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½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

ʦ㷴ھߣǧҹ
İ
ʿǽޡ
ǳԨڡ
ΪԨڵӣ007ֻű׼ŵÿӽһ𲽣ޣƾۼأ
Խұʾھ
һĸʱһӶС
ӰǲܼӰģⱲӶܼӰࡣ
һҪӰԣüǮ

ԨڵĵĲǣʦΪʲôܸŬҪŬµһ޷Ī޾ҪԿࡣ
ңǺǣ޳Աɣеˣ
ԤŮ裬ÿ칤СʱǲӰ࣡ΪʵܲС˵ˬһˬѣ996007ֻС˵ˬһѣĶҲͬɡ
ԤҪʵ
ݱǩ ˬ
ؼ֣ǣң੧ǣ
һ仰飺ֻҪҲû˿ԱŬ
⣺ͶԶͶ
Ʒ
ΪͼӰҴԽ磬Ŭ뵽ƽ̨ͬʱҲĵһųԨڡÿְСʱУ֮ܵڽڣõһǾ춽ࡡϽɹһһ鿪Ѱʦү֮·
Ի죬ְ˼ά⹹֮·汳̽Ѱ֮΢ϵ˲˶̿׹


1 
ƴ硣
ޡ
Ԩڡ
ɽǰٲӵң΢¹ٲ⣬ɽа뵣Ƿ
ɽ֣ԶԶȥϵǳҪĸҫĿ
ôҪϰˣֵʱǶݵģɶ񡣡
ÿһʣҪݹô
ҴˣĴˣҵͲӦѧʲôѧѧҾͲṤҾͲᴩԽԽҾͲһأ

Ůһ߷һдʣֻ֣˵Щʲô
ŽХһѸոտ뽣ڵ˵ǡ
ҳԨպգС磬ܴšɽͨڰʮһؿΪŵӣѾƵǵܡֻˣвɽҪŬвǡĻ䣬ûܴŵЩʦʦϿԤ飬ǵƮƮ
˳Щ˵ӰȥһĨϤɫӰ
̫Ѩǿѹŷŭˣˣ˵
޴½֮нΨгԨһ֦㡣ܹ뽣µģŵӣҲǿЩСɵŵӣ⣬Ԩھһ쵱ĽơΪʦ֣ҪЩµǿһڳʶȻܶԼ
˭֪ſ˸ͷͿǸŮ
ⶼɽˣȻʱ
ʦ֣λʦƯһ鶯СĽĿǸӰԾԾԣ޲ԼҲС
вѧɫ䣬ҲղԴǵ飬һʹΣ·Ůһ㡣
΢΢һͫ˲ͬٻǿŮӵݡ
Էᶨɽ֮ѩ֮ɣ˷ʵں
ŮɣѵΪѣ
ᣬûκγԹ곤̾˿Ǳʹ֣Ůŵ֮ܣˣÿջƻʱֲսݡһʮʱа˸ʱϢ
һվȻֻĸʱµǶʱ֣δ֮ǰѾÿտʮʱϣʱ켸ҹҲǳ¡
֮ˣѲҪʳ΢΢ɻָ裿
ǣĸʱÿֻӽٴΣʱ䶼ڴÿվҪϢգÿĩݰ²꿪ʼʮ꣬ŵӹһǧʮˣ⡣츳ȴ˼ȡδʸ뽣ڣ񲻹߲Ϊ

˵⼸֮ʱŭ䲻
Ѿ߱˽ӵıر
ʮ洫֮УҲֻȰǵ
ˣгϷ֮ʱУֻгɽ˽Ϊ洫ӡ
˭֪һʮȥԷȻŵӣ˵ǽɽ𵤣Բһء
ԭܼ򵥣Է裡
У˭ֶ룿ǳԨڣעشĥ⣬ǧĶǡ
ƫƫ츳ȴԸʶ䣬Ȼ˲ܣ
˵˵ǳԨڵĹʷһ洫ӵڷ¼ͼЩСʦʦһȷۡ
ʱŮѾ²Ž裬ϴЦĳǻ˻֣ۣѾ°ˣ
˵꣬Ůתʧ١
ŵЩ
ǡѾ꽣ˣ
ڣܹҲͰʱ˰ɣ
˵ǳԨˣǰڼѾʱˡ
ӽٴκȥʣʱϵȫŵĽÿΡԺԶԶһʦǣ򲻿ѧôֿ꣬ҲǵֻҪŬҽڹضԽţʮ뽣ڣȡҲ¡
ǡ΢΢ͷԾɴмɻ
ʦ㾭֮ʱƺ˵һ䣬°಻⣿
ò°Ҵ˿ѾöݷصլС
ֽӵһԣѾ֮ϣָδĻζĿ촽΢ţԷУΪ
˹ӣ
Ȼǿ˵㣬֮ʵڷ㣬ȫַſڣɡ
һ컹ĸʱİ࣬һٴεĽҪЩ鷳
뵽ŵӵԼҲ˹ʵģֻˡ
û뵽ڵҪ򹤣˻ô򹤡
ϱһ996Ŀĩ˫ݴнͨͨӰȡڼӰʱһȣԴͿĵֱGGԼҹ˾ٻǴ˸֣⳥ĸǮҲˡ˭֪һۣͱС
ƵǣСҲǲܶͯġ
ҿۡ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪһݳĹһ칤Сʱ˯СʱְСʱĩ˫ݣн٣ڼϢиһ˵Ĺѡ
˼ҴԽԽ˾͵ùϱϱӵҵ
ͽѹեͯĳԨڣ˻ûľؾ͵ͲԣҪǷǰ㹻ȫεģ
֪ԶҲġ
ԨڣҲǾĳ͵һƾۼء
ʲô996ʲô007ⳤԨһȼֱеս
Ԩڵſڣһ˵ǽڴʦһ齣ʮ֡ڣΨ޶ѡ
üһڵǸġ
ɵĵӣǲ˯óԷģıٹȵӴϢСʱܸ㶨ʣµʱȫ
һʮĸСʱʮСʱ
ЩţƵģ˵ҪרŽһЩʱСһʮ˸Сʱȥ
ֲ˹ֲ˹
ǣھԽŨ
ǰսеʮ겻ݣձЧʮ겻ݡ
ǰнڵΪ鲻ޣеӶһ򽣣
µĻʲôĩβ̭ơ
ÿŵĩǧ˶Ҫ̭ŵһҲҪ̭洫ʮҲʱ䶯
ˣΪ˲̭ЩӾһһŬһһ
ҸսŵʱĩӵΪԲ洫ĩǽ𵤳ڡ
ʮȥĩӵΪѾ㣬洫ĩѾǽˡ˳һᣬȻǽڵΪҲԽͳĽ𵤺ˡ
Ҷɵˡ
ҪҪôֵǣ
Ҷֻͨˣ㿪ɶٷ֮ʮŵҲȫڻңӺͬأְѧúܰ
˵ˣνɾһ͹˾ǾְԱ
ǻֵȼP9P8offer
ʷٹʲôģҵĻ
˵ףмܷɹ󲿷ֵˣ»ΪʲôѾԾ沨ʼŬˡ
ΪԼеʶûУſڱտھǲܶ
ھҪ
ŵһŵһ
洫ӡ룬롣
뵽ұ
Ҳ˵Ҫ㵽ףɶҲɣôԲԼŵӹʣҲԲԼġôȥоԼȼӰҲԶˡ
ӰǲܼӰģŵӵĹǹ̶ģӰǲǮġ
ϰʱһ㶼û㣬ԶԵˣ
ŵһҲһξ룬ǿԼϰൽ°ġ
Ϊ̫ϵΪҲ֮
ΪֱӴֱԲ
꣬ҽᵤҾԲҪְн洫ӣƽ׸ԼҸʦ쵼쵼һҼӰ࣬ǣ·һЦָɽԼĵһ
Ѿɵޱ䡣
ÿ¶Ҫһʹϰߡ
ݡ
ΪԲһ㣬Ų㡣
ݡ

ҵΪٶ½߲㡣
ţˡ
һֱûгɼҲãһֵ¼¿ʼ
ҿǸְСš
̵뵽
˲أ췿š
ʦã
ŶϤ
ҺװԼڣѾſڡ
˶°ʱˣͬ׼û£


2 
㵽磬ҲӲ°Ҫͬ½Ч罻Ŀհ
ۣڴϣһҲ
ûأɡҴ˸ֱָӽ⿪ŵԽ
һˮɻˡ
ݣϴһɫۣ񴿾ִ䣬ļҵˮɻ˾ǳԨڵŵ֮׳ơÿһζÿмҲͬŵӿѾ궼ǵһڽڵĴҲֻЩ洫Ӳһ㣬˵񲻹Ŷʮ壬Ϊ˽֪ձض洫ӣ
ǡǰЩӽɽ𵤣һƷѾкüҪΪͽֻڣʱȥ洫ӵĹʡŵӿλͨȴԼŬΪʦ֣ѧϰİ˷ˣòŮΪ֮տֻһڣɻһʾͽȻʧˡ
ʦãײ˸ŵµӣˣȰҶѾȰ㻹ǲ϶һνȻı£˵ѾΪʮ洫ձضҡֱϡһΪ洫ӣÿȡķܹʮ˵Ǹؾȶֱӽ롣ڳϸĪ⣬ʵǷؿԡ
߶߶˵һѡ
ѾſԼ
ţͬϲ߶߶
ǰһδŮʮͬǶÿ춼üꡣЩ˵Щʲô
档
̫ˡ
ΪƾھԼΡ
쵼ıԣοͬ»ı
Ҳա˵֮Щδÿ֪ҿ϶ûȥҲûйϵϾȷǸ졣Ϊŵ֮ףֳ࣬ƽʦʦǰٲҪװ䣬ɱˣ
ҾǸڣҴ˵
ҪǣȻϳϣ֪Լǰʱ֮ʱǸ˾Ծɡ
һ㣬ҲҪ
ʦһΪǰܹʲô˲Ż˲ϽȻΪޣôܻ᲻أ
޿û£ûѣһûн
޿ԲԷȾƣһܲ
ʦãҪҪ˵Լ˰£һĿ˵
˶Է棬Ҳ
еĹ̬ȻҪеġԸԸӰ࣬ҲҪֳһ̬
̬ȣ̬൱Ҫ
ܹ֮ﹶڣľϿҵϴ̬ȺĺƤ
ҶˣֻҪŵʱԼֵ̬㹻Ҳûзʲô£󲿷Ҷ߸߾µġ
ʦ˵
ƼƺʶҪԣҲ΢΢һů
֪ʦÿ϶ҪŬģֻΪڶʦõӲʦõģԲŻˡֻҪſʦõ츳,ʦÿ϶ܹ֮ܿС
ʦãڣϾҪˣƹѹյҶ˵ҵʦ͵͵ҵġڣʮſһΣʱֻҪʦѡһƷϺõ齣ҲֱӱΪ洫ӣʦ˵űֲͻڽ뽣ڣ֮ȴõһ񽣵ϿɣǵһбһǧΪһĽ֮һ
νڣԨӼǵ彣вѾɹĽɵ彣ڣ
ڽ޶ԣȥԼı֮⣬Ҳռ߼һЩ齣ڷĽɴڶȹ֮ʱʱΪ˰Ҳ״齣齣Ͷ뽣ڣ˵ĻԵһЩڵ֮ʣǲԼıɳҲ齣ؽڣϣʦʦܹ̳Լ־ŬС
˵ڣ齣ǳԨܹڵһѽεĵڡ
ĽΪһͨͨ齣ҵʱ򣬳ԨڵĵֻҪŬʮлõһϵȵĽ
򵥴ȷͬ˾һ˾ۻҪԼŬ׸򳵣һ˾ֻҪиʮлӵкĵضκ
⻹㣿
ŲԶʳԭ򣬳Ԩÿһνڣŵʱ򻹻ͱĽڽһӭڵ֮ǽڣѡһΪ˹ԵȻΪǽ⻹˵
ڣĿҼǵóȥ洫ӿԻʸ֮⣬ŵֻȡǰʮŵֻȡǰʮ˶ѡ
ʦ÷ģŵӵһѾӵһҺܿͻʽаʦ񣬵ʱҵܿճҽǡƺԥĻشʦı£һֱܹΪ洫ӣ
زˡ
ҪóȥԴ㹻ԪӤˣԨһԴҲһֻ۱һֻۣôѡԼˣˮ㡣
ƾȻĻ
ҵЩַܿ
޵ֿǽԨڴŵӾ󲿷ֶǹżּеµģ˺ҲһľӶࡣ
ǿֶ飬¶ԲͼҪܾ
ֵطʲôȥģȥһĸ۵齣˿ô죿
ֻ˳˳칤ʣ˳˳ݣԺҸɽˮĺõطϣϼֻСͺˡΪʲôҪ벻ȥʲôʲôģôɵĳɹĲżٷ֮ʮŵŵĶɽڵʱ򶼱ˡ
͵˳ǧ꣬ĹɶҲûܵҪܴɻҪ
붼òֵã
ʦãѾֱȥˡû뵽һûȥڣѾˣпϢˣʦȨƣϾб仯
һҪлл㰡ǵôܵ
֪ԼҪȥһˡ
ƫƫƻΪǣҪǻƵĻҪж
Ϻˣĺ˾ܾ
ܸоܾĺ۸һ
ˣʦãһƺԱĴĽڵǰμӽڣѡһŵĵӿֶĻƵ㵽ֹЦеĿңȻ֪ʦһϲ׾ֻһҪѵ㹦ˡ
ƿ˿ҷİ裬ζʦöԼǺʯأ
ԨڵʲôģǾǲġɱģԺǾǴ´ģҲΪʲôһֱڳԨڵԭ
ǮǸλˡ
ʦ뱦ɽֹ飬Ҫȥˡ
ҿԼˮƽĬĬĵ˴ͷ
ˮƽԲܽͣ


3 
ƵϢһϢˡ
һڵϰʱڵĵҵڣŵ
ȥѾӵˣʣµŵŵΪܹӵлȡ뽣ڣǽһҡŵԷΪҪȥģϧǰŸշΪھͳ˹涨ŵ䵽ȥ
֮󣬾˵ֳ˲ٺҵ顣
ȫ̶ûв롣
һˣۿųԨڵĸΪһ
˵ʲô޶˼һļһǶӦùЩΪܹȡ뽣ڣĻܹ޳ܵʲôزźá
Ϊ̫͵ЩҪ϶ѡȵ֪Ҳӵнʱ򣬽ڣѾڼҪֶˡ
ʦãһһĽɵӽ뽣ڣȡǵʵ֮¡һμңһҲֻо洫δ뽣ڣȡȡıѷɫˣϹȥͬģܹȡһ߸Ǳһݺʹ͸ͷ֮ˡʱͼܹҴ
ڶѾվڽڣſˣԱߵȺŵĽ޵һ죬˵
еˣѾʼȽҪڽ뽣ڣǰԼĽ⡣
Ϊһ죬ûнɽ𵤵ĽϵĽᵤûĽϵͼһήȴܣԾǼӰͷ֢״
ٿң͸죬վɢɢΪޣѽ趼û۾ƵģΧγ˼ΪĶԱȡ
еˣȻţʵ
еˣȻվţѾڻ˯ˡ
ʦãʦãôƲɵķŴһ
ˡ۾˸Ƿʦ֣ѾվҹˣҿڣһʱǲῪģҪȻȥϢһ£Ƚڣ
ôɺҲǰ취
ʲôƹأȻҪЩ뽣ڣǰҪԡţʲôʱڣҲ˵һֱ˷
ϰľֺЧļٰʽˣ
飬ͷԵʽ
վֱ㣬ЩϾҪˡƸʹ˸ɫŶǰչҪһĿˡ
üһֲôӵأԭͷ˾ҪӲ졣
Ҳòվֱ塣
Ҫû쵼ô춼ԣ쵼ҪԼɢɢĲ쵼ӡŴ󣬴˲ϳЬ
֣겻ɰȻδˣ쳹Ƭ֮еɾǳԨεȻ
εȻѼЦˣ˷ǴҼĺ󱲵ǰڣҲûлټ
߳һƬƲʡ
ֻƲ׵벼ʱʱ˸磬Χһɻ֮ȥĽ⣬ʮ㡣
Ľ⣡ѹż˵û뵽ĽҲʵһΪֻǳԨڲд˰ɫĽޡ
ֵܣСۡ
ֲǳԨڣôֻܾгԨнޣ뷨Ҫá
ѾڣԿˡ
ȵˡ

ڣţӵԼڣĹâִͽȥЩҲѾɫȻһ֮ɫ
ԨھȻ˵̣
⽣ڣϢְ磬ֱ
ĺٸҵҪ뽣ڣ콣ڣȡļʲңҲˡҲ˵ԼıֻҪڶʮҾͱȽϿˡ
ٽ֮ǰǱԼ³¯ʦ˹ȥ
ͽĽҲΪʦλʦã޽֮ģҪ˷һεˡڽڣţ˶ڶŽڣΪڣпΨŮȴͷĬʵڹˡ
򣬸޷ޡ
ʦġƳĬһѡײʦʱʦȻסʦþҼΪĽӡ

ǸŴ󲿶ӽ뽣ڣġ
ڣĽȵȵõģΪԨڵӣҶ֪뽣ڣ֮Ǳ齣ȥ齣
΢ĩΪȲѾڽڣ˲֪꣬ٴӢۺܵʲôʱ򵽵ȵܹ齣ȫӳǸʱǲȡ齣ȻԸʶ䣬齣ɳҲҪջȥġ
ҵ뷨ܼ򵥡
϶ǲֻܿȥģһֻȥʱϹȥķҪˡͬģҲֵܱ̫ãҪѡĳԺٲҪñӳŬȥС
еĶȣҪպá
ԺתȦʵҲ͹ȥ˶̶һɲǡȵ۵ʱѾ˽ڣ֮С
Ϊڣ
ڣ֮ء
½޺뿪֮ǵعĵط
Ҹۣ͸оԼļƺʲôһѹҪֱѹࡣ
͵Ľ⣡
ߣҲ
⽣ڣĽǲǳԨУվȾѪ͡⽣ڣ֮󣬸ǽȻЩӽٲҪԵࡣ
ڵ谭תԷˮһ򵥡
û취
Ҳ˵ǻۡ
ÿôģĻӻӽôܹΪеزˣõ֮ҵһ뷨ǸĽЧʣôһʣµʱȫӵĿʱˡ
ĽĹȷʵôһѣһǳɹˣΪó˵߿ҹľͷ֪˶ٹ񹦴ɡ·˯򶷡ʱڲϵѭɡ˵ĽٶȻ2GĻôҲǸ4GŹĲϸĽĿǰѾܹ5Gˡ
תϵѹʱһᣬ벻бķˡ
Σհ
⻹ԼҵضˣҪԼΪ˳ԶĽޣ²ǳԷˮҪԼҪ
ԽԽò
УСûܹûȥ˵еĻϲȥЩῡС磬ûȥСȥЩ˵ָ߽ķʥɮӻûȥЩ˵Դ޶꣡
ܺùʣԵģ
Ҷʱ˵
ȻȵҴԼĳ֮ȴԶѾвٽ޵ˤڵأ
ϣһվŵģȫһԼ洫ǣ
Ƶ۾
ȻʦûǺܿһνڣģͻȻʼˣ
ҪкͼͻȻһһ൱׾ӵƵȥ
׾ӵݼˣʦá


4 
ҳԼĻԼȥʱԵøʵһЩ
ҲۣǵʿģѾĵǹˡû¾ϲԼΪȥ˾ͲҲһֱżԼ齣ԭ򡣷һĵ˲ԼˣαػǸǮأ
ڵ֮ǰѾ˳˫͸Ų۾
ߣʲôϵ
ֻҪ쵼ˣһж˵
ɣɱܽγ֮ˡ
غ󲻾ãԺôһ
飡
ô룬еĽ޵Ժﶼ֡
ֻмƷı飬򽣶Դһɽ⣬Ƕ޵彣ܲһǵӵн齣ѾƵǷϵ涼Ҫ۾ʵġڽڣ֮УܹǵıҲ࣬˵Щӵǵıλ׿ЩͨʵĽޣ
нǰڵΪضһǧ
ɽ˵ǳԨڵڶʮϯӵ彣һħһʱ콾û뵽彣Ȼڽڣ֮У
ޡɽʮϣҷҪõɡ


н޺ܿͷԶʯͷϵһɫı
Ǳʵ޻ǵ۾һҲûа취ƿߡ˵齣ڽ޶Ըǵ£ôѽԳƵǾɫˡĿֱѾ˽޹ıܡ
Ҫ
Ҫ
ԽǿϵѹȸҲԽǿѾǴ粽УҪӽϼѡ
ҲɽǵֻܹѹߵǰˣʸγΪµˣ
ʱЩԾվĽǺԥǰ
ͨ
˲̫죬ⶸȻصľֱѹڵء
ͨͨ
һһĽ޵ȥ
ǲûоôڵһǰ
ֻҪܹõɽʲôµľǳԿ࣡
ͳ˵ġ
ûж
ɨһִۣ뽣޶ɽ˹ȥصЩѾųˣôվŵĹϷЩվŵгƣм˵洫ӣһġ
ʣһЩվŵĹĽɽϣǳ෴ķȥ
ѾɽĽزһµĽˡҪøʺԼĴŽı͵෴ķ߲С
룬Լǲȥ
ĬĬŲŲ壬һԽԶɽϵѹȸоԽ١
ȵҾòʱŷɿߣҲҪɽĵϡ
ޣĿȥ
һͷԨڵεȻĽ޳һԹۿŽڣӰ
û뵽ɽȻѡн޿Ҫѡš
һ˵ֻԼϵĽ޷롣
ɽڽڣĬ꣬û뵽һξȻѡɽһǵܺðΪĽ΢΢Լ彣Ҽҽ˵ǧǰɽһϧδʤϣܹٶһΡ
ΪõɽĺҪһΪٶǻеĵȡһ۵ߴЦµɣɽ֮ңʱɽſɲҪۡ
ǺǣҽڣţȻûзڵĵڣҲвٽǰĽڣﶼΪĬɽͷҲڳ˯лѡһΣЩ޵˵ĪĻԵҽˣѾָտɴεȻƺѾӳưδ
ЩǽȻպգ޷޵ȵȵͳȴΪǽ޸͵żͽЩҲǽ޲ԴǽҪԴԽԽֻĽǸ࣬ͳʿȥ³
֮ˣ֮ǰȾҪ
Щ֡
ڣ֮ǰΪҲڣѯЩǲûгɽĴ㣬ôͻȻͱأ
Ľƺɽһѡ
һĮ
ʱԺѾ˸ָĽ
˵õĽϡأ
ôͻȻڣĽǴײһˣ
ҵѾûˣɫҲͱɥɥģװһˡ
Ʈѩ飬ǳԨڷˮɵ彣
ˮɣһڽʷصһĹұơ
˵Ϊ޷һѩ򽣵𵤣سԪӤ֮ĵ;һ·˳ޱȣչʲôһˡ
ҲǵúλˮɵͳɣѽǺǣ͵Щǰ˽ɡ
˵Ƚ飬Ҫ
һδߵƮѩڵλãͼʱת˷
Ȼô͹ܲˡ
нıͨͨҪ
ҲûԹΰѽЩҲƢġû飬Ҳ̺Ľ⡣
ŸסЩĽҾ͸оԼòױȥΪڴ
ҴģҪԼγ̾ܿʼᵤ
زˡ
Ҫᵤ̾ҪΧۣ˵ԺҪһ֮Ůͷ
Ժ쵼ӣͬ¼ʣӰܿ࣬ϰӾҪˡ
ɶ
Ұĥô⽣ڣĽһô
ƽһıѵͲڣô
˪顭
üһһ顣
ٶȵת
׷ǽ顭
Щôһһ
ӲͷƤѡһĵ·ߡ
СЩ˼ͻȻָӡ˵ƺ뽣Եÿһѡķ
ӦЩûпδһۻشǸôԶ
ҲֻܸЩǵı²ʲôڷٻѡ
ֻ߰˲Ϊֲûн鿴
ţŵңΪʱý뽣ڣǳƽԼŵһԱ̵ĳ϶˵ʲֻǽĲȫպɾޣǰ޷޳ԪӤչ涨ֻܵһ¡ܻһϣ
ֲϽļһǳԨڡ
ʵλϻҪ˵һˮı£ϾܵľǷ顣
ǸɶУÿ쿨ŵһ¿ξߣӲԣòһ硣
Ҳ֪ĹϰôһϹ²е͵£
һʱԶǵһԴģ
ôʯιȥȻҲûιһ
ʱϻпڣȻܶԼ磬ֻܼ˵ˡ
εȻ΢΢һЦСе˼
Ҫôĺ޽ģԲκ齣ĺ
ҪôˣһҲҪ
ǰ֮ڳԨҲټǧ겻ţǳԨҵҲֻôȼܹñ١Щˣ붼ѾΪΪˡ
֪쵼ǻԱ͵İã
һ·ûĵطߣԽԽɡ
̫ˣûнŵĵطһûô
ѡһѿ̫еģȻܱڣͳȥ
ֻҪﵽҪԽͿˣɵٺҲ෢һǮ⽣ڣĽγ˾ͲܻˣҪСĵá
ֻҪӰͲ
ҵĿܿͱһѱʷıסˡ
໣⽣ʵ̫ˡ
ⱦ콣ʸ˰ɡ
ҵĺ
֪ôһֱǲʵģ᲻ϵĻԼĽ⣬Ȼһų¡
һɣһֻһһ֮춯أ뽣ʷᡣ
ҲҪһֱ
ֽͺӣΪ׳ʵԵҲ񣬾ƷҵޡտģʱԽԽͬģıҲˡ
Ҫ󲻸ߣʲôһģֻҪʮݵľС
Ͼʱ̫̫Ҳ̫ã׳洫ӡ
֪ǰѿ챻ʷĽӦþˡ
Ұ֣ĽԼַȥ
ֽ˵ǰݣˣһ߶߶˵Ŭ
ʣʾǽͬΪı
ҷ·ѾְнϰڵԼ
ˣ
ססʣ㽫ⱦͬһ
εȻ˲ɿ˹ȥ΢΢۾֮ɫԱ
λѾϲŭɫ̬ˡ
һѽǲһģ
һδȴ׾ٵĴӽ֮бγ
ʢ
ݡ
ʢ
ͬһʱ񷣬Х
ڣ֮ƺӦϴ缴һʱɽš
ЩŬĽҲƺĳ־񽣽׷׳Žķȥ
˭
Ȼܹƣ
ʢ񽣣˳Ԩڴʦϯӵ彣
ħ֮أǧ֮٣ȾħѪ͡
һ̫ƽ
λӡ齣ǰʮζҪһĴ˵е񽣡
룬Ȼڽڣ֮У
˵ɽ֮ҲΪˣ
ȻѡһΪƽƽŮӣ
ҵĵӣ̡εȻ޲ýŮ´Լ²
˭ֻҪʢˣʶʸ
ԱߵѾĨ֮ɫ
ĪҪ˳Ԩڣ
ȻεȻδ˵ꡣ
ʢγȻֹ
һйΡ
ҺԾ쵼עĿ֮£ۼֿĽʢ²˻ȥ


5 
ҺĿ죡
£ѱȥʢһ¡
ҪǱ˷ǻ˵ãԼҪǰѽȥһӶˡ˵ŵĳϣǳԨڵţЩǣ¶Ҫص㶢
ǿӵʢɾһĶ⽣֮һʱ򣬲ǳȥ񣬻ȥʲôֻնħʲôģǶѡ쵼
Ǻǣ·̫Ϥˡ
ְľǺܲпģ
ǹͷ
ͬ˶㿴ǼУ޲òλе쵼ǰϣ۹⿴㣬úþӦãĲþǡ˵á˴ѹ˴ΣŲҪְִ־ش˾ʹְ¡ҪǷҪʹʱΪ˱סСǲҲþӹ붼ǲʹ
ԲҪɣ
ҪȵڳԨڻԵвˮƽŬܹʣȻȥϷһӣܹӵұֲøֻ裬һ㻯Լ衣
;ÿġ
꣬ΪҪˡ
ҸһΪֱ
ֻʢһѰȻôһ˲ôҪѽ°뱲͵Űǧ궼ݰɡ
ңܾЩʲôڱ͵͵ĿԼһ
⣬ôˣ
ڣô飬Ŷǰˣ쵼ôܲȥ͵͵۲ʲô
ԼǰʱÿζΪβڣóС˵ͿŴڿء
˻
ӰҸӺˡ
ԼԤа˳ɲдԼı־Ҫ쵼ˡγʢֽ˻ȥɾڴ쵼쵼ĶѹͲϡ
üһⲻñ쵼Ǻ޵
Īš
ҿսġ
ҵתķɿ죬쵼ǰ˷ͷ¶ʱҪβԼ
ֻһҲ򵥿׵һ
Ǿװ
ҵɫʱһҰס
ۡҵ˲ͺȫƲסҵһ˶ԵЩҡҡ׹
ȿȿȡͷԼ׾ݼ۽ǵȴƳڣΧĽ
װҲҪװм
ֱôˣ쵼ǻģ㲡˾ֱӸ㴩СЬˡ
쵼ϲʲô
ϲ˲Ǽڴӣ֮㻹֧ŲסȥǵĹ۸ֻòһ󣬾ˣҲûа취ǳ㡣
ϾѾôŬ˰~~
ŬھۼأǾһԭĴʡ
˲Ŭ˵ԭ
ὣ޲Ŭڽ˵ʮ⡣
ĵĺáǿĽʢ񽣡
ʢ񽣽飺
Ůޣô£
Ȼڽڣ˲꣬ǰҲսΪѾǽ鵱еϴˣڣĽǼǿͿĺ硱ġ
ѵһ󱲣󱲾Ȼֲȥˣ
飬ûǰҲȫûн̹
ڣãȻ֮УڻɽǲΪԼ˯̫õСѾ˵ˣʲôҲûüְ
ȴֵĸ
ҡҡҪõʢ۾ͨ죬ȴԵĻɢƺǿʲôþһŲѾʢ෴ȥȴдʣõʢܶԵŵĽ̵֮ˡ
ӦǱʢǿĽһԿʢǿ󣬳ֽ˻ȥüǸһۡ
ˣʵ벻ͨôܻнֿܹסʢջ
վλϵҪҲҪǰõʢ
ϧСﻹΪ̫ˣֻǰһ½Ѿֻþˡ
εȻֱЩԣûü˵ͿղǸĳѾж
û뵽ҾȻμŴǰԩˣȻ̫ڷܣƷǺõġ
εȻҲ벻ͨ
ʢ֮ڽޣǾһϣ
Ϊޣ˭᲻Ҫһʢأ
ѵΪΪ̫Բ᣿ܹʢ˻ǲġⶫ֮ҲԺԸҲһЩ񣬿ǲϼ֮ˣ
Ҳ֪ԼǱݸ˭ġ
С޴
СôЩ꣬Բܴʱ﷭
ԽԽ죬һãϻȱڵһнϡ
ѽǿˡ
ϵ¶дšòҵҲء仰
֣Ѿֱӳ֮Ϊͭˡ
ûʢҲǲȥѡѽġϾôҲǳԨΪεĵӣҲ̫ŵ
ڣûѡ
ʢһװֻѡһԼѡĪصĽ쵼ǾáѾܵ˸صĳͷʵڲ˼ˡܼ֮š
ԣҪѡĽԽԽá
쵼ǵĶǶ£ɲô򵥵鰡
ʢҵˡ˫ֽסѲнĽ
ѽ˲ȱǽγ˵ΪˣΪҪ½ĵ;ǻһˡΪҶжĳϵЩš
ڣ֮УĲн
ֲнضǵ֮ٵĳλ콾彣½ȱڣҲضһϯ֮ءܹ޲ȫҲػض齣֮СɰͰ͵İοһ䣬֪ԽǺõ齣޲Խѡ
ΪʲôôΪ齣һ޲Խҵ
ƫƫ齣ǵĵڶ޲һ齣һѶҲΪ齣ͳǵĽ֮ģΪ𻵾ͶôͱԼĴʲô
ĳֻþˣȻѲн뵤֮Ϊ
ΪʢɣʢΪ˷ֹ˶ߣ϶ҪΪһپһܰȫ
ϧʢȴϴˡ

޳ǿҵ
ˣʵ̫ˡ
ⲻ֪ȴѵļѲн
оͲ£Լյ̫죬òԼΪء
ֻҪԼΪ޲ѲнܽΪĸɾˣһá
ԱߵʢѾ˹𷽲󱲸Լܴ裬Ҫһѵ
Լ˳Ҫջȥô׵£
ôʢҪӵô
ʢҪôһĨ󱲺úÿҪͲһȴϤϢƮ˹ȥ
ջؽ⣬ʶϳ˯ȥ
ţһǧٴӽڣ˰ɡ
ҽѲнʽ뵤֮ʱ
ģƺоѲнϴ־
ѲнһԴԴϵĴﴫ˹ȥ
໡
Ҫեˡ
һȥǰһͷǣұֵôŬôˣ쵼Ӧò˰ɡ


6 
ҸоԼƺ뵽һ
ܹĸоԼΡ
֮⣬ʵôȫǽɽǰһɽϲĽܼ־֢ųһ亹
̧ͷͿõӰ֡
ʿͶʴ֣һ泤ʹˮɣԴ뷨֮򽣵֮ҹɹΪԼһҲнӾҵҵѧĥ֮¡
ӿЩ˵ݻ鼤ܹ֮
ЩӰڿݻصıǵĽ֮һԼĺô
ֻǿۣͲٿˣǺĴΧĻ
ղΪֻԼһΣڿͷϵЩӰ֪֮ˡ
ԼҲμ˵ĴݻӦμһЩ˧СǲŶԣٲèèҲУﶼЩɶ
˶ĽݻΪĻᶨ
һİξﴫ
ұССһ¡
ϵͳѵôĽָҪˣԣϵͳӦò˵ĻǾǶ᣿ҲԣΪôͣǸҲֹҲŶԡǵķ
¡
ҪղžͿԶˣصȵڡ
ûǴĻԼ֮ǰӦûڽڣ
ˣڣ
ĪҰγǰѽĽ飿ȥ֮ʣµľֻȷˡ
˴ϻۣá
ԷƺӾϲҵĴܿԳһĨӰ
ֻƮƮģʣһ״ǿһˣŶԣԽ顣
ţһ㶼ˡ
еǾͻʶıˣŮľͻʶıŮġ
ҲҺˡ
Ȼ޺ͽ̫֮׳ˣʱ򡰽޵žǽ仰Ͳһ٩ʵˡ
㶼ƳǸˣȻн飿һ£Ҳ򵥰
Լ֮ǰǱѲнιȥġ
ǿʱԽᵤľ޴ٶȻǱ˵ĺüȻһ˲ͱˣ
һС
뵽˿ͦãʵÿһԼΪҲͦ۵ģҪѽ԰ٶȣͲôŬĿԼΪˡ
֪֮ôõЧͲôŬ
ȻƽԼ
һϺ޲ĳĬһƺǵһ˵ȻΪ٣ۼڡĽ츳ܸߣ飬һҲʵȻڵΪһЩֻҪҰ֮ھ˳ᵤ֮ڳɾԪӤڻ£
ʮŬչԼŵ㡣
ȻںѪѾǱˣҲϣΪԼԸʶ䡣ô˵ҲǳԨڵĺ󱲵ӣΪһ֮˽ͻһǰ;С
ɶ½ԪӤ仰ʱüͷ
ÿӽΣҴָ㣬һ½ᵤԪӤҲѡΪʱ̫һʱ䡣
Ȼ޸һЩûϵᾡһЩ
ҾܾҼᶨƵ˵
ʵʱȹ̡
ҲҪᵤҲҪӤԴǵ˵ԵĻϣܶһҵΪ䵽Ĳɣ뿪žС
黹û˵˹ŹֵҪ
ĪСҪϻ
԰һ㲻ô棬˶֪ͬ޵У˭ųԨڵĵӻǸݰأ
ˣҵıҲҵĽ飬ǾӦҵġǽҵ޸ԼҲķǽҵͣҪ㣬ô϶ӱǰ˸̻ˡ
ƣ˵Ķʲôλ
ͽӤ
Ҫ
ÿӽΣֶϵĺòð
˵
ȣÿۿγֻĸʱһյʱ䶼УҾӰࡣһָ˵
ĸʱҲ͹ġΪ졣
ʲôЦ
ĸʱһŹȥ֮һ
ͨҲûô˷ѹġ
ڶҵΪͿŵеͶˮƽͺˡǰΣ㣬ıΣ쵼ȣҲҲô൱ܵĽڣڶָˣԵĻϣαװҪ齣ҾͿܲ־Ͳˡ
УеͶˮƽֻţеǵһ˲ϽҪ
ңֻǽ飬㲻ŵӵһġһŵӺ͵һĶһǮôŬʲôҵһʲôãױ˶ϡһ㲻ı顣
ȷţԺٺ˵ʱҲû뵽̫࣬ʱٲͺˡ
һнȨ鷿С
ˣҪ׳԰׺ȳԨڵĶ
ɲô˵ҵţҪŵӵΪϣǲǵڣôŵҪŵӵʲôԣ
˹˾ǩ˺ͬ͵ðͬ£
涨ԭΪ˱ŶԵһͬʶõͳһ׼ǻŵǻ
û뵽ھȻ͵Ľڣ
ɡɽ޾ӦҪŬС
˭˵ģý˵˵˶ѡŬͲŬȨֲȥ谭ŬôҲŬҲˣʲôԣҷ
޲޽ǿ󣿡
ԽǿԽ졣ͷҲ̧˵ܵģˮġǽ飬˵ǳԨڴʦϯӣҲʢƽƽ
Ȼ
ʢƽƽΪʷǿĽޡ
ʦ࣬Ҳ̾мӣ˾˵ƽƽضᳬԼ
ˣ˷֮ǰΪ˶֪ҪֹͱҪȹͽһأƽƽʦǰϦ
֮̫ĺڰ
ԨҲǲųɳġ
˳Ĭ
ȥһǽʷͻ֣ᷢлɹĽޣЩһʱĽţЩǰƽƽƽƽҲƽƽˡҿԼϴۣӹӹأǲܾһ׺ıҲ
ɵֻҪﵽھɽˣɵɷҪõӽڲɽǣҲűɽڲɽҸ̾룬˻һӣܻ꣬ԪӤܻꡣֻ꣬ҪŬһУΪŬ꣬͵Ŭ꣬Ŭ޾ͱ꣬˭Ҳûúá
˭Ϊ˻ˣ
ǻۣ࣬˼ʮĻĿ֣ó֮ܿûκ塣
Ҳ㲻ҶӭƽôһۣԣΪҵĽ飬ҲҪ͵ƽЩźá
˵ˡ㲻ٳĬܾ˵Ĳԣ˵ﲻԣǸղžֻܳĬ
ֻ֣ҪҵģһоͲ
ǽ飬ҲӰࡣ
ûʹҵ֡
ˣֲҪһӻ֣ȻңҪҲãҪԭҲã㣬Һܺദġ
ƺЦ
ԸãܻȽʵ֡
ǺǣҶѾôʮˣ򵥵ĺܣҾʮ㡣
ǹһ
־ɱ
ŵģ̾ʹξﾪ˹


7 
Ȼΰɡ
һʲôģʦү彣ʲôģôܻΪĶ
˵ˣһӦ͸ʦүŶԡ
Ҳ̫æˣҪú÷żϢһ£ⶼʲôΣ
֮ҿԼϤĻһֹŹֵİС
㲻Ρ
ԺٶһϤ
ˣҿ϶ǼӰӵģȻʼֻˣ䣬˲ǳš
Ȼʺõ㹤ʹԼӡ
ö˶˵ģʲôڣʲô
ʦã˰ĳƶһҩѾӴҲֳһĨϲɫ𶯣һ㣬ҪݽߣѾúϢһˡ
ôĵô
͸һļ٣ŶҪʱȥ˰ɡ
ΪЩͣһ㣬ǳԨڵŵôһҵԺʵ
Ҿ͵û
лʦ֡ҽӹЩοƷִ˳һʵΪˣõһѲĽ
硣Ȼ飬ѾԣǻԵ㹻˵һҵĽ¶һĨ˼ɫʦѾҰ洫ӵʱ԰ȥʦڵɽͷ
ԨѾ˲ãΪҲܳΪ洫ӣ
ϲҲ⽣ϻ
ҾöԲǣʦãԭֻǺĺ뽣ڣû뵽ȴҵôһѽ˵ԽĲԭֻϣû뵽䵽ز
ԼĴָȡƵҵǰһЩ޲ҪĲϣòҵôһЩ㿴ܲţ
ȻʲУĵزЩҶõϣ˰ɡ
Ҳáҽֱָ˻ȥͦõģѽҲûô
ȳƼ˵Һܿת˻⣬ôιȥˣڣôˣ
㵱ʱӦǱʢĽŪ˻þ˲Ż֮ԼһѲнʱΪʢѵԵʣڣﲻٽ鶼âֻǳԨڵʦַõ齣ɡ
Ƽ򵥵Ľڣ﷢鶼˵һ顣
ܽǣԨջɵȻûгͷٻǺȵ
ԨڽĵλǼ᲻ɴݡ
ҵ԰һ㡣
ͺá
ôΣգò׽˳ԨڣǳųԨڵͷġֻҪǳԨڵĵӣֲȥ˶ŵġ
ȻˣҲԲȥʲôͽܣͽܺڻ·ʲôġ
Ҳȥʲô·ߵص˧磬ñ˶ҪԼʲôġ
һЩΣӦöԱܿˡ
ƼҵɫԾɲǺܺã˵˼֮ûټˣҺúϢȻǸָôҲûдߣһҪҲźá
Ů֮ԽãûҪ
졣ͷͲܰһô
ȥһֶ˵
Ҷ㻹ȥһ𾪣ɱ˭ӵģҵǱ˭ˣ
׾Ȼ˼ȥ
ֻݽߣֽŲë˽ʽ
һ鲢Լ˵ʲô⣬ⶼһ֫ȫȻڴŲϳȥ
ǰ˵ݽˣ˲ܶҲԺﲻϸġ
У·
ǳõļֺŬܹü
ȥŶҷżˡµڴϣҲ첻ȥ첻ȥҲȥټҸоҵĶܵ˺Ҫݲ١
û
вд󲡣Ѿʼˡ˵ҾȻλ˹һⲻдʲô
һ飺

Ҫ˯ˡ
ôô˼ȡ
ţҪ˯ˡҽַϣҪ·˯ˣôҲǸԽ飬Ҫô
㡭ôǸңʿ˯ΪʲôҪ·
⣬һϲ˯һ
˵꣬ҽһǣҲˡ
ҪӰࣿ
ޡ
Դ޳ܵļӰҪ󣬾ҪһʼǿӲܾ
ֻҪɿڴӦܱ䱾
Щˣ˭һʼͼӰൽ賿ģǴССļӰ࿪ʼ
ˮˡ
·öˡ
һ黹Ҫ˵ʲôͿѾʼԼ·ˡ
ֻܵϿҵϵ
ͷˣѾô
Ԩڣױһַ

ڣһѾҪȴһοţҪʮԺˡ
һΣڣעĿ޷Ǿ¡
һ洫ӷõɽԺ洫ӵҪúñһ䣬ϾĿǰʮ洫ӵнĵҲĸһӣ϶Ҫ任һλá
ڶ£Ȼһ֪ŵùʢûܻȡĻԵʢǿ֮³˻þԼһѲн
Ϣ޶޲ýǸùץһ١
ǿʢ
ҲҪõֺô
תͷ룬־⵹ùѾùˣȥ˼˿ǲá
ǣ֪ԼôĻԵҪħһӶˡ
һڳԨ˺üȦ
˺ܶӶ־Ҳܼᶨٵľ󣬾֪Ԩڻ˴ȥ̵µӵġ
ֻһ˱Ƚѡ
ͬģҲֳԨĵȻŬʸߵĻǲࡣ
֮ǰΪƵʲԵ洫ӣȥŷֳƵЩ޵涼Ǹߵˡ
ôѵкѾôô
һ̾˿
Ҫȥúñ޲һҲźá
һȦԨЩ洫ڣҵߡ
ҲԹ֮ǰ뽣ڣʱôԴҷٻʢֱҡ
Ϊʺ޽ĺӣĲʣˡ
ô꣬ӵʤ
ұϾСԸ񲻶ôŬ϶ǻûгԵŬĺôֻҪ֪ŬΪԼΪǿΪ˽޵ͳˣһܹĵģ
ʱΪµһ޾ԲΣ
뵽һ
˿ԼƵĽԥĳ֮ǰġáȥ
з˸
оԵһ


8 
һ˯˵ڶ峿
ʵԼĵָûʲôһҲûǸੲݵˡ
̫ˣȻǻþô
Ҷʱÿ˲٣뵽ԼտԲϰ࣬Ǹӵˬ
ҲѾָ߰˳ɣ֮ǰɺԵ״̬ˡ
ǷٶȾô졣
ҸԼһװ׼š
·ζˣɽúò䲹ˡ
⼸ʡһ֣֮ǰһСҲ׬ǮҲңԽԼ֮ǰһȹĸɫˣ
ǳԨڵŵӣиҵȹѵõŻңֱȫ˾ǡ
ϰô࣬ԼôУ
ҸԼ˸ױ׼ȥҸڵķСһͬתһת˳ҲȥǸܶƯССһޡ
ȻҲŴ򿪷ţͿŲ÷εĵ߹
һϻһϻϻĶһּΪϤĸо
⼸һϲĳҿ˹
ûɵĸоһΣžһֱӹ˷š
ʦã㻹ǿŰɣǲõǮǲŲģӦ֪ļƺѾ뵽滺˵
ɫ˽ſʵǲõλʦأ
ֺ·
ֺţ
ҵһֻܽ´򿪡
ã˵ǳԨǵһš
˵ĵλ൱ڹ˾ĺڲţƺʲôҵ񣬵ʵϿֱӾڹ˾ӹúòá
ڽ˵ǵĵڶ
սʱ׽𻵣ֻΪʱ齣ָԼΪٶȣʱҪõóˡ
еӣȫǽ޼ޡ
ǲ޲ķֻרѧô޸齣һ֡
ˣ齣޸רеרҡ
еƺڲŵҵͬʱҲƵǺзš
ˣԨܵҲǡ
һ¾һţΪڶ֮齣𻵣õʿǷʮŽ齣޲ãԼ˽ȴ֧Ӧķá󣬲òûΪԷžԣֱӵ鵽˽صļĶѹһղ˵ֱֹܵܲĳǱߣֱӿ۳ŵֱǷΪֹ
һԲõʱ򶼵ð˼ҵĹοһССĵӣ
õ׷ծʱ򣬿ɱǰʲô˰Ҫţƶˡ
˵ԨΪţƵĵӣȥʲô洫ӣȥﵱȥˡ
ֺŵĵӣûмǴĻӦǲõľӢˡ
һѾõԼҪǷ¶ôһծ񣬲ֺŵĵծˡ
λõʦֻ֣Ǹŵӣܵ͵ģġҳһĨЦʲô
ѽİɡ·ִ򿪽ϻһѱʵ޻ȴķģһͼֵơ
齣̫ǺķҲֻǿ޲ҪָҪĵرǲõĵҪãҲȼǡǰڣѾϻ˲ٲϷѣյһʵծҲˣŵӣһԸ岻̫ʵǿԽʮ껹壬ÿһֻҪһƷʯɡ
·ЦЦֵһö򣬡ǺķѵĲۣͯܶϵļ۸ϻҪɣûռıˡ
ֻһöСС򣬵ȴ̩ɽҪء
ЩõĵӼܲ۸ܱˡһΪĶ˵
û뵽ԨڵĵˮƽôǲõĵˮƽǺܸߡ
˵ʵѽҵģôһڴ
ʦãѲнϴĿɶңԼϢǶ֪ġ·ҵİΪҲˣʦЩһֱû齣صĲϣ˵˵С⣬һƷʯӦòѡ
һҲһһٿƷʯ
Ŭ˿İ
⻹ֻǵһǮʮһ
ôӶû򣬾ȱϷˣ
ǷôܿһӣԼھһѽһԼӰĽ
ҵʲôүҪôң
˺αΪѴˣ
ҷ
ﻹ֮ǰƳʦҵһЩϣ㿴ҽǸָóҪծ
ȻָһóȴѾȫˡ
ǸҲ޲Լѽ
סס
ھ۶ЩҲܻˡ
ܲٿݼ죬ʵе
ʦãǷǲõǮҪʦŵġ·΢Ц˵ûǮĻҪŬŬȥ׬ǮˡǳԨڵĵӣôŬô
ԨڵĴȻãҶǾͿôһô
ǿɲһԴԼ׼
ˣǼչ˸ҵ
ֻҪŬУΪ洫ӣ洫ӵ㹻ǷˣеʣһԼİ취
ô˼ȡ˵׻Σв
Ҫ׬Ǯְֻнѽ
ҾǲŬ
ĺúõģΪʲôͻȻҪΪһƽϾ޶
ҵͷ𣬡ʦ֣ȻѽҴۣ
ȻҪң㻹ûн޵֮߳ģ
죬ܹ֮߳ȵƶô
ƶµĶι
ʦãӲá·ƺЩͷˣٲˣǾֻȥǱ˵˵ˡ
ҪǲǮĹûˡ
Ҫȥôһܹ㣬׬Ǯܸȫеĺõλ
ԽõĵλҪԽߣҪְ·ҵĵӵġ
ݰˣҵȹ
ݰˣҵС硣
ҳ˳ӣ۾ˣֻܽԼĴָ˳
·˺ü£ûгִóһƷʯ»ңʱǻģϣܾһǷծ
ҿԼտյĴָһʱҡ
Ͻɣ۵ģġ
Ϊ洫ӰɣֻҪΪ洫һж⡣һȫῴգڵĽпãҪõĲϣﶼС
㰡ֻһɿͨϰ尡ͲҸ׸߸˧ô
ѡҡ
֪ҴҲѡ㡣ҧгݵȫҵʣһƷʯ֪Ǯܸɵɶôһʱ䣬ҵ׬һƷʯѵȥǮׯߴô
Ե洫
ȥ񣡡ĥĥٺҵ洫ҾͰֱé˵
һвʱ֨ˡ


9 
ҲҲ档
ʱȼӰô
ֻ°ͽӵȡݼٵ֪ͨۿҪõսȴ˾ϢѾͨﵩ˼ʮͻҪҪһ浫һûдʱ򡭡
ѽһǺ
սȭͷס۶ĳ嶯
Ҫ۶ˣԼҪһˡ
ͽѪģǱȵ»ҪܵĴڡ
ԣҲζҪ߶߶
ƽʱֵĲǸͷӣΨ߶һϣʵǸϹŶ
ΪʲôͱĽ޲һ
ĽҪңԸԼԿʲҲҪõĸҡ

һûᵱ洫ʲô飬Ҳҵв
ȫ֪Լ
Ҫ޲Լд޲ˣΪҲܵõܶôĽ޶뷽跨ȥΨңԼǻʮƷʯѣͽ޵ҧгݡ
ҪǱĽ֪ʮƷʯӵйһֻζôġ
ұҭһʱԡ
ˣĴˡ
ͲӦѧѧͲ007ͲȻԽ
ҪǣͲּȥν
һЩʵҲû˵
ڽ˷һǴס
ǿŬӦõģΪŶԼҲӦõģΪػٹΪ֮ܶһӦõġ
ΪǣѾϰߡ
Ѿ̽ǵĹ
ִҲкܶΪ996ҡźˡʵΪ996ǸˡЩˣֻǱϴԵĸӳ׵ļһǰˡ
ССĽ飬ҲȾ
ҵĴȻѾҵĽˣҾͲӦֻ㼸䣬û㾭ϴ񡣡ʹ˼ʹģԺΪܹϴĸ飬Ҳúý̵ʲôͶġΪͶҪĸʱ˯ߣĸʱͶʣĸʱҪԼô
ֻ
ҷ˸ۣ죬ѡԺ㡣
ҪǱͽѪͽ⽣ȥˣõŸΪԼδҸǣͲòúõһʦˡ
ЩļһʲôͶ
ҿˣԨھãҲÿֻҪÿ˸ʱˡ
ԨڵδͿˡ
ʱԵУΪϢ١
һ̲סϵص
˷Լ츳ŶǱ
ҶԹһЩмһˡ
Ǻǡ
µľǳԱٴԲҲͷ
޵һ˵ͷ㵱治ģ
һ飬һѣͲǰ֮ٵʱˡ
ֿۣҺķѾ޴󣬴ԼһˡȵЩޣǿҲÿе鲻һˮȫǹЩ޷ޣһŵҩһŷ׬ٲãȥѧѧ֯ʲôģǷ¸ĺ··ͨһǵѧĵ˵
ֲǰһҪѧܱԼʱˣ߿ʿܷѧʺ˺óԵʿܹ˳ġ
еĺӾô࣬ǲͬĵͳȴ֣ôһҪǳԨڵ㹻񣬼ϸֵȷͳһģҲŲء
޵һʲôģǾǻӡ
ɵӲȥء
ҿ񲻴ֻҪС̻ᵽָصܻһǧƷʯʱֻҪһ¡ȥƹѡԼҪ
ɱʮħ޾ܻðǧƷʯס
ɱʮħⲻǲ뻹ծԼǡ
⽣ĺܣýʱ򻹲ҪҵҵŽûĻش㲻ҪС̻ᱣҪܹһһЩСƷʱܶ׬һǮ˵ˣǸ̻ᣬʳסж˼ṩ֮оһʻѡҪȥɱħޣʲôʱҵǻһأ
һһǲڼּҵģʲôҵԼ۱ȸ߶ֱ治
ˡҽûȥʰͿֱɽˡ
еļҵϵһƷʯԼЩܵˮޣǶδػҪҪġ
ɽô
ôڽڣˣҲʼôҲƽ˲٣ԼεĽҲֻԼˣ⽣ҲһǴΪһܵе£͵ǸԼһˣ
ĸûбƭǮأ
ҧҧݺģҲôȥˡ
ȻȥҲûа취ʧȥǮǻزġ
šұ˸ơ
ܳʱôһĬһѯʵ
еھѧҪķˣһ;ȣͼ׵䡣һӸ׹䣬ûнڵǣǻܻ˸ˤ
ΪжˤĽ޿ɲ
ˣལ޳ŵʱ򣬳Ѿ׵ĽˣȻǻѡ۵ġȻһɵһٵģҪɱʱԼǾֻܱɱˡ
ûҵĻǿԵġ
һһĬ
һٿƷʯ·Ѷ취ȥ۰

ĺð취һֱҪܵĵӸ
ûܹ
̣ϰ߾ͺˡѾϰ߶ԷԼԺˡ
⽣鲻̫ذ
һʼʱǺи˷緶ģû뵽Ź˼ԭα¶üȲְˡ
ҪӾ͵ӣΪʲôҪҿйϣ
֮ǰҪʲô취ȥ˼ҷۣڽ˵õİ취Ȼǵˡ
ޣսȺһʮ⣬õĻѡ
ҲѰ·
ѡ˸ӣﵽ˼ҵķϵȥˣȵĿĵصˣ̾ȥ
ȻΪҲֵ˰˵ֻеġ
һʮƷʯʮ飬ﻮ㣿
ÿʱÿ̶ҪأֻҪֹһʱ͹ˣҪʱнһ˿У˵ˣвͺã򵥵ĺܣɶҲĲǳԨڵĽвķ㣬ҾͱȻ˼Уȫкˡ
вôõġ
ѧòĺáЦе˵ˣеˣʣµЩϹ߲㶼˰ɡѾһĽˣӦҪѧԼ׬Ǯծˡ
Ҿá
㲻ҪãҪҾáҪǲԸ⣬ҾȥɱĻ
ѽе㰮ɾ񱡣
·ôѡġ
һ黯Ϊһ
еʳĶѾƬķֺ
ҿ˿ʱ䣬ţúܣȲųȥó˸ԼĻŵͱʱһʱȥˡ
ѵ~~~~
˯һԴֱҵǽϡ
Ѿʿڴ
٣
һ鼤̴ܻصҵС
ιι˼Ҵ٣㼤ʲô


10 
һҵԾԾԡ
Ǯܿ죡
Ѿȫʧȥƽʱһء
Ϊв˵˰ɡ
̫ᡣ
ܹвˣɶҲɣһôĽ
ƫƫв۵ƻ
ֻҪҾͺãЩһΪѾҵӡ
˾
ȻˣŬһҲʲô¡ֻҪԼһõİҲܿѧľһ;ġ
ҲҪҼᶨҡͷܾ˹һ飬ӦƸǳӣֲǻҺúһ˼һĻ϶Ҫġ
ţ
һǺ⡣
Ȼô˵ˣȴǺܳʵĴյ˴ǰȥ
ıˣ
ǣѵֲײУҲÿĻжôסƳһһۣƵ˵˼ôҹһֱల¡ȵٵţϰԼûг԰׷ʱҪʱ˷ͷ˼ҵĹ˼˵л㣬ʵǺ޲㡣
˻ɣǴ˵Ļԭ
İ߻еûĻһʱȻм㣬һϰΪİ߻ܸԾͲҪĻʱ򣬳ϰ壬ûһ˵ĽǺõġ
ھ³
ֺ
һȻЩҵĻ־˵ĺҲмֵ
£Ϊʲô˵ǲԵĶϸϸ־úȷʵġ
ҼװϣܿͿǰ¡
ǰٵĲʮˡ
һǽڣһԲ
ݷڴٶҲˡ
Ȼ˵ִ𵤱ԪӤ繷ʵϽЩԪӤһﻹǺٵġҴֲߣֻһС̻ᣬЩĽٷҲЩСˣȻҲֻĽٷˡ
ţ˳һᣬҴĻҲˮ׼ԹһĻ
ˮ׼ٶ࣬Ҳһһ
˼ĬһֻСӣ߶ǴպģĴʱʲôӻٿ
ͷӲùûס͹һҲõλĻֻĴ㹤ˡҿٶʿѪ࣬ӦҲֻıƲҿǵĹ䶼ӦҲԣһСɳ
ֻǶѾ˽ڣҪٳΪЩɵĵӾǱˣҪʲôʱΪܹϻ񣬵̸ܹ
νĹɶģ˵ҲǸ߼ʱµʱڻʹģûʲôĺ塣
Ҫõλ͵УеʱͽȥûǴӹܹһδϣн׶ΣֻӲƴˡ
ܿܿҲͨˣмܹӵгֹıˣ
硣
ɢ츳ڣôΪɢأ
һᡣ
۹⵹Ǻá
ţѧڸ͵ֻѧ֪ʲôˮƽԼʲôˮƽҲ顣ҿɲְνӲĽޣ֪֪˰սʤ
һ
СıҸ˵ĹһֻܰԼģЩͽٷ˴һš
ǧǰǳ٣Щʿˮ׼Ȼǲöˣ齣ϺľȫûʲôҲӲӦеá
õǱǰˡ
ҵĻһ鲻Щꡣ걻ǳЦΪƤࡱķǣ񶼿ҪΪˣͳΪżߡҪֺ࣬ƽվǿʼ·硣
ôһҵҪԷ͹ˡ
ʹǧǰ֮츳Ҳټֻϧۣõ츳ȻôһֲŬļһõˡ
ЩҪˡ侲ĺ͹һʵսľ̫ˣҪЩٷ֣ھѾˡ

һҲͬҵĻ
ԼʱҴĻѾȫûϵϰҲɫһףԹԵ׼һЩٷӾ֪ʯ١
ҿϰ㻹ǻЩɣЩ˿ɲ̫а
ɱ˻ҪģٷǮ˵ҪЩĿһ
Щȫҿϰ۾ˡ
Ǯ֣ȴûнɺãҲûˡ
ٷǹЦǮƺܿ뿪ŵû˺ˡ
ֻҪǮû¸Լʲô
˭Ҳûע⣬һССĳĵĲˡ
ע⵽ˣ˭ֻΪһ۵С?
㲻ǲȥڳԺôһĻŵ٩
˵ĺȫһ
ҲǲȥڳԺڣǲмȥ˼ҵĹ˼ҹˣҲ°ˣȥҵҲû˹ˡдʣЩٷ˶ǿŵǮҪײҪɱˣΪ˭ǷôǮģ
ԭشźˣԼȥԸǡһ鱻£Щڲԡ
СǸϵȷʵѾǸĽˣѧԼԸˡ
ôͱôһ˸أ
һ̲סô뵽
ҪǽڣĽ֪Լڵ³ҪЦɡ
ҸԼһֹ͵ߣԼ͡
ӷ͵Ьӣȫһ顣
£ôܹºۼأ
ٷڿĵķߡ
Ϊ׵һͲ꣬Ӧ˵һͲɢޣʶУֻҪķԼõԴѡ
Ĵֻ٣ǶɼΣÿյջͿЩŵĵˡһٷ˺ٺЦϴ㻹̫ˣʵȫԶҪһʹ·ѡ
̰Ĳ㣬ǻ˵ġƳһۣǶɢޣûκκ̨һ߲ŲڽԼƵ·ȥ
ĶѲ֨Ͼܹĺӻǿġ
·ҿô˵ţˡˣҪһµһδ䣬һѾ򽣣һƬĿռ䣬ЩٷȫΧʵʵ
ιιһû˵꣬ôˣ
ѽҲ̫ļˡ
ֱӶˣҽ˵ʲǫ̂ʰ
Щա
һʱ˹ľĬ֮С
һЩͷĴ߶һϵĽ⡣
Ȼſ޲ɹһվǹһֻôһСС𶯣ñڽЩʿɫ԰ף˫ȷҵĽ֮³׳
ʣǴ٣ʵǿǿܱǣʵ
ţûѾҸΧˣæϻЩлꡣ
õģȻٵʱ;Ƕһʯɡ
ұϾҲʲôˣֻҪָѡ
ллأҶ֪˵ʲô
ɸҵҲһ׵ۡ


11 
̽Ǳġ
ʲôСɳһеܿصĵӡֻеɣ·ЩԴǸõġˣαװɢޣۼһΪȥҰĵɢǿʼٵҵ
̽ҲǸĴɵӣ൱ʲôʲô˲ĺܣҲΪڴһһֱ˳˳ˮֱΪҲ˲١ҷۣǰҲϸĵ顣
ǵҲûʲôĿˣǿֵС
˭뵽ȻôĽ޲أ
һ򽣣򽣵Ľ޲ϰá
˵ԪӤڵĽǲָеġܹ򣬾ˡĿǰŮӲڵΪȴӵĽСɼ⽣бԴԴѽ
ѽƷܸߣܲҲõĳʽ
仰˵ӵֵȼʿΪȽϵ£ıҲվһš
ҲʢĽֻһԨڡ
ԨڣǲǵĴڡ
ֻףԨڵĽһϲնħıΪʲô֮ǰ֣ȵڣ
֪λҪʲôʯ˵ֵܾո̽ϵúܿ죬ܹǮ鶼¶ֻҪԷʨӴ󿪿ڣܹȥ
˵ģż˴һΣҲƵѭ
ϵ֪ԷѾһסˡ
˵һٻе㱾µġ
ҲҪˣжʯɾͺá˵˸ҲϲƭˣҲϲƭҡԣûҪʵһҴʯߣҲΪǣǾܷġ
ǱȽϺʵˡ
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ǾҼɰɣͬģҪǾÿԣɹɡһҹʱǸҽ˾С΢ЦҪǾòУǾͷϡ
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κʱ򣬷鱨ȷҪ׬ǮĶࡣ
ǰҲôɣҪռ鱨ǰҪѴĹΪԨڵĵֲȱʯһֱûôɹָһҲͶˡ
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С磿⵹ǿԣȱľƯ˧Сǡ
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νһ˵õȮ졣
ڹ˾ͷɵְǲʵġ
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ֻҪϰ幻ŬԱܷΪҵڶζĿӴ˸ֽԴһϡ
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ɴ˿ɼϰ
һһһ㶵ġ
ȻҲһ˵Ļ
ô꣬ǵһ޳ܵҪ


12 
ҲнĵĻڹһĽѾȫˡ
ףΪʲôĽһŬ츳һԸΪ˸齣ĽޣֵԼʱȴôһ츳֮һǴļһ
ҪԼծҲ޲ԼȻҪԼŬøǿ
ֻ˵һ˵õȮġ
û˵ȮԼһġ
ҵǲǸʲôιϵ
ֻǽ飬ɣûа취øǿ෴ұ̫ǿΪᱻҷɡһޱ˵
ҪҲҲᱻأֻ˵Ҫ˷һ죬ҿ϶ŬˡЦе˵
Ǻǡ

һŲһĻ
Ҫ淴ˣҾҪˡ
ȻҵĲ˼ȡ󱲵ӳ˲Ͻ֮⣬Ҳʲô񼫵ļһΪ˶ʵڲֵ
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Ҫ˯˯һҺ·˯һӶС
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ŶǵΪ̫̫ͣ٣ҵͷһеĹһ˶ԷίĻ
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13 
һôĿ׾ٵľͽ˽𵤡
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𵤾תһƷΨƷ𵤲ʸ뻯񣬶ƷҲ͵ϣƷ𵤻ԪӤƽѡ
ʿԣھ𲽵ĻֻеʸƺԼΪʿҲֻеʸ̽Լ׷ѰĴˣкܶʿΪܹƷڵʱþһа취ĥԼΪ˻ܹٶȹһ
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14 
ʹ׷ٵ׷Щħ޲Ϣ
ַڷ֮õĺܹܶ࣬õĺõȴ֮١
һ鲻ȥΪʲôһὫõôˡʶԼȥʣӦҲֻǻᱻһѡ
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Ŵ򿪣洲ϵ̾ͱһֱӹűӳһţɪɪ
ħãʹӵǰǿӲȴĽһűӳ£Ȼֱӵ˵ϡ
һʮ߰ˣ㣬ϱ鲼˺ۣ־Ĺ
𡭡𡭡ıסԼֻһ۾ͷɿܵһĻ˵
ҿĹҲ󣬷ҲһӶѡ
ħһ㣬Բ̫ܳ裬ϲ̴ߡȻŮӣŮӺŮ֮Ҳͬвɲķ
ħڲɲʱ嶼µȥ֣Ů֮ʲô
ҾĿһĨĹԱħʹӵ߰ɡ
ƺȫûжֵ뷨
һҵ˲
ס
롣ʹӵͷǰ·ȽϺһ¯棬ҲһЩڣܻϲ
óλħΪܹͣԼٲҲҪʹһ
·ɡ
ǡ
ʹתȥҪΪ·
~~
ʲô˵ϡ
Щת
漴Լʧȥͷ­Ȼ¡
ԼҲõĺڰ֮С
ô֣ᱩ¶ģ㲻ǲô
ûϵһһֻҪȫˣȻͲ֪ġ


15 
ȵȣȲһ󷨽סЩˡҴӴָͳһڶ̶˲һǧӡӡƾ֣˳̵ָʾɵ˷
ǶڵģǲĳȥǱҷԼϡ
ɱȻ˭Ҳȥ
ֻܱ֤ɱ֮󲻻ϳ
Щȵ¯ŮޣǴѾĥʧȵԼ뿪ʱٸʩһʹļҲˡ
һ֮Ҳ½һС
Ͳ󷨷סԼԼӲȥ
ǹһգգۣƺЩһ⣬ѵ㻹Ŀˣȥôһˣ
ԸǸϽȥɡ
һûʶԼôʱʵ΢ġ
Ȼңôʵ¶һֺҲ̫á
ǾͿʼɡ
ʩչǳԨڵŽٽ
Ž˼лĽмУȻ󣬵ʤڽȫܹһŽóֲ˼ĽõҪֶ޴֡
ִˣȻȥѧϰʲôĽľôһֻѾɡ
лĺô
ǾֽԨ˶ᣬܱĽɶѧõֽɱǾԲͨۼҵýߵġ
ͽС
ǽػЩǰħʹɱ漴һ߿ţҲʲôΣֻſڵľ͸ߡ
Ҳûʲôȥӽˡ
ֻҪЩŮӲɵ֪Ҫôѡ
Ҷ̶Ŀ£һ鲻òɶԷǰɹܶ顣ֻƽţʱǷʵʱĿǰֶȽϲ˵£һ鲢ûóԼǿҵĻ
С
һҪõȽϸӵĽеʱ򣬾ԵЩˡ
һˡ
㽣ô츳ڣЩһͻҲþǧ֪γиʡ
Ϊģýǻġ
ͬһ׽Щ˾õĳ뻯Щ˾õĽӲ塣
ʶ޵ּѧûʲô̫Ľݾߡ
츳ڣŬԵЩ׽⡣ԸЩСǹ˵ģҪǶԸȽ˾Ͳ̫ˡ
ԪӤڵħ޴ˣ
ýѣҲ֪Է̫
ɱ䣬ֵ֮ЩħҪǵڻûзӦͱ˸һˡ
ηѣڴ˵˷
ԪӤڵħ˻δѾֱӴ˹
ס񣬵ʶǱײһ£΢Щ㱡
ҵЩ¯ŮȫʹĵڵϣƺЩܲס
ҲòӳŷֽǶ
ħר˻ķԽ֮
һ鵱ԣ˲öԸ
һƷ𵤣޻˵ǽޣǶϰ벽ԪӤǵȸȵԪӤʿҲܡʱԪӤħ޾ָȹ̵һ࣬ȻҲôһħΪԼռԴ
ͽᵤʿϵĵһЩǿˡ

סң
Źһڿնϡ

һХա
ͨȴһֵսľĸо
ҵĽڶĳŽħ޵ͷԼıĿмǸˣ󵱼ҵģѾ˽⣬˳ǳԨڵĵӣ
ԨڣԪӤħɫԾһǵİ̺ۣɫԽãõúܣϲɱģǳԨЩΪְµĽޣ
գۼѾЩħǰ
ȥΪ׵Ǹа̵ԪӤħ֮⣬ʣ½ڵħǼԼĪʮҡ
Ԩ򸽽ĹģѾƵǷ˼ˡ
һЩħǺ޲볤ԨԶԶģеѾֱӳ磬óΪ޵ĥʯ
󷨣ŪģԪӤħ޲ûΪСΪ;ӶԷܻڿɲЩΪΪԴĴ
ǵһ齣֮󣬾Խ϶ԷǳԨĳλߵ洫ӡ
һ洫ӣòн齣
һХǰСǰѽ
Ҳ˵ֻҪߣ޾ͳûϻֵһᡣ
ҾĿŶԷѾں͹һȷϡ
ҡ΢΢ף۾ȴûۿԷԵþ͸
㵲סԼܵ·ԪӤħƺϧǽ޾ΪóĽȶϵԼĺ·ԴԼĽġ
ֻǲȻȥҵѣԲ̫ˡ
ĬĬ²ۡ
ӿһӲӦô˰ɣɨһǻûжԪӤħޣҲеġ
ǰôĺôӲĵӴܰ
ȻӦˮ
ҽȺһģ˶ࡣһʶشٶǵĺüֻҪĵ㹻ãʤܴ󡣡
У̫ʱˡҺԥľܾ
ҪǺúĵʲôʱȥ
ԼЩ¯ŮޣҪһֱţЩħһɱһ𣬽ЩŮӶɱ˿ô죿
һЩꡣ
ܲҵԼʧȥļˡ
⿴̫ˡ
ǾֻӲˣ֮ҳȡ֮Żһ£ûʲôɣ
û⣬͵ݲˡҺԥĻش
Ǿͺáһ黺ӽ֮г֡
һһ㣬ɵҵ
ſʶ򣡡
ķſԼʶ
Լı齣Լһõŵʲô
ǰɣڱ鸽ʱ򣬸ое쬵ġ
͹Ӧûһġ
ûʲô
ֲǹ
ԪӤħ޵ߵСԽ̫ˡ
Ѿ˹һĳҲŮϡ
ȫܵǽڵĽԴˡ
ϣԪӤħһ֣ߵħǵұȥ
Ǻԥĵתܡ
Я黹ȻܺͽΪһ壿
ҲǳԨŵմӲеĴ
ҪǴӮˣԼҪͳԨڲݣҪˣҲΪԷé®ĵһս
㣡
ҵһθܵʲô
ͬһѽͬԼ塣
ǵ鸽֮ԼԵӽⳡսֻԡˡ
Ƕеˮƽ
ЩڵħڽУֱĴܲһһ
вҲûôġ
һ飬Ȼôǿô
Ҫ֪ڴ޲״̬
רģҵĽ
Ͽʦֵѧͻع
㿴ĲϸҾֻܷٶˡһô˵ţһЩڵӣֻܳ˾С
ҪǷٶȣͲ׼°ˡ
ҵȫעĿŶѧϰ


16 
򹤳Ͽɹ°۸ߡ
Ϊܹ׼°࣬չʾ˾˵רע˶Ѿ˶Խѧϰ֮СΪ齣ĹһҲо˶Էһǿ־
˼ǣȫעʱҲܹоڵĽڱȡ֮˶ĸ죬໥ӳһĨɫϸڴʱչֳ
ԹһĵȼǳȡʹãԪӤҲԳܣ˿ȴ
ڴ˿̣Ѿͽĵں֮ơ
Ϊ˵°ôŬΪʲôϵĵҲӦĪǣ׷Ĵеĵ°йϵ
һȻ޷ҿеĵ
ʲôǵȻȻʹһеĹɡ
ĵÿһ߶ڴĿҲ˵ǶԼ׷ĳ֡
׷ĵһ磬Ѿмˣʮˣһʱ䲢һֱȥĵ
ͶߵϢȨѪʱ䲻ϿűдɣΪϡ
ĴѵͲô
һϵշת뵽һȫµ磬¿һĵ·ô·ˣôܲ˳죿
ȻʱҲûʶԼѾһôĵ·ֻר־Թ۹һĶѡ
һʩչĽӦĹҲҵԺ
춯ɱħһʮ
ȡŲó֡
ұ޵ȡһ顣
˵⻹ǳԨʦүԨڶûĴˣҪΪ׽ʹߵҪ̫ߣôҪѧһ̬ˡֻʲ̫Ŭ˵졣
ˣǾͽС񽣡ɡ
ҿŽʹ׽ĸоԼܽ£
ԲۣȻôã
˴С
ҵ׽ô˧ôӢˬô
ˣĲҵĽˣȫҵİ
Һ޲ӰʯһӰǸУκδкۼ֤ݶȻһʲôʱͱɸױȱˡ
ԪӤħѾıˡ
ΪʲôһڵʿΪ֧Ž鸽ôãһ˵ֺĹڽ޵һŶԡԼѾû濹ˣΪʲôĵڻûкľ
ңԷǲһɱкüοɱĻᣬ涼ƫôһ硣
ι
Ϊʹôһ׽Բһֱûжɱ֡
ҪڵĶɾС
ԪӤħѾһɾ
ΪʲôƫƫôһԴӵܣ֪ԼͳԨڻ˲ԸԲطֿԡ
Ը⳼ҲԸ⽻еһУֻһԪӤħ޼һĽһбһкѾ˴롣
ޱսȺǿĿ£Ҳ֪ǰ˵˭
Լǵвġ
ˣͶ
һĽԷŻһ㡣
ħ޵Ļɲţһٸоʮƭӡ
ּǵô׼ȷѲ˻ʲô
ԺĬĬ²ۡ
״̬£ʲôҴŶ֪ġһһʵ˵
ôҲһȻԺ￪ʼִʱһЩٶ˵Ļ
㣡
һֻü˵һ֣Ȼߵʶϵ⧲ľͶˡ
ǰɣ
ôˣôһС涼Ӧôô
˵ˣһǰ˰˳Ҳһӵħʦ֣ȻôĽ
ĶǱȽϺƵĶˣǰܴϡΨǩ˺òã
ԪӤħ޼鸽ʿĶΪԼѾ˶Էæּһѻ𣬡ģ뿪֮ὫҲװԼѾɱˣԺվ¶棬ȫ
ԣһһ㶼
ħΪԼĴǺܶģӶԷȫˣֻҪԷͷ̾ܽסһԪӤħ޵ղؿɲһķ񣬶ô£ṩԴ㹻õԪӤˡ
һʱ°ˣսپɡҶԪӤħ¶һЦݣȻŹһ˵
ƭҲˣȻҪĴ
ҪҪõôڵô
ħ޹ȻĿҪ˵Ļ
Բųȥ
Ѿֲֻ֣侲ĲٿҵֱۣȻ˽
ãǡ񽣡ҲĿǰʺóһС
ʦصˡ
ҵջЩҷߵ˼רѧϰ
ʽ֪һһ
СһϿ¡
һ¡
ݣ
ҵһηԼĴЩڲ԰ףûа취ȥĽ⡣
ⱾͲĽܹ˼ȥ
Ҵ֮кͻȻĳ˵һ
־ǣ긻֮ǰȴǲϯ
󣬱һӤ֪Ρ
Ϊ
ԪӤħ޻ųڡ
Ѿû졣
ͬԪӤйƤһɿĸɱȥ
˶Ľ֡
ȵɢȥħϵΪħѾʧĸɸɾͨķһڵϣҲûκĻᡣ
֮ʱһģ;֮Σ糣һѣɢȥСɣ˽С
һͻȻòɣƺڻȥһ
ҲܸоͻȻ־޴ʧ뱯֮С
ôˣҺſѯʵ
أһҵֱӱ˳鶼Ϊһû뽣С
ңǸоƾһһ࣬æڵϢ
̫ˣҪϢһ£ʣµԼ㶨ɡһ»ָ뿪ǹɱ֮ҲѾʧӰ٣ͺ֮ǰֵһжֻĻþѡ
룬ûжʡ
ôĽ飬ٶһЩΪ֪ܡ
ֺαȥ׷ˣǽҲ²Լе⣬Ҳûϸѯʹ
ǽ޺ͽܹϵҲʲôԷġ
ҿ˿ʱ䣬̲סЦʱ俨ĸոպãÿ°ˡ
Ŷˣ컹üӸࡣ
ˣ£ǾѼӸɡ
ǿվ
Щõ¯Ůǰ΢΢ЦЦ
Ҳ֪Լڵӿжô£ϼȫЩħ޵Ѫոսսһɱǵס
Щȳ¯ŮӻŬ˷ſ־壬Ŭ¶Цݡ
Ƕ֪ЩħˣζҲѾþˡ
Щħ޵ĶҶߣҲһѻһĨȥһεļ䣬ֻĨȥǼҵļ䣬ҪôѡأһǸѡ
ģǲ˵ϢһŮ޴ŵӳ˵֮Ϊұضҵ㳥顣
ءҡҡͷĨȥǵļҲΪǺáȻɱЩħޣҲܱ֤ЩħޱǷʲôǣҲпܻ˹ΪǱĨȥǵļ䣬նһҵҲᷢʲôҲ֪֪ܵˣܹĸӳһЩ
Ǳͻļѣֺαƽһݷأ
ĿһôһΪ׵Ů޺ۿˮ飬һſŵµҪһУҪһӶ벻ҲҪٵʿˣҪϵΪͱһ书ȥ˼䵱ˣô
ԡҳ̾һ˵ͷ
ǷϵΪһˣǵ¯һҲᱻ֪ƾǵòܰһ
ʿʲô˶ġ
ֻǴᣬʵ֮˶ɳܹһмأ磬һ˻ȵһ¯ҪǿĶࡣ
лȻټǵڴˣף;ǴŮ΢΢ϹԼѡ
Ҫ
õ˾ʲôã˵費ϽһѡҲͬᱻ⡣
ǵʿǵˣɼġ
ֻʲôʱɹ׳ѣпܵõɰɡ
ҲһҲɽҲֻǿһƽ̨Ŀ˶ѡ
ʱǵþıڸ
һͷʣµŮҲѡ
ϵǣв˶ѡֻң·ȥ
ҽǵļȫĨ֮ǰ׼õ󷨳ߣ˺ĺۼ֮⣬ŽǸʾЩŮߡ
ܿͻ˹ǽߣԼҲǹˡ
»һ·ɿ뿪˴˴
ع
ȻѾ뿪һССĺԵһ㡣
ǾǽĿɲֻһҪһٳʿ
ǰŸߣžкЩʿѾط
Щۼܹ𣬵ЩۼȴǶʱ޷ɢġ
Ҫ֣͹Сʿھ̶ȡ
Ϊ˳ҿǶԸƴġ
˴˽桭˱ضǸޱȵĽޡ
ЩʬǼһƺٽ
Ԩڵˡ
Ѹٲһ⸽ĸԨڵĵڴˣȻܹһһôˣɨƽħߣĬĬȥá


17 
һҲûˡ
ĥ˵С飬ѾͿˡ
եˡ
СԺֱߺߣﻹ˵תעĻ
û취̫ˡ
ǰһҲûôۣ񶼲Լˡ
ڵĽήһȦֱǽ𶹣ﻹǽأ
˵ָѾˡʿҲ˵ܲܳôʱ䣬пֱܽѶǼٵġ
ҾȻֻɣˮֻҪúûֱָ̬ٶȣƻ¾ѾƵү˽Ůˡ
ҲԼҡ
ֽŶ첻ˡ
⸱ʵе̫ˡ
ҪǹһԼ֮ŪǸħޣƫƫΪˡ̵׽ˣһ顣
ÿĸʱƵʲôʱйôǿȵĶ
ܲԼôϧҶҲ˰ɣŪҶʲôô
ᣬֻڴϣŬԼҵתʹࡣ
ֻ֪ڵ٩һ黹Ǳʾʧȣڻ֮ˡ
ֲڱǰҲܰҵĻȥ˵ҲŸҷĶ˵Ļѽʵûʲôϲ۸ʵ˵ë˭Сʵ̫˼ˡ
ԴһԺһЩı֪Ժ󣬽鿴۹ʮֹŹ֣֪˼޵ĹȰԣԪӤ֮ǰñ֮ͯơ
ڹŰѧ͸еĽϷ˵˲һȤ
ǰ鰭£룬ʵҲܹڣżܿʹһСһըëȻķùǹһ㣬ֵ
ıʹȻ㡣
ԼҲ֪ҵĹ񱣬ԽԽ񫣬ƽʱԽĳĬԣʲôɣǲҽơ
ˡ
֮ǰǸħʹӻ˵ʲôħﻹʲôޣѹͲǱһط
νߡ
Щħޱɱ֮ݵҲϵʿǸһˣԱҲ˳
ҺòŸոջָһĵɺƣȥͽ𣬽˻ûȥͷһ͵صԼ
ĳԨڵһʮһˣҲ֪Ǹ˭
һ洫Ҳǽ𵤺ڵĵӣʵȺضֵӦþˡ
˲ͽѾƷʯ̻Ϊ¯ʿɢˣʲ乫ͽʲһ֡Ʒʯ˭ܾܾˣ˵֪µʱѾˡ
ƷʯȷûҪϣӦĲ
Ǿֻųˡ
ԨڵĵʵǿľʣµʮӾȫźŵˡ
Ͼһʼֻһ򵥵ĻѣԽӵΪȻ̫ߡ
ŵһСӳģ֮ʵߵҲڣԲǡԣֻܴŵѡˡ
Ҵչȥʱ򣬾ʹЩ˿Լ֣
ңҲŵӣ󣬻δɾͽ𵤣֮ǰȥڣ
ŶŶŶŶˣǸڽڣҵʢΪΪ̫ͷԼһѲнĵù
Ҿ˵զô죿
ǾӦòųһ
ۣװһԥĳЦ˳
ҾװĹˣںˣ˼ųľһȷ𰸡
̫ˣ֤ǰѡȷġҲŲὫһһССĳЦϡ
ҲӲ֤ˣ̫С磬̫Сʿھ̶ˡ
ǿԪӤڵħޣһСܣȻôʿϸҪ˵ʵǿҲͰˣؼЩ˵ʵҲ
׷ľ֮ͻƵˬаɡ
ȻԱʾԼֺ֧ء
ʱȻұųˣ»ǻһʱһʵʵģҪֳʲôӡȻһֺƵ鳶ϹĻֻҪԱһ¾ܷҵĴڡһۣҷǵûһЩ֮ܶģԽ϶ԼҪӹͷźá
ȵ֮ЩΪпͬǣٶս͵Ϯ֮Ҿ͸ӼᶨԼ뷨
ǳԨڵ⣬һӳֻ˿϶һʺƵĻⲻҪ˹ġ
ֻһɿСŮ޿ôùЩѪļһأ
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Ʒʯ
Լܿȴ죡
ãǲԼѪǮϰãƾɶ
ȵȵȡ
ôһʯҲܻ¡ԼˣȹһǿһԼٸͷĹͽǮȴˡ
ƷʯҪռ١ôʯ㹻ǰõĲǮˡһҲѾʯɰ֮һκԪӤħսҸо޺õĽһˣҪҸõĲϡȻٴһΣܻϵ
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ôʯ޲һŴһμܣ͸˵Ҫϵ
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ҿ֮ǰȡЩħ޵ĴôʯԴҹӦù޲һõĽˣҲҪܴ϶ʮμܵ֡
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ЩʯҳԺּ겻ֹ㲹һνֻܴʮμܣ
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Ҫȡˣ֤һܱ⽣ܹ⡣Ժܾȸ
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ǳԨھĲɶѡ
ħˣǵĿ̶̿ȶҪܡ
ˣҪһӲˡ
޵ͳҫ治ܹᣬҪԼԭ
Ҫ޵ţӾͲ̫ࡣȻҶ֪ħ˺Ϊʲôô˵ħޣΪǮɵʱ仹ô
ȫ޷֤ڱԵӣʺҡ
תƻ⣬ħǱߵջҪ߳ɡ
ܿ۱֢סңƾʲô߳ɣ
ɱġ
ʬġ
ǽޣǽ飬޵ĶӦڽġ
˵Ӧڽ޵ģҲҵģֵ۲ԣҪһġ
ǿΪұǿ
ô֪ǿ²éޣҪȥɱɡ
ֳɡ
ɽҪȰ֮ǰǷǮŲٷ֣ϰ嶼֪һҪֺ
Һ͹һ˶ʱû֮ǰصĻ꣬Ҳپһɰˡ
ֱġ
ڻǮȥ޲ɣ֮ǰõĽջһߴٵ
ʱڸҵʱ;ýǺܺã˳֣һΪòϻõԵʡҷ˵ҲǧƷʯָһƻܹһЩĲϵġ
ĵرͱˣһǰʯ𲽣ܹġ
ʲôãǷծûл꣬ڻȥôǮڸ߱ЩħɱģҪʲôϣҸ㲹ˣҼֱʾǮҪڵϡ
ѣǽֲϰһٴ򼸸ӡһ»Ҳˡ
ֻҪ׼ȷҲԡ
ⲻô򵥵顣
һԣĵ
žžžĴ
ǰձģַҲûд¶ҲãΪʲôʧܣҾòܣƽʱڼ￴Ƶѧ˵ʱĲȻ˵жôóԣڵģֳɱ־һ
Ϊʲôֵʱô
Ƿ󷨡ҩѧûᣬţҲ˵ԽĽָΪʲôֵȫУ
ΪҪġÿһѽɫһÿһѽҪ鶼Ҫ뽣޳ʱϴĥһ΢СļʳɹַͻǶԵģ㲻˽ҡ
ҷ˽㡣
Ǿĵҵĵϡ
Լɹˣҵı齣Ȼ˵ϣ
Ѿ˵Ը񲻺ʲô𣿲˼ҽ黹飬ֹϵǲҪˣȻǲģֻܴպϹ
һ뵽ԼһӶҪһĴˣһܾ˵뷨
ҺõĶŲϡһѹѹǣԼЦ
֮ǰһ£ҪһҲܳɹԺ²ҪƽҲûʲôĶ־ˡ
ҺãҺ
ˣȺúϢһ°ˡ
װ˷һʱ䣬ȻӦǿϢһ죡
ˣִù飬ϰˡ
һ񽣣ѾָĲˡһ
˧ģ׽һġҵͷ
Ǿ͡
˵ɡʰһԼЦе˵Ǻò׳ˣǮ֮ǰõԼڶôһ֮ƣ϶Ҫȥһ˰ʡǮǲܷƵģԽ׬Խ࣬ҪúһԼ̫ˡ
ѵô
ҪͣҲҰɡ
Ҹϣ㿴ʲôֻҪ۸ʶţԺȥҸʦ㲹ӡҵĻžҲʵˡ
СһԥĴӦӦõı꣬ǮӦõģ
һȫûʶһ㡣
ǾǱĽܣɲҪꡣ

֣ʲôʱȤġ
ûʲôԱҪȤֻԼˡֻȽȱΪʿùڳֻ谭ԼУ˿ĶٵĿΪ˴ҹѾƵѺõķʽˡ
ҴŹһȻʿԷɵмˡ
̫Ʃʲôģö϶࣬ĵطڿȥģԻƷʯֵĵطˡ
ôҲô꣬Ͳܷһƣмϼ©ôҶŽ˵öƷʯһϰļƷʲôģҲʶơ
ֹ²Żˬа
ֻʶͽйصĶһĬһ˵Ѿڽڣ˯꣬ǸʱϡƽģŵҲϡ䣬֮ˡ
ôָһ˯֪ļһ©أ
Ҳ
ҲԼɵˣٴҲֻǽ飬ֻܵɲĵָð
ʵҪĸĻʲôáһҲ֪Ҳ̫ԣһĲҲûã׷һԼ۱ҲǿԵġ
ҪͶȡɵġ
ʿǺױԵģҪߵͲв̤
ִ츳ǲܺúöţͺ츳ȻˡҲǹΪʲôôŵ˺ԽԽƽӹҪԭ
Ϊ㹻ڣܵջҲԽ
ףȵȡ
ôоƵǰ˵Ļȥˣ
ӹ
һǴ
ֻܿԼˡô˵ţתͷ߽˳̡
һ飺Ů˵ĻȻǲŵġ
ⲻ׹ôþûˣϴοϵǿȹҺò׼еɫţһֱûһΪҪרȥˡ̵ϰˣ˹ûûк
ϰ￴ԼĪʮ꣬۽Ѿ˵·ΪҲңȫ޵ˡ
㣬ô᲻ɫŵȹҶˣϴοȫΣҰҳ¶һЦˬĹ
ôࣿϰĿ˿ңȻ֪ԷǳԨڵŵӣҲô󷽵ʱ
ֿ˿ŵѱȻʲôŵ
ǰ齣ˡ
׹ѽŲװ
۹⣬ҵıһش
ҪڵɣҺٿ޴ԼıĴƵġϰ첻ѡ
Խ˵ǰ˭ὫԼŵܰ
ЦЦû˵
ȻΪϰ
Ҳصĵ˵Ǹоֵֹġ
Ҹо֡
ö˶˵ģԼһѽﻹסһ顣
ʿֲǲֿ⣬ôණʲô
ĶˣϹ˿͵ķϣһҸۣһǧʮƷʯٸĨͷǧٿͳɡϰｫװжĴ˹
һԵĴҲ˵ĺܣȫ԰͡
ˬĸˡ
ˣ㣬ҪһЩĲϣʶ㣬֪ȫԼ۱ô˶Ҳûȥ㣬ǿʼ̽Ϣ
㻹Ƿ˱ʲơϰЦǰɴЩҪųԨڵĵƣһ治ǽޡ
㵽жôѧһ㽣ԴԼðô
Ҳ١治ɫĲ
Ҫ˵ҲĲɣ֮ǰУ򲻵õģҼ۸񻹸󡣡ϰգգۣҲûôӣӦûǵ彣ڰɡ
϶ôǵãڻش
彣ھǳڳԨһɣҲʵǵѪùˣӴ֮һֱͱԨںݺݵѹһͷǰ뿪ˣֱӽŰˣͳԨһһ۲Ϊ
ھٰʦҪѡһЩʦءϵЩõĲ϶ˣҪĻһʱǲˡ
ڸ¢ϣ
ɶ彣̫ƴˡ
Ҫã
Ҫꡣ
갡ʵʱҲա
̫ˣ鵤ӤˡһôҲϵ꣬ѵô
Ҳûа취ҾҲûɶʱʿ˵ĲʲôҲˣҸûʦ츳
ǾȥһһкܶʯѡšǳԨڣ϶彣ҪĺõĶࡣ
˼ǣȥ׷ְְּhr۾ǡ̫ˣ
ȥŷϢ
ʲôϢ
ȻǾˣֱ׳˵ΪڽǣΪͷ­ѪѵӦøôһƵµСһʾô޶˾ëΪʲôҪҵǮ
ˣԲΪ˾ʡǮ


18 
Ԩڣá
ԣҪľһͳϽ˵ʱԴŵȥŵ̻ȡ⣬ͬʦˮƽĽҲǲһģܹ彣ھٰⳡ׸֮ǰծ񲻵ˣһݵ齣άޣ
·˶Իϵɫ֣ء
Աߵļʦֵѵü·̲࣬סԱ߶˼䣬ʲôܹծͰάް
ǲþΪǮƷ治飬˭ҲʹԲܻ˵λܸߣطŹ׳ľѸңңɽͷż˶ÿͿġ
彣Ǳ߾ٰһʦҪʦΪá·򵥵Ľȥ˵һ顣
彣Ϊ϶ǱųԨġԨڵĲ˳彣ҲҪһǣרע޲齣ʦ̫ˣԨҲǻ˺ܶʱŽø彣Ҫ߽ݾɴֱǮˡ
ʦҲһܺõҵֻҪǮ࣬ЩʦҲǲרע
彣ھȻǮֲʦô˵ˣһҪ˸ջöǿԱŵļʦֵǵͬ˵
ȥʦ˵ȥ
ֻҪǸʦܹ彣ڵǽǣǲĿˣ
һСѣǳ𣡡
Ǻ·ϵĳʦֵܣ˽ҵ·ѯʵʦ֣Ҹоʮֿذ֮ǰĽҲԲġ
ѶҲˡ
·ĴѶɲʲô˶õģö洫Ӷûء
Ľǿ·˼Ƭ̵Ȼ֪ΪʲôһֱĬĬţһѶϽȴһֿƿصĸо
ôô
ֱ֪ѡ·ʵҲ⣬ûдϿôΪֵĸоȴȷӻҪǿ
ңƺҲ͵͵עҡ
ȻҴʢ˴ҿеĵù·ҪԶһЩ
ʢѵʲô˶ܿô
ǣôң²һˡ
˵һε彣ܹһʲôĿԴˡ
ѾɹͲôһңĽѶ
ֻҪܹյʦسԨڣܹȥծ񻹲òĽ齣޲һҪһǮģܹ߹˾ˣǾνˣ϶ڱΧڵĶ䡣
ҺóԨֻһ㡣
Ҫ˶ˣ³ԨھҪ벻ˡ
̾һô꣬ѿ϶ġ˷Щɵϣ͸ҲǮٶȿĻҲǾȥµ̻Ǯˣٺ٣֪ж٣Ǯ϶С
Ҹп⣬ԼǮҵ˱;̫ˡ
㻹ӦȥЩʦɡһԱ߼ʱҴ﻽ѡֻûһƲ飬ûпʼؾæǮˣ
ΪҲУСһֻĻ˼ʡ
һ漰ֹѱ飬ϰʱԵûˣȻҲǻᵽ°࣬״򲻶ԼĻ˵ǮûҪٲŹҲ˵ҲֻõԺʡ
񽣡ѾҺܶˣǶԷĴ޼ҳֻ󽫽ȫһ飬׷ڽͻƣûд㽫׽Լĵںϡ
һŭ䲻
ء
ɶںϵģ׽Ѿôǿˣ׾õġԼ֪Լĵʲôôܹȥںأ
ңѾǿˣȥҪ鵤ӤˡִУǵȵҪʱٷŰɡ
ҴŹһĴתƣǻǮһŽʦ뺯ȻǿԱġ
彣ڿǻ˴ҿۼĻ᳡̲סһ̾
Ƥ彣ġҹУ²ŵ볤ԨѾһξˡ
˳һᣬԨڸľѵһҲѾˣһİƷʯǧƷʯһƷʯһиֵҩʺʦõĹɣ֤ܹȫλĸʦṩŵů
ҶЩˡ
Ȼʲô˲ŶֵǮġ
Ҫչֳ츳ܵõĸࡣ
ʱġǸԽ࣬ҪߵҲԽࡣڻļǮʦʱʦȥ˲ҪչֳĲҲԽࡣѾԺÿ춼Ҫ޷ϢıδˡҡҡͷԼľء
Ľ
Ľ˼ҵĹʺҲӰֲͻֱ׳
ô
һ˼һ£ȷϽûеȷѡÿŮӶһĻƽǶҪħҲˡ
Թһ˻ĺܶࡣ
ôҲǸˣǷ޴ޱȵĻ᳡ǲۡ
˵Ǹ᳡˵һСʲôĶУˣ˶źһ⡣ȻˣĻǴ۶ʦھչʾԼĲŻ
һ͵ʦپҵͶг
ûй˾ûʽͬûбƵʦ̫ˣһ֮
ֻҪԨڻҪңҾͲˡ
ʦСɨһ۳ϵЩŪԼˮƽʦǣĮ
㲻ҪòЩԱȡΪһЩˮƽԡ
ǰǸɫ·ˮƽӦòҸоľԪʦܹõǰе֮һҲǸ˵·С
ľԪ
Ǻö
ôĽԴ˶˵
ֻ漫ΪټΪرò඼ǰʿȡˣ˱رҰľԪˡܹõˣҪôرţƵ濿ɽҪô츳رų谮·ΪʳڲӵֻġǰҲˡ
Ǿ͸йߵˡ
λѣڶ̶ʱ֮󣬺ԥľͳ嵽ʼڨˡ
һ飺ôçô
ʹסк£תòɫǰһ
ѽЩֵڵʿ֮ò
տصҪ˼ҳúãҲҪӡ֡
˵ʦǵһҪһʦֲʶˣ˳ڣףһͲͨˡǲǴΣ¶һ޺ЦͱͲҲ㿡֮лӤʣӵĴ޺ÿ޶ڼƯСԵռˡ
˵ǲǸޡ
ǵȻɡĻû˵꣬ͻȻϵپ;һ𣬾ͺͻȻʲôݺҧһһĿڣԲ𣬹ҵͬ鲻ҺͬСҪʦĻȥһŮޡĻһδضǰ֮С
˵꣬꼱ææľˣͺ񱳺ʲô׷һ
ղŷʲô飬ǲжֲɵ۲ɺˣǰ̬ȱô죬϶Ƿʲô顣
һֻصĺܺõޣҧһشӦԼϢ츳Ҳǿ֮ŷֲԡ޹ҲҵϢԲųҧˡ
ˣһҵһҵ¡ҵ۾䣬¶һƻЦҲҪģ룬ҺûС
ӷǮһҲ֪ΪΣܾһֲĸо
ģҲ
ôһֻ㹻ƲˣһֻĻ򹤵ġ
ֺһǴŮȥҿˣȻҪæαװһ£Ҫһԡ
һһû̴Ӧ
ʲôԥģֲ㡣ұԥ˵ˡ
Ļԥҡ

С֪֮ͦĻ
Ҳƭˡ
û˵ƭˣװˡǸûиˣһÿȥѡҿ۵ʦˡǿݼʱˣ˹ǷһСšüɫӣҲ˵ί

ںͼ־ͬϵʦһ۵
ڼѧٶ֪ʶҲֻǿ¥󣬻ҪȵʦԲͬطʦܵõõĴ𰸡
ѣŵѣǶﰡˡһʦææܹϻǷ֮ɫҳӣ
彣ھٰʦô˵ҳӣһʦɻ󲻽ʵ
ԷƺǳԨڵˡ

ȷˣǶǲġ
Ԩں彣ڵĶԹǱɽ߱Ⱥ˵ϸġ
ôֵģǴôֲ´ʦѯʵܹµĳԨڵӣһرܴİɡ
ûУǸŮ˵Լܵģɽ·Զһʱزȥţû취ҲõʦԲȴպһĽ˵ʦɫԽĺڣȥЩʦõǰѽͲ֪ôˡ㶼֪Ů˵Ȼ֣Ŀˡⲻҳʲô
ʲôô̲ס档ԨڵĲҲ˵ֻصأǳԨڵĵҲ̤룬οʦҪ˵һҵʦߣ϶˵ʲôĶС˵ߣǲĪ
ǰѽҿǳǶϽǲõ˽Ľ޺á⽣ֳȱڣŮϣܹ޸ȱڡ
ⲻǺܼ򵥵ôһʦʵ
Ų򵥣Щʦˡǰѽ޲ļãôһȱڣѵһˡһʦˮƽң޲õȱ̾ͻ²ȱ޷ںһ𡣡
ǸŮ޻˵ˣܹ޲ãͰæԷ벹ãΪǳԨڵĵӣ

ϵʦⷬŵը
˭֪ԨǵĲøʦһָĴڡŮӾȻ˵԰æˡ
Ů޻ڳ˺ܶ൤ҩ˵˭ܰ޺ãͽЩ͸˭
⻰һ˵꣬ЩʦǵɢܿæȥҳԨǸŮȥˡܴ
Ҳź棬Ŵȥ
ҲҪֳ֪ô󶯾ǰѽǸʲô
һûа취ҵԻ·
˵ҪӹôΪʲôֿʼߵһڳôһ˵ģЩʦô
ڽ鿴ҪӮЩʦģӦҪܵأṩҪĶշġȫǱۣ·Լڽǵģҳӵġ
ҶԴȴдʡ
㲻ʦҲֻһְҵЩͷԵʲô˵ˣԨֵĸߵһ˼һΪƭӡó˭֪飬Ҫ۹ҲûУʦˮƽٸߣɾҲޡ
ô˵ԼҲǼ׷ְ֣϶ҪȻʱȥһصƷеģ󻹲ҪԼ鷳
ڸߵʲôġ
ȻߵΪ׼򣬿˭óԨڸľôأ⻹ֻǵһԺ󻹻еڶǰԽ˳ԼܹԵĻؿۣԣӦ˵ǶȷΧڵɾҲԽࡣ
Ҵ㣬۳еǮʣǮҲʮˡ
ֹӰѣѾǰٱˣ
ҪǳԨһֱôǮӰһνһΣ鵤ӤȥҲǲġ


19 
彣פʦء
ʲôԨڵĵܹˣ
ãҵȵľǣ
һΣóԨЩһúÿڹȥֻ˵úÿ˭ĵһɣ

ңе졣
ˣȥǡ彣ڵĵװľͳڵķȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ԩڡ
˲پѣ˵㾭Ѷһ˵ҲֻһСǮȲƽָǵʹ͡ʾѵĲҵĻ˵ˡ
ϾŮӲһͳΪʢˣһͳΪԼҪµ洫ӡ
ȻԼһѲнεȻ˲齣ڣļ¼ûҵѲнɼǰҲδػʲôʳڵĵӡ
εȻҲͺӵˣֻЩùˡ
ܿ죬õ·ȻΪĲн޲뾭ѣֵȶˡ
ȻĽһʱų·һ򽣣˶ó˵Ҳʲôˣǣ·Ҳ˿·صһֱر׼һ㲹õĺܶ˶
ٸӣ·볤ԨµʱӦǵߣǰͷʱΪָԵֱӱ̭䵽˺棬˳ƾͳ˵һȵѡɽͷʱ򣬰겻ͽĲѵóɽ³һֻãֻӾ·ģֱΪ״ӡ
ʣ·ȲεȻİͽӣǱˣ·ӾԶԶѷɫˡ
ңζӱȽ⡣
ϸ󣬷ӻͦб¡
ſˣÿһζܿмλãһҲûʧ֡
ÿҲĸʱݶÿ껹Լʱʱķż٣һҲǲ֮ʱɻǱеˮƽˮ׼
ٳȥ񣬵ÿһνӵ϶ܿʱɣڱѵʱȴԶǱġ
һνӵԪӤڵħ޺һѽڵ£һĽڽ˶ӡȻĿǰ֪˭ģҲڿɷΧ֮ڡ
ȥ彣ڵĵ̡
εȻôҲһţܲ롣
ϱضйŹ֣Ҫٲ֮ǰĵϸźá
ڣǿԿⳡʦܹʲôķͷ
˿̵һ߰ڳǳԨµһȷ˶û޽̬Ժȴں͹һ²ۡ
˺ˣװò޲ҷϵҲǴòϣҲۡ
ʵмĻպϡҲۣһ鶼һˡ
ʵмʦˮƽģֻǱҼ֣ʵҲʵĲŻᱻΪѡѡ
㲻˵ԸﶼжMһ棬ԽѵսԽҪԡ
ңǸŮʦ֮ǰǸ궼ûгء
ȫŵ㡣
ⳡ꣬궼ʲô⡣
ңⳡԽԽ󣬺ܶʦѾʶڱʽʼ֮ǰͳĴûᣬֺ˸ˡ
ȻĲʦǣͬ彣ڵˡ
á
ѽ彣ڵˣкϷˡ
һҪȥ޲Ѳнء
꣬С㣬ǿɶǲ𡣡

ϵĹ̾͸彣ڵ˿ٳһ·϶ðź⡣
ɼϲ£Ƿ˻ʿӲ
彣ڵô࣬¶սģ̫ߵˡһЩĵĿңҪսңҪǲѡ
ʲôǿɲҶңڿǴԨġԺش
˿š
λʦþǳԨڵӰɡ˵һСģĽޣҲǽ𵤳ڵΪҲûʲô
Ϊ׵ĵһԪӤڵĽޣȻмѹСʶֵı˵
ŵңλʦʦ㡣һòͬΪڣҲһ顣ȻϵĹҪĶǻ೶ͷŹɶġ
ϧڴˡ
һƽߡ
ùͨģ֡
ԭʦá֮ǰ˵ĵӹŹֵЦЦҲŵӣճ㼸꣬㻽һʦ־ˡ
׻˵˽ĵˡ
Ԩڵ洫ЩŵЩɫģǶ֪ûһҵġ
ʦִô֪ҹڴˣҳųô΢ЦʵãҲλʦʦ֤ҵı齣޲ãҴžֻܺƤȥˡ彣ڵⳡʦ˲żüã϶ܹҵʵ޲˵ġ
ҽһֱչʾ˳
ѽƽƽ档
ǹһԸ԰԰ڣܸ̾ߴ֮ǰӦҪװǽϾֻʣһЩˣֻǿѽĽϲ޲ֶθɶ칤ģûʲôرˡ
ıʦһҵĿ̾ͱ
ͨȱˣڳԨڻĶ಻ð
һ鿴ЩĿ⣬ҪǲҪҸƭˡ
ȣܶ
彣ڵ˲֪˵ʲô
ԭҪֱսҵģҲ֪֪ﵽ彣ڵĵ̵ģݲ˼ҵıƳӣҪʱȫʤ֮䣬ܻ彣ԶٵĻ
ˡ
˭õ
Ԩڵĵܵ£ʹôһƽ
ˣǽӦ˵ʲô
ҿһҲΣֻҪΣεȻǱˡ
Ȼ֪Լߵᱻɳͷ򣬿ǴɱСɸҪֻҪԼһõӰڳ˭Ҷ۸СͷߣﱾΪ޲齣˵ĹȥѾεռ˵Ƹߵ㣬ôܻ䣿
ְϵӲǺڵġ
Щ˰̫ᣬթְռȻĸַʵ֮ежôҪ
ʾǿʾ
ȻҲֵܱ̫ˣȻǶŵˡҪǴͷǰ͵ûȥ׼һ¼ҹȥˡ
λʦʦӦöⳡʮϤƼʦ޲Σһ̨£ұԶǾôȥ·Ͽ¶Σա
ҰڳһǵļȻŲԣͲõļλʦǵǴĲܹң֮ǰ˵ıضֻҪλʦʦ㲻Ҷ̫٣ϵΣҴϳȥͺá彣ڼҴҵ⣬Ϊұ˵ĿɾͲˡãȴҲ۹ġ
⻰˵ʵ̲ġ
رá
彣ڵĽɫˣܾ˵ĻкܴĲԣֲ֪ﲻԣ
Ǳһøߺøߵñӣñˡ
Ůޣб
Ԩڣʵ̫޳ˡ
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ԿȺѾſãۼ彣ڵ˼λŮ޵Ķ֣˳Ĭ
ͬΪŮӣһЩԡ
ҳ¶һϵ΢Ц
˰ΣҲֻͬһ˿΢Ц
ԭΪ˵Щ⵹ʧĸɸɾ
ŮЦ˸ɾӦòһˡ
С֮ǰϧҧҲҪҸϽ뿪һޣҿϵĽҲǺôô£Զľ¥ϣ
ͫ¸ôԶҲĿ淢顣
ԭӦҪ۲ͺڨŮ޵ģΪԼݱ¶ˡСȴһ̬ҧһڣòû뿪ⶾ
С˵Ů޴ŵĽǿҵ˽飬򲻹Ҿúܺ£Ȱ뿪
ʵûпѽжôǿ
ҳôʦ彣ڵЩǶûзѽ
С츳⣬ϹѪǲƭġ
Ҳ˵ɸɾɰȴ쳣ݵŮޣ²ʲôһˡ
Ԩڣôһô
ʲô˵ǸܹóϵûһţôǿĽ飬ӦûڳԨڣĳɡ
˼ٿ
λ㷼ʵ֮ǰע⵽λƯĴˡ

ŮӼ˶öġ
ҪԼܹôһİõĵһƿˡûǲҪôÿҪѷɫһС̫ÿױֵֹ˶ϡ
ֻҪ׬ǮȥͲͬС̸뱻ֵС׷ܡ
ȨҪԼУȻԽƯ˾ԽӰ׬Ǯٶȡ
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΢΢˸˵ķ
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Сһ㿴ûУҾˣҾҪջȥԺҪ޲ˣٺ٣ôÿʦˡ
ƤҲֻǺհ׹ǣʱ䲻һһȫŮжôÿŮ޲齣ıǿǿ
ǰŮ彣ڵԪӤ۾һһαţûǲҪڱʼ֮ǰȶ֣˵ƽ
޷ҡ
У彣ھٰıһҪƽԪӤ޺ԥĴĻ
ɲԨڵĵӶϡ
ҪǱʦ֪ƤӵóԨڵ˹ʦҪȵģ
ʦòҪްѽ彣òҪȻҪƽǾ͹ƽ㣬һܣ˭Ӯ˭˵㣡
׼һԼְڻ֮ʱ֮ͻȻѽ
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һưһǲ˼ĵͷﻹڲסȰʦ֣͵͵
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ʦã£彣ڵĵ̣Ҳһҵʵʦ޺ѽҪ޲ҾͻزáҲԪӤڽޣ洫ӡ
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ҵЦݽϡ
⵽ѣҪ׬ӰѺô


20 
ԶҲ֪ѵһ
ԺﱾѾ˸Σ彣ڵҪ֣Ҫñİ취ڲ˵ҧ¶Էһ⣬ҲܾճʱԼٻſһޣ̾һԼΪѾƣкܴĿǲᱻ׷εġ
û뵽ǣҵĲǱˣԼͬ¡
ˡ
ΣյԶͬı̣ͬ黹ʶԼİ컵µʱɱӲһǿ
洫֮һ㣬Ȼ֪
ʵϣ洫ӷֱ˭ŶʲôԸҶһ͵ԼСľʲôϵ֮У˲ͳ˰칫ڶڻҡڳԨڴҶھȻҲϵҪǾԼٸ߰ģ൱֮áǰЩβ඼ǰˡ
û뵽ЩξȻʱּˣ
㣬˽˳ơӴ
һģʵȴһһļһʽΪ洫֮ǰѾ޴ն
已̥ܹ֮־𳬹һʮնģĽȵʽ磬ԭҪȥŰʦģ֮°˳Ԩڡ֮Ϊһ޴ڽڣ֮ȡǧӴһõĻ顣
Ľܹɽģ
˽²ȫͳƣӴ洫֮ӦҲܴġԱߵǸȳƻǸһŵΪ洫ӣҲ൱ſصġҲ˵ҴǱ˳չˡ
콵ѣֱ˾
ʦ֣ˣ彣ڵ˲ûΪҡһͼҪҡɹϵļӰѣ˿һˣ;սһ쵼صļһʱˣǽ𲻵÷һһ룿
ԣ
ҵľӦҵġ
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ȿȣʦ֣Ҳô˵Ȼʵⶼ˽µ顣ϳɵ֮⻹ЩطʦЩͲʺ˵ˡ
Χ۵ʦ۾˸ȼյİ֮𣬺޲ǵܴ
˵ѵдҪԴͲ٣ȻţҪԴȴһģǶѹѹ磿ҲգҲѴࡣʦҪ޽ǵܲޣ׼˵ַ꣬飬ԱĿɿڴңʵʦãһȥŰɣҺͲõļʦϵҲ˵ܸۡ
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ԨھǼǺãǺǣνɣ
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ԶԶԣҵĽҪ޽㣬鷳ˡ˵ӣҵ˳̨ˡ
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ѿı飬԰ολʦãĪһᾡġĴǵúվһ𡣡
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Ҫǣ
Ǻýޡ
ʦͲùϵǳ˵ԺҲܽȥӡҵֺ̬˲١˭òǽ޵Ĳүծأ
˵һССԪӤڣŶøӡ
ʱԼ·Һ֪Щԣ֮ǰǱʮͿˣع·ȫǹһԼȥģûɶϵ
ҿˣʱĲֻϢȡһƺЩ⣬ֻ̲һ˿ϣ̹޲ˡȻ˵ңõҲһ㣬ôǸҲȫˣܴպϹá
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ΪԼڻˮϰ࣬˵Ѿı˴˲õӡ
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ǧѷ
ƾķĻȻǶ㲻˾ϵ

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ǲܵģֻҪ˲ãҪٳˡ
ǰֻʵϰʵϰ֮תת֮ڣϲôʦڣ̶̼Ͳѧûᡣ˵Ҫϼʮ꼸ʱܳžǸʱ򣬾ߣߡҶгûɱģҲжԣֻҪ˴ȥʣµľǲõʦԼˡ
ңǰͻиʦ
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ԨڹȻҰģǾҳӵġ
޹彣ڿǽٰ˺üʦԨڵĲöʦഫΪǻὫԼĶžһôһ彣ڵĵԱȰ˵
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㣬㵱Ϊ彣ô彣ڵλԪӤڽҲѾ̲סˡ
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彣ڣɡ
û˵С䡣
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Цкβң
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Ԩں彣ڵĵֳôò
ɫһӰҲЩҡҡ׹
뵽һᱻʲôӣʱ򣬾游ҲδҲܱס
ɣѡһ
СҲǹʦõģϾҲǾȹ㡣Ӿ˫ʾԼ޹Ԩڶð˺ˣ˵ʦȹģֻҪԼ˭ҲܶǣСҪǲһסţòǺܿϵ¯ʣ游δرסϾ游жŮ
Ԩڻ彣ڣǴΪģ¯ʰҲۣҲֻôһȺս뺷Ľ޲ܾˡ
ϧڻûʶԼĴ
ΪЩѪϵܹá
Ц
ѵЩŮĸĸô
ҸҪ֪λ׹ĽжֽƵŬ΢Цϣܾƺʲôһ
ΪֻнڣĽЩʲôأ
һѹǿĽһǿĽɲʲô¡
Уɺ˵ĶѾе˰Ƚ׶Ρ
һһ͵ĽڿըվڵҲܸܵϿմľ޴
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޵ѣǻ߰ɣǿɶǲ𡣡ԱѾȰ˵ˡ
ߣ˵еᡣ
У㲻ߡԺûа취ճģ彣ھԲǵ޹ŮӸǳеεˡ彣ڵĵǶ˵
޽㣬ġЦݣߵߣ֮СһɵĽΪôһʦ֣Ժ糹õĴţҲΪ㳨෴ˣʱ򴫳ȥľͲ֪ʲôˣˣЩϲΪǸ⣬Щš
ֳһЩϺõϾ
ҲǣҲǡ
㶫޹彣ҲС彣ڵĵЦһͳһӾ֪װ
ЩרΪһεʦ޵ģȫϺõϡֻҪ޹彣ڣҪʲôûУ
üһͿʼˣ
ĥ
ֻдܵĽޣȻôľأ
¸Ӳˡ
أأһûбھЩáﾭĳ棿ʲôû˼ҵĶⲢԸ񡣶ңɵĶעֻһ
ȻƫڳԨڵģ游彣ڵĹϵãȻҲרμһεʦˡ
Ϊѡ
ҳûȽμ֮پ˵ٶҲ˾
Ͷһмɫ
ˣһ鲻̫
ȻǣֻڱƵ̫зãҾѲ㣬ܺô彣ڵƴȷŷšʦҲֻһʦٹһߣͻߵġ
ֻܹԼ뷨˲ĸ綼ʱǴڵġ
Ȼֻж̶һ̸ҿǵ͵ֻԥԥհǰ˺͡ڱֻ̫ʵ䷴˺һܹм
֮ǰ˵һҪȥ
û취ҴǿŮġʼشˣȻǵ¶һ
һȻǴӦ
ʱȷһߣֻܽĿԱߵϡ
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ҵʻ˵ʦӦҲ֪֮ǰиԪӤħ޵ĳѨһ˵ɣƷʯĽ졣
֪֮ǰҲӵ񣬺Ҿûȥˡ˵ϹҶ˵ʦأ
ʦ߿ˡ֮ǰһЩħ޵ʬ壬ٽһû̶ȡ˵ǸԪӤħȫʧˣʱ緲һ㣬նȥȫͽֱ˼λֵˣϳ˼㽣ҳԨڵĵӣضǶǮеЩŵӡҲ֪ûлԺλͬǰúýһ½ĻᣬҴ޺ˡ
ʦûлشҵ⡣ҲȻԼ
ȻƤˡ
ЩһӶ̫ӡ
ȻϣԾвΪġԣһֱڱͬħ׷ɱЦҿ֧ãûа취ֻʦųʦǡþ⸽Ծ͹ˡҺڣܻЩħޡ
Һҵʱۼĸɾ
Ұ˿
һЩ顣
Ҳ֪Ǹħô򰡡
ҾѾǿˣиǿʱûа취ãΪܲסһһ뽣ˣǲıģҪΪ޲ûһŭ֮½嵽éȥ

һЩãȻǴѧЩأ
ֻҪһؼ䣬ӦþͿ˰ɡ
뵽һֿһۣȫûнϵλļҵĽ޿ȥ
˻ǲ֮ҲУе̫ˣȻúãûҵԼĵֻǽõúöѣûĽԼĶ
ûʲôÿġ
㹻ǿĻһ˾Ϳҽ˰ڵϴ˭Ҳֹ㡣һƻʱˣҪȥһΣ
ǵ͵ĳӲ
һҲһƢ
ԣʱ䵽ˡҵ˵ȹһˣ˵ôѾʮСʱˡвˣӰҲôۡʰʰ°ˡ
ٶȽϵĶȫպã׼ų롣
֮ǰһСԺӣ˴һӵĲ˰棬͵Žҹ쿪ʤ֮ȥءȻûԤڵĿ꣬Ǹ֣Ѿ˵ķҪԵġ
ʦãȥʵ
Ѿ°ʦ֡Դǵ˵ѾҪҹˣҿǴһʱҲ꣬ϰʱټ˵ɣʦ֡

ȵȡ
˵
ѵʦǳԨǸÿֻĸʱŵӱԶмΣʮûһܹλǰС˭٣Ǯ˭Ǹŵ֮ܣĻԾֱž˵˳˵֮̾ͱս죬һǸεĿҡ
ʵҲܹ
Լüŵ֮һ֮ѡΪ洫ӵġԭôһڣŵǸŬȡҲѡΪ洫ӵġû뵽ǣΪ洫֮֮оͽôһ⡣
ŵڼʱ̲ס̸һ
ôŬߣһ͵ʮ꣬ƫƫÿһαԵʱܿм䣬ҪϳȥСһűΪȵҹҾֱȨˡ
ֱ˷
ĳȻˡ
νѶҶھʱÿ˶ֻᷴ˼ǲԼŬһָ쵼Ҳûа취֮󣬲Ľֻ֡ҪôĽҪôޱȵ
źܹ볤ԨŵˣûֻԵġ
ǣҶҵӡͲ̫ˣʮֵĲΪӰ쵽Щŵĵӣʱžûˡ
˵ҵ¼ƫƫûмˡ
û취һ°ȫ˵ļһҪҵҲѡ
ң֮Уûʲôúõѡ
ͬͬ£ѣֵĸ
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ֱҵġ°֪ۡԼˡ
һĴЦҪҪҰѵһ£
ʲôýѵģ˼û˵ҼȻôˣͲ˼˵ңЩ˵ҵˣҪѧңѧ֮Լ˲ֻܽĽڶ֮¶ѡҸС·ϡ
˵˵£ٿզأ
ҪƤûа취ܾӰ࣬ûа취ܾλΡ
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ʦãǸҡ
û£˵ĶԣǸ˾ҡļЦȻ֪˭ˣǾͲýˣȻȥ˯һʲôԵôҿԸһݡ
أʦҪǶĻбٹȵ
ҩ˭ҪԣҲ㷭ۣٹȵ˼أػóԣٹȵһҩ裬ǲµ֣ԺɶҲˣޱȶĵļҩһ
˭˭ɵ
ȵȣ㲻ߡ彣ڵȻ֪׷ʲô飬Ҳ֪׷뿪
´һʼΪŮ޶ʦֻںϴأҪƨɾߣôõ飿
Ҫ°ࣿҲɵüͷϵɱ˲
һ𵤳ڡ
彣ڵĵӻûнҷϣΪߣôһƽûĽĽޣΪǡ
СüĿģƫƫͰ·խˡ
ﶼֹ°డ
һѾ亦ʼΪĽ޿
УԷų˼ֽ
ԭõĽһ˲ͱù⻪Ŀ
彣ڵе彣ԾĲ
ԶӣҲȵĿŲԼСѾ˳˳˫۾һĿңǰѽ
Ǿϲ
ˣѽѽ
ǷƷ
սŹһĽԺѾֳ˹һ֮ǰɱԪӤħ޵ʱʹһ׾񽣡
֮һǧ
Ǽ彣ڵĵӻûüν
ֻһ޵ӰһѼͨĽһԿһĻ
˭Ҳֹ°࣡


21 
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ҵɱûôع
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ЧӰ඼ǴӡһӸࡱ˼Ӹôˡ֮Ļʼġ
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˵ӰࡱѾΪҵħ
һҲڶյദ֮ʶһϵִ֮Ѿѧ˱졣
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ϧǣ彣ڵײϡ
ЩӵΪʵ㲻ֻǺԴϵһƷ𵤱Եòǿˡ
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Ҳڴˡ
ȷÿֻĸʱĽȴÿʱÿ̶
ԼûʶҲѾϰȥӦ
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彣ڵЩֻоԼײһ޴ĸɽûüѾɽѹô
Ůһ£ҲĽѹ
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ҪˣϵĽ˲ͷֻѣסе·
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ǽıʹģҲӦ˼żŶԡԨǷôôһĵӲ֪úһƽҡУ
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ǶҸˡ
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ôңµ淢ʲô飬ҲûϾĿˡ
׹ĽǽޣҲܿҵ֮ܿѽĲͬ
Ҫ֪Ļȥáҳ¶һڰҿŶ
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Ѿɵˡ
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ԭ˵Ķġ
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˵ˣڴҶͲϵһѾȱϲõӡˡȻҲҪչʾһʵñΪڳõĴƭˡ
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ܺãԭ
һԼǼʶˡ
ԭһΪ˲Ŭǿҳôڵģ
ҪҽڵĹȥŬϴܵ˶ùҽСǰߡʦ㡣

һĬĬ̾Ϣһ
ҸղһõĻɣЦеʵõʱ򣬾͸оԼȵһڱһͷˬβһóġҾ֪һõĺá
պϡһ鲻Ҫ̫ˣܶ͸á
ţ칤ʱͶҿ϶ش
һֵһˡ
㡭ǲǸղýʱ˵ӣеˣһСѯʵΪӰħӰǣûϵһ֪һЩĵĿھҿԽ㡣
ιι˵ˣϰʱɫ裬ֻǲùѣҲὫԼĹáǰǾ׽ûɶãڵģֻղһ£оʺҵģҾÿһ
಻ѹ
ѧҲҪŵıϡ
˻ҪԼ·ġ
ҲûôɡһƵ˵
ǿɲһңҿ־ͻܾ㡣˫ֽ棬ڳ˾ܾơ
һҪȥͻȻǸϴľԪ޵Сˡ
˳̧ͷȥԶǸӲһѻ¡
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˶ѣ˼һųһĨ⣬ݺݵĴһҵʶ
ˮҪˡ
ǷˣԼޣ裬һɫ
һʶҸĽ飬Ųҵ뷨֮˽֮ҪƯСƯʲôֻ˵ӦҲĵķһƯĽ飬Ҳõ㡣
ô֪ҲƯ
ٶûС
ұÿ
û˵ȥ
ԭΪ˲ŻͨţԭнҲ᣿
һǺҲֵһҿ˲ɫӣ֪ÿҲһ㡣
Ĵ˧磬϶һŮŮ˵ģ˧籾̸ûԹҲܡ
һ飬ⷽ滹˵
׵ѽղõĽҲǽҾޡҼôĽޣѾرһӳЦʮᣬҽܣڵ¡
磬ǺǷƴһպյĴ硣
磬Ŵ඼޵ġ
ڣһɡ
Ҵ׶ԷǸý鶼ȵôˡ
ѹˡҹЦʲô飬˵ЩˣһѶԼһģ
´ŻûˣҲûбôСܾ
Ц£ˬĺҽ˴ѶĻشȷɫʱͲ׵Ϣˣġ
лˬĺǣҲû˼
ղŲǻܸ˼ôһһ㣬Ȼһ֪صģһʿͻȻ֮ǰǻæܣھڨ϶ģ˵ǼҸղŵĽ̫Իԣ̽ʵ
ôûױķ˸ۣûױûôƯС磬ԺҲºӡġ
ˮܽġ
ⶼʲôֱзԣʮֵԺɱȥ˵ҵĽ鰡ڰ˵ÿֻҪ͸޴ùϵˣ޽ԼҲܸŽһкܶë׿ѡϧ֪ôһŵʱѾǽڵˣȻҪܹҲǺõġ
ź
Ųеʥذ
˭᲻ϲëأ
ë׻ܱ㣬ҪŬܴ
֮£һһ㡣
Ҳٸʦˡһľ̾Ѿҵʹˡ
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˭ûмѡλˣ
һûǰ;ģֻᱻѹե
ۣôԱҵĸ
¾ôҷɿ뿪ԭأһֱЦݡ
СȻ˵ĶԣǻӦ뿪絽ͬ翴Ǹ֮⣬Ǿʵˣʵ¡¸пѣ֮ǰ츳δѾıˡ
˵δǿԱıģ츳ֻṩһԶѣ׼ȷ
㲻ˣ㲻ʱһԵδ㹻࿪ɱˡת뿪ҵĻҲԴȥ֮ǰᵽǸؾˣǲ̫ܴ򣬵Ҹܴıݻ
ޣбڻﳬֵˡ
ҪԴϡ٣ԸȽֱǸѰؾֵεĻ顣
أĿСҲˡ
һصԼǮԺϵĲ󷨵ļӳ֮Ծڡ
Լһˮݽţ˳ζȣСƣûٿֱҪ賿ʱϴϢ
ϴһʱܾˡ
ȫûκι˼ɵİҹ
ճֻ
ǰҲϲִԽС˵ÿ춼ú֣ΪʲôЩԽߴôľͽǽֻһ㣬ͻ˳Ĵۡ
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֪ԺͲõ˻ˣܲƳֻ
Ǹ뷨ʱȼţԺлʱúõһ¡
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ȻʿֻҪϢһʱУǱһЩϱӵϰߣҪ˯һʱ㣬˻ûдء

ڵĳͣڹһĶߴ֮ʱĽʱȥ¡
ڴѶѾ˵λãֻȥԷˡ
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ҲףüëѾǶԳƵˣΪʲôҪһҲǵһôĿһױԽԽǲԼ۾⣿
ΪʲôҸоĨһѷ˪ԭķɫ۾ôҲԭ۾
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ͱΪԼˣ㿴׵ġ͹һô࣬϶ףԼĿںʲôɫ϶˵Ǻɫ
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ĻױƷģƤκ˺ͬʱǿԵǻƷáҩȽƵҩġ
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ǰܶŮޣǶױġ
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ɼ˽ޣҲǶٶôġ
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ţơ
ôʱ䱣ͬһǾȻҲۣ
ǹƻٴ¡¿һ˵޵ʿĽľǿԽԽÿһޱǽʦûˣǽƴҲٴϼ¡
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Сһ£˰ɡµͷԼڣԺȰ˵
£Ưϲġ
СȻȥϲĶϴβǺϲźƤôˡ

ڿȰ˵Լ޳ﲻ֪е顣
һ鲻ˬһ

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ٿôԴѾԼĽģ
ֱһһˡ
ҿԨڲǺ⣬ҲǺⰡ
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СԵˣӣ˳Ҫһӱ޳Եġ˵ҪǵһΪҲǿԻεġ
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ʿĵǵޣҲǺޣȴʵʵĳ׵һѡ
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Щ޶ģϲּ޳ڡ
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ңΪ츳̫ںˣֻڴʺͨ档
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׹Ѿ壬ĿҵСżȻһؾĿǰû㹻İǰȥԭǴȥԨѰҰֵģû뵽ǰ㡣
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һͺ鷳
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ˣҶؾûκȤֱӾܾؾǸЩ׼ģõһʵļӰѻûüأھȥͨ붼üֵؾϸô
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׹ȱæžܾؾ֮ٵĲС˵ǳԨڵĴʦӦһ档
һʼĿĵؾǳԨڡ
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ǽޣûвģϾһý޵ͳ󣬶Խ˵ˡ
Ǻǡ
˲ô
һѣɲĵȼܳƵŲأ


22 
˵ؾ֮ԭΪܹҼ飬ȴȱȱҲȤģ
ѲɣԼղ˵̫Сûô
׹ģҲǽޣǴʦҾԲҪֻҪһ𱣻ССĽ֣СҲϲ㡣СͷСıܿȥ
ǵı£Ҫһ߲ͬѣѵ±뱣֤ԷС֮᲻ġͨѾ֣СӵһѪҾ츳ģȻͻΪͨ롣ܹͨδջʿʵֻ̫еһԣɻǰ̵ҪѰôһܡ
²Ҷġ
ǰСͬеʱҲмߣֻǵǴԷʱСֳ¿ģȫǶԷɱ˶롢ߴͨˣֻ;ȵȵĳ
ǣҲһֱ
Ψڿҵʱ·ԼСʲôҲ
ȻʲôҲûпСҲûвԷϵĵ⡣
룬ѾôһСúµĽ飬ѽ̶ȱС˵Ҳ١ԷѾıӵͨ룬Ҫʿۺ׷ɱˡ
ҶԷǳԨڵʿΪպڽڣһʵʵ̫ټˡ
ܹȥǸؾú̽Ѱһˡ
УȥҾܾҲûԺתЩơ
ۿžͿˣԼļӰҲѾ֣ôһأ㹻ӻġ
˵ˣؾⶫǸЩľ׼ġ
һССĽڣǲҪȥˡ
˵ˣȥˣõȻأ
Ȼż֮½Ϊ洫ӣ
Ц˺òá
ҪôĻʱȥǰʢˡ
׹ճʲô㲻ȥ·ӦæĿڣΪβȥ׹ŵǴʦ㲻뽫ûô
밡ҪҰ֪ͨŰɡʵڲУǸȥģӴƷǺܹصġҲ֪ڵʲôǵϵС̫֩ױ첻ǣ
ĶսսС΢
Ʒʵȴסˡ
ô룬һõģǺܾбɫġ
㻰˵ô˵˵ĻǸóԷˡҺѵ
ȻɹǷǿԼġ
ôһӺò˿ɲ˷ˣ˷ѿɳܡ
ΪĿһۣ׹ﲻÿȳ԰ɣ˵㡣
õġҲͶԷʼá
ûƭˣͨѾѪϢȶҿӦҪȥؾѰĳֶͨȶȻôȥֻС֩ҪһĿʧ䣬츳ޣ˶ⶣǴġ
ҲûȤܹõϵĶؾöΣգԺشôеȴЩΪ˲ңⲻǳģǳġȻһǷֿΪʹۿۣ˵ûǿôһܷĺǺˡ
ʲô̸ʱ򶼲Ҫ飬ֱӿͺˡ
˼ҷʵǿڱõĴ˾ңһС˾ҪôҪˣҪôҪͶʵͼչȨˡĴҪӼС˾ġ
㵹ǲױƭ
û취ǰԹıǽһɫζȫﻹôױִŵĬĬ²ۣƯƯ̫ˡҵ쵼ôֻῪģһѰģôеҾóԲˡ
һеĬ
ζͬʱҲЩע⵽˹һ쳣
СһǺҪȥؾô
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ϵô죬ĺȥˡҶ˶٣һɡ
һû뵽һô
Ҳԣǲôαװô궼ûʲô˷Ĵڣ
ҽƣҲʧˡһͻȻ˵
ʧ乣ô?
Ҿˡ
ʧ乣ԽŮûϣҵĽˡ
ԿԣͷȻҪѪ
룬ҵļӦҵĽٶʧȥˣֻǵԼǹһǵԼѧżһ䣬ǰһϵġ׷ʲô飬ôĽڣѾһ㶼벻ˡ
ԹһŻôҪȥ޲ԼĽ
ϧһԭϼѾܹ޲ĽҲֻǿãָ䡣
˵ؾܻǰ˵룬ܹõĻ᲻Լܹһأ
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һҲú֡
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ȻӰᣬΪ˸βĻһˡ
һ˵ǱȹۻҪܵĴˡ
Ҫǹ۽ҽԺҪһعȥļ䣬ҾϰҲҪ뵽ȥҼġ
ȻȥȥɣʱµҪԼúŬˡѾԵĲˡ
֮ǰ˵Ҳеȥ̫Σˣʵǿһʱ鵤Ӥ
ن¡ҶѾþˣԷôôĥĥģȻٶ˵ҵʱǮʹӦˡСһ˵ǰͷȻȥҶҲҵõһˡҲпҵҲ벻ʲôԼҪ׼
ллһ˿ĻҪ˵˵Ҳֻôֶѡ
֪ҵԸԸȥⳡУΪѾˡ
ȻǵĹϵҪܺܶ࣬ľٶùһܵ˾Υů
ҳ궫˲죬Ȼһ˫۾ô¿˹
׹￴ǴҼ˵ˡºԺ˵
ûʲô˵ңȻѾȥˣ̸⽫ԼĵƸй¶
·ЩĿңҪ֪׹㲻ȥؾԭ򡣡
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Ц㲻ңɵĿ£ǲֱϳԨھˣһѽ޵ء
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С翴ƯĳЩĲá

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СƺǱŵˣСĴµҵǰſš
׹ʵҼֱӵˡЦˣŲԭǶֻƽʱαװˣΪԼĲء
ЩɵĶ
ʵһֱĽǽޣֻҪרͺãܲ׾ʲôҲȥ롣ڣʲôҪġµĿȻ
ޣҪʼ²۹ˡ

̸ʱҪǲ쵼˾Է¡ѱǾζһεĺĹϵûеλ
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Ϊ˶֪޿ԴܳΪǵĵ£ǰڵʱŻ۾գҲգĻش޻ĸ׶ʱǾҪʼĸ޲Ӫȡ¸õı
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ȵ֮ʲͿԼõһȻǸ츳к̨˸ˣûҪĲŻӡû㹻Դû㹻Ҳױʿ
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һЩʿҲֻ֪ǲ˵ˡ
ҼҵСġȻ츳ҵʦԼѪöôֵõңϹһ̥ĸޣһرõֻ̡Ǹ̸ճҲżһ棬ڶμʱѾΪʦӵԼˡ
СµĲϣ˶ԼĽš
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Сûлһֻֻ̣˳һ£ġæġҿͷϵ亹ˡ
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ãֳɾͺáҲôĵˣ˵СܹδĻܿô
ǰҲǱȽϳԵģѾǿıˡ
СġЦЦ̫ǿˣǿġΪǣ浽̫ˣ׷ɡ׹ϵĽԺɾͷͬСɣܿ
Щʧ䣬Ҳˣֶ׼ȷҼţҪĲãӰˣҲ죬Щţ
Ҳգɣ˵һ˵ʱĹءҺܿڳһ˵ԺҪúءļ
˵
һؾеԴҪƽ֣ҪĻǿۼ۶һ
ԡ¾ܲˣԭǴȥǸҩʲôҲҪġ
ڶÿֻĸʱʱĻǾļǮÿҶһʱİ࣬ҪʮƷʯļӰѡʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ʮƷʯʵҲࡣһĬĬ˵
ҲžǮࡣ
洫˵һٷôǮ
Ӱѣ֣ҵ˼һֻĸʱİ࣬ʣµİ˸ʱأ
ȻϢˡˣСҽ飬պĸˣԴһ齫ˣոպáüɫ˵ҶþûдˣÿԽ˶ȸ٣ؾĻ羰ӦòǿԶ࿴
Ĳȥȼٵġ
еҪסˣأ
оǣǵʱ϶ҪװİģҪڻңؾؽ֮󣬲һϢй¶ȥɫҲϲҲϣ˻ע⵽ңֻҪƽӹͨĹһȻصҵĳԨڣһŵӣһŹ£ԺңڣõƣҲȥ˼ƴô
ˡ
Ȼ͵ģ
±ʾԼǼʶˡ
ʣµĻʳסзҪṩ˵Ҫʲô˵Ļǵǰ˵һ£ͨͨұ˻ǮҪǺĺãԺǻһκġ
С¾ãһĸʱĹʱе㲻Ӧ
˭ʿȥؾʱֶأ
һҲãСĿǰҲȵ
Ǿɣȥˡվҵȥҵͬˣһܺһȥ
ˣǸؾ
ڸڵ硣»شЩ֣ƺмűսһǰ׼ǵļ֤ʱһôѶǰ֪ͨ׹㡣
СôϵҲûʲôõĵġ
ˣ׾Ǵˡ
ôûʲôӡ󡣡
㶼ʧˣôܻӡ󣿡²۵ˣھȥǲʡĵͬŰɡ
֮ӦҪˡһ˵ȥؾ֮ǰҪùС
ȻһؾΣգʱôأ
ҵɫѿ
СһǴ¡㿴ھȥؾ뻹мµʱ䣬ȫ԰ҵġ
ô㣿
ܼ򵥰ѵ䡣㿴֮ǰ㲻ܹңҵʹýôֻҪңϵĻԺԼӦҵҲסôһ׽ʱȻܽ񽣷õĳ뻯ˡԽ˵ԽǾ취һá
ԼǿԼֲ̫Ŭ
Сһˡ
ʱʶԱĴɨɨܶһԼʶأ
һˡ
ҾԼе̫ˣ̫ã̫ǻõģʼɵġ

СһôҵǲǺܺãû˼Сõɣ϶ģɰ͵
һÿҪѪˡ
˼Ͳܷô
ÿô͵ʲôʱܱǿ
һԼ֮󣬸оԽԽϽˡ
ҼᶨƣҵĿܹȵģ壬°࣬ϰܹ㻮ˮȻܹǰݣȻϵƺ̳Ժֵң


23 
߳¥ϵɺ㻹ڴ
ϵΧȺڣȥЩ֮⣬϶ѾߵĲˡ
ȥȥģûɶ˼ؼǻ
Ⱥ֮п˿֮̽²֪ѾǰȥýޣƺҲҪȥǾͺһ뿪ˡ
ԼѾˡ
û뵽һ𺳾Ȼô
ʦļԱǱȽϵġ
㡭ڳԨΪûҾȥʱ챻εЩ彣ڵĵѾæ˹
ǴԺһֱҵĳ֣ȵˡ
䲻ֻҪ֪ͬΪˮƽҲɢɢ˵һҲĸʱΪοôǿʣΪڳԨӵ
ڽ˵ϲ⼸ɾ͵ڱ̡
ΪһҪҿ⼸ˣƺԼûе⣬ƽķʵ
⡭ı£ȻӦñԨڿأġһʻĵҲû뵽ᱻҷʣشĶЩͰ͡
ұˣˣҵΪͻô
ſأԴȻܱøǿ彣ڵȻĻشȻΪʲôҪŬţΪֻڴܻȡԴ
øǿһôҼʵ
øǿܷ
һɡҡҡͷøǿ˾һܷô˵ܹ˾һǿôôǽܴз˶Ӧǽ޲ŶԡʵϣǧûսĵʳޣҲ֮ˡ
ɴûгϹǿ˲ܷ
һֻһֱ֮ƾ֤
ôĴڶɽʿѵǲǿô֮УҲֻô˲ӵзĻᡣ
㣬ɹĿԴžͺһ˰ҵ׸ĿһɡϾһﻹСأİ㣬ܼʻҪ͡
Сʱ򣬶ٶͯҪΪ׸ͳŵأϵ˳УͻܿһѧͲˡ
ʵôпᡣ
ҿȫȫһ˵ļܷС¼
ҷ֮Ҳδؾܹʵָˡ
ǰŸԴݡע֮ҲҪΪŷⷢȣϵķԼһ໥ȡĹ̡
ҴûнŵԼļңǵ˹˾
ĸԺӵİһԼ־Ʃھʹ߻ʲôģοأ
ҶѾôˣԼҪܹĻͺˣʱܾòˣֱɢΪعؾУҪԶԶĻȥ
ԼҲӦþᷳˡ
Ϊͳͬ޵ͳϾǿǸ彣ڵһӰæǻ
һɣҿǧķ¼ЩδضͬǿЩΪǿķˡҡҡͷȻѡ񵱽ޣôŬ߲ŬԼ飬ҲǰռŵԴҪҴﵽҲﵽˣôʣµľͿԼ־ˡҲԸҹʱ֮ʲôô
áҲûʲô⡣
彣ڵЩˣҪǻûֲƵˡ
ǽŬжΪԼֻǵ񡣡һ彣ڵĵð˳ǲŬΪ䡣
ԪӤڣҲгڵΪǿǳڣҲлڵʿҸǿԶֻ׷ǿĻûֹġҵЦ˳ʲôξʲôʱ飬ڲʮ꣬ڵΪӦѾȲǿ˰ɡ
Ϊܷﶼ˵ǲˡ
彣ڵЩƿԡ
񲻹˵ʲôԷԭⲻĽ
ǣбϾԼ¡ҲʲôƤģ˵˵ȥһס
ҲԼİԼͷϵķѵʦʦõͷϣͷϴôŶԣӦôûע
彣ڵ˲ˣΪʲôڻֳϡ
ҹݵûȥ̫ʱûȥעߵͬʦֵܽǴʲôʲôûѾɹȥ֮⣬ʲôĶʣô
ҲǲǸˡ
ΪʲôΪзһж
бΪԼɣܹϲţܹأһڵô
ΪУһеϲŭ֣ѪԷһӶ갮ĽҲܱѹΪҪնȥġħ
ܶСʮʱѾУǻʲôʲôеʱ򣬾Ѿư͵·
лѡô
ǽ޵ӣ˵Ļ
ᣬֻͬѡ˾һԭҵ£ÿ֮һʱ䶼СϢұȨÿҪ˯Է֮һʱǡʣµĸʱҪȥ׷ԼҪʵڲ⣬ͽڶҵĵİɡ
ģ
ĻǺˡĵķֶҵķһҲûʲôԵġҲΪ⡣
彣ڵ˼
û˵ȥ
˵档
Ϊ
ǰҲгԹȥͱ˵Լ뷨ǴҶ˵е뾭ѵҪԼ˼䵽˵Դȥɱкͷѵöˡ
ҵһЩдʷϵ˼Ƕôΰˡ
̫ˡ
ı˼롣
ȻܸıˣǾֻԼˡ
ǰˣǵú˵ǵȥᣬҪ뿪ҹҲֻҪȷһѣȻɣҲûκ塣
׵ѣԺԵټٴͽһ
ͽ̲ҵֻҪȥҵͺˣϲ͵ϣܹҪҵ˵ȥôҳûԼҪ
ԡ
ǾͺáһǺЩ˵ƷģȻҲûûһй¶ȥһһɡ
ʱǲȥġ
ˬ뿪ֻ彣ڵһıӰѡ
ҹӴŶͣټˡ
ѾһһҹûзֳʤٴȥҲ
ȵʱ򣬲ŷ˶ҪܵûӰˡ
ԼĴѶϵϣȷûʲô֮󣬴Ϣһ¾ͼ׷ȥ
ǼʱôûȥһӣԼʦܻԭϢ̲סüʵ
ʦ֣ҪҪȥһµģ
ģһ£ʱĵʱԼԶûжء
ǣ֮ǰǸԨڵʦãѾڶˡ彣ڵĵӼ򵥵ĽҵĻ˵һ顣
ûнҵй¶ȥֻǺԼʦ˵˵ӦòΥŵ
ߺҲһ£ǳȥ֮ûʲôİˡ
˼˼ңǡɫӵĿԼЩСʦǣǲҪ˼ҵ˵ˣǳԨڵıǵ
彣ڵǺܻᵹһңҾʦ˵ûдôŵ˱ʦôЩʦǣô˵ĻǶԵġ
ҿǷҪҴһ
ʹ˭˭ЦҵĵǴ
֮ǰ˵ĻҲôֵһѵͬҵĻ
еġҺߺ̫һˣϱǧַԽ࣬ԽֻǼ򵥵ĽԼʧܹڲŬҲЩ͵ˡ
͵һû뵽һָ͵һ졣
ǡ̲ס˸ۣͬͬһֹ˽ȿ˽˵Ǹ˾һŬֻΪʺѡ˵츳клҲóĺͲóģòóǸ˻ϼʱȥֻҪһʱɵĹ͵ʲôأ
ڹ˾һͬʸϲҪȥѾϰ˵ĹǽƸˡ쵼Ը⻨ʱȥԱɻǼ˵仰ĹȥɣϻҪ˵㡰˶ѧ㶫ԼĽˣϾΪ͵ͷѡ
Ϊ˸۸ʹ
ô򵥶ѡ
˵Ķԡһ˼һ£ȷˡ
һ˺ʹһ˲ʹ㲻ʹǸǿΪܹõɣǻὫǸʹȥ
ʱʵ˾ôױ۸ġ
ֻǺܶʱصԼôһ˵ŷԼںܶʱʵҲ͵뷨ȴĺˡ
һֵˡ
ǰоĶãֻԼҽڡ
һˣŷеֿ͸˺ܶϹһ
ܶʱȷֻһСѡ
Ĳʲôתô
ʲôĴܣתôһأ
һã벻ʲô
ԼôĿľôͺˡʱˣҲϰˡҸط׾񽣰ɡ
ϾҪؾˣϰʱ仹ҪһЧʲС
ã
һûôԼҪԲˡҲĿֻ֣еȵԼһȫļ֮֮ˡ
̫ˡ
ҾȻĵһ죡
ֻҪԺÿ춼һֻĸʱҲ޷


24 
Ԩڡ
ϢѾ˲ãǡеڸҲὫһͬӻ
ĲǴ£ǹҵϢ
˸ڱչصĳȥԼĴѶҵúõѯһơ
ʦ֣ǰҳʱľʦþңĺǿֻ̫͵ѡԸ⣬ΪԺͷʦһϸ¡ԭǴչسһΪģû뵽ͻȻӵĴѶȻǹʦõģ֯һ㣬Ŭں˵ҵ顣
ʦһֱô
ڰŵӶҪġƾʵĺ񶼲ʦֵˮƽˣʦȻرŬǸһ˿ˡ
ֻҪ֮ͲٸɻˣԲŻڸѡ
ҲҶҲװװƭһƭˣû뷨Ҳûа취
ԭˡеˡ
֮ǰһͬǸħħһ˵Ӧþˡ
ǰѽҲûô򵥡
Ҫһ㣬˵Ҳôùôõˣôڣǰʢǲľѡ
ǣĻ÷ʢô
ʦܣʦҪβŻԸչԼȫʵôܾҲӦóЩ˵ƫӦûĸɲŶԡ
ʦ֣ˣܵġʤܸںһεʤܹϵܼܲŵӡװһӵ£ǰͺ˵ʲôʤ˱ҳ£ֻҪڹؼʱ򲻵ӾͿˡʲôԱֻҪܹؾУһ㶼˷ʲôġ
ҪǳԼᶨ㶼Ҹˡ
ðɣȵȣõ˸ѶϢ˺ͳƵ磬ó˲õѶ
·ѶһͷֱԱݣô
ǡæͷ
ԭʦĺͲõ·ϵǳ
ǰѽĺ·ʦ޲ô̲סʱʦʦûа취޲ѽ̫ˣһ޹ҲҪѧϰһա
Ҳûа취޲ˡ·Ļ
ţ
ʲô˼
·ʦ˵ûа취޲ҵĽˡ
·ôܻûа취޲һѲнأ˵Ϊǰѽʵ̫ˣ޲ˡǿýӣҲ񰡡
˵һôýİɣǰѽ顣·˵˵úҵ˵
еɵۡ
·ʦⷴӦе󰡡
Ȼ֪·ߵʲô
·Լ˲ԡ
һѲнΪʧʢ֮ԼġǲҲ·ʦ֮ǰȥڣݼʢĽǰʢĽѾ˳˯
ʢķԲ֮ڣ˵ǲнˡ
һѽӰҲޡ

ķ΢е㲻һ
ȻĽͷβһ飬ӰʯԼĳɵļ¼ʱĶҲ¼;г˴Ҳͣ
ȵȫһ֮ŹһһۿԼӰʯĸطˣĸطˣʱΪ˸ܵӦҪʲôűȽϺʵȵȣʵ޾ϸҪһʷˡ
⵽
СѧľһνܸܵĻǾٴǧΡ԰ҾƺϵĲԣܰҪʲôܸܵⰡ
ⶫӦòҪɡ
ȻҪֱ׳Ļشȵ֪׽ÿһģҲ֪ҪβʹףѣҪЧʵĻȻҪҳһȷ·Ǵǧ֮ٳɹųٷ˷ʱˣûѡҾԲҪַ
ʲô
һ鲻Ǻܶ
𡣾һСһǧ˵˵õĲΪҴ־֪һΪ̾ʱ֮⣬Խо˵Բԣ
ԡ
һСꡯֺһвడǽоȫһôģѯʵ
ȡģҲ֪һʵʵ˵
ȡˮƽҲʲô춯ɱħٽ֮ġ
ôȡã
˼ʱ·һʵڲ֪ȡ˾ʹһЩõĴﻹͦģԾˡ
ȡйŵİ취
Ҿ˵⽣еֺͽȫһȼ
һ

һеôģ˵ʹһеʱʲô
ǵˣʲôҲû롣һܾЩ顣
ǽ̵һΪʲôѧýоĴˣ
ðɣһС
Ҽǵãһ²˵һеʱɱһħ֮ġǸħ޺ó˫һоΪ˿˫ںħ޶Ĺóģ֮͸Ͻˡ
˫ĽôԱ˸׼Ժһʱõš
Ҿôһһеĺ͹һ齫һ׽ͷβһ顣
°ʱԭڤһҵʱ䣬ὣ׽ȫһ顣
һΣñȵһǿֹ
һ˵ǧ˰ٱǲЧġ
һЩκѵǽ޵ˣҲûаķѾǰʵǺЧġ
ôȫһˣ
ȻΪǲʱ䵱ʱ䰡ҷ˸ۣԹһֻöԷе׳գʿܻǧ꣬иӳĵرԳԣƽʱûб֣ǵȫǵȻôȥЧʣֻҪô򵥰
ȫһ
ˣҽеˣ֮ǰ︽ɽиȪȻҾȥ޵ܵȪǱȥݡչһ壬õʱƣ͡
ȪԴ廹ãҪܹϼ󣬼ӵҩҺȥá
Уˡҵǲ飬ܹʯģ¶˭Ǯأ
ҴŹһܿ͵Ȫص㡣
ʿǶСȪûɶȤȪҲֻһͨׯ˼ҡһǶһһ㷲ӣɹȪµʹȨ
Ϣ˵֮ٳ¡
۲һܣȪҲһ֮أ㹻һˡ
¶ȲȸĵӦܹ졣ҴӴָͳȭͷС
񵰻ʿµء
һҪʮƷʯ
ܾȸһºüҲûеζ˵ҳһţķ㣬൱ܻӭˣߣ۸Ҳ²ȥ
ǰҲֻһ³һΣõµĽȥ񵰣ڲ۹һŵֻҪһƷʯһһٶڴء
ֲʿǮ
һ񵰾ܱʮ
ȻСһҪҪҲȥݣĽȪӦòİɡе㵣ĵĴ˴
ᡣһش
ȪӦܹоȶȰɡ
Ӧÿ԰ɣҲȷڽڣôˣﻹܼǵԼȪ᲻ио
ȵȣʲôһͻȻͰθΪʲôҪ·
費·ģҾͺܳѵȪһ·ȥһ·Ҳ˵ĺòá
ʿԲѣЩǷ£һܱˡһشһʱеͽӴǻҪ´·
ģʱûпͻᱻ㿳˵ģҪǵʵģ򲻹ĻҴ·ʲôϵһ£˵ˣ˷󷨣˵ˣһֻӬɲ
Сһ弸ҪȪˮںһЩҳȥţ˵
Сһ㶼ҵˣ㻹¿ҳĬһ˵
ףҲе
ǶֵĻӦסġҼ˵
˵Ҳûд
ԣʲô
һ¾Բˡ
ааɡҲúˣͲСƺͦ顣ǽɻôϲеĽ黹ŮĽ飬ҺܿģϲʲôС
ˮȪһ̾Ϣ
ҪмƯСһȪҰĦͺˡ̲ס룬Ƥ׵ˮ۵ģһȪƤͷ۷ۺ֣ɰ
ҪŬ׬Ǯȡ࿴ͬС硣
ʿãŮնϳȫԲӣ˫޵ĻҲܸȡ軥Ϊ˵ʲôŮͼкӽǲ԰֮ۡô˵ˣᱻŮ޸
һûٶҵĻ֮ʷʲô
ȥû濴ҡ
ҲܹоȪˮ°ɡ
ԲŻеȡ


25 
ҵһȪ֮ûǹĺܿĵġ
ʱؾȥȡսĳ뻯ʱ֮ȪԳʳٿ˼³һЩС˵ʵ˻ܺͽȲ軭٣ӹǽһ⡣
Ž
ҶеԼ̫ˡ
Ҫôĵˡ
һǰ漸λܱץõȥȪʱÿ쵽ȪʱѾܵûӰˡԼĻ˵ΪؾŬһصĽ顣
Ҳֻȥˡ
ô˿һ£ߵϢˡ
Ѷ˵ͬ飬ӦҲؾһͬУΪ˵һᡰǣǰ˵
Բۣβȫ޶β͵޽ܣҿ⴫Ѷдʲô֮类Ʊˡ
Ҫʼתô
ǮͿԿССˣ
Сһǿȥϡҳһߣ̬ùһ鶼ЩԲ
һôʱ
λģͬ޾ûκβںŶԼڵʵʵ˴Ʊˡ
ҽ̤ɽȣͷϵȻ൫üĿžһĽޡ
ڵĽޣԣڵĽôôصһ˵˵Щɳƣ˵Ҳ
ոյԪӤڻεޡһԺ𣬡ΪˣѪӦ˺޽Ϻİ
аôʱֵô
ҶڰֵΨһӡ󣬾Сʱ򿴹һ޺Ȯˡ
ʦá¶ҹ˹֣СſͷϣеĳصķڣĺܼʱΪһ¡
λʳèŮëС壬Աһλ˫ܵëС³գգۣ˵ֵʱ򻹹һ¶
ᡣ
Ǽǰɡ
Сһλǰ˵ɢ㣬ʵǿԲЩɵĵӡ
ԼҲͦİ
ôһҵˣҲرһԽܣȻҲᱨֵʱͿʼˡ
ʳèе죬е벻ˡ
û취ҲԼĹΧֵֹ಻ʤǵùֻҪȥĳط֮ǰȲһûʲôΣԴעһҲˡ
ؿˣ£ʲôʱȥؾҺͽ㶼ȲˡһԱߴߴٵ
ԽܴͷβûԼ˼Ҿʮֿϧ
ȻûѵͣССҲѿġ
ģܿȥȥɡЦѾˣ޺ħ޶һʱȥпܻᱻΪ̽ӣԻҪСһĺáѾ˴ھ߰ɣ·˵
Ҫ򵥺ܶࡣ
˵䲻
ԭħ޺һֱǷͥģ˴֮ɧ꣬ǻҲȥɧŷˣ˴ҲȥǡǣһǸҰĲˣһҪаħǾ˼İĵӵħǱǱħҲʾǵħҲɴԼŮǱߵԵס
ǣԵ׶еõɣħҪһͳϢǿʼս
˫ԽĴ̼ΪĳСŮ֮Ļ¶ֽ
ţɻһŴӣһħŮ
ĵմҵӣŮħŮ
ǳ֮ʱԷɱƬײսôˡ
ò˵⹷Ѫζе㺬ˡ
ŮΪӽĻһŰ
ʵϣѾƽ˶꣬޻ħޣѾȷѪִ꣬һˡ
չ֮£ʷѾ˺ܶˡ
ȻʵҲܶΡ
Ϊͳ֮ĶعƣթʵҲԵףȻ͵Ϯĳ̶ȡ
̾˿Ҫ˵ħҲɵģҪԵ׺ͼϸͲѡֳúõģúõ׳¡ʲôӣʲôŮһ츳۵ġɼϸȻҪòƽƽΪƽƽƽƽû̵Ͳ˵ȺﶼҲֲа
㿴ɺõȥֱӸŰ˰ɡ
Ǿ鲻֡
Ҿǻ̫ˡ
ԵзͲܼΪɺõȥܸ뵽˼ҵĺĸλⲻ֪Խǳڵ˾Խۡ
ҺʦûҰġԱЦȻҪˡ
ǹһôһĵġ
ҶôϤҲԵİɣ
󿴣־òܡ
˭ԵȥԨڣǲñ޶ë޶
Ҫȥ磿ðɣȥΧ۵ʿ治٣ԼԼˡշ˼һ䣬ͽ˴
ʿҲʵ̫ˣ漰ֵͳ֮ģǻвʿǰȥһǳûԼĵģһҲҪûкöǼ©ϾҲвĵرģǰǿѹͷߣڵͷԼڶɲǱǣ
⴫շĹ󣬴ӴǰȻһ˻ҪһٿƷʯԪӤڵҪٿ飩˵شļ۸Ҫһ㡣ԭΪʱĵ̫ԱҪԲ䡣
˰ɣ˭֪˭
ִҲ󷨵ʱķѵ˵֮һ󷨳ֻͣҪʱʱĻʯάһ¾ͺáһҪĻÿ˽ʯһƷʯ͹ˡ
̣
ڲǮҲ˵ˡ
ףһεĴôĵô죿뿪֮˷ѾҪʧɾˡ
ܰղǼ˵ʵҲʾˣҲԪӤڡ
ôô
Ѳɣ󷨳⣿
û뵽ִᶼγλȻʼδ
Ż
ҷɣ˺ѷε˳
һЩż߷ȥҪȵˮҪҪϢһ£
ΪҪԽ磬˿϶һЩӰ졣
ϰ߾ͺˡ
ǰû֪ĺ֢
ҲЦãô֪ޱȵһëֻз˲ŻʱµôӦòڴ˰
˵ǸĽޣëСЦ⣬ҿͺСôϵѽȻ˽飬㿴ٶûУǸողеǡĽ޷ȷǳڵģҪһؾЩѡ
˵ĶԣȥؾҪҵǻβݣβһ㶼дȺػĵطǲǿ뿪ðװ׶ëСҲԱߴǻ
ǰıҲҪע˵ô˵Ϊڿ˼ҡη
ԽʶҲͦˣҲģ׾ĸ׻޻Ρֻϧǵĸĸʱ䣬˵Ķáû˸ĸæҪҪǧٱŬǲȫΡ
ϧķ̫أ̫ˣ¶Ҳ֪ĵĵزʳèһǳɫäֲɫǿСҲһֻͨ֩룬ûж࿴һۡ
ô˵ҲԪӤڵĻޣָһڵСʲô⣿ëС巴
ǡڷܵ
ȥëС屻ܵԱ³ǴӴָóһֻͲͲﻹװһǳɫҺ塣
ǰὬӷɵϣҲϲ˰ɡ
˵꣬ëСŵܵȥһԴĵĲһ䣬Ҳڹֻǵһ˻ᵢؾĽȡ
һԭⲻתġ΢Ц
㣡ëСˡ
¶èŶŹ֭ǰԺһܻ㡣
Ȱɣö
һ鶼ô˵ҺԥĽӹ֭һ
ζܿѹסŻ¸Уʱ˲١
ǶԽܸġǴСͱöԴҲĽ죬˵ǼǹģǱǸˣȻҲһССĽ͵ദˣٻ˵ʵݲ١
ףԣ
ҿ̫Ϥˡ
ҳǶԽܿһۣµ˵ͷ
Ǳ̫ˣҵĽٶҲ˲٣źŶֻʣ3Gˡ
Ҫ꣬Ϊ϶ȥ
ˣ⣬䣡һͻȻ˵򣬲ʮʿΪںԪӤڲȣħޡ
ţ
ҵ¡
ħ޵ĵ̣Ǳ󴫹Щħǵעˡ¶СǶԽ˵ǻ뿪Ҫͻĺá
һûвʲôϢëСЩɻӦ֮ΪߵģڻûвأôºǸŮ޾Ϳʼˣ
²˳٣ǻ뿪˵Աߴߴٵ
ȵȺħǸϵʱѾʧӰˡ
ЩʿǶûǶٶˣʵڿɶ񡣡һħ޷߷߲ƽʲôʿһЩǿ
ˣԼڶ˼©ӦġǴ˿̴ڶҲȥġΪ׵ħҡҡͷǸ󷨴ʦϽ⴫ڸסȻ˹ˡ
ܵķɿ졣
¿еؾҲ̫Զȫ·Ļ¾ܵ
ƴֵһСͷۣǶýԼΪ·ҲֵһС䣬ûµʱڷϰɶġ
ҹʱɫص˹
һܻϢ˵µɫûôѿҺСҲɵĿ˹
Ҫȥؾ˸ˡ̾˿
ȵȣʲô˸ˣһ£ؾܱ˸ߣ
ǵġµ˵ͷҲ֮ǰûиǣʵһҪȥؾһݱ»
ؾС磿ëС֪ʶȻҪ࣬һȻôؾô
ҸϽԺʹһ飬ؾʲôΪʲôĲûп
ؾһϡ󣬸ûʲôֵü¼ģΪĴڱһֵ
һϸĺҽ
һ˵ؾγ޷ôࡣ
еǴܷ֮ǰٵĿռ䣬ŶԼأĶԼ裬ܷ֮ؾҲ˺ˣǱȽϳҿԴеһ֡ؾһࡣ
еǹŴһСռƬǧ磬ɲֻǧвΪԭ𣬶ֲ֮ڳʧһСΪؾɢ䵽˸ȥҲؾһ֡
ʣµľЩȻؾؾһ֡
д˵Ϊ˷ϵ֮ӦǵһССؾ뵽ĳ֮СһС塢һ仨һݡһ·ߵСʯӣпܡ
ʿһؾ
ˣؾļ¼Ҳ֮١һпܻɵĶôᱻ¼أҲżʾˡ
ǴʦĶôؾͷѵʦʱγɵģӦҲǳԨڲŶԣôᵽ
ҲǵˡһҲʵ벻ؾĶǺܺõģӦܹССķһʲˡ
Ҳԣʧˡҵ˵ͷ
ݱ»СżȻֵġʱҲҪ仨ߣֻؾΪҵóȻֲܻ᳹ʧȥؾĻᣬԾֻǼ򵥵˸ǣһ󷨱û뵽һڶиʿײĴݱ»ػΪʲôĵرͽˡּ⻨ûʲôرľóȥ⻨䵽ܸӦǸǻؾӦûûб֡
ؾʱҲ˲ٱʩģû뵽Ǳ˿ӡ
֪Ϣʱû³һѪ
ҺؾʱǱˣԿ׻ϣʱδػᱻ֡Ҳܣǵʱ򱻴ֲܷԣ⵽ֵؾҪˣ
˭ëС׷ʵǽؾˡֻһ仨Ҫ͵Ҳѡ
ħ֮ŮҲ֮ǰ˵ģǸǱԵ׵ģֱԼҸĸƻ˫޴ǸŮޡ¸ɰͰ͵Ļش
Ȼǲ˵˼һġ
ԭ²۹ˣһӾҪԼĹˡ
⵽
ֻһССĻӦҲᱻǸôӰɡһϣĵĽ͵Ҳˡ
⻨ǸδҲŴ͸ģ˵軨䱦ÿ춼СźɫԽѿһ֮ǰµķӡ¾ҪɶһҪ֮ǰ軨
ҳĬˡ
Ҫһ١
ȻԽƯ˾Խǲס
ôҪĶôСҲΪİɡ
㣬ôһЩʵ
ʵĻȫֻؾҲԸô򵥵ľܻݻԵԲĥѰɡ
Ȼ仨ԱǧͬĻҲ˼Ļش⻨ؾһƬ԰֮УǱյ


26 
ҪȥëСѻ
ѾԪӤڣ뻹кüڵĻ˳һᣬĸħѾǴڵΪˣǴ˷ħ䡣ҡͷ
͵͵Ǳȥˣʳèһó䡣ëС˵
ħΪ˷ֹ޴סϰٸ󷨣ľʿ롣ÿһֵ˶ҪơΪͬƾ֤ܽ룬ҿһһɭϡ¼̾Ϣ˵һֻèˣһֻӬҲɲȥ
ǳǮأԱ˵˵ҪǻǮʯõˡ
Ϊħ֮ŮľǮˡһĿңû뵽а취ȻҲô׵Ľ顣
ӣⲻڸº󲹾ôҪʰ̯ӣôף
ң㣬뿪ҲֻʣһµʱˡӲͷƤڳ˵ҵʱʱģҵʱһ׼ʱǾܽȥ
㵱ʱôͲСĵأ
лɡ
ؾܱˣ
֩СҲԼĳȣȻݺݵҧһڡ
ʹ໽УֲҶ˵һֱ֣ίˡ
һ뵽ôף˾һ
ڵǣβܽݱ»ж
ǲǺǸŴȥģסôܣȥǷ֮⣬ӦҲΪҪֹȥͨ籨ŰɡҵǺܿͻָ˹
ǵġµͷѾ˷֮ʵҾбҲĵȷȷƵ裬ʮְ䡣
ô˼ҵ˽¶ôžе㲻ζˣϢǲе̫һˡ
Сܹٶ²˼ĵԼͷҶԣҲеȤԾͶһ¡
СӿģƯƯģԭǵУ
ܽˡ
ʲô˲òˡ
Ҳ˵صӦˡҿ϶ʲô
ʦħ֮ŮǴ治˽Ͼĵմӣһţ֮вˣǱںɽأʲôʱնʲôʱ
Ҳ˵֣߸㡣˵İΣ϶ԼҪҪöҪ֡
̸ȻҪץ˼ҵʹ㡣
ȻûС
˼ȥëС嵱ᣬҺ͵ܵܳ־С
˰ܲģηһ趨񲻿ܰϱԼˣΪ϶ԪӤи޵ͣʲô˼ң
˵Ӧô죿ʱֻʣһ¡˵ֶݺݵĵһ
±Сɪɪ֨
롭ˣа취ˡ۾һҪǺúһ¡ֹѪ飬ҿ̫ˡ
ҽԼļƻǶ˵һ顣
һֱе㲻̫Ծ
ܸоʲô鶼óһ
ڵҲֻҽˡ
ºСҲûʲôĺð취ֻһҵİ취
֮ǶЩá
ȷְ취ãҾӦòô޴ɡ
㲻Ů̶ǸҰڰ֣˵ˣͷ˾Ӳ̫ҲԣЩʿͱչظʮ꼸ģһôţƳˡֽҪʲôͨȥ֮ʲô룬ܴŹˡ
ǻȥɣԪӤʿϾΪֻн𵤣һ˷ֲԾ׻¡ëС忴һңǴѡ
ڹң⻰Ĳ
͵͵һëС塣
ȻܵܽԼεڶԾܹ°ͣһ֪ǸˡҶżһһģèڶɡ
֪¸㶨֮ǻ᲻ҸĹۣܹúõߣһѡ
Ưè˧èСڵң
뵽Щ
ģһ㽫Ҹ
ҪҪôңҲʾĺȥ
ʳèһ߱Ȼ㿿̫ױһе㷺ᣬǺԼı飬оҶԱ˱ȶ̫ˡ
ô䵽ز
һԽԽȻ֩ĺãﺬȻҪ̶ֳȣҲҪһɣ

ôЩɣ²ǺҪʱȷŵһȥ
ȣҪ⡣
ֻҲͨ󷨣Ǳߵ󷨾ͽң黹ǰռƻҲֻҲӦ䡣ȥĻ¶ڵġԼظֱ׳˵ʱǾԱ߽ӦɣңƭԣҶֳԹŮرһס
µ˳һ£ǴӦ
˼ƻҲȷֻ

ţɽء
ϣʦܹǸŮ֮ôӣҲ˵ˣֻҪʦܹ飬ȥϵôʦȥõĵطСʦΪ˴ʦ֣Ҳࡣ
ҲǸŮȷվɫĹʦְѳֲסҲȻ
ϧ˴ʦ֣ħڶǴʦܹɽ϶ܹºպսڱ˵أܳУ
ͬʦǸغɽÿеľֻһĴʦֺǸŮ顣
ǺѾȫȻǸŮԵڼҲǵͬţҲ֮в˰ĽĶ
ͳ֮֮ԡ
ʱ֮ͻȻһõĽϻվһˡ
˿ǣ۾һ漴ҡҡλεˤǰ
ʡŵʦ𣿡մѪͷңȫݣֻһ˫۾
ǽ޵ӣѵǳɽɵʦã˼״æǰ
Ÿ֦ͬһͬħޣɽɸʾ˾˵սսĽޣȷͬ졣
ǿһʦ˵ﻹס
λʦֿܣ滹˻׷ңǴ򲻹ǵġ
ʦ÷ģͬΪŵӣһЩħаҡ
˵˻δ䣬źڶһͲƲѾһֱӹ˹
~
ŵ⼸ʦֵæҪ赲ˡ
ֻǱ˸ֲﻹܷӳ󷨵ȫĬʮ㣬ǸͲǶ֡
⼸˲Ϊʲôڻ˴ǰҪĵطΨֻǹѺʦֵζѡ
ĪǣЩħҪʦָȥ
ⲻܵģʦߣûס
ʦҲܱʦŶȥ
ŵ˶ɱһѾһԲ״䵶
䵶ֶ뷲䣬ͬʱҲɢž˵ĺ䡣
˱ͬСɡ
䵶£ŵѾ־ı˫ۣ١

ȴ֮ǰǸһϢĽСʦͻȻ
Ľӭ䵶
ݡ
һֽһ
ǽСʦô⼸ŵ˲һ￪⣬ɽ
ۡСʦÿѪԽϢ΢ңҲˣλʦ߰ɡЩħ׷ǽģûйϵ
ʦô˵ĻȣѾһŵԴǵ˵ģѾ˺ɽȥҴʦ־ֻҪʦֳ֣ЩħΪ塣
ǵģҸղѾѶʦ֣ʦ㾡ܷġ
ɡ˵ǴʦǲܳɽģôʦΥȿȿȣΥǵŵĹ涨
ʱҪͬһ𷣺ˡҴû˵˻ܱġ
ԶԶԣʦ㾡ܷģȴʦˣҲᱻκõġ
ܣ˵ˣ׷ˡ

ɽ֮д
ֻǵ۾֮ʱԺȫԼ֮Ĺ
ǸʱԼΪʦã뽫Ƿ֮У˭֪Ȼħ֮ŮǱΪ˴̽Ϣ
˻ֲ̽СĹͬ
ŵŮӶһԼҲСĶġ
治ҲǾȡ
ֻǣ֪ôˣ
ô˵Ҳħ֮ŮӦòڱͷ̫ǡ
ʦ֣
ԼԼ溰
΢΢üվҲŽߵɽſڡ漴־ЩԣѾʦΪأ濴ЩͬʦҲֻɽ֮£ܽɽôﺰأ
һûлش
ʦ֣ħɱˣϵĵĴ
Ĵʦܣ
ս˽
գԼҲҪȥһˣһͬʦԼѵԹô
ʱҿ⼸Ա߿֧ŵŵӣĵĴ˸Ƿ
СһЩɵĵΪа㿴Ļ㲻ģͿŶϰˣڵΪôҿҲԣ϶ûҶԷ
ô˵Ҳ磬ܹΪӵʿ϶ǻеˡûСܶˮųһƬôȻܴ
ҸоֻèҪըë˶
ɶͳԨһԵӿŲ󡣡һشԨ֮ʱ˵н޽Կɽѧϰ²ǽ޵ӣǳѧ֮ͨҲܽۿ鼮ա
ڸɶԣǵĹؼ䱦ʾˡ
ҲʦͽϵΪʲôܹ˸ٹ̵ҪԭһЩֻʦܴӣûбĵطȥѧôʦͽϵȻͻȸӹϵӽܡ
ʦɱͽܣҲӦ
԰ȻҲҲãǱЩûĵСɣҪ̾˿ǰҲҪȥСɵģ˽һ¸֮͹ϵķ뷨
ЩСţЩûĵʱҹ˾й֮޲
ɵˣɵĹȫȫǰˡ
һҪ뿪ͻᱻΪͽĴ׷ɱ㷢
ѳɵʿҪôͳΪûطյɢޣҪô͸ɴħֻеȵʵǿ˲п»һسӣȻ۸Ҳǰװױ۸
ʮֵĲҪ
оʲôһС
˿չص˽ҪͷֻҪһ£͵óЩŵĴһλǾ;Բ䣬һ˾ҪµĿʷ
£еʿֻܶƴС
ҲſΪŵͳзע⡣
ҵ뷨ʵź͵֮ĹϵѾƽͽˡ
ҪͽΪһУԼӡŮҲҪΪס
ԹˣֻЩԽıءһҲҵ˼ֻôһַʦԶģΥ棬Ҫ
ˣǧԶȱħޡ
ҲԶȱЩŶħħޡ
еһжΪ˷ûбĿ꣬ȻƫִǸˣ
ηаŵӣɽһԼʦǱ¶׷ɱۿһߣλ̣
νһķ羰ߡ
⽣ò۾һǹѪµǣʵûл˵ġӦҲƵǶˡ
ǳԨڣҲȥһ洫ӵλˡ
׸ǲܶģѳɴһʮֹ͹۵ĸһۣ䲻󣬵鰮Ҳ޷պƺ쳾һ޽ǰ;
Ȼһ˵ֻû˼
ϸһ档
ѪµǳûǲģԵһ
ֱ̫ˡ
һֿǵ͡
Ҳ֪ųʲô磬ôȻ˾Ȼ͵ħȥԵףҾȻûб֣ħҲӽˮ
ϲûйƯС硣
ͻݻòּһǮġ
Ҳ֪Լʲôʱܹõ
ѣˣСҪˡΪȻҲԪӤֻа벽֮ңǽĬˡһĻｫҵ˼˻
ƽʱô࣬һʼ߶߶ĬĬ²ۣ⽣ûþˣȫŮӵ˼
գǺˣСܼ򵥷˼ݻܿͳˡ
ֻҪ֮ǰƻģҺĳǰСģҪԼˡ
Ϊȷͦߣô׾ͱ̸߲ȥֻǧĶ֡
ţè˵뵽ƻ־Ǻ꾫ˡ
ҸǵĸоҲ֪´ҵˣ
ʦ֣λСʦιȥˣ
ӿз£һ⼸ʦãյߣ򵥵ļһ£ûʲôرˣҪɸصľͲˡ
Ǻܴ˺𣿵𣬻Ҫ꣬һʿ˵ԲСˡ
˼Ϊǲ˵ġ
ʦֹȻǲ˵
ҺСʦѾιȥˣȻ϶Ϊɶʲô
ҵȻûгιȥֻһͷôֱҲܽŮ
һԱȣҼҽ鶼Ƶƽˡ


27 
ҳʦʦȥ֮˿
ҪţͿҪﲻסˡ
Ϊȡˣ֮ǰԼСһˡһ黹ǾܾҵƵҪ󣬶ýαװһ£ļ󡣱˵ʲô꣬ٶȣҪǿѹԼǵ޸ˡ
Һ뿪ˡ
˿ܵķԼٶȿʼԼˡ
ǲûлҵݡ
˲ǼٵģתҲȷȷʵʵħһֽӲƭˡΣʱҵҲ׾ٵıǸˡ
ħǱ߷أ߾Ҫɶˡ
ȻǶԵġ
ҾãߵʿһЩһԺ²ۣôܻĶ֣
˭ỳһ˱׷ɱҪƴľ˵ͬˣ
ƽʱû¾ͱչʶ̫١֮ܶԽƯԽƭˣŮ˶ˡҺߺˣҷӵˣԱ߿žͺã㳤ʶ
ˮҷǰӾڣպ«ư
һʿյ˹һϲ˵ѣˣһˮ
Һˮɤӣž۽
ʦֵĶʿЦҽĴҲŵӣĸɵģ
ҡҷ˴ŵ֡ϵ͸¶Űˡ
ĴЩȣֲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôá
ѣ㱻׷ɱҺͬ飬ôܣĴһߣеɸ֡
֮ǰŮ˻ҲͰˣѾˣȻҪʵ
ʲôźɽʲô׷ɱֻ˭ȻĴǵûĴ˸ͲΣ
𵥴ʦʦãԵ׵Ҫһء⣬ΪСλȻ츳ڣҪȥֺ̫ˡ
һʼҲġ
ֻһŮ˻ܾһӢ츳ڣȻԱĮ̵͵ǶԼȴСĵأ
ԭô
ˡ
ʦ֣кҪ鵥˵ôЩǵ˵
ʦʦãʲôǲ˵ô߶ʱϬ㵽ʲôĿģ
εѣܶʲôΣֻ˵¹شʦʦ֪ˣǶûкôҲʾ
ʦ֣ǾͲˣģǳȥšĴۿžҪתֱ£Ҫ뿪õʱֱӳ
ʦǸʲôǿ̫ˡ
ʵϣ˵ʦֺħ֮ŮҪϲʱЩʦʦõĻĳĬһħ֮Ů踺أȻʦ̵ֶȥװ飿ôŮŮǳŴʦּȥģҲ̲ȥˡ
һԣҾĲ㡣ϺֻܿʣˣƺʲôΣ˺ݻ
Сһݲ㣿
ǿиƵӣҿɲǱŴġ
ǰʱ򣬱˺״󵨡Ҳһˡ
εѣ̽һҵԼ
ڸʲôϷ
εǲң
ǡЦһƺǳЦҵļָ򵥵ĴҵϣʱɫˣôܣѾɺˣΪʲôͻȻͻָɣ
ǰҪһֱŬţѾˡ
һ졣
µĲ츳츳ȫȫھ˳Լʵ飬ɹĹһµѭ֮·
Թ츳˶಻ʤܹ֮ӳ֮١
ɾеٮٮߡ
ԱĶǰֱ꺢ͯһ㡣
˿ȫԼ̽˽⵽ġ
Ź˶á
ȪţҲûôġ
ιûв㶴ô΢΢Цұ׷ɱɡͱȳ˿죬ҵĹ⣬Եɺ֮¾ĳɹ׷ɱҵħŵˣǶҪȡôԵɡ
ʶ˵
˵ħˣţҲ
Ҫﵽҵĳ̶ǲܵģÿ˵츳ʶһһһת˵ȴ̽һصϢҲרεԭ򡣡
ŶƺЩţԷɽҪΪҲпܣҪѰŵıӻ
ȻǣҲὫҵڱֻε׵ġΪ֪ϳȥε֮⣬˶ϢȤ
Ĭһɫйأ
εѹȻ顣΢Цȷħ֮Ůħ𲢲ֻһŮﱾħޣΪǱת˹ǿħתɣûʲô󰭣ʵѾͿʱ޶ˡˣħŲżץңҪϻһЩϢǣħ֮ϵӣҲвΪʵڶˣѾֵþȡ
˵һҪȣŻиӣһ漰˵İΣ̾ͱû
ħֻһŮҲΪһ˾ͽħ˵ȫѹȥҵļֵֻ֮һʵ̫˷ˣǲħ˵뷨ҼѾףŻ˵ٶȵҿ԰ȥ񣬵ҲҪǰҡ
˵
ҿԽҵ뵽Ȼָܹ֣ʣµʱ㹻ĵرΪԪˡҾ֮˱Ҫ֤ܹȫȫҵԶ˷֣ҵ۾˸ſ⣬Ǳ븶һʯ֤Ժ衣ҪǴӦҾȥ񡣡
ûһڴӦϸң١
Ŀ£ԼǼ֤˵ڼõĹ̵ġ
ǱߣԼһʱҲϵϡĸԣĳ⣬ҲǾԲ˵ġ
ţǲأ
εûΪʲôҪﲻӴأӦǵյ˵Ϣ㲻һеȥɡҼϽͣҲ룬ǰȥħԵ׸˶٣ѵﵽԵײҪʲôô˵űħҪ
ⲻܣǼᶨ֧ߡ
εҪǲţȲʯҽκ֣õ˵ġ̾˿һ㵽ʱ򻹲ϴӦҵҪһʧӰ٣δܹץõҡ
ãͰ˵İ졣ϸҿеĻ˵ѵĿԵࡣ
ԷȻҪĶ࣬ҪôŷϳߣԸȾǮƭӵĿҲ͵ࡣ
ڵǣڿħס˸󷨺ͱ֣ҪȥֻҪҾҵ϶ȥҺܿͽԼĴ˵˳εѣʲôʲôҴҡ
ͺ˵ȵ˫޴֮ȥԨڴ󡣡Һ˽˵Լֻ֪
СȻһ㣬ѧܴһʱˢڸˡ
죡
ҺݺݵĶŹһϷն챻ƻˡ
áҵ˵ͷ²˳٣ھͳЩˣȥ
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εѣҺ㲻һ˵Ҷͣһ̣Σѵ㲻ƺôҷʵ
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κ֮εͿִһ뿪ˣҲǻ̰ͼܵˣֻҪһĶ޵һ䡣
УǺ˽ʦħӻᡭ
εѣԼ￴̫ҪˡҺĴĻǸϵΪమµħսⳡħս֮УǡమΪǵһڶѡûǣҲỹڡͳ֮ĶôΪ˵ССأ
Щ滰ѣǾȻˣ
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ҺԼԼԼʢ飬ʢĽ鱻Ҫٱ黹֪
ͨҵĶ֣
ϴԱ˲УϴԼĽַӵ顣
ΪǺãҪôȥٷְŰ֮һûԵþֱӳΪ˵˿еǰ֮ˡҾԼ£㿴ôһ˵ĿԶҪ𣬿ɼĺںԷôʧȥǵں㲻ãҲᱻǵĳõġڱƭһأǾоˡȻҴž͵һ汾ŷҶˡ
ʲôŷʲôҶһ鲻̫⡣
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˲䣬ڴ˴ĸħ޺ͬʱ

СҪƭǹɱ
ħ˵ɱС͡

ĵֱУô˵ĽֻһЦͷƾЩϣ
ܺãֵĸܸܵġ
ĵĸ˴Ĵָ
һֱ֮룬вħ׷˹ȥ
óԼǰħ޵һװ·ĻЩħ֮С
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һӰ۾˶üԲŻʦڡ
ѾֱҪȥ֪ͨħˡ
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Ĳһ㣬ϸϸһȫȫƤƭļƻȻеͨ?
ƭ׵ķٴŷȥƭĽû
˼棬˺ϼ֮²Ż֪Ѿϵƭ
ɵʱ򣬻Ѿˣôأ
˭뵽˻ôļǮôȦӣΪ˵õһ軨أԣҲǲ֮
Ҵͷβûб¶ԼݺҪҲ֪ȥҡ
Ļ˵һˣԺ󻹵õǷһ顣
رҪ
ͷƭǡ
С̲סԼĽɫǽܶΪĳЩֿôһ˵㣨ܵܣˣԸȾٸǮִĻԼ϶ŵġ
ҡ
ֻҪԼں˰ȫݣ֪Լᱻƭ϶Ҳѡŵġ
ʦ֣㵽Ǵˣ˵ǽޣëС̲סҪʿһӣǶҪ˱ˡ
Һ֮ǰûн˸ˡëСҲݡ
оԼͽ˾㱻ƭ˶ҪǮ
ĬĬ졣
Ҫ˵ԼҲǴɣô


28 
˭
һṲ̊ĵһ
תɻĿңʮ㣬㲻˵ԼͲҪҲˡ
һͶԷò

ˮΪΪǣŮˡ
֮ǰҲǸĴˣòʵǲ࣬ûֶĵʣɬֵַ˲ϲĿ
Ҳеᣬֱִеôƭ˵ģѵǿĵ̻
ֱΪʮδ֮ˡ
ѣˣҲŮӡһߴٵôȥ˼ҹҪˡ
ҲףŮӣƯĹӸ뻹ȥڨƯŮӶתˡ
֪ûְ뷨ҪԼǲӦøһɫĽԼˡ
㲻ΪŮӣԲŸܹŮӵҼ򵥵ķһ£ܿͶԼ̬ȡ
˼ˣƭҪƭҲΪǺãԺѹмҵġ
ǰôҵ۾･ˮ·ǿʲôһ㣬ֱ˵˾һ֮ңĵط
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ǰţιġҽָߣһҺò
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㲻װԽԽСͻƿңܶҷ½ġһһĺ͹һ౾϶С
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ղ˵ģǣ֪һƭҵʲô³ôЦ˼Ѿסķ
˶֪Ĺϵħ֮еλȻҪ̺ô˶಻ʤ
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ǰҲˡղһֱЩĻͻȻ뿪ô˲Ǳˣǰ
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ҪԶ߸߷ɡ˵Ϲ˵͸ˣͳ֮սѾݱֹΨһģǴ뿪
Ҿ֪϶׵ġ۽΢΢졣
״ּһѻ𣬡ֻǰһΪµʿҲŵˣûʲôңҲûʶңҲųû͵͵ġˣǰҸǵ֮ԼһȥԨڴؽ󡣡
˵ǰһ仰ʱȻжֻڷϣֻҪһвԾ̾͵ɱôҲħ֮ŮСѧϰľħ޵ļôܻʲôĴ֮
˵ֻ֪Լֲ֮Ŵӷϱ
Լֻ֪
˰ɡҺ˿Ҳ֪ʲôʱᱻ֣Ҳֻܳ˵ˡ
š˵ͷ
Ǿ̫ˣǰպĳʱڰǸ̼ͤǰҵشʱһ뿪Ļ϶ȽעĿԵʱҪ󣬼ֱ֮ߣ˵鳦ʲôҲԵȵȫԺ˵
֪ءѾϲɫδ粻ңҲضḺ
ҵʹҲˡ˲٣˵ǰ͸ݱ»ҡ
Ҫ⻨ʲôȻ棬ǽ軨Ӵ߱
ðǱԼϢôҲΪġ
ҽףȥȴѣұĻȥֻ˵ҵһܹź򻨲ݵ˰æȥټҲܼʱϢȥ⻨ǰ͸ģҽȥǰŻ֪ļȻӦҵһƷʯɾûˡЦΪǮҲƴƴˡ
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죬Ǯʱһֵġ
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ۣӦõģδ˲̫˵ƺʲôһöָҲͻһݵиǧƷʯţҺδ簲ȫ뿪֮һʯٷ㣡
ǰҲҵ۾ЦĶ
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ҪӦͻȻܵ˾޴ħ
СһħôһӶôࣿҸое㲻̫΢΢üڵѭ·ܿ죬˶ħҲС
ӦǸħˣģֻһƷҲڻңڶԸһ򵥻ش
˼Ů˼ҵҪֶԸֱȻ
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ȳȥȥҵͷһԼյĴָе㲻ġ
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ҪȥħսˣֻһʿƺҪȥʲô
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ǽʱӾһҲ벻ЩεĻشȥɣҪСһ㣬Ǵϲ١
ǿ϶ҵͷİɣħôҲħ䣬ôȫһС֣Ҳ˵Ҳ̫ˣǿŮϣҲֵġ
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·졣
ħɱˣɷԶԶһо
һ¡ëС忴Լҵܵһۣڵõ϶֮ԼĶժ
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һССĺɫβͣβϻһСֻǲ֪ΪʲôԭСûз
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ʳèһĶǸĸǵҺ͵ܵһһǾڱϵΪ߳Ľǲܷǵġҽ㣬㴫껰̻֮ҡëСЩŤ˵ܾܲͽһðա
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һʿõݱ»õʯһ֮ˣ˭Ϊ˳ȫһŮӵİٻȥðأ
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ԭΪûнĵģѧֻΪܹһѣûнģĽģѾ̽
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ңʦϤ࣬ǱţҲῴҡǼᶨҡͷħ𣬾֣ҲԹԡֻϣ񣬵Ӿϲ˵
Сӣ㾴ƲԳԷơҾȥĨŮһм䣬ֻҹɶµŮħԸ˵ô࣬һϧţҲǶŮôһڡӶľܾǾͲܹˡ
һЩССȻԷʶ̧٣ɱʡ¡
ħ֮ŭ
֮ͬܳңֲԽĺ蹵ʼջԵƵвлʱϨ
ѲɣҪ
Ҫˣô죿ᱻĨȥ䣬ײǵңȻֱȥŵ̽ô
һϧŮĸףôԼŮȥðķգ
ҧҧڵԪӤĳȡ
Уһ
룬ҪټһУ
ۿ𽥷졣
ԺЩִšʱͺħһĲ
ôȥΪԱΪΨһܹʣµİ취תħɲǵܷħĨ񣬳ûӳ
ôһҪźħŵ˫׷ɱˡ
ǸʱҪδһ뿪أ
ǡǧһ֮ʡ
һŶӰŷɽವĲ˶սм䡣
ɫڿԷ裬ͻȻֵˣеĳâʢ
Х
ܱҪԵĽ֮³
һõӰ֡
ǵ˫֣غһ
һ
ƿ߷ƣ
էء


29 
һ֮ʱһĴϤ
պ󡢳ʱȻͤ
ҪʣǶٶ˦һ
νֵȴ⽣һƣعѾǧ׿ˡ
Ľ׻ǺˣãûʱôĪǣǴģ
ͣΪǷȱħҲһ˿֮ɫ
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֪ⲻƿԼķıȴôҵĽ֮ºˡ
ħоס㣬Ҫ뷽跨㳼
ǿĽ⣬ʱձضΪ쵱һսʱȥսҲ롣
СһæǸóˡЦһ
ɲԽΪ˼һڵΪƴϾף
һ֮ѾŹһˡ
á
һʱƺסҵ֡
ҸоԼֺһȪΧůůĻͦ
бħ𲻵òֵֵ
оʦǳٰ汾ġ
ʱˣһ˼˵Щеûġ
ֻôһôղһܲһԿħ׾ٵĽЩ䣬ϾĿҡ
ۣʶɣҴߡһԺﺰ
ı۾
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չʱͻȻʼнУչͽݣȻ֮ʹýղɱ֮С
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Ҫͷħ㱼ΪԼԵĲһΪµĽޣһվ֮ϣڼ۷Ľ
ħ۾ɲ֮оһʹ
Уȡɡ
ħѾչ֣ʱǲٳˣһѾ۾غʶ˲ʧӰ١
ù
ħķȻ顣
ǲʱ飬۾Ҫס
磬ôͻȻ˿ֲĽޣħĪǣĺϸǽˣ
ڲʿڶǰԤԣ˵Ʊ޵ͳѹµĽ޵ͳһʱˡΪԤŬͼԤӦ֮ʱԼųƶЩһðħҲ˵ٽŵ
ƩǳԨڵķӣ彣ڵһһ
ûһˣͽ⶷
ˣֻ˭أ
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ʶһع飬ٽˣҲŲֵľʹ
ȥСһҵʲôôôۣоԼֺҪϵһæ࣬һĵʹ
˷ˣԼҪˡ
Ҫȫ¶öӲȥؾˣԸղֻʱֲ֣ĻָܺáһƳһ۵ҸղִһУرãҪҪѧ
ܣҪҪҪһҪѧ
һоͽСרáɣҲûȡ֡
Ҳ̫ˣԺ߳ܵġ
ҲԲû˹涨޴ܻҪеġ
ҲԣֻҪҲʽ˶ΪƽAΪȻĵͷ־ʱĳɡսԳˡɣʲôרúˡ
ҾҲûǿȥ
Ҷô˵ˣǾɡ
һ沢ִš
ºСѾǱߵˡ
ҰȫҲһ
ոС˵֮ǰȥķ˺ܿµһҪ˿ô죿С˵õ㣬ڿ̫ˡԱ߶߶ʱǾΪ˵ӡѾʣ޼ˡ
лĶ񡣡ҽëС塣
ôҵ㶼ȫˣǽʿëСЩĴչĻܿĽô
ܵܣëС嵱ֲֹ˼ĺҵǸǸҵܵǺܶĹأ¡
Ľ𵤺޵ڵһҪĶ
˼ëСҲԼղ˵ĲԣϵĵǸûж⣬Ҹ㿴ҵڵ
˵꣬ëСſһ£һԲĳڵð˳
ڵֺԲΧ˿˿һСģͣԱ߻ԴƵġ
֪Ϊʲôǽˡһ̾
ǰҲˡҸ͵
ΪһһڸµһɵģĶǺܺƭġԽȫûѹҲ˵ԽܲϳСʵݣϳˣҲִ˵ġ
޵ڵǺģЩʿɱ޶ȡǵڵУʿĽһпй֮޲ô򵥵˸ˣҪĳһ㣬ǳԼġ
εĸо
èèʲôأ
ҶԽܵĸйٺܺáȻЩصͬദҲֶµ˭᲻ϲأ
ڵƯҿ䣬һ
ëСժԼĶ¶һźеȴʽȻͬ

˵ͳһ͵ĳࡣ
Ǹޣеĳζˡ
ôҵڵǣëСЩ˵ҲƯϧֻҺͽܹ͡
ѾԱס˫ۣĸСҪѧԽҪСԺҲԽһвٲġ
ҵĽûôÿЦһ£ԼĽҲ˳
йһڣġ
ƯëСҵĽ𵤣ѿʳȻеϣ
ëСҲסˡ
ھӵеϣ
Цİɡ
žȻҲʵڵô
ǿҵı֣ȫ񰡡
㡭׵ѣŽỨ˶ʱ䣿ëСЩʡ
֪ǼٵģǿĽ޿϶һֻҲвٹעԴϵһƷ𵤣ôҲĬĬŲǡ
ԨŵĵմӶɡ
ȣͦģûʱ䡣ҽջأҲһ䣬֮ǰʮꡣ
ΪԼΪ
һĬĬ
ʮҲܿˡԵʣضǲϴĥ񣬲ԵֻǵѣĽ򲻿ٸ˿ˣҺҵܵڴΪµԣĽ֮¸ˡëСĻش
˵ĶԡëСҲһġ
¿ǽܣҲֻøһġ
ôڲС
ˡЦЦҽңԨŵӣأ
ȻǳԨڡȵȣֻŵӣŵĳ۾ϹˣëС䣬Ҳ˵Ƿ壬ҵܷܵԼȡġĸȥ磬ǵʱûлΣûüȡ֡˵Ҹĸ֮ǰѾȡ֣ԺǱǿǰȥĸʬǣ֪ǵʲôˡ
ĸĵطڴؾҪؾؿǲܽȥҵĸܼ̳Ѫ䣬ʱǾܻˡëСԣǷҲԱЦŻشʱӭʳèһͰ
ˣûȥȰǵĻ˲ǡЦ
֮ǰڿҪһؾ֮кԽദÿô죬û뵽ǾѾܹ໥ˡֻ˵˺֮Եͻԡ
ˣǸղ˵ĹѾؾķӡ⿪ˡ²֪ĻֲһƬĻ԰֮С
ţҵĽ飬ֲһƬݱ»УͲԵͻأˡ
һУ²ŶЦؾȽ⣬ҲûȥԲ֪浽ʲôǵǽʱ򣬻һʲôʱԽãܹõĽԽࡣ
˼ǽȥԺᱻֿ𣿡岻üȻѾµ˼
͵ܵˣûгշΪԴؾ϶ؾҲ˽⡣ЩؾŶӽ룬̽Ŀʽռ䣬ҲеԽؾÿˣϰһЩؾΪ˲׵õĶʿ䣬ñΪͬѵʿԿʤ
ŶӽĵȻ˵Σճ̶ȸ͡
ؾҪĸͬʱܿȻҾͿһȥˡһͬԺӦҲлԾһġξҪ⻨ؾõˡοЦҲֻ˵Ҿܰɣֲüʱع
ˣҲûʲôö˵ġ
Ͼ棬ŷĻβݣµͨҪҩôҲǶ㲻ġ
˷ֳ⻨ؾ
һ̣һɾϮӰͻȻԭʧΪߣݱ»С
ץ˹һ
ʱҪֿĻŵҲֻСһˡ
ݱ»
վһ֮أǰһݾ޴ĽɫĿ¼д˸ĵرƣºҪĶҲȫĿ¼֮С
Ŀ¼һҳдšɷ֡
գգۣҪϵһСһǷ֪ݹŹĿ¼ȻͼϵСһ֮ʱȴԭϲ뽹Ĺһ飬ͻȻͺϵ
ܡ
齣ôܻϵ
ҵͷһԼĹһǰĽɫĿ¼Ȼʧ
һ̣ҲоԼӺ񱻴صش˺ü£ֻüоʹѾʡˡ
ؾʵеڴֱˡ

Ȼͤ
񿨺ʱȴ鼤ȴֵǡ
ԭô˳ģ֪ʲô̼ʼѼǧ޵ϢӣģԸģԴԼʵģһ綼绽ħҹݵ̲顣
ѵеһʱ䣬ҲɹǸŮ˵١ϾԼ֪Ҳǻ˽ˡ
ǣ͸׽ˡɵ˼һȥ˼ҷôĴ۽ѵΪǧƷʯһ軨ôô̫ԡ
һʾԼҪ롣
̫ɹˡ
ֻǣδô
˿ڽܴ
δ뿪ɽħ޵ؽ˶֣ȻҪܳͷġǰ֣Ϊͬпԭô뿪ؾʹǳ˽ԭˣ˵׻ΪҪȥǸŮ
ſβĴҲһͷۡ˵ɣȻħŮһ𣬵Ǵûй¶й¶κ鱨츳Զ֮ϣһȥħŻһ˾ٶɶΪʽͻƵ˳ڡˡԺŵѧټӦô
Ҳֻάԭİ취ȥȥ
ڽֻһ졣
Ǹ˸˵Ļ
רܹ˵ĻǺҪ飬ٶ뿪أǰȥԼʦĻ
ȥǲȥ
ԥһڵ賿Ϣ뿪˺ɽֲԼ͵͵ϻʦҲᷢ֡
Ȼͤ˼ôҡ
ԶԶģͿһϤӰվͤͻȻͿʼûʧԼս֮󣬵õֻʧȴϣġ
Ѿûмˡ
ǰ
δ磬ȻˡôܻϢ
ʱδ
˾Ѿˡ
ǸŮӹȻûƭ
ϲ
ҲϽ£ԾñطŮ˱˴һӵ
Ǳһܾúܾã˺һŷſ
ôң
δ˵ʲôԼ𣿡ʡ
ʶмܳһ
Ƕһۣ뿪Ȼͤ˸طɣװİ磬ȷȫ֮ʱһһĽʶеĴ˳
ȵʱĵʱ򣬾뿪ѾȥСˡ
ʱԼѾ뿪ܾˣʦǱѾ뿪ˡҲѡ
һ꣬еĸڳ⡣
ͷβǶǸŮ˸ƭˡ
Ҳ֪ԷΪʲôƭְǣУǸڶҲǸŮ˵ͬôߣˣ
ȫ
ǸŮӲģҲûн˵˽ǲǸûҪһ뿪ƽĿ赭дʵ
ȻǣҵȻһߡ㿴ⲻˣǿ̷
ܶǳʲôԭǣǶҪ飬лٽ֮ǰŵʯϰɡǾҪʳŬ׬ʯˡЦ϶Ƕδڴ
ȻҲǮ׬ʺѳԵĵҲٶңǾһòˡ


30 
۾ֱ۾Ȼٶ۾
ǰĳûб仯
Ҳ˵Ρ
ʶȥԼֲ࣬ƺҪʲôһȥ˸ա
֣ʲôҷӦԼЩʲôʱ򣬲ɻ뵽Ѳֱ߻ܴʲô鱦Խ𣿡
ǵģԽ
룬һΪԼүȥˣָԼһλᣬ´һˡ
ϣû996û007ܰĵĵһĴ˰ɡ
ô΢ʵ
ǽϵ
ûϵ͵Ǵɣ˵ͦнеġ
Ҳ֪˶ãŵ˴ԼҲþֱһŽ߿ڵҵĴǰʦãô䣿ٵȼ죬ЩŵѡˣҶˡ
ûϵҼ˯ƤӶûжһ£һͷ˯
һҪһ
ʲôûϵʦôˣ֮ǰѡгΪ߿밡ֵֹģǲˣ˵Ѿ
ǵģˣֻҪ˯߲ͻĲڷܵôȥҾҪˡ
úõľͲҪ˯ˣʲôͲܵȵϰʱ˵ô
ΪʲôԼԽҲҪ
ʲʲôʦúϢϾȥҴ򣡡˵꣬һ̵뿪ˣŶûüһ¡
紵е䡣
ҹ˱ӣĵ˯ȥ
Ӹڻϰ˵ء
ûϵ˯ŵ
Сﵹûʲô⣬Щ飬׾񲻼ãҩҲöԣƽʱſͺáǰĴҲ֪ЩݵΪ˼ŵѡһһһѧ۵ҲġСҲˣúñǡ
мܹѡУ㱻ѡˣܴأ
ҲǼʶ˲飬֪νҲûбȷǿȥνˣҲǱǶһˣ鴦£ԶԶЩء
ֻĵϣͳôܹ˵ͨأԼٵʱ򣬲ҲΪνɴŬôǲСĿԼͬСͷ׷ݿµĻkҲһֱûа취ȥ
֪˯ʱ򣬸ĴѾҪԼһˡҪٲѣشԼ¼¸ôдѾˡ
ʦСʦ϶֮ǰ̫Ŭˣڷ˲ֻϣҪһεɴźá
СʦʳڣѾ˿ϣֻҪʱֵйоؾУ㰡ƽƽҪŬźã޲һġ
ʦģҶ׵ġƽƽش𣬡һղҾһգһ²Ҿһ£һ겻Ҿһ꣬ڣܻҳɹһ졣
ϣ⵽ʲôƷֵ־
Ұ˯ѣȻôһĻֱӸˡ
ȻʦͽԻ
û취ʦͽĶ˵죬ûһϸϢ
ϷǿƲҲľ鱳ˡ
ǵĻҴҲԼĴ
ţȻԽˡ
񴩵Ļ硣
ԼһݵͨŮƽʱһֱʦʦһĥǣϣܱ˿ΪͽܣΪŬԲСȥȥѹͱȡˡ
СŮޣԸûй
һֱԱ߶߶ľĴʦƽƽ
ƽƽ֡
˵?
ûɶȤ
˾Ѿôˣѵ˻ô
ܵġ
Ҫɣǲ󲻵ĥǲܵģҾǾЩĥˣҲܻʧܡ
иС˵ᵽʲôɱ˶ᱦʲôһչؾǼ꣬ʲôΪħŰƵʦʲôġ
ʲôֵĶȥˡ
Щϸڣֻ֪ҪɹѶȻȳΪ׸Ҫˡ
ָͶʵͻرĹɲɡ
Ҫ֪֮
ŵ㡣
Һܿͺ˻ˡ
ΪͻҲ꣬ѡͽܶҪʮϣһҲֻһλԲѡѡ֮˻Ӽһ鵽ʮƷʯĲһƷʯܶһһ˺óԺúȵĻʮꡣ
ˣΪ˺иõǰ;ΪܲĸԸͺȥɴᡣ
νݣǰѧĵطһΪɴӦ˶ġ
ĸ͵ݣһ״ǳжʵİ취ֻҪ£úôĥǣ˵ѡøĽȻº˱ƽǮǰں͵ݺҲṩʳޣȷܹ׳ɳ
ݷǲġ
ֻҪÿѡϼǾɻһʽˣһܺǴùϵδЩѧɵСӶǷһĶ飬ĺԴЩܱȵϵģݿúõģ̫үҪͿģ˭ҲҵǾѧԺ֮ĵطʵ۵ĶŮ档
ҪģһԷס޵ĵطԼ򵥵ļ׶ȭͽˡ
˵һзݵˣǾһ
ȵĻɴ߿ݾνĿǰѵ࣬һֱӱصѧѵ͵һֻ̤صѧѵ໹ѣֻҪӿϴѧԺĽѧ֡
ҳ֮ͣˡ
ҺܿԼĿꡣ
˵ʵɲȤҪݵʦ
ѾˣʦĴһãһµĻʾӣṩסޣһÿʮϢһ죬ũæڼյʱҲǿݵġŮӾ㲻Ҳ޷ݷʦһһڹλϡ
࣬ʦһĹʾһլӡЩǮļҳҪʦ͵͵ӲϰηѸûޣʦСƺţС§ţӹĺò̵ֽĵӱѡϵĶʦһ죬ߵﶼһţһ¾һ쿪׬
ȴѧʦɣûпÿһѧѹҵλߣãֱĹ
˵ʦۿɼ˳졢Բˡ
ɣǲɿԾ̫ˡ
ûѧɲɽɽҲѵú͸ĸѼ档ʮ꣬ʲôҲû޳Ȼݵʦģ⻹ǻòġĻҸʮ꣬ѲٴϢǶԷѾʱˡ
ҴˣϣһѾ꣬˵ǽˣλ˵ĺݹͬڡġײĶ¹ڣһɽء
ȻܾջҾáﵱʦˡ
ûʲô뷨
ѵһҪʲôʯ
ȤĶô̫࣬Ҳδһ¡
ûѡҲͰˣѡΪʲôԼҪȥɣ
ʦãһҪΪˡƽƽÿ춼ֵչһӦеľò
ðѾᶾҲûа취С̫һˡ
ˣǽĽ
ȻҲȻڵĿӻģҵģѾᶾʮֲϡ
ʦһԵģ͡һݣúõĽ̵һʱʦΪ˻ѡӣǵҲҪչһҵѧǡż⣬װģƽƽļ
ŬѵõĻϸأûһ˵á
ֱʥˣ˼ҵĺӾ档
츳ŬݵЩÿ첻ƽƽġ
ˡ
ǵȻġԣʦӦҪһȥŶѽƽƽž;ò̫Ծö˶˵ʦôͻȻָ룿
ʦ֣Ҿ̫ˣܲˡ֣ʦһһֱ֧ġ
ʦ㲻һܳԿ𣿡
ҲѽҾʺҡʦ㲻дҵչˣһʱʱȥ棬Եúã˯úãסúãӾȥҶҪȥУҾҪȥһİĵطʱʦҲʦ֣ҿ϶ܲ˵ġ
ÿ˵һ䣬ƽƽ̲סŵͷʦô˵Ҳû
ԣҪȥ˵ˣױʦøƫˡ
ͬ𣿡ƽƽϽֲ˼˦Ժ
һͬġҶѵģʽνϤĲС׫дصļƻѧЧѵӵˮƽ˳дһѡӵĹܽᱨ档
ƻӱ棬ټ粻֮࣬϶ܹ򶯹
ʦ˼㲻μһεɴ𣿡
Ҫμӡҿ϶
Բμһôд棿ԼһεɴȡòΣԼԼнˮĿԡ
лְҵµġ
ʦһɡ΢Ц˵鷳ʦ㽫ɴйעϸϸĸ˵һ顣
Уû⡣ƽƽȻ̫ʦЩʲôֻҪԷҪѧһ̡
ΪԼδҸڻҪϰʱֵԼЧʺͷС
ҹһ߹һռ鱨һд滮ܽĳʵ
ȻŰ֮ͯӣϾڹŴҲҪôˡ
ǲʲôҪ飿ܾԼӦһʲô֣ʲôأ
ˣˣ׼ɴɡ
ɴܿӵĹеˡ
سеͯȫ۵СϡߵﶼСܲͷ˲ҲһֹŴTMľ֮С
ԼԺĹпΪõҪԼԶˡ
ĴϢ뷽跨ȥһε־ԸߣӴЩϲŭ޳ǡ
˼Ҽ׷ҷװӶѣ˭ѽ
ԼĹһСӵĴаģɹȡ˲õϢ
Ѿֻı¼ˡ
ͨѡͽɴᣬаصǲ١ȥ򵥵⣬ҪʲôˣûϷģŷʵǻ˸߿һۡҪǷˣһϳ˵СʻС΢һ㡣ҪĻν֮ԣ߼߼ˡ
һʱûа취ֶ
ΪһݹżߣԴŻἫáֻҪɹĽݵʦͿԽЩƽ
Եġ
µµĹҲһҪһȫµ
Ҷ־ϵļ¼Ѿд˸עԼΪҪĹؼϢ
õģշݵĹʱ͵˽ȥһǸᡣ
Һϼ¼һߡ
ӣӰá
ͬһؾͬ
ھŬ֮£ɹĳΪݵͷֻҪܹ˳УĿ֮һչ
һҪɣ
ܸоԼ˵ʲô˲ҪҲ벻ˡ
Ȼһյ֮ڽ꣬ȥúöһԼС
ȻݵӵͷͲ׵ĴλҪúעƽƽУҲ̫ˣһСľҪӵһλø
ԼҲ͵ƽƽôԼҲҪôҪĻҪ࣬ñǿ
Сܵ״̬Ҳͬֻ࣬Ǹӵ͵һ㣬ȥͷ⣬ǽԼˮ׼֮С
ȻģҲɱĸоѹ
ɴԽԽеСӻǵĸĸǣʼæĿǰͻơ
ݷģиʦǮģܵźһѧϰģ˵̬ˡ
ǣҲһҪŬΪɴɹ˲ɣ
ؾ˵Ŭͨطֻʣһ
ҡ
Ŷйһ顣
һ鿴ϤĵطһɬȴϤףò˼顣
ƽƽ
ֲзؾߣƽƽϵǳ
Լһؼ䣬Լˡ
ƽƽûɵľκͰûڣƽؾ֮󣬾
ֻǣΪʲôҷֿˣ
Լǽ飬ӦúҲɷָǣΪʲôԼᱻؾĿ֮أʼܸоԼȥؾһֽڱΣܿͽ˻
һûйȥˣȻױӰ졣ֻҲûбؾϣѹûн뵽֮Уֲϲµξأֻܵ˳
Сʱֻˡһ鿴ܾͬųͨСε˵
С츳⣬ҲŽȥһؾͺܿˡǣСҲ
һʾòûеõСķ
С֩ĬĬµĽԶԶ
˵ʲôʱĺÿºÿ£Լûиоô
СĬĬԼĽţҲˣҲͳˡ
һڨڨ֣ѵô᣿
ˡ
ģֻҡ
ؾͬ죬ܹؾˣԼĹȥݣԭʼԺʽܿ顣
ؾʲôҲ˽ˡ
ҵ֪ģֻԼƶĿܷΧ֮ŬһؾҪΪõһƽô죿
˻
뵽һʱͷţ
е㵣һ᲻һҲˡ


31 
Ϊһʶ̫ǿˣֻΪʲôԭ
ؾʼСˡ
ǰͻȻ˼Ļÿһؾ˵ζһһʮ˳
һϤĴյĻСȥ
Сܣţп˻տһġ
һﻳĽңͼܹϿһ㲻һĶ
棬ôҲᱻĥİɡ
˴ɴͷƽƽҡϹƶʮλӿɽšɴ˾ѾݸֲԽһɴĻʤߡ
ǸҪһεҵɴľٰ췽һɷ˽
ΪˣһҵڶʮһλǸӵܣɹáͷõһʳʼʽССķһʲơ
ЦĿǳȴ֪ʺԼ·
ƽƽһʼãֱϮɴĿףǽ˾̾ѡ
ƽƽʵһԽǿԽж־͡
ɴЩǷԶ޲òһ顣һԣƩʲô֮ģֻǿһԶҲ˵ɽ֮ģƽƽԶǵһ
һʼˣҲƾԼ׷ȥ
Ҷʮµĺӣ˭ƽƽԣ
ɴỹûнвɵ˶ڴƽƽˡ
֪ƽƽ޸ĸǹ¶ѧƽʱӻ֮Ǿ͸ˡܹúӣŵľ޿ɱġ
ΪƽƽƽϵõʦãҲвٸ߸ϵġˡѵöʾãֻҪܹƽƽǵɣҾܸżȮһ֮ġ
˵ʵҪݵʦãҲĶˡ
˭뱧Ȱ
뻹ˡ
ûô־עͳ͵ˣҲиʵҶˡֻܿܿһƽӹԼѧҵĵһѾ˵¡
ϣŬܻһеġ
̫츳ܻıŬ˸ãԼҲǱС츳͡
ʦãһεɴҲõǰΣвŶܿ㣬ҪôƽƽǴȰ˵
ţĲʺϡ֮ǰдļƻͱ涼ͨˣмӡԸӶңɴ֮Ҿӵʮ꣬һĺǲɴʱܹ̳౻ѡеĺӣҵнˮٶ΢΢Ц
һ꾡ıޱȵӾ;úЦ
ͷϰ廹ûб־PPTʹ컨׹ļƻݱ˵ǺƭġȻҪõԼǵĹɾûôˡ
ԭʦѾֵزˣԭΪֻһʱ˵棬Сˡƽƽɸ̾ˣҲ޷ֻҪҵԼҪģȥͺˡ
ЩжĿƽƽ
ʦֻǲġ
һҪУһÿɵӵ۹⿴ֻƽƽȻ⵫Ҳܹѡ񡣿ϧƽƽԼϲͣȻôɫ̸һҲ
ܹһܹԼѡǶôѵõİ
ʦҪѡһأſѯʵ
ҪȥԨڡƽƽͷԼһѴֲڵľ˵
ľԼ̵ֵģһֱϵһɫĽһγм񵽵ģرÿϴɾ֮͹ԼĽϡ
ȻԼԼĽҪĺÿһЩǡ
Ԩڣ
ףֺö졣
֪ΪʲôֵʱԼ͸ҪͶһ¼Կأ
ĪǣǸɹ˾
Ӧòһεɴɡϸ룬ֲμɴѡ˵Ǻûһɵġ
ţһմССţĿǰֻźʦˡƽƽЦ¶һڰҪȥĻɴˣɵԴбϣҲΪҵʦҿԵõȫࡣ
ǰֵܣⲻǸմҵС˾ȥɻ
ָŰι
һ˵Ĳ̨ʲôȥģ
ҿĵȰ˵һƭ˵ģ˵ǰƭȥӣȻ輦ȥµĵӣһôֵĽǾ񹦣Ȼ󲻶ϴѹ̸̸̸ף㱻˻ҪԼϼۺſǮһǪֲ̇̄ӵĴҵɾԲҪѡ
һԭҷɴڶѾˡ
֪ҲŬû뵽ôŬ
ڼȰ˵ð볤ԨڵƽƽҪѡԨڣһ
ô˵ô
ԨҲôõİɡڵĳԨſǷడԸƽƽӣ֪ǶĻԵô
ʦã֪˼ҪûзţҿܾͲǽˡƽƽЦҵͷҸĸԻʱɽԣСޡĸԲԼҲɥ޿СǷ·Ҿ£ҿѾˡޱһϢʱңҸһҸĸ˳֮ԼµҩңȻѾǸзˡ
ƽƽߣԼֵ䣬Ҳŷһİ̺ۡ
ǸʱҩǮģˡƽƽǳݣȻûգһֱǵáЩһֱڴ˵䣬֪ǳԨڵšֶ飬ΪܳΪĵӣΪשҲǺõġ
ðɣֶȷû˵ġ
ǸˡȻǺˣǾͿȥԣͷĵϰȻɵҡҿ϶ĵ˵ͷҪɷչˣԺҽ̳ĵӣҲƼȥʦġ
ǾʦˡƽƽҲЦ
˶δкõ
һ鿴ɫͻ˲١
ҾӦúƽƽѧѧһѧĵӦе뷨
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һľͰĵݵʦȻСɴĳɼȴǴġй֧֣עѵСעҲõʵʩ¹һ鲻̫ҵҲ֪Ŭ֮£ЩСӵˮƽ˸߳һء
Ȼҽ̵ЩСӵʱ䲻͸Ƿż٣ֵЩСӵĽȷ˸졣
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ʲôĻܻرá
ǣǲеֲ̫˼ˣ
СƺţСţСţС˯ţÿ춼ĵģûлɹؾ١
ôȥҲƾ
ٿߣһˡ
һֱںƽƽһ
ɴʱԭԶԶƽƽһأƽƽģŬͷһٳ¡
˾ģ˯ģչʾԶͯӦеˮƽ
Ҳǰп಻
ƽƽʲô̬ΪʲôԽսԽ£ҲеȣԶԶѷɫԼΪʲôܹô䲻׷
ɴϣƽƽ˵һ
СߵҲһƽƽͬǵһǰʲô׼׼˶壬Ҳ赲ƽƽõһ赲ƽƽҪ볤Ԩڵľġ
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ֻǽĵװ׵˵ѣʵСɵı׶ˣҶļ
һ鿴ЩĻʱڲϵӡ
¼չԽ죬ζؾĿؼԽԽˡ
ĿǰµĽģȻûа볤ԨڣΪһǧѾŵŵӣƽƽڸųԨء
Сǰڵ͵Ǻڰ֮ҲʼڽȱҲ˶٣ۿŶҪᵤˡ
ҡ
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ƽƽѧϰгɣɽȥˡ
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ߣѾƽƽԼսȷһǰ벻֮ͨͬ󣬱˴˶ʲôĽ
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ϧҲжȻҲȥԡ
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ƽƽڽϺúôһЩ¼֮󣬲ɵĲ˲ͷϵ亹
ԭΪԼѧѾˣû뵽ʦϾȻѾɾ֮ͣ£ʦʦǵĿ£ʵڹ̫˳˳ˮˡ
ƽƽúõĲһҵš
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ʦ֣ŲţɽˣҴϲæ˶ϸɫģ׼⣬ʦֿűһСˣлá
ʦҲҪС
ʦ˵ЦˣڹôãΪʲôҪȥУҹЦҪʦʵ£ɼΣǽͨв㣬Ҫȥȼе鷳ȫġ
ðڶѾ˼С˧磬׼úõķչһء
ִʱҲҪһЩƯ˧ˣϧûǮͨԼĴ򹤣ɹı˷主ţôܲԼһ㣿
ƽƽΧһУֿ˿ңͻȻ˫һŹֵĿʵҪô㲻ҪȥޣҪô
ǱԻһ㣬Ļش롣
һæǱߵĻȥںƽƽĲɿ
ɳǰƽƽƽƽԲһ
ζʲô
һ鲻롣
Īǣʵڱֵ̫ڲͬԷؾ˵ע⣿
Ҳǲܡ
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ĳˣƴŻɢҲҪؾɷ棡
УеĶȫСϲƯˣΪµһޣӵж㡣ƽƽ΢ƻ˵ң˿㶼ǳ㣬㣬ǻὫ㵱һݣôڻᣬɹͻϣȴ㳤ϡ
лҲԱ͵Ļش
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״̬£ÿʿشĶӦǵﻰŶԡЩװ̰ȴһ˻Ҫǿ
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ƽƽЩȵĿҡ
ССͣ͸Ķǲе̫ˣ
ֻأϲһ㶼ģ
ֻҪСɡֵĶȹһҵΣҸġĻشԵĻ±ҵɣҲŬˣҲˡĺۣҪԼ˽ʱ䣬ҪҪ°ʱ쵼ܸҷϢҲù
ƽƽԼ⻰ʲȥˡ
ʿͱʿȫһȫȫûж־ڳԺϵǸһףŷԼġ
ǣŮ޵ĵȴʿ֮ΪᶨģĽﻹһĨϣǻϵġ
ңȻǽޣ
⣡
ӿֲǣȻŮӵѡҲܲһܹһĵĻţǻʱ䳤أһʿļѣôԽãܿʱҲԽá
ƽƽأʦ֣ѵҪҪȡĴҪΪһƽƽô
롣Һԥķ񶨵ҳԶҲΪ̫ˣһΪ˱˶ҵһֻΪԼ
ҵĻһڣĻƽƽĻۿĹһ飬˳Ĭ֮С
ƽƽһûΪԼô
һμŵθһεϯ
ص̾Ϣһ


32 
һΪ˱ˣȷΪ˱˶һ׾ֲԼˣ֪ôȥܾ˵⡣ƽƽͻȻЦ綼ڰЦ𶯡
Щڱεͼ䣬Ҳⲻϵ֮бһء
ںƽƽսŵԽԽò̫Ծ
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磬ѧʿһ˸ҶϽ֣
ȵȣȵȣҲˣҲܵġ¸߾˫֣ǰŹҰɣ
ԭ´򶷼ҵƽƽͻȻֹ
СԭҲʼȫֹͣ
ع飬þơ
ֻǲһ·ʲôѿ
ԭڸԻþˣһ˲䶼һɾǿų
ȵǻعѾһ
ȥҡ
ССء۾¼վԼǰСжʹ飬ҾȻںƽƽܣ˵ȥû˻ҵģҸоҲҪˡ
СĬĬŤͷ
ŷǸµĽ鲻֪ʲôʱѾʧˡ
׵ѳɹƾѾڽĴˡǲһȣҪĶҲᵽֵġ²Ųæİ
ܸʵûлβȥĵطҾˣֻ׹ǧ¾ͺá
ƳƳ죬е㲻ζ
ĸһģôоԼôأ
ȻֻСãֻǲ뿪Լġ
һڱȡĵһʱ䣬Ѿ·صҵˡ
ԣؾѾټþˡ
ȻҲԣ
һе¡
ԣþּýؾʿȥƽƽһƽƽһͬţӮƽƽ֮ƾ
ҴͷβûкƽƽԼСӡؾǰȻûܹ˵ԷŬ
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ǵһ˼ұôԼǸϽصȥõʱ˼ҶҾֱˡ
һѳӰзҵС
ҵ
֮źҪ޳

ԭôԣֵȻǼٵģǻþһΣ
Ҿ֪ɹô䵽ֱ΢ĴУ
ǲܷƵģҲ׵ģӲܻôġ
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ˡһһȻ˵꣬ͿϵźͰˣĻô˵ˡ
һںԼˡ
һڰûΪʲôؾİɡ
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һ룬ԼͲҪõĽǨŭһСҲáѾһҾḻĽˣΪôһµС
ˣǺҪ
ҹͣЪҲ֡
㲻ƽƽɡҺܿʰԼ飬ٿǰ˾ʹܹ³ԷʲôˡԷƽƽһüĽбϰ֪þƽƽǸ֪ͼĺˣôҴƽƽʦĽôҲһŴǡ
ȻǡƽƽЦЦתۻΪһƤ԰ףֻݵŮӡ
òڱ˵ʵڳƲǺÿȻһˣԲֻǿòҲͬҪǰŮӵĳɫѾ㹻˺òˡ
ֻһϵ׷ƽƽĻζѡԷһƮɢĹһ΢΢ݱ¼λѡ
ҳŹһŬŬ죬ʾȥ򽻵
ϾݱµԺƽƽϵǳϽȥ׽
һ޶ԡ
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λصģǵͬѾȫӻþˣʱĶҲǵġݱ´Һ͹һڵ뷨˵ұؾ֮飬Ϊƽƽ֮ΪΪޣ޵ͱʿؾȻܻĸӳá
Ͼƽƽ˵Ҳǧʱˡ
һʿɻôޣӵؾȻ֮ܵ
ݱǰ⻨ؾǶ˿ôеûһܲ˼ҹһƽƽȻǰĲϤ
ǧ磬ݱ»֮ôһܹ⻨ؾؾ䣬ܶռԵ߽˼䣬ܹͨ߱ҪĶңҲܴЩʿϻȡһ˿֮ɾҵΪ֮ˣˮĥˡݱȻ֪󣬱һһʮ¶˳
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ǧǰǳƽƽؾ֮һ޷ΪΣֻܸߡݱ̲ס˵£Ѿ̫ã̲סһЩ˵ë
ҵڳһļ
Ǹڡ
˵ˣֻҪ£ԷͶĺִҲֻȥƷĵطˡ
ʱĽ룬ʱֻΪִЩʱҲΪƮĻꡣԼҲܿԼƮδΪߣǷҵĴڡûдֱĽΪ飬Ϊҵһݱ»ҵԻûΡݱ»˵ֿҺ͹һһۣǸʱһλ˵Ľء
ףǿԱģʢĽ顭ҶԷ鲢ôȤΰ¼Ҳܲ³һߣ˼ҶôˣʲôҪ֪
ѵҪڹһǰǰˣúöԱһ˵Ĳô
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ҽǰΣӦҲûйϵ
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룡
Ҵ˿̺һЩǰŮѵŮӣΪָоĲá
ɲʲôˡ
ʢĽǺġݱҲ㵽ֹٶ˵ǳؾ֮ϺõѡԭҲҪΪģֻƽƽ˵ǽޣôӲĨȥҵʶΪ顣ҸлĶ飬һֱ
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аԵζ
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ţǧǰǸʱ˭᲻ϲƽƽأݱºԥĵͷֻǧѹҵҲ˲١ΪһֱϲңֻǵѣҽҲѾѧ˰ɡ
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ƽƽһΪšΪʦֵܡʦĽŬֻǲϲѣòŵǸ
෴˼Ҵȴޣܾһֱ񣬼ⳤԨڵĺ˴Źһ̲סȥؾȥ̽һ
˭֪ǧ궼Ʋ͸Ķеõ˴𰸡
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ܶԷǶ͵Ůӣʧһӵġ
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ô롣
ӦԼĽǰεĶ˷
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ҪȻǺѵġݱµĿŻ㱺һ˿ȷԼĵΣڵϦԼµɿҪ˸ϾɱôӶԼͽܵʬȥһνĽأ
ƽƽʱýĿ˵ʦһնɱ򣬷ֻΪػ½磬Щû۸ǵȫȥ
ֻº󣬷Ҳûа취άǿսһϣ
һսΪ漰̫ĵͳе඼ĳһٲΰģҲֻ֪ţΣҲֻоһе˲Ż֪ˡ
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ֻһڵʿһλҲֻΪԼǹһ飬¶˿֪Լϱʲô
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ǣʲôԲ˼ɵȥɣǺʯͷʲô𡣡նĻشӦǴʦӮˣȻԨҲ
Ȼǡݱͬĸ͵ʣйһԺΪǧĵһҲѣԳΪһࡣ
˲ˣǶ۰ҲľֻܾҪСһһֵĻͺˡû¸ȥȣҲҾѾܺˡ
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ܲ
ݱ¿Ҽᶨӣֿ˿ǰ޲Ĺһ̲סЦ
һĻƽƽĻʲôıأ


33 
ΪһͨؾɹĽЩӦõõġݱ֣üתʧȻº
βݣһǧݵģܴϲǼ
ԭΪܹõһŰݵĻβݾõˡβֶ˵ҲתҪҩ֮һ˵мУȻҲǧͬ
ǧݵĻβݣǽܳ׻Ϊ˵һܼڵѪδʿ֮ĺô
ߵõҩҲܹͬȶͨѪͳܵķɡСԺܵپҪֲ˵˵ĿҲ͸ˡ
ò˵ؾǵĶѾ֮ǰܹ뵽õĽңǱûдﵽͨؾ;Īľͱ˦˳Ҳ˵ڴΪҵԭܵõġ
ӣɾǷˡ
ҵĶѾڹһôȻУҼĿԼϵĺӣе㼤
ͺñԼһĿõֺ֮Ǻǵ׼һ٣ֵλʱԼ˫
ˡ
ûôù
֮ǰؾźֱԲһ㡣ؾȻҲϾûСһţеֲϰߵġ
ϲϲݱЦ֮ǰ˹ͨصֻõһݽҿԽƷߣȴΥԼ֮ǰµԡԼĶϣźá
ķģʲôҶϲ
ĶҪײҪݱôƣ϶Ҳ̫Ķ
ҼĴľϻӣһƯļֵĺɫ¡
̫ˡ
·
ĸŮ˿·ἤʧ
ģûд·ķܸߣǻʿȫһҲܶʲô˺ΪˣķҲԽǿҪ׽٣ҲܹסġݱЩĿ·˲ٹȥķ֯ġ
ʱǴ㴩·ȥƽƽ׵ģϧ֮ǰ¶ڣҲûлᴩˡ
ʲô֣ǿϵϲãʮòܵ
ôƯôķ£ұǧҲҲһݱ¾ô·Լ֮
ͽСƽɡݱһ£һֱûи·ȡ֣ÿһķ¶һ֣ȡʱȴԵлĴ塣
ϣܻ͹һһƽƽġݱش
һòϣҲصĹˡ
һûбôĹ
һʱЩɵţ֪˵ʲô
ǶãǧȥôΡõ⣬Щ޴
桭Ǻ֣ҺϲҵĿڳݶЩ
һҲˣֻһָҲ޸ҪȥѰҸĻ»ҪȥһͬؾһѾں˵һ飬оʣµָڵġݱ֣Ҫ˵ͳ˻ؾ
Ҳֻһˡ
񣬹иĶѾԭٳûɶľΪҲ˲书ԲԴֿɼ
ȻݱȴʱرԼĻ٣˶˳ȥ
Ҫʱ
ԤУԼкһμĻᡣǸʱԼܹﵽһЩ
ôĻԼƲԼ
ֻһΣΪյĶֻǵΪԸ⡣
ԼҲӰѡ
ݱ»ƬƬɢ䣬ܿͻΪء
Źһʱ򣬾Ͷϲ
Ҳ֪ԼҲ¶ҪҾϸڡҺڳһܵļơϵݱµĹȥŲ˵ء
¿ɱ˵Ҫ׶ˡ
û£㲻˵Ҳû¡¶һЦݣ˫쿪ƺҪһӵҪʲôͣǴԷһ꣬Σ
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ģȱľʯˡǺ˵ˣҳԶңҲֳҵԲȥʦڵġҲ϶¶Լһˡ
Ҳæҿգҳ磬Ǹ类ĸΰѳַΪϱĳǣҾǶǵĳһҲ˵ʦķ֮һԴء֩ȻʶżһμʦüƷʯС
ƷʯУ
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ҲԣܹͨˣôǸޣĵرι
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Ҫ֤Լġסͼһз̵̣Ҫˤˡ
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ôһڻԸһһӣɱǶ˭޸ģҸ㣬öҺһ㣬ȻԺֵöϵ
ǺǣǱ֣ǿҵϣΪķ֣ܵһĴңڲôôġ
һ鲻˵ãһ˵꣬̾ͳٶ۵ĸоԼ
Ǽƽ´棬û취·̫ÿ̫ˣŮ޵עĿʱǵ͵һĺãԼʲôʱ߲Ҫϴ̨㹻ıƸ
ҵĽ𵤣ҵʹٶҲ̫˰ɣǰĺüֹ
ⲻ⣿
Ҳ޶ȡҸоôȥҪҶԼ彡ʮֿأܲһ
ˣұǿޱȡֻҪԪӤڣӦٶӦÿԳƽˡһջֻҪÿһСʱĽͿˡ
㻹һɣҾӦòôҵɫ
ʦã߰ɡѾҵļ׼뿪ղںĽ鹵ͨôĽҪҪҲһ£һףһ¡
ϾµСĵµͷϱıء
Ŷҽ
ҾͲȥˣȳ԰ɡһͻȻ͵ȥһҪúں֮ǰջعĲ
ҾЩԡ
СһйŹ֣

˷شʯֱӴҳľ¥ȥ
ؾ֪Ѿȥʱ䡣
ʱԹһؾõôĶҲ㲻ˡ
ǴʽúĽ֮ǰȺúõĽһ¸ǡ˿Ų̫УϣǸܴˣԺ˵кܶһء
ȽúóˣþۺɢԺǲŻиһĺᡣ
Ͼ϶иܡ
Ҳǵĺ⣬һˬĽʳһ顣
Ȼĸʱ֮⡣
СһҲŹֵĺܣһＸûֹҵǰʾںϰߡҲһʵڹ̫ȣҵΪҲӽ𵤳Ҳ˽ڣǿ֧סġ
ҶڹһĹŹֱ֣Խˡ
ںǳһɢﷹ֮໥˴Ѷ˵˵ԼδĴ㡣Ʃ´СȥһƫƧСȥѪͳܴ㷵ʥؽŻβ޲ңǾŹһ˸ٻȥ
ҪǮˣʱҲɣʵǲصȥֵ°ӡ
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ңҲãԼ͹һʱ򷵻ţµȴδʲô¡ڵĹһ˭Ҫһý֮ǰһñ˿ˡ
ʽ֮²ҿȥԽս
֪νĽ֡
ͽڣ൱ƵĴڣҲǽʿʥ֮һֻǽ뽣ڣʿܹõ뽣ֵʿֻܵõ
ڱĽʿĸֽ⡣
˵ԽߣܹܵĽԽ
ʷȽڣʱ仹Ҫ˵ķڽߵĽĽ⣬Żôǿ
ִ˵ûɶƾʵݣвԸȥţҲҪȥһ
Ҷֵطл
ˣҲȥʲô⡣
ԼѽѾͷ۵ˡǰĸʱĽͣϢһ£㻮ˮãѾҪϵˡ
ҪǻĸʱĹʱҪӲˡ
ˣֻҪӰ࣬һж˵
ʱ۵۵㡣
˵ĵ߾ô΢Ѿϰˡ
׵Ѿ㲻ȥҲȥ￴ˡ֮ǰζĿ˵˵ǧ˰ĹӼˣȥһεĽʢᡣҶ˵һֵˣȻ飬вԸ֮Ϊ¡˰ģɸǾɫҲԸ⣬˰ҲӦҵֲǡ
Ҫɡ
Ȼȷʵܲһ뵽ͷϻſСҾֻ㻬ˡ
ĬĬ²ۣ˼Ǵ
˰񰡡
൱۵飬ܹ˰ģǾڿ̵޵ġ籾Ͳȱˣܹӱģָôľɫ
ԭ벻
ϾƽֵǱǰǰһżǵֵȥģһ֮ĺʡʵǿҲϲȥЩˡ
Ԩڰɡ23333˧ǲ٣˧ֻӰ࣬ʵ᲻Ȥ
֪ҾԻȥġ
ʵ̫öˡ
ϲĺÿģ⻹õ˵
ϲϷģҲڰĶеĹһ˵СһҵҲʲô˲˵ģҪҪȥֿ
ôǰȥΧЩ˷ĸְԣһʵֳ
ʲô޳ʲô׷޻᳡ʲôżСʲôֵܽ˽¸ͷƤʲôģ϶ǡ
̫ˡ
Կʵǰѳֲס
ˣҪѧԼ֣
ǱŽޣԨҲвȥֲˣһ黹ҵСžţȻҲȥȴҿȵ
ҿݰҺԥĻشʱһСŮ޸ɵģʲôϵֻҪҲϣ˭ʶң
ôѾҪˣ
Ĳ빦ͣ
룬룡ҼᶨĻشҿżװƣˬһˬԲԼݡ
ݣͿԽܡ
һҲֻܴӦ
ȥԣҪҵġǽ־ô򵥣ܶལҲʧҲҲб׶Ľġ֣ÿһ޶ǺƵġһԺϡһ
Ҳŷһ⽣֣˼ΣֱͬΪ޵ͬѣǾһĳʯǰ͵ͻƣԼҲΪǽһꡣ
һ֪ܲҲĿŹһģΣҿ϶ӵñ˭졣˵Ƕˣôڽ˵ҶþûмˣôȥҶҪǲǱһ˹֣Բҳˡ
ģֻһ˵ѡ
ȻһڽʱȴһֱųĬ
ԭֻǳʿ֮ƺҲоսӲһʱЩ֪ôӺ˵
ɡ
ѲСһǽָ֮ıˣ
Ȼһʼûʲôڵģʵڽ˺Ѳɰ
ĳһ°ʱ䣬͵͵һз໭Ļȥ
˵ͣ˽鶼᳤Լˡ
СһǳԼĻӦòڻôˡȻҾԼܹ˰ĴˣҲƵǸСˣֵƽϻǿõġ
Ҫ˲ùһ򵽶Է
ôпСһþǰηˡ
ȻҾеϸСһһн鳤ԼģĻ˻ܸоﲻ̫ԡ
ǻǰΰɡ
ҪСһŬԼԺ󶼲վˡ
ұĪڴ
ĻǰǼģ͹ǳԨڵǰûʲôӡˡ
춼ܼĶ⣿
Ļ񣬺񻭵Ĳ
ϸоһ»ϷĻȻλʦүӢ䲻ҲͳմϱߡǲǻеˣôǾˣ
СһʵòûôҪǱɳ˹ֻǾˣ㻹ҵСһġҵľͺèһررҪ֪Сһڵױʲôӡ
ʲôӲһ겻
Ǻǡһֻ֡
ǲ
ôǵģԼֲǲ֪
ڴ


34 
иëǰҲֻϵ׽֪
Խ׽Ҫʲô£ԽҪѰʵס
ҪСһƽʱ󷽷ĳ¶棬ĳǧٹ֣ҲʲôĳĲӣ࿴ϰҲͲˡСһôڵģǿҵĺġ
㲻ҪȥȥôȻÿ궼ţĬϵϰһСȣʮһȡ˵ӦС꣬⽫Ϣ㣬½ƲꡣһЩʲô
ϾҲһͬˡ
֪Լʵ󷽵վܹҺĵ÷ֻ΢ԥһһһʱôȥˣٳôҲҲʵʱˡ
ǣҲֻܼô
ˡ
һ룬˱Цһ١
ֻڱЦ֮ǰҪһʱ׼
ǽָ֮ǰһҲرءǽָ֮żҲһЩȥ顣ͻȻͿʼһЩϸ֦ĩڵĶ
磬̲ס֮ǰҳμ¡ʱӡ
ÿϲ
ÿģ˵ٶȶȿ˿Щ
Ǻǡ
ˣȻôΪѣҲǿ㡣ϴȣֲ磬Ҳٸõ·²˳٣ǻȳɡ
Ź֡
ȷСһľģʲôʱ˵
һˡ
ǰా㰾һ˵쵼ܰһɵĽ飿
ڵġ
áһкɣҲһʱӦǲٶʲôԽˡ
һγѵô󷽡
Ǯ˴󣬵｣ڵմ֮󣬻һʯ˷ĵ˼䣬ָСˡ
һ𾪹һ飬ǲǱ˸ˣ
ô󷽵ңڱ쿴ֱӸħǴô
ιιֻǵҪһòá׬ôʯżݳһʲôԣ˵ˣѵ㻹ȥҪȥɱвˣҷʵ
ܺáģһ׬㹻ʯġһ֪ûгͺãҲͲǿˡ
ҵȻġҵ˵ͷڸҵİȫرر㡣
һʱ㵽ڴʲô⣿
ģֻǿ㡣գһ˫޹Ĵ۾ڵʵҹƴڶû⡣ⲻҸоܰô
ͻڴеǿΪ㻹δԪӤ᲻㡣һʵʵĻشֻǻܣһⶼûС
ҿ϶ĵ˵ͷ
վڷ۵ļװϣӸ£ܵķ羰ųȻҲΪ˱еһ羰ߡ
մĽȻܶ࣬ŮҲԲ
Ȼ֪ǸȽĵͳһνļ۸һͨʿҵЩ֮ģ޼ֱĶ죬һ棬һǽ޶Ҫٵһ֡
ȻǸ⡣
Ͼһҷ۵ļ۸񣬿ɲͰ
⣬ΪԪӤּܳǮ۵ŮޣҲǲСƵġû㱾£ôҶԳţֻһССɵĻãһǸɡ
кʿǰҴ֪ǳԨڵĵӣԽĲСˡ
˼ұ󰡡
ԨڣȫһȺǿ׵Ľӣ
磬ˣǳԨڵˣסõķ䡣ҪǶ֣Ѱ·۵һƫƧڣʿһط󷨣һı
ǿûУжô£ֻҪһǼͲüСطҲס˼䣬ʱĺһ֮Ϊ׵ЩۺĿŴӰϳ˶ʼɡЩν֮ӣűݻҹӦоУǲĽ
磬ҷסĶǷǸﶯ֣»ᱻȺ֮ǶֻһЩСȵùЩбģ
һεĿĵؽ˵ǰһЩɢڴ˳ɽǧܹļȫǴɵӡ
Ԥ˵޵ͳˡ
˳ȥյ֮⣬Щޡޡڷ޵ͳֳһ֧Ķ顣ЩĺӣҪɸѡһ飬֮ҪСѡһ飬ʣĲɢޡ
ֻԸߵͣҲп
Щ㳤ƽƽҲк޶۳󳬺ˡ
ԣλΪ׵ΪԼǺߣ֮Ϊɢ޴ΪЩɿΪԼ΢ơ
˭˵ҪӲǺǣҪӡΪ׵ĴǺһЦϵļѾ־ȡǾλŮСϷʱԸķ䣬Ը⸶ˣװװһЩ֮ǵİɡ
ڼװ˺Щ죬˳ϺݺݵһѣÿԵĶǲģ˳ԨڵݣЩʹϵ˻治٣ҪȵЩȴûеȵ
ڻ첻ˣһֹʼʩҪȵˡ
ü۽⡱ĸֶѾдϵļˣҾ֪ЩһϹˡ
ĸʿͨˣǴڵġ
λѣҼڷϲǴȥ֮ҲʲôҪ¡ۻкЩӲܵĿĵأ꼴Ե漸ȤĲϷΣ
νĲϷ˵˾ǶĲ
Ϸڷ֮ͺУҲͬˡֻʿиʶȵֶΣһʱϷչԴʦɹһרΪϷõķ֮ϷѸٷҿ
ҪЩҲûʲôӣӹĻ˳ġһ˳ˣȻҪԼҵӣҲ˵ıܡ
ҲβϷЩϷϺִЩҲ࣬ǻҩġ
ǧֶβ㲻ڵĿƼˮƽҲ廨ţʵһ·
Ϊ壬òѧܹЧģ޷ǾǺȾơơô׶ѡ
ȾҶȥ費̫Уʣµͦеġ磬ΪƶǼ𲽣Ǿֻʣ´һˡ
û뵽ʱײǹˡ
ɡһæȰ赽Ϸ̫ӣ࣬ЩǺ׬µʯҪӻһաҿֱӽǴܼɡ
ôʯƽʱһ㵹νϾ붼׬ġǳϣѪԼĵӳԲϷҵһҪӴĹʦţ
ҵĻҲҪƵҹҹҲĳԲϷС
ǸҲᲩϷʦй涨ܳԴ˵գЩЩ˵
Ϊ׵ѾЦ˻
Щʿﻹ֪˶㡣ǺòȻʲôҪԡöˣֻһưˣະҲˡ
ǿϧʵȥ֮⣬ҲһЩɵĵӺһͬˣȻǽ販Ϸ֮ʵҲڽ۵ҲգҲǿ󡣵ȤԵҲˬĺܣֻһַңתˡ
еִġһ˿Ҫϸ˵һ˵ⲩϷΣϾҳ궼ڳԨڴţƽҲЩ϶ûӴġ
СһڱʲôӣһĺƭֱЦʲôѽ˼ŷ˸ӣľĶѡ㿴ŰɣȻвͬˣʯϲĴǰøַ֪ڲϷ֮׬˴ʯء
˫ֽ棬ǰСһҪܴҼֱҪʲôӡ


35 
һ鷢Լ̫ˡ
һʱЩֲ壬ʱ䳤˵ԼңȻΪʲôԼڸ涼ʸ̵ҵˣôڳȥһʣµĶҷΪأ
ڸңҪרı޲
һĬĬԼο
ͺ˵һģһ
ʱʱͻСʲôڲϷӮһȥȻӮһǧƷʯôô򵥾ӮǮֵҲŸ㣬Ͻģû꣬СЩ˸ˡ֮ĻԴԴϵĴ뵽ҵĶ
΢΢üһоڲС
ˣȫݼһ漶Ĵ̨Ϸʱɱȷ˳ˣ͸Ҫʱʱ̴̿Լʡȡħһߵһɣڲ֮أ㹻ĵƽһҡͷ̾һϵЦݣĵװһ̰ͷСŵҧֱĲֱ㹳
ǡλѣ֮ǰ˵ǸϷĺܼôԿɡҴۣһ·Ӷβˣյ֮ǰǸԼǰ
ǶҪˡҲգҲףǾ漸Ѱɣ㵽ֹþգΣ
û⡣
ǡΪ˰ȫһԼ鷳ǩһ¡ʱڲϷ֮ˣҪ˵ġ
û⡣ˬʵЦҾǵǷծ֮ˣ㿴ҵı֪ΪȡˣһһԼϵĹһ
һģİæһâȻͿ˶Էеľʢ
ȻΪģı䣬˳ˣΪĵΣǻǺõóֵġ
֪ΪΣһҺ˵Ľ֮УĪĸܵһ֮С
ȻԼҪġ
ͬһʱ򣬷ϡ
ΪԨڵӣһѿƵ˴η۵Ŀĵǽ֣Ȼвͬŵʿڽҵһһ
֮ǰÿڷϻҲΪøУ뻹ûȥкԷѾɵ뵽׾ӵ֮С
޹Ȼֱӡ
̰ӡˡ
϶Ҫǵһӵˮ
ʲôˣͲҪͣڹȥˡ
ΪֱӣҶеģֻƽʱɵп֮вٸڵġ
Ȼһɵ
ӣҪȥһŮô
ʲôѵģνˣһջ˭֪Ҫȵǧ󣿿Щţսպ˭߿һۣҪ翵ĶԼˡҵҪһεĽִᣬЩ޻ܲôţƮƮЦŮԼǲһѾ御ʲôþȵģ
ƵҲͬ
ҵġ뻢ڡĲҿǲһѣȻҲ侮ʯ
磬鵭Įǳ¡
ҴŹһ沩ϷС
ȻֻһС䣬Ｗ˲ˣֶĳĸоˡǻ˲һֶĿС
ԭΪԼк־˻ֲϷϴ󣬵Ҳֹ깫ɹһҲƭɵӹǮȻɵġ
ҲǣܹϾӪֶģûʵôУ˵ⱳϴ۵˶һģһͷţƤЩǮʿĵϷۣȥ
ҷȥЩڲϷʿϼֻʣ˿һֱ飬ӮǵĶȶˡ
Ϸˡһ̲סֶӦҪ
˵ġ侲ĻشֻҪڣٲֶңʵĽҲ⡣һСʲôʱͱŸΪӣЧžСᵤɽ۶Ѿˣʲôûмʶܲƭô
ҾͺҪۡ
ⲻɽϺóԺúȵȦһѷȻŷɽ֮ȺָĻصɽϵĲνô
Ʋࡣ
ңҲˡֻǺܶʱܾ񲢲ԼˡһĿңżѣԺ»ħ
˶УҲвҲҪ̸⡣
ȷûнԼתΪ˼ά
ִǰ˼ά磬ǲҪҡ˱ԼϲӡԼԼǰľ顢ǻۡһУǵڳġҡȥô
ǲϲ磬ϲǰҪĮᣬϲûκηȣϲݽ档
Ҳı䡣
дֲΪʲôӦıҪ˳Ӧ硣
ǲ˳Σ
ʿҪ˳ӵĻӦʵʵϲһˣʲôʲôɣ
ģħҲ޷а취ġһԼҲûʲôʸ˵ҡ
Ҳ޷ҺʿһģһĻԼֻʲô״̬ӦѾһ͵ǿĴս˰ɡ
εѣҾôתͷЩĿԱߵˣʲô
Щֻķ˶ѡ׵ǳԨڵӣǾһ㲻һġ־ﳯòϵĽѿ
δ˵ʵʵҡͷ
ܼ򵥡־ҵһȥͱжˡ
Сʵȴ΢ġ
ӦǷһķС־۰ʿٽǷͬһط
һ԰֣ɽͣٲӦоУһЩʿλСЩŽʿҲɼȫ֮С
΢ż֮ˣ
֮Զĳ»ĶǻͨġִƼĵת÷ֱֳ
˼
ⷨˡ۾һµƷˡ
׵Ѻ۹⡣˷ΪϷɽׯʿ޶ܳԪӤڵΪи󷨡ÿһο涼ʮڣÿһ޶ǵС淨Ҳܼ򵥣ֻҪ㿴ĳޣѹעʯɡѺԽ࣬ӮþԽࡣѺעĶʯ̡ݵҩʿԼҲǻյġʤһ޺ѺעߣעĶׯֻȡΪķѶѡ
üһⲻǶ棿
Щһﻹͦ档
ЩȥʿЩΪ沩ϷһҪȥһͼһٷģҲһЩǿ˶עĳȥģȻһЩǱ˺ơڴ֮ǰģ廨ţʲôС
׵ѣֻҪ㿴ʿͿעˡһֵĶĽҪʼˡҲǽޣضԽ޸зֱҲǿرҵãŴġ־Щ̰ĿһҵĽѾŵʱԼѽȥֻ֣ʲôĻˡ
ɳܣýޣȻΪȡֵĶЩĽޣñظĽղܳһ̾ըˣϷͲϷôн޻óΪȡֵĶ
ʿأ޵Ľأ
Ȿ»Ҫȥֱ֣ýĨӻһ㡣
㿴ôѵǡЦеĿĹһģеĻᣬܸộиں汣ݻʱɲҪ飬ҪǵúúñҰ
ƶĶ
ΪʱĽӰˣôܶЩڶӶ
ģƴŽѣҲỤȫġһᶨƵҪʲôȥˣһ֧㡣
ҵ۾
ĽôһСɵأ
ȻмɵĿɰˡ


36 
ʲôѺעѺעı׼ôЩǵʵһѺǮ̫ٻ̫࣬˿ô죿
Ǿǵˡ־Խ϶ǰʿǸСˣⶼ֪ׯֻȡȻڲ֮أҪ׬ǮƾˡôطͨϵĻѿɲһǰ
˼ǣׯһὫάƽô
֮ġ־ɣ˵Ķңɲһˡ
ǾͺáҵͷɬЦЦƺѾ¶˾ġ
׵ѣЩѾ׼ʼˡ֮У˭˳յأҪѺע׵ĻѺעڶҲǿԵġһϷɽׯĿҲҪķѲԴģṩĶĲ淨̫ˣֻܾǵѺעͬһҽѺעĽޡеĽΪ˵ϾڴѾüζѾڱ֮лǰĺóɼѺעȻ治ߣҲڻ̫ҡ
ССӮϼѻϼѣһԣʼѺԼȫң⿴ġ
ΪЩ֮ߵģȣѾ˼ɢ֮࣬ѡһ˵ҪϷ׻ȥѾطǲĿұƭЩʯ
Щʯô˵ҲвǮ
ô£
ŶӦѺ˭ʵǰ̽һǵľģѺעˡ˵ѺĸѺĸҲһ档
һĴʮ˸ޣȻѺע
˵˵˶Ǹȹ̡нϢӣʵӦʮ˸֮ǿġ
ĬĬ̾һһ黹ǵ˵㣬ǺԥͳʯѺϡ
׵۹ˡ־ԼҲǶеģȻʮ˸޵ľʵΣû뵽޴Ů޾Ȼô̵ʱ֮ھֱܷЩ޵ĸߵ͡
ȻǱĳԨڵô
ܺá
ԽţԽҪ;ز۵ģ
Ҳ˼ͷֻԼҪ̫Ҿͺˡ
ԤУ׵Ӯġ
ʮ˸޽ϷɽׯΪҪʱ䣬ԺŻ³һˣⳡϷʿ֮ڶεطϵĹ۲ʮ˸޵ľٶȻԼеʯʹѺעԣȡ󻯡
ǲ̰һֱǣֺʶĻҲܹ׬һʲƵʯġ
֮ⷿУһˡ
ЩˡѾ˼ʱˣ˼εѣҪȥˡ
һֱɵ̫ˣʱȥء
׵ѣ˼ʱѡ־Щˣ˶ϵһ˵ҪȥģҲõȴ֮ɡ
ˣʦҲ֪涨ǺϸġұӣѧΪҪиֱ׳Ļش
һ鶼Ҫҵ޳ˡ
Ҫɡ
ԨڵŹʲôʱʹ
ŶҪǮʱ͸ʹƽʱѹ͵Ź治ڵġ
׵ѲǴŵӣ־类˹һɫһѿ
һģһʱҲ⡣˵ˣһСǮѣҲġεѣ㡣˵꣬Ļӻ뿪ղѾѺע˸Ͳһ
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һҪŮҵУ
һСǮһɡ
أǲŲһСǮˣΪŵʮĹʡأҺò׷ĺƣôѺˡһصԼķ䣬ʹļҪᡣ
ղŲǺô֮ǰ㻨ǮҲܴ󷽰
ôһһǮǸԼĵģǮ͵ڴˮƯˡŶҲǴˮƯ˵ΪõҸǮǮһǿ׬ġ
㻹
Ȼ֪׬Ǯһǵİôҷʵ
һ߼Ҳԣ־úﲻ̫ԡ뵽ÿһҽӮΨѧľתƻͱ졣
ʱ仹磬ɣȻױЩϷ˷֡
ҽÿһνҪϸҰѼӰѸ׬ҧҧݺݵ˵
Ȼǡ
ĸʱʱ仹ûеأֲ˵Ӱѵʱ
һֻٶȱ졣
ϾÿȽϴʱЧҲͻԽߡ
Ĳ˵츳ͱһһĺáϹһҲָһ䣬ָҵĽʱ͸ˮ˶ۿɼĽ
ÿ춼һ߱Թǿ̫һ߶ΪҪüӰƣ֮ĻŬ
־൱ǿ
ڵĽ𵤵ĵϷˡ
һȫ޷ĨϵǸʲôԭ
ҹʱҷһֽҡҡڰڡ
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ȥĽȻвΧۣܣ֪ȥĽģӦֻк־ǸһڶĽ˲ǡСһҼǵӦûʶ˰ɡ
Ӧ˲ļϵƭԲġ
⵹˼ˡϵЦͻȻ˲٣Ҳǻк˴ڵġ
ܿϧʱҪ˵ڴˡ
ڶ죬ȥĽķһ֮ǰѺע޵ıֶʻڳߡϸ˷ĸʿǵķ廨ţһڲͬ磬ûһġεʱҲûһ˸ĳȷϢ
ԷҲҪԼ
׵ڿʲô־ƺ죬ӲŹôһ㣬ҪǸⶼҵҲֳܷɵġ
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޵ͳеӣŮҲղ١
Ů֮ϵĽ޲Ա֣֮ɡͳ塢֮⡣Ů֮һ죬ڷǰֵһᡣ
Ҳˡ־ЦģֲʲôħߣȻз
ΪҶ࿴һλŮ޼ۣŮ̧ͷҲҶۡ
λŮ޳ۿɼͨ
Ƥ׵Ĺ֣ҲĿ
ȻҲм֮ɫôôеŤ
Ůޣе˼Ҫȼ
Ҿ͸ˡڷ˼䣬װģƺĲϷȤ˺־θ֮ߵġ
ת۾˵졣
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֮ǰѺֻһ˽ǰ󡣵ҲûпСС׬һ׬Ĳࡣ
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ⲻܣǵΪôܶÿףһȫţõ˿϶ۺʵǿģôҲ̭ǡ
ȻΪʮ˸һׯҵˡǸʱͬˣ֮ǰɺϽѡָ̭Ȼׯô׬ǮȻ˵۹ʿǣ沩ϷʿծΪ̫Լ۹ˡ
һû뵽Щ˾Ȼô޳ܣ
ΪһעӮĲϷ
û뵽̫ˡ
ֱӽȥЩϷɽׯٵеǮѺԼһһģĿԽǵͷȫ򱬡
ҪǸôҾȴͷҺݺݵķ˸ۣҪ£ҲȽǱƵû취ˣȶ֣ԱС˼ȫ򱬣ⲻǰô
˵ˣҲǺİ
иõİ취㹻Щһˡ
˵꣬Ҳװһûڵ־ûҲܺڣһҲôѺעˡ
һΣԵڶһҲֻǽӮˣָҲʵޣڶȻߣѺĶˣӦҲ׬һЩ־ְæ⡣
֮ǰѾһ⣬ûãʧ
һΣ־ĶԷĻ
ͬѾùˡ
ȻЩʯȫѹһεĵڶҺԥĻش
ϣһΣҵʯѾһȥ
ΣӮһûлر
ĴѺעҲûӮͷùǮȫ˽ȥ
ҳױסˣֱըˣĽ÷ʿ̲סһá
С｣Ϊ
Ҫ³ϷɽׯҰеǮӮ
˾ˣӮˡ
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Ҵ˿̵ӣѾݼܹﵽĳ̶ˡ
ȷڻʵ
ϾЩʯȥġ
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һҲͳû˹ˡ
ޣĹ򶼲أǾͲҪݵˡ
׵ѣϵʯѾˣ绹ˣ̫á־εĵͷҵĴҲôǻ߰ɡ
ľҪӮһóһʯҪһⱾеˡ̫ˣû̫ʯˣҪһճɣӦпֵ˰ɡ
ȻС־֪ҴѺϵıˣﻹܲڣ
ǾͺáҸź־һȥҲҪһĶֵǮ
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Щǵ͹һɱǸԪӤħ޵ղءֻǸʱͷǲóȻ֡ʱǨֻһ磬ЩҲͿ׼ˡ
λѣƷʶƵеȡһлᦣԪӤʿҲõãټֵǧƷʯʣĻһǧƷʯѵͱȽͨˣֵֻܼǧƷʯ
ȻѹۣǮҲǹˡ
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һҽЩôͻһʵĽˡ
ңѾô಻ķó䵱ôϵһѽָüֵΣ
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֪Щֵܼƣû뵽ȻôֵǮ
ֲôҶϲڳԺڣԭڳԺ׬Ǯ
׵ѣЩ㶼ҪѺעڶô־ŬѹԼĲ֮ǰСǻҪ嶯ҺּȻǴһֻķ
ִӽָóһģһľϻͬʱ˽ȥ
ڹϻ֮ҵǵ棬ֱһһʶͻ󷨡
룬ҾòϷֶ໹ǿ˵ġһν֮УҵʵǲֻܼˡҰ̾˵ԣҪһεΣ
ʲô־ƺЩֲʲô
Ҫʲô
Ҳ֪ϻװķ׼ֵ٣ҴͶ΢΢Цεѣ˵һֽäеϷôǾõһϻ֮ǰԶҲ֪ϻĶǴ洦ɼģѵһ䱦ֻڴϻ֮Żֵֶ֪ͲϷǺô
˭Ҳ֪ʮ˸޵˭Ӯ
ͬģ򿪺ӣ˭Ҳ֪ҵĺﵽװʲôȻҲͲ֪˭ѺעĶġ
Ѻ⼸ɡֽϻӷֱѺעȫעĽϡ
һоɣ˵أεѣ
ڶĲʿҲסˡ
ǴûϾȻĲ˻ֶΣ
ǸŮޣǾȵĿҼۣ۾ܿ˿
ҲѺŮ޵ϣҲͬ飬漴ʼѺע
ﲻѾĺ۵ʿ淨Ҳĸое̲ص̵ĺ塣

ʵǶҲиоôֻ࣬ΪãΪطˡֻƵ£ûֻ֤֤ܼڴܹ֮ǰǮȫ׬
ԽҪرǷҲԽҡ
ǲϷɽׯʮޣΪеǮԲȥծôһǽ֮սôһϾͿǷ֮ս֮ս֮ս
ͺඥһ㣬˲
ȻȻôô
Ȼĳ˵ԼۣͯôעʱøӽԼĶעѺҲ涨İɡ˵ˣǲǱԼԲǧôֻҪȡɵķķѾˣԼǶźˡ
Ը⣡
ϵһʱӲ
һ飬ⶸȻת˵գҲоһɱǿ
ô
ҪҪ³ȥϷɽׯٵʱֻôƮƮϻӣͿҪϷɽׯĹ򶼸߸ˡ
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Դÿĵ׶һЩʲôΪʲôÿһθ鶼ݵسԤϣ־ȷܹ顣
ǲǾҾڿеġħħ
־
ֻȷԼʮ൱һҪŮʬΣ


37 
ׯҪ׬Ǯ޷Ǿǲٿʡ
ĲȫׯҪҪʣˣԲٿزϷׯңиİֶΣֻܱ֤ԼԴϡϷɽׯɾһֻ½𵰵ļ
ŪһäעԼѺעĶֵǮһҲͰˣ˶һ档ôһׯҲ֪ЩͽѺע˭ϵǮ࣬ȻҲûа취档
õĻҲӮһĻ˵Ҫ⡣
־һԼʧ֣ԼҪȥˣ
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εѣɫƺеѿװһģЦеĿ־ò˰ɡ
Ǻǣʲôġ־ڨڨĲ˲ͷϵ亹ֻעʽ
ӮⳡЩǵ飬Ƕ⣬Ҳ⡣
ҵ˼ǣЩ޸ողŴһβϷɽׯӦҪúϢһ¡ȺӺúñһ̸̸Ӧô졣ԺäѺעķʽȥҪĥܡ
εѣ֮ǰԼϣɲôдİҳ̾һƵдˣѺע֮󷴻ڻׯҷڣҪ⳥Ұٱĵȼʯ˵Ҫ⳥أ⳥һ˿»̫ϻôĵء
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ЩϵʿѾڳôǮﻹʲôֵǮ䱦һαţÿ׵ʿһһֱƽƽˣѺע˸ûôһεĲɽׯǲû䣬ӮһСѡ
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־Ů޵ĻԽ϶ҳӵġôĶֻ˵ţŮ޺ԥĽһСעԾҪ
ǹģг𣿡־۾Ѿˡ

ǱҲ⣡
ĻǺεҵѽ޹Ŀź־˵⳥ĻҾֻȥҷ۵ˡʿĵص沩ϷȴԸ⸶ӦĶע룬ܵҶһ
ֻҪռ˵Ƹߵ㣬Ǿôˡ
ҡҡҺƴˣ־ۿѪеĳѾֱӰ˳
ֵزҲûʲô³ˡ֮ǰҲҪ˵Ůɱ˭Ҳúá
־ȻŲ̫УϾҲǽ𵤺Ϊ
㽣ܴΪԼΪϻǿҲٵط
ߵİˮǲֻʲôһ뿪ѵﻹкùӳԣ
䲻𣬴ˡҲŲɵխĵطЩ˴ء
ܳȥ߿ǡ
תܣͺѾǰһ˲ѾûӰ
־Ҳ׷ȥ
ĳʿЩ㶣ϺܿҲֳ˿Ϸļƣ׷׸ϡ
֮ǰҵǸŮվԭ΢Цûżǰ
㷽Żѩ̿ôˣԱߵһ˿Ů޺ʵ
Ůֻ˫ֺʮӷƶֻԶİˡλŮѡòǰæ
һѽϴһ޵ĵϣʾķͬ졣
֮ǰۣΪֻ;С֮Ҫ뿪˴뷴Ŀǳˡ
ȻҲһεĽִᣬʵǽĽ
޵ͳȻ˥䣬ӵž޵ĵӳ֡
Ԩʲôʱĵӣ˵ֻǽųԨ֮أ
ٿߣѾڷϺݺݵһͨ
ʲô䲻ʹˡ˾ȻͲϷԱһǷϷⲻʯҪɱˡ֮עĻѭ˵
˵۵ʿ֣Ҫ鵽׷չʲôز
Ƿ۵ߣͷۡ
յʯĳЩһֻ۱һֻ۰ˣôֵز˽ֳĵĴҲͺˣ˶֪ˣˡ
Ըķ䣬ʲôⲻģ
ۡ
ϵ˾ͲܳЩôǳֵģСϢˡ

ϵ˲ֻ̫࣬ǺµԼ˳㿴ֶѡ
־Ҳ֪Լȥ
Ѿȫ׼
ھ֣ǵʱûкùӳԡ
־ԽԽǰЩִ̰ָľʱ·ɽһ㳯ѹ˹
۾֪Ѿʺɫ
ԵģԽΧһжôİۡ
ƾʲôЩ˾ܸ߸ϣƾʲôǾ￴Լˣ
Щ֮ڶĳ̬ҲǳĲֱӣûκε
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ЩˣЩڷϵˣЩڷϿСһ˶
־ϵͻȻǣϵϢҲԽԽ˲顣
磬ǸϽȻȥߵѾˣ⳥֮취һС̲סǰҪ־ߡɲΪµԼҲɨسšǴ̨ˣԼ˵λء
Ҫˣôǲǣ־ĿŹȰ˵ԼСܣ֪ʲôһֱǲǣ
硭㲻ҪȥŮˡСҲԹ
ǰ־һݣӦĻ
硭СҪ˵ͻȻŵĵͷ
һѾᴩĵڵĽ𵤱ת۾Ѿ˺־С
һɱǸŮ˵־ͳСܵĽ𵤣ѪԥĽ븹С
ħ壬ҪħˡһҵҪСģƫִʿʱѶԸ
˵ǲ̫İԼҪġЩʿˣʿɾȫĵͶ뵽ϽԼôҲ׷ϱˣҪа׬Ǯֳеʧܵĺǽǵıתħ
ɱ㡪־оԼԴԴϵ
ǰңԽ
һŮޣϵıͬΪڣĸԱԼӴһ·ۣʹűǰȥ֣
Ҫɱ
ôһţҲҪԼᣡ
־ĽħȻɱ磬һʱ˵ƷԦ˽֮ϡ
ֱٱķӣ˭Ҳǲǵġ
ϣûһʿԸʱæ
սң
һҲˡ
ħʿȫƴ˲ҪļģһסʱߵĽһоҪƽ׶¶
ҪȽˣ
ʱչͬʱӳҺеĹһȫȫڸϵйʶҵĽ֮£ҲͻƣóȻֻ̽Լʶ
ֻܱ֤ҺԼܲᱻ˷֡
ҸоԼֱס
ĺ󷽣ѾܹоһԴʵڵǡ
һȻѾʼʵˣ
һСָǣôô
ȫŹһı¡
һ־ʵһ£ԼҲǴùģǹһʱеҵ˼ˡ
ȫûȥ־Ρ
΢΢ͷתͷȥ˹һӡ
̧ͷ֮ǰѾ˳ЦСһ׼˷ָ֮󵽵׻ʲôͺͷҲǲܡ
̧ͷ֮󣬾ʲô뷨ûˡ
ԺһƬհס
ãͺ־ĴѾȫĻˣЩָǡ
ŻСʱԼЩ·С˵д
ԭЩС˵Ȼƭ˵ġ
ǰЩǿһɱ˶ĹС˵Ůǣˣ


38 
Ҿˡ
ֻߣڲ֪ʱִԽһأûзߵĸı䣿
ճյĶŹһ³ûȥԼڻġ
߶۵ģǰҲǱöһ
һˡ
һҴԽ֮үڴģҪԼĲˡ
ˮˣһЩܻûУ
ף
Ҵӻоѡ
ôеģ
ŮľΧ̾ʧӰˡ
ұеġҴˣʣµԼһҷŵ񣬸Ķ£ɴһ̵ĻصôҲϳˡ
ĥһ£ҲܹСһ顣
˵СһڳһžǰʦĻ

֪Ϊʲôʦүĸ˴ô಻۵ҪͷΪˡ
Ҳ֪жΪġ
Ҳûмˡ
֮ǰ£ƵǸǧСһ־ԵòǰԵЩڹѵˡ
ݴҲ˵ȥôס˵ҪСһĻžʵڵġ
ؾСһн飬ҲẬὫԼȥ׷
֪Сһõȥʲôֿˣ
ϧСһƤͿһ۾ͻ𼱻ǵĻȥˡ
ǰɣ⡣
ҺǳԼϡ
ҶԼǺ֪֮ģ̫ÿûоԵʵǾһѡԼڵòͺ⣬ȻʲôˣҲƵǸˣǿҲܹԷֲµļҪСһԼϣһӲţȻߵ鷳͸
飬һعŷСһѾٿԼ֣һ˺־ĵ֮УΪһˡ
ɱźãһӹء򹷻ÿˣֻҪûҵĶʣɲǱˡҲͬ˹һĴ÷ʽͺ־ﱾ˵ܸϣﱻɱɣ뻹ʹ졣
ͲǿҲܶԸһҪ͸ˣ־ҲǸӹ⣬ƫƫղһװŵӣųֵġ
еǰﻹܲڴʲô⣿
ڹһҲǸǨŭˡ
ֻܹԼ޴ܺ
ɢȥ³ǰ
ڷԱ߲ԶмʿζĿ
СŮ޶Ľ֪ļҵĵӣһ˫һ«ϣḧԼĺ뿴ʵ
ԨڡҳλΪ߹Լٵִһ
ϰײˡ
ֲáЦЦֿԱһţѾָĺ־һ֣ͽ˹ȥ
ĪĪϡ־ˣŵڴҡΪȫ٣ǸŮ
죡Īͷҧɫ
ҵȻǼù⣬˽ôʳԷϻҪһģġ־ﶯɱ˵ҪˣҪǴȥ⻹ôܹɱˣҲı£˼ҷɱ
˼һһֻǷΪѡ
˼ҵ
ԭĪϡҹЦԴȥǮ
ģ֮ǰѺȥǮǶһһʮ㡣ֻϰʯô״յģ¸ַʱǸ͹ȥĪȫܻˡ
ϰʯ
̳ҿ˹ȥ
ֲҪ֡
ôʯǻʿҲûҡ
һʱ䣬˿ҵĿⶼĸӡ
ͷӣҿǰɡ
볤ǽʯ͵ԨڲôҹЦʱȻҵʦְҽʯ¡
ʱ򣬲ִʱ
áĪ￴˿ң˵ҲףԸõƽ˳죬ڽһٳˡ
ô˶֪ҼֵôʯҪҪ֮ꡣ
ǳԨڣҲδܹס
ҪռǵıˣҲҪԼû
ĪϴĻĺ־ܿ뿪ҿһ۷ϵˣҲǹ뿪
۵ĴƱǲˣһôûС
ֽ˼Ҫٸƶʿ֮Ҽ򵥸ƺ·λʦִѶ֮󣬲˸طװ
㵹ǲŻᷢƽαװˡһ鿴ͿͿĨĨЩ̫⡣
ȴ˵õҩ߷װױ˿ͨĻױΪȻʿõ
ϰƷʯͣ¸Լױ֣ζ˶Ӳġڹ˾ֵĺʮҪλԼô쵼ǿ׼ҲְȻҺܶ಻ҵĹҼӰࡣڴҶ֪Ǯˣϡ⹤ĻǷҿͿġϾҿʱ˵ġ
˵ˣ󲻻磬ҹС
ʲôȤԣ
ڳԨھ֪ƽӣҲúúòΪȥϾϴôʯﶼܻĺܺá
ǰϰû
֪ڹ˾ڵλЩͥԣͬ£ܹȼͥһ˻øȨ
쵼ʮĳ˼ҿĳ
һ棬쵼ûеǳ˼ҡ
˷񣬶ۿɼƽΪСҲǸ˲ˣɵֲʲô°ܻ¡ܹһ㲩Ϸϰʯ˵ȥӣԨڲ»
ǮͻиȨ
ӦҲƶһҽе̫ˡ
ЩţǱǮĶ࣬ȻƶǳԨôӣҵġҲЩڵĴΣ
ҿž۾һ촽һûʲôı仯һʵ˵
ˣһֱн飬϶ڵòֱðɡ֮ǰճţڷ͡硢ױȫˣһϲҵġڿʼҾɢСˡҿ˿ˮһϮͷڵԼŵмζ
ôһħŮǸֽĽޡ
Ǻϸαװ
һ۾˾ԼǸޡ
ͦÿġһ黹Ŀ䣬·Ҳͦġ
ҰǼƽ´ˣͲˡҺٺһЦ˶ңҪҾò˼
ҲԼҪӵġһʮƣģһָʵ֮󣬾ܸԼǣʱҾͽԼӡ
𡣡û뵽СһȻ˸Լݵ뷨
Ϊ˱øÿãҪԼøѿ
ȵȣΪʦүָǵĻôҲζʦү֮ǰҲӡŵĻʦүʵĳ࡭ʦүòҲԼ˸ɡҾԼܲ͸ʲôʷܣܺ͸Ҳûɶá
ӦðɡһͷΪޣȻҪһŸӶ
࣬ʵеڡڲˡ
һͦĵģȻҲһһˡ
СһⱲҲûʲôӦңһӶҪݣͱôʵ˵Ͼҵˣͽҵɡ
ôÿ޲ȥһʱʱ̵̿ĿŶ塣
СһȻҪݣ
С
ԲС
ǱﰡҪǴġ
˼Ůﾫĵ̳ͱô춼Ҫȥĺô
ûиԼݣЩǰԸĳУսҪһ롣İĽ߾ŴŶŸȦȳţ׷Լȥǽȥˡ
鷳
û£ҸߣԺһ˿ˡҺԥ˵ǧԱ㣬Ժʲôӹ֬׷Ҷˡ
컬ĵǺ˭ѧģһóԨӦĵӡ
Աģʵ⡣ҲҪĻشģҿ϶ܹġ
ÿһʱĽɡһû˵
һһ롣Ҳ˵ֻܱ֤ϰĸʱұ֤úҪҼӰ࣬ҾͲұ֤ѧϲˡ
㣡
ˣҲȥʮµĽʣ㻻áҲ˵ˣҪҲ㻻һɫĽʰɡ
ⶼѾˣõң
һĬˡ
ˣ⽣ɫ
ͷβȻһµһĸһһֲֻõĺɫʣ滹Ƕ˱ʯ֡
ôôǱҵС㣬Ƴ徲ΪȻĵȫһ
һ·ϣҲ֪ջ˶Ŀ⣬ҲȻ壬һҺķۣʻ򽣵֡
һ߲ʵɽ֮ϡ
ƶͣΧ磬ʱв֪˶ٶҩĶһʿóȻӽǲҲҪѲƤ
Σ֮Ͱл
ڽԱߣһΪҩ
ҩԼĪָֻСԲԲװ׵һʮֵĲۣȴķַ֮ҩҲʿҲмãгмС
һ˵ڽﴳĽޣɬܳûժȡһЩʯҲһ׵Ľܴһʵʱ򡣹ʶ⽣֣ÿ궼ǰ
ֻǷʮܳһ硣˽ִҲʮһȣһСȡС֮꣬ǰμӵĽޣΧ۵ԱȴĴ֮ꡣ
ȻĻ˵˰ϵʿǰֵġ
Ȼ޴үɶÿģȥִΧʿֿɴ˿ɼЩ˵ĴҲǼΪġ
ȵĻְʵִȦĴ̫ࡣսȻǹעʿʵķ˿˰Ĺעľʿֵķ˿һΣҷ˿ˣȻͶˡ
ҵʱеʱ㽣ָŵĵضûˡȻҪԸݵĻԨиڵפջסĶǳԨڵӡ
ҪȥˣαװͲˡ
ǵ취С
ڼãҵһнˣһʲƵļ۸ɹõˡţƱɹפһĿջ䡣Ǯȿȣû£ϾҪаʯ˵ĸˣСǮҲܷϡ
ôοԼٻе㲻
ƿջƷ䣬ҾȻ˼ʯôǮ㹻ҽƿջˡ
ĸʱţ˺޵ġ
ܱ޴ŵǿһԺȰ˵
ס֮ʹӽƮ˳ʱѾһɫߣ·Ҳû˺ɫ˼ɱ֮УǿѹŮԻò
ϢЩǰһһô˵
ʦүһ¡Ҵ˸ǷҲˣҺۣҪ˯˯ٳȥʳ˵иɫ¥Ĳõĸһ磬˯˾ȥҪǾģԳȥһ䡣ﵽǽ飬㲻ۣ㻨ǮҸˣԼŻٳ֧Լȥ׬
һ˵ͷҲȷҪȥĽʲô
ڱĵطѵһĴڡ
ִͲôϡˡ
ʱʱľнϷƮнᵽֲԼģ˴Ѿֲˡ
һҲʵĺܡ
ǵһĻȥͱĽǼ档
Բܶ
һʱͻȻʼ
һһʱھʹҸ㻨Ǯ˼õ̡
ǡҲ
ƹģ֮ǰҪǸĵûУӳһģһ߸׳׳Ľ飬Էһļ⣬ۻأԷҲӢ䲻һ룬ùһĽѡ
ҪҲܳͺˡ
Ǻܽ鰡ҪļĵǵˣΪȽ⣬֮ǰļ۸ǲˡ߹ǽ۾ͲֹǸƹҲһΪĸ֣ڴ˴Ӫ̶꣬Ľ಻ʤǰԽϹϾģЩͱʲôҲûʲô
һҪ˵ĻЩԸձȽϱ꽾ݣΪǵ˶ǶǺóԺúȵĹšЩǻٻʲôҲǵ⳥߿϶ġ
ҪʯܽȽԸº͵֦ͣҶɽȻͬҲԼڵľʵ˵ϺáƽΪѾѲʯˣһεĽ֮УѸǾ޴
ɼĶ齣˵ǸöİսҲܶ༸ʤ㡣
ǰֻҪǧƷʯҪһˡƹĻش
ܽͬĽ׷׵һԼͬҲ̫ˣ
ϵǮûô࣬඼ѾǷˣҪҪô
λҵϹ˿ˣӦ֪ҲʨӴ󿪿ڵģʵⶫҪ˶࣬ۡƹҲü⻹㵽ģձƶֻˡ
һ鿴˿Ҹ㻨Ǯ
Ʒʯ
һʱˬˡ
ҳϢˣ֪ˡ


39 
ܽͬĽԶ޷ܽһļ۸
ܹճǧƷʯǽʳĽˡ
ǸҲǾǧƷʯĲٵˡƹҲ꣬ڽ֮ǰҲû뵽ĵļ۸ǵزǵˣΣǱ֪ˣٲҪ鷳
ܽ黹ɫ
İǧƷʯҪˡ˳㣬һĶһʱſ˵ȻûǮԼҲǶ֮áߣһﲻԸӰӵǾֻܽһˡ
缫ʲôģҲõϰ
ⶫԽ˵СҲֲʱǼۡ
ƹĺͺܽŷԱ߾Ȼһڡ
ֻѾʵ壬һ鿴⻹ֵģһǸճõС飬ϵĽȽºͣϹһһֱԱĬģע⡣
֪һ⽫ԼϵĽĸɸɾΪľǲñע⵽
ôǶܽԱߵǸͲס
˺ܾãûзҪ˼һֱԲҪĻҾͲˡǣǵ򣿡
ȻҪģⲻû㹻ʯô
鶼˵ˡ
ƹĿ˿һ飬ֿ˿òʯĺܽ飬ϵѡ˸ʺԼĹ˿͡
ȵҴʱ򣬿ľǹһüЦϵһѶ
ҵ۽ЩЩɡ
ԼСһ㻨Ǯòȫ˰ɣ
ЩҸġһȫûзҵãȻЦеĸҽԼҺƹĿ˼۸ĶУõĶ˭ƭҡ㿴ľͲǽҵĽôʱ򣬽ϾͻԴһɱ֮⣬ɱ
ע⣬һںϲĽԼĶʱȡġ
ҵڷĶš
һŭҸĿһ㻨ǮȻһ͸һ˶ľȻǰ칫Ʒ
һȻ΢ȴɺӣôĽ齫е㻨Ǯˣ㻹ʲôģ
󣬻ǸռϷ硣
ҲҪ̫ˡ
ִᣬôٵģ㻨ǮͲ֪ԼʲôˡٿСһ㻨Ǯ֮ҲŸ
Ȼϲ
Сһ㻨Ǯʣ٣һ̲ס˳ֻʵʱĬĬƿ߲ȥСһõʱԼֱɫԻǡ
ʣһǧƷʯĶҶۣ϶Ҳϲһ˵
Ĳ˹һĸˣܸˡ
ҲûСһӲһһɵ
ȡ
ʵǱĽ˶ѡ
ܹĽޣ˵ǽٮٮˡ
һ˵ҲǸ洫ӣ滹ʦ֡
ǣһн洫ӵʦԼ˳Ҳ˽ġ
Ǯٶȣˮһ㡣
ܽˣѾƵǺǮˡ
ǧƷʯһ·Ļ˵Ǻܽһ˲񣬿˲ħ֮ŵʯ
û취ֻǵĴķ˲ơ
ҲֻôǮˡ
Ҳһֱȥƿ˼Ҹ㲩Ϸ˵ӣȻǲһˡ
ˣڹһˬĻһƷʯ˵⻹ֻǽġ㻨Ǯ֮󣬺ܽͺεıԼĽ
һ߸̾Լʵڲ׬ǮһʮֺƤ̾βܵһ顣
Ȼһûʲôļ䣬ԾԼҲǽǰˣݺݵĹһѡΪʦ񫡣
ֻоǰܵĴ죬ڱĽﲹˡ
û뵽СһüĿļһȻҲôӣ
ˡ
ʣһǧʯ֤Ǻּܳҵģûкǰһȫܹⲻ˵ծۡ
һˣǮôУ
ҶԼǺ֪֮ġ
ϢϣһʱĽ֮ҲŴСһ˽ֵɽŴ
Ľ޾͸ˡ
˵˳϶ǽޡ
ǾǳԨڵӣ
Ȼɷʮ㡣
Ǳߺ彣ڵĵӣŶһҪ档
Ҳһ㿴һĻûгء
˵ǵһڣ
ڵĽһ˵Ҳ˲żüãһҲˡ
ð

Χ۵ĽԵüˣû뵽һεĽִȻ˷ţЩҲˣΪľǴһ֡
ȻҲԼŵĵǡ
Сһ㿴Ϊ׵һŵӣԨڵĴʦַӣû뵽һӡѾԪӤ۷ΪҲʱͻƵĹֻҪԪӤںúôĥһֱѹԼΪˡҲʮͷ˵еš츳˵㡣ǰѽҲڽڣȡõɣҲн顣
λӣǳԨʵĴʦ֣֮УҲһĿǵһѡ˷ӵĻǿһˡ
֪һҲ̫ҵԻ·ôԼ糤־ģʱʢԭҪ֮ѡһģֻѡɽʢû
ʱ뽣ڣģɫɾǷӺˡ
ΪȻǷӸһ
ҲûҪʢСһáҳûһԼ⣬һôܴǱϲĽ״̬ȻСһ֮ǰȷʵҲ̫ŵỌ̇̄ܽȻСһٺÿҲл
ڵķ⣬ԭҲӦġ
ôΧۺһΧۣʲôõģҷʵʦְ̫ˡҳҲһ£Ƚ뽣֣϶ǻᱻԵһ
Һ͹һ˵Ժ۵ʱ򣬴ųԨڵǵķͻȻҵķ˹
Һ͹һȻֹ
ɲɣԺ˵˻ܱ
ˣɽҲЩֵĿԼˡ
ӵɨңֿ˿Է޵ױݣܿͽĿƿ
ϴ˰ɡ
Ůޣǽһʦá
ڳ֮ǰƽʦһҵʦãԼҲȥ˲ʦõϣŷԭǳԨлһˣ
Щ֮УͼԿ϶λʦõ츳Բͣҿ»Զ֮ϡ
ѡ˵͵ˡ
õ·µ洫ӳƣиոչ㣬ƺλҹϵǳ
ɽ鶼˵ڽڣ֮УҲԼоһ˵츳ǲ֮µġֻǵʱֻһȴˡ
֪ΪΣֱ˾ҡ
ҲһεĽִĻǳԨܹڴ˵ʤİգ͸˼ˡ
֪ԼѾϢĶˣ
ֻǸڴֶѡ
Ԩڡ彣ٮٮĺܣÿɲ١ڵĽһδš
ҲصģһֱûɵӳߣҪΪʹˡ
Ҳٵȡ
뽣ֵĽޣҲҪԪӤڣҲܳڡ
ֻԪӤڵʿԪӤҲܱסһ֮£ܺ޹˼ɵĴ磬뵽֮СʿѾʶ˼᲻ɴݵĵزЩ⣬ҲûʿʲôˣԼ׳֮£⽣ʿҲͱΪ
ҲǽкڵΪȻǲܽġ
ֻǴ˵
ֻǵãûеȵǴ˵е˰˳֣ЩͲסֽ̽һ
СҲͦÿģļˡҲ룬˰ϵôͷ¶棿ѽ϶Ҫȵһ̲ų֡ԹӢˣ˵һڽϻóɾ͵Щ޲ܻء
ɶ
Щ˻õȵʱų֣
С˲ǡ
ǰȦЩӰڿĻʽߺ̺֮ǰŮǵĸϻƬѾǰ˺üˣܸԼòá
ȵʱų֣ǰһֱأʱ˭ֵ˭˭
Ҷʱûʲô˼ˡ
ľǹһ˰
Ҫظʱ򣬴үҲѾҵܿһϢ
˵ڶߣΪһ˴֡
˼ǣǳڣϼɽһϼӵĶŮϼ
λϼȻʱѾ¶˲ĸ׵òʮѾ˰
˰ڲ޾
Ͼֶǲͳһġ
ˣ˰ֻǲͬ񻮷˼硰ɡȡ顱񵥣½ͬλСλϼڡȡ֮һ˰ǡкϼ֮ɫѩҩ֮ȡ
䰮ô糺֮ɫһ˫乴ˡ
ΪֵģһڵĽһʦƣһİĽߣɢ޽ؽɡ
ƺϼ÷Сһ𳤴ģ˵Ʊ֣ǺԼĵġɾͱϼλʦ⡣ƽ츳ڣҲʮأѾԪӤˡؽɣϼһ˿ɫҪǿǡǷ·һ
һν֮УֱײһȻⲻ˳ˡ
һ÷һ콵ˡ
Ŷ
ⲻżľ飿
Ҷʱˡ
ûпӾˣҲ粻ˣýд籾ˣֻҪеĿҪɶгأ
û뵽ֳܸ棡
ҪҪһҪ
һԴҲȤ
ȥȥ޵ʲôˮƽһʮҪ֪Ԩڵڵĵ˶ʲôġӡ󣬴бȳԨҲҪԶǰǵķţΪ֮￴˽޵սſ˽һġû뵽ȥǵĽһҲѾɫĵز
Ǹؽɣߵǽ֮൱ټؽ·ӣǰʱҲ֣ˡ
Ҳҿ츳Ľ޺֮࣬ôյȥˡ
Һ͹һԻ·ȫһƵϣǴ˿̶˿Ϸ˼ڴַ֮̽УٶѳʿӦеˮ׼
ȥˣҲ͸ϲˣ
ʦ㣬ҷŹǺǣô꣬Ҵûʲôһ»촽Сɫѿơ
վһɴǰ棬ļԵγˮ
棬վһӢ䲻ĸߴӣ۽ǴһСС˰̡˰̲ûòʧȥʣ˼
˵͡Ը񶼽Ȼͬˡ
ҵʱ򣬷ΧΧ۵в٣ǴҶվıȽԶ
ȻʱԼɾͲˡ
ϼ㲻ʲô֪˭ӮءɲмĿһۣĽ˶ûɱϼΪ˲㶪Բֵͣġ
ۣǴ粽á
̲סơ
Ǿò˥
Сһҿϼ˳ϲϷˣⷽϵЦݼֱ޷ֱӡ÷÷콵ܵӶȥˡҡͷ̾
ƺϼһţΪֶˣҲûܻ쵽һδ֣֮ɼʮֲеˡ
콵Ǿ͸ûϷˡ
δءǰͱȽŽᣬ΢⡣ȻҲ֪ڸı˶٣ıҲࡣڲ˶ԣ϶ϣϼ˫޵ġһǵ˵ĵ£ܶʱ򲢷Ϊöһ𣬵ֻΪͳɵԭ˫޴ġҪǱ˴ʲôˣȢ̾Ҳ޷ġ
˵ˣҲֻеһַʽѡ
ʿʮһգв˶õҪһռǧһգǼܡ
ЩųԼĲһӾϲһ˵ޣҲʱ֮¡
ڸϾ͸Ʊ䡣
һ鲢Żһֱĸ顣
õĵ£Ҳֻһġ
ѣôȥûأ
Ҳֻʿʲôϲңϲ֮Сˡ
ȻСһûе£뷨ͬġҲŵͷҲȷʲôͷϵð飬ЩͷϵģҲ߰ʮء߰ʮӳ߰˰ꡭҳʳҲܱ֤߰˰겻ζ
˳þõһʲô㲻ԣǾڻĥ
ʹͼС罻̸и˾һû˾ͺþۺɢȴһҶ಻󣬶һһֱãȥЩëƤ
ð
ĸʦ㣬ġѾ˵ȥˡ
ѾԤеԼʧܡ
û
ãһӰƣӽ
ҺΧȺͳͳ쳤˲ӵſ
ܿ죬ʹӽһòü۴ųϴٺɫķ£ȴĵļѩһ׵Ůӡ
Ů˰ϼ
ͻȻоΧǳ˲٣ƺΪϼò𾪡
ǣûɶо
ô˵أϼҲԼͶ̥ζӡ
ǰҲʲô
еʧ
ԭ˰ϵҲˡ
ҵСһеԶˡ


40 
ΪΧȺʵе̫ˣϼվΧ΢΢λѣλѵ飬λи㣬ʱɢȥɡ
ϼӣҲҪڵӡ
˼ҪװƣҲֵÿ֣˼ѾʼϿˣǻ˰ɡȤǣҲֳָܹʲô
Ҳ׼ʰʰ뿪ˡ
㲻һЩ𾪣Ӧû￴ϷĲŶԡϼôƮƮһ䣬ҾȻҪߣ
ⲻƽﰮԵ簡
ûɶ˼ýŶܲµõҰɣϼò̫ҵƳĹһһۣҲ֪ĸһﺦ۹ôߵġ
Ҫ˵𣬹һøȫðɡ
ںúõģһƽƽļһȻʼ˼ϼòˣ
Сһ
˵꣬ͷҲص뿪ˣģٿɡ
ϧǣȥϼİ֮⣬ҴŹһ˺üȦûзʲôµȤ顣˶ҪҲֻˡ
һ鵹Ǻܿģý˻ҶǸҲúһ֡Ȼ˵ȥ֣һʱͻȻı뷨أ
һ겻Уһеġ
棬һ뷨Ѿʮֵĳˡ
Сϣפؿջ
ϼʧһ۵ʧĿŵϼҲԵ㾹ȻΪһˣɡ֪һεĽִᣬΪʲôģ
ڲǽţ񽣵һɽһεĽִᣬΪľǴѹԨں彣ŵ档ȻǽһٮٮߣҲƳȥİӣעġ£ҶֻƵĸˣ˭עĽΪ
ڽһûʽ¶֮УΪԼҵӵĹ;
ʦ壬Ѿ֪ˡϼ֪ԼʦƢʱҲֻܺȰ˵ɴ츳׿ܹһεĽﴳٰڽһҲǿԵġ
ڽﴳĽޣǺױǽġ
Էɵı£ϼǺġ
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ңϼ⣬ö˶˵λᱻʿǡþ
ûôɺϡ
ǣɺΪġ
ʦ壬
ˣҲ˵֡ϼӦüǵԼʡҵһʵĽ˫ޣʲôӡʦۿϼѡɢΪ£Ҳ˵ܻܲס㣬ǽʵЩҩδܹĸȻһ֮ΪѾж꣬Ī㻹Ҫߵľô
һϼԭĴЩ֮ѾϨһɶ
˫֣ͷӦһǡ
㣬ƣ֪
֪ﻹҶѴࣿʦ㶼ʦԼûһǶ죬֪Ҫôͷ
֮ǰ齣ʱܸ㡣һνܴٿ齣֮°ɡھȻұҪӦǰȥԨں彣Ǳ˴νֻ֮¡ѾǳԨڵķӺ彣ڵһһͬ죬ҪӮ»öӳı
ڵӲٶ˵ʲô
ôЩ꣬һֱҪԨڵ泹ѹȥΪ˲ϧڷŻѴۿٽһǹؼ֮ʱŵĿǰ˵ʵ΢
ϣܹú÷ʡһԼ˵գⳤϲ뿪˴
ʦ㡣ƿϼϸŵԼҲ׵ĸ
һ棬ʦͷעûнҡһ棬־Լ뷨ʵڹڱӿ
ʲô˵ˣ׵ġΪڵӣʱΪǱҪġϼƲȥҲʲô˰񣬲ʵĻͺˡ
ƾĿûٶ˵ʲô
ղʦ뿪֮ǰһǶĳͷ
ɡ
Ԩפؿջ
ʦ֣彣ں϶ˣһһͷҲһˣǶԱ˴˵ʵڵĽһҶ෽ҲֻһƵĵӡƣӦڵƲǡͷ˵
ʦڽһΪΣ۽ˮƽרҵɵĵӸɡͬΪ洫ӵķ̲סѯʵ
彣ڸֵ⡣
ڳ֮ǰʦڽһЩһֱϣ˵һרΪ˶ԸǶġӵͷ˼һʦ˵Ķͷȥβĺʦʦ˵һ飬ڽһʱͻȻߵ֣ɲ
ʦҲûʲôõĵģЩ˵ʵһǺŵġЦԼһ֧гֵġһĻˣҲһʦΪľ֧Ԯǡ
ϧ·ûȻǵݻҪǿ
֧飬Ҳǽ𵤴Բͳơ
ͳﶼҪԸһⶼûС
ֵҲ˿̽ͻԪӤĻˡ
ͳƶһۣﶼͬһˡ
ʦҲڴ˴ĻǳԨһȫˡ
Ƿ߶ŵҺݺݵĴ˸硣
ЩҲ̫˵ɣҿ쿸ȥˡĶҲѳԣȥûмóԵģٹȵ൹Ƕֶ뵽Ҿһ
޾ۼҪҪҲž
ȻԵĺȵĶûмġ
ʾûг޶Ҫ
Ǹֵҩʲôĸá
ҲԵҩ
ٹȵʲôŸĶ
Ȥֱӱַˡ
ɶʵǿɶ
ҲûãÿҲĸʱȻģԶѧһĶһ̲ס֮ǰڿ󷨺ͷ֪֮ʶˣ࿴ؼô
Ҫҿ󷨺ͷ֮ĶΪҸȤҿ˻ֶ֮ѡҺĵľܾ˹һ飬˵ˣαװܶѧһЩ޵ʽ˾ͲΪǽˣŽαװλ
ƤӣʮһҲҵĶ֡
ߣǳȥȥһ󲽳ȥҾͲˣһûУִϾҪʼˣЩҲõˡ
ԾɲĵҾȥԿ
Ȼ˹
ŶҲԣ˳ơ
ҾͲóԶԶĿųƣתߡ
Ѿˡ
ʦãƿңϲĴ󺰡
װ
ڲʲôңС㣬϶ϲҡ
Ҵߣ첽뿪
ʦãǺÿ࣬ʱʲôôĽҲ֮ǰöˣӦһЩˣǹϲѾسɴķյҸǰ͸ҽȻͬĴױݻϳҵıʡ
ĳֽǶ˵Ҳˡ
λѣϴˡһڴ
ҲϴġƼᶨƵĻشʦãǰ־㱱ȵʱͨһӰҵ㣬͸ӲϴˡҴСⷽûгĴ磬ȷʵϳˡƻ϶һ
ҸҪײǽˡ
һĴЦ
˵Ա˻ĻԳһΪһҪһ㻹ûʲô취ʲô˵ʲôǴ⣬ҹ֮
һΪƵԵʣԼ˽ڣ
һֱԼʲô·
ǰŸոսᵤΪ洫ӣΪʲôʸﰡ
Ѿǽ𵤴Բˣһʱ丶ŬҲвˡһʱѵȻ츳˼Һãǲ˼Ŭ˼ҷˡ
ͳ£ֲ⡣̲ס˻ȥϱĶȥˣҪǰȽϣұȵҲȲꡣ
ʦҲΪ˽ִôʵ̫ˡƷ·𿴼һ겻Ŭϴĸӻͷѧѧһ˸οĹâ
ĺʺȥˡ
ҲǸӣǸ˵ĸоΪʲôôǽ̵ΰ
̫һɡ
ơ
ڼ͹һһ
ѵүĳͷ
ǣҾǹתһתߵġҸϽܾڲֻǽڵΪ뽣ֻôһأû취ȥġ
ûϵģʦֵʱӽ룬ɽӦһ硣ֻҪʦŽȥ鵤Ӥһܿġ
һҲô죬лл
Уҵ취Ȼֱˡ
ʵģиˣǹҵҩġ˵УҲġ죬ûôʱﶺ˵ƤӶգһµġ
ЩȣҪʲôҩȥҡ
ǡĵϾƷʵĲСҵתķɿ졣
ĵܹ޲ĵҩһ󣬶ϾƷʵļмУûиʮƷʯ²
ȻҪϾƷʵĵƵɫͱҪƷʵĵҩʦΣڵϦ
ǡҿ϶ȻҲ
ôƭĲʹô
ҪһɰȻôѣҷʵ
ǺѲġ
ȥʦҰɣ֪⸽иᣬҲʵĵϢشܹʦôҵҩһҪѾҵѣҲġ
㲻Ҫôİ
ҵҲûЩĻرѾѽι
ĲˣѾ̽һϢҾܾ
ʦƭˣƽʱӣȥϢԨڵ·ܹ֪š̲סЦ˳
ʱִˣ
ǲɳ¡
ʦãϢɡƿ˵ҰҵҩϢٴȥʦ֣ô
ԡ˵ˣҵܾҲû
ѹûʲôĵֻ֪ⶫҲſ˵İˡ
ҲʦˡƼᶨǷͷжôѶϵɣٶܿһ㡣
˵꣬ƾֱ뿪ȥҴϢȥˡ
ǣ⹤ľͷҪҪô󰡣
̫ǿ˰ɡ
Ĺҫ㶼Ҫɹˡ
˼ң
ԺдϢģģҾһѡ֮ӣԺҪʥ˵֡Ĩһͷϲ֪Ѿð亹ˣʵģ϶һĿͲڵġ
̫ˡ
ȫǾͲһġ
ǸûʲôȰ
ͺñȥѧΪһƯƯɿɰʦ˼ҿԽǰ
˭ܿס
ǿס
Ͻȶһӣǽ뽣֮ٻѾʶطˣҪϽ߲СȻӼֱûа취ˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
Ըˣֻﰡܲɱ˼Ұɡ˵ˣ˼ҾּᶨƵԸҪǴݻ˼ҵĵģǿиıĸԣ˼һӾͻˣҲġȻǲǾֻܶˡ

ҵһʱصջʰʰ׼뿪
ţٸƷϢ˵Լڱĵط˵ҩϢҪһǰףǽһܹ˳˳ףԸ鵤Ӥʲôġ
ܺãͨҲֿôдˡ
ҸƷôѶŹһԥľת뿪
ȥȥϢһʱٻ
һСš
ֵǣ߳ٳٶûϢظҶٶЩ֡
ԳƵԸӦûһʱظİ
ѾҪϷ۵ҲЩŹ֡
ΣգøϽȥһͻȻ˵ҾóԸ㣬һĨ⣬ҵĽƺɢˡ
ϧûȵ̶ֽٶͷֶԷƺ鷳
طܹܵ鷳²ǳǳųԨġ
ôֳˣץץͷʲôǱĹôֻҪһ뿪Ҫץߣbuffģ͸һӴڳԨڲţ
ǣܲܲȡ
˼ҸղŻΪæǰæء
ҵص㣬͹ȥöţҪæ֪ͨԨڵȥˣѹûȥԨڵĿջ˶Ҳ
Ҫӿٶˣ׼һ˵
Ҫǳĳ£һӶȥ
ӲܷһԼõΣȻеǰ취Ըơ
ֻĮ磬˲Եܿɹ
á
δ䣬Ҿ͸оԼٶҪĿˡ
Ҳе̫˰


41 
ҴӹһʱͷѾ޷νӽëʨˡ
ͷը˰
Ѿһһŵˡ
ôŬıԼͷò֮ԱͺͷΣҪΪôһͺĻһ鳤ٺÿԼҲҪݺһٵġ
ˡһѾҳ嵽˸ǰ
ǰˣһǱץСƣһ֮ǰ֮һơ
ţڴˡ
˵඼ȡϣʲô簡ư갡ѩ찡ִ֮࣬ѩࡢΰ
ȵȣһͷͷ˿ƻء
֮ԱѹŴ򣬴ΪסһʵӲңԷûҪɱ˵뷨ǳųƵ˫ȥġ
Ҳ˵ԷǴֹȥ֣Ҫɱ
룬һ֮
ƺڶʱԭоԼѾ쵽ˡͻȻһѽϻվһˡ
ң
һϲֳ
ͺͶǰһԼΪҪʱҴ
񣬲龰֡
һˣΪܴùңȻҲҵĴڣֻǲ׶ԷΪʲôʱ򲻵ûгԼͷ
˰Ů˸ֵһᣡ
Ĭ˼ϵ󷨵ķΧٶһҲС
ڵĳΪһεжƣΪľѹסԨڵЩǵΪóսǳԨڵģΪԨԴսȺ³ѾѹһΪҲΪ֡
ıⲢɱˡ
ֻҪһ·ߵˡ
˶ͬһʶҪڽֹӵ𣬾ͱҪȼȶԸڶԸ֮ǰЩæʦʦǣҪһһ
ǡ䵥ȻҪ֡
ֻƻв⣬ƵκδѶӦöǻᱻεŶԡ֪ΪŮȴô׼ȷҵһҲȻ塣
ʦãС󷨣ҪʾٶҪһأҲѾ֮СԭҵΪֻнڣôһѹƣ𵤳ڵսӲ
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ôţϵҲ
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ʲôܣǡʱһѽŽɵĽ罣ĽƸѹȥ
ѾԼͷҺֻôʿ֮ͷǿʵ̫ˡ
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ʦã󷨡
ġ˦˦ϵĹһЩͷĿƣö˶˵ĲȥʦѪԸʦʲô
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ҲǳԨڵˣЩɵĿҡԨĵû˰ʼΪǳƵãƺ´ˡ
Ҳգҽʦ֣ʹȥȥɡƲٶԣֻϽӵԽãԽбԨڷֵΣա
ֻҪɱˣȶ֮вС˵Ҳǳ£ԨҲֻԡ
ô?ҸͲµġ
ⳡԼǿһͻȻ˵
ιιҪһİ
ʱ˵ҪԼ
һѾҪװˣܹңҪеļܶԺôܹн
ðɺðɣˡҼһ鲻棬ҲֻԭԣٻҪӵġ
Ұνһն˹ȥȫûκʾ
ܾʹܣͷ˵ʲô˷ѿˮֱӸɾˡ
Ʋôҿ־Ҫֵӵ˲䣬ͻȻ͸о˾޴ѹϥ漴һӶѹð֡
Ů˵Ľôô
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ֻʱÿһԴŲͬı仯
ھ񽣷һĽһͳһ֣ʮҴ򡱡
һ̵ʱ˵һĽģµؽ·ӣһһأòͬĽۼӽеÿһҪǰһӼӱʮдۻѾ̩ɽѹˡ
һĽ޾Գеס
ؽģ֮ǰźؽɴһΣﱾӰû뵽һؽģ״̬Щ
ѲؽԵɣ
ҼƵĵĶ챻ԼңԼҲǰ⡣
Ҫӵġ
񽣷ĽһٶУרáʮҴ򡱣Ϊ˻ƵġϾؽɵĽ䲻Ƶʽ֮ǰ佣Ӱͻ֮ӿԭúõĽжӲӦе
Ǵģ
ƸܵһĽУ˼Ѿѹ޷Ų
ףʮֵĲס
ǰŮҲǽڵʵѹܷ֮ܲӳڵΪһ¡Ϊڻӽʱ򲻼κγɡôȥضʧܣ
ԨôһҲûУ
ƲòĬ˼ͼӴ󷨵ѹᵼ󷨵ĲȥҲ˲ôˡ
ŮӣСƣ
󷨵ѹһǿ
ԭڵϢѹֲ֮ɵĿѪ
΢΢üеĽԽҡ
ˡ
ˡ
ˣ
һһǿ
ɽϱĴѩƺƵһһǰƣϵı֮͸Ĺǣ֮Ƹоһɳ׵ĺ䡣
ڵʿôܻĽ
Ԩڣôôһˣ
սֺȣ̬ȡ
һ鿴Ҵͷβı֣Ҳ¶֮̾ɫصĺܾǴƻƣһֱȫ̱ǣսͷԣӲŹκһǰսĻᡣ
Ҳ֪ǰ׾ʲôսʶ
һͽƴޣڿȥ
ڵĽ𵤰һɵֱӿ֣һϵġ硱֡
顪
һʱ򣬷·𿴼һΡɽڵеߡ
һ
ϵĽһؽ֮Ѿѿһӡϸ·ɿӣգ֮䣬ѾΪƬɢ
ƵУֻʣһ
սˡ
ܣѾѹסΪףѵԼ󷨳⣿ܣǳϸģҳƴͷβѾѹסˡ
ǰŮˣȴûܵκӰһ
˵ѹΪ˼ҴӲпʼһֱˡҽһýݺݵĽƻ˹ȥ˳˫Ҳˡ
˺һһѵĵҩ
˳ϵҲͦȤģûúоо
ܶӮˣҪƷ
Ӧû°ɡҴӵҩֳһ˵ĵݸƣȻǾͽ͵ȥٻŵĿջջвͬţӦܹκ㡣
һν֮УԨڿ϶׼һ˵ĵҩ
ʦãл־ҡƿ촽Ѿ˰ɫһ
Ҽ״üԣղӦòڽ˳ӡ㡭֮ǰϾа˰ɡ
ʦùȻ档ƳŵҩεĿң֮ǰΪΪؾԺԽ𵤴Բֻؾ֮ЩɣԶЩˡԭҪڽʱ˳κҵİ˵ģû뵽ڱ˳
㻹ΪҪֳУϲһξ͸һ¡洫Ӷǣôżʲô̲ס²Ҳ֪־ǣǶľٶ⡣
µ˶ʲô⡣
ڳϵ洫ǶûгЩʦʦѾһʿˣȻٺͷңʦΪһĴʦ֣ҲҪһ᳹ǧ硣һΣҲǳԨչʾǵĻᣬʲôڡ彣ԼЩʲôսǵĵλȻܴƿЦѣֻ˽ݾȻҪеӦǲܲμһεĽֻˣȥҲֻǸλʦʦնѡ
ǾͲȥ¡Ȱ˵ǸıǮ㶼˻Լɡ
ʦãи֮롣
֪ǲ֮ͱ˵˰ɡƺ֪Ҫ˵ʲôһܾ
һ϶ûʲôû
ʦ㻹ӡƿҵıַЦô˵أе㰲İɡΪô꣬һһЩıǡû뵽ԷӣͲġóƸоĵͬʱ־ЩΡ
ʦøıĻĻôһȥ
ɲС
ʦõı£ӦûӦеǣ
ôܹһֱأ
㻹˵ЩеûģҲõˡһ£ҪˡҲٶˣµʱ˵һЩûа취ܾĻõİ취ûκ˵Ļᡣ
ϣʦҺŵʦʦһμӽִᡣ
˵ʲô̫ҰȾܣװơ
˼ڵѪ
˻ûһֱһŻˡ
ǹĶԲԣԺܵģ֪Ҫ˵ɶ
һϣֻǵģѪѡ˾ȵͷ͵㲻ǰ;ϵˡ
ΪͬҪ˶ļӰĿһҲȥ
ʦã鷳ˡƼᶨĿңһεĽ֮ҺòײӮĻᣬΪҴͬšҲô˷ᣬ־һΣϣܹȥμӡ
μӵѾˣһһ١ңзʦڣֲҷӵġҪƵӺݺݵҡһҡ
ἺΪ˵ʥĸԣʲôʱܴӳƵɢȥ
ز˾ͺúõϢͺˣ˵Щеûʲô
ʦ̫ˣʱеʿжԸʦĲͷĻǾͺͬһ𹲽˾ͺˣǵֻǰʦֵַѹ뽣ĻѡƺǲµҵĹǣ˵һ˶ʮһӣʦֺʦ֣㶼ǼģҲỶӭġ
ôҾʶôȻˣ
Ҿûǡ
һεĽ֮ж˵ͬСɡڳ֮ǰžͽ˶ۼһ˵һһжҪԡƲĴҵĻʦã˵ˣһܹ˳Ļȥһ꣬ҿϲĽؼǡ
񽣶ûѧᣬؼʲôĲȤ
֮⣬ÿ˲໹õʮϵƷʯΪ
ߺߣ⵹ǻе˼ϾҪвʯˣʮҲֻһĶѣѾǵǸĶˡ
ѾǸƸɵĴˣ
ƼһǲôĶӣҲЩΣʦһǮˣҪǰ˵ʮƷʯʦҪμˡ
ò˵ƺҶǶô꣬ҵĸԺ뷨ú͸ġ
ʦã֪ܲ˳ڡʳΪ硯ﻹӵһҾ¥ΪȫϯһֱɫҲֻܱƵóƷŴˣҼǵڲ˺ܾùʳΪ硯Ϣɡ
֣ʱᶯˡ
ʳΪ죿ҼǵúЩ޻۵Ĵ硣һӡ
ǧ磬ÿһ綼ɫ
ʳΪ磬žʳ񿪴ʿ඼ǳޣԳĲȿƷ鵤е£ͬԷɡ
˵޵ʥء
ֻǳǲóսһֲ޵ľգܵЩǵĵӣأֻг޲ܳͨĽ룬ʿҪȥҪ
ǰҪȥţ̫ˡ
󣬶١
ֶʿ˵ҪΪڸ֮Ĵ磬ڳԨ־ۼôܻ̫Ϣ֪ĻȡѶ֮͹Ϸˡ
һȰʳ˵ֱðĴڣ
һεĽִܹ˳룬Żĵ͸ȥʳΪԼĲҵ»ߵȼģ㹻ʳΪʮˡȰ˵ңʳΪʱһʦú룬ճš
ĵӣŵĻͣŵġ
Ȼ֮ǰҲȥ׬ȡõľˡ
񣬳ȴ˵ȥæ룿
ʦã֪ģôҲ洫ӣ黹õġƶ¶һõЦݣʦãҪȥμô
нΣԴʳǩ֤
ֺǸ˶ܾĺô
ȣģҲǺ⣬ҪҪס΢΢̧̧°ͣԴһ˿֣һεĽִᣬҰæ


42 
ҾҵҵĻųƻصǳԨڵפؿջ
ѾǸɢԵʦˣδнεҪ֤ˣ
ԼҪ˿ʮ˵ҲԲܱ˵һͷ
˵Ŀֿȫˡ
ҺܿʹųĿĵء
ǳԨڣȻձ鶼ǳԨڶۻе̵ġջǴ
ջһ߸ƽʱͬʦֵΪռ䳡°ռŲߵġصĿãϴЦ˵
ǰǼֱġ
оֻһѪ֮
ȡҾֻҪÿٶһʱ㹻ˣҲôɡһʱ˳˵һ˻
СһȻҲ˵˻ˣ
Ȼû˵鱾Ѿǻشˡ
ⲻǿΪеаôСһƺе߳ŭôģҵҪ˰˲ܼʱƣ˵Լĸס
ȫûнСһЩҲĻȥ
Ȼ߳īߺڡ
ҺСһǸԼҪǸ˱ľôܹ뷨
СһѾ߱һͶߵ뷨ˣǻҪٵ̵̡
СʱƲ
ʦãҲţġƴԼǲҵ֮⣬
ֻҪʦ˵ܹ֣ǵɽҲܴɫ
ϵЦһ
ԼţԼʦá

ʦõĲܣڴʦַ֮£ֻ뷨ɻ˵ڲͬ
ƱҲŽĳܿʹ˷ӵ˶С
û뵽ֻǳȥһƺȻˣ
ط˸˺ǳԨڵˣ
ʦܡ
ʦܣû°ɣ˭㣿
˹ģԺŻһɡ
лλǳԨڶл
λǳʦʶģ

һʱ䣬ЩǳǰΧʵʵ
йĳƵģилҰæģа˹ϵġ
ɫɣҵʱЩϤǿĴִδ
ȻҲˡ
ûóȻǰԥԥ֪Լαװǵλ˵ġ
ֻгһ۾֪ôģ͸ҵ
츳˹ˣǿңִôҲӷǰ
ƣϣǳġ˰ߴߴ֮ʱӳʱ·ԴŶЧһΧԶͿճһ·
Ҳǵһ˽Ĺ۲λ֮
ǰֻԶԶļһ档
һСһһϲӢ䲻
ʦүĻһ͵ġ
ȳӢ䲻Դһɽ޵ĸ߰ʡ
ûдŽҲһ˴ǽޡ
Ϊ˵ĸоһûʵķı
Ѿ˽ŵĲΣǰҲƵˡһ鿴֮ͻȻ֮ǰ㲻˵һ򽣺ѣӦþͻᣬȻڻѹԼûͻƳڣڽĥһӣֱܹϺڡһ˵ڵĽ޶δĽ衣ϴתûһڱչУ㿴˼ңٿԼ
Ϥǻ
ǰҰ軹ʦԼҵĵλϰ嶼ô˵ġ
Ǳ˼ҵĺô
զģ㻹Ҫˣʵ
ǵǡһ黹ͦϲһˣֿ˿Ҿ˻ǹһһˣе̫಻ΣҴҲﲻʲôˣȽҪҡ
ߣʶࡣ
ҵڽһӦҪڽִ֮ǰǵʿǱŴʦġƼ򵥵Ľ˵һ£ʦòʲôˣҲǳԨŵңҿ´Ҳûа취ýˡ
һģĵ˵ͷλʦʦãҡ
һԼ֮ҾͲ˵ˡ
ˡ
Ȼ
ʦãôǵ֮ǰƺǳӡĿңǵʦþǸƽƽСʦãǰòŮޡ
ѲʦȥԼ
ʿֻ鵤ӤʱͻڽΪڵʱл¸Լڽ׵ʱǰž޴ķյģǷֳ¸Լھڸ˿衣˭ðôΣվΪ˸ԼߣҲҪģһ󲻺ãøѿӱȱȽǡ
вٸͷа඼ħãʿԴ˶ǲмһˡ
ʦѲɡ
Ҿǻ˸ױûжѾµЩʲôˣǸϽƷȥϽȥ
õĺõġӦ
ͬʦʦҲǳԨڵӣһӾͺͻ˲١
ŵӣûϵֻҪʦŬΪ洫ָտɴҾʦͲԿһ¡
ʦҲǽΪУǶָһضֱܹ洫
ңôо˵

Ա΢Ц
ȴֱֱĿ˹
ң
еŮ޽ȻͬȫȫͲһޡ
ǳƵʵ֪ģܹ³ƣζĽΪСʦ˵һŮϿŲܡ
ȥ˵ָƽ˿Цһ˴ӵųƺҸϽ˿ջ
ջҲרŵҽڵš
ƿˣĬĬҡͷԷֺأȻʱƣҪָĳ̶ȣ˵ҲҪһء
ѾܲμһεĽִˡ
Ҳ˵һˡ
һҲû£ǻжʮء
ɵ˵ٵģһ¶ǲ
ǳԨڱӵнڣֵĴڣﻹżСؾ֪ǵöۺ졣ôĵӣǶ¾ûбŵĵطˡ
ˣһֱ궼ξˡҲһҪʲôСȴ֮öõ
һɵĶˣǳԨڲŲôǰ
ʦܣʵ̫ϧˡΪ˻μӵôڣ
ʦܣģǻķݶһŬġ
ͬſŬ·ȴڵ˻˺£϶⡣
ǽ˵ܲμӽ֣һضýǶôп鰡
ȣʵһ顣ʦ֣ϣʦôҲμһεĽִᡣʵڣǿöࡣţʦڣ϶û⡣ƴͬǵİοϽŷ˵
òѾͨʦߵĹʦ߿ɲܵӡ
ͬ⣡޳ɣʦʵȺǲѡ
ǲ˵ôģ
ҳݺݵĿ˹ȥѾҲԼСϡ
ǵڶƣһҪССġ
ʦõʵȻûۼŵġ̵ĸ˵ֵ¼£ʦûԸұһΡ
սˣһԪӤڵĺ˼һڴ
һ²ۣһ߰ס˴Ĺһ
һǴӮġ
ҪǴӮˣЩ޲ðԼܣ
ƺԥ
ȵȣˡңҾ˵˵ģǲǾǸ֮ܣÿֻĸʱģһʦͻȻ
ףôһ˵ҺҲˡ
Ҿ˵ôô졣
ʵǿĻʦõӦѾˡ
ҾòУ޲϶ɲʲô򡣡
ǽ޵츳

¡ұŹһ˴Цȥ֣ҲһֻĸʱĻŶҶˣҾÿԵԹƣǾأ
קקҵ½ǣûקɹ
ҸӣŲЩӡ
Լĸʱװ˭۾ֲ˵ԼᵼǼȻͷβֻҪԼƾʲôЩ˿ָָ㣬Ŭ
һƷ𵤡ӿ˵
ǡûʲôóϵġ
Ҳҿȥ
Ȼ²ӦһƷ𵤣׿ڳϣоǲһ
ʦá
֪Լûпˡ
ڳЩӣҲ˶һƷ𵤡
һƷ֮ĺ
ܹɾƷ𵤣ѾܹʸΪ洫ˡ
ȻҳԼһƷ֮󣬷ŵ̾Ͱ
𵤾ʿĵ
㸶˶٣ӵ˶ΪĽֳ
һƷ𵤵Ļʱϡ٣Ҳ֤ڽϲѷɫκˡ
ֻ⡣
ǿһĽôѯʵȻҲ㻰٣ֻǸǿһ۵ĻͿԲúһһȹˡ֮ǰʦҲǺʹҶȹһõ˵ĳϲġҪʦܵλãҲҪһġ
Ҿý𵤲˿ȴϼɡҲģһҺúչʾһԼ
֮ǰԨڵĵǶɣҲܲܡ
˵㣬ʱͦġ
ǰһЩҲŬԼӦɵ飬һǴ
һǴôܻԸأ
ϣһҲ֪ǵɲǶԵġ
ϣұͬſΪ˳ƵĹϵƾŶԳƵľ֮Žġ
ɴͺúôһ
Щ޶ķڷ
ҲǷӱȽϼ֣Ҳн飬»ȽѲʿӦöڻ¡
ڴܣǮôɵǶһҲô졣ƴӦҵļӰཱҲǴһҵԻ·͹һ鲻һϡ
Щôԭⲻȥ
𵤶ѡ
ʲô˲
ҵĽеС㿴һ۰ɡԼСĽ𵤣Щ顣û취һʵе̫ܳˣÿӦһ֮󣬻ٳһ𵤵ǿάƽ⡣
Ҳ˵㡣
ŨǾ
ҲѾʮֳ죬ڱ֮ɸάתˡ
㲻һԼĽ𵤣֪ܸʲôľϲ
˵꣬ҲŤֱӽԼĽ˳
զ£µ֤Լˡ

ҵĽ𵤽䣬ԲһɢصڿֻƮһ˲˸оŽ̲صļ
ֻգʱ䣬Ž𵤾Ѿһɶ
븹һԼĶƤůġ
Ȼֻһʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ǿˡ
ƸǼ֣ΪҿʦãĽ𵤺ֹһƷ𵤰ֱǡʶǧѵһ
Ȼеϣ
еϰ
ζ޵һ;Ѿǵǰ档
һֱڼᶨԼĵġ
ǧǧ·ʿܻڲͬĵ·֮ǻԥҵʺԼĵܵõϣӦŻеϽ¡
ҲڣѾľΪôܲ˾ȣ
һƷ𵤣Ѿ洫ӵĶ䡣
ҵĽϻеϣڴˣҲ齫Ϊʽӣ
֪ҵĽܣܶȣҲҪһϯλá
Сʦá
ʦø˵ľϲʵ̫ˣ
ֻгһ˵
Ϊˣ֪˵ʲô
ھеϣھ͵õϡ
ֱ˼飡
飬ȴǷϣһÿֻĸʱĽޣȴ˵ǰ档
ǵĵǸɱĴ
֮ǰҵȴȡ衣
Ŀ΢̲סʦַӡ
ҲһƷ𵤣˵ᵤ֮գҲ£ΪΪ֮ӣȻһĴʦ֣ǰ漸ͬʦʦǰҲ൱еλġ
ʦֵĽҲûбҵɫŨ
ĽȻеϣȴûн⡣Ҫߵĵ·ǵĽ֮һеģѾҵıʡ
ϲҪһĽޣôĽӦûнǡ
ǷҪһĿԭ
ʦεȻҪ֪츳ڣ˿ҲʮֲŮӵҪʲô
𵤴⣬ζҲһˡ
ôֻĵǳԨڵĵˡ
׷ĵʲôҲһˣλʦֵĹ۸̾ͺ޾ֻ߽һ·ôҿá´ֻҪԼеĵڵģʲô߲õģҼȻǳԨڵӣȻΪԨڳʦ֣ΣڿԴʦֺһǰô
Ȼеġ
ǲȥҲͶûȥˡ
ӿңһֱõͷͻȻͽ⿪ˡ
ǵģֻҪеֱʲôطȥʲô鲻ȥ
ΪԨһĴӣȻǿȥԼҪ£һЩģȻҲñԼܡ
ͬһ˵ѹԶԶһ˿õġ
㷽˵ĻǺм˼û뵽㻹ļ⡣һ̾ԭСҡ
һмֱϵġ
ЦЦҾǰϰʱС˵̸Ķ˵㡣һЩߣ˾͹ˣܶ飬Ҵ֡


43 
ôľˡ
Ѿʱ㣬㳤ԨҪȥҸδظϵüңˣڿҵԴϵһƷ֮ٿ˶ҲЩˡ
Ǿ鷳ʦˡ΢΢ףһˡ
ʦֿˡ˵ǰ棬֮ǰʦִӦҵ飬Ҫġ޵ľǰΣǸһ֮ġЦݲõ˵ʦһԶŵģǰɡ
̲סƣҪ֪Ƶ״Ӧʲô飬ŻҲϧαװ
ϣӻֵĵ˵ͷģм١
Ǵ˳ҪӵλãҲǲԿһ
ڿջס
˴ʦ䱣֤Ĵнǳˡ
⣿֮ǰĻ̸֮󣬷Ƶķ䣬˽״Ӧʲô顣ȻƵ˵֮󣬷˶𾪵ˡ
ȵǣôһССݾͽҸշˣ
ʨӴ󿪿ڣҪֹҲǲġģȥʳΪŶѡ
һŵӵмʯ
ʦº·ʵԼԭ򡣲ĶԲãܹõĶҲһ֡ĥһ£Ƕŷ˵ʵĳ˵ʦҼΪˡ
ȻĽޣϲм
еΪ˻óʶΪܹ͡
еΪܹǿܹȥС
Ҳеˣ壬ҪûȥԼͨ޷õĶ
ңֻΪ˼򵥵ѡ
ԨڶһסأҲһͣĵطһܹһݹһȶĵط
ҲĥãŽҵĥס
ȻЩЦ־Ҳδɡ
е鶼ֵװףҲûʲôáȥΪ˱ȽɢŬ֮⣬Ҫë
ԽˣƷԽϣҿӵһޱȵĲδԼһѣһӾͻƽӹȥ
ˣͼ˲űû
Ҳһִˡ
ǰ飬Ҳνٶ˵
򵥣ǽøˡӻǺųƵľϣǺձǰ֡һôҾȥҵڶʧܣ
ʦ֣彣ǱǷҪǸ֪һ룬ڸҶǳ֣ûеŹ彣ڡ
鶼ˣ彣ҲûʸǷͥôˡ¶һζĵЦݣʦܣԼ˺ӦõģǶˣеá
Լ÷Ӵʦں˵仰֮ƺһطıˡ
Ǳøӡˡ
ǰĴʦƺηڵһλٻῼԼ
Ǵô
ʦܻʶ˵ı¿ɱ츳ˡ߳ƵķţԼɽ֮ǰĶԻЩЦ
ˣǰѽӦҲнģֻҿ͸ɽһ˵
ܹɾһƷ𵤣ԴϡڽڣˣӦþˡôȥγĽôܻǼ򵥵ģӲ֣ϵǰѽһ֪ǷƷֻǽڣѽҲ˵浽׶ЩʲôĽڡһģҲûʲôġ
ֻǣҽʢγٲȥѽ»е㱾¡Ȼܹ⣿ɿĺʱʱʱĻںʶںͽ졣
ǴԼܹӮһôӼѯʵ
ܡɽûи϶ش
ҵǰѽϸоһǿѹҪ̽Ǳʲôһ
Ҳ֪Ǻεǰӵǿ
ǰںյĽ֮С
˵ڵķԼľ顣
ĶҲǲ̫ˣʱҺǱ׷һ·뽣ֵġҼǵкüʯĽرһ鿴ƽƽʯĽ⣬񶼼ǵȥǿʯǰĽΪһܹͻͽĽҲһнġ
˵ô죬ԼĽûн¡
Ҳ̫ˣڻԪӤءʶҪܾСһǰ˿Ǹ࣬඼Ϊ׷ɱŽĽԼҪȥĻѻʯô
Ҳôһ
ҪúðԼһСȥʳΪ翪ĵĴнεġ
ʳΪҲûôȫ⣬ʵܸʳСһԭҪ˵ģ˵֮ǰͻȻ֮ǰƵĻ̲סͻѧ˵ˣڶѾڷǰ¶ʵ͵ҲáʵʳΪͣʮꡣʱʵԽǿͻԽҲԽ࣬һĺ°
˵ͻȻùֵֹġǣ˵ĺе۾һڱֵĶǿֻҪȥʳΪﶺʮ꣬ζ깤ʣҵһʱ򣬵Ӷ˺üˣʱҵҲѾʱƮɢˡ
ôԼǲġ
Կԡ
Ȼã
һοļ˵ȵ˽ٽĻ鵤ӤôһԪӤޱȵĺʵҲ֧ġʱٴ񽣷ѾòˣˡģҲֻܴҪܺܿѧĽ
ǰ̵ҪĥܴĽԴԷԽľġ
û뵽ԼھȻ䵽ҪƭһСɽڵĵز
ѵѭıӦ
һ뵽һ㣬ֲ˼
ס
ǰҽ̹ܶ˽ô
ðɣһ׽ҵ¹ˡСһڽһݹ֮ǰǲӦøҷŸ٣ҪߣҪϢһأҴϣҪ󣬹һӦǻӦġ
һֱݣص˸ʱڡҪмӰѺ͸ҵѳţͰȥˡҲднεļǰţúõĴ
áһˣȶԸҰɡ
ǵҪĺÿһңҪ֮Сˣ˵ĿջṩʳģǵȥһݣҾڴϳˡڳ֮ǰҪһ춼ڴϡ
á
ǵóŴߣûˡ
һ鿴ѾǺñӵңʮȥ˵ƣ˯
ȻҲףΪʲôҶѾǽʿˣȻÿ춼״򲻶˯ָ

ִῪĵ죬С򶼱ޱȡ
˵ô彣ڵһһŵֱӴȥˣ˵Ҫʦܱ𡣡
ǲǱĺܲңǸһһͷӲΪ˫赡ɲһ˵ֿסġ
ڽһĴӳֵˡ˵Ҳ֣ӱǴ򲻹һһģǺ齣رֱӵһһһУ¾ôȥˡ׼һεĽָء
ǳԨǿɽۻ
Ҳǣ˵ԨҲһӱڵˣʱһһȥҲ磬ǳԨڵĵӴ·Ԩʱ˸ˣ洫ӣֻһŵӡ
Ԩڵ٣϶Ҫһġ
˵Щɨ˵ʲô˵˰ϵġɰ˻Ҳˡ
˰׺֮ŮҲˡ
ɡ顢ȡİѾϵˣûô
ɡΪ壬ħޣΪޣϰˣΪ֮飬顢顢֮顢֮ȡǱΪϡ٣ôʱ?˵ˣôĽޣ˵в˾ʹŽ飬֮Ҳء
һɱôأҲûмеӿɡ
˵˵ЦЦ֮䣬ڿ˹Ƕ˳ء
ȵȻǳԨڡ
ԨϲʲôѹİϷǿԵʵĿġҪѹᣬҲÿԼûǸ¡ֻҪٶȽ뵽֮У䵽λö˸ռˡ
ʵ
彣ڱȽһ㣬һЩ
мһнһţҲŵˡ
ʣ¾һЩ֮ĵӣҲмܿġȻɢҲвٲĽӣҲһ֡
ϼϲǸؽҲڡ
һ濴˼޺ħޡ
޺ħ֮УҲвýģǲལ޻һԶվһͷμ˭Ҳ˭ڽ˽棬ҪδãҪ˫ôˡ
Ǳһ۸
˰ɾǸżһġ
Ϊ֮ŮȻɫķǷģһͷƯһ˫ŷɫĺʮֵİѳֲס
Ŷ󻹸źЩ꣬Ǻ޹˼ɵ¶Լë׵Ķ䣬ƺҪ֡
Ͼޣȫһģһġ
¶䣬Ϊ˻ޡ
ҿ⼸꣬ԼҪʯлһǵĶ䡣ԸɺӣһһѹĻҲǿԳһѪġ
ð
ִᣬȳֻһӡ
ǵ磬ⶼǿԱġ
ɣкôġ
ֲÿһҵӶ޲ЩϣЩ᲻֮ǰ㻹˵Ҫ쿴ң˶û˼ˡ
𽥴ҪԼһ뷨ġ
òҪԼˣһֶź岻ˡ
ԼõҲϣԼź߰
һ仨ҲȲϰٻʢġ˵еľ¼ҺƼˮ꣬ҲǿȻʼáֻж㣬Ҳĵġģ곡Ϸѡҵı齣ǰɡ
Сһͨ鰮Һȫûκѹ
ٿ˼Ҷˡһ˵һЩһ֮
ƭӡ
㶼ˣŮ˺˴治ɫġ
һ黰δ䣬һĺȻҿ˹
ʵҵĿ̫ˣҪӶ
׺һòɫƽﻯΪ˼ߣҲвŮӶʾĽ¶˫֮ЩŮӾͻ֮
ʿΪԼΪ޵һһᱻͨų⣬οࣿ
ǻ˺֮Ľޡ
һ˵⿴ȥʱʿװģĽƿƺ֮ǰ˲һ
һεȥ֮ʱԷûнƿ¶һЦ
ʮֵĲá
˼Цʲôһ鲻ʵ
Ϊ͵˼ұˣҾֳֻܱĬ΢Ц˰ֱ׳˵˵ˣЦһЦ˵ٸء
ǸС泤ÿģ
˵Ͱ治£
磬㿴ʲôأ䣬磬ҪСһ㣬ǧЩʿݡ˵ֱӺʥѧͺˣα
彣޵ʥأལ޶йʦ˵ʥҲһҲΪһʥ߹·
ʥǰҲ˲ĿˣǸʲô࡭ݣгɵҲûм磬һҪúñԼǧŮްҿĻ˵˺ĵĶ塣磬һҪԼĸ硣
ҸȢһѵӣֻԼ͸
ҪǸ£ϵ²Ҫȥ
Сְ黰Ϊȳ˼󹬴ʮ꣬ЩƺȺ˼ľġ
Щˣźɵľȫۣ
ǡ
ĲңͲҡҹЩεĿԼɵãһҲҪӺһһжǿȻƽҪ׼
ƲƲ죬ûٶ˵ʲôˡ
ҿ͸ߣֳħǱ߿˼ۡ
һöѿ
ħ޾ͲÿģȻĵ֣
ðɣȻĵħ޲ȥҲǳúÿħޣ߼Ҳûʲôë
һħޣϵĹе֮ǰɱһ
ŶŶŶ˼ǣǵʱɱǸСģ˸ϵģͻȻ
˼
û£ϲǡڰʱеǻ͵ϮԾ󻼡
ǳħô˵ĺǲǸħ
ʦ֣Щʹ˼Ҷ˭ֿзЩ׺ͷ
üһǶ׼ȥˣôֳһˣ
ǸŵĳϣҲǽ̩ɽҲǴڵΪ˵˼ײΪôɣ˼ǲѳάΰġ
Ȼô˴ʱ൱꼰㡣
ŶҴŶˣЩǲУҲ쵼
λܹ֣ҲΪж棬Ҽ򵥽䡭һüĿĳ϶ڶལ˵
ա
Ȼĸ磬Ӳ쵼ô


44 
쵼һǽһ졣
ߣûʱ
ӽֵʷĴٵԼжһĵᣬԱߵţ»ٽҹϢġ
˳һᣬЩ̩ɽƽİþǿ۵ᣬӭɢǰȥ۵ʱ̵죬ʱ䳤Ϊʮ궼Сɢʵ̫ˣÿϵľ²˲ǵĵǸֻԵɺ츳ȱһɣÿ˵Ĺͬʲͬ۵۳ʲôΪ۵еᣬ̫ɲڻ༦
ϧǴ󣬵ϢȫּвţΪš
档
ʲôжΪԼƭƭɢ޶ѡ
һ;ǳ츳˺ͱġ
ȻΪη޷У
עң²ŬҲܹɾͽ𵤡ЩŵӶǵģŬҲڡһӼУͻûȡóɹҪȥ£ȻȡôһԴԼУֱ׷Բԣ
бмģĵرϴ裬û˵ģܹøֻԵԷҲΪģԶޱʿ
汾Ӧ˵飬ʹ֮Ҳܹɹ󲿷ֵʿʺϳΪһʿǳֻ֣ȡǵȥЩˡ
пĺܡ
Ҵ˸ǷЩ˵Ļһֶûȥ
һεĽִ࣬ϣܹ˺ڽ֮лԼĻԵδ֮ܽһӣֵڴѾڿг֡
ߣһԺ𣬲ҷӦѾһų˵һݶӡ
һƿǰ赲磬Щ绹ûнҵѾһĽһɶ
ȫûиоκεĲʡ
֣Ȼǽơ
ڽ֮ǰ紵òٽֱӴӷɽ£һ㣬Ĵµ¡
Թ۵ĳ䣬Щδ뽣־Ѿʧȥʸʿǽסһȥ
ܹƿģʸڽ
̶һ˲䣬޾Ѿֳ˸¡
һݶӵģԨڵĵǾռһ롣
ӡҡ㡢ʦʦ㡣
ҹҲŷɽȻһֱӳ嵽˷ߣҲ·硣
彣Ҳв˳
ؽȻЩ󣬵ǿҲ˵һݶӡ
ڵĽһиһ֦㣬ȻٶȱȷӻҪ죬˰ң뵹µķɽɢź⣬Ҳ֪ʲôƷ֣
ʣµĵڶݶһЩҵĵӻɵĵǡ
һѵĲɢޡ
ҷſʶʱھͽЩ˶˸
ģҿסˣû嵽һСһʱ죬ǸڵĵӣǸޣ㶼Ҫúע⣬ǲȷӲǸڵӣĽҵĸо֡
֣
ԣҸоǰѽκεĽ飬ǰѽȴƺһ˿ϢҾЩİ־ЩϤ²ʲôƷǰֻ벻ˡһѵ
ֻüǸڵһۣѾɽ˽
ڹ۲˵ʱȻҲһЩע⵽
ƣҳ˵һݶӵʱϵЦݾͲɵĴ˳
ʦùȻ˵ûв׾
һ
˱ȳƻҪأȻҲǲܽ뽣ֵġ
ƷҲܽ룬ֻôЦĳ
ճ֮ǰ˵ģǳԨڵĵӶڽֵһʯǰϡһʯ˾ǳԨڵһλǰڽԼĽ⣬ͬʱҲĳԨڵһ˿
ĵͼ֮⣬յȫľǳԨˡҲֵһݵͼʶһʱͳǿʯǰϡ
˳㿴һЩֵķ羰
̫׳ˣ
ҵ۾
ŴССʯЩʯҲͨʣȫȡһĿ˼Ӳ֮ûκŵ㡣ΨбϵĽʯۼҿԽʯϵĽⱣ겻ɢƵڽ޵
ʯЩߵģǧһ۶ͷ𺳳Ҵʧɫ
ЩСģǰСĲۣ·ߵӲҰһ۾׽˺ԡ
ʯͺһһĸɽ
ÿһʯһ¹ĺۼ
ЩʯϵĽˣҲͬ޼
ҿЩʯĪ
Ȼϲ磬ҲòϣÿһصڡȻִܹĸϢϴ񣬵ЧЧÿһ˶оС
˵ҲһЩ־ʯĽ⣬ı
ôྪž޵ǰǶܷ;䡣
οأ
Ϊ͵ĽУΪ˱ǡ
һ͹ϵĹԼʶ
нǹͬʶ
Ϊ̫̫ལ޵Ľ⣬ͬҲ̫ལǵѾȷҪĳһ彣ŻſʶȻһֱſʶĻòһʱ˱ɷӡ
СһľҲ̾ҿһûа취ˡ
ΪκˡһƯڿУʯҲͬӡ
ҲҪ˼˼һҵʯͻȻ²˵ǽԻܳܳʱ䡣һˣһϣܹҵʯǰһ˵̵ļһʹҲûйϵʱҾʯϣҵĹ־°Բ϶кܶལһͷˮĴҵʯǰ߹˵ܳΪһֵĴ򿨵㣬ô

ô˵׷ʵ㲻ҵ뷨ܰô
졣һЩ͵ĥҪһݺݵĴϼ㲻ġ
ڣôܻ䣿
ֲͷҲȥͱλҲ࣬Ҳûʲôر׷һȥʳΪԳԺȺȵûƽŮޣôܻ;䣿
˶ǻģʿҲǻģҲܷɹĻش˵ЩҲûɶ˼һеĻء»ôƯССûмôʳûгԹҲ᲻ء
һ鲻ֱӼӿٶȣҺܿ͵Լʯ
ףʦ߾ȻиˣԶԶļ߾ȻһЩ档
·ΣҲŵġ
ǳԨڵĵڳ֮ǰͳһĶɷĺɫķΣϹųԨڵƣһԼһױݣϺͬŴһ¡
ȵҿһЩӺ޶һͬתͷҲſ˶Է
Ȼ彣ڵһһ
ʦáӳ΢΢ס
ǳԨڣȻôӣŶǸ彣ڵʦϵҵİɡһһЦЦĿңЦﻹΣա
ҵЦһ
˹
˵ڲܻӭõΪӣһתΪʽӡʦû۹һ˸õġ
ǳԨԵһĻشʦãõģǹҲġ
Ҳ˼ӣǴ˹ȥ
彣һһ
һ׹Ĵڡ
ܶ಻ʶ˶ΪǸˣĲֱͬӺʦ֣Ҳûȥ͹ʲô
޲ŮֻҪǿͺˡ
ԭ
Ȼһֱװ磬ҲŮĪӢ֮ʵʵĵȷǸŮӡ
װ磬Ǿװӷ㣬ұˡ
һһӵеľŽ彣ڡ֮һŽĵѰĺüһһõŽʼͱһʵĽžʦҪߣֱթ
ȡ
֪һһǸŮ֮һĹͷӴʦֵcp
ϧûа顣
֮䣬УվһǸֱк͸ֱŮĶԾһ˵ֵܶĿףȫûκεĻѧӦһǾҪμƴɱɢһֽľս
ͼCPĲӡ
ʦ㡣ҹĳһһ˸
һλҲǾȷӻҪ
Ľͽ鲻һһһ۾ͿԱߵĹһ飬ͦİģĽʲô֣
ͽСһûʲô֣ԭѾƣҷһЩŽ޲ϡҵĽҲһй治ɫĻشʦĽ飬Ҵ۽硣
Ž㡣
վԱߣоԼڵĽ𵤶ڴҪ˼ҽչ
ҿµǣŽѾȫΪʵ塣
ܹΪʵĽ飬ǵûʯ
ִһһۣλʦЬ˸ǴĲͷֻһͨͨľϵ·Ҳһͨ鲼ûκεķáҲȫϼ룬ƹˣؤһ㡣
εϾľ
ҿһһ񶼱ó
̫ˡ
ǸӵĽЩ鷳Ҳ֪ʲôġڣϣʱǴЭ飬ڵĵûб֮ǰʱƽദһһҳݵ񿴵ʮȻĿ⣬Ҳ⡣
áӺԥľʹӦ
ˣǸҹҪСһ㡣ǰȥ崳żȻһΣƺ彣ʥΪصˣһ塣һһ䣬ҪǾսˡҲܹ˵˼Ҿˡ
ؽɣƺһλҼ˽ӡҲͶұطΪҲһ
鱨֮󣬷Ӳźһһ
תͷͿùŹָӵ
ʦúι㿴ңӲкβԣǺ彣ڵȷУҲǻΪ˽ԷĴڡͬΪţԴͳȻҪֵġ
ûУֻǾã֧ˡҸ̾ѵԭʦҲܺú˵ġ
ǰԨڶҲȽģԶԶľͿһѽˡ
ǿ쵽ˡҲѯʣǳԨڵǰʯǽڵĵʮº͡ڽҲӺʵʯҲһѡûΣա
ΪڣٻеȨġ
ȿҵҪﱣ׾ˣСһ⡣
Ҳֻˡ
ܿ죬ԨڵĵҲ½½ʯ
ֻЩϻһЩ˿ڡ
ںһģɵģͻܵ
ǺһݶӣǸ࣬ǻе;оͽһЩԼߵĶ֡
棬ΪⲵӣûκԹۿġ
Ҳ˵κ鶼ġ
ҲɵӶҪȺԭ򣬲Ȼ棬֪ôġ
ʯ棬ǺһңʿǵĹǻҡ
طʱʱ̿нӣʬܹ£
ĳһʯ˽⣬Ż졣ʿǣҲͨʯķӦƲʿ˽⡣ȵʿǴϵϢֱܷ˭ˡ
Ǹʱ򣬾ǸҫԼĵӳɾͣͳû˵ʱˡ
ڳԨڵĵʵӲһʣȫˡ
˼ħޣҪûɱǡһϸµĲԼĽһЩں֮ڣҪǵһʱ䣬ҿ϶ǵڶˡˣʦãԱĽôôߣ
ȣǻλɹٻûȫΪ˲ˣȴߡѾдʣܹýɳĸ죬ҾͰųˡ
еҲԽųˡ
ҵĽûء
ֲʦɵô죬û뵽ĽҲн飿
ӵн飬ýǶôĽһ°
ǳԨҲֻзӡҡغϡ֣֮ĸӵнѡ
һ̾Ͳһˡ
ҷɽ鳤Ҳԣǿеˡ
غϺ֣֮Ľ鶼Ů飬ҲͦÿģʮֵӢˬ
ƺͼ棬ԺҲк
СһĬġ
СһеְһֱڿʲôأҷСһһֱڳĳ򿴣֮ҲһֱĬҲ֪ʲô
ߣƺܹоһָǵϢһԥһʵ˵˳ϢֵģҪܷ֮֡
ʦүָǣ
ЩȣôҲУ
ʦүĹͷѵǷɢȫĸôôһطܷһ顣
ϸ룬Ҳܺ
ǽ޴棬ĵָ֮ǣĵط϶Ǻͽйصġ
һ飬Ҳ
һǳԨڵĽڣֵģͽйصĵطָǵĿԺܴ
Σգǡ
ǾȥɡҲȹһ齫񶨵Ļ˵ڣѾ˾ˣѵȥô˵Ҳֻǰʵ״̬ܹһ飬Ӧܹ۵ĸʵҲָһɡ
ҳŹһЦЦΪԼĽ£Ӧõġ
һһԼĻĲʲô


45 
˿̣ԨڵĵѾȫۼһ
ûкһһ֮ǰӵ뷨ǴһжгԨڵͷڣ˳ǿսĸǶñܿߡ
񣬷ӵ뷨һı䡣
һһͻȻܹ˵Ҫ֣һˡһһ˽⣬֪Ů˵ֱĽһֲһһǲʲôԲŻѰ
⣬ڽһһС֣֮ϳң彣ʥصһ󱲶鶼Եø˷ˡ
ϣ֮ΪߵģЩʦʦʱ졣Ѿ˾ѰҽʯԼ⡣֮ǰ˵ģ֮ͬʱҪԱ߻н֮£ʱ֪ͨҡһ¼㣬Ӧ֧ҵˡ
غӵнĽ֮һΪϸģԭڰӹ飬뿪غʺϵˡ
ʦ֣ôͻȻ͡غϲ̫⡣
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غϵֿ̫ҸоԼʹ
СһΣղ
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ȻģΪҪȥ｣뷨ܿ͵õͬǵһֱ޳ɣҲͶ̾Ŀ⡣ڽǿһԸΪȥصĽ޲ֵøġҽͽǻɾ͵Ĺϵǿˣ޲ܱǿҲһġ
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ΪûзǿѹȻһǱŽģĻǱûһЩҲԽԽˡ
ȻҲܵһǵѹ
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46 
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ұҪ˵ĺһСһģûδǣͿ֮Ʈһë״ŷɫĺôǰ

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ءҵС椣ͻȻҴˣҴˣҲýҲ㣬ʦܾҪûа취ء
ţ
ҹЩɵˡ
ҵĶҪת۾ץס˰ҹһͷС椣ëôҪˣҸ𶯡
ҹһʱû䲻ľͱץסͷ
˵ţҶģһ˳ŰҹͷŽƺҪ￪ʼ
С椣𶯰
ûڶ
УСʲô
ҹû뵽ľƷܹ̶ȡ
֡
С椣Ķÿ꣬УʦܷˣҾ
ҹæʩ˸תӣȷûƷ˾
һĿ
̫ΪԼӵõô


47 
ܶʿһִǾҴ򲻹ӵõ
ҹȻҲ֮һ
ΪҲ벻ףΪʲôһ𵤺ڵʿٶȻô죿
ͺñڣΪԼܹӵõһ̾͸оԼĶڱࡢ
С椡ĶáҴһãľ״˰ҹΪװͷ
ҪֱӽҸɳȥĶѾס
һԼԼĶҲˡ
ҪǣǰŮ˿ôǵʱԼСĽˣһô죿඼ǺܴģŽڵΪ
һʱ䣬ҹȻЩ޲ߡ
ҷſҹĶ䲻ʲô˶ġң˾Ȼһʿ
ʲôЦҪǴȥôߣ
ҵַǵûͣ£һʼͷˡ
С椣ëƤôͻȻͲˣҶʵͷ̫ˣҰ
ŹһԾԾԡ
ҹĶ̾
ҲˣǱͷƴһѣ
ô˵ҲǸ߽ʿƴŶ˵ˣҲǿһԵġᾡƺŮ޾˵ġ
֪Ů޾ôǳƷôҲְ취׻ġ
ۼŰҹѾ쵽ˣһҲϽѵˣҪ̲סˡ
ָãҪܻΪԭ;ͺˡ棬ҲǹˣСһңõʱ򱻷װ
ǵģֱĺ꣬ײ
Ⱦ£⼸ʱû
ΪһϸװƷʲôļֱǱرܡ
֮ǰʲôʱ䣬˼ԼһܷŹĺû᣿
Ҫôƴͺˡһ̲ס̾˼䡣˵ƻôŮһĺ꾫ˡ
ģ׶ѧı£
˵ҵ׶ʲôʲôĻͳôһˣһʱ򣬺ǰδе
ôʲô鶼ǣΪ
ΪĶ˵һЩֵʱ΢һ㣬һ˹ȥ
С椣ҡ
ͻȻסȻȥ֮ǰץŰҹҲȥ
ҹʲôܱ֮ʱͷֶԷѾȥ
֪ģҹ˿
䣬ٿϵңҧҧʩ˸ŲһȥϢ
Ųʱųʶ̽һ£ǰʶҲˡ
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ܺãһƷľƹ
֮ԼһҪԶһ㡣
͵ʴˡ
ԼһʱҲûһ
ƵĺѾȥˡ
ôεˣ׹ӣôɫ̫ã֪ʵ
Ժ󡭡Ⱦơҹãôһ䣬ĳ˻뿪ˡ
һᱨģ
Сһÿɰ۾ð⣬ˣȻ̵סң
Ҳ֪Լдô
֪˭ȵģ˵ˣҪ֮ǰųⱻ˲ôҪõһУһ֮ҺͰҹƯСҲûа취ʲô˵˺ðɡҵߵʲôùˣôƯС綼ܺһˣȻһζȴİأ
ҾԼ϶Ǳˡ
ʵ̸ͦģġ
Ͼ°ʱȽ϶࣬ҲҪҵһʱ䡣
ϱһֱֹļӰ࣬˵̸ˣʶһ˶˵ǸԺúõˣҲǾ˧磬֮ǰúõģ˺ͻȻòԾˡ
Щ˧磬۾Ϲô
Ȼںڵꣿ
ҾҪ˼һԼһѾûʲô˵ˣ֮ǰҶԼ֪֮ڿֻ֪֮档棬ֱŵһͿ
СһǧĴʩʩȻվҪú÷˼һԼ
Ҫ˼ԣʲôϵ
΢Ц

ҪСһ̫ÿǰƣɫֵһӱθߣôڰҹ޶ԣּ˧磬˯׬ôֲỳС
ϧ֮󣬾Ȼֻ˼ҵëͶ䣿Ϳ˼ξͿë
Сһ϶û
Դװһ֮󣬰ҹôҶò˳
ֻҪһŮ˵ߣ̲סԼ
˳裬һҪϴˢ
׵ѣǶ޽֮ˣȻһ°ɣ㵽ֹͺãһýڵΪġҹ
ֻҪд裬ⲻ˻ˡ
ʱԼֻҪŽ˴İͺˡ
ҽǲ׳ˡ˱Ļᣬңû˿ϽģֻҪ뿪֣ð׹Цˡ
׹СС;ǽ𵤺ڣδ̫ǫˡ
ҲǣûУĸɶɶУϺȵһͬʦʦǲӦñʦˡ
⻰˵ˣҹҪ˵ʲôȴ˵ʲôʹˡ
ǱˡΪ˱ҹԼ鷳ֻŪһתע
ˡ뺣ԶԶȥȻһӰ
׹Щ˶һأҹζĿңû뵽׹ﻹı¡
ڴҶرʶԾֻܿ۾ˡǡҴСãԲ׳˶ѡҲŲæĻش
ܿ죬Ԩ˾ͷǸӰ󣬻һˡ
ȵӰսҲŷȻһˣ
üһЩ˸òᶼܵİɡ
ôôľһˣ˵ɺϾδе̫ɺˡ
ˣؽɡ
ֻһɢޣڽ뽣ֵʱȴǵһݶӵˡң˿ŵķһЩҵӵܡҲ֪ʲô취ЩҵӵܣȻհ?
νĽң˵˶һЩϵļһ
һļҴҪôãҪô֮ûа취ôһŽչţţǵû취ѧĽпܻᱻ˽ԼҵĽıȥ
ҲĵȷȷһЩŻͽǰȥı˼ҵĽ
ЩĽһܶʱô˵һĽȻܹƾշչأԨһرᴴ콣ʦү˵ĻۣݱģҪڽϷһȻֻһЩѪȵֶˡ
ʱԭʼۣǴѪġ
ˣǾֻܹ̲Է⣬һһ׼ҴνĽҡ
˵Ԩھǽ֮еĶ˾ôЩҾЩνļͥʽֹСˡ
СȻкܶ׶ˣʤȶȫҲܻһЩ˽һľͶ
Щң˵ΪǣһЩ鷳֮ҲһЩĽӣϧ˼֮ͥУҲûܳʵڿϧغһ֣еĵӶͣ
ǶǳԨڵųǵó
ԨڵĵͳһվɫĮжŽͬĸı鿴ˡ
ȻмһҹȽϻ粻ǵûӰ쵽ƣһζ
ҹͻȻԼ񶼲ȺģǱȺвķ²
֮ǰЩǽύóԨȻ⣬·ҲˡǵȵڣҹͻȻ˳Ԩܹò˥ԭ
ʮĽվһɢʵ̫ǿˡ
Ϊ߹ǺüǰԵѷɫ˼֡
Ԩô
Ȼ鴫
ȻԨƲס˰ҹͬҲԷΪ׵ЩҵĵǸסˡ
ھʮҵľ룬Ҳͣ
ɼصѡѾͷ֮˭
Ȼӹ뿪˳ԨڵĶϢǼٵġ
ͷغϣǷӡ
ɵ˿
Ϸӣûʲôա
Ƕغϣ˵ܴһ
ԭǷѣغϼ򵥵Ĺ˹֣ҪǰӣǴӶ߻
ɾĿغһۣİγԼĽ
ĽӵҲԼĽ˳
غϲĿ
صѣҪǰôԵĻܲ鷳ͬأƵ˵ȻҲҪһֱﵲţԼһ£ͬžͿԼˡڴ֮ǰƵС
ҲҸô˵һͲסɣҪô⽣н޵ģһҪѡˣҲǳԨڡʲôʸռߣ⣬Ҳܽʯռ˰ɡ
ǳԨѵǺ۸ģ
Ǻǣǲȥ۸ˣѾǺˡ
ʹߵȻҲؽ·ӡ
ƫƫҲؽҪҸһˡ
ɳԲѷ̾˳ϸҪҸںͷɴһ
ιιʦ֣˵ĺһڻҰ
Ҳ²۵
ҪܾͲҵõĽô
ðɣӴ֮ǰʦϵı֣Ͳ̫ܶߵҪ
ҲǱΡɳ̾һһˣЩˣǶǰ˹ҲвףѵصҪΪ˺Ǵô㳤ԨڵôˣҲⲻ˰ɡ
ɵиʮˡ
ԪӤڵΪ
ؼЩ󶼸վһң͵ɼҲǸԼ֮ͥӣʮܿءȻɱ˲֪ԨҲʲôħޣҪһֵɾҪɱôལĺӡ
һɡغûżػǷ˻ȥ
˵¹ǵǷ˵ԣҪǰˡɻҡͷ
ЩҵĵҲǷ׷ſڡ
صѣҲйһ֮ԵҲǶ֣ҲصѸ̧֣ʱ뿪˴ɡ
Ԩڵλѣ˴ιұضȥ֪ĸţһ档
λ̧֡
غԽˡ
תͷҡ
ΪҪߣмǾ˰ҹ񷽲ɺЩҵǵı־͸ӼӾغеĲɡ
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ɳĬƬ̣Ǹ˿϶ش
Ǵʦ棿
ʦ㣬Щ˷йŹ֣òǴʦְɡ
һҪȥùÿ
һӾ棬Щ˻赲Ԩڵĵǲɱı
ӵѲκΣյġɷҲ﷢µԣǾûжԷӵѲ뷨
ȤҹͻȻóһֵֽҵĽַֽˡȻȲ֮ǰһΣҲڸңһսǷӣֻ˭ܹӵôĽأ
ԭҲҪȥߵġ
֪ԨҲҪȥߣ˳Ҳͬе˼
û뵽֮ǰЩˣŶ߶ˡ
Ҳ˵Щ˿¶źԼһĿġ
뵽ҹЩá
Ҫȥʦͽʥ˺úһ£˵ϢʮֵأǳԨں彣ڵҲ֪ôڿɵãʲôèŶˡ
Ҫ˵Ϣû¶š
ϢԽԽŨˣҸҿ϶滹һָǣֻص̫ˡһ˵ǰ˵ҲкüڻսҲ֮һ
ȥòᶼǳʦүָİɡԭֻ뵽ôһˡ
ϾһָǿСһָô࣬ʦүǰǽɰݱ˵һնɱ򣬿ɼʵȺ
ԣָǣҲΪ֮еǰ
Ҫ˵Ҳˣ
ӦǡһҲ벻ˣҶоλõĻҲҲǲҪø˽ȥ
СһҪʱȥұָǣģҾáѾЩԥһεԼ۱ˡ
ǱģôĻСһʵҪĿ֮½ߣѶȲһĴ
ңڿɻԪӤڰ
Ϊָǻܼ򵥵õ֣ڿֱǵ֡
Ҳáһԥľͬˡ
һָҵİΣҪ
Ӧôˬ죬ҷҡˡ
ȿȣҲǲ´ˣҲ滹ʲôıҲһ֮ǰǽָǾڻؾҲǰҲһĶĹȥָǶСһ˵϶ǺҪĶΪԼԼҪǾôˣҲ̫ûƸˡ
ȻҲûֶ
˭ҲеѪͷأ
ѣÿغڶ̶ʱܿ˾
ΣǳԨڶû·ıҪ
ңʦֻǰ棬Ϊ·ȴʦ֣ԺﻹĿȥ
֮ǰʹӦʦˣһչ˺еʦʦǡ
ҪõģǴʦַӡ
ֻзڣǳԨڲδ


48 
ŵһ
صѣһҪôɻŬⲢҪ顣
ǹ䣬ô飿غ˵Ѿſڴ˷ɵĻ
磬㻹ʲôһ³ԨڵĸУʢ֮£ǲʵһҵĵѾͲסνϣ˼Ϊһ⣬ڷ֮ʻһ˿硣
ΪǵļҴ
ıλΣڳ֮ǰܽأӶﵽԻˣڵ˻δԤ֮ǰͱĵزҶѾرʶ£
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ȴлԽʸ񵲣ת˲֮Ѿס˶Էʮ
׾ٵ赲˶ԷĽ
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ԷûгѾĹΪޡ
ͬΪԪӤڽޣѲ֮Ĳô
ҲԼ֮ӣֵܽöĶ֣ȻҲܴ⽣֮СԼȲϷģԨһ洫Ҳˡ
ֵҲһû˵˶ѣȴչֳ׵ʵ
ʦ㣬֮ǰǰһҪ˽һԼںϽ֮ʲôĽչ翪ʼ֤һҵʵˡлûж࿴Էһۣսվм䣬Ҫһô
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Ѧɽħ޵Ե׻ںħ֮ʲôЭ飬Ӷ֪ԼһӦĳҪ顣
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ˮ£ӦһʮǰǰԨڽڣ󽣵ĽʦĪǰߡ
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ΪԨڵĴʦ֣Ե˵ʱǲܺ˵ġ
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ʦãĽôغϵҲͻıʸˣö˶˵ģô;أҲûð޺ͽǱԼϵڽ޵İܵԶҲǿԽٻġ
ҵĽ黹ûвȫһѹŽ飬ûܳ޲Ҳ˼ȫޡǸղţͻȻ˵ǰϤϢһƣ϶֮ǰǰĽ˽⣬ܵôģɶ񣡡
غԭľһӾת
ҵҵͷϱһ͵ñһ
ʦãҲǳеġǲܳշԼĽ飬ỳǰҲġЩڽڣһԸΪЧءغ
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ЩԼ彣пûб鿴ϵˣһǺúõԼıɡ
Žĺá


49 
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һʱ䣬ʯ·ʱʧȥ˹ʡ
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ʶޱǿҲޱȰԵɱ¾֮£еĽⶼԵС
ӸоٯǰѽͻȻǿ

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ڣǧǧÿһѽ¶
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ȿȣˡٯ³һѪӺɽѾױΧ˴ʯ
һ֮ӣУ


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ޱǿɱ¾ͽ⣬ȻСҲԳΡ
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ٯתȥѦɽԬ԰˵岻֪ΪαضϣڵԪӤͼȥȴҲɽơ
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ڽֽȫɲǣڸЩԨڵӣˢˢĴ˸
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ƫţ
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Ҳ֪Ĳ֪齣ǳϸҵģǾز֮ʸõ齣ҲǳϽҵġٯ˿̻ѪΪѾն䣬Ψʣһά
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ǰޱǿĽ飬ûôƺǹ˼ʲôһֱýСġ
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˭ʲôһ龯Ŀˡ
ֻǿиɶѣٳˡ
ҵޣԼĻ
ķŹǡ


50 
һֻҪѧҵӸԷȸָ
ǹһ飬Ƿ彣Ҫ˭ʸŹǣҲĪ
ǰһ嶼ǣ
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һ뵽Ժ߶ͷˣһӲԼɱѹ
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ֻܳһҲֻһˡ
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ͷǴӦȳˡ
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ռˣھȻҪȳ
ֻҪŲһӮǼѾ˷֮⣬ҲΪ⡣
ܹõ˵غͺ£ǶһϿɡ
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ҪԸ彣ʥҪĲδҪ÷Ľȥ֪һ߲ʦһ
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һֻԥһ˲Ѿ˼ƽϡ
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ԭӵǽʥҲɵüͷ
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ɫͺƴ̫ϽضϵһĨ磬ҫۣȵˣɱŨ޼ѰҲ޴ڡ
ֻһɿýߵĹϡжԽʼնҡļᶨԡ
ǵ˫֮УֻܿһĨ硣
ꡪ
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˶ƱһƬտɽȣ콣Ǵɽȵһ磬ƾδҲԾ¡
콣ھĻԼĽơ
ڡ
ǰκ赲һƿκο֮
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ĳ콣⿪ʼϱãһ̾ѾΪһ޴ޱȵĺɫӡ
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Щɫīһ㣬еĽ⡣
˺ܾãֻֻһ˲
Ѿκ
·𿴼ԽĸɽƽһƬء
ֻɽ֮һСС
ָоͺһעõĻ˾ϰ壬ºͼ־ҪԽ˫һ궼ӲҵĻֻУûԼˮһ
ꡣ
⻹ô棿
۷վŵģּĹӱ̬ô
ЩޣӦʵʵĴԼɽҪһĽҪǿսĽƣһӶûа취Ľˡ
˼õǽõĶʲôʺ
һֱԼ츳ģԼô˵ҲǴԽģ˼˼ҲҪ츳Ҽӳһ¡ּսžãԼȻƬˣȻġ
ҺԼѡƽ
ȻҪĿȥԽͶ̥Ҳûа취ԽּĴڡ
ʧʱ
ʤѷ֡
Һ͹һͷβֻһ
Ҳֻһ
Ѿƶҵһûе£ԼĽ⽫ɢ
е۸˼ʵ˵ĸо
Ӯˡ
ٿǣȻһ
˽ȥͽͽ벻ʲô˿Խ̵ĳĽѾǵݣǽڽ𵤺ʱ裬Ҳˡ
˵꣬Ҫ˵ʲô
һȵȴ
ʥˣô


51 
ҹֵĿ˵ǡô
óϵʱ򶼡ǡôڵ˼
ϾĶɲʺһ
ֻҲڱ˴˹˼ŶԷҲֻס֡
ҹ֪ԼѾתһȦоϵЩ֣Ǽᶨǵǰһеڣҹʥˡ
šֵĵ˵ͷվ󡣡
ǡҹһʱ²͸ǵ˼ʤڹ
ôһתҲܹҺ͹һӿ
ƽڵʵʵ޷̽Ϊ֮ǰֵĽȻͬȻûðҹʲôԡ
ðҹעĿǹһ顣
ϾԨӵнҲôˣҲһһΡǰǸѾߵĽĸ
Ů޹ȻõӦˣ
ҹɵһɼ
ֲҲһ

ԭǰǿޱȵʿô
ʲô˼ұȰ
Էܹ彣ʥµˣȻʥҲ˿ˡ
Խ˵ǺһҪġ
ۿŽѾҵˣϾҪˣڻΪ鵤ӤŬ
˱ˣˡ
뵽ҹ֮ǰҾķŭһӾɢˡ
ҲǸˡ
Ժлǿ̬Ⱥһ
ԲۣСһҹ㣬ҪԶɡԺ󺰡
ܳ裬ԲΪôһһͻٵ˰
ҹСƯɰԼĹʲôˡ
ˣֻӰ
ĺδ޷ݣαصһ֦ݣ
ݻûСһĺÿء
ҵõڻһʮʵǰҲûˣ֮ԻڿͣͣΪýҸ
ȵƽµҹƾܸܵʹˡ
һΣҪɸ߰ꡣ
ҵƿԡ
˵ʥҪҪҪǻҪٴҾ͵ͶˡҿЦҿɲʱ
ٴˡҲޣٴȥɢˡҰҹʱҲδزǺ£ˣҲζҲпܵǶðգԣӦðȫˡ
Ǿͺá
һ֮ǰĳŵ뿪ǽʥҲ֪ԼѾû壬ҰҹҲصĺ󱲣ɱҲʵЩϧЦֻҲòһ䣬ǶһܹԦġҲе㱾£ϧҲȫȫǺΪ֮һұˡ
лʥˡҹֵһΣҲᾡȫġ
㻹İ㶼Կ
ŵݻ˼һСƵģƤֲҪǮҷˣҿһֱ˼ҵĽôʶ
еӡ󣬵ǲʶ
Ұʡ
˵꣬ҾֱӿڣǰҼ彣Щ죬ֻǲ֪Ƿ㣬֪ɷ֪һ
ȻԷ彣ҡУͲʲôصĶ²⣬ֱѯʡ
ǵȻӦʶңӦҲ뵽ǵĽڣ֮ˡԼĽһ˿Ҳһͨͨ壬ûʲô߼޵ѪûʲôѵõǸʱ
ǳԨڵĽѿڶ
ϧĽѾɢˣ顣ǰˣ⽣ֵ룬Ӧþϰɡ̾˿ȻûмĽ彣̤뽣ĻԵҲƵҵʦڵõĳ֮󣬱ܵڽϵĲҰæķŹǣԴ˶
һǵ˵ֿһѽֻԽͷѡ
ԺƺкܶӰ
ܶ˵Ժ졣
ʦʦʦֿʼˣҪϢҪԷҪɽء
ʦʦķĺѳ԰
ʦʦ˺ģģΪʲô˶ҰȴҰأ
ʢֶɣҪҵĽȡһ֣
ʦллһ֮˵һ£ͽһְɡ
СһСһôˣҲ֪ʲô飬ܹоһ˿̵ʮֵļܵʲô̼һ
һֽ
һֽ૵Ľڣֺö졣
ʥһֽǽʥңһ̾ҲǲãŲ鵽֡Ͼ֮岢ֵô顣һƽƽʢǰֻǵ÷Ĵӣһ콾ƽƽȴ˼ǵã൱ͽ壬ĶӾһ㱻İ
ҹں
֪ʶһ㲻ԡ
ʥǰƺһͬʲôȻʥˣؼǣܻĽйأǽʥ彣Ķʥһֽ
ϢҪǷųȥԨڵĽҪը
Ȼǰ֮ҲǳԨڵ״ӣ彣彣ʥĶ˵ȥᱻʲôӣ
ԼȻǰ׺׿ɲֻһãԼͽʥ֮ĹϵҲûеֺõ׵ĳ̶ȣڽʥ˺ǰŮӵȴûбԼ
ҹ뵽ɫɷס
֮ǰͬң룬ҪͬӦԼɡ
뵽ʥ֮ǰԼĽֽ˼ͻȻ֮ǰ쳣
ҹ亹ʱð
ΪʲôҪ
ǣھҪӣҲӵõ
ǡֻô
ҳĬ
֪СһΪʲôôͷˣΪļɡ
룬ʦүҲĺܲסΪ˵ӷɣֱ䣬֮ʬǻ˼ҸˣҲֲĵˣ˵ĻԵҲҪԼʦŹˡ
Ҳ֪ʦү׻һʲôôమĵǣ
СһҲˡ
СһԸôƭһǱĺúõġʦүƷУôӵĽ飬ӵĵأ
ҲգǸϣԼĵȥæŹǰɡû˵ʲôǳԨڣҲþһЩ飬Ҫ
˵꣬ǿ˰ҹһۣһͬ˴˴
ҹսս
һֱ뿪˽֡
ҽǵķѾʼƮɢ֮ǰ˹һһҲཫɢˣҹҲҪģͿСϲˡ
˷ģסҹæ¿ͷʦϣܵһݡ
һΣΣȴҲǻܲһɳ죬Ϳˡ
СһҸоҿ첻ˡҼ˶ˣ˿ôĶڵҲܿͻ
Ѿˣܿͻᵽ
һҲûˡ
ȻЩżǵһӦѾˡһ΢΢ЦҸҸط׼һ£鵤Ӥɡ


52 
һ黹ĸһõĵط
ܽĵطҪҵһϡƫƧַѣԹһ˵ҲǺȿˮ顣
Ҳõģйһڣûʲô۵ĸҹмģһҲԽǸŪ
Ƚùһ鵣ĵģԼ
鵤Ӥɵһ鵤ӤҪٵģٹһħٽ¡Ȼ˵ħǿûйħٶħҲǰ취Ի⣬ôһ;ϵ׷ͻԷˡ
һᣬõδôܹ͵
ˣ׼ȥʱ򣬹һǧһε鵤Ӥһֱħ٣ҲµĶһҪ侲ѳֱԣܶޡףʱһǣı飬㿸һ㶼ѡ
һ醪µģʱӡ
ҳӲԹһصĶٻǸӡ
ˣѾ˵Ҷ䶼ˣİɣûµĹҵͷ󲽳ɽ˽ȥ£һܶԵԼġ
˵꣬ҾͶһ˽ȥֻ¹һڶһߵǵĻһߺ˼롣
˵ߡ
Ժ˫һֱӵ֮ϡ
ۡ
ղҲƾһǿţùһ鿴ʲôˣʵΪչȣ˶һֺƱ״̬֮С
鵤ӤҪô۵ô
Ϣһã̳۶ģĬĬ
ڵѭǵһαǰǱҵ֮£ҵΧĽ𵤣ҲֻʣһҺ壬γһӤģ
һ̧ͷգϵѾʼ
ζѾʼ뵽鵤ӤĹؼһˡ
ʿ˽ڣʽ̤֮·ԪӤڣܳƵһʿ
ֻеһʿܿʼԼԪӤ֮Ҳ֮ܰСȥֻҪԪӤҲܹ
Ҳˣľʿһżϡ
ǰڵУֻҪйԲʲãҲܹϰһַһǰڵĻۺ츳ȫȫռϷ硣Ȼʵ̣ܲȷֻ˲顣ҲֻеԪӤһŻᱻΪĴߡ
ԪӤ֮£Ϊϡ
Ѿʼۡ
ҵʣģıضԪӤǿס
һԼǵԼҲһ֡
ʱһҲһɻѵΪ˽ĺ֢ôΪʲôԺôڷļأ
䡪
һ¡

ңңѡ
һûֱӽҴ˯оѡ
˭ΣԺۣȿ˵֮󣬵˹
ⲻķֹ쵼˭
ʱôʹ˯أҪǱ˿Ҫֵܴġζű±һڲ裬᲻ص˵
ȻΪȥĲŰæҹصҾѾ賿һ㣬ϴ˯ʱѽ
в¶һŲ˼ЦݣӰӵе
Ȼ㿼ǵλʱЩѾ߱ʲôˡģŬǵ쵼Ķ
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뵽Ҿһ
˽996007ڵĲֱӹҽԺסһ¡֮󳹴ֱӴְԼܹϳ˫ݵʵһҲˡ
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ңΪһûбûйϵûм۵ˣ챻쵼ۻҪᣬһ£ֹǧ
ֱҪ衣
ɵҪְ˼֮ʱȴֿԼǰͬѯԼϰ֮˶δĽǣһԼ
ҲԼûзһݹĺã
֮ĻҲֻǿԱ
û취ɻľһָɻ쵼ȴ
ľϾʱ䣬쵼ʱʱİ칫ң͵ǶɻģҪ㣬Ҳüޣĸʹ಻
ϰ࣬ѵΪɱô
ҺܻԼ
ˣСװ쵼Ҫ飬֮ǰıдĲдһݡ
ΣǲѾô
ˣҪһõġԭֻǴ쵼飬ҲһμˣҪдһݣúøɣ˻Ҫһ࣬ⶼǶĶֻвдúãĻᣬ㻹ᣬԺͻлǶĶˡ
ޣôԼ
˵ҪԵ࣬ǵĶŮҼǵȫǱŬиλȥİɡ
˵һһ׵ɶˣ
ｫ쵼˹ѪͷʵѹֻܵͷӦһ䡣
û취ҪʼԼиճˣ
һĹһصѾҹʮˣǿˡ
ҿЦһԼô䵽ز
һֱ룬Լϸ˾ʱĹĻǲǻһ㣬һ˻ֽѣͶȫͬ裬ÿĹȥӰ໹ǼӰָ࣬궼ȫ½
Ҫô
ҽˮݺݵԼϡ
ⲻҪǣ
ˮı˲١
ⲻҪ
ҿԽܹΪûйһȥҲܽҵ˹ʲôûУҪԺ֣Ҫȥ͹۹֣Ҫȥ׷翴С˵ҪϲС˵ߴдۣ顣
ڣʲô
գգ۾Щ̫⡣
ֻʱ
Ρ
ֱûӣ͵û
Ȼ绰һһĴ˹΢ȺҲڷ@
ҴֻȻǸϽȥӰġ
Ǻǡ
ˣҪȥӰࣿôһ¶ǧҶѣƾʲôΪôأ
ҪԣȸҵĹʺӸ㡣
ȥӰࡣ
ֱӽֻ˹ػ
һĿŴ⡣
֪ΪʲôܾԼȥǲġ
˻ҪϧԼһǼӰӵˣôܹ뷨أ
ҪԼ
ߵԼǰһֽ
ԼһԼ֮ǰҽԺҽԼ飬ΪԼҪľʣֽд¼֡
ְ档


53 
ԭд˲һǧֵĴְ棬˵ԼԵλӰĿߣ˵Լɻ๤ٵΣҲԼ쵼۸ʵ˵Ĳȵȣһǧȫдģǧ֡
ддţ־Ȥ
αأ
Щѵλ˲֪ôﶼĺܣֻװƶѡ
ֽЩȫ˺ˣֻǼ򵥵дΪԭְϣ֯׼ơ
ҪˣҪ档
Ҫǵڵλ˺ˡ
Ȼʱְһ꣬湻˵ġ
д˴ְ棬Ű˯
ڶΧһжˡ
ңö˶˵ְʲô࿼ϵġ
뿼ϣǧɵ
Ҫ˵ˣ٣ȥɢɢġ

ǽչϴԹ⹤ãĽƣ˼붼ǽҪְĸҲǶcall޲ҪϾϵ
˵쵼ߣĵݽ˴ְ棬һʱҲЩɵۡ
Сƽ￴Ųģû뵽˸У
СװǶһ㣬ϾҪżˣûúϢһ¡
ˣǶҪһҲΪá
ݴְʱȵûûȥú˼˼кܶ985211оʿ׼أûˡ

ҿ쵼һյ̬ԽľùŹ֡
űĴְ棬иһֱ˵ûϢһ°ɣҲûʲôá
ģϢô
⣬һ鿴Ѿʮȥ
׽ٹ룬ܹоҵܳ㡣ڵѭȡЧʺȻͬնĽҲǻ񣬻һĨϣⷽ浹²̫ġ
ĵĻħ١
һҪϵһң߶ûзӦ
Ѿħ֮ˡ
ʿħʿΪ飬Ҳ֪ҵ׻ʲô
һ̧ͷϵĽףҧҧתͷ˶Ѩ֮С
뿴ôˣһֱħ֮У鵤ӤˣԶѲʲôãô˵Ҳı飬԰æҶȹħأ
һҴĵطһ۾ͿƤЩڵҡ
ϵƽµǻúõĻĵ
٣ƽҲֻܽŹؼλˡ
ңѣҪħƭˡһ鲻ⴥңŵ
ʶȥϵʲôӦûУʶѾ׹뵽һһ
԰һħٻôô
һ΢΢ҧǲϷ
ңңǶħǼٵġ
һ£鵤Ӥ
ʼûзӦ
Ѳɣħǿˣһ㶼ô
׻˵ΪԵʣ֮ϱһ磬ͬʱֵõ˴˷ĳϣʶ츳ڣߵĵ;ҲǴδ߹˵ǳͨޱȡͬģħͬҲ磬ϴ˷ӳ֣ħٵ˵ľ͸
ұ˶ħǿȻСˡ
һʱ޹һҪ£ֻȳȥԽ⽫ڵĵطΧһ֮ǰܵĽϢǱ߷ȥ
Ȼ޷ңٶӵһ齣أ
ǿȻҲűǿ
룬Ǹʱ֮ϵ»ָ˰ɡ
һҲЩ̫⣬һʼ࿴ģʲôʱǵĸѾֵزأôһ鷳ֲµˣΪԸվȥҽԸǰչʾһʵԼɡ
ʿҪѳֱģҪҡ
Ľ棬ĵ¼ŵ½ÿһʿס
ЩڼΪңԼħޣҲͬνġħ׼򡱸סǴûеõɡ
׷Ѱڣʲôأ
룬Ͽһ˿ߡ
һһ߷ɣһﰵģȵ鵤ӤˣԼһҪúñ޲УҪԽϲһĸʱҲ޷ҪһϲҼֵĶ
ҸĸоԶǴһ˿Ưġ
Եĸңȴ֪ȥơ
ûйϵǵĹϵһ̹ġ
ƺĳ˵
ǵعͷֻгվѡ
ңôˣǶþûһݼˣƽʱڼӰڼӰ·ϣںò׿ԳһˣɲҪӣҿǴҵĹӵġùͷ۵Ŀ˵
úúã˵ȥȥЦе˵Ҿеˣٶеëġ
ȥȫˡùסҵֱۣ߰ɣʤˣ
Ϊѡ񵭼ʱοͲ࣬ҾƵ۸ҲܱˡǼƵļǮֱӶǼƵ꣬һǺŴľɫҾԼ鶼ࡣ
ããȵȡҪ۳ȥԷʱ򣬾Ϳһ߽ӵ绰һ߽ԼĹԴ򿪣ǼС
ҵ绰֮󣬹ЩǸĿңãܰҸæôæˣԭѹȥˣ˭ֱ֪ӴְˣĿָϵüҲܻع˾ˡ
˵ܰһҺγ֪ĥӲݲõļڣΪľǳɢģ²òͷҲûа취
ҰһĵPPTͺãķԼдóԼĹԣ֮ǰ¥һɣȥ
СһһڴӦ
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Ҳ̫Ǹˡ
ң鵤Ӥ
PPTĻ˯ʱ򣬶ͻȻôһ
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˭?
ĴҶרĵԼĵԣ˼ǣεصҲͬв˵򿪵ĲϷǹĵ
˴򹤻꣬Ҳü
Ӱֹ࣬

һ˳Լĸоһ·Ѱҡ
ͬʱҲԼϢ
֮ǰǵĶڵˣٯ˵ڵ˲ܲҲ鿴ģΪһӵͣ֡
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彣ڵһһ
һֱڲԶĸЩˣƺڴ̽ʲô
Ѿˣܹ˵ֻпʦ֡ʦ˵һ˲ȫ׻ʲô˶֣һӺʵ
ӦþǷˣӶˣʲôܹһ˲ɱأԽԽ֡
Ϊ֪ǲҪС¡겻񣬳ϵֶΣġ
ɴ˸£̲Ҷ໰ﶼ̣ʼĴѰ
һԱãҲûд̽ʲôɿϢЩЩ⣬˳ָҲҵֻ׼ȷûôߡµӦþ⸽ǡ
֮ǰҪɱЩӰ㶼ѡħԼʱпٲľءðյĿܣǲȥġ
ԣֻʣһ·
һӦãȷӵڡʱ䲻ˣҪЩڵĵ֮ǰ룬ߡ
뵽һ߶Źһɵ˺ܹԶľͷųһ˲Ľ⡣
ʲôˣ
еˣ
СЩȥ
ڵĵǱЩ֮ھôĵطܵǿ⣬ֲٯ
ڣ
һ׼϶Щ˼תȥɲǣֱûһ鰫Сͨʯ֮С



54 
Źİࡣ
ÿһӰԭ򶼲һ
˵ˣҲѾͷۣҪְˡ
ң˵Ǵ˵ǲľôࣿ
ֻ࣬Ǻܶ˲˵˶ѡҵͷ˼ûдԼ˵ǿѧᣬһܹٴƽײ˵Ķдڷд
ǰܹɣܣܹԼ˾ͺˡʵڲУԽҲ԰ֻϧǶŮǣôõô࣬󻹲Ҫʵʵ򹤡ҿҵĴ˵ġңҲúÿһ¡̾Ϣ˵̺һֱڸҶŲסˡ
֪ҵͷֻǾã˲ã벻ܾôǰߣһʲôûС
ôأѹǴڶδ飬һ˳ԱȫҲһôѣһԺӣĸಡٲԸҲֻôھֻˣǴСͱ̵ҪŬҲڶŬΧΪŬܵõһСеʱҲԼҵ֮һЩҫ飬ڣܹҽ˰ҾѾܹЦȺˡ
ҶƺһϤ
˵ǵʵô
Ӱɵ˰ɣôܲʵģ۹ҵͷҪϽϢϢˡҸо仯ôǰôҲ쵼Ҳ˵߾ߵġҸо϶ǾˣҸҸҽ
ֻ룬ҺİһС˵Щ㱣֧Լʱ䣬Ծܾ쵼ǻһд˶ڸңŬԻø࣬ҲԾܾǣǰĵĴԼĵ
˵ģξɾ
ţǡ
һʱЩסңҵ̬Ѿˡ
øơ
ұˣҲˡתȥŴ⣬֡
ֻҪſָץסա
ﲻҵ磬ѾˣѾҵ粻ҵλáȫµ磬ѾܹʼԼˣܹΪκ˵ڴ
ԭҵħ
̫ˣѾӣȴʼûаѼӰࡣ
ҡ
糤ԨڵĵӣһˣҲһܹѡԼ·ˡ
ұҪڴ˵أ鵤Ӥ
һ֦
һҲ뵽ʯ֮УֻչǰȴΪĺںĹײĻߵصףһƬޱߵĴ󺣡
ˮԣɳ̲ϻзͱǣϵ̫Ȼҫ۵ȴû¶ȡԣһĿռ䣬ʯ֮¡
ľɫһԼҲһ鿴ƽƽʯǳ˭֣֮
֮ǰǸ彣ʥģֹһĶӣͬҲ֮һĹͷˡ
һ鿴һ޼ʵĻ㶣ȴɵĲȳһײɳ̲ĵϳһȴִζͼΣ֮Ϊ֮仯
ԭĺ̲ʧȡ֮һͺͺɽһƾɵţҶʮֲִڣ򵥵дšԨڡĸ֡
ܹóһײˣǳԨƽ̣һʱ𣬡ֻЩǵֱϵӣű̵ײ
ǸҲǡ
ҵıֿܱĻҪ󣬱ϾӦʦ
һ룬ſڵǹһ顣
һĨĻ˵ԷҲݱ»һõܻһЩ
Ҳ鵤Ӥа

ͻȻĬֱ÷ŭޱȣðߣ
⿴խ򵥵ĵطͻȻӿǵصĽɱγ˾Եѹ
ǳڴˣµҪ뵹ء
һȴ壬ȻֻֿܶǵĽⲢܶκ˺
ǵĻΪʲôҪôҪ֣ǣǵŹ˭
СֱԷûзԼݣܿо۳һӰ㣬һɫβڿ⣬ĿҲڳˡ
ҪҼˣҪС֡
ʮ˽⡣
ˣ
ӦѾȫѪѪѾѹѪ
ֻǿģƺȥʱҲ
һΪٵ壬кҲ̫ȴЩбǳסںףǳȺӳ֣˺ܶʿǡǺͺǹͬɺΪ֮󣬾ͱԽټҲ뺣ͨ飬½Ѿ겻ֹˡ
츳ꡣ
ֱΪԪա
ҲԱΪһֱ⽣棬ĬĬĵ彣ʥΪʦŹǡ
㵱治ʶңҲʶһ
Էݣһ鷴Ϥ˲١
㶯֣Ҳܶ֡
ֻһ򵥵ѣǿԽֺαҪɱɱ
֮뵽һеĽϡ
ȷǹһԣһѾ۶ϣʧĹһ?Ĺ»ҰһҲ
һԽԽ񻰡
һֱͲ̫á
ƺӺܾǰɵľƭüζ㱻˸ÿһζƽƽʦֵĴȥŴҪϰһӣ߶
ֱǿѹŬԱĽö࣬Ҳų׷
һ룬ȡԼߣܹԼ
˰ɡ
ҵȷǹһ飬ҵĽȷ۶ˣҺġѵоҵϢôһЩˡ
һһȻ㳤ñҺÿ㲻ǸƭӡףôʦϢ
Ҷ˵ʦĽ顭
ܣʦʦֶˣһûнˡһðģҪƭҲҪúʦһʦϲӢ䲻ӡ
ȥƻԭ㣬㻹ܲˣ
نµĻҾͰƬ㣡һЩͷӵ˼ڼ֮ҲЩң˼ľֱӽ˵˳
˵֮󣬹һԼһЩɵۡ
֮ǰõҪúôԼͻȻͿʼвˣ
δδ
һֵֵϹԲƯ顣
̧ͷ˫Ѿˮરવ
ϳʦҲû˻ô˵ϢģʦȻû
ԼĿ˿һޣԭʦ˵ģʦǰǱ˻ÿһҪ㣬ŸԼ˸һֱΪʦƭҵء
һ߿ޣһ˦βͳŹһ˹
ʦô


55 
ǧҪǵãһҪԼʲô
֮żչһ¸ĸͺˣݽҲҽãǻĲġ
ԲôͻȻһİɡ
Ѿ
ħ٣ǰһȻҲٵġ
ܺڣԼǰΪ˹̫ˣֱҲûиһúõĵ
Сһ֮ǰ˵Ǹҡ
ǵģиҡ
ļǵԼĸĸǵԼãǵԼĹۣǵԼĴͷһİǰһȫ¿ʼôõ
ڴԽ֮ǰҲֻһͨͨ˶ѡ
ԣԽֻ֮ܽĲ۵飬ܵŤ֪ӣͼͨķʽҵһϤо
ǣԽˣԽܹ֪ԼѾȫȫһͬ
ֻһֱûȥ
ֱһħ١
ԭⲻȥ𣬾Ϊźڵġ
Ǵڵġ
ۣͿһ׳Լݺݵ˹
ȫûж뷨
Ѿȹħ٣ѾųԼԪӤѾΣԼϸ֮л
ԪӤΧǰһŨ㣬һ㽣ڲϵת
֮⣬ѾɢһϼڵλΪģⲻϵӡ
Թ鵤ӤǼᶨ;ߣ
дߣζʿҪڶʱȥѰԼĵ˳֮ǰĵߣ˳˳ˮĽ뵽ڡ
ĲȫͳƣԪӤʿļҲߵġ
ԪӤҲԼĵòϣôƱҪ໨ϼǧʱȥѰ
ٶȻҪһ
Ȼ˲ˡ
罣֮һЩʿǣܿ
ĽִȻǲСƣ֮ǰ⴫ҵȺȻ鵤ӤǧﲻֹΪǴӽԺ󣬷ӺһһҲͷˡ
ֻǲ֪˭
ԽΪ뽣ߣɢޣӦЩŵӡڡ彣ڡԨھпܡ
Ԩֻһǽڣ彣Ҳֻһˡڵˣǿûʡ
Īǣħ޻ޣ
⡭Ǿ͵߾ˡ
޺ħ֮гĺ֮㣬˵һ¡
ͬһĨ죬Ѿ
ҿ϶һʦ鵤Ӥ
벻ʲô˿Ū
̣ɰҲȷӴʦֵ鵤Ӥ
Ȼʦʱʱľܳϡ
һֱءڵ뿪һһ䲻󣬲û¶ڡ
ɣѵ֮ǰǸʦǸŮޣһһĦԼľŽЩ꣬ţ˵أ
ˣ֮ǰɽ⣬鵤ӤôŽƵ˵֮ǰٶȿһ㣬Ǿ֪ɱ¾Ľˣ
ôܹңɱˣһֱ̰ĳſĽôһһ
ˣȻң
һһɫŻûС
֪̰ԣҰˣߣ㻻Ľɡ
ûаСţϲľˡһһ䷢ģҳҲҪĽˡ
ҶҹеһǷһƨɵծҪǻ飬Ҳ±ӣ
Ȼ̰˵㣬Ҳ
ڵǰ齣һ취Ūġʱſ϶ʹ㡣Ž˵ҲҪǸɱ¾Ľҿ϶ۡ
ҲֲǷˡһһ̧ͷ죬ˣҲˣ⼸ȥҲûҵʲô˼Ҷ鵤Ӥˣٲ֣Ҫ
á
һһ;Žһ£һֱ̾ӳǼ̵ڵǰ
彣һһλֽ̡
һ꣬һѾûһ⣬ͬģԪӤɣɵٶȼֱ100MĹèֱӷԾ˵1000MѾı仯ȫʵı仯ˡ
ҾãԼҪʵ֮ǰǴʱԼܹ֧Сһʮʮġ
ǰɣڲһԼƵŨԪӤоеֵֹġ
ȵϰ֮Ӧþͻˡ
ҸԼ˼ŵҩŬԼ޸Ҳȥҹһ顣
СһԼı齣ܻ
֮ǰԼԼҲСһһֱĶߺҪħ֮СԼ㣬Сһ뿪ˡ
϶ǰԼȥˣ
ҲЩż
⽣СһҪʲôİ취
һ齣֮⣬ûб;Сһǿˡ
ԼѾ鵤ӤɹˣһһԪӤԼѾúǿˡ
һСһֱǿˣԼҪֱԪӤϣ
ɾԲѽ
ԼӸһʱسԨڣԪӤڵΪȥҪʳΪۣҪǳڵΪȥ׵Ҫѯʺô
ƭףƭſɲƭ
Ұн
СһСһһҪŵ㣬ǧҪ̫ǿˡ
Ȼò֧֮⻹ӯҪ벻ˡ

ĳŹһ˹
Ȼ˸ա
ԼھǸӰһҲֻһʵѡ
ϴˣǹһ顣һ鿴޳ĳҲɵԼǰ˺ĵǹϵĶܺðɡ
ȻʦԽ϶һ˲ǰʦ˵ģʦûиԼȺĽ㣬ߵﶼϳ㣬֤ݡ
ղŻ˵ʦô
һЩ˵ĻĲš
ǹһ飬ôǷأ
ܡնһʦһˣһҲ۶ϡҺͼʦֵһųɱ֮ǰʦŹǷֱߣΪԭмʦֵŹǱ˸ˡ֮׻壬ӶĳһֱѰʦŹǵ䡣
һκȥ¡
Ҫһģȥˡ
ְѪʱҲûоȹʦʦֵǡ
ǣ԰֮ûʦʦֵǵıӣһδЩرߵŹأ
ԨǸʱͬС棬Уôʦң
Ӻܱת䡣
ܹ뵽ΨһķʽŬʱ䳤һ㡣
԰
Щ˥Ѿپ߱۷ʱڵսȥʦŹǸ
һǧꡢǧꡢǧꡣ
ã˵ܵõʦ
ʦôǿɽ˶ûа취ֹص½磬ôܻأ
һõôһ˵ôӶôġ
ʦɹȻ䣬Ѿͨʿɱȣһ˿лʦ֮ǰ̽˵ʦ㻹ĻᡣԣҾһֱڵȣȰȣȵѾҪսˣҿЩΧǵʿûһܹɹȫ䣬ʦһֱûл˵˵ţԽίʦĺÿտҲ䣬ҲôȥͶ̥תҴӦʦʦֵǣҪȵġ
Һãʦǻˡ
ңԲǰźûмʦûиͷǰӡ
Ժ˻ȪͬʦֵǣԼܺúõĴһˡ
һҪ˵ԼĲǷ࣬ǣѾȥˣȴôҲ˵ڡ
ʦ϶ûǺġʦȵңһֱأǵԴ˦β͵һССɽϿʼצھ
˲мڳһӡ
иָ󷨣飬ʮͷۡ
ֻҪⷨһ˾Ҫϵ󷨸ɡ
һͿ㼸ʱڽ⿪ϵ󷨡
˼ʦе£ֵı˽ŹǴߣҾ¼󷨣̵е̫ˡ
Ӧõġһ룬ڿֻܼ˵ĺܺá
õ˿佱֮Ƶĸӿһ㣬βͶһ㡣
ڣһ󷨽⿪ˡ
һҪչȥͿһСӡ
һ飺
СӾ͸ӿһ㣬˸ּƷըԽʿֱըûˡ
Ĵռġ˼ԼΪܶ˶󷨣ҿ϶Ҫرһ¡
С޴
ʦٵȵȡЦܿͻõġ
ֻ˼ʱȥըСȡ
һһûдȥˡ
ֱС
Ȼ滹һƴСӣ
ƺܵϤʦŭϢʱҲҶ˵ˣֻǷѾĻĺӸ򿪡
һǳΪʲôԼѾںһ齣ܵһ齣Ϣôˡ
ôرܹҵ׼ȷĵطǹ£
ڣŹǣҲνĽ˹һǰ
ʦ֮ʱΨгָֽǲɢ顣ʦֵһ˴һ顣ʦһݱ»һֱϲʦ֣ʵҲܸǿҾûáһʦ˳Ԩƽָ̣ǺںһҲûáһʦʦ֮ȴýˣȥ˼䣬һŮ˵ὫʦָǴ˭ҲҲĵطֻʦָ֮ǲŻ֡һ鱾ʦŵģʦֵĵӱ׷ɱȫ䣬ָҲ֪٣ôҲҲǸʦ
һ飬ܹҵõأ
һ̾˿ѾˣѾָ䶼ҵˡ
Ҳܹһ㣬ʦ־ͲˡʦԲҪȥģҵΪʦ֣Ҳʦʦܺʹҳûʲôˡ޵ĺģұôҲᣬһֽҲһδսʧˡҲһ˯ڽҾһĨҵĽһͬˡõҹ壬ҲһܳĻܴһֱȣȵˡ
ȷһôĺӡ
𣬶ֻͨҲʱİ취
ǣ˭ֻȥأ
ĺܺá
ʦοˣȽ˰ɡ֪϶ûҵĻҲûмݡŹһ¶һֺõЦݣԿ϶ܹġ
һ齫ϻһ齣뵽һ֮С
һʱ䣬·䶼
ʦǶˡ
С໺ŶĶҲĵ̽ͷһƴһĳԣ³ֻܿͷˡ
ƽƽҲʮأŬʦܡ
ǵȵȣΪʦմһֻޣȻὫ˾ܸٹȵˡһӢ䲻ĽЩȵĻشٸһһѣҲûˡ
˰ɣȥȥĻҪƭһųӵİ׷ߺǳ㿴ҵİͷûⶼΪ㰡ʦܣ˴ﻹܲеĶ
ʦ֣ͽܶأҲҪӡ˵ˣʯҲҵĴԼ֮ǰ˸ˣҾȵ㡣
Ϸһֱ׼߳ŭŰˡŭڣҪۣԺٲĸƵԣ϶ҪԴ
ҹǿͺˣ
Ǻǣǿȷǹǿˣͽܶ𡣱ľͲ˵ˣҪάڵѪѪƽ⣬ҪȫαҪβݣҵûУ
ʱϢġ
ʦҾòҲûйϵһûѧ·˵ʦڸͺˡ
˵ǵĵӣôһֱˮţ
ǰ㲻ôɲУȻ˵㣬ܲ׾һҪúΪʦŬȥһβݵġҲᶨƵ˵

࣬ΪԼǽһˣ˶Ľô
棬ֻһӣǸңӦ㡣
ͽܣɽ翴ŰɣĵΪȥġ
㻯֮Σ࣬ˮ㣬Ҫ˶ԹҪĹأ͵ø㹻ĺô̻࣬ܽἸأ

ˡ
һڽ۶֮ʱڷԺ
ˣܹսҵĸ
ˣӦ
ǽ棬ǵһɽΪ˵ӷĽԶҪҪĽ֮
ЩӬӪʿôܹᲢۣ
һ
ˣһĲлһͬصڣеĽסýڣĽꡣǽ飬Ҳͬǵİ취
ǰһƬڰ
񱻽ΧţľһѾ˵Ľ֮С

ֱ
õԵġгġʶĲʶˣȫѾˡ
֪ԭӵʢһֱĬĬػ
Ҳ֪Щɵͽܣڼֵȴһ翵ϣ
Ӳ֪׺ɣѱģ
ֱһŮ߽ڣ
һƬڰĵ·ͻȻһ⡣
ʢȻ˳
ʲôһҲʲôʧȥʧȥ˵Ľ顣
ǣ
ࡣ


56 
һ飬ŶԣӦǷ࣬ͷԼֿ˿ǰĵӣ΢ɲ̾һ
ļӿû
ǵԼǰһ̣ͽܶԼǰӦԼúȵԼٶ۵ʱ򣬲ŷͽɢɢȥĶûУΪʿѾ䣬ֻת֪ٴˡ
¸ǡ
ʦѾ϶ʦˣڻˡ
̧ͷģһҲ˵
ʦޣûϵġ˼ͷҶûܻأ⡣
ҶԲǡſڣɳ˵ô
ܹһ㣬ܹԲһ㣬ܹѧƽӹһ㣬ŤתĽ֡
ʦǰ˵ľַشֻ֮ʱΪֻҪԼǿͲõκεıơȻƭΣܹɱȥܹԼĽʵԼĵ͹ƽģҲΪĿƾнɨƽһвƽ֮¡
֮Ψһĸͷʱ
һҲĽҪͷôһԣͺԼĵӡ
ʦǧô˵ǶͬŻһֱġæҡͷǶǵʦǼʲô츳ڵģҸǱĿԣûԸСְֵĽ̻УΣǵǰ棬ʦƽôںҲǿ޵ĵһ֪ʦһˣʱĺѿҵʱЦˡ
˵ģЦЦ
ﷴԽĲζ
ʦģܳɫҪԼ겻˵ѡҲ˵ѡ񡣡
΢΢˱۾Ҳ˵һ
ʱԵò԰ģȥʲôأ
ˣʦ֮ǰôһֱΪԼǽ鰡Ȼ˵㣬ɫУ·ʧȥӲתƻ⣬ʲôʱѹİ
Ҫڽڣ˯ģǽڣĽ̫ǿˣֱ壬µǿޣûа취ʱ档ֻڽԼĽʯ棬п޶ȵıʦŹǣҲһֱš
ʦ϶ǽޡ
ֻҪǽޣһֵġ
ĳЩ棬ǳƵϴġ
һֱľڹһ˹ȥһУһֱΪԼǹһ顣һŮޣҲǳԨڵӣڽڣｫҴһͬġỹãһ֮ǰԼʧ״̬µΪҲɸֳһĨΡ
̫ˡ
ֱ޷ǸˣתĽԼ
ĳĿ˫ϵĺθļɫ
档
ʦǰôÿô͸ԼôȻҲͦÿģԭȫûа취ȰŷȦȫλһʦɫ
ˣȻҲԼʦģ֮Ҳֻܸ̾ƫ̻壬ȻֳܹԽò뵽ʦ־һжܺˡ
ʦӦõġ
֪ǰΪʲô˷нôҲϵӵĺģǰ϶ҪάһԼʦϣҶתƿȥϾĺܺƭܹһЩʦĶһʲô
Ϊʦԭ򡣡
ǰҲøֶܶΡ಻˼ӣҶЩֶĺܣҽû㲻ܶζˡ
ʦǰ˵ұ
ȻܹԼӳҾʱסԼӶⲻȻˡ
ֲ壬ҵ˫ֲú죬ЩԲĹĵģʦԼҲױƭÿζҡ
ҲҲ͵͵˺ܶСɣְޣʱҴӦʦһֻռģֻ˰ֻʣ°ֻǮ㻻Сˡ
ôʮ𾪣ԭԼСʦܵĿô
ֹʦǸʱ棬һһҪȥСôԺһĥʯ͸Сˡ
ʦܵ˵͵ĥʯȻʦɵģһʱоԼ۶߸ˣʦýթǸʱ㻹װ޹
಻˼Ŀ
˼ʦҲôû취ȥѵԼͽܣֻõСֶˡ
ʦˣ㡣Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻӦʯʦ֮ǰŮô
ʯ棬˳ŹһϢϹҡ
֣ӦСһطѵ滹ʲôĻأСһ棿
Сʯûҵڡ
ǡ˵ͷʱȡ
û˵꣬ѾҸ˽
һ򣬲ûվȣȥʲôˣСһ氡Ŷ㣡
߲ɾ䵽ϣ۾˲
㰡
Сʱ򿴹Ůͯµģ˭ûкøа
ҵ̾ϲᶯˡ
СһȻҲܺÿǱϾ쿴ʡ
ö鰡ҵͷص飬ҪȥֻЩֱɢˡ
ϲôѾˣЩ鲻ģϲĻҿһУкöأһ˶ûô޵ġԾʦȻĺøУԷͿԼˣϲԼ飬;ҾǸˡ
ǿ̫лˡҲ˺øУ̫ˣôصĶ
ϲͺˡ˼˵ʦıޣҲҰʦԣӦʦĸɣҲԣ֣Ӧôƺ㣿
е㲻תˡ
ԷʦǩԼĻôʦƽԼС
ǳԨڵĵӣԼҲС
Ⱳ֣Ӧôأ
ֱӺ־ͺˡʵڲ̫ĿˣЩġ
ע⵽ࡣ
Сһ˺öŶղҹʱ򣬾͸оģҲΪˣŽϵܹڡôоһӾͳ˺öࣿûϸϸŷСһ϶һֳìܵʡ
ô˵أ֮ǰСһһɬƻڴ棬͸á
Сһǳƻɢ˵ʱҪ֦ϵһ
㲻Ҳһ൭Ŀҵǰü֮һɫڿĽƺѾ⿪ˡϲ㣬鵤Ӥ
ιιİɣ֪ҲôҪ鵤ӤġҲûħҵ̲סЦкúõĵˣҵöˡ㣬ôһӾͱˣУΪʲôҪʦ
ΪҵʦҺʦĹϵĺã֮Ҳ˲٣ǰʦûлָ䣬Һϲ㣬ҪҪǵʦð
ʦ˵ͽܵĻԼ֪ôƺˡ
С
ҲҪ
ͬĺ
ͽܣܱǰģ;ԼеҲûн̹ͽܣûң˽ҲЩǣԼͽûмк³ʵڲʧȥһͽˡ
ңľ͸Ӽˡ
Һö˶˵ĺСһƽƽģƾոԼҸʦʲôҪҪһʦĻ˰ȥ洫ˡʦͽϵǾǱѪԵҪβƵĹϵû¸ԼʦԼ̫˰ɡ
ȵȣ԰ɡ
ǡ˦˦βͣе㿪ģʶң
ʦǷôСһǷ࣬Ƿ彣ҪͣȻ˵һ룬ͻȻ˵ˡ
ô˵ˣʵ
ҵɫе԰ס
֪ѾµһС
һֱֻܴҪۺһǰȻܷеࡣϾһֱŷһ·߹ġ
һµħ١ҺúһɰֺƭĽ飬ŲʲôʦүأҾܾܣԼҵС飬תСͱ乫˾ʼˣ
Ҳ˵ôŬΪԼѾʵ˲Ƹɣڸ˾򹤣
ҸоԼչħٵĵʱƺҪˡ
֮ǰʧȥһм䣬ֻǸղںһŹ֮࿴ҵӣ۾ﲻɵĴһЦǾòϰߣһʦүҲ޷
ޣռұˡҺԥĻؾһһ룬ʷļѾ뿪磬ģͻˣҲŲϡ
Ҫˣıֵõ͵ʲô̶ȥ
ԺڷǰԼܰ˵ף
ⱾԲܸɡ
Ǿݲ㲻Ӧʵʤ۱硣ǰ벻ҲͰˣѾһУҵԼߣұضúõĴ㣬̳ҵ²ǿԣԨڵƽ̸Ҳ
ס䣬װԼ
ԼʦٿңһȻʵЦ˳
ʦ̫ˣԷˡ֮ǰһֱڵģҪʦһм䣬ǶˣĵĻһϹĻţǻôµ
Լ;ֹµͼį֪ԽãеĿնͻԽ
һ֧ţҲ޷߹ôꡣ
ԼѾԹ˿࣬ϣʦҲԼһٳһˡ
һ˻ŵӣĺѡ
ǰйôĿֵ֮󣬾Խܹ¼š
ҺãҺʦֶһˡ
ȻеʼɣеΪʲôʦ߲Щͽܣ̰ˣǵȵʦһ˳ĽʦĶ
ԼȻȻûʲôã˴Ҷڴ
ԺʦҲΪҽİɡ
˲ԼͬĻعͷѾԽá۾ﺬᣬһֱۿתûе
ںŬıԼᡣ
ʦǺ˵ܹ¼̫ˡӣʣеִҪټܲźˡ
ĬǰȥҪһԼͽܡ
ϧǴ
ǲ˲֣ʲô䲻׹ʵڲ֪ôƺ㣬ôɣҪ⡣ǵʦʵ̫ʱҲܱģʦصǣҲЩʱһҪ߱ʦ뷨ҪʦìˣҪʦҲͻˡ
ЩԼͽ˵ֻʲô
Ѿűˡ
ģа취ġҲµʲôûжʣֻ˳Ļش𣬡㲻õģʦܺãԺҲĺܺõģû۸
Ǿ̫ˡǰȥͱʦܵʱʦܻ˵֪ĻʦռͽˣҲᵽû˰šǰ˽ʦʦ֮Ǿʦµͽˡ뵽ȥԾɾò˼
ǸʱҲʢҲȽ˽
Ƕ޸ĸˣ˵ʦǵĸĸҲǵֳҲǵѡ
ԣǾͲԸʦעˡ
ֱʦ֮ǲЩڡ
ʦʦܹٶһЩڱʦʱŽˡ
Ѿˣÿʰ̯ӶôȥµͽܣԱ߲ܶʱұŷҪʦֽǼߣϧʦֶϡ
ҲãҲʦձͽˣʦҪԶǵǲСô˵̾ͻ˸̬ʮ㣬˫ֲʦһҪռеĽ·ǹͬԸҪ»صɽ磬˸קСȻԺתͶ̥ˣ㶼ʦ
á
һΪִŵĿŷ࣬ʦһΣҪ˵ټˡǸʦһҪǸǺ´ɽ䣬ĶԲ𡣡
ǵĴ
׹ʦԺͰˡ¶һЦټ
ĳ˰֣ЦԼѾӭ
ֱӰʧռҲʧ˲佫Һͷų˳ȥ
վСʯǰʯѿһӣĽѾʧ١
ζһĺۼҲʧˡ
ʯϵĿӡ
Ŀʯû˵Ҳûдš
ֱãŻ˵һ䡣
ǰǺϲֵģڴֵʱᱻ˸ƭߡǣһҺܶꡣ
ĵǣǵķʽػ
¹ǧꡣ
һֱΪڱԼͽܡ
û뵽ʵһֱͽڱ
ܹ¼㣬ȴҲͱһ顣˵һһܺõʦǲŻԸΪ㸶һСôõͽܣҪֵýĽ
һɾͲṇ̀˵ҲֵһᡣΨ̵ӣΪ˽ܣϲʤǷࡣ֮һΪ


57 
ִһ䡰ͷβһ㶼֡
ΧȺҪǳԨں彣ڶԿҲγ㶦ľ棬ЩҵԼЩħɢǵĵңܹ㹻ǵ٩ʮİ
ϾΣнޡˡа֮ǧԹô϶ûϷ
˭֪˴ʧ
˭Ҳû뵽Ԩڻ뿪֣һԷΪġԨڶԾ˭˷ӱտڲԣֻǿڵʱӲǱ۾۾ģ˲²׷ףڰ˺֡
뿪ľԷΪ׵һɽҵǡⷽҲǸˣ˲һĽҵӣһ붼档һģֻԼ֪ˡ
ţ彣ҲͻȻ뿪Ҳûס
ھ͸һ㣬ʮǽȥųľֻ֮һʣµ˶֪ȥҲû˵
뽣Ľޣô˵ҲҪģһʱ䲻ȫô˲棿ƫƫܶеĽԼʲôֻ˵ӵ֪ͨǿ뿪Ǿȫ뿪ˡ
һڵӲСľƺԣ˵һǱ彣ڵһһˡһһɱӣֻѡԴˣһһʾϣ˵Լԩ޳𣬶ɱˣԲһƣҲвվһһߡ
ʧ֮ͺͻָķС뿪ˡ
˳ģ໹ڳһϻӵңӾͲʯԶĵطڸڵˡ÷Ļ˵ضϲԼüĵطǸԡ
Һͷ˵ҪõĶѾ֣ڡ彣ڡԨ֮ĶԹǲôġ
ȵȸһٻȥҲ٣ֻҲףСһȻѾָ˼䣬ΪʲôŻسԨأʦүֻҪԨڶġһûиıԷĳƺϰˣҲ˵ҪģǾȲˡ
Ѿһ뿪ˣαٻȥźأԴ˿ĺܿԨѾûʶκһˡȻҴģѾȥӰˡңҪѰԼŹǻָʵƱҪͲ˶ϡԨʱ򳶽ֻҸӱˡ
СһҪȥôеͷۣСһҪĻԼ϶ҪæġôһԼҪֹļӰླˡ
Ѿȫˡ΢΢̾ϢѲҪԳ˵ͽͽɱ䣿
ָ˼䣬Է˵ҲǶһιѾ˷ǣһֱִڹȥҲûʲôáҪǣ֪ԼͽҪĻǿԼ·Լ
ĳˣ硣
ϡ
ô˵Ҳ˿
˵ǿ׺ڻڷಢˡǶԷĺڻˣԼҪͷ
СһСһǷࡣ
ϣǾһġ
ƭ˺ܶΣɼԼ»ص磬ֽݱ¡֪ԼĵһֱػҲᱻϢĻ⡣
ҪһֱԼʦ
Ҳĵġ
Ǿͺá֮ǰǽɻħƵα齣ôպóʱȥ˳ǲźá˿תһȦٻسԨڣ֮ǰŵҵĶõ֣һȥʳΪɡȻŹǳȥǸӴߵһ飬ʣµǶ֪ֻһʱöֶѡȰһҵʣµһᡣ
áӦĺˬ졣
ˣڻҪסһôץץͷֿ˿Ѿʵ廯˵ķ࣬ſѯʵȻǽ飬סǲǲ㣿ҪǸһкˡ
ʡʯɡĳ˼һ˵֮ǰûлָ䡣ǰƺҲĺףǻҪʡһסڽʡʯֱӸҾͺã޷ģǲ̫á߼ӦҪҿʡ
ң
أôɰôһԴʦү֮ȻſҪˣ
ʲôЦԼҲһͨͨˣһһڵĴʼ˾ȻҪҸ㿪ʣXԱ굱ͷ˼ҵʲô𣿸Ц˰ɡ
Ľҽ̵ģǲӦøһݰʦҿԲҪÑҪյġһ˵ÿһҳ֣ȻõҲҡԣһݱ϶ҲҪģֻҪһͺˡʣµЩã֮ĹϵʱԲ㡣ˣһϻӵ飬֮߷ֳɣ
ҳɵˣƾʲôǰԵõĿȫҵģĽҸ㲹ġ
޲ǮѾˡңͽܵģҲҰҵģҸѾʮִˡ
СһˣǰġǰһֵַС飬һſھʱˣ˵ˣҪôʯʲô
Ϊ˷ֹһͻȻ̫鷳˲˽ʯȫܵ֡ɫңеŹǣҪ׸ҲҪĵرļӳֲУȫҪǮġұҪھͿʼʯС
ߣС˲ǣֻҪڻҵĽ飬ҪĻҾ͹ԻӦҹǮͼȡһ¡
ĬһȻſڱ˸˵Ҫ׸Ҫѵʯ
꣬ͬ˷֮ǰ˵ķʵĽ顣
⡭ŬеڣŬе׬õʯĿ
Ҫʯǰˣǵǰ㡣
νʯأ˵͵ӡ
ҪʯĿԿһˣġ
Բ򹤾׬Ǯ
˵ΪġҲһȣѾ겻ôˡڳԨƽǰݡ
Ҿƽ̴ԸʦүҲʯġ˵ԨҪǸһǮҪģĲԱ֧ͻȻʮֱҪúϧ
һļ۸ʵ̫ˡ
Һͷ˶һۣ׷̾

ƶʼΧǡ
У̫ôķǮˡ

ƴ硣
ޡ
Ԩڡ
Һͷݺݵꡣ
ȥ˷޽αˣ֮˳ȥתһȦϧûҵ£һ˵ڻڱչһֱûг֡С߳ɹûβȫڸΣΪǣҺݺݵĹһߣè񫡣
ţװԼԪӤȵӣͳ߿࣬˵ԼҪһʱܻȥ˳Ҳ̽һԨڵ
˵֮˴żȥ˵ģ֮ԨھȥǱ߰ݷˡ̸ʲôͲǳܹ֪ˡǣǱ߻֮ǵͱ֮ǰ֮һµĵǶϲʤͬģʦҲøˣҹǿŵȨҲˣƺҪõǿΪ
ҵ飬Ҳغһͬš
֮겻ϻȥԭһǳƸΪڽֳɫֱӽΪ洫ӣ洫ӵĴ֮ҪĸɽͷʲôΪʦҪȵ֮پ
ʱ⻰ҲͲȥˡ
ʼսģ˵һȺɢ˲ã˵ǰŵʯʱõĺüӳ㣬һоʮǧʮƷʯҶˣ˵û뵽ʦȻôУ֮ǰдӦʮʯҲŵλˡ
֮ǰ׬Ǯɹˣ
Ҽ֣һ뵽ԼһٶһڲţԼֿˡ
洫ôûϵŲʦ洫ӵˡ
Ҫ͹˾ȥܺǮȥ
ǣ꣬ǳɹһ֮Ǿͻص˳Ԩڡ
˳˵һ䣬ΪѾܳʱ䲻½ߣļ۸Ѿ˼һţһмСΪ˿ɳԷչҲΪ˲һֵ̫ർ¼۸µҺͷ˾ٳһ飬ȡˡ
ľյҪϢǰɽµˡ
ʦã
䵽ǰϴһϤЦݡ
ʦãԪӤʮȹ̡
ϵϢƭ˵ģĵȷȷ鵤Ӥɹˡ
ԭʦҲҪģǳȥ洫ӵˡʦ˲٣ںʹӣҵĶЩѡƼ˵룬ӦҲϣ̫˹ע㡣
ʦ֣ǰͺˡҲһ۳ƣԷԪӤֻһ֮ңƺڵʲôûнѡ鵤ӤӦҪٴĥһ
еٶе̫ˡ
ǰҾѾ㹻עĿ֪ءЦ㣬˵ʲôô
ҵĽŲʱͣ
ҡΪʲôҪơš桢ˣһһ٣ĶųƵ۾˵õļǮɲһ
˵Ҫ㡣һ£ϾҪȥʳΪ죬Ҳ˲ܸ㰡㲻ȥ˼ңõõѾǰ˵ˣԸ⽫㣬ֻҪ˼Ҿϸи˵ͺˡ
ʲôѵģ
ǳԨڵεȻһôˣ෴ĺܣһЩΪεȻִƳԨڵء
Сһ㲻ᱻϳɣһҪԼңʶ͵͵ʵò֪ʲô飬ԹҪ̽ҡ
ӦòڡҲҿ϶ǱһطɽģϵġĳֽǶ˵ûг׸֮ǰҾһĽûдԼҲûΪһָͽԣҲܷҵټǡ
ʲô
ҲҵһڣҺ֮以иӦʱܻᱻһЩһ̹˵˳ҪȽҷڱĵطҲȥ
ǿɲУһʱҪҶֿô죿ҡҡͷ߱Ƚϰġ
Ҿã˼ҺôһţӦòڶʲôеˡ
ΧЩˣ˭쵱ĴﰡңʱͻȻҪңôòԾ˵ˣִܹƳԨڣ˵˾ֵܷʲôܡҾԼҪСĽһá
һʲôԣٰСһų
ôҪ֣Ҳÿһ·ݣܲܳеʦ
ðɡ౻˵ˡ
Сʻ괬ҲɵĶ²ˡ
ʦãġΪǽŵģҼ˼۾ĻԲԵ˵ʲôأ
ҪŨüüĿģƲ֪ĻΪƤأ
һڳƵĻһ·ɵ˵ɽ֮ϣǰ
ͷһͷҲһʲô
ôţڳƵע֮£Źһ󲽵̤˽ȥ
СһһҪ㰡
ǧҪұ³ռ˱ˡ
ҲŸովڶſڣͺƱʲôһ£ת۾Ѿ˶
εȻ᲻ԼҶǰվ˭
ǰҲԶԶļ˲ٴΣ֪һִЩͻᷢ΢Լ¡ǽϵ֮Ķ³Ტ۵ġ
ôĽӴǵһΡ
εȻΪפȻǴΪҲͶʮͷʮûйУһŮ˼˶оů˧硣
֪ⲻǱѡ
ϾǳԨڰۼأܹӾۼɱģʲô㲻ɣ
ڶﲻֻεȻһ߻վһϤˡ
Ѿƻָķӡ
ллأиĴʯͷˡ
ţְǱˡ
ңѾ۲ˡû뵽˳ھǸУ͸ҳһʮֿ㣬ıֱһһ
ˡ
쵼ǵľ仰Ž⣬ҩ
ǿˡ
лź񰮡ҵ۽Щ飬ϵĳŷʹɫϣλʦܹʾ
û뵽һһֱװذ壬ͷ̧һµİι
洫ӣҪݺΪʦεȻֶ۽ǺЦĿңһ˫۾д˹¡
ͺ˵ҪΪʦҲǿԵġ
Ͼ˽ԼͽˣⱧʲô˼õ˵ô
ڹһ￴ţ̲סΪҾϲ
ǳΪŵӣڳԨڵĵλȫһˡ
Ժ͵һʮʱϵĽˡ
ܺã
ãܹڷʦָεȻҲǲԡ
ֻ춼Ҫˡ
ѲǲСľʲôϵҪ˵ڻô
ûºö˶˵ŲҪȥʲô³ء
ֻƽ
ҡһҪΪʦԣҪݲΪʦ


58 
ϵЦݶʱס
ӷɿ̧ͷһۣҿȥµͷȥ
˼ǲԼ˵̫ίˡ
ѲɣĵӻܱȵĵӸã
ⲻܰ
Ϊ˱ʾԼǰ;ӶˡҲǺͷһȥĽôѲɣûжôʦ֮飬Ҫŷһô
εȻȫ⡣
ţܻĸʿһѡ
Ů޵γʢֽ˼Ҹ˻ȥƺ׽һֵĸо
Ҳ׷ĺͱ˲̫һ
ѹҵʦܣѡͽܿɲκ˵ӡεȻ̲סȰ˵һ䣬˲żüãѹ·꣬Ѿ²ˣȥ˲ãҲòٿأֻзһӡ
⻰Ѿ˵Ŀ˵ʮֱˡ
ȥ˲ãǾǸ·ĵ
ǵͽܣӾδţŵʦú͵һĵӣ뻵õ˵ô
Ѳһȥ
һᶨǰȥӵľġ
ȥﶼȸǿžͷһӣӶ۳ʲôˣҲҪñȼ˯ıȹ
ţĴСϲҵıδȫұҪУųȫ˵꣬ѵľ͸˿ͷ׼ĵʱֹˡ
һȥʦ˵ġεȻֲղӣҪոͽܣֻҪųȥ֪Ҫ·ֻǳɻ򲻳ɣҪԼˡ
лţĴµûһĸжذӵţֲǳԨ˷ٲʢҶľϽˮ಻
˹ˡʵе㲻񣬡Ķʹô
𲻷
ĲŲʹ
ҲաεȻ֪ԼûʦͽԵˣͳһ˵ҪȥʳΪ硣ãҲ洫ӣи洫ӵͺʳΪأһ˰ɡ
ҿǿо۾⣬ţȥʳΪʱҵǰŵӵķǰ洫ӵķ
Ȼǰ洫ӵķεȻ˵ʱҵȥҵľ¥סžǣʡһʯ
л!ϲüۣţǳ
ȥɡεȻʧЦ֣ͳ˶תͷŷ˵ʯӣмֲ˵ζ
㿪˿ڣʦġ
ֱ˵޴־ǣƫƫԲᡣᣬԺĶˣȻҲ͸ıˡεȻǲ꣬ʲôĹûм
ҲһССĳѣ˴š
û˵ʲô
Żûз㡣ҿԼΧ̲ס˵ĴʿߵסҸղһղ
ڵͨԶֹڴˡҲ˵ûзңûôҶѡһѾģϹôʱ䣬ȻὫϵһ𡣵㣬ôͻȻҪȥˣ
£ֻвòõѡ˵ˣ޲ĲôܵҸطΣȣǣڲ۸񡣡æԼҲϧ˵ˣѾȫˡ
ȻͲµˣ˵Ǹܾһӡ
ͻȻóҺҲûԭġ
εȻѾִƳԨڵһˣҲұƭȥô
ɼʵǵ̫ǿˡ
ˣʳΪѾˣȥǸʳΪйص񡣰洫ӾҪ񡣰һ취òѹҵͽܲУǸءȻһѪҪҵͽܿɲСֻг˱˵ͽܣ˵ıǩܰȫ
ʵŵӣзʦǰ涥ţѹҲܴ󡣡໹ǾЩϧһܿÿʮʱĽˡ
û뵽˵͵õһۡ
Сһûк˵Ӳ̫ʹʵʵ
ûУնĻش
Щ˵Ӳʹ˷ڶѾȫˣǾûˡ
Ѷסҡͷ㲻һʦһĿʦ֣һ϶Ҫز㣬ҪǰΪʦô˶ֻῴҵʦ˭ҵʦ˭˼ң˵ңǻ˵εȻĶͽܣǷӵʦá
ҲǶӣҲúõġʶ˵
ΪҰްҪô˵ʦͽԵֺأҪĶͽܲһ㣬ĶͽܺڻĿԸߴٷ֮ʮҺҪúõϼÿΣ˰ֻҪȽϾԶҸô
ɴֱ˳˺˱ȽϵĳϺúŬԲԣ
ÿĸʱѾܹˡƮƮ˵ˣСһôѹɣ鷴ˡڲõνֻҪӾͺˣ·ҶʶǲÿǹϵĽ޲˵ͷȴ°
˵ĲҺú롣ΪȻͷ˼
΢ɲĹ˹ǡ
Ȼɽ׸ıƣСһ㻻˸֣ҲǺƭ
Ϊ³¯洫ӣ֮ܣҳΪ洫ӵϢȾòŵľЩŵǡ
ּһﶼܳΪ洫ӣ鵤Ӥˣ
ү˽Ůô
ҲװԻǣʵ͵͵ȻΪô᳤ܻô죿
пܣ
ҲѧϰһĹǵĽȻ෴͵ʵ
Զԣܡ

ŵһһģѾҡҡ׹ĵļʱ˻
ֻʿĬĬԣֻǰ̾
ҵȷͬʱҲǵ
飬ŬȻҪŬ˼֮Ҫƴķ츳ˡ
ֻǴʿһӶƴ츳ľˡ
˵ǰĵط˺һҵʳΪйصǸ洫û취һѴ֮Уʳ޳ʳΪ̫ˣܶʿطֶû˵
ʳΪųССʳ֮Ҫ˻Լʮ꣬ΪԪӤ֮ϣиҪ󡣱ǡһħȫϯҿſţ˲û໣ħȫϯһǧ˵ȵϯ˵ϯ˵ɲ
Сʳܹ֮ʳΪĴʳ֮ôһħȫϯ˵ϯʳı鲼ǧ磬һȥΪǻΣһܹħʿֱʹǰǵĲˡ
ÿһˣǼ۸Ҵùġ
ʮܳôһϯ
׬׬ˡ
һҪӣ
оҵļڷ
ô
һӲˣ
ѾʼԼʱϯʱҪʲô·Ҫʲôˡ
ôţҲù͸ʮ˸ƯСԼ紷ȲаȻôôһϯ棿
뵽ֵͷһԼĹһ
ţˣʱҪСһһν裬ԼҪ׼·ԼĿ
ʳȫҪ

ô
·Ϊ׵ĵǶѾεҵˡ
ƷʯңһǲõĿͻ˵һξʹֱʵļǲ߼ˡ
һˡ
Ԩµĵӣÿһ÷ڸۿವģʵûʲô׬ͷôǮǾȫһˡ
һҪ취ϲС
˵·˺ҶúܣⲻϺõĹϵôǸɴҲһˣһǼһǮĴͻǼλսΪ洫ӵˣ˵пܳΪͽأǰùϵҲа
ˣȵʱԵľǲµǳд
ҲΪԼߴ·ˡ
õˣǿһ򶼲Ƶô
ʦ㣬µĲϣĽһײͰĽʾеͨˡһΧĵӶһǧ˵ƷʯײͿɹѡ񣬱֤ıһܡ磬Ը׹⣬֮С
һǧƷʯ
զȥ
ҪȥԺңе롭
㲻룬ҪǵĻƭˡľܾ˷Ҫ˵Ļһǧ˰һǧʮˡ
˵и֮һǰҲģǰʮʯŸӽȥġ̲ס˵۸Ĳ󡣡
˼ҿ϶ͼһ㡣˵ڱʲôǾ͸ˣ۵ĻԲŰ
ʦ㣬ײ㲻ϲûйϵﻹбײֻͣҪǧʮƷʯҲ֮ķҪ۰룬ﻹкͲƸϳƷŮר÷£г׵κ֬ˮۣһͬʣȻһ£һŮӴΪ˷ҹۿóʽͼ
໣ⷨ¡Ρɫ
ʲôɫ
˰ˡ
СһҾҲףǸϢϢúˡ˵룬ǰļ۸ôǮżݳһҲǿԵġ
ࣺ
Ҳ̫ˡ
Ҳûֵܵסջ󣬻ǴӦ
ҷһԼ۵ļܣϧ·˵ͣԭĻϿƷʯɹĹײ͡
Ϊ˹⣬·ǸСһ
ɣ׬Ҳ׬
ɱǰʱҪˬĶˣ˵ɫ֪úܺáҲѾǲõʽˣͦܿصġ
׬˲١·һҸǮôˬ죬֪ӦǷһʣǰڸͺ޲ý˵ӿûаơ
ȵϲ׬Ǯǫ䣬Це˵ˣ·ʦ֣Ҳ洫ˣ֪㻹ȱȱһʦã
·΢΢Ŀ࣬ûҪ㵱ͽܣ
һҪʦҵڳļƣģ㿴ôʯĲõĵַ⻹ԵҶԲõĳô
ûҪرϸ񡣡뷨Ҳʮ𾪣ΪǰʦϿɰ㶼ûбֳʲôģ
ãʵġ˫ס֣ҲҪѹͽôûϵֻҪҸУҲԵġ
ʱǲУ˵ҪƳһѼƷ齣ҵ洫ӡͷɬһЦһеԶʲôʱԪӤˣӦþͿˡҵΪЩˡ
ѹܹĳŵΪ洫Ҳǳˡ
ǾͺãҿɲΪ͵һѡ
ʦ㣬ʲôı£ԣ·ʦǰ˵ϻˣֻҪˮ׼أ·ʦָ˵洫ӣҪҸ㶼ѵġǸڸһĦŮ˵
·ĬһǴӦô
ϲʦһѱɣǶġҲź
ô
ӦòѰɡ
Ѱ˼ţԼôҲ˾ĽޣֻһѱӦò̫ѡ
͡Ųõǵķ鶼еƮƮȻ
ҷôãв˵鶼ɹʲôʱַܹ񣿻Ǻúһ²ģȻȵʲôʱûǮˣҪŹˡ
УǺúýңѧɶ죬ǰңҿ϶úáظ־˵
žžž
ۡ
ڽըʮ¯֮Ƴһӡ
ţ
˵ǽûнϡ
඼ֱӱ۾һġҽǽҾʮʱдϡ
ҾãӦûֵͦġӲͷƤ˵ٺúôĥĥҲɽġ
ѾĿˡ
ʦ㣬֣ղÿһ趼ǶԵģôƳķ·ʦ֣Ҳѧǳʵ⣿ֵĲ⣬Ϊһ̾ͻᣬƱĲһһʾ֮ҾһģһĻԭ˴š
Ȼһ¯ӣֱը¯ˡ
츳ɡ·Ĭһ˵ҲӦȥԱɽ壬вٳ϶ʺ㡣
Ȱҷ˼ˡ
ǲõˣǲõĹҷ·ˣ·ʦ֣㿴ҵĽǲǱú˺ܶࣿҽ˲ãʱҪ鷳æ޲ҵĽˣһֲϵġ
ͷˣ·һֱ͵͵Ĺۿһ
ҲԣһϾһĽ޵ҲһĽ顣
·ʦ˵һ϶κεľ߾ŮĶ
˸Ƿˡ
ţҲǵһˣϰˡ
·Щɣûסһ䣬Ľǲн飿
ȻУҵĽڽ޲֮󣬱ˡ˵ҪȻýһ
ʦȥ˵˵·ɿ˵ɲҲҿ϶һᾡΪġ
Ը˲̫УԸʦǺܼ򵥵ġ


59 
УԲСǲõʦƱһĽƲĵӣҪ˵洫ˣһӣǶѹһʮɷǲҾԼֵʦ
ڱϣùεȻʦ֣òϣֱԵεȻүүˡ
û취ѹٵʱͺУֱ׷ԲԪ֮ʱŷҪõ֮̽ŬĳһСǣʱһУɹ׺ΪԪӳòȴԸı䣬Ҳ÷Ǹȥάഺɴˡ
ôһˣȻҲʲô뷨ȥͽܡ˭·أǡѹͽ²ӹܲãñ·ײˣ·츳ڣѹ˳µľͽܡ·ͽ֮󣬲õĺܶ鶼ֱӸԼͽܸɣѹÿֻҪоôƸõķˡ
νġûΪѹԼĶƷǰ¶ˡ
ˣѹ·ֵԼĵӻǺܿصġ
ûͽܣôʦܷ
·һҲʲôҪ󣬿˵ʡĵ˼㣬ֻҪҪ󲻹֣ѹԼǿԿһġǣ·ҵ洫ӵƷ̫һ㡣
ǽ
˵ҲЩˡ
ıûôӿݵġ
츳֮˵ͽܣԺ˻ô
·ô˵Ҳҵ²ˣǲһε׸ʲôô˷ģǾ֮ĻʵڲҪΪʦͽܡѹĵȰ˵Ļ֪ЩʱҪԭĶԲԣʦҶһˣĲܴ̼
ʦ·ɫأǲûʲô˵ˣֻɲ˵ǲõҪġ
ҡ֪ˣ治˵ġѹûҺԼĵ濸ֻƽʱ¾ͻáǧһĹ¶ѣǷ˵Ĺ¿ɱǵĻȤˡ
ʦһѹŽһ޲ǰѽʱ;㡣ǵȵһŽʱ򣬽Ѿ޲˴룬Ľ黹ʮǿʵҺ棬Ҫ֪Ľڶ̶ʱָôģ·ſڽԼԵһһ˵ͽܣҲܽĹ۲Ľ
ʲôѵģȻҪ޽ֻ㡣¸˲޽ˡѹ˵ԼĹˣԼ˵ĻʲôԣαҪΪʦ飿ͽֲշϲתˡ
ʦ·ѹβ֪ӵëַˡ
ǰͶ˵˵ʲôԺͽܿ϶ҪơƩʵ涼Ȼ·һЩѹҪ˼˳ɹ֮ͽ˵˻
ĶƲѹȥ
㻹ʲôУʹѹȫ⵱Լ·һϷˣҪԼͽܻʲô취ͬ⣿Ҳʱͽ֪ԼʦҲϵģ
ʦΪʿÿµһƷʯ·ûֱӻشѹ⣬ʼѹˣ޲Ļܴ׬ȡɣʮǰʼһֱʼ·ƣһֱûнӹĶƷĹ˷ѵĲ϶ֱӴۣѾ۵˶ʮԺˡ
ѹţɫо飬ʵһһϦԳɹģǰھҿȵҷƳɹʱȻܹһüǮ
⣬Ϊõ룬ȥŸʦӦ֮⣬ʣԳȡٷ֮ʮʣµҪȫϽɸš
õһֱܺã֪ѹ˵ǲþ׬Ǯģ˷ѵЩܽ˷ô
ǺܶӶǷڸһһЩӾȥǼʮ겻أºܶ˶ûа취ƽߣȴĽЩзĿˡΪһ䣬еȫ֮Żʣ¾ǧٿƷʯ
һ򲻵ѹ𾪣ܣҲô
ĿʱԲ顣·ĮԶԣ滹ҵһЩգĵӣӸʦծ쾭ġ
ѹʱоԼļġ
ԼǲҪ濼һ·飿
Լʦȷʵе㲻λˡ
Ҳ̫á·ƮƮ˵֮ǰΪҪѡȥԺܶӶ޽񽣵ѾˣһԼĽȰԼҪҪһ춼ӲԤǽȥ½һϡ
ѹüϵѹˡ
ˣں˵Щʲôõкл˵ˣҲһˡѹЩͷ۵顣
ʦãĿǰһƷʯ·תͷĿѹ˵ʦĽҪú޲һһ£Ҫһæҵ˼ô
һƷʯ
ŮģȻһǮ
ѹ˫·ļ򣬼ᶨ˵ңڿʼҵļˡ
ֻ·ȥһˣһʱͻˡ
ʱ򣬻ҴΪӵơ
ʽΪĵˡ
Ȼ洫ӡ
ҾõĽ
Ľ˵մӣԼƽ޹ռ˼һԺ㶼˼ӾνˣֻǹҸѣȥɵĺܡ
·ʦֻĺһװ˵ѹ˵Ǻܺ˵
·ʦ֣л㡣ҺĵıԼĸл
Сһ׮·̧ͷĦĹһ˵Ľ޲ɣ¿ȥʦſں˼Ҽ档ʦӲܺú壬ǲȥԺе鷳
ףͷ
Ӧõġ
ҵͷԥľͽһݸ·ʦ֣ҵĽ鷳ˡ
ͬʱһ˷༸䣬СһҪ˼ң˼ڸæءʯֻжʮƷʯôԺҪĹˡ
סصĵ˵ͷ
ʮȫˣɲһ⡣
ϾĲ϶ҪǮģҲܻ򣬲ٶˡ
ŷģֻôǮҪСһԼôʹˡҪǽʯˣԺԼ˳ѹĹʣҲҷ
ô룬ɡ
ֻҪǮױ
ҶʦҪ󲻸ߣֻҪԷ£鷳ԼڵʱȥʺãȻƽｫ洫Ҫ񶼸ˣ꽣֮ȥ㸱ҵ׬ʯҪˡ
ˡ
ˣڼѹʱ̬Ҳ൱֮á
ѹССľһѡ
ΪôôǮĵӦûֺŶԣû뵽ͦǫġ
һŷȻıµȷܲȴв˼롣һֽķ֩˿ÿһʿ˿һˣȻԻͨѶഫϢĻܻ綼һ޴ı
˷룬˵ѹĿ
ôû뵽أ
ַõúˣǳԨڵĵӲܼʱţһܳΪŵġ۾ΪոϢ
ԣȻԼȥʦ֣㾭ѣȰķͣоһлĶ
һ̸ҺѹԱ˴˶ʮ⡣
֮ǰ٣Ҳʧˡ
ҸǶѹм
ֻܹܲеԡҪѹָ߼˲ܲܽоˣ
ܹо
ʦҾ൱ǰ֪ܲܽͽҵעʣҵϵ˵Ҫپأ
ΪʦҴȥҪʮƷʯѹһ£ͽܱһż
ȳʮ򡣡Һԥ˵ΪԭʼɷݰɣʦоɹˣһɣɾС
ǲǵˣѹе̫۸ͽˣǼӣҲǵӰ
ʦҪĶԺǾҪҳȥˡид˵ʵĻǾͿԶԼ
ѹЩס
ʯôô
һҪǮҵĵմӡ
ҪȻôΪһո۳ͶʮƷʯأǮҲô취
ҪҵĵմӣҲˡ
ʦ츳УܹӾˡʵ˵Ŀı£һҪҵʮ򡣡
ԺܲܳΪ׸ɰܾڴһˡ
ÿһԽ֪ѹпоԥͿԼҵġ
ҪΪԼֻʣ°ʮҪճʳΪĻѣ޲ýеǮͶȥźãԺǮˣһͶģʦõľ⣬ֻҪúרоͺˡ
ʹȥţԼҪԼ֤֪ҾԲ׿㡣ѹжĲУȥԼ
ҲԼͽԵɡ
Ƕôõһʦͽܣ
ҺѹԼͬ뵽
˵ߡ
·Ҫ޲ʦǸ֡
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֮ǰײͷ񣬸һĽ˸֮ʹһâҲ÷˲١
뽣ǰ·˫ֱȭЩҪ
ߣԼΪѹ˺һԪӤڣŴӹһû
۾ʱһǰǰһһ൱ǿĽ飬ϵĽֱ޷ԡ
αϵĽ̶ȣǲõӵı޿ˡ
ǵĸǧٹ֣ǵʵҲǸвأҪ޺ĥϣܷӳ
ҲЩʵ߳࣬µλߵЩ޲ȥıԼĽ飬ǻᱻı䡣
ˣȻǿ󣬵ֻмĽ޲ܹӵС
ǽޱɫǾͲΪˣΪū͡
ֹ·Ҳ˵ԼѾ¯ĵزˣ֮ǰѽ֮ǰƲôҲûа취Բ޸Ѿʼ޸ˣǽǰԼ˲ϣԼĽȥںЩϣܴﵽȱĵز
Ҳ˵鱾ͳƵһλʦˡ
пɡǰǺܶŵģֻҲ󱲻۹ġ
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ףѧ޲齣м䲻֪˶ĥѣж꾭ףѾƵǸмˡ
ǰʮֲϣѡЩΪ޲ԼĶأ·̵
ңһѡ񡭡ฺֶѭѭ·һԲϵͷͬʱҲűʼǣѧϰ֮׵֪ʶ
ĳֽǶ˵Һͷ˶һѡʦ񫡣
һº
ҴȫȻһµķһ׼뿪Ԩڡ
˿װ𿿽װ
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洫ӵƣ̾ˡ
ȥʳΪ磬Ҳ˲ˡ
һͱ˾еˡ
гơ·з
ԨڵĵǶҵġԵһµʶ
ҲͰˣΪʲôӴʦֶҪͱ𰡣
պգһĵӻĲҶʲôߣҽ˲ãǾԨڵܵĵطڡ֮ܡʲôģѾˡ
ϾѾԾţյŵˡ
ѺõĺһһҪУͼóһɡ
ν裬δ͵Ľ
һ˵油
ʱʿǲԼıˣͻýΪá
ң
Сһզ£ˣһȻԼ⻰˵ʲô壬ȻʦүҲҵĽ鰡
ڻ൱ֵǮʮʯĸɸɾ֮ǰһЩ۷񣬼ֵǧƷʯȷҪȹһȥô൧䣬ѾһȫµۣϵҲ˸飬һҲװһ϶͸ŵ͵ݻ
ϵϺõ
ң
ˣСһȻҲˣ
Щ͵Ķ͸ʴôô㻹ǵԼǰԽʵҪǡľСô
ɼѰ
ǰʵǴ̫ࡣ಻ɸ̾ǰȻҲݿޣҲԼϲޣΪѡǸʱһͽҪôܣţæĴƽϢѣնħ˵ˣҪиɾϢطѡ
ΪǽӦùˡ
û뵽˽飬ܹúõĸһʲôˡ

ұĲУԼĸӿһϿνǵǷ켫
˵ˣʮʯȥˡ̲ס²۵ҲãҶǲǱѹ¹ˣ
㶮ӣͶʡҺݺݵķ˸ۣ˵Ͷʳɹ㶼ˡʱеʿôġ
ôҲšѧǰ˵ʿǵϲǧٹ֣ǽ֮ж齣װ綼Ȼͬοǲͬͳͬ壿ҿ϶Ǳƭˡ
úͷֻļһ˵
ǲᶮģֶһɹһôµȻ
˵ʱǰǽʱɲ˵ԸɡҴԲѵ˵
ֻħȡ
ˣҲϾһֱô衣ҡͷ̾ϢҲû취͡
֮ҵĹʣҲΪͶʸһݹɡԱ߷ɣ˼˵
ղŲ˵ô˫ֱǰ˵һɡ
Ȼ˵ףҶ˽⡣ֱ˿ڷ磬̬ȣûбħ塣Ļô˵Ļٲ˼飬ҾҲпԲһѵİա
ף㸱ҵĺһס
һʯôģ׬ģ
ԼбҪúúȡȡ
ʵڲУٹһǰҲܼ򵥡
۹⡣ЦҾͲˡȥʳΪ·ϣ͵ʡŵǮˣٸĸҵ׬׬С
ġʮֵϡ
Ǿͺá¶һõЦҪȥʳΪȾϲڣ˵Сʶܲһʲôء
ɫʱһ䡣
ѾµҪ˵ʲôҲ
׽жʮƷʯ
ȣȡһɡ࿴˵Ҿã벻ϳңҲȥһЩ鷳˵أ
ʲôģҲǵһγɫˡ


60 
һԣͺٻصǰƶˡ
ڷ˵仰͸˵ʵдաû취һʱĺݺݵһǮ˼ҵĿ֣һ뵽Ҫսӣ˵ﶼʲôζ
Ȼ˵ʮĽǰڱҪѲʱģȵõǮҲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱȥˡˣڴ֮ǰҪ취׬ǮС
ҿһ沩Ϸĵط׬һʡҽ˸飬Ϊ֡ϵǳԸɷģһǹԹԸǮǿڳԨڵϣȡǳôһҸҴģ϶ѾȥǵĺȥˣҲäеעʽӦеĶԲߡҪȥڳԺһΣǾҪ޾׷ɱ
޶ëҲܾʹͬһֻ
ߣҲҲЩ沩Ϸ
û취м˾ֻʵʵģżһЩͼڳԺڵġֻǰ컹Щ⣬˺ƺҶ֪ǸĽˣҲûʲô۵ĳ鷳ˡ
ҺͻȻ֮ǰΡ
ԭ׬Ǯĺѡ
ûж׬Ǯ·˾ֻŬ·²ܸϵ·һھ͸ϵˡ
ҲʡǮ
ϲڽа֮䣬һֱܵشġǵפҲĺܺãѡĴ粻ʲô֮أûʲôر׬ǮزҲѹȱˣǽһЩ˻˻ܻӭڵǰȥʳΪıؾ֮·ǺʳΪʳǹϵҲͦġ
ν֪֪˰ս
ϲڿ˵ҵ֮أǰ˹ռϢ˵Ҳͷͷǵ䡣
ô˵ϲڻǸɣбһ˵ҿðɡϲڲǸͷǰҲʲôϻڣңڡڣֻһһ䲻ڡں˵ޡޡޡ˫޵Ĺľ˽Ϊ֮¯׷Ļ䣬ͬʱҲ׷
Ҳô˵ɣҲʿģ˵㡣һǲģѵûɶ׵Ľݾнݾֲ˭᲻߰
߽ݾĶǿ״ˣȻͲôƱˡ
ȷҲмܹɹЩ鰮ɾӶлַȴģʱ˷Ὣ¯һɣʱʱľͻΧˡҵı飬֪ʲô
ƺ˽ͦġղ˵ǽжڣȴǲ˵ˣ
ûϸϸһۣ˵ʵͦʺġǶΪްʵǡֻǶһ鰮֮ͬƫаˡֻ˶ƫԽ⡣ϲڵʿһҪͲͬ˫Ըֻжκ˶һͬʣϣɡ
˫޹ȻܹΪģ۾
ǵΪħȡΪԼһģֻǼٽ˫֮ộһˡ൭ĻشϲʿòᣬһʿѵֿΪɫԣдһҲỹСòҪʧԪϲڵ֪ǽޣ²ǻὫԸĨ
Ҳô˵ɣҲ˼Ҿ氮ءܾСһ˵ָǳ˵ġ
ɼʱǴһɫѡ
氮ЦЩΪԼ氮ˣؼ澵ԼƾʲôΪһòƽ˻ᰮأ
ʱɣСһ˵ĸеҲ涾
ǲǱе㲻ԡ
û˵ô΢΢̧ͷ赭д˵ǧǰҵĸǻϲڵ
ʲô
ԭô
СһҲ̫ˣľͺ˵һܰ
Ϊ㣬ԭĸǳԻϲڣǻϲ
룬Ҳûԭ
Ҳ˵Сһʸ߳ӣҲΪˣȫ׶ӡҪ֪һķ˶ûģʿʿ֮Ϊ£ĺҲֻǴҲ˵Ŀܡ
رáرɫģڷ֮еĸʼΪ㣬ǶԷǴתޡ
зòҲǵ˰ϵˣҪ˵費ÿǿ϶ǲܵġ
ôͣʵܺ
ֻСһͻϲڣȫϱ߰ι
ȵȣǧǰϲڷʿҼǵûϲʷмصķʿ޼һӦСħŮ֮ƵҦ飬˱鲼ǧ磬һҲǷҲΪġ֮ǰû˿ܳɹ¶ע˭ȴһ˵ǰ棬һʱ䵼ºϲڵʿӣ
ǸţƵΪŮ޶мӵ
ȻҲǲʿеŮ͡
ȻжӣӻǷࣿ
ҵ죬Ҫ˵ȥû˻š
ôܣôң
ѾҵĸҲ꣬Ѿǳ֥ùӵ顣ߣһŵĶ಻ʤ˵ҲšңҲ˵ȥ
ȻرЩ⣬֮Ʋס𣬡ðһ㸸˭ʲôܹҦӣ󰡣ǸΪķӣǸͷħ𣬻Ǹɵţ˵ʵѪͳ㲻֪
֮ʱѾɣɹҶȥˡһ֮еʵ̫࣬ԼҲ֪˭ĺӣ൹ǺĵȥҵİԣҺѰãҵĸӦþֻһͨͨķ˶ѡΪڲ֮ǰΪԲԼĵģӡԼеΪòȥ˼ʮꡣ˼侭ֿѣľ衣
ϲڶû˷ûԭġ
ЩֻҦǰķ⣬ŮŮΪտֻҪ΢֮ģ˹Ϻӡ˭뵽һȥһͨͨķˣΪһأ
ǲɣֻΪһͨȥﻹ˼ǵ
Ӯˣܳɹ
ⷽ棬ŷ໹ġ
ôշ磿
Ϊ˵֮ʿնϳԵֶšԣҾ͸Լȡ˷ϡ࡯ʦȡģ˵ұʿһģϣһܱһģʿƴΪܷһ·ô֮ҲˡһҲǸԼһ
Ŷдǻˡ
ͻȻеĽСһˡ
˼ܹô㲻ûԭġ
ô˽ޣûڻϲô׷ʵ
ϲڵ˷ΪһΪĸǻϲڶľţΪĶӣ϶ҲһΪҵĸ׵°ԵƨɷɹǵЩܹϲڸˡԣ齫ֱӽȥ
ȻСһ˵ʮƽҼʱķôӡ
㡭
Ҳĸס֮ʱΪɱѾǰˡʿʵҲûô׽ڷ֮ǰʹҪҪ̳лϲڣҾܾˣ˵Ҫȥޣ˽͵ʦʦҲûô̹ңʦִġ˳һᣬǸʦµ΢Ҳãĸ˵Ϊֱһŵǧҽӽ֮ˡ
ʱ򣬲˵һ˵ĽԽߣԽӽ
෴ÿ˶ڽͽĵĲͬڽϵвͬĸߵ͡
Ԩڵʷûʦ˭ͺǻһʦȻûʲôȴ̻˷ҪƷС
Ȼһ˺ͷͬ£ǾǴɵı䡣
һĵ֪ǰʦʦֵչ»ĺܺáһСһѺáĻ³ɳķ࣬ͬķʽȥԴͽǡ
ƹǡ
ȻҲСһԼһֱܼԼ
ʲô˶ܴһϲת䵽һƶɶûеĽ޵ġ
Ƿ൱ܲסĻ츳òȫ׾ٵĹһ
ôһ˵Ҷ˼Իϲˡ̾˿˵ô˵Ҳϵǳ
Ϊʲô֣ڵĻϲںǧǰͲһˡ˵ˣӳԨڵʱҶû˵ʲôôֵϲͲ˼ˣʮֲЩ㵱һͺˣԼˡǶʮʯǻҪõֵġ
ܺã㰡Сһ
ɿĻ˵
У׼ԼĴָ滹һЩʯȵøðһȫµͷø˱һСϲڵĻǸͷ˼ҾΪƳԼƵˣ˳յӣ֮ǰ彣׼ʦһġ
ţҲѾʱܵ׼Ҳ˵ϲڵ׷ɱ·ʮ
ǣʱҪѻòֻĿȥӮȥٰ
ֿ˿࣬ûǶ˵棬ж
ϲڿ˵һҶˣĸַףͱȽϿţлŮ֮£㶼ظǰѹʱ򳣹ĳ仨վۣͺ̫ࡣ
ͬģ˰ϣϲܹв˰ǰڵĻϲҪнڲٵĶࡣ
ȻҲΪû˷ˣҪڲҲ
ϸ̽ˣ⻨Ů壬ֻҪԼòŵģμӡңϲڻſʿʲôǰ
ǻ࿴ˣǾͽΪ£ԼϯҲСҪһȣҲǲԣ磬Ըģ˭Ҳ˭
ûб뵫Ҫȥһϯ֮صģҲܼ򵥣ǮλþˡôˣѲ㻹Ҫ׿ϸ㣬ֲûжʮƷʯƱ˵ǾǾţһë
ôһͲõ˼һ˲ˡ
ʲôһʯ㲻ֱȥˡҶƹֱʯܸˡ
Сô˵ģ֬ˮ·ζۣ㰮ҪҪҾ͹ݣһأƹıĵĿһۣӡ
ˣҷҲǽοˣ۾ҪòſԾҪˣҲʵ˷ˡ
ߣǴˣӰͶСģҪ̸ۣ
ҪƵꡣһ̾ˣǵúúýѵѵЩˡ
ǿӲקĽҸߣϲµ˶һˡ
ңͨ죬һôǮԼȻ˵ҳôҲƽϣˣ
ϹˡȰ˵Ӳǣ޷ǲҪ
ͷô죿
ʱ˵ɡ˵ʵڲУʱˡ
аɡһŬԼƽ
ˣǻȥǱ߿ȸ㱨ҺܿŷɱҲλòźá
ȵȥʱ򣬺λöˣֻлţи߼Ʊ
ڳλʯ
ٶûôĺô
֪Ʊۻڣû뵽ڵ̶ȡ
û취ˣСһ˵ҴҲȥμôֻҪܹͨԤѡҾͿӵѡλˡĿŷʵ
ʾĬ
ĬѾ˵ˡ
Ҷʱˡ
ʵ㲻ĳԨ洫ƣΪŵ㣬϶ֱܹӱȥ
һϤִŵ٩
תͷľһϤǷ
£ôЩ𾪣֮ǰȥҵʱ˵ڱչأˣ
ΪˣԪӤ֮һȻᱻ밡µԼ뺯֮ǰ룬϶ⳡ£û뵽Ȼˡ
˵ֽ꣬ĿתԱߵķ࣬λѴ
ΪܹμӻĿǰǴߣʵʵסԼΪʵߵġ
ӴСҧң˵ʲôˣţԼļʹ죬ȵС촦ҲŷСĸͷ֮ǰһȦҿӵƯˡ
ǸǰС˵ӦҪһķŵ٬̬ȣĳŷ񣬡£ǰ
Ҳɶ࿴Сۡ
Ȼ츳׿Ⱥͨ밡ô˭Ǵˣ
񡣡˵㲻þ
ô˵С˵ָʵǿҪǱֲҧҡ
ᡣ
ҲЩΣĲһԲϾɱ˵ˣеľɱ¾ǺҲӦ
ȿȣѲЩæмڣղŲ˵ҿȥαôȥɣ˳ǰˡ
ãҵ뺯ȥСºٺٵЦЦҲԼȥѡ֡
⡣
ҿ£ֿԱߵķ࣬ʵҪһͱμ˰ɣġ


61 
Ŀҡ
֪Ϊ˼ٶ֣һңҲܳ嵽ȻҲ˵㲻ÿʵҾں˶ˣҲЩľͷʻĶࡣңֱ˼ѹͲںԣӦȥαЩ˺㣬ô
ҡҡӣһ˵ĿǿȰ
Һ˼ұⲻѻʯô
Ϊá̾˿һ޶Ѿαˣʲôѡְ˵ˣȻҲҪͷҲѰɣϲȱľˡ
һȻ޶ʮƷʯǺջġҪǣ⻨ͷȥϲڵؾﴳһü˵Ǻġ
ڶϢͨˡǰҵȷûʲôվͷΪǰεĻð׵Ķ˰ϵˣżм˰ϵ˶־òƽı˰ĶμӡԣҶϣʹöˡʱǵעӮ㻹׬һʡ뺯㣬ȥˣ
ºҫһأͷѾ֮УͷϵСʱһͱµڣеɷ
ò˵ʵºúô磬ôһȣһȺ֮ͨԵøۣҲֲôˡ
аɣʱħСҲڰ׷ѹˣȰĹѾѹҲǾˡ
´ҲǺϢоҲûʲôá
ھԵԣھԵǰһе˶ֽϻ
Ҵŷȥˡ
¸뺯ҲԺúõʡһǮҿĵǣ뺯ס޵Ǯʡˣϲֱṩס
˵ԭΪ˱α
ȿȣΪ֪ԭ򣬼αǶǱȽϳɫſ඼֮ͯڻϲڵĸ˵һĴ⡣ǷתƣǻᷢʲôͲ˵ˡÿһôΪո˵α͵͵ȥʱ˫ȶڴĹֱӳҵҲС
ϲռݴ˼磬µʻݣӦоУв·һʿסģЩαǱҲΪ˲ûϲڵͬС
ѡ־ûôõĴˣΪʵ̫ࡣʯľв٣һս˾͸Ƕ಻ʤܹõһαͷд˰ռһΡ
ʿǺӣӺ޵ֿ
ˣŵϳ㿪ϰٸԹŶӡʹˣҲ˴Ķӡ
˳һᣬΪŶӵ̫࣬ľͻȥϢˡ
ŶӱĺܶΪսǰˣǴߵģСһòΪ෴ЩòĳΪࡣһЩǴ˱Ҫѹû
ԭֻǳʯķ࿴ộҲЩãȻ
Ԩյӵʱûôˣ
ϲڵֱҪһԴϾô˵ʳסпɶҪǮģһʿͼҵﹺסĵƤ۸ǡ
ԭ໹ǮӦûıȽףû뵽֮ҡ
ԼҲúú׼ˡ
иʣһҪôͲҪҪá
ԭϵѡʤһ𣬾ݲ֣ˡ
ҾãҪȥռһ´ŵĵϢཫͼ˯ӲĳѣҪ쭵ʱֱʮʯĽ˻ȥ
Сһİɣ϶ܹҴ˸Ƿ˵ң˰ϵ˶ûÿ
֮˰û¼ˡϲǴ˼ˣǾʲôɱﵡķڹǲƤ룬ԻϲڵֶΣǱضᵥòжһˡνˣضۺʡ
ŶҵӶʱ˲٣㲻ǲô
ҴСĿȾҲһЩƳһۣ˵òΪֻҪƾһʲôаɡ
ѵôһ£ҪǳʲôҲУҲ˽ϵһжҡ
˶ϲɵġĵ˻֮ӺݻʤգҲͬȲһõĻ԰ͬģӵˣҲ֪ġϰһȻҲʡȻԸЩӣԼòǹΪϡ
˵˵˵˵˵ҿɾͲˡҰڳһѧϰļҪú۴ʦڿΡ
о˵޲檲͵͵͵šˣˣԶǵòĲ˵ġҲһֱòôڴͻŨŨԹޣԴƽϢԼĸ޹ֻصʱȥһͻԶΪҲŮӡһ˵黭ȻĲƾţȫᡣȿǴҹ㣬ҲħŮҲڼáĸ֣Ͷá
ʣ
̲סֶܹõ¯࣬ҦǰҦǰŮ֮ģأҪ˵ʲô
ҵĹ۲죬ҾûϲΪ̭ѡԤѡĵһӦûչʾһ֮ƲⲢûƾʵݣۺ˲ʿ֮õĽۡ
ǡһڴĿŷ࣬ʲôᣬӵҲܲȥɡ
һŲᣬ黭ͳͳӴݣһĻش
ɶ
Ϊʲôô˵Լᰡ
еʱ䶼кˣôȥѧʲô黭أʱ䣬ȥһЩұãƽķЩҰ㲻մ
֪֪ˣǸ
ҵһ鷳ˣʲôᣬһһؾͱ̭ˡ
׼һν衣
ţ?һʺţ˵ô࣬Ҫ˵ʲô
ҹشҲҪʱҵ˽һĿ˫˽һĿҴˣﶼһڣǵ˾ʱѡҪαһͬһĿǵǰˡ֮üαȥ̽Ϣ
ˣҪȥ黹Ҫ׼Ķ㰴г̵⼸ĹΣ΢ͣһͣԺٲҲˡԼҵıôһ˿̣ſڣֱӶҽĻʮʯҲҪֳɵģҪģҼˣûгĸʱ㹻ˡ
ཫ鰲ŵװףչʲôִ
ҿԼļƻģÿһʱ㶼ģûϢȥ
һʱ䶼ûиۣ

߱ߵȻͨˡ
ڻϲҲмãǴ̽˲ĻϢЩ֪ҪμһεıҲǷ׷׼ײߡǿܹõͷǵʱ˵³ɹõԪرӣ
¿ˣĺܣΪõһʯ˵һõ¡
ǣҶԽġġˡ
ӴСҧҧⶼΪ˱ȵʱӮˣʮʯ㵱УڳԵô࣬ʼҪǮҲˣѾţǲմʲôõĶܻôǮ²֮̾ǰ㻨ǮԼ񣬹Сȫ˵ġǵȵСѪԽҪԽĶˡһ˵ͨ뻹Ҫ㾡һģվֻҵһӶѣҲ취׬Ǯ
һҪǻõͷܹ׬ʮʯһܽʼҪǮ˽ԼͶעԼ֮õСĿˡ
û뵽ңͷһºѵģҲȥ̽ȫҶʱҲӮϺôһʯء
ֲ֡
¾õѵԼϣҲˡ
Լʱ̬Ҫ΢ǿӲ㣬һʱҶԼĿɾͲˡ
ҡҡӣԼҲǹˣܺʲôŮŮദÿһ¶Է飬öԷԼ

ʦãڲڣҴϢ⻨ĵһؾҪչʾһ֮Ҫ̭һϵѡĶѾʼˣѺҡ
溰˺ü䣬ûҵĻػ
ˣʦòô
ҲûаĵƶŰ
Щɻ󣬸òʦ㻹û𴲰ɣ
˵Լ֮ǰ̫ˣԼûϷԸɴֱȥμˣ
뵽²ɽŲӿ죬ҪȥȰһȰ׬Ǯķʽк֣ܶҲؾһ֡ȻҪȷʵȽһ㣬ֻҪлġ
ʱ㣬Ͱշİȥ̽Ϣȥˡ
ǴɢͶʡ
û̵ĶķɲֹһǳǧҺͷҲеңȻҪɢŶͶңŲ̫ۡ
Ͼ˵ּǵ͵ƣ͵ˡ
ԣǰڵĲȵԵøҪھڸ
ǼڷԼĽ衣
УȫС
⽣裬һױȽϻڵûʲôɱĽѡڣ౾ɱ¾ǽ飬ҪԼɱͽȫֳֻһӣѶȻе
ˣкҲûдӦ
ڲڣûа취ҴӦʲô
룬²û뿪ֱӴ
ҲûôأֻǰŶѣһ۾ܴ濴档
µɣ֮ǰ˵Ļһ
СӦûвΣհɣǸǰڻڲ棿ߵһ룬־ò̫ãڻûиǸǰأСԼʡʵ²⣬Ͼҵ˭ģȥҲֻǰѹŽĽˡ
ֻǲ֪ʲôڶ̶ʱھȻܹýֱӻΪʵˡ
Ҳ˵Ҳ֪ˡ
СҲȰµġ
ţ֪Խ٣Խǻľá
С̧̧ţܿͺ½ûвʲôϢ߽ȥӦûаΣյġ
ôһ˵¾ͷˡ
ʦãǰڲڣҽ˰ֱ߽ţһ۾Ϳҵķûأô
δȫ˵ڣͿҵķ䣬һλǰýеĽջؽʡ
ͬʷϣֽԼҲժ
ţ
λǰתͷúĿԡ

࣬ͣĳŻؼҵ·ϸϡ
СһԽԽúŪˡ
쵼һʼҺƵһһ㶵ģ˺ͿʼþˡȻСһǺܺƭԼ̫˽ˣƶĹƻǿҵĳܵϣҪҲʲôʵĽڡҪɰɣǶʮƷʯҲʵ̫㡣
һ·òŽУ㽫Ͷĳĵ㶼һ飬˳㽫ͬĳʺ淨Ҳ¼ʱҪѡʵķ
֪ʮʯͲôˬˣȻڻܶһЩǮ
Ϣ˼飬Ƿ˺ö౶۸ġ
ٺòһӶһʯ͸ǲڻˡ
ҲҶҪĶˣҾòһ޶Ҫ鷳ġ
°°ˣϢˡֻԼҪۡ
Ȼڼ·ϣҾͽӵµĽѶ
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ң̫ˣ
ǸǰȻ˼˸ųμֱ
ֱϲһվϲڻԸ⻨Ǯģ
ٲãȥǮʿǮٶȲ죿ҪǲʶҿԸܣҴǮģҪǼҽ϶Ը⻨Ǯ
ɶҵĶҪˡ
ƱҲμˣء
̫ˡҴСûܵĴҲ䣬Ҹվ
Ժ˸ҺúõҪ˷ųˡ
Ȼ͵˰ϵһָŭգ׷ɱɣ
뿪ˣˣҰҶѹǰˣǱ˼ǵ֪ͨңһǮɶ񡣡

ĺӡ
϶ǼСһˡ
СһҲ湻ģõСһʱǱʲôıȥ۲µӵġ
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62 
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ô͵޹ĿңԸꡣ
ȷʵҲ͵ˡҿŷҲΪֻˡˣΪʲôͻȻҪǰ¶Ŀ
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Ҳ֪˶ãǵͶƱų
ȫƱͨ
ЩˣȻҪسչʾԼġ
ЩˣʼòѾ⸳츳ˡ


63 
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ԼཫͨԼĺƸдš֤ͨѾɹͨԤѡ뵽һˡ
̫ˣûꪳɳ
Ҽ״ϲ˺һſ࣬СһǲȡߣǼ㳤˰ɡ
轣ʱǾ͸ҹˡ˵ǿҽÿ˵ûмôĽƾʵͨصġ
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ܰҵĽôãһĽ޼϶Ҫ𺳲һܵġ
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ҵسԥһûôУúðɡ


64 
Ļί̲סЦ˳
վˣûгòõġί̲ס࿴˷༸ۣǾѡȤμˣ޲ѸԼںģ׷չʾԼسġߣȴֻһ
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Ϊѡ˵⻰ʱ㣬Լûвɡ
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Ϊ˹ƽڵڶѡǵһЩϢǿԲõġ
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źɫʯļֵǲɹһ㲻ǵȵʿҪģǲóġ
ҿܾмҦ档


65 
ңеˡ
ұһŵò´ȥ˯ۣϴűεķŭ
ɶظɶأ
μԼΪһţһƯʿԸûûֵĸԼ߻СһݻÿŵƺǷϿʳϸŸûгԵֱӱˡ
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ǻϲڵˡ϶˵Ȼ֮ǰ˺ܶϾǵĵؽ磬ʲô紵ݶǡ
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Ҳ֪ץʾ֪ˡŵĹһֱƮҵУʼˡ
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ڱûг׳䶨֮ǰԼһٵ˳ܱ棬Żϲ߸Ǳֳ˶Ĵͣ˵ʲôھ˲Ǿٰ塱֮ģӮ˲˵ĺȲ
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ϲܹڶûеӷӵĵò˵Ƕƶ˵Ĵǡ
СһҪúѧѧҸҴģϲڵһ˾Ϻꡣ̲ס̾ڶɣǸϮ飬ǲĲ֪ǹأ
ôһ̽ǳһͬʱ׵ĳϳȥ
ʲôøɾˡ
νõʯͿߣҲһΪҪȥأû뵽ôˡ
СһҪòģǰ¶ʱʤѾעˡΪʲôмһѾעıأҵʱҲô˷ѵġңͷҲֻȡѡ
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Ѳɣע˾ֻһ֮Եô
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ҿֵĲѣԭҪһ²ķ룬û˵ˡ
ļҲá
˿̣Һ˲ˣȴ˻ϲĶ֮С
ôľͽ˱һʮ㡣˲һ֮ǰʱаһȴȻ䡣
ѹˡϲŷ磬˲ֱôЩ꣬㵹Ǳøˡ׷ѰһϻͯеЧġȻЩŹֵĸãҲǲˡ
ߣϻͯ˭ܱȵùǻϲڵġϻش˵ǷĵӼȫഺפһЩɽʧܵɢɣԾഺģ˲˵ҪǵĹһ˲˰ľƺ«˵
ǵĹ޲ˣҡϻشһ׿ھſڿഫھȴ©˼䣬ûеӷϲ̾ң㲻շ
ܷҺο໹ʲôഺפ˲ЦգԨڷһοԺúÿеİ


66 
ʳΪ磬һζĵط
Ҳûʧ
Ӧ˵Ҫá
Ұ
ҲҪ
ԣǸ˳ԵҲҪһݡ
߸ź棬˫ֶĸС
൹ǲ̫ЩĿҡҲֻʱʶƽʱ￴ϳɣҲͶʮѡͣԼǰͽܵʱ򣬻һСӶءǰͽܣ붼ǽ̵һġ
˵ˣ㶫Ҳ
ǰɣΪʲôܽЩڴռҪõȻ˵ǡʳءʽ㲻໹ǰ붮
ֱðҸĳʳ˵ΪߣֻҪǳЩ̺дĶһ˵ǲֵġҲΪʲô֮кӵԭ
Ҳ˵һǶûˡ
ЩСֺܱˣһƷʯһݣҴͷԵβۺҲͻƷʯֱٵǮĿˡ
Ա֮ҲĶӣɹ̫
ʿҲǲܱɹڵģٺ١
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ݼʱ䡣һҪһܰپôõġ
ҪϢôãྪˣǰ˵ʱûϢôá
ĿԼŵļҲδ̫ˡ
ʲô˫աʲôڼգʲôݼ٣ϦҪԼһ٣ܸоԼĵ߾Ϳ챻ĥûˣҪԼһֱڼÿ캰Ҫʹ˳Ժһˡ
ݽϲҲ֪ԼٺúϢȥˣֱֻ壬Ķŷ˵㲻ҪϢǰ˵ĸΪĥģӡԼһбɷȥ˼̬Բԣ

ҸԼż٣뵽磬ĴʶҲһĥԼĵô밡ҶԼôļˣڹһǼɼһԸģֻķʽĲһɷнµ˵úɣǲ
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ĺûˣһξͲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱˡ
Ҳʲô鶼ûòãⲻһֱڴСʳסôҾ÷ҲеԽԽƭˡȻǽ߳࣬Լ߾ˣʯͷÿϣοǸأ
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ǿ޵ģ츳Ըã˫ʿԸָơҾã̫ʵ
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СһʳΪ簡ϾųϵʿȫʳޡǳԨΪһĴʦ֣ʵ˽ҲһЩͷԼȷӲֻûһиŵʦѡ⻹ͬʦֵܣϵɱһ˺õöࡣ˵ĺû㲻ô
˶ǻмĵġ
֮ͬ䡣
ͬᣬ仰ܷʲôͨõġ
ôһ˵ȷЩ֡ôһŷԷ˵еԼ걻˳Ϊ񣬵ﲻսΪԼƺšͬģСʳ֮ƵƾʲôӮһߵأ
סνʳ¥ʳ¥ֻб˲ܽȥǽӵҪȥѡҪʮ꣬ȴһ¹ƷԸȽϺáЦе˵ˣǾȥ˵ľ¥ȥɡ
ŵĲҵҲ͵ǳԨڵĲҵˡ
ЩȽ飬Ҫʱص˲С
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ϸŷƹҲԪӤʿ
ֻǸоĳƹԪӤӦýıȽһ㣬´Ҳǵڣѵﻯˡ
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ȻˣǳԨԼˣﻹǮƹĴЦǵһٶʮŵӣӦʦ壬ҽˮһʦС
ʦ塣ҹɵĺһ
ˣϲ裬еСʲôĶֶŮһݡתͷԸʱ仹˵
ԭŵӣһֱûа취Ϊ洫ӵһ֡鵤ӤΣһֱûгɹҲɴ˼ģԼδʼŸԼҳ·ȥ˼䣬˼ѶѾˣڵĹλ̫ΣԼɶҲǣҪһλеѡ
ǰڷʱҳǡһƷһƹѾȥˣұԨڣľûмǣôŵۣѡΪһƷƹ
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ôĶĢӦװ͵Ԩȥ
ǽǰҲͬĵͷĢ֮£޻̸֮ѣ֪Ϊȴƫƫ㡣⻹㣬֮һЩʿǸ⣬Զ
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ԼͲǸŷʣһ˵йصĻٻЩġʿ˵֮˵ȴҲܲţΪһùĺˮġ
˵޻֮ԣȻҲţ
һʼȻ˲ŵģֻŵùԽԽ࣬ҲݲǲˡҲΣֶֻ㶼ûа취ȥ֤
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εȻôֻɺϡ
һƷ˵ԳԨڡ
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Ӣ䣬հԶҲƨǧ򴩣ƨ
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νᣬǸ»ֵȼһЩīسɹ治˼ȡ뿪һ֮УЩĶŵ
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67 
СһˣǰôǮۿġʹļ׵˵ղҵҲ̫һ˰ɡ
߳һƷ֮ҿʼͷˡ
⼸֣۾ڷŹ֪ôķ綼Ӧģֻǰ뷨ֳѡ˵ˣֻҪ㻹ڳԨڣ㻹ҪԳԨڵķεȻĻǲܲġ
һʱ֪ô
ڷʡǲԼǰ̫ǮˣԲŵ·ѧӡ
ͻȻе㻳ǰСһˣġ
Сһһ仰˵ûдǾȻ˳ԨڵķͱҪԨڰ¡ܹҵһȳԨڸõĵطۡǣĵλƣǰ޺ƻҪ£һ뿪ţҪȥһõʵ̫ѡң඼ͳԨﲻ˶ˣѹﻹ̺Ϊ׸룬ôܹʱһ֮
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ΪûгԹʲôõġʵʦ뷨ͺܶԡ
ʦ㣬ȻӦñҽȾͺˡЦʮֿģ϶֪ٹãСʳͻѡԵȥƷ²ˣҵҵʱϲϣǰˣһѡأҪܹƷСʳգҵĳˮƽ϶ߵġ֮ǰȥʿһСԡĲȣԺֱ鵤Ӥˣݹ˵һյĲȡ㿴㣬ҪһЩŮŶӵҪȥء
СʳÿһѡԵ˶ôҺʵŵ˵Ҳ򣬱ѡϵļҲ֪󲻴󣿡
һ˵ÿһζѡʮңǼٵҲҪŶӰ˵Сʳмʮ궼ǰˣ˵Ҳ˹ؼʱڣԺʱֻԽԽٵġ
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ߵ򱻷ֳ֣һϷɣһǵߵģһˮεġ涼һЩûпǵıޣһƤ񣬿͹ˮӡֳףľһʡһһֻһ˶ߵĴзӻЩƣһ֪
ұߵֲ԰͸ˣһѶҸв֣ۻҡ
ҪзʦͿɡҲ˼˵
Ǿһзɡ˲ЦзһһһٸĺʡС˵ĻһһһģһƿԼĻƾƣΣʦ㵹ǻзǸմӺײģԺ˵ҲǸʮΪء
̿ˮеԥˡ
Ϊ
ǡǡԼһгкȵģ˵ʮͻˡ
һ˶ߵз
˭ܹܾأ
ԾͳˣСһһȥĵ
Ǿʦˡ

˲ЦЦܿȥˮｫֻһ˶ߵзץԸʵϰȥϴԼڰǰʼԼĲ˵ˡ
ѵͻȻ˵ѵĲԴ齣ңΪѵɱޣĵմȾ˺ܶɷԴһܹƳ޵Ļ巨
ţ
ҪҵĽ޲ֱܹʮ֮һԲѵ
취شȱ𼱣ȿʲôҩ
ŴзܵǱϴʵϰʳǻһۣ˱˴˵ɻ
ֻзǺò׵Ķʳûдʳ޸ˣʲôģҪʿΪʣ˽֮׶ԷҪôĲˡûһܰٷְʿʵģܹʿĲˣһӹЧƽġ
ֻзȻζأڱʿ˵Ǵ֮ǶڳԨڶΪĽ˵к֮ˡԷԵԽ࣬ǻ谭
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ˣֻʵϰʳ޶ѣʦĻһҪġ
Ա߿һ汾ġϵ桱
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˲˵ĵҲǳ뻯еĲ˵ʹָת۾ͽһЩʳĴı
˾ȵĻõ
Ҳ֪ģһǻһȴǱܹͬʱзŪֽȻͬζ˲зַˮһһͬʱзһЩȵϣϻһѲ֪ʲôԭϵ
һʱ䣬ζʱ˱Ƕ
˵ˣǷ඼Щ棬̲ס࿴˼ۡ
ʦ㣬ܳô
ܡ
ҸһһĽ֭˲ͷҲ̧ļר˵ӣ֮ǰıˡ
жȥ֮ǰеαװ˫֮һһֻԼĲˡ
ϡ
ʳֵͳܹôãȻصڡ
ȵһз¯ҵĿˮѾʼˡ
СһķһĶȥҸоҲҪһӲˡ֮ǰļᶨܿͱԼĲˡ
أз綼ֱ޷ʮħȫϯܹóԵʲôز
磬á
ִܹԵõζ
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İɣʲôҲûззرأԺǻᡭ໰û˵꣬ע⵽Ҵ˿Ѿȫȥκλˡ
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ˡ˲˽֭һСϣзɡ
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ҾͲˣʦáҺԥĽצһзϡ
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68 
һзԵ㣬泩
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ԶԵôʿʳ˵ѵ
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һ˶ߵĴзǶĺз
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Ȼȴûһȫ̳˶ӿеģİⶼûС
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ͳգҲ꣬Բȡ
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ΪܹʳԸĶҲŬҲŬˡΪģһֱûа취µĶ
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ղһֱעҵ仯зҲһСС̽ûһԽ˲϶Ԩڹ⡣ҪвӦĵ
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Ҫô˵˶Ҫһ֮ء
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Ļ̥ˣŻôۡ
žžžž
˲һԹƸͣаѯʵʦĽĺʳΪôˣûмʦôġʦôᣬΪôߣҲ֪ûʲôؾ
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͵ֱġһֱ;Ժһֱ
Ŭ֮ԳΪ˶Ϊƴ;ΪֻŬǱԼץסĶ
˲˵ЦһʱЩӲһΪʦ˵ǿأϾԨھԿ޳ġ
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˲ѵ֪ѡ츳ŬҪ
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зѾĵĲˣԾͲˡĹȻȥ˯˲ˣټɡҴ˸ǷĻش
Եô˶ô࣬ȻҪȥ˯ˣ
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ҲԣϾǳԨ洫ӣԨ˵Ѿʲô
Ҫٶ࿴
˲ǸΪСĽˣһ쳣ᱻСʻ괬
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죬Լ׼һĲԡ
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ŰСԼļ⡣
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ʿ˵ͷƵϰ߶Ҫġ
ѵʿǲԳԺȺȾʳǳ֮ߣÿһʿСһʳ޸Լһ赼ѻǵ谭ԣ˵ձҲԼ۱ߵģǱٹȵǱٹȵܹԽʳޣһٳΪʿѡҪԭ
ȻּҴҵģС⣬ѾԿʼЩͬʳˣȻһ¡ǣҲС
ҵǰҲֻڳԨճ裬ԶҲż̺ࡣʳΪﲻһԵĶʳɵĲˣԵǱĵرΪߣǰûгԹϰȴǲܶʱγɵġ
ԣڿٻֿĵ֮󣬻ƣޱȡ
Ȼôһĸñʲôˡ
ұһϲ˯ˡôһã˯ɲǲȥˣ
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ԣҳԵٴͣԼһܰ˯ȫûʶ໰ԣעֱӾƫˡ
ŶָҪǷִᣬǶʧʿĸ
Եĺ˯úãֱǴΡ
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Ҫͽܣ϶Ҫֱӿ۹е㻨ǮҲٳȥ棬ʵʵĸԼС
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ˣҲеˡ
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˲Ѿ϶ǰϻǲѷڷӣǳԨڵжϡ
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ּһʼķѵԴǾ޴ġ
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˲ܹʳΪӱȻҲѵһţλԼ츳ˣ޷ǾΪͬͳͬ˲ͬɵĲˡ
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ÿŶԨ㣬γͳḴˣ
ȵԼնɽٳɹҲʳΪúƹһַʽЩʳǸһɢķʽŬз
ҾͿʼԼÿ˶
ǿҪͷġ
֮ǰ˶һҪ
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򵥷Ըһ⼸ʵϰʳޣܿ͸׼ˡ
ңҪҪһĹףõľ˵ǻɽ֮һħǻʿΪϲһʳġ
˲˿ľٶٿѡʳģ˶ԷѾˡ
ЩʳﶼþǴԼ֡
ΪͿԱʳﱻֽˣ
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ҴŻصԼķ׼Լַʳ
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69 
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ҳԵͷ󺹣Եϵ·©һ㣬ವðһΪµй
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ʱţΨһܹﵽֻСʳʱԼȻһȥӽҡ
ǵģ˲ˣһˡ
ֻط˷ϻͯȻ˻صٵʱ򣬵ΪҲˡû취ֻܸԼһݣáչأˡ
뷽跨ıȻȴľֻһ·Щ꣬øָķѰͳʿͼѰҷ֮ϧǣЩƽƽ˵ǷˣҪѡҵ̫һܴʳޣǾ뻢ڡ
ȥѡ˳Ԩڡ
Ԩڣһʿĵط
²ǽޣҲ˵
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Ҳ룬ĺúó԰ҵθҵͷ˷ζʳÿ춼Լ첻ٳˣġұʹĲǹġ
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ҲԼĿͱˣֻҵνĶġڳԨҲǰ취
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ǴӼ״ѡ
ĳȵ˲˵գңĻԵɶԼǮ
һĳӰҵǰȴ֪ϧڣȴĪүԸٸһλĻ
ˡʵ̲סˣö䶼Ҫˣ㵽вУǸϽжЩһֱ͹ųԳԳԣǲһƷ黹Ҫˣ
ҶʱѣŶ¡
Ҿ֪ˡ
಻ɷҲɥˡʱͺúõĴȰʳ¥һƷˡҿ˲ݹŹ֣ǰԸ켫֮ǰǰ¶Ŀʱһ˲ɢϢͨʿУɲٿʳ¥Ľ£
֪Ҳ³ˡҽԴϣ㿴ĶõʲôòϣҪˣһô죬϶ҪʦšңձȱʳǼֱ̫ˣҳԵĳң֮ǰ㲻˵оһֱ͵ôܹ̽ģû
ԣ˲һ˵Ŀԣǰٷ֮١
Ѿ˺ˣھͿԹĿʼˡ֮ǰʳ¥ǿˣ鰸
ŶͻȻʲô˵ܲĻ˵԰յǳԨȥͶ
Դ˲ϣ
ʿԼĵġ
ԲڽιһԼĽֵġΪʳޣȴʳﶯֽţǽԼϧĶٵ
һԼĵĶԥʹԼֵĶ϶ӰˣʿԲʲôĳɾͣӲʲôͶ¡
ûеߣԭ
ҼȻҪһϣǾȥˡ
֮½ԼԨ洫ӵƹϣֻһ洫ӵ·ͷβԼӢˬŹһʳǾȵĿ֮ߵʳ¥ǰ
ʳ¥ǻʳǶȥˣǳԨڵĽ޵ӣǼر١
ǳԨڵӣϲʳʲôϵġ
ʳǺܶ඼ȥŵ³ϣµӲУֻȥЩﵱΨţǵä
䲻һ޵ʳ¥ǰǵһӦѲҪܣʳ¥ĸֶʳѵȵô
ȻǴη˿ġ
Ԩ洫ңСʳǰǰһֱվʳ¥ſڣſںڹĴ´ĺܹ㣬ʳ¥µ˶ҲܹԹȺڶ
̲ס˽
ö˶˵ģ׳ʲô?
һƷƹ֮ǰһֱûյҵϢΪλʦֶǲǳʲô⡣ֱʳ¥⺰Ц
ſеĵӣȷǵɫˡ
֮ǰǱʳ¥ʧܣֻһʳ¥ǰȻ¶ݣôСʳΪ˲ʲôϡŹֵԣ϶ǳġңôһҲܱסҵһҳʲô⣬Ҳ˻ɵСʳͷϡ
ͬı׶Ҳԡ
һ¶ݣôҪʲôǾͲжˡ
סʳ¥ȻҲĺ
Լûȥˡ
ҲãλԨڵӣʲôֶΣ
֮ǰ˻ϷڵǿԴ촰˵ˡ
ԶĹͽѶ
Ļʳ¥ǰ¿һСš
΢Ц̤룬ƺȫԼİȫһ㡣
һ̣ѾֱӴ͵ס
ǰŮӣڸ̨֮ϣϴһذѣòȻ㶥ȴҲһζձΪ˲˵ʱҪһЩ˼
վһ𣬺ѽǿͬһˡ
ʲ̫ˡ
˲ڼСãǸŮҷ
ңǰұŽ̬ǫ˸
αװģЦĿңǰ˴󺰴УƵҼ㣬ҪʲôֻҷȰһ䣬ʳΪһˣûװһЩĺá
ǰǰһϿѯʵҲʲôֻҪҪһԼϴͶԸǳԨڣǱȥ˵ˡ

һЦ
Ͷ˼ǣǽ޵ͳʳ޵ͳǰ
ⲻǵͳ⣬·⡣̾˿ֻҪ㲻ʮ⣬ʵǺܿݵġҲµֲ취ԣຣޱ߻ͷǰҪ˵ġ
˫ۼð𣬡֪ʲô
ҲŲæ˵ʲôҲֻ֪Щ²ѡһʿԵ޹ʵĸԼһݣӲԵ޹ʵ顣ʺԩ޳𣬵ǰȴҳԵĶҩͼӽң̽ҳԨڵĹ룬Ҫ֪ԨڵĹĻֻҪͶˣˣôĻС
ǹ˾ʵͦȱˣҲͦȱǮġ
ҪǴǮͶſ϶ҪԳӴ
ҾǴġ
ܿϧƺ顣Ҳ˵Է飬˵֪ԼͶҲòҪĶ
ԨжٶֵһڵʿҪõأ
̾˿ûڸˡ
ҪõǳԨڵĹҲֹһ취ͻȻ¶һЦһӣһֵĹâ͵سҷ˹
Ұν
֮âѾϡ
Ȼâڵϣֵľͷ
ǼľãͻȻ뺦㡣
ľͷڵϹȦΪһϤŮӡ
֮ǰ˲˵ģ
Ѿɫŭɶңҵ棬ɱҵĵӣ


71 
ľʿܵѡ
Ϊ̣Ͽֶֺܺã˼ľҺܶǰѾӦмеĶȥһЩʸϱָղطḻĴǻһ֮⣬û˵ֶ
Ǽġ
ת֮䣬ѾʶҪ顣
ҪԼ֮ǰݣ˳һ޷ϴˮһгԨڻ֣ɱ˵ȣ˼ʦҪ𣬾Ҳܶ˵ʲôڵϣҾһ
Ҳ˲ʹʳ¥⡣
ҾȵĿϸֳԶ׼ʹź
ϴˡ
Ѿˡ
Ժ˵ס
ҽסһѾԶ಻֪ʲôʱѾϣλ磬˲Ѿǰ
ÿ죡
Ѿ˷׼Ǳҵٶȸˡ
ңʶϵƴ䡣
˵֮ǰϵĽֻһϪĻôչֳ󺣣˾ĵز
ȻʳޣϾǴڵʿôóսԵĵȼǰҲûѵĻᡣ
ն࣬Ҵúõоһ³ԨڵĹºɱͻԨڣԨƾ޾ݵģΪһȥԪӤڵʲôأ
ʮѾҳ£󻼡
û뵽ǣƺͻȻͲʲô仯˲ͱü
ԽթݶѪߣɱ֮˵еĹһƺڻӦĻһȻΪֲɱ
һξ룬ԼҲ׺˸ֶķ޿ײĽ⻹һͷ

˽ϵġ硱֡
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ʶı۾
Ȼȵ۾ȴԼſѾýһһ˶ĿӣŵﻹӰ
ŵһƣһԪӤʿôܱȵùһڣ
ˣֻҪܵĻˡ
ԨڵңɱҵӣڸģѡԼʳΪ磬ܹҽץס֮ˣۣҶһħȫϯҿԴӦ֮ڵκһ
ŵһʱʳΪʿǶ𾪲ѡ
ңȻܹСʳﵽز
˿̵ҺͷѾѵǧ֮⡣ûлһƷʱȥֻᱻ׽ˡʳΪĸֲܷһƷĺ̨ǾԲܻȥġ
СһӵĻ죬ղſһΪܰɱء˵
֮ĵȼ̫ˣûа취ֲġӸ״̬֮н˵ôżæŶ֣ϧüľǣ̫ˡҿ㣬ĿǰʮҲһľֵǮ
ǳңҹǳųԨġһƷ飬֡ԳԨڵǰ֪ΪζҲĻὫഫšŶϣֻҡ˸ʯͷ£һӰʯϧΪˣʱص¼¼ҵ汾ܰ
ʯͷ֤סҽʯͷóҲһһΪûкء
ֲɵû׼ôܴȥҵ˷һۣôǼľҲϤǲҲôݹ
չ֮¡һ䣬Ǽǧǰˡ
ǸʱûʱӰϰߣԺǿһԡ
ڲ֤Լ׵ĺʱҽӰʯݸ࣬ȰţõʱСĶˡ
Ϊʲôڲȥ壿ʮֲ⡣
ö˶˵ҪͳԨڶϿ϶ԭġҿ˵ֻһʳޣվʳΪ磬ͳԨһȺǱҲǲġͻȻôһԭ򡣡˵ֻеȵΪԼʤȯյʱŻ¶šǾȵһȣҪʲôˡ
˵ʵ
Ҳ˰һ£ǲʵаֵġ
˵
°ŶҲԣҪ˵С֮ǰѾϢҪʳΪˣϲֵӣ϶ǵġգգ۾˵Ǹ޶ð
硣ڵŵºݺݵĴ˸硣
СȷϺҪǰæôô֣˾һԸ񣬿϶Ǳ˳Կòá
Сͷϱ˱ģʾµٶҪһ㡣
Ҳȥʳ¥ĵطִҵʲô¾Լ޷⣬һ·СߵĺܣϢҲûкúϢֻŸ·ˡ
СֵĺܣߵĺúõģͻȻһȥһˡ
ҪȻľͺһˡ
ۣﲻǸ԰ôŵһɶͷһɫЩס
һֲͨ˵Ĳ԰ӡ
ңոʩʡ
ŶҲͨ
԰ӵĲרʳ¥ġ
ΪڵĵӣϿ̫Ϥˣⲻ޵ķôЩ˵޵ķȷϺõķϣֲźЩ㱻ЩζѬֱӵء
С³һ˿ʾ³Ų԰ߡ
ֻܼǰ
ಡ
һ㣬ǡö㿪һʯͷ
һõӰͼܡ
˲ܵӰǰץסԷļֱӽ˴Ĳ԰ӡ
㡭㡭Ҽ㡣ӰΡΡ̧ͷ֮ǵ£Ŀ㣬ȾңȾҡ
µ̾˻ȥʮֵе£Сҿɲ֪Ůİ
ǹġ
ҡǳǳǲǼӰͷǮͷῪ¶һŴŴ̥ǵ

̫żˡ˺ǳֻóԨɡǰŵʳ¥ž˵ɱĵܣ⻰ƭ˶ˡ
ҵӲСĵõһŽýΪʳ¥Ϊ⽣ҵӲϸʹɱֶѡžӣ޹˼ɵıŻѻôһȻбĽҲԨûа취˵ΪһƷ˵Ҳš
ȻѾãôܣ
ǣⷴҪǵġŭ˵ֻһͨ洫ӣҿҵԨڵĹСӵһԴ齣Ϊߣвٻ巨ֱƤӵܵġ
ֻһͨӣôܴϵõҪĶأ˴Ц֮ǰĻҰˡյϢǣԨεȻƺ⽫ΪŵӣֻĿǰ»ûж֪
ôһҲͳԨΪУҲҪΪˣ˰ɡﻹܲһжԼѾԷ֮У벶ȸںҲһӰˡ
ֻףıεȻΪӣĿǰҲֻһԪӤʿѡĻ֮רȥӽңָʾǰҶΣ
֮УЩۼĨȥġ΢΢ЦضУ
Һͷ˿ν
˵ǻʽϷѡ
ǷǵûкͱһĴԼֱӴһԵģ˹ĳ˫ԣĴж
ڴҵĹӡ޾Ӧһжֹ°͵ġ
ŷֱĴߣ˶ɢһõΪʵĸоʿһ̾Ťͷٶ࿴ڶۡ
ޡ
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˭ҲὫǰСŮ̬ŮӺǸɱ˶ᱦĽϵһ
ôһʮֵĲ·
ܲһ˶ҪˣҲ·೤̾һµ߹ȥЩʿȻв˳ͶĽĿġ
ϾͷŮǿɲǺ׷ġ
Сһ㿴жĽòãҰҲû˷ռ˵ĻᣬҾӦҪֵĿһҸҴģǰûбŮôܹ
˵ǰһͽܣһŮͽܣұ㻹Ҫϡ
Ҹһӵ
Ȥ
ޣǸ
ھôǱתƻ⣬ټ˵ˡ
˵ˣ޵ѵ쾭ô
СҪҵǺ׵ġЩ룬⣬ȥҾǺܵ͵ģ׵ˡʲôֵñƵĶĻֻֻˡĿŷ˵ȻҲǳųԨġɣԨӦúͷӵĹϵȽϴҲƷˣ֮ǰҾҵ뷨ܳһ⡣
ЩһЩʱ룬Ʒһζ
ôûˣúЦɲҪжǮǮôģ
ô˵ҲŶץץͷҲСһ˵ĺеðɣǾȲҪЩڻҪȥҺйصĺۼ
ôң
ܹ֮СʳţҪħȫϯħȫϯһǧ˵ȣֶʿЧΪԹ˶˵ãħȫϯҪôĲǺܷѹģܹԵЩ˵˺ĹϵܲáˣǾȥ˵ħȫϯĵһˣ˵ǻƽͷĹʿ
ȻѾĿ꣬ʣµľͺðˡ
ʿ汾ʳң˵һѪͳζͼΪʳΪＫΪܻӭʳ޶ҪúԼĲˣԼиռ䡣
ʿЩѾܾûгˣҪе鷳
óľǴӸ˿ˣܿ˹ʿס
ʿĵطҲҡ
Һͷ˺ܿĿĵء
ʿĶͲһɽ䣬ɽ˵һּΪĢҲʿԹĲһĹڳԺĢĲˡɼĢһǹʿֻұֵ̫ԣԲŻһʱһΡ
ฺˣҸʻ
صֻǰһɽʿҪҲ㲻ȥ
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ʿֻһͨʿ۾ɫһ㵭ɫеڳ֮⣬ûʲôرĲͬ
ץסʱ˻еµġ
ѲʲôʳҪƷָˣ
ţֻҪ⣬ʵشͺá΢Цſʿ˵ҪǲʵĻ룬ӦòϢطɡ
ʿҸŵˣԩ޳𡣡
ħȫϯΣѹûиԷ׼ᣬֱӾʳ˿ڡ
ʿʶĸŻشܺãħȫϯ˼ɫȣǼܹ֮ĲˣСʳ֮ˡ
ȴ䡣̾ħȫϯʱһЩõĶ룬Ϊлƽͷ㣬ӦҲƷ˰ɡȻôûٳԵڶħȫϯأ
ȫʹթˡ
÷Ļ˵һʧȥ˵ߵˡһʧȥ˵ߵʳޣԼĳ֮ʱôܻʵʵģ˲һɵģֻҪ׷ݹ϶ҲܹһЩ˿ġ
ڹʿȴ
ֲãֲöԷ
ԭԭԷҲ֪ġ
ҡҵʱҲ֪ʿ˫һֱӹڵϣǰҲ֪ҲûгԹô֪ڲЩǡǵȵ֪ʱѾСʳˡվ¶ûңԼҲᱻɱԣֻװ֪ӣٲЩ顣
˲֪ǼĪΪû뵽ԼȻըһ涫㵱û뵽Щˣɻ˷ˡ
ǡ˭֪أʿסʳе׼һģκοǵĶͲʳˣǲ˵ġǣҲû뵽Ѿǵˡǵ֪ʱѾˡһ±¶ȥЩǱͿʳǺǲߣһй¶ȥ¶ʳ˵֣֮
ÿǵˣǴ˵һʳģдͳʳ޵ǣΥΥⷴɡ
Ȼô
Щô
ʳ޵ͳʹ΢ûпǵ޲ͬ壬Ҳûа취ָժʲôһǣǾǱϵ飬Ҳ֮һ
ˣ϶ǲϹصġ
Ҳ֪ǴĲףǵҩβ˵鵤ɱ˵ĶһȻҲֲͬʳҪΪֻȥµĲʽòͬĲʽЧԼΪǵ޺ûпǵģɲ֮ЧζǽȻͬġʿѾֻʲѣֻǣôһеħʲôͬأ
Ϊ˳ΪΪĽݾ
ȻҲҪġ


72 
߼Ϊ顣кߣüͷԥ˵
ʿ֮ΪµֻҪձֵۣǾġΪһ˽ȥк޹ˣǾаħͬħ졣
ħ޻Ҫӹ֡
ħ޲Ὣɲˣƭ֪˳ȥ
²˵ˣ֮оѾմȾͺñǰĹʿ֮гԵħȫϯ֮󲻵ò伣ôһطţԾɻǱ˳
зŶҳԵĶʳ¥ĺɵôʳǵƤӵ¸Щġ뵽ֲɷڵĵˣ˻
֮ǰСһֻܣԼ֪ܣǲˡ
һƷ֮ǰȥǸʿ¾Ϊˡһܵͳɣضǰ˥ܻеĶ֮һ
ֻҪͻƵڣʱδûһս֮࿴˵ȻǿϾֻʳޣܹѹǵҲֻΪȼѣڱĶֶϿ˵ʮֲִڡ
ȻҸû˵ʲôֱó˴Ѷ͵ؿʼϵԨڡ
һ㶣ƺЩ⣬ʲô
ˣȻҪһʱ쵼쵼ͷȥȻ˵УСһǴڰһԪӤڵҪܽʲôвУԲСʱҾ͵쵼ǰˢˢڸУ쵼Ҳ֪жôС
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쵼ԺֻὫⶼ֮ҲҪʲôôõĹˣôܲأ
ԾԼǱſ˲ŽҪģѵž͵ųԸɷ
ǺǣǾ̫ˡ
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ţ˳㻹һʴġ
ҾΪǸ˲ŻˣǳǳƺʲôЦĻЦᶼҪˣʹͰûڣԭֻ̥аƴ󣬿㿴ڵҡ
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ѡһǳǳǰȻѡ
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СʳҲ˾֪ܲΪˣôʲôˣĸŴӦúò׵Ǽ˽
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ΪⶾĲô˼ûʳˡҡͷܾɣûа취ġ
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Ҫ߿࣬˵˵ԼĲףѻ˵Ҳͳˣôһ쵼Ųеۻ㡣
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ͣˣҲǲǲ̫ҿԷĻȻҪҲҪҵԪһҪþõĻţǵöİ;ЩۣҪһֱңǾһˡˣʵϲһ˹Ļš
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СһҪʼˡԾԾԣӦܹסɡ
ЦһֻҪסҾûпסʱ򡣡

Сһʤʵе㱬ˡ
á
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֮ƾһϽЩ˵棬粽С
ʿŽԼĽ⽣ϣе齣̾ͱƣ˳Žʼֱӡŵʿ̽е齣һԣ齣֮ʱѾ顣Ƕһ㣬ٲҪֱۣ
׾ٵĶԼĽҲ˼ýұĵĿ˶Էһۣ
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ѧİգգ۾˵㶼ùôˣҵȻѧûᡣֻѧΣûѧӡֻתķʽóͬĽжѡ
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ҷһݻ漴Žʧʡ
ʿ˽ЩͲܹĵˡ
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Ϊʲôǰһյ裬ǰյ裿ܼ򵥰Ϊ׷ҵԽԽ
һ¹ٶȺܿģܿͻὫΪƽˡ

һ߻ӽһƤЦĶʿЦ
Щ׷ҵʿѾԴð̣ңǵ治Ƿ
~ƽʱ·ϣҲȥעµЩҳôȷ磬ǳ˳ôôôأ
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Щ죬ǸҶܣȴ׷ҵٶȡ
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Ѳÿ춼û͹ϰôܲɣǼʻŷۣٶȣ˵ȥֱס
ˣһҰγһƺɨ
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һҲҵĽɨУһ˺ö鵤ŻָҵĽȻɱҹΧܹ㣬ʵȴΪһڷ˽еȻȴ
ƭǵģݰݡѹûг˸Цеܵˡ
ʳΪʿǿɰ̫ܴ򰡣
ΪܴĲôһ׷ɱ㣬̫ûˡԱ˵˶֪֮ĹϵЩ΢û֮ǰǲΪôһ㽱;׷ɱġ׷ɱҲǻڣҪնɱǲѡ
ö˶ɱʲôҸ̾Сһ㲻Ҫɱôء
ֻȰѡ֮УܶѾĥĽΪƽˡشһһֱ׷ɱ㣬γħǾͻΪԶĵˣ뷨跨ͨɱԼħԼС磬Ǻƽ顣
ܶ飬гֵľ飬ԲŻô˵
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ÿһγֵĵطʳΪشﲩҪסѣʿ֮ҪץңҲܹǰԤ֪Ȼܵ󷴶Լ۵ת
ʳΪһ¥Ϊǿзɵĵͣ˵ʿѾԨڣϣԨúõŻűаԵĵӸߡ
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һӦе緢Ҫϲҵһƣ˳ָһ̵ģȾƲԶ
Сһͻݡˣ̼żһ¿ԣҵܲˡ̼ֻżֲŽ̼춼ǵĻǾͻϰΪˡһһģðݣѡһ£Ҫȥһأ
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ӹڵͼϣͣһϡ
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һǳ⣬µѪϢȫޡ
ˣЩӴƻǵĲҵǰȥ׷ʿһǡ˵ҲöԸҪץĻԭĽ𲻹ҪǮ
Щҵѣ޷µĲҵǣںһ
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Լ֮һĲҵ챻Ҹҹ⣬ҲֳһŤ֮ɫ
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Цһʲôʱܹ˵ҵʧɡ
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Сǲе̫ܸˡ
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ΨСԼƺǿԱȡһ
޺ͽ֮ԼϵȻǲɶ
һɶ
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СһԴڻΪСҡҷҵԶġ
Ҳ˵ܲ𣬾ҪǸҽߣͱҵĽ档ԥĻشʱɱۡ
Сһ˵ķʽڳԴŶ
˵ֻԱٹȵԴס෴㱾ҪСһʱĽˡǣҿ͸ˡ
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һ֮ҲǿˡνƤòṇ̀ҡǳǳҪ˵ͿһƷĴֱӱƿ
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ǰܸǩôǳǳСóһϵѯʵ
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࿴ңȴҲһ±Ƶӡ
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74 
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лǰǳǳļҪιȥҡһὫɴұһֱȥġ
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Ǿʰɣ֪޲ԡǳǳҲ΢һ㣬ϾﻹڣԼٻҪһġ
ȻúÿǹáǰִܵģͬʦֵǿҶ̫˳ۣһ̫⡣ڣҾҿǵĸˡԱģң˵أ
ҾãҵøˡͻȻ˵
һ㶣漴ַӦϴЦݣҼüŪۣǰ˵ģý˸еѽ
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ͷԼϵڵģԼͲ뿪ʲôȲ˵ġ
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аͷ쵼ϣбĵλԼҾ㵽ʱ˼ԸԼߣһƷ⳥ⲻ𡣶ңһεȻҪʦţԼѹʦͶʿô찡
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ҪԼٻȥʹ飬ҪΪʦʦͽΪһˣӦþͲ˼Լ⳥˰ɡѹʦȰѻԼȥ˲٣ԼǰͶôǮӦǿԵġ
Ѿʼĥڻʦĵˣ˾ô졣
ģҪʼˡӰ黯ҵ֮ϣҲŹһŸеѣһᾡʱġ
ºǳǳ˿Ŀɿڴ
Բۡ³ɵˣƯϳĳֱֺϢȻܹôǿģֱӺ˺϶Ϊһʲô̫ţˣҺСҪѧϰһ¡
СҲţʾԼѧ
ǳǳðǣǰ̫òˣôò
ιص㲻ɣ
ͬǳԨڲҶԽ֪֪׵²ۣԼǽ޳ĸ˵ǼʶˡҺĽ飬ԲһĽͽĹϵ
û˵ܹǿô
УǽԷӳҲᱻӦƣ֮ĲҲúСҺĽ飬ȫͲ塣
Ҫôʲôֱӱˡ
Ľ飬δţǵ괴ʦĹһҲûдﵽľ硣
˵νĽľô
Ҫôҵ츳Ѿ˿ֲĵزⲢǵ츳ܴﵽľ磬ѲһѧϰʲôĹô
һ֣ζˣǰ;
ʱΪʲôһ۸ڶŻҪΪˡ
ȻʧˣѾ׶ˡ
ңǿԷŹ֮ˡΪ׵ĺ齣ҵ˵
Ŷ
ȻǳŽġ
֮ǰڽһЩ˿й¶˳ҲԣķΪԼѾ˺ۼ鷢˾ǷˣܻһЩͣԭ޷
ô⼸˵Ҳͺˡ
ڵˡ
Ҳֻǣ˳ҵԼ
ǱߣҲڱı߰ɡ
˼ǣǲŹǰɡ񲢲ģڲٿСһɲôŷļһ赽ǰʲôɵĵġ
Ըһȫʬ
ǿллǡҲŬһȫʬġСһˡҳ׷ſԼʶȫԼԪӤ֮ϣķΧ
Щ˲齣ǿ
һƷ˵ƾƣԼҪǰôһٲҪȶȲ
ȻԼƽ°ɣһ߲ãÿǽСһɡ
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һ˰ν룬ΪԼѾʵ壬ȴֻһĨӰˡ
˶࣬Է١
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ѾǹϵĲࡣ
ǾĶ١
ǾʤսһЩ֮ࡣΪǵͣͬʱڷó齣Եڡ
ҵϣûаЦݣҲûа⣬ѾЩһ
ԣҡ
ںǴ˲ҵˣߵǸ顣
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ѰĻӳһǽ·ɢΡ
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ۡǺ˴Ѫе齣䣬һۼֿĽ齣סͬǸͲ⡣
ֻҪ齣þС
һҲ̫˧˰ɡҿֱҪСһ˧ǰûмù
ǰֶ֣òһС൭ĻشһǲͬĽУѧҿԽ㡣
ȣҲʱ䡣Ҳ÷ˡ
ʣ˻࿴һۣʶ˷Ŀ¡
ﻹ齣ڵĻҲּһϵġ
սˣ޷ᵽǰ֮˵Ŀµġ
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ΧȫǶԷĽȫɱ⡣
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ֽ飬ڳԨﵱؽڣĻˣΪʲôҪܵһССҺ޽Լ

Ҳ׷ЩʱǱҪԾȡ
Ԩڵ˺ܿҪҲ֮ǰõ֡㲻õ֣ҲҪɱңԷ̫Σգһɳͷ飬ǻ˵ã
ѾԼ뷨
һͬе齣
Ľסĸ򣬽Һͷ೹齣֮Сȵ齣ɢ޴ǿҲ޷Ľ
Ѫ˰СһеˣۡҪ֧ŷ⿴ͨĳ֣֪ҪķѶ
ĽУжǴС
ǿƽA
ΪĴ̫ˣֲȡ֣ҲʲôӰЧԲŻ˾ֶֻͨѡ
ȻװƣΪ
ĸоԼҪˡ
̫ˣٶȡ
ԺôһεĻԼĥˣȻԪӤڲģԼһ˻ȥҪɸ²С
ġƽĻش
Сһô˵ˣҲķ
Ȼ˿̵ĳµУȫôһˡ
Ľ̫ˡ
Ǹһξ룬Ҳܸо·ĵֲĽ𣬸оܹ綼ȥһ
Ҳֲ̫ˣ⵽ʲô
һֱԶҲֽӣЩڵǷˣҪһóôĽʳΪ˵ҲҪǻȥһС롣
ԭֻҪõԨڷܣֻǵҪ׶ѣҪΰ
뻢ıƤ뻢ıƤ
ɵҲ֪Ѿ޷ʰĵزˣʱ϶вٴܶĿͶڴˣʱܣֺʱܣ
뵽ԥĵͷߡ
ʳΪĻȻҪҲҪ
ѣ겻Ҫȥ
ɫ䣬תѾһʵʵҲӲ
ѹͽǱء˵΢΢̧ͷĳ˹ȥ
һֱؿ̽ĳϵϿϵ·
ԨƽεȻȻԵˣ


75 
óԨţץһССʳޣǲ̫СˣͼԼϵôûа취óһ
ˣѹƵɢҲδؽÿȻǴʿѾ⵽ɣǰ˥ѾûжˡεȻԺȰ˵ǲƽƢ̫ãҳԨôױ۸ģ
ô˵ԨҲǧպĵһڡ
ȻٵͳɼɵεȻǸºɣĿǰֻҪȻٵϽǳȥƴɱϧ̫ûзʲôèҪ۸ͷ
Դһν֮Ǿһֱ˶ء
ͨ籨ţҪ鵽ڵĽײ̫ѡ
ǺǣǳŽİɣװʲôأЦǸҵģųĶʲôͨ洫ӣ˵еĽܹĽǲǾϣ
εȻŹֵĿһѾħƵ̲ס̾һǱƭˣνĽֻһƭְˣǳԨڵȷǷܹ˷ɵĶ
û˱ʲôˡ
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ϵܵʲôȻа취֪ôҲǳԨڵӣôһˣΪǵĵӣܱȥųΪ˵ĺá
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Ҳ֮ˣΪԨƽ̣ʳΪ춯֣ûĵ
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ԨѾ˾֣Щ˶֡
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̫ˣȻǲʦֶͽܺܵĻİʮּΪԨڵӣΪĸŵĴܶ࣬ǼѹĴȴ١
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ʶ˵Ҳڲôۡ
֪ʦôЩѯʵܾˣ
Ϊʲô˶ʲô˶óԨµĽ޷ǷһʯǰǷʯǱ׷ծǸѹ˵ѹһĳλã˭˵ء
ѹֹܴ
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Ϊޣδģܴ֣¾ԺҲռٱˡ
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ͽܣƺкܶܰ
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ʱֻˣȴʹİѳʶⳤµٶҪѰһЩʿ˵Ӹ⣬ֲֿɱ¾ĥһֱĨ˲ӸʹһЩ
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һʱ䣬ҵ˼ʮָӡ
úõɱ¾⣬еɳѹһ䣬֣ƾճһˮɫĳϸֳһˮɫȹӵСЦЦ˽֮С
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⻰ҲʶΣգ״̬
ʾһ˲
Ҫ뿪֮ʱͻȻоŬеȫע뵽һͻص˹һ֮С
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ܿģ͸оҵʶڷɿʧ
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쵼ҪãҪҸɵ̫࣬ҿʱػµġ
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76 
ٶ۾ʱ򣬿ľϤ컨壬дҲˡ
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˵ҲǵˡҪһԼΪϣýԼéһꣿ
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ʶѡ˸Ӱȫ
ֻǵԼҵĽ顣Ƥ˵ˣҪȥϢˡ
Ҫ¶˵ΪĲǺó˵ѡ
ѹεȻҲûټ׷
ǿһϽһУͷʼˡ󣬾÷ǵҳΪϣùһע⵽ӦһСʱı̫ڲС
ôһǻеίˡ
ίίҵϣǿ̫ˡҪ˵˵ĵ߾һʧأ˵ԭҪϵģʱ;ǰһڣһѪҪ³˵ǻûôģɶˡ
Ҿ˵ĴȻΪԵʣ
ǲǻһˣ²ǳɵ۵һ˺òãһһ飿
ŵļһõľȻǴ˵｣彣
˰ɡ
ֲСÿһԼԽ鲻𾴵ʱԼԭھȵ
ȻСģ¸ж롣
ǹһҪǴȥˡ
㡭㡭εºܰŹһȻô͵òǷ޴תİɣ˵ǰʵڹģô̵ô¾ȫ޷⣬ҪǻԼҫ
ǺǣѵĴ˵ϵһֻ֩ͨ룿ɫĿ£ʲô˵ʲô˵Ӧ׵ġȻСҪһˡ
ҴҲ˵ġæסԼ졣
ǧڵĴĶңô䵽ĵزƽУҪɱˡ
ڿ˵Ǿٲά裬һСľͻΪʸ֮ġ
һͷ󰡡
ҪǱ֪һԼ»һ˹ʱ򣬾ԨڲǶв˻ᶢԼĹһ
СһѾԼԼˣѵԼܽøˣ
ޣ˭Ҳķ
ڵȷ־ˡҲһԸ͵˵ΪЩ˶̫ãŲռһӴôΪǵ̫࣬ٶԶԶĵٶȣǵһĽ͡ⶫûа취˵ʢ˥ŶӲĶˡ
ԣھͶ˳Ԩڣ
Ҳԣ˵ԨڵʢģԹȻֻгԨѵֶ
ˣϢ£ȥͺ˵ҪչأҾͲˣ⼸ԾԲҪˣҾڳԨڡڹϣҪԼŻƣѰ·
ҪڳԨһֱš
ȻҵѵһҪġŷ˵
ΪԼˣʲʲôԸô
ϲһӾϯ˷ࡣ
ԼǰҪʱ򣬶ûôĵġ
ԭĽˮƽһ㶼û½ԼܹһӲĵӳɹİġ
һԼڸж죬һתˣʶԼΣķòŬˡ
ôڷ˵һֵһشڵ㣡
ţÿʱʱĽɡһǲöԼ̫ݣÿҺúõϢɣһǶԼе̫ˣ˻
ʱ
Լеж̫ˡ
֪ôһӾͱˣȻǸңûб˶ᣬҲûϴĸ档
ˣܱûǿ


77 
Ÿ룬ԣլӵӣиá
ȣѡ
һ֪ǹһ֮󣬾ƤڳԨס˵Ҫȡһ¹һ֮һ佣˵Ĺʡ
Ǹεķߡ֪СһǷ࣬ἤιȥ޶ڣҵӾͲˡ
ΣкôѾѹĵմӣݾͱ·һСءδɶҲøɣӸˬûµʱ򣬱ʦЩ齣黹棬ӵұֲ˼
󣬾ͻϰϢӼֱ̫ˣСһΣƵҲƴǰǰˡ
еû¾ȥ³İԣȥһ½޵ġٲþȥɽץֻߣһߣ˼ùһʦ㡱
棬֪Ҳܹĺӣû³ŻʲôԼӹģ
ôչ˴꣬Ҷ⻹δģ֮ȴѾţǲܾܾ֡
ôҲû뵽˾Ȼǻϲڵˣһǻϲڵ
ҺҲ˻ϲڶʮʯѰúСһֳأһŲôСİɡ
ϲѾεȻѾкˣţεȻҲþܾӴѶ˵ϲȻûʽڽˣҲеϵϲţΪԨʾã׼Ͷˡ
˵˾ǽͷݡһںͳԨڵĽһͿأ̾˭УǾŵǸˡ
Ȼ˲ݣʹıҲ̾мӡϲȻʵǿǵĵӺ̫̫йϵˣƵϳ裬ǡÿԨ˼ʽƾ档ˣȨ֮£ǴӦ˽ˣȻԼԳԨΪ
ĵˣֻ档
Ҿúṫ˾֮ôֵ鶼û˿ˡ
ֻû뵽ϲڵȥ߼Ϊλ͵ҲȥݼǸ
ҿɲʲô۽½ǵˡ
Щʺǵ˵ϲѾûм˼ǵãԼҲ⣬λҲֻẰһߡˡȻû˺Ҳˡ
ҿһִ֮Ӣһ߸ֲ̾˱Ļϲڵһ̲סŮͨԵֿϸϸȥôķСһ
Ŷѵϲڵֳô
̲סͷ˵ҿ˼Ƿ֣ûǲǺҲеݹϵ~
ûСһ˵ּ֪˼ҺÿˣϲŶһԼΪԽֵòʮ֣Լһ֮ǣǧ֮飬žŹһóɴﵱþֹ޵ıһǶĹȻ෴ܽһʮֵòֻķ֣£òƽƽҺ޼Ϊǧ֮ͬ˼˹ˣԶ߿Լģ˭˭⣬ôıʲôӣұ仯ĲòԱҲ䡣˼ߣöԷһƯëʲôġ
˵ȢˣԶҲõԼԼϲ˭ʱԼĵ¾ͻԶ˭ӣˣֱǴȻ޳Ѵ߰
ֹʵڿ£
صؼô
Ҳʾ⣬ϸҵĻǵ˵ͷɡЩļᶨΪ߹ʹߵˣЧޡ
Ļϲʲôӣ
òƽƽ
ŶǱ˵Լǿ¡
ҿǸƯĳûͦС㡣һŮӱ˸ࡣЦֹǿ¡
Ǹͬԣζֻǵûа
ҾöԷһ㡭
ȡ
໹Ƕе˵ġ
Сѣģһϲڵ˼תڣǴ޽ڴˣҲ˵ʲôϲ¶һƵЦ룬ղӦúͷǰҵˡ
ҵʲôࣿҲ˵ʲô
ҲĴӹһƮĿǰ֮ˡ
֪ݵĿǰ֮⣬ֻǰϲһڵơ֪ģǱź̬ǰ˵µģɲ
Ҫ۶Է˽⣬ǳԨҲȡϲڰ֣ʾҲôţǰĴû뵽Ȼʽɲ꣬Ҿ֪ѡԨȷľ
Է֪˷ݣֱ͸ϳ˷ࡣ
Ѱ˼⻻һҪճˡ
˺ûһ֤߲ϸ񰡡
֮ǰѡϣѾϳҡһֱȵڲŹѾ֮µľġ·ʽȷǻϲڵϰߡƽĻش㵹ǽϲڵּ᳹ĺܳס
տʼֻһְնѣȷƣοʱôꣿģνĽ֮¡Լһ֮飬롣ϲҲ̹ϣֱԲһϲڵħŮҦ֮ӣ⻰˵ȥûţΪһϲǻˡ֮ʱϲڲǰΣϲҲ๡ֻǵһֱΪˣʶഫֻлϲһ˵֪ҲΪΪ֮٣ȼ֮
Ļϲʮּ򵥡
Ҧȴ˷ࡣת޽ȴûм̳ĸĸԣΪԼҵͽܷ·½磬ʵ޴֮ȷȷʵʵĽˣû˻᲻Ľ֮ʦͽꡣ
ǷͽܴΪľʹһĻϲҲ÷ôȥ
ʬǻΪɢķϲҲһֱ׷䡣
Ҫͷǰ̸һסϲżɽҲټαףҿԻϲ֮ģ֮йһжֹֻҦһм¼ӻϲĨȥ

ⲻǿװǣ
ϲڵ̴Ҳʵһˣžǵ֪ҦĶӣȴһֱ̲ΣѵʱҲæ־÷಻ôȥɴͽ´ഫҪʲôʱٸ˾ͺ̸һʽף˵ȻϲΣ֮С
ȻôûеӷܻĲɣĶġ
ƺҲɳڷ̵ʲô¼¼ģóҿҲû˻ŵġǣܲܳеԨڵŭ𻹲һء
ϲһ·ʵڹڷƮҡҪ棬ȻҪܶ಻Ҫĵ¡ϲҵķ̰ҲϣȻĨȥ¼ֻҵһ⡣Ҳ֪ʽײ㣬ҵõһڽϢͿǽ

ڳȥںεȻһ֮⣬ƺֻʣһˡ
ƺСһС
תͷ࣬ȻҲ仯
ӣûСһ
ΪӣҲûкҪϲִ˸ƣ˵ʼǷǻϲһѾҵ䣬Խҵ
䣬֪鲢ࡣ
׼أһϲ壬ˬŮޣò٣ȴӲԹ԰䲻ƺ뿪Ԩڳȥ֮һȥˡ
ԭǻϲڵĵô
ԣǻϲڵĵӣôòªأ
ҵɻ̫ԣϲ飬Ҳֻǻϲˡ¹ŮǰδҲԵɡ
ǰˡüδֻС֮ĶȾ֮Ϊ޸ԼòΪŹȥѡ
ٻȥ˵Լͽܵ飬ҲٻԼǰ͸ĸѵദһ
Щ䣬ʺϱԼһ˵Ʒζġ
֪һֱҽⶫǻϲãڿȴޱȣƺżȫĻܻȡΪáϲ˵ɵЦ˳ʮֶˣһЩˡκһͳɶܳþáһϲҲ۷ȴѾҪ䵽ˡõķǶԹ޷赲
㵹ǿͨ͸˵ɣҪʲôףȻ˳
Ҫ֪ҦؾΪΡϲɫ츳ҲܸоǷΪɢɾõĽ֣Ҿʼջһ֮ңһҲȥһǻϲ˷ڶϣǻϲҪ޳һƷ֮ˡ
ͬΪϲڵӣӲͱŸ˶˵ԽҦ飬Ϊϲڸ˵ϣǰڣŵĴ֮£Ҳĵȷȷ߹˸ѵ·ɵһȴ޷ǰϲǧ꣬ÿʱÿ̶ΪŸ˶ŬһûеӷҪ㣬Ҫڲ֮ͬǰȨ⣬ѣ
ҴԼܶ
˵ӷǺһɵҵ׼Ļôϲھ͵ڹ˾еÿһ궼ڿ״̬ۿžҪˣȻʲôʹĳ
Ĳûʲôһġ
һʱʧˡʧ֮ǰΪңȵʱһ㣬ֱָҲûκ谭˶˵ɲĳ˶Ҫ֪ǲģˣʵ벻ͨҦôԸºӣŮӱضΪ󽵣ҦΪڷ
ҵĸֻһ˰ˡƵĻشһûκûκرͨˣֻһũԻֻֻһоС
ܡϲն׷ҦӽӺ֮࣬ôᡭ
ġ˶ԷĻûʶνǧ磬ҪĸЩʿ壬Ϊͨƽˡ
壬Ϊ֮סʿȻΪԼȥ塢ħ塣ȴûķ˿ʿЩħûκħ度ˣʿͬˡ˹ħ͹Щʿƺκ𣬶ǿ־ΡʿӲпʼѾԼҲֻһͨ˵ݣʳȣմ飬ΪͿ已̥ʿԼԼһˣôΪ֮һ
Ҿȵתͷࡣ
úõĽʦүͻȻôôˣ
ŽⰡ
޲׼˼絮ˡ
Ҫ͵һˡ޵ģȻҪķͷԼΪʿһУѧȥһͨķˡǵļᶨһȻҲ̤ȥˡྲĿŻϲ˵о仰еֺĸҲҳֻһͨĵһΪħŮҸףֻһ洦ɼķˡǿʢˡҿֻ֮ܿܿУƫ֮һˡ


78 
ڤڤ֮Уϲһʲô
ǴһҲԽȥֻֽҪͱƣܽ뵽һ֮С
Ļܼ򵥣Ҳֱס
ʱҪôۣҲҪôĳ򣬾ֻôඥһ㣬ֱӽϲħơ
ԭȻ˼ô
ΪΪԼǷˣҲٽӰ˷ָҡ
ʿ߸Ϲˣ֪ԼҪѧȥһˣβһˣʲôزһˣ
ΪʲôҦܳɹˡ
ǶԭҪһ㲢޵ʲôԼҪѡһʲôĵΪһʲôˡ
ҲãҲá
˵ܿܿ
ϲһ֮ľ統УϵķɣƺȫѾ˳ϸڡ
ǶˣЩ棬ܸоϲƺĳֱ仯˵ʲôĶ
ǡͷޱֻҪָһȻеĵ
ڼ˶򣬿԰Ƿһ顣ҵȻ֪һʿ˵ǶصĶ顣ʿһӶ벻һһֱ޷ͻơܹͻƵˣȻͻǷһ˵Ǿ֮ҲΪˡ
ֻ˷뼺ѣǰҲôʹң˵ˣϧÿһ˶ܶҲÿһ˶˵Ļ࿴Żϲ̲ס̾ҵĻȻ򡣡
Ҳ⡣ͺñϰߵˣȥһֻϣһֻӣҿ϶ҲΪڿЦ΢Ц˵ôһҾͲõϲ㲻ˡǶֺ㣬ѹ޷˵Ӧͷȴˡ
ףͷ͵
ȻѾ˻ϲôһݴԵôɴͰʱپһЩͺá
ΪģҲͷ˹顣
ǻϲڵô
š˵ܶɣȥյӡһΪ˵ĲǳһЩ͵Ķͻ࣬Ȼ޷ר־ҲΪǧҪŵ̫࣬Ͳȱ˵ӡϲڣȥյӵġȻҲΪǵĹҪͲͬ˴򽻵Է˻ЩҵĺӸʺϡ
ŶŶǻϲҲһЩնϳԵ֮ô翴һСӣɱȫ֮ģҺǰС˵ﻹв趨ġ
ȻᡣĿһۣΪʲôҪɱǣֻҪӲУʮһζȻϲɱ˺ӵĸĸһԺ֪࣬˳ɶᱳţΪ
ҲԡЦЦħҲô
Ҳ١˼һ˵ǲɱӵĸĸӵĸĸܶܶǮۿԼĸĸΪһЩǮƽӴ˳׾˼ĸԽãͻԽǵΪ
ʿ˵ƽûĶͨʯӣһѾˡ
˵ҲǱô˸õ֪ʶʵ
ǡһ£Ӧô˵ңСò˲츳СģȻòȴܰԼˡ
ŮòԸָĻ»Ĳô˳˵
ΪСòʮʱͼ޸һʮҡʮʱɷȥֱļǿȡᡣʮʱ򣬼ֽ͸һѾ졣ºƽѳɹȴΪҪЩûǱʱĻʵ͵͵ͽۣһʱ佫ӽС
һʱ˵
õһŮӣڱ˲ϵתˣȴ޷Լ˵ʹࡣ
ľκŮϿ¶Խܡ
ô˵֤һ־ᶨҲһᱻ˵ĻӰˡ
ڱͽ۵ĵһ죬ҵ˻ܡ֪ԼҪȥǵԼСʱ򿴹һ飬ҪȥѰɡȻ˵ǸʱңѶΪβȥȫڣҲ·ֻܻҪɵԸһˣҲ˶֪ĵطҲˡൽڶǵãʱ赭д˵ȥ֮ʱ޵ϡﻩģһأúǳɹĹ˺üгкȵ
ĹϵҲõġ
ΪӶٶе㰮ӣֻ޹˼ɵΪʹްɡ
ǡǸʱ·ϲڣϲڵ˾¡һе׷ܣ׷һһҹΪĸСŷԭһˡ˵ҲҪڵķɣҪýȥм
ϲڵҲܴӦĺǿ϶Źɡ
Ǵ򲻹ҡ൭Ļش
ŶƾӲġ
ô£
Լѫ¡г֮ѹΪĿȥ˺ɱǸʱٵģʵҪκúܼ򵥡Լܾˣ˵Լõġ
ΪޣһӽɱЩ˺ķˣѡ÷˵ķʽȥ˽һС
Ҳķ䳹ȥˡ
ȡ֮Ľ䡣
Ҹ̾ѣҲˣôõͽܣٷңҴŭ䲻ˡ
Ŭô
ܣѾŬˡĿŷ˵ʵǸҲرɵˣûа취ΪˡҺǣ˵ˣӵ츳ˣ໹Ϊҵ겻ˣҲһָɡҾһͨͨϰ壬һͨˣûľĺվڷϵһֻжҾܷɵߵĵط
ôһ룬Խеôġ
ΪҴԽΪ츳ĽָŷͽǾԼһҲֻĴڡ
㲻Цãֻһͨ˵ĻĵĲôᶨġͨˣôڵҲһǸ൱磬ͳͨˡͨķˣһӶδдóԼ֡
ҲǡҺ޹˼ɵĽ˷˵˵ͽǵɣҾǵĹ±Ȥ
ƽƽ㶼֪ˣҲˡһһͽܺͽܣͽ֮˳ԨڵĵڶţǰʵƤģ۸˵ռأͽܺͽܶǱ׽Ū˺һųʦʦõġ
ô֣
С˶ĸһʱܣֻǸֻȷǿһ㣬ĸĸΪܣüζҪɱǴһģܵĻ߶ĳ谮뵽ЦЦΪ۸һ͵͵۸üĿĵ˻Ǯġ
ӡ˵һͽһֱҪ
ţʿһٸоʮýģõء൭ЦƤģ˫ۣѹΪõĽݺݵһٶ٣ᵽû뵽󷴶̳˳ԨڣҲһһģȴһֱ˳Ԩڡ
֮Լġ
Ҫշ磬Ѿ˵Լշˣ͸ơ
Ҳ̫⣬ôһֱԸˣ羭Կʲôģʮɡ
ǻһͽأֻһ
հԥһ̫˵ʵͽ˾
ţ
ģһѵĺӣʱй¸ҵġʼűȽľԼ뷨ˡȽ⣬ɷǵɡҷ˲ٹ˳Ϊɮͷﻹһ̳ءһֱΪһȥ̳мҵһֱûߡҼǵ֮ǰһ˵Ҫؼң˵ٿԼ׽ˡ
ⲻǺܺöôʧЦ־Ӳİһ߾ԼܲͽһȻ׽㣬һֲ뿪ǣȴֵԼӰ쵽ǣƲֵӡ
һԼ̳СĬһ˵ȴԸǹҲȥ̳мҵ
⡭
ȷְ
Һͷһͬ˼
ǰﶼһˣΪʲôԸȥ̳мҵأʵڲУ̳мҵͬһĲô
еְɡ
أǸʲôӵģʵ֪Ա硣Ҳųǧ磬ĿǶ˭Ҳ֪ô֪֮µ磬ȻȻġ
ҾһСѧϰͰ࣬жʱڣΪԼԸı磬ѧԼƽӹӶݴְһͨˡ˵ûô׳кܶܶʩʷҲܶࡣΪǶʱ̣ԲŻᷢչָĹ°ɡ
ҲһǸܺõˡ
ʵҵͷͣϧ׷ĺüûд֣ҲˣǰӦҹ۵أϣҪôµĹۣҲҪΪһɡ
˵˵ЦЦģӵǺ״򷢡
˴ԼңϲӶľˡ
лǰָ㡣ϲʵĸл
ϵϢ֮ǰʱҪһЩɶ˿̣ԭüĿ֮Ľ֮ɫҲ˺ܶࡣȻѾԼҪߵ·ȻͲΪˡ
ĻԵҲԼ໻ºʱЦĶҺͻϲ֮䱾Ҳһǵġ㵽ʲôģֱ˵ˡ
ȿȣʵԭ뷨ǣķʧܶ䣬ϣǰܻ̳лϲڵġϲȥ۾ּæҲԨ϶ǲֱ¶ġ飬˵ϵƣǵȾءδָʵǻϲǱزŲ˻ɵͷϡ
֪ͦࡣ´λϲ
ݱ»֮ʱ˽ⲻڵεȻҲû˽ǰ֮ô
ɾӶѡϲЦ飬һֱܡǻϲóľʶʱ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ԣؿƿһֱ֪
ЩĿࡣ
ϵˣ
Сһôôֲȫûб뷨ͽǺôãҲֻȥİ취ЩˡԭΪǶ֪ĵ˸ˡ
ڷ֮ǲŷֱûȫڳԨڡ
ҲΪ˽͵˵ľİɡ
ôһ˵ͨˡ
ǰ걻Ϊ֮ӡ˶֪ǰضͬǷ֮ҲȫһġǰΪɱ¾ϰߣҲӽ洫еˡˣʱ򶼻ԷǰʾãΪһضᱻΪӡ
ҪΪӵ˺֮ࡣ
ܹɵģһ֮ӣ
еѾǴ޽ɣеѾһۣ˭ҲԸ⿴һոշСһԾ̳Ľͳأ
ϵˣǲĶ½ʿֵġ
ԣƣ½ʿŷ֮ʱΧĲҰ
ҪıˣʿҪı᳤Ԩڵˡ
һļϲô
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽۲䣬˶Ҫ֮λ½磬ЩŶȫɱ
ôһ˼ᶨɵľġ
ˣһЩ¶ѣᡣֹ˻ϲ˵׹齻ףӦҪ֪Ľˡ
Ȼе㲻ֶϸҲԷ뷨
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79 
˵Ҫֻϲ뷲תʵеѶȡ
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ȥҲáʿ˷䣬ûжȡΪҲܵѹơͬģڵҪҵҲһѶȡεȻԴʮֿÿϣڷʮѾԳɾͻŻָء
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ˣһȥɲǴˡ
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Ž㣬ķǰʱƬ˺ö࣬Ҫ˵˱˿Ǻá

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׼ҵģòŸҷҳӣһˣǻܳɣ
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80 
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ˣһ书ıҲ򵥣ǸˡٸͽĹϵȽ΢һ㶼Ǿˮˮġײ˹ٸٸҲܲܡ
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ֻҾû˵Ҿȵʲôطȥ˵ˣöలȫĳܲɱþΪ˶ԸɡҲѪô˵ҲʿĶҪһǧѾܱˡֱ׳ĻشѲһؼңȻҴùƽ޹ʾȸİ˻ؼʲôֲСèСġ
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ܴ򵽿ԵһıƵĻҪҲУûֵǹԹԿֵɡ
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ҵǽԺú÷Լӽ쿪ʼѧŵһˣúøһεĸоϵĽ׻˵˼ҹΣ˵ǰǵء
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֪ǲΪҵĿԵʣڵڶҹʱŷԼе֮£˯˹ȥ

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ΨһĽѾԽβ˫ˣһˣϲһһĵߡ
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82 
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ҵɫˣСһôܹôңҲˡ
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Ҹʹ˸ɫЩǹðɡ
Ը˵ģҲԸˡ
ûܹԿү裬֡
ֻεĿң֮ǰɲô˵ģ֮ǰ˵ҪƱ·һصʰЩǾһྐྵ֮̾ͻһ˼·
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ĸס޵ĵطȻͷĵ˵ԺԺӻţԺúõļһ
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ĵ˴˿ﻹʲôɷǵģ෴ѾЩܻˣǵҲʮֵĲѺá
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ʿǽ϶ĸ֣ĪǾǴ˵нһˣǿԷͣƺֲ̫ӡ
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Ͷָɻ̬ȲˣҪͶǳģͲֹԷɻˡ񣬻̯ô鷳ȻҪԼȥ
ǲԸ⣬ȥĵ۸߾Ͱɡ˦ôһ仰ԥľ뿪
ǿҵƣҲŹһ뿪һɵĿ佱˼䣬ҪŶԡ̫оˡ

ΪĴ쵼Ѿ񣬾ݲƴˡ
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䣬ϸ
ȥôһͺöԸֺˬĵ۹ҿǷĵվԭغݺݵĵԼһ
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ĵ˹˺һƽ飬תͷҵһĿˣֻŬһЦҪչǸ˵ǰɣԣҪҼء
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ֻʵʵ˵ǸǩľôдġüǲҪǸûκкֱӽҵԺ䣬ҿԱץġ
Ǻǣʦɱװǩģ붼ǶֽŵġĳǩҲûн˵ôġ˵Ҫôҷʵˣʵ޷һúõĵõ˶˵ҪӣԵ޵Ļ˼˵Һ綼ô
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ĵƺҲЩãҪ˵ʲôȴʲôҲ˵
һԵİ÷÷ȴͷҿ
ƶƶǸʱҲһʱƶǩô꣬ûмǩģҲûм֡ĵЩ֪ķԼ֮ǰĻһδŮ˵ǶĴ
ԣʦ÷ָ¾ôȥˡҿƴ󷽵˵Ҳʲôϲܵ˼ңֻҪ÷һã̾뿪Σ
˵ˣĵ˻˵ʲôأֻܴӦˡ
ӳһ÷һ˵ĵ˲ѣһǸҺͷԷޣ̾ĻԼķȥˡ
ӣƺЩء
÷Ҳŵ˲ѵϢˣ˵ˣδǺϲҪ˵ĻֻŬˡ
һԵġ
ɩɩ˵ˣʵڲУʵڲҲ췹
ȻȻߣɩɩҲ˵ˣûڣֻδһˣܱڴʶôҪǿ
˲ѱڴϣ֪Ϊθоһɳ׵ĺ䡣
Ժ˯ȥԾ
ҲǸʱԼӦǸʵŮ
ӣƺǰ÷ĳСҲֻαװģǻҪú̽һ̽ಢżǼȻѾס˽Ȼа취Ժú̽һĵ˵ǳ
˳Ǹʿڴϣ˵֪ǵ⣬ֲȷǵݣ԰ư͵ĴӦѡ
ǵĻ֮УȻûô򵥡ǲ֪ĵǸʲôͬʿôľΪ˽ģ˵ǵİ÷ĳУ
֮ܶǶСĽ
֪ģ಻ɺҼƺر𡣡
Ѿϸˣĵ˿ûʲôΪȻҲǶԷа취ϢϾΪҲڣܹ̽鵽Ķʮޡ
Ǻǣ㲻˰СһһӴϷһܹרųһʮϰˣضǸְˡû㹻ƤԣǾµġĵʿǳ͢ϵж뺵ĵʿҪҪĿԵģÿ춼Ҫ㿴ǻÿεôҶڿģǰһĸʱûи
ΪԼֻ˶ѡ
ĵˣͷβɢһֿҪݵĲǵɶҲɵеϢ
ұܵľҪúѧϰһ¶Էķ緶
أ໹ǲ⡣
һóľӦǹˡ㼼죬ǰ˾Щǰ˵һǶ˼˵ûа취һ涼Ҫġ㿴ղţĵͷϣȻװģöû˵ڣһװġն˵
һ֣Ƕͷ˾Ҳǿƹġ
ҿڶ³εȻҪΪͽ֮ʱҵھܾĵ˼Ȼͬˣô˵ô԰ķɹͷأ
ԲһϸĴӦġ
ΪҲʲôýڡ˵
ҲоˣԷʵҲûʲô֮
ҹô˵ˣЩѾ˵ԷҪҲİɡ
ȻҲ۸ʵ֮ɣ÷֮¹شͻȻðĵ˲Ѻĵ˶֮ıò
ү⽵ĽҲδ֪ء
ôûнڣҵܸ˾񣬵ŷҺڱʱʵҲˣҪƣǻᵢ顣
һ㶣ڵȷԡ
ʵƲˣҲԺ͹ҪһСʿѧϰЭ˵ԼҪ˲Ҫѧϰġʱе鶼ƸСʿɣԼȻܽˡνСʿǾ͸ôˣҪԵ࣬²С˵ֻҪܹɣ쵼㵽ʲô취ɵġֻҪܳö죬еöˣѹɾͿˡ
ҲãҲãǱһϵѡ
һЩְ͵ȼܹǲġ
ࣺ
ʵеˡ


83 
ǣǵʲôˣȿȡ˲Ѳ׺Ȱ÷͹ҩһֱҪĴɩ÷ûа취ֻýҺͷະ˹
ãȥ˼̵Ҽ۵ʳøղſڽ÷˳ȥ÷ͷӦһɵľͳȥˡ
ȻģҲͲװˡŷһͬ£Ƿֱ࣬ӽԼϵɱ˳¶ȶڼ½һĺ䡣
˲Ѿŵݶڴȫû뵽ССӦ֮УȻԻ
Ǹĵʿ¾ͽˣһͺܺ۸ͨȻҲǿɱ
˲ѲԼǽ˳̵Ĵ书ôôֻǱ͵ˣ
Ƿ꣬ҲϲɱЩҲǲܱܿġװģһƺ쳾ģ˵ʲôҲֻ֪һͨˣϣҲҪǰй¶ǵݣȻ
ԱʮϵĵһӣָȴûбκƬˡ
˲ԤԷѾ֮Ĺˡ
ۡ
๫ɱ̫أҪһ˲ȻҪѵ㹦ⲻӦ֪ġҪƽƽ뿪ʵʵĵĲ˺ú˾Уô¶һƵ΢Ц
˲ѵͷ絷⡣
ˡ΢ЦõС۸ߺˣ׵ġ
Ҵ۸޸֮ġ˲æġ
Һͷ˵ͷ
ǡǰ÷ŵһڵĳˡ
ڵ˲ô룬ء
˵˲ߣʣµľĵߵˡ
ⲻãһûҸ
ԭĵ˲ڹĵʿҿģҲǰɲŹٷĶ뺣һʼҲôһĵʿĵ˸ʱ򣬹رϳڣͷרΪǩ
һȥģĵ˺ܿʹ
ȻĵĽĵĶʽڹۣŵְλ֮ľͱˡ
һʼ˵һֻ굥ֵ࣬ѾԾΪ˽ǩܿ;ͻᷳЩʱգҲü
룬ͬˡ
սǩЧҲĺܲյʱǱֵǩ˫յʱʿһͬǩͶһ£۵ҲȶȻڵҪ÷Ҫꡣ
˵սǩ̫ˣĳһΡ
ִӦ
ȵѾֻгһʮǩˣʱĵѾȥˣҪ߶ˡĵʱҲͦãȻһֵֻ࣬Ѿȵʿµ棬ڱϲġҪ᲻ҪɣʵӦ
ĵʿÿ춼ŬӴͣ⣬ƫƫʿÿıһ¾͸죬ĸܵ
ڹ۹ĵ˵Ľ棬ڹ۹ʧܶĻ
̫ᣬǰûˡ
棬ҪҲôöԸͺˡ
ƫƫεȻǸرϸ쵼ûģԶԸǿԴһٷֵġڹ۹һǸմӴת쵼̬ûļһɲһ
ģ͵쵼
ҪӣͼԦ¡
쵼δҪôϤҵδҪôһҪڶԼ¡
һԱ֮ǲܵˡ
ĵȷһޣҪһ㡣ҲǸпмӣ͵ˣȻУҺַϵĻǲడ
ȥӽԡ°ͣȻӽǣҲġȻˣԱ߶ţͻȻҳ֡һǿɲ䡣
šҲ²еҪҺĵĽֻʲôģȫ̤
ܸо˼
Сһе˷ܡھ÷Ļ޵ȸԾЩӦ
ȣôûаɣˡϵ
ҿ˿û˵ʲô
ҲԼˡ
Խ磬;ͬеսʽչˡ
ޣ⻭粻ԡ
ҸϽԼĹɾ˰ٵȥӽԷϢɲΪҪȥʶͬˡ
Բǡ
ôţҾͰ·ĵ˵һϴһ߿ޣһ߻ҪԼá
ϴ·ĴľһһţʱʱŮáģʵΡ
һĵ˾ֱŭĳˡ
ôϴ·ĵûô¹ڣƽʱӵԵࡣ
Ƕȿĵ˵ķʲôӵģڰ۲ķǿ
ྪˡ
ĵˣĪʲôħޣֻʲô֮ޣ
ΪķңһۣͿĴ϶˸·鼮ֻһǿܹһ˯еϡϡϡȫҶҷţȫһ
˵ķ䣬ʵ޷֮ǰģϵһ
ȽϿͷҲ̧˵
ǵطͲȥĵطϴ·ĵ˲õ˵
Уҷ˵Ҳܳȥͷ¶档۾˺죬ЩĿĵˣλʦ֪ҡֻҿ϶ҪҷĻģҪϴЩ·϶Ҫġ
ĵ˿˿ѵñ˶Ҫߵ·̲ס˵һϴܽЩ·ȫϴꡣ
ϴҲҪϴġ̾˿ϴ꣬Ҿûзԡ
˵ѡҼضǹ֮ˣôܻһϴô·ԣĵԭҪһϷûסֱӴ
ԭҪ׽ġҲװˣֱӽ·ҶװģôˣҲҪӣȵϴ·ٳοң˽ҵѴΪǽѣһȥҲϤˡ
ԭôģ
һԵķవ
ѧˣֽӽ˵·
·Ҷ֪ͲˡĵҲǾˣֱʾ£û´ĻҲʿɡ
Ҳ֣õľʮˡ
ڰϣ΢΢üҲǡ
ֻһͨʿ˼һѡĵװģ˵ǰЩڸ÷֮ʱҲһ˷ͬСɡǩģɻʵҲܵİ÷ǳҶʶҲŻ¶ҪһǷ̲סԸҡ
û뵽ǣûе÷һʿ˲ѡ
Ǹ÷ƺıһˣߵɩʿ
֮˵ΪĵҲȷ
Ϸʿ˼ҪעԼһһ׵й¶ʿ顣˼䣬ʵѾˡ
ھֻһ˶ѣô̽ҲõġҲĵ˵˼ǵĵҲ࣬ԭΪҲǰ÷ĵˣ谭еġҲǰѾǾɺˡ
ˣУĵ˳˼һ˵Īߵǻ֮·Ȼʿôϵİ취ĥģֵ𾴡
ҲԸ˵Ͼǰ÷˽£¹شɲ˵ڡ
Ȼ²谭÷еģǻȥ½һΪǩƲ֣ҵ֮·ʹ衣̾˿ֻҪûˣҲٷ㣬Ǿˮˮ
ߵǻ֮·ĻҵĳֻҲֻһѡĵָָ죬ƺԻһ֪ӣǲеĹϰɡ
ұ˵ʹûлش
ͷ˶ֻ֪зʽѣ֪İڡ
֮·ֻΪ˽һֻ˼򵥣ֻҪǰ׼˻֣ôɹĿԾͷǳˣô伣ҲûʿԸ·أĵ˺ĵĽ͵·ɰ㶼֮·򵥰
ŶʵĽĻ
֮·Ǿһ֮ɿƺ쳾֮ᶨ֮ġƩʿΪ˲Կ࣬ԼΪһ޸֮ӣ޳УƼȱں쳾֮иһѾ١˵Ǽᶨˣͼ㻯ĺѶһٸ˳ȥȻΪͨķ˶ˡҲʿΪĥԼԼΪһ޿һеĽͷһӶΪۣ涼޷㣬ôȥʵأͼͶȡɵʿ⻯֮·ϡ·ϣҲ֪ٷһʱĴܡϰ˸߸ϣܹΪ飿
ʿڳΪ֮󣬻µؿ飬ϵĥġͬģҲһЩԵЩʿѡ˭Ҳ֪ЩԵʲôܹץסԵ˾ܷɣҲηκ٣ֱӿԽΪΣһĵ˵ֵֻ࣬ǳɹӣһֻ־ʧܵˣѾû˼ǵˡ
Һͷ඼ͷƤһԭֻҪΪ˶ȹһӾͿԵģǰ÷߾Ҫβܳɹ
֮·ɹһ˽ɶһ֮·ֱ٣ܱΪɢɣʧҲпסһȡĻᡣһʧܣת޶һȥ޻ص·Ͷ·ǲѡķӵġĵ̾
ҲЩĬ
Ϊûȥ˽ĸҦ顣
֮ĸӹϵĺǳҦ鲻˵ԼĹȥҲһҪȥޡȵҦһϣҲԼôһĸס
룬Ҧô
ѾܲͷЩ֮ǵ׷ֻ׷ҲвˣҲͼñֶοˡͶ·ҲƸۣԲŻѡ񻯷֮·ΪԼȡһ
˽ôĪҲҪģԣм䣬ӦòǡҲ˼ֺ֮ģ쳾ܹҲԵ֡ȻѾ˵ô˵һˡ
ĵ˸ֶ˵̤һ
ǺǣҪ֣
ᣬ֣ʾ

ĵ΢΢Щȣԭڱ̾ͷȴ̲ס̾һӦλĽ޴ܰɡ㱻סҲסһ⡣
Ҳˣǰ÷оɣϣǳ滤ҲҰٵ˵һ÷Ǿ̲ס̽ɹ²ʲô飬Ҫɱڰɡ
ĵ˵ɫЩ΢ĬѾǴ𰸡
֮ǰ˵ô಻Ϊ˽ҵľĳûֶѣĳȴѡ
⡭򲻹
㶼Ѿ˵ô̹࣬׵ĺáҺͷվһĴȻǶĲ˵ҪڵžˣҲ֪Ҫȥңҵһֻùĵطء
ڹ۹ֺöԸ쵼ɲ
⻰һĵ̶Լ̬ȡ
ܿɲ򣬵ȴܶ
ڵţڲǳءǻңɷܹһģΪҶйͬĵˡƽżħҲֻСС֡ΪȨԴ伫ҼȲУֻ취뿪
ĵͷ˾ϵصĻһͨԱ˵ĺ鷳Ϊ㲻֪Լòվӣվܱ֤֮ܲԼվǶԵġ
֮еһλϣҲɽʧܱΪɢɣþַҲûа취ȹɢ٣ֻ뷽跨ñķҾҪΪѰһ֮·Եĵ֮һĵ˵̲סЦҳΪΪѰһ֮·ĵ֮һҵһӾͺùˡ
˶䡣
Լ˶ԷΪͬڡ
Ϊ鷲ȥһ˼˳ҷ֣ԽŬĸɻҵĻԽ࣬ҵǮȱ١෴Щ͵ˣģǮҸߣûôࡣĵϸֳһɵ֮ɫԣҵʱͽԼǮ͸һĳΪʦɹѧϰ˸͵
Ҳ֪ԭȻݣΪܹʡʱչֳǻۣʿԶԶûа취ġĵ˸пѣǰʵ˷̫ʱ䡣ڷѧЩ˶Ը֮ϡҲõ˳ϸҵʹͣޱȡڷûа취УԳϸ˼ƷʯڷܻΣգԳҼƷΨһҪģ˼ҸģĹںͳϻ㱨ҵ˵Ľȶѡ
ĵЦеĿһۣʵڱǸ֮ǰΪ֮ͬˣҪɵġ
ͬţΣ಻ѯʵ
ĵ΢Ц۾Ȼ취Ҳ˿ˡ


84 
ûҪ׼ҪóȻְ÷飬ñǣ֪ûе֮ĵ˻ĵȰ˼䣬ҲĬĬĹ۲ϻõĻ飬㹻ɾɾȥӦţܹϼʮĿˡ
˶һۣûеĵ˵ٶ˵ʲôҪ˵ʲôҲǻȥ
ĵҲ⣬Ǳϴ·ˣʲôٻͨްɡ
һȥʱ˳㽫һͰ·Ҳ˻ȥ
ܹڶʱѼô·Ҫѯʵʱͼҽһ·ַŻЩ·ֽ·ˡ
һһǮһǵ·ѡ
ȣ˵Ǽ٣ѯʵ
дģڼٵĲ֣ҺҲ죬޴ӷֱ档Цſ˿࣬СһеôҲҪѧô
Ҿÿѧһ¡ɷнµĵͷѧᣬԺƵ˺£Ҿ֪ôӦˡҾں͵ӻµĽ֮ʧܣĻǸɡ
ŶСһʤʱð˳
㻹ȱѧ˰ɡ̾ĵ˱ǰ˵ǵĵҲȷ˵ȥܲδ֪˼ôô򵥾һʿҲЩ͡һһǲȵȵȿǲûжã£ȴǺõġ
š
ˣҾûµʱȥһµʿͣúôһΪ˾ܾٶ԰÷Ӱ죬ǻӵһĹȥץôˡ
ţһһ¿Ծ͸ĵۣɵĹĺӣ˵ƯСʿϴϴ۾Ļֱ׵ĽСžŸ˵˳
ҿʼЩ죬漴һԷСһ̾־νˡ
ʲô֮ʶԷû
ԼҲˡ
ûҾôġ˵ҵǳ˵ʿʱʲôĶԵӦѵ㲻ô
Ķֻˡ֡
ҪԼҲúúˡ
ӣܸоȤ
ܿ˾УǾͿʿ
ԣҺɩɩŬŬʿˡ˶Ű÷˵ģҪѧԼɩȻܰһʱﲻһף
÷ҭ˼䣬ͷʾԼס
ڴԼһֱɩδ޵ĴŮѾˡ˵ԼŮһ鿪ʣòҲɩɫʮͨ
ȥɣЩҺɩɩڵ۵ĻѧϰһЩ֪ʶģ˵ûʲôҪ£ǡ
磬硣÷⻰ǸǸ˴˵˺ܾãҪȥתת
಻࿴˰÷ۡ
˵˰ɣ
һһŮΪչ˺ͱչ˵Ĺϵ
磬岻ãҾĴתת÷Щ˵ұ֤µġ
ҲѾǸˣԼͺáЩ棬ǰ÷ԴЩȫ޸еġȴ˲ôģػǻϲϰˣ÷ȻԼòУϲЩеġ
лл硣÷شȻûʲôˡ
Ҳֻð÷뿪
÷㲻ң統ĻǺȨġҲ֪ðͷﻹż飬ҲˣʿҪĶͦࡣڿʿŮƽȣ˵ȫͳһ˵ʱ򣬻йʦǰѡӡҹţǹʦĹʦССҲǸʿˡ
Ϊʿڽŵʿѡӣֻ츳ŮûʲôϵҲˣȡʿĸ߹ٹӵܱȽ϶࣬㲻ܳϣҲҪѧһѧĿķĵûиԼʲôݣ˿ϵʿ֮ҲֻĴѰҵ۹ҿڹ۶ѡ
ͷҲһϵûУٻеġһҲֻᱻ߹ٹͻ֪ԹʵҪϣܲ˼Ǻܹƽģǵ˻ʵۣͱɣͱ뵱ʵۡ
˼˺ʿ˲ֻͨܶѡһҪѡǾֻܻʵҲɣʿҲˡ
ҪµĹ򻹲٣ҪҪҪúѧϰѾһĸʱѧϰƻѾֽϣĴ㱸¡
һʱˡ
֮ǰһ˵Ҫϰݰ죬ԼֻôһʱΪ˿ʿȻֿʼһŬĸʱˣ
ûб᣿ֱӽʳ˿ڡ
ֻСһе⣬УΪܹиɹǺŬĺòãǰڳԨΪ˿ţҲǻ˲ٹġ
ΪƽŬôǾأ
ֻǺòŬ˿ƽĵزҪżŬѧϰǲŽо
Сһ㻹ǵĵԼɣƽֻҹЩҾһ㶼ᡣҪҲεĻǵҪʯˡôң֪㻹˽Ǯ
ԼĹһЩĿң㡭ô֪ģ
صĺܺãûó
ƽʱĻô࣬˾֪ˡ¶һ㶺ҡı飬˵ˣ㲻ǻҪǮ򸴻ĲôҪû͵͵ǮҲҪΪ㱻ء
ĬĬͷҲܵĲ࣬Щѧûġ
ģҲ˽Ǯģġҽ˵˭ûе˽ǮأǮﲻŰ
ˣﻹĬĬľԼ취Сһ˽ǮжٲС
ûд⣬ǵҪ֪Сһܹ¶ʯ
ٿ÷͵˲ߡ
˲ѴӰ÷е֪Լܳȥʱһ
͵ԼǱǶԿƹŹֵķˣȻȥǾ֤ԷпܲҪ
ڽˣôܻȫű˵Ļأ϶ҪԼŻᰲĵġ
˴磬Ҳȥһ廻Ǯֻòã÷Щ˷ܵ˵ţûһЩڴȥǰܲȥͲȥģ˴ҪȥĻԼҲǿԿ˷һµġ
÷лл㡣˲ѵͷ˵
÷˼ĺ˺˵ÿġ
˲ֲǵȸճͷ࣬Ȼ֪ǰŮԼʲô˼˵ʵ÷չһֱľҲºŮôһʺøУֻһŮɩ˲Ѿ;ԼѾõĲֿʼʹˡ
ɩҲã۵ĵʿҲãʲôͨˡԼһֻǺǴѾ˳ҪǺͰ÷һԺ󻹲֪ܱܲסԼһСԣԼ취߰ɣ÷ɩڣ϶ܹҵһõ˵ġ
ǵģ˲֮ҪΪ˴ϢԼĺǣȻûߡ
÷书ûа취ץԼ
˲ѴŰ÷һͬϽˡ
÷Ǿ˶ĵطһ·ץŵ˲ѵֱ۲ţǿĶ
ȥ壬÷ܲ˵Ͳ˵ȫ̶ɵ˲ȥƹּۻۡ
ƹĺͰ÷ҲΪϤ÷Ӣӣ̲ס٩䣬ʲôʱϲµʱ򣬼ǵøһˮơ
÷͸ˣ˲Ҫһ΢΢üûж˵ʲô
ֻǰ÷һֱôץԼԼҪ֪ܻЩ鷳
뵽˲һơ
ȵǮ˲ѾװԼ֧Ҫεӣ÷ŵһ̯Ϣ˵ҪԵġ
÷ԥĴӦˣֻ˵õ˲һȣȥһľͻ
˲ѽ÷뿪ǽϿ°ţ֪ԼϢԼתͷŷ񱼡
Ҫҹ뿪ӦǣЩ˻ץԼ
˲ʮãṦˣܿѾӦǳſڡ
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ǡʱ򣬵˲ΪżǣСײһˣԷָ˳
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֪ڵôǳˣ˵׷һ˲ѵġ˵˰ɱǳڼγǱ˹ʦĸǰץء˲һԣ˵˾⸽浽ǹٱĴץˡҲǵģǽǸҾӦǶһ㡣
ӦǺǰһǳأΪ˿𽥶СӦǾǣûеڶ·ߡ
˲ѵɫЩѿ
ɱǸǳ
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Ӧߵ£Ǳ߹ܲԼͨʱûеԼҪǳȥ׶༪٣Ͼ˻ûкȫء
˲ҧҧ֪Լֻܻȥ
÷һĿǰû˺ԼĴ㣬ʵǿǵĹٱ
ֻǣôһıȫһЦˡ
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ڵ˲׷ٵķһֱڼľٶء
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ģѯʵ
ңæŸϰʱǣʼ磬Ӧþһﵹùɡ
ƺе̫ˡ಻Щ룬˵ʿǣġ˲εĺǳϹϵ߶߲ˣĪǰ÷Ļ֮·ĳҪɫ
ҾܡͬĵͷҾǿȥһģо֮ôˣ϶֪
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ĿҺͷˣĵкǣȥ̶ǱץС㣬ըִ࣬¾رáмõǴɢߵؼζܲһ㡣ϧûʲôϣȻζӦòĲ
ЦһԼĴָȡһƵ
ƿĿһʳ֡
۾һѵʳΪʳ¥ĵϣ
ʳ¥ƽϡ뿪ʱȥһѣʲôóԣھӼҵĺӶˡҵ󣬡˼Ϣ㹻ģҪԵĺãҪԼ
ϡļĲУȻǵܣһѧĲడԺõʳΪˣҲȥѼһʳϧ⼸߲֪ﻹжٵϣɷһңڶٻЩʯġ
˵˵ͯۡҲȤһһǧƷʯһƿļ۸ʮƿġ
ĻЩ㣬ҪװԲϵ˼
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£Ҽѣһֱڴİ㰡
ǰ֮Ĳ㣬ںˡ
ǡĸпѣԽΪʿԽҪմȾȻ⻯֮·ģ׳¡
ϲǲ١
ҲԼͬ뵽òǰ÷ǰ˵˲ѵʲôİɣ
ˣЩҼǶڿ飬ʲôҪôĵ˿ĵѯʵʲôģһΪǽġ
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Ҫʿһʱûסֱӽ˵˳֪嶼ʲôô
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ιιСһ㲻ҪһòƽĴǰ˵ЩѽǿȫƣҪǽǰ㶮
ĳĬˡ
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һңû¿ʲôʿ˵Ҫô


85 
Һͷ˷˺һĵȷĲҪ
ҪڹһѾùͷۣôҲ췹Եġ
ʵоݣ侲ҲֵȷܣѾҪԼˣô뵽Ҳƽ˹ֵǸλЦˣЩ
ǿɲԼ
ҪСһرܴһһҹҪɱˡ
µ뵽Ȼǲ̫СƱˡ
ĺòײֻܹﰲȵĳ׷ľһƽ˭ҪҪĻᶯɱ˵ġ
ҲҪƽȥǣã÷˲ǣϡһԹۣҲǸϰһµʿҪݣǻȫô
ĵվԭû˼ҵ顣
ҪûҺҷʲôȥӽ÷ڣõһϡԱ߹Ķ㲻һǣҲÿһԼ浢ôʱ䣬ûеɻȥŻһһô
áĵѾ֪Լûиõİ취Ҫ췢ģԲΥԣ͡ҪһŬУɢ÷һӵŬɿգ
ǣô
ûĵҲĺѹ
ĵ˾ͱº࣬Ǹղ˵÷͵˲ôˣϸ˵˵ϸϸۿǡ
Ҫġ
Э飬ڼŷװأúõĿ˵ķչ
͵δ汾ˡ
ǿˣͺúøϰ۵ʲôġ
˵ĵ˹֮ǰҲǸܣԴԼһ⣬ĵҲ񫡣ʵĵʱ򣬻˸ľӶһ˻ܴ齫ʲôģ׹ƽӡ
һʵǴ
ֻܽŵ۵ıϰδйϡ
ɣ˵ˣĵ˼Ҳ档
ѣĻǲĵ˺ҳ׻֮󣬴һ֪ĸоҲʲôΪԱֱ֣֮Ӿͳ˸ĺõѣʱİԣһҵӣٲȻչ˺֮ơ
ͺñڡ
ȥ˵飬ִ˸ӻʲôĻϻżˮѣҡҡϣȣӹþͺһҵͷ̫̫һеûྡ
ҲûС̾˿㲻֪һʼʱжҪɱġֱȰ޲һܷȰôǿңȻӿû
ĺҪӵһģҪǶԷԼı˵ʲôҲҪ
˭뵽ڣ벻أ
ҪһСһ뿪ˣ˵ϰߡ
뵽ԼΪСһΪԼʲôʱԪˣСһеĻء
ȻǶòֶǲġҼüĿضǸ츳ǿŬˡ츳˲£ŬҲ£츳Ŭ˹ˣͺܿˡƽ֪˶ʿҵ£ҿܼ֮ضҵһϯ֮ءʱʹˣ˵ϵ˶Ҫǰʱ˵㶼ˣֻܸƽط
˵ĵ̲סĽһּȮĺ£ɲһСȻһ߱ô꣬ҲֻܺĵһȥŬܳɹ¡ʲôҪʲôҪ˭ܷ˭ܷʵöˣһֱҵ£עܷġ
ʲôãҿ˿Ĺӣڵò׻ˣڵˡû굽ɽ磬Ƿ֮ӣϣʵǿʱ۸Ŀ϶Щ·ˡ꣬Ҫײ㿪ʼ𡣰£ҿɲɡһúܣͺܲǻľˣһʯͷʲô˼
ĵԴЦ˵ĲΣҲ˥Ҳɣڡᣬʵѵá
˵˵ǿĴˣֻһңڣʲôҹЦЦ
ԱţԽüͷԽҪϢʲôʱ򣿸ˡģȻǷޣҲһ»ĽҪɡҼϸ֣Ҳһ
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Һ˹ʵӦһ
򲻹򲻹
Ϊܹһ㣬Ҫġ
ԼȻԼҲ
ˣ
Լ⣬ĸԸ˽
ƶܹڵһ¾͸죬ҪΪá಻ˣЩŮ;Ͳˡ
⽣Ҫġ
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˲ڽƯ꣬Ҫ˵ûа뷨ǾǼٵġһ뽭Ҫ˳ôףͰ÷һദЩӣҲܸоԷԼ񽥽˱仯Ҳһ뷨ûеġ
÷Ȼ书ɩͨˣôŻ֮
ҵ˲޸ĸһͰ÷˼ڻƻҲǿԵģôһҲ˳˳
뷨ڵ˲ãĳŶ԰÷ʾõʱ򳹵ױͰ÷һϷ룬Թ۵ҺĿΪꡣ
÷ˣ˲ѿҲԡ
ԷѾķˣױģҶҲΪ͸壬ŵԣûнѰʵǸٺòķˡ
˲һֱӦǣǱ߶ͨҲûҲֻԵΪһ£Ѿ׼ʼ׼ǵĻˡ
Ȼ÷һвٲܹ˳ɻ飬Ѿ̤˵һ
Ҫ߶԰÷Ǹʲôˡ
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Һͷ˳ɹͨ˵ʿˡ
˵ʿʵҲѣҪںиԣҪѵ㹦αװû
Ͳ˵ˣǽ֮ȥԣǲʯҪҲǵȻҲᱻԨڸȥӡ˵Ҫװʲвѵġ
ǻ˳ͨˣǺӦǵмλ˸۳ɹҿҡһ˵ʿÿ²һ׷ӸǷޡƻķӣȻ͸˰ü͵˲СޡôһҺͷҲܹ׵ĴӰ÷ﵭȥܹרĵĻ
˲ǸܸɵģṦˣвٵĻҲȥɽҩǴԶһѺ֣ӹÿ˵Ƿ𡣲ԭСӷ޳Ϊש߷÷СѾ߷̣гΪơ÷ӹÿ˵˳˳ˮΪﲻŮӵĽ
Ҫ˵ʲôԵĻֻһˡ
Ƿ޳ɻ꣬һֱ޳
Ϊˣ÷ѰҽҩҲȥҷҰæ⣬ûʲôЧ
÷ȻϾǸʿҪãôףҦ黳Ҳֻǵ⣬ԼҲûӡ
Ĳûа취εġ
ڵ˲ѶҲô⣬ûʲôλҪ̳УǰڽһûһģԼﶼ⺢ӵ£⣬÷⡣÷ǸڻߣΪе˲ѵĴڣЩı䣬ҲıļޡţҲûʲôǾÿŻле飬ĽԼ˲
˲ѾúֺЦֻο÷˵ԼҲûйϵֻҪǷЯ֣ͷҲûʲôá˵ˣ÷ĸɩɩҲûкô
˵ãһ˵÷͸ˡ
ǰǷûкӣɩɩҲûкӡһˣԺעҪˣԺ˶û˸ա
ǰĵǩ˵ӣҪһˡ
ҺĶΪǵôȥʱƽ˲
ƻ˸ӣ˵֪֪ǲ˼֮ͱ˻ɡܿ죬÷Ҳ֪ôһӴڣҪȥһ㣬ôкӡ
Ǹݵͷǰü룬мָ˵ķ緶Ĳһ㣬ֻǩԣûʲôɱԡ
ңⲻҸġſ֤ԼףҲˣ֮·һ˳ġʿ¾Ǵư÷ƽһʯˡ
Ҳ˵÷Ļʱ򣬲ʼˡ
֮ǰЩڹҼҰˡ
÷Ѿߣõǰϣһõ顣
ð÷д˸֣һ֣ţɫѿˣûжŮԵ֣˰ա
÷ɫѿȴǼѯʣǰûʲô취ôҪӣһЩǿԡ
˵ʲôⲻӵ顣Ӱڰ֣εҡҡͷûԵ֡
ǽ踹أ¸ɷɸ檣ô÷˵
ôġ
ˣǲǿġ̾˿ǻȥɡɷûŮԵ֣ǺúûȥӰɡ
÷ҧҧǻȥˡ
Сһܹܿôҹѯʷ
ĬһֵңȻ
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÷ԸʵʺԼ뷨ֻҪ϶ľͲġһһҪӣɷóôܻô򵥾ͷҲ뷨ô˵ġ
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СһˡҼװοĨĨᣬûôƭˡ
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װ·ˣ˸ҲһҪͻȻðֵʲôˡ
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˻ᣬȥ˵˲ô˵ҲҪ˲һԡ
˽ĿţҪָ֪ʲô
˲ѱЩĶԵ˵ƽЩǲǳˣǿһԡ
˫ǰȻƯҲǹ͡Ǵ󸻴֮࣬ܿϧȴ;жˡӿ֪ΪΣ
˲ѲЩѯʵŶΪΣ
Ϊɷӵ֮󣬸ı˼ȶˣȣǡǳɻǷӰ쵽㣬ȻʹҲıˡԼɽӣޱȵ˵
˲Էô˵÷һƾͽӵ飬ٳһҾĵĲӣˡ
˵꣬˲Ѿ׼뿪
Ӻαضŭ?ЦЦС׷ȥ˵Ŀʵ飬ûа١
˲Ѽǰߣ
޷ֻĬзһ˦
˲ѵͻȻͣסǰߵƣ˾ֻӻܶ
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ӣʣȴûɽҰ֮䣬ʵ̫ϧˡεǰ۾ðž⣬ŵ˲˵ҲвСˣҲǰˡʱ񣬾аҲ޷꽥ÿ죬ϵľ˾ͻʹұɽֻͣΪɲΪһ㣬ҪոͽܣȻ̰쳾ҲգȻҲԵ֡ɵһţɽ㲡ʹʲôʱҪ쳾ʵ˴ҡĳϣϵȻ㡣
˵꣬ǿӲĸ˲ѳһŵҩ˻ӷ⿪Ķ漴ʧӰ١
˲վԭأ񾪿ֽӡ
ϣȻ֮ô
ص˲ѻЩŲһ˺üˮƽʵǰʱҲ˵һЩɵĴ˵ǽ֮УҲ书µĴʦԶ˴ͼȹһƬȥǺɽѰʵ˭Ҳ֪ǷɹΪȥ˵˾Ҳûл˵ȴһֱڵģҲɹֻԶ
˲һֱΪⲻһЩ񻰹¶ѣԼЩ˼顣
ԼֻʲôϷˡ
˲ѸԼѹѹûкͰ÷˵ӵ£һޡ
ڶ죬˯˸Ⱦ
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Լܹ˵ĵطȫûһ˿һʹ
һϢԼֻصǰʢʱ
˲ѵ۾һӾˡ
ԼƺҲ˲١
ĪǣǸ˸ԼԵɵ
ϣԭˣ


86 
ôûе
÷ΪдʿΪˣ˲ͬҲΪУȴҪӷ˱ʿ
˵ף;ͬ飬ҲûʲôõġֻүƫƫҪôһʱ佫ô˴պһǽҲԶ׼ˡ
˲ѿʼйѰʵ鱾
еľЩ棬ҲзǰȥӵϵȺӣܿϧһҲû˲Ѳû˶ʧġΪѧʦѧյʱ򣬶ʦӲѧһ㹦ʵ飬ȻҪĿ顣
÷Լɷôӡ
ɵ˲Ѳǿ˱ŮˣҲû˶ɢҲƣֻһȫĵѡҪ˵԰÷ҲڣֻһһĿ
÷Ҫӣ˲Ѻԥľܾ
Լӣڻ˵ʵ÷ǷһҲ㣬Ե˵гΪˡҵӣңǾһʵԺܹһһңɣ˺鷳ˡ
÷ֻԼɷ֢ʲôɿԣ
ɵ˲ţǼ⣬ǰ÷ܹȰöġ
÷ֻǰȥҷɷҲ֪ǰ÷ҪĽ٣ӳȥһ֮Ҳûгֹ˲뷨ܹǿ
ʿҲܴ۸˵˼롣
ȻƳɿܳ⣬ɿѾû˼ˣƺֲڴˡ
÷ʧ飬ȴҲֻˡ
ɷԼҪԼһɵġǶѾôķޣɷ˲ԼҲȥ
ҵʵľѾ۲˲ѣ˲һ˿Ҳޣǲɵġ
ӵʵıһҲΪû㹻ԴĹҪѱȵ졣
Һĵˡ
ǸǸʿӦÿ˲ûʲǡǣѾĻĽӽ˲ѣƭΪΣѵΪ˰÷
÷Ļ֮·֪޼ǸôרųŰ÷أ
ɻҾҪٶ࿴
ӣҪֵġ
˲ԽʵԭͰ÷еЩҲոһ֮нĥʼûûҹĵȺڴ֮ϣΪ˵ȴǸӵĵ˶˵˲ǲԽˣ˲Ҳû˿ȴ
˵ģ˲ʵĻĺҲ㹻ɹˡ
ƫƫûͽϧˡ
ȥ
ҶĵʼˣѰ˼Ⲩǻ£ԼȥǸӣúʶԷǴʲộ׷׷һͻȻӲ˵ĸо̫ʹˡ
Ҳûʧ̫ãܿ³ˡ
ն֮˼ᶨٶȳڵ˲ǰ۾ﲻε֮⣬ҲգĿѹһͬˡ
˲ѴϲʦɵҪΪͽ
ͽٿߵͯӰɡ΢΢Ц߰ա
˲ϲҪǰͻȻ˶٣΢΢ֵʦҼﻹһڡȻҪߣɷҿȥ¸ꡣ
ŶҪΰ٣ʦϵЦⲻʵ
һȥдһݺ飬еļҲƶᣬЩƲɩģӱضѹ˵ҵһˡ˲Ѻԥ˵ȻҪȥѰʵˣЩǮƾȫ֮ûʲôˡ
ǷҸԣΪڣ˲űѹûȢܹһЩʱҡ̾˿
ûϤϣڼǰѾˡ˲ҡҡͷֻһСŮӣʲôҲ֪ʦˡһȥȥ죬켴ɡ
ʦû˵
˲Ѿһ˵ʦԿҵӣҲԵأ
ʦĿ˵˲һۣҵȷԽҲߣһԵֻǣҪãҴһߣкڵʱ򡣡
ôأ˲ѴЦʦҵȻû̫飬һԵҲһ
ãұһ𡣡ЦЦһͬǰȥɣӺһ뿪
лʦлʦ˲ϲʤû뵽ֻһʶѣʦȻĴӦҪ
ڿ̽ķʮֲ⣬˵һͷˮ˲ûʣǲеġ÷ʷУӳȥһ֮ҲûнӴִӦҪŰ÷һͬɣôģ
ʿǿ͸İǲ̡ĵҡȣҡҡͷ÷һ٣ѹ
ǶĺˡҲŵͷɱ˲ͷأôһУֱ˰ѡ

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˵죬һֽһߣѯʵ
Сһǿɰ㲻ôҼЩĹĵģֻԽɰҪһСһŶϧ״̬СһĿֻҪеίˣԼ¾Ҫȥˡ
˵Խϧ
ҶŪˣɫСһʵǰ˵ġҲչͽܲôĶͽܲǰǱˣûܹƽƽ˫ѹ֮˳˳ĳɵġ
಻Ǳֻеֱѡ
һͨ̾ҵ˼˵ʣ
ǰʡ̾˿Թ۹˲ѵԵģ˲ð÷޸ҲȷܹõһСڰ÷϶ϲ˲ɷġ˵˲Ѿ˳ɣҲҪŰ÷һѣŰ÷һͬˡ
һ˶ԣʵ˲ĺܲˡ
һҲеˡ
÷֪ķչ֮ػԵ˲Խġ
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Ϊ˲ѺͰ÷һͬɵĻܿͻʶ֮Ĳࡣ
ûʣôŬҲȻİ÷֮ǰܹΪϲ񻯷Ҳضһһǧġ
ԼҪԼòƽƽѾԶԶĳʱʱ̵̿ĸܵ԰÷ѹ÷»Ϊ˵˲ѣԼٶȡ
ôһ˲ѵķԽĲù
ʦԵ˲ѵԽߣ˲ѾͻԽձԼɵİ÷ֻʲô뷨أ
ǼʵĲɾҩʼڵ÷һͬȥ˰ɡ
ֶĿǵĹġ
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˲ѣȻҲ⡣
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ĵҲʮͬҵĻôչôʿĿҲͿԲµˡδ֪÷ǻ֮ˣȴ˰÷еʣԲľסװףֽŸɾ÷ôҲỳɵͷȥ
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ʮֲ⣬ԼܹߵĸԶɷĲӦøӸô
Сһϵ˲㡣˵ҲֻŻôĵϣԼĵºͽܹŬԽɡǷء
ҵĻǿ˰÷һĻĿʼ
飬ֻ˵ĸԣ޳ܰˡ
÷͵˲һͬУӿʼϳ޵˲壬ȴְԱߵİ÷ѹ˲ѵˣյ˲Ϊͽ÷Ծֻһ̷ͯŮˡ
һʼ˲ѶʦĿޱ˷ܵġ
һʼļЧҲֻǾԼʹˣޱֻҪܲ׾ɡȻŪڰ÷ǰͼʱȴְ÷ֻǿһóķѾ塣
ǿʦİæһĵҩɵ֮·Ϊʲô÷ֻһܻ᣿
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Ȼ÷һǻײûд򶯵˲ѣõ˲Խŭ
Լõ츳ڰ÷ȻֿⶪĶô
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÷Ҫ츳ĻΪʲôܸأ
˲ѿʼԹĲ׼ȻԼԵΪβԼ㹻ʣõĶһϧϡ
ĳһ죬˲ѿʦææĽһؼﻹ߶ʲôͣⶫҪҸʱٵʲôļֱɥơ
ⲻãһ⻰ͳڵ˲˸
Ȼа취Խ˵ŲԼô
÷ôϧԼ츳ôҪУôԼԸʲôã÷ԵҲԼģջӦô
Լõ֮Ҳ԰÷ܺúܺõģ÷ҪʲôԣԼΪôһ÷ҲܿģҲܿˡ
֪˵Լ˵ˣ˲ħһ㣬͵͵õⱾؼ
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÷ԭҪȵʦһǰȥЩ˲ȴ˵ĵرģԼ˭ҲţʦҲ⡣÷һǴӦ๫Ѿܾûж˵Ļˡ
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87 
ʲô̤Ьٴȫѹ
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Ҷû뵽ѰôöûջĹϢȻʱ֣
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ʱ˵ǰ÷Ĵ谭Լǰ÷Լˡ
ʱ˵÷ϲУ츳˷ѡ
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һһģ˲ѵļ֮ôȼ
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ЦӯӯĿ÷Ѱö֮꣬ºòҵ˵֮أ룬ǵĵط󷨣ôҲ޷룬ΨԵϾԹ֮ܳƷӡһ̽
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Щ˻껹ֻ꣬Ǳĳطʱѡ
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88 
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89 
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СˣȻ㺦ҹܴɣ÷Цˣ϶ѡ
ſָӵؿڴݺһץ
ֻоƺһֻεĴץסԼؿƵģһ̣һʹԼ۾䡢ӺͣȫѪ硣
ʹ
֮ǰʩڵ˲ѺͰ÷ϵʹô

ԼõķҪʹٱǧ
ҪܵĸԶһʵǵûԶİ÷ȵ֮ʱŷԼŵ֮ǰ˲ɵλá
֪ˡ˻ƣȫ¶ðѪһͳһѪˣڵʹధ㣬ɡ
ʵ޷ʹࡣ
ʹҪԾܡ
Ŷˣ֮ǰǷĵġ÷ԼĶͷתӳһ籦ǱоžŰʮһţһӵʹﱻӲקֱͶ뵽֮С
һڱȼյӵڲϵĲҽС
ʬ壬ǰΪ촷ۡ
롣÷籦ջأЦⱦˣǧζûгͶ̥ġ
÷ŵ˲ѵʬ壬ӿ¡
վһԣĬĬĵȴҺͷ붨֮
˽Ĺ۲⵽Լɹ˲䣬ȻҲܵһ˿
ҲԼǵһ㲹
÷˿طɫӣȻҡ
һͳΪ˰÷ˡ
󣬰ȥļ䳾ˣƬص¡
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ΪԼѾٽıӻȴû뵽ô󣬶תתԼһѡ
ǵ̽δô
÷ҵķԺ֮˼ǧ
ȵ˴붨֮Ҳ͹ȥ˰ʱˡ
ޣõһҪʱȥԺҲҪһܹõǡ
лλ֡÷Ҳû׼˵Ľŷҹ˸
ԭİ÷ȻΪϲü֮ʼн֮ɫѾƽʯӣԸ⣬վǰҲԵǺߵĿһ
Ҳ˼ͷҺСһûôﵽ㡣
ࡣ÷ҡҡͷҲԵʻᣬȻӦѾˡ
˲ЩĿŰ÷ĵ˲ѣܻô
ˡ÷̾˿δ壬ҿȥͶ̥ת
һʱ֪ΰο
ǰ÷֪÷Щʲô
ܶǰ˲ѵǰ˵ǰһħޡ÷˲ѺѪɫ°ңΪҵ¯ʣԽץȥС·նɱֻһƻǡһƻֻתҲֱֻϴȥеװ׵һˡǷҵģվҪһҡ
νĻع鷲ˣΪʱǷģģһʽܻ
ܹնЩͷ֮³׷ֿζ㻯ɹ
ڻɹɲǣѾԼΪ˵ʱܵһǺԵˡ
Լ֮ǰڻþ￴ģһħ°˰÷
ԭǸħ޾Ƕֻǰĵĵ˲ô
ץأ
һʱ򹼸ˣʱΪԼ͸ڰŪģҲɢգǰҪҳӦȵҵıջɷŻȥͶ̥ת÷˵кܶһʱҳԹĹˣ˺ˡ
ţʱ˿
ǰûǷʲô飬Ҳû̸ǷĻЩĹ˾ϰǣҪһծ
һˣܻܲծأ
ҵ˼άɢ˿
룬ԼֲܻǲЩ˰ɡ
ԭˡҲڻ֮ϵⷴʿڷ֮ǰͬҪֽѣνĻǽеĽѶŨһ֮Ҳʮֻ޵ý֮˵֮ͬ쳾͵֮⻯֮·֮ͬˡ
ǣ֮·ǧǧ򣬵ͳͬʲͬҪĶҲͬ
Ƿҵ࣬ǻҲǵͶ̥תɡͻȻ˵
룬ĵӴԼǲϣַʽġ÷Цһƽ֮٣ǻ˶ҪǷĻòһգͻᱻ㻯ɹˡ
Ҳֻһˡ
ͬ÷Ƿ߹ЩˣֻתѾģˡ
ԼĵǣֻתԼܹһ۾ϳô
಻Ըȥ⡣
оĵǹƲôʵʵȥͶ̥תġ
Ҳл֮ҪҪʱգ֮£һѣ㲻⡣൭˵δϲóԸ
ҲǾһ÷ЦѣǻҪѲʱܳɹ˴á·ɹˣǷģǷ˵ģǶѻ塣
˵ǰϲΪڷҵһ¯ʵŮӣ뽫ϲڲܴ࿴÷ƽ˵˵ǸŮӺ˳ϣȴû˵ǸŮӺΪ˳ϣΪ˻ϲ
ҲΪȣԭ͵ϲڵǸ˾㣿
ҡ÷϶Ļش˴ħңҵʱ¯Ѿ죬ҪӡҲܡֻлϲһطܾң͵˻ϲڡ
Ϊβ˵üǵЮͼ
Ȼǡ÷ҡͷϣȻҵĿԡ
ǲҡһѪҲķࡣ
÷Ǹ⣬ȴɼԼĿҶԷǰеʶֻԴ˵׼ءƶϳǷǰʱ꣬¹شȻ׺¶Һ˵ĹϵһҲҪȷһ㡣
ȷϣҺǵҪǲӦأ
˵ʦˡϲֻҪˣض÷ĻشңҲõһԣǺͷǰҪһʱ˵йϢġ
ţ
ˣСһ֮ǰǸӦ˵Ϣôſ˵Ҳһǻټһء
̱ɫ棬
ǵġ÷϶ĵ˵ͷҼʧܵʱҸо˵ϢҲһĨϢҴӻʧܵĿ֮˳
ǰ˾ȹһΣһԼһΡ
ôҺĿ࣬ôҲСһ֪ʲôطô
ﲻӦǺɡ
࿴ܣã
ɹҳĵطָָǰ棬ҼǵһƬɭ֣û뵽Ϊ˻ĵء
Ѿټǵɹ̫ĵطֻǵ׷ãǹʵΣҲ벻ʦģʵҲЩְˡ
ÿҪĵطȻǲһġķļ򣬡ҵĻҿ϶ҪһʯĵطԼҾͲԺҲŬҡ
ԭЩ˸е̾ͱҸˡ
²׷Ȼȳڹȥ
ǰ׹⸽ǵôҺͷڲƴڻ֮ʱ÷ͻȻſѯʵ
Ŷǻһںʰ̯أǸĵˡſ˵ǵˣİɡ
£ҷַ࿴ԶɫҲˡ
Сһôˣ
׹ɲֹֻһء÷˲ѵҲڳһԴģĹصϢһЩ֮͡
ʱ֮ǰķָߡ
ĵһĽЩ˻ֱԺĸǽһԹڸҺͷʰ̯ӡ
Ǹа÷ŮӣǴ˴δٲܶȹζʧˡ
ƣ԰÷ĸԣûлԵĻûа취ùһεĽѡƵ飬Ѿ۲üˡ֪µʿȷ࣬ԸⳢԵҲࡣǧһЩʿҪƴһѡ
ȻҲİ
Ҫ֤һ˵ʧܰˡ
֮·ôأ
¸ôԶҲܸо÷Ϣһı֮ǰǸ˵ϢѾȫʧˡ
ҲҪʧô
ϧΪʿҲҪʧˡ
Ľһ˻꣬Ҫ뿪
Ȼ䣬ҲһϤϢӡ
ƽɫ˲
Ϣ
䣡
ôãԭ֮Ȼطô
Ǹ÷ʲôطʿҪĽѾȻ֮йصŲ٣Ļֻ֪ǳԨںͻϲڡ
Ԩǲܡ
ЩǻҲǰ÷֡ҽǴǽǼֻķʽɽɡôֻǻϲһλ겻ˡ
ΪŶ겻ĵӣ˻ϲעһûͻƽô
ɼΣ
ֻǣڴˣô÷ĻͲֻǵĻˡ
ʱĵеİҲʱҵĿʼζ
һС͵ĿƶĴ󷨿¼⿴ƽСС֮ϡ
漴â
ȴӰ⴫ת۾˴˵ء
ֻϵΪڡ
ȫ䣬ͬĻĵӡ
ֻϲһڣٺǼˡ
õӣܳϡ


90 
ڳģǸ͵ˡ
ڽһͷһ֮⣬ٻعţߣҲ˥ˡ
ˣʶĵӶࡣ
ֻǣΪڵĳϣȻʲôɡһͷһҪȡ֧֣ɴͽŻ뿪
ǵģͬҲڻ
Ļ˵Щͬ
ޣһ꣬ó˼̻֮Ű¡ֲ֪ķ˶꣬ųΪڵĳϡܷУʶĻͱʿҪôһȨ磬ܱԼļ䡣
Ȼˣ׶ҲС
ʿӡֻҪץסԵҲͶȹʱ⣬Ѿ˼꣬û·ÿһӣҪһ˼̬ʲôʱ򻯷ɹҪԼʲôʱˡмĺ޷һ˵۹ȥ飬ʱϾԵø
ͬзǵʮֻ޽İ취
ЩΪܹ˳Ҳ᲻ϵͶ̥תƻ£һֱۼƵʮм䲻ܱ˴ϡȵʮ㹦ԲԽ棬ܹļҲԽࡣ
ʱ䣬Ҫɹʱ䣬˵Ҫꡣ
ɡĿӣѾ֪Ϊζ
׷Ϣж꣬ȴһֱûʲô̫Ľչ񣬺ò׷ټôܲ
뵽Ϣֵʱ䣬з˹ŹֵѾ֪Ϊζˡ
˳ɾǳԨڵˡ
ԨҲڳô뵽ʵϲںͳԨڽˣ
㡣ϲǰЩѾͳԨڽˣԨڲսǲһ޵ǰפأϲҲὫ洫͵Ԩѧϰ֮һش֮شϲڲΪǣܳϲΪ˵ġ
ģļֱҪЩӿտյĵԨûºͻϲڽˣѵΪ˸ԼҵҸ£ϲȻû˷µӺʿԵԨڣͳɹҲһѡԨڿϵĲǻϲڵʵϵǻϲڵô
ԨΪ޵ͳһɣµĵӼҪҩ󷨣Լʦ޲齣Ҳ˵ԨڴһʼڼԼ˳㡣ͬģͳɵĽ޵ͳˣӶԼɣƽҲٺͳԨˣϢǲסԨôꡣ
һɣǿֻҪûаν⣬ô޺ġ񣬳ԨѾҪٵˡϲûзĵӻô꣬ľһı¡ǰ÷ɹôһȱ㶼ܱ㡣
ˣǳԨְ÷ģҲǴٽ˵ĸ
ô򵥵ĵȻô
ϣǡ
ˡͷͺ˵߲亦ҪԳԨڳ֣ҪһġĥĥĲʲô򡣽һĵӻûʽ˼Ҷ֣Ѿ˴սܣֲ꽵͡
񣬵Ҳ뿴žôĩ·
ǲͣ£ҲͳԨġ
Щ·һˣҪٺ˾ˡ
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ĹѳҲضС΢΢̾˿Ȼ󻺻ı۾һ֮ǰѾ˸һԣá˼˶꣬ҲʼտƣⱲûзɵˡ
ţضܹɹæֵǧǰȥĹأƴҲὫ
ȥҲҡҡͷȥաֻϧòĵˣʼջӲҪǴһܡ
ϵķһĶѡ
۾ȫ⵽ʲôĵˣֱֵܳжԼĻ֮·ӶȡЩΪΪȥὣ
ϣαˣ
ϣ˼Ѿꡭ
ŬôҪ֮ô
ֵõġ
ϣǱߵǽһͷһȥҧˣһʲôϵأ
ǰϣǾ͵ûз¡
µģҪ֪һʧܣܳϾûа취ٽ˷ˡ
Ժ֪ˣûѡġĿЦѣָָ죬ģڿء
жϻ⿪˷
ΪҲߵ˽ڡ
߰ɡĵģѾ˸ı䣬ǸɷǵĵʿЩһ㳤öϡ
Һ֪ģҲ˼ʿĿ
⡭ôҲ˸ʿ
䣬߾ֻڡ÷Ϊɹ˲нڵΪѲɶҲһɹģ
÷ͷ඼ɵľ
ҲΪġĹһ˵ҪǵñԼסµʱδܹ㱣ĺá
ԱıһеġʾģǣǸӦֻĵ˲Ŷԡ
Ҫɡ
òһͬˣȻҲǵô
ҵʮָӡ
ͺñĳͬһ²Լϰ壬ͬϰһΡ
ƺûҵ
һ㿿òѾı䣬һһ۾˳
ģİˣĵȷȷģˣҲİ֡
ҿ˵ķΣڵˡ
ģλѡȻҲҺͷ࣬ͬҲ˻ɹİ÷
࿴˼ۡ
ԭɹ֮ӡܸоĵϣǹϲƺ̾Ͽһ˿һǿ
÷ҲֻЦЦ΢΢ͷҲܸоѾҲֻһ֮ң뻯ɹֻһ֮ңΪηأ
ȻЩ飬ҲӲĵЦϲڼȻѡͳԨڽˣҲ֪һЩ顣ûеѡȻΪ˱ĵôоֻܶŵˡµ۶ϣҲȳΪһѷϵǿ
ڣҲвò˼ô÷ȻףԼһ֮᲻еѹأһޣпҲֻԼ֪ˡ
ΪһҪ縺ŵ˥ͬʱҲҪܵԸѹǳΪһ֮ͿΪΪġϾϣжʱʱĶ㣬÷һĵӣʱ֪Լ²ΪţҲҪԼ¡
ֻ֮һһʧˣЩžͻñİ취ԸԨˡ
ԨڵĵˣͲֻڶѡ
ΪĿǰֻڱ¶ôƱֻڼе̽ԨʵְֱڳûüֵŻһŵƵĳ֡
Ŀҵķ򣬡֪λҲΪͽܱǸһŽڱصˡ
ǲܴİȻȴ
Ϊв࣬ʦҲˡ
ǰûа취Լĵӣѵͽ֮ܵûа취ȫô
ˣƾʲôʦ
δػӮҲû˿Ҫȴ뷨˼ҶˣҪʱˣ˵ȥô죿ЩԻ죬Щǲܻġ
һЦڷ֮ȷˣδˡ
֪ǿҲ
ڷֻΪԼӶҲ赲סǡ
ڰ÷ڷҲֻܺԼһǽڡ
ɰ÷ǻϲڳó
Ҳ˵Լ÷סڳ̽ĹأӶߡ
Ͷ
սһ
Ҳ֪˭ȶ֣Ҳǰ÷ȶ֡
ȵҷӦʱѾͷһڶԸĴˡ
Сһ֣Ըʿֵ
Сһ
Һһ൱Ϊ״̬뵽һ֮С
˷ֿ֮Ȼǿһġ
ûʽ֮ǰҲֻڹһΪһʱ򣬲ǿġ
ҽŹһ˼ά죬һ׾񽣷Ѿˮʹ˳
ҶʿҲڡ
ΪǱһҪǿ
Ǹ˾Ȼǽ飿
ǳԨڵǸң
ҲнԨǸǼٵġ
õ̾ϳҵݣҴ˿̻״̬
ҲǣӵнϢڲϢҲѾ˲˸׳졣͵ȴ֪棬ҲǸˡ
ڽ鵤ӤһСʳıԪӤʿ֮òͳԨεȻǰȥԮһڵʿ
Ϣȥôܲ𾪣
Ҳ֮һֱڳԨûгȥò׳ȴ˼䣬ŲѾչεȻ˽Ů֮Ĳ²ˡ
Сģ˶ޡҵԺ𣬡ޣѶԸ
ʲô˼Ҷ޲˽⣬ȻܿͷСһ˵ǲöԸԭ
ԼĽѾʿĵȴǴһ翵Ŀһȫûʵĸо
ʿûһ
Ȼγȴֿʿؿڱһƣת˿ָֻ
ȥô棿
ɵˡ
ѲľǱԳɾ֮֮Ȼ糣һߣֻҪǱ岻ݻ٣ҪɱǾʮѡΪޱ˼ͽеģǶʿ֮ġ
Ҳǵ£ͷ˵ЧС
Դ齣Ҳһ
ǵıҲܴһ񱻴ݻ٣ǵЩȻͻʧвףҪʿǸŬ޵Ҳ޼
ѾָоǵѲ
ôһʿɼأһʿָֻˡ
ʲô취ôҾЩͷʹСһǰ϶ҲԸްɡ
޵޵ģÿһλָҪһ޴ܶսҹݵĺսʮ꣬Ĺһ̾˿ҲĻֻͨҲЧİ취
˭ֵľá
ڲܺǴս
ֲôţҲ֪Լͳ⣬ԸޣͽǴ־սʺϵġ
ҧҧûʲôİ취ô
ҲСһ˵㲻ǻô취סǣڳȥ÷ͺá
ãⳡȴ׼󡣡ҺԥĴӦһʿӳʹӽƮӹ˹һʿ
һͷ÷ĵĶսԵԽҡ
÷·硣
ȻɹóģΪĹڶԸֵļᶨϸá
Ĳƣ÷Щμ穡
˵㣬ġ㱾ǧɫĵӣȴΪ޵ͳԵʣھʧ֮伣ȻڵţֺαΪǵûκοԷӵء÷һ߹һ߽ԼĹõ֮Уͼҡġ
Ű÷ĻĵԺﲻƵĳﱻżЦҲ˰ѹĸֳ
÷ÿһ֣ÿһʱʱ̿뵽ͬĳС
ڶĹﱻ˶ҡǣһСľͺС
ǻϲ
ֱµȷ˳ޡ
ԼѾɹϲҲѾͳԨڽˡĹغͽ֮㲢ûʲôϵΪβʹ˷Ҫͣ˼䣬ΪЩأǲҪݻĸҪӺˡһڶԿﲻĸһƵȰ˵÷
Ͳǵġ÷Ц
ǻǣȵȻҲˡЦСЩɡ
÷һ죬Ȼ䷢Լƺʲô
һģȴҲֻ˸įǰӰΪʧ١

ѾѰҵϢΪŨصĵط̷ĳطдʡ
䡪
һضɽҡ
ͺ㣬ĵͻȻѿһ޴ķ϶϶ԽԽߵĵ濪ʼһͷʼѹ𽥵ģ϶֮пʼһССĹľ
ǹľϷһССС
룡
÷æ˹ȥ
ĵٶȴȰ÷졣
ӲĽ˰÷һƣȴûκεĵֿ˫ֱסӣŰ÷Цһݵһԭʧ
ߣŸոճֽʿסʱ򿴼ľֻĽӶߵĳ
⣬ʶĺ˳
תͷȥࡣ
Уȴֻǿǵ֮£һССĹľ
ǹľͨҲѾܶˡ
棬ɻϢ
߳ƵˣһĵӣǧĵһŮޣСС˼䣬һ˭Ҳ֪ĵط
ɽɣȫǡ


91 
ڣá
Ӳİ˰÷һƣΪڽã㣬ϵҲܺõĿһЩ
ڵķӦҲܿ졣
ǰŽãžˡ
ҲΪΡ
ϲΪ֮¹ϵڵĴԾ˼䵱ԼСʿɣαΪѣǿжԼĻ֮·Ϊ˴һߵİأ
ֻûѡѡ
ǰûü棬߾Ѿææѯʵõ˽ģ
ûжжϻ֮·ĹģҲûжƵĵǣѯʾǽ֮¡
ˣԼڴʲô
˼ôûô
˼ĵ˵ǵ³ģҲֻǹ߶ѡ
ͬҲǡ
ܶʲôʦֵƣʵϣ˼ϵûбϵ𡣿Խ࣬;Խʧ
ûж˵ʲôתֽĺϻӵݵŸǰкܶ󷨣ҪһһƳѶȡǲϻӺʧ
˫СĽӹϻӣȷú֮󣬲ųЦЦʦˡȻһ㻯ʧܣؽұضǰԡʱر¹֮á
ֻ΢΢ʹۣ˵Щ鲢ôϡ
Ĺ֣Į֮ܡǲƾԼ֮ȹ٣ɽҲū֮յˣһ˿Ԫ񶼱ˡ
˵Ķôýӣ
ǵǸзǽС㻯
ǵһӶҪߡ
ѵҪǧǧ궼ԼҸӣ
ĪǾΪ˸ԼһǧѹͷϣֲǼûš
ԸԼֻУҲԸһܡ
ĵĻϷЦ֪ʦ߰Ϊţֻǣڵߴһûлͷ·ţǲԸڷЩǣʱҲͬһҴϡѾʦҿ벻Ͳˡ
ĲһȻ֪صġ
ˣôȥ?
ˣʦܣҲˣ˰ɣȥúϢһ¡̾˿ҲûȰҪȥɢɢģҲǿԵģȥɡ
лšԵĹ֣תȥ
ſϻӣҲΡ
ֻһһˡ
ͬҡβֻԻ֮ա
Ǿʹ˲ܣѰ䡣ѾɫţҲǵޣҷ֮·أŵˣѾ֮ͣأ
ܲܽžͰɡ
ಢ⽣ȥ
ģʼֻԼͽ꣬Ҫڷһˡ
ִ˼أ˼ҶҪƴοأ
ҪԼĺѻ²ҪֱӰνˡ
ûж˵ʲôοĻõģֻĬĬǰǣס˷֡
˶û˵ʲôֻĬĬķȥĹľ֮ǰվ
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ƺЩ֣
ҵʱĽѣҳຣ󲻵ðˣӧҵĵ֮С÷ָָ֣ԼؿڣҲǱһŽˡ


92 
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ͷŮҲϲҤˣ
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֪ж˶ϧźⱾһ˫ˣƫƫûи
ȻĻûһ˸ҵ档
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ˣҲһЩ˰ڱﴧ⣬ǲλѹͲϲˣ
⻰ϵŮ϶Ҫ˵˴һܵġǼõŮӣϲŮˣϲ֪жŮԸ⽫ԼҲҪ޸ֵõЩһ˵ģ
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ҲΣա÷ᶨĻش֤һԼֵȵġ
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÷䣬һʱãԼǿ˼
ϵʲôһǳ

÷Ŀŷ࣬Ĵӵ֮УطӡŵĽӵͳǸǰҲȷ㵽ǲǷ࣬Ҳȷ㵽׻ǲǸࡣԣҲܽ㡣
࿴Ϥķӡַ̲סЦһ£ֱһӡֽܸ㶨飬ʮ㡣
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ҾСһϵİҲ̫Ϊʲô÷ֱ治ֲࡣ
Ļȷˡ÷ԥһЩΪѵĿŷ˵ǰ˵ʦ೤ӢҿʦģǰڵӣҦ棬ʵ޷ȷϣһǷӡ
ࣺ
ң
˼һɵĻоݰ


93 
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Ϊ֪Թٴοˡ
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á
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Сҷ˸ۣˣˣֺŵĶóԡȻŴִһֻҪƷˣⶫȫˣõġ
һصҪȥ

ȫŵʲô⽵꣬ҪԵˡ
﹩ŵģǹʢ
ǱúõıĻʵΪ˹佫ʱʱĻǮ޽ô󳼸Щǧš
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ŮϣŮܹҷƽ
Ůϲϰ䣬ϣһտԺͽһ
ϣԺԺͽһ뽫

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ͺñ֮ǰĵ˲ѣ쵱Ľˡ
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ÿһѯʱ˵õʦãޡ
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˵ܵˣ᲻أ
գգ۾ŷ˵
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඼õ֪ԼĶʦֱ˸ץˣ϶ֺЦֺȻҹɹȥ͵͵ĺԼĶʦּһ棬ȸƣȻˡ
϶ҲǸжᣬϺþãһص飬ȻڵĸչʾԼȫѪתĴβ͡
뵽Ѿ̲סЦ˳
µߵǸϻװġʲôˡ

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֮󣬼ǻɢΨսָǲ
Ϊһ˶һš
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ʦʦദʱʦʦһִ˵׶ҲΪˡ
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ȱһչأǾžŰʮһ졣
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ԭ׷ͯյнľʣˡ
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á
ʦô˵Ǿô

ˣҲĪˣҵģһġʦҪãǸܹһߵıԺǰ;ģҲټ֮
ֻСգҪסԵ㲻Ҫκˣô
׵ģʦ
뿪֮ǰҵ
޵ÿҲƯһ顣
ⱾǷ͸Ļŷһ⡣
Ƶ飬мٿţ涼˷Ľ⣬ΪľǱɵ㲻˸ɱˡ
ԭе᲻ãкüŲ̫ÿģƯʦҲҪš
򲻹䣬ʦˡ
ָܾ֮Ѫ˦˦βͣԽ󺣣Сı˸ץˣ䡣
һΣ˸ƽ֣ɹİƯһ黻˻
ǿɰСʦãҲѾ۸ˣ
ЦãΪʲôҶʦֺòױǿˣӻǲʹأ״һʲôÿÿģ
ʷصΨʵܾʮֵ̡
֪Լõһ졣

ڡ
ЩǿĹ裬ڴһ̲Žϻӡ
ӡѾȫ⿪
Ȼڴϻӵɲǣǿɱ¾ϻĳֱӽڵĻɽ󶼸һ룬Ա߽ļȫ˻ԡ
һɱ¾֮黺»Ϊһˮ
ڿУɿ


94 
Һͷ˼ͣʮ꣬ȵǽӵԨߵϢ˵Ҫǲμӻϲķ֮ǲ̻سԨڡ
ڷʮ꣬ҺͷӹûǺС
޷ǾҸ۹ҿû¾ȥϴһҲһЩż˻ģҲᾡΪҲнύһѣȻҲΪӲö˯ĽҰ⣬ָһ˼
ȵ֪Ҫ뿪˼ʱ򣬷໹Щ᲻ãѾЩȲˡ
ȥҲãʳҲ඼ˣҲдȤǻȥûʲôµİ԰ɡһڴ
䵹ҲһԼӣԼǺջġ
㵱ȻˣҾ˹ˣôҲôĽգȻܹĵһȥ̲ס²۵ҺڿԲҵˣȻڵΪĿס
÷ǿŽ֮󣬷ͻܹԸˡ
Ҳ˵ȵص磬ԲܵԼΪһߵ˼ˡ
ȻȫʢʱڻǲܱȣϾ齣ء
Ȼȥ֮Ҳúúý֮ǰķϵĽˡǰҴԤ룬һΣҲô͵ȥˡʮ꣬ÿһʱĽԲС
ǰСһԲԼԼҪħˡ
졣
ҵΪʲôȥҽѵΪ˸ԼһʦÿʮĸСʱԼ
вУԲС
ʶĽֲֿδԺҡγȥ
һа취ġ
ôѵԸСһһ
һڷҲû˿ãҲѧϰһЩ˲㼼Ȼ˳ԨھͿԺúʩչʩչˡ
һܹСһݺݵĸһʲôһħһɡ
˵
˼ʰһ¶̻ܿ˳Ԩڡ
ԨߣΪͻϲڽͬ˵Եʣ԰÷һεķҲǾľϻϲڱһθüһͻϲйĸŸħǱҲϢ˵μһεķ䡣
ԳԨ˵ҲһϢ
Ͼ˶֪ϲڶ겻ˣһλϲںͳԨڽ֮ʹôõϢ˶ܾζһֿˡ
ԨڣȻзط
޺
ûϲھȻҲܴħ䣬ʼеӷô
ﲻǲţ෴Ƕ֮˵ŵĺܡԨ˺ãܹǣȻͻƫ
ʱôһЩ΢ܹóԨռݼơ
˼ǣ÷һεķ䲢ûѡڳԨڻ߻ϲڣѡһİĵطð÷ԼĻ˵ȻҲӦһҪˣҶκξûʲô
Ͼ׼ˡ
Ȼˣ÷ЩҲûټЩͬҪȴʿǡ
Ҳûв˽˼ֱ˵Լ֮¡
Ҳнļ˵һֻ˷ҵİˡ
òٴʿԻ֮ȴ
ֻ÷˵𣬾֪֣֮µǵΪ֮ԼΪǻۺѧʶ鶼ҪʧһɶǾʹȫɿص״̬ˣ׶֪Լ˭ѹأҲÿ˶뷨ȥһġ
÷Ծڴˣûж˵̫ࡣ
ڷǰϦһ֮͡
ܳϵİϲڵһϹĽݵ÷С
÷ǰʱѾأ񼴽ֱӴ˻ϲڶħ䣬Ǵﵽ۷塣ϲӿŰ÷ͿһֿҲûʲôˡ
ԭǹˡ÷ЦЦɡ
̤붴ʱ򣬼ľѾԲϿʼһ˿İ÷

İ÷ûжôɲƣͷʱû̫
Ȼȴֻ֪Ǽѡ
ڷʱͬΪڵѹŰ÷򣬵ص磬ڵǲܻһ˶ֵġ
ļļȻȻ׼ġ
ĵ˰ģ÷Ȼܶʲô
ܳϣȻǲʮ겻¼棬ƺҲЩˡ÷ģЦʺһ䣬ֵ͹٣
ҡĻ˸ŵţвµҵ?
ܳ˵Цˡ÷شܳ㣬츳׿֮ˣ뷨ô֪
˲˵ó÷ķ֮⣬ûож
ǰ÷ԺĶҪð÷ǲҪˡ
ȥҵԣҶľʵֱ͡Բڷ仯֮ʱҲܻɹΪҿ֮죬˼ҲδáܻɹŬ߷Ͱˡ
õʧΪҹأԸһء÷赭дĻشҵȷ˰ɹǳɹʲôʱֻʹ̲ʽˣ
磬˹ʲôֻʲôĽ
ħ޻ޣֻҪܷǱĶ
еĻ£ɺ¡
ĸǻֵס
ǰȷ˹ˡЦһһνط౻ķҾ֪ܻɹҲûԵɡ룬һ˵ǲô˵ġ
÷ֻǸһ˿Ц
ˣ˲ô
Щûз֮ǰѵͱ˵ǱԼҪĶࡣ
ռıˣϰˡ
ǧǰڴ˷ҲвٽЧ·࣬ͼʧܸգû䣬ϳԨڿĽһЩۼĨȥҲ𽥱ûҶ֪಻Ҳ䡣ǧ꣬ϵ˵ܳʱ䡣
˻Ѿ﷢飬ϵ˲ǡ
÷ѡ￪䣬һֱע½˵Ǿȫˡ
ʲôɷб࿴Ҳš÷ʱ¶һĿҵɽ磬бΪңǱһû£߾ͿˡߣһϲǰҲвҷɽ磬ǹ¼ҹˡ
ϲڵʷЩ֮ҪõĶࡣ
ϵǣ治ô⡣
ǹģΣ
ȻЩ˾͸úúõĵԼɣͼ½֮£Ϊ֪ûʰǣһֱʰǡڵ˵Ǻɽ˵㻯ҵҪ֪ԸԸĵ㻯ɣ
ȻԸƽ͵˵ֻһ¶ѡɹƭңõĸͲǽĸڵɽͷƽһҺЩˡȻһҲμķ䡣ͬңҲõϢϵ˻֡
ƽʱȻֱӶ֡ɵ֮ʱֽ֮ݣȫ϶֡Ӱ̫һҲͬԳԨڳ֡һĮĵı飬Ȿغõܶ˸ɾҪʲôȰת泤Ԩڣ˲䣬ûԶһЩ
ǲǴ
£ǸıġҲֻ֪֪ǶԽʮֿأԶԶعڡ֪ٶıὣʧܣȻǱ̬ȣҲǳͷ޸Լơֱͦ壬ҲϣԸһݺݵĽѵⲻζҪȥ
÷ĬһڵˣΪҪ˵Щ
ȥεȻž̫ˣֻ㡣˵ֻǲҪڳΪ˵ӰˡҲ֪ὣΪʲô룬һܹ㹻вǵĴڣǲ¡ô룬ҲϣǺ˵Ķܡ
ԾڴˣúÿһѾ˵Ҫ˵Ļͣ˵ˡ
˳֣룬ҷӲԼѡַ÷˵룬Ҳϣġ
ǳԨڵεȻֻǽŽķǰ
ֻῪģֻᾪϲ
ޣƴľһһǰ
ǴηκǿС
֪Ϣ֮Ҫ
ǧĶԹ𣬾㲻ʱһϣҲҪյϢɣ
Һͷ˸ջصԨڣûüεȻ㱨һ¾幤Ѿӵ˰÷ĴѶ
Ҳ֪ڷϣ˿ֵܻϢ
ʶľͳŷ࿴˹ȥ
ྲĻعͷ
ҶҶһŬԼվֱ˶ˣбܶĵģ˰ײο㱾
Ҿ֧㣬ùһֱЩ˻صǵĹȥ


95 
ܼʿ׶֮ء
ȥЩյĴ֮⣬ͬҲвٴֵҲ
ϲ£ǧĿǰһʢ¡
˶֪ϲ࣬һķüжһ³ˬڷʱʱܿЩǳûЩǶǴ̵õ壬ǼĿǰѧϰ޵Ľʱ㣬ǷųźţⷽԲĽ޶Ӫȡ
ȻˣʿȻò˼ĻΪԼǡ
һλϲͷ˶˹вЩԺյĴܡЩƽҲֻһȴ˵ܹԿһۡһ˵ʿڷ֮ǰѿһ۵ᣬ˵Լ޵ĵáڲʿ˵һαҪľ飬ԴӸϾԼһЩзʽ
ɢ޶ԣǱҪϹԭ
ټһλϲ˺ħ˾͸ˡ
ҺͷԭˣܵʱϵҪʲôǶǵóԸ򣬶еˮաȻȵ򣬲ŷǵĵе̫ˡ
÷ǻϲӾǴ
ʲôڡɽڵĴһѣлвɢɼȻûгǿϢȴӡ̡
ݵĻ²ȫ缶Ĵм᣿
Щǵ棬˭ûмģϳط˻Ҫ֣Ǿ͵½ʿǰ˺ˡ
ô˵Ͻ˺½ʿ˵ǲֹĽģԹĬϹ򡣷Ҳζ½Ѷϣ½󱲷ˣһν֮顣ǻͼԼӰ½Ǿ;ԲС
飬ֻʿԼ
ʱҺͷһʱҲ˲ôࡣ
ǱְݷõӸסˡ
ǰľҵʵѾǰΪĬĬˣ෴ҲǸˡ
˭֪ǲ״ӣ˭ֲ֪Σյʱ򣬿ǲһͬ־ȵģһڵʿΪңڶѾҲˡ
ӿµǣǰӣõľ˵˻ȥģϢ˵λľǵңԲŻᱻԨڵĽ˶ϲڸˡ
ѾвʿΪҪôǳԨεȻ˽ŮҪôǳԨĳλתԲĴ
ˣȵһ¶棬̾аӿ롣
ҶҪλ˵е֮ŮǸʲôĻɫ
ŶһᣬǵҺͷһκɱЩ°Ů޵¯ħôǸʱΪ˵͵ҲΪԱͽûȥá˭ɱЩħҲͳΪ˲֮աʽ֮󣬴ҾĬˡ
ţɱǵ˾ҡ
ϾǸʱҲˣӵʿѾȷ˵Լˡ
Ǿֻˡ
ȻֵҲȷңûԼķʽడ
Щ˸ϽɣֱӶֲҪˡҿôһСɽİأ綼ڴ˿̮

Щһﶼ˵ʲô
ҶѾô͵ˣǾȻܸҷɢô֪֪Щ̰ǿ̵İ
ڿ֣Ҫ
ּһдŶĽѾãϣܹһ۵
ּһдԼõĳϣ͹⡣
ߣֱ˵ԼһԶŮ귽ˣǳڣϣҿԼһ

ۡ࿴ſţɵЦ
㻹ЦȻЦ಻ЦãһЦҵǻŭ̾˷йĵطҪ㣬һôô
ɱЩħ޵ˣǷࡣ
εȻ֮ԼҲΪࡣ
ıˣǶǰ÷ֺðɡ
ΪʲôЩ鶼ѹԼͷϣ
Ѿ󣬵ȵԼԺȥʱʱľͻҪԼһܵĳˡ
ҪǴˣãľͲԼԨڵ
ҪǴӮˣͻԴԴϵʿǰ
ҪҪˣֻҪ°֮һԼĿСӣ㶼ĪļҪİడ
һа취ġ
ԲҪƾЩԼȥ
ҾҲȫҵԭ򡣡ĸԼ粵һ䡣
ԭ򡣡˵ҿϴˣֳҶǲɵġ
ӣϽһ⣬ף㿴İµ֡彣ʥǵİϽ
̽ͷȿµġ
ţҪǸСӡ
µİ϶һѷϻҪǳЦӶࡣҿ۾ͽİˣǺա
彣ʥǵİԵˡ
˵Ҫټһ档
ȥôҿ˵Ҳͽܵİˣ˵ùһʦ档
ͷϴκҾ֪ϲȻⷢ϶Ҫ¡
Уװİһ£ٳšҷֵء
Ҿãڴˡ˵
ʡ²鷳
ֻҪһֱܻᱻϳġ룬Ҳõıİ취Ͻ飬˼ʮ꣬ûٺ˶֣ѾԲ档ôǲҲӦԼȥˣ
Ҫ뿪ңǲбĹˣ⻰̸оΣһ
ʲô
˼㿴ϱĽ޶ԲԣҲģ϶ǿϱĽˣȻϰҴˣ㿴˭ˣǲǴʦַӣ㿴һϣúжԲԡ
ⶼʲôʲô
˶ɵˡ
ûС
ţ֪㲻ңͷҲСϸ˷һۣû˵ѣҲһ㣬ɱˣԼġҪҵеĽûǮʱأǸʱҪ뿪ңһǰ׼Ҫ߿ɲС
ֻǾãӦҪԼܡε˵ôһ䣬ʱĲһ䣬Ҳ뿪ġ
ΪʲôҪܣҾãҴܻͦģͬȼʿҲ˵޵ְɣܹǰȻˣʦ̬߱⣬ҲƽֵϵˮƽԴʮֵһ֡ҺʵѵΪ˴ܣҴԽҴܵ˾ֻԽòá
Щ
а취룬ֹͣ˸Լװİ뷨ˣװˣҪһ⡣
Щ⡣
ȽһھҪһ·ߵȥ˵
಻ҲҪ֪ҵǸʲô뷨ܿͻص˹һ֮С
ˣСһҪĺ˴ˣܵʱ㵽еʱﲻʵ
룬ǸһصĴ𰸣ǺͬΪĳʿԼΪĶ㡣
һӣרȥҵͼʿŰˡ
Сһ˲٣֪ҪˡЦЦҲϣĶͬȼʿء
ҴŹһҡڵĳȥˡ
һ·ϣԨвʿṧĺһʦ㡣
ҲȫȻǻ¡
Ҹϴ֣ϳ
ң\'
һʱ֮䣬Χʿˢˢӿ˹һ˫˫۾ȫڶ
е㵱èοΧ۵ζˡ
ǿ󣬰ҲηĿ⡣
ߡ
Ȼҳûµġ
㣬ҡ
ȷ
ȵȡ¼ʱֹʱȥɲãǿûУöʿˡ
ǲǸӦҪָӣ
Ҫӣ˵˼ĿǹһЩʿһġ
Ҫ£ҪľǳԨڡ
һǿǴ˵нĽ
Ҳڴһ֪ҵĵϸѣҪ֪ˣΧҵˣ˵ҲҪʮǲŽд粽У
彣ڵӣҪ׵Ѻúֽֽ̡վģȻǳԨڵ϶ͷ
ԨиѾýǶĵˣû뵽ðһ
彣ڳһһʦ㣬˵ķͷȫˡ
ԨںͻϲڽˣϲҪ䣬ӰĲǱˣ彣ڡ
ɶ񣬳ԨھȻ͵͵ĸˣ
û뵽ôˡ
ܺá
ǶԼҹ˾ģֱزġ
Ҫֽ̣ԡұŹһǰ彣ڵӣ赭дĻشֻˣùҵĽķʢ󣬶һηҪķҴʯϾҵĽǹŽĿǰ޸޸齣ļ۸Ҳ
彣ڵĽȻ
ΪɶΪά̫
ʲô˼彣ڵ޲Ǻ⣬ѵΪԭڴ֮ͥ£Ҫܾ룬Ҫһͷڹô
ҪôһԨڵĽǶóˡ
ҵ˼ܼ򵥡΢ЦǶӮˣ鷳㱨һ齣ά޵ķáҪˣҾԼеά޵ķãǿԵİɡ
ҵָùһĽʡ
˿ѾҵĴ㡣
һʱͷǡ֡ǡȻܹ顱
ĺܲҪ
ͬʱҲѾס˽ǵ
ˡ
Լܲܵڲӡ
Ҫϵġ
ҵ˵棬γһʱ򣬹һĽȫõһ״̬
ΧĽǲɵĵһ
еҲͰˣеĽ޿ĽʶľͿʼΪɰˡ
⽣һҪϰ
Ӯ˿νҪǴˣάôһѽֻȥˡ
ǽޣҲûʲôҪۡ


96 
ۣû뵽ַʶˡԱһŮӵڴҶĬʱ
˭󡭡ʦ㣿彣ڵӱҪһٵ˭ʱתͷȴԼҵĴʦһһ
ʦ㣬㵽һߵģҧгݵ
ҿǵĵ˰
ȣֻǾã취ͦõġһһЩƮ
ԣԺҲҪô档
ɱһĽ޸ΪĽ൱൱ܳԡ
ߣʦͱˡȲɵȥս㣬ξɵӣҪ֮ǾԶˡ
һһ⣬ľŽһѽްԼҵĽûܳԡ
һһΪ彣ڵĴʦ㣬ͷĴڣʵʲôӣ彣ڲϸԼҳɫĵ棬ʵǲιȥʯһһ˲ܹ⣬ɽɽҲôۡ
Ҫʶ׵ͺˡһһҵʮֵź
˶Ǯ
ʦ㡣ҶһһĹ۸кܲҲƵĳ򵥵˸񣬡ֻŽòײ޸ãսңұǼʯҲ޸ԣҲ˵ˣֻд˵˲Ҫе齣ά޷ãӮĲá˶ԼģҾҲǿһսġǽޣѵʲôɾµô
еġ

ٽԼ齣ٿһõķ·ʱҪ۶ϵ齣һʱЩԥ
һңǵ̾ˡ
ҪǴˣǺ
ٽԥ֮ʱһ˳
ҶһǸˡ
ؽɡ
ڵһҵ˶룬ǹڣ¶˰ķ£ؽǰߴ˲١
﷢ˡ
ȻֻԪӤΪȲ׵츳׿ҲҪ׵ѱһɿͿĶ˵׵Ѹӣָһ
ţӦ淢ˡ
Į뵽Щҵ˲аǷɿǣǾȻܷηɻô⣿ֲԽԽ䣬ûԭġ
ǰɶǲôӵģֻǵڽﱻҰһȵټԷѾȵΪǵø죬³ɺ޼Ȼ׷Źᡣ
аҲ۸㣬һὫΪԪӤں򡣡ЦӣӦҲһά޷ѡ
л׵ѡɽؽԳһ͵𽣣˫ֽսͶ˹ȥ
ڽԼֻǴ˶ѡ
ƽЩɵĵӣֲ֪ΪʲôԭͷġΪܹõʱյĵλ֪˶٣Ǹ˴鷳ˡ
ǲܽҴܣһӶҪִڴˡ
СһӮ˵ĻǵÿҪαװĵλһ㡣ֻǼ򵥸ഫ˸ѶӭѶϡ
ȻӦ
ҲҪҵĽû衣
ʱҲãȵԹߵĽǶ˶ʱ򣬷һ˿΢
ҵĽеȫ
Լ̵ҵĽýʱ򣬸ӵ
ұûʲôһҪʹõ뷨ġ
Ϸľ黹пӾľ鶼ڸʤУһҪ䲻ķš
ƽĶۣɵĽܲ
ܹ˿أɲֻΪԼ߶ѣĻǷϧ֮ģļ츳˷Ѷѡ
ÿŷණܣͱ˵ĶսûǧҲа˰ٴΡһ·Һͷ˶ϵģԶԼΪȼĵˡ
񣬷ɵΪһҪ͡
Ѿʶսô໹ĽҿԵЩ©ٳˡ
ôģôҶ
ʦ㣬⿴ƺе㲻԰彣ڵĵӳһһչȥôоƺ˷ɵÿһ·
ߵؽ֮·޴ལ޽һֱ۶Ҫķ飬ֻһõĽܹĵжɵȻٻػ
㱾ңο˼ҵս֮С
Ѳɱȱ˶೤˼ʮ˫۾ɣ
ⳡ̫ˡһһ̾мӵĿҵķ򣬡ֲϴμӣ˵Ԩһֻһҡ
Щ˵츳ɳĽӣôҲ޷εġ
ң̫ˡ
ɲܽŬ
Ȼٺãֻһһ۵ĽԼĽó׾ͻᱻ˲µһСˣܽԼеĶãΪԼҪȥԼһЩʵս顣ʵս֮УɲĽһ顣
ˣòͬĽдƵ˵ķöԷԼĽУƽԷĹⶼҪϵʵսϵѧϰܴɵġ
Ȼ츳Ҳȱ١
޵Ǻܲпġ
͵ȽޣŬܷ
еȽޣҪƽֵ츳ͲϵŬʱĴĥԼһϯ֮ء
⽣ޣŬ˴Ҫ齣Ƿн飬ĽǷڸ߼У㱾˵ͽǷ֮ʣЩҪġ
ʦ㣬ô־Լ磿
ֻʵʵ˵ˡһһ̾˿㿴Űɣòһʱ䣬ⳡԾͲԽˡ
һһˣڰ۲ҵĴǼˡ
ʣ˾ȻûнΪôһ΢΢Цŵ٩οôһѽ
˵彣ʥǡ
һǳԨڵεȻ
彣ʥεȻȻɳǰȥӴ¹壬ȻҪԼǰǹ
ֻûԵ֡ϾҳԨڵӣҵͽֻʦܵͽܶһġߣʥǰ彣ҲǳԨڹϵǷεȻһ۾ܿϵ彣ǳǳԨڵġ
ֻ浱壬Ľص壬εȻҲ˼
ңʥҲʲôӣҪ彣嶼ҪһսΪʲôǣεȻֻܶǵĽһֻ۱һֻˡ
ſˡĿ˿Լ彣ǳԨڣڲ漰ʱʲôҪҰæȻûʲôԸġ
лʥǰεȻЦæȻ
ٶȻصߡ
Ѿȫ˷ɵĽ·
ңҲŷɾ˺һܲڳԼʮ֮ھͽս֮ĳ
ҲҪɵġ
ҪӮ̫죬׼˵ĺʤģһҲ
ҪӮ̫ѣ˾òˣʱһһսҪš
ԣҲŻŷɱôá
˲֪ȴܹ׵ġҷвٴλǰսȴƫƫûй
ЩɵĵӵģǶ
ƲôΪҳ΢ҵŬǿֵһᡣֿɵõĶҪŬܵģҵԭ򣿡ɵ
ˡƽĻشΪŬҲһ츳ÿ˶һֱŬǣΪŬ˾ҪΪŬ·ЩҵˣΪ˭;䣿ҹλصʱѵûһ˿һô
ֲŪģԼʵˣ˭
ԣʵңҲֲҡ۾һ䣬еĽȻһס
ġסһ
żȻóһн
ûüȡ֣Ҳֻǰóһζѡ
ȻѾõо衣
Ľͺָһɲ֮ƺǧӰ
ÿһӰ֮ϣƺŲͬĽ⡣
һʱ֮䣬·֮ĹԶһѽϡ
ա
ֻԼƺһ޴Ļ
һѽ۶ɵĽ
ʶὣҪֿؽڵֵ˲䱻ֱӷֳΡ
ǲ
ء
ǰǳ˺ЩݺύĽۡ
ɴӿصĵ˵ϣƺȫûзӦԼΪʲôˡ
۾ֻϷҵӰ
ôĮôĸ߲ʡ
ͺɨһֻ΢һ㡣
Сһ㡣ҿޱ飬ʵѾԺﰵĴߴٷˡ
֪ˡ౾ҪһһõúãûгھͱҴߴ١
ֻŬŬٿŹһĽ¶һѷ졣
۷ѡ
ϧҵĽҿϵȱڣ£ʮƷʯһ㣬ƷʯС
ԭڵأѾˡ
ô˵иǱʮ㣬ֱ³˼Ѫ
Ʒʯôȥ
ԾԼѾҪĺܱˣ⻹ܾǰڲ޽ʱļ۸ˣڣôһСǮ
׬㻨ǮѣҪʨӴ󿪿ˣЩƶĽͬΪ˶ծҪܡ
һһԹĳɨ˹
⣬һܾ׬ƷʯҲ̫˼˰ɡ


97 
һһսˡ
Ȼܳķʽеͱ˲һ
Ч
ɵʱǱĽƷʯ֮æܵӰ˲Χ۵ĽУһʱ֮䣬Ƕ
Ҫ᲻٣ԣӦ˵ҸоԼĽΪóȻսҲֻܵ³ѡ
һ
ÿյİֱ߼١
ǲٳԨڵͬʦǷ׷ױʾźΪҴһηƵĺûᡣǵѧԺҲôһַʽȥ˴ܡ
޷¸ףҲûа취
пеʱȥ彣ʥǡ
ڽӵǰʱҾ֪˼ҪĲǷࡣڼ֮ˬľ÷ӹһˡ
ҲƵǷǵĵһʽ档
һνֵʱǻҲûһж硣
˼棬ûж˵ʲô淴Ĭ
ҵԺѾԶΪǲȫ˸ֵ˺
һǰǱӣҺͷ¡
ΪҾģָһӵĲ߹ţұ֤ЩһҲȵʳ¥ԵĲ
彣ʥ־Ǵ󷽡
ҵԱǺͷҪʲôȫ⡣
Сѵ񵭡Цſ˼䣬ϴμֻǽΪ̶ʮزѾǳʿˡͽܾʮֵĲڻԪӤǻ
ǿͽܣȻǱ۸İҹ
ҲҺһûнҹȻҹұԼΣҪһƤëҪȥ
ѣ˿лֱ˵еɸֵĶһۣͲܼúõһģҲ߿ô
βһҲڼֲиҪܷ
ҾҲ̫ԶˡĿŷ˵μһεķ䣬ҲҪûҪעĶ
ϲء
Ҳ֪δܹɹǰڰ֣Թ彣ܹ޼ˡңҲǺͰһǻضҪ׽ٺħ٣ȫȹܷ֮ɹ
룬ԸµĽӦ׽ٲǡ
ԼҲһ˵׽ٲ̫ѣǵĽ裬Ҫȹ׽ٲѡ
׽ٲ£ħѹʧЦѣδϣڷɽ֮ǰǷծ塣
ƺеµҪ˵ʲôˣҲ׶ԷΪλʱҪԼˡ
ҵܹ̤뽣齣Ķ˾ǽĶԣҲҪ룬һ㣬ǰӦ֪
ڷһ棬ʶʧ֮彣Ҳͬ˷ӦǺͽһͬȻ
ǽԼ彣˳
ʶѽѽ˲ٹרȥѰ
ʱܿģԸѽȡһ֡
Ϊõѽֵ֮ø˵һ顣
һҲǣûɽ֮һֱ
ֻ𽥻ѪսԽԽ࣬һֽվһδε֮кĹѾ޷ֽ״ֻ̬ܽ·Ե½ѡҲ֪ȵԼĽٶȳֵʱҲѾǸʶĽˡ
һֽӽг֣ŷ࣬Щġ
ûͦġڿһӣ䲻ĿôһС֣ѿڶ
鿴СŰ汾
ˡ
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ˣҾеϤ벻˭һֽ鿴ŷʵô
ǵģȻȥúϢɡ˵
һֽ˵ͷ»ص˽֮С
ҲЩĿ
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಻ڣôһȻǽʵˡ
ôҪҲֻܰ²ᡣ
أǵԥ
˵һεķϣԳԨڡ˵ѾԼȫ˵˳ҼȻٳǰֻٳԨڣֱֻӳһǰʲô飬ҪȥģֻҪ˵һ߾ȫ쵽
ʥǲװҸ̾ѵ
ɼǷʲôãǲǷ顣
ҪܹҵҲͰˣڻˣǾֻĴҰ취Ŭһˡ
ɴ˿ɼһϻǱִúܶġ
ִᣬǷծĲǴү
ǵĻֿ֮˿Ա߳ԵĲֺңﶸȻð뷨ǡҪҳײҪ㣡
Ȼûн˵
Ͼ飬ͲҪȥΪˡҪô˵ǿⱲӶɽٳɹˣ˽ڽ

Ҫ֪ͽĽô䵽ȥġĬһ˵һܹ֪ܶѾû֤ݵ顣
һ㶣û뵽
ϸ룬ƺҲӦ
ӦǷļͽһһ飬ƫƫôһ䵽ڵ
£ȥʱˣûм֪ǳ̾һϣȥ֮⣬ˣҲѾ֪ˡҵҲڲ̽Ϣ֮ʱǡһŻ֪ľΪʱǻѪҺųɹΡ
ϸ䡱֣ɫѿ
Ҳֹͣ˳ԶΣ
ˣ޷
Сһ顣
Сһôܾ֮ԼСһЩͽҲѡȻǲʶѾСһĿӸĹﶼ֪ǵĴڡ
һһʻ
գӦǽûʲôڸеĵӡ治ͬĴƺľͱˡ룬ѪϵǺĿŷ࣬ѪҺȻԻΣֱδš
ϣȢһˡ໺λ˾˵Ϲĺᣬ֪ζ׹뷲䡣壬Ϊ̳λ˵Ѫ֮żҲּļ̳ĳЩ֮һѪҺ̺ŲڼƷʯ˾һƶʯ󡣡
ԣյĸĸ֮ʣŵĲǺԼһѪΪǵԼһֱػŵܻᱻ˷֡ʱսӭһҵδǣǽи˷࣬ϣԽԼĶΪͽܡ
Ϊ֪˵ϻһܹյʣܹһֱõ˵Ļ˾ֻǷˡ
֪£û
սӻʱ֪ӵķأһ֫ӴͻµķˣҲװ֪һĽͽһԴ
飬һѪʯͽҲûʲô˲á
ֻҪͶԴһˡ
޶ٻеѶȣҪȥ壬ҪղѪ⻹ף
ֲáǲ꣬ʣԭˡ
һʱͻȻ伣ԭҲںΪʲôŲ鵽һжйءҺòҵǿŻǻΪյѪһֱڰոڣǿŻԪʱ򣬰æ֮ǰµ󷨡
ʲô󷨣ͬʵ
˶䣬ƫƫвٵˣǵҲҪ뵽һɡǸʱѡеľҲΪڡǻǰ֮ǰϸϸǸʱڼҴҵ󣬸ܽҵ˴ڵƺһֱѰҽǡãվǷĵ֮һＫпӵн
ҵ֪ûа취ǹϵһաǼƺʲôĹޱȣƭգ˵ڼ֮ҵһܹͨߵĽϣܹսн
ԭǲŵġ
Ĵڣһһ߸ʡ
ôܹʵļ壬ΪϵԭһЩ˸޷Ҳǲܵġ
֪ȥ˿ܻһȥأջҪȥˡ
ǹǰǴԼͽͽһȥġ
Ϊܹ֤ԼİȫܽǸ
Զ׼ģʧˡ
˺ˡ
ĵӣôùƵɱ֣
˵տԼĵӱնɱĽҲߡˣ֮ʣɢԼһѪҺʮΪΡԪ֮ҲƵֻǣܰһּ᲻ɴݵ䡣
䣬Щ߰ʱŰæʵʩϡҲûеӵãǱն;ԶСõڣҲûкõȥЩǰԸʬһСС֮Сû֮󣬺ڵ϶ΪһҲ˵ڵѾ׵׵Ⱦˡ
˵̲ס̵Ц˳ڵڶ֪ԼһôĶ֡


98 
÷ķɵڽš
Ҳȸһְæдʲôġ
ҪƹƲ
Ϊǳƹҵҡ
һô꣬ûмȳƻ߶߶ˡΪ˱ԼĶ䱻ݲУֻܹԹԵĴӦæڳƶҲ֪ҵԸ񣬲ϲڵĴ˴֣һ˹ԭЩʲԸ뷨ʧˡ
ٺ٣ԼһɻǾͲǸɻˣۡ
ıͶˣҲ˲ˡ
ǰ;ͻϲڽõ˺ʦǣ֮󻹺˸к
֪Ҳʶ˲ˡ
˵һսҡӣСܹѰҵʱЦʮֵĲ⣬˶֪Ҫܣ͵׼Ʒʯбҵͳʿ˵ˣ˼ǣЩҪܵĽǣȴ˵ҪģǴܾЩѡ
ǵȻϾҵİ취֮ǹޣȻ˵գգ޹۾ϾǱȲһ޶͡
ʦҲˡСԱ߷̵ұҪѡһ£Ը⣬ӻˣں㻨Ǯͣˣǰ컹ҽǮء
ǵǵģԼǰЩȥ˻ǮءҲһ졣СҲ䡣
µˡ
ôڽҶ̵
Ҳû취ҪǴӦԷҵ£ұ֤һ˫޴һ졣
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˵ˣĶСģԾԲжġ
ǼСһΣǿ϶ǲһľˣЩӹ֬׷ۣſϡ
΢ЦźãָһŴȥдĿˡ
ǷӣƺЩĲɵӣѯüΡ̫ˣҲԻȥúϢϢôżĹ
˿Ҳͷ٣׼ȥˡ
ʵɶ⣬ҪСһ
֮󣬷ٶеƲ֡
֪Сһġ
Ȼ˵ļ򵥣жңҲĵʵֻӲ
Сһеĵ֮Уȥ֮⣬ܹ˵ʵʣȻûһţѡԼϲķʽ䡣ΨգСһ˵һֱ͸ӣȴû뵽ֻӵΪңҲɵġ
ʲôĽһ֪ǼٵģɵӶš
ӵʣܹһֱڷĻ»ôԲǸɵӡƫƫȴΪôһ翵ĿǰȥԼΪʲô⻹õ˵ô
ܶʱҪûЩɵӣǸñöô԰Ȥ
Ȩף˶ᡣ
ÿ˶ֵôɵ˺¡
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ҲҪЩһӭӿֲĽ֡
ڵɽϣӶڼȡСһȾôЩڵĵӷأ
ԭڵİ䲻飬ͬʱҲΪ
ܣѾյ˵֪֮Уûһǣ˵֪ࡣ
ǵʦ޲ֱӰźãôࣿ
룬ҲǷ
Сһ֮һֱڹһҲô
Ҳ֪ҪһЩʱƽһֱҲûȥǽСһڶ侲侲ƽ֮Լٻ
Ͼĳ֣СһҪԼǸȥء
Сһ㵱ˣô£˳Ĭ̲֮סƳĬѯʵʲôޣ㣿
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Ȼһ˵ˣΪʲôҪôŬĶԸСһ
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һʱϡ
εȺݶ
ԷСһ
СһĵǸСһϽĿԼĵΪ˱ԼԨڲڣСһԸٺãҲҪƵĺڻ˵ҪɶɣĴ׷ɱ
ܹôԸ㣬ԷĵλӦúܸ߰ɣôᡭ
ҷ֮ǰΨһһɱ¾Ľޡشֻ֪һ㣬ϣǶΪ
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Ϊ˺ʿ֮ϣԷ֮·ء
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Ϊ񽣵ټΣҲעΪݡ
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ȵٴѹѾȴǰΪԼǹһ飬Ȼһ߳˽ڣ
Ǹʱڤڤ֮УһڸһֱڱԸˣ
֮ԶԸԼΪԼһҲɱ¾Ľ޷
ƺ׽һ㶫
ǵãǰ˵Сһɱ¾ΪӽԴĵ
Ҳǽڴ޵ͳ֮ʱһĽ
ҲΪԹܹɱ¾Ľ޼Сһг֮󣬲űԶһ㽣ǵʵŻᱻΪ
һֱûʽ²ˣҪͽĻֻпܴɱ¾Ľ֮ѡ
Сһ֮ǰҲôһޣеɱ¾ѷĻ
Ƕ˶ԣСһȫа
ϾСһ츳˶üǷɹǸ޵λûܲȣǾͲһˡ
ΪƷǡ
Ψɱ¾ˣҲ˵֮Ǵ໥ȡĿܵġ㻹͸ᣬ¸࣬츳ߣֲ˼ҿĹľҪ㡣Լȡ±һУѿڶ
ִᣬв쵼Ǻ¶Լвĺ֮ðͷģǻ᲻ϵȥѹЩˡ
ǵЩ˻ͬһ͵ʱǾ͸Ǵѹ޼ɵˡ
ִᣬֻΪһְλͬһ͵Ĵ˶ụοߣͬһĽޣ
һСһɹ²ԼϵıԼҫλֻνĿأͳͳҪˡ
ʿ˵ǱҪֲĳͷ
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ֳԹǱ֮ɱ֮Ҫֲ
Сһ֮䣬עֻܻһ
Ҵûмٶǿһ㣬ҼһҴûʲôҡ
Сһⲻ⣬ǵһ֮ǾͻʶĽȽϣǽ滹ϵˣǶ᱾ȥѡԼ۱ȵĴڡҡҡͷ˷ĻǺε飬һֿȡԼĴڣôԼҪˡǰְʱ򣬿ְҲ൱ĿֲѾҪͿԲģԼСһôܻأ
˵ĵطо
ڸ涼ʮһµʱ򣬾עֻиһ¡
˵ˣԴֻôࡣ
Ҳִ֮ԻǸӵĸԭ
㲻Ҫ㡣
ᶼγôһַЩҪ˳־ˣᱻ˿
ǰҲǾģֻǾһΣףʲôûԼɹ
磬ǾĶͲֻһݹˡ
ԣСһǸĶԹǲܽÿġ
Ȼ׵ضСһǸĻСһʲôǸƷˣǣܶʱ˵ĲŻ͸˵Ʒȫҹġ
ֻܳĬ
ҵ˼
СһģһӮġҶŷ˵ԸԸ⣬עֻܻһô㣬㶼û䣬ԺҲһ䡣ţһ죬λҲһ˺㻥ྺĻ㲻ʲôǸˣ㹫ƽ
࿴ЦôңԺҲġ
һ˾ô䣬ǲġն˵Ƿ࣬Բһ
࿴ҼᶨӣҲЩůġ
ʵҪúܶࡣ
֪ʲôÿҲҪľ֮ʱǻһѡ
ǰͽܡ
ڣҡ
ֻҪǻڣʲô飬Ȼã仹õġ


99 
䵱죬÷ľѾ׼
˹һ֮Уһ˲ŵλá
λѾ൱ˣϾҲһҲǲ״ӣа÷ϣҴŻ
ǰҪôǴڶɽĴܣҪôǸŸɵˣҲǰ棬һ˿ɲ岻ȥ
ʼǰ÷۵ᡣ
÷۵̸ᣬһԼʼĵá޵֮;ͬ飬ͳһҲܴл档ҲʿŷԭҪǻִǲ͵ŵĴţϹΣǲһλã
Ȼˣһû˯

ǰţΣһСʱͰһ죬˫ֳſԼƤܱ֤ԼֱĿ֮˯ȥ
Ҫ˯ȥĻ϶Ҫųͷġ
ΪתԼעֻû¾ȥΧʿ
һǱ߶ǴܣͲˣЩܻΪԼǲ̽ءǺһڵŵˣԿ
ȤǣҲڵš
ҲµĴԹֱۣ׳
ҵǡúĶϣЩӡ
˵ģĲڵˣûжֵĻʵܸôһͬΪڡڷʱǵĹϵҲĺܺá
ϧŪˣƫƫǵжӪġ

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֮⣬˶൱൱ŬΡ
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΢ɲ̾˿ֻýջһûһĺͷԺ졣
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úǲڰڷҪһ
ҲûаڶɽڵʿһǧһⶼûУΪɶҪôż
Ҳ⣬Ҳûиı˵뷨
ԱĿ񣬺úϢһ¡Ҹ㿴ţ˲֪ĻΪڶ򡣡һҲ֪һֱŵȷЩǿˡ
ϾҵĵͰ÷ĵȷྶͥʵȥҲûа취
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Ҳ˸Ρ
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εȻɫЩŹ֡
һǰǻһĽ
ǰ˵ʦүǸ޲׺ˣǹһҲӦ˲ǡݳ磬ֲ˹һôˡ
ԺգҪ͹һǰú˵˵а
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ҪǷ֪εȻ˿ЩʲôҪѪ
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ϵĽԽԽأѾ˲ݺӵĵز
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Ԫ棬֮ǱڤȪֻתδɻΪޣС
˿ȥڤȪôҲɺ棬ǰġμǡﻹء
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ЩңԶĺܡ
ǰҲȫĸָָ㣬ʵҪ÷ѺöĹء
ҿգͻȻ֮µı仯
վͺͻȻʲôһԭĽⶸȻΪͷ׵ϼ⣬ϼҫڵϣֻˬ

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ԺҲҪļƲźá
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100 
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֮ľεңԶȻϷ֮ʱѾңԶľһգ۾͵ǰ
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룬ڷĿ֮£˶ϵĽ˳Ԩڵɽ壬ҪǴȥô룿
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Ȼ֮һ˿ϼɢȥɽ֮Ѿȫɢ磬ٶûκι
վϿգеĹһӡÿһʿУ֮ʱҲ޷Ĩȥ


101 
ϲ÷ķôһʢ־Ļˡ
Ӱ죬ȴԶԶûͣ
彣ڵźһɳֱƤĲһҪúüʶһ¹һԼһŽѾôԨǲرҪϵɽơ
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ûϵ˶ܽԨôô
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Щɶͷģһûм˻ֱӳ嵽ҵǰ˵ġ֮ǰЩͼսҵĽޣĬĬĲ˲ͷϵĺԼӹһ١
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壿
һħ壬ħóƻģҾħ塣
λʦ֣ǱҰνŻ˼ҵġ
λ˵ǹء
ǵǵء

ţ
ﰵĵ˵ͷЩӢǶʮ㣬ȻЩȣ뻹άˮ׼
ա
㻹뿪ɡһͻȻ˵ҪʲôҪæģȥšȻǰ˼۾ݲɳӣǻɱ㡣
೯ӿ˹ȥ
ǵã֮ǰͦģôе㲻̫ʹ

⽫ԼһĽⶼ˳Ǹô
ѣҲ֪δǳԨڵģ뿪ϵЩ죬ܹ˵Ȼûϳֵù
ҡ
ѣ㲻ҪսҵˣĻ˸ͷϾѾԼĴ˵˳ҡǰģҪһκйϵġҡһزסҵԡ
ǸʵĹﰡ
һʱ
˵˸ûƤԻģҪΪƤܻǳԨڣʹشˡһĵվָ㻹뿪ҽ顣
˵⻰ʱð۾ɡ
Ϊ۾ͿԲܹƻˣôֻᱩ¶㡣
Ǹûϳôƴ˵ĻЩε˵ǵĽǰȻȥߣһ۾ϳˡ

ƵĻˢˢĳ˹ȥ
ⲻǺܺôưڰ֣ɻĶȥΣ۾ֻȫһģһҪǽǰϵ˵սľĽ⣬ϵĺܡ
˵꣬ƶŷ΢΢ֵǰ˵أ
ĵͷ
Ȼʶˡ
ܹסҵˣƵȷмˢӡȻڽ츳Ͽܾ붥ôһߣԹˣȹԺǰ;Բ
룬ǰ֮ԻûģҪǵĵġƳĳ˵ҵĵĶҲЩҡڻܹסǰʵıԶǣҵѡ
һ֮˳ɹɼǰĶʵ̫ˡͬ۾Ҳͬϲ
ʵ뵽֪Ϊʲô˻˼ˡ
ٶȳĬ
ױ˵ĻµһػضûС
ǸˣСһͳԱ߿˺ϷҴЦðͷż⣬ԭĳֻٰ࣬ǲǽڵǰ߶ѣԺϲ
ԣһСľ׻ˡ
쿴ЩӳܵӣȫӰʯˡ
һָӰʯزЦˡ
ĺЦ
ҵ졣
ȻеǻؼҪĵģ
һϣˡ
ԨЩ齣ǣʱɵĽ˷Ц
һĬĬĸСһϷ̫ˣ̫ˡǰıֱּԴһٷ֡
˵껰ԳΪ׵һɵǱ鶼޷ģˡ
ⲻܣ
оĹһǰӦúʦүһӢ䲻һܱ˵֣߰ɿе޵
ǰôһԽ˵ĶҡĴˣòȳôܻЩķڷ޲ѧϰĽǰ
֮ǰǵĵ˵ֻһɶĻôǵĵĲҡҡ׹
ǻ̫ˡྭôһϵֵֹ飬ԭҪߵ뷨Ѿȫʧˡ
һҪЩǰúûƣεԺֹˮĳ̶Ȳǡ
쿪ʼЩ˵ѵȫӱ˵һԶ֣겻ɵҾԸһ½Ŀ֮
ƵȵǸоһϤѹȸС
ָǵĽǰ
㡣תͷĶңҲҪһѵӡ
ҲУҡ
ĸʱҲĸʱѵĿ˵ĸʱͱˣұ䣬һὫΪѹƵڣҴĸʱͿ°ࡣ
ϵı齩Ӳˡ
СһǨŭǨŭ


104 
ˡ
֪СһôСӦòôӦöԶԶĲǡ
СһĸԣԼ㵽ĺǣҲҪԼһġ
Сһ˭
ࡣ
ϵ˶ͷ۵
˵ǽΪѹڳˣѹڽڣԼҪòãͲʵսԼıѪŰ
㲻רġֻɲǵķ񣬾Ѿץס
ҵٶȶһɫĵ㡣
ҵĶûõ潣潣õľ˵浶ǹˣľԷıҲ㹻ɱˡ˵ľҪȫࡣ
ľʺ֭ˮֻҪմ˾ͼΪۡ
ҺͷĶսҲܼ򵥣øֶιҵǽкͶܡϱľһ㣬ζѾȥһΡҵĿܼ򵥣ҪŬĸʱڣͷĶսҪڰٴβźá
һٴεĻʵ̫ࡣ
ȻսʱҲ֪ʲôֲ
Сһһְ
ոնһӵʱ䣬ҵѾ߰˸㡣ôȥ˵ǼĸʱˣҪһʱ
Ȼľɸоľ㵽ĵطʹʹĺԼȥ˺öһ
Сһɱ¾ʵЩ̫ˡ
Զ֪ĽʲôطƮѾ񵲣һ̣Լֱˡ
Уֻŷˡ
ôȥԼǵñСһ˲ɡϰʱ䱻еҲˣҪǱֵĲãСһĸԣ°ԺҲԲŹԼġ
ѾоΣڲƽ
ҪС
뵽ҺԥͱʽʼһǰĹȥ
Сһȷ˽ͬģСһôμܣϲĽʲôһˡݣǸƭ˵ġ
óԼϤһ׾񽣷
Сһ̻ģҲĿǰΪֹõõġ
һ׽ˮʹϽˮηƣһʱԵ׽
Ա߹۲ⳡԵڶҲɾ
ʦõĽȻǽ˾ޡ̲סԼĽҪҺúõĴһˣϧһֱûʲôʵĻᣬôĿҺ͹һǰǿս⡣
ʦҲ̫Ưˡ
һĶûУûκεĻӣÿһжǱȥġʹ֮УҲʿ˸ɴ䣬һƯĽֻΪսɱ˵ġ
ʦˣùɵҺܾǰʶʼĸˡ
˵ĶƺҪöࡣ
ȥʶļԼ˶ٽٽ湥ٽ𹥣жٽ£ٽĿꡣһ׵ĽֻΪҳЧʣױ˷Ľ
ҵһЩͳĽǿֱǽƫ棬߰㡣
ö˶˵Ľֵ䣬ȫһ׽Ľ⣬ֻ׷ЧʣǼΪ˼άʽԽµĸ˵м˵ġ
ҵĵȴǽ
ǽ޲٣ȴһҪ߽
ͺһѧĴѧһҪΪԱһ
ϵѡкܶ࣬αһѡԼأ
ֲʦܹΪһ˵·˺ܴ˵仰
ǰ
ΪСŽ³ĳԨڵ˵˭ûȥһλ˵еĽأ˭ȥڣȡʱûҪõһԼĹһȻΪһнն²ƽ¡Ľأ
һִ˵񽣣ǺͽҲͰˣȻΪƫƫѡң
˵ǶʲôֻǵĽΪѡеĲԼһ
ÿһƱˣҲ켵Ϊʲôн˲ԼԼÿһÿһڶƱƫƫвˣôһ˾һξˣȥ˵أ
ǿңԼЩֲиƱĲһȽǵĽʺһˡ
Ǻ񽥽ˡ
е汾ϵġ
еľѾûǧӰ˲䶼ӿȥ
ѱ档
ۣǿ
ʦȻõͨ齣ǹһǰľֻͨľͷȻҲõĳĽô
ôоЩӰȫģ
Զ붼ܸоһǰĿ°Ҳ֪ʵսʦοסѹģ
ѧϰĽ޵ǹԱ߿ţѾ亹ֱðˡ
⿴ʵ̫Ŵ̼ˡ
ǷûʲôڵʽͷβֻǽжѡǴ̡ЩĶȴӵž˵ƻ
ѾǵĽĿӿˡ
ˣ
ҿĽУѾµˡ
СһϲһС
ڶԵеʱ򣬶ϲһԻˣȻһĽ˸ܡ
Ѿǵһμˡ
Сһе̫Сˡ
ȴû˿ԥĽһӰλúݺݵĴ˹ȥ
Ψһʵľ
ѾľģľѾѵļ
˲Լͬͣ
Сһ㲻ˣͣЩʵ
Ѿ䤱
ʱŹȥʱѾЩ֧ˡȫͶսʵ̫Ѱˡ
оһӰҹҪۡ
ҪҪҪˡ
ҪըˣúúϢϢ
Ϣһˡཫľӵһԣղôľʵ֮ģ
ٺ٣СһԼûиоҿɼǵҷָָԼؿڴÿһһеʱ򣬽ⶼǶ˼Ŀƫֵλȥġϰߣ㲻֪ôÿһζĿˡ
ӦԿԹѧǶ֪ƵֹĿһҪѧᱳġ
ֻѧỮص㣬ٵĿߵķְ
СһһôˣսĴûһǧҲа˰٣ôܶԷĽһ׼ûأ
û뵽Լýϰ߾Ȼᱻ
Ҳе
Ķ֣һΣͻᱻܻɱϣ˭ܹһԹô֮أ
ҲֻҲºȥͳƷýϰߣȻƽˡ
ĻͶȡɡ
ģ಻ˣСܺáõĽҲؾôףжһģһģֻǱ仯ͬѡҼȻ¿ȥͳȥ²˵ĽУǾϵȻˡҪʵս飬ҪѧϰĲҲЩħ
ҾȥϢˣ̫ˡҲ˲ԼͷϵĺֱӴӴָóһŴ׼ȥúϢϢ
ǡʱѹͨѶʱ˹
ͽһѾ޸ĲˣҪҪ
̫ˣ
ҸϽܵǰ٣ʮȥһ޲ȡ
һѾôάȻͲһ˵飬ɵ顣ԸԼǮҲҪŬúȥ޲һ¹һҪҺͷвϴӦģ
𼱻ǵľͽһ˹ȥԽԵʱõķ齣ǹһ
໳ɵĿһۣԵȵ°֮ȥ
ôУ൱¡ôܷŹĴûᣬһʮҪģҵıҪǹһ޲ĲãԺסĲҲܵԺĽȰҷдѵʱʵսǹһһ޲ĲãԺرˡ
Ұڳһ㲻ȥһԺ϶Ҫ¡ļ
ԾѾ͸һС
Ҫ͵ˡ
һɣҧŲˡ
ղҲȷŬˣȷŹһҲҪģȥɣֻһ²Ϊ
õĺõģȥҵõ϶شһҲšнĽڣһξһεĽڣȽ뵽ġ
һԵľûӰ
תͷЩǰѧϰĵǡ
ǱڵֱӱоԼĻҪˡ
ÿ˶Ҵһӡ΢΢һץֱۿеˮָԼһѱĹˣͿǰ°࣬Ĳã͸һεĽ
ǣĦȭƣԾԾԵġ
ȻʦܹôʣҲһԱֵĺõġ

ҹ
˵ոѧϰĵǾȻʮҺ͹һǰʵսʮĽһθѧϰĵҲҪʦ˵˵ԼҪС
ΪǴʦ֣ûķ˰ɡ
ң˵һǰʵòµӶ쿸סˡ
ͽӵǵԹͶߣǿҪǰܹ´ߣҪٿˡ
Ȼ˺ݺݵľܾˡ
ãǺúñĥĥؿɲô˼˵ԼҪ׷ϽεȻôһظ
֪Լʦǰȥ͹һǰʱҲ˺һ
ǰĵȷ谭֮İˣҲúúŬȡϰ߲źá
һľ˳Ƶķ䡣
ʮֿõʦܣϣʦͽǰӴҪʲôɿص˼ǡ
㡭˭߽ţһ׳ͷ
ʦ֣ҡƼѵĴӴ̧ͷ˿ӣʦҩô
΢΢˶٣ľġ
תתӣ״ʦЩʲô
ʦ֣ҾòˣġָָԼʹı֤Ҹұ֤ǰѧϰĵǣԲҶԽǰһ˿һɫġ
Ѿ˵ˡ
ǸùΪڶսʱ࿴˽ǰۣڱѾҪɸʮˡ
ĽǰòǵĲȣȵĵǺͽǰԹ󣬻ܲõɡ


105 
һѧϰĵһ֮ںܿ͵ˡ
ǽӢ䲻ȫ˻Ļȥˡ
һ꣬ÿ춼Ǻͽǰʵս
һʼǰΪѹƵһǰһƬ½ǶϡţǰͽΪѹһܹӼˣǱĹǺǰҲûнΪȥȥĻǾͲôһˡ
֮У򰤵ٵҡ
ӹŹֵǣʱԽ٣ڵڶ찤ĴͻԽ٣ļֱ޷šƫƫǶۼ֤ÿһ춼нģǸӵĻ
ǳԨڵ֮ӣ
Ļô
ǲǰʦųںԼأ
ʵԼʲôҲǣĻŵµһֻϣһɱ
ǣʵͲʺϵްɡ
ڣеĵڻȥʱ鶼Ǹصġ
ҲӭԼĵһڡ
ϺˣҪһֱѹԼΪоʱˡһ챻СһץʵսptsdˡϵΪ͵Ҳһǧ٣СһԽԽˡ
ĺСһ֮ҹ͵͵ҩˣһЩóԵİ
ͷ
ɶСһһǽǰͽܵǼԼˡ
ĸоͦĵġ
ֺзִ磬İѧϰ˴ʲôӣƤˣúûȥָܻ߰˰ˡҵٶȱ˿죬ָҲ͸졣
һҷǵûݣȻ
ҪˣҺǸʿȻҪʮﲻֹ
һԼҪġ
ҪڳƵĽ顣
СһһѧϰĵӺܿҪˣҲڲС㿴ʵսĽѧʽǲҪԸһģ֪ʶʵսһ¡㿴һʵϰǴģǶ컳òˡ
ҲɵҪΪһѧϰĬĬ
治Ĺ
һʼҲû뵽ֳ氡
һ꣬ǲÿ챻СһŷʽŰҴսƵҪÿһ㶼Сһֱʦĵʹ۾״Ƶģһ㲻Ծ
ʼʱЩѧϰĵǶٻһ¾ǵľÿ춼²ģ۾ð⣬ҪСһúõ̽һ½СǱԽԽݣ۾ĹͿʼʧˡңҲסô죬һҲʼҪؼϢˡ
ǿ㣬üζҵ½ʣ˵ԼоҪ
ܹһӲƳСһţơ
ҺСһôԴԼȻ˵ʲôҲҪܡ
Ǻ㲻һ֪֮ˣûС൭Ļشǵ̫˳ˣСʵʵȻ˳ĵõԼҪĶͬţţǶζԼǽӢˡȻѧϰģȻҪ֪ĽɱǸʲôӡ
һʱЩ
Сһ⵽ڿڷ
ǿ㣬ǿԨԿûˡʼʧȥ֮ģɲðɡ
ⶼעڽһ;Ҳûʲôɾˡ˺ڣĿֲŻֵԽԽŤͷ˵֮ǽҶҪûôϸҲǽھͲˡ
СһĮҲͦÿ
ڶЩʵϰ˵ԺҲɫˡ
ˣһһ졣
ǣȵ뿪ȥͱĵӱȽʱȻͻһǵ׽˶١һЩɻ󲻽⣬͵Լջ֮ȻܵڹЩǣԻԣôȻҲº֡ʩ̣ҿɲһϸˡ
ǣСһͽܵˮƽµһǧƨʮϵ
ңûзֺٿҵʱ򣬶ûκαʾôȽĻѾ˶ƤϲԺܹרڽˡ
㲻ֱ˵ԺעҪһӾͺˡ
ĬĬӡ
Сһּ˶ĶˣⱲѵ
ʿһ൱൱ǡ
һʼҲ̫ѵˣϲЩʦʦǶǾˣﻹϹԸ⿴ǣ
ˣ˵ЩǱ߶̳ˡóһݴѶ򣬺ͷ˵£ᶼɼϵĶЩʵɽġԣʱÿһɶҪɳһ֧Ӷͳ϶飬Щ߽͵ɽȫλĿ죬ΪݱȽ⣬ȥӶ黹ǳ϶鶼̫ãĿǰǹʣ֮ó֡
ʵǹεʵˡ
ͷʾҼ˵ȥ
ҪȥģҲҪʬǣҪ֪ģڵʲôطҼǽڣⶼϵڵ¾ڲ֪Ҳ޼ǲμӶʱޣʱӣҪҵ׼ȷطЩѡԣֻܴڲ֣һ֪֪׵ˣȥ̽飬Ӧϲźá
˵ѾҪ˵ʲôˡ
ġʶ³
ЦСһ˹Ȼһˡ泤ϣͬʱҲĹ˵˭ڵĸڣĪ
ļᶨڵλͣҪ˵ºѡͬĵ˵ͷʶ˴µļ֮ҡҡһԣǵĿ˵ȥӦϾҪˡ
ǸˣԸ˲źð졣ĿƣСһҪˡ
ʲô
ǲû̸еĳ밡Сһ˵ڵĴҪǵָʾҪֻҪеƽǾӮ̸к£̸ʮҲǿܵġ΢Ц룬ûбʺ̸еˡ
࿴ңεȻ֪Ĵô
ʱûУѾݼƻˡǱʦѾѾֲòˣϾҪͶе㲻ˣ۾ѿ۵Ҵƻ飬úõȥһоء̸ִ£ѲôУ
Ͼһ޲ǺܷǮġ
ǵģһû޸ϡ
һѹҺȥֻǽһ޸˸߰˰˶ѡ
ҺҪҪѯǲҪϧһдۣһ޸ɣ
ҵȻǿ϶ش
ѹȴ˵ڵĹһʵ
һ޸ΪǰԼԪڰ޸ϵҲңǷֻ࣬ΪǰҶԼԹһʱΪҵıѡ
ȵһ޸ôͽǰԼҪǸʱ˵鲻ԸǩԼ
ҲѹΪʲôҽԭ
Ͼһǰô룬ҲȨ๡
ʵѹ¡
ĹһͲˣеֻαװɽķѡ
һ˵Լ˵ཫԼʹá
ųԨڵѾԼĲռĲˣֻں齣ʱʽ
Ǹʱ򣬹һֻǰĲн
˷һʲôˡ
ޣȻҪޣžһΣһѡ˱ҲûйϵҴ󷽵Ķѹ˵ҼȻôལѡ֤Եֵġ
ֻԼôҲ벻ԼһΪ˹һͷزѡ
ò磬˵׽˾Ƿ࣬׽ǹһ
ܹ޸һĻᣬΪʲôץס
Ȼ˾СѹҲ˿ʵҲ볹޸һϵ㲻õģһϾǳԨڵ֮һŻԸǮģȻҲҪһ㡣
ģǮġҴԲѵ
ȻͿʼ׬Ǯˡ
ԼĿ˵㡣
ȫźúõ̸һ̸
ʮ
ٶ˲á
ѹ·һʦѾڵˡ
Ϊ޲һǿǽĹȫͣˣΪܹùһøӷǿ
ĹһٻЩ㡣
һ۾Ϳڻ֮бĹһ
ĹһֱƯᾧһ㣬ɢŽͷĿѣҫ۹ԣǿĽ˲ֱӡ
ǹһ
ӦŽս꣬Ϊ֮ĳĹһӦеӰ
һһʼӣڽڣһ۾ܿѽĲ֮Ҳסջȥ
ûκܹܾһ
ͽˣѹ֣ʾҹѹ׵ıΪϲ㣬һԼļϵ齣СʳǰѲ˵һ˽ȥʷأչһƶ޸ھΣ
ֱҵ۾ҪƲˣ̫ˡ
ǰҲûмһѽܹƯӡ·ҲпѣҪôȥֻҪĽУǴҲᱻһ϶
˷ǽն˶㹻ˡ
ӦܹõİˡѹҲЩ⼸۷ˣԺҪ޸ĽǶûлˣоԼļ˼ǵĵǿһѹһǲնɱˣ˷ôѪͲϣ޸ʱ򣬻ףΪܹýӼһЩ
һĸΪǾ٣ϴ֮ô
һ͸Žһ֮ͬ
ֻΪ۶ϣûǰôˡ
ãȥһôС˵
ѹ˶Ц㱾ǹһˣǵȻġ
ҳŹһĬĬ֣ĬĬĺһһ֡
ʱ
ĳӵĽ߰ķƺӦʲôֱӽĽӻظӰתʧ
æȥԼĽʹ顣
ΪʲôԼĽڹһǰʱԼﻹ
ΪԼŽء
㽣ǰٺÿҲܶŰ
ҿ˲ҿˣٿȥԼŽҪûˡ
˷׷ǰ
û£˵ʦַӵɽ飬һǰʱҲǱ΢Сҳء
ǽĴûнҾܾġ
һѧϰĵѾźǴڹѪᾭѽ
ԭһ
ʱɽͻȻӽڣɿƵĿŽӷӵѳҲŲõķ˹ȥ
ɣ
Ӵʧɫæһ׷ȥ
ѧϰĵǸɵˡ
ʦҲǹ
ѹ·һʦǵɴ۾
ֻǺҹһȰûŸɱʲôȥʮ꣬һҪһ޸ĽȺüΣѾϰˣҲúõģȫûнôĶ
ȻĹһʽ޸ɣʵϲûκεʽԼļҲȫûС
Ϊʲô
񳬳ǵ֪ʶΧˡ
ѵǹһͱĽһ
Ѿס˹һ
ӰҲ˲⡣
ǰѾϵĹһƺֻص˵ŹһɱΪɽһɲǡ
ǹһ˵һ졣
ͷ಻ͬһϲƯҲΰ̾Լǵʱ̫ûܸϵüֹóӣֻܺơ
ر
ֻԼŬš
ֱһ죬һԵرˡ
˵Լûôÿ
ֻϧڽ鲻ˡ
ˡ
ϳһĨЦݣ˲仯Ϊһûһ֮С
㾦һ㡣
еĹһ˲ͻ˹

֮ӽڣ֮
һһĳӽڣĵϷԾŲõķ˹ȥ
콣ꡣ
ڣڣ
ţţˣڣĽˡ
ȥʲô
ԨڵĵĿɿڴĿŽڣĽڿгĺڵ㣬·һ޴ĺɫĺֱӳŲõķȥ
ʶҲŲ˹ȥ
ΪʲôڣĽͻȻֶ
ͬʱ
дӽڣõĽǣһʱ䶼޷ԼеĽǵĽͽ飬Ǳʲôһ㳯Ų÷ȥ
ЩԶĴŽڣĽƺҲоһ˿ԡ
ԼĽ飬ôͻȻˣ
εȻһɳɲ֮͸ϵ˲õϷ
ѾΧ
Ϊ׵ʢ
ʢ鲻Ѿ˯ô
ǿƮѩ
Ʈѩ鲻Ҳ겻ô

䣬ǽڣÿһѶǳԨڲɻȱĲƸ
֮У·һХӿ
ڣΪ׵ʢ΢΢˻Σһɫ꽣û
׷״ӽ֮Ʈ
Źһ۾ȴǼǧǰķŹһĴսĳ
ǸʱĹһմ˲֪ĸµѪ
ɾȴһֱ˵С
˲ֱӡ
¡ҵĶ𣬡޲ɵĹһ
ӽ쿪ʼĹһˡ
ĹһڷһѹһѾԶͣ˹ȥ
ɵһѣҵĸŬ޸ġ
һ죬һȫµĹһҲҵŬ֮ɡ
һһĽǵĴУǴĴпʼġ
ԼԶĳΪһˣҲԶĽΪУһ޵С
Լʱ򣬴ûкúϢҲûбƯÿ
УܹһȫһĹȥ
ԼԼҸоԼƺһֵĿռ䡣
ʢװķ΢Цſ
Ҳһѽ˹
ңӽ
ɵ֡
֪ԼΪʲô֣֪ѽĻϲĵ
ȫµĹһȫµ
ңϲ㡣
ඨĿңᣬϻΡ
ֽܹһ͵УҲԲ˵ڣ֮¡
ĳǶ˵ҲԼĴˡ
ڻ֮УеĹһͻȻú񵱸Ҳûʲôõġ
֣ƽ￴Į飬־ֱеҪǹؼʱһ˻мܲס
ɶۿһҵ⡣
ʵеĹһͻȻ˾޴Ĺâ
ϷĽڣȺɲ֮Ҳ׷¶Цݡ
ʢǼҪĨᡣ
ˡ
ڵȵһ졣
ЩսĽͬҲܿĻжã
ʦ滹ţҪ»ص硣
ʦҲѾõұŵĽ۶ϵĹһҲʱˡ
Ľ飬Žңףء
ڣڴ˹عһ


106 
һЩκ
صԼķ䣬ŹһоԼС
Ͼղֳ棬Ҳֻôŵ˰ɡ
һ·ֵӳǵĵ֪һжġ
СһĽһһк֡
뵽Ҳź֪뵽ԼʱӹʱӦûбֵ̫˰ɣ¶һ¶ľȱʲôġ
ֳ֮ҪǶˣ㶼ԼɵˣҲİĻӽ쿪ʼѾ˰
ôˣȻܹҵļ֮ģҲ̫ˣȫ˿졣ҵɫȥһһЦģа
˵أ㡣˵ҪùһΪҲҪҸʾɡҽûл·ͷҲûϴҲûлױֱӾȥ˰
Ҳ֪ûڽսһ޸ϡУҲǽɵӣǲӦҪΪһһ¡ҲкܶĲҪ£ǹԼʱòÿʱô
һȻӣҺ͹һҲ꣬ϻˡʵʵ˵ϲȷеģҪ˵ر𼤶ҲûСô˵أ̫ʢ˷оΡңڹһҵĻô죿
ȻҪȥָԼ塣Ļش޲ĲϳԨ߼УмζȱʧĲεȻҲѾ˰ˡֻӦþܳˡʱȻԽݳˡ
εȻ֪֪ݣһʵҲֵȶ
֪֪
ֻ߽֮䡣
ǺԥĴӦ˰ѰҲϵҪ
Һͷ˵ĽȣεȻϢɱҪöࡣ
㶣㵽ʱǻᱻϳİɡ
ұǷ֮ˡҺܿҪ¾׽٣ٶȷɽ硣ͣʱ䲻ܳԵʱҵĽݻܲάҲҪһ㣬ҺܷġһǽԼĴ˵˳
һʱס
ΪСһкԶ
ʵϣԭֻ齣ʱô
һһֱŵģСһҪҲֻڵһˡֻҪߵĽ֣ôСһֿӾҪܿˡ
ôôأ
Щ
ʵ˺Сһһֱ׼Ҳһǻ׼Ǹʱ㣬ӦǼ󣬶Ǽʮ
Ҳʣ²ʮҪʼˣҲ˵СһֱʱҲԽԽˡ
룬϶ʱ仹֮ʱ䣬ʵСһһʱҲҪһˡǰʹĸĸҲܹһôʱ䡣˶˵СһĴǺġ
̵ĳҲǺһƴڻͬ飬ҲÿԼᶺĺһ׬Ǯļˡܹ飬Сһһ˾ͳ䵱顢顢ȫԴ뿪ˣԼԺҪôϰߡ
ҵɫ̫ѿˣҲĬһ
һֱ˼˵ԭ
Ҳҷֱ𣬵ʵˡ
ŬеĻܲܺһɡ
ûôġЦ˵ĵԼ·ΥıģֻԽԽԶңҲϣܹһҪô졣
ΪҪȥˣ
ԡĿ˵ԨǧһֱзĽɣǶɽ簵ڵҡǷضһЭܵĲһȫֻʱƱҪ뵽ǵĶ˵ֻһͨˣֻҲֻܹͨҲãʺ㣬ԣ㰴ԼĲͺá
ʵڲУҲԡ
ΪҲ֪һ᲻Ӯ
˵ôֱףҷˡ
ûйһ֮ʲô
УôթЩͽǿ϶ûа취µȫףʱһмô죿
ұĲУ˿׼ˡ
СңҲǺǿġ

֪ԼҪַͨʽǲԼ˿Ļ˵ԼСһûԼС
˵˵ţһ֮С
Сһڲȫʵ壬ĻЩġ
̫Ҳܡ
ңΪһܺõˡԼĶԹԼ¡ɱ¾ĽҪսûа취˼Χô˵Ҳʦ棬ѵʦԼĶԹüǧĵӰæĵôྡûһĿǶ˵ҺܲײܽҼӺʦֵҲٽܵʱΪҵĲ㡣
ĵӺʦ֣ǷһҲ޷ȴʹࡣ
һΣܱ֤Լܲôƽ͵˵ŸĻ
һʱ֪ʲôĻ
˲˷ĹǺ͵ġ
Сһ˵ԼҲǺҪˡ
ԼҪֿһҲ޷Լᴦһûа취˼Σջ
ѾѵĽ˵ǵʧȥĶѾ̫࣬ҲֻһһҶѡ
һ齣֪ΪʲôһֱȥôɿңӲתŻ⡣
Ҳ֪֮ǰĻⲻʺϼȥˡ
СһиԵĹǡ
ǰӾʱǾЩŮǴҪһæﲻΪʲôһҪһֻãľϺȡȵҲѡʱҲЩŮǿƣʱһ˹Ļţĥ
ǰΪʲôأҲŷѯʵ
ѾںһõεȻһ齣ҲζҪʧһֱǳԨ֮λǽ֮ߣһεָʲôأңչڣѾͳԨڵʵһһҲûκ𣬽󣬲ܽԳԨڵӰ콵͵С
ȻҪǣϣܹһ㿪ĵĸ𣬶ں˽֮ͷ뿪
ĻһӵӰ
һ㡣
ҺúøȻѹʮ꼸뿪Լںһ飬ںһ飬֮ʱ̵첻һͣ磬Ǹʱ򣬻Ļ޷ܡ
Լкͷ뿪ˣʱһô룿
ҪʱԼ
ȻЩûȷ˵ڣȴ׾ٵĲµ˷뷨
Сһջǰ˵ǽ޶ֱвĻ

ʵ濼ĻҲǿԺϸܵġֻǺܶʱǶԸ˼ˡ

ģһ׵ġһкüʮأҲ̫ģҲ⼸ʮҾͺ࿴ᣬ޲ľͷֿء룬и֮ҲʿҲиʮ֮ˡ
Ǳˡ
ôȥ֪ҪôСһദˡ
áҲܹܿ뿪˵ǻǼ֮ǰĻ⣬ΣأΪİȫǣ㻹Ҫ޶ȵԼʵͺúϢһ£ϻҪʵսġ
ҵɫʱס
оԼֶѾʼˡ
ʮʱʱľʵսֶѾһļӡȻЧҲԣǰǱĺ޻֮뻹ܻˣȻ˲
ҺԼûôǿʤʱԽãԽܸоԼͷ֮Ĳࡣ
¡
ԼһһǧһҲﲻĿ̶ֲȡ
ǰûн޸˵Լý
ʱҲܹЩѧϰĵΪڷǰǱһǴ
˵صߡ
Ѿͷ̶˼Ʋߣֺúõ̸һ
ǰȻǹĵĸֵ飬гԨڳܿͽĵ
ȤĵǷḻʡ
ڵĳϵݵĻֱֻǷС˵
СʱƶϷӡʮʱһҪŪȨһ˴͵͵ȥͶսɳΪһսȥʵ̫࣬ɱ֮ȥʶ겻ɢɽϣΪһССͯӣɴ̤֮·
޵ͳĳСϡɽҲ൱ʿڵΪѾǵصһˡԭҪļ̳Լ²ԼɽȻȴģұСй޵ļأɹĽԼΪԪӤڣ壬Լ壬һ˹ǰѰһԵ
ֲ֪Թ˶ٿͷһϢ֮ʣĳλ·ĳϼ񵽣ȲҽڡλǸҪĸˣʱͼѡȻģȥ֮Ͱæ޵ͳִһ¸֮䡣
֮ľһֱ
޴֮ΪһǧܿͳΪȵţһʱͷǺĵ͵ǰȥûϢҶΪĳط
Ȥǣʵڵͻϲڲࡣ
ʵҲܾû˾ĵˡ
һηĵӣѾһǧǰˡ
ǰڣÿһͻеӷʱ򻹲ֹһȴԽԽˡҸϢ²⣬һǧǰǸҲͨ;ΪڸԹ۷ʿ˵һ֮ʱλӦǿȥģ֪ʲô˳Ļ˹ɹˡʱ򣬲ûоٰ䣬˵ǵ͵ҲΪĲ̫һ˲ûоٰ졣
²еҲܷڵ
Ҿ͵ġ
ϾͼԼĵ˹úá
еﶼڣŵĹϵҲһ㣬ĵڣĳˡоһĵϣֽԼǰദ̲ס˵˳Ǵ㻹׼ġ
־֮֮ûȻ;òԾ·ˡ
ǰԼɾûʲôۣ˵ϵĶǣǲ浱ڻҲųġ
Ҫ˵ҲҪѲٹ򡣡಻ôҪһλȨصĳϱѣɲһ׵¡
Ҳϲ㣬ϲˣͲ̫ģǴͨʹ߼𣬶Ǵ򹤡Ұڰ֣Ҹ͵͵Լúһ¡ҪܿڵĶĿ棬ЩѡɴֱŰݷðɣӣ˵˵ڻڼ仹һû壬رŰݷá
ϸһҲͬҵľ
ڶǹעĺܣ֮ǰһֳľ޴󶯾͵͵ԣɴֱŰݷðɣģô˵Ҳɣܲܶʲô
ңʲôˡ
ֱﶯ֣Сһı̾ܽ

ǻϣڴɡ
ȻѾڸԼｨˣҪСһպ˵겻֮Ҫߣҿ϶Ҫ̬
ҵһʱתͷǹƽ
˵ɾ͸ɣܿԼڵӣ˵¸³һʽŰݷã벻Ҫܾơ
յҲȫûбܻӡ
õһ˲ֱӽӳȥŹۿˡ
һӡڶãôҲֻݣ߲߲ǹҪ̽Ϣɡ
ʵϣһ͹һ黹ǲС
綼˵һϢҲ˸ֹҵֵֹԡȻҲⲻдԨڵģ˵ǽŵһ˹һν绢
ǰ콣ڣ㾡عһʽν춯ء
̣Ҳ˷
񣬳Ԩڵǧ硣
Ҫǰʦģֲ֪˼
˶˵ԨڻΪһ˵ţ˵ܳΪǧĵһڣĸʿһΪµӣ
ɺݺݵŵġ
ʢ˥һһֻҡβɳԨȴԽԽǿٲȻǷ
ԭΪ̫һӦѹƳԨڣҲѡ
ΪβѾ˰ǱŲ滹֪Ҫʦܣ㶢ǣҲû취ܹʲôõĶ
ʦ̫ˡ
ʦ˵ЦˣһпܷˣҲˣȻҪ㡣ʱ㽫Ǽҷ˵ǡȥú׼һڵŷԸ
ǡĲŵĻ滰˭˵Ҫ˲Ĵ
Լ䶼ڣ¶Լķ鲻١ȱսԼûʲôӹ
Ǹͷһ϶û¡
εԼͷ
ôڵĳϾԼأ۶
۾ѡ˸ٵģ


107 
ʱܿҺԼӡ
ˣ໹ѧϰĵǷ˼٣ϲЩ˶С
ҲǾֲֿܴģǸʰ·硣
ܾܿ
ôȥǸоԼûˡ
ʦ㣨ʦãţƣȻԺ͹һǰһôã챻ǰ˱޲ߣػˮȰɡ
ָҲ˶ܵİ
뵽һʱ
ҹĿɺˡ
پҲ֪Ժܺܿͻ뿪̲֮סһ㣬ʮɥĲŴ뵽˾޶ѣǻǮˮ
ʮϵĸö
¶ʿ˵ͲҪãֱսָСܵľԼõĿС
Ƿ˿ժߵ¡
̯ܶһ࣬Ӷ첻תˣҵļ۸񼸺ǿ˦ǻһЦĿɿˡҪǷһΪϢ̫ˣҲ֪ж˻ǰڨ
Ȼɱĳӵ󣬻кܶʿϰһֱ󣬾Ϊ˶࿴һۡ
ңӵԽԽأγһɲɺӵĺ֪ʿΪ֮ĿΪ̽࣬ҲɼС
ʲôʱ򣬺ĺͰĶڹĶ˵ɾûġ
ǲе̫ҡˡѾϰ˱˶ţۿԼԽԽ࣬ٻЩϰߡ
֮˽֮ǰЩǣ̫ġҵǼ棬ҪǵҸҴģݾ㣬ÿƬҶȫ׸ʲôҵǰϰҴ򹤣Цеİ
ĿҼۡ
ȻǰȥѡʲôԤı
ȿȣô˿ڣҲһ˷ĵ顣æ˿㿴ųҸҴһɵˡ
߲ΪҺͷǴ˹ҪѪƴˡ
ȻƺƵΪζ˵ֻͨŰݷô
ǳԨڵġͨǲͨ
̴ģ綼֪ˡ
ںͳԨڱͲͬһ磬ɵĶԹҲ֪ôһ㣬̾ͳΪ˴š
µһʱʮֽš
⵽Űݷûҳܵи׼
ؼʱ̣ε̾˿ԼȥǹģӦȥЭ£ȻʿҪʼ̸ڵ£ʱʲôֵֹԶС
Ǿ鷳ܳˡ
ϳ棬ǾͰĶˡ
Ҳ׷˿Ǵһ׼ûС
΢΢еıġ
ЩˣƽԴǸһʲôΣţһһ졣
ڵˣԺʱͲ
ǰոձ͵ʱ򣬷ˡ
Ҳ֪ΪΣڵĵƺױŭʡʣȱӦƽ͡ᡢͺǸһߣħһ
û⣬Ҳûб¶Ҳûбջ󣬴Լ⡣
ⷴĸӻġ
ͬôסڻ࣬ûǰ;Уֻ֮Уѡ
ĸԼ̾˿
Լɹԭġ
ӣôƽ͵Ļɹ
ȵķɵҺͷǰۼƤӲ
ȷеˡ
ٿĮԴһ˿εݣƺˡ
ֲôˡ
ԭĹһ飬
á
Ҫ۵ˣÿ쿴鶼ܺúܶࡣ

˱ˡ
ķɵҺͷǰ΢΢ֵλѣҲʮûˡˣǽܳⳡ棬ҲûΡ
ôԺҪúϰߡЦִǰƺ˲٣˼డ
ĺĺ
ϵЦЩӲ
ӣعĺܺðɡ
Ҫ̸תƻ⡣
ܵһεĵطɡȻôʿţӰ첻á
ԭҲ֪Ӱ첻ô
һλƫƧСɽ壬徻¡ֻɲôˣЩ˵Ļ
Сһתͷࡣ
ƽĿ
˵һţҪСĵ˵
಻üҷ׷ǹʣôҵĻ
ǿ϶ġг񣬡ǿֺͿģǵǾһţѵĴڣ
ֻýŽɵ˵һ䡣
ŵʿ׷Ӧ
㾡ȥˡ
Ǿţģǿ϶۸㡣
ҾҪ¼һ£걨˰񡣡

Ȼ˵硣ǵȷͣԭأûټǰ˼
ǱΪ˴֣ȻΪ˷󣬵ҲΪǾֱӳߣе̫ӡ˵˴һ̨ףĽҹȥ
ЩΪ˴ԭ򣬲ְ綼ͨá
Һͷͬһ𣬺ܿͷڵƫƧɽ塣
·ϣĲɿ˿䣬һҲ̽˵ˡ֮ԸộΪҵͶɡ
ϾôˣҲһ塣
˵ҲǹôҲ˳ƶΪʼֻҪһѱ˵Ľʺ޶ѡ
ϾСһĴ˸Լö˵ʲôʲôöڱĬĬСˣ޲ȡ֮أ
ģһеġ
ͺڴѩ⣬쿪ů˶ˬ޿ɸӵĵز
ǰûܵĶڶҪúܣȻȵСһʲôʱˣֻˡ
ĬĬĽ˵ĶԻ
Ϊ˴棬ԼƺеǶԺúѧ
ҲǸϵˣһڷʱҾѾ˽ĺˡ
ν߲ƣҹ˳ûдʲô˼ϾĳǶ˵Ƕһˡ
ûԼǲΪزģҲͬˡ
Ҳ飬ôŬĸԴɡ
ĲǸоҺͷ֮ǰΧ
ȻЩһ࣬κ˶޷һ
ĹϵЩ֪ʲôҪι̶ˡ
һ·ϣҵǼʶĵĺԵ
Ͽڵӣṧĺһܳϡǿġ
ܹԵĸоڵĵǹϵ̫ãЩӭҲһԲԨڣȻھٻǴصĹڵģ֮ͬҲŨ
ֻڵķΧĲ֪˭ǽأ
˽ţĸоǲá
С壬Ƚϱǻʺ졣ĴҺͷһСɽǰ
ɽ壬һ㣬ȷǽɫĺ
ɽĳֽɫҶӵͺһƬɫĺ󣬶֮ŵ㣬б̵ĺˮ׺УԶԶȥеֽƯΣһƷ˿˾;졣
кܶŮɡ̲ס˵ǸԼĺõط
ǰУ̸˵ŮԷֵգ˵˲ãԽķˡŮҲԹ¾ӶࡣĲ޷̵˵
ĵӣҲһһ
ԾڵĻԻͲϳϱϳϺǶƫ̻ϵµķ̫á
ȨԣڶԣͳͳС
ҲϹ⣬ŻС
ӽڿʼһֱϸϸ̽
ʲôҲ̽鲻
ȫ˾ӡ
ĺ˵ĵȷȷʬΪȾҲκεĻɡ
Ҳԣܹô׵ı̽յҲᱻôá
ڵǵйء
ڵĵط󷨣ȡһЩζȣдŶ¡
ʲôֱ˵ˣǿ԰ĵ˵ĵĻشСѾҪˣҸ˵˽һЩʱ佫ЩȻڵأ̽󷨣ǴҲ˵ЩʲôңܲΪɡ
ϲˬ˵
ǵȷΪ˱ʾԱߣǰ²£
Ҫ˵ͶǾˡε̾˿ϸҵϢӦ֪ûа취뿪
ĹѲ飬ͷʱ򣬶챻˰ˡ
ԼҲ˵ˣǰԨ˵֪ĶҲǲ鰵Ͷһź¡ǰʣʱշǲܷңɢҲǴ´ࡣ
ڵϵǣ̫ɷָĵش
а취㱨ڶĶ飬㳥´أ΢Ц˵
ĵ߶ʱϬ
Сһ㿴ҡҲֱҰ֡
΢΢ҸǰųһĨƽһЩ
һڷ䣬Ҿ;㲢ǷˣٿˡȻҲ֪Ƿ񶼺һͽԣҲʵǿĹˡĹŹֵĴŷܾ࣬Ӧòֻǽѡ
ǹһ飬Ҳʵ
ϾҲǾ޼ĴڣŵǸʲôˮƽҲܹĳǰ飬͸оЩڳѰˡ
Ͳǰˡ֪ĴԲҪǰ̸ǰҪ֪ǿܹ㳥ʲôô
ʲôҪҲҳ;ˡľĺһھƣ˿ţ潻ѣסҪģ˳Ҳɥ߲úܲһ洦ɼС¾ܺǽܡ
ʱ̫͸ˣȻʡʡҲʵЩ޴֡
Ҫáѵſڣǵģ㳥зĻᣬǼڣʲô㲻ǲ˵㿸ڵΣһֱôþõľȥ
ĵڿһ͡
Ҫô˵һ˵һѪ
ҹԪ뻹ǧ꣬ҪЧң˵
ңǧҪﵱţͬŹϵֲãнˮҲôߣֲǶôǣ滹һЩˡһҲˣ˵ǧˡװģԱ߸̾
ɫܲá
Ҹģ
ǰһ뵽Ҫǧ꣬Żʲô˼ѵΪ˳þõܿģǻֱӵȥˡ
ǣܹҲòȥ
Ҫ㻹ߵ˵ɡҽıģֻҲˣҾҲҪŸõȥҪǳþõľΪʲôҲϲʲôҲޣǧǧ͵ʯͷǻʲô˼
߿϶ɶ˵ġ
˵˵ĵɫȥһ
ܲ
ҲҪĽʼ˵𡣡֪ǳ׶ҡˡ
Ըꡣ
һɫĽһ£һ屳ѣֱǿжᱦʶ󱨸Ĺ¡
ɢѪҺ㻯Ͼк;֮ʱѾܲˡȵ˵ʬǻڵ֮Уŵֱ
ȾϸϸĸĶ
Ȼһ
Ѫ⣬ܹ꣬оһ˿ԣǧȥﻹʲôԣ
Ҳ֪ҲܱôһƭңŵĽҲȷŹ֣Ҳ⽣
˵£ʶһжǾȡ
ӣԭҲΪء
䵽زǹֲκˡ
ķЩˣǽӣҪֱӶϾںĶ
Ҫˣú˳׳Ϊˡ
Ҫ׳󣬾ڴʼ˥䡣
Ϊڵĵӣ֮ǰúõģȴŭö޵֮ģ
Ϊһ;еˣٶ죿ΪǰڸûбڵӰ죬ڴһʱֱ֮ȥ˷䣬˷һѾĲˡ
һֱڴţĳɾô
ȾȾֻҪһԹջеĵﻹܱ֮˵ıģ
ɱġ
ǵҪҲܼ򵥡һ´߽ڶҪǴյʬڡǴ߽յʬǣڲ˵ܹ¸ˣ벻ȾǶ˵ڡȻΪѾҲԻָ֮ҴŵƻĻȰ˵
ȫΪĺð
ɫࡣ
Ϊãⲻʰŵ̯ô


108 
㶨ģʣµҪðĶࡣ
ҺͷҲûȥ뷨Խã˶ϵĿҲԽΪĵĹչĸһ㣬Ҳ뿪
ƺҪһ£ҵ˴ζᣬкܶСǰԨȷȵֺݺݵĳһѷͷǶЩС˵Ϊ̫ңԶûʲô֪һζᣬѾҪ£ЩСɣ£ǵĺĵӣ׳ԼǵҪȥ߽ĻǱΪҷŵעҲ˵ǲܹ⿴ţҪֳô
ܾܲԼһðΣտĸɻɡ
ҺͷҲҪ顣
е㲻˰ɡһ۾ͿĵСžţⲻûô
һȥ²ǲЦһҾһˣˡҾڶʲôҲҲǡȻˣΪʲôȨԼֻҪ˶ȫĿ⣬߲ܳûˮ㡣
Ҳûе
һ£ǴӦ
ȻĵʱԿĻǡ
ǴӦҲ¶ЦݣʱŶһСɣҾͻἰʱ֪ͨǣֻҪƻС
ΪʲôԼƺͦĵӣ
Ĳô
Һͷ˺ܿ뿪ڵĵؽ硣
ָԼһѻ
룬ʣһˣҲͷһŬ󼸼ˡ
񣬺úøɰɡ
ȿȣ˵ҪúøɣȻȵҺͷ˽һβμӶԱʲôõʱҵǹɾ̾Ͳˡ
УҸɲˣұ˰ɡ
ִ󹤳Ҫǧ˵Ŷӣ˵Ҫ˵Ŷӡ
ܳһֲǰô֪ʿôˣ

קãûܽҸק
ǴƵ
죬֮ǰΪҲٸɶѡ
˭֪⼸ٸɳҲ˼ҵͷ
ⶨᣬǸȼзһƷƷһƷ֮ϣνƷš
˳һᣬֻÿһǧһλʿţǧϲʸ񱻳ΪƷšû˳ĵӣôÿɢҲԶһ
Ԩںڡ̫һʲôľƷš
ڵԭһƷţѾǧ궼зӣ˴˻ֱΪƷźͳԨƽƽ
һƷƷⶼǴҿüģȻϻһƷţҶǽ֮Ʒġ
ͬģҲǧûгַӵģҪ߳ƷС֮ǰĻϲɢɣӲĶסǧ꣬Ҫǰ÷һηɹ׵Ҫ߳ȥ
ʵϣƺƷ٣ʵʷǧ磬ƷżҲʮңһһһֵͳͥ
ֻΪұڵĳԨڷƷҲǺպģĽȦĻȻҲֻܿôķΧ
ʵϣһβμӶģľƷƷɣ˵ҲҡģƷ֮µĶûзٰ죬Ƿ綨ɴǰȥල
ʹȥô֦ĩڣһεĶᣬǰμӵҲңÿһɴʮӼҲиˡ
ˣһЩС˿ڶûô࣡
ңиάʿֵġġ
ô˵Ҳǧ˿ڵļ
СһطˮҲδ̫ˣ
ҪֻҲı£ڳԨڴţ
Ŷôȡ
ǳԨڣμӶʿ˵Ǵ˵Ĵڡ
ڣǳԨҲǿΪŵӵĳ̶ȣǷƷѾһϣɲɻȱսˡ
Ȼˣŵӵ˳̶ȣҲСſɱȡ
СŲÿÿ궼ʦҲĪĶ֮бڻҡ
СţĿľǹţչ׳󣬲Ҫʮ꼸Ͷ˴оͺá
Ҳôģῴ˶࣬ҪעҲôһЩҲʲôɶϵġŬڸҴͼĸɾ
Ҳܲס󰡡ĲУǰҲǹܹһС鵱С鳤һС߰˸ˣҶ۵ð湬ļơôˣһһĭҡһڴϲ϶
֮ǰӦˣ˲Զš
ûǰڵС
ⲻǽڡ
ץҪôȻԼԼڵĿӣ֪һûģȻԼľԼǹεģʲôᣬ˵߸ܽô
ˣһζᣬں̫һڻƳһϹؾǸСɵĸʱͬΪĵӻ뵽ͬؾ򣬱˴˻šЩСɵĵӱֳɫҲܻᱻƸ֮УСҲһĲǸʱ򣬿϶кܶϲϷ룬Ҳˡ
Ŷԣؾرؾ̽գ
ɣһ϶ûȥ
ЦһϧĴûȥһɽҰѰǸܣǷǿֲƬƬĿˣȫȫΪ
˵ˣûֺܹҵʲôĵر
һ򲽽ҵ˶ʲôãҵҪôϽҪôһѶغãսսģɱ˶ᱦ
ǱȫǴ
ڣǱƸȥģõһ֮ҪԸСһʾ֭ˣﻹʲôȥؾ
ҲЩνؾ
ѾǷˣЩؾνҲĳɹĴġ֮Щǰ򲻹࣬ѲµĶܶԷʲôô
ˣؾ˵ȫǼߡ
ȥȥģ޹ؽҪ
ҵɫеɶ
Ҳкܶ˰ϵǰ
Ҳи̻Ȥ
ʳΪҲʳǰġ

Сһ£ˡ̵׼
Ŷˣѹֲˣÿһַĸ˲ãÿŷַĳԨڵӿͨ¿ԽͬҲڲԽ׶ΣĿǰڳԨڵĽڣﲻȷǷеؾ֮Ҳ໺˵ַǺܶ࣬
û˵꣬Ѿ룬ƴˡ
ʲôʱ򻻵·λױ
˼⣬ҵٶʲôʱôˡ
Сһ㻹ĥĥʲôأҶȸ״ǸϽز÷
ᡭ
ϣʱҾǽڵӰæˣǾͻӦˡ²ȻҲͨѶܣĹܾͻḻˡ
ʲô
õլǰ
໡
Ѫˡ


109 
ˣˡ
ԼжûϹˣ
Լˡ
һʼ磬ʹǽֻͽÿǸоԼ˵㶫ÿԼ֪ĶʱʶľҪȥһ¶
Ƕʱ䣬
Ȼ˵ϰûûӣǱϾֻ͡
ﻹọ̃
ֱĵ
أȥôôʯˡ
ٶȸϻسԨڣѹõԼ
ţΪѹô˵ҲǸޣ۾ȫһ״ƴм侹Ȼʯĥľ棿
Ҳԣֻʯܳܵʿġ
أܣһƾסķֻ
Ʒʯĥɵľ档ԭҪüƷʯôһʿò˶ƷʯƷʯޣֻܹ֧ŷʮʱȵ꣬ҪʿԼˡƷʯԷʹøΣ֮͵ñ¹򡭡
ϾҲҪ˼ߣѹڿ֮󣬾߶߶˵ȫûЩ߰ģֻɵĿԼĽֻ
üһִֻҪ磬ֻҪ
ܺãʱǡ
˴ĴָʦС
ֱǱ
һʱ䣬ѹҪѾСһƽˡ

СһȻ氮
Ͼÿ˶һˡ
ѹǺܽġ
ȻҲвϾҪĽĵطʵ̫ˡ
˵ⶫͦãȴѶã۸˵㡣ԣĿǰӷֻܹӦ̨ǳԨڵ洫Ӻͳʹãĸڲãռһӡ
˳һᣬǳԨҲġ
ϾЩҲ˲ˣȻ档ɴ඼ǽҪҵʵĸס󣬾ֻһɽΪģѹֹԼķΪ֮á
ҪӦʮ̨ӷĻ͵ڸؽ綼һ̨ĸˡ
ҪĽĵطкܶܶࡣ
ҪôãΪһ飬ȻҲ쵽һ̨ôӣҲʹҪʲôֵҿĵĵط
ǰǽ֤ġѹ΢ЦʿԣʲôαװΨÿ˵Ľ𵤶ۺԼ򡢹С츳ȵɡһģһ˫Ӱͬһʦ£ĽҲǲһġ𵤾ͳǵԪǶһ޶ģֻнڵʿʹ̨
ܺãԺвڵǳ׺ֻԵˡ
ҪǰֻⶫеڲУһҪϡһ𵤡ľ·ˡ
ĿԡһĨֻܿ
ֻҲԼ˷
Ŀǰֻֻм򵥵Ĺܡ
һǺӹܣÿһֻ̨бţֻҪֻžӺѣȻֻҲԸĿǰֻܸһΣͻᱻĸ¼죬ȻҲԽж졣ڼԭĿǰܷƵֻܷ򵥵Ƭѡ
ڶ㹦ܣûɶ˵ģ㼼Ǻܿ׵ģӰʯĹԸĸľˣڻὫӰʯӽȥ
̳ܣ̳ΪʿдԼĵãҲΪ˴ɽεȻͣΪһЩܺͷһѧϰĵǣҲǳ
Ż档
ֶ̳ˮƨԣΨѧϰļ١
Ȼһʼʱ϶ǻģ
Ĺܻڿⷨ۲ƣɱ͵һٿƷʯĸά޷ãºڵĳɱҪӡ
ûϵǲҪһʿѾˣңʦһܹΪǧ׸˵ǳ¢ֻҵ֮󣬶ǶԵУֻҪǶʿΪźġ˵
ֻŶ˵֡ҲãһûиȡȻ˵ֻǾɡѹǸ˵ˣֻҪǶƳķ˵ģĶ˵
̵ȼѹͷĺѣзֻ롣
Ŷԣֻ벻Ҫֻ̣ҪʶתΪ֡ȻͿʿʶˣҪʱһЩеûģȻתΪֱ֣ȥĻ
ţ㡣
ţŷ࣬ڴֻĳϺ͵ǵĺѶһ顣
һǹһһǹһ飬˭Ҳ᲻ӣǵĺбһ
ȥһ洫֮⣬ǻ˲һһ洫ǡ
ܺãԨս̺㰡
Щǰ洫ǣս죬ǳԨھûµġ
СһСһҸ㷢ϢһҡҶֻŷ˵
ࣺ
ҾǰΪʲôҪֻϢ
໹ֻͿҾͷһ䡰á
ˣûաֽҵֻߣڻسԨˣˣڽˡ
ҲֻҪҲǴ쿪ʼ첻СҪԼֻ뱧Լֻ˯ȻԼһΡ
쿪ʼʱֻҪûգ͵Ҿȥ
ԷڳԨڵӰҪûһ˸˵
ǸôÿˣΪʲôҪ˵ôĻ
Ҵ˿ٿ࣬·𿴼ԼҪûֻĿ̵ֲΡ
಻Ϊ
ұѾĹˣֻƿ겻뿪Լķ䡣
У
ҾôȥȻǰڵŬױˡ
úúãȰֻҡֻʵӦ
ŽֻӦ֪سŵʲô³
ܺãСһҲסңѨһ֡
ôأѵΪ˲ϣֻѡԭ࿴úõ
ϴЦ˲·ĵǡ
ܺãԺԲͳѧϰˣҵİѱѾԵĲˡ
Ĳѣֻ̳Լûиֻû֪Լ˭̳Ϸһӣ
ҼҵĽ·ʲô󲡣ԼúΪ߾ǿɡ
ֻ֪֪Ҹƽˡ
ҷӣܿͷ̳ˢٻظ
²ĳȥϣһʹࡣ
ҲԣϾ϶в˶̳
ʲôãҰ
ãҲҪн顣
ҪܹһнĽԸҵ˵ɶɶ
һΣӲ㣬ջŬ
ҾãҺ֪˭ˡ
ҳԨڣн飬ҽ黹ÿָ
һ
ʲôʦ㣿
δҲ̫ˡ
Һ乵ĹصֻȻ첻˵ˡ
ģǾˡ


110 
ֻڳԨѸп
ȻеķʽܺĲ̫һ
Ťͷַ࣬ڿμϢʱֻĿ
ȻСһڵֻ̳ϸЩμӸѧϰĵǴɽЩƽҪͷѯһ½⵫ְԼǳݲ˼ʳڵģֻķʽһʵ
ǰ˵ˣСһǸΪʦˡ
ֻԶɽôܻӲܣ
ˣһ˿μϢʱ䣬ͻֻظЩ⣬ڿҿҵӣ˹ܡ
ҿſţı
תͷȥĸѧϰĵǣûֻľʹյֻͬ￴Ȼʱʱĵͷǡ
ԭÿһγ˳Ϊϰߵô
ΪӽƲԣҵĽҲСˡ
ۣǰô۽Сɡ
أ
ϪϷ
쿴һ洫ʦֺʦֱ̳ӳˡ

磬Ĳ
ﱯʹⲻҪ˾ֲ֮Ӧе״̬
úһֻΪʲôͱѧϰ
һθоԼĹԮ
ȻܹһŻ֮ã챣ӡִᣬҲЩϷŬѧϰĺˣڳԶڿ϶⡣ǴʽһˣȻһڣͿ϶еڶ
ңͣһҵµ־ͬϵͬġ
ˣμϢңһڿΣ򡣡׼㽫ֻϿΡ
˵ˣһҪڶ֮ǰҵΪڡ
ȻֱûҵֻҲٸµġ
׳нǡ
һʹСһľ飬һʹĿʼŬԼΪ
һҪڶǰһڣǰһҪŬѹѹƣΪһԲѹľǿ
ʱ˿̣硣
һһŮһȺŮڴǰŶӡ
ĸߴʣֻѾ˷˪֮ɫΪƣŮòףĿ⾫ɨΧΪ㲻ٿ
ʦĸ
һȥ棬ʦĸҲ˳ļĸ˰ɡ
Ҳ֪ʦܲȡԭŶ
꣬˵ˡ

ͽܹԹԵı죬ʦʦĸǹȥ
ҲõȺһϳһһŮ˭
Ůݼ󱬷ɹнݱ»ƹ񡣵ʱֵܺħŮϣνǽѪ·Ҳתһ飬ҵİæ³ɹ˽ӱʦż屣ֱתƵܶ
ΪڽΪ֮һЩʲĵӣһСɣȻݲУҲɹӵ񣬶ҲǸСϰˡ
һȥᣬӦܹҸ׺ʦ𡣡΢΢˶٣ô겻ӦѾܹԭ˰ɡ
һ˺úõĳġɫһǼᶨס֡
ϾɫѿҲСʹ룬ڶ֡ЩΪҲҪɱҲѡЩΪҲȹȫλԵ
ʦҲŬġҲش
Я˽Ϊֻܹԧ첻ɵһʼʯʱ򣬵ȷġһħ֮ŮһŴӣûжȱʯ⻨ȻСҪõġһ꣬Ǿͳ׳Ϊ⵰
ûʯ̾ʹ粽
ǿʼѧŽڼ󣬵ʯǲáȥһЩܹ׬ǮķӣַŲҵʱʿóԷ궼ڰΪ˵ˣΪûĲ½ˡ
£˶ֻܷ޵ӣΪʯʼܡ
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ʶվ֮ȥ˼ؾһʯܵСȥ˼ʲĵӣųԼɣҲСгɾ͡ΪĻǸ׺ʦĸԶԣٷְٻһζὫԼڵһƷ
ʱǰȥȡԭ£ǳȫԼɹҪöࡣϾôʿţҲɱ֣ӲܽǾ֮⣡
ǰǾԲֶȡԭ£ǻšĻġʲôġϴĥԺѾֻҪЧʵķԼҪĶ
ڱĵطҲλϢԤУһεĶܹ˵˶飬ǱҪ쳥ǡ
Ҳͬϣǵʱܹ˳Ľ黹ˣҲһֱѹܹȫȫķչԼˡ
΢Цſ
Ȼǰе۹ⲻ
ΪŷŶǡ
Сžȥ磬žȥ硣
һʱ֮䣬õĲˡ
ҲڷŬߴ֮£ΪһѾǳ۷壬뻯ֻҪ˳һ٣ܱɻʿ
ΪˣԹ˵ݣεھ顣
ÿһ˵Ķһϸ΢Ĳ˵˼޸ĵġ

졣
ǰô֪ô˵
ŶӲǳģǳڷǰúñġԴһθѧϰСһָ֮½ˮƽͻͽûµľҪСһѧϰ
εȻʮֵּɣ˵ʲôʦʵ̫æ̲ԼͽܣǽǰܹæָһǸмơӵָ㣬־ǷСһ飬ͽϣΪﻹСһﻹһġ
ԭСһѾԶԸˣһӡ
Ұٰ㼼ɾòײܼѵĴһ
ǣΪȻıˡ
ͺܹˡ
СһͷһԼΪˣǸİõıŬϽ

ҷ·ѾԼҵδ
ܲһ㿪ʼ
붨ֻˣҾҾͺúñչسɹͻƻڡҶСһͷ˵ԣʱǾͲùˣѾѡ˱չصĳأҲˡ
һȥ˵ģҲ㣬ֻΪ㻤ѡ
ãôҪѧϰģʱҲ
̵ǣ㡣࿴ҵ˫Цò͵ɣ
֪˵ôֱʲô
ﲻ²ۡ
ǲһ㲻ô
ͻƻڵҲѣ鵤ӤʱѾ׻ħûµħֻҪȹ׽ټɣʱ䣬˵е㳤ˡ
µħˡҼᶨ˵ֻԼû
Щ
ҵ˼ǣħԼ

ң㲻Ϊһˡ
һֻЩǿ߲ӵС
ǰ룬裬ôܹΪĴˣʶ࣬ǸϽһȥеɢ޻߷ˣҪˡ

̧ͷĶЩΧԼˣΪʲôһӾ͵ز
ӦСһ֮ɡ
Сһ˳ԼǴŹһ硣ûСһıӻϳԨΪڵĶսʧأԼĺ̨һӾ˲٣Щһȫðˡ
ǰЩˣȫŹһļһ
ĳЦԶԣЩһǰҹڵһһðˣ˵˲һЩ֮ΣСˡǲ䵱һˣǾ͸Ӳ䣡
˵꣬˦˦ֱӳȥ
Щˣ˭ҲСһ͸Ĺһ

սΪۣɹĻЩǰ׷һˣҲ˳ĲһСջ
ֻⲻǵһˣֻҪﻹŹһЩ˾ͻԴԴϵĹ
վԼΪ̫ô
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Щ谭ˣᣡ
Ҵֻϵķ෢һϢ򵥱ԹһԼĿǰ
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һǻһطŰɡ¸ҵĹһһһĽʣֶҡʵڲҾܷȥҿô׷ң
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СһϢˡ
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ڶҪǶҵĽ̵ȰҪŬֻбǿ˲ܲ۸ƣо˵ǰ̫ɢھҪծʲôġɽĿǰҲĲǺ˳ͬҲڶһЩ׷ɱʲôģֻܳոϢơ
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СһЩɣܲõϰɡ
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֮䣬ҿԼĹһֿСһԼ˹
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Ҫˡߵҵĸǰ˵һֱϵ㣬ٳûзҺܵģ㡣
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㱾ԷģȰŬĻлһߵġ˵衢ɢڱӡӦýֻӵһҰ㲻ܷܲ
Ҫ˵ôžòˣ˭ܱ֤һԷ˵ˣһҾҶʱҪǰ㹻͵ͱ˷ˡ㿴Һò׸ߵΣ˶֪ǹһˣ㿴Ҷ׷ɱʲôˣ
Ϊһֱֻ
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㲻СһСһҵȰôҡ
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111 
Ѿݡ
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ѲɣԼھҪˣ
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ȻǷࡣǰ˶Цеķడ
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˵˵ţǰ֣Լԥķ
ɶΪʲôҪСһһ簡
ΪʲôŹһҪһֱ׷ɱȫûԼ
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Ϊʲôںò׿СһôľͷֶԷǸٻ
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ҿһۣԼı֮С
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ΪʶСһҪõҪĶֻ׷ĹԾ˺ǿҲô̼ޱȣѡ˺Сһȥ
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ΪԼԿŵڣȴûʵ͵һ㡣֪һ뿪֮͵˶㡣ǸʱħѾ׳ֻͣһһֱӣһֱûо
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ħγɣ˵Ҷɶ˼˼ġҲ˵ħԼ棬Ҳҵһ֡Ҳãһиʲôԡ
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112 
ұͻӵеɵۡ
Сһôˣ
ͻȻ˼ֻ֢ǿˣ
˵ԼڻħþȽϿס
СһˣôܻӵһŮأȻԼܲŮӡ
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ϵĴ˶ͬһʶƼǵһʿȴ֪ʲô
ֻ˵Ϊ˳Ϊ˵õɡڳ֮ζʲôǾȫ˵һˡ
ܶʿԼеֻǱĿУԼҲȥС
һЩŬУ˵һΪ˲ϲ֮ࡱܶûڷйʿʲô֪
Уͱһòȴֲ֪Ϊζ顣
ڹʿ˵վֻе޷˳ǰ֮£ιԼӣεһʿӦ˼ĵ·
ǺܶϵСӣСʱ붼ŵ߿ѧͳʲôģ𽥾ͻԼĿ꣬תԼʵѡʺԼȥƴ
ʿȥ֮⣬ûбĿˡ
ܲá
γɵַͻΪˡϷĳͬһ¡
ΪĵرɱˣΪ˥ֻħĻ
ϣΪԴӶᣬΪ˷
ûѡĻᣬҲû˸߹ǿѡ
˵ֻŬƴΨһʽʽҲǿԱڵġ
ҵĳ֣Ϊ˿ٳһ·Щʿ²㲻ҲǿԹĺܺõѡ
ɣֻʺеĴרͨʿûˣû츳ûԵܷȻˣΪβѡʽأ
ҷ˳Ⱥɽ磬ܻȥô
Сһ˵ĿԷҿ˺š


113 
֪ˡĿһۣҴûлɹ㲻ֻܷڷ֮ǰ۶ѡ
ҵĵûСΪ˲ȫĵҲٵʱҷŵˮġ
û취ǧֻһеĵ·أҲڶˣôأ
ѵΪǰֻһͨˣ֮һӵж츳ڽڣܵôĽϲΪĸ
޷Ǿ츳ˣЩʶĽǶˡ
ǲǵ֮꣬Ҳ÷ȥ㣿ҪСһ㻹Ŭһ㣬ȡҷ֮ǰҷʱֻҪȥܾͿˡĿŷ˵Ҿãͺܲأ
ֻƽĿʱ俨ĺܺãϾҪʼˣӦóˡ
Ȱǰ꣬ȥΰɡ
һʱЩȣô죿
׼ôóԺģûüأСһ͸Ҫʼˣ
Ҳ͵ʮµİɡ
ǿ׼ˡɨһ׼Щӻֱ˴ռ֮УһλԨڶƵķǰ·̲ҲҪʮ£㵽Ϣɡ
˵꣬ٷʹֱӷߣһӵĻᶼ
һعѾ˷ϡ
ӵһɵӻһЩǶѾˣҺͷһ֣ЦеĴк
֮ǰһǰ͸ǴϢҽ˻ͻƵĹؼʱڣδܹϵһεĶᡣǸˣǻʱϲϵĻͲȥˡ
û뵽ǲϷۣǾ͸ϹˣҿӣѾǻʿˡ
ǿϲɺأΪ
꣬ȻѾǻΪڰ֮ʱֻǳΪء
ţܻΪԪӤѾܽ̾мˡ
ɼɽв˳ǳԨھһһǿ
˵˵ʦүҲǰھѾǻڵΪԨڣǺӵİ֮ҼȻõʦү彣Ƶĵ·ɲ˵һ䡰Ե֡ˡ
ϲʦãȻô͵˻ڣ
֮ǰǻΪһαչ¸ϲ϶ˡ
ʦˢǳԨĻʿļ¼
ɶ
Щԡ
ˢ˼¼
ȻҲʹһѾ

ҸոͻƣΪЩȣȥϢˡԽԽԼԲԼݣǱ˺ŵģԼı¶λģٻеİɡȹһʱϰҲͺˡ
תͷܵûӰ൹Ҳ
Ҳ뷨ɡ
һеˣһΪȱ˶ߣôҲое㲻Ծġ
Ѿ׻ڵϢλʱܡ࿴˵˴ζǲɣЩָá
ǰģ׵ġ
ʦǹһȻء

Ԩڵ˷׷Ӧ
ֵ˼ҹϵǰȥ˵˵
ԼǿԲһ·ϵĵء
붨ĵص㻹ʮµ·̣ôܹȹ
ǰŸս䣬ŷӳƵ˾ͽķ伷
˳׻񣬲ΪѻΪͬţùزǡ
ʦãϲ˺ݻֱ࣬óԼĴָһʱæûüʲôĺĶ㿴ʲôһˡ
ʶһɨַӵĴָȫǽ
Ƶղعݡ
üһ㿴üĿģԭְã
һɽ㲻ôȻղôĽҪɽͰЩȫ۶ϡ
ҶԴ˾лйһˡ
Ҳûá
Ҫ˻ǮƷ֪Ҫƴ
ȻҪ˽һ±ĽҲ޷Ľ򽣵
ʦ֣ɽɳȥˣͿ˵ֻˣұĵĿ˷һۣбɽ˼˵һ仰
ӱˣûбĶˡ
ʦ㻹һηʱֱӸҰУھȱʯʵ˵
ﵹ׼һĶЦԼʦò
ҲԪӤڣֻһ֮
ԼҪӵ
ʦҪȥͷһһҵ
Ҵ򿪳˵۾Ź⡣
װ⾹ȻһȪ裿
ȪֻȪ֮в֣ܳͨȪˮ֮УܶʱڽȪˮΪȪ˻ǲǷǳõĶһ޼ۡ
ܹȪȪŰǳԨڣֶģ
ӺҲ׷׿ƣ֪ôö˶˵ıǷ˲ƣ
ǽ޾ûǮġ
һԵ΢Ц˵ãʶˣðĳʿץס˱ĵ¡ǵǳģϱҲͰˣþۺɢɣû뵽ԷͼӦıҡҰҵˣ͸ҵл񡣡
ùȻܹԡ
Ҳɸܹ̾ȵЩ츳ˡ
£¡
лԺΪڣһһصġ֪ƵԸûжƴǡȵƻˣֻ͸ƹˣʱܻϰٿʯ裡
Ƕ׼⡭еΣȽϽһʱ׼
ǡǡʱ֮⵹˼ˡ
ҵʶǿ󣬽ܹ
ΪѾʼʻ붨᳡·ⲻ˺ͱԨѾǶţ˭Բ̫ӣɣһϸʺá
ʮһ˴ҪǰԨʺãܲһ·ϽУҲܸųʶƽ
μӶ̫ˣЩٵĺڳԺڵҲϢĳˣָڷһʲơ
ܹóԨڶ̾мӣܱôһҲǺõġ
ص㿴˿Щ˵ĳйߡ
ƶܴ
һģȻ󣬵뾫£ҰȫҲߣҲ¼һЩ棬һСɻĳǮ
һģǷҲܷɣõĻ緲Щ˹ӵС洬
һģ۶ûУһϼԼķԼһЩͽǣҲʮּ򵥹ӣһ۵ġ
һǣڿԨڵķ۵ʱ򣬶Ľʵġ
ĽޣڳԨȻҲڳеʱ
ЩСɶԣԨңɼΡ
գգۣһ̵ʶԼôŬǰ;ŷĳԨڵӣһǲľ
ƽ̨߶Ȱ


114 
ǰ붨ģڸԵСҲֵˡ
СһĻֻȥֳˡ
Ʃͬʦ񣬾̲סĽ˳Ԩڵķ֮ϡ
ǿǳԨڡ
ҲнţЩڵĵȴ˵ǵĳɾͱԨڵ˵ֻө֮⡣ʲôʱΪгɣҪԨڵĽڣ֮лȡһ齣ȥúѧԼļʶǧĽ˵ԨĿ֮еʥء
ֻǿۣһʱȻ
ȻۺܴܺĽ޵ǿôӣһֻ΢Цź˵һ㶼ûмӣȻҲû־ֵķ緶
Ȼ࿴ͻȻԨһ޵Ӷˡ
ҳԨڵķۣȻҲС죿ǺõգһɳŶϷ齣£ٶӹֻһҽУеСûüܣѾӦ
ʶڵĵӣ
ڵ²ϹˣȻڳԨڵĸң
Щ׳ưԣжˡ

ЩֵԼʦ䣬ǾǺһġ൱ŰԵħţȴҲڳһħļƣӹ̣˽ȴ֪˶޹šһεĶᣬвŴ˻ѰҴŰæˡڴҲ֪ƶǲԲһֱи档
û뵽Ԩڵ˸ˡ
£ûQˡʦ¶˾Υ˵ЦݣһʱЩ㶡
ѲɣΪԨڣ
ͻȻĸֵĺ塣˵ǲսʤڣڳԨ˵Լͬһɡ
˿̣Ԩڷϡ
λʦڱͬűԹ
Ҳ̫ˣȷֵġ
ҲˣҪʦʦǺúÿҵĽأСӾȻȶ֣
ݾ߰ݾ߶
ߡ
ĵӱͬԹҲһŴһǰһ䡰ʱϣпɡ
˲üЦ
ԱߵͬǼʵĲУ۵ͷ
ɶ񰡣Ȼһǰ佱ˣ
֪ղžӦǳŶԡ
ҵջʶҲЦоҲűչ꣬ʦʦǵΪнء
ϾҪȥμӶᣬڵĵ̣ȻҪЩõġЦ˵йһǰʲôСҲ¡һεĶܹǳʶ͸ˡţĶǸָ㽣ޣйһǰִ˵һ۾Ҫͷȥ
ұޣҪ㲻ΪȻǳԨǰ̫͵ˣǰҲͳɵΧ³ɳģµľսˡ
һζᣬ˵Ὺʲôؾ죬ʱЩʦʦǽȥúôúռռڵıˡ
ҸܵΧķΧɿ˷һۣ۾ҲЦ⣬֪СһҲǺܿĵġ
Ԩ٣һġ
һ֮˵ûʲôοˡ
ڷϿĵ͵ʮ˳㿴˿Сɵĸֱ֡
ô˵أ
ֳǰҲǰϰһȥͶ˵ʱ򣬼ʮҷڵż׷ְֵʱ򣬾ֳ
Ԩ⣬Ҫǽеġ
⽥ģԨڵķۺŵɾԽԽ֪࣬ĻΪʲôսһҵȫǷۡżһЩ۵ҪǰƵļһûü˵ĻѾԨڵĵǸˡ
ΪܹԸЩµˣԼĵ;һӣÿһγֵʱǵǩ˭˭ϡǰڳԨڴ˴γΪԵλǺ޲ýԨڵı־ĶαװɵǮƭЩٵϹ
ԨڵӺսͷͨôʮ·̣ѾӡЩСɵǵС
⵽Ǹôţ
ѡַ˼ں̫һѡһǶȽϽС磬ȻСĲһ޴ľ󣬶ѻʯʹӯҲЩԴǧǵĵС
ǵλãȻԽžԽȻˡ
ʶһɨں̫һóȫǼƷʯȻܹ֧ŵôģǲƴ֣ЩſɱȳԨǮˡ
ȻҲڵС̻ᣬЩ̻ҪҪǮһиǮ·Եǵģһе׬ûкôЩôȥ
ԨڵλȻõû֮һھĵ棬һȥܸоĳӯں̫һڻ˼Ϻ͵Ӹ·һ·ΪǴɽ󣬻ϲڰǵԱߣ˵Ǿľ
֪֮Թ»ҪΪǺڲǽ˵Ǹ
ǻûҺͷǾͿ彣ڵˡ
ӴⲻǳԨôĵͦġ
˵һδһβͣȻûô
ǿǳ˲

彣ڵģԨڵ˾Ͱû顣
Щ꣬Ԩڰ彣ڿǳױȥˡЩ޵ӣҪʦѡȫ˳Ԩڣ彣ڷ˵ڶѡ񡣷֮ǰǺͳԨڻ˵忪ڼɾһˣ彣ôܵˣ
˵ˣǳԨ˹һԲƮ
彣ڵҲ޲ȥԼɽʦүܲܽԼ彣ҲҲܸȵ𡣿ϧǣ彣ڵĴʦûдӦǵ󣬻ʵ㣬̳ԨڸҲ޷
Ƕľ̵֣ˣ
͵͵Աߺͷӡ
Сһ㿴ûУս˵ĺӪҪӪͷ㻹ûӪ͹ҪǵĵӶ鷳㿴ǣŶҸ̾ѣ̲סΪ彣ڸо
Ҳ˵彣ھͲţˡ
ܹôͳԨڷͥ񣬳ռݽͷȻеġ
ǣǲӪԼ
ԨڣǰĴʦ࣬Ծǽ޵żȫһٿڣһ³ɽлϲڽˣһͽֶԿ˹ȵȵϢȥ֮󣬸ǳΪ˽ֵšôһϢǹڳԨڵģ彣֮ǰò׸һʦҸˡ
Ӫս彣ĿνһͿء
Ҳǰ̾Ԩڵȷʱ˺Ͷռˡ
֮ʢ彣ҲֻűȰһͷˡ
ôôᰡʦ֣˵أ
ᣬĪ彣ڵʼϲԴˣ
ᣬᡣ
ǳԨڽֶٸӡʵҲҪȰǶһǳԨôĵӰ彣ڲƴ֡
أ彣˵һǧأǽĽ
ԨڵĵҲʾ־䶼ڴǵķιӡ
彣ڵȷǧûдЩѡԨڵʿ
ôһ˵彣ڵĵǶʱըˡ
ɶ񣬿ɶ
Ԩڵô˿ɶ
ˣʱؾһ֮ǰѹһͷˡڿɲϵٹܰȫǵʱ򡣡
бǾͽ¼£ҪҪʲô߰Ϣ
ߣ
彣ڵˡ
ڵ·Цеģƺ뵽ǵĶԹ֮һ㣬Ƶ˵ͬΪڣǽ彣ڰ棬мҲǸһЩŵġλ⣬ҲɾܵסԶһЩ
ءԨߵһҡͷǶǿˣ˲ĵĵּܾǣǼ֮֮
ʱҪλã彣ˣ
ȥ֪ᱻôš
ԨڵĵǸƱˣĵľȥס
Сһ˵ڵ˻᲻Ҫȥ£彣ڵһԸǡڷĴϣһûһ˵˵ĵ˾ѡѾ̫һڽˣ˵ҲҪ彣
ġ룬ЦǺ彣жΪͬΪ޵ͳ˵ҲԼˡǾͳ֮УǾǶˡ彣ڷɽĽҲǳصģͶľûм͸Ӳˡ
ǿҲǿнɶԸԨڡϣǶһͳǲܽϵģͳ˿ЦҲΪˣŻתȥͳԸԨڣ󣬾ͿԸǡ
Ƿ彣ԸԨڣǾһˡ
Ҵ˷˼
޵ͳţ˴оҲֻԾǱȥģֻԻǰ;Ҳ׾ˡǲͬͳ֮侺ǵ˾ͲܣΪǱҪĥ
ͬͳ֮˥˳ȴڲģΪ˵ֻĵˡ
ǾͺáҷˣҲ֪ǱûҵʲôһֱûиǴϢҲ֪ôˣ
ûϢǺϢЦǰĵžǡ
ʱڡ
ĺǶһã˴ζ顣
һεؾţݶҰƽϱΪӦѡһڵſѯʵ
ؾڵıؾĵرȻҲΣһ˵ǶԼ洫ֵģҪóãȻҪúһ
ԾԼûʲôȨͰĵﵱˡ
ţ̫һڲ˵ҲҪṩһؾôһüѾ˾̫һĪǰ
ЩؾԴҲҪǧ˰ָܻһ㣬һó̽գ²Ҫǧ»ָʵʵԴЩ᲻á
ᣬôЩСؾ򷢣ҡҡͷ̫һҲһСؾǵؾ֮УӶֵǵѹֻǴͷ߳ѣ̫һڻḺĽ֡
ţҰɡһϹҰؾϹγɣؾɣŸĵرǻҪʱʱĽЩһóȻܻᶪʧĵرҲǰޡЩͬǱҲܾ
ɣҰؾĺܣЩɵȻԱЩСɵĵҪһƬǱΪ£ЩСɣǵĵӶ棬ǲͲˣﻹ£ҿƽϱãȻ·ҲطΣԵ͡
ֻ˵Щʿû£֮ôܲĳϷҪ£ҲЩбǱţǽΣ˵״ǡԸȥľȥԸȥľͲȥܵǻ˻᲻ô
ų֮
ҲҰ첻
ˡ

ͷƣֻ
ǰôûзʵŵ˴ܱأұ˵ƺ֮Ķࡣ⻰˵ģ֪ĻΪħţȾȻȷ£ϢģһĲʳڵδȴ죿
ǿɱ
ģƺлҪ˵ֱӵĵ֡
ֻʩʩȻţֻ״ǲʱ򶨼ᣬŸɵŶҪ濴ؾ飬ǼԼĵӲ״Ҳǲǡ
˼ǲѡؾ
ҵ˼ǵʱЩҰؾĵһϡǶԼʦȣΣԹ۵ųҲ˲ɱޣֻôһǾҪԭطء룬Ա֤ǻȫͬʱҲܿЩźͳǵʵʵΪ˾Լҵӣض߾ȫ
˵ЦЦ˵Щؾĵӣʹ಻ܿʲôֻҪǻţԺȻɾ͡õϵģҲӦЩɵĳϼһֱҪ̽ɵʵһ˫ȫ
룬ȻЩޣҲ˵
ҲĿģȫҪĵġ
˶㣬Ҳôˡ
¾ͽˡŶĳ˵ģҺܿ㡣¾ȫȨɣʲôҪæģֱ˵ǣһԸȫЭ㡣
ɫһ֪Լǲӵùġ
ÿ֪вٳﶼĬĬԼ
һؾܺͲͬɴ򽻵ʱǸŸɸ͵׬ôܹ˲ʣ
ǹͷ񰡡
ԼȻôһ飬ȻĻϡ
ֻĿڳΪʸ֮Ҳı⡣
һעҪĴΨһİ취ԼΪҴƶˣ˲ܽڳû֮ǰҸȫĵط
֪ˣˡ
ΣȴҲ֪ⲻԼܹܾ顣
ңҪ˻ӦϣӶûҵͽ䡣
ǣšĻǽ½


115 
ĳأܵ˿ǰĻӭŵûҴӷ
֪ðһЩĵʿۼǰֺľҪһҵķɡ
һ
˵ڻϲķνԿˣǼٰ
ҲμһεĶô
Ǽ͹һ鰡
׽
׽

׽һôļƺͲι
ΪʲôЩܹͻط׼ȷҵķ䣿

һжֽš
ҸͲʶǣǲҪĺ˿ӻһ˼Ǻô׬˷˿ǮҿһǮû׬˵õǼ
ޣûǮҲܼǣ
ܻӭζĿ˵ƣȫġҲ
ҲŲҪȥʶԼЩߣָϽѹȥСһǿɲмƣ˭֪Щûǵɱ֣Ҫɱҵõһ˶ǣҿɲܸǴᡣ
ҲһֱŲȥɡεĿ
а취Ŀ࣬СһȳȥǵҪ΢Цֱǣ͵͵ȥ

ڣǿ϶ע⵽ССҵġѾˣһ
ޱ顣
ʮּ
ҲֻܴӦ
ǳԨЩƺûзаصգһɵļơ
ʦãʦ㣩ܻӭ
ڴܹӷһЩʿ˳չʾһǳԨڷɵʱ򣬾ͿҵķŴˡ
ŵʿҲ쳤˲ӿ
ĲǴ˵еңΪҲǸˡ
ӲǸ˺ÿˣ
ԨڵĵҲɵˡ
һǰô⻻һͷ
Ѳǰױһ
ǰͺҪڿ͸Ҫˡ
Ԩڵ˻΢ǿ㣬ϾǰܽǰձǻϲڵǰħǶܵȻֵ֮ñȷ޻Ҫ徻
ЩⱻŹʿǣǾͲһˡ
ƽʱ˰ϵ˶οѾĴķࣿ
۾첻ˡ
۽⣬·ҡڵֱ˳ȥ
ЩʿǣѹûԱ߿
͹ſˡ
ĿЩˣһԷųһĨӣ˦뿪
ЩʿʼգĿԾɷ˷᲻Ƭ̳롣
Ȼ⼤ȫڷǸ֮¡
ˣһӴҲͼôһˡ
Īǻϲڵˣ
ѣ˼ҽôǿôǻϲڵˣ
Īǹһң
Ǹˣ
ǣ˼Ůġ
ӣ
ҼҲǡ
Ҫ֪˭ʳԨڵ˲֪ˣ
ееҵ죬˰һֱûͷ˵ĸǧ봫˵еĵҲˡ

Ԩڵĵӷ׷׼
Ѿ֪ôȥǵĹһǰˡ
ŷɫӹһ١
ҾһӶҪطˣţҲǵˡ
ǳô˻ú͵ȥ羰Ҳһó
뵽һͳֻԨڵĵǶ˸ϢǲҪ˵˳Ҳ߷ԼĶλʱ˾͹Լ
ţԼϢϢ˳㿪һһֱҪھڿٳԼһƬ
ò˵ᣬе㶫
ҹһĶͦࡣҩĸ࣬Ե൱١
Щ˻ǲ
ҴӴָһŹʵһڣޱе뵽ֻҪһСյټ򵥸ıһԼòһڵʿй䲻ǰȫĺܣ
ٺ١
һõСҲûˣЩСǮе㻯ʿĸ
һҷΧʿǶʼһۼ̲ס˴ֵġ
˷ɵһ߸ߵ̨ǰĳ֮󣬶ʱȤ
ŶȻʱһ᳡أҪʼ۸ߵã
Ҳ֪ʲôöô
ͳһɣҧһڡ
Աߵʿ̲סԶ
ʿô£һ·ϾһֱڳԳԳԣҳԵĻȻѾٹûпڸ֮ЩʳҲǻĺòã
֪Լעȫˡ
λѣлǰͷҾлҪĶǶԴкôĶҶ֧֡
Է̵һѣ˵ⶫôôѵã˴ҵθڡ
Ҳɵ˶䡣
Ӧ֪˴ζЩСɵʿԣҪĳȥŵȼ֮⣬ɿĶóǵؾƽʱ̽ѰЩؾһЩСؾԴޣľؾЩУҲǵĵӲܱеĸ죬ӵиĺԴˣһεؾ֮УõĻᡣ
ÿһεĶᣬȱЩΪؾþı͹ȵȶȵһɳʿ˵ؾʱ˶ר־
ҡ
УؾҲܵġ
ʲôԴеĻﻹҪȥܶؾΪоԶԭѾʧȥҪǵġ
Ȼļؾܵһһĸ²˰
Ҳ룬ЩؾǧݵҩҩʲôģǴǴؾҩҩĿή»عؾѭҩĶʿˣҲһˣؾȻԽԽˡ
ܶؾΪԭµ˥䡣
ЩؾǿԼŵġ
һóҰ졣ҰϹγɵĶ츣أҵѲݣʿдáõһѲݣеڵԴõˡóؾɼǶһζĿءʹˣҲлڵĴ󷽲ǡ
ﰵĴڣǿˡ
ʿǹٷġ
˳ս
ܴӦ
ǱҪӡ
Ŀ̨ϣ᲻أȴÿ˵Ķֻһ˵
ڽҰóӦõİɣ췽ҪôġһβžٰĻӦþ̫һڽؾóˡģʲôʱ㲻һأҪڣ㴵
̨ϵʿƺԤϵнֵˣҲգλĪͽóˡ
˵ţʿ֣ƯӴϻ̨ˡ
һҪģҰ·ͼ̨ϵʿϴгЦݣֶ࿴һۣҴڼλȥҰĵ·ͼԱ档Ȼ·ͼҲѾ˲Σպõĵطõؾ֮ܽʡʱ䣬Чʵɴ˴̽աۣͯ۸ߵã
꣬˸ۣתߡ
ؾʲôģȫû뷨
ȥһ£Ķ޸Ҫ
Ųȥַ磬ʱ仹ȥϿûʲôĺóԵĿĿİɡ
Ȼ׼תʱֻϢˢˢˢľˡ
ҵ㿪һȻرѵķ෢ġ
ǲأ
ǵĻǵȥһҰ·ͼ
ĴϢҰǱڹģܹҵһЩ˿·ͼǲȱģˣ·ͼʱǱ߾нˡ
Ŷ
߱򣬼۸㿴ֲһ䡣
ԿԣСһڳɹʦˣѾ֪ܹ͹ˣ˾ë޶ײ޶ֲá㲻޶Ҳб޶
С
ֻתȥװԼɶɶǡ
ֻҪƤû˻עԼġ
ⲻ̨֪ϵǸһֱڶҵľٶóһηʹŲµݡ
Ԩڵİɡ


116 
ȻԹѱҾͺˡ
Ȼ˭Ǯ˭Ǵү
ҴЩʿΪߵҲԪӤڣ඼𵤡ЩЩСﶼѾ˲õˡϵʯȫӦöûҶࡣ

Ҫڹ⽫·ͼųһ·ͼôֵܾôʯ
̨ϵ˺ܿ͸˼۸񣬡һǧƷʯģÿһμӼ۲õһƷʯ
Ʒʯ
Һþûˡ
ȻǴӼ״Ѱ
Ҳɵķ˼һԼҲǽıʱʴ˰
ıʴĺܿ־ˡ
ûкܿ֡
ȿ˴ŸʲôǮ
Щʿ۸֮󣬶Щȣôô󰡣ǵȫˡ
˺һҲſǸЩԪӤʿ˵һǧƷʯ
žͺ
̲סô뵽ͺծ۵Լһ
ЩʿʶĴճһѣƺԴմգ·ͼ֮һ𿴣ĻԼ۱ߡ
ǣ۸ֺ
һǧһ
һǧ
һǧ塣
ǧ

۸ǵʮ֮ҸܵЩСɵʿƽжôѡ
ȻҲСҲ˺ܶࡣ
˺һŲŲæľ֣٣Ʒʯ
Ʒʯ⼸֣ʿ̾ѻȸˡ
ƷʯǴŽҪͷģҲϣôôǮ·ͼ
û·ͼҲǶ໨ʱ;ȥ̽նѣ·ͼǶδܹҵõֵƷʯĶ
ԣ۸ֵ
ܹ۸ģһǴɵӰɡ
˲Ľĳҿ˹ȥ
һ˵ĽȻûκζֵ½·ͼˡ
Ǯȥ
ˬ
Ҿûֽӵʺ̫ߴˡ
ȻصԨڵľۼأЩʿȻѾ۳Ԩ³ֵһ˾ȻǹһĻ⡣
òǷͽйһЩ˵ȵȡ
κʱ漰һ»ĲԵ
֣վ
ҪһԾһİ
ȻȻӪѧϲҡ
ְҵһǹѾϰĳԵҲáϾ˶֪һһʿɲһ⿴ҲǸɱ˲գ۵ģֻԶۣ˵Ҫ˼ҵĽûеطվˡ
һ֮󣬾ͽԨڵĵټЩ׼ǰȥؾ̽յģȻ·ͼ˳
ǿ·ͼǲģȫţҹҲе涫档ʵҲûжĵĻȫţΪǸϺ겻ܲһ֡һ򲽽ޱˣҲȷõϢһġ
ԣҪ֤һ
Ԩڳ֮ǰѾѡؾ̽յĵѡ
ҪбµľȥûҪľͲȥ
Ʃ֣ȫûбҪȥ
ǻˣ϶ҲûбҪȥ
ȥĵһ㿨ڽԪӤھͲˣܽؾĶȫռˣҲʲôҲãԵǲӡ
࿴˿·ͼ߰˳ġؾ·ͼ㻭γɶһȻɵġؾˣͻֺᷢܶؾ֮
ˣУȥ̽ؾʱעǷкصĶҷԸҰڷǱģǱ߼пܲнʲô˿ǵûǡ
֮£ٵӶѾʦǱ˸ţ֪ⱾӦǳԨڵĶֻǲСˣҲһš
ҵĻΪĿ
Ǵ㵱˦ƹ񣬰ӸĵˣԼûһȥؾȥ̽ô
Уһǹһһǹһ飬ڳԨҲ쵼ˣʲô鶼ҪΪĻЩͨǸ˵ˣҪǽȥ϶ᱻץסСӵĺòã
ҵװ׵дԼĴ㡣
Ҳԣջ
Ԩڵĵ͵͵Ľһߣװƣ͵ԼǸģҺ͹һǰ֮üȥʲôġ
˶֪޵žǽ
ҲǽĻ
ϹһǰòʦǸʯͷģôϦദ֮¿϶Ҳöġԣ˽ﶼĬֹϵġ
ֻҪϲϣҲͲ˵
ҽͽĹϵɱʲô˫޵µĹϵĿɿˡ
ǳԨڵĶǰ֪ˣȻ֪ǿ϶Ҫûġ
ʦģһú̽顣
šĿЩͬǣˬˡ
ԼְҲһôûеġ
飬ýͽȫԼô£
ڷĿʼ
ȿʼģȻЩССɵĶᡣ
ֻҪŵˡ
ҪǿЩжٳϣжٵӣŴжٵ̶ٲƸǷﵽı׼ЩеģͿЩϺ͵жҩླΪʵǷʵȵȣֻҪǼҩһʵѧģչʾһΪͲˡ
ǧ궼˵ģԽǿʿʶԽǿһͬʱһⶼûС
ǰЩȻ࣬Чȴһ㶼
УҲȷʵ˼ӡ
ϧнġ
С޵ҪڴѵöࡣΪֶȥĸ֮⣬Ҫʦָ㣬һϺõ齣Ǽֵ޷õĽޣǻսҪ۰롣
ˣСĽޣĿǰΪһ㲻ո¶ͷҲ޷ֻҪǽļᶨ츳ܱĽڿˡ
ǰʦãҾǸﻳɣĽ޻ѵſڣһ޵ӡ
Ҳɳŷӿ˹ȥȷʵʦ֣ҶǸ˽ӣ˵µķҲ̫ˣҪƷȥҲ޷ġ
ǸﻳɣȻֵĲرڣǰıֵУȷôַӵɡĳ츳ΪޣԷӳʵʵǰѽ裬ҲĽƥ䣬һöġ
ʵҲȷˣﻳɣŲģѱġ
ҪﻳɣͬʦֵһŬǵӦþѾҪ߳Ʒ֮Ʒˡ
ѣҲ֮ΣֻǴָ֮һܲܽŷˡûҵĵ٩ʦ㣬ǰ̫ˡ
ȥЩ־ᶨģʣµĿȫڹһǰϣѹûпˡ
֮ʲôһǰһδ֮Ҫǧһ㣬ѾԿ϶ˡ
⻰ϵЦԽãѽҾϲֱ˶Ľʺֲȡҵӡ


117 
Ҿְֲġ
ǰҲϲҫҫʵҪƢҲҲ˳
Ҳûʲôϵ
ڲһˣѾ˸ߵˣ߻Сһôһɱٲҫҫǳʥˣ
˻֮Һ͸ܹԼԸ֮еȱˡ
˴ĵģϾøˣĳ̶ֳԼ
ڡ
Ĵδй㡣
ƣЩôĽĿ޲ȡ֮ϻÿͽһԡ

Сһʵ̫ˡ
ֺÿֻܴһ˺ã˭ܿסۣ
ЦʮֿԱߵķӼҲҲЩﷺᡣ
ʱ򣬵͵õġ
Щ浹ʮңƵЩˡ
ʲôĲأҪصʤ
ֻҪӮ˾С
ԣҲҴӮӮ
͹ˡ
ҺͷཫķͷװףҪСܵҲܲʿ۾Ҫﰡ
ֻܹԹԡ
ǣֹ֮£ǰЩСɵͽЧʼߣмһЩСҲΪ˵ڼӿ˽̣ܿ͵˿Ұʱ
Ȥǣڿĵ죬Ҳûڵĳϯλ￴ġ
ܺãһǽ鶼ӸҺͷָ࣬һעء
ȻôڴˣӦһҲʵڶԲ
룬ǰǰȥؾ̽յĵټȻһ˷һŷֶָֽһǼǵֻʱϵŽǷߡ
գҺͷ׼ʱ׼㲢װһ´ͬɫ·һ̶ȸֱ
ҾΧԼϵ߸ˡ
治ɫĳŷһ㣬˶ҪڷĻ
֡ЩΣ֮ͥµأǳԨڶҲҪġ
Ļʽ쵼һ㶼Ҫܳʱ䣬Щˣҿ˵
ʿʮ겻˯ҲµġεĻشͱװˡ
ҲܣҾôɡ
ðɡ
Ȼ̬ȼҲͲȰˡ
ԹԵĳ䵱ҵʱͷһŰ˷粻ҿԼĻ
彣ڵĽüҪȥҾһս
ǹһ鰡һ飬ҫǲе̫ˣ
֪һ黹ǷĻԼżȻôһ޵ߵˣ
⿪Ļʽ㽲졣
ǿ˵
˵Ҳֱ˯ȥ
쵼ǱȰҩҪߵĶ
ҲôȤף;Ұ̽յɷһƣ˼ǵΣȣ˿ƾ˲䴫֮оԮֻǴͽȥ֮󣬾ζŵ̽յʸԶɥʧ֮Զ뿪ؾ
ɴ˿ɼҰĲȫ
ҰһЩ׼ؾ̽յʿȲĳ˽ȥҲΪҺֻҿѾûʲôоˡ
һҪĻֱҵƬЧϴԣٿͨͨЧͷʱ;˿ˡ
ѾǻʿܶණѾȷʵѼµȤˡ
뵽ҲЩ档
Ż˰꣬ѾúܶණˣЩǧ˵ôֶģ
޳ȫû˼òã
Щ⣬ʱû˸һش
ؾ̽գںܶʿǹĦĺûᣬҲʶĺûᡣǶֻϵʿ˵ȫȫСѧ˶ˮƽ
ϾȥĶһЩ𵤺ʿԪӤڵĶ١
ΪСɵԪӤѾǳϼ𣬲̫ܽȥһ̽գΪ˲γѹ֮ƣҲĽĵѹȥתɲôĵӽȥõʱ˴ΪЩСһô̲
Ҳֻܴ񣬺úùۿôһСѧ˶ᡣ
ǳԨɳԪӤڵӡ
治ǲϽ͵ˮ׼ǽڵĵҲŵӵˮƽŵô࣬꣬μ᣿ңڵĵɽⶼûɽȥҴô
ԣԨֻȫԪӤݡ
ĴɼҲԪӤݣЩɵһʼڽؾ֮ѡ˱ȽƫƧ·ߣСɵ˶ϡ
ҪЩˣԵԼǣӹȥҪǴ˰ɣԼ϶Ӯ˼ҵԴЩԴԼ˵ܸͲҪ
ôôǿԾҲˡ
ԨڵĵҪѰйڽģԴʲôĲǵĿ֮ڡˣֻҵָʾȥ̽ؾˡ
ңȥһؾĵطҲǱ޶ë²һƬתһת
ӣΪβʵĵطʦͽ̡
ңΪ죬ζϡؾôȻǹĵطؾȻѩ̿ǽ
ӣ̣ܽ
ֻϽ󣬳ԨڵǾ;óڵΧˡ
֮ǰ·ͼԵʣǺܿҵȷķ
ڵ˴۵Сۡ
Ԩڵô£ǶѾ͸·ͼˣöĵطҪ̽ҲȥЩΪƫƫ֮ĪǣѾԼļƻô
Ա߿Һ͵ֻϵĽ̸룬Ҳ˵ĺеδؾΪλ飿
ЩĿŷ࣬ⲻ֪ô
ܼ򵥵
һ˾ҪȥעһС˾ĿĲΪ˽С˾ֻάĻôȻҪҲȱǮĵطвˡĿԸӯĲ֣˾ŲܡϾĵطܣܻ˾𵴡
κʱĹֻпǲȫ̰壬úôŶȥĳ
ֵκʱͨõġ
ӻˣŻԼȥؾ
ԣƲͺܺô
νţͿԿҵҵܶҵ˼άȥȻҲһˡ
෴ͷңЦҲֻǵ磬ŻὫ֪ʶ̻ˡʿֻУҲֻѧܹĳ̶ȣעУΪǵжϣɱǵĵģЩƹһɻƹһŵĳϺȻǲȥѧġ
ЩˣҲǴͷʼһһѧĹ
˭ŻὫԼŵĴѧʸ֪أ
ǲܵ¡
ƲƲ죬û˵ʲô
Ĳͬ
Ǹǿ궼ǰѧϰһЩѧ֪ʶϸֿγ̴ѧôϰıѧô˵Ŀγ̶öࡣ
磬ʿŲЩ
һֱû̫Ľûԭġ
ʿͷ˶ܻĲɷҲܹԽ౾⡣
ƩֻɻڿзУֻҪһھͿˡ
Ҫģķ罵궼ҪƼֻͬҪһھˡ
ƼҪϴ£ֻҪһʿȫʿǡһôȥôȥƶ
ҲͦãȻôܹӣҵɵ˵СһҲúѧѧôС쵼ˡȻǱҲǴˣ֮Ҳиߵ֮֡ںܶ鶼ǲԶȥģûЧʲ˵ᱻ˼ɵ㿴ھͺܺ
ĵ˵ͷ
ȷкܶҪѧϰĶ
ԨڵĵǺܿؾΧ
ʱȽϴɣȻ⸽ûʲôڡ
ҰؾΧһƬݻ
һöҩֲٶܳԵµļ۸ȶҩܹúòժһҲܻһСơ
Ƿؾǵñ˸ժ˲ɡ
ֻһСǡ
Щǰ˴ʿֻĲժһЩ뿪ˣϾװҩϻޣǶ˷ҩûеطˡòҰ죬ѲɻܿЩСǮ
ˣԨڵʱǿ̵ġ
ٶȺܿ죬ұȽϡ
Ҫ̽飿
֮ǰķأúҿ
ǡ
Ԩڵĵ׼ǽƬϣĹۿķĴѰ
ɶɵˡ
ԨڵĵӷôĺõطȥƬĵطʲôؾȻ÷ǵĹۿ
Ŷڼɡ۲գĲ˵ǳԨЩȽ⣬ܸλۿʵڱǸ
ڵĳѾʶ˲ԡ
ԨڵĵӷôõطȥƬͨݻһǷʲô
׻˵Σյĵطȫĵط
ڽ۵ĵطһֱ˷֡Ԩڵӣƺ׼
ɶѵڲͽô
ʱ˿̣ͽѾһƫƧĵط
ڵһء
˵ǽҲڡ
Ӧһר޵ĵط
ǰںΪã˾ʹ˲ӣ㻿ʿǵ裬ҲǶһıϡ
Ȼֵǣ߻ˮУֻǲóޣƬ԰ȥ˽ĳȥרŵķ޻޹ΪЩ޳֮⣬û˹ˡ
ΪޣǰҲǾΪЩġ
ԭûлɹطġ
ֻЩ꣬ұͽܴڵĵطȽϺȷŵĶϷѵν֮нյʬǴȴһϢûС
ȥȦ˺üпܵĵطѡĵڶط
ԭܼ򵥡
Ķ࣬Ӧ÷ǵ˵취ŵ˲ЩȻ½½չά԰;òԾˡ
ھôƴҲһûκõĵطôǮ
طҲһڸжûУԼܶΣÿһȴʶĺԵطǾ͸ˣ԰Ҫȳ˼һܴӼҳطȻҲûʲô˵ġ
ΪҲעⲻ
ڷѧһ㣬ԡ
ԽҪĶԽҪԼƤӵ²Żᰲġ
ˣʿ͸ˡ
ŵĶ԰ǡþʶԵĵطƺΪˡ
Ĳʲôɺϡ
ȾûдֻȾ˵ǵԣûֱʹ֡δôᱻȾӰ죿ȻˣΪλӶȥأ
ľܷ͵͵˽
Ϊ˱һͨ޵ӵ·ѹΪõͨڵķġ
С̽롣
ԽߣԽǾЩŹ֡
ΧôͻȻϡˣϡı˵ˣ΢һΪʿЩܲˣоЩڷˡ
ǣڣôƫƧҲϡز
ԼǰʱƬ԰ôô
˵ΪǰʱԼԪӤϣԺڵԼȫַ羰أ
˼Ϊ͵ķܹطȫò
룬ָԼһ㱣Ӱʯ
⻹ǴѧģӰܲһʲô⣬˵ӰʯﻹܷһЩ
أķԼʧȥ˷С
淽λǰǰȫһģһĵ·ͺȫǸƹһôߣƺһط
Լ֪ԼҶ˵ط
˶󷨣ƫƫֻΪ͵Ĳܿơ
ΪԽߣԽ޷֡
Ϊ͵ʿ㷢İѵֵΪʿܻ߳ô
ֶֻȫġ
ľһ·һ·ߣ˾Ҫˡ
ܲʲôʱڳ׿ˣҲȳܶԼȴʲôҲ֪ǿ
ҪҲõ׹
Ҫŭһһ١
˽ֵѪĻȴԼ
С
ӣܾЩ
ʿ߶㡣
İɡε˵ûг˳ɾҹӰӵء
ĵǸ಻ɸ̾ĶĹǾ鷳ˡ
оǸһϳɵļһһ˶ǲ²Щʲôġǵˣǿеͷۡ
ҪкһĹڣôܻûأҡҡͷйھס˲ţԲŻһ˥䰡ҵϣܹܸһ㣬ȻҪҽǲ֪ҪȵˡǾԸٵҲǵõġ
ʱҰԨڵĵǵ̽ⷨ˶
ʦ֣һ̲סָĳһƬھĻ˵ô֦
⼸ԨڵĵҲŴչͷ
һ֦ʮ㣬Ȼ⣿Ҳ֪ʲôĵر
ʲôĵرһСʿĬĬ˵Сʱ˵ĴﵽǣǺͨĻ֦


118 
֦
ɣ˼Ʒ֣ǧҲгɾǳҰģҿѾЩͷˣ֦ǿġһԨڵӷ
ʦ֣ǻ֦Сʱ︽СǶ˵йճԹԲСӿ̫һڻ׽Բأĸ˸ҾԲǴġ
ʦ˵ôĵʣ¼ʦҲЩŹˡ
Ҫֱʦ㣿
ԨڵĵǺܿ͸ҷϢ˵һ»֦顣
ǷƷ֣ͻȻǱģ̽ⷨ־⻱֦ⶴйϵǿ϶ͷǱѰˡ
ҿǷֻϢһӦǳŷ࿴˹ȥ
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񣬳ԨڵĵȴҰҵ˻֦ζʲô
ĪǣǸ֮Ұʬڴˣ
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Ȼ֪Ϊγǰǻ֦ѡ
ˣǻǼҰɡ
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ҪǵĹʲô
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Ԩںڵ⶷ֱдϣһһĿƷƽ˾ʵʲӿǶССɣǾ֪ôġ
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û뵽ǣû뿪ڣıط˿ȸһ
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ԣǱطΨһþӡ

̲סЦ˳
Ȫ֪Լţһ㱻˻ֻ֪ʲôĸأ


119 
ֻ÷̡
·ѾָˣһﾲĴţһȴĳ
ģϹô
㿴ЩѪˣڣЩЩ֣ΪŮˣҲڣΪɣΪ˹Ӳдϧͬҡβģڣ
һţһЩˣǸо֮ô
˵ҪΪ˱ǲѶΪ֮˵ҪӱЩĶǣ꣬мн⿪ֻصģȴǸӲĳ
̡
ô
ʮľţһ
ڣԴΪҪ棬һӶ಻ȡΪ
֮һ·չ׳󣬳Ϊǧ綼׵Ӵš
ǣȴ䲻ˡ
˵ڣô
ĶиġҲȹõʱ⣬ҲﵱԼҲһĵطڣǴһʼͽ͹ֿһʼͶԳԨһεϡȵֳԨȷʵ֮󣬲ж·ǿľͼŵĺá
ǡ÷ǼŵһǽŽԼֿɼʹˣٻǶиġ
ڵӣԸƴͽͷҲţɢҲﹴĶǿ
ʧˡ
ŶԱʿ֣ǶʿĶ˫ƽȵģҲǿġŶԷ˶֣ʿͷ˵ϣǹյġһԴ﹩֣۸ǵļ䣬оͬħź죿
ΪԼѾĹˣû뵽Ȼܸ

֪᲻ЦȴЦ˳ЦԼ޴ŻһϣҲЦź㾡һУȴݱ
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ûʲôֻЦʵѾƽˡЦݣĿЩ˵˳ŵʱ򣬴Լǿˣ˵һЩʵϣ嶼ǺƽģҪȥıһⶼûСֻĻҪҲܳԱȺã֡
Щ˱۸˼ĵҲ

ֻ˼һӣٺãҲ˼ԸԸ
ҡҼǵԼڵġһ϶˼ֶ˵ɣҼǵڵҵģҪȥҵˡûϵԸԿġ
ǵǵģԸԿ࣬ҲҪȥ濴
ܹȥʵ̫ˡ

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ˡ
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΢΢ü˵Сӣҵ˰ɡ
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ǸֻȽǾȳȥǿСӣҵȻٻҲ˵ˣ岻ãҲܴǵͬʱҲĻ˸˵Ƚ׽˽ܣҽߣٵӰȫһ㡣
룬Ҳ
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һһ˿־壬ǻǼᶨĸĵĺ档
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ԣһʲô
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˵ѻꣿɻѾɢֻ֦棬ѵõ
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ٴĵԪӤյһɶ˿ܵĿܡ
ǰæյǵʬ壬ȫһһǲ֪Щ˵ֻ֣ǰǰʶˡԨ֮Ĺ֡
дббȫǻȥġ
û˻Ǽƽϡ
¹֮£ǽյʬҶȻżȶķ˹ȥ
ǣҪȥ¼󷨣


120 
һת
һ
ڸղѾ󷨣ǰǵҲ˵ǵɵ˲Ѿ˽ᡣǶѾȥԼҪˡ
ҲУҪȥҵ̫ˡһ˵
Ҫȥ˼ûа취˺ҡ
Һ;ΪĴԼˣȥ
ǡҲһȥɡ

ʮǶԼĴ㣬ΪǶûоͱѪҺ㻯ԵʣǶмûʲôִҪȥԼҪӡΪľʱ˵ǲġ
Ѿͬһط̫̫ãòѾԼ˫ȣȻҪȥط
ãǾʹ˸Ժлᣬټɡˬĺǵ
磬Ҫȥﰡ
԰
磬㻹û˵Ҫȥ
֮ܵѪҺһͬʱҲ֮һûܵյѪҺ㻯ǰѾһˡûգܻҪǧܳ͡
ҪȥǵĶ˵ǸʲôĴڣشΪԵʣܵѪҺԺԺһЩļƬΡ룬ʲôľͳôһأҺܺ棬ҪȥѼһ¡ҲҺѧһд飬ϾдĹ£ȥ
ۣǸܺƴĹ̡
磬ȥɣ֧㡣
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Ǹ˵ԼĴ㣬ֵ
ʼŬȥѼյһС
˳Ԩڡ
ڳԨɽµ˲䣬һӰ̾ͷɵĸǰ
ʦܣ
Ǹڿ廱֮ϵʧ֮ɫԱʦܰ˭ΪκʦܵϢһģһ
һֱԱŻķ
ҽס˷֡
֮ǰʱ򣬷һֱѹֶŭģֻǼ䣬·ֱӾͳȥЩ˸ɱ˸ɾ
ٻȥɱˣȴɱˡ
ͷɲΪģ֮ͨϵɱ¾ġ
һΣҲû뵽ڻļ￴ȥ֮һˡ
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ԨڵڶţҲѡڳԨڣ縺εһ
ֻڷ˵ĹһֱһƤ󡣿ȴһؿɿˡ
򵥵˵ԼյĹϵ
Ѿŵ꣬ɲǣһʱԵòࡣ
СҲѾ뿪ˡ
һһͬʦֵǶ뿪
ԨȴҪһȥ֡
֪ʦʦʦǴ뿪̶ȵķɢ˶ǵĹóԨڵԹӲд
ֻǣҲûа취ۼһˡ
֮˻һӣʱԨס£òлû¡
֪ŻҪѰյӰӣҲĺܹ¶ֻǻԼҪ飬
֪˶ãڸ
ѼЩϢյʦŵһУ벻˹ϵ
ԣҲҪȥĵط
ֻǣʱԶԶһƵģգҲֻܽʬ֮УȾɱֻʱ뿪
ֱһ죬ͻȻܵһֵϢ
ϤϢǵΧյˡʱɢӣΪǻʹû뵽һá
ŶʱѾȥô˰
˵ʱ䲻˯һҲʱŵж졣Ƕҵ˵ȴǵ췭ظ
ˣҲֱµǵȫǷˣûһӵ
Щ뾡˸ְ취Ǻʿͨ顢ͨ顢Ǻħͨ飬ʣµȫûģûСĵرҲȫʧܸա
ǲòţǰ䣬ˡ
ҵҲûа취̳ٹ⣬ԶԶĶҪɷˡ
ЩԾɲҵʿܽܡ
ˣǼһãڡ
Ҫġ
ڵõҪģȴΪ˸˲ʹĴۣܸģ
ˣٶ۵ڣϣһ˵
ûа취ӽǣҲԶЩ顣
ֻÿҪԶʱԺ֮оͻ̲סյЩ
룬Լ̫ܵˣŻһֱûа취ͱһԼոѿ
ڵȺá
ֵǣֻҵһһĽȥȴҲûпǳ
ֲ֪˶ãڵһؾؾ֮зյϢ
˵֮󣬺ؾ֮Ĺϵ
ﱻϢϢء
ǡãҲյѪȫ˴˹Ĺϵٳһ·
ؾͿֱ
ֻҪƳЩϰػ󷨡
ûбķķԼ
ԣԼֿҰﲻͬĵط
Щ֮Уĵڳһȱڡ
ȥա
ȥ桢˽ȴûʽˡ
뷨ܵҲɲ̫Ķ
ļտʼȻҲô
䵽ˣȻֹˡ
ֻԪѾ͸ȥ˸ĵطҪȥˡ
Щܹüġ
ҿ࣬һοֶ˵
ֻǿһӰܸܵеıʹԼˣǾȫһָˡ
Сһֱ˵ԼɷǣʵϲˡԾΪǰ̣˵ɷأͣãҲֻ˵ôһ仰
ŶЩ˵ԽǴľǿǿҰ޵ˣǵĲ
֪ҰĿֱġ˳ŷĻ˵ʲôʱȥ
ʲôҪҪȥֻҪСһҪʲôʱȥˡ
յʬǡ
һãյʬȴܼڡ
ѾǻѷѾȣѾҪռ֮ͣУͬЩ˴һˡ
ȥᶨ
ҵڶĵǷ˸Ϣ
Ǽڸǰȥǣ˴ؾ֮УԨڵӿǰˡ
ǳɡԨڵӿҷģҲʶһЩԾ
ǳ֮ǰķϡ
Һͷڵƣϳµ˲ͽ˶֮С
Ҳû뵽ǸƣҺͷɨ˲ϰ벻ҪǴⲿǿн붴ˡ
ڵЩҲҰﻹ̲һֱܹͨͨ
һԼͨ
ǲǹһͽô
ԨڵҰ޶ûǽȥʲô
Ԩôֵģ
Ȼ⣬ȴǼԹۣе㾪ϲ
Ͼƽ룬Ԩڵӳ˾ζѾѰвûˡȻԨڵĵһʼɨԴﻹǵȣ
ڵĳֱЩԣֲ֪ﲻԡǻǵһʱͬöֱӽ붴֮С
ܳԨڴʲôǶֹ
ҳ˻֦ĵط
ڵǹһݣ뿪˶֮С
ҽһݸ˷ࡣ
ͽܣȻٵ·
ȴҡҡͷʾ֡
ϣý
ҪԼĵӣԼ߶һңĽҲá


121 
ס֣ǴʲôڵĳѾǰʿ棬ǳԨĪҪıǵؾɣ
棬ôɺʿԹǣǵĶţҲһһʮֱμӶ˹ۿ
ڵ˲š
ǳԨڵƻǰʲôһҲð֮踡ΪػԼɵؾ֣㲻Сɱ˻ˣԨҲûеط˵
ң赲㰲ĻӽɡСһƮƮĿЩһۣƽȴ˰еɱ
Щĵù
Сһ鲻˳ʱƫƫʱðͷⲻǸСһͲô
Ҽ򵥵ΪĬ˰ӣûٶˡ
ǲ䡣
ҽڹһϣĸܻ֮ǰƳ󷨺ۼ
˳ǰ˵·׼ȷһȷĵ·
ǡǵĶˣһֱؾֱ̲סԱߵ˵ȻǹһȻǳԨڵң
Ҳϸңͼпһ㲻Ծ
ܿϧ˺Ǹһģһ
ǸŮӣΪȴܽǷ˴Ļȳһѻ˵޷죬вµ˻ǷôҲû벻ȻǷֵز
ڵȻƵһǿڳԨǰǿ١
ӿµǣһμ֮ʱŹ˶ãһ겻
ǰŮޣȴѾǵڵŮˡ
ҿ˵Ϊ£Ѿǻˡѵ˵
ԭΪԼܱ
ҵһƬ½ǶǻӶ
֣
ڵĳĬʮķֱֳҺͷ๥˹ȥ
ҪʲôռûҪǵģ
࿴ЩϣֻһЦ
Ϊֳͬʱң
̫Сˡ
Ȼ޽ʲôΪ
һץץһݸС
ݸľΪԼĪǳֱ۳̣ͽȫߡ
ϣеĲݸһ˲ͻΪɱ˵
ٶȼ죬ͬʱ֮УԵüΪࡣ
ҸͲķࡣ
ԸЩ㣬Сһֻ͹ˡ
ҪڵСһĿ顣ڳΪʿ֮󣬻ǵһý
ҪõĲãСһֲãԼ³Ҳõġ
ҾĸСһЩս֮⸽֮УƺôһСطȫûбŵġ

ſ۾˲䣬һѾʡ
һĽڷڳǵĶս֮У·۾һ㣬ıܿǣſһɸûбŵģ·ʲôľָĵطݺݵȥ
һʱ֮䣬Ұ춼ضɽҡ
Ұ̽յĸ·СɵʿڻභĻںͶ޶Կģʱ򶼸ܵ˲ԣһʱеķȫͣ
ףô£
ֱˮҲ˲ըѣҲûа취תκεĻ档
ô£
Ұˣ
ղŵĹһˣ
ʲôںͳԨڴˣ

ٴɵ˷׷׳ųԨڿȥ
ǿһжһĹһҰͻȻͳˣټ֮ǰԨڵڶĹΪһжмѭ
Ԩڣô£
ǵĹһĪô
ϵնʱЩӲ
ǡʱԨڵĵͻȻˢˢĳƵĽ⼸ϯ᳡
ٵΪʿӦоԼղƺ
ҳԨȻһͣʱλ侲ǹһɣӲ֪ʱѾɵ߿գӸµĶʿ˵λѣǳԨһӡ
ԨڵҲվڷ󣬽ɱͽ֯ЩΪµʿɪɪԿԼĿ⣬κηͷ
ޣеͳ֮óսġ
Ԩڵĵǣսˡ
һμӶĵ֮УҲԪӤڣڻڽޱȱȽǣǰӵĳϣǶɽΪ
ڰ֮Уƺƴһʱס˳еɡ
޵Ŀֲ֮Ѿѿ
ͬģҲСɵʿЩٵʿ˫ۼĿЩǣƺʲô
ǽޣ
ǳԨڵĽ޵ӣ
Ǽ˰ٽȻܹӵôǿƣܹϵɶѹûһƢ
ұҲǣ
ĻҳҲᡣ
ҿԼճ֣һʱЩȡ
Լĺ״̬ˡ
ȷĻڴڸ״̬ȥСѧ⣬ǽһ±
ý̶ܹȵԼ˳ŻڳĿýٳһ·ѾдֻҪ˳ԼĶֱóͺˡ
ǻô
еһжԶˣҪߣֻʿԼ츳ĺˡ
ҺΪʲôھʿһˡ
л£ԭͨͨĵطȻƳһ·
ͺʲô˲䶸Ȼѣ¶ԭ̬
ɫͽ໥ƣ谭ȫɨһգγһ㹻ͨĵ·
룬ٶȶֻӳһ
Ĳʶһ·ͨ裬ƺûκ赲
Ȼ󣬸ܵһɼΪǿҵ͵
ġ
ȥͨڵ
ʲôǰĳȵķҺͷ࣬Щڵĳǡ
ҰΪʲôһ֮ôһ·Լ֪ô֪ģ
ң·ͨʲôطԨʱ֣ǲǶʲôı
Ҫ֪ʲôԼǡ䵭Ŀһۣ漴һУһͬȥ·֮Уֱӳ˽ȥ
һͷĽЩȫֻ͵ԨǱ߽ǻͻȥ
ֻû׼ڵɽ֮һϤĽ
ļеĵȫˡ
ĵɫЩ̡
ǷҵĽ
ǲҰôѲ͵͵ڣⲻܰôԶĵطҪһۼû¶
ҾҪǰȥڵɽ嶼Ҫ㱨棬ҵĽôģ
ֱʲôԼ
ڵʿҲȫǵ⣬Ѿȫڷ˹ȥɽ֮УڵźɢԼȥܰǡ
ͬģҲõʱ
ҧҧûٹԥһͷ֮ǰ԰
뻢Ѩɵûӡ
Ҫȥҵ˲С


122 
Һͷ˴Ұ͸ܵľ޴
ڳԨڣûôŨ
֮Աûԭǿҵˢ֮£ʿеٶȱԸ߳һϡ
ڵɽ塣
Ҳ֮յʬǲ֮
ߺˣ
ǳԨڵĹһҡ
ǹһ飬û˻ϴġ
ô
ʲôģ˽Դ͵ظɱԨҲ˵
ڿɲǿĵط

ΪҺͷֳĶڸʿȫеŶǡ
˵㳲ҲΪˡ
Ϸʿûһ϶ǳӡ
ȻҺͷһЦǿѹûҪӡ
λѣǲڶţôһƳɽ洫
ϿյЩʿ񣬶ķš
һڿ죬ڣ׷ͯգ·
źȻӣѾɢΪ
ȻɽʧܣԷɢΪȴǴǧĶˡ
׻˵ôﶤӶ꣬ĵûмܹõóֵģһĹٻмܴġ
ԡȻΪŵģûмֱ»û
ˣ㶼û˼
ϵ£һɢô
ŲӦôſЦ㣬֪һأڣǳ룬˵ȥҲ̫ɡ
ϵλ֪ͣȻҲ֪ˡȻ΢΢ЦңϵԹһҲôһȤλСӦòˣΪϵҴɽɡ
Цޣϣôʱ䣬Ƥһ㶼û°
ȻӲԱߵЩڵȥˡ
㵨ҶŲ
ԨڵĹʲôʸͣ
ʵڿǺúý̽ʲôб𡣡

Щεͷǵʲô⽨ԣʲôбǷеѵǿʳǿΪô
ϧҿǿ߲ǣǡ
Ȼֻ΢ЦſǣƺҵĻȤʵϰɡ
б¾áҷ˸ۣҿɲͷӡ
׺ݣ˽ﻹںͷĶߡ
СһСһӦܹùɣɢҶԸ˰ֻȥԸЩӡҺҺãﲻپӢͳ϶ڶǱߣȻսܺҡ
ġһ϶Ļش
ҲԣСһҲɱģһɢʲô
ΪСһֻͨĹһ飬ڶ⡣
ûнϢֲһ䣬½ǱֻܿˣΪߣҲȡһʱɡ
ô࣬ҵܹĵ𡣡ұյĿ죬ô࣬սĲ¡
һҲ޷εȻᴦúġ൭Ц㾡ܷȥˡ
ҪǿûлͷѾһεȻҪʰ̯ӶС
Ǵʼ˵ĵô
ΪεȻŲɵĬӡ
ֵˣΪˣȻ᲻ʲôƢ
ȵСһںеĽ֮εȻøСһͷءΪǽһ鷳£ҲӦҪТˡ
ҾͲˡҲһش
˰Ϳڲ˳ˡ
Ѿġ
͵ذγһҲɽƺõʿ
ȻҲҪһġ
ȽյʬǴ˵
Լͬģͬʱ֡
ŹһڵΪѵĽһһʹֻһһҲ˵Χ֮ȶңԵüΪ⡣
ǰСһѹŴҲҪԼǲĽôȵʵս֮УȴܵѹȺСѧĿ֡
ڵʿǷȻЩܶôһҵǰһɨĵطӴ˲Ѿѿڡ
ЩʿѪܴǱҲͬĹ
ôܣ
ЩȫǾƵķһ齣˺һ˿һ
ɽֻһ棬ǼҵĽ½ӵڶС
ŶһҲ̫˰ɡԼһѹһпðÿЩͺжһģͲ÷ʲô
ȫҰ
ˬˡ
ʺĹֶΰ
˵Χ֮£ԽԽģ̹ĶҲȫʵ˳ôûƣļ
ȴԹ۷ࡣ
Сһʹĸˡ
ȻԭʤȯգֱЩϵǼûܿһɫŽˡ
鲻ӦúͽΪô
黯Σڽ֮⣬ĵӦöǽǡ
Ϊǰ飬ƺȫҪҵһ㣿
Ȼͼϸȥ۲ϵΪȻȻųʶ֮̽ȴֻоԼʶ޴ķӭײֻƬ̣ǱѾ¶Ѫ
ж겻ܹˣ

Բǹһ飡
ţСģ˾Բǽ顣
ǶĶ֡

֮ǰЩҰͼֹҺͷڳҲ˳һͬصֻ϶ٶˣۿûжսˡ
Ҳû뵽Ӷ֮󣬾Ȼֱͨһ֮
ǴҲûôġ
ҿģŶ֪ôһݾ
ô֪ģԨڵǲҲ֪ԨڵҲ֪ڲ֪˼ҴɨˣǶûֶܷԷӰ
ô˵Ϊ˱ڵİΣҲã˶Ҫ
ԨǱߣ֪Ļǲ֪ģҪ
飬Ѿвڵٺǰһάϵƽˡ
㡭µǺˣȻӿЩ˵ĳǣʱʶ˲ԡ
ǰɾˣǽô򵥡
ЩϣڵľӢ
˵ǰˣεȻˣҲЩǵֵ˺á
۽ǵ⿴Щںʿǲңֲ𵱳ڰ÷ķϣϺɨȥһ
ʼΪŹһͽӳĽߺ֮²Żô
Ȼڿǰ֮֮󣬺ȻӲɵĶԼĲ²˻ɡ
Ϊʽô
ұΧûŽý
룿ǸͲǡ
ҲǸҵԵʣΪǰһƺܴܲе츳ϵĽ顣
ܻ֪࿴ƵĻ˻۶ɵĽ赭дĿźȻ˵磬ƺҲѾ̫ˡ
ɱĽ֮ԼҲֻµɱ¾֡

³嵽԰ֻصǸ֮С
Ϊķ˶ĴߣĴ俴͸Щˡ
ʱ䣬ԼǼ뿪ַأܹҲͲʱ䡣ڵľ󲿷Ŀ⣬Ҫ¸ҵǨҲӦûôǡ
ΪΣ
룬޹˼ɵĽǰЩլȫȥ롣
ѾҪٿԼΪ
ڵ񶼱ţϵù
ȻЩլľȫ뵽֮ĲŷԼ̫ˡ
ÿһլ˵źüˡ
һɫ࣬촽ϣһо綾֮ģ
ǵ廹ȣɼǸոȥá
ôˣ
ȫ⵽׷ʲô顣
ֻǴЩ뿪첻ѡ
ʶȥЩɵڵϵˣÿһ˶ûҼ𪣬ûаļ󡣶Щ˲Ů嶼糣˽׳һ˵ܲĶҩ˵ҪĶ
ԣڵǣЩôᱻ
ڵģ
ܡ
ڻôҵȫȦ֪˶ٴ۲ôܻһȫأ
ϳ
Īǣ˶֣
ԺѾתܣǲǰｫ˸ĿԶµˣֱһһ
˭
ķڿԼ
ɳˣЩҶġ
תͷһԼĪʮ꣬ɫҰף߹
ذףذϻԵѪıĵߣΧĻٵһ̲סɳҪˣû뵽һͷܽȫݻ٣֮ĺֲҵĳζҪС
ļãӹȴΪϸļֻйͷƤ˿һƤĹͷӡ
ȴذס
Ŷղмû͸Ҳ˼Ц䣬ʵҲ򵥵ģǰɱǲϲūʱǾôɵģҾѧ
Ժ֮ǰЩ˵ĻǿеСӣ
ſʶɨЩҵ˼ǳŮδĺӡܹЩ˿еһСˣƺҲֻǰôһˡ
˵Щˣ
лЩ˴ߣֵĺûᡣ곯΢΢ɣλɡ
˵ʱľѾʶǰһ顣
ͬûǸͨķˡ
ֻƺкܶ˿ڣϵѪҺҲȳҪࡣ
ԼԼģδ˿֮Уƺܹоһ˿һƵ
ζ֣Ҳǵ귲˵ģǰ֮һŵĻĲࡣ
һֱвһҩֻҪҩ뾮ͺáϴŲεЦ⣬ǰҲҶ֣ЩūҲˮһֱڵһǶ뿪Ļᡣ˶ߣҵ岮Ƕۼ˵ҪȥҪЩūΪǴڽӴҾͳûҩǺˮصԼ;綾ˡҲ֪ôģڷǱȴû˻ظǡûܰʱ䣬ôˡ
ȷʱ俨ĺá
Щ˾綾ʱֳ󶯾ʱǱôüظ
ֻôһĹҵ˾Ѿһʣˡ
ʶǼҵ˰ɣҪǼҵĹؼĻҪʧˡ⼸ǧǼеĹؼطѾեһɶˣһ㶫ʣңֻһЩȦģһΣʶûеţѡʵ˵ǵĹʵʺͳʿҲǰڵ˶ѾԹˡ
ɫΪ˫֮һɹŹֵĺήҵĺܣ۾ȴڷ⡣
ȴֻΪɵĿ꣬˵Ļ
㵽ʲôˣ
ҵ˰΢΢ЦֻһʮֲɵľһѪȴûĿ˶ѡ
ǹ֮Ѫʶѯ˳
֪֮ѪǶǼ˽ĺܶࡣԣЦܿϧҲǡ֮ѪѾˣڵ˵һֱܹһ֮ѪϧһֱûСֻǡɣѪҺôһԱǼѡ
ϵ˿ڣڵŪģĲɺ棬ܹоϵ˿һð
ܹһֱôúţ϶мЩĺȻ˿ڲһֱġ
Ŷҵ岮ŪġգգЦûѪҺȴҵ岮ҪˣǾ룬ҵѪ᲻ܹأԼǵһܹĺӡ
ǰҲкһƵˣǶûлʮϵѪͱŸɾˡҲԴУԾҪˡ̾˿Щε̯̯֣Щū޹ģֲɱǣֻһֱȻˡ
ǰϵʷϼأһյ棬ǰ¶ҪϾ˵;Ҿλ滹̫ʴˣֻϾ;ôأȻҪǳɱնݳ
Ķҩĸоһ˿˿ĺ
ǰΪɵ꣬ǱҺڸƷˡ
ҵնϾһˣֱɳ˽С
ֱһһ
ЩҵΪ˸˼ԼˣȴԼϵ˳׾֡
ֱûбЦЦ
޸ҵġɵɫҵ岮ҪͣǺҪӣӺѣʮֻһӡǾͿʼ⣬ѪͼķʽĺҾ³ġЩ޺ܿǰͰĶҸңռܾãҩһ֡Чϵĺã˵ôɣ


123 
ᴦ
϶ڷӵ󣬽ͬʦֵܵڻֻԼŷϢ
ЩʿֶϵĶҲ֪ʲôʿֻ֪дѶֻ֪ĴٶȻȴѶ졣
ţ
ϽĿǰˢˢˢȫд˳
ȺεȻ̫ϳϻڲŲæ졣
ţѾǰڣڴ˴ӺͳǵĲǲǡ
ǳԨڱһЩҲ޷
вģѹǡ
˶ҳԨڷοˣ

Щ̧ͷֿ˿ǰվԱߵͬʦֵǣЩսʮĽ顣ͻȻźͳǵĵڡ
ǰ
ǳԨʲôµģ
ЩɣǺηǵһͬǶţ̫һڴͷβֻ΢ЦԹۣƺǵ顣
ǳԨɥĲҪͨͨɱΪԱŻ𷴿Ȼ޷ǾǳԨںڵĶȻ˶ѡ
Ҵ˼ĶˣֶֻСС֡
Ϸͺá
εȻٶȸڡ
ʦֶǵ£治ָʹģָߵĳϺʵ
ǰԸҲ޷ڶǣҪһѵҲеط˵ֻԺҳӵ飬ҲҪСϣϾˡ
һôҲļǳˣԺҵǷкȥǵڣ
εȻˡ
治Ըġ
ϧǶš
ǶΪεȻǸԿģ֮ǰôΣεȻȴһֱ̲һǲ˺֡¶εȻææǰæ϶׼ˡ
εȻп˵
Ǹһ²⣬ֲȷϾ˼ҵĳһֱʦүӿɲ̫࣬ȫһʦүӣôҲڻ֮Լǣͨ飬ôôǿΪ
εȻԼʱһŶԼ˵Ļ
ǳԨڣŶڵĳһʦү
ǵڶţʦү֮ĿѶֻŲ֪ܵ
ԣεȻŻỳݡ
ֲ²⣬εȻҼȨ
мһҲǾľʰ̯ӵǸ
һʦүǸʦүʰ̯ܽ¶ôǽй٣
ԣ̫ϳǶԼᣬҲֻűˡ
պʦүָˣʱԼضܰεͷʦүǰ¶
֪εȻĴ㣬˳ҪεȻĴָ
Թԣ쵼˾û¶΢˽õʱѾʱ׼վˣֲóԨ˲żüã󷴶εȻܹأĲ˵ͳһ۹⣬Ѿˡ
ҷ֣Щ˺ԼŴţͣ
ǲĳԱߵķ࿴˹ȥ
ͺȻӵЩϵʿĳ
ʿԣԹ˵Ķ򶷷֮˵ĵ
ԽǿֳĴ֮Խ񣬶ֵϣʿǸʲô޹صġħޣֻޣֻҪڴѾãôչֳĵ㹻ˡ
һȷǰƤ˻ǺƤˣֻҪòס˴ڵ۹飬ôͳ޹أǻʵˡ
ˡ
ʿ˵ǿִĵǴȻġ
ΪϵĴˣʱ򶼲ⱻϵĵԻ󣬺οˣ
ʱ˿̣ԺȻ綥ɢɣչֳĽȻǰչʾĲһ
Ǵǿɱ¾⡣
ڳ֮˶ᵽֱɱֵĸо֮ͬң裬ҪѶܡ
ǡǡܵĸоǸԡ
ִѧоĻű
Ҳνĺս
Ľǿеģ˭Ҳ⡣
ˣһǿ˳֮ʱǵҲĸȥ
ͬڡ
ҴŴţͻĲɡ
ȻҲֻǵĺĲˡ
ϵĵٶȻûٶȿ죬Щʿ챻ˡǣȴǸûһǴ򲻰ӲҶԽԽûȤ
кüλɱǣȴҲ֣ǽǵ˽̰ߣһ֪ѧĽ
ʵڽ
κβңҲ뽫ǶɱˣⳡȻҲûа취ټȥ
෴ͺȻӵĶһεĺġ
ǺȻӰˣζҲʧˡ
ܹҺͷץסҲʲô
ȻѾֶξ
ƷķǷѾڷǰȫֽһ㡣
ԷֻۿȻ󣬶ֱֱһ
ֻһ
νһ򷨣
ȻǰãⲻνĽ޸ԼŻе˵
ϵĵͳô࣬ʵǿʿ಻ʤ֪жٹֶΣô˵ƾһѽƵеĳɹ
ȴ֣˴ڡ
ԣ޵ͳ֮Źʣϵ˶ɵǲҪ濹
ǷѾ˼ȥȡ
ȻӼҪʧء
ûбµˣ෴ΪɢɣӵõĹԴΪйؽԵʣѧһЩɷ˵ǧ磬ɢ֮ԳƵǰéͬǳԨڵЩɢˣҲܹһս֮
ǰȴһոѧ·ĺͯûκο˺Է
ǰ飬ûһĽѾɾ
ôྲĿǰ̤һ·˵һ΢С£ʲôֶûʹȫʱúõĸչʾչʾ
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ԼûҲֻΪԷҪɱѡ
Ȼûа취ٱɷǵģ
㵽˭Բǹһ飬㵽˭
ȻӴûôҹ
ûܰĵԷһƬ½ǡ
˵ǳеʿҲܽǰ֮ô
ǶԷܹңǹƥڵԭ
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Լڳһ··ǺڵϢϢء
ÿһ̫ϸСͬһѽ˷֣Խº޺Ķܹ
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ң΢㿪һЩѵ
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Źһ۾һ˿ᡣ
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ԶڸεȻһɳϵ˲ҵĽ⣬иǺȻ
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Ϸϰ꣬ûбܹӳһ
ҸɵģܣᣬôõĳĽ
ǽǰ
ԣǽǰҲ
ǲٵþƽٶȳڳ˹ȥ
ΪޣܹԹ۵һδ;˵һ׮ѵĻԵ
ŵϦӡ
ڵɽɴһ
ɽʱͳһļƷʯԴԴĸɽṩͼڷһ֮±ɽ塣
漴Ϊ۵Ʒʯڽѹ֮»Ϊ촷ۣɢ
ǿĻɽص˼Ǽǧص󷨶ڴʱ·ǱŰĵ·һ㣬˽·ÿҲûа谭
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ûͣ¡
ǽûа׵ֱ£ƽĵһΪֱصס
һϸСȴֻôֱ۵ı¶ǰ
м䣬ƺһɢɢĶѻ·
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ǳŵģ
ԣһ㲶׽ĶûС
ҳԨھ֮Զȥ·̫Ĳȷˡ
ԨڵĵУӦñǶСһЩǡ
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Сһһȥæǰס˷֡
֪Сһеӡ
ǵķĹһСһҲе㺦Щεġ
ֻ
ͷһͬȥ
Сգʦһˡ


124 
ҶνһȤûС
ǺĽ˺µʬǡ
ƺһ
ͬһʱ䣬ŵĵرߣʱͳͳ޹⡣
ڵĵǣҲܸоԼ˲ࡣ
ǶУӴŵġ
ˣޱȵƴͷѪһҺ˺ûаԥ
ǵ۾ֻʬǡ
ΪһֱﱻԵʣʬǻ
ͷ­֡
Щȥ
Ĺ뻹ܱ档ƽƽսԪݱҲʵʣԼΪԼѰһùޡ
յʬǣǧһֱ͹ĺһԼһＸǧĸ𣬲ա
ǰԼ·һʬǰ
ʬǴԪ
ҲǣԱԪﻹƬ̲ࣿвҲҪɢȥȻУһ˷ͳ׹һ
ǵãձտڲװõư֮ͣ󺰵õһǡʦ
һֱԼ͸ͽܣû뵽е궼ѹĵףΪʺԸԵʣĵĵͽܡ
Ŵǧ磬ֻܹƽƽʦŹͨƽӡ
ȴԭǹӲҲΪһ
౧ʬԱߣȻһССѿ
֦ѿ
룬ѿҲһͬ˳ʬǷһ
Сǰȥʦֵ֮ⶼûʲôѣȴһѡ
ΪʦȻҪһͬߵġ
ң߰ɡ˿Ѿû˶Ҫͣ˼ֻջسԨڣΪѡһĹأϲĶȻԼˡ
áҲûȤͣ
˵ҪǶ˵ûʲôյʬǸҪ
ڵĺȻӺʿǣֻŷƿǵȻȡһȱʬǡ
ûж࿴һۣǷһԡ
ȻӵǱʲôס
ҪҵĲǵҲҪٵڵĸҪֻôһʬǣ
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Ȼ֮Ҫãˣ뻹ܽá
ڵĸڣһ𣬿ڵĵӾ涼ûκϣˡ
ȻƴҪӺãȻ˫ִʱȴ͵С˴룬ֻ֮ǰʮ֮һ
ȫɢģҲܸ֧Ű겻Ĺ⾰ˡ
ô᣿
ڵӦûнǧ֧ǡôʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ȥѰһֻռݳԨڵˣ
ˣСزͱüˡ
һãڰԺҪ䵽ŵĵز
ǡǾʬǣ
Ǵߵһʬǣ
ȵȡȻ֪ԼǵĶ֣ôҲžԼ䣬ǾʬǣʲôڣΪʲô
ҪݻŵôǵĻиķ
ֱӻٵǸô
ǵӦÿݽˡɱʮ㣬ĮĿźȻ˵ҵӵʬǣάĹӦҽߣǵȻҲͻָԭ
ǹ֮Ѫ
ѪҺܹûΣʬǾǱ
ڱڵͬʱҲһôûиǴܵôôֻյʬǴߣڵ˾Ҫܾ޴ˡ
ʮ֮һʮ֮һĹӦʱ䡣
ڣҪζɹΣأ
ЩҺͷҪĵ£ǽյʬߣ㹻ˡ
㡭ĵӣȻӲ˺ܶܶǰڵ¡
˵ʲô˵ʬܹһĻֻҵˡǣҵĺˣЩһ֮Ƿˡ
ǧǰźڵһһҵˣҪ˵ܣֻܵġ
ǣǸҵˣա
գһλĵӣ
㡭㡭ǡȻӶ߶£ЩšǣȥһλܹԽ֮ǧģ˭ôıأ
ȺȻ˵꣬Ŀһۡ
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񽻻˲䣬ѾɱǧٴΡ
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Ȼл̻̣֪Ӧȥ˭˵
˴յʬǣŸ̤ڵĵؽ磬ͿӭεȻһɳǡ
ҵЩ顣
ǣ쵼ǲȵļ˰ɣ粻պǽʱ֣Ļǡʱƽտûмôʱ
ǰǰ롣εȻԭҪ˵ʲôȻ˿̷ļƿʵ̫ˣԭٶĻҪ˵˿Ҳȫ˵ˡ
ļ̫ϳϸǸձ˸̫һһҳ
ԽǽΪ߳ģ˿̾Խǲϵɱ֮Ũҡ
һ㲻ãĻᱻŪġ
εȻɶ࿴Ҽۣ⵹ǸģȻһѹоô
һûôоѹ
ϾСһһʱѾܳܳˣҲѾǵһμˡ
΢ѹһѾСһѵһĽˡ
ȻڵҲˡ
ٿߡ
ЩȵĿղŻں̸Ц꣬һӾͶˤڵء
Ҳͬ˶
ҵ˾ۼһʱҲͬˮֻǺȵ΢һ㣬ӻ˶Էʱˡ
㡭ʶĽ˽סΪ
طˣʵǲ˵ݼȥˡɳң绤ȥһͨ˼Ͷ̥תɡɾܾĵĺ⣬ɳǸô
֪ЩĿɣû뵽ֻ˵
Ҫ鱦ҪõҵѪҼǸΡ̲סЦǶΪǸˣûбܿҡ֪ǿҪһֱ͵͵ļסĶ
ԣ΢΢̾˿
˴ϻۣǸҲչֳ˲׵ĲǣĻҴˡֻϧѾĺӾͲǸ˵ϣǳǵ֡
ǿӣҿǷҵľˡָָǿھÿһθʱ򣬶Ǵ￪ʼġҪɹ飬עͨ齣ϣҶ˲١ɳȥ߰ɣЩӦ˺㡣
ң鷳ɳ㽫ڷɡֻЩūͶҺãҲֻܹǵĵط


125 
š
š

һһġšȻӴӼʧصԨק˳
عĳϵǼΧЩǷŭЩǲʣЩǾɥһ㡣ڿʱȴǴŹġ
ȻǶڴΪŵĺȻӣܹһͬȥĳһ¡
ǰ
ֻǣȻеĲ²⣬ȴûа취˵
ͣҪٺͳԨô
ǲܵġ
ǺͳԨڵĶԹѾ̫̫ѾҪͣ¾ͿͣġңͣˣϵҪοأ
ͣа취ͳԨڶԿô
ǸѾӵ˽ŶԿ
ȻֻԼ·𱻽֮УĵļҪҡҡ׹
һͽ࣬ȫͬĸ
ΪһҪ뷽跨õΪӦҪͳԨԡֵ˹עĲǳԨڣվڳԨڱǸˡ
ȵȣлᡣ
࣬δȫָ
ԣԷ񲢲ǻˣȻԼҲὫΪǽ顣
Ҫָһơ

һʱ䣬Ȼӽеȫϵһ
ͻȻʶ±ԼĻҪҪһЩ
˵ҪԸǷ࣬ôһֱߥԼȥý᲻ΪǷĶ
ź
˵ֻҪԶҲõıġ
ҺãҲһŽ
ûеɽˮĵز
Ȼƺҵĳ֧ţվһҪȥһ£ϣŵӺͳǻȥϢųȥֶᣬϣȥ̫һ˵һ
Ը֮󣬺ȻӲ̶ǰ԰
ǰΪֻԨڵģԼĻҪҪĶ࣬ϧϵʦԴ֧֧ᣬȴԸࡣ
Ǻǡ
͸Լ࣬ôһ
˶ɵʿѾǿˡ
ȻӶ԰·ֻŲŻ֪ĵطҲҪһֱػܡ
ȦˣҵѪʵ飬ÿһ˵ȥڡ
ǳ׵׵ħо
ˣȻӲκ˹ȡؽ֮ٽٵº̸ҲˡѾ֪˽ҪԵһܹõ档
ȻӼ˲͵԰
ﱾĵطϤĺܡ
ֻǽ죬ƺ˼Ĳͬ
ȻʶɨһУɫˡ
ҵˣȫˣ
أ
ҲˣƺһЩϵļѪǷˣѪҺȴӵгֻҪڣͲҵѪϡ
Ȼû﷢ɵʬ塣
ܵߣȻҲûҵĽ
ȻӵɫŤ
ǿ⸽ɽǵļ䣬ҵһϤӰ
ʦܡ
ĴŽɵʬ壬һԵҪȥҷһϡ
ǽЩ˷һȫĵطһ㻤Ķֽɵʬǣǰæһͬɵʬط䡣
˵õҲЩˡ
Щ˻ٵҲͻָ˼䣬֪һֱںŬİ뿪Ǹطٶȼȴֻǿʬ壬Ϊ˸е˱ˡ
ͳһ㣬ҲԸǴһ
ЩˣǻʵΪĵġ
ǼסҪӵֽͻǡĶһһҳ£һһҵĹһǣǧҪסʱˣǾͰҰӽô
ˣ
İɣȡԽͻط䡣
ĿЦûٶ˵ʲô̾뿪
ȡ˽һᱻֵġ
һĻԼܹӵõδػ
Ѿҷ˴ѶЩ˵ĵַ
Լߣȴûж˵
ڲ飬ôҲܽ֡
źȻ׷ʱ˿⡣
ҪԼȡ˽˻ûзֲԵĻҪǲǶˣôҪĶˣҲˣ˵ҲʵǸЦˡ
Ķڵĸʵڸӡ
ǺȻû׷ҲζȫˣֻܣǸЦ
ںȻ׷ڵȷˢӣȴζҪΪͷ­Ѫˡ
˻ìܡ
ôˣûп˵Ǹʲô塣
ʦܣñĶҲ㣬ڵϣ֮һҲ֡ңԼȥؼĽգ¾ôҹȥҿԼ̡ȻĿ
⻰Цţе̫ˣЩܳ
˽߽ѾƵǱʦţžȻֻ˵ܷŹҲδ̫ˣõԼΪԼǲŵ˽ˡ
ʦܣ԰ĶôȻ̾˿ҲǱΡ
ǰΡҾ˵ǺȥԭΪҪѪҪ˵ѪʹýĳĬһЦѾѣʦҲıɡ
ÿǵˣںĲȴιҵˣͼһ
һûûʵȴӵѪңֱȡ֮ߵıء
ҪĶҪٵĶˡ
ǱҪȻӲɽֶʦܣûڵĵΪΣ
Ļش𣬺ȻѾԹԵĻش˳ʮࡣ
Ϊʮӣ϶Ҫġ屾Ͳ죬Ҳ˶ʳģȻˣǳһأȻӲԼд
Щ԰ķءЦʿ֮ˣͶʦҲô
Щ˼ҪϲҪܰ˿ࡣ԰ӵн»ҵҲֻǷˡ뷲ǺθɣȻ΢Цſģʦܣɴ߲Сڣ裬ܷܻɹҲͲûԭˡ
⻰ĴЦ

Цʮֱ
ȻЦЦţĸܵȴֻʮı
ô
ΪԼѾ㹻ȴû뵽ܲĸһ
ƫƫȴš
ʦ֣ҲġЦݣҲȥڣҲܻ
˵ڻҵȻɫ𽥱Ҳ֪ĵ״һ㣬ΪȫΪάڵĵͳЩһһӾԶ֮ǰѾˡģ㽫ңٸһλᡣ
ȴҲֻЦ
ʦ֣һֱҪ֪ʿɢɴжٲࡣĿźȻӣ¶һЦһΣҺúÿɡ

ҺͷڻԨڵ;УӵĵĴѶ
ٶȻ죬Ųǰڴһʱ򣬾ѾɹҵˣѾõֻ֣ȥȡˡ
Сһ˳·ȥûɡĻֻһˡ
պãεȻҲںء
࿴һۣ΢΢ףӦ
Ҳ侲˲١
Ǹóˣ֪鲻ã·һֱûô˵ȵĴѶҲ׼ʱڡ
ŵεȻͼĬĬһۣҶΪ
һ˵ǰǾѹȵƾ˺ܶ࣬Ҳһ
ܸоǰʱᱬȻһ
ʱǿѹס
ĸĵַﲻԶ˵ڸҪȥĻʱͲˡ
ҺͷΪҹζ࣬һʱ͸˹ȥ
ܿ죬ǾͲһ㲻Ծ
ղӦýйһĶҲǴΪſ˵
Ѿôôˣ
е¡
оеǺȻӡεȻ°ͣ˵ҺҲ˺ܶ꽻ˣʲôˮ׼Һһ˾ȻܹôټҲ֪˭
ҶһۣʱȻ
ҸϽĴѶǱȴһֱûлء
ǰĵĵַܿҵһȺͽߵᷲˡ
׳һķ˻̧һܣһ߱˵ʬ塣
ҲȷʵЩ֡
Щ˼ǴֿΪ׵ķ࣬һ䡰ˡڵء
ãðɡ
˵Сһ˵Ҳȷʵǡ
ϵķĸǵİɡվѯʵǸĵʾġ
ʡôһ׳ŵӣͰ͵ʵ
ҡЩȻĸǵģ
ңǲ֪λǵ˽ʲôλɳȷжίǽһҵˡΪ׵ķ˴·ڴͳһϻ
ϻ棬ǰߵĽ
񣬾ʬǻʱ򣬽Ҳˡ
ڤڤ֮УѾע˵ġ
࿴Ž΢ɲ̾˿
֣˸Ӧһ㣬ֱû˷֮С
ԶεȻͼ̫ϳѾһ򣬸ŵòҳ
Ѿʶ˷ݣĻعֻǸһȷ֤ݡ
ʦүعĸо̫ˬˡһ棬ϲԼ˸ǿӲĿɽֻҪʦүջأǿ϶˭Ҳˡһ棬ֱֲ쵼ǼҲ֪ʦүǽı⣿
оʮָӡ
ԱѯһЩĵʬ˭֮ġ
õЩǵĻظֱ֮Щá
Ϻ꣬òʲôɡ
ҵ˽ȴҲںڰһ棬֮ǰСһҲ˵ƺΪʿﶷ
Щ˵ģ¾ֻпźȻӺˡ
ȻӱϾɢɼ𣬶ģûгɹ
ֻҪӦϣû뺦ȥ
ǸһӮܣܹܵӮİɡ
ҲЩ
۾ǿ˼֡
ĿŽ֮󣬷Ѿȫʢʱڰ˳ɵΪϵ򼸸˾˶ûκġ
Ҳɵĸܵѹ֮С
ܵס
һطģҴȥǡ࿴˵
ôҺ
ǻ㿴ȻҲڴѶһҲû˵ЦЦ룬СջҲҪڵڲ
¶һǳЦ
ҲЦ
ĺܲ£Ҫȥ˵ĺϷ
ǣˬ
ǽЩͻط䣬úôķԸεȻ˵
ǡεȻ˹Ĺ֣㶼Υ
ҪҲûӡ
߰ɡҵ֣ת۾ʧԭء
оʦүҵĹϵеңⱲƺе⡣εȻ̲סֹԺҪô㱲ֲźأ
㵣ʲôһ̫ϳĻشʦүһŽ֮˳ҪģʱǶˣõĳƺ⣿
ǣʱôƺôƺֻҪʦү˼ԸָҽһҺʲôС
֪ǰʦү֮ǰĸѧϰôҲҪȥġ
͵Եأ
ǺǣԺ

ĺͺȻѾ˺һӡ
˵Ȼˡ
ҲƵټս֮һҼһһⶼΪڣ˴֮ϣҲڲ飬֡
˿̺Ȼ֪ѾϵĻǿ¾һˡ
ȿȣʦֻ֣ǲŵﴦ˶Ҫεڵء
Ѿкܶûܹôصˡ
ʦֲֻ顣
ϵشһصԭأʱڶҪΪ˸ۡȻӵȵ֪ϵ˭һһһλȫѣڶ˼˵ϵˡ
Ľ࣬һ˾ܽڳ׽
ŵѾٵĲˣ֮ԷŹǣҲΪûг׻عԵʣޡ
һ˼һָﻹϣ
֪ġĵ۾ֱĶźȻӣʦ֣ΪʲôΪҲ֪ôôЩҲ޴Ǹһ鲻ֻһô
ĺǽӴʱ䣬ɱȺȻӶˡѾͷཻ֣֪Էʵа÷Ϊϲı֣һжѾˡ
˷࣬˭ỨôĴۣΪһյʬ壿
ֻķŻᡣ
ңڸáôӣֻҪܹȫһ룬Ҳжɽ֮աһ·ߵףٲ
ȻӿģƺѾʲô
ѡôĵ·˵ףΪڵֻǣѾûбİ취ѡˡ
ģӽ쿪ʼ㲻ڵˡȻĿ뿪ˡ
ڻһֻܿˡ


126 
ҺͷĲ粻պÿںȻӽʦŵʱϡ
ֻڤڤ֮УԼ֮ƺҲһ̳ڡѾǷڵծȻĿԼȻȴǷ˼顣
ɲû
ͺȻӶʦţΪ˳ͷΪ˱ȫڵġϣ
뿪ڣϺھѣ·ʱһ˿֣жɽĻᡣ
⣬ҪΪ˸һӵġ
ȻЩεĳĿ˹ȥѡڵţ̫̫飬·ӣҲûа취ӡʦţ͵ԼĲҲѹϡ
ֻǣôһڣȥģֻ˭ܹ˴أ
պ󣬾ͲٻˡȻӿҺͷ֣˦ôһʧӰ٣׽ںķָ
ֻЩ㶣ûʲôľٶ
ţҲࡣǰҲȣڴˡﻹܿСžţֻҲģҲæѰ˽ˡ
˵ףڵͨûгġ
ǿЩͨѰһ·Ҳûʲôá
ԺҲˡԺҪ˵ҪһȺ໴ĵԴ̣˶ָ㣬ҵϰ塣ͰֵܡԱ˵ŷܵĵͱӡ
ĵˡ
ң졣޿̣Ǻֹҡ
һ˻ҪǱˣѵͻῪˣ
Щ˺ɶᱻ͵ȥġҵ㵽Ϊֹ˵ûҪȥĵط
һǻصȥҴӦҪתԵ˵ԺǻеʦͽԵ֡ĳĬһ˾ѾڵˣȻҲһ𡣡
ȥһȥɽͷԺܹõš
Ҳá൭ͳɣڴ˶ͣˡ
ǰĿŷ̲࣬ס˵ǰҵͽʬô
ʳĻѾȷ˷ݡ
ȻͷֻҪȷСһˣοıһͷϺꡣ
ҵˡ΢΢ס
Ǿͺá¶һ˿Цǰ֪ԹҲΪ顣ֻڱ֮󣬲ٱֳһ˿һڵĲþͺˡ
ķ
ĵǣкܶʿΪҪȡ÷ͣȥ˵鷳
Һܿͻ뿪硣һ϶ش𣬡㲻عൣġ
ĳŷңңһݣ㶨
ϵЦݣ˲ýӲ١
СһѾõ˵ĿŽֻεȻһˡ
һţʱȥȡ
ҲζţСһֱϾҪˡ
ʱҪôô
ҵһӵȵס
ңǻȥˡ˵ģҲ᲻Ƕġ
ȴߣҿҲῪġ
ֻǺܶ飬ǸԸ˵־ΪתƵġ
Ҹŷһص˳Ԩڡ
ᴦ
ԨڵĵѾյŵĴѶ
Ѿϣǿ׼뿪ˡ
ЩӶдţлλϡλ⣬ɵҳԨǰǱضɨӭӱŶʿ˵뿪λ
ĴᣬҲٿڵĳҲصԭأֻǿûʲôЩע⵽Щڵĳ϶ȥԨڵĵǡ
˼
ĪһεĳԨںڵĽ֮УǳԨڴȫʤôȻôģأ
һʱ䣬֪ʿɶڰ˼¡
ֻϧ֮û̫ϵڵĵϣȥװƣһ취ûС
ֶóȻˡ
ˣˣǾͼʼɡ
ҰؾӦҲѾȶˡ
Ҽ
̧ˣЩΧպָֻǰģ
Ƕô
㷢£Ҳ˵ɲһû˸ȥɣҲû˸ȥ
˶һۣӶԷ￴ͬĶ
˲Ҫһѣܵ˸ָָ㡣Ԩںڳô飬ȴϢǲ
СɺͶɵӰȫͬնġ
ǡܹ볤ԨڵĻ
ҪȥԨڰݷһ˳һ档Ҳǽޣʱĳȣ޷侲
ãȥҲЦҼǵãǰԸ
ڳ׼ʶԨڵ֮Ҳеȥˡ
Ԩڵĵ׼뿪ⳡᡣ
뿪֮ǰֻ彣ڵȥѯˡ
ӣҲѣܸܲңǺ֮䣬׳ʲô飿һһ˽ҵӣüͷѯʵ彣ڣƺһֱڹ
֮ĶԹ޹ءҡҡͷ϶˵ֻҪǿԹһ𡣡
ǣȥｻǲǵڳǲǣһһô˵ҲǴʦ㣬ôֶܸԼӵ飿
ҪҲ˽ϿɲС
Ȼ߲֪Ҫųʲô
ó磬Ȼˡζǲ׽ֻ̫һߣҲԶɡҪǷǣܱǳԨڶǵҸ档
һһϸʣѾһɳԨڵĵ뿪˶ᣬⳡֻ֮ʲôĴ˵Ǿһˡ
ڴ˴εʧĿá
Ȼỹٿ˶֪ⳡᣬѾĽˡ
Ȼţ룬Ӧøһ̫͡һ˺ͺȻ˫߶ţ˴ζᣬǷǵûشԨڣʧĽ룬ζʲôӦú
˺
̫һҲ֮֡
ĽʧҲζƾ̶ѾʧȥˡҪȥҽѾܣ˵ʣµĽѾȫռˡ
û˻ϵ˸֪Ļָȡ
ܶ˶ɪɪ
ڡ̫һˣ඼ڻ߱㻯档
ɽ粻òֺȻҲҪΪǽѡ
޵ͳڲֵܱ̫ԣ𽣵ע⡣
ԣֻܴӱĵط֡
ԭΪ䣬ʬɢΪѾû¸Ŀܡʵϣǧ꣬Ҳȷʵһ㶯ûС
û뵽̶̰ʱ䣬һоȫ˸ӡ
ֻϲһŽ֮󣬱·ɽ硣Ҵ˴ηΪֻǰ
࣬ЩˣȴôҲӲһ
ʱľˡ
޷ǾҪӣҪԼҵܷĸ࣬ɽҲγһѡڣѾԽԽˡ
ȻȻӴ˿̿Ѿ࣬һ
ڿɲﲻ£ǽ̫һսĿźȻ˵
֪˭ȻЦ
֪˵ˡ̫һЦҲһ˶ѣǧǰ飬ʱˡ
Ȼӿ̫һ־гı飬ֻʣ»Ρ
˸Ŀ֮
Լɵİ˵ָָĴĶ˳ĺһ
ǣԼɲһô
ҲڷˣҲѾŸĶݣֻԼĳأԼһѵѡ
ڣʵˡ
ûûе̣ûδ
Һͷһͬ˳ԨڵĽڣ֮
һȡʱҲаˡ
ȴܾãա
ֻΪܾʢ֮ҵСһȻԼͿֵֹ

һεĻԼǡ
һΣҲѡҡƺ֪ЩʲôһĿ˵ѡʢͬҲҪΪѰҽҸġ
ҪѡأʶķǽҪѡҡ
ʢڣѡ΢Цʢƽƽ˲һͦԵġԼϵģͲñ˿ϡ
ѡĲʢͶӲˡ
Ϊڣϴ磬ʢ黹û¹˭
ҵҲЩ̫֮ǰıɢ˲١
Ƕ㲻¡
Լװôװװɵġ
ˡ
츳ѵҵĴô
ʦα˵ңһЦӣʦѾָĲˡ
ҳķȥʢѾǰ
ʢƽƽ佣˽Ҳƽƽһͬʦ
ҲЦŽܡ
ͽܵĽ飬Ҳͽܵһ֡
ǵڶʽʢ顣
ľ˵ƽƽмƣüĿ֮䣬ƺмݱµĸо
ŶҾԼܷʲô
ҲƽƽǶݱ飬ˣҲ֮ԾɴԪЮŽһȥݱ¡ֻǸǸʱǽݱµĸ飬͵ڽݱҲ뵽˳Ԩں˵ķ֮С
ЩĵӣһǶúôݱºһأ
Сһ˵ƽƽһԶὫ˷Լǰˡ
ҴСյʬǻĽ
ʦܵĽѾ۶ˣʱɻ˽ڣʢ΢΢̾˿ʦ꿪ٽڣȷľ
ӣԼҲƴһԼĽصڣ
ҲҶ
յնҽҲһֱڽڣ
Ҳ֮ա
ԼȡģҪնȥȥԼԸȡôһ֡룬Ҫնȥģ֮ҪնԼˡ
ʢһ֣ܿʹӽڣ֮нնҽȡ˳
ѽѾϳأ޹⣬ƺһҲˡ
ཫյʬȡ˳
ǡʱѶѵնҽڿ˵˲䣬ɢ˹âѵĽƮߣƺڿܹ¼ˡ
һѽ˵˵ĴžǺطꡣ
ѾڽڣҲȺ꣬ʼûɢһԡ
ֽ˽ڣԱߡ
նҽһ
ǿŻѿǱյķڣԣһϣ
ǰûйʲô̫õӣĽ飬лţӦÿԹòɡ
ֻϣǼӵʱ򣬿ɲҪЦĺá
ܹһ𣬶˵õĹˡʢ΢΢Цƽƽ˵ʬǣҲһֱػšʦָҾͷˡ
ҲҪȥĵطôҺѯʵһֱţ
ţȵʦָĻҾȥƽƽҪȥˡʢҺͷ΢΢һʦƽƽǰĲµľݱ¹Ѿָ޼ҲӦѭƽƽ˵ԸȥԼµˡ
ƽƽû˵ڵĻʢʲô֪
ǿǷݱµġ
ݱûзһֱţӦҲڵһ𰸡
ʢΨһģѭƽƽԸݱһӡ
ȥɡ˵ǺݱʺãлһֱΪŽ
ǡʢӦһЯʢܿͷ˽ڣ
ݱһֱԼĻþš
ûзֻǧؿŵݱ»ҲΪռҪϢ
ԣ˶ĺܺá
ûܹ赲һҲж赲ĸա
˵߻һˡ
ǽĽ
ݱ̲סô뵽
ҵ飬ؽҲˡһ˹磬ȥеӶΪࡣ
ɱ¾µģʵĽ⡣
ֽʿ˶ⶡ
ֽԽǿĥѾͻԽ࣬ϴûԵ޹ʵĺ¡
ѡֽҽ֮ҲζĥѺʹֻԽԽࡣߵˣˣΪԵʶֽˣҪôһĽɣҪôǶħɱ¾ĽռǣΪһɱĶħ
һʹıǡ
ĵΪһ˿תһֱεİ
ƽƽһͽܣҲȷʵһʦ
õҪȥʦû
û˻ȥ޷ࡣ
ʹ࣬١
ݱ½УͻȻԼʲô
ʲôɿĳ
һƬһƬݱ»͸һһĻþ
ֱֱĽ䵽ǰ
ǧǰǸе꣬Ҳͬ䵽ǰһ
ʢ
ûѽĽ룬ƽƽħɱз
Ҳûƽƽϵ壬һƽƽɽˮ̵ʦʦá
ѽǰ
ݱһʱ¡
֪Ǹܾ˵꣬ϲġ
ֻǣ̫ĶܸԼӦ
ô꣬ʼջǵһ
ݱ¹ѭƽƽ˵ԸѰҵˡ
ƽƽҪµʢ֮УҲϸһݱ»Ĳöҡ


127 
˲ٹ˳Ԩڡ
ԴӶ֮󣬳Ԩɽ˺ʿһãҪڳԨǰúñһȡܹ֮¡
ڱĵطǳͣȻ̾Ȼˡ
ôôˣΪġ
ԨڱȻ϶ϵѹɵӢˣǽʿĳĳһ֡ʵĻش
Ҫ֪ǽ޵ʥذ
ǲ֪ԨڵĿʲôܴô֮ѡʺϵȻ볤Ԩѧϰ
ҲǼ˷һξԼ㡣
㿴ǶˣͻȻ̧ͷԶָ
ʿҲûдҵĵһʱǺʲôĶС
ǹһ
δʦ𡣡
׽սô
ء

Щ˵ĺʱ֢ͷˣ޲õͷߡ
ܿϧС
Ĺ֮һ
񣬲ԸԸ⣬Ѿǳˡ
֮ǰ˽ﳰЦģ˵ϽúһʣµΪȵԺڵ̯ʮа˾ǽϡһ˵Ʋϰ壬䰡
û뵽СһŻصԨڣԼͱһͷΡ
û취СһڵѾ¶ʦүʦү뵱ţҲŹšΪĹһҲʦүĴˣǱҲһӱ˶ˣܼܲӰ
ǣ͸˸ͷΡ
ǣϣҪִһŲҪܶˣһҪ̵ӵġ
ѹƹ˲ò˵ôͽܡÿ˶ĺյ·ŷʵͽܣ˦ƹɶҲܡĳϣǾҵҵĸ߼ˣȻĶ࣬ҲĶ࣬ҲĴ
˵иϾͺܵùһ߰˸ӣ˻ʣµ;Уϲı˵ͽܣĿͽҰΪʦˡ
иϣ˵ڹµʱС˸񣬳˸ͱɵϸ˽ȵϸץסʱ򣬳Ͼֱӱǣ񻹲֪ŵｫء
ֹĲõ
Ӵ
ԲҪӡ
ۼֿģԼҪһµ˼ֿ½ԼʿĻˡ
ܣԺԵĻ͹ˡ
Ļˡ
ʵ֮ǰҪȥһºڲֿʲôģһԨӴԴ⣬̾ȥˡ
⣬ֱڿҵĵġ
ȫǸָĵرȫǼֵǵġ
ҪЩҲ̫϶ܹԼ
ǿһбȽʺҡ
Ͼҵ꿼ԵʱҲǹնҲʱЩ˸һǳԨڵĿֲˡ
ұ뷨ҪЩְ˺úõһΡ
ᣬǺܲпİ
һԾȱ԰ɡҿѹѹȺ׼ʱеож60ֵĽһ֣ľһɡ
ҽѾ׼õԾ˳
򵥣ֻҪһ⣬ʶϸƾˡоЩ鷳͹ɵǿԼֻǡ
ٺ١
һܹȫλ֪ǵʵġ
ԣ
ȺʿҵĻһʱɵˣǴ඼ǽޣƽֻҪͺˣʲôʱ򻹸ԣң˭֪ʲôĿ
ЩʿҪſڷȻûгڣҾѾŹһֱӷųڻʿѹһֶ˵ˡ
ǳԨڣǳԨڵĹһԣҶҪʵңô¶һƵ΢Цֻ΢ЦЩʿǿô͸һвζ
̲֨ˡ
ԭҪһ½ǲˡ
ԭԸô
ˣӡһԱߵĵᣬ˸ͽԾˡ
һףȻܹӹҵʶҲҵʶѾϢĸȫǵһһӲ۾
ڶͷӶۡͬģطɱҵĸ֪Ҳ
ʱһʱʱ򡣡赭д򣬡ʶΪ֣ܽ𰸿¼ھ֮ϣΪڵߣҲֱ뿪ˡ
ЩΪµʿﻹмӣԨڿɲȱ츳ڵˡ
ֲ߰СޣҪСġ
СƵġУСǸԷſ
ЩѾһΪʿǡСˣ濼һǲܷǽġңָЩﻹж˱˵ϸأȻҪϸ
ȻôҲֹϸ͸ˡ
ûϵסͿԡ
ʿﻹָָ㣬ֻܰ˵Ŀʼӡ
ȻǿϵĿʱ˶Щɵۡ
⡭⡭ⶼʲôĿ
㱻ʿΧʱĸʿԲ߷Ķ󣿡
ΪһʿʵĿĺʲôԴΪģдһƪ˰ֵ¡
ܹ볤ԨڣܸԨڴʲô
ǮʮƷʯ֮ʱַʽǮ죿
ϲһʦͬʱﰮĽ֮飬Ҫξ񣿡

һ׾ӣһжʮѡʮѡʮ⣬һƪġ
Ŀ鲼սʶ顢ɹء׬Ǯ;òµȡ
ǵĴС
΢΢һЦ
Щ϶ʩ˷Ϊˣ׾ͻᱻӰ죬Ӷĵѡôһ̭ġ
ҿЩӵˣ̲סԼ
Ǹƴƴ򹤵ңѾЩңԶˡ
ңԭʶϼԨڣ˳ҵҵڡ
ȵֿ˿ΧĻ˼ЩԾϵݵʱһʱֱЩĬˡ
ֻȱչһ¶ѣΪʲôҾѾЩ
Сһû뵽ȻʱֱֻҷϢͺˣҪʶɡ
ֻڶ﷢ӳǿãıʦѹֳɹ뵽һʾѣ׼ҵء
չؽ֮ҾҪ׼ˡʱҵԼϵ»䣬־͵Щλ
ó
ֻǣȵɣٶͲ֪Ҫȵˡ
Ӱ룬Ҫıϰʵ̫ѡ
ңҲȥġ
Ϊ᲻õ˻ңû뵽ȴԼ
᲻£ֱ˵ͺˡûסǲԾȻҵԼϵҪԸ⣬֮ǼԼϵͺˡǰǽ޺ͽԼϵûпǹʵǿԻһµԼأ


128 
ҵ飬һӦǡòҪΪʦɣ
漴ֳ׷ܣ˼άֱһϡ
Լͬ
Ȼˢһ¾ͺˡ
ҺãҺֻʶûȥңȻҿ϶ܹϷֲԡ
Ǹ˼ô
Щ׽
е㵣Լǲǻ⣬ֲҵĻǹںЦ
֪ôشֻ˵ЩյΪΪʲôԼûסȨ
Сһòҵ˼˵ں߰ɡҼͻȻû˷Ӧ˼άһת뵽Щʲô
Сһ˷Լ
Сڻϲˣȴô顣
е㲻˼ܾԼڹƭꡣ
öԵЩææֻǾãеͻȻ
άϵЦ⣬ѯʵСһͻȻôҲáҴӺܾǰ֪ǲֿܷġ
˵ֻ֮һ
ҪǣЩĥϵУ顢áۼ˴˴һ¡ǶԴлз磬ȴҲܻأ
Ǽǲսͬ飬ҲǴҵʦͽҲһɽˮ¡
ಹҶİҲܴԼħĵĽԼİСͬģҲ˷ౣǵǸңȥһδεֱǵȥźҲҽ̻ܶǰûʡ
ҵİȻĳϸˮĸҲδزĽ
ǰҲл᲻иʲô˿ƽƽȻȫ綼һǻһŰȵȣͺֲصĲǰ飬ûĥѺᣬͲΪһΰһ
ʵǵġ
˻ܹɸõԼһ𿴱ǧɽˮ֮󻹼ᶨѡԷǲҪϵĬ
Щͷ඼С
ԺҲϧˣǲǰ飬ֻǺͨ˹ֿһ˫ƯЬ̲ס࿴۰ˡ
ҷֲԼͷ֮䣬Ӷ࣬ǰӶ࣬ܿ϶һǣͷҪ׷ֿټĻûκĶˡ
ˡ
֮ǰûԼһԼ뷨Ľһ𡣵һ֮󣬺Щ͵ĽޣһӾûʲôֵùۿ塣
ҲãǲֿáĻش
ȣ֪ͺˡҶĻҿ޼ɵĵ٩ҲôֱӦˣ֪μˡ
ϾҲǻẦߵġ
ֲ˼ġ

ҷ֮ɽ㡣룬˵ҵȺ㶨Ŀ꣬ȻҵĵҷˣͳƽҲˡ
ιιðɡ
ʱӦ˵ٲöҺɽҲѽ˵ʲôãԼָģ
ʱҼ㶼õͷ
˵ֻƻյġ
תͷ룬ָСһ˵ʲô˲ĻҲʵ˵ҪСһǲ߻ħˡ
⻰ЩƣûҲܷĿܣ
һԷġޱȼᶨĻشԣˡ
ЩˣĲ˵ʲô
żôһЩʱ˵Ļȴϵκİġ
Ҳҡ
ǡ
ô˵ĻҶ˼һֱȥˡ
ĬĬ²ۡ
Ҿɣҹи꣬ӦÿԷ˰ɡ뵽޽Լ֮˫޿ΪĻҵٶܸһ㡣
ԽԽò񻰣ӿֲȻ˼ûʲô취ܹҵΪǵĸһ㣿
˵ֱǲ˼顣
ҡȥô˵ȥԼľľˡѾõĲ϶˱չصĵطֻ׾ģȻ
ȵңЩԾ㡣Це˵
Ͽҵϵ˺һƽ
֣ǰһദһȪʱ򶼲ʲôΪʲôֻǼ˵ѣͲ˼أ
뵽һȪĵĺˡ
ûҵ֮ǰʹ˳Ȼ״̬Ƕһһˣҵͷ˿ô֪Ȼڣٻǰҵദģʽʵڲ˵һ䡰װס
Լ˼佣ھ
Լᶨ֮ˣôʱҡҷѾԶԶ
ֻǺòȶȵҺСһʳܵıչ֮ʱ·
СһģҪôҲҪһġЦŰ֣ɲҪΪҵԵʾ񲻶Ŷض˵Ļе鷳ˡ
ΪεĿȻͳ˳Ԩڵ
֪༴չ֮󣬲ȷεȻͽֱӵݽ˹
ÿһŶ֪һʦүĻһҪȥ
ǰԭΪΣֱ֪˽顣
ںϣȥ֮⣬˶֮ܽȡںһ۷״̬䡣
ֻǣزݡ
ڷิ˲䣬ͻ׽£ǿᳬԽ׽١
ԨѾػΪľǲ÷౻κ˴š
ǧǰĴǲٷһΡ
Ԩڱս꣬Ϊľڡ
ʦүĵˣǳԨڵĵˡ
Ǳ˴֪
ͷԿǲӮġ
Ҫֹ࣬Ψһİ취Ǻǧǰһŷ֮ʶ֡Ǹʱ򣬾˽Թʱ
ܹҲҪæ
Ҫͷĺ
һѴڵĿƺʲôǣһܿͺĽ˹
𶯣һХͬһӰɳǡڷǰ
࿴ǰӰͫ𽥷Ŵ
ǰͷѩ׵꣬ɾӣ֮
Ԫ֮ǰԼһĨͽһӡ֮Уֻȡ˲ܼ
Ҳˣٶȼʦһ档
˲ܲź
Ҳ̷Ӧ
ˣһͽû
˿̣֮ĲٻЩãȻ˺һ𽥻ָ
Ŀǰķֿ࣬˿ͷһֵңƺﲻԡ
ơ࿴Լҵѩ׵ͷЩ
ܹԼĲӡôֲ֮꣬ʿôҲζ֮ǰ˵ҲɢΪ
ϤϢֿ֮˿ǰȫһ֮ɫ𽥱ùŹѿڶʦ㵥꣬ҲܰԼƭ˼Сﰡ


129 
ʦĲ˵ǲҼ˵ƭСŮͨɱ֮ȻѾˣŷһȦȫλĴһģһֱ档
ֿңѯʵСҳԨڵӣѣӦǹһɡ
û뵽ʦͦ󷽣һҲˡ
ǣԼǲӦøĿڽʦ
֮°ͣٽСڽеĻʦϲ޵˵Ҫ߳ŭһԼĻɢ
ʦһҪӣͽҲ̫֡
ǣǳԨڵӡҳ֮ЦЦʦ档
֮ʶҪ׼ͿڴʱԼѾˣֻź˵˹һǳԨڵϱҪʲôȥֿȡˡǳԨڣӦòһ񡣡
Ҷ֮кøУƣͼ񣬶ϵģҲġ
֮һ㶣ҵˬеӲϻ漴Ц
СʦĸǲҾͲϲЩġҪҪЩûû˵ǫãȤ
֮ôţɫɫѾ̫࣬һʼϲֱ׼򵥵ˣ˺Щ˼̫˴򽻵
ֲ͵ġ
ȻЩ־ЩЦɱϾǵ˼ʦģ֮ҲСˣҲܺǰһѵҲҪӡ
ʦҸղźСʦȻûзȥʦͦ찡ڻûȫðɡ֮Ծ
ʦӣԻǿԪΡźûɶʵˡԪεû£Ҳûа취һֱά֣ҪʱʱͣԽãҲԽڼҲܻάģ
Ҳ˵ʦ֣ǲܺ˼Сʲôϵġ
˫ʲôĻǲˡ
ʵԵĽչûУֵȶˡ

ǵԼʦǰֿ˰
֮ĻŶԱЦ

ɫøѿˣ죬ͽ㶼˵ʲô
ô٩Լʦô
Ҫ֮Ѿˣ»ܽ
ʦͲˣҿЦġֱ֮ԣæģ٩ʦҲõ㵽ֹ̫ˡ
Լһ壬Ȼܹüʦ
УΪʦԼе΢΢ĥģǼǺġ
֮˶ˡ
ʦȻĴǣ
ⲻӦð
ʦȻӣ
֮ʱʹļʦʦôûºö˶˸Լʲô֮ǰƽƽɫãԷҪǰûлʦôôƶʦǰ˵ľȻÿģ
ǰȹƶӣ֮ʱ;Լ̫ࡣ
ԭǵûз¸ֶΣʦ˲С
ҪǰԼߵϸͶİ
ںǰһһֱÿͰ͵ģ
ɶʵ̫ɶˡԪӤּܾӦó׷ǡ
죬Ϊʦ֪㻨ӲŲ˵ҪǰǹƵ˻Ǯ
ܴӳˣĳʦĻ˵дʡ
ҵǾãӦǣõǮҲһġ㣬ӣҸɴһһ۳Ų˻ӣ˵һҪٸһǮ˵
ҿһʦͽТ־磬йơ
ǺһϷ
֮æ飬תһʦҲǵһӵͽܰɡ
ǵһġ
ɶֱˡһɶɶһҺõ㡣֮̾ҵʱҲֻƻţӦҲֻܹҿˡ
ô̾˿ʦָǸİɡ
νƣȡʿһƾѪɣʿƲʿ漴Ϩ
ںܶʿԣⶼ֪ѰΣľ
ʦǰ˵춨ǱԲЩҺҲˡ֮̾˿ϨǴʦֵƣʦܣʦãʱɫˣȡ峤١
ȷ˺ܶꡣ
ʦҲѾõˡ
õˡͷЩ꣬ˡ
ʦֶʦ֣ʦʦõӦҲѾˡ֮ϸİˣǽȫĻң֪ǿܻòãȴûа취ְǡ
ʦܡ
ʵ̫ޡ
ֹһε룬ԼܹһȥĻǲǽ־Ͳܱɺ˵
ûġ
ǵѡ񣬲Ǹʱжô޴ܹȵ»ܹٿʦǵļֶѾ˻رһжֵõġ
Ҫô˵ĻôһжҶҪΪ˳еεĻһҲһңӦ㡣ҡҡͷ㲻ýе鶼Լϡ㣬ûĽԨڷչʱյĵز
ܴɽȴؽɽ
ǿѹһУһ뿪еľ棬̾ͻ÷ֱڲԲŵµı硣
Ҳã˭̯ôʦء֮̾˿һô꣬ܶණҲ͸ˡʦǵֵ֮ӣʱĿҲ𡣡
ûз࣬Ѿ֪˶ˡ
ΪͬһĿŬܹôõͬţĺô֮еʹΣǾûа취İõȥԹˡ
˵֮ͻȻһתЦҫʦҲһЩͽܣɹˣ
ʦı¿ɴˣ
𾪣ҲűתעȻܽôͽܣ
һʮͽܣĸˡԨҲΪЩӷ̫࣬һڶֱɾƷֱƷţʿҪ¡ֱ֮ͦţҲǿԷģ뻹ˣûɶ˼ʦ㡣
Ϊβ
ʦһܴģҳԼͽܵҲˣû˸ҡҪǷˣһдͷʼһɽñţҲŲȥǸࡣ֮һʦԼȥ˽ԼĳԹͺˡ
ңֻǸöȤ
Ҫ͵ʦһǡ
֮ǵãԼԪ޵˵ʱԼʣµͽܶԼǰϣܹ
ǲֻܷǲѡ
ΪʲôҪأԼ֮󣬻̲סȥԿһиɱǾ̫ˡ
ԨڵԽãĸֳ֮Խ࣬Խ𵱳ǵʱ⡣
ԹֻʱԽԽɢ
Լ֮ʱԼԪ񣬽һ𣬵ʦԺĻع飬һֱڰĬĬĿųԨڣػųԨڡ
ǳԨмʲô⣬ԼԪܴæΣ
һϣûҲûа취ΪԨǽѵġ
ҪҪʦҫһ¡֮󣬡иͽܾǵޣһҲȽ޲ر
ŶɹûУ

ûУԨûзɹĵޡԱ߲еĻҲ֪ܲ
ŷʿǶǽϢдǽϣ񹩺հġ
еޣ֪ܲ
Ȼûǲҵ⣬־ᶨ
Ǻǡûͽӡ
ȿȣڳԨŶҵػûгʲô©֮ҫֻ˵ġȻǸͽûѡ˻Ǻܰġ
ƣԨչ֮ã벻Ļʶ鰡
εȻǰЩӦҲܻѡˡһ䡣
Ϊǰŵʵǲ̫УǿѹȡҺ˹أÿһԨڵţδǽΪǿģһҪǶıģֻóԨȥʦ㣬ǸӡԨڵķչҲģһֱɵĺ֮ܲΪԵãĿ˷༸ۣʦҲ㣬棬ҿɱǿ
˹ˡ
ҫͽҫ˵۹⣬ֱӲһһСһ˳Ҫ裡
͵͵Ŀһ۷ɫǽһѿ
Сһ˵ĿԲƽϣʦӻҪ˼ġ
Сһʤĺǿ
ȿȣƽĶۣСһɣܴ֮⣬ȷʵҲûʲôʤ֮ĵطεһŷ档
⻰ɲ˵СһӣĻһһըġ
ģҪֲ֪˵ʲôֻܿԼͽܵЦԽԽ
ҲǣСһ벻ǵԱѵòһ䣬һ㻹Ǳǿġ
֮
Щƣ漴ֽ
ͽԶͽܣǲʤġ
Ƕһ˼ô֮²۵ʦҲ˼
ûʲô˼ġܽ
ʦı˲٣СʦĹ֮͡΢ЦôһҾͷĶˣȻóǺá
ˡ֮ͷȻʲôʵԵĶ֮Ҳܹܵĵ¶һ㣬΢Щ˼
ʦѾͲСˣһһǧ˰֮꣡ŭ
Ҫô㣬һǧ꣬Ҫұȣ
ʦ壬ܻôʱҲࡣ֮˼˵
ͷ̱ץ
֮Ĳ̾ͱһţų˸򣬱ݺݵĽѵһ١
ûѵ㣬ǲ´ô
СӣҲˣʦֵƽƽҪ㣬㻹
׬ǮУͬžС
ΪҲ֪ǰ͵͵ȥȻƣ˸ƭˡ
ƭҲˣ㻹ȥҪ顣
ݣʦô֪
ΪʦһصĳӣȻͱ¥ͽܣ
һͿҲû
ιιʦҲˣûΪҵĵ˰ɡ֮
ԼĵסЦ
ĬĬıͷȥұ档
ܸо⻭ͽ̫ܲһ
ţֲǰСһһֱ˵ԼӣȻĺһס
ôһСһûôˡ
Ǵֵӣ֪ǰĺܲ
֮ãһļһֹͣɵľٶ
ʦںһ֮󣬿Щ˾ͻҪʱˡ֮¶ֻ״֮ǰôɡ
ϵûа취Ըʱ֣֮Ҳܽشɽ羭ôҲе滢ǰǺлʦĴɲǧǰá
෴Ǹʱɽûʲô֪ȣǰ赲ĶһЩں֮ڡ
񣬷ٷҪԵľѾ׼˼ǧĹˡ
磬мͽأ֮ѯʵ
ĿǰĻں̫һڡԱ˵ƻһЩССɣ˴šԨ˻ϲڣҲûһս֮
ϲڶ̣ûʲôսܰɲУѾǳ˴ˡں̫һڣԽԽǸӡ
뵱꣬ɶǶԻȻȴ߹һûˡ
ΪһɣΪȻҪͬɸȴ֡
ԨһҲӣһѻ˸ɾԸԨڸɸɾưܣҲҡβǿ
ɱ˱ǡಢ¡
ֲûоһһʼͻޱͿЩ˵پˡ
ʦǿɲ򡣡֮ץǳԨڵвأץ˷赲ĽأѾɽˮĵزʲôǿܵġʱʦһһܾ¶ˣ
̫ǿǶԸرǿˣͻɵΪû˻ֵزǵǶ֪ܴùʱ
ηηβʴתԼСҪԸЩ޳ˣ͵ñǸ޳
ǵΪǿҶϷ̫ˣӵӰѾˣǶ֮ǰȥں̫һǵıץҪˣǲˣУôҲӭսҪˣһЩĻУҲú£ǵİѱǲ̫ĵġ
Сʦ˵ʵ̫ˡ֮ĿңڣҲõʦɵıƭˡҺʦûиԼȻʦˣĺܵƭʬ޴档
ţܲǸζʲôˣΪʦûܵҪôĵĵز
֮Լʦ֪˵ʲô
ʦ̫Ҫǿˡ
ܹôʼһҪǿĳֽǶ˵ʦҲͦµġ


130 
ˣʦȻҪǿһСʦ
ֹ֮һε룬Ҳʦָĺ˰ɡһҲͰˣʮȫʮأ
ôһҪǿҪӻʵʦҲʳʡԼԴΪ˸ͽʹãҲʾ֭ȥôͽܿģôͽǹøһ㡣
һ㣬ѾϺÿĵʦǿˡ
ˣʲôʱȥģԥһʵҪȥץʲôˣ
ǵĺĵӣ˽ӣԼǵ֮֮ġ㶼ûзַʦûйô̲סѯʵǰһлͻ̵ġңһЩ̫ϳǶû
ΪΪҪչصԵʡ淴˼һ£ǲԼƽʱıֵĳ֮ԲŻִҶ£ֻһڱչص״
ŶΪǷֳɼȥɻˡҽ͵չ֮ǰҿǾװˡˣֻϷԵȰ㶼ûһֻô
ֻѾӾֲˣ֮ǰֻ洫ӺͳǲУŵӣֻҪᵤɹҲһ̨ǷڸԣָֻҲ֮ǰһһȫǹڡĻ⡣
Ҷ컳ˡ
ͺܲҶڷԼȣͺ׷ֱһģûһЩ棬ΪǳıߣɱǰĿҪ˼Ķˡ
ҺͷһչأŵȷչصʱֻʱȻܿ͹ȥˡ
һûкһϰʱؿֻԼĴָｫֻóĹˣֻ硣
ֻʲô֮Աһͷˮоĳַӣƺе㲻һ
ҽԼֻóĺ֮һ
֮ĸ־Ǵ̾ͿֻĹܶ̾ѣĺܷ㣡
ǳԨڵĵӲ񣬶ʱű磬ֻͬͬҲյϢæ
֮˫ֽϵϵȶĴѶҪ̫ˡ
ǵİҲͶǮֻҪٵʮ꣬ȵǽǰĴˣҲջһĳɱˡϲҲѾֻˣȻͬˣ۸ҪɣʿҪĻõȵȣҪȽԨڵֻͺʲôĶһ󷨣ñ˿̽ء
˵ֻҵͷͷǵ
ĳ׼ҵļӪҲˡ
ǰ̸ֻͨͳ«ڡ
ٺ٣Ʊܹϵ¶һθĸ
Ϊ˳ǺȤζǳڣ
ȵֻʿˣֻϷзԶô
ⶫܹһСС޷յˡ֮ҪӳԶһЩ׵ľЩˡ
Ҵ඼䣬ô׹׽ʿҲԸ߳ȥĳ֮¡ͬССûʵϣҲˡ
ʿΪ˻ùȻҪУѣ˲ѧһǰĹ
ֻͲһˡ
һ˽ֻֻԸֻϷ֮Ϣôʿù֮оͶ˺ܶࡣؼǣֻ޷׷鵽˭ģҪϢֻܵԨ
ɳԨʲôèϢģ
ҪԣǰڳԨҲ˸߰˴Ρ
ȻôһɲٲõӰ죬˵ǶЩûʲôҲδĿĵײɢ˵ֻ˽һĿܡ
ֻһ̿Ϊֻз˵ҺѹضҲܵؽµ£
Сʦҿֻз΢һЩ֮룬Ȱ˵ʦ֮ٳƿֻɡ
ţЩȣô˵
Сʦֻᴥ˵档֮ҡҡͷ̾һֻ̿зֻѹͬ³ֻ˵ǰշҲǿеġôһ͵ڸǧ磬ֻѹֱʡ
ҲоܷˣұȽʵûִ̫УҲΪҪȥСһƹֻܷŬʲô
Сʦһҵ˼
΢һܶ
ֻ𣬴˶ҵķչ˶ҵ˥䡣
ûֻЩˮڵι˾ôһ𣿹ֻǵԱϵĵ궼
Ƽһ֣С˵Ǽĸ˵ײţӯһֶΡ
ʱЩַˣȻͻὫìͷתҡ
ңһЩҲģϿ϶Ҳ档
ǿв棬ԣǣ
ҵֻвĿ¾ɵ棬ʱֲƷܴ򣬿Щ̾ͻתǹͷԸңĳĶ󿿡
ֻû˿ɽȫ˼ҵͳǽˡ
ֻҪ±Ҳûô죬ǴȵСһ֮ɽֻ֮Ϣվġķûа취˴Ϣ΢Ц˵СһΪţǸ֮󣬾ҪԸңҲÿԼܲܶùСһ
ó
Щ飬һܱܿգΪʲôأ
ֻǳԨڵ¢ҵ
ֻڣԨµͳϾֻҲΪΪ¡ǳԨڣעҪʷˡ֮ɸ̾
ŻںʦҫԼĳɾͣСʦƾһֻԺǧ磬ɽĳɾͶֻߡ
ʦ۹
ǰǼʦһڸ̾ʦֻнˣͶ̥תһٴҲ˳ǵȴû뵽ʦһˡĵ£ǰڳԵ࣬Ҳûʲôġ
ƣעһĿ⡣ЩȻŲŲŲ
ͽܿȫĽӿ˳ļƣܲڡ
ǰҲǳһҷĸͽܵû뵽ʦ֮ѣԽԽʦ˲¶࣬Ҫʦʦʦ֪ˣܵ٩ʦ߷
ʦͺúñСʦɡ˵СʦԺϵĵ·ߵԶˡ
ĳ˼
վһļ֮Ͽô
һֱΪԼûҵġ
Խżһ㣬һ͸
Ҳʱʱ̵̿ı㣬ңһᾡܡ֮⣬ֻҪŬˡһҲܼʱϹҲ֧һҲʶССֻ̲صĿֲɫ
֮һͬŷ࿴˹ȥ
˵ֻʱô


131 
֪ԼӦΡ
ⳡξȴޱȵʵͺڻлþﾭһΧһжԵôʵ
ûżⳡΣѾǻʿѾʲô¶ûеСʿҲҪԼڵǵʲôط־ô£
һʿС
ʿʩչģòطΪģҲϴ˸ָαװĶ
ҿˣӦһС
ֻںϣʿǲŻὫԼڱεʵ
ߣʿ࣬ͳĸȥطǱ˲ٿصĻô֮Ҳóǰǡ
ǰ˸û
ϧʯûд
ʲôûĺûɶȥˡ
˾Ҫĺû

Щʿǵ˽Ҳһɺ
֪ΪΣﲢóʶȻһʶɨȥܿһУﻹõԼ۾ȥ
Һò׼Ⱥǰ֮ʱνĺûѾ߳
һǧƷʯûм۸ߵģ
ǴŵҲ˰ȻǻѪСֻҪһЩҩδزܰѪΪ
̨ϵʿߺȡ
Ѿ̨ϵĻʲô
һ޴ˮװһСˡ
СһҲԼӣˮŬĳЩʿĸˮʣ·Ѿһһ㡣
ˡ
ȻֻѾȫ˵Ļǣ֮»ܳԳԺȺûûεģֻˡ
һǧƷʯſڵСôܳԣҲˡ
ɽ

һǵһμνİˡ
ԱһԼβͲôÿòҲԶԶûԺľޣһӪ㡣
һҲԼõͷôҿԳԺȺȣԼȴôһˮҡУ̲סҪ
㡭ˣ⻰ŵò㱻ͷסɤӣҡܿ޳ģݰͰ͵һҲóԣ˵ͷͷͷȡ
شңΪʲôץ˻ԵôģҼ׷ʵ
ʦʦֶģǺܿҡͦͦظҺôſ˳ԣҳԱˣʦʦǾͻˣöҺһ㡣

Сһ֪ܳԣɴ㱻ι㣬һ٣
ֲôĳԶһҲء
ǿɲһ΢ЦҿǺǿģʦʦܣɲһܹȵĻ㡣
Ҽۣô￴ܴģʦʦܴ򲻹ʦҲһܹù
Ҵһ·ųԨߡ
ȵ˯֮ķԼֻʱˡ
˯ˣֶ˶㣬ؼˣӦʶ·ɣֻ֪ԨɽطҾͲ֪ˣҪָ·
㡭㡭֪ǳԨڣˣСţȻҲô
ǵȻҿ϶شΪСʦﰡʦҵˣҵȻ֪㲻ͳô
ɵˡ
ʦʦ
ҺӦһ
Цеңܹ׼ȷĽгԼ֣֪ΪʲôЩҪţתͿ쵽ˡ
С
ôӻţ岻ĽҴš
ʱ˿̵ĳԨڣĽһơ
һֵǮĶûУȫǸ̨ӡ
ɽȫǹͺͺĲ˵·ûֻҲϡĿֻнܸо˿˿Ƶ
ôĵطҲ֪Ǵҹġ
ǧǰ֮ԽĵطԽĳԹɱ෴طȻƫƧưܣЩСĺ˵ȴһ԰ȫסĵط
Ҵս֮ܵĹ
ڵ֮ҲڵΪҶóһܽס
㣬Ϊʲô˼֮һѴ󵶣Ļֿץˮһ
òⱿ㾭ܲס̿򣬽ĵ˸ɡ
ǵģʦܣ֣λСʦͰ͵ıȻ֪ҵ֣֪ǵģ֪ʦҪ鶼֪϶ʦ˵ġ
֮Ҳɵˡ
ʦ
ǰ˵ʿᵤûħôҸоԼħþ֮
ҿЦãʦ?
֪Σû뵽μķǶǰСһǵĹȥ
ƽСһ߶ˣԼ˼ҹΰɡ
ȻˣҲͲŴⳡˡ
ΪʱСһҪһԼһͽǵĿ֣
ʦ˸񣬳ȥ׬Ǯȥˡ֮ʶĻش֮־òɡʦܿͻģǿҲʦĶ֣ҴûмʦʦԺģǲʦһ
˺ˣһ·˲ٳԵģҸǷַ֡ƽƽأʱӦòɡ
ʦö֪
ʱӦûûа²ǣôܻȱأ
Խ϶ֻһˡ
ǻþĻܻŪôԵĴ
ԼĶ̫˽⣬ҴĳԵĿɱȷȤˣԺܿģƽƽм䶼Ҹ²ˡ
ó˿Լһ档
Щÿ춼ݱҪĵ˵ǻǵһô˼ϷôóԵĶ
ҲǵʦҲҪҵǵʦˡ
Сʦʦ˰֮ĳĳʳ֧֧ʦȻܴ򣬿ĺܲϧ񰥡
˵ʦܺáһѺ̧ͷʦ㲻˵ʦá
ɱ㡣֮Ҫۣ׻ףͻȻðһʦ϶Ҫġ
Сʦ￴ŲǸˡƽƽƵĿ˵СʦĿ峺һ֪͸ˡ
ƽƽǶƵģȻǸϺˣʵֱܻġϸֻܵŨŨ⣬һ˿˿ʦϵϢ˵Լʦмŵģֻǲ֪ʦôæǴʦˡ
Ҫʦúãܴ򣬹ؼǺױ϶һͲͷͬģ϶һҲͷ룬СһвŵģƢõûÿÿûܴ򣬱ܴĿǰڡ
ʦӶ֮ҡͷԵûйϵʦǲʦ㣬͡ʦʲô
ġǿһס֮졣
ЦʦҪǺʦܵĻˣҿ϶ʦ㡣
ƽʱܹһ㽣ͿˣûӮҡҰڰ֣ʾڱĵطµ㹦
ֻʦǰﲻ㡣
ԼʦõĹҵѹô
ʦ϶ԣ;Բԡ
ʦʲôã̫ڷˡ
ǰϴαҧˣȶܶʦұھǸ

ͽһһģʼ²ϵĲ
ʦر𲻻׬Ǯ˽һ׬ǧʯ׬ʮʯͲˡ
ԶԣһǮִţҪʦһֱǮǿ϶Ͷˡ
Խ˵ԽòԣʦɲҪʦǶƿԺ϶ܹǶϺӵġ
ʦϲôҿһ
ʦһ廨ҸӰɡ
ҡҰʦ
ҿһСܲͷ̲סЦЦģҲ
Ǿͺá
Ҳʦһ˹¹µ̫ˡ
ʦڣǾͷˡ
СʦʦҪˣɡƽƽͻȻվ˵Сʦɱ¾ע¶ĴǶɱ¾Ĵˣעûа취һֱʦġĻؿһֱȥġ
Щǰƽƽ֪Ѿ˳˵ģ
תͷˣ֮ҲѾģ΢Цſ
ʶⳡλҪˡ
Сʦףʦþã


132 
ࡢ֮˵˵ЦЦʱ򣬳ԨڱɳȥĵӺͳھҵҵ
Ԩڣʵ̫̫һںԩ޳Ǻιץˣ̫һڵӷŭ
̫һһΪصСŵ̫һһԶŮʿף̥̫һļ⡣Ϊ˵е˻ԼĶŮ֣̫һԼĸԼĶŮԶ볾ССеԪӤԱ֮ٽš
ΪԶŮ̫һ˵ǿĹ裬ĵرҪǮ͡ΣֶҪ츳ҲÿԡԶŮ츳ɴС̫һǶлĲôءҪ뿪СҲûϵʦʦǻᾡľıǣֻҪֳ̫飬һж̫һ
ʼ֪ԶĴ֮ʱҲ죬ϤǰС˵ľڻң
̫һԶŮҲ֪أҲʲôаŮ顣̫һ˶Ͷͱûȥִʲô
ֻ̫һںһҪԸԨڣԨȻҪΪǿ
̫һΪԼСģȴ֪ϲڵ̽Ѿ̽һ
⻰˼̫һѾ׼ԳԨڳˣǰ֣ǵ⣿ԨڵĵӲóܣɻϲڵó
˿̺ͷһͬǰǻϲڵ˫̥ʥŮ֮һǸųȥһҲȥˡ
֮ǰ˵ҲͰˣЦеĽҿɴ̫һڵЩӲŷԭһλ֮ǰõˡ˼ԭľѾ˵ǣЦǻΪԴ򶯣ҪôԼСʦܴˣ
ǳԨô˵Ҳɣ֡
δ䣬Ѿһӳ˵̫һڵֱˣ롣
ʦæƣ漴ֺٻҪ̫һڲˣУǳԨڶԿҲս֮ԭͻء̫һڲ壬ǾҪˡ
ԨڵĵһӵϣЩ̫һڵֵܹ
֪ص̫һںĵӣ߲֮Ļ䡣
ԭԨڲû׼෴ʵʵս֮ǰֳҪô꣬ԨھȻǱǧ꣬Ǻ彣ڴĲƽɫǱ彣ʵ̫ǿ̫ˣ
ӶǻڵΪѾǺˡ
ڵʿ̫һڶǾصĳȴֻһӣ
̫һڣܹһεĶս֮ռô
ֻЩǶֹҲûа취ȥˡ
СѾԨȫһҲ봫ȥ
ʦ֣һǰûƲôеʦүùǲ͵͵ȥʦүСˣ
ɫһ
̵飬ܽпСô
ˡУ˵
ʦ֣̫ˣթ˰ڻʵʵŶӳǩʦүָ㣬Ȼ͵ܣ
Ӽװû
ʦүôʱ䣬һѳԼһʦʦǵỴ̂ǲõֶΣ²ܵõʦүָ㣿
ƵҲڡ
뿪֮ھǱ˾һĺ
Ƶ˲ҪôͳɹĴڵһı
뿪֮ǰƷоһǿɢϢӦþźȻɣȻûг֣Ƿ뿪һʱóƻԼõıǲǼٵģ
ġ
Ȼӷȴûж֣ԵʮֹŹˡ
ɳҲ׷׵ˣ֪ԼԲе¡
Ǵ˱ߣһ㶼û
ͬģҲԳԨڵİ
ţǳԨûµġҪģǳԨҲ㡣
ڡ̫һںͳԨڵȻҲ뵽ǧ粻ɵĶС
ҵ뷨ͳһǾϹۡ
ţûһǺģսܲ͡ǲܰ˭߲˭һˣװơ
⼸֮ĶԹǶҲеϢֻǵĶԹǻܳͣһ£ýò׵ĺƽơΪ˵ͳΪ˴жô˵ٶĻûõˡ
˵ͳʹоǵ㡣
һ漰㣬ôһжá
彣ͳԨڳԿɣʱҲ˹ĳĬǸûдûһһ
Ҳûµȥ彣ڽ飬ţҲʮ侮ʯ⻰˵꣬˾ͱ彣ڵ˴һ˳ȥ
彣ڷŻǾԲ֮Σ
ⲻڽʲô壬彣ڹԼʵ֮ľ
ֻǺͳԨڴûµġ
ؼǸһ飬ֻǹһô
Ϊʲô彣Ѿȴ͵͵˵ǸǴ˵еĽأ
ûнĳԨڣǸҧһڡ
зڵĳԨڣֻ͵͵
ֻͨЩǵȵġ
һĶսˡ
ʦʱˣýˡ֮ŷ˵Ц˺ü죬ȵӰԽԽ͸ʱųѡ
ϾѾˣֻһĨлꡣ
ܹڶԺ¼ʦ͵ʦûлǰɫۿСʦԺ棬ͬǴţ²ҪǸĽ
ٵȵȡĬһΪѰһЩܹǿĶܹ
ʦ֮ĴϷĻʦǰҲ˵ˣܲΪˣҲű˰ɡ
Ͷһʿ
ƣɱ̫ˡ
ǸʦЩˡ֮εЦЦֻǱҸҪ㡣ʦҲ֧Ų˶ˣҪģ
ڻǵ˵ͷ
Ǹ˵ĻʵѾ˵Ĳˡ
ֱ뵽ֻǶҪʱάֵپԶһ㡣
೯һŽ˹ȥ
֮Ǹ֮ϵģཫϣô֮Ĳлܿͻ᳹ɢҲǷһֱһߣҲûѹԭ
ڣԴߴٵ֮ǾͲװɵȥˡ
һŽಡһӿ뵽֮С
ʱƱɫ
ֻԼʶ֮Уһɾǿнͷ֮Լ˺飬ԪӤҪɾļҪ顣
޺ͽ֮ıԼµһ𼸺ǲɷָġ
ǽ޻߽֮һȻôҲᱻֿġ
񣬷꽣Ҫӽ»Ϊ˻꣬ԼȻҲֻܱӲĳ顣
Ȼ׼ȴû뵽ʹˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ǰСһѵ˺üûʹ
ֲý޶鵱һţһֿϵġʹ顱
Ȼһ̣һ紺绯ĵʶ֮УԪӤ
ŤͷȥȴԱߵ֮ŷϵ뵽֮С
СʦʦϵĹ½⡣
Ҳɵ˳֮˵ŷ࿴˹ȥ
ʱڷΧһȦһȦɫ
ЩͬϪˮһ㻺ʣΧŷܣһĽԨΪ׼õĲȫС
¡¡
һһĽ׺ĺڳԨµ֮ϡ
˿̵ǧ磬еĴܣħ޷ޣħ壬˲Ͷʶŷڵķ˹ȥ
彣ʥ
ʦҹ˿ŵֱӱԭΣ¾˽ʥš
ֻڸͻȻ͸оһɼصĽϢϢһëֱعʱѾԭΡ
ҹûио˿ֲϢ
ǰҲΧ۹һЩʿǸʱȻֲҲʧ̬ڣֵʲôɽ٣ٵϢȻܹԽǧ磬³뵽֮С
Īǣʲô겻ħҪ³ˣ
ǽ񣡡ǿƽɫ֮ŵǲεļ˷ܣҹ˵ǧǰ֮ʱˣףħȻƲ컯ΪֲڶϵˣǰΧۣƾ˫
ҹֻŵɪɪﻹҶ໰
ʦǲѾϢŵɵˣǧǰĽʲôϵ
ĳؾ֮С
С㶼ô࣬ӦÿԻ˰ɣΪʲôһҪȵ֮Ҳ⡭»ûн˵꣬ͻȻͿСವ֮С
ֱʲôԣΪҲԸӦ֮䣬ֻǾؿЩƵģ׷ʲô顣
оСĺ¡
ССôˣºż
СȴûлشһֱŲϳ
Խļˡ
СѾԲЩѾ˼εסΪˣؾЩ꣬󣬾Ϊ˻СΪΡɲôȰСֲʱΣ˵Ҫȵĳ˶ɽٹܽΡ
ͨѪ⣬ҪΪƱػܵʣγɹĿԵ͵Ϊ㡣
ҲΪ֮ͨİأҲ֪ԼΨһܹεĻ
һҺͷʱ֪Ļϡ
ิպͷ֮䣬ôһĿ϶
Ǹʱֻᶢеɱ¾ޣֳܹԸͨ룬ҲޡõĻΪεĻᡣ
Ѫ֪Ļ
ܶͨΪһӶûܵĻᣬԲŻ䣬ͨҲ˾֡
ҪΪΣ͵õôһС
Һãȵˡ
Ϊ֮󣬾͵ȥ
룬ݺݵһ£˺ú֪֪ڵ׷ʲô顣
⧲ıһ£漴С֪С¾ʹʽֱӹ뵽µԺ֮С
Բۣ
ٶƿڴ
ԭĲʲôһĽ飬Ǵ˵еĽడ
ңܾȻܹôã
ӵǸʲô찡
ں̫һڴ
ǻûüΪԨڵȳֶѾܵ˴ӳԨﴫϢ
ȻȻʧЦ
Ȼ
Ȼ
תͷɫͻȻ̫һֻúЦֿ
ţг˵ҪԨһѵҪóԨڽĶŮԹϣҪǸƣ˵Цļƻ
ƻٺãֲǿ󣬾ȫǸЦˡ
ǽ񡣡Ȼӵļ̫һĶȴ֮ǿѾӦеĽޣˣϽ˺αҪΪĲô꣬Ҫǵȥѹأ
һʼǾͲͬһε
ܹƽ֮٣½ˣϹ䣬سʥҲǿܵġҲвԽĸ߷塣
Щܹģ޷Ǿὣ÷ิĽŲôһЩˡ
ɡѾڷิ֮ĵ죬ͽ١ʱҵȱ뾫ȫǰȥ赲²ܽ£Ҳش֮
ֻнش֮ȫʢ̬ɽ磬ǲܳô˻ٶȶԷ֡
Щˣǰ䣬ķʵڻҰˡ
ԣǷҪȵĽ٣̫һڶ۵ȻѾˡ
ݱѾ
еʢȻĳųԨڵȥ
һ죬Ѿˡ
ʢһκ㲢ս˾ˡݱ΢ЦſԱߵĽ˵ѣٲսЩףЩθǰˣҳݡ
ҪҲܼ򵥣ںƽƽһȥķ
һֻء
Ҳƽƽ߹·
ܹΪЧҵĸʢ鿪ĵĻش
һֱڽڣŵţΪ˽һ졣
ǵģһֱ֪ǰһʵûдꡣ
֪˶ֻղĵһĵˡ
ľڵ֮⿴ա
֪ѾҪˡ
Ȼ֮󲻻ǿҡ
Ϊݡ
ƫƫ˳ɹˡ
һУǧǰѾʼ
ĵΪ̺ǰ·ǧҺͷһ·
Ȼʱһȥˣַʽ䡣
ҲζڵʱѾɢɢ֮ǰǽھˡֻˣһܱסһ˿
Ե̾̾
Ҳӱڵ˾һ̿ʼעҪԼĺȥݶɡ
ڣͷˡ
ҴĿǱ½ŵķ֮ʱ֮·ҲѾԲԸһɢڿС
ЩĿҺͷۣϵЦȴһ㶼û
á
񿴼ԼʦֵǶ³ǰһͬߣĿǵʦԽ֮
ǸʱһͬʦĹǰĵһ
һΪʦ·
ⳡԽǧŬ˻ر


133 
Ҫ˵ԷิӰģ磬ɽ硣
ֳĶ֮ɽôܲ
ҲĽԼһôิֻʱ䣬Ǹβźá
ʦ֣𼱡
ôܲ
Ǹ߸ϵֻҪɣȻͻΪ׵ɽ磬ԶԶӲпᡣʱʿô˵ˣٻҪһɽ磬ǾͳΪеġ׸ĵֲֶܸ࣬ʲôȫˡ
еһУÿԼȥá
ҪһƬޱ޼ʵɽ֮д޵дԼĶҪͲͬ۽ԼĹһθ磬ţж츣أֻҪԼԸȥҾҵõɽ磬㿴üĶǱཨģһ㶼ԼĴҪ
ûֳɵĹûֳɵľ飬˶ҪԼ
ʲôɳôմ˼̻𣬵ɽ綼ҪԭΡ
ܹģûһǼ򵥵ġ
½ҫ˵Ҫ˷ѹ
ɽ磬ǲҵһǿɽͷͶ⿿Լǻǧ궼ӵԼĶΪˣĻجج޲ɢΪΪ˴ͷĺá
Ѿɽ綥֮һҪһɱ¾ķҪԶֻ֣Ҫֳ򣬾Ͷ˽׵
ǳյģں̫һǡ
Ϊ棬òϣҲҵ˻ᴫѶ½ţǵһ
ิΣľǡ
̫һȻǲڵϣźȻѾʧȥ־ǳ£˵Ҫװ䡣ڵŭ塣
Щ½ţ˷Ҳˡ̫һڷĮԶԣЩѾĲδҪɽ紴Լź֮ѣɽѾϹ˺͵洫˵ȵȹϷֵһ˿ʣҲܿˣֺα⣿½ʧʱ㿴ɽѣ˭Ķ½Żѵģ
ѾɣǾͺͷûκιϵˡ
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һѾע⣬һȷضᶯ֡˭ʤ˭ܣǺθɣ
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ҶһԭεȻ˵и۵ħǰˡ

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Щ޴һ²۵ıһݣƲһͷħŴǶ̲סҪԼȥѪɱˡ
ѪȻЩһŴϹؾħ顣ħ֮ħڵħѾΪһķħ飬ɢɳ֣ҪħҲûϰĹ򡣡ħŴſ¶ˣѪ޼ɵһҲֻҪ֪ħʹ÷ˡ
Ҫǲħʹð취ͳֶᱦˣڵȵڣ
ȻҲѪȥ̽Ԩڵʸ
̫ܹ̽ĳԨڵǳ
Ѫ˴ʴʣܿ͵˷ڶ·
Ԩʿʶ࣬˫ֽɽĶȲ

СһһǺɫϵƽһԣҸоԺǾٰ˫޴䶼Բû·ˡ˫޴仹Ҫ·ǰһͿʼ룬Լǲܴž·ôˡ
Ѿ޿
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ľһѵ·͵Сһ㻻ءҺٺЦһЩȽϸģСһ㴩ž͸ոպáǰɣ㳤̫ÿܴʲô·ѹס㣬ҸоʲôһˡȻͰ봩ÿġ
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֮һоѻΪΡ
ͬѪڣѪŵӻûзӦѾ⽣ɵķ顣
֮ըһһѪ
Ϊ֮𶯡


134 
Ѫͬһɵգ֮ͻҷ
йµ˶ûзӦѾѪڵЩ˵ʬ嶼Ѿˡ
΢΢üЩħϵѪծٶȻӳһ
һգ۾ѾԽԨڵķƴ磬ֱѪ֮
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ͷôԣղҲ˵ҲǶȷ
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ղŴϢѪڵɽ壬һԾ֮ϵĽΪƽءһħɫľľĻشѪڸŶŵһҲҶˡ
˵Ǵ
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ղŷһֻüһۣû뵽˼ҵĽѾԽʱͿռľޣԶһѪڸˡ
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ħڣʱȷɽɡħ沢Լڳ־Լ磬κһӵĶ֪ʱɲǳԨڣӲһλ˵еĽ񡣲Ȼ˼ѪҪŵİӣ
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ǰǰﻹһֽʱû¾Щǹ࣬ΪԼֽĲˡ
֪ʦүʲôʱ̳ʦүʲôʱʱܹҵԲι۾ͺá
ʦүȷҲʣʱ䣬㻹ʱЩǵʱôʦүɡ
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һˣ˵ȥ

֮ѪڵΪڼ̵ʱ֮ھѾɢǧ硣
ЩڳԨΪеɣѾʮ궼῿ԨڣòѪں󳾡ЩͳԨΪеɣ˿Ļο־壬ǾͲΪ˵ˡ
˿ֲĶ֣ǳԼҲûʲôİ취ˡ
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ʦ֣ҵܹǳΪţɲʦƫҡεȻЩ⡣ʦүҵĹϵ˶óʦүѾԭĽԼѾǻǴһζʲôõ˵ô
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ˣʦ֣ȥҴһĳϺ͵ǶûУʦүѾѹǧ磬ǳԨҲúúñֱ֣ܶʦүźá̫һںڵˣҲòжˡ
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ոֳôĶɽں̫һ֮ǰļƻϡá
֮ǰ֮»ԸæЩɣʱ˿̶ͻȻ伣֮ͬǰȥﶼԭⲻĻٲ֡
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˵ǰвʿѾ޷׼ȷǧǰĽൽʲôʵĻôѪڵĸĹ
ѪڴСҲǸħţ˵ûûЩħֱӷɽ׼㿪ڵЩӡ
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ǰŶѵһ˷Ŵúɽ֮ǵѵʵɵ͸ӵɽİæΪβҪûǣԭеǱü۸ģõɽİʼѾһ·
Ѿı棬һǧڣǻΪ롣
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졣Ȼ˵֣ҷȰһ䣬׼£ԼһɡպǴעҪһ𱻻𣬿ЩúӻҪģǲпԺؽϣ
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ཫӭһŬġ

һûãô֮ǰʧܵЩᱻЩ˸һ취ûС
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ҪͶ˶֮꣬ɽ֮Уȥ֮⣬δ֡
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˴η޷赲Ϸ֮ûһǰƺֻ˵һѰһ㣬ɱ¾ĴˣΪˡ
Щ˵ԼͷҶ˵һ仰
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ԭӯƱעһЩŹֵĶһӾͱóޱȣɽų
뷲䣬ްꡣϷǾȥ磬ȥԸһ·Ľ
̫һںڵЩǵɴ۾ֱڲʶǵĳͷʲô
ȻֱӰǵ˵ݣ֪עʲô޷֮ߣֱӶ뷲䣬һɢɣ
ɲЩģֻ˵һʲôĻǵӰѾɽʧܿͶ֮С
ǿ²ǷĶ֡һС˵֮ǰ֮ʣѾնɱһλˡ
ĽˡҪԹ壬ôܲ˽
ȵ֮Щ˵鷳ֱӽ鷳½ȥҲǷˡ
̫һںڵļ̳֮ϣӭ˴ǡ
Ŀĺܼ򵥡
Щʿûһ˻ǷǰķĶ֡ôЩѾ˵ˣϵ䣬ȥһԷĽǲǻǧǰһ
ǲУͽҲ޷


135 
һαˡ
ֱ˼顣
ǰСһԴ򣬶Сһϰָƣȫڱͬʱһᷴû»ܺСһϼСɵȵСһȫָ֮ȻܹСһЩýϰߣٶȴˣòסСһĽȻͱˡ
ⲻܣ
ŵĿǹһСһŵģֻֻû齣ˡ
Ҳ˵һAKСһŵһ֦ȻԼһ
ǰܴ򼸸صİ
ҼѵĴӵȻǻڣˣԼѾ˵ʣʲôˡ
СһҾʵôȫûЧ˵أǾͲǶǵѹˡ
ƺҲʶһ㣬ֻĬĬ̾˼ҶȫʢʱʲôʵˣǸ˵㡣
ллбװ
ΪĿ
ԼǱҿЩջſڽ͵Ҵӻָ俪ʼһֱǽ״̬ʵʱıѹơÿһսʱõԪ֮û뵽ָ֮ԪһóЧ
˵ҷҲõԪզҵʵȫһ
ֲշܴôˡߵǰ̧ļһ˵Ŀ˵Ĵڣĺ˺ޡ
ͺñȴҶһͬĳҴ˾ÿ˶Լ֮ӣǱѡеˡһûɶļһȻڰ˼̹תļôܲ
һȣԼӴ
ͬģЩϵԾͷһȣ¸оԼһˣܿķ˳۲й
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಻֪˵ʲôҲһģûһ˿һи
ΪҲûи̾˿Ŭ˼£涼ãԾ˺츳һ㣬ǰ磬˭Ҳûа취׺ͽ⡣
ʱСһǲǾЩ˵ĵġ
ıȲ
ٴԽʮΰٴҲȲ
Ѿǵڶˣҿ̳ϵǶѾϻиֽˡ̲סû͵˵СһҾԼûнһ̽һ½ô
ѾҴ˿Ҫ͵飬뵽֮ǰҲŬںԼһ¾ҪδҲ˼֮ģ˵˵
ⶫǰоҼСһĴӦЦеŷһİһ𣬾ͲûֱӽԼĻˡ
ЩӦŲŲӣҲĵĿ˹ûа취ְֻ뱧ƣ§Żҡ
Һûбˡ
Ķе죬˼ǿˣԼ˳ҪʩöԷ¡
ҶͶͱˣҪ㰡Ϊ˵ҶǳˣͲһӦô
ʲôǳӦ飿΢΢üѯʵ
ǣȣˣҪˣһȲ˵ˡװһԴĻɫأǰû֮ǰѾҪǮƯС󹬵ļƻˣϧ֮ƻ͸ǳˡǰΪÿ칫˾ͼһߵԵʣձ鳤ö̫еԵʣûܹѾԽˡԽ磬ֱúҲãŮӻûţܲ˸棿
ԼҪ˵ĹƲʲôûҲͲˡ
ĿǰĴ㣬ǰ콣ں̫һҪԸ㣬ŵӻǲģҲǶǱŲġŵӣǱңֳһʱ油ͬʱסʮʿˡ
һ콣󣬲Ҫǧŵӡ
󣬱˴֮ؽ棬һӱԵĹ⻹ܹϡ
ҲŵǱҪѧĹΣұ۾֪ԼôվǰΪʵһֱм䣬վҲмλãѹ󣬵Ҳױ˹
洫ϰһ洫һΪ׵˾ÿһĴӣߵλʦѾʿˣʦٹЩ꣬Ҳܺܿ׷ϡǰڵĽɢ¼ûпͻƵġ
󣬾ǳϺɵĽһ֣ں̫һڵɢҲֹ˵ߵĵĴűеʵ֮ı
ǳԨȻһжǱսȺûн㶷
ǣȥ֮⣬϶һЩĶǰԸࡣ
ЩԤϲġ
޷ҴûԼʲôҲķҡҡͷҿʲôҲ޷İõĿΪҷս
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ֻʵĸãΪȵһ𰸣ȵʢ顣
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ǸʱĳԨԶԶûô˲żüãܹЩһսҲֻзӰˡ
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ͨ뻹δôʢˣԭʦԼ֪ʱѾôô
ͬ˶ⶣǣˣǻ׻һġݱЦͨ룬һûΡ
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ŵӵʵڿǡЩ˵ˮ׼Ʋ˳ԨڵЩ˵׻ҪǲܶԸࡣ
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ǲȥԹλߣҲֻһķˡ
Щǵֺʲôǲֵܱĺطɽ磬ǾҪ½ˡ
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Ƶ˾·Ǿֻ뾡һа취ˡ
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һҹû˯ȵ̫ʱ򣬹ϸԼױױݺζԼϵƽʮơ
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ܶ˶ڵء˵Ԩڿǽѹ׵ĶóˣǶҪ㣬ʦү
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Сһɷһ£ʲôܣȭװ˷罫ֵݵ˷ǰ
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ԨڵʮһεȻʦεȻ˫ս漴ŷ๧˸
֮󣬳ԨĳϵҲǷ׷׽֮УԼͬĳŷƾԨڵӣʦ


136 
ǽ޵Ĵڱһ赲ĽôԨڣɾһνڣ
սһ֪˶֪
ɽǾսʲôزֻ˲Ż
Ԩ߰ڳ˿ӭ͵ļƣеӹųȥں̫һԾɵ֮彣ڣԶԶľԼʩˮ֮ǰǺúÿԼͳԨڵǵĲࡣ
彣ڵ˶ΪһֱܺͳԨںݺݱͷġϾԨڳ˸ӣ彣Ҳͬ˸һһ˭Ҳ˭ԨеģǶУͬΪޣƾʲôһҪǳԨڵһ彣ڵڶأ
񣬲˵ģ˵Щ彣ڵžͳľԼüӡ
ԨڻǺÿ࣬ǾȻиôĽûΪ֪
ѵ⽣ڣ
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ƣһһϦԳɹġ
Ҳ˵ԨںܶǰѾʼʶǵĵˣֻ⼸ǧһֱûʲôıʣҲô
ֱڣ彣ڲŵԿɽһǡ
ʦɲֹЩءһһԶԱߵľŽҲ۾һգգĿžֳĻ棬Ҽǵ÷Ҳͬ鵤ӤǳҲǰ츳ԸŬʶΪȴ߳ҴأˣҿкЩˣΪ٣ʦ֪ΪΣ
彣ڵ˶䣬ҪԼͽʲô߼
Ϊ񰡡һһԥ˵нָ㣬ǵΪȻһǧ彣ڵʦүҲ·ָ㣬Ȼܹøǿʦûʲô취ǵʦүҲæС
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ʲôָȻʢ뷨ҲĴ㡣
ͺʢһʼ
һͷ»ڰż䵥ĵӶԸ̫һһɢɳϡ
ȻİæµΪҲʵߣǰܶԼģС͹ˡ
û뵽ǣλɢɳʵǿлǼҲֻǽڽڰˡ
ԨڵˣҲڲʲô
ۡ
һ죬±Уϵͨ˿֯ɵķȻ˴ʣµĲҲ㹻Ѫˡ
ŶŮ˲ͣΡ
㡢ˡ
ΪӲͺǵһѧ˵һ˵۶Щ塣
ŵɱȴʵʵġ
λɢɳƺоĳֱħ޶ϵĿ־塣
֪ӺζĿ紵𣬽Ůǰ紵ɢ¶һȻΣպµ
۾ŹŹֵɫͷī촽ȴʺĹ֡
һ֪ˡ
ηúûΪҲ֣ɢɳѹйŹ֣һĳֻҪĻŵĹŹŮС
СֻüôһҪæ
ȻСȴѾſ˫֣˲ŶҺ˿ӿ˲ͷסλɢɳеȥ·
λɢҪʲôйЩ˿ܹǰԤжһͶ
ӿֲĻֹڴˡ
Щ˿ڴʱ򣬶ҺѾ˳˿֮УʼҵĸʴܳʲôĽⶾ޼¡
ʲô޶ҺȻܹ˵ĵɢɣ
һʱ䣬λɢɳԺ֮Ϲ޵֡
ǣϹޣôطĪⳤԨڵӰЩϹޣҲҪ⻯ΪθϹô
㣬ͨ졭
ûü˵꣬ͨĶҺѾ׸ʴҲʱʲôһ㣬Ѫ⼸һ̲Ѫˮ
Ա߿ŵĳԨڵǲǰ
⣬˰
ôֲȫʬġ
СҪǰѾðű˿ʿķȥСɲܳ԰ϽǶԸһ


137 
ྲĵŵڶ׵ĵ
ĿЩΪսˣҲ֪Լһεķʵʵڵںܶ˵İġ
ԼԸЩˣܹ˱ĵĶɽ٣ƣʤĶɽ٣Ȼá
Щ̫һںڵ˴Ҳû뵽ԼȻط赲赲ǵĻһЩƽǷˡ
ǡ
ԨڣȻеģȻҲĺԡ
ڵɢɾȻаλ
ں̫һڵɢɼҲĸЩʱ½磬ں̫һҪԨڸѹŴ򣬶ܳǰֿƽɫľ档
ȥЩɢ֮⣬һЩҲЩǲ졣
Ҳ˵ǸֳŹһִһµңǸ֪ð飬еĽҲޱȣǽЩϤǸϹޣ֮ǰҲǴû˵ں̫һڵϢҲûС
ЦɻԾѾ˳Ԩڵĵ̣Ǳڹܶꡣ
ǲٺǺȥˣӿٶȣڶϾҪˡһЩżĿ˵
½ǶûаôȥֻԽԽ
ԽʱĴȥϿԵҲԽԽ٣Щ޷ȡġǾһѾʼ©ԽǶǵĿӾԽɢҲ죬Ψһİ취ǽ࣬±ŷɻɽ硣
ǰ㡣
Ҳ֪ĽԣǿɲЩʿġ
ܣԨڵЩɢôܹЩ뿪ǵľǰȥɧʦүǺĶ֣˹ͼ¡
ȻֽҪͷЩǻչʾ˳ɫʡ
ǸУеֱƴˣҲҪֱȦһͬϵΪ׵Աߡ
˵ʱЩСδأ
ҪԸֻз࣬˸Ƿ
ô˵ҲŷѾõˣʱڱǲסҲǰ취롣ȻӵĿ˵ҪԸǣֻгɱǲС
ЩĲɣѾȫɵݱ»Сϡ
ʮֲġ
ݱ½㶷ĺÿû뵽ʢȻϵôĬ
ǸŮӣһһСɡ
ʶСһûôŮӸ޷󣬳ŮӾСġ
һﻹûƭˣС֮ĺܺÿ
һͲܹģڷ˻мǿĹԣǵձ֪Ǹ꾫ĳࡣ
Ȼ˼Ǹ֩뾫
ǱǸһˡ
ȻӵĻ֮Ҽ򵥵ķ䣬Сһ϶ܹǶܵġȥСһֻѰ·Ǹ֪Сһڵжǿ
ƻһġ
СƺƶǷġ˼Ǻױܵġ
ѾѧôһĶˡתͷźȻЦοͲɱҡ
ɱʲôģĺܡ
˿̵ĺȻӣֳϼǰӼװԼŬ͡
ôԴģɺȻջǱĵӡ
ȻˣҪأ
ǰźȻһƭƭ˰ˡ
ȻӲ֪˵ʲôΪԼαװĺܺãԭҿôԡ
ȷټȥˡ
ΨһͷϣЩԶҪٻصɽ磬ҲҪڲ顣ֻҪ磬ôȻͻĵ½ڣѾʧȥ˷ǡѾûǰ;ʧڳԨڵĵҲûʲôá
ˣҺͳԨڵ˵ʱֻܷ¡
̫һҲһ뷨
ǰǱƭΪԼŻǰ;ϣЩǰҪǵϣôܹǲ
Ǹ߸ϵˣҲܹǵ뷨
ǰȷ˫Ȼ̲סһ̾
˿̣ڶ
׽µ˲䣬ǼҲʼжˡ
µͬʱͼ뼸֮ͬʱһ
˷Ϊףܹ֮йڴʱ׹ڣܻ֮ǰ÷ٵĵڶǿ
ֻôһԷĸҲܴҪǼһͬʹſɡ
ڶ࣬ǷҲҪſĵס
һδεۻʲôֽǣҲ֮£
࿴Ƿûж
鵭Ȼ·ֻڿżС
˸߰ĮȻЩܡ
ƾʲôô
ƾɱ¾ĴߣͬĶ֣νĽô
ЩˣҲͬţŵĽǴ֮ͬĴڡ
ֻǷ֮ǵĽ糾ɳȴɿԱĽ
ЩͷԵˣһʼֻΪֺͷԣģѾΪԼںͷˡ
ˣÿһ˵جΡ
׵͵ڶ׽һͬ˷ϡ
һʱ֮䣬ռ䶼ſֲ׵֮ǸԶʿҲĸܵһ׽ٵĿֲ
ˮ֮ЩʿǼŵҪӰ
ֻܿˮȫ׵Ӱӡ
Ǹ񣬾ȻҪôֲ׽֮£ҪͬʱӦôĵô
ǣǵһ׽ٶҪŲȥ
ԨھȻ˶ɢɣôĵӣɶǾȻֻƳһӣصĺá彣ڵĳϼֱţһֱΪǺͳԨǲġ彣һҲλɢɣԨȴа˸
ⲻ԰ԨÿһηĽѾŶˣΪʲôɢɵҲҪǶôࣿЩǵԱŵҪǿһء
彣ڵЩǵѵҲҪӱˡ
ҪųԨڿǡ
ǵĽҲˡһ˱ݱ¾ĺˣ̲ס˵ףȴһ˱ˣûнĽޣΪǡ
ݱȫԷֻܻǺʢһͬµ˿ڡ
ںܶལ˵нŻе
Ƕڷ˵޽н
Ĵڱһضһѵ񽣡
֮κ񽣣
ĪǳˣЩһʹŻ׵һֱûиоĶһʱЩš
Էȫûеֿ
ǳĻ䣬Թô
ǿ
δ䣬ǱǿסĵطͻȻһ˫
˫־Ȼǿ˺ףӲ޴֮˺һȱڡ
ָָ⣬ƺܿü˿˿ƵĽ⡣

ڷ˵ǰÿֲĽֻǵΪˣʵҲշ磬ѹһᱻ˷ֵ״̬
ͺڡ
ڶǾֵĿ֮УĴ֮˳


138 
ЩǼòŵ۹⿴ź˵ķġ
ôأ
ôһҲûأʹɽ֮ҲŵϺŵģǵǹͬʹ֮󣬾ǱΪǿģҲδܹһҲв̾Ǻ֮£˵ҲЩͷۡ
˵ٵ
㲻÷ˣҲְ˶ûеģ
ֻЩôϴƽЦݣƺֻѯһصС¡
ȻԽ㵭ȻĿǣЩǸӵľ
ܶԸĻô·ǰô׼򣬾Ϊʲôأ
࣬ǿǻᱻڵô
ֻЩˣЩʧ赭дĻشǧǰԸҵһˣھҪǿöࡣǸʱԸƴԼҲҪҵġ
ǸʱŻᱻƵ·
ǰЩǲһ
ǾԼδϣڶֵʱ򻹻һߣǻصɽ֮ͷʼֻҪԸ࣬ûбűľģǲܻɹġ

ǵ֮ЩħĪǾͲô
Ѿ̫࣬Ҳʶ̫ࡣ
ÿһ˶ԺһڼǧԼͽ໹ԱǣҲÿһڻƽ֮ٵҫ֮ɻܵ͵
ûиҲܴЩǼȵӰ֮вµһС
ܶ˶˵ţÿֻĸʱĽڶ̶̰֮ʹﵽ˻Ϊӵ˹һ֪ԼҲҵԼľѾ֮󣬲֮һ·гͨ裬ûа谭ѡ
Сһǲһġ
ΪɣΪġ
ֲ飬ڸ涼˼£ȴǻᱻһ־츳׾ٵĴ򵹡
ȻǺǿǲǿͲܷ
֮ǰǸ׶ĹκһﶼܻΨСһǸ⡣
ĴڣԼΪ˸磬ŵôһ
ǰʱ֪Щܵ谮ģֻ֮еÿҪˢϰٵЩֻҪһܾһʮÿϿδϷ˯ܹȫУһ
ͨ˵ŬԽĴЩţͬΪͨ˵Ĵˡ
ܹԽģͲˡ
ǳԨһ㳲ľֻһΪŽŵǵŽˡ
ֻû̫壬Ҳĸ˾ʲôôҲİﵽСһʲôһУ޷ǾҪСһûСһǳԨڵĵӼҲܽŴãܹȵﴳԼһƬ졣
ֻʽںСһѡ
˿̣දˡ
΢΢ƣͺһεĽһ
ûκۣҲûκε塣
סģԼĽ
ΪɱҡղţѾȶ֣һҲȻĿЩ˵һλ͡
ߣƺѾˮԹ۵ʿǶˡ
ˮʿǽǣʶľס˺
ʶһһӣ߽ʮӶֻܿһεľ
˵֮нʵֻһΣڱķΧ֮ڣЩ˹ۿһΡ
ǵԤѾ١
ˣԹϵԼ֮Ĵ¶ٶЩӦ˿̣ޱĸо޷һҲûа취ȶˡ
ǲӣǸоԼôӣƺڷĹΧ֮ڡ
ӵϣҲ޷ӵõ
ЩǸӵĿ֮УǰεĽһ
ˮ˲ͳһһ޴Ľۡ
㡢
СʶĽ˿·ֱ˸
С㣬ôڷҪѯʣȻҲܳʵĸоһɾ޴ղڵĵط
ǡ㡢ڡСһһٵ˵
µͷԼ֣ԼѾļղסС塣
ԭСں£µԭ
Ȼ޷оǱߵսжôңȴʶһ˷Ӧ
ǾǳԽ˵ܹСĻΣõ鷳ô
СľãæģΪʲôãǲæ˼ѾǰЩʿȫѾɱˡ
СĬ
ֻ֪һЩȶδˣûоδܹ϶ԼԤδᱻıأ
츳һλøǿ
ĽѾɱ¾ɷ౾ȴܹΣ˱Ĵ
ߺ϶Ϊһ֮£ʵֻò˼ݡ
һУΪҺ͹һԵΪϵκһѽѾ޷ٴκε
ʦѾҪκһѽˡʢݱµ˵ɽ磬ʦֵҲûм
ǰݱ¸˵һѾļٺսĶɣѾǧǰȫһˡ
ֻǸʱǰ赲˻ɶѾˣЩѾ˵һնɱʱѪ
ôɣ޷Ǿˡ
ˮԱߵʿֻüĶǿˮľ
ûпҲûпʲôʹá
Ȼ˿̵գȴܵĳ־޴Ĺһ㣬ڷνĵطҲһӡ
ϼ⴩Խص£һصĽ⡣
ΨЩɵ壬ıĳεп壬ǵͬ궼ķ顣
ʦֲûǰԨڡҹ;صǣʦðɡ
ֻǿ˿ˮȻЦ
ҹΪԼʦòܴ̼̫Щʧķˡ
һǽһǽʥ
ҹԼģҲûа취˵Լʦܹͷȼƨ
ڿһ֮
һΪ޵ָ·ƣҲΪ޵جΡ
ΪһǶ޷󼰡
Ϊʦܺã൱ĺáо˸ֻ֪ԼӦóʲôķˡ
ΪԼڽ֮·Ѿ˵ǰ棬֪죬ȻѾʶǧΪĽôܲڿҿҼϰ
Ѿ궼ûҵĿˡ
һѾ˵ĴҲʺȴԾʿʵʵĻ롣
ĽӦǸʲôӣ
ΪޡѾõע⡣
֮󣬽֮ᴫĸӹͬǧһ
ͬģҲЩ־ڽȴҲĽ޴ָ˷
Ҫʵǽ۷壬ôҲҪ̶ֳȲС


139 
ˣϵЩʿѾʧȥ˶־
ֻһĲ࣬һƴһƴӣû˿֮ء
Щ˶ǷĶ֣˼ûô־Ѿȫ𣬶ЩͨʿЩʲô
ΨһܹģžΪһԹߣͺͳԨڵʿһĿŷˡ
ûЩǵĵңķ͵ࡣ
һһ£ء
˶ɽٵĺڣڵĵطѾûһʿվҲѾεȻ뿪
֮䵽ǽ׵ϢʿԵֿоѣȲֻԶ롣ͬģЩˮҲѾ޷ʾκεĻ档
ҵĹ֮£ûκεķܹЧ
ҺͳԨڵһߵĽһվһġ
ʦһ㶼ĵӡ
Ȼˣ˵ֻ߸ѡʦүжôǿǲۼ֤ôȫȥǷûпܻɽʧܣʧ˵ĻôϴŲзɹˡ
СһֱʦүߣѵûʲôħôԨڵһλɢɴյҵѯʵ
תͷȥλɢѯʵʱϵޱȵ棬ҿƺѾЩִŵļˡ
񡭡
̫Ϥˡ
ǰսְʱ򣬾һЩڷֲԼôòkpi˵һʱ򣬾顣
Ҳǲ⡣
ѾɢɼĽޣֲԼôŬܴﵽͷһĳ̶ȣܲҲġ
Ȼħģֻҵħ̫ι̣ÿÿҹλصʱҲֻǸʱģʦүʲôģʱ㲻ҵħʮֳϿҵĻش
ȲϷʲô֣ҲԼһˣϾ鶼ȵѹСһһͷ
ǵʹѾԶԶ˸߿ʹࡣԴԺμҲǿд֣쵼ڹȺ﷢ϢԼȴǻظһյ
ֱɣħȻǵѹȵȫûҵ״ɴ˿ɼڹ֮ܵ˺ж
Щ񿴼ı£̲סԼȽϣְȽϵĸĲȡ
ҸͨȽ϶ԱȳģͬʹҲǡ
ܹΪɢɣѾ㹻ųɾŵˡ»ɢ֮Կɶ·磬ҪΪħҲµͬʿж޷ԽģԼĵӡҲɴЦ⣬ֻܸ˵Ҳħ
Ѿ֪ôȥԼħˡ
ɢҵĻϸһƶǶ顣⼸̶̻ʵõԼϣƺֻǲôһ㡣
ֻʱܸ׻ʲô
ɢɴͷĳԨڵʿҲ׷׶Լ⡣
û취ʦүϾҪˣڸ޷ΨһܹߵѯʵĶֻҡ
ʦүƽôģ
ʦã˵ÿֻĸʱĽʲôؾ𣿡
ʦֶϸĵƺҽ֪޵ʲôĵأ
ʦү֮ҪڳԨڵʲôְλ

ʲôֵͽˡ
һǹԹԵĻشǡ
ǵĺģǲŲԼ
ԷֽżҪе֪żϢҲǿ
ҵߣ֪Ļ˸ˡ
ڶɽ֮࣬Ҳֳ˿ȻĿǰҲֻ΢Ц
ʮֵӦֵģẦ±ԼΪߵˣҲȥЩͻ͵ˣÿ˶ƽȵģǿԹͨġ
ûкͱʿһĴѣҲܹͬԼѡ
Ǻ¡
ȵ֮ڳԨҲܹúܺáţһԺҲٶԳԨڳ֡
δض̹
ֻôһҲ֪ܹܲڰڷΪһⲿġڲѹͨͨûˡ
뵽಻ɵİ̾
ʵڲ֮ʹɽɣҲûʲôҪ
˵ٶȻҪҷٶȸء
뵽̧ͷ˿졣
ܸоԼѾһ롣
һӦþͿԷˡ
ұΧˮйͨʱݱºʢ齫Ⱥ֮оȳ
һʱûʢнϴ
ϴûһ֨ҲֻܿŶԷҴǰߡ
Һ˿
Ŀˮ콲ˡ
Щʵ̫ˣܸоԼں죬һʮΪʲôĽͼ
Һݱ¾
û뵽һټˡݱƵĳЦЦ
ţݱµĿƺЩԣæ׷ʵΪʲôͻȻô˵ѲûһμĻ𣿡
ȵԺҲҪˡݱԼ󣬷ҿ
ݱµѾ˵⣬Ǽǰס
ҲҪ𣿡Щ˸С
ݱ¼Ĵ࣬ҲֻǵڶζѡǶԷƽȴһֱϣͺԼѾݱʶ˺ܾһ
ǰһȵСһԺԼȥݱºúõһ档ǸܹһʦһӵĻþͺ˼ֻһεĻþԼûܹȥʱڻ֮пԸԼһԲĽ֡
û뵽ݱҲҪŷôһļƻҪˡ
㲻Ѹٷôݱɫ˽ƺ˵ڻþŮ˻Ե֧Ŀ־壬þ˲òԳǰȥ飬ȻҿǸþ֮й¶ˡŶҲԣĻþΪ˿ʿģҲѭԼĵԵƻǻƾģֻٶȻࡣ
ȻˡȻ˵ҪȥҲҪԼĲҪǴԼ࣬ʱ˵Ĵҵġ
ݱЩĿ㶼Ѿǻʿȹֻ̣ŬжѣҴû˵ΪŬжĴҵġ
ǰûУҿʼ֮ͻˡĻش
ݱ±µûκλ˵ֻܿЦ㻹һ㶼ûб䡣
飬ǹ鹤һ㻹ҪֿġżһʱûйϵһʱңǾˡ
Լݹ˾ɵıȱ˶࣬Ǯõñȱ٣Ҫ˵Ϊݰæйġ
Ǻǡ
ˣѾҵԸ֮ҲѾ޷ﵽʲôæݱ룬ֲ⿪ҵЦһ㿴Ž񣬲ñлӽġ
Һܷġ˵ҪŮɿСһ϶úġţƵӱСһϼ죬Ҳ϶ûκˡ
ݱЩĿңʲô˼룿
ͦػͷֻӦѡСһһ꣬ǱŮӲֹǿȣˡ
ݱ»Ǵʢ뿪ˡ
ҲҪҸط׼ˡ
ȵ뿪ԺºСڰĸϹ
СλĻǲΧС˺üȦһ֡С׬ˡش¡
Сڶÿ
˶Ķ
С֮ģСһǸǧ͡
һǧѩһϼҶ
ĸͬ
ֻСһ˸оַСȫǵߵŮơ
˵СĳǺܷϻϲġ
˵ֻСõġΪǱ֮ǰ˲˵ģ㼰ʱ̷˵ҩʼջаˣҪúָܻ
СŬСѵķ
СҲҪúѧϰ˵Це˵˵ʱ򣬾ֻ鷳úñˡţһ˵ģԲԣ
СᶨĵͷʾԼᡣ
Եֱ׳ҲǸţˡ
ұĵĿСγɹȥ
ȻؼҵֳҪһʯٺСһȥߡ²СҲڳԼʵǺ˼£һҺСǰæżҲҵӢˡֻȽ˷ҼҺ߾ͻǰͳԨڵؽˡռȻŶֻҿмӣ϶Ҫʲô͸ʲôҵȻҲܸʡǮ
СϾ壬Σ϶һЩ⣬ֻǱߵļ¼Ƚƣ֪ôӦЩ¡
ߣСҲһ⡣
ֱɱһɢɣ˶֪ضͨޡǰȥ壬ٻܶһ㣬ȵʵøǿˣŶͳԨڽˣǺҲû˸ҹ
壿ҲԼԸȵСһ֮Լǰȥ嵹ҲкܶȤʵĶԼԺúȥһ䡣
ҲҪһȥôЩȵĿֻС磬ǸҾͲһˡ
ǰΪԱû¶ҪһŮѾҪӹǽˣ
ұӵĿģûгԹİãҲһģʱҺСܸҵ򵼣úõȥһûпĶ
ŷġ
ߺ˵껰ҲȷԼԺҪɵ֮ҵͰˡ
СһԼƱؾҪճһ
ҲΪµǿԼȥıˡ
ǰûСһ飬ҲôģҲҪѧڲΥԼĵȥԼ
ϵ׽ٽѾʼͣˡ
ɽٶɵĺܿ졣
Ϊ˺棬׼һ̲ͣûиκϢĻᣬȫҪɱķġ
ֻҪɱ໹̫ѡ
һ£Ҳֻϴˣܿڽ֮»ָˡ
ҲѾʧˣ֪ûа취ֹ֮ɴֱӽɽ磬Ը
ɽһֱעŷǼ˲
Ѿ֣ҲѾڷǰ
֮ǰЩ˳ˣǾͿնݣ˷࣬һҲ޷½ҷҲӲЩͣķˡ
ǣûһ˸ҳ֡
֮ǰһεĽնɱЩɣҲѾնɱЩǵ԰͵⡣
ûκαܹӵסһ
ǳ֣ҲЩû꣬ʲôҲûµĶһط
˭أ
ҪԸ࣬ҲѳɣָѰˡˣͻȥչ꣬Ҳۡ˳׻ʧԸҲ顣
ͬģҲΪС
ɴͻȥչذɡ
Ҳ˷һʱ䣬ȵɱֳʤپԼҪͶһߡ
ǲܺͷΪеģǺʲô
շնɱ׺ѡȻһʱ̰ҪֺҲﲻҽ֣Ϊ¡͵ҶԲˣɱҲֻԶԶˡ

һһҪȴ
Ǻͷֲʲôˣˣڵǿ֮£ҲӲ
ȥǶŰɡ
һ֮Ǿɢȥ
һ룬ͬŽĽˢˢĳݵķ߹
ҼˣͻᷢЩɵӰѾǳԨڵĹ㳡֮ϡ
ǳԨڷĽǣӭǵʦүˣ
ʱ֮£һҪʱ̣Ϊǰһһ֡
򵽵⣬ڿһһ֡
ԨڵĵǼ״æԼеһֽŬʦүϿ
еĽԴڷ࣬Ϊǲлῴʦү򽣷ĻǲץסĻᣬҲûбĻˡ
һʱ֮䣬ȫǴĵĽޣεΪۡ
Ұ㶼ûܵӰ죬ֱŷ˹ȥ
СһԸʾѾʾһ꣬ϰˡ
΢Ц֣ʾվ
Ҫˡ˵ԭΪͣһû뵽ʱôֻˡ
ֻţ˵ǻͨѶءæ˵ܣȥҸһ£Ϣ͵ʱһ㡣
ҵĵĲ೤̾һЩǵĿңֻϣ֮ʱһ˷ľС
ĥһ·໰˼ܾЩԾѵϼҴڵһ
ǿɲһ磬ʲô޵С磬޶꣬ħѱСħⶼǰҪȥǵġ
ǹǣҲǿЩ飬ұ֤ҪģҾԶǷ곡ϷҪ浣ģھͽҲԡ
ĿһۣûдӦ
Ҫھͽ֤ҷʱҪӳֹ
һҪһѹģȻӵĵϣ޿ˣŻ̵ķ
쳾Ȥһܻܵˣ˳Եֿ쳾ջġ
ֻҪǵãɽˡ
ҿ϶ҲɵȥͺʲôԿҵº֣ʵڲȵңҰ㡣ʵҲͦĵģ·ɱһ𣬾ֱˡ
ᡣҡҡͷǸҵģҲϧ
Ǿͺá֪ԳС
ʱˣҸˡϵĽѾȫ
˺
΢Ц֡
ҡ


140 
Լ쵼ڣڳ˾ﶼûһʸԼʱһʲôĸо
ǰûлᵽⱲлˡ
һ֣ˬ
֣ˬ
֣ǳˬ
ˬըûС
΢ЦžܾεȻġϽΡҪֱӾܾ˸߰ĽηѣϾȱľǮˣǻбҪ﹤ô
ȻܴǣԼһһⶼûеġ
ԨҪ伸ӣϾǧĹһȻԨ˸ǣҲ˵ͻ˲۾ңмԱ߷̣Ҳܰҽܶ⡣ȻҾЩʻеĻҲԽΪͽܣúõĽ̵һЩ
˳һᣬӺһѾһˣѾˣԨѾһӣЩĵͳһΪµһ׼ʼһľ²ˣԣһĵˡ
ЩһģΪĵǣѾ˳ϣĳɽķҪ̵ЩӣЩµĵΪԨڷⷢˡ
ΪԨԽĴյһӵҲǰߣǳԨѡ˲ֵõѡ
εȻû˶о⣬ԽĽ
Ϊ֪һڵôӶܽǽ̵ɲŵĻǰЩʿԳԨڵжڵʧж󣬵һյӵʱͻǶʽµˡ
ʶεȻòúõѡһƱҪԨǶ縺ÿ˶ҪּӺúý̵ǡ
ΪһӲ⡣
ǲ̵ӣԺкܶĽ޷
ԣҪȥȥݼٿԣһҪϡ
ҴӦˡ
⼸Сһﻹͽأ˾ʵϰʵϰһãǸɻڿҾʮ㣬ûоܹĶʱһ㲻ʵʵĻ롣
ָҵ⼸ʵϰһ֮гйֲŵļ
˾Ͳøҽ̵ˣκһ϶̵ܽõģֻЩȷ츳ԸģҺúǡ
ңĸȴţǱֵʵڲͣҲǸͶɡûʽţͲҳԨڵĵӡ̵ܹǳɲţ֮˳ͨſ˵Ļǽʮͽͣһݡ
룬ȻԼĲȱǮҪĸţȴܵʵϰΪ񣬻׬ǮֺҪǾܾˣҪġ
˴򹤻꣬˵Ľܾĺ¡
УҴӦˣĸҪǲҿĻ˵ģҪǰ˵áȸεȻԤ롣
Ҳʮʮˣ򻵾У֮ˣһŵҩκǡεȻʮˬĻش
ǣҾʹôĸСβͣĵĳȥȼˡ
Ϊ˷Ҿ͸ǵʱȺֱӽаСССˡ
Сһƺרڷģбˡ
һվȻˡ
Сרܹ򵼣ĸԱ߷̣ʮ˼
ˣǰ˵Ҫҵĸʬǣ֪ԼʲôˡҲѯʵ㸸ĸȡʲôأ
ͽз尡ЦҺ͵ܵѾĸʬˡĸ֮ǰ˵˺ܾҲ֪ʲôܹǣҪʲôͿԽʲôţҺ͵ܸܵԼȡһõġ
Һͽ㶼ãͺܺҲ˵ĸȻǣǾõְɡϰˣõġ
룬ȻûԵֺܵĸĸ棬ǽܵӣ֪ǸĸһԺܺõˡ
ˣң֮ǰ˵ҪȥߺÿĵطҸطȥ򡣡Ŭҽ꣬Ҫ޶ģȽϺÿľè塢廹ˡ
è֪ʲôȤӶӦҲë׵ģҺܴ󻹺ܺɡ
Ҳ֪⼸ЩϹѪĺƣΨһƾͨ壬ڷûƣֵܽáһżܹ츳׿ģܱȫˡҲвˣЩ츳ֲԱӻȫ壬ֻǿΪΣҲû̫ԴǣǾֻԼ׬Ǯˡ
ȻгԹǱϾڴǰǳûɶսǳԹ֮ҲвٺʿϲŮأʱǵҲһ¡
ҿǸ˰һŵ˵Щˡ
ֻһСССĵ˷׷׳Ͷ𾪵
׳ϻ˵Ǹˣ
һ·϶˵ٴҪŮԼ紷ȣԹĸǸľͷһҲơ
˵Լ˵ʱҲϵЦһհɡ
ǸȻҲһ㲻̫õΪˡԭ;ǱȽϿɰޣʱ˻ԭͣȥһЩҵСССʲôģԽСԽãǻϲɰСôһгкȣżܻȡһЩʯԼС
Ͼèð갡֮ԭͣǺܿɰġ
ܶСĹС㶼ϲȵǲϲˣҪ취߶ԱֻһȥֻҪľˣҲԼΪ
ȻҲһЩԼúÿʱҲһɫⲻе⣬Ҳˣûа취ֹġ
Ҹѡ˼ȽϲطԱȻԭͰҪ̬ĻüǮǲԸ⣬㲻ΪȰ˵ǰиʿɫĴȻ·ûѾͱĴֱӰ͵ʨǱȥˡ
ʨǣʮֺ档
ʨһŮɣ˫֮Ҳо顣ʿʨһ֮ͳˡ޹Ŀ˵壬ʲô嶼С˵ǰҲиʮϲɫĴܣСϲһˣǸΪû˰ְֻֻţǸֱ֮ǰûа취ء
лл˵ôϸѾлˡ
ͷϲڵĺǸ˿϶ǹġ
ҲĲ۸ȻҲܹͥҲռżԼӡ
Ѿ˵еϵҲҵƷȾʹء
ҵĸӱǺȥǿҪȥ棬Ͼ˺ͻϲڵЩ˻ǲͬ顣ҪǲܶԺôܱ֤Լɫﲻҡأ
ҲǶĵһ֡
˵ޱ棬ĸ˼һˡ
Ͼ׳Ҳǳǿ˵ʦүҲǾ˫ˣҶ˵׳ϵȹ̺ʦүֲϵ
ͶˣС壬Ȼҽа˸ͺʮƯҪ޶̬ġͳʮƷʯҪһЩزҪԳԿиݾ͸ˡ
˹ˣⶼǼˡѵüô󷽣ʶҲӦˬ졣
ֻǳѣѣǮҲϲСʲôģǸˡ
̵ľȥˡ
е㲻̫ԣֲ˼ֱӺͽʵӣҲЩнûʲô𰡡ǰǺܱЩɫм˵ģû뵽ڽҲˡ
ΪҸ̫˰ɡ
ߴҲû뵽ôִ󷽵ˣҾ˵ƢãΪѵһˡ
ܿ죬زˡ
ȥܲײˮ߲֮⣬һЩвֵĹӣԼһЩù⿾ʳ
ǵģҲǳء
ɵվʲôΪԼôϽ°˼˵СҪⲻ𡣡Һ˼䡣
ֻľͷ׮һ
ܿ죬ʮ˾ˡ
ŮҶǴİ·
ǵ۾촽ǺɫģͷеǰɫеǻɫеǴĺɫǵĶɫͬһǣǵ۾ܴ촽С£ʹЩ˿Ƚƫ̬ɰ
Ȼ֪Щ廯Σ˵ҲǰˣֻǿòĻΪҲʮ߰ꡣ
Һòʮ꣬ȻзС
ҲϣһߺŹƣһ߿ظ衣
˵ıһ顣
ʱ򣬶Ҳһһģֱɰˡ
ҾԼָ
ȵһϣѾȲȥݺݵ˼ҵĶ䡣
໣ָĺܰ
ֳë׵ģһᶯȥģߣèߣȫͬһִС
Щ˻Ǻ۾㣬߽˵𡭡䣬
Ҽ
ֻԼĶݺݵĲ˲
̫̫ɰˣ
Ұ˹ȥָͨѡӶ䡣
˵СҪ˼ҵĶ͵òϿŵģ˿˼ҶĳԵʮֵĲĿ
۾࿴
֮ǰǶԼܹ͹һѧϰΪ˷ܵĶ˯žܹѧһһаʽԺ̽ģﶼ¡˭뵽ڽӴұ֮ȴԭôһ޴־ÿųԺֵļһ
֮ǰ˵ÿĸʱһ·˵ĸʱյʱû
ÿѯΪβʱҵĿܳ壬ҺúõݼΪʲôҪԺǰ֣ܻҵ顣
ʲôЦż˻ҪǷżô
Ϣʱ͹йص
ݼ٣ҪȻĻǮܼжȥ
Ըʮǿƣ⼸ΪֲߣбһƱȨôҵΪҲֻţ˵
ⲻζţǾֲܽܵ˼ȡʽˡ
ҹ˼Ӷ񫣬˼һ𳪸裬ȻЩ˿ʯķϻǿҿʮһ˾͹˿OK񫡣
оֻصǰ°֮Լء
ǵġ
ִ˵ܵһСᣬһѳһҹktvѾһĩĺˡ
ĩĻ
ҹƺȶ˻Щ⣬ǰ˽̧ȥġ
Ǵ˵еĹһС̲סʦֵѯʵôһ·ʹ˵еӵûκ
ǵҲڣӵܿɲֹ˼Ķ䡣СԼʶһ㣬ǰЩҵĶǣĽݣ˯ʮ˸㴲ֱͱû𡣡
Ϊʦүɣ˶֪һʦүϵͬѰҪǹһʦүĻʦүĽǿԴɽɱ˵ġ
ܴô
˵᲻Ϊʦү˹һ̫˲ôԼ
⻰һ˵˶ˡ
˵һʦүȽᣬһ
һ˵׳Ϸ츳׿ȷŲΪ˰ʦү˶ϣӲװ˺ܶġ֮ܡһ˿СҲ˵Լİԡ
׳ֻǻڣҪȥʦү˵ҲҪǧʱ䡣˳ʱķ룬϶鲻ãҪԼ
̫ˣҲӦҪ׳Ϻһ㡣
ĸγ˹֪ͬҲڶҵİ֮Ѹٵ˱˴֮ľ롣
Ųʲôʱ֮ͬҪദѺãǴ˾ĻԼ˾İԿʼİɡ
˯˵ڶ
оҲδ̫ˬˡ
ҿѾ͵ʱ򣬸жĿҪᡣ
һ˰һˣǰҪ˯ʱСһۣ˵ʲôܹõ¾˯ȱֺãܵõ˯һʱĽ͡
һ˯˯Ȼѵжûмˣ
ԭҶСһһĵģһ뵽ʱԼܹʲôʲôѾǰʵ˲ƸɣԲùʱһľƮˡ
϶ҪģȻûа취ȥСһ
ʲôʱ˵㡣
һֱڼ³ԺֵĻҲôһӺͿҪȥһ»ζʲô
ڣڵԼӲѵʱ
ٺ١
ʰԼţ׼ȥСһ½Ҫȥ档Ӧûкܶ˼ĵطСûдԼȥСҲҪôֱʱɫһĴһĵشǿųʶ
ѾͲСĳˣʱҲҪһ㲻ôĶ̼һ¡
˿ŵ壬϶ܹзζĶڵġ
ֻǸ׼ţҾͿĸʵϰ۹ͺһЩͬ
ϣȳԵ㶫ٳȥɡ
Ҫ֣ҲҪƣÿָӳãԲԣ
ϣΪϲϲ
ϣƺȵеˣ϶ЩǼҲ㰴ĦҪҪԣ
ҿĸͻȻʵϰһʱЩп
򹤲ס
һɱ̶ʱھԭâ¶ʵϰҲԲˡ
ĸԨڸĽʵϰǣҲʼѧҪ˾ˡ


141 
ĸʵϰҼһֵ˾
ǵᾭʮǳ־Ŀ֮ŬĸҵĲϰŽڣ޲ڸܵǵܻ֮̾ת⣬ϴĸ棬³ΪеĹһ
Ȼһʧˡ
ʲôʲôַҪãЩһһէģΪɲãΪͿתô
ĸʵϰЩæ͵ǵģ׳ϣǵһС⡣
ǵǵģⶫôֵǮûб˼
ֻǾʵ̫ˣԲҪ㶫⡣
Ҫⶫã˵һǻġ
ţ
ҿ˵һ仰ʵϰС
еͽܣʹһЩ뷨
ֱ֮εȻҲе
ĸʵϰ֮УСҲеġ
εȻָҵĸʵϰ˼ô˵أʵ̫ʺϵޡνĽޣҪǽͻˮľʺͳġ
ĸʵϰɣ̫մߡ
ҳǽңνķҡټţžǱȽԵģ˷ʦսʽֻҪһޡڳԨڵſԵУֱԳɼ֣ʵսɼǵǿƽǿŵġ
Ԩڿ˰츳żҲҪһЩϧھͨһĽ޺١ĺãһĿȱˡ
СǸɢޣҲǽͰͳ෴ʵսţƣӲ̫У־ǰųָ壬ܿһѽֱçȥġҪû󣬵ҲǸĽޣ˵һһһҪ;£׾Ǹڻˡ
СǻҳֻϧǸҳϵ˽ӣֻʵۺȻ͵ͣ˶ĴڻĪǻʵҲԼôһԼ˽пĺӡˣСʱͱ̸ĳλӵ֧үΪСĳֽǶ˵ѾǻҵӣʶϷ˸ѡڷĹʦбµ֮С͹ϳˡ
ҲĲλʦĳɵŵӣΪв˳Żص˼䣬Сʴӱ֮뷽跨ָСȥ磬ԭҪСԼŵġСĴֻҪȥõţշת˳ԨڡСΪԵʣȻ츳ڣҲ˽ϵһֱûʲô
СľȫǸŬ͵ˣƽƽҲƽƽôǸõĽӣ֮ģ볤Ԩڵʱ䷴ÿ궼Ҫ볤Ԩڣʧܸգһβ˹ʺ˸һš
ȻˣСȫڱ͵ˡ
ؼԭǣСı·־ˡ
˶֪·ǳԨڵļ֮ǿȫڵһʦѹΪԵѾ걻ѡΪͽܵĳϡҶλʦֵĺҲЩ˽ġ
СֻҪֵĻȥתԺ󼸺ᱻ·¡ԣСǱ·Ĺϵ·Ҫҵúõһ
ͬ񱻾ܾСͱȽͨһ㡣
͵ЩֵʲôΪһѵ㶫ô΢΢°ͣĿǣҪҪ֪ϲʲôͶòŽô
ְϻ죬ûʲô򵥡
ʮƣְݡ
ڻֻһͨˣȻʲôںءǸ߼ˣǳԨڵĹһͳϣôЩҲøɡʵϰ£͵úúŬ
һõ˾쵼ֱӹϵְҸָ
ҵǱȽϵùͣ빫˾֮һ쵼Լ֪˶Ŭת֮־Ҫ磬ҲŬòſϳԨڣΪԨһŵӡ
ΪʲôʦΪʲôԼΪΪҪһܿƵ쵼ô
һ쵼УһŬữΪУԸʦ
ȰʦҲǳµںĲ˸ǵѹʵ֤ԼʦʮֵĿףѹֱ쵼͡
ĵλ仯ҪΪôĸʵϰ쵼ԵĻϣһ쵼ġ
ǰĸʵϰҪȽ϶²ǡ
ֲ裬ûĵһı䡣
˼ǣҲһʶҲǲ񣬶͵ƺ⡣
Ҵôãǻ֪ϲʲôôҷָָԼΪұֵѾԲŶԡϲʳ˰⻹ôٿǣ͵ĶǸʲô
ǾΪĳԲһųƷľķ飬Ҫ԰
ĸʵϰû˵ʲôǵѾֵĺˡ
ҺݺݵǵͷҪҲףֻҪסĵͺˡһҪȥ棬ԸԺֵĻͺһ𣬲ԸĻͳȥ磻ڶ˵ˣҪǶǲ֣ܶȻԱʵʵŲҪϺȣнʲô⣬ҪһʣԼڲ۽ÿһ޷ĵѯңһģģҲҪһ㣬ȥ֮󣬲׳ϣҪҡʦ㡯˳㽫ԨڵЩҪ͵͵ô
ĸʵϰֱǳԨڵӡдϣȤ
˶֪˭ĻʲôȤĶ
ĸʵϰɫᣬƺе㲻̫⡣
׳Що֮ǰȫһ
׳ϣѧϰģҪǵӣҲýһЩԨڵĽҾǽҲͰˣʱ䣬ҾˣֱӷǻسԨڣҲ¸ѧϰ
΢΢ۣڽ£
ֻ˵Լ뷨ѡش
ǶôõģҼʵ
׳ϣʽδͬСί˵ҲҪѧĽ
ʦ㣬˵̫½⡣СǼסҵĽ̻ģԹԵĺˡʦ㡱ֻʱ䲻ˣĵӸűĳѧϰһǧǼֻڣ˵˶ᵤԾͣڡ
ұͱȱޱҪŬСҲԼĿ
ЩӦþĵʵ뷨ˡ΢΢ͷɣǾԽ޵ķָ°ɡҽҵΪѹڣҲùһһҴһֻҪǳŹʱҾͰǵҪ̵ǣҪˣͰҵķ
˵ģ
ȻġҵͷҲЩҪɶһ½ǡ
úý̽ǣû͵ĵ
еʵϰҪѧɲһζǰǽ̵ҪԼŬĥѧϰĸʺһӵĽ̵žͲܽ͵Լˡ
ĸεĴͷء
ǡãԼǰĴͷ̫ͷǵ뷨ˡ

ð졣
Ƿͺˡ
ԼĳŵԼΪѹƵڣΪ˸Ƿŷˮһһľ浶ǹĴ
Ҫ潣е۸ˡ
ǰڷϾֹڵΪĺܡ
ĸͷΪʿ֮ҲƵǳͣû츳ҲܱεȻء
ϧǻ̫ˡ
ֻǼ򵥵һ׻ŽѾеĽûзӦʱѾýסǵĵﴦ
潣ڵĵﶼѾˡ
ĸʵϰЩ
ûԼҵĲȻô󣿶ҷЩӶûЩ裬ýȴΪ⣬һ׻ŽжԵޱȡԱǰŽȫСӹҼҡ
Ͳһȼ
Ӯˡɴ˸ڣ˵ģԺÿһٴεŽʹʽȻǸҪдһΪʲôı棬Ҫǧ𲽣ԼһˣӦθĽŶˣýϵʯӰʯǷۿԼĲ֮
Ŷˣ˵èһڱףҴȥո֡ĸÿ꽣֮󣬶ȥѧһաĻȥѧСȥѧƣСȥѧô·Сȥѧô޲ԼûĶ
ΪʲôҪѧСЩ⣬֪ô·
ȻΪҸˡҲĿǣȻ˵ǸѧϰѵҪѧѵô
ġ
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ʱ޷һĺ壬ɢ޳ССĬĬĶһۣѾ֪ǰ;֮
ĻɲС
Ҫȥĵڶվè壬èĵһˣ˵βè츳˵ѪļΪԺͺľβȼˡ
λҪʼѡµʱյŮŮˣһλ˿ԼǾʲôóˡ
ʢᣬôܴ
ӵ˻ϲڼǵֻѶ˵ҲᱻΪλβèһѡ£Ҳȥ
ıҼöˣĻûмҲ֪ǸʲôʽҺԥľʹӦ
ôһʳסеĻҲ͸ˡ
ҴĸʵϰһҾ¥ǰǮһ׼סţһиζȣ˹ܼҷ̡ĸʵϰش˴ʯסһ̣ͨľͱȽϿˡһԼ粻֮Ҿ¥ҵ˼ŲֱӶ
⣬ҪľҪ׬ʯҳû̻ǵҲǲȫȫеģ͸ˡʦүǰҲýһЩɱɱѼĻԼҲ⡣
ĸʵϰһʱ֪þʦүȻҲɹֻĺãǾҽֲʵ˵ĺã
׬Ǯûʲôö˵ģΪžǿõģΪ˳ǮУҲǿʲôȡԴǷҲҪϵռ̣Ҫ⣬ҲҪ̽ѰؾȻɽͶˡҷ˸˵ڿʼҺúô򹤡
ǡĸʵϰҲҶ˵ʲôҲ֪ûʯʹ֮
ʼǻΪֻǴѶ֮ͬδûֻŷƶһ⣬ﻹĵӣŬ׬ǮڵͬҲŬĽ׬ʯûһ򵥡
ӿɽ̡
ҴĸƨȥɻԼĵĺͻϲڵļǻϡ
׳ϣãкϷ
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ܹûϲڵĳô˵ģ²һĺϷ
ٺ٣Ų˺ֳѪϷһƯͳѹӸҿģЦе˵λèһβèī䣬ǰûоѪ֮ǰһֻͨСèݰͰ͵ģûʲô˲ġ֮ͨɹҵһҵСӣ˼ҼﵱèüһҵСһŻεСı̰ˣͻΪΡ
ŶŶŶҶʱ˾
˵¶Сèҹӵİˡ
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ǻѵʮŮӶˣ˵Ҫī䴦á
еˡҴϵļƤ񣬡ɵƣһֱӿġ
ٺ٣ؼһϲڵӼͬһֱû˵ؼæƿԼ˵ؼʮһаŮװһĺݵīĸ磬Ҳβè֪ī٣æɽεġϹѪèҪѪ϶Ҫ۱һΣ˼鰮ܳɹġ
üһèǿƣ


142 
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ٺ٣ĵҪ㹷Ѫ̼ȻֹѪòҪԼϡĵλԸ񣬹ѪҲϷ
ĺܴĿľǸԼӣ
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ϲڵļ˵µĹ֮Ҿ֪طԼˡ
ʦȻͬˡϲڵƯҲЦģҲϲԹŮĹ¡ԹŮĹ¿ҲЩȤҪ㲻һġ̬ܸõĶ
ǻϲڶڸ֮¼ȻȽϲЩ·ƵĹ¡ԨڵĵӴ඼һϲְ֮£ûϲڵĵȤڻһңһܹϲõġ
cpĿһ󲻵
ҺúýܽŮĹ¡ҺܿͺǽõĻˣֻҪһԣǾ츸ĸ׽ð
ֻ˵Щģȥˡϲڵһ΢Цʦı£϶ܹǲ֡
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Сһ˵ʲôֻûа취Ϊơ
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ӳԨڳ·ϣͻ˲һʱ䣬ԼͣͣϵĿ֣ȥԳԲͬطʳʲôģʱҲô˷ˡ
֮ǰСһһɢﷹҲ£һֱԼҾͺǵˡ
֮ʱ˵Ļе֣˵´μҪܾԺˡ
ǡ
Լеʱȥǣʱܼðɡ
ʹĸʵϰܸĵͼĴͣͣ˻ϲڵӴѶŸϵ
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ʦ㣬ʲôҪԸô
ȣ¡ʱҪһ£̫ʺϴǡԼȥֵģҪǴĸʵϰ̾Ҫ¶ǹԹԵţԼǱȽϺá
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ҽǵĺŵװס
쵼Ȼʱʱ̴̿Ÿƨ
Щٶˡ
ʵϰǴӦΪȷʵǰźӦĽɫ͹ſںߣǸġ
ʵǼ˶ҲѾҵƢһԼ뷨ѵǵķʽҲر𣬵Чȴʮ
Ҫдսܱ̫ˣǶԼĵľ޴ĥ
ˣʱЩ˵ǵİŻЩδЩǰСһѵԼķӿʡĶࡣ
СһԼŽһݣ޲ѹեеǱ
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ĸʵϰҲֻúһֵ
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ôģô׳һֱܿأСû˵˼ҿɿء
ҲǡС˼һûÿһ׳Ͻ̵ǵʱ˵˵˵žͻͻȻͣô
С
е񡣡
ʱ鵹ǺᣬҲΪԼˡ
ܵĹ񱣬ǲҲ˴ܣž֪ˡ

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ͽܣҲ֪Ӧôȥ̡
޷ǾǽԼСһʱĶǶ¾óԸһȥЩµʵϰǶѡ
ԼҪСһѵԼķȥѵЩʵϰҪôΪһҪôֱӿסˡ
ͺҵĳıˡ
ʱȥЩ⣬ȸԼӵĺá
ҵķӳ֮£˺ܿīס
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˿̣īķվһѵˡ
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ǸÿģŮװǸɡҶһܿʹҳ˹ؼ
ʦ
αӲҵ۾Щ⣬ʲôαûڶƵèαװƭ˱˿ƭ
βèīĺÿҲɶ࿴ī伸ۣī䳤еС֮ӣķֻСҪĹͣīԵÿɰ˲٣һЩԣȻľӶֶ࣬һ˿ɰ
ʵټ
ҪǰСèҲܵϲڵĻȥСһоˣϾ˳ĶС
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㿴ŵܵܵʱǻ΢ЦҵʱǺܺ£ңҲֻǼʶѡ
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ġ
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ҡ
ʲôףֹųЦ֪㵽˭㵽Ҫ͹ȥһ˽ᣬֻǵҪǣҪʹģè粽˵ʲôҪѵﲻô
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ҷѾĻҪѡ㻹һСè̵ʱҾػ㡣ɽ£ڵ޸ιҵѪβèѪѵûһϯ֮ô
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ⷴת
ϲ֪ѱ˵Լ֪
̲סơ
Ǹϲ־飬ġ
ϸֵĺèһء
īƺЩţɫЩҰס
ʶ˵Ŀġ
С͸һ𣬴ûзΪԼ뿪ȥؾͿԶ󣬾ͿڣʵϵҵһֵѰʱķԼĸ硣
ϰߣһԽĶ
໣ģģ
СڿС
תͷ⼸ϲڵĽҲǼצ۾ﶼ˸ͬĹ⡣
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ҾԼһһǰĿ
ҵЩȫȫľͳģЩ˵ĴֻΪԾˡ
Сһ㿴˵ûɣġѿڶһʶСһѾˡ
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ϲڵҲֻ˳һʶѣǿʱʱľͻᷢΪĴܶٶЩΪ֪Ĺɡ
ֵֵˣҾ뿴֣èĺÿΪʱУҪǽҲǻϲھͺˡ
ҲǲŬ
еʲôʱȥˣ
ҲҪΪ˻ϲڶŬúѡˡ

ϲڵļǿĵһԭҪȥ˵ʲôſڱտھյǽ׳ϲڣͻȻָоһεĸҡ
֮ǰܹ˵һҲΪǵĻⲻ漰κε
һ˹ؼʱǲһŵģΪͬһŬġ
èһ
ͻȻЩۣͷ˿ԼĹһڻֶ֮е顣
ʱ˹ˣǳԵģ⣬ûܹܵ
żҲҵһЩ־ͬϵһˣҲĿ顣
ģ־Щ㡣
ͺһֱȱһһ
ǲ̫һġ
ֻһ˻޼ɵ²ۣĵʱһˮ˵ʱżҲḽ˴ŵСãȥһЩɵɵ¡
ǸˣѾˡ
Ѿ˲ʮꡣ
һʼҵĺӣֻĴȥΣĴȥ֣ȫ벻жá
أ̲ס·ϿġԼ˺СһȽϣСһĴҲ𽥿ʼ
ڣֺܶණѾܴ̼Լˡ
ζе¶
ϸϸƷζһԼڵľܾЩɬ
ǷߣȻڣȴûɶĿˡ
ǲӦÿһôˣ


143 
ȻҪͷһ뵽ԼڲŻڣҪڡڡɽڣٶȹʱܷ֮Ͳͷ
һÿڳ˵ھȥСһġ
һǡСһԼӦøװɡ
ҶԼûģʵǷ·̫¡ѡǰһͨ˵ȡֱӷȫ׸֣вƱδܹõ
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ҪǵСһɣԼӦû·ȥˡ
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룬ֻСһ༭һĶš
ŵݴžȷ˼һԼ˷ʮʱȥˣûкúУһһҪʱġξ滮һԼδԼȷʵûڰڷʱϿҪһ㣬СһҲżԷһ²ķˣֻܾܵСһԼٻˣԴбǸȷʵơ
ݻûзȥظ˼ʮΣɾȥһЩ˦Ļͷ˼Ķ
СһԸ
֪͸ģ̬Ⱥһ㣬紺ϸ꣬Ͱס֪ĻƤӲСһŭĿգǾԲܵġ
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ץסһ߿Ҫǰ;һЩ
һڳԨڵ̳￴ŵ״ģ۾һʱҲѾװˡ
Ԩڵʢ֤ˡˡԤ֪ȷġ
Ҵĸʵϰڴ
Ȼֻ˵һ㣬طȷʵɽˮ㡣
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ȫһһƳİһ㶼ûбġ
һ˻ȥϧڵĵ̸ӡ

ȴҵļһַֻʽζԼңô
Ҳ֮
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ûϰ߶ѣ巨Żˡָ߶һɷ磬÷ϵĸʵϰͷ´ɴֱӡ
ˣԼȥĴתתɣҺܳϺúġ
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ܲôҵȻȲ㣬Ҷ˵ˣʮĺܲɣֲڳԨڣĴ˵ĸ֣ͬԨ߻ڸ㴵꣬˵ʲôӢ¼ʲôġô׵ʱֻǰԼôӣ
˯ñȹıȼ磬ÿ춼ҪǳʯҪô䵽ʵҪȥЭЩǵǽԼѾӶʵҪͶɣη峤ԨڣҲܻơ
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ƾʲô?
һҲ٣ӹĿҪ˳˳ˮĶˡ
Ĵûмʹ츳ûΪߣ֪ҹӺԼӶԱ֮ļˡ
֮УһƷ˼ʵζ
Ĳܡ
ȿȣ˵һʼѡƽ̨ǺҪġڵôŬҲܻһãôҲ˼ѡ㰡һʼʱѡˣҵҲкܶѡģԱ˸ָڷչǰ;ȵȷ棬ۺϿ֮²Ű볤Ԩڵġ
Ҵꡣ
һԽֶԱķһͨҪѡţʦʲôûκ⣬ҲܻŵʲôġûѡЩѡ˾ĳԨڣΪʲôǿϳԨڵĸԼڵʵô
ЩϵžٺãΧҲС
ڳԨھͲһˣǰҲЦһһֱŵλĲУҲǳЦһȻϴϴ԰ˣһЩ߰黹ûеġ
㱻СһѵεȻϺջԼɻҲûߡ
ΪŸô
ԨѾҵˣɲۡ
ҵԶİ̾Ըߵĵӱ֮ǵԸҲ˲٣ҲῪʼҸɻ㲻һϣ
ͺܺˣ㽫ÿһֻҪͳһͲˡҲԱο
ҿӣЩ¡ҲֻǺĵĲˣŽ⣬²˳ʲôҡҲ²£λΪˣĴ˸ҹܣڵķ¹ƾֻһǾǷˡ˵Ӧûдɡ
ҪǼǰ;ġֱˡ
Ժῼһ¡ϸϸĴҼȦҼΪȹ̣ǻ۷壬Ҳôˡ˵ڱ谭ֻҪΪ˾ܳͨҵľò꣬ͿԷˡ
ʱ䲻̣ڷʿ˵̵ֱĲС
Ҳһ꣬ڷǲԴʿ¼ˡ
˼仯ķûʲôء
ܷĺܿܿˡ
ʱҲ̫ˡҪôã̾Ͱڶûɶ˼ˣܶණҶˣ꣬Ҫȥɶܺôʱ䰡
Աչءչ£һһ͹ȥˡļıߣ˵㣬Ҫ붨򣬿ʵģܴϣʱˮһ㣬оʱš
뿼ǣҾÿԼĵûɶ壬ҵĵǧûСʮֹ˵
ĵʲôĲɺ棬͵ˣ֮
ǡҲ֪ҪôĽ˼Ҳ֪ô壬ֻͳĽž˶ԼϢȨĵɡ
ݽϣ
ԣ˼۾һ
嶼ܹݽĵҵȷûм˼˺һŵҺϲ
磬ڷ䣬ʵݽĸ֣ܶʱ򶼱͡ݶ͡Ϲˡ
ӵڷܡŬʡ
Ҳֹ
ЩǻУŬǱģǰǱ佱ģԭ̤˼ȡɾֵñеġ
͸ˡ
˶˵㵱ʿҪŬУҪΪŶܶҪŬ
֮أ
֮㻹ҪУŬ֮ϻ֮ϻе档
֮ϣĸĴڡ
Ŭûκֹġ
ΪŬŬҲζŸ˸ûȷĿ꣬ڿһ¥ϵĿȴôҲﲻ˶԰
ҲǺܲġ
컨׻Ҳ
ɫΪͲбѡأ
ŬȷĲ٣˲ôŬ
ֻҪԼеԼѡĺͿˡ
Ҳ֪ҪȥԼĵҵĵܹ˶ࡣҿЦҲֻʶһѡңҲǾϵŬ֮ѡƽҲ˵ҵĵܴĶֻЩᶨԼĵģҡһʿ
һʼûеģûŬˣǲĵġ
ҵĵ˵׾ǽԼһѡ
ʱͨ·
ǶǺͻеˡ
֮ǰǳԨڵֻĵҪɽ֮ƹ㣬ܱϵĶҲ⣬ҪӦòΪЩɡ

ܹ¶ҪȥǸʦү¡ķ˸ۣ˲˼Ұɡ
û취Ҫ飬ҲҪɵʹҺСһ˵ǿ϶һֱһģǰھһҲǿԽܵġ˶Ϊ˶ԷԼҪ飬ǾͲˡ
ҺСһһҲа꣬Ѿ֪Էʲôˡ
ǿΪ˶ԷܶûбҪĶͬģҲһЩǲܷġ
СһһֱûзҼҲûа취ȫĵΪСһĽ̻ȥŬ
ǾһֱԼӾͿˡ
˺ˣҲ㽲ЩæϣôŶоԷҪһĻҲûа취
ʲô취
ҲϤĿң
Ҷʱһ㶣ҲŻڣҵ˺ȥҲ
ʿʲôأķʵ
ʿǱȷ˸ǿķˡѿڶ
ʿǷˣҲ̰ߵķˣΪÿһʿĶǷĸֶҾҲһ֮ңȻ֪ЩڡΪڣʿȼĲ޷ǾĶٶѡңڵѾˣԼϵѾ㹻ˡ
Լ5Gٶȣˡ
˵ҲãɽҲã˵׶ϣȥ̽ΪǶ١һ㻯ɹôֻҪ˼˼٣ͿֱӷˡĳĲϹʱзƽط֮Ҳسɷһ˵˵ףʿзֻǳͳһַʽʵϣǻбķʽǿѡġ
ҵԺʱͷ
ңҲǶ˵ʵķʽ˵Цѵûз֣ʵҪ·ô
Ժ顣
ڻؾԷ˵ݶȹһ
֮ɱ̬ȣһֱôϷ˼䡣
Ͱ÷ǰȥҽĹ۲쵽˰÷ĳɹ
ͬģҲԶӶʧܵİ
Сһ֮Ĵ磬Ҵĸʵϰһͷʼ֮кγֲоĴŸأ
ѾΪָ˵·
Ǿǻ
ֻлɼԼĵʱŻıϣҳɹ
ͳУôĵ޷׵Ŀˡ
һģȷҶˡ
һʱ࣬ľֻʣһͷ
ֻ֮ǰдõĸСһǳݶɾˣ˼򵥼֣͡
Сһһ㡣


144 
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һΪʵɽ֮ϣͨѩ׵ɽ֮УһĨɫԵüΪҫۡ
·̧ͷȥһʱЩҲ֪ԼǱѩ۾Ǳ漴·˾Ҫ׷׵ͷһ뿪ҲҶ࿴һۡ
˿ɲʲô˶ܿģ΢һͻвͬĽŽ㻢񣬺Ƕ࿴Ǹɽϵһ۶һ㡣
Խûʲô˸Ҷ࿴ˡ
Ȼɽ֮ϳһչ⣬ǸɫӰϡ
·ˣΧŰæĽǣԼͬĳɽķȥ
⡣
ôأ
ɽ֮Уû̫ģʱķһֻ̫֡½ġ
ʦүȻǷͬ졣һ̲ס˼ҲŷãѾʽΪȻչ䣿
ɽ֮ϵˣǷࡣ
ЩԱ߻ĽǣǳԨڶĽǡ
ڷ֮ǰ֪ɽ֮лôһȺǻڵŷ࣬ϷǿսȻ˿һжȥ
ڵһηʱ򣬷ѾܹԿ˶·磬ηȻʵ
ԭԨڵЩǱǹʥŮ£ȻڷƬ̣ʥŮʽأ˵ȸȥӭӡ
ȵЩأſһǹʥŮƵŽƽĿǡ
а˺ʥŮʲôݣ˾Աţ˵Щ˵֣˵Լࡣ
Ǽš
˵ʦүͲӣ
ʲô˿ðࣿԷȻֻǸոշˣϵĽϢǿȴǼҪŨ񡣸Ӳ˵ԷʥŮ񣬶Ƕ֪֮ԻᱻʥŮӣΪǵʦүʥŮĶӡ
ԨڵĽҪҲС
ԺǲҪػʦүˣ»Ŭػһʦүסɽ֮УĽʥŮҲв٣Ǳ˷ʦүģʥŮƣֲ֪Ҫٿ˵ˡ
ʦүǾͲ˼ȥǹˡ
˼ǣʦүƺҲûȥǹʥŮ˼ֻңңһݣȫˡ
ʦү˵ĻЩǸӲ죬˵ƺΪɶҪͻˡ
ŵýǸæɽ
Ȼ󣬾Ŀ֮УʦүʽͻعؿΪ
˼ҽһ̣ɽ綼䶯ˡ
ŷԹʱ׷ױ̬ȣеԸΪѣҲеͻҪΪмͣʲôġ
ֱЩǴ۽硣
ɽ磬һƱ¶˷ĵط
Щ飬ɽ֮вû֪ûһǰֹе˵ǽ޵ͳڲĶԹͳĲʺϲ֣е˵Ȼ¹һЩϾֻԷһˣƲʲôŭԹʦҲеĸɴվߣ˵ɱ¾Ӧˡ
óԨڵЩɷŭѣȴΪֻܻȵٶȷع顣
Һãǻǵȵôһ졣
ı֣ҲԶԶǵԤϡλʦүĽҲƴԼҪҲҪԸ֮ӣôһʱҡڲ뷨
ǷԸ⣬ĵλټһˣΪһɽҲˡ
ǹǱߣ˺ֻ˵Ҫ˴ǹԸΪǵơ
ɽ֮Уշ֮üΪģڷ֮ǰֻһѵʱȴ̣ǱҲԸ
ԨڵĽžһжֵõġ
λʦү˵ʲôǿܵġ
ǸɵҲֻʱѡ
ɽ磬ﻹҺ½һ֣
û뵽ǣʦүɽͻȻչ䣬ýǺǲˡ
ɽ֮УЩ͵λ˶֪ɽ֮еչ¹⣬Ļ֮һǷ໹ʲôΪˣʶŻữһչ⣬ǰΪ˽
չ֮УԼԭ
ֻҷһϢ
Ȼѡ񻯷ˡ
ǸһĨЦݣ֪ǻ·ģֻǰû˵ѡ֮ǰǵҵĺʱ˵ҲҪʱͳϵġʱԣ˵ĻȷҲܻɴġ
ǰԼԭҲ⡣
Ǵ˷ˡ
Ҳ˵Ҫ˺ڷĲٿ֮ĥٿܲܿƺ쳾Ѱٴġǣһ֮Уûǰ֮УҲǷʲôԨڴĶѾԶԶ㹻ӳԨõĶ
ѣǼǷ
еˣĵ˼ΪԼĵһͱֱӸˣҲôԿ
֮Уģֻһࡣ
ʶҵĻͱҪз
Ҳô⣬ҲֲǰΪ˳ȡһĨͬͶڷ֮Уͬһͬɽˡ
֮󣬺ԥĳԼһĨ飬ԼʶҲͶ뵽֮С
ͬһ𻯷Ӧõġ
ڻҲͬѡ
֮ĸ飬״ڹĻ̫һǵĵȷȷΪԷƴġ
뵽Ҳոһһš
ĪҪģһ𡣡
Ԩڡ
ΪһεĻ׼˲ʮꡣ
ѾԼΪ˺ڣҽĸʵϰҲúѵһǻص˳ԨڣʵϰĲͬԸ񶼸дһƬרҵ棬ϸ˿ÿ˵ŵ㣬ͬʱҲΪƼʺǵĽԸдƼŰ¡
ĸʵϰõԼʱ򣬿漸ҪжĿ޳
ǶûҾȻ˽¶˽ôĿǵδܿǵôȫ棬СңҲСԼ
ҹһͽǸˡ
ȻҪͲͽˡ
ȻӦòõĻôܲģ
֮ȡʿ֮ļһԼİ÷һΪϲֽƻΪ˰÷ֻһСѡ
˼һԼûļ䣬ֻûԼӰļĻԼһʲôˣ
롣
Ҳȷûʲôķ
˵Ҳ˼ʼʱΪͿʼɶˣɵٶȾ͸ˡҲ˵ҲҪġ
εȻ˵ԼĴ֮Ҿû˼ܾǻ˽͵͵Լ뷨ع涨óȻԼҲ֡һߣȻԲǳ
ԸԼԭ򵹲Ѿô꣬Ѿˣûʲôúº͵ĵġĵԼ֪޾ȥСһԵĻԸʧܵ󣬻ܱԼһǣĺСһ˵ټ
Ҫ׼̫ѣҲ̫򵥡
һһֱڵֻ졣
ȵֻٳٴһϢ֮Ҳ¶һȻЦݡ
ţԻˡ
˼仯֮ҲͬЯһĨ˼䡣

ֹ
֮ʢ
֮гһյĴʦ֮λʦӾ͸۾һӶַΪֺͱ֣֮ʱڶദ֮УҲô˿ͬꡣˣȻϱССֲϣһֱδһͳҲѾϰĸ֡
£ϱֽ紦һس﷢
سݵĹ˵ǰһգɣǱֵӡȻϱѾƴǰһԹ֮»ټҺԳŮڸĵλҲߣǿȴȵԴһЩͬʦŵ˵Ҫ˳ֻϼҽӣŵҲôںЩŵӣǾʹӦˡ
˰ôЩ꣬㰾ͷܿڽ紦ɻ飬Ҵһݡֹ˳̩񰲣ЩǮƵļͥԼĺѧЩȭԼϱֽ֮ûдɵģֻһЩСɣҲԼ׳ɲֶܶʶԷҲǵгһձ֣طܹס
Ƕ߹Լ뿪֮Ѿһһĵӣﻹǵöǰһûѧʲôϵѧûʲô츳ŵӣЩƽҸҲԷ̬Բǵ꣬Ҳϲˡ
ԷޣΪڽϴ˲ʶϥһֱ޶ŮȻһһͬȥ棬ȴ·߼һССŮͯŮͯԼĪֻ󣬿źèһģʵЩ
޽Ůͯ𣬷Ůͯϳȥһšҡֵĺɰ֮ʲôҲûУɰҲֻͨʣκͷŮϰ䣬ʱ²˻ŮŮͯССͱɽҰ룬ļҲҪˡ
֮£޾ͽŮͯؼң͵ԼŮ
˼ǣ֮󲻾ãŮͻȻУʱ䣬ǡþ֮һ졣˷޾͸ӼᶨҪ£ȷľǺٶһӶҵ۰Ҳûаּ١Ǹȡһϣ첻Ĳܹ촹Ϊһ
һۣʮѾȹ
ҲѾһʮŮ
ңˣϢϢĸ׶Ÿ㣬һ߸Ҳһ۵ĿŮ㶼Ǽ׽ȥˡͲĶˣʣ˵ҲǽϵĶˡҪϰ䣬Щɡ
˵ˡջؽĸ׶ԼĹģֳ㣬ҡҡͷ˵ЩɵĵӶͺСͰŵģշ̫ˣܳԲסҪǸɻӲ˵õӣҪʮʳ޷ãôҲŲȥ
ң˵ЩЩͨӵġ츳һҲǰڼЩŵͣҪȥʦĻǰҪЩӣԺ϶Ҳˡ㲻ȥ뻨ǮǲΪܵܣŮӲûмʶˣȻ֪ҵ츳ȵĻҵɡ
ǵǰСʱǿֵСϲҲϲ塣Դһ죬ĶӴһмȥ˴ΪƣֳûǰҪ֮ҾͿʼÿֻ˯ʱʣµʱ
СﰮΣȴΪһֱһļиŲŲΪ˱ǡ
ܵ岻ãĿ϶Ҫչġ֪Լģﲻ˵ھӺݵĵʱҲᱳۣѾˣסġ
ȻԷ޵ĴȻҪúñġ
ܾԼͶ̥ʱȵĲôȫżҲһЩֵֹĳ֮ʲôǵˡѧٶĺܿ죬ʶֻֻ䣬һҪĶࡣ
෴ĵܵΪ첻ϰȭҲֻñһͨ˻Ҫ״̬ѣûм̳ݵĿܡ
֪ԼԺҪ˵Ļõİ취ԼǿȻ̳ݣŵܵһչ˸ĸԼõ
ˣҪʱԼǿС
ҹ
ҾûҪȥʦĺáŮڴͷԼɷ˵ǵȻѾǽŮġЩ꣬ΪǣҲ˲١ͲԸֶطǲҵõкӵģţѧ츳Ժǰ;
ǴҲˡ̾˿ǰһʦһɽͱ˿֡
ҲôŬֻҪһƽƽͺˡŮӲͬɷ˵ҪһطҲġҰôôãһȻ츳סˡѲɣ㻹Щ฾˵һͯϱ
һȷʵҲ̫ã˵ˣܹôѾܲˣϻܼѣҲز۵ӳ̾һҲЩʲôģҲ
ҵһô룬һҲˣʱ򡭡
ŮծЩҲܹһЩӣҪһȢϱģʵҲһҲˣ͵͵һǽܹϵСͲҲӵ
Ǿôˡ
ϣܹ˯ȥ
գҳ֮ʱ˾͵͵ԼҶӵķ
ԼҶȻʮһ꣬Щ԰ŷ޵ŵ㳤ģССѾʾѹӵģˡԼҶ彡֪Ľ
ϧ岻ãǷҲ֪в£úãǺöӶԳţⱻǿ˿ϡ
˻ûпڣӾ¡
ҹ˵ĻˡһҹһСòȢϱҲ뺦˱ĹȻ츳ǾͲסȥʦɡǰһĵطʱʱȥ


145 
һС֪Լϲ㡣
СʱŽĴܣ岻ãžͻ۵ÿһζǽؼҡ
룬ԼҪ쳤󣬺úñ㡣
ǣһ֮󣬵ͽ㶼ʼţҪοǣȴַ
˯֮УһֱиóǣһţȻѾΪԼļˣҲҪŬȥ
֪ҲԼ׽֮ʱںͽ׽Բء
ֻʱŻʱ棬ϧ
ԼСĹŽԼȻ󽥽˯ˡ
Ժ䣬ھСĵ졣
Ҳ֪һܵȥˣĴأ
úõĴӶܶϾ׽㣬ûôġ
ô˵
ǡǶԷͻȻŮӻ˵Ů˭ѽôҲ֪Ļ˵ǽŮͯϱء
Ҷھӣɱ˵
ȻҲŲȥ˵
һʲôͯϱ֪ҲԼ׽㡣
ġ
ҵʱ޵ĺģҶΪǺίҲһֱ˵ԺҵֻһԼֻ֪ҲԼ׽㡣
ܣΪֻҪԼ˵û֪𽥳֮󣬲֪һܣֻڹ
Ҳ֪ôμСʱ¡һоѣԺһ
ҲܾԼĸã׽ҲԺúøĸģô󡣿ֻȭ᲻
һûˣôܴ콣һ׽أ
һĬĬջߡ
֪Լҵܡ
ֻǣý֮ǰҲֻǽˡҲĽҰһߣ˵Ӧȥʶġ
ڶ緹ʱҸոսһĳڷ˵Ļ
ңˣͽ׼ҡΪһ֮ܿ͹Լľ
ҶʱסƺЩţǲˣʼ˵ˣôܹأ
ݿ˵ǵѪֻҪݻڣԴԴϵյӣǸܵβǻۼҲʮҪģ½𵰵ļö˶˵ģɱȡѿɲа
㣬ô˵ģЦһ䣬ûôҺܵܶ˵ġҲˣݵѧͽԽԽ٣ΪʱյÑ˼ҳԷġôЩ꣬Ҳû¶Ǯ缸꣬Ǿڿݵˣֻһֱû¶ġ
֮ҪȥŸĸ뷨Ҳ̫ࡣ
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Ǵһȥɽϸ˵ɽһɽɽΧĸɱڶӣԺúÿĸɷʦңҲ˵ҽƺҲɽҲܵܿ
Ҳ˵ôҲȥʦ
ҡһͻȻſڣҪݣҪǣڵ书ǲġҿϱѾ֮ƣǴڽ֮㰲ȫ˵վͻΪڣǰ뿪Ƕáӵ㲻õģ˵Щʱʱľɱԣܹڱܹȡʤģнţı£ҪӮ±ѡ
һ㽱ܹжǮ
֪ǰҺʱȻμɴڶֶûгŹȥȡʤģȡǰʮ˼õʮӣǿףõĸֽϰ
ݣ꾰õʱһҲ׬߰ʮӣһĻֻʮ
ôǮʱ۾ˡ
ЩɣôǮô
ܹɵģӵأǴǻһЩĺӵӣǳ£͹ٸϵҲܺãϽ˼˰ȻǮһ̬ɶҲ֪̾Ĺ᲻һӿôأ̬ͽ˵뷨ȫͬġǿЩ֮νĴˡ
һ̰ǮҷӽӵҲദĸ
Ҫ˰ġҶڽ˰ʮּᶨ˰Ļٸʱץ˵ģ㵱ҲҪط
˵öԡ
ңֻܰʦǣĶòġ
ﶼ˶ҵ֧֣ƽҲ𽥿ʼб
Щϰ֮˵书ԽߣڽϵĵλԽܹ׬ǮҲԽ࣬ҲܹԽá˵˶ΪҲҪӵġ
ҲϣԼĸĸȵʹһ˲ֻܵҲ뿴Լɶ´Ưĵܵÿ춼Ҫܼ֮ࡣԣŬ
Ҫʦȥɣ׬ӡҼᶨԼ̬ȣܵܣҳԺˣȥˣҪӱŬС
˵꣬ҷ¿ӣܵԺŬȥˡ
һ˿ڼ򵥣ȻѾ˾ʣµͺܿˡ
ݵѧ֮ͱǲɢҲһǲɢؼҵķáǱֻѧһȭţҲôġҲ˱صһλ̣һиߵļ۸
ӶһƱִһЩӣһ˲ųֵɽǱ߸·
ɽһĸɡ
ɽ񹬣ڽҲǶϯǰ֮Сɣ񹬶ģΨհ
Ҵ˴ĿģȻҲ񹬡
յӱʮ£һҵ㡣˵ʮ£ʵյĵӣʮ¡ǴͶʦģ͸ˡڴϰ˵ܾͨһ书Ѿѣ;ѧ书ȻЧҲߡˣյӣҲϲֻһͯ
Ǻǰʦ˶ཻ֪ԼǴһôľء
ϧҴͷβԼļˣ粽룬Щķǰ㶼ġ
ûʲôȼ˸Ҫˡ
Һ͸ĸһɽµһƫƧѰһ䷿ݣҲвٴֶһЩ书벻ߵˣһͶƫ󣬶Ǵûдʲôﰲ仧ˡ
ҵĵϲúദڣǾͶ
ҪǵãʦɹҲûʲôǧҪͻǻɾˡβĶмǲҪâ¶Ҫǰ¶еݡûб츳ĺӣǲܱĳǿУҪѹġǰҲˡ
İɣҰҪҪȥܵҽҲͱͻġﻹܲЩ
ǹͷ
ܵܣҪǵóҩ󣬵ҵҽκòܺһˡЩǵĿһĻûǲҪ¶ĺãñ˶ˣżǵҪҡ
߶߶ģһЩͷ
֪ˣֲǲ㻹ǺúòԼɡ
Сһô˵Ҳ㣬ôͲܶһҽأĺҪһ㣬ҪǺܾûˡǰʼСһͲˡ
СʱԼĸƨ棬ǰģһСƨѾĲ뺰ˡ
ʲôʱıأҼǲˡ
ʹѡһңɫĪˣӿ϶Щô񹬰ɡ
ʱܾԼˣ˵ﱻˡ
СһԽԸԽɰˡ
ǳԽԽÿˡ
Ҵʦ񹬣ϴӣͺҪʦ˻һ
ʮ꣬ڽѾƵǳˡ
һЩһͼҾõŮУһҲͻأ
˵һֻʮĵӡһ磬ѪһҪ񹬣ѧϰϳ书ҸĸѪޣ
֮䣬˵Ǽ飬ΧҲΪݡ
ĪҼұңϧȴ䲻ҪţҲ㡣һŮҲʾ
ҡҴӦүүҪΪģȻĿҲŬġһ˵
ҲҪ۸Ҫµһ

Ҷ˵˸ɣĶˣǵ۾ҲйģǶиԵԸҪڽ֮ɡ
أΪʲôҪ񹬣ע⵽һֱû˵̲סѯʵ
֮пõģһͨҲûкõЩ߹ӵһĵز
һ˵ּм˲ᵽġ
﴿Ϊ˴ϢʡǮͥĺܶ඼ȥЩȨƵүС׽ȥˣû㣬Ծûȥ
û뵽Ϣû٣ֺ׳︴һѡ
ҪģҪŵģҲҪµһģʲôӵġ
ûô๷Ѫˡ
ͨͨݹŮĸڣиɰܵܣʦΪҽ׬Ǯ
񹬾˵Ǯ
˵ҽҵܵԡ
ģҽ˵شܵһûµġ
жôʲô֢
ģõġ

ŮҵĵܵһǿˣǽΪŻһ
ſҪֲ֪ͣ˵ʲô
ܵҲ첻㣬ҲЩʮ껹ûġ
ֻЩ֮ǰ˵ģ־ԼҲţֻøɴ졣
ߴߴģúܶСߡ
ЩµҲʦ񹬣
Ϊѧèܰʦѧգ
Ǻǣ棬һȺεˡ

Ϊǵĳ˫
ʢͣܵôࣿ
ǺǣǰݲʦѵЩ粻ֲܿүСǾ
б¾ͽȥǣڻǺһ
ŶǺԼЩµˣԲŹƤӳɡ

ۿžһĬĬ˺˼Ӧﲻµġ
Һ񹬵Ŀ죬ֹܿⳡ
ҶһĺøУǿϵεģͺܺˡ
ɫҲҪúϢ׼Ӻѡˡ
ǺʦҵСȫ硣
ҵĺӳ붼ʹӣҴռ˿ջõĵطǾֻ˯ͨʲôġ
̫ͨҽȥһ̾˳Ը˯ϡҩۣʡ²ǮҲ
Ҫñȱ˸ߵ书͵͵͵Ŭǣ
ţԼһܰ񹬣Ȼɹ׬ӸСһβȻϴ֣͸ĸؼҹſָ
󲻶࣬Ŭ
ô˱ôصļֻŬʲôʸϢ
뵽ҳֶˡ
ҹɫ޿ԶŬң۾᲻գһ¡
һǵĳ⣬ܿüĳ
ڴҶˣǰĳǰҲĴڵİɡ
ԭΪɽҲȲѧһ죬ȴû뵽Ŀ̫֪֮ʲô鶼ܷ
ͺñڡ
⼸λǳԨĳϣջҲҪɣʶǰҡǶǸʲôԸҲʮ˽⣬֮ǰĵһֱǳԷ쳾ָǺã
˭뵽ľȻĳأ
ֻ³һӰϴĹܣԺӰʯϣһСӰ̳Ϲ˷ۿ
ҲѹںΪܹõı֤һ֮İȫҹġ
ȻǹһҲͽܣȻΪҪز߲Ҳֲܡ
Ϊһ֮ǻܣʶֻгԨڵĳϺĵӲ֪¡½һ˽̳ܵ飬ʱʱľϴһЩµĻ
еߣҲҵɾ˼ѧˡ
ʹ飬ֱ̳ص˾ǳơ
ٳϿصĵӣ̳һյֺͳȣžдһƪ£ԼΪҴµȼѪŬ
־䣬ƪƪѪᡣ
ģᡣ
ֱںм˶Ҫʹһĸ˼
˵ڿһСƵԺ󣬳Ľ򿪣Ѿ׼׻ˡ
ֲҲڷܿһֱҲ뻯ڵû뵽ȻӦû뵽ǰΪѾˡ
Ҳ֪˵޴Ǵ
ˢƵʱ򣬷׼һһ
ţֱ䣬ͣĸԨڡ
Ҫصźúȷһ˵鵽ǲģģôԼҪҲȥ俴һˡ
һǸһ˳һûأ
Ҳûпܡ
ǳԨڣз硣
ʦû֮󣬸Ա仯ʵ̫ˣòء
ֻ̳ϣЩǷ񱻶ỹǱǿиı־Ļ⣬˺ü֣óһеİ֮ģΪ˽˼ҵĴǹལۡ
֪һֱΪˮһ̳ΪԵʱеӣ֪θ롣
Ҳû뵽ȻгһܹҲҪȰŬ
ÿ֣ԸԼʱ䡣
ǰ˵ÿֻĸʱĽϲġ
֮󣬾˴ķô
һϵĳĬĬֲ̾˹ֲû֮֮١
ΪȻ


146 
֪ԼֻŬѣѾһ˵Ĳˡ
ģô񹬡
Һٺ˶֣ݵʱΧһЩֻѧ˼ȭŵˣ򲻹Ȼһֱ˵ԳƵǽϵĶ֣Ҷ˵ʾɡ
ԼǷŸƨġԼ书Ҳ̫У˵ԼǶֵĻˣҹԼҲǸֵˮƽҪӮЩѪŮǣǼѡ
ܲ׾Լ츳ϱȲ˵ĻֻܿԼˡ
ôţǸĵĲ©ȱԼڽİʦ֮·֮иӶһʤ㡣
Ҫҵĸĸ֪ҾȻôǵģ϶Ҫһԩ
Ϊ̫ʢѾԺһֱȼĻӲ˶
ʵϣҵ츳͹ѾǵʦʱŲˡ
ֱ
ѧڹͽǼ֮İ汾ҪѧĸӾֻܼͨΪףȻһ쳤ϻſǵŬȻ̵ǸӾѧ
Щɾǳ˵Ρ
󲿷ֵŵӸѧʲô裬˶ִеĿǿڹġ֪жѧΪ˼û䣬жѧֱӱ˹ײġ
ȴչʾǿѧϰ
ƾԼĴǣȻһĴӼ򻯺ڹķͽ֮зƣ𽥽潲Ĳ岻ĵطŪ˸ףһѾϳѧż
ңʱһҽۣ˳һ˼άȥܾʲô谭ûˣһֱﰵ϶ԼҵܵܲţֻҪܵһãԺ϶ܹڽ
ֻ˶ֲ֣֪Ϊʼվþ־Ӧܹɽһ㣬ʶԼʵһûС
ССͣ书Ѿǿزĸôȥ
ϧһΪȭȭŮ֮ģһǾøĸţ˫֮ôһСᡣ
ÿͽǰʦ˲֪ҲвǰԼҲĺҲһԽڽƮԽҪҸɵɽԼǲУԼĺܹҲǺõġ
ˣÿ궼ò뼸ȵ̭Щʦѧյˡ
꣬ˡ
ҵĵһҲαװһͺԵļҳһļٵš
һǲһῼϣĵ±ֵ̫ãʱ˶ϿɾͲˡ
ѡ򵥵ģǽһŮǷֳɼ飬ȻѰһأҪͿչʾŽӦϻ۳̶֮ġ
Ȼֳڡ
󷽵Ӻܿ񹬲ٳУΪ͡
һɫŮкܶ࣬رɫ
ʹˣҵĸĸһѺ
һĬĮ̆¿ţЩĽĿЩŵڵˣܾԼҲӦ֮һŶԡ
ⲻ֪һĳ֣Ҳð۲տԵĽ޳ǲɵĽ
ַ˵Ķǲסǵ۾ġ
Ǻʦү
ʦүѾôΪʲôˣ
ŶѾ˵˸֡
ԭѾʦү֮ǰѾһΣһҲԳƵһˡ
ֻǿӣʦүƺһûˣòҲ˺̶ܴȵı仯ȴûб䡣
Īǣʦү֪ҪҲһˣ
Ǹ춯ء
û뵽ʦүȻôһˡ
޳Ǳʾѧˡ
ֲڱӪĳԨʦүҲܹյõһòĵ£ȻʦүҲǵֻ
һǾ͸Ӳ⿿ˡ
ʦүԻתǻʲô˵ģ
ⳡ֮бֵȷʵڹ۵Ҳӡ̡
ЩԱ߹ۿǵĴǣһЩԵŮǷʶĸ
һˣ
ĿɰԸףҲᱳº֣˵ܳ죬ͱȫһ
Իûм굱Ҹˡ
ң㡣
ŮûôིЩͲǡ
ЩϽڿĳ֮ҲǻһЦ
ÿ꽭϶вŮ֮İתѾֲˡ
Ǻǡ
ҵĸĸһοԼŮȻɫٺöϲأһһŮѾˣ˵ʲôʱͼˣԺһҲѵüأǺã
һס죬һԲ
ĵľȻˡ
һ뿪Сҵ㣬ͻҹĵƣЩҵȫ
ѵΪЩҰԼߣҲȥΪ
һô˽
Ϊ֪ҵ㣬ԲϣܹȥõĶ
ǰЩԲС
Ĳ书ҲУ䲻ҡ
ллǸˣʱûĴ㡣ʶľܾе㺦¡
ȥ͵̨ܾܵ¿أЩһôǰ׶εôοɶ񣬺ôҲи׼ǳĻûҵܵһÿ׸ӣ
ϻÿͿܾ
Щ˾Ͳרôһëûֲ书С
ĬĬ²ۡ
ʵǸкҲҲþܾôĸ̲סпŮô಻к׷ﻹе㽾ġ
ŮרǺ¡ϸеԴףҲˣʲôҿ̫ˡ
ޣʲôö
һԺҪ˵ĻҪһʲôĽ򣿡ϸ̲סѯԼĶӣͼԼͬˡ
һûش
ֻǾĿ̨ϵҡ
죬϶ĸײоΣĲʲôݺݵһѡ
ϸ룬ӴûԼҷֿ
òʲô˼ɣ
ĸеǳԭΪֻҪŮڿҪġ
ȻǱչˡ
Ȼһʼ񹬲ûŮӱʵۣҲвʿֳ˶ĺøУһСӡȻĶݲΪ֪ȴ֪һ
ֻǶһӣпΪԺһı㣬кβɣ
Ҳ֪ССһͽʵζĻ֮ʽ˱Ĺؼڵ㡣ֻ֪ԼڱΪӣͿԺɽ˷ӵļһˡ
֮ǰڿԵʱʹһЩϢͨģǽǮʦȻǹܳסġҲЩĺӳԲЩֲ赭ҲʹרŸͷɽ֮ϽӾסҲǿԵġĵӲ࣬ЩǣΪ˱ʾԼϰ֮ģҲҪͬͬסֻżɽ
⣬ÿǷһ·ÿŷһͨʲôģЩֻЩŵӲеģһеŵӶУֻÿһοǰʮĵӲŻУÿһΡÿ׵һűϣŻ֮ġˣŵҪ׬ǮҪôǼҪôڸ֮Լȥ׬Ǯ
Ҳֺ֣ܶаæѺڵġġаЩũɱ޵ģаٸ׷ʲôġЩĻõҪֳɡ
ҹǰʦǰڵĳסһͽʮӣ۵ҲҪʦˡ
ôǮһСˡ
񹬵ѧĹĸ仹治˵ЦֽǮʦĻãԺѧ֮Ҫ˳ҲԣֻҪ񹬵񣬲񹬵书⴫ͲôȻֵһҲѧʲô书ˡЩС񹬳֮ŮǣǾעһҪΪ񹬷ף񹬵ˣ񹬵ĹǵĻҲԼ뷨Ҳ󿿡
ЩｲЩΪֶ֮²һŮ඼ݡ
ǾŵӵԼ־ҪΥţ͵ڱѣŵȨ͵ʱĸ˵ȨҪڹٸȨ֮ǰڽҲͨõġ
ʦģһ㶼ǴŵӿʼֻбֵرòܳΪŵӡҪѧ书һҪôεЩ޽׳Ϊ񹬵ˣҪôǵŵںӷģҪһЧţڽϽԼųװһǱͬᱻΪҲТ֮ˡ
˽⵽Щ֮̾ҵﵱŵӣѧ֮˳ˡ
ŵӿɲ㣬ԼĵҲԼҪĶʦǿ񹬵书ߣڵ⸽򷿶Ҳˡ
Ȼû˵ʲôʦʦǶҿŬŬŵӣһǾŵӾͲȽɡ
ŲҪԼĻԼ
ǣܶŵӶ£ǵĻǸĸܸһõģǸô
Ϊհ񹬣ֵĻǺܲġ
첻ͺŵһ֮æӣһЩܼ顣
һ㶼ˮʹµ˶ҵĹ۸в
츳ֲΪǫ飬ʼһǸӡ
Ҿð񹬺һ㣬ֵܼס
ǰɣһЩô˾ܾǼͬʦɹǣЩͲʦʦܣҲϲߴա
ͷŮǱȲҪ١
ŮӣŮӼֱָ滹вǳϻЩŮӣһ˿Կġ
òֲԸʣȻܵͬ˵İĽ
ֱҪ
ʲôҪָ书ģУЩ˵书ͲôװźܷġܡǺô
ȥʹ֮⣬ҶܾЩˣֻһ徻Ȼ˳оһôȥЩɹʱȽϸߵʦʦֽ̾飬ΪԼԺ׼
ò׵ÿ¹̶٣̾ͻؼˣһʱͺ͸ĸ˵һԼֻҪŵӵĴ㡣
ΪŵӵĻͲ׵书ϱֵ̫ˡֻҪ׵ıϱֹˣͻᱻϿصΪӣܶӶǳŻġĸ˽Ķһ㣬ҵŵҲ񹬱ϾԺյĴɣǵĵڻѡķΧ㡣ЩңֻǴٹ壬Ҳк񹬵ġ
ǵļҾܹ޸ŵԵĻУҪ޵ĸãֻˡ
ңҵƺСһҲûʲôȤܹնһԵСһֻǱֵĽ֮Ҳûʲôá岻ãСŮҲ࣬ԲŻĸ飬ȵ뿪ʱ佥࣬СһʶŮӣҲתˡ
ֱ⣬Ҳƫκһ
ǰҡҲȰ˵㲻õǣ츳˵ŵӣܹѹȺۣΪ񹬵ĳҲûпܡôŬ
ǸˣŬΪ˳ΪʲôµһġҾԼں͸ĸĹƺ⣬ŬֻǵҪ׬ӶѰˣŵҲԽӺܶȻҪֳɣӵͽҪĸߺܶࡣץӷ˵ȥٸｻǮøЩ۷ֳأЩǲҿ˿ͽġ
ԳΪʲôµһûʲôִ
ΪµһʲôŶ춼սŬΪ׬ܶܶӣøĸ͵ܻܵԼúáҪΪµһҪôණüһ֪ôˣŲҪȥðա
Ŭ㸱ҵ׬Ǯء
Ҳý㲻ΪŵӱȽϺáһѹǣҼвˣϲɣΪŵӾҪţҾ˵ŵӲɽʱҪǶѡŵܶ඼ȨƣҪǲСĳΪ֮ӾͲˡǰҲӦ֪ЩǺܼҵİɡ
˵Ҳе
ǰƽƽҲԣҲôŭ
ĸţҲҵѡ
ң۾˵ĿһСһղŽҽ˰Ȼҵ˰ɣǲҰ㿴ҵ㣬Բš
ǣġһסੲݵ͡
ĸԴֵĽܳЦһء
ң극ͽ񹬵ĽһҿҪ֪񹬵ĽЩ֮
ãû⡣һߵͷԲˣԥ˵
Ź˵ʲô⴫ɶģСһֲˡ
˵ˣܾ񹬵ĽҲûȥ
ŵӵĽ̫˰ɡ
ԨڵĽ޳ǹ۲֮ĬĬ뿪ˡ
ţȻǸϤҡ
û֮ǰҪݲ񡢵ܵ׬ʲôǮѹԼòŬ񹬣ĸסĺܽ񹬵׬Ǯ·֮󣬹һɢԸȲĿʼðͷˡ
ͷβûҪưһͳʲôġ
ԨڵĽһʱЩź
ǣҲҪһµһʲôͷǡ
ͬҲúο
̫ˣҹȻڻǱᡣ
Ƕٻеİˡ


147 
Ŭŵӣ׬ӵԼֻһ겻
ϸ룬ȹΪĵһӡ
ܹôһֱƽ޲ôܹﵽеĿأ
Ԩڵĳһֱڱ۲죬û˱Ǹ񹬵һôĵطˡ
˵ѡԨΪԼʦ֮Ҳȷľô񹬾ȫȫ
ѡΪԼʦţһλ֮Ľѡ
һ֮񹬾͸µŹ档
е֣ͣŵȫҪиǿȵѵ
ʮʱ򣬱ǿΪŵӡ
֮˵ǿУΪǸʱֱʦֵΧű⣬ŵֻĴӴܣСġľײĳλϣǸϻײ˺ü
ȻƽʱʱʶڿԼչ¶书ڹֶƭ˵ġ񣬾񹬵ĳҲһӰ춼ûСڣΪԼĵӣҪܾҲܡ
Ϊϲֻһˣܶ񹬵ڡ
ҵܾС˵ǲӣ˵ǲ񹬷һ֣ܹǵġһȻϺĵȥмˣעԡ
ֻܴӦ
һΪŵӣҪôƽƽȥͲˡ
Ϊ𽥷񹬵ĲԾ
ȥֱĵ֮⣬񹬻ĴЩʲĹ¶Ǿۼһر书ûнģҪ񹬣ԶҲܻ
ʱҲˣҲʼʶԼ书ûԼôڴʦϰսʱԼδػʦ֣ôҲܴһƽ֡
ʦΪĵӣСѧĶ书ɹԽڣ书һĶȴֻԼ͵ܵ˻ܴﵽľ磬Ѿ÷˼ˡ
֮УŻǺܶġ
츳֮⣬ڹķŹѡҲͬӰ쵽һϰ֮˵书ߵ͡
ҸոճΪŵӵʱ򣬻ģÿ»ؼҵʱҲܺ͸ĸܵ˵˵ЦЦϲǡ
𽥵ģҾ͸о˳
ŵǣǵ书ƺʮ֮졣
ٶȣԶԶ˳
ÿ̭֮߳󣬾ôһЩŵӿʼ˷
ҺǲӦ
ֻѣΪʲôЩҪôȸ͡ЩȻʺ书ڱķҪЩϰ֮ǿĶࡣ
ȻǸΪӣûȥֺԼʦԶԶıܿҲȻŵӣʵȴѾԵˡܶŵӶһ档
Ǽ͵͵кøеɣ˽ﰵʾңúõȥֺԼʦȥѧһڹŲڱ̭
ʦãңҲƭġǱϵ书ϳ񹬣ҲԾԲҪŵӵѡ֮б̭ô˵Сʦ֣Ҳұ׹Ρ
ҪǣλСʦֻСӡ
Ȼ˵ĸֻһλܳ檣ϾһɵλҲߡ
˵񹬴ΪѡһŵĶŮΪӡ
Сʦ֣ҾʵڲУұ̭ҲûйϵĻش
йϵġСʦֿЦҵ۾飬һֱĽ㣬㸸ĸͥҸҶ˵ɵ֪һͨ͸ˣҲϲĵطң֪书ܸߣǲţһ͵͵ĸǣȥЩ̭ߵ³ɣֻҪСı𱻷֡
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Ŀֲ֮ҵǰչ
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Ϊһ̭ˣǱҪ³
ˣҵĸĸ͵ܵô죿
֮ǰЩ̾ͱһɶϾֻһʮŮ䲻ķҪܣܹģ
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˵Ϊ˾ţ˼أԲŻĽĲҪúϢòԼſ飬ܸõĻָ
ﻹʹϸѯʣһȴŵҵĴǰԼĵġ
ԭԼȴΪĸܣ
ǰҷһɢˣԼ棬Լһ֮ҾͿʼøŬ⵽ôһ顣
ŬǲǾֻܿŶԷˣ
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Сһң
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ҲʮˣкͶԿʼ࿴ˣҽǴȥĻ
һֱڶǣ񹬵ˡΪһЩɳƣСһ֪ܴһЩԡ
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ҲûңǻһֱǡҵЩѹΪұֵƽƽǰȫȴû뵽ұֵԽûüֵǾԽǻ۸š
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һʦǹĲȴһֱڽ̽ԼųԼǰҪ˷ѣŮȡҵҲòϽҪ׸ıԼǰķС
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Ǳޣұ򵥣ܺÿơ
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;ܾСˡһ˿ˣǿɽɣеˡ
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149 
ûҽУԶԶҾѾ˴
Сһ㵽ʱ󡣡Ҳʱתߡ⽭ϵҽǸΣְҵ׾ĪĳɱС
һ˵ͷҲҪ⼸֮书׵ʲôĳ̶ȡ
ҼӿٶȣܿͱһҽڵԺ
ʮںԺҽԴ
ҽȵٹѾкЩˣǿڵֿ֮ҲŸҩĵζϻвٶЫӡ򼡢֮֩ĳĴУΪǵֿЩĺˡ
ò˵ôЩװӦԽϾĳˡ
Щ˵书ʵ̫ߣÿһһֵˮ׼ĬЩôǵĶ֣Щҩӳ֣ǿѾɱһաˣҲֲ˶ˣ಻һʱ䣬ЩҽȵĴǾҪˡ
СһվáұһЩ˷ӦѾȥ
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ƺѾеĽΪһ壬֮֮
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ȻҵĿ⻹ûжͣһۡ
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⣬ʧˡ
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150 
첻㣬ױ˲塣ֻ֮ȴ޸֮ٹϸĽһһ飬ǵóôһ˵ֵܹڣ־ʵǡ
Ҫ˵ʲôһ۵ô˹ٹҲʶı첻˵ˡ
һÿκҩ֮ضмĸãΪЩҩҩǿֻܲȱٵԪʹ࣬һ˿Գܵģһȴƺʹһ˿û¶
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Ӧÿһ䣬ǽô
Ҳ֪ʲôĸĸĳ˳ڵһԶŮ
ʱٹﵹǶܶ˸Ĺ۲١
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ѵûʲôİ취ҵܹܵһЩԱżѯʵôô
С룬˵ҽȲ֮أһ׾룬ֻʦҲŻᡣΪʩžŰʮһ죬ʹɲȡ
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ʲôҲʾӦҪʲô飬˵ˡ

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ȥɣǻúչܵܵġ
һһԼҪ񹬣Ǿɲˡ
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ԣûʲôš
ƫƫ׽ǰʮѾ˳µӣǰʮУֻýԼ书һ¥ҪúôĦᡣƫƫҲֻʮУĽԾɲö֪
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Ҫ˽һͺˣش˭ܹ赲أ
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ҪϢˣҲҪ𲻴Ӧ
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151 
֪ԼֻȥʹøҩѣڲѾֵòˡ
ҲǰСһһ׽ûʲô£֪ôһ׽㽫񹬸Ūûˣ
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ҵȵ𣬿һȴȲ
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Ҳôġ
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֪ҲòҡҡͷѾҵЩгĺ˵ϢΪҵܵƣҺܿͻὫǷϵ书Ȼ͵ҽȥ
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ȻõģΪʲôҪȥأΪЩİˣȴȥһΪԼôҲã͢ҲãЩ˲ǰˣΪʲôƶ񣬴ͬˡ
˲ƽôЩ£ү߹٣ҲҪŽ˵ȥԸԼУȥȨô
˭ֻ˭߹أ
ֻǣһȴҲԿҵЦˡ
ҽǱ߲˹ҽΣҲ⣬ԼѾԸһβˡ
ѾĵȨһ˵һͳҾͿԽҲӹˡʱһԲ˭Ҳֹǡ
˵ֻҪܹ뷨һ͸ǿܵġ
ǿԼȥÿҹﻹ͵͵ĸΪơ
һҹһΡ
Ҳӡ
ңǸϽļһ


152 
һμѾ˴롣
ǵõεһǣҲӦûӡ
һһֻĸʱ
Ļǹˣֻôһ仰Ѿѹ¡
ֻĸʱô
Գԡ
˵ʵЩڲ̣ױȵ츳ȴûиӦļûиػڶ̶̶ʮĺָӽļǱ֮ġͺƽӣǽеļѶѹһϡ
뵽һ𽥱üᶨ
ұӣǱߵģҪȨֻǵûаȫжѡ
ԼòױĶֻᱻ˶ߣԼ֪޾ľͱв»ʧȥ
һ֪ÿҹԼڹʲôĵȷȷоڲϱáҽ֮ǰα겻αͬתá
书ԲĬĬ书Լûɶ˺ĻҺαÿҹ͵͵ĺ˵
˵ףΪ书˳˺ԼӶЧ
ҿΪ书ȻҲܼôƽĿȥ
Ӧúһ֡
һ߳ţѾв񹬵ĵӭ
ӣҪô
Ҫȥҡ
õġ񹬵ȫûжʣ̾Ͱź˽ӽһ͵ȥµ˶֪ңһܹĻǵһһԼҲԲõӺù
񹬣ֻһԲֱͨȥңҾԲ
һرġ
һ㲻񹬵ֵ֪˶֪
Ϊһʵ̫ҪҲһչʾһĳһһıߣֻҪһţûһһ෴Ψһһܹвҵһٺòʶÿ˶һܺá
˶Լķʽ֤һھİȫ
ķѾ˼ңһҲֻĬĬĺ⡣
һĽӺܿ͵񹬵ǰ
żѾ£ԼҲ˾Ӷߣһ˴ŹʣֻеҪʱŲŻ겻ɢĳ֣ͼұһϸ񹬽Ӱˡ
ڴ
շ˼ɣһʿָ͢˼˰ս˴͢ķҲڲӡȵһͳ֮˵Ȩﵽ۷壬Ϊ˶Ĵڡ
ɼʹˣüͷ֡
ȻѾ˱Ͼ˶Էʱ
Сһôˣͣ±ʣ̧ͷһЩҩŹ
ءһҡҡͷֱߵڵλãɻģһЦѾˡ
ҸƵĺгЧ
⼸һһĺתȻ˿ǺûӰ쵽ôȥһܺһˡ
ҿѾСͷһҲֳһĨǳǳЦȷ㿴ˣҲЩ⣬ĺЧ
ôһľشֵõġ
ڵҽȵǲٸСһṩҩСһҪǰʹӡҺѧˡľشȻСһҪȥˡ
Чÿҹڹôһָ˳þʲô书ÿһ죬ȥշЩɺ֮⣬ѾܾûпϢˡ
ôСһҪһȥôҲǲԣҽ͡
ң㲻ҪװɵһȵһҪԼƳô
ҵı䵭
ǱڱңұԼǲŬڻҪϵıв˭ҲˡĮشֻҪҳΪµһһͳûٸҶ˵һ֣ǸʱȻͿ԰ʱ򣬲Ǻһɽֻ֣Ǵŵһٻ󣬶ǿԵġ
Ŀôһֶһ䣬ĵǸʱ㻹ܻصô
ôҲһǺΪЩ߰Ķܣÿһγֻۣ㲻֪ôڵһͣҲﶼܻ֪Ѿжҵǵټôǻ˶ٹŽﲻϵתƣڲôĺ˵
֪һĿһۣΪ֪Ҳ㡣
뿴ұǰԽԽ޷԰Ρ
͵ﶼ뿴ġ
ұЮԽǽţԽܹһļͥ
ͺһԶĵƴȥΨһ
Щ˵ѹγûת޵ϣ
ΪǵĴڣҲòЩҪֵȴΪֻܿԼһΪҲϵӣһϢ
ѹҲͬ޴
ңʵı׷ɱһֻһ̶Ƭ̣ƤΪǶÿĵġڣǴԱɽ亣ζأҲӶζ
жݣվûж˵ʲôֻһȳȥҪɻ
һҲûһܸıҵ뷨ˡ
ڵĻҲʵֲ̫ˡ޳ͷϵĺˮңʧˣﻹҵõԼĵģһʼǾܵĻá
ֻǷ˵ĻȻԾôܡˣڻǻܰȹҲζŻʧܣǵĥûκЧġңҲǾô򵥵Ķȹһ
Ŀֲǽ˱Ƶ£ٿʱġ
úڣǲ׷Źǵġ
ʹˣҲҵĻƺֲһ㡣
ǰ⻹ǽʦүҲͬԵʡûʦүĴڣʧԼҪһԼĵĿɾˡ
ΪҵĵȽϲһɣĵǽʲôҲ˵á
հհգԺǼɡ
޳ǰ̾ٲҲԲܳ֡
ֻ̳ϣεȻҲпһλգ׾˻֮ġ
֮·Ӣۺ
һ֮һƺһÿ춼졣
ʱŻҺһЩҪ˵˵룻ʱʹʲôƾţһҪҺúõϼأ񹬵ĵǱһ¸裬ݸǿ
ĽԺּõ˼¡
ԼһҲͰˣҪһܡ
ҪǣʼƣǿҪÿԲܳĸʱһӶС
ÿҪ͵͵ʱ򣬶ᱻһ֣Ȼһ;ܾҹҸԼƣʲôˣƵҲòÿĸʱ书
Ϊ˵²ˣǺΪе˶һĪһĴͶҪǣԼĽˣȻôóԺȥңʱأ
Ҫ֪ҵĿֲ츳Ŭÿ춼
ÿֻĸʱЩ˸ʱиҵϣô
ֻ˵뷨õġ
ʵǲпġ
ҷǵû˶书˲һָ֮£о鶼ࡣ
һʼĲԸϣӦԣҲ͹˶̶̼ѡ
ͺһʼôġ
Ҳôô
˲֪޳ˡ
˵ÿĸʱԲʲôɥ־ǰһصõ;
ֻÿĸʱңǿġ
֪Ϊʲôǻеж
ҲǻصԺҲµĵǳʲôûˣʱӦеѡǸá


153 
ҽĸʱĹ֮ҵȤ
ɶҲɣҲĺУġ깦֮ȥСһԺ֣ĲоҪ࣬ͺҪһ
ƵĻһ㣬ΪԼôʱ䣬Լ书ӦûŶԣȴܸоԼ书ǵûͣͣǰĸˡ
Ϊʲôأ
Ҳ⡣
ΪСʱ¿ʼڣÿ˺˵ĶŬܻøõδֻŬܳԽЩǰҪԺǾɥ־Ƿķ
£뷨
۽һٸҲоʮŸ뷨
˿״̬ȫԾĹ
߰տʼСӣʱ䶼ⳤˡ
ϸѯʹһΪʲôҪĸʱһԼҲ˵μģԼģĸʱոպá
һʮʱĸʱĸʱϢʣµĸʱȥɡһ˵ⷬʱܾЩʶ֮УôҲ벻Լʲôʱ仰ġֻǾ⻰˵ĺеǰĳɾͲ˵ǲߣôô
á
ڣѾָǰӡ
һʵġ㹻ңңһֱһֱǸ㡣
Ȼ̫⣬ܹһͺˡЦʼջôһӰڣôȥҸһЩҪĶҲԸġ
е޷ѡʱϣܹԶѡԼһĬһĿ˵ûа취㣬ֻ㡣ȵҪʱ㲻Ҫң෴һܹңµĻǾɵʱ򡣡
㲻Ҫ˵Ļϵʮǿǲã̫ˣҲľصġ
һҪ˵ʲôȴСƳҵĺףһСذ׷
ң۽Ѿ˼˿·
ֻжʮѡ
룬֮ĥѡ
ûͬвҲа취Ÿĸɽ֡Լ̫޷ܳ;ֶ֮࣬ϲ˸ҩҲŻᴦơ
һƺָֻǰ˶ֻ֪ǱˡңλãܶѾɼһ˵־Ťתˡ
˳Ӧưˡ
ϱַѾãܻҪ϶Ϊһʱ򡣶ңʱӦ˶ġ㲻ңҲˡңܶСɷڴϱֺ϶Ψһģ޷ܵЩŴɣѾ㹻ĸȻϽԼöɳȥ
ġ˼ȡϵȻּɣ޲һܹĸһ㣬һһʱҪԼ͢ˣҷűֵЩͷȥܣĵܵЩӵǵİϷ̣
Ψһܵܡ෴ĸͶˣҺԶ¶˵ڣϵĵܱܵĸĸҪ
ܵĺòǽ˼Ҳ̾硣֮䣬ûôס
Ҳ˵ҪҹԹôܵ֡

ܵ岡ĺܣֲ书һĺӲࡣҪ֣ӲǲУֻõİ취

Һһ˶ڵű˳֡Ƕ֪״̬ǲһֱȥģƽҪŴƵġʱ˶ĬĲȥְܻˡ
֮ǰѹѵͻô
ȻˣһЩ
ʲôķ꣬ǽžˡ
֮ҽǲٹһЩ򣬴ҽȵļҴǰ񹬣ϣܹҽһطҽܹԶˡΪ⣬ҽԸ⽫ԼеҽϽͬ͢ʱԼļҴ͸񹬣ҲӦֶԹܸ浽ҽȵκһˡ
ҽڽһĴڣҪβˣپ뽭ϵˡżо룬Ҳ֮֡ˣǲҪΪϱ˵ķҲȻӲ˵Ҳܹ⡣
ҽȵܹ֮ҽ׹ǣʵЧЩţҲǾѰı͢ߺܿʹϢϣҺܹӮҽȵҪҽȵıõϣҲߣֻҪҽȵҽС
̫ҽԺǱߵĹԱѾұ˵˺þõˣʵҲøӡ
ҽҽܹԻ˵ҲǺ¡
ȻЩΣźͳ͢Ӧ˵£һҲö˵ʲôңҽȵٹǰҲȷǲæҲûеȥԣҲֻøŴӦ
ٹûеһʱȥңȥһ
ǴϣһȰңûյһĻ֮ǾֹͣһҩٶȻġ
һҲǼƽЩҽǱֵɣԼҲġ
һӣû뵽겻㿴ˣ֪ʲôҩЧٹǰ˵һãǾùŹֵġû˱һ壬ԷǿҪ;ƿݵģܲȥѾ챣ӣôתأ
һӣŷִԲ顣
ܹһ֮˻ָӣĪĺϢһ㣬ڲк޹֮˵ȥһô
뵽ٹɫͲѿ
Ҳ֪һҡҡͷ룬ҲǸ˺ܴĴҽҡ
һӲҹΪԾĹôһͳ֣ѵ͢ôȥôȵһͳ֮գ¾ҪɥʱˡٹȰ˵ʱ֣ͷǰ
ұκ˶Ҫ˾ôɽ֣ҪԿĲֻ񹬶ѡһҡҡͷԼҲȰ˵ңȰ˵ҽٹȰ˵ٲȻ¡
شкδȥã
ֻҪ书һӲðһʧȥ书ͻȺ֮һĿٹٹԱ֤뿪֮󣬲׷ɱô룬ʱҪԵľǽͳ͢˫׷ɱ˰ɡ
ǿʱµľƣ֮˯
ûһȨܹ͵ˡ
ٹΪ֪һ˵ģҲһ֡
һӣûа취úˡٹϸֳǸεıԲҽкܶ˶ץˣҲûа취
һֻ΢Цſ֪ԼҩҲûа취ȥ
ƺһҲȡ
ʱֱͺ֣񹬺ͳ͢ӦǵҪǿн͵ڶҺˡһһһ۵ĻشʵҵһҲѾ˺ܾˣΪһʮ꣬û뵽ҶҪʮˡ
ҵΪʲôļǵ췢ҵͷһСصİס


154 
һվˡ
ɵģҲѹ֡
һȺѹѹ˶۵һ𣬾һڵƶơ
ҽȵЮһǰʱ˶ûԵ̫ȡ
һʼǾʶĽ֡
ҪһȥԿǲܵġٴ츳Ҳֻ˶ѡҪǵҲûʲô·ѡ
СһһΪĶʮٿһĻҸ߿ԼҲСǡҿһ̲סЦСʱ˵ʮ꣬Ǹʱ˵ôҲҪʮꡣ
ʱҾͶʮˡһһЦݣܹڣҲѾܲˡҲÿͷȫףҲÿһҪ
ʶͷЩ˼
ΪԼĺܺá
ľش֮书ϵڸСһơЧԽԣҲζ书ԽǾҲ˵ԽԽ̡
źͳ͢뷨书ﵽ۷壬һͳ֮ͲΪľش书ԵʶˡʱǲٷĶʲôҲõʲôõֻû뵽ҾȻһ˵ʼɥ־һһͳ֮ǰôһоͰ׷ˡ
ҽȵʱֲЮһҲǸĵĽ
һʼǽ˾ֻӣһֱȥ
ҹҲǶ֡ʦʦǶЮ֣͢ŵǻһƬأҲὫһչˣһͳɺӦ뿪ǲӦٹͣԸټ˵ȥ
ǲӦôܵһʱ˳֣ĵĿȰ˵ܵϱ˾綾޽ҩضȫʬܵܵĽҩһҲȱȷţġľش黯ֻ书ԽãԽҲԽ߻ħһһضǴҡʱҽȻǵ֮ݿ󷢻ȣȻһͳĽȥ
֮ǰô˵ġٹ㶣˵ǣакΪһԡ
ҲΪ˺˵ġһЦһֱǱҵ˺Ұ
ٹЮһֽЩɣһȴûгû뿪뷨
ǰӣһĺܿġ
ԣѾûźˡ
һԸҪնҵļԣĴڱѾΪҵļҪɣԼ͵ʧ
Сһ㲻ôҵѾܹٹһ֮΢Ĵ򲢲óЩıƣ֪ԼƭѾٶСһˡ񹬵ţҲ޹ؽҪڶԸͬʱһ
ˣҾˣҲһġһҺһҡҡͷ书㻹ܻã
Ҳ֪
Ǿ;ܵĶһЩӰɡһ˵Ľ̸һֱûкúù㱻Һ͵۵̫ˡ
ǲۡҷ
һûٺȥǲۣ
ʵϣҲѾЩˡӵ˽죬ҲͬӲ죬ѵҪȵ֮һ˼ֲסȥô
Ҳˡ
ܻãԼܹġ
ܻãҲܾġ
ûиǵڶѡȨ
ңһܣԭҪ˵ġ룬һμٺ˵ɡܾãǻмʱġһЦǻʱ̫̣ҪþڵĻŲźá
á
һǻѪ
ʹѾϰˡֻǣѾϵһĶѡ
ҽȵˣҩŻҲѣΪʲôһͻᶾֻҪвûʱһھһͳĴƻ˲٣ҪҼһôʱ
ǿһ˵ŵģκζҩƽ⡭ٹæһԽԽľһȫһ˿ŵġ
һҩʯ飬ѾѾˡ
תͷҡ
ȴֻǴûж
Ǳ̼ô
ٹ̲סô뵽ΪʲôʱͻȻͱðӡңΪʲô
ΪʲôоЩ˺ҵľһӱôңԶվͬһطȴվͬһ
һصȥ
ҿ
ǣ˿̳ģȥŵıʹ֮⣬ԼԼĻһЩĶ
أ
Ҳ
һµһ̣ͺʲô˲ɶˡ
һ˲ʱ䣬ͻȻӳ
Χĺܣľͺֻʣһһ
ܹԼҲüһԽԽǳĺΧľʱ򡰻˹ȫü
ûзӦʱѾһжס˼صһ壬Ȼһ¶һı䡣
֡
룬ڷ£ΪԼȴôأ
תͷһԾȵҽٹܾģʮİͺûκһ
ң㡭
˵񹬵š
֣ôô
ҿǰЩֲ԰׵ͷӣƺ޷ԼǸ绽ϵһ𡣰ЩˣһһɫӰӣûԼ־Ҳֻµĸͷжѡ
綼ǻɵģѹ֡԰סȤûаɫʡ
ԭĵطҲӵô
Ҫǰ˵˵ôһܵܣٸЩõˣʱȻ嵭һУĿǰҪסҲǡ
ôţŸո߽һ͸оһĪѹ
žһ
˫ϥĹȥ
ͨ
ͨ
һһ˵ĵ岻ܿƵĹڵأֻʲôֲĶҵڻɢվ޷ֻ֣ڵϣ˿ķ
ֻƮƮɨһۣŵ۾˲ʧȥ˹ʣһûˣϢҲĪ
ˣ
ûж
ٹԺڷٵתֻܿǰͷðˣûа취̧ͷȥڵ״̬
п֮Ψһܹ뵽ľǡʦ
˵֮Уʦգ̤¶Уֱӿųɡ
ڣ״̬ô
ûѡˣĺܿ
ٹôһ仰ͲĻ˹ȥ
ȵѾԺˡ

޳ǲϵĸ
ѾҵϿʼһ㻺õı仯ֱ仯ȴǵ֪Ȼ֪ͬĻһ˲￴ƺ쳾ɣİ÷һ
ڵӣȴЩߡ
˵ûпƺ쳾ɣ糣һ㽫һᣬȻҵĸĸǶȹʱ⡣λƺҲѾϵĽֻ֣˵ڵҳȥûжŮһ֡
ͬΪλᡣ
ʼһֺ˷ѽ顣
ǻͬˣȻĿǰѡʲôǲͬѡܻһĽ֡
ЩǴ󸻴Щһƶϴе֪ΪΪ֮ȴǱǰߣȫûĿ꣬ҲҲԼδķ
֡
ûΪʦүȥֵģֱ֣ǰĪѾˡ
⵽ô£ǲǻʧˣҪҪźú˵˵ǰñķʽɽ٣
ٵȵȿ
Ҳʲôǲ֪ġ
ôãϵĵϣѾԽԽǿأ
Уô
ڣһô
ڳһǰôǰǾһʮ֮ңͺʮôҲ޷Խľ롣
һûʧܣѾɹˣ
ʲôʱʼģʲôʱʼȥϵĳʲôʱʼɹģ
ҵȴȫ׷ʲô顣
ѵǺ֮Ĳô
ҵĵʵ̫ˡ
˺ܶ·˺ܶˡ
ǵԼʲôʱָļ䣬Сһ¶ҩʱ򣬻ǿʼСʱʱֻĸʱ
˵ʵ
һֻ¶ޣڲ֪ͻָ˼䣬ѧ·Ҳѧȥ׷ѰԼĵ
ܳʱڣҶΪԼĵͶߵĵĸʱÿ춼ڹԼΪÿ춼ŬڽڵʱСһ˵ѾԼĵϡ֮һ·˳˳ˮҲûлɹԼĵǲľͶߵĵ
룬ʵĵһֱԺģͬԼһʵҲԺԼĵʲô
ֱһεĻ
ҲҸûʶԼĴ⣬ʶһٳĻѾСһһĨ飬ǰһжΪܹԼĵ
ͶߣӹһֱС
̹ſأ嵮ʼÿһ壬˵ͶߡŬΪΪȺŬ²ͬвͬǣַɫԱÿһΪԼŬ沢Ͷ˶ԱΪͶߡ
ͶߵȨҲͬ۵Ķ
һʼȫݣһһݣһܵݣ˫ݣһСʱơ
ÿһεĸģǰ̻ȡȨЩƵĲϱ仯͵ͬڴĲݻơ
˶ݵʱ򣬵ݾ
˶˫ݵô˫ݾ
ЩϢȨƵıʲôأ
ǰҴûһ㣬ҲûбҪȥ롣֮ǰĵгͨˡ
Ȼ⣬һεĻվ˴ķˮ
ЩĿ£òȥѯԼĵģ׷ĵ׶ʲô
Сһնϵģֵʲô
ҵԺһֱһѯ׷Ѱģʲô
ǸǾ
ûлش֮ǰͲɣΪԥã
߹ܶ·ѯʹܶˣǿԽ࣬Խ࣬Խĳء
ԭΪѾܲпᣬѹµ˼磬ĳΪһ˵ʱ򣬲֪ǵѡҪ١
ƼǻᷴϵƷɵƼǧѸٷչ
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ңĵǽʲô֮ϵģԺڲϵѯʡ
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ҪпԶһѡɡҪоУҪϢϢû˻ҵѡָָ㣬ֻҪҲвˣôҵɾӦġſڻشһǡĹ򣬿ǣ֮⣬ҵɡ
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ȫİ취Ȼûã
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ٵʮ꣬ûҵڶһɱ¾ʿȻӲͽˡ
Щ꣬Ҳ½½Ϲ۲ٸɱ¾ĽޣܿϧǼûܰĥ˵˶֮١ĻıѺѪ֮Уȴģħ޳Ϊһֻɱ¾Ĺ
˼ʮޣûܳɹǷ֮ҲЩˡȻûеӣǾûеӰɣҲɱ¾ĵͳˡ涼żʲô?ԭҲֻҪһԼͬĵӣһ۵ˡϾĮɽ磬ٻЩµˡ
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160 
Сһһ㶼ˡ
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ħ֪ƽĿɢķûг־ҲûгֹֻǵһԹߣĿķչɱ¾Ὣĳĳֻܹɱ¾ĽޣЩض˰ˡ
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Һʱ˵ҪյأſһϷҲ̬Ҳ⡣Ϊ棬ܸΣЩСǣԶǿġ
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֪ٵ涼ھĹ۲ңҪСﵽ׻߳һʲô·
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ܿܿ˵ǻὫԼİ𿴵ı컹ҪΪԼȹ˳˶Ĳ׳һʵʶڵǶԣǵĹѾݹһ֣ÿһʱֻƵݡ
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ⳡսҲǲģΪҲ͸ⳡ׻ʲôĽȴ˿ıֳΪҲ֪ⳡս޷ġʱϵԽãСһʤֻԽ͡
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