֻƵţһ̣ʱ͵һȹȻٹȵҲˣǡ𣿡
ޣ
ԡ


11 
Ĳףһ仰˵ǶԵġ
ȷʵڳ˸ʱȺû˿Եζ
һλƶʲôЩ᲻Ĵʦ֣Ȼһ֡
ĵذĿһϡ
طߣɿſסߣͷΪϡ轹ڵëʲôأүүҵģ
һֻǽڷĳ򣬽ȥһߣȻһȹ
Щ˼Ȼȳԣ
׺Ѱѡ˵ڡ
ʱЦЦŰɣһҪȥԱĶܱռ˶ӡ
£ȻлҪ˵ȴʱƮƮһ˻ȥʵ
һֻҲû⣬޳ڶȵʱڳԶʱҲʮ˹ĸʱȻѾʣµ⣬һָǰ
ɫ֮ǰһЩǰĹԴϨҰٿĳּž֮С
ˣѾڴŶɻˣûнȥҲǰȥֻȥվЪϢһˡʱվһֻ֣վ𣿡
ллʦ֣ûôˣԼԵġûȥֻ֣һµ棬׼Լվ
ȴʱ˶٣㣬ȴҲԱҹҹɫܵҸطҹټ취ǰǸվȥҹû㲻סһҹ𣿡
Ҳ֪ʱ·бҪæô˵Ҳ޽֪΢ҲáʵǸʦ鷳ˡ
ʱ󣬸ʱһСվϣصؽվӽгϸµ޵Ĵ¿ζ󣬱ʮٿޣʲôҪ𣿡
ûˡ޺һ£ֻ˼Լ̵ζ󣬾ܰԵĶȫô׼
˵ôؼסôֵֹĲ
ҶԷּסƺ͹ĿһΪ̫Ϥ
һ𺳣һòʵʣվʹԴ𣿡
վһ㶣ﻹû˵Ҫ
ǰԲСŮȷʵ۵ֱһǼｿģ˵ʮͣ˾ԼӦҪͬҪ
ȻվʶӦ
޴ǬͳһǹƷǴɲߣ΢ЦſҪ鷳ˡ
վ˫ֲؾһ׼ֵνǵĲ;ߣŲƮȥֹһޣֿһ۸ʱ
ȤؿǰһĻпұΪѾ㹻ӻ޶Ƚˣû뵽ʦþȻҴ۽硣
һЦϾݡ
鴫ʱЦһ㡣
һΪƧվȻж¥ʱ˶¥λã̧Ҫ£ȴִǬȡƯľӺϣңһ棬£ȹȥ
û뵽Լ˴Ƭ̣һͷϣҸش˸۾д㣬ɵĵôôɰС
վ֮кУȻҪһЩд붼Զ׼ɢޡ
Ǿվɽò̺ݣΪڣظĹϽΧ֮ڣȦħﶼѾɾˣǰȫ
ظԼĵǻ᳣񣬲ЩݣЩסڸķҲϾãɵһݣȥԹȫСһµöȡ
ʱ˳Ҳ˵տɫݵضһ£ȥ
ӵϲ˷ɿ죬ʱͰһ
ƽĶֵۣطվӻôҹʵѾ˾ϲˡ
ڣҹһֵ飬ɲòԣǾͲˡ
ʱȻûٶ˵ȴǵöղ˵Ļ
ʵҲżģ˭Ҫһѱ˵ĽԼڣϸϸھͻҳ취֮⣬ȻҲֻʣ˴һԿһ·
ʵЩơ
ȻţҲԽԼӳȥŷʲôӺζΪʲôửķ
Ȩ֮£ԲŮץſӣЩƲֵؽһηԼÿ海˼ף̾˿ӲǳԳơ
ЩһͷԣһиõƮС
Ϊʲôⲻ˵һѾΨħˣܲظֳ֮ǰ©𣿡һһȦܵĿˣʲôɤŴѵ˭֪Ϣ𣿻˵һĲΪģ
λˣҪ򣬴Ҹƾ±ǣ˵ôʲôأһϣаӡžһչȣҡ£λ֮лδ̤޵֮ŵģ⡣

ʲôʱȻγһ
ѹվͻȻôɫɫɢޡ
֣޵Ŀһ٣̧ۿһ۸ʱ
粢վĴǳģʱֳڴϣͷŴ⡣
ȻȻֱͦ˴ﵽⶼ͸һɢĸоȥԼıԵڳ˼ʲôǵģġ
˻ѿӺͷſڱӣȴַ˼̻
һìܵġԿĸоĳ־ǧ֮ıǡ
ջĿ⣬һƬ˽ţֻգȻûʶ۵ļͬʱʱĿȻϡ
֮⻹˲ϵ򣬲˿ʼо̵Լ֪й顣
Ʃ磺
֮ǰҰʱһմģüһɢ޿Ǵ̵ûձħ
ԲۣҲǸԪӤħ˰ɣĽˣϴνʲôˮû̵ȥһ
ǮĽƨˣҲûɿԼＸɣһȥɸӣ˿ɲ¶
Ҳ֪ʲôƣҾʹҹȥˣظ̫ˣһħںо;ΣֻϦλѣ׬ҾȥŹңҹҲڣ
ФŵƯأҵʱҪȥûء

ν򣬱ָ̤˵ͬڷΨħʬ֮ữһƬ
Ƭ֮ͨݲһһؾҲԼ߽롣
Ҳħ֮Ա˵޹زݣΪħΪħޣֱӱħԭ֮һ
ΪʿһΪԪع鷴֮䡣Ψħ幦ʿħԪɢأŻֵ
Ȼ򳤾õش֮䣬ǲɵǰȥСɨвٵвɥһɽеһ֧ħ嶼úܡ
ȻͬʱҲᱻһЩɵӵؾ
ֻǣջжҪԭ٣޷֮Ҫķʽձ࣬з˽ߣʡȥһΪʦš
ΪЩվд۲ݵġħʬвħԪġħ
˴չȥСʹʦҲΪİɣҪɨҪʦֳֵ򡭡ؼһͰɣѵȻԪӤħ壿
ͷ˵һôһֻ˵أ֪ʲôءı顣
Ȼ²µˣ˶ʱڰһֻͨģ׿˵޾Լĳһ˲䣬ͻȻΪʲôʱ̲סָ̧ȥԿǡ
ͺͷģǺб°ԭܼ򵥵Ļشָ
о㴫ڣʱѾ˻ȻܱȭЦȥæϡ
δɢѾɢ˴룬ΪѾˣû˺󣬷Ҳ
һҹ֣ҲѪء
Ҳ˻ڣĺڣֺαһͨ;档
ʦðʱȻѾĶնףֳûϢһʱˡ
ѾȫԲȥˣɾ죬ҲʮֽǴʦĽ
֪ʱף̧ۿϾҵıȻȥǶҺ֮ϵ͸ӦҲڡʵǡ
ޣԸһ𣿡


12 
ҹɫվĴ⿴ȥɽֻʣӰӰ´µ
Щڰò˵꣬ĺڰУȻú࣬·Ҫÿһ֪ǳе֪ࡣ
ҲΪ̫Ҫҹ磬ԲŻǰ̣޷˵սԼļޣͼУ졣
ִ˼յٱ⡣
Ҳ˷ͨ˶ҡͷȴҲս˫ȭҪһԡ
޸ڸʱۿǰҹ
ſļϣ罫ϡë΢΢죬ﻹЩͷϵĻ૚һ·ȻӦɪƵ·;ƽ˼֡
µȻʮֻôн׻̻Լĵ֮һأ
ʸʱıʲôȴ־ò̫òֻһ·ŸʱһȻתԪܲǽЩӦ
Ȼһ棬ҲΪ˻ʱ˿̵
˵Ǽٵġ
ǰһû
ʹڲ¥Ķмڰħıãǰһж˵Ȼİġ
ȻΪ򡱣Ȼн硣
ʱפһÿǰʶȥ
ȻտҲһθ̵ʶԼĽû˵ʵ
޼ϽʱĶ۵ףĹˣ̲סЦһүү˵ѱýɵ˰ɡ
ʱûವģָΪڿһ
ǵǰǱҹɫֵ΢ƲݵϡϡĿȻʱ֮Ȼƾտһţ¶ɫģ
ʱһ̤룬İɫ֣ͷī񶼴Щ糺֮ɫһŲ֮еͬʱȫɢѾʧ
Ȼתͷޣ鱨ﲻһͬڽڵħγɵ鱨ȼ򣬶˵ȷʵ衣
·ѵ磬һǼҹɫһǻɫ죬Ӣƽؿнֵңû˽ĽޣʣʲôأȷʵҪߣ㽣ܳҵĽҲȻ֡ҲǿҪͬУ֮һ²㣬ɨҲԣȻѡȨ
Ҫ֪һҲȷԼǷܱ֤İȫң򲻿ɸƣҲ޷Ԥ̤к󣬻ʲô۾ԭķ΢΢𣺡ֻ˵һᾡȫ㰲Σ
ԣһΣʦãԸҽȥ𣿡
޿ԽԼδĻ⽻
ͷѪҲҪõģ޵ߵ硣
޽ǵĻ屻紵£·ˮȸԾΡ
յĲɺ
ƿ⣬ġ
ԲŮҹɫб·ɢ䣬ͷԼǰ꣬׵Ը⡣
ɫ֮ǰʢ˼֣ԼƺЩںХķʱüЦ
ȻЦţ֣ôսҵ֡
޺ԥؽַϡ
һ̣ס֣һ̤Ļ֮С
ָΪѿ£Ŀ֮ȻǿĲݺ
޵ϣЩشһȦܡ
ǻҰ
ȸĻҰ
ȼյĻ𼸺ձÿһ磬ҲѾһƬڽǺ˵ζ޺ǿ˼ֱЩǱؿʱ
ȴɫŹֵؿԼ
˳߿ȥ
һЩĪĽ˸ʱͨڣмһ㼫ȴûнʡ
쳤ӣŶ
ʱĬƬ̣תͷޣͷ΢ִѳ˫ּڣʲôû
ַֻֿ˲䣬Ǳʧ˿С
ʱֶյ״̬
ʱ
ޣ
˶һۣɫͬʱЩ΢
ɴۣһЩǺԼĳȣŵǰɲǰɲǰɣ㲻ԺҪʦõֲý˰ɣҲ̫˰ɣ
ʱ쬵ɨ˶һۣɿóסԼ죬ˡŶѵҶ˵ʲô˵Ļ𡱵ı顣
ڸʱֱӰ˶ͷٰεͷëʱ޵
ʴʣġһؿڣȻؽ˸ʱȻǣ𣿡

žȻֻ
ʱޣͻЦָ̧˶ͷһ£ڳĵĴУٶס޵֡
ů˸ļʱ˾٬ᷳ·ǣ־ֻǣֶѡ
һ̣ǱƯĺڽȻ¸
нȻת֮䣬ϡĵԪһ̳ͣȻĳĳ˯ȡ֮תɬ֮ƽ⡣
Ȼ̵Щ΢ʹֵ̧ʱ򣬾ȻԼָȻ³Ľ
ԡ޿Լָ૵ʦֻ֣Ǻϵ𣿡
Ǿ磬ǽʱ˸ü֮ѾһƬɣȻ˵һϵ鶼ԵʵǻĵЩԼĸо̲ס¶Ц⡣
Ȼһ̣нݶ٣ǰһ½

ĻɫµͬʱٿһŵĶٴߡ
Ȼ󣬰΢٣ٿĳѹ̬к£
ǻϨη
ȥǰԭһȻıһӲնӲ¶һƽ̹·
ۡ
ʱǣԼĽǰߣȴȻղŵһ
ʹҲڸʱĴ˵
ʱĳɷֻ֣ӵһе;˵󣬲ʵʵĻ룬Դûȥ
Ʃ˵ǷΨ޵С
νΪ¶ϷΪŸ磬ֱΪϵ𵤣ԪӤ񣬶飬ţÿַ¾оϾԲĸ׶Ρ
Ÿ磬ٱΪޣϵΪ𵤡ԪӤΪΨ飬ţǼ
ڶȹ󣬱Ǹո̤֮·Գ֮ܵĵԪΪá漴Ҫõ֮ţΪоСˡ
󣬱Ҫʼȥһ֮֮ˡ
νϵΨҪڵ;ҵԼһ̤ţΪΨ
ܲܿţ޵߶ԣбʵġ
þ󻯵˵˿ɳڷˣһ˵а٣ȴսûǧ֮СΨѾ߱ɽƺ֮ܣѰɱ䣬ֻҪ겻ϨԪӤ𣬱
ڼĵѾ˰ͨڡ
֮Ȼṳ̂ţϵѾԲȴҲԽȥɱΨ
һֱʲôΨ֮޵СͷʵЩ顣
֪ԭʦֵĽȻǡ˰Ե
˭뵽νΨ֮޵СָѾԽɱ𵤾߾ʵͽ⣡
Ͼ޲޳ģڶԷӰ½磬ȥ²ĻʱпѾ˷ɽ
ɽԪӤڵеֶΡ
Ŀһ۸ʱĲӰֻػ˴ǰɫɢģƷ緢һǴ
߳ʮף޵ָȻ΢ϸȥȻղһ
ǽôأ
鲻ȥʽͻȻڵ
ʱͷţ
ղһǹ鲻ȥĵʽ𣿡̧ͷһֻڰջ˼ߣҪ˵ʲôŷԼǼ繴ճԺ󣬰еĺۼȻûʧ
ǽ
ʱĽĵ֮ϣתָ֮䣬սʱˣֻµĺۼ
޵ķӦӵ˦һſհ׷ֽ
һ̣ǷֽȻյĽȼǰȥ
Ұ׵ĽֱǰʱһĽƼ࣬ȴҲȻǡʮƯһ
ؼǣһĽ⣬Ȼ븵ʱ޼
ؽķֽ׽飬ֻһ΢ĩĲӿ䣬Ʈ˼޵ڡ
Ŀǵ΢ĩϣڿնٰתһ䣬޵һӶһڽЩдķȥ
Ƭ̺ĽȥЩͷҲ³˰ġë׵ë
Ŷⷭɵ˸Ᾱֽ˳ɫЩճһƬȶ糺졣
ʱĿⳤõһճĽϣͻȻ鲻ȥǰʥʮõĽһʽҲֻʽͨҲŸóáǡÿ飬ҲżȻ÷ϽͼʾԼȻִӺζ֪
޳ĬƬ̣̫
ʱЩȻؿ
ǡãҲһЩ顣޵Ȼ˵Լǰǲ¥￴˳˶飬ֻ˵
ʱ΢΢üҲ֪ûţֻؽͣÿ˶Լܡ
޾ָ䣬¶ȻµĽɫʦֵĽȻ뾳һ𣿡
ʱЦЦΪʲôȥķһ
ޣ
ȵȣҲ֪Ϊʲô
һ֪ϻзԳؽⰡ
ȴͷһëĶͷ¶һүүұһı顣
ޣ
Ϊʲôһǡˡı鰡
ǺҲι
˵ʲô˴ȴһЩŻЩĻɫݾȻ֪ʱƽǣϿһȦŸԶĵطȥ
޵һΨзȼյľ޴
ͼڿĵһ˲䣬о͸֡
ѻ
ʱһ˿أڵħҲʼлѻ𣿡


13 
ѻ֮ҰԭʬҰ
ֿɲħżצ๣ɫķޱȣϲʳҴʬʬ
Ҳˣѻ֮ͨżҵľ
ħ֮ǡڴǳ֮Уһγɣ꼰˴Ƭˣ˽УȻѪƯơ
Ǵγľöɨ
ɨֻһֿԡ
ǸɲԸ޷ɨ
Ҳĸ˵ɲɣĸֲڶĸжأ˵ѾöûܹҰ֮ҵˡֻϺ뱱мѭ
˭Ҳ֪оʲôģƲ⣬ĻѾĴħ壬ֻħͬʱС
ԽĽ֮أеħǿȻдʿУͼеõһݻԵһħ
ʿԽ࣬Щʿɲö֮ѭĸⶼѾĻҰ
ô׻˵νġܡش
ǰɢʱᵽġҰָ⼸ƬҰεѰһ
֮ҲǸʱżѾôɢ޳ҹɫ̸ı⣬ҹԭ
Ȼղļɢ޵Ϊûгͨϵɣڵ򣬼пܻԪӤߡ
ңǣпܻɢҲѾС
ʱ̧ŻѻķᵯָķָٿŻѻķȥ
һǶ˵ʡ¡֮УȻҪۣѻȥ֮㲻ۣҲǻԴʱŻѻķܷЩʲôġ
ס
ѻ죬ĽʱĿѻĻϣٿǰȻѾлѻ֣˵ѾõħϾγɲãûмʲôħ޵ĺۼѾʬĻѻ֣ôֻһֿܡѾʿɱֻΪħ
ͷһԼָᶯ˶ָȻתĳ򣺡ߡ
Ȼлѻڣʱһ˻˵ٴһޣҲдֻѻķ򼲳ǰС
·޿ǵԾڸʱָʵ
֪ȷʵ١ʱͷһۣ¿ò
˵ҿһЩ飬Ҳֻǿѡҡҡͷͷϻҡײ
ʱͻȻʵԿ𣿡
Щ΢̧ͷٿԼָ⣬ٿ˼
ʱѾ滹ЩصԾԾԣ֪ͣҲ֪ڡҵĽ
ԪȻͬһ޹ȥʮ֪ˡ
ڸʱУƲûʲôͬ
ýԷⱾǿƲô飬ôٶһΣʲôأ
úϵڵĽȥһķпЩĵȴʱſһԣġҲûʲôԣ
һ򲽽
ʱӻĽʲôԥأ
һۣϸһղŸʱɵĶ
ѻѾߺʶжʧȥټָ΢䣬һָ
ָ⽣ķ˸ʱָ⡣
֯һ𣬷·ɫΨһɫ
ȻԼָٸдŽķ⣬¶˲ŵɫ
ʱ΢΢һЦȻԡ㿴ⲻǾͺܹƽҪֽҲҵĽܹƽ
ޣ
ܾﲻ̫ԡ
޻ڸ̣ʱȴѾǰˡ
ԺٿԼ֮ǰµظţָ˸ղԼ˳ŸʱĽ⹴պķָֽһ·
ڲ¥ҳзɲڶ졣
Ի
ԣôģ
ԣôǷҲ¼
Щ㱵š
˲֪ܹ˶·һͻȻһЩϤ޴ɢҵ˼͵ؾѡ
ɣȻλ֮ͬˡλҲħ𣿡
ӷɣ¹ӵ֮硣
ʱ֮ǰѾǬŶñĺɫ硣
Ȼûɿֻ֣޻ԼһֻҪôϵѾչɵצһһ˸ģĺᡣ
ٷȥʱǶ編ƵظҲϵˣɿ¡
һ׶ˮȻǵһˡ
ںʱֱĵġ
޿Ŀɿڴ̧ͷȴüĿӢԼָ΢⣬Щػζָ
ڻζָʱܸӦģǣָ·Ҳһһ
·ϣҾ㹻ĻӵͨĹͨЧġ
ñЩڵߣĵʵΪʲô
ǲȫġʱпܵĻϣȫ˶ֻ֪ҵ֣ȴ֪ҵĳࡣ
ԣúе
һ̣ȴɵôԼԲ䡣
ͣô˵أһαװʵǰδ⡭Щ
ʱͻȻȻϳҲûϵ
ʺŵؿʱ
ֻҪƤϣҺΣʱĵ׵üһЦٴӻ֮ʩʩȻ˳
¹ЦһչסԼЦü䣺һΪλԸڿԭǲͬΪʿһħȴԸ̹ʵź
Ҳǲ̹ϣҪλж̹ˡʱ߶ûģȻɢǻ֪λм鸹ȹǰ
¹ӲſھȻ뻰΢΢һ٣Ŀ˸ʱĽϣϸƬ̣ͫٿѾ󳷰벽ɫ˷Ľ̬Ԩ⽣ǡظʱ
΢΢һ
˵ʦαװװ˸įصԼƭԼ˾ͺá
ϸʱеĽŲæҷת˿ĩһ˵˵ţεʮӻֵ˵ҾԨ⽣ģҪҸƼ𣿡
Ȼ
¹㶣Ʒ
ʱѹӪһ֡һҲգЦеɲһķƷǸ߷¡
ޣ

¹Ի̬Ҳϸؿ˿ǱͨڵıЩŽɵĶʮʮ̶ȣ
ʱЦһôҲĶˣ
¹ҡҡӣʵʵ˵ҲٷƷȴûһĳɫ±ǳǧӣҲҡ
ͻȻԺӴģļٵģ˸Ʒ
ʱ̾˿˭뵽ȻҲһ˵̫Ŀհɡ
ޣ
ô𣿣
̶̼佻̸󣬰¹ӵĽȻѾ˴롣
Ÿʱ޼ع˹֣³ģ֪λγƺ
ⲻ𣿡ʱܿϣҽи壬
ЦЦԭԨ⽣ƷҲҪԼո
ϷȻҪȫסʱЦЦϷϷݰ־أ
ĵһš
ĴܾöԷָ
Īǡø߷½ļһ￴ʲô
˼ת̽ˡ֪ǲѾԶ飿
ԡҰǵĺڻרָֻؾ󣬲ű̺ôˮ飬ɢȻҲ׺ǿ֮ˣ󲿷ֻڳϦĴϣùҹʵҲǵԼ֪֮壬ʲôʲô޷
ʱЦأʲô֣
Ҳǲѡĺӣָ˸򣺡ǱȥλҪͬУ
΢΢šüܸо̫ԣ뿪վʱǰ࣬ôǲ
ңͬекܶˣлͬ飬żȥЩˣôҪİͬУ
ɫקһ¸ʱԷȴȻָ
̧ͷʱȴȻڶñ³գһۣȻ²Ӧð


14 
ʱӦôˬԾԾԣȻ㶣ܿͷӦ˹˸롱Ķ
ȻѾ˵˵һνʲôɵ
ҲŤһչӣȻǰ棬ĶѾ޽ġ
¹ƮƮһϮ罫ԼγԱȡ
Ҫ޸ӰЩΪǣûɿ֮ľʵڽЩֱǰ¹һһıڡ
޲Լղ뵽Щʱûпǵ
˼ʱǸգ۵ʲô˼
԰꣬ǿıݡ
ô˵أһ֮ǰ޷Լȸʦ֡
ڣʦ־ĳȥֵֻ֪ġ˸ֹԱǩˣͻȻЩǩʹ˵˹
գգۡ
޻ڳԼ˼ʱͻȻԺʦã𣿡
΢΢һ㶣ɵָʲôˣ
ʽǶȻͦ棬ʱҭһ²ô˻ࣿ
Ȼ֡޺е޵ģʵģɱģɱģȫʬģʬģʬġԴص龰Ҳвͬʦָ֣
ʱ
һʱеȻ֯һԣŴ˵ɭɭɱ״ʬѪزƲȫ֡
޳˼Ƭ̣ԥǵǻûС
ʱ֪أȻ˿ĸо
ת־ãɵĺĪͦζġ
˻һμʱµû찵ء׼һ¡
ɫЩŹֵ̧ͷһ۱ɫñڸסĸʱ
£˺Ѳȥ˼һ£ƾ¸ɾӢµӡ
ʱͻȻᵽʲô㲻Բɣ
ԲŮɿջĿ⡣
ߵıʯûлȥĻû˵
ʱЩЦԷǣҲЩ⣺ʱΪܽš
룬ǽţҲô˼롣
ʱ΢΢üˡ
޴󾪣
ƣˡ
ʵȷʵǽŵġ
ƴڻԺҲȻȷʵĻࡣ
ڳͻȻסŲʱ޲û֣ЩֱײԷϣǸʱһѣŰק˻
ؽŲʱһΣʶͷһ۽¡
ȴͻȻкڰ˫ɫӿٽѳһ̣
ϵݺύѾ˺ܶڰӡ
һ̣ӷ·ֻӾһ˲ĻþӵĵطЩѪɫеʬ塣
ȷʵǸʱղԼʬ塣
ɫѪɫһѪƺҲȼĿ鱻𸲸ǣɢĳܵĽѻٵĽ·ĳЦС
ת޺͸ʱչӣסԼȴڲס¶ĳ־
ҪлλǷλҪҡҪ־͹֣ħɲ򵥣֮ڣϤ
͵̧ס˿ڱǡ
ѣһӿĵЩңԶһ硣
ȴݵڼ֮ϣӡλȻԣֻñʹࡣ
˫ɫٴ˽ӿ·ֻǺڰϵĵ׺ʱ˿̣ѾγΧ֮ƣԶ׼Ҳƾ֡
ԭʱڽ˵󣬾Ȼ
޻ڣ֮ǵضѹ
Ҳɫ΢ףȴһ˰벽΢΢һЦν޻ڣѾվﳬʱ䣬ѳɶ֣ٶˡ
ʱûж
Ȼһ̣԰ǸɫӰ죬ĳȥٱǷһŻ¡
ģ
Ҳġ
ò˵˵ľ飬еʱȷʵŷ
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ҪֶָʱԵ̫ˣ˺ֳѳס
ɫԽԽ
ʵһֱһŵˣҲԶһϮ£ȡ
ŵԸ˵ģһġŻ߽ʱԼùֻơ
ȷԼļûгҲȷ˴޻ڵĹ涨⣬ҲùԼͬе˶ɱõħ
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˵ӺͲܶأ
Ϊʲôԣ
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ܺãʦãϸҽҪ򶨣ȻǲŸոҲ˶ø˶ûбж硣ȻΪһܡʱȻˣҲȷʵ⶯ˣΪҲܷɳȥղŹ鲻ȥʽĽ⣬ȫԡ
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ҡҾãһƾ֡ʦֿסһ𣿡
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Ҳеţȷʵֺ֣Ҳ¹壬£Ҳ֪ԼжǷȷ
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棬̽ߣһ˲ĺڰӣ߹·ʬ塣
ʮݺߣʮһ㣬ȼյĵطӣûгȼյʬӣҲӡ
һһ֡һ֡¸֣صٶ
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ọ̲̈̄סóĴʱǿҲҪи޶ȣĶˣôס
ʱǺܼ򵥡
һ̣һ뻹Լʵʵͦ꣬ͻȻһ֣ɫñ俪¶üĿ续һ
ģ
Ŀǰˣͫ׾ɫףƬ̣ŵ軹˵㲻Ǹʱ˵Ҳ㣡
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ҧŸʱĽŸʱҲظŻᴩİɣϹۣȻûϳ
˵˽ǼٵģҲ۷Ǵӱϰǵģôǲأʱ̾˿̬޹ְ̯֣ҪҰĲǸʱȻҰŸʱƤ͸㣬һ·
ģ
ʱӵؿʼƤԼöôףֱԺߣϾ˸λʦֵأ˵õȤۣһʱ֮侹ȻҲýζ
һ޳ĬıӰγĶԱȡ
Ŷװڹֵ֯ģĵɽо֡ڶ֡ǵľ֡
ǣ壬
ͷɣɺ״ȣҽǣ򡣡
մиͷ

ʱЩϸԽԽ죬ڲϵ˫塣
һʼЩƶǶ˺Ѿȫˡ
Сĵʵϸ˵ʲôһЩǲ𣿡
ʱ룺ҿܻԿܲܰ
ʧɫôȻΣյ뷨
ʱΣյ뷨кܶ࣬Ҫ𣿡
ԳϣԼȻôһɳܵĶ
ҲԳϣԼȻôĿɳĶ
ʱ컨׹
ĵͣ
ʦ֣𣿡ĵ׻ҵƾֵİ취ˡԡҪɱ𣿡
ʱȻǺ֮ǰһЦð
ǳĻԼӵ˸ʱһƤĻʱѾˡ
в֪ʱһŷн֣վ˾븵ʱбǰԼһĵطȻģˣ𣿸ˡ
ºͣ͵شӸʱ֯ع
̧֣Ҳס׵Ķñȡ¶һſɰԲģͻȻʵ𣿡
һ㶣ʲô
ЦЦûʲôֻǺɣÿס
ͻȻЩԤУ˶٣Ȼ߬ȭͷأ
޵Ŀ˳ĶϣȻϸȻ֪ʲôȻ֣ұ㰴һ֣ӡ
̧֣ӡ
ͫ
վ֮ΨһλҴͷβһδΪʲôǰŮĽ¾ȻҲرһλ
νо֣Ҳһƾ֮ЦЦһ֣ҾҽĻԣأ
͵صͷԼ¿ȥ
ȴԼվλâȻڽϨ
λʧͬʱڰֱãо֮У䣬ۿҪɺΧ֮ƣнɱ
ǰһɱ֮ͬˣȻ֪ӺΧ³
ĲΪʲô
ⲢдĥֱһĻᡣ
һ̣λɱͬİ¹ٿǱӣһ㣬޵ķ򱬳
޷ٴռλԼɶ֮ǰе˶ɱˣ
֮ľ벻߲ĲޱѾоȷӭ
ѾǱӵıԵ˷ġ㶾ɫʵıУ¼Ѫ
һֻŸʱķ֣ٽһֻеĽǰȥ
һȻ
ͨڵԨļղ̽ǡǱӿҪǼͬʱɵصס˳ıһ
ʱ΢⼤ͷϵҡڳһƬඣ
ƷֽһնȻϵĽȴδɢȥڸʱĽ޷سнһɱ⡣
³ֽվԲŮһס֣һֻƹ¶Ưһǣƣǡý޻ԼԲĽ֮С
ĽڣЩɢЦ⣬ȻĽȴȴһӲһ㶾ѳһɢȹǣ
Ԩ˲Ϣ֮ٽ˳ĵĲϡ
еĶͣ
¹û˴ǰķ棬ʱĽ̫ԵֲײͬʱѾķڳ飬һֱ۶ײо顣
ĴǴѪͷɢңʯ䣬ʲôɿЦһ˵㲻ǸʱҶҪˣǰһ滰𣿡
ʱʮϣȻˡһͶˡ
治Ǹʱ˹ҵλʦأȻòʵͨ㲻ʲô֮ˣأΨͨˡ
һ䣬ڻࡣʱĽǰƽֱȥЦˡ
ģ

ڿͷ˵˼仰ڽ°ɣɣ
ҽôñʶˣ˵㲻ǸʱӲ˵𣡣
ǧߣͷһϣ͵³һѪʧȥʶ
֮ǰĵһͷǡ
һŬƴ޹ˣҲʮ⣬Ѵǡ
Ȼֲ壬ԼǱģǱ
ףظôǴʦֹ¹ģ
ǲǶ⿪ͷĳʲôⰡ
ֵ䰡쵰ǣ
ơ
ġͨһ˵ϡ
һֱǸµµһ·ͣ޽űߣš
һöɫӡ
Ŀ˳ǰоʱޣ
ãĳ̶ֳ˵ʦѾԼ֮ǰ˵Ļ
ƤϣҺΡ
ʮԣô˵أ
ȷʵ޵С


15 
ú͸Ŀ
ʱǰפƬ̣۾Ȼޱؽӽ˻
Щ꣬ĵǾȡĿܿ䵽ԼűߵİɫϣĵνħﾹȻͨ
һֻצٿ档
ϣͷʱȻóԼĶӣ˼ԡ
ʱǬͳһ˫޶н˿ףȴֱޣӦ֪ģҪֱӽӴħױɣƣǡȻ󲿷˶ԼԱѣҲЩħȷʵôȻöе˼Կ
޶ֵʸ޺һ£˶٣Ž˫µɫ״ϡ
ǳ̼ļֻʣһݺύĽ߸ڱ棬ֱ½мСһ
ʮ
޵Ŀͣ棬ʱ͵˫״ħ
ȻףȻҲпܱЩʱձɨħ
ǿԱ֮Ϊģĳ̶ˡ
ޱ룬СؽӴӵϼ
Ҳ֪޶ʲô⴦ܹϸµظܵ΢ҼԲϸʸС
ӾٵǰҪϸ۲һʱǰͻȻдʵٿʧ
һ㶡
̵߸һһݺĿƵ߾֮ӵֻҪһĿ̣֮ΪǸִ֮ˡ
ͻȻ֮ǰΪγöӵʱ򣬻ôƶš
Ϊ֮
ɱԪӤڵ֮
𣿡ʱ˾ιɣҲһˣٲԵ㣬ɵһͲˡ
ԣ
ԡħ
ħﻹܳԡ
޺𾪵ؿһԽʯϣͷֻһɫͷëġ
ͷëȻը
СȻԡԡۺǲȻʳǰԡ
ľſ졣
ĵ죬˵󲻴˵СҲرС
ſʱôһ˲䣬ԼһԨ޿ڡ
еӼǲܿƵرڶ˽ȥƬԨ֮С
ĿؾſտҲ֣˶ˡ
µ˶Ȼ˵㣬϶ʲô򵥵񣬷Ҳᱻʦִߡ
û뵽þȻ
ʱ֮ǰ˵ġһҪȥԱĶġָľħ
ô˵أθںõһġ
Σںд죬һԵʶ
ſԼϡ˫ᡣ
̵ıëۿɼس˳ͷëΧԿǣһУСظƵһƬ
ָģĶһһ¾ǻ𼱻ǵԼĻͷëͷɫıʯԱΡ
Ȼ󣬾Ϳֱؿ˻ϾȻëë𣿡
ûӦ޾Ѿսָ˹ظɫëëߣһԿǡ
ֶûʲôԷ޵ĶøһЩ
ȶл㱻عʱȫѾ˸飬ֻСͼ棬Ķӡ

ʹãʹð
ƴʱ϶ԷȻһϷı飬ɱܿ
Ծȡ
ʦáĽҰ⣬޵ðɣ
޶˶٣㲻ϲ𣿡
ѻش⣬˵ϲԲԼģҲѻȥһڸʱǰ˵ϲ
Ƭ̣ûȻ
ȻЩᣬǼþգûԼȻ
ĿԺߣ֮ǽɨɾɢ޴УǳĻˡ
ֱֱˡʮߡ޶н˿ժ˸ʱûʧǲ˵ﻹбħûбձࣿ
ʱȴûнӣֻЦǵģԻҪͷСʦԺͶιֻɵ񡣡
룬Ϊʲôתͷһڣһ£ɽ𣿡

ڻڷԣҪ
֮ǰһըˮƽŭԣֻչ
˭Ҳ֪СиŮëħҶʫһȸ߾Ӱףʦ÷ѹ˰ëħһͷ
Զһ㣬ȴֱʱһסɵطɻ޼ͷһԼò׾ϸڻᣬɲܸˡ
¸پҵĲס
һȥܻèĵվ
ܸʱҰĻᣡ
踺أĿᶨԼ
޶Զҵ˵ڿʱɨ
һЩʬ壬ٵѻ
ճĻѻۼһʳ⣬Щѻų±ɣ˺лģѾѧӶ̡
ʱӷ
Ǿ޼κһַ
µܵĴ壬дڹ֮ºʣڵЩơ
ʱ˿̣Щϸ߾ȻƴȻ͹˳תĳ־ɵķ
ǹȻӵֻհ׵ķֽϡ
ȻȻسڷֽϣʱָɵؽһķֽ˳ȥ
ֽڻ֮ϣзܵķ֮кĻӲѹȥϨ
ĶŷֽЩߵͬʱĪøʱ̬Щ졣
ûȻʱƺܵߣͣͣͷɨ𣿡
΢΢һ㶣Ȼҿ𣿡
ȻԡʱЦЦֳƬֻ̣ҵЩ̫һҲ֪ܲܽܡ
׼ʶ㣬ССһΪŵؿʱϸ㲻ᡭ
ôɡ
һ̣޾ͿʱԼǬͳˡһǡ
һԲڡһѵĹǡ
ЩСҹ˼֮ԭ֣µصݸޣɴЦףСʦСĻ򡣡
Ȼ
ޣ
Щ͵ؽӹ˹ǡ
ֱ֪ҲǷȻǸʱϷⶫȷʵĿ
ֻǡ
ô˵أ͸оղŻЩɨ棬һ֮Щ
ʱһ·߹ȷʵЩҸȼС硣
νС硣
ָСôġС
ЩӲظɫǿһϣоԼѾҪɿ۹ƫƫʱֳ£һĺ졣
һֱСʦΪʲôҲʱƮȻӳһŷڱ΢ڣǽʲô𣿡
ǰɡ޺Ҫݡֻǻûü͡
ķʲô˵ʱѾˡ
ַ˶٣ҲЩ̫ȤҲ˼飬Ҫͷٺ˵ʲôɫȴ䣬ޣ㿪
ڵȴֻü̧ͷ
Զһĵط֪ʱһûбոɾĶϱۡ
Ƕϱһص̬ٿٽһֱŵһö޼
ֻüһöɫӣӱѾٿûĿڡ
ǰȻڡ
ܿƵȥƺжʱƺסƺûС
׹֮ǰһͷǡ
аӣȷʵӦ͸ãһöӡ


16 
ȻȻǻջԭ
ʱֻʣȻһˡ
ʱˣĶҲˡ
ϵ޶ʧˣڹҲ
ѻ̻·һҪٽ˺ȥ
𣿡ɤӣſʵ
û˻Ӧǰȴһöɫӡ
޳ĬƬ̣ٻܣȷʱ˿̴˾֮УĿ֮ȷʵֻԼһˡ
öӣԶʣǳġ
ֻ˵ӻǷûĿڵöӡ
ǣתҪ뿪˴ȻĸöӶ᲻ӵƹִŵǰ
ޣ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԭЩҵȻöӰˡ
ȻһϿԾԾԺȲԼĳֺε롣
Ҳ֪ΪöӲԾ
ħﶼôõ
޺ǻһ˲
ûж¥Щ飬ͬʱղ˵ظĵһ ϣнϰɫϾطǿ
ɳȥħ
࣬ı졣
ħΥȻħһ֮䣬ŻԳЩͿ̿ħħǣ˼䣬ĵ

ĶĪرһöӸûˣ֪Ǻδĵطѵбѡ
̧סöӡ
ָӴͬʱǰٿһͨͨʯ
ʯϿ̣ѾкڰӴС
ڰӽɱվ뺨·磬ɱ֣ն֮Ʋɵ
޳ֺڡ
һ޺ӣһһӽɱŻУϵ˲ϢѰ
ֻһöӡ
͸ղһ뵽пܵƣκοܵӦԣȫЩУҵǸΨһص
Ϊš
ʿִ壬ʳָָ֮䡣
ӣǴδӴ֮һ¶֮ˣõʮ⣬е·ߵʯûκ
ָĦöӣĿ϶ͣ˫ۡ
ڰн䣬ճһƬӵĲ֯
һ̣Щһٸ͹Ψһһ϶˺ӵλá
ۣӡ
ա
ʯʯײһ
屾һ顣
Լóϲ飬ǿ⡣
ӵ˲䣬޵ղ΢Σǳ˸С
١
ʯ֮ԾֹȴȻг뻶޵תٴĵס
öӾȻϧصĵطĳصĹ
ݵͣٺʯϵٻٳɲо֡
ٴαۡ
䣬ֱֳơ
۵Ůͷϸܵĺ飬̫ЩվȣһֳʯִȴȣÿһӶɴࡣ

㱻˴Һͣٵֳ⣬Ȼڼ
Ѿʮ˳о֡
ͱЩڰ׳⣬Ҳ֪Լ׻ҪٴӣöоصĺӲܷŹԼ
ȻҲע⵽Լÿһ´öɫӵʱжһЩ˿˿ƵĶ˳ָѶϡ
ġ
ǶôڲƼգ֡
ʮ˳֣ϳֵڳһͣ١
޵һʯʡ
վסˣǵʯϣ̧ͷʱȴԼĿЩģճһ˲һλ뷢԰׵ƵĿԼ档
޵ľʮƣˣǿŲԼ¶κƣֻ̬ɫشŶˡ
Ҳڿ
һ΢࣬뷢ճɺģǣȴ㹻˿ãͻȻЦһڿڵ˭뵽ͭĳ¨ӾȻ˸ĺ֪ˣҪ
ȫ˵ʲô
Ȼ֮ǰĵģǰһλˡ
ݿµĻ˵߰㣬ɫЩ񲣬ȻںܲҪĻشֱֻ粻ţ£ͷҵӣֻ֪ɱˣɱˣޣɱʲôģôˣֻСѾͷϷ˼Уʹ졪
Ц뷢޷ԶлѻЦҰط˳һƬļС
Цָŭһľ֪Улأ
һ̣ڸ˴յĻѻȻٿ䣬ԭĻɫ֮У˲㱻ɡ
ĵ׾
뵽˸ʱʱҲֻѻɻ
Լµ˶˻γöӵ֮ӡԼ̵ˡ
ֻ˵ҲʵλħлһƲлꡣ
ȴδ뵽һλֻˣȻΪ
ѻֶϵµ֮һ֮СյȴȻ˵һ֮С
޷Ŀɲ
ԪӤѾǼеĳһ磿
׷ĻͷѻҰڻָ˼žԷĿҲ䵽ϡ
ǲԲиСѾͷƬӾӦôʮɫͷԽԽ⣺ҪϷʣһƲл꣬Ҫսپ֡
ĵپ֣Ͽܻ¿ҪͿݵƾ߶ˡ
֮ҲƣͷɱѪǰи˳۵СѾͷңЦһ֣ӮˣҴҵ²ɺã
޲ǲ˵Ǹû˵
ԷȻʲô취סĿࡣ
ңҲ֪λش⡣
ħһɱѻԳɱͷӣͻҪ
ܵȻҪܾġ
˾ܾܻɥܻͬħ
ѡ
תĵȻһ֣Ҳǲԡ
ͷΣٿ̾һó㲻ǺӮǺЦߵŰҪҵ²ҲԸҪ㣬ȴҪ
ϧϷһϲǿѡ㲻ҪҾԽƫҪ㡣һҪСѾͷƬӹңһ֣ɨУɲУҵӡ
ͷĪһ
һ̣ͷһ˫ǵͻȻ¶˵֮⣬͵һ֣Цпѽ֪ôˣ
԰գһ䣬Ϻڰݺĸ֮£ȻһӰ
ʬɽѻҷɣư׷ͷղһĻѻȥ˸ʱһߣ˼յɫ
ڷüĿȾѪɱֽһħʬ
ҵĽָ֮к̼㽫Ǿʬ顣
ʲôŵ׹ȥʰ쵵չ£ɢħԪγħ֮ǰѾһҧס¡
ͫ΢
֪ѾҶ˶ãͷɫЦݸ˹ָ졣壬Ҳ죬ڰеħʬ嶼ˣѾˣϧ
ʱⱾѾ΢ɢǽٿЩɵĻѻȥɫٱɺڰ˫ɫ򣬾Ȼͷķ֮Уһ̡
㿴ѽŬءǸޣôӾͻأ޲ýֿϣ֣ѪܵģǲҰ
СѾͷ壬Ӯͻ䣬һͷЦһָʯ֮ϵĻٿʧգգ
ֱߣһװӵӡ
ͷַ̧ЦⰻȻֺȫ޶⡣
Ȱ׺롣


17 
죬һʮ塣
Ѿ±Ķʮһֲо֡
һΣȫհ׵ϵģһν档
һ
һ̣ʵ˺ܶࡣ
иʱѪ֣жĺɫͷëԼ֮ǰͷеĽ֣ҲǰЩҹҹԼԼĹ¶ġ
һУն˴ʱ˿̣ǰʮݺ໥ĺڰ̡
΢΢ۣ׿̧ա
Ȼѡ׵ķʽͣƬ̣յһС
Ԫ
ϣҰз磬ɫ߲ʯ̡
ݺʮߺ𽥳ĳ֮ѾبŴڵķߣÿһ֣ڽһ⡣
һǷ
ٽ֯γһƬķ⣬
ʮߣٲʮߣȻһ
ÿһӣѰһۡ
غڰףȮǧ֣
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18 
ܿʪǼݣǲҶƬչɫ䡣
ʱ˴ɡɡɡϵű˦ȥγһСƬĻ˶٣ŵ㲻ȥ𣿡
޻Щȡ
ʱظĴʦ֣Ȼ֪ԷδΣɰ˵СҲǴдģӦɨ

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ЩжЩ


19 
ڡһЩЩ͡ЩЩԥƬ̺ݼҵ֪ƫ˺ߡ
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˰ӿʦȻ۵ףԾЦתͷ˴ķ羰ĵɲԼʨӴ󿪿ڣ˭ݼž˶ʮʯأ
ǾۣҲҪһ־ǶʮĶֱоɣԼʮ򣬹
֡
߹ʦüͷ΢嵽˽壬ϵĲͷ֮ɫԽԽŨ
ǲ亹ľսʵľ
˽Ƭ̣ʦɿ豭Ҫ
΢΢ۣ뵽ʣ°Ԫҧ¶˾ġ
Ǯ׬ֻһ
뵽Լǰǰĵ˵ԼóСĴ۲桱޲óȥסԼ졣
㳤ˣͻᴵţ
һڹʦ΢֮ʱѾ¶˼ĵЦ
ݳװʮʯǬͳһ͸Ŀһֵ֪ƵĲߡ
ʦʮʯͷѪȴȻҧ̸ЦһҾأˣǴҲЦɡǴжҲҰŪ׸Ҳҷ˴󹦷ıֻܵùʦһŵ

Ǵ˵ҪͲҪˣʱ΢΢ͷڷڣڳޡ
Ǵɣ޸ոո˴׵ĺë̺棬ֵһɫĺڳǰĸʱԺ룬Ż˵Լǰڿջײߡ
ذ֣ǸˣֵǮҪҲͲҪˡ
ʱ΢΢üȷ֪Ǵɵļ۸ɣ
ȻҼеĹƷĿҹĿ˵ġڳȣƥʼǰۡ
ٵƽ̹ͷãֻվҲǰָ֣յ壬ϧվֻܹаƥǶ˻ܿգֻҪƥ
ϸ룬˸զļ۸֣е㲻ȷ֮ûǴĻʱһ˶ʮһģһġʦϲĻʹѶͼ׹
̫Ȼ⣬̸۵ĲǴɣʲô·С̯ϣһӾʮСˡ
˵̹Ȼϣֿ˵˭жٻе㲻ȻһԵ
ƫƫ˿˵ģǸʱ
ʦǿ޺ŵ㻨Ǯĸʦ֡
ʦֿϣһ࣬˫ֱأɢҾͲˣҼǵãмλʦϲЩС
Ҳˣֻǲ֪òõó֡ϾⶫҲȷʵôֵǮˣҲƽʱûСʱҼǵǴɻᷭ³ʵǲȵˡ˵ͣҲֻһᣬܾҲʲôֻΪ޳ɵ
תʲô΢ǰϸʵˣʦ֪Ǹͷ˭ħ˵ʦɨʱûеϧˡ
Ժȥ鿴ɨ򡭡ʱڷ˶٣ԥ׻ǲ޵һ
졣
ùǸȷڹǡ
ޣ
Ŀڹͣ˰Σųɿʵǡҵģ
ʱܺءšһȷʵⶫòôۣʵõģ֮ǰҲˣʱʱҲܡұ಻ȥ鱦ҲȷʵǸǣҹȥˣҲ֪֮´˵õõ
ޣ
һѾؽӹǣӽԼǬĵԼǬռ䲻СѵûõﵹҲⲻ
ʱŴµؼӺͷ顭ǵʱȲҪ˵𡣡
Щ⣬ΪʱбĴȴû뵽ȻѡԼ
ƺ쵽ɻ󣬸ʱֽһ䣺Ȼûо쵽ħֻħԪȻ¡ңÿ˶ԼĻܣҪʵĻ͹ˡ
޾ͺǷϸʱԸ̲סЦЦȻͻȻʶһ¡
ߣȴͣһ˲
û³ԴĽǶȿȥ༱ȥķ羰мƬҶķбųķ
ʱҲһ̣һƬָ䣬ٲͷЩ㣬ƬҶҶڳԱʽ˯Ķͷɨ˼£ǵ˯еСʮֲ˼³
ڷ깴һĨɢЦƶᣬ
ǳֱһεظʦ֣ѽǰĵɢʹǰҵĽϵһ
һҪ˵ĻòҵȴɢӸݸΪǡ
ѾһֱֽеɵһĻˡ
̲סҲִ˴ظϵëë
ϸܣһ˲̫Ρ
ݵؿʵĽʴֻһ˲һ˲󣬱Źţ··վһˡ
׻ǿ˿ڣʦ֣м¡Ҿҵǰ㡣
ʱ΢ţ
иСʱԵݡҲ֪˺Ƿټʦ֣ĽԲȻԿʲô취ѽȡ
˶٣ҧһ䣺ʵҲرۡ
ʱĬ˺ܾá
ܵúǻٵԱҲǶǷ羰ʱҲӹ䣬жٻع鰲
Ҷ飬ĳͷػ˼κ󣬸ʱƬҶֻʣһҶָһ£ڻ촷ٶȥ
޼Ϊʱشʱڿˡ
Ȼɢһ˫һ΢΢ղĺڷȴ΢סеɫ
ۡ
޼ΪԼˡ
ʮǰԿѪѪֶĴʦ֣Ȼ˵ۡ
΢˵㾪㵵̧üȴʱɫ̹Ȼл֪ʱһŴѶһɨݣЦЦѽɲɣиСƺҪˣҪ֮ɱŶ
һ㶣ӹʱݹĴѶֽͬʱյͨ籨š
ɫ䣬ȴ̲סЦһ
ЩˣȻѾȲ
ûһԲƿ·ĻѵǻֱϲС
һ룬һȥǬƱ˼ҪôȽίغ͸ʱӽԽܵ·
ȴϸʱҵҲȷʵ뵽и˻ʿֻǸһƢʵǹŹ֣ȥҲһԸңʱٲҪںߺúö˵ôʱҴ̣Сʦûá
˵˹شӻͳһƱڿһ
ƿɿ·һƱڸʱƯָ俪ʼգƵ·ǮԨ
羰ãתۣѾص˸Ԩڹٵ֮ϣǰվѾۿɼ
ǮֻаͣǬ
ʯ䣬Щ㱵룬֪ΪʲôԼ֮ǰøʱӷʱƮݵЩˡ
ԭϣ⣬ȻԸǮ·
ҲϣǮٶȾȻ졣
Ǯƣ̲סпұΪѾ㹻ӻ޶Ƚˣû뵽ʦ־ȻҲ
û˵꣬ͻȻӺЩ죬ƺ֮ǰʱҲ˵һģһĻʱͣס󼸸ڴ䡣
ʱôشţ
ʱüһЦϾո


20 
ո
ĸո
޿Ÿʱع黹ڷ½ߺ΢΢ҡڣɵһ
ǾеģַܿӦԷпڵ٩ظʱǾ䡰Ͼݡ
ԣǸǸ
ദȻãҲսһȥʱԸˣѲ¹̵ӡ
Ҳĳ̶ֳϱͬԷֱſһľ棬ĵǼ١
վλòǺۣϵĺɫҲûñס˰ӰҪ߳ȥʱȴǡһӴվǰ·
˵ңɽڲ¥һڱصõӣ޴С㿴߼ʱǸߵӣǺ˼䣬ʱϾȻҪ
Ҳˣ޴С㿪ڣǺ˼ô죬²ңɽǰʮ˴ɨ䵽˰ɡʱϲǾ˵ڰŵʮϲȥ˵˵ȥɣ
㣬˵ӿڳҿӦ˳ͽһְԸˣ浱ظ޼ҵ£ҲûڸıΪ
㣬ȻϲˡǰŶء
ӽų̺ܿ죬۷׷Ѿ̫ˡ
վԭأɫ΢
ȻǵңɽǶԷɫ԰ףȴǳڵáûеյ䳰ȷ£𼤣仰۵̨Ǳ˵յǺ¾
޵֮أȻ۵ĵط
ظ۵̨ǵ֮дĵط㵽Ϊֹдд裬ҪȻ
һ䣬ֹͣ
ȥʱȻ֪ʱʼģҲ˸ȫ
Ҫ˵е㲻˼ģ޵Щ뿴
þûˣҲͦ뿴˳㿴ڵʦʦǶôʱɫȴ̹ȻӲǰѴ˵ùûȻһ𣿡
޻ôһ𷨣ʱѾüûˣȻҲƺҪĶӣȥ˵ѾˡҪ
˶٣Ŀͣϡ
޶ˡ
Ƭ̺󣬺ڽͬһ
ʰ쵵ֺڽͷſ˫ᣬɷ
½ߵӢ꣬ɫĳī񷢻д紵䣬¶֮Уǣֻ֡
һֹֻǽڷƯһֻҪС࣬ȫȦģֻ¶һɰָ
Ӽһ족
ļɤ˷ܺͺ棬ܴ󣬵ʱվǰ棬ס˴󲿷ֵ쪣еӵͷȥǧеĺҺɽ͡
£ĽǶȥ֮ʱԹ񹤡
ɽͲ֮¶䳡·ѧʱ˸߿Ҳʶ
˶˵޵ɣĹɪš
˵ĵط̡
Ҳһ˼̻
ظԭԲŮմײǲԾر֮ǰθס˸ʱ֣̽ͷ̽ԵĴеĹȱʯķɽԭһ㣬ôƯ
ʱͷЦһúܵ͵ǺƯ
ʮ˷壬ǵҲҪʱ䣬ϣɽԽȥ۵̨ټϸʱٶȣûûΪޱֱĿⳤͦ˵ϣЩܵĻ
ߡ
ߣߣľֱߣҶĹ켣Ҳߡ
߽֯棬ɫγػ
ָʶضŵøʱ΢ɿһ㣬ŮָһһŲա
ȼһֻܸоķ⡣
ϸ΢ᣬɷʱȴ͵߬ס֡
һηӲԼġ
͵ػعȴʱûпĿ˲ǰԶˡ
۵̨ȷʵѾǰԶ
ֱӺ͸ʱһ۵̨ԱȻ̫ʣԸʱݣҲֵվӾ۵̨߹̨ϵһţδ˷֣ͻһ־硣
ڴ˴Ȼһʱ֮Ҳʵĵط޷ȥ
Ըʱ޵ͫ׵Уսͣһϡ
ÿ۵̨ߣһΪʮ˪
ʮĥһ˪δԡ
հʾ˭вƽ£
ҪƽƽҲĲ಻ʲԸ󶼿Ի۵̨ϵһ⣬һƷɫһ
ʮ˪ڼŨܣҲߣۺڣԶïܴƼǧǰظ֮ʱˣǧ֮ҲδԺҲб仯ʹǼ֤Էľ
Ҳ˵ʮ˪жƬҶӣǼ˶ٴξ
֮ظӵжʥޱȣ飬ʮ˪ļ֤£˵Ժ󣬲ʽۡ
ȻҲôá
ʮŵرԱߴҷ֦һߺԼȲȵȥһΪԼȻزʮ˪ޱȡ
˲ǣ´˿Ѿ˵ӣʱʱ̧ͷϿ֦ҶïסںŲõĵӽʮ˪
òҵǿվˣٻͷһʦִʮɫСѾڲԶĳ֦ʮʵذɺˡ
Ǭͳ˹ӣ
һϵƵ죬Լϣ˲ɣǵһ￴˾ˡ
޳ֻɣȥÿһʱʱط֣
ע⵽ΪֽŶЩ԰׵ɫʱź֪ʲôȻҡҡԼʳָ
ʮֲԡ
һ̣ʱѾԺ
ģǻģҪøˣܱһʱɢţɵ㣬Ǹ֦ܽʵʵڽŵĻҲԵεĹӳû㲻
ǵָ֮仹һ·
ĳ־Ȼôõ
Щ㱵ԥƬ̣ǹؾصԼ֦ϡ
µ˲䣬Ҷ΢ΣŵٴαԱߵɣʮ־¿ȥ±˷ˡ
ʱ̲סЦһ
޵Щ߳ŭĵŭЦʲôЦ
Ϊף࣬ټЩţڸʱУֱɫצСè
ŮؾУȫʹҲҪ̧ԷǰΪѾǳͷƻӮ˶Է
̿Ц˵㣬ȻŬɿȥߵЦٴöԷԼеɫ
޻˵ʲôһ߳ٿ
ʱϣǶʵ˵ЩŻĻҿŹײͷվʮ˪£ٴӵϵҶһƬָдԼ̧֣һӣʮ˪Ϊ֤ۣ
Ƭ΢ƵҶֱֱҷ϶пïҶȻµļߣȻ󡭡
ֱֱ
ޣ
ҶЩ㱵¿ȥ
ȴйһ֮Եļʱվڴ档
Ȼ԰׵СΪŭѵЩΣŭĿעӴƬ̣ס촽ȻҲһƬҶӡ
ʮ˪Ϊ֤ۡ
һ䣬Ҷֱֱӹ޵ĶǰоƬҶתƮ䣬ջ޵ϥͷ
ޣ
Ҷµļͬһ˲䣬ʱѾһվ۵̨ϣƽֱʦ㣬ʵʦҹΪԴ˽òս㵽Ϊֹ⡣
ޣҿȥɣ˭ʦ㣿Цһ̨վ˼ʱ϶档ϲ£ƽȥѧʱ֮⣬ٴ
죬ȴ㣬һɫ
󶶿ޣңָ²԰Ů˵ظȻе֮ͨҲͼһ죬һ㣿Ҹ㣬ظôظ飬һһظ󡯣Ȱңɽظֲһָָ㣡
㶡
Щ޴۸ˣûס۵̨ߺһ޴Сſھ޵ʱҲû鰡ôֻ˵ˣ
ŭҰظʮ޵ʦˣʲô£ʱһңɽӣƾʲôʦã
Ϸɡ
úľսԼ֣޸Ѱ
ʱü
дŴֵҶָ΢١
û˾ôһԾռƬϷ磬޾벻ʱ鲻ĵͬţȴȻΪͷһ
ȻԷȷʵ˵ţûкʦ㡣
˵ΪҲȫԣ㲻һͬŵӣ´Ҳԥվ
ԼǴСڻǴϳԭ֮УڡԼˡĽ綨ʶǿҽ۶󣬶Լ飬˲֣ԥһ¶⡣
ʵǷǳϲû˿ԶһָԼԼ޽٣Ҳ⡣
ٴʱ˿̣ϣ䡣
µסɢ˪ʡ


21 
۵̨һƬ
Χ˼ûϵȻǰ򣬴Ϊƽֺ̬ΪΪ۸ˣϾȥҲʵʮֳ
û뵽ȻʱΪһ£ӲڰϼʱϽǰ
ʱϵıȴƽ;ӵˡȷʵΪξԸ˷Դڵ֮ͨϡ˾Ƿˣûκδڵ壬ѵܳʲôңɽ˾͸ȥҪһμиСԣҵȷҲмֱʽλ޵ģϧڣʦҪͣȻ㡣
۵̨Χ۵ҲӣʱϵĻӵɫЩ԰ףǵͨ죬ҧס´ȴû˸ҷ
;;ͨ͸֮һ˵ֻڴ˵еˡ˶֪ǰ·ֻϣԼгһٿ̤һׯ
һǻŬ˼λңɽŮǰȴֻһ˲мЦ
˵Уʲô𣿡һӣЦһظԴϲ˭ϣֲָָ㡣ϻ˵ν
н뽣Ħ𣬼ʱϺ󳷰벽ѹӣֵʦ㣬ȷʵֳǿһ㡣ۣʦ仹ü
ΪءŶһչһ񣺡롣
ʱ㶣ɫЩȡ
ңɽôǳƽֱӣȷʵûнǰȼ˵
˽Щرȭʦ롣
۵̨һרΪսĲнϰԵͷһ̧䣬۵̨ܵķȼ˵ʽ˵һΧ۵ĵӡ
ңɽĽһһǳɣʱϳգٽַڽϵʱƱ֮ǰѾС롣
ȻʹˣȻȴҪǿ
һվ̨࣬΢΢üȴȻƽļʱϾͿԿ
ƽĮĮȴѾ˼ʱϵ֣˵Ҫ㵽Ϊֹҿ񰡡ô֣ȴҪһСˣĺܲһɱĺء
Ҳǿ鿴ʱЦЦ̧ü˹
ѾԳڸʱĿ̹Ȼˡ
˵ͷҡҡͷֻ֪׽ȫѹֺ󳷵ĽܹʮʽֻƽĮĮԴңɽңɽĽУϧû䣬ȻͼûһҲɱĥĽ۵̨ϣܾáЩס
ȷʵƽĮĮʱĿЩͣڼʱϵͣ׹ӵҲ˶١ȻͻȻʵСʦã㣬а취һ𣿡
Ҳ⡣
һ˲ʮֽ벽ʼ⼸ҲҪֱӻһıȻ
һУҪ㹻ĵԪ֧š
ʦǲǶʲô⡣գеɰͰ͵λС˵ҲϾһ֮ˣ̸ֽ˵һֵҪһ
סķʡʱЦҲԸһЩָҪʽ㣬ԣʣҪľֻһҪԿ𣿡
ҪԿ
޵ͷԼ֡
ʱȻģһʣȴȻ·ص˻ɫʱҲҪԿ
Ȼ˳Ľ⣬һʽ鲻ȥ
ԽĽ⣬ʱĽǷ񻹿÷سĽ⣿
࡭ʱһսĽ
Կ
۵̨ϣոЩǱػر޵ס˼ʱϵ𽣣ѾЩʣŵЩܣһ̣һޣ
ƿգ߰ѶһĽǶȲס˼ʱϵĳޣۿҪٽȦס
һƬͺȴ۾ͺһˡ
ϲɫ
һΪ㡱סʱԪս֣ҪһޣɽԷеĽ䡣
ԼѾԷĽ۵̨ʯϵ
Ȼһ̣ʱϾȻֻһѾкеԪ
񣬼ʱϵĽѾͣü䡣
ˣüѪ¡
޷û佣ҲûĵԪײʱǰ档
ֻ˵ʱھľѹ£;ȷʵл֮
ѪȾıٻգ޵üͷøЩ
ΪʱһסƫƫûС
ʦ㡣ңɽĽƽֱͣŮȻޱ飺ӮˣʦҵǸ
üʹܵЩ־壬̲ס۽ָ
ȴȻһЦðʦõǸҾǸ
ǱֻеˣҴӲ˵Ǹʱ䣬ٽǰսʱǽĳȥһأٲ䣬һҪʦˡ
ҧսгޣ̨һҪսȴٴαʱһ䡣
ڱ˱ۡ
Щʱֻ˵кܶʱܲĳ֮ǰҪǣ벻롣
֦Щ׾վ
ʦַȥ߬еıʣȻȷʵЩԲԿ
ʱеĹӣչһЦðǾԡ
ԥһ£һ䣺أ
˾ѽʱʮ̹Ȼֲˣ¶˲Ը䡣
΢΢һ٣֮ǰЩŵһɨգȻЦȷʵˡ
ʱϵĽ䡣
˶ΪƽĹְŶʮֲʱǱЩֻ
ܿ죬ҵЩ仯
ʱÿ佣֮ǰظһ飺ʦǸ
ѾȾѪĴǱȴǿһĨЦɱҼ򵥣ҵǸΪ˭
ʱϵѾ䵽˼¡
۵̨£޿̵غһ䣺ʱϣ㲻˵㵽ΪֹδҲ̫ˣ
ʱ̧ٴһѪڻ㵽ΪֹңɽΪվңֱۣһΪֹصģظ۵̨ĹҪģֻһǸѣܹ𣿡
̨һƬ
Ҳɵÿʼ룬ҲҪ󡭡ô֣
ʵʱϺ˵ҲûСȷʵԴô࣬ƾʲôõͨƽռˣ
ûȻȰȰƽʱȻҲϲôңҲͦĵġ
ǰҲеӦ
ܹ֡һͻȻȺ֮Ҿãܹ֡
ʱϵĽڰգɫҲ΢
ȾѪŮͷ۵̨һ࣬ڿ˵֮˵ͬʱһ䡣
ʲôЩѵشӵϳӣԶ㣬
˶վڲԶԲŮ
Щ糾ͣȴȻƯҫ۵䱦ʯ˳ŴҲֿ·˹
޵д𣿡濴̨ϳֽŮҾûд˲ôáȷʵ˵λСˣɺȻС˻˷ʱеķϡ
۵̨ߵ̨һһϣͣ۵̨Ľ֮⣺СˣֲмӦý㿴ķ˸ϳظλͨǰ;ʦȽʲô£
ʱϺ̨߼ʱɫúѿ
ǰ;ĴȽȴ˵ʲô¡
ѵһͨ۵Ǳ
ǲϵ۸˰ɣ
޵Ļֱ䳰ȷǶ˵ȡֺͶ£ƫƫȴּȻΪķŭԵʮûò
۵̨صأϣʱϲ뱻ĻߣһֻۣվǶѵ۵ɣ
˵ͨò²ߡ΢΢һЦ˶ӣ¶Լŵ֧ʣһ񣺡ԩͷծСˣޣͽ̡


22 
ۣ޾㲻ǷˣҲǺԶˡ
ô룬ڳ˶ҪôʧķˣҪôǲˣһ
һͨ˵¾ǿˣҪôȥͼʱϴǸʣ
ѾоˣôǱʲôأ
ʦãһգǵҲҪͬδ̤޵֮;ͬŴ˹СһҲ͹ȥˡ
һ֮УȥⲻǰͷӶ˻𣿡
ҿȰȰ涪ˣҽֺ۵أϿˡȰҲ澵ԼɣɿԼＸɡ
ҲҪô˵ʦõķʵúܺõġ
ǰɣ޲ҪȥɣＸۿɼ˺ʲôͼʱϴѲһƨ˼ң
֣㲻Ϊô˵Ҳûе˵ͦлеĹ

ϸΧȰ裬еǣĻ䳰ȷͺЦ벻ммϸΪ˵ܿͱĳЦû
Щܻ䣬ƺ˿Լ˵˻
˭֪޾ƢõǸ֮ǰ֣һôӻＫطһ£ܲһҹ֮ͱӲɣ
ο˵ҲʵȻʵ˵˵ôˣ
ҲȷʵֻվɫЩ
˵к޲϶ǼٵģƵĻѾ̫̫࣬ǰԹ԰ҲǻЩˬ
ҲҪ͹ȥһĬ̹ȥġ
ͻȻ뵽Ҫ۵̨˵׾Ϊˬ۵̨ˣˬΪʲôҪţ
ôţʱͻȻ
Ҫҳ֧Ԯ𣿡
ǿסԼͷһʮ˪ĳ嶯֪ʲô
ⲻǺܼ򵥵ĵ𣿡ʱȻЩɢȴ·˵ʲô쾭飺㲻ˬˣȻҲҪǲˬһ¡
޶˶٣סеЦ⡣
ȻϴҲԥػػ֣ţô򵥵ĵȻֱ졢ʱȻ˵˳ʮ̹Ȼԡ
ȷʵˡԼԣ
ʱЦð
һô˳ܣеţдһθ壬תЩڱ޼ɵԼˣһ
ϲ۷׷׵ʶͣס˻ͷܾվǶԲŮﲻһˡ
ͷ𣬱޵
˭Ҵʦվ̨ǶˣȺбվҿж˻Ǻϵ˰ôôΪⰡ
ΪʲôվѵҾӦƾǷˣ˵ǣҾһ뷴ҲǣǶλҲܲȴվûУǶԶ˵Ķδ̫ЦЩ
֣ţϴδõô˵ĳ²һ˵˻Ļҽ㻹Ǳ졣
㣬Ȱ㲻Ҫٵ֣ŵĸˣ֪˵ԼķᶼǴӵĸķݹӻĻͻÿһӣĸϵѪǮ
˵ıʮ΢
һʼǶ޿ڷľȣĵλʦôͻȻһ̬
Ȼ󣬴ҵĿ𽥴Ųŵ֣ŵϡ
֣ŵɫͻ䣬ƺҪ˵ʲô
ȴ޷ɿؽض˻ͷ
ţҪ˵Ѫˣϸ룬ô֪ģ
ĸһβģҩȥץģ֮ûбǼݹˣҴк˼Ǯķ˶һͻȻȫĸ㡣
̨ԭЩȻȴ޵ڼž
ŲŲҪ֣Զһ㡣
֣ţȰҪ޵֮ǰ˰ɡ
֣ŵǵԽԽ죬ȫû뵽޻ὫԼʱȫ޷
ϴҾӦá֣ں
ϴΣЦһΪϴ飬㻹ܼظ󣿡
֣ŵɫرˡ
Ҫֳ޵ҡ޲ܲõضĿ⣺ңڮңҿֶǵáҸġظɣТʲô벻˵࣬Լȥ췣ɡ
еķָɵתһǶȣôʲôҪ𣿡
û˵
޻һȦˣٿλСȰͬš
ϵĺܶʱһûкգֻƿۡ޵ҲһǸողģϣҲסתĿڼʱһͣٿʱϣظһ飺Сˣͽ̡
ʮ˪һƬ֦ѾУ֪ʱ֧ȴȻûӵĸʱȴһĨЦ⡣
ڿйӣ׼ؽƤһ˦ͷӽԱߵǬ˲ɣ˵Ǭװ鱦ǲװ˹Ƥ
ʮɫСһྐྵӣһ߻Ͼ棺ʦþȻݣǰ;δڰ
۵̨һƬȴٿһ
һֱڳĬĲнϰһۣͻȻڵѪǺ£çײ㣬ͨԲ۵
һƬȻ
ͬΪڣеԲĸС֮䶼ǧӴոżоѾٮٮ
ҶΪʱҲϾɲнϰһŷ֪ȻԲ
оĴԲһҲˡ
ȻҵͨôоϾǴԲ˵ʵûʲô𡣡λнϰһ񣺡ллѣһҪԡ
ʲôԣ
еɢ˪ʣҿ
ƣΪԼͻửԷԽΪԼǴʦ֪Ѿжûгֹʦ𣿣нϰ̧ۿɫЩ䣬ȻҪԼķʽֹⳡ˭ﶼԵùֻ۵Ÿոտڣȴֶסˡ
ΣЩŹֵ¿һۣӲԼ˵Ļȫ˻ȥˣҪҲ㡣
԰˻ȥĳĬĳĬ
޷㶡
ڲ¥ֻƬž޵ĴʦೡԷԽΨԵ֪̫֮ࡣ
ϣѾûгֹʦ
ʱϺεȻע⵽˲нϰı仯ԭ԰׵ɫñ֮ǰһЩ
վһߵļʱһۣЩ벻ס
ͨķ˱ȽĽ֪нϰҲûƣȴ󵽵ĬһԾȻЩΣԣͬ
ɲнϰжϣΪԷǿ
ңɽ˭ǿ˭˵ĻǶԵģһɣҲͬá
ѹеŭ벻⣬˽ϵѪ飬޷˵Լһսٽ۵ƽ
ΪԷԼеġˡ
ʱϵĿԲŮϣ֪ģȻһصĲ
ܿ죬ͽѹȥ
ȷʵѾԲôһˣ
һȻˣ롣
ʱڣȻŹ˴
űӵŮ·޵ʱ򣬽Ų΢٣ڵһѪ飬ҧΪһ顣
޻عЦЦһ顣
ҭƬ̣ŵȻ˵ɡ
۵̨ķ߽ɢȥ̧ʰףվ۵̨ʯ̨ϡ

۵̨ΧѶĵԽԽ࣬ͷ̨ϵҲ˵Լʲô̬
û˾Ӯ
˶ЩȥܷһĻȴȻһ˲˲ؿ̨ϣԼҲ֪Լڴʲô
̨ϵʱͬάظͨվȴǡеĴˡ
һǷ˲ŻᾹȻЩһ漣ͻȻڵ
˸Ȼ
ʲô漣أ
֤˲ûдڵ塭漣
漣Ļ
Ҳˣ۵̨ۡнϰ׻󲹳һ䡣
ʮ˪Ϊ֤ۡףֻҵԪãнеһҲҪŵһãϰ޷ʮ˪ӳҶ
䣬ļʱѾ̧һ񣺡롣
̨²м̧üѧõͦ죬ǵ´˰ѻ˵갡
Σش˶УڴЦ¶ɫȴȻƽ񣺡롣

ʦڲɺߵСϣû㹳ƿˮ棬ںҽ
Сͷüͷ΢壺һ֣Ӯˡȷʵ۵̨
Ӯƨ˼ݣŭ㲻ҪҪнϰ۵̨ĻᶼûУ
Ҳû˵㲻˵ʦڣһ֣ܲӮҶܡ
ɶ񡭡Ϊʲǫ̂ʣ˺֪һŵҪ˵ܣֻ˵ܣͷӣޣ
ʦ޾Ƕ𣿲ˡ
ƣģĵԽԽ࣬ɺ˿ȴ·С붼ڷڣ⣡
Ҳ˵ҿſģҲǱ䡣ʦϲ˵Լ䣬üͷҲЩɣȻЦǺǵذο䣺Խ绹ӮδҲ̫ˡ
ޣΪҲ֪㶼ʲô㿴ǸľϻߣӳȥǮ·ң㿴ˣԨῴ𣿡Цһ̫ûгĴʦˣûѵûȺ߶߶ģϲԽܣɱģҪ
ʦЦŨȴƽٿٿҲһľأ

ɺڵݲ۵̨ʯذù̡
෴֮£ʯ䣬ǸղŴµĺգ˿ҲѾ͸졣
۵̨߻Щӣ޵ѾһƬ
ʱ΢΢ѹ壬ȻƽĮĮֱʱȻԿԷıȷŸͷ߰ɱҲŨ
ֻ̧־˱ʣ˼ŷֽ
ɱԽŨĽԽ֪࣬һеȴԻе
Ϊ֪Լֻһ˲Ļᡣ
ȲڶԷδֵʱ⣬ҲöԷԼ̧ʣѾˡ
ʯ̨ʯ壬ݺύѾĳֺƺڰ̰Ĵڡ
ϣģڱ˾֮ʱжϳԷ֮ಽ
иżʱǰǷأҲи޵ĵȻȣʱϵĿҲƽ
õĲһ֧ʣҪסԷ·һöӡ
̧֮ʱѾԼĵһ

Ҳ
ƽĮĮĽųٿһʱ΢šüֻԼʱҪһɵĵԪԶ٣ֻ
Ҫľһ١
ʱϵĽ̫죬쵽׽סнۼֻҪͣǵ߱ᱻ֪
ɢ˪΢
ϡĵԪȴ˿˿ƵĽ⣬ǽϸ΢ֻǽЩķһ𣬼Բ
΢Ľǵһʵһ
飬
ʱоûüӦȷ󳷣ûͣȣ̨¼ʱ𣺡ˡ
Ķӣ˰벽ԼǰשϸĻҳУٿһѵİߣҪЬ⡣
Σȴ΢׽̨µֻܿʱϵĽųˣ޺ֻֻ̧һ±ʡ
һֱԱߵĲнϰٿŰ㿴ǿ۵̨
Բۣʲôõʲô춯ص鱦𣿡вԵĵ̧һԱߵˣ㿴𣿡
ûûа᲻ϴ˰һ̧־üʱˣ
ôܣ۵̨ðô£

УȴΪ𺳶ֻϸܵֱһЩľګҸով˵˰ʦõķĺܺá٣Һá
ľܵһߣ˵ߣڿбȻһ£Ƿ
ҵǸˡ
ڷֽϵֶ
ƽʱЩܼӼ٣ػѪֻ߾鱣ƽȷʵеЧȻǿԶԿ
ֽŮڱˡ
ĿⳤõԼǰǿשϡ
ʦվ濴ޡ
ǵԺ󣬲΢һҡҡͷ֮ˣҵֻǿѡ
ǰҲ˵һĻʱ˶֮Աǡ
һΣ̨̨¶ѻȸ
ʱϳĬãپٽüǰϵһ񣺡ңɽʱϣͽ̡


23 
ٽǳĶֵ˼
ݳϱѾһ㹻˸е𺳵顣
ֻڳ˻ͣ޲̧ʣʱϱѾҪʱһ˰벽Ļ龰
ʱ˾ٽӦ
ԼղȻġ
޾Ȼġס˼ʱϵĵһ
Ǹ˵ͷ
ʲô

ֶ
ԽԽ˾ۼ˼λŻɫ۵ϰ૵ԭԡȻ𣿡
һʶʵʲôţ
ֻһ˿Ӿ硭Ȼô˵Ҳ׼ȷӦ˵ǿ֮ͬ޵Уп羳֮սĿԡľܵĶžīӻǷʦ
һЩ͵ŤͷȥֻܵĴӣѵҲ
ңžīһ㶣Ȼ֣Ҳеģֻܣܵ˵ӦñΪģϸִԼǿʦǷʦ
ûϸˣڶžī˵ǵʱ򣬴ұѾȱȱתͷ
۵̨ϣȥȴЩ⣬Ѿʼ½֯
ɢ˪ʵÿһʶ죬ÿһε£ԼʱϵĽΪǲһһ㲻ܳɡ
ʱϲϻѧнȫ˳
Ȼ޶ʵս飬ͷô꣬Ȿ㹻ĽףӹĽҲѰҪ౶
λ˳򶼱ˣȴȻ޷һʡ
Щôǿȴǡøոսÿһǿѹġ
Σ֣ȥȴԵЩƺͻ
ʯذϵķԽԽܣʱϵĽµשҪɰשϵĺԽԽϸܣȴڵͬʱٱ߸޷صڵ档
޵ĿڱжЩ⣬ڵĵԪѾѹե˼£ʱĶվԼģοôεĻʣǿ֮ĩ
ձʵȴȻȡ
ʱϵɫԽԽףԼԼĽ⹹ɵķ߶սĸоҲʵ̫ƣѹԽԽ󣬻ӳĽҲԽԽң⡣
ֱδ𽣣ǰȴͻȻһ֧ʡ
һֻԼĿڱǣѪָһֻȴȵͣڼʱü䣬סж
ϴ⣬ʱϿظоһԼظüĶֹҪִ𽣣ǵһǰ磬ֱļ
еĶһ˲ͣס˼һհ˼˲
ͻȻֱе΢ȥȴԼ侹ȻѾ֪ʱѳǱ鲼
СˣáԲŮӮˣСʦҵǸ
ʱϵ͵һ١
ȻСȻ˵ǸĻǱֻеˡһ̣ȴŲ絶̼㽫ʱϼղĳȥһأٲ䣬һҪڼСˡ
ղŶԴ˵Ļ
û뵽޾ȻὫ仰ԭⲻذϣһͷ
ʱϴС󣬺ԹĿܹ
һ߬еĽָǼףȷʵʵʵڵˣһʱ֮䣬Ȼ֪ӦݻػǴ䡣
һڴ̨
ϣˣɡ
Ǽʱ
ʱеĶһ٣˾Ľ
ҲסЩãȻؿŶԲŮΪʲôܿҪʲô˼̫ʽ֮⣬ƵĽô࣬ôжϳģ
ĵλͷһµλúܶ࣬Ҳܶ࣬ô߷վܻһ㣬ֻҪҳǸͿԡ
ȻҲÿζҵǸ㣬кܶΣò໭ߡ
ûڣȴһͻȻ˶ٽ
ǵһĲнϰѾ񣺡ϣôˣ
òнϰ˳ƺĳϣֻһλǱǴиλѾϡ
ϰЦе·ѡ
һƬУʱȻӦʮһ˶ʮʽʮ
֪Ϊʮ˶ϵº͡
ʵҲáֻʮΪԪ㣬̫٣ֻܶ໭һס⡣Ӧһٶʮһ
е㲻˼ЦЦٿʵֹһ㣬Ǻܶ㡣
̨̨һƬ
ı޿Ʒһŵġ
˶Ըط⣬ҪҵЩ̫ͼڴʱֻǶŶѣΣġÿ˶һʷ䣬ľڵصĸо
ֻһʡ
ȴٶʮһ
еıʻͬѰٽʡԪҲʵʵġסһλڴԲĽģٶʮһߡ
Ȼ˵Ľ⣬λСѣҲ˵ĳָ㣬ʷʱѾˡɢ˪ܽʡԪ⵽ٶߡϵȻºͣȴĵȻܳܵס˲𡣡
˵˵Ľ⡱ȻѾһЩʲô
ʱϵȻҲ쵽ʲôҲȷʵ˼ʱĻԷķȻн⣬ȴͷβֻЩ֧΢ĵԪ
һϣǿǴƽ
ΪҵͨȴԹܶôͨоͰ÷ȥһһСջ˱ʣٴǬͳһ־ԼڱѪϸɾеþˣȻǲܹͨ顭ҪǿôһЩ
ϵĸп֮⣬ٿ̾˲𡣡
ʱһγĬ˸á
Σսʣ޹һķڷ磬ǰҴԲѣСԭ¡
ķڷ̨µҲһۣȻ
ͨǧǧ˶̤ϵ;Լгһܹ
м˸Ϊ÷ȥԼĵ
ۡܵס
ڵĳͣ£ҧסʱ䣬סԼȻģʦáҲ̫ˡе𣿡
ʱྐྵӵ˰գרע͸ЩҶƬվǶ赭дſЦ˵ԼʲôŮ
һ֮󣬼ʱϼȻѾ䣬Ӧ뿪۵̨˶٣׻ǿʵСˡ˶ٵ
룬кܶȴֻһ֡
ʱϲԣһ֣
ôལķôֻһ֣
ģ£ȴΡҪһ˶ߣ˶ٷչ鶼һַ޿һֹסĽƵķ
˲𡣡ϵθпƬֳ̣̾һϧˡ
֪˵ʲôϧ
ϧ츳ȴƫƫ͡
еʧ䣬ȴҲѾֿϧϰΪЦЦϰ߾ͺá
ϵЦȻ㣬Ƭ̣ͻȻʵɳʵڿϧʲô֣Ը𣿡

ƣ俪ţ䵽ˣĵ֣ȴЩ˷ܣӦÿù˰ɣôˣѾˣҲܸȷ˰ɣ
ʦüĿչϵƶ࣬е΢ΣЦⰻȻش֣ٺ٣ٺٺ١ˣˣֻʣµơ
ȴͻȻסˡ
Ƭ̺󣬹ʦȻŭվҪߣǶŵˣôôҪ˵ֻ˲ŵͷôͨĵӶˣò˻ˣ


24 
ĵЦһ˵ˣ㲻Ҳʮʯ𣿡
ʦӵ۵һΪ˸ҵŮܼױһСʦнˮôͣ׬ôˣҲҪôҲҪииɺҲһǮƣ˵ôܲ㻰
Ů㹢һŮ˵ֶûǶƭ˭أ֮Ҳ̲סˣƿڴ
˭˵ģҵꡭʦһԼСʲôԺ߳ŭСѣĻſڣӲסˡ
ɺеݱЩϡ裬ƺе˲ſڣ㷴ӦԼ˵ЩףӲס죬ȴѾˡ
վǶõ۵ͷЩɪ
һʱ֮䣬ɺϵķ磬ɺµڣƶȻֻ¾һϮõ۵ָ⡣
˵Ķԣһеǰ¡ʦͻȻڵСϸ˶ӽǬʱ򣬻Ҫġȥһ֣ȺĳѾС϶ң
ǰһӰѾʧ˲ɺߡ
ʱʱСòһ΢п̾Ϣⷽء

۵̨һƬ
мλϰһۣӶԷпĳһЩ޷˼
ȷʵЩǮ
ݼǸԲʲôҲ˵·ֻЦе˵ɵǮڿҵǮҲǸ˻̫ҪиСʱ򣬶ޱּĬǮ
ȻΪ˴ﵽĿģλòǮᵽٶһЩ
֮һȥڼÿеֵĽϰ׬һʱҲ˵ղζ档
Ҳȷе֤ݱҲ̤ϵţʱһλ꣬ȻҪһ۵˼Ʈļ۸
ͷǮˣܲµ
ˣ֣ǻ֪ǽиս
λϰɻܶ࣬˶񣬴ҳֻž̬չ
ĵۣϵĽ
иԴ󲿷˵Ѿһյ㣬οĳһλϵ£
һֺصĸо
һ̣ǻ޾ȻӮ˼ʱϵУͼȥиԼȻ
һ̣־㣬ȷʵֵýи󣬵ͬʱȷʵͣ򷨲ͨɵõЩ벻ظо
ҽޡԲŮ̧ԱţЩɻؿʵи󡭡ԲԾͽŹ𣿡
عأŹ棬ȴҲ˶ġ
ĵԼô꣬ѾվиĴгϣƸոô
ȵȣʲô
ޡ
ŶݼǸĽ㣬ް
ͣٵʱе㳤λϰţѾʼԲơôŵĵôҲ֪ǮظҪʬλز͵Ľϰ㱻ˣһľˡ
ЩŵĽϰ૵Ҳû֪츳
ֽİУȴڻعĵؿޣºͣ£䲻УԶ飬·ҡǡûȱһͯ
ϰ

ҿϵʱȻ𾴡
ѹ˼ииȴֻһСϰأ
ⲻʹ
Žù򣬼ȲˣҲΥŹ棬ƻˡ
˵ͯ˭֪Щǵͯ۸ڶĵλһЩϰҪߣֱӲ뵽һЩһҲΪ
Щӿ޵ĿѾˣѾڿһλͯۡȽȽ֮ǡ
޵ȻҲ֪ϿԼͯĳ̶ֳ˵̧ˡ
˵ǼõġǧѷĻˡ
ûǰһЩ䣬ûпǱС飬һϲЦտ־ϲظлλϵ
ϣû
־ڴˡ
Ѿ飬м·
ˣҲ뿴ˣһΣȥŲǧң
̧ͷʢĸмڴǣδڣͻһХ
ⲻʰɣߣһᳰ۵̨ߣĳСʯϣõ۵Сͷͻأվ棺㶼ͯˣУظĸҲû˵ҪԴƽԼԤ㣬Ϲиʹϰ𣿡
ϲͷϮõۣȻºͣʦѵҪһλͯҪͬ⣿
ҲŲں಻һλͯʦ˸̧ۣһ޵ķ򣺡ͯôܽиͯأ
̨µĳѾٱ˺Ե֣Цһֻͨ泩ܿһĻȥ췣ҲĲôĲ鲻ԸˣЩˣΪܻ;Լ˲ˣ˽İʦи˵ʲô
Ҳףֻͯѣֲռи˴εΪιʦôԸǶ֮ʲôԹ𣿡Сʵ
˼ǰĳηſκ󣬹ʦޣ˵˼仰˵ʦ뿪ʱ򣬱鼫䲻ãҲ
ȻЩ۷׷׵ĵӣλϰٴˢ¶˶Է˼
Ǯƣĵ䷶ɣ
ʦ˵̽ȥ˲٣ȻǮҪƯƯģƣⲻ
ҵҵʵᱲģ
²ⴧ۷׷ףһ빢ʦ϶УȴüëͺӶûжһ£ֻңң
޲иͯ˭ԣ΢Цʵǲܽи˭ܽ
ʦ˵˭ܽƨ£ͻȻԼһ֮ʦҭһ£ߺߵǧ㿴ǸľܵСôҿͺ˳ۣո̨ˣӵСѾͷҲ˭УУ
ϿŹʦ쿴ؾǲҿ۾¶һĨѰζЦݡ
𣿡ףãӦȥأ
ʦϻʶѿڶȥģȻȥݣ
һԳҰš
ŻڳԲѷ䳰ȷ֣͵۾
⹢ʦ˵ͼļλʦס˺
ʱеĹƤмƬûȣ˵ϣȴûע⵽ʮ˪
ֻжһơݰǶҪȥƱ˵ݰͷô£
͵ػͷȥʱȴͫɫɫȴƽ㶣ӦʲôЩ㵵㶼֪ˣ
ţ֪ʱ
ôȰȰĿݰػų򣺡˿ɾ͡ɾˣǿɾûɰʦˣ
ʱĬƬ̣ſڵҪ飬ΪʲôҪ棿
ǡҲʲôЩ޲ߵ
ҰѺڹǸˡʱᵯָĲŰĹʵ˶Ȼٰë
еȻͣˡ
ɫСһţóסֵԼЩ˼ҵëŸոճҲˣӲεĻĺ۵ģ
ʱףš
˿ǻġĺ۵ģ
𣿡ʱʵ
߿ޱߵΡ
ʮ˪ϣСıʹ˳Լëʼѡá
𱻶ĳɵҶ
ҶƮ۵̨ϣϿ򹢰ʦߡ
ϵɫˣϹ𣿡
ʦ˵ھͺˣøƮҿһֻۣءšһ
˵ô໰ȴҪһ¡ЦȴȻؿޣأôѡ
ҡ죬Ҫ˵ԼøľܾĻ
ȴͻȻ̧̧֣Ǹ㡣͵ϼһ԰ɣͻȻˡ
ִľʱ׺ڡиСô꣬ǰҿԨﶼѾˡСģ⡷ǰһ׻ȻÿҲҪ޿ɳˡһ̨µӣЦЦǶ𣿡
еǺګګͷˡ
еСҲ̫˵㣬ڳ˵飬ȷʵʵ̫ˣûꡭ
ЦݼȻˣǱҲóˣⳭˣ˶Ҫɵˣӵʱľǿԣʲôһܡ
һڵȻϺͷϸʵںѰǸϵĪЩ˳ĻеЩѪڣȴкܶ
ˣиСҪô
ѵ۵̨һܣ
֮иСĿҪһġ̫ܲƽλľܵСѣԴһϲͨи֮ǰûÿ⣬Ϊ˺ǿһˡ
ƵһָݹоŰپʮŽףҵȨ޺ΪǿԱ֤ݵĴǰһٽ֮ڲġȻˣǱһٽΪޣһٽ׵ģи󡣡
ʦɫȴҲ˵䷴֮ԡ
ֻôʱ˿̵ʵ̫ˣ˵ϵЦݺͺϾ̬ȣҲÿɶ
ʵڰ಻סߣʲô˼
ʲô˼أֻҪСһѡĻѣʲô˼أڵӦһҪ˵Ļǿ߳ŭӣȤɡԼ㹢ϵˣܲȥأ
԰գǾԼʵϲɵ¶ʮЦݡ
ôˣǱݰɡ
Ұš
ǡݣ
ġĸݣ
ݵƣݵ


25 
˭˲֪
ݣɼԼѡ·ڣӴǰֻʣǰһ·ܻͷ
ȻǻˣҲڡ
Ϊȥ޻ء
û˲֪ʲôҲû˲֪ݵ⣬˻Լ˵һЩݵĿɲ¡
аСֹҹ˿ֲ¼ΧҰ㲻ҪժֻݸĿжģһžͻѪжȵȡ
˵ˣԱһٽ֮ǰǣŲȥʱ򣬻һ߻ͷ·˵ףҶҪۼ޵֮˶ŷɥ֮ǰٲΡΡ̧һֻţϡ
Ҫ˷ݿ־壬ѾҪŬˡ
˵Լ⼯λһϲЩʧǣЩ˵ĺڡ
Ҫ໰ǲǾͲõˣ
Ǿ㲻ǣҲе⼯ȥҹսˢˣϾǺ̼ҵ⼯ֳֺһʱˢģ
ǱϾݰ
иСһһۣӵɵ˵ڶſʼ¶Щ˵ҪѣҲ˵Ϊٿ࣬иҪƴ˴ģȴϾ뿼ûˣĳ䶨Ȼйء
϶ʱӣδҲ̫˰ɣ
֮һϢϯظһʱ֮䣬ѾиĵӶ̲סüʱȥ֡
һȥҵǼѾ˷ʱϿƾ׵һ
ɫ΢ףߴҴңҲЩЩɵݵķȥҪȥ׳׳ȸ㡣
ΪһʱĿʽ㷵ĵǣȻһɫ䣬
ڵأ˵ʲôݣиСˣɵݣ𣿣
ǧȷ´ʱҲѾˡ߱һ񣺡ǲţԼȥظǰƺϿ
ʧǵãмԼƵؿʼɿؼԼͨ˶ٹϵȥ˶ʯ
Щһöʯˮ
뻹е졣
λߵĹܼҴŷ·ϵЦݣȰسߣٵݸһˮ

ɫףӹˮλӺ޵ķ˵ǰ
ıżԵĲͷôûã
ݺһϦֲ֮ɣ꣺Ǻ˵ģؽϰĹϵѾ߶ͨˣͻȻ˵ݡ
˵һ˿㵣ݣСأ˵
ĵЩȣô˶ظҲʵڹˣѾظָƣҲһ²ŷӦ˵ĿǰиλϣԭʦеߣԱ׽֮˺һߡ
˴ǰʶ
֣ĵףȻŹ֮ɫ
˵ĿƵһĹܼϣԷԺȷϢʵԣϵŭݸʢ
һŬѹԼŭ⣬һ̣ѾȻԼǰһƷ˹ȥ
߷ɣҵžŭһŮ¶عڵϣԶء
ʮʯǿʮҪܶ꣬ܳôʯ˴ڴŴϸ֮ǰӺݵѾȻ޴棺ߣǹİɣǻǺŵЩ£Բҵİɣ
ҲҶ˵Ҷʣֻеɻ֮ǰЩ
Щ¡ʲô£
Լѹĵס
Ͼںܶʱ֪Խ࣬Խ죬Ҫģǵʲôû
ܿ죬˾ŭݣƷʧشŭǸ˲
ӣҪ˵Ұ׻ôǮȥЦһ˿Լüõ֣ԼƯޢָ⣬ᴵ˴پӸµؿˣҲ˵ôһôõĽء
ôáĽе㱻ŵˣǶ˶٣Щ׵طʵ
ȻأǿݣΪ˭ܵǵģü˵ȥ˱ߵݽǰѾľ˻
ϾǿǵҶûпĵطҲУ߲Уޡ˷һ޴İۣҲ
˰֣ͻȻ¶һЩζЦݣˣʱԪĳˡ
塣ؿһĹܼңˡ
ܼҵ˰Ԫ۾ǰڴ˿̶ɢ˵ʲôϵأһУδһ̵ϡ
ҩЧɢúܿ죬׷ȥļƱø٣ͫϲɵ¶˾ΥġܵԼʺϲɫ
һ̣еıͣϣγĳֹŹֵ͡
Ƥͷǡ
һ˾ȻκηӦʱ䶼ûУͻ촷ۡ
ذϲʣµ·һĻֵָܼ́һָڲϣɫ̼˼µۼ
ܼ治ɫؿһУֱȼմɫˣˮеһ񣺡ϲˣƵˮƽָ֮ࡣ
˵һЦʵҲɱģκ֪̫ˡȻҸղһʱ˵䡣˭ء
Щϰ̰īһ¡ܼҹ
Ƿҵģܻỹġе𺽥ջߵһЦʱظûˣһںʯ𣿡

۵̨ߵɢȥƬӶʧ뾪ŭݵķӿȥͼϤܱߵΣ벻ϡ
Щɫؾֱ¥ҪǰǵļҵһЩԶԵа˿ء
Ц޵ļ磬ȥʯõ۵СͷζؿһۣһҲȥӰ
ŵҩߣǶžīްһöԪȥɫתŴЩĵ뿪
ʱھʱͻȻͣ˽Ųʵ˵ԪһĻҵĽҪٵ
ʮӦ
ʱϴڽϵ΢΢һʣΪʲôҪҳĽһ
룺ĵڶʮ˽޼ʣһʱ⣬Ҫ໭һߡ
ʱ㶣޼ʣԳ𣿡
ףЩȻ֪ҪһȴһͺȴӲԶ
ϣ㻹Ҫ۵ʲôʱ򣿡ʱɫѵվڼʱ󼸲ĵطˡ
ʱɫ΢䣬Ȼٴαȭ޸񣺡ǰԲѷҵĴǸϣи㡣
ȻȹӣЩŵظ˼ʱһ·Զˡ
ʮ˪ģֹٿյƱҪһЩЬҶײĦҲ͸һЩ
һǳһŵزȹɢҶ̧Ͽȥ
Ӱ涣ôվ£Ҳû̧ͷϺؿȴû˷κ쳣
̧֣ȴȻһ˫۾һ˫ڶһС۾
ͻȻЩȻ
ʵǸʱλжΣĳַñ˿ˡȻĿ֮ٳüһЦ
ĹˣȷˣŸ޼ϣó򻷱סأҵޱĺޱѪˣҿûУ
Сĵβͣһָë׵ظû¡ԪȻˣΪ٣پҲʱ䡣
һָǾͺãǾͺãɲҪҶƸУǧﹷǣû취顣
ޱЦٿʱʱԷҲЦ⿴Ǹ֣ˣʲôʱ飿ô֪
û뵽Ȼǵһ磬ҭһ£һģʦ֣Ҫʵĺ˵˵
ʱЦԷǣĬƬ̣СʦԽԽˡ
һʵеǶʦ̵ֽúá
ʱĵԼûнת뵽ԼĴΪĳ̶ֳ˵йɣѽǾ⣺սȺ۵ĸоô
Ȼӵۡǣ޿ԼЩǵʵû뵽ᵢƬ̣ǻüȥ˵λǰǱ𣿡


26 
һյʱ̵̣ܶ˶ʱ֪ҹ
һյʱҲԺܳ㹻ʱ޻ӽǧֱ֮ظ󣬴һǵ𶯵ļܣЯɽͣ;лһظС
޺ǽŵذϣΪʲôϣ
ΪǴֻɵ񣬶ɵϲʱ̽ͷ̽ԵضСĶͻȻͷʵử˯𣿡
޾ʲô
һŲǸͷĳҲŲɣʱһֻ֣š
ޣ
ΡΡɿ֣ǲȵغϣӲڸʱע»Ż˯ٿǹؽӽС
ٹСʱ䣬ĿɿڴؿŸʱСһӣֽӳ
ֹʲôʱѾ˲ɺߡ
ɽϦ΢䣬һϦɫ̫ҫۣȴȻȾ˰еӳɽи󣬿ȥ綼һůɫȼա
ܾ֮ǰڵһΡ
ˮ㣬˴㣬ȴҲˮɫ
Ҳȷʵˮ
ȴ·һֽʵճ
Ϊظ󲻶ɺѺ˵
ֵط˭˵ˮһˮأ
̷õλû˵ﵽ׹Ѻ˶ٷˣҪ˲һ
Ҳ޷֪ŷɥλħޡ˵ħ壬Ѻںкδǻ
ʱĽܿ죬ӲɺһӶء
սص˲䣬ȻӸʱĳ֣߬Լڣ߾ȫԼĿ־ֵòҪ̫ԡ
ҵĴʱȴѾʲôǸȻӦǰ㣬ĿĵǲɺǺ顣
ָ߬ЩףȻ˵Լ־ԭȻȷʵΪǲɺȴҲˡ
Ϊﲻգججرȥ˲էһɺЩ谵ļȻȻ¸Ժ
˳ĬƬ̣޵׻ŬЦЦ𣿴ʦҲ𣿡
ʱĿڲɺϣǻʲôԭŨڵЩգգۣЦҲֻϾҪҵ˾ں̫µĻûȥˡ
ʱҪҵ˭ΪʲôᾹȻⲻɺС
ѵĳλ
ɸʦΪʲôʶˣ
ˮһЩٴĳֺˮеζƵرζ͸ҵɫЩѿ
ȻңʱЩǣʵ
ȴҡҡͷ۾ضź棺û£߰ɡ
ԼЩͷѣֱ֪ûϢͳٺڰĸоǻþȴ֪ԭþҲԽôû
Ҳ㹻ѵģҲĳ
ĳһжûзüıֵ
ʱ΢΢šüʲôû˵źȥٴӵһСʯͷ˵ࡣ
һ̧֣ź˳ȥ
޵ĿⲻظǿʯͷʯϵĽƿ棬ˮٿһֵֻ״ٽʯ͵ش˻
ʱɫʮɣҪνնأ쵽࣬ԼѾû˽
סһʱܶЦԷǵȥȴѾһִֻűʣԼǰöʯϡ
ʼʯһ֣֮ըѰŷоȻ˽ʯ֮
䱻𵴿ʯȴͻȻ˻ȥڰйЩǱ˵ϣƬ̺롣
㽣أЩ𾪣û˽ôô
ǰ仰ǴЩȺ͹У͡ĳ˺̲סҪߣ˵һ𡱵ĳ嶯
ʱҲȷʵôˣһֻ֣ͷһ½
ִֻ˲䣬ʱеĽٿ𣬲ɺһ߽磬һĽȴмѭ
ķ磬ֻЩȻźƽֱǰ󣬱㾹ȻҵҪһն
ˮ𣬳ŭΣĭӿ˲Ϣ֮ĳʵʵĽʣȻ뽣ײһ
޵Щˮʪ⡣
ۣȻŲɺзĺˮȻĽ⣬֮ǰЩƶһ״ơ
𣿡ֻԼظ֮ĳͬڵ˼ԾԾԵתͷҲ𣿡
ʱ
û˵ʲôеıѾ˷
ɺˮſʱĽ˰أתͷһȻ̫ȴ㹻ŨĽ⡣
еֽһʱף۸ͷӣ㲻Ҫ
䣬ע⵽ǲǽǷ
ˮڣٿһֻ֡
һֻһߴ֡
ֳֵֻͬʱٿһ˲
ĺɫԽԽŨİôױע⵽ƺֻбͻȻ׹ɽ
ͬһʱ䣬ظٿվ
иɫ΢
геĲ豭ٿó˵ˮ
̷öͷ˲ɺķҶʫһԼʦŤͷ̽ʶȴԷ̧֣޷
ô£Ҷʫʵ
ɺĴˡ
ҶʫɫأѾıϣȴ޽ţɵһ㶣뵽ʲô̽ʵǸʱ
ЦһҡҡͷȻЩΣЩп˭ȥǸͷӣ
еȫ̽˺档
ֻڰ黨һ㽫޻ӳǵģһգٿеķⶼ顣
۵ˮڰ΢ͣͬѵǽƤ£ײˮ
ǵͻȻյúܽ޽ǰһƬЩڵݣĿ޷͸ˮɫȻЩݵʼٸߣửȴ£ʲô
罣⣬ԷȻһ޵ķȻ֪߳٣֮ܿ⣬Ҳ
޶˶٣Ӧҡˮ
㶣ʱҲ㶡
ֻж͵۾ʲô˼飬ʮ˷ܵⲻҲˮɰ˶ˮˮһпɰĵˣ
ķԨĽ⡣ʱô󷽣Ȼѱ͸ˣ
ʱ֪ͳСԼһһʾҲ¡
尡˵Ҳʱ̾˿һµʱ龰ʵҲʲô취ƽ
бΪ˷˸ݣ
ʱŲæشǬͳ˷˳ġµĺӣں֮ϻ˻ΣһӻһĴ𰸣ղֻǵһ⡣
һӽˮγһСУӾУ庬Ӧ취С
ֻҪԨȻͳˡ
ʱӵֽ˽һأ
ǵڶˡ
ǵڶˮУһѽסٵҪôȥտ⽣ԨȻص
ʱɫ
޵ڶտ⽣ˣҲѾԼΪʲô⽣ֶˡ
Цһտ⽣ӡλϹħ˵ξܰεģ˵Цˡˣ˵ףһҪȥݡ
ʱû뵽䵽󣬾Ȼƻ˸Բֻص˵ϣûЩתҪߡ
ȴ֣ʦ֣һһҪλǰԽһ𣿡
Цһһһ⣬ǸʱĴۡʣȴһ𡣡
ƢܺõЦЦȻӷˮ
ָⴥɺˮˮ䣬ȴһֺƱ˰ĸоȴûг鿪ֻ֣ͷʵشҲûϵֻͻȻʡΪʲôҵͣ򷨲ͨ


27 
ӳˮУð𼸸ݡ
ʱפڰߣ޵ıӰϦͽӰüЩɢڵϣҲЩˮС
֪뵽ʲôü߸һĨ֪ӺζĿЦ
סǸӡ
ӺƱ֮ǰҪһЩɫŨȻʱƺһ㣬пǳ͵ԼԵģϾʵЩϲ̨棬Щʣֻõ˲֪ʵζ
Ƭӣһҧ£֮ǰЩǰΪʲôأң˭ΪʲôأͲΪʲôҪˮһʮꣿ˰еʱҪѧġ
޵ָڲɺˮ˺ܾá
˵ֺαǧٴε÷ȥԼĵαƴȥסдԼǵõЩαϵǰԥֺαҪȥǾһݡ
ЩǧذתգֻЦЦ
ƺһֱں¿ĬƬ̣ͻȻЩŹ֣տħԨʲô
˼Ƭ̣ʵ벻Ĵ𰸣̽񡭡
һ㶣ЦʲôܷʲôȻҲǷħˡЩħ²ԨⲻϳԭܿЩ²ڵһ֣ԨȻ뿪
ָһ١
뵽ǸӴԼڵͷӣѾԼµ˶Էħ˵Ҳ޲
˳ˡ
ԨڣǸͷӵġ
ʲôҲû˵ֻ˵ʲôҲ˵ֻʵҪɱ𣿡
ĪΪʲôҪɱ㣿
ħ²ˣѵӦýɱ𣿡
ô˵ңǸСҲһָͽ㰴޷ôܳħ峤ЦһҪһݣʱǶΪҪ£
ҲЦԣ˵˵ȥҪݡ
ҲԼһʼһЩɵ⣬վתҪߡ
ȴٿһתأ˻кܶġ
ʶʵж٣
ƿЦЦشʵиʹ⡣
ȴѾ뵽ǰһĴ𰸣޵һ飬𣿡
ЦҲǲܸһЩڵݵָ㣬ϾȥȻЩָҲһЩҵʮǰһдЩ֡ԺŹǡ
ʱѲµβתۣüëûжһ£׼ʹͷһ١
ȴ˼ͻȻڵϰơ ʮ ҿɽʮ˾ֻǡ¡һٶʮע
Ȼסˡ
޻ڱһ˵ʮŶ˶٣ɫϿҵ򲻶ɺķһݣҵȻҲܿ飬©ǰָ̡
壺
ߵĻӲҭ˶
˵ʲô߰飿û˵
ô˶ô鰡
ݷ˺ܾãмҲ֪ǲǱʲô߳ŭŴġ
еãȻ˿棬ٿ˿ʱ
ʱ¶Щ̿Ҫڣ屩ŭ
̸ָƨǣ
ʱҲֻ֣Цеϣ
һ²ڽϣغХȥ
ɺ˺ڰúֱ»ָļžõСͷƵ˹վ˺ߡ
ҲˣҲȷʵˡʦҲ㣬ݣҡ
Ĭ˺ܾã׻ʵ㻹ǲ𣿡
ΪʲôҪʦЦЦң𣿲Щ˲˵Լǵðˡ
峤̾˿ɺϺһ֮䣬һʵİɫȻȴһ޷͸
Ǳ㿴պܲȥ

ԨٴͣµʱѾܺˣе⡣
ȻҲǺף˴ѾԺ֮ڣΪʲôܴ󷽷ڵϣҪô
¸գף紵ɽݵ飬Щ̲ס˸ǷԵú롣
ߣޱʱĵԪء
ʱüһԵøͣޣҪݵʱˣ㻹ʲôҪ𣿡
һҪ˵ĻԼǺú˯һԼԺϤζڷһЩԼƣ̧üģѾ̫ûϢˡ
ӽʼڣһ·͸֧úȫ־ǿš
˵ʲôˣҪȥ̷ýҶʦ㡣
򵥣ҲҪȥ̷ýҰùȥʱ
޲ŤƴǣɿԼǬͳľƣݸʱ
ϵ괹һݣȻûж׼ĿԼԺСźߡ
ȴͻȻ뵽ʲôû˽ʦҪôȥ
ʱ˵ԴһȻ˳ֳô࣬ȻЩô
µһǷոմһ룬ֻ񶼽Ӳסˣʵû뵽ԼᶼˣԷѹեԼ
޵ضŸʱȻһ໰ߣ̫뵱޵ֻҪһ뿪Ҫʼˡ
޽Žɵؿ˶Ƭ̣ˣתҪߣһٿֶסȻ󿪿ڵղšλ˵һҲʹ⣬Ǹˣ𣿡
ʱû뵽ǵ£΢΢һ١
µԲŮתͷϿȥղҡڳһСƬڵӰڸСʦ֡ѵҲ𣿡
ΪʲôңãʱɫȻöȻŹеЦ⡣
ǡĳֱֵ룬Ӧ
ʱЦһ׵ţںСʱȷʵʹ⡣
Щʲôе渵ʱôںСʱʶɺеˣȻҲ֪徿˭ЩⶼЩ̫˽ܡ
Ի߹һȦ˻ȥֻһ䣺ҲԴʦֲ𣿡
ΪƽкΪأ䣬ûоԵĹƽʱƬ̣ЦһǣȾϵͨºѳܡȻĺ֪ĻݣٸĴ𰸡
޻˵ʲôʱѾָʲôƮƮġ
һһƯĶë
ëᣬ紵ʱëϵëëҡڣӵ΢
ˣȥϢɡëպãݵʱǵôϡʱɫɵس˻֣ȻϣֻҪϣһȥ
ʶʲôʦҲǹݣ
ʱ˵ǣҲ˵ǣֻЦЦ
ؿĿëϣݺݵһ±ӣеһҪǵôϰǧǧǿǶëëأҵëë
ƯָöԴһ̣Сĵٿʵëƽ̿չɲһƬϼٴŸʱ𣬼ֱ̼ûټ
ĿһһʧȻĶĿɫʣǬзһóһƯľУ֣صؽë˽ȥŴԼķϣ׼Žȥ
ͻȻʲô
һ£ȻŸʦ֣ΪʲôټһҪأ
ҲСëأ
ѵΪ̫Уһֻһˣ
Ҳ񰡣ղŶܱôأٶĸҲûأ
߰һЩ˼ֹ˷ţٴӳһŷڰһףƣ㱻һɨ⡣
޷峾ֻ̳ܽɷȡá
һ̣һ˯µԲŮһͷ˴ϣ˵嵽ǻԻ˯˹ȥ

ɫסɢһ̷õԺſڣһµҶʫ̨ţʱֻ΢΢üȻ׼ӣ
ʱƹȥٽ޵һݰʯϣתҪߡ
ҶʫƣЦЦؿﻹݣ
ȷʵУҲȷʵժġʱɨһۣȻѾ֮⡣
ҶʫءסһһѾߣһݣУԵԪϸ˿
͵˵İɡü֪ʱƭˣ̧ϵɣ˳ʵGôߣȥѽ
ʱת̤Ժš
ҶʫʵһҲģʱ˵ƫҪ֪ȷʱԶˣͳһˮһΪˣĵԪٿ£ذ㵹ӳظطľ
Ȼÿһ澵ﶼûиʱӰ
ҶʫɻһûȥûȥɺûԺᣬȥأ
ҪˮͻȻ뵽ʲôɫһ٣Բۣǰɣʱ㲻ڰɣ
ıɫ𻮹ҹգһɫ׸ߵϹ޵ԿϢеͷһۣͫ΢١
ĸôµıȻҴ˸ůƯСΧţ޶ˣáЦʱɽµ㡣
С±ķ֮һֱ۵ĴСЩƣ˸ʱͷ̧һ߳ļ򣺡˯ˣ͡
ʱӦá
˵ȴûжٿͷĳ
ȻŴ˴ҶʫȻһ֪ԼˣڨЦһɵ𣿾ϤÿһʯͷϵĵȱڣҲܸ
ʱ̧ͫյĳָȥһ⣬һѵȻ
ҶʫЩ߳ŭ˵һʲôʱȴѾˡ
Ȼ¿ǰʯ̨ףĬãͻȻЦһԳҶʫƨ¡
һ̤档


28 
һ˯úܳûʲôΡ
Ѿܾû˯ôˣ۵ʱԺңңԼ˵㣬ȥûкλÿ˵ô죡һĻ
Ȼ˯졣
ˬԾױԼϲƯʯͷϣϵǬץһԼϲζٹȵһӽǬ
һ·ϵɽʱͷϣ峿ķ绹¶ζ
λԭӦиСĽϰ볤Ѿˣݺ㣬ҲüͷɫʮֲԸ磬Ըôĺö˶˿ԣ˵ȡȡˡ
뵽һԱڵϣö˶ԷĿ⣬ʱЩεһϣµתĿ⡣
ǽһĻĻ۵ףЦҲЦֻɿ촹ۣװԼʲôû
һλиʦʱ䣬Ȼչоᣬʼ˴εݵĹ
Ʃ˴εݣʱ䲻ޣ鱦鱦٣Ը
ƩȻ˴˿ţûиСʸδ忼ҲɵݡƼΪ˲һܸܵԪȴһۺʹ࣬һӦѺԸ
Ʃ磬ʱ֮ɽϣɣҲԸ
ԼȻһٽΪ˴иСĽޣҲЩϰڵĵ̨ȺͶ⼸λϰ£ڴפɡ
һӶ΢˿жϵԹҲࡣȴҲиδĵüͷøһʱ֮Ҳ֪ýˡ
˵ĶѾ˵꣬ȺеҲʧһƬ
ЦⰻȻôλСѣһ
⿴һ۹ʦȴԷǹ۹ģǰһմŲµĲһ񶼲
λϰһ֣ʧԭأȻȥݵĳһףֻ֮ǰλʦ֡
ʦֵıһʮȻɥУʮֺ۸ӣĹΧ۵и̲סЦһʦ֣ô㱻ץ׳ˣ
˴򹤻꣬˳ԷҪ衣ʦ˵ֻҪҰʳѣѾ˼ˡʦ̾˿Ǽǵļ±˭ϣ
㿴ңҿ㣬Щӵӣһʱ֮侹Ȼûվ
ȻȰɡһľܵĶžī̧ͷҲδҪ£վںܸߵĵطһϷ
ʦһԱŵظžīݡ
ʦֿһۣĿľϣд۾ͻȻЩ⣺ܶ
ȻžīԭƽҲЩ⣬ָ΢ľܱڵϣһǰȥǱϣȻΪ̽·
ܺáʦһĨЦ⣺õ㡣
˶žīӰԼԿŵӰͰСĿһһ϶ȥ
񲢲ѡ
Ǻܿеڶĸһվ˳ȥ
ô𣿸еˡСҽûһ꣬ȿ˵֪ôףҲ
ôһӦG㿴ǲ̸ôҲݣڻǶˮôôȥݣ
Ҳô˵̸֣Ҿȷʵѵýڻô꣬ûһˣõҲֻԼǷнˮȫȥˣ˿ԣ̸֣ûҪ˰
֪˰ɣǿ˵Ǩˣ˲Ǯ˵ڴ󸻴벻ò±ˣ̸ֲеȥݡǿ²̸ְ֪ʵоˡ
ΧһƬм˲֪˴̼Ǳʲôԭһ̸ıӰҲҧȥ
ЦЦĵ裬йȻĶ࣬Ȼ뵽Ǩշְ취˼ǮҲΪˣȥһҪԵõġ
ܻȥĻ
ԽԽ٣ڹµȥ࣬ѾԿɽ·Ĵ֦ĲݣԼߴһطЩӱӰ
ϡ
𣿡
ǰɣݲΪѵȱ˶ˣһϣ
Ҳʵأڲʱˡ

ʵʲôûȣֻǶݵط˻˳һ¸ճȥıٹȵ
̫һ㣬޳˵űٹȵȷԼĴƯëǬ˸ʱǿĪĴڹǣɵЦЦȻڴȺ˳վʦǰչһ
ظޣݡ
ٿȻһ˲ľֹ
еĿⶼһ˲ϡ
Ͼĳ̶ֳ˵һݵʼٸߡ
ʶһؿ䳰ȷ䣬ȴһ֮ǰʱϵһսֽѿڶĻӲ˻ȥ
л˴ǰʦŭҪ޵ݵһĻҲѴи󣬾ۼĵǲɵöЩ棬⾿ΪΡ
ʱսĽһۼʱһۣһϣ
ʱϻûӦһЦ𣺡ô겻ɢҲҲһˣ˻ڵݵĹµʲô֡
ֵ˳һ񣬴ظݡ
ʱɫЩ߳ŭ΢죬ʱȴѾҪ˵ʲôǰһ̣ƽǰ̤һظʱϣݡ
ΧһСƬ
ʱĬƬ̣Ҳòظʱݡ
ʦޱ飬쳣ޱֵʱ̧ۿһۣ֮㹫¹ؽֵǼȥٲÿͨݵ·
ȿڣȻڵһҵĵطٻͷЩӵЦЦΪߣͣ˭ҲԽ
ʱ˰Եɵá㣡һ
ʲôңתͷߣΪҿǾǹڵʦ˭֪Ǵʲô⣬һ𣿡
ʵС֮ĶȾ֮ʱ޿̣ŭȵ
ҲС˵ġ༥粽á
޺ƢЦЦͷˣȻˣұˣ
԰գһǰʯϡ
ʯ׾ʯףʯ̨ûκ
һҪ˵ĻҹС꣬ʯȻ·ȴȻ⻬
ʱ򣬺һ볾ıȥ

ǰЩӰԶĵطͿˡ
޿˿£ټߡ
伮йص飬ֱһ棬ͻȻˣ֮ǰԼ࣬ԭʵûá
ÿ˵ǵݣвͬд⣬˵ɽ𺣣ͬÿ˶ǲͬ״ƣƣȴ޿һģһ
ÿ߹·޿ɸơ
һһϣƺ𽥱Щϡúʮ˳𲽵ԽԽأ˵ھŽ̨ףһģſ̨ϡ
ߣʮһĵӡ
ۡ
ϸϸڵϵʹﻹĳַ·ɵǾʹſŲָоʧֻҪͼǰ۱ԽԽء
ûоٲͷϵӰɵáѽһһ
ʦҲͷһۣĿڴϣûղλʦõͨɣ˵ͨݻһ㡣ȻһضȥҲˡ
ʱ˵ͣˣʦҪδ̫ԵЩ㲻ݵĻ鷳á
һֻ̧ͷ֮ϡ
ʱи۷׷ףϾǶĵʵ̫ˣʦֵĻҲ޷Ҳ
ȺУһλаԵĵӲս˫ȭŵؿ޵Ӱ
ڵ顣
ʵΪԼѾ㹻ŬȻͨΥŬҲˡ
ͻȻޣΪݻӻ˼ȡԲŮ
ΪЦһʤʱϵĽȻ֪·һãȴȻΪһݣٵȼͬͨĵȴҲеĻ
Ȼٵ
һʱ֮䣬Ȼ֪ԼΪĵ¶е޾ʧΪҪͣˡЩįο
Ͼֻ߹ͬһ·˲֪·̫ۣ̫ˡ
һ̣ǵôϸӰͻȻˡ
ޱشӵϽԼ֫ۿɼڲȻ̧ȣͻЦһٳȴ㹻ᶨǰһ
۶ѣۣԼºָԼĵ
̶ֻȵĻ߿ݡ
޵Ķۣ޷ƵһõЦݣʽɨ˼ʱһۣ˭˵ͣˣ
ȻʼˣҲҪȥҵˡЦûƬ֮С
ʱ̧ͷʯһϵԲŮ߬ȭͷڴҲ̤˰ٻͷһۼʱϣŸʲôˡ
һûݵİһϡ
Ȼؿ޵ıӰһεݵͣٺֽ߾ȫ̧ϲ֪ʱѾۡ
һչ񣬴ظԣ롪ݣ


29 
ʮŽ̨ס
޿˶žīõžīͷȫǺ飬дȴЦ⣬ڸ߸˵ظչʾԼеľܡ
޵ӰžīǾϲؿ˹ʦã
һ̣ľϲȴֱ˿ЩǱʱĵǣֹƬ̣׻ʵ㻹ҪʵҲȫʺ㡣
޳ͷЦЦȻҪ
´멵Ƭ̣Ц䣬ȴŵúܻ˵Сŵľϣм㻭ķƣòϷԸ㡣
Щ⣬פ񣺡ллҺĶһٵһԿ
ڣԸΪǿֻ
֮ɽӵĶУͼ޼εվӣٿ̨ͣϲͬŵӣΪ޾ҪӦˡ
ȴ䣬ʰףϡ
ʢЩ޵ǰҲб˵Ӱ˵ǵٶȲһƾȻѾʮףû˿ԽĿƿ
Ҳû뵽֮ϣȻ۳һվʱд˷̧ͷʱǰǵӰȻǰҲӲǾӵٸ޵Ĳ
Ϊڱ㡣һ߷ǰһһ߿Цһ૵ԭ顣
ǰһףֻԼСԭ׷ĽŲ
Զĵطʱ֧ţȴȻصڵء
ɫ԰׵ЩȻƫִӴ̧ͷȥǰ޵ıӰȫ̹ʹ
С㣬ѵҲԹʲô
֪ʲôǿ
ʱȷʵһʼͷǳϲޣȫĶ飬ӵҪһУ֪ͨʱ޷̵룬ӦȥȵĴС㣬ֱ̬Ż
ֱ޾Ȼһ˼ʱϵĽ
ٵʱ˿̣ҪҧǿŲվһ֮ͨˣȴȻվǰߡ
ʱҧס´ֱѪζ봽ݼ䡣

ĵﲻ
ֲҪûңɽ֮ضС꣬ٳӵҧǰȥ
١ٲ
ͨġˡ
ǵģ˾Ƿˣܴùʱϣңɽ˵֪ģȻǷˡ
ʮ̨ס
˶Ǹձ˴ˮ̳ͳһŷԼɾ̧һ㣬վ̨ϵĳλϰһ
λϰıӰͻȻҩҲǲˡ
޽Ų΢٣ȴûתллҲ뵱ˡ
仰Ҳͬɽ£˶
𶯣죬ҧٵһףпȴͬҲңǰıӰ߬˫ȭߡ
վڵһٽ̨״¿ȥȻЦݣȴĬãٿڵС۹ⲻ
׵ը˭Сأ۹⵱Ȼҵ۹ʲôʱ
ҲգֻЦЦһҪһ裬㲻Ҫҡ
ʦֵҵס㣬ѡȨֲס컯סɾͲҪٴʲôˣ
ϲÿɷһЦٿ̤˵ʮ̨ס
֮£ԭЦ䳰ԽԽ١
ݵڶ࣬ȴд붼б̨ϣҲЩ˿֧ţʦ˿ܣߵģȻʮˡ
ʵи¼ȡԼǶţ
ҲͰʮˡҶÿԿ̫ˣԺҲôˣԾʴȵ顣Ѿиֵʦ૵
ʦǼ˺üʮҳֽ̧ͷ⣺Ҫ𣿡
ΣӲʣʦ֣֮ͨˣϣĻߵøһЩ𣿡
ʦ룬ͳһŷԱһӡ
Ͽһϵİʯ飬Ȼ顣
˵Ѱʿϳܵʯ֮ʹĻȻ֮ͨˣԼڴ˵ʹɡȻҲûеǹݣҪǣҲѿЩ޷ֹķʽݵġ
˸Ƿһ飺ûеĻҿչˡ
֮£ԥѾ·б̨ϵͬš
ԼĵŲŬӣ뿴˭ܼϡ
Ȼڿ޵Ĳʱ͵ۣ¶˲ŵɫ
뵽˺ܶˡ
ҲûЩſǼλ˶áϾҪопѾо˵ԽǵĻʵͨ顣
Ϊʲô
ôƫƫ
ôܣ
޶ЩĿϰΪţǰƺֻʣ˽µɫʯס
ڰʮ̨ס
ɵʹϰԺ󣬾ȻҲòôܣ̧ɶͷĺ
ɽԽߣȻԽŨ
ʦãܸ㡣һЩ
΢΢һ㶣̧ͷȥȻ̸
ԷҲɣȴҲŬЦЦ
λ̸ʦÿһظʱ򣬶Щ͵˵ЩǱ׾ĹЩѡ
Ǵĵ׸л
Ҳܸ㡣޻һЦݡ
̸ȴͣƾ޳ıӰлл㡣
ûУûѾߵ˵ھʮ̨ףѾԿϸֶӰ
վϢƬ̣ȴһŲ
ЩʵؿżʱԽȴ׵ԪûôȻڵ֮ǰ̵̻ӿʱ˿ֻ̣ǳԼҪ£Ѿľȫеﻹȥ赲Է
ʱƴһԽޣǰһ̨״һ٣ͷһۣдͷﵽβǹ΢ɢЩ
Ͼǰļ̨׾ȻƱ֮ǰҪ࣬ʱڶԷʶͰĿУλѾǵ˴˴ʦʦȻӸµؿޡ
ԼǰΪ޶ЩħӰѾҪɢȥˣҲˣԼ϶죬֤Լͨķˡ
޶Լʱ;֪飬֪Ҳ̫⣬ֻԼ·ͱʲôϵ
ݵϢãٲϣһα̨ľ޴ѹȸдڵأȻվ
磬Ȼɽվ죬˿̼ڿҪһټ̨ףвɵô󶯣ָ̧ԼţֻĿ𶯣Ʒ·Ҫʲôܵ¼ڳ档
ȥˣǿ쿴
ģͨȻҲҡǲǡ
ջһдǰʦõۣҡҪǸ
ЦǲȥͲǸԼǰһûУ˵ʱǺܴ󵨡
ʱɱȥ˵̨ףȴߵúÿһڵɽ𺣣ҪŬ˸ŬܼǰС
ڲ˵һټ̨׵ʱɽ¾Ȼһ󻶺ĿǰеļʱԼǰĽᣬԼԼԺԼͽ⣬پڴ£ĳΪԼ·ϵĽᡣ
չ񣺡ϡ
Īĸжϲ֮࣬ͻȻ쵽ʲôطԡ
ֺ֣ܶмҲаʦ
ǰе˴˴ĵӣеĶǰʦ񣬿ޡôֻǼ񣿣
ʱĵظ˽񷨣Ǹ˺ǳ˰ϣҲ˶Ķ
ɤӣѵдˣӦǰʦ񡣡
޵ĿƬ̣ЦЦȴûи
ʱ㶣гɻ
и뷨ϵѾ
˵һЩ£ѾݺؿΪߵ㹻⣬ΣԴˡ
ˡ޵ֻǡֻһ߲ɵ·˶ѡ
߲ɣϿ۾·ȷʲô
ЦЦ߲ɡ
ļʱ͵۾Լʲô֮޷飬촽΢ԼĲ²⡣
΢ЦſʹˣҲҪߣ
ֲ̧˲ͷĺ˫΢죬䶣ȴ
˵ͷǱ
̧㣬ϲٳŻ׻ļʱ΢΢һЦ
һһס


30 
ʱȻıӰ緭
֪òһЦϾͲ֪ǰе롣
ǸЦȴ·ڶ֮ǰв벻
Ѿ˼þȫ֮ǰȵ˵һٽ׵£ǱһЦ
ղųѣԭȫȫΪǣ
ʱ̨ۣ֮ϣһʱ֮г嶯ҲᲽȥ׷Ӱȥ
Ҳ֪ԼҪ֤ʲô
ȥңɽܵн֪Ǵģ
ܸһԼ֪еνˡ
ֻ˵ʵǷˣ
ҪٲȻ̻ͷ˾ҵ룬ŵһһ̨ʱȵĿ⣬ȴվȻ޷һ
һ
һ
ʱʯ̨ף͵ŻһѪ
޵ĽŲȻ֮ǰһÿһĽŲ֮ǰʵûʲô
ǰܿϵı飬ڿʼ˵ģֻʣ˱Ӱ
ƵǰԵøСȴҲⶥصıӰ
֮Ȼ
ҲڿıӰ
ЩٳֵԶȻ͸һЩѾΪԺĻ档
ظУԽԽ֮ϡ
ڵݡĳλڷҪֵĳ϶ס˱ʣƾһīֽϣοһƬīա
֪ˣ߲һʱǰһٲиС𣿡һλݺĳϴ˸Ƿȱȱ
˵ݡ
Ƿһ͡
ʵĳϿ⣬ʶѾϣͣ򷨲ͨ
ǸǷҲǸʰڰգһʱ֮䲻֪Ϊ㵶ø󣬻Ӧջȥ⡣
ͬĶԻظʮ˷ÿһͷ䣬˯ɺױѣҲѣ˯ͬۡ
½֪ظʮ˷壬ȴ֪ʮ˷⻹һɽΪɽ
ɽһͨ¥ĵطЩ¥ľͷӣʹЩ֮⣬ԨЩСľ¥û̫
¥Ȼء
˿̴˷УҲһЩͨˡ
¥ֽС¥ЩģȻС¥Щˡ
ٲˣһλŶӢվڴߣϸе⣬ѾϣȻ˼Ķ
أ𼱰ʦ֣һٶʮˡӦŮݣҲ΢ڣȴƫƫϲۣԳĵüЩ
һ˫ԼͲǷǳϵĴֻ֣˫ںɫ޶У㲢ôԡ˫ʮ껪˵ȴʮǰҵݵʱҲء
ˣʦҫʽıԹ˲𣿡˴¥ݵϥŽµĻһԾȵС¥ĵذϣһ·壬СʦǰɲͣסԴ˲ʦ˲𣡡
ʦ䣬ջ׼ڶԷԿϵһ¶һǫЦݣʦܵȷʵʦ˺ܸˣʦҵأǴʦ
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ѩԭУȼԼĵԪҲ߳ȥİ취Ҳֻȼմٱһ·ߡ
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˶٣ټԺȻֻΪü


31 
ѩԭϵѩǰȻͻ
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ɽɫд֣󣬼С¹̽ͷżˣЩŵתܣһҹɫ
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޾Լ̫á
Ȼ͸ʱһʱǿǿֱ治ɺˣֻʣһ˵ʱֿ־ָ
Ҫ治ɫزĺǰʵ̫ˡ
һͣס˽Ų
űۣʶҲȷʵЩߣЩҲ޷ѩԭǰ㣬ҵһԲĵ㡣
ֻߵߣפԼǰһҶľϡ
ɫʣƣŮվں߳Ĭ˺ܳʱ䣬۾
˵Լ
˵ԼСɹһ
ɺһȥûоͷŨ·𱻾°ա
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ˮƼľ޿ڣҴ·ǰ֮صĳջ
Ҳֻܵһѡ
ֶ٣ͣͣɽ±߰ʦܽŵؿʱţʲôþȴΪϵɫɵ˰Ѻ
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Уͷһۡ
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ɵԽԽ͵شַŴĸй֪оѣȻһ
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·ĳźš
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ϵ


32 
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ȷʵںܶʱ򶼲ϣȻѵùƽһΡ
Ӻܾǰһֱһ˵
Լ֪֮֮ԽϸԽȷоͻԽԶ֮ͬսԽǿ
˵˵ÿ֪ԼΪΣҲÿ۵ʤ˶վڶǰԼ޵ʲô˵ûʵʰ֤ġ
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Ц⣬ЦЦţЦδ٣ȴٿ̧ӣ˲Լ۽ǡ
ĴĴ£ϼʵҲһЩҡΡ
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ݸݺᣬҪ˵ʲôȴֻ˼ƣԭΪղ̫ϲ󱯶һʱʧ
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˵ĶϵһһˣѾڴ˵˭󣬿ʼǳﱸȥԪ׿ݸţλҵ̫үóﱲ֣׼̽һȢ
һжǴʱ˿̵ǵķ롣
֪·ƣ֪ϱãۣȻֻǰһһʯ̨ףԼµһһס
ܸоԼĵ֮ǰͬȴҲ˵ﲻͬʹ˿ΪƣǣҲܾԼ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ÿһ̧ķѵƺҲС˺ܶࡣ
ͼӵĹǣ˿տҲľУԼ֪ëʲôڻδ֪ãȴ֪ԭǵͨĸо
ϾҪ˵ͨʵҲЩǿĵʮִϵԨ⽣Եñƽº͸Сһ㣬¾ɶ΢
׺Ʊ֮ǰһЩȴҲѾϰˣ޲ɵЩԼǬ㹻ĻϴܹÿȥһܴǬһµĳϡ
һȥ˿ҵ׺䣬Ȼĳ׵ĻװϷ
ȥʦֱ̫ȷʵҵ۾ûɣҲûɣδСʦôֻһ·
ʦָЩȻؿ˿Լϲ֪˶ãȫ峾ŵķɫ૵Ѿʮˣ⡢Ǵ˼𣿡
˵˼ң˶һۣ鲻ԽؽĿȥԶһɿţȴȻͣ͵ǵ½ߵϡ

˼ҡʮ·ʱƿее׽٣ǱȴЭ߹˾Űپʮ˽ݡ
Ȼͣ½ŲվߴǸˡ
糵ַɢļ󣬷紵ƣٴЩȻס
֮ϣչ⼸ɢļ϶ǡһ磬
ʰ쵵С𣬺ɫͷëըƯͷڡ
ʦѵû˼µȻ֪ΪΣµ·ϱУȷʵһ£վԶһ齸ʯϣüͷ΢ؿȴʢЦ⡣
һλ곤һ磬ȻЦȴ̾˿ˣʦʦǣֻԼԶˡ
԰գ޵˵ͷȻԼֱһ£ٺȻء
һԲػͷŮƶϰΪΪ⣬ȻҲܣֱֻ޵ķ̽ͷǱӰƻһˡ
ĺʦոմȻ£ü¶һӢ˲Цݡ
ǰһ̨֮ϣ½ߵӢϯضشһ̨ףһ峿¶ˮʪ⣬ü䣬һֻ֡
ãСʦá
̧֣ģǰһ̤һ̨ףվ˾ŰپʮŽݵյ㡣
̧üһЦ
Сʦá
һ 糵ַա


33 
һáһáɽϣһӹôƽɽأײײ۵糸ͣɽĳͰľ¥ԣʵҩˣʦܲڴһˣ
૚ԲŮЩŵؽӹԷĴŽҶƬɫӵؿҶƬϵļ¶ˮȷ¶ˮܽⶾ
ʦܡӦøƺΪʦ˵Ļʹͷǧȷʦ˵ֻҪԣ¶ˮȥÿεĆ궼Ч˵ģ
޳˼Ƭ̣ΪʲôҪ
ʦֳϿҵѵ㲻ʦӡֻҪɾľˣС¥Ķʦ֣鰡
оݣĶ޷
ҲȷʵĶֱﲻԣҪʣʦѾһһէؼеҪˣҼʮ·ɻ¶ˮҪˡ
ǰŽһҶ¶ˮ£ںбڴĶϲϣƻм˳˲ӣû
˽Ƭ̣¶ˮˮӢɫĶʦȻԡ
޽ŶʦֵĬãڣʦ֣ƭҵİɣ
ôأʦôƭɰСʦأ㲻Ҫ˵ʦ־ˡ
ܾúе㲻̫ԾȻͻȻӦ͵ػͷȵȣ㵹˵仰ʱҪԽԽԶ
ʦѾŻ壬һӰˣתͷʱ˶ʦֺƱ֮ǰ˵һһ˫ֻʣ۰˵۾
ޱһſƿɲƬ̣Ȼûˣϸ˶ԷһᣬȻ͵̧еıʣԾԾԵʦǰղŽһ޸ȻԿ
ǳ۰׶Ƭ̣û˵ãҲû˵ãƺЩ΢ɲʧ䣬Ϊ̫¶ʲô
ΪʲôУʦֽ۾ƽֱؿʵ
ΪʲôҪУ
ʦֲżˣڵӲ𣿡
˵Լ̧ջһȦһˮԼȼһֽŲõ˺üȻһĨˮߵؿޣܿ£Ϊʲô£
Ӧ𣿡ʮֺ֪ʶʲô˺ü飬ԥԥ˳ѵʦΪҡʲôС¥ӭ¼𣿡
Ҳûб˵ʦְڰ֣ɿϵȻһԣ±ۣжˣҪ÷ѩɽصҺɽɽɣݣʱǵĻشľͶڵǧⶾ֮ڻңҾҪˣ
ס˳ⶰľ¥ܿʧ⡣
ȵԶʦһ̧ͦһ棬ﻹиղŵһϢ
ʦͻȻڷСʦõ񣿡
ʦһ飺˵˶ٴˣҪͻȻڣˣ˵ģ
ǰʦָղžͲ㱻Լءʦ̣ôʨӴ󿪿ڣĲʹ𣿡
ʦгһЦ㲻㿴ʦֶôԨⲻǻûóСʦҪԶţʦֿ϶ҪŰһ룬ڴʦְȥЩҳ˼ĺõĲϣ
޵Ȼ֪λɵĶʦ־Ȼ˼ƻͨȻܵظоﲻԣʦֵǶʦ֣ʦʲô˼أ
ɽܴ󣬴󵽴ӶʦֵСľ¥ߵС¥Ҫʱ䡣
ļѾתɽͷѾ˱ѩΨɽС¥Ȼů紺һ·棬޾Ȼһ
ʹ㲻üʶ㣬ҲȻ֪ζϵѵá
޸ûΪ˶еһһĿա
ΪС¥޵ʥ֮ء
Ȼ˴գлնڻ˯ȻһûԼڳΣͱʦֹץ˶ʦֵľ¥ˮֻЩⲢ̤ǴС¥ȥҪζϡ
½Ѱʲô
С¥С¥ӦӦо
ص㣬ǿҪȶʦֵѵʲôϱС¥ʦֵҪ
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֪֮С¥ΪӶʦֵľݳ·࣬ÿһ·ڶй·ͷ·Ҳѡ
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ʵ죬ǽڷƯָ˼֮΢΢ͷȻ˸ʱŹӢ
ͫڣ񷢻ҫĹâ̾ƫƫü۷һƬڵŭѡ
СʦãþòһЦٽƬҶָת˼Ȧʵͨ𣿡
̬⣬Ц̣Ȳݹеļ̣ҲǶĸܣ·һʼƶ̬ȷѸٷ
ЩɻͻȻģƩԭʦ־ȻҲС¥Ĵʦ֣ѹڸи˶Ҫһ䡰ʦ֡
ʱ˿̵̬ͻȻãһбӦˣҲûʲôʵġ
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ȻܵݣȻѾС¥̡ʱ˼һҪУҲǲС
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ʦ£С¥һʦãʵÿ˵ʦͬʦʱԼģʱҲҵĽ顣ʱʮֺسһĨΣ˵Ժ󡣡
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ڶȥèˣܹͻˡʱɢȻ֮ǰбʾһӭϲõġ
Ŀɿڴ
˶Ȼè𣿣
λãԻá
֮žѵû˽Ҳ޸٣ֻҪλʦһվԵδ֣Ҿһɽɽɹ̫ʱĵ˵꣬ʲôʵǲιۣȻӦʦܵ񣬵Ҳǲܴͣʲôҿ԰𣿡
޼˵˶ʦֵ֮ʦҪ÷ѩɽصҺɽɽɣݣʱǵĻشľͶڵǧⶾҪȥϣС¥𣿡
ʱĬ˺ܾá
صĸоļĬԽԽŨȻ̽źһʦ֣
ʱǶʦ׿ڸҪЩ˭ģ
޳ɵԣԼµġѵӦȥĵط𣿡
ҲǡֻǡʱҲ֪ӦôӺ˵𣬵ĿͻȻС¥ϣָ˿㿴С¥״ûʲô𣿡
޵Ŀ˸ʱϣٻƾֽĴ͵ǽϣͰ͵ЩЩѵĳαװ𣿡
ʱ΢΢ۣС¥ܹôˣαװ˭
⣬۾Ϊ𾪶øЩαװĻΪʲôҪôƾɣ
Ҫôƾɡʱʹļ׵Ȼֻһԭ򰡡
ϢصȴʱĴ𰸡
ȴʮȻؼ϶Ϊ


34 
գգ۾
ܳɵظһ鸵ʱһ֣ƺ׽ۣȻԼ𾪣ֱȻһ޴ԲȻôһظôСһС¥ﻹᡭ
ӽ·һץһӵĸʦֺƲΪ۶еκʮ̹ȻȻΪʦΪʲôôһϣҪ֮ڸʲôֱͦͦ»û
Ȼ֮УΪʲôûĶ𣿡
ʱһ֡ô֪ʦôС¥𣿡
ãȻҡҡͷ
ʱָ̧ңңָָдеľɽеֲһϦ㣬峺ˮͻȻǣϵµڵػԲѣɽͷֻʣ˹㼸ľ¥𣿡
޺󣬵˶һ
öʥ֣ᵣʱʹļ׵Ϊʲôһ˵ô𣿵ȻΪ⼸ζãòɵСʦãץʱ޶ë
ޣ
ҲΪ˶Ҳֻʦõʦÿһ˶޶ͺƤʦܵΪȡҪζݣЩɥϻġʱʲôʱ
޲Ȼȥ
ҺҪȥ÷ѩɽȡɣҪȥһ˸ɽشľҪȥʱ￳ǧҪȥݷʱ΢΢ü㲻ȥ𣿡
޳ĬƬ̣Ӧòʲôִ⼸صɵɣ
Ҳȷʵǡʱҡͷ
ǰ취ͺܶˣ˼Ƭ̣ȻƵȥȥ
תߣ˼ֵ˻Щʴʦ֣ҪôɽҪô
ʱѾĶʦ˵ɽɽͷ
һůɴ˰ηɽͷ룬һƬɾҶסҡ壬ȫɽжԵӡ
ʦߣ˫΢ڵգȻ̫ںսҲ̫ںԼ᲻ͷ±øһ㣺ʦ񣬴ʦֹȻСʦһȥˣ
ʦںҶµ¶һĨһо֮СЦݣõֲϵӲԶˣʱĿҵĻҪ˭ϡ
ʦΪֶ΢΢鴤£Ȼƽƺ˼֣ȻҪжԶһ㣬ܿ죬ȻתԼĽźһ֪֮ʱһӵصðͷĴ㶾С룬ֻҪٶһ㣬ͻ⧲һ棬°ĭֱӻԲѡ
ʦֻ壺ʦôżҪȥﰡ
ʦЦһ˭żˣ˭Ҫˣֻϸ첲ˣʱʱҪһ°ˣ
ǢģʦܶĳһشľĥŻ֣˵ǽ½¥ˣôҾûкͿɰСʦýӴĻᣬɶĴʦ֣ҲɽҶĥʮˣ
˶СʦʦҲҪ²ܻ׼Ȼһһغɫɽͻأƿɽ֮ϵĴƮƮȻС¥ǰ
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ʦִＷ˼֣ǴͶĵڶ׶Σ볣죬ʵ򶾼ķΣѾ޿ɾȣǡСʦܴҪζ
һԣʦոͣ½һʵ֣أءһЩյûǵķ
治ɫشӸʱĽٴ˵ƽʱĶ㵱
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⼸־Ѿнˡ
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ʦ͵͵££ԼɫӣԼʵ޻Ǭصøһ㣬ʦƮ˹ʼ衣
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ʦ㣺СлҳŪ࣡
ָ̧䣬ԼʦݣҪŵ㣬Ե̫ᣬȴѪ
˶޺ڵϵǬˣһʱ֮侹ȻûȥΪʲôҪôǬ
ֱ޳˿Ȼڵкɫߵһֻ˶ʦǰ
ʦҲˣҲˣһϦ֮ˣЩ㵵ؿޣСʦǡʲô
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ͷȻ˵㣬ֻҪ򵽣͵ҲȷʵʲôϡĶ
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еľؽӹǬʶһ̽˵ıøľȻЩƬ̡
˶̽ͷ̽Եؿʦ֣ɻ󵽵ʲôŻöʦģ
Σʦ̧ͷΪʲôʮ÷ѩɽصҺʮɣݣʮشľʮǧ᣿
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ޡһӦΪƷҾ΢׼Щ̫̫ʱޣʱֻҵôˣûϵҿȥ㣡
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ʦȻתͷĵʦ㣬ȻôҪĻ˵ˣ
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ЦеݣֻǸʦһѡ
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ʦһʦõļ
û⡣
ʦ㲻ټʵƴǣЦеò֣ģƯǬĿڡ
ȻܿƵطһԲۡ
ʦûг΢ҲǻԲͬ֡
ʦԼⱲӶûмôķɫ
ԭɫҲô໨
ˮۣӣҷۣҷۣۣ֬ǳۣõۡ
ͬķɫȻҲɲͬʽȹٴ䲻ͬģķɫΣзɫ飬ɫʯɫʯɫ¶ꡭ
ʦԼϵ΢ɵķɫȹʱˣ⡢Ҫľռôķɫ
룺ҲãϾԨеĳӶҼҵġֻǰѳߴʵзɫ˶ѡ
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ˣѡ
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ʦ㵹һ뵽ڵݵʱֻµһһ·ԼԴ˼ҵ֪ˡ
ʲôǴ˼ң
Ǵ˼ң


35 
߶ʦľܣʦĿɿڴʦȻԡ
ʦܴһ̽ͷ̽ԣеڴѾҪ
ȻЦٵݳֻɫǬ
ʦĻϲش򿪡
ȴǺһƱȯ
ܺ񣬷ǳ
ʦܲŴ꿪Ŀ˳³ЬӡССʳվȯȵȵȵȣкͨͨñȯЩȯֵ֮󣬼ֱڴšҪϧãûǰ͡
ʦ棬ֶƬ̣Ŵ󵨼裬¸ҷʣСʦðղ˵ӶҵģǡЩ
ҲҼҵġ׵СӪһ⣬ʦֻҪ
ʦ֣
ҪʶСӪһ⡱⼸ˣ
Ƭ̣ʵǡǺС
εֱͣԵҲԡ
ô˵أ˵⻰ó⼸ֻǬ֮ǰҲǹȥˣʱ˿̣Ѿġһ㡱С΢͡Сʲô˼ˣ
Сʦõ죡ǫĹ
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ʦҲˣҲˣ׻ǵԼǶʦ֣ɤӣɷнµίȰ˰һЩ֮ǰأҪҪƽฺ̫
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ԼеԳĶԻЩҡҡ׹Ժص˵ͷɿֳԼľ¥ţ֪ȥʲôµĶȥˡ
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36 
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37 
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֮ǰһ˯̫ã㹢˵˴ձҪȻ˯⣬ǶɽСĹ˺󣬾ʹųƯۿʲô
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۴ۼ߰ǸʱӵĶ
ݹ½ҲֻظĴɲóʱżССҪôûУҪôҲֻǼλλȨصĳϺá
Һܶʱ򣬶òõ⣬òõ⡣
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˵ȻǿѨ磬еŵĳɷ֣۴ҲȷʵķʯÿǰУ·;Զ𲽾ǧԶһЩʯķٲ˵ģʵǮ
Ƕȷʵʺޡ
ȻӸ·ӽ˵Ǯ·һЩ˭ӵһԼĽأ
˭ܾܾһƯɰķɫأ
˭Լķɫмأ
οĺµ۶᲻ûĹʦԣӦóƺΪʦˣӻ־˴ֱʵͳһۡ
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һֻʰ쵵𣬲֪ӺδѾһ˽۵ͷɫͷëΪըҡͷβޱҵı졢һȦ
ʦʦʦˢˢתͷޣд֡

һֻųҪĽͨ߷УȻҶˣ޵ȻûʲôþܾģǼž̾ãơ
ʦ֪طʲôСʦãô
ͷҪôίر｣̫ߣԼҲûбķԺȥ顣
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38 
ϣո꽣ȥҶ뽣ˮûʲôؿ׵ֱˣˢˢ
Ȼ˵һλ֮⣬һҹλҲЩ仯ңɽǶһ˰񣬵λȴص˵㣬ҡϣѾ˵ʮ˵λá
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39 
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ſִ˼ȻԷѸּ˺üĿѾܸο˵Ĵ˵ʵ㡱ŲԶȥ
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ֹ̣ʵûסʦڿڵʱ򣬲ȿſû𣿡
ˣӵ۵ôҵ۾᳤ֲȥηߡ
޳ĬƬ̣ҵ۾Ҳûȥ氡
һҭڻȻҲģⲻ̫òˣǲͷˣ
߶߶˾ˣûϲˣ°ͷʲô취أ
ʱڿڵղһֱҶַʲôڿԸǴ𣿷ܲһֱɣ
߶ȻһͣЩСɱɱ޴θ˺Ǻã
û⻰ĪԵøջ
ʱ·ԼĳҶϵԣûк֣
СηΨһ̨ϣһţһ֡㲻Ҫ˰ɡʱ
ʱһȻ󱻿ŨķɳɷǺתǾ춯صؿ˼
޾ԼǰЩʦʦǵĵǡ
ʦʦȷʵֵһݻɡ
ϾЩĻʱ߾ȫ֤Լ
ֻʦ֮˵Ҳûв֪ȴܳʵڸˣûôס
ޱһ˿ϣϿʵʦѽδʹʲôΪа취뿪İɣ
Ѿۣ˸Ȼ͵ؾѵˣ˯࣬ո˵ʲô
ޣ
͸ʱһۣӶԷпͬ˼
ͷûָˣҲ϶һֱ
ԾȣԾȣ
˶ηſڡ
޿ʼԼй޴εļأʱָðһƼϸĽȻ˴ȻȴײʲôѺҪĵطûܷӡԪɭʯ
Ȼǽڵķ϶ƶٹһɳңҲʲôְ̧ס˸ʱǽ֣ٿۡ
޴ΣޣԿգһ
޵ĵԪ֪ηʧˣ֮ϸܵع˷ķߡ
߽̻ǽ컨ϣµذУ֯һܲ͸
ַܿ˴ʵǽסʵǷΣҲԴô߽֯ĳǧֱõķҵһͷ
ȴãе㡭ĪϤ
Ϥ̫⣬ô˼뵽ظϿոĻ
ĵ׹һٻعͷηʱ򣬾Ŀķ߾ͱûӼ
޵ָ΢ǰÿֻǣֻڿߣڼȻͨˣȻеԪ籡ָÿһ·
һʮֺķ顣
ϸ˵ͷӶģҲһֱĽ
ָʵĵԪʵʵڿ𲻶ССηƱĳʥҲ۵ĵܳۿƿҪҵʲôˣָȴĳԭشת
ԣĲ𣿡ૣ»عһƬԼղһƬķ⣬ȴٳٲܵһʡ
һͻȻ
磬


40 
͸ܶϢ
ʱֻǼһ䣬ͿԷԼ̬ȡ
İƽž޲û⣬Ҳûж⡣
ʶǵͣʡ
һܲ͸
ϣôһߣ޵һ֮£Ȼѡ
Ȼһ߶ˣȻͱòôܲ͸磬ѾҪٴͻͨļֻҪͿ˳Խ
عҪʷ˵˭ʱȴʱɫǶװԼڵĹ۾˯
ʦ֣ոʲô𣿡ʵ
ʱҡͷδ
Ȼǵʶֱġ
˴Ķ
޺ɵĹһȦǽĿ˹ϡ
һ߲ͣؽ⿪󣬽ܲ͸𽥹Ĩϡ裬һ߳ĵ׼ǵ
ȴδȡ֮ǹͷĺһߴȻһҰ죬رһͱӣۣ⣬ο⡭
ޣ
Ҫһ˾۾ƷʱͻȻ˲ι
ϾҪһˣƬ̣Щֹؿ򹢾Ҫʦ𣿡
Զвһװ˯ˡʱЩ΢ĸ˯˵ˣ׼ȷжϳԼεأǺʱҪߣʲôʳ
ΪȻȻҪԽ϶Ҫߣһʲô
Ƭ̣Ȼǿߣ
ȥҪǵǬ鱦ʱĿ޼ղ΢΢һ٣ȻڿտյӺǲȻĽۡҪһװ˯˲̫ףҵˣٻˡĻҪˣ⴩ֽɱử𣿡
ԡ޾ÿУǼȵĳһ¡
֮䲻ƣȴҲ֮ͨʱȻôϸܵķߣȴҲָܸ֪Լϵѹٿһᡣ
صԪͨ˴ʱվʶѾ̽⣬ſѾƳƵĴѵõط˻
ҪŪף⿪ϵҲѣѵһжκ
ʱڶݵԥѡ˷
عʱҲֽѾ͵ȡģͨɿݣдʣȻһʳɷ
Ť£Ǵ˵ӡ
ǵһγԣ˵ٶٶеҲ̶ãⲻص㣬صǣȡ⣬ֽˡӦó֮Ϊ˸ʣƤЩڰ΢ڡ
Ƭ̣͵͵ֽ̧˵󣬽Ȼֹһûʲô츳ԽԽԽģ
߰עⲻôϸڣоͿˡʱ̿ô˵׸Ϸ΢ڵʱФƶ˵٣ԼЩĲЭߵ˲ݶѱߣһһߵزЩص£ȥΪ޷˯ˡ
һУʱ뵽ʲôٴ̧ǰһ£޵ʱЩɱͨԼ̧üʱҲƽƽ棬˫еɫȻԣ޼Ѿϲǰˡ
ʱŰǽϡ
ԪۿɼǽһȦǽڱǳ͸ʱһ޿Щ棬Ҳɿȥ
ŲųǽѾָֻ֮ǰӣҲȦǵһŸŸʱһ·Ȼ⡣
ֻǹѺһЩ·ˣԿزʮܣһһŵηŽżЩЩáͼУȴһƬž΢ɡ
صǰ洫˹
һ˵ֽˣҪסˡ⼸æýͷöʲôССϺӣ󲻳
һ̾˿ĹأǳִУʲôİ취أԴӼ޳Ǽ֮ӾԽԽùˡ
ꡪ㲻Ҫἳ޳ϵ֣
ʱȥ磬ܿء
Ȼһ·ϻһģһͲߣڸɾǷ޺͸ʱ
˴һ޵ǵ·΢ؼǰߡ
·۵ģȻԷΪֶΣôȻǵ·
۹һνŤ״Ȼǳ׷յģԽ棬Ҳҵκһͨ·
ڵλصԭԺ޵ȫعճ˴˴ĵͼ˼Ƭ̣ǰȥվĳηмǽǰЩŵǽײȥ
ǽġ
ʱһס֪ʲôȻȣ
ҡͷղε˶̫ߣ̫ˣɡ
԰ձûǽǰ벽кܿλεĹߣ̵΢ʹ
Сװˣһҽ岻ѲҲˣˣ
޵͵ᵽɤۣöԷ˵ˮ䣬ŲѾԶˡ
żǰһЩÿ·øʱҲ˳
ĿȻ±ߵһҡ
Ƕ˾ȻǴһĳġ
󼸺˶Ѱõ޴εھȻȴ벻ĵط
±û⣬ûлɫеֻһʯɽɳһļƺܲ˿ʣǰɫһ࣬ȴЩԭʯɽȻڹ»سֳĳֹ˵ɫʡ
·вʺʯϣůɫزȾһ㸲һ㣬ŹӰЩ仯ɫתһֻھ󾫵ؼɫʣֻɫʿԸһЩ
Դ˴дʱ߷·Ҫһе֮ʶ˴֮Ϊš
ֱ˿ۼľɫŸո֪ԭλԲ١
нͱҰķ磬мȻѷһȻͱ֮ϣ·³ɣӦЩīЩд⣬ӡ
ţ븵ʱһۣжЩټͬʱһʳָ
˻һЦ·ɫָ⡣
ʱҿߣұߣǬԿһĶȻеͼ͸ˡ
˷ֹʱٶȼ죬ڰæ֮͵͵ɨһֻۣط䵹Ȼݳƽһ·ֻҪͿһҲ
ջߣҲ֪ǲ˸ʱԼĶҲࡣ
Ҳ󣬲һϣȻҵһԿ׺һŵͼ
ԿûбʶÿһŵԿס
ͼɽĵͼʮϸ£ȴĳһɽĲ棬һ̫۵ĺ㡣
ʣڵڡ
޳Ƭ̣Կǲã̫ױ֡ͼѾסˣҲȷŻȥȼȥ̽̽·
ʱҲд⣬һǰһ󣬼žȥ


41 
ɳĽнϣȻĽҲܲ͸磬ȻЩķӽ֮ķ϶й¶Ǻ˺Ӧķɳζ
ߵһ٣飬̲סĵ׵ʦΪʲôһҪǸɽأݵĻԷôҪӡҲɣ
ϵȻʱףʲô֤ظĵӣ
һ㶡
ȴʱƸձߣƻûãʦôżߣ˵Ԥı
ϸ룬û
ʵǴʦأ
ʱеһ̯֣Ҳơ
޲⡣
һ˵ˢ͹ˡʱһ絽ǰ棬һ̽̽ٻ׳˹֣һûƣȻٸղڽϵʱ򣬺ûʲô̫ô
ޣ
ô˵أʦȷʵױģ£ѱԽĳ̶ֳ˵ȷʵƺá
֮ȱһǶ䲻أȻѾ͵˳ҲѾȥԼˣΪβڵһʱ˵Եƽɹϵ
ò˵ϣƺͿ£ʵͰһ˽ȥ
뵽Щ˵ҲѾˣľѳۣܲٻȥԹΣӰɡ
ɽкܶңÿһ֮䶼леĲаŴ磬еǱڻɽˮмֻͨһŰײûüīϡ
޴εҲδ֪
ôãҾȻһˣѲʱ䣬ҲһʼĽ𽥷
ÿһɽ̫ͬ
ÿһɫиԲͬζڱͶһʮеֶһо
ԼɽɽƲƣԽԽ֣ԽԽ뿴ԺʮĻʲô
ʲôʲôĳֽīˮƽ̯ϣĹˣϸ˿ֽȷʵֻֽȻפ㣬մī˼ɽֽ˶Ϊ̧֪Сܸ˸ʱĲ
Ȼ֪ԼȻôõɽôã±ʱŨķ⡣
Ƭ̺󣬼ž˵ĲͻȻз
ʣµЩֽ˷ԼܿµīɫյЩһһʸֳһһӡ
һβʱ򣬿һ˲ľֹ
Ƭ̺һȻ
ǽǼҳը˷棡
˵һĻϣһһ
޾ô£Ǳ𣿡
áʱһ˷ϵͬʱ޴￪ʼ
޴Ѿʮûκαˣէ죬жʱһţŲ˷Ͳߵ˲֪˳űըķȻȥ˶һۣȻԾ£˻ҵȺС
ʱץסһֻûǰ󲿶ӵѹʵô£
ΧӼˣԷҲûоİҵѵ϶λըֻԽҲ֪
ʱֵȵȣǶܳˣ˭
ܿ͵ôأڶܰȫ˵ѾҪ޳ˣ˵ˣҸϿȥô£ҸǿˣҾֻȥ˻
ͫ׵ΪûΪ㡾ְأȻڶ
ǲǻڴ鰡
˵ȾܣʱҲһһȥѾ·ˣȥ
˵𣿡ʱָָ̧˸ո·ĳſҲС֣㿴дűһȥ
޸ڸʱĵ˰죬ʱĽŲѾͣ£ʶһֱ̽Ŷķÿһˣ롣
ڹȻӣмǲŴ򿪻ûϺãۼ⿴һϤĲϣǰһȻ濴ԼֻǬ
𣿡һѳǬٽʱֻ
ڣиӡߵס˸ʱɫǰóһɫ޵ëϸ˿Ƕġ
һôëòᱻץ˰ɣ
ʱԼûǶȥ룬һ˳˼·ͺѲȥǹëӣʵ̲סЦһһָӵţ۲ƬϵǴ汻ƻģӦԼˡϧˡ
޲ŷʱֱʱ־ɡϧʲô
һС˵뷨ʱȻôĵӣİɣҶˣҲġָȥˣߣ˵·ȵλˣ߶߲ˡ
޽Žɣ뵽ԼëҲ˴롣
ȻѾҵǬּѾѣǱûҪѰˣʱסޣ˸һȻӹȺڴĲȺҵڡ
ⲻԶİУۿɼ̼һȺǷ˵ĵˡ
ʱٶȸһǽȻУӲڶԷڽڵͬһ̣ȺԾ˳ȥ
صĴرգƲϱպϣľսһ·ڲڷһЩ˲Ҵ⣬ɽ¼һΣ˸ĵط˼Ʊ˲Ϣ㵽˸ĳǳ֮⡣
ѵ·ߣǬԱ´ã˳һǬ
ʱǬһ㽣ʶȻ˴򿪣޵ġ
Ǯ𣿡ʱްû˵ɵʵ
޳ĬƬ̣ԼûСɣ
ʱػͷһۣԼ
֮۲棬ɢ˪ʻڣܣţҲûٰɣʮֲȷ
ʱС͵ҵǬЩʯЩ鱦ƱЩ·κ̫ˣ͡Ҳûм
ʱЩľתͷȥǾͺáýҪʲô𣿡
ȴþûлʱһڿǽһŸʾ
ǸɽһӵĹ棬ʱգɲɣ˿̻ûн
ʱͷޣ㲻롭
˲翿ԼʦĻɽΪҸӸҲġ֮ҪȽ븡ɽ޵˵ͷοʦڴܻ֮ڣ¿϶ܸһ㡣ʦ־أ
ʱЦһȻԡһظĵӣҲ뿴ɵ
²Ħȭƣ룺ܻҪʦѹһѹԼΪѹлϾؾѾ㹻븡ɽˡ
˵䣬ʱϵľѾȥȻЩԭݣȴͨһԵøͨһЩ
޵˵ͷһųȥЩ֪Сĵʦ֣᲻̫ˣ
ʦ壬ô֡ʱһҲģǳĬԽģ֮۳ʲô£ֻƵϱǡ
ΪȻʹ˵ͷ
ǳز·ˣһ·ǰʱ˶ĸɽеӵ¡
ǶڼҵСӾ˵ȥ˾ͱ˸ǣֱӱλˣƽʱСҲûʲôĵطۼҶҲȥԣ˵أ
ΪʲôȥҿҲУ
ȥȥܳһһҲ겻ͬҲҪˣȻǰѴҲл
һʱ֮䣬ȫǵ˶ӿͬһ
˳У˺ܿҵſԵı
Ѿ˺ܳĶӣŲԵٶҲ㹻죬ͷߣ֮ǰֵǡ
ǰ˶мҳ㣬䶼̫󣬺һĵﲻϹҿ䣬ڿ˱¼ú󣬷Щ۵
˽۳ʿˣҪֻһ·
ʱͨʱֻԼĺӹϸõġһѡ
ֻҪЩʦУܴӴԾţһȣıˡ
ȻҪԾŵ£ҲҪҾϣȥʲôǽͷҪС
ţ㲻úҪѲǾԼҲɣһЦһ𽫶еĳҪŵСӰΧ㽻ʯı𣿡
һ㶣ҪǮôǵøŵŹﶼдˣվи֮ˣδἰһ£
ЩɵĵײӣٻЩ취б˽ң޵ϾһܷǮ顣ʱʯĳ̶ֳ˵ѾļˣһҪʮʯġ
ûնˡ
ȴǰͻСţƷڵأȫѹһգȻҵʯ
Ϊһһ㶣ͻȻ׹ʲô͵ģ
ţŭȥҪܵģû͵
ܣһҪģʲôܣЦ͵Ǯ㣬ɣޣɣĸĴȥɣ
ûµĹܳģûУȥʳǱţ
һŽС߿ƭ˭أǱˣȥʣ
ţ͵סжԭأ˵ʲôˡ
ʯѾֵˣΧΧ۵İûһǰԼͬضԶԶģȻһĻϰΪȥܡ
ţǰ˺ܿ챨ĸɽӸһ㻹𣿲һãһ
ţعϻŻȻ͸ղűıףңұģģ
ɽղŵһĻ۵ףȴȻ֣ʯ
ţȵվԭأҵʯˡ
ûʯ㱨ʲôһˣһɽĮ
ܿ˼ЦĴΪԼҺ˵źûЩؿһţƺԼ̫ԼԱơ
Скܲܰţÿȷʵɻ˵ġ
İһס죺˵ʲôأǸѾߵˣ㿴ȻְѳǱˣǲкµģѵҪ𣿡
Скһֵر졣
޸Ŷһǰȴһֱţϣٵڸɽ߼ææ˵ԼʲôֻۻԸɣֻҪһᣬ²ǮԣȴһһεӺʹϡ
ţеĹ𽥰ս˸ݵȭͷ޾ŭͲȼգȴʼûз
һλеڶλǶһ飬ٶһ顣
˲֪ãɤɳƣ˿ĿⶼᷳͲмȻͶˣȴҲȻˡ
ʱһȴͻȻ
ãˣǾſʯ
ɽһ㶣ֻˡ
ǵŮЦⰻȻ
ţУŵȻͷ
ȴǰŮü䣬֣㣬ţŸʲôдˡ


42 
ӿţʯʼ޾룬ߣֵܼվڱ̨ǰͰʯ
ƻ£Ƕ¡
ʼվüֵˣֵһᡣ
񡭡Լһ
Լ˵һ˵޵ȫûзϡ
ûӽˣҲԷΪħȻһ½Ĵս󣬽ԷԷӡͬĵط
ҴѾȥ֮ãǻһտǶ¼ѾҪµʵˡ
һƬȻû뵽ţȻȼ˳Ҫ˵ʲôȴߵСȰ˵ǮҲǴˮƯأûѡϣ𼤶λӡҪ
ţҧ´ӲԶһ·СܹԥƬ̣ʮظȻԼ֣ҡҽ
Щ졣
Ǹյ꣬ղӣȻЩˣԿÿһݲȣȻѧġ
ɽӰ£ںǮ˭ģǼ֣㿴ޣǵأ
޵ȻʱУ֣ʱ壬
һ㶣ȻЦŵ˵ͷ
һʱѾһƬҽĳʱõ֣û뵽ڻ
ţصվһԣЩصŵǼ֮ޣ߹ٴһݵأݹմģ䲻֪Ժһ᲻ʲô컯ֻҪ裬𣬾ƴǡ
˼ؿͻȻʵʶ֣ӦΪλ䵽ز
ǵȻΪɷˣһԱ̲סڵ˰ɣ֪ұǴ˳Ǵ壬ԴһԺͿʼ˥ܣ̫үö˶˵ӲҲˣĸҲʧˣúöһң䣬լӶ֪Ӻζһѻˡ
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ʽָһԲԶǺ޷ڡ
ЦЦлλĸ֪⣬޵֮˲Ҳûô
԰գʱûмƵ飬᲻бʲôԣȴʱƬ̣ڵá
ޣ
ȵȰ˼˵ôһΣֻע⵽
˼޲ȰȻԸ£ԼٱմŲԵĶǰƣҲѾܿ쵽
ڵһֱͦ
ҲҵСүȻѾ֪ԼѾжδվֱˡ
˿ˣȻÿ޸ʯȥҲ̫ˣϲļλִ΢ššüͷǿ˷һϰŵַˮϡ
ûжְ˾ϡ
ִйµܸܵʲô𣿡
ȴûлشֻЩ㵵ؿԼ¡
˶ڿ澵ӡ
ˮй貵Ĺٿŷֻۿɼرð׾͸ԿЩɫĹۿɼֿɴĶȿֺӿȥ
ִ̣ûҲѾʲôٿʱѾȫˡ
졢һһλִȻ
ֻͨĸǺãʼѣҲڴȻ
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ҲȻɣô𣿡
ǸǣۿԸʱҲû뵽Ȼ˼Ҳ̲סЦЦȻС¥ȷʵֵ̫ǮʣֻһС¥ֻ־ꡣϲ㣬һ־;˸ɽδϣ
ǴʦǷȥͻȻ뵽ʲô
ΪˣȻЩķӡʱὫǰ˰벽ˡ
Ѿнϰ˴Ѷ·ɿ֪ųϣϰΧԱߣŶɢĲ
ѾջţϵĿ⣬ţԼ˳Ϊ֮ͼȻǻرЩǣԼַˮϣʲô
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ȴ͵Ĺ⣬ĳΣָƬƬâӾûڡ
޺Ǹˣˮ˵ĵȷʵͨˣײ⣬ǰϰ
ǽϰҲû뵽һλ󣬾Ȼе£ϾӲе̤У˶Ҫʱ䣬ֱѾңʿԽʡȥŴʱͳɱ
Ƭ̣λСѾ¾λɢޣ
ʱףǵġ
λСҲ߸̡ǽϰֺǺǵ˳Ųҵˣ
ʱҲ棬µɫҪһ㣬ǽϰһ۱֪λΪѾУԼѾҪƾٸһˣɵøӸˣҪʲôȴɫٿ
ĳϲһͷڵغХδأѾȵˣĶǵһģ˭Ҳ
˻Բ䵶׷󣺡ӵģбһܣͽƾ£ʲôʱ˭ܵÿˣ
һһϮȹŮӴһˬʴЦѵӦλСѵ𣿡
޿Ŀɿڴ⡢Ǹɽ𣿡
ɽλˬʺ㿴ɽأĿԸҲʱǻһӣһãϾǵĿֻҵ޲İ취ţȷʵͲճˡ
д⣬Ҫ˵ʲôȴһλͷĿ󺺴䣬Χñ뺷Ʊˣȴ˺£غ󣬵һ²˵еʲôϸӴҵĹԹԣǲŻˣ²°
ԱȼЧ𺳡
һľÿһ϶ϸܷĻƵ̣Ưıʯνݻ
ⶼص㡣
صǣһֻСġ
һֻʮģ̺죬ëɫƯ̬ȴЩŻ޴Сġ
СĲҿǰˣҲҲĿƮֺ۵ףȴҪŬĺߺǰ⡣
ȻСĵĿ޿ΧƮһȦӹ븵ʱ˶٣͵ת˻
ö޲Ŀɿڴı顣
գգۣգգۣ
޵˿һڣ
ر˱۾ĵװʶü
۾ɵͭ壬ѲһЩԼĿڴ⡢Ǵ˵еĽ˿ȸֻ˵ؽ


43 
޴Ρ
±ߵĳұը䣬ʵЩҲ̶ãλó׷ѰĳУһϸкۼһЩ΢ĩĻҳ˼һգ۾΢ͫһƬףҰڲϻڱը֮ǰһĻһĻ
ִƴ˼ִ½вϻŴεԿףҲͬ²У˵˵ЦЦ˺һʱľĬתϵֽڿնǰٿѩĹ⡣
λע⵽ʲôٴλݣʱ䶨ֽڿյ˲䣬ÿһλͼֽʲô
֪Ѿ߳Ѫʺ˳۽գһεδϡ
ڿֽϵīͼ빴˲䣬ֻٿһˣ̫εĻݼͿĵԪʶ̫Ҳ̫׳̼·Ⱥɽ뱩ŭĳӲұ޿ɱܵĲΣûУڵأ
ϥڰյĳһͣص˵ϡ
֣㻹֣༸˾һһӵϣɿסճȫټȥҽϣ
һ˸ӣϸ֣˵ʲô
ֳ˿ֵǡǷ
ʲʲôˮָӵӣ㣬ֳҪˮˮ
ֳϣ
˵ô𣡣
ԭϢؿڸˣһûʹ˻ȥ
ſе۵糸ȥԭѾ˵޴ٴһš
˶Ŀ˸ղŵһĻ
ֳϣ˽ڴԲΪῴ֮أ
ѵдħԽˣ¶ħ̽ˣҲ˷κħټ
ֳ϶ᱻ𣿣׷ʲô
֮࣬ĳУõСͷ֪̳һηԹݻҡҡΣ棬ƽʣ·ﲻǱƿµηʲôգһ࣬Ǳ̺⣬ɳ̲Ҭ¡
˫ۣһһΣϸȥںߺ߲֪С
~޴κ~ʵӴ~˭ס~Һ~
ƷɽӴ~ѧɽСߺ߹~ɽɽɽ~簡簡Ƿ紵~
ұظѽ~Եڴҡҡѽ~
££²²~

ͺѲˡ˼˭ءʱ°ͣ˼̽Ŀ⿴ŶٿһѾزһҪ˵ĻҲǽعɣ

۵󣬵һֻȺѾնͣë΢΢ıԵ
ʲôֻۣǡֻǡ
ûȻ˵ͷ
ҲŶ޺Ѳͬ
ǰһĻʵ̫г˲֪ȥ󣬶ϵ׷ʲô
ûʲôֻ׼ʱһѵĹУż˵㣬ٱλмĳȻסϲذ˽˿óԺúȺԺ
ҲؽƣߵСĺܡѲݡ
ɫ죬ӲŤӣʼлԼһֻë֣ôױ˷Լľȡ
˷֣κͲڡ
ϾͷĿ༳㳤ϻ˵һסԷ죬ҡζԷĲ졣
ڵĶһֻڽ˿Сģ£͵
ֽа
һ֦Ǹ
ֻ˵Ҫϧ使ġ
һЦ֮ǰƿĿ⣬ʸʱҪҪ취ѶȳλˬĺŮЦһ
㰡ˣ㲻ҶҲˣôϲ񣿡Ůüǵһμõ³裿
ҵĺñ³ɰһ˵㳤Ũü΢壬ȻԶԷǲһܰӮˣͽҲˡ
ôϢ¿»ɰ˵ǱˣҾȻλ㳤ϵΨһҪɫˣϸڣ˻˵Ůţ
ʱĿѾЩЦʹļףνղֻĬĬ̧סԼҿֱѾʵ˰ԡ
׼ȷ˵ûԱ𡣱ϾȻȷʵ񣬵ҲġʱĿӶƿȲþˣȥϵСˣҲ͵͵Ǵ鱨

ʲôС˰ޣ
ʱûģҪ˿𣡣
оŵؿʱȵؿޣȴԲŮ˼Ƭ̣˵ͷҲãϾҵĽۻδ֪䣬ʦҲ֪ҪſϳǻҪڸɽͣһʱ䣬λ㳤Ҳǻ۸ӣϸ۲һ£ֱһ࣬Ѿ˵㡣жӦȷʵࡣ
Ƕؿżλϳͷλ޺͸ʱջϵĿ⣬ϸؿʼǼλϰ˵ӵ顣λϰ޷Ϊǲӵ渶ʯϣֱǶж£ûԥͬ¡

ҡ
ȥȻǴʱ˿̡ȷģ㼸λͷҲҪһ¸ɽŵ
һҪ˵ĻλȿֺĵҪǰˢһøжȣҪǣѶһ
ش󣬼λϲȣŲԻڼѾͨɸѡĵӱڳǵĹһ£̼˸ɽ
ͬɽУɽɽظɵķȫͬʹн糣껤ɽе¥ȴҲڷɳĴĥ£˼ִҰԣ¥Ϸ֮µıڻװɫҴ󵨣ɫ࣬޴δĹ֮ɫ
ǰɷ˵ֱӱץ˵Ѿ״ԼʦֵԵʣһȷʵκ˶Ѷʲôӡ
ֱ˿̣޲ŷ·ӵ˸ɽȷ򿪷ʽ
һ˲䣬ͻȻˣΪʦ˵ȻҪҪȿ·
紵壬ٴŷϵһƬչȻʢɽЩֺɫʷ·˹ϼգɽɫЩɫӿ¶ͬĹӰÿһӰıԵһĹߡ
áһĳλϰؿһеĳ֮ɫһҸɽھµϼɽ䣬мλǰɫʶֱ֮Ҳ۾˾ѵã˿ҲδһǣûžͿˡ
Цҡҡͷδʱʢ治֪˵̫ˣ̫Ұ
䣬ȴѾһƬ
ȴԭڵСϵĺվȻ䣬ɳһɾƤڵ۹ų¶ԭüĿһȻľɫ֪Ѿ棬壬һ
г϶Ƴ̾ΪɽҵĺӶڼ
δŵĵ֮֮Ҳ˲СԣƾʲôԼУҪϾȴͻȻʧ侪㵵ط֣˴ʱѾͬЩʱЩ飬ǿ
Ѿһ̤;ҲԴ˲վһ㣬ոտ;ʵ
ʱȴڿޣͷûЩʯ䣬Ҳαװʱ鶯ΣȻԸʱ֣֮ģȻԭ
Ķ˵ߣҲֻ޵ԽԽľ粻֪һᡣ
ϲСʦо
ָо
ѾԽȵţʶͨȴȻͣԭء
ֱ˿̣ˡ
ǲƾֻǴǰʱδ


44 
ӵ֮ǰͻȻվ壬޵ķһݡ
֮ľѾԶ˵ҲδֻҪĶȻ֪˼
ЦЦܲãٹֻ
Űת˶롣
Ĺŵ֮ȷʵЩ˼Դ⣬ԭЩرķڲȴû뵽ԵȻڣԭʲôҪǮġ
һȽϰĿΪʮʯһڣȽϰΪţλѾȽϰĿεǿֱӺԡϿͳһշΪʮʯƽÿĽڳϿΣһȽϰĿΣʮڶȽϰĿΡ
֮⣬ѧʹ÷ʮΪڶƷѣÿʮΪİʯʳ÷ÿһʮʯļ۸ͳһȫҲѡÿָֽᡣ
ʮʯһףĨͷһһһʮʯһӦƷȥСЦ幺۵ңѡУԼ۱ߡ
ˣǶλҪСԨǱߣึʮöʯÿգΪСԨŨ
뻹ʲôʳסУˣУʱҪȫվͳһһ£ҪһʱΪһʯɱӶ࣬ɶ󰡣ǸɽأϧɵӲ衣
һĳӵĻѾˡûɽ˶շѿĿĿľΪˣϾƽʱǳĲ԰ʯΪλġλûʲôԭĻȻҸɽɣ׻˵һɽظɽҸɽˣɽóǣ
޵ͷշѿĿбϸָǽĵλʦûʲô׵ĵط𣿡
ףҲ˵еĿĿγ̶ں͹ӶһͬʣֹӲѧķֻؾ𣿡
Ӻѻش⣬Ͼȥͼɢ޵Ӷڿ˼ĿϸԼ԰ʯĿٿ󣬴両ɽٲ鲻Ըسڵӣһģǵһ
ȷһȦٵأֻҪʯλɽһнпܣ
޵˵ͷԼѾҪˣõܺãҪһԸ𣿡
û뵽̬˷չԼ֮ǰܹѵĻֲﾹȻûӦԷʽ
ŸӹѶȵ׼ҧףȴЩͰ͵ǡǵģһԸѣλһ𸶣ǿǡһǮأ
޺ƽص˵ͷõģ·
ӵһһʱ֮侹ȻԷӦô·ȥȥ
һԸѰЦеʱ䲻ˣһһѧء
ЩľؿĸʱͼһЩһ
ȴƺ˵һж飬˵ʲôӦֻĵ̯̯֣ð
һĲ鲻ԸشСЦķȥ·ϻٽһԤ㣺ֻĿηѡסޡͲʳĻµҲҪǧ߰ٶʮʯ˫˿ɾҪˣǵĳʱʱῪһЩȤĽ۸Ҳƣ˱㣬ÿ˵ĿҪﵽǧʯ࣬𣡡
ѹǻûСЦ壬һжǱߣȺǮۿʦʦǶȥǮǷҲ˻ˣ
Цף˵˵
˵ˣӾԼѾ御ʾ֭þдʻˣ߹һɽ·ӭСЦЦݿƵĳλʦ֣򵥽һ
λʦԭЦ˽ӵĻЦݶʱֿ˿̿޺͸ʱı飬ڿү
һ·Сܶһ䣬˦ѽСЦСλƺС롪
ӿŶ˵ıӰ̾Ϣ뻢ˣҲ֪һȥҪСЦȺ˲Ƥļһ·ʯ

뵽޸ղź޸ͷβЦеģ
ԼǸòǺܳڣĪ˶࿴۵ɢꡣ
ܾã¶Ҳ˵ء

СЦ޷һ·ķ羰ͬ
յӦǹŵң֦ҶƮƮһ縡ɽ󲿷ֵط
һСЦĽ֮ڣü˾Υ֮Уźеɳζȥ࣬ĿȥȻ̣̲ạ̊́ƳƬأȴŹһ硣
СʦЦӯӯСЦмλ⽿ʦ㣬мλϲʦĳϰԸĻѶЩƩǧˮһɫûһš
ߡСʦָпһ⽿۵Ļǽǧﲻҹ̲кֱժټ˷ˮһɫֵĿ֮Уܻ
޺ϣĿ¶СʦֵĽܣϷǺΪСЦĴֱʶ𺳺۷
СʦЦֻСЦõһ֡
Դ˴޶СЦۣδ˵̵ʦǳױסⱦ޶ȵʦʦ㣬ֻΨΨŵŵƵּۻۣǴʱٻﻰⶼΪԷ룬ԷӸжһɿɹֱ֣СЦ峹Ρ
뵽Сʦһ߿ǰֻС޺ЩһЩĳңȻҪλ˷ʱι۵飬һЩˡֻҪȥǩֵĵط뾭˴
Ǽԡۣ룡ŶһϵһӦСʦһûһĽܣƩĳǻ˶󹦷ӺδãʲôλʦĴ֮һ·ģ̤ҵš
ʱɫǶһжȱȱϸԿ˫ɫͫЦ⡣
ƺѿСʦСЦɵĺ壬Ҳ˸ڴһĻ
Сʦǹؼλߵǰ̷ţˡ֨ѽһţѹһ㣬λʦʦ㶼ϲ
ǷŻ˽Ųپ׵ļϣ˰ʱ䡣
Ҹ֮ڣԸֵĵطû⿿ڡ
ǰǽһӰʯ澹ʵʱСʦִŶһ·ʱģ۵ףȻ֪СʦѾǰ̵Ӫ졣
ۿʱˣĳλʦֻվֶ̧˶Լϵӣ΢΢һЦʦ֣С
Ϊɢ竣һ׹˻ָȥɡС棬úѧϰһСЦа
СʦֺСʦһ¶־崺Цݣƿӣӭȥ
ѽѽλʦʦʵھõˡСʦЦⰻȻӭ֮ǰרް˲ʵǷ·æѲ
ٴ˵ŭؿСʦ֣Сô˵أСЦĴ֮ȥȡǰ㼫ոĳѩҶ裡
СʦʱĿ¶ȡɡҪһǧʯһ
Сʦüͷ΢壺ȥȥߴߴʲô
Сʦһ·Сܵˣ»ָЦݵСʦ̾˿ԳЦöλЦˡ
ô˵߲ɫع۲߸ʱ޵ı顣
һ˵ʱǶʦʦǶ¶զͽŵ̬˵ԼôصĲҶһϲȲ̸£չʾһˮݲ輼գ쿪⣬Чѡ
Ȼ޺͸ʱһȻЦⰻȻһȻֱͦȴ֪ΪԵЩɢȻͺû˸ղŵĶԻ
ĵźһǧʯһĳѩҶ衣
֪ΪΣСʦֵͻһֵĸо
ͺ񡭡飬ô˳


45 
Ҳˡ
СʦˮˣЦˣٶǰ
޲ž豭Сʦֵ˲ǰӦţŲȻҲн
ٲ죬˳ƪԴ̵ʦ˰Щ֪طʲô
λʦãôţСʦЩõǲţͬţĵòþ
֧ڲ谸ϣ˵ԭҲȥֻάź֮ǰһЦݣСʦš
ҪŴ˿̣ͲˡСʦЩ죬ȴȻʦò˷ѱҲ˷ˣʦһ㣿
ᰴסԼıԵЦелСʦֺ⣬ֻʱҴҶһԸģżҪ֮ǰȥƯѧᡣ´ʦƷ軰
ǰֻ˵һ̾䣬ֻͶѡ˿˵һСʦַŷɫʵö̲סҪ
СʦһСʦֵ׳ǸǳѾ̣ʵڿȥˣǰһ΢ʵСʦ壬λʦʦȴʼղĪǾСЦ裬󣿣
⻰ȻǷ
ô˾һǧʯһĲ軹أ
Сʦֵſģȴ˶һۡ
̾˿ԥԥ˵ġ
ʱ˹ǣҲδҪƷġ
޳üǰֱ˵鲻ΪʲôһҪҺȰɺȰˮѩҶôܺ㼫أȻҪ÷ѩɽϵһ簡
ʱ̸̸ָ豭۳˵죺ȻҲҪ÷ѩĶ÷ɱ䡣
ʹͷҷǵǻƵʦʮǰ۷ʱƵһ
ʱЦףǵһס
С㼫ĳѩҶ裬ȡ
ʱЦȡ
СʦֺСʦ֣
⡢˵ʲô
÷ѩĳѩҶ裬ܺȵ𣿣
ơƵʦ˭
޳Ͽҵ¿򷽲һƬŭݣѾһãȻСʦ֣λʦ֣ò˵͸󿴱ʣ
Сʦ־ڷʼǺ죬ȴǿţŲӵһɺԣҲֻǵ;˵Ū˰ɣ˵÷ѩ룬֪÷ѩ㡭ǿСЦ帻ûʣʼɣԼװԼܶİɣ
䣬һۣȴһЦЦ𣿸ûʶôõ𣿡
Ƕĵ̧̧һüëǷţӹȴδطţţȴӲҪװǻƣȴһ¶ˡһ·ж棬Ǽ٣ǻ󣬶ǹŪ飬Ҫһһ𣿡
Сʦۣ˵ʲô
Сʦַյϵɢ֮ɫСӲˣ
СʦֵײݵĲӲͷƤ㲻ҪſھҸңʲôŪ飬ʲôˣ
һЦСЦĿұŴһ𡣡
˫̯һָ̲кĻֻúĻ裬߻кĺ˽ӡ
һָϻĵ޶в٣ݻ֮ȷʵᣴȾƼ޶У޶۷ɫСЦĪǱƭˣ

ϸһָʱĿСʦֱǸӺϣ΢΢һЦ
Сʦֵһ⡢СʦֻʮʯӴʦǰīòҪѪ˵ǼٵİɣҿǼ̵ģɨһ۾֪ٵģǻʦҲôƶɣ
ƽЦȷʵܡҲ漣Ǿãʮʯ𣿡
Сʦ⣬ɴۿޣСʦеĲԾѾԽԽŨزٿڣŬ˼ʱ˿Ӧ˵ʲôá
һȴˣӢɿվǶӹ޵Ļţ𣿡
ȻȻСʦ֣ıƭˡ
Сʦֵɵ߹£Ҳ֪ԼСʦֻ֣΢΢ǰŶԼã
λСʦֿﶼģ£ʻѹȸжǿ޵طųһ߾ѹ
ʱɫ۵׵ĲüŨĵôǮôƣ⸡ɽҲգСʦԼѾòܵ˿ܣӲԼͨĵеԪתôѵҲһΪ޲ĵط⸡ɽҲա
ǲͷ˼㡣
Ҳе㷳
ݼȻڴȴҲһ֪ӲϢЩ̸̳аõֶΣʱͼ˸㣬޷Ǿҽұ˶ѣЩѹƣǲֵһᡣ
ЩֶΣͬϡ
ȻԷˣȻҲٸԷκ档
ϵЦˣ̾˿վ
з⣬Ƿ·Сʦ˵ˮһɫҲ˴ԼĻ÷
Щȷʵȷʵƣȵظȵ޴ε⣿
һ̧֣һ㣬˻ڲ⣬Сʦֵɫȴ͵رˡ
СЦɫƺĪٿ˰ЩԭȲڿеˮɫͻȻ˴δйСꡣ
С꣬ʲôзأ
ŽŽ΢ݣҶҶͷ
һʮĵˮһɫ֮⣬ĻþȥСЦ廹ʣʲôأҶɫҪþţôȥӴʦ漣أʮʯҲСʦֺ˵˵İɣĪ⻭ʵǳСʦ֣֮
ָ΢Ѿ۵ĳϣһϾºۼĵطʷܻԼ˵Сʦֲ᲻ɣ
һʱ֮䣬СЦУҲžҲͣɽȻʫ黭⣬ȴ·ī֮ûһ
ɽмէ𣬼λʦṳ̆еĻȴڿ޵ָʱ͵
Զһĵط˶СЦķ
СԨϣŶļ㳤ԼĹͷһֵı飺СЦȺɵ˸ͷ
ֻЩȤ
˵˲Ҫһôƭ˵Ǯ浱Ǯ˶ɵǮЩ˰¶һ㣬ʯƽСЦˡ㳤Це񣬶̫̰
˶ʯ֣˵㾫
̧ۿ˿ǰ綼ЩŤɽͷͬص˵Կǡ
ôһСɽˣƽȷʵʲô¡
㳤۾һӴҵĹԹ԰˵ҵİģǳ⣡Դ⣡
󡣡
鲻Ըôһ˵ģ
޺͸ʱ͵СЦλһƬ۷׷У֪ؿСЦķ
ٿЩⲻһСЦ壬Ҳ֪ǲۻȻԼ¶˺ɽһĻ֮ɫ
ӣ
һͻȻԼ֮ǰĪԤУĵǰɲǰɣԼȻȻԤԳ
λʲôͷ
ѹ֡ѹһ־Ͱ︡ɽһλ
СЦڡ
Сʦֻ¿ڣҧǰȷʵǱƭˡлλʦʦִԣλߴͽ̡
ָһɡ
ͣҶչŽ̡
£ӹСʦַϵĲ裬һڣϵǿ֮ɫ¿ɫСʦ֡
ôǿú̸һ̸һԸ𣿡


46 
븵ʱСЦڻָһƬ
СЦ尲ˣСЦλʦʦȴ䲻ƽ
֮ǰǽʪСЦ˵ġ
ҲĦȭ׼ٶɼƱġ
СʦСǸҲˣҲˣ¶Ӧǹȥˡɣ
Сʦ̾˿Ҳǰ߱ûá֪ǱСʦɳλһʯգǺóԺúȵعţҲӦõİ
ߺһֱδһʵСʦͻȻʲô
Աλи塣ʲôر𣿡Сʦһ㶡
Сʦ뵽ʲô˴ôҲϽļ鴮૵ݣֱʼʶȫݵҲԪ׿һҡҲְңһ򣬷ﰡ
ִ˴ӣһǶͻƿڣ壿ոĵ٣ǼӿɶڻʳסţҲԼУ͵͵УҲȥ񣬷Ǵ˻ڲڣ˭Ҳʲôأ
СʦૣСʦȴ˸ȫɵúʳǣң˭
Сʦһ۵ɹ߻ʵԶ޵˲£ҲĲʰɣ
СʦڨЦͷԣǣ
ҲǶ˵߻ʵԶСʦջĿ⣬֡
СʦȻãȻĿ⣬Ųͷ˸ʮַ˵ģɻĪָĶ𣿾ǣʳǵǸʵۣո
СЦﰲһȻҶ˵ڻ
ҵĻⲻһתȥط
Сʦ̾˿ִ̧˴ԼȣˣǾ룬˵ԪԽ㣬񾢾Խô°ҡ
СʦҲ̾˿㣬˭أҿ̫ˣҲûʲôһģûɣȥ˯һҡ

ѡѧĹ̺ܼ򵥣ϾҲѾûʲôѡˡ
ȻɽȻЩʹ֣ںܶϣȻдϸλõѧᣬȻΪһµĴл
ѧʹرȥʣҲܴӵ̸λʦܽαгḶ́ҲЩĽȴмʵڡ
ԭҲܼ򵥣˫֮ĲʱʵκμʵģһֹҵİԸС
ȻµţЩųҪߣѧȻڴǷһģȴˬʴ󷽡Ըɽɽ˴½ܣеŶϵ޵ۿΣѾ١
һӿȥСʳȿ븵ʱһۡ
ʦѼꤡҲʵҲûʲôʱȻСʦþأ
޳Ƭ̣뵽ԼƷʱ뵽֮ıը¶˵˸ʱ˵᲻·֮ʱ˳㲦һ䣬Ȼȥըﳤȥ˵֮޴λѽҲܲľôʦ棬ҪȥңҵĽҲͷûء
һգϡ֮ʱ»Ӱĳȥ
ʦսʱ˵ɽɽ塣
ָŲһһֵʱһ΢ͻأλƶٴ죬ƽ
ʱʦˣмԹɽʲô
ʦЦ˵ֻɽѣЩ̨ͤ¥żеȥǱҲǷ֣С塣
ǵһƬЦ
⻰֮ȥһΪ޴αɽһйŹ֡
ٽһ޴αըɽȴƽ˾ӣ˵ǲǸɽܹݣָɡ
ȷʵϹ
޴ҲȷСС
֪ɽлƫɽС
ĵ׵ʦͱӣۣ⣬οͿֻɣû𣿡
ʱ
Ҳô̵ģ־ԼǲǱʱˣɫǸӵؿ˸ʱĲһۡ
ԷĿ⣺Сʦûرġ
޲⣺ţ
ʱ̧һָָָԼ˵ƤѣǱȽ⣬ҶԼʱСʦôӲңģСʦƵƵעӡ
ĵƵƵ֮ǰҲ
ÿ˭࿴أ
ǲܳϵģ̹Ȼץסȴһ£޵ǴʦֲҵĻô֪ڿأ
Ϊʱᱻ϶ԷҹɫͷҲص䴽ǣСʦǲˣϻֶʶ
޴󾪣ÿ˿ʦֵʱ㶼ܷǡƽʦǺ࣡
ʱ
ʱࡣ
Ǻ֡
޺˱˼չԼʶЩ˷ܵʦ֣㿴ҡ
ʱԵػͷ
ûпûУʮֿؿȥ˱ĵطҲԣôʶע⵽˵ߣ
˵䣬Щתͷʱʦ֪ģȥҵĵԪϡԺԲƣʶȻҲʮޡһ˵ҡҾͺԿôʦּЦˡ
ᡣʱĿϣͫҹԵøīڣȴ־ȻҲ᣺Ǿԡ
ȥ޴αӦƵһҹԻһ岽һġʦֿң쿴ҡʱ岽ƢõһһƹĿ⣬ķң⣬ƶʱ΢¶СŰĲ°ͺһСزеЦԽԽŨ
СԽԽڵһԼʶ֪˸ʱߣЦŻͷӭϸʱĿ⣬ٺǺ֪ػعԼһ·ое죺ô鷳˴ʦһ·
ӦõġȴʱƵһǷǧʯûء
һ£˵СЦ渶˸ʱѧӷѡ
ȻȻʲô渶Ͼ㣬һ˳УʱӦеģȻôһӦеҲӦ
޲˵ʲôĿȴͻȻʲôһЩͻأͣԽļͷ˺ͻأһٴ졣
ôˣʱ˳߻ͷ
һֻ͵͵ĲɫĴزص̽ͷԥεһֻ򣺡ˣôûСǷǧʯϢ˰㣡
˲˶һ񣬶޼߶߶ؽſߣģģǲ֪ӵжѣҿǣСԨз󣬶̽飬ͷߣٶ㿪һпܵļӣΪ˼𣡣ϵ˴ҹˣȥѽүүѾû˵ˣҪˣĿʰá
ޣ
ʱ
һʱ֮еž
ĬĬס졣
һͬҲûˡ
òʱЦһгкȣ˱ãţȻСԨ壿֪ȥСԨ壬Ҫʯġ
ط³̾˿ȷʵǺóⲻ˵
ͻȻȵȣ˭ǹ
㻹ȥ𣿡ͻȻʵ
㶣ҡ⡭
Եι̾˿ȸҶġӣ׷Ƕѷɡ

Ҳû㲻Ҫ˵
Ȼҹڼ˵ʱı
֮ǰҪ͵СԨĽ˿޺͸ʱҪСػСѧᣬֱһҹٴ١
˽ţȻ²ͣо󣬵ԪԳ࣬С·ҲۣΪԼ΢ĩ仯ƵظеϲʱȴͻأͣٽһѰһ²һʯͷ档
ǰ죬޲Щ
ҪʣڴЩŲ
룬ڳصĽŲ
ʵһ𣬱ζţһܷ
ԽԽǽµضЩ𶯡
ԽԽȴûһ˵޲ҿʶȴѧõȻʯ̽һ㡣
ηɫֱֽ̣ͬŶȴް죬·ʶַ·Ѿʲôư㣬뻮һ˳ɽ·ǰȥ
ǵ۾ɫ£˼صɫ


47 
ЩȻؿǰһĻ
ɽʯɳ죬°䣬ǹ΢ɫ΢ͽӲһĶ飬źɽµĲ֪֮ȥв֪Ƿй;ȻҲЩͽܾġ
Щһγһ˺µĻ档
ԭֻЩȻؿЩھȵĽŲ׽УͻȻСĳصɶ
ɶɽ¶ЩŲҲԸԶĵط
һ˲䣬С嶼˹
ĽŲ˾Ƴĺ
Ǻأȴܾȣ֮䣬ɽɳ֮Ϊһ壬پĬעһء
ǵԺָһεٿ
ʲôˣ
Ȼž޲ϲޱȻҲ޶⡣
ʶһЩ˵óֵģһЩδţδġС壬ԭһɽ𣿡
һɽţĶû㿴ҵıأɽһɽܣˣҿá
޲ǺԼӦÿʲôһ̣ǵ˴΢ӣҲһЩԭǰɽɽҹҹǱ˹
ȷʵǷ𺳵ظ󻤸Ĵڡ
·ǺתĹɱڴ˴Ҳ֮Ǵ˷صϷ
޻Ǵ濴˼Ī졣
٣·ǲһС塭ֻ˵޴ε֧š
ʶ̫ãǵ
Ϥ𣿡
ףǵģΪΡ
֮ǰСЦ岻˵úܺ𣿡ٿһ㼫΢Ц⡣
ûϵû˾Ȼƽɽִģ֮ǰ֮ǰָơ
ֻ˰죬ҲûԷָֻʵǰָһ䣿
ºۼĵطʷܻԼ˵Ǳʷ˵Ļ
ЩȻȴȻЩ¶ƶǶҪʲôȴͻȻһ͵شӸղص״̬˹
ȴʱһָü䣬Ĺָөө
޵еĵɢȥ𣿡
Ȼôˣ
СүүˣǶ˹ȥûã׼ȻţôжвѣǲסĻꣿ
˼Ƭ̣ʦ֣ǵҺǵҸոաˡ
ʱ˼ؿȴ׷ʣֻʱ䲻ˣЩͽ󣬻䣬˿Ӧرʱȥʦ壬ʱһ˵
һ·Ҳȷʵ縵ʱ˵ȥһ·ȻްӰǼΪ˳Ǳ϶Ļ֮С
ϤƤ޾Ȼ˰ĵĸо
ֱվ˹һηſڡ
޹Ƶķ⾹ȻܲΪĵСͷʵҡҡϣһһΣͷ΢΢ţ˹
Ҹڲбź󷳲ʤıǽ
ȻʦȻߣ˯
ޣ
ʱ
Լ˶֣Ǹпһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪Ҵĵطǽ˿˵ʦҲô˴ء
̾˿̧ȥ˴
濴Щͬ
ЩҪۣЩҪأ޹ĿԴǰеķÿһ߶ǵһ¶Է
ȻͬʽⷨȻҲͬ
ǵûһΣ޵ٶȾͿ̶࣬һʱһѾվ˺˯Ĺǰ
ʱޱڷɣ򿪰ĲֽɢϯСη˹Ͽա
һʱ֮䣬ηǽˣȡ֮á
ӵģĸҴҹĶôŵ㣿
ĸɱǧĸ㵽ˣҲһڣ̫ңĳԶʳ˶ûxx

Ի˷ż˳ӣĴá
۽ǵʺ쳣ؽӹʱеɣڱһڣ¶ɫ
ٿڣʲôǳˣͷĸĸùûʲôûʲôƨ£ͳ⣬ͳ⣬ǣͶҷŸɾ
һʱ֮䣬ɧʢضˣô˹Լˣ
˿ı죡
ĿɿڴؿŹһߴҧɣⷢҰÿһڵļ϶ĭɣսȺۣЩɪɪضСηĽ
ֱɳ꣬һ֡
ޣ
˰ȴ޻ɵЩüȥҵͱο⿾бأ
һӺ޸ʱͶϳ֮⣬
һҪͱӣûͱӱң
ôܶ˲䣬ĺŹ˵ģ
һ̤ҹɫ³޴Σɫ䲻ѣȻɫѾ΢ףԼ˵ڶټιǰͻȻһ¡
Ҳ֪ģҰԣǱϾ⣬ЩҲҲɤӣұȽ
һ˵ɽĵԽԽˣȥǰ취֪ɽش֮ǻǵŵʱʢֻһС˶ˣɽôˣ
΢΢šüҲȷʵܵ˸ɽ˶ϡ٣Ϊ˴ã֪֮٣Ҳ٣û⡣
ڶǡ˵¡ʲôҲ֪ʱἰ޴Ρ˼һǻץǣҲпܰɵĵҲ˽ȥп˷ʧ벻ͷ
޺͸ʱ£ʱ磬˵㼱СԨĽ˿ȥʣ¶ֱѧᣬ˲ʱ䣬һЩĲģͬŵǾӵȥϿΡ
һʼͬӻһѧᡣ
ٺһЩʱ˾Ȼʦ˵ЩδܼѧҵɶȥоĪȴҲ޴ӿ֤
ºϵĺȦԽԽأ˵޴Ρ⿪ٶԽԽ죬Ѿߵĵز˵ƶһСȦһճԵʱϾζĳ۶òˣ
ٷйڽζ͹ʦһҧʦסð
ҡ壺ص˶㼱ʲô
ǲֻ̫Һܺ棬η˶ˣɼ⸡ɽҲĹ˽Ժ󣬱ҪһصףҪɷİɣôҲᣬҲ⼸յĶʱһԵĲݶϣ΢΢üʦʲôԵļƻҲ޷롭Ӧȸ֪ǣ
΢΢Цһʱ򣬻ըһңôڶҪ˴ķˣ
ãվըһңңǼҸɵģ
һүүڵʱǾȻ˾춯𣿡
΢΢ƤȻ˭
˳˼
ʱüԭˣҲǺ⡣
Ҳʲô˦ͷĺëȷʵ
޵ĳ˼Щ
Σ֪ͳһͰ߽͡ѾЩ˵ֽչܣܲɣľ㻭˼ʰˣ

ô򵥼ʾд˵ЧİŭǿһңзڸǱĲң
ɫЩõֳɨȥһ۵Ŷȴ֪̳к߼Ҫըһң̳Ҫʰ
Է֮һһϲͨĳ̳ҭסβŵЩ߶߶ķ޺˲𣿣ҲŲҪüʣ֮ҳǸ˭޴οըӰ쵽СǵĴҵ


48 
ɽӿУλ㾡ȫȴȻѰõұըֽͼôչһ֮С
ɨһۣЦŨ˵㣿
ֽۣϣȻ뿴ڽԼըëķʲô졣
Ҳüͷ΢壬ϸƬ̣ȷԼʱըķް֮
ҡ𣿡ʮֳɵʵٿһ۹ƶ´ͷż㹴յɽϣðɣȻҡ
ȻƣЧӦǧ
ĳ־ȻǺȻһѣҪôըըҪôըɽըңѲ޻Լǲڱըʲô츳
ô˵أĳ̶ֳ˵ͦըġ
ھͳɢ˪Ȼ£ֱܲըʦ̳ȥ¶Ҳʡÿȥ
ҪЩߣҪȥ㵱ʱʲô뵽ʲôҪʲôĲʲôҡҡȻô죬޴ôΣ㿴ʲô𣿡
޴Լܻըعһ㶣ȷʵ˺ܶ࡭Ӧÿʲô𣿡
Ȥ˵˵
Ƭ̣ɽɫ羰븡ɽγ˵˼䣬˵εͽ죬ŵһֹֻһε
΢΢üۣ
ûٳֹˡüģƺ֪ڸɽ飬Ƴ˵㲦֮⣬ûбĶҲǷλϵƣĿǰ˵һ񡣡
Ŷ㲦˻ϡĺӣӹ£ˣʦҪ㲦㲦ͽܣûôһ硣
û뵽Լһ˵꣬ص
ͷ׹ˣ͵ðôһ䣬Ȼһ˶ȻͻȻķ˵ĸж
ϧոЩڴƵȷʵ˵ûǺϹʲôϵأұϾֻǸʦ
ޣ

аɣȨղŵĸжι˹ɡ
һҹ֮ƺ޽չعȥˣ޻صѧȴѵõЩ
ȻұըǳԼֱʣôԼǰóԼԺһȻйصƲ⣬ͿȫƷˡ
ĻǸˡ˭أ
ңΪʲôʦԼ˵ôε飬ȴȻ޷ӦͽһһȴΨʦﰲȻأ
֪һСڹĶԼʲô󵨵顣
ܲըСɣ
ĵ׵Ĳ²ԽԽŨҲԽԽ
ʦڵʲô
ڵȥЩʲôڵһ顣
ֻ˵±ϵһġ
ΪܾùЩڶԼ˵
޴ֻܹʦֺͶ
ҲǸʱȻҲշһյĶ
ô˭أ
ǵǵܿһУȻҲܿʦ
ʦںԵİʾ
Ҫը޴ΣҪڽôκ󣬼סķ·
ԼĵĲ²⣬ЩãȻ룬˵ʦĿģΪǵ
ǵ˭ġʦ
ֻ˵ǡʦйصˣ

ȻһƬелӣкŲ֪С
źţСͻȻ
һƬ̣ٿڣ˵ջ𣺡Ҷ˵ôˣû𣿡
һظС¥ܹͰ˸ˣ˭ܺʦҪ˵ôףſ𣿣
ޣ˶˵ˣǰҲȷʵȥСתһȦҲĻˡ
˵ʱ򣬹΢΢һ͡
ͣ˺ܳʱ䣬ǶԼ֪˽ֵȻѽܡ
Ҳ뵽һЩ顣
ٺܳʱԺͻȻڵǶûˣֻңܷܷ֪𣿡
Ƕ֪ڡ
軯ˣҲָҲб±ƹҰбҲװŪغ˵
Ҳ찡㵱ǰ𣡣

߶߶ãɫЩ΢죬Щ΢Щ˯
ɫӳЩ⣬ͻȻһ
Ȼ䵭ƽǴӷɳѩ߳ҲǱҰ紵ȥ
֡ˡ
һʶˣҪڵϡҲ֪͵еľж󡣡
㣬㶼ûˡСֻ󼸱ˣѾħ˵ͽѾǧߣ͵ʶɢˣҵʬ׾ͻҼпǵ򡣡
㻹ߴߴᣬ߶߶ܷ
ҭ˰Σһ˼ƽϣȻĥĥҲⲻǺòײŶ׵һͨϵݵ𣿶Ѱ֪Щô𣡣
Ҳ©ֻᲹҴţΪҺҪ㵽Ҳûͽܣﰭ𣿣Ҳ㣬˭
޵Ȼ᣺ҵĴֻɵӡ
֪֪ͷⲻѾǸɽĹ㻹Ҫʲô峵
ʽñɵӣ
һŵӲŻĽһޣôѧôѵԼĴоʹ˶Ͼ𣿣
յηıԹԵø񲡣
ôǵηԹȻȻ˶
ãˣãҡҡվʵ
ԣжã
˺ܾã޵һ
󣬻һħͽ

ҹܳ
ϵȥ˼ĳµʱֻúܿ졣
޶ǾԼķе;ġ
ôϵһ룬һĺ𣬸ػһҹķ
Ǳը
ҪЩߣҪȥ㵱ʱʲô뵽ʲôҪʲôĲʲô
˵ġ
òϣӳŷʱֻըԼڵըĳŻС
ﴩʱҲûƾ֣ըһ·
ʦҲԼû뵽ľȻйô
Ҳݣһҹʱ򣬶˼ϸöҪΰС嶼ըˡ
ɽɽģ
ɽϵķһģ
Ѿ˷£ʱʵֻ޸еļ⣬ͻģ
һ߻䣬һ˼²ϵֽϹʲô
ʱ˿̣Ҫλ˱ըҵֳһһ۾Ϳı¾ȻС̻Ǵһ硣
ز˶ƾȻѾȫҲģ
ɫ޵ķȴͻȻ졣
Щش򿪷ţŵȴǸʱ
λΪɽϣ
ŵӲſԴĺڽ˫ɫ޿ʱӣѽǰüĿǸİСϵ
ţԱţЩɻĿ⣬Щ˼ЦЦͷûб飬ǡ·һҪ㡣
ĵʲô·Ҫô硣
ŵô̿
ٷһºƹɢС¥ԼƴδʱȻ֪һΣʶ
ٶȼ켫شӻͳٺ˸ԺտĵطͻȻԼĽ
ޣ
ǰٿһ
ĽЩɬȴģΪÿһжŽ뻺
ꡣ
ǧᡣ
սٳˮ
ٿʲôͷĶ
һСӣдĸ֡
ʽ
ÿɶôһЩ֮أطȻѧ⽣ã㼱ææҪ̸ԱյĶ顣
˵ȻǾãʹԼΥŹ飬ҲԵ޵ʱʯ
̧ͷʱѾûӰСԺֻʣһЩûɢȥĽ⡣
̧֣ڰйһĽ
ظ
ꡣ
ǧᡣ
ˮ
ţɽȱˮ

ᵯ˵ϵĻңĵһ尡
ͻЦЦޣû뵽ɣܿ˰ɣ
á
ϿƮ˼޵оѾ𣿡


49 
޽зַȻʽ
ǰƺ˵˼ĻһαȻԱʽͻȻ
˵٣ѾʼɽˣɽʩѹҪǷſգͷŹѺıɵӲͺ͵Ǹ
֮⣬ƽҲ£ధϣɽǵ˷ųоݣ˵Լ
֮ſʼѧӦЩ⣬ǽͷö
û룬ʶס£㿪ʼ
΢һĿһѧϡ
޼ȻѧʶӦĿ⣬֮ǵĿ̫̹˿ûڣϵĵһʱ䣬ʶˡ
ɢεĿ⣬ҲֻǸʱ
ףŸʱķüһЦʦ֣á
˫ָгһƬǰһ
ʽ˳Ķζ
ϸܵˮٿ˿һָɺԵأҲڽˮķɳϲΪݻ˰ڷŵĽ硣
籾Ρ
ĶΣһܿµ顣
ģǰĶըСʱȻֲЩ
ʱ΢٣һѾվеĽǰ
ִǬһѽһŻڰյķ˵ϣ
ڷɣڵסԭòɫȴȻ̧ۣЦЦޣ糿ļͦ¡ءĺˣҪԼҲҪһը𣿡
˵Ҳû˵ŸʱأЩƵķߵĻ˵ˡ
ǽ
ôղŻúöģҪըˣ
ԲŮĬ˺һ̵ҡʵ㿴ʽġ
ըʽʱŷѾĽ⳹׽飬ŽȻһҪըδİǵ֮⿴Ƭ̣ͻȻʲôҪըС壿
ĸҳϣֻɲʲôʦ˼
ʱÿɷü𣿡
ͼ˵˵֮ǰţըҵΪ񲻾ǡҶôˣʦͳͺȣҲܡܵ취

ʱֹؿİ취ǡը𣿡
޸Ц򶨵ʲôҲû˵ֻЩͽȷʵЩΣʦŲߣҲܵİΣ
Ҳǲԡʱ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻҽȥһط
۾һѾµ˵ط˵С𣿡
ʱף֮ǰȥһֱΪ´ݾߣ⡣
޶ˣըҪըˡȻع˼̫࣡
һļϣ˵ĿΣè￪ʼһֽĥһӱʻذ֪£֪Ȼ
̫𣬳ĳеʱʱǺܿ죬޻۾ܾԼǲʲô
ɪشĳüͷ壬ĵҲƴڻ˦ԵʱÿյĻ涼˳ôЩ˲õϢ𼱻ҪʱȻѰ˲
Ļ취Сһ
ľëҲ䰡
СԨ·ȥĵţû£мĿΣڿ϶˼üŪۣʾʲôҵᡣ
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һ
Ƭ̣ϸһȦһȦ
ûݵ

ˣ˵ϿΣʵʾȻ̿
ڱʲô͵͵˵飡ʲôĵǴ
Сջߣڽ˿üͷתȦȦⲽһ߽˼ڵ
ǰһհƾԼ˼㳤λ˵Ļ
еϢʵڹ󣬶Ŭܽᴿһ¡
˵ǰСһм޵ˣ˱Ҳһλϣ񾳽磬ϧϣҪʱĲ̫ã辶Ҫǿƾ
辶ָľǡħ
м̼ûϸ˵С޴ӵ֪ᵽʲôǧħͽҵɣ˷֮ҹɽҪͽԽԽ࣬ѹ̫󣬺ٶˣǰһơ
Σķüޡ
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ٺ棬Ҳ˿˵˿ʣ˿ֻԼڽ˿תȦ
ѾһˣԼٱȥҪ̲סֱӿʼ㳤ϣΪһֻڻĿˣ
븵ʱԶһ֪֪Ѿ̽ôҪ鱨
ææµµ˵Ǭ˱ըһ̧ͷѾҹˡ
Щƣȴ˷ܣԼıըԾԾԵش˴֣ҧһζıٹȵʦ֣𣿡
ʱǬһһ䣬룬
޴δʱװ磬ǸпԭʦʱҲȽϽ
ʱ治ɫ˽֪ظʱֻһԨ⣬ѱĽһˣֻҪҲϣ˻ҡ
ޣ
Ľ˵ɱߡ
ʱĽָըСɽ
·ѾʶһΣҺܶˣҭҭ׻ΪȻǵģûը飬ʲôϵأ
һѹñܣҹɫ·Сķȥˡ
ǵӰʧ󲻾ãһӰЩСվ޵Ժſڣãϸ˿ȷûˡ
ףôˣʦûȥأͷüͷʿʽôء

Ȼ֪Ѿʽըʽ
֪λЦӯӯΪԼݳʯŮȻںҹУ׼ɽĳ춯صһը
Сɫ
ºڷҹʺǱС
ҹ޴εľѾܹɽ䴩ںڰ֮УŸʱĽŲٿͣ½Ųһ齸ʯ֮
ϤĽŲ·븵ʱһۣϢѹͣȻ׺ϡ
ɽ·ѣΪԼѾСһϤ˽⣬ȴһͽȻ֮ǰδһ·
ϣ˲䣬Ȼᵽ˷ζȻһֱ۷ʹ·˴˲ް취һ·
˲·ͬʱ֮ڣС֮£ü
ôˣֻ𣿡
¡һ˵̫ãˡһɱ˱ǡ
˵ĶԻ˽˸±ۣƽƽǰȥ
˴Ȼǽˡ
С徹ȻпյģɽڵƻͨһѪء
ŨѪɫȥɫʣƻ֮䶼ֻʣһƬɺ죬о޴ϼѪ֮ϣеԪΧѪЩƽȶӵǰľ޴ϼϡ
ֻ˵ǰЩ˵ĵԪ
վڸɽϿ¿ԿɽеĵԪƶͬһȥڸɽе޵ϣ޵ر˴ֻǿƼȡɽ뺣ٳɶ㣬޴Ѫɫϼ֮С
ϼ֮УԼһ˵Ӱӡ
˳ɢ䣬ѱϼʴƲȴȻɱ档
һſԳ֮Ϊ񾲵ŵüҲҲɫѾ͸
ͽӲɽ·Ѷ£ڽһɽ֮ڵĿռ֮УޱߵѪԱߣԥ½һȥ
ѪеŨҺ岻ϱ£һжĳȴаļף޺͸ʱȻزĳ֮󣬿ǰĹѪȵһĻٽĿѪ֮ϵѪɫϼ롣
޵ͻȻ֮ǰ˵¡
Ҫʧٵӣƽధˣɽ׷ĸա
Щƶһ̣۵ǰһĻ
ǸɽһֱҲκ֪顣
ʱԺǰδеأʣħءɽȻд˶£ǡҪħ𣿡
ʦ֣ȥ֪ͨʦɫͳﾲ䡣
ʱ˵ҪһߣǰһҲȷʵҪ˿ţ޲ҲûڿֶΣһˣȷʵȥʡ
ɿͳһӰģ̧޵ķҪһܿ
ףٽȻӰ飬͵͵ǰһж¼С
ȸոն׼Ǹ޴ѪʱȴѪеͻȻۡ
˫ȻǺɫģȴѾ˵ɫմȾС
ͽȻ½ӰѪ֮УѪо޴ݿʼÿȥһͽ˫еıɫ֣ü֮ʹ֮ɫһЩ
ʹ۵һ̶ȵʱ򣬺ʹҲʹ࣬ĳϰΪ
Ȼ˫ۿѪرߵˣܿע⵽Ŀ⣬һ˼ЦһǧͽϾҪˣޣȰ㻹ǲҪˣʵʵħħٻ򽫴˴׸ǣΪħٵڲ˵ʱħһˣͽ㸴أ㻹ڸ翹ʲô
ʲôҲû˵ֻؿǸˡ
ͬʱһЩϤ޶
ǵָȻٿɢȥӰٵ
ʶһˡ
һظС¥Сʦá
˵ԶҪ˳ܣԶҪº͵߽ǸҹӦӦ˻Ӧŭ߳͵ֿ
ˣȴû
ûٵ㡣ử󣬸ҴһǬıըҺοҲΪο
޵Ȼƽ޸飬ȴƿ˫ž޲ɫȴԽԽʤУһżձ¡
СҲˣƷҲˣʽһ󣬱޲İ취ҵĴжˣһ룬ʣµԼҿ㡣
ЩۣȻܵݣµۣ˵Ѿۡ
޻˼ڴϢ
һ̡
ȻУ˵꣬˵ɾ͸ɣ
һĵԪߴʽĽ⣬ٿᴩ޵ĵ


50 
ʵ̫ͻȻ
⧲һģͷǰʯϣ㷢һʹ
ɿסԼ죬ѹѾӿߵ
ƣĺҲѿס⧲ͻһ
һ︹̣һ߱ѡظ봩Լĵ
ǰúԪڵĵԪ±֮ǰκһ㣬Ѿϲޱˣ֮ԵϤȷʵ̫㹻ȫûз֣ĵ©硣
ҲҪʦģǲ׵ͷӹҶʼ˾ͺߺ䣬˵˾ˣôʲô
ֱڡ
пɬֻõԼûнܹʱԨ⽣ĽݲУûиܹʱĿ˿̿ѾҪǰһڣιȥˡ
Ҵʱ֪ԭۣҲһܡ
Ϊǵڴ
Ԫأ˳ҵָԼ
ôаѽţôԨ⣿ǲҪû⽣Ԫ©ˡ
Gһ㰡ڸʲôʽô㱬ը˼˭̵⽣е㲻Ծɣ˭ըˣ
ʲôȥǵʲô㶼ȥˣ㻹
룬룬һһ͹ȥˣ

ܲףΪʲôƽž޲ѿҲ˳ô
޵ĵԪһʼĲΡΡԼһͻᴩطɸʹ֮࣬ʹ𽥱úִʵһȡ
ʽĽ˳𽥰ø˳ĵΪףϣ֯Щͼ
޲һ룬˳⡭ⲻСĴ𣿡
ޡšһȻΪԼڱʲôΪʲôҪôεĽ޴ʱ󣿡
ĵ֪ɽֵССϣʱҪҪ͵ʦѧհˡ˭뵽ԼȻ͵ʦǰأ
ֻҪڣǾһʹ
⧲ߣ˳ĵ֪ʲô㣬ҲҪ̸һ¡ס˷תȻҲסеԪһ£ҪС󣬵ȻҲҪԴС㣬ɽ㾡һ뵽顣𣿡
˼У˵ʲôȴٿоѡ
Ѫء
˵Ķ龹ȻѾĩβѪҵļеɺ֮ɫԽԽŨŨ޼Ѿ˫űɫۡ
һбñȴǰ֮ǰδעϸڿʼ͹Գ
ڳ޲ϣֻôǰܹеʹƱȪ׳߰㣬ֻͨ˵泩ƺ˳浽̲ס¶΢ЦĵԪ
Ѱ޵֮ͨĵͨȴϲ顣
Ȼ֪ȻԸؿִ˴󷨡
нǧ߱鲼С
ȻСĴ
ȴҺʹֱ޸мʣӲһַĴ󣬱
һԴԴϵؼȡµӵԪԨ
ͨ
һ׹Ѫ֮УǧҪ˵Ѫصʱ㣬¶ľ֮ɫȻѾˡ
ϸܵˮǧֻСһȫ˲Ϣ֮ͽɡ
Ҳʱѷĥ
ѡ񣬻粻ʹ
ǵӰ׹Ѫеͬһʱ̣еĴһճббһӡ
ǵǧߡ
޵ĵΪһȻ΢΢ƴȴȻһʡ
Ҫһʡ
ޣôãĻҪȥҺܺ棬㻹ŵס𣿡һɳƵЩ˴źɫĶ񣬽Լȫȫβ˺ڰӰ֮УĶϣһʮԵɫͼ
һźƻͼ
ϣֺһֻصġġ·ŵ۾
޾Լңңֻ۾һ˲
Ȼֻ۾سգһ۾
оȴ򶨣Ҳգһ۾µƿĿ⡣
ѾǬסһըĸ
ڿԼǲǱֻܵ۾ˣڶ᲻ᷢԼʱѪͻȻһ
޴ȡǵεʶֱʱͬ˵ʱСƺ𶯣ȻƽĮɽǰԵøģϹħѾȥ꣬ǾȻ븴kԼζ޵δȥ𣿣
ͬΪıǺڶɳƵЦһп֮ˣӲҲ塣Ϊ˴һʼעˣĵֻֿǧħͽĻˣǵİ֪Ϊħ𣿡
ħǣħһעǵĵԭĵԪ飬ƣǵ֮дӴ˳ħһСʹ𣿡ķɳŴϵ˻ɲǿԩٳٳһʶħǺ
ٿЦΪң㣬ǡǽڴ˴ħԴѪطʳҵһУȴҪ˵ˣң
ݶܶȴʵʰιڳÿһŸɽˣߺƱӹҵ㣬ګګתߣҲ˹򶨣˳̾˿
ޣôأλվѪ֮У㵱ΪʹеԺ㽫ڸⷽҲõ񣬴ħѣӹΰ˶֡
޵ЦڼʲôĵЦ
һضĽеӰʯ
ǰ̸ʱλ޳ϵ֣˶ֻĪ֪һʦʦǻֵʱ¶ɫ˵λԸħ䱻Ϊɽϣͽ
ڣֱ̫ӵظǰ
Ըͽ
ħħЩﻹڸɽµòȻĳǣ
ȴ˿ûбŭֻͻȻޣѾܾû˵ô໰ˡʵԼҲ֪ɣڽ˶꣬Ҳĳ̶ֳȵˣ㻹ʲôԸ˵ͻȻȱΪԸΪʵ֡
ѾЩ˻ƣƽطʵȷʵҪɹˣǵײһˡһħ
ûüһͻȻĳֲԤС
ڶ񻺻վһЦ㿴ʲô
һЩӰѺ
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Щٿ
ǵ̽ʱЩȴüҸʵЦݣ󣬽ܹһʱ䡣
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ڶ鼫õؿһָ̧֣һѹ㲻ܿƵعѪǰϥײһ졣
˼£üĿѾŭȴ޷Լϲĸ
ڶָס°ͣٽӲת˼޵ķ򣺡룬һУܻ档㿴ħⲻˣ
Ҫ飬Ϊ֮ǰҲڲͻȻ𣿡ϮڶЦһСӣ֪иŽ񡣡
һ͡
мˣаˣʽ򣬼еĶ˼еĮڶָ°ۣ֪ΪʲôΪ˼ʧȥϣΪԹһСΪ˴ʱ˿̡
ʲôۣ߾ȫ˵ʲô˵ԼļǲǶ֣ЩǲǶǱɱˣһеѵΪԼǰϲޱȡ˿ȴԼһ˲
ȻеһסٶĲţٶʹޣٶҪ˵ĻҲֻܻʽķĩ
һһ
ذ߬õıը˳
ٿʲô
Ļʼڴˣʼӵڸɽµһ𣬾Ѿϣ˵ǼٵģֻжֹѪɺġ
ǧħͽѪУûǿŵһʶħ
ħ˴ʳΪһɲܽɽֵ
Ĵִġ޷һ޷֪֮̽أԶıѵ֮Ҳõ֮
ֻ˵νħܹ飬ڸǵĵط
ֻҪǶ֮Уһ޿ܱϡ
ޱȸʱʦԺһ£ȴδԭһʾȻ
̽븵ʱΣȴ޻Ӧһ°Լĵĺ
ǰѧСУԼԺԤĲСİ취ʼи֣޴ҲˣܲҲ޷Ľﳹը飬һʼҪģǴϴ˴󷨵ĳͣһйþܶ˿һС
ۣۣٿ֣ڿеĳһ˵һŷ
ͬһʱ䣬޵ٴ
㲻ҵԸˡ
ͻȻһѵЦ⡣
ըС塣
ڶЦһѾµͷϣ˶ǰ˼磬ЦһҪ˵ʲô
һȻ


51 
ڱܡ
ⱲӴδܵô
ԭ
ܿ㣬ԼӳȥķпܻȲɷ˵ըˣҪǣѪرĸɽϣ˵ҲѾΨץס롣
ü죬вϱԼ˵ĲƻڣʵԼ֪Լһʲô
Ҳڿ󣬿ԼĵһѾըЩɶС׼ݵظ߸Ծ˦˽ţ
Ȼ쳹˴пķײŤٷ·ƺһ㣬ըѳľ죡
ʯɽһ£еŮҪʯΪһ壬Ϣ;綼̫΢Ҳ̫ױԣǱȻıըע
ɽ˯бѣشԺܳȻضɽҡԴٿлС岻¡
Сôˣʦ㲻˵СʲôҲûѵǰǶʲôĹҲѧ
ĵǶСһ֪֪ʦʦɫ򽥽
С屻ըˣСЦϣСʦּææЬͻȻסȵȣǰҾ˵˵޴αըһңλϻԪ׶δá˵ǰ֧ԮǱȥ֧Ԯ
СʦͷǡҶü
СʦֵͫеӳСĬãЩ飬ȷʵҲˡǱȥ
ɽ˷壬еķͷĬҲеķͷһСЦ壬㳲
ԶһСԨϣͷſյĽ˿λĴѰԼ֪ٵİС񰢻ĺȻըѣǲͻȻһ㣬͵ػͷСķȥ
Щʹ̧ס˰΢۽ǾȻѾһ˳¡
սһ㣬ٴսһ㣬һૡ
ޡ
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СϵЩұɽҡضһΣǽҵĻҲ˦ҷɡ
еĻٿǽϹ١žһ˵ϡ
ʱϴקһҡҡδӻҡҡϣ˯죬ҪͷһСҪȴٿԽµıը
һ㶣СӶ˶˰˷̧֣üʱʲô𣿡
ʱѾĽϣз紵ķɱ⣺Сʦ˵Ҫһȥٶֵģ˿ѾʼըˣȻʲôͻȥ
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ʱҪܾϾʦ˲׵Ѿˡ
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ʱû˵꣬ѾûĲ֮УȻҪٿһ㣬һؽ޴޹Ƿų
߸һüëǲá
ȻвҡȺʦֵģס
رԹһ䣬ȴûжŭ
Ȼ̧һǰ׹µ֮С
ըڼ
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ôҪģ쾡ܶĶҡ
һݣһӳģһѱը
ҷɣǰÿһŷӳȥʱը˴Уʱ˿̣˸дһʱ֮䣬ѪرߵĳǾǷ׷ѾͳԼı
ηСڴҴҵڶӰȻһֻĺ죬һ̧Ҫȥ׽ұϱܵӰ
δʶ˳źڶֵ̧ķȥͫ΢
ͫԭѾմȾ˱ɫ
аɫʢĻź;٣ÿһ磬ҪޱС
һУҲ磬ԼȻͷβǱݣԼĵڡ
ļ˱ҲĿ޺Ѫɫ
ΪʲôҪϣ
ĴڣѵǸԼߵ˴ֶ
ȴһƬججĳУǸΪŮ
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ѾȫȻıɫȴȻ¶һĨ΢Ц
ѪϾȻһ紥ְٿӹٿס˺ڶ˵ߺж΢΢һͣͷźڶķХȥ
㡪Ĺ뵽ģ㣬˭ܶԴ˴ָƣڶ̧֣ħк
ŨħӦʴȻһ˲䣬ƺˣǰѪ룬ʳԪħģ
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һʱ֮䣬Σ
ըȻڴӿն䡣
ܸܵһǿ֮ĩ
ѾгڱܿбըѪ룬ὣۿҪǰ
һŶԷӲٻӳһѱը
ԷĽǲŵ仮һűըװը˸췭ظĿԼʼͿ׼˵λá
Ȼ̧֣һ
ǳϵĽͬһʱƷǲԼըýãҲһɱ
Ȼ̺ŭĽȴٿһ١
ʵʵķ߱޳ģһֻλεһӰʯ˴һжӰʯС
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ڿڶñµϳʱԼϵɵþ
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޵Ѫ˻Ѫ֮ϣŵжֻΪڻ޵һ̡
һסۣ޲˿㣬ۡ
һѪӼ޵۽
ϵıȴɡ
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Ƶ۵СͷջʩʩȻǰ벽̤֮Уƽذǰȥ


52 
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ҪȻɽȶݺύķߣ֮
Ѫ룬Ͻ޾ʶѪɫӼϲ䡣
ڶͫ״˴ȥ䲻ģȴҲòʹ˷ֻӳ顣
ҪߣתȴѾһذϢشıûĿڡ
Ѫ˳ذ׵ֵڶһ֣˱㱻ȷɵһ࣬˽ʯ֮ϣֹסؿȳ˼Ѫ۾ȴȻѩġ

һˣڶ˵иĮȴֹסطЦȻѾ־ţţΪǱˣ
ڶһذףƺһ֪ֱ̧Ҫ֮ǰ˽
һߴӰٿ֣Ӳס˺ڶ˵Ķ
ɽУһҡҡ׹ĽʯϣЩŵӳһѷ˳ƮƮ˺ڶϡ
ը쳹ء
飡


53 
޴ʯıըһȥԼķһըǷΪԸ߳Լ̫ĺڶЧɿشڷ֮Уڱը̳ɢ֮ǰץסӣȥ
һ㽣âӳէ֣ڶüĿѪɢǱȴݾ޺ķ򼱴̶
ޱ޿ɱܣʶǬͳǿ׶Կסĺڹǡ
һ졣
ڹϣжȥ룬䴩͸ǣȴ㹻˴Ʒ
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Щѵط̧ͷȥ
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֪һֱڵ㡣ҲҲС¥ֵֻʦܣҲڿԳһƬˡؿõӰǰһڹͷᵯһ¡
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54 
Сʦֿ˺ܾá
Լ֪ԼȻôܿޣ۾Ѿ׳ңȻôᡣ
֪ԼֹЩǩСЦ塰ƽԼȴԽԽõǾȻ붼Ժڿޡ
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˶ĸɽ֮ǰ࣬޺͸ʱС߳ʱһλͷı뺷ſտյĽ˿ס˵ȥ·
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55 
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ŭԣʮŤȴҲֻСߺƽˡ
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ĿȻΰ̽űߡ
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56 
ڷѩƮҡãʦԺ󣬾ȻƬ̱Ƭѩ
ѩɫȻҰҵǰѾһѩ塣
ѩأɽظʮ˷ȫͬԵøҲΰ˱ѩǵʱ򣬱ǧѣʡ
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ΰһͷɫ۱忪ɽѩȻ±ȥ
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Ψһ˹㱧ŽѾ״ӽڷæһڻʱ׹Ѿյ㡣
˲µ˽۵ײһײ졣
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57 
޸Լĳ棬еĿɿڴ
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58 
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59 
Զĵط˹ķѩƺ˵ʲôʢСҲȲһƯѤëëҲ
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ĥȴȻΪһ٣ԭĲۿϻȥһһĻڡ


60 
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61 
ҪܣȻ˺Զġ
һʱ÷ɵЩѶĳǿ϶ȴһٵ⣬ޣòܲԶɵĵޱã˶顣
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ζ÷Ҫս㣬һȸµĵӣǳǳǳࡣΰһ˵ǳԿɼжôġǳ
޵Ȼе
֮࣬ȻҲһ͵͵˷ڴܿʶһ⣺ȻбȽᣬӦ½޵ʢᡣǷޣμӲƻ𣿡
аѽ˭˵㲻ǽޣΰοȽûֻ޲μӵĹ֮Թȷʵֻн޲λԭʵҲܼ򵥡
ʱЦһȻѾ뵽ԭ
ۣ¶ڴı顣
ȳЦһᣡΪҪһһĴܣûܴùԼҲ룬˼ҵŵ¯ŷߣ޾֪˭ǽһű׷˿
ޣ
ʮȻӹԼЩ÷ɿľĵһʮʱڷسɣȫҲֻ÷ˡ
Ҳѹ½޳÷ңʮʥ÷ҡ
ʥǹ¡
˵ʵ³Ǳΰҵš
СͷǰŷȥԱߵһϣûȣܾһǾֵؿһ۽£ǣ÷϶Ҫ𣿣
ΰЦһΪ⵱ȻͨνѩѾѩ˽ȱһζҡ
ΧȥŷԼڣԭĳɽİɽ
Χ紵ʱ뱻紵ɳɳż뱻棬ȥ֪ܸоһööĽ⡣
һöϱ˽⣬һأ
ƬĿҲͷأ
ֻҪ룬˶÷ѩѧѩ۽ɫѩ壬ڱĥһУֻһУΰ̴Ц⿪ڵһôԼ
÷ѩһѩ壬ĶУ÷ǰǡ÷ѧ֮µЩ뽣÷ҵʷػ÷ѩĽ뽣󡣡
ΰ̵Ȼ䣬ȴȻȻĳֺĻж
ΪԽΪأҲӴɽǺεֱʣεػ
ɲǼ䣬ֵֻ֦ڣ·ںӦΰ̵仰ͬȴЩµĽڿݺύɢ䣬ټ뽣˵ҲشЦ
Щ㲻ɣЩӰ涷·Ӱ̽ģ۳ء
ֵڿ
ҲϸΪʩѹת֮ʱȽ˲Ϣǧ
ƣȻԼֵһѾ£˯ȥ·ֻд˴İ
֮⣬ȴҪңԼֵǿ֮¡
ΰ֣޴ӸղһɲǵĻлѣȻҲ÷ɵɽ󣬸ԺȻ֪Լ
ҪȻҪҵһԵĿյء
Уĳֱȥ
ûʲôУ̾һǿһתת
ΰ˵ָ󣬵Ҳǲ˦ƹҪȥٺǱ߿˵ôҲҪԾౡ֮
˵ж׳׳˶޴Ŀͼ׼ȥ
֮ǰΰʮֺ֪ػ֮ǰĳ仰ˣޣΪʲôոջܲǮ⣿
ʮֳʵΪñġⲻ𡣡
ΰ̴󾪣ǮͿԣ
ĳץס˫һոðһʡѾˡ
ȻһЦҼﻹб
ΰ̣
һھ˵ǮбҲ
˰뱲ӵĽʦĬĬתͷĮȻ𣬾ȥĵЩѾ˵ˣ
ֻʣ븵ʱ
ͷʸʱǷҪһǰߡ
ͷʱȴԷ֪ʱԼԭģ
֦գȴ⴩ҡ
ɢڸʱī񷢻ϣ̫ȵԾȫ
Ƥףֵİɫ£Եٸ壬ͫɢ̧ۣӭĿʱٿüβ¶һЦݡ
òէһͷȻĪֱ޵ĸо
ѿڶʦҲôػ
ʱüҲ̫ϰߣҲֻܳû˵ʱ򻻻һ¡
Ҳ𣿡ʶֻһԼ֮ǰڸɽİƺҲûʲôɵЩɻ󣺡ʦֻʱ𣿡
ҲǡʱϰĿճͻȻʽģȻϰߡ
û뵽ԭ򣺡
ʱͻȻЦƻ֮ǰķʣҲǣ˴ȷʵˡǾֻͷСʦö࿴ۣο˹ػˡ
ޣ

ɵؿ˸ʱۣ
ֿܿ˶Է۾ϤĴ֮⣬ʱӦɵԼûʳڣҪһ·
޲ɵõ˸ʱһۣǵöԷЦһ
ת뵽
˵Ҳǲܿ
࿴۳ԿֲͺͻһƯĻ˭࿴أ
޿ʼƵͷ
ÿλͷʱ򣬶ʱʵĿ⣬·Ŀץ˸ţԵ͵
ޣ
˼κ̲סˣΪʲôҲڿң
ʱЩȣ㲻ңô֪ڿ㣿
һҿ𣿣
ʱĿ¶ȻȷʵҲҪ㣬Ȼô֪᲻Ŀأ
Ŀࡣ
û뵽ԷȻô͡
еƺѷܾﲻ̫ԡ
벻Ȼ⣬һ··֦ȹ󣬾ȻҵһСƬյأҲȷʵе˳ۡ
Ҳ˲ȣ˿ͷȷλãˡ

ڿӣһЩ󣬽ֲУϸˮٸһ
Ȼؽ⣬µĵȻҲʲôͨ
ڿҪýȻҪ⣬ˮҪ⣬ԼĵԪС
ûнýĵطȻҪɷ
ôڿӵĹĳ̶ֳ˵ͺǷڱĥ顣
޿ǰһȥ
Ƭ̺˻ԥƬ̣תͷʱʦ֣˵һ᲻һȥֵըˣ


62 
ʱЩȻؿޣǲγԣĵѵΪԼһʱˣȻȻմȾԼϵĲԸ
ʱڿʱ򣬿ûйô־û
ȴת뵽ıһը˸ı١
ʱ
ŶԣûôĿΪĳ̶ֳϣȷʵСʦãʱֿ֪ܵ죬ġɾ֮⣬ȷʵҲûʲô춯صĴ¡
ܵ˵Ӧóϣˡ
óס
겻ɵΪԼһͷЩۣ֡СʦĳϢˡĪο
΢΢̧޷ࣺ㾡ը˷Ҳʦ忸š㿴ºܶӣҲ¶ôһ
ޣ
ȻҲʵʦô˵ʦû
ʱô˵ˣԥԥתͷ¿ǰٴ֡
ʱȴͻȻȷҪѡ𣿡
ĹһȦԽǺ⣬ЩĪʲô𣿡
ҲûвãֻһֻһĲҪٹ䡢ѡѡط𣿡ʱʵ
ҡͷƶ
ʱ΢΢ü˵
ûǰɿؿ˾һϣؿĪ֮ͣ£һƵϲãԼûʶǡ
ܷ֣ûʲôⷢбľ飬׾ڳһ㹻ӡ
СѾ˺һˣŽȥʱ΢֪ԼҪﰲ仧Եú֦չ
¶ҪԼһɡ
һַС磬һְڷűԼڳĺϣȵؽУһ㲦ȾȣС粻ҡˣȥԶһĵطˮһһͬ˷ˮȥ
ظκڿڱȡ
Сǰ˿ЩοؿԼСٽ˫ֶϸϸϡ
еԪȵӿ
Ԩ⣬ЩȻȻմȾһЩ
ԲŮۣĸ֪ԪȵذסǰС硣
Сǿʼ֦Ҷչֱû֮µҲʼԽԽ׳
Сۿɼߣ𽥱磬Ŭչ֫壬˺ߵľ۸ߵ͵Ĳٸһ㣬ָһ㣬Ȼʳң
޵ʶͣԼĶˣ˷ȥԲĿ֮֮ڣȻԼߵһȻԼҪٸ߳һ֮⣬ǵڶߵˣ
е㲻ŬٳӣȴҲȷʵѾˡ
Ȼ޺
ĵڶߵһߵǿĦ֦࣬Ҷǵش˸к
۾һҲԼǲˣô쵹ȥ
ȻѾԼеĵԪѾ׺ľ
ԼֳԼһ޶뽣ٿЩ뽣Ƭޱߵ֮УͬΪ˴˷Ҵһ֡
ɢĽѺõķ˲䣬Ȼǻӭ˲ͬУһϵ䡣
޲ɵüĿ䣬գգۣ΢΢ͷͻȻſ˸ʱбĳϵӰ
ʶ㶡
ﲻ̫ԡ
һ̣ڷӦղֻͣĳһ֦ϣ㱻⾪ţʱƾʲôϣ
ѵҲڣ
Щɵؿʱʦ֣Ϊʲôܿǿϣ˵ÿн⣬֮˱㲻״𣿡
ʱףǰ
㶣ĵᵽʲô
ġۣʵ
ʱüЦЦԣҵ
գգۣգգۣЩ˳Ÿʱǿӣ˳һ֦ͦɺ޷϶Լһϡ
֦ҶĽֹֻһ󣬴Ŀ֮֮ϵڵλãܶǱĲ״̬һԡ÷ѩɫ⡣
ȻʱǿǴ˷һߵǿ
ޣ
ʮֺ֪Լͣʱ򣬸ʱͻ⡣
ʱʵеĪֱڡ
޸Цһɡ
ʱ֪ʲôĿҲ˳޵Ųͣ֯ĵطβǰɡ
ԭʦ޸ɰͰ͵ѹֿʮϤӣҲҲĥڵѩʱҲ࣬Ԩ⡭ԨҲ·
ǰҲĥһʱջĿ⣬䴽һЦʮ꣬͵ܳġ
޿˿ͻȻԼֵòҲûʲôֵýˡ
׻һ˿ϣԥʵڵһעԪ֮󣬻𣿡
ȻᡣʱЦԽⱥԽ׳ԽߴûҲа񵥣Ҫȥ𣿡
ޣ
÷ɣˣ
ҲոԶֺԼ׳䣬к̡
תһȦҵ޺͸ʱʱ򣬸պôӡʮꡱǶʼʱĻ

ɶϲõĻ磬ûȼ˫ˣ
ĴˣҲϰˡ
ȻȭٴθԼȻԼȻǸʵڻǲһҪ佾꣬ٽ
Ȼ񣬵ȻҲҪȥġ
ɺϣּ䣬ȴҲʱ͵һǰ
Ȼ顾ֱ֣˵
úʱǡֵֿĻ
вȻʦĻɵЩľսܿ뵽˸ʱǿɵ˿ĵԼôҲǵһأ
롢Ҳô۶԰ɣ
ȻͿ֣ΡΡͣ˵ڶλá
һλϣдš֡
˭֪˭

ޣ
һʦ֣޲תͷΪʲô֣ҵ֣
ֺܿ뵽֮ǰۣ֮ͬǰǼѵҲǴʦ㣿
ʱգգۣ˵͵ģһҹˢԺҾܻȥˣȻ֪ҵ֡ЩеңеĲǡ
һҹˢܻ꣬ȥ
ľȻת
Уãˡ
ʣʣô࣡
˶ţȻҲ⡣
һЩɿӿ޶С
ô˭֪˭𣡣Ըһʳ÷Ǯͣ
־ȻóһٷǮ˺ˬԵԸһʵںЩ˭
ޣ
ǣǽô𣡣һ⣿һʳ÷
ĸˣѾĸˣ÷ܹôԼվĻѵҪԼֳװռǵ𣡣
⣡ҵĽȼˣ
ȽᣡҵȲˣҵĽ
ޣ
ҲأĲأ


63 
ճѩۣ֮ʮƱյµʱ伸˲ϢȷʵȽỹвʱ䡣
ĥˣֺˣʣµȻʵս顣
ΰһƣȴ˷ܵԼǱͨ徧ӨĽϣ߶߶Щƽʱ۸ڶ֪ҵĳǣΪ޵׳ٶźٺԪˬˬ
޲ԹɫСʵûΪʦɣ
ΰе㲻Ȼƿߣʦ÷ɻǺ绽úܿģ˭ܰôأ
ֺܿüɫˣܲôҪѹեһ˰ɣ
̣ʵʣȴֺԼṴΰ̵ʲô¡
ʦ˵ʱȻ˵˵ʱԼǲ̫Խ
˼⣬ȴЦΰһǱϣǰǰеˣѾɽˣôһĲ۸һֻûʲôҲûʲô˼Сأ
ΰ̺ͶһһԵؿʼȴЩȻؿüĿ续ʦ
ԭȻԽ̬
ѹÿǱӨƯĽһ֣ͬԭĳǶ˵Ǳı塣
ΰ̳˰죬ʵûսݣƾ֣һѽСʱƣٱ죬ΰһ¿޼ˡ
ҪҸġΰɤӣֻҪų÷¹һΪĶܴǰɽŵɽȻСڣǰɽɽ˼ҲȲһʮ죬÷ɵ̨ῪǼ˿ںɽҲȥ̨Ҳȥһҽѡ»ﻢ¡
޶һ仰ᣬҪɴӦȴʱЦһ˵ʦǣôСʦã
ΰ̳ţתһĴȣѽճ̫ܲҾȻҪĽ۳̣ޣųСۣ
󣬲˿ҵ޶ȥĳ󣬷һԿƵĸŻ
ʱ
ΰƵؿʱ·˵𡱡
ͷ۵̧üģһ
ΰ¶óѵı飺ЩʦְٶһʵǺúܡ˵ɣʲô
ʱΰ̵ĻҭƬ̣ż֪ȽĲҪ硣ѹ磬ʦҲұ
ΰ̾еϡ棺ţ˵ʵʮµĽҲҪѷѵСʦñݻŶ
ȻǡȽԼȳģǱ塣ʱҡͷֻһˣʦ͵ǡй˽ߡ
ΰһüëţ÷ɵĵҲݲ۸
÷ɵˡʱʦġ
Ŷ㡣ΰ룬е㲻ģּһ䣺ѹ磬ֻһֽвܱ¶ݣҾʹӦ㡣
ʱͫߵЦ˵㲻мǱɵŽٳء
ΰֹȤضŸʱһáô޾ͽˣȥ̨úһˣƾ̫죬ûֱӷΨˡ
ΰ˲Ϣ㲻Ӱ
Լ֪ʲôʲôҲ֪ۣҷرΰ
ȻһبŲĵ
ʵĲҪʣģҲûǹɵؽ²ĵףֻʲôҲ֪
ۿŮħͷΰ̵ӰʧҲˣһ򣬷ɿޣޱĺޱ㻹𣡣
˵ϺãҲ˵ϲã鸡ɫҵشƳź֪طʦѾˣҲˡ
ЩദҲǶʦһ˽⡣΢˼⣬һֶûҲܲµ¾Ǹʱʵսˡ
³һǵʦʦôʦӸʦʦְӸ˴ʦ㣬ʦ첻ҲӸ˭ɣ
ʱ̧üһۡ
ԲŮڵϣЩ̧ڵһʲôȦȦЩίͰ͵̧ͷղƯʯ˸貵Ĺ
˵ôᣬҲ˵ԼԶ
ߣʱҲֻ˱ϵ˵࣬üһЦҲ˵ءһǵһΪʦСʦóʦʾͷûҪúöѧѧôܡ
޳üվϵһҴ޵ףϧ
ģŤǰһƬѾغһЩ⣺ͻȻˣֻҪѴʦִſ£ʦ־ûˣ
ʱЩȻЦȴŨðǾԡ
һ˲ǵķѾ뽣ײһټһƬĿ硣

÷ѩĶֹѩ
ѩմȾĽˣңѩŨԭϵѩȻҲԽ
ѩɫŨۣԶѩңңֻܼһǳǸõӰȥŻᷢӰӾȻ·ԶֻһңɼĻ÷ѩĴſºѴƬѩ֮ҵ÷ɵĴš
ѩë˴ѩԭУȴһޡ
˪ϣҪ봺ɽͶĵطѩԽȴСˮȪݺЦ
ҷ絽ͷŻ˽ŲٱһѬƻָᣬ繵زϣЩЦȹľƳȣٴһЩɴҲ˵Ρ
š
ֻŮ˵š
˹ţɽǮƣɽ˽
˵ĶҪġ
ǻˣҪסޡ
ޱһΡ
˴˴Ҳûгȥ
Ҳϥʱ÷ҵĻԭѩ֮У̵Ѫ
һΣΣޣӴ˳Уٲѡ
ɢŵڴˣҪʱȴҲֻŮǵĽЦ벻м䣬һãŵȻἰ˴˲һŵŮȴ̲ס΢죬롣
ϻأЦﻶһȪ
һϡСӰһȪֻһԴ棬ؿűĶëѩ
ĺУһһ۰Ͱ͵ؿȪߣҾ￴裬УţҿӰӶаô˭ܵ˰ʲôʱǸͷ
һô̫ĵطȻһλͷɮˡ
ɮʤѩȱĴϣȻһλɮٶԶЩ˽⣬һ֪ڵλס֣ҲǾֱ
Ȼǰһλλסִʦͬһ֣ͬʦֵҲδ֪
ĺп򹢾Ҳºͣʦܣʦ㲻飬ңҲӦʵģ֡
һԼƺҲЩݣһˣƶ𣡣
ٵһӣֻҪʦ㲻㻹ǲԡĺĵʦܴ˴κ̫󣬱ʮгȥǿСȣ𣬻ٶء
Ƭֻ̣˻⣺ĺУΪʲôôһҪٴüʮɣҪҪ
ʮֲѷȴҲգȻżݵ΢ЦֻƤѣʦɣҲǵꡣҡ
Ķ˶٣ĬƬ̣ϵЦݲ䣬Ҳ䣬ֻһһƤңӦĲ徻֮Ȼһԭ򡣡
ʦϲ
Ĭã˸ۣԼ˶Ȫ֮Уȥˣֿˡ
ȻЦЦȴôڿޡ
ҴӦġ


64 
ȫһ¡
ÿһÿһʽöԣҪҪΣ⡣ûУֱӳʦԼһ
ܵʱÿÿʽԴգɢԼͱⶼҪ
ΪֻһĿġ
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ڰ˴κ˰벽ն㿪ʱĽʱһţ˵ϡ
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޲⣺ţ
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⻰У൱˵ûԨĸʱ㲻ǽޡ
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ǽٴζײһƬһƬķ뽻ǡ
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·ҵĽõ𣿡ʱüӦ㡣
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65 
÷ѩ·ȻʽȷʵǳͨȴطǳʺѩԭС
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ڵڶڵһĸʱ룬ǵһ
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ȽῪʼ죬㹻ٳһˡ
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ҹĹϡ裬ѩɽ֮Уâȴ㹻·΢ЦĿעŴ˴˿̶һСŮ
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ͷһ۾ϵĵ۰еļϣ׼ȷطֱĸԼĸһЩˡ
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66 
޵峿Ǵһǧ޼϶Ļӽʼġ
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ĥȴҲҪμӱȽĵӣΪΪоӢԿֱӽڶ֣⣬ҲԲμӵһֺѡǲμӣΪԶڶֵʸ
ȻرϿԱӣΪھ£۾һȻǴģֻʤ֣Ǵвһֱ򵽷
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Ȼٶ˵Ļֻ߸ЩȽϴֱġٽǿĽǰԻήͳٶȡ
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67 
÷ѩıȽ̨Ҳʯذ̾͡
Ȼĥ׹ΣȴȻΪʹô࣬ۼܶһЩֲѺ۵·ȥò߲ȴҲһЩصζ
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էһһλЩİŮڱȽ̨ʱʵûʲôо
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ǿǺϵڲյͨӲС
ֱվֱ壬̨ѾĦȭԾԾԵʱͻȻ˷һ
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нãð쵰һʮѵƽؿɶ񣡣

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68 
ɽֵû֡
÷ҽ޵ܼ򵥣䣬Ҫս䣬վ䡣
Աܣ֮ǰɽͶ
ɽڼеսޣ֮ޣ֮ʹ˿ѾԤϵսԼἫǱǱԼЩһһʤɽȻ䡣
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Ҳʲôأɽ޵ûӰ죬ҵѽ
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ȻͳһŴѶղдֽŷϣ֡
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ҲãȻʦֻʲôΪʲôң
˶Ƭ̡
ɽһԼǡǸ˼𣿡
ţʲô˼ʵ
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˿ãͻȻ̧һֻ֣ݺԼһѣȻ˿Լ΢ֱۣ૵ǡ۵ġ۵ôأһսɥżˣȻ·תȻпɰʦҪһţ
ʲôʱֺˣʲôе𣿣


69 
Ƚ̨ߵıղ֪ʱɢ˿
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ˣ˾Ȼûɢ
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ܳһʱ䣬СӶҪؿʯˮȥ
Է˵Լǿɰʦã޵鲻ɵҲá
ɽԼ˵ľŲƬл㱵Ҫ±Ƚ̨ˣûסػͷһ飺ʦҪһ¯ı
ͣ񡣡ʦֲҪЦɡ
ɽƻõһŲ±Ƚ̨Ȼʲô͵ػͷҡˣ˼¼ʦӮ
ȻѾԼ֮ǰĵ˵Ѫ޾һĻ
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ԾԾԣȴһƽʱʵڽ˵յͻȻȺＷ˳λõһԾ˱Ƚ̨һ֡
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յӵȻν󣬱Ǿѿڶ
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ҰǳϢˣȽӮˣ˱˵Ľأ˲ֹһѣǧѽ

˵٣ǧѽһˣ÷Һɽ͵˫һǰİԿƵرüϸҲţ


70 
÷ѩǽޣĥȽ˵׶÷ҶݣеӶܸж˵ʲôʲôʮƽʱ֮ʱǺעذֻ뾡͵
һԵüΪԣ͸˼Ű壬˼λͬŵ붨
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磬ϳǡ鼱ȴڶԷӲ˺仰ȥ
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һģõŮ顣
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Ϊ翴Щð񵥵ʱԽԽãԽԽɫҲԽԽ
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΢΢ۣȥı飬أЦһѾ˾ϣһֱȽʱҪȥһλѾϵҵҪܲҵĽ

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һԵĳλȴǳüŭһģ첲Ӿ֪գС¥ţţƹƨ£ֻ֪ˣôȽ
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һģˣһ˵ΰüЦ˰˵һ䣬Ǹһ䣡
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޲֪Լǧôĺ䶯
֪֮Ԫ׿УԼĵʱ˿ѾƯ·ڴַʾԼŮڳϢˣȫ塭Ŷȫҵϣ
̧ۿԼǰ棬һĸʱ
ͦΣӰ续·ӺҲЩȻԡ
֪ǲĴܾáʦֺеֵֹģ


71 
ʦȷʵеֵֹġ
ϸȥ·Ĳƽʱһ㣬ƽʱӲһЩȻĲԼȴƭˡ
Īò¶ģǰҪ˵ʲôʰ쵵СȴѾųϡ
ĹˣɤӣޱĺޱҿɶǿˣǲһѽѽǿǧѽҲ̫ˣ˭˲˵һأ
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ûýζأų򣺡۲ѽ֣磡
ЦԷǣȴҲûоܾǶææ⣬ĩ˻һ䣺ޱΪʲôҪǶ⽣ѽǮҲôѽ
ȴҲȫ˽ġв֪ݼȷʵѪЩ⣬ǮԽ죬ԽȻҲһֻͨҪ׬ù죬һù࣬Ҳҵǰ㣬ҵΪ
ĵһֱûʲôǮľٶͣ˺һʱˣż
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ʪһ£ƫֻƴǬͳһߺŸ߰Сһ׼ס
һ
ʵЩ۵ĵѾȥһԣȡ֮һɫոµĵ
ֽƬ̣ۿģǰɣҲҪܣҲʦĶܵôҪҴʲô
ʦ㲻ϲණº͵·ģ𣿡
Ȼˣһͷϴأ
ţˡ΢ЦʲôҺϲ

һߺ޺޵ش·Ժ־ûڣͬͬŵСԺȦʶȴͻȻӹʲôٿ̧ͷ
ףҵĴҸոպ񿴵ҵС۹ȥˣ
ȷʵṪϲʦػػ񡣡
ǽֱʶƿѩٴ֮Ȼǻܼ

ۺ콣ۻδʻյķѩȴѾҧ´վ޵Ժ⡣
һٷɿҿһۣȷӦ˷٣ſ첽ǰš
ȻǱ˳ġ
˵ȷʵʲô׵顣ôʱ˿÷ѩ룬ʱûô࣬ŵ˦ˣãҵǸסԺ䡣
ʵҲûԼΪʲôҪҪ˵ʲô
ǵģҪ뿴Ǹޣܡٶݺݵ˵вԶһĻ
һ·ȷ˵ˡ
õţȴȻӦ
ü˼Ƭ̣ɴԼĵȵȿҪġ
ҵȣɽһ飬ӻ˯ѹ۾ŷ־ȻȻ˻
ɲؿƬСԺ䣬ҧҧ𣬾ҪԺڣڣȴⲻ
ǺߡһҪɫƣ
һһ̤СԺǽͷҪʱȴͻȻӲԭء
ȻѾ˺ϵȻҲѾӵĳֶΣյֱ
ڣֱڷڸ
Ҫ


72 
ĲҶ
ղŻֱֻ˿а΢̧̧ţһ׶İĽֱȫ·ĳ־档
飺
ۣÿ£ôֲεĽ⣡ҲֻЩԪӤϣżȻܵĿ־壡
鲻Ҵ⣬ʶԽ࣬ԽǱĽеĺ
ֻ½ŷȥ
ΧҲżе·ǰԼЧûȥȻ˷
οڱǽͷţҲʲôٵ顣
ɫֱ䣬ȣֻ˻ȥӴѶԼֶѷ˸ߣ׻û
ЩֶΣȷʵǿ˳һֵطҲʵδ̫˷ЩοһãһֳܴĶܶˡ
͵͵飬ɾסˣ
ʱܲ˵Լֻ·ѡ
˭·ʱ·Ժǽͷϰ
ؼǣĺ±֪
ʵ֪ˣҲܶʲôѡ
ɶڰĽԼ˵ѾȫµĿ̡
˼취Ȼȴֻܾǽͷһ
ΣҧԼ϶˼
ޣ㵽ȥˣ쵰

˯õǼ䰲ȣδʱ˺ü磬˯ֱۣ
ѩѲڣȡ֮׵ĺɫ۾Ȼڻ½Ȼʱ
ʱزͷ紵ĺڷһ繵ĻȣüҲɫԵñƽոᣬȴҲĪƺЩ
ֻ֮ɫܿ¶һЦݣ쵽ˡ˴գǵԽԶһ㣬ٳǡ
㶣ȻһλظɽĸоȻеʪȶķɳ֮زͬ
ϣʲôط˰ԵĽ
ɵðڽ۱ȥ
ĺɫʣȴ֮ǰ;Զںĳǳϡ
ƳϣǳرѾĲҹǣϦЩϣճЩƽֱʯ·ЩɷܵıߣߣеЩ
ȻѾʿĿȻϳҪ࣬ɫ԰ȴҲǿ˳ۻ֡
ʳǡ
ھ㵸ʱȻԼ˻ʳ֮ǰĸоȻǣ˼̻ĵطȷʵӦĻʳǡ
֪ʱҲ˹ǿŵҡͷβһݺһĿпʳǾǻʳǣжɢŲһֽأ
£޲Ž𣬱ǰվУһλ΢һ·СܶŸʱ˸¡صĴӣѾã·֤ͨҲˣʵˢҲԵġ
˵䣬ѾгŰƥŵܶصصͷͷβû̧ͷʱһۡ
šʱû¶ˣȥɡ
˶ʱ⣬ʹ˸ɫ˱һȥһ
ȴһ˹ڿʵλ꾹ȻȻͷһһ࣬ӣݳȥ
΢ӲҶ࿴ȴо
˭λԸ򣿣
޶˵һ֪ϾҲǸʱһڳͷˡ
ʱظԨʱ򣬱ǸʱٻǮ·Ŵ˪һ·Ҳ˯ʱһͷ
ԼûԼϰߣڴڵĳ衣
ظִֻƷĽ˿̴ľ̨ǧˮ㣬ɵĵ̺ЩħСõͷë֯͵ġ
޺εȼεɨһȦٿʱʱĵѹǮٶȱԼ컹Ȼ뵽˹̬ȣȻЩ˼飬ȴҲѾ뵽ʲô
ôһ·ƥٶȿ쵽ûǮ·ʱȴƺżһ㣬ȻƱ·
ҪʳǣȻ̲飬һպƸ֣Ŷӽǵİո࣬ЩԿλоļһյҲòԺƬ̣ܱС
ʱȴֱͣԽиŴͣһֱسǵͣ¡
ͣʲôˣôʳǣֳìס˸ʱ·ҲĻȴҲ¶ɫֱ˵ƻᣬǵ̲Ҫϸ࣬ٴĹҲҪŶԺ򣬾޲ӵĵ
ʱͻüһЦҲҪŶ𣿡
΢΢üĵǺôĿԼ¶ˣûԱһﶼǶΪ˭
ǼҲĶӳֻ̽۾͵һۣŮŮмЦһĵԼСڳٻ֮ʱҲҪؾŶӣһʲô
ǳúÿЩ𣿺ÿܵʳǵ
λСԼŮɵҲЩ棬һۡ
Ůǲ֪ߵغǻʳ֮£ǶõţΪ˭С㣿
ȴλСȻҹɫеĲȻۣʲôһסԼŮ죺ԣ
ŮĿ¶Ȼûü˵ʲôȴʳǳǽ֮ϣһ·ܶǻλǰֵ֪̿ˣĩ٣Сģʵǲ¡
ʱø˶Էһüţ
ڵ̬ͣѾ˼ǡĩ̲ܽ
ټææ˸ɫȥУУ
УҲΪ̬һȻʱȴȻǸģֻƤ䵭ɢءšһޣô˵ĿУҡڵؽ˻ʳ֮С
λСÿŮϵ֣ﳤȥ˿ݵ鲻һԺмɣУҪκͷ㣡
Ůګګǣȴʵں棺С㣬λǡ
֪һ㣬Ͷһ죬𣿡ȴС֪ı֪ǵˣҼˣ
һֱûֱ˻ʳ֮У̽ͷڸʱһĵطʦ˵ĵطȻڻʳǣǽҹҪȥñ𣿡
˵ʱʱѾָյɣΪʲôǽҹ
żĻʵŶҲǲԡͷܾôʦֲǻڲżʱҲҪӵˡ
ʱͷеӳϸâƯֵԵø縡е£Ȼɫ֮УȴȻֻһ˵Ӱӡ
ͻЦһ¡
ܹҲֻһλʳǳţʱҪôؾŶӣҪôȻǱ롣
ȻȴֻǵһδģٴӴ˾˻ƺ֮ˣֻҪѾսս
ȴҲ֪ȷʵ֮٣ʱʱ˵˵ӽԶΪȴҲǾáˡ
ȷʵżҲżȥȡʡʱ鼫ãƵ
ޡţһͷʦǻбʲôҪ𣿡
ʱȴû˵
ʯذײһ·գƥʵ̫ռطʳǵ·ȴ㹻ƽ̹
ֱͣ˽ֽһԶҲĳ·ǰŴһԾ£ŵЦС
㶣ŷӦڻشԼղŵ⡣
÷ѩ·̫ÿʳǵ˵ƻȴȤʱǰԲϵһֻ֣˽ڣҲҪһ࣬𣿡


73 
ֱǼлݵʱеûӦֱʱ롣
ƽһգݵĿ˱ͼ࣬ٶ࣬ҲѺԸʱŹĿߵŮ÷۵һ˫۸ǼΪ鶯˼֮ϲ
ݵһ鼫ãѵתȦȴٿ˸ʱϣĵ͵һ
ֻҪһΣ;ϴ
ɿ죬ȥʰ᷿õĲ裬İȥӴλС
԰գһݣſ첽ǰȥ
û߽˵Ľ̸
ΪƻҪƯһ𣿡޿һӵ½ͣɵԼЩʱĽ˺۵Ư·ȻôʣĵȴѾúýɨһȦһԼտҲǬ
˵÷ѩ·ãֻʽ̫٣Ǭ
ǣҲǡʱṴЩɢؿĳϣͷȥѡɡ
޲Ҫֶ˶٣ҿܻѡܶ࣬˵ˣԼǮ
ʱҲ˵ãҲ˵á
פ㣬һҪһ𰸣żЦ⣺á
ƯʯСŮȥˣ첽ǰĵúܿ죬ѹȹҪ˳ϵؼ
һϸ΢ȴȻЩ㵵ȥ꣬ȴûпԼֻɿس˵ͷ·𷽲Ĳ
ȻŮ޳ֵӰȻ˵ƻᣬҲû·
ͷǣСǰٵ֪ǰʧԶӭӵһӦڶ᷿ԺλѡãҲ¡
ʱšһͻȻ뵽ʲôȤ飬˹ǣҪǮ˵˴յ·ֻͲ
һ㶣ЩΪѵǲԣֻǽյڿڶ࣬λ˵ⱻҲ±ֻǹ϶ǲλֻ֪һˣδԿ⡣
ʱüǾͶͰɡ
ĵ𺳣ɵÿʼɿǶͣҪ٣ȴԱλӢЦЦɨһ񣺡ôԸ⣿
ᡣ򿪶᷿ţһֶࣺǹӵĲҵ˵ʲôʲôմλĸ֣ǽлݿ˵ҡ
ʱȻ仰ȡõ̧üң̧˶᷿С
ѡ·£˵
ֻҪһۣ֪Լɨ·ʲʺԼʲôʵϣȫҪ̵İܡ
ӴܶˣȻǻʳ֮УŴյЩСȻҲǼ࣬ЩȨ˼Ҳȱ·ʱȴҲҪȶϡ
ĳλɼҵķ˷̲ɴãֱĳλʷҵС㣬һҪ޶ƻ˱û͹뽿
ֻǰŮһ߹ָ޲ϸϳ˵ȹıȶһ£ȷʵпʽӶʺģȻм֡
̣ȻһٶȹתһЦ˵һ֡
Ҫ
ãȻһ˲Ҫ𣿡
΢Цͷ׽촩
ŬԼͷ𺳣ĵװԼҪ¶ûӣɿӦ£ʹ˸ɫ
޵˶᷿ʱ׼մȹѾ׼ˡ
᷿пһˣ޽˸ңŰ񱼵ǰ˵˶Էһٶ·顣
Ժֻصף˵һŶ֡
˵ʲôѾתٻͷһۣһꡱƣ֪ʡֻҪ֪ΪЩ·λӸԸ˳Ҳ͸һݡ
۾
ҡҡͷɨһۣŸʲôȥ·

᷿ܾﳹ׸صĿռ䡣
޻µȹٽ׹ë޵Сãƿ¼ų
ԵһȴȻǡҲڴ˿̴ˡ
Ȼ£ε࣬ɽԶ죬ƣ㸡᷿üĿӢֽ̧ͷϵĺ񷢻ٽͬɫķɨ󣬿֮һأ¶һȴֱۡͷɢͷһ̧ü޵ķ
˵Ŀڰ
ʱǰȻ۵ȴԱʱ鶯ЦݸĵŮߵСѣٿϵĶղƯıʯ۵׵Цӯ
̽ͷ̽ԵشĳСϾȻҲһɫСӣɰˣֻҪ죬ȫɰֻСġ
չɹת˸Ȧޱһÿ𣡡
Цÿ
ҲתȦҿòÿ
ŮСĵע£ʩʩȻתһȦ
ȹڷתһƯԲٴϸܵ壬´ڸʱһСƬ
һһתһȦԺ󣬶뵽ʲô뿴һĸʱ
ʱ
ٺ١ЦСתȦ
ʱЦ򣺡˸С׾ͳˣ
䣬ȴּҲĿƵؿ
ʱĬƬ̣׻ЩεһȦ
ڷտ෢һͬһȣ걳ֱͦȾ֯ճխӣԵÿͦΣȥֻȱֱûһ˫СȵĺڳѥУ˷·һʵ
ĿڿƬ̺͵תĿ⣬ƻĿ⣬ֿ˺üۡ
һٶ·˻·ʱѾ׼ϣҲ㣬ֱȫӽǬҪǮʱر˵һ䣺Ҳҵϡ
Цݲãλǵһݰɣ֪Ҽҵÿ˽ʱֻͲ
Щ㵵سĬƬ̡
Ĵ˷ɨ£ѾյһС룬ڵʱλѡ·ŮҲõƵ˵ǡ
ɻ󲻽⣬ԼСڻʳгǵһ˵飬ˣҪȥԼļλһˡ
Ҳռ˱ˣµҷڣ·ߡ
޵޵֮ˣƬ̣Ѿеնס
ԽǳĬԽܾǰλ￴ʲôֻŬԼϵЦݸϡ
һƭƭ˵Ļá
ֻ˵ֻѡ·Ҳлҷ⡣
ڣõ̫ˡ
²ʲôԽܵ飬µҲƵģһһˣֻĳһƬλԵ͵Ʒ
мһٶȴЦ˵;͵أ
ЦԷǣѾµ뵽ʲôȴҲֻܾڽӹǬʱȻʲôٳһָһꡱĶ
û⵽޵ĶڶƸеЩãȻԷȴѾתʩʩȻȥ
ƥƺƵȥµشչеҲ𣿡
һۣ˶ˣʲôͣף
Ÿеڵ죬̧ȡչͫ΢
ԭһƱ
һƱԹߵһٶȹҲ㹻ڽͳȥȹĿ֧
ͻȻףλŮʱָʲô˼
˵֪ˣҲˣЩ飬ظ
ȵȡƱλŮʵǸˣĳ̶ֳϵǺλӺ̧üһЦеҲͣǻݣ˵ʲôʲô
ѹʯ壬ͣһվߡ
վԶĵطһ俴ʵʮ̡ͨ
̫Сƽնǰ̯ڽֱߣȺȻ޷ڽֱߡ
ҲŲæȻÿ궼ôһ⣬ǳؽ̯Ӱ˷ҪСƾȴɾ¥ȥ
̵ζܼ򵥣򵥵ЩɫʱȴҲ·һٲͷ࣬伸Сˡ
ֵͰӦϣ
ƽȷʵܽҲ
֪Ǵ˿̸ʱɸȾ÷ǵĲ΢ͬЩҲԥõĳϣľͷԼ΢ҡ·һ㲻Եġ֨ѽ
һ֨ѽڽ·ϣ໥ײһЩֺ࣬ؽСĽȺǺ«Ǹ̷һ·ʱ΢΢ζǰ̵İһ
ûмôˡ
ſĽֵȺŻʳ֮ߣµŵңңԶĵطǴпеľ֮أ·о˿еĳת
Լֱ̧ԴʲôȴֻǾȥٴͷҨһࡣ
˰ã봽֮䣬ŴѾӿҪȥҨڶףȴһȻ
Ĺأ̻ȻڿգһƬͯ뻶Ц
̻Ὺʼˣ۸ߺټһƬ
нŲܣȻҪʱҵһõλһʢ
Ҳ֪ſŶõЩеǣǷüһһȻ
˭Ҳ벻ֱһ۵̣Ȼܽʢ۵ס
ڹ̻ЩȻ۵״ߡ
Ҳڿǹ̻ˡ
Сʦã˰


74 
һҹá
̻ȾôҹɫѤãǶϣ֯дڴͷø߸裬ҲǵһƬ̾ٿڷ֮һ޶ķ
سֻ࣬һ࣬ȴȻĪԳ˼⣬ֻҹˣҹɫˣˣűɫСĶȻԵüĿ㣬˵ǰüĿӢꡣ
˲֪Ӻζ⣬Ȼʹ˫Ÿʱ˺һڿʵʦڻʳǳ𣿡
ΪͲµˡʱתۿ
ϸü̻ҹɫ𲻶ٵ˵õĸҲУĸǸ𣿡
Ȼ£˭ոʱЦЦȻȻĳַ
Ϊӡ֤޵ĳȻŵĲ룬ͻȻתսȻΪҪȥñʣ
̫ˣȻȻϣ޼ԿĽëͫȻ׵ĺ̶ȴȻܵӳӰӡ
޵Ī
Ҳ˵⾿Ϊʱ̫ΪΪԷĻԤе˽ᷢһЩ顣
Ȼһ̣ʱʩʩȻվһЦһֻ֡
Сʦã轣һá
ڸʱʱѾȻϰߵشȥͨ崿ڵԨԾȻپڽ¡
ڽף޵ҲԨһϹ÷ѩۣԾȻϣʱվٳ˷
µķģʳǲҹȻܽס˴գ룬ȻӦҲ
Ԩ⡭ֻ˵ʱȴԵزЩ֮ϣ޴ʳǵҹա
ֽţ־ú̼һ˷ܵشǶȸʳǵҹɫһ̲סǵĲαװ𣿱硭ҹʲôôû㿴Щ¥Ǻ񡢺Ҫ÷׼ˣ
ʱȻʵѵû𣿡
ޣ
ûôҪҹһӦеأ
ҽ¥ķҪˣ
ʱȻоЩԼ׼Ԩٶٿһǰ㻮ҹգԣƮƮʱЦһȻˣװҲ塣㿴ֻҪԨ⹻죬Щ͸׷ǡ
ޣ
桢𣡣
ԨĿô𣿣
ƿ𣬻ʳ˲СɧңȻԿĹսһżпҲֻԪ̻ʲô»
¥ϵĻǱɫȣûΪͻȻĽһţϾЩÿƻ֮ʱܻ޵ĽŨʱҲټ
죬ųգ׷ǵŵӰ
ľսضű
ʵվúȣԨڵ÷ѩ۵ʱٶȿɱҪһЩЩ¥Ͼ޴ġתָǵıӰǵʼӰΰɲʱ̲ס븵ʱյֻǣøһЩ
ʱȻоˣɫƬ̣ýż˵Ԩ⡣
Ԩûм٣ȴȻббǱӦֱֱǰȥִܵĵطӲΪȻб·Щ¥ļǶ˻
Լоε·ϴͬȴת뵽̻ڻʳϵֻб䣬·ҲòЩ仯
Ԩ⼸ҹΪһ壬ǽϲŵҡվڽͷֻɫڰ쵣½¥ϵķԶλ
¥ʱ޾Ѿо˻ʳǶϵ
˿̼ȻնУָ֪ԽԽԡ
ͶԷʮУһ·֪Ȼ֪󾿾жжֱ仯ȴȷԼѾ̧ȥĳһߣЩ׷ٵķǵΡ
룬ܹܣ޻û޴ĻȥʳǴķ
ԨҲѾһ·ľĶǺٿˣͣ
޴Ԩո˿ȴͻȻоﲻԡ
ǰ˼̻ʵ̫ˡ
ûɿʱ֣ôһȦܣֻЩǽƺ죬ЩƺҹɫҲЩڶĿ
ԺǽƣϵźʯǶ飬˿̣Щ龹Ȼ˳޿ȥߣһ붢
Ȼ˰벽ȴײʲô
վĸʱ
̧һֻŵ֣ס۾ЩߣЦһǲ͵ʲôû𣿡
㶣ֻЩͶϵߺƱʱ仰ҭס˻ȥ
ĵʯ䣬ҲͻȻӦ
ǽߣͷǻʳеǣ
ո˵һһڰ룬ĵǴʦոҲҲܲҹǰɣ
ǹǰ
ҶѾոˣȻ֪λλʲôϵѵûбķ΢
ЩޡЩ޵ߣʲô˴ǰɣ˴ǹǣ֮˲ȫҲҪ֤֮У֪ŶʵɲϹ
ǵĳ˴Цע˵Ĵɲ֮أһΪħǧħΪظɽǶС¥ΪɽΪʳеΰǡ
ڣҹɫ֮Уֵزǵĺǽϣλʵڹ첻µزµڣݺЩ͸޿ߡ
ޣ
˭ҪȥΪʲô
ȡ
ܻü


75 
ǽҹɫżš
ڹǽϵеĲΡΡеڣһֻɫʰ쵵ųٲȻһ˷ģ
Ѿ̫ٵһˣֹֹֹվûסŬѹʦ֣ǡҪҹ𣿡
ֵ飬ô˵ǴأʱǣһҲûѹǹһʮ·زЩǽߣҡޱȵĳȥ
޴ҳȴһʼľн΢ſٵ븵ʱһ̣ЩשߣЩɫӴڿʼΪ˳ΪǶҡȥ·
ޣ»й塣
紵죬߹Ҳ죬µҹЩɽͰ
ޱʱһ·Сܣղ౦ʯĻЩһ˵Ӱ̻𣬻йڵҹʱͻȻͷЩ֨ѽ죬ҲйŮæµһ죬ոҪ£ݶȴͻȻһƬҳ
ǹŮȻ̫ᾪŵˣʵڻ
޾ĵս£ʱȻĳطͣ
ָָ£ûоô˴ĽݶЩͬ
޷ǳظЩǽᣬҲһЩǶƽ𣬵õǴ𣿡
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޲ֱڸʱϣԼҲ鷿ݶϵ֤ݡ
һʱͣЦһһ·޵飬һվǾӸµǶ֪ڵĶ֮˭𣿡
޵֮ʳǷָΣ֪޵Ȼ֪ģҼǵáλӯĶӣ
ʱĬƬ̣üĿЩؿⷽڣͻȻЦһȿ㿴棬ȴֺ㿴ʲôĿĻ棬ˡ
ȻûʲôǲĿĻ棬ȻĪелֹ˸ʱŵĺ֡
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ԳûƬǰٿػףֲ̧˿еĳߡ
ЩƬ̺󣬾ͳĳֳ׵Ȼ
пЩĹϣȻǹˣЩ߾ͻȻи⹬ǳǧöʾأ
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Саɡ
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صĽŸֳˣ鲻Խս˸ʱһ㣺
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Ԩէ֣һֱ֮ǰѩ֮ʱҪٿٶȣ˺Хǿһ϶Ĵ֮У
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76 
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ѾҪٸԼʲô׼Ѿ˸ʱĽ鷿ݶ˴Ĺ⣬벻ãʲôʵ
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ûвԨȥץЩʣƽƽǰſָ͵һ
з·ѼķⱻǣͣڻǰЩ±ƵķʻûӦѾǵȴ˹ٱһֻ۰׵СּнһһץסӽǬ
ⳡ棬ˮݵĴͳȻɣֱ޷νӵܲӽ
ʱѾ׼Ȱ˵һƩҪиУҪηơ
һͷͿԽԽĶٲȻѾװ
죬Ҳ̰һץıʶԵ֣ץĲҪҲգ½бק±ƷȫǬȻɿϴڣʮس帵ʱ˵ͷˣ
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޳Լе㱻ٶŵˡ
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ֱΪԨ͸ʱĶ죬ٶȷ·ǡõ޷ץסı߽磬ǵŭԽԽȴƺԶץǡ
Ԩһ·ХѾԿߵģֻо紵ԼգԼͷȻжݵһ뷢ĵԼȸʱ࣬ͷҪԼ˵
ʱҲһ·ж೤
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һ˶л㱵ײϣ˵˴룬ò̫ƽֻʱڱ²
ʱ̣ʱһ˶ס޵ͷֱײش˳ȥ

ǵʢŭȻȻĳֽڡ
ײ֮ǰʱԼû뵽ֳôĶżʱظоǵѾԲ˶Էþͣŵķ϶ǰľģ
ôһ̼Ҳ֪ǿ֣ǵӽԲ꣬Ȼܿ죬Ȼڽ֮࣬ûЦ
µĶ¹ڱǣޱëһԨ˳ĹڰַɳȥԶֱ޵һ˳Ȼ߰ٿ䡣
ȫûϵһޣ
оԼֱӵģʧصĸоΧʶҪ̧ץסյĳͣסԼ׹֮ƣһ̣Ѿһ˫ֱ۽ס
ڰһ˵ϣ֮׹µͣڻС
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ովռٵģʱȻ˼˼Ƭ̣ŵôζסԼë
޾֮ʱЩȻЩֵĽڡ͹ŵһײҵķȻӮҮ
ٻعʱź֪طԼȻڸʱ
ʱȻ΢΢ڵϣΪش⣬Բһɿ֡
һҹѾг΢է֣ʳǲҹգ̻ɢȥȻ߾ͷңң׿ȥʱ򣬺ԼȻҹɫ֮У˷ȹôߣֳ̧Ǵеĳߡ
ȵȣĳߣ
͵صͷԼ֡
ʱע⵽쳣ţ
ԲŮƬԼ֣ЩؾйĵطϸƬ̣ȻתͷʱǴΪʲôϣ
ʱܿ췴Ӧ˼
֮ǰΪ˲칬ʱקµһߡ
ҲЩ㵣̫ôⲢٿЩӵЦȻקһԣ
޿ɫصȼ˸ʱüۣ貵ĽɫԾڵ۵ףƬ̣ͻȻһֻ֡
ʱüȴʶԼִȥ
ǣָ֣һǵϡ
ߵˣһҲ
ְֵָȥȻԸоһĨ΢ķת
޿۾ϣͻҲ¶һ˵Цݣһק


77 
ʱıһԵĴ㵶ٴ졣
˽ֿһҪק
޴󾪣Ե𣿡
ʱĬƬ̣֪קȥĺɣֻ˵֪ǷµĹʲô𣿡
޻ӦּһʮʮٳǧǴһ붼ЩΪԤ˸ҴǣΪϢ䣬Σ˿ܿЩЩ޵۾
꣬ĦȭԾԾԣôֻҪһקЩϵ߾ͻȫѡش˸߿׹£ͻ壬´ͲñܿЩˣ
ʱûϵ⾹Ȼȥһ㣬ɵҭƬ̡

ʱĵƽʱ˵˵ô仰ÿһ俿ףΨһ˵úûԼСʦѧٶǲδ̫һ㣬һֵ顣
ĵʦô˵ˣǰɲǰɲǰɣˣܲͻȻɣɲУ˵ʲô̼̼Լʦֵ׳־
˼Ƭ̣ĳлһ𴳣зһקŶˣ޵۾Ҳˣʳѵдʦֲ𣡡
ʱ
ǣȵȣҲǡ
ٽקߣתܣ߻ʵԶֻҪܵù죬û˿׷ǣ
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ţʱָ΢Ҫ˵ʲôȴһ̾Ϣһ
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ƺֻп˵һˡ
ʱɫ䣬üҵЩﻹڣǵЦҲ̴棬ǷЦմһ˪ĳ⣺ʮˣҵǸӦڴ󳯻˵һ𣿡
ڴɫ
ȴһλһϮ£ĿֻͨҪûȺҵˡ
ʮǰҲӵδ𣬺ʮꡣϢ޿ľ磬ȴϡܵԷľѾԪӤЩˣһϰˣͺѸġȻڴ󳯻ϲ˵󳯻ϣҲû˵Ļᡣ
ȻһλӦͳ֮ԪӤȻ乪ع˵ϣŸʱһʮֹصľ
ſޣǽ߿Իˣȷʵûеڶֻˡ̫ӵ¡˼
ʱӸµؿԶصˣɢɣո˼ȷʵק
ڵ̾һֱ
ҲҲöֵġüۣԣĲ顣
вңʱ΢΢ۡ
һ̾ѾҪϹȥһ꣺½Ź񡣡
˵⻰ҪȻһЩʱĵ׵顣
ȻʱڶݵĳĬȴ·̲סЦܺãòҪٿˡ
԰գָᶯѾµǸߣ
һѽٿ̼ᴩ˴ʳǣټķ
ҹﱻǿжסЩһϦɣڴӰؽǶһʱ֮䣬죬Ůűڹǽ֮УǵתìͷҪȥҾ˸ôǣ
һ죬ڶ±顣
ʱٴָָѾǵ֮ϣ
ȻǸȴƱĳᴩ̰Ӳָܲ
ʱЦʢȻòǱ㲻ֱһϷߣ
һֻ۰׵СȴͻȻָϡ
ʱȻȥޣȴԷûпԼȻ֣ڰлһʲô
ǵйԪӲٴסжȻֱʡ
ܵ˸ʱȻŭĽҲѾתߣٲȻѾ˻ʳǵĳЩҪͷԼľ磬Դǿѹʱİν
ȻĶȴٿסˣЩŰ㿴˷һֱ˵ĻŮ
ЩţȴȣӸʱԷ̸ʱָѾڶˡ
ôʱԽţ㹻ĵǣˡ
ûжôǣȻʧȥ塣
οһλϢ޲ߡ
ԷԪתţһкۼ
ĺۼͻȻճǰµķϡ
ȷԼûпվڸʱԱߵĻԲŮŲ
ȴȻֶ̧׼ԼҲȻĸܵѹȣ
ѹȣڻʳǴԴڹǴ󣬸Ǵɽת
ȷʵǣߣЩ̻ʱߣ鷿ķʱ׽ķظȥɽ÷ѩʱһ·ɽ
ֻҪ㶯ͻ顣޵飬Ԫ飬˵ʱ飬üëҲ飬գҲȷԼԿ
д󾪣ĵķЩĻɼȻһС˶овķȴȥԡ
޽ջ֣㲻Ҵʦ壬ǾԼɡ
ʱЩȻؿޣٿתͷԭıڶĿʱ¶һŻûɢȥЦݡ
һ̣ԭʮ֡ǳ䲻õ飬ȻƱߴ˿ٿƶĳɨȥ
Цǣ޵֣𣿡
ٿЦ
ڴϵɴۣ˱ŻûѹСģȻľ峿̵ʯ·ϣһ̶ˡ


ǸһĻᰡѵҪһ̯ǳˣŽ鷳õʱãǲã
ĵ̾˿ȴȻĪЩۿ΢ȡ
֪Լۿ΢⣬ҿֻжԼȴƵʮǰλǣŭüһЦСꡣ
ܵñڹʱҪһ㣬һͷ˿񱼹˲֪֣ѾԼ֪Լˣŷ˽Ų
̧֮ǰӣĵľֻǵԪ
ڰ񱼵ʱ鶼ˣ˿Ȼͣ£̲ס΢΢ڴڴŴԶ˰ɣӦ׷˰ɣ
ʱ㶣˵ܶ𣿲ܶôẦ׷
ޱߴȻֻǽЩķᴩѣ˿ԣôı£ȻȻƭġ
ʱƬ̣Ц
һΣЦø⡣
ڲ绹ⰻȻĴ̲סɤӴ䣬Ŷ׼ȴڿվƯһʱӲʻлɤӣӴȥЦɤӿôŶˮ𣿡
ʱ鼫ãǣ޽ȥȥһˮʱ˼ͮͮƻЦСôĿС·ȥɡ
ǡڴʱ¶ÿһĻŭĿԲȻǴ˿̻бڣҪԸʱһ꿽ʣС
ƻϴõģЩˮ΢ŴԼƻе㸴ӡ
һƻ󡢱ϾǴʦƤ໻ġĸо
ʳ峿ײ̫ã̻ܿÿÿС̴Ʈ˳
Ȼһ·̶Ѿֲ嶫ʱȻ̫ϤգȻصĳ·ϡ
Ÿʱ߳˺ܳһ·ϡϳƺʱ·ǰƥĻͣվ
һֱĿʱ
֮䵽Ҳȥ۾ñץסŰƻ䣬ļ磬ֱͦıƯ΢һͣĳѥϣĵԭʱʱҪܸϣȳ˲Ŷ
ȴ˶޵֮˵͵ʵסԷ
֮ǰǸĺ˵Ļһ·ѾҪԼĹѪӣԥСڣ̫ӵ£
ʱסŲͷҵһ·Ϊ㲻ˡ
ɢȴ᣺׼ȷ˵ȴףȥʵ˵ǰ̫ӵ¡
΢١
ͻȻʲô
ʱ׷Ҹϵ˦ͺżȻ·ĵĴʱİ԰㣬ƮֻƬ
˵𣿻λλնĻ̫ӣȻǸ
ô¶˭֪ܲأЩǻλ̫ˣ˵ҵʶһ̽Ȼ̽һƬ޵ߣ˵ϵոȴҲմ״ʡ⸵ңδҲ̫죡
Ѿˣ˵ǻ̫һϦˣȴףȥʵˡǻ̫ӻûʮ꣬ҼֱҪȺˣǻ֮
֮ǻ̫ҲǲңССҪȥݣҲҪ
ĻĴָǹֻԼ硰ڵҡһСҲȤ顣
ޱϾ׼͹ڰȺֻһ䣬Ȼȫ
޶˶١
һʱ֮ЩȻ
ǰһֱ룬Լʲôʱ֪µģΪʲôƶִš
ֱڣͻȻ
ԭȻǸʱ
ǸʱģԭǸʱ
ڣлҳ˱վԼǰ·ĳ˳ǣԼ֣Ϊĳʵ
ԭ㡣
ĵ
˵ʱƵᣬȴҲ֪¶ôз̫Ϊ¶ϵĿ⡣
ϧ꣬Ҳ࿴ϷĲ⡣
̫࣬ʱȷʵѾ⣬Ҳ޻ôͬɫ׼Ҫοһ
Ȼ߽ӴʱԷȴȻĳŰľϲʶҲΪʶ±ϲ⡣
޵ԽԽ죬ϵЦҲԽԽʢ
ǾظεĻڴЦѿڶԭ㡣


78 
ȷʵһ顣
ʮǰһϦޱ䣬ֻΪλԺСС;ѾԿɼպ˵ĻʳӡĴ¾Ȼ
κʱκ˼ңһλĺᶼϲ£ȴΨ˸ҡ
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£˼̻𹩷Ҫѭ̻˼Ĺ
Ǳѭ౾ϲλഫȴ޵ȥ
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ļУ빬֮ǷйһЩнףһɲǲֻ֪̫û£һֻ۱һֻ۰ˡ
ֱĳظҵ˼֮ʱǡǡʳǣٿŭСݺٵҵ֮ϲŶͽͷһ̴һ˸ߺ̫ӵ£
ҵͫ΢
һȻ飬Ҳزס
οһ֮̽£Ȼ⹬֮УתĵԪȴǹǴȻѹסˣ
νǺˮ˯壬̤ϵ;˶ɣԸԪҲ˳Ÿľ³ȥ
ҵŭΪ𶯡
һյĻʳǣ߿иɫգƶԴ½˰ӡ˹ǴҲһգɽһһֵıϴ
һյĴڶѾĨȥ˼䣬Ȼǵõ޲
һϦ֮䣬λٸǸǵƯС꣬ƴǰʮĴһһɢȥΡ
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ˣǱ״˼Ĩȥ˺ۼ
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ϣûʲôܱȹ˸Ҫ
԰˵Ϊ˹ˣʱҲն
ڼȻţ֮ȻǷ֪飬תתȻӦֽگ顣
Щ֪Ҫһʱǵݡ
Ϊݣ
ʱΪʲôҪ˵ԭ㡱ȴҲΪûĿ¶ͬãŮЦҲ̲סﴽʲôԭң
ûʲô˵ģ޿۾һֱ룬ΪʲôôƶֻҪݣͿ֪Զظ֮ǰĳֿԺļ䡣˵ҲΪСʱ˵ݡ
ΪʱݣżǱĬĳƶļ䡣
ͣͶ·ȴӲҪһ·ȥߵʱ򣬲վ֮£Ϊƶһһȥ
ݵԴǸʱ
ȥʱһˣȻҲǸʱ
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ͻȻڵСʱϲҵϧǰͲ̯ˡǸʱʵĶ
Խ͵ܳԵʱ򣬾;Խ㡣
ɢЦԽԽŨĿĳѾĵطԱߵİǽϡ
ʱǽߣÿʱ򣬶˽šȻҲһ˸ߡ
˵飬ȴÿһ䶼ˣȥˡ
ĩˣ׻ЩǣȻǡûϵ𣿡
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һֺݵļ˼ȡ
֪Եδ֪ںηεأȴֻ̽ʱһˣҹʱһˣԲʱҲһˡ
ǰ֮ʱͻȻֶһˡ
־ͷͦεϢ΢Ѿ𵤴Բ

ƥµµ̤ʯ壬ۻʳ
ʳ֮ڣ֮Уڿʲô
޴ˮϣӰ뻭档
Ůɫ³һ࣬˿ҲȹǽߣƿĹţҲ߹Ѱİ
еĻһѾյ˵ĹٵϣӰʻ֮⣬һƬյ
ڽϸһеģȻǴλλѾڻλʮԨۡ
ıλʮĻʵۿƲɫãʱݵĶӣԨȻҲһõݣֻ˵Ѫմ˼乩̫ãǧݹ۸ȫ廭񣬾ȻʣӢˬ
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˭ǿһĻ¶пԨ۱ĽϣҲһλףԸԼ谮Ĵӣۿ΢ɬȰο
ϸȥ۾ܿԨ۵οилһص
Ѿôˡտյ̴ŮѱˣԨȴͻȻп֪Ϊҡ
ºٹһϸϸӰͻȻӽĳͶµĺӰУȻ˳
ǵӰ߰ѵ˽һӰŴӰ
־ǧαؽ黳һ㰮ޡӰЦο۵޲ޣԺ󶼶ȻҪ޵ġʱ򣬺޶ˣͲط嵽ЩޣԴδˡ
ǵӰŴڵĶ񣬲ǼΪ⣬ڶĳһŷ·ȼջͼ
ͼϣһֻŵ۾
Ԩԣ̧üǰˡ
ڸɽʮıѾʧܡԨ۵ϲŭѲ⣬Ӹ£ȻûΪԷ޵ߣԼֻǷ˶κǫ
ָڽķϣһѹȸе죺ûǴĻɽ·ӡģħࣿҵҲܺ棬ûħ񣬻ܸ𣿡
ȥħ񣬲ãأΨħǵڶӰṪޱȵ˵仰ٵɽµûȡҲ֫ͷ壬οﲻǻֳɵ𣿡
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ϵʣţǻ֧գϾպ󣬾ǵڶֱȽˣ鲻ŵʱ޻
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˵
ʱܹûʱ˱رǽͷģ
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֮⣬СЩػŴѶ
˷ϢһһУӵϢԺ󣬾ԶһϢ
ߣҴߡݺݵϻû˸Ļֵǣڽ¯ԱߣĽ¯֪ʲôǼӼ𣡼ӼͣеĻҪĻ
ʲô̫Ҫ˯裬ʮƿҪǲգͰסԼʱ佻˻˯ôõ飿ǮֲɻǴƼ𣿣
ãĲһµĽñǩ鼸顣÷ѩ·Զ֮ǰ˵һ·Ǯȫǵأֻ͵Ұ˴ա

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дʣһ¯ֲֻһ¯ӣ㣬깤
ֿңԶ÷ѩķ˴֣׳ɽ㰡ĵһγ࣬ɲĺȡǧʹش

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Կǻʱʱһһľʹ
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ʱһߣŶ۵ĵطϧָһǵСһҽС
СȻҪϵһ˸״ߣȴ˻ȥ
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һ˵ǬȻʱͳôɺС
Ȼ󣬾Ȼ˻ܸԣһһȥЩ¶յķʣбʼݵʱ
ԭɻѩ˹⡣һ֧ʣϸƬ̣ϳ˱ʵл˻ӣʱһֻѹֱѰû뵽תתǹҡ
һֻŽˡ˳֡
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С⣬ҲһԨɣôôࣿ
ʱǶǰһĻ⣬Ӧֵһ¶ǲԨһĽͲûȤؿˡ⽣ͶëԼ˭뵽һʱһʱ⽣Ȼˡ
գգۣڱǸͷµħҲѾնˣĵҲͨˣҪԨһ㽣ˡԨΪʲôҪǶأ
ǰΪʲôأʱƵҲ֪ԭء
㶣ܾøʱôֵֹġ
ѾãĵһԼغʲôתͷȥ
ǡϸʱߡ
ǴĳЩЦ;Ŀ⣬¶һָڴǰһꡱơ

ȻôթƻҪ
ͫ׵ԽûתʱΪҪֻó˦ȻԼû˵ڵġԸʱŭ
ȴڴͷŮͻȻ
ʣ˺ܶηмζֵĴǸʱʱסۣ¾Ҫ
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Ҳ˵ָоʵеıֶãϾıʣôҲˢӡ
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80 
⽥Ũ÷ѩӭһ֮ӡ
ѩɽѩۣʢ֮ʱԿ弸֮·
ѩȾһƬãİף֦ѹ·𲻿ظ
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벻֪˭ѡ
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ֱᲱϵѩû˴룬ԼüҷβС϶˷ѩ
ܵ⣬̧ҪȥһԼϵѩĿȴͻȻԼѾҰ׵ĺҡ
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ʦҲˣȥˣһ㷢֡
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ƨ㲻ҪһλɤſѹһɪɪȴȻķѩл첱ӴֵƣǴӴɽģǴӻģˣ㻹Һ˵ȵ
һáһðΪһŴ磺ԲôôˣǶͽҵ֪С˸࣬ȴû뵽ô࣡
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ΰǰⲽĳϣСѵûһܣ
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ÿ˶źƱʯУһΪʮҹϹͣ¸ǹŨŨĺȦȴĳ߶ı顣
ͷСѧͽ̽ͷ̽Եؿٿʢ͵ͷ૵ԭʦҲôػӴͽһΪһҲֻܴѽأû뵽ֻҪ룬һ쾹Ȼܳ¯
㻹С㲻ġһλʦϴûʲôܡϾĸ̫ˡ
ǧĽռ÷ǰĹٵԽԽĵѶſ̽ͷ̽ԣ˷ܡ
ذ׷ɫѩ֡
һҷɫڻѩƿն


81 
ſǳµԭƷ죬ڽϣԶЩȿֺҪ¶һЩЦԷǣ˸ʱ٩
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УһλƸոձ˽ϻȴ껰䣬ǽѾԼƿϻŹɽķ򼱳ȥС
ЦһһһģµľȻһƣٽһףһ㣬Ѿ𣬺Хǰ塣
һֽɫִ¾ֽ̧̾üȥȴ꣬üȴҲ鲻ԽһĨЦ⡣
ҲõԼǱϸٽü䣬һַ̧ڽϡ
է֣ת߳һҲһԾ󾳣
ǧǧˣ˴ַǷԶĵط͵Ҳ̲ס̽ͷڿ
ֻȣҲ鲻ԽմԾԾԣָĦĵ֮ȽʱЩ÷ҵӵĽ⻹Ҫһ㣬ź棬ܵ飬ҪԽײԽ档
ȴҲЦһתݽ뿪ֻ÷һȺɵޣȻһˡ
ĳϣλΪŵŮʮҲڿ
ۡһԼĽΪźȻԼŴˡ
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ᣬԶĵطȴһ߸ǹ
ǻȡ衣ǵӴɵĵòƽƽɫΪ߰м͸͵˸ߵǮ˲𰡣
ɬʮʮĬĬֻ⻰֣̲סţǮ˲ʲô㣿
ЦֲǷ֮У磬Ȼ˭Ϊߣսǿȭͷ˭˲𡣡
ʮû˵ֻͷ롣
ǵԷŮֻۣѱԼ˵вɵЩ⣬СЩҲɲҪ˻
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֮󣬾ȻǵֱӴӽƷŵ׹ȥ
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˿Լȭͷٴ˴ȭͷұ˲ҾλСʦ˲ҲþãҾ㡣
⻰ӶУȻѾȥ߼ֻæҪסΣν߼סĵɱ֮ıȽʱ˴ͻȻ͵ϮʱһҪýˣ
ʮ¶˶٣־ԼҪԼһЩΪСʦá̫ʣ룬ƶҺ÷ţˣĶʦã
Ƚڰת˸Ȧֿˣ˸Ƿתȥѩ֮ĳˡ
޿ɽֻǮֵͦãĵԼȥһҪúö衣
һɫȴȻЩ΢
ֻΪЩǵһš̫̫׳ɽӣѡ
ʱͻƽƽ׵һѽڻȥͨ÷ɽ޵еһԱ
ϸȥһµϺ͹ϸܷİ廨Ļ
޳Ĭԥ˰죬СŲȥקһ¸ʱӡ
ʱôˣ
Ǹʦ֣֮ǰˣǽޡŬǣԼĽŵ𣿡


82 
ѩ
ѩ޵Ľëϣգ۵ʱȥ룬ֻüۼһصʪëס
۾׺Ҳһɫëޣͷķ϶׺Щްף̧ͷʱȻñƽʱһ㣬ղһ˴ǧ볤ĳ÷ʱһȻͬãȻ棬ʵѩɰ
ʱƬ̣ɫ΢٣ֺܿ˵еʵأҲˣ붼һףɵĳ̶ֳ˵˺Լıһš֮⣬ҲȷʵбĻ˵֡
ĻȥЩҷɵĽǣĪʶοʦȻҲǽޣҲôԷƱ
ʱţ
˵һ룬ͻȻ˸ʱߣٿһ飬Ӧ˹ҲǸ˼š˵ձ󣬻ƽҲһۣ͡
Խ˵ԽԾʱԽԽ΢޾ĬĬ졣
ܲܶôεĵطϾҪʵ黹ûõһشӲͷƤ¿ڵ֮ʦȻ׵ҲҲҲɵ϶бġܶģ˵ʱ򣬾вͬʦ͵͵˵˾Ҫ޴ʦ˵ģ
ʱʵû뵽˵˵ôණȴַȤˣֻüˣʲô
ʦ޴ȻƬ̣Щȷʵе㲻ǡҲӹ֮߰ʡ
վһʶû˵ֻЩȻʦ͡Ǵʦ˰
ʱЦЩлҳ㣬ʵʦ㶼ˣСʦأ
û뵽ᳶԼɵһ㶣ң
ѽ㡣ʱ֪ʱߡһ˫ͫɫһȴԼģЦЦ̧ߣСʦҪʲôأ
ʱͼöѹЩʱֵ͵ʹ˵ɢЦ⣬һʣ֪ǲ޵ĴȴãԷ˫Ư۾Щ档
ЩЩӱܵƿߣͷ˵֮βǡţȻ֮˻ĻҲ˵ȥˡҵϣҵһݼңǶһǮķʽϿɲҲҪҲֵˣҾǶԷдʦʶ¶еѡ
ʱ˻顱ֵʱͫȴǰ˼һʱ򣬶˵Ц⡣
˵˵ôҪȴΨû˵ԼҪʲô
㻰䵽ߣ־Ҫ
ϾԼ˵ˣʶϣֻһʱ
Ըʱ鼫õЦһҲȷʵ
һ仰ȷʵижȴϸʱȻĺϰɵöŸʱһЦһĵʦҲĻǮֱбȽϿɣҡҲȷʵʦֻеġǫķӦ
⽲ʶҪȥһأת˲ʶԼ֮ǰ⣬ʱû
˵ֱһ㣺ʦôãġûϵҪҪԣʲô취
⣬뵽ԼǰʳĳҪ⣬ɵĵװһóסԼ죬Լʱ˵ʲô˵Ļ
ⲻǻٸ𣿡Խ棬ʱ̲סҪයЦЩĵ룬ҲǸǧĻʵϵ١
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ĿɿڴؿŸʱ·ʶһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪˵û뵽㾹˼Ĵʦ֡ǡǡҲǲٸٲǧٰ߰ѡֻǡʦҰû桱

ƣô˼
ʱ޴ֹӣ̲סЦЦǰϣȻֵ̧һ޼ղ䣺ġŰֻҪһ͹ˡ
ĪһĬĬԼʶ˼Ԩ⣬ĵԨ⣬£㻹Ǵʦֵĺš
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ΪĿһֱϣûпЩƾ˵Ľǡ
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ԱǸ˶ˣӵס˵ڸʲô
Ǹ˭ôô
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ݼҵʱһµģ
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ʶһɫ΢΢šüһǷ飺黹ûҵ
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תͷһԶҪغһ˽Ӱȥ


83 
ٶ࣬ʱҲ㹻꣬ݼſִʱȥʱҲϲ⡣
ΪʹСΪضĸ㣬ҲΪۼǰصĴС̤˵;һɽɵľء
ɽţ޼׷ȥʹҵٵҪ˵ʲôлĻǰͼףȴҵĿⶼˢˢ
УҲתȥ
ȴ÷ŴǰɽХ񻶵ǧӣ֪ʱͣԼж۵ɽ֮ǰ
䶼˵һɽţȻܻЩСɣȻΪʮеһԱ÷Ȼɽޣֵشʱʵں˵㡣
÷Ȼ˪ɣͳ˪򣬰
÷ɵɽʵܴ󣬺̨֮ܿϿȥտƵͣѩƺҲֻɽ֮ıʵ˸ɽţƶΡ롣
ٴɽţҲݲǧӿһ
÷ǧӲ𣬾Ľ˹һµ÷ɽš
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Զ÷ҽ֮ڣгңңɽֳΣҲչ乪
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Ͳ˵硰Сʦô˺磬÷ҽšһĺ׳ˡ
Цˣֱڿ쵽ԼԺᴦԵ徻
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СȥϵůѾıȫ̫óοˣֻھ׵ĵطСGʲô˰˶ѽôûҡҺ㰡
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ޣôĺĺ
ף
Ҳ֪ΪʲôʮˣһѶûյ
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Ҳ֪ԼǾ仰˶Էʲô񾭣û뵽޴Ųһ㣬ؿʱ
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һҲǣʱȷʵܰο˵ӡ
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ͷزȥĿȴ͵ضסˡ
鷳Աߵģ˭


84 
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˭ԽķԽһһεطԷ
ĿϣȻƮϣſ޵־飬üͷšøЩ
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85 
һҹٺϹȻϣȻ𼸺ڻٺ
ѩ۵ķѩУХϣֻΪܱڽʱ˿ȴȻѩ۰˼
һЩѩɽĽУһЩӱոµıӭ𽣣һĽ⡣
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ҪԼĴ⣬ȴҲҪǵЩޡ
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һֺصĽϵ׭ѾЩģˣϸȥ̻ܿĿƹһ֡
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̬Ǻ͵ʱɽʱһĪе˼죬ȴֺܿ쵽˲ԡ
ʱٱ׶ǹԼֵģ;ѣһȥȻ֮ܿκһ
Ҳˣ׵ǣĸ֪ûгĻİѽǲǶ٣е覴ã
ʱע⵽ߣȴҲֻͣ׳һƽԼһҡ²ƽǶôΥͣô
Ȼ˱ʣҲѩʱ͵͵һԨҲͰˣʱãһ𽣾ͻᱻϳ
׳ǳɫľ±ʸٿ䳤㹻б棬׷ϸʱӰ
ӸʱƽϷɵ޵ıʼ⣬жԼƽε͵͵յ޽ǰѹޱǲĶƶİɣ
޾úЦˣ̧һָͷϵëëȻϾҸ
⣬ֺ֣֦ܿչվ˱ʼ⣬ŲԶɹѩȳȻͨѩ׵ѩչʾԼɫ
ѩ˸رԶ׼İۣӸ߿ճƲ㣬¡
÷ѩУڿնһҴҸȥ
ȽᱻƳʮյĵڶ֣ʼ

ѩ֮÷ѩӵǿȽ̨
ʯѾµĳ±ýڣȴô˷غһֱȽĵӺԾפȦ㣬ģܼİ١
÷ɵʱ÷ԭգҲԼıǰһ÷֣ഫڴǰİ׷ϸ÷ҵڰ˰ٶʮ÷ˡ
÷ȷʵ׷ԲԣҲ̫ߣЩձƱ鲼һɫĹȣȴ֪ΪΣôϡ
Ϊһ۱ϳȵģ÷ʢǱ÷佣ҲΪ΢ЦɨһУѾ⡣
÷Ҳ˵ֻе÷佣ڵһ¡
ᣬȻŽأǷӵıȽ̨ѾһΪģض˰յλãнԱȽ̨ڶ
ĿȽ̨֮⣬ʩʩȻһӣһСݺõĲ豭棬ն
󣬼λ̤ͨڰգҵ̬ɺ⣬ྐྵӣ˴˯ȥ˵۽ģ˵ֵġ
һλִµǰɤӣȽڶֵϸ
һգսʤʮԶ֡
ڶգʣδڶֵĵΪ飬ٳǩԾ֣һʤʤ߽ձ
գɵڶձȽʤٷ飬ͬٱһֵ֣ĵӡ
˵ǵҳһ䣬ֿλ޺ǣеۣܵĻǣ򲻹սĪɱɱ
ޱһ侪ۣһ
֪ʱߣСʦÿɲҪС仰⻰˼
ûʲô˼
Сȵ°ָָڰյĳϯЦྐྵӵĳλʤѩӣ׳ϣ˼壬ڱȽ̨ɱģǻᱻġ
ޣ
Էӵģʵûϵ
ˡ˲ò˾˵
ĽȺһĿĳλָ˹ȥǸɵͷֽ־Ǹǰ챻ˡ
ޣ
ָûջ˵ĵӾظо˴ͶȥĿ⣬ɤŵң
ЦһզΣ
ӲȻŭһ̣ѾһȽ̨һܣ
ӣʾתߣ޻ӻ֣ôѵɵӡ
ޣ
ǣԼܶô𣿣
ڼ䣬Ŀ̨ӾȻѾ鶼Ϊ硰զΡĶԻռݣһȽ̨ϣһӰٿأűͦšüʱķ


86 
óһαȽӡ
ҲᴩԵոµƻһʸİ񷢹ڣ޲֪ʵĺĮȻ飬ҲӢȺЩŮһ࿴ۡ
ţȽЩɵˣϲѹ𣿡ɽضϷЦôȥ걻ϹԺ󣬽Ｋط󣬷һˣ
㶡
ȥûİԵʱҲٻ֪ܿ顣
ȥͣԵÿ⣬ɫ΢Ȼѹüʱķ
ʱȻܵߣȴǰǲͷޣҪݣ
˵Ҫжݣȴת˲뵽֮ǰĹġԥڱıԵֺݣ
ʱЦ⣬̧޵ͷҾ
ֲ䡣
Ŵ˿̳է¶¶ȣٽḲͷ뷢뿪ˣȴҲһЩۼ
Ǹʱһͷ޺Ƭ̣عʱ򣬸ʱѾȻǱƽٻͷüһЦķȥˡ
ʲôǶȡʲô鶼Ư覵ȴǾԼĪһġ
վϣһ£ĵƽʱôԼôЦ
ı֮ǰ䣬ڽϵָԾطָڷס
ɣǸǹôģһͷĳֶơ
־ʵġ
Ҫ˻ˣҲǰδްˣʲôأѲΪ
Ц
ԾƣԶһо۵׵ȴҧҧ´
ʵ̫˽ˡ
ȻҲԾ׵ָڣͷɿƿĿ⡣
ǲ⣬ޱؿ󣬷ʱ򣬲Ŵ⡣
ȻĿϡ
ӭԲŮ鶯ɰͲųعߵʲô椡
˱죬ǸӣջĿʱȴֲȻһײһ㶣òسЦЦ
͵صһۣɿת
Ҳ֪ǲƽɵøһ㣬Ǹʱʵ̫УǰʱһԵĽѾһӣ˸ƵĽͳˣɵӡ
ӴŭҪٽʱλ׳ѾȻѾˣĻᱻŶ
ǵӲļˣȻ֮ǰĲң׻ǲĵԾ̨ȥ
ڱȽ̨Уչһ飺һ
޵Ŀ档
˵ղſĿ̨𣬱ѾʼȽ˵ʱȱʲôĸо˿̿ǿȱʧڱ
ûа÷ң÷ҡ
ʱ佣ͬʱĽѾȲʢ
΢΢°ͣɣڹն֮±
ʱڽϣ˶٣޸תͷλ׳ϣ׳ϣ˵Ҫնңɱģñ
Ľһͣ
ڳλ׼Ϸΰ̣
ĬĬסԼ۾ĵԲס˸λСҪʼø̬ˣ
Ҳû뵽ʱھ䣬ȴֺܿ뵽ЩģЩЦԷǡ
ͺʱһֻҪƤϣû֪ظλʦָʱȻûȻΪΪ޼ɵ
ްĵһС׿Ǻá
׳ȻƢãҪնʱ
ʱʧһҪ֮ǰ𣿡
׳Ц֮һһ˲Ϣ䣬Ƚ֮ʱ⼤һЩԣܲԴΪݶ׻
ʱ¶һϧˡı飬Ȼ¿ɢаɣɡ
ղŵһţǰĽȻѾĥȥѾȥʸʱֻ뽫ŵѹڽ£
ǸԴˡ
෴ʲôܽ
ŭֶȻȣ𽣱ŵĲ֮ӯ߾
ӯ߾ʽ鶯ƮȻȴɱ䣬Ҷʱɱ֡
ѾϵڣҲòϣһ죬
ڹ÷ҵѾϳǽһźãȻڹ˳ȥ
һ̨֮ѾĽ֣ڣңۿҪȻվǶɢһ䣡
ʱڶˡ
齣ĶȴҲɢǺ̲סһӭһ
ڵʯ䣬ͻȻγǱôƽȻһдƷ
ʱ齣ȴ
ǽЩŤŤĽȴ㹻ֱôʲôȻıòôҪ
춫ⲻɵŽ𣡡ɽһϳ˸ʱĽ⣬Ȼӯ߾ǡ
ɡĸֿ˹ɽɤۣҲû˵Ļᡣ
Ϊһ̣춫ʽѾ׽ضĽ⣬ٱƵöԷΪ˱ܿδĽ
ʱҲûֻֽеǱһߡ
յʱǽٿѣȻΪ޷ظʱŹڱֱĽѿ
ȻҲϳԼϤĽȻ춫ʽôܣ
ȴȻ̸ֻǰһٳһ
ȻǲдƷ⽣ȱڼΪԣһĻڷ·ʲôĲйΪҲ̶á
⽣ƽʱ·߶ʽ
Ȼ˿̣ȻڸʱУעɢǿĽ⣬÷ѩĿϴ
ȻǺ춫
ȻѾ֣˳Ȼǵڶʽ
ɽ纣
ʱģ񽣷տ֮ˣŶһɵĵ̣ȷԼĽԲ٣ԴԲѵ˵Լȫ񽣡
Ȼûмĺ춫
⣬Ϊλ˻ıȽʱƽֱĽ
ѵĻרȥŽ
˾
ģȴ侲
ڹʢӯ߾ѵһʽѾжٲܲãӭ˺춫ڶʽ
뽣δײڰշϸƿģǰȻ⡣
ʱĵڶ飬Ѿڽ֮ʱ󱳵ĵƽ
ƽȻƵöһģϴ˸زˡȻǶͽʱһˡ
ȻֻսֹȴȻӲһ齣ĳصУĿתؿֻٷһ£
˷ӿڡ
̨ϣüͷΰ̣ܳĽ
ΰʼ磺ȻأܲʱĽ;ñҲ˰ɣ
ҭסβŻػ˵ú㵱ʱһ
ҲܰΰɵҰܣǲˣ
ɫ١
ΣǰǾ磬ǽ
޵ľһ㣬һȻ̧ͷĵ⻰ô죬һμʱӽʱ򣬶ԷĻ
ʹ˵ƽȴֻһƽ
Լ֪ǶԷлһĽԼ˿ѾĽնС
ûʲôһ˿ϲ⣬ֱԼѾסһҪٳһػ
ȻʱȴٿɿеĽ
һ̣һȭͷЩ⣬ٿǰ޷Ӧʱһȭϣ
飡
һȻһģһ
ȻʱĵƽҲĽײٴˡ
Ѿûע⵽û飬һײĽˡ
˵Ŀⶼϡ
ʹӱϴһȲܿƵ˳Լζٺ֪طӦǿ¡ԼıѪ
ս
Ƚ̨¶һƬ
н޵ӿˣɵɵ죬ŵ
Ҫ˵ĻҲǲСû˹涨޾ͱýҴȷʵ͸áСڡԱߵ˰һԼѧѧˡλ֣ͣףĶ
ɽŵñȱ˸һЩʶ˸ȭͷͷ˿ԼȭĵԼôûأȭͷһ
ˣЩǼԣδûת
ȭͷðȭͷ
ΰĿ࣬ʶֱȻ֪ΪʲôʱҪôһȭĪ;úǴġ
תĿһԱߵļλϣȴҲȻȻôؾصĽ޴ܣͻȻôʯ쾪һȭֱӰе˯ļλ϶ˡ
Ŀתؿ̨ϣ۾ԽԽвܸˬ޲Լȥһȭ
ȴ죬ŬԼЦֵ̫ԣĵʦֲǴʦֻ֣ҪǴʦֵͷ飬ûġ
ţĿУʱȭԼȭͷƬֿ̣Լһȭñ΢ᣬѪҺ޳ءѽһ
ʧˣӱνϰˣȻ仹һ鼱֮ȭͷʱʮ޹ǲҵİɣ
ˣԼıӣͷĵѪǰͶԷдƺͼЦ˫ۡ
ȴ꾹ȻʮִҺƢس˰֣ٷ·ת˺üһֱ˵˱Ƚ̨ߣʮеһ
ߣʱƽѽȽֹѪˣһһκˣٱȱǡ
ŵؿԼʱĿӶӣЦȴϿңôΣûҩû£Укܶ࣬㹻øʮΰ˴ˣһȽ̨ϵˣǧá


87 
֪ǲĴܾáԷ˵ʮΰ˴Ρʱ򣬺Ƽǿһ
·ڰʾʲô
ϵľʹ˼
ҩȻеģǶҲøʱһҩġ
ˣٿʱǹģҲ׻ˡ
ȻʱϿ֮ҪȽ̨ˣĵװٴҲ޷ȥʲô
ֻܳƿ
Ƥ˲ΣҩҲͺ˴룬ͳһŸɾϵѪղɾֱʱ
ʱһ֣޵ֺƤõʲôۼûˣ

ʲôƤĲ𣿣
̨ѾƲסЩǿȴûסЦ
Цپ˼Ȼֱ׵ǸĪ⣬ʵǡʵǡƤֿ佱̫һһˣ
Ӵ룬ʲôʱôˣ
㣬ⲻǰڲ¥ҹս𣿿ĶˣȻסһֵһᣬֵһᰡ

ơ
ֺ޳ĵǸ죡
ƫƫ渵ʱȻϲЦտ̨ܹ˹֣ǫ
ûۿסԼ۾ĵеԼúãױ¶ԡ
ĬĬ̧ӣסԼİŬԼЦ̫ԣһһļǳ
ʱһȦĿ⵱ȻȻϣˣɵҲ΢΢
ǿԼ侲
ǰҪƽĶ۵ĻȷʵҪǿһЩģٶƽҲѹĽ⡣
һ㣬Ҳʲôǳѵ飬֪ԼڰλãȻ֪ǰλ˭Ͼˣ졣
ҲжԷûеƣڹԷҲȷʵֻʣһƽ
ƽиƴ
֮ͬҲԣǾ顣
ԣֻҪĽ޽ã۹Σһ֣ҲӮ
ȽᣬҪģ˵׻һӮ֡
⣬̨һ⣬¾ٽ
ʱɢЦ⻹δȥӯ߾Ѿǿڹ˸˲ϢѾǰ
һΣʱνˣ̨һƬȴȻ޷𽣣Ǳ㲻
Ųæָָ̧£Ȼֶϣһ·ɵߵڹϣӲڹĽ磬ն
ֺƲ㣬һ·ûϣһ˳ϣ
˰벽˵ϡ
˵һλֻһֻġЩȭͷ
ôһΣӭ΢ָ滹żҵĽ⣡
Ѫһδϱ
ͷתԪ΢סЩɣԷһƶԻǣ
ڵϵƤüɲͺһеȴ̧סԼ۾ŵòȥ
ʹϯûüԼȥһº͵Ѿļϡ
ʱʮֻæڸˣǸŨô㣡
Ƕ˺ˣ۵˵
ǲ
ǲû㿪ô˼
ʱŲʲôֱֻѽҲ̫ˣкû취ֵģû뵽ȻƲһ˵ֵ֡Ƥãʲô󰭵ģ
һѴ򿪸ʱȻԷٶȼ죬ŨȼߣʱȻѾ֡
ȷʵѾû˸տʼֹڻϢʹ
ǺˣµӰȴȻô׾ˡ
ԼѾľˡ
̧ۣʱǹġ
ֻܵͣнǰĸʱ
ȴòƽƽüЦñ֮ǰֿȴ˵أ
һ֪ĳںʱδ㣬ΪǸݡ
û˵꣬ʱѾ
ôľ룬ֲڽϣѾ⳹׵Ľ֣һֻû˵ǱһؽƽѾĲϡ
ţո˵ʲôʱ֮ǰЦ⣬Ӹ¿˵
䣬Ÿʱ۾Ѿʲô
ѹļϣһƬʵʵĿ־壬鲼Լǰ磬ᱻĽٴθѡ
ʵϣѾʲôѡ
һ顣
»İ񷢹ٿһơ
ӣԽԽԽѣڳ俪ڵ棬һࡣ
ͷɢǱִͫһӿҧȴ׻סڹȻû䡣
ʲôˣҧʵ
ƽûн⣬δУʵһ۽ڣĶ۽߰ߣ򦣺£⡭ܺԼƨ£
ŭ
뵽ǰһϵһöʯ
ֱģȻ֪ʲô֮öʯڻǬ
һҹΪԼѾԷǳǵضԴ£֮ú̸һµģȴû뵽ת۾Ѿ˴˵ˣ
Ȼû䣬ʹʱĽѾĲϣԾҲǿԼ
ȻʢʱѾ΢΢ὣƽδеĽسϣ
죬ὣ죬һʱûӦ
ϸոʱٶһѪۡ
Ҳ̲סһ磬㿪
ǲ㡣
ʱһȻûдʹ֣ὣ䣬Ѿȥнֻ򵥵ὣ䡣
ǱƽþȫԪӿȥ
ȻǱȻ׼ȷسϡ
һѪۡ
֮ǰ˵ʲôţʱͷ룺Ľϧ㲻á
ԼѾŭͷԣٶѾ쵽˼£Ȼһϣ
̨һƬɽĬƬ̣СҵĴôоѾʲôȽˣǡʹˮ
ʱȻ޽Ƶشȥ˳֮ѾʮֿƵֽ֣ͣƽȥһߡ
ƽأʹǰƽһһ̨
ʱᶶ˶ϲڵĻңѽֶˣ⻹ô򣿲ˡ
˵ߺűȽ̨ȥ
񰵰ѪѾʹ˼£ʱ˶׻Ƚ̨Զˡ
ӮҪ𣿡ʱͷһۣɢһ䣬á𣿡
ĬãҧֱȽʱұء
ȻĻȴѾû˵Ļᡣ
ߵȽ̨ߵ·⼸УӿƶϢǣͣڱȽ̨Եʱǡǡڽ¾
ԻڷתһȻĻȡ
Ȼ󣬸ʱһЦû̯֣ϧûˣϾѾ𵤣ٲˡ


88 
ȻڵصݲȻϵ˿ڣȴȻȥ½ϵѪգһصİ񷢹ػصͷϣɢǱķ
ʱȥĿ죬𵤾Ҳ죬뿪Ƚ̨ٶҲֿ죬쵽ǿⷽȽ̨֮İϻûü֣Ѿٳˡ
ν˷ȥع
ΰĬĬתͷ֪һӣչٸסԼĵСӣԼҲĵ˵Լѹ磬ֻһֽ
ʱΪǶԷΪޣ׷һЩ󾫵ͻƣ˼һԼԴ̬ȣԼҲӦѧϰѧϰ
ͷ⣿
˶óбⱨ׼ɣ
ÿ󻹸˸ʱƾȻȥҲ÷ȺɵǲŻƾ˰ɣ
ΰ̾Լķ˼ι˹
ͬʱҲʮֺ棬ʱλĵʲôڡ
һЦе׳̾ѽٳһ£ҾҪˣõǺܺáҲ֪ܼʱԼɱԣǸоҵ
һΰ̣㵣С¥ӣܵ÷ҵĵ˽𣿣
Ҳ˽ô飬Ҳ˼Ҷˣȥȥ׳ϺƢȰĪ
һۣ֪
ΰؿ׳ϣǲ֪ʲô
׳Цúƣº͡·˵Ĳʲôԣɰ豭ô轲²ͦǸСѣʧɢʮĶӣһȥԺ棬ˣתҪȥ͵ͨСѽԼ˵һȰĻСԼ֪ѶˣٲԼҪҪǸΪʲôǶ֪ģһ֣һСѣֱСǺȥˡ
ȻСµݣ£һС¥ѽ뿴СѺλ֪ʱı鰡
ΰĿɿڴ
ϧûֳһĻֹϳûһʡ׳ҡҡͷ̬ΪϧȻһΪС
˶٣Ȼֻ֪ССѵ飬λƽСΪˣҾͲö֪ˡ
ΰ̣
ôĺ
һӰԵΰȻȻƫһߣٿʱѾѡ
ܿ죬ֿ˸ʱǳĬƬ̡
ƽСΪˣԶ׼ΪԼСʦó
˴ۣĻǣֻΪ˵ڴ˼һ٣ò˵
ΰĬĬĵЩʦְ
ɵƯ
ʱһ·̨ӿĿⶼĪڴ
ϲλʦ֣˴ڲŷָʱȻһֱûб֣Ҳ޷ΨʦҲûһΨоΰСʲôƾ𣿡
ҿƾƵúѺÿ࣬λʦȴɣǲʲôط
һ⽣޵ֱ仰ʳԼ룬۰ͰͿŸʱָ֮һ
ʱӳʱΧľлع˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˸ССֶѹǴչ㣬ñ
˼ʲôǶʱ¶˻Ȼϲı飬ٸԶǧлʱ
һ̣Ѿ˴÷ҿܣֵĽ
ݣôСˣ˵
ȴַɿ챻ԱߵֹС㣬𱻱ˣţеģ
÷ʽʱһѾ۽̨ϣǲܾܾ˵Լսġ
ûӸղŵĴعѾһԾϣĥȭ˷ޱȵӽ
ʱЦⰻȻػص࣬üôû𣿻𣿡
޼ֱӷ⵽ǣ޲ԭظʱƣ˫ָʱ˸ĴָƣȻ̲סʵİѽòΪ׼İɣ
ʱ˸˵ءı顣
ٴսһ㣬СǸղţЩ˶˵ʲôѽΪʲôôӻԾҪȥȽ
䣬λпܵĵһ轣һֻȭޱȵسŴαԷ˺Ծ̨ߣȴˬлִͽ̣ˣ
䣬ѾҪȽһ˺һ⣬ӱڼ˱Ƚ̨
ͷˮĵȽͱȽôҲҪԼȭ
ȴʵĻᶼûУѾٴӭս
ʱЦúɣʲôƾؾ
ؾ㶣ӦѵǴʦֱʹˣƾƾʲôؾ
ʱû泩ЦѹҵȻô˵˵
˶٣Цݱôֲߴͽ̣Уǻȭһ£·Ϊ޵ľǰԲһԾɽ𵤡
ŵؿʱ룬ԲۺֻȻ˵ó
ȴ޵һȻֻ֣±ȳ˴ĴָǴʦ֡

ǣԣޱǰģ
㲻Ҫôͱᰡ
ʱķӦôǿأ
Ȼ˿̣վһĴʦСʦ֮տڣһһ䣬ҿãȻˣһҹ֮䣬ȫֻʣԼһֻѵСġ
ʵȱȱȻһֱҲȫַҪһ
ʵٶ࿴ģ˵ÿһӹĽкۼÿ࿴һ˵һֻۡ
Ȼ˲š
ոӮʮȭķӱȽ̨ԾȻ£ѾһӰٿվ̨ϣָ޵ķ򣺡ҲҺһս
鲻ûֱӴ޵ݣתһ룬֪ʵޣǷڸԸ⴩ףԶȥɣ
㶡
顣
żʹʱѾҧס´
еʱҲ֮ǰ˺ϵڣΪͣ䲻Ҳ˵ǼãȻҲܱôأš
ûʱԼδһԡ
˭ϵǸ˾Ȼתƾˣ
һûȻתޡ
ҪȽôʱ˿̣ν˾һ㡣
Աô£һҪһҪҴ򡣡СϵˣҴԼԴС𣿺ϵ֮䣬أ
ʱЦЦû˵Ҳƾأ
һ˵ȴ·ܵʲôȻĳ˼Ƭ̣Ҳǲԡ
ʱ
˵ʲôѾʶǷɣʩʩȻǰһ֣»ʸ˴Сļ
ȻǱģȻԱţֻһӱʣٵ롣


89 
ûۼɽһսȻҲûм龡ɽǧġ
ʱǰ̻Ҫһս󣬱ȥһԵһЩ׼ġ
ʦδҲûϵǽͷʮ졣
Ҳ̫Ϊǽͷʮ죬ٶ޵ķ˷ǳ̵֪
׼Ÿʱʱ𽣣ǰĪһĵ׵ģԼ𽣵Ĳȷš
ὣǰеʽٿڣ
˵ܻ齣ҵҪûбҲҵĽһ𽣣ӯ߾䣡
ȻʽڱȽ̨֮ʱõЩѹֵķߣʧȥ塣
ҲнٿĳֽЩҲ˳ӯ߾ʽ䣡
ò˵ӶսһЧ˵ֵʵҪʢһ
ΪɵС㣬ȷʵҲӵһЩ֧ݵʱ
ԵģϾǼ̫ལУܹĴУ׼ȷǸΨһ۵ޡ
ֻ˵˿ѡĳһ㣬ӯ߾תκκν¶пܻһǰ
Ȼ˱ʶڱȽ̨ձʣôʼÿһתµĵȻǷ⡣
ֻ˵Žʮ¶δɢĽ⣬УҲֶ̧ķߡ
ʢķŽѾж
ʡ
ǳıʸڰתһߣȽ̨ϵѾڵķߺƱһʽŽ鷽һеĽҲ飡
ǧѵĽǻһ𣬺ʱٴ뺣Ʋɵ
ȻѿҲϸ΢ֻ޵ƶ
΢٣Ҫ𽣣Ȼ޸ղʶӣӺȴһʽʣ
ǽ佣ǵϢƣٳһ
ȴȻǡ
ֻҪ֧ôٿһ㣬ɡ
ĽδᣬȽ̨תķѾ׽ԭأ
˶סˡ
ֱס̫ϤϤѾ̲סͷƤ飬·𱻻ĳĶ
ûֱ˿̣ź֪ʶ
ȷʵǶ޵ķϤˡ
ϤŵģԵ̺ʹӿĿ־塣
˴ԭأ˶̲סʼ㳷
޲ŲҸҲҺһս𣿡
սս𶯲ķңס˻ô򣡡
ͥŲǰҵ㣬ҲǴ𣿡
͵ۣвȻһˮĻ棬ԼѾˣɵþң
Ϊʲôң޵תʶˣ̧°ֻͣŶҸҲҴ㣿
Զһĵط˻ҵĴûоޱƺղź񣿡
ʱޱ飬ȴԶ׼ã𣿡
һţгһգҲҪȥ̱°ͣ
ŭޣȴԷƲôֻҺܺ棬ΪʲôһҪôңΪǿ̨ϵ˰ɣ㡭ϲ
ǿָ̨ģȻ
ȷʵǱ˵£ȻŮ룬ݵñֱ׵ڹ컯֮£
һʱ֮䣬ͷȻ֮߷֮Ǳ޿˺ա˿ʵ̫⣬޵Ļζȷʵֲһˡ
һַǳ΢˼
ǰδޣһﻰⶼ˶Ͳмȴƫƫ֮ĵģƫƫֱ˵ĮÿʱķӦǲһġ
һӦŴҺ˵ʲôҾǿ㻩ȡ裡˵΢ץʱҪʱ䣬ҿ㡭Ǿϲ⣡ģҾǿб㵹ҵĽ԰
΢һص㿴ѾϵҲûʲôãʣͬǣʲô𣿡
ʶԼһ֮Ϸ硣
˱۾
һ̣Ľٿʼǣֿ񱩵ĳ̶ȣȻڰջµ߿ʼɶ
ԼľԪӲ忪µ
ǾĲ࣡Цһڣֶͨ죬ҲǾѹһϵڵģ
ת΢ϲὣϣҪڽ֮£
һֻԼڱصã
ȻȴȻû˺벽Ǿٱٻһ
һַˣ֮䣬ȴ̫࡭ķ
Щת£ӲĽٴ
֮䣬˲ϢĿԡ
𣿡޿۾ͻȻЦһ
Ī⡱һ
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ʱ¶ĳЦ⣬¾
һֻ̣Լϵķ͵ر֮ǰǿһء
Ȼȴûжôš
ԷϾԲ¾㱸ʱƾҲǶôϡ溱顣
ǷȻǿһЩȻΪϵˣһƵķΧڡ
Ҫ
Ȼ羹Ȼѩ׷ɣȽ̨Ʊķ֣Ƚ̨ϵ˶Լͬͣ˽￴
תսУ˼亱ĴϢȻͣȴԴ޵ƾͷʱĳּ΢ӵ
Բۣƾ𣿣
ոСʦûԲɣûİɣôѾԾףо
ȵȣǶȵȣľ绹ᣡ
˻ˣôûͣҲƾˮ𣿣
һֱҵʮ̽˸ͷҾ˵λСʦÿ϶ֹǣҲֻʱǡ
ʵûҪͣĸ硣
ΪҲȫΪѿȻҲбղŵЩŭģãԼȷʵ˿ƾʱ
ݵʱʵѾԼĵ˵ţȻϵ
ֻ絽ˣΪȴûеӲҪƾȻҲǲԣ޾ûбҪ
ڵȡ
ԼΪһһ
ڼɽȺɽʱоڵ÷ѩۣ֮˳ɽһʱ󾳣һʳǹ븵ʱһ߹֣𵤴ԲԾ֮
Ҫ࿴£Ϳ¡
ûп£ȴѾ㹻ֱٺϵˡ
ƣƣҲơ
Ϊʲôأ
ƽؿ飬Ϣǣһء
ѹ齣ϵķһ㣬ٺһ㡣
ĽԽԽأԽԽҪֶҧ֧š
ܿ죬Ͼͳһ΢Ѻۡ
޵ĿǵѺϣ
Ծԡ


90 
ĽȻ÷ǧ޵ͨĽ
ĽԾŴ¯֮׵λ¬ʦ¯ʱҲ죬ϼ鲼Ҫϸȥ۵Ļ±ȴ˿ڳĴ󲿷˵ĽҪࡣ
˵ľ磬Ҳȴ󲿷÷ŵҪ߳һ硣
ʮƶ޵ķж˵Ľ֣Ҳ۽𣬱ϾѺϵԼĽסҲڳʲôѡ
ɡ޲Ǵһ·оϾԲأ
޵Ŀнǵϣ֣ٲ֣Ҫˡı㵱֪飬ǻ˵ĵġ
ĿҲǵϸ΢ȴӿϡ
΢΢ѾˮȴȻҧš
Լ֣ˡ
ģһȽǰ
̻Ҫ޶Խģôôķ£
Լܼ֣Ǻϵ޾ѾƾԲһղϵ֮
̫ˣһںϵǰ룬ˣȴѾԼĵţ
ˣҲʲô⣬ͷҲˣ
ţＷ֣㡭ҲΪֹ˰ɣҷˣ
޿ɫǹŹ֡
Щ΢кƻЩص
˭˵ҵΪֹˣСˣĽǺý˵õòãһǸˡ
⻰ĪЩ죬ȴȥԼǴ
ȻޣĵĪһȴҪʲô
ֻ˵ʵǱʶѾ֪ˡ
ԸţԸϡ
һ̣ǰӿĽѩһ˲ͣ١
Ƚ̨ϰޱȣԼԼ
ԭһ֮ңֻеķסԲŮȹڣǰ̤һ
ЬȽ̨ʯذ巢΢ײ
һᣬȴ·ϣҲϡ
һϵ
еĽȻѡ
Ȼȴķ˳޲֪ʱ̧֣Щ齣סڰվĬƬ̡
ǰǧʵǹġ޵ȴ˶˼ڹƬƴƴմҲǲ
Ȼޣ뵽ԼǰֻһֽľãȻ
޵ĻǷӦ˰㣬͵ۣ㡭
ʲô
ûи˵ļƻΣǹġȻǹģȻҪžжϽĿܡ
Ȼ˲ŵĿУһ
ֲֻ󣬰ЩУǴͳֹǸзָ
ȴ·ĳϣƿۡ
һ˲߽ʢ
ĽһƬ촷ۣ䣬űߵһСƬ
з紵
ѩԭûֻͣƾʱǵ÷ѩΪĿΪҫۡ
ڣѩ֯űߣٴЩ촷ۣȻһƬһ㡣
ʲôʲôʲôӡ
ֻʣ˿տһƬ
ıˡ
Ůصڵأٿ³һѪ˹ȥ
˷ֵʱ򣬰ĵھʮλдšޡ֣ȴٿһС˰Ӳޡȥ˵ھʮ
Ǹһ·ѹʮŵңɽʱԼ˰ڵʮλļʱϣͣ˵ʮλá
ǡѹڹɽ֮ϡ
÷˵עϣɵ˶Դ˺
˿ʼ˭ļҵӣȥȴȻһ
ΨиɽУСЦļλʦֿ֣һۣ¶һЩֻб˴˲׵Цݡ
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ûбҪģϾʱ۾ʮ꣬С¥ҲѷΨʵûʲôͷ
ȻС¥һλСʦãôȻȻҪġ
ۺʦҲûЦеҡһۺɫӣγһƬϲķۺ죺ϣƿСʦãúܿ
ʦ⼸յǷģȻ¶δȥһϢһҡϣǿɹ̫Ҫ˵Ӧֱӵһ
ʦ֣ʹļ׵ʦ˼УС¥˰һȨģĪΪСʦñϰѾĿˣٶ㣬ȺͷҪˣ
ʦԭﭹɫЩ㬱죬Ҳûնãܿ죬ػһȭͷСʦãҳ壬ʮ£̳ʦֵλãһС¥ģ͵һֱС¥ģ
ܿ챻һʹҽ̧ߣӲĵͼռһ齣ȴĲһѾʣòࡣ
ǵӵȻ֪Ϊ˸ȡ˶Ĵۡ˿̿Ƭɫ޵ıҲȻ˼𺡣
޺ɵĲԸѾˣνծ಻ѹںԼ᲻ӡ
϶ԷɫһЦôλСҲҪұȽ𣿡
ǵɫһ١
ЩǱεشӱȽ̨ȥ
޺ɫתͷϣʤ𣿡
ϣչȷʵǡ
ӵӰһͣȻû뵽ԼȻ˵ͷΪɵøˡ
ɵΪ˳˴룬Ψʣһ̨ϡ
Ϊھ˸ʱһ֮УȻ˺°Ϊս˾ųȻľӮʮȽ˵֡
޲Ȼ뵽ԼǱϵġŰǩĳ̶ֳ˵ȷʵĸ֡
Ͼĺ̡
Ҫộûˡ
Ҳ֪Ҫʲô
ǰкܴʣظϣ벻ظĸǷʲô
ȰͷԺٲ飬ȻԤϣҲѾԸ˵ţһս֮ôǰݡ
üٿһȦܣҪһս𣿡
̨ЩĪļž
Ҳ֪ǲ޵ĴܾԼһɨȥôҷ·ػرߣ
һ˽
ҡҲǲ򣬵Ĳ̫ڶֿͷôҡ
ؼǣҵŻûȿͷأô飬أһʮʦô򣬺ֻ䡣ʲôֻҪڣҡԸû𡣡
ôֱ׵˵ҵﻰ쵰
Բûȥɣ⡢ҲСʦһΰɣ
һݵļž
ͻȻһһĴȣһ׳ʿƣ͵˱Ƚ̨
Թ۵һ䡰Ŷ׳ʿˡߣո©һֳۡһȻ̧֮ǰ
ϣֺдġ֣ϣһ̺ᡣ
ޣ
ң
ŶҲӮģ
ǽԼɪɪĽǣ˿˼κأڨЦŷɿ޵ǿȽ̨иȥ
½͹͹̣Լĳȥˡ
ϿĿɿڴ÷ҽľѾôҪ𣿣
û˻شλеػش⡣
һλ޴յ˵ڶֵһʱس̨±˸˵ƣһԾ¡
ȫűʣһͱȥ˵ֵޣ
ǣ˵˸ոĽǹ
Ƕںʲô쵰


91 
ȱ˵ֵްֻü˺͸ʱһྐྵӡ߿˱ȽС
ɵذùʣŷŽ޵ģȴԷԼ
øжкů޵ϲοĵԼҪޱһӵĹʣ
ʱһĻ۵ףȻ·ĵޣôιظˣ
ţԭԭʳŶǣжĿˮĵΪ˼ллˡ
ʱ䴽֪һƯС룬Сİ۹ʣٵݵǰ
ո°һʵĶĿɿڴ
ЩٻؽӹǸС룬ȴʱɢ޵ĽٿҲҪϸ΢ӾǺܺõĥһСİˣСʦðҷֵһ
ô˵ˣȻеĻнô𣬵ʱĿһᣬ·˵ʲôҪС£ûٶʡ
аõĹʣΪʲôأ
ĬĬԼצϵĹʣתͷŭضһʱݺݵԼ·ҧĲǹʣǸʱˡ
߸ֵ̧һԿǡ

ߣˣͱĹƽϣ
ϾĹûгԵޱĻڹʣ
һ֣ԼȻӣӮӣ
Ƚһʵǲҹġ
һչʵҲܿ죬˱͵֮⣬Ҳôʮ´ڶݵؼλʮŽޣջ˶ԷԼѺõЦݣʮµĶԾֽıĻ졣
ôҲǺúôһģʮ£һվǶҾѾ編Ƶذͽ˵֣ʮַڽϵĻᶼûС
Ƭ̺󣬶޸ʱͶԱྐྵӵģһʮ¡
ǳִǬץһѹӣضԱߣһྣһߵһȺ˰򶼲ҺҴСʦãֵʱҪҪһܣ
޶ЩԾֲ̫мסʮĹáȻ˵Ļ̫ܺϡ
֮ޱȽϺõĿƺԼ沿飬ˬشӦС
ʮļ򣺡ϵ̫ˣǰҾԼܣ־۸㡣ҲϵҲϵû˱Ǹˣ
ޣ
ʱྐྵӵĶ׾ض˶١
ͷƵؿȱԼĲѾʮ˳˳ͷëóŶϲ

ţ׵ǰһ룬˵ϲ֡
ڵӦΪ˵ӦΪ˺ϲߣ
ãȻö㱻ߣһʱ䶼ûлع
֪УྐྵһСȦΧȺȻɢ˵·Ϊʲôλá
ҲܿʮÿһԾ֮𶼺ܴȻһֱڽֽ쵽˲Ŀ
ʮȻȻҲ˹
ȻʶܾˣȻȻùӵΪ۰Ͱ͵Ķ̫ԣ˹ȥ
²Ҹոѧ˺öལֵʱԿܲó
ʮµ˵ͷڵղŵ͵õĽ̫׼ɲҪѧˡ
㶣֮ǰûڽȫûע̨Ϸ飬ȻҲ֪СŮʮ¡
Ⲣʮһ񣺡ָ̡
ʮ¼ྐྵӡ
ȻȻľֹȡλʮŮصǶ˰ףɽӶѾĶ֣ۣҪȥЩϹܣҪ˵̡
֮λʮѵȤ˵䣬Է̬ȸǸһ˵ָ̡˵Ļᡣ
ʮĵ׺֣ܸܿˣϵУ˵ʱ̲סϳ㲻ãѧ̫죬һѧʱ򣬲˴پͺ鷳
ͷһ㶣ʵλʦáˣ
ʮ·˸ۣһѹƤԱߵСضǣʲôģ˵ˣ˭ʦãұҪܶ࣬ʦ㡣

Ų䣬۱֣ʦ㵹Ǻúڡ
ض⻰
ޣ
ƽʱ˵⻰ˣ컹ضǡ
һҪ˵ĻϺˡ
Ȼһ̣ʮ¾ָң㣬Ǳ߱ŽŵǸѵض𣿡
ָλ÷ΨһɺɲɣԷȷʵǺܽ
Ȼ֪Щֻõһ⵽˳
ѩɽе÷ҽڣߣ˶ָԼ
ոΪӮʮ˵Щһһˡ
Ҫǫѷ
ٴθԼ
Ȼʮ˰ʵ÷ȺҪʤʮǶô׵顣
ϾʮУˣڶյļԣбȽϺʱĶδԵһĥ
˷ֱһյ⳹װ£Ӱط뽣һһƬٵҹҲֻʮʤʮ֣лޡʮ¡Լһɽĵӡ
ȽʵͦȤġ
ߵʮڸʱ̾ʱƿޣ˼һʼıܿУʮлأ·Ұĳ˵ЩԭЩıȽȤ
ޱͲģֻǹӿĶ˻ۣʱȻִ֪С÷ɻ׺Ͷѣ˻ǬﶼװЩʲô
ڶյıȽܿȥһһֵıȽɸѡֱ˵ֵʮ֮⣬ܹҲֻɸʮӡ
ٵʱ򣬹͸ˡ
Ƚ̨ȻĿ飬ʮ÷Ϊ飬ÿˣǩսÿȽ̨ʤ
޲ҪϢϾС˿ͺˣ˿ʱûֹɱĿҪ׳ϵģһҪ˵ĻڶֱصĿ飬ϾûˣָʲôļȻҲûٳֹ
г϶ԱȽ̨˼򵥵ϴһЩȽнѪ÷˻̨֣ΧĽһȦӹֱ̣Ƚֱӿʼˡ
޵һ쿰Ƽͨأͻƾһ˵ҪһЩȹ̾ʱġ
ȺϵΪٸϣȻȥ裬ټձͶιôСʳ״̬νá
Լֳĳ̨İ񵥣λ߳Ⱥĵʶʱź֪ط֡
񣬾ΥأԳˡ
ָо͵ʱ֮ǰΪͼƳԨ⽣һӵվСʱ
뵽Լƽʱ̸硰ԱԺҪ㡱˶Сʶ޲ɵĵ̾˿ǰȥ
Сʦáȴʱٿ
޻ͷ
ȴ˸չĶɫͷëըҹɫмΪĿ
Ȼ󣬸ʱһʳָһһĶ
޻գգۣһЦʶ


92 
ղʱû̫壬˿޲ſһΣʮ־ֱ˰֮Уϵ̧һӣЩɢתһš
ǰ˲ܰͬһΣ˸˵ֽһʼһ࣬޲²⣬ҪʵʱսֱΪ˶Ĩ
ĿͣϣɽչСʦû֪ÿȽ֮󶼻һȽ񡣡
֮ǰ˽Ժλʦ˸ľӲҲɱ˵ڶ֣˱󣬵ǰԭʮλڱ޼˵ʮλĽޣ֣ʵǲ⡣
޻Ȼ̲סʵǲǳ˱ȽԺս˱Ƚϵˡʱ˶ԷͿȡԷϰ񡣡
ǵǲᡣɽҡͷϾȽǱȽ½ӮˣҲӦһٹ⡣
ĵ㲻ڡ
û꣬ɽĻһתǿ϶ҪڱȽԱһ彣ˡ
ޣ
ܡܺأ
ļ䣬һѾʮǣֱ׹ĿȽ̨ԱߣѾΪ˷ֺ顣
߰˸˵ֻʶһһֺţעӵģɵļǱ߿ȥǡÿһλɫ΢׵
ɣⲻǵڶһͷһʤ˴λ
ݶһۣλɫȻЩɿƿĿ⡣
ʮ˸֪ʱ˹ɽϣϹʦ֣ԩҲͷĻҪһˡ
ɽҲڿ˸ͬһȽ̨ϵ֣ǲˬءһҾˣôδζҪ
ʮļ򣺡˰ɡ
һԵọ̈̄Щ֪ʶһ£ȵȣʦڰѾʮˣҼǵǰ÷ҵҲֻаλ
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Ƭ̣ٿЦЦһеĲʵԼӹš
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ĽҲǱԸһܱĴۡ
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Ӱѩҷڰײ࣬ɽ˵ԼҪˣȴȻҪһսǳЦݡ
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ʮһЦбԣ
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׻񣬱֣ء
ٽǰȻŮʱΪأһᾡȫСʦõġ


93 
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ĪǱĸоͽĽе졣
Ȼһ̣üЦʦаСʦÿ
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ѾһȴȻûгԣȻȻˬȴҲͬΰ̵Ļ
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׳ȻҲԼĥ飬ӣβŵˣͺá
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ĺв֪ʱվԱߣһտģԵӢƽͣȻҲ֪ΪĵطˣƽҲҪմȾһЩʲôһЩԭ̧ʱü۽ǾȻһЩɫ
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ӼʼϵµӲɼܼ˾ֻʣȡ
ʮ¿ýζ˼ȴͻһƬ̺۾ҵĴСʦǻһɽ𣿡
ʱѾվԼϵĹƤм
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94 
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95 
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Ŀ𽥻ɢսҲĳ·ˮˡ
׳ϵָ˶ϣҪٲҪιȥˡ
ϻû˵Ѿһ̧֣Ǹеĳһؿڣ͵ػָʶ
һʮȻ
ʶԼؿڡ
ֻΪԷ˻ؾһķδ⣬ֻ𣿡
û˵һֻסԼؿڡ
ﲻǱĶһͨʯ
ǰϵʯ
ˮɽ͸ճϢܿѩ֯ɽҫɽɫһƬֱȥ˺ܾã˿۲ŷ֪ѩȾµӰûƶ١
εķȫҪռий٣ɣԼٲ䣬µᱻɲķݻ١
еĹһ簵߲ʶһ仰
ҡ䡣
еٿɿ
ǵڵϵģʪ͸µˮǱعڵϣֳŵأһ߿ԣһߴڴڵغӿڱǵʿ
һʢɫĶͻȻǰ
һ١
޵ЬȽ̨ײһ˹ֱƵǰЬȹڡ
ȻؽԼǰĶᷭ
Էֽ顣
д˵֣־䣬дŶԲٻԼ֮˵ףһ˵ͬġ
ʢƯʯŮۿ
ȻԽλǡǡ˵λá
չЦ
㿴ƫҪ֪ôҺΣ
Ȼ̧ͷ
ɫķ˿ϣղıʯҫ۵Ĺ⣬ȴȲЦġ
ֻԼָ⿪ʼɢĳɫķ⡣
Ҳõˣֽҡ
ĹٻĻȼ˻һǣٽּû
ŮȻöȴ
ͬһˣӴԺ󣬳鳾Ҷˣɡ


96 
ȻǰһĨĺ컯Ϊҽ
Īȥȴȵ¶ȱˣ̽ǰʱ򣬻Ѿ׽Щɫɴٱһ촷۰Ļҡ
Ȼʪ͸ֱ˿̣Ʋŵһθо֮ص÷ѩǶôĺ䡣
ֺ䴩͸ǣ䵽
Щš
ȷʵһΪŬΪĳֲʣΪҪվǰ޷ԣڣڡ
ȷʵˡ
ԺȴЦһΪ
չԽԽҫ̧ۣͷȥʱȴѾӱȽ̨һԾ¡
ٿбǳɫĻϣǷɣڰջһƯĻߣȻ˴ǰδǸߡ
Էƺע⵽ߣߺ󣬲ɫȻס޵ӰٳƵع˹
ʮ̨ض˶ţιǱ㻹Ҫã
ȫûлͷԼûĿţֻû죬Ŀ֮ȻҲ뽫ԼĿַȥ
ʶʱȥ
Լûע⵽ʱѾʶʦҪǸˡ
Ϊ̫Զʱʵû̫޷ŵһЩ緽ǵ֡
΢Ůɫӣʵԣղǵʲô
ʮ긡޿
ʱգգۣѻڵĽëҲմȾеĽɫ룬ʮ긡һ᣿
Цףʮ긡һᡣ
ȷʵһᡣ
ǵԺ޾Լ״ӹȥ˳ȥμЩûĹȥݻٵѾɫѩɽĹǣԺҲ硣
żӰȻѾ޹ϸôκһİˣҲ
ıȽ̨ϣʮѾپٽĿתؿȴҲи˿޷յĻ˵Ļ˾޴ĺ棬Ϣͨĵں֪ǰ˵ĳϵһԲ۲ǰɡ
һǾ޴С
뽣ҲǺƣԽǾҵĽʽԽǺȻķ⣬ԽҪ嫵ĵԪ֧š
ǡɽڡǡʮ긡ÿһ͵ķͿ޵ĵԪ
޴£һųŵ˸ʱǰ˵ղǾ仰ֻüץסӣٺһʦ֡ǰһڡ
ЩȻʶ˭Ľ޵תͷȥʱҰѾʧȥӰӣǸɫྐྵӵӰҲһʧ
˯һһҹ
˸Ρ
μǲɺ
صǣһμƬʱûľ֮飬·ĳصӽһ߼ʵĺ
ɺȻɽɾԼļž
ȴٿһӰЮŽĽ߶䣬ٿ˺У
Ӻӭǵ⣬ɺеһĴţ
ǵݾȻȴͣЪ뷨ݵͣٺٴθӱغ£
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ʱ޷ԼʯൽҪЩʯѾ˸̺ľݽߣȡ֮֮ǰɺԵĵԪ±
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ϤԺᣬϼ⣬Щֲ徿ǳϼϼһʱ֮ҲԼδ죬ɢ䣬ôŶ
Ժн⡣
ϼгֽ裬ĺڷתƯĻȣϼƴգĽȼʱ΢ž
ޣΪ˷ʵáֻߵΪòٵ·ˣϲ䣬ʱ·ǳʡϡ
Դ˿ϼɫ֮ʱǱÿһ·𽣷ɣõɫĹ⽫ŵù־ĵٶһĹ⡣
ʺǶء
ĽȻ⣬ĳֲһ޷ɢƫƫһĹ棬Ƕصġڴʱ˿̱ġ꼻һְ繡
ʱ佣ٲŶԲŮ
ȷʵжȥͷϵķɢ˷٣ȴδƽɢʱģ
ĳϺõĳУкµʱ˺̲סҪһԼָûٴС
ĿתؿԼȻظһЦݣû뵽ʦҲҪ
ȻϾϴûĲͶ񡣡ʱսʱѾ˳ֵһ㶣ֽ̧ӹ˲ͷϵĵһ㺹飬˳˸䣺ֻŬķպ͸Ŭĳɹ
÷ɵĽÿնҪӽһ£޶ˣҲ˲عأҪӽһǧһ
ʱĻЦ˳˵ûȻ˱ȽԺÿӽ£÷ҵĽǶһǲ̫˵ľ
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һ
ǡһѶʱ̧һһۣݸޡ
дʮҲѾ顣
̫³һ˲ԭϼϼôıȽȻȻ˵ڶա
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ЩźûʮµıȽܺܺõ֪֪עɿرʱóһѶˡ
ʲô̽ͷȥ
Ů˳ĺڷĶȻȻشһڸʱϡ
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ҹɫ΢ͷҲ΢ȴȷʵ룬˿ĳУĦƱʱȻȻش˼΢ϸ塣
С¥ʦʦ𣿡ȴѾ˴Ѷϵ֣˹ʼһһű߿߶
ϲຣ˺޷ɣºǧǧ򣬲۾ͻֻҪþãʦ㡣
ɱѰۣһݣдʦֶţҪϵʦ㡣
ͬʦ㣬඾ҩѪͯۡʦ֡
ˣ˸ɵʮ¡ʦ֡
ɵʮµʱҪҩͬϡʦ֡
Ǻ˵ҲǲУġʦ֣
һһЦԷǵضȥһʼΪʦţû뵽ȻΨԼɡ
ֱĿһϡ
СʦðûС
ſ˿ͷ֣һֻƯѾŴѶˡ
ֻɨǡʦҶʫû֣ɵЩãȻǴؿŸʱһûأ
ʱȷʵ޴ഫѶǶǸģȻûǰ򿪹
Ȼ֪ҶʫȻһ˵˵
Ҫۼ⣬ÿ졭
ɫ΢治ɫŴѶظһղŵĻ
ʶڣСʦð
ŸʱɢȴЩΣյĿ⣬֪ס˵ڶ
˻˴ʦ
ѹִʦôػ˴ѶСֽأ
˶˭뱻Ϊأ
Щ飬ŵǴ֮ɢȥȻЩɻʦ㵽дʲôҲǲΪʲôʱҪȥСֽˡ
ʱµؽ֮ǰĻղ˵ˣ
룺Ŭлرҡȥϰ
˵ʱ¿ЦЦȻҲһѾϵԲ
㶡
һֻͷϣȻࡣ
ϲСʦá


97 
һҹû˯ûͣԺ
ȷԼѾϵԲ󣬵Ԫ˼ѭ󣬱ʶҹɫȥ
ҹܳҪ˵ȴҲûô
ѵúǼѣǱɽ߳ѵġ
СĻſڴߣ˻ɽ޻ӽ
ϴһɤӣվָ㽭ɽƷͷ㣬Ƭ̺ŷ߿տյ
Gҵޱأ
ź֪СϣִҲһƬȻǰһҹﲢޡ

ޱأǶ𣡣
޵Ȼûж
ҹʱפѩ֮£̧ͷϿȥ
֪ΪΣҪʵһѩ塣
ģԼı
ҹɫеѩ֮۸ԵóĬҸ߲ʣʹԨХϣѩۣÿһվʱȻ޿ɱػоη֮ġ
Ԩ⵽Ǹʱıʹ֮ãĬȴײ
ʶһٸµıʣǲԨ⡣
ǳɫıˣһ˲ѾХϣ
ҹɫŨȴҲеۡ
ٿһ۽۾ΪԼˣҲ˱ǵͷȻȥȴѾǵӰӡ
Ȼô𣿡૵ٵͷһԼĽһѩĶ־Ҷ
һδ֦ʯһΣû۾ȥȻۡ
ʶӭȴҹɫʶϣ
ҹɫд޵ʶбҲճһһֻѩ۲ܼĻ
ѩȻɽۣǶʱǹɽ
һֽɫѩȫͬĸо
ɽĿϡȴ⣬վտҹɫ֮УȻһˣȴֿժǳ
ذǱĽ£·˯ľޣҪȵճ֮ʱ۾

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ɫѩʱصĲ׳жĸй٣ٻӳһԼҷ⡣
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޸ܵ˼Ƕʱ˿ĳֹ
ΪͻȻԼΪʲôҪҹɫУһѩۡ
ϻĽɫѩ壬ûҹ
ҹķһ˵ķ
ķҪĵѡĵ;
ֻ貲Ͳؽ˭Ĺ⡣
ѩ棬ҹɫŨѩۿҹٺХ£ڱٺߡ
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˶٣̲סʵšô𣿡

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ҲҪԼȥü䣺ֻûȫã롭ȻѩΪʲôѩأ
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ҵϰߡʮµ˵Ѿ˺ü죬ÿһضǲͬģҪһս֮ǰҪ֪˷ص䡭ǷޣҸò࿴οСʦҲһѩۣ֮ȥĥ˽һҹǸԾҲռȻ
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ԶԶԣעһ룡׬⣡
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ʡһһʹգۿԼ֣һź֪ׯ˸į
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ʮ´ЦǾ͸ƾ£ս
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ѩɫůڵչ⣬÷ҵÿ峿ĺˮ뻶Ц
ʮµĽڰײһ죬ֱٿ󳷣ǰȻһббķȥһСء
ˣʮѾȷ޴˿̻ķ֮ǰκһ֣ǰôþȫĹ۲Ҳʧȥ塣
һ̣ͻȻЩףΪ˵뽣ޱȽмѭֻҪ裬а취Щнʽ
޲һ
Զ֪һһʲô
Ҫʲô
ڳɷ֮ǰԼҲ֪
ڵޡ
ȴʮƽרעǳԼյ
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һʼʮ¾ڶԼĽԷػ
ʱԳԼѾԲ׽޵һֻ˵ÿһǡÿĽζִܵǸ㣡

޵̫ŲͥҲ̫дԣʮһʱ֮侹Ȼжϡ
÷ҽޣʮ´սʼͱೡ
ȻЩУδĽ»ܱɫ
ʮٿؽһ
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ñȽ̨һΣͱ˶ϴҲżȻˣո϶ӹôˣ
ôͻȻ䣬ǸоΪ÷ʮ꣬һͭǽڣôܴ򡭡ء
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ͣȴδͣ͡
˵ҪһԼ÷ѩķȻѩ
ѩֱͦҲ֦΢䣬ΪһСȥѩ
磬̤ѩѩѰ
ѩ洺磬ѩԭ
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ʮµת⣬ⷭӿӰ㱬ˣȻȽ̨Ѿķ֣޿ˣ
Σȫƾƶѡ˼νսʮ£ںὣǰϢǣ
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һͷСŮ̧ۣǽڵ
ҲҪһȽһСʦǽʮʦӲƵƾ𣿣Ҳ̫˰ɣԽսʮʦúϵҰˣÿСʦð
ת˲ʶʲôƾײǶϷ֮ʱһ鸡ƼƵҲˣʮʦ˲ƾ᲻ȱݣ
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ᣬһȻӲƵʮƾԱ
޶٣ǽЩͣסôģӰ̫ˣɫȻݰܣȻԶıȽ̨ȥԼ޵һսʱŻȻʶ
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ȴûԷһַʽֽ̬÷ҵķѩС
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Ʋ֪䣬ԼĳЩ뷨̬ȣȻȻһЩ仯
ϸ΢ȴԴڶݺӡ
𵤳ɣĽѾǰȻͬԵøʵӾӸ£ɽ޸ܵԷΨʵʵڵѹ
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Ľһ޹ɿԼǰͣסָѩ
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ϣԭڵǸ֣Ȼϣ˵һλá
ԲŮ˿΢ң̺õķٶѾɢ⣬ֽ̧һƷ𵽶̧ʹЦʮʦãá


98 
÷ҵķȻ
ȴΪһĳЩⰻȻҺ֪ٿŷȷʵѹС꽫漴Ĵ
ʹ÷ѩĴҲຮ죬Ͼл
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ΪѩһҲΪҹвһ
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ȻǳѾˡ
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λ÷ҳϷ·֪Ƕϲɫֻ׳Цתͷϲػػ񡣡
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վǶһϮģ·޶Զڣ¸ɮ˲ܱɮۡ
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ȴλºע⵽ߣ̧ͷº͵سЦЦ¶һſš
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ΪЦĿ⡭źͰУǵڸɽĴУ޿ʱĿ⣬Ҳΰ̵һμʱЦеģ
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һ޸Եķӣҽһ𵴣·ȸԾԼô֮ع
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ĳĬվԭأۣһ۽£ȴṴ
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˵ߣȴҲǵĻ֮Ǿݲмĵط
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ŵŮǰ裬֮Уǿ۾кɴ棬תʮܣٹ֧ĻС
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ħֻһ죬ܷŹԼ
ֱһգҹڣŭУҡ
գֻԼֱǰ˽ɣȻϿš
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ƽںŮֻҪƭԼвĬ䡣
һһҹʱ䣬ſڵһҹҲգ˵ſϣкŲ֪С
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ԭĲѽЦȻ࣬ûϵһһֱġټˣġ
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Ȼվԭأֻǰ촽ڶ˵ĻԼȴһֶ
ŵŮ÷ɵĽޣ
ҽʲôϵŮӦ˽´壬ôйأ
ٿŻһѪ壬ʱʮĶʹӿ˶û
ϣԶǸԼΪŮԶǡ
£ֻԱ˸ڳ뿪
ôᡣ
ôᡣ
Ϊʲôƫƫ
ʹУͻȻЩãȻź󣬿һ
һҹʵڣûɫ
ǰӴԺ󣬵ԶտҲ
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´Ц֮֮֮Ĵˡɮ֮
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վһ
һáһ
ʮ꣬Ȼ᲻ýǿ
ڴˣһĺۼҲҪչƬ֡
飬޽⡣
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101 
֮ħ֮УһҼɳħ
ἰħ֣ܻô˴գȳħѾǽ׵һ棬Ӧ׹޵Ԩ
ƫƫħǰɫġ
һȾ覰͸ףΪħɫŨں콻֯ħߣԵİ׸ӳȾ
ֻ˵ĳִȴܵʥࡣ
ħ֮Уǽǰ׵ģǰ׵ģΨһͨڣǺƳɣԼȥȻ֣ħĽ϶佲ԳƵݼޣ˵˴ħӶµıҲΪ
ĺȴô߹Ľ߹УԵЩͻ
ûˣԱȴı
ź۵ħԼµĺڶħʹءţһ
ħʹǹøҵŴ˴ȷʵδ뵽ɮȻ޳˽ٸȥҽһߡƻ
һħӹĻͷƽ֮еζȴ㹻ɲըô𣿡
ڶħʹͷ˾޴ĺ
ȷʵ̹šطʵЩŹ֡
Ҳ˵Ź֣Ҫ˵Ļֵֻܹûмʶ
˼ݲںڶеʱ־壬ʶ㿪Ψֱ֮
ΨȺŮȻЦӯӯӭǣţ֣Цƪ
֮ȵعֵϵķҲ֪ʱûˣҲĪɢˣѶѹ˸ɾȻ˵´λȥ
ȻҲһЩֵܣҲû
ҲȥҪˣȺŮЦģ˵ʲôѽѵ㲻֪ŵĹ֮󣬶Թ塣ûֹ߳ʲô¶أ
֣ڶħʹһҲ˵
̫ˡ
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һħ壬˼ǡŮҲЩЦ󷽡
ĶͷǰİϣѣȴħٿЦһţôã
ڶʹֹסؿʼ
ħָ̧̧֣ûȴһ˴ħ֮Ĺ⣬˽Է񣺡ס
δɱȻɢ
ڶʹ߻亹͸ĵħİĶǴԼڿѾˡ
ֻߣӵżΪɫʱδȻŵ쿪úܵͣ¶⡣ĲϹമصݣжеȥܱϳǸֿɲħ޵ݡ
ħĹأħ޺󣬲ܰħļΪԼսƷʾˡ
λħܹôħ˶ħޡ
ɽҲһ񡣡̯֣İĻһֻյ۾Уˣ١У˽ġʵࡣ
һǰһ߼ҽ󡭡ʮǰһΣС¥ΰΰѳҲѾǼջ񡣶סһλóѾŵ÷ЦҲܲǳѾǧˣҿǻѡߡ
ȥһ˶ɽڣϣлɫһӢϸֲмЦݣҵǺܺ棬һС¥еĲУǶɽڵһΣǻҪʲô
ħĿϣ˼ת깲޵ˣ
ЦʲôסǣԲŶȥһԡ
ħ˻֡
Ĭ˵˼
ڶʹһ˳ħȴħԼǰϲת˰ʯףֱ뿪ħԶԶٿפ㡣
ڶʹЩĪؿ
ֻλӢĶͷһħϾȻһĨЦݣħӦħӣƫҪɫЦ
ڶʹĵ״𣬺޲һ̿ԼĶ䣬ʲôû
ĿѾϣһۣ£Ȼô£ʹ˺һȥɽڰɣҲҪһЩϻ

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֮Աԭĳʱ£ΪشرʾԼҹ·ֻѩС¯ڽɫѩ忴ճٸ߸һһޡ
Ҳ֪Ϊ÷ɵľ̫ң̫ǹԼû֮ͷһһʮ졣
޺͸ʱԼͬؾǺߣ㽫ûֿ
Ͻ۵ʱ򣬹ıͷǺģ˵ɫôֵһˣһ֣
ôһγԶŵʮ緢վͷʮֲռԼλãԵչʮµͷ
ʮº⣬һ˸չĶͳ÷ɴŵʦʦǿֻ֡
ʮҪҵСʦȥǲҪ̫Ľң
ɽŨŨءߡһص˭ҪĽ㣡û㣬÷ǰɽҾǰˣ
Աеӳ˳䣺ʦ֣ѣʮʦѾ𵤣ȥɽˡ
ɽھʶ˲ԣŲӼұؽ𵤣
ʮЦл˻֣ŶһΪ
ҧ־ؿŷɫۣȻִĽɫÿ˭һҷɫء
ԶĵطΰңңڷѩС
ɫʱӭѩ÷ѩԵ˰ҹȥӭǡ
뿪ȴֻңңҧס´С̧֣ҡҡĵ˵һٻᡣ
ȴѾ˽۵ıԵķʹ֣ٳʦһģҡ
ΰ̶˶١
ȻٿЦ
°֣̤쳾
һĻ̤쳾ȻһЦ¡


102 
÷ѩ뵽ɽڣǴӴ½ȥϡ
һ·ͣͣѩɫĿۻƣٵʼʪͷʢ
̲סߵëװж£ڽϸסҪúɹһ̫
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ϥϥͷǻδ붨
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Ȼ̤µ̨ףͱСɳֺ뵽ĳһλ¸ɮǣڱԼʦܽΡ
ʮ»ûӦȴѾ΢١
ֱڵܳƾĺΪʦܵģҲֻڵλ֡
Էӣֱ֪ǻ﹧ʱ
δԼлκ磬ἰʦʱϻЩɫȻЩԵζ
仰˵ǰλ¸ɮԼ㵽ġ
ڣȻԡ
ȡ˾ĽһϮۣ֣صʦҽľʦ֡
¸ɮĿϮɫϣһʣƶɮǾ
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һ˫Ưһۣ¹ʱ·֮䣬ֻܿüһ˵ӰӣҲֻԸרעؿ
һξ룬ȴĪöԷԼǲ̫ˣĵ͵һʶɿ̧޶е֣ǳɫĲڸԼı飬й¶Լ˿̵΢ҡ
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ǰֳԼǰǱ赭дԼЦֵ顣
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֮Щǽ漰ˡľ鵥˳
˵ʹȻӵԼʶȻħ壬մȾ̫ħħ磬ԼΪʹڿϡʱǱӳʱҲѾǰ˰ħ
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һΣɽڣڣӡҲڡ
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Ϊ˶˵·ߡ
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ɽڰƺǻһʲôͻȻЩã˵ϴʵûȥ̫á
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ʱЩࣺء
޵΢΢һ
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ƿϵ޶Уֱӣʱ˵
ȴʱ뿿ڽϣټһ˵ܳƷħȺֻΪ׵ġʵȺħޣҲơ⼸ֻ⣬ආħ޶㲻ѽɵֵش˴ʱҪԸģʵЩСħޣҲõĥЩħޣȻжɽڵĳ
Ƕ˵ʵ㲻ء
֮˵أҪԭ򡣡
ʮ²֪ʱҲ˹һ˵
ʱһָһϺˣ֯޶У飬ֻҪմߵ⣬󼫸ߣۺ졣ĵطգۡǲҪףǿԺ˺ԼĸгԷı¡ЩСħ޶֮˵ʲôȴ˺Щ񡣶ЩʹҲԸ뿪
ڶָɽڵĳǡɱħʱǺ𣬶ħ޾ɽƣȻ´£ȴȻڴˡ
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103 
Ͼꡣ
ѰȻӵĴůʪˮһŵģмϵһ΢ʪ
ʮ̽һСƤѾԶ׼һ㱡ˮСڸѩԭ֮еŮδȻʢʱڵȲʲô֮ǰҲϾţ һθʱȻеϺͲ̫Ӧ
Ȼ̽һֻ֣Ԫ΢תѾдһ΢ɫˮķʮ¶ʱˬ࣬˶Եþ˲١
긵ʱĻʮ˼Ƭ̣ʵʦ֣д˵ɽϷƧѵȻſڴƻƵ󴫣
κһطٸģһһαݻؽܶʼҲħħմȾ֮ȷʵϢȻڴݲڣɽΧȷʵҲֻʣ²ˡʱԼŵ˶ϷԼΪڡ
ʱЦЦӵľ˵ɽڴ󲿷ֵӵľ綼ʮָߣϾǲûôʱȥ붨Ŭƾʱ򣬶˵粢ǷǳҪҪǣɱħ޺ɱ¾лȥ
ǻӮ¼Ƚһħ޳Уܻģһǡ
˵ע⵽ʲô⿴˿ѾڵķΧˣǿԿ
ſ⿴ȥ
ȴĿ֮ȻдУϾе⡣
էһ޲ͬˣȻ쵽е֮
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ɽڵĵӡӦöбеľİɣǺеӰɣʵгһգΪ̣ɽָôأ
෴ʱȴҡҡͷָ̧һ򡪡ʱķ򣺡㿴Ǳߡ
˴Ƭžݵ黹̫ãǱȥҲԿһЩɴȥ뵽Ще˼̻˼䡣
򣬻̨˴ƬÿҶԸԼĺ޵ֻҪһǰʣ˵㣬ӵĵӣЩ˼ҲԥؽԼҺͳʱܻټɢ֮˵Ҳ鲻Խݡ
ʱΪֻǣЩħϮʱܺߡЩ˼УѪ׵Լ汻ħҧɱӱܴǽİ취з˰գԸԼѪѪϵĳ桪ʵĳ档
䶼˵ʱΨǲˡΪ˺벽Լס
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ݵȥ߰Ŀ֮֮ϣЩĺۼ
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104 
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105 
޻ӦлѾﵱȻǺףȴҲǺߡǺϡֻ˵ںһħķ󡣡
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106 
Ҳûͣٺܾá
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107 
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ʦֲŶ㸵ʱѾɳзһ
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108 
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ߵһ˿ƣַ·ĳԺĹƻٻΪԵ͵ĵͬʱ̲ס΢΢һͣŰתͷ
ڶħ嵽һڷüͷ΢壬һ䣬ǽŶ֮⣬̤šüŨĺ棬ȻҪһԾ룬һ̽
ȻѾǰС¥Լ𣿣㲻ȥ
ûڷܳܲ£Ҷɽڵļſڣ
Ϊֻһż𣿣Ƭҵʦֽ֣̳Сʦֶ㵱С¥֮˵Ѫĳ𣿡
ڷŭʢôˣС¥˵ȥãұûȥһۡ㲻˵ΪҲ뺣һۣҲ޷ң
˵нѾʣǰһԲ
ΪҲʦ𣡡ʹ֮ɫ˱ۣڽǼгΪʲôǼʲôڣΪ÷ҽڵλ÷űΪʥҵλ˸߳磿
ڷжһ٣üȴȻǽأ
ҪҪͬ٣ҪΪءνΪأǱɣ֮ɡɾkˣȴδйκһ˿ԳԽλ𡣡
˷ӿɫ˻ԽԽߣȻƿҪһɳ̲û
УȴشڷĶУδȻɵ𣬶ҲпʿΪħԭ򡣡
˼ʿЩʿеͬʱҪԿڵĲʳͬʱǶ顢ţյĳڣҪʿȻȥΪ޿ǵʿ
Щ˼ʿǵıչأΪΪͻֻΪɵԿ䣬ܹһΪԿסıܣܻģΨ÷һ˶ѡ
仰˵ʦѾţͬΪʦֵķΧǡͬҲħϸһ
ԽԽ٣ҲԽԽʹࣺǰңΪôż޽ȥȻΪĴʦԽߣ󣬾ͻԽΣգ䣬ֻһ˿ȥ
ң˸ӿȻеȴ·ĺ˻Ҫսѡ
ڷĽŹ΢գĽ⾹Ȼ΢΢Ȼʵһк壿
ǰк塣һЦȷʵ´ľͷ
С¥ڵ壬ֹλħĸֻ˵ø˱ɡ
ô࣬ڷ磬㻹Ҫȥ𣿡ƽǰ֮ѾзڶҪȥȹһء
ڷȥȥҲ֪һڹ
ǵöƽ·ľκ˶޷ݼᶨ
ڷվڹӢͦüۼһƬ⡣
Ҫȥ


109 
Ԩָķʮֽ棬 һⲻûͷ­֮ļڵһϣѭڡл𡱵ͷ­н㡣
ٲ˴ǰԨʱķ⡣
ʮֽ泹׽л𡱵ͷ­̶סԨϣз͹ЩɫȻתл𡱵ݶһӿĽɫ
˹ᴩ˿УȴûκѪɫ
ЩһֵģϽڵħ
ЩħڴϵĽʱȻҪֻӣȻķȻһħ޿ɱܣ޿ӣֻܱҫٿɢ
ָɣһָǸħ˳·Ҫγĳ״
΢΢ۣϳЩ״ľۼ
Ρ
ʦڡʲô
ڵҵȻͨл۾޵ĶһͿϵڣΪлľ磬̫Ըûнϡ
ȴû뵽һϵڣȻὫԼƵ˵ز
νת깲Ǽ֮¡
һپ٣һлɢôԼıҲش죡
ʹкܶȱܹȡлôļ䣬һⱾѾУοݿһڵʱȻܿͱԶλԲŮķᴩһ˲ĸҲѾ㹻ڻصԺͻƽ
ʯ䣬ڵѾˡ
ȻŮƽɱзǵأƬ֮䣬Ѿл߶Էóľɱ
ħԽԽرƳл壬ڵֻԼԽԽȴҲЩ㱾ãŨħУ·һЩԴԼ
ܿ죬ڵҾûȥˣҪôһԾлķһҪôᱻһһлڵħ⳹ױɢ
ڵҧأͼһγԣлƾ뿪壬Լܺùȥ
Ӧһ벻Ŷ
ڵң
͡Ŷ𣡣
ˣѵĲԼ嵱
ҲԣڴˣԸΪ۵ˣǷӣ
޿ˡлеʹ֮ɫһ˲˲ض˫˫еɫ仯ѾңңԨ⽣ֻħӰ֮ʱ𽣶䣡
֪䣬л֮ľѾȴǰ˽һ룬
ڵȣڵҲڵȡ
ڵħӰʢ
ڵڵǰ벽
ǰһ㣬ͿԴлתϣ
ǻһЩȴҲܱɴ˶Ҫã
סġлͻȻۣеɫѾƽϢ·ָ˴ǰãº͵ӣٴǰޡ
⧲ʶǰһ㣬ҪøһЩ
ŶȴѾо˲ԣ
ȻڵҵħѾסһʱ֮侹Ȼã
Ԩ⣡޴
ڳȻڵҲžԼһɣӿħ޵ķ籡ԨⳤȴѾӲǣϵħУ
Ԩ£ŨڵħӲһ֮ϣ
һȻѾڵʹȴնƸ۶ħ⡣
Ԩ֮䣬м϶ڵͫһֱĿնѾ㹻ħ⳹תϣ
Ȼδ𽣣ȴѾһɫӰط䣡
ڷˮѳһȣɫѥһŲ˺ɫħϣ
΢΢䱻ˮ¶һعǽƯ
Ȼһֻ׵֣סǱڽĽ
Ԩⲻ䣬Ѿ´ʢ
ɫ΢һɣʦ֣
ʱüĿ֮ѾȻĽ֣Ŀ罣Ҳ罣ȴļ϶֮У΢΢ͷԼСʦùһЦ
Ȼ󣬽Ľ˳ǵڵӳħ⣬һ·Ѷϣ
Ľ̫Ҳ̫壬Ǳ޴ǰħҪȻһƬ׳
кɫħⶼΣһ˲䱻
ʱֳԨ⣬Ѿͬһʱ両ֳӰЩԴȻɵĽӰٿȻ˲Ϣһ֮ħӰ֮ϣ
ħӰ·Ľյȼɢ֮С
ؽ󣡡ڵͫѾϳ˭
ϾֻһԨ⣬ظλҲֻһλµ״ӡ
пԼʵڲʱһظԮɽڲŹȥһ꣬ôħȻǵļһѾˡ
ڵѾ㾡ԼеĳӰһԾ
йĵطӰӡ
ӰӱʢĹƵ޿ˣ޿Ҳܲڳ
ڵҲӰ֮У䣬δ콣Ķٴ֮Уڵ˾ĵط
лħڱһһħƳĽƽлϵħɴضԭأ
˫ڵҲֻ뿪ʱѾպ˵˫ۣһ¡
˳ŨܵĽëĲȻ
һɲǣֻ֮ʣһ˫
޴˵۵ͬһʱ䣬ɢ˹Ĺâ
Ĺ⣬˲㴩͸Ƭ棡
ɽУ˶ٿͷ˺ķ
ȻĹʵ̫ҫۣĳһɲǣ˶ݵʧȥߣΪĹ鲻Խˮ
ĿãȴѾٿʶʲôѵʦ˳ڣ
ڷһܵҪ˵һ䡰ϲȴ˹ǰĻһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪ϲǱ
ܿ죬ʶһ£ȵȣСѺСѻںУ
ħ򣬱ԨУйڴĿ׵Ĺ͸˳
ɫ󣬱ǱѰħҲֻһħɫͬ
ħħеĳһĿЩӵؿ˱Ԩķ򣺡ʱգȻܳһ볤ڣɾ̾
һԵĳλĿ¶֮ɫ˵Ǹлƾˣ
ħף˭֮ܣ
һĨ䳰Ц֮ͨ磬ȴԸڱԨУʹҴһ
һλʶĵ˼Ҷǲ볤ڣҲѾţ³÷λ÷ʥԼչزҵ֮⣬˭֮ƥУ
һ̣ʲôҲں

̮
ֻԼһ˲ʧٿʼ˼ֹĵ䡣
кӿˮ黹ϣкˮȴܸܵ˷ĺˮѹȸС
ѾûЩϤķˣҲ֪Լȥδ
ոտʼ׹ʱԼо˸ʱķңң֣̽һѽסذ˻ƻ˵һʲô
Ȼˮ̫ӿʲôҲû壬Ѿӿĺ֮忪
֪˶ãص˵ϡ
ۣЩҧгݵҪʱȴѾһһ˻
һ㶣ȫĶͣסˡ
ǵİǴڴģ
ֻ˵ģ
Ҫˡǵ³һˣȷʵ
û˵ֻǷɿתһԪȷԼĵû⡣
ַܿһЩ顣
Ԩⲻˡ
ʱı̫ã˿һϦֿȻЩӦ
ǰļ䶼ڣȷԨǱʱϡ
Ӧʧˣԭ
ҲȻ˿ȴҲĪһЩ䡣
ڵȻǸлµʱ޵Ѿת߬ס˼תʼ⣬׼Լһֻ֣ԥһ£
Ѫļ͸ȷԼĿȨûбߣѪҲĺɫһָ˿ϣĨȥ˿ڡ
ǵǱĹ𵽣Ƕ˶٣żС¥ˣǷ𣿡
һ̣ıʼѾ׼ü䡣
ƽؾűʣ۳ħ⣬ȥ


110 
ڵû뵽޵СȻһ־ơ
˵Ƕһ롣
֪Լ𣿡Ȳ⣺Σ
ȶرƽ
ħĽɫѾ˸ڱʼ⡣
һ£ֱ˵ˣڵҷɿ޵жҲ֪ղŷʲô֮Ǳ֮Уħ򡣡
ٺܿ죬Ȼ޲ΪһʱƳԼ
ҵĹ̮УıҲԱرϯУѾϿ뱾ĸӦǷ֮У߸һЩѾ״ݻ١
ǰߣҪ취޿Լı壬Ǻߡô˿̲дһ꣬Ψһϣ
֪˭Ҳ֪Ӧȥħֻһ·ߴٲҿԸ·
޵ֶƬ̣ʵǣ
лش𣬱أڵ΢ڵҵҵı塣ߡȥһħ
ͻȻЦ֪ҵķЧʮּɵ²£ħȽͷҲгħȨĳصħ幦Ҳ֡ҶһЩ飬˵һת깲ħ幦Һʦϵģ׹ɣûǴĻʹô˷ʱ彫ʮִת꽫Ŀ֮ϣԷֱһײʳһ
ôΪʲô㻹ʳңҪҽأЦҲ䣺ΪѾ޷ٽвʳıѾ˸ղŵôֻʣһꡣ
ȰȿԼĴԼûʸ̸޵ôڣٸһĻᡣ
ڵû뵽Լ˵ô仰ѾԷ˸˾Ųʮ
Ĭá
ʵǳλ߰ħϵħ׻Ҫһ¡
ԼŮС¥һĴʦ
ѾǴʦ֪˺ħɶвᶯҡħҪħĴơ
ڵ֪Լ˿վħֵĽǶȣӦòϧһ½Էʯ١
һ˲룬˿λֳ¶ԥһѡ
ϧ
ţֻ˵ԼǸҪ顣
ڵڿڵ˵û
ȴû̿ڣŵֱֳʶ׼Լƣӵվȴһܡ
һƬԭ
չʶȷ˸ûκĴڣȻŵʣ𡣡
֣ħʲôط
ڵȻٱʣһŷŻڵңħ޻Į
޵ѾɿسԼħͼٴȷԼħеλãԼħľ롣
˵ֻʵħԶص·жԶ
ΪħڵһǧǵڣԨ
޽˵ĻԼԺеĵͼбȶԣó˻һµĴ𰸡
ȻʲôʶͻȻĳ־ҵĴʹУ
ɲǼ䣬İҵļӿԺ֮С
ô˲䣬ѷԼ˭
ƱΪڵҵħڶӣм䡣
ļм˺ΪħħħΣһһСħ޾䣬ٵһζɱͬ壬ɱ˴ŵ޵֮ˡ
Ƕɽڵĵ
Щɻգգۣ̫ԼΪʲôӦǵһμĵȴѾ졣
ڸͬڵҵĿ־壬ڿ־屻ɱлţսսŬǿλħҲĺǱơȴҲԸѪȲ֮·һ켺ԼͬĸЩֵܽã˳ãħӵԼһϯ֮أ֪
Ǹһʼɱ˻ҹҹجεˣڱþٵգۣͱĥ֮Լʹӡ
޵ͷԼϵѪܾԼΪɱ˶еãȻҲ˵Ϊʲôˡ
ѾԽԽֲԼ˭
ֱĳһΣ˱Ԩңңһڶɽһֳֺ࣬ɫűҽꡣ
İģȴܵϤ
ĿתؿܾԼʶ˵ģԼʶģ·Ǳڸӽ֮ӣĽҲӦøŨһЩ
ٺˡԼν뱯ԨлڣڱлڱĴ۹â֮ǰԾһ֮еһ̡
ߵһ˲Ǵǰ
֪иʱظλ¡۾˰һʮţĽ޴ʦ֡
ԼӦ֪ࡣ
磬ΪʲôҪһеץסΰࡣ
ٸ˵
¡
޵Щ
ЩãȻ룬ΪʲôʱģˣǶһģһΣվ֮УĵһӦȴҪأ
һμ䷴ԺշתٻԼڱԨһ࣬꽣ʱĳ
ԣ
ⲻǵĳ
ֻ˵ʱ̬ʶ
ӵϢԺУŽɽļХȻΪת깲ļʤڵҽ̫õѵ˵϶ħһӦ֪֮ˣΪˣչʮֻ꣬Ϊ飬ٽЩӡԼԺУ
˿ڵҼͬʱڵȻҲڿ޵ļ䡣
ֻ˵ǡͼʳ
Ȼһ֡
ȻȷʵѾʮҪת깲֮ռһλϵ˵壬
ʾȻת깲֮
ȷԼǰлʱѾ壬Сĸǲʮ꣬ҲļӦһ˲Ϳɡ
ת깲תʱڲʳ˼ĹУҪһê㡣
ֻҪμסêĴڣôêͻȻѣԼĲԼӶ˵ļ乲ʳĹ̡
ȻڽӴ޼ʱڵκê㣬ѾȻļХ
һѭ
˻飬Цȴͬһʱ䣬ͬһ÷ѩۣ֮һ齣
ѻʧ⣬ڲ¥г鿴飬ˮеӳŮԶ֪Ĺ䣬ټ벻ɺУ֪ꡣȻͬһʱ䣬ȴ֪ûǵꡣ
Ϊλͬʱݼڣ
⵽ʲô
ϣôˣӵʲô
ظĲǺ˴飬ޱ㿴֮ҲԶԶڵҵ󣬶͹ĿЩ޾麣ļвյĿ־һڵҵļ飡
Ϊ޷ܶ޷¿ڲɺб˶ãͼǰȴѾһƬִĽ֮У
޸֪ڵͼʳʱ򣬷ʳʹˣԭЩجج˼ڿʱһ̣Ѿ𽥱
ڲ֪ʱ򣬸ʱĴڣѾڵҼνê㡱
šüŸʱһһԺ
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ʱ˭
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֮䣬ȻһˣȴѾ૵ʦ֡
ˣޡ
ǸʱСʦãޡ
һѴڴ
ڵҵ꣬Ӧһɲǣױʳ顣


111 
һͬʱħУĳһ΢ٿϨ
ʵһȤ顣
̫ĻԾ۾̫ãҲЩ߲̲סҪ۾
ص˲Ÿոշ۾֣˸ǷͻȻúﲻ̫ԡ
˴˴̫ʱ䣬Щ״ѾԺУͫһЩŵؿĳ
Ǹħʮλﱲǵ
һЩѾװ䣬˿̣Ȼһȼ֮ÿտյ
˼ؿǴյȻһ۾ϳһǶڵҵ𣬵ʶԼ۾
ħУҲǶǿߡ
Ψλ㹻ŬҲ㹻бֶΣЩģ˽˶ãܵһħ
ڣ֮򣬾ȻϢأˣ
ӣһȷ𲢷΢ϨҲŲ֣˦еĴѶ
𡭡ˣ
ʱŷԼߵĹ˻ƣ϶һһŴѶβ˵һ仰
ˣ
͸ħߣصħ֮УٴħгϵĶС
λϻ㱨˵ħеĶסˡ
ħͫٿת죬һµĺͨ覴õϣȻһ˿ۿɼѺۣ
һ̣˶һӰ˲ϢѾڵҵǰ
λϹһأͷǰĵϣҾŵȻʢŭħ
ħĬͣĨǰ
Ȼ֪ڵȥʲôˣҲȻ˴ǰԱԨĶƾ׹⡣
һλƾʱɵ̮޴Уȷʵڵܵġ
Ϊδǰôãлľ綼ûκɶļħߴλû˵κ֮ص
ħľ磬Ȼ֪ϲԵɺϡ
Ծڵʩչת깲֮ʱǡõùлƾ
˵ڵҵΪĳ̶ֳϣǡõһ
һħԸ⿴Ľ
ħɫ̧֡
ȻݳһߵˣΪλħʩչĳطٻضĻǣΪϾ۴ӹȥʲôħ谮Ķӡ
ȻħָֻͣǷ֮ϣɫ䣬ޱһָȥֱǷ𳹵ױ飬κܵĿԣ
͵Ȼһ
ħŭȵ²ķ
пħҶ𣬴ħߵҪеĳЩҡڰĻⴵ
һ̣ħӰѾʧԭء
ͨ崿׵ħϣиʶ𣬼ҪֱƼİ
ħӰ˰ߴ
ħ˶ֹ˴
ֻ˵ʵû֪ߴйת
Ĩͬħ綼İɫħǹʥλõɫʣתɫ΢Ťһ޴ģ·𴿰ײϼһĴڡ
ײϼڰߴĿռУϼµĵԿķƣһȦһȦ档
޴󷿼ĽһλŴ׶ˡ
ɫϵľ޴ñڸסǵò嶵ñµ٣ֻܿЩ׶ʽħڶʹһģһǵĶϣҲͬŻͼƣһֻյ۾ڻ֮С
ϵķƲȫ޹
Щż˸ʱһϨ𣬷·޹ȴתĳ޷͸ĽǸԹصλİ׶˵Ϊ㴿ײϼ롣
ħ߿ȥеʲô
Ҳȥ
һߵڴײϼǰĵϣͷסĵ棬³çħ
ڵͬһ˲䣬Ľǵİ׶ϣյ۾ٿ

͵ۡ
ӻجج¿⣬һִˮͻȻ˿ĸо
ؼǵãԼǰʱ򣬷Ӧĺɫʱ֡
˿̳ҰȴǰӰѾɹһҹ߸ҹȻǡһճ
ԭûжȷɿһԼĿǰ״
Ǭڣô룬ⶼǴǰڱԨֳĶǴ˿˴ĦֵۣҲûκνӡ֡
ԡ˵ڵҲĵʱȷʵûκ鿿
˵ѾʧԼĵ˵֮м顣
ȻͻȻ֣ԼĵУ֪ʱһö𵤵ĳΡ
仰˵Ѿվ˺ϵڴԲı߽磬ֻһţΨĽڡ
ڵĽӰɫȻһ壬ԲȻˮɣִ٣Ҳûʲôȱ֮
˿
֪վ˵֮ߣҲǵһˡ
һʱ֮侹Ȼ֪˵Լǲø
ԳЦЦ׼ԼſʼȥԼԺжһݼ䡣
ݼʳɵսеʤ˵˵ļԶγһ򣬲뱾ļʱԲ鿴еκβ֡Ҫݼ˵ĻҲֱӽݼɾ
Ȼӵڵҵļ䣬޶ת깲Ҳ˸˽⡣
һΪȤ顣
йһļ䣬ڵҪ̲ļ˸練ơ
һҲ޿ڵĽ档
˵׺Ϊ򣬺Ϊ
Σʣʤˣ
ӵڵҵļ䣬ڴ˿ħ˵һʮַ顣
Ը׼ȷȷԼķλҲ֪˴˴Щħ޳ûʲôϰԺ㣬ħͱԨҪĸȥ
Щ䣬Ҳκħʱ򣬺ܺõԼݣαװһħ塣
ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҫлڵҡ
޴Ǭһ·ɿ컻ϣٽͷ߸ȻʮؽŪһЩϾڵҲħбȽҪ˻ʱӰ񣬻ᷢĴڡ
˵αװֻһʱģԶһЩʱ䡣
ˣ̲סҡͷЦһĵԼḵʱҲô鷳ˡ
Ķٿס
ԡʱأ
Ըԭص̫ʱ䣬ȻѾħ˽߰˰ˣԸɴʶѹħķȥµڵһ䡣
ڵҵӽʵһȻȶԸϸڵעҲȫ档
ʣΪסʱǺһ𱻾˱Ԩ֮˵ģ˵ֿˣ·ԷӦҲħС
ȻħıȥѰ
ǳȷţԸʱ˽⣬Էħô˺η϶ҲԼһħķȥָѰһһȻȥ
Ϊʼ۵ϳԼûвǳǳЦ⡣
ħûʲôͬ㹻ǰ·
ȷ˼иʱĴתڵҵһЩ䡣
һ˲ʦлʢĹâʲô
޴ӵ֪ʲôڵҵƲ⣬плʦƾ˳ڡ
۵ǲǣҪȥȷһʦİΣЩħʲôԼ֮ǰС֮䵽ʲôϵ
ֱ磬ǰûϸ룬ϸڵҼеϢŷһʮ顣
ڱԨ޲ʦлľ޴ʱӱʹճһԼûϳʲôĻ
ȱĲ֣ǡл
ָлħʱʵҲڲȫǼʡ
ֻǵʱֻǽԺУϾ˼Ѿ׹֮С
˿½ĻԺйճʱȴٿʶʲô
ǸȻħģ
ȱһ֣лķͼȻħƵİ


112 
ʱȷʵҲħ֮С
ɱôħħ׼ȷ˵⻹һЩϼҡ
һȦܣֻԼһƬɽ֮Уɽֵ죬ŨȴûζĺɫҺ壬һжԵúǹֿɲ
ԽԽɽһһع
ʱĿƿȴַɿ˻ٶס
ǹ⣬һ˫һ˫İħ۾
еħޣӵֻͫף
ҲǺϡ档
Ͼɱħι״Ҳ
ʱɫֻֽ̧Լڴǰ׹бɢĳַ
Ԩ⸡ġ
ۿһԼеĽһֲָֻΪԨĽϲײһöĽʯþòܸܵϢ𣿡
ԨǶ˶١
ȻнģԨϵĽ鲢ȫֻܼ򵥵رԼ
Դ˿̣ʱȷظоԼ˵þòʱԨ⻹ǵزġ
һתԨȻĬá
һ֡ȻҲܲСʦõ䣬ôòˣҵĺҪҪٸܵΡ
ʱȻᵽԨ˼ЦЦָ˵ԨĽⲻֻ𣿡
ȷʵ
֮䣬һصĵ
ͬɣԶҲңңܵһ㡣Ԩ⵽ڽôãʮ˽⣬ʲô⣬磬ҲܸӦġ
Ԩƽڸʱĵ˵㡣
ʱһü֮Ĩɫɢȥû̫ˡ
Ԩٲһ¡
ΪʲôȥҲȥҲӦȴȥɣʱüһЦпսеĽԨⰡ㿴ǰ棬ɵҵıѵӦȵҪôħɱȥ𣿡
𽣣۶ǰֵĴ׳ɣٽһ·ܲħֱնϣ
ѪɫУһеؿһ·ӲĴ߳˵ŲͥУϾԨ졣
ţ˵Ҫôһ£˼Ƭ̣ȻüĿһָˡ
ǸħֻҪֵĶһܿҡ

֪ʱĴĻһ۾ͻϳڵĵطȻǡȻͬķҴƬΪħѪֵĵط߳Ψһ취Ҳȷʵɱ
˼ʦħĹϵδ󣬿棬޾Ҫȥħһ֪ܶĴ𰸡
ǰеٶȱ֮ǰЩ
ħдƬƬĻ֮أЩطȴ޻ĮǰĿһģϢħޡ
Ҫƹħ޵ȻҲǲܣеʱ򣬻ᾪЩòһѾħޡ
ʱնħḻ޳Լһ·ϣʵܵ˺ܶξš
ʵظĲ¥ħͼģͼֻǼʰ裬ҲֻǸڱ棬˿ʱ򣬲ܿЩͼֳܳϸڡ
ֻ۾˸ߵģħͻȻתͷʱ򣬻˳ǸһβͣβͼϻкɫΡ
ֱ˵ǵϬţģħſʱ򣬻¶ܲļѪϸߵͷ
죬һ·ʼУ˦зħޣȴҲǲòĳЩʱڹͲ˦űը
죬Ľȴľ޴ħٿſ죬ķ򱬳˺ҧ
޴û˿лԼǹô÷ѩۣ֮һ쮽˵쮱ʵٶȡ
ӰܿЩΪըӰնħ޲ӲǴħǰһ˲˳
˳ӵһȦһȦݵУһѷ
Ƭ̵ļžħը˸׳죬һ޴İȴѾһ̳˰Ƭ
ʵ̫죬һʱ֮ɲԼôֵӹһħ䣬ƻмվݶϵħɿһۡ
ޣ
ǲ⧲ˣ
ޱʷһͣ˼˸ȻתǴ丽ĵȻԸ£Ǵ˴ħзʲôԾĵطϱħôһɱħڡ
ԶͿ˸ղվݶϵļħ˷ָܵղ·ķ򣬴С
𣡿𣡸ոħʹ·һƤڵħ弤ĴݶѾûħˣǲ˵ħµĶ¶ڣ˼Ҳû
ħ£һλĪЩħѾᣬȻɿزԼᣬҲҪǿǿܱõΪħЧħһ㣡ǰһûħжǿոλħʹӢԺҵĿˣ
ޣ

ôЩħĲһ
ΪʲôȻһ˿ĪĴϢ
ʣܺħϱߵ
һʱ֮ԼԭĿģڸפƬ̣ȷ⼸ħģݳģŴ𾪼ħķʻȥ
ħıԴȷʵࡣ
ֻЩݵħҲ֮һЩصı졭ȻԼֱ仯ΪΡǡȥ롰ħ񡱵·ֽһЩ
Щ𽥱˷·಻ͬġһĴڣܹУޱȣȴҲӵŹеȱݡ
ǱҲģһľʱмĿܻʧ״̬Ϊֻɱ¾Ĺ
Ҳɱ¾Уɱɱ飬ԼڣںϳһЩӿɲǵĴڣҲħ
ЩظĲ¥Уʮȷص֣Ҳÿһ޵֮ˣڽɺѧĹħĵһΡ
Ҳˣ罫ɱħħΪΣԱЩֻɱ¾ĹΪ˼䡣
ɱħ壬쾭֮¡
˿޾Ȼһηħһ档
ң֮ȻڵҼֳħģ
ڵȻȷʵ̤ħ򣬶Ƭؿνָƣȴ㴦ڹеĽ׼УӴħ嶼һİҲ·С䣬ȻΪ֮פ㡣
ΪԷĹֳֵüٺһ֣䶼֮һ档
ЩʱȻӦؽеħ壬ڵһˡ
⣬ʵҲһħӡ
ֱ˿̣ͻȻһ
ϣʵֻԼ˫˫Լģʵ
һεľһңңħʱѾǰΣȻһֵĹ۲졣
һΣȴֿͬħ塣
ЩħȻȫĳ࣬ȴȻҲܵħ޵Ϯڴ֮Ⲽħ޵ľ޴ħĸҲȻرԼĺӣ·ӵӵеĵԹԡ
Ȼȴһ⣬ħħԳ֮ġ
Գĳ̶ֳ˵ʵħеĺǿսͱ壬һЩ΢Υ͵ġ
ע⵽Υ͡
ʼ·ڵҵļ䣬ܾԼܻϸûע⵽
ûʲôѾٴ·һѾСģħۼأʮĺڶħʹ
Ѿʶ˷⣬ܿ죬ӲɢɱΪԸоЩڶϵϢԱԼǸڶħʹϵģҪ̫ࡣ
仰˵ʵ
Сһյأڶħʹ˿վڿյϣ̬ǵǰվһƬħ壬޵ѿƬħ嶼Ѿ˱ٽʧ״̬ıԵ
Ȼ˾ЩԶȴĿÿյоĳϣȥ


113 
ʧصħϣǻ۳ʶһ۾ܿġŨ΢ġġ
ӴʧǰħۼһѾŨʿУۿɼ
ȻħǶԼ״̬ʵҲʮڴ˴Щħ֮⣬еħ嶼ԶĵطһڴȴηƬյء
ЩѾѿסԼ˼ʧħ壬Ȼס˽Եİ޵ӽǿȥؿЩħΪԼʱ亹ֱ
վǰĺڶħ΢΢°ͣñӰǵĴУѿǴʲô˵ǵοЩЩ᫵ħ忴ǡࡱ
ҲһȤ顣
ħЩȱҲħǷ˻䣬࣬Ϊһ壬ȻıԺ󣬸ߵħȴڱΪΣΨо㹻ߵħࡣ
ħȻౣ˴һ¡
·һȦֻصԭ㣬ȴҲȫԭ㡣
֮Ҳǳԭ򣬴ǰЩеħŻڿ޵ʱ򣬾Ѿ϶ǴħġħʹΪֻСħʹĸߵħ壬ܻôΡ
ǼڶħʹĿоۼڴ˵ħһһɨȻ˹صм
㵽ħԳƵļ֮ɫٿһħΪ̫ʧ״̬
𡪡
ŭĿɢϼеѪܷ·ɲǼ䱻ȼĳȼѪ״̬ۿɼ֮ѪܵɫʴɫŨĺ죬ĺɢ䵽˼棡
ϸѪëһСһСɵرȻĳֽϵɫʣ
Ѿޱƽ޴ǰ޻Įһ··ϣɱħѪҺɫˣ
ֻһ˲䡣
գ۹·ѾƣмǴıᾴ̳һֻϱ״ĺ׸ǣָָ׶˼ģͬʱͫױͨ죬Ѿ̧۵˲ȫб仯һצ£
һλʧػħ壬ЩڶжͣסȻħʹȴֻĮվԭأעǰһĻ
ǱһУߵһħҲѾ͵˼ޣ
һŭ˻䣬Ѿħ޻ħ˴һ޲ĹУȻиħ屻
ԽԽħ屻ⳡѪģĻս˻ѪɫɣƬյضŨѪɫ̵ͬС
޷Ѿɱ¾ǰ̵ģҲƽ
ΪǱ˴֮ǰѾʧȥǣֻʣɱ¾ıܡ
˵δпɱ¾
ӵһڵҵļ䡣
ڵҵļУСڹۿƵɱ¾ˣҲЩ̺ͺʹǣĳϣǷħھʱʧأ͵ͬ޿ɾҩ
λºͣ˵ĻȴľӸ£ŶеײħĮӡ
ȻǡΪҪʧ֮ʱδȻΪħеĴħޣұһֵǻۡȻǻ۵ĸߵʹԼҪ˳̶ȡҲҪΪӵǻ۵ħ޵ͬӵ˼εʸ񣬶⣬ʵħġܹȷεģԶֻǡ״˴ǡɣ
˶٣˵Ц⣺ϸҪ̫࣬Ҫ΢ЦҪϤĳΪⱾħƺͳƬħĸʽ֮һ
ĳһ˲䣬ֻãڵҼеĳԼǰһĻغһ
ϵĻ˵ڶħʹʼĮעǰһУһλħʹ̧֣˸ǷѼǰһĻ̫ġ
˴оͷħ弸ͬھķʽµġ
һһקһħͷ­ͬʱҲѾԷࡣ

Ŀʬ飬Ȼлħ廹δڶʹȴȫǻ΢ţֱȹѪգߵһɱ¾УȼûбӰ쵽ʧصħǰ
ˣ߰ɡ
ǼħЩãȻ̧ͷȻҲǰһĻŵȻһ̣ѡС֮ˣȻΰͷϣ
˽֮ǰĽѵټҲѹסڼڶСħǸȴ۵ĿУһ·ȥ
ʹˣǡǲӵˡȡʸ񣿡һħСʵ
ȻһλڶħʹӶñ´΢̧Ȼ˵ħ˵ӵħ壺ħ²κһħ壬ħ嶼ԼĶŮһƬϵħ壬˶ᱻȣ˶ӵΡĻᣡ
߰˸Ⱦ˶Уϥ˵ϣظװȥвסе
ȥħ񣬲ãأΨħ
ЩһƬ̻Ƭ֮Ψһʢ
޵ѾĴʦˣȻԿһЩתʮСʶ˰֮УܵĳϢĸʢ
Щңңħķȥڰ·ϣԼ۳˺Ӵ󡢺ܴ׳һ
޷˫ۿ壬ҲѾʲô
ĳִȻȵ֮ͳ֮صļӳ֡
ֻ˵ˣġ
һĻȻڵҵļغϡ
ǧħɶķʽͳеħ壬öԷԼľͳ֮£Һӷ֮ġ
ֻħñʧصħѹӵСΡĿԣЩڶħʹԭҲЩЩʧصħеһԱħΪˡΡʽǲܼԡԼӻšλħ峤϶ڵ˵Ļл죺סţκһߣԭʼҲ޿ɶҡֻҪץס壬ġ
ȻܶȷʵѾڵҵļӦ޻Ǽ䣬Сĵ׹˺ڶħʹҪٶ࿴
ĺڶħʹľȷʵ̫ߣϢȴԼʿڵӣԼնУȴ޿ٴôˣõĳФħĽͨߣ
ʹˣǡҪȥħ𣿡
ڶħʹЦһȻһȥ
һػħϣһ̣Хǰ۶ȥ
ȴû̸ȥǱ鳵뻽ʲô䣬˼شӿڴͳһƱĵþˣóʱ䶼ûǮˣֻǲ֪ƱǷħͨС
ɱһ·ûƬ̴ϢҲȷʵҪ·ԡԿ
ƿɿ·һ޶˶٣·Ǯ
ħƬ򻮷Ϊ˲ͬ飬Ǿ˿̵λһƬ
ʱѾʶ˳Ʊȼʱķȥ
ȵʱȻѾվ־Եĳϣ
Ȼã
ԭǮƲͨء֮أ
ôһ˲䣬ҪֱӻƱ·ȥħ¶
һȥǬ﷭ƱͻȻ֪˻̣ôô̡
ͺһ£ȴԼŵĵطлɫ෭ңŲȵôƲĳʲôصģЩ͹ġƽ档
ֻ˵Ҳƽ棬ĳִĻȡ
ȵȣԼŲȵĵڶ
΢ΣȻͷŷ֣ģȻԼµĵ棡
ȻĿ쵽Լĵ澡ͷʲôһ£¶صĶ
·ĳ
еĶסˡ
ŬԼĴڸн͡
Ϊģһ˫ɫġ޴۾
ĽٴϸܣĻǡƳĺ
ЩӲȴ㹻ỺػܣȻã֪Լˡ
̲ס̧Լüģĵ׷
äĿ˵ļ䣡ԼϤĵطܺ·ͷһ·ʹ˹
֪ħĴħޣɲһֻΪħƽϲϢĻɽ֮ϡ
ᡣ
ǮĲĲ
ôһ·ֱħͷ


114 
ǰһϢһϢ
ϢǣħȻڲԾڣӦϾԽ޴ҪϢھԽǻԾڣҲܼڻɽоĬħ
ϢǣֻܿԼ߳ȥֱħͷǮ·Ϊ·ǰǣҪһ·
˵ͺ⣬ħô·ֱ޵ħĿϼҰ
ްס̣Ѿ˼뿪ķ
ħ޶֮նʱõȻĸ֪ħޱǿʱȻȻԼСĴڡ
޵ĵһƻǣԼϢѹյͣҲڣȻ
˫Ӳư˫ڶݵƿƤ±ϡ
޳׼ᣬѾ˰գ
һȵϣħ˫ȴٿ
һΣħ޴ͷ­ɻҰڶȻڿδ쳣ŵƶһ֣˸ֱӡ
ޣ
ƻһʧܡ
ħͷϣͻȻԼħͷϣҲһǰһ㣬Լ˿ѾһgʵĻɽҡ
ЩֵһĵǴʦأ
÷ЩһĽޣ»ԾԾԵزԼеĽܴܲȺԥὣħһս
Ȼʱһɵޡ
´ʦֻһһȥһħ
ˣ̲סЦһҲ֪зࡣ
ڶƻҪһЩˡ
ӸղŵĹ۲Ѿ֣ⷽԲУֻħͷäҲȫĵطҪԼŬǣеЩƯġߡ
ȵЩķһʱһѳЩߣɻɽڵʯ̮ʱħᱻڷɶһʯ飬ʯһڻɽĵϣٻ·뿪
ֻҪǰϵúãƻҲ̫ѡ
΢һǵķƶǹ̶סˣħͻȻ̧ͷʱ򽫳ڷеԼƷ
Ȼɢʶء˿еЩߡ
ħ֮䱾ӵеֻҪ¹ۼͿΪʦá
޵Ķܿ죬һͳɢ˪ʡ֮ǰֻѾˣĳֲǮĻֺһֻáΪΨɢ˪ʿٵĵԪճ׼
еķ߱ȻǣɽתĻУȻһּ΢Ĺ˳ɽԭЩеʯʱĻۣеħצӡһЩۼ
ڣЩۼѾ֮
ĵʱ̲סСҪʦ֪Աѧקôֻ߳ΪܵóҴӵۺһ
ૣһִֻǬͳһƱһڽһק
ʯ׹ɽжʱһƬȻ

һƬȻУڷƿնȻŽʣȴɽӰһһӺȻз׷һƬħޣ
ըħܵ𣿡ʱԼٶѾˣκԼȻûзɳһƬء
вϷӿСݣ·Ҷľ޴ɫҶƬƮϡеҶƬſһܵɫħ֣ɫ󼸺ȫҶƬΪһ壬ԸʱһʼƬʱӲûҶƬж
ֱڷɹĳһƬҶƬʱͻȻƿһͣʶһٿѪ
ź֪֣ԼԶһƬ޴ҶƬϣȻϢһֻ޴ħܣ
ͣùʱ±ҪȻ³ϸͷħܹᴩ
Ȼʱһֱ̫̫նֻħܵͷ
ҵʹֻħܼХһһζʱ򣬸ʱڿٽòʵЩ᫶ĵħޡ
ʱ桱һض˶⣬ȻֱӴǬͳһ֮ǰ֪ʲôʱȥıըһֻ޴ħܶȥڶԷҪͬʱһѱը
Ҳ֪ǲǱը󻷾̫ã˵ֻħܵھ޴֮ըһɲֳĶøʱԼһ
ըħܣɫҶƬϣɫӰŸʱķٱĽӰһ͸
ݵļ϶УʱΪ̫ûıըһ˿㱡
е޵ʱڸɽʱըĶ
Ԩ⼱ɣЩҲ֪СʦڵʲôûʲôΣգ᲻ᡭҲôһƬ̵أ뵽

ħȻ׾ѣٷһŭ𣬿Ϊһۿɼص
Сˡһû뵽һʽ׻סǣŲڱֱ˦ɽ֮С
ħҡͷβҲ֪ΪΣȻֹǱǷŭŭҡͷ˦βϣһ㣬
Ӧеãɿһ֣ץסħǣڱ˦ͬʱԼħĻɽڡ
ȻûеĻҽһƬ貽ƣ
룬޳׼ᣬɿץסǵ֣Ӹ߿ֱֱ׹ڵ棬ող˲䣬һ֣
ȻڽħѾǰӿһڻ棡
лǡеƱϣٿɢһƱ˸ɾ
޵һɿ˦֣ⱻ粨ҪƱһ졣
һֻڵħǰצǰס·ħͷҲתߣĿԣ
ɾ޴Ͳж̫ǿң޾Ǽֱһ˫۾ֱǽӲӵԼֻмϸڵߣȻħͫס
鲻ԽһƬհףֻܸоԼ֮һʱ֮䣬ֻʣǰħ
ħӣȻһϢ档
һʯӿĽźٿڵأʶڵϣٱɢʯġ
ʱܲʯӴľʹһֻʶǬȥͼħһ֮ǰҵõĶ
磬ʱǸ׶ܵסعǡ
æҵ͹ǣȵͳٵԼǰɪɪƬ̣ŷ֣ħ֪ʱصͣж
ֵһڵսľȻ̽ͷ
ħڿ
˫ʵ̫޴ʵڲȷԷĽൽԼĸֻ֣ظоԷеĹͼĳһ̣ĳɢˡ
ħͷƶ޴ͷ­ڵϣֱϢֱϡ
һҶֻԼɱĳֱĶԷûжѡ
ħȻǰ紦ͣסˣȻôľȷʲô㣬գգ۾
Ҳ֪ǲ޵ĴȻӱԼ˻Ҫֻɫ۾УˡһЩصۡ
һ̣һЩŹֵĺֱ޵
Ϻᣬծ𣿡


115 
ծ
ʲôծ
ãȻգգۣЩԼǲѾŵˡ
ħȷʲô󣬻һЩǵصѹȸɢȥһЩȻһԼڻؿתˡ
ΪΣƽˣΪ̫ʱħϢȣĳݵζ
ΪŶס˺ֻżһζԼᵱιȥ
ʱ˿̣Ҫ𾪵̫࣬Ҳ֪ԼӦȾʲô¡
Ȼǧһħ˵ֻǣħе˼
ɤӣһԼƬ̣ƣҼ桭оɣ
оɣծǷծ֮䣬˵г𡣡ħȻ뷭ۣȻ֧ܲôȻΪʹˡƺ΢òôӲ
Ȼ޵ɻ󣬼Щ鲻ԸѪ
޴˸ͷ
ֻħȥ÷ѩ֮ǰĻܻʮֳԾãǰ÷ŵ׸˵Լǰδ֪˿ħô˵޾ȻڶݵľȺ󣬾ͽ¡
ϣȻЩʵ飬֮ǻԻ͹ҼȻħйԨԴħЩ¡Ҳ⡣
ô˵أȻݼ̣дѴѵծʵǺ飬ծ飬ȻĲ࣬ΪʵӴԴС;ģҲʵǲ١
˵ծ˵ԶһЩҲǲܽܡ
Ȼͷĳһծ˻һ֡
ү
ʽġүרŸˡѪֶ
νѪרΪԸ⻹ծĴүƣݸв𣬵ֻҪϵ޽ѪôծǧѪУǷѪһһ飬ֱծ񳥻Ϊֹÿһ˷ҪӦ
ͬʱծڻծǰ󣬶Բ˺Ѫؽ
ò˵ѪⶫٻǴŵѹȸУһѪĵ޽ʮأľ޴ծȨΪʵڶӣ޿̣Żѡ˷
֮޶ħġɷ֡ѾһһĿȻ
йϵ
ҾؼԺһҪ֣صãļͷ
ծŵá
ôʡ峥ծ𣿡̽ʵ
ħ˫ὫչδչȻʶҪȥסʲôȴԼĶ̫ԣߣ㡢ʲô㲻Ҫ
ޣ
ħĴħ֮ף˵Ļ
ѾǷˣǷˡ
ʶԼıԵøһ㣺ôʣôأ
ħƬ̣Ҫô㵱ûңҪôҵû㣬㿴Σ
޴󾪣û뵽ħȻô޳ܣ
һ̣ϵճŮ˷жħдĿ־壬žδⲻ̫ʰɣѾûħծˣܾô߰ɣˣ֪ѪǧδȨ̧ʵİɣҵѪҲŹˣųǱҵ˰ɣοҪҶҪҰһ𣿡
ħ
ħ֪ħ̫֪
޴۵СãȻ̽ͷ˿ɽ档
޴˿̲Ҳ֪ʲôˡ
żȻһƳĽӲӣʣȷʵǽӡ
ɽ֮£ƱҲ֪̰˶ٲƣжԼȥġ
޵ûħһצӳȻⳡƵĽޣȫʤ
ħ鲻Ըǣ˵Ҫʲô
һ飬һĶ޵ġ
ħĬá
á
¶˹Զ׼֮ɫʲôԶľ
Ȼٿ𣬳ԭķ磬ٺХ»ɽڡ
Ȼ̽ͷȥȴħӴȷʵɽڶס˸ʵʵֻܿɢЩ⣬ȴħʲô
˺ð죬ħǰᣬĶ
̾һ㲻֪飬ȥħһŵ飬ҪôҪôԡ
ħһ˵һǰצ
ǰצУһöССģɫĵ
޵˫ȫɵĵ
ʶ˹Ȼ˫ִöɫͬʱֻԼĴ͵عһģһġ
һ״̬һ̣ãöе·ѾãȻѾ޽ĳԼ
ʲôѾĳֲ²⣬ȴʵ
ҵĺħǵĳŵҪҺϵޡɲҲô궼ûãһΪءģܺƿԺԼҲܻмǣƿǵʱһۿģҲֻ㣬ŻΪ
޵ͨͨĵģԼȻѵҪһֻħ𣡣
֣еĵԼѾˣҲ̫˵ȥԼͷʱ򣬿ɾԲʡ
СҲܽʡغһ¡
ͬʱҲĪЩᡣ
ΪħȻҪһλֹ̲סᡣһһ룬ϾѪѪԼҲԼ޵Ȼʱ
ĵԼԼеĵԺٴħ
СȡһƯСӣ˺еϡ
˵ʲôһ̧ͷͿħ²չ˵Ĵ
ӣħеϲ̰ȫ޷Σ𣿡
ޣ
ûش𣬱ħһ߰˰ٸеĻҼ
ޣ
ࡢٸ
ջԼղĪᡣ
ûشǬͳʮͬʽͬƽʱûʲôõСӣ޽СǷħģۼϲҡͷβȥڵˣЩЦԷǵĸо
Ȼʼ룬ԼҪħʲô¡
ҪħŵԼԼĺԲȥΪ𣿵漰߰˰ٸ֮ħѼලħԼҲ֤᲻
ϾѪҪȥ鱾Լʵǿ
˼Ƭ̡
ôһ룬ȻȻȻ뵽Լ֮ǰǷڡʦħĻܻ¡ϡ
ȻԽԽǸһһ˫ĺ⡣
ԣħԺ⧲ʵʲôµ𣿡
ħȻЦһЦǿ˼꣬µġ
˵һ룬ͻȻ뵽ԼǰѪծתһ룬һһ룬Ҳ£ֻˣǾǿ˵꣺ڣ
Цص˵ͷôҪֵˡ
ħĪһصԤС
Ҫ˵飬ܴ̼Ҳܼ֣пܻıһ
һ̣ȴԲŮҪȥħħİϣþȫ缸ڻΣ
ӦŮ油̫࣬ͼڶѣ
ħ



116 
ħԼڵ顣
˵ʲô¶ãôһһھǻħأ
Ҳ²µ⣬ħЩĹͦλ˵ͦģһϦˮʹǺ۵̰ħҲôһ顣
ٴ˺ħĴ۵С״̬
˶ã޳ɵ˰ɣ
ô£غ棬ħ̷Ǹµ⣬ǡ
Ļû˵꣬ͻȻԽޣԶ
޸飬ʶ˸ȥΡ
׼ȷ˵ֱ˿̣ſɽӡ
ȷʵһ··ľͷȻ쵽˴˴ɽڣҲͬһ···Ȼƽ̹ȻǷЩġ
˿̣һ޺ĺڶ·Żɽķн
ǰĶҪӴЩȻһ·־˼䣬Բ˸Ƕġʧٽƽħ塣
һн˾ħԶλãϵ˱ѾͣȻΪħѺʹ˿ֱ̬ЩԾ
ȲһţкڶħʹڲԼٹߵס
ħˣһĹѾѡ
ħᶯ˶ȻǾЩڶħʹûҪĲΣֻü򵥵ĶԼ˼
ſ
Щججһ·Լδ֮·ԼΪħʹ½ģħƽǣ⧲ر䲻ħ޴Ľɫ˫ۡ
ǰϦħʵһ֡ħ塱롰ħޡٽϣƫı߸࣬ڸߵħľѹƣλǿħ޵ȻѹƣǶֱܹۺظܵ
ЩħƽһѾħȻ嵽ڵأֵصͷ­ڵϣ޷
ħ̽Щڵħ塣
ħĶͻȻʶڶħ˵ġԭȻЩƽħ壡
ѹһƱ·ԭ·ľͷȷʵ
ֻǻǮ̫˵㣬ԽλҲ΢ǰЩֱӵħͷϡ
ħһΪ˵ǡĳ̶ֳ˵ֱΪƷ
ħȻҪʳġ
ʵڵҵļҲУҲħλħޣҲġ
Ѿħʳ˵ľ޴ħڽʳʱֳĶʵ̫󣬸ߵħǵȻƽǵħʱɲԼ
Աиߵħġ֮
ԽħϢŨ֮ˣԽħ޵ĶӣʧرԵħ壬ǳɱСġ
οħԱһΣһʧħǧǧ򣬲һ硣
ħùܹӺζ֮Ծ¶ˡ
㣬ʡ£ǶһϢ뿪ԼбصĻɽڡ
ߵħħȡ裬ֶΪ
仰˵ģǡʱʧصħ壬ҲãȴҲֻ
ħʿȻӦӲܣϾ۴ʲôǶ˵ħ¼һˣвͻС֡
˱ۣ̣Լ񡭡
һìܵ顣
Ϊһ·ħУ۵һͻȻã壬ж
ĽǶ˵Щħ֮Уʧħ޻Ҳضǵĳͷ֮һ
ħЩ˵Ĺ֣ԸҲѡ
ͬ˿ǰЩħ塣
һ̣ǻϣΪԼϾҪʻԼħȻһ̣ǵѾϢѲ⡣
жЩǻȥԺ᲻ɱʿ᲻ȥ
ΪδпܻᷢĶ񣬶ھǱħֱɡ
ʵ˵ħЩħ壬óԡͻȻڵ
ħĶס
ֱԺģϸȥĻ޵ָħĺצһϸ΢ġ·ԲſֱӴ
ħŨħϢ棬һʮǰЩħ塣޼׻׻յֻҪȥħץħԡô
ħһЩԥ
̰бթȴʵҲ档
Ʃʱ֪ǱŷҪӦ飬Ϊȥħӳ롣
̰ȻҲ̰ǰЩ˺üˣȷʵͳˡ
ôͱü鷳ҪȥħһӦǾ̫Զۣ֮ħԼ¶ֺ鷳
ǡΪԼץħٰħħԸ䣬ԷҲû鷳ˡ
ǲں˵˵ͼħúν
һãֳԱϵѪԼ˵׬ˡ
ħһ˼ÿС
һԱȣǰСħǶʱԵĿ
ʱ̾˿ʵ֮ǰҿץЩĹˣǷɸѡħϢŨһȥħֻЩĲдƷֱ̫ɶˣ
ħ
ѹԽԽѳˣоȻôһ磡
ħͻȻͣٵʱЩڶħʹѾʮֽˣǲĸڳ˴
˶˸ɫҪħͨչԼʱȴħٿ̧ͷٷһŭһħ˳ȥ
ȫû뵽ֻħ˱꣬ӻɽж˷£ŻЩڵϵĺڶƽħ壬ĵԼҲǾˡ
һ̣ħѾչᡣ
ħص
Ÿʲôˡ


117 
ʱħȻһ㶼Ϥȫץħ·ǰС
ЩħеģЩͬȻЩֻʹøֶΣѾڿʱϻ̳ϿֵڵأʲôʲôһԴˡ
ʱЩһ޵ɻ͸ȴʱûʱ˼ΪҲ˴˴ĺڶħʹսʧħ壬ȥĴħ֮һ顣
һ·Զ׺Щħ֮ûҪǮ·ҲûһƱһӣħͷ¹ʡ
ڸʱǰģħĴħ֮һġѪ
Ѫ֮ǰʱһΪֻ֣һš
ǰĺɫСɽ͵̽һͷվʱ򣬸ʱЩĿɿڴض򵽣Ѫһֻӵкɫëݵĺɫͷڵģ˼ģ󹫼
˵ʱ򣬱Ǿ޴ħٳϣЩЦʱ򣬴˶Цǻȱ־ס
ȻĴУԲʱ
һѾؿǰĴ󹫼̲סͷһһʵرЦ˳
ģôħһֻ󹫼
ʱȻ֪ѾħƯħϣ磬˿ĺ뺰һ󹫼
Ҳһ̲סЦġ
ȻȻѾǿĴħ֮һˣǰֻҲȻĳϰԡ
ԼϵСƵͷĳ档
ħһݡһ㣬󹫼ʵҲϰʳš
κ̫ã̫ǿЩڶħʹŽʧħϳڵأδɽĹǽһ̵ĳ壡
Ȼ󹫼ڵصĺڶ䶯ζӣ
ͷǸħʹûӦѾͷĳĴ󹫼һͷ
ʣµĺڶħʹٿӦʲôϵվȴȻûü󹫼һһ׼ۿȻڶħʹСӾҪȫûʣµǸħʹڱͻȻ뵽ʲô
ʱϵЦⶼûɢͿ˴󹫼ľ֮٣ȻһڶԼķɱ
šüѳʡ
䣬ڶħѾѳ˼أ֮ǰ˫Ŀг˾㵣룬طôỹбˡ
Լŵģͳ㣬ôɱˣʱĪ
δȴоԼСȱʲô˲䡣
ʱЩӲصͷһֻëףƲӲӣʵѾͨСʵЩ̬ɰСĸ۰Ͱ͵̧ͷд˳ݺ͸л
һֻСĸжʵЩ졣
ʱҲڶˣǸħʹʵΪץֻСΪʣв󹫼ס֡
ëס̫ССĸܾǰֻѪС̡
˵ħޣʱҲûڸĸǰɱ̵ȤǰĺڶħʹҲûˣһЩʧħҲ񲻺õĳѪ˸䣬սʣԼҲûʲôȥıҪˣתҪߡ
Ȼһ̧ͷȴղŻһĳѪ֪ʱתԿǣĿƵؿĿ⣬Դƺò˼ôԼ˰죬Աˣи©֮㡣
ʱ
ӻü
ȻδһսǴ򲻹ģĹߵѶҲ
ֻǴ˴ز죬ССֲڻ£Ĵħ֮һĴսȻܱȽϺá
ţʱɫؽ˽ϣԼűߵСĸȴͻȻաһ
󹫼жʱͣס
Сĸգգգ
󹫼ա
ʱȻԲⳡָĽֻܸоѪϵɱɢȥԷ͵һͷնĲкҲɨˣȻ̧ͷ
࣬㱣ϷӣϷһ󡣡һʮϵڸʱĵϸϸֱ棬ͷһաмơ
ʱ
ʱ
ٻͷ󿴣ȷϴ˴ĹˣҲֻԼűߵСƺǰĴ죬֮һ
ɶɶ
ӣ
ӻûһצָͷ𣿣
ʲôӰͯ𣿣
ʱŬԼڳѪעԵһЩ
ҪԵôû档
ȻϣôȷʵûⲻѪĴħ޲ܱСֻߣɰСƣܱ
ɤӣһ˲Ϣ֮Ѿ⣺ȥħ

ħһȾİףİϣаʶϣ·Ҫƶ˸䡣
Ϯ׶Ĭϵعڷ֮УڰеĹͻȻƴһ㶯
ǵ㶯ϸ΢·Ӥĸ׸ʱתˮɵİβ
ÿһ㶯ᱻϸŵؼ¼ٱһ֮¸İ׶ħʹж룬ٽݱݽħϡ
ǧҲʮ䣬ȴ֪ΪιΪλڽ
˵Ҳ֪ǲǸһЩչüĿЩֵ꣬ĴѾ֮ǰҪࡣ
һλİ׶ħʹվڰߣ˿ȴδ쳣ɵɻλܻ춯֮ʱϴΣԼһǰǴΣǵ𣿡
࣬һλѾ˰׷ħʹ׵ȻʮǰһȺ˸УȻ˲ˣ˳ĸ֮١
մ˿̣ǳɣҿʲô仯ѽ׶۾ŬǳȻջĿ⡣
ջĿͬʱͻȻ˶٣ֿĳ򣺡ҵĴ⼸շɳôﳾˣ
׷ħʹֽ̧ǰĴϣշɳʹ߰ɣȻǳ춯Ͳٿˡ滹мͽħǽоء
ˣħ嵹ʡħڶԷ󣬷еļ¼ʧάҲܺãϣиý
֮䣬ȫƽħоĶˡ
ȻһνġȴоĶҲǴħرɸѡʧħ壡
£ûٿ⡣
ϸ࿴һۣͻ֣ᷢЩķɳУкӰȶž޴˫һҲзɳһĨҲħķХ
αħһֻǣԼ˺üŷۿǰ
ħչнףһỬ˲ϢʮüȥǾħԶʵҲʵڲԶ
̫òѣ;ȻɴһηĻ
ǲ·̫ûΧ仯ˡħдʣղźգٶҪֻˡ
ħģ϶ҲͬһȼħޣֻΪѪħˡ
޺ΪʲôܲǴ򲻹ɣ
ħЦһһֻ񲻺õı̬Ϲˣ˵ץֻͯɣ̫ˣϹıûУĵϹ۵ģҵСӵĹҼҷ޻أ

ϷԴӣѾܾûѲӹˣҲǺ¡Ѫų̼죬Ȼֻֻצκ󣬵ȱȷŴֻȱҲ˻ʱҲ˲ϢӴôǰôҪذϷɲǸյ
ò˵ħ֮İԻͦˡ
ʱɤӣ״ʵйڣ
ǰյ̵ӳÿμϷҪϷһĻ߰˰ٸӣͺͳһ˵ϷҲ̫£ͷԵػȥӣЩˡѪ˵Ѫ켦ӱ߶߲̫ļҲѹһܵƣ㶮İɣϷмҵļҪ˼һЩ󡣡
ץ˺ϷҪˣ


118 
ħ⵱Ȼ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ǵΪʵЩŵĺڶħʹҪһЩ
ֻħʹʵѿħĻһвҪͨϵܶ񣬲ָܱɵһȺû
Ͼôˣħ򶼴ħľͳ£ҪȵĻ±ʳеǻҪݡ£ӡ
ħλã˵ˣվվڣֵܿվţʵĵͿС˼֪ɵĶȥˡ
ֵصħʹֺüÿһξ벿һԶһħʹѿħĨɫ
һգħִ֮ڵħʹҲƽһ죬ضڷ
ֱͻȻһվȣҡһ¡
ħʹСӳע⵽˵ĳУĵСҲˣұ˴˶֪֪׵ģ˭ҲٺΪѱˡ
ôԵĶӶĻСӳϺδ棡
Сӳü˹ȥʲôأվˣעִڣ
һµǸħҲĪײҷΪȷʵڷҲ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻһΡ
˵Ƿͷء
ֻǵվãһ͵
Сӳ컹ҪȴܽһħʹСӳҲڻΡ
ƨôܡſֵطȥֻǲ˸ͷСӳ;ֵط֣ڻΣ
εĲֹǰСӵˣǽµĵأ
Բۣǵض𣿣˺֪Ӧסӣն𣺡ħûеضˣǵĵضԤʲôţҪҪ𣿡
ͷ֪ܣʲôȥСӳҲնһ߼һ飬ĸҪ
Ϯڶ񼱼ڿգûüΣȴֻͷհӰ
ʲôХƺһŮӵ
ǣ
ǸյĶźХķ磬ֱӽյĲħ塢ħޡǽߵĶȫ˸飡
СӳһƬתз˳ȥ
ʧȥʶ֮ǰĳЩ̮ʯĹ䣬Լʲô־޴ӹʡ
񡭡
Բۣ
ħһȳԼľƿȨ
ȻҲʮֲϲԼߺͳȶΧӰ˵İèղһ¸ûȻˣħҲȷʵûйһ˵
޼в۵ĶˣҪҪԼ
ȷʵиħʹնһεħʹѾϳħݣȻھ壬ȴȻֱֱħǰе·ϣ˴ħˣǰɾħˣ֮ǰйЭ顭
ǣǲǱȸȥЩħζˣ޸Է˵Ļᣬ
ڶħʹ
ʲôζ
ԣΪʲôħ˵
⵱ȻԶ׼ġ
ܹפڴˣħԻħʹΪȻӻЩħʹͬնڵħҲŨħѾɵˣﻹȥʲôЭЭ顣
ЭծҪ
ζҪ
ûС
ħֻǶݵͣ٣Ȼһħʹź;Уſ졣
籡˸޿ɱܵĻɫħ֮ϣѾ𳹵׵ȼħʹһ¡
ħľ׽̲סտζ˼𣿡
ħšһȻ⣬پӵչ
ħѾۿɼ

ô£Ϸһʱ䲻ߣôɳô󣿡ѪǲϷҪ·ˣ
ʱۼֿѪܷػϾǴ졣
ѪԸʱķ⣬ųҲ˼֣ѾʩʩȻرԵһԾ˫𶯣ǳ˷һԾʮ䣬ңңѾħĨɫ
˹ˡѪЩƵϷǵ⹷طĳӻͦѽôһûУϷ˳ڴϷֳĶվò𣿻˵Ϸıþòʣħ˶Ϸͣһˣ
ȻѾħķΧڣһﻤҲǵ˾ͷʱĵһֻ󹫼ıҪлѪݽ𣬶ȴͻȻ˷
̫̫ң̫ХȻǰһ·۶ķ磬̫ơ
ˣѪȻҲˡ
һһͬʱ̧ͷ
һֻ޴ħһХħﻹЩ׽䶯ĶȻոմҪǰȥ
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ħδϣħȴѾ͵һ

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ħѪѾ棬Ȼע⵽ͷǵ
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óȣûѾģ
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ħԲգܱӮ尡˭ħ֮
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119 
죬ëҷɣѪȻҲֻһУֻһĳɢļëٿѪɫļ̣ħ
ëɢһأ죬£һʱ֮ҲԽм̶ڻ
壬ħŭХһҶ壬չ
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ԼļڽѾ԰ջһӰǷɣӸ߿նԲŮ˸
˵ʲôԨ⼱ܿһ棬ȻҪⳡϵħԶһ㡣
޿Ԩͼһ£
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Լ˿ǡʱᱧڻеƣôְ§ԷĲֱӣԽʱļͷħķȥ
ϸķĶ΢ڸʱĶͲĦǽڸʱϣΪܵغµȥ§øЩ
һܣɳڣҷǷȻϡ
ʱıȻֱͦ·޵Ķһ̣ѾȫӲԭأеӾʧֻʣԻŮĹ׽
̫ˣܸܵĺʹϴϸ
ʱЩʱ˵سǷ糾ͣҹ̣ڳħϴôãΪʲôϻô㣿

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ʱǸӽӲԾ΢΢۾ѵóЩհ׵Ȼ顣
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˵ļ䣬ֻǻ棬Ҫģߡ
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ͨ
ĳһ̣ٿһ
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ȴûлشԨУʦڵͼħʦڵλãħ
Ҫȥ𣿡ʱͻȻʵ
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ħʹƣ˳ץһѣȷʵǽħõġһ΢ȴȻö𣺡Ҫˡ
㶣Ŵӳħ뱯Ԩе˼ﻺع
ȻŹֺ֪طӦ
ڸʱ
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ңᱧһ·˶ʸϣ֮ľ롭Ҳʵǹˣ̲סЩպ졣
Ҳ֪ΣĳȽԱֻԼûи
ɿ죬ֻöĨѾѸϯĲա
ĵŬһ㣬΢֮ľ롣
Ȼһ̣Ԩһθ£
ԨĽǶȺǵꡣ
жħĹ˴ʱĹӰ߲ȴ׻ǻ͸磬Ͷħ׵ı档
ԨǡЩ߲õӰһ·ߺͣǰ
ʱ֪ʱ̳һڶԼϣ˳㵱ȻҲס޵ΣȻԨ˾ҲΪΡ
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䲻ĶУ޵ˣֱ˿ֽ̣ʱյطУϸϸģ
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Ҳ֮೤ʵӱԨһڣʵҲʮնѡ
޾Īùȥ˺ܾãΪԼټʱĵ׻ֹסطá
ʱΪλЦⰻȻҲ̲סĪҪҲ¶΢Ц
ȻͻȻüһЦ۾ҷ𣿡
޵͵һģĪ֪ʱʱȴѾɿ˫ء
ȴҲĵ棬ħĳ۵Ĵ棬΢͹ĵط
⴦͹̫Сչţ
ͳһڶ񣬸޼ͷٸϸöññǰص嶼ƽ
޸ǾѾϤ˵ϢΧȴֻֻƯ֡
ǣε֡
ˣԨѾԭԺҲǣˡ
Īð뷨ʱȴѾʮȻǣ֣ЦСʦֻܵ´ٻشˡڣҪԿܴܲȥ
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һŲԶȥȻǡӹ˴˴Զȥ
ʱٵƬ̣ʶȻ̽ȷˣ롣


120 
ħ֮УҡҷɫİıյӰ涣ӰҰڣȴҲ㹻
ȻڵɫƤΪ׵ħȻһޡ
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ħȻΪħᱻӰ죬ԲƾֻħԼļſ˴֣Ҳȥܵġ
ֻħѣƽʱǼ֣֦ǻЩôȻֵħǰЩ̫͵ЩħѾĴ𣿣
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ħдеĸоеǱʱڸɽСУһŷһ䣬ٻǵ·ǿѹ飬ڼĸо
һ죬ʱţҳȴ븵ʱУ´磬޾ɫ
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121 
ըǿ϶Ҫըġ
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ֱʱԤ˲ĸо޶е㱻˵Īա
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ʦǰʵ
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122 
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123 
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124 
Ȿʵûʲôġ
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Ÿƾδȹ̣Ԫĵ˾ңȴΪ޳ſһƬֻΪš
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125 
Ŀԡ
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ʱϲܳϣֻԪҵģҲģ⣬𣿡
ٽؽеڸʱϹ˸飬ɿָһ
ȻڶĹŮʵǿɰʱ鲻ԽʢЦ⣬̲ס˴ǣȴûЦֻУȻУСʦôҶС
Ƣֺ˵ȴĬϢģЩͷɥոƭģŵ趼ҩʦֲصġ
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޶˶٣ʦ֣ԲҸղе㡭еסҲǹҪġҡֻǡ
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Ϊ׽ĵܵܡɸʱأѾڲ֪Уʱ֮
ףһֻѾͷϣֻȣͷ˳ĳȥķңָ˸Ȧɿ
ʱһҲûϵ֪Һܸˡ
ЩȻ̧ͷ
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Ȼʦ˵ˣԺҲܹĴʦֵģ
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б˵ͬʱٶ˶٣һЦ
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ʯмһ·ںڽӹĲӰƮɢʱһԻ
ʦ֣ҲкööʯҮʦֺ
á
һ
ʦ֣ҪҰöʯոƾҪ𣿡
áǵöھܾ󣬶˶٣ֲ֪ΪηˣҲǲԡ
һֻʯС˹̽ǰĴԣٽʯ˵һ顣
ƮʯмЩҪХĲӰм׺һߣһ·ӵԨߡ
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ʱ˳ֽϮıԨħʹͱ˸ԴԨ⽣ӰݺᣬҪ޳֣˵ߴǬͳһСӷϸдһ֡
ʱɱһ룬ϾЩظչıӾȻغ񣬲ɵüר˵𣿡
֣غ˱ӣˣҲȫˡȻҪϸ
ʱƬ̣ĿǸ϶˶٣ջؽͻȻܾǰҲ仰
Щ̧ͷȴʱѾջĿ⣬˺棺߰ɡ
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ԭ۾Ļٿһĺڶ
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126 
ȻԱԨΪ󣬽ôҪħȥ򣬻Ƿ֮ȻҪһ⺣
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ħţɽڰνն̫֮ƽ˲ңҲˡЩԼ׳ɵ顣
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ֻصһڶħʹֻ˵ڶӵ˻۾ʵЩħʹαװ£Ŀġ
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ңͬʱĹʱıԨзƽ˾֯ںеĴ֮ǰƸƴ࣬ǰķΧ㣬ȻлƾӰ졣
ʱһںУĿ˳ĴңңģȻĿ֮ҲлӰȴѾܸܵңңġԪаѹ
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˶٣޵۾׻ǵֻǡǶ飬ţǳ˵һ̶ȵľȡҪǿҲǿұİ취ġ
޵˵ͷָ̧֣Ķ˷⡣
Ҫ̽ǰȴ뵽ʲôʱһֻ֣ʦץңһʲôٳ֡
ʱסļͬһʱ䣬⣬תͷĵķⴥǰıԨ

ĳ˲䣬޾ãǰĴƻ˹ӭ
ֹ̧ķһ˲ǰѾٿһڣ
ʶս˸ʱ֣ȻʱȻֻʣȻһˡ
ǰǹϤĻ뻭档
ӶɽڵĺһԾʱվһƬɳ̲ϣ˿̣Ȼٴλص
ȻγƽǰҬӵǿҬͶµӰӺƶûб·˴չԶǴһ䡣
޳Ƭ̣ҪǰȥʦлǷȻǿҬϣȴѾһҬӴϱ
һӰƾճְ㣬סǿҬӡ
͵ضס˽Ų
ȻһΣֻһԹߡ
סҬӵģǴµСŮƲ꣬ݰ𪣬һ˫ںڣȻСȴѾһ׵ģͷıʵЩŤŤҲ֪˭ա
Ҳ̫⣬ͶһͷʵעĿıӣͷ˿ԼҬӣٿ֣һָ͸ҬӿǣٱҬӹ˹˵غ
Ժ£ͽ˺ҬӿǣҬҲϸ˸ɾǿҬһɤؿڡ
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СŮӰʧÿһγֵʱ򣬶õһϵҬӣظ˲֪ٴΣҲ𽥳һЩüĿҲ΢һ㣬΢е졣
޻ûΪ죬Ѿ˾СŮѾٴγˡ
һΣ෢ᣬҲԵúǱǰеĹû˴룬¶϶дСС˺ۡ
һǳһŵ˹ҬӵӹԺƿҬӵĶȴһ˿صľ
һҬҲ˸ɸɾԺµСŮȴûߡ
ЩãȻرſŵҬӣССһţͻȻڵүүûмˡСħϮҵĴӣˣҲΪ˱Ҷˣ֮ǰҪһغ˵ˣֻҪصоˡ
˼ôôҡҪôص̧ͷҲûڴʲôӦֻЩҲ֪Ӧ˭˵ң˲Ƕβ𣿿ѽ
ҬĬ˺ܾãһ
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һƺڷҴ䣬εлϣ²ҹܣˣȴҲܲܡǡģΪ˸л硭ָ𡣡
СŮȻ׺Ϊָ𡱣Ȼ̧ͷ΢΢ſ죬һʱ֮Ҳ֪ڴүүȻĻӦԼΪûмôƯˣʵǿˡ
ƺ˿̲ʶԼôġүү˶ĿĿ꣬ɵСԭүүǡ硣
ҽл𡣡ӢҲĳνַֻ̧СŮͷϣҲֱ֣߰ɡ
Ӱá


127 
лǣСŮ֣߽һһĴÿһһǱ޾Ĵš
ȷʵ˵Ļ
¶ŮһѪ֮Ȼ侲Ĭһİҹɱ֡ŮбΪбӰӻй¶١ٲҲȣ·ʺѪ֮СȻףȻ̧ü֣Ѫš
޾ѪЩ͸ʯµ䣬𽥱ѪɫŨŮЬƿЩдɫʣɵѪɫ϶ȻӰ㣬Ӱȥ
л𡣡غ֣һİɫγ˹־ҷЦݣʲôѽ
лĬƬ̣ʲôУֻҪġ
ŮЩʧ䣬ȴûзֻлͳһֽֽд֣ȻǸʳףȻ滭˸Ĳ棬ȴǵã˿ڴ
Ѿ𽥳ҲЩĬԣڿлʱȴȻй⡣
ҲڴпԼΪλеЩϤ
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ЩΪһһλ˯еԼģê㡣


128 
ǵƣͬһʱ̣̲ĳصѡ
մƬƬذɳ̲ϣһЩӨɰЩɰȥǷ·ǳٱЩ䱳ĺУ
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лȴĸԸų쳾쳾
Ը볤ٳΪػš
ҪֻҪһ
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޳Ĭá
û˵ԼݣΪлܻȥʲô븵ʱһۣתͷл
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мϸˮǱлķȥ
л֫Ǳֱ½֮УȻطؿڵλá
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Զ˶٣
ҪһѿͨڱԨԿס


129 
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ʦֺʦ۵׺˿ܲѵõϢڣ˵̬ȴȻƽղɱħȺʱҪƣһЩ
ѾˡĨĨͷϵĺ飬ɳƣǰƬԼϤĺ򣺡£ûκħ޳֣Ҳ
û˵ȥ˼Ȼ
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ȻղԼĽϣŵʱĽԪȻתȻ˺һƬˮ
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ʵʵͷȷʵûУ񲢷ʦŪġ
ʦͷٿȵȣħ޳Ҫ˰ɣ
ʦֵҲ˲Ϣ֮ħ޳Ϯ֮ǰԤס
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Īǲħޣħ壡
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ˢˢָˣԶ֮Ӱ֯ǣĳתڰеķ⣡
ʱָΪɢĽɢһֻСִ̽סҡҷĽ⣬ָһ
гһصȻ
һǽĽҲǱصĽɢ֮ʱס΢ٵ졣
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Ŀзοȴˣɲˣǹߵģóÿķ÷һ롣
ŭתͷ˵Сͷӣſڿӣ֪ô顣
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130 
ȻƬ̣ԪߣŷԼȷʵϵԲŵһ
׳Ƭ̣ʵʦǲǡƾٶе죿ǰ˵һںϵ𵤣Ҵ̤ϵ;Ҳһʱ䣬㾹ȻѾϵҡײƾôҲҲˮ
ԽԽСٴ˵Ȼ
Ͼ߾վһˮĴʦ֣οƾˮĳֶĵ٩
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ܿüȵȣµʲô
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ΪԼĲ²⣬ǣڿʱеĳİûзϡ
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޵Ŀ毺õ϶Ƭ̣ʵ̫ɫĳϣѾµ˶Է˭
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֮Լǵ֣һȻΪȷʵһ棬ΪǱľԼǰļ䣬λϻĵһŮ裬ΪĽĺһԱ
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һȥͺ˹ϵ
ڣڰڼ޺⣬һʱ֮벻ԷûбԼ򵽱ԲԲ״̬ƾ
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131 
赱ȻҲ˵λϰһǷޣǰųһϵĴʦ
Ϊ˺޽֣˶ɽڵʱʵѾﰵй鱨
Ȼɽڵһ޵Ҳ˵ӳî
ռϢڣ
СʦðţƣţƼˡ
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ţţ
һȱţơֳ⣬ɶɽڵɨäˮƽ׵ĸ̶ȣôɽӶֻ˵ְ
һ죬ֶȰյڵϣⱲҲˣȻСʦóˣҵȾͺˣ
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˻֪ԼѾɫɣһ˵һ߻ȡһ޴ˮǰؿԼģ
裺

ݰˮǸɫĹ˭
ֵۣ˵ʲôʶѾٿƬհס
ֱֱȥ˹ȥҳһ̫Сײ
飡


132 
С¥֮ϣ滨һϮµĶʦֶĳһϣϸضԼǰһ֦·֦ϴŵĲʲôĳֿ涾
ע֮£֦Ȼ˼΢һѡ
֦ϣһС顣
һֻͨϵӴ֦̽ͷȻغõĶʦۼֿ쵫СŽӼ𣬷Žһ׼õĴ͸Уٷɿغ˸ӣ˿
ʦ̽ͷ̽Եؿʲô
ʦ־Ц棬򵥡
Сж಻򵥣ʦĵöʦ˵򵥣ǵǶôҵĶ
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öʦָĶϺŵʥŮ裬ⶾԼʹʦˣɹ̫ѾɫϺ죬ôⶾߵȡʦ꣬ĿѲȥеǸϣ裿ҲóöҲܱ𣿡
¿ǰɫС棺
ʲôҶûʦЦһüɫ裬ɷüҷ˿дԵúͽ֮һҸҳƵڶ±޵һʲôģǰʦҲÿҵղա
˵߶һŴѶҲǺԼⰡ
Ǳߺܿš
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ʦСʦֵɫЩע⵽ʲôȵȣûаɣ
аʦֺСʦòǸһ𣿡ʦ޹ֵ̯Ȼûˡ
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ʦܣ
ǣʦողǻ˵ԼµһôỹҪʥŮ֤Լˣ

߶ʦֲſʼ̾ݱƽҩǱ޵ȵʦٵĻرĵԼȻȴҲսﲻܡ
Ů̫ɫͺΣգ޲Ҵ⣬òײŽ͵ĳĴϡ
ĿǳؿɫŮΣհɣ
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ٸһЩЩľŭȻ㱾֮ˣҲ޷
֮ϣֻ˵ħһˣҪеĳŵƳӡߵ͡Ϊϣֻһ졣
ͬ١첻ѡ񡭡ֻ˵ͼΪ졣
⣬һϦħԭ򡣡


133 
ۡ
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ͻȻеΪЩԷֱԲظԼһЩֻ˵Ϊ˵÷Ψһܹڵ
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ԭľͷıɺͬ
ܹⳡռϷ磬ǵͼΪ죬½ɵħʤ㡣
죬졣
ħ񣬵һֿƬ½ʷλ𣬸һ֮ܳħĴڡ
˵Ĵνž޵ţλһˣԳеŵȫ
һѡһԪڣͼȡ죬Ϊν֮·νħࡣ
ŭԴħ֮ʱγɿɲʾ䲻ء
л޵ɫѾ֪˲Ϣͨ£ɵ¶һĨο΢Ц
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뵽ʲôĬƬֱ̣ʵɱǡʦ𣿡
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˵ڵҵһ죬ͷ
һץһֻƯ΢ĺݳָúݣһ죬ȻŽöݵݵ
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ٿѣ޳һƬڰ֮УҪȻ˷ӿһƬߵĺͻˣȻԾĳĳ֮С
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ڱϷţ޳˼Ƭ̣׻˶ʦֵĽ̻壬ͳһöӰ飬˽Ƕȣֻ֤Ӱ貱ϵĲ֣ͳ˶ʦּĽⶾ衣
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ȵʱʱյʱʷ׳ʵɫٿȥָԭķɫ޵ŮҲ͵ۡ
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ȻҲֻ૵ˡιȥˡϣȻĶж죬ܽҶιȥĶ
ȻˣеطɿӰ飬ӽǬ¶һеɰͰ͵Цݣ˵һ亮ѵķϻ
תߣЩֱضޣ޼е㷢ëˣĵλãлл㣬ӽҵʦܸܵҶһ¥ܿҪҵǸްˣҳҾһɵưϺţʱʦڻ£
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134 
˵λŮʲôҶʦ֡
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˼أԼӰ飬ֲýʦֹֻܸЦһίб˸ҵģ˵Ķʦˣҡ
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ԭڣ޾ԼгֵġһϺźıҪԡ
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貢һֻСķԼسŵһСƿѪײʵСƿݸޡ
ϣֻӵҵѪǵĸ˵úأҵѪĺ󣬵ǸˣȥʲôԣҾʡ
Ҳ֣صؽӹƿѪźã׻Ǻ˭
ҵЦһݺݵһĺ

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ôҪȥһϮµСһԹϵľѶһСӣǼôִ¸³ϣôǮֲǰ׷ģȥ治ȥϱ߰
ĸһɵض裺㲻Ծ
ǽţ˸ȴੲݣ㲻Ҫң֮ҲȥҲҪȥȥﶼԣĺҶ⣬ϱߣϺǸط˭ȥ˭ȥ裬ȥ
ĸʲô֮ǰȥʱ˵ҪϺķ飬ôôͱˣʲô飿ǡʶʲôˣ
ҲǣûУﲻҪ˵վãڰתҪܡ
ȴĸĵ㰢ϺţһûˣͲ氢￴ò𣿡
費Ծͣ½ŲȥﲻΪʲôҪȥǶ
ĸ⧲ʵϲʲôŮӣ
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ĸţ


135 
ǱĸִȻĿĶӣͣȥϺŵﻹ߸װʯƷǬ
ĸ˼˵ǼʯǬԶ㣬Ҳһ͸˭ϾݼбܲСˡ
Ȼ˵仰ʱĸ鶼ʮ΢ָ
ü૵ɶŶܲ͸ǸŮްɣGԣΪʲôһ뵽ҵĿǱߵģҪҪá
ָܿ϶һģҰڣԿĿ϶ң㶼һˣεңпɽˣ
ˣһҲˣͷҲˣˬشӻͳһƱڰһӣ·ȥҲ
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תһ£תͷʱ˯˺ü죬ɴʦȴȫûϢȥȻûȥ÷ѩôԶȴҲҪһʱ䣬ʦҪϢƬ𣿡
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㶮ʲôԪ׿ݼҵλС㡣Ҷһڷ٣ǲԣԶҪݴСһĳ
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䣬ȴСһִݼйˣۻܳԿ࣬Լ׬ǮԼˡˣŮǰһԣ
ʱЩ۾̽ſִ¡
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ʱ鲢ô⣬ֻһ䣬ɨһۣջĿ⡣
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ʱЩľؽӹӣȴڽɲǣǰСѹ׷ɱҪ𣿲ڻشңһڷᰲߵһ죬ʱԡһһֱġ
Ŵ࣬峺ϵǳζڴɲ븵ʱıǶˣղƯʯ貵Ĺߡ
ʱͫ΢õؿƯıʯٷ·˰ջĿ⣬ҧһİӡ
Ӻܺóԡ
ԹʢʣһмȻȲϴʱ˿̣еһڰӡ
Ϊٿŭ̮ڰԨ󣬵һΣҲΨһһθܵģů
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136 
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Ѿǣôˣɴʱ˿ֻ̣֪΢ǰ̽һָͿԴϤ¶ȣԷҲ
ʱȴ˺ܾãҲûǰԽһ㡣
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ˡ
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ˡԨ⵱ȻǸʱģʦȻ治ɫϹԨ⽣ɡȻҲǽӽˣһε飬Ҫ¾Ρ
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ʱһ˵޲ŵһ̽ͷһۡ
ҰѾӺ߱һС
˵СʵҲСҰＸѼСı߽磬д֮Уż̻ڼ䣬ȻϺš
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жϤϢڿ
ЩȻǰɡѵɽһߣ𣿡
˸ո˯ѵתͷһЦǣճֵ˳˵˴ϵĵһ򡣡
վڽ۱ϣͷʵСӭɢչ˫ۣӭҵϺף
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ĵϣ·ʵܹҲôοܹĴ·
Դ·֮ͣפĻͻԵʮԡ
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ҲãȻ԰ҼҵİôλʥŮһ


137 
ΪǴ߶£֮ʱҲԺᣬȻ޺ۣҲ˵棬һƬǡòƫеסȥ·
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ʹǰǧ÷ѩǼλܼһҲݼҵˣ汲ݼҸɻǾԵĸеĸͬʱҲһλѾʿߵһ㶼ǿ
λ̫ԵŮӡ󣬵ȻҲ֪ԷϺеĵλ֮䷢ôһ£ȷ϶Էûκζ⡣
οţԷֵ˽º͹¡
˺ͰЦ⣬΢ЦʥŮþò
廹ôͺáЦⰻȻǰ˿Լ̽ͷ̽ԵĶôֻпһѽ
ҳֻϣܽյʲôǸ˵ĻͲ˵Ļ
ôһ˲䣬ЩڣΪβԼøһЩʱ㵽λ¡
ܿ죬ʹͷֱ壬ֱͦ˱
ʲô
ܲɣ
ܵģڵģ
Ȼһˣ滹೵ִһͬǰϣһεĽҲ˳޳
費ϳԼԴʧġŶ˿ĵȴĪ˵صʧ䡣
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۶£ӽ۱Ե£ſͷЦЦ𾪵ĿһԾƿš
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ĪתͷǰҼҵġ
Լ֪Լʲôˡ
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ݵô࣬ûаϵҲҲɣ
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ϸ޵ϸȷϺ󣬲Ȼ˿ЩԹ˵һ㻨ǲôûһΪԼҪѽôУ׬ۣٶ໨㣬ԼҲ໨㣡ʲôãǧʡ
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Ȼû䣬ڴ֮ǰҲһҵĹӣʶҲ㡣
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谡˼žΣ޵ŵźֹ𣺡ôãۡǿɲ谡

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Ȼʱ˿̣û˹עЩȤζСϸڡ
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ȻһĪصаĽţע΢طһ޺͸ʱϡ
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ôţȻ֣λãٲȻҪУôǽΧ̬ƣǲֹۡ
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138 
һʱ֮䣬̺Ρ
ָӵؿ裬ĵԭ㾹Ȼʵֵ
ɿͷһԼ֣ЩŵգáĻҲҲǲУͰĵĶպã֤ڴʱܵ˺
ʱЩؿһ裬ȴһʹļȻؿַɿƿĿ⣬¶Լİ㣬ȻҪʸȻ
ָ΢΢飬ۣסеЦһЩĵײɵúڴҪλش⡣
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հ׵ͬʱҲʼȻ٣ǹȥÿһıʱǰ㣬Щ
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ŭӣ̧Ķ䣬谡ôͳѧᷴ˵̳ˣȷ˵һף˰ѽţ
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ޣ
һ̣ʱٿһֻ֡
޵ĶӦӣѾԼȥڴԷȵʱʶԼʲôתղŵʣɵһʱЩӲ
ʱȴδַֻ˹ϣٽֻǬģЦⰻȻСʦպáҵļ񡣡


139 
Ȼǰ㣬޲ȥڽѡԼ飬ֻҪ̬ǶģҪʲôһеȻɡ
Ҳȥ趼˵Щʲô
ȵһ죬Ȼ
޴ŸʱǸװʯġȻԼģֻ˶תתһȦֻص˵ġǬر
Ȿ۰ļҪģΪ룬˶Էȴֳĳֻͬ˸ʱ
Ȼ󣬸ʱ
пͷ·ǣ裬ʹʦ֡ȫ˿Ტ۵ĳһƽϡ֮ĹϵͬǷ⡭ȴ๲֮ͨ
ɼ˵ĺãѪȻĵ޽ᡣ
ôʦأ
޺Ƶ˿̲Źں֪ط֣ʦֺԼʶڣܺá
Ǽá
ʦ֮ĺã˳ȻȻġ
ʱ
Ʃ磬ʯġ
һǸǬƳĳָĺ塣
ϺŵͣʱûȻѾ̽йɽһ֪鱨ĥؿޣǿԳ˽۵롣֮֮λһ㲻ֿʱټ¡ֿеɽǰ
Ƿɫٴڶޱȵؿ裬׻һ˽ۡ
Щؿȴ˵ǶСûм㹻磬ϻкܶûмֻһʱѡ
ڷɶĿȴȻͣڽ֮£ѾǵµӰҪȥ£Ϻ磬ȵ߹ÿطȴϲʱ򡭡ܾңҲûɡ
ƯСӵŮתͷȻһЦСʦãҪһ㰢һ졣
˵һʼĪ˵ҪսʱǶŮõĻôһ̣ڶԷ峺ЦҲ·𱻸Ⱦ㣬ԷһЦݡ
ôĿԴ
ɫɽӰ涵ϡ裬ڿնʱӦԽãȻӹĳһȴͻȻĳӰ֮С
ǳƷǿΪλȵǿ͵˱Ӱĵؽ硣ȻʵɽϡҲٱӰˣû
˵ʵķָָʶ˳ָķ˹ȥ
ơ
Żɫضɱߵơ
ڻɽûϺűɽһɽ죬Ҳǻɽ˵վڰ£Щ߲ɬĻƾճ֡
ͬһʱ䣬˶ܵĳֲͬѰˡ
ɽȻɽ֮£ӦɽĵطȻתҽĻɽڣ
޵ٿڰյһ£˻עƬԼָ⣬ʶʲôϺҪħ޵ɽѹɽı
Щؿһۣ뵽һλĴʦֻ׵ǵģÿȶҪһɱħޣϵ󡣱Ͼһ˴ĻɽϺ¶ҪһѹĻɽҲϺŵְ֮һ
޳Ĭ˺ܾá
Ϊݼ˴ЩԭȥΪһּóϡҩݡȻҲ֪ˣҩΪƶɣЩʮָ߰ɲͬῴˣݼһݻȡһֱöͦ˳졣
ֱ˿̣˵һͻȻ֣ԭȻÿɡԼְڡ
ɱΣʲôÿһеĵǶΪְǰ̣岻ݴǡ
Ʃ÷һҽ󣬸ɽѹСɽµĴ󣬶ɽһߣѪɺҲ粽ˡ
ҲƩ˿̣費ǲȥ磬Ҳǲദ¶һӣǡְڣҪһɱܶħޣܼȼҪħ޵ĸ
ˡӽ£ڵϣٱ۾ſζٿǰ벽յλһȭ
ͬǰ޵һ븵ʱһͬһ㣬ǵǰٿĳصѿ¶һ羰ɫ
ЩϤĻѻȺңңӹ޼˵ʱʱ˵ĻֻиʬҰ֮Żлѻ֡ȻһƬɥлҰɢޣضҲϺŵĵӡ
ʮЩȻؿԭĻ̲סְ̧ԼĽϣԼϵĵһνʱĵҲĳصսС
һۣͬʱ˶Էһ޵
ս֮ϣһĳޡ
ԣħħֻΪ޵֮Ӧðν֮ѣѪĴڡ
÷ѩĥٳȥɽڣһ£Ϊгһգħħްν
޿ʱƯڻ𲻶ʱ·ɲǼת˱ʱվ֮ʱ
ʱһЦһֻ֡
ԲŮҲ̲סЦЦϵشֻǽڷ֡
ֻֽյͬʱԨ˸ʱУ޵Ҳסһֻʡ
һ̤ٲˣ롣


140 
ѻܻ֮ԭ
ӵĻɫ֮£ûʲôԳ棬ȻһƬ
һĵطʮ̲סס˿ڱǣǿסӵߵĿԣȴǺһ£ɫ΢졣
ʶɽСµѪһڲҵɱ¾ֻ΢ü󣬱ѾӦ
ѻЦ̧ͷעƬ̣ҵĴĻѻϴμģҪࡣ
ѻʳʬʱÿνʳ󣬱ٱһЩ˴ϺʿЩѻҲ֪Ѿ˶ʬ壬Ҳ
Ұ
ϺϺţҲдƬ򲢲ڣϺҲɳôĵȥԵȫҲķѵ㿴أҲδֹЩҪٵһ߻ɢǡ
ֻ˵Ҳǡ
ΪⱾɢ޵֮֮һɱǶһйϽȨҲֻΣ棬ҷųһЩй鱨ıҪѣЩѾ御
ԻɽΪ磬ɽһߵħ޶ѶԸްԻȥɽһߣҪҽᵤС˴μȻһĸ𵤣ܴһϵɣ
㶣ҲǺϵڡ
ûɸԪӤֶǣˣƽۺһ£𵤣𣿡
ʶ͵ǣֲΪ
ѽýҲǺ֪˻֣ڹϺֻһ򣬲Ҫ˯šΪ˯ŻĳصؾУȻ˯ŵͬʱħΣնԶ㣬Ϊֹܴ˯ˡϵ˵ûУû˵
˵ߴһʵİСƿе˼ŵ裬ֱݸÿˣʵ裬ѹͷ棬ͿԱѡǼסѵʱֻάգǴ˺ɢһҪյ޷Χ뿪
޵ĽͱϣֹƬ̣ӹѹͷµʱȴ־úƽⲻûʲôҪġ
Ҷһֲֵıˣֺαزء
Ҽǵ˵оƵģ߲øγħΪȻ㲻ѹΪͿɽ˴ѵħ壬ȻѾǻΪˣʲôʵ
Ҳǻɳġһʼڴ˵ģԪӤħ壬ԽԽħʿĶڴ˺󣬿ƬɱȻߵΪʱӦ
Ǵʦִǰ˵ԼȥĴ֮һ𣿡޿
ʱЦЦʱҲֻǵǴɽ߱ͣˡ
¿ԶңңɼĻɽ
·һƬڵС磬֮ǱסŷĻɽ֮ڱһڣѲ֮ʲô롣
ע֮䣬ڰڰ֮еĻɽٿĳص춯
ĻѻХ˵죬ӻɽΧհչзɵĻѻǰһֻһ̤£ڲֻ
ɫ΢䣺ʲôȻɽ
˿뿪ȴѾˣԭͨڵĻɽѾ̼˿ɲĺ죡
̳죬δüߵľ޴ѻ˲ɴЩҽһ֣ͷʣ
ʱѾǰƽֱԻɽɫҷ֮ǰǰһɵĽ磬Щһ֮Ӳ棡
Ǵ˿վһ羻֮⣬ۿɼ⽹ķ϶жĻɫ䣬ǵĻɫٿǣٻ»ǣȼĳЩɵúܵ͵Ļѻβͣǵðһ糺β
ʮµѩڶɽʱһμΣһμԭ糺졣
˫ͫմȾĺ죬۾ܣٿ衣
£ǻܼǰ𣿡߬ĽѻԵħ𣿡
һЦݣΣͬʱڡ˾ѵãͨҲŻбȻҪȥ̽һġڻѻԽԽá
˵߸ÿ˶˼ƵĲ޴ȱȿ˭ȵɽ£˭ɱࣿ
δ䣬ɫӵŮѾӸʱĽУһԾ
ֱӲȵһֻɵԵ͵Ļѻϣ
ȴֻѻתҷɣֻ뽫ˤ䡣
Ȼʱ˿̣Ļѻʵ̫࣬оһľ綾
ݵļž󣬼յĻѻУȻһֱֱ׹
öʮ³ЦһѾȽ𣬲ܲż޴Ļѻӽ
ɲǼ䣬÷ҵѩϺĻɫ֮ϡ
ıӰٻޣСʦãʦ֣Ҳһ
ȥÿһγǱɽѾ˵ʦָͨͨ
һΣȡǱصΪģҡҲ͸Ǳ
գһϦʣĿ貣
һ·ɱȥӲЩѻɱ˼ȱ¶ԭյɫʡ
޴˫רħף֮ǰĲ޴Ųͥһ·˹ȥʱʱιڡ
޴Ȼĳطʹõʱ򣬿Աúܴɻѻħ޵ʬ壬ֻҪڣ޴ͻذƴСҲԱŽǬС
ԵúǾϸøʱ̲סüʲôʱħԵô˹ˣ
ﱻȴҲĿвؿʱ˵䡣
ߵȻĶݺݣֻǽϡ
ٲȻһ˫
ʱǱøһЩ
㲻ȥɱѻ𣿡ʱʵ
ҡҡͷ̧ͷһԼһνʱܾµľ޴ѻٿ̧֣ٶ˶ָ
·пǣ
յĻѻٿͣٱи
Ѫɫѡ
޲ȥֻ¿ʱЦЦҪĥǷ޲ҪĥֻҪ࿴
ʱ˼
˿Ļѻٿ򲻶ʱѾװһ޴ޣ˴ָ
ȴĽɢЩɢȴ·Ϊɨǰ·
ٽյɫʣ»
޽޴װʱΪԵ̫˹ĶûԱʱĽȴѾһʼԲȣĥøӾŨҡ
δĸо̫ܣֲԥԼѪڳѻŵޣȨƬ̣׻ᣬȥ˾ԶĵطҷޱŶŶޱĺñŶ
ܳħﻹ˵˻ģʲôСġ
޶ԴԤϣҲ׶һٶҪʲôƢЦЦûȥ
˼ֻδĻѻǰһٿſ죡
з·ٿһڶ
зԺڶ
صĻѻʬ类𡭡ֻ˵˰㣬ٿӿǸڶ֮У
ڶʧ
죬¶ı飬ҰҰ죬ҡҡλεչ޵ķ¶
һ·֪Уɽľ뾹ȻѾܽˣǰȻвϵĽ˸ֻ˸ľ·ԽԽԶȻѾɱۣǳ졣
̧üзɵĽ⣬ϡϳЩֱ˭ҪԸʱ˵ʲôͷͬʱȴ֣һ̻ں̸Цĸʱ֪ʱȻѾԱˡ
͵ضסŲٻܡ
ʦ֣𣿡
ɢȥտյ޻Ӧ
ɽȻǸԶľ룬ߵһ·ͽͣǰн˸ϸȥҲȷǾǽ⡣
ԭӦĶҲټ
ͷսеļ
ȴ·𱻸ĳˣ˿Ҳ˵С硣


141 
ãȻͬʱʱҲͬһʱܵ˲ԡ
Ȼ̤Ĺʵ̫ȻҺ޺ۼݻض޴
ǰҲȻн˸ѾԼϤλŮӰϢ
˹ָ·Ĵڣȴ޷ԷκϵĴԴ˿̵˵㹻ΪٿȷԷİΣ
˼Ƭ̣ʱ׻ſġ
ԭӦڵǱԨ⽣ٿġ
½ߵЩյȳҪ޽¡
ܲ˵ΣգԨ⽣Զߣ
ˣءҲǻᵣĵİɣ
һ̲ס̵飬ʱȴȻҪ޵ġ
ԭͣƬ̣Ჽǰȥ
޵ķֿʱһεʱһʳĳЩ־
Ȼ֪ԷĿʲôһҪǸĶħ廹һʶҳ
ԨⴿڵĽ΢ΣĳħȻϢʳԭҪЩħȥһ̾ͻᱻͱԴ
ţǰԶĻɽȴٿģȡ֮ıȺɽ죬ĽҲӽĳƽ̹Ĺٵ
ʱס˽Ų
еػȥȻԼǺǽߵĹǣչõͶɢƬɫһƬϵȨҫĿ
ͷ˿Լ֡
һ˫ʮС֣ѾЩı룬ṳ֮̂·ķ˲Żϰʱĥĺۼ
£㣬ū׷úÿۣһЦ⣬һ·СŴս˵ū͵͵ǣˣ¿ǧҪҪˣūоҲѽ
ôһ˲䣬ʱһ˿㱡
·ֻصŭǵӣʶҪС
ܿͻع
ΪﻹһԨ⡣
˼ؿеĽĵԼｫ份صģǱڶδĻǷʧ
λСϸʱĹֻһ£
ʱˡ
һǣӭʦҵӶһյĹ֮ġ
ǣסת򹬳֮ڶȥ
ٲ²𣿡
ͻȻˡʱ
һȤĿʼ
ܺ棬ҵûһյԼ᲻ʲô仯

ȵضȹ˵һգڶգһ£ڶ¡һ꣬ڶꡣ
ʱȹʱάȺʹʵ̫ʵǱʱ̲Ԩ⽣ʲôʱĿҪʧζ˵Ӧν족
ֱĳһգѧãĳλӼİ̸Ц֮ʱͻȻˡ
̧ͷȥ
ǽա
ʱϵıһȴĪһ˿Ȼĸо
һ죬ˡ
޹أҲϢϢأһΣ
Ȼû˵ʵϣʱһֱãһ̫ƤδҵôһС᲻᲻
ڣ֪ˡ
һյĵǳѡ
ֵһ˲ڵٿ̮ʱٻعʱ򣬾Ȼվոʱԭ㡣

һΣʱѡķȴûжҵʶΧ

ٴλصԭ㡣
һΣʱ˼˺ܾá
һֻ޷⣬Ƿ𣬶ܻᷢ
Ҫ䱻Ϊβȥѯʸʾô£һǰӦ֮أ
ʱǱԼ˭ҲԨ⽣˹ǣվʵ鷿⡣
赲Σ˭赲סһδĴ
鷿ϵǸɲǣʱͻȻĳصԤС
Ԥ̫ǿңݵ뿪ǰš
·ƿź֪ͿĳЩδ֪顣
ʱһԨ⡣
һ
ĵЦһƿǰһš
źȴϤ鷿ģһ޴ˮ
վˣ֪ΪΣȴû˷ͻأ֣ͺƴ˴ǻþ֮еһþ
ЩλʣĸλҮĹʦҲһЩʱʶ˿Ѿʶģкɫ·ģħ塣
ʱٿ߬˽
һ̣ͿЩΧƵĴڡ
һŴҲΪһʯ
ʯϡ
һڷɢ˫۽գƤ𪣬ͦƯкӡ
Լ
ʱͫ΢
ĴڲӰ첻˴κˣֻ˵ûκһܷ֪Ĵڣ谭ߵʯǰؿԼ
ʯϡԼĸʿһƬѪģУڶЩУͻȻ߳һŰ׶ħ塣
׶ָΪ߹ǴỮ¡
һ߹Ǿȡ
кڶһԿ·ĺӣϵش򿪡
ȻҲһ߹ǡ
һ߹ǱʯϡԼȡ߹ǴҲ֪׶˺ָֻӹԼѪͣһػȥ߹ǽĹϡ
ûκ˺ۡ
ʱЩ㱵̧֣ԼҲ߹ǡ
ǰĳٿʧ
ٻعʱȻվ鷿ſڣ΢΢ϣ·֮ǰһжĻѡ
ʱֵԼ߹ʱȴ·ڴһ㼥Цظ
һоǼ١


142 
ʱĬá
ǰεĲϵġظġĽ֣ʱҲѽټϴǰһĻǰһȷصţʱ˿ȴԵø⡭ƿ
ȻһֵֻԼҲ߹ǵλãϵֻƯָЩףڶݵͣٺһεƿǰ鷿š
йź͸˳
һΣ鷿źϤĿ봩űĸʡ
ʱԨᣬҲѾʮ
ֱ˿̣ʱִ̽ʹĿȥʱ򣬲ŷλǿ׳ʵҲʮĸȻţȫµĹҲѾƣ඼˼˿׷
ʯһԹۡͫȴĳصĽŤɫʵݣ˿עԼĴȰ׽صͬһţһʱ֮Էֱ澿ʲôʵ
ˣԨһ˿Ц⡣
˵顣
ڸʱԨȴһֱһλܵ˸˵ĸס
һ˿̣ԼǴӶԷп˶ĵѪ֮ġ
ȷǷΪþӰ죬֪ٴСļԨעʱĿ⡣
Ҳ̤һ;󣬻ҳ빬ǣȥϴ١⼸Ҫԭ֮һ
øʲǨŭڣĳֶصģתλܼĸ֮Ĭֻ˵ңԶĸ
ǵģ
ʱһֱš
̧ͷԼϤݣڵʣѪ̤;ԹŶµĹء񡭡ȴΥһԼģɴ
Ԩ۳ĬƬ̣ϵЦ΢ȥʱ㶼֪ʲôˣ
Ѿ塣ʱֱԨ۵ͫһһٵԾ
ˣ̫ӵӴ˶Ųһ飬Ƕ̫ӵʲôԨٿȻŭ޵ĶӣҪ̳µˣԾ
ʱؿԨۣŹκһ˿
Ԩ۵Ĵ㵣𾪣ŭ⣬롭ĳģ־塣
ǰ⣬־Ӻζ
ҲΪ˴µĽɽ룬֮˷ֽ֡һֻʱҶΪдõΣӦ㡭ֹͣʱ粽ãٶ˶٣ʵ˵ʶԴʲôĶ֪ļƻ
ᵽƻʵʱԨ۵лһ˿׾Ĺ⡣
ȴԨնû
Щƣ˻ȥֻ̧˻ӣǸոӿ۹۱Ǳǹĵ˳ȥ鷿¹غá
ʱΪⳡԻҪΪֹˡ
õĳĬԨͻȻ̧ͷĳĹ⡣
ޡֻǲġҪһôԸǰΪ޵ĶӣҲӦһ
ʱЩȻ̧ͷȥȴԨ۷ǸƣĿ⣬ŵǾ仰·Ļ
ʶְ̧סԼҲ߹ǣ΢΢ššü
̧ͷʱȴһΣԨ۵ĿĽϡ
׼ȷ˵סֻϡ
ʣʱ̽ʵ
ʲô岻ʣԨٿʵ
ʱ뵽ʲô׵ȷʵе˴ЩʹҲ̫ҽ޲ףձãøʵˡ
Ԩȴü
ʱڿµ֣Ҳü߬
ΪֵĹעѾ֤һЩˡ
ǰԷֱʵһ̣˹ȷĴ𰸡
ġ
ãȻ롣
ȷʵġ
Ԩۺܿ쳹ңٽȥλʦͥԺ֮УһμЩڶˣĳطסǣٴʯϣһ
ڶںϵúܺã⣬¶ˡħ˻ģµĹѫ빱ҲħġǵĳŵҲһ֣·ġ½ϴ̲ѳȥ򣬾¡
ԨЦһĿԴ
ʱʶȴģ
ǵÿһ֣ʹĨȥ˵۸˼䡣
һαǸ߹ʱ
ض·ϣꡣ
ܴ󣬸ʱȴܾ˹ٵɡȻһС
ǻþѣҲȻԨ⣬һ̣ʱȴ֪ʵ
һ̣ʱ·ѳˡ
һǱĨȥ˼ȻԨ۸Тĸʱһ֪һȴԸ֪ʶ
ֻһνֻ࣬˵ӽĲࡣ
Ϊߣޱƽ
粻ȫ̻𹩷ĸѪһ˶ҳòΪؽ롰ɿء
ÿһλʵ۶֮ĪѳΪԶԶڷ֮ϣΪƣֱһڴ֮࣬ȴҲÿһλʵսجΡ
ⱾǷҲɵ͵ìܡ
ʱܹܿͨԼĸʱеĶҲԼǰǾ仰ʵ塣
ǻ
޷ܡ
޷һΪĸǼ
ʱ߬еԨ⽣ƽȴͻȻסеĶƾʪȫ
ǵǽܸߣƬϻ죬谵ȴȻڣ˺ܳӰӡ
ɣؼĳЩ䡣
Ϥ
һĻڵ飬ǰһĻĻ
ϤšһĻʵġ
ͻȻʲô
ǾһĻǡĵףȴֱȴ˵Ļ
仰˵ǵһθּܵ㸸ıʹһΣ̤ͬһʧĺ
ʱפԭأƬ̺ٿ͵͵ЦȻ̧һֻ֣סüģЦУø
մȾĳϷʡ
Ϊĸգ˸¡
ԭݣͲΪҲֻΪһ·
죬䣬ĸҲʣһֱ̤ʯ̨ס
ݴʲô򵥵顣
ĸܿߣȴһѣϡ
ѪߣȴҲҪʱҵӰǰӸµؿ
Ϊִţҵǵ֪ҷ˹ǵ⣬ǽյı硣
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Ҽ˵ݣÿ˶вͬԵɡģһǵһμҵעȤ
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԰գÿԼڸʱǰ·ȥұΪͽٵгһգһ𰸡
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ʱļһĻĻ֣Щȴ˵ģҲЩһֱǵã˿ȴΪ»Щ䣬Щԭֻ溬Ļָһġ
Ȼܴ󣬸ʱԭѾưóʪ̧üʱеˮȴٿ𵴿
ڵþĿģһУ㾿˭㶼ˡĿģľҲˡԣҳȥ
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ݶǽߣɫգܶĳߣµʯ塭еɫһ𣬻һŷ·ֽҵŤɫīš
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ˣܣҲЩ
ĸŮ٣ūͣˣĴ³ӣЩĸ󷳲ʤɺǵĹŮǡ
ϤģЦģģľģƽģЪ˹ġܵı·Ƕÿһͬϣ
ϸȥЩһһģĿߡ
ΪҪΪ
ĺԩʱĺԩ
ǸҵˣѪĹޣûԣǲú

ԨĽ׹㻮˵õѪиļԹûЩϤ𽥻û·ǧ϶Թ鶼һӿٽЩصȫעϣ
ڤڤ֮УĳִעֺοΪԼɱأղŵ㽣µˣܵ飬ͯм䣬ǿйһһؿ㣿ǡĻΣ
½ߵѪٹһĨ⡣
ǵڼǸѪıȴΪ˶еʣеҪôأʱ˿̣վǰģĸأĸأ壬ֻǧǧأ
ʱüһЦͫ·ĳıɫ΢
˶ĪеѪٺὣǰϽ⣺ұɱ

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ȷһԼͷ֮ѹǿĵ軹ڣ˵ʲǽ˯֮С
ȷº󣬵Ĵʦʶڵһʱ㳹չϸֱ˴˿תڿеÿһϸ΢ķߡ
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ôһ˲䣬ΪԼصǰһһڿЦĻ롣
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͵شӴǰĻججоѡ
Ԩ⽣
ǰôԨ⽣
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ԣʱġ
һ븵ʱκνôܻðĽԼ
޵ԽԽ졣
ڴ˴þʱûлңȻ˿뵽˸ʱڲɺ֮ʱȴü죬޲һ̤ߣΪҪԼ
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Լ
еĻþ㣬ƽ֮
˵ļž֮Уٿ֣̽ץסеĳһһק
ͬһʱ䣬ǵӦͣں֮ϵĽ⣬ȻĴ̴زɺĺ棬ҵؽǰ

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һɱ¾̫ãõʱѾǾǴӺʱʼӺζô˲䣬ΪĻӽеľΪͨЩԹʱȴʵĴжľ
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֪²ɱ¾ǻþĳֶΣǲɾ;ӽ棬ӽЩԼʶӰҲ档
ʱͫ°ָ߲ȾѪҲĲϻӽУεسǸ̫õ⡣
桭ô
ΪʲôΪƷҲҪΪԼıһ·
ûƣȴΪԼбƭôöúЦ;
ӲǰѪɫ֯һһӡ۵ףĳַ
ʧȥ˹⣬ĺ񷢹ҲѺۣĳ˲ѿǵһͷˮк¡
Щ緢Щŭ·кһīŨԨ
һҹֻ˵ҹþУһһɱħȴ׹ħɱлȴҲȻڻٳֽͼ׽ٻⷽأ
ҵڴˣĽ˿˿̵ɬ۵׵һĨ֮ɫһ۾ܷħѾԶ
ȻȻĽȴһּ̬ܵȻͣ˰֮С
ʱŷ֣Լ⣬֪ʱȻظĲɺŵһ˲ɺĺ棬˲֪Ϊλڲɺ׵Ůࡣ
£Բ۵Ů·ѣЩãȻؿЩ㣬Ҳһʱ֮޷ͷ𣬴ʦ֣
˱ҵһͣʱĴһĨѪɫŽµˣԼĽٿ˿Լս֡
Ѿֲ壬ﵽʵãǰĨӰ֮ǰγֵĴڣþеһĨĹ⡣
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еĨڼЦֻҪһӣǰĨӰӽ飬Ϳǰ顣
ԨǰŮļͷȥɱôˣֽȻȣʱԵüǸɴ
ĳЭ벻̣ԨڿһΨһĹʱԸΪĹ޾׹䡣
ıɫȥ˫ػ˼ĺɫȻȾѪڷɢ䣬գۣʱͫȴѾ±ǰŮȼ
·ڶԼ˵ҲڶԼԺúܹĻþڿڡ
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ĻþԼԸļ䣬ԴƣʱһҲ޾ĥһ·ɱߵԼǰ
ֻ˵֪һ·ľͷԼ
ǵþˣһ˲þԼǰ
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143 
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֮䣬ֻʣ˴˿ӵˡ
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֮ԸЩѪ۵ζżԭƬζٸܵʱĶྱȺ
֪ʱ׾ʲôȴܸоϵЩ޾ɷ·˺һϨסʱܸоĲ
һɲǣͻȻʲô
Щպ죬Щշת˼ҹЩǣסֺ̲סЩֻҪͻޱȰĵĶӡ
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ֵʱŷ֣Լָ
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Ǽǰָ̽㴥ļղࡣ
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зӹϴƯʯҡһƬĻ૚·˴ʲôѲؾ֮УȥÿһһЦʱһ
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޼ãȻرۣǰոջع˺ڰеʱɿֻ֣סԺ
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ǵ·Թһãڻþ̮֮ǰĵֵĲ㻹ܿסԼħ𣿡
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þɢȥɽ³ǰǰ·ԶԶľ룬һΣؿɽʵҽɫ
ӰӻҽƶȻػȻʮ¡һûзֳʤûþҲ֪Щ׹޾Ԩ
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144 
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Сʦþأʱ뵽ʲôЦȻҲüֻҪСʦԸ⡭һ·
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145 
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һ޼ͷǺһתͷ˸ʱǸʱͷʱ򣬿ľһһ¶һ
޵ͷЩȴϷҲͷͬʱڰŵ˴ȥһ˻ɽ󡣡
𾪵ۣҪֹʮȴѾסļ侲سҡҡͷʦֺСʦöçײˡҸղ㿴ǸСӣħ塣лŵħڣȷʵһҪ顣
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ȴѾסȥ·ºЦʦãһգʲô춯պǻûȥرҲ٣أ
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Ǳ߶Ѿɿʱžش˵ԼǰɻƲ⣬ʱ·֪ޡ
ʵڵʯҲѾ˸߰˰ˣ֮⣬ʵ󣺡˵ʿ˵ǿԿħϵħģԴǡħҲҪһױʿİ취ɣΪһǣƶҲħ壬Ҳƶħ壿
ʱĬƬ̡
뵽ԼϵǸ滻˵߹ǣͫɵ΢ȻɢЦ⣺ħΪʳϡȻħ
Ҳǡ
޺ܿ𰸣ܿҲԼϵǸ¨ӵĴУĵǶ˵ϿҲЩϸ΢ħ
ʱҲмħħҲ֡
˼䣬ħСкǺش˺üۣЩ̲סʵʡǶ˶ãôѽ
ˣħʱ֪顣
ħ׻ƫ࣬Խǿħ壬Խ޽ӽ
شСк⣬ֻţҿҲܲѽ
Скʱɥһҿ˿ȷŴ˴¶û飬һشӱͳһëβͣԼɵͷ¶һԼ䣬СûûҲҲкܶëë
޿ˡ
˰죬׻ûסҡҿ𣿡
Скɬˣ׻ǺƽشӦûëëЩҲģ͡ɣ
Ҳܿ˽ҿС𣿡

һ̣ͱΪˬسСкСкֳ޵ĴߣһѻɵĴβͣ˫ֲãСкͷϵļ䣬ʮ˷ܵػͷʱȻкһ
ʱ
˸ʱ۾ĿܣҲǿֻ֣ħСк̲סɤ﷢һЩصġࡱ͵ס졣
ޣ
ۡˡСкЩɥСά̫ˣҪҪˣҿԱԭ𣿱ȥҲԺǿϺȣ
ޣ
⺢ӣôԲϺôִš
µСкѾһֻëɫСܡ
ʹСܣֱọ̶̈ǺŬرŶԼܵ˺ȴñȸղŻɥࡣ
أб谮
ЦԷǣֶë׵Сûʲôֿʵʲô֣ұ𣿡
Ск
ңҽн֭СкĻë˶ǡ桢Ĳ𣿡
˵䣬Ѿ֭СܵצӺǷСצצ˺ԼϵĶ̽ؽͷ޼ϡ
һֻů˳ͷߣ˱еĺ⣬̲סֺߺءࡱ˾˯ɣ˯ѾͿԻؼ
֭СһʼرԼã˯ţ˵껹ûһӣѾ˯ÿʼƤʡˡ
Ȼ˿ʱǲҿڣֻô죬֪ȥɽ·ú˯ˣǺܿҪˣ
ȴʱͷ֭Сܵı΢Щ΢
㶣ţСʲô𣿡
ʱ˶٣ʮ̹ȻĵҲûʲôеĽˡ
ޣ
ûӦһ̣ʱѾɿһ£ֱģǵ˵Ȼδ̤ɽһ֪࣬·
С˯ˣȴû˯մСܻ̽ͷͿ𺳵һĻͫ׵һֿ޵Ŀ⿴˸ʱȻǳԳ˷ɲҪչȥʱˣ
Ȼһ̣СȴԺ̧֣ס˶۾ڳݲҰҲģСӲҪ࿴ѧġ
ȻСצŶ۾˯ˡ


˭Сүү㰢ﶼҪöֺ𣡣
˵öԡȴʱȻŴЦͬǰͰı﷽ʽ
߼ˣȴΪ۾סû񴫵ĵô˰
ޣ
ҲǺȷϹϵʼ̸Ѿһ
ţʱȻͷٷסͷ۽ף̶ˡ

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϶䣬˵ˡ
ҲǺ֪鵽ʲôʱչԼͫ׵Ľ׶Ρ
ֻһֻСģС֪ʲôأ
룬̲סһȰ˵Լƽſգһ߿ʼੲݵظʱ
ʵô£ҵޱô͡ˣһû׹ޱأ
ǲǸޱԻˣҾ㣬ɲҪҶǺǵģ
Ұ򣡵Ұ
ʱȫζһֻֻǣޣվ˻ɽ֮¡
ȻվɽԽǰδ̵ҽԽԽһվԨϣ˻ɽǰ
Ҫβȼ޵ͫҫһƬɫİ쵡
ǰŨҽʱȴֱǰ֡
ͷһ͵֣ס
ͨҽ֮󡣡ʱ͵
Ҳµˡ޻˳ֱۣǰС벽ס֣һ𡣡
ʱ˶٣ְģָӣٵ͵ЦһСʦǵ𣿡
ǵġ̲סҪȴ޾Ȼ̹ˣȻʮ赭дȻҲǵԼ
ʱ⣺ţ
޵û̸һֻ֡
̧ۿʱزĻʦֻûȵĵ£Ҫܵġ
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ⶼˣȴһǶûһֻ֣ͺܹƽ˭ҲƲ˭ˡ
ʱעƬ̣Ůֱ׳һһۣ۵ȴʢ˼Ц⣬һЩԼδᡣ
Ƭ̣̲סҪǲԼʲôĪǽ֭Сܵëմˣ
ЩãȻţǰüĿӢѾ˱ٸĴ
䣬޶еݵسԼ˸ʱ˵һá
֮ٻعǾȻѾڻɽǰˣǵصʧȡ֮һƬ꣬ȻѾƬηҽɽ
Ҳ˵ûȵĸо
޾Լű׹Ĵϻд¶ȡ
ͼȥ䷽˾ôɽģоȻտҲ
޳ĬΣЩߵؿʱֹ
ʱע⵽Ŀ⣬תţһ
ôܡΣյʱأһʲôͻأ˴УǶǵһδɽҪʲôҲδ֪ʦ´οǧҪʱˣ
ĵ˵ôһΣΪʱᷴ˼һ£ȴԷĿϣ䵽촽ϣ
޻ûش𣬱ʱ˼Ҫʱʱأ
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ǣʦصǲе㲻԰
Щ߷ߵ븵ʱƬ̣Ҫ˵ʲôʱ̾˿ٵȻ̫Сʦõ˼ңҪ̲סˡ


146 
żϤζԭڻ˯Ľ֭СۣϤ˯ûˡ
Сܵβͷɿذ˰ڣֱϰڿᣬϲżҰζˣһˣ
԰գַ֭ɿǣܲԶһ㣬ȻҾҪ͵ȥˣ
ţʲô͵֭䣬һʹŭ֭ӣһ͵ȥˣ֪𣡣
ŭ߳ӰǰûиκԶһĿԡ
֭ϵħѾ㹻Ũˣȷʵûκζ⣬¶Լβ͸Ļ¸ʱҲôͷ¾衣
֭ĸĸɾͲһˡ
ŨصħʹħҲ亱˷϶ȫΣȴȻһЩƩ뽪֭һޣֻǸָɵĻβͣԼһ¶첲ϵƤëצ
ǵֻ֭ܶͽӲˣ֮ǰõСܷ·˲ĳּ״̬ȻԼĻ˫е˷ĵ׵Ŀ־塣
ҲЩš
Ȼһħ򣬻󵨵ֱըħħ˽ΪԼϵԭΪ޿֮⣬ʵûħ˵仰
Ľ֭СܵıղŲǻҪҰôڻȥѽ
ӵƯβ͵Ůħһؿޣô
֭Сһתͷֱ̫ë
֭
Ӹҹ֤㣡
֪ԼʱЦȴ̲ס䴽ǣҪص𣿡
޻˯̫㣬̫ݣ֭СܺԥƬ̣ΪԸŲһ壬СʵǺ룬ȥҲС
֭ﱻõһסСܵĶ䡣
һߣ֭Ŀ˸ʱϣǽشƬ̣δλˡֱԣλǷ񡭡Ǵӻɽһģ
Ϊ޵ĻﻹСܣ֭ûκι˼ᵽɽһߡʱЩɣȴûиĶɱ
ԸʱԼ˼ֱ׵ǵġ
֭ϵĲϲ˲ƣȻҽн顣нiģǼֵʱдһʣͱ˽顣ȻⲻҪɽһѾٶδйκħˡħǱʲôµϢ𣿡
޽鲻ԸС֭ܽ˽֭ǡ˽Ļ븵ʱһۣٿڵˣֻǡ˽֭ٽͻѡ
֪ΪΣ뽪֭İﾹ仰󣬲һǾͺãǾͺáǿͣһлĻᡣ
֭ｫֱ֭£Щɵؿ򽪿飬ЩֹȴҡҡͷҪ峤˲֪ǲǡ
Ȼ޺͸ʱ˶һۣѹͷɻ󣬵׻Ǹȥ
ҽн𡣡֭ڵ׼ȷ˵лɽħ壬ս
޾ĪЩϤȴһʱ֮ûħϵһ
ллǴ˽֭ɽһûȥȥħ嶼ûлȻϵħʮŨҿǺǿħЩʿûΪ𣿡
ʿ治ɫǡ˻ɽʿҲ˱ᣬԲδһ·Ǽ˲ħʬǻҲǴҴȥġ
նɱħ޵ȷʵӦְ𡣡Ȼ˵ͷɽ߶κ󣬶ԷҲɽıħ޶˵ѣѻ͵ڻȡ֮֮ߡ
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ңȻɽһħ飬ȻҲʲôܡ
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ӦŲǣ롭Ƕڴ˴һжܺ棬Ҫ֪ô¡һˡ롱ƣ룬峤Ҳȶλˡ
ƣһǰڵ··лڰչհ㣬ƾճ˵ϣѶǰ˿Զ
һɵɫɫԱһʵĺɫʯ·Ҫֱơ
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ķӡƬ½ϣĴŮ޺͸ʱķ룬Ѿ֪ˣֱ
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ڷӡ˭
ǡ޷ɨĴ򣿡ʱȴѾڵȴ֪ӡģʲô
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ôһ˲䣬޻Ѿǵʵݡ
Ůջʲôû˵ֻº͵ЦЦȴûֱӻشʱ⡣
һֻ˵еħ壬һ֡Ůƽħ
˶Ҫħ񸴻ƩҵķƩ磬λħ
͵̧ۣ¿Ǹ֣Լʲôطϵħ壡
ֻ˵ħ塣
׷ߵĴܺܶ࣬бǲ׺һڣ΢ݼ˷ħȻǩԼ˵ЩӹΰΪƸˡ
Щ˲żüõĴУΪģλΪʱλе֮µĴ档
λʿڵ伮ʷжйŨīزʵļ¼ȥ¥ҲԿж꾡ļء
ȻĸЩ伮ʷȻֹʧĸҲͬһʱʧȥмء
ȫȻ˷е쳣˶ھԶʷĶϴǵĹֻһЩԭ
еһˣΪڡ
̧ͷǰʵʯ
ּĥúϸϸȥȥЩ۵ƵĻԿǸ֣ƫУǳڡ


147 
ڴ֮ǰ޾֪λӡġŵĺħ𣬿´˿̶ȻѾȻԸӡ
ʱ˿ֻ̣һصģڡȻˡĸо
ΪΨˣܽ˵ʷͻأʧ
ֻ˵ȻħԼħͬʱǹһˣֻҲ֪ħǿ׷ԼҲħ˵ʱǶڴĹһ£һתԪһΪħʼ档
޵˼ǧȴҲֻȥһ˲ĿǰŮӵϣһ񣺡ˡ
Ѿȹꡭֻ˵Ƭ½ħ֮һĻŮûбܿһֻףٵ֪ĴħսǿȴǹŪ֮ˡֱó黭
һ̧֣Ѿһѽβ٣ͬʱӰ֪һչĻʡ
ȴΨû塣
޵ͷĪһ
뵽ʲô
ǸԼĳ¨ӣǱеħλ꣬ȴ˵ԼħҲˡ
ЦЦĿϣΪΪ֮ˣȴվҵǰȴɱ𣿡
Сϡ㲻˴гһգҲȥѰ㡣עޣַ·͸ĳλˣ˴żȻҲǱȻ¨ôĴˣҲδȻԸԳһ졣ҹ𵤻һȴٳδ֪һ
Ƭ̣зҸӣһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪𾪳¨ӾȻϹĪ֮һǡԭ˶ĳƺҲǳ¨ӡ
Ȼ˼Ƭ̽˵ĻĴУȴδһӡһ
Ǵʦȴ޲δճκһԼ󣬴
˶٣Ҳ벻ɵ΢΢üԭ𣿡
ٿЦδһӰ֮䣬ҪԳ¨ӵֶӵʱʵ̫٣ܹأȷʵʱ˿̣һҪӣҲΨȥ
չ䣬Լ֣һָ
һѰľűࡣ
һÿ壺ȻȥȥɡҲǿ󡣡
ɿ˸ʱ֣ǰվ򽪷˵۾һһ⡣
뽲
Ĵλħɵħӡôʣ˴ӡħʲôʵ
ҵȻ֪ҲĴӡ΢΢һЦɽ࣬ҽ֫Ԩɣغͷ­Ƿһ⣬˭ȴħԲ˷ӡĻ᣿
΢΢һ㶡
ʶΪ˼ٽ֮ķӡȻ˵Ļȴơˡ
ˣħһڵģȻǱ֮⣬м䡣
עǰľţټǰȥ
СʦáδĸʱҺһȥ
ûʳ¨ӵĴʲôȴȻѾ𲢲µʲô
ʹˣĵһӦȻҪһȥźδ֪
޻ûӦȴһΣѾ˸ʱǰ΢ЦԨһֱȱһʣ𣿡
ʱ΢΢һ㶣Ѱ¶ýʣԭ
ǣҲǡ˲ͷһڵʯָԨڿʯʱѵûʲô춯𣿡
ʱɫЩŹ֣ĵԨͱַŻˣһ·˼ƫˣȷʵûע⵽ʲô
Ѿ̲סЦʦ֣Ԩȡȥ
ʱĬƬ̣̲סЦ˳ʲôʱµģ
ȴֻʵ£
ʱԲŮЩüۣǺƤҲһһΪ˼ĸоʦֵǴʦ֣򶨵ط֣Ǳͨ崿ڵԨ⽣ͬʱõĽʾС
ΪⲢԨԭĽʣʱǴŽʵġʱԨ⣬ض˸ٸܵĳԽ¶¿ǿŽֵʯȷʵ£Ҳֻδ̽ѰԨĽӦڴˡ
޿ĶŸʱüһЦôһ
Ȼٲǰƿǰһţһ̤С
ŮıӰСʱУº£˵Ŀ˸ʱϣߵЦȥ
ѪĿת䣺ħǣǸңʲô

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ţֻȴ
ڲϵ׹£ǰٳֹʱȷʵһμ֮С
ա
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һǰϤĺڰɫݺʮߣָ仹һöӡ
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޿ȴߵģǶԷݷ·ĳȻֻҪ뱻˿Լκ֪ò
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޵ĿԼǵĻ϶˶٣ѾԼ²⡣
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ǶԷѩʵ¨ӵ΢ɻް֮޼Ҫĳصʱ⵹Ĵ·ֻصǻѻݺУ¨µǼ֡
νо֣ʵⷨ߷ӵĵλ
޵ĿɨеİӺȴͻȻ˶١
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ΪҪˣ
תȴѾĳһλһӡ
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ɲһߵ·Ц⿪ڵĺӮˡ
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ΪʲôҪȻأ
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罪˵¨Ĵħ֮һ䣬ͼɳΪνһ֮֮ϡ޼ԸǶôȻԣ仹κһڿ־Ļ
޴ֻڶԷӺ󣬺ͣٵظһӡ
ա
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ŶԷ·壬Էָ¿ǰ֡
һֵĶֻ֣˵Ǽ¨ߵÿһԭĶԭħ


148 
ԽԽ죬ӹʯһʱֻ֮ġա
ȻǺڰףССÿһµʱҲֻײ΢۵һȴǧǵ֮ѲֹǺڰףֹӣ£ܿܿ
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λʤѩµָ䣬һѩİӡ
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Ӻܿ죬ȴҲȣǼ䣬¹˾֣ļؾȴһûб仯޻ڣһӳƫ±ֲʧܡ
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ħʲôãħº͵䱾ûν;ɵΪħҲΪߡ֮ǰǰ޹ˣ֮˲ʰۡӦ˵ıǰףı߾ǰסڣҪ˵ħΪףΪһҪң
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з紵һдĽͷëƮһǰ˸תˡ

Ϊһֻһֻúƽƽôܶ˲䣬Ҫƹˤǰͬھġ
ǼĶѧԼҪ侲ôħޣԼڵĴٳһƯëëҲѡ
ȻͿСһġߴߴߴߴЦ
ʰ쵵СЦ۾ڣצҡ޵ָ·˵쿴˼Ҹɵĺ£ңҡ
Ѳɣǲǹġ

ס˰
˭ҲҪ
죬Ҫһս


152 
С̵׸ոճһ̥ߴߴЦ˼󣬾ͻ˯˹ȥ
һʱ֮䣬һںͷҲһֻ˯ŵ̷ҪӲԼ
ƫƫһЦһͳһƯСٷһϸײ˯С̷˽ȥ
ôǸô죬ȴҲû룬ϾҲѼʶֱʡ
ֱͻȻ֣ı߱ϣеëë
ˮĺۼ

е𾪵ľתͷޣѾ˵ˡ
޵һе㲻˼תߣͰ͵ѾһֻɵСˣҪѧǫã㿴ӻе࣬ȻС̼һҲǡԣ

˭˵ˣɻǸأ
ٲȻѾȫԼԳƴү顣
ĹĹĹģĬƬ̣־òɽȥʵǿˣƬ̣ڶ˶ϵĽڣٴ߳µëëȻֺóСԱ߰˼£źܲζȥ
£ĲţӣҪһֻԼëɫˣ
ԽԽζһ̣һʹ˹ǰצסĳݣ˯ˡ
嶼ӲסˣҲǣҲǣβתͷС˯úԷչԼĳ򣬽ԼͶס

޽ͫ׵۵ף˺þòűסЦǰҲС̵ëɫﾹȻصģƽĸо
㣬Ժʹʦһһֻɫʰʮɫ裬ҲҲǡأ
ţתĿ⣬ʱ
ҲڿٶһЦϲ𵤡
䣬ȴͻؾһǼʲô˼˵ķ񱼶
ԶʮºҲһΪʲô飬ҲӿٶȣӲ֮ǰôˣʲôˣ
ȴˮǿģҡ裡ǰһˣҲеһһ죡
СŮЦ·ԸˣۻҵٶȴǬͳһѴѶʼ
𿴵𣡰һ֣
ҵһˣ벻ɣԸķ䣬ˣǿԵһģ

ʮ£

Ҳأ
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תֻۣװûȴ̲ס̡
ʮºעѾеϣʮ»ؽӹӣȻԵظпһҲˣСҲء
۾װ˯ˣʵն׵Ķ
ʲôأˣ
˴ȥһ߿С̣̲ס̽һָСᲦһСëȻû˿Եֿë̵ջ
޵ĿҲԨĽϡ
Ԩ⳯Ϧôã˵ͱ˵ıһص飬ȷʵãԼԨ֮䣬Ҳĳǣ
ע⵽Ŀ⣬ԨҲ΢˲
״ʱɴཫԨŽʵݵС
ӵȷʵԨϢ֮·һҹ֮ٿѧ˽¶ķâȻֻһϦ֮ʱ£һɱ
޵ָԨĽ˳Žһ˳£ͣڽλãὣ˸̫ĽУǵøʱЦһ
ҪѧĻҿԽ㡣ʱǰվ黷סס֣΢ѹѹ⣺Ԩʹһ𣿡
̫ľĺķ޻Ƿɿһ
һμʱǺϵڵĸʱһ
˵Ҳһ֪ȻܹɾӵĽ⣬˺ΪνΨ޵С
鲻ȥʽ𣿡޶˶٣Ѿ˽ƣٿʵ˵ǸʱĴʦǷΨ޵еĻڡǼ֮޵𣿡
Ĵԣʱһ£ЩεЦᶶ˶޵ԨĽʱȻ䣬һֵֻģϣû˿Գ޵С

ԼĽ˵һβط桢ٳʵԨͬʱŸϵԪָپ׼ػһâ
һӳ··ȴһߴ˽һ·ľͷڴǰһڵɽ崦Ȼٴ죬һǰ
ոڻڶĹİ߲ӱ紵һǲؾӣסĽ⣬˳ΪԼһ㵵ҲڣĽĪϻҪǫѷ⼸ûûСģżЦˡ
ųĬƬֹ̣׻ǵϹ˸ӡ
һ㶣ӣȻһƽӣɵòȻŭӣΪûһӽģǲǱʦִˣ
˵һڣ˲Ϣ㵽ǰ
޵ֱŹϵĿӣѾԼ˿븵ʱƣξ֮⣬ֻϲ쿴쿴ѾԸʦˣǵĽŶ

ȴʱ֪ʲôȡð㣬͵ЦһȻҲֻ˳ĻǰǺ
һĵ첻ϷߣʱôСʦأƺ𣿣ɺͳˣ̽ô̲ãʶ¶Ǳ𣡣
߹Ѿ̲סᣬǱȴõؿǰǸɽĻڡ
߹ȥʲôأ
ҿʲôһĻȡңһĿȴǴȰģҽ㿴
ΪղһԽһӵ𣿡ŸǰϢǽķⶼնˣƾѰ˲ɶķڴˣº
׹۾Ҫ˵ʲôȴܵһص춯
춯뷽ŻɽϨ֮ʱĸоЩ񣬺ʲôϸ΢ȴݺԵı仯ӵص˳һЩ΢ȴݺӵĵضȴʲô˺µĺ
紵ɽµĲݵ飬ķʪ⣬ɽϯϡ
ɽ磬Щֻɫ֮´ݲĽٿһƬ
дѿǳǳ̽ͷЩõζ֪ʱѾɢȥȡ֮ģǴ԰ʱеķҷ
Ұ̫֮Ѱ˶δڴ˴ܹżζ
ģʪ⣬Ĵʹء
ǿʮµž
ȴɽ֮󣬱Ӧֶеɢȥչɣ˴ѿϣǴѿչŬҪ磬ҲϸؿԼ
ԽԽֱڵ
һƬ԰ӰӰ´µظ֣ңң޺͸ʱ⣬ȴʧ֮С
˶֪Ƭסħ彪Ϻ˵ؾŻƯβ͵Ľ֭֮ϣֵɹ̫ȫëëȵģط
֭Զ֪һվʲôҲȥΪػһʯԼһԿֶǵȴȻƬؾ벽
ΪǽϺˣһһֱѰǵħ巢֣ӭı֮֡
˵૵гһգܲһؾ֮У𣿡
ʱ󻷱סķĿЩȴƶġ
Ϻơ


153 
һϮɫɮ۵ľĶڱС
ħ޵ʬ߹·ѵѪɫưãüĿ徻ȴѾƴӵ
ÿһܻˣɮҲûմȾĻν޹֮
ѾǵħԶԶȴ̲סУ˵Ǻвɱ𣿣¾ħ壬ҲΪʲô㡢㲻¶ҵ𣡡
̧һ˫ǳȴƽݱӦǴȱƫƫӲһĨ΢Цҵң
ǰ벽ħ޾Ǿһ֮䳹ױѿڵأʳһѪ
ұȻƫǣ쳾ңȴҡĴ΢ºͣȴӲ͸һɭȻ֮⣺ֻʣΪҪ˴ҵĺ쳾
ұҵģ֣̇ȼյĻȻҲΪٿأٽЩħʬɴƷɻҡ
һ·ݶУҪɱ˴
˵Ĵ˸룬ҲɨȻʱȴ֮֮˸ҵ
ֱĳᡰסһٿפ㡣
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һǳɫĺɻ
˵ǺɻҲ׵Ϊ˴޺Ƕ仨·ƾԽչĻ£÷·һ̫Ե塣
ĳþ֮Уħŵؿ棬૵ǱǣĪɱˣӡѾ֪ĸˣҲҪƬˣ޷ΪǸ߰ɡ
һħ̲ס˵ߣ㻹Ҫƫƫ壬һ꣬ҪþġҲ̫˰ɣ
١ǰħֺЦһֽȻ෴Ϻں˿ԵͻأҿɱϾǹƶ˵ħ壬ܶħGǣôһƶˣƵ𣿣
ȴǶ仨Ƭ̧̣֣ȴûдǶ仨ָס˻֦һ
ǽΨһĻϧժ
֮˱Ӧ
һ˵㲻ǳ֮ˣĻ䣬Ҳܻ˿ϧ֮飬ôȱ΢ЦȴޱؽǶ仨ժ£
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һۣȻþĵĿֱֱӣپȻЦһЦ
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ܾˡħٻԱλħƶ˵ܵĻӦ
ȻȴҲѾ޷֤ΪºѾûӰҲѾ峤ķԸһ껨˳ȥ
СħһһûûεػȥˣǵƬӦҰħ޴Уɱ󣬾Ȼöûµħ޵
ؾ֮ڣһĳֱͦ꣬ǧֻδϨķȵһϢĻᣬõؿǰİǽȻУȴӰؾ֮ĽģһϮ£еľϡ
ĳֻվڱıԵֻҪǰһţͿ̤ƬڵνҰ֮С
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ʦʲôҪ˵𣿡ᴭЩԵʵʲô㣬ǰתһȦҴ·ÿ𣿡
ʱͫ΢ȴԣֻЦҲûʲô£ֻϵĻöˣЩţСʦһ¡
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һ̣ӵŮ̧֣žһƬ˸ʱߣƺζֻٵؾ˸ʱߵ⼸Ƭɫ꣬һȥƬ̾һСš
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ɲǼ䣬붦ˮȥֻԼͶԷǳĺ
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Ȼһ̣ʱ㴥ĳݱߣǲôؾ˿Ĵݡ
޼ЩãȻر⣬ɲǣ̲ס̧ץס˸ʱ䣬һֱ̧֣סĲӡ
һ̣Ҳֲ壬ԼΪֵվסҪץŸʱ˵Լٶ࿿һ㡣
˵ĺ𽥴أʱȴȻӲʱɿЩЩãȻ޴ʱЦһÿ
޺ǷӦһᣬŽ׹ڻش֮ǰĴòÿ⡣
򦱻ȥĻЩ½ϣʱĿЩϣ΢΢һ٣ﾹȻЩίί嵭ϲ
Ϊ㲻⡣ôۣҲôӻȴҲ˵ֱĦЩĳִ֮սૡ
ǴĴһֱӵĶ࣬ĴĶϣƬ̺󣬾ȻҧһĶ
ͫ΢סʱ͵һ
ʲôû˵ȴѾ֪ĵ״ǰ⣬ٴЩЦ⣬ߵ
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154 
Ƕ۵õԭڸʱ֪ʱУô˲䣬ָҪɿȴסָ֦Ҷ
ƿشοʱҲǳģǲݳݺɵٶٿһԭԻߵϺڵӴӳ񶼴δĴïʢϲľӸ
ֲĵӱĺҹҲѣһƬ鷨ٿԼ£Щֻ̽ͷĲľҡͷβչ̼֦Ҷïʢɵ¶Цݣͷжѣʹޡ
ʮºſЩÿģ˵Ҳϣ˶ел㱣ǡ˴Ŀĵ״̲סҪǰ䡣
ȻδüнÿǻдЩ
ҲȥҩˣҿԼˣ
ԼֵĲݣԼĻԼĶҩ㣡ҿԸ㣬ԼԼأ
ʮͣסŲͫ׵ĬȻ
ԼԼֵֻطİɣ
ʲôԼĶҩ㰡ϺŶѶҩԵ
ֲ֡˹
µһҪĽڳĵһţʱ˿Ҳо˺󾱷ʮ´˿Ѿ̤˷鷨ĻСһ˳Լ룬ʲôΣش㶾һɥ
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ЦĻɫƬնȴûд͸µһƬӰ
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ŶӦһٵǣÿ𣿡

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Ҳܴͷβƿߣп˺һڵĺǰ̲סҪʱȵı飬ųġ
Сޣôƣ
ȴٿһתЦһ㲻˵Ҿ͵Ĭˣ㶼֪ÿΪʲôΪÿûջܵʦĵģУʣ⣡

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׻ҪԼ˫ţԼĽۣȥƬأվǰԼѾ£ȴ뿴
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ʱǶ޵ģ˿ע⵽Ŀ⣬ȻҲֱȻߵߣһֻƯ˽ɱ䲻ô޵ˮ
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΢˿Ƿɵؿαϣڷɢ䣬סС˵ԳȴȻ¸ƹ̫顣
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Ӱʧĵط·СͷֶһȻ֪޴ȥ˭ҶȻĲ
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160 
ȥغ֮ǰϢɴѶ
˵жݵɧңɽձŽɲصǣӰ쵽˺ľٰ졣
Ѷ赭дȻݻţԴɺݣȴڿһֺ󣬱˱ۡ
Զһ顣
ν˺ɽȻɱȥ
δȥɣȴȾѪȴƽɮһһϡԸɱȴҪɱǽѪӦ˵ģȴѪѪһ
νȻ˵ɵйһս
лһ飬ûнһɱޣͬڶڵһսʤδ֪
飬ɱ֪˭Ҳ޴ڡ
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޵ۿЩʪ󣬵ûĲҪᣬҪҪס
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ǰݵʱҪǿΪ˸ıǱֻƵϣԼ˥Ľ֡
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161 
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ˮףľ󣬾ѾڵɽѪ߹Ҳһ˱顣
޻ǿֿ־壬ְ̧Ǿ­֮ϣʶ͵عע˽ȥ
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ĳλʱ޺͸ʱɿظȥˣٻǵ·ݾȻظ˻Ķ飬һ·ö֮ħķȥ


162 
ִڶ飬飬һ졣
ڸɽСʱ޻СһΣѾԵøҵˮ©ˣ˻˰࣬ôĵħ֮С
·ħʱһЩӴд˳ŴеһƬλãȻħ£Ҳϣκš
ûʱҪݵȺã֮ʱһɨȻħط
ħȻϣ㵱ʱըĽģϸƷһܷһЩϸ΢֮ƶ෱ĵ
Ŀ˶٣Լ͸Щ񿴵ħĳá
˵֪ħ֮ʱʲôʯģܹһǷƷըĵطֶ飬һʱ֮޲ϣõķʽڸǵĿԡ¼
˵ЩըħģĵʦҲϴȥ˼䡣
Ͼӵħɲʲô˽顣
һ߰˼⣬ȴְ׹˶ĩβָԪתٶȸЩ߽λõĵ˱ǡ
ȻǸŻӽģΪ˲¶ȻҪ㡾ְء
Ҹʱ޲ûбֿҺɲɣóħ߶ڵ
һһңӣִ˼ʱ䣬ȴʼ·Ķһۣͬʱӳ˿ܷٸԼ
˴ǰ֮ǰͬϴΣ޺͸ʱν׼
޽ʦҶʫԼĻ˴룬ֻΪظƷֽɰ
ĳֿҪħ֮²δģֻС¥ļλʦֽ֪֮ǰ˶ҩĶʦ֮⣬λʦ㶼ʱ
Ȼ˶ᣬЩ֮ߣʲһҲ޷ִ̽ɰΪڻƷֽ֮ϵ򵥷䣬Ѿȫ嶼˷ΨС¥ˣȻġ
֮ǰҲûϵ޵ѧ
ڲȻʦ֣ûбѹǰػڿⷿС鷿ֽµӶŻˣ˷ֽҪſڵϲֽһ㣬СʦʹĵĿ⡣
֮ȫС¥¹źȦЭ֮£˿˵ǬǬŵǬֽ
գ޺͸ʱָϢľħڶȥ
һߵĳλã;ΣգܵòִټˣһΣѾ·˲Ƭ̣Ѿִһפķſڡ
ˮй¶ֻƬʱָ˶٣׻ȻΪεķš
Ȼһˣˮؿϣûκ촫
ˮʵôأռ̶ȼڴѶ
ͬħ磬֮ĸ֮ˮȻۡ
ʱԥѾһѳˮָˮΧɸͳʮŷӡˮ˸̳һ޶УѾʵʵع
һˮްˮʮֽӽǬǬǬޱ֤ص˵ͷʱһߡơ
ͬһ˻ʱ˴֮ǿɼġ
ʱЩӣȴ׸ٻϷһ͵ؿȥƵˮ
޻ͷĶص˵ͷϸڣҪʦֵġ
һûȥħ˴˴ηôżˡ
ħ£˿̺ʣǽħ̽һľѻᡣ
޿һ۸ʱӶԷпͬ˼
ħɽɽħߣɽﶼڿգ۵ر鲼ǽֱ񷶥Сһ𲻶
䣬˿˵ӰҲ΢΢ҡεһص״붼˵졣
𿴶ˣƿߣǰҲĳصԾУ̲ס۾ٿס˽Ų
Ȼ̹;ǰһ
ʣЩˣһħиҪ
˼Ҫô죬ȴʱѾտ⣬Ǹħ­ǣһǰ˹ȥ
޵񣬸ʱüɵشﾡá
ޣ

û꣬տĽѾһ󣬽ţ­ǵĵײᴥı档
ʱýִȣһ̣ȷԼ֣һγĳ
룬ѾԼְ˸ʱֽϣһֻ˳Ƴ˺һը
ܿ죬ͷ֣Ǹʱڶ
ħ߶𶯣
ǵĽԵĻζǽϵҡҷзһߺХ˵ĳģƻĳļХ
ȻХȻǴһ
˴Ķħ֮еħ໤ȻҲʶˣŨħͬһʱ䣬Ҳǵ
Ǿˣ޺ԥؽеıը
ӣȻǺ·ġ
ֻֽɰش֮УرܿǱߵĿܣԱըֹ֯һ汬
޵ֿճͬһ˲䣬ʱѾǣסٴտ⿪·һԽǰϣ
ħ˴УȻٶȸ죬ҪǰϡġӰˣ
һ̣԰ǸӰ֣Ǿ춯صıը
ħԼ֪˭ˡ
ɫ䣬̰ǰȥҪܲЩ뼸ҪըħǽڣҲҪȽ촷ۣ
ľ֣ħľѾ˶ڣǰ벽ҪšΪȫǰҪ޵ǣҲ
ֱǰͻأسһ
һǳɫôĽ
ħ𰵵һԲħתҪǰ磡
Ȼзӿڷ·Ȼֹ
һ˫նۿ
һѪ޴­ǡ
˫пһǾ­ǣҲֻ­Ƕѡ
ħȴоĳս־壬ĸоֻڵǶһƬ׹ǰ֮ʱй
ǱܵؽԼһţԼĴڸнͣҪڵأǫģ
̣ħٴ죬ɱҲ­յһۡ
ҡҷЩɫӰ·ȼ˿նۿԻΪעһƬ硣
ֻһٴ죬޺͸ʱѾԶԨӳٶȱȴǰÿһζҪ죬ǰ˲֪ãѾҪܲħʱԨͣ
޺͸ʱݵ˿ֲҴؼ˴Щɫӵؿһտ­ǣпⶫֱõ·˴ħĽָע⵽Ļ
̫ѹûעΧıã˿̻عŷ֣ǾȻѾǽ򣬵ִħߵĸ
зӲ֪δļ϶
ǵǰʯܣܻ̾ʯ֮ϣܱѾһ
Щ֮£̬Ĺײġ
޳ĬƬ̣ڵǡħ𣿡


163 
ȻҪʱش
ʯߵعײĺбİصħ֣£Ȼİɭȴ˳ȾԿɼ˴Ҫԡ
ڵҵļУ˴ļ䣬Ҳȡ
ħ岻ĽգȴҲм˵
Ȼڵħ֮ݣڵҲֻһΣߵڿλãԿɼѪħ𱰵֡
ǡ
ڵһεļܵΪλÿӽҲֻƬΣϢѾ㹻ˡ
ۣ˾ٿǰĳλãֲ̧ƫָ˹ȥÿһεħǰΪԼ׼лĻʱľһߣελħĹ餡
ͬɫʻƵʯʹײĹ֮䣬׻һ߹·
ȻȻħĹʵڸ䣬ȴȻҲ˼Сһ֮ڣԭÿһڵ˾ͷʱԸǱס˽⣬֪ǡ
ΪҪĹ֮£ϸܵоǰĹѫ
һ߾ʯһе֣߹ٿͷ·ħʷ߹ЩУеļΣҲ޷ڸеѪϢҲеħµµһȴΪħѵõĺƽʱ⡣
ܹ޵ħࡣ
ִֻɨܿħĶԿ֮УԽˣĹԽǺΰûʡ
˵Ķٶȶܿ죬Ȼ˽Ųȴȫֻͣؼǰߣֱפħǰ׼õĹǰ
ıϻһƬհףûд⻹Ԥ˴ƬʯģȻҪЩطһ㷱ĵܡ
Իعһλħλ֮ʱɽڵħ޳ԼӡĶʣӵƬĹУǰé׳Ĺ
ޱô룬һǰĹľ
Ȼָٿס
ܹħײĵʯģȻһ޶ʯؾ֮֮ͿԸһЩ֪
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һҪ˵ĻҪŨһЩ
ʶƬ֮ǰȻһЩصĻӦ
ƬôӦǿҲӦ顣
ʦ֣룬ҪҵĶ档ջ֣ǰ˿ϷĹײĸǣǡҪƱ˵ĹײĸǣǲδЩ̫أ
ûɽȥأĹˡʱںЩȽڡʱ̧֣˵ָѾһ˳ŹײĶıԵһ飬Ȼ΢΢̧ǰһȥ
ʯĦЩ̶𣬷·ٿ˴˴õļžٴȴͻأĻ
кָǶµӰȻѣۿҪʱǡ
Ѿ˱ʱʱһߵտ⣬קʱһ£
ĺ·нȴ׷ԣʹˣտҲѾڰһʯȻ
ȻҲʶ޵ĽɫٿŨҪϣ
һֻƯס޵֣ٴĽ⣬Ƭײ
ʱĳĶԳ֮𣬺ҲмֱɢҲѾӦɿ˽ٴӻһ
գڹײ֮оѾʧȥ塣
ԽԽĺŨħӹײӿγһЩӰ
ħ޾ɲôտûã
ﵱȻ˵տûãָ洮Ǹ­ûá
ֻһηˡʱײûһͷĽտݸ޷ٳԨ⣺ֻħûʶħԴȻ­ǡ
ڹľΪʲôлηħҲֿԡ
Ҫôĳħ崫ͳҪôΪػеʶƬ
ʱ޶ݵضһѾ˶Է뷨
ʱ𽣣ƷӿҪӰС
ħȻѾ飬һˣǿȻ񾳣ʱĽҲնã
Ѿ϶֮УݽӹĹأ»صľһʱеıѾһա
΢΢ۣ֪ʲô̧ڰһ
ܲĹ֮еıǣһϸϣֻҪһͻ᳹ըѿ
ñͲСı֮ǰǿһ㣡
Ҫը˵ء
ֻȻħһ˲ȴҲֻһ˲ˣҲ֪編ƵĻǷ񻹻ͬЧ
ħķ֣¶ԷϵҲֻǳ顣
ǶԷбǶ֣Ҳ޿ܿ羳ȥսʤħ
ħΪҪЮԷһ˲
ͬʱ޻Ҵȥ·
ȻĿ֮ʶ֮һƬͣҲκεĳڣ
ѵһ·
޵Ŀһǽϣײڲڶݵ˽һƬǽը뷨ȴֺܿ챻Ĩȥ
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·Ҫһֱ˽ֶҲ
Ӧ
ԨǷħ֮նѹħãħؾۣҲӦôܼرи󣬻ܺļ
޵ָստ⣬һٿ߸߾տ⣬һǿڹ餱ƿĿ֮У
տû餵ļͬһ˲䣬Ĺضۿɼ𵴣·ħŭӵص״ս벻ţʱҲѾһνǰĺ
һΣĶԲĶٴ죡
ĵһϲ̧Žײĸ߿࣬һΣĹ֮İĹ룬˵Կģ
ľֻǹ餶ѣڿһģһʯģʵıײ⻬ʯ棬͸һЩʯϴ΢
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Ƿ·˵һ˲䣬һν˴ǰϺʱħʱĳ
ٴԷģֻһ壬ȴƿ;ӶӮɲǣٿ˶ԷԼһ˫ۡ
Ŀ̫̫أ̫
һָо·ԷĲǳ¨ӣԼ
Է˵ʲôʲôҲǵãǵöԷòֻǵһ˲ԷǵЦݡ
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˵ԼҪʲôûκνֻͣͻأؿʼ˵ʱ
ʱȴѾˣбԨһʮؽķ볾Ҫ׶ڵϣ

ʱ࣬ճָֻսϣޱؽԼĽķһע£
ħߵͷиĺīɫӿħڴǰľٴ׷Ӱиŭȡ
޾ԼҪԿħۡ
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տ˸Ƭݺݴ£һ䣬ľٿһŹ˵Ӱװʧ
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Ĺصıըħħӿ˴󣬺Ȼըѣ
ħأ߶ʥĹʯᣬ餽΢ãȻ󡭡ð̡


164 
֮ϣңǺ۾
ЯԼһȻըȴҲδ뵽˿ħصðϾʱȥʯʯ׶ʲôȼҲ֪ôȻȼЩɫ
ħײĵ׵ƬʶƬȻġ
һҪ˵ĻԼڼ˵Ŀء
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в֪յ㡣֪˶ãҲпֻһ˲˵ǰ˹⡣
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ҪȥץסƬƬȻֵ֣̽ƺշǰƬȴ·Ӱһ㣬ָ䴩ʲôԴΡ
ɸ֪ǰδеƬĽߡ
ͻȻ뵽˴ǰǾ仰
ҪԼ۾ȥҪȥܡ
±ۣʶ͸˳Լʶ֪̽ķ̽֡
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֮ǰҰҲһƬžڣ˿̣ûӰվһªСϣѪˮ˵һ֪ǰ·ΪεѪӣ˵ǺеˮȴȼյĻ
䣬ȻĳյĸоȴӴ͸·Ҫÿһʶ֮ϣ
ӺܿӱصĻ䣬ǻ˸ߣ޴ĺ֮ɫؼںӱߣ̡
һ̣ǧ仨·ʶ㣬һתͷźСķӿ˻ħһ

ϣ׷𣿡λħ뵥ϥڹ餱ߣǿѹŭʵ
ֻ˵ҲѾܱ֮Ϊˡ
Ҳ۴ǰЩըĹ޴˺Ĺؽļ޿¸ʢڱʱħܡ
ǰ߱ӦħɺϢ֮ףҲѾķѣѳǧʯ顣
ЩʯıԵȥǱըģǱһһ⻬ƽ
ħӵϼһʯ飬ָĦƬ̣ɫ֮ǰ԰ࡣ
ħΪħıô꣬ΪѪΪΪֱΪ֮ħ嶼û˵Ϊܹ
ȻǧȴҲһֱֹڴˣޣֻ˵ħޡڴ˴ˡ
δἰħ֮һ
Ϊǰǣûˡܹͻ˿̵Ϊִߵı˶ˡ
Ӧġ
ǵԴλħ嶥˵ħյ
һ뷽跨ظħֻΪħΪһ㡣
ɰϹ֮еĴڣʶģȴ϶Ӧ֣
ΪԷֻΪ˥һΣһΣԷȻֹ
Ǳϵ­ǣҪϯϣͼǾ­ǶأȻȴظоڱʱĶٴ֮һһ裬ؿʧǰ
˿̣ħڷӿۣѾܾúܾö֪۵ζˡ
ֻԼ֪߹֮еĺԼķ֮һΪɵķǰһƬӰ֮󣬾Ӳһ߷˺˿
ħʲô
ˣʲôر֮
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ֻ׷ˣӳҲɲħѪӡ
ĸ֣ħжļɵ־壬һظǡ

һնǰӿĻ棬ȻǴһʼǡ
õƬԺ󣬴ǰסǵؾƿˡʱ侲ػӽǰĻ飬ɢĻĲȻġ
ɫϮ̫ͻȻӽֱֿ޺˰벽Сײʲô
ףСͺٻͷȥȴԼտյСȴĴȴʵڵġ
ɻظȥҲһС
Զ˼˲޳磬Сȫ˺ãŷ֣Ȿͼֻ˶СϣоȻһ
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Ȼǣһб˴
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𻨷·ǰ˶٣Ҳ֪ǲ޵Ĵܾķָĳһ˲䣬˼£ûбʱȻ˿
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ҲȻʱָ̧򰶱ߣµ˵ķ򣬻ӳһâⲻͨĺӡȻܸоʲôļקȥ
֮ǰעϣŽĿ˴µĴϡ
ѪɫŨҺ建ʣϵл׹Уȴ޷κһʲôڻ翰ɲǣѾɫɴ
̽һűըں֮ϣըըˣ޴ĳȥٱϮĻɫǵһ㷢β
ѪӵĺȴȻƽġ
ƽȰ߿𻨻Ҫ˿־塣
޵Ѿ˾ϡ
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ԨĽкХԨնеĻ𣬱ըһŽһţ·н£ըҪһֱߣһΣ޵ķҲ˰ߣ
һ޴ĺȻ
·ĳּʹӰʹ˷֮꣬ȴߵһƬһϣͻأһš
е𻨹϶ڷ·һ㣬һ١
޵ȻʱȥСϵʲôֻɿ츩ЩֽŵȶһԶһǬС
ѪӾʣС֮ǰȻǰ·֪ΪηǰҲ֪Ƿľͷ
ֱһƬɫٴһεĻ𣬺Ʊ֮ǰÿһζҪӵȣӵİԵ·˷ŭϢ
ڴͬʱʱɫҲЩѿսеĽǰӵխˡ


165 
ʱϺʱҲȻĻɽŨҽƬأ˼ΪԼҪĩա
ͬĩհĺҺĽ֯ȴʱĸоͬ
ɽӿĻɫǼѹֺıŷĳצҪص
ǰխĺ棬ܼɫӿ޴󻨶䣬ԼС֮´ϢŨѪӣȴϢѹֵڤ֮·
⵽Ŵտ⽣뽣­ǡӦħħɱħȻﲻúڷһһֻסԼļʡ
Ҷħ֪ʶЩ¥ļأǲȺ飬Ҳܲ˾ϸš
޻ڻУԼĶڵԼģļҵ˼ֻƬĻ
Ҹոһżżע˭дһ¡ȥлǣħȻҲСôбԨ֮뱱УҪڶڷ޵ı֮鴮ܻ⿪ԩꡣ޿ǰĻ죬˫ը
ĳ̶ֳ˵ӵ̿ȻƸҸȴѾñըȼˣķ㹻ֱӽɫֱըһƬڡ
Ҳֹķ⣬ʱվͷָŨѪҲҪѳһ貰׵Ĺ⣬οЩҡҷȴɲ𻨡
ĻɹأɹƵ˼䡣ħأһƬͷƤļϸʹУħʳӦصȻ󣬻ҲƯǻصס
ûٳûصǧǧɣȻһƬѪɫӣصסעһƬѪɫͫҲҪѪɫҫ糺죺ΪħѪӡ
ӱлħز۵ͯӵ̣ɳĻ䡣֮ϡûһ磬һ֣˷ղȥȡ˼֮ħ곤нѡ
·ںӦĻֻһ˲ԸʱһնĽ֮УйѪɫİƮ˹ڿģƻǰģ
һ̣ǻǼХһС
ߵ𻨻ԭǰ̫УһƻӰĸ֣ǰѪɫϵҲɢȥ
޵ԿԽԽխĺӵϣ˼ͷƤؼλ꣬Щ޷ֱֻ̧ۣ𲱾ֻΪסµĻ⡣
Ļɫλ˷ڵݣȻǼʹ֣ûٵҲŤɲɫǸ죬ȻʹˣҲǱһ㣬׷ԼĿʹ֮Դ
еλ̵ÿһ㣬ǱۿɼƮƮһ㣬λлȥѱ˰΢λܿ챻λ곶ȥûѪ֮Уټ
Ҳ֪СĻǣЩ˺Ļǣȴʱȥѣǵġ
ɫӿĻϣø죬һ·ۣޱȣȻȴؿ̤ĵطڿףȵС۽ǰʱֻʣһȹǡ
Сϲ˺ü磬ǻڵ˽ȴҲֻײ˿֮ϣһ޴졣
ûơ
һ̣λѾק˺ӵס˫ۻ裬ûٵϺдԹȴҲǲ޴ľ
Ȼһ˿Ѿ𵤣޵Կ羳սһǿԳԪӤڵȫһġ
δ֪Ĵڣ֪Է᲻ᷴڴħѪгٵĹǿ
֮ǰŵı̫ԣһֻḧЩɢҵķ˿һͷ󣬸ʱһֳֽһֻֽ뻳УȻͷһ£оͷģٳһš
ͷĻͣƬ̡
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̲סڵһָо÷ѩѩɽϡ
ʱʲôо
ʵԪ徻
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ŮԼʱ򣬾徻ʱ̲סֵ̧һ޵Ķͷǲﲻԣ
ŷӦʲôȻȥںͲȵĻȴԵøſڽƬ̣̲סЦ˳
ŽձһЦɢʱҲ̲ס¶һЦݡ
۵ȴǳġ
ħѪӵĴ˵Ҳ˵ġ
ֻ˵֪ģ֪ģҪһЩ
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ħѪӣ޻ء
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صǧǧɣ˵Цѡ
ҲǾް취
Ʃ磬һ껻һ
ʱϻһɢЦݣֻɫش˿Լս֣۵׵ĳŨ
ȴΪµľԼ֪ĴΪ١
ӵԽԽխСǰȥۿǰȥٱ۱ɴ߻䣬޵ԽԽ죬ıըҪǮȥϸʹ𽥱Ӥޣǡ
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Сʦãʱ춯ȻɫŨңһʱ֮侹Ȼ޷ٻͷֻýСʦ㻹𣡡
ĺʶҪӦȻ˼ȴڲס³·Ҫ͸µСۣٳȥյѪ֮С
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һħʱ򣬾ѾЩڶħʹĮȻħɱֱֻʣ󼸸Ĳпử档
Ȼ˿̣ģȻǸʱҪ˷ָ
ħͱħ֮Уľϣٱϸɾۣ󱻴Ű׶ħʹע벻ͬҩٹһһŵ֮С
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166 
ٺЩҵֽϣббȥˡ֣еʵҲѪɫǡ
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ħϣʵǡϵأȥ
ʱħ䣬սħ޵Ŀ־壬Ҫ೤ֻһΪÿһյĳе־塣
еѪȣеĴĿģеĲбΣŨľһ޷ѡ
óѵħѪӣӦá
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Щоĳ㣬ЩѪȵ㣬еԹ죬·ңңָһ˵Ĵڡ
ûǸˣǱڡ
Ҳǻһ̬ϣǣ
޷Щ棬·𻺻ѪеһŨȵˮűأȴҲŨʷС
ħӳ֣ͬѪӡ
֮У
յͼһս֮;ӶħٻʶӴ˵
ڵĳԣķʽ
Ƿأ
ǻٱ䡣
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ڴǴԲôʵֶŪģЩҲЩȱȫ
˵ӷ𡱵ʱĳЩƫƧɡӷ𡱡
Щֿ߳ڵľģħʲôȱ첲ȵζ
𾭾Ƿ𾭣֮ģҳҲʲô󲻾顣
η֮ģѹԵЧȻࡣ
ûƬѪ飬Ҳ֪ԼȻĵطҲݵӵйͽ
ٷֻ˫ֺʮ˵һƵġӷ𡱵ģͽ
ѹЧսȥЩ׵ؼգԱȴǰҪ׺ķʽչ¶
ǶʱħѪɺӣЩħķƵڵأִ׳ĸ첲ѿɮ۸ǲסβͻزڷϣë׵ϣһ˫ûиӾע䡣
ҲʱڵǿҹҲɽϹҲ¹Ѫᣬħһ磬ȴע޷Ťת
ҲȫȻһ־硣
Դ˺ڵõɮԶɻħԩ꣬ԡǰŻһ֮ǰһɱ
Ծĵľ磬޳ͨ͸ۣ䲻ܿδȴҲЩԤС
޵ʶȻȴѾʶ㶯ٴ˱ںеһĺɻ
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ʱ۲࣬һֻֽڻУ󣬽֯һƬܲ͸Ľ磬εػ˽Ӱ֮С
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ĵԪҲѾϡȻעԪ˵Ȼ˷ȴĳֹעһɫʣȻѾԼһ꣬һ
СѾһҧɫλ֮ǰܣӵǸʱĽɨ̧־ͿԴߵ𻨡
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ʱЩϲصͷСʦã
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紩Ѫӣ̧֣ڰһץĶǽһƷץסٷڱԱš
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ȻĿٿס
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ΪʲôʱϣһʵڹֲͬĹͷأ
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һϦ֮䣬ӵ˿Կ͸ħȴûȥ룬ΪθʱϻĶ
Ҳܿ壬Ҫ뿪ƬħѪ밶ߵ𻨡
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̧֣ʳָָ֮両һöɫӡ
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ĶѪӶ·𱻻Ѱ㣬Ȼ
ʱûɿԨָȴȻȻ˼ǰŮϴǰʲô
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ʢѪ٣֮ڳ˳˺֮һɫʡ

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167 
ѣ̣Ѫӣ뱬ѿķһڽƬռնһڡ
һѾߣעļеԪն̣ǽĵԪնϡ
۵ɫףҡҡ׹ֱʱһС̤Ƭڽ֯Ѫ硣
һƬɻĻƮ䣬ʱĴСȴܿת˺ǵصһŷɫ
ϵÿһݺᶼǷʣЩһμյĻظסԷݳ˴
ֱǴϱգҲûκһ˿͸ƬɫĻڻѪ֮С
Щ鱻еĻЩԼǰδȷķʣ¶˻㱵һ˲ħѪӺƵ֪һƬɻܶɻġ
Ƶĺӵ±ǰһжƴδѪӻǾʵ糺ͽȴŬظںϣֻΪסһ䰶߶Ļ
С۽ûױɴĨȥڹĺۼ
ħĹϣħָԼѵĹľϣɫȴԽԽȻһܡôܻᡪ
һֻƬǰΪħ´ʲô
Ȼȴȴħһֻٿͷϣһ˲ȫѾʬˮ鿪ĹƬȥ
ħޱضǰ餵ĵײ
ʧȥƬƬ
ħѪûסֻ
ؼǡ
ΪʲôǸ󣿣
УĴﱻħǣѵȻѾ߳ʿǻͨˣ
ħ۵׵ɫ粻գʲôҲû˵ֻתħķȥ
̫Ҫȥһʡϵλڡ

޵Ļͬ˺ѰʹڵĽ˻Ľ⣬סٷĵ
Ԩ⻯һӰҲ޵ڣεظĵ֮⣬һǰͨٵݡ֮ʱ
ҵʹУ޵ʶȻһƬ֮УɫͫȻй¶Щӵܣָ׶ǳ֮ɫ·ʲô綾
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ϸĶ⴫ʱܵ˽ӽĿŴӻеŮƿƤ˹ȥ
˷κˣѪڣѪδɣ̧֮ʱﻹظλ¹·εĴʦ֣ǴӢȴηǰ벽Ķɷ
Ҫ͵͵ȥ俪ʯģһɢޡ
ƽûмĿĳɫʯԼӵöʯǮЩǮ㹻֧һҲ˵
Ȼһ̣ͱʱԭء
ɢһɱȴȻǵһμĿ⡣
һ˲Ů˷һδȴѾонͷƤǰһİ׺ۣ
ʶɢѾȥ룬ԷѾʲô硣
һԲȴѾ˶Է˼ﻹȥߣȴڰ׺֮ʯؿͷжԷԼһ
ʱɫؿˣȡ޹޹֮˵ɶԷȴ׿޴ʱ
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ʱĬƬ̣ͷ޽üͷף˸һϴȥѪգٴǬȡһŴ멣档
ȻԼһͨݣվ޺ᱧڻͷԼϣųǳصķȥ
󣬰ʧȥ˹ʯٿ˻ҽɢũ֮У֮УҶ΢ΣǱȴǰ׳˼֡
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ũ۾ԼǲǿˣĴʱ½ߵѾʧС
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νһ껻һȻҲ޳ֽѪӵĻʱȷţȴȫȷôˡ
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˶ħɫѪ죬ħ֮ʱɲѪɫԼЩħʱ֮ͫѪ졣

ļʱڴϣЩ׶ħʹóǸװħǵĺӣٴ򿪵ʱ򣬺﷢Ĩ⣬ƫУǱɫ


168 
޵ʶȻ޾
˵ʱħѪʱ·һԹߡ
ôʱ˿̣·ǧħеһԱ޷ԹۣǱЩ顣
żʶҲʱԼ֣ǵԼǸ壬ˡ
ȴֺܿ챻ĺصļĳѪд궯û
ڵҵļ䶼һЩ䳤еƬˢһĻĻеһ硣
Щ֮⣬ԼһЩ
Сʦá
һʮöᣬԴɳƣȴʮᡣ
ӦƣģӦԶ緢üĿ⡣
Ϊʲôôã
ڽ˭Сʦá
ãһ˲ֳʶС
Ȼǵ
Сʦá
Сʦá
Сʦá
Ѫ߹ʱٿãվħĻԭϣŲ֪ӺζľʱںȴԼòʱ
ΪʲôῴԼ
ӰɽɫԾͶӰӣȴΨû
Щ㱵š
ͲӦ
ͷȼѪ֮ʹٴǵذϯ
ƿҪ׹ĳЩ޾Ԩȴʼվһߵ±ߣδ׹
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ΪһħĹϵֻߡԭ
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տϵöͷڣûħЩԾĻɫ˿̵­ǿͨͨЩµĸɱðˡ
ʱɨȥһۡ
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ΨһΣ̡
СʦáЩ̾Ϣػٶ˶٣øȴҲΪҧгݵޡ
ħǣδħƾʲôħ
Ķͷϡ


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һںЩϤЩ㱵ţٺܻʶԼ֣ںԼ
ʹϯȫѾôˣȻЩϤ·ľҲ˿ѹһΡ
ʱʶѣһʹӺζ
ħѪлµ֮󣬱עеԪУݺʮߣͬĵһ㣬άС
ԼܲˣηһѪӣӲһ·ȴҲڡԼĵ
ĵҪ۳ɱģȴĳᶨĵ֮⣬ǵĸоҲϤͷ·ǵʱʱߵ
Сʦãǵᶨ𣬷·Ѿǧ飺
޵һصͷ
ŻӦһĺ
Ӧأ
˻ʦãóΪʦ֣
ſڵʦ֡
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Сʦãҵ𣿡ʱ󣬽ٺһ㣬ֻħĲɿ״̬Ȼ֣ԪסعڣԨһĵϸ⣺Сʦã
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ΪǴʦ֣
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ɱƾ֮졢Ϊ嵽ҲѾȥʮ꣬Уȫõ޵ԴŨǿʦָ㣬õᡣ
ʱ˺ͣŵһ
ͬһ뻯񣬿Ʋһ̾Ϣ̧ۼ䣬Թغװνħ֮ħĵԼߵħѪеһѪսЩ˾޿ܾսŴٳտľƾ
ޡҲһʱ䡣
ŨҵĵҩĲȥιһҩ˳Ҳûױȵٶȡ
ʱ˹ǣ޵Ŀȴ͡
Ϊãֵá
ϣĲеڶӵƾٶΪмˣ֮ܳʱܵĵʹأ
ʲôԵ޹ʵĲͶеֻδ֪ۼҲļ
ʱ˼ת䣬Ѿһҵֽˣô˵ȻΪԷƾٶͻأе𾪣ȴ˵ĸж
˵ί
־䣬ָһʵ
ΪҪõվߣҪȥʲôõĻȫƾġ
ĵĳֽļ¶ָȴͣѶм䡣
ͬʱ˼ٴȥ
ûҪݣ޷֪ЩȻƵĴѶУٲĽɡ
ѲӸɽһ˳
÷ҽɡ
԰꣬䡣

лţԨۼͼͨ
غ£ȡ
Щһͬ

еĻﶼܼ̣ǻκһֻô˲ڴϢˡ
븵ʱȴѾ˾κˣ
ԭֻΪ븡ɽѲĹϵ˺޲ھıǵҲҪһ·ɱʱЩߣȴϡĴ󣬾ȻӰ
غµħͷ­ֻʣ­һ£ҲһΪ
ŴѶָڷףһֻḲֱϣĵ¶ȴݸٷһš
ǰдѶͬݡ
ǴǰǾƺ󣬼ᶨ̵ּؽŹ滮Ĳ裬ô˺ļţͷ·һˡ
˵õĲһ
Ϊʲôǣǵڴʲô⣡ʲôң
˵ס
ңҡ
ȥĳɴ߲Сڣ֪Ľ
ѶϵּԽԽʲݣԱϣɴ˿ɼԷдЩѶʱļԿơ
˭
˭ǣȥˣ
һҪ˵ĻʦʦֻʦѾһϵıеܺߣѵ֮⣬ˣ
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ʲĵףڴ˴ۣҲòʲô𰸣ҰЩ⣬һָصĴѶŵһߣһģֽš
Ȼڷֽ֮ǰָ΢٣˾ĬƬ̧̣ۿ˶ĸʱ
µֽкܶ֡
նͨȾֽӡҪ÷ֽֽ̲ܸ˼ϲٻ˼ԶֽΪ󣬱Ͼ˹ƷΪѵá
Ψֻһֽһ·Ψֻйǽϵλá
ֽ
·̫سֽ֮ϣҲ֮˷Сڹгĸʱ˵ʹֻȥ·Ҳжֽ١
һ۾Ϳ٣ȴ¶һɢЦݣҲܺ浽дʲô
ȴû̴ֻֽǶ۾֪ˣ
ʱĬƬ̣ǵõһħʱˮ𣿡
ˮ˿Ҳŷڻƽϣ޵Ŀⳤõͣ棬뵽˴ǰʱǹ֮ʱȻ緢뵽˱ʱһߡ
˶ָס˸ʱ֡
ɢƻ벻⣬֪ʲôѾʹʱ˿̣̻Իͺ߽𶥵ĹǾʹ̮Ҳᶯһüëգһգۡ
˫ǰ¶ȵ֣˿ȴѾ䡣
ڡʦ֣ڡ


173 
ʱעŸԼϵֻ۰׵С֣ٷסٿüЦЦɨȥϴǰе˵ѹȻǼٵģǰȥһΪʲôȴû뵽ԽãҪʵΪʲôȻ
̲סڰοʵҲ˵
ʱһָһꡱĶЩεЦЦСʦðϣûɺϵġ
˵赭д޵ȴ͵һ
е飬ӳֿʼǱȻʱĴߴЦĿȴŸҵѪȴ˵ţ顣οģǻʼҰ
Щʷ赭дİֺֽ󣬶ĲɱѪɺӣһǿݣοһλ
Ļλ֮£ǿݹǣѪǼзڵ顣
룬Ȼһˣߴʤ
ʱСܵıͳĻʼҽӿɵһжΪ˽ǸλõĽӰˡԣףǸλϵ˾ʲôˡ
ʱЦ̧ۣ޵ֱɿָ̧Ǽűż㡣
ָֽŵͬʱȴ˶٣ȥһԵĴѶָкơЩͬ
ͨĳ⴦ҲԹͨ򣿡Ʋȴ֪ʲôӡ
Ļﻹû˵꣬ʱż㾹ȻѾ𰸡
Ի˹ƶɵֽŹȻãñ¡ýλ֪첻ˣǰյһӣΪҴ¡
֮͵ɿ˴ż֣ĿԿƵ˴ǰһѶϡʣЩѶҲضַͬƳġ
仰˵ÿһż֮Уһ
֪еʶս־壬зĸоӿ
ɫףȴסٿ˸ʱ
Ȼһղ֪Ǵͷβ֪ʱغһż㣬ȥЩѶԱߣٵǲż㣬ÿΪȥĹˣҲѾһ˵֡磬Щݵĳϵ
ЦһҶ󵽣ҸڽЩƳżʱ򣬻ЩЩܷã˵Ὣ⵱һʹ͡
ɫ԰׵ؿ˵Щ飬Ȼǲֱ֪֮ʱ׻Щʡ
ҡʱסеһЩεĵ䣬ߵЦȴȻڣģȵǸλʱ磬ֻҪյһЩʵȨĻȥŸıеľһŭʬ򣬵ΪһƢ˽
ɺأ
Ǿ˵ĻҲڣ˵ԺԼе㲻˼򴽣޺˵Ҳ١Ҳȫ
޲ȫǰο
ȻԻҷ֪֮࣬δĳַʽԼ˵ĳЩϰɽЩϵĳðˣֻҪǿ˭ȭͷ󣬾͸˭ġ
ʱЦؿȴڴۿԼָżʱ򣬱Щ㵡
żϵֲ࣬Ȼȫڹոʱʱĳɳ켣
ȴ֪ϾȻĬĬعעҡһȤ顣ʱ㵵ؿԼҪ˵һЩ£ƩԼ˵ԼǺʱܵȻȻģЩżϣȴһһ¼úʵ
̲סһ䣬ĲȻ˶ֻ֮ʱģԾȻֽϡ
ָЩ첻ּͣĩһ仰ϡ
˳ַ˷ʣµļżĩˡ
ÿһŵ󣬶дͬһ仰
һּĻơĵ
ʱעǾ仰䳰Ĳȥʲôˡ
׼̻𹩷֮ˣȴȻ֮ʱӦˡ
޵ĿĶͣǾ仰ϡ
ȥħ񣬲ãأΨħ
Ըħ

ӻƽԭ·ʱҹĻѾʹ
ݼҳдƮԼЩ㣬лЦǸ˳ȻûʲôʳԵĹء
ʱޣȴǸһۣȴҡҡͷȻѾ磬ͲȥˡôʦֳһѾ˵Ĳˣ
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ʱȻ֪ȻǿֻΪЩȤĻ̲ס˹
Цˡȴһ˲˲ضͻȻֵ
ʱ㶣ҺܾûЦ𣿡
ҲǡҡҡͷֻЦЦվЩ𡣡
ʱĿ⣬̲סķȻĵǣȴû뵽ȻŬҪһ㡣
ĵЩһɨգʱ̲סĶͷһҹٻС¥Ҳ١
ۣȻ㻹ҹ·𣿡
ʱЦٸȥȻʰ˵Ŀͷ޻ʱȴͻȻʵ
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Զ𣿡ʱʵ
ԶȻҲָܽĳ򣬿ݸ֮󣬾ǰ죬ҲָǱʲôοҹӰء
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ޣҼңʲôĵģҿﳤġ
ʱȻǹȥһ˱ȷֿʱķ䶼ҸڣÿҶǿȥŻطģϰߡ޷ۿʵշת࣬ǵý
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ʼٻԼÿλطʱǷиʱߣȻһʱ˵˵ʵǵָһӼ䣬ϸϸÿһʱȴʵǷϸܡ
ڽ䣬ʱѾȻǣ֣̤ʯС뷿ķȥ
ֱҪſˣ޲͵ػعʱ㲻ûôֱҵ
ҵ԰С·䷱֪ж·ô·Ըʱ˵ȴȫ⣬ǵһ𣿣
ղָ˷ʱ̹Ȼҵ˲·ʱȻڷǻʶѡȻҵ
ǿͣȴʱٿһ·ʲô𣿡
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ҹɫĻСԺǽȴǶƯ˶һҹ飬ȻòյҲøʱϵһ˿Ȼ
ûûС
ĴûעԼı󣬻仰˵ʱĿôΣһҲûĿ͹ʱأ
پôһ顣
ʱ
ֻӦһȴĪ̾Ϣһ˿޵ί
ȥɡʱ￴㡣
СŶһԺźȴĪ尾ԺţƬ̺´ŷ̽ͷȻ˻վԭصĸʱ
ĿԣʱƢʵôˣ
޳Ƭ̣ôһ·ǡҪ𡭡
ȻСʦҲҵķ䣬˴㳤ĵطҽĲ̫𣿡ʱ΢һ£ʮòʵ
ĵ׵Ǹȴʢ
ʦֶԼķˣҲ̫С
ɴһѴԺţСȥŸʱֱ֣ӽ˽
תԺŵɲǣͷһ˿ֵĸо
ĴŸʱԺŵʱǲṴһĨĪЦ
ɵתͷٶϸʱ峺Ŀ⣬ʮֲȷԼղŵͷ
ǡǴɣ


174 
ǧݼҴССԺ۴Ӿɻǻ˵Ȼȫһġ
ʱǳؿһȦܣѾܿƵջĿ⣬ǿ˼ģȻ˵ĹϵѾʮܣҲûʲôŮ˵ǲ̫Խ
ݼҵŮȻ٣̤֮·СԺճɨά֮⣬Ȼûˡ
ҪʱȲ裬ȻҪԼݲ衣
ʱ䲻֮ƽʱҲ֣޺һȴȻ޹ֱʱסҪٴһſ֡
ʵֻ㳤ĵطվЦ⣺ҪȲ衣
Щڨڨؿŵ֣Ҫݲ裬ʵ
˵ģɲ֮һȻҲɣö衣ϴݲѾ֪ȥãǰˣ°˵һλС͸ŵǰ̫ӵ£ٿЩ飬Ƕסˡ
ɫʣҹĹâ͸ǹɫһҡ֣СԺƱҲҹҹƹ˵Ӱӣȴ硣
ԶĵطݸĸңңСԺĵƣ϶ЩЦ⣬ݸȥδڼСסŮ죬ȴĸסһۣûһɫѽû޴˻𣿡
ݸʧɫôͷô࣬ܲסһİɣ
ĸֱ׵ǣܵûһСչ𣿡
ݸֹɫùŹһѾȻûдȥ̽һ뷨嶯ŨˣǡҲ
ݸⲽɫãĸʯǰЦԼҽ겻ͷӣȴҲǹеؿСԺķ
СԺ֮УڶݵļžȴЦ
һҲͷˣȻس˲෿ţˣȻʦֲȲģҾҲˡԺӳǰһ飬һƬԺҪ𣿡
ʱ޲ӣ˵ӰӼһУǣ֣Ҳӷľɿ
ĵطҲĴڡ
ҲδԼİ֮ɫ֮£Ĭȴ׵ִ߹һϤ·ʱ
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ĽǶȿȥǡܿĺͻƯȻ˸ٴ죬ȥ
޵˼ҷɣĵԭÿˣǺÿ
ţ̲ס̧֣ǿͻ
ʱеĶٿס
ղžע⵽޵ĿͶˣȴδϵ־ȻͣĲϣ
ĿؿץסֻЩֵ̫֣ȴûֹĶǸƸõԼĲϣԼȻЩȵ¡
ʱʲôҲû˵ֻؿһ˫īڵ˫ȫӰӣ޼ܿԼı飬һʼסʱ·±ץסľѣ˿ĿµĲԾ
µļЩ֮ǰûе¶ȣ¶ȺƸȾָ⵽ⶼһ·ȼ
ʱʵҿ𣿡
ǲǵһνǡ
ǵһΣʱڿ֮ǰʳ⡣
ƵķΧ·𲢷ѯΪԤ棬̲סʼҪ飬ǰΪ֮
޵ִĲƵ棬ԴʦֵҪҳĵطҪҳĵطң
ִ˵·ѾմȾ˹ȡ
ʱ̧°ͣش̵ͦıǼ⻬䵽ĴǣĦеȻǶҪ
δ䣬Ѿ˿Ĵݡ
ڻƽ˵Ǿ䡰ڡʱˡ
ĳ嶯һ·ѹֵкȻ޿ϸ
ڻУӿȥ˵Ӱغϳһ¶
ޱǵҪվסȴʱ͵Цһٽֱӱߵ˺ԺԺеСϡ
һ·ϣ˵ĴݱûзֿȴñȴǰΪ˲ǹڸʱϣʱҲûɿֱ޲վסҲҪ޷ֱˮ㳹׿˸ʱϣԷɿ
ֹסشеջصһ۽ǵʵЩǱĸʱڶԷЦУٿ̧ͷҧסĺᣬʶȫĽӲٽأһ¡
ʱԭѾҪƽϢĺ͵һͣ󣬸һЩʶ͵ؽްԼЩܿƵؿĲҲ֪ǷƤԷȴδֱֻ·ҪڻС
źӲȴӵ·磽ʲôȴְֻʣ˴ϢҹУŴ˸й١
ʱһ䣬ŬرסԼǵǸңѸԼ˸Լͷĺˮɨ壬ɿޡ
ȴ޵ѾָٴЩŹֵؿ
ʱĵס⡱һ
Ȼһ̣ʵʦǵһΪʲô֪һӣ
ʱһ⣬ﻹô࣬ȴϾȻС޾˶ߡȴȻһƬƵ᣺Ȼʶ̽á
޺ɵضƬ̣û뵽ʦֵʶȻд˵ãһΪǰʵء
һô˵һеĻɸʢ
ʵҲûʲô֤ݣֻһֱֽظо
ˣôᡭСԺҵúϰ·߹·
ʶ
㸵ʱѾˣҲʶƵͬʱٷֳһȥ̽·İɡ
ʱ׾ؽ˽üһҪ˵ĻظôȻ·ݸŵôˣ·ĴȻҲ٣ҲĻȻġ
˵޷죬ҲʵϸϸƬ̣ôҲ޷̬зκζߣֻȰԼĻɡ
ŶһС
ԺУг˺ͤˮǳҡӰӣݼڻɫ֮Уʢȴûκ˵ó档
̤ȣȴǺֻͤվͤˮߣˮ֮ĸʱ֡
߽һüϲõ¶һ־
ʱЦʵʲô
ЦЦĳȥͳ˼űƽСʯӣ˳ȥ
ȻûõԪƾ輼ɺ־ŴһˮС̫ЩУСʯͷˮ˰ߵĲݶѡ
ûˮƯˣһΣһӳʯͷȻҲƯˮ
ԼδϣãҪٶ򼸸ȥԼСʯͷܻأȴȻ˸ա
ˡ
Щɨˣȴٿһֵֻݵǰ
ʱ𣿡
̧ۣʱѾȻ̯ġ
ʮ鱡ƯСʯͷģ״Сޱ˳ָУԼȥҲ⼸
ǡʱղŷһֱԼߣЦˮƯûж
ʲôʱҵʯӣ
Ƭ̣ͻȻ뵽ղڰͣǻѵʯӣ
ǡô֪
޵ٿ˶١
ЩھԶļ䱻˳ʱʱͻᶪöƯʯͷѰֻȥҼö
Ǹʱ򡭡ǸʱݸͲԸȤɵϷԾֻһվʯͷ
ȵٻȥʱȴԼƯʯͷȻˣԱȴһСƬСʯͷ
ǸʱΪ治ȴ͵͵Ϊ飬Ǹ˵רΪˣΪϲĽ
¹ƹһ䣬ЩңԶļ·ǰһص޿ŸʱĵʯӣڼʯʱմȾЩȴȻƯָĿƵϡ
Ȼʵڼΰʯͷ


175 
ʾ䣬ȴƿ϶䣬һ˫ЩɻȴȻֳγ˫ۣʱԭõߵĻҲĪ˵ˡ
ǹҪʱ֪Щʲôġ
ֻ⴦СԺ̫ף̫񾲣ԼÿһС¥ȥЩ⽣ӰĽ֮䣬ѵõһ밲ֻʶڰͣٸЩʯӡ
ô˲䣬ʵԼûʶԼʲô
Щϰߵ̫ǿֻ˵ΣǽͷʱҲֽ̫ʯӵݸӡ
յĻʵصЩģ޿˵ξѺ֮⣬Ȼеģ
ʱͫ΢٣δüӦȴȻѾ˶ߡ
˶٣Щ·ӰƬԼԺг̲ס䴽ǣӦҪ滰Ǽٻ
룺
ٻȻǣҲϲˮƯԿƯСʯͷ˳ּ˶ѡʱ˵ߴ֣Ĵһѷɫ޷ˮ׼ˮ
ʯײһȦһȦɢеûҶ֮£еȴײٶײ۵ĲƣֱöСʯԾ϶԰ĲݱߣôǰȻֹһ˲䡣
滰ʱЦЦҼǲˡҲΣҲʮΣҲпܸࡣȥһظҵĳڼ¼Եóһ׼ȷĴ𰸡Ȼÿһ·ݸʱ򣬶㣬ʱǱϻģҲʱʦ࣬ʵڲӡ֣޷һо١
̤֮·ţôܴδܹˡ
ʱ˵̫赭дȻ˶ѾǼҳ㷹ʱħѪУѪ½ʱҿǿţʵýʱ˶صˡ
ʹ˿ǰĸʱ»ü繣κܹ˵ĺۼ޵ĵ׻Ǻݺݵسһ¡
Щؿзӡ
˶༥ķҪ֣Ǹʱסˡ
ǵķ磬΢ǵһյĸʱЩ糾ͣˬȴȻüۡ
ҲΪǾǵĳ
־䣬˵ǡ
ԣǡ
ȥظ֮ǰ̫򵥣ûгԪ׿Ҳûżظɽ϶޵ǣ֮伸ȫûййңңһۣҲȷԼûмʱ
ϾԸʱ˵ûӡ󣬸˵ǡ
ʵãȻ񣬸ʱ̲סЦЦЩʯͷģһֻںĲ˲ϴȥ࣬˳ͳһϸһ̧ͷ΢Լߣüǡ
ҲǺ飬ϾҵһμʱʵǱúܡʱ۾ͱǼ⣺һҪ˵Ļҷϣǵôǵģ
ⱾӦΪֹȴٿץסӣ㱵ʵȵȣ˵Ǳǡʲô˼
ʱȻȴ޶˶٣ȻǰƲ˵ίʵ˵Ǹʱ㡭Ͷ󣿡
Թһ·ӿ׷ɱظ·Ԫ׿ʱ򡣡ʱ۾̲סЦЦʱ㻹СѾûʲôӡˡ
ȴֻǿеСʯͷָ϶ȥȴƺͼֱؿŸʱת۾ȴӣڹü۵·ҪϿʲôӰӡ
ôûӡ
ӡģһꡣ
Ϊһ꣬СȵưôĶٽݼҡ
Ҳûǽ˵ʱ飬ȴ·𲢲ԸἰԼʱ飬Ҳȴ׾òǲ⣬˵ףҲʲôļ䡣
ҲйŭʱҲ˵ơҾݸΪԼһĺݻ
ʱôظţ
˵ѵͻӲΪ˭𣿡
ʱޣ˼ֻƿĵôˡ
ɵȵ侲ԺȴȰοԼŭʱ˵ЩƩԼ˵ĻҲһڴԷʹҲı⣬ЮһҪԷţ֮ˡ
Ҳȥˡ
ȴδ
һֿԡ
ĵײȴȷԼĲ룬ֻؿŸʱͼӡеǸӰغϡ
ʵڹȥ̫ˣôŬ䣬ȴֻһ˫ۡ
˫۴ŶȫĻĮȻŸ߰ãȻ·˼̵Ĵ⬣ȴȻӵһ档
ʱһ֣βѾ죬Լոץʯӣôץ䣬Ҫȷʲô㣬սٸظϵૻһ֣ʱ
Ȼעţ
ָüë۽ǣȻǡԪ׿һǽ𣿡
ʱΪλͻȻ˼ֻؽȦ뻳У˵ǲԼǸʱӣȴȻΪĻҲЩ뾪ϲ֮ɫ㾹Ȼǵã
޵Ѿ仰ٿ
ôͻȻˣʱ㶣̧ҪȥĨȥȴ޵һֻץ䣬ֻ̧֣ٴսһ㣬ȥ΢̵ᡣ
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176 
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177 
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⻰Ҳݸȷʵ֪޴˴λҪδʡҪ£Ȼһʱܴģ˿̽Ҳǲ⡣
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޵ǶҪˣȴĺ̲ס̧Ҫȥ˿ﻹһȭȥֻ˶ԷЦ͸صҧס´סҪڵһѡ
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178 
˵Ҫ£Բûǰ֪һĴҴҶڶվҪߡ
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㶣Լ˼ŬסЩҪյĺ⣬һҪȥʦѾҪǩֵĵӶˣҲûʲô飬ʱټҲ
ͷһվĸʱЩƮתߣٳݸĸôǱظˡ
ݸĸףʱȴٿȵȡ
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ݸĸĿⲢδʱԼǰŮϡ
ȻңСŽصϲã˿̱ӰҲȻͦĸȴȻһ˿㱡
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мˣҵиǷСڼС̳ħȴҲ֪Ҫá
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ҹ¶ϢٴθǣŬԼɫȻһ㣬һ̵ȴѾļղࡣ
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ʱȻ֪Χˣظôˣȫʶȴ׼ǵλ޵ŮɨȥĿȻЩݡ
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˴ȥħ֮ǰҲӹظϿա
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179 
ɽϵȥʱҪ࣬Ǵ۷ﶼԵò̫۵Сľ¥˿ؽ磬˿
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ʦܺµĻɫֽһţ׼ȥһԵͰ
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180 
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۴ĸǶ˵ȥ֮ǰȷʵò֮ء
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181 
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˵ѾԪӤˣʮ겻ҲǲС
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182 
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ĽȻݿ࣬ȴʼעĿƣøշ磬һգһν֮䣬Ҳû˴ǰ΢΢ͣԪתΪͨ
޹۽֮УȻ鲻Խظĺ࣬ٸܵԼͬķ֮С
һ㣬սʱҲ˸̵֪
еĽΪҲһһֻûгֽ֣żתʱ򣬾ҲתŽâ
һܲǱȥһطβ
˿Ʈɢڰգͫ׾ԼǰЩһ⡣
Ҳʵս飬Ҳ÷ɶôೡǵǶ˰ף˾Ҳһ˳Щ
㣬⻹һܴ˴ۣ
𡭡Ȼǽ
¬ĶԾУλĽ֮£ζһһεʧܡ
𽥳˼ҳ㷹ɴ˵÷ʱʱǼǼ򵥲÷ҵһҪȥԼݣֻǼ򵥵˷٣˲ҡս֮Уҧζıٹȵʱ򣬶ûôеζˡ
¬ڱ̨ĶԾֹͣԪӤһһ¬ĳ𿪣޵ҲѾմѪͬʱڴڴȴڶԷУͬʱЦ
ʹ죬ʹ죡¬ЦҲʹ죡СѣҿдҽΣ
޲϶Էǽǵľٶɵһ㶡
¬ЦʤϧѲ䣬ֻһʶϾ㡣򣬱̤żҲҪ°ĹŵӡԵһˡ
Ӱһ̨ɢ֮ǰ¬һ仰޵ĶС
λСѣΪӮܸʲô
ڰͬʱ٣ʧȴŴǰһƣȻ
ΪӮʲô
δ⡣
Ĵ𰸣ȻҪ˼еõ
޽һλĹսսѭ֮С
Եͨٵ룬ңֱϸԪӤʱʵ̫죬Ŀ츳뾭ʹȻȴ̫뾭顣
һ֮ͬĶʿ۷Ծ˵ĳ
ͬǰܵ¬ھ֮΢仯һ㣬Ҳʼÿһ֮ͬ䣬ӳһǰͬϸ΢ı䣬ķʼ֮ķ仯
仰˵ʱϵڵʱ÷ʱԾʻһͿء
޻ûҵ¬ǸĴ𰸣ȴ˸ŨĶ־ս⣬һصͷ³˴ǰôҪһ㣬÷ɵļҲͲˡ
ս˴ǰ¬Ŀ뽣뽣ǰʦһ·ȥҲմȾལ⣬һҲߵĽâʺڳ䲻ʱԷһ
ʷϵһֻʣЦһ
һǧλɽ߲ʵļ壬罣ȻĽڣȴһ֧ʣĥ˽ʣһһؿ˹һɽһɽطԽȥ
һǧλ÷ɵţ÷
޼ʱλŮ
ޣüģڼһժͷϵ½㣬û֮ʱǰþӸλĿɲѹȸС
ȴҲû֮ʱ÷ЦʱҲϡԿ˿̵ģ
ο÷Ҳ棬һͷȴͯգֻ˿ģԶˡ
ֱ÷˽
ǰ΢Ц·λӰ𽣵Ůӽɽ룬׹죬վͬŵӣʽмܣ
÷΢ЦսʣһǰҲʡ
޿ˡ
ĽǣҲûںϵڵ÷³Źغϣ֮󣬲ŵһʤλνǱһ˰÷
Ҳλ÷й̸֮Եԭ򣬶ԷĶӾȻ·ǰԽʱռ䣬ִűȴǰο
οԽǵԷΪԽսȴҲֹԽս
׼Ľ£ݺᣬܻΪʵʵټ٣һһ÷ĶԾУɢķ䡣
λ÷һǧλУȻ˲òڱ̨ıԼ¼һ
һսʱ޵ļʾ³ĳߵĽ⣬ƴű÷һնȥһֱ۵Ŀԣһ÷ĺ䡣
ͣ٣µĽѾ죬ȴȻԷļƣ͸˼ѪֱҲһʹ⡣
Ƕʹ
һȻת˽ƽƽĻ޵ֱϡ
Ѫ¹ȥ÷̫ںز˲Ѫ¶һЦݡ
ڵ÷Ѿ˽֮ݺ£ü۲ƺϵʱγ˸µĳ̫Ѫ۽ҲƣϢȴҲԽŨһ˵Ҿƣȴ
ע޵ٿڵѾҵǸĴ𰸡
һ㶡
ջؽâԼеıʣԼֱ۵ʹԼֱ֮⣬νϵսģٴʹ
ʹʹȴ
λСѣΪӮܸʲô
һǧλȥʱ䣬⣬ȴͷ
ڣ÷Ŀ£ŷȷʵѾôೡսУҵĴ𰸡
̧ͷܲõض÷˫һС
÷ЦӰ䵭÷ɵѩģһƬİףֻ֮һ仰
Сѣ÷ɣΪʦ


183 
ĻǰҲһЦݡ
ָת϶ķдŽ⣬ҵߣΪʦ÷ɣλȻԿΪʦ
֮⣬÷ѩ֮ϣչѩ۵λͯյ÷ü۽գǲŭϸһĨ΢ɲЦݡ
ΧŨǴ˿˽ʶһȻ̱ҸӵԺԴҵԼǡ
ĳһ˲䣬Щѹȥһ˲ֻʣᶨ̨
Ƭ̨ǧ˫⣬޼᲻ݣȴְŷ·ܰᣬһ֮ʱս̧ü΢Ц֮ʱ
᱾ǿ֮һ
ʦˡ÷ŴһЦĽתĵͺıϥϣ΢΢𶯣Ƹܵ˴˿ҲΪ֮һ
̨ϣ޻Ƭڰ֮С
ʱ֪¬ǾǽǵĻʼ÷ŵ⣬ӵشһߣеֻС
÷ҽͬ£ĽʹȻʧɫҲҪѷɧ
ʮʱⲻҴң̧佣Ѿȥ˽һ룬ʱѾֱȥԽƵɡ
еؽĿڣҪڵı̨
ͬ÷չ󣬳ĸ򵥵һĿȻһʱʮˡҲǽʱ䣬һЩʵսԲŻ
ûرҪֵҪҪڳ˽Ϊɴֱѡʶ֣˾ĵĺϵڶԾ֡
ƣͷ׷ףɽȴȻ徻ޱȣ˳ĺ⣬ֻ徻оľ࣬վڱ̨ԣȻҲû÷ͷӶֻ徻
˼ߡ
ЩӵļӰȻǻþ鹹ģǴԵؽʱӰӰʯķʽ¼Ե˵һƼʶΪШӣĳַͨȫԿ̨ⷽϡ
仰˵λߵˣǵսЩˡ
ɮ۵ȤڵʹҲǾĵģתҪȺأΨһߵˡ
һɫɮй۵ĺŮˡ
֪˭ȴûʱһԼݡԷҲԶ֪ڵʦΰ档
ԭںϵڣʦѾޱȵվھǰǰˣϲôôң棬Ҳ·
ĵĶȻҲһɮˡ
˫ֺʮ΢΢һ
Ȼʼо
ޣ
͡ôԾ𣿣
о߰˵оĳ羭Ļڣӡ΢ЦĴȱǰģ˿Ҳ༤´ʵ꣡
ǵе鿪ʼɢ˽ɫķ⣬ֱĹâԽԽʢײһ
̲ס̧ס۾ֻԳֵ財
һ̣ĵĶ־Ѿ飬ĺٴʦܾ˷⣡ƶɮˣ
ޣ
ʲʲô˷⣿
ղ˲һڷ
ôⶫȵǷʤͿ˭Ĺ𣿣
лûзӦԼԱҵĺŮѾ۸ߺķû߿ٶȴԾرࡣ
һ̣Ѿվ˾Ķ档
һΣԷı羭ȷӦѾԶʾãȻĬӮˡ
ڶΣʹ˼ʹᣬᳳܰ״С߹о̫಻̵Ĵս۾Ǻģ
һʱĿӣʵкڴﵽ뾻ƾеǿȣ
Ȼʼδرյķ⣬ˡ
Σʹ˼ʹԼôܱԷĽأ
˵Ÿûվȣȳһ
£ڶԷȻУɵؽԼеĽ˾ĵĲϡ
ľǰԻû˼ն񣬴󾪵㡭㲻𷨣û£
Ӯˡ޳
̨һĴЦת;ǰŵص˺Ļ֮С
һǧĽֺ޶ûô۹
ڵأڸҧһζıٹȵ˼Լûڶ硭Ŷ羭ڳţǿǿϧˡ
ޣֲ˹
ģҪá
ҹܣҲû˺ڵķǽֵȤٽ˺
žһƳ˵ģӰȴҲǼʦ飬ǸһЩС
룬ȥʦı¼Ƿ񡭡ҲῴһЩϤӰ
޲ǻƲˣ뵽˾ͻȥοսÿһλʦƻе顣
ֺվظиıȽ̨ԣǿϤʮ˪
ǿ֦ҶïԶҲҶӵĲ̨ѾվˣϤı̨Ե嵭˴ǰµӰ
㶡
̨ϵ˶İҡŽ

޻ԼǲǱͬͬյˡ
ֺܶܳղǲǺֵʱͬʱӰӦѡߵģֶѡұߵģ
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ЩãȻš
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дŰɫһλòӢĺǸߴϻЩϢվһλµĵӣƽƽ棬ͨࡣ
˼룬ûʮ˱䣬ʦʱµƽƽͨģɡ
ȴµĵһʦ֣ʮ˪Ϊ֤ۣ
ޣ
ɫӢʦüЩӦ˭㹢ʦְˣ
ޣ
һüһôôСе㹢ͷζˣ
ǰɲǰɲǰɣ
ʦʱ򲻿ô˧ôôÿİɣ
һֱԣûп˵ʽֻԼһ˵֮УֱضŹֻӡеСͷҵٶһơ
κеĹʦġޱ߷Сڡ˴ǰһü˵̫ҵ֮ˡ
ɣ
ϴ˵İɣ
ڻһвǻͫ׵˫۷ֱ

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ôǸˣ񻹻ŵ˱ԣԷȻ֪˭ʲôʽǻӦԼһμƬսġ
˶ٽŲ뵽ʲôҲ顣
ΪʲôڻͻȻأ
ȻΪӦʲô
ࡣˣҪĸʦָ˧ˣüͷ΢ɣԼϡĺӣΪЦСҲн죬ٺ٣ٺٺ١


184 
ҽӢߴİ½ĵ׶Ϊ¹ʦ֡ںͶԷֵʱҲ˿ûʲôں͹ʦԾľ
ϵڵĹʦǿӵʵ̫뽣޶սľ飬Ƿһжû壬ƾԼ˿ѾǽŵӵˮƽҲмܡ
޵ӺңеĽȴܿ졣λǹʦİ¹ʦ֣ʶڽ֮в˸ķ⣬Ȼ˵̽˼
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һѾȷһ¡
ʣǸѪޡ
ɺ϶
Ӯ¼֣»صĻ֮£һΣڱɺ󣬺ȷ˼顣
ظֻһ
λǰģȻǽڵİ½޹ʦ֡
Ӣİ¹ʦֿ֮ǰһЩʣǿ̨Χ˵٣޼ҲһЩʦ񣬵ȻʦǳݵĿ⡣
ʱǰÿһγʱ
֮һ۲ܽ¹ʦָʦأ
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޷䣬£ʮ˳¼İ¹ʦִͷβȻûиܵκһ˿ת
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Ĺ۲ͶԺϵЩԵĻУѾɸصġϤӰ
ʦߣС¥һȻ磬ڱ̨ʱʱʦʦӰҲʲôֵ飬мΣ޻ԼʦҸ߶ȻʦòĻﻹ˿̨ϣ¶ȥˡ
ȻսС¥˵Ȼ̫ɢ˽ļУڿЩϤӰУһЩСġµӰ
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һʼǻڳƺΪСʦܡ
ֱǵСӰֺ󣬡СʦܡĳƺѾˡʦܡ˸߲ҵҲһλСʦáĴڡ
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ޡ桭Ϊ˳Ϊפͣʢʱô˹ʦƷ֮˻ȴƳأ
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˵ò䣬ʻ䣬ɹ࡭ǲġ
ԹʦΪʲôһλʵСֲޱ߷Сͷӣ
ڵʮ˳Ϻ޾þעԪӤ֣ӿһЩӵ˼
顣
лƽݣҲԼޣƩֻ̫ϿеĲ룬ȴʵʵ֧ţǾͱһ̸ֽǼ¼緢չʷУһЩǰпյ˼Ĺ߰ˡ
ЩУһۡ
һˣҪԼ޵һȥһȫδ֪Ҫô

˵ţûһ⡣αɺе˺һǱʮȴȻʱ䡣
ӶҪνסˮԲͷءţһ
ռ˹ʦһҾһֱ⡣ʮȻ㲻жɫԼʦĽ׾ٽ޴˵ˮ׼ţҲ֪ģĽҪģ츳ʮһյŬ뺹ˮ
ʦͨĽޡʮµ÷һ㾡ȫĽŮȻҲƶ˵仰ҼСʦõķԷϰĽپҲŷ⡣
Ѿʮµ˼Ҳ뵽һյľһɹʦĽֻǽ
ûʦǽʮµԷϰ츳ˣѡԽϰݹ£ݹ磬Ҳһˣյģ׵ǼҲʩչķˡ
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Ľһ٣ͷһƬãȻ
ʮȴѾὣŲɺնһƬꡣ

ˮ߲žֽսŮֽ߳ãȻ꣬ʹ˿̻վںĻǰԪӤַޣжͬһ⡣
ʦôΪ޵ģ
Ĺʦǻڣ޳ʱͨȻûͨԼʦʱʲô硣
İʦǵôҶ˵ʦľԪӤ
仰˵Ȼ֪ʲôԪӤкܴܿ±ǹʦӽתΪ޵ʱ
ޱ˱ۣٽ˱̨ĶԾ֮С
ԪӤڵĹʦȻȻһԱȽϸߵı̨¼ʮ˳
ʱĹʦȻλһ֮ǰİ꣬ü۸ЩҲϳɣԿӺϵԪӤ֮䣬Ҳɹ˾̵ʱ⡣
ºĺۼ޻ǷһЩ顣
Ʃڱ̨ߣС¥ʦԽԽ١
ûټʦлӰҲ֪ǲʱѾȥ˱Ԩ
µʦΰ걾ͳֵü٣˹ʦĵĳԪӤڵıʱˣΰ̶ˣѾȥ÷ɡ
ȴ֪˿̾ҽһһԽ𶯣жԶ
ʱ˿̣½ϵüĿѾԽԽ٣üٲȻѾǳǳƣüѾϰԶ
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ǵӰãѾϤɴ˿̣վھԶĵطȴҲ
Ȼ̧ͷų̋ϹӰȴҲóĬ
ֱʮݵʱ򣬳һӰҲˡ


185 
ĵ͵һ
Ҳ¹ʦˣʦĽȻ߾˼ȴڹʦ뽣޷һϣ˻ͷžԼĺ澹Ȼѹ˼ֶԹʦĽӦеء
ҲĵԼԤУһ޿ø棬ҲȷʵĿʲô
ʦĽȻƯЩҪӡڹĻӽ֣ЩĽнʽȻ
ɵվʱŷ
ʦû˹⡣
ûĽޡ
÷֮ˣڳֽһ˲Ҳȼ·ҪȼԼɫ
ɴ˿̵ĹÿһλӽȻʲôߣȴʧȥӦеꡣ
·ӽֻǻӽ
ĽҪ֮ʵ̫ס
ȴֻڷأۣҪøһ㣬ǵøһ㡣
Ȼͷϵ̨֮ǰ˺˵Ѿ֮ǰзˣеĶԾֶǲģ仰˵еļ涼һԵġ
⼫пܣһμƮȻĹʦˡ
ȴϹȴٿͣ˽˫ۺǲõؿң˼𣿡
㶡
ԡ
һ뷨ȥãֻΪϾһ㣬ٶ࿴ĹʦۣȻԼԭ򣬵ʣǶԽ޵Ĳء
ջеķ
һ̣ȥнâ
̵ģ·ߵ·ߵġ
ҪûŽģԭģĹʦһԼķ
ģ
Ũ

Ȼڣ׻ǰ޵Ϊŭ⣬ĽͬǰһעĶ뽣⣬ƬĿ飬ǰ
εĽ֣޶ԹĽѾϤ⻹һȫķ
ܶзҲ
ǺĹڵĹ
裬ԪӤڱ޵ôζԾѾȫԲ֣ʶȥٿؼʵĶ
ҪȶҪһЩ޻ٶȣȴǰҪࡣ
ǰʱĵһѾá
񡣡֡
ԷȲ˲Ϣ뽣Ľ䵽һλһһ
δ
ڰճͣһᰮõηߣĺƻֵعճ˺ģȻмֿɰ
Щɰĺ״ߣһסһ䣬һѾϸϸ˹Ĳ䡣
ձʹʦá
Ŀв죬ãȻգֻ૵ظһ鷽ŵ֣񣬰δ

ȥϣϷ١Це̷õķǰľٶ첱ӴֵĶԼߵλã˵С¥㵽ҵʦ֡
ԼҪ̫ҹ̣ϡҹ䲻٣㲻ҪһҪأ
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ҲǹһյĴУֽԼı˽ʣٸԼ뱾֮ϵжʱģ
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ĳּۿɼĿ𶯣˺µѹǸ˳кüΣΪ̫עƱѹʶ׽ΪԳܶʡ
춯һ࣬ȵڷʱȴûһ֪ʲô
֮ȴʮ궼ûм
ټʱѾ̷֤õĳһС͵Ӱ
ٿפ㣬ͷȥȴСͷŲǶ˶٣ƺֻĴҡŶȥֻһӰ
Ȼ󣬶֪˸һµ顣
ԭС¥Ĵڡ
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λС¥ĹʦܣնԼ뱾ϵȥ˷ޡ
ĿԶԼʱ𾪡
˿̣ڿȻԼıһ
ǧҪʣĻҪ˵ЦȻΪظеӶɪɪ̷ȦȻƵЩ졣
廨裬⴦ǧͷȴֻǾվţ˹Եĺ󼸾䣺ѾƹĪ̻Цˡ
һ֣

˺ĶԾ֣ٳֵĹȻѾһģû֪˭ֻظ󱾾ڶ࣬£֮ʱĹѾ˺СͷģǱֻλչصĳϳǰˡ
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ҲȻԿ
ԪӤڵ˳֮䣬ʱ̣һ㣬Դӱ̨Եʮ˪ҲԴ̨ߵı仯
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ոһգķӵһʱͣڰ˳ʱѾٲȻһλ磬ֳĴʦˡ
һ빢֮ĶԾУתײµı̨и
ת買֮Уʵ𣿡
ž޲ûжʳȣһ˲ʲôƽؿ̧֣ǰ̧ȻۡϷԸ⣬ֵá
޵˫˲ģ
ײóԼķ⣬·ҪԼѧĳɹչʾǰ
ʹʱ˿վˣ˭Ҳ֪⡣
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մѪǲҲͱѪȾ͸Ҳؽһ糺죬ĳķҶѾʪµɫ
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һǧλĶӵķޣ޵ߣĻֵϽǲ֪ʱҲȻһ֣¼޵ĿǰΪֹսгΡ
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ڳϵĵڶȴкľġ
οʱ⣬ɵġ
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ûżȥһأͣ˵ǰľ磬ڿɡ
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187 
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СнǸߣ˴ݵͨ˵ȥһҲٮٮߣ˵ҲǸķްˣҲԼЩʦʦû
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188 
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𽥱øĺɫҲҪķ紵Ƭɫڳֽڰߵϡ
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˵ǵȵȣƾ飬ܵȵȡ
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ڶޡ
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189 
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֮⣬᱾ĽҲʮַḻ̫ڵȡ˺ôǾƷϴ赤ĳλĵ裬ֻһ鱦һ꼫ȡõݡԴı󣬴һɳĹ£ǵѡ
վֻзһ˵ĺҲ󣬴ʱ˿̣ظĵǶ㽼ĵᣬЩûбѡеĵӣҲȻ˵
ŸָΣշת࣬С֮ۡ󣬾ظ˿дС֮Уˡ
˵Щ·;ƫԶɣѾǰѾϵõһЩСѾֳִ
֮д裬жδĻ룬жԼ;㽡
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Ҳ֣ʶΪʲôйص飬˳ƴչһۡ
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190 
峿
ҽ۳ųϼڿնƫɽȥ
ʯҪǮȼգͬҫ۹â·Ưھ֮ϵһΣӳϼվñֱűͦظǡ
һʱ֮䣬Ȼֲ峯ϼǣǳϼϵĵ׺
ΪиӣʱʱҲѡ˴˴εᣬ⣬д޼λСͳ״̸
˸мΣҲѾϵٶ̸ҲѾԲεٽһ׼
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ӦǸɽ֮ˣȻյ˸ɽ˳Ϣ󣬱ȥǻˡ
֮ǰͿԼǮ͹ðԼΧ֮ڵʢ磬۶ϸͷʦȥ
ظбѡеĵڵǽۡ
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һߴŹǷһ߻ʦͷϲƯʯ١ҹȻ˯òʮһϵĺۣڶȴ˸磬ֻΪԼƯķΣһƯ·
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˶ľǸ档
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ʱ䲻ܶһ̣ҲЦһ㣬پһ㡣


191 
ʱ֣ҵҰѾɽٹʱ䣬ɵĽҲһ˴С
ظǵıֱͦ·ֱʹǿȴ̲סȻ飬ȻֱһһɵĽۣСָһ
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ҪȻֹһգɵӵ֮Ѿźá
нǰȫشɵǰסмλĳǰӭڲἰΪڶվҪĻĵͣ޷.ǰ
ظĳճߵĳ֮һȴ뼸λظǺѼĿһڴɨһ飬Цȴ֪źҪڿĻʽдһģλСѰ
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ȴ꽣ü续ֱ罣ϸȣʵڲʢЩлҪӢȻ֣ɵҪٶ࿴ۡ
еŮ̲סĺҲ˼ֻ֣ϣ˫ǰƯһڴܵʱԼķҲٿһۣ˵һӡ
⣬ལʦǵĿ⾹ǱʦǻҪƼ֣б˶λ˰ʮ֮õĽ޴ʦֵ㽣ȻҲԾԾԵս⡣
Ȼָ˿̱Ҫçһνϣ븵ʦԼʱԼǷ֮һսܣԼܽ¼
ʦ㱾ˣ˸࣬͸ܵôĿеɵûͷһ۸ʱЦ治Ǵʦ֣ظﻹҪǳӣҿѽʦһӡ
ʦ㲻ɵҲȤÿСʦýոô໨أȵϴʦֵһ
˵һ룬뵽븵ʱĹϵһ٣һôСʦôöûгĪвݣ
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һҹ˶ΪڶĵῪĻ˷շתߣɴ෭ٶ˼ԪΪı׼
ظķУҲƳ
޷ڵǰǰһŰֽ
ֽѾĵλ˭һЩµһ·˼ʱ˳ñʵֽϵīա
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޷ֱסĻûʮþȵ顣һᾡҲСģ
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ʱָһ٣Ѿ뵽Ҫ˵ʲôΪ׵ض˵ĻһҲ˵Ļ
ҲӦƣܵͣ·ĳĵֿҲӦ
ȴֱ˵ȥ췢ʲôҪΪҸ𣬲ҪΪѹҲҪΪͣ
Ϊû飬û飬Ҫ


192 
ʵҲû뵽ԼôһҪˡ
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µĴѶ˹
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һͷϣÿһʯԲ󣬼ѵã˵ӱĵ񹤡
صؽʱʱķ˼ղߣǡ뷢ɫʴ˿ͻأ
ٱ磬ĵȻ˵Ĳ޲ͬ֯ƽϣȴǶǵϺ뱴ĸЩ뱴ĸԼݺߣȻһֲƴֵķ
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ˡ
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193 
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ֱһ̣ͻȻʶԼ˲ҹϣȴȻĲ࣬ô
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ޱ̸ֺ̡ͬܽǸ֮أЦһ񣺡ʦ
˵ò²𣬻ȴѾЩ·ָɣ˲һ֮ѡ
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ѾǸˣλСʦػôͲã
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˵ЩԲɴȻУɵĵǱжǷ߷֮ɫ˭ҷأ
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ʣΪħѰõУжʦԨ۵˽ӡּɵĴѶǾħֻ˵ħʲô潻ħںδ
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ͽȻʳ˾䣬»ûжšڣ֮ͨǰļҶѾ֪ɱħħˣޱˣ
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οޱĶʦӦĻݶԷİɣ
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ʡһŨİˣʦΰ꣬ʦΰ̣ʦޣԼʦĺ֮Ƿһı£ҪеĴ󶼶ҪʦҪѾڵʦлڱԨвٶҪ޴ʦ㾿Ϊ
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ѶżѾ԰ն䣬Ȼ޵ּ˽ӡȻҶ֪Ⲣԭĳֶθ̳ģЩ޷ʵĻеĺ壬ȴҲѾ֤ɽˡ
Ⱥ֮Уʦ΢΢һЩãȻע޵ķ૵л𣿡
ŵؿĵż㣬̧ͷ޵ʱ۵Ѿ˴ɱ΢졣
𣿡ʵһʼᣬһ̣Ѿø󣺡ޣһСһѵı𣿣
е˶ڿޣкչѾƲڸǣչҲٸ˴ůֻ˵뵿һƬһƬӰ
ȻվñֱؿޣȻûаֻ֮ɫΣͻһЦ¶һֱĶ
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޿ĵĶ
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Ӱʲôأ
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ֱǲʲôõĶ
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ޡ
еŮ·ĳʶĻԣʯ֮УͬǱ˵ĸʱڻУɢ˫ʹȴбɫͫȻй¶ܣָ׶㶾ıɫ
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ǲµɫ
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ͫ΢ȻʱûʶѾ֪Ǻʱ顣Ҳ֪ʱȷʵһλ͵ʯĴ⣬ʱʩѻ֮ζӦᱻ
Ҳ֪˶ʩֶΣ˶ԷȻԴڳƬƬΡ
֪˲пĽȴһֶ˵
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һ˲䣬Ѿˣ޲øĺ֡
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Ҳ֪ʦֶôħأѵ͵ħ


194 
ȻڣȻֻ˵ƮƮһ䡣
ħ֮£ȷʵжɽ˼֤ħأȫƾʦֶһԣЩⲢҲֻǡһħ֮˵⣬һбҪ𣿡
¸߹ڵеվԭأһ̧֣ЩɢĴѶץ˼ţȤؿ˿˿ûκλ֮ɫЩѶҲǵһμ治ɫС
ȤԺüЦЦʦֶħɢ𣿡
Цºͣ˿̿޵Уȴĵ䳰뼥Цɫֻһܿ·˵ҺΡ
жо˽ŽɣڿӰеĻ󣬶Ѿƫһߣ²ԽԽ̫۾ޡ
÷ߣʮţ˵ޡ
վԱߵĹɽʵģɵ𣿾Ȼ˺޳ܺ˵˵ҿ⿪ɵĵѾˣ÷ɲμҲգ
÷±Ϊǧ֮ʱ޵ĺøмߣʮ֮ԣֻеĻﶼ˵˳̲סԵ˵ͷ֮ˣҪȥֱʦֹȻ
ɽڵĵǵŭһЩһ˶˵˵ħٳʱ˶СʱԲᣬಫһΪԨ޲һöɽħϮĶ飬Ҳûѱ
Ȼפ࣬Ҷϰý˵ʱ˿ǧؿڣȴҲֻһ䡰ܣ
иԵ뷨÷ɽڣɽϺŵĵҲܵظƫһЩ
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ûȥЩԴǼҷˣϾ̧ͷޣ߻΢Ц
һĨ΢ЦĻһʼûʲô̫ı仯ʱͷ·Ҫ޴˿ʧֻ̬ұ粵ģ
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¶һĨɵЦݣ˵Ҳ֣ҵһγħڱԨߣɽڵλǰͬŶΪ֤ڵڶǴӺδʦΪС¥ӣѵ֪𣿻˵ʦ֪ѽΪʦҺͶʦֵ֮ˣⲻ֪δҰôһϷݺҡ̫࣬ˡ
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Ϊ˵ʲôȻɴӯ߾֮һ
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ѽ˻ȻƵħ̨ħ޹ϵǴħ̨£Ҳˡ̨ǸЩСֲ޸֮ķˣһԾǣкηأ
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ȷʵħ̨ʵЩǱˣΪ֤ףԸΪһ̧֣ɺɽӰӰ´УһվĪħ̨Ǳߣʦֶɸͬ


195 
нѣȴȻҪһ֮⣬ζĿ⣬ٿҲЦðɶʦʵѾûôֲ֪ܹ˻ߵӰ᲻ħ̨Ҳ޵أ
ɵĵʶҪŭ߳ޡ
ħ̨Ѿãɵı־أ˿⣬ڻ⣡
οǿħ̨һ֮ܵߵڰ֮
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ڵĵ֮ͨܣǵ;ʿܴĦ
˿ĵ˵һɺԣĳ̶ֳϣƷ˵á
ЦҲѡ
ٿͷ̨֮ϣ΢΢һЦȥһθʦֶ
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ΪʲôϧأղŲҲ˵ˣħ̨֮ˣħ޹ϵҲû¡Ҳ޸֮ķˣΪԼķ븸ףһֺηأ
⻰Ҳŵǿħ̨ǺˣҲǵ֤İȥڵ棬Ҫҹ˵ģǵ磬ܵ˵𣿡
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204 
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վС¥ǰʱѾǵȻһֻһ˱Ѱ½վлǰǸ糾ִŵɱŮ
µʦ㸺վǰѾʲô㶼ˣ
ߵֽգѾЩ̫໰Ҫ˵̫Ҫ
ԼΪô¼رԨգ֪˼䣬С¥֮ⰲȻա
֪лϣҲ֪Լķӡл£ԽԽǾʹࡣ
̫˽л
ҲȻ֪пܣԸһҪǻŻȥֻǱڱԨвֻҪ֪ţáѾ㹻
еʹԼ
еģ󣬴˿ȴѾ㹻ѹʹ
ǧͷÿһ䶼Ǵ
ĩˣҲֻ˵ͷˡ
ʦûסȥ·ֵֻ̧ݸһֻɫĺݣСʦôģ˵ָ˱㽫㡣ڡʱˡ
Ŀֽ̧ӹöݣٷԼߡ
ˮ˳Ժеһ˲㱺ƻصǳһգصں뺣еЩ¡
Ȼлº͵
ֻһȦѾˣɿرۣסеҲסԼˮ
лǵ͵Цһټ
Ҳ㡣
룬룬롣
̾һҪ˵ʲôѾᶨҷɿؽݴԼÿˡ
ֻô࣬Ѿ㹻
һ̣ѾʧӰУɽ嶥Ծ£ٲͳԼЩµƱѧŸʱģڿһֻһ㣬ٿһȥߡ
֪ִûȥģȥģлһ仰һǡ
Ҫ

˱ǧ޷ˡ
һѩִֵ֦֮ͦ
ҲϵƺһϦ֮ø͵ƸظЩ˫ʹ֮ɫ˫УȴһƬ
̫顭̫δ⣬ڸʱ˵Ǹֵͬʱһ͡
Ʃغ֮ΪηѾظִظغ󶯾ҵǷޣҲܸȴԴ˷·ʼպ
ƩΪμޱɽô꣬˲֮ʱС¥֮ȴ֪
Լ޵ı£ĴһʼͺֶΣֻ־
ǷҲͼС¥Ѷȴաʯ󺣣
Щ飬ȷʵԶƾ͵ϡ
С¥Ķʦ֣ţȷʵ
УһЩ˵֮ͨ
ɢɵʦʦҲˣΪҵҲʼպ
ʵһЩص飬ҲӦôȥ˷ֶߡ
ֻǱʱĵ¡Сʦĺ̫֮ȥ˼ⱳ飬ܽⳡֲҵϵһ
ʱѾȥ̫ãŵĵżŵ̽ҵĹʱҲǰ޲㽵ظ̾һ䣬˵ҵĵٳϧλ̫磬ҵֱÿ껹Ҫȥ죬ҲûȢµ˼Ůɫ
ʹԹѵ磬ҲȻİ¡
ҵĵ´Щеһ
˭ȥⱳ󡭡Ƿʲôء
ȥһ㡣
ҵĺ󣬱ѾչأȴΪͻȻһ죬ƹض£ƫƫӦѲӷΧĹ֮У֮ˣ˱ʱһµĹ֮أ
ոʱΪͽʱǷ񣬱ѾΪһħأ
ʱͲ԰׵ɫٲ˼֡
ǵǽϼ˻ȥʦȻʱڱչأֻԼǡʦ
ʱһȾãҵı˵Ļˡ
ڣͻȻòȷ
ıĻᣬΪˣǰе·
뵽Ծħ̨֮ǰ˵Ǽ仰
ʱ⣬ȴҲûʱ룬˿ȥ䣬ȻƷвһζ
֮ǰҲ˵һЩ
˵ҸС¥ħҲ޻˵ħϴħӡħҲ޷
ĺ춯С¥֮ĶȻ˴˵Ķʶ
䣬˶ģֻһˣҲֻһֿԡ
Ȼ֪ģҲȫ޼ʱΪʦãޣԲ˵Ҹ
ڿȻˡʱ
ȷˡΪ仰в÷С¥ħȴûκҵľٴ롣̲סһ䡣죬Ѿʶʲôٻ˵Ҳɱ˻ȥ
һֱһԲĹͻȻЦ
޼ЦɸֵģܻģЦЦҲڵ̨ϼ緢ʱЦ
˿̣ЦһٻЦһĻǰϵϲ磬ЦᶼˣȴЦ
ЦԼЦСʦḷ́ЦʦޣЦ˭˲ʶȴҲ˭ʶ
һ˲䣬ʶеܣѾȫȻȤˣҲκεĺ֮ġ
վԼǱһԲشС¥˳ȥ
û˵Ҫȥģ˭֪Ҫȥġ
޺͸ʱû費Ҫæֻ˵Ƿ༸ˣһЩʤ㡣
ΪǶ֪ΨһսԸҪκ˲֡

ȥ¥·ϡ
ڸĵӼȥִǰλʦ¥֮˽磬½ղ˴š
ȴλЩϵǰٿʵʲôʱģ
ǵ㶣ʵ˵ûǴĻǵ֮Уʦֻݼ֮󡣡
ԭˡе̾ϢʢӲȻǰȥʱʼѾ뵽˴˿̡
˿̣
ʲô˿̣
ǵͷˮѣȴʦҪǰȥɵûͷ˿ĵʲôҪ֮¡
ȴʦ֮㣬ôҡЩ͵һ̤˾ȣȻǰȥ
н·ģ
ӲɵΪǽ翪ˣ鲻ԽҪǰһ̽ȻŲһȴѾס
ĻڸĵǶԶ㡣
Ȼ̧ͷȴ֪ǲĴھеİСӰȻôһ˲
ߴȻ⡣


205 
ħ
еѾţΨϰɫУħԽԽȻҪ˵ĴȾīڣٽ
ֻƯϸڽ˺ֵ࣬¶һ䣬ԭƺڣֻӦеʱ򣬲ųϡ
ʢ֯ԭڵĲϣһ˲䣬ʢģïĻ䡣Ũҵɫʺƴ֮еĵɫϸܲƵؼһϣԵþ¸˼ֱӡ
еĴڣǣٴͷ­ϣ֫֫ûȫɵʱ򣬱ѾȲһֻ֣ȥԼ̫ûкĿȥȡħ
ɹ¹ǳɡ
Ĵӡ֮£Ԩᴩͷ­˺ʶôħϿ̵£һֻ˵
˲ϧҲҪ޾ԨЩħħǣԼĺԶҲ̤һأҲҪ˺ѵʶС
ν˵ħ屻ݡطĳ֣Ϊ˽һж֮⡣
ǲǶԴһ֪
ʱ̫ˡ
ʱĮĲ̣˵ȴҲõĹߡ
ǻģġ
ģѾ˼ǵЩԴģҪû˼ǵģ֪ЩѿʶƬУҲʶ
壬˼̻֮ѪȴƫƫĸʱħǣԼĸԸж£Ϊɹ
һħеħתڣµħǡ
Ϊ¹ǳɡ
Ȼ¹ǣ¸ʱٴԼڵĹͷҲӰ졣ΪҪģֻ¹£һعͷ
ħǣĵһħǣԿ³һԭֻʣһԹغݵʶ
ЩµԾҲĹ֮
³˫
ħ֮ʱӡħӡޣҲĿɢƬٽƴһ
ʶҲعһƬڴӻ±

۵ɲǣ÷ѩУҽϣλֽ÷̲סһ³һѪ
ϣӾһƬҪǰȴô
׷ͯյ÷һƬƾʶſάס´󣬶ͻأؽԼ׶ܡ
ħ񡭡ＷѾӷһ˲Уʲô
ħħǡӡڴ֮𣿡һάϵĳϲʵ
ħ񸴻ˡ÷ȻʮȣȻҪάʶһ׵顣
Ψһܱ־ߵڵһԼʶʱ˺ǿҲԼĽֻҪнܹһƬ̨ţ١øǿ
󣬲˶
ʮһԪתٽĻﴫ÷ѩÿһ䡣
÷ɷɽšλͬҵһڡ
һƬȻ˲ħθθȴ÷ŵĺһ仰
ҽ£ᷢʲôֹ÷ѩ֮С÷սһˣΣ˼䡣
ڣӦŽ⣬ʮµĻһ÷ѩ֮ڶ

ɽС塣
ɽѱ˷棬浹ҲǡöѻһɽģֻǲΡ룬лĲҰڷ϶֮Уڸʾɽˣ˶ôҵһĻȴҲȻд
÷ѩĴ춯ͬһʱ䣬ɽҲڲ
Ƭûг״ӱԨߴݵ쳹ɽ
ȻһöտյĽ˿ļ㳤ǰһԼе˳ȥ
öٿüЩ˿ϸҲô׳ܹᴩأȻһƬС峹С
춯Ȼֹ
ʲôϵؿʼЩɫײ̶
㳤ɫ΢ףϹҵЩ߰˰˵鴮Ҳʼһ飬ûջؽ˿ҲûжԼӵϵǾϯضһ鷨ӡơ
δȥȼޡ
һҲ޷ֲ顣
ڣססһС
СЦСʦСʦֶһۣҪǰȴһӰһһ˳ĳһɫķֱأ
ֽʢǱƵе΢ȥ
ĶɽĽҲһ

ԨһƬŨ
ʱͬγıʯĳУ㷭ӿʱҲ⡣
һ죬Ӧգ΢ڣγ΢ǣЩԨסĶһһ㣬͸˳
ʦһ
սıԵĶɽڵǣѾظоʲô
һΣǼ򵥵޳Ϯ
Ҳһ򵥵ɱ
ͻȻ૵Ƕɽڵӵפڴˣٳڴ˰ɡ
ʦִǰҲôġ
ҲûʲôźģڴˣڴˣڴˣҲڴˡ
УͻȻ˸ʱʱ˵Ǿ仰
ƫ
ӦʱԱߵļλͬŶڿʦŷ֣ԼȻ૳仰
Լ㶣ȻٿЦظһ飺ҲǵǵɱΪ˻ȥ
ս΢΢ĵ㶡
ܿȴѾʦֵһߺ
ȥ
ȴֻӽһͻأŮ
л𡪡
һϸӰ֪ʱϢس˱Ԩߡ
ɽڵĵӴ󾪣ĵѷգȥ˰ﶼѾޣֻΪڳܵս
ôͻȻ
ֱ˱Ԩλڵ֣
л𡪡˵ǵȻڼ
˶ʱ
⡢ɾͲְֱ
һ̣ȴǵɫӰѾһԾ뺣ʧ˵ĿС
汾еЩΣˮʱ΢ԺԲơ
˶ط֣Ķԭҡҡ׹Ĵ󣬺ơƱƽࡣ

¶˱֮УδҲѾ˴ս׼ȥ֧ԮԼš
ħ֮ϣħŨ˿ûбӰ쵽
ûͣ£ֻǱ֮ǰܼѾ࣬ȻһѾβ

Щ⻪ֻиɹǵϣγµƤ⣬ɫħǸǡ
ֻƯģƽֱֱϵĻҲѾ׹֯ɣǾס
ɢȥеӰĳ֡
ϰٻңۣĻɫֵģīڵĳ˵ɫѤãͷȴһһɢ
ӹ߳ˣĸ֫ϸ̬̲֮סȥ²Ա
볹ȥʱ̧ͷ
ϣȴȻһߡ
߲֪ʲôƳɣɫڣӵײճ˱ԭɫһ·ȼӡ
ģһֻ۾
һֻڸɽʱͼģЩĲ̵ģ۾
ɢȥй͸ħС
չħһ˲䣬ͷڷӷʼɫʾ˾İס


206 
޵ĿȻûдӹ뿪ʱıӰջأ֪ԼͣپãҲٿӰûжҪִֵʲô
ڣִ˽ҲǷ˫ޣҲֻǻ
ҵȻһֱڱչأû䣬ҲѾš
뻯֮䣬󾳽ĿԽǴӷΨǵ֮
ô𣿡ٿ
Ҳ֪Ĵ𰸡ʱӦ
΢ƣܳҵҲˣǡλͷβҪ֪һ𰸵ˡ
ô
˼ĳֻɬϢȻ
һ̣ԿʱڵħǺһ˿ҡڳһСƬɫӰҪɫȾиĵط
һֻȵס
¶ȺƴĴĿ˽ࡣ
һ̣Ѿס
ĵ̫໰Ҫ˵ǰˣʵڱ̫֪࣬Լĸ׶ԼͼıȻ֪ԼȥħǾеʲôĽɫ˿ĺѾ˵ʲôһе֣һַɵʦ
ûоͬ飬Ͳȥ׵ʲô翵ĸͬܡ
ֱֻ̧ס˸ʱ·ҪԼ£ֻ΢أܵڡ
ӦģǸʱֱӵ
ؽ˻׽ľֻ࣬ʣ¶ȿܵһ˿ů
ޣ˵ʱгһգħˣϣɱҡ
޵΢΢һ
뵽Լ׹ħ̨ʱǼҳԺֽдŸʱħʱԵɡ
ʵƺı䣬ȴҲȫ
ΪʱȻС
ѾԼоһ¡
ĿǰѹģֻһԼһϵб仯վ飬ʱڵ֪Ԩһµʱ򣬾Ӧħס
֪Ǳҵıʲôʱ¶ģ١ⲢǸʱħ֮һ
һΪʱԼԺд
ڲɺ֮ʱʱظĴʦ֣һ㲢ûиı䡣Ǹʱ㣬ҲһҪüꡣ
仰˵ĸʱ֪Ԩ۵ͼıһϦħ»мʮʱ䡣
ĴڣеһжӿǰˣȴҲøʱ֪Щʱ򣬻Լǡ
㲻ħġƶһգ㲻ħ
˶٣ִЦزħǣڡҲħӡȻҲûиħӡʲô
֮㲻ħҲᡣ
˵նʱڵħѾϣԭѪģһһǰһģһƴûʧ
ħӦ˶Ũ˿̣ߵЩƻɬϢѾɢȥ̧ʱǸ峺緢ĸʱ
áڻӦ޵ĻҲڳŵʲôͷڴǣһʶƬʲô
ʮָգٵ˵ͷ
һ֮ǰ;Ưһɫڣһۣһ֡
Ƭ⻪ʢ˲㸲˵Ӱ

ħϣ׷ҷػŽصĻӰǰ˵һ
ߵúһʱһΣӦӵĸоŰǽڣ̧һֻ֣Լߵüġ
ָͿŵޢɫϵĺڵ׻ɫӳһƬǻָ
̫òˣеҡҡһ²ȻĪ磬һɹ֮ܵ·ոմӻ߳ƶȴѾ̫ĺͯҺúһ룬Щҵļ䣬ЩЩ߰İèĻ䡣
Ȼ˴˵ġèȻޱƽ˳ڵЩɵĴǡ
ڲʳǵǣħҲᡣǧŵڣͻƵĵҲԳµػһ˺Уڱ֮һ;յ㡣
Ҳµܣڵĵ裬ա
ʼٸߴ˿ȴ赭дؽЩĵǳΪèᡰѽһôļ䡣ǻƺЦԼʶͼ䣬ܱΪ𣿼Ȼи飬Ϊʲô
¡ԱΪ׵ʲôƽճԻȻ˵仰ֹãϲ֣ҵˣˡ
ˣˡ̧ͷһͷǿݹǣҪҪĹͷҪһЩħ衣
ڵħ˷˿˿ȴȻӿ˳ĳû壬Ҳ˸ĸ֪
µеĲ̫ãеѾˡôͷֻʣһħǺһħӡѽ˵˻ᱻħļôúöģħ̾һЩˡҲôħ𣿡
һ˵һҵƽ⣬˳ħ¥һȥ
ϣʱ򣬷ϣľҸʱ򣬷ִԼҸˣԼԨˡɢǺܼ򵥵𣿡
ĻԺҲһĻĻ̻
ħޱעӵССһòҰʳȴһϦ˸ɽʦѣոµġϣ
ٿԼϣЩˣǱָʹȥ桢ѪĻ֡
þħģʱħʹߣûС
һתħĿ˶ɽڱߵһ磬һεħϮ֮£ʹŵԮҲǿ֮ĩ
˾ڵϣն
ȴиĲŭ
ƾʲôǣôˣƾʲôֻǵ֮;ƱΪĸԸظ
˴ɣлнѾħ
ǱöħģǶûС
תԨУ˱УҲǿ֮ĩôڵ֮ͼת깲ʴ
ڵұӦɹģֻ˵ɹĲֻ˼׻֮елڱ˺ʶܡ
ҲħģҲûС
ʱһЩӵħǵ꣬ѾΪ֯ʹϣоҸ׹Ԩĸȴϣ׵鲻Ǳ֯ĻԣʦҲֻΪһ
ôҲûħ

ħȴҲúȤ
ΪЩֵ֯ģͬһӰ
һϴħӡŮ
ǸŮǣħ֣겻ٱ䣻żȥʶ磻öɽڵֺ֮ٶһ뱯Ԩ˺ڵҵꡣ
ħƬ̣ͻȻͷɻءסһȵȣǲǺʲô顣ħӡʲôʱµģ˭µģ


207 
޵˫۱ʢĹ⻪ڸǣû̧ȥס۾
ΪָоʵеϤ
ܹɢ貹⻪ܶ࣬һȼշҲԾ۳۵Ĺ⣬صĹɫʣ֮ǰֻܹΡ
һ֮ʱһ׹ħ̨֮ʱ
⻪δɢδʱѾȻЩʲô
֮ħ̨ʱǡܶεǼҳȴ󷭣±ΪֻõⱾǰķ֮ݡ
仰˵ʶƬ
ڼĿ飬ǷζšڿһⱾȫòأ
Ȿ־Ƭʲôϵ˵ʶȻⱾݣ
г˸ֻƵĲ룬ֱܹʱǰȻǱ顣
ʱޱȣҿ˿ȷԼҰֻһ飬ųɵʲô˼ҪʶⱾ飿
üȻʵǻޱȣٶǼʲô𣿡
Īһĳ嶯
ּЦ²ʽĲ࣬ʵе㻬
Ҳ֪ǲĴǰ΢ŤŤѷֱֶΪʱЦķŭ߳ŭ
ʱû֣ʮֽ̧Ԩ⣬ýǰƤѾЩƤ
ЩƮƿĿ⣬Īһĸо
ϾĿͷһЩ޴ϷݵģعһԼˣ÷ɵŶ˻飬ѻ飬е㡭
ʱٶȼ죬ҳɳɳ˼δת֮꣬˷һ̴ٵЦСʦãʶȻҪܾЦ踺أһǡһɺԣ
˵Ѿ˫ۣΪʲôҪ˷ʱ俴ֶҿ飡
һ߾ֱ˺ʷĸоһȴ־øʱﲻԡ
˰ΣͻȻ̽ʦ֣ĪǳԴˣ
ʱĽˣֺ΢ض˶٣ʲôף˭ĴףҳԴ𣿡
ޣ
ȻǳԴأ
ҳǱʱĽ𣬷ɿطǷ̬ô˵ǱҪɿ췭صľ飬һ
˽˼Ц˵ɵŮǱΪûأ˭ϲܰűӰ
ֵֽ̾ţ˵ʱ̬֮֮м
ʱ
ʢˣ
ȻӦһɣ
޵һȻǵԼ˵ʱڱ˵Լ໵Ҳᱻô˳Цû뵽ԴǾȻˡᡣ
ҳֿʼһֵķȻ޾һĿԼƭ󣬳벻ɺ׵ĳ
ʱüкܶ໰˵ܿ죬ͿԼĳ
Լһһεرѹȥչأٲ֪ڸİ㣬һһεͼɺԾȳ׵Ǹˡ
ĽԶ٣ɫĪ⡣
޵ҲΪӣȻѾ֪һЩ飬ֱ۵ֵʽȷһĸоҲȻЩء
Լ࣬ЩΪĸʱеѹ
ѹƴں׵ԼȴĴڶһ֪֪޷˵ؾȹԼ
Ҳѹڴʱ˿̣Ѿ֪һӪյĽ֡
ɵսʱһΣʱĬãõЩǵزͷȥЩҪ˵ʲôֹ
ȴ߸˼ָڽĦô˵ĻǲǺ񡭡һ
㶡
ŷӦָ˭ϲܰűӰǾ䡣
ȻҪôҲûд
һʦְϵˣ㿴ˣӦ𣿡
ʱЩЦķǼٵģϲ㣬İ
գգۡ
һ̣ӿĸо
ЩЦģǴĵЩϼݵļ䣬ЩڳصĹǰһļ䡣
ǰʱ˿̵ǻŵġ
ʵ
ĶȻܿ죬ӹƪᱦƶ˵ڣ˿еںˣдƬģʵغϡ
Ʃ飬Ȼ޵ĻָʹȻУ޵޹ءҵĩҲ¶ԼʵĿ
ħⱾûüᵽħûиΪһˣѾ˿ȵħĴڣŽҵ
Ǹˣиʱ
Ŀ࣬û뵽Լĸʱħڵĺһ֮еȫɵְ
˵СⶼҳˣħĸʱҪɱˣǸأ
Ը̣ȴҳȻֹһƬհס
ޣǱ಻ȥβ𣿡
ʱȴ˼е˼
ɱɱģô˵鲻ԽЩľս̧ͷĵ˼
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ڹżжѪΪʱԶ֮Լ֮·Ѱ
ʱҡҷȴƫƫԱ߿ϤּעּȻǴĿʵۡ
Ƕ˿ԼĿ棬ȻҲΪ˷פ
ҲԼΥԼΥѵƫƫѪǡ
.һ𣬱һԭȻ
עɣ
Ҳշת࣬ҲĲ̣ȻΪ⡣
⣬Ӧ˳Ӧģ˳⡣
ģһλҰġ
ķޣĶӡ
ΪǼȻǴڵңӦиóеΡ
ΪĽԼҲҡ
ԨʼôΪġ
ںʱ⣬ΪΪȻ֪ȴҲһЦ֮
͵ǲɡ
š
Ȼδı棬ҵʱҲֻƬﴫƩʱʱϵֺʱΨ𵤣ԪӤ
ĺӣҲĺӡ
ڣҪȥߣ١ȥڵǸħ֮裬ħٴԼЩԸ
Ѿô࣬ɹʡ۹ʦ۹أߵڵأԨ۵˼ϳԸ֤³ҵ
ЩҲֻ޵˼Ԩ΢΢ףԼϳһȥأ϶㿿㸨ˡ
԰գ¹ڣһ̤ˮ֮С
ˮһ࣬ڱԨ࣬һɽڶ֪ɽ֮С
֮ʱɽķ󱻾Ȼֳ˹ȴԿϵķ
ᷨ

ԨУϣӿˮɫѾһ沨ʧȥ˷֧ţ¶µĺۼںˮĳˢ£̮ܣем촷ۡ
ᴩ˿¶ⲻϣȻ˾ɲ˿ڣȴҲܼ̫ʹࡣ
л֮ͫɫøǳһЩǸҶ˵ǡ֣й֮ѾҪֱۣȴʹֱһһأ˻
ȻԼѪģ֣رס˻еؿ˻
һ̣ʹħǰҲ޹ء
ԨѾ֮ħȺ˸䣬лڴˣħԶɽڵİðͷ˿̣Ȼˣ˲Ҳ취ö
еѪζŨӿħײǽҲͣЪֻѪͿĨħǰı
̧ۿħһ˲޾ԼԼ
ϵͼ˵İֻ۾һգʱģ
ͬ˿̡
߷һֻص۾գһ¡
Ȼһصĸо
ͺһ汾ע޿ɱܡ
˵ǼٵģڼȵĽ֮־͵һħʱ򣬺Ҳ
Ѿս˼³ɽħ񡭡ҲôԼ񡣡
ұȻʲô񡣡ħȻӦ²Һιأ
Զǻʮľ룬ȴÿ˶УƾԼĶૡ
һ̣಻մͣһ˲
ҮŮףʦ˦˦Ϊ̫ô󴸶Щɬ̲ס²һ
ʦ¶֮ɫ޲ȥס죬ȴѾΪʱ
ħȻҲ仰ļѣĻظŮһƤ࣬Ҫǡңҡ
ʦ룺Ҳмֵ
ʦܣ
Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣ͡;Իﶼףﶼܺ
źȫûʶԼ붯ҪʬǧħԻʦ㣬ٿڵͷɫƽ˴󴸣ͻȻãС¥ˡȻɲ⡣
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ħ飬жħιأڼΪħ֮ȻҲȥħ塭ħǵ
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׷ħĺħʹҲãȻ޴룬ǲŰ㣬ħеζ
ʲô˼׷桢ԸΪ֮׳һеħԭȻ߳ħٳΪƬ½˵
ѵĲںǵ
ʵѾ㹻֤ħĻȻħʹŵǰһʵħˡ˵Ϊ⣿ѵҵЩʲôðĵطֻ˵
Ҳһϲظ˵ĻˡҲ̫ϲ͡ħתͷɨħʹһۣĻҲǲǸһЩ
Ļħʹٿʧ
˵ʧ۷ƮںУˮŤص״еǾȴѾûټ
ħʹﻹٶ˵仰ֻ޴˴֮УҪڵض޴ɹֻø
ħЦⰻȻתͷ¿޺͸ʱķ
һϣҪħ衣һϣҺħӡȻãұΪҪȥѰǣǾȻԼվʵʡ¼ˡ
˵ſ˫֡
ּǸҲԿ˫һ˿覴õֵ
ڵħᣬУһ½ȥ
׺ɣУٿ˹ߣûмâл鲻Խۣٱ˫ס۾
ڰߵĶɽȻؿź½ٽֱԨѪ֮¶˺еЩˣɲʵ纣ħȺӰ
ʦֵһԲۣô𣿣
ڷŶ̲סۣеĽһ
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ˮ䣬ԨЩӦֺˮάֵķҲӴָ΢𣬾ȻӲӿǰħ޼ǰ
ںеʱ򣬺Ѿ졣
Ųں֮ϣ˿Ѿû˾ԼĽǺ˵Ǻ˵ǡѪӡ
ͫһ븵ʱһۣȻ뵽ͬ顣
ȴħЦһǸ̫ϲںдܡȻױΪһħҲʲôħѪҲɹɹ̫ɡ
˵ǰԲû˼һ˲࣬ѾȼյĻ䣬˿̷ѾԳ֮ΪѪħѪϣҲʼģõӰӸֳ
ӡ
޵ĵһʱ֮䣬Ȼֻܸп֡
ɱħޣħȴϾֻһƬãס
ҧٱʱҪȴһ
ҲȥѰѪӣѪȴҶ¶صĿοΪ͵ؿħһۣڿ佱Ķ£ãáҲѪӣ˭Ѫӡ
ʵЩӹݵǰ߼˵ħȺ᲻ת˲ͽɡ
Ȼ޾ɫʩʩȻӭЩÿɲħĻȥ
𼸺ҪӰȴڲסſ˷ܵЦ
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210 
ʦֵ쳹ԨϿ밶ߣʦܷŷѾʦħĶԻһ⣬˿ȴǲɵðԸпС¥֮УȻԭԼ÷ҽ֮
ҲиСۡ
ɻҲڵĺаѵ׼ҵӣоҲ̫ɣ
ƺҲ·ˣֻΪңԶδϵûһôɣ
ûһֿܣ˵ġǶɻ
˵ǵҪҪȥ
ɻ󣬻ƮƮؾ֣ǰ˵ָ
ҲʲôҪ˵ϵĻǣȻɢ
ջؿǱߵĿ⣺ʦ֡ˡ
Ϊ֪ľ綾ɷõαòɢɫѪų¶ʦֵı󣬲֪ʱֶЩϺŵĵӡ
ͷСӵŮ֮ѪԵ˲丯ڵص࣬ںˮУѪˢĭһƮ˲֪Զ
ĳĽѡ
ħȤؿŻıӰĩˣȻ˹ƣǸð취
ǿ佱ҲЩģȻĺ⡣
ΪĿҲܿ޺͸ʱϡ
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ЦģԲûнǰеС¥˷
лôһϡˣ绪ƥȻղģˣѾƲ˲̾ÿ
ڳ˼ħУһ֡
˹ĸʱԣڲУǱббŵĻ꣬·Ͳ
۵еķַһһص˷⣬Ȼһʼ𣬱ѾڲˣᱲȻڴⷲף䣬ȻҪΪ쳾䣬ŵһ
ʱַҲѾ
ǰͬһ˲䣬һ
û˺ˮĴֳ·ҪأҪ˾ѣ
û˿ħĶʱܷġ
ֵͬʱһ˿άϵıԨѾˣħ糱ˮХϡ
ȴûԽһĺ档
ΪѾ
ʮȻ÷ҽޡڣ
ӦģһƬĽХ˻֮
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˲䣬ʮûвͷһۣĽȴַ˵һ䣬ڡ
÷ҽɽڵĽŸɽһ·Ƭ̲ͣѾɱս֡ظһƬ磬ԽһԾ£ߺšʦ֡㡪ҲѪ뽣Ŀ϶֮С
˻ԵĴȻһɹһɣǱɽţҲǣӯ߾кȻ֮
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ɵɲǣնһͷħ޵ͷ­
ѪɫưãȴȻǰδеƽ
վͬһƬսϣͬħ壬ҲĽ
ƽ޺뽣ɣͣԶĽϣһֻɫʰ쵵С¶һֻ۾һ˲˲ضս֣૵סҪסޱҵޱ
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ҷصĳڰƯߣЩڱͬʱٿһ٣ٱǱ䳤ǾЩ⵲⣡
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˵ħǿܾúﲻ̫ԡ
˼ͬʱûͣеĹʱĽҲѾ¶ϵ̼ѾħӶĳϣ
ԭĳһ˲·˵Ĳ޶Уʱ˱ҵһȥȴնˮϣȻ㱻жȥ˴뽣⣬޷°˺
ǳҪٲĽϣ
ԨһӲҪøĳܿʱμƣȴŽһ˲ļ϶г
Ϊ޵ķѾˡ
նϳôֻζʵ״Ľأ
ѽ֮Ҫѹħ˵ɱ·һ̣һѿڵģħĳĻ
һֱеعעߵʦ۵΢΢һϲȻһ̣ǱնϿһѾѿһس³˳
ħе˶𣿡
䣬ȴз
ǰɢǼַѪ֮͸ɫа㴩͸˷ɵĳ񲻿ɵ֮⣬̼㽫ħĿɲնϣ
˶ѡеıڰջһ۵Ļߣǿ⾿һձʣΪһµƣ
ħ˻ȥеĻɫƸŨЩпյһ޵󣺡
һ˲ħͻȻǰƽƽһֻ֡
ĶۿɼĲ죬Ȼһƣȴĳֱ޿ɱܵζ
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ʱҪƿȴѾ
һ˲ͷϵ죬ȫĹƶڱһƬļѹ£ɪɪ죬Ǿҧ̧֣
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˵ȴĳϣİĹ⣬УԪߣѾƾһң
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У̧öƱƽ죬գ۵һѾڰӡײ
޴˴ײ˳޷󳷣ȴûü嶼縡Ƽ㵹ȥص˲³һѪ
صͬʱûͣ٣Ѿ𹭣һ
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ҲûͼӽʮѾ˺üΣȴԼ·𱻳׸ħ޸ʱս֮⣬ĳεĴֹԼĽӽ
еķڰħ֮ײޱƷĴԽԽ࣬ĵȴ
֪Լ֮ǰħĹЩˡ
ǵʱħŵʱ򣬶ԷڻԼʱȶҪҪһЩ
˵ϵĳĳָΪ翵ֱ
ȷʵˣҪǼӡ֮еǣ㲻һ߿ݹǣѪⶼûСѪĴߵ䣬ע̬Ůȴ⣬㽫ѪղҪħ衣
ϵĻɫõøʢЩħЦһиӿħϯ
ʱŮħŲȴЩǱصʱмģ콣Ҫǰȴʮ´ǰһĸо
ĳֿԸܵޡˡ
һǰЩ΢ԺԽԽ
ƾɡ
Ԩն䣬⽻ʱҡҡͷҪԺ˦
ƾ붴ɡǵֻҪƾǰһУͻӭж⡣㲻Ҫ𣿿Ǳӣѵ𣿡
Ȼ۵ģ˭ϣѪ˭뿴ˡ
Ҫ

ƺǸܵĳɣǵٽ㲻һֱ֪ʲôõ𣿲Լȥһ֪Ĵأ
ʱս΢΢һ١
ˡħ
ħջĹֻǻĻ޷˺ҵŶɱҵĻΪβƾأ˵ټ򵥲ѽ
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ϣڿһαħƷ䵽һ࣬Ǽѵʱһ˲Ķ˵ġ
ǰԥʲô
ǰˣʹӡ꣬ˣҲǶ֡ĴڣѵӦƾѰһս
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кξأ
Ϊޣս£޾塣
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ˣӦη
ݺķǰնһ⣬ɲǼ䣬ƺƶҪһ޵ķһУ
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ħŽصУѿһ޴ĿӣһѪָ
ôħһˡ
üǷǳؿԼָû뵽Լ˵ʱ̡
һ
ʱսβڷӹһȻĻߣҲ
Ӧηġ
籾ǲľеľη
תֻת֮䣬ͲӦʲô㣬УҲӦ
ӷӿԺξȻҡһ˲һ̣ܵЩڽںʶ֮еʧԼ
֪ԼΪʲôЩ
ħ񻹴ߣȻĿѾ˼ڽ˵ѵΪԼ볤ӿʶ
ʱҡҡλεվЩģȻһȴĪԵǱȴЦЦη塣
˵Ͳƶظһ飺ҡ
۷裬ҷס۾תʱѾֱ̧ۣңңָħ񣺡ңǳ
Ķٿʲô貶ʥɫʸ֣
һ̣ħУҲɫ
Ȼ󣬸ʱ֣еʶƬԼħǵλãһ£ҪеĹâ͸룬ֱӴԼڵħħ裡
һ˲ͻȻˣΪޱʱҪʶƬԼ
ΪҪڸղָħ֮Уһ߿ݹǡ
ħΪƫҪƾ
ǣħĶءġ
Ʃ磬Ҫȼħȡħ裬ֻߣħŻá
Ƭħഥһֱ֮ʹ˺ѵĸܣʱָħĽȴȻһ˿һָʵ֮䣡
ʱЦһ̧üħ
Ҫƾƫơ㡪ҺΣ


211 
ʱļͬһ˲䣬ħ΢ɼҡһ¡
΢ɼȻָԳ˶ԣĳЩʼһ˲˲Ϣضħ˵ȴѾǼΪԡ
Ⱥɽ֮ϣȴѱһֻ
ֻϣߣнצӹ˼֮
ڸʱǿţħһҡ֮ʱѾеۣ
еķһ˲ȻԨ۵ȴѾһõĹ֮Уĳܴ״̬
䣬ҲֻħڿЩƺصӺ󣬻һЩ־ԶġѾҪ֮еļ䡣
߱׶֮
Ϊ̫Ҳ̫а죬ûµĺ֮УżҳأҲֻᱻʲôƵĿЦ롣
뵽֮ǰλ򻮵ضΣĳ׶ԳЪ˼Ŀʵۣ㾹ȻѾڴ˴˵أԿһΨһ߱׶
һ̣ûܿȺɽתĹ⡣
޵ļָħ񣬵һ̣ȴٿãħξȻʵıԵ
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ȥǰûʲôÿһȶûʲô仯
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ȴΪηԼǵߡĪЩ졣
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Ӧ˵֪ԨһΧƸʱı֮У϶Ҳв˲ٺ֣Ҫ˵һĵ۾ûʲôֽţûʲôԼĿģǾܵ顣
綾߰ݷôãΪˡ
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㲻ȴ볤
ʱָǰһõӰȴͻأسǰҲǱͨڡɢ˫Ԩ⽣Ǿƾ͸ӽ
һֻ֣ס˸ʱʶƬԼħϵġֻ֡
˫ֽĿԣʱͫ
ʮԼ׵ĵһμ档
Ȼǵģ
зȻʮȥҲ˺ۼľ£ʹǸʱ²ȫĻ״̬ȴȻһ˲俴ʮı仯
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ľ룬ȴȴģϤҲİԣĻòȻ
ʱȥʲôԼʲôѪԴ顭Ѿʧȥ塣ʱԨƬ̣ͻȻЦˣһҪ𣿡
ΪҴ¶ҡҶʷֻ˿̡Ԩ۵Ĵ߸һĨõЦĵĿѾ͸ʱԼｭɽҲǴαҲϲǲڵĸиѪСĿȾ֪˿ȷ
Ÿʱֱֵֻ۾ѾĻû˸ʱڣýɫĹâ͸û룬ʱɫ֮ǰӲ԰ףһ˫ѻԨĬؿԨۣٵû뵽һʱٿתеĽ⣡
ȻҪԼȴƱĳ׷޷̳һ
Ҳ޷ȥһۡ
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߱׶֮󣡡޲ŵ㡭Ҫᡪ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ԩ۵Ѿ翣ȻȻ㣬ȶѾ޿ɱ䣬ͣ޿ͣ
һ̣ʱͫͻȻĳı仯
Ϥݣ̬ȴѾתȫȻİģ
ȻǱԭָԼԨ⣬һƿ
֮𣿡ǸʱȴѾȫȻһˣԨ۲Ÿʱ¶βסЦ⣬ڴЦ˵ԼЩػ֮еǷݵ飺ƾʲôһҪָΣ֮£Īָ֮֮ӦҪǧһۣҪô̤ѩۣҪ䣬ƮҴµ죡
ħ񣬱㣬Ҳ޷赲ҵĽŲֻԭħħϵ֣һδƣȴѾһƣħ壬ȴס
Ц⳩죺Ȱڱħ˻ħ򣬷ݹҡ
һЦٿ
Ԩ۵ĴЦصأһͼڽЦȴȻ˿ûбЦڡ
ӲסԨ۵ĻЦ
ΪǵЦǸʱȴҲǴӸʱڴģ
ħҲ֪ʲôʱ򡭡Ԩ۷־ڱصõħ֮ϣ
𣿡ħȷ𣿡
µȻԭȷġ
ֻҪħ裬͵ͬڿħ񣬱Ͼħ飬ħİֿܡ
Ԩ۵֣ȴȻ޷ٽ磡
㡪ʱԨ۾ŭ
˵Ҳһɵ顣ħЦУҪҲ뿴ҵħ裬ϻ̫࣬Ҳ˵ܸǰء
Ļ޵ʶħԼһֵַ³ӯ·ڽʱħеħ룬ٳԼڡ
Ԩʱ˰ڲ޺֣
ȴԶɽٿ¶Σɽ֮УһʢĹ⣡
΢΢ֻۣǹǧĹ֮ЩƣԼﲻͬ
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׼ȷ˵ǲνǷס
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ڣҲԨ۵ԼֱϵѪ֮У
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ͷϽڣ־譽ۣüӢ壬ŭ۵׳̧ü֮ʱľ֮֮ϡ
˼֮ӿħҲҪ˱ᣬȻҪˣԨȫˣ
ʢʱĳӰ޷ԶǷɣƾ£
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ΪԨ⽣һ˲䣬Ҳ֪ʲôԭѿ˸ʱ֡
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һ̣ѾסԨĽһ
Ⱥɽ֮֮࣬Уһֻɫʵڰ֮⣬˿޷עС
ԽжԨ۵ıڵȺɽȥ
ҲѾ۵ĹУԽԽԽԽɲһƬӰҪɽԼӰ֮Уգ
ĳ޹ͷĺɫëëһըХһ˼˵ߣ̬ݣ˫һ˶Сȴ˱ʹ֮ɫ
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