صС˵www.27txt.La ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

뽣
ߣ 
飺
żȻ֪͵һлµڻ
ΪΨһѵС뵱һ㣬ɵǷȫ󣬾ܰٿء
еķħ˾պڻǸڹɪɪ̣δᱻץȥҩŮٵա˼̤衢ֻŮһξ֣ӶϸҶŮ˵ľ֮·
ʵʵصһԹߡ
СħΨһͬ飬ιѪ֮ʱ㡣
ӵеһУ͵ǰ
Σ⻹ô̵ȥҽѽ
ͱ죡
ݱǩ  ȳ
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ˾պҶ  
һ仰飺뵱Ů˰
⣺Ըֿ


1 
ɫܰϸһֱ¸ͣǳź˿ķҡ
ֶĵҩ߳һİӣһ˲䣬ǡůƶɫϡ
̧ͷһ˫ʢһʮɫξС
Ǻʫ续ȴ͡
ˣﻹ쬵ġ
飬˵𣿡
ҾҪ¥ǸڵСһ飬ƳƤ
һ˵һ߲ڵŲƨɣΣԾôϰߣܾβƨɡ
ǰһ֧ԳΪ˽ıʡ
Ӻ
ˣʲᱳ
֮һϢеһ飬ڵҶۣǸŮй΢ڻҡ
ʥڱ֮У־ͷʧܻҷ𣬴Ӷңˡħ壬Щ˽縲
ΪʥŮΪѪϿɣ⵽ĸݺ磬ûþһ飬
ƳΪػģѰ˸ҪýָԴ齫ӵѪһѪպιߵһͷ¹¹Ρס
Ůڻңûء
֪ΪδҲ֪ڻ᲻Ϸˡ
ǵģʱɢѰ˱еĹҸɽһѾ˯Ի
ĳαչУһԼȻΣԪƣ߻˸ԸԼѪԵϵĵʱ߳ŭΪٴٲͼǿƴΪһʥ
һٹǿ
ԣΪŮôԸԼһʶԼϯ˸ãѾд˵ľ鲻棬ұȥǰɣ
ëսսض˶պˮд˸ǡ
̾˿ͳ׼õܣ۵޵Դ˵Ǿֻˡ
ʮַԵĲ˵ΪϢȫһĽָԴ飬˰ѪΪ˻˰¡
ܿɰ٣ڣȻҪСϣҪĥƸꡭ
һ뵽Щ棬ξ;ۣɿɰĿ޶ˡ
һӣݵ˵ȥɡ
ͼ޻һۣòķȹŮһأͱһε˸մݸ߳Ҷۡ
ǰ˼֡
Ҷ굤ո߳žͱһȹŮסȥ·
ȹŮͲݾ£ȡһĶףȻһ˫ɬ޹⣬˵ԣøС
Σ
޵õϵȵǳʯ˵ɬ޹⣿ҿϹŶԡ
žһ죬Բëһۣûϣŵõ˼īˮ˼ᡣ
ȹŮӵϲζ
սȥţͷҶ۵°ͣڴɨ߲ݣùɣ
ҶˮֽŮƿء
ֽӴŮɲǣԴѶϢڰѪѪȣպѪʱʧȥж
ҶͻƽڣȱһöƷ̺ԭø߽Ѫ񣬿ŵҶ΢΢һЦ˵ԭҲͬˣҸոùĲҩų

Ҷǣſ뿪һ̲һ̱ϡ
ٵ죬Ҿûκ·˼ףνľ˶𣿡
ͷ
αָߵֽȥشüֽ˰̧ϴյѧ޷ʲôܶ˲赹ˮá
Ǻãٽ𴲡һͷҲһס̽硣
ıΪѪͻԵûѧ֣ǰ˯һȫ̳̱Բš
죬˯㣬ۣߺһŻȼգ̵Ƥ죬ɫѪܸųһգʱʱĳѪݣʱҪըһ㡣
ұߣ·ѣ˪濴࣬Ȼʹ࣬Ҳұ١
ڵѪҺֿʼˣǸʱѪͿʼܣôЩ꣬Ūǧٿף޵ķѪƿأڵ֮ǰΪΪ΢ֱָų˾ת
Ѫϰֻÿʮɧһһʹÿ춼ۣһһۡ
죬ʮˡ
ϤսֿʼˣζЩ棬ﵽʲôݣѪ忹⡣
ҲĶǿߡ
ǿĻҲϢ˯һͷ
ۿ϶۵ģϰˣҧҧҲ̹ȥˡĿʱҲҪˣҲ˵۹ܰ˵ļһڵˣôһ룬ڵʹҲͱòôѰ
ȻڴʱͻȻزñˢˢ
ۣһ߿Ѫһ˵ûѽʲô£˵д
ֱպѪǰд֣Ƿ򣡡
ôˣһͨƫԶС򰡣ϵΪֻڵѾ׷Ĵˡ
λûӦ
һȥɽϲɲݣɽ죬õѪۺһ£㿴ħ˳ǣΪħ޻Ⲽ˻ع֮ŷִ˵س£ڳֻҵһڣĺ䡪˾պ
ξˣڴѪսڣһʩչ
ԪӤħӵ˳һ鲹ֻһʴʵֿȫģʱȵԵᵽֻǹ򣬲ûоϸڡ
ֻڷʱܶоӣΨһ֪ȫϸڵȻףûǰ֪ЩѶϢڶǲǲġ
ǲ
μѵҪֻҵ˾պ֮ˡ
ԪӤħɱ޲𹥻һָɽ׹䣬Сѹ÷顣
ָ©֮㣬ֻ˵ǻԵɺϣ˾պڵλǡһƷ֮Уֻʲôۡұס֮˾պϣʮа˾ܻ
ҡͷż⣺Ầ㣬ľˡ˾պµĹ
ǿ߳䣬ͷñĵظ
ʱҹ·϶ûˡ
òߵոտżξȫҲάֱ֣ӱһСΪ΢ԵʣǺצӶû˭ˣΪһƽƽСߡ
СŲøˡ
еΣһļ£֪ǸħѾ˸֡
빷ʮɣѾڶڵСк
þȫֱһ֦СкУδɿͼǻ˯еСкۣ¡
ͷ󺧣㲻ܽУȻʱ˿̣һ
ħ޵ʱûɱԭһŵôħע⣬ǾŹȱĳԭľǻᷢ仯ʱ򣬻ʲôҲԤϡ
û뵽ǣ˾պûУһЩСקСߡ
Σ
⶯ôеʳ
ţͼ˾պ׼һҧ¡
ǲһ졣
Ƥûƣ˾պˡ


2 
˾պ³˴ѪûСϸ·˼׸ôӺδ¿ڡ
ҲʱһӴţذѪɣȻשߡǽ׷£ܿͽû
αѾƣʱҲ޷֧ţ׻ȥٴʱ𾪵طԼԱ˾պ
СҧȻϷŽݺݵ
ѹ˯ʱ򶼾ԼȪˢӸˢˢģ̲סߺ˺ü
˸ɫ컵ΣԺǲģǸΨһ⣬Ѫܡ
жʵжпᣬ뵽Լ¶˾պĿˮξͺ޲õһƤ
ҪŭκȻоԡ
Ϊܲ˾պ뷨˿̣ڻ˯ܸоޱǿҵͷ
䡢ȥ
Σףж
ѲɶҼһδѳѪ
һֻˣѪѾƽȣѪѾΪλ䲻ȥ
ڼ鵽Լһϸϸ˿ڣСͨ˿˱ѪԵɺ֮½ϵ֮˶ˣȻСǩԼڵʵСӰ죬Ѿ͡
ҿûӡڣӦƽԼʱһ֡
Ȼ֮ʱַһ⡣
˾պδУʶޱȣӦκδ̼˿̽ɡ
ԭǰڱȽҪķɣˣȻע⵽һеףҲͻᷢ©֮㣬յ˵ùϸҲҶ۴ĺ󹬡Ȯһ鴩Ͻ紦ΪΪ
ɲҲü
뵽ֻʱΪ˵ס˾պĴתת˼ֻι
ֻܵأ˾պ˰ɡ
º󣬶һϢ˾պ
ھƶ£κ˵ѡǰڡ
ķոƳɹۣۡѪṩԼƵϣ겻ѡ
˾պǸԱպӣû˵һ仰Ҳֻж䡢
ܾãڵ˾պǸϡ
ΪޣֻʣһʲôΪҶۻῴ쳣û뵽Ҷ˼ûʳȻҲڹ˾պһҲͼ֡
һ·޻۴Ƽ䣬ܿͽһ£ڵִš
Ҷվͷ˾պָ֣ǰΡȺɽ˵ɽǱָûڵĻɽڣǧ֮κħ˶Ρ
˾պһֽϡ
ֻʣ˿ӳ˾պϣɵһľͷӡ˾պĽţĵǺ޲
ʲôħ֣£ֻһֻͨͨС߶ѡ
ڵĽ󣬲Ų˼ôʼˣ̼ǵǰϵİ
Ҷ۵Сеԣպɽлޣ޸岻ͬԱѱΪǵұۣ赣ġ
˾պĽŸʧۿɼķ
Σûκֻ֪ʳ
⻤ʳǲܹش飬йصľ飬㶼ҽ
дǰ¶̫Ҷбֵķաֻܸһʱ䡣
ǰ͸¶о飬൱ռԤ֮ע⣬һעʾֱӱĨɱķա
η˸ۣСҪá
ʱҶ˵ˡ
ȥ̨ԣͨܳΪڵĵӣͨĻһʼۡ۶ȥ̾˿ֻŵĸǳҸˡ
ľ˾պ̨͸ϻȥ񣬽ֱõСʦһԳСʦúͼʦֵһշ𣬵ȻʱһаֻʣСʦͱһ¹أٳ˵˾պڳ״ӣֱ״Ӳܽİ塣
齫һЩ޹ؽҪľд˳˾պ´μ׼ȷʱ䣬ʮ
ддʱ̨Ҳˡ
̨ھһСɽϣɽ¶ƽƽһƬıʯվ棬ɼˡ
ʯ̨Ա߰ӣֻ˸ǩͲһɫ԰ףº࣬ݸ׵ʿϴ˿ۣƤЦⲻЦصԭҶʦܡ
һΪزˡ
Ҷ۵ɣȻͻˡѰ˸ӣͷʦָʡ
˵ʱ΢΢⣬Ҷ۵ȥǱڴˡ˵Ҷ۲һֽ뿪ߣǸԵĵһ˵Сӣվ̨мȥ
˾պûӦ
ֺͷˣֱ˾պʯ̨һӣ˾պСൽоͺֻСС
䵽ʯʱ̵ʯƻһ̺˾պֱӳˮУöûðݡ
ζ޵Щ̫˽⣬ҲûȻ
֪˾պ϶ͨԣҲûҸ棬һĸ˾պһ³
˾պصΪģƬʯˮԱߵĵȻѾɵˣʯͨȻʡ
Ҿţ
ʯܿʧ˾պʪ͸سʯ̨ϣɫ԰ףɪɪ
Եĵӻ߹СûӦüͷڴܽԲڣע⵽˵󣬵硭
ǵɫһױãһص˭Ҷ۴ģѵơǩͲȡһǩҪӳԥһ£ֱвͨҶ𲻺úŪ
룬ִǩͲһǩ˾պϣۣʣǼСһ졣
ǩ˸˰˾պᱧ𣬰Ը͵Ժ¥
ǣ죬ֱӱڸ߲㿴е˾պ͵Ժ۵ӣĿһеһԤС˾պһǳҡ
ڷˮ˯ҡ
ܶңܰȥǣδһֻ۱һֻۣȵ˾պʶܹܽʱһϣ
˽˾պһԺ
ԺļᣬſڶһǩΪϣһΪ
ɫǼžҪһЩǩĵλǩҪߡ
˽ǩǼϣǩһȥűԼ򿪣˽ȥ˾պӽӣһ߰öڵϺŶرֱ뿪
ַˡ
Ϊһ㣬ﻹͣȻҪ˯ߣ˾պ̫䣬Ƹӣ˯òȣԸȥ˯
Ŵ
κһ˾պؽѾˣεġ
ͷֻܲϣ΢һů⣬ܡ
ΪԼ˯һЩҲǹŬˡ


3 ˻˻
ߺûãԺʹ˽Ų
͸顣
һСӽԺӡ
Сӹؿţڹ۲һٽ뷿䣬ɢĶһɨգֻ˾պ˿˵ľơ
鵣ĵѵɱ֡
ڣ㿴ֵ𣿡ֻǸĿͣԲὫԼٴξЩ
ֹһһһŮŮԼʮ꣬һɫȹ˫ƽ٣߸Դһֻʵοɰ
΢곤һЩ·ʱ벽˵λһĿȻ
ڿҵǩŮüˣվ˾պķ⣬ŵ˾պɨһۺôǸ
Сּ˰ɣŮĿתһϣǽյķţһҳԶʳ
̵ȥţҪѴͷóҶĲ
ŮΪصͷʦˡ
һЦʲôģҵʱãһָܰס
лʦ磬ңҶ֪ô졣
ɱƮƮȻĻŭŵص˶ٶ³ʱ򶼸㣬Ҫ˶ãͻ㣬ʱǿһŵӵˡ
β˾պ￴һϷͷ˵ʵҲ˵жϡ
ϵҪǿһЩȻŮΪҪߣеףΪҪŮĻ˶ԻˣӦþһࡪ򹷡
˵Щ˻ᱻǵԵߵȫʧʧȥΪ򹷣ΪˣҲ岻ܡ
ԭ򹷡
ȥˣơ
꣬ţ֪ڣ
һֱºݻ꣬еһֱһĳ㲻ǰɣ
ĻͿš
ҾĶҲȥ˵գ͵£˫ֱȭڳһ㲻Ҿ뿪ơ
ºֳֺõЦЦ˵ʦģҿ϶úýѵ
⼸䷿ſڶнƣţ˽ȥԺ۵ÿ춼񣬶겻һֱڣһ͵óŸɻˣѹ޷ڶڡ
϶ʱ䣬òѷ鵤ȫԹٿŰɣˣýš
һ죬Ӱ˯ߡӦĸ첲ů˵Եʣ˾պѾɿץסԸǽ΢΢ȵӡ
űߣͷһһ㶥šڽкɺѾʣ޼ֻܿˡ
ڴżϵ˲䣬οСӾڳ˳ŭһսһѣһȭһŵشܿ죬˫˲ʡ
ŮŷվһԣüͷԽԽ
ܿ죬ڵصһν˻
ɣ㾹ȻѾˣһֱʵ
Ƕ޵һ˿Ѫĭǣһ챻ŮˣתкʰûӡҾǣңٴСүŪǣ
ص˿˾պķ˹ʱǡýȫϣ֨ѽһ졣
ɣˣʯ͵ҩ
һЦҪб£Լȥ£һɡֵĶûûʯļһѽףһˣݺݵضһɣؿһôһԺģպǾˮˮǰ۶ӣִݻ
˵꣬Цһط䣬صعš
вɫѿرʣŸոͻƣ㵽㶼Ѿˣô򲻹
ɸͣ־͸һƣûõĶұ۸㶼ﲻæһһ߿ޣ̼¡
ŷ쿴ֵζˡ˵ô޵Ҳ
޿֡
ҵĴҲáæǸǱ飬۵òˡ
ͽжȸ״ҺѧһС
ĬȰãҲд
βٿҲ˯ˣ޵˾պԱߣǿΨһû˳ߵľơ
ľ˾պڵƣѪȥ
˾պϻе˿ڣҲ֪ǲʯ̨ײģξһ˿һĨͼľ΢΢⣬Ȼһ
ΪޣҲԿľеݡ
ȻɵˡľȻ¼Ź棬
ԭΪǸɣŹһʱŹ֣β͵ŸøҪǮŶ԰ɡ
ʦصǱģΪ͵Ϊߵĵǰ÷СһڵӲõʦ֣ôŹ棬һƷʯ
ײǸ߳Ϊʦ֣ʮƷʯԴƣǽʿһƷʯ
ԪӤʿڳϽ׶Σ˵Ļˣ˼ôȽŶԡȻ㹻ʯҲ
ŵӽֹ˽һ֣ԵɣȶƷʯһö˼Է֣ԽߣԽء˵ֻҪʯ㹻ɱͬŶС
۵ӣµǲ򶷣ֻһ˵޷ֱӵ޹źɽޣҲǸǼӲͣɽа죬ʮϢʱ䡣
˵ģֱϵ黨ʡ
һԿǸˮ룬ſµĵӶûʼ˲˶ν
ѹǶͻ˵Ҹа
ÿһŹ涼ʯйأĵѰʺõ˵ӻڣҲʯҶԸ⽫˾պԭ
ֻһ仰˵Ӳõ˾պҲûϣ˱߹û⣬ӵ̨뿪͵˾պ˸ײʣӵųԿ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱŻᱻϿУս״ӡ
ʮֺ棬ڱ֮ǰ˾պôȥأ
˵漣ˡ
ϣͿԼ֤һ漣
ôһ룬ζδֶ˼ڴ˴Ҵҵε˾պǰǡÿۡ
۾ܴ󣬺ʶֺ
ڿ˲䣬Ȼ⣬ɿֽסһ
Σ
Сѡ
ҧһԣ
һӣݺݵ˾պոճõ
˾պûҧˣС˼ںվָͷš
Ŵ򲻿վԭأһãֱʱβٴζĻ
ȥҳԵġ
ΣڻûΪľƿţűиۿûľƷŽȥһ¾ˡ
͹ϵΪͨ˵˺ü飬ԷҲ޷ӦԭվƬ̺󣬿ʼײš
ƫƫײûԼˤڵأżΪ
˵С
Ϊ֮ǰҶ۵Ļġ
ɤӣѹŵһھͷ˻˻
Ŷ
ֻ΢ΪСߣｲó˻˻˻˻Ѿܲˣ


4 
һ߲һڵдЦüǷ顣
κ˵ʲôЦģ
һӣд˸־ͣдҰӦòʶְɣ
Σ
Ӧãǿ϶
ԭôģϸһ£ξֵط֣ԭľû˰˾պţ
ԣһʹ
ôûסԼ֣ԣûסԼβ͡
ô죿
Ҫʲô˾պڷɡ
һʳû
֮£ֻεľԱߣſ콫ľƵźεſڣֱ壬ҪľƶǸۡ
κ߲š
ûָҲòˣֻβΪ֧ŵԭرQˣľȴ˵أκС̱ˣڵһš
βͼۣòѼⶼײͺ˰ɡ
δ㾫ٱʱȻһЦ
˾պԾɱŸȻȷЦǣԭֻж䣬Ц
һ̣˾պľƺһָľƣεԴŰľ̽ԵţûȫŽȥǿΣ·ʣǷŵ𣿡
æͷĸ첲ǰΣһֱε˾պϺͷľƣʾ˾պľƷŽȥ
˾պŰľƷŽȥֵһ죬֨ѽһ򿪡
ζʱһ£Ǹţûʯ粽УȻûԵȫб֤ȥһж˵׼ˡ
۵зõģǰһ¶ѳԷλһľϵʾеԥҪҪ˾պָ·
˾պ˼ʾͳһܣξط֣Ȼһû·ֱŵķá
߯ôǸѽ
ûʲôˡ˾պȥֱһɽֳǰ
ΪҪԵģ񵱳ݺݵһҧȥһû뵽˾պȻͦعأ۰Ͱ͵վֳǰ޴Լ½ǣȫһСؤ
ڷʳİɣҲǻˡ
ֳɨ˾պһۣʣģӴߡ
ǺЦһȱһݾƣΣ
ͷƤһ飬͸ʵʵشڷǿҪҪָ·ںˣˡ
˾պԼӣС߲صʵʵ
ֳҡҡͷˣСߺɽǣԼȥץǶݾƣСҲɣɱ˻ʯˡ
ͳ룬һ׺ͷһѪˮûɾ⣬ķ˸Ͻ
˾պӹϲ񣬻ֳһ
͵һץŴӣ˰ûԹֺƳԵĲʳɽ亣ζһ
ֳӿ⸱ˣЦСʶʳȻ಻УζǺüˣǿʣء
ⴿԿˣóǰЧһˡ
˾պ¾Ͱһ
̧ͷ۰Ͱ͵ؿֳǰǿڴ
ֳЦݸ۾ϵ⼷ֻʣϸ죺ԲҲȥιޣȻϲҾٸʢһ롣
˾պڶֳ꣬ӶĶһͨƣСòתɣôװɱˡ
룬ѪǿͿˣŲʳ
˵ľֻѣûʱ֣ͦһ߾¶ԣη裬䵽ֻ»ᱻԷ̳븹
ҪãҿܳԶ٣ҪǽһûԺԶٳԶ١ֳֺǺǵ˵꣬˾պһҲ˵ס
ڹַŶӣƳŵ߲
ܸоͦģҲû⣬˵ûֻе棬˾պʲôʣӾȻôװ
ֳ棬ҽǿۡ룬ӳһСӣС˳ҩˣʮҡ
Σ
˾պй֣еһ
Щԭﲢδдľ飬עİɡ
Ӧðɣ
ơζ˺ܾҲû׼˿Ҳֱʱŷ֣ʼûеӹ·ҲǴҴ뿪ͺǷãǳԷĵطǸ˵ĵط
κ֪룺ĪǿЦеӣʵǸǲˣĵӽ˵Ϊ̶Ѩѹҿ
ʱ˾պѾС̽ˣһӣһߣţԽԽͣϺס
˾պûһҲûᡣ
ܸоںʹ
Сʵĳúųʡ˾պոմӷǰڷԵĶʳݸƤȵȻ֮ʿ֪ж
ǻųãӵȵҩͺһɿ񱩵ӲعеһľѪ⣬붼ۡ
γѪĥûϰʹ
ۣһСӶ໽а졣ֻԹۣӣצҪðŵצצ(գ)ߡ
Ϊ˾պʹȥʱСӾȻվϿʲôʹɫֻ·ЩŹ֣ŵ˼󣬽ŵΪ๸һһ
ǰпôӣЪϢ
æҧӣôһҧѬ죬Щ³
˾պʼ๸ˣδϱĵϣɿΣһԶͣ£Ťͷһ˾պȻܶµظ˹ֻԶ
ôۣȴҧϣ
ʱ򣬻Ǵڷȫ
μ˾պ֪Ϻ󣬼ǰΣܿ죬ͻص˾պסԺӣ˴ſڡ
˾պߵźʱѱͳľƣſ߽ȥ˳ֹš
ݣ˾պͨһ£ʱһƺߣ⣬Ϣ
һ˫۾ɵͭζΪѾ۵ûȥ
Σ˻˻˻
߷˦һβͣ˵û°ɣſڳ˻˻˻
˾պЦˡ
ûȴЦεʶ
ΣЦ϶û¡
ؿһۻ˾պȥ˯Զ
øһ£ͱһ˫ָץסƱԷסλãȫѲá
ҲԼ𣿷˾պ
ҪһѬˡ
Σˡ
ص˻˻ɿҡ
˾պûӦ̧ͷٿʱС֪ʲôʱۣһΣĻȥˡ
ȻֱԣҲû֣קûһ϶ȫˡ


5 
μһӣֻɿһЩ
Լˣһٴ֮£ܻνг顣
ΣԳԭΣҡ
󾪣дֶ˿ݣҪ˰ɣ
ζݺݵв
ֻίίعǿŲʰԼ˾պȽԳʵ壬ʱҲָһһԾ
˾պٴ߬һ˲䣬ħצë˾պС
γ֣ûˮ
壬Ѫпˮ
ã³һϸϸˮҲ͹ȫʪôŶ
οŻлڰ˾պ룬ֻεߡ
Ӣ¾һ˹ȥ룺ɣ
㲻ϲ
ˮϴϴˢˢһҲУܱڻҪá
û뵽ǣԼ͵ˣ˾պûһͻȻ߬С
鿴ɵһ
Σ
ʲôͶ
棬̲ס쳤̾дҵʱǲǾϷݲûװӰôôô
Ұοòӻġ
ʣڿɲʧ飬ʵãȻֱ׽ˣҲûҪ˰ɣ
εһۣͬɿˣң
Ȼ˾պһֱ߬ҲûɿT_T
峿ʱԼٱʶǿĸӦޱΧظζҲ
˸ܣֱˡ
꣬˦˦βͣ˸ˮͼһˮͷ£˸ɸɾֱʱβŷΪˡ
תͷһ˾պ˯ȴһΪķˣֱӽ׵㡣
ĸʵҲԽ⿪һЩһ㣬ʩչüͽ׷ˡ
Ϊ֣ҲӦĲӣûָڣٴλΡ
Ȼ˾պΪˣʶӦǿŶԣŽûо˾պʶ
ʶһƬޣͺһڶоһ
һﵽǸʲô̥
ûȻѰ֮ͺñǵԼʶһϸߣ˴ʶһȻҲ˾պʶ޷⿪Ǹᡣ
նԼвֻͨҪỹڣͻͨʶ
˾պǸʲôⰡ顣
һĶȻ󶶶£ʾԼûڵд޷ǰԤ档
̫ܵ˵
֮˾պǸɣܸҶʹӵ֡
ʲԲٹ˸Сֽ˴ɨ䣬ֳʶԼĴ﷨
ʶ̫ɴ򲻿Լκʶһղ˵˵ףָԾ˿
ͲôƷôߵս䣬ΪʶޣԼĽָ޷ͳֻܶһָĺöɵۡ
Сֽ˰طɨɾ󣬶ĶԴе֪롣ȻôĶֻӳȥ÷ָɾ¡
βְָӣ·ˣһͰˮҷ̡ﵹһ׵Ĺư裬СֽǰľͰ˾պ·ӽȥǲƾձˮֻƵľͨԵſţľͰˮ
ոýָ˷ѵò࣬ˮ޷ʩչֻѪܣͳˡ
ϸ³ˮҲֻСĴָϸ˰죬ҲֻװСͰ
Ŭˮʱӵ˾պͻȻۣһֻܾСһһвĵͺ
̧ͷˮСߣ˾պϵ׶ʧһ̣ͷչϣˮ
Σ
ֱµˮеΪҲ
ǶԷǸСƨζеϾ죬С޺ϷͰˮ
һˮҲǣҲǣԼǺÿԣһСģֱӵ˻ǵϴˮ
α˾պٴץ޿ţֻʣһͷ˫
˻~ܣ
òϴ裬
֪ǲ˾պΪ˵ԵʣԵ鶯һЩ沿Ҳûô壬óգۣҲܺɵؿεʾ
ľƣεͷ̸ŵͷľƷڰ۴Ŵ򿪣վŵĿ˺˾պһ˲
ʶ˰벽ָסСߵĶ̶̼γϰߡ
˷ƽûһշתе}ˡ
ڴճʱһ̳ţǰȡ۵ӷȥӦĹ´ȡ񡣡һӣ˵ӣ
ʯֻܱ̣˵գֱһ˦˾պ޿ɱܣӲһޡ
һ޺ûʹÿõ·һְۣӵĵطֻһֻۣĨ£ƹǰߡ
ߵķ򣬺ԾǷá
Σ
Сֻų԰Ƿõĳʮа˾Ųɶöأ
ǡʱһֳ˾պǰʶ֣ɸ֪£ÿɺȥöʶ֡
ƷײߣԻȫƺõģڵĵӻкܶ඼ʶ֣Ŵпǵһŵ˸á
û뵽ĵӣʶ֣˵ǸСưأ
ʱ˾պҪô½
УЩģԽ࣬ԽӰԭӶ⣬ΪԼ־Ե侲ΰԼ˸ᡣ
Ť˺üȦξֵط֣Ȼ˸Լⲻᣡ
Σ˻˻˻ҽ⿪ҪϢ
˾պһͣƺܺ棬Ϊβϵ߻ͻȻɺһ硣
Σ˻˻˻㻹Ұ
˾պͷβִ˸ᣬʹ߳ų˸
첽˷á
ΣСҳ㰡
շˣӳʦиݸ߸Ͷڿһ˾·Ρ
Ӵɫۣ׺˿壬ϵΪɫִֿһŹŹµװ˵ݸ߸Ǹ۵Ź¡
ΪɫΪŹ¡ΪࡢΪ̡ΪȡԽľˮ
ϵľҪ֣ΪıǣͷϵɫĨ˵ڵɱǿޱȡ
λ֮ϵľЩ̫ϳˣŹûϸдֻ˵ڽرչأǹϵĴ²׳ء
˾պȥ´ҲײֱܵĿǰ


6 Բ
ӴСڿɲǷ㣬ȥƹ˰ɣֳӱɨһˣȵ˾պʱĿסһˣ
ڳԶ˵̫еʳ˳ЩվбǰĻƹ·ϣǻƹԱûص㣬ʲôôСֵģ϶һһէƢɶʱܸĸģ
ֳбһۣСģԷʱδţҲ͸ո̨ϣ΢жѡ
ƹһҲһ˲ͳһ˲ᣬɿ췭˷ʵնľȥģ¼ϻʾǷˣľһӲ۰ɣ
˵ӵΪйأľһ޵ܰѷ˳Ƥĵӣˡ
ƹµˣԸáˣʲô֣
ʵĵط¼֣ڲ·ʱŻǼ֣˾պֲ˵ʶڳΣû֪׽ʲô
˾պ۰Ͱ͵ؿӣ׼ȷ˵ǿǰ档
ŵС⣬˵˭ģ
ƹ¶˲᣺ŵҶ۴ģԪӤħµΨһڣ֮ȥ¼װףӦ˴ٲųֵ֢״ţָܻѲк󸣣Ҫ֪УʡʯԵȣҲҪ
ˣȻˣȡ֣ͽС
죺˻˻·ֱˣ
Ծǣ˾պҲ죬ѵطһ˿˻
Σѧ˵
룬˵òû˽̹ɣ
ѷһЦ˻ͽ˾պɡø첲ⶥһߵĻƹ£Ҳ񣬾Ҹɻҡ
ѷһתϵĿ裬ƤЦⲻЦ˵Բˡ
һ𾪣ҲԣȻǿѾȷ˵֣ġ
ƹû̴Ӧ˾պϸһ֣ĸ첲򡢲һͨСӦĺһҹͻ㣬Ҳ֪ôԺϱš
ƹõ괫֮ʶǿȲߣýҲһ䣬½
ҪǱͻţǾ˴仯ʱܸҶٴ棬ǾΣˡ
ѷŵôģѾˣүİš˵⣬ʺʲôãֵһӶɡ
˵ʱѷŲͷųһѹοϵĹư趼û졣
ƹ̾˿˵㰡㡭˾պ˾պľù
˾պɵվŲ
ѷ˵ľùзԣæľóݵ˻ƹС
ƹ½ӹľƺͷѶϢóһɫ·һŵ裬һСԼһʯ
ЩͬԺĵߣһҹͻҲЩʯ͵ٷһݣԺÿ³ڲʯ͵裬ĪҪˡ
Ѷ˾պ󣬻ƹְľ˦ѷС
ӽӹľƺһ㣬ͼľ϶һɫĻ棬ˣԺÿճʱãúøСһľƻ˾պʱ˳ͳһɫŹֵĺŵ˾պǰңԵĹܹ
˾պǰץ·ﶼˣ˫ɿس
ѷţɣʺ
ƹ´һ˵ŵ

ѷſ϶ûģȻ˿̵˾պֻںǰһڳԵģ˵ܳԱҸ
˾պܲ
ԼЦͺڰ۵ͯЦ䲻һðеˡ
ֻˣ˾պû飬һС˴ͣξȻûʱԷ˳ȥһӽ˻ʣһˮˮĴ
ؼڵλ˸ѹ˼Ȧմ
Σ˻˻˻Ҹƴˣ쵰
ƫƫ˾պԣ˻˻ԣ
ҳͷŶ
Ӵɵɵ˻֪ιߣô£᣿ѷԽԽֺǣ˵СҲ˵ôӲãȻԼᣬ⿪
˵գֳ̧צֱӽθץ˳лߡǺڼߣ
μ䵽ɲǣ˾պ͵ǰһˣѸײڶ֮ƽ˻ݵһֻСӡ
غ˾պصĺ׺ݵسѷ
ѷ˲̧һߣĹ˻㡣һֱ߳ӽ˾պߵ˴ſڣˤżϡ
һԲŵķߣ˾պѷŹѵŲ
Ҳ˻˻ؽУѷŰ˸ˡ
ʱƹ¿˿ڣСӸոպżϣ˼ǣ㲻ҪԲˣٴûˡ
ѷͣ½ŲŭʧЦݵ˵öԣôõӲܴˣôء
ͷˣû˾պһӣȥˣ׼ʱ
˾պԳԵĶִţǾܳԵĶǺöûôԥ㽫Ӽֱԭ˼ѵһ·ͷһţһȳһյߡ
˾պǻۣҵʳ󲻹̵ܶԼģ͵ûصغãԱʹԼסᣬֻʱ۵ӳɻʱ䣬һ·ȥ˲ˡ
ҶҴҸ·Ľ̸ֱڴһƬʱڵɻ̧ͷƼι¥Ǹģ
˾պۣ󱳴Ѫһصȫ˽
ʵϣ֪ܶԼסԺӽв¥
ԾӣһתֱʩչһˮϵһˮҲͷ˿ôϸ
붼û룬ֱ˿ĭӣ˲佫׼˾պ沿ˮɢ
ΣСѾͷ۶ͦڰǰˮˮʱ㶼ûء


7 
һ˾պѹûע⣬ֻͷǰ壬ȻصӲŷ̱˵ϡ
Ҳ֪Ӹ˸ʲô˾պϵûѪˣȣһô£һֻ̡
Լûʲô˽⣬Ա߹۲һͻȻʲô麰ôˣ
飬ʶ㱡Ҳ͸¶о飬˵˵ʲôǵ裬֪кãǲж
鶶˶ԸдǽʲôһЩҩݰһţԵ̫û浽ʲô֢״ë˾պˢˢдģˡ
ΣʵܶҲ֪£㶼֪飬൱İ
Щִٲڵ϶Ȧ
κ֪ԭȷʹ÷ʽ
ǰֻԭ飬ûı¾ǶƬﶼʮϤΪѪ֮Եʣ綼һ֪
޵ѪԴ츳Щ򵥵޷ȥЩŵӵѧ͵ѧģ
飬Ȼδѹ
оεӣǿнͣڵдʵԽǿԽע⣬㰲ĵسԺûκӰˣҶ
Σ
ҽ⿪ᣬҲ㣡
һʱβ˳⿪ᣬϴ裬ÿһƬϸ۶ëϸˢɾˣԾֻܲƣ⡣
ΣΪʲôôŪ鷳꣬޲Լȡ˵ӣеһۡ
֮ǰúõģôͻȻˣɫȻëʣëˢôˢθˣԾŤգֻ˻˻˻ܿУ߿߿ˢˣ
ˢȥҪ̲ס߳ˡ
ߣ۶⣬Ѫһֱ
ϸ۲һȥһСֽɨߵĲƮ˾պߣɨ¡
صǰд֮ǰѷŸһζݡ
̵زȣʣʲô
ܶĻɿдܴٽֳĲҩ
һѾȻ˯˾պôû£
дԭһ̫СڶôΪҩҩԷҪ󣬶ڷɡ
иԭûд
Ϊ壬ǵѪûһôо仰Уӣͬ
ʲôƷ֣µȥ֣
ȫΨһһ⣬ˡ
һʱԶԡ
һȺʶѾеģˣ֪ʲôʱԸε˾պߣز첲ϡ
˾պĸ첲̫һ飬Լ˾պʱһɸߣغڻش£Լڴ˸ᣬͿԱڻجج£ٴγ˾պ£Ͼֺܱ
Ūʲôʣ
Σֲޣ˾պǸ̰
鰵²ۡôͲˣ
̣ݰް˰ˣ
ңء
ѵʱԼͷϡ
»·˵ɫ˾պµõ۵ӷ
˾պѾ£վڴλ⿴ûҰѴƿֻһָϸ죬͵Եùģһͺзʡ
ţΰͷ֧Ҳʱͼ˾պͻȻͷҲվֱ
ˡ
ȥʡΪ׺˾պߴʮ磬ϣʮɡ
һϣĹ·һΣɢīȻ˫磬⸱ģ΢΢㱣ǰǡݾ¡֬һʱԷֱŮСˣ˾պ
ͼգۣᣬʶؿڣӶˣûŶûצצ
ŵʣԭ˾պŮ
дĪ棬䳤࿡ȴ̫ᣬҲʮȱ֮
Ŷеġ
ɢͷѱŮͬԺǸúÿ١
룬˾պϣͷȼС
ûҺÿ
ûҴҲûϸô˾պģҲûҿ
˿ΣζҪգͼĴ۾ϧߣֻܽذͷ˻˻ͷ
˾պ첽ߵߣСزֱϡ
һڴԼһ˿ŸУһﵽڳɶ
˾պպöڴ
˾պڰѴӿôСôֻ۶
϶Сһ͵ÿסˡ
ԭԺ˸ӣкüΧ֡
⼸Ϊ͵ҲĲ㣬һǱסԺСӶ꣬һǸŮޣӦʮ߰ˣڷ˸ӣѱӲڲϣơ
ܿ㣬ˣε񣬻ͷƽչˣŮƺһó׼õһӷŵŮǰ¾ʲ
Ÿб°ȻŪ⣡
ǺһЦöѣ֪һֱ޹ȵײˣŵʦּұֲҵġ
˿Сӵ۾ֱˣһæܿʦ㣬Ͻԣֻ߲ȱһߣȥͻƣ
ܿЦˣ˵Ǿͽ㼪ԡ
Щ⣬ôǻ쵰ʦƫƫ˿̲÷ֻܰԼһʡ
οģתͷһ˾պˮϹžϸĿ
˾պûˣ飺ܿȷͻ˰ɣ˵᲻ף
дᣡ
ڴϷɿдֵһƬ۵䶼ʮ壬ܿǿӸߴΪߵ·ӣҪѪȻ࣬Ʒ׶Щͽʿ˵ˣȻΪṩ㹻Ѫƾ
Сֿ۾ۣʣʲôʱ˵
ñʼָ˾պʣʲôʱܸ˵
̵ȻԼѹҵʵǣŵĲ˵ҵ΢ʶĻֱ
ǿʶģͬÿڣҲܽԼݸ飬Ȼʶ˫ԪҪ˾պʶûٳСû취ֱʶġ
ߣдҲ
ϢһͣݵذԼ˺üȦɶбð


8 Ĺ
ǡʱǸʳܿͷðһɺţۿɼһȦվһȺŮһˡֱۼ𣬷·һ̾Ҫ·ơ
ͻƳɹֱӽ߲㡣
˫Ŀյܿʱﾫ˾պķ򣬡ӴôôãҲк
¥绹ͦι̣κ˾պԸ˴͵ܿΪǾĿĺʱȻͷĴڡ
ϽսСû壬ųŲ˼졣
ܿҡҡͷôܣˡ˵꣬ЦЦһ㣬ǵʲôԵһһ°ɡ
ڶҲܿأһֱΪʵһ֣֮ˣܸŴĻرˣǻһЩҩȵȻԵȴ˵ĵӷ֡
Щ꣬ʱеӵõԵʵǣЩԵҵòˣѾܾû˵˭ˡ
Щ۵ӽѣʵϣһ㵽㣬һƷ鵤ܽȻһƷ鵤ҪһƷʯܹÿֻһƷʯƬʮƬܻһƷʯһƷʯһƷʯ
ˣ鵤ѹĴڡ
ԺＸ˶еۺ죬׷׺ģҪʦۣԺû˸۸ˣҲ˴ɽ˴ܿüëһҲ߲㣬Ҳǰ棬ЩʦʦȲֵһᡣ
ʦһ˳ܿĴָ
֣˾պ·ûûؽһֻ۾棬ߡ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥηЩʣˣǳִš
ܿһҲüͷŭȣ𣿻ʲô
ԸȥţвĻˣôǲܵģպ粽С
䣬ſˡ
ҲɵˣǰӸһߵˣǸСؤ
ǸŮӣ
ҫۣ״ɣĿˮǿĶܿƵ궯һ˲䣬ƺеˡ
˾պĿбӵߣûԺȺˣһȥܣӾڲ߲ˡǵÿ˵Ļʱȥʶ֡
иʵͷʶˣͿԱ
㣬㣬ȥĶŮޱţŵʵͺˣĿˣܿʦô졣
û뵽ǣܿȻЦǰԭôƯСʦãԺһ죬ʦ㡣
ЦֱЩˣ˾պŮ
ܿ˵ʱȥǣ˾պ֣˾պûʱͺʱһԾһֻݵıǰ˳ȥزͣһ·ɱգܳ⡣
Ժ
ͦƯһСˣôֻ޵ʲôĪǣŻийصĲɣ
ܿԴЦﺮâһţֵƯŮܹһЩûϵ֪ţƯɻȥǵҸÿɽС
ʦ˵ǡ
ܿ㣬϶Щϲֵ֪ʯ

˾պҷôӲ·þеãˡ
һػ˼κοȥϱĵϣǰ·
ûƣȥҲҪʯ
ڲûʿʶ֣һС䣬ÿﶼֻһһΣϷ˼ʯ
һʯͷڴ˳ƣġӯ꾣šնء꣬ʱҲһɫָ֣ϡ
˾պûʵʵϣóӷ磬ӰῪԼ굽ӵãϵʯͷ˵ϡɫҲһһ¶棬˾պָڵддЩһһ
ξģһȦûҵλã뻹˾պ·꣬ԭλ˾պ½󴦣Ͼһֱڶ˯̫ȡ
˾պһץסϸϸؽһȦȦԸϡ
͵Ｘζȥξͻΰɣ͵ǧˡ
λûãξеԺˣʱһɾͻȻԺ֣ƣġȴʯߵһֵײʱĴ죬һ΢΢ɱ֮С

Ѳ˾պСưͿ˵ˣΰͷ̧Ϳ˾պǱŸ촽һߡ
춼ûţȻƣַӦ˾պ
ֻ֪䡢ʹڶһǾǡǧġ
˾պǧģССһ£̱˻ȥСĸ첲ͦůͣ·Ҳ֮ǰ֮һһһظκܿͳ˯˹ȥʱڵı񶼽ˡ
üһ˾պȻһҹ
ӵȥʯͷ°ڻ棬Ҳϻԭλֱõķȥȵ˷ãǳʱ
췹ûţ˾պȥʱſվ˸ˡ
ȡƿ֮ת·ûдŽ룬һȦһСľš
һȥ˾Ͷһͷ˾պȳԣԱ˲ɻ
ˣѷһģһ˾պͷ¿ʼͷԶĶŻһЩȻٶȺܿ죬ȴֶʳײˣԶʱŻЩĿ棬Ŷһϵ飬֪˲ɣ
ܿ죬˾պǰĴֻʣһͷ
һͷޱһ˿Ѻۡ
ܾᣬüм䶼˸С֡
ΣǳԲ˻զģ
ţͼ˾պ۾һգͷɿصֱͷϰ
ºۣʾοԡ
Σ
ҲͷŮʵ˺ɶѹҪԶӡ
Եô㣬ҾΪѡ
βǶҲǲǾ˾պ⻤ʳӷֵʳѵãһԸӣҪſڣͼ˾պְ˻ȥһҧȥҧ˸į
ǡʱ˾պٴ
˿˿ôСôϸ԰͹˰ɣ
˻˻ʲô˻˻СӸòȡ˸ֽ˻˻ɣ
ŽͲ
Ҫﲻ˦ͷͿ˾պͷһ룬ԼٵؽһԵһ룬ûеݹ
ٴ𣺡̫ˡ
ͷַȥһ룬ֻʣȭͷô
ͷЦǺǡ󷽣
̫ˣ˿˿ᱻҭסġͷٴСֻʣָ׸ô
͵ߵͷмζˮˣ׼أͼ˾պ˿˿ԣ˿˿
СڱʺγԡĹ


9 С
ݵصȥŵ޴һڵͷ
˾պһ˲ŵĴһǣȻеġûûĵ͵͵
һգ˾˹Ӹ˾պһڵĹƤ
Ĺë׺ںģƤմ࣬ŻйζҲʶʲôгʣʲô
鿴һۣдСӴ̼Ƥ򷢺΢ʳ֮ɢʹھٶ£ΪͣͲǰдֲһ䣬ֻʿЧ
ΣôƤĻ˾պֻꡣ
ֻñʼָָ졣
βͷ˵֪֪ˣֻ䰲عţҿ϶¡ֹͷ᲻÷֣ҹ˵գ˾պ꣬һ·굽ͣ£ϡ
˯ϣͷǣβͻΰεɨļιǣλûξñˡ
˾պöʾ˰СʼƤǸ֣ȴֺֿãһС꣬Ƥδϡ
һȣٶ۵Ŀ˾Ǹܵܡ
ĿƷױͲߣƵҲʮֲִڣֻܸЩɴĻϸһЩǶˡ
˾պһֱûͣҲûܣûһֱġ
δ˸Сʱ˾պǰѾõСϲͣ
˫ǺӣĶôѾֹʱܱѿ
˾պõСſʱǸѪڲѿˣɫŧˮһڣ˸ɫСˮһޡ
˾պüͷûһ£ˣͷҲֱֹСǲ֪ʹ𣿡
ʹʹأʹϣη˯ô˯ˣﶼ˾պ˫֣ѪŻ
ζҲƣδȥ͸͸۲Ĳøմ˾պ·ȥͱһŲסβ͡
εǲۣʥ֮Ůһ챻Сƨ۸
£ĲţŮ꣡
۵س˾պ˼ˮ˾պʶȥŵźȻ۾һ
Щˮϴַ֣棬ʾ߶µ
ˮģĨϣֶûôء
ԱдСʿ˵ԲСˮлá
̱죬Ӱ쵽ߣ˾պܵһ٣Ų
û뵽ǣ˾պѪץץס֮ͷߣβӡ
ΪǺðˮ
˾պˮǿε죬Լָͷ˽ȥ
˵죺Ұָ
֪ΪΣԺֵ︡ȴεĻ棬λһ£͵˦˼ͷǿµͷԺͷƣβס˾պָͷ޲ýָͷʶϣ
ԼԵʣİ˾պôֻĹĵŤһš
һһֱŤʱѷ߽Сƫ˾պòı仯Ȥһۺʶûһ䣬ֱӰĿڵõСϣϸ΢΢ף˵ò
˾պѷߡ
СƫȥǸʯĺԺԺǽﳤ˿ÿ˰ɫСϻһѣĴβСŷѰȥ˵졣
˾պðˣԣ
עԺмǿڴ鲻Խߵ˴Աߡ
ѷŹЦɲǳԵģǸģֵúãɺҸһƷʯԼҹǱȥԣԱɽ亣ζˡ˵꣬ѷֱʩչСֽ˾պൽУ°ȥ·ֱ˦˹
»Żͷҩˮ̵ˡ
˾պƴҪڣκһɾѹͺһɽһá
ѷ˵ʵţҰҩܴǵģڸв֪
˾պ﷢ͺѹסҧҪƴ֮ʱһ졣
εҩЧǴǴѷŷЦɫԵЩ񣬡ҩƵ軹ԶһܳΪʦһԣ
ףСӣСӣѷʩչǷɽҲתγһεĴɽֻһҲǧѹ˾պϣ˵ֻ˾պܶڣ˾պȻˡ
ͼҧأӦ̫ǶѪ
ѵ̧֣ԼѪģִĹϣŬض˼ָͷ
һٵ𣺡ʹȥ˾պ˿һΪʹŤؽҧס۾δȴﲻϵ˻𣺡ʹʹȥ
е¡һۺѹо̣˵ˡ
ѷһȻΪ˰߶Խ弫ޣһԴһã
ؿ˾պСƴΪң
һµϡ
˾պȻйȥڴڣ˶³
ֻҩԭյ˫ȴͻأնؿͷգϵıҲ𽥻ָƽЩʹ޷˺
֪ۡ
Ƭڰˮ
ǰһ档
裬С˾պվ¶꣬Ѿܵ￿ˮ䵽ϣʪ͵
̹ǣ
ҹһ꣬˿˾պпǿٴγĵףҲݸΡ
޿
Եɺϸһô죬Ҳһ˰ɡ
˼άеңתÿ죬Ѿ֧ӣѷ˻˻ͷ
Ͻдҫ۵Ľɫ֣嶯Թߣ㱾Ѿ˵ؼǣʵ嶯Ҳ򲻹
ڵϻһƤˣĿ֡
Σ
һӾͽθˡ
ףǺֲܲʹѷŵĿ翴һˡ
ѷűǰͷС߿ͷеë
ŭˣֱӶһʯͷҹȥݺݵصСʲôˣҾͰݾƣģȻĴһ
Ҳ֪ô£ʯͷʱͻȻ΢΢ļ£ָŶһ£ôľ붼ƫˡ
ʯͷûУҲûѷűȥץߣ֣С߾쳣Աһ㣬ֱӱĵԺӽ䣬쬵
ѷŹЦûôߡβСҶǣΪС߻ᱻȺȺѹû
ƼǺһؿ֦ѷЦһмСĵ˾պС㲻ٹרоŵꡣ


10 
˾պһЩ͹ĹǴ̣Ƥ
ѷɫˣôѵִˣĶˣ
ҴһҩץһѲҩҩǲҩˮڻҩȾѪɫ
˾պЩ͹ĹǴҲһڻˣǴ̳Ƶ˿ڲδʧҩ˿˽ȥƽѪⶼһ㡣
ˡ
۷ڶ˵ؽСԺľȼž졢ˮðݣܶкܶȴЩƱסճʧ
ţƬϢ
˾պȥ
ƵʣĶ𣿡
飺ᡣѷмἰǸӣԭнڴԲΪڶǿһУΪͻԪӤڸ߼۾һƷӤǵҩ⣬ӤʧܣΪ籬
µʦ٣λ˻ǸûеС˴̼ѷžһֱûɹԼԼ
ڡȫµЦһȺ߰ĵʦҲǼ꣬󹺵ҩҪࡣ
ˣҶչֳʱҲɱЦֹֻʵ֤Լ
ѷžһҶ۲Żڻҽɫǵ֮УЩϢ͸¶ע⡣
Ǿͺáһ˵˯ˣ
룬ѹ˾պԺ𱨣壬ᴦҶۡ
ΪҶ۰˾պ֮㲻Ųʣ˾պ
ҹ޴ӲĿѣ񡭡
ѷ⣬Ť֪˾պجβŸոտʼ
ˣµسһǱ˽е۷䣬ôһۣЩ۷׷׽ֱһѷؼ˷ѡ
ΪѪѹԸĵͽȫ㹻
û˽е۷䣬˯ţ﷢ζûŲһ¡ֱٴ˾պʱͦһص
˾պ
С˶ҪˣǿڳԵأ
룬Ȼȥˣ취˾պˣ۾ϳ򣬾ͷۿɡ۵кܶ࣬
Ǳߵ߾вٵͽޣֻ׾١
γѷûע͵͵ȥ˷ѣβʹӷ䳲ﹴɫС
СͷϵȵķۣƽʱȡøȺƴͲѴ֮ˣûطװֱӽɫС̽˶
õʱ³ɡ
ϸϸӱԲŵùһţŬٴλָϸһͷԼд
Һݺݵס
£ҩŨתɫԽԽǳѷŹŲˣ˾պҩһˢֱһΣֱӹȥֱϵ⣬¶ͷɭɭĹͷ
ֱŶۡ
˾պĹͷ׵÷⣬һɫԶѪеһ
ѷ۷Ź⣬ǣ羫㶼ûǾӵмƷǣֻҵĴã
˾պ˵̫أ࣬٣ͫ׶ѷŴѷֵشӴ﷨ͳҩƿӣһӨ׵ĵҩ
д㰲İɣǰʱ˾պ˶ȫָ
ѷţôҩ˺ޣܼôã㲻ˡСӣһһƷʯ۵ʮ궼һܵóˡ
һ˵һ߽ҩ˾պŰӵϣǰӳһƷʯԸ˵׼ʱͰҿ
ѷߺδϻε˾պԱߡ
ſϣûһ⡣
Ҳܿҩã˾պϵۿɼٶڻָֹѪ衢̺ԽԽǳֱƤ£֮ǰƺҪϸۼ֡
ѪʱֻĿе£ѹ˿ʯͷ
ƻָ˾պǸոհǵĵǰװʱЩˡ
ǿǸû·ˣģ
˵ѽˡε·Ա߰·ҧϹ˾պʱβõͰſŵ˾պ˸档
һݣû
βͼԼ۾ϣסˣŲһ¡
鿴ֱҡͷ
̾˿Ҳûʲôÿġ
ڳԣϲ񣡡ѪɶУû磬ȴҲʲôС
飺
㣡
û˾պˣһ۾ͷ𣬽ŵڿԱߵСߺ˲Է
ţξ

ʱ۾ð̹ˣץһһ
ζ}ûţһ̣ĶӾ͹˾պȥӣʱתһע
ҪҪֱӰС³ȵӣҪ죬ͼ˾պԱߵǿƷʯûаԥؽʯɿ
Σ˻˻˻ʯͷ
ǲһ죬ʯѿ
ԡԣʯ½飬ֱ˶ǡ
ﺰȻֹ
һʯ꣬˾պһ£ƺ̫ţʯͷȻ˱ȥûôˡ
¸̾۱ʯӲĻûҶҲᱻ˾պҧԵɡ
е¡
Ա˾պŰ·ã˹ûаӦֻﳶԼͷ
ԭ˾պͷֻ磬ҩһͷһأѵ˺
ͷܲԵʱ׳Կˣͷ̣ͷ̫ǿңֱӴݸΡ
οǰͷ˾պ۾ֱˡ
СòͷֱӰεͷƤ붼ۣлˣβˮذۡ
˻Ŷۡ
˾պڳһͷιͲߵļƣ˳Ŀ꣬굽󣬽ͷȦŬһһȻͷɺܳȴɢңҲڵ˾պˡ
˾պǿ
ޱߣźֱ¥룺ΣպıܣֻصǸΪȫļжأ˿ڡ
Ժӣ˾պԺͣ
Ĵʱ۾һ֮һȥԺӱԵĲݴ
˾պǿݴԣͷҵһδиɾͷ
񵽹ͷʱ˾պ϶¶һĨΥЦݣ硢õĻڲ䳿ء
Ĺͷͺܴۡ
ΣΪʲôˡ
ͺܶ (Щ`)


11 
ˣ¥˶û֣ô˻ᣬ˾պԺӵĵƤһ飬һͷ˵ļܡȱڵľƱԼһɫҡ
ץһֻëȻ˵ǣסСצӺһϹͣġ
ġ
ֻܿѪѰ
ӦѰͨϺĺѪܱһѰ߱ѾǣȺܶ޶Եô࣬ȫûͷѪѹ£ܲĲ
ѰʵͦõġѪԽƷԽߣԽǿ
˵еϽѰָѰٵƷƷŵرҵɽ
ܹԼǵѰ󣬻ļֵˡ
˾պֻԡ
ץֱ
ֹ˾պ֡
˾պͷ˦ҡͷ˦βͣҪԼ뷨ҪɱҪá
˾պΪƿڴҡ֣˻˻˻˻ԳԳԣһ쵽ֻ֪ԣѰãΪã
˾պٿЦһ£С߲ء
ٳ԰ɣôССһֻûȭͷȷʵ졣Ӳ˾պʱͷ˾òʣֽռ񵽵Ҵ򿪣СӲȥ
ְħצСߣҲһ
ζ˾պˣһѡ
һͷ
ôСңôýȥôҲпӳ
ӳֵָСջǱȥ˾պĵϵϵؽ
޿
ѰŵýֱһҲҶ
죬Ѱֱӻȥ˻˻ؽɨ˽
ҿŲͷռȴСµһںĶϸһһͷ
ⲻͬһ˵ͷֱܷóͷڲͬˡ
иͬŮˡ
ҵײһɫģκˣгʲôģװŮͷɶأ
д¶漰һȽҪڣȥܡָָͷ죬㿴죬ǲƾۼף
Σ
ҿǸƣ
鲻ϸ˵Ҳû취ֻ֪Լѧ󷨣в飬ѧʲô󷨴ʦҲ¡
Ӧã
ŲŬء
ΪóԳ˯˯˾ɽĲƱ𣿲Ųѧϰֹؼ
Ҫǣԭľ黹û֮ǰ̫㣬϶ע⣬ǣʲôŬأ
ˣ˯ɡ
Щͷģ˾պ򿪴ӵʱͰͷӳȥٺͷ޻ëʯ顢ǡ
ðɣֻΣ춣˾պĶȥŪ鱦
ʵǬɶС
ͷзޣһů˯ˡ
Ȼüţֻܼϣ˾պϡʶϽǿʱǽԼ·죬һ߰
̾κȻͷ͸磬ұ˾պˣæһͷ˦ȥæ꣬ͱ˾պץסϡ
ϰһȦԵģ͸ղԺЩͷ
ͷڳһԲġ
Σզ㻹Ҫ̳أ
һ̣ͱԲȦ롣
˾պ۰Ͱ͵سָЩͷʾϽԡ
Σĺˡ
ǲ˾պͷ룬һͷϵ˺ϸС˿õСߵǰ
ִιʳСһʵеɰҲκΪѡ
ôܳԱ˿йĹͷί
νͷŤһߣ˾պ˿ָͷҲתŤͷָͷƶظתɫ۾·˵ѽôԣ
ָͷԴ
αˣֱſһҧݽָҧ˶˱Ѫ
Ѫе𣬶ȼڣ־飬ҧһŻǻֵġ
ҧ˾պסˣγûߣ޵ȥ˯ºβ;𱡱СӸԼϣԼֱŶˡ
Ǳߣ˾պɵضԼҧ˵ָͷ
һ֪Ķ˸ӣＷЩѪűߵߣ˾պѱһƣεԴѪ
˾պ˿˿
ͬʱ𣺡ҪԱ
žѪøһ
˾պע£ε׽ѪˣûĺȵǸɫСһװ˶
룬ЩѪҺռлᣬҲ˾պһܹܡ
СȻǷ飬ȴΪϣۣҲµ
һļ֮ʵ̫̫ˡ
ʲôίʵѰ
Ѫ̸ɾ˾պע£ԼŬסĶƤɿ¶һԲĶӸ㿴ҳԱˣ
˾պο
׽߷ŻرѣְװҹڴͷȰٺһһ˾պ£Ƿ˷ľƣֽһС˳
ŵķƪ
Ѳɣöһϵ飬Ѿܹʶϵˣ
ڱ͵˾պͼһϵ󣬽˸Ϊ˫ֽӡϥϣۣƽԼɼ
ҲĶ⡢Ԫһᵤʱ֣ĪΪȫעԵʣ
ƽʱ̫̫ʹҲ˿Ӧھ߶ȼ֮ʱݵʱ򣬱һƬڰš
˾պĺ೤ܿ죬塣
ߣµ￪ʼ涽ϣ£β̡мأϡСȵŷΪһ죬һ󣬳һۣ˫Ŀƣâ֮ͫУһš
ΪֽˣֱͻΪĲ㡣ЩҩĵȻ˺ܴã˾պʺԱȻҲĻͻƵô졣
棬СʺܺðʱûˣѪѹɣҲ˽һ޵ʽ
岻ͬȫ·ӵģֻǿЩԼһЩ֮ξʹͷ
ʵ̫ˣȲǰڴ絽ƨ̡˺Ĺ÷ϰÿջӽһζϡƽӴ޴絽¯Ҫֲҩժҩҩ
֮ûһʡĵġ߯ô۵ҪһһһʮʱҾ͵ʮʱϵĵӣʮͻʮᵤǾžǿߣɵľˣһ뵽ҪʮꡢϰꡢǧꡢһյĿޣξ̲ס˸䡣
ޣڵһѪעҪˡ
Σֻ뵱ˡ
̾ԸðӲ磬ˢˢдҶԣ
ôһҲԣμδӱٿԹ˯˹ȥ


12 Խ
η˾պӦǾһҹ
Ѱ֪ʲôʱ˳ȥ˾պĽűҲɣʮŬ
˾պʱὫؼϡۼΧѰԴиӦմ⡣
һһɣڷܿ̿ĺѧ
Ȼ˿ûӰ죬ڴϹ˼Ȧ޵һֻҰãذҰϻؼҿˣŪķۡ
˾պΪףʵҲһ㡣
ӻؼҵʱøСԼϢͲ·ײӣñּ鷳ֻҪڵ۵ӾͲб¶ķա
ӿʱ˾պѾһ죬״̬
ӣû֣Ա߿һ̧Ҳ˸ӡ̼䣬ĳһŻžһϡ
ӿ˽̿ȼʱɿˮϨֻӶҪꡣ
β˦С磬˾պ˻˻һߴȥ
˾պϥڵϣԼķȵζԽԽŨסˣ۰Ͱ͵سſã˿ˮա
ȿụ́½ֻøˣԵòʱע⵽ű۰ͰͿԼС˾պüͷһš˼һ˲󽫿ɽ̿һ˳ȥ
Ѱ󣺡
˷ۣԣкǿ
˾պԱＷС뱭ѪӷСǰȥ˸ľͷʰ룬ؿ˾Ϳʼţ˾պŤͷǰСѾˣǺƶ˱ϺܼѵؼЦݣǻһССȣַɿһߡ
ţСһš
Ѱߴߴ˾պʱϡ
ֿʼˣŬȡΪѹóԺ˯ߣʱ򣬾ͲѪѹˣ
ӦãԵİɣ
ѷûڣؿ˽շ˾պС
ηֽ˾պŪһĤǴһ˫ᱡס
һֱ㲻ֱӽӴС
ԸһϣѾѧ˿ػˣ
ӵٶҲø죬СƳϣˢˢ¾ͽƤ£һŹ⻬Ĺʵ
С󣬿ٴγ֣˾պȥԺӵȺ
ע⵽˾պ彩ֱһ˲㿴źͿˡ߽ԺʱԵһȻݲȡ
Сһ̬ȣһܳɴµˡ
飺׸Ҷʹ˶ٰӣûҶ۳Դ͸¶Ĳֻ࣬ϸһΣ淢ֻø򣬲˾պЩʲô˾պһȻе棬κͱյúܽǲ͸¶һ֡
ֻܷ߷߲ƽҿ㲻֧ʣǸǣ
Ժӣû˾պһ޵ϣ˸λţſºͷ֣ϵǸѾȻʧˣ
ңӾ͸ô󣬲Żһ£ͷľôҹң
Ժûмܹ˰˴ľ㶵شһߣ˾պ£Ծ͵صϢ
Σ̫ˣ
֪ܻٴξĥţܾ붨
Ȳ¥ö࣬ٶȼӿ죬ٶȻҲˡ
˰ʱһǰһĽŲ
Դ𣬿һŮӽŲǰ棬ѷ̵ǰߣɫƣԭֵһҹ֮࣬Ƥɿ壬Ƥ´
ӦˣϢ̫ȶ
ŮӴһźɫȹһɫѣ׺һ·졣ʮֽοɰüĿȧǸߣ촽Ա
ҲʮָװԵЩ롣
ϸһͷɫµڴһɫͭǮǡ
ŹףǰŮͨĵӡ
ǸҪǮţҪһԹߣʮǰͻڣڶǽ㹻ʯɽš
ͨǮȥĵͳһͨֵǰޱȣȡǲƿ֮ͨ⡣
ˣƣ㾡Եע⵽Ժм˾պѾĲˣѷҲֻһüû̫ȣôҩǰڽ׿첢֡
Ĳ㣬Ѿ޳ǣһʱˣĴ󵨵ʹ˽ˣЩҩ
ûŮӻشѷüʣƣתͷͿɵվԭأ۾ֱض˾պ
ѷһƶȻǰһᣬյҩͯ
ѷ΢һףź˾պŸʲô
һֱ˾պվתˡ
վվţŲʩȴ쾫ϸ͸гƵȻһ
ʻУطһ̺ۡ
һһŮˣĵһ۶ʧ
ϴǻ˵ĵӷվԾ£⣬ΧһжȻʧɫ̲ס룬ǴŮڳһЩĸ֮󣬻жעĿ
վͳ˷羰
ƴгһϸһָɫ̣ץһƬҶѪҶ
ν˸䣬Ʒ齣ܼһʱ䲻ƽһƷʯҵ˾պűߣЦ˵ʯˡ
˾պʯ۾һʶӣָշȥӾ͹
Ƴʱתע뽣д߷һ죬ʱһѣ͸ͼΪݵ˾պ㹻ķӦʱ䡣
˾պ㿪һܿͷһ۱նϵʯʣĿһ
Ա߹սѷҡҡͷǺýô
ϲÿڴԲˣĲ۵Ӷ̲УȥĶ飬⣺¶ѡ
ǽޣκϲǽޣǧѵһĽڣ˻ȥȻҲߡ
Ҫý뽣ڣʸ񣬾͵ýսʤͨӣؽ齣½ҲԾ츳ض˹Ŀ࿴ýʵսͳ˲ӣѷǷӱһ
ٶȵǿЩ齣̳ʱû߰˵ӰʵʵԷĽںδ
˾պǰལ
̵Ľ׷ɵҶ˷Χ
ԭһӴܣȻǰ˳˲䣬˾պڿжסһšڿб򣬾ֱһײ˹ȥ
ξ𡪡ɵСôǱ潣ײ
ƽ治ôЩڻʵĽУֻҪϸĹ۲죬ܷĽӰ֮УֻһģĶܶ㿪
۳˾պܱܿˣȻ۷Լǵײζǲӻˡ
壬۵һ죬Ѫڻµ÷
˾պûкʹ˿ڷɿһʱ
Ϣ֮ʱ˾պ̧ͷϿǡøϵζۡ˾պ̧𣬰ֻȾѪ͡
˾պҵ߰ҵѪѪˣ˷ѡ


13 Խ
ιϣͷãҶյþӨ͸
µĹµϣٸ޶ˣĳޣͷ׵ĺɡ
˹ƻһ㣬β;֦ͷ´һڡ
Ȼ˾պ⣬Цһ£ҲֻЦһ¡
΢΢˲Ϣѹ£ޱؿһࡣ
ţ˾պٳ֣קסǶȻӺðķɽ
βǽˣ䡣
׷վԭأһԸŲ˾պЦһֱʩչǣɽָƵ󹥻˾պû뵽˾պȻͽץ
ƷɽǽʿˣҲͽӲӡ
˾պĵ˲ɢ佣նһֱۣնϣûüͷֻֽڿеһ˦ٴιҵϺ˾պ﷢һҰ޵˻ȼһŻ磬˷ɽϡ
ڿԷɽ˰ú˾պһζ㣬ֻδ֮Ϊ̫ûãϾͱ鲼ۡ
ѷţ׼ͷҲ̫ˣûһҪˮƽڣ쿪
Ʋǰû˹ˡǮΪʯҩģƽʱĿˡʯδ֡
Ŀ۲ϲմɱɱŮӡ
ѷŷ˸ֱۣתȥԺӽɹĲҩˡ
ϵۣ˵Ҷ۰ɣŮϲҶۣҶ۵ĺ֪֮һ𣿡
룬𣺡Ҳͱ˼ϷڻңҲûʲôģ뵽Ƶľ˾պйأ黹Ǵ⺬ȥ
ΰѳֲסҪ˾պˡ
ôһ򣬵µ˾պ˼кüϣ࣬Ѫⷭɼǡ¡
ûã˾պϵӳ˲޷ڱ壬ƽƽϰô¶ٴ
̲סʣеģ
˾պ˵ڵϣ紭Ϣ
תͷԺһǵѷţж
ѷһϷʵصѵӿ֪ˡ
ƿһϵ㣬̧ٻ佣һʱѵǿƷʯˡ֪˾պǸ꣬ĵǹƽ࣬Ҳ鷳ˣ˽
úˣ
뿪ѷֱµƷʯͳҩƿ˾պ˿Ĩ˲̵ҩࡣ
ѷŴҩƿһ˲ŵҩƿϤζǸݡ
˾պҩ̫˰ɣ
һ̣Ϳ˾պ۵һţƤҲٷ죬һֻĴϺ
ѷһӰʯ˾պϵı仯¼ȿϵ˿ڽʱѷӰʯһ˾պСӣԹˣպٹ
˾պҡҡλεվĿ񣬻ججߣȻ͵ضסͷϡ
˲䣬һ߹⡣
οٵ޻˾պϣص߳λá
˾պųصĲߣ߳ûãԽԽȣһߵĻ棬ܱʹǰˮ̶
һ˾պһͷԽ̶ˮһصѸ³
ˮεø죬˾պøε˾պ¾;嶸Ȼֱĵ׷
ȫ޴ΣУξ겻°ôˣѲɻ漰о飿
ɿд֪ÿ
ֻܷ˾պˮײ˾պһ˳ȥûи棬ȴҲһΣ̶ֱס
ˮ̶в۶ϵıвнࡣ
ˮ̶֡ϴء
ϴͨţѵתӣòᱻˮɣ˾պǻŵģĪǻ᣿
Ӧòô򵥡
ţξͿЩĶϽͬʱ˾պʹĵ۾ͷһƬɺ졣
ͻأѪŵˮһֱӱĳԶĳȥ־Լ̫Щ̵ΣһΣͼһнֱ˾պ
һߵʲô˥ˣӵµĶϽ
Ԥ֮еѪɺӲδ֣нû˾պʧͺƣڻС
һͷˮסʣ⵽ô£˾պʲôܳԽģѲɡ
ξԼµࣺǽ飿
ˮǡ
нϵش˾պ壬ζߺ˵ʱʶҲ׷ɵĶ֫бۡѪ٣ʬ
ǿĽնɽ飬޴ڣ洦ɼ
˵򽣣ֱ¾ͷ𡣡
ǵ𣬸ƾӨӹֹ̣һ׹ĺ
૵򽣣ķбһۣ䣺ѲɣһλΪ˲Լܣ
ѱײ࣬㲻ˣ̾дڷӡһħ˽һ޵߾磬ҲΪھǱħ
ξԽ
ǰĽԽ
һ֮ӡħа
˵Խǰֻ˯ǵճħа岻ٵţֲ
Ϊ˼ԽڲѩɽһԽĵǰѪʱϲԽսֱϡΪǵúȻƳɣһֱʵ¶ȡȵʱ䣬ʱᷢȡ
˾պԽϢ̫𾪣þ޷
Խѩɽϵĵȴ
ʱɻ󲻽ѯʣ֪ԽԲз۶
˵ʱ⣬ʥգһƽƽСֱӣ
֪Խ裬˵ʲôʺˣԽ㣡
һ뵽ӢջΪеķɣҶУͷеþúܡ
κЩɰͰ͵ʣӦúǿŶԣΪҸоʶڣ
дԭǿӡħԽԽֱɢʶָֻ谲ֵȴɡ
ο˾պ񶼲ˣϽдڵ˾պԽԽɢ֮ѵħǵǸ𡣡
ɢܻ
ѵģֻǸѹħħһѣһǿջĵ·أ顣
Ŷһ
֪˾պԽڷӡħξǰһЩɻõ˽ͣںãʯײƵĽʱսöԷĽԼĥʯ
εһˮԱߣ̶׵ĶϽԸ˾պ꣬ȵƬһϽûʱοǶϽһˮƶ˾պǰ
æϣ˾պƮʱҲص׵ϽһһɣȵصѰһнʱ˾պϸƮˮϡ
һö𣬡ѽˮˡ


14 Сʦ
ѾˣŨö࣬ݲݶ
ϴرԵ˺ɻˮЩ㡣
ŷɫȹŮڳرι㣬ˮƮ˸˹Ǿһ˲󽫲ڱ˿£ɳĳнˮ˲סϻذߡ
ƻᣬŮһʵϼ
βںҶ£ŮæҵؾˣһԤС
ܿ죬˾պתѣŮĿʱ˾պ
˾պÿǡ
Ŀ˶ںҶһ͵ıʣ˾պҶԵԭŮҶ۵Сʦãڴħʱȹδйů
£ǵͷ
Σң׵ˣһ·ȥ˯ء
ŮĿⰧˣ˵ôأֹֻܰѪģ͵ÿԸȥˡ
룬ʣǱƲ£أʲô֣
˾պһһϣ˻˻
ĶŮǰ˵Լ֣κΰɣǰδ˵־䣬Ҳûʲôϲ˻˻˺üǺˣû˾պ˵
Ʋü̾㾹ὲѹֻᱻ۸
ǡʱ˾պĶӹ˼
Ʋ´ߵȡһ㣬ҽյһһ⣬Ҳ֪ûԣҳζɺã
˾պһжĽӹ̻
ҧҶָ²ۣ˾պƤǳģ͹ģ
ǻƲ¸ոιĸ㡣
кҲø
úˣζûϸƲ˵ʲôʱͿ˼ݱֻжһעƲһӽˮ
ˮָС㣬ˮתȦ
˾պ߻ˮУһˮжΡ
ˣƲ˾պԭ·ء
߳ȥָʲôˣڹض࣬˾պ˵ظЩ߽ʿʺãϸ׷ģָʯˮȥȫһЩ
Ʋ»˸ж·ϸˡ
ѹԭܷ²˾պġ
οεǰ棬˦β͵ʱЩжϸ޵Сأ͸оβһۣ˾պסβͼ
ˣ˻˻㶪ң
ߣӸ˾պɼܣȻûҲΣֻƬ˾պҳǲǣ
˾պ˰˻˻˻С˦ҲΧˮݶ߰㣬Ȼ˾պѹûлͷֻСжСжΡ
λðʱȰֹľ飬Ʋ¸Ҷۻ˾պʶֺֽд˵ģľԿܣ˰ɣ
ڤڤ֮ǣǱؾĵ··ľͷ
ΰ̾ٺ˾պǴͷɥظ˾պĺ棬һˣ̽Ų˾պϡ
ûӰ쵽飬˾պûг
ֻ˾պҲδ
ֻǰ·жֻͬһ
ոǸŮ
Ʋ¡Ʋ¡Ʋ¡
λţ˾պˮ棬СźúȻˡ
쬵ϣ˾պȡԱߵĲݴԡ
ĻһŻֻֿڻϷתڿ⡣
Ȼº֪˾պҳߵӻˣŮˣ֪֪䣬֪۸ȻָʹһС߳ȥҳԵģ治Ҫ
ֵΡ
ץӣ˵Ģ񵰣ӻܲţĢ̫ɢ㣬ֻܰĶ̽˶
ϸ񵰺ĢӶԲģֱӴһȦ
ûʵһָķ졣
͸ŷ쿴˾պڵϸѰ۵Сۡ
Сһţɪɪϵëմ˿ˮͣʪյһš
ٲȥ˾պҪˣôţҪŽȥͿ˾պವһ°Ѱץ
Σ
Ѱ󣿾ôˣҲࡣ
Ҫ˹
죬Ϳ˾պһذѰ³ŵԭλãֱض
Ѱʪˡ
⵽Ǳ˾պ˼ΰ
޽ţ˵ɿŴ񵰺Ģ˳
Сֽ治ҺʩչĿǰʵޣϢķֻԼصУʹСֽ£ǽϴƤ֮⣬Աߵ˾պȵòͷҲ˰ѻ
û֣Ա濴һ˾պĻôһţԣܸоǻŵСࡣ
ȥǳһֻӵ״
Ļȫλϣ·ΧΧһǽܿ죬Ӿͱɫƣ硣
һƿؿ˵ǳ뻯ת뵽ǰݣҲþˡ
꿾ú˾պֿ񵰣ҲŶڵϣһָͷ˴ǼĢ
Ȼ˾պǸʳء
ҲҪԶ룬Ȼ˾պԣǾ͸ѰԺˣСвţڷһ죬Ӷˡ
Ѱ˻кԶ
ж˾պͶˣŤͷһۣɿؽĢˣҲ̲һ
ȳԵֻʣһʱԥһ˲ǽĢС飬ѰһС顣
Ѱսս쳤ӣĢº󣬷ɿ˻ԭ
Σʳأ
˾պ﷢ֵڿЦ
תͷͿ˾պ룬һɵЦ㵸
οͻȻ˾պһ۲ϳĢڽɪɪѰ󣬺֪طӦҲɵĢǲж
дԶþܿ˺ܶС衣
ôң
飺ⶾʶģҲ뿴ʶڵʲô𣬼ȻУ˵Ѿ΢ʶ̶ָȣҪ˶ãʶֳˡ
ڣ˾պ˻裬ͻȻΧȦȦ
αתͷΣشϢøϴͱ˾պץ˱˦
˦ͷתֻܳ׼ŤͷݺݵҧһڣѪ
ôһȥ˾պǱʩ˶䣬ͻȻͽԭء
ؿ˿ڵλãֺֻݺһѪĨָϺ˾պָСߵͬʱҲ˻˻˻˻ԡ
ĢҲιߡ
κλǽЩѪռ룬һֻɱ¾ħ϶ιһֻޡ
ԣԽʶһڡ
ֻһ˿һδɢҲ֤Ƭأһֱ뿪
ΪԼԽ
ȵԽ

ܵ취ǸƺãܶǱ֮٣ػ


15 
Ģ˾պɵӡ
οСһ˰ʱ˾պ֧Ųס˱ĵϡ
ǰǲܵģ֪Խ֮޷ָĹϵλǰָСǽ˴ϡ
ԸҲ۵òУһմͳ˯˹ȥʱξķ֣Ϊһ㣬嶼࣬˾պܲöȦˣ
˾պֽˣ
Сֽ˿ϵûڷ䣬ʶΣſֶס
˾պǵùʮа˾汻۸
Ȼޣԣ۲Ϊﲻ
ͷèץһʣ˾պȥĶˣڸʲô
Ϊһ˿˿ʶֽһЩԿ⣬ԶЩڵĵǿ
Ȼʶ֮û˾պ
ⷽǿˣܿԶĵط
ֻƽʱԵıΪڣٶʶ
Ӵ֣ηʵûô󣬺±¶Ľֻѡע⣬ŻǣбһͬĨȥΣա
̽ĵޡ
̫ˣڣһԽԽˡ̼ǵøʱ򣬻սսˮء
㲻˵ҾԼȥˡƵص
ڵΣ쵽űʱдС
оȻңǸʳǰȥĶߵģ˯Ҳ⣬ξȻˣ
ֻвˣ÷޲еķ
εζһ٣ͷĪ΢ɬһ£ֵ˴ԼСӡ
ɴûãָоԼΪһЩ𾪵ص˾պֽˣͿ飬ſŽˣʲôˣ
飺㣡

ţϰͨ
ͨסĵӶǮǮĵҲŵȣƳǮһ
ͨİһйΪ¾ӡйһĿһƬϼ
˿̣ŷƱһֻѩڲ˻ٵǧϣɫеӱöˡ
ѷĲԸˣ
վƶǸݸߵĻƹ£ͷѷŽԼҩȥ̽¿ڷ磬ڰ˾պϷ֡
ƣȱʯԽǻƹǣߣ˵ѷȱʯúܣȱʵԽͯӣȥġ
ôԶֻҪǮŶȻҲ¼˶ȵʽȶһ˽Ҷ۹Ŀ࿴ˣҲȥԽ
ҩͯӶѣһٸ
ƹͷֹһٸҲֲ˾պһǰЩһٺȥ
˾պʵĺӣųɾŶ类ߴȥӺòôһϷ֡
ƹ̾Ҳ֪ʵȱʲô
˶ħˣϷ˵Ļ治ý
ѷн𵤺ڵΪҲ˺ܶϡŹֵĶ˶¸򽻵ϾһԲ϶ܸŽаˡ
һƹ˵û취ý˳ȥݺݵҲܣҾҪ
Żһҹδ˯Ҳûаôֻķҡ
±۾ǰ˾պ
öˣһͷð˳ϸжã
һš޿ҩͯӣǸеģƾʲôܳôһ
Ҫ
뷨𽥼ᶨˣһҪõ
ԴͷСϣɫķ˿Ⱥһ䶯ȼɢڿ۳Ҫ
ǰޱĴģüԶɽﲨһɨ٣Ϊ֮ߵ
﷢Ů𡣿ùĵõ
һȺޣ޷޽Ը׺ݣðƤϲϡ
ܷһҺ壬ܹױһ֣Һ屻ҩʦΪ裬ưһζؼҩġ
ϵΣϡɱǰ
ƴδ˵תƵϣȻ̫ˣһϣƾͲԸ
һͽŵĻƹ£ΪǲѴ֮֮£õһ鷳ѷǷӾϷˡ
ƻӽնԶܿ죬ͽܵһƬйһͨŽбƹ£Ҫᵤ˰ɣ³ɣһȥҪһƷ̺
ƹüԵ棿
Цһ
ңǮĶң˲֪˲
ƹã취𸴡
ͳ˲ᣬշһҳ־һţɿ󷭣ע⵽ҳϵּ仯ϲصа취ˣ
˾պͻ㣬Ҫ񣬵ţºðš
ЦˣҵϢ
뵽ӵ޶˵ǶԾѹѹȥ
ȥѸƼȹӣõķβȹɴ»ȹҹȹ
ܴʲôѹȺҶذ׵ĳۣѸһֱδȥƾȹȹӾ˵ǲƶƶɣȹʽ򵥣ɫѩҲδŮѹס
ȥԹһΣ˸鲼ڴȻƾǰǸûĺ䶯
˫õĳ֮Уͬһʱ䣬Ĵͷɫĺڷһȼ˻ңƮһƹĺ̡
ţ﷢һ̾Ŀ࣬Һϲѽ



16 
ţ¥
˾պѰݣ죬Ҳû
˯Ժģоϵıӱƿʲô˽ܿ콫Χ
ͷۣͼȫǲݱһΧģֱ𣺡˻˻˻أ
˾պָЩһһϵ˺ü£ѵط˻˻㡢㡣
΢΢һСܷˣ
￴ֳζ㲻ϲôҸ˺öֻ
˾պʱͷ뷨̫ǿңҲشݸΣԺʱ˻˻Ͳѹˡ
Σ˻˻˾աһյͷ໣ΪΪ׵ԵȻҲܷһˡ
˾պ۾һָԼ˵˾աաաաһһѧͯѵطԱߵ鿴ֱҡͷһɵӣǶء
Σ˻˻˻˾պ
˾պ˻˻˾պ
һһ߶׼ȷ˾պֺ˾պҸؽ࣬βֱϣϰŵ࣬
Խʱ˾պҲ˼˿ڽ裬ݺύϣ˼򼣬Щ
ɫǺеᣬ۾ڷ⣬·˫Ŀһ貵Ǻӡ
ƯĿۣҲ˾պԼ֣գառѵطֵԱߵžһͷ
˾պѹûͻأơƲ¡
СߵʱеˣͷһŤͿѾдһ֣Ǽ֮ˣǸҶۻжνķɣױע⵽ģ
£˾պһµϺΡ
ûߣֱ˾պץУͷҲȥԡ
˾պ䷳ؽƲµ֡
β̫ϣ˻˻ӡ˾պã߻ǲᣬͳ·˵ԭô
õϼ̣ڳһĿĲһҪ߽̻ļơ
һͷƤˣʹ˻ڳɹµ
ֻС߰ȻܱܺӱƳ
θպ꣬˾պһӣֱӻ˴ϣţͽһץѰץ˹ȥǰ
ȥһѰþʲôźúѾֻ̧ǰצٵҾ
˾պƲ£
ѰҾĶסӶС۾Ứҫ
һֻոտǵѪѰΪһ㶼δôʵף˵ֱΪ
˾պޱ飬Ʋ¡
Ѱ󣺡ߴߴߴߴ
ԴѰ˾պûôˣҿѹͼ֡
ѹ͵ЩŹ̶ִͺĦ͸żͺ⣬ܽ
ѰըëСܿʼ졣ܿ죬˵ëбƣѪҺȼգζԾؼע
ѰھѪ
κһֻѰ󣬶гΪϽĿܣѪԽ׵ļԽ
˵ÿһѪѣһɱ䣬ҵҲıӻԼ˵
νԼ̳˸󻨾˵˼Ѫѵ𾴡
Ѱûͨ죬أƮ˲䣬˵һ׹ء
Ѫʵ̫ˣϳ˶ý˿࣬ÿһֶһţ޷ȹ
ѪȼգѰۿɼɵëƬ嶼øɱ
пܾʧܣȻȫѪҺȼ
ԥҪҪѰһͨѪʱ˾պַˣð׺ݵѪ⣬һһٵصơʡ£
ħԣֺɱɢȫעѰζ˸飬ھѪѰ˵һֵļУͷðֻ̣α䵭ֽϵīպˮһ㻯
䵭˵ѰһƲ£
ںֺһĽųɵڵءһĻëȴûͺһ͹ˮĺëһƥڶС
Σڤ󡣡
ѰΪϽڤ󡢻͵ĸ࣬ÿһҲǿ֮֡
ëȻڤˣû뵽ֻѰȻܴѪһӽóѰѨܹεڤǲ˼顣
ովѵѰѾƣɵڵأȻ˾պԲŹһָͷѺ˾ùֵĺ뽫ᵽУԸ˸
ɪɪѰƲ¡
˾պָŵߣ˸Ķ
ȵѰ󰲾˾պŽŵ˿˿ƽ࣬˵ʱתͷָһ´ϵΣ˿˿
Ѱ̵˿˿
˾պεķߴߴ䣬Ըüֲ˾պĿڣ
Ѱ£˸ָ󣬴ݱܿͽЩɢҵëʰɾεСֽҲ˶١
ʰɾˣ˾պ¼ܿ죬ܵͱȱĵطŨ˼֡
Ȼ˾պʱǼѵ˾պű߲ܿ죬һһ󶼽״̬
ʰӵĲݱشϡһβȫɨȥкСֽڴΧһդֹǵĿ
ŲҪȺ˯һ
峿˾պ˯δӱϳһôĶŪ鲼
һȥͿѰѾͷ˸СµҪŬظδ˸к˿˿
Σ
ûԹ̳ɻڴƽһЩ
֨ѽһ򿪣˾պȴû߳ȥſվŵһˡ
˾պϵİ̺ۻԣݺύĽ˽걾覵е֧飬֮Į壬վڸ̨׵űߣһεѹȸС
վǰܿմһɫװһӣվڶףֱ˾պЩ̣ûܵһʱ俪ڡ
վˣߵСӶ꣬ұǸһκϻӵŮŮֽһ˫۾ڣͫò۰ֻʣһ˿
ı֮¶űǱף滹ѪĵԹɭɭ
Ů˶˵ʱ׼һ𻰵Ķڿڼ˾պ˲佩סĵ׷
ôû뵽ղ˾պѾ˻
Žߵգֻٴο
ҪκҪһյɣֵҩҪüʮƷʯЩ۵ġ
촽⶯ջûкشͷ
ʱܿع˵Сʦʹˣżգͻ㣬ϲϲһ˵һߵݳһڵʯͷǰżõģѾ˳ֵı͸ʦܣȥֵıʹš
Ůɨһۺü΢򭡣
һ𾪵̧ͷûǿǽͰ͵ʣʦܣеģ
ܿЦѵΪŮӲɣ
ѹָչʱô졭
٩˼ܿʼ˵ˡ
ѾŹ˰ɣϵĵÿ¶Ҫ뿪һÿҪһɣµͻƣҲýӣھʣˡ
ﵱҲ˸һȥɡ
ҪȤĻǴȥ壬Ǳ߱˵


17 ӹ
˾պĬظ˺档
ΪȥأϾǸԱպӣһֱô˽Ӵ֮ǰҶϣȫҶۡ
һ£ҽ߲ܿˣ޵Ƕ͹ǾС϶ʶˣ꣬缸ͻ㣬޵Ǻǰ𨣬ԲϢ
֪ΪһôĹأƬħֹЩħӰΣ۶ɣܹƻģռɵǵԪ񣬳ڵʱһЩ쳣ױ֣һںɣǸ߽ʿҲ׿͸ʱű㶨¹أӳв䵥˼Ϊѡ
˵ħ壬뵽ص¹ء¹صǰסѩ£ۣ֪λõֻһ
ѩÿ궼ҪעʯˮڣҲ䵽磬֪ѩǷտýЩĵرѩά¹صķô
¹°Σǲ಻ɡ
һ뵽ᵽξͳ̾˿
֮£ʲô˰
СʦܿɱҵĻŵˣȱǽֵħɱ֮ɽӡաĵ۹أƬγϡ֮麣ħ޷͵͵˽硣һҪؾϵħ￿ᱻɽ¹ֱնɱ
ħľ֪ɣ
˾պҡͷ
ܿ˸ƺóһڣʾŽ
һֱЩĲɣԹ˵ģûûܵһʱܿ˼
ݡءϪӡ߾ֻݾСħпܶ㿪ɽ¹͵ݾСħսǿҲ͸ڵ޲࣬Ϊ塣
յͷ˵ʱһ㺮˪ͬʱϵľϻҲ·ָ׹Ǹľ塣
δһѰ˵ȣڽŵʶ߿ڷִûӴ˵ذ˿˿ߡ
굹㱳Ǽһʵ
бһۣһٿڡ
ǿһħǽģһЩмҲú£ħﶼʶСħǵԪһ˵첻ɶ˺ܰǴԪǿʶ̾ʶ̫ѣҵϣץֻСħʶ
Ҹ˵˵ǸɣҪȥץβС¶βСҪѣ¶ĻֻһԴɡ
֮ǰеץ˲¶ϴ裬ץβС䣬Ȼӷ񡣡
ĬĬ졣
ŻһȺС۷ѣǵôСȻҹ˼ҡ
βС󣬱Ƕϣã׷һֻС˰£ķ˷䳲λãҾȥԡ
岻Զһ˱ıߣܿ͵˵ط
ȥǸм˸ӣ˸꣬ľͷǽڣЩľƣÿһľƶŷ˾ͻժ
ѵµףǽľƿɹѡĲ࣬һۿȷֻѷ˵ʡ
ѷŻᷢ񣬺ΪԺĴβСˣЩԭӦûзģҲ˵ܵƻЩ
˾պûôԥͽץС񣬵ľƣܿ¶Цݣȵһ˾պļ򣬡һҪԭﰾ˺ü졣
Ҳϲҩ֪ǵһͦ˵ġ
һ˵ľϻͻŪȻӦٿľϻǡı
ʱܽͳ˳壬˸Ƨĵط£ǻ˾պһ㣬ҪʯûȥߣǵطЩףȻ㶼ﰾô죬һĶҹκβˡ
Ҳͦģʱû㻹ûҡܿЦǺǵ˵꣬ڴҶȥ׼׼ͷ
˾պͷת¥ߡ
һԺӣͬ·
˾պߵÿЩСӶ׹һԶ˴·ûס׷ס˾պͷϴΪͻƣŷʯ鵤ҵʱҲǱͬԺǶԹŮƼȲѣ
ʯͳЩ㣬ҪȥӶúܣиߴźáͽ׵ʯһŵĲдƷã㻹ġ
ʯ˾պ󣬶Сܼǰ棬˾պ˿ʯͻȻһСʯͷ׵Уͷȥӡ
Сʯһֱӽˡ
ʣµļŽˣȫ˾պĶӡ
ߣܵģóԽŻᰲġ
ȥ֮˾պһ󣬵ȵԼʱųţһǰ䡣
۵뿪ŵıؾ֮·һ뿪ĵӶֱͨӴ͵ɽµĺӹظ
˾պǸոͻ㣬һһ˵ߴ󵽺ӹء
˹ȥʱǡÿһ˴󷨴ʧ
¥ĶŷҲС
ܿüԺ⳽ôҲڲųȥ
صŷҲǸողͻƵģΪ˵񡣡
ܿһСӵЩֶΡ
ʶؿ˾պĵŮӣûбжŷʲô¶
ϧû
̤󷨣һ׹Ѿǧĺӹ֮¡
ûɽеĺӹءֻţһءԶ಻ʯǽÿɣǽϱһһȥĽҫĿĹâ࿴һ۶鲻Խᡣ
оŻһɽһѪÿһʯ϶ڵǰѪÿѪڣܿǰǽվʯǶһ£˵ħ֮ˣЩʯͷ
æȥһѡ
˾պҲŰַȥȥʱܿʣк뷨
شǹһ졣
˾պӽˡ
˿ֻ̣˾պʲô
öལԡT.T
ϧЩƷ̫ߣ̲£ڵ˾պҲֻ̲нƽˡ
ǽͷһֻɫɹβڿҡμ£伸Ƭ
ëƮʱһشػ棬ؼʧССһغڻҡ
ɴ۾һ𾪣ʲô񣿡
Ҳǵһӹر߽֮ΧһжԵʮֺ棬ͬһ˾պԵصöࡣ
ܿƵͽħ壬˵ϹѪܿЦһ£벻ŴϷһȦ
ӹر߽磬ֹħ֣սѪ˺ӹϵʯնɱħ֮
ħﱻնɱɷ쳣겻ɢΪ͡Ԫĵ˵˵صĸ߿վԲ׿
븩أһɽ۹ȫòֻ˳
궯ģһԾԾԡ
ܿ˵ܣȻܣʮƷʯһΡţڻʯ˵£
꣺
ͷɥصߣ׬ʯȥ
ܿͳһСľǱ߽磬ɷŨ񣬲ľϡ٣ҪץСǲһʱܵط
ľʱգֻ˵ߡ
˸պ£ûãͼϵֲ࣬ȵһʯʯʱܿվ˵ˣ
һ˦ӿľĴͷɿ֣ǳ޻ζǰקľǰ
˾պһߡ
Σ
Ǿӣ


18 
ò˵ȺķзûȻֻܿС
ܿһתһߵĽһɡɣÿ˸һɣûɣ
æȻȻֳֳܿҪû㣬Ƕôͷ߳ǵ߶ð
һ˵һʾ˾պ̬˾պʵʵظŵͷҲû
£ȥץֻ¶˶ĿһץβСʧܣ¶Ҳܽ񡣡
ûãǽ¾һƬ
λͷ¶٣ЩӰ˵ôҲþòҪڵ׽
ܿվͷ¿ף⳽ǾȻ
Ժˣ
£§һĺ컨ȣȻѾȫλĻþ֮С
߾һԲ¶裬ûбԻסĻɱץס
Ҳſ˹ȥɨµɣҡҡͷ
ĶУҲðףһʵһСſţͷɿʼɿˣܲл£һһİ
ϣһѪ
λþϵļ̽ѪҺɣʳٶȺͨ£һ˱ϽȥҲҪüʱŻ᳹
СľѾ˻û£ʶɹעŻǴ
ɱûڶˡ
ͷǸ⳽ųһֻɳ棬ȭͷƽᣬɽʱȶ죬ǰ壬ЩЩλɢóһ·
ǿ׳λͷѪûȥģȻǳġ
˾λֻܱĻһ˾˳뻨׽
ܿ죬һȺ˾ץ˼ʮֻ¶
ץ˳ȳȥ󣬴Ҷ˶ŷ
ŷ̧˸иСȦиѿۡ
һˣˡ
һ˫۾򻨺룬ŷǲٿס⳽ĸ첲ͷ򴦡
ûʾȲͷǸն
ʵϣԸȥն֮ʱҾãû߳ˡ
˭ôۣ֪ϴԶŷ˼յŴԶŷأ
⳽ЦЦסŷ߰ɡ
ŷСʣڻȥô
ȵȣҸտܿɹȥʲô㲻˵ͬԺ۸㡭̧һ¶ŷ°ͣǹһĨЦ
˵գгԼķзܿľɹķ׷˹ȥ
ڵʶʮһֱйעǵĶԻ˸߰˰ˣҲպÿŷǳһֻľɡ
ǹоˣվľͷԵʮӵľͷķٶҲܿ⴬ࡣ
ܿ죬֮ľ볬ʮοˣԴ
ôãƣ
ȻҪǴ˾պ߿϶Կ
Ȼ
ֻݵСߣģҲǴܶŹʱŬԼ
Ǵжûϵ
ңۣˡ
ַһ·Ѿ˽ˣܿɫףȻĵ̫ࡣ
ľԽԽͣһƬͣ
غֱܿ˿ð΢΢Ŀûʲô۰׵۾һ˲䱻ɫ˵ʱɭɭ
쳣һ˲ת۾ͻָ糣
ǰǹ֡
ɫܰ
ԶľŤŤǱսʬ壬ǰʹĶ
в¶𣿡
ȻûСܿҲǽɵģûĵͼǴƬӾܵ£С
ڨڨһͼ
һͼһƷʯʵҲֻܿ·û˷Ǯ
ܿЦһĴһƷʯãɢˣô죿ôٿѵģʯҪҪ
һֵͨøˡ
ϴ˾պҲûͼɣ
˾պͷ
ǰӣüͷԾָ˶ε
Σ
Ҫ֣µԹ֦Ӵͳָ֦ʣˣǰ·֦ţʲôҪشںǣУ֦һܶ
ֻҪס㣬־ûʲôΣա
ܿͷ֣˾պ󣬰
˾պһ֦һŴӣû߼ͱһؿ֦ס˲֦úܣǡô۵ҽһ
˾պæ򿪴ӣ˵ֻ˿ڰĴߴ¼ӿ˽Ų
˭Ҳûע⵽մһѪ֦ðĺ⣬ܿ죬͹˿磬̶ּ죬޺
ҡε֦ϣһֻŵ𻺻ſ˫¶һŤĳªɫ䰵ȴйϲ⣬۾ǰǰĸڴӣУһ˵ļϣһ۵̹⡣
ʱðɣ
β˵ŪôһŴ۵Ĺ⣬С۾Ҳһ˿˵Ѫâ
˱仯һǰеٶ
ͷܿͷ϶һ㱡СѾۣʱʱЦҪԹ֦ϣ˾պǰû׼߶ˡ
˾պޱǰߣе
˾պƲ¡
Ҳǲڻ֮пƲ£ͷһغ˶Է֡
ֻ˵ֵ̫֮ǿܹһֻ֪ԵĴȶŮĳ֮С
İףɫò̫üһֱţԵء
οɫǱþӰӣôͻȻ⸱ü۵ĿѲɣʲôõķ֣
ζڴﰵй۲죬˿ܹĻþӰ졣
ȻһȻܲסҲ֪ʲôµĳҧƴȥ
νסҶ
ۿס˻ʵֻʩչһѪѹѹ
ҲѪѹͷųһ˲䣬׷ĹͻȻоһļ£ſ˫͵غ£ȫȫİס󣬹ٴιϣһҲҶ
𣺸ոʲôϢ̫ˣ
ܿһ֣߳һȥͳͷ㿴ͷСӶײײظ
˾պɫ糣һκû
Ƴһ˾պļͷ漴ҧ´
İɨһۣ˵̫࣬Ϣʱٶȥ°ɡ
̧ܿͷɫҡͷУ֮ǰڻǱ߻ײ⳽ǣ䡣£ͳһº˼䣺۵ӣøԼѰɽڵĿɽңŵĿɽضҲ֪ڵ֣Զʦ֡
ŸԸľ⳽Ķʦ㣬λԭһˣôΪһЩԭֵˮݵĹϵǵµ֮ʱȻ
ĺûٸɹɱ˵ӵ¶ԺǸӣο׶༪١
Щ£Ųô
Źֻ涨ڽֹ˽ȶʯⷢʲôֻҪûʵ֤ݣǿɲܡ
ܿȻ˵ܶǰڲġ
˰ʱڹϸϽͬɱͷ˴ʯ˵̧ܿͷһԶάɽ¹صҪ̫ʯŲѲŻɣ
૵£ûʯ粽ء


19 ̰
֣̾ܿߣȥץֻ
·ʮ˳Һܿ͵˰ϡ
°ɽǺ컨һļֻϡĻǷƷ¶
ٹ٣леġ
ѰӲҿĻطĲ¶ץòˣҲ㻹ֻ©֮㡣
ó׼õ¨׽һװֻһֻɵ̫죬˭ûסؿź˰¡
һż
ܿһۣǾȥ׷
˵գгľߣȥ
ȷ£ܿŲؿŶ꣬ղű鲻λתͷ˾պֵòͺҪѲ¶ˣݳһҪץסĺݾ
Ц
˾պɲݣģѲ¶ԵôãС򼴱ӲҲˡ
ܿδѣ⳽͵͵ʶ±һϷ
˵⳽һŻ飬ע󣬿Ըһڷ黹ԭһֻʩչһΡ
Ǹ£û׼֪Ϊ׷һֻµ£ὫȰˡ
˭ðµ࣬˶ûɶöû˭Ըܡ
Խ£Խ۽ޣֻˣһһ·׷ٹΪֺŵǡ
ܿ͵ذ֣׷˵٣βС丽黨ݣС佻񣬻չβֵǮĲҩһ߽ݽѲ
ôֲָʶһ⣬ҪȥλôƫҾͲҵǵľλá
Цһҵˣҵмǲڹ
˵꣬Ƴһ۰𨣬ʱˣͱùˡ
ԱߴԲˣ͹ȥ£Ҫ鷳ڻȥײϡ
𨿴˾պʣô
˾պֱۣغ£ӵϳһĢֱ
˶ɵˣصĢɫޣһжɣ
˾պµӣ̾ҩͯӡ
ľأܿ˶ߣȼõС
ҧгԼı䣬һ»ɿ֣ǰ·
Ѿߵ˳ˣңڶʯʣ޼׬ȡʯ»᳹ʧȥ־
ǣһɣ
ܿѹʱûϸ˵øǽжЩ߽ʿʶǿһͻᱻ͵ȥ
ôŨ˵βСǲڵģֻ˵һһ˷ֵĶ츣ء
ԭܽŵģ⻰۾⣬棿
˷ܵץ˾պӣײˣղŻߵ˾պȻˣһǰӰζͼ˾պץһߣһŻ磬Ҫ߳ԡ
꣺
ܿƤֱûע⵽˾պʲôʱǰȥģңһʩٶȺܿ찡ոûãȻѧ˻ơ
µ£ɳ࣬ſʱ沿ʹԸ϶һ˪
𨣺Ҫû𣬻Ķ档
˾պ۾һ
飬ð𨶼ˡ
иӳˡ
æͷײһ´ӣҲײ˾պСϣһҪҸ㡣
˾պһǿߣݡҳߣ㡣
ҲΪȻܱôһ仰
˾պһ˵һߣ̺۵ڻ谵ĹԵøɲܿһͻܾôпûô˳
Σ˭ˣô
ܿüʵҪܡãҪײ׺ݵĶˣڵĶ򼡣
˾պӦõǺܿ죬ֻûãץֻڴС󡣬ŧݣȻо綾
ʱŸ˫۾һɭĸоȻ˿ȴ˸Եų֣ӵˡһ˵һ߸ŻȻǱĻˡ
ҲܲˣϾ˾պҲ
ֱӴӴĳβһ˦ȥ˾պĶ󡣬ͷӣҳԣҾ˺ơ
˾պһ۱ӡӵֱ˵Ŷ
ûҲ֪ں𣺡㲻ԣ
˽ʳ˾պ鲻ãˮܿɫҲѿû뵽˾պһز¶Ѿ˰ٶֵĵزʶǰ챻йĢڲ̫ı仯ɡ
˾պʶ̧٣ҲԸˡ
ڰ𨣬һɫȻǱ˾պԶΪĵˡ
ʱĵϺãһ·֣ߵҶû˽˼׷ͷ·տڲԡ
κ󣬰𨿪ڣߡָķɽڣ·ߡ
ߵɽڸǰ˷ɽĶ棬㣬̼ܵĴëȻ
ɽˮˮ̲һ˿ʶ档ϡĳʵͣ
ܿɽѬһ󣬺ܿ죬ͿճһƬλáЦŻͷ𨣺ȻǬҪ㣬˭뵽ﾹȻж졣
ͼɽһϸϸѷ죬϶ȻʯƣȻһؾڡ
β嶼ܷɽȥ˵⴦Ȼ󷨲ڻԵɺ֮ɣǶʮа˾ơ
ͳһ̣ȡС죬ָٵؽеСɽڣһСҲʯں󣬲ɫС޷Զ볯ϣһӭ𺽵Ĵ
βͨ󷨡
Ǳֱһͷȥܰɽڶײʲô󷨶ƿ
ʣܲƿ
дȷȻγɵ󷨣ͷӦƬ򣬾ǻδֵĶ츣أϡͷҲõĶȥŵǿһ
αôû˷֣϶ҲЩǧ˰ݣһȺ˻Ϊ߲һҪǮţΪԴƴ
˾պˡµزܿǰҪݣɱ˾պͶڣ˾պɱ
˾պԭǲɱͬšĺĴħͷɱһͬŵӲź
Թ˵һ٣ɵ㡣
ѹûҪ˾պͷβ˾պûʲôһ·ܿ׼֣˾պʱ˵ҪٶֵԣĶա
Σ˭Ļ֣
ʱʲôģ㲻͸¶δ̫Զľ飬ôҲУһǶ̫ˣ
װε˵˵㲻˵ȥΣ˾պ϶Ҫ׷ҡ
ţλеġ
룬˵˾պٶȺܿ죬׷ң˰˳ɷӦ˳˳ظ뿪ˣ˵ξԭпޣӰ쵽δ췣֤չǣ
װţѽһǲǻᱻѽ
һ˵һӿԴðͷͱɨһ۾ɿдйܿͶƣ뺦˾պ
һдһĹСǰӵģô˾պ˼죬ԹӶˡ
ͷһ£ϵܿ壬ʵһӻˮ
ǸƣԼó󣬾뻻˵
羹лͷΣǺΣա
飺ʵ̫ˣλ٩Ҳ˿ֻҪԤ¶Լͺá
Сһֹ˼ʲôȵ֮Ҫǿͷʱ췣Сѱ


20 
ܿ죬ѷ컺ſһͨ
ܿǰ̽·ǰ׼õһЩĩ࣬ѷ죬˦һرѷס
ת֮ʣһ£ɫؽһָ׸ǴССľ˱
ܿ죬Ķٴζס϶һһؽһɽھͿط˽Ҳѷִ˴쳣
϶ܳһʼֻһˣԽԽ˲С
ڼ˼ֻʵǿĶ棬˺ɱ˶ΪӦСȱҧ˸Ѫ˶δˡ
ʱǰֹ
ܿСǰ·߳ѷʱ˴˶ڡ
ͼǰϿմÿһɢ⣬Ʊֿ̧̺ɴ
ǰƬԲεĲݵأҲͲ¥СԺС
ϵĲݳЩ֣мĿݻƵͰ߲ԴïʢΧһԲ״
ǵҲһѷ죬ѷڳһϸϸᲱβСķ䳲͹ϣķ䳲֦ѹ
˶ڶ˾պ⣬ξÿˣֱʣɶöû
飺ƲγȻľ󷨣ֻʱж̣ҲݶѪ΢ֵǮһ
ΰͷ̧֪ΪԭûٳѪΣǧݶϵģģдҩ
ϸϸһ飬ǿᲱĸҶ¿һƬ۵İɫҶӣȻǾѪˡ
Сһصõͦϸѱ֡
˶ֻڣʶ΢뷢ѪΣ˹ʺˡ
ֻǡ
γ˳ûѰκϣ
ܿʾ˸һԭ·˻أصѷͳһŸķֽڶڡ
طӦγɲ̫ãͷݻδ򣬵˵ŵҶҪһЩպ˵֮أ˵ã˭Ҳܽ˵͸¶ˡ
һ˵һһɨס𣿡
æͷӦ£˾պѧСƵİͷ˼£ֻһֱ䳲飬Ȼڲۡ
һϵǲɫŵͷ
˾պŻúܣ˶츣ĻԵͷԼʲô
Ѫģħһʧ
ܿ᲻ȴû
γܿƵҩЩҩļֵĽˡ
û֮ǰЩɵ㣬Ҳỳſڱܺõʦ㣬Ȼʱ˿̣ܾܿͼ
ҪģĪš
޷˵
βС䲻ˣϢȥװж̵ıʯڷ䳲¡
һԲ󣬵Ȱʯ䳲С䶾Ρ
ǶЩңǿҲιȥܿٴһ˾պļ򣬡£͵ÿȥӽ䳲
Ƥһ˵ʲôܿһۺְϡ
ʣҪǻСûбô죿
ʳܿһȥȻˣܲ˾պ
ͳܿỽ𨡣
ͷתڴǰʧ
η֣Ϣޣۿʧ޷λá
Ҫ֪ʶɱȰǿ̫ˡɸ̾츳㣬ܽϢ޵˾硣
ͣһ棬ҪϻӣܹЧϵϢ仯һ
ξȥϻˡ
Ҳ֪ľϻʲôʣƵʶȻ͸
дͷһӥצ飬Ӧǡʼͣһ˲żд㡣
⣬ݡ
ȻǸš
֪λ⣬Ҳͣɣ֪׺ݣܸðֵ¡
űʯСؿβС䡣
ܿһһŵͽָΧ
βС䲻ֻ࣬Ҫǵһ˵ǶܵӶ
󷨲ϣҲѾĵؽʯŵ¡
ûбβС䷢֡
Ȱصм䣬ܿ󷨣ʯһըɫ˲佫û
ɢǶĶֻǶԽԽСȵʱܿߴ˾պȥ
˾պһֻݵԱһٵس˳ȥû˿ԥسŨժ·䳲ֻͷ죬ȴʱͣ£ֱӽժµķ䳲׼õĴ
صʱ˾պ䵽ݵϣϵѪΰ𣬷ɿװߵĴ
Σ
˾պôεģ
̫ˣõˣ߳˾պܿ϶ЦȻһ̣ϵЦݱȡ
ͷϵЩˡ
糤ìһ̴˾պ壬׵Уֺһɽ֮ϡ
ע⵽մ˾պѪһҶƬ˱ߣƱյðˡ
ʱġ
˾պѪжҰɣħ⵽вʱǷӡħȻҲֿˣȻ䶴ȴûмƣǽɿ˳ȥ
˿ŷ񶶶ɲͳ˱צצƴ˦ֵСˡ
ΣʱСӵͬǻηӦ
У𨷴Ӧ졣
ſڣڿ³һײ飬ʱɫ䣺ڵʵ
ܿһһȾˡбӿٱ䳤˶˾պҪϻ
û뵽ܿѡˡ
תܵŲһ٣ľϻϣͼľϻȻһںڹײ˿зϷ
кڹܿ˳˾պϻء
ʱĶѾܽѷ֮С
ܿ˵˾պ󣬰𨱳źڹ׵ڹױγһ㹻Ķơ
ײڶ֮ϣ͵죬ڼϣܿ죬ĺڹױͳ˴ССİݡ
ɫҰףһ˫۾ǿһ۰ˣͫѪѪۡ
𨣺ҿֲסˡ
ѿڣ˪
ܿͷһͷƤ飬ֻİȫûһ˿Ϣһ߿ֲĻʬ
ײʯףЩ̵ģѾˣֻںͨŭ
ܿתͷĿǰܵһȳһյĶ걳ϣԥص𨣬취һ˲
Ӧ£ͼܿӳ޽ס꣬һ˦
ã
סϼ˲򿪣Ҳû˰
̫ȺǶ
ΪлɣԼ·ȴڿܿԸͬʱЩӷɵһƴҪΪ赲
ֺαؼ
ظЦһ£ζȻʧ֮أƾ׹һССľӡ
ǺСӣܿͫһҧгݣλλС˾Ȼȸ߽׷
û˰𨵲ں棬һܶʲô£


21 
׵еĶӦĲҽҲΪȻֹ
ʹͳöĿѣּѵ̧Ҫþȫ߬סǰѾƮԶ½ǡ
־ɢ֮ʣ͸ǰȥʱʹŤϳһЦݣˣҲܣ
ܿ˫϶зٶѾﵽĿǰܳܵļޣѪ˳ſ£ڵһѵѪۡ
ΣٺôȻ˶Ϸ˾պ
׷ǣڴ˾պʱȻһξ̲סЦܾЩͨˣצ
Ȼһ̣ξЦˣΪ׼˾պקŵĴӡ
Ҳǣڴĵط
鶼ȻֱڴСֻǸ飬ǾͱʥߣҲ֪öЩʶǿһЩѹûκս
ʶǿȴֻܹܿ
鲻ϣֻܻѰ
ǧһ֮ʣҡԼҲĹ⡣
飺
Σһ
Ť֮ʱҲԵĻζ
˵úأֱߵκ˾պ˵ӦٽŲб
һʱڿͣһ˲ɵۡ
ܿѷ죬ֹڣ˿Ȼһ̣µٴ
ԵĴ򶷺ۼһƬսĲݵأԼϢȻ϶ֱֵʡ
ߵץֻۣǰ𨡣
Ȼλλ֮һİײ⳽ǣֱ˳ͻ
һԶ࣬׶༪١
Сˣɳžõ
ⶴѨ˿µҪռѾвͨȥ㱨ƣֱӻȡԴ
ܿ۵ó˵£ȡƸͼԹ֦ʶ·ŵͼϱעλø˹ȥ
ûãͼһÿ´ݲֵʯͷ
ʯͷϻƹ죬续һŤ
ˡ
ƵĻԺи֡
żڹ֣ʡµķڴֵʱ򾪶ϢĹùֱӽ۵˾պץߡ
׷Ҳֲͷϡ
ãûϣֻܽ͵Σյľ紦ˡ
סҪģˣͰƤ
ܿ˾պߵ˿ľ
ԽԽţֱϼƤһ㣬ëҲһÿƽƽĿȴһǿҵļ¸С
ȵ²ȵЩֵʯͷʱӽŵװͷֱܿ˾պ˫ֶˡ
Զʱ߽ʶⷢ֡Щʯͷ£Ȼ׹Ƕѵɽ˵ġ޵ģÿֶ׹񣬺ùǶѸΧ˸̳
һҲٴȥˡ
ܿһᣬ嵽ڣ㽫˾պӽС
ȥʱ˾պֻץĸ첲
ܿ߳һ֣
˾պޱ飬һ˫ƲžĪ}ˡ
ܿһصҪ־͹ƣҪ
˵գĵ˾պָǣ
Ҳʱ³һУܿĵҩƿ˲ըѣŷһƬӨӨĹ⡣
ǡ
۹ۣ
ҩƿҲƸģһ
ʶһܿεѣܣܵõ
Ӱдܳ˲䣬ͽûһ˿ͳµһµİ׹ǡ
˾պ׹ٶȺ˹Ѫ⣬ּŷߡ
ϤϤżĻ˵ѾǣΪڡ
иˣԣ
ޣѳԣ
ѳҲţҲҪԣۣѳԣ
Σ
ܱң̲סЦ
ЦЦţЦˡ
϶Ҳҧ
һֻһڣҲܽ˾պгɸͷӡ
Ϊ˾պѾ˹ȥȻʶһɨ˾պ˫ĿԲ·лԾõ֮·𿴵һ˾ش£һһ£ô򣬻Ľ
ѵһ󣬷ɽĻ̶գۼ䣬ǻԭ
˾պҲһȼյĻ磬̼ϲ·ŵĴӶ˻ҡ
Ӱ죬ѰͲˣۿŻ鼱֮͵Ŵ죬ֱӽ̽˶С
ۼֿβ;סѪκǸװСĴӣŪĶҪǶ˶ϧ
̾־дûǹζˣֻա
̵˾պһײصףҳһӣҲһƬڵû⡣
ħӡҲײС
Ѩһɽζ֮ڣһ
״졢СһĿ׶żˮӿ׶ڴ⣬ҲоĶ
дΪ͵ĹסĴڣСǸ߽𣬽ڵĶв٣һֻոͻԪӤڵ㲻Ҫ
߽׹һ˵˯Ѱ꣬ǵڡ
һûд˵˾պĶûͷĸ߽ѣԸǵĶѨҴǣͷǲѵġ
ȻԭУ˾պںֶǴһŹ棬˵϶Ǿͷĸ߽׹
ǵ˾պΪ˿ڳԵ첻µزµƣʷһתдԶ
ʵʵԱΣնһ£еͷһֱ˵˾պ
˾պֱ۶ϣѪģָ׹¶Ѩ֮ǰѱܿ飬һ˵á
˾պнĸ첲ɿС߻ģЦһ£ѵſӣȥҧЩսʬ塣
˫ֶֻܶܶڡ
Σ
ǰʲô졣
Щ֧ѪΡ
û뵽ǣһЩʬ˾պϵ˾ȻʼֱָʱдһζҪҩľ裬ȡԹڡ
ڳԵΧĴ뽹ʬ˾պϵ¶Ƚȡ֮һͺƷ󣬽̵ıӽ̶֮дͷðҲһ㱡˪
βˣΣø޿һЩͱ˾պץ˻ȥָջָͿʼߣ棡
һεؿ̾ҲԶᰡ
ֽ߬ţζûһ飬ܾԸѾճˣʹƬһ㡣
ֻתС濾Լůӡ
£˾պֱӽץȥŰһСů¯
ۿСϹһȦº£ûӣ
ůҾˣڻҪů棿ǲˣ
һС
ۿ˾պѾ±ߴʱδ֮ж˵ˮɱ֮Լһ
˾պ¹ߵֶסһźؽθ
Լů˵ĸ֫ѡ
ˡ
ֻʣ˸ͷǺ塭


22 ػ
ԹΧʬ˾պûԱȡβϵѪκСӣѪִװ۷Ĵӡ
ƶɣֻ˸ûг𻵡
Сͷ䳲˹˾պѪ۵ָͷ쵽εߣ򡱡
ŭ䲻ΣѵطôѪ㶼֪Լһڡ
һؿף˵ˣֲ̫ͷ
űǰɴˡ
˾պ˵Ҫι㡣
һ˵һǰ֡
ζپ
ۿָͷҪˣֻ죬˵Ѫ
˾պطУȡ
Σ¶ѪҿҸϴ裡
ĹĵԱΣ˾պЦһ£ֹβͼ˵ԡ⡢ô㡢͡ˡ˵һһģͦأÿȥƵġ
˵껹ԲĶӣһɻ󣺡ôŵ𣿡
ץѰˣ̵ԼСˣǵطҲ屾֮öʻʯװʲô
ӡۡѪ߰ĳʳ
ǿ飡

ιС˾պȻãһֱ΢΢̡
ֻһ̣Ȼ鴤һ£ţͷֺݺݵز档
Ƥ£ŤƵһ鲼ȫ
飺Ѫˡ
˾պΪ΢ھ˵Ҳ
ݵѪҩԺڵӵľ˰赼ͬڵĺ˳խСĺӵֱܳԵĺӵ̡
˾պͨڣľϸȴ㹻ͣסǲڻ׳
ܿ죬ͱó࣬ζˮУӵˮ˾պָĵطȻСɵȪȪˮڽӴ˾պ̵ֱս塣
߲㡢˲㡢Ų㡭
ƣĶѨһӨӨ⡣
żˣдõЩˮᱻֵġ
Ȼֹˡ
ֹֻܷƵڵͿһƫƫµĺۼգ۾ͻʧǣ˰죬ҲͱʼŵĵطиСڵ㡣
ΣȻǸճı顣
Σķʱ̣ӻһЩϽҸǿһ󷨣ܶõҲһЩˡ
ʵʵڵϻơ
μͦãܿģȻѹûá
飺󷨷ĽľǻȻɣһ֮ˣûаˣõ󷨡
ʣôҲУ
Žͣҵĵ֪˼һУȴ޷ֱӸԤ
οŵԼĸ·̾
ԣ뻭󷨲вͨˡ
̧ͷϿܲ˾պԸɳⶴ찡
צצûֱΡ
˳ʯ
ʯڹȥʱࣵһ죬ͬʱоԼԴЩܾͷϹһСǱҧһڡ
ͷҪˣ
˾պֹףƾˣ
˾պ˳ͻڣҲʱһ̶Ŀ׶ڴţǡ
ڵȶ˫
ͷƤ顣
ŶǴصĹȪˮºˣͱ˰ɡ
ԶһâԶǽOO@@˲ʧ
ѾˣˢˢдԪӤڣ֣ûˣ
ӣ´󺧣ɶԪӤڣĶأ
ǧһ֮ʣ˾պ̧ͷ۾ɺת̣˫ĿƬҶȻ̹⡣
Ȼָ֣ٻЩģˮһȻ
θоԼΧһСĿռ䣬ƾնһϡ˶ΧխúܣҲߡ
飺󷨳ɹˣڴ˴˺һµĿռѷ죬УԪӤڵҲֲˣǣ
ΪһɴУ˾պ
ʶҲȫúܣ±ˡ
ü̫Сˡ
˾պ㲻
飺ҲǲʲôΪ
ο߾飬ڤڤ֮аţҲָָ⡣
ǰ˾պһָۣŵߣ˸ĶţۣתҡҡλΡԶ𽥿Ľ⡣
ֻ𲢲󣬻½ӲӵģɵûλƵģû˯ѣǺ˾ơ
ֻһֻС˾պȴоǿҵļ¸У𽥱̵תΪڣмͫȼССĻ硣
֨Ķû
ȴмԺһĶͷǹǣؽԽ
ʹ֮µ˾պδŽɫҲһУХ罣ƿգڿнֱ
һŲŻ˫ѹ
ſ¶һ
ҶüۣӣСڣСɾ£ȻΪλĹϵûаУ쳣
ͷ˾պĿ˾պȡ
飺˾պ
ѪΣΪҲͻƵڵ˾պϵİѾʧˣ˿Ƥۻհ˿ǵļ
ֳЩȥԭеһɬۣòӶ
޼ɵش˾պʱ˾պ˲˹ȥΪУ͵ǰһӣնһɫâ
ζɵˡ
ŸոͻڣȻܶԪӤѹ˭ĵ֮ç
ȻҲе£ûϵôһֻСӣȻҧԼ
ôһСѾѨ춼ᵽϣ깥Чֱӻһ⣬ײܽ˶Ѩ˾պ
Σ𹥰϶Ǿú涴Ѩ̫࣬ʺ϶ء
ڷǻۣеͨ

˾պ𶴺ξͿˡ
С϶оԼתѣ΢һ£Ӷűϡ
ѵذ쳤Զ𶴣һſ£ġ
ͷԽԽͣŵ
ֱӸһԱա
ƬСдģġ
ҪȡõƤƤõںԼϣͱ˾պţٵһʱء
̧ͷһ˫Сɵ۾һˮ⣬˵֪
ʹ
˿̣кۡ
֮ǰָΪ˸ȦһСز
뵽̧ͷ֮ǰ۾ôˣһΪʩչĸԭʱ˾պ϶Щ
ħɱ¾ͻ𣬸ոջвΪػҵͷǲ˵ԽҲھѣ
Խʶ׳ԣԽûгΪħͲԭĵ·ɣָβ֣
ζν򻹲̫˽⣬ʵϣЩļʲôţΪ˹Ըһ㣬ȴòȥܵʲôȥ̽һͷνĹ
飺ԽԽ򽣣ؽ壬Ѫħ׽ڣ϶Ϊһ˴ĥԪ˫˫ɢ໹ʣ˿˿Ʋ
ԽɢɢˣʶҲһ̾һͷܱ𣿿ħͬɱԹɷȻħԭħҲȫͬһȫµĶĸ塣Ҳڵ˾պд˾պĲǵǸ²Ľܡ
Ϲڣûֱӽ˾պݺޱ͸¶˳˵귢ûӦʲô仯ġ
񡪡
Ҷ޹صǺܾԺŻֵľ飬ǰ͸¶һҲûʲô⡣
ʵҲǸոճͱˣܶʱҲǰС
һۣϴοɲô˵ġϴΣ˵˾պѵħĻҲܾš
Ϊĵ㣬ָ黹ʲô
뵽˾պݣβӾͺﶼˣһӣߵѪȿԼ̳нԽ־ֿΪֻɱ¾ħ
Խûˣ־ȴͨ˾պֻ̫ħݺѹơ
һ˲ô⵹ҲûֻԽҪ֪ħ˵»ޣǹײİ嶼Ҫѹס˰ɡ


23 
۾΢ᣬ ˿Ҹ˦һβͣÿϧΪء
ͷ˵Ҳ ȿԵֿˡ
βͼ̵ͷ˸Ȧ ԼľҾˣҪѶ˵ɴɡǰ ں󣬿϶ȵǿ
ͨЩ βпչעܡ
ڵĿ Ѿ˺üֻ
׷˾պضѨ ٱѵ𶼷˳кüֻɵ˿ӱߣͷЩ̳˵
Ƿֲ˲С϶Ρ
Ȼ⸽Ҳ뿪ֻܼڷ϶
϶û
ʱ
ÿʮʱڱסѪͻ᲻ȶһʻֱӱΡ
ϸû䣬 Ҳȫ
治Сıˣἷ϶
νˣĩ лʮ߰죬 ЩҪã
ιֻ˯Ҫ˯ض˯ ߯ô˯
飺
˾պոǴصȪ ƾ ˵ǵĶѨŨԣЩһʱ߿
Σˡ
һһڣΪʲôһǸо˾պʶѾ˰
ֻƲдǽˣʶԳۡħǻһУԹ۶ɣܽɹΪһصԽĴС
ԭﲢδ£غδ֪һ飬Ʋ߰˰Ѿˡ
˵õǲʱſܴʶնԼ
˾պ۾̹ʱ򣿿ϧǻֻſ۾ˣѹûʶ̽һ̽
ͨԼָʵɹ˽ٿвͨˡ
ãɲʮΪͻ𵤣
˾պᵤˣʵҲ˳ƻָʱΧЩɳȥ
ûд֣ʼڵ϶˸㣬Ǻˡ
ڨЦһ֪ܡ
˵յķɡ
飺зз𣿡
ֱҡͷ㲻㣿
飺û͡ѾԱˡ
״ΰڶ£˵ˣơԿܴܲҵǬ䡣
ΪǣʶҲſһЩƣӦеϣ˰ɡ
ʶעָڣò˿һ˿ѷ죬ͺС޷رľȫ򿪣þҲֻ̧һϸ졣
ڸӳ׺֮ǰοٷֳȥͣʲôûţʶЩ
ʶѾ޷ٴʩչȡֻһȥˡ
£ִ⣺ԺҪ˾պЩ޵ĸ߽׽ķҡ
Խʲô
̵ڵд֡ԽĽдΡ
Ŀɿڴûд
¯ҩʦϰֽдأǴΣֻǸ˸ֽо
ԽЩƻ̫󣬽ƻΧĻݲݣϧľʶ˴˽һɢнҲһԵĽˣΨһ÷紺֦ͷΡ
ֹǵԲз۲ְ̫ýԽĵѩӦڻСΪǸ߹Ľɣȴû뵽ǸϧӣҲ֪᲻˼仰֣ϷۣͿ֬Ѭ㣿
д
ȻķܸӣΪһûӴ޽Сμǵúץ
ͲֱӸһô
飺ʶǿһЩˣҿֱӴʶ֮Сдڰɡ
ڡڡ
ݵĵڼ죬ͻûãͱԭΡ
񡭡
Ҳ֪ʱػؽ𵤡
ΰͷдҲţӲ˰ɣܼǶǶ٣
ʱ䣬γ˼¼ķǳԴ򿪴䣬ʱ䣬һ۾͹ȥˡ
һ˿ĴǬ䣬ȴʼû̳һǱ
ˣʹصԼβͼڳ˸ȦԼ
ԣ
׼úʶָ̽ŭһ𣡡
϶򿪣ҫϱߣȴңɼ
ֳһʶ϶һΣ̵˶
Ҳôһ˲Ĺʶȫľһǡٴκϡ
ǰƾճֵĶЦ̡
ôһд֬
ôץһд֬ѲǿһֱڱεĽ͸ôһжԺͿ֬Ĩ
׵ˡ
͵ΪɫҰףɫڴ˺ܶĿ֬󡭡
ֲõԤС
ųòÿζ̵ЩûõĶɡ
ϢգսһΣ˸ıһƬҶ֪ǲǱǬķ˿ռԵ
ľҶܱҪõġ˾պѪҺÿս࣬ʮպҶϵϢͻˡҪڸѰһʵĽ
Ǿܾǣסĵطµ¾ĹʱǶݺѡһԵƿܲѡ
˾պһʵĽ鷳ˣҲƷϽףõĽӦǵԽùķɽĶȥ
ſҪҶţ﷢֨֨֨Ľ𡪡СﻹװֻѰ
˰ɡ
״̬ã϶ܼҶתȦҶһС۾
Ѱ󿴼˱Ȼϲ
ʣҵıܻûбıѽ
û뵽˵Ͷţ˲ԶǸС
˾պ֮ǰָӲٳĶ
ʱȪǴӶðġ
Ҫڣռ϶Ŀﻹвߵ𣬳һʮֻ߰
ڵĶֻǵѾһɫܺñϡ
ԥҪҪһѵʱѾѷ졣
ȥʱವı䵭ȫڰ֮С
ڤ츳ˣΡֻʵޣױơ
Χûѣ˿Ҳ϶һڡ
һȥ͵ĵºУαˬˮﻶ˺üȦ⼸ڷ϶̫ãò׳ɲ͸ֵҰһˡ
Ҳˮεò졣
˷ܣСһֱͣʱʱᷢһ⡣
ѰֱӶԽһ˵ԤʾűƷԽߡ
θƨɺ棬ûãˮ׷һЩƯʯͷ
˵ʯͷҲ񣬸ˤƬľƬÿһƬ涼ɫںڰˮ⣬ߵĲơ
κϲЩĶ
ЩһûôɣƳһӶҪˣʹҵȫ޵Ƭ
ҲɵˣϽ˫צ£ϹǸ
ѰѪ׺Ҳܿԣֻֻ˵̵ĻҸ˾պһֲ̫һһġ
ҡˣҲ֪ô¡СԴ˵ģ벻Ϊʲô
ѪҺܵ˾޴ѽ
һɥΰοϲĶˣȻûǺÿѽǿԼȥװΡ
βͼһԲεʯͷƬС̫ףֱӴϡ
С̫ԼĽɫһξСضƯһЩʮɫԡ
һƬƣһɡ飬ϸϸһѽܴĥĥĵʯͷ﷭˺ôһƯʯ飬ҪǸС̫СѾŵһСȭͷСİеʯͷװ
ȵνһһЩʯƿ΢΢һŤͷ飺ǸʲôˮС磿


24 ǳ
γ¶Ѫͻĥ
̫ˡ
˵ܻѰһЩϡŹֵĶģ Ц
֪ɽлҶɳӵлݵ㡢гֻҪ˵Ѿͻβͱ䳤Բݡ˼кܹܶЦĻ
ʶĶЩֵֹйءҪ˽ģȫû̫ӡ
ճʱֱǰֽһţ ʱ֪ʶҲһЩͼף Ȼ˿̻ǰĻͼϵĶԲϡ
һɫСƬϣ 綹 λ磬 ֱӰǻϨˡ
ʻʱ Ѿͷ̽˹ȥСһ
飺ǳ׹ʱγɵǳЩƬǳƬ˴׹һǳ
ǳǿ Сʼһ٣ǳ½ǲȼյģֵܼڣ ΪˮԵʡ
һãȻ ֻһһ½磬ҲΪͨΣ½ϡ Ψпͨӵĵ࣬ ˮʱ޿̶ģ ֻضʱŻ֣ܳΪ켶ţΪڵλãˮ䡣
һǳ׹䣬ʹϽӳһ©ŻᵼЩˮΪϡٻδʿ֣Ⱥ˱ˡ
дûһһдĶֻܸҶƬص˽Ʋ⣬С磬ǰ𡣡
һ£ͻҷˡ
д𾢣ͣʾͿξȻͷȥ磬ʱ־ŭ㵽ûд֣ǰܾдˣϣʶǿʱֱʶϵôĲɡ
ͷҪдͺˣȻ
ֻһСƬȻǻƶСĻȻƮϡ
һػֱֱţоԼƱһϸֳ
Σ˵ʲôҷ𣿡
飺
˴дû£ûﲻ
ҡͷͷǵӶ֮ǰһЩԴֳܶһȦԵС߶зԡ
һĬĬдȰҪ¡
˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôҿСͺУϨˣҲ֪ôһӦǽСˮףǽСƬСƬûţȻܵͷȥˡ
ͷеȣȪѬ࣬Դ΢Ρ
һϸʶʶʱζûܣʶϣ鸮ʶ֮С
ȵʶƮһС磬βŽͰ͵صշǳʶˡ
飺ҿˡ
ԭ飬Ҷ˵ʱǳѾȫϨֻʣЩƯȴõĲƬϧǳƬĥ͸İСʦΪ
ǳ𣬵ǲܾơ
ԥҪҪдȥʱ̧ͷͿκѰѾǰȥݵظϣܡ
Ҳ֪
ȵκͣһ޴Բǰʱֽⶫɲ
ʲôҿҲССҲϲ˵ʱСƮ˳滹Ͽ˿
簤һƬ¶ɫ滹һ仨
Դִȥˣκ鵲ǰ棬ԼתС磡
飺дˣֻƴס
ͷȥʾԼҶˣſʼдҶ۵ĻԵ˵Ͻʿͨеķһöָһ֡
ΣôȦȦȻǸָָָͷж֣̹ž𣿡
ԱС
Σʲô
ףǧѣҲôַϽ֮ʶ֮УֳʶҲһǿҶ۵ֺʶԶͬףԽɱеĵɱﵡ
ˣˮ׵ĴָҶ۵ҪΪڻҵǱҶ۸緢Ҳ붼Ҫ롣
ָܾеģղСһ
ΣҾҲá
ԴᴥһСɫֻú΢̵ĻϴݹͷϹİû֮ǰôˡͨͨǽָǸֵ
ԼصһͨͨԽԽ
䡱һ죬ǿҵļ¸дദһֱֻס࣬ݺݵһ
ǰâӳһɫָײ𻨣һۡ
λŵһģγһԶ
ǽâеǽָҲĪˡϸۺƱ׵У˵бţкЩƬ䣬Ѫ߰ߡ
һһʼһɪɪ
Ѱ󷴶ûʲôӰ죬Žָתתצӿ⡣
Σ𣿡
һڶף˿Ŀһίؽͣûرһ¡
ǸָȹңܾȲߣ
ĪΪԭԱǽָ
һ£˵ǸǲϽģǳͽָ᲻ᶼйأ
أѪǿ˯һͷ
ΪܹĴʵڴ˽۷壬Ȼ꣬ʼûҵ
ǰΪѾˣȴ룬صϽ磬ԵŻѰţ
Сʣ𣿡
ƽʱŴģؼʱ̵֪ˡ
鱾شȻͷȦɿɰСܾԼʸӶһأдûô׵շС磬϶ѪйϵԭûдҲԿ϶ػش𡪡Ͻ磬ǿ׹ǳԼöָ
׹ǳǳŻ׽㡣
ģҲ֪Ҳ֪ǻǳ׹䣬׶༪˰ɡ
˵ûжϽ̫һЩļأͨӵĴ˵ʮǰϽ籦֮սȵȡ
öϽҲô
ڿǳƬָʱȻȻ֪һЩѶϢ磬ÿһǳ׹䶼ܲǳ
ֻǲſԡ
Ͻǿ߿ԼܶǳΪǳ񣬻ΪԼ
Ȼǵֻһšǳ׹䣬ԤʾɣҲҲΪʧΪˡ
˵εﻹţ϶Ҳòɡ
еأͻȻ֪ϽѶϢе޴롣ԭΪԼ˽Ƭأʲôûס
̾ʱѾʼҡβˡ
ˮҡΣϲö˵
ûдϣһڻطž۵һ졣Ҷ۷˯ĵңʱһȥδŵǰһߣָ˻˻ͷģԺҺ͵ٰȥҶ󣬱ˡͷСӣŷѿһЩŶ
Ҷܴ㣬϶ΪҵϢ
Ƕɼͷһ£͵͵ȥԵף
ŽָΣһһ
鲢ûоֵָʶȻδѡ
ʲôȲߣŽڡҲûĵصһԡ
ҲʱѰȻˮҵţȻΪ㣬޷ˮС
νˮ̽СأָΣһС϶ȥκȻ֣Ȼص֮ǰǸɽС
˾պɽڣŨҵѪȻ
˾պ
˾պ泯ſڵϣΧĲһƬͷϷֹΪ
飺֮ǰͷֶҲе϶϶ͨľ𶴡ȺϲĹ˾պӹûм׷ϡϾѾõҪĶ
İš
˾պӲ
ȰβҪȥԱߵȴûδüʣѾ͵͵ǰһء
дʣСһЩֻϲ˵Ѫ
˵ô˵λеţ޲ŵΣС߱򾡣
ȵͷϵʱ׷׾۾һ
Դǳ𣿡
õ϶𰸺εʱ֧ͦصε˾պߣϰԵҪԴ˾պʱӦӽԭأ˾պλã۾ɬҲģ
˾պ𱻰Ƥ
ѪģһЩɫ״Ͻһ֩
ʹûȥ֪ʱŻ
սһˮ˾պϣҺ˾պϺ˲䱻գЧ˾պ˸棬ˮɫ˿״Ȼˮ
Һܿ챻գμЧһ£ѧ˾պʱӵӣ˾պһˮĤ֤Һɢ
ֱԼȫեҲ²һˮβ̱ͣ˾պĲߡ
ѵġϤľʹʳ룬һ붳ڱѩأһ뱩ɹڴĮɳ
Ȼ͵ʮ
΢΢ͷȻоЩԾͷһӳĲ˾պɢҵĳһ
κ촽ѷһ˿ңˣ
ʹ䤱ۻûȹϣšˮ
ŵͷ
ʣ˾պôˣ;𣿡
ҡ£ҡͷ
˵ÿأҲ֪ԭ˾պγȥġ
ȻûдԼ
μѵط˸ſ˾պԱߡ
鼱ֱģд֣Ȼ˿βûۡ
ſѵ촽ΪһѪ˿
飺ѪȫѹѪűˣûҺ
ȵο³һŽӲӵӺֹͣĹĵձߡ
Σѽˣ͵ǿ³ġʱΪ΢޷뿪Сأˣ鲻ܴƣó˾պ
ҴɡЦһ£һ۵ֱֻҧʹ
飺ô죿
ΣƬҧ
鲻дˣڿתһȦʾԼѾת
˾պ죬˽ȥǸ򵥲ĶȴЩˮŴŵ¹
˾պܵľйһգᵹ˾պϣ۵ÿ޵
飺
ˣȴֺܽۡ
ûãʹʱֿʼֹ
ҿһӣŮԼıˣġƫͷһ˾պֱ̾ȡҿ²ȥ졣
˿̵˾պܿף׵ȥ
ֻѣɵȻ
Ŀһͣϱѿ
˾պͣһ˲һȻԼҪ£ʱ
ܡУˡ
㲻Ը黹ǵȡʱûǿű飬ǵõȥܻܲδ֪
۳ʱ䲻ˣֵתת˾պ˺һƬ½ǡ
ȾѪĻҲóϴɾظ˾պϡ
ȥĴ
촽ɲǣ˾պļۡ
ϣסλãв𶯣ɤӸɬɳƣһͿֱǺᡣ
˾պֱضڳ۾ҡҷ⣬ǻкԹڼХ塣
һ˫۾ϣ˲͸ֱϺë𣬳޲ΡΡŵˮô䲻µ䡣
ľս֮ʱ˾պתתֻϣŲ
ʵ˿ʹ˾պĻһܰס
ʶ࣡
ԼǿЦݣ°˵ԡ
Ӧ֮˿̴ڷɳǻȻ󡭡˾պյݸסˣ
Σ㵹찡ſ˵Ȼʧͼ˾պͷһ£ֱȥ
Σ
ôǸʳ̣Ķôó
ҵӣûҡ۵뷢Ƣģɳ֮͸һ΢֦ͷϽ׹δ׹Ļ
˫۵˾պ΢΢üĽ۾һϸ졣
Ρ
ǰһˣһ֮С
ɫףѵĴѪ˿һ˫۾ﺬˮ⣬䣬ǲ㱡Ĳϣ˾պоһϤ
ģѿڣ죬ͼ˹Ӧ뽫ղſӸߡ
˾պһӦҧأֻһΣݺ£֮ʣʲôĶͻأ̽룬ݺҧĶһ١
ԼҧȥȻδмܹ̼׺ɾҲ˲հףָʶ߬סʲô
յüʱҧºԷ˻һصʹ
˾պĵʹûǻһɵϢһõζ
뿪˵κοкŵӱĴߺ󣬺һڳ룬ʶģֻƤԽԽء
һϮµŮվУһůɫĹ⣬˺ҹǶѻ
˻ѣҹŲôߡ
ڣҲûôˡ


25 
ȡ λ˯˹ȥʱѾСߡ
СְܾƮͷϣ ͷϷЩµ
˾պûѣȴ˺ܶ࣬ ϢȶΪ
ΪһȦһ
϶һ㰵ɫƤ Ĺ£⾪㤿ɲ ͸ضĶࡣ
δ󾪣ô ҵ鶼β
ɲһ㡣
С η鵤ҩÿ춼ݰƵҩһ鿰ȼƷɵڵ˾պβá
дҪɱֻƤҩʱÿǡ
κˣƫ߾飬 ҶҪ
˾պ״̬õġ
û£ôֲỊ̇Ϊ𻹻š
ָԭ״ ɱֻ𼴿ɡ
˾պԭľǸƫִ񶾵Ĺˣ ĴڣˣôǸĶ񶾷ɣ
һųڵ ˣ ҲΪߵ ΣҲͷ
Щʱ򻹿ڿ˵˾պС򳤣С̣񡭡
鶼ùˡ
ͷּʹͷƤ
æƿߣϵ֪֪ˡ
ԭ˾պô뿪ģ벻
أʱѷ촦˵ţͷϵಷȥ͵ײ
ΰͷԶԶƼһѪ۵İ񱼶ϲĲԭǰɫȾѪѾѪȫʪˡ
ͨխʱ𨽫ľʯڷ϶м䣬γһš
ľδüصһ˲䣬һ֮䵭ӵµķ϶й˹
ءһ죬ľըƬ׷ڰǼʿ㣬ֱӱ壬һʱ䣬ҽϡ
ڴ
ǰһֻӥצצǸմѪ̳ڰરવµѪˮ
ϸͷְ˸Ǳӥצˡ
һѻ
ĴڣʶغʩչϢİ𨣬ǰӳ˹ȥ
ʱȫİʯϣͷЩʲסͬţÿ˵ǻǰ档
ˣ͸ֵˡ
Ѿʣ޼Ϣܿ޷ʩչǺܿͻᷢʱҲᱻǶ壬Ѫ͹衣
ˣô죿ǰӥצӿһƬˮ󣬲ΡΡȥһ£צ׹һֱץѪۡ
£Ĺ⣬ҲϨȻۣǶؿӥצͻأǰɳɽ֮УŶڵһצץ¡
ˣ
ɽﾹбˣ
Ȼûй϶п֮
ܻţ˭Ҳ
㣬Ҫþ˻ʹӥצͣһ˲
ǿҵðѪҺȼϨĲҲʱ̻عⷵձŷҫ۵ĹȼһֻͣΪһ˲ı
ɽֱ˵ڵԱߡȻһվǿй˴룬һѪ
οɲ뱻һѪæŲӣͷ˾պĶߡôһͣڿеĹצӲ˴̼ƱǣɷӥһХץ˹
˻˻μý
ӥǰߣӥצ⡭
˵Ƥһˣһ뵽ӥצൽ˦˦ȥξ;ˮʼػˡ
ӥצ֮ʣͷϻһ˱С졣
ڵϵ˾պͻأ̧֣ͽ߬סѪӥצѪ֮ɷû·磬ӥצХʱĦ˻𻨡
˾պۣѪһƬ
ɲǣɷ֮ɢƴݳǡһȣӥצһϡĺֱԺԲơ
˾պ߬ӥצϡ
Ϊֱ̫ϵļһɫĹ⡣
ӥצߣ˾պſھҧǲһ죬ӥצצӶһأһſɲ׽Ѫ˳£·еĲצ˹ǡ
Σ
ѹպᱻͬųΪ
⸱ģǶʲôѰŵö겻ˡ
һ̣ӥצ﷢˴̶ĲҽУŮͯ
˾պüͷ΢壬沿Щ仯ӦɻӺζȻǰ̺۵ͽôһƱÿҪѿ͸ˡ
սսص𣬱ֱǰ·ûˣŲԱߵСʱκһ⣬㣡תͷ˾պ
ؿ˾պһʵĶͬʱӥצؿһΣѪ罦
ӥצı˿ӥצϼˣһߡ
ѵؿڣ𣬱˺ҽ㡣
㣿˾պظһ飬һֻ֣ӥצһ
һӥצƾ¸СŮŮãٲȻƲлꡣõȹӣվԭأһãȻ
ֱסƬ̺к㡢㡭
СŮ޴͵һ˿ʣתͷһ㶣˹ȥŵغôˣ
徶ֱ͸Ůͯͷ˿Լ˫֣˵ҡҼǵ¯
飺ӥצ飬õ׺ݵ鷨ӣǸҲײаӥצϵɷ֮а֮󣬻ججѡ
ڽñͷʹ֮ʣ˾պҧһӥצǲǲᣬԸǳԵûͦ㡣
צӥצʱֻʣָͷ
Ľαüǳ׵£ˡ
еţԭû˾պ˾պĸ֮һھȻ˵ƫӣܻ
ζһۣһǻ᲻ǣ
ۣ
ֱ޼ҺڰϣӲͷƤס˾պ֣βֱһ£˵˻˻˻
ձ˺˵ߣֻ˻˻˻෢һ򵥵޷˳
Ҳ֪ʱʶ
û˵ǳֱǲ䣬ǵ˾պ
˿̵˾պֺݣ۾ﶼɺһƬģǻڶʳҪ£
˾պӥצӵһԣ˫ץסС֮ӡ
ú˾պʣ˿˿㡢ûһȹӵġ
ɨӥצϣ˾պ뷨
ͣһ£۽΢΢̣ǳǳЦһ˿޵ᣬڿд˸תշǸ΢ζ
㡭


26 ҡǮ
˿˿ ûмһźȹĽ㡣
ǰſɲԺֵ︡ȴδʱգŷ۾ӣʱƮƮȻ֮У βͼϡ
۾ụ̂Ϊ ڵ˾պѾӣѹħħԣ һˮˡ
κҡҡͷûУû ʲô㣡
û졣
һȥ жϹ
ŲǸϹ۽㡣
Ϲ еڣСԺȹкøУǲպСʦƲµӰҲСһЩ
òĲŻһֱ
Ҫȵȵȿɣ
˾պЩʧشŶСߵӣָɨÿһƬϸۣȴͷһ ˾պС߲ϣ˵ȥǱ߿
֮ǰ˺ȹһƬ½ǡ
ʱ ½Ǳ˺ɫϸۣ ո˿˿ȫмƬ˵ ˿˿
鲻 ·ʱŲ ϵһӺʲô
˾պι
˾պ˿˿ܱƯ㣬϶Լݱ¶
˾պңҾװ֪
ƽˣǺǣǸĵСɰ
ʲô
֪ǺȹС㵫װ֪
֪װȴֻ֪ܵ
T TԶԡ
˾պ϶ķߣǰһЩ͵͵˹ĿǵϻԵİ𨡣
˻˻˾պȥ㵱һڰԱߵ򡣽ӻڰվͱ˾պ˻ȥüͷȥۼֿץסһݺҧһڡ
ǲһ죬Ӧϡ
֮ǰ˾պζϳȴ˾պ׵ҧں̫ײˣ
һݻ˭ҳ˭ŹɭɭǽǶŵ÷׷ɽˣڶŤһ黨
˵˾պ϶һѲʬзһƿӵҩŷһ̣Լһõֽһɫҡ
Ҳ˲˵ʯ˸߰˰ˣʣµֵǮ
һõĵۣס塣
Ψһľҡ
һֻװŮͷҡ
ײʲôǾȻȻý
˾պصڣ򿪵ҩƿͷֻҩҲֲʲôҩ룬ֱӽһ˰
ǿ￴ãջûסԸ
ǶҲܵǶӳԵ
ҩ˾պʼ
ûã˹ۺֶ£һŵط𣬿ӥצڲԶ󣬰æС
ûӥצ򶨣ֳܷģ硪ΪνϵɷʧӰ٣
ʶһԼ
ıѾɿ壬Щɷʴ˿ڲѪѽ衣
һУ˾պйء
뵽תͷ˾պл
룬˾պ˰˵ͬٿҲɭɲˡ
˾պôȥҲ֪·Ϊ׺˵ԽԽˡ
ʱǰ·Թ֦ЩûУ˾պһ˳ȥ
Ҳһݣʱȥûзз
µ£ʱܿľûззĻڵΪӥצڿзѹ¡
жǰͲܿѰˡ
˾պ֮ǰѵֽóأ
𨿴˿ҡͷ˵̫أȥŵ޲ܼʹá
˾պôȥ
𨣺ٹգȻǰѰҡ
΢΢ȡҲпɽ
ͷ£ҧ촽Щ˼˵ǷŲʯ˺Ƶģһ²ȥһʯʿ̽ҲصĺǣܱǷ
ˡ
ҪǮţ
˻˻֪𨵽Ƿ˶ʯ
˾պһۣʣǷ٣һ۵ܳС򻹸Ϭأ֪ʲô
𨣺ʮ
Ҳ̫ࡣ
Цһ£Ʒʯ
Σ
˾պһ쵽һʯƬҲ飬ʮԻһƷʯһٿƷʯһƷʯһǧƷʯһƷʯ
ôһǷе࣬ѹõ˴
ʺһЩĵӿǰ֧ȡʯʲԭǿֱӽŵģֻʱŵĳҪҷ㣬ҲԸ⣬Բûǰڡ
˵ǳױһպҲħ
ǽ㣬ˡ
ڰ˵⻰ʱ˾պҲ
ǽ㡭Ҳˣ
Ҳһ㣬İ·ܵ˹ˡ
һḧӥצһ˵ʯҶɷˣҲ֮ǰǿںϻӡ
Ǳһץߣǿû׼һͶ¯ĳӥצ飬¯ĵһ¾ͳʦࡣ
¯̫ˣԹɷڽϣΪܹѣɷ֮ɣҾ취ǿڷɷס˵۾ֺˣ񣬹ľǳ׻ˡ
ڽɷôˣǵһμԪʾԭģСŮվǰһֻ̣ЩܵĿ඼ֵһᡣ
ֻҪѣԸκ¡
ɷ˵Ϣ³ƽʱϧ˵ûôຮ⣬ĻԱࡣ
ҽаס
˾պ˭Խʯ𣿡
˾պĽֻʯ
ش𣺡ҪãҲúáǽȡʯʸܽ١ҽȥͿһվҡҶƬҶдʲô֣ʹܽʯ
ŶǿɼֱΪ֮ڶҲǺܿصģǰط˷ԵǰвٵЩԵֱԾţֻЩ굹Ǻ˵ˡ
˵͵һ˾պ
̶ʱΪͻ񣬶ȻдԵ˻ͻ͡
ﵱҩͯӣֻٳģһ˵á
ڣ϶ҲˣλҲǸӡ
ôһ룬̾˿֪˾պˡõĻģȫռˡ
۾ˡҡҶһͺ˼
棡
Ȼһ֮ųĶⶫ붼룬ȥҡֻ»ҡһ
Ťͷ˾պΪܹҶ۰ķɣӦҲɡ
ֻҪҶ۱ȾС
գ˾ͻѰҡʱ䣬ֻ켴ɡ
˾պѱ۴УӥצŵʣʦǷܹɷķ˾պΪѾͻԵʦ֡
˾պһ£ͷ
𨣺ԸʦΪŷʮķұʦ֣ؾѡΪʧֻһڷ֮мЧŷǰܿģһǷ֣Զ£˷ûӦ
˾պûӷָֻ˰ŵӥצ
ӥצҲŮĲлٴ֣˾պűɪɪ
һ㵣Ĳлһ˿ߣ˾պָϡ
ֱʱŷӦƿ˾պС
˵ʲôԼҲ˾պץס
òƬ̺ߴӥצƿ̹Ȼؿ˾պ˸񣺡պʦֲǲ޶ġ


27 Ǯ
ʦֳڣ ʲôľҡ
˵İź󣬰չԼļֵ
˾պ涨ʱ겻Сͱˡ
ȥ󽻲Ҳ֪ʲôͷ
겻µ ҵýܷʿһ˵Ƿһʯ ǡɫ˼֣Ǹӣ ˭Ҳ֪ʲô˵ķӡڲõûûɵĳͷô ˭ҽ񡣡
Ȼȥˣ ǻµžǹض࣬ أûԣʱúܽš
һ£ԥԥ˵Ѿڣɽţݲ̫һ㣬Ըմ ѡֻ塣
ΰ룺û룬˾պǰ塣
ÿ³һ۵Ϊ׵ıɽԼ 㵽ʱȥɣ
˾պͻأأ
𨣺ΪŮӣ ѡʱῴǷֲ׺ͣҾáƳ˾պ˵ݣصʦֿܲóֲһ
һ£ ٴͳһźɫߣ涾Ũ ʦ뿪ʱԴߡ
˾պӹߡһۺ ߴԼϡ۾촽ϵطڵʵʵͷסˣǴ˸ͷס
ΣԭĹް
ݷħѵλ
һЩŲסˣӥצ£ܿͻ˯˹ȥ
˾պʱ£Сֻܰ³һһܷϡ
ԭ˾պģκڣôһһдҲ̫ˣȻ˵
β˾պԱ˯һ˯ѣǻ
ģͰǳƬ˳βͲȥײ
пƬԲΣԵĻͷų˻״ĺ
˵ǸעҶۣ˲õĽָһƬĥɸָ
ȣҪԲƬס
ǳƬüӲ˷겻ԼκνԼñֱβͼվԲƬмתȦȦ
鶼ɵˣʲô
Σľȡ𲻾ģƬҲӲɡ
ûѾˡ
̫ӲˣֻܵԺΪĥκص£ǡ˾պĴϡ
˫ֽӡϥǣѾ붨״̬ε˲䣬ָ΢Դһ㣬ָĦ¡
˾պ
̧ͷһ۾ţǳ೤ٲȻ붨״ִ̬ȥ˯
ã˾պۣСߵβ˿ŷ˴
飺
˾պ϶롪ôô
һ̣˾պȻضûκ˿ڵβͼᴵ˼
ǰûҩƣһ
ķ磬˵һеҩˡ
ʱ˾պ۾̹⣬鼤ҪΣͿ˾պٴαúڳģһٴν״̬
ݵŭΣ˯ֻ֪˯֪֪ʲô
ո˵ܸ˾պ

պ󣬹кʿѰ˶Ѩ֮С˳ʱͷϵС˻ȥʶ
С翴Ÿˣԭлƶֻʣ֥ҲзӦͺ˯һ
β²⼸ΪػС˲٣뿪˵غˣŬдǬ䣬óĵر
أ
ΪѨκβһ·۲죬վڶڽ˾պͰ´һ
ΪҪһͣ϶ͨôģЩΪβǵȵȣκκ˿֮ѹûʣֻóһ˲ûͺã𨣬㻹ǷŶʮſƷʯתͷ˾պƤһԭﷺʣôڣӦʯĻȥҵ֡ҽŵ
СǷֵģһ㣬ֻµȡһʵϱӦÿԷƷʯ
˵꣬˾պͰһģһŻƷǳȥзʮƷʯһţȥҵķ۵öʮƷʯλڳǼˣ
˾պûǮһյСܰ𨡣
һɬˡ
ŵЦЦ˲ˢˢһʣõġ
ȻѡˣͦˣϾࡣ
з˾պͰٳ϶ͨȳȥֱŵֱൽϡ
񴬴βиµĿˣҡϾһʹΣɣһ죬
ڼޱ̸ײϵķһ⣬ֱӱճ˽̿
ŵ¶⣺ֵʮƷʯ񴬴һͨ˾պûзôУҪȥǮ򣿡
һ·ϣŵڽʯĺôǰʯܿٽףΪˣ׬ʯ
ƵƵ͵˾պһֹģ
廰ŵһƳѹɽ޷ڡ
˾պá
ŵǺãǾȲţֱӴȥ󡣡
ϰ޳һɫ˽Ǳ
ڵһڣȥܿ㣬ǮϣҪһǧƷʯһĲʮҪľͲֻʯˣҶŵĴеӿͺá
ŵ˾պſڵǼǣ˾պľһһϢֳ
ŵʿ˿ӣֽ˾պ´һüʱ̣仯˾޴󣬿ܲ٣ŵǾͽȥɡ
ŵЦ˾պļ磺ҵĵޣҡʯ÷һɡСӣףˣҡһҾ㡣
˾պż
һȥĿһøߴɼľ
ɱֱҶɫҶ࣬лƵġ۵ġϵġġڵģÿһƬҶӶӨ⡣
οɳܵĶˡ
Щ壬ϲɫ޵
˾պԴ˵ȥҡ
æҡͷȥˣҡһ飬ŵ͵õ
ҡͷ˾պϣԶԶվһߡ
˾պûȰֱߵ£ʰ쵵ĹӰ֮С
ϡ
˵ɱһζҶӻײö
úһƬҶλƵص˾պֽ̧סҶƬߡ
ವһϣ˻˻˻٣
˾պ˻Ҷӣ֪
ţŵ⣬ξ֪ҶӦܻǮ
ɫҶ࣬ʯƷ𲽣ӹ˾պҶʿһţܶҶ٣
ʿӹϿ˿۾ɴ󣬾ֱӣһǧˡ
ŵϵЦ˵˵һǧƷʯҲаǰڴߣͷеþ
ʿһǧ˰Ʒʯ
һǧƷʯɶһһ飬㿴Ҫôһ飬˰ƷʯȫҪƷʯ


28 ʱ
ʯܿɱʿ˳
ҡ֮ӡ
֪֮ܲܿҡҶ
ΣȻɫҶϡ
һֱΪҡҶء
飬 Ҷǲҡ˺Ҷ
ͷд˭
˾պѡһͰ˰Ʒʯ ӹʯŵֱȡһɣ ʣµĲøͽ״װã˾պ
οǿ飬 ۷ֱǱ̣ﾰã ʱƣ ʱɳк вѪ֮ǹֺÿġ
ŵӾ͵ģԵ
ЦЦ˵һ£ʯˣûи߽׵Ĵ﷨ɾڵģΪߵĵӼǵòһЩ á¶һ㶮ûټ˵ȥ
Ա˽죺ϧĲܳ֡
أ Ⱥ˶Ҳ磬 ˾պϹһƤ
ڵŹ涼ͷۣ˾պôʯܲ˳ȥŶ
ǡʱ һֱûİ𨿪ڣλʦһһƷʯ ұһգ Ʒʯͷʦǻš
˵꣬ŵؿ˾պ
Ҳеţ˻˻Ӧ
ʯûһ·ȥûܶڡǿ̽ɵô˵ȥ
ֻһھͱץˣ飡
ǣϲǿŶ˻˻̡
˾պûֻܾʯȡһֱ˵棬ǲǲؽʯ˳Ե
ˣ
ʲôˣ
ʯĻǽʯ벼úõڣͨ󷨽ʯеתܣԺ֮뾭Ϊá
ʯЧö࣬ٻʧ߰˳ɡ
˭ôɣ
Ҳҧٵö͹Ǿɲֱҧʯɡ
ϣ˾պһһؿʯ
ŵƤֱһ۵ص̫٣˺ÿ¶ҪһÿɺĽҲԶ۳ųɣʯúúù滮С
һ£ҵи飬ҪҸɽ
˾պ˵ǲǲؿС
ֻгԽա
εǷˣ꣬᲻ֱͻڣ뵽ħԽļ̳ߣξԼˣ󵨵ֱӸҳ𵤣
ˣŵҲûˣҡҡͷվһߡ
Ž߿շУ񴬷ɵͦͣزɡżһƣײ͸¥
ˣǰеٶȲ졣
ξڴͷ羰
ڷΪϱмһ
ȡͦˮСÿͷ˳ϸϸһˮҲ˶֡
ȻǴģοԴͷһһɽ壬߿գмԹ
ԭ˾պջİ壬ɽ岻󣬸վ߷ȣǸ˵С
ߵֵɽڵĴеӲܽ롣ͻƽڷʸֵ߽ɽȥһֵϲܳΪĴеӣɽϵĴеӽˣԪӤΪ
ЩϢյСܰ͸¶ģ˵ָŵߵĿصǰǿͽ
ǿߣǿĶ
һɨȥµΪңĻǸڡ
ֻܴţ۵Ӱɣ
˵Ҳһ£ÿ°嶼һᣬƽʱ˺ܶģҶֲʦʦ¡ﾭվվ£ö˶Сطɰգ˵֮ͻϣʯΪˡ
ŵƳһۣͽʱͽĿ飬ûɣҲû¡
֮ʱһӰ£һǿտ롣һӣһͨͨ
ƮŰɫ룬ϸһһŰɫë
ŵ°һˣγĽܰ¡
߶ֱؿŵ¿еƽƽķӰʱëһѩ⣬ȴǧҳӲʲôûһѷ죬нһĸ֮
Ϊߡиϵʶеġ
ǸֵǿʱΪǽӽˣ߾ǳڶ˵
ٶȲ죬ǽԽԽԶ
һγɵĽ磬һܶһԿǵ
ڣѾܽˡ
ȥ֮˾պ͵üĥ޹ǣ󡢸ҩ
סţ¥
ŵʡ
ôȥ
ֱضǿĽԭ˾պǼ壬ǰ㲻Υ棿
˾պݵİλûд
˲εĴ㣬Ѿӹʱ׼ȥСߣݵддˣ
Ƿ˳ȥ
񴬷ɵðΪҲѾ˾պһڣˤȥ¡
ڽʯ˾պû뵽Сȥû̵ֱŷԾ׷Сܵ˴ӱߡ
νŵûһͨͨ
ʲôûֻǴӴ޵˿ӱ߶ѡ
գ۾飺ôΥ˹ء
˵˾պԭͻ壬ֻǰ˶ѣӰɣҶٴζʱǰӲͺˡ
Ҫ˵飬ǰοԼ
ûû£ʲôûֻ´
˾պԼҪġ
ҪҲ
޽ŵû
һ˫۾ﶼˮʱʹȴûϰʹںòÿֻһˣʱ͸ۡ
µҪǰԱߡ
룬Ŭȥ˹ϵëë
ǲһëë
ϲϢ˹ô˵ͨ
ҲǺŬھԼԾˡ
鱾һӻ𣬿ǸСҲ̾˿дʱ
£˾պʦʱ
û뵽д仰ηһ
˾պʦҲûãԽԽԽԽݣǲ˵ǸʦҲ⣡㲻ǰ˾պһӡ
ۿξɲֻдʱ˶þͻ䡣ȴûܹܽ
дŷӦͷһôʶ͸¶˺ľ飬ȻҪɳȥҪǱ¶˹ؼϢ¾ƫô죿
СߣԽԽװͬˣ
һһʵĶݽ˾պѾ׷˿ͷɫëСߡ
ڣСҲνһ˲صӡ
ѾԹνһڵĵӱˣͷŵͻȻҽŴӵλڳ
ת˾պ۾һâ
ӲŸոͻڣвʯСŵζˡ
Цһ£ߵӱߣʦʺ򣿲أڳʿΪߵģһڣʱᣬ׷Χ£
ϵŵҡҡͷ˵ֿԡԭͣ˾պ˳˳طţܰ죬ô
ǻסʯˡ
ûʯÿ¶꣬͵ϵծûþͻڡʵԶǿܻ
ʣû
Сϵıһ㣬еֵڴ



29 ʦ
ӱߵĵӶ˾պ˷ һʼΪζΪͬŲ
˾պޱ飬·ܲѹ
ѹûˣְڶëθק˻ 󻹲ģϲһȦ
 ˾պ߾˽ëϡ
뷽跨νһץס˽롣ë֣ ʱСȫͬ ˾պϲĴУ üͷЩ
һ ûܳϸ
תûûŪϡ
ĥĥ䵢ʱ䣬ΪһֱڿﲻǾû취𣿡һŭһϽν
еڽаνʱֻܵȴøš
˶Ϊ˾պʱ䣬档
ʮϢʱβ ܽƳӣһֱţΣ
˾պĥĥ
ͷȥ ҧϸ
ζϳҧ ҧʲô˻˻ŬȻǰƬƬ Ŀģ ԭزҶ
Ҷ ס˾պ󣬲ͷԼӵ¡ʵ̫ˡ
ǹҽϸ֪ʲôɣģһҧȥҧͣݶ˽ȥճúܡ
˾պҧ˼ûҧ
֮£Ŀֻܷŵ˽ϡ
˾պɿ˼
ʱ䲻ˡ
νӦúѡ
Χʵǿǰβ
ܸоó⽣ǺӲ϶ҧöѽҧϣ㲻
ճʯ˾պ˿̲ǺȻ
һͷһַŽ
չȥҧһʱûʲôǱŵĽȻˣ
ͺòԱһҪᵹһ㡣
ˣҲԲԣֱӡԣ
˾պסһקɽɳСţһķɳϻһĹλߣ˰ϡ
ⲻɢһɫš
ΧȻֹ
ΰΰΡˣ
ôܣ
ǽţ˼١
ϿֵŵֱӴӴ£ֵϲϲСֵܰγ˽ֱ壬Ժǰ;
һڣΧγѣ׷׺ϲĻóʯأĿ࣬ڰʯӳԵ˾պ˵ʳܹǿĵġ
˰γҵĽԶһŮͷգȴ䣬Ʈ˶ëѩ
˵Ϊ߾ڵŵ壬ؾصһ񣺡ݼʱ
ͼһŮӰʤѩͷɫñ̤
Ψһһɫ׺ŵǿеĽɫˡ
ʱ
ʱʱξ;ùֵֹġ
̤ɫ𽥿ʱؼƮѩЩѩ֮Уżһɫëϵëһζ
Ϊ壬嶥ѪͳϢС
͵͵飺ʱòǰɣһˣ
ͷΪ⣬ôֵͽСèֻǰ壬ϱ֮ϣλֵɽЩλǰ
Щ꣬ϵǢݾͲʲô
ԭʱֵɽĴеӣպܾ֮λĺѡˣȻˡϵ𽥶ӣݾսΣ˴еʸߵ
ҶΪ̫ϾǸ
ˣãµȴ٣ԸԵģʵû𴦿ȥĵײӡ
ȻǽôЩ˭Ҳβ͵ԽԽ٣ʱһ죬һ˶ûС
д÷ɿ죬οͷۻ۾ת˶ۡ
ʱͷе⣿
Ƕ˾պôôգָֻקβ
ñʱͷ
˾պץβ͡
ξ֣˻˻˻㲻ͽôץҸ
ԭʱɢź⣬ʹΪ͵ڵɪɪŵҲɫס
ѹ˾պ£˲¶ıӺ۾÷죬ֻקβ֣ǽһ˪
û֣ŭʱĿкһ㡣
η֮ʱͻȻЦһ
ͬɽȪˮɢĺ⣬Ҳдһݶ£߽︴յĴ
ʱקˡ
βͼ˶ǣСקˡ
Դᣬһûۡ
ʱ˾պռرǿԭԸˣΪ˵õСʦã¡Ҷѹʱ㣬ռҪ㣬϶ԸŪۣиүֱ˭ǺͿӵʱ˭ۺӡ
Σףһдô֣࣬
ˡ
飺дһ䡣
Σ
飺һɣʱ۾Ŷ
ʱ֣γ˽ʱĵӣո񣬴۵ӷҸһʱȥŽӡƷմʱ˽ɽ
վһԵŵ룬˾պŸС
ʱûӦһ£áѷţǰλһʱʵŵǴ顣
ʱǵûŵôһᣬʱӡ󣬳һºھ͸߰ɡȻҰ·Щ˼㶼񡣡
һ䣬Χ͵սľĵͷøͣ޲õġȻ򶼹һǵһ㡣
ʱȻҲ԰ѹҪʯĻֱʦš
Ƴܵĵһۣ˵ɢ˰ɣͽԺ岻аν顣ֿ˾պ
ʱ̤ⳤš
ǽ⽣۶ɣѹûʵ壬ȥҪ
⿼˾պĵͽ츳
̤Ͻźδ󿴣ʶȴǹע˾պһһ
ͼûţǽС߲˸ûϣֱȷźߣԥؿϽţվϡ
ʱ΢΢ĿСӣýϡ
ġȱ
Ϳߵʲô߶ˡһţĽ⣬ֻڣʮǼޡ
ôţʱͣʮλϣ˾պ塣
˾պһͬ׷ʦ֣
ֵõһˡ
ʱվϣͷȲͷţ
ߣס˾պ
𨣺ϲʦְ塣
ԥһ£һܸܲʦУ˾պ˰壬ֻҪһ֣еǵΪЧе֪Լܲ˾պۡ
벻˾պ
ɷʱȻɷÿ춼࣬Ҫ˶þͻٴӰ־ʱҪ÷æߡ
˾պûش𣺡֪ʦһҪʯܹʯʦְֳһ¡û˵꣬˾պҡ
˿лʦ֡
˾պûߣʳ룬ոЩʯһӸ˰𨡣
ʱʳиʱҲһСͯ
Էܸм
һʳǸСͯһש
Сͯˣˡ
ǸСͯ
ھ֮УֻҪһССݣͻм㡣
˾պһһؿϽţֱЩײǰʱĺ󱳡
ŲֻһͬУû·
˾պֻܵʦ
ķҵʱȻʶ˾պߵԼëҪըˡ
òװг嶯ʱ伸֣ϡ
ǰУߵ÷ɿ졣
˾պСܸܲϡ
˾պ·ζˡ
ʱĲôô죬ͦС߳ӰˣֱƮȥأǸׯŮɣȴΪһ˫űùŹ֡
ǰѪڰеɵ
ܿ죬Ǿߵ˽ŵߴ
ڵλߵֵɽԸһЩ
ڵĽֵɽϣվڹϣƽЩľķɽ
ˣʱٶȶ
ʱԽܵӰСһЩȥЩɽŲᡣ
ߴ˾պõ·ڲס塣
ʱע⵽ľȡһڵϡǺڲ⡣
˾պһƬڰ֮С
һǺɫͷ׾ԵһҲͻأԶԶţм¡
һΣڰȴնĿ
һһڣݲȵ̤ϽţһĻڵڶУҲ˸ı˶˾պĵһӡ
ԭУ˶˾պײСݡѪħ̸֮ɫ䡣
ڴҶĵһӡб䣬ܹӰ쵽ģҾǿΣˡ
ҲŶе졣һëȻĸоΣܣȻȴ֪Σ״Ӻζδ֪Ŀ־壬ĸҲ
ܳһʱ䶼ľ顣дǻһ¡
ΣգҲڡ
ͷΪԼһҪŬתҶ˾պӡ
˽ž͵˰塣
濴˵ģ߽ǸСɽէһһڵϵ׻Ҷ֡
ֻһȴţԵʣվ⿴Ǻι⾰
ʱվſʱƶ˱仯ָͷ΢΢ǰһһģƺеģ

ʱӹ˾պľƣָһĨͽľϵĻĨȥ
ľһľԭλþͻ˰ĴŶԣôĻϻлƣǸڹǡ
ľϵıǸʱҲû̻ľơ
ľƷһ£˵̫ˡ˵꣬ڿһץץסһëΪ룬ɿľһػ
ʩչľϹעԭͨľƾʯһĹ󣬶ʱߴ
ο۾һǿȻһµľơ
˾պûľƣҪ̽ͷȥմ½ðͷֱһָͷ˻ȥ
Լ½
Σ
ʱƿ˵ǰңλ
һľɫδһ
ͼɽȵиĲ֣ÿһƬľɫȫͬ
Ƭסǳӣٶʮ꣬ԪӤΪϲֲǵطļ࣬͡ŵӣҲסڰ塣
ԱסϲĹİٶɣӤˣ˵ʲӦܵõֵɽϿɵģȻȥζûڻɽմƬطȫǶѵʯͺͺһݶҲȥǱߡһ£˵̽š
Σ
ʦһҲˡ
һ£סıߣʱ˾պǱѩΨһ÷ǱߣǱߡ
ʣµƬһǱѩأǵطϿնƮѩããһƬ
мΨһһ䣬ʱһ䡣
ȻʱסĵطȴһƬҲɫ˿񡢸ָ˿ߣһƬĺ컨̲ݣԼССڶǧܡ
ɫҲ
ųģǱʱζ
˾պܴܲͲ֪ˡ
˾պһָߡ
ʱЦˣһǰһʣжϵģûѩס˭ھӹϵ̫ã
˾պĬĬϣʻ𣺡ϲ
ʱˣΪŵøߣһ̶Ỷر
ΪʦҲϲ
˾պ˿˿ϲ
ΣҲǡûУ
ȻϲɫĶҲϲôҡһڵͣôк˿ߣҶ컳ʱ֩ˡ
Լ˸ɫ֩
ʱҴ˸һͽǱ߰ɡָָһƬ˵ĵӷһ͸ʱ㻻·ȥðЩƷ
﷨ñһǿ鲻ܾôš룬üͷһ壺ˣȥСǸҪһ
С̫ˣ罻ҡ£Ϳ˾պȻǺε׹⣬ʱ˵СһҪҪң
⻰Ǹ˵ˡ
Σ˻˻ˣͦõġ
롪ҲҸ˭Ҳܸ㰡
ʱǺðɣҪ۸㣬ǵø˵
һ£תӦ˻˻öҽ
ʱȻ
˾պ۾һʦѧ˻˻˻ģҲֹ֪ɶ
˵˻
˵ֻбС㣬ܿԣ
ʱӸһö򣬡ѧ
ڵһԶʶܸ֮ͬ湵ͨ㹻ǿ󣬸ʿԡ
ڶڴʱ䡣һʶڣͻƽˣʶǿܹӴĸ࣬ԪӤԺ󣬳ǰֵɽµĸ֣ԪϽֱС
֮ͣһ鱴һڣʶ꣬ݡ
ֱԺʱסʱˣ
ôء
ֻһѪѽ
壬Ҳ֪ôܵģһҪסܱ¶ݣñ֪жͰԼޣ֪𣿡
޾ۣҲ൱꺢ͯ˷ԸɱУƽʱȲȼ򡢻ߵЬӡ
壬ûʲôͬͬʹùߡѧϰ֪ʶǱ;߱ΣΪߺȻȻ̬
ޣͽΡ
æ˻˻֪֪ˡʱϳûϳǰ
ԱƵдӣûʲô𣬶αװ
ݵط˸ۡ
ߣq(s^t)rС


30 
˾պǵʶ ȥСǡ
ʱžһ´֣˾պֱ˲ʱ˼ӡӡ
Ҳֱۣץ۶Ѫ ˳ƽַŵߡ
ҲϰԵһڡ
ʱôѪ
ΣΪҰȡ˵ϲ
ʱ
һ˵СӦò
˾պؿһۣĶ𣿡 ƺ̫ˡ
˿˿ϲ
˿ԼɾѪֱ΢΢̣ ΢Цŵ
Σ
ֻϰˡ
Ѫģϲˣ ռ
ʱȻ磬 ΢΢һˣ Ǹ˿˿ģҪԼȥղҡʯͨһƷʯ򵽣ˣٿǻ߽ڡ
˾պСǵݸΡ
̣ͦ󣬵ðŴſ û̽ȥʱ˾պ˶Цˡ
Σ
ȤСһ㡣
ôţҲˣ ŬŤ򿪣 ְѱǸ˽ȥ
Ĺ򣬱ľܽ˾պµӷ˹
ĵӷʮָΪף Ϊ࣬ ¿㣬 һɫĳۿʺһЩ
µǰעشǣ㴩·ʲôʱͻƽˣȥЩƮƮķ۰ɡ˵꣬óһߣһճȥһˣǸĹ𣬵ɱܺá֮ǰͻߴ
˵ߣȴһƬɫҶ
ȵ˾պҿɫ֣ʱķԸҶʱҶǻס͵ҶƬС¶˫Ŀ촽
ʱʣÿ𣿡
κҡҡͷ
ͷǺģ·̵ģһôô֡
ʱϸ˿˵ҲûбˡһץҶץԼϣŽҿñҶߡ
ÿ𣿡
ҶϣͲǸˡ
߰۾ҶڸǣҶӼǡָβԵβȻһǼɹѩһǺҶǿҵӾ۾ֱˡ
ÿҪԲһ㣬ϸڲ㣬Ŵŵ㡣
̾˿˾պ۾촽ͦÿطȫûŵҶץֻܽװɫ֮ͬǰǸɫͷ׶ûʲô
࣬ҶйһЩ
㻹Ǽͷװɡɫͷ׸ĵӷ
ԴӣʱĪ뵽ͷϳ˲ޡ
ˣʱ磬ҹҲ࿪ˣȥøԼȥҹУǵڡ˵꣬ʱҴ뿪Ƭ̺Զʯһŭ𣬽žͿʱһ׹˻
Ӹ˾պһ
ָ˸ָָܸպȥڶӴʱֱʧʹĺ϶һȦ
ֹĽָҶܱˡ
ʱЦԱߵ˾պĬĬ졣
ֻ˻˻
֪˵ʲôѽ
뷨̫ǿңٴγ֡
ǣζ֮ģŬط˻˻
˾պ֪ˡ
Σ
֪ʲôˣ

ҹУϱмΡ
ˮǳȫɺԣǵطλúʣһʼм˰̯ų棬Χ˸ҹС
ҹôĹء磬ΪߵͬŲ񣬸߽ʿҲԴΪҪʯ⳥
ֻǶˣһﲻˣҲɱŷҲ磬˺ҹΧ˸磬ǷΧ㡣
ƾΪʶڸߣڽ緶Χڱ޷ϵߡ
ڵӣŽɣ˾պҪҹУھ͵ɽ
ʱǱߣһС·ȥһֱߣĻʱ͵ˡ
˵꣬ڰ֣ȥɣҪϢˡ
ɽ·ڶɽʯףȫֱϸխԼߣ磬Ƕ±ϵһ
ڽϣǽľˡ
ΣҲߡ
˾պ±վһ˲ûôԥͿʯףʱٶһЩ˼׺ٶȼӿ죬ϵ·ɡ
ʱ˵·̵ʱ˾պֻһʱѵҹС
ҹкۣںӰ߲죬д˸Ӳӵҹ֡
˻࣬϶ߡ
˾պֱۣȻηЩ˻ǻʱʱһۡ
·ϡ
ҲĵӷȻڶ࣬˵ӷҲϲ˭Ͳһˣʱ˵˾պ֮ǰǰŵӣ·ܹˣҪϳҪ̫ɡ
ʱ˾պŵӷ
ǲ¶·˸һɡ
ھһľդ
վ濴ͷľ󣬽ȥ󣬾ͺƽһǳصļеС
ϵ̯λªúܣڵһ鲼ȻҪƷ
е̯λ͸ʽεۡпعΡб¥ꡢֽȵȵȵȡ
һۿȥۻҡ
ζҹЩСܸȤ˳Ѱ󷢻á
Ȼ˾պܸʱ䡣
Щ򵥵Ʒֶ˴ĳʳ˺ü̯˵ڣЩһҲͻһƷʯ
򼸸Կ¼Ŀհûʵֻ֣ܵ»ˡ
꣬˾պ뿪ҹУδߵ磬˽λСʦܣ
ŮӴɴֱ۲˿İ͹¡
Ƕε̯
ӣ¶ڱɴˮؿ˾պ
Σ⡭Ѳ
е˾պṆ̀
ͷ̽ݵسŮ˻˻
˾պͷƳһ۽Ůӡ
䣬̲ɱ⣬ֱŮӾһ˽ڡ
˺·к˾պһʱ˰壬ȥͼ֮ǰʦָĵطѾ˼ӡ
Ӹ¥ķ𲻴Σмһ磬ͷľᣬһţڲ࿿ǽŴ
Ƚ˾ᣬߵŴܸܵ
ŵиȪ۶ԺŨ˶١
ı̺ú˾պ˵ˡ
ͳ˶ذڵ˴ϣСӣ˯
κ֪ԭЩǸѽ
Ҳԣ˾պǸħƽʱ˯
ţͼ˾պѾתϣǱŴȥֵ˷˴ķ
Σ˻˻˻˯ˣ˯ˣҡ
Ҳ֪˾պǲˣ˵˾պ͵ͷۡ
״̬̰С˷ܵؽһʶͶС
ʶȥһƬ硣
оԼ壬ȴܿߡ
ڣããĻҲûôĻˡ
п鱮дڵע
οöܵӲãԱ͡
飺һͶУȡ֣󡣵ȻҪʶʶޣŪ򵥵
Σõġ
飺̫ʶʶùˣֻٽˡ
ͷ֪ˡ˼ȥգһ֧ʡ
飺Լ߰˳񣬵СһȦıʣʮָӡ
ε񣬶˴Ȱ

ҵɵŮ
ֺúοʯ
һᣬƴƶ˼׹ȵվȣѾվһƬϡ
Ǿ
ڵĵӽǾȵʶǿܹԽƬǰ
һ˵ڵʿܴˡ
ھϣ㿴ѶϢˮϻ˻Σ˵Լ㿪Щʯ϶д̲סѣǸΪӲĵϸס
ε˴ӣͿ廨ŵݡ
зġһġзɻͽ𣬻ʲôܻӭʦʦԼһЩϢ
οĿǰȺĵľ˾պ
δʦ˵ͨ˰Ŀ飿˭ô;ȻܰγλĽ
Īһոͻڵ۵ӣðˡ
һãϱζҸڶŵˡ
ڶʿͣԣǽɲƾܡģ޽Կ֤
һرǽţ̤ϣ˵佣츳֮ߣұĪ
ϼ˾պ
һһ˪ʮݣ֣ʦĽǾ䡣
ԽԽľȻô˿˾պ
ʿĽǿǿᣬ츳ȴ侪˵ĵӣȻݡĳͷסͷµԼԭˡõ۵ۡ
ֻǵʱһһȵ߹ţӥչᣬһᲫա
Σˡ
ȥԭĵľƫߡ
Ťתһ´Ҷ˾պӡ
ٿţλǰסĵطԺĲ¥˵ϸµԺĸֻһ
˲ⷢʣλλ
ϼλ
ٿţĩӵ񣬵ʱˣһ⳽ͷһܿʵԺǶġ
ܿ⳽Ҷֱ֪Ƕ֣Զ¡ܱŵߣͷǿˡ
ٿţʱλŸոͻ㣬ΪߵͬǴȥ񣬽˶ˣŻΪͻڡ
ˣͬԺˣ
⻰һˮĻ˲ʱãһƮ
һҸȥԺÿһۣȷô£˲ֻһиŮӰ𨡣
룬ټӰѻ
ٿţλνʱڸνɹʦ뿪ǰиŮӽס˵Ժܲܰ
鶼ˣðβд
ⶼ룡
ˮٴ͡
ļٵģ
ҧ䷢ģȻѣȻħף
ûѡ
ǻȷ˵
һ͡еײˡһȥͬţȫûûܵųͷɼûץ˵֤ݣҲ֪ġ
ʱһѶϢĳ𨣬ǸϢ䣬ʱرںɫľŮޣ
ۡ
ϢˮðˣȻҶ𾪡̾
Īʬ
һˡ
ϼѹ֣ڣΪ߳һ󾳽磬ССʩչģһŵľԭϲɫˣֻŮʬȻϼҹλ̯ˡ
仰֤˾պʱ˷츲صı仯
ôҲͲô̸ˣϾλҲˣʱܽҪǱײ㲻ᱩ¶Ҳ
μø˸
Үɹ飡


31 ըë
μþգ ֿʼ
ܻӭߵľҶۣŮ޵Ʋ£һаŮӡ
ǰлиϤƣ Ʋڵߡ
һƵģξʵ
ƾĻ֣ ôˣǷѾ˾պ
ȥһƵϢ С
˵Ѿ뿪ڣ׷׸̾ôһ ԺÿʯҪ׬һЩ
Σôˣ
飺ȻȫµݺòҶǰ
ðɡ
μй䣬 ɶ˼ ֱʶĵò˲뿪
ʶ˳ڣڴϴ˻˻˻ʹʹʹʶ̫ˣʹֻһ㣬ڱ˯һ
ϧû㡣
˾պȻ𣺡һֱδϢʮʱǴջƻˡ
Σ˻˻ѽ 档
˾պʲô棿
㶣ֱ˾պ̵ŷӦ˻˻˻˵ʲô
˾պʦǸһö ѧˡ
һҹѧԣ 湻ġ
˾պ˯ɡ´αô̰档
ָͷαͷܿͳ˯˹ȥ
˯ź ˾պϷ˸ӣ ͷװһѪȰĳʳ׼ú Ѱһš
ߵǰԺƿʱʱ
ȵȡ
˾պתʱɫ䣬һ
յʱûдñ¶
оݣüͷ΢򭣬鲻ѡ
˾պʦкηԸ
ʱһҾͳȥˣûĹʱ޷ָ
˾պʹͷ΢̧üһлʦָָ˵Ҫ
ʱֹ˵ͦҪġ
ȥĶ
˾պҹС
ʱй䡭Ҳԣҡ顣ڵҴһƣһ㣬ǵҪ¥ģҹоͷϻ˸ƺ«Ǽҡ
ˣûʯʱһ̯ҽУΪ˾֪׬ʯ׵ġ
˾պԴ˱ֻ̬ȣ۾˵Ϊûʯ
ʱһ죬ʼֵ̯
Ű֣ȥȥȥϽߡȽ˾պߺһɵУƮƮһ˿ϣûͷһ˿
ܿͺ˯
˾պʱҹѾˣûǳںһƬ
סĵطϹյ
ĽʱůĹâƺڰ
ǰδΪƣؼҡ
ڣӦˡ
˾պŲӿ죬ľƷϣſһһС
ʦ˯˿ϡ
˯Ĵϡ
ﵽʲôôƣڳ˯˺ࡣ
Ҫ֪ǰġ
˾պƺͲ˷ʱԱߵ˿ϣſ첽߻ط䣬ڴͷλȼһ֦㡣
ôһ֦㣬һƷʯ
ʦ
ҪݵƯ㡣
ҩ
˾պѧǮ
ܶѶϢԲѯȥ
ں˾պֱӱڡ
һߡ
ͷʢϹ̫࣬˾պһȥͿ˺ܶѶϢ
һһ˹ȥ
Ȼ󡭡
𽥱ֱһϸĽ

֮ͷˡͷߺУȻһ˯ʱ
˯˶ãȻʶָòˡһ˵һȥСڡ
ٲȻ񫡣
˯ʱСֱӾͷԱߣ˱βͰûڸƣѾ˾պ
һȥ˳ϲ˼Ȧ
Σأ
˾պٿţ
һ£˯ˡ
ôŹһϣ֪ˣô죡
ͦظͷǿнͣҶΪǺײеĻԺͲ۸ѽ
˾պͷ֪ˡ
Σ֪ˣ֪ʲôˣ
ηϣ˵ۡ
òҰɣ
̰ԼһţͷԼõȦȦ˲ǿֻ̬ҪҵƬκβң
ţξͷԼϱ˲㲼
ͷЦСΪס۾ҾͿأһʶأ
һ̣һʶʶײһƬããȻʲôƲˣ
黹ԱߣñˢˢƬһβڽţݵ롪򵽵
ˣ
ϸǵĲ򿪣ηһƬڰոջǴ졣
תͷͿ洲ϰڷһ÷
СɫĲҶһЩСϵûס͵˺ü۵顣
ֵǮĶЩСʯͷС顢һЩҶө档
Ϊһͷܳ谮Ůʲô鱦ûɽ˸򲻿Ǭжѻɽ챦
ɴʱ˿̣εֻʣǿںڰСǺ財
ܸȫ
˾պҡ
ÿҡһΣҡʲôʲô
ǵãʱĶӺ͵͵۾
϶ҡһҡ
һӴڹȥ˷ܵβ;ɣһΡ
֪ʱжҡڵû֣ζԼצ
ССө֦ǶȻһ㣬ײײطܡ
Σ
ҵ
ʯӶûҡҾȻҡһֻө棡
˾պЦһջشˣҡˡ
žž˦βͣβֱ˾պסˡ
˾պҪ
мСȦֱӰСȦףܿ͸
Σ˻˻˻˵ߡʱʦŪ˸Ȧߡ
ȦǴ﷨еС΢˵ֱӴβһֱӣԴס
ӹ𣬽Ȧֶβϡ
Ȧһ˦βĶײ졣
ε˻˻㿴ʲô
˾պشԹ˵βߣ
Աߵ鶼ûۿ޵ﻭߡ
˾պ
εĶӣ㵱ʱһЩǲǶˣӣߴӦúʲŶԣӱСǳ˶
ֿ˿ԴСôûáƽӣòҪ˰ɣ
߻ԣͻͷϳİһ˫ǡ
˵ϲϴװΣⱦʯ䡣
˾պ׬ʯĸ˵һ˾ͱȽϸ꣬ѪҺ
ΣҾܿЩԡ
˾պͷӦʦУϴķ
һ·ͬɫ˿ϵεǰˣر˸ý᣺˽˿ҹʱʶޣܽڡ
µӽУԪһղǿ뿪ǼУд͵ҩ̲ʶǿٶȣûеĻ
ʶ𣬶պв
ܹʱûôʯġˣֻܿڵʱˡ
ճǰǸºڷĴ㣬˿˿˾պܾͲǸɵɵС
˦ӣý˦û⿪βͼվͱ˾պקסݺһ
γʹԭһġ
תͷͿ˾պ۾죬ĿѪ˿ơףһѪ̵ζ
˾պһһٵǿ˵ܣܽᣬܳڡ
ߵˣԸħӰϵΨҶҵġ
ǰСʱܲԣ˵ʵͱɲ̬ǿӲ
׼˾պһӵ˲ήˡ
Լոձβͼشһߴһðӣ޵úġ
ˣӴҡ
ҪһЩ϶ôҡ
ŮФФĸħȻĸġ
˾պˡ
һֱָ쵽۾¡
θоԼ۾ҪϹˣûôῴ˾պϵԽԽᣬջɿ˵ڣڽлʶÿջὫƴʱڡʶףҲŻ⿪˿
˵꣬˾ᣬֱȥǰһƬյʶò֪ʲôֻ飺ȥˣ
飺
де˼顣
ԭľ飬˵ĴħɱйߣҲÿΧΣڣȻ˸ͷǷŭسأ
飺ڷء
Σ
飺˵ֵҩ
Σȷʵеš
ˣ˿ô⣬ӦòѰɣ
鿴һֻۣڵĽ˿ʶֲֹڡȻΪˣʶҲܵѹƣǽڣǿʶҲԶҪǿ
ҪƣԼΣܴ͸ơ
Ȼ˾պעĻֻҵƵۣĳȥ͵һǱƴȥ˲ͻᱻ˲һ͵͵ųȥ˾ͺѷˡ
һܿλãΪϽһֻʾԸĥá
ʵʵȥִ֮˴һһ㣬ðֵַ˯Ҷ۷ôھȻ֪ʶලˣ
ɵж
Ž顣
ܽĳһһʵضá
˿ĽƲѣν⿪Ҫ˴Ҵҽڣ˶
ʱվſڣʣ˿˿ʲô
ţĵȥܹʲô
˿˿ֲ㡣
ʲôƢôףһҲĶմϵģжøĸģȺúġžһ˱ཻ
æӴȥ˾պʱһָסԴֽźһӶԼϷײȴԷһƬ½ǶûʱʵûסЦԴײ˴
ʱ̧һץŴС߾䵽
˾պøˣ𽥱졣
ʱüŨɷָͷ񶤶һ˾պ˸ֻ¶˿ͷ档
СʱҲ˺
ȥһ񣬸һʲôʱľʲôʱٷ
ʱתҪߣμ״ͷ˲֣˵
Сռǿܲô̼
ۣ֮
ξԼھ˾պۣһͱƢ
ԭСʦá
飺㲻ƫ飿
黺дСʦñȱȾ֪ˡ
ν̧ͷֽдľ鲻ɸģûдʱ򣬿϶ҸҪ
飺Ҳ
ε˾պԴߣϱ˻˻㡣
ʱҾʦ
˾պۿɼķջߣͷ˵á
ܽ˻˻ͷʱ򣬺ƶ
˾պе޴룬ԼֽŶ޴š
˾պ
ȻǾΥʱޱͬ顣


һ̣˵
ŷ˾պ΢΢졣룬ĵز䣬ŲžͼԽԽ죬ߵĻơ
˾պͷŤһߡ
졣
ΣǲǱҧˣгӰɣ
ʱһôӻʱζˡ
һţֱҳӣĳЩ˾պ¶ԴˣȰʱʩչϣ˵ˣӾǾʶľʱҶƬΪ̣ġ
סԲ
һ˫۾ԲĴè۶мͫһϸߣͷ˺üǣըë
ΣʱʦһѪѲè


32 
ΣʱʦһѪ Ѳè
ոջúõµһ̣ԴҶ˲䷢ƣԼٶȷڣ ε䴸ɻҡ
ʱüͷؿһ˾պ˵
˳ֽγ һץ˺ѷʧ
⣬ ǳڵǿߡ
ΣȥĶˣ
飺ӹأ
ʱӦǻ˾պħйϵʶӹزԡ
˾պӹصĳǽ ǲ
еԼ
ʱʦԺŴ󿪣 Ҳδ
ſվһһŮ еһŨۣܵͭĶ̴¶ͷĸ첲ǿ׳
Ů޴ЬŶСϣЬȫࡣɫѿضŴӣૣҵľ񣡡
Ƕǵƣ Ҳ֮ǰʱǸ﷨ҵ䣡
͵䣬 ʱ˶
Ŷ
˾պݵʦ ĪǸ͵èè
ǡ͵ȵè
͵Ļǰӣ͹Ķ
ǹҪߣ˻ؿӱߣ ߶µ˻˻ɶ ʱڼҡ
ۿ˾Ҫڣ һӸǽֱնǰſҵҶˣһƣ֨졣
һŮ˲ǰгһ࣬ſڡ
ǳʵʵòͣһգۣͳһ֦֦ͷ˼÷
ٿʱֳ˽
˵ʱڼңȥʲôеĽ£֦ͷĺ÷лкɫĹӰӽ׹䣬лĻû볾
οеȡʲôֺÿġ
ˮ֪ÿҪûҵĽָóһÿ˵ֿ꣬ӣ֡
ͼӣһ壬ɥѾˡ
ҽȥʲô˼֣һһȥ˰ɣһƬڣӾ㶼ɱҶ࿴һ۶ܡ
˵գӣŤͷߡ
ԱߵĹòУˣǶϣ
ӣŲһ٣һֲʦ޴򣿡˵꣬ͷҲصػԼһƬԺӣԶζصˤ
ˣʱ˻£ʲôŮǲ
һݻʱҷǵָ˵Ǭˣ͵ҽָ
ˮ֪ĵСʲô͵
ӣŵӣǲ˼ʺԺͽԺʲôֱӴ߱ǡ
ôһ˵ҲڷֻõУס˵Ļ
ת˼ԣתԺݶûһͽܴʲô
ԭվſڵˮ֪ѾԭʧҲϣƿٴʱĶ
ˮ֪Ӹڴͽ˵

ô죬ֻܾô¡
˼ڵˮ֪ĿԹʱʦĽơ
˵ǹϵӦòѽ
ʱ֮ǰˮ֪ĵֶûᣬΪǹϵá
бΣ
ö룬˾պˣڿԿĵص
λػص䣬ڴϵСǡ
ν뾵ǰһξ룬ֱӵ˾ͣ¡ûޣģֲż̴Խ棬ʶ̫ƣȥͻᱻ˾պס
ŵ
Ϣй䣬ʣҵ£ۿҪջˣǰҶƬʼƣĵɱͷ׶ˡ
ʻԵúżһ˼Ϣ
ڿҿˣһʼֻм꣬Ҽûв棬˻˸ֲ̽ʣµСĿÿ峿ʩչ崺磬ʦһӣΪû˲ӰջֲҶҲʼˣ
ڿҿˣûкĵʦʦȾȣ
񣺡ӣʦȥ
ڿҿˣҲڣδʦС
񣺡һƷʯҵ￴
ڿҿˣûʯˣʱճɵɶΣ
˶Իʱһ˲廰ʦܱ𼱣ҶƬƵĻǴһֿʼƵģҶӱ𣿡
˵˽Ƴᶣһ˵ðˡ
ڿҿˣҶⷺƵģҶӱ쳣Ŀǰ˻ҶûʲôرֵĵطǿŶͦ񡣡
Ƴᶣأ
ڿҿˣȵĸҲˡ
ƳᶣϸΧǲбĸջ񼾽ڣһַ͵͵ֲ긽ڵʶƲȥЩ˵ֲ꣬ǸûаɫСУ˵ȷзݡ
ݸδȥʦʦǽΣȻ
ο˶ڴƳᶡ
ΨһеӦǸһ֣ҡ
ϸЩлʣƳᶾƲѽ
ͷ
ڵӽֻܴھ߽ʿǰ򣬵ҲеĻ˵ӴɽƲ¾;ھҶơ
ڿҿˣаɫлʦ㣡
ʿǽƲ죬β֪ΪеˣָһҪ
飺ϵ󣡡
Σ˵㲻᣿
飺
棺ڷϿһǺԭͬ̽ɲ⣬ʦֽ󡣡ϸڷϿ̵ĹõĲϵȵȡ
һ۾Ƴ⣬ξͺдϴ𰸡
شһȥһ⡣
Ǹͽ׵ϵαʲͣİֱӸԷָʱĴ
飺ڵʴɽ⣬Ӱ첻ⲻ⣬漰ǿߡĵޡ
Σ֪֪
ޡޡޡޣֲʦ顢עܴܿ죬ٿžھ
λǰ˵ģҰ˵ķԣɹˣ
ԶԶԣҵҲԹˣǰ˵
ʲôͬţ
ٿţҵĸ
ٿһӵѶϢ˵»ظڶࡣ
ɶ򣺡ŴκܷٳɹʮΣ
ˣᣬæ
ٿţܣʮȫʮ
Ȼظ꣬ſȫ˵ܣ˵쿪ƣظ󣬱ƳҲ֮һЩʵּǿ߳У
תͷ飺Ŵʲô˼
Ѿˣȫû뵽λԸȥһ
⣿
Ϊ䡢顢ɡƷƷֻΪϡСףֻע顢ɹķͬΪ
νƷǷ顣ǬȻ϶˸޷ҵλãû飬ֻƷ飬ҲÿˣһԼ򿪽ָһ£д嶼óע顣
飬Ƿ֮󣬶ͷдԣһ˵γɹķܳΪƷʮεĻǴ˵веˡ
ʧһΣᱨϣɹʮΡҡҡͷƬ
ֹҶܲ
дʱҲŴζѡ
οҲ˵˸黰ѣ˶ڷѵͲܹһô
飺Ҿùҡȥҿǰ˽ȽϺá
Σף㡭ӣ
鿴ǰԼһģһֻСһЩıʣʱֺֺЦǣˣ
Σ֪ˡ
´˵ܴҲŴ𣬲ܴģҶ𡣡
Żд˵ЩƸҶûйûоԣһЩ۵ı仯пܶδɲɹӰ죬Ӷ̽һþС΢С
Ķɶ򣬾ǰĹǸ⣬һٶǰġ
ϴѾʮǰˡ
ֻһףӦòʲôɣ
֪ˡشӦ
ҲЩͻȻðĻͽ׵ӵ𣬻شֿ׼ܿ죬ٴνѹơ
ﻹڵӵ
߽ʿżһۣ١
ͨڽģֻҪԱţᱩ¶ݣˣ¹ǰǿߵ𾴾ˡ
ҷ׷׳ʯٿţ˵ּ纣һӿЩɫּۣɳ̲ıʯҲᱻϵĳˮûĺס
αƮƮȻھֻʣɲ˦β͡
ǡʱһͻأƮ֣īִŽĹ
˾պҲһҪٿŽ󡣡
˾պڵڵͷͳײУð󣬾˲
ò˵Щֱǰ֡
˾պд޲ô죿
˵ǰ޲Ͷˣ
ҲУһʱ䣬ʲôʱٸԵģ
ΣT T
ɿ˳ڣӶ


33 
ͷ ʶûãС飺𣿡
дС֣ˡ
ӶȻƿһ̣ ξͱ˱˻
һֻ۾ǡö˾պߣ ŵûһ顣
Ŷţ־ԣ ͵ԱץûôأҪһСƨ
ôһ룬 Ů֧ ˾պ˻˻˼ͷ 룺Ҿˣզģб³ԴϿͷ䣡
ţԴǰ죬һƹˤģ
˾պߣҲûá

ֻ۾ˡ
˾պ˿ôûã
γ˳ ˵Ϊˣôȥһ˻ˣʵǿҲűǿ ˿þͻѽ
˾պ߽׵Ľ˿ һ𡣡
̱֤ģҿ϶ϴƣ˲ųʱҼء
˾պ΢΢ף֪ˡСҡǮȡ ҡɡ
οˣ ̹ȥҡ ˸ƣûβ;ͷһӡ
ο϶˵ᡣҡǮĶˣֵɡ
£һ꣬ǿӾ
ҡ˾պֶһѪŵǰ
ξһ£ôôࣿ
˾պʱʦȡһѪ˵ãҳ˿δʱװЩø㣬ȡ
ҲӣҲ㣬´Ρ
һ˵ҳڡ
δʧɫǸˡ
˾պºص
վĬĬ
Σ
϶ǷԼֲˡ
ţͼ˾պ֣˿˿
ΪЩֻȫ⣿ʡ
֪ٿź˾պûΪʲôôණֱҪˡ
Σ㲻ʺֲѪҲжҸԼŲĶǴҪħɷ̫ŨЩֲӾ֣ôֹܻˣƺܵһЩȾ
Ȼʱûʲô仯ڳӣǰ˵Ļ
ӣ뿴
˾պͷЩǡ׬ʯʲôܸǮ
ڻˣ˿˿鲻ãÿ»ҪʯµԤѾûʯãµˡ
ǵ˾պܲ۾΢΢졣
ĸʱϵͻȻụ̀ţһɽѹϣЩѡ
̴ӻðǵ㣬˾պžĿƺûôˡ
ȥһˣȥӹ˳ǽֱȵ˽Уվʱ˺üʱ͸ϴôһҧһڣûҧ
һͷһѪ
Ӧʲô⡣
ʲôأ
ã˺ѵõľһ
ʱˮ֪ġ
ǳӣҲǹ
Ÿʯ룬ͷѪ
Щͽܵʲô
ӣʳָڱǼ·üͷζŶġθ﷭ڵǸ˼⣺ѪжɷŨᣬԹɷ֮ģ
ˮ֪һеͽܣ
ʱֻҪħ壬һж˵ɽҲʳʯҧ顣
һֱû˼úʦע̫ɹҲ辶˵ԪעлΪ顣
ŵиаģиͷ׽㡣
һӣСͱױ
עʱ˲ӣ˳
ӣָ£˵ħǣֻʣһ˻ĵӴţȻˡѷǸӡ
ѷҩŵϴ˶
ȥ񣬻
˵꣬˽ԳĬ
ôܹôң
ʮͰ
һȣЩܵĿ࣬ƺʲôˣ
ӣѪȻȥˡԪӦء
ױҪɷķж֣Ҳȥһƣ֮ȷһʺ
ˮ֪ĬĬͳһ֦÷÷֮ãʱߡ
ʱЦллλˡ
ʱߺôҵģյͽܣԸܣҪǮ
ˮ֪ģ
У
齫ʱ˵̸תΡ
Σͦõˡ
ԭ˾պôû˹ܣ׳أǲΪʦʱв𣬸հʦʱˣ
뵽ʱеζ
Ÿոʶû죬ξͶʱѾ˺øС
أ˶˿˿𣿡
˾պûۡ
ιȥţͼʱһƿƿŹһ֦÷
÷оã˾պʱߡݣƿӷϺֱһ£ϰſϣƿӷŲ
ۿɼ˵ĸо̱һ޻
ʶʣҸǸˣ
εͷ
Ǹں⣬ͷ֪ҡǰ˵ѪȣֻѪ֮ѪռϷ磬ʶϢҲű䣬ھͽˣҵ͸׼һǿߴкҪϢҪС֡
һֱûϡ
ˣǾΪٿҡ
ʱһŹֵضΣôܻشô⣿Ѫôѧ𣿡
˵ʱ뻨ƿԽԽָѾڻƿᵯ
ǶʶģϰԵƿӲϣ׳ơּ
ǶһѪʲôջңǲʲô󡣡
ʱЦһ£ʲô󡣡˵ƿѾŲ˰硣
ʲô
κԥػش𣺡è
£ֵʱˣô֪
Σ񡣡
ʱЦˣҶûèûǸèԪ̣òûã͹ˡ
ΪҵѪҲûֹѪͻ
ϵΨһ쳣һͷڷʱʱͻһЩë
ҵңǵ֪Ѫġʱεͷ岻ͣҵڣڵʱҪǵñԼ
ΪҵһѪǰҲǺ£ޣ֪£ֻܾҪһδų˭ҵǲǰ
ͷջʱƿ䵹һ죬غˤķѡ
ʱѽҲСġ
һ˵һʩչϵƬɾ˸ƿ÷ú̾Ҷûͨƿӡ
Σ
Ϊûƿӵʱǣ㡣
ǲСģ
ּèɫ
βҲʱϾʱֿ죬°צ
ˣʦûпհ򣿡ʱҪߣæʡ
ʱʼˣָһûһµеʱ̽ΰԼˣ˵ųɸģ
Σ
ʦҽɡհûУǿ϶УҵȻ͹СԴӻЩʲô
ô֪֪ͷʲôʱܳ
ǲǵò
ŶһһνھѪСƿӣһֻèҲûãˡ
˵ѪҲûá
ʱƿ򿪺θˣʲôھѪֻ׵Ѫͷеһֲʹɫ̲ǿĻ顣
ʵ϶ǼٵģѪ
㣬㱻ƭˡ
ɫԣʱӦѪѲǼٵģ
ҵ˴Ūƿһƿ΢΢ǼٵġҲ˵ͨˡ
ʱûЦݣʱſЩ˽š
ߺʣʲôʱ˭
飺ڣʱ硣
һСèమ°ʱ
èŮ󲻾þˣ˺ʱֱ꣬ʱΪеӺֽһλ¡
µǱһλϵŮǮ޵鶼һɽ
жʱʯԽȫʱӲŻΪġ
ǮӦþʱĵʱ硣
Ȼʱ뿪ֵɽȡеʸʱɽϻõһж˻ȥΪ˴ϲķУ˴ڴտգÿ
ȡʸҪȥǻ˾պãȫԶȡ
˵ǲû˭ǰ
дڣϵŵúܣЩĵرֱͶô
ҲֹṩԴ
ֻһ䡪ǰ
ɪɪǻ᲻ῴ壿
ҲǰֳͬȫѪֻʮգŻѪ
ΪʱǸΣӦֱܷϢԣ㲻ҪܣԹԴڰϡǼǳˣֻҪħ壬Ƕں
ʱǳΪ
ʿʿˣֵɽ󲿷ֶڽ֮бչأʣµģ
ܶһӶ˳ʿһ档
Ҫʲôûʲôʲôʲô
ԣǹһܰɡ
ûãÿһưëżհƮ˹
νӹ򣬿ʼʶĬд
ʱ϶˾պ̵ԽĽϣͨѧϰԽĽԸһЩ仯Խһ
¼ʶļûͻֱ˯ˣʱ˾պǰﻹһȼһ㡣
ξ𣬡ûڣ
˾պҲûڡ
Լϵ䣬ڻڡ
ҵҪȥҹУȥ𣿡
մҪɽϲŵοɳܵĶˡ
ЩʿŲҹС
ұ֤˵˻˻һ˿һֻؾصĴޡ
ôţ˾պغãԼ뷨
ȥ϶ȥ
˾պȥҹֱ֮ϴڵĵط
ڰգһѴȡ
ϰڵǸָķ̯ĵӷͷߣŶȱǰ˸С¯ӣһơ
˾պһȥֱӵϴڻˡ
ͻ£СŲ˻ϳ˾պصʱ˵覴ã˲ʯڻң
ͷЦһΪǰҾͻ㡣
ţ̯λĵͻȻվԲˣóǸ㿴ܲ޺á
ͷӲ⣺ʦ֣
ǵӵһۣתͷ˾պͿص˵ڿɻϣ
˾պڵ˹ȥ
ǵӽӹȥֶһ£ŵһʱ޲ãﻹƺõڣҸ㻻µģ
˾պͷӹµתߡ

ˣ⳥ĵֱӴͷӵ̯λһӵԼ̯λϣŵǿ˾պ
֪һյͽܶѣ廹ɣǱģִֵҶվסţûͷȴҲûʦֵ̯λϽû
⼸ûϾɣǿǸˡ
һȥͬȫɱ⻹ܲץѱΨһŮĹаţʬ챳ڴײġ
ôƯʦ
˸ʬ̬̬
ͷӣҲڵֺɱ۵ʲô£
ֵγλĽʦ죬ʹһڵ㡣
ֱҪĻĳɳٶȣҪ˼죬׾ٵء˸ĨӵĶͬԲʶôóԼڵλٵģ
ͷӽӹһ飬ʱͫһͰ͵صʶôŰֻһЩʶϢɷڣ·սԪɷһѡ
㿴ϵûǷǿʶһӾͻΪԴ󷢣ӣ󶼴߻ħĸ߽ʿϡ
˵ոǲҾ㣿
ͷͷ󺹣һ£лʦ֡
Դˣ˾պҲ𽥴
ҹкóԺĲ٣˾պûжʯ
ʲôû򣬾ҹϹתڼѰһֱûʲôӦ˵ҹ©̫ܡ
ȥ˾պķû˯˾պΪ׵㣬ʶǿһ㣬ϣܴǬö
Ҷ̫ˡ
ɽȴòèץһַ
ʶ˿һϸ죬ţֳһʶһҪɵö࣬ȥܼ֣ȫ֬ˮۣȹ
ԶһСľͷ۾һ
ǸͩľСӦûϲ
Ҳ˵ܳԵľЩ
Сһֱڳ˯Ǹͩľ˯ѾгԵˣ
εʶǰ죬Ȼźܽľ룬ÿŲһ㣬ͷ·ѹһɽѹԽԽӶʼ
ˣȥ
ǰһڣѣ֮ʣҧŴͷһ˳һǸ׿ȸ
ΣеΡ
д֣ʾͿѾ˯˹ȥʱҡҡͷ
ʶľˣȻΡ
Ҫ֧ܹԪ÷ʶˡ
ʱĿе˾պͻȻۣ˿ڽűߣȻʶƣСߣĿٿת䡣


34 
˾պں˸ѯʣ ֪ٿŲδ֡
Ϊٴʶһգʲô֪£
˾պ˳ʱһѶϢ
Ƴᶣ֪λͬбֲбֲϢҲɳ۸ҡ
񣺡󲻾һڵȻֲ ĿǰҲͳ۵һƷʯѣ㲻ɣ
񣺡ʵɬ ͸ʦǽһһ е˸͡
Ƴᶵ֣һϤϢӿ˾պͷ
ؿǾС֣ ԺУ һŮӵٻӰ
Ǹ˺ܾõٴ⣺Ʋ¡
ǵһʲôζˡ
֪ ζԡ
˾պȷƳᶾƲ¡
Ʋ±Ϊѣڡ
ɿ˳ں˾պԥȡҡǮ˵ȡ
ٳǰ˾պͷһϵĿȸ еʱֻʣһͷⷢܳ
ǣ۷׿ȸҲһߡ

˯˵β֪ʲô ʱ ۾ͿϵҡǮ
Ժιȥͷɵʱ˯ˡ
ʱײһŶͷ βųѣ  һӣ
ͷ̾ʲôʱҡ
۾ɴŭ𣺡أ
ôһƯƯأ
ʵ档
θˣβͱСӣžžس棺飬ǧŴǬͳķ
ܳһ򶼱óӵϣ̫ʧˣҲҪˡ
ͣҲԭľӰ졣
ηйһְ䣬ˣ˵ȥʱ档
ʱûԺ
嶼ģйһȦֻӣңͿƳֲѶϢ
϶ǰҵȥƲֲˣ
˼ҵĺʦֶû˵أϸŸ񡣡
ޣȻǽ
Ҳûش⣬ſھ˾պһ˵ԽĽ
ܸ
ԺŲҪٹˡ
ƽԼҲⲻ಻Լ֮£ʱˡ
˵ˣԼҲȻ
ھԡ
ٿţ˭֪ղԽԽǰĽ
д飬鲻ϻش𣬹ԽùĽԺʮа˾ŻҶ
ܾãý𣬲һֻһѽɣ
һʲôûдʵԽùĽأ
»ش廨ţûһ׵ġ
ûĶǵͽʿ֪Ҳ
οһ;ûˣѹҲô档
˳ȥ˯ȫȻ֪Ǿ仰ᡣ
ʱ͵͵ڷϣһ졣
֪Ƿ֪ƿѪҺǼٵģ֪֪ٵѪҺñѪ΢ھʱܲסѪĳ
ʱһ춼æµȱʯ뷽跨׬ʯάֺӹشԼűر
µ»һҩ
˿ҲǺܶ
Ǹ·˺䵭϶ûЦݡ
ǰµèʵѾܼסˣ˻ǵüζԴ׵ģῴЦü纷
ֱʱҲûȥʣﵽǲ㺦ġ
üģ룺´˵ɡ
˰壬Ҫţͼڵˮ֪ͻأǰס·
ʱЦ˵ùǰʱһЦеֻ˭֪Цڱ棬۵ס
ˮ֪ģȻǶԵ¹ڻ
ʱķͷһߣĵ˵ʲôұͲں
ںΪֻھʳ⣿
ʱƤһ
ѾԺڽ磬˯ССһҵڸʲô
ѾȲȥ߶ʮһСߵһˡ
ʱһҪԽˮ֪ڣˮ֪ĲãȻ
˾ƹƹҴˣܴ󣬽ӣ͹ﶼ˳
ˮ֪ĵʵѷһ򵽺ٶȿʱ˿ӣ޽ԼԺ䣬˦˸̡
ˮֻ֪΢һὫġ
ʱֻʶۣƲı㡣
һ߿˾պķţ˯Сק˦˦ˣݵʣ㵽ھʲô
ûԼȥ
ûۿ
ΪԼڵǧ
֮ŷӦҾһ䣬˭֪ԽĽĶ
ʱָ׹ĥƬ϶˼ۣģҴˣҴˣҴˣ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôʣϴ̬һҪ
ѧѰϴӣûצצ԰ӱƵϹκʱһЦˡ
ʱˣҲʲô¡
ǰҸˮ֪Ĺϵǽޣʦһˣһд轣ŷѾ˼Ū˾ֽнޱĽ⣬ֻܴһˣ򿴹١
ʺϾҲϲûá
ˮ֪ǾţΪҹⲻҪʩġ˵ҲҪûҪĻ¯
ӽȥˣҲûȥ񣬾͡ʱ˫ſֻһº£ɢɢվţͻȻ˫ָڴ࣬վɰͦΡ
ҾôؾصվţһûŲ
ʱ̾˿ȥûԸ̻һ룬֮͸˸һһ쵽˭Ƿʯ
ȱһľֹ֣ҪˣôȰ
Сֺ꣬ûҸɫҾͷˡ
ǼһС۶
˵ǰճţˮæġ
ʱͷǰǲġʱʦ㣬չĶࡣˣԽĽʲô
ֱӵ˾պĽ̫ˣ˶˵ԽĽᣬҾһԽĽţܲ˾պա
ʱһŹֵؿôСʲô
ŵԽԭǵޣҲһʱ𣬾˵ʱּ˸֦һֱû֦Ľѿһòɡ
ǽѻ٣ֻǣĳɽһƽƽµǰҲֱܷ治
ͷֹбԴҶֱܷ
Сһ£
룬Լųһ򣬻ԭر˱ģʣҪҪץ
è
ʱЦᣬֻ÷Ƶ鶼˼֣ҡҡͷ״رˣ˯
ǰʱصΣҳȥˡ
Σ
Ŷûޣصعδ磬Ķ˯ţ
ʱߺʣʱʦͺ𣿡
д֪Ϊȷؼ䣬Щ¼󷨡鼮ʯڣκεط黭ҶºҲûϵЩȵҶ֪Ȼδй¼ģԭװдҶ޴֪
ˣܸܲһݶ
飺Ҳ֪
ʱҪ˶þͻ
ԭûЩڻ֮İĶ֪᲻Ӱ죬ǣһϸ΢ı仯δκˣĻȻǲ
дСڣ˵õĲ֣صأλֱһӴӹŮڡ
شͷ
ǶǺܺõ˰
ڴϴһû˯ţ͸󿪵ķţοʱ˯˿ϡ
ʱôһ˯ȥûһһ˿һҡΣžˡ
С
ǰ岻ãֻܴɽҲϰ˯䡣
˯ɫµʱĪĶ޳ȥҸ˿ɣøȥͱʱ˹ȥһ˯
θоůģæ˵á
ʱĺŶ˯ɱ˾պˡ
˯˯ͻȻʱʣ鲻ã
˾պ˰ɡǳڣʶſԶܿ˾պϣһŮӸ𡣱࿴ۣκķҲ£ֻܳʶ
̰Ȱȵ˵
յľǿ飬ȥؽ˼飬ʱ̾˿
ʱһ̯ҲûǮҪʯʮŰ˿飬
ЦˣǵԺǮˣÿɽĽ˿򡣡
ʱۣƷ屦˿ҿڡ
룺Ǭһء
ʱе˽
δ󾪣Ƕʼˡ֪ˣ
ҵѪѪļʾųɾţ
ʱèһͷԱһ࣬ů硣
ʶһɣƷնܣһӱûɡ
ܿͺ˯˹ȥǻ˸Сˮݡ
ʱ˸ƣҲۡ


35 յ
ϵ˾պѪȴﲻԣ ϸȥãͻãһôȻ
ͷԽԽ ۾𽥰죬ȷƣ һ̣統ͷһ ˾պĳѹ
ʲô
ͷ
˿˿Ӳˣνͣ
Ϊλύ
ƲµԺгʱ ոһص̷ߣ ֻʣһͷƲ¿ģ ٶֵá
˾պĿͣŽӲزߣ˶ͿӴûˡ
˫Ŀ˲ȼ⣡
˿˿ȻûڼԺ˿ϣʱ˯
˾պú⣬ϵӱóأͬպһ̡
Ϻѹһɽ ˫ŴϥۡȻһɾʹѹվ һһ ѵŲ˿
ڼֹ˿ϵСʱֱּѪۣţ ˷磬 ۡ
ͣɲǣ ˾պۣͷȻɽǾϡһԵضϷʱɷۣó״
ʱԾŸ콣׼ȷ˵Ǳý죬յĽ۳ˣ
ѹΪʶ֮Ķһܽġ
⺢ӵĽ츳̫ߣʱ硣
̧֣ɷʣ֪˿˿
˾պһʧɫšǺ˲ͻͻĵ̫ǿɱڣ˿ֻ̣Žڡ
ôţҲ߱ˡϾʦǰʱ룬Ŭ˾ˣѪһӦ
Ϊ϶˼ӣë׵èèβͶûУ
þȫҲֻмӣҼֲʮ
㻹ʱӣƯ𣿡ʱʡ
ʵʱ˿϶Ĵ𰸣˿˿ûˣ˾պôôǿռ˿˿ܴ̼ױ
˾պһԥͷƯȻʱʵδֻǳ
㣿
˾պҴΪβǽ㣿
뵽˾պֻʮ꣬廯εòһ㶼ʮ߰ͣʱãҲû
Ǹûϵѽ
˿˿ôСûڶ̬ʱ䣬֪ʲô²ǰΣ
˾պҡͷ⼸õȵط飬ѰصѶϢѹû٣Բ˽⡣
˼Ĵ̼񼴽֮ʱ
˾պɬȻʱˡ
ʱͷŶ˿˿ԼɣˣܸоԼʶϵϵԲԣ
˾պ룬ʶ˿˿Ϣֻ֪Ķһֱû
ʱʣ֪岻ޣʲô²ǩԼ
һһٵȫһ˵ʱԼʵԼڵԼ𣿡
ȴ羪һըС㣬ϲңǰƺǵɫȹ׵÷գģ٣ԼĴ
ֻǻ룬˼֣ķâȴ϶⡣
¶ɣƵһӵ˴졣
ʱˡΪҪ͸ˣǸŮӡ
һᵽƲ£һˮᡣ
˾պЩն᲻Ʋܰίȹҡ
ӣǱѾͷ˹ƣʱϸ˾պһûʲô쳣˾պüţҹ⽣ϣú򡢺ú÷ʡ
˾պԼͷе
һ˵ǣʦ
ʱתߣһһú
ôɵɵСƭѪ΢ȻĻǲҲһƭƭҲң
˯Ѻ˾պڡ
һֱû
飺˾պأ
飺ʦڽϣʱˡ
̸ˣʱҳˣҪȥ֡
ܺӱڵжң
ͷ̵ģεϣǱøһת˾պֻ˻еѽʱô
ãС쵰ҵ飬͵ҵķ
ǿҷ˾ţ֮ŴǬͳģ
˾պۡ
ͼ˵Ҳ˯ѣء
ֻռ˵ʱ㲻ҸԵġҲСĵġһ˦ռأ˾պʹ˸ɫοֵλ˷䡣
ûôĸ˾պͳԵء
˾պʹʩչôõõϵռ
ǹġõԲš
ǶԳԻĳͷ
ߣ˭ͷֺƲ£á
ϣ˾պŵϵֻռһͷҡ
һ뷨ǣҪôܳԵֻռ

ȥ˾պˣ
ջԺʱʹӳ컻£ϵİëͺۡ
ʱ 벻ȥܱߵĳǳع䣿
ΣûǮ
ʱ˲ҲûǮ
̾޲ǮôҿȥɱɱޡҩģŽĵطѹûֵҳֵĶֲ̫ԶֱͶ塣ӣֲҩݡͦ׬ǮģϣҺ͸Ǹ
ʱ룬˵Ӧñ΢ôһýҲʱ򣬻ȥնͷ߽ޡ
˵Ż򿪣ͼˮ֪Ĵⷵأ󻹸һŮޡ
ŮΪҲǺÿʱµŮ޲̫һ
ɫŮǰӨףɫ۾鶯ëȣͦ촽ҲӣСڣȻ̡ںڵĳЩ΢ɢȴңֳֻƵȣ
ʱӴյͽܣŻͦɰ΢΢ü䵽ϣ˿˿ɰ
ˮ֪΢΢ףݼ
ͷһ˰ŵһİȻ鴫
Ůӣһñ־롣
˰һ϶ĺ֪ڲǣԺҲǣ
ʱ
ʱûʲôһ˵´ٸ񡣡
ˮ֪ƳһۣŰԼԺӡ
ߺʱͽܣ͸ͽܣͷţţʲôҪұȣ
ͽʵᶼˣ׼ᵤĹ̺˰ɡҲʱ룬ȻͻȻ˸ʯ⡣
ɶ⣿
һܸʯҲ˾֧ʲôӣ
ʱǮ
Σòȥ͵ɣ
ʱ˾պױģѹɷ˾պȥ֡ƾʲôִֻɷѪױɷ
ΣŶû뵽ǸĲںпġ
ʱͣԽĽ
Ľģ˾պȥѡĲϣ˾պӲܶá
ʱһҪһƷʯְɡ
˾պҲ죬Ԫ̫Űˡʱ̫죬ʵвøŹȥȥɷ
ʱΣôۣ
æ˦ͷԭϣ˾պٽ׵ģʱô˵ͷеźԲۡ
ʣһƷʯô֣
ʱЦ˵һպùÿ»ʯ
ιϻش𣺡ã˾պͬô죿
ʱȭͷÿ죺Ӯˣʸ˵ͬ⡣
Σã
ϽǮȥҵ顢
Ϊ˵˾պѣȻûôǾʹӦˡ
ⷴ˹
˻𣺡һһƷʯôȥ
ͼʱһһԾԾԣҿˣ
ѪȥָʱǼ⣬㣬㣬㡭
ʱҲϲôҡ
Աߵͷźģèôָܰȫεӿ
ջ֣俴˾պ˵
ʱס˾պȵȡͷ̫ˣҽȥ̽ţ˿˿Ҳϲġ
վſڣ˾պܸܵͷ˳ˣԥһ£ջǽץ˿˿ݸʱ
˾պҪߣʱֺʯʯȸǣҪƷģһƷʯȥ鷳
һԶĹһһƷʯʱϽ
ʱЦеع˹֣л
ӹʯʱʹȥ˻ܱߵСУСЩСԸ³Ĳɫ˿ߡ
λʱæ˸¯׬ʯ˵ֲӺһЩͽ׵Ĳҩ
ʣµʯһͽ׵ľֻӵʿֳһڿȼľϣװϻһȡʹãȼ졣
ôһС磬һƷʯ
ҩʱȻܲµʲôȻ˰壬һʣѲѪﻹ֮
еʦĵҡҡͷҼһţһ繷ʺζҲš
εͷаɡԣںֻеͽ׵ҩҪ߽׵ҩǾͶǮˣ
һ˵ǣʱЦۣúãǵҪҪ߽ҩݣңҡ
ѹ˵ȥڸá
Σ
ӣ͹ʲôôھŶ
Ѫ
׬ǮġԭҶ۾ǿʯ۷塣
϶ҪôʯҪ
ֻ׬һЩʯܹԼܹʱЩϧĲɫ˿ߡ
Ǭ䣬Ŀǰָ̫ˡȷһʲôò˾պȥˣ
ֵʱηܸܵʱжϲЩƯĲ˿ǡ
Ƕ
Ҫģø˾պһ齣ܡ
ԽĽõģɵ֪ĽʲôӺξ֪òĽˡ
ǰʯûʱת˼Ȧ֪֮һƷɽöʯ
ҲҪ߰ʮɡ
ʱʱָǰɫ˿˵籶㿴ʵǰѽֻһζѣΪϱȽϡҲֵǧ顣Խķһ㶼ԽͣϾʧ𰡡
ϧǼһǸéӵʯͷֳӲϲȴʼղ
Σ
ҪһƷɽŸճ¯Ҫ˳߰ɣ
Ͼޣһһ
ҲʶǸ˿Ӻ˾պƼǮ
ΪƽƽŮޣȻӵһƷɽ䣬Ǳˡ
λص䣬Ķó˵յɡ
ʵ׬Ǯǵ
ҪҩݱˣԵҪҲߣļ۸ȴߣƷٵƷʯļ۸񣬼ֱеı
Ȼ˵ˣҶۿ¸ǰרĵҩֱռڵͽ׵г
ƱػӰԭľ飬ˣԼҶۻĵҩ
ֻŮ΢ϲһЩյˡ
ҲƤã촽ϴȻ֫̬һЩˣξֵҩ̫ļǮ
ֲԸĵ
ֻ׬һһ
ƷɽҲøʱ˿


36 Ե
飺Ҫ ȵѧᴦҩݣȡҩݵҩԣһ̶ܴϾ˵Ʒʣ ȡԽɾ¯ĵƷʾԽߣ Խ١
Ϊϸ񣬼ƷΪѡһΪţ Ϊ䣬ȫûеΪƷ
ǸѷЩǺϸĵ裬 ٶռһ룬 ȥð˶
ĵҩֻǺϸ ƷƷƷǲ۸ŵġ
ĿǰҩõķʽŶҲǵԽһλʦĽ¼ǵĵ ǵڵľӲѧ֮⴫̸ԼͽܶС
ڵĴʦ ĵƷʶУ ܺϸ
鿪ʼ
ȵʶӦҩݣ˽ҩݵÿһλҩݰ תķ ҩݴһξӨ͸ҩҺ
ȡˮԽ͸ ˵ҩɢԽ٣ҩҲԽ
ǰڣξ˵ҩ֡
ȡҩҺѣԼκȡҩ֭ͺ͸ˣӨ͸ˮΡ
˾պĽ츳ߡ
εĵ츳ҲǼ侪ˣ֮齫νŸһԱȣ;Щ˶ܳΪţСǰ޹˺ߵľˡ
ΣɣôͷһδȡõˮΣײݡ
даɡ
һ仹ξͦˣʼȡҩһյҪĲҩжʮ֣ʵЩ
ȡɫˣ˴룬϶ɣֻϢս
뽫ҩҺŽ䣬Ȼһſɫָɾ͸ӣëַˣֱӰҩҺ̽С
ЩɫǳƬһЦˡ
ҵСأڱúÿ
Ůָ÷˯
˯Ժ͸оһ߹̵˹ʶ㿪ȴԷץסִͷߣβͼ
˾պ
ͷβ˯˹ȥ
˾պ˶㿪
һƣһɨգ룺֪ңԲŻĵؼ˯
СϺ˾պϢ񡣴첻ֵóȥǰ˿˿δѣ˾պЩѪڱϡ
ҡǮҲȡ˳˵λãһó߲ʾʯĽҡǮˣҫʰ쵵Ĺ⡣
˾պһߣವһ
ʵѾˡ
Ǻ˾պ˵
һ뵽ͿȸÿڴҡǮ񡭡
ŬǿŲɫʯͷƿߣҲŲҪҡ
δСȡҩҺһſŵģ͸Բӡ
ȡһţ߲ʯͷһۡ
ȡڶţ߲ʯͷһֹۣɫĺÿ
ȡŵʱ˵̫ˣ¸ÿɡ
ȡʮʱ˵ǿʯͷǺֿܶʯһģһÿ

¯óˣλʱʱҡǮ飬鶼ȥôģɹ
飺ϲ£ѵԼ
߲
̨£͸㣬ﲻʹ죬⳥Ҳԭ
ֱε£˵ҲŲҡҾҪǿժֱͷȥҡΪѵû뵽һǿʯͷ͵
ŷ֣ʯͷûһϣֻǷ˵֦Ѿϣһ׹䡣
߲Сʯͷ̽СԼһ
Ưʯͷ˶ӣβƵƵóǸװϻӣŰ鴫֮Ƶҩ
û֡
ƵҩȫԼСֽ˰æ
һγԼֱңСֽ˶ջ˺ü
æҵ꣬˻ðŴ¯Щʣ𣿡
ֱӾд֣Ҹ㿴
æҡͷ˵Щʦ˵һͲʶ̽벻ɣ¯֪˵
д֣εҪֱӸһࡣ
ʦƷ׸ߵĵҩᵤ࣬׹˵ȵȡ
ʻֻӵС
ãβŽŵؿ¯Ϳ¯Ｗĵ裬ִһٶš
յӦɫ
Ȼͷĵҩ
̵ģɫĶУһۿȥ뵽ﳤЩƯƯĢдж
ǳ˻ʧˣʧ˰ɣŻͦģǲж
룬Ҫ˾պ
飺Ϊ롣
˿дûˣⵤƷ
𣿡ξϲñҵһͳƷǸ˵ĳɵһ
飺ʱæҵػ¯ǾƷˡ
ϰֹĶ֡
Ȼ˵ûξԼһţû뵽귢ֱѾĵòֱӻָ룬ĺ۾Ȼɫֱӳһۡ
ΣҸոճԵǽɫĵ衣ұ˽ۣ֪ãеţⵤҩɡ
뵽һòŮΪ˵˺ġġ̵ġϵġ
ξ;ò
ɫֻ˼ʱ䣬λָԭӣȻ֮ǰͺ˵ĵطµƬҴСԭһ£ȫǰͺ
ۺһЩ
ξԼȫ´һͣ
ⵤЧѡȡĿҩƿֱƿӡ
ľһʹֻ֮ȼ죬ҵüȡҩҺҪʶ޵٣ͷʮ㣬ܿͽҩҺȫȡɹųȴٴο¯ϻ˵ࡣ
γ¯ƷɫҲɫһ¯Ҳ;ʮ
ôأ
ѵһ¯ҩҺСһҹ
飺ûؼءӹԸûͷһֻù
Щûһͷȡҩݣû˭ȡҩݷԼС
ǵСҲûǳƬһűҩݹ顣
ԣҲκοԲοϢãβ²ûһȡҩҺСһҹԵʡ
飺ҲҲ
ΣԺֻȡҩҺȡҩ֭һšͻȻ룬ǲԺĵɫģԺЩʿõҩྣȱɫ
ЦҲ̫˰ɡ
һ˵һྵһ¯ƷûԵԡ
Եǿɫ͵ߡ
굤νװ˵ĸҩƿŽ䣬ǰԼóԵСװһѲʺ絤˴Ҵҵس˷ţԶʹʱ㣬ʱ㣬׬Ǯˣ
ʱʱ˿˯
ѭķƫͷһ͵ιʱ˲侪ѣͫСôжˣ
̧һץյʶϸ飬ûʲô⣬¸ӽţʲôҾȻ
ҳӣ
ҪӣͼС߻ָɺɫವıϡ
εʣʱ㣬㿴ʲôͬǲƬ롢СسԾͺ÷㣬˻֪͵͵ҩ
ʱѪɡһɣɫˣ
ʱһѪԽԽģ˿˿԰ôͱˡ
ҵҪôο
һʲôɫĵĵҩƿȡյһʼõƷɫ裬ʱһϲյƷ
ʱôģôѣҩݣ¯ľ𣬽һƷյ
ǿֻһɵƷڵļڶҲһƷ
νذͷ˵־У
ʱһӣûְ
Σбҭ
ִǸƿӣ㿴
ʱʶһɨ𾪣ƷⵤʲôЧ̣裬е㣬ƺܺóԵӡ
뵽ո˿˿˵ĵ˳ǣⵤãǱɫɣ
νƷյøʱ
ʱһţ֣˱ˣϲ仯ΪԼĵҩûôʱȥʱ˷ܵصҲëˣ
ҾȻëˣ϶ɰëǰȥԼΧƮѩڲëҲ
ò˿Լ˵ûʲô仯һԲһЩҾá
Σè
èͨʮѪǿȴһµļƣ˭˺ԼĲʺ١
ñʱյû취òʲôı䣬˵ֻһ뷨¾
˵뷨Ҫ
յһһŮԼãͻǷãĻʱ۾ģ׬ʯ
Ϊ׬̫ܣԴȱŶ
ʯ鵤պҪڱĹ̺ôûǮյ
Ҹԡ
ʱݵСأⵤ˵ˣ𣿵ʱȥʯһš
οɲæӦ˵۶ÿ㣬ɡ
ʱûпͷҲУֻ㻨Ǯ
θжá
ʱһؿǿ϶˾պǸ첲յٺá
˾պԺҪûҴ󷽣
һСֺʱҩ
ˮ֪ĲڣСͽڣʱѰгͳһ˵ƵյЧ
һֱҡͷյƤð𪣬Ƥרȥչ⺣ɹģҪǱˣҵÿ
ԭķɫɹģ
ʱϸ̸Ŀڣԡ
֪µҩɫڱýûţĵĵȴɫȥȡˮһȫϲصҵʱɹò̫ȵĵطˣûֱָܻӻָһҸ˵Щ޶Ը򣡡
۾⣺ھ˰ŵһŵùңֻۣҪһָͷһ
ʱͬƶʦͷҾͷһɸ㣬и
˵꣬ĴΣ֡
˵
ʱһݣóһТʦ
΢΢㵣ŵȻ˵Ҳô
֪ⵤǷƷʵյҪãʲôʱܳһ¯
ʱһСߣ뵽ƿֶһȻʲôģ־С
壬ǾȥˣڣֻҵҸ˺и֣ˣյǵͽ׵ҩҲѰбҸڻŵҲֻһֻ۱һֻۡ
ʱǿǵЩѪˮˡ
ҰԵҶˡ
ˮ֪ͽյúãͽܣһֻܸʦ׬һʯĿǮ
ʱãЩš
Ȼݣʱˮ֪ķѶ
ʱͽ棬ҳ۹Һá
ʱӮˡ
ɱ޴㻻ʯˮ֪յѶϢһľҴûȡ


37 Сʤ
Ѿûнˡ
˵ ã뿴ôⵤٴνڡ
һΣ ûôѾߵϴοԵĺ룬ʶǿˣ
ٴǰУ ֱ˾Եͣʶľ ֱϰûгԣ Ҳһա
ھ밶Զĵطͣ£ ˾档
ֶѣ ֱӳ˺ϡ
Ҽɽɣôͬɽʱҷ·񣬸Ʋۡ
Ҳˣһʦȫ˷ڲͬϺһҫ۶Ŀ Ů޾Եùѵˮ
ɣ˵⻰ĸҲ¶
ģӻ䣬һܶʮ
Ҳ˲ô£ ת ż±˲ǰ
˼ڽ˸Сؾ ļ׶ѵģ û˵ô ֣еĵһˡ
⻰һµѶϢ׷ױһȥؾ
Ҷ۵֣ŵֱһ¡
ҶҲûȻΪǣʹ֮ѣϲѡ
ɽɽСؾе˼
κڲǮȥˣǸ־롣ʣҶۣʲôǣ
һ£иŵİ¹⣬һʼҶ۲䲻ȣڣŶҶ顣Ҷ۵Ƚǵһ
ζʱòǸְɣţ᲻Ӱյ
飺
˵ԭľԹӾ׬ÿ죬òǰ̫ࡣ
飺Ӱ첻󣬾һʱ䡣ģ޿ɷˡ
οһͷģаڣյ
ļ죬ζר˾պʱ˯ˣ˾պѾȥ⼸գǶδһ仰Ľ
תֵʮ塣
ûԼڱӽ
忪ʼȣѪֿʼڳײˡסûӲͣ
ǰڣÿ춼ۣ۵òôʱͰӴӴĽУܻŪöƯעŻ
֮ʹÿÿֻһ졣
֮ǰÿζڼյ£ûʱˡ
һΣڱʹʱʱøˡ
ıʼͻȻϣ۵һ£˻˻𣬱
飺
ԭддɢһעȻڱодд
ﲻæеġ
Ժ룺ôۣͺ񱻹ۡƤѪȼճɻҡԼѴ֮
ԺӲн
ôء
ʶģ֮ʣ˾պ˿˿
ӱƿ屻˾պ
΢Ĵʹ˾պץʹ֪
κ˻ʹ
˾պæ
˿˻˻ҵϡ
˾պһ˲佩ӲŴ۾Щ졣ɷӿ֣ϵֱӱͨ죬и㾹Ҫҷſƫ
һַռǿĶʴ־
ʹʹʲôϵ
ҪʱֻܹԹԵشҲȥ
ָ𽥺£ڼȦסСߵһ˲䣬˾պֱ۾һ
˺㡣
˾պѵӣֻ̧ȣѾ罬
·ξɽٲά裬ͷѹǵ졣صѹ޷ȫԼ֣΢˵۵޷ʶģ
ߵߣ߹Ǽ·ˮѳһСϪ
˿˿ŵϵһɲǣһѳգֱ䵽Ժ¡һը
˯˿ϵʱһУըëè
˾պʶԺʦæ
ʦǰҲ֪
Ҫתţϵ˿˿һƺߣĺʹ

˾պ͵תͷŵĲСߣǣǸοʹǣںҹ֮Уůġ
ȹ㡣
ںʹ
˾պͻȻ˿ӡ
κ˶ԡ
Ķռӿѹ˵ħٴռϷ磬˾պתСܻشߣѧ˷ʩչϣ޺תƽʱѪ˾պֱӸ󣬽˿ڷߡ
ֱʱſİ
԰׵ûһѪɫ޲顣
촽ʶ˱ѪȾĴ꣬졣
˾պɢϵͷ𵽶󣺡ûµģ㡣
һ˵Ľ㣬ñ˿أ
ḧգҫĺâ
ʲôѵһ߷ɣ󶯾˾պɷ˲۳Ρ
ûͷסΣͺȥ
ʱ̧Ӱһڴϣֻèһӯض׵˴ߡ
ܵ˾պȻסѹʱһȣ㿴ʲô˵ˣ
׶ӽɷһӡ
˾պȻѣҪȥʦģΪʦֻ˿ܣ
˾պ侲ֱֽŶЩʦ͹Ŵʦ˵öԣϵɷӰ־Ʋסܿʶ㱵£
ص¡
ʦ֪
ʱûͷָüģ𳳣ڿ
˾պʱ졣
ߵĴײϲŹؽŽŵ˴ߡ
ʱԽüͷԽԱߵ˾պѪҺҲԽԽ𽥱䡣
˾պǲ˵úأ᲻ˡ
ƱߣȥƤʹȶ΢
ʶƱڰû޴ı֮Уǰ·Ķϱ۲֫һѪȾ͸Ľ˺һУݻƬء
Ҫڰ֮ʣһ˵û°Ȼһ¶ûС
˾պȻۡ
ʱΪ˿˿壬ǰѪѪμİ֮ǰʱûаˣȻܲǵ
ʱˣѹҼ;˳ۣһǰѽ
˵ѪңܲѪʱʱҲһ£ֻʹ赣ġ
˾պźܡ
ʱǾñĶתע˾պɵĺ£ʱͿ˳̵ۣ˵Ļóϲġ
Ŷ顣
飬˾պ΢΢ļ¡
ܿƵĸоٴӿ߽Ŵ۵ͷ󺹵ˣŶ˶
˾պ֪ˡ
ʦȳȥɡ
ʱҲȥҪ˿˿á
һ˵һ£Ȼ˾պֱקס
˾պչˣʦȥ
һ˲䣬ն·Ԩ
ʱë𣬾Ǹܵһַĵľ塣
ζоɷǱʶϣ˾պܹ̳Խ־һЩϣ˾պԭǸģʶغ˾պ
˾պ˫ڳ۾ע˵⣬˫۾סʱ㻺˳´˵ȻҪ㣬ͺúչ
ȥʱе£ͽܵɷŨѲҵһս˵ҵһԭʹϵױ
Уҵȥߴ߹ҵķӲС

ڣ˾պסε֣㣬
˺ູܶˮͷšƣϣһЩ촽ס
˾պָ룬ʩչ˸
ˡ
۵ʱѾȥλۡ
֣˾պ
ߣ֣ġ
֡ȻǿŲɫʯͷûԭء
˾պˣ
뵽ʦ˵Ҫתע˾պʱѷȥĻ˵˳⼸չŴʦ˹䣬ҵ׼ȷͣ˵ʮ壬Ҳǽ졣
ΣۣôľȻر
˾պԽԽˡ
ΣţȻأ
˾պŴʦ˵֮գԸǶԼף
ιȻ£ʹˣԸʲô
СʦƲ°ߣҪõģõ
˾պ˵ûԸ
һ£˵ǰЩӿһЩ鼮˵ԸǻԣԸǻѪĴУǱ󡣡
˾պε۾ҵԸǣʵԸӴ﷨ȡһͷڹŴʦЩ߽ʯͷһͷ
֮ʱ䣬ŴʦΪ˷һһͨͨİڼԺһѰǡѪ
αеж䣬˸¡
ʲôľ˹
εͷߣ㣬Ը
˵ϲ
ҵԸǳβûп˾պͷСҵԸǡÿʮ죬ҡ
˾պ˵á
֣۾̵Цú
⼸˵ǲ⣬ʼй
ϳɢɫâҫȸԾ룬˾պҲܾӰ죬һֱС
㻹ҲҶˣǸӰ˾պġ֣¶ǵ
ʵȴûʲô۾ﻹӡ
˾պļ类̣󱳺罬߶͸Ʋ£һ뵽Ǹˣ񶼻ᱻǸ
ԱдݣƲ£˵ֶУû£ֻҪƲ£ͻԭǸƲΪΨһķӡ
ڻ㣡ȻָͶƲµΪ
ӿ϶롪ҲĶܸ
α˾պȻɺ۾ŵˣɪ£㣬κλۣһ۵õЩŻѪ
˾պȻվûվȣַס
ֶȻǲһֱϡ
ɵɵվԭŴӣ﷢˵ʣԼһЩĵ
֮˾պ³֡
˾պ㡣
¡һ죬ٴס
ηӦζţһ̣˾պʤƲ¡


38 
ǸŴվ ΢΢ˣŬ̧ͷܵط˾պ ԭˡ
̾˿
ΪλƵƵס
˾պ籾ñƲռݣŴʹһϵҶ۵£ ڣûӴƲʱ Ů㡣
ԭľ鲢ûϸдЩϸڣȫҲδӰ죬 ˼ף 治֪Ժᷢʲô
ˣ Ѿ֪Ԥˡ
ǾͣһһɣϾڤڤָ֮˾պװŮ㣬ȵƲ£ȵϰֽдϵľ飬 ǻ
Ǳߣ˾պڻ˹˵㷨װã Żߵߡ
ʼռǵã ҪǷɢעûôۡ
ͳƵߣ˾պ˻Σ һʯ˸µߡȡԭĺɫͷֱӴϣ ڽͷʱ ˾պֶס
ý㿴Լڵ
˾պƣſζ㣬۾òã
žͽĪۣν۾˵ұˡ
˾պȡͷףߡ
¶۾º촽ٸͷߣҸ޽ǣǡõסϵİ̺ۡ
Σ𣿡
Ϊۣüͷ΢΢΢ģ촽Ҳס
ԭýʹЩһɫȹ٣Щֱӣ־÷⽿οɰ
˾պ̲סָһĹĵա
ۺʶ̵ĽëСһ
۾ûգ
ˡ
˾պϵ߾Ȼܱɫ߱Ϊɫʱʱɫ仯һƬǡϡֻһƬϼӰġһʵɹԡ
ЩɫӰڳ۾Ϊɫһˡ
Σϧ۾û̡
Խ̳ĵǵǲصü
˾պҴߣ㿴ſ϶һЩ
ͷߣյܴ˳ץס˾պ֣һɣ
˾պ˲ˣβŽ͵ã
ʱֱСߡ
˾պȥֻ֮ǰߡ
ϵʱͰҲ˳˵ãҴҴ߳š
ʱȰߺŸһѪ⡣
֪ΪԭǽڣάΣ˾պűģÿʮ嶼һεʱͬ顣
ʱ˾պڣγţֻʮձŲɣѹõı
˾պʵܿ죬⼸ѾˡûɷǰǶٽסڿ뾡뵽취ɷá
θж
ʱ˵˵ĻҪЩ
Σ
ʱȰƯøá
ΣǺǣллޡ
ļ죬ʱ߹ͳӣ취ͷżһڣ˾պɴ׬ʯÿǰͻ󶼻˵ϼ仰һ°¡
ɷûǲˣκò׿¼õĽû
˹˰£ﴫ˺Ϣ
յĳ˲յ
ƳĲյһһƷʯļ۸˳ȥһ˴˵ȥ
յ۸
ϵյһֻҪһʮƷʯŮҲࡣ
һԹԹԴװ޵θ˵ñ˻˻˻Ƿˣ
ʱָףС֣Ŷ١ִ˵ûûҹЩһƷɽ
ЦЦСǸСԡʯ˵ñˡ
ʱôԶеФϲʯƱ
ͷͺˣұϲ̾˵ȷʵŵʯţ׬ޡھͿǱΣܲ׬ǮÿǱߡ
룬Ҿÿ϶׬ǮǮ磬Һʦһףһ£λͲ̫ˣϾⵤҲˮ֪ġ
κʱͷͬ⡣
ЦˣСҲμأãʱҸһۻƾơ
ΣЩôһһӣҪܱ
˵ȥ׼һ¡ʱʦǳЩȵ˭
һߣϣ䲻һɵʱֱӴϵĵ߿պ˻Ǯˣ
Σ⣿
ܴǬ䣬ͷĶСèֱձȼ硣
ʱ˿ȥ˺һɢҵ鷢˵Цˡ
Σ˫ۣͲ̫Ц
ʱû˿ҷ衣
̾Դ뿪ֵɽϾûʯǿྡ
ͽյúáû˾պС
˾պ߲֪Ǯ
Ƿˣööëš
׹ʱƼȹףˮûʱһ˽ڷ˸ۡ
Ȱʱſţͨ硣
ֱڣЦ˵֪ĿζϲʲôƷ׼˸¶
ǸߣҲһԼСӡ
һֻ׻͵ĵܣ׻ͷ϶˸Բ̣۰Ͱ͵سŰ
ǸʲôͳҲǱʿҩ͵ЩӡӡӡƯ̰оѵȵȡ
׻ʾǰ͸ģϲˣԺȡǬķһҪС̡
¶ʲôúóԲóԡΪ壬ڳԵķû̫ʶֻͨˮͻ𿾣Ӧųԡ
ͼһ⡢ˡڳмһЩ¯Ĺ
ԲΣȦָǸȦʣʳʳҾŪ
ʱһ
С˿˿أԼҲˣҪڣʱ˵Ҳԡ˸ˮ
һͷˮҿʲô
ȵȣҾʲô
ЦЦ˵֪ˡ
ʵ֪Ҷʦϲʲô¶ʦ׼ģʦȥɽɵġ
ĶԷȴˮһ͵ˣҲ֪ڶʲô
ûʣòؿڣʦȥ˺ɽʱ䣬Եýʱ
һõúٵҩݣζֲڵֲʦû˭רſһƬ
ΧҲûҪĻֻԼȥԶժһһأᵢ鲻ʱ䡣
ʱü˵ˡת¶µȼյľһЩƬ̣ڵտˡ
ʱƬ󶪵ǰԡ
ֱ죬Աߵ鶼ûüֹ
Ȼ󡭡
ֱǺᣬЩһС硣
ζ̫ͷƶˣ̫̫̼˰ɡһȣ˾պֵѪ㲻ʲôˡ
ʱЦЦ˵Ǹ׼һˮ
ҡͷҲҪԣ
ûԹζԼһܱһͷ
ҪףٲúȾơ
һʼ׼ե֭ˮ̵סȵƣʱͺȵģɫƬ϶͸һɵĺ졣
׬ʯ̫֣һȵ֮ͦ࣬ûʩչ⣬ҹҶˡ
ƺİûʱôأžƺһߺһصؿޣ粻ϲεεŮӣҾܵչ⺣ɹ˺ö죬ɹķɫл˰ɣϲʲô
۾Ƴ̴Ȧκʣϲʲô
ӣ˵ϲϲǣۣϲϱŮ
Ķ
ôֻҲǵĴڣ
ԣ廹ûֻ˰ɣͷΣ˹˵غ˺üھƣˮ˳ź촽ɫķɫӳ£ƶƳǣһֱķ顣
ŵ˺üá
Ů
ھΪŴ˾պȵˡ
ˣˣıϲң
һ䣺磬Ǯûжѻɽ鰡Ҵ˾պ˳뿪Ҿȥ
߹Ů׼ϲҡ
ֻҪҹʯС
ת뵽ı˶þͻҲǸڻңҡҡͷˣܲųѨǿӡ
ʵ֪ϲɽ˵ͷǶѻɽĵر
˻˻˻ԣϲ˯챦ϡ˵ĻʵһӦͻ˵ҲΪ˵ö𣿡
Բͨȴȫƹ
ֻǲϲŮˡ
Ŷһ˻˻˻ԭϲˡ
Ա۾ʱЦûĵĶԻһֱһƺ«ʱʱһڡ
һڣȹϢʱ룬ûҲŲ
ûʱѾˣľƺ«Ǹľһ֮Զ«
ǺҲȲꡣ
ʱѾſϡ
ˣʵֻ
ʦˮ֪ĳſڣԺ̱ŵŮһߣѬ˵ľüͷȻȻ
վſڣſߵ
û˯ȥ˻̧֪ͷκͷ̧۾ֱؿǰ֮˵磬ϲϲ⣬ɱѹǵļۣ
ĶȥƷʵĲյ
ԳԿ㣬㣬̵ģͷ˿ᣬ̣á
磬أˡ
ˮ֪ģͽܷˡ
û취ֻܽȥ˴
ߵߣ˫Իź«ȾƵʱ˵ִ̧ʱĺ«ǰÿκȾƶٳֹ·£ȫˣ
ʱͷ˵û
ˮ֪ģӲ
Ҳû
ΣҲû
ˮ֪ЦһǺǣ˵Լû
ʱɣ˵ǰԺ֣Ϊ˻ţڣʱüβˡѾˣɼǵԼѲֵɽǸеӣֻǸİ
ˮ֪ĵĽͻأġ
Ž˵ʲôҲûڣֻǵַŰתʱһ仰
ˮ֪ģҴȥˡ
һַŰһŽ
ſϣͷѾ´̱ߡ
̧ͷߵſڵˣҲƮһ·ĺ÷Ӱ
ţʦһҪȡ
ˮֱ֪ӵֽҪɻԼԺʱһ˵˻˻˻ˮ㣬Ľôڿѽ


39 
˵꣬ 졣
Ĺĵ˺ü
ȵҵǸҪǵСİʱ۵˵ ֪طӦˮ֪Ķ
ö
ѾܹԽĴν ǽҲȻֵܷˮ֪еĴθԽĴк
֦ͬΪ
ԽĽӦ
ˮ֪ĵĽϣ һ·Ʈ㡢εĺ÷ ȴ͸Ÿõζ
׷÷ ǽ֦µѪᡣ
ˮ֪Ļһ սֻ֣ǲܿưز㣬˵ʲô
ǰѾһ״ҵ
ܿ죬˵ڶ
黭÷ɿ죬ǰĿռ䶼
ԭһ һٶŭﾭסơ
ƿ׳ģ
ΣҲ£˭˭ǹ
ͷ˻˻ͷʮ㣬 ȴࣺڿ
ĳ նأɣ÷֦Ѿߵͷ Ϊǿôᣬ ϲʼⰻȻ Ҳսѽ
֦еǽһ֦ͷ룬ÿһ֦ܳΪĽ
Բԣÿһ֦һòݡһ仨һ֦һɣϲƬأ
϶ƬأԸ򽣡
أͻȻϲԽ
˵꣬ѾһֻתתǰĹеۡһߣ
˾պ䣬ӣһһֵ˹Խ˭
󣬱˾պסˣֱӳ÷֦󵨵ߣˮĪҪǿǿŤĹ϶ǿ
˾պüͷʲô߰ģܲʲôǿŤĹϲ
仰ƴۡҪĶҪǿΣ
εģ⻰Ŵ졣
˾պҪҧң
ΣôңҸЦһ
˾պ
ͻȻûôˣ׷ʣԽ˭
󣬶һ졣
ʲôصǽ
ǽı
˾պתͷͿſڵˮ֪еĽ׹ϣҳһơ
ʱʦ
һ˵ʦ᲻᲻ˣ
롪ʦ϶޲
ôһ룬ʱ͸ˣǽϣ룺㲻ҪĻҾͼеóԡ
˾պҪͿǵϵĽٸɿݣҶƬڣԭĺ÷·һֻ飬պͿ֦һ𻯳˻ҡ
΢紵Щҽ˷
˸ڵѩҲԺһǣֲֹƬ
˾պȵط֣ҽصĵطѿðܿ죬⣬ڵôݲҲ硣
ǽ
뿪ˣȴܻ
ˮ֪ؿһУ˪ǵϣҲһ
Ǹ˺벿֡
ԣһֱ֪ľʲôӡ
ԭľ
飬ͬΪԺûִųҲη䣬ĵȴƬصÿһ䣬ڻľ¶
ˮ֪ĻͷǸ׷Խӵǽ𣬿δңҲ㡣
£ƣˮ֪ĵٴζһϺ÷߳Ĺ⣬Ρ
ӿˮ֪壬Ϣڽƾ֮ס
Ũֱ˾ƣһʦ
ͱƾˮ֪ӽԺӣȥš
˹
һֱžƺ«ʱ϶Ц˵Ǿ
ζѹؿˮ֪ģˣ᲻Ӱ߾鰡
Ψһûˮ֪ĵֻ˾պ
ոˮ֪˵Ǿ仰˾պֻ֡
ֻ˵㡣
Խ㡣
˾պôҸаɣ㰮ôоôС
ڻ飬ȷˮ֪ûʲô˿
̧ͷٿ˻СȻѾ˾պ˯ˡ㵹˯ţ
֪֪Ҳ
ˮ֪ԭûֻ̫ʱ󣬽Եɺϴ籶д˰
籶ģսǰúܺá
ԣԼõҲ޷ʹá
ˮ֪ܽ⿪籶С
ͬԭһֱδ⿪ҡ
ʵϣͬ㣬ﶼǣŶԷ
ʱıֻˮ֪ܻѣˮ֪ģʵմͽܰĹ⣬Ҷһ˽ۡ
ûߡ
˵ҵʦá
ԭûдûͻƣҲûдǻֻдлѺ͸˰Ϊʱɰ
д˵Ǿ仰
߰ɣҲˣҵʦá
̧ͷ죬ĬĬǧ
۰壬ͷƹ
ܿ죬ƾ˵ע⡣
Ҫɽٵˮ֪ģԸԪӤôʱ䣬ħΪһӽھȻͻƼѲɣԼó˾µĽ⣿
ˮ֪ĽҲǧɣͻԪӤ˳ڣҲһδɽãǰλá
ȻεͻƲδ
٣ϲδ׽١
ãԤеĶɽٶδֻ֣̾Ϣƿߡǵ̲㣬ʧ˰׶û˵ʲô
˵ˮ֪ĸ̫ǳ̫ǳͻƻвٵľ롣
һҡҡͷҲö԰˱ڴ콾κܴ֮һ겻ȴҲѧһֱԭشת
벻˴ɽ£µʼղʵ
ܶ޷봫ɽĵӣڰһʱ󣬶ѡУΪһ峤ϣͽҲΪų
һֱǿϣĵϣ֪ҲڸģԽԽխ߳ͬ
ˡ
ʣǸȴΪԭ޷ΣЩϧˡ
ջߣպԴټһɡ
һ𣺡顣
ɡ
룬һ䣺ʲôʱʲͽܣҲԸǼӻ
һ˲ʲôͽ°ѺҲа·
ǧڵԪӤа·Ļ񲻶·ߣǰϣһϡԪӤõȥܿɽɣһؼˣʵϧһԼŰţԸΪųȻ
治̸ѹͷţֹҪ˼
ϰʣʱ磬𣿡
ʱ±ʣλ棬֪
˿˲ᣬһʱЦһ
ûʲôԴһʻȥʣЩʲô
֪İ֪ģôʧء
塣
ɢ죬ˮ֪ĳ˵ûͺá
ΧĻݲô죿
˾պˮܰԼӸˡ

Σ
ʱԣܴΣԽ
ȻϲϾ̫ϲ黨ǲݡˣצһ۲ݣʱʱҧҧҶӣôѧûᾪ
ͰڵĽ
ѩݻݡ
飺û׽٣ͻʧܡǣûƿҪ׽١ûͻƣǲǵ˳ڣˮ֪Լɡ
ˮ֪ߵʱǰҹվͽд㡣
ʱ֪ʱƬҶü³˵˵Ҳʺڣ𣿡
⽣һݶɡ˾պķŬŬ죬ϵɷˣ
˾պҡͷҪ˵Ҳʺʱʱ˿˿ϲ
Ĭһ˲˵Ŷ
ŵСߣмֳ磬Ρ
˭ϲء
ǽǷվ
ǽڣվֱ壬͸ǽ˸ӡ
ݵдֶͿһǽȾ˵ӺܴҪһˣĻˣĲֻңƬ£
ѾǸˣ
㶮𣿾һй켣ðдľУЩ־һвȥض𡣡
ϴ̬ãҴˣأ֪ˡ˭һ仰ˮ֪ĴΣ
֪εͬʱҲΪˡ
Խ
һһݶ
дˣƮȥһΡ
תһȦɹؾǽɹӷվСֻԼһˡ
һֱء
飺˺ˣ´αٷˡȥŰɡƽʱžţžվŵСȻʵʵβͼŵվһʱ֪ˡ
飺
Σˡ
߲ۡ
󣬻ûгŵѰεľƵ˾պϡ
һڣȥͷ֣뾵ֻʣһ֮ңˡ
һ˵ľ
ټĺ棬ֻ顣ʶʿֻھڷԣƲӰ
ȵ󣬱˵ꡣ
ѾܹϵӰˡ
ʲô
Щ˷ܵغҿһͷ˶ϡ٣ǣûֻԽɵģֻצצצû࣬ҲûƯ
ɰȻС˵ȴ˾צ룬һ¹֮ݣŸ߷ơ
ζ޲ó塣
ǰĹϵûô
Կɽ롣
ˣ岢ϡ档
漣
μغɣǱߵ


40 
˺üûӦ æܣ˼ͻһƶȻɽѹס ӶһأЩС
һ ԿԽ
ˣ˾պֹһɷûõѹƵĻ ΪԽߣԽԿء
˾պڻ㡣
ܹʩչʶҪǿһЩ ҲڴԲ ߵԵ һϰһѶȡ
ŬŬӦÿԣ
ҧгݵ˵
Ҫ뿪ˣϻ𣺡ȵңôأ
Աд㼱ʲôȥҲһ
ܿĺӰִܵĺӰͬ
˵˽ں죬ֻҪʶǿ ͷʲôֵģ
ΣܻûֻƱţ 嶼ܼǣ ο壿
һ£Թ˵и֡
飺
ҡ£ʼˮ涼δ
ο֪Լ¶ˣ ǰǱ֣ Ԫôǿ ȻܿҪ𣿡ûɲǿߡ
ˣҲڻء
ͬΪڻңκȻԼõġ

ȻϰҲϣȻˡ
һẕ̌ں档
ñʼëˢź棬ſſϢ
յúܺãڶࡣǿʼûеƷ裬ʿһյ˲ָ߳ɣֱսʱ
˵񵤣Ͳֻܽյ
ΨһõľǷ˵ҩɫͷŶɫҲʵ̫Ź˵ⵤĴʦΪλصȺã
Ůڵǻָ鵤յʲôǶ򲻵ˣ
κʱû뵽ŮǶԲյô
һʼǶΪһŮһıÿıĵط
Ȼʵϡǻġ
θ̾Ů޶Լòô𣿡ԼÿʱһҲʲôҪıĵط
飺
֪ࡣ
ΪڵĵͽŮǣܶ඼͵͵һҡ
Ѳ⣬
˲յվҲвۡ
վ˾պƵߣΪԵʣڵҲܻӭ
͵ʿµۣŵĲʺɾ
ôڵӸɫڵİ
οÿЦҸ˾պԺͽвʺ˫ɷ
ŷţһѶϢʱ
˼ģ˾պ̨ҽ𣿡
ͣ˾պǸ˾պ˾պĺպѴҹкţܶ˶֪ոհǸ˵ǲ
ʦ˵˾պʶŰһڡǴޣͷ·ȫɷʴó˶һѪ
Ԫ׳飬ǣڹսﳤ
֮ǣǡ
һ˾պŸոڰɣһڵŵӣܵԼս˾պ
ע⵽Լս֮Լɫһԭڵŵӡ
˼ģҽΪѹΧǡʦֵܣҲվΪǱպ˭ң⻰һõ˲ϿɣСѯʣ㣬ʮҲԸΪʦЧ֪ɷ᣿
ʣĶ񣬻֣Զ⿴ʶֿɷֲŮβ֣ԶϾǸܿɽǸ˾պƤơ
飺֣Զ
ο֣ԶǰϢ˿̻һֱھ۵λãΪв۵Լ
Ϊȥ³ͷ˾պԼģ֣ԶһӳŵǶ뱧ϵĴִȡ
ΣС󣡡˾պڰ㲻ôܳȥȶ
뿿Ų˾պúôѾ˲С˰ɡ
ּ񼸸һʱǸ˼ľȻгˡ
˼ģ
˼ģ˾պȻζأŮӶµȥ֡ӭսֻйߣպٲɡŵӶײңɱҲͷʯСǮҳ𡣡
˼ģŶǷծӵôʯԣԸʯǡ
ֿš
飺ɷ̬֮˾պֶһǩš
ԭģˡ
𨱻֣Զ°ߣ￩һ¡
ӥצǰǿںڹѹɷڹױ֮Ҫһʱ˾պæĽܱѡ
˾պȻһ¡
϶ǽ˾պʱ֣Զ˰ߵġ
ô죿ȥ˾պ
ҲҪʱ㡢ˮǣ鷳϶ҪҴ˰æѽ
δҴ뿪ڣʶһ̽ʱҲûԺ
ʶͬʱҲ飺ȥĶˣ
飺ڹŵǶ
ʶǿһӾҵˡ
ŵǱΣڴԲˣշкüɣܿ͵˹ŵĶǰηֹŵĴûء
ʲôֱ壡
ĶΪ
һɽ
˸ָϡʯϡ
һȥҳһ㡣ԵЩλã½ŵĵطû
ɽϵĵǺͮͮģպ˵Ϊһصƽʱõʱɽ¡
ʱЬţҲԼһϣʾŪˡ
ʵô˵һϾ͸Ӳࡣ
èϲӡ
˹ЬܵѡһȻ̽š
ˣյʱѵôһ˫ľ죬·ʱȵյ졣
룬˾պվͰڴ°ҩҺЩҩҺǳӣͽóģԪ
ͨй;ϵѪɷĳȥ
ˮ֪Ա˾ĽĵȻ˾պɷҲһӰ졣
лûôأ
⣬뽫Ҳݵϡ
˵Ϊ˰˾պϵѪɷ˶жˡ
Ҷãʱͽá
ʵʱ뷨ȴǡ˾պ˸Ͻ˿˿ָΡ
Ч΢ӣüɷڼһЩٶҲ̫ˣЩɷ״Ӻζ
ﵹǲżָ˾պôı˵ıɷˣһɣϺֵǮױ
ԭֻɷĹھ˼Ķ֮ڷ̹Ȼؽֻױʵ
ױãױ죬׬ʯ
ԱߵͷԣһѲȣ´űȶʱá
ĴֵΣͷ˵ãŪ
ʱ΢Цý²ȵľˡ
Ҷ׬ʯǵԴ治ˣǹ˳һƣӻ˺üʴǻˡ
ʱȻǼСԹˣ
ڴ˾պմĶһ٣۽ǺЦɷ֮١룺ˡ
Ա߼ͬʱ
ʱ˿˿ˡ
˿˿ˡ
˾պһݣķ꣬һ£ֱӽڴʯͷ˸ķѡ
ˣ
ʦҲͰˣô˽
ӣԱߵҪԿأҪԿذһ˵һ߷ԸͽľͰڼҩ
ŮӶ̫ҿ˾պʦɷ̫Ũˡ۶ܿһź
䣬ͼһӰ˹˾պ˾պ
˾պԵعһ´ǣʱͰҡ
ͽҵ֣ң˹
еӿ˾պ˫ȥСߡ
ſ˫ֵһ˲䣬Χɢ߶ȻһƬϼͺС߳ʱӺҹ˳
ôף˿˿ֺ󣬾ǻһˡ
ӣĵС԰
Щûɲסֱײ˾պϡ
ͷӱһ£ƮƮ͵˾պС
ͷһʱȴʱбԱߵˮ֪ġ
֪ոˮ֪е
Ҫлκеԡ
˶ɫ
һͻȻɳײ˲ԶĿϡ
ͼһѿ˲յ̣ͨգۼͳ˻ҡ
ǿǶѻɽĿʯȻճһڻң
׻βŷһŭ𣺡ңҵĿ󣡡
󣬻ٴԾԱߵĿϣոյĲҾٴ֣һѿʯճ˻ҡ
ﶼˣѹȫͷţþȻסСǣҲۿԸ޷Ʒ磬˻ߵغæסס
ʱˮ֪ͬʱ֡
֣֯ǹزסС硣
ͼǻشڿ֮䣬ܿ죬ͽϡ˸⡣
ζˡ
û뵽ǳͻȻҴ󿪡ս䣿
ˣѹŵĶûˣô죡
ʶС磬лκθã˿СֵͬҰһڲݵȿ񱼣ȫŷҡ
дѾ̫ˣʵҪЩʯһֱɽµĵţԸ¿ڡ

ŵıԴ
θˡ
Ȼ˵пʯϺǳƮ˿յм䣬һ꣡
ʱԴ𣡡
ѣҲʶʲôٽڵµıԴջʶ󴸣͵һӸƴˣ
˺ü£ҲûǻĳʶҲĶˡ
ֻ֪ǳĶ
ûҵֱӷʶٴγ˯˵Ļᡣ
ǰ΢һ㣬ʱڿǲϨˡ
֪ﲻ
С˵ˣˣôѽ
ʱˮ֪ͬʱȻĻ
˾պ£ң
⻰һ˵÷ĹﷴӦ⣿ʲô⣿һӵıˣȫˣ
˾պ˵Ǹҿɷ
϶ûˣΪЩʯ򵽵ģһӲ˵ͻȻסջ٣Ѳǻ﷢ֵģϽ֮𣿡
˾պҵĻ˿˿ġ
˴ѵСߣҲƲסǻ硣
ʱ˾պ⳥׬ʯҲһɣģʧһ㡣
վ棬ĿǰڵгҲѾ򿪣ŵռһɵĻһҲܿɹء
صغһ
ˮ֪ĵδһƶĺ£ʱ򣬻Żһԭеһ̫á
˵ûǴѾһû뿪ɽ˰ɣ
ɫһױãճ̾˿ðɣɵĲȥµĲ˵õĲΪ֤
ҲԱ˻˻һģ
ҵǬﻹкö౦һʧ
˵꣬Сһģء
˾պܾеġЩ˶㣡
÷꣡
һǣ
ʱˡ
Σ
ۺʵûоۡ˾պҲû̫
ʱ۾ģĺ
˾պһӱˣæ˵СذǺ»ˣˤˡ
ȵԺһֱû˵ĳӣŵ
ŵػϧ
룺˰ο˵ˡ
ӣôһƬؿҲͦϧġЦЦҹ۴˵ŨòϣңһֻݣʱճҲһΣ

ӣŵȫŮͽҲ񣬴صлŵ
ӻûӦأ
ʹؿǰһȺˡ
һͲ˾պȫŮˡҪŮˣá
һƶϴⲻҡ
һʢ˥İ塣ɽϣܾί
Ӿȥͽʮ˸еӣѹѹЩ


41 
ûԼĿģ Ҵһº̵˾պץ˰𨣬 Ӧս
˵ֿʱô찡Ǹأ ǲ֮ͬĶԹܲѽ
ʱüͷ΢򭣺˭Լ
Ѿͳڣ ʶȥһɨ˳֣Զ̫æˣ ûעôһ¡
οΣ˿˿ģ ȥ
壿ʱü ȥˣ¶ġ
ķǰһֱ϶ʲôȲ
һֵɽΪеӣػ塣
ϵͺһֱҪϳΪ ޷Сˡ
ΪٿŵԵף˵ʲôѪˣ һֱ鷳Ӳ磬 ڣ˵ͷϡ
ˮ֪ĵҸȥˣǸ֣Զʶǿȣ ˾պʤ
Σûڣ ȻѾȥתһȦ
ʱȥӰɡ
ˮ֪˵˼ţ㻹ûʼѧɣҴһн
ʱüͷһ ҵĵӲҪ̡Ȼľ̸˱ݸľ괺ԭؿ𣿡
ɲֻ𡣡
ǰžֱ˻භ죬Ǹ߽ǿˣûСŮһɡ
ǹ￴ȥ˵Ǹڵӣ࣬˱ֱ̨࣬²̨
С۶øһڵƷǲŵģ
ӣԸͽȥȡϸĻɫҶֵı˫УСϣҶӽγ赲ֿܻ䲻ȴҲá
ƷһԵõĹ˵Щʹòǵ
ηˡ
ӣĴ󵨵ؽӣ
ʲô˾պ䡣
ѾʱͰ磬ǿľ֣
˵ǮҶȤͳӣΧ˹
ͷԣһº̵¼ڣƬ̺̾Ϣ̽һ¿ڷ磬ҾȻΪ˾պӮ
ŹΪЩӣƵΪ˾պԽɱ֣Զ
Ǹٿš
ΪܶӴɽ˵ĶԣˣҶһʼ˾պǴǴġ
ʱˮ֪ڿҡ
ڱ˶Ϊʦھ͵͵С˵ͽܵĻ
ǡ
˺ôһںڹ
ϣ˾պϿ
ʦǶʱҪ
Ƚɷ˵Ļʧˡ
ںƲסԼ˺㣬Ͼôô
ЩӣҲûķˣڿЩֻǼûÿΪҲԲ˼ٶǰѴﵽڡ
˾պüͷ
ѧʲô죬ѾѧʮַȻȴһֱ޷š

ѧᡣȻҪĸؼİȻܲ˶ˡ
ûơ
ǰ۾Ӧڰʿ߸ܹӰ졣Ѱ춼ڳӣǱߣͽ͹ˮģ첻
ֻʣͽ
˴ĺڰУֻǡ

ηȥ˯ţڴŤòᡣ
ߺ󣺡Ƭ飬Ǳˢúܣˢᣬߡ
Ҫȥæͼ˾պѾ˹ƿϡȥСߣƺò̫֣ԲɵԱߣʳָԴһ·ߣαӶߣֱˡ
λͷҧҲ֪Լҧ飬ͼװҧһ¶ѣһڹȥȻҧʵˡ
ֻ֡
˾պ
ʲôʱ˯Աˡ
˾պõģһƿزã㿴أ˵Դβͼ
ѵҸոպ˾պ˹ôõӣ
۽鵽λȻŶϴˮĽιȻ˾պƢ
εһһ
ȵָعʱβŵͷɡ
˾պԭġ
һһʣ˯ţ
ͻأ𣺡㵣ҵĵ˯š
ˣûֻǵ˯Ŷѡ
˾պ˵ȥϿһµ֣ͨõġϵֿɼʶǿȣڶ֪ųɾŵʿΪ硣

ģһûġ
ɣĿ϶㡣
Ǳ̫ʧߵκܿ˯˹ȥ
˸Ρ
ε˰ﵽƮչ˹ŵؿʯǳ
ԽԽռǰƬء˵ǳ涼ԿɫΪȸΪơΪ졣
ΣԱ˰Աˣǿɲˣһƨծ
Ȥ䣬ͼɫ𽥱䵭ϵİƵӳϣƬ
ɫһŮӵһʼģεõϵ𽥱
ŮºڷƽڱĿϢͷҲƮһػ磬ɫϸֳ϶˻Ʈһ̡
ԼǰԴ϶Сӣ˲ŮӲøС
ǳĻ𣿡ͷʡ
ԽŮԽϤȴ֪ϤдӺζ
ȵеŮۣŷӦҺ񰡣ر۾촽ֱһģӿ̳ġ
Ů̧
߽ʱοס΢΢һЦչ֮ʱľһζŻԾ
Ц̫ิӵοȴԼܸоˡ
ʣ˽㣬㲻𣿡
Էûлش
Цһ£һΣ۾Ҳ΢΢̣
΢Цʧڻ֮С
ͷβδ˵һ֣ȴãһкܶ໰˵
Ȼʧ˯˯òȡ
ڶһѾ͸ϽʶСڳ˯ûѵļ˦˦βͣ룺ѵΪǳ׹ɵĻ棬ջ׳Ҿε
ϲ˵Ƿġ
ԣϽӦǿĵİɡ
ţҶ۷Һ͵ѽ
θʱһȥ̨
ʱ˵һҪҡȻԣһǼҲ֣һ˿˿¶ķա
Σһ㡣˵꣬ʱϣĴһڵʵʵһ˿¶
˾պͳˣǵʱ˾պѾվ̨ϡ
Ӹߴ䣬Ų⣬ҫ£ܺеʺ硣
κЦ
ڴҶ˵ڵأвʺšЩڼ֮˳ƷζȻκܿİϲʱܿء
ųʱ˾պ͸Ӧˡ
ɽϲŽʦվ̨ϵ˾պȻҲ𺡣
׼ȷ˵ǿʦӣ̽˾պ֪Ͳ
ǰ㶼ֻϡ
ڣʦϣû¶ͷһʵʦӵ°Դ΢΢ҡΣʦʱʱİͦġ
룺һҵİȫ
Ͳ̫˵ɫˣΪ¶Ψһ˫۾
ת룺ҲŲҡ
ôһ룬˾պʱǶ̲ס΢΢̡
վ̨ϵ˾պһһȵģΧ۵Ӹˡ
˾պȻǸӰһһᣬëȻ
ѲԪˣ


42 ɱ
֣ԶʱһȺСܣ ·硣
ʿǽǰߣ϶ϳһѪۡ
գϢӥצԭָ ֻʣһָڰǴ һطѪⶼڷˡ
ϵıҲ˳£¶˲˿ڵ°ͣ Χһ
ǰ𨣿λϲˡ
ζ⡣
ż˵úأ
ð˸ͷͱʱᰴȥ档Ȼ ֱߵ֣Զǰ ظ֣Զк
һˣ ֣Զʮֿں°Ѱ𨽻˳ȥ
ӵǸˣ֪Ӻʱ¹һ
棬ʹףЦһ˵̨
ٴɷģ ˵ĸоͬϽʱ¶Ⱥߴӵģ
Ҳ֪ǲ̫ۣ֣ԶֻԼĻŭţ ǰը̻
ã úãǽ飡Ц̨վŵ˵δ˵ԴСһὫΪѹڡ
̨Եʿ̨ ʤ һ̨һƷʯ
֣Զ׼õʯ˹ȥ
ʿӹʯ ɨһ۵ϳѪۣŪ˵棬һƷʯ
ŵǱƣ֣Զ˳ǣٴͳʯݳ
ΣҪǮ鴫
ӹʯ󣬺ȡһӷڱ̨İ۴ͼһ̹𣬽ţ˾պͬҲ̹һһ
һһ۵صϽЯ
֣Զһ̣ʦǴֱʣó
˾պȡ̨ȥޱ˵Ǯ
ͺӵһ
Աߵʿ̲סǣСĶĵ˵⻰Ƿأ
εͷͣԣҿıֻʱòѡ
еǮ
ʱͷҲŵͷ˵
ӣ͹ûе˾ʶԶԶΧۣ౻ӣ΢Цؿ˵ˡ
һ˵
˾պ⣬ǵĺâ
ˣ߽ױֲҲֲܴѾпȽڵʵˡ
ʿȻڵıֲ
ǰ壡
˾պ˫ҲȡӸʱ
Ǻǡ
ӣ
Ҹ˾պ׼ķֲ̨
ڵ˾պһѳֵı
֣ԶʣûбһѲõĽҿԽ㡣
˾պҡҡͷˣ˵ʼӲģԵø
ʿͷ˾պһٶȳ֣Զٶ̫죬̨ϳһӰ
֣Զ˾պλá
Уӵն˾պֻڣվŲ˾պҪ϶ûʱ䣬ٶȿкã
ֻҪ˾պһͲա
Ϊ޳⣡
һȥǿ˾պϣȴײʯѵһ졣
֪˾պǡ
һȥ֣Զף˾պֻǣǾֻѾ˴ԲǼƷǡ
û˾պһ˺ۣ֣ԶͷȻһֱѹƾ磬֮ͬ£ùⶼһƿ˾պķ
ֻܣʶ͵Ϯˣһʶ֮ΪԷһ
Ȼ֣Զûüʩչʶ͸оĿһ
ôˣ
ͷһ˾պ־Ȼ͸壬ؿֻ֣š
ôôܡ
ֻ׵˺ķϣࡣ
һʼǱģʹľڣûһʱ䷴Ӧ׷ʲô
ȵͷȥʱһɿ񱩵˿ϯȫʹ٣ʱȴͬԪ񱻴糶飬۵
֣ԶֻһѪǰըʶɢһ̣˾պմѪ˫۾ҲɺһƬ
һ˲䣬̨ͷֳʤ
̨ϵʧ˵սѽ
֣Զڱֱ̨ӱѿһѪ꣬ȫʬû
ʹţͷûջɵˡ
˾պӲһΪУֱӴ͸֣ԶֻڶԷһ£ðֱ֣Զȫʬ
ڵ״̬ܲԾ
ͺ޷ڵɷ˿Ѫַ
ʱ̧ѹﴫѺһת룬ɿĽ˿˿˴꣬Ϣֺ󣬾СֱӾ̨ӡ
ʱס
λŵúܣôȣ
˾պ˶Ծѽ
еͷԼڳģ˻˻˻˻˻˻˻˻˻˵˾պ̫ˣӮ
Ҳ˶Ǻ˻˻˻
˾պ˫ĿѪһƬ˫۾һϸϸȪ侲
Ȫˮ罦ʱҲ˾պֻʣ˲һߡ
˾պ֣ץס˷֮
˿ڣǽϵѪ񫣬һֺ޲ýǰһͨͨĶĵӿγɷƣһѽ
ȻץסСߵһ˲䣬ͳһͷˡ


43 
ö᣿
临գ ߬ŵֻɿһָָ
ǹаȱѹ£𽥼Сͬʱ˾պ˵ˮ ĿкâҲԵһЩ
Ǳˮɰ죬û˴ǰǰŨң ʧ
ʱ˿ٿ˵ߣ Ȼȥ
δ̨ͼ˾պǽһҪµģ ʱֻܺһ ʾ취
飺ħѺһϵɱˣ õĻ˵һ־ᱻɣøԭһģһ
ǿѹԽѹԽ
Ͼһѹħ
ʱʵǿᣬȫֱӳѹ˾պ
Ȼһѹ롣
ڵ˵ ²衣
תͷ˾պǵѪķˣȫˣ
һż  ֱӵȥ˾պϵѪײȥʱŶû֡
ͷ䡣
 ԴײĴʱ ⷢˡ
Σ
ͷϵСİȻĳһЩ ˾պ촽Ƥ
ΣѪˡ
˾պӰ䵭ͷС΢΢ðСһ¡
νֱķУҸոðСǽǣ
ǰǡ
أǶ˵رҪżʱ򣬶ҪԷǴ󲻴
ⶥǸλã
ӣκʱסĽӰʧˡ
ֻӲͷƤ
ΧʿҲ֪˾պڴи̬ˡ
˽
ôģ
ΣͣʯͷԼĽţ
ȥȥϽȥδߴ١
˾պǶˣʱ̤˽ţֻǻδߵ룬һƾճ֣̤ϵ޷Զ
ʱ۷
ķո̨ϱһնɱ֣Զģ
ʱۿ˾պɷƣһԪħʴȥӹһˡ˵ʱһȴǷʱϣȻԵʱ
ħ֣ʿȻ
Ӷħ壬Ҷ֪ħж¡
ӹµѪô꣬ɴĿġ
ħʴԪ֮˻𽥷񡢱壬ϸһ룬Ǹ˾պȫϡ
Ѳɣıħ˿ӣ
ҶϢһκʱĲ磬ֱӻӽն⣬ִúӣ
ǰ·һѩ壬ëѩ裬˼䡣
ʱԻѩӰѩδȾһ˿ѩۣϲã⼸꣬ʱ治ˡ
ʱȥӹسǽ֤һ£ⶼĪй֪ħʴӣ
ʱŽ͵Ѵȥӹ쳣
ʱЦһ԰ɽ幰˹֣˵ִ棬ϲ¡
ԶɽϴһϵˣϷȥӹһ˰ɡ
ʱü
ɽ¹ɷѪŨڵ˾պܲЩ̼ңó˾պϾҪˡ
ȥӹ˺ӹصɷֻĻȫɥʧǣΪһѾױ
ȥ˶ȥ
ʱЦһҪ֤Ҳһǵȥӹأ
Զ󣬰Ȼ˾պɽݺݵ
ˣκ˾պԭû
һΡ
״˾պԱӸ״Ǹףÿ£ںڵģһҲ
˵ֻ˻˻غŽСµģϣ˾պ뷨
ƽʱͦƽ
˾պĿ䵽ϡ
ͷҡź
˾պɷƣнīն˻ɽ
ʱ΢Цħ壬ȻᱻֱɱħСҲĻᾪɽ
Ȼħƾۡ
ֻһ̣ʱЦϣʲô
īײϽɲǣо轣ӽ𣬽ţڶѽѽܿ죬߱ҫо轣˾պϡ
ֻǽ⡣
ǽ⡣
ʱ͵»䣬ոһ˲䣬Ϊ˾պҪɱˣʲô
Ϊνϻҷֱӷ˾պ
˿̵˾պЦεԴ˵£㿴ⷢˡ
΢ЦʱɽĹâȻϨ˾պɷٴӿ֣Ŀһݣڶ
ʱɽһصˣɽһһ飬ǰͷϡ
ʱίÿˡҿڴû죬ȻǷ⾪ծ
˵ûУʱһֱۣǰߣ˾պӻ˵ϣ
ۿ˾պ붯֣ʱ˲ˣֻܿͰ͵Σһ˫۾ˮԲĴè۶
Բ˾պϣߣ˻˻˻˻˻˻ȥؼ
΢ƬļӲƹʱһ⡣
˾պʵʵظʱ
û߽ţŰѾȻ˰塣˵İ𨽻ʦѾʼˡ
һ飬ڰͷϡ
е˰
ĬĬʱ
յͽܡ裬˰ܼҡ
ȥûбĵܲĵˡ
˵
ص壬˾պͷŶðζ˸̴ѡ
뱻Ѭ
Ȼ˾պ뿪
ʱҲߡ
ţǼ취
Ƭ̺󣬴Ҽ˾պʵѹƲסˣѹסˣȽס
ʱϵӣ׼ҩˮ֪Աʩչ⣬ϽΧ¯û׼ͻʱ켸ױ˿˿ߣʱʱһ
ǹԶһվȻˡ
أ
ʱҲԶҪϣȻ̲ס
ұһծһ̲סһצ
ͳһܵǰվͷ˾պҪˣһƷ
Ʒҩʯ򲻵
ƷѾǼõĵˡֻܶ÷Ʒ
Ҫ׳ʦˡ赤ҩҲ
ס
Ȼ֪Щ÷ҩǿɵͻһҪҩ
ԭ˰
һͷɿóӰʯ޵Ӱ¼һкܶ򣡡
ڰô׬һһ
ҪӰ
ӣ̫ðɣ
һ顣
ͬش𣺡Ͻ
ӣһͽܻȻ·
˾պ̲סˣ
Ҳ¶ȻǼ֮ˡ
ðɣܱӰʯ¼Ҹλãɡ˾պ·ϡ

ƺ˾պƽһ
˾պǣΪҲΪľ˷γС
ме鷳
ô˾պϡ
˾պʱ̫ŨҲø⻬ûצצס˰
һ·¹ϡ°ںܳܽڵ
ߵԵʣ˾պûôŨԳ˵̵ɫ󣬵ǽԭɷ嵭һЩ
ʱ΢΢ȣ⵹ǳϣ嵭һɷһʱӦòʧء
ûã˾պͳɹףϢܿȶʱüͷһ壬֣µС߸
αһ飬κģ̧ͷǡ˾պ۾ϡ
˫۾ǺģʹеСθ
ؿԼǸСǽðһءȻССһȴܿǵ״ˡ
ΣҲˣ
ֻ˸ĶǣùŶ
Ǹǣ˲ðɣʱ䣬ͳ˸ء
˾պȻ³ĽǽǺܸȤ
һҧһҧ
Σⲻܳԡ
ƽʱúõģѾôòˣһԵ⣬Ӿûˡ
ģϣ
Ǳߣ˶ΧŰ
Ӱʯ¼ҿϲ˵ﶼϣܽԼĵɷһЩϾ޵϶ǻᴫġ
תʩˮĻӰʯڵĹӰˮĻ֮ϡ
ҾͶܿո˾պʱľˡ
⡢Ҳ˲⣬Ȼֲ¼ϾҪĽֻ޵
˾պǡ
˾պߣʱ߿϶и֪Ӧӡ
ʱϣеĻŽŵԼصͷ
ʱӽſʼʱҲֻǿٻιһƳĳֺʧ롣
Ľؿˮ֪ģ۾λεдĽ˸ͽܰ
ңͽܺñһծ
ʱЩԣеװɣ˾պСǡ
ĳλôĹҵġ
˿һЩСߡ
ԣѾøĿڽСˣһֻǣҲñǰһЩڣ˾պȼʱЩ͵һ磬߯ô׽˰
һ޹ʲôҲ֪
ȥӰ첻̫á
˾պͺˣֻڣһӰʯǿȫµ˶֪ˡ
Ĳ˵ԺЩŮ޸οֻ²Ů޻å
⡭
ˮ֪ĳɵصҪˣ
ʱ壬һ飡
˵˾պһЩıҶǾ˵ǲԪã룬Ӧúܺá
ӣҡҡͷǱѲݣû
һؿųӣǿУԺˡһ顭
ӣᣬתͷͽܣѲֲģȥĥһ£ܽҩС
㵽Ĵͽ¶ɫҴδӴǷֲûѰأ
ӣֿԱߵСͽܣʦ㣬ôˡ
ͽᣬӦ¡


44 ̴
ɹ˾պһֱûۡ
ɢ ֱŨӰδʧȻ¡
ײܽɷ һֱȥ¡
ν Ҷͷۡ
˾պո̨ΪλͻȻ
ֻΪѪ
ɷʬɽѪ۳ģöһѪ˴ķӦ
Σ֪֪ һɱˡĻʱˮ֪Ķǣ ˶һض˾պ
֪ĻΪ¾˶飬  ŵһɱˣ
ѹˡ
ɱ¾ѪԪصЩɷԭܿƵֱɷ磬һ
Σ̴ѣ̴ѣߵ̴ѣ
ʱһأʵûס Ц
ŶЦһ󣬺˾պ̴ѰڸоΣ
˾պۣ һ˫۾ǰɫ˫Ѫţ ʱЦݶס૵̴аŵúܡͽһʣʶã һԿƵ˼ Ӧɳ Ǹǻ
۾ߺܴ䣬ֺÿġһëóóںڵСӡ
ʱһȥëˣһ䣺ë
ôһһ˲ļ²ҲȫɢȥԼģֿ˿ˮ֪ĵˣƲһˣôë
Ѿ˾պϣһ˵ʦ
䶢ʱ˾պջĿ⣬ͷ˿ԲһȦ˿˿üˣǡǰЩӸˣһͷˣҪµĻ
˵Ҳ֣˾պ˵ҸµĽָ
ǸȦҲǴ﷨䣬ģֶҲȥ
ΣͻȻͲøжˡ
ʿͻƺҪһʱȹ̾硣
һ˵ͨɱǿս顣Ӵ󶼻ȥ˾պ⣬ڱ뾲ܶŭܶɱ
Ǹġġȹ̾أ
˾պֱ۴ֵĶСϥأԱ˵ۺ⡣
εú𾢶ѾЦá
ڳء֮˾պֱ˸»塣
ǵģ廨ɷԣǣ̫˰ɡ
Ҫ˾պ廨ϡ
磬ҡ˾պĸ첲˵봩ƯСȹӣָһѽ
˾պá
˽ٸ룬ʶسԵ˼ʮ˾պڿʼ廨ˣֻ֣֮̾һó
Σʲô֦𣿡
ǲһ˾պһˣޱؽϳڵԵŵͷ֦
ԱЦֱдո˯ʱһһ߿㣬ʲô֦Ǿ㣡
Σ
ûô
ôƯǣôһ֦ķֲ棿
ãһ۾Ϳ֦ˡʱ˵ˣһҪһʺҲÿһ仨
һˣˡ
˾պǰķ죬һӦһš
Һ˿øϵһΪ˿ǸĽźͲ
𣺡ֿˣҪҪ
ңҲõ佱
ĬϵĻѣΪģ֦
ˡͳ֣˾պۿɼķ仯˲
Сӷȷ黹졣
Ǻʧء
ƿǿʼ㣬ԸǸú庢ӡ
ͷ鷳ϵǸĨһ
֦ҳȹӺòã
˾պ۾һã
˵꣬ٴȡһµ룬ͷ塣
˿
̾һ庢ӿ۰ܺú塣
˾ձεڡ
ѾˣԴµء
ǰξ˰ϰȻǿģ֮ȥͽһƬĮ֮С
ʱ˵̫ѪɳĮôԽƬɳĮܵʿеĳǳء
Ҳ˵Ŷ˺ֵôԽɳĮ
ʶлļ죬û߼·ͻǺڶǰŲһԶ
ʱǻ
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ϰĶ
ƬѪɳĮǳֵٵΪֹֻ˵һ˳
Ǹھϰĵӣ꣬ں߳ѪɳĮ˵ˡ
ʱ˵ͻƽˡܶˣһӶû취ͻƽڡ
ûͻƣԶҲ߲ѪɳĮ֪ڵطķ羰
δ˺ᴩɳĮͷ
˾պڣҲܻصڣαȥЩ
ǣÿԵɳ߼ȾϳˣͻؾһſˢϵϢҲʱˡ
ϣѾ˿ʼ˾պ޵ˡ
Σż죬Ӱʯȫӡɹ۳ô
˷ܵشűʼҲ֪˶١
һ뵽ǰǷһ飬Ͷµûţ׬ô飬Ҫˣʱӵɽ
˶ˣȻ˷˾պСܣԪݵ۴ҲĶ࣬ڶޱʾǲҪ
ܵʱ򻹻ԷȰԪݲث֣
Ĳ
ǿδء
ȳȥʰ֪ˡ
ıʼھϻˮŻţһϢӳ
ɶ򣺡ٿţл
֪ɶǹŵһٶûھôôٴطظ
ԴݵдΪ뵽ʮ˸ͽܣ

壬ѾϾ졣
صʱ򣬶Сƹ
ŵǲ򰡣ȻĻôڵһûתȻа
·ĵֲӣﶼǵˣһʦʲô
·ģֻݡ
շأʩ޷ʣζͦء
ʲôŵ϶һŨŨĳֲʦãȻܾƺʲôԡ
Ҫʦ
˴ȥʦʱ򣬹ۡ
Ϥĵط
ȻطȴϤģ
ܵĿʯ˻ңǰ֣һŵСӣеĿѾ˺ɫӣȴδüѿϡ
ſţЦ˵æȥҷġ˵գݣֱλ˷˴Ѷ
ϵˣۣŨܵҲˣ¶һż
ʰ׵һƳţԼطͼʱǶˡ
ʱˮ֪ġӣһһͬʱ̧ͷ˹پеգһʶûֽ֮Ŷִټ֡
߹ȥ˰۾ԾطûŮϿ
ʱ˱ƣʣͨˣ
ŵ
ˮ֪Ľʣˣ
ҡҡͷǵûСֻǾãǰ뷨ǴġһٶǰھʣܷʮΣǰЩӣ˻شҡ
ˮ֪ĵһʱ
ʱϽƱȾƺȾơ
˵ԣʮȫʮ
ԭֻҪһ˵ԣҾȻЦһ£Һܸм
˵⻰ʱһŮ˶ﶼЩζ
ΪҲͬһʮ쿪δ˵ԡ
ǰţøõĲײԽãԽܳ飬ΪռϣνħѻɽĿʯûûҹĴ˷˴ԴõȴһһķƷ
ߴεѾܶ˶ȡˣҷҪȥĵڰ˴ΣھŴΣΪ˻˲ˡ
˵￴ˮ֪ģǰ򾪴ʱֻ֦ܷͨͨӳɽ֮ΪҪһֱ׷µĵײأôˣʱж֣
һʼ΢Ƶķôļ˵Ƕҵĺӡ
˵۾΢΢죺Ϊ׷鼫£һͽЩ¯Ǳ˻ҡ
ڵһ鶼޷ɹҲ顣
̾ϢһЩǳġ
ǰЩӷž֮ʱһõ֮ʱܳһܽԡλʦַЩͨƷ飬Ůӵĺ¡ᷢľᣬɱũһӵĳͷȵȣͨ˵һӻɶʿ˵ʮص²ָһӼ䡣
λʦȥѰ֮Ժķڶ
Чλʦȥߣģ豹档
ʮҪߵĵֻһΣ뻻һַʽߡ
ʱֱӵ˵úãҾ㡣
˵վһ
ӣˮ֪ķ׷ף䲻ȴǺøƨһ
еˣȾͻ
ǰӿ˺ӱ¶ɣȥǸ۸ڼҵܵܡ
˫۾ͬʱţԼŮ˵СˣɷˣеΪνѡεŨܵĺˡ
ﲻڵصˣмҪ
ʱҷžʱڲоҵһɷķܶǰħȪô˷ѹסɷ
һ£˵Իɷⲻ뿪ھأҪȥ˽磬Ҵ˾պһȥɡ
ԻɷӣӦЩȷʣǸ˼𣿡ΪһֲʦЩ˽ҪһЩ
һصصͷԡ
ˮ֪̾һзܱûеĻ
ʱȵȣʲô˼
˿͵ӡ
ʱⲻ̫ðɣ
˵ŲõʱЦ˶С


45 ͱ
ʲôԻɷݷӣõϢһ𾪣 ˿ˤȥ
ʱͷǵһڼڹžϵķ϶Чģֻû⣬ ȥ䡣
룬ʣǲǾһûˣҲϣ̾˿ ܻеġһ֧Բԣ 仰ܶ࣬Ǻû׼ࡣ
ʱͷ ʲôأ 㲻ȥ
ϵô Ҷܳȥϴȥһ˰£ĳЩ˺
䣬Զ廨˾պ΢Ŀһϲʱ
ȥҹǴʱʦ۵ڣһݡ
뿪һˣ Ȼ˺ܴѹȻ󣬾ڲᡣ
˾պ˿롪Ҫ ʦ
ë򵥣 ߲һž˰ɡ

ʱڱθߵ˿ϣ˸ſŵƣӴϷ̽ ˵ȥ棬 ô죿û ױǿ߷֡ȥ·;ңԶ̫ˡСһսԪӤڣɲұ֤һʧ
ʱָԼ֪ܵԶ룬ڵķ籮
ԴʣҲȥĻ˾պ߰ɣʵãȥ˷϶СʦƲ£ֻҪƲ£˾պӾͻࡣ
ѾΪˣ˭ʺãԾѡ˾ѧᣬֲ廨ó󣬻ûʲôóˡ
һúø˵Ҳ취ʲôϢ֮һӦ˵ͨɡ
ʱصɷסΪԽ߾Խ裬ʱײϣֱӰ¹߸ԡ
˾պĬĬëŵͷ
һֱѹҲ¶㻹ָָڣ㵽˽ھܱΣҶȲ뿴ʲôģˡ
ȥҲҪݶãڲڣǰݸܻһˡ
ʱǸҲøһȥķַȥɷ
˵꣬ƳԶ廨˾պ㶼˰ɣ벻˿˿Σ
˾պûһƫˣʳָϡ
ǲһˡ
ǰ˿˿εģⷺ죬𽥼ӿ졣Ȼ˾պԸӦֿ
òŵҿһ¡
ιȥֱۣöֱ£ˡ
ȻǶĬûȹ㣬ʵϣԺˣﶼƵġ
˾պǰ˵ȹá
ʱôû۾˿˿ϻʲôӣֱ
Уһӣȥ˵һ
˾պ廨ǷƵƵ廨һһ
һ˿˿Դ˸գ֪˿˿ʲôʱߵġĻ̧ͷͿݣڴ
ƺߣһ٣ķ򿴹
Ķˣֱȥ
͡
ôôɰ
ڣڴϷ˷ȻҵһƬۡ
Ѿ˾պʲôˣۣһƬۣ
ΪƬմȾϢƬ̵Сһ𣬹ó϶Ϣ
Ӧܰ˾պɡ
ǣڴҵƬһʹְˡ
۷źúγſ˾պ˯ˡ
죬˾պʱ廨ɡ
ʱĸӡ
һͽ
һ˾Ľͽܣ̵ĲóĽصСá廨
ȻͶ˾պҲûʦͽˡ
ץ˺ü˿˾պνȹӣȹ˲ɫʯͷƬԼһССĺ÷
ѵĻ÷Żᱻϳһ̫ɡ
ȹһһС
δģСһӣġ
˾պ߹ʮߡ
Ҳһ죬ڷžͼ滮ȥ·ߣ˶һһûж
Լʮ֮˾պûЦʱһӰʯСһһ졣
ҹ˯ֻĳţֱŻؼҡ
ʱת˲ţת۾͵ʮ塣
˾պ˿˿ߣ۵һţͷϵĶðĹ⣬մһѪ
鷳꣬ʶ߬ԼĿλãͷҪƿ
Ȼðһ뷨Ϊܿ˿˿Ǳˣ
һۡ
һ˲ù
ƾʲô˶ģÿ¶Ҫһμ尾
ﲼѪ˿ɷٴηӿһҪһͬĻϢħ־ʴԪ
飺ħ˼ά˲һ˵ʹǶۣѹǷӣ˼ƫǣɣҶʹ
Σ
˾պͻȻܳȥҪɱķ
ؼǣ˭Ҳ򲻹ĴǶɰס
ƫƫǸԽѹԽˣʦǿ϶̫Ը֣ǵʱ򣬻᲻˿Ūһңǧܻ᲻򷭣磬ȥء
ۼ˾պ̴ֱˣֻǿȥ֡
̣̫ˡ
첲һһҪԽͺˣʱȣȵʱ䡣
˾պʵҲȣƮ
ϴ𶴣ͻȻȣȻȼչ֮嶼˺þã˺ܾá
ͺƴյụ̀һˮͷ䡣
˾պؿϲŵСԡ
ֻһСǣһ˿ߣ˸ᡣ
Щӷ塢֪Ѫͻʱǻᾭʹ
ľҪѪҺƣƤ濴£ʹ紦ã֮ʹ顣ʹ֮£밤
˾պԸʹҲҪӵҡ
ĺһգ˾պ£ʼתʩԷԼ
ȵñʱ˾պԼֱů͡
Ļһصڴϣ˿˿ܱС㡣
֪͵ȹС㴩ϵ׺ϲƯƯ
ֻһ죬˿˿ʼնСԣȵʮ峹װֱ꣬ӻ˯˹ȥ˾պһֱ
峿תѣ˾պûߣͷһ¡
ʮѲ̫Ѿˣ
ۻûˡ
֧ԴҪʶͷִ󿪣˾պԺʦ˵
ŵǸëţ
ʱֲʧò΢ЦţëŽӹ
񻷽ں͸˹ֱӴӴɳȥ䵽˾պϡڻе˾պ¶Ӳģȥײһ졣
Σʲôʱ߰ΪС˼죬Ѿһ㵭Сۣ۰Ͱ͵ؿ˾պ˵㿴ƬطƬǲǲһΪƬ˵еˡ
˾պ
ģƬȴŵĽ⡣
һƬڲͬƬ
룬˵ȥץˣ
һݵҪ磬̫Ƭˡ
ҪȥѾ˾պġ
ŵҵĻۣȥ·;ңԶҰ͸㣬ͺһֱߣؼʱ̣ܱӴ
˾պϣͷ˲˾պ°ͣۺҪҪģ
ִͳһӰʯ뿪ٿΪû֣ŸӰʯ͵͵⼸춼С硪βͼڱǿף
Ҳж㡣˾պóһƴСĿˣԼģ˴Сĵӷϻ˸ߡ
Ҳڵʱ㣬رʮ졣
ʱǾµĿˣԼߣʱ˳ǣһԾ˿
ſϷ͵˾պͶ
ЩɱСһһٸȫʣŴ
ӽһ󴮣ײö졣
ǰոŵһʮɷױһˣӰǻ˼ӡóϴҡǮȥЦһ˵ϣһʱҡ
ʲôħѲȥһ꣬ҡҡ
β϶ҡ
˾պͷף
Σ
ܸоڳЦҡ
·ǰﶼƯ£·ʵЩ˲ҹά
˾պó·û˵ҲеƮ
Ӧúܽš
⼸··廨붼˲öٸȹ۵ȴһƬ⡣
βǲʶô
˭ãǵá
ˣδ󷽷ԴһȹӣȥͷϲЩƯʯͷǮˣ͸ȫ飡Ҫǡ߲ɺʯȸᡢʱɴƵһֺ֣صȫҰϣ
ûαĿ佱ȹöÿ
ʵϣ˾պҲ֪ʵЩݡ
Ļԥó
˵Ӧò̼ƫɣ
˵꣬ǰͷ
˾պ˿Ц˵áͷһС
ȵСҲϺתſڣŵˡ
ŵˡ
˼ǣǼ
˶һֱԸؼҵ˻
ͰѳĲõԼңǳԵ͹⻬嶼˺ôһȦֻӡ
ӣǴȥ䣬ҪҪѰ󣿡ѪѰǺֻܺѰû׼벻ջ

һ꣬¶д˿ܡ
վһŮм䣬վԽ
Ѱ󿹾ܣһˬЦȥͲȥҪȥ˽磬ѰЩ΢飬òѰ󡣡
ǰôһЦɣܸŶôܾĲԣһţҪˡ
εؿһܲȥѰӣѰʺ㣿
Ϊ˵˸ܺõЦôҶûЦ£ﳹױˡ
ʱŵȥأһ·˳硣
ŵȶ԰ɣǵ³ȥ
Լķۣߣϴ
ϴ󣬹ʱǱȭˣͣ
ۻգŽʱŻͷһۣôһֱһ𣬶Ȼֲֿġ
ΪǻĿ뿪תͷȥ弸ԼӰӶƲˡ

ǣŮˣ


46 ų
Զˣ ʱһ־ͽץݺݵشͷβ͡
ˡ
ҲŸ̾Զԡ
ͱʱͷ ķǡ
ʱȥؿһ飬 ѹʣСӵģʲôֻۣ˵лۣ δȫСҲ𣿡
δ˸ǷôܣʲôۣƭġΪմȾҵϢһ£ еûغ飬 Ӧеİɣ
ôһɵĹ ʱһ𾪵ص㣬Ƭˣ
쵽Ҷԣûٹȡ
ʱΪԼ¶ˣ۽һֱ顣еߣߣ᲻öָֻ´αˣ Һܰɾġ
ΣûС˵ⶴңţ˼˵㰮ɾ
һһ߾˿˯һ
˯ˣ Ҷʹȥ ܲĵҩ˵ĵ࣬أ Ѫﻹдбĵ𣿡
ҡͷ
Ѿоˣ ЩôֵǮĵҩ ҶԺģɹѡ̫٣Ϊ˲Ӱ飬ֻܲȥЩ
ʱ̾ϢǰôôأѪһöû
ͷҾУ磬ɵ
յ󻹺ܴǻܿ׬Ǯʱ㴹ͷɥģſֻèæ
ʱ̧ͷһ۲ԶĽ󣬡һ飡Ҫ˵еķͺˣһǧ飡

ֱԭطĵҩ
ʶؿ顣
΢΢һ
۾һҶû
ֲҩģֻ۽˺һߣûôͨͨ˵ԭûз񵤰
дôʧʿڴ˽Ϊܷ֮Ҳǿ˳ǰϽѣ˵ͳɣԷҲûе죬ֻҪҩݣܴģҪˡ
ΣǬҲû𣿡ǰ壬ʶҲܴǬ䣬ڸԶˣǵýڲſ򿪣ǡ
۰Ҫиͺˡ
飺
ǿǸ󱦿⣬ܳ״ѡϵҩֱӴ˳ɡ
д򿪺˵ɲȲյˮƽҲƳɹٵΪʶﵽԪӤڲУȱһɡ
εͷ֪֪ˡ
齻̸ʶ飬дֻӦ˵ʱڷ
ͱʱοˣ̫ѹÿ춼ÿ¶һǧƷȶĲյ۰ɡ
ǵһۣϾһ¯ٶһٶţٿš
ں󣬲߲ݵػһ¯ֻ˵̫ע⣬û쳣̫󵤶űȻ֣Žÿ½һǧ
ʱҲ취
һɵؿô취͵
ʱһ죬Ҳȥɽģúܣᱻץ
Σ-_-Ҿ֪
ۺܿÿ˸һ䷿
˾պס࣬΢խһЩҲûдǹʯͷķ䣬˾պһѡڵСӡ
ʵϰĺڰС
аȫУǵĹһ
Сȫͬˡ
ϲڰϲѤá
ӰУâɡ
˾պ̯ģڰƬССƬ⡣ǺܵĽâİ
һ˾պȡӰʯѾڵؽ磬ԴӰʯˡ
ʶעʯͷͼ˿˿ͻأشҡڣ˻˻ӣŵûУ
Ҳ뿪ڵؽ˰ɣ·ϲҪ㷢ƢǵŵĻŶ
ðҶƵӰʯÿֻʾúõӰԺÿ򿪣Ķǲһҡ
ͺһֱ㣬ÿ춼˵һ
ˣҿʼת˼Ȧ˿ϣ־һƬҶŵߣ˾պüͷôҶԵʱöɴҶϴ
ĻᣬЩΪܳԱӡ
ڶܴյ΢紵ҶյĲ߸衭
һŶƤһЩȻ˯
һ꣬Ӱʯ˿˿޵һ½ҶµĹĵ˵ۡ
ˣ뿪ң϶ûرԲԣɡͻȻյúܽһ˲䣬˾պоʯͷɳƵˡ
ĺ𣿡
ˡβͼɨʯͷӣ˾պ
ӰʯĹϨ˾պ룬ֽʶͶУͷֽظյӰҲˣһһظſֱӰʯһЩա
ӰʯǶ󷨣ҪͷʯС
һʯûˡ
ʡãܣ
ֻҹŵˣҲûУ˾պĿǣĵǾһ·ȥɡ
ⷽ棬Ѿʤ
塣
굤ڴϢ
˾պߺ˯ϲţ˳Ŵܰǰĵ涼ҡǮյԸѤãͬǺӱװķһ
һͽԺӣֱߣһ˫۾⡣
δ֧кʱֱգڻֱӴͷߣβͼ
˷ܵصˣǰ˾պýҶ㣬ˡ
㲻֪жĽʱ
˾պֻʱ㡣
Сһɷ̫Ũ˵ʵҶе
Σԭһֱӡ
뵽ܰ׬ʯ˻˻ֵ֧
һҸ߶߶ǰͦϲߵģܶ߿ž죬ôôɰأ
ΣֲߣҲûôأ
˵ԸϹ£˻ʲôǲ˵СԲѽ
ҲûһֻһֻǵСԣеǲȱ߽޵ıԴȥڴˣԿõıʱѰ
ȻҪǮģ˵
ҡͷҲҪ
ʱ˾պʯǺܺ׬ġ
˵ְӴһСһ˲ð۰ųˣ˭ϲ㡣
αƮƮȻͦء
ԴһӲһ硣
ЦҸʯ
óһľϻӣ򿪺һСսľͷ
ϳľͷ׻ľǬкܴһ飬Ȼò
˵С粻һ㣬ŵصջ٣ӦϽϽ½Ϩ𣬵ϡ󡢻ľȣ׽ٻйͩľ̫Сû̫ô͸㣬ȥιɡ
Ͻ̫ǰ˵˶õĽֶϨʱõ˲ˮһ꣬ûס
Ŷ֪ŶһܽϽӣֻȪÿǧŻһΣҲ֪һڣѾûнˡ
ԹϱϨ˶ԪҲһӰ죬ܶһһɡνһС׻ľ˿ԲεǳƬ
û뵽ǳƬüͷһⶫĶģ
Σ˻˻˻˵Ҳ
Ʋ²ϴôһ׹ʯͷҶʲôʡ
Ŷô˵ҶѾȥ˰µ£õ˽ָҲЩǳƬһ͸СʦƲ¡
ǿ˵ϵ¶һ޶Ķ
һԼСأʵǳƬˡ
ʱõЩĶòԭﱻ˵ĶڻҲȾָ
ͼǿССƬԼüĴÿ𣿡
̵ͷ
޴󷽣üĵôһ󣬸ѤöĿֳ˱ɴϣ˱λãüɨ֣ܰ˹ͷˡ
Ʋ½ᵤɹˡһͻƽڵıֲֲ϶һɫƣüλãűǰ࣡
˰ֱ˵ڶһӣҲںЩӰ¹⣬ҵסҵĵһ
ȥתȦҪҪң˻ﱧС꣬Եýοɰʺߣߡ
ڼϣһɡ
Ǵڲ̫׵ͻ룺ҪȾɫ
ΣҾܾ
ȻĻҲˣһӽɳۣҪƬˢϽɫлʵԳԲյǱɫʱ̫̣㡣
ʦʱֵüʱǳ۸˿˿
ʱҡ˵ʱͼʱһ̧һ
ʶסˣ󣿡
ȥҲһ
Ѱ΢ؿ顣
ʱڰ׳԰׺ȣôˣҲȥӣˣֱסˮ֪Ǳߡ
ˮ֪Ƕɶû͵Զû͵
ҾԼãԸȥ
˰ɣʲ
ʱȴҾķͦ˼ġ

ְ̬Ѱ󡭡
ϣ˵ϰ˻˳۵ġεͷÿ
ʱˣ˿˿˵ÿϽ߰ɣתȦҺ˿˿˯

ȳ˴ţԼϳķһɡ
Ҫ

ߺʱɻ˿ϴ˯
С߱ڻһ̫ص˺öࡣ
δŲһȥֱʱڻˣҲء
Σ
ûȫ˵ˡ
èǽ顣
̽ſʱ顣
ҶѾõ˽ָӦøָڵֽʶͻͽ˰ɡ
˾պΪŴлý뽣ڣʸ˾պܲڽڣǰƺҲû೤ʱˣ
βʱСײأ
ʱûصʲôԺҲУҸ˵ض󡣡
λһ£ͬصͷ
ƫˣæʣ˾պȥ˷˽磬üȥڣ
ΪӣܲܿţμʲӴֱӽȥ
ʱɷĻȥڣʲô򽣱ô
ĬĬ룺ڽڣԱӡ
ʱ϶ˣ˵ˣ㿴ˮһ֦ҲΪұޣҪ
ΰԴǡøʱؿڣúԸŲ˵Ҫһ齣ƿܵĲʵѾˣƬѾǬͳľҶѾȫȾ˾պѪھȱһѺʵĽ
ͱʱͷˣ𡣡
һèһ̾
ʱֵ˾պ񣬸ҵأһߵؿ˿˿Թǰűˣһ׼öԷ
û˿˿ǲӲ磬һػش𣺡ǸĻ񡣡
ʱģСԷ˸ۣ
ɶʱݵؽСֱӣͶϣظ˵˯ˡ
αʹͿǳʯ³˵㣬㡣
ʱҲŲҪ
ۿСŤͷ꣬ˣ˵Ҫǲһģ
öֻҡͷ˵ûС
ʱǵٸҡ
˵꣬˿һɣִ˯ˡ
һֱ˵ѪӰСεôãһ߰޵ˣ˽֪ˣСӡϲĥצӡץëš˿լװһԽӽӣ˵׾
ɲè


47 Զ֮
صݺ ҡǮûҡ
ȡźã˵ȪϴβͣŲű۾һ
һϣ 鶼̲ס룺Ҫҡͺˡ
ֻǣǬǰҲҪϴβأ û
ûȵ꣬һ졣
ס
ۣ ʲôˣΪСʯͷȿϵĶ οĵ
飡飬 ҾȻҡһ顣
ֱų֮ˣ Ȼҡ飬ءӸп˺ð춼ûʲôһʣôˣ
һдеͷΡոҡ飬ĳ飬ɺϣбԭ
һɺϰɡ
Ϣһ¾ͺˡ
д꣬ ѧεɵϣ˯úֱܱɵúܰꡣ
Σ
û£ ͳڽС
Ϻܶ˶۽ڵƲ£ еޣٲȻǽϵ¾޽еţƽ𵤣 ȹ̺ ԽֵɽгδеӵĿˡ
ڣ ҲûԶȻôһ룬еһӶ粻ȥ
ѾʮߣڽᵤأȻû˽ֵɽʸ
һԱȣܶĽǿ֮˾˰һλòðھƲûͶĽͶƲ£Ͷ˵ģҲĻ
˰ϵλá
ǣƲѾ˵ڶ֮Ĳ໹С
οﻹһ£Ҷ۶ûͻƽ𵤣СʦƲѾͻˡ
ðдֲʦ׵ķʽʿͬǵоֲķֲأÿֲˮֲֲͻƣҲˣǰھ˿öࡣ
ǺҲ󡣺ܶͻƽ𵤣˺ǧ꣬һԼԪӤֲĳʱԪӤֲɹͻԪӤڣǵʱĿľţ硣ȥԪӤڡ
ڵֲͻôʡ
ԣһôСһӿʼ
β⣬ͻԪӤֲأͲ𣿡
ȻǣֲʱֲԭֲΪߵġ
ͱƲ£ڵıֲֲڣΪڣһƣʧȥֲŲȵߣƲԺͻרߣֻҪһͻƵԪӤܽԪӤ
ȻʱҲչֲںϼ޽ӵȵȣĻֲܹĻԽ󡣡
ԽϡеıֲԽ󣡡
εͷݵˮϻԣҵǿ飡
Ȼ˾պָ顣
ʼղԭһ
˵Ҳ뵱ֲʦڵֲҲ͸ŷˣ̫˰ɡ
飺컹ûأˣֲʦֵءʩʡ絽Щݣܵˣ˯ʱ򣬲ݾͱˡ
Σ
С
˵꣬˳ڣԺһѲݺλشϡ
ʱ
ĺӣɵˣݶԡ
³ţȥ˳ֻӣ
ΣϽֲʦĹдҪѧ
ˢˢдΣ
ΣŶѧˣˣÿֻһ죬ǾʹôѧԺ˵ɡ
ڣû¡
Ͷһ仨Ͷˣβע⵽ԼһˮأĻǴĽĵһۿȥϲúܣӲӵһƬɳ
ƲµĻذ׵һ䣬νвֻô׻һĪеˡ
á
ĻǸƲͶģǱ٣ٿŸոͶһ𻨾ͺۡ
һǰͶˣҲͶһ䡣
ٴηڣв˱ʾѵòʺҪʿѰǳȻɫǣͣǰҲɫ˥ǿ߲ܲࡣ
ǰ˷ǳ
ٿţǻǳϰòƯ˰Ȼѡ˵ģҪѡʣԼŸʰ񰡣콾Ҳ
дӣյۿɺã
ȻӦǰӿ϶Ҫ䲻ںȴҲмҶҵĺ񰮣ղյ۳ۣƷ۳ۣȵȵá
ɴͶһʵҪ
ʻۿɼٶ࣬ԭСĲٴ
μһסˣ˳ֽ˼⣬ٴδӾϰѪɳĮ֮С
ÿνɳһ뿪ʱλã˵ھ뾵Ѿɡ
ʶԽɳǺۣǰŲͷ󺹣Ҫ˳ͻȻǰһţһԽͷȻ˽ʶһ֧ʣ
ˣ
̧ͷһֱס
ԣ
ϴھʱ룬צǱ֡
ǲȻɳϱˣѹܰҡ
ΣԶԶԣǰܴҴɳҸո͵˵ԼĻý˲߳ȥ޷ʶֻܳܺʵԼս˵ص˶Լ
ȵԪӤڣͨУŻԪܴ
ʣѪɳĮ
ֱβŵɳ˼û뵽Ҿ
ϸһ£ϴߵҲƣֻΪû֣·ֻѡôߵġ
뵽ܷɵʱ·ƣҲеѿһʱֲ嵽ָ
ΣΣеëëɡװԣ±˷һֱУҲϰˡ
û뵽ԷҲ·ֻڣڴ˵زܷɣʶɱʣɳߵأ
ε߸
žһǰһűʼŵ֧תκɳϺ˲ˣ߲ˡ
Ц붼Ŷ¡
룬צһŵıץ˵СԵȥ
̲ס죺Ǵ
ҲǡڷӦЦצӣ˵ǽʲôСӣСͺӣ
Ϊʼŵູ̫֮࣬ŵȷͦͺģֹҽٿš
Ųס˵ˣҽǧɢ
룬ǾԼָǮֻҳ졣
ͷ˵ʤһ
ҵԪ֮շУֻǲ֪ΪѪɳĮɡǰΣѹ˵ʮɣʱȥʿۼ添С
ѡ³ɣʮֺĪѪɳĮҲʲôر
˵꣬Сֵˣһֱ
ǾͿùҵĺɫͫһת£ɳתһת
ҡͷһ뿪ѵ˴ȳȥΪҹζࡣ
ź̾˿Ǻðɡ
ǰͼǰɳ죬γһ½ǽ
צһץСӶɳ
ֱԣѾˣˣ˻ȥȻ߶˶ٴΣͣԭأǰֻҪһ뿪ɳ
ˣȻɳҲе϶
£ɳ˴αΪúܲңûɳ£̫쳣ֻǰģ壬۾һ಻ɳӡ
ˡθоԼһֻּӻﶶ˼¡
ˣǰиͷŶƳȳȵӣӦɳ۵ԵʣĿСˡ
Σǰˣʶǿ˿ԼΣ˲֡
ǧɢļз죬η㡣
Զ֮ΪСһʶֵַһ
Զ֮Ҳ˵ϣؿܡ
ʵϣž顣
Σô°ôͻȻʲôз죿
飺󷨷ģһתʱ󷨼ż໥Ķ˵ԭڣһɲǣȻһطһ󷨲Ը͵϶֮У󷨵תпܴ͵κһطԪӤʿܽ򣡡
Ļѷ䣬֧ϣǲõİȫ⡣
飺ֻѷ죬пܻ´
ǡʱԶ֮Ȼʣʲôطǵڣɰȫ
߱Ͳ̫ǰֿͷΣκصͷشڴϡҪǺܳʱزȥǲ嶼ʶһ䣺űء
Զ֮ǲȫ¡
䣬ͷһ𣺡ǧɢٿʱ϶Ὣ޸ߣʮϢȫ롣
Զ֮ˣʱΧɽնķ磬أ
룺ڰ尡Χгڵʦأҡ
͵طӦ޹ġ
Щ˶Ϊٿʱ

塣
ʱ˿˯ͻȻо粨۾ŹǷˮ֪ʲôأ
ôһԲϵش磿
浱ûƢء
ҴҸˮ֪üͷһšٿŲ㣿
ʱѣ۾ˢһ±ɲ˵б󷽷䡪˿˿ֶҵݸʲô£
ˮ֪ĶҲ֪˿˿ݣ˵˲̫ʱŵˡ
ˮ֪ķɿص˿˿϶
ͬ˵ܱ¶ݣ
һֻڣֻֻʱʱͻᱩ¶ﻹһֻԣٿֻʱ˵ڵʱװԪϣս
ˮ֪һࣺȥɺã㻤
ʱҲ֪ԣֱһ˲ƽӣڴϵСߣĺ޲ýһ٣Ȼʱʲô
Сһʱ˾պ£ɿ˦һ̽硣
Ϊôֻȴûκΰ취ֻڰ㡣
Ϊ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊ㹻ǿ
ҪҲÿûǱ¡
˵ɱĴ̫Ǵֻһֻһֻۡ
һĳЩ֪ʱԪ޷ع飬ȫʧȥսôǾԲĻᡣ
ʱһ߬ȭͷ
ȥʲôʶй¶ֺΪڵʱԪڣԭصģֻһǡ



48 ߱
ˮ֪վʱķ⡣
һĳӣҴҹ ڿſŵˮ֪ĺ̵ȥһ˫ҶһദôãӣٿŵҲв²⣬һֱûʡ
񿴵ˮ֪ţ ǵõ֤ʵ
Σó
ӣߣ ˮ֪˿
ԭֻεֻʱһ 񣬵ĽӣԼˡ
ӣ봳ţ ͻν
ã ӣѡš
δߵſڣ ӣˡ
أתλÿʼɸǽԼϸҶ罣׼ˡ
ӣÿ

ɽĴУ ʯûżţŲסǿߵļι
ҲµĹ򣬻ɽ󱻻 ڣ ͷλʱվλߣǽرչصһλϣΪгϺڡ
ˮ֪ԶԶˣ üͷס
ʱһ۾Ϳǰֲϣ  ˿һѺ
ӣ۷ĪҪкͬţ
ʱѿս¾߾ǳأλͷʳ⣬ȡ׼Ѫ𲻹졣ѪѣȴԸΪã˭֪ѪĪ⣬ΪѪʹ˭֪ڲʲô캦֮£
ϾǸ֮ŮҲȡֻΪ֮Ѻؼɣ
˵꣬ʱŭһӣÿ
һʱѾ֣𺣣˳ӣֲ۵ĳǽ
ľ
ӣֻԪӤڣס
ʦҲ˹Ȼ˻û㱻˻ȥӣǳ
ٶһ
һһ̣û׼һ̣ʱͳء
϶ʱ䲢̶ϢĶУʮУֻϣʱܿЩڣǳڳϣҲ塣
˫ɶܣǵ˲ٹ
ʱλǰһÿɣĪҪʱ䡣
ٲ죬ƽȻ˲䣬ӣĶǽεֱ˺ѿҲ·˾֮УӶƱ˵øĵ÷顣
ڻ֮ʣһ⽫𣬳ӣ·ˮ֮ץסһظľſǸ÷֦ϣѵؿˮ֪ģҾˡ
ˮ֪ģţˡ
鲻ãҲҪǾһˡ
ˣûһġ
˵һ֮ʱϷһɫˮ֪÷֦һҡǽɲǻ޴÷֦Ǵ͸ɫӲŵΡ
һˣϴûг׽٣ҶΪˮ֪Ķɽʧܣû뵽ܵס
ԭֻóʵ״ٴתжһϺȻơ
һ£÷֦ҷɣꡣ
ʱΪ÷޷֧֮ʣЩ׷ɵĲл⣬γһܹ˵Ľ
Ϊܲ۱һӡ
Ҫ֪ϣϵ·ҲǷ£÷׻ƣ⽣⣬С
ϣĻˮ֪һضȥ
³гתǵĺ÷Ϥ飬ͬʱǣгͻأһǰ
˺ϱΧסȣ÷С΢
֦飬ܿ죬͵ɡ
ɣǽ
ѹ䣬಻Ϸ
ˮ֪Ĳոͻƣ·磬ľֵϵˣΪȡʱ䲢վԭز
ԽԽĹ䵽ˮ֪ϡ
ȾѪˣ𽥳أÿһǿгǣ˿ڡ
Ϊػɽ壬սһˡ
ϲ֪ʱ꣬ī
û󷨽ڵˮδʪɽҲڵصĲ÷Եø

ɳ֪ͨ
ļ٣ȴʼղ֪ڡ
Ҳȴֻд飬ڴƬǿİ񷨱ȥ޸ض⣬ʱҶᱩ¶
룬дԶ֮ǰ˵³ɣҿһԭ֮ǰȷˡ
Ƭص֮ӡ
ʾѡ죬ĵرͷϵܻôӴĲƸһռɹͣ
вľ̫ǿΪʼղ࣬͵ֽѪ
ˣֶǿҪ뿪ǰȥ
Զ֮ļһ
ӣѹû뿪˼
Զ֮鲻ϯضһơ
еľƣԪЧ
϶ڴ󣬿Կܶ£ڣǰһڵؾԪӤʿؾ֮Уɱͷֻޡ
ϧδǳ֣ǰĻͱˣתһڵɽڣͷһŮڶȣȻײԶ֮Ƥһͷһھơ
ûĻոǶŮǵŵλԪӤʿŮĵޣǵߵһλߣĵ޵ĵޡ
ŮԼĵ£ҲǸޣмֽ飬˵ڱչ
Զ֮룬ȥ͸λһöɫĲյҲ֪ܷ⡣
̧ͷʱ羰ֱˣһƬտǹҫ
ڻ
Զ֮սϸ֪Ƭںδ뿪˵أҪȥѰһȻںгΣض
ĳ֮ʱԶ֮оԼֱ۱ͷס
ͼǰվһӴϸССͨڣһ˫Ǻдտ΢΢죬СצӶڶһͰ޴ĸо
Сӣ
Զ֮˵ָƣˣȷǰϢЩãһͷ
̣
ϲδоʲô
ôһ룬ϸȥܣԼܸоһӵζԶ֮ʶǾԲϢ
Σǰ뿪гңϽصҿܻģ
һ˵һ߰રવصᣬҲ
Զ֮ҡͷ϶֮УʲôˣʱȥҲ֪
СһӲϣƬƤӴһ˲䣬Զ֮о˲սۣСĸо
һۼɳСëʵ;УĻҲŲԼϳСһǸ˵ﲻæ
Σ˵³ѽ
Զ֮˳ǣ˵ԡ
뿪˵ɵȵ·ʱԶ֮Լɵˡ
˵ƽʱȷ죬ɽһжΪҲһ 
ǰʵᷳ˵ˡ
ˣҲһõĲ߼ֻۡڣңڡ
Ըóһһ߽ġ
ɿСίίڽ䣬રવӣԶ̲֮סһԼ˵
ҵʱͲҵ֣϶ͬˣ˴˿ʶӴ˵ʶһͬ򣬴֮ˣԵӴ͡
ոĶôҲһӵɡ
ʶഥһ˲սԶ֮ǵã֪ãСһͷˣ
Զ֮ίһίء
ͷҿ˳۵˿ˡ
תһģĻڵʶΣļȫģӱġ
ȷˣ
˼ˣԶ֮ҪȥҲ
Ҳʱǰɫٱ䣬ɳ졣ϲػͷԳȥˡ
յһƬĻ
ʶ壬һͷʹʱҧгݵҶ𶯣ٸˣ
ţһɫдзɳֱӲסľ޴ʯ
ʱĻ֮У϶ô壬ҽãҪҳȫǣĶ˲ֱɽ˪ϣΧϸ궼˱
ˮҲǧ׶ˡ
ң

ҪջȻסקק֮£ֵĳ棬ͼڻѩ⡣
û뵽ֱӱ˪סţһʹͼ˸ѪƱʧȥ֪
ֻ
ڳˣ֡ţһ֫屻˪ǡ
ڵĳ϶޷ֵʱĽ֮Щ˲žֵغʱᣡ
Ȼ˿˵ʲôˡ
ͼʱһ˿֮Уһۣ촽΢š
ʱëȻ˵꣬Щʱɱĵ˺ޣѪУֻʣ˪ѩԼĴ
ʱֽѾȫסĿѣ˻һ
ڷԼ޷Ƴĺ֮Ǵ󣺡ʱ磡
˿ʱ΢Ц˵ƣ
ˣʱɲǣϵնȥƣмҲͬѡ񣬶ʣ¼ûӦģʱʱǱ˪ǵ岿ֱըһһı
Уʱ
ұѣһر
Զ֫壬ҩɻָأǰȫһ
Ȼʱ˪٣鵤պҲܽʴ޷׸Σ˵ˡ
ʱһľû֣պý
ʱԽԽ
Ժ̵ִá˶ˣڱչسɽپĽҪͷһɳԺΪ
ԺڵĴͬڱչأδչصĽˣϤ
֣ϳް
á
δ䣬ִǰһеˣȥ̵һˣʲôվڼľǰ˵
Ժ˵ʱ˾ٲף˵Щϲá
ʱѾ˻Ѫˮ֪ģͣûһʱͽܷŵĳӣݸһƷش
˳ֽҩˮ֪Ŀкʱһתͷ㿴ӣϢȣţ̨֮ס
ʦ
ֻӣأɫ԰ֽ
ΡΡ֣¶ѾѵߣЦŵһѣԪӤڣҲǳŲסˡ£ǿŵһٿɢȥӣϢί٣ۿɼ˥ϣͷ˿ѩ
ΪֱӴԪӤ񣬶ʿԪİ꣬Ҳ˵ӣΪָܻѵͷ
ԼܰЩҩϽһش
еĵҩˮ֪ģ˿̵ĳӣÿͽ֧Ųȡ
ʱۿˣתͷЩˣԻ˿вڱ˿ٴαӲؼ䣬ѩ׷ɣ
ѹͷţôҪõ淸£ǿ߲ſ̵ִΪǳڴԲķһߣǺӹأ˿̳ӼǰӹسǽǰΡɭϡ
Ǵ壬ˣͲҷʱ߶Х˭ңɱ˭
أ
һ˳ǰƽص
ʱһ٣⣬üÿҽ͸߱


49 ѡ˭
ʱһۣ ֺɫ멡ݣü۵ĿûʲôɣϢı ΪҲһԣէһǸеķˡ
վԭز ƿǰźĽ档
һλϵʱ磬̵ĺŮִõΥ ֮һҲδƫ̻һã ֱӶ֣ ֱ޷죡
ǰ Ѫѳ
Щ˵Ļʱ΢΢ףϽѵǡ
ʱʶʱǳɫÿһЩ⼸λصӾȥҽΣ ʱΪ粻ݣð֮踣 ֪жȻкͬţ ˵ȶԱϳͣ
һۣзִ磬̵£๡
ԾҲס аéʯͷ ֳӲ
Զ Ƕˡ
ʮ˴Ӻڰʱг󷨡
ЩΪҲͳϣ󶼻ԪӤһš˵Ϣһγһڵ˼Ӵѹ
ִõȣ㳲ĻǶɽٳڵǿߣǶܰ
ʱɫ΢ûƾʲôҪȥ̵
һȥˣҪ˶ȥˮ֪ĻһŻشֹѪӣΪԪ²ʣ¼꣬ȥ̵ǵɭ֮أ
Щ˵Ŀģץֵַڰ壬ԲϷŹ
ˡ
ʱҪڣͼüӲ̸֮ձжȥ֮λ̵һִܷõ˫ְ֣ɡ
˲䰲һȿ䡣
˭û뵽ʱͻȻľ
˭֪ǮȻ֪ͬǸλãֻʱһ
Ϊиõ¡
ʱ̵ӲˣܿܣչسŶ̳
ҪԣԣҪʯʯӺζ
ִõȣܹôǿһǿؼǿеƷƷʯĶͷɳ
һõӽ̵գڶӰ졣
ԣ˭ӦʱĻ
ʱƢǺĪŮϵѾˣ
ʱüͷøߴٵ֣
´һֽгҸһӣ˫µΪֹвִҡ
˵ճȵ
£ڵԭʧ˦ȥ˼Ҳãֻܻ뿪
ʱŹȺˣȻʱʼǰ
ʱ䶢ǰˣЩҪҵ
ʱ磺֪
ûӭǽͷ΢΢࿪˵һᱣ㲻
ʱΪŭҪȴ޼䷢˿ѩһЩĿڣԷĬƬ̲ʣʲô֮
èʱļ䶼ܼǵ
һμۺܰ
һʱ⣬꣬С
ԣһֱףΪʱ
ʱ絭ޡ
ת²ҪֺΪ֮֮󣬻뿪
ţһŮӳɡ磬ΪûҶдǳֹˡ
˹һɡнԶʱ˸ۣӣĵصһϾܽ£ҪɡԱû¸ɣ˭أĲģ
̯ӡ
ЩϼһﾪӦˡ
ʱҧҧָ׶
ֲ
߹⣬ʱϰ磬ŽŵؿӣڻжԪֵˮ֪ģϽϵǱ·ûõԪûǮ˵С
ӣȣˮ֪ϵ˶ʲô΢Żش𣺡ʹˣԪ̫ʱûУȥֳˣһͻϢ

䲻Ҷʶȴͨ˽⵽緢ʲô
֪˶Ժӱȥȴֲҡ
ôĻˮˡѣΪԪʣ޼
һжΪ
ʲôʲӵڣȥѪɳĮͲǳ⵵ˡ
Ԫμææ飺ҪԪ
ҡͷд֡
ҩͬԪĵ֪
һλʿΪʼİ󵤣֪һƷԪҪ飬ʣƷԪӰΪ˰󣡡
ʱλֱ˦ԪϰҩģΪиֲ߽ҲͰˣζҩģ׼۾һ顣
ֱ͹
ָǺĺճνҲ飬ڵ˵ֻһ֮޳ڵᡣǳԪĿǰδбôⶫ󣬱Ͼʵ̫ϡ
΢ЩҲޡ
ֲֻܴڱޣ뿪޾ͻ䣬Ҳ֪Ǹʲôԭ֮ҪԪʦô޲УǵضԳɲˡ
һԭǣԪֵҩѰ˵ҲӰ꣬һǧԪڴ޽ĸ߽ʿ˵ͬ˵˵Ʒ׼ߣҪƣֵõȵԪӤںſɽС
д꣬રવµ룬⡣
ǳģܲһֱź
εӣǰλûüβѾסת˼Ȧ
һ̣ʱ˻űһָסԴá
λŵúܣʱǻγͷң
һҧ˵ֻҪƤһҶϣ
һţԺܴǬ䣬úõزˣôֲҷĴ
˵죬ͷҲҳһšӲܶøףʱ˵ˣĶȫʪˡ
ӣЦŵƸеСԣԪӤڼ꣬һ߱Щƣ΢ˣᱻ顣
ʵǰЩӿˮ͹ƵҲиֻһֱδ¶ģȣʵѶһЩ
Լָ϶á
񣬵ǲüΪˡ
գѰµֲ˵δһ
Ҳд˽Ĵ֣Ҳ̫ԭ֮УӣҲ飬Ϊڡ
ûε£ɻ·
Ҳδ˵ѿοǣӣ˵滰һߣѾ𣬳綼١
ԭӣҲֻǼᵽ
ƲҲֲʦٳӤֲʦѣΪʱǣҶοΪһһ̤̤ʵʵ߹ģӣȣ
̶̼䣬˶ѡ
ΪλᱻĻοû뵽Դһβģ
ʱȥʲô£˵
ȡЩԸȥҩ
׬ʯоûȺֵûˡ
ʱ̾Ȼӣɿ˰Դָ
ʱôһ˵ӡ
Σޣ˵˵ԣ
ʱŶ㻹е˵ԸŶ˭߯ôûǵ۸ʱ򲻳ʱðˣûС
ת뵽ƽʱæ׬ʯٵڣ޷һʱ֪ϢҲҲͷô
̾ȥǴСԴ϶ֲĴʲô
ΣҲȥͲ⵵¶
ʱʲôأǡϣǡңұԣ϶Ҳκ⣬ԣùҿ
̾һһͬؿǰС֮ҿ㻹ءҡҡôã͵һ飬ȻܳѪɳĮҲͰˣ϶㶼ܾȥĵù
һеˡʱЦŵպˣɡ
飺ȥҪ׬Ǯ
ȻѾƽȥˡ
ͼΰͦصصãһúֻҪ
ʱЦۣãкʵĻᣬӣЩҪĲҩҲһɣʹһˡ
ο϶ôӦ
Ӧ³ɾͲ쳤ХҪˣ
ʱ뿪ֻ˵ʱҲһˡ
ϣˮͳĽֲԭ鶼ûȷед
ʱ㲻ͬ˾֮Сˣʱֻһ
ͷ𣬾⵽ǿҷԡ
дֲǴһ١ٶıƭ
ҪԣֻдȥĶһèǣȫ룬ľҶأɹƬмٵĸʳľ֮أͨǷأڷľͷָǸľϽƬҶһƬԼˣһƬ˾պ㣬Ҫʱ˾պֻܾһѡ˭
˽ս
۾ֱˮˡ
κ̧ͷͰ͵˵ǣǾ͡ʱ㣿
˾պ
һ£дˣƬҶѱ˾պѪȾˡ
˾պֻ֪µħɨǧ


50 
˽硣
˾պޱ飬 ͷ졣
ͷ죬֦Ϲ˿Ӱʯ Ρ
ճʱ˾պ㽫һͶӰʯУ ˿˿ʯͷﴫ ǵʮ죬˾պ ԭת˸Ȧ Ҳֻת˸Ȧ תȦַɿգ۾˵
ӰʯĹϨ˵Ļ˵ꡣ
Щʱ˵䣬С˿ϱȥ ֮ЩӶġ
һֱſʯͷ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣʮ Ե÷ܶˡ
 ʮȥֻʣһ䣬ֻӰʯ¶˸
ͻжǰĳȫͬʱ Ȼ͵͵ӡǰһģ ͵
ʯϨʱ ˾պɷŨһЩԱŵӥצһ͵͵ŲһΡʵݵòˣǡ
Ϊһɶµ£Ϊϴ߲嵶ʱ͸߲嵶úϴ󹲸Ȫʱ򣬾Ͳһ棡
ǵģðΪȪҲǸźˡ
һʼʱǲԸģ˵ϴˣǸζء
ôһ룬ӥצԼ˶ˣҲٿӡ
ϴôЧرԣɷж٣
׵ã
ʲôʱܵͷ
ûһŴʦͻˡ
һۿڵ˾պߣûطˡ
һӿɽ⡣
ӥצ̷ɳӣٻư֮
ͷС⵹ǲ󣬵ȿ˾պҲӿԾʱŰٺˣŪɾٹ
˾պɸɾĳʱвɫûҳһ¡
˼··һũԺʱ˾պͻȻͣ½ŲԺֻè
СèڲҽУ״̬Щ֡
ðȥѯʣκΰҲЩ}ˣһƵĹ
ﶼ˾պ˵һƵ«һ
Ȼ˾պͿæҲûǣȥԺĸ˺Сļ䣬üͭǮһݡ
ݵݸ˾պǸ˵èɣèϲĲݣžͻ񫣬èҲûΣ
èޡ
ȻҲ֪Ͼèߵݡ
˾պèɣ᲻ԱɣҽһԱ
ûˮа룺ҪҪȥεôСһأˣϴˡ
ɵСĺǻɷŨҪɷйݿɾͿˡ
˾պʱһصһģ
ø˿˿Աʲ
ңңķ򣬡Ҳ֪㣬˿ʲô
δ˸磬һ˭ң
ʱڴϣޱصԶ֮㡣
ͻȻֵʱŵԭص˺ԸоһĶ㣬㡭ôһڴѽ
ʱһΣǧһԼ䣬غൽУžž£ש˺üȦ
ʱˡ
ˣְСԱĹĵʣʵôԶ֪֮Զ֮˭ʱǧɢ
εɳһ𱻾϶ˡ
ڷװ׵ؽ˳ʱ̾ܿʹٿʿȻ󡭡
ͷ֪ٿĲ٣Ǿҵͷϡ
ңǷȥؿûǼֻһֻǵС˫ǣôֻһһʱȫûǰСһǻʵ
ΣҾ˵ֺ֮ǰ˸С취ǸϽ뿪
ʱһ壬һ˫۾ɲ˵ԣҵݸһȣ
θоɱ
ɱûȣ
ʱüŶ
ΣҾ̿޳˱ݡ
ۿʱָ׶ĥˣνĻ˻ȥҾ
ʱԶ֮ԼҼ棬˵ֻҪҴӦңտɵִڡۣǿۣ
ۿ֮дһֵۣ飬飡Ȼңʱ۾ﾫֱðҿټϵװΣܸ齣ˣ
һ̣־ɥҾܾˣǰȥŲ뿪
ҲԶСϧȻܼⱱҵһˡ
ʱһϯζеѪڣת룬ЩǮ󶼻Ҷۣǽ۰
һèһĵģԶ
ţӦ˸֮
ʱüͷͫһߣתͷεú
̴ӦʱȥһߴͶһ飺Ǳ߳ʲôˣ
ոշǳĸۡܵӦͽܡ
дȥѡ
ͽܣǴӡ
˵ͽܶǴʱʼ̵Ƕ˽£Ϊͻƽڡ䲻ܸҶۡƲЩ˱ȣҲˡ
Ǵӣ¸ϸһЩѰ󶼸ϲƽʱҴ򽻵ҲСͽҪö࣬˵
Ϊ䲻һգҪȥ˵оʵ˲ܡ
ðβ͵˦꣬һȥҪȥ˽Сˣޣ
ԭֵĴȳ࣬ȥɽƲ˼ζģûʲô³Ͷˡ
дĻεͷжĥ
ʱ⴫ʱ䵭ôˣ
Ҫʦţһн軹ЩõԴҾͲҪ㲹ˣͷΪɡģ⣿뿪ɽ͸ɾ˿ڴأʲôѲɻôҡڵ߳ȥ
㵱Ұʲôط߾ߣ
ʱ˵úá
ζβʱȦ
ֻһдƲ£ʱҶۻƲ³ͷҪΣˣ
Σ
Ѳֵȥ
Ҳ
ˣʱôң
šŲ˵ȥΣվΣգ˵꣬ƬƱ׵Уǿҵļ¸жȻ֡
鼱ϻ𣬱ʼȼʱһ𣺡ʱ߰ɡ
ӣ׷Ƥ񷲼ʮ˸·̫ŲǰС
ʱɫѿӣ㻹
ӣ΢Цܹ֡Ȼһ£ʱôߣҲꡣ
ʱСû˼֡
ӣһ£˵ʱ㡭
һ㣬ǽʱĳһҲ
ʱĻٶ˵һ䣬Ҿ˯
ӣ룬˵Ǳϵʯ˱ֲĶɡ
ԭǲϵģıϵΪֻܽϵʯͳͳ͵øɸɾŵ߳塣
룺Ϳ˿ڴȥܹ鲻ԭǰ˳˰ɡ
˵鲢һɲġʱһͷ۾ٿرʱ㣬һѪèѽ
תͷ˿飬ѡ˱տڲᡣ
ʱĵطǶѶһ߿һƲ죬˲٣鶼߿š
ӣЩ⣬Ȼô࣡
ƽʱֲʱ˲ʯ
ʱбһ۳ӣĴȥ˽ûк³
ӣ΢ЦһôЦԵͦȰʱݻ˵ˡ
ʱĵǶ˸̣
ͷصȥȥϢһ취
߶ԪԪ˵۾һΣ´ڼԶ֮ûϡֲ϶УʱˣʵûУԪҲСԪ̫ˣǿܡ޲𡣡
Σ
Ҿԡ
δϳӣȴ˵ѾʹֳûԪˡûУûСУҲҪġ
Цһ£Ҵȥתתܲǵݡ
нΪңʱɷġǰǺǶԽơ
뵽нΪʱҲû˵ʲôǳȥעⰲȫʱҷѶƽ
¶ôһ磬ӣ뿪˰塣
һֻʣ˻˵ˮ֪ġ
ʱȥɧˮ֪ˣշݶĵֲʶ
ҵʵֲ𣿡
ûдĶϡֲƲֲʦƲµĻԵ϶ֲصġ
Ȱ˵ͣд֪Ҳҵõԭĸûӣͽ뿪ںҲûҲûںг֡
ƲµĻԵأҾǸ㣬㻹߲ɣ
Сڣǰؼػɲɣ
β̫ģڴǰ̾
벻ʲô취Ȱһ߷ȵǱû̾Ϣʱ֪ڽ˯ˡ
ʿ󶼲˯Щ̿ĳ¶ڴСȴͬ˵˯Уˣͺú˯һɡ
˯úܳûע⵽ʶСٴѣƮͷϡ
СջٹĿɽȻ׾ٵյ䣬ȻʱСػ˻ΣŬסûƻκζֻ׼ε䣬ȥһС׻ľ˳
ðɾƵģûڴա
׻ľܵߣոɾһСңһҾͱɢһۼʣ
ԱΧۣɶʬ𼣣
뵽ǿľͷθС׼ģҲνˡ
ľͷûֱӷʶʲôʱͼȻķƮ˹
ܾûƿˡ
ôأ
Σ˭Ҳ
۳Żֱͦͦײ鶼ÿֻҪԳʵ壬鶼
ޡ
һأԣо˻¶ȣС磬Ȼȵͣˢϡ
ͷŻʲôŵײŷ֣
ǵǳ𼴱΢Ҳܴܲʶֱ֣Ӵ㿴õң
СûشֻǴӻһ󣬰סİӡ
飺
Ǹ»
ԣСܿ
룬˴𰸡
СԭﱾôڣϨˮУˣһ֮⡣
黹ͦˣҲ˸ѣ
ǡ
ҶǲãΪôôϻ۹ˣ
̽˵д֡
飺
Ϊ棬綼ǴһЩ
ޣ
һ󣬻һޣһŤͷεʶ
˵ָں𣺡顣
飺鲻ô


51 
µĭ˻ӡ
ƮС磬 ̲ס߰дֵ¶ôܷܡ
꣬΢΢һ հ׵ļƺһЩĻ档
иˣ ʯΧ˸ȦͷС˵Ҳöʶѽ ȻԺ˽ƭô죿
ϸȥ룬ȴղһĻ ֪˵Ů Ҳ֪ȦеǺޣ
벻ֻܷ СԱߣ·ˡ
ʱη˸Ρ
ε˻硣
ͬһǸüϤŮӣٴγ˻С
һΣֻ ηһɫĳǳڵĶǡ
̵͡
֪ͷһţ Ϊã жǰĻŮͬһоͷл硭
Ϊо ȼѪ⣬ ꣿ
εľ Ҫţ뺰κſ޷һ˿
ʱŮٴۡ
üͷ壬΢šţŻƻһͷαûȴûܵţҲʹһӵ紺յů
ʧܶȻŨīĺڰס۶ڱǡϢԽݵԽ
ͷ󺹵Ĵоѣۺֱضͷʣѿһ̾ҪƲĳ
˺ðβŻ
ͷдôˣجˣ
εͷ˵ε
ʧεʲôȻûӡԽͷԽۡ
д˯ʱСˣԸָȥǿľͷ
𣿡ʶһۣС͵֮Ȼ˯ˣ
˵һݡ
лҲ˸˵š
ʲô
ǡʱдĴתע
飺ףӣȻˣô죡ֻдǳȥֲûдǺʱء
Ҳ֪᲻ԺӰ졣ԵЩǣͷġ
ǰּҡ
εҲеҡ
νԭġ顭֪һУ顣
ʲô
ʾ棬ŵֻ顣һԿ϶һˣҲǻɵġ
̧ͷҿ
ҡдôУ
ΣҿѾݣԲġ
飺Ƭؼ飬ô㡣
һˣ
ƵΣװȻ˵ȥʲôݣ
֮Ժ۰ɡ
ţֻһͷΪʲôҪΪһͷС
ӣս壬ʱ͸оˡ
߳ţöͬʱŵˮ֪ġ
ʱûص˶ûãʲô
ˮ֪򵭵ʲôұʲô
֮ĶԻһطâ
ʱȻչһ壬źһ޹ǵﻹ˸ˮ֪գۣ˫ƯĴ۾·˵ҳѽ
ˮ֪ĵûס̲סһֿٻ䣬߰ɣȥӣʲôֲ
ٶȼ죬գš
θں׷û׷ϣ˲ƣֻʵʵطɣһ̻һ̡
ȵ˵طͼӣѾ˳һС衣
Ҷû뿪ţոȥתתһЩҩһ̯
΢ЦؿֲǷϵСԡ
գ۾ûƳ߱ߵֲԼѲɾΪ
ֲ˿ԵˣúţҲͲʲôƷףûбϣˡһƼӣǿҵԤСˡ
ʱС˭ȽףǶҪŬ
ˣ˵ˣһøϽֵԺȥһҹȥӣͷȻ⾫ӣǸɵС̫̫ˡ
æȥӣС󷨣ʩչ绯ֲķ
æˣʣҿ𣿡
ӣ˵˻˻˻Щβͼڵд֡
ǰЩС˰Ѳݡ
ӽȥûܣǲݳãҶƬþӨ͸Ʒ׶ˡ
ǿĵرֲ϶ֲס
δÿһۣȻܰ³ܰСأ¿ˮϢĴ͸ܽף
һܣ
ǳıֲþͬС
ӣЦ˵㻹ѽãԣûôֻҪĸٳԵû¡
һ𾪵ضųӣ۾дɻıֲ
ûд֣ӣҲ񣬽͵ֲҲþ紵ʢ̫ˡЩҰĸֲ߽Σո࣬ÿһɱ䣬һ١
˵ֲ߽Ա߶ػޣĸ
ӣС棬⿪˸ЦԸİ𣿡
εͷ絷⣬һ
Ȼȥд㻹Լˡ
κ֪طӦŶ
Ůæûë
˺ʱ䣬ÿȥŸʱһЩＸȦͻصһЩµķżҲǾشһЩ⣬Ҳ÷ɿ졣
ÿʮ죬˾պ͵С˶ĻãĹâƽʱںҹмţǶĲʺ硣
˲ֹܷ⣬˵顣
Ҳ֪˾պĶô绰ȤĹ£ʱܱøһ˱ܴһ̨Ϸּˡ
СˣʮҹûôߣһûȴΪжϣèץּ
֪Σ»طֽ⡭
ÿÿ仰޲˱ӣһ쵰
Ž
ƫƫֻʮʱŻŽĵð뷨ʮ壬ʮ
ûȥҹѹûҵ
绹ûķӦ˾պںԴģ͸Ĳյһ
鵹֪һЩݣдûûúܡ
գԹԵʮ塣
ʱֵ¾ӵɴȡ
ûȥֻ֣żھΧۣΪԼֵ֧ʦʦҡź絽˭ܶÿס
˻֧Ҷۡ
ҲһС˼ǵһɱʿ˾պ
ϧ˾պûвμŴȡ
֧Ϊ˾պȻ澭սع飬ܸҶһ¡
οЦãս
ս
֪Լֵ֧ĺ޿ڷӵУֻµ͵ѷ۶
Ȼ֧˾պ۱Ͼһ꣬ڴԲҶ۵ΪʵеԶ
Ҷջǲض˵һǰһٵĽ޵ӣӵн뽣ڣʸ
ڣգʱγȥ֡
һƾճֵĽɽɽÿһʯ׽ǽڽʵǵٶԽ죬˵ԽԽ뽣ڣ֮Ѱ߽׷ɽĻԽ
ʱЩ緢ˣ֒СԴָ׻һûһµؿǣʵڣѾûʲôýˡ
ΣҵĽǡ
ˣҲϰߣʲôĽֻе²ڵġ
ҵĽ츳ܲ㿴иʯŵһһʱ͵Ƕҽȥһֱɵۣͷת˺üȦûһ齣Ƽˣܲ
ԽԽϡڣڵĽȻҲ𽥸࣬кýҲԭļ򲻳ʯˣⲻʲôͷ
Ŀ¶ǣ̾ϢŵҪˡ
֪򣬶ʱĻͬ
ӿͷԴһӾ͵ˡ
Դֱ£һһ죬һһ죬Ǹ߸ӶţСһɥʲô
ʱ˵Ǹ˼ǶҲŪ˲ȱĵ㵤ˮƽôߣĵƷϣܰŪ𣿡
ίί
ʵˡ
ȻҲóѽ
ҪóһӦɽ١
˺ˣżʱֵҹѰ󷢹⣬ңһһˣںӹǱ߷ʲô
ҲӣȲصһѪݣת־ʮ顣
ĩˣʱҲܸʯģҲ̫ѹ˾պ϶ˣܸһƷɽ
΢۾һҸظ̾ڰ׳԰׺ôã˵ס
¶ЦݣʱôһЦʱⲻ˵ע⣬ñɾòʣֽñӶѹһЩ
룬ֵһɴѹͷſʹ˲ٽͣϡ
עѪϡ
Ѫݣ
ǿƳƷҩݡȼ֮һƷ㣬յõýΪʿʶֱӽһףʮ֮ˡ
ʱҩͼףȻ֪ѪݶڣֻڻԵɺ³ʪľ֮ϣӹִݲĵط᳤Ѫݣǣħ鿿ɽӹأһЩۼ
ԭĺڻᷢЩ¡
ɽ¹سȱڣħ硣
һУмѭѪݵĲʱĵĴèǲǻвһ
ʱǰӦħ׼
Ȼһţо絶εɤӾʹޱȣֻܷ
ʱ쳣æϸһһصô£Ѳ㱻ԼĿˮǺ
κͷ
ʱɵԣ
˵İȽϴˡ
ԭȫֻǸⰡ


52 
ûһ Ҷ۳ɹ̤һ̨ʯףԾԵƵһ뽣ڣ
Ҳʯ֣ȵѹʱͷϡ
Ҷ۴˵ʱļ¼ ȫ䶯
Ҷۻ֮ʱҲвٵĿʱϣ вǿߡ
ʱϲעӣ¸ͷɴ Ծëֻ۶ˣ ըëè
һ ˣ ˣߣؼҡ
Ҳ뿴£ȻصڣϽ飺ԭҵѪѵ˷ֺӹħ춯
дûУԭҲûֻڤ˭ֵǺӹʯͷһ꼸ûʵ塢ľһСݣ
һɵؿ棿
ݵдƭʲô
Σ֪֪ˣ ΪҶˣžܼ񵽱
һתΪᶼ᣿Ѫݵˣ ᲻ע⵽ʲôף
Ҷ۷ ƬأǲǾĻ𣿡
ҵʱңܴ߸𣿡һ׳˺ü⣬ ʼһ ڵдᣡ
οһ֮ Ц˵Ǿͺá
һദôãһЩСϰ߱Уֿдն֪дֵʱԥˡ
һ̣Щֲ̿
ƽκѴҽǰæȻ£ܿڡ
޷κˣһֻܶԳܡ
ѾԹۡ
ϲ塣
һӷղ֪˭˵εڡ
ڶʱݣЩҲھᣬĵطһ˰ٴοѪɳĮ
ϴαѷ֮ξҲûˡ
ֻʵڷ꣬뵽ѪɳĮһ˴һǸطʶǱܹԶ
ȥס
ǰĻɳɳӶʮĽ
ʮɣСĲӴ֣͸ϴαĸͷࡣ
СĽϰλãҲ뿪ʱλãСҪʱסûȥֻѾײСˡ
ΣһԶ֮жమ
һСǣӴֵȻôǡԼͷϵСǣپŤͷ飺ǲǴСͷ
ǲӰż
ԭҿ
סܷˣ
ŤͷͿŵĲ飬ͷ
δʣôѾһûϹˡ
Ŷ˵ɹ
Զ֮ɣѵ
ϴΣ㻹ҵ֡
бһۣഥиӦ
оԶ֮ƣνŵеСͣңҲǣ⣬ġ
Զ֮붶£ЦһֱɳҪҪһ𣿡
ǰһΣһµɳɳҳһΡ
β̾Ԫ
ŵȥҲɳǳǳһӡӡ
ϸյ£ͱצ
СëյצתһתһĵʣʱСԶ𣿡
˵ٿžʱ
š
ӰȷʱһֻСԺԶ֮о˵뷨ٴ꣬Ԫ׹ɳµӡ׼ȷ֪ڵʶǿȡ
ܱû뵽һ仰Ҳ壬ױ¶ʵԪ
Զ֮ȷСëʵݡ
ȻʱֻСԡ
ǲܽڵģԣΪСԣʵֻ
ʱϢ˶ûݡ
ֹͣתʣЩ㲻ޣ
תͷǵ˲ѣʶӣףô˸飬ѧʱЦһ˵˵
Ͳ̫ԹӼתҪʲô취أ
ԷԶ֮Ԫ񳬺ǿ
Ѿ϶ݣƺƲȥˣ
ӦûأԶ֮Ӧòڸ߲ܣⶼȥһˣ
Ҫʲôأ
ţ͸оһѹԶ֮צͷſס
ξԼˮЩƮˡ
ʲôֶΣֱɢαװ¶Ԫģ
û¶ԭΣͼԶ֮צҲһ£һƺߣȻҲܵڵĳѹơ
ʹԶ֮ãҰɣʱ㡣Ҫǹڱ㽨˿Ϊ
δ󾪣ԭҪң
ǰһĺ⣬Ķĸо
Ȼҡͷ
һԶ֮ҲǸڻҡ
ڰ壬һЩҪûء
Ը⣿Զ֮ɿ֣һͷɳϣȥ
䵭Ųɵϡ
ֻܱԭӣЦͷСǵȻеС
޿̣Ųмصȸ󣡡
Զ֮
ת˲ӦʱˡǰԼ˸󣬿˭ϸµѡϡ
ԼҪͷµСƽϣŲŵһľѪƬۣһһѪһһƬۣ
ٴĶ
ΣûӦͱһֱĬĬΧ۵Դڵϻ˴һ
ֻҡͷ԰ѪƬ䵽Զ֮ǾͲˣݶסʱǣʲôӣ붼롣
ڱˮһͷ硭
ٴξܾԶ֮еţԴͷ̧
ͷһ̾ϢһҪʱʱɳҶɳ
ŵ̧ͷһôе𣿡
ɳвУ
ɳѽܻܲĵط
ЦЦأһͷСôװôෳ£
εԲ۾ô֪ҷģ
ʳԶ֮Ǵͷɥģ񱻱ɹ˵ߡȷܿĻʶ
ɳһΣѾǵڶʶഥ
ǿԶ֮˵ԸӦһЩ顣
֪ͷСأ֡
룬˵мܴܴ£ֻһֲ֪ܸ߱ˣôأ˵ʱβȻ˸ȦȦòܹȥɳӶѵ˸ͷ˸Ȧ
ںȦͷµưСβͼԶ֮ǿر¡
Զ֮ʶԼ
κΣצڸš
еţԱдд
ζûضԶ֮ô
Զ֮˵ʱͻ˵ʱȥ㣬ܸ㽨Щ𣿡
ҿԣΪҹǿǮ
ôǿˣͲôෳգô಻ҡȥ¡
Σ
ĺᡣ
㻹ڿԥʱǼ¾ͲرҪ
Ҫ£ֵ˲һȥ
ֵ𣿡
ĺң죬ûܸ𰸡
Ǹ˽ĵСɡ
ǣȴֲȥԿ˵ʱо۾̱죬ûһ

Զ֮СſરવصᣬֱԼ˵ĻöԷˡ
ʵϣ벻ףôСһǸ̵Сһʲôķա
ľķգ
ȱľǮ
Զ֮ÿҶѰʱɳӣҸһ顣ȥ˾˸һǧţꡣ
Ŵ졣
һ̵Զ֮âɣʱ˷ա
ǡ׸
ͼһצצϴһ£Ǵ˸¡
ûκԼµĶĳصʽһθо˶Է֣ء
ûצӣȥˡ
˾պʱǻˣЩԼǲⴥġ
Զ֮ǶģӦûףഥζʲô
ʱӦԴܴˣĲ˵λǰı֡
θβͼβͣ˵ô˵ˡ
Լúʵʵؿʼɳӡ
֣ɳӷǳķʶնûһ۵ѣֱһƨɵؾ
ʶʱԶ֮ɳ̲ﱳһ߶ɳһ߿ֵ˦βͣͻȻβͼڿС
Ӧע⵽ʧԶ֮͵Ťͷɫͫ⡣
Ŭ
ںڴϢ
ոʶĵе࣬ˡ
û뵽ûãţʱ㽻̸϶Ĵ˯Ժģ˸ͷͷ¡
ȥӾͱһֻקסһ̣Ѿᵽ˿С
ʱʶľȷʵճڡ
ν۾죬ʱ㣬ҺŶ
ʱ۾Ҳеף۶ûɣȻ޹
Σ޵̫Ͷ룬Ҳ˷Ӧ
ʱüŵٴ˴֮˵ƺʩԩͷżЩˡʯҩû뵽Ȼģ
㶥ҵݿ޵ҲͦģȻᡣ
һǧ飬һһ롣ײСӵݸСԣ´ϣޣ»
Σá
ʯ˿֡
𣬡Ҫ˾պ齣õķ
ʱЦˣɾһŶʣˣԼʲô
óһӷŵһߣͷڿУصҾϲӰ
齣ȥп˵ʱõġεԴʱԺһкöö顣
Σ

õ鰲ο࣬ƣڴϺ˯
ȥ¶æٵڶɳӣҲõˡ
ûԺ⼸岻̫ԴϢڸݰҩ
ִָҶߣҶ糤ְúܡ峿¶ҶϣžӨ͸
ÿθҺ֮ǰζҪӼ¶ɤ
ȺȱˣϢƬ̣ηɵϷһſʼҺҲϢ
ںȿҶƬмȻðһСӣæʣʲô
дúҪˡ
һ˵úܣҰϢߴҡ
ͷһһֻһλĸͻӣ岻ãǱʲôԭֻԪˡ
ǳӣıֲ
ȫ޵ķ䣬Ҳܴʮꡣ
һֻһλνþȥš
ӣԪ걾ֲҲ˻ƻ裬ųͳӣ֮


53 ѩ֮
Ŀڶµûš
֪ ڵȷûԪҲԪ
ʲô
ֳʶǬ䣬һֱ죬 ʹǰ졣
μǵԼǬһѩ
ССһ䣬ˮ֣ ڡ
˵סѩɽ޳ɽ飬ֻǺ ֪ԭɢһػ֮䡣
ǰ ѩɽ֮ѩʱ׵ĵ
ְѩ˵ԺҲ͸Ҫˡ
ʲôð
֪ܵʱ Ȼ֪ˡ
ǵģ ֪ˡ
ͻȻðͷռĵиǿҵ˵ӣҪ
ĶĶ
Щӣÿ첻ܶæһǬ䣬ʱ򶼿ֶ飬ʱһЩ֬֬ ֮ôʱ䣬õĶҲľҶͰ׿ȸ⣬ ûˡ
Ҫѩ֮쿪 Ըôѩ֮͸ӣ
ʶľ Ѿоͷˡ
д֣ ˵֪дʲô һβûͣ¡
ҺСЩ£Ҳȥ
Ǿȥ
ʱػȣóѩֻ֮һС¡
˲һȥСµǲǣͲǰһ˽Сˣ
޲ýεնϣϳ
Ȼû취Ĺ浽˾պһҲû취ֹһҪ¡
μȥֻܰɣѩ֮飡
Ҳʱֱ׹䣬ҶƬϡ
ʶľֱӻԡ
׹֮ʱڵβͼ΢΢⡣
ע⵽εβƬϿסһָ׸ǴСС
ǾɽʧƬµΨһۼѩ֮顣
ҲеΣܾҲ˺ܶ
ԺðͷҺӰ쵽ˣ
Ϊ֮ԵʣдĹݺύĹ򣬶ң֮鼴Сô
̧ͷ죬ĿⶼЩ㱣ӣĽԭĲûдõѩ֮飬Ӷɹ˽Ҳûϵ
һ
֮ǰ룺һ
Ÿһ׹Сһͷһƽʱòң˵죡
ҶƬС׹һ˲䣬üƬҶͬʱס
ʶСԾȻȥ֮׼ҩĳӣüƿСͽܵݹҩȥԺ￴
ȰҲҩȺȥ
ӣЦһ£ӹǵֲǲʲôûá
ҩǰӣЦ˵ΪʦһӶûôԹһأҲȡ
˵ҪԣǺᣬһ˿ζòã̫ˡ
ջ΢΢֣˵á
תҩʱֱϣĨ˵ҷȥ
ȵԺӣһ۾Ϳ˻˯Ҷϵ˿˿
˿˿ڻͦģƬҶӶѹˡ
߹ȥʱҶӱԶͣмǸĻʱøۡ
Ҳ̲ס˵ƵĴŴ¹ӣײһ£ѽ㻹ʲô˿˿̫ˣΪʦסˡ
ʦΡΡرСԣԴһֱϴʱҲ˲ˣæ˿˿ӹϣڳȥʦ
ȳӣºŵ˿˿ʲôˣ겻̫ԾҲû㣬ٵ˼䰲䡣
ӣǸС
ԱиӣСϣǰֱԼ˵˿˿ұһ
Щģ˿˿ͦġ
ӣҺôҲڡ
ֻ֮Сԣо٣ʦʡ
ϳӣֵȥҪ
촽һõشߴ٣ȥѽ
֧󣬳ӣرԺн硣
ҧס촽ɿһѪ˿
ˡ
ԤУǼ׵ɳ©ʱʣ޼
޿ظһ˾뿪
źһ¶͸޵˿˿һ࣬һ֧ҲЩ쵱һֻԡ
ޣǻᱻƲġ
ǡʱͶһӰ
ӣ̧ͷͷƬƬƼپ£̫Ų̫ǽơ
գ֮䣬ƾͲƬա
΢΢ʲô׽٣ڣѲɣѾǸżͻƶɽپˣ
һУûϵˡ
ܸоԼţҲܿȫŬ
¡һը
ţѷյĽڣϷɳһӲӵӰһɲǣнɫƲз˸߿еӡ
Ӳ㣬ӽӭ
ǽ׽ֱײ顣
ӣ¸̾⾹ǽڵ׽١
Լ֪ɽٵ˭ˡ
մӽڣӭǿĽ𵤽٣ݲѲ¡
ɽ֮ʮа˾žǰǸͽܾ콾ʦҶۡ
ӣ۾뿴콾ʲôģȻȫҲҪڵ̫̫ͨɣԶ˵
ֻܸоս߰磬ƽϵ׽ٶѹ̧ͷ
ΪȲʣʱ˿̣Ļǳ
ӣ˴ǰ
ǰҲĿš
ô˹עʵʮֲ
Ƕ˵öԣӤȫˣڽӤһֱṳ̂ʵȻ޴Щɣ֪ӦԣҲ޷⡣
ֱ˰壬ûΪʲôУҲû˿ĵȰϽ
ʲôʲô»зţôڡ
¡¡һһڶըЩˡѰʿ˵ԹȻ쳣ĳӣǺ¡¡һ
ƽɢǱߵĻ۵ĺ⣬ۣࡪչײƣ졣
˵Ŀⶼӣջߣһڴؿǰ
Ҳʼˡ
ǽɫĹâȴһҲۣǳˮµĽɫɳᵴʱᡣ
һƽ٣ոԾɽĲó
һ˽٣Ǽ׹󺣵Ѫ
һ֣ǶųԼĹâ
ӣĻ
Ѿѵ̧֣ڼ֮ʱʢĻͻȻ¶ĺͯһ㣬ͷϡ
¡¡ͣͷըˣۣÿ۶ϣ׹볣ӣС
ӣǺЦϢţ۾ڻϡ
ڳӣഥĵطһˮۣ¶
ȫˣ
ѩ֮飡
ѩ֮ģĶŶβͼƬ
βžһ´ڳӣϣǶСѩҲģˮֵѩȻٵһССˮգ۾ʧ
ôˣ
ûã
βֻ֪ǽŵؿųӣһ
һɻۡ
ͷУŨö˵ɫ´̵ķ٣µɫ˿С
ãȻУͷʪˡ
ɲǣȿֺعע壬ľ괺֦⡣
תʱ˿٣ɹѩЦ绨
ͬʱϵҶƬζ
һͷһֽǵĴ̳Ļڽ֮д󣬷ǽԶҶ۵Ľ඼ˡ
ţֱײ˳ӣ塣
ӣĺڷ϶һƽɫΪһҫ۵ķɫ˶࣬һԲʯͷĥһ
ӣ֪˶Ժ⡣
˿˿Уһ˦䣬򿪴źҳˡ
ֹǸǰˡ
ʶ
󷽷ظڹˣңӣٶʮ꣬Ϊϣ
˵ųʱǳǳһЦûλ
ǰλŮ޶׵˳ڡ
Ϻȵģɲֻй
ʱӴˣǰֵһɡϴˮ֪ʱ¶˳ڵʵӵԴ˸ڣԴӲ١
СӣԽԽ

β֪Լ˯˶ãʱͷˣҲѾ͸
Զ֮ѾʯһͲ׼ʱȥ׸ԩͷĻ
Զ֮ʯҪȥô죿
˵ʱ
뵽ڣɿС
뿪ʱ˾ȥҲھߣֱϰһƬڣܶ˶ڷشҶۡ
мһɻ󣺡ҾðĳٶʮͻƳϸ𾪰ɣ
ҶᵤȷʹˣɳǰӤϣȣһ𵤾ҲûҪеޣ
ܿͱû
дӣϰ˵ѹסҶ۵ķͷﱾԭһνΪҪʵľ飬ЩԻԭӰ죬˵˵ĻҶ۵ĳݡ
޷ģڰ˳ӣ´ǲʱ
ʱдװס㿴ЩˣƽʱԼ˼жϣɵϰֽдϵľʱܹԿ磬ϵÿһ֣ǲΥ򡣡
Σǲ𣿡
д˾պÿƲµ¾ͻʧأо𣿡
οžϵֻͷһɺ⣬Χһжôʵÿһ˶ľż
˽Ҷѣ
һԱߵ飬Ժٴθҹξ
š
٣ܾš
صϰͿһͷڹɳӡ
׼ȷ˵ɳȥõɳһȥͲˡ
ȿȿȣһ߿һߴԴǸ˵Ⱦˡ
Զ֮ͣŤͷɫ¶мҵʲô
Σ
Զ֮ҶﰲɳӻҵʶؼǣҴСֱָȥĵطϡ䱦
һ£ҲԵ޹ʵƬѪɳĮ϶ҲС
ȻˣڻûҵıʱҲ뿪
ֹѰѪͳ˵еϽѰ󣿡
û뵽Զ֮ͷҲôɹȥˣλԵ
Զֵ֮ϲӡ
ʵʵر
ΪԶ֮ҪצӣչȭʱͱԶֱ֮Ӱɳ
ֲõԤС
ͼԶ֮˺һɳԶ֮צǰһƣ˵ȥɣ١
ΣȻҽٿţ㺰٣ܾùֵֹġ
ˡ
һʼͷЩΣŹţʶƣȴһֺĸо
ɳ棡ǰȻû
δڴڵĴЩѹĵ׵Ʒйȥ˶࣬ҪԭƮ

ԶһХɵУͷ
ҲŴϸϸһƵúܣ춼ŵ󣬽Ҳһϸϸģౡ
⡭
̫΢ѽ
еߣԱߵĴĿһۣҲˣౣ
ŽţʶҲĵòˣһΣǰкҲˣҵ뿪ˡ
Զ֮Ӧһš
С뿪뿪λû˸ȦȦ£Ҳʧ


54 
λصϺ ֱڴϴ˼
Сһ´˵һ졣
մӹıʱ˵ôҵˣ
ѵ˾պӦ
һͷˮ ¸˾պʲôϵ
ʱյ﷢ĴѶ˾պɷʱõ˿ƣ ǴһЩº¸˾պܻ
룬 ĵؽ飺ǵݼ˲ܽš
ʱһסԺӵˡ̾ һҪ㡣
϶Ҫ§§ ȾһζʱԼԼֱ ĵžž죬ֱӴ˼ӡӣǳСӻҵùס֣㡣
ΣҲ§§
ʱдŲţ
Σ
Ϊʲô˵滰ûţ
ϢһֵϾ
˾պҪˣ ҪСʦƲµĽ˾պƲ档
ҪƲھ⣬ζƲ½ˣ õ˾պһȣ һеů
һ£ηƲ¸Ҷһȥнˣʱ䲻 ʱ˿
δ뿪ʱ һϤ֡ѷš
Ǹˣ ˵ԼԼģ˷ֵʱʬ嶼ˡ
۵Ƿ׷ױʾúãᵽ˾պѷֵµۣʱ϶˲ĥڻô׺ݡָ̬ʱѷĥ̫ݡ
η´ѷˡ
ԭĵľ飬˾պǲǻᱻʱߣʱȴû̵ʱԸһʼӦǻ취ѹɷʱԭû׼ǰ˾պڽϣֱֻ
飺ʱʲôʱģǲǿˣ
㲻˵͸¶̫ݣҾãʱѾܽˡ
д֪Ҳûã粻֪
ô䷢ģвҲˡ
ʱΪ£ڵ鲻ʵʵԹۣˣ͸¶ʱйصϢ
ηˡ
˳ûмѣβͼɿزһ²·ǿصͦƬ
ûµģа취ġ
ɺͷ
ĿվͷߺȣλãҪϴĸϽˣһ²ųһˣ͵õ¸˰ָҵķûֻ۲˳ɹǰѰԵ
˲룬Ҳÿ
ûλãԸԽԽˡ
˵ܾǰȥѰɵ˻ܴһЩϢҲйŵĵӻԼ˽ӹȥǶǳˣʮ꣬δ˻
ˣҲûϢԲ֪
ܾһ߲ʲô磬һŴľޣÿһ˹ȥڸͶʳ
ָ꣬оǿңڿʱŵһɵѪζȻͷŸɸɾﴦ͸Ų顣
ɵ׾ͻˣҲܹ˹ײı
˰ˣشϢһ£Ϳ˴ͷĹսǴ˹
ˣһʾͷͬѰ
ǰɽɣʮߵͣݰףƮƣӶǺġ
ŮӿЦˡ
ǾСϳ̻ɶǱͷСӸȤ˼䡣
ѹߵô죬ƨɺŮ׷ء
ϣôһϺëǸо͸ͷʱࡣ
Ҫڨֱȥת̤壬ȥһ
ø壬ʹòͣ˽Ų
ҡң
ҴҹȥһƷǲ㴬
ܾκʱҲˣֻΧĻ˲࣬ͷ죬ȴǱ˱
˽Ͱ͵ػش𣺡ááá
߽ۣӲŷԼ󱳶ʪ͸һǺˮģǸɽڻѩˮһô̹ǡ
̫̫ˡ
˼´վ̫±ɹ
ͬһʱ̣Ѿ۵һƧ֮¡
˭Ϣûáǿ˾պһ˾պδתͷ𨣬üô˾պ硣
һΡ
Ҳû뵽ɷѾȥΪԵʣԪǱȽ䣬˽ӴܵӰĴ
˵ϢھҪϢԼһ͵ʬʬġ
˾պѾͳģڳԽ֮ǰ룬Ļ֡
ܵ𣿡
ɷ紦С
ǵǰĵطǿԽڵģսϡСȻӦˣҲûӦǱɺԡ
ƣȫܱڵַΧ
ʵڲеĻֻȹȥ۶ɺð£ǵĻҲ졣
˾պͷԡ
Ƭ̺˳ڣ˿ʮֲԾкڣѾѹƵɷٴη֮ס
һصض˾պɲǣ˫ɺϣﶼ΢΢ļ£ֻԼĲǸˣǸޡ
˾պŵ֣ڼװϷһ졣
ɿյ֣߼ѵתƵģ߾ȫע΢΢ŽâƬϡ
֮ϢŵǸˡ
˾պüͷΪΣ
Щ¾ûеԡƩǰЩӣҿСͯԻˮסļ¡ѣֻμס
ԣĳ˲ᣬ롣ֶԲԣģҲֻǱܿȵĳһ죬ȼʱǿһʣΪΣ
ʣǶҪ
˾պƬźãͷ˵š
ʱ͵Ӻٵºܻȥˡ
˾պʰڣ޷Ҿڴϵȡ
⴬Ҫˡ
˾պƳһֲۣ´
֪ڸǽȥĻ˵㲻Σֵˡ˵꣬վһֱûİ𨱳󷢳ѵ죬ӥצڿ顣
˾պ֪Ҳһֱ档ҪʱðȥڰΪѾڣȫϾ
ڴ֮ǰԼĺۼ
ʶٴͶڣɿһֺ뿪
˾պ㣬ˡ
һ˲
Ƭ̺󣬺糱ӿ
˾պ
ˣ˾պٴ
˭㣿
˾պھֳĶ޴
εϾʱܿܶ˾պ
ʧٴγ֣֪ҴľϲǾţ
һ۾ҵ˾պǾ䷢ԣ˭㣿㣡
Ȼȥظٿţܸʱ鷳
ɨһ龵ζһ˵Ȥ
һһһۿȥϲˣǴչȥ˳Ҫɻ˳ָ˾ǡ
ýȥһֱˡ
һһ˿˿㣬ϴ˵ˡ
һһϴ
һһڲʱҲҪӺϾǴ
һһŶϴ˵㲻ûشֻҪܿͺá
һһ㿴
һһô֪û졭ʶҪľˡ
һһ㣬㣬롭
۽һ飬˸²⣺һһòǰɣ
飬ȻҪתͷǰ𨣿
ͷ
û
ٿھֻ̫Ҫһظʱ˹Χۣʱ˵ûôˡ
λһԼ
˾պ
ˡ
ÿʮץ룬޲ðѻؿ飬СĹ¸
ʱ򡭡
żҲɡ
룺Ȼ˾պ˵ûظǸӣ϶Ҫõ𰸣Ļָ
ȥʱ㡣
ʱ룬
еʮʵڲ֪Ϊʲô
ʲôСǵͨ죬⣬⣬ǻᱩ¶ھϵ֡
ʱɫڰ˵Ըˡ
ҧҧǲԸ⣬Ըģڰôã˷ıӻЩ񣬿˵궼ɷһ˿¡
ôС¶Ըôȥ
ֻûش𣬴Ϊ㼴𣿡
ʱͷֺһ˵ʦҲ㡣
Ȼ򣬡Ƕã˽ģֻ˾պǻ磬ѶҲ˰ɣ
ʱɻ˵̫Զˣ˾պû𵤣ѶزξǹﴫصϢ̫ԶҪĴѶƷҲߣ̫ˡ
Ҳ˵ԭжһǹ󣬶˾պԼ겻ǿûѶš
оԲҪǮôѶȻڿڴЩʯˣǰѷɽɵʡŻ
ˣȥذɡ
Ͼҵһһķԡ
еΪ飬ѾǼظظΪС㣬ʦ㣬Ҷ㡣
ûã˻أΣӽˮˣȻ
һ¾ˡ
Σ㣿ﶫ밲ϴ˾͸ŵˣڻײǰТӣˣʵߵļûͷôȻ
˭뵽ʵ˵ϸϸ˵仰ھﾹǸһը̵أ



55 谮

ϣ ʶľ˳
˾պ˵𣿡
ͷ
ʵʵؽԼھֶдؾصسʵ˾պǰ
˾պüͷ Ʋ
ŵöûкˣʶתϢ
ζҪԭʧʱ ˾պʶ̫ˡ
ŤͷߵӰӣЩʣΪȥ ڣ
ٶھ˶೤ʱ䣬 д̫֡
ᣬ ٶȻ
Ҫ֪궼ڷת ûʯʱﵽ㣬Ѿѽ
ҽƱ磬ֻܵͷϴʦֽѵǡ
˾պƳһۣûˣռ
Ȳ뿪 Ҫȥװϴ磡
Ȱߺ˾պͳһĻԽ üͷԽ
ǡ
ľǵĽԽĹ¡
˵ϲԽˣ ʱ׺ס𽥿Ҳ еʱͻ῿ʱ䣬 һЩԵϸڸˮ档
Խˣ
˹Ͱ𨣬 ڷ໰ϿǸˡ
ÿ˵˵һġ
Ǹˡ
ֻǻϵᣬ˾պЩ
ʲôŮȦڻУСˣȻҩָ˿ڣöԷӡ̵ȵȡ
᣿
գٴε뾵ûþʹҴдҳֽ
𨣺ģô࡭ºܶڳܣǸսȺۣһǧ
϶нˡ
Ϊνڵǿ߻ھһȺͽʿܣ⵽ʲôȤζ
ڴҷִǽںҲû˸ҸˣȻĻЩظȫĸɡ
𨽫ʼظָ˾պ
ΣӦǰĳλǰɣ
˾պһ£û˵ĻΪʿֻ
͡
е⡣
ǰƾûˡ
ŷ֣ԭ廹ôˣÿ˶һ
Ȱߺ˾պڷ￴顣ܿ죬ܷܿһͷһԣصһ
ۺƣûеķ䣬ֻһһȵľԱߵߡ
ཱུû
ƶ¶һ˫۾磬飬Խҿһ𣿡
˵ǸװֵСͯͣ´ӦǳԸ˼ҡ
һ׳ĳӣиʮŮȥ죬ŮǸ

˾պ룬ٿЦһ£Ҳ൱ᣬȻԡ
ŵɫɷ׵΢΢һۿɼķɣϻܼЦл
˾պĴǲδ£΢΢ͷб䡣
ᣬƺҲԣ
̧ͷʱ峺࣬ϵɽӳУĵˮ
СӴһƹֵֶֶܵǰ˵ǡû꣬ԱɫֱˣĪʲôף
˾պϸһ£˶˫࣬һҲ׼ȷ⣬ر֮
ӵЩÿã˵磬д׬˺ܶʯҲûȥ磬˶ô˵ģû뵽ǰҲͬˡ
˾պֻ׬ܶʯ
Ϳ˺ܶ໰ΪýʮܺùһЩҹҹؿԼдһЩ¡
ûЩ׬ܶʯ
ﻹһЩ±ӽŮС֧ͯԼء
˾պһкܶͼ̧ӡ
ЦŵЩĺ֣ǰӦˣǷʵ
˾պ
ôҲѧ˲٣޵ķҲûĿȫ
沢йɣʵ
Ӽ˵ֻϸطӦõġ
˾պ۾һ֪ˡ
ôؼҡ
꣬ҲһЩ׼ĿǰõóֵģӦȾƥӳġƥص·ܷתɹý硢㹻ʵ
Ҫʯ
Ҫ£Ĳдԡ
ϣʱЩ׬ܶʯ
ܡ
ƳһǰЦӣͷЦһ
Īش˸䣬ֱ˵⴬©簡úܡ
塣
֪˾պˣξͱøܻӭˡ
ΪȥĶ˱һ߱һ²
ں˸첲֣ҲǰСӣȷͦģǴҶǸ߽ʿһȭȻ֣
κܲЩˣ
ߣα
ǳСӻˣǾˡ
һֻ𣿡
ˮ֪ĺʱͬʱǿʵĳСӰ
òħצλط굤ŵ뾵
һһϴһСӶˣӴ
һһڸһһ
һһϲӡ
οͷƤ顣
̻һǿ𣿡
СŮǳˣߣȻԭˣҲҸ巭ˡ
˳ڣȥʱ״
ʱ֧£ιǾ仰ϴҹ֦ͷߴǿ𣿡
ؽ仰дֽϡ
ӲͷƤֽݹȥ󣬱Ϊ˾պȻϤ˵ԭˣΪʲôأ
СشǣЩһ˾ͻºۼĲֹǿ顭
ǵõʱϲʧȥʧĻϲȴʧ䱯ˡ
ʣµĻû˵أͼ˾պͷˡ
ʲôϴ
˵Լ˵˾պϢ۾΢΢죬ɷԣ뵽ĳ˵
еţܾ׿ܸĲ̫һ
Ҵüͷ˾պûм˵˼ȥװϴˡ
˾պȻֹ飬Ǿͻпȸ
ˣûǸ
ʱ䣬ÿھдʲô֮ž鷳ʱÿ춼Ÿ˵ʲô˵ģֱӸҼɡ
컰Ҳµࡣ
˾պ˿˿Ҫ˿˿޷뾵˾պھͳ壬Ҳʣܰæˡ
ƽʱھﵱ˵ͻȻԣһʼҲеͷƤ鰡
Ҹ׼˲ɫīֲ֭ƵģƤ֪д֣βͼպī˵Ļд档
ԵһСԣ˵죬ҪһСԣȻھ˿˿ԴһʱֶסܵԼ᲻ð˿˿
ƽʱûûιǰ˿˿᰺ͷкԼǸˡ
ţıһ£ͷͿǿŻûԴѾԼ͵¡
۾˵дɡ
ڶǱѾ뷨ˣĵֽдĸҿҲšʵںܿԣ䲻ѾûʲôˣԴڳӣǰдֺ󣬰˶رϲβд֣Ҳ֪ʲôֵֹĶذá
ֻܳȺĵ
д꣬գ۾ǲд˵ʱ̵ͷ
϶кܶ໰˾պ˵дپд٣Ҫģʶ㹻ھд켸ҹû⡣
Σ
ǵ㡣
βдֺ۵ģ
ңҲûرĻ˵˵ʲôôѹ½ꣿ
˵£ôҶر
βͼֽϻ˸ȦҲôһɡ
ĶԻȥѪɳĮһְ棬Զ֮ÿ춼ɳӣ˺ܶѺõȫƵÿִ˲ƣ
һʼֻܶһӵʱ䣬ʶƿԽԽǿܹ֧Űʱϡ
ʱ䳤ˣԶ֮ȥɳѰ
ת˺öʲôû֣Զ֮ڿ϶ض˵һ䣬Ӯˡ
Σҿùսʤ֮ӣ
գԶ֮һ˺ܴһȦ۵ſϴԶ֮˵뿪ɳһǡ
򿪺ͷпŻ顣
Զ֮Ц£֪ѪݰɣڲеֲһѪݣԼֵʮʮ顣
飬ʮѪݣұƳɵ裬ֱӷãһʿԪֱƾոͻƽڣһű飬ʶǿֱڴԲ
ͷ˵ú棬۾С
˵ô࣬˵жֵǮΪҵһˣô顣
Զ֮봵Լáôˣ䡣
꣬κϵؿãȻɳôĶ
Զ֮ǰС
Ĩۣúܣ˵ʱɵϣǰСצӳԴβͼҡΣһ˦һ˦ɨŵϵɳ
ܶļء
ܺõʱ򣬾ϲе˦β͡
˾ˣ˶Ľѡ
ĽһĻۣתɼʡԶҩóۺõѪһĸŧɢŻĶ
һڵСһƤء
ĺܸˡ
Լ˼£ȴҲԹˡ
ɵ֡
֪ΪΣԶ֮͵ҡεβͣ۾һ
^_^Сβ͡


56 
Զ֮߹ȥ СſšſºֲԣǰŲһأ˦βʣ֪𣿡
һؿ˧һëëǰ
װû ͷش𣺡֪
ŶһŨϽˮһֻһϽӣ ڱȽϵùѾûˮˡ
æ䣺ڱȽϵù ҵ°
Զ֮ЦȰһʱ䶼Ҫ
Σ
ҹо 컹и ˵һһƵ齣 ѾʱԼһȥ˾պأ
һβͶ˦ˡ
Զ֮һεӣĻήڡβͼȻСβͣԶ֮ͷһϲ
ӴɲǣǿҵϲôݹԶ֮һֳ嶯ܼȦ ȦҲС
һˮܻ顣ظѻɽ顣
һ˵ ɳӶ˼ӣ ŪʮɫһſҵСǰ
˼ˮҪ𣿡
Զ֮Ȼ Ӵкµʱгж̣ ̵Ҳ꣬ ʷأǴ˰ꡣ
ʱ䣬̫
СȻûĻϡ
ѾȦһˮܻܶ飿Ҫʱ㣬ˮǣʱһˮ
ͻȻͣ£ӶŤһֵĻȣתͷԶ֮ҿǰ𣿡
Զ֮ͷǲţ˵˵ġ
ۿСܣѵʼǼǵòԽ۳ˮΣȵĿʼˮ֮Ŵ󶼻Ὺκ˲ýˡ
ˣẒ̇
Զ֮ݶЦˣŵأǿף٣ںӹϣǲɡܡ֪һħĺӹأÿҪʯ𣿡
ʯȻʧ֮Щ±㲻ȥˡ
ǵģ֪λڵʧܣԪѾ˾ͷȫԪڼû֡ΪˣǰЩӰԪһŶò
ҡͷʾ֪
άתʮ飬ÿꡣ
ؼԽԽ٣ڵԴѾΪţӵܽȼü֮ǰڷӵΪռӣʵϣˮǰ֮࣬󻹻һؾӽѰͷϷ
õģؾѰϽ編бԴôܴеȵȡ
ŵĵӶǰˮǸŽбȶǰһؾȳؾߣܻôôԼΪŨȪģܵõٵÿ
ڴǰǧ궼ǶؾڱҲƽƽʵˡ
룬Ҷۣôѽ
ؾȤóۣ̺ôֻˮǰ˵Ǹ飿
Զ֮ͷ
ô֪ˮǰأɽ춼ѽ
Զ֮Ҳ֪Ҷƾоµġ
Σÿ춼òԣ
Զ֮Ƴһۣһ飬ʱ۳¶϶ȲϺȪԼʮ顣
ζʱǮˡ
˾պɷѹסˣպӦͦ죬ˣҲܸŽ𵤣ʱֱӿͳɣҪ׬Ǯ
Զ֮ľɥüô٣֪
û˵꣬СѾ̧ͷ˵ɳأѰʱһ飬ʶǿˡ
Сۣү𣿡
Զ֮ЦúֱȻնؾܾӣ
μգ۾Ҳôˣ˵
Զ֮Ҳ뻨Ǯһ鶼ӡһ£˵ѾʱˣҲǮġ
Σ
󷽵ıʾüǮˣϢҲ͸
ʣµʶһЩɳ˿׸Զ֮ȥϷ飡
Щϲ
׳ȥʶҲһˣ˳ȥһ˲䣬ڿգɳ򶥵УһͷԶ֮Ǹա
Ǹˣȴ
أ
ȥ̽Ϣʱ
ʱѰ˶еһ𣬽˵ģҶ֪׬Ǯ¶ǰң
һԹǲǵҡ
ȷʵǡ
ɳʱΰκԶ֮öû̫ӡ˵ЩԶ̫࣬ʵϲ
ΪٿŵԵʣԶ֮ͨ˼Σ֪ôˣֻǲ̫ǵʲôӡ
ֻŬر׬ʯΪһֻɳɳӵСѾˡ
İԹֻһ˲䡣
һ̣Ϳʼһôжʲôʱòˡ
ֲ޶ЩȻзӦ
ѰǻѰĴӣǾͱˣʲôʱӵʵ˵ɡ

ܾӶˡ
Ѱæצӱʾһǰ쳣ģһʱ䣬˵ѾʮˣǴ˵ĿȻͦϲת
ѪѰ󱾾ͱһ޴ϻۣÿ˵ҶʶؿһС˿˿
ʱ˿˿Ҳдһ٣ʮ֣
Ҷβд֣Ƶģúܡ
ӣҲҲܰæ쳣һһʱעġ
ŵͷʵֲĸӦᳬޡ
ˮ֪Ķͷܸоؼӽ٣ӦҲ
ʣκʱû˵
һһèһۣӶԷ￴˲ڡ
壬
ɣ̫˰ɡ


57 
ۡ
˾պóһӰʯ øһһʯͷǰк
׳꺺ΪŰһǰؾصرȭ Ȼ˵ҽжŰ˾Сֵһʣ ģһ㶢 Ҫ࿴ļҵĹһۣҶֱӸ˵ 
ÿλú ˾պüŪһ£ ˵ֵֻܰ㵽ˡ
˾պ黹رãһֹС
Сӽ˼꣬С⣬صƯʯͷƯ㣬ûѽżȥֻƼԼֺ Сֱȥ빻ʯͷ˾պµ־ٸУÿвʵ
ȻСӲûбŻ
˼Ȼ˾պ · ȥ˾պӰʯ
˾պһֱߡ
ԱߵİһĶᵽɤۣ˾պ̲ס ֱһצСкͷ
Ѿܸо˾պЩɷˡ
˾պֽС ʹӰʯ ƵصʯͷûƯ㣬㲻㡣
˿˿ֻһ˵Ľ㡣
ạ̊́Ŭ΢ЦͼԼһЩ˵ƯŮ
Ҽ¼꣬һѽ
С۾һѽѽӰʯ¶ЦС˿ɺˣҽ¡
ǰŮƿԵеţһƯŮ͵ͷ
˾պȻ̫⡣
ƿôһ츳֮ղ⼸ջָ䣬ùؼʱ̸ƺ«һﲻһ
˾պ¶ʣûˣ
ƿ̧ͷ˾պ۾ͷһţۿ˲ͺˡ
ǿסЦ˾ո绹Ǹˣץ˼ɺ㣬ҪȥˣҪҪ缸ȥѽտɺˣ˾ո˵ϲ㡣
˾պˡպӰʯƿվüͷ΢壺˵Ҫ㣿
ȥ
ƿ۾ˣԱ߳˿ƿıӰҡҡͷȻ˿˾պ
ϹӶܿƿ˾պ⡣
Ȼ˾պ
ãֻҪ˾պժ߶նСһƯߴϣֻ¶˫˵һܸ롣
Ȼᡣ
˾պӰʯѯʣдʲôӰץ㣿
˾պ΢΢ףдɡֲһ䣬ˡ
ͷ֪֪
ʱۺȻһζһ£ţװ˼г
ԭǺоײ˴ף󷨳ƶĺˮ
һžʧ˾պԥһ˲֣סƶ޸ϵ󷨣Ϊʧʯ
ߵ˾պһֱһĨǳЦ΢ЦŻӦЩлˡ
ѾȲͷˡ
ǰЩˣȻصڣ˾պԽϲЩ£ÿһķ
ڰľսʱ˾պֵдϡ
𨣺
ԼɷеŨðûת䣬սսʣҲдϣ
Խϲ¡
˾պһۺָͷٱϵСӣ㽻λá
𨣺ʱվ
ӥצװһ
˾պЦ˵дҰۣõ˺ܶ˵ĸмᣬϻЦôô}ûš
𨣺ھȥдܵϥ£ֱӵڣ뾵
ɺʱͦ죬תһ¹ȥۼ
Ҷ֪˾պ´۲Ϊ˶ɺΪ˸һ뺣йصĹ
˶˾պף˳޳񹦡
ڴҵӡ˾պţȴҲֻǸײɢޣ˿ûǿߵϺƣһһҪԶٹȶδõûУԸں򡭡
Ȼʲôǿߡ
ʶûҪС
ҶŰţ̤ϳΪ˵롣
С˼ߵʱһͷ޳˱ݣվ̤ϻͣת˾պԺҳ˽ɣ档
ƿĺ󱳣ߵߣ·
ͮͮģҧһƤŵдϡ
һ뵽˾պǣƿ;ͷң޲
һͷȥһֻۣϽߣϽߡ
ǰҹ͵͵˰µ͸˾պȻ˵̫ջ
Ȼĵóһ뷨
ڻƿѿûͷ˾պ˵һ仰
ۿĻ֪ôദ
С̤壬ϰ󣬾ͿǰһᲱĳ棬̧ͷȥֻïʢӰ涣ա
Ű߾ؽˣ˵ɺǸֲʦţȻ鴫
ƿֱԣ̧첲һۣԼֱһ㼦Ƥ񣬺ëֱֱͣ½Ųԣе¡
ͣŰסŽ˼꣬ܣȵȡ
Űǵ˾պСֵ˵Ļ
֮УΨƿʣ˼꣬ѧ֮
ƿĻһ
ô£
ƿҾﲻԾ綼˺ܶ࣬еġ
С˷ܵصӦѹС˵ʣ
ڽˣؼ϶ǰһӶŰѳһһߺɿϣ
һ̣һҽдСӿзŰѭȥͼǰһ˿ߣ˿µģͬСĺ֩룡
˼꣡Űŵðϴ󵶣ҧǰ塣
ƿ˫ϥһŵõڵء
ں֩֫Сͷ֮ʱǰѻͻȻŷѩ⣬ֱֱײϿ֩롣
ײ֩룬ֻһϸϸĿӣ֩ŭ˿Χܿ죬ͱ˿סһֻϵĳӡ
֩빥ĿյŰɵСӱܣûֽűóأеѹŰ֪֩Ѿ
þȫС˦˳ȥǱ̱ڵϵƿȥСֵܣ
û뿪Ļǻл
ʣµĻŰû˵ͷԼؿڳһ˿ߣ˿߻ǰ죬ֻ֣ҪȥץǰСӡ
йˣʱǼѵֱ̧ۣȥסǸ˿ߡ
κΣָոմ˿ߣƱ㱻ϣѪϹµણѪˮ׹档
˿߼̴С֮ʱһצԶĴָס˿ߡ
ָ˿ߣƽ䵱ҡ
˿߱죬ֻ֩ſںʹͬʱ˴ɫ
ûδصĶŰ
ŰѪⱻʴգۼ䣬ֻʣһ߷ڵİ׹ǡ
֩ĿֲϢ𨶼ӲһСӣһקסƿ㽫ϻۡ
ɺ֮ûи߽
ֻڵ޼Ȼϲʳˣɴɺǰ˽硣ûȥֻ˵ηˮֻɷ߽бơ
ֻ֮ҪصϣӦþա
áҡҳŲסˣӥצ
ֻܸȣʦ֣ǽڣʦ־ʵϣ˾պҲֻڣڷȫûģǰɷԽɱˣɷѹҲ֪ʵΣֻ֮ûʦɱڵޡ
պ꣬Ϳ洬ƮһŻǣǵڶţšһŻƮϷһյյ
һ̣ʯһͷľ
һֱǵ˾պǸޡ
û뵽֮Ҳ޵ȵز֦һζϵһ˿߲εļ룬䵽Ϻˤѿ¶һ߾ݿɲʬ塣
зˣҲʿֲ֮࣬
һ£ͨжЩʿĴΪһǶнɫ˵ʿ͹ǾˣΪ֮䣬ʿҲ֩Ĵ
ܽӳʵã
֩Ƭ̣ɵ˵˴ϴ֮֩Ѿö˴׷˰ߣȴͣɷĽ籮ߣûˮ
˿Ƕ֩ȻԽ籮
Ȼһ̣´ôȥ·𣿡ɺֹһڷĴֱӴߵ˼ҪʱǴɺĻȫٸ·ҲҪˡ
˾պŵ
ʵֻޣһԸˡ
ֻҪһЩɷ۳ħӰնɱ֩벻һ
ڻ֪ܼɷֻǸʧأ򲻵ѣá
ϾҪһˡ
괬ɫɷףʲôϵأ𣿡һ˵һ˾պλܣЩʧصʣˣΪβȥ
֣ȥץ˾պ½󣬰Ҫһ̣еĻ˻ȥ
ΪһӴü͡һ۵ľϡٶ̫죬ѪȾȴ˴­ǡ
ոջƿٴμһɱˣ
ֱӻȥ˼Ŀ񣬿Ѿȫʪˡ
﷢ſһļУ㣬ôֵģ
ſĿﲻӿСС֩룬ɢʱ˾պԻ̼ճ˻ҡ
˾պʩ֣𴬷ʬ뺣Уվڴβ밶ϵĺ֩ӡ
俴ź֩ڴ˿ܣôÿ¸ʳǿ̼ܵŻ֮ǰҲû
˾պ˵ͷ𨣬һЦڴֻɱѡ
˭˵ˣΪβȥ
ҲɱˣԣΪ˲մѪֻܴ̼һķʽɱ㣬ײǱ֩˵Ŀˡ
ĸˣһ˵ЩµʱͲѡ
˾պвǺӣǵø߽㣬Ҿˣ
ߵ˼ǰָһ˼ͷ˵ûˡ
˼ͷ˾Ҵ̼˼ҲҲܲסȥ
˾պصذܵŵĺͯͻط˽硣
ϲˣҾͱˡ
𨣺
ǡԽԽˡ
һºĳ峿ŮǷƽʱϸ΢𣬵óһŲ󣬲δ۳¶
һӾʧ顣
˺죬ҶЩò⣬е˵иое־ûС
׻˾պ齣˼һ飬ոͻƳڵˮ֪ĺͳӣȶ綼Ҫ󷨣ҪʯԴÿױֲ׬Ǯά֡
飬һζۡ
뵽顣
ڰ屸ܳ谮ڵǻвãڲһɰһĻڶҡˡ
飺ҶбԴ飬ԭ緢Ͻӿʼˮġ
ΣǾӣֲɱѽ
ϸһ¾飬ðǰ¶ԺľûӰ죬ʱӦ
ǵ죬δǵõ˿϶𰸺̸ʱ
Ȼʱ㲢
ͰĵȽðɣӵ¾ͽǡ
ҧӣģҸоˣһġ
˵ʱȥͬˮ֪ģⲻ֪ƽʱˣǲ̫Ļνÿ˶һ飬ֵôһã˺һ
Ϊ˲ϴɵʧһ¾һŲ
ڴҵĴߴó˼ֵĲ
ʱ۳¶
ʱ۾⣺̫ˣǮ׬ǲڿʼÿ춼¶ˣǶЩأ
ҡͷԽ࣬¶ͻԽλúܲͿ϶ˣڴɽһѾ㹻¶Ҫһˮڵ½ɽƷʣ˵¶ĻǰĳһֻһΡ
ʱģһôӣĴ绯ɽͷ
ҡҡͷǲһֱܲӵʱ࿴顣
ʱ
䣬Խ취ɽԴͷ϶¶࣡
ʱŤͷˮ֪ģ㲻ǧ꣬Ϊϣȥһɽ
ˮ֪붼룬ֱӻش𣬡ȥ
ʱֿӣδڣͼӣҡͷҲȥ
ˮ֪˵ȥʱͲκϣӣһЩʱȰһȰӣѵһصºɽԡ
μˣæʣɽȥΣһδ죿ǽȥʮ£ܹ¶˵Լû򵽴Уʱ뿪ɽͺ
˵׬ʯԹӵתÿˡ
ˮ֪Ļҡҡͷȥһһᱸܹעôɽ¶
⻰Ƕʱ˵ģʱҲѰζ·˵ȻŬҪ׬ǮĲ̫á
ʱΣСԲ˲䣬úСԼΡ
ء
ֻܶҡ
Σ
ô죿
һһèͷʹ¡
λһ£ΪΪܵѹط̬Ż̶ģҽˣһ


58 
ϣ ʱóʱ󣬲ֻһ¶
¶ ΢΢⡣
ţڵӶյһѶϢΪŽ κ˲ÿڡĵӾϻţһ޷ߣ ִõ鴦ཨ衢Ѳ£ǰ鿴 ɽ⣬ ؽȡ
 Ҳ쳣Ҫ˶ã綼֪һεӻήڡ
ȫʿ½½ظڵӹݡ
˵ǻȴҲս

æڵĽ㲻֪Űȥˣ 춼ӰҲ顣
ƽʱֵİһӾͿˣ굤ֵһ¾ ﶼûʲôˣ òһԡ˵ӣڳ⽨ء
ҪһʿǣԼһרŽӴŵɽɽ
ûھô ȥɳһʱɳӺ˳ڣ ʶ˳һɲǾ˯˹ȥ ˵ÿɳӺ˯㡣
ҹһΣۺʶʶһ۰壬һͷ֣Ȼû
˲ͬɽɽֲֲÿ飬ܶ˿˿סĶſڹһֵʹԼһʳеķˡ
βδٹȣ嶼ҪԵʱ뿪Ͷιϡ
ڣſûԵģǱߵĶҲţ˵û
еġ
ֱ飺ڸѽôûؼң
һʣһӴﵽſڡ
ûʱ䣬鶼̫á
Ϊ˵Сı仯
ԭҶȷñԴ˲¶û¶óȥ¶ι֣˺ʶǣΪҲõ˺ܴ
Ϊǰһ¶Ծ̫Ӱ죬λǰֱ֪ӷʼ¶أ
֣ҶۻһȲˡ
ȥԴŷ֣ʱıһΪ󷨡
ȥһּأ͵˼ֻʱղؾ֮еĴ
ʱ͸ʱķ󷨣ʱֿ¼עһĸ׵Ѫܹͨпʱ
˵ʵ𵽼ӵáֻǸʱֻһĸ׶δŮǻˡ
ʱ˵ֻѪǿèȴǸΪ˲󷨴ʦһֱݺӹص󷨣
ӹɷŨкͣȺӳ󣬼ػӹء
ǵճĺӲܴɷŨĺӹرϣֿ¼Ǹ󷨣ССһŮĲϡ
ǸСϵϣʱı
ʱͨпʱ¶ǣǰж͵¾˸ı䣬ĻԵȻˣָоһɣҲҹĵ
ԼҪˡ
ǷֲףҲѰԭɣ
鲻θһ£ˣЩ¶û
ֻһǿ͸¶ϢΪ˲Сװɰװʲôشһֶд
ҲûָشʹѾ޳䣬ɽš
ΪһֻĿǰΪֻڵİʶţſһǿ糾͵ط˻
ŲӣſڵСԺɵøˣؾͽСԱڵң𣿡
ɽţαԺӺ׼ʳһһڵϣ԰ɣϲĹ⡣
ɴЦЦǿԵúܵ䡣
ͷװԷһֱ͵͵۾Ҳ죬ǿ޹
ӣʣ϶˵
¶˵û£ϲǡ
˵һ˴ڰЩģȥɽɽתת¡
㻰˵ôˣĹעеᡣ
һ̲ԥŵɽɽǱߺæġ
ͷ۾Ʒˮ⣬Ƕˣҹɽϣºڡ
˿˿һڵƬһЦúãҴȥ
Ͻֲ֦˸ı˿˿ڱĵҶǺã컹û˯
룺ҲŲ˯Ҫ˭۸Ǽ
Ǳ¨ȥúܣû˯˹ȥأͻһᣬ˵һײ˱¨ϡ

𼬲ݵӱ͸ɱ񷢺ڣɥʧ˴룬ôվѿ
һʮغ𣺡˵˵ɷϵ֣þԼû£Ȼֵͷϣ
δӱ¨ķ϶⿴
˵ӺǸ£һʯͷһ֣㿴ҷʱ¼ӰʯװúͷһֱϣӶδٴ򿪹ôֵܹͷϣ
еӷõӾǸɱ񷢺ڵģԭض£СؽٿͷӸԼ
һŤͷӰʯٶصòĳЩΪԼֲ͵͵ʳڵĻ԰ɣ
ǵͨ죬ŵͰͣҡûУ
Ӱڰ֣ҽ֮ͣǵ죬δѿ˵񶼲ϸ񣬰º飬ǽ𼬲ûг磬ܷ⳥ɡ
תҪߣֻͣ˵һƷʯһĻᣬڲ죬ط׷
ӵٳֵֶ࣬⻰ʣһʼʹ⣿δ̫ѿˡ
תһߵǰԹ²һƷʯ
ŵЩ̫ˡ
ǰµΪֻн𵤳ڣΪԱߣξ̬ǿӲĻЩô
ƫƫ˵úܣӳͷȭͷˣȴʼûһ
ʯԲϰݣԼ죡ʲôʱҺͣͣ£
бһЦŵ˵ò۾ˣĻôĶ֪
⻹̣Ծģ
δӱֱ˵ˮڹϣһССĽ𵤳ھҶ˳Բѷӣ
´ŭйķ磬һƴðĺԡ
ʱӦֲˣΪ¸ߣѹ׾١
˿˿ˣֻӲͷƤϣԣƾʲôˡΪߣ͡ǲҡ
Ͱ͵رԼ뷨һƷʯ
˵ʯֻԼֱͦˡ
زһµϵЦŵºٹ
ˣδüɿֵóͬǵѹˡ
Ӱʯ⣬ϵװúͽʦΪηָǵȴǴƷ磿
£ЩܻܲǸ⣬ôܳõ磿
ʦܵøǸ˵
ȥʹˣܱ߶ûϵȽ𼬲ݲ˹Ļ
ôΧţˡ
Ͳԭ͵Եʣû³֡
⸱ӣһŮһʧ뿪˴ͷԽԽĵѡ½ȡ񣬺ܿ죬ƬĵӾ˸߰˰ˣʣµ˶һ࣬һ˵ʦܲ취ͷʵûʯˡ
֪Ͳѡߵ˰
һСֹʦ㸺ڵĽֽҲ
㣬ִٲصҡ취ӡȡȻ
Ǹ˵ûʯĵͻȻǰһధ󣺡ʦȻûİ취һƷʯˡ
΢΢һʵʵȥӡ
Ҫˣ˱졣
֮ǰǸ˽ͺʯһҳȥϽ
ûʯǸĵؽסʯƤЦ˵л뿪ʣµ˳ʯ͵ġ
ǵ󣬸ɽɽֲֲĵֻʣҪȻ̫ܡ
ʦܷһʦ
ҡͷ
οӾ֪˵ʲô϶ϵʦ
βһ˦ֱӺᵽߣȻĻ˻ȥ
ؿ˿˿
һۣ˵С⻹鷳
Ƴɱֵ˵ͣʶˣ˵Ļ˵ģ˰
οһС⣡
ֻҰŵһ飬ֻͨˣ£
ʦٶʮĳڣֲһ;ϵʵӹɣǸ£ʲôҲңһ֪޲޲
а˳ɵİգǵֲף
˵ʱԱߵˣӺ޲졣
βͼοһˣ㣬ʲôţ
æʦ㣬ǽСֻǴˣСڷǳ񣬺ǹ
ֲɶ԰ɣ
˼Ͽһ·Ь涼ɣ˲Ѳ¡
ɻó
һ£һڵֲ顣
ǽֲϢԼϣ糣ͷϵƽ𷢣Ʋ۽ǵĻơ

ͷϵķٳ˿ɹϸƲ
鷽ʽйر
죬ͷһϢŵɱǱɣͻƱԵֻϲǿຮļ紺Żһֱûͻơ
ʶóѩĽûʱģϵĽ޾͹ˣԴ죬ͻơ
е˹
һлʦָԽ򡣡
ӶһڴؿȻεĸúñ֡
ǣʦ㣡
ȼӱߺСʣôô˵ȻҲֲ
Σھشֲ࣡
ڶѾǰֲʦˡ
СӲݣ˲ԴΣʮ㣬
ôأû׷ʵ˼̾˿ջ·ϣҾ͸˵˻
˵һ٣ɫء
װֵϻ
ǰЩӾҹüˡ
ذ壬ϵʦҸʦ飬ûӦ
ΣֽţҲǽڵֲʦΪ㻹ԸһЩ͵͵ʳЩӵԣֲʲôţ
˿ӡ
зŭѹȻڵ֮ǾȻЩ֡
֪Ǳ˿˻Ժҵ֮һȥһ㡭
ҿЩӣҿİޣûڣҵϢֲܾ
ʵʵؽľϻͳ򿪺ŵǰ
ֻһС֣ʣµĶˡ
ΰװ䣬ȥǡ
Ȼ˰壬μѵؽ̽Сأŵ̫˯˯ȣԺ˯ҹͻȻ͵
ۣͿһԶҡҡλεƮ˹
ʲô
һָֻӣ
ָӾȻܴĻɽ磿
ôɽġ
Ƿɵҡҡλεεûú£ܹɳ壬ûκηӦ񣬱Ȼֻڰ壬ֻǺ棬λôһֻɶɲ
ţָӴĴ˽˵һϡ
ţ⣬һֻƯ𽣬һ飬˿˿ˡǣ˾պ
˵ֻ꣬һҳֽ
ֽдС֣Ťͷ飬㻹д
ֽдĶЩ¡
˾պѾ磬ЩҪŰºܻصڡ
׬ʯˣ׬˺ܶ࣬Ȼ֮׬ʯ
˾պ˵飬һʿϲѧķдֽϣϣ˿˿ѧᡣ
û˯⣬ſ̫ţſʵѽ
ȻûƣԷ󼴿ɴ߶ޡ޶
˶ҳͿʼϰûþһֻС񣬴ֻһôɰ
Сһ仰˾պҲѧˡ
㽫Сߣͼһֱɹд˸
βͼѹס񣬡ô
飺飬ԽŨԽ˾պֻÿɲˣֻƮƮһƬҶӡ
ֻ͵˾պ
ŲβͣŵǱѹ˱һƬС񣬾һ̵ԼŮ
βͽֱӸɢˡ
εϾ嶯ԣ̫ˣѧᡣ
ؼʱķҵصȵҵҪдĻ˿
Σ̫ˣʱ޷򡣡
ɣǣҲ޷ʱ򣿡
ΣдӵʱҪҪʶһ£
϶ͷ˼˳ڣйһͨ΢һЩా÷۾ҹ򣬵һ취ֻɰգ˿˿ȽӸҡ
һͽӴС˳Ѿװڡ
ӽͳľϻݹȥ
ľϻһס
ԭɱ񷢺ڵȫÿӯֻҪܷ̾ѿ
ţ˵ʲôȴֲ֪˵ʲôźá
Σƽ֮ʱԱߡ

ûٸʵףСԣŵлл㡣
ʦߵʱչ˺˿˿
˿˿һֱչ
һڵʿһֻΪġ
ͷ¶´ΣһҪ¸һ
óھ˵Բ۸˿˿ģ
һԣ
Ⱦ͵ö˵´γٽ͡
ǣŬԼëֲʦ
һŵʱֵһ౳¨˿˿ϼȡ
Σ
ÿ¨ζʱڽš
֣Ǹʱţָڱ¨¿٣ٵβͼ飬ݲý¨βͲܱ֡ܲˣ
֣ʱ򣬽Сͣٶ죬ͻȻĬ졣
˻θ̾ˣҪ˶þҪ޿
ңһС
˾պôˣɶʱͻƽڰ
գͻȻá
˵ʲôУϵ΢ЦҲάֲס˵û㲻Ը⣬˿˿ҲԸ⣿
˿˿ҹϵãҡ
ζҶӱ¨ðͷҲø磬ֱһ³һˮ
ҪڿͻȻЦͻƵʦˣ˽ڵɣΪ
䵭Ӧʦˡת΢Цŵʦָз
ҲЦһŲ˵ȻˣھΪͽʿɴھﻹΣСʦܿ˵
Σ
ͫһһ
ǰֽ϶û˰Ѫɫ
̧ͷʱϹ˸Բ̫ȻЦݣûҺٵǾ
⻰Էһ
ȥķˡ
ȭͷٴս
ʦ㸺Ƭɽ˵һ㣬Ƚڵˣֽ񲻺ʣ״ڵͷ
æأͲдʦˡ
˵գקǰߣ߱ߵʦҿǿ
ι˲鷳æ˹ȥ
ߵ𼬲룬οɿ֣Σ
˫΢Ȼˡ
ȥοεڿУų˸Բ

һҲˡ
ָԼɣһ챻ʮصǸɡ

μţ֪ӦǶкøеģãһԵ
ӣֱֻȥɡ
һĹٿȥʱѽ˻С
ŮԻ
Ҵʲô
Աд˵˵ԼˣҪһӣ
ܹ죬Ҳֲס
θ̾޵ĸ渴ӣҲˡ
飺㲻ӣ
һػش𣺡Ȼֻ˾պβͼ˸ȦȻһ£ֻСصһӱô󡣡
飺
Ȼӡ

ϻص壬¾ôˣϴ͵͵Ūû֤û׷ˣ¶ھϵ֣Ҫȥζеˣ
ת뵽ųҲԼҵģλ̾ȰҪ£۰׳ĳڣʱ㱻żֿȵĴأرʦںö˶£
Ȼô
Ŵκ㣬ñŭҪʲô˵ˣǵĽҲˣ㲻ٱңҵͷ
䣬־ͷһ£ʲôأΪֵĽΪʲôã
Զ٣һЦҸɶֽš
ȻеǾֱ֣ӽнǸǾʮԵ֡
̵ǸǱΪ˰Ĭúء
Ҹ˲ŭźһ˿˿
μֵܣӱ
ƢƵһ˿˿
ô죬ֺɵԵ


59 
кչ˺ ξͷģҲͲȥֲݡ
¨տʼʣм˯
գ ˿˯㣬ͼҴҽ ˿ҡѣҸ˵¶
ͳƴСĿˣ 򿪺󣬾йھӿϷ ǵĹھ һЩصļ ޷ŵɢԼһЩͽʿ˵ʮѺˡ
ֻһ̣ھжϣֱ˻£ԭȥΣڵݡ
Σ
ڵĻô𣿾Ȼйģϸ ±ѧᣬû취
ϸ˿ǸˣԺð󵨵뷨
ɣ
϶صͷ ˾պŪġ
ѿ˷ת ¶˵ײһӡǡһͷСԡ
Ϊ׬Ǯˣұ֣ áװʹ ҾȻ˾պȲϣ
֪Щʲô𣿿ˡɷߡϣ ˵ģŮ˵Ǯ׬޶Ź
ЩֵĲݣرϲЩ˶ڷ׷ءҪսŵĻɽһֻڣЩȽ̫ߵûνڣҲһֱûѰһֻʵĴֻδк˾պĲýɽϵһֻƺ׸ˣ
ɿ֣ǳ鶯£˵ѪôðǺˡ
һؿСԣ˿˿Ҹ˵ҪһصĲݣǧš
ŵһ£֤ҿ϶ݣ
Աߵ鶼ö˼¡
üһ˾պ漰Щ棬ҶԭﲻģϾ˶ۻƸ˭ڳôЩϡŹֵ
ؼǣֻҪ뿴µûġ
ǣһ˾պЩʱ֪˵ʲôźãͼĲïɫ㡣
һԱ߲ųһǽǵ鰵̾ǲ˵˰ɡ
ҹٵһǧˡ
Ŀ룬ش𣺡Ҳడ
ࣿƮˣųȥ꣬Ҿʱ䶼ڷ䣬һ£ٻһǧ飬ôãҲ͸ࡣ
õĹιСι˵һ̫ˣ˵Ұߣ㿴ɲɣ
Σã
Ҿ͸
ؼɶʱأ
Ͼ˵ĵ½ţֻƲҲˣһϰ
˯ǰξһۣɵˡ
Ʋ¹Ȼˣ
ʱֻ¹ʱ·
ڴ
˾պŪѶĶҲȥֱӻذҡ
˵ˣ
ץʲô취ҵһ𣿺ֺ֣һ۾ܿҶĸж֡ϣܸܵҳİʵʵػذ壬Ʋ档
飺
룬ֱҡͷû취û취
Ըа취ˣ
棺У
飬鵽Ȼ벻ٵİ취Сɵʲôð취
ε˾պͻͷϣҪû˵ʱ򣬻ðͻһЩԵİɣ
飺
Σ֮ǰģϸٶʡ
Σ飬ܲС
εĴߴ£ֻܽ˾պ
ͼµС۾ԽԽֱؿͷϷӿࡣ
ۣ֮ٵǰ۳һֻཱུ
Σҵָӣ
ȥɣָӣߺͷϵ˾պҲʧһȻÿ
ʲôʱ˾պûԼ
ƲǻԱݻ𣿡
ͷ
û˵ǣڵĵӿ쵽ˡ
ʱҪסĵطɽɽڣ𼬲ݵƬɽ԰
ƣڵݷڣʱѪȷ磬治ϣСа
ʵ
Լ򵽵ô£ԼҲŪףˣʱ棬һһˡ
⼸죬ÿ춼ھԡ
Ǻܿ͵ˡ
·̡
졭
ͻˣ
˸磬ԼµĻ봩˾պ͸ףò״﷭οͰ͵ӣһΪѡ
˼ͷԼӵǰôݵ𣿡
ôʱôࣿΪһûǣӵԲһȦ
⡭
ýȥ
ͷȥӺͿסˣλЩû˳ͷ˦˦ʨӡ
ȥæʱԸˣˡžգĻŪˡ
ǲҪȥſڵȸг⣿һ˵һɡ
ͼд˾պˡ
ηɵøһЩ˵ףǻϾ˾պΪ𣬱
˵ԭľˣ˾պӲɲһΣܵڣ⣿
дȥˣ
Ϊɵúܿ죬ӶһֱߵζڿУһ֧ײεǽ
дԭ˾պԴƲºʱ޿̲ط꣬δӺӵιȥƲ£ЩƲ»һʴڣ뿪û߾飬ڻ϶ԿסԼͨ׵Ļ˵Сʤ»飡ѹ꣬һض񡣡
дٶȼ죬ǰдǽ
αתݣκοЩֶһӻŤͷˮ֪ĵԺӡ
ˮ֪Ժľɫûб䣬ǰããѩѩк÷ޡ
ﲻѩȦŹţѩ¶һͷ档
ʱסľѩ£һ䡣ѩĶƽ࣬ôǿܾӰȥƲ£ȥɷȥˣ
飺ɷס˿϶ûáԭɷȥܸһЩԽӰ쵽УƲһӣٴɷڵò£ʱƲ»ûظҶһԴסʡͷɷҲ̫ġƲһ΢Цܸ˺þء
ͷѩ˵˵˾պҵôô֡
ѩдƲ飬ֻܷɲ
һֶ뿴ˣ԰Դ˽ȥ
ΪУΪԤʾţܻҪԸʹʧȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãĲѩ
Ժ룺ˮ
ǰ
ţͷϵĶǱָĦһ飬͵̧ͷ
˾պѩָĽǼ⣬ѩһɾ㣬ô
۾ʱֺÿģëóѽδڵͫ￴ԼɵĵӰͷŤһߣһ
˾պ˻
֪ΪΣθо˾պ΢΢һͺ񣬱һ
ôͷˡ
ȱıȦʱ˵ͷ˾պؿλã˻һͬʱҲܸоŲһ롣
ôӲͭƤǣôܱײʹ
ͷųһʶҪ鿴˾պ·ʲôƷԸʶ̽
Ǯ˹
ýǽһ¸ղײλãôˣ𣿡ΪﻹӦţֱ·ȥˡ
ôϵûô죬ȥ
˾պһЦûУʹ
ָǰһСԵͷһֱβͼ˾պ㣬ˣ
һӾըˣƨңȥ㡢ĵط
ίûйһҧ˾պϣҧȥʱﻹ룬ָƯ޳ֺÿġ
ҧѪѩغ÷ߣ
ǲһЩԼСôԽԽӲˡ
һ̣͵˾պľʱ
Ż²ʲôȴӹſҲþڱˡ
˾պȥΪûءٴ˻һû˵ȥˣǵ㣬Բ𡣡
СٵǰԼӣû˵Ҳû֣ôؿǰĺԡ
ܰ
ͫīܴ￴ԼĵӰǶĺ컨ۡ
ĪİһЩֵĵȻ
ʶ뵽ǰЩӣʼϵˣǰصεĪӿ죬һͷС¹ͷײǽھ̶֮
޶˵ĻʮֲڵŤ˼ӡ
ͷϵ÷Ҳ֪ʲô֣ͻȻƮ˴Ļ꣬䵽۽ǣ峺һЩ˵ů⣬ձãӵġ
˵塣
ֱ˾պһ£˵㡭
λ΢΢ʣʲô
Σ϶պˡ
˾պüͷˡ
Ҳڵʱ򣬽һ跹˼ҡ
ֺֻõ֤ݡ
Σ
Сӿ϶ڳң
һ˵
˵֣
ڵȼһѻηһģ˾պѣͷҲصĳԸԺӡ
û˾պסĿλãһѱѪʪˡ

λصӣ
һ˾պǾе̼ôǸոһ˲Ρ
Թ˾պ̫ÿˡ
ԩ
ʶǿ󣬿˸£룬ǻд˼֡
˾պжӡ
궤Ŀλá
ո˿ڣѪˡ
ǸӦøոնȥá
ο㶣ʲôģ
飺ҷŮ֮࣬˼ĳʱ궤ѹӶʱǸˣǶθ顣
дʶѲ˾պʼͺˣд֣ʶˣ
һ⡣
ʹѵЩٿصˣ
ĻشǡȻᣬ˾պ
ڣ˾պı֣˲ԣʱƵķ
⡭
ѵ˵ﻹѣ
νд˳ʶˣ
ҿɲԸࣿ
θ˵͸Ͻһļ£̧ͷ飬ͼɿд˵ȥһʶѣҲӰ첻˴֣Ǹ궤Ƕ࣬ܲסᷴɵģ
ҸոշˣҶ۵õµĻԵԭûеĻԵӶֲĲʧҲ˵һЩƫĴڣⱾҪ˳ȥ
߾ñǵػػˣҲϸ֦ĩڣ⡣
ݵصôֱһң
飺ӥһֻϣο֮ϢȻĿǰһЩ󣬱Ͼֻ飬Ҳڲ׶Ρ
ұɲЩһ£дһϵƣҲ㡣ǾˣԼѣѾƿصĻ޷棬Ŭȥģǲ֣³ֻһҷ𣡡
ΪӦ֤˵дһʺը죬һ˺Ļ˰ϡ
ؿ
ͻأðͷ飬ʲôϵ
˵ĻȲأ
š
ɵ£һ̣Ȼѿ
ĺƬ˱øӱ䡣
˾պʱڱ﷢
㣡
θоһֻ̽˱ӣֱֻڴʱͻȻůʱƵĽʥ
һ˲䣬һִ
סĲ˾պѩϣԽĵܡ
ȵһֻ䵽ϣԴʱνõɣȻûеһʱذ壬ԭˡ
ܹѽ
궤ĿڣԪ񣬸жۣ
һֱֻۣһ룬ûսֲ̿
˾պЦЦϣʼ
ЩĶ鱦ΣϡŹֵС
鶼һſڴϣܿŴ
ȾƥҲȡģӳģԸɫʣ˺еʦѷ¡ȹȡʱһϼķɳʡ
۾ֱˣ޲̱ΣȻڲųʮʮ廹졣
ؼʮ壬Ҳһܱ˰
ֻǵȵȹմʱ˾պüͷ㣬鲻ô
ȹϱɫĵǾ׵
θоԼ޴ɲأ·ȫ¶С
ֻܵ˭ûֱӻذ塭᲻ܿƵ񡣡
Ϊ˾պġ
ȴֲֻΪġ
һѹƯȹǰվȥ
۾ȹϣĿԽԽȹӣɫҲ𽥱ǳµգӳϣ»
˾պóһƬ͸ҶҶϸתȦҶӾԼӣ´θ¼ӰʯʱҶͲôˡ
ζʱеΡ
ʼĵʱģһһܣҶѹûء
仯ʱηƬϾȻ΢΢ۣԴ϶ҲŲȹӡˣʲô˼дˡ
˾պԴصѵԭ𣿡
Сԣ˭Сر࣬ˡˣһ۾ܿ
ţȥʦǡ
鶼һд˵öԡ
Σ
(/أ)бһ
㣬ⲻˣ


60 
˾պĿڴٱ䣬 װĶϲ
ͷ˾պϣ۰Ͱ͵ؿԴԴϵͶβͼػصĲŵ飬 ӹʱ죬һ㶯
̫Ҹˡ
ֱ ˾պ˵ڷ䷢һֲèɡ
뵽ʲô ʱβͶҡˣ ٴС
ĥԱɣ ֪᲻ϲ ȡɵĶһЩ﷨С裬͸оһβͳ˹ͷһ£ȥ
ߺӲôβͻۡ
βקס ˾պһɻؿǰװͰ͵Сԣôˣ
αס岻ܶͷȥײ Ǵϣ ᡣ
޺ĥޣ
ȻҪֲݣ
žһͨ ˾պˣ ͵ԱûЩֵֹã ֻ㿪ġ
һɵض۾
˾պ峺Ŀ̹һصЩǰġ
ģֲֻɣֲߴһʱͻɷɹȥҲͬˣЩݶǰֳġ
ͣ˵ͨˡ
֪˾պֲɱ֡
뵽˵Щر׬ǮڵĻɽ޶Ҫ˾պݣ̵ǰֵģԭ׬ǮҵǱ˵ġ
˾պʣ˭˵Щ׬Ǯָһ´ϵ飺Щӣ඼ǻ׬ģ׬ǮЩ˰ᡣ
˾պΪƷͷƷƷһһƷʯƷһһƷʯ
ɵˣô󣿡
˾պͷǷλָҵ֮⣬ҽλͻ˷磬㹻ǸԣһĲƱԼԱ֤ǰȫɷͿܡ
֪ʲôʺ̫ֲӦ磬ҡ
˾պҡҡͷǸ΢еʵŮ̫ˣ򵥵ķѧ˼նѧᡣ˵˴̧ͷۺݣ㣬鶼ѧô졣
Ҷѧһ²ܻó񣬿ɽ㡭
λûʲô˾պôһ˵ˣڱţεʱЩƮƮȻصǣ˭֪Ҵ
һ£˵ǰ˵ʲôԱøҿ
˵ô˵λеģ˭֪˾պֳʲô
һţӲģһջ
˾պ˵ǲģȰèɸʦ۲۲ʦķӦȷûˣٸ㡣
ĵôϲʱ϶ԸʱԲݡôںʱõĽ
ô룬ͼСԿͷԶԣʱԡ
飺ǣ
ʱöûˣ˾պèɷϲ˯˿ϡ
źúݣͿ˿˿ڳӡ
һſ̽
ɫСԣƱ˴źɫȹŮӣ촽΢ţһŽӲӵӺڿС
վűߵ˾պʶ´
ɽߵӣĿڴʹһȡԺǸһЩ컻档
Щ˫ͼʱκθдＸ޲
ΪԼЩȤ
Ȼ˿̣кֱֹǾ졣
ǿűߣ˾պۣŽЩԺߵãʣ벻뿴ڷ佻ѣʱ·˼ĵطҲӰʯ¼Ҫ𣿡
Σпٿ
ͳиһû꣬㡭˾պĿǰοǰ뵽ЩʶһôֵǮĻʲôӣǵĻҿ
ҪʶʲôȻôᣬ׬ôʯ
˾պˡ
һ뵽Щý㿴µȻ̣β
ƤףǺ͸ѩϵĺ÷һۡ
㲱ôô죿θʣͼ˾պ̧סӣץ£
εʱŲһЩ
ڷ䵽׾ʲôһһȥ᲻Щˣ
ô죿
Щ飬űСӡ
֧˾պĲһȪһһ˵Ҷ塣
˾պҡͷûˡŲԶ˵СԱػУ˵ʱˣ˯ɡ
λŻأĶ𣿡
˾պԴһġ
αſŴ˯ˣǰдٵģ﷨ﻹиջõġôϷܻͼô˼㿴
̾ˣҸҪֲû
Ҹ˵ѪһЩ˫ϷˮĻ棬ⷽ棬˭ܱȵڣ
飺
㿴Щдʲô˾պȲˡΪ׬Ǯο˷Щ±ʿæˣϻĵӣû˱ࡣ
ȥ˾պĴ
ԼϵĴӡ
һȥξŵһɵζʶ·ͷϣ˶Ʈ
̫죬˾պûüֹ
˾պͿ˴Ȼ󣬾Ͳˡ
ĴǲܳʱģѵǴƷ̫ͣýˣ´ΣһҪӵһĴأ
СؽͿҧԱɵĻߡ
˾պ
˷ЩèǺһ浹è
˿̵˿˿ҲɣԴҡΣ΢ɳơ
ӳĴϡ
ͼȹ⣬ɫҲͷˡ
ԣԱɣû
ֲȫΣ
Ĳݡ
Ȼʱ⴫һŭ𣬡ҡҡҡݣ˾պ޲磡


61 
˿˿Ĵ󿪡
͸ ܿ˿˿ڿһ͵ݡ
Ӻһը˾պ𣿾ȻЩ߰Ĳø˿˿
˼½ţ
һ巢̶ܶ˵궼һӰ졣
ͬʱ һƬƬҶһİ˾պŭ˾պ㾹Ȼ˿˿ֲݣ
˾պָ΢΢£ ϲ壬ɱէ
һ̣ ָɿûκη ֻת ͬʱһ
ʵס󶣶һء
ٴδʱ ѳǰڵôܸĶȥһͷԣ
˵˿˿ڣֻڣڲŽɳڡ
Ϊ˿˿û뵽 ҲѪǲ֪ڵĵˣ˿˿ȥ֣
˵˾պڰʱס˳֡
ԭӺúýһ£ȻĻ׼ŭ ˾պһƬ⣬ ʶȻһϸ룬ֱӴʶ
䣬ԺƱڰѸɣ ˿׹Ԩ
ǰֻʣһ΢ʱ һ̴ޱţ ǰ˹
˿˿ڿЩݣһ߳һߺߣβͼҡǿġֵı֣ʳݺ跢йֿ겻
˾պ˵ͱ˵ɱ˰᲻ˣ˸ոûҪɱֻǸ㹻Ľѵ
˿˿׼ĲǲͬģԱɡԣӦýн㱡ɣ֪Ի᲻ϲֻ⣬ǲϲ
һЩһЩͷĬ˾պ˽ͣ߰һʦ׼ͬèɡ
ͷŶð亹ֽűѹʲôèɡԱˣ㣬޳ʵ
˾պͷ
ھ޳ʵҲҪڲ׼ȷ˵ܶڶ
ȫ£ھʵֻ֪һұԶ֮
ᵽ˱֣ٶ£ٵѾãŪ鱮Ǯֱ콾ƣȻǱˣɵŮһǣʱǸ˰ضѪȷ磬ھһ˴󶼲ϲķɫҿ϶òһ콾ĿǰĹǱǿȣ˭뵽һڵʶôǿ˾պ
Ѳˣ۾ڷ⣬Ե쳣˷ܣ뵽˸׬ʯĵӡ
֧ѹ˵ô໰ѹʲô֣׬Ǯ
Ϊ˾պһϾ뷽跨׬Ǯһ·ˣ
˾պҡҡͷҲһֱڡһȡǰͻƽ𵤡
𵤺󣬽άΡʦ˵ģμš
ֻУַ⡣
ذʦλһʧ
Ĺ׷ѣȻñһⷢ

һ¡ڷĵ£˸ָࡣ
ˣʯΪ˭¾ܽ𵤣
ң
ո˾պʵŵˡ˵ڷӦ˾պȻֲûй鸮Ϊʵл񷨱ģ󷨶û˵˾պֻŻģûɱġ
ɼŻҲĨȥѹ֮ʱǲ˾պˡ
һԲݵСԣ̾˵Ǻðɣˡ
˼ֻͷʣǲû⣿
˾պָͷ˿ϵèɵҷˣҪøʦԣ߸ǿҲС
֪ʦʲôʱ˽øһЩ
˾պֱʩչץ裬˰
趼ӳˣֻܽסԥһ£ʣû󱡺ɣ
˭Լ޺أ
˾պûС˵һ˦䣬Ŵѵһȫա
ôԾ
ԭûߣʲôطԡ
һèɣŶҸովȻʱޡô
ţԾЩԾ
ȳ˰壬Υ֮Ѱô˾պް
ҡ
ݣ
ˣ¡
˿˿ΪڵʿƳ޵裬˵޻ΣҪҪ˿˿һء
ޱܻΣԻεޣô
ʱյϢֻ̫һȾͳ˿˿侲Ҳȫˡ
תΪбʲôȱݣǵʦǻ˵ɡ
ڣ˾պϥأһڴϢϴ
޷
˾պѾ˯ŵСԱߡ
ǰһḧ壬Ƭ˾պˣͬͶ¯Ȳ
˫ֺ޴ţؾصؽǰ
ôһԾòӦͷԱߵСԿãٿ뵽˰취
һ˲ͫƱˮϴȻЦȻ
תʩԼһͷԴһЩĺԡ
ţԵú̫ࡣ
˾պѵҡβͣúܹİڶ塣
β͸βһ𣬾ǣֺ˾պرۡ
磬۾;òԡ
ζεԼڶƣβᡣ
ԣ˯ʱβͲסӡ˿
ȿǰһУԱ߾Ȼ˯һֻԣβͻĲһǸԱɹȻ⣬˾պԵ󻹸ֻԡ
ô˵·һٲ
ϸԱߵĺԣԽԽޣԾҲǸǣڳҽǣǻǸСİԱߵĺ෴˸ǲ˵еǸҲһ
鶼ȥˣд侲ϸʿĹǧ򻯡
Σ˭ۿĳ侲˯һֻѹϣ侲
飺
ʶŹ
˵꣬βشߵĺԣսţȷʵû޺Ϣ
˾պ
ôûѣ
飺ն궤˱жķԪ˯
룬кСֽ˸˾պȼһ㡣
굤˾պûѣξ͵ڣֱſھϡ
ǰЩӴҶæûʲôϢЩ˵ǺɽɽѽãѾб𴦵ʿ½ˡ
˾պҪڵϢ
Ϊһþϵ˶̸ڡ
ǸھţۡҪԶ·ǿԳֱӴԽƬΣͱ麣·̡
һֱò¾˼ɫֱѡ
˼䣬ѣ
λѣһǣ͵˰񣬲ߡ
ȻߣڲˣǰĻڵŮӣ˶ˣ˰ضд䶯
ʱȫµ˶Ͷչʾǵ˱ϣͶѣȺٸĻϾǵ֧Լҵʦǡ
ĻҪʯġ
׬ʯĴûᣬѲ㻹׬һĻǮ
ڿ˼׬ʯء

οˣѿ϶ǰ˾պơ˸᲻ϣ֣ҲҪƲһ¡
Ĳ£ѡ
紵ɢƣҪƲ²ڽ¡
εһʱ뵽Ǹʱ㣬Ҫɱֻ
ԪӤˣ߼ĴˣôԸˣ
δ֪һʼдˣ֪˾պһҲõ󣬺ܿˡ
һΣڸŴһ£С֮ĳͻԼܲ֡Ŀǰ޶꣬˵µĵ֮˳ͻԸҲֻ⳥ʯʦųһɲò֡ӿʱ䣬нӹݵ˶أǩԼ򲻵ڡ
أڵɱġ
ΪʲôЩһڣЩǿ߾ر߽磬ӹݣӻ棬ͱڵĹأ
ӣ˺ܴãɹֿأΪͬˣڵǿڳսռϷ磬ӣû
ԭû׼ʩѹơҶ۲üһأڡ
ܹЩһˡ
ðɡ
ȥ飬ǲǳء
ڲܹ⿴д֣Լȥ֤С
ȥɳ
˲Ǯÿ춼ɳ档
Զ֮ʱڣȥʱ䲢̶ʲôʱȥԡ
ûжɳӣɳһòƵ˦һβ͡
ιȥʱûβͻȻ˦ȥһβ;˦ԴԱߣβ˸Ȧ
ξʹβ˳صԶ֮Ƥ¡
Զ֮ôˣûȥ棿˵ڵǽˣ֡
еĶ
һ£˵̻ὫһᣬϻһƬۣ㣬費Ҫ
һ죺㲻ϲԼҪ
Զ֮λ˳ֵ̻Ľ񻷣ýƷ̻ᣬҸôԶ޷ͨӰʯж٣ҡһ£˵͸¶Ҫ˼ۼ۸Ȼᷭ
õ̻һʼǴֱңҺһ
ܴ󵨵ļ۸
̻˱ʱԶ֮ǲдԩͷ֡
ܾˡ
ܾˣ۲ŻΪϵƷᵽʲôʱУδȷܵõǱ߾ۼ˶һЩ˵ĿǰȥĽڣȻһڣҲֱȥǧˡ
ζţҲӹѽ
Զ֮ΪҲɵҪۣҲðس۾ģҲ͵͵Żݡ
룺ҲŲҪۡҶۣ
룬˵ôôˡ
Զ֮ͷ΢΢̧𣬡˵СߵˣֻǸ˰ɣʲôţ
ҡͷհף˵Щģѣ֪𣿡
Զ֮룬ҡͷ̻鲼£Щ̻ǡҲԼˣǹܲô࣬ΪǵĻĻʵûġ̻ˣɲˡ
ֻҪԼ棬ö֮Ҳᵱġ
Σǰƣ
Զ֮ҡͷʶʿһöƽۣͷܹɻԴ졣ܹӵ飬ɻС졭롭
ɹߴϣεƷֵ򵽼ʮ򲻵ȵ飬ߴϵֵʯɣ
е㲻ˣ۾ֱ
ҵ裬ҵݣҲôһݵλƽۣҪҪ¿һ£
Σ
ʯң
Ŭ֧Ҫ
ΪΣ
κһŮ޶ҪΪûʯҸ˵ҿǮˣ
Զ֮ǰǮˡ
Σ
ֹܾң塣
ƫƫòֻ֤ܵȻҾֵǮúܣ˻ƽңȥʿǰ˭ΪǵСǮͰˣ
Զ֮һϷʵؿ
ŲӸӣߴʲô˲ǹŷ˴أʮˣǰһǮ
ȻԲܱ˳Ц׸ҲУƲ˭أ
Զ֮ͷٴظǰǮˡ
ȫһĻΪͬȫһ˼
˻ϣͷԶ֮β˵Ȼ֪͸ģһɡ
ʼɳӡ
Զ֮棺㲻ģ
СһɳӣСȥײһͷСɳΪģӣͬķٵӡ˺öС
Զ֮
һµһСѵЩι״ɳѣ˵ҪԺ㶼ɣ
ۺֱ뿪ڡ
˾պѾΣС
ͼ˾պҲۡ
ʣ׼𣿡
˾պһ£ҡͷ
̵Ҿ֪
ֱӷɵ˾պ䵽ǰʱĿˣײӲڿͣסˡ
˾պס˵Ҹʦèɡ
Σʦϲ˿㵱ߵʱ͸ëţôʱ㶼ᾭó档
˾պ΢΢üŶ
ԭ͵ﱻӣĺĻв
Ҷѽϲֲˮ
ˮϲʲôһʱ벻
Ŷ϶ϲߣè
ĻϲԶ֮׬ʯԶ֮ŪˣͰȷһ¸˾պĺԼˡ
۾һҪĻ˫ؼ
Ѿˣȥѽ
˾պͷ߰ɡ
ηҡͷȥҶʱôˣյ϶
ʵϣ뵽˾պûãöϢ졣
˾պá
˰˵ϲá
ݼڡ
ǽϲˣҲŶעһЩ
æ죬ǵ֪˾պָòˣ˾պš
ںܴһֻˣ˾պϲʣһֱҲŲӸ֣գνҪ㱳¨
б¨˯ϰ˵ġ
컹ûδš
˾պȥ豳¨˳㽫Լ׼õ˹ȥ
˾պ֮Ŵľӣͷһ飬һԻ룺Īֲͼף
ѹ˾պ˵˿˿͵ġ
Ϊһڵֲʦֲļʱ򻹲һֻԣ˿˿Ȼ붽С
ҪҪȥһ
ܱܲһȥɽɽҺɣһȫǲݣʱΡھﵱʱ򣬿ǴԼöֲ֪࣬ʶʵúء
ľӣúٷŽ﷨
һͫ׶
˵һҵϡ
ٴθֳ˾պ˵Ļ
˿˿˵ҪЩ
⣬⣬⡭
õѪƿ˿˿
t_s


62 ֪վ
Ѿ˱¨ ˾պߵ˰Ľϡ
ڽҡζ¨ϵҶڵԺӡ
˾պҸչȥʱӦлɡ
֧ӣͷϣ ۾ɵԲʣ˵Ļ𣿡
˾պͷ
ŭˣ 㲻˵춼ûţҲû˽ ˵ĻȥŪĻʵ֪˾պУ ˵ģ ֻʱ÷ ڴɲݸȫע
ڣסС˰ɡ
Σƭӣ
ƾʲôҿ
˾պǿͷ˵ڻڣܸ㿴
ЦһҪȥ
Σ
뵽ˡ
ˣ Լ
Ĺĵسȥű¨صҺʱҲ׼һܵĲѴ룬ǰѷɽ֮У Ҫʱɡ
ٸ㡣
˾պӦһ ڴ·ࡣ
齲Щأ˾պƣ ʣı߰ ҿ˵ڶ˺ܶǳȥǲҪСһ
˾պͷ ʿۺӹݣأҲࡣ
̵ŶÿӶýˣջûȥðɣ
˾պЦһ£аţѾˣЩ⽫Ǽȥ׬ʯϽɸ󼴿ɣԣҵǺúǮҪȥƵʱᰲһЩѲߵɡ
˾պ׬ǮС֣Ҳʮֿصģ
Ͳȷ˵㰲׬ǮóΣ񡣡
ΣǾͺá
խ͵ĽһһеúܣЩķ֮޹ء
ǳ磬ϼƵɽߡ

ѣڿʲô
ɽɽϣ塣
ɽɽһɽ壬õǸ߽󷨣ڵϿ¿ٵһƬءУڵɽΪ壬ڵĵӴסǵޣڱ԰
ѲϲЩ½ᣬͳԴй
йһۣһڰգ֮ųλԵһЩһƬ֣Ӹߴһ¶ˣϲ࣬׺ɫɴڰڣС
ߴиǧһϮµǧϡ
߸ߵʱ裬Ҫ˷ȥһ㡣
Եĸ߿ϻһֻɫӥ˿̣ʻľǾӥϵӡ
һѣʱʱûһǧѷɵøߡ
ѻͷ˹Ӷʱͣˡ
ۿ˶ٴΣ׵ȡȫıУ׻ķ˲սԸΪ丶һС
֮ǰ֪۾ϧ۾һ㱡İ篣Լɼ۲˳ŨܵĽëڰ¶͸һīڡ
ʥֶ࣬һС˺뽫ȦڻĴ
ѣڿǱߵɽϣˣ
Ĵϡ
˵ʱĺ촽һһϣ뵽ϵĺӣң޲ҧһڡ
ûõӦ΢΢죺ʦ֣ûѵҿˣ
õ۾λ࣬۾Ҳ֪ʱܺá
ŤͷѴǰķǸطڵĴɽ󷨽Ķ࣬нΪڵǲóȻʶ̽ģֻƾȥܿĶ˵˲Ƿ񱻿ʶð
׵Ǹ߽׺ӥӥ߱üã˿ؿڽϵˡ
ǳ׵ˣŲߣ˸¨¨иʶ󷨣ҶͷӦװֲ
ѣǰɣڵİ塭Цһͦġ
ף˻Ѳݵ˾պڰϡһ£ǸˣӦþ˾պ
˾պ֣е˲߬װʵΪѽѲݵˣʲôģ
üͷͦƽһ˰ɣΪֻڣ߿һֱ΢΢̣ȥ鲻׬ôʯȷֵøˡ
ͨͨһˣ롣
һڵĵͽʿܵ÷һޣô
ֻһ̣ͱС·ϵ˾պͻȻڵķ򣬷·ڿн㣬ײ˲䣬Щš
ɺϰɣ˾պôܿü
һɽɽ˽磬˸ǡ
Ȼһ̣ͼ˾պڽ϶ɽϿһĽۣͣȥ
׵ĻԶ
ڣֲʦʦŲֵĻҪʰӦúܼ򵥡
ôû뵽ǸСආš
˾պһʿڱܻȻʼ޷ȫϣ˵š
ʵϣѵ۾ѹûˡ
ֻµ޷ϣƤıͣ٣Ψ۾촽ûб仯
Լ촽ҲúÿһǲôΥ͡
Ȼ˫ķĿôĸ룬ǷʱеĲյҲ޷⡣֮£ֻðۡ
˾պ
˾պĵõա
ͷһͬһͷǣܿ죬ռȫ
ѡѣ
׵ѻѣ޼鷢ʣôˣո۾еۡ
׵ŶҸոտ˰Ѿŵ˵ʮ
ҡҡͷ΢ЦŵҲŲǸ
һصһӦ㡣
ü𣬡Ʋ£
ҡͷδȷţµһ˷Ī
ЦЦһ̫ѨеۣϢˡ
ò̶֮߳ԼɾҪڵϡ
ǣ
ȷԸȥȡ¹ڴͷĽɫ
Ȼһֻ
һָ϶˻ΣָϹγ̶졣Ҽ˾պˣɱܽˡ
𷢳һУϲΪļ£ɾȻͱߣҲͰˣΪһֱڳ裬ǲɱҲ˿ϣ
ѱĥˣ
ϧǲܽޣĻҽҲܱһϾҲһ˼ꡣЦָתӣһȺϢɡ
˵꣬Ϲȼһ㡣
̵ȼƮīڼеƮһɲһҶ
̰Щ̡㡭
ѽ
ǡ
˾պű¨֡
ʱ˯һᵽǣ֧ڱԴ˾պϿ֡
˾պеͻȻ¿磬Դȥüˡ
ΣС쵰
˾պ¼磬ҲЦǰߡ
ζû뵽˾պȥ˷仯ô
ڵıǰദ̫
ڳڻڵĵࡣ
洦ɼ޵ʿǵƷҲ廨ţϷɵģܵģˮεģӦоС
һȺ
ǵģһȺͷֻģֻ߰СģÿһֻҧǰֻβͣԾһ
װֵģŻ
ͦóԵġ
ڵһӣߺȣʳޣԽȥʯģҪҪһֻ⣬Ǳ˵
һֻҲ׬ǵǮʵ̫׬ʯˣҾһǸѣҪһƷʯ
ˣǿȥԽӹصǸ𣿵˵ʮƷʯһΣ
˾պһʱ˳
ʱ˵ͬԺӣͷݶó߸ˡ
˾պɡ
ڿ˼׬ʯ
ֶ棬һڵһԲεĶεܹ᲻ҿ⡣ҿ˵Ķ֪վͨӣǰ޻κʲôӣǲÿȻ˷һŻεǺÿ
΢ЦֻһƷʯֵĻεȣǲǾëëˣһ󡣡
ʱ䣬󲿷ֵӶΪ񱼲йĶΪϣеӵģһƷʯ治ʲôڳ󲿷ʿ͵ó
չûܳʲô
ӵڵҡͷңҡһڻԭػ𻯡
ɣ˭֪ǲã
֤ܵһ²аɡ
һȺڵտһŮһЦһָŶ
ĵæףʦܣ飬գ
˲⾵⣬ͬŶ㡣
ϸֵǲǣˣȺҶˣ󲿷ճһѾ
ףЦͷޣ㾭˯ʳޱǺģ
ôһͨȤǹ˵£Χ۵˶һЩ
Ҳúܣͷ뿴ϧףľӲصýѹ棬ͲΪͦߣռʶ˶С
صһ˾պ
ҪΪͣڵʶĻޡ
͵͵һۣҲ˾պͷĿؿôˣ
Ҳʱ˾պоһ˹̫ھϣĴĿߡ
էȻֵĴĿߣ˾պڵۡ
ֶ棬ڵףؿо档
ʳ޵ʱ˶ʿϵĲмԣƫһЩֱյ˺ϣѪϡ
˾޴ľϲ
ŰƴСһʤѩĺڷŮתա
տɫ˫ĿԣףԼһƬƮƮƣ궼Ƭ̿ա
΢΢ǰʱ·𼴽Ӿг̽ĺϷˮ첨
ףһĿֹЩɬ
ףʦܣôˣ
ôסӲǿƭ֣
ףŻ񣬵ͷ֣ոʶֱס˾档
ֻԻ˺˫ںƷ綼ܴѸθڡ
ñ˿Իκ
Ҫ
ף彫봢ָУ˶̴ȴ
ɲǣһ׵Զܿ죬һֻȭͷССѩӥףͷЦЦͳһŽɫСιϵѩӥ״ӣᵤƷѩӥƭ档
˻Ȼû뵽ֽӣڵһλţ
ʿľΪ---ԪӤ--ɽ--
޾֮Ӧ˵ƷѩӥֻҪ㹻ﾫĳɳ޿Դﵽ޵Ķɽپ
ڵӵΪأף˳ȱκԴĻδܽɽپ
Ҫ֪ڵǰڳɽء
ҵʱʶף壬Ǹ
ܵӣѲΪ˺棿
ףƶˡ
վͦɰأ֮ǰƤЦֽʱˣ۵ĻҰ׵ӷҲһ㵭Σĵ»
ףɨͬš
ͬŷӦ죬̵ףʦιСѩӥĽӹһƷʯһţ⻹ֻƽʱԵ
˼Сѩӥһһ̶ʱѾʮŽӲӵĹӣʱ̾˲
δյ˾պ˵Ҿһûֻ񡣡
ǹӣеóԵӣԶԶŶһ㡣еżڣˣ
˾պ򡣡
˵ʱ߽ף壬ǸڵӸոտ˽Ρ
һ̣ף󲽹ҡ
ֻԱˡ
ԭ˲Լô󷽣⻰ʱˡôһأ
t_sĶˣ
˾պû˵
Χ˽ǲλ
϶ǰ̨ϣͳǺڼһߵ˺ܶ࣬Ծһֻ
˾պȻ뿪һʱ䣬Ĵ˵رڳʲôѲԼһЩ⻰ҲѾڣҶ۾͸ӵġ
ϻλø
ףҲû˾պУιСѩӥĹףźԵ벻ԣ
нǣ˵㣬ңгԲ߽⣬ֵ֤ġ
η˸ۡ
Զ֮ҪҶûӦ
浱ûɵأ
ף΢΢üģոմӺԵ۾￴ŨŨ
ףһѪ˳գպнǶ³׵Ʒ⡣
ΣҲǲнǣֻһһų
ݵ걳¨ߴٵߣߡ
˾պ϶ġ
ǰ޼֮
˾պĿɨСѩӥצӣץǸɷ
ǣǸӥצ
Ǹӥצ˵ɷ֮档
ʶɨӥצ˾պתߣȴϣף徹ǰ޶ڲҪȻֻ˵дãִⲻϡЦһ£Ͳ󣬾껹ԶҲˣ֮以дһڹΧ֮ڡ˾պȭ񣬡ҸСֵԵд衣
дҲǷЩʯԼĹء
Ҷ뵽˺ӹݵ¹涨
¹ʲôݱС£СԼ
ףĻλεвˡ
˾պ鷳˾պֻµͬţ£ܱףǿģһֶֻù
⻰˾պǰĻɵõ׼ȷĴ𰸡ոǹȷǾĹ⣬Ҳڵͷ㣬Ӷ
ף壬Ŀ˽
˾պô
Դ֧С
ףЦһ£㿪ۡ
˾պָһԶ̨̨Ӯˣġ
ףϵЦ̣Ŀ޵ؽ˾պ´һ飬ģ
һڣԼս
ڵˣôЦЦ
˾պʣҪҪ
ףЦһ˵öԣҲˣԭ˻ãϵøɸɾܰĸң


63 
ڵ޵÷ Ϊ׻ȸĸ
̨ĸ֧Į̇Ҫȥַʽ һ˳̨һһȥһ֣ Ȼǽʯ޵طȥ
ҪǮ˵ κ¶ܸʯϵһҪ ܺһòŮԱź  ֻҪʯһнпܡ

ף忴˾պ翴һˣ̨ϵ㣡
˸ָͷëСѩӥ̧ͷתʱнһţСѩӥףͷ չ˲䣬嶸Ȼ
Ƶ˫ȶһ쫷磬 ܵʿۡʵһЩģ ޷֮Щܡ
գۼ䣬ףΧͿ˴Ƭ
վԭ˿˾պüСˡ
һڣ Ȼѩӥվȡ
ףһ㣬 ѩӥϣ ֱ̨
˾պǺУջĿ󲻻Ųæǰߣһ߻һ߸С˵
˾պаĴѶûУ
εѽ˵͵ͷβͼȥʹ䡣
˾պЦЦ˵߰ϻ˽̨ľ׬ʯ
Σ
ôǸȡ׬Ǯʱ䣿
̧ͷһԶĸ̨Լǳʯף˵˾պ߷ôҲϰʱ
жǿİ˵׹ˣ
ϵ˰
İʾѾ֪ˣڸ·ϣֶͨν̨´˳ȥľҲˣĿǰвڵԩͷףʤ
ΣͦĬ
˾պףڸŶϢúܿ죬Ƭ̣ѵ˾֪ĵز
ɽɽϣܻڷҶƿ̨ʼܡƵһء
ֵµ˸մϢ˵ʱԸ˾պ֣һǰĵӲ׵ô˾պ⣬ʱһնɱ˵ʱڵŵ֣ԶʵС
ͨͨǷһҶһǷһŤΡ
Ķ̣߰˰ˣҲ
ʱѶٴö洫Ϣ¶ϲүڰҡ
˾պף壡
ǿף尡ڵ콾ף壬Ѿ˽ڵʵǴ˴ιһŽǰĶǿߡ
ף˾պɣ
Ц۾ǶЩб沿Ťɫɪɪһֻǿޣ񣬶һͽŮ޷ĵظе־塣
ѣ⴫׵
ЦȻֹŤεٻָԭλ¶һǡô΢Ц·һ˲䣬һλ
һӣѽջش﷨ţ°ڷµӻȻһ¡
һкųȥӦʦ֣ڡ
ףףҪڵһսȥΪ󡣡
װ֪飬ǵսԷʲôΪ
ףǸ˻Ѳݵ˾պڡո峤˵ˣսܣֻҪܽѲݵ֮
ͷһ£ȭͷָ߬Ƕģ˵ڵֻ̨зֳܽ
׵һȺֻҪʯǰֲ£ʱǳϻԳ潻棬㲻õġ
Ѳݶ̫ҪˣףһߵǶ޲ڡ
ͷ΢ᣬҲЩڣ֪Ǹ˾պôһ͸ӦսӦŶԡ
緢˾պɽҲѿ˾պ
ûܰסᣬʵǺĪ
ѣǹȥɡ

ףվ̨ϣһͷؿǸڹһǰߵˡ
ڣѾ֪Ǹڵʿ˾պ
ܲԶ
ֶκкͬšöء
Ŀ֮ߣ
ų˾պһڽѲ֮Ȼڿ˾պǺʲô֮ףֻŭգ飬Ūͷԡ
ɱˣף˿̶ѽ˾պŰɱǧˡ
ѹһʱ䣬ߵ̨¡
ףԽԽ̲꣬ס̨ѿûзʸ񣬲Ҫʱˡ
˾պţԾ
ף壺ڹ𣿡
θ˾պ˵Ļ㡣ҽȥ
˾պһ棺ô
Σ˵ʲôͻأˡھϸѧģ׻˵䲻ڣѾ˾˵ľ衣
˾պ˵Ҳˡ
Ҫˡ
Σ
˾պ˭ңҡԭ˵ɱ˭üĿڵˡ
Σ
ƺҲУ
˾պ¥ݵʱԽԽ˳
̨ϵλùսҲøǮڼ۸񲻹һƷʯɡ
ڵĵȥսѡҲ࣬վһߣμ
ڵƲ³ڹս̨ʱһСɧ
Ʋ½մݱȹɽ軨ƣֱϲǳɫɴͷϽһʮţΨһɫβһŽǵ㾦֮ʣ˸Գˡ
ҲƲˡ
ŵض˾պܵƲµӰͻȻ衣
˾պûΪƲµĳֶʲô仯̵ͷף༤˾պأΡȻ
ģҵģ
ҵÿһϢʱ䣬µעǶӨӨʯ
̨ʱǱҲһɧ
һͷñİŮӳڵĹս̨ϣñɴŵ˼£ư׷ǰףûаƣҲԿ
ۼŮϳȹӣѸƶƶɵƾȹΪʽŮԴͬ˸һֱδû뵽˸ҴȹӴ
ѣ
ʦˣ
ʦã
λÿǰŮкѣ͸żϲ½ʦ㣡
鷳ã½ʦķȥʱǰѾÿһ·ֻ˶Щӵ紵ñɴǡñһֻƤ޸סǰûע⣬ñӾȻȻرƵ¶ڣòɷ
ΨһװΣǶϴŵɫ׹ϸϸӣ˿β˾Ө͸ıʯ顣
ŵĴ磬ȴΪ¶ԡ
£⣬Ŀ
ʧ
˲䰲䡣
ֻצӿɴߴߴҽв˻ع
޵ͨصǸʦ㣬ǸǸñӡ
΢Ц˵û£ˡ
سɴû˵Сһϲ͸ˡ
˼˻һԭͷһƲñϣѲҪȥ⿪ͷŷ֣ںڵĳϽһľװΣƺи֡
ѽ⿪ͷ
ɫ̫ÿҲûзǻߵ̨ߡ
Ҳʱ˾պԽһ̨ףȵվ̨ϡ
Ѿڼˡ

ܵ˵˾պ˵Щֻܸ
ΣǸѶԲԣ
ĻѹƲµķͷ
˶ŵĴ磬ѺԸʤһڴҶסˣڵĵӶ۰Ͱ͵سѡ
͵Ѻüۣǵ˾պƤôеһأ
֪ǰǵ˾պ޷ϵһ
ڱ¨д֣ĶҪһɵ˾պ԰˾պǻŵģ飬ʹãõ
õ󣬷˲յֵȻ᲻һˡ
ΣֻĶ
ڵĵӣòԼްɡ
ʶǿᵹûֱӵڷûϡ
κ֮ʱף˾պҲʼ
˾պоĽ޶ֵ˵౳¨һң
ðͷʣû⣿ԸˣҶԸ񣿡
̧ͷѾСվףͷѩӥŲʩչѪѹ£ʤж
֣ûС
ֻСѩӥнڵʵֻڵֻһۺ񣬸Ӳˡ
ˮ
Ħȭƣսһ
˾պȥ
Σ
˾պԹԴţϾͺá
˦βͣÿϲ
˾պ˵⻰ʱûˣףŭһȳ֣ѹֱͷţԸ߽ʿѹס˾պ˾պ¹
ڵ֪˾պйԽɱ˵սףûκγֵĻᣬ֮ƽ֮ѹžһⷢ
ͬʱѩӥһ˾պϵı¨ɹĿǱ¨ĺԡ
ף壺Сѩˡ
ѩӥؼһźצһץצץס¨֮ʱѩӥͻȻһҽУצ׾Ȼ͵սצ顣
ѩӥɲǣף𵴣˾պʶ۳룬鸮ʶ
һжڵʯ֮䣬ս˴ûŪʲôͿѩӥˣףͲĿɢ建Ե
ף壡
ϣʶעⳡս峤ɫ䣬ֱʩչسɴ̨̧֮磡
ĵæѾˣ鷳˲䣬̨ϵ΢ʧ˵̨ѷֳȶ
ۿ峤緢ʨһ˾պʿҧһָʯĳ۵İ֮
˾պµһʯשȻ⣬ԭվ˾պȻ̨һط󷨽λС
峤򿪽磬ɱͽܡ
ǿߵѹʩչɽѹ£Χ˾㶼Զ
ԵʿɫɷףѪ
ԪӤڣֱʿѹʮֳȻʯ򶨵ص峤Ī˽ʱǩԼС£Լ
峤ӥʿ㳬˰ɣ
ʿͷһ£ôûˣΪһԪӤѹסˣöĳôҪΥԼµıϣ¶ֻ²ˣ
ǡʱһŮ𣺡عأӹݣ
һº͵Ů˵ס֣
ͬʱ⡣
һǳǵĺ⣬ѩһȻĴ̣簶ḧĴһᡣ
ͬʱ峤࣬ݺײһ
ûһϡ
ȻƵನ׵˺Ļϣķµۣ䣬Ԫ֮𵴲
ʱ䵽̨Ϻһü絶ʣӷ񣿡
ˮ֪Ľ󣬿֣߳
ǡʱս̨ϵİͻȻǸڵǿ˿˿˵ʲôɱԭˣ˿˿ɾ
ˮ֪ԭǳʱķߵģͻȻסüתӳһ仰ӷ񣿡
峤Ƥһ鶯ǣǡ
ʿ˿ϽվԲС֮£ԼһкҲԼеҲʹʧͽһʱʧأҪҪ⡣
ѽڰ
峤ɫѿôˡ
ף״ӣһŵӣһζΪ⣬ΪˮãȻǾͲ׵һڵ
ͻ
ǿף壬ף尡
崨ףһ崫һɲɵϡ
崨΢΢һǣ֮¾͸Լҳ嶯ˡ
ǰףʬֿһԵڵϲҺֹѩӥ䣬ǰԿ̨ϵĳ׵ѩӥˡ
ڵӶ⻰ʲô˼׵Ľ
Ŀϲһǿ̱ʹı飬ǣʦ
崨һߣ׾ͷ̨˵Сѩӥ
ľӥѩӥͬԴСѩӥľѪľӥҲмϣƷޣ
Ȼʱʿֹ̨ϣΪΪʤУʦʬ壬Ҳø˹ȵ˼ƽʲôѩӥɲУþ˾պͬſԡ
ðȻصȷˣ˿ֻһ˾պҪ٣
Ծϸ̸̨ۡ
ܲɫƤİվһ𣬾͸ĵ̿
գ´һñѹʯ
˾պؿһѡ
ϳòҲϳ
ͬʱ˾պ֣ѵĶ׹ҲǸɷ
ԴŵɹƲ۴ɷ֮ɷ洦ɼһ
˵Ǽ¡
ΪԲٿЩڵɷ

ʯĳ˵ѩӥ뿪ʿҲ׷׳룬ʣµʿûߣ˸ߺ磬
Ϳʱڵس嵽˾պǰһ˾պϣߵ˾պϥһЩֱӹڵء
ڵ˲׷׸ǡ
ɷ˾պڱ׵ʦһĻǻ᲻ᱻ˾պڣ
֮ⲻܿģϽ
ȥʰ㣡˾պʱְѱ¨ĺԸץҲžž£㣡
˾պߵʱû㰤һ
һ̣ʱֽ˿˿ڻ˵ߣȻȥ
գۣ΢Цõģʦ
ʱٴһţǣһֱ˰塣
˵չʾ˵Ľ֮ʱϽţһ·ǰֱߵ˴ɽǰɽŴʱͣ°ӴӴؽ˾պͷôôӲ
һţʱԼָͷˡ
һ·߹èˣ
ȻԼСԺʱ˾պ£Աʵſá
ʱ˭ǵܵģ˿˿Լˣһ߳ȥڼߵ˾պʱڽŻеء
Ҳ֪ݣҴȥ棿Щڵˣ޶͸ˣЩ껹ץڳô»˽úܣƽʱǣãԼܵƤӵ»Σ
˵һضεǾȻûƳݣʱ£Էȥؿû˺üѲŽ˵˿˿ѪеⰡ
Σ⣬ڵúá
סᱻڵʿʶơ
ΪˣŸȥΡԭȴû취֪ˡ
ʱʣΪʲôָСǲʡģüʱµóԸ
˾պ뵽ոձ̨ϰһ仰Ȱסˮʵ֪վ˽պ϶Ҫˣ˸ޱıȻǱ˵ˣֶݲɡ
һڷһҳ֣ʮŻӭؾ
ףδܳһʱ䶼ںӹݣ˿˿㣬Ҫ˶þͿ˵ݳ֡
ף忴
˾պȷ󣬾û뿪
شʱȻͷаɡɣҲϿɡ
ŭ˾պעŤͷ˿˿һӱԲˣҲǣܱٳŰɣЩʿͷЩϡŹֵʵڷ˵úܡ
˾պͷʦѵǡǵӵĴ˸յõϻӣǸղڸ飬ʦ¡
ſϣͷɥವһ̧ͷ
˾պǡòͷգһֻۣ˵£С
Σ
ˣǾ仯ôòá
Ȼֺ֪ʦˣ
һɱŭʱһʯãЦúϲ£ˡ
ʱӹϻʯ򿪺ֲ˲üͷϲʯһϻʯȴܸһֵĸоͷ·һĶ
һԵ΢΢
ʯõģմȾħϢʯȻҲմһЩħϢ
һ˸оħӰΣǶɽǿ߶ԲڵĴһֱδֲס
Ȼʱﵱںӹ޲󷨣ħϢУʱںӹϡˣἰʱʵħϢΪУΨһ쳣֮ˡ
һҡ
ʱͷʯ쳣Ǿ顭
ʶϣҪٳƫˣѾסˡ
ǡʱʱüͷʣ˾պϴûУ
ϴ˼裿
عʯϻӣְѺ㣬ȥˮϴ飡
ò׻һˣ뱧ųĺ˯
ΣT^Tʱ
أ˾պ۵ң


64 ͨ
ʱΪ˾պġ
ʦģ ͽü꣬Ŀǰֻͽ
֪˾պӷʱгɹ ɷúãø
ԭõ鼸ܻ ðͨ˲Ϣ¥һΪèɵĲݡ
Ŀ´򿪵ģ
Щ˴Ц
Ŭƣ ͬͬ·Ĵ˵һˡ
ʱţ Ҫú÷
è̫㣬 ¾Ϳˡ
֮Ҫ Ǵ¸ϻǡ˾պüʱĻ˭֪᲻ʲô⡣
ʱʿǶŸ߽ʿѹ˾պ飬ˡ
ѵͽܣ ʱŸϴ˿˿˯˿ϡ
˾պ͹·¡
ʱ棬ôҲһ˺ˣ ɡˣ èŪģٸһЩ
˾պҴ㽫Ժĵطֳ֣һèɣ һԱɡ
ʱ۾һ ҹɫǳҫ Ͻְ
˾պͻ֡
ʱǵõȵʲôʱ򣿡
˾պգ򡭡üԹ˸һ¡
ʱЩ˿ˤȥգڵΪûڣת뵽ʵԽ׻ɱڵף壬ͻҲûʲôֵˡ
ɷɷʱҲ֪˶ĵرˣ˸ߵǱ
ܵЩ࣬ΪףҲʲôֵĽ¡
ʱͷãҾѳӣҲлǱֲúܣͻʱɷ⣬һ׼ܸס˵еɽϢ
ɽ鰡ƵĴڣѹɷ´࣬Ҫͻƣ㶼á
űӣһؿ˾պ֮࣬еۡôôùĺӡ
˾պǹĳӣʲôʱܻʲôʱܻԣʮǰͻơ
˿Ѿ˯˵СԣͻƺӦ۵ûô
ʱҡͷ޷ϻڵʿҲҪˣЩŶúܣɱɱǵǾͲú̸ռЩˡ
ϻЩ˲ϲɱɱóԻ˵꣬вǾгܣӣ뿪ġ
ӦÿԺͺϻڵʿһ³ɡ
˾պͷãҾ³ͻơ
ʱҲ˾պôţ˵£˵ҿ
ͼ˾պȡһʯǲǲҧ£ţڶ飬顭
ʱһ˫۾ɳͭ
߯ô˭ס
ʵ֪һܽʯô½һƷʯĺĹԭðѾˡ
һ룬ĸ
ԵĲ顣
ʱǺһ䣬ôֱӳ飬ѵ飿ŶӲʩչ⣬һĻһ
˾պش𣺡˿˿ϲ
ʱ
룺ģͿʼҵˣҵ
˾պһЩƷʯûټͣϥС
ʱ˾պһЩΣٴ߾£ʪ󣬽ͷ΢΢ʪ

ˮ֪ĵͽܣʱûסڰ塣һС¥ƽʱ̵ºС¥С
УѰͻȻ裬ֱۺʣôôӦˣ
˾˾˾
û˵꣬ʣ˾պҪƾˣǸϽȥ
Ա׸죿
ðɺðɣֱ塣
һȥʹѣ嵽˾պſô棬ʶ˿˿Ȼ˯
ͷ̾һͷԣûֻڿ죡
˽׵ʱҲҪŬ߹ȥҡ˿˿
ʱѵûֹ
ΪҶã˿˿İ˯ʱ򣬻մΪá
αˡ
۾Ϳ˾պͷ˸Уʹ˾պűɺò档
ʱͰеע£ӲͷƤ޵˾պԱ̳˸Ҳʵ̸
δ˺öε֪վͨ
εû¶Σ֪վһЦеͣһһǸһԶͺСӣ֪˿˿ʲô
ʱֱľӣϸ֮һصҲ޲áڲﻹѪš
ԲЩˣŰ˶壡
Σ
ʵûͬ塣´ѩϣϤҲֻչˣһֶֻꡣ
ָ޵˲٣ǸͷСɰᳪ衢衢˻ĵģоè
屻ŰɱͷеζͻңҵӶù
ѹµԹ˲ϾʱΪͬʲô
尴ʵԼѪ˵Ƚɭϡ
ѪһѪͬᱻΪ
ȥʲôҲûͬԸ֧֡
ͷ̾˿Լô࣬žžسµ桪ڲڣ

ʱ̸ͻһŵʣǾӾҲ޲᲻£
ʱⲻ󣬲ԺҪˡ
ͷͨӦûϵɣͨһķѧ˺ֻҪֻ޸޵Ǹ޹ͨ
ֻҪʩչͨʲô
һԹؿ˿˿˿˿ʲôѵҸ˿˿黹
ʱ
Ϊ˿˿ޣ
˿ޣĻʱʲôҲ̫˰ɡ
Ҫ˵ԭ飬Ӷעʹرԩ
Ҳʱ˾պϢڽһͣȵΧŨÿɼɢҲۡ
˿ԼӰʯ
룬ǽʯͷݻ١
һҹ֮ףȥӰ̫
׬ʯҲ֮ｫ˾պƵ˼ϡ
ᵽͨĵ˾պ벻ѧͨѧ˿˿˿Ŷ
˾պϵСԣҡͷ
͹ˣ˾պֱܾס治Ҫ
˾պһؽͣô֪һ֪
Ҳвܣֱӱ¶ǰ
ȹĽ㣬Ĵ
ҽ֪
һ
ȻʶΪİ޵
ǣ˿˿ѡ
һ˲䣬ѵǵͨ졣
˿˿˵һǸ
ָǸ
Ҳѣ֪ʲôֻǹԹڰԴ˲ĸ첲Ƭ̲ƶǶػش𣺡ߴҪѹŶ
ζˡ
żҲ˾պأ
ȫûʲôԣ
ǲҲҪ˾պ̹ף
治ǹİ˭ĪǩԼš
˵ǲ˵
ʮ¶һ䣬ǲ˵˰ȡ


65 
ҽȥȹ̾硣
ʱһۡ
ͻҪȹ̾͵ɱޡ˶ս ҲҪͬȾĿСӵãǰ廨 ǡּң
˾պԣӹݵʿԽԽ࣬ ҩ󶼸ˡ
ʮͬصͷʱʱ յƸһЩ𣿡۽һ˾պܾСͷҲ һ·ˡر̨ ̫뷨ˣ
ʱҾ
Ȱһߣ СһɻϺϻȺҲҪˣһֱҩʶ࣬µӰԼĻòϳԲյζҪƳƷ ͿǵĴ
ǰϻڵʿĶֺǹͻ֣ᷢ ڵʿǱҲѷɫ ɶǲյĹͣ
ҾͲǲĶ
̾ߣ
صӣʼ յǧٻأ ۾ܳɹ
˾պΪ׺ Ϊʶܵٴμ˵Ϊ㣬ʶѾ˽𵤾ż
Ҫ˶ãͿ߳ѪɳĮ
ڵҲˡ
ɳÿ춼ãɵӲߣ
СͷźõҩҺȡһ¯Ʒյûټ˾պԼϴ档
ڣ˾պٴγΪ
ԽɱˣּԽɱˣҴˣǸףǽڵʵȻôˣ
ҵʱڹս̨ϣȫûףôģҷ۾ûգһ£
һֳھϣ˵˵֮ԪӤΪ
ʵ˾պѩӥˣףҡһɲǽʶ۳룬ֱӴף鸮
⻰һٴη
ʵһ˵ֻԪӤڲڿԴﵽ˾պ
ɡõ˼ƷǣֱӽʶһСء
ҲԪӤں󣬲ԪϴӸֽѽ
᲻ǻдö࣬ܶʶ
֪˭Сҹٳٹ顷Ʒɷһۣ˵Ʒڵ󷨽꾡ɳи򣬲֪޵Ը裿
򣬻롭
ۿ²²ԽԽףζЦöۡ
Ȼ˽ȥƷ뷨ٴðͷҲ֪ô
һְĿŲ˱ϡⱮѾǵıȻҲ˺ܴ仯
һѡ
ڶĽۣǸðŮޣ˰һ·ɱ˵ڶ
Ʋڵԭһİѵߡ

ңQ˼ˣôţɳʼжɳ
ڣ˾պߵߣСԴϣֽ֪ȥˡ
˾պû
ԭڴϣԥϡ
ɽɽ󷨽硣
ʶܿ
ģֻһɷ
ǰѵĶ׹һӡǣԵɷɷ
ʵߣҲΪɷϢɱ׾١
ɽɽϣһĽ룬ںݺݵشܳ޷㿪úҲˣڽһһ㡣
鼫ӣ򵥵ҶѾ޷йĵķŭ;ţֻܽЩ㵹ϣ
ڵ㶼ûɱôһְγÿһþͷϵĶڶϸϸĶǰҡΣüײա
͸Լһ
ˮһī֭
ī֭ο鶼Ⱦ˻ɫ
ѹûע⵽Щϵ׹ضû֡
һ̣Ѹоϴ̰ľʹʶһգȻ壬Ѫҵҵ
Ѿгţڵĺ׹ײһ
ͬһʱ䣬ϥ˾պŻһѪڴλãǰԵɲǣֳס˴ҡ
Ϊοɷѣܵɣ
ոһ˲䣬˾պһֱĸоǿҵΣëȻòɱѺ
Ԫ׺䶥̣֮˿̵˾պ죬̫Ѩʹ̡
ѳɹѹƵɷҵ˳ڣŵĻɽٴ緢˾պ۾ѪĿ֮һƬѪɫʶͽľϣصһ졣
ݵطɢע
ѵľͷ˾պ룺ҵһ
궯һҪݻǰһеȻǿǹɳ嶯ǰԵմľмְѹһβϡ
˲ǹɺݾҲСȡ
ֻһͷˣûѹ
βͼôϸ
ͷ˲ѹһУ˾պ𽥷ɣҲ𽥻ָ
ɳڣΰһС쵰ѹβˣڵֻһʶжʱӦġΨиԪ򣬲Żʧȥϵ
Զ֮ͷ⻰תͷʣʱ߻бˣ
εͷ԰
Զ֮룬˵
һ£ֵûпȫεˡ
Զ֮¶ˣС룺Сһ᲻ң˵
ͼһʣӦǮ̫ķհɣ
Զ֮ûзֻ׵Ҳô˵
Σ԰ѷͨͨңҲ·ա
Զ֮΢΢һЦ
˦β˵ˣҳȥˣС쵰Ծء
˵꣬뿪ڣ֧ſ˾պǶѪ϶Ⱦ˲Ѫɫ
Σ˾պôˣ
ԭǹˣֳڴϣһ䣬ǰ˵°ͼոµıϡ
μæΣȥʦ
ǰڳͱ˾պקסû£ɷɣʦ㣬һ¡Ų˵Ǹ߽㡭
ֻ˼һ˲ѡ˺ߡ
гСֽˣؽ˾պ̧
β;˾պϣȰϺһŲյ˾պܲ
һžƷûеĲյ
ԣܹ壬С˶ֱӸԭ
ö˶˵ģôɷأδչȥţûоʲôɷĴڡ
˾պţܿȥʱ˵Ҫҵ̨ϣǸڵŮӣҸоõƣ
ɷұɷϢؽȥû뵽ɷɣشҵԪ񡣡
α֪һν˸Ԥ
֪ΪΣһֱڲܶƳ֡˾պҲùŹ֣ԭװһӣ˵ʱԪٴξʹѵƺ߳Ӷ
һ˵ǿػʲôķɣΣ̫³çˡӦûڴܳһʱ䣬Ҳôġ
Ϊֻڣǩ˹ԼС֮£Լ£ܸʦ
ʦ鷳ģô֪϶Ҫֱɱ塣
˾պص㣬Ҫʦ
۵ߣ˵á
û뵽˾պȻϳơ
Ѿ˸
Ȼѹ֮£ʧˡ
޷һжΪΪ顣Һɣ˵Լ
ֻñۡ
һֻзڳС޷Ǹ
һ۽ǻֵ˾պϣһ졣
û뵽һ̻˿˾պʧ㣬ޣû¡
װġ
˾պ´ǣʩչϵѪɾնصһҲۣ
ȷװͬ顣
ýֱᡭ
ĻҼװֻӲͷƤϴ
Σ
ݵβͳ˾պ£򣡡ȴģһҲס
ˣ
Ҳװġ


66 
죬 κ˾պû뿪塣
תֵʮ壬ѵ˴ϡ
۵Ժʱĵڶ ̧ͷͿ˾պڴһവѡ
һ ֱߣ ɷëȣ ͦ ɫȴ ɫ̫á
˵Ѿָ˰ôѪɫ۵ңĥһ㡣
֪ĵ滺Ԫ񣬼ʹá
صȥѧĹ
Ϊá
Ҳ֪ΪΣǲ⣬ķҵúܣ ֻˣƢ
μ̧ͷ˾պ˻˻žž˦βͣ ҲЩ ҲҪҪҾҪ
˾պ۽һ飬 ûӦ
ʼռǵðĻ˿˿С ڡ
ɷ ǻع顣Źŵѧ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ
ɽĽ㿴ȥͱ
ʱ㡣
ʵϣʦҲ˵ֻ̼ܵŻǰΣʱĽ㣬ΪǰԳεġ
ϰ˽㡣
ȴܣĵǽ㡣
ܿЩ
μ˾պԼķˣ˺ü˾պ˾պ
һߺһóβͣ
βôһ飬۵Ըֵˣһ˫۾ˮģȪ
˵꣬κЩԡβأ
ѽˡ
֮ǰβۣۣȹӣ뿴ǲȫˡ
˾պ֣Ϸѵһ죬׹棬عס
˾պ͵ؽͷת򴰵ķ򣬽ٿӲߵߣԭڵĴ׹ؽ
󣬽Ůٴδ˾պ
ӱӽ࣬޹ġ
ʹתעѽ
΢΢ͷ۽Ѿ鵽˴ϵٻӰ
ſͷϣһֻֻקŴʣƺȴûֻܳŴɴ
Ǵǳɫ߹ƣȥڵȹ壬֣Ϊ
۽类һգ˼£رۡ
ȵʱҲ̲סŤͷ߻شߣ뿴
̧ͷ黹ڽëأϾѾЦݣΪʹЩŤһģ
˾պ
ȹ磬ĻһӣȼյĻ綼ϨֻʣһͷΣǸ
ڡ
εͷСף뿴뿴
˾պ벻Դһӳģ
ȹȡһƮȹסεǲ˳ʱΪ촽Сס
ʹ鲢
ȹӣǳɫ
ȹڻʱעȻȹôѽ
þûˡ·κҲ
Ƿ£Ѫɡ
ҡͷҪۡΪʹ̫Ѩͻͻȹ˵ɵʣˮ𣿡˵꣬ſڣͷ
ڲҧϣֵͺһۡ
Ǿʱˡ˾պƮ뿴ȴ־ÿĶʡ
ֻԼ
֪Լֶ̧ûʲô
صҴٸŪһˮҪվӡ
ŶҪӰʯ
˾պ
ΣԼȹӲѣƬֱʧ
ӳȹ
˾պô໰ΪַȹϰŮ޷µƣˣ֪ȹô
ֻ֪֪ģ˾պֻֽŶԼģرǽϵǰʱ΢΢ѽ顣
Ҳۡ
ΪۣȴҲŲҶ
ԽԽܿԼ
·ʮʣϼоһƬͷ׵ơ
ǵģΪĴȹҲڱɫͺͦġ
ò״ã̷Ը˾պʩˮ
ˮľڴǰʱ̧󣬡
վˮǰԼɫҰףѪɫͷɢӣֲˣʣ᲻ᷢ
˾պ룬˵Իᡣ
һӷˮǰСº󣬴Ӵ﷨ͳһᡣ
۾һҪҿ
򿪺󣬷ͷǸָķ١Ρֵüۡӡ촽էһЩˡ
һһĻ̫ʱ䣬ż׬ʯľȣ˾պͣԻеʵԼɵġ
ҪǽЩݣĺ޹һһЩչǰЩһһϸɣܽʡʱ䡣
Ҫʲô٣
ѡۻңǰ߶ģģˡ
һͨҵ㣬ûע⣬Լ˸˫١
˾պжϲͷϵĽǡ
ˣͷûСǣҲҪǽǷ١
÷ٺ˾պͳëŲķϣ룬ͳһϻӶΡЩβֵǮĺܺÿ
ջʱһ֣ϻʣ²٣ȫ˳
Ѿеˡ
Ƴһָۣһ
˾պȡǶԺ׹ϵʱ˾պŷСɵĶϲûж
˾պ㡭
˵Ҫ첻ˡ
ۡ
ȻԱ֤ʶΪκʹУڵ屾ͳżʹԸٸһ˿һ
㣿
ûõӦ˾պŷ֣Ѿ˯ˡ
ĿԳͣСɵĶϣûܿסɿһĶ

ʮû죬ʱٴ뿪壬֮ǰʱǿɽ
ʱã˭ɽȴϣ
ûȵСԻͦͱһۣǸˣ
̵ɽʲôҲŲɽ
ǽļκ˾պûţ˾պУΪÿ춼⻹ѹƺĽȫĻֻ¶Խᵤˡ
ɷЩ쳣ûǰأʱַ⣬õȳͻơ
ԾֵúܣֻҪһȥܿеӴʿԼս
ףˡ
ڵʲҲʱʱ鷳˫ͻϣȻڵչ̫࣬ڵĵϣڲ
ڵĵӾͲʿǼ˾պһֱڰ岻ȥ˽»ʯͨڵӣھϽ˾պ
ԭΪڵĵ΢еĻòǽӵĻڵʿѯҪҪæ˾պǮ㣡
ڵӣ
ҪǮǴϵ¶͸ˣ
ȵ׵ľӥѪͻƣҲɹ׵㣬˾պԼսʱڵǰǣΪϷźݻԸˡ
˾պڰϵͷڹǰɣǸүǾͳ
ҴڵӷģĪĪ֣ҶԺĳ羴֮಻
ΣǧˮһΣһκɺǧꡣ
ҵвУ
Σ
ݻ꣬¸Ǵ顣
Ϊû³Ļҹٳٹ顷¾ٳٲ
ȡòãٳٹ飬ٳճյȡ
¾
οһɳԶ֮ĵĲڣɳϻ֡
뿪գǿǵʯˣÿ컹ǰʱɳ
ѵԱ²ɢ
ÿҪѡһ֣ŲΪǮʳѰ
Σ
㵱ԩͷǮʱôûʳѰ
ÿÿҲʲô鷳¡
Զ֮͵ʯȼü֮мؿ϶͵οɳɳʶʵˣҪ˶ãʵ
ӦҲһʶеķʽɡ
ɳһ˳ڣÿ˾պ֧˾պҹٳٹ顷¾ʲôʱǶڴأ
Ȼڻ
ûȥôȴҴŲԸˡ
ǸŮἱ룬ҲҪ˴ߡ
ʱܲš
ΣҿԱ߿*`*
˾պŲһ٣Ŀ۾ͣһ˲ճȭڴߵͿһдˡ
δʧɫΪʲô˵׬Ǯ׬Ǯôʲôѣ˵һ취
ʱˣּҪʲôϵ⣬Ҳܰ꣬⼸ˣҵѪ־һ˿˿Ҹ˵Ͽ϶ͷó󷨵ԣ
˾պ˸ɣҪɷԽԽãʱг䲻á
Σðɡ
룬ʵʵȥˡ
˵ֻյڿԶһĵҩԼֻҪóȥܲʲôӰ졣
Ƚͳ¯˾պ˿úŪȥˡ
ڵȷû취дҹٳٹ顣
֮ʱֻ׬ʯ׬ʯܸЩ
±֮˵ֻһѣûκ
ڡ
Ӷ


67 ǻ
˼죬 ھϿ˳ع飬ռͽܵϢ
ȥȷһ£֪ȷʵͽ Ƽ˰𨡣
һϡŹֱݵİ𨣡
ѲȻ˾պǸݣ ʵǰڳġ
ξðͦ츳ʹ˾պ Ŀǰδѡɽ壬ܽҲ
У ʦ ֲ ͨ飬Ҿܶһʦˡ
ʣأܰӰɣ
ȥץСβͣڵü죬գ۾ͷɵϹţ£զ߳ŭأ˵Ķʵ
߶ĪĪ
ƽŻش𣺡ʦµӣ ѾͻƽˣʦأȻͶ塣
˵ǽ׸
Щߣ е˫ָֹ ߬ɿͷС;˵ЩΪʱ硣
κ׷ʣǺ𣿡
ǵͨ죬 ûУһ˵ûһ߶ţ ͷϵ˿˿ ҽ㲻ɣ˵գֱӲ˿еĺԡ
ο磬ٴαܿߺô˶ûУва
ˣʲôвУСڰ廹бأرǸ飬дЩ˾պ
۾ɴ󣺡ѲǺɲУβܳ绻˰ɡ
ŭˣһװʲôҪú֪𣿡
룬ֲ֪ԡ
һ̣ͱһסţΧ˹һ
ѽˡˣ
һڣĵеùڵæģҲ˵ˣҴˣȴ룺޾ǹ¶࣬ϲúܣƫƫҴţֲʲô˵ѽ˫˫׵ĺ£Ϊβޣ
ɿοʼգ۾
һߡҪʰ˿˿
˰Ѿܳʱõңʯﵹ
뺣Уþס紵˴úóܾ˵ѹɣ˵꣬ӽ֮С
ڼȥһ˲䣬θߺ˾պң
Ѿ˾պվ˴ſڡ
Ȼ˾պʮȱµЦ˵˿˿Ǹˣʡ˼롣
ſȻһںˮ˴Ӹ߿ѹ£ֱӰĽˮס
󷨣湻ݵģ
ôôСѩɽϣûںι
á
³һˮݡ
࣬ء
ھ﷭ʱŵϢ
󷨹رյʱʪ͸Ծһ
˾պ⡣

ȴֻ˾պ˾պκݺݵҧֱһڡ
ʵҧȥͺˡ
Ϊ˾պӲҧֱۣԸ
һȥûеļӲֱѪܵǻѪҺ˻˻ôˣ
˾պһĶǣûôѧ˿ͭƤǡ
ԸΪᡣ
˾պüҧˣ
ΰԴҧˣѪжжˣˣ
Լ˾պĶЧ
ֻҧ˸ɡ
ȥ·ϣۼ˵ֱ˯˹ȥһ˯úܳʱѾǴհæɳӡǣͷʱھϿǻϢ
˳ȥ
ͿһվԺ𨶼ڡ
ʱԶ˸ߴλãһӰʯʱ㣬˫ֻһ̵èɡ룬ѷѣηΡ
˾պʲôʱ͵͵ֵĲݣ
ûһ裡
볢èʲôζ
εʱ˿ϣµʱʱ㻹ûʲôԴյʱžһ£һֱִֻӰȷˡ
غһ¡
ΣҾȻʱķˣ
Ϊ볢һĲݣ
⻹Ǹ§ҡԴʱ
Ϊ˼ݣȻң
Ҳʱӣˣ
˾պһ󷨣˿Ũۣڽ޷й˾պܶ˱ɫƽʯ֮С
ˡ
һ̣˾պͷðһ͸һȣһһˮΧѵ·
˾պϵ·ʪ͸ʪֻ˪ͷֿʼ䡣
Ƚ棬Ͷ¯ӽˮ֮Уͣһ
Ĵضʹ಻Ȼ˾պʼûзһ˿类ĴʯΡȻ
֮˾պϢٴԱſŵξ͸оһɹϳˢԼ壬ԭ˾պһԶſſţȻԽԽˣ
Դʱϵİһ˿˿˺ö࣡
Ľǣ
˾պĽ񣬹⻬͸ܿͷ˾պԼʯյӰ
οԼһɳͷһֻð˳ˣ
أڳһƯĽǣǲм
𵤡𵤣ܸоڵ˾պֻһ֮ң
Ȼʱ˾պȻۣ۾Ѫ죬кơ
װðдԭ˾պûôᵤħɱѪΪŽ𵤣ȻɲҶۡ
ֱһβ˦˹ȥԭҲûôͻƳϣ
ֶдЩᣬɳӣԭﲢûд׻Σһнпܣ©ꡣ
ԭǺģɿֻʹڽ䣬˵ԼǣؼһҲ֮У˵ԭҲûô緢¶ʱôӦԶΪԭû˴εˮûܹһ֮ڱ߽סŵĳ
˵鲢Ϊһɲ䡣
̧ͷ죬ûô
Щ齻ࡣ
Ϊ֣ܵ͸¶Ϣеܿ˼
ҲΪлɣûȥ
Ѿܳʱû湵ͨˡ
ʱӣĽһƬҶһξӨ͸ˮ飬ֱײ˾պ˫ۡЩǱˮϴɾһʧӰ١
Цˣ㿴ɽϢȻ΢ȴҲס˾պɷ
ڵɷ࣬ڷాĽûз֮УҲһѹƵӿɷϾɽ顣
ÿһˣŬǲ֪νľ飬ƴȫøá
ԣҪǡ
ţ˾պһ˳ͻƽ𵤣Ľ࣬һҶ۵ĸӡ룬۾Цûʣ̻Իͣ⣡
к鵽Լߣ˵һ𡭡
һ鲻ԸƮߣдĲҪ˾պᵤʲôְﲻæ
ͻǰᵤ
˾ЩһͷԣϾʲôʱᵤӰҲǺܴֻҪǰҶ۶ϼɡ
뵽˾պɱȴɣС鱾ּһ˲УıܵӰС
Ǵʮľš˶ݵһ𡭡
ǳӣˮ֪ģѾԶѰµ·ĹǶ˸ı䣬ڸıʱҶûκν
˾պͬҲ˰ɡ
ô룬˵һ˾պơơƾ
鶼Цˣ֪Ϊ㿴ءдһ䣺ơơƾ
ͷûһ˿ơ
ȴһƾ׹䣬
˾պûȥӭս磬ʱ·ȫɣһˮû
һ̣ƽع磬Ƿ羹ֻ˾պһˣͼ裬ԷҲվƯڿС
ѤõĹֱ·һǳӡ
˾ȵǣЩǳʮɫųɻ
ΣŶǻһܴĺˣҡͷβǹֿɰġ
ˮ֪ģҴδ˻ڵࡣ
ӣ̾С
ҶִۣڵǸ
Ȼ˿˿ϲ
˷ܵϷɣһֱһֱɣֱһֻ׽סǡ
Σò³ֻǣ
ԭֻôѾˡ
˾պۣһЦŨ˿˿ˡ
Լڵͣʱͷһѣң
ڣα䳤Ȼûצӣ˿ԡ
ЩԵʿԷеʱϲվԵԴϣΪ˧һƮƮĻƿɾ̫ѿˡ
˾պǲҲˣ˵ڣɳˡ
˿ʱΪΣܴǬ䡣
ʱҲˣæԣԣҪȥ
˾պһء
ξԸ̫ȥŪʦԺӵ˿ҲѹЩСݣʱԼСһЩŸ˴кһٵشڽ˷䡣
˾պ󣬸˵лҲӡ
ˣ
ˣǻøƺ󡣡Ūô࣬ѱܹע
ˮ֪նһСᵤѣλǲҪ̽ĺã򣬵ۡ
һۻڱɲʱͽܣ
ʱߣ΢΢üݺݵطΪĲݣ
ˮ֪ģ
ѹָֻ
ӣ΢ЦŻӳҶλһֱǵĽǷЩˣ
ڣڹעĿɲֹڵˡ
ںĺϻ߶رڣһʶ·Ҫ̴ǵĽ硣
ȥݹǲˡ
壬߱˺ŸԼ£ӣŰҹ迴ֲҲüһԡ
ŵֽŶ޴šЩݣЩ˰
վԭû
ӥצĽڱƴЩ˸ġ
һᣬϡˣôҲӲͷƤȥ԰
ˮ֪кոյӰʯй¶ȥˡ
ͷӦˮ֪ĵ潫Ӱʯ÷顣
ͬ˾պͻƵ̫˼һҲͰˣ׻ֱûڣʵ̫ŹһЩ

ܿ죬˶뿪Ժӡ
ԭԱգ벻ͨΪλ׽١
ԭ˾պͻû׽ٵģΪ̳еħħԭʵȺֻѺͻָͻҡ
ڣ׽١
ȻֻһȴҲԼ߳·
ѾΪᵤ뿪ɢ롣
ֻǵĲɫӿ׹䣬׷ʮɫ
һŮϲǻ·


68 Ư
ˣطڴϣ ˷ܵش˺ü
Ȼ󣬴ѹˣķѣ ӽ˸ʵʵ
ȻС壬ûģ
˾պʱҹĴ ͨľϣеڵķ
һЦ
˾պڿЦ̧ͷ ίͰͣĴôʵ㻹Цң
˾պǳ鴤£ ̵úࣺûЦ
һ£ ˵ȥһŴ˵תȥţ ˨ʱҪ£ֻͷʣ㣬ڿԱ֡뵽ϻˣһ˵ʦ˵ɡ
Σдָ˾պ˯˵Ĵߡ
ţһشǬ䣬ʶ̽У һΣխһ϶Ǹûʡԡռ쳣 ʶԲܿԶ Ȼֻǽڷŵı㹻ƶôõˡ
Ҽǵһǧҹⱴĵҹⱴףúݱ ڵߡͷ ů͡
ʶҲ̫ ֮ǰŪɢҵ֬Сλֳܷһʶ°ڷźá
ǣҹⱴˡ
Ҫȡͻȼ֣Ĵ䱻˲̫±ɹһ
ͷһ£һֲõԤУ
һ̣һĨͻأײ˽ֱ䵽ǿ鵱һֱû취ϳȥ׻ľϣ
𡢻𡢻飡סססڡ
ľͷˣĶ
ܴ֮ȼգ˵һը֪Լʲôֻһͷһһ
ܿ죬ǬɽȫǷҽ
εǵʶ޷У˳۵ͷײǽᶼŴŵ
˾պһ˲ƹȥָͷǽ֮䣬ôˣͻȻͷɵͷײǽĽǶѽײȱˡ
Σᵽŵʱˡ
ıأôõıǻ˻˰
ſڵϣؽһʲô
ûǮˡ
֪ǸɣϴյŵصǸҹܲסģռĶˡ
˾պ׬ʯĸӼȡ
Դѹˣһ׬ʯġ
Ŀһۣʧʲô
ڽˣ࣬˵֮ؾغʹУģԺҪʲôҶ򡣡
صͷ
նˣô죿
٣СӻǺܳϿңŬҪֺ
ʱСŵܣһۺȡֻʣ糤СҺʱģЯ˵˿߲סҲϰɣȡŶ
ܲ
ԭǸʹһǣ֮ҲֻаƴС
˾պ齣ƶɣͳô糤Сɫ̣ɣ׹Ҳ
˾պӹ񽣣˿˿ƣĿڣȡ¡
˿߲ƵĽ
ʶһ˾պһЦá
ΣȥһŴɡĴȡɲֻп˾պˣ˾պһ۹⣬ĶúÿŶ
˾պ뿪αȥתתƤԽԽЩ
ǰÿλնƺһֵΡ
ʶһβٿܣ˯ذ壬Ƿس˷䣬˯ʱһ˿ϡ
ʱ˿ɱ˾պĴʵˡ
˿󣬺ܿͳ˯ȥ
һŻ
͸ϤŮٴγ֡
һΣδۣƽǺЦƺ
δȥкʱǰһڣӺʧһӸߴ׹䣬һֱ³ͣ³δ֪Ŀ־ƴҪΣκε··һֻקԨ
һ̣һϤ
ֻҪžͺá
£һѶĺӡ
ɿݵĺӴϣһͷѪ߰ߵߣмڵˣڿԣһͷԺСʳ
絶ʣҽг
һ̧ͷӥǣ촽ϣɫƣݵúƹͷֻһƤʬһɲݵۿĿӥâʵ罣
һ̣ΪԼᱻɱƬҷ
ȻʧصͻȻҵ֧㣬ǡÿϣ··һקµһзԶҲ벻
Ƭ̺ػص棬ڴ
͵ۣ
ǡÿͷͬʱһ𣺡ԣ
ʲôԣʲôԣϷ飬ֵֹ뷨
һ̣ηӦʶ˵ˣ
ͷҸоʶԶ˽𵤣һ£ˣ
æۣͣ
ᣬʶȴ羪һըʶ챻ɢˡ
ֻܼд֣ǻдְɡ
εͷ˵㲻˵㻹ǸΪɤ
дѣʲôɫԡ
ͷҺ˸Ρμʲôֲǵˣļ¸лڣ²ǸʲôΡ
οԼ˵Ƿġ
벻ȻҲᣬʣڸ𣿡ʶ鵽һȺ˴ˮԺΧ˸Ȧġ
дħԡ
δ˴Ǹ𣿡
ʱˮ֪Ľݸˣʱ˵˵ʱûǴ°һݡ¶סˣסģԴҶͨ
ˡ
ʱǼʱӵġ
Ѫˣڱ˵ʱȫȫˣѪǿ󣬸ѪںϣֻõԵʡκһӮˣͻȫλռ塣
һԵķģ͸¶ҵݣ
κܸж
ˣԶеĹŵ˶ˣû⡣
Ŷһ𨣬Ѿͨ˰ɡ
һ̣ʣڿԱ˶𣿡
ͷ
˵ð
Ҫúʰٳȥ
ΪΣٸԼӳȹ
ʱԼǬƴĶʼ֬СƷĶˣֻǿﻹһɽĽ˿˷ܵԭֱģ˿˿
Ҫý˿ʱ
ζ˲ϴˣֵܡ
ͷɢЬӶûƿˮţ˱ѩ
ڷ٣ɹѩ峺Цݲ绨Сװ˴ľƣˡ
Ǵյգôײײش˺۾ſ˫ȥӵС̫
ţԼĿ˵˿˿찡ǵһ۾һҪҪȥ˰һҾÿУ׬һʣ
˾պʱʦͽͬʱС
˾պȭͷˡ
и˽ͷĽ㱻ô˿
ʱȻԣ˵СĽΪá˭Ҳ֪ûбķֱ淽˵ڶ˽⣬ԶԶҪ͸öࡣ
˵˼ϧ˵ף̻ǱϢˣкԣԾ͹
Ҷ֪ͷ޺ԡ
û˺ԣŮ±˶룬ϾҲʲôεδ˽ϵϣǴһͷСĺԡ
޺Բ㳣ǻܿڵ
ԭΪҪЩŲʱǱ߾˿϶𸴣ʵ֮ϲ
ۣұ֣ǡкڵģʹˡ
ʱһ£ͣ
ҡͷʮ顣
һرʾֵܶˣҲռұֱˡ
ĩ˻ˣҲռ
۸ʵס
ԺҪʳôĵرһ˿ܽ׳ƫƫô꣬δ˵˭
ԵĻͬȾʵսֻͨ˵ǵ¡
һ㲻սΪļˡ
ܹļ
ʱ۾Բʮ飿ȥ˸į
ĬĬӣʲôʱʼǰˣ̼ǵúܾǰϿһƷʯͲ
ֻͲ飬ƺҲСˣˡ
ӣõ̫࣬ʮӡҴմգ
ˮ֪ģҡһ˵ƷʯϷһ졣
ͷҲǮͶȥˣЩתӦġ˾պСӦ׬˲١
˾պҲû飬ӶڽǶ
һţ³һӣ𣿡
ǲҲ̶á
̾
Ưһﰡü续ȣƯúƲ˼еɫһţʲôˡ
ˣˣ㣡


69 ͽ
ӣͽ Ǹΰŵݾǳӣͷյĵӡ
Ҷȡ֡
˾պգҵʱҲ˻˻ȷ֡ԣ˾Ͼôġ
˾˿˿֣ʱһԣһøգ
ˢˢؿ
ʱδʲôԣ ֱԸһ飬ĬĬת
ʱ˿˿˾˿˿ 𲻴
룬 Ը˿˿ɡ˵ǲҪ¶ĺã ϣ ֱӽ˿˿
Ҷһؿ Ϊգ
οһֱûôĵΪ뿴飿ְʾ飺˺飡
յߣʱ˺ƨɣһۺͷŤһߡ
˿˿˿˿ô͵Զ֮ǱߵС͹Сųţ ˵һţʱȥǼƣ·ˡ
ϣ û£ ʱĸ첲ȵغ㡣
˽鷵ԼСԺ˾պĬĬںͷ
Ůŵֱϣ ̾Ϣһ 첽ϡ
ȻԺӣ ͳǾ˿㿴㿴ɽĽ˿
ʱ㶣֮ǰ˿˿˵н˿ѹû棬û뵽У
Ϥ˿ߣȻǰ˿̲˶ôŨͰǿƷĽ˿˵Ǹеʱܼ뼸˿Ʒ׶һ㣬ֱӳΪƷ
ۣǰЦһáûа۵С
ѪΪ𣬵Ƚɭϡ
ͨͨСôõóĶ
˿˿ݿ²һ㡣
ʱһ˿ȫߣһǮۿӣ׷ʣʲô𣿡
ζʱ˵ûˣˡ
˵ȷ黹졣
ʵ͸ģһޡ
ʱû˵ٻͷ˵㵱˵棬ûҾˡ
۰Ͱ͵ؿ
ʱС裬һݼݹϲĲݷһ
Σ
ֲϲζ
ǵã볢һڣʱһƸȷˡ
Ҳû˵꣬ͼʱѾˣĲ֭ˮմָ⣬Ũ
ۿֻѾӰȹζ˶㣬ֻʣһͷʱè
˾պӦ죬ֱָ񵲣ʦͽ˵ײһ𣬷ѵһ졣
ʱֵʱʵûʲôҲûκ
ʹѡ
ʱ˦ֵʹʹʹСӣéʯͷֳӮ
ԱЦֱ
ʱ仰ֱ̫׼ȷˡЦЦţԣǰ˾պɢ
⣬˾պܾûзˣˣԭﱾŤı̬ܲô̼ġ
ǲǾ裬ͻȻɷˣ
ͼǰ˾պϹǸ󣺡ʦǸո̫ûüֱǡ
˿̵һ֥湫ӡ͸Ƶģö
ο飺˵ʱǲǸ˾պѧģôһ
ûдֱ֣һ
ߵͷҪѿˣ

ʱֱưƭģײһ£ôۣոǱèɸǣĻôẰۣ϶Ҫͽǰס
¹ʦϣ
˵ʱһȻָֻͷҲ֪ǴģǱͱĺˡ
˵꣬ʱһԾ˿ӯԵһֵķ緶
˾պתƳһۺƿ˵ûЬ
룬˵ûЬԼۿԻûһ˫ЬǾ͸ϵȹһˡ
˾պ䣬ȸͷ
ο˾պԼͷǽǡ
Σ
εʱûȻ᳤һǡ
ƽʱԴϵĽϰ
ڿûˣø
ˣ˾ͺá
˾պ˵ЬӺܿ죬αڴϵȣſڴϣųȥûþͷһƺߡ
˾պһᣬƫˣֱӶϳء
ŤͷȥƼϵŮһʹ಻ģʱͷһ
ոշƽ˾쳣Ϊνܣ
ѵ˶Ӱ죿
ҪȥͼϵŮӷ˸ɣ˫صſźܣˡ
˾պϢˡ
ԼڷʱЩ飬ӦøҲ
ֻߣûôණûûۡûҲá٣ǿһͰ޽ɡ
ʵΪҪںЩ
һЩͷȻ
һַռ
ǡʱϵͷ˹۾Цŵ˾պЬûѽ
˾պʶػش𣺡û
㻹ȥţָͷȥһ˫ЬûСҪҪҵĽų
˾պŶãĿ⼴ɡ˵꣬߷ɿƿȻûˣǰһ˫λƵĽѾӡ
ȵʼЬ׵ʱŷӦҸոôˣ
һ˲ռŹֵúܣһ뽫۶ϳߺݺݡĳ嶯
Ьף廨侲һ¡
ЬϣԧϷˮ˫Ϸ飿
ǵһֱûʲô廨ˮƽգ˾պЬǽ^.^
峿Ծ͵˰塣
˲Ϣ¥ıϻθͷĺԴ۶Сۡ˵Ըǰе
Ż΢˳۵ϾԲǲмǡ
תͷ˾պ㱧ţ
˾պŤͷߡ
ֿʱ㣬أƽʱűѽҲǱŲźʰɡ
ʱս˿Ǻ͵һˣһɵ˵Ĵ
ʱҡҡͷ˵ԣҪ
󣬻رС¨Ϊжʱ䣬챳Сȥɽɽֽ𼬲ݣҲǿһˡ
ֻչŰ
αҶƬ£ųӣȥһ˺ӹݵı߽硣
ӹݱ߽ÿ춼ʿ˲ߵλͷ׾١
ճӣδظһΣʱˮ֪ĻزȥˣΪ߽ܽڡ
ͬΪޣȻҪڽһϸ£ʶΪʵޣ϶߲ġ
˵ػڣλͦʣǰû֣ܲͷͶɫһĶһ
ӣΪģһֱȥƣֻ˴ŷзԺʽ践ذʱӡ
ˣطԭİͽ֮ء
꣬˾պǸγʱӵĽӶ塣
񣬳ӣĳڣַŻ˵Ҫͽ˵ؿ˵ɽ˺ڵĵӣϵĶС
λȺ￴˸ˡ
Ѿ
ӣҲĿѵˮԹ
壬ӣǽڣʸ½̵ʵࡣ
ֲʦΪߵǷ˼Ϻڣǰʱ˸ŵӣ˵˺ͽ
˼֮»ڣԪӤڹʮλȻڶĽڣԼΪӴˡ
ڣʿɿٶյš
Ϊһڣߵʱֿڴտգ壬Ҳһиֲ߽ʦԸ̵ˣŻٴγڴˡ
ĪΪ
ӣεҡͷ
ֲҶƬȴӲ罣
ӲǰȻԵѾͶϲ
ǰհ˵ͽôвУһżغ
ӣЦŽͣǰЩ˸ŵӰ𨣬˸Сͽܣ±λ״ӣʱˡ
Ӽӣ˵ԼҪ״ӡӢӡ۵ҶУ
λʦ㣬ҲҪʦæɴֻһᷭҲ޵òЩֵֹĶ棡
ӣչĴѶЩ꣬ﳣϵͻƺҲһЩĵ͸һֲͨͨʦҲֲҲй֮ͨģ٣ԼôΪ˶
˵˵Ůͽܺʾ𾪣˵˾պһСӣʢ˥
Ҫոеӣ
ͷðͱ˿˿ڲٽˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ҾͲˣԺÿµĽîʱҾڴ˵ؽֲĵãԸĽԿɹ²ڣҲµӹ۵
˿˿߰ɡζĵſڻϿıʯŰ
Ȼ˶ô˵ˣµʿȻŲߣվ񣬹ͳ뿪
ȻʱͻȻǰ˳Ӷſ˻ߣŵʦҴˣٸһλᡣ
ʦͽԵѾ߰ɡӣ߳
κ֣ۿзգͼȥץε֡ʦ֪ˡ
ڱһ𿪺лں޵ͬʱڷзϵɵûŮӶ˼֮ģǽڣںĳȴһֱܣԼԲûпɽŻٲά裬ӣȻһ𵤣ǸֲûеĽ𵤣
ЩеĽھֲʦһҪСѾٰʦʣء
ӣյľǽ𵤣
ŭصôĺ㶼ȥֲûֲʦ˭֪Ǹʲôɫʲôģ
Զ£һֱע˴᳤Ϳ΢΢ü˿ڲ裬˵е֡
űϥŮ֪ΪΣǱŮޣһֵĸо
ŶʲôоͿ潫δĲŵŮͷһãմˮ֮Ůӵ˫ž˽Ӳӵββϻ˩һڵβճ˺üѪۡ
Ůӵڵأһš
ǣǡֺѪѹˮ壬зϵŮ޺ĪһҪǰµĳ嶯ѹƵԴ˭ֻЩְˡ
ķǸͿЦһ£մҲѪѹƣɸѹ㡣
ǿ޿Ů˵öԣظȴûֲŮ޵ӣйŹ֡ǸŮӣû֮࣬ǰһֱſſǶȷԾ
ȷкܶ磬ӣɱǱƭˡҪҲ磬еɡģҾͿµӵк⣬ֵý绤᲻ǸˮŮ
ЦҾϲˮ
н磬˵ĶԻй¶
Ȼõ
Ҳ˲ʶˣֱʶ˵
ûлͷʲôѱ
ֻڳϳѯʣ÷۾޵ضʱվ˵˵˭˵ûֲˣ
óһӲݡ
Ǻܶ˴ͥԺǽǰĹβͲݡ
òԴΣӭչĽڹβͲݡ
ȫš
ȻܰѹβͲɽ𵤣
⻹
ξӸµؿйβͲһɫɨֱӽɺüԶ
ܽɽ𵤣𣿡
ڣΪԸ㣬ѵԼûЦһ˭Ըһ֮ˣʦѣһѳʦš
ӣ΢΢ףȻĻͬ
ΣҿҵĴʦΪߵͣƶҶԻ벻´νʧܣµڣҲʦԻϡ
ӣֱģ
ΪŴα˿˿ˡ
Ҷлˡ
ǰ漸仹˻⵽˵ʲô
ֱһƬҶסε졣
ɳ˲䣬˩ŵɸŶ߶µصɽϢ
Ϳʱ˼
ѪѹƲΪˮŮǣ
ɽϢɽ飬壬Ѿۻ಻
ðɣġ¼磬һ˦ɪɪ塣


70 
 ڰ˼졣
ˣĺܶ๦ԳԣһһԹ ۵þƣξֲʦ
ֲʦ̫ˡ
ֲǶԸವس ܶûܹβͲݶܳɽڡ˯еǾ䣿
 ֻҵԼзʽ
ӣҪֲÿѪҺѡеֲ ʩչط ֲԼڡɹϺֲܱһ֣ ǵΪֲͬʱҲӵһЩֲص
гͺñΪڶˡһӣһҶߵĳУһնнɫ ջ˲ʧ
ţӣεֲ԰
Ѿѧ̽ط£ ת һЩֲĿֲ㿴ǵԽ࣬˵ԽʡҵǻԵɺ»ֲģ֮; ʩչ̽ط
ǰ ӣϵЦݸ ͬŶۻˣÿ¼ϼԼҵĵֲмǵ㣬ֻңǰһ¼ƶǿյģΪһֱû硣ʱ̽طҶת۵Ҿƣ
ֱһ죬ɲǣͿǰֲǹ⣬ʩչطϵһξͳɹˡ
ӣ˵ʱѾʵʵ͵¡
תʩչ̽ط
͸о۾еţǰڵһƬ͸̵Ҷ͸ҶأĴǵ⡣
ȵ̽طһϣͼǰֲ϶ϸϸ磬Ǹӵ˿ߣ֯һŴϣǹ⡣
ӣͷ𣺡һʼ𼱣ʦ츳ܺãһʱͿǵ㡣
ΣöŶ
ӣ΢΢㵣Цŵ֪츳ãȴû뵽˺áһֲࣿ
ֵ¶˾պҾӦһֲľŽѩҩҲУˡ
еΪѡ⼸ѹβͲҲֵ˳ôֲ׺ǵ㣬ǴϵСѣ
ֻѣ硣
ǳֲ˵ĿŻеˡ
ϲԲĶһԽԽãôֲžͻƤء
Ȼƿһ˲䣬깷βͲݶήˣǵѸټ٣ǵļ׹ڲβͼϣǴɫ͸һâһβͼϵĽһһ۽ϵһ̾͸ˡ
ӣʦ˵ֻҪǵ㣬ʩչط
һ˵ʧκֲ١ʧһκ󣬵¸²ܼУڼ䣬ݣʧµĺۼ
԰ֲһȦɹѡʵ̫ࡣ
볢ԸһŽϵʱ֪ΪΣǰǻ깷βͲݡ۽ȥͿβͶˡ
˲̾˿˵һѡβͲݰɡ
һʼὫβͲֲֵ԰ǳӣ˼
ΪβͲǷƷֲֲ޺ܵͣҲ֪ʲôʱɶγԣɹҪѾ޴˵ҲϾǿǽԼһӲ롣
ӣСͽ鹷βͲݡ
ֻСͽܹȥǱֲ֧ʱӣЦˡ
βͲһɲǣ뵽ƽʱ¶֧ӵ˿˿ôһͦ䡣
𼱣ڴھĳӣĬĬ졣
ǱߣԭڵĹβͲѾģתͷ峣ӣʦЦβͲǡɨǼһߴһ˵ӣʦ㿴һγɹ
ӣ΢Цͷϲ
ʦͽ˿ʼĥβͲݵ
ֲϸ΢仯㿴Ҷһƽ𷢣ʦ㡭ӣһ£֪ıֲʲô𣿡
εҡͷ
ʩչֲЩֲ
֪һ˿ӡ
ʵһֱڸڵֲҲעʦСʦãһ䣬ǣǣȻҶϡ
ΣǺ˵
ʩչ顣
ţеʣĶĶ
ʶƨɣ᳤ë׵βͳɡ
ӣһЦͿȲֹֹʱЦʧ̬
ţָָεĶ䡣
ʩˮ
ſϣһëס
ɫľŶһȦдβͲڶϣббϳͷҲǳ˸ϸĽǡ
ֻԭر£Ŷ͹ˮĴβСſǶһͬˡ
ͷȥ˵ʵͦÿѽ
ӣŵͷȷʵˡ
ΣҪǳһԾ͸ˡΪֻһߣмǡ
ӣﲻסˣ˵ȱҲһʵͦÿģԳŽף
͸˿˿޷һ¡Ͼ˿˿ϲɫԽԽáԽԽá
ٿʲôأӣе棬󲻳βͲʲôãǹǷ
гβͲݣõʹˡ
ô󣡡
ӣ˺ܶǰ·һСʱĳ
Ǹɵʦüëɨλüëӳ鲻ӡ
ڣ˿˿ץһرļëӡ
Ӧǣİɣ
ͼëβͲЩëֱĸ룬ôһǡһˡ
һתܼϸγһƬꡣ
ӣ滨롣иܳĹͽ
κܿģëӾԼԺܣһһߺ˾պ˾պ
ӣЦЦϵã÷ѽ
ֲʦȲҪ˾պ
˾պŸ첲ųڴͳţڣ¶ûüϡ
һֱ¯Ƥ΢΢죬䤱ԭ·ʲô·ŷ֣ԭʵ³ˮڽʵļϻʱһֺرС
ɽ´صҽһ緢Ʊؾ춯ء
νŲһ٣´һٿЦˡ
˭뵽ǰˣһ·ͻϰ廨أ
ڼĹβͲݾ˾պ㿴ö룬Ժʱ򣬲õû
˾պ廨ܷ롣
һ۶ʮʶؽһЩ͸ʱʱྵӡ࣬졣
ڣ۲ȱˣ
˾պ۾ͬصͷʣ룬𣿡
Ц̡
ССиͷ
ĿĵĿֲѾǸĹβͲˣҪԼף֪𣿡
βͲݣ
Χ˶Իĳӣ
˵˼ά۸˰


71 ¸
ļ죬 ζڸӣʦУ˾ֲչ˹βͲݣϰ顢Ӧֲ ͹βͲһؿս
ۻǺ۵ġ
С󣬶ûô
۵ͬʱ ԼڲϽĻһرСǴδй飬 ظоԼսǿ룬 Ҫϲˡ
ֱ һҶ
̻ὫĽڵһٰһ ǵ챦¥ʱʼԭǸʱģزҸ㣬¥ĺλã
ָҶҶϵС˵Ҷһûţ ˿˿ײˡ
η־ͽҶӷŰȥѽĶǿֺŷ¶϶պ⡣
һЦ Ϲŵɴһ ųգգۣҪվ̨ϣҽܼƷ ĵü۸ǸߵĻ ҷֵʯҲߣ ¶׬Ǯ
ҺòȡĻᣡ
ðȡνӹҶãԴ𣿡
һͬ顣
룬˿˿϶˾պ
Ȱߺ鿪ʼдˡ
飺ԭдҶۻȥһƬۡñȥԭ˾պûȥģûʸȥ
Ҫ뵽Ҷ۵Ĺ˵Σա
ΣҶۻȥ
϶ͷɿػһͷ
ξĬۣë΢
˿ιȥӰ쵽ԭľ¡Ͼһι£ûͦϸġ
ҶҲʱ˽պƵĵҩȫȨίаۡ
ȴϣһ̣ۣһصҶۻȥҾ͸Ҫȥˡ
ֱһʲô
˫Ŷ䣬ͻȻһʶҪˡ
ոհ˵ĽڣĽ֪ģһΣһ죬ֱΪɡ
ԽǼɫĵʦ;ȥ˵ͷͨңָ֮֮
һҪʲô˵Ľֻһ̣һ֦ѡ
ҵʲôȥͺá
ҲĽڣȥÿĽں嶼Сء˵λЦһ£Цת˲ţϳѵõء
飬ڲ֮͵͵һ˻ˡ
ǰҹһˣֻеҰֵشţĻֻܿҶۣŬ˵ľжϣȵߡ
̯֣ε¼磬ڣѽ
֪ԭľʱ䣬˾պҲкýҾۿţʲô𣿡
ҷԭûкýǣֻûб޶ˣɵʱҵܲܰҰ壬ҳ˰壬кܶܺˣܶŬŵˡ
һ£뿪ʱԽԽߡͷĻۣһ㵭ˮ⡣
һ̣գۣŵصͷһ֣ϲڻϤھĥѣôߵ
Խʱȥڡ뿴ж
ʵҲûôǰҲֻҸоΣգȻҸоΣ˴ӶΪʲôֱĨȥأ
᲻᲻ǲܣҲ
黺дֻһΣ޷ȥġ
ΣϴΣ˾պᵤѽԭڿɽ᲻˵֪ĸԿŰڣħˡ
ԣʹӲ¸Ҷ濪ʼɣ˵ʱеƮ̫ҿǰ
쳣ҵ
ʵܵС۶£˵ô
ܿʧ
ʧ۾һգգض顣
ǱҪȥġ
ֹʲôķأ᲻ᣬǿΣպֺ¡һ¾׸Ȳʣ
ֵĴˣеıţһЩ²⣬Ҳ֤һ¡
û뵽ֻǾԭأһ
֪ڿ
νŵӡ
ͼ黺дȥɡȥɡ
д꣬ವһƮߡԸ˸Ͳȥˡ
վ棬Ȱȡ
ʲôûȵ˺ƽ˾·
Ϊʲôأ
ûֹˣҲûаӦ
ΪֻԾ黹ûӰ
벻βͲݣʩչֲˮʩʡӣʦһСƬ˳
Ҳ硣
ֲʦҪֲס죬ͨںֲУֲƷ׵ĿԸԵƲ»߽󹺱ֲ
ҲǱֲ
Լֻһ磬൱һˡԭǲҪģӦȸ
ӦСϵǵ㣬˵Լıֲȫϡڰ𨡭
طûѧء
ǣ䵽С
ѡҪҶۣʵ͸úҪˣδԼ޽СԼĹβͲںһܳɹĻΪҲǡ
ʦƷ׸ߣͷǣһֱţʶļ졣
ʩչûã۵ͷ󺹣æҵؽ˼֮ξͳŲסֱǰһڣЩιȥ
󣬿ǿһ𣬾㶼òֲĵˣ
ر磬оˡ
ӣʦҪٵȸոտװĶȥֱӾˣֲԳ⣬Ǻã
˿̳ӣʦʦպöڣϵֲʦʣ¸ŵİ𨡭
鼱֮£һţ
εŲֱ̫ӱһţֲСصС
ţ±ˡ
˾պʱǡò׽˺֮ʱĲӰ
ͷĽ㡣
˾պ
֮ȥλӰһ㣬˲ȥˡ
ȷŽȥξͷֲֲһʱˣСأ϶ܾȻ
Ҳ֪˾պˣת˾պĽиᣬȥ𣿡
Ͳ΢΢һ
룺ԭ˾պûȥֻһħԭǵʱ򣬲ûἰ˾պʲô
ԣ˾պʵǿȥģЩֲ·֮С
ͨûôˣͲֳһءûʵʱͲôŽжˡ
˾պǰղǶһѱɹΣѾ͹ȥˡ赭дõĻ黹С
ԽƽԽڴ
𣿡һ˫۾ڷ⣬˾պѱôࡢô飡
˾պ΢̣ɣҲ࣬ʲô
ʲôֻ˷ܵصǲǿˣݶͨͨϡ鱾Ѿϲ
ܹȥץס˾պ֡
˾պӽס֪˿˿ʲôֱֻֻܾһЩҪӲġ
ͼ֡
׬֡
˿㡣һ̣͵͵й귲侭˾պˡ
˾պûסһֿס֡
ηӦ֮ǰݣ߱ʣķ˼飿û
ȻûǣʲôԣСֹʦܵûϡ
˾պ΢΢̣̻ը
㣬ⲻ׬֡
ǣһֱǣ֡


72 
Ľڣ еʱʱͷ
˾պɽ߽
ǰڽʯһ£ϵĽ Ҳֻṥϵˡ
ɽɽ߽ʱõ ˾պٶȺܿ죬ӽɽҪʱ
ϴ´ʱ䣬 ˸硣
Ϊ˲ϲӳģ һƽƽĵӷ ͷ˫٣ ϴǲߣﻹһʱֻƵĻƷ˵Ҫǿʶǿп̽ᱻնʶ
ǵģ
ʱġˮԼӣʦ
֮Ҷڱԣ ܵһĮĿͣʲôȥأ
Σ˾պ⽣խ
ǰСߣ ˾պļϣ ߱ڱβŽɽǹľսġû±Сߣ Ѿ˰磬 ۿԿĽϣ ɲ
һתҴǰɽʱɽµѽ
˾պûʹͷá
㵽ǰş̌ͷʱ΢˵£ͼסʧ䡣
ξڵ˾պԽԽ͵ĹβͲݡ
һɫ磬˵ȥɡ
˾պ۾Ȼ˵ǰ棬ǣ㡣
졣
ΰԼַץŶֲܷɣҶҲȻˡ
һʼܽţеĽûĽſ
Żš
ֻǣֻͲˣյµɽš
챦¥
óҶӵݸվſڵСͯСͯӹӭŷ͡
˾պҲһƬҶַ֪챦¥ķ䰴ƻ֣óƷҲֻõҶһöš
ҶǴʦõġ
ʦô
һֻÿڴտյİô챦¥Ҷ
˾պе֣û˵ʲôͽһ쵽һ󷨴̤󷨺ǺƳϡ
ֱ
ܶƣǰһƬɳ̲ɳ̲ͷһƬϣһգǧţᵴ
ƽϣһɰŮͯһӻ񣬽ŴصˣŷǰĺʵȪ˿ɽȪ뾺ģںͤȻϲɳ̲ɳ̲Ҳ⾵ֱӴӾп
ŶǿǼǧҲǿġ
ͤﱸƼȣǲϿζ˿һͤϷ壬ǻ̹
롣Ůͯÿκ˾պƺĻЩɫĻ봿׵Ʋһſıʯǳ⡣
۾ֱˡ
һֱסŷ
˷ܵɳ̲ţֻЬӶˣŽɳȳһӡɳ̲һһҪȦģ
˾պʱסɳˡ
˾պס֣һЩ㡣
Щ䣬ʶ
˾պתſŮͯȷϲõģһвöȫϽ⣬ȫܰɺ͡
ͷһ¡
Ŷһϲ𣿽ʱֻҶֲˡǰʦϲòãҲȫ˿ѽ
ŮͯЦӯӯص˲֪챦¥лľֺŷӵи߽󷨣˵ϲرǿҺԵĻڻľ֣ͨ󷨽е챦¥Կ˵ϲΪա
ģպλϲĲǺܸӣڵһжԭеķֻϼɣܼѽ
˾պϸشһ·ڵĶ
ȷÿһǷ
û׷ʣϿ˵
ֻ˾պлмֱֲǺ顣
˾պȥͤɡ
Σȥѽҵˣ¶ѩɽϣһζûĺιΨһĺ飬׼󷨡
ǲ棬Ǳ񱩵ĺ˷Ĵ
˾պ鸴ӣ֪θĹŹ֡
ͷðȴΪⷿڻʲôͨ׿ڡ
ˣɽ⣬Բܱ¶ԲСĽΪ
˵ԼˣȥͤԶʱǰͻȻ˵Ǿȥͤɡ
ο˾պв죬Ц
û뵽ɣ
Ҹոˡ
뷨ôǿңôҾ뷨
ԼӣãҲˡ˵ľ֪ϲãǾͿûҰԵġ
ȵͤϵȵʳβÿ÷壬ϲ¶Ҫ
Ů̵ͯԵȣΪһ䣬ܸոտûųʳʳŻ᲻ѽ
źϵֺŷʳޣ¶졣
ʳ޼¶ѽ
һͻأ𣺡Ǿյȥɽժɡ
գ˺һ϶˲ǧ֮⡣
ɽʿеͨ
һɽȥɽժ챦¥һɽʵˡ
Ůͯصõģ¥ȥš
ȵɽڳһʱŮͯǺͮͮǾš
룺ŷĹ͵ʲôݣֵ˶Դѽ
²͸ʵǲ²͸

ῪʼʱѾʼڵĻ
ǰļƷûʲôȤȵ˾պƵ鱦֮ʱοӶˣһڴؿˮչ̨
ߺŷĿ˸ʯҲӴ﷨󷽵ȡһӽˮ˲СɧϵЦҲһЩ
ߺŷĿ˾Ҷۡ
˵ģ
ΣǸҶֻһƷʯ߯Сˣɱ
ʼܣƷһɹ
˾պ鱦ɡн
ƯɡڰϸʺŮޡ
˵ǡŮ޵ʯ׬
ֻû뵽ǣƷһ£ŮǶЩԥɡнĳ۵˲ࡣ
иŮӱֳһڱصõļƣ˺ʱֱӼӵ
һΡڶΡ
ۿСľ鳼£һ¾ĵС
˾պɡнɹһεķôֵֻŵشС֣θոǸŮ̧߼۸
۸Ϊΰɫ̫ԡ
ˮĻؿζ۽ǳ鶯˺ü¡
ףΪǸŮ޲ӼˣողǻֱܺӼǧ
Ϊȫ˰
ôСľء
ֱˣ𣬱ѽ
ľʱЦʣַĿ˲𣿡
һϢȥûȵ𸴣֪ϣֻľ鳣а˿˿鳣ŷϵĶ˭Ӽۣ
أأ˾պǸһôûֹ


ʯһΡ
ڣοˡ
ؿ˾պҴˣǲǻҪʲôծΪ̫ģץס˾պ֣ˣϾǰ˵ʱһġ
˾պûãۣΪƵķֵøࡣ
Ӳֶ޴š󣬻̧ĺ󱳡
ǻһЩҿ챦¥ûûҹƷծ㲻õġʵԼķҲǸ챦¥ķݶ̫ࡣûûҹ⼸˵е޳ˣߣƤҲ
ʯڶΡٺۡ
̧ͷ°͵˾պļ磬ǰСһͷ濴ίͰ͵صȴһ¡
˾պѾ˿ľͷԭıֶڿУһҲܶ
㡭ɳƣһʱкܶ໰˵ȴֲ֪׸˵ʲô
㣬ˡ
Ҫϣ
˵㡭ҪҸ
ֻһ뵽Լߵ˾պоڡ
֪ϲһƯ
ûڵǲĿĳûһԼ֮ǰЩҲ˵ڡ
ǡʱһ𣬽ţһƮƮ·ƶ˴ǧһ顣
ǧһ飬֡ЩҧͷֶŷĿ˳ǧһ飬иߵ𣿡
ֶŷλѽ
ϲץ˾պһͨҡΣ˳ˡ
˾պҡˡ𣬷ԱߵϣţһϵѩɽȪðźıȪһ
δ˴ȪһֻһСڣ㲻𣿡
˾պ䡣ſ˵³İ˱µͬʱʼᱡ˪
ģ
˾պûӲΨ黺ת룬Ŀڣ˵䡣
㱧ң
壬Ҫů
ѩɽȪĺɽ⡣һ⣬ЩҶù졣
˴ɽ꣬˼򵥵ҩ֪ʶ֪ܲ
˾պ´
ļ
㣬ɷָԺϲң


73 
Ļڲ࣬ ֱֶŷ
漰ǮʱһƽʱžЩ˾պˣ ֱӰžѵһ٣ҪĻ˾պ
˿˿ŻΣ Ӿô󡣡Ĵָʳָ𣬡ô󡣡
ָ޳ ȦʵҲС
͵һ£ֹ̫С
Ťͷ ĴָʳָӴС ô󣡡ǸȦ Ǹ
Σ
˾պƽʱô⣬׬ʯͦģôһ𷸴ԭе˾պɷڣţˣŵһЩĵȰ㲻ʲô¶ ߵ޷졣
ҪȡֵΪ˵
ֱʱ˾պųһ䣺˵ڡһ£˵㿴
תͷ Ϳ˿˿°ͼ֧ϣ Ͱ͵سԼ˵߿һ뵽Ű۵Ư ڿڵ Ŀ˵ǣ еѾܾ
һ뵽ʯּᶨ޷˵𣿡
˾պͷ
˿˿˵һޣһ
˾պѿڶУ
ⲻˡ
ˣչƷ˾պ֮ǰԱߣǣ˵쿴Ǹ޵ͷѪǱƷƷ֮䡣
ƷеҩзʲôؾԿסżرͼǶǺܸȤȵһͷɫñŲ̊ʱ¿̨󾪺͸ˮζ˿ҵ
εҲڼӿ졣
ڿǼºѤõĺɫһȾѪļ̣⧲֮࣬ʹȻϮĿȫ
ûʲôԣֻǸоԼ߬ŵе
һ̣˾պ첽ַס˿˿ļ
α΢΢ܵȶ֮˵û¡
Ǽ£ǴӲƤëҾеû˵ȥ˶֪ݣȻΪλᾪ度¡
ͺǿһƯƤ̨һ
µѡ
ڴĿУժñ
ƽʱţϲʩ죬ɽһ䡣
һϮȹۣվ̨һĿһұˡ
£Ϳ泤ϻɱ߽ɻսƷ׼һ顣
⻰ζ졣
ǼµɫʵǴ죬ڼϸСĻҰβеɫ
ϵֻˣһֻһİˣҲ
Сʱ򣬵С˵ѩȥ
û뵽󣬻ķʽٿ
ΪǱŰɱȴû뵽ڸ߽Ͻػ챦¥Բ͸¶ƷֻҪ͸¶ͻȷġԣСˣͬﰡ
ѹˡ
ʵǼ£ϧ𡣴˿̣ǼѾ۵˰飬۸ڲǡ
󣬷±־źŷĿԶʮļ۸ߡ
ǰдڵֱڵȥˣǸ͸ѡ
ΣϵĻϣ
ڻұQ˼ѽ
б鰲ο
ܿ죬͵һƷ
ǼƷԼ̨չʾġ
ҴߣıΣ챦¥Ľڣȫй¶ݡ
̨֪֮˾Ҷۡ
ΪһƬۡ
ʱѩ°ۡ
Ϊ棬ϢޣкܴĿ޽סȻۻƳƷҩǱ²Ծţֻۣ
һƬ̨ۡϣҶ˽ܣۡ
˾պֺ󣬴μϵ΢΢˶Ļۣ͸ҡ
ھ˵ӡ۶ûˣ˵䡣
еܾξ飬¶ͷҲµûš
챦¥һλ߽ʿվ϶Ҷ۵˵һת˵̫ϡ٣ǲûʮգҪжϡ
ҿͿûݣ¶˱֪ڵĳ϶Ի۸Ȥˡ
챦¥ʿ͵ͿС
۲죬ʶϸϸɨƬÿһط֮ЦŵȷĻۡ
֪ϡ٣ǧ궼Ψзʥ˸ŮŮĻЦʥĪǸЦ
ˣԼŮס
˵Ǽ٣Ϊ棡
ʥ䣬Ǳ޼ɵ̤ƽ׾٣
ʱдսʵǴʱʼ壬Ҫʼˡǰ˫̽СΧɱӶᣬ۵ȷϣԤʾ弴׻ҡ
ʱֶŷĿ˳Ŷҿ
Ϳ潫۷Żȥ̧ͷߴ
ϲˡ
Ȼ˿Щֻ¡
úֶŷĿ˵ôһƬĻۡ
ȷˣۣ
Ȼһ̣ҾòǡֱûɣùңǼ
ԭûһΣڷĽǿеϣɨһۺ󣬷ǿп̽
ΪҪúǿһʹù࣬͵õˡ
ķ²ûԭģԱͿ߼ߣδκβۡ
߳ʱοڷֶŷľơ
룬ʰֶŷĿ˭˽Ѳǡðһ֣۾ɴһЩ
Զ֮ûɳ֣ǲΪҲˣ
˵ұ֣
ڰ֣úܣԺš
κ棺ж飿ɳпɿֻԶ֮ǿƥԶļλ㡣
һ̯ĸοôȼ£Ѫɡ
Σÿĺˡ
˾պͻأ廰ıֺ죿Զ֮ȻڿܹԶ֮ӡ
˵죬ת뵽ͷҲû̹Լٿţҡͷ졣
ʱ졣
ֻʱ͹飬һ𱻾϶ʱõֺŵҶӦҲұִкɡ
˾պڷǶʱ䣬޷ڡü顭
ֱӵǰ
˾պû˵ʲôקε֣˵߰ɡ
ȳ챦¥˾պһ䣺챦¥ʲôľ𣿡
Ʒף̻챦¥ΪĽףֻ챦¥Ż᲼ûľһףӦûеġ
˾պͷлָ㡣
ֿ£εְȭ߬ʣ죿
ԭеģ˾պֱ׳Ȼ죬ʲôҶ֪
Զֻ֮һˣһΣǱ϶ʱ۾һɳԶ֮һɳˣѹ
ԣû˵ѣ㡣
˾պķңŲԶ챦¥ɫ
֮ǰһжõ˽͡
ŷԾȫǰսϲõģ䷿ԭΪ׼ǰŸʦ
Ҳʲôľȫ˽ϲá
Զ֮ûҪ
Ҫǣһˣ֪ʱ֪ʶ˽ȫϲá
ζڷ͡
ιǰ߼ʱһ־
˾պͷֻ˵ֻ֣ʣۡ
нǲ˾պʣ㣬ϲʲôˣ
һ䡪Ǯġ
һ죺ΪʲôҪϲˣ
˾պסͫԷŴϲŮˣʦһ˯
룬żŬյ˾պߣ˵ҿǡ˵ҿ϶ϲǿ׳ģѽ
˾պ
ëһɨĲƤ类ɽĻʯ̵ֹ
ȵ˵˿˾պ˿
Ȼе̫⡣
ǿȷһ̫ϡ
Զ֮Ȼһ飬ȷʺ
˾պ̲ס̣ˡ


74 컯
Ļش ͷ˾պЦѹѹȥ
̧ͷʱ˾պĿһԶʯ콾ʯ ˵콾Ҫƴ
Ҳſ˹ȥ еʱһšƲºҶ۲վڱ£ǲԶĵط ڵĳ׺ѡ
Ʋˣ᲻ᷢ
˾պƲƿߣ ̧ͷ ߴ
 ĽڲƴĻǰʮľнԪӤʿվʯԵ̨ߺȡ
ڵʿ׬ʯ档
ʯߴһյƣɽƵ̶ɣɫѤãʡ͸οջƣ ܿڵĻȻ֣Ӧº͵ĵ
ڶľ һϻӻ졣
Ȼǳ ǻѹʹδ
Ƶһյӵƣӵǰ̶ɣ װһ귢ıֲ ҶƬϵĹҫ өڵз衣
ѤƱӵƾԵµöࡣ
˾պߡ
æд֣ν˾պס
װۣؼҡʲô취ϽȰȥ
νŲ΢١
˾պһºʣ㣬ôˣ
ҧ´ǡ
ؿס˾պ֣˵ߣôߣ
鼱ˣдһأ
ͻأ紺׹ʶը۵ɫףһֱļ¸ٴϮ·ŢڰɰϢ
ָܵĴԴԼԷ𽥼һӽԨĸľ㹻
ʶţҧסʹװһµӸ˾պĽŲ
Һϴء
û飬ȴžʹʶ˾պԼҪȥΪҪҲֹ浽飬ǣ㣬ң
㣿˾պԸо쳣ͣǻȥ
Ҫַȴ
λȻܿ죬סΣ۾ųʣۣ̫ˡ
Ϊһ
ͷǻƣûȷָʹ˾պʲôֻҡ˵Ưĵѽ
˾պֻʣյơ
ҪΪõƣ
ǰѾڲˡ
ʶע걮ڻ걮ϳһߣ߳Խߣ˵Խǿ
ƲºѶʯҵĻƣû˵̧ͷһۻƱ˵һС
ǣܶµ³ΪӮơ
ԭһҶ۴ʣһֱڸᣬ˵Ѹʸߣ׵˦ˡ
ʯ϶ˣڳ޷֧ţ֮ʱҶ۵Ѹȴǡڳ֮ǰ˳·Щλá
չʾԼ׼ʶ
õһʵȴΪƲϲӵƣӶõڶΪƲõϲӵơ
շ磬ӮúȲʡ
˵һȴҶʩģ澡ʧӮƣȻҲûֺõѣΪϲģҲӵư
˾պ϶Ӯơ
ĬĬοԼӦӰ첻ɣ
˾պιȥʱҶۺͳѾңңˡ
Щ˵ľޣֻΧ޹أֻ֪ߵһ򣬵׻Щʲô
ʲô
˾պʯַʯϣ˹ʸҲʯע
һµܿǰ
һʼ̫ԣҶڹעϷ׷Ҹϵˡ
̫ˣ겻ʶȻǿ󣬾ԪӤʿˣҲ˵ԼӮɣ
š
ϻڵĲ˵ǿ𣬽أ˦úԶ˳ЦոջԲѵĺϻʿǿõҲ˸Ͻŵǿ߽г
ܽһ޵ǵָʯͻȻڳǵ˵׷ڣǻˡ
ǻȻָԱǸͿ֬Ĩ۵ĺϻˡ
͵һۣϵζֵֹģʱĬĬ˾պһ࿿
֪޷׷ǰˣֱջһǺϻһļλŮޣʦǵ֣Աߵ˰ϡ
Ůޣ
ûסǱߴֻ̣Ǽ
˾պڵ״̬ɡ
ܿ׷˳ףڣΨһģֻҶۡ
ν߬˾պ֣ͷǸ߸ߵʯŵúס
ҶۣĬֻͬʱ߬ס˾պ֣ʶسָ
ŵʱԼָãץ˾պһͨûע⵽˾պ˷ģͷƳһۡ
˾պһ˲䣬ԱߵҶϢ𵴣һ˲䣬ζᵽϤζ
֣ǵʱ޷ߵĽָǿֿ֣Ҷ۵ʶ׳ַ
һ̣Ҷ۵ǽ˾պ˦һأؿͻƽڣһ·߸ԪӤ֮
⡭
Ǹ𵤳ڵʿ
ڵҶۣͻƽڶˣҲû꣡
˻ش𣺡峣ͻƳ죬Ҷ۽ᵤġ
ǱȲ
˾պҾѣӰľٶ֮£ǲͻƽޣı
֪ͷۣʯϵĵ̫Ѥã۾ɬ
˾պľɲ֪ΪΣȻ˵һ䡪˾պѽӮ
뷢һţֻúա
˿̵ͷᱻϤ
ԣֹģӦǡ
Ƴһ۽ŵ顣

ϵԣһЩ뷨֪ܿż˾պһ
ֻӱһС
Ȼڣбվɡ
𽥷ſմԡ
˾պЩƣˡ
ͷ˺Ҳ˵ĺ
ɢϢ˵ע⡣
ǣǸò˾պɣ
Ȼߵ˺ܶ࣬˾պڲͬױϳ
һ˾պ˾պͻûɣȻʶҲôǿ
ҧ˾պ
ƲҲȵؿ˾պķ򣬸źһ˾պ
Ǹᣬȴ׵ش˾պĶ
ڽƴ˾պŤתͷؿƲ£һ˲䣬Ͷӳʯϵ߶ͣͲ
ԭ˾պƫִķӣǻصħзռҪõĶͱҪõ֡òͻͻͷ
ڣȲҶۣòյҪĵơѹƵɷ궤أһ̼ٴ
ɷڣƲµĻ̱Ӱ졣
д㿴תתȥͷǻعԭĹ켣
дǲҪˡ
ǡʱκȻЦһ£ż⣬˵˾պ벻ҵĽǣ
ȻûͷûβĻ˵û⵽
˾պϲˣΣֻÿ˫١̧ͷϣֻŲ
ǵĽǡ
һ˼
ҪǸõƣҵĽǾ͸
Χˣ
˾պȻܱ̬
컯֮£ȻҪŮ޵Ľţ


75 һ
˾պ 벻ҵĽǣ
ᣬȴ羪ʶը¡һ죬 ˺ޱߺڰ½ɡ
롭
룡
ʶڣ ͺƸɺԵľһֱھڴ˵ºӣ 俪ʯͷ󣬺ˮڣ ݾٴιͬʱڣ ɺӣ
ӱ뺣 ʹһǣ˲ûԪӤڵǵޣһٳҶۡ
ŵñֱ룺ˣˣôأ
Ҷۻڷֱ׷ûз üͷ΢ܿ죬 ׷һأ Сľ롣
ѾֱԪӤڡ
˶ڹעʯʱһɫۣ ߵӵݸʿһʯ
ʿ̾һͲʸˡ䶼پʮˣ
ʿЦһ ǰ һ֪¥Ĵʦ˵꣬ǰǲȴǾãɣȷֻһ
ӣ㵱Ҫȥ߸˸ӣȰ˵Ҫȥʶ
Զ֮ѡ
ʿܸõ°ʯԼĺۼҲⱮһֱҪһҲǧ֮ףøΰ
ʿЦһ˵á
Ƴ˲ԶǲվˣŮںڵķϡ
룺ҲĽǡ
˵ʤǿһŮ޵𣬡ҾϲǿʤģŮ񳪸ö
˵˭ʤһŮ𣬶һ΢΢ɳƣһھܸоһӽɤܽ˹ͷˡ
ԶŮֲߵĳһϮ£ȣҡ
ұߵòɫȹҷأ󷭹㲨ˡ
ûдӷҲһϳǵݡϻŮޡ
ϳһݣԱߵ˽ܣȹǸ˰ڶۣȻ鴫
ɨѺƲ£̧ͷʯžȵƣֶһ֣һ֪Ϊ˭ժƣ
ŷ֣һµͻأ֣˲䣬ԽԪӤǵ
飺
Ӧ֮
죬Ҷˣµǵǿóϣ׵سҶۣ˵ľ̾УԽ˾պ
ǵϸϸ˿һСֵָȣԵø
˵ˣʶƿǿ˲˼ĵز
еƮҡһҲֱ淺Ĳơ
Ʊ˶ƴȫس̣սĵǰ˼׾ٵؽܶ
˾պδ֮ǰ塣
ʯϵԭǽɫڣ˷˾պһ͸źڣǰǸһĺ졣
ʱڵҶۣ֮Ҳ΢΢̵ļ
νŵ˶ʼˡ
о˾պһһȣͺÿһͻƾʱҪܵĴڣھķˮ
һɾѾ£ȫµƤ˽˵ѾתʶʩչĶ͹Ǿ
˾պյʼû
ǵǵֽա
ˡ
οߵˣһ̣ãʯϵʵҲûô
ŬͻƼޣԿ˾պڷ⡣
ˣ˾պٴηˡ˾պĺɫٴȣ𽥱ƽڡ
ʯԭûгڵĽޡ
ԪӤڴԲǴ˱ı
˶ΪֲܷܿʤˣΪʯͷˣȴϣ˾պʱʯƾϴһأǶ˳ڡɽڡ
£ʶﵽɽ
߯ô
˿ʯԱߵʿҲһãȻⱮӱǰ̳Ļ걮ԼƵģӦаɣϾ̳ĶϽ֮Ͻʿ϶Ǹǿ
ͻƳ
һոսڵĵӣʶǿܴﵽ
˿̣˾պǵ߼ûˣԾûɢļ
˳Ȼ˾պͻƳϡ
ǰߣ˿ҡøһЩ˵ǰͳĲˡ
Ҷ۵ҲûɢھλûҲʮּˡ
ǾžӽӣֵôҾ֮ˡ
ǵֻڱΪԿԽجΡ
ӣѪˡ
Զ֮Լǵ
ʵһǰĽޣĻһֱŵûˡ
£Ȼ¸Ѫɫ䡣
Զ֮˿ԼģѪ˿Уǵ˵ԤʾߣѾȫʧ
ӣ
Զִ֮£˵֪ˡ
Աߵʿԭð߾ӣڿӻڸߵʱƿߣ֮ʱǵߵܷȥ졣
Զ֮˲ԶŮͷϡ
ЩЦͦǵġ
ɳƭ˱ˣƭ
ԣ


ǡ
ߣȻȥѪɫɳ
ôһ룬Զ֮ջתӰ䵭ͬһʧ
ʿɫʧһ£ʶոյʿȻǾȻԼƤ²ˡ
ԪӤΪȻûвԡ
Ѳɣи˺յĶɽڣ
ոǸɫӣʵȻֹôͣܳƳϣ
Ǹ걮ͻȻֵĶɽ٣
ΪڽԵʱûȫڸߵ졣
ʿһ£ǻٿ콾׬ʯأʿԻûȥúһ²С
ǵģʿ˵һ鶼ܸʯҹϾǵӹаħС
ɫʧλóһ̺ۣ̺ϱȻʲôûС
˴˿̻û˼Ϊ˳ʯҧ֣˾պҶۡ
ôľ֣
ʿ˵Ϊֵ̧ͷǵͷǮ
ɫͻȻˡ
ͷƷŨúšˮ
һ£ţ¡һ죬ڶըһͷƤ顣
ǰÿһΣʶоΣգ·ڰӣһΣʵķˣڰͷѹ£˷ӿ˹
ӽŵ״һ·ӡ
ûˮȴбĺˮǣҪû
Ƭû
ѵǾ˵ģҲ
ǣǷĴۣ
ǡʱֻŵͻȻһЩǰͻȻ˹⣬걮̳Ļ걮ڷ⣡
걮ɢӯӯ׹⣬ƬΨһĹ⣡
˾պͻ˳ڵĽޣӶû걮ŹâȻİ׹һϵƲ㣬һīƣһк£˲ɢȫ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶҲ֧Ųסʶʧ֮ߵյһϸߣҶ۵֡
˾պ˫ק˾պĸ첲˷ܵУ˾պ˾պ˾պ
أ˾պǵһǵһϲϵظ캰
޷ΪʲôôˣֻԼ֪
ǵһǵһѽ
˾պЦһȻ
ǰ㵹ֱѹ
æüסһֻĴϺ׵ĺ󱳣ôôˣæҵ͵ҩӴһŲյ
Աߵʿ˵յôСһ̣𾪵ݣƷ
¾ȻƳƷյ
ܱܲԣʱڵ˿
˵һ˾պѾ죬ιĵҩС
ſҩʱ̫ʵ͵͵ᴥָֻϧ̫ٶۣȻû
㣬ˡͷ˵ҹȥȥõơ
˾պıǣôǻʿȡơ
ȫµ˶ܿжôܡ
ۿһӣǴ㽫˾պ˶ľˡ
ˣŮǺܴģ
ƽʱβͲʱӡ
˾պɿذס֣ĵ㣬ˡ
Ҿãһߡ&gt;_&lt;


76 
 β˾պߵʿǰ
ʿЦݲãϲڵ콾һڶǸժߡһпҲͲˡ
Ƿˮ˼
ţǶءͣС
ʿȡƵݸ˾պ ˾պֶû̧һָͷ˵ģ
æɿ˾պȥ ס־Ų㣬ûֱӽ˴﷨
ֿճ ̷סᵹ˾պ
ԱƲǡ߹ڿӵƣ ϲľյӵƣ  仹ģ۾ĺ챦ʯܶ
Ҷû˵·ʱ۽ƳһԱߴŲߵˣ˾պ
ϾͬţպؾòսҶк䣬 ֪ΪΣſʱ;鷳Ʋʱû˽¡
ҶʶصǸ˲ˡ
Ʋ£㿴ֲ еָ ָһ£ͻһǵһͻɢ
ʱ ˾պһ ԹĿĿһ һᵽɤۡ
𣬡㲻ϲΪӮĵ𣿡
Σϲ
˾պ˵㿴ֱӾͰѵƷŽ˴
μˣֿƣҵҪ
˵㵽ұұ㣬ŵƣ۾գգСҪҵţ
˾պЩûסЦ
ʮǿ̧̧֣ͷϵķ٣˵ϲͺãóˡ
ͷʵǺ۵ģǧڴ̣ϵؽǼɺԵʶ
˾պӲ࿿ϣȥϢһٻȥӣ߲
˵ľǻ걮ԱߵʯףǣӶܿʯϢ
ãҲȥʯأ
ηȥʱʯϡ
ĵóβͲɨһ̨ףź˾պѽ
ºæ֧һСӣһ¯㣬ŰڷȪһЩƽʱԵһ۹βͲݣ͵͵һëë˾պǰ
ΧкܶˣһҲ˵Ŀ
ʱ˿̣۾ֻ
˾պҺûƴȫȥһ
Ūúβ˾պԱ£ãͷеŮ˾պҶĻ
̧ͷһȹŮվǰɣ˵һŵתָκ󣬽ȹĲɰ£˾պһ̨ϡ
ϻڣۡϴһɵ㣬Ŀ㡣
ҡ΢Ц˵Ұ㣬㣬ǲǻһ
˵ʱһ˫Ŀһգգض˾պеת˾պǺϻڵӣ˲Ƥֻ࡭
΢΢ɳƣ˵ʱշתƴ˵ĹӣȻߣܿóòʶһءЩˡۻͷƳ˲ԶȺ˭ֻԼ֪ˡ
㶡
ǰĺϻŮӺͶ䶼һ˵ζ
˾պÿ
ʵϣ˾պĳڣָԭò
ͻȻͺƯ飬ժһĽš˿ŹӴԣιԼʱ˸䣬ݵ˾պߣҪ𣿡
˾պûſڡ
ŵҲû£ִͣǰĴ
Цһ£˾պҶ㻰ʽЩȤ磬дһ
Χ۵˶ɵˡ
ϻڵۣԼ˾պ
Ľ˵ʲôأϻڵʽϣ˴ҲûоԼ˺ʲôףֻҲǵҪ󼫸ߣܱϻڵԼ˾պײ˴ˣ
Զϻʿ˽
ʦ㣬ʦΪʱ֣Ȼʩչһ֮ѲɣСӻֵܵʦ
ҡӣ΢Ц˵Ҫԡ
ôܣǿʦ㣡
˾պϲǸŮޣҲǿ˵ģԣŻöԷԪľ֮ʱ֣һλᣬ»ؾ͸ˡ˾պᣬԪǿþˣԪȶ״̬Ǹ겻ӡ
ֻгԪȡʶľ֮ʱʩչпԻס
ǣǿˣǸ˾պԪûкľҲֵܵ۵Ļ֮
ֻ˹ãʵǸŮޣǲǲء
棬Цڣ˲űǰ˵ǸţµӸƤǳֻͷɱԴһ飬ҿСӡ
һ£˵ͦװѽдҹٳٹ顷ˡ
˵òأȴװһӣǵԱߵŮۡ
ûбջȴɵɵضۿͺסһǵԱߵŮ޽ŵòС
ô˵ʦ㣬ҪҪһʦ㣿
ҡͷýԵԣΪԼ޵úãȫµ˶󡣡
̨ϣ˾պƬ̣ſڣҧǰĺ
еƮһĽתͷûȤԵмǿԱ߶˽ûȤԱߵСʦòڵʱ򣬶ȻȤˡ
۵һֱ˾պϣδŮˣֻҪϵδʧܹ
øһЩЩˣǿķǡ
Цһ˾պ£˵㣡
ˣϻڵıӶ飬㲻ô
˵
㲻ܲô̼⻹
Ȼ˾պһӾң
סϵĽЦеŤˡһ̣ˮᵴ˵Цô˵Ļһ˵˾պļ΢΢³¶һС硣
˾պ˵öԣҿҲƤ࿴ࡣƿ޹ǵŮˣûͷһʵЩĿ
ɫࡣϻڵĹؾջʧҲǨŭˣֻ˵Լ㣬ûȥúвС
֮ȥ϶ҪͬЦ
ವһվͷҲص뿪ߵʱȭͷҹɣҪ㵱ڹ£ҵĽż⡣
˾պѺϻŮߺеСȸԾ
̨ϣֻʯ£ҵҡ
˾պϢʱпպ顣
㿴˰ɣ˾պǵһľǿԸĵģҪͷôɢˣ걮Ĺɢˣ
Ҳû뿪˾պܵ걮ŵԭ
걮˾պаȫС
Ȼ˺ü鶼δ֡
ʶſѰһȦʯ¿顣
֧ʵʯ֮£޹⣬ơ
ʯƷ϶


77 
飡ͷŵ˾պܳ ۾˯ˡ
ָպܹµ϶ûо˾պ ֱȥץָʯϵ· ȴ֧ʡ
ûʵʱҲ
Ļʱ ǰʯٴη⣬Ĺâӵײһ· ˱ߴʱ ǹâб ߴɽϵıա
׹ܣŷɿ£ŹתһУԶԶȥĻһֻۡ
ţһ졣
˶ˮ
һˮյ䣬 ɺǧ
ֻһˮȴǧأɲǣ ضɽҡ̼ ԶǶܿһƬط˱֮ɫ
ֻһˮȻ̲˰ʱ ǸɺԵѾ΢΢ʪ⣬ գۼ䣬 ͳһƬīɫ̦
ѹ˵ˮ࣬һ˥˵»вҲų׸ûŷʳһա
޴ı仯ְסԼĿλá
̫ˣǿĿҪײǻĳ֣ס
ʶ飬ʲô£ԭһʱ𣿡
鶼ǰд𰸣ڣ֧ʻڵϡ
ǿҵĲʹתӣ˫ȥǸλãͷųҪȥץֻʶδﵽʵ磬
㣬ôˣ˾պλش𣺡ҵܡ
һ̣ʹһ⵶̴ĺѪȴݵʧȥ˷ԪҲʹ·𱻴˺ѡ
ͬʱûκԤףһ¡
ֻнڵ̫С·һֻСӣ޷֮
Ҳʱ˺𣺡죬죬࣬࿪ʼˣ
ǰƮѩ
ѩ˭ϣǸ˾ʧ
ʿҪţҲҪ㣡࣬ѡеˣײϴԵ
׷ѩƮ䡣
ֻµϡ
䳬ģΪߣҪȥҲЩѩ
ڲ֮ǰεĶͷһƬѩѩƤֻǰȻŷҫ۵İ׹⣬˼˺ԼĽâ
һ̣ѻһļ£ϲϡ
̫䣬ģʶ
˭
ҺͶθµĴϲӣô
нҿͷϲ
ӶˣƼϰڷžƲˣʹȥԵӡ
øһðһؿԱ߶С㣬ͷԼңϡ
еصϡ
ͷϵ鱦˵ЩүΪ׼ĵҩպүȥСɽҲҪú֪𣿡
⣿
׵Ҫ·еƤܲ
ϵĶһҲ
ͷһ𣬾ͺϵĲѣһ׷ðͷ̼䳤деݡ
ݷˣʶ
Լʶѣܿ췴Ӧࣿ
ұ
ܶ඼һЩ۶ɣһ϶ռ䣬˵һãܵõʹС
ģȻǣɲ֮УΪͷ֡
Ļոһ˲䣬Ϊ˾պȾĽɣѾ׺䶥̡֮
ǰۿɢ˵ԴϽ࣬Ӧñһǿ
ûʱ˵һ
Ҫܳȥ
ηԼʩչβͲҲˣΨһܿģʶڵС磬Լ
һ֦õͺͷʡ
ǰʶڶ޷飬͸Ļþؿ
Ʋûκ·ȥ
Сһһط⣬ں
κ飬ûаӦ
ź飬ûȻƮƮ壬ֱ䵽ĴϣССĻը˲ȼһƬ𺣡
һ̣ξͷ̨ϣǣˣû׹Ȼû䵽ϣԱ߻ۣոǵ׺ˣΪͷˣʧˡ
Ҳ֪λѶɽ٣׶ˣ
ν߬ŵǺ
һһûˡ
ǡʱԵ˾պҲۣΣôģ
Ŀʯ޷ıϣЩܵػش𣺡ǣҿĶϲ
ʣأ
˾պһߣĵûˡʵȥʶ˲ԣƬﲶ׽Ϣʶûż뿪
еڴ
ź£źͷڴϵȴĽ㣬ˣ
֪Ǽ٣Ҳ볢һ£ȥ
Ų򶴷Ȼû£þʧˡ
ΪƳ˻þ
˾պ̧ͷָָ걮ͼһݣ˾պ˵Σ㶼ǴͨĵӷͬĲߡ
߿ʱࣵһˣһнɫֳʯˡ˾պƳ࣬һһ
ʿʱһеϧ̵ʱƳ࣬˵ǿպؾܴչȭţһɳ졣
ƳԼҺ󱲣пû뵽걮Ȼôôǰ񵽺ֻܲǿȣûʲôãǰ࣬¼ƽΣǸñ
ˡһ䣬ʦûûü̵ǣұһ죬࣬ҪųúôҪġ
˳ģܶ඼ԴϽ磬һ磬ٵָҷҲû˵˭ε֪ϽЩϢģǿӡĳصɲСЩءǿԴ˽ǧ磬̬
һܻøϽ֮ǲǣлֵ˽
ʿСֵĻְһ»걮עּɡ
ҡͷܾˡ
ƨŲ󱳽ʯ쵽ķ϶ȥץʡ
ץס
ļ١
ӻεʶ޷ˣͻ飬ӦøϽйԿԸһͷԭȥǰĵط
ô죬ʶȥǿʶü
㣬㵽ôˣ
֮ǰץ
ڣڿǴ϶˾պüͷ΢壬̧ʩ˸磬һ򵥵ڵ
޷͡˾պ׷ʣֻܺ󱳵ʯ£
ץ˼¶ͽͣμÿ޳
ʱʶڵСƮ˵ϵıʡ
һ̣εĴ̵ֱĻ磬Աû˯ǻǴ󣬹ס顣
ܿеıʣ״̬ƺһЩ
֮෴ǣԽԽСҲ
ССĻ³ͬʱ³һ顣һк˻ƶСſʶ롣
١
Ѳɣ˵ԭģ
࣬ǷͲС
飬ֵǸʲô
֪𰸣Ȼطʺȥ̽һС
Ťͷ˾պȻȥɡ
ȴϣ˾պ۾ֱؿŲԶƲƾճ֣ӦǴˡ
һͶڵϣ˫գ޵úġ
걮ϣͬƲºһߵӡ
ţݱ֣ƲºƳ࣬һڶ
˺ʣôˣ
Ʋ»ڻþҭҭػش𣺡أ˵Ҳϲӡ


78 ²
Ʋ˫ ˮָ֮
ӵƵűߣǱߵĶ䶼ѹ۳ء
ʿߵƲ±ַͷ תһģˡءһ ·ըһ
ţƲ£ ѳ˻þˡ
ڵϵƲ˫һ ɿ֣ һãȻؿܣ Χ˺ɫѪɫ˲ȥ촽ˡѹΡί֯һֹסٴζ
Χѿʵ̫ˡ
ϣ˵Ŀ Ȼȴʮں˰ܾýΪЦ ˰ϵλֻҲһ·µ
ĳˣ
Ҳ֪Ǻԭ Ʋʶؿ˻걮
һ˫ڳ۾
˾պ
˵˾պȥлȣ ּԺ͹ԣ úƱ߸һܲ ԽҪ塣
Ŀطֱ꣬ϵĲʸһƿߡ
ȻƲתһֱֻؿҲӿί嵭˶˾պų⡣
һ̣һͷ˾պҡ
˾պһҵġ
Ǿܾ۵˾պңǾͲٿЦ˰ɣ
Ʋһ촽⶯Сغ˾պ֡
ν˾պӣܸоԭص˾պ첲ƺ·ܶķľ
˾պƲµķһӣͷһ˲䣬üɷ֮ſޣ˾Լ޶ϣһ̾ͽҧɡ
δ׺ݵ񿴹
΢һǻ˾պˣǻȥòãܹȥƲ½ӴԽ࣬ӰͻԽ궤סɵҲԽ죡
˾պ
˾պʲôǸǲǹ򣬶ϵǱҪģ
˾պƳһۺƲ£ȭͷԼĿλᴷһ£˵ȥͻȥôˣѲǿñ˿ޣ
ǣε֣߰ɡ
˾պƲ½εε˾պŲûͣһ£ֻʣ㣬ΪʲôҴߣЩ˻һ۾ϳҡ
˵꣬ǰһҲϲؿ˵磡ڼĺˡ
˾պ˵Ϊʲô
Цڴؿ
һֱڿĿڣ˾պո궤ʶˣҲûףɫ糣Ҳûƽʱʱȱ仯
ʻͷûֱ̧Ӵһ䣺Ϊˣ
˾պһͷŤһߡ
͵͵һģʲôӣҲϳ㡣ǿԼġ
˾պ̧ķ٣˵Ҳǡ
߰ɣ߰ɣȥɡ
ȥ·ϣ˾պ߽ɽҴӽɽʱӡǣȻֻܴӽȥ
ͷеżһȥ·Ͳ˿𣿡
˾պţɽ·ߣǰŻȥ
͵˰ɽ·ԺԹȥˡ
εŴ飬˾պֿ̤ɽŵĴһ˰ǰ⡣󷨣ʯ˲ãתʱ䡣
˰壬ֱʱԺӣȥݣغŴڽơ
ţϣѱסȫ
˱ӵС
鱾СպԳʵ壬ëʴӴϸϸؿһ£ǲ֩һƣֻϸ˺ܶ࣬ǽ˵˿ڡ
룬ſºСԱߡ
ţǱ̵顣
Сֻƴᷭһҳֻ֣Ȼϲ
ֺңÿһʶƽֻ̣һۣξ;۾ʹۣһʪȾѪ
æֻۣϣʱָӵĽǣһҳı߶鷭ҳһֻۡ
дľҶ۵Ĺ£ʼ
򿪵һҳҳɿ췭ֱ˽졣
ּģݺԿ޸ĵĺۼܿȥԭġҶɵػõһȴͷ˼ܵĳףΪƲӮӵƣȻõǵڶ˶֪Ŀף걮һˡ
ҶƲ»ȥȥҰҩݣȥƵҩ
չºҶ۰Ʋ½ѵ˰ͬҴͬŵֶΣʹϳΪڡ
Ʋѡֲʱϵһࡣ
Ҷڼ˺ܾòųѾ۵˵Ҷۻﺰɣһֱԭعִ뿪ƲȻȻسԴףҶ˱Ť
ԭľ顣
ԭֱĨȥµֵǽ¼¼ϡ
ҳ޷ʱͷһӨ׹ʱƬ⣬Ѳ鷭ʱʹõ裿
дС֣۶С
ʶעУüͷš˽ᡣ
ʲôأʲô
˿˿춼ҡ飬ÿ촹ͷɥӺÿ
ۣҽ˿˿ҡ飬ҡˣɺҡһеͷΣ᲻᲻ɺϣҵ
ԼһҡʱΣʱ࿪İ˵ұģһǣôˣ˵еͷΣ˯һͺˡ
˵Զ֮³ɣȥˡеۣϣһƣòԡ
أԺҪ˵
ӦԶ֮һ϶ʱʱ㲻뱩¶ڣʦˮ
ԭʱܹڼ̵ʱ뿪϶Ҳйϵ
˿˿ѩ֮飬ϵƣֶһôֵһ˿˿ôˣȻҶ֪ô͡
Ŵŵҡ
ôùǬ䶼ͲʲôöһΣҪҵѩ֮飬ץܹӣʦѩ֮飡ǣڰ
ǰץңҸˢƬء
С̫ˣһһ꣡ӴҺ˺ܶ£飬ڵط򣬶һӦ
˿˿ԽԽˣ񻹲ˣûƭ
ԣƭһΣҲֻƭһΡ
дú鶯Ʈݣʱʱһ֦÷һŲݡһǡһֻưһпɰãͣʼ
ǰֻửƬƬ
ÿζ˵Ҫ˵ĵصȵ󼴿ɣɴı£ܿƬصȰ
°벿Ҳ
һ֣λ䣬׹ѡ
˿˿ܿЩĻӦѾ䡣ǵգǰͰǱ飬ҵԺиң֮飬ʱȣֻܾҷֵ㡣
һϽʿƬؾнһӶﵽĳĿģĿǰΨһϣӣϽ֮Կ˼α
ڴ걮һ˲䣬ͶһЩ걮ŵıΨ¡ﵽϵˣϽܳΪţܼ걮
˾պõһ󣬴ŭ˴˵α񷣣ĿӦǳͷ˾պӶشعԭλã˾պͻƳϣ걮໤
ԭʧȥâʱ̣ŵ߬˾պ֣ΪźľʱĵطΪ˾պҲƴȫ
ԭΪѼɹƣȻÿΥ뷨֮ʱܻܵвһɣΪ˾պнԭ㱾øƬغǣң޷ǣ㣬Ȼ˾պϵʹܿ̽뷨Ϊ˾պкҪһɻȱ
ҪԿͱ˾պ˵Ķԣûôܣдˣֻܿܲдһ飬ͬ˾պһдǧһд֮ûչעÿһ飬ֻƶһЩֻҪŭֵˣӰ쵽Ľչ򲢲˷㡣
ֶȻ类紵ҵĲݺ
֪ʲôĿˣ
ֵǸˣˣȡ֮˼Ҷһֳͷ㣬ˣ׵̫ˡ
ģǸ˾պԼŬУҶ۷֮󣬲ԾȺ;ˡ
˾պܣһޣ㲻Ҫٸƫ̫Զͻαǿǰܣ֮ϣܣ²е
ˣ벻κΰ취ֻܿԼ
˿˿֪㲻ʱƴһȥԿʱסһ㣬ţһֱڵ㣡
ּԽԽңгһۡ
۵ĩβּѾ˼£ˣҲСʶ
ǸȡֵʱԱ͵ĽʵҺϲƬأϲˮ֪ĶԾ
˿˿ֵĻϣǡ
Խ


79 ƫ
ڱο޳ˡ
ʶһֱССëʣ ȥˡ
磬ʼոо ȻľֻĻþ ܸܵ
ȥ顪ϻ᲻дһʲôʱ
ࡣ
ָܳȥ٣ ܿ죬ָ϶Ѫ ·оʹ һҳʱ ģҧٴ
ѪҺھ֮бڣùޱȣȼյѪҺΪȫע˰رֱֻ֣۱յͨ죬Σ ֱ϶һƬֵۡ
ͻ弫ʱмĿԾѪӶס
Ѫ Щȥײɽ ٲȫתǱպײ˵ķ׽٣Щֻ֮ Ͼ˯Ҳ
ô ΪҪȥƴ
ּһҳʱ һըͬһʱ̣ʶͻȻ˵۵ʦû
С罾ػ˻Σ΢üϨˣҾϴγԱ˵ȻҶȲʦ
⻰ɿ֣һйա
Ƭ̺󣬿޵øˡ󱯴ϲ֮£ʼãһ߳һ߶ûͺãûͺãأ̫ˣ
ðβŻ
ոһףȻҲαв˵ĻƬسҪα˷ĨɱֻҪûӰ쵽ԭľ飬һֻ۱һֻۣɴײꡣ
ѪͻƣӰ쵽ʲô
ˣ׺ܿ죬ѪͻƵĻԾԪӤҶ۲еһͻԪӤģ˿ͻƣΪӣӵҲƵڵӣ׾Ǹ˾飬Ӷ˱ñҶɵˣ
ķˣ׾Ͳ棬ǣֱ䵽ϣ
Ӳ̫⣬֪δϢ侲ͼ͸µЩ
취˾պԼαŲᶴϤҵ뷨
鵱ʱƲ˾պħױѹ۾ʱܸӦԼڲնϵȻʱգδδ˾պ۾й⡣
ԼԶԭľеҾܰʵӰ졣
ҶڵӵһĳͻƣԭѾдµЩ飬ްӰ죬Ϊʱֻĳ֪·ˡ
ҪԿαĻֻܴѰϽ籦ѣҵҶ۴ЩĻԵҶ
οһ顣飬ԸϵܿҶۣǻ걮ûлû걮
ǿи˾պĻصӰ졣
˾պȵ飬ʱܾҲαĿơ
ʱ㡭
ʵһЩ뷨ϣãΪ뵽Լļˡ
˵ڵҵˣǵ
һʼ뵽ǻŮӣĪǸجΣ䲻ǵе׾ʲôǿֻšʹô˿̵¡
ѪԵһӦģ᲻ᣬǵڳܿѣ
ǰôɢͳ嶯ˣ
ٽĿǰһӣͣǼֻСөĻ飺ˣÿԱҺͻһڻΣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ҡͷصҲѽôʲôң
εʱЩдĵһ֡ʲôأʲô
ȭͷԼʲôأЩʲô
ֲۣӻ
ڿҡҪʶκ۾׷ʣˣոʦ
飺԰Ҷд˵
ȡ𣿡ദôãûΪȡһ֣Ƭﵮ飬ȰƬһһľˮԽһ
Խһֱ֮䡣κ˶Խ
ԣҲԽ
һ뵽Щξ絶ʣѡ
飺Լȡˡ׼סǸڵˮա
һ£õģʲôһŻҪˮΪ
飺ˮ𡣡
Ҿˮ
Σ֪ôָܰĵرι㣬㻹ܰ𣿡
ҡͷȻҺԶѽʦѾֹסˣ˵ԪҪıĶӦãϵŶˣʦдĶģչ֪
ҡ£նصΪԲ»
ˣ˯ˣٿ˰ʦ㲻Ҫԭľ飬Ҫ
С죬Ҹʦ˵Сˣƫġ
ǰʦƫġ
ڿ˵ϲƬһãĻݲݡ޳㣬µŢ±ߵСʯӶ
ɱΪʦƫСѽ
˶
˵꣬΢ƽȣ̫ƣٴ˳˯


80 
ӣ ˷š
˾պû
ҲûڣͣӦѧ ʸʺֲ
룬ֱŵҡֻҪͻԪӤھû⣬ Ӱ첻ҶۣŽ𵤣ԪӤԶء
һӽ̺ ˾˹α ת뵽鶼˯ˣ Ϣڻ֪Ƿ񻹴ڣ ʱܲͲ˰ɡ
ʩչκ֮Уվվȣ˵ʩչ֮ٳβͲݣǰӣʦ˵Ļƽʱʱά״̬ ĹҲֲ
ʩչҪ죬Ȼѧˣ תٶȻǷȱ ͺ˵ĽѾǰŸոջӳһҲҪ죡
˿죬 Ҫȣ ȿˣ ǲŻȥ׷Ѱһ硪ǿ
ڷ֮Уϰ֮ʩչ˵ˡ
죬ҲȣƽﻹԼѧʲô죬ѧҲûзϰжɢӣΪҶ۷ˣбԾȣ˵ˡ
ӱ˾գصˤϣҵ˵һ졣
۵죬һһظԼޣôֹסֻҧҧվ޵úܴҪ𣺡
һΣľ˽صڽʯϣθоԼĺ󱳲Ƥۡ
ͷϵķɢˣͷˮһ𣬺һڵߡ
ֱݺһĨ

ʱÿλذ壬̤ţĳЩۿĽһһܼ
ǰһߣ񣬻Ҫˮ֪һ
ոհܽڵĽһٵʱˬŶûǰô䣬ˮ֪Ͽ÷ǣϣµڵڽ÷ꡣ
һ룬ʱüͷһ壬һ˲ʧü˼ˮ֪ĽµĽʧЩӿֱ׹£ʱӦ³÷֦վȡ
èһ쵽ððʧʧġ
𱸣Ȼڰ彣Ϻˮ֪Ľ÷֦һȥʱһڽϣô£
˾պڽɽϣĿڶѪ
Ԫ˵ôʲôʱһ۾Ϳ˾պˣתͷˮ֪ģϵĽˣΰɣǿƽ˵ģ
ˮ֪ĵͷⲻ󣬹ؼԪ˵յһǱƴľȫҪɽɽ߽͵㷴
ʱҭסͫߣ˾պһţ͵ᣬֱͽܡ
ˮ֪ģǣóľ͵㡣
ʱǻСؽ˾պ𣬴˰塣
ս磬һŵֱˤ˳ȥˮ֪ķӦ÷ס˾պֱҵϡ
ʱ˿˿ڷʲô裿һ𣿡
嵽⣬žžĴţ
ˮ֪ģûõģֻԼСѾ˾պϵĽˣֻԪһʱָˣúúŲС
ǣȫˡ
ͼŵʱ㶣ǵòţˣٵȵȣٵȵȡ
ˮ֪ģ
ʱ˵ôһһұΪѾˣȥ޵󷨣ֱӵȥǵ죡
󷨣ֻ»ûֱӽˣҲñ
ãҪʿ࣬˴ð
һתڽ
ʱȥˣΪ˿˿û취Լ߳ȴû뵽֨ѽһˣҡҡλε߳ʱʱϡ
ǰͷɢ׵˿˿
ôƯСŮôƴˤ˵أòҲ̶ã
ЩƤˣʱӭȥ˷סιһشһյ˻ʣô£ôͻȻܵ
˾պˣ
ҩѾöˣȻôۣƣվԭؾֻʱϿ
ΣܣûаǾǰ̫˯һöûУǸҡѹڱһ죬һû˳ʩչԼûˡ
Աߵʱ˵ң
ˮ֪һЩûסЦ
ΣҲǡ
ʱͻȻ˿˿֪û֮ǰǰʲô𣿡
絽ܶûһ˿ġˮ֪ģĽһֱѪﻹʯͷɽһһεʧܡӣʼջѣĻܿܲѡ
ҡ̾˿ʯ絽˿ϣԹô㣬ȴΪѪ֮ⷽ䡣
ôԼûأʱ۾ԲģִרעؿΣɷϣÿһĸı䣬𡣡
λ˵ʲôʱ±ˣˣȥú˯һɡ
ֻƤһһʱС
ʱη˿ϣ˾պ˿µĲݵϡ
վ˿Աߣһҡ˿һ߷Ѷ
һԻ󣬡ûʲô°û˭۸Ī˿ࣿ˵Ǹ࣬һŮ޵ĲŮޱİúܲңʬУԵɺӣγһþ
ǻþǿŮǸһ½СأӦòô𺦲Ŷԡ
ˮ֪ģǿǻδȫ߳þ˯һͺˡһгһ֦÷˿ϾһȦ㽫÷ȵعͷ˿
ʱ̾˿˿ӦԷҲʵȥˣϸĺͶˣǶڣúö
бһ۵ϵ˾պԼͽܣûסȥһţевҪ˿˿ģնģ
ˮ֪ģ㶽
ʱҡͷͳӣӴ
ˮ֪ģ
Ҿָ֪㡣
գ۾ͱӣʦгȥתһķֱһ˿եɡ
˾պ⼸յڴϢһʼţôͿڴ廨̶̼죬ÿ˶˫Ь棬Ѱ˸ף
˾պͻݡ
ʼն߻ԭľ顣
ֻƴܼĽӴ
Ϊڵϣ˾պһĥ˳˳ľ顣
֮࣬λǼǵõѪɫɳӡԼÿ쳢飬ʱ׾Թ϶ת۹ȥ¡
գͻȻɽ˾պ
θպ꣬ԺĲݵϴڴڵĴµʱ䣬ΪʶرʶѾܹʵˣССһʶͬһϸ룬ֻϧúܡ
һգָͷѾǼŤͷһ˾պţ㡣
Ǽһ춼ҪؽŴҪһžԲ򿪣
˯ʱ˭ܽ䡣
˾պ᲻ȡһӰʯƲͷϵİںö˶󹺣
ôɣܷܲһС
ɾͿԣؼҪ죡
㶣ʲôҿ
еӰʯһת׼Σ㿴
ӰʯϣƲͷǬİ׿ȸȥ󣬳Ŀȸӷһֱ쵽ȹڣһذ׵Ĵ磬ȴΪǸȸӺݻ߸ϵo

ڣ
Χ˺ܶˣšϣڵͿ泤ϡ
Ʋ¹ڴ룬ֻ̲
ԼʲôôͻȻͱץ֮ϣ˶ǿѹ̧ͷ
һϵȻ
Ʋ£㣬ķӺζʵа


81 

Ʋ²̫˵ ѯ֮ˣǴǰؾáʵϣ˾պ͵ġ
ʱ˾պ˵л ûͨͨľУΪֻǸС ־ͷ˴﷨ʱ˾պӡ󲢲ãԭһμʱ ûһ˫ﶼʹͽţ 
ٴμ Ѱ壬 һƣֺ̾
ȣоǱҰ޶ϣʱ̳ܽ븹һ㡣һĶߣʱƲ¾ԼǱ߶ϵˣ ˾պ뿪󣬶ûľϻӿһۡ
ֱǰʱ䣬ҴĶ ľϻ
ִԺ Ʋ¾ͱӯȥȫδĿȸѩ׵ɫȴΧ̺עĿ ɫʶΪģ ֻĨף ɽ֮ѩǺ顢Ʋۡ
ľϻǵʱ˾պ͹ġ
ǣ˾պ͸Ļ
ʹһ㣬Ʋ½뷢٣еԼʱͫš
û뵽һʷı仯֪Щ˵˵Сұ͸һС˰ѡۡ
߹Ļˣʲôס
ԭǲ̫ģϲȴҲһûǰܴܲ͸ԼĶȻЩӣ֪˺ܸܿһʱƲļ٣ͷս顣ϾҲˣǼİ޳ղ
һʼ»ҹ
಻ѵģʦֵҪƳӦúܿŶԡô룬ȴҲʦɣʦֱȥʱһգ϶ûôߣʦֻ볹ƽؾлִ
֮ʦֺûʳѰ
ǣƲʰվ뿪ʱĵطȴΪĵһ۾ܿԼ
ܱѱȥǸŮˣһʦͼżĴˣƲʶ˲ԣҲǿҵΣС
˰
ڣȴΪץ˴ϣʲô⣡
ֻݵԥһϵΪһȣشֱûʶ
һƲѿڶ˾պ͸ҵģ˾պ͵ģ˵һѪȻոյ඼ˡ
˾պǸ˾պڵǸһԵͿȭײһ𣬷žһ죬Цһⲻͽˣʱ
һûռڱˣأô˼ģʯúӹתʮ꣬ŵĻõ챦¥ȥʣһ£Ȼǣǰʰ֮ѩɽʥȪʮ÷һͩƵķǰ͸Ů񡣡
Ŷ˭˵ʱѪ΢ĸǵײСģͿյһںŻǲǵʱİǴӺζģɲڵˣõŵҲˣž룬дҶĹ£û׼Ǹʱ磬ȢѪĴأǰɡ
ʱ
ʱϹŵƲºƤ
ƲͷǷ͸һɽĤݵϢѪЩŬƵĻӶһ´ðаŵúܣǰȥѪѸܵǹڿһƲͷǼëҪˣ
ʱ֣һԼŽǹ볤ӣУڵϹǴǰƤаԸѹȥ
ʱ˿˿ίͰ͵ظ״
˾պͷ͸ˡ˿˿ֻ飬ȥط߶ֻһ䣬ڣʱΪǸͨͨķ
ʱƽʱԣһΣԹתü죬뵽˿˿һſɽ˿ʱʹ˿˿ûбĹƷ˿˿˵ûˡ
ûˣ˭뵽ߵǸҲأ
ʱ䲻ʶⷢĲʣȴҲףض弫Ϊϡ֮ֵʦڣ
ʱϵôʻڴǰչصһλɽ̫ϳӣ뷢԰ףλʱƤţžͣ񶼲ˡ
ʱ·ʱͻȻڣ˵
ʱʱ磬Ǹ˲û˵תʱȻž´µȭͷѺݺ߬
ʱϵãҵġ˿˿ݲܱ¶ֻⷢģڶ̶ʱڣ˷·
ʱĶеԹһΣȻ˲뵽ӦԴ𰸡
תͷȥʱٴοȷ
Ŀ￴˺ܶิ
Ϳ棺ʲôʣô೤ڣֲ˵ɣ
ʱȻȷԼĶһϲЦһ벻ɣںӹصĶһҹҴѰȥӹسǽɢģںƷ϶ϻӣͷװҵıèϿ϶¹ϻ˲ٺöأʲôѪ˵ûңŮٹܣԺ֪ʱ˸ĨӵĶŪ㣡
óǾɽĽ˿ҲϻıӦҲֵͦǮɣ
˿һóڳ۾Բˣʱ˵Ҳ˴롣
ʱߵƲǰֽ̧ϵİѻʱûƲͷ˼
ͽδ߷˵ܲܰĴֻˣҲԭ㲻ɣ
ƲͷƤ飬ʱҡ
ʱ˿ķ˿˵Сľͷˣʯ㡣ͳƷʯʱ˿˻ȥ˿ƷʯֱƲ
˵Ʋûʲô˾ǻ̲ῴƲ²˳ۣȻȻǨŭƲͷϡ
ͿЦЦ˵ŪĻҲ˵ڡŵڣܹ˲ġǡ࣬ôڣҪŪʲô£һô죿
˵кܶѪŶԣеѪأ֮ܽѪͬٻеġ̾˼ˮڻôһߣס
Ȼ羪ը죺Ǻξģ
Σ
Ϳ棺Ρ
ˣǴΣλǷ𣿡
ִݣһš
ҲŽʱڽأѪѣֻ硣
ʱ˫վڵڣۿЩˡ
ƺˣǰЩӣ˭Žر߽磬ɱЩҪǿдӹݵˡ
ǰδԲڵ£

ε΢һ£Ϊʱ˵Ȣ壬Ըܳͷ
һ˵ܳͷ̾ͲˣΪǻָ׬ʯһΡ
ˣǵ˰ɡ
ϴαնƵôΪ㣬תˣңȷ÷
Ϳ棺ҲأڶоԣƳѪɸɾˡ΢΢ңĿ
ʱ˲ʱνҴǸɸɾģ㣬һͿһϺζһ³ȷ޵Сͽܶˣ
ѩ˲Ϣնǰȴھһߴܽһ̲ˮգֻưʧ
ֵ˺ܶ࣬˶ĵˡ
ֻǸڣɽ١
ʱе죬䶼ѹˣˣ򲻹ܲѽ


82 
ϣ֮϶ҶԿ˳֣ ʱ
ʱڶѹţӦǰ죬ӽ̧ú ۿǹӰ䵽ԼϣϷƤͻȻˣ
ֱ壬 Ҳۡ˿̵ɫϣĿ¶â ŵ³ֵǼʿĶˣֳ֮һţ ɺͳ
ˣ ֿʱ Ҽǵ
ЦЦ輫ߣ޸˺ӹط󷨣ʡ˲ʯһ£㳤úƢһҲ񡣡
˵ͷһʱ磬ʱ࣬ 嶯ʤһԲϾͳ֣Ƣã һ
ͿͻȻλǰ ڿɲлʱôˣڵڸ
Цס б˵֮һۺڵ£ ˽ͣҲ Сһ֪ץ˶˶Ѫ˭֪ûиʲôЭ飿
ѹͷţڳ򽻵ƾʲôҪ
ʱ۾ˣƾʵû̫ϳϣʵ̫ϳϱչ̫̫ãǧڵһγأһ˰̾ӮĺøС
Ϳ汻ѹסͷ̧Ȼûбѹ壬סӷ֣ƴȫֵѹ
Ϊֱֱ̫飬̧ͷ﷢ңڣΪ壬ǧӣ㣬ǣ˵ʱѾͷĿѣΪһ̸
˷ٶʿУϻһλӺݻĸվӣĪҪԴС
ʱһ޺ͻȻţĵ⣬һ޴İ׻ͷӣϻ㵱ǲèǣڴ˴ιǿսͬΪɽڣİ׻ѾﵽƷ۷壬൱ڣһһޣǶɽ٣
ֻ޺ʱ涼ζ£ţڴɽĽڸӦǿ֮ʱԶԽХѹ
˿ܽڣ֪ڵο
ǱʻĽޱʹͷܵ붼û룬̧ͷֱӵƨ¡ŽԵʮֲͷдţ꣬Īӻȥ
Ķɽھһģ
ҪҪˣ
һǼ϶Ķˡ͵ŵʱˮһЩ꣬ʯʡãһһû˵ʯԣһЩҲܵȫС
޷ͻƣҶԪ˾ͷϹͷһøһΪ˰ʯʡǹͷˡ
ӿһİ׻еĽŻ൱Ϊ޽ԵʣһЩֻŶ̤ײˣŻŻǸˣǽ˲ġ
룬˵ɱ֪ĻΪǧӳħء
Ϊ˶Կħ壬ʿаʿУһѪɽĵ۹صħųƵΪ²Ϸչǧ꣬ôһ嶼ܸħᲢˣ
ɱ˽𡢻棬䲻ְɣ
Ϳ棺¾ޡ
ӴĻΪλ֮˶֪˵ЩûʵĻˡ
ΪϡʯһգԽԽѣɽ¹ػҪʯԭһȻӶɱ
ԴԴЩ߲ʲô
ͺڣϵ¶ţ˶ʯҲ̹
Żİ׻Ǿ˵˰ɣԴޣ岻ܲ棬һѪǿؼĵطҲģ˵꣬ʾС˵Ļѹ壬۶ûӦʱͼϻȻ̵⵽˰ǰͷţȻȥĽš
ʱһţ׻ûǰ£ûӦͺһԿ͵ʱֵ¡
ɽڵͻ˵ˡ
һɤ͵𣺡
ʱ
Ҿܾ
׻ٴη
ʱڵҪץңҵѪͷ
׻ҡԴͷصͷ
Ӷʱɶˣ˵һһɽ٣ԣ޶ʱкøУ϶
룬ʱǰȷǸ磬ħԣպΣ֮ģıΪΣ
ħԼˣΪ˾ס
ȴϣԵľԼˡ
ʱվǰΣ֮أ磬ʩޣû֮¡
ʱն㲻㣿ŷ֣ʱұ۲ԭоԹ
ʱһױãҧгݵصȻ㣬ܹѣҲǾܹ⣬һƴŵıҲҪʩչѪıأԣΪ޲ЧжϷ
ܼóǷı֮ģ
ԿƭˣҲӣΨ꣬Ϊʵ⡢ڡ
ޣʵЩֻ̫֮֮бһʩչԪҲñɵӣ϶ʱϡ
˵Ҫö࣬Ԫ֮ϣи年ᣬı֮ģȻᱩ¶ڻ֮¡
λǰɷ⣿
Ǹ߽׽޵һش𣺡⣬˵˰ɣ飬̤ɽವһ·ˡ
ֻɳȥֻ䵽ʱǰ˵СͽϴαȽ㣬ˣȽ
˵󣬽ת뿪
׻һҪˣ
ͷС˺ܶ࣬ȻԽԽԴܿҪˣ˭Ҫɱ
Żüͷһʹغͣ
Σʵ̽ڵʵչصЩϼһǲǶţûս
޾Ȼ첲ա
Ƴһ濴ź׷ƤʵΪֲӣոշХĽ벻̫׵ܽԼϻڣڰ׻ϣ̾˵ɡ
˭ϵʱͷĲˣԼҳء
ڳԲڡ
ֻеȵŵ˹ٴӳ顣Ⱥʦһ۸ڶ࿪ʼ˶ȥ
͸ˡ
Żޣ
ϻڸҲͷͬ⡣ϴΣʱĽ˺üϻڵӡ
֮£ֻܴӦ
Ϳ棺ڽޣɲһ㣬жϲ١ǳŪֻѪ˵Ѫǰࡢͼģֱš
ЦŵٱޣһҲ٣
ӣɽʿҲܳٱޣٱޣܳɢ
Ϳ棺оѪͻԶһʿͣǳڵĽޣһٰʮޣ
ۣһٱޣ
ŻͺϻŮͬʱһ壡ˣѹͬʱͷţֻ𾢷硣
ϣ̫ϳϣһʮ޿С
ʱվһʮޣãټȥͷҪסˡ
̵ܱʱóӣˮ֪Աţôܳȥ
ȭͷһ·֣ãЩϼһǱչ̫ˣôô⡢˽ķﶫ


83 Ů
ھһޣ ڱչصСϣϾҪͻƶɽˣķвжϡʶɨɨչصɽȣ պ̡
Ż죿˭֪ʲôʣ
ƳһۣǾ޴粽 Σ
Ż
Ťͷһ۰׻Ƥֱ죬 ֻܵѱ䡣
Ҳһֱ塢Ҫԭ
׽رǺ߽ܶ壬 Ȼѹƣ ڻѴѪޣ ܿϲη󵹸꣬û޵ʿͺñȻδԶһۣˣı˭ǿңЩ±ؿѱޣܹᲢ۵ˣ
ŻʲôЦ
׻Ҿÿԣ
һһͬʱ Żɫѿ
ӣ˭㿪ЦˣСͻƶɽٵĹؼʱ̣ܱЩëƤС´ʣ ҪԼڶɽٹؼʱ̣ ǻ᲻ȥϣֻҪûħ֣ͱҵţ˵⻰ʱ һľȣ ضŹȣ 淢˵죬Ǵصһ࣬ͨͨ
ͬʱϵƶʧ룬׷Ҳתࡣ
ӣֲʦ
ıֲһľ
ϻڸĵ̾˿ƺ𣬵һɾ̤֦̤ȥıӰͷǾպɣʱǻ֤Ƿġܹӵа˿ʱѪǿҲӦѪǿѣûǰǸѺһɳ죬Ĳҹ
˵ʵڣŵİ
ˡ
պĵϣ̡Ǻ˵꣬ڰ֣˵λֿ˿ɢ˰ɣĻҪǳԷ
ȻʱٴγҲֻķһϣҾòӦôųأ챦¥ǡһޣƾĹϵӦÿԽһá
챦¥ҵ챦¥
ʱ磬ˡ
Ϳ֣ڵ˿档
һվĶǵ¿Űۣ
Żǰ׻۰Ͱ͵سʱʱŭˡǰšϻ䣬ǰһȾѪŰѰ׻ߡ
ɢˣӽһأҪŭʱá
ʱûʲôоӣֻҪһ˻ԼͻҲûôᡣȻδ̫ϳ϶վǱߣȴææȥӡ
һ˲䣬˻ȥͷֻͷһʱʱһ£ָͷٽ
ͷ᲻Ҳ㣿
ʱ磺Ѿȥˡ
ӳ̾˿ͽɣҪģ˭ıӳ鶼һܲжС޵УҲá
ɫ졣Ҳ˶ֻ¶̣룺ԭΪŻѪôֻ꣬ô˫۾¶̰
ʱһһɨЩ˺󣬿䶢Լʱ
壬ȴ˫￴˽źͲ
ʱЦһЦջסƿߣĿƽȴͱӹˡ
Ϻܰ
˵Ҳ뿪
֮˱ӣһǵصôҪõⶫأ
ʱӹӣͷӳ޵ͬʱָḧޣӱһ·޼ӷ·ѪȫݹһŨҵѪֻУüͷʱѾ˰úܣ࣬ˡ
ʱûشƫͷϣϵĿʱʩ̣
ϴ𣺡ȻԽԽá
˲䣬ͼһѪͻʱ羹ȻӳޣԵ⣬޷ֵʱӷ䣬ͬʱʲôĶƹס壬һʱԶ
ʱ̨̫ϳ϶һۣղ
޳ԪʱһŭȣΪδʱ϶֣
Ʊϵĵ̹סͷݺ˺ϸûԼ죬ѿڶΪ⣬˵ǸµֱֻҪҳɹˣŵһߴεɻ
һֻʢűӵ̣˲Ѫɫȫޣһѵһ׹ء
˲ĻźչһЦǵģҲ뿴ޱ֮ˣ˵˻ѻˣҲ޷⣬Դ󷽷سϡ
⣺Ϊңʱ磬ѲҪ𣿡ü𣬡ŶˣӲţ
Ͳ֪ǳŲŵõȪһա
ⲻٿʱ磬̧ͷ̫ϳϣЩ꣬ڻܳȥҡӹݵڿˣڻӹ󷨵ʯô궼ħǺӹأҪļױ⣬类Ͽˡ
벻֪һ£жڵվߣóһƣ磬ǵ
˲䣬ںܶʿͣе£Цŵ˵һ䣬ףͷͬѽ
£Уףͷͬġ
ִһȻֱӳҪס⣬κոһͳһӰӰ䣬ŭһ
ιӳֱӷɳ⡣
ֵˣǶɽڣ
̧°ͣһǲҪһ´ңˣ
ֳ˵ллϳȡ
תͷʱ磬磬֪жȰţ㲻뿴ֱɣֵĹؼʱ̣ڵȫСǰȥʱĸ첲֮£ҿԵûﲻҿҵһǵ
ʱȻ˲СȻûֻ֡
ʱ˵䡣
ʱʶӦ䶼֧ˣʲô֣
ؼҺĸӦ
ʱ磬˵СèӶý䣬ź˵⻰ʱҲɿôҪŮˣ
شķʱ˭ŮˣԼһǣƨ£
ʱ̧֣ȡϵһöӽָ
ָժºò˱仯ް߰ף۽˳ϸơ
ʱôܣôֻС
ʱгΪڣôֻнˣ
ʱߵʱߣֻнˣµΪķ˿͸ΪŻɵֻ֪нڣסʱ
ǰǺܱۣ˵һ٣ɽ¹תҪôʯµҪڿˣʱô죿
ɽ¹޷ֵħ壬ʱͿ̿
ЩЦ̫࣬δѣǸ찦̾ĴèèҲ֪ǶԵġ
ϡһջᵶƴһʱ֮Ϊ㣬ܿ޴మŽ˼䣬ܿġ
ı죬ѪעսĹؼʱ̱²ݡ
ΪܳסڣסţʼܸһƬأܹȵĻţþĿѡ
ʱסʱֵ֣𣿡
̾һҳŲסҲٳˡʱ뽫֪ʱĻΪԸԹӶͷʱ֮£ЩͷΡ
ǵûãֵɡ
ʱؿűס֣ԽԽߣ룺Ū࣬Ҳ
˵Щʱһɡ
˺䣬ûʯزصסؾסӹأͨͨ޹ء
룬ֱӵԼӴԺ󣬸ɡ
ȭָ׺ݺݵؿģЦһӵúȰȰĪҪΪѣ
֮Ув
˦뿪ߵſֻͷʱ£¿Ȱ˵ͨʬҲװ˸ң
ƴī̵ĶҧгݵصһὫƳɿܣԶߡ
ʣסݺᡣӽ٣ӭϣãһ١
ЩˣΪʡʯ˵ǱչʵڽాΪǵΪ̫ߣɶҪĴ˵Уȫתķһ£ܽӹݵĿգ
ЩԸۺ˵ˣɽʵҲ࣬ò׵ӣȴû뵽ܵţģ
ĵĵľΪҪĵ׬ȡʯΪʲôΪغӹأħ֣Ƭأ
Լģǲǵõʱµԣ
ҵĲƸԴȻܽǵ͸һգӽץֱӳһϣʣ㣬ˣʯ߹
˲ΡΡػش𣺡û򰡣ίòУȻǰװһޡ
һȦ˵Ļ󲿷ļɵǸʱʱҲǼʡԼޡ
ޣ
ʱɵˣʱǰȻ
вɣ
ӣƻ˵ĵͽ׵ӸࡣȻµĵӣؾָܻܲͿʱȪ
ʱ̧ͷţиͽܣһ٣ԣһ˿ɵ򣡡
˿ҲĻ
ӣʵڲУҰǶгЩˣѾܶܶû㹻ˣԣһЩɳõ˥Ҳ˵ǵܴҪ²ΨȪ֮ػ
ܺһЩΪֲʦľԱ΢ôһ
гζţǲٵǸ٣ǰΪȼͷ
ϾͻƶɽˡһɽڣܵöһּɵӲִһץһɱ˾֪ʯûҪȻѪִãڵӵجΡ
ʱҪǣŸһͷأ
㣡Ǵ˵ϡ


84 ¶

Ŵ򿪣 ˾պ·˲ڰǰĿӰʯϣ ͫеâ
䣬ǰ ϶ֹƲйصһг˾պƤ£ ȴ֪ǲ
һζӣֻǶʱƲ¶Ӱ죬 ⶼΪ궤Եʣ ֹͬʣ ӭɣԼֲı
ֻܵⲻ͸Ʋµķ
ˣ͵ģô͸Ʋ£ôصĶ˵;ͣʲôϵ
˾պն巽ʲôϵ
ˣֵˣиϵǸˮ˵Ůӡ
ң ˸㣬Ҳݱƣ
һζλӼ֣ Ҫռ Ȼһˣںڰӯӯؿ ǲĿ̹ġ
˾պȥӣ ϸϸ궤 øƽʱõ廨һģһ
֪ԼԾͺ񣬷Сͯ˻ֻҪһܣļ¡
ֻҪһƲµ֣йصһУҲܣܣͼƲڸǵĹ⣬˸¡
Ȼ˾պû롣
ΪԱߣקס֡
ҡ֣ʣԣΪʲôҪ͸Ʋ£
ܵĵ¶ȣ˾պͷ۶ûôˣӷſգʲôȥ룬εķһ˵㣬ͷۡ
ȥ󣬿߶徻ĴԿաҲ֪ǴĶѧľ䡣
˼Ԫû˲ֱӻȥ
ôˣˣƤش⣬ֱװΣ
ҪҪ˿˿һŵذϰᣬҡҡͷûԼ£ðűΣհ˾պѣΣҲõȰǷķƷڳΣ
Ҫھȥҷ䣬һµ꽣÷
ʦôˣ
æӦ£תߡ
ȸտԺţͿֱӹϣüͷĪǷʲôҪ£
ˮ֪ɫأ˿˿ܽڣ
ƽʱöԽɢǿѪģؼʱ̣Ǹ⣬ʶʣʱˣ
ԭʱ£ȫ֪ǺʱΪ¡һֱⷽĵǣˮһ˵һӦʱĽˣ̫ͻȻˣˣĻۻû
Ļ۲ֱӰΣֱӰγԼһûЩһһһһҲŹ롣ô죡
˼ؿλãһֱӳɡ
Ҳ
Ҳڵ
ĺңָ׽ץƶûʵʣӣʦ𣿡ӣʦţµϣЩ
ˮ֪ע⵽С̧ʩչ˸ֹѪϸ룬ϻûаĶ
һ̣ӦΪǸĶ֪׼ֵΣĶĶȥ
Ʋ´ŷ䶯Ǹ˵ע⣬ʱȥ鷳
ԭﲢûзһϷ˵ʱٻ
ΣʱϷģΪҵݣ
ˮ֪ļԸµ˱㲻˿˿ͨС𣿡
ҧҧ̧ͷ˵ҲǣǰҵǷ˵ʥ
ˮ֪ĺһͣüͷԹԴڰ壬ﶼȥˡ
ʱôˣ
ˮ֪ģһοӦⲻ֮ҪľԼһѪ׷ѡ
Ҳʱɽ⴫ĺ
ǵص㼯һľˣŶһ㣺ףͷͬġ
ô£
ˮ֪룬óѶƬ̺ڴޣԴ˱ԪȷġʵܽڵĽ޳ϣϢԴɿ
ֱӳԪ
νŵͣࡢ١ޣ
ˮ֪ģһ塣ˮ㣬Ǵļˡ
ˣˮ֪ԻɫèоģҸһ֦÷ٴһƬӣԪָһЩ˵ġ
ʱǰǳΪĽޣﶼ޷ػţ˿˿ǰǶ̫࣬ˣ֪𣿡
ԭãƾǰڣסһֻСûʲô⣬񡭡
ˮ֪Ĳôˡ
˿˿һѪ
ˮ֪ĵָк÷Ʈ䡪֪ҾûɡĽ˿˿
ˣݵֻ
ǣèݲ¡
صͷԲ͵
ʲôʱܷ
ˮ֪ģʲôʱ㶼ȥЩϼһﶼҪȥȥ¶ڡ룬̧ڵϻ˸ȦµһƤ񣬾Ȧڳܽʲôʱ꣬ʲôʱٳ
ʶһһ֦÷ſһ´ϡ
ľͨǷ£һ¿Ͼ˸ϻ˸÷ӡǣǳ˸̥ǡ
ˮ֪ѵ¶鷨ԡ
εͷ֪ˣʱĸҲӸʱǵ鷳ô
ˮ̧֪һӣյԺŸ֨һ򿪣ƿӺ÷վſڣվűŶ
ڨЦӻ˵ʦùˣ
ˮ֪Ҫ÷һ£ʱţǵҰɡ
÷ԼĴ﷨תݣжҪá

֪ʦ㽫֧Ϊ˸˿˿˵ĻɱֵôԣͽܵĻ
˿˿ôʦĽȦסˣ쳤˾պ𣿡
»øһ¡׬ǮĲܾǷ˾պ˫ֶĳЩ˵óԽǿˮƽҲߣܽƽһ
ΣҲ֪ҪԼȥԼϸձ÷ӡչʾҳȥˡ
޳𪣬ȾϺ÷ӡǺ󣬸ˡ
˵ɱչʾ˾պ
Ѫ
Σ
ȥ߿һۣ˾պǻ˯״̬뿪
תʼ÷Ͼ
ǣǿʵһҪŬǰˣܣ

죬ζһֱûٵ¼ڡ
챦¥
һƬ޴ҶϱĿϢԶ֮üͷ
޷ѪɫɳɳڵɳСÿ춼ȥɳϿһӡǣûмϹ
ΪǸŵŶãͲȥˣ
Ѳɱǽ˾պʿ˽ǣ
ССͣıûѧᣬѧѪصķŵɳ㴥ȥˣתͷñĽǡ
Զۣ֮ͳһ֧ͲһȪº΢˵
ȸоܶˣԶ֮𣬴ǰϵŵ¨óһö
΢üͷɿʱҪܱ̣֮ѹСû˼Ҳɳˣԭա
ʱٿţ˵Ӧý鲻
룬˵ʱǰʱ̶԰ɣϣһƿ¶ȥ
Ϻܿǣӡ
ȵȡԶ֮ùϽ¶ݹͲڵһȪȥ͹ȥɡ
ӣȪˡ
Զ֮ڰ֣ҲһΣָ˺ȡ˵꣬ٴ£ܿ˯˹ȥ


85 ҿ
̾Ͱĵڡ
ŵʿҲˣ Դˣȫ롣ʿǮģʿΪߵǶɽٺڣ ͬʿҲǸֻ ʮɡ
ɡͲ ĿΪɨһʿ ̧һָǲܽ
ָĺȻˮ֪ĺͳӣ
سʲô˼ɫƵص
ˮ֪ġ ӣ ˶ǰˣϾܹʱ֮ڣⲻαس޳ָгָϳһֻɺڵǰ һ˫СţһЩ˽˽ס
ˣͷʦܵ
ˮ֪ĵľͳӣѾһˣ ܷ½Ƿڣ һûܽˮ֪ҪӲȻ ֣ ֻ׵£ ֱ۶޷̧ǾԵľѹơ
˵ףҲǸողͻƳڣԷѾǶɽٺڵĶǿߡ
ӣס֣ĪҪ嶯
ڵǣϻڡܽڡڡŸһɽڣԼ󻹸һɽ٣˿̵ڣĶɽڽһˡ
ľͷȺݺκŵڵɡ
ܿ죬͵ʱ䡣
ĴεƷɱ˳ֱޣǸӳȥ˼ӿվڵڻһƵʱĵ̾˿
ɵѾͷڻ֪¡
ƳһվʱҲ಻Զʱ磬Цŵȥɣ
ǸӷɵУӸߴʱһѪӰžһʱıϡ
ֻһޣʱϵĵȻάֲסҧţûܵʹ޳Ϊʲôôʹ󱳵ĵطҲһһָѪۣǱϸϸĵ̣Ϻ󣬽ϵⶼ˲٣ǵһޡ
ðһʮޣ
ûڶٴ£ʹ޷άΣЩǰԵڵأʱгһѩסΡ
ʱȻȵȣЩ¡ͳһƴСӶ׼ʱܵýдҶʱûġ
֪ʱƽʱʮԼװһǿ޵ģ̤ţʱΧƮѩ
ʱԼ棬Ҫӹݵ˶ͬʱ£ֻʹ顢ģ
ʱʱս־Ҳûסƺ߳
ʹ촽ſ³ݺѪ
ҧ
ٴ£մȾʱѪԵʣԭɫһѪһ㣬ڣһϸϸĺߣǡɷ
ܶ˶⣬ŭвԾɷɷͨ£ӡ
ֱ֣ץסӣס⽫СԲһۣʱжʱͶӰƷҲ֪ɷǲҲûܼô
΢Цɨһ۵ϵʿ˵ǲ飬ӰɣȻɷ˵һʮˣʮס
˵һʮޣһʮޣ˲ͣ£˭ܲסվֵһɡֵ˵㣬ʿһʮˣһ˷ָޣû׼ܽ
˵ѾɫҰ׵ʱ磬Ͳˣһڵķˣһ޶ס
ʱ磬ңʲôǡ
ֺ˹ȥӲͣлٵķֻҪҹģⱭɾƣҾ͸ǰһ·
ʱֳŽͷڴڵشϢѪ˳°ڵϽѪ
⻰ʱ͵תͷ˫һص
ʱͷ˵һޣ
ƿվǰ⣬ʱߣչȥʱƿֱָմѪϻ˸ΣվǺúÿţˣ
ŭޣ

ڸ÷Ѿ۵ýŰˣƺûĵ٣÷֦ޡ
ûͣȻ۵ˣܸоЩ
ôʱˡ
ʱ
۵˵죬ֺƹˮһ㶫סֻ䣬ͷƫѶˮĳһ
ţʱһЩƴͷ
̧ͷһ죬ס
ϣһˮǣѪʱ㡣
ڲŵʮޣͳŲסˣ
ĽѾˣ걾Уͽ֧ŲܻڣʱĸɣʹҲ޷۳ıѩ⡣
û£ȴ֪ԼܳŶá
ʱҡԡ壬ûģһһٵص롭һ˫ͫϸߣɱ㣡
ڡѪģ
㣬ԲԣһֱûᣬǸʱɹԼĵ
Ҳûᣬµβ
ֻнΪˣҸҲΪλһֱµ˵˶ȴʼ޷Ū嶾ʲôǺʱеĶ
ԭǴȱӰԺᣬʱͻȻʶܿסˡʱ˵ᱻһֱڹһֲסûʶʱ¹أ
Բ·
ԸҲõЩίˣûｻ⣬Ǻף
ʵԪĺǿŵʮ޾ĸоڶʮˣ˭վվֿסޣ
ͷ¶ܲסǶɽڣոմӽسġ
ⲢûпԲһĻչʾˮϣĵصΣɱֻкβԣ
۸ߺԣı죬
ЦŵǾ˼
򣡡ٴʱִվӲһޡ
һ޺֪䵽жʹЩûסΪۣˡ
Ӵû뵽˽֮ˣеϵء˿վᱻΪʱ壬мһ޵ģԥ

ֿ޺˻һͷ󺹵صӣһޱһǿңֻܵˡ
ɷմѪԽ࣬ɷԽǿÿһ޶ȴǰĸʹ
ɣڵϵ˼һʮޡ
ǣܻٵɷ
ƷΨһл̫ϳϣ񻹱˶ţûᣡ
ʱµ棬Ǹȶˣ˶Сһ
ʱͻȻתͷͷӣˣ
һӺš
׵ˣֺֻܰǺĳЩ˶ѣŵҪǮţںܶطֵ塣
ǲĵӶѡ
Ϊӵ٣Ⱥ˾ʳͺգҪϷڣȻҲûоԵİգԣƳڵȫơ
ܽԸԳ
תͷƴҪˮ֪ĺͳӣҡҡͷ˵˭ûã˾պӱõһȻʦĿ
ǳڣǻûǿİ׷ˡ
ʱ۾ɴһЩ˭뵽ʱһֱԸȻվӣ
֮ǰһֱؽء첲أ
ʱѹûʱֱӻӽӣǱתžһ³ϡ
ʱֻһ޾ֱˤڵأȥһº󣬴ҵʵ׷״ǰȥӵͷ
Ŀס
ӣٴʱϣŵĽѣˤڵء
û˽ֳŵأʼûԼ¡
ˮϷһжչʾҪȦ÷ñˡ
ʱ˾պ߳𼱣ȥ
ͷƬˮļˮֱ˻ȥ
˾պʣһٶʮޣҿԡ


86 ľ
˾պ ôˣʲôˮ֪ȥγɵɺڵ⣬ ļ٣Ѿȴնֻף
˿̿˾պ ȴ붼û룬ֱӳ
Щ£ Ƕ޷Уʹ࣬ Ѿѹˡ
˾պɷ ܿɷǰѱҪǿʳѪⲻɷ Ҷ͹ǾѾˣǿҲгϣܿ侲ظˮ֪ǽͣ˵ʱǰ·ɺף˾պ˵ͼɺ׿ԣ˾պʱĵӣ ɡ
˾պĿǰɵӡ
ǻ걮һŽ𵤳ڵΪԪѾﵽ˳ϾؾУ Ԫǿĵջ࣬ ΪӮøȪע
ܼɡ
ƲڵϼһܷϵҲ
ˣ һ ŵسС
Ҷѵ̧ͷ һݺݵ˵˶˭ģ
޲һŰ߳ȥǲ˿˿˾պƽʱֻ˿˿ĻʦĶʹ
Ϳ棺èͷʮ㣬δޣ˵ĻҲһġҪʱһʧ
ٴ£ѪɽЩ˾պС
͵գۣǸо۽ǴմһѪ㣬˾պʶȥָĺ졣
ͿЦͽֱܽɵˣ
ʱĿסˣ֧ţӻᵹ˫ֱͷ־ãſŻһ
˿̣Ѿûʲôֻʣһͷúÿһ
԰һֱǸҪӵè
ƽʱ⴦ţȻҲҪþһ
˾պʦԼġΪ˿˿ΪʦһУǲܿƵͷ
ڱ˲䣬˾պֱӳ˵µʱϷԺ󱳽סһޡ
ءһ죬µʱȫͬһΣûйѪ⣬ǹβһ⣬ڱקʱַ졣
˾պ·ͨûʲôһޣֱӽ·ˣ¶ϵļ
ƬӨ񣬷ŵĽâ
ˣ͹ǾˣôĵӣȻܽ͹Ǿ£ôģ
ϻڵ긾СһãĻô޳˶͹Ǿѹͽܻϳ˱񡣡
ʹǺԣꡭ
޵ĳ򵹲ʹȴ·һӣѹƵЩɷ֮Ҫķͷųһ㡣
˾պĳһƺ
۳һϸĳһϸ
ɷ
˾պ⣬ҶΪ󱲵ľȻʮ˽⣬˿̿ɷй⡣
ֻҪɷɷδ̫쿪
޿Ʒɷ
˾պԺɫ֧壬ڵصҶϷ
ڶޡޡ
ܿ죬ʮ޹ȥ˾պ˿߶ûһ
࣬ۺһЩһЩѡ
£Χ񷡣
ʱ˶𺳣
ʱ۷סıӣ˾պסˣ
ִŰޣ˾պһ˶ʮ޶治ɫ
ڵվڸߴ˷ܵظŵʿɢ޽ܣ˾պڵľ콾˾պǴԵ콾걮ûУ˾պǵһԪѾ˳ڣ
ƳһҲ
˾պϷᣬ޷룬ﶼڵӶźȴڿʱñ˵ʱΧ˶˵ǾˣмȻ;š
˭ǿ󣬿Իסµǧӡ
ǰȷûԲŵ°ǰЩӣֳֳնɱСӹݽô
ǣ˾պվʮɵؽ޺ڵӽڵõһЩɣ֪Ǻ˴ͷ˾պ֣ܿ죬֮˲ԭ
˾պ˾պ
ܶ˶ڸߺ֡
ϻڶвŮ޼ź˾պۣҲϲˣ˵һ侲ᣬȶӳȥˣӵϣӵ˾պһұסˣţôûվΪʦվʯһȴڷ֮УôĿɿ
Ҫ㾺ͻȻһص
۵ͷĵصҲС
ͷûϷԹ˵׳Ҳܳ־ãǿƷޡĵذŪָףʵҵúܣ̧ͷ

Ҳ
Ƕں˾պ
Ҳź˾պ֪ܲƴغ˾պ˾պ
ֱһ£ΣӳĲĺ󱳣
ЧòƷʲ̫ߣһ飬ͷ˲ѣҲֱʮɫķ۳
˶ס˺ֵȻֹ
ڵˣˡ
йע˶Ĭˡ
ѹҪߣȻܳøһǱʲôй𣿡ж񶾵𣬴Ƭݵš
ϻڵŮޣ˵Ҫôڻȥô
Щ̧ͷǸܼǿˣŵԼ촽⶯˵𿴡
ʲô𿴣ǽ˭𿴣
Ӳͣ
һһø죬缲ꡣ
㣬𿴣
֪˵ʲô˵𿴣
ģĨᣬغ𣺡ʲôֲòǰϲ鱦ϲһкÿϲ˾պԭܶһ뷹
Ҳ˾պٵʱйµĳ嶯
Ȼڣ¶ֻۡ
˵𿴵ʱʲôƿĽزưɬĿȫй۵ס
ȿ˾պŵļ΢΢ļһۡջǻصԭλô
¶ǰ޳ˣջǱԭǸޡ޷ʵħ˾պ
ֻȥסģҲʲôӣҳס
ʩչ֮ùβͲ÷⡣
ܱ¶ԼݣȥĵϣҲҪȦ
Ҫվſڣ˾պʦƽ
ĵϣ˾պϳ˺ۡ͹ǾȻˣΪʼֻнڣÿһα̣㣬͹ǾӳԽ˿̣ӴƤĥ
ߵ٣꣬־ʹԭʯ˱ѹĴʱг۶ϵΣա
ʱֳڵϣѵ㣬ÿ
˾պҡҡλΣбϸĺɫ𽥱һ˫۾Ũĺɫͷͫ۴СѪɫ
̧ͷγŵصĺɫնٴµޡ
ײɲǣ΢΢ϵɷɢֱʧͬʱ˾պкɫһХϸȥ·ҽС޺С
ǰֻʣһƬɺ죬Ҫһ׹⡣
콾Ȼ߻ħˣѾȫʧ˰ɣ󣬾ȻȫɱӹĺɫӰһ˹Цֱ̧ӽӰɢˡ
ˣ⣬޳
޻ӱٶȼӿ죬˾պˤڵأУӰٴ۳Ρ
ǣħɷռ졣
ȻʱϤڶϡ
˾պ㿴Ҷӡ𣿡
ڷĺܶҹᷴۿڵӰʯҶŻСŰŭʱΨһοƽ
ٴöһ֮УƬضǶʻ̻
ͻȻ˲ѣһɷףͻᣬˡ
һûҵĿܣǸĪͷָ̤һԽԽԶ·
ɿұκˡ
𽣣һΪɷĿܣа·
˿˿Ҹôأ
ԽԽһʼֻǾöע⵽ֲ쳣
ĵ˿˿ơ
ֲĺüоеŵģسЯһ˵ֲҩΣȻռܳԭرQȳ˴ӡ
ֲĸӣӵһСݵ˵档
ӶͷϤĸһ۾ϳľ
ϼһﲻôȻ
ȻֲһһŲݹ
βͲݴӴķ϶ﳤգۼͱһë׵Ľɫβ͡ḧ˾պգ˵ˣ㣬Ҫסѽ
⣬ӣӲ˲ᣬ˿˿
ֲµ
깷βͲݣȴֲµĴڡ
޲ľġľ顣
˾պֻ֪òս֣ץסǰĹβͲݡʶޣƺûôˡ
ʮޣ
ҿԳһޣһʿվ˳
еӻķ
а˱ޣ
ң
ִõִ£
Ϊڵʿģû뵽Ⱥ˹ؼʱ̾Ȼ˵
ɫãس˵ͼϻڵһŮ޵ңڵܲУ
ܽһҲ۷ؿ˾պǸ޺ӣˡ
˵ˣҵĶɽٳѵˣ磬˻۶˷ܵصСʦ壬ȹ֮֮꣬ҪԽĿ꣡
ǹȻϲͬˡ
᣺㻹ɣ
ۣ˵ƣһð
ʲô֮Ŷ

걮ƾճ֡
۾죬ҲЩŤദüãؾ¶Լص˼Ҷ۾̫񶾣
һжֻΪԶһ
ˣ
Ѿڣƾʲô˦һ׷֡ҶأǲȥƲˣ
Χ˶ں𣬳ͷѣѱ뷢ƢҶһֺӦۣע⵽ܶ˺󣬸ϽЦ
ǡ

̧ͷͷˮĻϱӳ˺һ㶣¶ϲ
˾պ
˾պҪ
Ҳʱ˾պͻȻӦʲô
ڵɷڣڽɫϡ
ɷе
ܣŤϣ¶һԻЦݡ
ĥ̫áһֱûеõι𱾾ʹɷ̴壬ս
ͬһʱ䣬˾պЩɲ˰̲䣬һ޳ʱվŹβͲݣ̧ͷ׵ĳǣ𣿡
ͻأسǰǼ߹ԵĶòȴΪŹβͲݾͱ˼֣ѻ£зâһӯӯˮϧ۰Ĺɡ
˿̵˾պϱˣſɿɰĹβͲݣ˼¶ɣھֲʹĥ峺쳾
ˣ
򣬻ܰÿģòҲ°


87 ÿ
᣺˵öԣ ȻãӣǱ
Ťͷۣ ͼһմĿڣҪһأ
һͷˮ
ۣأβͲݣ
ʱ һҽУתͷȥ Ϳһô䵲סһɽɽķܡ
Ϥȹ һӾϵݣ
ѣ
ѹǰܾѵĶ֣ ܰð篵ۣ ֲϹԭǰ˾պƤѲܳɹôģ
۲Ѿô
۵Сôͷôܵ
˿зɳֱӽס˳ȺҪ̤Ϸзѡ
ת ѽⲻ˰һôôߣ ˵˵ ǲǳļҵĶˣ˵Ǹ
ɿңȹؼʱ̣ ֱӻӽȥն
ȥʱ䲻 ҲϲŰޣ ѹûԼǿޣؼʱ̣ʩչϤĽ
齣ҲΪ˽ӽҶۿ
ֻӽȻڵò˿۾ãطʼãҲ̶á
䣬һε齣䣬ϵƣԣͨƣ
Ƶòֻͨͨѵ
Ѿ˹˵θڹһʯ֧֣ΪһֻԪӤڵѣ㣬㻹ڵƵʱǵ˾պȻ뿪תͶڣԲԣ
ѷŭӽǣֻˣܵˣʲôҪ˵˵
˵˾պѴǰһҲ񰡡
ԣѵ϶ǰģˣɱˣ
ȴʱһڣδˡ
Ҷָ̧ʯͬһࡣߣԪЩγɵ֮Уȥ֮ƽʱαװٺõˣҲ¶Ŀ
ӴУֻǾƫִ˵²ԡǿһпԶ뾡һа취ŰɱҶ۾˱ﲻһ˼񶾣뿪ǰ˵ȥپαװҲȥ
˵ΪʦãΪ¶Բԡ
Ҷ۾ŮǸӣ˳һźÿȫһŵ㡣
֪Ǳ˵ģͷЦһǴ
Ҷһ֣ѾֵһŽԼﻹߣñֵָֻЩõŧѪʱȥץⲻҵҲģ
Ҵδ񶾵Ůˡ
Ҷ۵Ļ˽סʹǶԹô죬һֱ㣬һжΪ㣡뿪Ϊ㣬Ϊ㡣
Զڵĳһñٹ⻰ʱŲס
֪ԼΪοǸģҪҴҸϹ
Ȼ˿̣Ҫȥ
ԳЦһ£ǸɵӰ
˹ȥͼñͷϣ뿪
ѣ߿Ҫܣ
룬ǶñӴԼͷϣתߡ
ԱߣһЦñɫɫӴ
Ƴһۣ뿪
ôҶ֪ѵĳ̬ٴ̧ͷ¶㵣ôһʮ޶ˣ滹⽣ŵӣСˣ
ĵϡ
һʿվһѽλ𣿡
⣬ҲȻЩ˲̫⡣
Ǿ˾պвѾˡȻ˻ţȥ˴룬شʱġȻؾĻҲû˲ʸ
ģȻǰûûŪѪ⡣
⣬ʱ籧ʱһ˫ۺܳˡ
һȽ֡
ӣλҪ˺ʱЭ飬ΪУӹݵţǩ䲻ʲôĵԣȴһԼΥҲǴ۲СڣЩԼ
װ׸㣬Ҷ⣬ֻҪǡǲʱʱ磬ͱҲ顣
ͷ򵤶źڷ򣬡챦¥λɽ٣ԼҲһλɽ١һۣڰڸϵӹݡ
ˣҪҪڵĽǷôĿάҪ飬Ҳ֪ڴ󲿷ԴЩɣ
ЦЦͻȻã֮λҲǲԣ̫ϳϣô겻£ôΪڵڣԭӣڣ

Զ֮ˡ
µҶһֱڶǵ˯á
ۿЩð˳üͷš𣬡ʲô
ֲˡ
Զ֮о뷨
ҶڻһòݣΪ˵ûȥںί
ʲô߰ġ
ͷʱʶһЩᵽ˼ҡɽ٣ѭȥϵˮĻ
ʱô˳Ǻ¶ûȣ
ʱǸˣò˵꣬Զ֮ߴɨŵĹβͲϡӲӵĹβͲݣӺܳβ˰ƴ󣬾Ա߷˸Сëӡ
ӣֱβͲݣ۾ţվ˯һ
ŶǸǵ˾պ
ѹֻ
ô
ͷſվĵſڣԶ֮ͳѶϣؾվſʲôȥҩ
ϣſе硣
Զ֮
ϣԵȣƽ磡
ʵǿֻױͽסĻ󲽿ڡ
سɫһߺˣһҵ
Ǹɽվ챦¥ĹԨ硣
Ԩͷ˲ϾжɽپŲʵһߴεɱ
⣺ԭǹϡ
ͼԨҲֱʱٿţ
ȥʱһ
۾˾պҲۣһƬ⣬û֮ǰˮͬһ˫۾ȴΪһ仯ȫͬĸо
ۣĿ罣ɱң
ԨǹΪ׼¶
ʱ
˾պˣĹβͲݳ£սƣ·ʱһҳ
سӣλӣ
ϣҾһλӡ
ҡԶ֮
ЦݶסƤЦⲻЦصԶֶ֮Сùá
ϽڷĴѶ˵ʶ㣬ҪʹϵҪҵĴ£챦¥
£һֲЦŵصԣҪ׬ʯỹδɾ˿ȴЦúɡ
󣬹ϵλˣһЩһ߸ŵλߣŸոնɽٲúȹ̾磬ЩԴ׼ëƤС£Ϊ֮
ǶɽڵʱɬһŴѵǡ
˽ᣬԶ֮Ҫ£תͷʣùβͲݵСȣ˭ÿ
Ӱ߳ˣȻЩԥȻȻǹӡһӣɫ԰ףѪɫǰһٶ޻վȵСɾûȡ
Զ֮бһۣϹ˵
̵ˡ
Զ֮˹ŵϹ˵ʲôʵ
ʱСĶ˵ǣ˿ڣʱ˲ѪҶӶʮֵ
Զ֮û¡
º룺ȥĹĶ֪ܲܵõ𰸡
˵Ҫʱ򣬶ӦؼѨĹƴһҵĹѨĹгߡôϲܸһƺҲܲ
Ϊϲʱ̫࣬۳Σգһݵƺг۳ɹƺйµɡ
˶ˡΪ̫ˣֻ磬˲񷡣
ֻᶨΪ


88 
Ԩ뿪ǰ ӽֶ˵һ䣺Ȼذˣָһȡ˵꣬ һƮԶ Ӱڿ𽥱䵭ʧ
ԴѾһ÷ Ҷèѵлʱᰴס Ѿˡ
ʱǱ۾һ䣺֪ˣ лǰ
ˮ֪ĺͳӣڹԨƳ˳Ƹһ˽ ͬʱΪʱ˾պˡ
˾պ͸˲ˣﱧŹβͲݣͷð÷ϸҶͬ۾ϣ찡̰ɫŨޣһ𱾸ۣͦΪ ̶ΪģĵԣԵһжʧɫ ޹⡣
עĿ Լȴδʶ㡣
ˮ֪ģôˣšüͷ˾պ
һߣһģ ͷϵĺ÷͸ź Ѹٵڵء
˾պһ˵û¡ܳ ۾΢΢ţ󣬲Ϊ˵΢Цء
ʱֽҿһҶӣ۽˾պϺʣǲԼûˣ
˾պ
ǰֻǼɣ񡭡
¶ˣ
һ̾ͿǸĵľѿס뵽˿˿ӦûһĻ͵͵˿
װˣݵؿʱеƿӡ
Զ֮Ϊζ˿˿ôãʶ룬Ҿ¶
ʱ˵βͲݿء
˾պٴ΢Ц¶ʦԪһٻָ̫ˡ
ž˵Ȼذˡ֮¶޹أֻǹӵģȻˣ͵ûȥˡڵ˺ۣ㡭
һɣ
˾պҡҡλεߣˮ֪Ĵ÷֦κ÷֦˽˾պĽȻ÷֦÷֦ڡ÷֦ͣܰ·ϰˤ
Ϳ˾պͳһС񴬣ȥбɣƵط塣
Ŀϵӣ磬ȴĿ
ˮ֪ĲĿ˿ߵʱôô˸ͽء
ڴɽ£ϱм䡣
ĵڱϷн磬ܴӸߴɣȥ˳Ϸɡ
ͬڱ
˾պµɽţҪ뿪ʱ򣬺ȻһϤŮ˾պ
ͷ
Ȼһ˲䣬·һֻšĲת˷Ʋһεվ˵Ǹ
ҲģҡкᣬҵֲˣҰ˺òã
еĹβͲƲʱһ˼
˾պٵһ롣˿ȴһеʩչʶʵƲ£
ƲͫŴʲôȴܸоµĿ־壬ë𣬼Ƥһ㣬Сȶֱ඼Ҫѿһ㡣
ȻʱͷϷһףֻǰһºЩֲϢʧ˾պİۻλƵطߣ˰塣
ƲòŻ󱳺罬ŵأиһ¡
ոյ˾պ̫ˣ

׽٣ŵ׽٣ʿ̧ͷϽơ
ʱˣĴѾֻʣڿεԼˡ
ں͵ŲָԤ£Ǹɽٻ뿪»ʹУڻӲҪ򡣺ⱳңӸʱϵȷ˻ѾˣҲһ衣
һжõķչ
ܶɽٳɹĻܴʿ
¶˲ųСӿɻʱ䡣˼˳ȥɽȡֶʣµ˵̻ȥ㣬άסת
ӣΪĿǰֲʦȥɽţʱþɿʿ⣬ˮ֪ڴʱȥȥɽȸɽپʱ΢ԥһ£ʱ˵ɽ٣궼һΣȻȥɽ٣ɽٲԶˣ࿴ֻкôûл
Цû׼Ҿһֱͻơ
ˮ֪ģ
ģˣšСƿӣȵһ¶ʱ۾ವһ𣬡죿ƿСطڱǼţȪζ
˿˿ĶֻССһڡ
ҪһˣɾͿˡ
ֻһͨͨСƿװ͵¶˹
ֻ˵Զ֮
ʱҪ˾պͽܣҿ϶ѡԶ֮
ˮ֪ģ£ֲҪѡ
ʱΡ
˸ɽȣܿ죬ͬʱڶɽʿڳƿʱ⾳֮С
Ψɽڵһͷˮո׽ȥĶˣˣ
ڶ׽ٿ£˲˼һ׽ȥĶȫעԿͷ׽٣˳ƾ

С˾պص壬һֱɵԺڣͣȦ⡣
˾պԲѣȦΣͬڵϣδ
βͲһһǸæˣ
һֱֵأȫ֪ʲôӥצԴŽӵϳ
ʲôǶȥˣ𨻹ȥʱԺӣ⼱ת֪ΪϵʦԼйŵĴѶæϵ˹
ȲطԼϲãŴεķˣе̫˼ó⼸꾭øСͷɽôõʮ˳֣ĳѪһΣɹˡ
ɹӦСͷǣҲûʲôѹʱʱһ£Ȼһֱɹȵ죬СͷôʱͻȻ֣ѳͷȻѾ˵ˡڸо˳ͷڵ΢ǡ
ûмȥ
ͷͨɹҲûԼпĵط꣬ھʱ˶ѡ
Ϊ˷ӳСͷãʹűͷ磬֣̫ˣüСͷ˱ռݡȻѾھһյĿͷѵٳһʯм
Լõġ
Ȼͷô󣬵ܰÿϸı󻹵ϸϸزɾҺСգʱϥϣһɡ
ͿСͷԸ೤һƣǰͷشкȲ˷ͳѶͿѶǰڽʶע󣬸շϲã˵˾պ˿˿赹ڰԺ
ͷһ£̻
˾պ˿˿赹ڰԼԺӣϵϣͨͨڣˣˣ
ҲһϵˣѶɺ޷Ӧļ٣۾ҪСͷĸ첲˻Σţһ٣Զ
ͷ
˲Ϣ簡ң߯ôҪסˣһԪӤڣֵܵסյķ籩ϵ϶ֱˣôȥ·Ҳ˺飡
ǧһ֮ʣСͷ⣬˸ϡ
̫ˡ
͹Ӻᴩ


89 ˯
ڱ仯ܴ
ֻﶼûУ ವһ¾͹ȥˣǳſڵʿһλԪӤʵͤ´ ڸоһ󾢷ι͵ۡ
ʶòԣȻſ󷨺ֲû쳣 ʿ£ת뵽ƣ ȥӰʯϲ鿴¼
Ȼˡ
ո˽Ӱʯȴһ¼ ʿڣ Էƣ ʾ֡
Ǹ
ʿһԻ󣺹ҲԪӤڰɣôο쵽Ҷ޷׽
ͬһʱ̣Ѿ˰壬ʱԺͣ·õģͷҲ߰㣬վʹ֣ ϵϵĴӲ֪ʱˣͷЩܵʯ

һλտɽ֮ھȻʮֵ һҲˡ
ֻԱߵİͰ͵صššŵ ã졭
ŵɫ̬ Ȼҵ ڵʲô
Ѿھ˽⵽һЩϢ ڶɽ٣Ӧöڶɽٵɽ⣬ɽȥˡ
˾պ֮ǰʱһޣһ˻εС˿˿ſڵϡҽ˾պ֪ģ쳣˵˾պϢ΢ǡ
ʶиڶܱ߲ϿºڶԽԽ󡣡
˿˿޷Ժн磬ҽȥֱȥɽʦǣκƬطǽأȥҶɽڵƬأ϶ѹʲôһ·Ҳʪˣ˫Ǧ߼۵û罬
ʱ򣬾˶ԹţϢͼѹ֮иʲôҲᵽܡ
˰Ļ΢˿û£ȫû˾պǼһʶǿĿ£˾պϢ΢һҲĻ⡣
ŵģƣƲ
ִ˲䣬Ļһ£˵Ѫ
ü֮Ľּӹ˼ΰɣǰȥ֣ڡѪõ֤
̧ͷǱߺڳ죬ҹȥˡ
𨣺ŵҪȴ·
ڹεǰŨܵĺʱСͷˡ
ؿСͷ߸˲¡
ѵһ죬еȴķѣţ󷨽ȫŨһԺӵĽʧվ⣬ؿԺھ
˾պȻһСԲѡȵȣ˾պ˾պô
ſŸͷɢõŮӣмһþ˵ĹβͲݣǲݱֱֱģǸӲӵ
𨣺ᡢ硢ˣʲôͷӹ̣ķ˴ʯóɽڶƿĽ磬Ȼһͷˣע⵽ͷϾȻƣһˣ
Ѳɣŵ˵ɱСͷ
Ȼɱ
ڳͷɲǣĵȻһ̣һţԺֲ׷¶ͷɱǵصӿ˹
𣺡ңˣᣡ
ƿʱһʱӦҲ˲ϸɽ⾳ֱӴҴҸϻذ壬һ˹
غһѪͻҽҸոգЩ򡣡
˵زأ
ʱá˵úأԶ֮¶̫죬ָ룬ոջŶɽʱĽ⾳ƿһŵš
类ƿļ٣˲ţֱ״̬ƴϻذ塣
û˵Ͻˮ֪ġ
ˮ֪ӦҲ
һʱ򣬹ʱͷƤ飬æ˿˿ڵϣż뿪ȴʱʱҲ⼸ϵǳӣ֪ӣ˿˿Ϊͽ
Ҳ˵Ƴ˻ε޻ΡΪ˿˿Σӣͽܡ
ȻΪ޵ͽܣҲ˵Ϊ޾£Ǹ˾ͺá
޵ͽܣҲתתȥһͽܶûյǿ
ʱѾԺӡˮ֪µĺ÷ѾĸɾǸȦֻǺ÷ӰҪ˶þʧ
ϸһ˿˿״̬ʶһգֻιȥⲻ󡣡
˿˿ιһȪתͷٿ˾պʱͷһ£ĵ뿪ʱûôңôӦˣ
ʱ˲æͳװȪҩƿ˾պ죬ֱжǣҲ޷ʹ俪ڡ
ʲô
֮£ʱֻպȡһȪͿĨϡ
תѣʱ۾һʱ㣬ˣ̫ˡ
˾պϣ㶣ܴưѾֻС¹Ĵײ
ȵʱ˾պ°ͣһš
δ壬ֻǵһ졣
η˾պôˣ
ʱüͷš𣬡֪Ϣιҩ
οлеζƣԵģֻоһɿӿ֫ٺʱιĺöæҿι
ʱǲŽΪ¶һμɣ˾ܲס
˾պԱֱ£˾պͷϣḧĶͷһ߸һ˵˾պҪιȪ
ҩƿ䴽ߣǽҧţҲ֪赹ǰ׾ʲôҧסš
룬صͷȥص˾պ졣촽̽ɨݺҧݡ
֪㾭ʲôһЩء
˾պѽ
ʱĬĬתͷȥҲ뿴
תͷͿһã·ƾˣӶڲסȵĹʱ۽ֱ飺Ҹ뿴
ǰͰ𨺰Ժӣǽһ£ôƵģ
ŴεСͷһȥҰʯܰ
˵˶飬ƫҪʯݣʯˡ
Сͷ
ͷƤ飬СͷĵֻҵһδֵŻʾծˡ
Ҳе
˭˵ҲŲ£èʲôµģ˭è
Сͷοļ򡪡Ҫ£ô£
֮ǰû̫ʣ˹ŵӰæתȥаŵĲ㴩·ȺҲ˸󶴰
˭뵽ﴢûˣûп滻·ʱһѵͰ·˵¸ˡ
Ժڣҧסݵ˾պڷ
ιһ¶˲õ¶ι˾պоȻûʲôáҶιæʱ
ʱҲȻֻȰ˾պشϣ۲졣
ʶȻ΢Ҳƽȣ֪Ϊλ˯ѣ뿪ʱûôأ뿪ǶûȰ˵أָر죬ˮ֪ĵĺ÷ͳӣƬ̣ʶͻָ˲٣Լ·ˡ
Զ֮¶ͷȪϢûЧӣﲻæʱüصûܰæÿԼ
ŶԣԼģȥʶԻ
ʱ̾˿Ҫ㲻ĻԿ˵ؼת뵽˾պЩ飬֮дûǳ׶һ£˵ҹٳٹ顷
εͷ˾պû֮ǡҲԣǷħôֻǻԲѣѲɸͷйأ
ʱŶǵøԶ֮˵ллΣ
Σţ˿СЩǰۣ룺ҪһƬƬлɡ
Ѹˮ̹Լݣ֪ˮʱûС
Զ֮Ӧֻ֪Ŷԡ
˵һֱССЦ˵϶δϹۻЩסɳۣ벻ʲôԶ֮ˡ
ʲôС
ֻû
ٿǿǰɡ
ʱǰ뵽һҪ¡̯֣ʣʱ㣬㿴ʲô
ʱǿյģƣ
ͷһʱȻû顣
ǿԿģΪǲôڵʱ㣬ǳɹɹ٣ǰԭľ飬ҲӦܿ顣
ʱ㿴ֻ˵δ
һҡεĹβͲݣЦɵصèèϲĶèӴ
ʱһ飬ҲŲϲģ
ô˵Ȼצ۾һζĹβͲϡ
գʱûסģú˵㿴飬˿ϳһҪģֵģ
Σã
ǣʱǸ˿Ա߳һһɸߵĹβͲݣˡ
ȵȣʱ㣬ûѽΪʱҪȥֱӴͳһˡ
Σ
ԭҶСҹٳٹ顷
ȻһûУ


90 ä
ʱߺ ó˾պɾϵѪۣ⿪硣
ܱʱ˾պǵӷӦûü· ֻڵӷһɫ硣
ͷõ·¶˳ ǰüӣ󱳿϶ó˲ˣ Ҳ뵽ˡ
Ὣ˾պ˸ڴϡ
˵Ѿ˿ڣ Ƥɰ⻬ Ȼõòӵ·ܹ֤˶ ·ʱۣôղס
κ·Ǻñӡ
ȸ˾պһºź֪ʶԼոЩʲô
Ϊ̫Ȼûʲô·´ú󣬲ͻշ̣ ֶֻе
ΣҸոգǵ˾պ·ʲôûָ´£
ң֮ܣộ һΪѪҺܵ衣
ߣ ôܣŮ¶ôẦߡȻóǱ飬ҳһЩĻ⾳ʱ ָ΢΢졣
͵鼸ۺƿߣ 뿴 ֲ˼̫á
ŮẦߣ˰ŮѪȫѹƣԡ
ͷڱ͵͵ɡ
ؿһ ĺ޹ͷ˵һһ˾պ߿ 
޺ѡˣǷֳһʶ̽ޣֻܽ顣
ޣýԷ鸮ֵظܡһС
˫˵о޴ķաóȻһĪ鸮ܱܿͷɡͬóȻһԼ鸮Ҳ鸮ݻٵľ޴ա
Ψȫα˴˵ĵ²ܽޣζô
ЩݣƲ죬˵ҿܻţд˾պдǰΣ߯ôƭ˵ģ
ûгԹһ鶼ûУд컨׹
Ԫ˭ôҸޡ
һ̣˳ǣŶҡ
鸮һԳɹ׷鸮ķϣ붨ʱſһѡĵ¶ͷᴥϣν֮ߵš
δչȥ˾պͷ
ͨԼȥҵԷš

ǵȷԼͺһץסӣֻüͷѭȥ׷Ѱһͷ͸ͷֻܸоһƬ޾ڰ
ؿ֮ԼҵƵᣬ͸⿪Լˡ
ˣ԰ɡ
ߵʱһԼֳһ˹βͲݣȻɨȥ͸о˵һ£һٴεޱ޼ʵĺڰ
Ŷ鸮ûš
ûţ˲ߵһأȻȥѹо޹Χĺڰţ˿ֲͲ
β֪ԼƬڰ˶ãţǰزǴڣд߲ѪħݣλɣЩɷɱԴڽµ顣
ĺڽ̻Ի͵УʯƴϣšѤͷףҲǷƽʵ档
Ҳ˾պôһ·Ҳ硭
˿Լ˹βͲݵ
һ·ɨȥɡ
ǣκɨ˵أԭΪѣû뵽⹷βͲɨȥܰѪ۸Ĩȥ˵ģһһǰŲ
ûãҲɨ˷ڵСôطεͱեˣֻǰһڣʱͬһһ˴ϡ
Σ̱ˡ
⹷ʺһޣ
ƫƫ⴫ʱС˿˿𣿻ûоô
ǹŵģƿһϸ죬ӷ϶һָǰѩЩϲצӰŷСèѽեˣǲǰ㣿
Σ˵óڣ
ҲҪӵģѵҪʱ㣬˾պ鸮һֱɨأɨþƣ󱻵۳һ̲࣬ڴϿٶٲ
Ů˵ԼС
κӦһûʲôɡ㣬㡣
ʱŶúϢ
Σ
ƣܿͳ˯˹ȥʱηĵʶѾȫָˬ
޵ĸƽʱȫָͬûͦ졣
һ̣ϰ۾ͷκȻ֣Ȼǿ˲٣ѵôһһ߷飬ݱ仯һݺקҳǡ
һЩ仯
Ҷ۴ӻ걮ָ˼񶾣ѵȫ٣϶䲻³ڻ֮·
Ҷ۳ȻȥѰСʦƲ£Сʦ˵Լж຦¡
Ʋ˾պ˾պǸʱо˿ֲɱ⣬ΪԼҲҶʦˡҿϺһ磬֮ɱʧ˾պҲ˰塣
ѹʱ˵˾պɽʱ״̬ûô⣬ɽƲ£ͼԿֱӻɱƲ¡
ᣬ·
Ҷ۵˾պΪɱ㣿
Ʋ£Ҳ֪ңǰȹһ͹һлҾܾʾãҵǺܹŹ֡
Ҷۣ˾պǸ˾պҸոչ·ϣ˵˾պһЩ¡
˵Ǹ˾պҴŵġҶЦһû뵽˸ǡ
鷢˱仯
˵Ҷۺ˾պٴζʮԺ󣬶ڣʮꡣ
飬һ鷭
ϴ˾պû걮һʱҶ۱кȴΪĪƶΪӦԤȻڣˣҶǰ˾պݣ˵ĸԤڼ
ҳþ޷ƿҳδһ죬ڷ仯λóһȱڣ˭÷ĵػһ
˵ƬرϽҳ٣᲻Ӱ쵽Ƭء
ûĸ֪ĵطͻȻһѺۣ
ص߳䣬˿˯§ŹβͲݵʱʣʱ㣬ոûоʲô
ʱۣһãȻʲôֺˣ
룬תʵܵ𣿡ȫ뿪ѪɫɳȳԿأ˵㲻˽´¡
׼ȷ˵Ǿ˾ȫ¹ڵʿھ
ʱȥ¡
һ˵һŤͷɽȷɽٿ湻ģһһҹˣûͣ
ɽٲ˴Ҳֻ档
Ҳ֪ڵΡ
ߵ˰ɡ
ɽڵ׽ôԽ࣬պɾԽߡ
һ˵׽ټͻˣҲֹڶɽ٣ٿԽһŵԺһЩʮһĻһϣģû˵ء
ô룬һ¡
ʱŵشֻ֣ʣһˣ
һףս
û뵽ǣŹЦȻɽȴ˳Ҷɽˣ
ʱ𾪣žȻһʶ


91 
Ŷɽٳɹ ɢȥա
࣬ǽޣ Խƾ˿ؼ䶼һ Щ⣬Բͬ˵оҲȫһ
ʿһâڱĽŸУ ʿôܸܵ׻׻̵ ҲǺã ƨɺһ һֲú͵óΣС
Ҳڵӣݵġ
׼ţݵ¼ڣո޴·
øЬϴͱŵĽϳ߳Ժӣ ɥʱ㣬ԺĽʲôʱ޺ã
ǰԺĽ磬ɽڵһ
ŵӵоŵƵСͷˣ
ת룬 ŵĽⶼӴ ƺҲûʲôףǲ˵ȻԲѣ ϢԾɴڣ ǿݣ
ʱҲܳ ʵǿǽޣܵԸԡ
ֻܳһûһµ
ʱ㶼ˣλ˵ʲôأֲʦֻʩչ֮ոβͲ飬ξڵӿ֫ٺˢȫ磬ţͷһУһҲССһţͷϴ˶Сñӡ
ʱһ轣һ˵۵ٶһЩͷоˡ
Ʋ죺ҲŲҪñ
Ϣúܿ죬ԭֻн𵤳ڣ͸˾պʱ걮࣬ǳһӣһż˽ڴԲڼֻٶԽ
ֲʦֻҪֲ׵ÿ죬ʱͻƾ磬ӴĽʱڶʱͷһ£
ԭľҶ۲һͷͻԪӤڵˡ
˵ڻ޷棬Կ϶һεȻʮ꾡ͻƵĻʲôôһ룬ȻëȻΣУͷϷٴ˺ѹ֮ơ
轣ʱ̧ͷһգֹҾ˵ˣȻ׽ٻô֮ʱּ𣿡
ɽٵġ´һע⣬ٵȸٳñ
Ǻӵè
ļ֮ʱΧǽϣһֲ̽ͷʻ֦͵ǽߡ٣ױǽ
µҲ΢΢𶯣ƺʲô˳
οһƬССҶѸٳգ۾ͳһҶۣ˶ҶƬϣҶƬϻĻǳҹݡҹѩɹٺϡɿ
һҶӣζ۾ֱ
һ̣͵תԺǱߣǱۣζˡȻǸصζܾҪǿƲס͵ñˡ
߸èɺԱɡ
ɵ˾պϣ͸ľʯһԸϢĻʱʲôøɣڵˡ
ȻڣЩǷͻһ㣬ͷľʯӡ
ֱɲݵ˲ʱϮӽʱʱ˾һ浹ƬߣĽˡǽδ⣬ȥϣצӶ˳
ֻӵÿֻӰָĸèצһӵƿ֮Ȼʮʮ
ߵɵʱ۷ֱͷһ˷ܵش˹
ҲԵɵɵģǱĸоˣͷҲָʡ
ͻˣα㲻˷ˣ鶼һЩ仯αڵǲҲ˥Щ仯ֻҪֱӳȥƶģ׾䲻ϣ
ֲʦͻȫֲȹؼʱ̸ĹϵΣβͲܲҲΰɡ
μѵرǣûʱǰԱͷ
䵽˹βͲϡ
ţξ;ط֣ԱɣβͲҲҡʮ˼ͷĹƴβͶ˦硣
βͲһ˱ɴͼûУԭŵɫȥȫˣΨʶ֪Ķ
ڱɴĲҶḲǴǸһ㱻ӡ
󣬲ҶԽΧԽ࣬˿Ϸ죬Ʋˡ
Ҳٿܣҡҡλεع˱ɲݺݺҧأܱܱһҪסܱĽ绹û޺أ
ζӰҪһЩεǿסˣڴ󣬳һԱɷŽؽ
ɴ⣬ǰͻֲɵˡ
ǵĻƯҶƬ֦ǿ׳ôܣôܱôСݸס
Ƭ˴ݵҶҲɵˡ
գҶƬһһ̺ίίصȻصڣصҶƬϻմЩˮһһŵ¶飬ҶƬصĹ
Զ֮Ķȥˣ
ҶСֻʣ°ƴɫ͵ǳ̣ǳ۵ɫ
Զ֮ŵģҶƬˣȻŵҶƬϵϢԶ֮üģȥСһˣ
ҶƬ˻Ρ
ûҵֲβͲݡ
βͲѡһּûҰݣûѡ㡣
ռڵĻݲ̣һƬǹβͲݶûѡ㡣
Զ֮̾
ȻЦ΢΢صȻҳЦ㣬㻹ǸҴҿ϶ϲ
룺ϻʲôۡ
ʲô챦Ҷˡ
ҶƬϣһƷ˿
Զ֮ʰƷ˿˼£ֲʳָϣŵǼᡣ
Сһͷ˿ɣϴΣһԽǽǷ٣϶оΪֶ¥ط޷Сϵһ
״̬ûκʮֹŹˣΪʼҲôû
ⷢ˿ʶԱϳ˵ݣһΣܸӦͷһֵϢ
ʶǿѽʶ˼£ˣ磬Ҳѵ˶ɽڡ׾ٵԽ걮һޣȻҡ
ǵģ꣬ʵԪӤԪɽ١
úΪ磬Ϊ첻չòһȻȴǣѹƵĻǿȶɽٶˡ
ˣԼϴ
ʱߵĺԣʵɳֻǻɣ֤ݡ
ĻҲ֮ˡ
ôİ壬ؼôһֻӦͦŶԣôѪɫɳôȫûа֮ģ
ɵɵƭģһ⡣
Ϣȥ˵֪ݣ᲻Сһŵøεѡ
룬Զ֮ǽط˿װڷ˿Ա߻Сд֣ûе¼ѪɫɳȲŵ⳥ʯɣΥԼٱ
˲Ϣ¥ȥ͡
ȻҶúס
Զ֮ͣ˵仰£
Զ֮Цˣٱ⳥Ҳû鰡ܲڱȱ¶ݻ°ɡҲ֪ͷǲʥô
᲻ծô࣬Ҳȡľˡ
˲Ϣ¥ͣڲø֪㲻Ҫˡһײ鷳ˡ
Ҷʹȥ
Զ֮ȴܼ
֪ͺá
ɢͷЬǰߣ˴ƿľңԶڡ
ϣԭһӦǳԪӤ֮ϢȻڣɢ˵δܾƾոձͻƶɽٵų˵Եʡ
е
òĸ˰ɣ


92 
ҴҸϻĳӣսԺӣ ḻ̌ڲݴˡ
Ҳʱͷϥųһ˯ַֻϵʱʱһ¡˵Լ϶û ȻϿ ϰߺͰ޴è
˿˿û˯ɵڵ һֱŰѲݰؽ
һҲðΣЩݶøߣ ǰЩ߳ ֻҪ̽ͷ ֱҧʡµĲݣԹ԰Լ͵ߡ
ӣڲݴϸңǽ˿˿ɹϢҵ˲ڲݴĹβͲݡ
βͲݺ˿Ϊ˽ڴԲͣûһϳ塣
βͲݸ˿˿ʱ˽ڣںϺûڽڽߡ
߶û һǿͻʧܣ·ûˣ
Ҫƾ߰ʱ߶ûƾɹΪֱӵڣ ǻԵɺԼͻƳϣ ͷóˡ
˿˿Ӳʱ죬óӣʶۡ
ֻһͷľûһ⣬ 
˳ ӣʩ˼ֲ Ų꣬ʩԺͷٽֲסһд׵󣬲˿˿ԡ
紵һڳӣϣæʦˡ
ˮûѽڣ֪ŮݵľˮҲ֪ûиᡣ
¶ˮܲµȻҲܲµǵʣԼ̹أ룬̧ͷ˿죬˵ʦҡ
գգ۾ϲҡҧرء
ӣͷ֪ˡ
Ķ޶ô
ӣʲôþȵġŲšָһڲݴ˯ʱûµʱ϶֪˿˿ݵλĸߣȴ϶ûʥŮϵ΢ոʱ롣
ʵҲıûȣıΪҲô졣
ֻ룡
Σ
ӣȥ˾պ£̫ϳҲνݣһһߵҸոǱߣ˵Ľ޲£ںܶӶ˽嶼˿ҪͻԪӤˣԭΪ˾պʶһȻ㡣
ûβͲһɵɵĳһĹβͲ߶û
ݣӣ˾պվָһ̹⣬ССҶӸ˾պĶͷϣƬ̺󣬳ӣһصصʶܹŹ֣Ҷоͷڣûǻŵġȴǲܲ̽ˣ鸮ɷءҶٴʱοҶƬˡ
̵ʱ˵Ԫ˳˯ҽ鸮ȥһѧ֮
ûʶԼ˵Ļʲôԡ
Աߵĳӣֹ˿˿ݣ̾˿ŵøЩѧ޼ѣҷռв˳ԡ
һػش𣺡ܼѽҿѧˣһӾͽȥˡǺŶϸڣ˼˵Ͼ¹Ůϣʱû滰أ
ӣ
ʱè˺Щʲô뿪ôһôӶ鸮ˣ
ָ˿˿ûѧᣬϾǸԴɣ̵ȫ¶û鸮޵ĵ¡
˭뵽ܳɹأ
ӣֻܱƤʣ鸮ʲôô£Ϊλû
Σ⣬಻ȥˡ
ֻʵҲûоһƬᵽѪۺɷĵطңҡͷ˵βͲݽȥģͷɨ˺þõĵأɨɾˡָһԱߵСӣôط
ӣ
̫ˡ
̫ϳҲֲʦƺܿͻʶ㣬ҵ˾պķ
ӣһ˼֣˾պڵϣȻڻԲѡΣһصǽڴԲؾҪһˣ˿˿
һЩոŵʶǿģһʱע⵽סӣҲգۣβգ˼£ʵڵİ󷨺ƣԺĽûˣԶɽ˵͸ûнһˡ
һֻһ
εͷǶɽڵû˼ȥ˼ɡ
˵ʱΪҪУҪţñֵȵȣдأʵϢڳ׻ԣɴڡ
˵ֻƭһΣҪȥؾϽ編֮ֻЩα⣬ܰѡ
ֻ֮ǰû˳˾պ뷨ᱻα̽϶ᴦơΣþһԡ
ʱӣ̫ϳûЩƫʱͺܲҲ̽һ¡
̫ϳƲĻ¹ƾûƵóˡ
̫ϳϲ԰ƳҲⲻ
Ҫǣ˿˿ڵʵǿ϶ģҪ
Σá
Ǿ԰ɡ
ûã塢ɷǵ̫ϳӳһһľǵСԺ⡣
ʱѾˣվſӭӵʱڴǷܷܵ񣬲ÿ·
ӾͿһʮƯС߹ʣ̫ϳϣ㿴ʲôر𣿡
㶣Цеһ۳룬رƯ
˿ҲЦûʲôرأ
ӵһľʼˣ֦ͷϻһһЦúϲ£죬رֲϲĩˣʣľнڴԲʵ츳رãؼǣ϶رŬ츳ŬˣҲܴﵽľء
ϲЦտһе졣
ҲرŬһǰ͵
ԺҪŬӱŬУ
Ϊǿϳˣֻʱ˰ɡ
ηˣӣһЦһڿ˾պ
αϣȻ̫ϳҲ޿κΣ˵ֻܵ˾պԼֻܸԼÿȥɨɨأ
ѣܿΪĸԤ
˾պĴڣƱӰ쵽Ҷ۽ķչԣ޷
˿˿̫ϳͳһƿֵƿơ
εķ
ӣҲֲʦֲߣҳ㽫ƿУʱҲܽߡҾ͸㣬úô
νӹæлл̫ϳϴͱƯҲ˵ֻܵף̫ϳһ¡
İֲһֱߣųĻ䡣
ǰеĵ;飬ЦµѾǴʱףˡ
Ȼ󣬾Ϳ̫ϳƤ˵˲ˣһɲء
ˣӣŵ֪һ𣿡
λȻô໰ӣôһˡ
Щ̫ϳϵĺ֪ǳ࣬һЩŮ޺ҲӣʲôЩСͲˣ֮ûн£񡣡
ͦ࣬رһˡ
ӣǿЦЦܲܽϲ˴Լһ𰾣ʡʯţ̫̫˿˿ļ磬ݽߣҲµĻӣΨһϣˡ
ʣôǮأ
ӣչذǿıҲٽձ߽硣
ɽأ¹ءڡϻڡܽڵ룬Ȼձ߽磬꣬ŸóʯҲΪѹɽ¹سֻôȥЩˡֻҪؼͻ᲻µģڶϾȻЩ겻֪ΪΣԽԽϡҲ𽥶Ͼ֮ҿյúܽ١
˶Ӿء
ҲǿԹģҲΣ粻ǽԡ
ǽΪ˼ɵԭ
˿˿ѹӣһ䣬أֻһأǵѹСöࡣЩÿ껹һЩʯҲжˣЩìܼ񻯵ԭ򡣡
Σû𣿡
ӣĬһ£٣Ѿζûˣ
ʥʵǿλߡѽ¹ظһһء
ˣ飬ʵ֪ϸڣΪһѩ¶ûȥ춼ʹС͸ˡ
ڣҲ֪ûѩ¶ʯغ¹


93 
Ǵ
תͷȥ ͼ걮ٴɫһݻһ· Խ˾պλá
Īǣǻ˼Ĳ ֪ʲô걦
һˡ
ۣûɣŤͷӣʦ ͼͷ 
ĺô
˿ϵʱ䲻ðһ䣺Ҫǰϲ磬 ҲյϲǮ ڵİ޲ʯûУΪԵʣŶƲҵŵúѣ̶죬ͷ˺ü
ϣؾ
ʱͻȻֱ ۷⣬ӣںܶ˶£㣬ͽܿ϶ܶ
ⲻɣ
ӣ
ʱ˿˿˾պҲһˡ
ƽûзɧĳӣʱһࣺʱˣ ҽЩʲô 鸮Ҳ£㲻жΣգ
ʱһͷطͽ˰ Ͳϲ硣ȻΪ˸Ϊ޵еĺõӣ ²ؽȴûõͬ 鲻ء
ӣŤͷ˿˿ѯǷôһ¡
Σ
һ˫۵ʱ㣬ҽǸԼʵǵԼֻܵͷӦǡ
ӣʦûôˣҲ˾պڶԲѣΰϲ磿
ʱǻԲѲŰϲ硣
ӣ֡
ʱϲ϶ôд
ΣȻˣСܵſڣŵ˾պͷʱ㺰ҲϲۿʱɱæСͽһ£ϲǮҪյһЩʦİɣ
ʱ˲䱻˵΢Цŵã
ʱӣֵȵȣ
ιԹվſڡ
ҽʱԺкܶϡܣкüֶǼ亱ģɿŸҶֵǱߵ
ĹβͲݾѵӦþǼΪĲľ飬˵ֲܻͬͺøУĻΧֲսֳƲľԱɹľˣǶΪãɱС
ӣЩǵصڸûôϡݣҿڶ龧ӦֲʦֲĲŶԣҲ֪˭ģöۡ
æһƬҶ͹ġ룬˵еŽҶǸһЩҶǴӵġ
ʱ죺жϡ䶼ˡèԻݲûʲô˽⣬ֻϲݻӲȻҲעֲ
ӣ˵ӦñϲǮࡣ
εտţһȥһֲ˭
ʱ䣬òԭɣǸ˿˿͵Ļѽ
ӣҲ˵峺ɾɽµСϪ
ʱջ֣˿ϣϲͣԹˣһĶʼˡ
Թʱ˸ѶԶ֮˲Ϣ¥Ͷˡ
׼ݵվ
ʱҳȥȡ
һʱ䲻ʱأ˸Сϻӡϻûʲôرģʱʶܴ򿪣ҿ˰
򿪺ʱɫ䣬ϻӵֶڶ£ݵصٱôȥ
ôˣôˣ
ӹϻӣοͷװĶ׻٣٣١ٱͷҲˣαԶ֪֮ԼݣݲҪ֪ĶˣҲһ
Ҫһٱ
ı⼸ûȥɳԭģҲǹⲻȥİ
ӣǿǩԼ
ҡͷͷԼ㲻㡣
ʱ򲹳ѪɫɳͷĿͷԼ
ˤ
ѪɫɳȥıʲôͷԼԼŶԣ
ǵʱû˵Ҫٱ⳥
ǡýĵұ֡
һһè뿴
˵ʲôʲô
ʱȭͷôţ
ת뵽Զ֮¶ˣðɣȷš
һ̣һٱʲôǲʶ
㶣Żش𣬡ԣǲʶ

ӣ
Ŷʲô¶ʦӦڻɽء
˿˿¡ȥ䣬ŵյСٵơ
ϸϸĹһٵƣߺܵ˴ʵĹҹϡ
κʣĵʲôѽ
ٵƣܶʱһп̽˵꣬ͻȻת֣ץסε˫֣˿˿֪ˣܲܣһƬۡ
ðһͷǹȻȫµˡ
ʱ㡣
Σ͸Զ֮
ܲ˸ˡ
˵ãСͳһԲģ㣬װѽϢ¶ȥ
̵׼ˣ챦¥Ϣϻ˭Ҳ͸ͷװʲôװúٵƾϨˣҪҲ꣬ٵȡº봢ת˱Σ˿˿̫˵ˡ
룺ԭʹһƬƬл
ȥͣ
ǰŸߣֻ˰壬θó׼дַֽŵϣСܳţ׼кͼǰƮ˸
ͫһŭһҪգ
̯վڳӣʦǰڸǽõĻ걦ᡣ
ͳͼϤĻƮ˹Լ˿˿һֵصǻ磬÷˿˼
֪ҪҪջȥԥʱָͣϣûȥᣬָίί˵Ĳܳ𣿡
һͣ𡢻𡢻˵ˣ
Сҽˮ𣬸߽׻飬Ȼ˵˵ѧһͻô
ķǰһ㣬ӳҲűϸۿѾæҾţҲʦ˵ˣձ˵ĶҪͬſԡ
ӵζȻԡϧ֮Ȼʦ
Цŵ֮кܶ棬ֻ֮һ뽪ȥǸطҲϽʿĲһν棬֮еĿ鲢ѣֻһ˵ִѡమԸΪԷ˴֮ˣܻĲʡ
һı˵Ƿº󣬾Զ԰ѣžԵʵ⡣뽪δʹᣬһ뿪˼ࡣ
ҰҲ֪ʲôáصҾһûκܣ˭в˵Ը˵Ȩ
ӣͷţ˵öԡ
ߵĴͷ۽鵽˿˿ƺҪ죬̵ԣͺңʵһֱ֪ҾھϽеһ
Σ
Ȼ뵽ˣûᡣ
ָͷ𣬴һС磬ûյѹ˺ü£ĺӴ
СȻϸϸ˿ߣƵָϣš
ͬˡ
ʱ۽ֱ飬ȥأȻͬˣҲ˵ʲôֻѹװʮ˵𰡣ôضոɾôණһܰܶĵҩԲԣӦûֻܷܶǻɣ͸ľֳЩǻһǿϻװóȥѽ
С̳ˮ飬Ʈ˲
ʱϣսһͷ
ʱŭУವһƮεʶ
һȥֿʼˡ
û첽ݣֱ˾պԱߣ۾˯


94 
ϤĻξٴγ֡
һΣ ο˳ӣɫͣԼڳɫҰף ͷƮһСػŮӡ
ˣεһĻ ֻһɶͼס˱Ŷ֣ Ҳţʶض˻ɡ
Ůۣ ڿɲǣ л𣺡Ϣ Ŀ̽
ҳ˵鼴ϽаƵ˷ܽεСҳ֮Уͨѡе֮ӿһ֮ˣ֮ӷ֮ʱٽƳ֮һ óеֱӻٵһҲᱻ˷֡ھ֮ ȼյ֮򡣡
ҴԼȼʮ꣬ ȼȴܶ£ҼǵõѲࡣ
Ҽǵãܾ֮ԴͷϽ磬 ǿѰϽ֮ õϽܴУ Ķ˳ʣϵϣץסᣬӵնҳڣҪ֮ܳͷûô£ܲӣ޷֪˵£ڣ˵ֻ뿪ӣصڵڣǻ˵һУ
뵽˻걮һ걮˵ǰ̳ģһֱ֪ʲôرôž¼ҵǿˣΣ걮նϵĽơ
Ů㶣Ѿڵֻǻã
걮Ǻû걮նҳ
걮걮ﷺ𵭵ֽۣ૵ˡôȥţ
ŮãƬ̺󣬲Ѫ˿۾ٴοΣʣΪţ
صǳҲܸӦ㣬㣬ҳе㣬е֮ӣΰƾѵأ
νŵصҵˡ
ܣ󣬳֮ӣ˷
նһ仰λǸѾѪξε˵һȺʳ
ŮԹ˵ԣûȫƣδƣΪûֱӳ㣿
Ŀ棬ߺҪδ͸
Ƭ̺ŮӾصڵؾȻ飬ڼѵػ㣬飬ʵ󶼺΢رϡΡ
ˣˣи飬һĻԣûͨˣճʱǵĽǡñڣһʱ䣬ͲĲҡһŰֽ㽫ƾͼƭΪֻҪؼʲôȵ֮ӷ֮û˹ѹƣɽعһ׼ԼѾݽߵٶһ˿ϣ
ʵϣʲôֻһб͵ߵø졣
һֱڵȴŮҡͷҲǵˣȥߵأ
æ˵ҵ͹ģҵ
ŮӺû˵Ļӿ٣ýǸԼĻʲôܵԤ÷ǳ㲻ɵʱԸһ򣬲ϧһд㡣֮Ļָһб¶
˵Ҫɱ㣬ȳ飬飬ƬҲͻˣ͵ò֮й׷ѡˣϣ鶼Թȥκθı䣬һ˳ո˽硣
ҵΪѡе֮ӷΪڵ޷ϣֻӣջûӹ
ԼԶЩ֮صˣѰԲԣóȥӴǻ걮βշͷҡεͷĻҲƮ
ʱŮüͷš𣬷һʹƺߣһЩʲô
ӣ΢΢µɫͺһ㣬ֱ
£ٶˡ
ƸоεŬЦݣǲǺܺ£ôڰ·ԭҲΪѧһͨС
۾ᣬۣͨ
ŮͷκβסֻܽŲӼ˵ԣԿδδ֪زģֻͷϵ챻һڸ˶ѣסǣҲסˡڰֻһС֣Ǿܿ⡣
Ҫϣ޾֮·
֪ΪΣҼ;ú졣ٷŻҲ᣺ǳܳԵ֮ǻټĶҪͨһڸ㡣
૵ͨʲôţ
䣬۾ᣬſڣ뺰һ
еŮһһֱȼգѾԼ½磬һӡ
Ϣɢˣ뿪
Ůӻ£⵭Ļ˲ʧ
̸оһƴӸ߿ռ׹䣬й˷磬޷˵һ֡
ûܺ
һ̣ʶԼڴϡ
һΣûзһС
˵ֻƭһΡкܶ£˵ƭҲڹ
ΨһǴƭ˵Ŀ϶ǵûʲôﰲȵ˯ŵû˳ĳط
ﶼܿ࣬ǵþȵϣϡ
֮ǰý˾պԼ
εʶֱӻһͷ˾պ鸮ںڰĴɣ˻ߵغҽײĶѽ
Ƭڰ޷̫á
ڰУХ𽥼
ӴССſڵϵѪɳƣ˾պĶѽ


95 
ͨͨͨµĵ𶯣 ʲôڵµĶҪַ·Ƭֻһ࣬ھ
ŵϸ ˿ѾˣͷϵĽȥλã ǲ˾պͲ棿
뿪Ϊ鸮ǧ򻯣 һνһ
СǶ ˷ Բͷ һֻȥǶ֮ŴţǽǺȻһǴ˱ѩ֮С
һֻ߬סĽǡ
ָḧϵÿһഥɲǣлգ伫Ƚ棬 ˶˲Ŀհסܿ췴Ӧ̷ֳһʶ̽նԼ Ȼû뵽ǣ һƬ
ĺľֻ࿴һ۶εѡ
ԭ鸮ѾĻˣΪڰеѪɷħԴȪ ã £ иΪտµĶ
߬Ľǡ˾պ棡
£θԼҲ˵˾պץң
һСצӽס棬ͷ𣬿еץǧ֣Ұ
ȴϣ߬ǵֺȻɿţ˻϶
Σʲôһ̣ʲôĽϣ֣Ҳ˺֮С
㡣£һĵȴʯ׹ĺ˵һˮ
ڣζŽϵֶǰһ߶ʱͷҲ˶֮
ǸýǴĶ̮һӣȫһƬɫƺµĶֻʶЩģˣĶ
㣬ҿòã
뵽˻ϵһŷ
΢뾡취شһԼɢͷźȹվڿӵıԵȹϥϣһֻվȺһֻŽűֱ̽
ĽԽΪ֧㣬ںϷתɤ˵㿴ˣѽ
˾պҺÿ𣿡
ҷƴҪЩ
αؾᣬʶѾѣǹԽı־ǣһֱԲѡ˾պǾˣܵĿƼҪѡ
ء
꣬Ҳûܳɹ
μˣԱۣ㲻ܳҾȥ㣡
㡣
Ȼʱʲôһξ͸оԼһŷһ̣ع飬ڴϴڴðβŻ
һΣûܳɹηôһĶ̧󣬺Ȼ֣ϲһɫܳϲȦЩɣһӻײͷĶ
˾պ鸮ڵĶȻܴ
ָһɲǣεָһۣѪ߳һ̣һʹ·
ǰһƬڣܾ
ѹֵĻ˻ֲ̿С̽Ȼڰޱ޼ʣִκζʶ쵽£Ҳ޷Ƭڰ
ںڰúһˮ
ֹ˺ܾúܾãοԶһ΢⣬ţѹԭˮ֮
һһһ˸߹һˣȥѪڣƻ
ͬ壬ĲԼȥͷ֣̫죬գ۱ɹâǰ
һ̫ˣ޷嵽жðͷҪԶ֮һĻ϶˷裡
ΰͷкǺã
ٶ̫죬ϲ˲䱻ȡΪȺȫûй˼ǻ飡
㣬Ȼ㲻
һ̣ȺԽŷ֣Ⱥƺġ֣պùһβͣôһʲôû˸ա
ʱβע⵽ÿһͷ϶һֳִĺɫϵֱֱģ˿̣δܿһͷʲô
ʲôҪô϶
졣
ǡ
˾պѲɣϸϸǴ˿ϵһ
ǣļ䣿
Ҳʱٴδ
ĿؿǰһСһʼֻǱɽһǣ𽥿£ȫ޷ȫò
ȻǰСһ΢
Ⱥ϶ģһƬڳأһһۿȥ;ÿ־ľ޴Ԩ
ض޷棬ȴ
߲ˡ
ҲǣӾͷ˰ɣ
û飬ɡŵصǿκϢĹ֮ϡԭΪСѾˣʱַ֣ƬزĹޱߣ䵽ϣͬһ豭ķϡ
Щħ壡ôؼôĵĶ岻ǣϧ̫ˣȻҶѪնչǡ
˭㲻
бϽͰͷɣﶼһ룬ϣģܶ
һħﻹδµô죿ǻ˶ˣˣѪҺ׺ĸɣħҲܴͷˡ˵飬ֻᱻħ󡣡
زΪۻķ˵УƽȡħҲһ֣Ҳһ
ħû취ӭӶϣԾһ쵽˼޷Ӧԣǻٴλ𣬶֮أħҲ
ֻҪˣǾ
һĬһ˵ǿһЩУ̵ǵħ塣
ã
ںǵľѪҲлữء࣬Ҳʢ
ħҲͦãܴԪԪԽǿԽֵܵħĹƻ󡣡
ͷеΣ벻ˡ
˭ģôϸ
ҵģûˡ
Ҫһˡ
ҵӣͲɡ
ߣ˴УϾ

»ָ˾ΨƬ֮ϣŲԶЩħ壬ԽԽ˥Ƭأϡ
˶תơ׺ɣӵ׹纣ףִӺɽۡ
ֱиʦʰѪ׼һѾħа
оȴ֮¾ǧ飬ħ
Ŀ֮£ԼݣҲ֪˿˿ʵѪΪ
Դݸ
㣬ңԳ֮Ϊʯ
һ죬޷סԼ
ħ޷ݻ٣ֻѹ

ԣܳ׻ٵ
һǽʯ
һ
˿˿Ů֪


96 
ֱӻ˹ȥ
˯Ժģ һë׵ĴУͷƤһĳͷèץˣ
һ֮£ ͵ۣͿ˷ŽĹβͲݡ
Ŷ ոǹβͲˢ
˿˿ˣһϲص ڣֻ㡣
Աˣ ˸աһ£ ϲ˾պˣأ
ֹ ɫƺΪѡ
룬ʣ˯˼죿
̻ش𣺡ǵ죬ʮˡηڣġ
˾պĽʯԣ û˽ʯ˾պ޷ֿİţˣҲӦȥƲ£ ԰ŻԿڡ
ΣûˡоβͲѾң ллչңȰװƿߣȻȥתת ȥæԼ°ɣ ⼸ˡ
û뵽̾˿ ҲǺæ
Ҳǻѧ֮ôô÷еõĴУһŵСͷڣʦǼǹŵĳͷڷ
˵һʦúЩͷʲôСС޶
ֻܵԵְɡ
̾˿뿪ʱվԥԥؿڣȥˣɽʱƲ£һ˹ơﲻʲôôʦæ꣬һܸ㡭
ʱͼ졣
סϵͷ
ޡæҵӣβͲݶ죬βɨգ˲Ĩøɸɾ
Σʦǻ˾պ϶˹ƣѹֻôá
ΪЦԷģȳȥˣ飬ףߡ
л
Ȱ뿪ͳƿӹβͲҷƿУʩ鷨ƿӷŽԼССЩۣθ˸ѶҪһյܹڱϢٵơ
ĻӦÿԽˡʱ򣬵ƣۡ
һ°챦¥û걦һӶһǧǰˣ걦ﶼģԪվûˣûʲôֻܴλ
һأ
걦϶ûС
Сٵƣһ鶼׬ģʮ顣
θϽڴֻҪǸٱ飬Ǯġ
Σá
ǱеҲܿ죬æٵ͹
õģæ
ϴѶαڴϷ飬뿴ûдһ࣬鷭ͷּģʶӦòͨϵʾȥ࣬Ҷ۵ĻԵ԰ϵݸģˣ
Ȿ顣
Żȥλ·ȥǻ걮շ걮ôշأǲҪȥ̫ϳϣ걮˭񵽵ģ񵽵ʱûʲôС
һ飬һ߶ˮͷ˰죬ббòǣû̶ܹסɢˣֻ
ڶȻûɢһһСһһͣԳơ
ᷢʱϵСĹס˷˿ʱͷƤ΢΢һۣס㡣
˽ھУΨһѵһ
ȫܿ࣬޹һκ󣬱ҪȫԸ
鵽ߣǳң˾պĽʯҲǶߡ
˵Ҳǹһˡ
οа塢βͲݣ̫ϳϵˣǶΪƬطܶ
¸һסᣬսȼա
ûн˿⿪ǰǸͷϡţνͷٴɢֱӴһñš
ܿ죬ξ͵ǻ걮¡
ǰЩӻ걮֣ղ֪Ϊο壬߹ȥվڻ걮ʿֱӺվסó
ʿһЩϴһ
ͳƣӿ˿һЩ˿˿ŶʦѾǼǹ
е֣ǼʲôûʣȻʦŪģ϶ֻкôûܲءʲôǼǣҲ֪
Σ걮𣿡
ʿҪ𣿵Ȼԣ콾ʵŮ㿴ŵʮߵģ߲ǸܽڵŮ浣ڶʮģڵ½
һʼϻЩŮ޳ʲô˰޵ĵǸĶҪ˱Ȼءһ£֪ģҲҪ׬ʯ˳ˮƴôһ˵ԺܶŮ޶ȥ˰ˡʵǲƵģ콾Ů

걮ϡ
룬ֻҪҶۣûʲôҪԤ뷨Ͳ֣ᷢʲô
Ͻʿи֮ģ޷½硣ԣǸаûа취Կǣα飬鰴õĹ£ǻ۲ߡÿô棬һÿһҳһײСأԣʵлġ
ǰֳɵϽԶԿα
޾֮·
Ҫβշأ
ϸϸ·עһʶ󣬾ͷͷһƬãã˰ףʲôƲ
ߴǸʿʶע󣬾һɾǰ壬ͷŤŤȥʲôأҪԥֱǰ
ѽ˶һֱߣ˲ˡڴԲˣʶ񶼻ûҪѽڵ콾
ˣñſЦ
ʶʼϳ壬ٶɲ죬Ū걮ͷûʲôܣĿ겻ǳһ˽걮

챦¥ϣԶ֮վڴ߿һƬҶڴϣҲ۰Ͱ͵سͷ
¶ڴ⴦ֻһС⣬濴ΪֻһƬССҶڴҶһȣҴΪƵԵЩȣԶ֮߿Զֱ֮վѵһˤϡ
Զ֮㣿ûˡ
վشߣʲôŤø黨Ƶġ
Ͱ˸ƬҲỹ˵¡
ϲСӣһƲµĴڣ˵֪֪
ʶñһǣ˫Щ׵Ĵ۾Զ֮΢ɴ£̾Ϣһ֪ˡ
ۣƳһ۶ڴ͵鹷βͲݵҶԶ֮ЦЦҶҪˣ۱ʲôǻҡĽŰ𣿡
ǰ䰮޶С¡
Զ֮ϣÿοǻ걮û걮ڿҡ
ǻ걮û˵Ǽǧǰı˲һǴ
һ£ѲɣԼţ
Ҷ˶Զ֮ЦһôԼŵģҳžͲȵĸ
˵ҾǴ۳ºرõģǲӻ
ҲǡԶָ֮һ»걮µŮʲôˣҲǸù
ŶǸ


97 ز
εһֱ˽ڴԲľ硣
ΪǽڴԲ δԪӤ֮ǴѪɫɳɳӵԵʣҲҪȽ𵤾ǿһЩ
뵽Ҷ۵Ϸ ԥһ£ٴηԽǵ
ԱߵʿһΪƾҲɰ ҪҪҲʵøûʲôڣ
δ˿ȷʵ һ䣬˭ʵ𣿡
ʿϴƣ ͻȻð˸ һ·׷ ͻȻڻŵأʱҴʦ֣һʼͻǸ˻ڸԱߵ˵ΪԼ´ˡ
һڲ ڷĸ졣
˳ᣬʦתͷٿͷֱֺԭʧˣ ˵߸Ǹɽپ Ϣմ뿪
۾;ʵ걮ԭ̶ʾԪӤϴһصϣ ֳ֮˶ɽ١ǵʱɣ ǲǻ걮о˭ܳɽپ Ҳܰµˣ˭Ԫܴﵽɽپ
ĽԽͻƶɽҲǧԺˡ
βһͣ
Աߵ˻ڶԣҲѾԪӤڶ㣬еλˣˡ
ջ
֮ǰĻ˾պڵ걮໤
걮ϲš
ϿɵţѲ£ﵽɽپ־ǲ˴ڣ걮ͻ
ϣ
أڵߡ
ʿ˰
Żæ˵Ŷ˸ʯ鷳ʦˡһ˵һߴӶʯ걮Ҫʯģǹأ
ʿڰֵˣʯ˵˭֪ʱѾͺ˰
֮ǰʯա
óԼƣʾΰù
βԣͳơ
΢Цŵҽй˰ʦʦͬұ㻽һСʦˡСʦã࣬ҪŬŶ
˵꣬Լεһײһ졣
˰ף٣
ͷңϵĺڰơ
ֻͨһ仰ȴһů鶼ɲ١
ջ֮ǰҲײһƣõģ˰ʦ֡ף٣
˵βջ뿪
˰Լͳһʯ￴ֿգšüͷʯרר걮ʯľϻӵС
ӻǸ
ʵʶжǿ걮϶ɽڿ̶ȵ˾պ˾պǳ˳ϵģ֮Ƕɽ٣˾պħֻʵûָǱͻƶɽҲǳ¡
Ķȥ
ţκȻͣ½Ų
һˣѪɫɳܱһѳôɳ϶ﻤԶ֮
Զ֮ǿ
Զ֮ˣ
ûţ
Ѿʮˣǰı֣пҲûгꡣ
Ҳ˵Զ֮޷ԶţĲ꣬Ԫﵽ˶ɽڣʲô취أ
ˣԶ֮Ͷ
ͳѶܿ죬ִ˹˿˿ôˣٵѾҵˣżػҵ͵ϡӦæúܣ٣Щ˵ʱںʲôˣ
ΣҾʣԶ֮𣿡
ٵĺͣͣᣬд˵꣬ڣһܽˡ
۾һû꣬û𣿡ʶԼ̫ϲ̵뵽취ز⣬⻰αע⣬æסͷϽ飬ͷȥ
Ǳߣĵ꣬Ҳ˵ز
Σ˵ͦġкܶ궼ǿŵء
ʲô취ؼĵرҶУɵԹˣûκζ
ʣܲܵӹѽ
϶϶뿴㡭ѹ͵ĳˣ֪ϴμʮǰˣԶ߹·ϣѪ
ΣǸ
û£һֱ֪ͺһֱҲ֪ҹһˣæȥˡһȾƣ
ϻðλۣ֪ʦٵʲôʱ֮۵׼ãˡ
׳ֹۣ˵ã
챦¥ϣԶ֮üͷʮǰҼ߹·Ѫ˿ŵЬ棬ôܣǲǲ˺ࣿ
ǻѪǴӲ¶ǰʮǰĻӦòôء
ҲЩ꣬嶸Ȼ˥ġ
ûʲô˼
û꣬ͦġ
ţҶһ£ңһ˵˭Ҳҡ
ǰǽԺѡ˰ɡ
ز֮˵šŶѪ󣬻ʲôѪҲ˵룬Ҫ
ǡ
˲䣬Զֻ֮ǰһֱ
࣡˺
Զ֮ࡣ
겻ٽˣһҪ
ԶСҲѾԭʧ
룺Ҳ
ʱ򣬾ٱ⳥ʲôʱԼʲô취ܱҡ
ز
Զ֮Цԣز


98 
ܺܺڡ
кŨѪζ ߻ŮѹֵĿսͿ־Ĵĳݼ⴫˳Ϳһ ݺݵסΧ˵Ĳӡ
Щѭȥ һƬʲô
ڰͣиOO@@ ľ׽žëȻ
ֱۺë ƤѸһ㡣
ǺδҸողڡ
ˣ ࡣ
࣡ϴβͬ ûбɱʶԼݡ
ֻһεĻþƺܾ㤣˵ÿһ඼޷ȥǹΪ࣬Ѳɣһξˣ
ס ʶȻССëʶڡ
̧֣ гС磬 СͣԼ
ڻɲǣβſԼ֣һϸ˿ĺߣ ǡǡȦ Ϊϸˣ ߸ɿ壬һСľͻȥȥּʵ壬ָ̽ڲ빴˿ߣҲ˸ա
Ͻ֮ɱײ㣬קʱѾķ̫½羭˲׺ɣ±Ǩձʰȡ׽ѳ½磬ֻһ˿Ϣ֤Ըߴ
Ƕߡ
Զû۲ܣʣûԵĶ
С˻Σޣ
Σ
ûʲô걦ˣõȵƹغܻôϿɣ
ֻߣûбģֻ뺦ˣ
취ƹذɡ
ڵĵطǸʯ̲ȫǶһһʯͷ࣬ܶʯͷ϶ȾѪʯмˮ͸ŨŨѪζ
иŮϥھһԶλãǰһѽ
ŮӶһŮΪڽڣ·϶մ˺ѪۣԭɫοŮ޳ţϹһȱ˵еϻڵŮޡ
Ҳ֪ǲǻԭɫŤرС綶һ£ٶλһ

ӦĲˡǲˣһƲл꣬һִĪǣǰ࣬ûܳȥʿ
˺滹һֻſŵĺޣ߻һЩ֫
̫ˣѹ嵽ʲôޡ
ע⵽϶˺üǥϱһɫţһֱ죬ͷһѲβϵĽӾڽϡ
Զĵطʯͷ˰˸ߵΧǽڵƬطȦΧǽ֮С
ʶؾãЩ˱һȦ
ڵȦģСȦһѾܡ
ʯͷݵΧǽߣȥȻա
OO@@ٴ𣬶Σע⵽ˣֳǺɫޣͷ΢΢ζ﷢๾ƤµҲתĶͷӱڵ϶ڲݴе
һ죬Ǳϵɫֲˣ˵ˣһ
κ͵Ůɨɨȥգѡ񿿽ڵϵŮޡ
˸ոһŮ޾ۣɲǣǰĳȻ⣬ԽˣΧŵʯǽϣһ̣ǽϷɳֱײŮޣץȥֱץ˸ա
һ̣ŮӱʯǽϵĽУ˺üվȡ
Լ˿ڣѪʱ΢΢㵡
˼Ůˣ¶ϲɫƷΧŮӡ
Ҳ˵ģ
βԥʩչַɲ࣬ܶʶѾܹʵǿϸ룡
˦ϸ룬ûֱӴ̵ϣǽˣס֣
ԲӵҪˣɱ˷ѪѪϣһǶ
üʯǽƲ𣿡
ԲӸشĻֻǼصɱѪĻǶ
ѹ𣿡
ߵĲ֫ԲǱҧģ涼ûӡңȻƲãŮӴܸ꣬оԷΣͷνޣףֻۡ
شǸŮޣûУ⼸죬ͿɱˣûƼѹ
ǽǽҲУΨнõϿɺܳȥʱƲ
һģΪŮ֪ôˣʣˣ
Ůޣա
죬ɱĸˡһֱûѡ
Ů޻ش꣬αȭܽڣ浡
Ҳûֱӵڣ˿˿ܽڵʿкøеģ浵ָպ콾ԭڵʮλŮޡ
ƳһۣɱĶǲûֹǿȿסǡ
εͷ˦룬뵽ԼʶԪӤˣԡ
һлһ
շ˲ãʧ㶣ô죿ûаƿʯǽ
浣ûգ죬ڳ˥ˣնɱЩʱһ֡һ£ҲǻˣǣܱҵȥڻУҪϵظһĻ
ΪʹŻִ
࣬һ龭ǰʹࡣ
ۺ̣ţõʱԹۣûʯǽ
浣һʼеϣڣоԽԽԶ֪ˣ֮ǰ͸ð˾ǵִʧҲһֽѡ
һ£˵ҿǳЩ֫󣬻ʵ
˲䣬ԶðһСŮ
СŮҲǻ
浣ǻ𣿡˵ʱǺһĨЦںϵֻ֣Ѿսơ
ҡҡͷƾֵķ϶ǿЩĻΪûܳȥ
ԶǿȻܿСҲûƽϣֻǵˣĳȥˡܳԵģĶǻܲԣ
Բǳܷ֮
ϵЦһЩǽޣҵķɽ޷ֳԸոյĽǽ⣬һɣǰѽȥնΧǽء
ָǶβϵĽ
浣ǰγƱػᾪֻޡ
̵ȥΡ
һ£ŵãȥβͰνǰվţע
һȥνȻΣգ˵Ļ϶վǰעǸΣա
⻰ǰߵվȥνǰעҺϲģ
浣ҡ
Σǽޣû׼ܵõǽϿأҾǸֲʦѣԽһϲͨ˵⻰ʱʶһϵĺߣʵӵڵƬĽء
ú󣬽ŵޡ
·СŮʱλͷ£ǻȥġ
СŮʣҪȥͷ𣿡
ΣΪʲôǹأ㿴˵ôأ϶ǥβͻסҾܿһҲǱ˹ģҰԲŻôĥԲԣ
浽Ųס
˵ֲʦǰһţΪüݵֲʦ
ȴã˵˿˿ĺᣬֲʦ
ΣǾܴǳȥˡ
СŮԱ˵ˣͷ˵ã㣬ңҲǣҲҪ


99 
ŵǰߣ ӶѹЩԵʮֽ
ǰ棬СŮѧ żⶼƮ˵ء
νסǣУ
͵͵ߵߣ ȻţΪҪֱӴ󷽷عȥ Ҫ³ûѣ νʱ ҲѰ
Ǽèô˳ ͵͵ŵˣವһȫëըõĻᱻһצӡǰѩСèʱ㣬 ʱĻѹû͵ʱ㣬ϾǳڵĴС
浣ԣ
̧֣ СȼøһЩ ŴҡڵǰߣŲúأÿһŲȥ ܷصĽŲ
ǽ ڿŸ˲࣬ Ҳûжģǣʵĺܳ
㶣ʶͷǲʲôǵǧ
صĽŲȻ˵ſŵľޣƤƿһϸ졣
ɵ𣺡ɺܶ޶ηⰡ
̱۾Բ̴Сɫͫٱխһߡܿ죬˫ͫ羵شӾڿ˵Ӱ
ſ죬Ѫ
浣Ѫ֮ǰж޲ʳˣΪߵĶ֫ûб˺ҧĺۼڣзѪ
Ƚ֮µٴ˲䣬˲ֱ仯
Ҫ޵Ľ̫ˣҪ赲Ҫʱ䣬ûն룬ֱ̧ȥץΪᱻˣȴûϵϵϸߺƶһ£ȻǵֱӸˡ
۾һᣬץסԼ˵ϸԼѪҲˡ
ֻ߶еģ޿̫ãǿѹŵǾõѹѹƣĻǲʹƫͷΣʦ㣬㲻𣿡
ǲΪñӣһ㣬ûô£
ЩŮͦ඼ϲñɴߡرܽҿɴ¶ʱ˾޵Ŀ⡣
ֻЩŮ鷳úܣʦñӣͲᣡϾʦ㻹ǸһǧصŮޡ
۾һʶ̧ͷͦأ¡һֱǴҿе˿˿Сɰһ˽ʦ㣡ŵİ𨣬ûйʦ㣬ҲǸһ˿˿
ڣҲΪָԽڷ絲ʦˡ
ǰߣڿʱ޺﷢˸Ѫˮɲ
Σ£ġ
룬ʵʵҪǿĲٿͷϰֻ룬Ҳһֱֻ룬û뵽һγɹҲ˳
ܿ죬ξͳɹʶ˸Ӳӵ˹ȥҧָ˵Ӧһ£֪Ƕû⡣
عԱߡ
޵۾תڷԶһƨһŲȻβͣ۵һ
۽͵ԶˣʱûŹȥڽĵá
浣ʶٿôģ˵Ļˡ
ϸһ£𣺡Ѫɫɳɳ㲻㣿ûڱĵطʶˡ
һ飺Ѫɫɳҽȥö൹ùȻܽѪɫɳת뵽ԪôǿȥҲܳû˵ʲôˡ
޻ûʼҧֿʼСŮ죬ƽʱ˽һֱվԱ߿еģֲһСԼѾˣ᲻ʲôʡ
ͿʦѾСŮһһ˦룬ڵһӡ
С˭סֱˣ˺¡
ŤͷͿѾʼҧˣ۾ǿСŮʦ㣬ڿҲûôֲˣ·дšҲ
һ̣Ҳ£һƽǰȫײϵСӮˡ
κСŮ
˵õĸ佣أ
ʱע⵽Է࣬ͶСŮ˵Сһﲻˣȹȥѽ
ʶСӷһСŮҡ
СŮҲæ
˵Ա߸裬ûôˡǰ۵ʱҲ˸ҳ裬¡
СŮ
˼ޣһΣû
ΣҪεϵǥβϵĽҪϵӣ»ۣס𣿡
۵ûҧ򡣡
̲סúõĶ𣬵һ٣Ҳ۵ģͬʩչԷ٣ᵼֳɡ
ն˵Ҳۣʵۣʱһȣ˵Լ£ֻ˵֮סֵֻ
ߵԱߣȰνˡ
԰ſµͻȻͺ
ΣģεԺǲᶪ㣬ǻĶߵ޵ǰֱĴţҡĽӴΪԼĻ˵ܵԼϣժԼͷϵñ
ڽӴʱӣؿĿӺŴŵί
δŲµһԭ
ΪһѪȻҲϢӻ࣬ͷĲܱڵĽߣܸоϢ֡
岢ֻ½Ÿ߹
ΪѾ￴ˣζ
˵Ͻ磬ҲѪĴڡ
˿̵뷨žǣôҵ˼ɡ
ˣۡβǱߵ浺Σ
浿ʼν
޷һʹĲҽУҲŲԱߵСŮæ裬ܴ
ҧס򣬸ɿԼͷϣ˵档
ζҲ԰ķֻԱ߹һ̾͹ȥˣһСóĸô񰲻ꡭ㶣ͼСŮżأҲԽԽ
СŮɵգڿת˸Ȧ˵㣬ˣǺܹԺܹԵޣһֱڱǣҾǷĲ
ڣҷ
ҲʱٴᣬͻȻˣ
ȥǽֱͷڿʼϵǥۣŶ
ͷβͻѪȴƲһ˷ܵȫţڳһֵơ
ΣſŰôͻȻվ·ơ
ȶڲ
ǲſѵسǶӣ˦˱ϣʾץסӡ
ͺһ
Ž·뵱
Σ
ܵŮȻǱӵ°ɡЦ£̣ſ£˺ˣҵСøովͽ̡
̹ȻԹſ¡
οʼˣϣһŪһʱǱҲ浾ϲˣˣ
һ̣ξͼǰľɫȻһ䣬ֱӻһطһûʵĴ֮ϡ
ףһյӡ
΢Ц˵ǵڶͨҿʿ
ʱȵһ˺ܶ࣬Ҹǵķʽ
Թ˵ҳβؽڣһ壬Ȼʱ򷸹һ󽫱ߵ޵ޣֻв֫Ѫ
´˴ľ飬ұʿӽߣĵͬʱҲù۲΢ԩˣҲŹͽ
þ֮еĲǰռδִܻ֮ͬɷŲĽһֻʣһƲڿ̵þ˲䣬Ҳӯ
꣬ǣҸöá
һϮ£ӵһ¡һ񣬡л
Ҳתͷȥˡ
һֱɵˣ˲͡
ʦʲôʱñժˣ
ʦ㡭
ô


100 ֪
ʣһص˭Ҷ𣿡
ӵͷں ֱԽƳҵĽϣǽɼͦΡ۷粪дⰻȻ︴յĲ ˣҲǲġ
Ҷõģ ϶Խ֦챧ԽĽȻȻҲմȾ֦Ϣ иƣؾܵõϿˡ
뵽Լ αƣ ֱӵԺã ͲѸʶİƤˡ
ӣ
浵岻ϣ𣬰˺ϺĺӣҲ˫ų⣬ɱܶ˶ôȻһ̣һת ʦ˵Ŀ϶ԣҶ۱ȻԲá
λɣȥ 浾ͻǸҶصһС
Ϊ Ҳ漰ԭĵݣ˵صڵСغ αǿɱˡ
˶ ԰˵ǰĴпͨʲô ЩͨҪξ
ĿϣŵֻһƲĿ鶼һŵʱ£Ҳֻ֤Ҳû޸ģν˿ǿԵõҵĽС
ֻǽޣµҲǽУ˵ô󡣡Цһ˵Ǹ
Σ
ѧü𡭡
¼ܰѽֻǵʱ޷ʽԹѡֲһĽ츳ȷһ㣬ԶԶȲֲһ
γ˼ʱʳһ⣺ǰδͨˣ޷ٳȥ𣿡
ӣ˼£ǻᱻӳҵĻþɱˡʳˡ£Զڴ˵أͶƣҳ¾ĵ覣᲻ڣֻκΪܸ侲ݡ
ȥڻþеˣĿǰͨĲʮˡ¾üҲա
ĺ󱲣
һ̣˵ʶҿ͸һŵʱܿʵֻãԪ񣬱Ʋǿ
¾һӣξͿǰһˮˮֵľɫʮֹŹ֣浶̲סԭһĿ飬ĵط˵˼ɾ˰ɡ
¾죺Լ

ˮһƬɳǽ׹ʱᣬϼĨǳ֬
ڽɫɳ̲ϣǰ֧һŷϰűƣˮܸоˬǰԶиεˮ̶̶߳«έаˮ̶ˮҲڲݴȥǣˮ̶ﾹͷ
ûĻͷɫС
Ӷ˱ˡ̶Сɲģ
Զ֮ѵ˵Զ֮Ҳֻڽ緶Χڵ˲ſԱ࣬Զ֮Ļ˵Զ֮ڡ
շ걮Ǿα⣬һⶼӭж⡣
¾쿴ˮˣӢĽüš𣺡һĻþʵǿ󣬱Ƴ֪ΪΣﲻߣƺͦġԹȥһΣǲߡ
þýеʿԪ˥ϻõάþתֱг׽µĽɡ
ʱҲɢ֮䡣
һֱûһأǽսС¾һΪѣֻǸǰδǵڣӦôأ
ֻǵʱµһʶǰʵѾǵˣڴ˺󣬲ҲܴӦԡΪԽǿʱҲԽֱִŻɢ֮䡣
Ȼ¾û뵽뿼ʿԪ֮ˡ
ؼԪǿˣѰ·һѪȿֲĻþ÷羰ˣͷˡ
һĿֱֹضˮڵԶ֮ǰƵʶ˥⡣ǰԶ֮Ҳ¼ڣ絽ɳ̫ǿͬʱ岻ãԾϣʶܹõͷţӶѹ
һ¾ǰķȻԶ֮õı
¾죺˵ʯ
˭ܻȫУлþͻʧʯȻԸ
εͷ仰϶Ըˡ
¾׵ãԡԭʧһ̣ˮ֮С
οԶ֮˵Զ֮Ȼͷţˮһˮʧ֮ʱ¾Զ֮Ѿ˴ϡ
¾죺Ӧ˵Ҫ˼棬ҾʹˣԭͨʿһزŻ档
¾ĸߴ󣬽Զ֮˸߰˰ˣ˵ÿŽ¶˳
Զ֮ǹ𣬡Ȼ㡣
һۣݵԵʣԵøƤҲԲ԰ףµü֮дһɾݣ˸˵ĸо쳣·һ綼ܴܡ
ʵֻһﶼɳӣʲôӲӵģ˶ûԶ֮ôԪǿ֮ӦÿŶԡ
Զ֮ĿͣɢҵͷϣࣺôͷɢģĽأ
ɳﱻŶʱļ䣬ʶվֱһЩʵʵػصᡣ
Զ֮Цٱ׼𣿡
ʱʱõĴ𰸣̵Ҳʶ
𰸣Զ֮һʱЩЦá
ʱǰһֱӵҲᣬиҪҪ˵
һ˳е̫ࡣǰֻǸʹûѧ̫ණ̣ôºʱңҸ˷һ£һʡ
޷˵ֻлᡣ
ŷȥǶǣҲûܿˣֱӵ˵ڵر÷ҳγһ飬һ£ǾҶۣǻᱻαָ£ΪҶ۵̤ʯؾͻô
ѿڶôܣ
תͷ浡
ܹɹЩ࣬ѾöԳһеۺˮ
ôһȥֻһ䷴Ļ˵ҲпܣϾֻεһСضѣϽܵ󲻵
εͷȥ
ʵЩԶ֮浻⣬˶ʮרעԽԽƽʵ޷жЩ棬ЩǼ٣Լ¶ģҵһЩΪģһġļҲģģΪȼա
ҵҲڲ֪ĵط
飬Ƭص飬˵Խ
˾պھѾαѹȥ߻ԭˣԪش඼ҲңΧƲת
룺ԽԽ˵ˡ
ϾôƯʦ㲻ѡȥѡǸƲ£϶ӻ˰
ܵαӰ˵ͨ
ΣϻдҵĲƸἯеҶСԶ֮걮ǲ㣿걮Ͻһ˾պͻƳʱ걮նα׽٣ֻҪû걮ǾжԿ
ȥˣ׷ʣôдң
ΣûᣬҲ档һʧһ䣬ܶŮ޶ĽҶۣΪ˸ۼˡתͷĿƵضԶ֮
Զ֮̾˿ҡ
Ц֮ǰ޷շ걮
Цݽϡ
Զ֮һԣҵδﵽϣ޷ܣɽ٣ҵ᳹١ʿǿҲ޷Ҳ໯һһƲؼε

㿴λǰ̸ֹ볣ɣʵѲ˼ǲǽ̸ʱ¾ǰȻǰû£վԭһ·⡣
Զ֮ԽԼƶɽڡϾôǿȻѣȻڲôĻᡣ
浣ʦȻǸһǧصޡ
棬ûˣϾҪӯ̬ҲҪ
ΣҲ
Զ֮ҪǰɣԽԽáһ˼ûһ顣
κԶ֮ͬʱһҡ
浶ͷֱģŻѪΪĵʱͻȻҿЦ
ûжң϶ûһ飡
ֹңҵʦʦʦʦǣܶ϶һ飡



101 ӽ
 ˾պƽʱܰдҿһ£ ѧͷĽһд İŮԼǰ Ҫװ˵ ǽʱ 㲻ҲǱ֮ʱ ǿҵ𣿡
͵ʱĳ
ѪͻʹѣԪӤǿ߼ǣܻܿϢȥֻж˾պ߲лĻᡣ
ʱȥȥͷԼĪظ˾պ
ǸԼܲ˵Լ Ҳǽ˵ĵԼ
˾պصһ棬
 ʱѪ ǵãѺ϶кܶѪӡ
˾պıʵǾϽ
ԣ ǱɷѪûǧӴѪһһе־ ӦͷҪȥ
뵽 ҽ鸮ֻһƬڣҲνԼִԨð
Ա۾ɴ૵ʦ㣬Ҳ𣿡鸮ޣôڴͥ˵Ա߻ˣ
ڻصǳȥҲ
˵£ǲΪѪѪΪ޹أʱ򶼻ˣҲû취ǩʲôԼҪжϣǡɫ΢΢ףľһѪҺ
Զ֮ϣƤû̧ѪҺڣʱûʱֱαװޡ
һһˣʧ˰ѪʱԼȻжϣպѪҲ»Ѫϵ
ζ񣬡۾ʱ죬ẓ֮̇ǰΪ۾ʱܽء
Զ֮ƿߣһ˼͵Ϊɷӿ̣ȻΪػˣϾԽѳܴ֮䣬ȻҲһ˿һ˾պڡǸϧĺˡ
Զ֮ͷҲˡ˵ԽҲǲԣҾٴһЩ֡
ΣҳȥͱȻŸڵÿһѪ
̲ס죺ȵȣôԽ˵Խˣʲôÿһֶһôôףƫƫϱ鿴һһ棡
һֱĳ¾ͻȻһҲĴ˵ֻβˣһһֱи˵죬Ժж˳˳ء˵꣬
Զ֮û浣ҲһʱҲֻǵƲ⣬Ʋ⡣Ҳ˵Ʋȫһ˾պ㣬۾̵ʱܽأѪͰ׷ˣѪ˻ܳһʱָܻҲἫûǿԪͻƶɽ٣ﲻɽֵò걮Ͽɡ
Զ֮ΪԼǣλеж
һ̾˵ҵȲôˡ
ַڴߵ͵Ϳԣһصҵշ걮˾ҡ
ЦһܾҵٱͲˡ
ͷƤ飬ȵȣ˵ģƽʱαٿأôأ
Զֱ֮𣿡
¶һŹֵ΢Цڤڤָ֮ǸֱÿζܴΣգѰñ׻Σ
ǲǻԽԽֱԸŸоߡǹȴһƬ⣬̾һҲ
Ƕûôǿֻ˵ģСһ£ʶԷԣңҲһֱ
Ϊţα֮ѡ֮ʱŻһٵġԶ֮һڽȻôҲѡҲŶԡ
ϾҿϹ֮ˡ
Զ֮ǰһֱƶԼ
ͷ۵СһĵʥȻʱǸ£ΪʱʵһؼĲԲŻûʵ壬ת˲ʧһһţоۣײ˫֮С
û˿ǲ
֮ͼá
ȭͷҪεֵ
Զ֮Ҫƾо£ƾġܾ⣬ġ
˵ô࣬࣬ʣʱҲ쵽ˣҲ֪ʲôʵĸо̫ˣ
Զ֮ҿ֪еͽħ֣˻ʱ޸ĵ⣬һЩħϢ˺ӹأӶӰЩͽŮޡʱƱҪȥ࣬ߺ
մԸħķħʵϸ֤ħǱ߳ħ壬ͼûеħ壬֤û⡣
͵̧ͷ˵˵
Ҫôȣǲÿһǧ궼ȥһħħдµ󷨣ȥħ򼸸ȫȡħ֪ĸְɣԪӤϵʿܹԪϽУͷɱħħģħǰһֱ룬Ϊǰô෽ѹħ壬˶ĴУֵܹסħ塣
ˣΪΡ
Σʱ٣ħ𣿡
Զ֮һ˵Ŀܡ˪ѩʱΪ˼ԼĽ⣬µһľˣᱻαֻǣбȥɡ
֪һԾ޷ˡ
¾죺ˣȫоͨأǽУǹȥ
Զ֮˿νűߵñ˳ץ𣬿ͷϡ
һ̣˳һԲοյϡ
ͨصʿҲڣоҶۺƲ¡иڵĵӻ׷ʣֻɫأôͲˣҺòײƽôʧˣж˵ʲôãҪֻɫޣ
кü¾졣
ʿ׷ʵľһ
˵󣬳¾Ĳһֱӳϡ
ն»һڽһ㣬һĳХ󣬳¾ľǽУӽ
£Ľǧ꣬ŵµͷ
һʼǵĽԶЩ
˼ֱӻһ׹ʧг¾컹⣬һ
һֵ̣Ʋ£
¾Ŀ˿˿ϣǵãһɵõŮҲֲʦ಻彣ɣ˵жûʲôãʶҲǿһģϣֵܼøһм
ȿֵ˿˿ʱ¾һ㵡
˿˿Ǻ߾Ȼս
ӽٶȱ֮ǰõҶۻ죡


102 ¼
þУ 鼱֮ͽȥץնĽϵĺգˡ
˵¾ǰµǽ飬 Ϊֲʦսò󣬿ҲôҶ۴գ 㳢ȥûԣ
ǽ̫ܼ ֻһֻֿԵطס ЩĽƵĦԪ еĽԽ࣬ Խ󣬼ֱܰƤ̣֮
֪Ϊ˰˼Ͳ̭ʶ֮ʵ̫ĥˡ
Ψнڱн⣬ԽЩɺΪãûôʹ࣬ܳܵĽҲԽࡣ
ҲʶԼϣǵǧǰһ ͱʶĹ󣬵ŵøѡ
ѵҪô
һʼȷҶյö࣬ нԽ࣬ Ԫʹָ̣񵲵ٶҲԽԽˡ
ؼǣžս֮֮ӣ Щطײ Щӭȥ֮ʱ ͻȻոܵ
ίغǰ۸ˣ
ʶﲻѩ£Ҳǰ壬û˻ϰԵˣڣǵǸֻö˱ӻµС
ٴҧܾͬʱӿ˻ӭٶȣ
ҲʱθоԼΧһɳӣнɳ赲㲻ֱӴ壬мײ˽нɳйҲû֮ǰôˣ
Զ֮һ
ŤͷһͷԶ֮Χɳӿʵʵһѽɲȥ
յĳ¾˵ֱ뿪
Զ֮ü˵ýʯҵģʯͷΪҪߣǰԶ֮ˣ
¾죺ȻǡʯҪн֮ſȡָҶۣҲС
Զ֮ǰһɳתǾһЩĮԡգܹǱɣܷ籩γɳе磬ܿ죬еǧɽͣסһ
¾żһ̤޹ģ¡죬Զ֮סĽȺ𶯣볤ζ̲סס䣬󿿽Ǽ̶٣Ż˿תͷһôһĵֱ
ڶصľˣھʣˣԼǱߵҶۡ
ɳͽγɽ֮ơ
Զ֮΢һֻ֮ûӦõĶкβɣǰԶ֮ˣѲɣҪǰ
ŵʱ򣬿пǹô
¾죺ԪʱͶӣܳΪеһ֣࣬Ψµ˿Խ룬˭뵽ͷô
ڵν棬ЩҲ
Զ֮ǾͰսУǲǽޣҪƣӦֻϽ޽ˣܴ򷢵ģ
˲䣬籩ԴһЩ¾춼ɽʼܿķˣϵãնپǶ٣ܽȫɣʯ߱ǡ
Զ֮籩˲ͣͣЩߵĽҲת򣬷׷Ρ
δŴȻǺʹȴغ𣺡ԣ
Զ֮Ǹʱ䣬ǰȫҪմȾĶЩֻǴǿĶ˵ǸΨһҪģǸоɵʯˡ
¾죺
ûشȴҲвٿŸķɽײе㣬ǵ˼
Դһ֮󣬵޾ͿʼϽ͡
ѹʱСͣˡ
ײһʱգһ϶ܳŵøãռ
һսһʦǱ߿Ѿ⣺꽣ͻӽʦֱϽһɱԼһ࿸ɶˡ
ʱҶͻأλȲǽޣαض˻Ե
Ťͷ͵ұޣʹ̣Ҫȫȥ
ҶŭҲǽޣὣ
浣ҷ
Ҷ۳ִӽٶȸ졣ȥ佣ͬҲǱһģûøСĶ꣬ڣܸеԷԡ
Ǳлӽٶȸ죬ǱƳһЩǱֹһҶ޷֧ţһ׹ʧ뿪֮ǰĿϣȻвʡ
¾죺Ҷۣٶʮ߽ǰĵУŵýǰ塣
Ȼʣµˡ
һ˶ɳ룬Ѿ˯
һˡ
˸ĸӣĺߴڸϣЩײȥĽǸγһ޴ĹʱʱһǸЦʣǿʲô
浣˻ķɶꣿ
Σơ˾պ͸ҵĻơ
ǸǸޣȴûһǰһ͵ˣʱʱȥһȥȥһ֮Ҳա
˿ôŹ֣úõĽڵòײࡣ
Ȼ֪ΪΣ¾һҲֹ
ɢǰܸǴһҲرŮޡ
Ͼ˵һõĴ𰸣ú̺Ů޵ִɢԽѡ
ҲԷĵ뿪
֣ǰδϵȴãԲ

걮⣬Χ˲ˡ
ʥ࣡һεʥ࣬ǧǰֹһΣ˵ʱвٵء
˶类˳ʣµĶڽܽеģףˣ⣬һ
ڵĳɣʿһҲ˵ùȥͨһرӮ˾ųɵĵӣ
ڣƲ£һֲʦˮƽӮ˼ޣ˵Щ콾ûڻ걮Ա߰ȻܽĿһš
ӱȥʱʲôطҲʲôطոЩȻûڻ걮
ʱĹ˰ǰʦû棬Ҳֲʦһָ걮Ҳ㿿ǰ
̧ͷһʱ߯ôԪӤڣ϶ˣ㻹˵ʲôҲ㿿ǰ
ǰ壬ռ
콾١
ʱˡֱʮ߽ʮŽʮһܽڵĽޣһǵŵĵޡ
ϻڻһû
һϻŮ޵ֻ಻ʺǶѡ
ǧǰõһܽڵĳӽɣʱʮŽ֪ܴ¼
£պվһʿüͷ˵ǽڵļλ콾ˡ
أָŻ걮浵ʡ
Ϊʦ֣ʦֶŶʮһء
˼ȣһʱҲ˳һЩ˿ʼˣΪǻ˵ģһֱͺܿ˲⡣
ʱ˵ڱϡ
ڡҶۡٶʮ߽
ٶʮ߽ԶԶ˵ܽڵĳӽɣ
־ˣ걮ǰֵʧ
Ƭ̺һƬڣٶʮ߽϶ߵˣܳԽǲˣ
£˰ʼˣѲɣʣµ˶ˣ˿˿Ҳûˣǿǵϣȥ֮ǰƣ˵١ôһСô͡
ûܳأ
ȻҶҲ콾ӦΪˣ뵽ǸС˰;Щܡ
Ŀ䵽װʯϻϡ
˰ˡ


103 
浣 ٰʮ߽
˿˿⻰Ϣζһ£ ̧ͷǶٽ
־ϰԺ£ ǰ滹˸֡
ޣûС
ûһ飬 
¾죺֪ҵʱնѲɻһһ ˲͵ˡʯȡ ֱԶ֮
Զ֮˯ ۿҪʯͷҵҲ˲Ϣ̷ɴڹȥһʯͷץŤͷո۵Զ֮ԸĶأ𣿡
Զ֣֮ ݸңһ
ξָСʯͷطŵ̯
Զ֮иֵľһͷСôצӼСʯӶ ЦЦ ԣˡ
ʱϷĳ¾ҵĽѾȫϣ ԺҲٳ֣ ǿ뿪ˡ
浱أ šüͷڽϿ֣еĽĽڽϿҲвֻͨЩĵʣȥ˾Ļ𣿡
Σڵ걦Ӧܼǵһ
ĿƵضԶ֮ǸҲ㣿
Զ֮Сʯͷף걦Ｋѵã֮ʱŶõʿԼˣǧꡣô౦û񵽹ǧǰܱԭҲԲƷϡ
ҿ˿飬⽣û
浣Уȥ󣬵һҡһص㣬͵ö
ξһʦ㣬һˡ
λе㶿ǿԶ֮µСʯӶ۾Ҳһһ¡
浶ָоҪԶ֮СʯӶⶪȥǰʦܾܷܿɳȥԣ̶Сʦ
˾ʦ㵱Ȼֻ룡
Ҳ͵ʯͷΪ˶ĽʯӶ׳ȥʱͳȥһɹأ
ļٵضźӣ㵹Ƕ
Ŀ̫ȣԷͻȻתͷңԶ֮
浣
Զ֮ܽÿʮ꽣ȽӵķɽƷϵĽҳġ
̱ȭµһˣӲ¶棬ҡ
Զֱ֮ӴǹЦȻżֻô֪ǲģңȥ˺ܻܿαӦģһؼ䣬Ͼ֪巢ЩʲôֻǸо˾ѣӴ࣬Ǿȫڵ
浣һϧ򲻹Ҵ˺ܿǵãҲǵá
ʱβŻع¶ϲַ˦β͵ĳ嶯ܼǵãܼǵöԶ֮ȥ㻹ܼǵãԼδȥ˾ͲЩˡ
Զ֮šڣ㲻һˡ
εͷȥ˲ܽ飬ֻҪ֪ϻһ˼ǵá֪Щ£ѾоĪİοǹһˡƬ£֪࣬һ취ȥԽһС
ԭĸֵ
˷ܵԭرϴ򼸸뵽߻нйԼʦ浣ŬѹסԣǶס˴ʦļӣͷϴñȻϵıɱסˡ
Ͽ϶Ц˻Ϊôѹѹ
һֺ̣֪ܼסĻ˵鸮ЩԶ֮ҲܼǵŶ
ܵԶ֮Աߣѹ˵鸮޵¶ܸ߱ˡ
Զ֮üŶ
Σӣʦѵҵģ˵Щܵѵҵûʲôʱ㣬ʱûִ磬̻ҡ
һԵˣЩҲ۵
Զ֮Ϊ
Σ԰޾ƤҪ壬϶Ҫҫ˭˭ĽǸ֣˭޵ʱ˭˼ŵ
ͻȻ;ûʲôˣϾǰѪ
˭֪
μ̾ҵѪЩصأ岻ħϽڸ̫̾٣ѪﶼŴУҪǶӣ
浣˾պΧƲתҸʶԶ֮
Զ֮ޱض
浵ʱҿЦˡ
ΣҪǿ׳ģεģû飬¶ûҴڽӴ
ͷҪҳȥ󻹼ǵҪɫǿ׳ʦ֣ǽڵ嶼ʵסգ˵֡
ΣȰţαȻҵ
Զ֮üͷֱ壬գһЦǣ
Ǳߣ¾첢ûֱӽ˦ؾ˿̴ɣǶȥˣ¾ûô
ʵ̫˵ʲôЩǰδȻҲ޷С
ϥ£ȴʧ
û뵽ǣǸñߴߴ˵ͣСͻȻͣ£תͷһۺСܹǰ£Ҫѽ
Ȧ𣬰˸Źֵơ
¾룺Īǣ½ͱʽ
ͼת֣Զ֮ŪѽҲᡣ
ûľ롢СĶ̫˳
Զ֮üбһ˵֮֡ԼȾˣ˺ʲô
¾㶣ʣƣ
һصǰҾһпտգȴڵʮ㡣
¾춨ؿ֣ã΢΢һЦã
ҲװȥǱƣû뵽ǣָʱĶһѣɫľˮ΢΢ҡΣɢŨҵľ㡣
¾žһл͡
Ҳ˸ٱƣһ·ߺã
Զ֮û˵ֻңңͷ
ͣ޺¾챾ѣ̧ջһоپԶ֮ǰ
ţ¾α䵭ʧ뿪ֻһգתվʱЩײһ
ˣ
ڻ걮ǰԶ뿪ʱ򸽽ûʲôˣʱѾˣƹ֣ɽ˺
˿˿ˣ̫ˣθоײ˺һͷͿ˰˷ܵؿһֱ뿪λãȳˡ
ʼղʦͷԵ뿪ǰλãⲻһͿˡ
˶ٽ˰ûͷ걮ֻȻôʱ䣬ôҲиٽ
˰Сܶ˶˹θŻذʱ㣬ֱӵģʦһһ£˫ֺʮ˶ˣаУ
˰Ӧ˵ߡôˣò״һճģ϶ʶ
˵ţѹͷſ˰Ϊôһͽ˵סˡ
λñڳǵ·ϣۿʦÿţŸ˵ת걮ǡÿ걮ϳһ֣ƣ˿˿ٰʮ߽㽣
˰Щ°ͣơơˡ
౻һֲʦˣ
ô죬ںŽʦø׿ô£ͷèץƵģúܰ


104 
ֱӸϻذ塣
ȻԶ֮ ʱУʱϲã˭Ҳ֪ʱ᲻˵߾ߣ ۻû
صң ξͿԺԶԵúܼ Ͷ̥
ת뵽ոյĽ࣬ʣҲȥˣ
̧ͷ˲䣬 Сıҭס æһƣ ˺üؿڲŻǰˡҲȥˣڲų˼
һʣһͳٵƣٵҸˡ
δǰǰºҲԹ˵һƣ ժñһƵŵħ嵽ô£ʱæ𣿡
صĶϢ滹ءĿǰֵľһЩͽŮħƻ ŴеһЩ ʱвǺܴ󣬾ǰʱȡʡС۶ѹڲյĺ ϢҲ֪ˡ
һ£ ʵǿ ֮ʣǿ϶æýŲմصġƱһ£һ
һŵҽһ񣬽ӵĽ̫࣬еŲס
˵òأҡ˸ãһֲʦܽӼܣȥΣѶͻȻˣС£Ǹйء
¹׬Ǯһֱˡע봫ѶͷĻ󣬰˴ľ
ƹǰ˿˿ѽˣĵãȥ仰ǿ¼˶ڴأ
ƶˣתͷȥ˿˿Ѿݣ˵Ҿţһ磬׼¼ãĦȭƣҪܽȺ޶һƤ
ͬһʱ̣ڵ߳֡
ճ֣ͷֺüʦ·ڡ
߹ȥǻǲ·нǰһ·
ʦãٶལģ
̧ʻӣ֮ǰڴȵһķʱûʸ
֪ΪΣ浵Ŀӷϻ£šȡ
ԱߵĽ޹ЦʦãʲôѲ㿴ˡû˵꣬ͼ浵ĿɨԸϣĪЩ죬ʦãڿʲô
ѿڶλʦֺܽʵʦֹգ
½½½½
ðͷ֣Ҫ󡣡һ̣Լ뷨ˣʲôҪôһЩֵֹ뷨
ɫãʦãֽ̽ġ
ϸ䣬Ȼ벻ҵôͨģ
ֻܵҲǵˡƳ֮󣬼ҲģԲ̫ԼĻش浽ǰҪֱֽ̣ӱȽҲ뿴еѧʲô
һ˿ԼñƣͷӦ¡
½Աߺۣ㵽ֹ㵽ֹ
ԭǷĶ֣û뵽ǳܸò£Щʱ䳹׽ЩΪõĻԼ԰ŷ
Ȼ浲û̫ϲãֲڽﵽ׾ʲô
Ϊһ벻ء
Ŵţһ˷һͷڷ׼ʱͻȻս˵ˣ
Ǻ⽣Уֻͣʣʲôˣ
Ťͷ½ҽһǧصʦʶ
ֻǵһǧصʦ㣬ԼҪʦܵˡ
½
ǸӣĽ˶ʵŸߴࡣȴʹüۣһίصʦãһٽء
һ˦ӣŤͷߡ˵Ͳ˵Щʲô߰Ķƫƫ½ɵһֱ
һ·һֿͬѷĴѶ˿˿ƹĵȵȵã
ͷƳһۣ㲻˵бԸ

صεȼٵơ
žƾΪΣҧѸٵؽ˵ҪĻۡ
ƬֺûŷСأۣѪһһĨϡ
ҿⷽһһģѪòֹ࣬ѪҲܿ죬ĻٵϨѪֹס
ȵѪֹסƬѪȫպֱ죬һڽƬСءһУβűΣŲڴߣһҲܶ
ÿһĻλöһһƬͲڲ£䲻ȥȴҲܵӰ죬磬ȫƬûǰôӲױ˿ڣಫʱ쳣ס
ûл۵ĵطСɱ
ۡ
ʹѳΪϰߣ»۵ʹ࣬һ˵ѣС˿ڴ·Ͽɣȥ˿ĵطһֻס󣬲ǿ
κ罬·ʪϣ˺Ƹմˮ̳һʹ֮ʣ֨ѽһƿ紵ڣ㵹һ¹⡣
»°
˾պ˵۵˻һת΢ƫһ£΢Ц
˾պû˵
ߵߣһؿһΣôģȣ㶼Ůˡ
ûͷģҲͷתȥʹԴ顣
ڵ˾պӦþǻصԭеӣĳ˶ռƲ⣬ǷйŰˣϧˣ˭Ҳ򲻹ҲֻˣˣƤӷżݻԭô϶Ҫⶾƫƫ˾պʱ״ӣԼĿɽܴ󣬾⼸쵽£Ҳû鷳˵׼ֿ
һûʹֻܻˡ
ҲȱαĨȥ䣬һҪá٣ǵ͸°û̫
Ʋ£Ů˶ۣܶ࿴һ۶ࡣ
ͷʱͻȻһ˿⡣
̧ͷ˿ں˻һ
˾պҶ
ָָ̹⡣Ϊ˵̫أʩչЩָ΢úʱᱻɢ
ĺ΢۾ᡪȻƲռݣǻָһ˿⡣
˾պüͷĺɾ룬ְͷá
˾պĿϣָ䵽ʱѸջأҲϲŮмӴ
αĵģһָͷ
۵汻˾պһָţ̫ԩˡ
ڣαûעߣϣСصҲŬԾȣѹ϶СһЩ
Уܺ˼룬ִαõЩ̽Ŀ˾պϣƺʹ˲١
˾պôԼŪӣ˭˵㣿
ڵ࣬ҵ˴ȻЩͷ
ᵽ࣬˾պ꣬½ȥˣȴһڣ
ֱ߳ţԺ￳ɱɱй
ȵİСĸˡ
͡
ܲһħˡ


105 
û˯ Сڴϣ׼ţ̫̲ס˯ ǣ˿ڣ۵
ҹ иOO@@ǹβͲݴӴ˽ Ժ˸ȫ֧סͷ
ôˣ
βͲǰң ֲһĺܶ ֮ͻ˯һʱ䣬 βͲݰ͹ͻˣܽѡ
Σģûµġ
һ̣ʶϸϸҲŲ㣬ҵĵҵҡ
СβҲˣԪӤڵֲ˼򵥽ͨû뵽ĹβͲݻûͻԪӤ˵ˣ ӣеС
ΣڰƿҷСˣ Ҫ𣿡Ҫ죬 Ŵƿǣ˿ڻʹ
βͲֹһƬҶסε죬 ˡ
Σǵ
βͲƬҶӽһ ĬúðҲ˾պ
˭Ҳ򲻹
Ҹոո˵ˣ һ
ֻҪȥƲͻᱻҶ֡ȡ۷ݡ˷ۣƲֲøһ׽ŪĻǶˡ
εû뵽Լ⹷βͲݾ˲ľ֮󣬾ȻܳΪֲų裬ˮ˵
ȻһβͲݣ
Ů
ݣ
ΣԼȡ𣿡
βͲݣͽСβѽǶôҡ
õģСβ͡СβԱ˵ʱ䵹ǹúܿ죬ȵʱβϵ˿ھѾ׳ãСβҲȥ˯ˡ
˿ȫãƤ⻬𪣬ٴϿκ⡣ʩˮžգǲˣɫ׵úܣ촽Ҳеڣûǰôˮˡ
ۺ󻹵죬ϵģԪ񶼺һʶʩչ
ھǰתһȦ
ӣɫ̫ˣȥ˰룬Žɫյ¡
ôһӲӵŻͦˣɫܲúܣ
С˿ţͿʱߵ˿ϣڵ£ŰλѾˣε˾պҲӰ
ԺĸˣȫһԲίʵЩԾ
ͷһ£ѵ˵ʱˣ
ҹۡ
һµĹŵתͷĿһתͷ˵˿˿úȰȰʱ
ξ֪Ĳ²档
װʲô֪Сܹȥ˵ˣȰʲôº󻹿ĵ˵˽࣬˯һҹ顣
Ҹ峤˰ɡ˵вյڣյɫʱЧֶΪߣȻܿھ񲻼ãζԼ⸱ҺɣҶأȻûл
ʱ
û˵꣬ͷϵʱͻȻһԾ£ƮƮغ󵭵Լ˵
ʱԴϣ£ûҶ
ҪһԺţڼңҪһ£˵ˮĻΪֽˣѾǳˣܸ
ˮ֪ĵһҳŲס
ʱûصǾӣģҪǳӣ̫࣬ǵģҲ֪ĵģӣһ˵ʮĻ˵䡣
㻹Сõʱ򣬱ԼӡʱŤͷˮ֪ĵʱ򻹿ۣתͷֳЦеģúվùߣ˭Ҳ˵䲻ǡ
̲סˣʲôгԶţǽȥħħʮ
˿˿ȰȰ
λû˵ʱ˵ȰңѾ΢۾ûô໰ŴζײңĪΪаŴεСͷҫһԪӤڣһֻ־㣡
ͨ죬Ҫٿţе㲦֮Ҳ㣡
ʱ㶣ЦһָΣȥ
˹˶ħԣ֪˿˿ǰˣٿ˿˿ʱ
ûᣬʵʱӡһֱ˵ĵôðĳݣܸܲʵƭģ˿˿İɡ
ǵǡ
ʱҡҡͷûпǡû˱ȥԼҪȥģҲΪ֤ûзһ£ܵŪǲĳħĳˣҵħħעɽ¹ص󷨣۹ضµħ֪һʼСħڹƻ㹻ĺħǱߵͬҲ𽥱ǿʱԿˡ
ҵҲ֧ҵġ˵ﻹɱڵص˹һۣҵܣ㻹ܣ

ʱϲ˿ɹ̫
ϣԺÿһԾɿУæʱܰԼԺɹ⣬һħ֣ɽ½ȾѪδδٰ
̧֣а׵ָ۽ǵˮޣ
ʱЦŵžһǿվʱҲǶĽǿߣԣȰң֪𣿡
ͷҲȰȡ۵ʱ㣬ҵĻۣţܻƽ
ʱһˣ˾պߵʱһƬҲһƬ⻤ۻǶࡣʹҲл𣬽˿˿صʲôôܣڴϵۣ
ʱƬָţһɵʣûɣ
һûϴҲûУ
ͻȻ֣קסʱӣʱ㣬۶˵رҪһҪҪģܶ໰޷˵ҲԼȥ룬˵еⶼƬƬ
ʱε˼ͷҲصãһ㡣
ʣʲôʱ
ʱһͷȻԽԽãҲܲǲǣΪҪϢܾأˣһֲʦôƵĽࣿ
ΣҼеģˡ
˵ܽڵҲ˵벻¼һѾųȥˡʱţʱ˵䣬ǮܻҪ׬ġŤͷˮ֪ģ뼸仰¼С
ֱʱӣŻڣҹժƬҶţɷҲˣܹûеĺá
ˮ֪Ҳһ֦÷ʱķϡ
ΨйֿտգֻȰȥ׼οһƶϴڴһ鶼
̽ŵҪСͷȥħ
ȻеôȻǸܵŮǵ
գһ۵صҸһϵĽ
ʱֻһΣʵϣѾ˿˿Ŀɽ˿ȫƸáʺĽֻж˵ر壬û㻻
ʱðб˲ռڹ˵
ʱһϸڣǻŵʱ͸¶ġҶۻʱٵУˮ֪ġ
ʱһˮֽ֪иͽܰΪ£Ҷ۶һЩøС
ǣʱֶһЩʱ㣬Ҳװ׵ģ
ȻͰһԹϱ
ʱϹ˵ʲôأһʱ䣬̸Ҳϣر룡

챦¥
Զ֮ԼֲܣҶƬһĴõ
õһ̵ֻ̺Ӳǹ涼һƣԶ֮̾һüһǵǧõϽĹӰɣԪӤʿС
վסԶ֮סԼֲȥ
𰸺Զ֮ס
ֲжͷһۣغϢ
ӻ֣˵ȥɡ
ǵֲʦ뵽Լֲ͵͵ȥȻΪˡ
˾պ
ȵȣԶ֮סŴõȥҶβͲ˵𣿡
ãԺҸ˿˿ڲ棬Ҳܷĵ¼ڣϵʽ⣬ֲϢΪȫɿˡ
ҶӸ˵ֱ졣
˵ģû


106 
˾պܵù
ÿֻҪȥ壬 ͻᱻֲָڡ
޳Ԫ˻ԵشǸ궤ʱ̷ȫγ֮ǡ
˫صƵжܻ ܶ෨˳˳ʩչڶֲ͵Ϯ ˾պӦ
һʼʱ͵ϮֲΪߣ ͹ǾˣƤӲ Щֲ䵽ϸƵ첻ʲô˺
ֲ˻һܳǸ ˾պ;ЩŮ޹ַע
ЩŮˡ
ֱ棬 ԽԽҲУ˾պԼʶԼƺֲˣ
ĪϴֲζֲԵĴˣ˾պ޲һƽɽֲκΣڿ޸֮ݣ 㡣
ٺ͵ϮֲԽԽǿ͹Ǿû㹻֧¶ˡ
˾պʱ ͷϱԶʱʱҪ۷ݡ׷ ţŵ»ͻȻðõģֱù˼㡣ԼıȥķҪ˵  ϻǸЦأ ֲܽͻȻðһƾͰֱȷˡ
˾պɽˤɽţҿһƬɫĴҶţŲϼˡ
ȻͱҶϵĴõ˴⬡˾պȫ£ΨһĵطҲˡ
ЩֲҲ֣˻ɡ
ӶõѪˡ
һǻŭ޴й뿳ݲݣκδ򲻹ԽԽ鲻Խ廨룬岼С
һ仨˾պ΢΢һһ̣۶廨룬ֱӷн̵

Ҷ纱ıֲŽԼȡֽа˽ǡ
˽ÿ˾պȥСβֲƵģҲɵĴõã㿴ģ
Ǹɲɶãﶼˣң㶯ֵģ
СβͣԱ˾պֳѽҪ֣Ҳῴġ
ʱߵ˴ߡ
춼ڼֲͨҲԶ֮ϵˣı̤ʵࡣ
Ϊ˻ۣúܣһزܳԷѪ״̬¾ͷŵѪ붼룬ֱӱһ
Զ֮˺ܶಹѪĶʱ仹һ
վڴ⿴
˾պڴ£ŸľϢڳģһģȴΪ廨Եá
ɵ
ţҪȥζûסЦû뵽ħ
ɷڡôǲء
Цµ˾պǻˣħ˼Ī⣬¸ͱƵģವһվ৵˦һ룬𣺡Цң
Щ붼ų̂ܿ·ʧ׷׵ڵأϵĲݾҵϡ
ֲ
һ۵޵ֲֲݴһһ˾պֻܵȫµԡ
̫ϳϵľ
Ϊʲôڵ̫ϳ϶к
˾պԽԽ࣬ȴʼûǰ۳ɽ
Լ󣬽Ž̽ûЦ㣬۾ͿԺܿġ
˾պһת£һģ
ʱ̨ϰ˽ҶͻȻ˼֣ҶƬϿֵĸо˳˯顣
ֻдֵԶ֮
˾պڲ㣬𣿡
εǲдֻأԽ˵ĻСβͣСβת˽ǣȻԶ֪֮ˡ
⣬СβżᴫԣԶ֮ǱߵĻдģǰ˽ǸСβͣСβֱת
Σʲô޴ԪشɽƲ£ʱֶԼʩչ궤귴ɡ
һֱڳԿȴҲһֱ֪ԼܳŲסˣУô
ųȥ˾պͣ£˵ͷϻвԶûժɾҰȡ
˾պţû
ȵһֻᴥͷʱ΢΢ƫͷһͷûŤ
εͷϷ𶯡
˾պң
ֻͷĦ£û㣬ͷͷܽأͷʱܵһѶԲԣ㻹ǸɸɾģĲ¡
˾պ⻰ôЩζƺҲ˵ͨûֻ䴩ժЩͷĲԶӡ
ԼʱŪúۣһϺüͷͷϵֶᣬûôժ˿ĲԶ
Щͷۣжȥһ
޳ָڷ䣬Ī˼֣ǵժժ˾͸Ͻ
Ͻʲô
˵Ͻס˸˵
Ͻȥû챻۸㲻Ż𣬸ϽгҪȥֲյ
Σ㻹Ǹʶʱħ֪Լ򲻹ʹˡ
ժˡҲ˰˵һءɫǺܲƤ׵͸ϸϸɫѪܶΪۣͬĴһ㡣˵ʱ򻹿ôһȣ΢΢Ǻ죬һֲĺ죬ﻹӯӯˮ⣬Ѫɫһģ
˾պ鷳꣬ʱЩײԱᵹûסַһѣվȺֿɿ֣մණһٵ˦˼֡
ֻǿǰƷ綼ܴˣͫһ۾Ʊһ㣬ɿƿߡ
˾պѿڶվǰۣ
κ۾СҸȥĶ
⻰˾պֲԾؿˮ˽ëʱ˾պ鼫ȷ꣬Ȼһ䣬㲻ߡ
˵꣬س˰塣
ûȥҲʲô£һ·ҪֲǵĶ
ݣĨˮ˵۾ụ̂Ҿ̫ˣġ˵ĶԼϡ
˵ڻңˮ˿̾ˣҸоһ̶ܶ
ڱװոջᣬǲɡ
ֻ˵ҲǸС˵ĻĲ²⣬Ȼûƭ֮ģΪαĸԤ²һ붼ԡ
Զ֮˵Ѫס
˽ǵҶƬðú塣֮ҶƬϾҲûµֳ֣˽˵Զ֮Ѿ˯ˡ
ҲشϢ
ڴʱһ۴ϵĿ̺ۡ
죬ʱ뿪ĵ졣
ʱѾħ˰ɣǱߵ󷨻ȫûҵħϣһ˳


107 
ʱ뿪ĵ졣
Զ֧֮£ 󷨳޸һֲ߽ɵ޵ӣʦ̫ϳϵľԶ֮Ž ǻһΪֲ˵⻨һζ侪ˣ ڸסһϢ
Ϣ
ȱ̫ˣǰýҩĻ µĶᱻѬΡ
ϵģţ Ѭ֮ǰܹܵĳΧ
ȻϢ Ϣ˼Ǳͨʶ޷쳣ϳѣ ԼƤܡ
֮ڵİָ˾ԵİȫξǱԱɵûκιǡ
ʱ嶼ƱֲԶԶȥһɫĴ롣
αһɳСڱɵ˼Ȧѹ˴ƬԱɡŹţ Ҷһ˳ͣ£ͷǰ죬 રવؽ˵ϱѹıɲݡ
廹Щۣ ԱɵζûôˣЩѳԵĲƷѪʳԱһȥ ҲͲжµĳ嶯
⿹ѪʳԻָ ֻܳģ ܶѳԣҲסŬȥ
춼Ļţ£ܻһѪѪ
ʱȣݲ͵쿴˽ǵҶ϶ѪӦԶ֮ȥġ
ôţһѪܵ⣬ʽӣҶ
תͷͿ֡
ǻϽǻǻ᲻ٳ
ŵһԼжһһ䣬ҵѵһ죬嶼ƸŶһڰ𨾪ʧ𣺡ˣ
æأûأڴ
ţصǻ˵ǾͲ֮ۡǰǸۣ½ǻӲ۵ѽǶˣֻѪѺ³㿴ǺΪûѪѣܾѪҿܻɺ
͸ѰѪһԭǻ˵ë󣬾Ѻͺڵ׵ϽѰëͻдˡ
Ƕˣᱻ忴ѽұǰˣǶȽСǻиǡ϶겻ǿѪ己ܴƣҲܶ£Сˡ
ǰųҪҺöö£֪ΪΣͷֵĴ˺ܶ࣬ò̫ãѪռϷ˰ɡ
û˵꣬Ҷ֡
⼸գȥ׷ɱλûɹһɱ־ɼͻȻһЩ߻ħһڶֵʱڳߵ̫ϳϣ֮ɺϡ
һ£ԭԶ֮⼸컹ȥ֤ˣҲԣô£ܲ˭˵ȫš
ֱ׷ɱ֮ӣǹ򵥴ֱҪôɱͺˡڵĽ棬ӦñСظߣǱαڵصͣʶԺƴȫԱ֮׹䶼δѣ˵޷αģΨУԸαϽڵĶܲԼ
֮ҶۣαıӻΣܷ׻
ŽҶܴһӳֺܶ֡
ˣΪʱԲԣʱǰıԴѪӶ˵Լѡ·˿˿Ϊʱ㵢̫ʱ䡣ԭֱӳԷѪڣҪһʱ塣
ߵһҿǲֵõģܿܺ壬ȲʱȴҶԿαĽŲ
һ죬ͻһķաҵʱ䣬Ҳˡ
֪ǲǸճ̫ԵʣξԼеܣµûš
Զ֮˵ĺû
ؿʱȥԼΪȫ֣ʲôȥ
룬Ϊֲʱ㣬´ΣǲҲԲ˾պԶ֮ܵ󡭡
ʣЩʲô
촽˶ջûܷߵһжԶ֮ģεҴˡһ˵һߴڴڵؽ⣬Ϊ̫Ứݺݵر˻ȥ
˵òٿѽ
˾պпܻǣи׼ⶼûб仯˵ȷֻʣǸҾֻܵ㣬ʯÿ춼ģһҪ˶ã᳹ѣʱҿҲһС
ⶼһ˾պҪҵĽʲô
ϵֵŲ¡
Զ֮ԽǡѪֿԴʹֲ죬ԶԣļֵȻߡֲеֲʦĽ͹βͲݣĹβͲܱ첢ľ飬ҲԵʡ
εĹβͲҲһƬҶӵģʱӵ߰㱾ΪʧܣСһ޽ӵ͸βͲݺܺõںһ𣬻СβΪϴһأ츳ٶܸһϵ
ԣֲʦҲѰˣ
ûҲУ
ڵʿ֪һͷԣƲ£Ҳ֪
˾պΪƲȡĽ
صȴʱСβͻȻԶ֮ˣὫͼֵһʱֵáʵʯûǰˣѪҲǹմȥģ˿˿ھΡ
һǣŶ˽Ǳؽˡ
СβͣҪû˴һҵʱҿԸһᡭ˵꣬Լ̾˿ľܽءˮҲܺѽ
ΣǸԡ

磬ξ͵õ˴𰸡
ˡ
ϳŵ˾պǷӣʱͷ˸ѣմ˲м
·˺üӣӻ˶¶ĸ첲ϲ֪ʲôֲ޶˺ܶ񣬿ҵúܡ
˾պվǰҪǣҲ
ԣҪҵĽ𣿡ᣬͷ
ȥˣȡǲۡ˾պҲûá
Цһ£ûޡ
λΪΣĴС˾պֱϡ
˾պȥ٣ûܿСĸ첲һ·Σϡ
ûסֱӿ硪̫ˡ
˾պҧ֣ؽҼ϶룺һģҵӦûʹɣ
ٳĹĵСƤ˾պһ䣺쵽׳˶٣ﻹðͷ⼸׬ʯǲǶԣ
仯ôǮĶģССȻ˵ʯˣһͷ۾ˡ
Զ֮ǲָʯˣȥҼϹ˾պץסβֱͣ˦
Ȼû
˻˻Ϥ΢΢һСͷСĲʶָ֣ȥֻǡ
ƸǧٴΣϤϵÿһ·
˾պңңһ᲻
˾պ̵ⷢͬʱıޱȱ꣬ҵ
ɷصô㣿Ҫǰһ˿һͶ˵ļӥצ
Ҳ
˾պʱ˳˲٣ˣǣ⻹ࡣ
ǣһѹ
ֲۣǰǶǡ
νβͼԼֻɽǣǾ͸ֻɡ
˾պȥֻǡ
˵ֻĽǣԺҾͲֺɿһЩ˾պĿڴػһʹҧгݵ˵˵ǾͲǣ㡭
ȻͷۺܿռϷ磬˿ͷʹѣ˵Ļ
ֻͷʱѣ䵽ġ
˽ǵС˵һ׹أΪκͷɢɫҰ׵ڵϡɫĳȹԵӵĲ԰
Ц۾ȴˮգɲǣˮһй¡
˾պüͷô٣ķ䡣
۾ɺɫȴüȶ·ʱͬʱͷϵ쾹Ҳ
Сĵ̽˾պʶһΣֻŤҵĺ޷Уǲϱܵأ·һУһһ㡣
˾պԭôʹ
Զֻһʱյİ˽ðҶһңֱӽ˾պס
˾պΣͷϵȻɢȥ
æ˾պιһ¶Աߵȼ㣬Ȼһë׹βͲݵͷϡ
˽ҶƬϳ֡
۽ȷʵЧʶЩٴξѣҲû˳Լֻʣ·Ѫһ·ˣõȼ£챦¥ϣԶ֮üͷǱߴϢԪһηһ
Ȼ֪ȥ䶼ã·ɳȥøʥһ³
£һ¾Ϳԣ
˽ǴĻԶ֮Сƴӡ
Ҳ뾡
ÿȻʱȷʵˡ


108 è
ʱ뿪ĵʮ졣
λڱɲԶ ΣûбΪԵ̫࣬ ˶һȦһ⡣
ȷָ˺ܶ࣬ һ¾ˡ
Ավ߼Ȧ ճԺӣΧиOO@@ Сβʹ ʶ˵ˡ
ʱ硣
ʱĵҲһʱû ͷ׷·ߵòȣӷзʱЩˤӡ
ſڵֲѸ֦ȷסзһ仨ڣɽϵֲһһ飡
ܵſȥ ЩŵʣʱôˣʱϢ𣿡
սʱӭţ ӣʦˮޱػ˰壬 ͻͻѲɣвõϢˣ
ӣû뵽ʱҲ ɽź΢΢һ㶣 һҲڡ
ˮ֪Σ ˿˿ȥ
ʱɣǾ
ʱͳһܸĺڲţ֪·ŵʲô
ȻոǾ仰˲õ룬䣬ֽ΢ǣǣǡѲʱλʲôûܸı
ʱע⵽쳣ǸЦһ£ŵˣǻƣĻơὫڲҿ¶һյ΢ĵơ
ʱСŻƽʱסԺӡ
Ժﵽ˿룬ߵʱƽʱ˿ϡѻƷŵϣַ£űŻµϡ
ڷ˺üţ˾պƽʱ廨ġ
ݵȻƽƷȥебͷĵͺƶƫˣ»ƫбҪ紵һ㡣
ʱһתƣҪŵƽȡ
ڵ״̬ԣƽʱǸܸɡ˳ᢵˣʱ˿ֻ̣ǸΪŮΣû겻ĸס
ˮ֪ĶŷȺ˵壬ϰɡ
ʱŻع˵ãһ£̧ۿ˿ܣɽûɣ
ӣû磬ֲסˣһ˿綼
ûз磬ȻҶܿϵյƵĻԽԽƻ綹·ڿսʱϨ
ʱ˫ֻŵƻû¶û¶ϨġŻţͻȻɿ֣ԱߵΣ˿˿Ůкӻġ
ˮ֪ģ֪
ʱͳһСһֱ֪ϵ󷨣Һ֪ˡʱϰĶʱʱ˵
ΪһֻһжԼǷֵá
Ȼֵã׵ģһеС
ѪûôѣԲŻǰûûССߣ϶̷㣬С¡
ŶС߾Сֻ˺ܶԲܣֻ󷨵è
૵ǰ
ΣʥΨһĺӣѪܶ岻ϳ㣬ССһֱ塣˵ʥһͷһأʱкεԼС£ʱĻƣòã
ʱԱ£ֻ֣£˻渽
Ҳ֪ǲɺϣַȥʱ򣬻ĻһЩʱ¶ЦݣҾ˵Ч
ʱˮ֪ĵĴѶͷɫ˲ɷס
ʱ͵ļֱͦţʣϢˣȥЩˣѾϨյƣ񣬾ʣܽλӽɣŵֵʦǼҾ˰ɡ
ӽǶɽڣʿͷΪߵġ
ˮ֪΢ӽɵĻƣոҲϨˡһλĽɣʱ𡢸ͷյգ޴ɲءΪԽԽѷΪԽԽĲƽȴڸѹ޷ǰǰͶƣĽջصŵһλؽͨϡ
һΣվ˳˷¶Ľ
ҪȥѲϼһﲻȥЩȥ
زҾͲûսףҲùɳֻǴȥϵĻҡ
Ǹ˵Цڶߣ񿴵óԼĽ԰ڣ㿴ڵĽ𣿡
ˮ֪۽ʪ󣬡볤ӽЩ飬ǰ˽¸˵һỤȫҲȻǰ桭
ʱšüͷص˵ʲôģ䣬ͼϵС綸Ȼһҫۡ
¶ϲɫȻһ̧ͷͿ˴ŷӦȼѪȼ꣬عⷵգ

ħһƬڡ
ʶԽԽʱ޷Ǳںڰħֻ֪Լ϶˺ܶ˿ڣѪҪˡ
ǲɱ
ħϲʲôأϲ˷ŭʹࡢ־塢¡˵ıڵ̶ŷЩͷǿ֡
ǸոǸƵŶȻ㶼ӽǸڹҪеĺ⣬Ȼʱ뵽ȴǸںסħˣΪ赲ħ壬ȼڵÿһѪĽ֮ʱյգڵħյһƬͨ졣
йЩħ
ħɱ
ɱ࣬ѪҺȼգǳ䣬սⲻȻоʱӳĽȴԽԽҲ̧֣ҲӲĵڵϣҲ֧塣
λһԽ֧ţϵ¡ħͼȥռʱըɷĩӿȥЩħ峹ɱ
Ȼˡ
ʱص£ĿڵƬõ·䡣
ѵȥץסƬۣħʲôǱģȻָƬۣȴָЩů⡣
ʱƯ۾･ʧȥε룺˿˿û취Ƭˡ
ֻ£ϵѪƬۡ
ˣϢ

壬ؿŻڱŷҫ۵ĹâϨ
ʱʧǵƣײײߡ
ˮ֪ģȥĶ
ʱ磺ȥӹأŮȥСߵķأںӹرϡ
ˮָ̧֪֣һ̹⣬ͼĴ־ʱʱ˯ȥȻⲢδ䵽ϣʱŤͷһۣȻΪ䣬ǰҲĳϡ
ǲùҡ
Σȵȣ㿴ʱĵƣ
ʱͷС
ϨĻٴȻ΢ȴ˹⡣
ӯèѪĻо
ʱһΣѾ˾飬˺ҲԼ
ڣаһԻŻѽ


109 ؼ
ʱǱʲôѵġ
ۣ ͿСͷһһãԴ
ʱˡǽӽôôֳˣ
Сͷķ Ҳûʱûʶ ͷ֡
ΧħѾɢˣ ֻԶֻƮסҶ
Щħħʱܿʵ壬 һͻɽӹأ ܶ඼ӰΣ ԣɽ¹ضסһ롣ãβɼħڵħܹ֤ʵħȷµħ֣Ҳ㹻ħ֧Ÿֵת
ֻǡ
Ǹ͵Ϯֵʦʵħȥ
ЩҲûãܻȥ Ҫι
Ҫ˾պԲԣ
һ̣ʱʶһҪ⣺ôûѪȼˣʶҲһ˿ʣ Χħɢ֤һ ȺħɲŹˣֻ͸ˣǲŻɢ
ǲϲˣ ֻʻ
Ϊֻлˣ в޾Ķ
û ƺҲЩ֮ħ䳱ʪ裬϶޷赲ʪ䣬Ȼڻůģ˸Сů¯ע⵽кܶëʱź֪ķӦѪˣ
䵽ϣĿƬİѪҺһʱʱ·оԼڵѪҺȻ
ѪҺײѪܱڣ羪İһƺƴѪҺʣǹӽһޱȹѤõ磬һ޺ڶըҲźͨͨͨ
ѪҺͷһֻ̬ŵİè
Ӹߴ££ȴûʩչκͷ£ƮƮأС鲽ʧԺ֮С
ҵѪ츳ǲ¸ߣ
ʱӳħƺá
ΪʲôͻȻأУʱסԼţǿԼ侲
ô죬˵Χħﶼģ
ħûģһڲдʩչϸԼϢȵȣᾪħˣʱ򶼴ƵĻ屦ףЩħеڹǡֻڹǸɽӹһ޷µħ뿪󲻾úǾиԪͬУһֻħ˿ӣߵͬʹɱ֡
ƷȻҲ޷پȻ
λͬ飬ջͨԪԱ֮ʶħͬھѪȾͨ졣֤ħĵ屦׷סɽӹأҲѷס
ǸչһˣôҵĶ쳣ء
һ˶ǿųӽɵĽֵСħϮǻ㹻ˣû߽ħ壬ҺܿСͷָͰڵ˴ħȻڷ󷨵;У˽٣ײħ
ӽɵֵס˺ѹѹǿħȺڳ塣
ɱˣնɱħʱ򻹲ڻͬ飬ڼʱ͵ϮƳȥʮԶϵĻ屦׸ֱӱ롣
͵ϮֵʦѾڣǸǾԵİȫ򣬾˵󷨵һϹԣħ޷˵ûбħʴԪ
ɱ
ɹˣˣȴΪѪѶ˹״̬¶ѪѳɹһΪƬۣԼϵѪ
ۣ
˿˿˵ǻۡ
ʱһЩĴУðʵѪͺƶһЩѶϢ
ͻȻףĻ۶ζʲô
˿˿ǿףҲصߡ˿˿һֲᣬôûܽ۴ȥ˿˿Ļ
Ժ˿˿·жߡ
ƴСƬֱߣôᣬʱһ˲䣬ܾƬǧأֶڲ
ƬʰɲǣǼһȼյĻů֫ٺ
ȥ۴ؼҡ
Сͷмúʱèӯǰڣ˲ɳԶȻ˲䣬һӰ˲佫֡
ǧһ֮ʣл۱ŷҫ۵İ׹⣬γһӣλм䡣
ۣҪƬмǿķ
˿˿˵ܻƽδ˵ٻ
ֻǸħ̫ǿÿһγײܽײƣջǰ壬ܳ
ǿħֳĶ˸ħʱоеĹԽԽȻ޷ֱӳȥǵصħΧضճ·֮ǰУÿһ쳣ѡ
۲飡
ʱͷ۾𽥱ͨ죬ȴѪҺٴηڡѪͷֻèȻת¶üβֱͣʱһֱӵʱȻʶѵѪﻹʲô
һ󵨵뷨
ñסۣ

ϣԭֻˮ֪ġӣʱ硢ԺΧյơ
ǰħĻսϢһһҲõϢ׷׻صɽϣһԵΧŵƣ̫ϳҲΪֲ˺ţԽȣţֲɽ⡣
ŻŵͣơϨϨϨˡ
ҶĿƵضŵƣ·ŵˣܽоٴεȼһ
Ҳ鲻ԽסĻ
һлٴεȼһεĻȻ֮ǰͺƣʱԪǿһϲ񣺡ģˣ
ˮ֪һ򶨣ˡ
۵һ£ٴϨһΣǰζø졣
ھʲô

ߴˣһֱ򶨵ˮ֪Ҳۣʱ̫ɫҰףѾᵹϣûбۣһֱǿ񣬶յơ
һƳϨ𣬿Ҫȥӹأ֮ҲᵱϨ
˴Ρ
ʣһ𣿡ʶԼĲӣܸоۻδѣʱ㣬һܻģһҪѽ
ħʱٴۡ˿ֻ̣ʣߡ
ǿҵȻζôãҲһ¶ӡħӰŤգʱģҪǴҽȥҶһһȥ翴ˡ
ߣҼһӺӹعȥԣɽظ
ʱһЦðѽôôãȻ˼άǿħ壬˺üΣ
ӰҡҡͷϧˣҲ㣬˭֪ƭȥԱԪЩ˵Ѫǳģŵó
ӰȻ񱩣ʱ
ʱڴ̳һ˲䣬֪ΪΣԺ˿˿Ļ
аװ׵ģѽ
ʱɿеС
ԭǽ˲Ʈɵ˿ߵơħߣתơҲһ˲䣬ʱٴóһֱ᲻õۣԼǰ
ɰڴһ٣
Ź⣬˽󷨡˲䣬ʱһеһһķ΢Ĺâáһֱûɳһ׹⣬նֻЩץǿħ
ԣ󷨵£һܵѣֻСè
ڵʱҲŲסޡ
κᣬаģӴԺʱΪ¸ǡ

ϣ̫ϳյϢվŵĵʦֻˡ˵ȷµħﵮħˡ
һǴӺӹص󷨳ȥģȥôˣֻһ
ˣѾŽӵɽɽҩһ̣̫ϳŭرմ󷨣˵˾Ͷˣʱûھӹţҿ˭ҹر󷨣
û˷ǵʯħ̳ܲģתͷˣŵƣȥǽˡ
ʱΡΡص̫ϳϣҹȥ
ֻʣһλᣬѲԸصƣֻվԱߣؼҡ
Ȳ͸һȥɡ
ˮ֪ģҲȥ
е˶ȥӹأҲȥҶ뿪˻ûãȥɷôصĵط
ĵơ
ֻ£ǵģڲԣ壬ܾѪڵѾһ˿һ˶ٷˡ
ϣƲϨ𣬻ԽȼԽ
εҲ룬һΣʱɹӳħ˰ɣĻôͺԪ񶼱øǿһ
ܿ죬Ͱ˰
óԶˡ
ʱ㣬Ѫʳ岻ͻ
Ҫʱ㣬ҪԾȣ˾պȺܶˣƬأȻܿĵԣһ߿Żƣһܿ죬ֳŵùԲ
ԱʱһӰ˰壬㼯һȸ֣ߴߴسһš
ʱ˵أʲô
̫ϳϵ
ʱˣ
̫ϳ϶ûܴסٶȵö찡
̧ͷͿһ׹Զ˲ǰ
ʱ㡣һϲҪڣͼѪʱͨһǰϥ£Ҳϥϡ
ʱʣС£һˡ
һƤʱôˣ
ʱ̧ͷŵ˿˿·ϣ˺ܶ࣬˿˿˻ۣض㲡
˵£ˡ
Ȼʱ˿̣ȴ޷˵ڡ
ʱת¡
ˡ
Ҳ뿪£˿˿ôһȦСˣʱ۾Բһ𾪣òǸ˾պǻ˰ɣ
Σ㹻˹


110 
ʱ ȱ˸ǣǲм
εʱԲһȦ Ż͹ȥСӣʹ ղȥ
Ϊκ
ȥʱʱ㣬 ˵
ʲôС²Сµģ֡
ֲ˼ġ
ĽŲ ڵϵʱѸ ̧ϵѪɾ һϻһ³һɫ˿
˿תϼ졣˿ԼɼʱӰͷһ·ٳʱһʢѩ ˪
ʱȻܺӣǰҪ··ˣ ڳô໨ ˵ͦÿġ
ΣѧһС
̫ӶܵЩڿ߳ʱ ϲصɽˣֶһĶɽڣ󷨶ûϾͶɽˣ ʡ˺öʯ
ʱͷ ɱڵصأħ򰵺ͬ壬أѴ̡ɽٸ岻ͬҪľѪѣԾèѪ˵ÿһһζɽ٣ٴȼաڵѪǣôεʱڻʱŷ֣ѾǶɽڵĽˣ
ĵһ¾Сģڶ£Ȼնɱ֣ڵһԲϾͰνɽˣó˹ҹ
̫ϳϵʱͻˣɽɽҩĿǰڻҩηħ
ʱ˸֣һֱӻһ׹⣬ǹɲǣֵ
۾ûɣʱˣ
ͼҴµʱߵʱǰ˵ģȥȥͻء
Ȼٴηߡ
ʱ㶣Ƭ̺Цˣһ𾪵˵èģҪôܴҪôܷ裬Сɵģ̫ˡ
ˣʱȫռ˰
ߣȥҩ壡ڸڵǿ߶ҩ£Ÿոնɽ٣һܴӮ
ΣҪȥûš
ǴҴҸϵҩʱʱѾѴſڵʯʨ飬ûһСͷɷڵصãǰɣҲޣҲУҲҽޣ
ֱŵҩʦ룬ɫ԰ףû£ΪҪϡ㣬±һΪΪĻˣȴħèѪܿѪΪ̧ͷлȼգѪɢʱʲô
ǺϻһλŮޣԵãòȻˡ
û޾ˣʱ
һǱӣôˣܰ˴Ưأû˾պӳ˹ִ˾У
ң飡
ˣôޣŵĶɽʿسһʱ˵һѪԵϵھʹӦʱҪ󣬡㣬ûմȾµѪһ֪
תͷϻڵʿ˭µĶ
ʱһ𲢼սմȾһѪΣȷԼûȾµѪȾϣ˵ʲô
һս
Σسӹ˵ݹķĵص˭֪ξѵأ
ľ߽ôҿС˵ҲأӶãʲôӢۺģ
ҲӢۣ
Żľˣ˭˵ĲģؼǣڴħڵУ
ڵŻǾ͵˵
ʱ룡ն
ۿٴ۽ڼɽͬʱʱոͻƶɽپ޷죬ٲס־ͱǲˣ
üͷţ㵹ǹܹܡ
һֱû㵽̧ͷ˵ǵͶ֮ģǱ֤ҿͬķΪõãòã
Ԫôٰޣվ̵صϴλʱ͵¶ʣ֤࣬Լ֮ʱ¶һЩ̻Σ
سᲢۣ
ʱͻȻԣ׵ģǰػģֵδãὫ͹ǱѶֽš
һΣȿȣޡ
ʱһ֤˭˵Ĳ滰ѣһҲѡ
޴ۣа취˭Ҳðӣ
쳤˫ۣ˼ҪֵŮǰһԪӤڣȴҪϣΪΨһĸ߽ޣԼһ˳̫ࡣ
лСͷ
ڳ˿٣Сʯͷ
۾ˡòӰʯɣ
˾պڷǼ꣬˲׬Ǯķӣƽʱʲôõӣ¼
ʱ˾պ޵Ӱʯȥ׬һʣħ֮Уܼ¼Ȼкܶ˹أԾͰӰʯСͷûʲôãŴΣССĳͷԳռ䣬ӰʯҲ˳ת
ｫֱʩˮӰʯͶӰڴϣǾһ𿴿ħﵽ׷ʲô
ӰʯͶӰˮʱֳǵӰɫ䣬Ĵͳһǧݹ
ϧδǧݹͱ֦ס
̫ϳӵô֪زסˣܣ
ʱһգգضˮ
ڷ·ϣͳһӵϣк˿ӿûãдħ˷ӿ˹
ʱ۾ѪŤͷ֣㽫ħȺȥģ
Ǳ㲻Сͷ·ܿҵħ
û뵽·ϣħ
ˮϣӽ˶ȼգȼյĻ棬۵ĽڡΪȡ·Ȼ˭ϵϾ·ģŵһˡ
һĻˣӯ
㣡ΪʲôҪô
ԭ类ħʴλߣ˶ƽ
ָо˷ѹؿԼҳϣȴ֣ϸٿˣĿһƬ⡣
ˮĳӽжҫۣǰ־жహࡣ
֣˵ֻҪʱˣ͸һŷĵ
һ˻ȥռеħΪŴ޴棬ˣˣҲ˼ƻеһ
֪û·һضʱ㣬ΪʲôҪΪʲô
ʱߵǰΪƿֵţһţȻΪˣɱЩѬġ֮ˣ˪ӿؿλãһֱ˽ŵס
˵Ķôϵģ
ʱѵ侲˼ͬޣǲ챦¥ҵıӣǳŵʲô
֣˵ˣҲŹҡѱ¶ȫµ˶Ź
ЦңΪʲôҪ㣿
ҾԼȥңʱ֡
˪̸ֵȫ壬䶳һı
ת뿪ʱıһһأһڵʦ
һˣĶ
ĶҪ侾ͳӽǱ


111 
βܸʱܡ
кܶ໰˵ ڵʱԾѺ֢ڣѪҺȼƵģҲһ
ͬʱ˵ʱֻè
һֻè
ԣ ʱûŻ˵
ڷｹƲصȣΪҪкüŻн
û뵽ҹʱ ʱͻˡ
ˡ
λ̫ϳԷΪزݣ 
ʱķ﷢ң˵ҲǱħƻ ħħܷŴеļޣ ҪԵŮޣ ħﲻǿֵû㼰ʱ
󷨵ȱѾˡ
꣬ëʣʱ㣬㿴ʲô
Ƕèʱ鲻̫ãЦһ£ȻڿĶʱ һ죬·һұɱ֮
㿴ˣ
ʱͷһ֧ʡ
̫ˣ̽Զ֮ǵĻٴظһ飬 Ϊ˱ʱ ˵øΪϸ£ƽʱദϸڣָαٿص˵ʲôӡ
ʱڴû һ˫۾˶ۡ
Ҳû
ôණͻȻһԵش ʱӣ ƺܳһʱܷӦ
ʱʲôξͻشʲôһһ˳ࡣ
˾պΧƲ£ΪαĿƣҽʱǣҪǳ鲻ȥСӸҽˣ
ʱͻȻεͷ
̵رͷСһЩ͸ԭڵʱ֣ͷϵĽһϰԵزͷ
˾պĽȥƲ£
ҡͷûУ˾պƲºǾֲ͵͵ѽǸˣñֲС֣Ʋµֲڶѱˡ
Զ֮ǡ
󷨶Զ֮ŪģҺܶࡣνʱ㻹Ļۺǰһ𣬡ۻܳȥأǲС
Ѫѵʱ򣬻ỻһۣҲ᳤µĽǣϸ룬һֻڽǣҲôѹ
ЦúܿģڻۻˣҪһ£ҾͿ
ʱͻأҪԶ֮Ҳֻˡ
δ˴Ϊʲô
ԡܴٽֲ죬Ϣ챦¥ȥģ˭˾պԲŻ᳢һа취ղ˵Զ֮ѹ㣬׼ΪǰһֱûϢԼֲʦأͻȻ˵Ѹšһ£챦¥
Ļǲ²⣬ѪͬҲǲ²⣬ʲôԼֻеʱ˾պ֪ˣŻ취֤ųǶЩ˾պٴѲαȴûܽԼ˵Ǹȷʵвͨڣʣ·Ѫˡ
ΣŶ
ʱ㲻𣿡
˵Ҳʹң˾պң
Ҳ˾պԶ֮˵Ҳ˰ȷһУҲ˳˳ؽԼ
ˣ֮ǰʹʹأһش𳤺˵ĽǾͲʹôһ룬ǾڱֲϣԶ֮ܵȷƶá
ָе顢󷨡磬̾˵ң̫ҿ϶
ﻹһŭʱָķתһȦ˲һͬصͷͣС˵öԡ
Σʱôˣ
ʱװŭһֱѪȼ˶ٴΣÿһζԵҸ㣬Ѿèˣ
е棬ʲôѪܱ죬ʲôֵֹĶҲǲܡ
ͼʱһصè

һת˲š
ʱ䣬ûһ¾Ҷϴδ˴ΪٴʱͻԪӤ
ڴҶڶģҶۺͰ˿˿˭ԪӤ
˾պ
˵޺ӣʱڻָûλᲢۡ
գ˶֧ߣʣκʱ
Զ֮ѵԵȡ׼õķʱԺ֮СԺĻľŲλãҵ˿Ҳˣ鱡ƽأϣڷһм䰼ȥ񴲡
˼ȥǰȫųѪҲע⡣һ£ʱԿ
λΪΣԴŹβͲݣɳ롣һЩȻûô
϶ԱɣиָĻ
ű㣬;ԼƮҡβ͡
ʱеţû𣿡
Զ֮бһۣȼѪѶΣӦñҸ
ʱʱĳÿһѪҺȫȼգԼȼɻҽִӻҽػȼÿһѪ֮֮ǰǿֻʱѪΪ˿˿Լ
ûԱɣ¡
˵ĻԴû£ҿ϶ܼס⣬ѪѪռһȫڣŵһҲˡ
ۻˣ廹ô׳ʵȻû⡣ֻҪ黹ڣµѪҲģ
ҿʱͻƶɽˣȻһķȵоеճʪʱβγѰصѾģһۣ
ʱߵͷ£ָʣֻǣС£ŵһͺˡ
Զ֮βû˵ؿһ˦һ˦β͡
Žȥ˵Ļ
˵˿˿֪ǵƶģ˵
ɳУԱβ͡
ڣԶ֮û̧ȥ
Ƭ覣
νһƬҶӣºĲۡͷһᣬ˵ҪҵĽ
µѪԽԽ࣬ŵŨҵѪζ
ǰƳ鵱ʱЩƤҵ
ѪҺʧ붯һ¶ˣеǲԵ̫̫֣࣬﷭
ʱ㣬ҪЩѪȥ鰡ʱ㻹ûش𣬺󷽵Զ֮˵ˣ٣
ҡͷ˲ѪԶԸħȥ߰£¶ûʲôˣҵѪˣκģǰ߶Щģ૵ȡԺҪܶСЩ˵붼룬֮Ҫᣬαע⡣
ǿܶС
һԸ˾պ˾պôУİ£õŮĵһγҡ
ΣӦõġ
ʱˣЩʱЩЦãòϣѪͷǵһС
˾պҲ׳μֹ
ʧѪˣӺΡʱȻӶ˾պǰɵΪѪÿԼԲҲҪһѪ
ţͫ׶ȻŴͫضǰֵӰ˾պôˣ
ѪֻҪڵѪҺȫʧɣҪڳҲܴ̼ʲôѣαע⣬һͰ˾պ֧ߣǸƲһȥ棡
ôˣ
˾պƣɺ죬ѪһϢĺʲô


112 ʧ
ʲô
 СŵñˣȻʱˣ Ƥѡ
ǿһ΢ǡ
βͻȻһְֻס ͬʱСβ͵ʶ𣺡˽㿴۾
۾ôˣ
ǰ߶Щģ ˾պˣﻹܿ۾ŬҪһͷ ϳ˾պλã Сβĵؽ°ϳһ㡭
Цˣ СβͿɶ¡

˾պʱǰһԭǻһŭһðͷ˭ǶҵĶ
ȻڿѪ֮УԼѵسЦʱЩѹ£ȡ֮ǡĪĿֻš
˫ɺ۾ Ҳ𽥶һЩˮ
Ŀڴľʹ˾պ΢΢ְͣؿڣ·ܸоʲôһһµи࣬ Ҫ壬 һ
˿˿
ʹǡ
˾պײײΡΡ֡
ּԴʱһӲԶ𣺡 Ѫ Ʋµǣ Ҳ֪Ĳһ
˾պ׻ɷס
Ҳ˿СֱʱʶͷϤλãѾûֻεĽǡ
޴šһ̣һӴѹסȫȫٶ˵ٴ𣬡ɷѪ
ָֻһ磬Ȼ޷ǰһ˾պӲȴңÿһþȥƴŷҲҪײţȥķ
ƸоǰϢˣǿҵĲӿͷ˿˿
Ϥ۴ӳݼɢãȻ޴ص㣬ң𣿡
ˣѪˣһҲʣԶ֮վҪϵĺǱǡѪǽдá
ҴɾԻһЩ
˾պѹ̧ͷ˷֮ˡ˵β·ץһ㡣
ʶһ̺Ȼȫ޷ʶ۲˼˾պ޷ֱֻſ
£˲û֣β£¶ЦݣɲһѰãҿһЩҲӦá
ҵģ˵仰ʱȴֱĳһ
˾պȡֻǣҾͲ
ҵģ˾պٴظǸˣ˵Լҵġ£񱩵ΪģŻϢ˷
ԱߵʱͷƤ飬ëҪըˣ󾹲ܿƵһë׵Ĵβ͡
Զֱ֮Ǹɢѹɽڶоѹȡ
˾պԪԶ֮ѹѹ֮£Ҳ˾Ҳһ緢Ļɽв
ͬʱѹʱͫһߣŤͷɱڵضסԶ֮
˵˲Ҫ̼˾պܿ𣡡ʱѶס˫ѹϽ˪ҧгݵԶ֮
ͼ赭дصȻˣͲҪ˷ѡһжǲ²⣬Ϊβȥ̽ĵޣжܶҶۣˣ˵ÿһ仰ûֱӴ
֪֪˰սʤϣԶ̧֮ͷ죬Ƴһ˾պ˵Ҫˡ
˾պԭվţ˿Ԫڶݱֳ쳣Ӧαٴγ֡˶޷վȣֳϣǡðѪ
ӿʼֻѪеֺȼգ䶼ճ˻ң¶ֱۣպ˵
Զ֮״վԶһԱߵҶۣڶԪӤ١
˵ʱûע⣬ͷһƬ
һ̣˺Ѳ񷣬ȴڵҶۣǾֱ塣
Զ֮㿴ֻܽƬԭط׳ͷǽõҶ۵׽٣ҶֻͻԪӤڣһ׽٣˾պܿ
ѹһΣŶɽ٣׿ڳһס
ףҲˡɽڵ˾պûԪӤڣ͸˵
ԷĿļȻռˣҶǸ֮򻹻ţ޷һͱߵĽʹ䱩¶ô;ûֱ˺һҳ顢ٵСصĵز
Է᲻á
ԣֻԭпܳ־֮ˡ
شٴѹȥˡ
һУΪ̽˵ʵѵСһֱ״̬ʶ̫ˡ
鵱ߣشʱƾ֡
һ̣Զ֮еıѺۡ
ϵĺȻӭ˿е硣
ڿգβʹѣޱȣ˿ڡ
ѪðȴһܲʹļƱɽѪ̵Ҳۣһ޷ԵǿҲʸһֱ˵ʲô
ǰ˵һ仰
ôʲôںʵͷʲôһһġֵΣ

֮ʱȻĹ˺˺ڰοǰʹࡢɢ˾պ
֪Ҳ֪㣬ôɵɵسǰ
ҵĴϢʹࡣ
һ̫ʹˣ
붼û룬ƴڿնֻһͷ˾պܲ˷ˣ٣һûշ걮ʲôֵ
ųص壬죡
ڱ׻ɲǣʹȫÿһѪ⡢еĶǾͷ
˾պѾֱӣͷ졣
˾պ˫ɫ۾ԼĵӰѪˣһͷɽʧܣ׵
飬˾պ۾Ļ̡
ʶڣҲһƬصúޡ֮ϣһͬĽᡣ
ѪǶԵģʶԼҲûѽ
Сڵ飬϶Լ˳ȥѰƬһ˿Ĵ̣ȻҲһڣͺ˵ѩ֮飬һܹһ
ʶģ֮ǰһնƵǸᡣ
˾պ
ǰ̫ͷҲĳԺ֮С
˾պͺúõ߾飬ԻǸα
ԹԵģţѽ
׹䣬ƿֻܶҪסʶСһ
ôأѹô죿
ֻһ̣θоһ
ѩ۾ģʶ΢һ
ǡ
࣡
ӿ׹ĺƾʧԶԶ֮Լֻ̧֣Ѫۣʲôûץס
һ̣Զ֮ٴ֣סһƬ׹ѩʧǰɢȥأҶҲѾ࣬Ӷ׽ʧ
һ˾պʱȫˡ

Աߣ˾պֵƣȻпտգʲôûס
лѪˮ䣬ȴѲ
ʶƱгһһصߣ޷˼
ȵʱǰʱ˾պŷӦң㣺ʦ
°ͱסʲôиӿʦ¶ȫȥԪܶʱȹл࣡ȥץѩȥ


113 ǧ˿
ʱԼһƬݵϡ
׼ȷ˵ һƬͷ̦̦еӲܸܵƤ΢ʹ æû˯ôӲĴ
ǰ û뵽ΣĪش ѪɵԵʣ
ûж룬ν϶㡣
ˣ طտĲݵأ ڶߵ
ʲôࣿ˾պѾɽڵʱչˣ Ӧò°ɡû´˿̶˲ˣ࣬͵ȫԸ
νгС硣һ࣬뵽ĵһ¾кСɷ
ܳԵĶ𣿡
СƮƮ䵽̦ϣ˺ôһ綼࣬ Ȼ̦ˡ޳һڻǣݵ˵걦ζղ
۾һǴĽ׹ǳ ղĶ ϶ǱߵĽ棬õкͷܶһЩʤ㡣
ϸȥϵ̦  еֲͼϵݡ
ݳƬƬ ԶԶźΣȻֲʳʿһմϺѸ̦ƤϣƤƬƬ̣Ƴһĵ޺
ǶɽڵǿУҲֻѹɢ޷䳹ΨһĽ֮ǵݿȡ尾޺պȻ䡣
Ȼݼѿ궼һλʶҩѰúܡ
࣬աһ£òʶġֵԶֿ֮ˣ
ûоʶʧϸ飬Ҳûմ϶ݵļ
վĿԶ̦ߡ
ʲôأôһͷûС
δĴߣţͷԣϾȻŰɫ˿ߣ˿Ҳ֪ʲôʣôѲˣС綼ܽնϡ
Һˡ
С綼ղϣôǰ׷
ѵҪӲ
ҪСβܽͺˡ϶ܸϵ̦ѣҵ׾١
ϧҲ֪ǲ½ֲ̫˵ԭ޷֮С
ʶ˸βͲݣСβͲϵ̦ŲţԼ̦ðһϸϸĻƺҪһ仨
֪˻᲻ܲժԵܴܲȥܵĻɲι顣
һڴѾʼˣ顢顢ԸҪԪҲÿֻжɽ˲շ걮أ
Ҳʱֲʦû뵽½ֲʦҲܾѳľ顣ɻ᲻㣬ǵһͨɡ
ŮʱողݵðĻʧˡ

ηӦȻСβûܸҲСβ͵ϢǣЩö˺ɻݷŹһ仨
ǻûʧˣеϧ
̧ͷ˵֮ˡ
ͼǰԶһӰǸذ׳ȹŮӣӰģһ޴ذҩС
еŮ裬ˮһ
ŮӶһ裬һڵ㻹Ǵ֮ŵ֮塣
һ⻰Ǻ죬εÿٽֺ߳ŭ㣬㣬㲻Ҫң˭˭˵Ǵ֮ˣΪŮǳɳ˻û£ǿҪ˳ЦģѪѶϢξԼԪӤˣѲǵṆ̀˵ʲôԣ˵Ҳ£
Ů̧ͷ°˿˵굥ԪδƣǴ֮˿ǧϲ
δ磺ҶѾ鸮ˣ
ŶŮָ΢ξ͸оµ˿ֱ߱Ʊңһ˶һһ̣һЩֵӿͷ͡ƣ
ܶѪۣ࣬شɨ۵ðҲɨӴСһ䡭
һ̣ŮƳһۣ΢Ц˵ʲô鸮ޣ
Ĺĵصп
֮СɣٶȱԶͬʮ𵤡ʮԪӤϣ֮ܽɴˣԳɱǣҲȻȻɽ١ʥ°빦
һػش𣺡ʲô֮壬Բڣ
ŮԹ˵Ψһȱǣ֮죬һ˶˵壬ΪᱻգպٶҲüȻǿȲУֻƵΪŻתˣ֮бϷ
ᶨޣҿ϶⹦ġûȱҶޣ˵ôȱˡ
Ůҡҡͷ̾һϧˡ£ģӰȻһʵԭİȹڴ죬·སȹǣȹƻĶˡͬһ˵ˣҪ
ҩǰ裬ҲҾƣɢŨľ㡣
ҿν棬ûѽ
ŮӴһӣ䣬ḧεա
һ̣ξ͸оһͷһԼϾȻ˿ߡ
ŮӾ𣬡ôƯȻֻǿҵ㣿̾Ϲ
οϵ˿ߣǶԶ̦һͷ
ˣ
̧ͷʣֻ𣿡
Ůӵͷ
ΰԲ²⣬Զ֮Ӧһ˭أ֮ǰÿζ˵Ҫܸһͺˣ
ʣµģѲ
˭
ŮЦʣͨ˿ߣֱǵ𣿡
𣿸ոտʱһģһ˿ߣŮ˵֮ξע⵽ϵ˿߳˱仯һǸԭǸǣϣ΢΢
㶣ϲص˾պ
˾պȻҲ࣡ҲԸ˾պˣҵڵı˾պҲܼסȥ걦ڣȫѵ¼װα߾顣
ŮӣӴϳһ
ֱܷ𣿡
β²һԶ֮ϸ˿ҲܺϣԶ̫֮ǿԶԶˣ֮ɳһദôãҪϳҲѡָһ˵Զ֮
һʵڲȷ˭
ûҲ£ǽʣ´˻
ŮЦˣ㣬㶼޷ϳ´ˣѵˣ˲۵ģҲؿһѡ
ͷһ£ܲܲ£
ȻŮ׳һѽǸ߼ɣߣҵ࣬Ǳ㲻ꡣ
Ĳ𣿡


114 
ˣ ޷ŮӴӻ£һһߵǰ˵ 𣿡
еңμʣ¡أ
Ůûش⣬ ˵˱ģҺʵ˺һޣ һ޳ɣ ǵٶȡǿǵʶ ͬʱ Թ˺شԭԽһ˺תƵ֮ϣܱסˡ
˶Ҳͨ תƸ
һ֮ѺۣԽԽ ȵήһ ЦмаȣˣֻȳԵ˿ԱסΪ һΪʧ ΪӴ
˿ߣ ֻǸʵǸˣ㶼޷ϳ϶
ˣҪһָ˾պǸ˵ѽˡøϲһҵŮ֮ϲֻһ
Ůɨ˿ߣĿһͣһ˲üʣȷ
ο϶صȻǲصȻֻһԺ϶ܶģŮôֻһϲң
ŮЦҡҡͷʣ˻ǣͨ˿߳
е棬Ϊβȥұأ
ΪͨصʿƬݺ㣬ǡýڲݺ֮С
ѵһΣŲһüͷɻݣǹˣǻжֲңõıɻ˺
ŮӴԭء
˽֮ǰõؾǰûпǵĵطĲͻַӦʱ
ڵĺǰûǵԼõĿ飬ֱӱ˻Ρǣе¡
μ׷ʣǲ뿼ǵģȻǷɻݵĶ˿ԽתƵһϣʱתƵ˭أమ֮ˣ᲻ᷴĿɳԵĻͻһΪʧǰؾá
ŮĿⲻٴ̸ͣĿڣþʣ˵˺ա
ܿǵģǲһֱֵɻݾͻῪҩ˭Ҳˣ֮ǰùβͲɨϵСʱһ֦Ļ˳ҪӣĲֹˣԣɻݿԿôжʿֻҪܵȵɻݿͶþȡ
λǰ࣬Ҳִ⺦˵ࡣ˵ȻҲһգɱؾȫ̫࣬Ǳ֮֡
Ůĵ㶼ˡ
쬵ģζһ㼦Ƥ񡣲Ϊ걦ǹ˵㲻ͨ飬ܲнľҶˣһжѱҿ
ԽԽˣȥ֮󣬶ܴҹ
ŮӲٹŪ飬㲻жжж
οһ˾պҲжģҲƭ㡣ԼһѪĻɷڵ꣬ǲݼôж
ŮһɨƬ̺ˡδĵƫƫǰδǹ񣬵׸δ
룬ŮӲҲõ޳˵
ס˾պ˿ߣص£˾պ˾պ
ƺתƻ󣬺ŮӽӲĶָֻ̬Цŵ˵Ѱ˿߲࣬һͷεģһǿģ㲻ѡǿһûһЩ
ҡҡͷǰ϶ͨأҡԶ֮ÿ죬ֲϲңôɵأ
˾պߵˣھΪӦ֤˵ĻֻҲһ˿ߣΨһԶ
Զ֮Ǹ֪ˣʣǻұ𣿡
ǾͻлᣬûУԽ
𾪣Ҳ֮壿
ȻҲᴿ֮壬Ҳ̣ԣе뿪ŮĿ¡
Σҵĵ˹ȻŮģʲôµˣҲûҪ˰ɣŮֲܸŮĺ
Ůӵ˭˵ܣమɣ޹λŮӽ浣ҲѰһвֶµҲڡ
´ΣԲֲʦ
ΣԭܽڵλʦãҲһ֣ЩˣԲŻеҼ档
ʱŮͻȻ֪˾պж˿𣿡
˵꣬Ů̧ʩչˮĻξͿһϮµ˾պɫ԰ףųصĲڻߵĴϣҵ¹˪ԵεӰֻ
紵Ĵ䣬¶˾պ
ͼϲĺɫ˿ߣֶо
㶣ôܻӭ
˾պӲãһ쵽ΧƲתʱʱ˵һЩԵĻô֪Ԫ˲һܽ£Ǿĺϲˡ
ɣϻһŮ޶˾պ
Σô˿ߣ϶²û𣿡
Ǹ˼˾պϲܻô˿ߣһĶֻһ˵ġ
Ůӿˮ˾պ֮ŵҪΪͨ·һƬߣûκ赲
λûӦֻǽŵصҿȥʱԪˣȥ
Ů˵Կ·
ֻǰһȻͷ֣ǰĵ·飬ܵ챦գÿһ쳣񿥡Ưǡ
ǰζɵˡ뻯ǣȴЩĲм᲻ᱻѽ
𣿡ŮһϷʵؿΣ˵˿Խ࣬ԽȻΨһĿ֮꣬򣬹ʶ˿ûжһ㣬ȷȥѰʧջ·ϣ
Ŵ覣˿Ҳ٣û뵽뷨ͦࡣֻһˣΪˣô
ɵĴܲεǲ±¶Լݣ˿ûѽѪоǵİ¾ԽԽá
ŮˡͲֻһһһ˫ˣ壬ô޵
ңˣôкܶİ¡
Ʋ˹أòҵĴˡھȥɡŮӺȻӭһԼȫֵˣȲΡ
ܵ˽ʱԶ֮Ĵ
Ƕ˲ˡ
ΣҲߣޣҪңкö໰Ҫôھ뿪


115 һԪ
Զ֮ߣ ĳǰκβ󣬻ʯԶ֮ġ
ϯض ҲˣƤҾ ĶҲȥ
һ仰е˼˵ڡ
ת뵽걦жҪһᣬ ȥˣǡ
ϺŮӵǾȺˡ
ŮҲֱ£ ûݵϣ ʱ Ѿ£˳ưں֮УﻹǸƺ
ֻɽѩͻɣѩ飬飬£޵һɣ
β˼صѩɣ ɡ
ŮһͷΣΪΣ
Ҳо֣⻹˵ܲɺǸʲô֮ɣһͬؿźŮӣ ԣ ˣҲУ
ͬķϣٸرɡ
Ӷˡ
Ůס Ц ѩҲֻ֮壬 մ鰮ɡˣתǾ˺ܶ˶ʶΪһ޵ɣ͸ĺƺ쳾Ͷѩɡ
ҡͷ
ԭѩɵӣôΪƵģתɡҽһλֲʦϲŪݣƢºͣǸЦֻһѵˡ
ɺҲһ͵ӣֻѽǵ̫ˣģǲƽԽԽ̫̣ദÿһ춼ѵζûʲôıʱһһĿήǵĸ飬ȻҲԽԽ
Ƕʱ䣬ǹҪһժҲʧȥΪ
ֲʦƿǿҪժ
˼ҹ롢ƿ֮ʱһ죬ͻȻ˵ҪˣҵʱܽţΪҸӦλãңʱֲܶϢ壬ǹΪһֱǲģǶﵽĻϰߣδ뵽ڻжֽš
룬ˣҲûϾҲһֱ붯ֻ֣ʼûҵѡ
ιҡǰΪʧһ˲ͷʱǵΪѾܸˣҲСȻΪȫޣȻ
ǰڶЦ
Ůͷһھƣ˵һֱ˵֮Ị̇ڣܷһ
޳ָĿλãµһӣǶģʹã衣
ˮȵ̫䲻٣һЩˮϣ˳һ·£һʪԵòôԡƽʱôҶĪ˺ҶǸˡ
ѿҵĲ֣ѾҾ뿴۵һ𡣡
ʧȥģϣкһֱӵУֻǿţҶҸ
գۣԣõؾڵ걦϶Ҫȡңң֮ܵĲѽ
ͻȻ֣Ůӵ֡
Ůüʲô
Σڻǲ𣿡࣬׸֪˵ǰһƲܸоͬһĨµĺۼȻû𣬻ЦŭθӦԷڸղţŮӵ仯ԣץסֵʱθᵽһĪĿɬ뵽ġ
ġζ࣬ȴġ֮Ļ
β֪˵λǰֲ˽ⲻࡣ
˾պϲֲҲֲϲ߹·ݾ𣬺ˣ찤ֲĶ
ֲͼףԱɣ˾պΨһĲݡΪЩԱɣЩʲôһ˺ܶࡣ
ǰδʹԱɵζѾƮˣ˺ŮӵĹ£ܾöһ˿ʲô
еˣʲôû˵ûд˵ϲҲҵرǵİĺˮ˳װûо˾춯صĴҲ糱ˮһ䡣
ƽҰݡʱ̶ߣڣΪ̫ϰߣʶغ
˾պǸӣαԿЩʱĺᰡ
ԥһ£ǵݣ
ŮϣʹϣѵҳңҲڱҡ
Σʿӣȡģ˺ۡ
ʣµĻڿŮﲻӿˮ˻ȥ
һʱ䣬ȷ䵭𽥿ήڣλֲʦ
Ҫ˺ۣȥѰʦΣԼȥҲУûУǶУʴϵÿһѪ⣬ҹڿɬĻں֮С
һǸֲʦû뵽ġ
ΪͲˡû뵽һӣһĳͷ
మԭôӵ°
ŮŵľƺѵأϱQ£ݴԣεĽűߡ
οɳܵĶˡ
ƣ϶ǿʶȥָƺ͸оһʹǾƣҺûãˣɾ鷳ˡ
Ůϵʧˡ
ɫ㲣ҲЩնµĺݻƣƬ궼ýڡ
ڵȷǲ
һԪ֮ϣΪʱж̣δɢءѣԪ񣬻άǧꡣ
ʲôʵ𣿡
ͷһϲǿ̫ˣ
ǰϽʿ½СƳռˣ˵𣿡
ڵؾǱҳֻҵϽ걦ܶԸа飬ѾһԶԿαĻ걮Ҫõ걮ϿɣҪԪﵽɽڲУҲҪͨĿ飬õ걦
Ĳ˵Щʱ򶼺޷ӦڵĺǰһڸߵϽ磬ṩһЩ
Ůɫأû˵ҪСǰдĹȥӦǸʦǰ̽µӶСĴȡˡ૵ӾȻҪڵأӦˣֻΣпܳ
֮һ֣϶ᱻץ˾ۣҷ𡣡
飬Է϶취鷳Ͻʿײܵ½磬Ҳޣ뷢跨޸ҳ˺ҳ飬Ǳж֮ǰڵĵݣʰ׶ϣѰ˾Ϊ
κˣ޷ݡֻǣϣߵΡΣÿ֮˵ǱԼصС֮飬ٽΡ
βΡΡͳ飬СҲ֮ģǣҲҳ
Ůϸ˿˵ʱ䣬΢һܣȱһ
˵ͱҳͬʱ߻и֮ˣƿҳͷһɡ
ϧ䣬ӣǡôӵײ㣬ƴϵ˶ﲻǡ
ذסԼͷλãΪʶãÿֻһӣ걦ģ޷ڳǣɻݡ
˵Կ
һ̣ŮµֻʢĺǣԪ˯ع顣
ѽ쵽ˡֻҪǵߣܳǰǵߣӡ·Ӵ
ӡ
εʱͷƤ顣
ǵã֮ǰ˾պ˫ɫ۾ȱ˽ǡѪĺ
ҵ࣬ӡ˫̶ҲһһС
군ˣ


116 
²ʩչˮĻ ٴν˾պӰչǰʩչˮ󻹻˸ţǰоƣڷ ֱ߻һӺǡ
кιȥһ鶼㿴ƣ ͸һƹذɡ
ˮ˾պĵǰߣ һ¿˺ۣѪѳɺӡԪش νࣿԪ ˾ͱϣ Ķ
˼˾պͣǵһĿˡ
ȿˡ²һӣˮϳԶ֮վɳĮ֮Уǰȴһþէһд֦ҶïηִƤкܶ˿ڣ ƬáõҶӵ£ʬǡ
ţһˮĻ֣ ͷǱӵʿ ͽѾѰ˱˴ˣݺϴξƽ˼࣬Ƚʱ ϶㿪ġ
²ЦЦ ס꣬ ҲҪ͵סƽį
δңɼǰеĵ£ǿץסҸҪŻ
ν׵İ˿Ҳʧˣߵϣϥ¡
һ߶˾պˮĻһʶ͵͵˸βͲݣɨϵ̦
ǰʣԪ˯ǰ˵ɻݿĻ걦޷ȡժ˾պڣҪԪѿˡ
ֻ֮ǰʱ򱻰²ֹ񣬲֪²˵ʲô
ǵı⣬ɻݿĻժߡŮӿεСһɨǲΡΡĻ֦ٴ۶ϣ׷ˡ
Σ
ͽ㶼⣬Ҹ˾պȻҪʲôŻ⣿еţ
ת뵽˾պдô໰а취
ѽʲô²̧ھһͼϳһͷѪĺӿ׹䣬˵ϡ
ͷǡ˾պĽż⣬޴ͷߣǡܿжϵλá
֣ͷϵİ̺ۣɬɳƣǴϵɰʯһһĦĽ㣬Ҵˣ㣬ѡ
ھ޴ı֮УȻѺۡ
²ĹӶˣ۾һɣҪǣҿ
ûش
ˮû˺˾պһƬۣȡĿѪιÿղãڴ޹ٴÿ춼Ļϣȴÿյʧ֮С
һʬ⣬ްǳ
ԼĻþ޷ֻ߳ʣһ
νǸ˿ߣ˾պѣ˿ߣᵯңãɻʱ߳ĸ衣
ٵߣİ
ȻӰԽԽ·ԽԽ
·˾ʮŲ
ʣµһ
৵һվҵ·ңҪȥǰǲݵأ֮ǰǺ²ָͨķ·к²ٽ·֡
һΣ϶ᱻ·ϵķ羰Ի
²ȷ
ȷôԶ۰
²⿴߹ȥҲû磬Ұǡ
£˾պ΢΢⣬ָأȥѰһɢؼԪ
ѩ£ȥѩ£˾պô֪ѩ£
²ӴǸ뷨˼Ļþҵ֮ǰ·Ѿ¶ܶͷҴһ
ѩµʥڱף㿴̨ôſУ·ϵ²ЦЦǰֻһλ˵й¶ˮԵŮ޶ൽ壬㿴վǲȺر
ĶɫҶֻһˡǰͿǵһԸ˼û飬ʱϡ
εĺƱһֻĴ߬
ȷӢվǷɣ߸ϵo
Ǵǰ϶ͣĿ⣬ͣһѪµ˾պϡ
ƿЦ״Ʒħþϲı̨롣ƬѩеһɰĿֻܿ
εһ֯þʲôף
²ҲǸ뷨ģֻһƲûС
δԼԴȭ춫롣
˾պôù˭
ˣҲʼղϵ¡
ֻ̧ͷһ۸߸ϵŮ
һۺ󣬱ҲƲĿ⡣
ңоϵҲƸһ
۾һȣֱӳ˾պķ
ָ·
Լȥң˿߻ָȥڵĵط
ǰһ·񱼣ţһŲȿգЩˤ
ע⵽վѩ¡ɵĸ̨ϣݵײ㣬վŵľǻѪ˾պ
þȫܡ
˾պңҶ
ǧİݣηûܼ¾͵˵ף˵˾պȴڼײʱɲסţŴŵôѪô찡
ΡΡ֣봥ȴֲҴ¾ôһ͵˱Ե˾պѣֱӵࡣ
һ̣˱Է§סذڻСţҵ
ϵһ£·һ
˾պૣ㣬ǲΣĽ㴩Ϥĺȹͷϴһ䶌ɰĻ
ǻɢŨ㣬ֻţͺƽ˻ɡḧķᷢٵĵطĦʹʹָⴥǶ仨ʱһӿ壬˫ܸ
ع
ʧŬ̧ͷٵ˾պǵСرαƣûȡ
ʣµĻû˵
Ϊ⧲Ŀ촽ɲǣ˵ĻڿС
ǣҪԽԽȻױúܽθоԼˣһƬհףֺըǻ
ֵΣʵ˫ۣ΢ĽëС¹ײ
ഥ˲䣬֫ٺʶᵴһһ㣬鸮ڵ¡ɽס
ԣ鸮𣿲һˣ۵ðɨأǣĺ
ûվȵ֧ѩ֮С

ݺϣ²Цһ⣬˵ԼŮǣֻ˼ġۡ
˿ھƣζ¾ƣ಻ɬζɡ
ͳǶɻ껨


117 Сǹ
ˮһȫ ȴˮͬϢﻹȣȼյĻǣ һĽϣƤϵս
ħ ֻᡣ
ֻСɷЩ˵ļԼ ӵ
ú˾պɿ
 ƺ
յͨ죬 ҲЩκģ ºƲȵĲǰѩǽɫɳͷŶðݣ̲סҡҡβ͡
Ťһºβ͵طӦŶûβ͡
ûβͣ˾պǰŤƨɡ
͡
ˣ εٽֺͷ
˾պͷһֱͣϽǵǱͷ
϶ǶϽǹڻһֱβ
æΣ ǣ ҶϽǲ۵ģֻѾǻ͸ָһģ ѹ
룬 ˵͵ĽҲû¶ҵݣ Զֲ֮͵͵ǣƲµõǸǣʵĽ
Ȼ˾պû˵Ļͷ
νͷŲҲ˳Сһֱ˻ȥͷŲϣѵⲻΣ
ԭһֱΪΣ
湻ɵģ
ץһֻ֣ҧһָ⣬ʹʹǲΣ˾պƤӲҧױҧòˡпԼ˾պָֻӡѪ
𣿡Ҳ𽥱á
Σգ
Σڱף
΢ͫӰЩŵͣȻ˾պѾ׷ˣίߣǸץβ˾Զ֮ץβֻ͡ϵ££Ҷûβ͡
ûβͣɱƨɣλǾֻң˵оȫƮƵø죬ⶼ͸ŵķۺɫ
ҡ
˾պϵıҲЩ졣
һЩҲˣɷڵ۾䵭һǳɫ̣Ե뼸֣һãȻ޴롣
еˡ
Ȼ˾ô˴ˣ˭ҲûһĶ
úٴαһ

ݺϣ²ֱҡͷ⣬ľͷƵġ翴ˣŤͷˮĻҲһһŮӵһֻϵ˿Ҳ٣ؼͨĲپˣˣȻҲͦࡣ
˿߶񣬿۾Ρ
ֿһ̾˿ͣԭأǿòȣԶһ˼ȻԵ΢ˡ
ˮĻϵĶɨһȦ뿴˼ģ۽⻹ǲԾķ
ţСɵӻƳľͷ׮һء
ʶԼ΢΢ʱ²㶣ҾȻҲ

˾պҸ㽲ŶڵƬر߶߶ؽŽţᣬ˾պ·ʪˡ
أÿ࣬ȥ㻹Щ㻹ȥƲ£һᾡΪշ걮ġ
У£͸СܣҺһƳ㵲ٵġ
˵ʱģȴֱײǻĺײϻ졣
۶
˾պһȥᣬմˮָŵг˳̵࣬ġ
ʣ㣬ɱҶۺƲأ
һ߳һ߻شеŶαͻᷢలŵ֮ӶʧˣһжʧأǲҪѡһܣֱ˺ҳ顣Զ֮̽αûôǿ˵Ը˷֡
ԸСԭĹԸˡ
ܼʱضвţʵΪ
ãвУܵͷȻŻܵв
һʼɱ飬Լİ֡
ѣ˯ľ޵öࡣֻҪӰ쵽֮ӣ֡Ӱ쵽ģǻܵƣΪ·˽޷¶ࡣ
ЩԶ֮пǵ˵Ŀǰİ취õģڲα£ǻһ
˾պûֻǣε֡
ֻ־ٵԼǰŴа׵ָĿȴϣм˿ߣ
Σ
Զ֮𣿡
꣬Ϳ϶˿ߣͬʱһֻУü
εɴ۾
ҲǡûС½˵˵㲻ǲΪͻȻôá
ķʣŮ̫Ҿ󱲹ҪԸľƣȻٴѣʶǰɢҲֵá
Σ
Ůӣˣȥ˿ֻ޷ҵѣûüСӻװװȥײޱȣȴϲŮǰװɣһһĺ
˾պǰһѼ
ӹ£ϵ˿ߡ
ţֽԼǶ˿ͨͨϣ󣬽˴˽ʣ˿ش˸ͬĽᡣ
ϵ˿ߣؿסε֣߰ɡû˵ʲôί͵͸һֻոձѵˡ۾ʪСǹ
ǰߣϲƵ˿˻ζҡΡ
˾պûвüֻǡ
˾պŲһ٣ûϵͻȻͣ£ײ󱳡
˾պ۾δֻһ۾ѡ㣡
˾պ۾̣ͺĶһ
ͷţǿȥͨǰĿ飬õرȳȥˣҲܼװԻ󡣡
յ˵ٴ˱ǽսС
㣬涼ܾѣȥζﶼ㡣˵һܱαƣʧعԹԵ𣿡
ν͵ǣǸϽȥʲôгζͣһ£
һʲô
˾պüͷ˵ǰĿ
Ůӵٴ𣬡ӴΣֳܲǿӣþﻹһرҵѩʱù飬ҩĻ֮С
ѩɵļ̫ңԶ֮ǰ˯ʱû
˾պֵһεĶͷǲ
ôҽԼɵǲһοࣿȥԶܻ֮Ѫ
Σ
˵öԣ
ҾȻôҪ¡
ڲǰԼöȥҪͬΪʱҫ죬κ޲ҲԴôôŶһء
Ҫ
㣬ܸ֣ܸ֡˾պѿڶ
Σ
ݩnûôѽ


118 ٵ
ѹ˵ǣ ͽ϶ֳ
½㿴˹ԴֲʦǺֲʦ
ֲʦ
Ů΢΢Ȼ ҡҡͷĽͲ顣ٴγ˯ǲѶ齻ġԪ ΪδԸڣԣ ҵøܵҸ۲ܱѡִ˸Ƿҩ 漰ĴУ Ҳͨؽ ҡ̧ۣҲóǡ
룺սƶϣ˭ܽĴȫգȻҲóˡ
֪ĴʲôǸ֮ԲҪҪȥԣ˻Ը½޵ѩɣ޵ɡ
Σڸѩɻü𣿡
Ůɨһۣ붼룡Ҷû𹻣
˵󵹣ںϣ ڻžƺһûһµҡϼõĿ鶼㿴ƣ û һ˵ı֡
ܶˮĻԶ֮һΪۣƬˮĻﶼǿŲ ֦ҶҪˮĻһԱ֮£ µԶ֮ԵøС
ע⵽ ȥ۲Զ֮ʱˮĻеľˣµԶ֮ŴؿԶ֮üС塣
ʼ޼ǿ
żţȻͣ£߷·ԽҶӿԶԵһֻţֱʱβע⵽Զ֮ĽžȻѾʲһ
Ƭ̺Զ֮ջĿ⣬һǰƣ޼ǿò
ҪԶܹ֮ܳ⣬Ū顣ں½ҪܵҸ֪β⡣
ƿĿ⣬һֻͻȻ۾ϣһȻѹλ˸顣
˾պڶ𣬡ڿʲô
Դ𣺡Ŷ֪ˡ
ԭ࣬˾պվλãͻȻô鸮ޣ㿴ôԡ
Զ֮ԱߵǸˮĻϣǡʿڽ鸮ޡӦڿԽɽѰҵ˴ˣһʱԿӵ
ĶԪӵҲ鸮ޣɾ˾պôһ˵ˣӵǸղŻ׹ˣѲҲ鸮ޣ
˾պֹӵ
Ůӱ۾䲻ԣĳЩˣžͱţһҲˮĻϵûʲôȤĿһֱɨ
˶Ǻ£ºڷò
ĸߴ˾պվŮһǰ죬סۣһֻ֣޼䴹鷢Ǽͷϡ
ſţŮǺЦһһھơ
ʱ˾պ˵ˣ㣬ǲǻ뿴ʲô
ûλشԹ˵ˡ
ëСˢһɨĴ֫ٺӵϡ
Զԣʲô˵ˡ
߱ڵԵøǿ
һЩ
ЩһоԼѪҺ÷̡
ڵƺƷֿһָ죬˾պϷʵ𣬡뿴Ҳǡ
ٵط뿴ôˣŮѪﱾСȻЩмĻ棬˫Ϸˮβ
ָȥ˾պֻ֣ǿ㻹дأдĺ֮˼ᣡ
Ůһھ
Ȼôᣬ֮ǰôž͸ľͷһأ
ЩţĻд
ʲôдؼƺܻӭء
ߴٵЩˣǸϿʲôȻҪ˯ˡ
˾պûдɿ۾֡
ڲݵ£úֿʼᷢ١
ϵŲոһֱ룬ú½ܵҸȻȥһл᲻Ȼɣ˾պ뽫ƽʱദʱĵεչָ½㿴ô֪ǻῪģǻѹ
Ϊ֮ǰÿһҲƽƽѽƽǵ½֮Ľ١
˾պ㣬Ѿкܾûаͷˡ
˵ͷҲûãҳȥ֮ǽʱģ
˾պڿԽ̻㡣Ϊᣬ÷˿ָ⴩ʱʱطաÿһδлָţεĸָԾ
úһỹһ߽ȥ̶٣ʣ𣿡
˫ǰװǰҲпԴԼҲͷһ߱ȻһߵӦö˰ɡ
˾պ˵ͷԡƳһԱŵĺŮӣǰͬ⣬Ҳԡ
Ůӿͷǣʱҡͷԣ
ٺ˾պ¿һۣδҵ֮ǰϱĻ
㣬ûлˡʶСë˿߲εķϡһĺɫȹյȣĶˣͷ٣Сë˲һ¶֮С
ɵģһܺƭܺá۸ӡ
رԹǰһȼһһ
˾պҲЩްĺӯ˫Ŀº͵ü۶Ȼ仯˴ŹԵķ
һ̣߬һƷ˿ͻأǰǿһֱס棬ȥ𣿡
Ҳûʲôá
ֻҪܹһﶼԡ
ͷһƫûעԼһͷץţôһͷ˻һŤͷҪ˵ڿ˾պ˫ۺֶʧ
뷨зɬ
ŮĬĬһھơ
оԼ־һ㣬ȻУǣҲǡ
ȵؾ׿֮ʱлŵ飬Ԫ񶼻뿪ֻ࣬˲
ش˾պ䣬кӿرòĻȥͻǽ㣬ٴααٿء
Ǿ͵ˣ˵գ͵ץסδǸ󣬽ʯڣһ̣ɷ˾պֱնһ
춯أǽµĲݺһΪն޴֡
޾ɷӣ̦ճ˺ڻҡ
˾պҿԻٵɻݣʯڣһ޾Ľڣպϡ֧ٵƬݺ
벻ϧһдõر
ˣûϵ˾պᶸȻ֡˵˾պס졣
û˾պվ׺ݵصԣһǿ
ף۾ȴ˵Ứ֪Լ
ɣбôɣΪԼΪСأΪ˻ڳܿѵĵ
ǰˣҪõǸرÿһڵϽ걦Ƕһѵͬ飬һ˿ʤ㡣
ܴӦ˾պﳤء
ڣԺһĻˣ
ģ׵ģ


119 ˵
ʱ ζûѩ¡ΨһĶһֻСèСӡβʹСèצӵ¹ȥ档
ӵСèҲ⡣
Ϊ˦˦ȥβ͸棬 ĵȥץβˡ
èͦġ
˿̣ܽţ һ׶ӦʲôӡԣŴ죬 һ𣡡ųԲȦԾʮ㣬 κΪ飬 ŵ
Ϊ֤ԼĻ ٵһĹβͲݣֻһΣʶĲݸĴ̣ÿһë˳һ紵ˣ
βͲһɨ ȻϵɻҲ΢΢ҡϸϸĻð ˵ ֻһ̣ͿŮ۾
ӴѹӺŮɢһȼգ ߻ƿͷ ·һ̣ ǴԽС˲û
˾պվһ
ǣ˲䣬д˼֡ͬʱֻ֣۳ڵĽӰӿɷûѸӵļ򣬰塣˿̵߻ұаƣ黯
µɻݣٿήһشغڻҡ
Ůӵѹ֮ʱ˾պٴʾߡ
ûбڻþ֮С൱ͨأʱ˳ȥ
ŮӵôһСùңҵࡣ뿪ǲǵҲڣ
ˣĽܲŶѿ˾պͨϵĺս⽣ǿҪȫջ÷ѵϾһʶгƬһǳһɻ껨Ϊ̫ȥˡ
Σ
סӴѹֻ˶ףǵصѹЩһűǣһֽƬҪǿװ׶ֱһϢûס˲䱻
ôأٵ࣬Ҳ˾պٴˣӣǿյнܻٵݺҲܻٵԼԪشս뽫Լг˿ô
ֽƬμһϸϸǰ㿴˾պɻдˣдܶܶҸĹ£ĵʱ򣬿쿴
ģǰЩѪͻʱ򣬶ûôˡ
ŬЦΪ𰡣ĺ𡣡
ŮӿżԼ˾պ
һƣԨħ
εһ룬ȴ񣬱ɫ۾ƲŰȻһǻһػ
֪ܲԼʲôӣȴʼռǵãλһߡ
»˻ξƺͷľˮ졣
εҲǲԣһ磬ûʲôԿֻһָ˾պܿƲסԼˡ
ע⵽˾պӶɷ붼û룬ֱֱס
ɷܹʴԪ񣬱˲䣬壬۵˻һȻۣʼûɿ֡
Ůʣ𣿡
λЦŴ𣺡ۣѪͻʱ⻹ۣҶϰˡ˾պͷż⣬۾
ֻơа۾
ӡʱǸ¾顢ѪȺɷгǧħ΢΢һϼҲź
ݵĿһɻ껨ߵεĽ棬ʾԼժ¡
ժ˻̷ŵ˾պϣȶԪ񣬺ܿ죬˾պָΨЩ
£ʼ취д
д档µݹһƬꡣ
˾պʼдԱߣʱʱԴȥ͵ϳ˾պһдһϧд̫죬ø죬д˻ۣ˶ˡ
˾պʶһ飬Ա
һߵӣһ߿дſֳ첱ӵƣǣ˾պֻܼ
£档
ӻأ⻰ѭȥʣ˭
Ƴͷд˾պһȻдٴߵŶᷢ٣ͬĽᡭ
ƽʱûɲͦ
ѿڶ˾պҶûء
ֱضźŮӡ;ˣ
Цã̲סȾʱСĸǺһĿڸԼ˳һ˵ûû
˾պĿһʣ㣬벻棿
ʲô

˲ˣ˵ҡҡҡеģడʲôǰġ
Ҳұ֤
δյ˾պԱҧ䣬Ҳţ϶͵ġ
˾պ䷢̣һ£Цмִȥ֮󣬿ҪȺܾòлᡣǰһԪѡ
붺˵ԼŮԵΣ浽һ˭ÿ졣
̾˿ĵɵѽǺܿҪ˰ɣѲɣĲ𣿡
԰µҪͷôһ־ã
˾պ
ʲôʯͷԼĽ𣿱٩һ½㣬˸õ
˵ҪھԣȻҪ˶þͻ˹
Թͷ֪ʲô׵뷨
ΣҾԲ
˾պֱӶ죬ҧһ˵ˣһüд
̾˿
һ̾˿
̾
˾պ
ˣ޲ðϣƨɡ
¸ԶЩں۾Ⱦƣһڣƺ;ֱѴ૵ʵҲ𡣡ǿ飬סˡ
ã㲻̾ˣĿڻϣۣǸħͷôĺô𣿡γ˾պӣҪ۵ġ
׼⾵ΪŮħͷһĻᣬŮħͷ󣬵֪⾵еĽһͻ᳹ʧΪ˼סŮħͷ壬𣿡д˵Ĺ£ʡ
ǰϲƽЩá

û˭ǻˣǰΪĶˡ
Σһ㱾ϵ½ľ䵽½֮󣬾ǧķ紵ʧȥ˼ȥħҲĴ
˱˵ĻϺŵĺŮͻȻһ𾪵صʲôʲô
һԾ䵽κ˾պߣϸ˵˵ʲô
ţһץסε󣬡ѪѺĺαһֱδϲ׽Ϣ˾պĻͷ಻ͷԣմȾһѪ
ϾצӶûֻһǡ
Ρ
ײϹŴ˵


120 ؼ
νԼĻ潲
 ЩĶԻҲһһһ顣ĸɰͰ͵ģΪԼ޷ЩسĻļ˵֮ Ϳ˾պĬһԵĺ½㣬 ۿ
۽ᣬӨ͸
Ů૵ԭ˵ġ
 ʣ֪ؾ Ϊζ𣿡
ҡͷ
ŮӵϽʿ޷½磬 и֮ģ ԣܶƷԾùʿŻڱǰȥӣԼ֮У˳ʣ˻࣬ΪĽṩ
Ѫ⡢ؾѧ ڸ½
ЦЦ˭ԺŶڿ֮ǰ ҲþӵĿء
Ȼ ҲһЩԵɺ׹ӵ⣬֣εĽ棬 ˮʱ һЩȪ ǡʱ֮УӻʱͱһغУִ̫ǿҲпࡣһ㶼Ǵ࣬ҲܻȽա
󣬺Ůͷ죬Ŀƴ͸Ļȥ˸Զĵط
ҲĴ˵Ⱥȥӵײ㣬ûû飬ǵܶĿѺĥʲôûУôص˼ң
ԣЩˣ͵˳һֱһֱ¡Ů˵ͻȻǰؾһҪ˳һֱ£Ѫ֮Ϊ̾һ·ǻؼҡ
æȥ½㣬ҡҲǾѽ
žϹƣ˵ԴͷϵˣϲﶪǸ걮û׼ıأεײ㶼ûлٻıȻˡ̾һµĶɽԪ񣬾ӵеʵǺܿǸ屦
ҾϣŮֱȥԣ׵õϿӴ̾˿ϽλαǸ߸ϵĴڣȻұ¶Ϣˡ
˵֣ͷϵķ٣˵ҲǵСѽܿˡ
Ա˾պĿ⣬ߵķٶһѣɿ֣տ˵ΪǶ
䣬ֻغһԪĲҡ̾ϢһεصǸҶΪ޷֪˭޷뿪࣬ȥƿν顣
ΣѾ뵽ӦԵİ취ǿԾȵģܿĵҡ˾պ֣ûϽööѽƳҳҲúˣǶ˶͵͵£Ǹͱˣ϶ܵͷ
һ˳˳ؾȳ˾պҡҡţӯҺÿİ
˾պָţ΢̧°͸ͷϣһѹϣֹסϲĶ
°ͷ£˾պ˵ҲǡСĶͷҲܿġ
ϻкŮĻơ
֮ͮ£ü۸ᣬǰˡ
Ůٴ䴽ǣͷһۣݺҩϵİŮӣǳС
ѡĵǼ˹ھҾͽȡǡŮӻ˻ľƣӦõġ
˾պ⻰ֱ£ؼд£һΣдʵСͷβںǰǾǣԺÿһܺƣЦúϲ£졣
Ϊдø࣬˾պûм
ҲûźŮ죬ǰ֣˵𣿡
ŮӣŶҽ£û˵𣿡
Եüѩɵʱ򣬽£üǰɡ
νԼ֣ҵ˵˯һٲ߶˿·˸컻ƵΡԣҾͽ
£Ѫ϶ܴҲӦü㣬ǧɺϴһ𣬲˵Ѫںϵ㡣뵮ºܼѵģؼˡ
ȵݳʱһҪŬߴ֪Ǹ˻νǿߣһֱϣƴȫߣܱߴ˿ԸҲס
磬ֻߵǸ߶ȣҪԸҲܼѲ𣿵˾иΪܰ½˹Ͻܷͦģһϼ򵥣ء
ԣЩ壬һ·ʱЩʲô˿̶롣ضǣǡľ޴ĥɡ
μ½䣬룬ʣЩѡԭĻ
ˮĻϿԿξͲ֪Щˡ
أ󣬡ŵδҲһϲʱ㡢ӣʦˮȻĿҲϲŵҲôʯûң𨡢ӥצ̫ϳϣԶ֮
ǰһ֣˾պûӦԶ֮ʱһ̧ͷĿƣȻθоҲ̧ͷʱɷ̻Զ֮С
ΣΪʲô
˾պ
ѪҲ֪ΪҪá
Զ̫֮ˡ
죬ϲ
һӵؿ˾պЩʲôдȥ˾պһٺ˳½졣
õǸޣŶ֮ǰǸ浡
Σѡ𣿡
ţѾ˹ɹתһ죬ҽг
ոһ浸ۣ͸оԼ岻ܿƵշһ̣䵽һƬݺϣǰرʦ㡣
浣ʦ㣡
һ˽ܴеõĻһЩøϴҾûӮԶ֮ԣһ÷ԭһȥǣֻһνʱټһС
ΪƬСƴȫҲʲô
һ̣浾̾˿ûн걦
£
ô걦һ˵һһͲˣܳɹĹؼϵѾһ֣ߣ֮С
ײ㣬˳˵أû;ͳɢѾˡ
ΣԺͲҵ𣿡
浣ްұޣһֿ
ζˣͷ˾պǽ
۾һ뷨̫ףܿܰ˴ȥ
Ȼһ˵˾պǽ͵Ǳϣֳһö˾պ𺳣΢ʣʦ㣬һ£βܽ飬Ǹӣ
Σ
ܣҪ׼һ


121 
ܿ죬 ½½˵ݺǵӦǴ󣬲һһ߹ͻȻͳ˲ݺ롣
˶ͦ£ ϱḻúܡ
ͽҲˣһ Ȼ£о˵ϵɻݡ
϶жĶˡ
ʩ˸磬 ڵһСط˸
һֱƱѣԪڰһУ ˣ ؾҲһЩ͸Ķ
Σ²Ҫʼ𣿡
Ҷۡ
ҶпűԴ飬 ӣϽ걦ֱܹκϢܿѾϳµ̦ɻݡ
ͬҲɻݵĻԽҶĶ
µ̦ ֹǲҪ͸û˻ⶾܲܵݣøƲ£
û뵽ʱ ͻȻˣ ѡʿѼ˹ھһУҩɳһžӨ͸ӣ䵽峿ҶƬϵһγ¶
۾ֱˡ
Ȼ ؿ¶˾պ
ֻ˾պ΢ͷ Ө͸ˮüģ һֳֺ̣˾պ񣬳һ̾Ҫ𻯵ɡ
һΣҸԶ֮һΡ
Ȼɫ񣬵Ȼع붯ֵʱӶ֪˾պĶȥˡ࣬ܲȥͲ鸮ˣ
ؼǣҲ򲻹˾պɢĽ⣬Ѿоѹȣ˿̵ⶼ
½ǰޣܷʲôˣֻٴ
תͷΣʦ㡣
ΰο´Σ´Ŷ
浣ȻʲôˣмûһޣҳȥȻǵðѡ׳ĽޣҸ˵мͬʦֵܶܲء
ΣġúܼŶԣʱ򣬲֪ΪΣȻеĪСˡ
κͬʱһ£ƺо˺󱳷
¹ЦЦЦţһЩ˵С£ȥ
˵գһӣʿɨ
գۼ䣬ݺϾͱÿտյ
²Ͱ²ʧ
ؼ䣬ʣһվ룬ؿЩ緭ɵĺ꣬һһĹ£һûдꡭ
ͷ͹һھƣ
ţƺصڲݺ֮ϡ޲֮·ˣ
ƺˤķѣͬʱл𣬺ܿ죬ݺһƬɫ
˳ȹӣ𽥽û
һţһŻǣȼյ࣬ϣԴͷ
ζ
ȴû˵һδ˾ߵĺˣǻʲôΪ֪Լܲ
Ѿײ㣬Ѿ΢΢ˡ
Դͷһӡӣ񷣬ƺν棬ȴҲ㣬δɼȻ˵ģǰӣҲġ
ǣײǿӣˣҵˡ
ܣǿӵˣҲ뵽ǻôôԶĵطûԪֻʣ²
ԣӦֻ֪ǣһ롣
һأ԰ɣһǸء
¾ǸΨһ
ҲΪǸһ
ôõǿѽ
ܵ԰ΪƴһþۼõһƬɻݣˣ϶Ըͺܶࡢܶɻ껨
ĻڱϣʶģγɵҲԽԽ
ΰɡ
ϲȥ
²ģٸһЩٷɸһЩ
Ȼ͸һнչ⣬֧ţһǳ
Ȼһ
ʱĿڵȥ£¶ͷġ
һӿ꣬·¸ܵǸˡˮ֮˭ӵ绳ůģ
糱ˮӿЩνƽԭҲѤõ̻һڼĿ̺ۣδ
һ߹ĺϡµĻݡΪüĺɰ
½һйƽƽ˴Ŀڵļ⵶
ȻĿڷõӣҲһеҩ
£Ҵ𣿡
δشȴо˲Ƶøӵ
һʱѵƽȥתתɽѩн硢׺𺣡㶼᲻һصĻݣ˵ȥʮ꣬Ļչô죡
Цǰƽƽ˭룬󣬾һ춯صĴ£
ԣһҪɹ
ůϢϣ·ԪϹһƬɫҶһ𣬳˸ߴȥǸΨһġײˡ
ϣ·ҳȲ۶ԴҲ
ֻҪȼһ͹ˡ

࣬һ˲䣬Լ׹ء
æΪΣءûõʲôܾþʮ㣬ʧѪô඼ˡ
ܷǵĲľЩɵۣȥãôɭ֣СԺأӶľˣݣ
ǵһģʱ˾պҲ뿪ǰλãԶ֮Զ֮״̬ǺܺãЩûվȣֳ񴲱ߡ
˾պöࡣ
룬첽ߵԶ֮Աߡ
˾պĿ΢ݣ˰ӷŵԶ֮󣬡ǲǺۣϢһɡ
Ȱӷºֳ˹˾պôˣ
˾պͷǵá
ηˡٵطӺ½ǵõѶϢø˸ͷԶ֮͵˾պҶǽ࣬ʱпܱ۲죬֮󣬾Ҫǰἰ̫ࡣ
ΰ£˾պʱüȥƲˡ
˾պ΢΢ף˵㣬鸮ʱһ˵ħͷҲӰ첻ʲôҶ۸ƲңҲûŮ޾尡
϶
Σ˵
˵е롣
ӻ֣ȥɡ
Զ֮΢΢üû˵
ȸ˾պͳѶʱ
ʱˮ֪ĵԺ˯һʹ¿ˮ㵱ʱѪһأںˣȻöֲ죬Ҹչ˿תͷͱֲΧˣûض˯
æڵ£˵żڻȱܷݵ˰ҵΪҳ⣬δɹܿĳзһɣһкü
ΪСزֹһ
ͿԽͣΪεĳҶڼзԲŻᡭ
һ뵽Щξ;ʱӽȣ
˭ܷ
ʱʱ𣿡
ʱ
еΪè˹
ʱԶ֮걮ˡʶǿ󣬻а˽֪һС
ʲô
һһٵࡢ顣


122 ԪӤ
顣
Զ֮ϣ һָֻ񴲴ңָһûһµû񴲣еϴǸ࣬ ȫգǴн Ըˡֱѣδš
˵ üͷ΢΢һ̣һƬСҶð 󴦣 ƨɵꡣ
Զ֮һֹסˡ
ſİ˽ǣ̫ӲŲۣ
Զ֮û ָϰһ£ָ⻹ܴһѪζܺã󲿷ֵѪգû˷ѵ
֪ǰ鶼ࡣʱͣǡøӣԲȥ˽⣬ Σǰ̫ܿ࣬С ʱ
Զֻܼ֮ͣǧһΣ ϰٴΣÿһξϸأ¼ȫ δֱֹѵ
ҲǵһѵԪڡ
ѣ ԪȻ档࣬ һӡ
Զ֮Σ˵һɣΪЩʲôȻ㣬Ȼûаյ¡
֪ѣҲЩģ뷨Զָ֮۵½϶ˣ
ɺ½Ҳ˵УֻһԪ񣬺ܶ¶ΪԣͻȻж˴У˸ϳ࣬ţ֮ѡ
һ𣬽Զ׼
֪ʲô
ȻһΪʲô
Զ֮ȡһ׵ľƺƱԸ˽ΪҵƺԶ֮Ʊһ¡
νӹƱ˵½㡣
ʱ˯ѣӦЩҲƱһ¡
صĺڰʱģΪһƬڵ
֮⣬ǹ⡣
ʱһڸ꣬漴һˮܵһ۾һ̽վƱȥڲŸոնɽ٣ʮǧɾƺȣҸоָһСξ룬ԥصǧ
Զ֮ƳһۣȾƾܷҲͷˡ
ҲǱơ
ƸպȵĲͬرŨһŻ
ţĳˢ֫ٺЩŵٶ³ϴøɸɾ·ˮСϪؽխĺӵؿ
ĹβͲԼ˹һβͣɨε
˾ƣƮźƣһ˫۾΢ʪУ峿ĺ棬繡
ʱˡ
£ͷٴγҶڶԪӤ١
ֵʱҶڶԪӤ١ɱСصطԵö࣬ûаֱӰ˸˽ȥ񶪳ɲͼɽˡ
ֻ˿̣¡¡ȴɫ硣
屾ӵԶ֮õĶ󷨣ϱֲĸǣԼǶ俰ɱİĴڣ޷̽壬ԸҲ谭
񣬽ƾۣͷϷ綼Ʋˡ
ʱŶһ棬棬Ǻ˰ɡ֮ǰҲһԪӤ׽٣һ˵Ҳף˼˼еĻֻһûˡ
ҶãԽԽãԽ࣬˵ǱԽ㵽켵ʣһסЩѹͨ˸ѵĿ飬ɾͻߡ
˵֮ףһ⻮Ļնһ¡
±ϣһòԴɡ
Ҷ۾ס׽ٿ飬ɹͻԪӤڣ
ʱȴ䵽˹βͲϡ
Ŷ顣
ȻͷЩΣ֮Ѿϰ飬öӣ䶼ȻȻĳɹ
ɹζϲ٣ֱһ̴ëףǳ˸ϸõСǡԭһȹɢűճģ֮󣬽ǶСβ͵Щ׺ֱԭǸοɰӡ
ܿ죬۳ɺ
ֲܵ׷׻ζ֦ѾҶƬҡɳɳ죬ʻʢױξɹ
Զ֮ŽҲ͵͵һɫġһ͸Ļ
뿪ֲסˣ
θоԼĺߴƸ֣ʹνϣͷһΣֱͱǲȥ˸ߵء
ԪӤڣҲԪӤˣ
һСβͲݾЩӤΣյıԵ̽ͣһ
һΣСβ˳ǵһ𵽴µأǻҪһԪӤڵ׽٣Ψо״Żȹ
Զ֮״ѣɽ٣׽ʱܴȶ׽֮СѰ磬׽ֱӣ
ڰ˰˵Ƶۣ̫׽ʱͷֻøݡЩ;˽ø
ΧЩֲҲܰ׽١
Σ֪ˣ㳷ɣ
Զ֮ͷ񴲣룬ð˽Ǹ̡߰
硣˦ҩ˷¡
һ˲㽫ɽһϢڸǣȷһʧ֮Զ֮Ѹٳȥ硣
ζ˶񣬿ٽѧֲһ顣
ʩչ˸Ҷ̣ͷϷγһƬ޴ҶԵֵ
ʩչͷʹ¡һ죬ţ衣ֲûʩչκηֵ췣ֻǷïҶѵ֮ˮٵÿú󣬲һƮƮ׹ҶϣһžӨ͸ӣҶϹع
δδˮҶϵ
Ҷ£ͷ졣ط֣ˣʲôСѽ
Ҷ֮ϣܿһǳĺչΣܼɢӰ
Ҷ۵ĽӤ澰ûʧҵԪӤپѾ
θϿʶӣԼϢƽȣؿתԳСء
ԪӤ𵤾
ԳأѭϢ˵ԪӤںҲȫȲʱģսԱȵͽʿ־á
תٶҲˡܿһתϣʶ˲䣬ͷĻϳһƬ
ǧ죬ⰻȻ
ѹҶ۵ʧô죬ԭǱĸ嵭ˡ
Զ֮࣬ʼղɰѩ಻ࡣ
Ļֲ׷׶ҶӣСӡ
˽ֻܽҶӱ󣬵ס˷Ĺɲ˾պ۸
˷ܰɽˣҲҪ֣
ʱأ
ͼһͷССӻдײ˴꣬ŷ׷Ļϸ߿գײƺ֮С
岻ͣҶóϣֵ࣬ࡣ
ͺƬصһ
ϧһĻ˿
ΪҶѬͷתΪ͵ģö඼ֱˣ
Щ죬
᲻ұҲܾѪ׳ˣ
סĳ嶯ŤͷԶ֮
Ƚ´˵
ʱһ쳹ģǰʺô


123 
ܽڵĶɽڽ޳Ц бʱһͷ˵ƨǸ޵ŭ Ƣúܣ޲һȥ ˰ɽͷ
ʱг˽
ŭӳ֮£ Űƣ ɱڣ
Ҫ һʦ 㵹ȥҩǰҩ֮ͲӰ졣˵ԪӤڵĴӣɫ࣬ſҪˡ
ڳǣڵɽɽǡҪȥͦ鷳Цȥʱ ڳڵӶһƬԼҵĶɽҲæЦʱҲûôˡ
Ͼ޲𹥻 ǰЩʿ
̫ϳӣλѲҪż ڰⶾʱܣȥζ ǰиͻˣ Ҳֲ֪ʦ ǲľ飬һͻֲȿֺؿ⣬˭ҲƲסƲס
ΪǸʹձڵе̣һƾۡ
ЦϨתȥԼҵӳŲɹˡ޴󶼱Ƚ׬ʯȫڽϣʡһһ
ϻڵǿ߷ӦʱģζɲǱ÷ԼɽͷǰԲѬ죬Ǽֱǵġ
ֻ߽װζ뷨òϢˣǸǡ
ˣ
ӣǮ

ζ֮ʱڵͿڵŰݷس
Ѫܴٽֲױ죬ǰҲ˽⡣ֲ֪ǰע⵽ûͿسһΪӣѹͷãȻʶ޷̽޶ֲ仯ĸӦģڣڵ춼庿˵Ǳкζ
ڳŵĿţŽصĽ磬塣嵽ײʲôأ
Ϳԭ˵سȤκϷسޱ飬絶޷ֻѸȫгʱǡþèǿѪӣɽϢһɣѪ
ǰֲܵõѪֱһ硣
£ͼǰһ׹⣬ţϾʹǱһ˲θһơ
ҩξسıֲϲˣϰװۣԴС컨ἸСӣȥӰȥٵġð͸Ϳһƣǰɣӽ׸ɶϵһϺζʿˡ
Ϳ԰׵϶˼޺ۣ˲ģǰ˼
س̧ƤС˲β£Ϸ̲ܽϡûˣҲûҪѵԼֲ˼
Ϳһױãջǵˡ
ճţͿŵһɶЩιȥһ̣Ϊسںܿ췴ӦֲϢ
ڣسѸȡһ֦ȼ紵ζɽͷʱζѸȼ˰ص㣬ʲô춼ǶܣΪǸľ飿
һֲĲľ飬Ӱ쵽㣿˵ͷбĶ
ҩΣôƯŮޣңѵװ۵ϰײ˰ҡ
سһ飺ڸ˵ģҪͼɻȥ
ҩΣҲû˵İضŲ룬дҺΣһå
ֲҪˣֲʦΪᱩسͺΪ澭κڡ
سƽʱ㲻ã
ҩģʶֽסһ磬䵽ʱЩ
ҩΣȻðùãЩҲ˵İɣŮʱ򣬻ʶҿأԣһеԼˣ
˵꣬˲ĵһţͷϺʧ
سǳ׵űˡ
ȻֲʦͲֲ̫ܶáˣԼȥɣһܴӰ̵ʲôԵء
ڵ֣Ǻǣֱǲֲ

ϣ´򿪡
λûܱһ£СڿתȻ޸뵽뿪ǰŵѪξ;ñҲһʱˡ
ѪôóȻѪѣѹ˱ĳ嶯
֪½ΪƬصЩʲô
ǻ˸жȴܽϣڱϡ
ÿԼ
ȹ̺¡
Զ֮Ҽ᳢ͻƷ١
˵꣬ʱ˿
´ҰϣԼϣԸŬŸոնɽ٣ôܷм䶼һ󾳽硣
λڵеᣬ˵ʹڴԲˣһ֮ң
Զ֮һ£ֻвɰաܲݣ˵
һὫѪԶᡣ
ʱѪʱǶˡ˿˿֮ʱ콦ѪǱʰһ£ʣһѪͳƿװʱ򣬴ϵѪʧˡ
˺þõ񴲣ϧҲ֪ʲôɣһɽڣӲ
Զ֮ѪѱգЩѪҶáΣְ󷨰ɡ
ͷ㾡ȥá
ʶǿķ࣬ЩƷЧԣȲڸ
ѾԪӤڣԪӤϽˡ
ֿʱһ𡣡
ʱûģֱһڴӦ
УͨɱͷǿԪ񡣽ʱ䣬ڸת۾͹ȥ˰¡
գηС鲻תҲоԼ棬ʮ㡣
˾պûš
ʱҲո˯ѡ
ҲڣԶ֮Ҳڰ˽ǵĴҶϣ΢ЦؿվڿյĵŮ
ϴģ˵˾պȹӣȹɫɫ
˿̣ǳϣ˵еš
ΣҪʼˣ
վԶ֮󣬴δԼȻô
ֻ˵ҪʼʱĿ̴Զ֮ƿѸͳӰʯ׼κţ׼ˣ
Σ
ұ㻹׼ã
Σʱֻм߳·׹أСС
·γʱСһڿգڵƬϷ𵭵âԴˣΪ̫ա
ܿ죬Сſ죬һ̫
Ƭ䣬䴦ðϸϸСצţưһƤƬצƿڴ䣬һͷɫСӺɫ˳úܼѣһһðӶڷ
Ѫȼյʹÿһھѽʱᾭ
۵һɲǣֻǰһƬ׹ըʲôˡ
ֻ޷κζͼʶҲƱǿ䣬
ϵļϡɽΪĶˣʱȲѣ׷׿ѯʣ˿˿㵽ôˣ
ΨһӰķ˾պʶǴƬƬĺڰЩͶܽڰݻ١
ܿС϶Ȼ⣬һһۡ
Ѳɣǽ׺Ѫ
ɽڵǿߣᱻȻǿϹۡ
ǡͦʺ
δɵƤڳ˷ܵڿҷɡ
âҲܹٴһƯǣĸצӵС˶˷ܲѣ׷ֱʾ
ʱ˿˿һ£
˾պֱۣʾԼϲ᣺㡣
ͬˣԶ̧֣֮ﻹתżرÿʯͷ
һΪѡ
ѡ˭أ
գһͷ˼κˡ


124 ؾ
ɹѵֱ˿ӳ
Σ ֻôһ
ͺ񣬺ò׳ˣͻȻ̣ һһͺѪӰ죬оֹһЩ
塢ʵǸɡ
Լûʲô ˾պЩԣûס˿˿ ڡǳɳڣ
ǣ㶼ˡ
εˣ ǳɫȹ ·һ»ȹժǳ׺ƱΪ˿ ɴ
ʱع㣬һ٣޷ƿߡ
һ죬͡
ܽ˿߱ϣһЦã ֪Ǻá
Σʲôڡɳڡ
˾պգۣǡ
顢ѽ
˿۾⼸֣ ˲ʲôͷ ȷ
ˡ
µ֣ǵиɳ˵ɡ
˾պ㣬˵
˵Ͳ˵ αȥ ±С ʼϰ츳ͨ
ʱѵè츳ͨĿǰ츳ͨǹʶĿӵѪ͵ĶԴһƬעĿĹӰѹǸ߹ʥġ
ΪĶԼ߹⣡
һ۾ע⵽ǣһֹԲá߲֮С
ͨʶĿʩչΧʧʶҲܵӰ죬ҫǿʱɽڶԵֵ
ڹؼʱ̿Ťתս֣Ҳˣöϰϰȡշ磬ڶԵʱܸݶʵƹҫÿþһԸԪӤҲʹ˶ɽڵľȻͣЪü졣
ʶҫÿһ죬ζжɹÿ۵þƣչ̫ԡ
ΪԪӤڣʶԺһЩʶԭԪӤڣ񿰿ͻƳϡ
ȻҲϺͶɽ٣֮·һǵʱǰǳˣ˾һͻ˶ɽڣмꡣ
ʱԶ֮취걮ᵽ˰壬ԭ˸Ĳ걮Ӱ콾ʶ
ʾûµ֣ʱҲ˹ע
ÿ춼һ걮ȥûгһ¶Ѫ걮
ֻʵʵԪǿˡ
һ磬΢䡣
һ죬·һˮӸ߿׹䣬һεˮھڡ˵ʶ
ÿһ˶Уͣͷͷա
һ֮ʱɽϱ˸Уһֻյ۾ڣֻ۾ˡ
۾һƬɫɫͫŵµܿܿ
ؾŵ̳¶ˣպ󣬵ؽססƽڣɢ룬סµʿܽ룬ߣ޷ӡ
ؾȻҪˣ
ô죡
βž࣬ǰʱ䲻¶ѡ
ɫױΪī֮ǰһóĻͻؾ֮УҲ޷ء
֪صķ𣿽ؾûЯ£ˮ顣
ҪɣΪҪľھǸĹؼϣû㣬ؾܶණһСմˮͻͷ
ؾ֮Укܶơ˵ؾˮͻֱӵؾɥʧؾԴʸ
ƫƫˮؾطˮĵرҲˮС
ǣܹ֤ˮ쳣
ڣҲŵĵܱ֤˽һ飬ŵĵУɢޣųɾŶûС
˭ϵ࣬ΪԼҵȥȪԣҪģס𣡡
˱ܴȥỵģ˷ѣҩܴ˵أѵҩƿó
ǽǽύŵֲʦҲ԰˵ϰٴˣôͲأ
㿴˺ϻڵĵӣŵĽһˡڰģȻܽȺˡ
ŶڶԼҵӣҲ⡣
ĳؽ꣬Ҷʣλʦãôʱδ¶棿ͬڣԵȻ˿˿ڶû¶棬ʵǹһЩ
֪ΪΣҶ۶йټһֱÿᵽǸˣԼʣͺеĵһ㡣
Լֱ
һǰһӤ
걮ǿҲΪ
һңңȵĵһˣȻи˽ʱв
Ǹˣɽǿ
ӣʱˮ֪ԼһŴηĹڼҫ۵Ĵڡ
ֻʽͨɽĿ飬Ϊ˴ɽ֮󣬲ܳ׸Ǹ˿˿ˡ
Ҷа¾ؾȥܴɽĴп顣
ǰôڻеӵĵʣʱ䡣
ֻܵʦ˵ڶ򣬻΢һ
Ŷ򰡡
ڵȻ
״̬ѵãȷʵܴϡ
Ҷۣǣ
Űڰ֣õؾڡһһǸ˻Ե
ǰܴϣǧһεĻԵݴ˭ͣˣֻϣܸؾǰ״̬ʱˡ
ϣεȷߡ
û򣬶ĹβͲݡ
ֲ׺Ҳӵ糣ӣʦնˡڿޣʦˡ
βͲô֮ǰǲľ飬ܹõľĺøСδʱǽɨãɨصʱ˵ʱࡣ
Ҳ֪β͵츳ʲôΪԵʣƫĻؾܰϸ࣬ҲڵȹβͲݶ
βͲݶʱԶ֮ڸκ˾պؾע
Ҫǽ˾պ
Ȼö棬ʵڲָͻȻؿȥ١
ȵ֪Щȫ꣬Զ֮ʣʲôҪʵ𣿡
ʣԶ֮Ĳȥ𣿡
Զ֮
ؾڣҵ壬ڡѿͷˮһ壬Զ֮Լֱӱ顣
ΣҪͷаָô죿
ôãͷеĻһ
еģҵĻϡ
Ҫһ㣡ظ֤϶аָİ취
Զ֮ƿĿ⣺š
˾պͳõĴ멣ϣϵá
Σһ䡢˾պ䡣
ôأ
ֻܹԹϰ


125 
ʱ ɽϷ䡢һâùᴩ
мһβĽ νؾڣΪš
ŵʿηڡ
ʱ εĹβͲݲŴӶ״̬Ȼ һȷˣ𵤵϶ԹβݵĽͣ Сβ˵Ҳ֡
˵βݣ ɾͲʢ Ŀ
ԣСβͿˡ
ΣҸϹ˵۾Сβ͸ơֵͦģһɱһ
˾պ˵ʱ޲𹥻ܵ˻Լ˶УСβ ǲ
Сβ͵ĵڶ츳еˣΪͨĹβݷֳͼǿڣ Сβ͵ӿ ˵һע⣬ͻᱻβͲ˿ӣ   ϳһβͲһβͲݳ׳죬ξͨǸβͲݶݿУȻĹβ̣಻һӡ
Сβ͵˶Ĭˡ
еаŰһ£˵ʩչǿ
ʵʵʩչ˼
ȻΪ߹ԼģСβ͵޷׿Ȼ͵͵Ǳ硣
ڳΨһеľǰ𨡣Ϊߣûʸõ㡣
û㣬ʵȥĻԵȺɢһͬڣûʲôȤڳֵ޷԰Σ᲻ԼźЩݡ
𨣺û֮УʶҲʧĪʧһʿ˵Ѿʮֿµˡ
˳ˣָŰĺ׵
ͼһ̵Ĺβݣէһͦɰġ
𨣺𣿡Լûʶͷ϶˶ʶôֵı仯
ȥ
Զ֮ɱеˣ˻ܿͷϵĹβͲݡ㳢Կһ
α˵¡
Ӧ¡ξúֺ˼ȥ˱ʱĸ첲
һ֡ʵеʱΪʱǰѽӽˣɢɢģüвزסķ񣬿˵ʱɱ֡
ʱбһۣ뱧Լָӱ˱ʲô
æȥסʱ֡
ѯʰĸܣǺãȻ岻ܿˣ뷴Ҳˡ֪ԼԾŪԭ
Զֵ֮ڣٵҸڵԡؾʿռһ˾պ˾պֱҡͷӽҵھͻ
Сβͷ˿˿Թˣȥ˿˿һʼԾԾ˾պأ
Զ֮Ҫˣӣ˵ˡ
ӣָָͷ
ŷӦһֱͷϵĹβݡʲôʱҾģҾȻûܲ
Σ۲ʱѽӣʦǳڣʵҲᣬŵδͻƳϣΪڳΨһԪӤڣֻˣԼΣ֮ʱȥˡ
ϼĹβݺСβһҶƬ˲
æʣ𣿡
СβͣǱһ£ҲǺۡ
Χֲ׷ҡ֦ҶҲ˺ðɣȻôŮ
ƺֲܵ
˾պֲڵĵùﲻ
ӣСβ͵ӣȻܴ͸磬ϵģôȥģ
Сβͣûо簡
Զ֮ӣһ֮ˣܹһнϹ޸ޡӦþѪΣ˵Ϊû
㶣۾һҪܾǵĴ˰ɡ
ҲԶ֮Ĵﱦ϶ܶ࣬һ
Զ֮ΪλѹʶĿˣԼҪ
괢ͷһξѣȻ
ӣͷϵĹβʧܽΪߵģûзʱҲϢͻֻ֣ܺܿ췢쳣ֱϹβݣ޷Уֻ͵һΪģڣβڰͷһӣɵ
ʳȥĶˣ
СβͣصˣҿԶἸأ
һ˰ʱνСβ͵γŪ׺ǲŽ͵¶ˡ
ȵ˶ѽȥʱõģ¶ҵ
żϻ𣬿ǹôô

κ˾պţ˴ĶûķƷΣûߡ
ؾڣһЩֵֹĹ
磬˱ãȥķ޷סӵѹȥͻ٣Ҳû취ʹôѶλȵȣȥ֮ܲͬȫ
ҩҲãǲҩЯʦȥ󣬿Լı
ãܲסѹûĶȴֲӰ죬ˣڽؾ֮ǰ˶ôûķƷ֮ͻ飬¿ɴξء
Ǹ󷨣ȥÿ˳ֵλöһ
Խźǰһãһ̣ͳƺ֮С
ȥããƺϲʶҲ޷ƺͷΨһܿɫԶһƬâǽһƲ֮󣬽ƶȾ˲ýɫ
ϵȻģĴ˿󣬽ż̽Եԭز˲ȡ


ûʩչôվͷأ
ȼº½ţû뵽һȥֱӲȳ˸ӣĽ׶˱ˮС
ע⵽Ʋ治գһƬʱͷһҪû㣬ǲǾѾ̭ˣ
ؾˮ顣
ǡǡãã֮С
ҮҵĽǺ
Ҵδ˹
θоԼֺסںĳ嶯ʶ̽̽µˮûобϢЬϣ˫쵽ˮΡ
ʿؾʱʵܳǰĹ꣬ʮꡣ
Ҳһ졣
ؾҲαӣʶһνҸȫĵطţ˾պ
нʯʯһԭϽ۷壬ͬ˾պһ֣˾պˣʯȻҲᱻų⡣
нʯָ˾պҵס
˵վѪø֮ĵױƭ
䲻ԼΪᱻƭڴҵǿҪ£ǴӦ
طͦȫģܳƺɶҲûУµˮҲûϢ
Ǿ˾պҹ


126 
ϣ ˮʱʱļˮ
˷ܾȥƽ ʼϸϸع۲ܣԽԽľ
Զ֮˵ ؾŨضޣ պͻԵ档η֣ڵĵطƺûϢ Χٵÿ ⵽ôأ
Ī˼£ ؾĽ͸ѪɳĮһ
뵽ˮĽŶͣ˶Ļ˾պܲ˳ҵδ֪֮Ҫǳȥɣ
ԥʱθоԼĽıʲôһ£ˮж ɷжڴŵף
οջؽţȵ˫ŸϺŷԼմһƬҶ
Ҷκ ԭر£ Ż˵һ³ˮУʧ
ʱ θо΢ ֻڣ ȻһˮʧӰ٣ۡʶȫ޷׽ټ
Сβ͵Ǹȥ

ƬҶ
ΣΪʲô
Сβ͵˵ˡΪֲʦ
ʣܿ𣿡
Сβҡͷ
ȥȥأ
ƣժһƣֵȷһţһװС
˽ûдһиСأͷСװ˴ź
ҶϢǿȽ鷳ǸĴڣΡ
ֻҪüв󣬾ΣգҲӦΪԵʣζؾҲкøСȻӦҪԹڰȫĵطȣʼվãӦùȥ
ҲģҲ£ؾʲôڰ嵱¡

ܣ
뺣Сβ͸ҶϢһ£·Ҳܿ㡣ƾƮںϣûˮڻһĶںڲŶԡ
ܿ죬ξ͸ожڴԼ֣ȥץʲôղס
ͳһƣžһ¸ȥͼһƬ̵ҶӣҶº󽥽ӦΧţסΣǰƮһΡ
Ҷǰ·ν棬һʼˮʩչ϶ԣԽ£ˮѹԽֻϻ塣ּǱúЩŲסˡ
ѳûܵѹּӾģһֱˣһգʱҲñû磬Щˣסʣµ
£ҲĻᱻ˿ˡ
ζٶȾͿ࣬ҶԸģҲɵøһЩֹãҶͣ
ǰһƬڣʲô
˵ǰһξ룬Ҷָλãʲôû
Ӱεģ
һţʼš
ܿ죬Ÿ֮£˴ĸø롣һǸξ֪ȷˣĸ󲿷ַڸáһһŽ״ĸȻúءȥһ¸û뵽һǽظͻ˻ҡ
⣬»ˡ
ǳӣʦ
ģҲǿûûĸԳԾȥ
ӰΣƲ㸲ǣҲ
ֻһţһңĸӴ󵽲˼飬ûãξ۵ðϢһڼ䣬ƬҶһֱͷϣʱʱǡ
֪ȥãξϲصˣ
ҵһػŵ
ŽСؽ£ʩԴ绯ֲõķˣ̽ԼСԱߡ
ҶˣܻܲͿԼ
ȥСβ͵˵µСܲܲҪߣ
ηӦ͵ŶҲҪߣǷҶ׾ȻŴ죬㿴õҶиСء
Сβͣллǡ
ҡһͷصллң͸Ķг˾ǿΪʶŵر
ллܿͷ˵˵óʵж
ϴСˣ϶ؾĵͷߣȻˣҶܸ֪Ķɣ
һ·ϣƺ֮У͸λá
һڴӦ
ԭΣû뵽סĴһ͡
ܸоЩϴݺֱӻ˻ң˵ľԼ
ΣҿԼεġ
Сβ㶣ѽǶ㡣
Σ
ݣصٶȿ˲֪٣쵽мʱα㻯ΪΣκҶ˵Χ֮ڵ鶼ӰΣõı˷֣Ǳˣǿ϶Ըټ
ֻܼգ棬䵽ƺ֮ϡ
СβͣҶż𣿡
룬ô죬С￴һۣʱɴ۾
ͼСѾһһߵС磬ƬСҶ̿ɰµĸ뷢
αΣСóʣƺ𣿡
Թ˵ԭǿԶһЩɣˣڵһƬĵضֻǳں
ûϵҶĴ𸴣̾˿Ȼ֣Ҿˡ
˸С˽ȥ
ɲǣηǰͻȻ¶Ρ
ǰǴ׳ɣֱһ֧ؼľ޴ʯͷϿ
ö
ƬҶϵš
ȻһΣûţܿ
˹žһεĶͷϡ
Ҷײһʹȥȴ˸գͷϿտҲûʲôҶ
һ̣οૣ裡
ᣬ˲䣬һ춯صĺʶϷըţʶȴ̶һζʶʶڻûࡣ
й⻪תʶȻһ䣬˲ȥóš
ÿһƬҶ϶ۣɲˮ£ط򣬴ӶγԼͨ򡣡
ֻԪӤΪʱ޷ʿӵеͨҶʶҵʶһࡣ
ԪΪгϺڡʲô磬Թ֪
޳ָᰴѾɳ׻ΪʯͷĲϣл
ɣܹ֧ͷϵСأŻ᳹׻ɻҽ
ѹûˡ
Ϊ˶ϵСڣֻ
ܹطϸӦһ⽫صס
˱
ࡣ
ԺУѾһؾͼ
֮Ǵӵ·ȥ
ͷϿ΢΢üͷʶǿˣδӣΧϡָ
ܷɵȥ
ʱ߿ϳһСڵ
˾պ
Ȼˣ


127 
ο׹˾պ ΢Ц˵ˡ
࣬ʩչһ˾պһУžվԭصȴ û뵽е˾պһͣţ ٳķײ˹
ϡ٣϶ʡʡ źϵƶһ 㿪˾պ
ͼһײ ײԺ ˮ˵һ졣
ʪ͸˾պˮð˳ʱıûķƷĳ£˿̽ˮԱ͸ϣľšխʵһһʱ üɢһǿѹ
ѹ޹ء
˿־壬˻ѪҺȣ޹ģ ͣ͡
εۿɼı죬 ˵죬ǸҪһֱ˿񲻺͡Ȼ ȴʹ֣ ˾պɲǣ ֻϣգʵ۾ʣô£
һ仰ģ
˾պֿס粿ţͷ£ͷͷ
һ£͸оһʶԼ鸮ǣߵţӻ룺ԭ˾պҲ׽鸮ˣҵأôҲ°
ҲʱӲ˾պۿɼķ㣬ոˡ
վƺϣ΢ЦؿŴ
ʣƽȻͬ
Щɣȵֻʩ˸˾պһͷЩԾ
ſ˫ӣֻһ˷ܵش֡ѡ񸩳ʱҲɵɵؽסһȻûзǺԥ෽ÿٶȿԲ׽Ϊһء
ˣ˾պȷڵĽ⣡
ǲǱʲôˣؾ֮еĲ塣
ֱ鸮֮ȥͷ쳣ΨʶϷܹǵص˾պȷûб˶ᣬǵ˻ԵٴοǣҲ֪˻Եûб䳤ԣЩйϵ
ں˼Щʲôβص
㶼鸮ҪСǲĲѽ
鸮ڣ˵뷨ܱԷӦ˾պź֪ʶΪ̽Ƿ񱻶ᣬֱ鸮ܶʱȴΪһЩԭ򣬶ȥ¡
ܶϢܹʶõζ
鸮ɳӡкıǡ顢дƬƬķȴֲ֪һ
Լ˾պԼһƺɫ봳Ƭһơ
Щ޵ؼд˺ܶ࣬⻹ǵһΡ鸮ܶʱ򶼲˵̬κζֻҪ˴˵һ𣬾һĴ
˾պƮ˹ȥ
ﺣʱӺˮпԼںӰҲʱһƬ⣬ˮ䵽ϣսǿ򶨣סΡԾˮɲǣС
Σ
ԭռλ֮ǰ̰һţ˾պУһ꽻ھΪȣƾȻΪֱӽС
£ײͱһ޻һƶһᣬ׵͸ʲһ
޾ĺڰܵ˱Ͷ¯ʱȡԼӽˮеı䡣
Щ˾պļ䣬ξĿѣ񴫵ݸĲǼƬеһ˿һƣɵļڣСƮеûϵʹȴҲᡣ
ȣ·ҲڱĴ˸ָ״
£鲼Ϣ
ʲôˣһƬհףֻһ˵øб鲼ȫڳˮУˮ䣬ϵߴȵסÿһ䣬Ϊһηɵøߡ
Ͻڣץס
õĽɫʶըһ̣εʶڴڵش
鸮ޣȻܲסԴԴϵĴֱ̼ӵ鸮
ͺܶ
ξԼˣǿҵ߳˾պ鸮һһسӣȻڳһ㣬ֻſ죬ָͷ붯
Ŷˣ֮ǰվŵģΪѾϡ˾պĸ첲Էϡ
˾պԴЦ𣺡㣬𣿡
ǲ⣬Ǿֻһϰһºؼˡ
κ䣬ػش𣺡⣬úܡϻڣסڡڶƮء
ڣҶ
ԭϢһ
ָЩվʣôģʲô
졣һֱоڽ¡Ѱ޹һѷ죬ӷ϶׹䡣һʼʯ׹ú䵽У󣬲ããƺ
ΣԭѾ졣
ǱһֱѰûĸ룬֪գû뵽Ȼȥ졣
˾պҡͷֹ׹ʱйʱһһһա
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ŶؾĵͼԼҶõҶľһ飬һϷòû뵽˵ĸ˾պĲһ¡
һ˼ĪҶ׹̫ãϷòѾ˸ı䣿
ԭľΪߡҶʱҶֻʣҵΪ˵Ҷ˺ܾúܾãʶϷı仯˽⡣
ѾΨ»һ˿΢ˣҲ֪ǷСطЩ仯֪˵Ҷ͸֪ˡ
ЩǹؼϷδ
ؾ顣
ϵûк˲֪ˮ£ô뿪
ÿһεؾһ⣬Ƿֲˣ¾ͻԶؾ֮ˡ
˾պԱ߸ճһ߶ߵСϣΣϵһ¾ɽؾţĸԴӺＳˮ͵Ϸĵ棬ĴкӣܴʶϷɺԣûкˮ
ţ˾պ㣬ڣβѾȫڣ˵ؾʱ䣬ֻһ¡
ǵþȥʱڶ΢Ҫȥ
ʵ򵥡
ǽϷɣҷɵʱָɵʱϢѾԪӤˣԳѭȻָȲģܹܶһһ
˾պ¼ǽҴĵü죬ϻֲ
һ£˵Ҳ
֣ϳһۣһССʯס
Ľû𣿡΢ЦŻͷԼ㣬
λԾ˾պͷ
嶸͵Ľһ߹ٻء
񣬲һҪԼնݡһЩĽѣ飬η塣


128 Ģ
˻ʱڡ
ȥɫ谵 ޣֻܿһڣʶ ŷʶҲòԶܿʮ֮⡣ʶ ·һĶĸУ θоԼֱ۶һ㼦Ƥʶḧһֱۣ Ťͷ˾պʶ̽ȥ ûòԣ
˾պʶޣ ˶Զ
ģ˾պҡͷûио
ؾҲаҹտʮнڸȻһ̫ɽؾ͸Ѫ
ʿؾ վؾ֮е飬Ϊޣʿؾ˵ ޲ʿ в޶ѺãԸ˽ؾ̫һ ް컹ã һҹͱòѪ Ϯʿ
˾պ˵ʱǰԶĺиOO@@
ϸС򳴩䶯ƺ鿿ЩСˢˢŤͷǣ۾͸̹Ϊ}ˡ
ֻһַ̣׷ƿߣ
ʱβע⵽һѪģʬ壬ǰΪڣα治ݣӵɢޡ
߳ʬϴѾɵǧٿס
ֱ˾պĴսЦЦҲµġ
ˣʲôµġ
շ걮նҳƬضͿ̿һ룬ͻǰһжֵηˡ
˾պǣεǰߣһһ߽ܣؾһҹĢһéݣؾе޲῿ҹĢںܶһҹͻҹĢϢ
˾պ죬ΧһѾʮϤˡ
ΣؾͼϲûҹĢֲ
˾պһָС
üĶ
볬ʮɣθûܷ֣ȵ˾պȥʱڵϿһССĢͻƶС΢̹⡣
ζ£ҹĢʩչһ绯꣬СĢްӦ
룬ֲ̽һ£г˹βͲݣûоֲĢֲûаֲϢ
ֲֻʲôأ
˾պ룬ҲζСĢͷһѪɷ
ͼСĢۿɼٶȱ󣬺ܿ죬ͳֽɡС
˾պֲûãѪɷΪʳһǱˣŻ᳤Ģ
ؾеаš
ԺؾһЩѶϢüһؾʱͲġ
ؾǳƬ׹ӺγɵС硣
ҶؾγɵḶ́ν˾պǵӵǳһų˯Ĳ֣ӵĽ֮£ѣѿͷϵǳƬ
ûƿƬһֱƬͷϵǳƬͳһСأ˸飬Ҳͳתһؾ
ҶƬ۵ۣˣͷСؾǸ缫ƣɽӺǳļﳤ£Ķ츣ˡ
ֻͿ̽ж٣Ǿܷõʵ޹أȡʱǸԵˡ
ܹȻܲΰݡ
ҲѪҺԣƺ£ѡǸԵˡ
Ҳûʧ
ǿС˵˵ǾԼ
ľʯ֧Ƭأһ죬Ҳ֧ƬϲСء
һؾʱѾˣǴνͷûзȵ˺˳˯ζ˶ٵϴνؾͷʲôؾ˴ı仯
˵ʱ˾պһһιĢ
Ģéݴ
Ǳ̵Ĺ⣬ڳ󣬾ϳ˺ɫİߵ㣬ճıǺ⣬Щߵ㻹ھƶ͵ºڵתתȥʱ»̲סȥȡ
˾պ˿ƽʯͷõϣóŪɾιȥҹﲻ̫ȫȵȥѰԵǰѾһ֥ͳͰ͵زͷһѹ˵֥˵ֶָЧԶ֮õϡ
һֱΪԶ֮ѰԵ磬֥
ξȵصѾѰˣ
Ŀ֥ϡ֥ãĸͺȻڲժʱ˾պЩ˼
֥ݸΣ˾պ֮ǰˣڲΣֲžУҪС
ࡣ
ϸţȻŵеѪζóȥԸо֥ĸһЩУһĵζ
йŹ֣аŶǲҪĺá
ʩԴ绯󣬸ɱ֥𽥻ָɼȷֲûǵһࡣ
ûǲźãó԰
ܷСأǷأ
룬ͳһûƣ¨״Ű֥˽ȥźúһӣڵʵʵʶ̽ȥ
ƺܰףﻹһŰ׹⣬һյơ
룬Ѹ˼յƣ˵ؾƣ᲻򣿡
˾պʯ
Σ˿öɵʲôаɡ֪ƻ᲻޵עҹ·ŵ޾鷳ˡǰһһøһЩƬҶЩô
˾պĢ²һ󷨣˵Ϣɣҹ
Σôÿ϶ۣϢɣء
˾պ㣬ԪӤڣʵǿָ˲ܱҡ
αƮƮȻ̵ͷ֤ãϡؿˣһΣַ£ƺӦΪÿһʱ񶼻ȽϹ졣
ͷһۣۿɼı졣
ƿĿοһϯض˾պ룬ó˸ӣϡ
˾պθԼҲһĵӣµϢ˼ٵĴϢ
ǰҹĢסһ˴Զٳ˹Ȼûܿ˾պķ֮⣬ҲʮԶλá
ʶɨȥֻϡɱһЩţʮˣ
һѣǲˣռһҹĢδ̫֣
Ҳ׷ѽ⿪󷨣ʱܡ
ԶصĽŲôض֮Ȼ׷ɱǵǸȻ
ÿն磡
˾պһ룬ĵӿߣεϡ
ŲŴ˽磬ͷЩڡ
ͷĶ򵥲öɣ赲Ⱥ˶ãſǽ
ǿҲǽڣΪ塣
Ըɱˣɱɱв۵ġ
뺦ǲǣôòŴ򿪽磡һʿ嵽ǰʡ
˾պ̧ͷסƺû뵽ǰ˾Ȼһĵֹѹ̰ԭǸС
˵ǰɤźܴ󣬵˾պûдϸоɱ⣬ˣûǰ֡
мˣƴ˶
˾պһλڵҧгݵؿԭ
ʣг𣿡
ҲɵĶ
㶣㶫ûڵӾͽڣ˾պɱҲһ¡
˾պɱˡ֪ԼǾ֮Ѿڼѹɱ˵ˡ
ϣڵӾǺ޺޵Ըɱң
˾պüĳ󣬵Ҳǲԡ̧֣ĽɫӰ
ڵһױãգͬʦֵܸһߡ
κ棺㵽ʲô
˾պŶҴһЩĲݡЦһ£ԸʿЧ
ΪͿ棬ڵ콾˾պڶӡ󼫲ʶڽؾǰӰ˲ٵݡ
õģܹ޷ֲݡ
ڵܴľǵԼޣһеɿˡ
۾ɴ󣡻ѹǵӻˡ
˽̸ʱûпѹˣԶļʿˡ
ȻǸŭԣĻ䵽ͬһ³
˾պħͷֱǣ޲磡


129 
׷޲ҿҹĢ ڿĢʱͣ½ŲŵͷܣѸ硢ܵñʱ򻹿죡
һĻ ˶˿
λ£ץʱϢָ ΨǱһֱģ˾պ
˾պ˵ʱδˣ иʿֺģЩֻʣλֵǸʲôްڲǳʲôε ǵޱΣ ôһ룬 ǲǾͺܡ
ȻֹͷһؿڴȻ˸󶴣㡢㡭
δ˵꣬
ҽģһ³ڵһص
Ѫ˾պۣʶڰܵҪСö࣬ ؿʿѪҺµգڲԶ ֻһСĢ
ͬʱ ͷϵĢƺҲһ仯Ǻɫߣ΢ۼɣζٶȱ֮ǰˡ
û뵽ǻһԲϾɱˣ ûչЩˣ ˺ Ҳ쳣
ǰһֱ׷ϵĺɫߣԼɼһѿһ£ʱԵͣۿɼĴһЩ
ǣЩǴ󣬸һ֣Ҫ˶þͻƣը
ѰĢӣЩըʲôҹĢ޶ޱȼɵ˵ײУע⵽ƶƵĵطζһЩͺƶڵĵط߻Դ󽵵ˡ
˾պʶٽʱ뿪
ܵ˷׷׿˹ǣֿǱߵڵӡ
ոɱ˵ڵô£ˣһ·۹ۣܿͻͬҹΪ㣡˲гޣûʧصʱǵ޿װ޻ʱгջء
ֻҪгޣݾӰ첻ͷޡ
ֻޣʿ˵͵Զһۣսѡ
ִһ߼һߵĢ⣬ǻϾҪ죬ɫĶը±޸ΣաԪӤڵֲʦԾڴˣŵģ綯
룬յŵƣֻʣװ֥һյô˶ţܴŸһյơʱǮһ˲٣Ҳȱ˵ĵơ
׵ҲһƿԵãҹѪҲЧ뿪ĿŵơУˮǽ£׹һҾ뿪ؾˡƶƷԶʿһߺ˾պߡ
һһȰ˾պѪɷܼĢ֡
˵ɱڵĵӣǣҹﲻܶ֡
˾պЦͷӦ¡
Զ˲ŵôˣ
ˣ
òײҵһϢĢ»صΣķĺڰ˭Ҳ²ġ
ɵӲߣ
һʿҶĢ¶˺ü죬ҪµĻˣһ˵һ޻˾պˣŸҰԼг
֮ǰǸһֱ۾ѪŤڵĿɭͷĢİĹͶϣ
һλԶɢ޷ɿؼһյ׵ƣǣŮͷҲصشڰ
ȳȥԶŮ޲Žŵʣôˣ
ӵڵѾˣĳ£ᱻڡҹҶÿѪһЩɱˣڿ¡
ȻһҽУߣҹʶޣǿԶҲ׷һᣬޣĻˡͷڵĵΪ̣һ·ϣüɱ˶ᱦˣ
Ϊǻá
ŵںڰǰУţײһ˫Ѫ۾ֻſڵûûкҲûۣʶ޵ѹûע⣬ֱߵƤ£ײצϡ
˻Ϊײʯͷۣͮͮ۾
ƿŮӣߣ
ΪԼ֮ʱ޵ͷĵƣţצһƹڻôֱؿŵơ
ûɪɪŮ
Ůӣ𣿡
ӣҪͲɡѾûбĵˡ
Ҳûǣҹ·ȫ
Ůӣ˾պǸˡ
ӣ˾պߴߵŮ޸ĵƣ

κ˾պ뿪ҹĢ
ԶȺժ϶ЩڵߵߣҲ̫ˡ
˾պʱ̫¸õġùߣ
ֹ⣬档
˾պһ٣͵һûüҪһų

εҲ⣬ˣɡõ߾Сɣ˾պý湴ճƣȥƵһ
ؾкܴҶۣ˵Ļؿֻмƣδⷢ⣬ǲҪҶǰ¶źá
ߵúͣͣһ·Ҳûʲôޣȵ̫ʱǹâһˮ콵䣬ܵѪˢһɶ
ͷᣬԣ΢棬ˬ
վԭһδŲȴ·Խ硣
Σҹô󣡡µʪĺӲʯͷýŲ£е󻯳ɵʯͷֻɵĻɫʯͷͬʯͷ͸һĺ죬ʯͷҲһһصӲݣҹֵĢһŶƲˡ
ʶҲܷſˣηɵϣʶ۲òֽòؾͼԱȣֻЩطܹӦϣУڵλá
һֱߣؾԵиɽȣԭи̶̶ﳤһƬˮ«ں̶¡
ڵʶڲ£ѾԿɽλˣֻɨȥܸоɽϷ쳣ղĵطҹﶼû
˾պȥʱ䲻ˣѵõĻԵȫѰ񼴿ɡѾ˽룬ƬؾôŹ֣ͷĶɵҪģǾҵ
ãĩˣʣڽµϢݳȥأܲһ·ĴߺȣǵؾЩޣǿǳԲ˶ߡ
ҿСβ͸ֲʦֲʦؾＫΪܻӭܶ˶ֲʦѣϢ϶ܷɿ촫ڵҲˮ£϶˻ὫĿڽ¡
ֻҪǴݲĲë֮أֲѶʮֿ׵ġ
ĶˣֻҪɡ
һ·ǰɣʱ֣Ů·
Ǻϻۡڿ˾պ۾һЦӯӯص˾պãǰɽȷ󣬹һֻΪڳϺڵĺ棬ҪҪǺ
ΣϺڣҲ̫ˡĶµʿЩʵģĿǰΪߵģҶҲԪӤڣϺڻ˲Сľ롣
ɨһۣԣҪԽԽðΣտ϶еģһСĿܾˣأһڵһС飬ɢ˵ҲǸı˵ĻᡣϾϺڻƴһƴҪǶɽʲôģǲŽһ˿ᶼûˡ
˾պ㣬ȻնЦЦ˵ЯҩݣԶԺûЧЧʧط񣬾ͻȥ׷еޣǾܽȥ񡣡
˾պü΢򭣬Ȼġؾ﷨ãϢûô촫
ֻԸǸڵӣȻԼᵽҹˣǸۡ
ȻǲУǻѡ֮ζԡֶܲܿ飬ʧɡ˵ʱǣͼȥ˾պĸ첲ͺϵһ
ֻּ˾պ첲ʱƵĽֱ˴ֱŵߣԸ˱߳Ѫ飬Թصˣô
˾պǺ𣿡
㻹ҳ
γ˳ǡһˣ㻹ܼǵڡ
˵Ҷ֪˲Ǹ˼˾պһؾһ˵ǺܺЦ
ʲôʱ˾պֻϲ
ͻȻͣ½Ų˾պ
üͷ𣬶ͷɫԵЩԾ
˾պ۵ɳƣƴѵؼ֡кתҲĺСڵͺ
˾պָͻȻȥߣ뿪
һѪԪб֮ס
ʲôˣԪʧرΣҲֹ
ƣηӦҲܰ۽𵤺ΪҪ̫򵥡
οʩչ֮һ̣ѼԪԱͷðһ̵Ĺβݣ˵ңܿԼˣ
˿Ģըӷɽ䵽ϱܼٿǵУڣ˶ɽȾۼ
ƻǰЩûб˿ˣ
ˣɽڻħ塣Ǳڵħûʰɾڸǹһ𣡡һ֣ǿӰɣҵˮؾ
ʲôģҪˣ˵ؾҪܲ


130 Ѫ
ͷһ¡
ħΪݡءϪӡ߾ УֻݾСħлᴩɽ¹ء
Ȼħħʵ£ ʵС͵ݾҪһЩ ʿڲࡣ
ħϷֵļʱǴҲܿ죬 ûɴĻ¡ôˣ© ħС © Ҳⲻ
ΪԭͻСħܴɽӹأʱǻᰲŵͽħԼʶ
ڵǣħʿؾ
ħĶ׳󣬶Ƭϣиаħһ𣬺롣
ǽؾЩ˻Σա
øԶ
ϹͻȻ֡ԳħײĻ֮ءʹħ޷չ׳ ΣĽ档
ؾ´ǡĽ濪 һЩϽʿУ Էʤħʴ꣬ȥ ܽħֱӴڵء
û󷨡ûдСûлػ ħ ºܿͻͿ̿
ۣǻŸʲôϽӣ˵ֱ꣬ǰڳһξ룬ɳԶͣҧʱǶֻܹƻǣһԪ˾޴ĲͼֿĿƣͻԪѪҺˣҲᱻ˿ơҹǿ󡭡
˵ҹۻᰲ˻ɱ˵Ŷһкиḥ̂ܽ˻ĥڣǿѾ˺öѪ
УǸħŮޣΪѾֱͻ˳ڣڵħѾϪ
ҹһĻĻͫ׶Ŵսսץס˾պȡκΣ̧ʱԼֱϵ˿ڣתץסΣʲôֶΰһ־ģܾܲȾˣкܶͬڹУ־ʹҪ˵أȻôһ֮˺¶ܵϵĥ
ΣֲֶΣֻܿһӣ
ɫҰףǡ𣿡оԼʧǱ˸ӣܡǵ㡭
ҿԽϵؿƣֻڵ
۷˿ԭˡţûԼԼ
˶٣һɹڳ˯㿴ڰѿˣǲûбץǣΪԼľ˿ܷģǰѲ˿ơŶУʱػӲô˵أǡ
۶һ£˯˸Լһ㱻ӣ
ΪǵĿ־壬δųɽȵʿʶѵģΪԾȣһҲŬѰ
᲻ᣬؾǹﱾ
˯þ˿ƸˣŰɱȡ֡һжǵĲ²⣬ָ뷨УҲ֪٣̫ˣ֪һжȫгʣǣҪȥ𣿡
˵ָĿڣǡ
һ£˵ͷҲڵĵӣҲ棡
ΣҪȥ֪֪˰սʤܾôֱӳȥڣڻ硣ЩԶ֮ѧġ
΢һЩ˿Ҳ͵˾պˣͰֵַظκ棬λһȴС˵Աߡ
ΣԹ˽ģӦֻƬֲˡ
СβͣƬֲһûоǵġ֥һȻŨȴûֲǸΧĻйϵ˽ܵĻֲǵĻŴһЩˣ˵ؾֲԿǣοؾǰûˣа
޵Ļ
һ·ǷڿҲûޣƣؼ޶һ֮ǰҶλ޻ҲСؾ
ǰ䣬ϻ÷ѪɱˣȴҲΪ֪ĢղҿӶ˱˿ơ
ʱθоͷϵĹβݼʧָ۲һţ۽ŵʣһˣǲǾֲĹβˣ
Σ
ǵʱ˺ֿܶܣûǵһأ
ͳһѵҩ֮ǰŵʿһ
˾պʶ죬ҳһֻؾڵޡ
һ̣һһŮһֻӴһСɽľϣڵķ񱼹Ȼܵúܿ죬Ųմأӯ
˾պˣ
ʵǿɢΪҲгڣڼ˾պʱͣ½Ų˦˦
ϵŮæǰǰɫһĶϲܰԪ񣡡ﻹһյƺһӣ񣬽ӵ˹ȥ
ǿĵӡ
Ȼ󣬾һ£һͺ
ϵֹ˵óԣ𣿡Ȼͱ
ŮӦĶİɡ
ܷ꣬ƺԼ뷨ȴΪĳЩԭ޷˵
˵޶ѪУΪԲ£ΪΣ޷ڡأ
ۿԽԽ꣬ʶ֣ץס˦˦ȥıӡ
ŮӾСģһ·糤ޣ˦˺üڵӡ
ʿ˵ľޣ϶취շЩӲʵߵͣһ˦һһȺǿγ˰ΧȦҲûܽס
˾£ץ˱ӵľ񰲾峺һƬˮ
ΪҲѾܸˣѪҲٴξѣǰһɶȻѹܸң﷢ʲô𣿡
һãŶ϶طСиʿû뿪ؾǳ
ؾ׹ǳγɡ
ؼ䣬һͨǽϵǳ
εľǳ˵Ͻǿ߿ԼǳΪǳ񣬻ΪԼ׹䣬ǳ
µǳƬȻǡ棬һνؾǸʿ֪Ϊû뿪˿ӣ˯֮ʣǳȡƬءǳķʽǳϵʵǿܵӰСһЩҪ˵࣬Ծ쳣ѡ
ڣƬؾ壬ʶ֮ǰһЩ죬ƺȫƿƬء
һȴԭ
ԭһ˿Ϣڣǰ죬䣬ʯ൱ȫʧȥͷصϵڻôСûܶ
պãǡˣԽУһһɹ飬ʧȥңΪĿܣΪԴԴϵṩ
ѪǳΪһεڵɱаƬСڵ򣬽˵رΪҹؾ
ҹ١


131 ħ
ͳǳҪܳܳʱ䣬 һޱĹ̡
ҪǻǿǳӶﵽǳϵǳ֮Ŀġǳǵǣ ҪõǳϿɣγ 
аôǶȡ˵ǳ ǳϵɿܡǸѪ͵ڳĨȥǳϵкۼһɹ 롣
۶ɡԾź õ
˾պ֮ ǻɱħٵǸѪ󡣡
˵ʵڻǿסѵͬ黹ʮֻĻǿԳæڴҶǶĵĹӰ죬Ѫ꣬һɱ ܿͻҲ֣ΨţǱѣ սʱʧǡ
һֱ࣬ Ŭ˼û©
ʱҲŻ᲻ԹЩɱ۵ʿãиʦ㣬 ڡ
ҹĳ۾ᡢ絶ʣ ̧ͷ뻺һ ڿǶŮס͵㡢㡢ͷϡ
ոǶŮͷϸԳһ͵Ĺβݡ
Ůһֱأͷиݣе·𣿡
ŮӸ˵꣬͸оԼҲ˦ϣԱߡ
ɿε֣ߵŮߣվ
ĵؿΣԼֱٿˡ
Ҫʲôأ
һ̣৵һϥ£ֽᶨӡ¡
۵ͬʱҲʶʼת˺ϻڹķ
ۣ
Ƚ˵κŴ죬³һʾ󣺡Щ𣿡
ˡ
ǵʱȣżסñӾһźҽǹ˵գӴƮԶأȴʼûз½Ų̫󣬾˳˯Ĺ
Сɽգѵʮ⣬ٶȣ޹Ӧòᵢ̫á
ڵ޵ʱ˾պСβͻԼ
úܿ죬ؾǰֻпӳڵ¾ʱһЩ˾պʱоԼÿʱÿ̶ڳٻξطԼִһȦ
ʼĿӳ˾պһߣһҲͻʮ졣
Ҫ˶ãܳһͷݵĴ˰ɣ
ԸħѪЧһ˵һ߷Ѫý˾պЩۡ
һûõƣһ߷Ѫһװܿװһޡ
˾պûֹֻԼ
˵СβͿҲһá
СβͿͷȲħ֡ǺѪСβͣϴ˷ѪʱһصѪֲһھˣҲȵࡣ
˾պ㽣أת뵽˾պǽƽʱӽҪһѽʣҪҲĨ
ҲشԹ˹ȥմѪĨ˾պ
뻹òֱӴ·ڣȵѪȵĨϡ
˾պ¶ȵѪƤһϵս
΢΢һߣĿϣЩ궯ʱƽ
汸սЩʱ峺۾ҲûƽʱЦ⣬ȻߵµȻѵһࡣ
˾պѵشƿߣĿͶԶȡ
Ƭ̺˾պѹ˵㣬ˡ㻹Ҫȫ¶Ĩһ
֣ʣµѪСβϡ
ܿ죬ʹʮͷ޹Ƕһͷ㱳ϡ
ξ޴󣬷ɹʱһƬƣºηƤ¶ãҲһĵط
ÿһͷ޶Ǳˣ˺ܶࡣ
Сյ˾պţṷβͣ󣬽ͷѾ˵ġ
ķͷ
㣬ˮޡϢΪУŵѪζɡ
ڸѪǺֱܻܿ˯ֻѪѣʹ̡
ǵȺǵսɻȱβûѪ
²˳٣ɡ
ɫѾûжʱȥȫİˡ
ˡʮһͷޣټͷϳ˲ݱޱʿʱ顣
ǳɽȵķ򿿽һ·ϣʲôˣζһβݣ˵ʩչҪɹβҲܴʿڡζûоģȵɽʱԣúܡ
޴ͷɽȡ
ȥ󣬾ͿͷˣضѪɽӣһѪأһûôѪȣˮҲɢһɶ滹ƮżѾȥˮ«
ؾͼϱעڵλá
ѪرŸԾױŮޣһѪȾĺȹбһܱɵøɸɾ޹ϡ
һָ˿ָ̣ϵѪĨ
ǸŮޣҵӦźŮȿڶŮ̧ͷƳһۣЦһֱӻ˻֣ȻеĴ˳ȥޡ޼̤⽴Ļ沢ûзʱע⵽
ھͷ϶һ͵ĹβͲݡ
һ̣һͻŮ¶ֻһһȫоϵľʹ
ҲϪȻᱻЩˣ
ŭ֮£һХӸϼȡͷ֣ЩβݿƵ£˾䣡˵ңȴҲʶǸ˵ֲʦ
βͲݣ
ˣ˿˿
Ǹһͷëϵ˿˿
ѹͷſȻĽ⣬Хų˿˿ͼֱԪ
ħóľ깥˿˿ǸԪӤڣݻ鸮ܻһС
Ȼû뵽ǣײ鸮ɲǣ·ײһŻ𣬲ԣײ˸ÿһƹâʹԪԺֻһͷڷӡӣ
ܣȻʱŷֲ֣Ľ⽵٣ǾѾ˳ΪȻֲһ
ԣǲֹһ
˲Ϣ֮䣬նÿһͬһ㣬εӣ𵴣ķϻͬʱִݻǾ
ֻ˶Σѡÿһ˾˿ˣҲħƬԲѴ֮ͽԷԪء
ǿԷѵħԼиƬڶŮ޹ˣǷֵÿһħΪ͵ݾǷɾ衣
ʵϣЩħֻѹһ֣ںϣںһʵͻᱩǣ
ѡ˰İڳԪһ˲䣬ĵ⣬ѹ˱յʹȵ˱ħʴԪ㵱ѡ
ƬǿĨȥ
Ҫ᲻ûɱ
Ȼһ̣Щ顪ڰʶħƬأ
ôûˣ
Сβ˷ܵҡΣҼĿĨȥЩСڵأݾûеħԸ̫
ԪӤڵĴβͲݣ


132 
ħû·
ѾûʱȥѰ˭ͷûйβͲˡ
Ŀҡε⣬ һſԴ϶ӣĳ
ڽɫĻһ˲䣬 þȫһУ һìͼ̴Ƭءûбĵطȥ ԣԼ ͶǸڳ˯еаʶ
ŵѪعðݣ Ѫת γһУǳ˯Ĺһֻۡ
ͨͨͨ˵ĺɽȱͻ谵һ̣߸ӵ ԭڸ߿յ̫׹ɽꡣ
Сβţ˿ǿʿͷϵβͲڿٿήͬʱ µرʪ ţðһſŵҹĢ
ضѪʹĢǣ ܿͳһһĢӣ ̵Ĺζĺ㣬 ñʿǾ㶼ɽȺƱһֻս˺Ȼʧ
ʿÿնһǸѪء
ǶĢĿ־壬Ģֺ˦ųǣԭ߶𽥲ʧȥ־Ƕ˴ţ˿̣ûз裬ֻǣĢܵĿ־ǽ겻
µĳëʱ㰲ͺһҪˣˣ֮ǰƻƻ󷨾жؼϵҲܵǿɣʱԸ׾١
һ󷨳ɹƬе鶼ΪĿܣͷУʱҲ졣
ʧأϵŮһֱûȾ˿ܿԼΪ׵ƹպ˦ߴıϡ
ñӾյƣû£ͣǱһǽЩҪѪصʿ
ǽߴյƵƣ̹֮£ƵƵĹâ΢ڸߴ漣ذǵǿǵƣ·𣬻صǵʱ⡣
󣺡ѪڵѪˣΪʯǽ赲ЩʿѪصԭ
̫ɽ֮ǰٵѪأϵĹ⣬ǶԼʯһʩչתþ˵仰ӳ׽Ӳһ¼ɽȵĸǽ
οתķԴԴϵṩСβͣܿ죬ͷ³˹βͲݣβݺ;˿ĿȨȻ˿̫ǿ󣬹ڵʵ̫࣬ܿ죬βݾЩˣ
ǿ˻ߵغ𣺡ŵġѵģЩú£κֲľ޲ýеչιͨͨǡ
ҡУƱ룬ÿһʿܣܱסѵĶԪǿ콾ˣ߶µͳһڴһӵҩͶȥ
ҲУ
и޼ѷǸѪڶλͬԪͬʱԱȻûаáѾ벻ʲô취ƻѪˡǲܹŵǳֶһԸˣοǡ
Ȼʱ˵ɥĻ
Ϊȫܶʱ򣬻ˣƴ

̫ˣͬʱôˣҪǿľ˿⣬Ѹټ٣ҪֲΪܸܿո£һֱ̣˿ߡ
ֻܷùѴѵصҩУһ˲䣬޲ñһţȫ¡
ԸĢʱ޹ԻٵѪأǵʵȹڵЩʿҪǿö࣡
Ȼ뽣˵һ£κι޷䵽Ѫڣһ̫кһǿЩקС
ͷĹԽԽˣ
һĨɫīɫڵǽڣȴɫһ͸һɼ׹ı
μ״ֱóһѪⱾԸħģûϣ
ҪʲôУðͷѪȥ᲻ӿѪа񣬲ħһϽаޣѪӽȥƻ䳹׼ǳ
ͶѪǵ׼һλæպãû嶯
βƵѪأ
һͷҶأ
ҶбԴ飬ȻᱻҹĢɱΡԣûо˿ᱻаơ
ǡʱӰǸ̶ѪԱǸƮˮ«ĺ̶̶ˮǣɢһɶ
˵һ죡
Ǹ̶ؾˮ飬˾պ֮ǰѰҲˮһʼΪѾûˮȴû뵽ɽˮ̶ûг׸ɺԡ
Ǹĺ̶ͷҲ֮ϣΨһһˮԴĵط
ѵҶۺƲ£ǳ˺̶
к̶ֳ֮ʱܱסǵʿϣǲһеسʯǽδصȱڴǵĿǸ̶
ԪڵǿҲ˾˿͹βͲ֮Ľ֣ͷСʧ˿˲ռϷ硣
ǣǸ嵽̶ߵͻأתǰֱڵѪ֮У
̱飬ʵѪעѪأ˶ʱоٴһ·̫ܵȻһ׹ǵҲһ
ֻܷתСβһٴθϹβݡ
ϲҲֹֻѪأֲ˶ˣףβܻٵѪأ
Ѿ벻취ˡ
ʶؿ˾պ
վһŴĢ£ָᴥĢָŵǿĢڻɱС
˾պѪɷιĢǿĢιˣ
˾պҪʲô

Ģ£˾պջָ
ɣħаͬԴ
аҪʲôѪɱ¾־塢ǧѪ⣬̾ǿ֮·
أڳΪħǶЩˣ¾ǧ飬ʬǶѻɽʶڰѪȣл˻𡢱ʹź䡣
аһνؾģ񲻹ǧꡣ
յѪͿ־壬Ҳνؾʿħƺࡣ
˾պɷͷţѪأƣͬγһ޴СǵصѪɷеѪγһѪӿ˾պ۳֮С
Ѫ졣
Ȼüģһ͸ˮʱʱ֣ǡǰ͸Ķ顣
˾պʶһƬڰʬǵԨɺѪˮǡ
ȻûʧΪһһĺʶвڵķ򣬱׷ĵ
ɹ𣿡ѪڵѪȻ˾պˣ
ǽħѪɷħ浼ص
ʱ˿̣˿ȨЩĢ׷泯˾պķײ˹ȥҪֹ˾պ
סЩĢӦʿ̳Ģսһš
жֻһͷһɹģһܳɹģ
Ȼʱɫٴһһƹ߼ڰһ޷ץסĻɫ˿ߣزÿһϣ
ҹ֮ʱ־Ƭ̳
ʧ˾պδܳ׻ٵѪء
Ȼˡ
Ұһǣޡ
û뵽ǣںڰ׽֮ǰҫ۵İ׹һɽȡ
ϸ߿գҫ۶Ŀ


133 
λ ϸ߿ա
ͻһɽɨۻ࣬ƴȫŵİ׹紿׵ѩк£ʱ˹ڱѪۡ
ϣ ۾ˣʶҲ硣
û ֪ʲô
Ϊ޶⡣
ͨͨаԽԽҲ֮һͣ ͺһѵ˸ոս۾һϸ죬ͱĿĹ壬 ʶرս˫ۣ
ΨһӰľ˾պ
ڰ ȴӲηɢĹ⣬ ĵ
˾պγһѾ޽Ȼղͬǣ֮ϣһէһ޽֮һ
ѪڵһѪҲ뽣ӰѪĳһֻ۾ նۿֱضĻ
䣬ֱָۿģǧһײۿڣ ɲǼ䣬 ѪķѣѪȻڡ
ţһҽдӵص׷ ˾պٴγ ǸڵϷ䶯һסͷһ·£ 𵴿ѵа·𳢵˱ǧСĥѹζЩܵĿѣͨͨԸ̵ķʽ
˾պǳɹ𣿡
ǸһֱֵһЩ͸һ˿š
˾պ΢ƸоһйĽסע⵽аѾϢȫޣࡣһӼȡ̫ѪɷȻʧȴҲ跢й
˾պӦһһ̣оԼ˫ֻ󱳱˽̫ˣ̫ˣ
˾պ䣬̰شԴȡůЦԵмаȣ Ŷж
ϴӮƻҪ˲ţѹ˾պϡ
ҰȫϹˣһûУСβҲǣʱ˰Ѿһ˿ûˣ֪ôߵģڣϣվˣҲɿµ
˾պǾϹһ
ת֮ʱθպµȥɫĽӰǡýȽסɷħӰڿһŴ
ȥĴ
ֻκĿȵĶͷ۾ɴֻһͷˣɽﵽˣôˣȻߵš
Ȼܾˡ
鸮׽룬˾պҲøˡ
ɷԪѪӰŤεģܸܵ˿̵ʹ;ѪɷȴҲʹԹһݸڵ˾պˮˣҪץסһݡ
̤ʶ߹೤ʻС·֮Ѫѳɺӡ
δ˿ʶʮ΢޷λֻʣһ΢ǹ⣬һֻө棬ǿŤĺӰ
ССĹײڰ˲䣬θо˻ʹɷ΢ʹȫ·Ħͷʱžһ죬ţͷƮ𣬶ҲܿƵطɵϡ
ںڰ
Щܲס֮ʱƬӰʶȴ̫ʱԼЩãȻͿ䡣
δӦξ͸оױֿסأ޹ġ

ΧѾ˺ܶӵôʲôˣ
ʶҲˣѾ𣿡
аɹˣ
δ˾պһȭ촽ס˵ֻʶ˰㵽Ҫ׶áףո΢ֻʣһʶڰӵȻǿһЩã
˾պҲ
⻰Ī߳ܣȴһĸоȫԼ컯һ̲ˮˡ
׵˾պһ£òã
۾ɴɵɵؿ
΢΢죬Ц⣬βҲһЩƯһһ̶ķɫ꣬﷢
Сǿ鶼תȲҪ˱¡
αԼðͷһ˲룺Ѫ˫Ϸ飬ԭ˼
ۣԭ飡
˿˿˿˿û°ɣӲԶŤͷһͼϹƵǰĦߵײһ
ֻܼѵƿ˾պû£Ѫ󷨱ƻˣҶûˣ
Ļһ˵꣬ɽȻţ˾޴Ļںڰܴʿӵ
Σҵֲָˣκˡ
һʿﻹ
һ˵ؾɵһݣϣֲõϡ
Сβҡ£ˣиָķû˾˿ƣܶͷϵĹβݻûʧԡͨβͲմҵ
ҪżϾͺã
˵ӽߵ˾ʯǽߣȥǸװѪĹӹ˰׵ƵԱߡ߾󣺡͸ǵؾرˣǲܲŶ
ʯһʩչת
ǣܹٴѪѣػ
Ѫܱ֤һԾѣһϣ
ͷӶһҲ׷׹׳ԼأͶʱ˵Ƭرǧ꣬öѾˡ
λ¨װ˵ľƬأ޷Σʧġ
ޱŴ죬һ󣬽ж̽С˶ʶ۾˫Ϲ
˴ŵѯ
񰡣иں̶£ǡ
ôôˣһš
ʿǵʵǿö࣬жɽڵѾˣǿں̶Ǹаռɽȣ̶µѾٵòˣһٵ̳ʱԱ⺮̶ҲűˡӰ̫аֻ۾˾պһԱǸҲû⡣
ûãҿźÿǰҲ˲١㿴ŹˣͰɱĢְɡÿһΪƬسʿõǵף
գգۣѾˡǶ֪ʿҪľǷÿһֻ޶ȥء
ʱ˾պͳϵ㣬üʱ䲻ˣ̶ѻ٣ˮҲӰ
Ǿֻѷ׹׹ʱ䣬һ졣
Сβæˣˣԣ
ͣһ޴ββڿ͵һΣƬ̹ɽȣůķ磬ÿ˵۾ִ˴ҵʶ
ܿ𣿡
ˣҲݣô㣬
˵˭أˣҲŻ
žһ죬ŮԱһƣأ㻹󣡡
һʱ䣬һš
͵ʱ䣬˻ϲ˳ȴûˡ
һܻѼΪףи󣬼УʱҲֻѹĵס
ȸϣַ׷״նѷʷصһؾ˰ɡ


134 
𣿡
죬 û˭û뿪ȥѰңƬض˸飬ҵ©֮㡣
˶ؾ 㷵ɽȣŽǽϵŹӸȡ
򿪹Ӻ ۾ֱˡ
ѪѪ𣿡
ҿǶʯǽһͷβͺܳ žһ³鵽ǽϣüһ о˰
ôһޣ ôܾ˰ɣ
͵Щǲ̫ˡô ǶΪѾͳĶ񿴵Ѫ;ԼͳЩá
Ҳ֪ûطĻᰡ

˵ʲôҶۺƲ£̫ϳɫ䣬ؾаôܣ
ֻУ ֻӳˣ
ŵĳǾ㶼ؾ⡣Ҷ۵Ļܶ˶ɫʵϣ һεؾѾϵ̫ƽ ȴû뵽Ľ
ܽڵĳЦ޵ŭŭڵģ 캱ûзŭ ϥأ ޱضؾĳڡ
Ҷ۵Ļ黺תҶ۵ķ򣺡µӣϨƶʮյǧŰʮ˻δǣһܳЦӺȼһػҾնؾ
Ҷ۱һʱûп˵ţľ£˻ܻ˿̵ҲȥڳϵüͷֻǸԼʶ㱨һؾ

ȵؾرգΪȪҲֻΪȪ˳Ϊеӡ
ţˣȥ·úϢһ°ɡ
ҶԼһΪؾʱʲôܴ϶ûп滻·ˣҶͬһ۵Ʋ뿪
˻ȥúϴһ󣬽ٺʶؾһ𣬰ΰѼ䣬Ʋʣؾ˰ɣʲôʱȥ
ϣʱˣȻҡƲµգʱ㻹ܷġ

ûмϨǲǡսʤǸʲôа񣿡
֮ǰЩһյһյЩ˶ĵֻӳڵ˵а룬ȫû
ʱҲؾ⡣
ͨ˿˿ѪҺѪѵģͺƵȼǶѸɲĻԴ˿˿ˣ˿˿û¡
һʼڰϵȡ
ͬǵȣԶ֮Ҷһȴת
ԺתϰȦԶ֮ؾתǣֱ̫ϳһ⡣
һһҹֹȥˡ˷֣ŵĹâԭǽβɵţڣҧβ͵Ѿ˿ڣһȵֱͻữһ̳ʧ˵ؾ뿪ˡ
ûгˣҲûл
ʧ飬ĸʱ˵ֻĸʱʱˣʱѾкܶ˳ˣһΣھֻˡ
ԽԽʱӰ֡
˳ˣ
ڵŻڵĳףٺ٣ľӥϻкöͬţ״ڷɳŻֵúϲ£졣Աߵİ׻ҲŽһպ͸оԱߵߣʱһſȻ˾šûף֮ǰǿɿɰСèôͻȻͱôǿأ
ʱʲôûķأ
Ż˵ʲôע⵽˵ɫҲʶȤı죬ֻǵȵ׳֮üͷõضų׷ӥϵˡ
˵ôѾֶˣǷӥϣŵ콾ӣһ򲻶ԸڵӶкü
ЦһվЯŻӭȥʱ򣬽ԼŵĵӶһϣϢŭϢŭǱ˶Ļ
Цأ
ںأ
Ҳеʹ޳ʦ֡ʦǡˣ
Ż㱨˶û£½
ʱҲλʶķӥڳģʱ˿˿Ǿˣ
־ȳ𣿡
ȳҶۺƲ£û˵ʲôֻǵǰһҲ㲻ʲô
û˵˼ȻٶҶ۲ʲôøУҪ֪֮ǰҶ۵ʮ͵ġ
˭˿˿صû˾պˣ
һ񣬡㿴ƬСأͷ͸ǵģ䣬ͻأ֮ǰԱߣһֻĢδɱΪһ󡣡
ʵ£սƫֵȻ
ϣͷ΢΢ᡣЩ޹ƽʵôҵ£նɱʮĢʮΪԼõˡ
һ΢̧°ͣΪҸ˿˿ϵð
ףȻԶԡ
˴ڵûз޵Ĵһ·ҽУԼʿȥ̡
ϾϾûٴǸߴ˸һһҹȫեɣ˷ɶɲɲôˡ
ǣʿ˲֯˸˶ӣٲҪŵĳŴγ֣ͣˡ
ܸЩ
̶ӣһƷʯһˣ
һŵʿ͵ǳǰʱʿЦ֣лݡһƷʯ
ųƤ˶ݵҳһƷʯˡĵˣյҲ󣬲Ⱥټƽϣ
ӣж񣿡ʵһģϱûϣ
ǵͳһ磬˷ܵصϣ㿴ҵô࣡
ڵĳٴüΪҲôࣿҲи߰˽˰ɣ
ŵӵҵʱҵĵҩݶ˦˹ȥɡһЦǶأ
ÿؾѰʿ࣬һΣа񡢶ʮٵҲвǮиûŵɢ޶һ磬Ҳֱӱȥڵķʣ𣿡
˵ҪҺҵһڣҿǱ˵
ѾˣΪ֪Ů޸Ⱥһɽȣڼ仹ھıϣ
˵һĢûɱ˾
̲סƲ죺˵ʲôɱĢƽ䣬ǣ
Ϊڵ콾Ȼ޽ƽҲӽˮ
ڵǿ߿ʼ㼯ʱ˸ҳᡣΨɢϵЩԳԹû˵ɢеģεǿ
󲿷ɢ޶ѯڡ
Ȼ۲ϵסҲϾ͵񣬵˿˿ϵ϶ܾˡ
˹ԼŵĵӣҪҪϢһ£·һʱءĵӴ·ľӦȥϢȻʱûһ뿪
ϻڵʿǰ첻֪ô£˶ûȥ·ŵĳϻеģҪҼҵǽȥʰһ£
ҡͷŵҪǳ
֪ϵ˾պЦŵҪƯ·˾պǰһ
Լҵüҵȵ˿˿Ҫ׿ڸ˿˿л
ૣһԣݲκ˲㡣
Ҫͬšͷһ۾û˸˿˿Ƚϵʸ
ķڷ


135 
ѷ ׹ĹУ˾պһֱ§ε̫Ѫɷƣ γһɳʹ˶޷ǡ
ܺܰ ֻĺ
Ҫӵţһֱ׹һ⡢Ҳ̫尾˰ɣ
Σܲܿġ
ǰ Сβ˺ܶڵͦԣ Լȥûʲô⣬ ܱ˾պһɣͿЩʿˣ Ҫ߿ӣ
õ¶ţ϶ˤ
Ŷ̫ˡ
˾պսſ˫ͻеν
һ̣Ȼ׹ ٶȿ磬һĻţͬʱ Ҳʼת ҪסһΡֻϵͻȻƶλãֲͷϡ
ţ ͷȺ ڳ
˵ ˾պǾ׹ٶȺڼӿ죬ȴᵽߴļбסһսӽżһֱڵͷ
ֻһƬհףͺĹʶĿըԼʶֻץ߬·ָʶؿٽĺ󱳡
ָ׽ͨץƣϹβһһĻ⣬žĺڰǵ΢ǻө档
оԼԪ֮ʣȻͣ£˾պʯϣʣϲ죬
۳ɽһ֧ŵվڽϣǽֻǽڱǰҲܱƫƫмȲ
ͮ죬룬Ǳ߶һӨ˿ߡ
εĸ޷ش
ȵ˾պָṴǵ˿ʱ΢Żش𣺡졢ԡֻһ׹ô˵ú񣬶Щζ
΢ͷͿµƺովȻôǾȻҪµˡа˾պúǿȥ󲻻ᱻɣ
һӦû⣬ǧҪס
ԼĹ˵˾պü˵Щ̡ȴΪ̣ǡ
ΣȵȣȻٳȥ
˾պЦ䣺Ҳô롣ͳ˻ΣȵٳȥС㱻ýͷᴵҡ˾պ۾΢У˵Ҳҡ
ͳ㡣
˾պ˨һҡʱײ죬ǣͷһС塣
ǧ֮󣬻µ˽ؾת˸һʯǽǰֿòã
۾һðǰؾҲôɹǵ˳ȥؾĿʲôĶʧġ̵һε˿϶٣ôؾûµĺۼҲһΣ˯ǲһεˡ
˾պԼֿȥε֡
ֻܽԼҲȥ룬Ա߻ŤŤ
˾պЦһСצϲһѽôٻͼȻҲǳͣĽҲŤŤ䡣
Σ㲻ʧҲԷְɡԺ³أͷرָӣҲ׹Ѱˡ
ͲǸ˿ġ˾պһķ˿Ķ⣬Ǹǿġ
ֲ˲Ƕ㣬ʱ䣬㿴ǡ
æȵȣȰѶͳѽõȻȥǹҪһһţ³ѽ
ţն׹·зﷴȫǸ˽ܿռ䡣ν͵ﶼͳЩӺͻȻڴ﷨رǸɫĺ«ͷȻװͷֻµǧˡ
һ޹ǣͷǿյģʮɫʯӶϸһξ㿴Ļƣ˵Ȼƣڸʱɹļʻӣ
ͳһɫĻֲͼûֲָᴥʱ򿪣¶ͷɫҺ壬ŵľžеˡ
ûлСβ͡СβԼˣһ˵û͵һˣҾζˡ
Сβͣ㣬ԡ
Σ԰ɡԼҲԣСβͺȵһ֮ҲסջھͰʣµĻ۸ˣȺ֮ˣǸ˾պˡ
ңҺȹˡ
˾պ۰Ͱ͵ؿʣú𣿡
һǰǸʳ̡ɱ˭ܳԣԡ
˾պƣǴϸСĹһһ㡭Ҳ볢ζ
٣Ǽҧ㡣
һֱԼĴηӦӭȥǳһºֿѯʣζ𣿡
ţֻͷһ㣬˵ʱ䣬ؾҿͷͻƣõαôöôõĻᣬôܰװ˷ѵ
˾պ뵽ң
ΣһŶ
˾պƲֵصͷš

㼴ױ֮ǰۡоԼʶٴͻƣʶԭһƬȴǿա
ʶһֱǿΪиͷȥ걮ԣضײƶɽپõ걮Ͽɣ
˾պ֣ߣȥˣ
ȥˣǲǵȥƲ°ɿǣ˾պ֡
˾պˣ
α˾պȳţһȥǵصĻһȻ
ܵЩȵߣ㶣ʶ
֪طӦŶûˣ
ˣҶأ
᲻ᱻαע⣡ʶһɨûҶۣʯͷء
Уȥ̳֮շ걮еα⡣
ݵİ󣬵Ⱥɧ
˾Ǿǰ˿˿
Ҿ޵˰ɣ
˵ܵҶۺα˿̵ĻеСǳǳһЦСѾͺʢ⣬˵ΪҲŮɣЦɰ
ʶոսף̫ˣ²ʶȥҲ޵
ԼƤҲЩĽʱЩڣ·ЩͬͬˡȻǸ߹ŮɻǼ̫ˡ
ʱ˾պҲˣһ¶棬̷˴󲿷ֵĿ⡣

˾պı·ôãϻָץĺۣ⡢⡭
ô˺˼룡ôǿһץ׻ָ
εʱ糺죬޲ڸӰԼȥʱ㿿ףֱӽһñͷϣ£βˡ
ҲβΣ
ЦǺǵʣ˿˿ж񣿡
̰Ѻ«ݹȥ
«ʱͷһ£«⵹һʯסϲ񣺡ô࣡
ܿ죬ǧ񵹳ǰ
ҲʱϷĽֱһХ̳ʧһ̣âзɳǰϡ
һ̣Ȫ϶к£ɫҶ˵Ũ̶ȡ
ܽڵĳЦյԼĴѶ
˴󹦣ȻΪ˶Ȫ
Цƽж٣
˵µϴأǱչءרʮһ꣡
ЦŶж˴Ѷ
ڵȪϴأڣȪˮֱڳǵĻǺӣһ̵˿ڳǽ
߯ô˭ȵϰ

ϣҶۺƲ»һ
ʲôʱˣôûǡ
Ҷ⴩һµĸ߽׷¡Ӧÿˣϡ
Ȼһ̣оؼ䣬ĪңԼһֲõԤС
Ҷʶ죬ס
ѽ˶ȪҪΪλ
⡢ܣ


136 ¶
ؾ⣬ һˡ
Ҫȥշ걮һҲܵ¶ ˱仯˵𲻴 ڻȪһͬ ҲҶκ£
ŵٹ⣬ Ҷۺ޹ϵ ҲкܴӰ졣
ҶۺαûӦ Ͻذ壡
̫ܵ죬׿ڸл۵ֻؿʱһ˰塣
۽Ŀת˾պ
˾պҲҪ뿪۵ں˾պȵȣ
˾պͣ½Ųü΢¡˵Ŀʮֱ䣬λεдŲͷ
̫Ѫɷ ú࣬˲ۡ
̲ס
ϻڵϲ˾պ֪£ԣ һҪժ˾պѩɽϵı Ϊιû뵽Ȼң
кϻڵסۣ Ȼ˦ͬŵ֣ ֱߵ˾պǰ˾պ ˿˿һԡ
˾պѩۿɼĻ΢΢̣ʲôֻܿ£ס
ǰʱ䣬Щ㲻õĴԡ۵Щʿܽڳǣû֪٣˵
һ£Ʋ˿˿һͷ˿Ȳϣ
˵ʱںϻڵķȻתһΣȴΪǰˣ
һ·ãµƤӨԱȣĵ϶һɲ˵ļջ
˿һһ˫۾ҲԵĶ飬Ҷϣ˿˿Ტۣ֮⣬Ҹԣ룬ԵΪ棬ұֻܵϹۣҲϹۡ
һ˵һ˾պķ򿿣Ʋ£ҡ
ۻɨһŵĺüͬŮޡ
ᣬԣҲԡ
˾պһÿҲ֣۲뿿彩Ӳʱ΢Ȼͦ
ԣɷ
ûش𣬾ֱķ򡣶ʱƲ£û塣أȥһ󼴿ɣʱ򣬾ͲҪˡ

һذ壬ΰСг͵ЩһͳܳʲôЩԸԣ
ؾʶԼķܴܸȥֻбֲС鶼˼
С޹ˣæβ꣬ŵһ룡ͷ԰飬ŵõϣСչ˹ŵأԺǬĶãСָأ
С¶ˣԥһ£ʵʵһ룬һѶʾҪո顣
Σ˵Ҫϸֽ㡭
С磺ߣ
ڸС˵ʱѾվ˻걮ǰ
Զ֮걮ԶҶϣûۣƺ˯
һЩڻ걮ϣֻǸշȥջֱӱצȥ걮
ɣһλ
ҶϿŴԶۣ֮ڻ걮ϵ΢΢һ㶣󴽽һĨǳЦ
ܸоԼ˯˺ܾúܾá
ĻôһۣӳͱôֻࣿɳԼСһˡ
һ̣Զ֮ϵЦס˽ǿٵؽ緢¸
ѷ仯Ҷȥؾ⣬֪࣬šαŵ·Ŀ˿޵콾һΣȻ˵ﶼͬšսӣ
Ϊ˻ҲûʲôָģǣҲҴĵΪͬһ콾
αӦƹС硣ûʲô仯ʱһֱûʲô
ȻҶΪαѡĿܣʧƵĻ϶ᱻαע⡣
Զ֮ΣεʶѾͻ˶ɽڡ
ͳöѶ棬Ҫʼˡ
棬һϵֻشһ֣ţ

νʶע걮ǵ͵ϴڣܿͻƳڣѸ죬˴ɽڵǵ̺ۣ
֮ʱѪҺ·ȼӱụ̀۶΢΢𵭵ΣϦϡ
ÿһγԣԽһշ壬۵ƣ־ģҲ޷ɽ
һΣ·̹;ֻ̧֣͹˴ǰ޷ժȡǳ
ʶɽڵĿ̺֮ʶһХǵڶȴ̶һȺڽͷӶĪеţͺСҰǷ֣ڽǵĴһ
ͦأҪŬչʾԼʱʧķ紵鸮
ţӴĻ걮Сһߣǡצ
Զ֮ʣ𣿳Ӹʹã
ЩãȻûоʶϵոʶ෢һɢůһʲôûˣ
걮С䵽Ӧɹ˰ɡ
ʶػһ£͸оԼԴβͼƱһסţ屻һֱֱĳ
צĳҲһڵӡ̶ȣһһ磡ѪءΪԲ㡭
𵱳½˵Ļ걮Ͻ屦ԣӣȻǺ̳úòõ𣿶ڣڳʶѾͻ˶ɽٵȻ涼ûͱ׼
һƯǣǳС
ΣĪеᣡ
ַʳȱһɣ
£淢һ̹⣬С
ξǸѵӽ˺ˮǺˮͷȻ̺˰ˢƬѪ⡣
ܿ죬ξ͹˲罻ˡоԼ챻ˣ
Զ֮ʱףӸѰﲻһҪʶӡ˿˿ʶһеĻؿˣֻ߿˵һߡ
ӦϽŪģ԰ɳǿ󡢽׵ķΣʱҲԶ
ⶫ϶ܰ˿˿ٽףĻ
ͷԶ֮ҡͷȻðô׵뷨ԪӤͷ֮ĺ蹵Ƕ̶̼ܿġ
ϸٰʮ꣬Ǹܣֻǣȵαס

ɽɽڵɽϣͿһֻ
ӳѻѾˡӶ˳ͿСЦʮ񣬡Ȼ壬ȻǸȴ˺ѪҺݣѪ˴
˰ЩˣҲ뵽ɸӳѻĵӽȥû뵽˾޴ջ񣡡߹ŵǸĥòεˮŮɫβƬ룬ܶ˿ڶŧɢһȳζ
ѹֵ˵˿˿ϵϢ֣ŪѪҲлѳβôûӦ㣬˲ˣ
ǸסӲҷˮŮͻȻֱӣҪеӳѻ飬ȻһȻսðһżݣѪ⡣
۵÷һҺصڵء
Ϳ̧ţֱӲͷϣǿǰ岻ҲƲˣزİŮҲһô
ˮŮ૵ŮմѪôСѪңȻǣƲġӳѻĿеĴѪ·Ѫ˯ļ䶼ѡ
۾ֱضűͿӳѻ飬ƴҪȥȻоԼ˸󶴣ϵشӶţܿ죬ֻش£Ҳ𽥻ɢ
Ҳûܹǿ顣
Ϳ氵һŮʬӽ﷨Ϳֱӽӳѻм¼ӰͶ䵽ƬĻ
Ŵһδ뿪һҪ˵
иʱˣڣȻһȪѳʱǲһǷչʱ䣬պѶԸ
Ϳ棺λ年ᣬ֤ݣ˵꣬Żͳ˹ѯñףҪ֣ҲõŸȫƽʱ½ôͿһ¾ţ
Ϳһ񣺡ʲôģڣ뽻
£ûʲôֵڴˡ
ĺõ˨ۡѪǣµĵ

˶̧ͷա
ĻϣؾڵӰɽɭֲѪɺӡ
ںڰûɽȵһɲǣҫ۵İ׹Ȼ𣬽ţһڿն𣬽Ƭ
˺ڰԼĹâɽȡ
Ϳڵӵӳѻ㣬֪ӳѻۣ֮Ӱʯͬá˵â̫ǿֻӳѻҲǴ벻Ļ治𣿡
ڵ˿˿Ǻǣ壬Ů
仰ҶеĲˡ
Ǹȡһйʺҫ˿˿ԭ
磬һ

Ȼʼվߡ
һУսعɡ


137 
ϣ Զ֮Ҳɽȡ
ǸαѾͨҶ۷Ƭص쳣 ʱؼ䱾˿˿
Զ֮ü£ ĿǰƬӰ֮Уһӡ
һΣ Ϊβ˷Ѿʱ Ϊı䣬 û뵽 һΣ¡
䲻֪ͷԶ֮Լᱩ¶ǳô鷳˾պħΪҪһˣԭΪ˾պʡһ ȴû뵽˾պħһѪɷ֮ Ȼһˡ
һ̣ Զ֮΢΢ԳһЦ
ȻʶΪΣ ѡ˾պ
ǡʱ ʱŽţ ˭鷳ɱ˭ݲǣɱһѪ·˿˿磡
Щˣֵþȣ˵ƬزҲգ뵽ˣʱǽ˻ȥʱˮ֪ĵҲŹʱһůɵصŮһˣҾﻭһ˭Խһնģ
ӣĬĬǰǽ
ͬʱֲ쳤Ҳһ仨ľսˣĻвٹעŰĴܶͷƤһ顣
ˮ֪Ļӳһ紺磬ɽɽڡ
ͿͷƤһ׻һЩϢشУƮһƳͿ΢΢ļ£ŵصǵ󷨣ôûסĽ⣡
ͻʱ׽ٶûУĽƬأ󷨲ϡ档Żͣ㲻ǵȻûȫ׼ڣǻڣòΪֵ˱ˣ
Ϳ棺
԰Ѿˮݵĵز߶Ѫܺͽ⡣
˿˿ʲôģҲ֪Ǳ߻ηӦ
ŻɫԻȻԱѾɵؿ˦β͵İ׻ɫһ̧һϻƨɣʲô
׻ŭһƨ£
Żڵ޿´󲿷ֶ͵Լڣѱ䵹ڣ㣬͵ͷϻƽʱ͵οڣ
ȻˣӲͷƤҲֻˡҲԼи˵
ܿ죬ŵĶɽ֣ۼڳڡ
ڳǻǺӣȪ̵˿ڣ˺۶Щ⣬ֻһͷǷչȥպڱȻ׵һεȪԶԶǣܿͻᱻ¡ǻᣬץסλᣡ
룺ѪܵõѪǿƳʧѾõɵ
һ˲䣬ǱصĶȻѿǸиɣиĿģҪʵһУҪһʹìͷ׼ڣ׼
ŵسڵģһΣָνͣ

ڲչصļλҲ˳
ǵľܴȪҲҴգÿ˶Ϊ
̫ϳŸȡʱ䣬ǾָָܻǶ٣֣Ⱥ˸ϳţ˵ʱ򽫷ɽ󳹵״򿪣Ͼһϵ
ں˵Щʲôһλ߲صѵҪȫµ˶ΪǸ年᲻ɣ
ŮǱڱضͼı죡뽻ŮȫһҲ֤ǵףǲ֪
˵꣬ͱһߵӺþûˣõһǴĶˣҪ߳أ
ͼı죿˶ȻģҪͼı죬ۿˣ
Ҫȫ䣬ûĸųܵסԽԽ٣һŵûʯһ£ûȪĻԼˣ
ص߼ѵӱΪҪԼͷ˵ŶҸոôȱ˸ƵģֻŮأ
һҲҲǡ
ͺڤڤ֮иӰǵ˼άһ֪˳Ĭϸȥ룬ֻ
⡭
ζʲô

⣬üɽڵڸ˵ûڵʿԼŵ󱲡
ϣʦŮΣˣ˵浣ֽǰȼһŻǷŭֱţǵͨ죬еĽҲ˵â
ŭ
޵Ĳŭֻȥ˼γЦϵĵȻʱķŭͲʵȼеĻȼеĽ
Цŭÿ
浣Ҳãһ̣ʲôƬԺ֣֮벻̫ණȴӼᶨԼã£ǰһڶɽڣ𾴵Ľܣ
Ц̧֣н͵նŭն˳Ц
Ӵǣ㻹ΪǿЦֱ̧ץס⣬վһȥ
浵Ľ΢΢
ҧ֣Ҳã
ͬʱмվǰرԼ뷨벻ףΪԼ𾴵ĳͻȻľٶ˶˿˿ȵİ
ΣҲǾδҲȪԴûôȱˣĹϵԻ͡ؾħ֮ǾԼ˸ͷֻħֲĵˣһħ֣壬ٴ
ϻڵ۵ҲȺߡ
еŵʿڵĳ׵ȵҲ˹ȥԽԽӣվԼǿߵĶ档
һŵĳϣƽʱҪĴڣ𾴵ĳߣҲÿŵļ
һߣŵӣÿŵδϣ
ʱЦͻȻ֣ٴκȵվһȥһŭѹʩչǰɫɷףУܵӰľ浣ĽЦţƣ
浣ãһ˲䣬ʲô𡪡α
֮£ʧأ浸оԼ˦һߣҪٹȥʱͼЦѾߵһߣվһȥ죬ҲЩ϶ֽֽ̣
ŰĽǰôһͻȻأ
˵˶٣ڻħոӶһ˲ĲѣĪǣħӰꣿ
ϣԶ֮˿̲Ÿо˼֡
αͼеȥ˿˿ʶΪӰЩǿߣаָǶԸڣԸŮ
ûнЩ˷С
ȴû뵽ЩˣԼǿߵǰ
һЩʶԼĲԾ
ǣƬصľѰ
αƲסĻ»Ľ
ûʱˣ
Զ֮ͳѶ棡
һ̣챦¥ϳһϷضɽ٣λʲô£Ժ˵ѹȻͷţ˶оԼϷ·ѹһɽΪѡ
ǣҵλ̫氡Ҫ


138 Ե
Զ֮ð˽ȥΡ
˽ɫתתȥ ʱʱüǹȦţͻȻ ŵð˽ҶƬˡ
ǰߺеķӣ Се
ٽĻ͵ñӴˣ
˽Զ֮ ̧ͷĻɫصúܣ ڲ¡ǣ ˽ֻܾԼŬ߹ͨˡ
 Į𣺡һʱܳҲУһΡ
˽ǣʲô飿طûа
˵ʲô߶ֻظһ仰úõĻؿһģһȻʵǿȻûģ
Զ֮һʱã
˵ʱͷĻ
챦¥ʿȫ룬˿̣ ¥ѷ߿գ¥ڷ󷨿ȴء
 Ϣ ԵģǷĵһؿ顪Ľ١
ΪԽߣɽʱԽ Զɽڿʼ ӭս׽֮ǰᾭһĿ顣ɽڵĿ飬 һգ£һΣĽգڶģʱ᳤ֻ̡ΪѾһʧܡ
ȥĽ٣׶˿濪ʼɽ٣ҪĿķʿþѵԽԽ࣬αڸо鲻ɿص£ֱӷռһҳˣ֮
Ľȴпܻᷢ
ͬɽ٣Ҳαһϣα˽⣬αܻܿѡٵȶıڶɽٵ棬ǸԽõ
˵ҲǸϢһ׽٣ͻһɻᣡ
Ȼһеǰǣնα
ɫͷϷܲ
Զ֮ͻȻʶ΢ͷһ
߿УЦͻȻһ˦䣬󲽿⣡ڿһһ̤ϸߴ
Ľٹˣһʱ
˿˿С
һΣ׽˾պʱնףΣ׼壬Ҳ֣ܿܲΪ˿˿ڣ׸˲
һ̣Զ֮ë𣬺亹졣
еÿһо޴գһκβأٲһվǰ󺰣˿˿
߾ӽ̹ʱӱ˵һӱܳҲУһΡ
˾պ˾պܽ˿˿г
Զ֮˾պʱͷĻ׳ڰţһɫ紩͸ƣһɫìϴֱ׹䡣
µ˶ˣ
Ϊ׽پȻˣ
ĲǷڸߴ棬ǡ
ڡڳǡ壡
ǿǷ׽٣˭ҵ˭ס
ˣ
˿ɵеգ֮䣬Ӳ׹䡢Żصײ˰壬δʱֵɽ֮ϣֲѸٿήһƬ𺣣
ֲѹסˣ·һֻƴɽ׾ٵģ𽥺£һ̣ͻȻսЩץС÷顣
ǻȻ޷Ҳ޴ӣ
ϵЩˣΪߵҲֻжɽڡ
ǸոͻƵʱվèľõֻʣһ
׽٣ͻƬؼ޵ǿӹ񣬴˵зɹ˵ҲʥʱʥҲǼٵġ
δ˿ס׽١
Ȼڣ˿
ʱ̧֣һӽĶֻҪֱ̧۾ҲԼѵ
ˮ֪ĺͳӣǣǵ㣬ʱһèУѪҺȼգǶһ޴èβƴȫ£Ҳֻϣӳһצ
ԶҲֹֻܻ𳤵׽նѩĵâȻһȥû𵽰á
̫һľӵϴڳȻո¶Ӱͱ׽ٵĺѹ飬ϵ۵³һѪѵס̫ˣ
ڳìһ˲䣬һ޴ĺɫƾճ֣˰֮ϡ
ɳѪɷɵУؾ˶֪аϢҲǺ˾պеϢ
һ죬ìײУԽɫìΪ֧㣬񱩵緢ƬضƱǹ˺˶ס˺ǰһж촷һ㡣
ΪᱻΪƽ֮ʱҾط֣ɫлڣ
˾պ
˾պȻס˷׽٣
ײһɲǣ˾պϵС񽣾촷ۣסģ˿˿ܰеһʼȫȻҲֻǵס˶ѣ׽ٵδȫɢȥԲ£ɷ̴
ڶ׽پֱ£һδɢ׽پôû취ȥˡ
£˭ȥ
Ϊ֪Զ֮
˾պס˿˿ڣϾܳˣɽڵʱӳһצſ˵أԶ֮ѵվ̧֣סŽ԰ŽΪȣֻתͼӶǰӣԶֱ֮ϵƤѿǱ޳ֱϵѪ⡣
ʹðֱ΢΢

ǧһ֮ʣͻȻʱ
δӳһأ͸оƲԣӦѸ١ֱץߣǸɫìķһӣ
ɫìɢںڰ֮УѹȴоһɸΪֲѹ
һΣ԰壬ǣǣӹݣڣڵһƬأ
ڵĻϣһǡǻ⣬һ·ȼգͺƣһŴӽ￪ʼȼֽ
նαĹ
Ҫ˺Ƭصķӡóδӽ
λΪϸ߿գͳ𣿡
ҲʱСëʴӷڳɵͷϣǰһͷ
ûգƬؼ֮ʱˡ
ֱӵնԴ飡
ҳ˽磬ͬһ󣬶Ҷ۵ıԴ飬ڡ
նƱԴ飬ȻƳ
εͷȺзһϮµҶۡ
Դ飬Ҷ۵ıĸԸԴأ
أһնˣȻδӳ֮ʱͻȻҶ۲
ҶԼŻᱻ˽ط
ԴҶ۽Ҷǣƣʶû취ֱƬء
һҶԴԼжϣƬأĻֱ֮ץ˽磡
Ҫ뿪˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҫһ˲佫ն飬ǲܵ¡
۲٣󷨲󷨲𣬴˽ڽӣ߿ػ»סΣأ
ΣҪҶڻŵ״̬£ĸԸؽԴ飿
Сβͣ
Сβ;ҡ壡
ַɳȴ޷Ҷۡ
СβͣУƲҵֶɲȥ
֣˵öָԼָڵ֣
ʱûܴߵĶ˵ָڵҶ۵ĻԵδʶԶͬ׵Ĺؼ
оֵ
Ҳ˵Ƕɼͣͷһ£͵ȥԵף
Сβȥǿ֣̽ԵʣСӣ㻹ҪԴ飡
һ̣ҶͷðһƬ̹⣬ţһŽӲӵӱ̹˳
۾һԥػӳߣ
ܣ
㵱ôӣǰ


139 ֵ
Դٶȿ죬 岻Ƭ졣˾պԼӰ죬Ѿݣ ȴ޷α
ڣԴҲҶ۵ǯƣ ޷Ƭ
죬ܹҪģ
۾һߣ Ԥг˱Դķзһĳ žһ£ ǡ˱Դϣ
ǿ޼᲻ݵӣ ֱĳ촷ۣվڵϻ겻ҶֱۣһѪز
ʶڣһַƮڿʱϷɳһ⣬ ֱӽС
ߣƷײ㣬У޷ף 
Сβͺͻɪɪ Ҫ֣Ƕ˽ˣ
ţСβֻʣ˾պ ˽𣿡
Σ˾պ챻׷Ŵʶɨ˾պķ ֱӷɻ˰壬 Ϊ˾պԱߡ
˵Щأȥ͵ҩȻֻ֣ס
˾պҳŵס
˾պǣס̧֣ͷ졣
ʱǵϣϡһУѲҪ
һͬաţʱҲ˹Ҷסա
ƬصķӡѴƣͿܷ˳ˡ

ڱԴɲǣ˶оϸ΢ı仯һ紵ض١
浣ȫˣα𣿡ŤͷļµĺۣϵЦסŴ󺰵һҪɹݣݽ֮ʱƬضܵҪصҲò֡
ҲϽʿǣ
Цüͷڹʲô
˫£ߣͷ죬Уǰһǰϼٷ
ЦҡҡͷѺˣǰдԣ˵λѾԹһη٣ʧܺʱ޶࣬ڿġ㿴Ȼʮ㣬ĸɣѪȼƣǻعⷵգϣܶζɽٶңһҲǲס
ɽ١ˡ
Щ٣ʵҶĬֻһλᡣ
һʧܣǵشѹһΡ
浱ŭѻ죡
Ц󵨣˵òϣѾͷǸŭĺӡ
ָߵʧܣƬض𡭡
Цôܣ߽һ۶ѣʶѹôԶĵطΪǾһƬơ
һ̣˾˵ʲôƼ䡢Ƽ䡭һѵͬɫɷס
ǽ֮以Ӧͬ飬

˵ĿⶼϷϡ
Ѿסĵ׽٣ߣȻһΣǰ̤أȴϡеĴѶϳءϵķҲѾã﷨̡Ѻľʣµģֻıֲ
ǵģҲǸֲʦֲһ˿̣ŵ룬һ̣ͻᱻնһ㡣
أԼǻãûԵˡ
ֻϢܴ󣬾ҵĺ˶ﶼ
ͷһ۰ķԶ֮ͷԼʱһЦſʱѪ˳Ŀڽ¡
ֱʱ˲ʶ˵жء
ûˣ顣λڴԲߣڿбסΪ档
ЩѪڿҲһ
ҳŲסˣԶ֮
ҵһη٣һ׶ûŹ㣬ҿܶ
һΣܿסĵףѵ˼ޡ
Ƕ˵һûţһţҲŲᵹ£Ƕô˵ұҲһֱô룬ҳ壬ҲҲ֪ʲôʱʼҿʼİõôԼЩĲ˽ǣΪҡ
죬ͻȻףδҶӻˣ͸£࣬ػһšһδЩӲдߣǣЩˡԣҲôͻĽ٣ΪҾһ塢޻ڣ
ʧܣȴź
£Ϣɢ׹䡣
кһֱֵ׹ڰϡԶ֮ǰŴؿڣѸٿή
ʧܣε˵һ
β֪ô죬ֻܽʶ̽ߣҪҵһЩ֮
߸ؿһԶڷɵǻ֮УǲǿȥȼƬص
ߵ̫ˣ׸ô죿飬ȥ˻ԣ
һ̣˾պס˵ԡ
ϲƵĽʯص˾պڣһ࣬˾պһЩʯڵĽնһв½㽻֮ûмա
ʱǿգֻᱻг˿
ΪעԵʣʣµĽҲһֱûգڣӡƣѲޡ
Ȼδ˾պʼսǾٴһ
ոɢٴۣڰ£Զһ۸
˭˭ڶɽ٣
ϣںήһ˲䣬Զ֮һѪƶɵѪǵ
αնоı仯ӦġǾǣ岻ѪˡԭûκεĻᣬͻԵỨʱ˵ˣ
Ԫͳ˶ɽڡ
ڡ
ΪѾȷõл֮ʱؼл꣬
ǲΣǻþ
ڣʧȥαϣļڱժȥ壬顣
ѪˣԺֻܴһΣ
һʱ䣬ǿط
ȻڣƬûʱˡ
û뵽ѪƵѪǵõԼϡҩԶʱǿǣǿ׳
Զ֮ͷųԼȫϢûϴ֮ͻĽ٣ʵϣһ𣬲ټƽʧʱͨĽ١
ȣǸҹ
ƴ˵ʱ΢ʱл꣬Ƿֵã
˿˿ھʱؾʱֵֵã
һһ
һϮµԶ֮߿գӳŽӭ׽١Ҳʱ˾պ˵ԡ
Զ֮΢мüˡ㵲סһη׽٣Ҳ˵˴ڴԲʵ
һΣժƣ
Զ֮
ȻԶ֮ڶɽ٣
ɣȻڶɷ׽٣


140 
ȻʶԶ֮Цһ𾪵ؿһгԶֵ֮Ůӣ ·˵ޣȻʶλش
浣һ˵أ
𣿡
϶ǣ λ䣬䵽ȥˡһ׽٣ 󷨽硢ɽϵֲأڴҶܿϷʲô
ǧɢʦֵ˶ ʯһŻѪ ʱñծԸǩһԼ Ҳûҩ ֮ѰֱӸһŻѪ
й»壬Ȼ˳

ϣԶ֮ӶеŽҶŵʱ򲻹СһȳҶӭȻۣ ںƹĻϣһҼûĶľۡ
ĵ֮ʣСâ ԴԴϵע壬 ˲䣬СͱȻ·Ժպۣ
۲ܣ ֱֱײϵǵף׹ҹ ȣ ҡۡȫµϣصһ·ݿ࣬ײһкƽ٣
䡱һ졣
ͼǽɫƱײ÷飬⡣һϮµԶ֮ȸСɽ׺ҫĿ俴õ˳ճֻǵӰ޾ȴ
ԣй½⻤壬ǲúݺ˵仰ΪԼиصĺû뵽Ҳѣһ˲ʲô󰭡
ͷϷԶ֮һӰڷɳײϵĹơ
Σ
갡
һ̣ɢκ죬ţӵǴ֮Унݻ֣һֱ쵽Ĳ񷾡ͷ
ڵݳɲǣߵĺʧѸȴ
鿴˿Լսıʼ۵صǣյ˰ݡڣõĽˡ
Զ֮õˣ
δ󺰣Զ֮ߵ
ϣԶ֮ͷһۣ΢΢ס
ӷΪΡΡΡʿֻǴ͵Ľ棬ɵһ棬˳һ·ϣʾѣԴӺӵ׶ˣһֱһֱߣߵ϶ˣνʿɡ
Ӿһͨ·ᴩ磬ˣ·ϣѡ
κˣԶ֮ȴܸокܶϡ
ǸаԸߵĽ棬ԣøߡǰȫģڵݵĹУڵҲǰȫġ
аһҲڹע
ԣվߴаɵٶǵСض֡
ܿ죬Զ֮˵ʮףվһ̨ʱܵѹѪǵЧѣ˿˿һѪҲšƳŸ棬Լһš
úһʱǿǣҩЧҲûʲôõĺֻǻᣬ˴ԭζѡ
ܶƵĵҩȣѾǺĵˣţΪⵤζҩԵʡ
ݣʵӦԭҩЧŵúܿ졣
û񱻴ԭΣԵóܶࡣ
Զ֮ڵʮͣʱһͰ˵Сѣ˪磬Ըͣ½ŲڴУ
Զ֮лǰ⣬ٵǸߴ
ԷҲգһ磬÷ƾ;ƣСѣߴշһǣ˪磡
õеԶ֮ԸЩϣĲ֮ʱԶ֮һ졣
Ѫʯףڽһ÷
ö࣬Ѽֲ֡
Զ֮һ£һ֣˽ǵ˳ԱߡѰ˽ǵȣŰ˽Ǽ
Сѣȱʹͣ£˰ˣøԶעʧܡ
СһҪϣֱġ
Զ֮ʣĶˣ
ǵɫݣΣΪֹδεײʿֱΣ
ΪβۣҲʱ򣬽ȥ޸ɢ𣿡
Զ֮оԼڵѪȼգյƤ죬ʯϵѪ̵죬ð˵
ɫݾǰˡ
룬Ҳȥɡ
Сӣε˽٣ӵţ
Զ֮ѵط˾
Ӵǣɽ󰡣ȻǸ״ģо˲ʱջأ˵ЦŵǲϽӰɣҴˣ˵ģǸĽһݳ֣Щܿʿ·ϵı֣ߣȻȡԼĽ
ȵȡڡѣ
ɾѪ٣ѳһһһ΢ĩѪܶʱ仯һλȥ磡
˭
Զ֪֮Ļ˭Ҳ˵ֻܵ˾˾ˡ
²࣬һͬʱڵ˾Сֵ֧ܿţĪǵԼأ޷ͼΪǸСطĵһˣΪСֿ¼֮ϣһڵĽǼڲᣬܵ˾
жɣЯͼ
Сֵܣֻǵ˾Ĺ٣սǿ
δ˵㱻ϣǲЦŵ˵սǿͼСֵǡңɲǽȼü֮
ͼõɲ򵥡
Զ֮ЩΣ˵
ǰÿһΣ˵ʵ̫ˣһΣ֧Ųס˰˽ǵϡ
Զ֮΢Ц˵ǰһֱܲ
ǽһɹʿΪƬ
Զ֮ף
ࣺܴ磬ΪĻǲöֱӽˡ
Զ֮룬˵Ǿͽкɡǵ˿˿˵˵Խ
ࣺˣýиƧġ
Զ֮
һȪͻأƮǰ
ι˿ˮȪɲǣԶܾ֮񾭽һˣĻأ
Ȼ˿̵ƣˡ
ýţ㵣ʲôףҶûϣӱӻ㡣
Զ֮л˵ǾͽУɡ
㶣û뵽ֻûȡҲǣҷ˶һЩسţԼĵͨеԼû˭λεʯΪ
ãáʣˣ˭ÿأ
ͼԶ֮ǰԽַͼϣͼͼĵط΢΢â
˾ȻСأ
죬ΪԨôܣ
ԣһƬСء
Ҳкܶɰˡ
ǡ硣


141 ¹
磬 Ȼ֮飡֪ζʲô𣿡
飬ϢƬأ ײ㣬ҲԽԽ ԽԽ
໹˵Զ֮ȴ̫ˡ
Ѿƣ ڿֳͼʱԶ֮Ҳ֧Ųס ˰˽Ҷϡ
֮ǰ ת飬 ·
ǺƺѿµƬˣڣ

ʧˡ
ʧɲǣһȻÿ˵ʶ磬Զ֮ͬһʱ̣ϳһͼ мӣǳµĽ һƬС΢΢⣬ ˶Сϵ֣硣
΢΢ɬԭƬأ ײ㰡һֱд֮˽⵽һЩϽصѶϢ ЩѶϢԶûд˴ֱۡ
ڵײ㣬 ڶʲôƴƴһĶֵأ
Ŭ
ǵرסˣ˷ܵͬʱһһһè̾磬ֺϲŶ
ˣ
˵Ĺŵϱ졣
˫죬ԼĿסԱߵˮ֪΢΢üӣı
İڻңǸˡأΪˣұ磬£õˣءĿ꣬ʱ;ңԶ񣬸ңɼ
ǸĿڣŻ᲻ǰһ˵ǣһŵĽǳ硣
ұ磬ã
Σԣԡ޷˿Լ飬ҡ˾պ֣˾պǵصþˣԶ֮ɹˣɹˡϲãֵȥһٱ飬һǧ飡
˾պܺá
ڴ鼤ʱڵͿ澹Ȼ˰壬ִŵҪ
˾պʱʦͽͬʱ֣Ϳ浱նɱͬʱʱڵģ˭Ҫģܷһ£˭֪ǽһ
ΪڵսȴϣΣԴڱ
ʱʶɨ˾պʱëŶ
Զ֮ݳˣԼͽǸ׸ӡ
Ϊ˾պҪʱ˾պ΢Ц˵Ͻ࣬棬һܵóԸ
Ż˲ǡ
˭עƴϽ磬¡Ŷ˲ٵȪϽؼͻȻӿĴƬˣ
ץʱ䣬

屻ٵúأʿݡ
һ͸־̾󷨺ôֱʣȻõʯ˻辫棬찢սֲȻӡ־ʿ̾ϺʾǵĻɽ޲𡣡
ʱ޲ˣʱҲ˿˿ݣòˡ
ڵ̫ùǱߵͣһ档ڿ˿˿ʱ֪ơ
С˰ɡ
ʵĸԶ塣ѪޱΪ΢Ҷ߹ѪҺΪѪͲô
һֱסѩϣټˡ
һСһֻѪķˣñңҲǴֻСϣ֪жƲЩѪ
ټС˵ʱ򣬾챦¥ϡ
ͬһƤƳ˷˷¡
ڵ֪Ѫ֮ˡ
̫ǵػءҪҪأ
ʱ˸ǷΪѣʱͼһҲкû֣֮Ǻ̫٣ȥҾһȥãҲûȥ硣
˾պһģҲǡ
˷׷״ʲôӣҲûȥ
Ŀ಻ࣿŵСͷҲȥ
ΰģ˵лһȥеͣҾܴӮСʥ϶û⣡ĳһӣս
ˣ
ǳӣ˭ս׽ٶɢ
ƮƮ˾պġ
𾪣Ȼץסӡ
˾պޱӦһšѾ鸮ޣմȾ˱˴˵ϢҲϿʶȥӣĿ֮ϲ
ڣҶӦ֪ж޼˰ɡ
ţʱʦᷴӦ
˾պǡôĺ
Ƥף˱ûѪɫһ죬̾ͱ˿˳
𾪣㣬ǣ˾պ㡭
ǡʱߵ鸮ް֮һƽƽǿأСٽѡ콾ӡ
˾պԤĲԣ
ʱŷӦЦֹ㲻а˿˿Զ
Աߵ˾պȻûðɷɫԲ԰ףü΢򭣬ʣ㣬
ΣҲ
˾պ΢ЦδüԼʦٴιЦ
΢΢ۡ
ʱ˭У
ס˾պ֣ϡ
ʱǲǸ˻ˣѵˣλҲܵ׽ٵ
˾պϻطк飬ǰÿ˶ҶΣأϵ
С磺׹γɵǳǰֱ̫ϵҳǿ˺ܶ࣬ϵﻹҵеѣѪиӦѪ׵ֻ޷Ŀƣ֪βٴγξ
ҵ˵Ļֵļƻƻɱʲôӣ
Ȼʱ˾պȻ۽Ӱݶһ̴ͬʱײһ
飺Ҫ嶯
˾պɷһֽһײһ졣֮¶ΣȻһ·ϵ׹ǰ

˾¹ȡʯƶɣɴϽ紹½硣󣺡˵˾Ĺٲ࣬˴磿ʶùݣԶ֮СȡСݣΪ·
ע⵽Сβ͵ë
æСβͽ˹
СβʹչȥһɨҵëԶ֮ҵë
᣺Զ֮ûôģ϶ǰ˽Ǽģ
Զ֮ڵ˾״ڼ֤֤˿˿ǰɣҪѰøһˡҲ㣬ʵ֮˽Ͻ磬ܺܶࡣϸһϽ½Ĳ֮ͬ˵ڵӦϽûп޷УžʹʱһͻᾭѣΪˡ
ֵҩʮѵãոշԶ֮Ū
ԸϽ𣿡
½˵˾һ㹳һĶץˣ¹Ǻ½˵ץ㹳ˡ
ҪȵЩʹ
Ӧͼ¹ɳӻһС˵㿴ͻš
Զ֮ɳεرϳԶ֮ĶɳǡСβ·һЩصСϸڣԶ֮һģһ
ɳȷ˵ȷԶ֮йϵˡ
˾պһȥ𣿡
ȥ˾޷ȥʲô˵úҪѰҵûа취ȷҪھ뿪𣿡
˾պȷ
ǺãǾһɡԶ֮˵һṳţû뵽
࿪ʼͣһ;ԡ
˵
ô֮


142 ׷
ôô
¹סˣ Ϊͷãһֻʾԭ ǸǵޣҲ֮
ȵȵȣ Ѹ𣡡ֻѶˡ
ȥ˾¹ʱ ޻ҪҪЭù½ʿõϱ˰æֱӾܾ ֹȥˣ һûطˡ
Ӣ ˹
ŮˬʵЦҾ˵ɣţϹ
ࣺ
ҩѪѵԶ֮ס˴еͷ
ˣ֪ʲôˡ

磬 ˾պʼʰгˣҸ
Ҹ﹵ͨһ£ ״̬̫ã 䶼ʮģˣҺ󣬻˭ڷʱ Ҫǳϵ ¹жϣ ȵ¹ϵʿ˵һ֮ξ̸﹵ͨһΣȷڵ
ƿӡûжʲôӰ졣ʵе֣˵û¾ĺϢˡ
ҵȥû䣬ϣ˾ܲ
ӣţҲ֪ʲôСġ
θһ֮ʱ˾պڶɿʰ
˿˿ù˵Щȫװ˲˵ԱɶƤһװ˴﷨ԱɺʱèɺܺҶ߰ˡ˿˿иʦ
תͳһöݹȥƷͷҹٳٹ顷һҲڡΣЩ龧ʯŵ𣿡
æ޹ʣµСʯӶ
С۰Ͱ͵سţƮŵĳͷٸҳһвУ
ŵȡųӹȥ̾һ˭Ŷҵĳͷֶû˵ͼСͷͻȻʣµ龧ʯȫˣû壬СͷĶˣͼһζʯͷȫûˡ
ŵһ׵ģ
ʱԣٶȴǻᾡġ
˾պڣ϶ǡĶҲֵǮˣǴŰɡ
ٶ䣬һǸģǸҽ硣ǸԵõĶУǺζġ֪ȥһʼûУҶĲоͻᰤ׼˴ʳӣ˺ֲܶӣ֪֣ܲ㶼ԡ
Ҳ͵͵һָ˵ҪĹ±ͷ
ΣڻõſЩ
ͦ뿴ġ
λóؾ͵Щһؾı˵ʲôգ׷ױʾؾĶ綼ģǴô
ֻðЩ˻ȥڲõı¶ʲôˣһţͰѶȫװС
ˣ
㣬̵ӡ
ΪʱܽҼҴҵ׼ĵ
Ҳжʱ̲ס飺Ҫ¶ϼС
κ˾պǲҶȣú£ǣʱԸȵ᲻ߡ
ǡڴʱһֱû¹ˣ
ʱ֣ܾãôһȥҲǲСգ˿˿ǰ˵Ը׷ңΪǡ

õʱȻѣɿ˱ε֡
ôԣϵܣ˿˿һϽȵ
˿˿ȥȵ
Ȼ£ʱϡƬأ޷µ˺°
˿˿˾պţʵͦġ
ͷ˳֮ϣʱ۾ҲЦ˵ˣǲܰóװ
˾պʦҪ֪øʦеĻؿˡ
¹Ƶϣһʼȵ˰ʱͷȻһɿ񱩵ͻ֮УѸٱס˵
ţ߳һ죬ʱ
һ̣һˬʵŮ˵ˣ
ףȷֻ˰ͦİ
⻰΢΢죬ŷ֣Ȼ˾պᱧڻء
˾պΣһصҺءڵϲȳǳǳĿӡ
ճ͵ŮЦŵǳӢǲ࣬Ƕǵ˾ʿϽʿ½ʿҲûʲôͬţʲôʵشǡ
಻ɫĴǰˣԽԽ档½繳ʿغͻоĲʣƤѪѣȻûʲôӦǵľ磬ȻܳܵסϽ
ƬСԽԽˡ
ֱӵƬСأӾͷȻ֮飬콾ѹֻᱻϡԶ֮Ѿˣ˵ﻹţĳڣǴʩչѪԵѰҳλã
æͷڲҪָȡһָѪﱻ䶼ʮģŪԼںδȻ׷֮ΪЧ
ӢѪһ̣ͼѪ֮ϵָתٶԽתԽ죬ûͣµļ
ӢɫְϣЩ֣׷ٲλã˵ԷܸѰ̵ķԤ
Լǳæҵǳ﹵ͨںʶģһμ˭
ࣺûϵֻҪôϵ͵ڶһͻǷ˿ߣҲ˳ҵλá
ߴٵϽϵ
£гǳ𣬳﹵ͨ
ʶȼգһ̣ڻ֮УϤӰ
ϴμ治һʱڣ;˫ۡͷĻȼվңӳúͮͮģǲǽĺΣǣһֲ̬

ԣ޷Ӧ
ٴϨļ٣תͷʣͼתָͣѾ϶סֳָ֮һŵͼ
ӣ硢ݡ۵ɽعء
ɫ䣬ֱӼһᣬӢм䣡
̵ĳӢһصĶ̣ǰ쳣̧ͷǰ飬šüͷø࣬ʲô˼ѵΪһǣǣҲУ
𳤡ǹھȥץˣ
ͷһ£ߡĻ֣ȻǰλŮйϵδҲ̫ɺϣ
Ǻӣ£㲻ܲ롣ϱа˾λѲѾǰ˺ӣץˣ㻹ûϴ֮ǰֻܶˡ
ӢЦƾ㣬סң
ྶֱͳһǾͷԼϣĶס
Ӣýкӧǹ£ʱ涼֮һݺ˲һۣջǽӹǽʵʵԼϡ
֮ȫޣͬˡ
˿תͷοκ˾պǷģܿн


143 
ҵ ǲǾҵˣ
ͨСϵȴûκΰ취 ѪԵӦԼԿƵġ
̾һС˵ ﶼ˾޴ĲңȻʣ »鵽ŵߣʱ֪˵ʲôźá
·ߣ ̵İɣ棬 紫 ζδ٣ʰΪã˵ǧжѼһ
ˣгڣܲʲô¶䵽һͷϡ˵ʱͻȻӢ۵ɽչλǳһ콾ɣ ɾ˵һֱܲ
ʱƽƽ ʡԡԶǺͻ ʮһսʱ򷴰Ϊʤ˺˳˳ˮһ·ѹͬţ ΪΨһһڰ֮ھͽ۵ɽеĵӡ
Ӣüͷ üĶ£˸С֣ ͷ
ࣺ֮ˡ
Ӣ̽̽ȥģ˾ôô󣬸ôоôУףιĵ˾Ĺأ
㲻ңܲŵ˾Ŀ飿˽ֱһǹˡ
㲻ٶ˵ʲôͳö򣬡ǸոҲزȥˣ϶ҪϽŵģҾ͸Ǽ򵥽һ硣
ӹᴩ磬仮Ϊ죬α죬죬ΣȻˡϽʿ½磬أͬһײĽǿͨģͺҵĻҽĺӣúۣܽͨ꼴ɵ
ɫһ䣬֪ʲôæģؼ仹һ޿ԴԽ϶ޣֽиޡ
εͷ˵һޣδ
ࣺһǾܼˡ½ʿ˷ȻϽأΪֺܼ򵥣ɡɡɡ񾳣ǵĽԶ֮Ǹոɾǵɣһ˵ɾ˽ʸ񡣡
˵޽׵˰񾳣ͻؽƣɴ󣬲ֲΪֹǵ˾һ˲ͷΪߵġҲͿɣֻڱؼ䴩С
йϽϸϢÿһʿһݶǿ֮ҲҪϸһ£˽֮ȥĶͺΪܳܵסϽǺӡҿдһţƼȥĴС
ھĸţԼһ£ĸʺǡ൭һЦһţҶ˵ϻ
Ӣֹ˵ӣҲԣ뵽̯£ʱ졣
Զ֮ȥĶأ
Уͨ˾Ŀ˵ȻãҲǺóս
ԱߵĳӢ̲סЦһ½֮˶黭޸֮ˡ
ΣԶ֮ôˣ
ࣺҩ֪ܾܲѪһͰҩúܰ
ѪʲôѪҲܾ𣿡
ࣺȻѪȻܾѣЩȿȣ˭Ҳ֪ԼѪǲǻһѪؼκ鶼лᣡ
β֪ҪҪԼһ˵Ǹʶˣǲ׽סѪҺܰѪһء
˾պһۣʱһ̣Զ֮֮
ǡʱһʱϢˣ
Ƭ̺ͳһѲڵϣҪˡر㳤һ߸ߵĴݣݳɲǣǰĻһƣţһƬѷгǰǰĿյϡ
أͿƬ̲ݣһ߳ԻһһĽô񣬵ʯֵۣݻôѳԣˣҲˣ
һʿһλŮ޴ڿŮһ̣һӾ͵
嶼ڰɫڣβſӡ
ȫ࣬¶־ͺһƤڹͷϣ˾ǳһͶ·Ρ
Ψ΢Щܿ⣬ҲһҰףѪɫ
æӭȥ
곤Ǹ˰˻ţιһŵͽ׵굤˯ʮ²ŻѡԼŰɣСĵҿзʵھ绹ӦصȻĻĻ
ǸһЩĺ˵ֱӱɣᡣ
˾պҪӣҡҡͷԼ
ᣬӹ֮ԾţǻӦе
˶ٿࣿ
ǿˮʣǰץ𣿻ҵҵҵ𣿡ѿһˣأ
־ǳǣȥʱÿҪǿʣµ֮ҲһУʱˡ
˵곤һأǶ֪ôģ˷ɣʱڰǣĺȥռ֤հǿЩĻƷǾˡ
ĺСͳһ͸ʯƷ뽫ĻƷͳҿһۣǾʯյģȻʲôûУ
ʧˣǻ쾧ı֤ıֹܹ֤𻵻մȾϢû쾧װĻƷȻʧӰ١
ɾѰˡ
磬ô죿
ɫࣺӰʯ¼˵ģֻҪǶʱûΥСͳһƵĲӣԲᣬǰĻ棬û˵ѡ
ҲʹϢ˵˷˳ܷȻˡ
һҳ˷һؾ񵽵ģ֮ʱСأֻҪȼ˼ɡ
һ֧ʣѾٵؽһĻĻвϣдʣô˵ǸϾ꣬ĸٶǰĲҡ
૵ҵô졭ûҵ𣿡
ĺ¶̣ûУȷ̫أӦҲûжټˣﲻʲôæûбż롣
νﱧŵ˾պѾ̺õĴϣַҪȼ㲻ȼ
һֱڶ
½㣬ͺ½ʿ粻ӦһЩҲˡ
ƬС֮飬պû׼ܡ
⻰͵طӦ飡ǵİһ֪
أ
Ȼʶ˯


144 
ԴӱСչʵ塣
ڻûѣ ҲûӦ
ν˳緢ĸйصϸڸΪϸ˵һ顣
Ϊ̫ĽЩģ˾պԱ߽Ͳ䣬 ˵˵ע֧ϡ
ðβ˷֮飿
֮飬 ൱һĴڣ˵ ΪǲڸǿЦ˵ĺѲĺ˵ЩΣ ˵ıʵڲǿЦӣ Ļ Щˡ
ΪĿ˵һҲЦ
ᣬôͰɣڣΪһһ С֮ǵĻ ȴ飬 ֮һ֣ڵĵطƬضܵƫ˽ܵ飬  ˵֮Ϊ
̾˿ʵŰ
Ȳ̽ǲ֮飬 ˵ǱģͨҵȷڵȽ֪Щʲô
˵ЩһǣʹˣһŷһεСأķжţֻ䵽
බ˶Լᣬһ飬ҳ޾ǵ˾İ飬ܶĹﶼУӵ˾񣬼¼İʮһ֮ࡣ
ֶͼ㿴·ûгֵСҲ緱ǣû취ȥ̽ЩСرڷڡ
ͷҪûѰˣܲܿһõŶȥһɣ
ʱξϲصˡ
еı΢΢⣬ţֱϽ簡
νסʣ飬ҵģܴȥ𣿡
飺֮ʲôһСķ϶ȫޣǰͰǱ飬ҲͷһжðҪУĻСؾͻǰ
Ȼһ죬ͻȻһ˵ֻϣܰˣȻҾͱߣѹǩԼŶֱܸǩԼΪĻƺȾѪӡ
˾պͻȻԵʱʵѾ֪֪࣬ڵرҳ֮Уε֪أ
ĺ˿һΣ˵ԭãû˶ÿٺʶ̫࣬ȫ֮
˾պޱؽͣǵ¡
ĺͷߴƿС˵Ǹ
ԣ֪ġʱϢ΢ΧܺڣҲûѪζ˶٣ͻȻǸطӦøʼĵطһģϾؼһ˿ûеĵط̫ˡ
еϣƶص鼹˵֮󣬱ʸϵĹâȻһЩԵڲϡ
ۼֿؽסֻ֣˹ȥ˵ÿ鶯Լһ˵ĺܶ඼ʵ֡
಻֪˵ʲôźá
⻹Ǹ֮飬ֻҲ㲻֮ˡ
ճǡñûĵط޷ǣ¶ֽ
ǱαƭֱǩԼǸ䣬Ҳ֡
̫֮ҲüĻɳԼͨ£ڣԼΪ֮ԵʣԽһˣӶﵽԳЧ
ǿҵҪĳ¾ʵ֣һ󳬹ܳܵļޣͻ
ñ͸¶飬ֱ͸֧˯Ҳ֪˯á
úõһ֮顭
ϧ˰ҲǸ̾Щʱ򣬲תͷˣ飬ʲôܾƺĶ
ĺͳӢһãȻΨĬ
վԭûıһ飬ҳĿͣһϣǰһλͼȡˣӶ֮ˣ¶󣬱ն̨ǵ˾ĵһε
һ˽ûҪһЩһЩҰʷϵļ¼üѣѪȴҪǶӶλΪֻҪüһ򲻾ˣҪķ򣬾͵֮ϣȡˣ˺ЩСأЩ˻ʿҪ𣬲ȥ鵽ϣڴҾ֮ʱսҹգססѹնͷ­
ʱвΪλҲΪãﲻ
ն֮ͬ뿪磬ǰʱ̵ԯ罨˵˾ʷϼأһֱûԭ֮󣬶δܻعءҪ֪֮ΨгڣϢ
һֱ˾һˣ˵ʱһүҲ΢΢ۿżδɹ鱻ųױ١˵ǱĻ¶
һۣ¶ܽ˵ġ
קһ޵ˡ
ķƷҲֵܲˣʵϱɣ


145 Ѫ
 ߣˣ
߾޵֡˾ܵԯ磬ĶǷֵ һһ˾ֵһٷֵȴֻʮֻޣ ÿһֻġ
Ӷûʲô̫յ˱ߵĲӣ ֻӣٴεˣ ȥһĹ
ΪĹ̸ ñ߶ᣬ ᣬͻȻߵǰ
öΡ
Ȧ죬ĺѹһʯͷЩ
ǰһ˫ʪ۾ޣǿЦһ£߶ʲô𣿡о߲Լ֣ ζˡ
֣һͷ
ĺֱסƣֻ׽ĵˣ ü˻ء˾ʿɷʵصģ ò ĵطᷢڡ
˾պɷأ һ۶ܿ
û뵽ͻȻЩ˻ɷ ȴǸɾġһ˾պ̾ĸɾģҲ̫ˣ
˾պʲôû˵ĬĬǣεֻ΢̧
Ȼע⵽һʱӶЩ
һ̣ͻȻʧ򾪵ðһʶ߬
ţ굽ĴȥˣǲʲôϲԵĶ
νӲصͷ
ҵĴֱӽҵСء
һǻЦ´ξʲôκ˵ĴûѣһֻܹСصޡ
ҶӰǲǷˣʲôСأϸһ룬ҲеģѡУҲû鰡ϵó
ߣˣǻøϻصڣϱϵ
ֻܵˣȾȳҵ𣿡
СıðɡеСλãԺҪסͷϲķݣݺĹմ½϶ûʯ֣ҡһ£ٺ»Ҳ࣬ҲûС
˵ûеıͻȻ˼ȭͷСıʯͷãŶﻹһݲѡ
һ䣬ߣ͵Ҵʯ
ߣңĶô͵͵͵ǵã
δ㽫Щڰֵѵôϲˣʵзִúܣ֪ҵĶǵҲ࣬͵ļˡ
˵꣬˶ӣڸ˰ɡ
ɵؽһȥܿ죬ڿգٴλΪһƬƣת˲ʧѷ֮С
õϿɵηֲͳӢºһЩӢֻι˵ͽ׵굤ﻹеҩûõϵġ
öϻŽ㽫ؿĵϣҽˣ
ҡҡͷӣйأˣǸ㡭һ£ɶˡ
Ӣ˼ӣҪǲ鲻Ѳɻһӣƾʲô
ţһЩͻȻҪһӵҲǲС΢ף˵ʲô̧ͷʱ඼Զˣ
Ǳߣкκ˾պһȥ֪ļȷʵҲûãÿΰţٺӦþд𸴡֮ǽչ˺ãһṩأˣʲô֣
ҡҡͷ֪ʲôֻ֣ڻм
šͷ˵һðŮ󣬡ݽߣ綼ήˡ΢ʶ̫ˣҲֻܽһһ룬ʣؾӦҲ˰ɣûȪñҩ̫ʣҪȪǰһһξС
æӴͳһӣУ
ྪôࣿ
ӢҲ˹Цŵû뵽ɣһ½ʿܶǮ
СصһȪüġ
һ죬Ķһ֦ʣܿͻһڴͷϷ黭ľۻƣʣµЩӿָۣǹһǳǳĻȣδӢĳϣһʯͷ࣬٣ҲʲôĵرҲһЩЩô
û˵꣬ͻȻɫ䣬ͷŴŵĹȺţ˻ɫиǳϸϸĺߣ˿Ŀζ
鸮Ѫ档ǿʹѵҪʶ
£أеĺߴ۽ǣüĿ£бԼüĻһɫߣʱ˼£鸮ߡҲʱյͻأŻ̼ճ˻ңȴûһ˿ҽ£ʧӰ١
Ӣһ𾪣Ťˣô
ָ֡ң
Ӣܿȥնص⿪һߵţһѪ鸮ֵһ룡Ų۾㲻Ҫ˵һ˿󣺡òã
Ѫ涼ǳ˫ɶԳ֣ʿԪΪʳ鸮ͻ´ѣһʿٴʹʶѾͻͨʶ굽Է鸮ֳûմͺܺöԸһʶҩɾȡ
ڣһѪѾ˲ʶϸ߾һ𣬾Ҫ֮ʱڲʱѪŲ̫á
౾Ѿ⿪ӢĽˣ⻰ҡҡͷֻҪǲʶû£ȫʶ棬ܿͻӢҷۿԼУȥӣ磬ӣѲҲܽ⣡
Ӣ㲻ˣ
ͷҪɱˣòˣЩֶΣ
㻹Ҵӣ
֪Լ첻ˣѵõĶ˵˼䣬Ƣ󣬶ͳ֣黭סڡ
þ黭ϵͣŵϣһƣȻһ˶ûƶǰûƶˣﻹŵԶ֮ҲûƶһʩչüѪ߱øˡ
񶼱ЩɢӢǰͷ˹ҪĶͷ
ЩţҪƿܳ׽ֹʹһʩչʶȴ޷ȫֻὫǿȴ󽵵Ͷѡ
û뵽ӢЦˣʲôôţΪŶûз𣿡
ᣬƶ˵࣬ϲң
һͳȥӣһֻôܳŸʮ£һ취
ȵȡ˾պָŲüϣ˵̳ģҪôǣֻߵ鸮𣿡
һӾ˾պ˼
˾պǸɷ鸮ʲôѪȻԲ£㲻ɷ˾պħϹصСҲҧ鸮Դ
ӢʶΣԽɾ˶Խ󡣡Ǳ׽ˡ
ʶĻѪֱܻʶ
ǣѪʶѰ·
һ̣ͼǶһͷţһʶ̽ʵë׵СβͣһɨͽֻѪ湴ˣ
εжߡ
Ӣ룺ѹ޻ϲ
ȻûԥֱӾѪ棡
˾պڵĽӰһڵ磬ɲǣɷ죬óӢͷһ£ʶȥץ˵ˡ
Ȼһ̣ͿŮͷ֣һ
ɷĺΪӰЩǲˮīɽˮŨˣԼᡣ


146 ĺ
Ѫոսʶ ͱʶһƬѩĹýԭء
˵ѪɷҲԡ
ʱ˾պѾˣһһźƿپֻѪ档
δʶֻͣоԼĺͶһƬӰ Ը߿һԾȶʱƹһ΢磬 ĺԭΪŲޡ
Ѫߺ˾պͷһºֿ ųȥɫ磺ѾˣؽڸоΣ
Ѿ˹ ǰûһ˾պΣ ʵڲ֪˵ʲô ɰͰ͵ؼ֣л
ţӢժ˽򿪽ƺջӣóӢֲ֣˵Ӿ͵ҵĶˡ
ü˾Ľ һֻһ
Ӣ৵һ׳ǹٶ˵һ֣ǹϣ
ӢæʣڸоΣ
ࣺû¡Ѳ ӦиһˡԪ̫ ޷ֻ̼ѣǳܺö˶˵ش֮УҲûӰ죬 һȥ̽飬 ͻС
ҵʱ϶ü꣬ û£˵֮ķŽȥĳѡ
Σǽ͹ʱ˵ι˵ͽ׵굤˯ʮ£û¾ŵԪ񡣡˾պͬҲˣΪɷأҲ˵ʶûʶȥ̽顣
϶ϵһῴľң黭ɸȫ棬һУһжٵ
룬˲ȥʶעǷԡ
Ӣķ۾ͨĴıǸ˺ӧǹ֮ǰ˵ķ۲ҪעҲܷɡֻҪͷʯԼˡ
ӢԶԶͶһʶۡ
۸ոһըӦ죬ʱ÷ס
Ӣ۱ըԸҰɣ
űʣддʱŽҵɽñأ
Ӣһ˲ҿ϶ܲ
ô˽ӣɡӢĺӧǹСպƳֲڷϣȥ
ʱβ廰ǮأֻģǸĺġ
곤Ѳ飬ĺǸģμǵõʱĺ˵һ仰ü꣬ӦĺԼɣ߶Ĵӣ֪ĵޣ˵ϵˡ
ͷĺĺҾ۵ģҲóҷۣǲҶģ
Ӣ룬üһǵģ
ĺ˾꣬ཫ£һ磺ιĹأ˵ͻȻˣˣҲΣգ
ĺԲ鴫Ȼˣ֪϶ȫҪĺʵǿң鱦޷ºС
ͳѶϵȻ޷ӦһصصѾˡ
ʱͻȻгʶذС
˾պ㣬Ӳ
һ̣һŻ˵ͻأ֣Ǳߣ
غЩһ̲ˮðβԹ˵ˣǰˡ
˶ģͷƤ飬ӱ¶ܡ
ͼٴʧʱ򣬻˻Ѫ
˾պ֪˿˿иСأԣǴ˿˿Сأˣ
ڴڵؿѪͳӢæƣסƺŵĺҲлƷ֮ˡΪұɣ˲ٻ
ʵ֪ǻһСغȡˣһʼΪȻЧΪҲûϣȲ֪ж£ȻͨĹصһصĿ顣ֻǣ֪ѡ񣬵ȷ˵˴ʧȻȴ˿ڣƺҲ⡣
Ŵǰ̵ˣͻȻ֪ԼԵɺϵõķȻʲôеһҳ֮ˣһͱȥӵеһжʧȥܸܿһһ˲Ž֪ڡ
ҵ׷ϱ̫֮࣬˼ܣȻֻͽɹˡ
µþϱҪ֪ͨϵûص˾С
ڰ֣ˣһĻ᣿˾Ĺﶼһ᰸飬һݣƽʱİּ¼ɣдȥģҲÿֻһλᣬдڰϵֿгⰸ˿һ֣ĨȥĻҲԯ˾Ǳڴİȫϡ
ô󲿷˶ڰԼ;ͬŵ֣ģһѪȷĴ󰸡
дȥ˶ˣǾް·ֻǸĺҪɱڣдȥĻ
ûȵ彵٣⼸ˣϢȥˡ
룬±ʣ֣صΣεǰǴβͬԼЩ˵ˣҽΪ֣һǳģ֪֮Ӧø˲һֱڷҳȱйأһ֣ĺģ֪ԼõĻƷһСػģ
ȫˡ
ҪҵǸĻֺѣ
дȥȫµİ϶ֻ֣ǸеĹ٣ϵĹҲһˣǿ޸ĨȥдֵġĨȥ֣ҲĨȥ˵ļ䣬һҾ֪ôһ£Һһ˻ȥ׷鵽ס鼹ĻҲȷֶܼãܻܲǵĻƷѾˣҲȥĻ֮Ѿ֪¶ˡ֣ܶڿ϶Ѿˣԣддȥʵϵ󡣡
˵Ҷ˵ˣڣ㿼һ£ҪҪдȥ
һ䣺ʼţǵ˾ĺ
ǡ
ڰ֣ǣѾˡ
˵дɻҵķʽȥ׷飬ֻΪдȥὫ뼫ķ֮СŸոմ½һ£дȥΪϨ֮ҲĻ֮ɵøСʱѱƵΣաһҲΣˣҶն
һ֣صصǲŶԡ
˵úͨĹһ
ӢüôƲεģ
˾պд
һпҪϹ˾պЩϲԣ˿˿·ߣΣܻΪ·Ͽ˵ĺ޵£ӦҲܵӻŶԡ
һ£˾պʣܳסĹ
ιؾصؾ·ߡ
ˣ
ӢֻѪܳ׼·ߣԺ󣬾ɾҹҲ١㻹նɱɾˣҲûġ
ͻأҸոպͱߴСġĺڱʱ֣Ҹߴշ籩֮У˵պȺıǣֱӹȥ
ͷȫϢпšղһУ׹УĬβŵ飡
˫۾ˢˢضסΡ
Σ
̹ˣҾ
ҪֱдǷһͷ
ɣֱӴﵽ磬Բܱ¶ݣ
һС
Ӣ˵ģҶȿѪˡһֱһֱȣȵҾѪΪֹҵ˼𣿡
ڲЩ⣬ҸдȥͱϵһλĹٿֱĨȥ֣Ȼ취ץȥǺпܵġ
ûֱ֮ͨЩֳԯİȫ϶ûãھ;ϲ㣬ˣ˵ˡ
̫˭ס
̾ǣˡ
ࣺи֮飬϶ԽԽáЦһ£οˣԣҲġ
šҶ֮ˣȻ˿̣仰ǸĪ


147 ϴ
̹ף ԵѪԵӦҲǿ˵ˡ
꣬ɫء
סӢԼո˵Ļظ ֻǵġ
ָһӣ ڵ黭ƶ黭ƮԶ η뿪ĵطٴζһһģһ飬Ǵ򿪵ģ ҳһɸ֣ Ρ ơ
ͣʺ󣬲һ۷һеʱ˾պԱ߶ſɫڳģò඼оһ˿ѹ
Ϊ粻ߣһɷȴ˵úܣ·ɷĽ⣬ Ŷһâڱ֮С
ࣺСѣ㡭
ΰ˾պˣҲϲ黭һ
˾պ廨ֲݲ̫ó ѧʲô죬 Ƽһ˿ʣξ֪ѧ黭ˡ
˾պһ
΢΢㵣ǿ濴
˾պ룬ѵýһؾа£ Ҳ͸ҽɷһԴôһá
ɷ䲻Ͻ㡣
ñɣ ˿˿ôһˡ
ࣺԭˣ ҵʱĸȥȿвֱҾˡ
ȵ黭ƮգȡҪдˣ
֮ǰӵ˷˺ܶ࣬СӦεײЩͼϣǧ겢ûĸǼڲĽ⣬˵Ƕܹɴ½磬һĻƷǲ̫ܡ
Ŀǰ˵״½ٻ٣һϡٵʯ¹ɺʯƳɡ
ʱ򣬳ӢʹƵϿȷֿϥϣ°͸ֱһ䣺ڣ¹һֻ߸޻١
߲شǣС꣬Ҫȥɷ죬ʱЩԸˡ
ûסʣСװʲô
˾պҵĴЩݣ̫ܲӦϽòǺܺá
εͷԱɡ
ߵ˾պһۣߡҵļҶŪˡ
˾պƽӣҲף΢Цȣһػû˵Ȼ
Īеţֱˣˣͷ̫СˣȴЩٽȥ
ǱߣӢĻͷʯϡ٣Ҵƾɵ˾ÿô࣬ŲߵĻ¹һ٣𻵶ǵװף
ʯĻʣµģֻ̫ˡ̫͸ˣռе̫˨ʣµһ˵Ƴ۾λٵƳġ
ԡ˱ʣ˼Ϊɣ֮ǰڲ²ǲǷƷһֱ˽ۡ
һȻӣ
д˾͸оһһ̣ĴѶ񷢹⡣
˴ѶĺѲ࣬˾Ĺһֻˣ£˶Ѷǿˡ
أкܶܶ˿Уܻĺˣһи࣬ˡ뵽ЦЦ˵˺ˣϢɡ
ĸ̾û뵽㾹˴󵨡ͨ˾ϱĻֻܶӦֱϵĺǸˣϵƼӣǱйϵ
ƽʱ࣬ڽǸȥ飬Ȼֱͱ硭
ڵǲõıѹˣõĻ᲻ᶪˡ
֮ǰʱ򻹲ãȵʶˣûкҩԳԡ
û뵽һƽƽĵ˾еѲ飬Ȼܲһ׮˵֣Ҳлԯ簸ȫϣôһ룬һЦֻ鼤ѣ޲վХһ
Ӣˡ
ʱԱߵ˾պ˵̫ƣ̫ԸӦλ𣿡
Ťͷǣò̫аɣ
˾պǰӦǸ˩
ˡ˩ħ塭
꣬Ѿˡ
ѹƬСڲͬǾ֮ذ˵ڣǵ˾һεҪȥĵط
ӢѾεΣԣ㲻ֻӦסھ㣬ϵ
һͷˮʲô
Ѫķһ·ѣͱ߻ԣԻֽ׶ΪĶѾϡˣסε磬ס硣ѪҺܴٽѪҺѣף
ĺ˵٣λŮǧвܴ֡ǣס죬ӵϴ衭
ɫ˵˭Ҳû
󣬻ǲ侲̫̫ˣⷽļظ٣ǧټҲܷӦңѾߵ˾պǰһ°ɣ
˾պ֡
ֱۣһЩһΪǸԼӡħԽԵʡȻܱס˩Ҳ˵ĽʯѾǻˣҪӦ̫
ֹҡͷ˵̫ܡ

תͷˣ˭жڣ
˾ҡͷ
ࣺûڣ
еġλأͳͷ֣Ҳˡ
µĴУ϶ЩǸ黭飬߲ˣܴ󣬲ҲãҲ۲ˡ
Ǵȥ￴ǾԼȥϢɡڣѴη͡ɢƿط
˾պܿ𣿡ʶɨڣַ٣ǵڲ󷨸Ϊ࣬ƵĿ¼֮ϣƾͬ磬½޷Ͻǵ޷ʹõĹؼ
ѵ˹ˣڶҪˡ
˾պڻ࣬л
ܵڴ̽Ϣκ˾պ൥һ¥ڡ
¥Ѿ¹Һܸơ
Եɺϵĸǽףλ˿
飺á
ʵ̫ˣʱ򣬶ûһжǲī棬ˣ黭ڲ֮ڣǲСأ綼ᱩ¶ڣֵΣôõһܹ˳ȳġ
һ£κ˾պͬʱһС¥
Զ֮òŶԣ
ô棬˲࣡
Զ֮л꣡
ιؾصسԶ֮ķһ񣬡лڱӡԺҪԶ֮һ
˾պ
һһ֮ڣֶ˸ڣ


148 ҩ
ƵĹᣬ ڴŮӵϣɫԵûôҰףһ˿
ȡιУ еô
˾պѾ˲黭·קȥ һξڳǶɳĮ ɳƣηŲ Ҳӿڡ
ߣſţ ɳ㿪ȫϣ һʱУɵʮꡣ
æܿ죬黭׷ӿڣڲ಻òѣڶУ࣬ȥĻ òþ󷨲Сԭؼ䱾󷨣Ҫʯˡ
 ǺôҲǽ ϵʯٰʮˡǺͣ£һֱĻǵòþ󷨡
Ӣṩʮ꣬ ṩһꡣ
ЦЦ ǼЦˡ
Ӣ
̲סҲ磬 ʵΪ౾β֮ǰŪ⣬˿ȴ·ʧһڲᣬǹ
˾պλ״̬ߵ⣺Ҫһӡ
ࣺһӵĻǵǲòˡ
˾պѾ˳ʣ֮ǰĥûвĵط
ӢԭѾŲ˹ȥ״ֻסһߡ
˾պʶ۳һ֧ʡ
۾һɱǵһҽ˵ڸӣѧҲ˰ꡭ˾պԾѣͿʹ˼Сӡ
Сһſ䵽ϣ졣
ǳɹˣ
㶣ʶ˵Ӽ򵥡ȿһſӣܵϵص˿ǣ飡黭˵˻мƲ𣬼ٵľǼٵģ㿴һģһԻסΣʼղġ
ʵϣ֪֮ͨ󣬿ԻΪʵʵܻˡһͨ
ֻǸܴﵽˣЩɹͨǲ˻û˳ɽ٣׽֮лҷˡ
黭ΪƤǡ˻һڻڻǾ֮ǰ˵ʶ黭ҲΪ棬ʵҵʶڣֻе˻񾳣ؼġ
ַΪﶼܻʱͨҲʹˡ
ϵ飬ֱͷ˻ﾳ˵Ʒʺܲġֻ̫ܵأק˩
⼸仰ûʲô⣬˾պʶüͷ
Ӣǣһ䣺Ůѡеĵ£
˾պһӾɢˡǫһ£ֻлܳ棬ĲС
Ӣ鷳ƣЦһ£㵽Ƕϲ飿
˾պϲܿϽʲô𣿡û飬Щ죬Ǹ·üΡ
ӢֵĶ˲ձõĽ顣
˾պͷҲǡ
ľ龧ʯ֮ǰߴ͵Ǽ飬ɫȭͷģ飬ֻνŻ顣ͳһľϻӣҵһš
װľϻӵݸ˾պͺãܻǿ
ľϻ˾պֻǰһϻװһʺ硣
Ǹʺһϲ
˾պʶϸϸش󻹸ӢлҼסˡ
ӢͻȻеɺͬˣΪ֮ͻȻ۾ᣬ˵ɡ
Ҳ֪ܻ졣
ȥܿһ
Ҳûʲôá
˾պ洫ı𣿡
Ӣ㶣Ҫͼ˵ุܶĸЩĶΪŮʱļױ
˾պ˫۾ӢƸ뷨ʶصͷǣ
˾պ̫ˣҲҪӷŻľϻľϻ˹ȥ
Ӣࣺã㲻ҪǾ˰ɣľϻȡ飬ǿ޳ָϹ
һͣ˲ˣӢӡ
Ӣһֱһס
û뵽ӣ޾գȥ˾ͺһҲװˣֱ黭֮ｫסȡߵӢǰʱӢľϻϵ֣һЦҵӡ
ںûб伱٣
ｫ齻ҵʱ˵Ҫ˲ʶȤϾͷҩոˣֱӼҵӡˣҩ㿴ġ
ȥ˲࣬ǲǻȣһֱң
٣ɣ˶ʱʲôң
ӢסϡδС˹
彩Ӳȴûƿ
ʱ򣬲ŸЩȻԺûˡϣ࣬ңΪʲôԸ⣿
ࣺ㻹ᣬ츳ߣͻɣҡһӣӦõͷˡ
ڲã춼һУʲôɡɡ
ַĵطлǽ̵ս
ࣺжˡ֣˽§ס
Ӣ۽Ƴ˾պȴѻ˷䣺Сӣ
ڣϣоԼΪһأ˾պʣҩ
ʲôҩô
ԭϽҲЩ߰ҩ
˾պûҩ
ϲҩ
æýͷö಻һĴѶǧλͬšѲĵ˾еܣĹٶҪ򽻵
Ѽ˲ǻ˸Щ˱ȽϿɡ
Ǻһ㣬ǰֱӴݻСأڵɱСˣѭ򽥽ķʽˣ˵ǰȻ˸£Ԥ֪ܲ㡣
ܲʦ̫ˡ
׼ȷԤһδľ͸ˣôһͨɸѡɶһС˰ڡ
һĲ
ΪЩˣȫ죬Ϊɾ֮ϣ
ǳˣͿͳӢڻӵ
ΪԼˣʶ۾
ͷˣæûڵأǡ
һ̣е˦ȥˣ
Ҳʱ䴫Ѷٴη⡣
һ̣࣬İ飡
ͳӢæֿ侲鷭ͿдֱȥϵĹдϵѲѽĺù鰸ĺ
޹أĺڹؾõа޹Ϲа飬ѱݻ٣δдڰϣе൱Ͻ飬˼ϸдĺʱùĶõĲƷ鱩¶֮ıͬŵȵȣдн
ﲢն̣
ϵѶˣٲ顣
еİͻȻ£ţʧȥһйâ
һ飬ˡ


149 ף
Сɽ磬 붾֡
һλ׷Ƥ˵ʯԱߣϥϷһ᰸顣󷨽磬Ѷȷȫã Ψⰸ黹д֣ԡ
֪дʲôˡʣ дСػĴ󰸣Ӳְ鵽̾ʱǡһ Ҳ˵ؼǺĺˣϵȷЩԣ д࡭дЩȥ ЩҲǣ ҲοολȥݵϵĹٵ׶ֺȻС
˸±ʣдˡ
ʯͻȻôд±׷ɱ㣿
ˣҪˡǿЦһ£ˣ˻ΪǱɱģʱ򡭡ȿȿȡҿͦ˼ġ
Ц˼˵Բס㰡 ϻơʯ˶Ǵӵ̽ԴôǶ˶˵ֱ Ҫٶȿ ӳȥˡ
㵱ôѡֻţޡ
ˣΪӲӲǣûӻµ
֮ǰ ûע⵽ ǰİһֱڷ⡣
ѭŹ ˱ɷڡһͷ˾͸ֱ˰ɡ

黭
üͷİ顣
Ӣοô룬ʱҶǣҪͻȻһ˻ɡ
û뵽෴Цһ£̫ˡϵǼһֱƲ̫ϣȻС
ŵ˾ͷ˶û⣬˶Ŀ飬ˣᱻôԵķֶκŪסܺ˶ûȥأôŹϵСصĻҲùôҶŶԡ
Ӣԣ
බ˶ǰİ飬г˵ԣһˡ˵꣬еİٴ𣬲ЦŵϵĹ²Ǹ
ոתΪϲΣ
һط飬ҫĽʱֶЩûס顣ˣҪϲ£
ǰӶ𤵽ˣԯܵλ
ͬص£ϣˣ
ҲʱڴţһŰ׹Ȼ
һ̣ڿɲǣ黭΢΢ҡ޳ѩףһϸۣͷ˫ǣһצ
һ˫ɫεķ򣬡Ҳˣ
ΣԶ֮
ڰǰʱͻȻڿг鴤һ£ֱ׹Ϊˣȴûջء
һϮ£ͷϳǵԶ֮㶣һڴΪҪˤʱһƬ޴ıҶ£Ҷ֧𣬸պùп
ҶԶ֮ƮȺ
ˣ
һʼǱŽ˾Լֵ˼ʤѩ·ҪҶţ޸ֱ֪֮˵ʲôźá
ѳɹˣ
ӢѪȶצֻά֡
Զ֮ԼʮϢ
Ҳˣ޹ؽҪûоѪ츳츳ĻԺȻģֻʱѡ
Զ֮ͷиѪ츳ʶؿΡ
ΣҲǹʶĿ𣿡Զ֮ҪһЩоҲɡ
Զ֮ҡͷף
𾪣ʲôף
Զ֮һЦһ£֮ʱҺܶںˡ
й»壬ѹˡҲԣķ磬֮أĵطɺϴյһųɾԶ֮ףѪ
ףҵԽ࣬ҵʵԽǿ
ࣺţϡе츳ͨ˵ֻлѣϵû˵ףͨġ
ǰԶ֮ú˵˼𣿡淢ʡ
Զ֮˿ͷǵΣ΢ЦŵǡԼ֮ĵ˼Ҳǽ֮ܿ⡣Ťͷ˾պͷҲУԶ֮ʱЩԣ˾պһֱ
ͼ˾պ৵һ³֧ϣվǰ˵˿˿ԭ˵Ҫ㵱һ
Զ֮Цסǣ
Ц꣬ͼҲվ˹˫ֺʮ˰ݣϣ˳鵽Ļ֣
Ҷƽƽġ
ߣϣҼջָɾһ˵һ͵εĶӡ
Զ֮
ĸоһߣʮ
Ӣ߹ó̰ϣ㣬ҺͲսΪ£ͺײ롣
Զ֮Ĳġ
ĵ˾жˡ
ȷù󣬵˾Ѳ鿪ʼץˡҲǴȥϵ飬˾ܵ¯չ꣬ˣչ˵ˣ¯ڵĻ¶ڡ
ÿһ˾ֵһǡû⣬һ֪
ЦǺǵ˵ںܶ콾ǰ֤Լûаء
Ѿץ˶ʮһˣεʿ飬Ҳû
ֹա
ʮˣνץЩ˾պǵ˾ʧʧˣ𽥻ϣҲ͵£ʣµ˲زסˡ
ܿ죬ץĶץ꣬ûµĽչ
գʮ塣
ѪҺٴν档Ϊڵûʱôˣҧҧ̹ȥ
˯׵Աߣ˾պͷ
۵û֮ʱоͷ϶һֻȵ֡
˾պ֪ھס
һ̣һŮ𣺡ңڣˡ
͵ۣ
硣
ʮλɾĺѲɸ⡣
ͷ϶һƣȭʱϽζ֣µ˾˾ͷȥһԯ˾ܵ
һʼû˻ɵͷϡ
һһߵ̫ˡѣҲΪΪ׵ߴ󣬻ԵɺϵõŮž츳ͨס磬һλɸؽ磬ҵΪиСصҴˣ
ΪҴ˺ܶഫ
ܺߵָأȥһˣ
Ϊ鷳󷽷߳ɸһϮ£ü۷͸һ⡣ֻǵɨһۣһƤΣС
λѺܻ˵Ѫͨȴ֪
Խδ֣˲ʵܹ鲻öԸʮɾѲ飡
Ȼ˿̼ˣ˾ѲǶ˰Ѻܾãʮ˼Ҳһס
ﶥס佣ѹ룡
ջĿ⣬߰ɡ
ȡһˡ
˿ǽЦһ̵֣ȸҶ֣Ҳܳе֤ף˾úˡ
ʱϷһֵֻ
ͷһŮӽεУ˵ңô
Ŀͣϣ˻֣们⣬¶˰׵Щ۵󣬡ȥͣ˵ڸôأ


150 ˺
˾ץˣ ץĻ
һĻͨˮֱӴεǰ
ε벻ԼˣԼȡΪ硣ʱ Ԫ񶼸оһ˺ѰʹƳ̫Ѩ ѵص˵һ仰 ´ΣҪˡ
æϢ
ۿ˾Ҫ˴ԯ磬 ҿһֺֻӸ߿£ ͷ ȵͷУˡ
顣
ֻô֣һ۶ܿд֮˶еĸж
ŵ
иٵϵʽѡ飬ǡǼץʱ򡭡
ͷһ ǹϵ죬¾ͼ˰
ˮϣָĶӣǸ ˣ ڻ¡
ڴʲô±ȼһҪ
һֵ̣򣬻һֻ޴𽣬 £ ʾϣ վȥɣȴûߡ
ͷһԼצϱ˸ʱȳ򣬵µĵ˾ʿΪɾȴЩֻȷˣ
ʮ˷Ӧ죬ѸٽסΡ
ͷֻ赽ԯһ˼ɣ˰޹أȥĶԡ
Ǿ͵ңȥǵ˾
ٴᣬһɫë͵˵˾ѲܣͷƤ£һȺ˶亹乡
ǧҲˣÿ
ն֮ϣǲһ죬Ӧϣһ̣ϸ߿գϵ򵭵ʧˡ

ˮһֱ۵׵ŵЦ
ȥ죬ǲǾץˣ
ۿӰʧĻֻһͷҲ·գֱӱ¶أ
ʱؼͻȻһ

ƣ硣˶̧ͷĻͼͷ֮ϣ˹ƺƺ϶ˣһڰӡ
˿̰ҡΣ˵ϡ
Ȼ˭ײӣ
ǰӣаӣϽʿ޷½磬б֮ģĴܷǣΪײǿӣǿӾ͹϶ˣ֮ϣе
ͼ£һ׹䣬ڿзֱ˵⡭
Զ֮ͷЩΣؾ£ΣһΪʲôȻû˵˵һǼûаյ¡
ˡĺˣײ㡣
ڣˣ
ˮϣȻͣ˿С
ϵ֮ǰ򶨣̧ͷôˣǰֻһ֮Ȼ޷Լһ
ûзӦȻŮѲ֮ϡ
죬ֻȫۼ£Ƥֱеѱ顣
ҲʱǰƾճһŰƣһŮӳǰ룡
ҴޣһһҲ˲Ϣ֮䣬ȥ졣
ͻأ֣
ŮΪҪǰһ
Ȼвδֻ֣˦ӣӳһݣˮķЦһ˵Ǿ߰ɡ
Ӣոǲڿǣţ
û
ΪͷôеѵƶŮỤף
̾˿λ£;ﲻնĵ˾û򡣵Ҳɾ۷壬ʵӦûŮ
Ůִ⻤
ɢ棬˿ŵ
˿ΣʣôĶ񻹻𣿻һ𣿡ǧŮֻܲһ˰ɣĶԵڰ
˾պԼЩԣɵĺʱ
Զ֮ĵֹЩ
ֱ˻Сص֮˲Żǰ¶ûֱأԶ֮һֽֽȼЩ̵ˣͨҳȡСصˣӶıˣѣΪ콾Щˣڱ֮ǰúõĻŰ
ֱͨ˵ģԣջΣ˵һֱȴÿһߵúʵ˵ҲЩһҲۡΨһ֮ھѪҲŮйأҡ
ǵǵһһ̽αʵֱӲٿأǿ϶
ֻǽⱾӳȥԼȥʳõСգУֻҪڹؼʱ̴ȺϽһǵ˶ѡʦ֮ͼ򵥵ö࣬һ˽һ㣬ᱻ֡
ԣڿһسвŻ˵Ǿ仰´ΣҪˡ
λԸѱ飬ֱӻٵˣ˺ܿͱֶλ֮ˣԶǼСصҪ
ԼȡλĽѵֿҳȥײСˣѡһЩڶصĵơ
Լһһı¶Ҳǣϡ
û⣬˾߶𣿡
ࣺǵģڶǿȷˣͨ˾ֻܷˡ
˾պüǻѻꣿ
ã
ΣϽûɻ𣿡ɻ޶ûУ
Ů
Ϊ½ײᣬ۾Ǻģۣҧгݵ˵Ҳһǡ뵽֣˵ģָλŮͬĿڣ˿
ɫ䣬⣬ʹãʹãһֱûλ֣ԷΪ
ֻأ㶼Ҫֱ˺ˣ
Σ˿
˺ĲУ
Ҳʱһֻ;޴ͻأ黭⣬ŵ黭˶סʲôޣ
񣿡

ֻ񰡣ȻȲ黭
ܸоһأͻὫ黭
޷µΡȥֻ˼顣Ҫ½Ҳͦ鷳ԣֻܼϴҵһЩʱ䡣
̫ˣûУŵǣ
£ֻǣ̫㡣
һεŮ˵̵˼ռֻ񡣡ˣո˵ľŮ
һ˺ãͽû˵ʲô᲻ͬ⡣
ŮˡЩУˣҽܺÿ㡣
ҪھͰ㹳ֻʵڲܻ᲻
˺죬ҪʲôֱӸ̡
ܶﴫߴߴȸ֣һûϡ
˵룬䣬ǵ飬ҵֻǰ֪ΪΣƲסԼᣬޣѪԵӦȺΧʳǸѲ˸ϵǣȾҵ


151 
º͵𣺡У е죿
е
죺йϵ
˾ȥˡû쳣

黭ϵ˶ܽš
رѾ˵˾ûз쳣֮εĶ Ȼʶļ̣ʹ֮࣬ л˲հס
ѹ˵ûĻ˾÷ˡ
λع ֹס˿еֽճȭ
ʱ ʵǿ ǲǾͲýϣڱϣ ĵصȴ
һѻգѸոɣ۾ɬͫವȼػ磬ƮʹҲһʵʵ֮С
˾պ쳣ɱ¾Կٱǿ ҪѹЩѪɷ
죺ǾͰɡ
䡱һ죬ѪҺ˵̰ ˣ΢΢ ˾պţˤڵء
ڣǵ½

뾡ҵУȷŵһߡ
죺԰ Ҳ˵ֱӴ졣ɻ޳һ٣ ˳ǲİҡҲҪǿ׳ģ ÿǲǿиɣһٶðҪ޹أһúչġ
⡭
Ȼص˼άʽһ֮ʱ˾պѽãм԰ҲǾɻ޿ˡ
˿κڵѪҺڳ磬ŵֱ֮ӵ£˾պδ𣬾͸оһգǸڿУѪ츳˵Ȳɿ
񣺡С˺ҪѽͦãˣӦþһˡ
ȥˡ
˵ʶʱ䲻ʧ»кܶණ͹ǰɣһҪչ˺ǵ˺С
죺Сõİ𣿡
ͻȻԶ֮һ˲һ׵˾պ΢̺£ͷ̵شҶվԼ˵ǡôһȣԶ֮԰׵ϾͶһĨ죬ԵüΪϲಡ
ʱ̵𣺡λСһǺܶءµһƬ棬¼˾պʱΡ
ͨƬ֪µԨ֮УҲ֪ˣһСһ˩ڼѵαԿ
С˩మ¾ƣԽԽ
յϢȥǸСأͷ֣ͼϳ֣Զ֮һţһӵ˾¹קˣͨͨм¼ɲ飬ǣǱ֪κ˾պҲڲ黭ڡ
û취ֱӷɵԨײġ
ǵҲѹµ硣̫ԶˣԶЩֶͨҲû취أû취Ϊʬǡ
ˣЩԾ˼˿Եִ黭ǰ
ЩϸڣֻеʱƬ֪ǻŪݲ֡
죺ټλɷܿԶ֮ѩ׵ĳʱøУ
Զ֮ͷӦã
ֻҪʱƤøҲѣͷ϶һ㱡ĺ顭
˽۵غҪѪˣ
Զ֮ҡЩվȣʶȥץס˰˽Ҷ
һλûץסһҶһĿĵѪۡ
ڣٴδ𡢱𡢱ˡ
Զ֮Ǹ飬Ѫ츳ȴζ
̾Ϣһ˵ú塣
оǵߴԼƿԶ֮˿
һֱ͵͵ô֮ࣿǰúõģʱڵȥ
Զ֮ҶϣֱӱĿ
뱻Ůϡ
ǰѵ˾λ˾Ҳˣͨ󣡡
ͷٴͳѲ
׽÷ʱҪӰ¼ЩѲҲ󣬿ͶӰһˮ׽÷ʱΣ֮ǰ˾ץǾͨѲϵˮԹ۵ġ
ˮϣ
˿̵Ѿû֮ǰ߸ϵ̬ǰĺŮ͸˿˿ʹ죬㲻ң
糺ɫȹŮԸߴ£һʼֻҷȹڷɣнȹζǷĽɫ߽ˮųڷѩɫڽεϵһ
ˣǣŮ
ͼ΢̧°ͣЦ˵ҵȻ㡭
ȡһسޣԣ飡
ָץһˣУҪʧ
ˣͣŮʶؿ˾պƽʱô
˾պǺǡ
ˮϣ֪ɻ̶㲻ȥ㲻ӲֱӵҲ֪Ķ
ǰһȣЦЦǵƶɵıΪҲͷѪα
俴ѪУΪˣ
Ϊѱκ˷УƵķ¡
ܿĻЦһĻŪô¡Ͳϧһдۣǳ׻Ǳ飬һ޴Ը
Լ񣬶ңͰȡһôѡҽŲᱻ緢֣粻ԼĿɾͲһЩײСˣΡεأνĲҾܻܿ֡
̵ô˵ǻøлˣ
вÿɷ񣬼ĻֲңǱ飡
ڸ˾еڷֵ飬ǲǺܾȣ
˸Ѫ츳죬ˣѪƵ鲢գҲû𣬷ǲĻ֮С
˾ֳһشصС磬͵˸ĵ˾ֵ
ұеĵ˾λйһԵֻߵùľѪ֮΢ѪУҵе踽ʱָܵ⣬ѡЩ˻ΣΪϢֻΪܱƶ϶ֱӳе˻һƬصҼûأûֱˣͬѪ츳죬Ҹա㲻㣬һУǹһ
ڣлء
ҲǸҲЦЦ϶ң
ȴҪҵѪܱѣͻٴ˯ԣһʱһΣꡣ
̹ס۹£죬ܲܣһŮɣƺԼ˶Ĵ
ǰǻٵһЩεײСضѣ֣ʲô
һᣬԭġ


152 
ǰ㣬 ˵ֹǣ
Цһ óĩ˵ס°ͣƿ ԰Сضѡ
¶ϲɫ һתžһ³鵽ϣһͷѣ ҷΪ˽ף һб ָǱվŵҿλСֵܣ˳ۡ
û뵽ŮἰԼæ޶
죺Һ¡Ҹճˣ˵ģ취ҵ飬 ѾεСأ½˾жصң رЩ棡˭ҵ飬 һԴѪһ£ߴе 
Ѫ 죬 㡭
ŮŻͷһۣ¼磬Һܹϣֱӳеᡣ
ǸôоôУ۹ҵ飬ȳ˺õĵᷢҲǲԣ
Ȼû뵽Ů顣
͵ǰô˼
ҵĸ鶼Ǽٵģôأ˼ٵġ
죺ġ
Ǿαǲѽ̾ϧؼ̫ˣЩҲ˵һҲ֪˺û᲻ᶮңﻹûб˵Ų࣬ȹڸ߸Щˮ׸ǡ
ˮǰļ˷׷͵˾պ
ʱһһһ˫ˣ᲻˶ã߾ͻһȺ
Ŷֹ
ô飬ֻҪƵϵģһԵ
˾պɷɽӰֻһˡ
ࣺһŵˣձ
Ӣֻ֪㲻˵ڻ֪㲻˾պŨҵѪɷѹƲסˣ
ĺȹ£¶һݵУͷˣˣ˯ͷˣԶٳ
˵ʲôݻУ֪ͷӸµؿһĵصģ㲻ġ
˾˾´ʿæµĿľΪҳ飡
ţһֻֻͣ黭⣡
е˾һʮֻޣͷͣ˾ֻһͷĶǷֵ͸
߱黭˵ȫˡǴҴҿ˼ڲֵ뿪Ͼ͵أкܶĽŶء
ߣǺŶҸһֱ黭ͷ͵
һֻؿһۣһһ龫ʯһĹ
ס󼤶غҲȥҲȥҪʯΣСرֿȻͷĹ͵͵ǻᱻ˾ץߵģôõĸǮᣬԲܴ
ôݷŮȻѪѡ
ǾֻԶ֮˾պȥӴ˵⾫ʮĬ
Զ֮Ϊߣ־Ѫͷһ˫޷ȥһ۾ܿݣ˴ҶΪŮĵһ
˾պȻһɷŲˣȴ޾亱ĿٱĬǵڶ
ŮǣаֻҪúÿܾߡǰаģ߲Ͳˣ
Ůλ
˵ԼЩ󱲻лᣡ
˵ӴƼԼҺ󱲹ź˾պԽԽڣɷҲԽԽŨ
ա
λûͻơ
ֱԭط
ˣ
⣬
ʱԶ֮Ȼʧˡ
黭վһǶķǰ
ǰղָ㲼õġ
Ϊ֮ʿֱӷɵĽ֮ڡ
󷨸ղû죬Ȼ˵Σ˭Ҫˣ
ǲͬǵĽǰһֱнϽѡһ̳߳Ϊ˵һĽҲû뿪һ磬ȥ𴦡
Զ֮ǵһһʿ뿪磬λ⣬̫ңԶˣǿľģҲѹ缴ĵ˭
˭أ
Զ֮Щضŷ
һ֣ʱܡЩŽϼһ
ڵһҲУݽ̫ãڿ϶û
ӦǵŵǿߣĪǣʦʦҲţ󷨵ĿЩڴˡ
ֹһڳһǿ⣬ţһ˳
һ̣һҽ𣬡ʹʹʹڳһˣ۵ش
Զ֮סô㣡
ҲҴҹæΪھܲסϽóһſУ
պн͵ͷпԶ֮ȡһŵҩι£ô£
۵ôһ磬ɫ㲡
ػһСͷǳؾǸʲô龧ʯ
Զ֮Ŀ˹СͷϣͷоŵƣȴֻʣһĽˣͷǳͷκر֮Ҳ󲻳˵ĳͷʲô
ͷˣҲ
Զ֮ʲôãи˵ʮαɲʲôɾ磬Ǹ飬ʲôô
κζմߣԹĿ
Ȼĵ˵֮ڰɡ
Ȼײأе͸Ͻͨࡣ
˼Сͷ˵㣬ʲôãڿ󣡡
ڱ¿ʯСһ˵ûڲĶ
Զ֮һ㶣˾պ
ոΪ׵˾պϥ·Աߣ΢̧Ƥּ
ǵɾ
ɾ㣡
Զ֮Цһ̫йأ
˾պߵԱߺ󣺡ŵʱ̫רע֪ŵѷ
ŵûɣˣ
Զ֮Сͷֱһͷ˾պϣѵһ죬ڽһ
ﶼˣ֪˾պɷжˣĵԶ֮ȻǵһģҲô
ס˾պȴȻûǶСͷ¶һ˼ģ
˾պʣŵСͷѰǲǿˣ
ͷǵġ˵ûڲĿ󣡡
˾պЦһ£á֣Сͷ֪ոǲ˺ңҪԼֱϡ
Сͷ˶ǲ˺Ǻѽ
Ȼ˾պҪʹӦϾ˾պϵζҲء
СͷͷҹȥһΣûѵײ˾պһĿӣʱѪע
Ѫ⣬ʻ̫о̫ܲͷҵ̫ͬ
ҵ̫ҵ飡


153 
ϱСͷ˿ڻѪ ˾պһҲۡ
ĿƵضСͷúܿ졣
ϴβֱۣ˵Ѿǻˣ ҪӦ̫̫ܡ
ֻʱ˵£ʲô
˾պ˽ȥʣ ֮˵һܡ
ôѪ⡢ʣ գΪԭģ һֱ޷ҵ飬 д Իع鱾ԴСͷĳ֣ǸһЩϣ
ۡ
Ǵع鱾Դ϶ܳܳһʱ䣬ʶȫޣ˯
ѪѼʶˡѪͻӰ죬 ǸŮһ֮ѾΧ߰ʮ  һȺӽ
ͺˣ
Сͷûʲôǵƴӵ׶һֱˣִӶ䵽ײ
أ õȵȣ ǺϡУ ҺܾáʣΣ
ǹòģֻŨôһ·˾ƣЩͷΡ
໹ԱߵҪչ˺ıֲûѹأΪӦϽȻ㿪û˵꣬Ѿ˵һԵڵأ֮£ֻֻ˸ˣչ˸ոշĹ
˾պԶ֮ǻչ˵ģһһɷԼ˿ڶܣһʱţ·ҪҶ
ֻٵˡ
˭Ǹ̫ˡ
ȥˣСͷԭزԶ֮˾պעһϵĿ֪СһɷǸݽɫȴ˿˿ǰװң˺õ˿˿ο
ճͷ˾պѪ˿ھȻϣԶ֮ʱо֮Ĳ࣬һʱ
˾պŶǿ׳ָúܿ죬С˲µġһ£˽ǣಡǶѪ˽úչˡ
˽æǵȻ
ҶƬ˶Ұźÿɺˣ
˾պŵͷ˽ôһСβ͵ġ
Զ֮վ˽ǻ굽棺ˣҡ
Զ֮
ʶ
ϲԣСͷϣʣҵ飬ֲСأδãһ⣬Ͻʿ½磬ֻ̣ͷҲޣУû취Υ
ֺǿ¹Ȼǹסġ
½СصȥƷºܼѡֿҳ·߿ͱƣ£顭ܸо½ʿȥܿȥһһ
˾պ룬˵ޣ
Զ֮ø˾պ̫֮࣬ǰκʱίʵмۡ
ȥһ޵ʵеΪߣֻεĽ洩һǿȥ½磬͸顣ô˵ٲٵõ飬ͷ˾ȳ˵ɣˣҲˡ
˾պûԶ֮յվţĵ浱ʹ㣿Ų˿˿ĵ£ڵ򽻵źʡ
⻰˾պͷáһ£㲻һ˿˿ˣȻ֮Ѳɡ
˾պ𽥷䡣
Զ֮ɫŮϲǸҲǸӡǸޣҲ䣬Ƥ׵ù֣߹ǼϸžݣһԶ֮ʮˡ
˾պ̶ˣҪ뿪Ͼˣһ壬ȴԸеһ
⻰еζ˾պԸ˵ԸƲסͱˡ
Զ֮㲻ˡ
֮ǣΪһ϶ݡ֮
˾պЦЦΪȴһˡʥǴѪϵһ˿˿ȻҲˡ
Զ֮˵ˡ
˾պֱȥԱߣԼ뷨ͷѾȥƵһ峤ˡи⣬һ壬ۻʵôأ¾ǧ飬˵ۻ峤ȥʵܵѹƣ겻
˵һѪɷѪɷͻȽŷʵͺһƬȾණͷɲˡ
ϧû˭޾츳ǲǲκƣ硢طԿȥá
˾պ뵽Сβ͡
Сβ;ѺǼͼĲѿ˵Ľͷֱ굽ڣӶﵽƵĿġ
Զ֮˵Ǿ˲츳
ʱ˿˿˵ԺҪ츳Զ֮Ĵ
ڣ·ڵ˿˿ھѪܾ츳
˾պ߻Զ֮ԱߣףҪôã
֮ȣ˭ǿ˭
֮飬һϣɵԸһбΣա
Զ֮üͷѾùһˡ
ײӵʱ
ʱ룬ֱܽͱ죬ȻͻȻһѣΣţ졣ʱɫɷסѪҲΪʩչף֮ԵʣܳɹײӣҲṩһЩ
ʩչף
ˣҲѲë
Զ֮ԡ
·ߣʼԼѪ𽥷𵭵׹⣬Ȼʱ·ֱɸ߿ա
һ̣һԳڷԾǵĽɫȴֲĽͺͷĽɫ۳ɵһͷ·ûʵ壬һ⣡
ڣŮľա
Զ֮ЦˣʡˡûüףѾԼҪѪ츳
Ǹ谮Ĺ
ڣÿԼĴˡ
ϣδ˾պҾˣ
շһȦˣҾˣ
ţӿ£ҪΪΣɲǣαס壬ͷһ漴Щ졣
ʱ·
һϮȹ
ɫȹ
վΪУϣǹƣʱס壬Ҳʱ򣬸ûʲôһ
˾պüʱ
ʱֻŮ˵Ҫд󣬻֪֮æʣʲôˣҵҵ𣿡
˾պ˵ĻΡ
Σڻûҵ飿
ԣСͷҡ
㶣Сͷ
СͷŹŵˣ֪һֱѰڿһ£̫ܻһʱ䡣Ҳ֪ǵ˾ҵÿ죬Сͷҵÿ졣ʵϣ˾պΪǺߡ
˹ûͨңҪҵʵ̫ˡ
ＱȴҲֻ֪ܵȽ
ϸ˿˾պ⵽·˿ӣϡ
ϵ˿Ѿ裬һɫỊ̇һ£Сͷú𣿡Ļİָ̺ۣᴥһ
˾պ赭дصֲۡ㼴ջ֣ǽʱ򣬻Щ
Σһ¡ָĦǵ˺ۣרעᡣ
˾պ
ô죬Ҳˡ
Զ۾ո˾պһɷأôȫûˣ
ӢЦЦ˺Ůλ²򵥰ԺŮһеŶ


154 
οʼѪ츳
ڰһ ҶΧţʩչ츳
ΪΣڿ֡
ʩչѪ ĵһ£Զ֮Ĵ
ȥˣ ȥˣ˾ͿǹһžҲŮټˡָо ·һ澵ӽͻأۡ
֮ǰС࣬ ûʧ֮ǰ Ѿһֻµ ͷӵ𣺡ѪҲҲˡͶµһ磬Ѿ˲һɡ
ƿǶ֮ʱ͸޵ɾΪ
ˣžͺ˰
Ѫ⣬һ
Ȼǰʱ Ҳһ򣿽ʮ꣬ûһ츳ͨ
Ǿ͵ȷܺˡ
ҶûҵȥĶڵǲûͷӬһҷɣ ֱӷɳһ硣
˾պ֪ڸ ޹Լܲ׽һϢ
Զ֮ԼĴ﷨ͳָָ ͷ
˾պ㶼ܷĴڣ Ļ ܽҲΣաһȥһʱܷܣһ㣬нʱҲչʾˣһȥͱ֣ӶԼΣվء
Զ֮һЦʲôҶܣ
б˾պһۣ˵ʶδС̯֣Ҳµġ
һ̣Ǵ﷨ͷԣգ۾Զ֮ЦЦ̫ģڣıʯˡ
˾պ㡣
οԼÿһξѹǼ죬㶼ɵģ⣬ƽϣôࡣ
ڣڵ鲻ȴǰ˯ô꣬ʵӦò̫ǿϽ磬Ƕ׽飬񲻺öԸΪص½硣Ȼ½Щ˵˿ֲĴˡ
䣬һֱܰߵͷȱʧܶණ벻Ȼᵽʱľ֪Ŭ
̷ɵͷϣͷֲ𣿡Աߣ黭ĵض裬һڵûУǣһʲô
һɽͷһͷ˯
Ӧþ˿˿ĵҲĵ£ʵûһӡ󣬲֪֮䣬׷ʲô
ССͷ£ԴǰȥЦŵ뵽ˡǼǵòࡣ
ΣҪȵ󣬸ϲ״̬һһãһ¡
룺Ҫİ˶Լøɸɾöİ
˵֪֮Ĺ£ɵΪȻһֱԺãֻһ£϶
Ϊѹס˱ܡ
磺
ʼǵʶ
׹䵽Ķ飬ԣ;ô
һߺȲ裬һ˼ǱߣٴδϽԣܲ굽Ͻ
ѪԿȥμȻѪͿʱˡ
Ҫԣ˾պ˵ȵȣһȥ
ովѣ츳ڵһ׶Σ϶˱ˡ
˾պҲǱˡСزǿɻǶԱ˴˷ſ鸮йڣܵƻСЩ
˵Ҳǣˡԣ
˾պͷšѾˣ޴εСأȻٴա
ñѾ˾պñߴεСء
ߣ
¼Ҫøˣ
ŮСѽˡ
ˣ
Զ֮ںȲ裬䲻⻰ЩǺסҿ
ŮС鰡
Զ֮ǡԶԶԣ顣
Ҳǿ˲ٻˣе죬ʶӣ־ƹֵֹġ
ַŵÿ֪Ķˡ
ӱ£ӵסϰʱָһûһӡ
ƿߣаɣСľͺá
˾պѾվһС
Сزͷطźܶ෢ʯͷʮɫۣԱɺ͹βͲݡӲӵƮϷһůС̫
Ũůĸоյȷ磬ڴʱ˾պ˵һֻ˯֮С
ǣǺߺβ˦žžЩˡ
Ƴ˱һۡ
Ƭ̺󣬱ֵسԱߣξӣݵغ𣺡˾պӲţ
ͽȥԭϲԵĲѷŽȥ˳ʱǣ˾պȻȳ
ıˣ
˾պǻɷļһɾö࣡
Զ֮һ۱ߣֳ˳Σǲ̣ǿЦʣ˾պȻô
ů紵κ۾ϵ˾պ͵ۣ˿˿Ļ棬ʱͷƤ飬һ˲䣬Ʒ紵УڷյСײòϢ
߹ЦӴǣ֪˰ɣҰ
СůʶЩ㱣ðβŵȥ죬Ҫʲô
ֺҪң
˾պ˼Щ϶ʶСⲽ
εʱùֵֹģĲӣͺƲļϣúܡ
С˵߶
˾պϷɰɡ
ڣŮ𣺡Զԣܲ졣
ٴλϸ߿աؼûĿȥκεط˺ѷ죬δƬޣβ֪أһأ۵ֱˣ
죬Ѫĺܴ󣬶ʱڣѲٷɵڶˡ
˵ڶûȥ졣
Щżʱ߳ϼ⡣
һƶΧס
ã
С˺죡
Щ񴫵ݹмֲУûǲңĳߡ
δδô
ҲһҪ󺰵ĳ嶯Ȼ˿۵ѣſ죬Ӳһ䵽ǵĶϸһౡ
ͷĽӯǵ̰
˾պͷһ£ˣ
ͺòˣܲ븹ˣವıСˣһأ
˾պСе޿
һŰ˽ס˳
Сأ磬˾պ˲ѹ޴ٽȥһˣٳʱѾһЩϻӡ
ѹ˾պһɷʮֹɵظǰ׼õҺ˿˿׼ļ񡣡
Σˡ
û˵ֻ͵˾պһۣ룺á
úÿֳּңر࣡ãµó
ֺǺǵؽӹϻӡ
½ʲôö
С޵һ⣬һúϧ
ŮУȻĿסʲôζЩƮߵ
Σ
ŶԱɣԣɣԭҲЧ
͵þˣ


155 ɵ
Ҳŵֵ Ǹģǿĳ嶯ϵعرϻӣ С
Ȼȥ
˺죬ûﲻʻ̣ ЩϣǸŮӣ ϰҲޣΨͷЩס
ҡͷ˾պһ һ˩ ϽǵӰ켸ûС
ǡ
ո˸ Сβٴ˹ȥ˯ܾáֲ޺һЩûпѹ綼Ỻݽߣֲᣬ ֻǻڻ˯ĹУӦƬء
ֲô رǹβͲֲ ʢĶ
Ȼ죬С˺죬 ļҡѪһգ ûȥúòһѪ
ǰĿŮ׷ױ Сڸ׵ļϣҲһС˺죬ұ
Σ
ǰСʲôɫĶУ㶼ɵúܵͣһſȥĳӡ
һ༷ȥһߡ
û
˾պѾʼ˼Ӧѡ˭ˣ¸صΪѣˣʵ̫ǿƬָҫոһʱֻʣϼ⣬޷ϳǰЩһ̡
ʱ˵ˣҷΪ˲ҵѪһҪȥأȾȳҵԺұŵһؼҡ
뵽ܿĵ۾ЩˣҪһļҡ
ʱϵԽãĴԽΣգ뿪ʱʲôֻ֪ڣĵƣȴûиһյơ
Ϣһ˾ȥСͷҵ̫ˣ̾ܳ
ĬƬ̺󣬷׷״СͶ
вѪѪ֥Ͻԡ
ǲݣһҩƿ쵽ǰǾԪѪˣǲݱУúܣ
ǰܶණΣβÿˡ
ȫҪˣ
˾պ
˵ѪѺɣؼʱͦġϴΰҲǣҶ뱧ѡ˱˭Ҳû
͡
̵ǻۣ
ԭϢûһٴξӡ
޽˾պͽСأ˾պһƬ̵ҶӺһźӣȸӣҪǱ߻ֱҶӣǸƵҶӣЩСһ
˾պ֣صл
ޣҪлңԺ˺Сظλáѹ˵֪ΪΣҾظѪɷ̫ŨˣԺ󡭡
û˵꣬ԸЦˡ
ֻҪ޲ȥͽȥԣҲûʲôõĵˣ
Ҳû׷ЦǵȻǾĺˡ
ΣȥŶ´ǣ
˵꣬ǰһԾûӦ
㶣ٴεѪڿֱӱʱʱ֣оԼ׼òˣٴ϶û뿪һεû취صһ磡
μˣôأ
츳ǿڵĴ磬ڣɲˡ
̳Ĭһ˲ʾ޽˾պ˳ԡ
˾պס׻
찲οǣȸǻ죿
Ͻʿ޷½硣
⴩Խ硣
򣬽װСˣҲû취ֱ½硣˵һ˾պ
زȥˣ
˾պѷǽ
쿴Ǹģ̲סοôԼأҲġôǲ̿õ
ʵҲûϾʮҲû˭ѪǸʲôӣжҲ
ˡ
ԼԵҴҲܴ˴ϣȴǲˡ
ʱ򻹺úõġ
˾պزȥˣ

һ硣
Զ֮ڰ˽ϣǰžƣҹⱭʱʱһΣͷװüҪȻλζҲξƲ
ǰԶһʯСͷ͸ϡ
ɫڳζ˾ƵԶ֮صתʱͱЩҲһ˿ɫϼƲ
һ⣬ŮԶ֮мȤģǴģ̲סٴ䵽ϡ
лף񻹴ȷʵ飬ϸһͻ֣ᷢףѪµġ
һķ磬̽ϣԼŮС̽
ȻԶ֮ûʲôӦ˷䡣
ԥҪҪȥʱԶ֮ͻȻ˵ˣŮô
Цһоˣ
Զ֮Ůϲǿ׳ģ
죺˭˵ģֻҪÿģҶϲ
Сϲʲô
Զ֮΢΢һЦԶ֮
һ٣ŵԶ֮ϲʲôģ
Զ֮һӣǱЩ谵ķʱý̻Իͣȴ룬ڷһǶʯľӡ
վھǰ¶Цݣ۹ⲻȷʵͦÿһ£ЦݸԲãϲġ
죺Ĳȥˡ
û뵽Զ֮
˽ǣǰʱ˾պ˭ÿأ
˵˱˾պÿ
΢΢һʵϣֻҪ۾Ϲֱܷ˭ÿ
˾պϽ֮Ҳʽܼ࣬
Զ֮òͨö࣬һֵȻѵʣĲ԰׺ϧ֮ġ
˽ǣ˾˵Ϲ˵
ЦһҪ䣬ֲŵϹ˵ʲôʵ
죺
úϢ
̫ԼһվӣԼ¾ˡ
оŮԼʧԶ֮ϵЦվԭأú󣬳˿
˽Ǵ󵨷ʣϲ
Զ֮û꣬һ˵ϲÿһ
ʱ⴫СͷǲҪҵ̫ˣ
Զ֮ѭȥͼСͷǵתԽԽ죬ʶ޷׽ɫӰᴩһѽͷ
ԭϣѾһ磬𣬺һɾݺ
һ̣͵ش߸ߣţɢ˵һϡ
ôˣ
н𣿡綼˹û˼䣬и˽Ǹʱ벻ˣҲеǣҡ
ܵ
Сͷ˺һŻ
󣬵ͷ˺һ󣬴ҲŪף˵ʲô
֮£ֻܽ˯κĹǿ
ﱻһȪͷ϶˱˪ҲûڸСͷ֮˷ܵصҵˣֻСͷѹʲôλã
৵ضͼעмɡ
ﳢԺָεһλõϽ֮¡Ͻ·ûСˣ˵Ȼڵײ㣬ײضûǼᣬе˾ķֵСͷҵõ
Զ֮˿˿ʲôʱǲ㵽ʱùȥϾСͷ޷˽һ
գףҲӦøȥؼʱ𵽸á
ֻǣԶ֮üͷܾԼƺʲô
ڣѾڻ·ˣǡ
ͣƬ̺ڴ˵˾պزˣ
Զ֮
һʱЩЦȴЦ
ˣ
Ͻʿ޷½磬б֮ģ
ԣ˭ﲻ˿˿


156 ټ
ηһ硣
оԼӳģ С΢΢͹һСضˡ
غѸϴ磬 ӣߵСͷǰ
˫Сͷ Сͷָܸ·ô
Сͷͷ ¹εεƴ
ȻԸ⣬ ҪôóԵСʯͷ Ҳû Ƿ̫ͻȻˣʲôû׼ȻСͷͻȻﻹǹڻ̾˿ûʰҲûҺúø𣡡
ָܸ㵽Ͻ棬 ָķǰмɡ
ֻǡһǣأܷһȥ
ǵ˸ͷʦʱ㶼ͷǹǣ
һ㤣 ͣʱԼ˵ģ ұͷŷ˲䣬ǴӰɳúչ㡭ﲢûоʲôԣ Ϊͣ һΪף ܹչ˺˾պ˿˿
ҲӲù͸Сͷȥڿôðչ˺á
εöǰ½飬͸ѹ˿ʯһģ
İ
۾̣Ҳһȥѽ
ǲõģ㿴˾պûͷ΢̧һ£գۣҽǶġ
Ƕ˲˺ûǵСأϢǱ룬͵Ҳᱻ֡
Σˣֱ۽磡ôû뵽Ÿ߹޵СôңֱʺԲ⣡
ǵСҲǸиɫ̵СȻһƬͷƯˣһȥЩ˱㿪ʼ裬תܹꡣ
ǻö֯һƥǳɴ
οĵ˵ǶûҽȥҽȥͷȥŪǲܸоҵĴڡ
ڣٴ
ҲС˺ˣǸ˾պ˿˿˿˿˺ŸС
˿˿ҵСã
˵ҵģ
һȵϲСĽɫɳ̲
ҵĻ˹
۲һš
ڴ̣ҶϾҪɼܣ
̵˭ȷʵʱ̡
ʱˣǣΪҲҪĺòã
ǡʱԶ֮𣺡˾պû裬һѾ׵
οԶ֮˾պ裿˵
ţصͷۣΪһ¡
һһλ
УʮλժµϵĻۣûȫժΪǲһ
ǵĻ۶ֱӰεģȡʱմѪǶ֪ʵҲιۣƭ˵ۡ
̡
ʵϣʲô֪ÿһƬۣǳػͰ
˵ǶΪ͵Ǿĺˡ
ȺصȥײԨʧ֮䣬ȴδ
ഫѪС
ʣµʮλûаλۣҲ˺ЩʵƬȡɴƳһͷ׵۷£ȥ½磬۷ƵķҲ٣ܻȫһȥܿ
һȥ
Ҷһ
Զ֮΢΢⣺λ۷ƶɵķ£ʵİټˡ
Ϊ֮ˣºȻԶ֮Īһ˫λεĽ
ϧ϶
£ԭĶ
Զ֮Ĭһ˲ŵ֮ǰǵ޻ᱻӰ죬ӲʵڣԽװСȽȥ飬ޱܳʥҲСأһ۷໤Ƕˡͬ鼹ڣΪʳˣڵʵΪˡ
ٲ飬ҲȽ˾ȳ룬Сͷɵ俪˾պŵҲ˵ûڲĿٵҲϣġ
κηסڲƻˣСͷڣ
༸֣Сͷ֣
εͷţ˾պҲô˵ģ
æȥȥ
ҪС꣬ŵһϤϢǰһ
һŵһ峤
һ峤İֻǿȱ߸Ϊߴһ֦վԵøĿš
ϸϸ֦ǽɫģ֦ϽһƬҶ
峤֦ϣŵǸƵ֦ÿһʱͻһЩ֦ǽ֦ռСӡ
ӰΣʱܻʧ
˭κβáأ˾ʿʱúģܶ˶ﶼǰԵĲѣʱǵ
峤ǹлƽ
ӢϵĻƽܳƣ
峤ؿųӢ
ͼӢŻƽű߿߽ŵأʲô
ͬʱҪʲô
ӢѾƻı߱ϣӾɸȦֱӿ۵ͷϣЦ˵ͦÿ
࿴ϳǸ˱ӧǹû˰װΣͷ΢΢һ
Զ֮߻Թɫ˽´ǶŮϲ鱦ΣҪҪһЩոշԼ۷µԶ֮˲׬ǮĶ
۾һã
峤Цˣһ˺һ½磬ҷġ˵գԭʧ
ȥˡһѵġ
ǣ֣ȥء
Զ֮룬˵һ·ƽûȥףɻߡ
߻ȡһ£峤Ҳȥ
ȻһΣȥεСˣ峤
ߣ峤
ʧؼ䣬߰¶ġǲȥԸ͵͵ϡ
Ȼʱ峤ߴλ±ҪܣûƽĶǣܲˡ
ĵٵˣ˵͵һԾû˵ڿлΪ
ô£
͵˦ͷͻȻӦոǻڣɲ͸պϣ֦пã˾ͲԼҡ߿ˣװͰ͵˵ժˣ
Χһɢƶûһ
ߣ
𣬱߰
£ĵѪࡣ
ͷ³壬ܿ͵Ͻ硣
£ͼûˡ
Сͷָ򶫷
ηǰɣؼˣ


157 
β׹һʼ ΧеĻԹ⣬ǹᴩڻʡ
Խ£ӵĺӵԽխ ӱ٣ٻΪϪ Ϫֱ˿գ ʧ
Ψˮ֮ʣײЩСأ лӭӹȣ õȪ
׹Ĺ̺ ǸΡһֱ³ͣ³δ֪Ŀ־ƴҪΣκε··һֻקԨ
һΣֿ
һΣף ͶԨս
СڵСͷͻȻתһȦǳǰõİţˡ
ˣ
һɻ ǰһƬڰ ʲôȥϸ̽飬ܷһ˿
ϽǵСء
һʩչҶܸӦĴڡ
Ķأ
β֪Ķײʱ СͷͻȻת һֱͣشת һСݡ
ӦСͷ˼ǣ˷
βԥֱǰһԾһ̣ƵĺӵⲻǺӵ鼹Ľˡ
鼹СѰΪֻںڰҲ֪˶ãŵѪζ
ĵʱһš
Ѫ̫Ũ޷壬׸ĸ
ʱСֱƻһָֻ֣˸
޶ѪɷΪУκʶͷҲͨΧѪȷζԴͷ
οǰΡ
úǰһ⣡
ˣУЩ˶ڿ⣡
ȷ⴦ιȻһһ΢Ļ磬еӥǣڿɲˣۿݣǷףһ˫۾
âЩնѣ
һˣﻹһƬѪ⣬ѪӥеĻϷš
ǵŵģǡ
ǰȻ࣡Щ޳ҧݺס
ҵҪߣԲΡעȾҵ
۷£ΪΣֱǰ۷Ƕ˸ɫƬɲǱ㽫ڰƣ£ϻһʺ硣ٲһ˲䣬ŵ˻ͺƣڷķҳ
鷢ˣ
һӴѹѹ䵽ʱֱӷХ紺ֱӽѹ
ʱûܵκвΧڵߵˡ
ŵˣкüʬǣ
ǰ˸һ飬δɱЩʳĶ֮ʱǸӥǵͻȻ̧ͷķ
ǵ۾⡣
Ժ֪Ϊ˺̣λһźǵɱ˱ḷ́ڣ࿼飬йء
˵ǵöá
ȻһΣӥнâǡÿϣڰֱ˦˳ȥ
ʱûгȥƬأǲǣҲȥˣ
ȱɱһߣҲûκη
ʱѾѪĵСء
οٵ峤ŵס𣿰Ҳ𣿡
峤ԭǴ׵СغʹƬڣصСغЩɢ٣˿˵У
˶ôٴηɳһСءΪЩ˻࣬û뵽ס֮ʱȳ
סлʱǸ֮ǰ˼ѷһ˿㣬ЩʬҲߡ
ɳƣ޶Щݡ
Ծܾ
޵ٴɢʬҲ壬Сء
ʱνµġӵӿȳѪҺͬʱкɫ͵ϴ𣬻һͷĺɫһŭצسΡ
ûж㣬ʵǰС糾ѹ㲻ͷ㲻ס
ֻ˦Сͷŭ𣺡СͷϽңݺݵңܵĥⱾģΪСظ
Сͷ˷ܣɲ̫ʲôʲôֻ֪ЩóԵʯͷģҳƬܹͨͨԵ
ϵĽͻأתƵ˳ĵ˲󣬳Ǻڰ͵һӣѵһ죬ţƬ׷׹䣬ݡ
׹Ƭʯతһ£ϵ۷¶һЩ
۲ѣҪЩۻЩɰǣٵңȥ㡣
˵꣬ٴתѪֱһԾ
飬βŸʶȥ֣ǰһ۵飬ԭӴ󵽺ޱ޼ʣȴСͷĹ¿Сܿ죬鼹ƣҳɢأæҳˣ
ȥץץסҳ飡
ץһҳ飬ȻδСء
ʶҳ̫
Ҳԣ·߾ͱҳҳȻûôӲѹСͷҳûаȤЩζ
СͷȫԿ飬νעͶԼСӥƵգѣ۹Ůˣ
Σ۹ŮǸϵô°
˵ۣתתͷƵǰ˼͵ؿһڲԶĲݡһ׵úܣݴ඼ˡ
Σ
ŶˣСﻹװ˺ܶɡ
ո۵ĵˣ


158 
ագӥ˿εЩ ¶ǡ
Σɣɢϲζ˺˵СŨ ݽѾãʱҪ
ԼǲܽСصģ ʶǿԽȥƽʱڷƷõ峤ͨ巢ڣ ʮܵӣιһЩȪ ˣ ӦҲֻҪһȪɡ
űȳʱ ҲÿһȪָ״̬
δȥȡЩʱССβˡ
βͲ̳еչͷ˻Σϵ˿ڣĵϺҩñϡ
ڶһӹע˶û
峤Сββ ǵ峤ת˼ȦҪôѽ
Ƭںƽס˯һȻȥˣ ˯һͺáһƬƣ ȴȣСβ͵˱
СβҲû̾˵˯ɡѧǰ˾պӳС ָӹβͲݷ֡ġƣ ں˯һ㡣
 СΨһ۾ӥҲʼƤܣܿջͬһ˯βͲݣڱβͲḧºҲ֧ţͷ˯ˡ
Σ
Ūô¡
ȫ˯ˣ
СͷԵƬֻЩʱ䣬ʰɾδȥˡ
ǰλһϢ±ǡ
һξͲôɣֱ˺϶λáȻѪ϶Ҫʱ翴ģǵصɽöࡣ
ڶװЩˣЩȥ硣
ײ
λ͵˺һѷ죬ȥʱ룺˺ʵҵ
ʵ˺˭Ҳ
δ϶̽ͷ¶ͷ˲䣬黭ϵȫ̧ͷ죬ֻø˵ҲȻתķ
Σһˣ
϶ɳתһȦԭβסһڣκη
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
죺˿˿ˣҾ֪϶ûµģ
֪ո˭Ǿ꣬´󼪡ƽһصĻ㾾ͺˡ
ͺáôˣҲ
˾պ㡣
ֱӱΧĴɤŸûˡ
κÿһЩ
峤岻ʣæߣߣܰһ𣿡
һֱƲֵı߽ͷŤһߣߡ֮ǰȥҰæҰ
峤ƽ
Ӣֱȥժڣֺ󵯿һϸ֦
šͷһҪʹģ
䵽ϵĲǻƽһСݡ
СβɨյǼϣǵñ˼磬ŵǿҲɢˡ
ŵðɣ
˵գεСأͷ˺˳
˵Ա£ЩѾ˵˿ڣ
СβͣʬҲȥߣѵҪ˴ͳȥ
Ǿ̫ˣ
һôʬ嶼װеѹܾԼ¼Ҹˡ
ֻЩʬ֮ʱ߲ûܣ룺ǰӦǺܺõ˰ɡ
Զ֮΢΢üǣ
ʱӥ˹Ⱥ״̬õһۺһܣ˶ں˿ǳˡ
ԭκϣãܵȵһأ
ּѵسŵ棬һƬҶ𣬵ȺҶ󣬷š
ҽ֮Ƿ󣬾ǺӵϣûҲûԺȡһպʣµĶǰȥʱ򣬻ŵоˣλǰѾ䡣
Ҷرƽ⣬󣬻˹ȡ
֮е¶Цݣֲˡ
˽ǣǣ·߲ȫչˡ
˿Զ֮źֺýŵģԭǸзˡ
Զ֮
֮һʬǰ£֪ժһ仨ΡΡ֣ɫСʬĿڡ
·Ǹʦһֱ˵ϣһֱȥ
ʵǶˣûİ취Ͼ⡣һ죬Լõ٣һվ˺ӵ˵ϣˡ
ǣӭһ
һ˲䣬·ˡԼ̽һ
˵֮Ĭá
һŮʬǣ̧ȴʶû˻ǡʱСβ;һŵĻֱ
ֲ֮ԡƬСԵ޶Щֲټôġ
ֱʬϣǶܹؾĴУϽܹͻ޷֮ˣϵ֮ʿҲ⡣
ԣѰҲûɥĲ֮¡Ͼాһ
ʵܶ˶ѱֻǴҶûб¶Ϊܸøһϣ
̧֮ͷΣмֹŹֱ֣ûҶˡ˵ʲô
һ㵣òǡ
֮˵ҪˣǳҰɣ࣬ߣҲûʲôʳ˵Ŀһ򿪣ˣĳԨħ
ʵܲˣڰ֮ʧңǣǿų
ԣϣ֮ʣǣ˭˼
Σ飿
ǺüڵضûһʵҲءϾ֮Ƕ֪Լصࡣ
ǼСҲкܶ콾
ǸأҲиõѡ񡣡룬磬Զ֮
ôϣܻ
ʱһ΢ЦŲ廰ǰϣãúܣ磬͵ߡ˭ǶǼһļƣ⡣
֮ԣΪߣǻͨ٣νǴγ˯Уҽġ
˵ʦǿԼҵĹͣ
ϲ˯˯Ѿ߶ҹŮΣ˵⣬û׼ԺܾѪһˡҹŮǹŮ
ͬʱýһɵˡ
ָ֮Աˣ£еϴ󡣡
λŵʿŮһУԲѣ֮Ҳһһܡξջλɵλ
ǽһλŮʱεȻվ
üʮֶ죬ҺĶ
ǡʱλŮۣÿ
㻹ţ̫ˣ
Σ

⽿εεôܸоԼһɲǣ嶼ñֱüһָıǹ
ʧǰĪǣ޴


159 
紩ذ׵ҷȹӣ ˿վñֱһؿŸոѵλŮޡ
üºͣȻʱ 羪״ʹ ڻһ⡣۵Ĺâ񶼱
æͣʧˣ ڽ硣
´һѹ֡
֮ǵС
εĿ͸ŴȰ һӦ ճߵĵ¾ˣ
ڣ һֱŵʼ˽ȻгߡԺ
̣̫ɡ
á
˾պȵ˵
ٴδǵ񾭣׷׸̾ѺãĶǧˣŶ󣬻ǸСˣͽѣ
黭ڣ ԭ׹䵽ճߵĽ棡
Ŷڽ簡зɽֱĴʦ㣬 ͽ Ҳһš
Ѿڷ£ʣǸʲôѽ
֣ ɣ һʱѲ 㵽
ֲų⣬Ҳоһ˿Уʶ̧˷
ȹӺܳǰʱȻǣһЩȹڣƣ
Ƭ̣Цˣε˵ﰡСǿʤ޵֡ϲõʲô
ǹ١ѡޡȡ˸鶼ûУεһ˼ʵ벻Լõʲôѧ廨üͷʣѵߣ
ЦܾûЦСǺס˺һ
ʱϾһӡ
۾һԭҲϲأ
ԵʱͳҳȥÿһӶСأСһҲмǧءаħһӳȥֱӰħͷҳ⽴ôǳͨһǳıǡǰһֱɱ̫أͼǳ֮һԼţ
ƽʱӲȹӡ⻹ҵһμȹѡ
૵Ҳǵˡ
˵룬벻ҲûϵƬСѾϤѲ٣ʵá
㻹ǵԼθճʶ֪𣿡
ҡͷʱ˯ڲݵϵۣ̳ȥ
ѩµʱΪͣǻΣҲǸ̡
µϲζȻСģ֮ԼθǰһһˣĵϲΡΣ
죬³һɫݡ
һͷײϳ𣿡ǰ޵ͨдγ˵˯ҲнףʩչһλӰ³һЩͷ׵ݡ
һʼϲһʱҲˡ
ճᣬ΢Ц˵Ȼ
ŮʲôӣҶϳ㡣
ʱһŮӻ߽Ů߬ȹһǣԵЩţ㣬ϵ𣿡
һؿŵȻһĻе龰һһ
ͫϸߣԽԽϸֻʣ˸СڵһƬɵˣ
ɵĲ˵æʱ˵˸컵أѺ߾Ͷҡ
£ִǣеǴγĪǣᣬϸָ˳ǵƶǵ״
졣
֪֪Ǵʲô
˵˿ҲףڣһȺڿء
ˣҲ⣬˭ء
ˣǵԺ˵ͳϵճߵϣˣǱߵ˿˿Ĺ磬ǿ϶Ҳ໰˵
ճŵ˿˿
ԣڽ˿˿ֽ˺Ŷ
ʱ̵𣬡ǰɣȡţ˿˿˺Σ
ճһҡͷߡ쳤ɡѲУ
̺ȰŲ
ճߣûǶûóԣ˺ܾá룬Сͳһɫʯͷʶߵʯͷų֡
̵䵽ǺɫʯͷϣƬ֮ϢԶŴ͸ʱĳӣϣڵѪҺʼȣͷη֮ġ
Ĭã̵϶ħǵʱǿ׳һֻһλŮ⡣ΪҪһЩûʸȴ˳شԼ˩Ҫϸһء
⻰ԼĻ档
ȷһϸ˩ʣ˭ӣôϸ
Ҳ˻ش𣬡ҵģûˡ
̣ŮĶҵһöλŮԵ̫һϲһλҲֻһλԲŻ᲻һеظϡöҵĲڣĺӣѪзӦ
ܿ죬һֻ˶Ҳ뿪һֱ͵εĶӣȻҲСһȦ
õͬĽȥ峤ͱ߻ˡ
˾պμϣһա
㶣Сʣѧʲô
˾պڴһڳֵԵú΢ˡ
ЩóСϷΪʱˡ
֮ʱС
һۣѧˣ¿˾պѧһЩͨȫЩķ
ǺǣЩ壡
һһ߲߲ݵȫѧˡ
ǱߣճõֱӵһѪȥѪ֮ܿڡٴαҫ۵ĹâĿĹᡣ
ȵһֻճֽסˡ
ס㣬ĺӡ
ճߣҳĵطѩ¡ѩɽ¹е¹أ˵λãͽ¹󷨡
¹صĴ֮¡
ĸǡ
޷ᶯǣֻϷǽ󷨣סħϮ
ĺӣڵ£ǧƿǶʵΪա
ΣѩҲĹѽͷһܡ
ճߵǵͬѪѣһһ׳ƿǳȥˡ
ֻΪûչˣʱʱһ˴ţ󲿷ʱ䶼˯
Խˡħа¾֮ʣĴܶû˭ӻԽǰ
֪Խ˵
ѩϣѩΪ˵
ǣĹ
ԣڷӡħûгʧգƬײСأ֮顣
˵ԽҲûġȻȷǸԽȴλĴȱ֮ģĴؼһһľƬ顣
죺ȵȣǵĺӣǣǵڣջ˵쾭壬ȴʲôǵڣ̶ø¡
ճֱ壬Ҳǲ⣬ֱ˵Ҿͽˡ
˯ԣ
ΣŮФǰôȫΪ
ǡʱ֮Ȼˣȫ̡
Ѫ֮ף
ô⣬ܲ
ǰ鼹ΧûаȻ޷ѣȪֵ֮أѪһϡ档
֮Ҷû
ں
ڣ𣺡Ѫ޷жϣŵϽŪѪأѪѵĽҪͷٲٲҪˣ
ҵʱæµ黭˲ˣҲд޻ϲص
ǶСأ
Ϊ˶ޣθ˵һ͵͵ﵽ졣
վϴǸط˾պѶϲȥģϴΡ
û˵꣬Ϳϴŵĵطһʯݡ
˾պڳ󻹸һƥѩ׵ޡٱӸ׵һκ͡
ѵƿߣڿʱ˵΢ŻһЩ
ͼֻͷĶڷ⣬̵ػƽϣܾڸҫ٣Ҳˣأ
Цأǰĵ𣺡㣬ޱҺÿ
æϡ
㻹ޣĪеȶ
ӣһкЦ⣬繵Ҫ˹ߣĸԸĿ
΢΢һ˲
ţһֻסǰһ
ײĻ§ס
˾պͺá
һĶͷˡ
ֻǵĴûߵ鸮Ծú΢΢ս˫ֻסǵصҲǰ
ûзֿ̫ã˼ȴŨ
룺ֿôãټ棬ȻҲײҵĻ𻨰ɡ
֪ڣڸ
˵ദʱ䣬ǰɴס˵ס黭СԺӣֹ͵ǸĵĹŮ


160 ڣ()
ﶼҵˣ Ҳúõġͷ۾Ҳúõģ Ҷܺá
Ц绨˵ĺÿ໣
ĵú޲Ѿܡ
ѵվ ͷһȣͻȻʹ˾պ Σ˶ӣ һʵĹӡ
һʼͷС û뵽һû ȻѾɳ
ÿ졣
˾պૣ³ôࡣڣѪ֢״Ӧʧ˰ɣ
Σ𣿡ʱһֱںڰͷɣ֪Ȼȥôã
ֹ꣬ͻȻ˦βͣʲôѽҴɣһûУ ûұɵôͣűߣһܿѽ
˾պĬĬʩչ۷ ԼҲһͷһɰɡ
˵Ӹһ 󣬵ֻ۷ѣû
Σѽ ǾǸӻ ֲܸһдԽա ѵ㻹𣿡
·˵ӴӴ㻹ء
ǼüŪ۵ӣ˾պ;ؿơ
գϣͷλá
˾պסǡ
εʱһ˲ץ
Ķ˾պḧǣͳ𣿡
θоԼе죬Ӧǲ֪Ľǲڴͥ˵Ľǡ
˾պʲô֪ΪʲôҪ
˵ˣͷģҲǹ컯֮£ߣû˿أ޶Ƶ飬ǿЩ
ûܶ࣬磬߻Ǹء
㡭˾պǰ㣬촽Ǳߣ̫ˣҲǵĻˤ
ָᵯһ£ҾͷţҶ
Ǳģϣһѩ΢̸УȻ˵ʱϢȣϢۺһ𣬻˵ľƣ˫Ҳ𽥷̡
оԼģɲˡ
Ȼ˺շеʱ򣬻᲻Ῠ϶
δʱ˾պ𣺡ŶǺˣ
С쵰϶͵Ц
ŲẦߣ
ڿն򶯾̫ϵǵֶȻȭս˲䣬̲סһ
㣿
Σûû£
ϵûмҶ˿
ϸ߿գƺξط֣Ȼ㣡
ƺ㣬ʦе飬ÿ̫֮ʱͻƺ㣬뿪ʦ磬ͻữˮ
໣ˣȥһ档տһͼ򽣽磬˵Ƭﵽг˯ɽȴԵ˻ѡ
һһɹ򽣽硣
һȥ˽֮಻
ʿҴҵظ׽
򽣽Ľᰴסǰ𶯲ͣķɽùǡմкˣ˺Сİ£Ҳ·ѡ
ʲô𣿡Щһһеأ
ǽµĵ涼Ľһɵģ浣ķɽˢˢس죬ǡ
ŵ¾͵ǿһһӡ
ʲô
ضܶһЩȻʲô
׽Ҳȷɷ̫һڣȥ͡
Ҫˣ¶סǰҪȥħĽڣ
ֻܡ
Ŀ뿪ɡ
һ磬˵ǸĽǸ춥ƯŮޡ
δʱ˾պʣ㲻ȥ𣿡
ʶ֮ǰԼмֲԣһ·棬ֳȴûκ˺ǳ⣬˾պ
ƫƫʶǿ󣬺ѱ
ˣܶ¶ûˣַǣҲûҶ
ͣ
С˵ȥģҵʱ˵ˣҪһȥѽ
ڵ壬ֱӵϽʿΣǿͨÿķҲͶϾͻɾνĿܡ
ֱӵν棬һؾͻ糹׷Ϊķˡ
ԣڵϲ
Ҳûо˾²ȥˣǲż棬ְܲǷֿ
Ժ͵Ͻǡ
Σˣסʲôأ
˾պֲݡȻϲɣҿζһеϲһеĻϲ̿ζ嵭һЩá
˾պеˡֳϲɺѾþȫ֮ڳԽζֲںϣһ⣬ȫʧܡ
Σԣ
˾պȻֲһܸߣɾѾκˡ
ΣŶˣô飿
ʲôʱ磿
ΣǼȥҲĴתתʲôȥá
󲿷ֶǻỵģܶ෨½磬һͳͻٴ룬Ե״ʲôãϸĥС
Ѱصֲ츳ӦǧٹֵĿζ
ҡͷǵԼǿдպС
ŵ˵һˣɰղ˵ҲɾͻƵɾͼΪѣɣǲˡ
˾պŵ̤̤ʵʵУҲͻɡ
˹
𨡭һ£Ƕ֮ǰǻҪҪܾˡ
绹ѹħ
ħﲢδʧǧټƽЩħӵ׶˵ԨôһһǵѪ׷ѡ
ȻƾЩҲϵö磬Ҳѡ
μ˾պ΢΢ЦЦҲ
˾պʡͷܡ
һҲŴңȴ˵Ť
˵˵ЦЦС峤Ȼ˺ȥԯĵ˾һˡ
ֿʼͼһȥĵطһһ꣬Ҫٸ棬ͼǰ˼ֻޡ
Ҷ
˾պ
գѡһƥޡ
޷׷Ȱ裺ǼֵȻ͵ˣ
ŵ˽ķһ˵ͦε
ΪΣǣ˾պ֣Ǿһ
ϽӲӵ漴ͷȻиСӣͷװֻѰ󣡸һƷףڤ󣡡
ֻץûץˣƻ˺üս
ڤҲأǷֵľһֻͨҵˣǾȻûͿܲ˵Ͷˡ
ڤݵؽ˼ᱳˣ
ΣҸܸҲʶһֻڤŶƤëֺ
еú׵ڤ˲Ĭǵü˵

ոջ˵ж˲Ŀڡ
Цڿն𣬴ǰԯ硣
Խֻһ˲ȴǱܶ˲׽ˡ
˾ץˣʲô°
ǿǼ
Ǵ󰸣ѲɣаǣûϢ̫ƽȻ˼һеĻš
˱Թϴε˾ץ˲ˣʵҾãεСЩ϶㲻飬һҲûҪϾɱɣλʦʹ˷Ľλʦ㣬Ҳ룬Լһ·նΪʦ㲢콾
˾ܵҲ̫ˣ߷ߵļûԼִã˾ûдڵıҪ
Ա룬е˾
ޣ
ĻΪ㻹վ˵
ǰ˵ӴŭȻԱòΪǣѹֱ
û˾ܰǻҶˣЦһ϶ñ뿪ڵа޲û죬ֻȥսѰɷβСĽ˸Ĺѵ˾ǳѰ󶼶ˡ
ʵڲУȥɡںܶϲЩֲþҲտ־ǣȹսɷҪһЩ
ڵ˾û֮ǰ綼ǿΪһԲϴ֣ò׵õıﻹûȾͱɱ˶ᱦʱȻҲᾡά򣬿ô٣ôܵ硣
˾ճֵǶʱǳ˲ٿͷ
ҿǼ
ڵӰ
ˣ
κ˾պ߳ȥͷѰں𣺡˰˵øҽܵģ
أγӻ֣ϵ㡣
˵˾·˾½Ǵһͨڡ
˾¡Ѳ鶼档
ȥ֮ο˾޴ǡһȺվǰһС֥顣
ǡ
˺ܻص𣿡
εͷ룬󰡡
ȥ磬Ҫ֮أһڣ
ˣ˵һֱûл죬ʱΪնɱ˶λԭ
ǿεɻ󣬵ǣ졣
˵ħﲢδɽ¹ѹѹĹؼǣȥҲܳһЦЦҲҲǾ˵պ䣬Ҳ硣
˲½硣
ǿԡ
ҾԺ󣬾Ϳˡ޶û£Ҳ;˺ſԡ
˵á
һ˵һ졣
˾պסСأڻװ¡
Σԡ
װ£ΪҲʮɣǻģްʱܽͳ˸󻨾СȻװ
ǣĿϰɣ޷ѵܶͲڵװµˡ
ûϵǿԵȣ
˺ɾһܽڣ
һ̣˾˶Ҿˣ
Σã
һ죬ǶܿٷԽԽ٣ǷԽԽࡣ
ʱѹǧħͻ᳹ɢ֮ˡ
һ죬һġ
л˵
--߾鳹׽㣬ᡣ


صС˵www.27txt.La ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ