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1 
һ 
ǰܻ⣬Ѫɫģܲ͸磬ΧһȵҪڻ档
ɽվһİΧȦ鲼ۣͷ˺ۣѪֱ
аȵߣӣ欵Ѷȥ
ƺԼƵ常סǺܿ͵ˣһܰǾȳȥ
ȲزôҲǬסҲµ׺ܿͻᱬɽϹűЦĽⷨ
УǡšҪͬ
˵ӻôܸͬɽؿһۣսɳҲչ˺ƽҰǶҪúûţҪΪҸ𡣡
Χɽ¶һ˿һ̱˫ۣڿԾ𡪡
ۣ
һͨضɽҡƺоϯ죬ǰ㣬ʹ˫ۣҲɽֻһʹİ
常
ƺ͵һ˹ǰϵĵ棬֪Լ̷֮У³һѹסǻеļ뱯ˡ
խƵ̷ﲻգҲŻѣվʿ˴ΧͰһܲ͸硣
˿ƺ۴ֵм̼ϣſϷֱ˩ţĩ˵ļⶤШǽڡ
ɢңʹͷųಲ޴ĺۼһƬѪ͸
Χ˿ֻлȼʱ죬Ѵ˴еøӰ
Ϣ
ߴһOO@@ĽŲű㱻·顱ƿһǰһ˽
ƺ΢΢ۣ㿴˫ŹѥĽšһ˫ϤӦ۸ָʹһ˫£ǲȾƵģǳ͢Ĺˡ
ֻһɤʵǡ
ƺ𣺡ǡ
ģָʹԼµҲĺݡɤӲͷԿɻѣ˵䡣
ϵƺԱţ
ƺᶯ˶Ϊ̧ͷµͷ͸ŵ˫۾Χӳԣ
ȻĿⴥһҷʱ˫Ǻɫݺˣʱͫ
ҷͷףƣ룬һλ̣˿һ׵Ӱ죺ӴǱɵˣ˵ˣ
ʮ꣬ٳòĿ壬üĴһƣһ߽֮ƺƺλǱ̫﹫Զ˰ٻػ
͸Źģƺѹ̫ʹ̬һ񻯡
ƺҲ֪ںԼùʹΪѣתת飬˿ڡ
ƺ۸ǧǧšӡ˻ƣЩ
̶ƺģʵǵǡšʲôô
ƺ˶٣۾ֱֱĿ޾⣺š۸ָʹ˾ԶϸرСӣ߷ϸ̽з鱨Ҵ׹ȫ
һҴ׹ȫ̶Ȼ԰׼ָָƺȻǵôֺǧɽͨѹ
ƺ⻰ͻȻŭ˫͵̼ϵεáͣŵ˼
ʿһԺδʩҲûʲô
常ɽʮӾΪʮ꣬ΪʬδĪҪƺͺͬһͷ׵ʨѱ䣡
ʣΪʮĻԷͼֽ͸¶ˣԷô֪
ͨѹԼǻأƺ˫Ŀ죬
Ц˵ֻǽѿ֮ƣ£ֻѰһը˵ֱۣƺǰĹ˵Ϊ˾Աжⲻ常ݵһϷ
ƺŵ˫ۣϷôϷ
ɽŪ漼ɣΪǡšòٹŹװʮŷɥ޲ó֮졣ɽ˼ճȺΪãҴ°빦Ϊ˲ϧؽ𣬲߷ɽ
ɽڲó͢ãӾʮأǧһԴĹ淴֮⣬Ǳս֮з͸¶ʮ󷨣лأӵڻ֮£װݣѧȫ׸պƽ˾ȥٻ󣡡
۾ƺʵ˵Ķǲԣ
ƺЦЦ˫粻סЦû졣
ԣ¶Σ﹫˰ĲƶϵɽʮǰʶʲôƷĺϲ
ԽҸ嵨ˣһģԽױþ̬̾˿
Ҿ֪ЩΪ˸常ˮ쿪ƺͷݺݵض̣ǵӺĶ𣿣
ֹƺסڣ
ƺӺ亮⣺常ԴĹΪ˸սøȫʬ³ѵ͢ΪǶԴӢ۵̬ȣ
²ǳйԱ˵Ƕ²͸¶̼ƺǰϷҲָ͢ʲô·ʱֻ͹ɽڳûκ֤֤ǵף
Ϊ壬ƾʲôҪ֤ףԴӡšų߾˶٣Ϊ˶Ѫ˶ˣĿãһսš˲ң׶ȫԱӹɽսѪ֤ǵҳϣʲô֤
ƺѪţŭڣ㷽˵ЩǶ˵ıЩ˶ٶϸľݵ㣬ɵǶٰĶӣϵǶپĲ߻Ĳ֡Ǹʲôƨƽ󽫾߶ˣŻ¼ơɢҥԣͼٵšЩԻٳǣ
鲻ãæֹƺšΪ壬͢Ҳֻǲ²⣬ۣ԰ꡭ
ԣ㻹ǲϣôϸ۾䶢ƺ͢һϴᷢ䡣
ƺҧгݣĪ֮Ȼϣ㲻ǻɴ常ıôѿǺػѰôãҾڴ˵ؽε֤ף
̲ϸţ󴽽ǹһĨЦתͷ򺫷ָʹˡ
⣬ָ£һ죺﹫롣
뿪̷ȥ˸
ģԺﻨ㣬һƬȻ۸һ䣬½ʿĻ̻̣ԭǰ
˭ţ˷䴫ġšѱף
䳤ٹɽòԼƵĻը
ڡšжʹö˳ɹȡж鱨ڴ׶ϱ߾һȡǳأôϻŹ۸˾ô
˲Ͽһ㼱е﹫㷽˵Щôôɽ治ˡ
̾һֹֻ֣˵һ˸Ĳ裬Ųˮ
ָʹ»оϡʹüۣһڣҪɽһҲǸ׺Ͷộºú̸һ̸˵ףǼ¡
üҲԩ˰Ắ˽ʿǵģ
Ǳ߹س̲ʧ˰յģΣܸ𣿡̻
ԣĬ
̽豭ŻԱ߲輸ϣһź˵䲻˵ģں̸չ˳غܴܿɺ顣ʴȣû㶨ɽҲܻסЩģһΪ˴ףͲУ
﹫⻰˵ʧƫģǲܺ裬ǰʵڶ֮ϣټְ꣬һ꣬ܶʧǳأαطҪں飿üͷ¶ʡ
εҡҡͷӾߺսҲգͶ˵Ҳֻϵ˼ָʹ߽꣬Ϳ๦ߣؾܺúϢϢˡ
ɫ¶л
壬ѧЦζúչˡšʣѪֻҪƺ£ػᰲȻܸ÷˰ɣ

ηܺڣֻ΢Ĺǽһƿķ϶͸ӯڵ˯ŵǸϣǰֳء
˯éݶ¶ŽףһֻŴЬһֻŹţͷң縣ס˴
ɪӣϺƵعţ泯ǽƺ˯÷ǳ
ͨﴫŵԿ죬ŽŲһǰһ
ǰ곤䳶ɤӺһƺ
ŵʱͣûжֻƨɣܲͷ̾˿
곤ţվſڣ嵶ʹդץ˴ˣй˵ż㣡
⻰ƺһµʮݣشӲݶһֻЬϡ
ηƣձߵǰɸ¶ĲҲģ飬ֻϷʵģ¶̯ͷϣλˣλϸ粻͸¶һ
ȥ֪ˣʲô
ƺߵſڣһ򿪣۵⾶ֱ˹ֵ̧ܵסۣԾɱ̼ҰģһƬ
ûԺˣͱһϥѣͨһڵأĵϥۡ
ˮ۸ָʹ
Ҫˮʲôˣƺֹ
ûӦһˮһͷ
Һĩůˣڳʪη׾ˣˮôһ壬ˬúܣ
Ա亰ɾ̧ͷϹٿ
ƺĲɵĨһϡﻩʵˮ飬Ҫ̧ͷȴǰһ˵˫ע⣬ŶԷѥ
࣬ҲͶʮҵͣŹǻõϣƺ
ƺ˳ŽϿֻԷһɺ׵ɫٷ˫ֱָճһѾݵ
ϸǲխϸ޳һתǽš
ϿһżȴҲĮƤ𪣬ŨīزʵĹٷӳţз·һ㵭졣
겻գĨɫĪͷһ
һĨս΢⣬Ͷ
ƺٺ١ЦλСΣ
ЦûЦ꣬ͱˡۡһߵڵء
ŭʹ׿Ӧ׿ˣҷ
׿Ӧƺûʲô飬ȴڸ̡
šԶӹɽ븱ƺǣǰڷ˵硣ҲĻͨѹԽΪӢۡ
û뵽ô٬
ƺߣ˰ͷ첻ߵЦһ˵
ᵹڵأˣƵزͻȻϮ׿ӦеСȣ
׿ӦзӦ̧ȥƺܿڵϹһȦһͦһ׿Ӧȥ
忴󾪣ƺˣס֣
׿Ӧкŭ⣬侲ܹһƣ˭֪ƺŷתλӰһ㣬׿ӦһȦȭԷָ񵲡
ƺ΢΢һЦĹ׿Ӧ̣ȷ׿ӦҲضã󷭱ܹѵˮһһԵʯ̨ϽתƺĲȥ
׿ȳмͣʵƺУﻹţе٩ƺҪŭԷ
׿ӦвΪ⣬嵶ȴûãӰƵжһӣޱȥƷǿóι̣Ǹ֡
ƺȻ𣬼вУ˴𣬲һ֦ͻȻս֣忴ȥֻóֹǣ˵ͣ鼱ֻ֦ϡ
ŭȣ׿˷ʥǰͷ㣬㾹ȻҶ֣𣿣
лҪ˵
šʵϾǹŴ+Ļϱ֣ڱܿĵһ趨~
ͷжԼǰµ٩ԭģһ㲻~


2 ̽
֦ƺʺסӣתת飬˫֣ڨЦָʹˣ׿ˣҴˡ
̧Ҫϥߣƺͨһ£ͷƤЦԼ
ԱС׿Ӧе嵶ǫصݵǰ
׿Ӧɫ΢죬嵶ҺãϾ޷һ¶ѣڵ֪ǧɽýعû£׿ĳǷˡ
Ҿл׿˿Ӽƽϡ
׿Ӧ΢΢ףָʹˣϣǧܿЩʰͣҲþ·
һǸǧ׿ӦгƺΣƺ۾ˣϥеǰץ°ڣٺ»أô
屻⸱ûϢŪеѿ˼ؿ׿ӦһۣŤͷȥװ£ȭڴһ
ȥϴɾһӣƺܡ
ƺͣţڵϳĺۼ
ָʹˣҵǮĶ
ԸŲ׿˼Цˡεس׿Ӧһ֣ƫһʹǰȥ˵
׿Ӧл񣺡ѣڴ˵Ⱥá
Աһֵƺݵǽһˬˮ첻ˮϹ๾ֱðݣŵСŵشչ
˭֪ƺ¡һͰ˳ˮĽ˳һˮ˽Ц
СҲλүĬĬĨĨ
ʱɴ屳֣üһֱⲽ
ֹ׿˿ߵأ
ƺϾˮŲϲ£ҶŽζˣúúϴϴ
ǩ󣬶˰꣬ͬΪϢͼơͻȻǴ׾¶棬һıʲô屳˫֣ĳ˽˵ľǡš˴λȥ̬Ѿȷˡ
꣬ƨûҪҴȥϸⲻ֤ûôʵ϶˵ˡƺ˰ˮϴšѾûˣɣаҹػҲûû常һ˵ָΪ͢
㡪һӳҿּ׿˿ɵأӣɱۡĸֲһǶ裬һǿͷɵӶѡ㲻᣿
ƺŲϲ䣬Цλָʹˣۼ˰ɣ˸
˵ͻȻסû˵ȥת鲻֪ʲô
弸ͬһʱ̴Ļûעı顣
ƺɵɽһûۻãֻǽɢšǵƷͶڣѵҪִ󣬸ǹؼҳ壿ѰľͰԵȥƺ˵㣬ڴ׻ˣΪ׵ľ϶ֹߣʮѲ˹ϵҪ֤ɽףǸһ˫Ļᣡ
ƺȻأ˫⣬ץͰصΪؽڷס
ʱʱˣ׿ӦվǰµȴɫȻĮ
ԱСʱʱǷҪƫϢǷҪ裬һһܾ
ƺʱ򣬿ıˣϵĹ۱ӳƺŨٲһĨȼŵϼ
ۣЩɵȵɫ
׿Ӧлͷͷ棬·е㲻ϵã΢΢һ漴˵ͷ
ƺһͷҷ߸ɷ٣Ե˼ɫӣĵü米࣬խȣ·ĸµֻԲ԰׵ףһж
˫ۣ˫Ƥβ޳Ũü͸ͦı䣬ܿ͸ġ
˽ȫɱòӰֻһ۾Ҳֻһ˲ͱȥˣЦ⡣
ƺ׿Ӧ̽Ŀ⣬˫ߵԷǰһü׿ˣӢӢ
׿Ӧб֣Ŀбӣǧء
ƺЦЦȥ߰ɡ
ȥģ׿Ӧп첽ϡ
ƺ߱˵ǻҪָʹӦҪ󲻶࣬ϲ£װ
ϲ£ˣ
ˡƺЦЦһۣ˵¿ϣ
ǵǱ¡׿Ӧа˵ţԽƺԺš
ƺûиüתͷֻûûԺţ˫ۣЦ
ƺ׿ӦаŵСȤ׿֪ȥĶң
׿Ӧд˿̺Ѵ˵Ĺͷ
šķṦΰȻúܣ֮صĻ鶼޴ڶ꣬׿ӦȻҲ١
۶ҲǾһȺΪʿ
ֻû뵽պƺһˣ仰СǸȻȥԶ
׿ӦŤͷһۣԼɧѹסֻüǧ·ȥ򲻿ʱ䡣
ƺ׿ӦȥӶ׿һͻȻЦ׿˽۵úܡ
ҲûȶԷĻش˸Ƿǰȥڵôţۡ
׿ӦĪͷ˽һƨ¡ı飬첽
۸ǽֵ֯·ߵƺһƵţһ´̬ңҪȥ£ǳ֡
׿ӦУסʵ֪ǧҪȥȡװжЩװʲôޱҪòҪЯ̫࡭
ƺ쳤˲ӿԶϸ־ϲЦݣϵ̫ˣڣ
ǸС̯ܹȥһ׿ˣϵڻûԷĻţӡװڸֿ⣬δ˸ʱȥȡɡЩǡšôôţ¡
ȻеĪ׿Ӧо˵ĺеֻ¡
ηʵѳԣ˿һþȣƺһ⽣棬ټձϰкҪʮձｴţ·ȴãͷȡ
׿Ӧй£ûöͲסƺһϡﻩһȰʿˮ档
ͣһȥ׿Ӧжʱüһ
ƺ۲ı飬˿Ϊ⣺ôƼòɣԶö˶ĽϰҪȻֵ궼ܿʮȥ
ȷʵζ׿ӦеԵúϸƺô̻ʡ
ǲǺٳֽͷСԣսʳˣżһΣ϶ʡƺŶû˵׿˸յã
ʮж
ȻᣬųʱһΪֻʮˡƺ׿ӦΪ΢΢գһЦ
׿Ӧûܾô໰ģʵΪ̽ࡣ
ҽʮ壬鳤ֵ꣬ƣƺֲ̧ȥͷ飬ЦӯӯؿǳŶֵܣǰ˺ĽʵڱŤһҲǹĽ飬ͱô˰ɣ
ƤЦ׿ӦеѥӣԣҲǧ
׿Ӧ̫ѨѪͻͻ£ǰõͽϡ
ǧ꣬ﻵ˵ûϵǧҴˡ׿Ӧз¿ӣӻͳ죬СĳԲ˶ߡ
ƺؿһۣҧ˿ձȥ֮Ц˵л͵ܹġ
ǧڴ˵ؿмҾ죿׿ӦԶĳƺʻñƫ費Ҫؼҿ
˽£ƺЦü䣬ǳˮȥ˵ûˣο຦ӡ˵Ҳ־ڴˡ
һ˵ζأдš뷨ҡ
׿Ӧд֪־ںδ
Ҫн׹죬Ҿ̯ϣϰĶطϣӿʮ磬㲻ûܿȥʱһҪƺ˵𣬻ͷϰﺰҵطǮ
ϰں棬һߺȣЦصǧ𲻻ǧ򣬿Ÿͳɣ
һΪƺϰ˾ʣµİձЦüۡ
׿ӦпˬʵЦһڰĪҲЩ
ƺһԶغ£˲죬׿ӦУͻȻһĵĿǵ׿ˣɱ֣˵Ц˴¶ûɣҵȻͷȥǰˣӴ˻ñ߾Σڲˣɷ򱣼ݣո˵Ǹǳ˷Σɱ߻ϡ
⻰׿Ӧһ˿ƺǲ֪ûʲô
ξ͵ǸͷˣƺվӣһüǮɡ
׿Ӧһ㶣ͷ
ҸմڴɾȻ㸶ƺһհ׵ӣ̲סôôɰ
׿Ӧеۿɼغˣ
뿪С̯ƺŤͷ˿׿ӦУЦ
׿Ӧ߳ŭЦʲôҪٶֶţҿɾ͡
㲻ԶӾǹңôҶ񶼲ƺ󣬼Ƕҵƽ¼ڰ𣿡
׿Ӧеһٿػͷ
ƺȴֻ΢΢˹תǰȥĵСӻ̫˵㣡
ƾֿ⣬һ·ͨ裬˼عؿ˲ŽԺһⷿǽȥ
š֨ѽһƿǻҳʹ̱ǵùζƺ׿ӦвԼͬסڱǡ
ƺżؽȥѭżһңҵҪҵڴľ䡣
ŷ꣬īɫЩˡһƣƿǲ鿴
ⷿ߻ް䡣׿ӦվһԿУֻܿһƬֲ̫˼ʣǿак档
һһϳȥƺŤͷһ׿ӦΣ٩ϵö𣿡
׿ӦϵϵԺӵС
ƺЦһųͼϻѺ֮󣬱㽫һ򿪡
׿Ӧ̽ͷȥֻɫԼһ߼߼Լ߸ߣǸСӡ
ƺǰСشһ¶ߵС
ѷι״װãǸһƬƬѵһ𣬱̳ë״ͿźɫīӲɫĵطԿԭӦɫģʵϸ壬ӨĹ⡣
׿Ӧвɵȥʲô𣿡
ҪǴɾϲˡƺͷһʯЦرģֶΪԭɫһƯΪͿ˺ɫ
ֵǡ֡׿Ӧë״ĻƣΪʲôǳ򣿡
ƺҡšװ常ĽԱ䣬װǡ˿Ǳˮ̽õСһ䣬ǡᡯ
᣿׿Ӧиɺ˶סĹټӣèһԲԲ۾ƺʲôģ
ƺа飬һֻСצӣƵذĶһգװزǣվ
׿ӦкսʤһУ׷ʲôõģ
ǡƺҪڣǽ⴫һ׷ʲôˡ
ˣ׷
ѡȥˣǧˣ
ģץĶϸҪˣҶóԲ˶ߣ
ѡ֣ƺɫһݣϸĸ֣ʱɫѲһৡһԱĵƵس˳ȥ
Ṧ˵ãһԾ·ԺǽŲƵ˲ԶǸƴӵӰ۾С
׿Ӧп첽ϣ׷ȥȴˣ±зš
ƺ۸ǵĲָƣǡѡϤֻǴִ˸жϣѸٳ˽ԺǽͲ׷ȥ
׿Ӧ׷Ӱʱ򣬳˿ƺ׷ܣһŮƸƺĬ
˻Ų·ܽһͬͬĩǸ޴լԺưܣû˴ſҰƬ
ԺЩ֣һƬյأյһߵӣԼ߿ɸߡڿյΧһȦӣСС̬죬߰˶
ʵ·ߣͣΧǽſڣͷƺǼԺ
ƺ׷ԺſڣˣЦ硢㣬үǴ򿪡⡯ʶʶ
϶ż֮ɫ㡱ŮӿƺۡҰݶ͹ʯͷһţɣ͵ףػˣúһ棡
Ҳ֪ʲôأ׿Ӧ׷ǰԺ﷢֨֨¸¡ľ죬ԺǽڽǽڣȻһȦɫġ绨һľ޴ҶƬ
ЩҶƬƣߴʵڲ̬ĻƣԶȥһ˶
ºҶƬѸĺ£˻ԺˣԺذͷ


3 
ش򿪺ƺ˵ȥѲ飬үȥҲ࣬ȷûܳȥͷ
˰˵׷ǽͷһһȥ
ƺҪ򿪴ţһ󼱴ٵĽŲ׿Ӧи˹ģǷ׷ϸǼˡ
ǼĻٶȱãԾŴԶԶŲҴǰ
ȵȣ׿Ӧмܵƺǰš
ƺΣ׿ˣαضôֲܡ
ǧˣֻæ׿Ӧе˽ǰ΢΢Ŵ޴ͥԺǰġ˵Ǻδ⵽ʲô
ƺǰѤõɫͥԺưܵĴţ˴۸ָʹ˾ǧҲǡšܲڣ˶ƴ˴ΪѡǰĻأ常Ƶġ⡯
׿ӦҪʣһڴƺʱüһ
š˶һرӣֻ֪˭Щװûֱߣֻÿڴ档
ƺ֪Ƕ˱˽ȥ±׽ӵưܴѾòһ
ŵһƬҶƬһţֻСš֪ô롣
׿ҪңǾ͸һ㣬⡯ȫǻأҿɲ𣡡ƺҶƬ׶һһɸߵСһ˽ȥ
ʱټ⡱ȴѾ˷ǣζӳ£һҪץסǸϸǱҲû˸׿ӦжȤ˼ȻĮ
֮ǰ֣Է򲻲ž͸Űɡ
һתƺǸӰӰ˽ŰڲŹϡ
⡱ͷƬü͸⣬˻ûӦڰƺֻ׿Ӧе׿ĳҪǧŶԡ
ƺף⻰˼ǣԼҪŵġˡԼ
طڵϹ쳣ԷѹõͣȴԴŽ֮ԽɫȪˮöɵЩԼǻ̫
ͷض࣬ãкܶѾ𻵣һ˸ûģС͵ýƺģҲˣȻһͬ·죬£Ķңǧ˺Լİȫ
ŵǰ˼ƺѾǿǰ·׿ӦСšһ˵л
⡱µԺӶһɭֲգЩȻشԭأûǻŲѵӣΪû˴ɨѾãֲЩµķء
׿Ӧиƺ첽ţ̧ͷŷְҲ˱仯ЩҶƬϵġơԴ£ƽУӣγĲ㳤𼶵ݼοƽ̨ͷװʲôͲö֪ˡ
Ӧ˺ڰҲȫÿһֻܿŶѡ
ƺŶϸΧĿɨԼѵĵط
Ǽ常šȫԱ֮ԱСݣֵҹҹͬڴ˵ֵأмĿյأǳϰҹĵطһл﷿ѵӪɽıᱻҪͬһסڴ˴зѵȥ̷ץϸͽȥк
ֻ⾰Ϊ˳޵ġš˷˴ҲѾȥ¥գͬ档
ΪȵͻȻӿƺڵϹĵطأԺۿ
ȻǼ֪ͬƺ˵ķλͷ˼Ծһ䷿ķֽҶƬɵƽ̨ϴȥ
ϸڷű⡱ʱѾңһʱʱĿŪ÷ড
۾Ӧ˺ڰҲԼĪ˴Ľṹ˸࣬ӶЩҶƬ֮ƺз϶͸Щ΢ߣӴ˴ѣҲֻܴǴˡ
ŵشӲϢشӣȴԶһĨ߷΢ע⣬ЦЦ
ʵƺĸҪץסһܵ˼ֱ練ƣ⣬һ˲֪ȻԼܽˡšܲƺĻ𣬸һ޵ĶϸܾϷˣͬè׽󣬵֣йͷ֮ޡ
ǷǳĬƺδ˵Ҳڰûжֻ֣ÿϻ֪ԷλǶ֮
ƺһͬѴңҪһСػĻأСһƽ̨ͬһλõ׿ӦУ׿ˣעܣң
վƽ̨ϣСԵȥʱһǻرˡ
ǶϸʱһݶϣŸߴƺ׿ӦУƽ̨ŮɢɳһЩɫĶһǾεĻڣ
Щڷ͸ĹߣεǰһƬףƺǴܹһϮԿѯǷȫ
õ϶ظʱƺ˿ͷ뿴һ׿ӦУȴַǸλϿտҲԷӰ
ؿʱȫƺעȫڻϣûз˸ˣڻܶûҼ׿ӦУﵱ⡱һ
Сӿǧʲô£
ǰڴϿɢ֮ʱ׿Ӧѧƺƽ̨Եȥ㣬ͻȻһ̵һʱûƽסȥ
ṦܿסΣӯڵݵϣȴҲҶΪЩڻȺħ裬⣬ʱ˿Ǳһ£ᱻһ⣡
ò׵ЩȫأҪȥƺȴԼ
ڵģ׿ӦδͷΪƺ
˭֪һ仰û˵꣬˴Ӻһƣʱ˹ȥ
ƺ׿Ӧжˣ棬ѰҲӰһĽŲ磡
ʲôΪ硱˵
չʥ͵һ˲ˣƺ֪ͨүˣ뿪⡯͸ЩýϸǴһ£
硱ͻ۾һУƽ̨뿴ȥ㿴Ƕ
ƺѭָķȥһӰһӰݵ⡱ȥŵ˺Ѿȫ֪·Ͻ߱͸΢һգǺҹʱʱӣۣ
ˣȫ⡯÷ƺͷŰˣֿʼһֱŵĲ
ϸƽ̨ۿķ϶ԽԽؿġ֨¡£ҶƬѸ˷£ȵͻսۡ
ʱ׿Ӧͻ˹һۣͿԼɵİգԶͻش˸顣
ⱲӺ񶼻ûô߹
ŤͷϿǶϸĳʱθһӿ
ϸˣһЦٶû뵽нɣû⣬Ҳֵˣ
׿ӦвŲѴ࣬Ҫοƽ̨Ҫ˭֪š⡱ҶƬջأƽ̨Ҳһȱȿˣ
ϸ֪Լûӳȥϣۼֿץסһ͹׿Ӧкݺһȥ㣡
ֵһ˲ֻмʸƿնơһݺݶ磡
ϸƺһͷȥһװŮڲԶЩسҶƬӯԾС󣬶ֳڶ֧
ϸˣ׿ӦбݣԼɲµԷһҲȻգƺֹͣ͵ÿҪѡԼˤһģ
һɲǿֻŽû˶޷ǰȫӰһֱڿתҪ棬ͼѰԾȵĻᡪ
ͻȻ䡰ˡһ£һֻʵֱͻȻ§סļײһ׿Ӧ͵Ťͷ㿴ƺ΢Ц
ðУôֱ绳ꣿ
΢Ƶڶϣ׿Ӧвź֪ظܵԼ˿ۡ궯ͣ
ƺһСɷף촽˵ҲٴȤרĲٿһָֻˡ
׿Ӧŷ֣ƺĺչһ˫ĳԼڿУ
£֮ǰġᡯɵģˡƺţ㰲
򲻺ֱֱ£׿ӦڿɸߵһСȦͥԺĿյϡ
˿̡⡱ҶƬѾȫջأͥԺָԭӣҲǾ£ȥ
һӽϻϸϵ˴ҽűߣͷ˺ֲ鿴ͺˣƺӲأˡ
ŮӺݺ˶ϸһţĳ湻ģȻˣ
ƺſڣ֮ǰ׷Ǽſ֣ɣѺȥ
˵лǶϸߣŮǵӰֱڿ죺겻òץ˸ϸҲûܶĥһ񫣡
С磬û뵽ؼأһֻô׼ͷԱǸС硱ĺݺЦ
ɱˣŮƺļ۽׿ӦУһ°ɣٷǽͷүģͦ
׿Ӧж⡰šô
лҪ˵
СУоѡTT


4 
ƺ׿ӦѪɫѾָ磬׿ӦжĿ⣬΢΢һͷ
ԣλʹ׿Ӧ׿ˡƺָָˣҡšಿ
λָŷų֮Ϊ硱ĺݺӣ˿Լжʮ˾꣬Ӳߣò͸һɾɾóݣٴγΪҷ̽Ѱ飬νͿ๦ߡ
λ磬ԼƺָǶʮƯŮӣװ磬ֲʩۣ֬Ҳա
׿Ӧһȭˬʵ¾ŮװȷӾκˮƽ̫˳㱻ϳ顣ɹүϿ¹롮šϧһɢҾͱϻؼˡ
ңڸв֪ãݣƺЦָ򷽲ŸǶϸ˵ӣҲʮͷòȴϲľȥ̫ýӽλǴΪ̫̫Ƕүǡšҽ٣ǰֺأǧ
صƺһۣôûأ
˹ЦһţƺΪ⣬ΥЦŭ̹ˣ纮ºһȲ裬͸ů⡣
׿Ӧп֣Ҳ΢΢ЦûԼʲôϹ٣ףԼҲڡ
磡һĺӴſڴ
ƺһתͱһֳŵס徢˺˺ü
һ£ȷϴݣ飿
ţңҲΪҲˣһǵͨ죬סƺ֡
ʲô˵øҪƵġƺĺ󱳣ôˣ
ȥǶáȺ˵걻˰ǿצƵȥ§ƺ֣СƵʡ
׿ӦеĽǶȿǾǸӣԼĪʮ߰꣬ǸӺܸߣƺ࣬˿ͷӲǴƺؿڣͷľԵرί
Ǹ׿˰λ飬ڡš󱸶ѵƺæŰ˫ժϧ˱ŲŲ
һε飬׿ǰ𶪳ŵ
ĻŲ鲻ԸɿƺȦģͷ׿Ӧ񣺡׿ˣл׿˰Ѻų
׿Ӧλ񣺡ҵʥ͡
ƺǰˣǶϢģͨѽ
һ죬㱻ȣµڵŻأ˵˸Ҫ㣬³ͷܹˣȥûˣ˵ǡѡġ⡯ˣճͳ¶Ͻ߸ϣҺáףջȥˣ
ƺϵ˸ŷôôⳤӣܵѵͷˣ
ͷίûС
Ǹ࣬ҲǵŶ͸Ϲˣײ㡣
ţǵˣұҲҪǡƺ򵥵˴λҪңΪжڴ׾¶棬͢Ǹ£Ҫǰȥ̽
ϵǵʱˣӲȥ
һۣѻ˵꣡
ұҲȥ˵ͷǹߣҾͲòһˡƺɫζǰˣ¶Ҳǿжᡣ
̵ȥ
һ
ߺʾԼ
Ա߰־ٵϸߣ磬Ҳȥ
ȥƨȥؼʵֵȥƺҴټӸš
Ÿ繦ûҺأ϶Ϻȣ§סƺ磬ʹҰɣȥûˣҼҾʣһˣ㲻ù˼ʲô˵һ˵һܰﵽ㣡
ƺЩԥụ̂Ȣϱյ˸ӣ´Ҳɢ˼һˣǼȥɡ
æͷǣ
Ǻðɡƺ룬Ҳ˵Ļеͬˡ
ʣʱ
ƺ׿Ӧһۣ׿Ӧб³ͻȻҹλ¡
Ѵ𣿡ƺʵ
ͬûУ
ǺãҸԻȥ׼ңʱ常ǰϣΪ˼ߡ
ƺǰһӻóõֽүĵδѾǹӡˡ
˵䣬Ļ˸Ǻţʹ˸ɫ
΢ɲص˵ͷ
Աߵ硢ˣ׿Ӧվƺ󣬶Դһ֪
뼸ɢƺ׿Ӧзظֿ⡣
·ϣ׿ӦͻȻǡš˹ϵ治
ǰѷĺ󱳽ԷĽ飬Ȼ˻ס鰲׵ƺ࣬˵ҲЦ⡣
λ顭᲻̫Щ׿ӦжƺӵĿ⣬͵ᣬΣգϾǴл֪Ҫʲô
ƺЦЦᣬɵģܺãһѵģҺ˽֮ǰ鲻㡣˶Ǵûɳģܵøᡣ
׿Ӧ򴽲ԣɫЩɥ
ƺһۣһЦû
šҲҪ㣬æϣܿЩץˡ׿ӦԥΣڻǿ˿ڣû뵽˺ȣ¡
ûʲô⡯һĨڣҲǾѵ˿ŽؼΣէϽƻĶϸҲ
ⰲοƺ׿ӦûʲôãüʹƺҪټӣ۵һĨջ֮ȥ
ƺ˫ۣײײļ٩ôףôأС۶𣿡
Ȼǣ׿Ӧ̵Сǵͨ졣
ףǶԼҪߣԼʧ󣬶Բԣƺݸ㿪Цһ㡣ûʲô˵ģԶڹ¾սҪѧߵͬ顪ѵײǼ˴ִ𣿡
׿ӦɫһͣæȻǣǴ˴⣬ֻţԲֻǰ֮·ǧϣšḻ
˭ˡƺüں㣬ֲ㡣
׿Ӧһס
ƺ᣺ŴϵŻ˰ɣôöô
š׿ӦнӲص˵ͷл
ģڣỤ
⻰Ͽң֮ǰǰе٩һʵʵĻ׿Ӧжԭǲ̫õĵһӡ˸ı䡣
۽ǿƺһۣԷĿǰ̹ȻӢˣǴ˵ȻӢģ
ˡȻʱ컬Щؼʱ̵ͦɿģ˾ðȫ
ˣ֣šܲΪҪװôһأ׿ӦкҲŹɽǻֻ֣ǿһǣѾʮ־ޡ
ƺšǶϸͷޣǵ⣬ζ뽫ˡ常ˡ⡯ǶԷǱûȥǸػĹַǡ⡯ȫ˹ٸߣҲܻأ
ǰƳ˸ӾܵĻأֻǿϧ׿Ӧи˵⻰ƺɫʱæǧڰ
Ⱗҿɽڲˣƺѿڶ־ùçײһۣüĿԼһ仰ʱòĪӿһɷꡣ
αΪ޹أ
д꣬޷Կô
ˣǻлȥȡװɡƺϾҪණҪ׼
ص˾֮ƺȥ鷿壬Լ˷ָּۻһûûƤҪЩӣȨá
屻û취ֻѲߣܴӦ¼ȫӦ
ƺ˵ÿڸ豭һ̾һȻ뵽ʲôʣָʹʥܸܲҿ
ûصһۣʥǸҵģʲôʸ񿴣˵£û¸Ͻ
ƺɫһ漴ЦЦûɣҾͲ鷳ˡ
ܿ㵽Լȥݹɽʱ䣬ƺҪƥҪţ׿Ӧнס
֣ͬȥɡʮ̹ϡ
ƺﷸֹ
ӦʲôƲ߶׿Ӧжᣬƺʱȴãʾžḻһ⺺Ͳˣõʱ䡣
ȴƤҩƵʲô˼
˵浥ز¶
ƺˬƵ΢΢ۣ׿ӦвǧΪĴӢۣҲȥǰݣʾ⣬㡣
ƺͷƤƬ̺Ҳûϵ㲻ضǣҿɷɲġ
д࣬񱼣Ƕ˻У׿ӦиǺشܷ
ǰС̯Թвַ⣬⵽˳Ǳ
ֻ·̻̯ڶ࣬ڶһٵľ󣬲ǰеı߹سǳǰǰ·ؤټ
ƺ°ȻĿ⣬ʵǵһ۸
ţȥԶ׿Ӧи̾߹سǼ¡׶ܸڹƽദ̩񰲣ذոᰲҵʳ
ԶھǳҲᵣı߹ذչòãƺʵ
׿ӦпһۣɷԵļҹ¡
⻰ڹûʣ粻š
Ųš
ƺһСʢЦ⣺У㵱ˣôʹһ֪ʲô٣ͣȢ޲δȢ޵ĻҲ˷Ұɣϥ¿жŮϲкŮ
׿ӦУ
ʵ̫ˡص
ƺίͰͣҵ㶼˽⣬Ҷһ֪δ̫ƽ
±ͲŰա׿Ӧ
ֱ꣬찮ˣƺζƫͷ۶ԷǴͷһ۸ҲֻܱԹ䣬ﳤˣ˷ףĪҲйʲô
׿Ӧ߬ʶؽ˼֡
ƺ򴽲ŭ⣬Ҳþգûٶ˵ʲô
Ǻܿ˳ţ񱼣ల¡
۸λڴ׺Ͷı߾Ҫı߷ͣ͵ĻвͣǵصϰաǲĹ򣬾ܿƬѳũԶһŵͰ񷿡
úǵִһдɽ䣬ɽɰأʯľޱķͷǵɢ䣬ǸȻķسԵ΢һ㡪ֻûкɵʬˡ
ɽ䲻ã˱ɽȥ
оףֻзĽɫ⴩͸Ӱ棬°߲Ӱʹѹ֡
ʮɣһС£·أվڷǰ̬룬硢顣
ͷƺ׿ӦУǻ֡
ƺ׿ӦУΪɽһûжֻۣܽ˴ҲֻǸ¹ڣָ͢ɽὫǨĹ԰ᡣ
ΪӢ۲д˶Դƺںʧֻܸ͢常һ
ʯǰѾں˼˴ļƷ¯ƺʡš˲Źڱǰ
׿ӦԶԶվ󣬸ֶׯء
常ʱ꣬˶Ҵ֮ģƺʡšɲٴ·ȫƺŨü΢壬£常̵ƺΪ˳ߣң˽ͣȥΨڡƺխһ£ʼղ£ҪΪ常ֻع常֮飬ƺ¡
Ȧ΢죺үС˵ʲôΪ㱨𣬽ʬΣ
ɫǴ˼үҪǹ֣һˣǶзݣ
飬ſǻֺ磬ǴҶҪΪ㱨𣡺˺ö㲻ܹ
ɫׯأүǴһ˳óԸ
ƺ׿ӦУ׿ˣΪ常Ļǰɡ
׿ӦӦȥƺȼݵڱߣΪɽֽ
ƵֽڻлΪѤõѪɫ䣬Ũص𣬴Խڣֱ
׿ӦŹɽ򵥵ķĹĳȣȴô˿԰ףʲôû˵ϹΪ㡣
һ࣬ƺٴվһţеƽԭ·ԶЮعĲ͡ϼ䣬ոǿⲻ衣飬ӻΪۡ
˵գߵף
ɽѾȫֻбǰ¯ŵ⡣
ϦɽΨʲһĨ죬ʿ
лҪ˵
γԭ䡷
~


5 ·
֮˲سǣһ·ϰϰɢЩĳơ
·ϲ֪˭˻ϻӣһһ죬ƺŲ˼䣬齥һЩ
ΪΪ常Щʲôɿֻ࣬ǡ
ƺĬĬ׿ӦУԷһԣƺϸŴģ鲻̽Ǻ档
׿ˣĵͦƺ룬㷽ҴеĿǸҲûгֹͲĻ
˶˾ţֻǰųһͣſڣСϰӣæµ
˿ô೵˹𣿡
ƺ˾ǣǰҸָʹѾã˴̽Ѱߵټҵȼٰ̣һ·ڵ롣ϷһЩƷڶĿǵľװмϡ
װ˷ܵش󺰣ҵġҲ𣿡
Ҳ˾񣺡ҵġ䡯أ
Ӹϣ۾ҵҲˣ
׿Ӧǰֻƺ͡ᡱû뵽С䡱͡ʮֺ棬ԱĬĴһۣĵҽٲҪʲôıǼĺʶʶ
ƺסԾԾ飺ڣ·еʱ俴һ׿˰ɸүҰڣᣬͯ
Ҳ鲻ԸԼͷҲǸ٣ɵˣ
׿Ӧͯ߳˫Ѿ٣ȻȴѾԸݣ̲ס˹ǡ
繴ļЦᣬ׼ס
죺㲻壡
ԼˣʲôƺЦ۷򸾣δ˸ǱѣһȽȥãһȥδ˴С
˸Сţû·ȥ·š
СǰȥƺҰʰϸѾ˹ڰһС󣬴򿪿һۣ¶ϲɫش
Ƭ̺绻Ůװ٣ͨװߵſڣﻹһ¶ˡ
ѽŤʲô˵˲ѿʹһ鳶˳
мȥӵĴ磬ʹǿЦƺꡱһĲһأűָЦ
ͯһҪ˫Ѿ٣Ҳ׽ŪģҪվǰģһһ̴ֲ˸ĴѾͷϻ˺ɫӳòϲ졣
ˣҲͯ磡
ҲЦͷЦӡƺץȥæֹ˭׼·ộôߣϸƵģͷۡ
ûסͨ죬̡
ҲҪԭ·ͦõģ鲻ܷ٣첱Ӵֵؿʼ
Ӻֱʲôɺͳ
һ٣缦
忴һۣߡһôֺģȥ𣿣
ƺȣ첻ߣԴ˩ڿϵģһһգׯأô˼ЦˣʵڱǸ
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˼һӢСɾúúôһ£㼱ʲôƺûεضȣŤͷſһɨʱɴ۾ס
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ƫݣ·˵ĹǼܣһݶᲢã°һģԵס
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ԶԶԣֲҲڸǲ˵ĸ֮
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ǽָΡ׿Ӧ޳ָӨķɫãֶʱͲյ˵֣˹ӵ֡
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Ҳ֪ǡϱǡұĸ׿ӦоñŤæذѽָʣⶫ̫أ㻹ϸպá
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ȡԼװͰֳƺ׿ӦڵһݵڶƵ
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̤ʯϣ̤̤죬һ·ȥʧҰ
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׿ӦüŲŲԶ˵㣬Ƭ̺õʣ֣ǲǡ
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׿Ӧб紵еƺĲʮȣӴָƺҲвԷʲôԵֲ֣
ƺָͬȺģϵĴ׿Ӧĸо鼫临ӣɿ֣ӶԷֵ³˻תţȴһס˸첲
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кο£ҪˣҪϲʲôˣȨ޸ɡ׿Ӧ֣˻ȥñԷΪԼ£ֲͬһ·ˣԻأ֮Ρ
úÿһϲ㲻ףҶҪģ˲Ҫƺ첲ԹԵҳ˲ҪˣҪǸңһﻤţܰί
ҪʲôֲǽεεС׿ӦѿڶȻʶԣҧгݵ˵ֲͬһ·ˣĸף
ƺ¶ϧǻʵ߹󣬺䲻ϡУһݡ
׿ӦŭˣҲؽǳҶ˽ûаȤ
ƺȻϣ촽һֱߣһȻģĬĬתͷǰҹ·
Ƭ̺˳ɵҲǶƫ㡢롣
ƺɲعһЦ̽Զ϶׿ӦУδˣ
δĵô˽ˮأ
޶˾ۡ
ĥԷ޷˵ˡͬ˵һĿǰյɡ
رֹߵȺݡ³ݡֺӼس֣ٹ졣׿ӦеǲҪȥݿ𣿡
ƺۣЩֻôʵ۾ųȥߣ˴Ѿͣ紦˻УҪö֪ˣǸɣ
ˣ׿ӦæĹۣиӵϵͻȻʧ٣ھӱ֮󣬵ŵ飬ΪǱ˰ܡ
ƺʾȤϵĹûزʲôҪۣ߶˸ϵʿʲôֵôСֵģ
ӣóⵤص㲻ʲôǡ
׿Ӧζƺף˼ǣף
ԣϸҩˮʯͤ֬ȣĶʮ㡣׿Ӧе˵ȥĹۺ죬㺦ԼСϧǮȥоⵤڵۻãǿͷ
ƺ˼˼ƽϡ
ЩȻʣΪǰڶ˾Ų˵׿ӦĦ顣
̶̰ദܿƺ˹߻ݣδ棬ƣֵÿŲΪ¡
ƺӶǣڨЦôʲôʶָʹҲɣô죿
лڣɣ׿Ӧں
ʱͻȻһƺͻȻΣһЦȻ˸Уˣ
ǰ·ͻȻת䣬ʻȥ
ݳԭ·ʱת·ʧããҹɫУ
лҪ˵
ˮָˮʯָͤ֬ǣⵤ
磺̹̹
Уе㷽


6 Ϯ
ƺ񱼣ϵС·᫲ƽߵ֨죬Ҫɢܡ
׿Ӧзӣһץס壬һץ嵶ɵ򳵺һƬ󣬲δʲôϮ
죬òϢϸ̽δ춯
֣ô֪׷׿Ӧгǰ󺰡
ƺͷ𣺡źŲ˹߻ͷ¶β濹ϲ͵Ϯ۸ǵϸ
ͻȻɫһݣǰ·ϣ
䣬׿ӦеĶڲ׽һ˿һ֧ƿնţ
ʯ䣬ƺ嵶ɣȻһת׿ӦԱһôϣ˫Žڿӯת漴ء
ǿ񱼳ȥͻȻ䱻ʲôһ£һҵ˻ˤڵأҲۡһ෭ˤüɢܣ׺ڵϲס
ƺ׿ӦбվС·м䣬սгػΧ
׿ӦжƺŶл֡
ƺЦЦδڣ׿Ӧе¼ѧղҲԱ㻹ȹ˺Լɣ
ǹˣȻչ˺㡣ƺ˹ǣ漴кһΧ·ôͷ¶βɲǺúΪ
ҹó棬΢΢ֻʣһԿƺ׿Ӧ䣬ز׽е졣
ƿ֮ٴƾճ˼ֻž˳ʸ֯һƬܲ͸ǵص
׿Ӧ˻гٶȼ죬¹֮һƬʸһء
ǴڶϮֹǰ
ƺͺһ
׿Ӧлͷļһǰʵŵס𣿡
ްûٶȸˣǶ
׿ӦӵĹƺʹƵذѼ˳ͬʱӻͳһԲͲ״󺰵ͷ
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ǶڿУ·ͳƵҶƬķһƬƬչ£ɫʵ¹·ӨĹԵɷǺÿ
û׿ӦзӦѾſɡ״ͷ
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׿ӦжɡĿɿڴʲô
ĺöأƺ˵ʣµԲͲסɡڲˣԲͲһڽ쳤һŤǹ̶סٲȻɡֱ
ƺŴɡվѸתɡ棬ļȫ˳ȥ
׿ӦվԱߣŵһʱе㱡
ͷһӦϮӦԵУ
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ƺɡ˻ΣNɪسº˰ɣǲǸóˣ
׿ӦʮֺɡҶƬȻֽȴӲʵ˴۽硣
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Ϯܴᣬ͵ϮҲȥˣֻಡ·߰˸ˣֳֳ׿ӦкƺΧм䡣
ٽô档ƺɡԱһӣ𳤵׿ӦٴαԱɾҪˣ
׿ӦŵǰˣЦе㷦ûǣ
ƺ˺ֵǵ·ģ۸ô󶯸ɸ꣬¾˸ıү𣿡
˴ͷβһԣ˴˼ûһͻȻĬػŵ
׿Ӧкƺ˴һţһʱֻñײġϡ淴¹⣬еۡ
⼸͵Ϯߵ࣬ƺһ˲Уһ߳ȥ׿Ӧе
˵ȷݣΧ˻εתİѴͬʱһɶ漴һһתе˸һ𣬶ʱ漸˵ĵ
ƺɺȲʣ
һ񣬶˱㹥˹ͷһŲﻬſָܿ˹˼УһؿڣԷ߳һԶ
һĻ׿Ӧо۵ף⳰Ц֣ɵüа
ƺϷˣƵǰĶתŲҲûţòл԰ĹȻǵúúÿû뵽㲻˿ΣҲΣûˣ
׿Ӧô뾡ⳡ򶷣촽רעӭս
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˲֪У֧Ҳʧȥ·ֻƺƺڲԶ󺰣Уۣ𿴣ǡһ󡯣ۣö
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ʶнȷΧ֮˵ķλ֮ذڵϹһȦֱȡ˽ףܿ
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׿ӦŻع԰ǻװأ
Ҳ֪ô£͵Ϯ߼׿ӦҵԿһİ취Ȼƺܣͣ׿Ӧйȥ
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׿ӦмӲģɽ󺰣Сĵ㣬ң
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׿Ӧƺűܳʮ⣬һô£ƺֱۣϢȵ˵ɡˡ
䣬֧Ųסֱ׹ȥ׿Ӧзס߿š
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Σû¶ˡƺ³һĵ˵ĺ簡
׿Ӧĺ󱳣ҿˡ
ʲôһȫѪ߰Ѷ͸ˡ
С˺ƺһĵ۴ӶԷб£ѪԴԴӿ˴Ŀġ
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ơжոǸ붼еΣգܹѵ¡ƺԽԽС㡭ܲˡ
УҵôȥС׿Ӧа뱧ϧƺģ׿Ӧһʱò
ƺ֣Уѹˡ
Ҳ׿Ӧ۾ͨǿѹԼʧ
ƺ⸱ӣͻȻһ
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У׿Ӧһھܾ˳һǻٻô죿
ƺ˵ˣ׼Ϊˣ¶ұ㾭ḻȥ
׿ӦмۣۿҪ֧ջǣΪѵҪһᣬ£վ˵ҡȥˣһң
ġƺ۳˹ǣһбİҪŪ
ҿȥأҪҲ͸ץй׿Ӧͨ˹ϣҲٽ飬ܻ·߰⿪ȥʹһ
˵òأǱһֱǣӿ񱼣ת۾ûӰ
׿Ӧϵţµôǧڻ㼯ؿǴᡪⱲӻûôʦûУûΪôɵص
ƺʲô⣬ΪƼˮˣ
ҪˣǶкô
ȵȣ
׿ӦкȻòԾһʱЩӿȵȰͷ۸ԽԽԡ
Ҳûϵ㲻ضǣҿɷɲġ
ƺխһ£ʼղ£ҪΪ常ֻع常֮飬ƺ¡
ôʲôʶָʹҲɣô죿
ƺŴŻһЦݵԺи֣׿Ӧжʱһ

סתͷղϮĵط񱼡
׿ӦбûܳԶһһҲһʱ䣬ڶѷǰף⼴
NNûŵ棬׿ӦѾǰᵹ·ߵеǰԴͻȻһƹ
ǿô£ӰûУ
׿Ӧҧгݣơ
лҪ˵
飺šƷƷɡ죬ר˼Ϯշ磬Я㣬νӼбر֮ֻҪžŰˣ߹·Ҫ


7 
̫գãһƫƧС·ϣһǰһ󱼳š
Ϊ׵ƺȥ£ţѾ˿ڷ룬Ϳҩű
Ѫܴѩ׵ı׳ʺ죬һǵְ̺ۣȥǺˡ
ƺ۵֨ҽУү㣬ڲҲʬ壬ܲ飿
㻹֪ۣͿⲻϧǰҪȣûƺڹˣ̲סӴ־ý˳Եͷԣ⵶һͼ˹ǣôһӣҲʬ壡
ⲻû취𣿡ƺͷð˶ĺ飬ɫ촽ס
ֵһ㡣
Ϊ簲ŵˣһ־;òԡƺ̾˿ǰǳ׿ӦģҲ֪˭ôݣҪȡ
Ӣ۾ˣ
ƺ۵á˻һƫͷʶǺôʶô˵ô֡ͼƻ㳡ͻϮҺ˦˭˵˰ҲһʼûûܼʱѣۿԷѣҲܼȲǣ
Լ׿Ӧвʶһ죬ߣɫͷһѵ
ϳ˵˵ʱʱ졯ʱûѡֻӲƺЦģ㿴ڲҲоգ˦˵ĿҲﵽˡ˵ô鵤ҩƤʲô
ЦһûػõۣƺҲֻſţʰҩ䡣
ҩºü㣬ÿ㶼װ˸ʽƿƿ޹ޣвͬдƿƤңޣһ㡣
ƺӵȥ͵ؿϸǣЩס֡
СƢôһ㶼ûġƺջ֣ڨڨ˵
һۣͷǶΪС롣
ƺգգۣĥʲôˣ
ûػҩһţÿſڵĲȥˣͷϳİɡ˻߯࣬ˣ
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繪ȿһߣͳһһ߼Уһ˵ĻأʱţƬƬչмţƤȻһС
ֻ⹭ƽòͬչҲߣڣм֧һ߳Ķ̼ȦһöϣƺиɵĻء
ƺһۣɻã
óһϸϸãԣõúܡûˣ
һ˵ţһ߰ѹڴһ¡
ƺǳԵӣЦЦ
ʵͰһˣ
һ·ˣֿΪƺŸ첲ϹŵźǱƴȥģο
ЦȥǲǰŪͿˣȻĵһУɹɱĵģȺ㣬ֲܰô
ƺ¹׿ӦĲ΢΢ЩץӣץӹץӣػиҪȥ
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ȥĹۣɻ󣬡㲻׿Ӧ׷һȥҪô죿
׷Ҫ׷ҵǻȷһ¡ƺ˹ǡ
Ǹأλڴвƫϣ۸һ·ߣ񱼣ԼʮҾͿɵִ
ƺһһģЩƷҲǮÿ˷ֱһЩԱʱ֮衣
˼һǰƥһ·ո·ºŵݳǡ
Ǳ·ǰ̼֣һ·ϳͨ裬ûκ˵Ļɡ
Σݳŵʱسǵ·Ǳ˰죬ַҪﻹװʲô˵˵Уǵ˶һݣһ鳵
ƺ˰ѸԵȫؽ˳µİУװֻм˵ϸ۲ȥûз֣ŷǡ
͵˵ӣ͵͵үôôϣﲻ̫ƽǾǹ·ģͼġ
ò㾣βȹҲ֮ˣ۲ɵض࿴˼ۣͣûʲô¶̫ү֪ʲôöԹ˲һ㡣س̫ƽ£Сӷľǡ
ллүҾͷˡ۸һתȥ
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ڶ棬Ÿ첲Цүˣɵġ
˸˭˶Ϲôᡣû۾顣
֪۷㣬û㡣Ӱͳһֽ黳ǰʣ۽
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۾Ц죬ֽҪԣͻȻһֻ˹Ҫƺ³ͼһϣɵ֡
ƺһֻýӹֽЦ
ң鲻ȥ͸ƺ˴
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ڰУ׿Ӧеѹúܵͣż⣬ƺߣһСˢӣõԳ
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9 
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׿Ӧֱߵ嵶һȿƺҪ´˭֪ʱƺͻȻѹڴϣȱסȣ˫ְ˫
ſң㵽ʲô׿Ӧоϧƺȫѹϣһ⵹Ǻܹá
ƺϹЦǾӸµؿ׿ӦУӣǼʣ֣˵ʵ㵽˭


10 
׿ӦԾ޼£ú٣Ťͷݺݵصƺ
ƺһֻɫСޣѾοȴҪһ׶ͼάԼϡ
ƺǺ庢ӣ˵~
׿ӦУ׻ʵʹ׿ӦмֿǣѹһһĻϽ֣
ѡƺŻ¹µһԿǰˣ۾ͬöӣø˵ʵȻ
ôƺҪ
ҶҪҪƺ㾡ܷģûǿȱ˵İá
׿Ӧ̾һƺǷģȫļҲɳȻˣȷҡ
㣬㲻ú˵ƺһȹƨϣѹסȻٽ˫ַ󣬡֪㲻װ⡣
û֪Ǽٵģ׿Ӧвͷͷϣ˵ƹٷڣƾʲôң
ѥӲԡ
׿ӦУ
ʱƺԼѥʱƵ̾˿
ǧ㣬û뵽һ۾ͱʶˣ
ƺٷǿѥӴСȴѽͣ򲻵ѥֻѰƿʽһҲҶ϶Ǽٵġ
չ׿Ӧеƣ˵ĺͻڴļӣ⶯ᣬȴ׿Ӧоִֻĵ첲ವġ
ָʱͷˣõʽ˫֣֡ƺɣӵλúͺȻ᲻ͬδضʹýȴһѵδ̫ã
׿ӦЦһûٻͻȻϷ𵽺󱳵˫Ťһ˼ĳ̶ȣƺȫƵתƺ˵һɣ㱻һŴӴȥ
֮׿Ӧ嵶Ҫֱȥ¥ɶ£ɫкܿʧӰ
ƺЦЦҲӯ⣬һ·ǱУܿ㿴׿ӦĨɫӰ
׿ӦоֱĹ۱ȥֱӳӵ強˹ŵĻӣ򣬶̨ϸز鿴ǽǡ
ӵͽܣ԰ɣ
һ׿Ӧʱһˣмˣ
ͷȻƺ˫ۣббؿſվţϹӯӯЦ⡣
ղǹİɣǿǲǻȻôܴѡ׿Ӧ䣬޺޵šȻսթ
ƺ٬ı飬ߵǰУǸҲٵϣֻȷݡ
㲻Ͳµô
¹£Ҫ֤ݡǰ俴㲻ף֪㲻ǻˣδƵƺ̹ϵ̲ˮ˦㣬Ҳȷʵ᲻׷ķʽ׷ոպط꣬ҴžͲ³ݡ
׿ӦиоԼĿ֮Σ̾ϢȻܸңЩ𣿡
ŻĹʦµļǺţδʣڵס
ƺ飺˵ɱ
׿Ӧҧ˵
ѥӺ͵Ե࣬Լڻɱˣֲɵ㡣ƺͷҪ֪ǡšڳ͢ǹ˺ŵĻ쵰ÿһʵĹٶΪҵ̬ȶġƫƫôºͣʮֺƣûлɡ
û⵵£ʵ۵ղǿ׶ϣ϶ҪԼжǰ㲻ţҲ㣬Լʶ
׿Ӧһţһ𣬾ȻΪ̫ò¶ڣֱûط˵ȥ
У̬̫żһֱڴߴ·͢ЩүǿɴӲǧﱼ۵۸Ա㲢Ϊ֮ǰղǺ޲Ъϰ²ſ϶ָɻʵƸֽļǣǰ칫
ټĳ͢ûһʵʵµģ׿ӦвмؿƺҲ̫ԷƱˡ
ƺ˹ǣ׿ѵöԣС֮ˡ
׿Ӧж⣬֮ǰҺֻ̽ң
ƺһ֣ʱе¡
ˣұ˦֮ûȥ㻳ҵ֮һˣ
Զ׼ƺȥʧҲù˻Щšɲйᡣ
׿Ӧһ죬û뵽һ㣬ûٳȫЩ˵˼ʧˡ
˶٣ʵΪλӵͽܣ
ʱ򣬻㲻ԭһǱѬζԡٷûУζԡƺʵңմȾѬ㣬Ҳزְľ㡣
׿ӦвɵصͷԼţѬζ
ϰˣȻֱ治ƺӣΪɰĹۣŵζҶʱ뵽㣬û뵽һͻȻ֣δȷŲ³ɡ
ô׾ҵͨڣӸһף⣬ǷŭʱҼȷݣԸոڷڰǰҹ̽ӵͽܣȻûĵȵٽʹһ˯֮͵͵ܳ鿴Ȼ㡭
׿Ӧƣؾһֻ֣ʾ˵ˣƺ֪ʶȤر졣
Էԭǽһվţ˳Źӻȥڵϣͷϥ΢΢
˵ף׿ӦвǸͨգȻոǿһʿ㲻ϣΪ˴ʦð䣬ɼʦͽ
ȻϣȴԼһμΣʱ¶ģǧʵⲻȥ
Ǹҡ
ʦһ£δʵ̫ǣˡ׿ӦͷͻȻΨһˣҵĶҲ
ѹúܵͣǿѹԼȴǲС¶һƺŵھθ
Уѹúø˵һ顣ƺСضԣҰȥʦ
׿ӦһĬ˺һͷҲû̧ôϥУ㲻Ҫҹ߱ôαض¡
شһ⡪Ϊʲôңƺðģ
׿Ӧ̧ͷûпƺʹüۣϸŨĽë˲ҵɡ
ƺ˵Ҳû׷ʣ˵ҲУΪܰ㣬ԲԣȻûұˣֱң˵Ϊʦʧ٣йϵ
ң׿Ӧпƺûпޣֻձͨ죬۾Ҳģһֻİá
ţðҪɱͷﶼ£ôԶѰңȻҲ㡣ƺЦЦˣӲǱ°ߵģǱáȰȳʦȥҹˣܲҵָɽ
ﲻױ꣬û˹ûʣ常ԩҲܣ׿ӦȻеĪǷɵˣƺðԷһزʲô㱨ˡ
ֻ֮䣬ּϣƻˣ׿Ӧȴǲš
Ƽˮ꣬ȴΪ˲ģ
ĪأƺΪԼһֹһ¡
ǰΪʲôҪÿƣ׿Ӧʵѿң֪Ǹúƭģһи˦ңΪηҪô
⣬ƺһ㶣漴ЦýΪѪټ棬ôҡ
ͻȻ̫Ⱥɱֵ¶׿ӦУѩϼ˪ŵȶԷԼ֮ϸһʣðʼĩû´Ļɱֿܸйء
ǷԴܹˣʲô׿ӦԽ˵طʡ
ƺݸں𣿡
ޡ׿Ӧиɴ˵鲻գ̸Ϻ޲ޡҲƭ㣬˴˱˴ˡ
ȻƺǿӦеķӦһƽ߲֮嵶ⲻˡ
ⲻˣǾͱ⣬ܾͺáƺ⣬αĳߣȥ˵뷨
׿Ӧб˵ƿԣʱԼ·С֮ģ֮ĪЩȻ
ңΪܰʦ²˳٣㶼֪ʲôҡƺ͵һĺ󱳣ɹģ约ʲôôҲ֪Сʱǲܹʲôƭô˷ôأ
׿Ӧһͣƺе飬˵˰ɣ
ûиĸֻʦΪЩľȻôһƯģСʱҲһ۵Ŀɰӣᱻģˣ
ȷʵûʲô֤ݣȻ˵ˡ׿Ӧкܿ׵飬ɴҲ˵ϣŴ񣬡ʦЩʯ衢ɰʯлư֮ﶼ۸񰺹󣬹﹩Ҳ࣬ΪұʱɽȥѰЩ¸ɡ
ȥʦѵЩը֮󣬹ֻܼܶ˲öǮðʦҩŪЩжĶ屾Ͳãȥգ˼˺֮
׿Ӧʦǲӣ֪ںδǵǣȻĵԼ˵Ҳת۾ͱԼ˼ҼЩʱһ
ҵͷӣһҪҹٰؽ񷿺ú˼
޹ޣ׿Ӧ뵽ʦ;ۿᣬʱƺͻȻϣΪԷҪοԼ
û¡׿ӦеϢ֣ûϵƺͻȻ߬ø
ɵ̧ͷ㡭
˿ƺĿȴͶ˴ͷǽڣһüͷ΢е㲻Ծ
˵̨ͷϸꡣ
к״׿Ӧиȥǽϸûʲôס
ƺָϼǽƤǰǶصʱﲢûЩ
ǽʧޣżȻǽƤҲ
ƺ̨ͷǽ죬˶ǽ˼ָץӹϸۡ
׿ӦеȥǽصĻأ֮󣬴󴲡֨֨Ų¶˴µͨڡ
Ǿ̨һϸϸ۲һ߽ҡ
п֮ǰ޶£Ǹո뿪ʱңҲʲô仯
׿ӦĿ˳żϵĶһһӹȻƺֱۡ
ո
лҪ˵
У񾭲
磺ҩ


11 ̹
ƺĻʱסŲĿƵػΧ
ε֪
׿Ӧָżϵ鼮˳ȫˡ
鼮ļӣ׿Ӧн͵֮ǰҾòԣΪʦⱾ졷֮Աǣȥȡŷʵزԣ̶˻ء㿴ǰ鼮İڷŴŪˣʯԭǷڡʮת𵤡࣬мȴ顣
ƺһ˵һϸϸ鿴ӣҲ˶ߣ﷭ҹϵĻҳӡǲԡ
׿Ӧнǽϵ̨ٴεȼʮĬػһһ룬ϸѰ
߼װҩĵҲƶ
¯Ķ˷
ߵשҲ˹Եĵۡ
ǽżӱǿƶשлۡ
Ҳ˷
Ƿͷеĺۼϸϸɸһ飬ȷǽ֮ҹ
ƺɻؿ׿ӦУʲô
Ϊʦĵ¼Щҩ䷽׿Ӧʧؿӡ
ʦѵ𣿡
ᡣ׿Ӧ룬ҡҡͷʦ˼ϸ壬ҪĶһ
ƺߵߣȻʦӦʱݣ̫ġ
ҵҲ˺ʦصЩޱȣһܾͻẦɥصʦָӲС׿Ӧüģµʦܿ࣬ڲ𡣡
ʧһ£ȻѰ˻ȸں˵һµǲڴ˵صӵͽܻ֡ƺ˼з¶Լݣ
ûУʱܻᵽΪ˲ʶƣһֱװԼǵһ׿Ӧдܵ˵ǱϢ˵ã죬Ǻ޲
ƺԷȻ̽ӣȻó١ոҺҲû֣㲻𡣡
̽ô׿ӦвɻΪ򲻲˭֪γ֪ǿиǿ֡
ȻƽıôмҲȲ磬״̬ѵ¿Աһյʱ䣬ĸٷǴɲܷ
Ȼ׿ӦвûĻοܸеӣƣ
ƺϵľ⣬ںҲûãȻȥɡ
׿Ӧгɣڻ᲻ڰп̽ǣ
Ҳ̽ӦϲǻƺջǱӦ£̽ӵĻ㲻۾
һ˵ţһߴյ׿ӦжߵôΪľǲݾߣ½ȡǼȻǵټҲǼţͣһǾ·𡣡
׿Ӧеͷƺһָԭٴ뿪Ĺۣؿջ֮С
˷䣬ƺ죬Уĵһֱ·ûкúЪϢ˯Ҵ̱á
׿ӦиԼ˱ڣ⻰˳ڵأܿ˯ÿ
ƺһ㶣е⡣
׿ӦŻعŤŤؿǰԵ٩ʵΪ̽һ¡棿
ƺ̹Ȼͷ˼ɣȥ缷ǡ
ɫƺʲô˵ڡ
ҹɫӦ˯ˣȥš׿ӦԥһµҲ¡Ҳ˾ӣ֮òŤŤһ˯ǡ
˵գ̹Ȼѥ齣֤ԼĶԴº޽١
׿Ӧ˯ڿǽλã֮ǰǰƵǽϡ֪ƺĿ棬˼ϸ壬ԼھֹʲôףöԷԼгɼ
ϲں۹⿴ζʱᣬʦ̵ʩˣ׿Ӧڴ˽﷽Ϊ
һᣬƺѱӷŻԭλűԣ漴ġ
ƺǸˣ׿Ӧ֪ȻԷֵ٬ܾϴһĪı⣬ַκֺϧķ񣬶ǿѹֵĺܣֻͨϧԼͷţһǱҲֽѡ
ǳڵѪ֮Ǹ䣬ⲻ˱ָժ
׿Ӧвɵеϧͦõһˣ֮Уƫϲãⲻ˱ֵ⡣
¹㣬ѶûУո˵ҪȥǼ˯ƺЩΪѡ
ԣ
׿ӦкȻ뵽䷿֮¿ģҲ˵ƺԭҪһ˯˸ںǲǶ䣡
˸ղűֵǧΪԥϷ
Ȧף׿ӦգתƺĺףԽԽɵ̧һš
ƺűӹϣһµͷһ˫ŭ۾ίУ˯ôʵ𣿡
׿ӦΪʲôƭң
ƺȻôƭˣ
㣬Ϊʲô˵ȥǼ˯ôΪѣ
ʲôʱ˵ˣƺߣ˯ųĥ˯ҶǺ𣿣
׿ӦڨڨǽŲŲеŶǸ
ƺǸǸεģȤûЩҲԼŴԷȣ⡰ˡĺȷʵҪԼе
ӵϼĴɾڴϣ׿ӦУƬ̣Ҫ˵
ʲô
Ȼһжǲﻰ˵˴˼̹Σ
˵ʲô
֮ǰ˵Ļٲΰ룬ٵЩ㲻ˣ滰˵һ顣ڰУƺͬǣȷʵкøУһ۾;ϲҲ֪ûлģǲһ㲻ںûдʲôȻͲճ۸ƽ˦ͽ
׿ӦУʵԷ뷨ܲ³һϴᵽԼǶ䣬׿ӦҲûֳʲôԷԼͬˣӦǲеġ
˿΢΢ܿĿ⣬ɫԽţʶ򴽡
ƺ֪Լѹ̫ʢ׿ӦҲˣñȣҲգգۣһЦ
Էͷ֮ǰһ仰ҲġšѪγǱΥȥģ߸ɵҲᱻʵ׷ɱҲøˡԣԼԼʰã㲻ý䱸ҡ
ûн䱸׿Ӧ̧ͷһۣͻȻСһЩǸոеࡣ˵ҲôǲϲӶȦס
Ҷ˲Żֵܴ̹ƺؿׯأȻһͬ·н֮ӴҲҵֵܡ
Ϊʲô׿Ӧ૵ˣôҲʦŻøƺȷʵ⣬Ϊʲô˵лʣֻ¡أ˽ңͲҲ㵱ֵ𣿡
ƺãȻӣЦԴƭңҲƭù˵
׿ӦУ
С׿Ӧвˬ±˯˼ʱˣϢɡ
ƺҲǰƬļõԷĺ֪׿ӦҲδ˯ţʵУô뵽Ҫðҵģ
ЩʱʵʣЩʳҲôѰ
׿Ӧ룬תƺ۾
ߣе
ƺıֿ׿Ӧоãʱ˼룬Լˡ
һ֮󣬷ʦˣżȥѰټֻǱѰţʮʱҲ룬ʦ˲ûгԹҪ˵ʲô쳣Ǿǰиֵҹ
±ѱ׷Ѱʦټ·ͻȻġ
׿ӦиƺǰĻƻصʦڸ˳ܣʲôûطԡ
ʦˣ˺ƣƽҲʦͽ죬ǲ˺׿Ӧ֣˹㿴һθߴӣǴ˵Ĵ磬øĿȴʮ۽Ǵһ̣ͨ˼ҵĹӡ
ʦ㲻ٸ˽̸һָʾͿ͡һݻֻ˵𾴾ƲԳԷƣתȥ
׿Ӧʦô£ʦֻ˵ծţȻк
ǻ׿ӦҲû룬ϾʦܷǮ֮ǰǷ˵ծҲΪ档
֮ʦҲĴδȥɻǮǷ˵ծϣ徻׿Ӧ֪Լʦƽ˵úܣȷʵף㻹ծʵ
ǽһ£׿Ӧб㲻ôعһֱȥٻʱ򣬱㷢ʦѾʧˡ
˵Ͳ˵ĴѾ˹٣ˣʬٸһʼ϶ΪʣҲٷҪ̫үһӣʧ١
ʧٰû飬ֻϢ׿Ӧпɰ಻סûͷӬһܱ߿ʼѰ
ȥĵطǿջܴЩϢջкܶˣһλ˶ˣǸ̶Ķ˱˴˼ü绰ͻȻඥ
ʦǸ˳ܣ˵ľǶ
ƺ롱ʦô˵
׿ӦҲţҲ̫ʮűʦģʮ꣬Ӳ֪˵
϶Ƕ°ʦ
ʦͨⵤ˵˾ǶôƻҩȥըĹ֮бҹɽȥæƻҩʦܾˡ׿Ӧеʦ˵޵֮ˣܸЩ캦¡
ʦһƵ۵ϵʿܱ˵ʲôƺЦ϶Ϊ
֮⣬Ҳ벻ɡ
׿ӦҲ뷨ƺڻĵƺΨһĽ͡ȻƾһˣδӶоȻʦ
ʧǡЩ֮ʣһջ˵ڽŸϸսĹ£˹ɽӢ¾壬Ҳƺ
Щڻﶼ׿Ӧ̾ĵҵŵ˰ܴʦ䡣
ٰ۸ңĽƺЦ¶һڴǵ⣬ʵʣôǣǲǾҪҾõģ
׿ӦвԵ֣Ǹ£óȻǰֱӽҿѺΡֻڵĿջȷʵһ
Ȼ·йҪ죬ֻǽԵģ˵ڽţͶ˵˷˻
ɽһʵߣ˷йڳŵĻΪ飬ֻǴҳڶӢ۵ڽǵĹ¡
ųûϳȴƽ˵ֱӽ˵˼ߡ
˵˹ڴϰģذذգ顣ȴһߣָָԼؿڣ˵ŻҪ۸óžɲȻҰŵӵģ
֮ͨӣΪĸʵ۾ң
һвȻ˵˵ˡ׿Ӧд⻰ȴ˼
һ·׷վҹԷ䣬ֻ״ΰ˳͵컻ա
㵹ҲǸҪģץˡƺ׿ӦУЦЦͽͽ˵ֵܣ
׿ӦеʦҶɽҲӦ
Ҷ常ѣҲôģкڣ֡ƺͣһ£ʵǻʵԭҪǳžɲ
׿Ӧ򴽣дһ˿žɲߣɱ񾡣
лҪ˵
ʵǺ˿һսʵĹ¡
ڼð¶ûô򵥣Ļҿһԭ


12 ů
ƺ֪ʵ͵ʵݣεسҲû˼ʱģֻǶ׿ӦвҪ¸ˡ
ļ˯ȥ
һҹƺȻû˯á
ԭΪʵĻСšôһ£˾ǡʶƵû뵽ȴǡжĥɱ¿
ҲȫֲֻСšܶԸˣɱ˾ɱˣһųô죿һЩϱӲִҪΪɽô죿
ڴ׻ҪЩԼƿصıŸ£
ϻʵ飬ƺţвЦô࣬Ϊܿ͸£û뵽Լˡ
ϵ׿ӦУĺѾ೤˯ˡ
ʮղͣЪظϵݣĹգһ̷ɣȷʵѾˡ
˿ҲѾϲҲͷͷȻ˯
ƺĺҲǿ˯һʱʱѣûʱʱˣһµѥӣһϷֽʣīֽд˼֣ųš
׿ӦдԼʱ˯ζûһ·ֻ˯һ˲˹
˿ƺûټѵ¶ȣѾ
һ̷´ҪѰˣǱѥӣû߼ϿƺµǽĪԼȥȥͻء
Ǽдһƺˡ׿ӦпּСʱȻҲ̵ģŻһʺ֡
뵽׿ӦвԴ˵Щ档
ƺŽʱ򣬱׿ӦѾϴϣ·Ҳˣɫ׾΢΢Ÿսĳ⣬ԵüĿ󣬴ݰס
һĨɫƺͻȻһЩЦ˯ˣ緹𣿡
׿ӦУ
ôҡڣҾ㶯𡪡ʲôţ
Լûʶ˿Ѿƺհˡ
Էʱһƺһѽݸȿϲá
׿Ӧͼһ½û뵽ǸԼģЩ⣺һȥ
ǵǣȥÿ̿ţȻòߵѽ㱸á
ƺڳһȦһɢĶǹ۲죬׿ӦģõҲʣ˼̣Ѱѽ
ֻ˳ģöԷѹ
׿Ӧг˼£Ʈݣ֮ˣȷʵõʱȷΪҲܷӳ
ƺó׿ӦеĹɲ֮ǰֿȭԼͶԿʮֳԿ˵ԣûһʤԷ
׿ӦмԣƺѹƣҲγ˸յĿ
Уǲʲô͵Ĺ򣿡ƺ֮ǰԼϽƵİ취̾ӣҪңֱһ׼ˡ
׿ӦսʣǰʦĽģ˵Ϊˡ
ƺ˵ֻЦЦû׷ʡ
ѽ֣ܳл׿Ӧжƺֿܵʮָм
˵Ĳǿ׻⽣ƽƽ棬Ҳûʲôر𣬵ȷʵǰһֱõǰѺúܶࡣ
⽣ĽӯһЩʺɾϼѣжܽص㷢ӵ쾡£λԿ趯㡣֮⣬մָиʣҸ׻ѡ䲻أѾͨеƷˡ
ƺõԽزʮϤվϸϸĦôһʺĽոտʳΪ̫·
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˵ʲôȴֲ֪ô˵Ҳ͸ʦܵʱãҪ˵ɲãԼý顣
ɱô˵֮Ͱˡƺ֮⣬ΪУװ͵Ǹϸ򽻵ˣᴧĦģʺõĽʲô߰ɣȥԷ
ǷԭסˣȽϿѾں˷ʢͣվߣһĿСԣÿˮɾǲ
һƺ׿Ӧн̵ǿˣҶ
ûϢƺЦӻͳһӸ㡣
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ҫƵΧչʾµõı߶߶˵˵ԵɣƺЦǺǵкҳԷ
СӣˣԵ㽴ţ⣬أò׳ԶٺõģԼ
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׿ӦпͻȻЦЦͷСҧһš
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˵ƺҪ׿ӦоʦҲûʲô顣
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ʵһʲô
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֮׿Ӧбط任˹ٷƺһͬ÷ȥ
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׿Ӧؿһ죬ֶ֪ˣ
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ƺһۣ컹ͦ
׿Ӧ΢Цˣ˳ֿɻбĺȥ
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Уҡƺɫ࣬ȻΪ˲ϸⲻ˽ЩطҶûȤ
лҪ˵
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13 ¶
׿ӦȻ鲻αͻȻ֪ôȥ
ǲôҪȴҲϲ˺鰮һԵĶԴ֮֮¡ƺҵսɳѳ飬ûʲôֵǮļҵֻнʲôҳϡ
Թҳϣ԰ҳϣԼҳϡ
˵⻰ʱƺ΢⣬ޱׯء
Ǹ׿ӦЩ֣̿ԭֻ뿪Ц
ƺ΢Ц֪Ҳ˽ģôҶνҲԸ㵱ˡˣ˵ˣո˵ȣƽʲôƣ
תƻ⣬׿Ӧ˿ƺΪֲʱش𣺡ǰһЩ̻ߴ˼ؼ͵ֵǮ¡һ㶼ЩСڻƷֵǮΣվ±Ūھ鷳֮㣬ҾӣҲΣþˣҲһ
ΪʲôӵͽܣҶ֪ʲô֣
׿ӦεʦԶ֪˵ͽܣ˼һᵣ˽ǵĲ۵ֻ֪ҵķֻԼ׼֡
ƺȤʣ׿ӦУ˭ȡģ㷨ʲô
Ҽ׿ûдʦȡˡӦС֣˲ʱҲδȡ֡ûʦҲΪȡ˷ɵֱϵơ
׿ƣҲýƺԹԵ߶
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Сطټʲô٣һǸʵȻŵò֪ǺãûȥֱԷα
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ܵ÷ɿ죬ܿѰˣҪ˫ֳϣԲۣôµģ׿߲ãôۣ
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ձ޴ҪôɹƭǾд壬ƺԼʲô۵ð˭Ϊۣ
׿Ӧбůһ̧ͷײī˫Ī㰲ģһЦ
Լ⡰١ʵѧģʦرЩ߰оգ׿ӦдԶĿȾˣûù͵Ļʵͣ⻹ǵһΣû뵽һ˸ġ
۸ôŴƺߣ忴ߣ׼û뵽һô˳Ҳ֪ǲۻмƲߡҲûãƺ˵ģΪûз鵣ġ
˻˿ջƺ¹ٷ˻ϣڴó緹ڼ˵ҹȥֵļţ۲ѡ
ǻ˵Ǵ¥Ĺǳ¥ϸˣߣҵĶˡӣ̾Ա֬ζҲ㣬˳ŷƮʮվſ͵Ĺﶼôˮ飬ĸ
ôûȥ
֪ĸðΪѡֻۻ˹䣬½ǸɾʹˣɴĸҲǵˣЦһǰۡ
ƺģע⵽ҶͻȻ˶Ա߿ǽӷһƳ
װؿȥǱһˣͨɫֲŷͷԡ
ȻϹˡƺɲعһЦ
лҪ˵
Ӧ͡


14 Ϸ
ʱ׿ӦҲˣŤͷƺƺ΢΢һЦ漴ĿתˣղŵĻ⡣
Ȥ˵ô棬ǽȥ䡣鰸Ҳô˵ǲǰ׿ˣ
׿ӦϵصͷݣȷʵҪһµ
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ﶪ˸ȸôë𣿡
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ſӣȻˣҵﶼûˣֻʣԼһȢϱɸңͲµˡ
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㣬ֻȥֿۣδغȻơƺЦЦԱ׿Ӧе˱ˮ
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ȥ̻֮أһ˼ҿô죿̾漴˴һۣ㲻ȥ
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հײӣƻҪһʱ䣬˯һ񡣡ƺȥǱ
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ʹͷʯֵ·ڣ糣ͷȥ
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лҪ˵
ʾԴδӢӡҩ
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15 
׿ӦбΣɰ׵СҲ֪ǱŤģǱ·ߵĵƺӰӳã΢΢죬Щƺѵ٩Ļ˻ȥ
С̫֡ˣһƺұáƺ˵Ҫٰ׵ĻֱɡУ㷽㡣
׿Ӧһɣ˵ͷ
ƺղʲô
ˮУȥĸ׿Ӧ۽Ƴ֪ǸûС
ֵطӣöңǾᡣԺȥȥˮУҷͷжһ벶ȸں󡣡
³̣׿Ӧбġ
˭֪ƺͻȻײײļôң
׿Ӧ㶣֪γԡ
Է̽ӵ£һֱһ֮ʣδӰôױˣƺѹõͣʮ棬Ц
ﶯֽΪʲôҪɣ
͵͵Ҳ֪ɣ
ҹҲ֪һĹ۽㣬Ȱţ
һգΪʱ֮أ㲢֪ΪΣҲ֪硣
׿ӦŤͷü΢ûҪƭҡƭкκô⻹ΪǰĽŲ֣˵̹ΪҪô̽ңֹⷬǰһԼ𣿡
ĪֻﻹǣϾһ˽⣬ϸ˼һҲЩǳ˵ڲԼˣʵסƺڨڨϸ̽Ӵ򽻵ˣ˼תȦС֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
䣬׿ӦǸ˵ġ
˵Ҳ֣ƺԼѣôԼɵ׿Ӧƫƫ붫¶Էᡣ
Լһø
ǵءô˵׿Ӧ˿µҲֱˬԸĻǼ⣬Ҳֵ
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ǰ۸磬˲ȴůġ׿Ӧпƺ۾ǣҵĲǡ
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׿ӦжݸһЦͷ
ҲظıԼ˵ʲô˵ʲôҲ㣬Ϊר㰲űá׿ӦеϾѾֵˡ
ѿڶ˵žƺЩס
ദʱ䲻գ׿Ӧеӣƺô죬⻰˵ԼеΪ顣
תһ룬Ϊ׷ƺʮռǹң˲裬ƺǸ죬һֵ̹ܣҪʦôˣȻҲþǧ֮⡣
ƺԭġ
ƽ򽻵ĶǱҶֱֱʲô˵ʲô˾͹һȾƳ⣬þʹһܳ׿ӦѰգеסִ硣
ܿ׿ӦУЩǧ֮ı䣬ҪһҪ໥βУǵóѰҵһ˫ദʽ
˶ԷĻƺģЦǺǵļһģֵܣ
ǰЩȲͷ磬иֹʲôϰǰ滹кܶģ
ƺ׿Ӧ׷ȥﲢ磬Сǰ߱ıʱʱתͷ˵
磬ôƺļ۾Ĵʡ
תת̴һ̣˸ǣǰһ
Ա׿ӦҲŶɹ˿
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ſ͵ѾͷǿһˣΧסĸ첲С۹⣬ĹƯҲãᳪ֤źüλ
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֪׿Ӧп϶ΪҪ̽Ӽ¶ŤǾͱȻΪ̫ϰֵطֻҪɲû˵ʲô
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ҩصСԺ㿴յֱðأŵҩ㣬ɢѬ۵֬ζ
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Žϴõۣƺ½һţɢɾ
Уǰûݹ裿׿ӦеĶˣɵطʡ
׿ӦЩһ±ͷ
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׿ӦԭΪǣֻҪ̽ӹ͵̽˰סϸʣû뵽ƺȴòһ
׿ӦۣƺЦЦۻͱˣñ͵˶ر۶á
š׿ӦӦ
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СԺſڱȽԶֻԼԼһЩ˿֮ʮƧ
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ƺ˱üôôݣζࡣ
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ƺЦЦŵ˻¼䣬һҲӱ·׿ӦѾأڳرϣҨҨˮ档
ˮԱȸղŸһЩƣ׿ӦаӰӰ´£ֻκƳúƬǶ˵ÿ
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񣬽Լ·׿ӦеĲŷڳرߣ۹һߣ͵ȥˮ׿Ӧһб㿴һ˫Բİۡ
ɣ׿Ӧвϵˮ
ƺԶҲҿ̫Ͼ˴ųಲ׿Ӧɵ
ˮΣ𣿡ʡ
̵á
ƺԽжг񣬱㿿ڳر߷ܣ׿ӦԶЩһرϱĿ
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ͬ齶һ£һ軹Ҫôⲻ໥һˡ
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˿ݴ˿̶ƺۣ𣿡
лҪ˵
磺ϱ׵ġ
˶ֻǳಲѡ


16 Ϲ
׿Ӧеʣƺ̿ˮǡǡ
ⲻͽˡԶ˵ֲŮӣЩ׿Ӧ΢΢üС죬˭ûأǰöˡ
ҲöԷжϲԼҲкøУϰܲˣҪƺӦҲˡ
ƺ飬˵ö࣬׷ʣ˵ʲô
ûʲôͷɣʲôҲôùҲС׿Ӧ
ƺݸ㵹ǶĹš
ǵȻ
Է⣬ƺҲЩĿһʱ޷ֱ׿ӦƯ۾ŰһײľЩ٣Ҳ֪ǲҩԡá
˭֪һƺĿ㲻Ծ˳ŶԷ˳Ĳ¿ǾµϣŸͷæŲϡ
ֱƤ΢΢ഥƺ׿Ӧݹݣ⵹Լᷢļⲻͬϸ͵ģҲʧС
׿Ӧоò˵Ť˵±͵£Ϸȫףرߵ˿磺걳ɡ
ƺ侲⻰˲ƹ˵ǲҪ˰ɡ
ΪΣ
׿Ӧв⣬ĵ˾ôţʵ̫ˡ
˰δ
׿ӦǵѪܵ˿ڣļһҿ
ƺԥһ£ҲŤ󣬱תȥ
Ҳ˿˰̵Ŀɲıһ裬ԱƤ͹һ飬һªĴ򼣬бſƺĺϡ
׿Ӧеһ˱ֱۣ֪˵ʲôá
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𣿡׿Ӧʡ
ŰӴ
׿ӦƸڰ̺ϣȻһ۵ƺһ
˵һоû𣿡
ƺڨڨаˣ籣֤ԺԲڲ㡣
ڲڲҲҪˮȵģ׿Ӧеȴܱż˵úûűԼ˵ܳ꣬˳ˣ
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˲ƣǱ˵ˡ
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˺ˣ˲ҪôסƺˮСһתס׿Ӧеļ򣬺ٺЦţҳѵˣԺһע⡣
׿ӦкȻԼе飬һӣȥҲòҵģԼԼ𡣡
˵ְ˿ӸĴ겻ˣǾͰҴɡ
ո˫ִ׿Ӧеļ򣬱ǼʮỬۣƺе㱣ڶзŷɫĵ󱳣ٿֲڵ˿磬ʱòֻ֣һһš
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׿Ӧк鲻ã֮һֱû˵ƺĪԼ˴Ҳҿڣϸһ־ùԩʮ
УΪ㵲¶治÷ϡ˼Ƭ̻ǿ˿ڣǳŶʹܶƽͬûǰء
׿ӦЦһ۶ûѲϳĲǹ⣬
ճѵʮּ࣬һѵСѵĿľѧôס̿򣬾ǰƤָףһֻ֡ʲô̷ܳס
⻰׿Ӧۣŵؿƽʱñˣǻôѵ
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ʱԼѾƤӶһأʵ𣬿ʹʵģڽǿӣ˵Ҳߡ
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׿ӦͻȻϵ¡
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ѵΪʹͻ˵ǹ𣿵ôġ׿Ӧֶ˶٣±ҲĴ֮ǰ̬ȲãԲסˡ¾ʹ˽ҹԺҲˡ
׿Ӧнı飬ƺĪůڵġ
ǲģǶԷԼһֺ
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ʱһµ˴Ժǽ£һƬҶδʶΧߵ¼⣬һŷ죬㿴׿Ӧڵ²ʡϢӦˡ
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ȻӻͳһһģһĲӣƺ·УŰΪĵãʩչṦϢǽͷˣһĨɫҹʱʧΡ
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ƺӻüԶȥѭŷȥζƺָ뿪ķȻ
ɫ򶨣ȵر߼·вصĲӣԼǱȻ˰ǹ𵭵΢Ц
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׿Ӧдչȥһ̵миָתƺͷרעضָ룬ԣƺָȶ
ʲô׿ӦĿ࣬ѲҪ߲ⷽλ
ƺЦǸӣ
׿Ӧвʧ䣺ģ⡢δҲ̫
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ҪȻ͢齨أб޷󼰵ԭ򡣡
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ϡѰӰָڶסָһ򣬸˵˵ˣߣ
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ϣ189ң183ңȺ簫Լ硣


17 ҹ
һ·ߣһ·áѰӰλܿ㵽˳ɽԶһСɽ¡
׿Ӧ̧ͷСɽͷȻ̽Ӿ
ҪԭĹۣɽľϡ費Σ㳤Ǳѡ˽ԵĵطҲ֮Сƺ̧ͷ˿Ϥ𣿡
׿Ӧеͷми
ϺУƺЦڸҽͯҥ
׿Ӧҧҧ
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С𡱵ҲʣɽֵɽǱ߹ͺͺģľһƬʢ֮
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׿Ӧ˵ϵСׯ£а֮áݳʢĴ£ȻС㣬ׯӣҷ׷ɽԵͶ𴦣ֻһϺоţںɽֲ˶ա
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׿ӦҡҡͷɽҰ룬֮ˣûܴס
˵⣬һݣƺʦᡭ
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׿ӦŷӦˮǼӦþźţԭǡšͨϵġ
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رɾҲû˹˼ɣŲҴҼɽܿ;ϣ֪⸽Ҳɽׯ¸ȥýǰʮɲͣ½Ų
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˭֪Ψĵˣһ䲻δһѾʣ˲档
ȳȥɣôүһʦҸƧطᡣƺò֪ܣ뿪
׿Ӧҡҡͷɡ
ƺҴЩҩھʬϣʱȥʬʬֽһںɽ徻طڿӿ̱ϺΪ
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ȻŲŷҲԸڷǰɱ˼ҩ
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˵ͷˣӿǹеġ
ʳ𣿡׿Ӧ۾ģƺǰʦȥĶˣǵǲǶˣ
ò̫ͬƽֻܴԡװϱϣЩ̽ӾѵԼαװɴˣͨǿġ
ƺԶһЩƺ̫Щĳ棺ȷǶϸǲ˵ʦ䡣
ȥʣ
׿ӦаҪߣֱƺץסݺ˼£ȴûѣſȥʣ
ƺ֣ǿϿңǲ˵֮еġκһ˱зܻ¿ڡʣǸǻʣⳡҲ㿴ȥһȥΪʦȡ
⻰ǹ׿Ӧûɵطܾ꣬ƺԼ·һֻܲ˾šʱιȥĸ򣬶ԷչԽԽǶӡ
ãܵס׿Ӧ˵ȴᶨ
ƺִܲסⳡ治ÿûҪ㿴Ȼ۹⣬ĺһ档Ϊҵ棬رһ£𣿡
׿Ӧ̧ͷһۣƺף֪£ͬһͬǱһˡ
á׿Ӧдصͷתȥ
ıӰƺԴʹ˸񣬴⣬׿Ӧȥ
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׿ӦüƺԼεĶ¸˵˰ɣ
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ޱ飺Ը⣬Ȼǿ˵ˣȷʵ⣬㲻·Ի̽Ѱӵ䡣
׿ӦͣŴô˵
ԣûѵпܸǵĲһǵжԭǣԸ׸·


18 ƹ
⻰׿ӦȷʵҪϣԼϳţȷʵЩѡ
Ϊ˲ƺҽڣֻ֣ݸɣԼõúܣ
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ô˵ϲûκθмı飬ָס׿Ӧе󣬴ȴһȦǿ򶨵ıв׽һ˿š
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׿Ӧаɿ岻ֶˡ
һҲٰ㶣ʲôҪһܣҶϰˡ΢΢һǣʦ㣬ȳȥˡ
үߡ
ڶΨһŵ̽ʩѹҲ֪ʲôֶΣ̽ӽңŵϵڷɵԶԶġ
ƺվһԣûпǣĿĴ̲סǰӭ˼ʵΣ
΢΢üʱûд󰭣󡪡ܾǰй
ƺɫһʲô
ƾ޷ȷֻӰ죬
ⲻϻ
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¶ɲҹܡָָת߿ȥʷɣ
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һһβݣƺԱ񣬹Ц߶ַˣиɲඣ
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顰ߡһѹβͲݵȥѾ̽ϵ𴦣Ͱʬ˸ɸɾ
ƺϸϸؽϵ·һ飬ûʲô̧ͷ
ϸһʬ֫ϸϸ̽ڴ˴෢˷Ϲĺۼ˼Ҫϣǰ֮ǰ˵ġ
һʬĴȣҲУ
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ԣӻͳһһƤӣչܿƤϱ˴ӴСһС
һϸؽʬϵ˿»Ƭȥһһ£ƺҡҡͷ
ϸϸֱʬ˰̣磬ҾӦҲû
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ϵúܣ˵ҩҲ¹ˣܹѵáС̵ͦġ緳˷ʱ䣡
˿Ѿ͵ůչ֦϶䣬ԶһƬͣ˭Ҳ֪һ˳
̽ƺۣվڸǰ˻Ƶصͺ𣺡ҪɱҪϤ㣬Ǵ˾֪öҩƵģб浶ǹظɣ
浶ǹҲɲǣø㶯֡ƺ°ͣض˫Ŀ⣬ٸһλᣬǰŪȥˣ߹Ķǵʲôı
̽ҲʾѪ˫ͫƺ漴¶һаЦϵ鷳ߣҪǶüһкðǵùԹԸ·ˡⱲ㶼ټҲԡ˵Ȫ·ǻܾһۣ
ˣ
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ৡһ׿Ӧгеĵе̽ӲŭĿԲǵװʦôˣ˵
̽ӿ׿Ӧ⽹ֵģһ㡭ȻʲôʺǡͦϷӶǵĵ
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̽Ƥƺֿ׿ӦУǡûôҿɲұ֤ҡӶʲôˣԵֵĻ±ʦͽɣ
㣡׿ӦֻѪӿͷ֪ôźãһ˽ˣɱͳʧȥʦϢ
ѵۡһӣ˫־ס̽ӵ죬ҧгݵʣģ˵
˫ֱͷ׿Ӧһ̽˫ؽڷ죬ƺоʹƵģЦ۾гһߣҵӰϾҪǵĹȡǻʵ۵Ĺͷ
ƺ粽ǰ׿Ӧƿŵʶ̽Ӻݺݵһƣ̽һƺߣ³һѪ屻ذڵǷеĲҶ
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תȥ
ƺγһԷնϣõŰ½ɢ㶼飬ܵû뵽㻹ǲʶôǱҶ㲻
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ƺõƬ̽Ӵ˿ڣүп
Ӧƺס̽ӵȣɴظǵ˰ٰ̣СȥҵѪֱεڲݵϣ̽Ӿҧžʹһԡ
׿Ӧдδֳ棬ʮ𾪣ʶؿ˿飬Ͼޱ飬ϰˡ
ƺüŴСƤȥһ٣ж
ˡ磬˹ֻ˿ٳһССľƬ̵ĻƣѾѪ޷ϡ
ƺľƬٵ̽ǰ°ʣʲô
̽ҧгݣǹʵ۵λƣ
⸱̬ȣƺҲ֪Ҳʲʲôٷѹ·
̴УҵĵûѪأ
ûƺ׿ӦͻȻﾲʦˡ
ƺؿһۣ׿Ӧбᶨԥһ˲˵ͷ
죬ʮֲģԼĵݸ׿ӦУи磬ҵİɡ
׿Ӧнӹߵǰ̽ӸǰѪ˿۾ŶԷе
ƺ΢΢֣һ˿ǡ
̽ﶼѪ׿ӦһЦЦɭֲСеӿ𣿡
׿ӦĬӵ̽˫۵նϣˡͨһڵϣŴ۾űϴ죬Ǿǹɵ΢ЦϧˣϺʱ򣬿
ಡһһ̽ӵȻֹѪ׿ӦһȾ°ɫӡ
ƺ߹׿ӦĵοһѰ̼㣬롣
׿Ӧж̽Ծɴŵ˫ۣľȻصͷ
ƺӻͳѪ׿Ӧֵסҡҡͷ
ｫʬ˲ŷһ𣬰õ·Ǹϡ
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ʲôȥһ£ذ޳ָỮͷƤϵĴ·
ƺͷƵǶ˵ͼڣڡ
׿ӦпͺưΪʲôûУ
ֻжսϸʸڵĴֻ࣬Ǹ࣬ʸЩϸɰĵָֹӡ
׿ӦеͷĬؿǸ࣬Ƭ̺ŵҹȻû´
ƺְУܴʵ²òࡣðôǶԵģʵ۲ںһϵʿ£ҲֻǳлҵߵĲ֮ء
⼸̽ʲôУ𣿡׿ӦƺС
Ȼ֪ǹ߸ɵģѰټã¶˵ᳵ·ܻ鷳ҵ
ƺɫЩԥ֪ò˵
׿Ӧлδ£ɻʲô
ƺҧҧУߴ˾ǿɣûϵǡšᵽŻֻôˣ£²ôף㡭
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ƺؿ׿Ӧж۾ûһ˿һ

һ˵Ķţת߹ϴɾľƬô
ƺӹľƬҲ˹ͷһ𿴡
ֻľƬָһָôͼ·ˣֻɷֱ治Ǹʲô
ⶫ쵽ϣһҪ
һǣⲻϻ𣿡
ᴥǻƣͷһŵģǶ仨𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵
׿ӦҲüľƬһʱҲá
ͻȥ˵ƺľƬʬڿˣȻؿջ
һУ˱׼ɽǰ׿ӦׯµĴţؾһ
ƺοļ򣬲δԡ
æһҹҶЩ룬ɽ·˭û˵һ·ͷɽš
ǰ߼֣߳ͻȻǰվסţֵסˣȵȣ
飺硭
ϸʲô
׿ӦҲϸԼ˵ĺʮְֻͷ紵ɳɳֻЩ
˿ͷƺɽŴʮˣϴǼУһǱ
׷ƺɫһݣô죿


19 㶻
֪ôζ˽׷׿Ӧмٰ±¶ͷֱƺĥţƳ׿Ӧһۡ
׿ӦжĿ⣬ҲЩţ಻ܿƵؿ
Ժҳȥ
ƺͷһתŲӯش˳ȥ֮ӰʧǵĿ֮С
ĬûгƬ̵İϢ
ܿصȴǸõϢ۸ıɽǳġ
ƺüͨ
㾫񡣡
ΪʲôԶɽ
׿ӦУ°еݱʶˡ
׿ӦеͷȻ벻йϣҲûʲô˵ġ
Ҳԣָʹ֪и粻ô֪ǣȥĹۣѲ˰иݺͼתò
ƺ˵òʶưеαװ۸ϢҲôݲ۸ϽҪţҲ塣ǻʵҪ飬Ҳ۸϶ǱߵʲôϢһ·׷ġ
ô죿
ƺƬ̣֪ʵĿΪΣΪһǵ͵Ϊáս̫ҡһҹȻׯ£Ϣҹǰװߡ
Ҳûʲô飬ǴֽŲҴһׯ¡
ﻹЩ棬һͬ˷źձο˼
Ա㣬ּ˲޾ŷ֮ɫ׿ӦеҲ԰
ȻЩǷɽҲȷ᲻ѵ⼫ƺȥϢԼվڡ
׿ӦǿҪһ𣬱ʾԼ粹ߺܳ㣬ʱҪ˯
ƺΪ׷ЩԸ
չ⽥ůׯǰ̨ϣ׿Ӧﾾһݣ˺ΪΣڵϣپһݣ˺š
ƺƫͷ£СýģΪɰ٩Щˣ
׿Ӧ񣬱ͻȻھһ£ǿ򶨣Ĳмӵơ
ֹƬ̵̣˵֣Ǹ
ʵƺ밲ο־Լ̫˼һԵñģ̲ƿԷӲѻ˶ڵȵöЩļ
Ǹʲôô»ûŪǸ⣿ƺ˵Ҫû͵ĻʵͣǼҲһӳ׷ҲлȥĿܡ
׿ӦҲܾﻹǱŤ˵Ϊʲô
ǲ֪ΪûͻȻһţҲΪӷǹҡ׿Ӧеͷ
ǼȿϸһȥΪ常𣬾֪мأҪܻ³Ϊʲôӷ޹ءƺ˫ۣɫУΪʦҵңΪ˸常뿪۸û뵽Ǿ;ͬ飬ҲǸԵ֡
֪ƺⰲοԼϯ׿Ӧ
ûĻʵʲô𣿡ؿƺôǽģ
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׿ӦеͷҲ
УðԭǸˣôģƺǰû⣬ܷӦÿ϶ɱˡǿ׿Ӧɱϸʱı֣ͷɸһǡ
Ȼ׿ӦһʱڷɳصĿջǸκŵһҵĵؽǼֻʣһֺеұǮҿˣһȥܰ˷ų
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ҿңҪȻǲ룬ǧҪĵ
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ƺһܿ۾ҧҧδش
׿Ӧƺʲô㻹ǲҸǣôɱˣ㲻ҲôҾԲǺȣ
ɱ˻ɱˣɱ˾ɱˣжǷѪծһҪƺؿһۣҲϣҲ
׿ӦеֱؾʦҪΪʦʲôѪծҲĸԸ׿Ӧֱƺ˫ۣܶɲϣϣΪβԼ
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ƺǵԼһսĸоһɱ֮ѪͬӵĶȹʵǶʱ⣬ԾþʲôһִƵġ
Ŷ׿ӦУݿţ峺һƯӣȾ;ӦԶǸõҪ̤ڰ
ƺšţͻȻ䣬ֻ͵һļǰȥס˶ԷûӦһ˫ĴǴһݣͣһɲ˱һڣ
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ȻԱߴһ磡иˣ
ƺĿ͵תͷһŴСֵŵ°ѾʣٿԼ§׿ӦСո˵ƣǰٿĪ硣
Ͻֱ֣ӣص۾飬ͣȴ֪ôڡ
˼һͣ˽ţ뿴Ϸֲҿ˼˼ߡ
ʱƺ׿Ӧи˳ƺ磬鶼ˣ㲻˰ɣԺҾˣȥҾ͸ȥġ
ƺӽӲŤͷ׿ӦС
ǸߵıӦǼװģΪ͸һɽնˣΪԼҲݡ
Ȼ⻹û׿ӦҧǺ´˼ƳԱһۣ΢΢۵ͷ·һ˳Сϱ
ͨһСŮ̬ضԵýƫƫôΥͣеҼ·ձƺһƵġ
ⳡҪǱײԻˣڿģƫƫǶŮ֮һϲͨȱ飬ƺԼƺҲϴˡ
ᣬĵһ¾ҵҿ׿ӦУʲôԴһֻС꣡
鿴ֲ´󣺡и磬Ұ֤ˣ磬˵
ƺⱲӻû˱ȵϣݺݵһۣＷһ֣
鱻׺ݵĿһɫһ䣬ಡˡ
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ǰɣƺʣƽװô壬ǧ֮⣬һСˡ
׿Ӧüÿɷ
ոһСģٴαƺ˦£ֿһֱ̬֪ĥʲôȷʵһʱЩż
ǡÿԺתתȥ֪ʲôéޡ׿Ӧб㼱ǣ͵ذƺһڣײڶԷƺ޷ˡ
ƺ׿Ӧе°ͣսҿǼˡֲŮӣһҲڣ治ߣҲû˵ʲô
ӦкôҲ˼ңôƲôڿ˵ϲңҲסҪҵĸ׿Ӧ˿è۶ƺĿƣѲɶǺҵģ
׿ӦҲ֪ƺѾԼôˣҲûãôҲǲͶҽˡһвһУֻҪܴĿģС
ֲз磬αΪԼƺü
ûʲôоΪѡ
𣿡ƺɿ°ָָͣԼ촽ЦȻһΣҾʹһߣڡ
׿ӦԲ۾ϸϸƬ̺Цð
˵˹ȥƺƯ𽥿ǶᵽǹеµϢļⲻɵزһѪҺͻȻӿһ¸Ƿ
ˡƺס׿ӦϾҪķҵ㶻ʲôҸɣˡȥţŰɡ
Ȳ׿Ӧ˵ת뿪еֻʶӵ˼
׿ӦıӰϹŵЦݣʶԼ촽ոյǣȷʵǲġ
ѵԼҲ
뵽ĿȾ֣ɫͻȻ̾˿
Ҳ
ƺںŴ˰磬žԼ侲ϸϸ˼׸ô졣
׾ˣҲûʲô¶вòؿǵģ׿ӦҪһ·̬ȡ
Լһƽ׿Ӧ˦˿϶ưոݣûͷӬƵصǣ㲻ᶪ
ҪĻߣٻܻȫ
лҪ˵
и磬㶻~


20 Ľ
һ簲ȥûʲô׷ɽƺ԰ġ
½˹ʹֱȥ滻ƺ׿ӦУǵĿôһζ
׿Ӧ߻ãǹײģĿͻȻ촽ͣһ֮⣬ûرԵķӦ
ƺ߾Ͳˣ´еԱûס˰
ҲǣûУȶ죡ƺί޲쳤Хò֤жס
ƲƲ죬һ㿴ôı顣
ƺˣ˺Ժ飬ץĳСһ٣Ҳϳȥڡ
նıӰһţתͷײ׿ӦнԺӣĿԣƺһ죬ģʽһͷ
׿ӦмЦ룬ΪǸҪåû뵽
ҲᵽΪε۸һƺƫ٩׻һ£˷ȷʵҲȤý
Ҳֶ֪ȤζǲǻᴫȾ֪åȻĺܴ飬׿ӦжҲ˼ִȤ˼߽ߣẰ硣
ƺӵļ⣬͵һ飬űΰɤӣţȥϢɡ
˯ļ䣿׿ӦʵҺһ𡣡
˻ƺһûǰɣ
üװһࣺ֡
û֣ԺҶһ˯˲Ӱ׿ӦȷʵûЦһǱ£ڶǱƺ£յĸоҲ뾭Ρ
ƺ̾˿ԳУ㣬ҡ
׿Ӧҡҡͷһҧʮ¾ҶĲ˵Ȼôһ˯кβɣѾǡ
˵ҵˣ㣬ңڰ⻰˵οԼЦƺɸ֡
׿ӦпЦЦ˴һģ磬ƺûʸ˵˰ɣ
ƺ
УӮˡ
׿Ӧҭſڽ֮ʱһĿİ˴Ա˿ɫһݡ
ƺ֮ƺ˶ߣ׿ӦѾŵðѵ˰ء
ٺ٣ϵˣ˳
׿Ӧв磿
ͷҡ
֪ķ׻ɫɮۣ˸Ļϣ϶ֽţһƽƽ桢˿۶ǲסˡ
ƺҪȥ̽
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˯ɣˣ٩ϱ˻ô¡
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һߣԺԵøӾף˼üԶܺš
׿Ӧƿһţ磬ɣҲ˯˼ʱˡ
ƺ˿ʲô뵽ԵĵطȥֱϣԼɸӡ
һɣλƵ泯ǽš׿ӦҲ˴Ȼһֻֻ
ƺǧأƺһ£аұ֤ߡ
ϴ׿Ӧе͵͵ɤǸ磬̰ɡ
徻Ժ磬ǧǳȡ
Ƭ̺׿Ӧо೤ĺһ궯һȷʵˣƺܿҲ˯˹ȥ
ʱ۱㿴ݶʱתѲڡƺԼӲɱΪƽɣֻ׿Ӧеֱۻϡ
һƫͷ㿴Էߵ
İĹ£׿ӦеӺÿ
ͥͦëֳܣ߷ڴƺĽǶȿƺЩ΢̣󡪡ʱһǵĴУеԣ˿ٿЩԳȥȴ֪ôһΣܾ޷Լ
ϲ׿Ӧеģ˽ǳҲкøУ뻤Էȫ
ƺ׿ӦвзǷ֮ģҵҲʲô
׿Ӧƺ׼ߣƣƺͣûԹ񲻶
ͺñһֻèܲһۿɿڵСԼǰȥèҧرԼĻĵ׺ϵļ尾ȴƭԼ
ȻҪԶһá
ƺ֪ġ㡱ϵ󣬴ȥ
˭֪һ׿Ӧоˣ͵طϣϥѹ֣˫ְסؿڣͷߣ
ƺȻʧЦǰû˯ѣ񶼻ɢţ⶯ʶķӦ
ڽųѵҾôֵô
У㵽ôˣƺ𽥻۾ʵʵʵ
ɵػɣ׿Ӧдǰйʲôⷽ˲űˡ
׿Ӧлգգۣһԡ
ƺҲϽղʵѰ
˳Ĭضһ߸Ҳõˣû˵ĪЩѹ֡
ƺ֪׿ӦбǲԸԼ£ȻҲñȣô绹ûôҲûǣҳȥ
һ˵ţһŲҪ´ʱ׿ӦͻȻ˵ʮ꣬ҵˡ
ƺһͣڴߣȥ׿Ӧдͷˣ·¼ѿƵġ
ѣŮ֮³УҲѹƺһʱ֪Ӧԣ˴Ա˻ʯ
ҡҷƺؿ׿ӦУű𴦣۾ˮˮģв
ҵѹ׿ӦйǣԳЦЦԭǸ٣μҵ䣬ɢõҲûˣȢƶҡҵûаָ飬ҲδԼľǸүˣȴıݲ£ҺڣеǮȥģ·ֻϣһԼϡ
Ϊ֪Ǹ˵ģƽѣҲۣû뵽޹ȥ֮ȫΪǮңȥϴ¸ź˫ˮϴ·긴һꡪǱģ
һҵ׸ԼôһǮĺӡЩ˼鵭ĮΪӡֵܷĿɳȱȽǣҵҲһΨһĶӣҲûʲôԥ죬Ͱˣʮӡ
ƺɫһ׿ӦŤͷǲǾû֪ͦࣿȥô
վɵĲߵƺǰŤŤϸһֵ̬΢΢ͷһıͻȻұȻȴ޾ľҵϷݣΪҳúÿ𱻹˼ۡ
У㡭ƺ⸱ݣֻСڴ̣۵ܡ
׿ӦվֱӣָƽﵭĮģ˶Ǻ˵ģҺ֪顣ֻǵ˵ҪϽ֣ĵҳ˺ܶСԣˣ԰ӣͤ۵˯ˡҵһο˯šһۣҾϷǰֻƤЦⲻЦ𱣬вʹҵĻԺ
ûټ˵ֻǴ۾·˼ƺóڷ
׿Ӧԭ˵ô࣬ڣҲ˳ңˣ޳ܾ¶Ѿˣ޷ǾƺԼ˳¸·
û뵽Ի٣Źעһһ˵ûɲס
˿ǻӿȣȻԼ·Ͷ࣬Ǹ׸ҪµģԾʦûУֶα˼Ҵ
˵ȥⲻԹ԰αءûͷ
׿ӦҧҧǿѹĽ˼ȻһůĻסֻƺߵУֻҪһܴ;ᶪ㡣ҡ
ͻɬϯ׿Ӧеۿסòײû
ѾˣٿޱǸӡ
ûв㣬ԼĽᣬ¡׿Ӧвϰ߸§§ȴûƿ䵭֪ôүʲô˼ϷǸҳԹһЩҩҲ֪ʲôȷʵǼܱϸֻͱʦȳˣһֱҲû¡ұ֤ȡ
ƺ֣о岻ٲƽŷģˣұⲻˣ˵ƾһ֤ġ
ݲñŽһĻǼ
˵ۡعţͷܡ
ƺ
׿Ӧһƿۣȥˣǳȥɡ
Ȼˣڴгˮ̡һȦ˿ջһЩϸϣû׿Ӧڷеǰѽ
׿Ӧû뵽ϸˣӹл
˵ýһҪ˶֣ûгֵıпɲСڣƺֻܴô࣬⵽ڲŷǽЩװòߣ»ûȥȡһˡ
ƺͷʲô
ԴӵݣҪ׽ǼˣԭҲܲ³ǰݰ¶ֻ֪٣ô֪ģͲö֪ˡ ſڲʱϣ۷ȥһãӰ֪ɽûѵˣΪǻڳУѳǡ
һС䣬֪ҵ˭һ۾ʶҲٳٶۣЩҲĥˡֻʵͱ޸Ĺһ·׷׿Ӧг
ƺšһжƱһǸĸ٣ǼͲѵ֪ǲĹۣɽҲ
ΰţʵҽͷж
ƺͷ磬Һʹү˳ȡװУͷ취Ūƥڳǡ
׿Ӧвɵģȥ
ֶ˷ױ¶˶ߡƺļ򣬡̽ȡ˵ѡ
ﶼأ׿ӦҲûжԣ˳Ž硢飬ͷ¡
ƺɿԽǽ˳ǣ߱ջȥ
ǼƽĽֵһƬྲֻмʿڰҰѲ飬ӿ˽Ų̲鵽ջ֮ǰȡ˶ˡ
ǰΪ˸ϸ¶ڿͷзֶߣƺѾ˰ҪװػвУڼֻҪ͵͵ԺϢȡɡ
һ·ʮ˳Ǻܿ쵽˿ջʱջҲƽôÿտҲֻƹſڹ̨ߴ˯شһԼ䡣
˺ĺԺڷ磬ƺʹҵǵ׾ٰѸ˿ȡϣתҪߣͻȻͺ𣺡
ûƺӦһŴʹͷ˽ȥ


21 
׿ӦҲ˳
Ƚ˽⣬ݱǸأطΧûĵطҲڳڣ˿Ȼȥ
֮˾·߶أܲס̻߹ͣ
ɫҹ·˱Ͳ࣬ǵ˺ð죬ûӰʮɥ
УŽӦȥ·Ͽù˷ʱ䡣һҪֻ˳ãһ滹׷ûֻԴС
׿Ӧû飬ֲ֪·ȥҪ뿪֮ʱͻȻѻϳİš
û뵽ƺô͸˹к˳׿ӦСӶܵȴֻӰ
磿ʹүأ
߽¹ɫѿ׿ӦеĲɵءֱ
ܵÿ죬ʹүסˡǵӰǾȳ
׿ӦǰһҺȥ죡
ǵʲãҲȥ
簲𼱣ҶȥȻֲ
ͷܹѺ˵ĵطôҺͰнȥˣСӦϵжҲð
Ƭǰôá
ΧƻͨվȫıΧ˸ˮйͨ
ƺ˫ֱ󣬹ڴ֮Уת´
̾ԼȻˣոմţ˵̽ȡھͱסҰһϵǶ˶Ѽˡ
⴫ŲŤͷȥֻǺ޲ϹЬ׵ģ֮ǰ׿Ӧе̬Ҳضá
ƺ٩̫үôԺɾֱඣ
ӵۣ󵨿ͽ㾹ð䳯͢٣ƭ٣ʴʣл𣿣
ɤʮ㣬廹ɡƺٺһЦҾͲ㵣ˡ
᣺㡭
ƺԵϣ˻˻֣˱㹧£Ŵˡ
ƺָ֣ʹּˣǼҴүأȥˣ
Ҳ𻰣ϣŶȣתϵİָۿζ
Գ¸鷳ˣȸǡƺƤݹˣ̧ͷɸС׷Ҳͳˣộˡ
塰ߡһٷϻ׿Ӧв¶֪˰ɣ
ƺһ㶣ôܣ֪һãҪϲʱϲ
סһƺϣߵ۵һڵأô£˵
ƺǱҲأ˵ҪȥȻƣ֮ûٻˡ
Ļôû
ǲǻɲ˵˭û¶Ըһ飿һ˼ңǲóԲ˶ߣ
˼ؿһ춼ȥˣ
㣬ⲻǺܳŷ𣬵ȻĴתתˡ黹˵ҪˣСӢЩ˵ɱˣþһڹϵӣ롭
ǡۡһţƺֱ˵ϣߵؿڣʮ㣬Щû
˵Щϻ֪ʵʲô
ƺش˼ڴŻˣزڵϣݶһ治֪ʲôò״Ӵû徻ӣ׿֧ʹŲǸڿɵãԭǸٵģʲôӴ
֪Ǹ߻ôģȫ磬ԼʱҲԣúܣɴݣݹ˵
԰Ҫ׿Ǽٵģʥأƺڵ˻ᣬ뵽£һµϥеǰָʹˣʥǼ٣˼ҵûзҵ˼ô֪׿ݵģ
Цһһ
ҲҡϵȻҪŪƺ۾޹ؿΪС
ֻҪ׿Ӧеݿɣʥ;Ͳţǽõȳ͢Ŷתϵİָ˹˵
ƺһӾͼˣҪҺúô۸׿ӦǼ٣һϵûСڿɺãһ춼˵壡ָʹˣȰҸģøΣ
Це˵û⣬ȸ׿Ӧе䣬ٰĺֵǶлҹԹԻ۸ʥô׷£ҿ϶ԡ
˭֪ƺۣƲƲ죬ͷԸƨȻԼԴɣҪ˵û׿ӦǼٵģǹ˰ɣ
˵⻰ΪҪƤСؿ˶Էһۣ˭֪岢ûŭһ˼
ﵹûˡ忴յһš
ƺʮ⣬գգۡ
׵ƺǰң㵽ʲô
˵أƺ˿
һĻڴţ߶µȥǽǲ
ʦүʵļ٣ο˱𼱣ǻʵ˭ûϴʵпԭ˵ӵİҲôҪʱúøָʹ飬ʹӣӦòд󰭡
һָʹܵСطˣ¶󣿱ôɣ˿̽ȣԱСಽظӸ
ʦүҲΣָʹʲôû˵Ҳû취δѡҪɸ˸
һɣ⣡Ϲôģܴģе֪粻֪
䣬õšһߴ򿪣ϵ߳һ˵ȸæ
ѷȥ̫ܲϡǼͬһʱؽһ򾡣
ƺһͷɥģһ·ߣ߹հƣ̹㵽ηڡ
һ·ȻԴĴתõ˸šýṹ
ۡһؽڣƺԱţĵ˴󺰣λүڳԵ£СһûԹˣ
ǼĿûۺúŪҲ嶣ǣһ仰Ҳƺ˵ֻ佻˼䣬Ҵȥ
ҲƺɤӺðҲϹֻԶԶ
ƺҲùһƬҲûʲôֻðԴ˷϶УүүҲ𣿡
˼أûӦ䣬ߵǰ𣺡ʲôУͬûͣ
ǰĶˣǸǶϵãһ죬ⲻҲʡķǣƺûƤû٩ܰʡֶ֣Ϊ
Ҫ죬ոձүĽǧ˴ֻǺݺݵƺۣתͷߡ
ƺڽǽϷ϶ս¹⣬ε̾˿
ճŰ£ĽˣҸδԵƺĵҲ֪ôˡ
ƺ߶ʱ׿ӦС缰ķԽǽݳڣṦ˵ãݶշתŲЩѲܷ߱ǵټ
СмӱѲߣֻץƺʹܿЩЩие߱죬ţƨ۾һ£⵽ԼѾ˶ϡ
׿Ӧеһʹɫ֧СߵƫƧİУͬʱ֣Щĺϸһƣ˸ͷص˵ϡ
׿ӦϳǳȽϻߵһƬӣܶԺӶǿŵģﵽԱһ̽ȻլԺûס
ǴҰ⼸ϽԺ׿Ӧкǵļлϣҹ¡
ͳһСƿӣЩıǰһţ̧ͷʱ׿ӦĿ棬͵үģ׼ʱѲˡ
̽ѾǸĵ˽˸ţ֪ηϽǣֻһǽ֮
ǱǻֱӷǽȥҩҲãǿͻҲãܰƺʹߡ
й֮ǰﵣƺ㣬ǲŴٰʿǱã֮¡
ﻻ·˿ǼģȻӻͳһСޣٳһĨǳɫһĶԼ׿ӦĨ˼¡
Ա鿴ֿεٺЦе񣬵ֲ̫񡣡
͹ˡЩҲδ໥Ϥ
ʰͣ׿Ӧ뿪Ȼ˱ļУڰߣøͣЪ
Զصܲ͸ôţŵһ죬չˣ˳ƹϴʶһȥʱһʻҿڣȱ
׿Ӧеͷͷ
˿һСʿأ˱һξװԼѲ߹һӡ
ſڣȻ£ǹüôֻأ
׿Ӧи΢΢ͷսе
ֻﻻƽղͬЦˣеˮǼһϡȥˡѲһȦ˺üˡ
㣬һˣֶӵĿ治٣Ҿˣһôôڡ
ĵȱϴģƽ϶û¹򡣡
ϴһ˵Ļŭţ⵱ǲиȻ۸ƽѵü롣ˣǿȥɡ
ϣࡣһ֣׿Ӧоߡ
׿Ӧмƽ˸ڣһɣŲӿ˼֡
˭֪˽˴û߼ǺȻǸһ


22 Ӫ
һ, ׿Ӧһ£Լոո˵̫硣һ̧ͷ˫ۣԷʹ˸ɫ, Īš
׿Ӧ԰, ת, ֻصſڡ
ſʿޱؿǣйɫζ
ֺõسЦϴʲôԸ
ְһ, ´׿ӦУĿת˼Ȧλֵܿеʲô֣
׿Ӧڵϵֳ˺, ΢΢ͷ̧
ǸСֵܣ˹ϴе׿Ӧеĸ첲㻰, Լֶ֪ˣ
׿ӦһʱΣֻ˸֣, ˣְΪơ
û, ̧ͷҿ
׿Ӧݣǵ˵ֻ񣬵ҲġҪʮʮ, һϳֶԲ, 鷳ˡ
һǿ򶨵ӣ̧ͷ, 졣
쳤һ࣬ǻ켣ӪıƦӣ׿ӦеЦЦʲô
һ߰ģѹأֵܳէûʲô棬Ȼ¡
ǣ˼¡׿Ӧеͷ˳״
Цɣʲô˲˵ģѧź̫֡ҲԳһˣֵǻ˾ͺˡ
׿Ӧдæ񣺡л˴̧١
УСǸµġߵǰЦеƨģȻ۸ҸնģϤϤټҾͲˡ
˵ʲô˼׿ӦȻס
֮жӣемҾ죬кܴһֶǵӪдþˣܣҲͻزˡ
ֻû뵽Ȼɫ쵽˵زŵıֱ׵صϷ
׿Ӧ΢΢̧ͷɬЦЦ۽޵عһ£ȻƸ˴鷳ˡ
Ȼݣɫȥ֮ǲٵ۾ֻôһۣ͹Էҡ
鷳鷳Ц۶촽ǰɣЩȥ˾Ҹ硣
һԸͣлϴ󣡡
׿Ӧг카˹ǣͷҴҸ뿪
ѸٽôԺУһ·ʿﱾˣ·̬ͨʿ죬׿Ӧй߻ģ£˲δġ
˴ҿղŷӦû뵽ϴ˼ίˡ
٩ѣ㲻ʲô׿ӦЦЦ
ˣһꡣ
׿ӦϷֻ꣬ѵʱ⣬ôֵͽӣôܻӭôǵ˼
Ҳ֪츳أȷǰͬĺӵɫġ
ʲôʲôϣʱ׿Ӧвûʱֻ֪ԼǱ׸ֻܿԼȥ
ԹûԣҪһٶȻӲдĿģҪƿԼ˵
ʱ̻֮أʮνˣҲȡո¶ͷǶѡ
ȻѾ˿ˣôڰ߼ѡһȻҪѡߡ
Һúʦߣʶ֣ܣ׿ӦеһɷɵԽʹ޽ԼĸףԽҪù򣬽ԼԶٴ׸ľ档
ֻû뵽ʱ꣬Ȼ֡ͯӹò̾Ūˡ
һ·УֱϷȥ˳Ժ֮ڣܣֻſվt¥һֵأԺûбˡ
ԺŵıУҲûжֻһͷС
Ժ֮ȵһ෿һۣ沢ûˣηС˵ɵúܣǳŵװͷ˰෿֮Уֵظϣӣƺ˴򿪹
թʲôû׿Ӧ˲t¥ֵصʿκס춪һߣڸߴ۲˴һĹȷûڴˣԷ½ġ
ͳѻڴ׿Ӧ¿Ժŵıûоʾ⡣
ʱϲǽ⴫֪Ѿλ
׿Ӧк˵ʿ¥ǽߣýһȥܿıӰľ˱ϱֱֱȥ
ȻηڴڳԷ˵ģһҲţֱĦŻͷλүϽվż
ض񡣷Ŀǰ״Σ£˷ԸҪʱ鿴ȻҲŶλ
ŲţǰбүǸϻһҲˡ곤乧
׿Ӧв֪ƺǷ񱻿̲סڵηһۡ
Ҳ˵ĶҲ˿ڣֺֻɤߺȵָʹʵ̫飬ڳԵĶǵķζһ˵ã
⻰׿ӦвɵһЦ
ӼʱԵñģ˿̶ϲţ˿̶ѡ
һƫȱүֿʼڣ곤̲סһ죡ҪȻˮȣ
׿ӦЦСĴλȥ
˾ǽϻѣͷηȥ
ֻƺϲңʤӭ
תȥ׿ӦĬ˺һͬʱӹϵĻѡ
εڵأƺЦ˵磬УôҵȵúĽ
׿Ӧ߽ûһգҳմȾ֪ụ̂Էġ
ƺ׹ݵһƽƽ棬͸оһƯͼñͿˣܾϧü
ע⵽Ŀ⣬͵ⲻôС¡үأ
ûҹһǵóȥҡƺԳҲ֪ǲݹ̫ƽ͹һ
׿Ӧд䳶ԿףŴ򿪣Ҳƿҩ¡ƺ·ˣԼϡ
ſڣѲǽϣ׿ӦбʾȳȥһۣöԺ
Ժɰƺû˷˴춯׿ӦϢ۲һȦſɤӣʾԳˡ
˭֪䣬ԺſڴŲԺı˾䣺ͷ
׿ӦнŲһ٣ת˵˴磿
ſҪȥƺһһһҶź
ֻ壺ƣ˵˾ôҿǰͰ͵صȵڣһͨң
ƺһ֣ɴ۾˵ǻ̫ʱ
䲻֪ʲôΪƺ׿Ӧ֮йʵеΣɴ۾ݶӦ
Ժ׿Ӧһţ˿̵Ҳ±쿴˴ϷԽֵú¶ԷԽô
Ǹ鿴ˡ׿ӦеͷͰ͵ҡһΪ˵۸١
ЦǺǵؿһָ°ͣϸ꣺ȥ·;ңԶ˵Ҳʮ£ⲻ˷ʱ𣿡
ôҵģ
һ·£ٺ٣ʲ֪Сȷʵб˵ǡ ס׿Ӧеһͦ˰
׿Ӧһ֪Լ¶Ҳģˡ˴硭ھ̫ðɡ
ѾֵϢҲ
ƺ͸ŷ죬§§ɫڵףô£
˿̾Ǻԭʧ˱ۣεȨ֮ơ
׿ӦвΡΡҪƿ죬췴øϵĺζֱꡣ
ϲССӹǣΪʲôԵ𣿡Ǻܾûк§׿ӦӾ͸ƵģȫתȫǼ˵뷨
׿ӦкƵԺ𡭡Ҫ˿ˡ
Լģ˭ܿһԺŵ˵ţ
ԺŹصģͷ
§׿ӦУҪԱѶҺϣ²˰ɣ
׿Ӧаư͸ѽһt̨һָ˵ϱˣ
˳ָķ̧ͷͳ⹦׿Ӧи첲һ죬Ĳӣ䣬˾ͷŰ˹ȥ
ŶƺһǹصʵʵԺţЦҲʱꡣ
˵ȥ˿ҩ˯ľɣ
ȻԱ˻ûԤƵ᲻ôÿֱȥһֵ
ƺ֣⵽׿ӦиǰЦЦһۣѹͷ͵ܸ˾޴ĳ֪Ϊ硭
׿Ӧ֪ոͷϷҲеΣòţȨ֮ƣǻǸϽҴүɡ
ȵȡƺҧгݵžûˣŵ˲ô
׿Ӧжһᣬޱ飬ˡ硭ۣ㡭
ƺһ飬һ£ɿˣ
ٷԸ׿Ӧдۣתͷ߿ŴĿ⡣
ƺżл˳ͣٿŵŵˣһ¾ж˹첲
Ȼ˿ߣæ˵λ˲ϿԼ̧žͲϹ֣ʹ˺üš
ǹϴѹ»ᷢԼֹѾϵ߰˰ˡ
ѸٰԺӷ˸׳죬ܿѶҺߵĵ﷢˴
үǴү˿ңͷ˯һҵʱ˸ɫ糣Ҳһųӵ
ƺʹֵҵ֮ǰϱߵĶһһ˻ȥ׿ӦһֱԺŸĶ
װҵԭãƺһ˱һѻڸǽȡϵյ׻ź󣬼˱ôԺԺǽ
ǽͷվȣ¹⣬ĸ˸ǽ忴˸


23 
һӹ, ԭָŰΧȦ飬ڿƺ¶棬һļʸָ˹
ж屳, ǽ, ˺һ, ٲ֣Ҷˡ
̧һ, ȼ֧ѣ˴յ硣
ͷƺǸ
, ҵĴҿǰ˩ԺߣͶ˼˳͵ߣû뵽Ǹնɥ, İɣԺҶιкҩˡ
ƺһ, ĵ⺢Ӳ̨ϧˡ
Ļɫʱһ
, ûû£ǳû¡ƺЦ, ָʹˣ˵ôôи, أβỹɣ
һ˵ţһ߿˿, ûԷġͬʱŸ߶ƣΧ۵ס
Ȼָţ϶ڣûбһõһֻ׿ӦеǱ
ˣҲô࣬Ȼǹֻ֣Ҫסһû⡣
ƺսԱ׿ӦУ˵һȥ
׿Ӧɫһšһ
ֹˣܲˡƤЦⲻЦؿƺ翹Ը
ƺشԺǽվθߴ˾Ӹ£˶˵ע⡣
µıʿţ칭һ漴̧߽Ƕȣͷ
ֶ˵ϣʱ׼֡
ôˣ׽ǡšƺЦţɫȴģ׿Ӧдδı
岢Ŀţ䵭ҲûҪǵû׽ֻҪץסǣǻҶý
ȡǵֻ˻ƺЦЦͻȻүָʹ˺úôк
⻰ǽ˶ɫһݣ֪߻ҩŶȫ˽׼
˭ֻ̧֪첲ָ֣ʹˣ
壺
˭֪ƺ˵ĴкֻǴк
ǽȫ䱸ڴʱͻȻ֣ķһͬʱƺҲķ׳һԲֽһԲͲǣ׿Ӧһϳֵοɡ
ֹıʿһ£Ǹ˵壬мӦǸŹ
壺𶯣
Ѿˣһ֧ǸһɲǣֱŮɢһ㣬ɫķĩ
ǽ۾ôģ˿ȫУ̶ֳȵرۣȥࡣ
ԭŵĹȫʧȥ׼ͷ˿̼ʸҴܣɡ֮£δˣҲ׼ӵЩʸ򿪡
׿ӦаεžԼƺס˳Ƿɹļűƺ󣬾ֱ
ʱһ׿ӦлͷӹӸĽ
Уˣƺӣݺݳƨϣݣ
ܵţͿӷ񱼣׿Ӧжƺԣһֻץסһľ壬סΡ
ɡԲͲƺһӣǽͷϣ˺սʩչṦƬٷɱ
ԶԶƮƺߣż
ָۣղǰɫĩۣͨŭشһӣ׷
ȻԺкҩſڻмƥӵ˳·׷ıʿ̻źţѸ׷˹ȥ
ƺ˿ţҲûֱſ񱼣׿Ӧָ·׷ڳﶵȦӡ
׿ӦƲ⣬ƺΪȡʱ䣬ܼʱѳŴ򿪣ܱס
֮ǰƻôûһҲҪ׷ںṦٺãһ˫ҲܲĸӣʱӭеĻʤ̫ˡ
صҰǻһ㡣
׿Ӧڳ£׸ļˣֻźɫ£ֽʱʱؿʱʱƺ׷
׷ٽֻҪܽǽͣƺıʮɡ
ոյѣ׿Ӧвɵǡš֮Ĭʲô˵Ǿ֪Ҫʲô
ƺЦϣ⻹˵ôԵͨ⻹ӣܶʱҪ£ҪûĬҾһ궿ˡ
׿Ӧ룬ҪҲĬͺˣҪʲôһǱչƵģԵԼ
ֻ⻰е飬û˵ڣֻԼ롣
ƺ˫üܲ³ʲôֻ׿ӦǾǿӣҲûֻͣǹ˹ǣݳһ·ڡ
Զ׷һߺҪ־ܣһǡಡ
޴õķ£ʸۡΣһͱһֻŵĺ
Ͼ׸ܲһ˵׷ýˣƺʹŵĲͼźƶȥϻ׷һʱ䡣
ҲǳصģƺȦӣ֪ʲôѸָ±ʿ
Ȼƥŵ˴룬ܵҲ죬Ѹռ˳и·Ҫ·ڣƺǵصļкǡ
οɡ֣ƺ׿Ӧ˿£׿Ӧгɡסܾô˿̲ڴΡ
׿Ӧп˿ƺϱĲ滹ԼûʶĽǺöࡣ
ղۡúƷŶ϶ʿɣƺжԽЧΪ濹ܱʵ
Ȼ֪ġ׿ӦеҲ壬ʲô¶ȫ𱸣İɡ
ƺЦһۣʲôû˵
ǻл׿Ӧüʲô˵ʲôֱ˵ˡ
ôҡƺʵʵ˵˵Ҳ֣ȴŸһᡣ
⻰һ˿̽׾׿ӦԼ⣬˳㿴ʲôӦôӵд˼
˵ŵҪѹסͷ뷨֪Է⡣俴ǹϴ׿Ӧ֮ƺＫ䲻Ǹζ
׿Ӧȴ뵽ԼϷŪӣɵЦƤɣ
ƺʧ䣬ɲ̾˿ƨϳһӣʹӿٶȣ׷˺ƵĶѸ׷
ʱ࣬ƺҲٶȦӣʯ֣һ·Ǳűȥ
ݳǾϱţѽ˰ѳŹס
˿ѾϢظϵ˱ţûжسŵʿϢشӳǽнǴȥ
ѾžڽǰſΧ˼ʿֱͰһ㣬ĵǰšҲѷˡ
˳ſڣسʿסһˣһʿÿһ澹տҲ
׷ǰΪ׵һɫһݣأ
سǱͷŵսսûһ㶯ûУǲȥһˣ
ܣնһ·׷ģǻλӰ
û˰Ҷûκ춯سǱͷᣬںڹҪԼͷϡ
·¥һ֧̼Хм䴩ۡһݺݶϡ
ķ򿴣ֻ¥ϵʿȫˣӳƺһNɪſڳǽϳǺͨҹɢʳ޵ò˰ɣ¾Ͳˡλټౣأ
ԭոڰʯʱƺ׿ӦоͽȥЩڸ·ڶǵıΪǷݶڲ·С¥¥ϣǽƽȫ˳
ƺ·Ӱڻ£Ѹܵǽнǣϳ¥˻ϡ
˿̳¥ϵıʿѾҩԵһˡ
ҲЩʿ̫ǳʵ̫ǿҹƶˣֺڣͨʿȷʵʤ
ռݳ¥֮ƺûд˷ǽߣӷżֱǺεĳ
ǣƺһӣ˱ʧ˳¥֮ϡ
һسǱͷŭ𣺡쿪ţ
ͷ֣̿ϽʿæŴ򿪣ӷ󼸸˾ͳ˳ȥ
سǱͷסţ粽롣
һˣŻûаأŭ׷ƺôȽһ٣ʱ·߸ϡಡ죬֧ȫǼҼ磡
Ǳ߷żٶ֮죬һȫС
ҩס˴پһдӼͷѸɢʧȥֱ
·ԴֱܳסǵͷǼ춨һȻƺǡ
£ϧḧԼ㿪ˡ
֮ǰƲ㣬غô
ǡ޳ܣڵϣǰƺЦԽԽģ
ƺ£թ仰ѧãѳɴ
һĿȫ̵׿ӦУҲòĸ֡
ԭΪƺΪ˱жֱ·ڴƺΪԾɴʵԭļƻϢ뿪ݳǣ׷ԼڳϹתơ
˭֪˳¥ƺߣҪϷŪ˼һ²Ź񫡣׿Ӧоô˵ûƤûʵûˣôʱҪҫŪ
ֱ³ǽڰ·׿ӦвųףƺͶ˼Ǽƥֹ׷
ѹ֮ǰЩʱ᲻أ
ڣǼ˺ˣɹػļƥúټ׷ǡ
£ν˺۱ˣ
ƺŴԶԶ˵ز˾ǻǾ뿪ɡ
ֻƥҪͬһƥ˷ǳĬƺ׿Ӧ㿴ҿ㡣
ƺЩԥ׿Ӧеͬˣίˣ
ңί㡣ƺλԴӱҴ֮󣬵ǲٶˣԽԽףʹӵۣҪôϷˣΪ֡
ԼһǧҪһСﵽˣ


24 
ƺԹɨһԼǼλͬ, 硢ﶼ״رܡ
ƺȫµģ, ȡĴ󲼰, иһƥ, 㱳Űɡ
ƺＷһ仰ͦТ˳
Ц˵ƽôãӦõģ
ƺ, Ȼ׿Ӧ֣
˭֪׿Ӧûǣ, ֻӣ
ƺٺЦЦСƢ
ϿƷƵʵе, ʶԸ׿ӦйܵĽӴڴֿܣֱΪѡ
ǧϸ򽻵ϳɱвڻ£۶Ů˽, ͷһ⣬˲ܰתĶԸ, ϲ˷ң֪ദŽ̹ȻϾﲻ̹ҲȻʧ, С
׿ӦеûñŤһ˯, һݹĿŵ׹, ͬƺǰҲࡣ
ĿǰĻ̹ƺҲûʲô뷨ȻɧֺƤȷʵıڣԼǵСĻ˼ǰʵڲ
ǰڻѾΪˣھԲ룬ȡ
˶ǿߣ׿ӦҲˡ
˿˾ƺ󱳵·ڶԷʵʵ磬
ǲĶߴģƺĶʱȣûԻذԼ佱һɴ˿һûһغ˼룬͵ײͣǻһ飬űһ
ȻӦƫͷ׿ӦеܸϡšжҲ
ԼΪǿ˿϶׿ӦпνĻŭţֻԵԼ꣬ǿס⣬ǵȻ
ƺȻεϲãۼӱһ񱼶ȥ
һ׿Ӧеؿͻײƺĺ󱳡
Ĺ˵ڶμԴ֮ٴ֮ƺܹоȵ£ɵ̿ˮ
åӵһ俪۽üҶŴⰻȻЦ
˻ͷǱ飬޲ܵ˫Ŀ
ݳôá
ӵسʿصϢ֮ȹ׻ڣ·˫Ŀգ˫ü壬һԲ
ɼһĻţͷӹձվһԣ˭Ҳҿڡ
Ǹ࣬ĵĶʲô£Ҳ֪ǲײʲôɣúõľ۶ӣ㲻;ȫˡ
峿ͻȻǰ˵ðһ¶Է࣬ϳǰĵ׿ˣ㽫֪ȫϸϸ֪Ϲ١
ٴһ㣬ɱȥĹۺɽҪղͽҲ֪ô£ղץˣȴֱˣֱȫ׷󻹰˸׷ˡ
ֱڣ˵ð֮⣬һŲ֪֪һΪʲôҲʣǸܡ
岻Լֱ٣ϲܰôҶԷô׷һЩ£㲻ǼٵȰƭˣ׷ʵΪ˸Լƨɡ
Ļǵð죬˿̲ƷƷԱһϵƣҪǸȥף͸һóȥµĹԱ֪޲޲
ĥѾ˭ͨҲܱڴʱͻȻжˡ
ǳ̾˿Ȼ󻺻۾ƣ˵˰
նȻûʲô߹٣ҲϹٳ֮£˿εһ֪岢֮⣬ϽǰҾʲôԸ
忴˿Χˣңټֻˡ
еף壺ָʹʲôҪ¹ģܿڡ
ζؿβ˵
öԷ£Լ˿Ҳⷢë
Ƭ̣Ż֮£ô
¹١ŷִ磬ԥ˺һŵˣ¹ٲ֪¡
Ƥ֪ҴһһΪʲô
ͷҾָʹִҪǡþݣ¹ٱ˰æݳǷɴ¹ٲʤм
ٵɷ⣿Ц⡣
ģǿѹסԼǿҪЦ˵ǣӷøͣһ֣ǳȻ¹ٿɸӣ
ϵʮ⣬ɺܶ࣬վⲽͻȻʵ
æ˵˻ʵ¹һССεü
ߵǰĸ첲ɫˣ˵Ļɱˣ
һֱ˫ۣ¹ٱز
ƺһ̲ͣҹ˽Զݵؽ磬һɽֲͣ˽ţʱѾұ
Ǳ˩³ԲݣҲֺ˸ڣϢ֮ǰȾһ⡣
ɻʲô⣬϶иǼٵģԼǻϽ׷£
ƺĺףֱ˵ӣ
ôǸָʹݳҲҾӳȷʵ̫˳ϸ
ΪҰ鲻Ұǵȫŵˣû׷ˣ
ﳰЦܰǽ߶¸ţֽ֪ܲţ
һߣҩ䣬ͷҲû̧һβǲǡ֮ûѶֻǽкȥʻȫַڶղʱûãֻɹֶǡҪ˲ϤšˣŶԷһʱ⣬۸ؽִܷ󡣡
ƺͷԺʿվڣ俴أǵװʹطֵϣҲƵġУҸмŸϵʱֻ˲·裬ûá
˵ûü׼أ˿Ҳû˵ֲߣӲ
ҡͷԡšַİ׽ǣȻ׼ôһ˵©ȷ̫ࡣץַŵģ˫ûоϷ
׿Ӧпһϣ۷Ρ
Ծ²죬һ·ӳּٰʿʹթľ̼һ˵־Ȼô©һ˲䲻ˡ
￴ƺʱ׳ʲôûУƾʲô׷ݵģ֪ǼٵģѵƲΪʲôô
˵Լϣ׿Ӧ˶䡣
ƺһۣšüҲǸ˾زֱ׸ҡȷʵᵽԼյһţֻǲû˵дʲô
Цһô˵˵һ룿߯ص
̽ǡ
ƺͷ׽ǣûҪ˵ЩʱҾ;֡һѣҾ;øˡʵ̫˳ҵĸоǣ֪ʲôҪԷ֪׽ǣȴѡ˹ߡ
˸԰˼⣬һʱʮ־ףɻһŴذ
Ȼ徶ֱ׷ضԷǸҼٰĿģṩˣ֪ʦ֪ʦǱ˽ߵġ׿Ӧ룬ܰ˵úŷˣȻ˭ţΪҪţ
ƺһĴȣ˵öԣ
ƣǷѾ£ô֪ϸϵݣ֮߰ǰѾյǷˣ
ζ
Ŷˣģż϶Ļּȥţû취ȥиʦһǶ˸ɵģ
ƺҡͷǡ
üΪʲô
̫ˡ׿ӦеֹǣֱɱǱáαطҪ壿
һ԰રળ̴˿³һڰ̣Īĺѣ»
˵ҲԣֻҪץסȥ֪ˣʱ͢ʣ˵û۸Ƶһɶ
ô˵׿ӦкȻòವġ
ͻȻˣϴεɱ־ɱиģ᲻ᡭ
û˵꣬ƺͶӣʱס졣
ĬĬ溢ӵһյ
׿Ӧпǵı飬òԣƺϴεɱ֣ǳ۸ʱϵǲ㰲ŵô˦ҡ
ƺܲεȷʵˣһ־֪Ǽ˲Ұŵֵܣҵ˳ֲôݡƺ㣬Ҫɱ֡
ԡҵһǿƣھң׿ӦгĬƬ̵
˼ƺĻźǿʲôģ̫ˣû˻Ϊ˿ưԼ
ܼܲȰɡƺЦЦʱҵˣôʵΣȥ
׿ӦܲΪʲôңپ͡
ܶЩٲŷ㡣
ûҵʵĻᡣ¶ѾȥˣԺϸ̸ڻ˵˵⡣ƺؿһۡ
׿Ӧ֪ʱҲ̸¶ĳϣ㡰šһͷ
ƺ˴ǵģҼŵЩɱͬһĻͲ˼ղŰ͵ϣΪˡ˵ŵѣҲǣǿȻΪβ˵Ҫؼķţ
е㷳˵˲֪Լ˭£
˼Ȼ֪еĿģ֪ĻӦڽһУкġƺҰݣüһţӦøϵȻȥӦ֪ץȥҲɱң˵ֻҪɱо͹ˡ
ͻȻܽһ£˿ǻ㣬ֻ塪᲻Ǻ
ܣͨѹ⻰Ƶشӵϵ
۸ǰؽɽš˽鼫ã̱ڮ١
ƺĸ첲ʾ£𼱣ֻƲ⡣
ƾ޾ݣƣĹĵصŴ
ޱ鴹ͷʰԼҩ䡣
룺ȻĻ壬ָǺĹϵ֪е۸ĿġЩɱֲͬһΪγ˼ղŸдţ
ΪԷϸƻҲڰе۸֪֮ж˼գ˵ƺɫ۸ߣжԷϸϸشϢŵʱ䣡
⻰ɫһݡ
ɽ֮󣬸˵ϸɹ̣䲻սɱǰƺƴ󣬵˫Ҳ˲أϸ֣ضһƺֺݣԷǶ
ǵһųԱԼػŴױ߾Ǹʱ۸ûж˸̤㡣
ڡšѣöָʹߣȻѾϸ˵ȥֱЦ
ϻʵ¡šǿһһѹģἫвͳΡΪһģףšȫϳŸ˶˿ɳ֮
ǿҾԻٳǣ
׿Ӧпƺ飬뵽ʵǾ䡰ɱ񾡡ǰոƺ֮ʱֻΪǸеڸ䡣
ֲƺҪˣ˲ĶԴܲĺ
лҪ˵
ⳡƶʵԻԣΪֻϢȫƲģȫʵᣬһ㸡ˮ档


25 
û˵, ҶͷɥԼһƬι˹
ƺϢĳĬҲ뵽ЩϣԲŴµϷ
ô, ¶ôɵ
ǵδ, γֻԼ, δסƺһҪɱҵĻûʹ, ᱻ֪ܻ͢ʵۻ᲻ٴ´ɱʱûҵټѴ̡뷢Ѿ, ܰԼվܵʲôƲ⣬ĵĿ
ȣ֮, ֻǰضҪˮͬһ, ǶҲֻҪҧ˵ûʲô͢Ҳû취Ϊ, ˵һԽģҪеСܶࡣ۸ĵ̣Ҳ޿֡
, ݣҲΪҼһ, ̽̽ҵʵһҲɶԷ⣬ǶԷӦú, Թ߼˵ĺ޲ǣͷ¶β֮ˣܹҵߣɱʱһЭйҽԴϲ
ѻжԷϸȻҲҪⳡϷý˲ҪġܶԷŲţϸϢҲ輸գΪȡʱ䡣
׿Ӧһ߲彣ϸϸƺҲ
ȷʵû뵽Լʱĳ嶯֮٣ǣ˶¶ˡ
ǰ壬˸涼ʮƽӹƲİͽᣬҲûд֮˵İ켣ٳ
Ȼ˲ֻһ棬Һ岢ܱ֮ˣؼʱҲܷס
ʯͷ̴ô˵ҲࡣЩŵ˸Ǻϵô֪֪ôأ
ҪסǣԹ֪ҲܡǸɵϸ϶ưոݡ
ƺŵڲŹǣǲŹԲõģ·ֻһ·ȥҵ߹Ϊ常𣡡
һʢѹ˫ͨ죬ƺô˵̸Ŵ󺰣ԣɱ˹߹Ϊү𣡡
ҲԣǱߵԻᴦͷǲùܱģܺԼжǡ
˿ƺȻΪʱ䣬Ǹô
˵ͷ£ƺеήң˻ֵȥϢϸ롣
ô˵Ҳû໰˸Ƨ²ߡ
׿ӦҲȥϢֻ˯һС˹ȥ˯ţ̧ͷƺ
ֻ˿ţͷǿСľƬüͷ壬ɫԵ÷ԶԶȥ˾ôһ˿¶ζ
óôأ׿ӦоԼһ̫ˡ
ƺڶȥϱܵعº͵Цݡ
׿Ӧа£ƺСô˯Ƕô
Ҳ׿ӦдùľƬţûߣ
šƲʲôƾֲ֤Ƕ˵Ķƺ׿Ӧذ޳ָľƬΪĿ֮ǰڶϷֹ
׿ӦпľƬϵĻƣԽԽ죬ȴʼ벻ʲô
̧ͷĹˣԶһԷɻޣ˼ָ֭ҺľƵĻ֮ϡ
ɫҲ֪ܲܿ׿Ӧԭ뽫ľӡֱϣƤɫƺľƬڣקһСѩ׵ӣľƬȥס
ƺһĲЦ֪ɻȾɫ
СʱȾָס׿ӦƤûֻ̧ͺȾˡ
ᵽƺ㲻ٴȤ»ЩĻ䣬ҲͻȻת⣬Ĭ
׿Ӧм˵̧ͷ硣
ţ
ȥѾ˭Ҳܸı䣬Ҳ˵ǲ˵˵ˣҲἰ׿Ӧؿıģʲôʲôñܻ䣬ҲҶôС
չ£ɫͫʮ͸Ϫˮ峺ףǵ£־һ˫ɾ۾˿żۣ塣
ƺȻһЦˡ
룬ô׿Ӧֻ֣ľƬӡǳɫģĺۼɫȻľϿˡ
ƺӣϸȻǶ仨
׿Ӧжǻ˺һת룬ͻȻץסƺӵֻ֣ϲ˵֪ˣǴȸ
ʲôȸǻô
ƺ飬ǽˡšӴݲҲޡ඼ǶݣӰҩ֮⣬ʵô˽⡣
׿Ӧ֪һ˽ʱЩС⣺꼻һ֣ϸŵʱȸΪ꼻ҹ俪ţ˹дȸ
ƺЦչĹĵģȥסļ
ͨ˼꼻٣ϵʿûֲݵģƺƲ⣬ھڵϷݡ
ǼϷݡʲôأðȥҸϡ飡
׿Ӧü˵ûĴȸҼͼҲ˽ֻ֪֡ʱӡֽϵģҿľƬϵֻ죬ûϳ
ƺһ֪ľƬʲôģ
һеıǡ׿Ӧ³ѱˣɢӵֹסĲӣ⴦꼻㣬ڿУ峿УΪΣñ֪룬͵ƾ֤
ǣƺʮ㣬ҲɢĲľõе񣬲ɵطȥ룬һҹҲûüϴԼѾһΪʲôôģ
˵ûУ
׿ӦмۣһԲоԼṩôõϢȻΪˬݺݵĺ󾱡
ƺæʵʵؿ佱ˣ
׿Ӧʱ䣬һһϤ¶˱Ŀһè꣬ĻʵϾǿֺӣҪ˿ҲҪͬ飬ͻ飬ҪúóޣһССġ
׿Ӧеõ˿佱ʮ⣬ﲻԶǿӱޣԼտɵʵھЩ·ˣǴݳձɵִ
Σε֪
ҰͶȻӴֺ̼͵̻˵׿ӦջۣҪӰá
ƺȻֹȥ׿ӦҲûоܾ
еĿľǮ⣬Ҫ˵ΣʵҲûôΣҪΪ˱ܿٸŸ첲ֻҪг⣬㹻Ǯͺð죡֮ȥ֮ǰˣӦΪ
ҿǰ־̣Ϊ˷ʦµཻ£ﶼƺӣЦû㣬ҪѺܶ๦򡣡
׿ӦбƲƲ죺ҫЩˣһҲϡǡšר̽Ϣôûңൢʱˡ
ƺٺЦЦָΪѹɻȾú޵ģӻͳˮˮʪϸϸá
׿Ӧĥɸȥ˭˿Ҳûй˼ʲôƺŪ
ϸȷʵƽ˸һЩһ󣬱ȫ߬ůںָбļ룬ǳ£ָ׺󣬷ŽĹ
뵽֣ƺһϸʵУܼϷݵԵʲôҩôү˵ڻЩͣӦҩ¡Ǽǵ֣ҽȥһŪ䷽ˣҲ֢ܶҩ
ȥʮˣʲôεģʲôͣӦҲɡָò࣬׿Ӧб֣ĵ˵Ҳ㣬µġҶˣʲôҩҲܱһͭƤǡ
ƺҲûȰﻹǴҪȥһʣϷҲͬҩ²鲻
ˣ磬мҪ£ҵʡ׿ӦͻȻһأǮ֮ǺУ˲Ϸ֮⣬ҪĺڡΪ˶ĿܵЩʲôѰ£Ҳûһӣ
ƺ͵ؽӣɵЦЦҵٺ»δĸıҲˣҶǹЩҲлһһʣӦγǹġںｻף³ǿɹƭĹһһģԸǲ˵ֵҲ൱
׿ӦзĵصͷǻãҲȫҵˣһ·ӦҲá
Ȼƽٳģĥͦϸ顣
ƺȻһʱ˵ͷǸӵˡ
ܡ
ˣ棬ֿԡ
磬硢½˵׿ӦпСľƬܣǳˣúÿһ١
׿ӦƺǰѾ㹻磬ڱ˸ǰҪװһװǸСҲö˳һ˵ϳЩ佱Ҳֻǵ˵ͷǫΪҪ̬ȡ
Ҷеڣ缰ȥҰǷܴ򵽺ʵ
ƺ׿Ӧк˯һ㾫ܼ·
׿Ӧдºܿ˯ˡ
ƺ˿¸ԵӹǣĵشзһԼۣ֮ŷģºҲѸߡ
鿴ƺСŶȷ˯֮󣬲С˵иá
ƳһۣôԼʧˣ
Ȼǡ龾һҰݣָϲ棬Сֲܺһ绹ҵġ
ʲôɥ
̾˿ҪһͺˡиڣͲǰǰ㲻Լ¶ҪȥҲж˳һи̣иһĵġ
˲󣬲Ĳ١˾ͲԼˣһһ졣ͷ˯ŵƺ׿ӦУģǿɡ
лҪ˵
磺ϱٳһѺ֡
УܼϹС


26 
ƺ˲֪иСǷ, ˯ţֱѡ
ʹ׽˼ֻҰúҰɾ֮ѣ͡
ǳҰ, ÿ϶Сƿװżζ, һȥ, ʱƮʮ
ƺѵģŵζ֮۷̹, ǰ˵ǰһֻȣݸ׿ӦС
ˣ磡ҵģ
н, ȻҪнƺЦ˵һֻȣֲġ
˼׿Ӧв˼, ƣҲҪǸɡ
ƺذѼһˣ, ģһ˿ʲôһ
龪ֵֻסһȣҲ±½ǣòţԼ
׿Ӧ, ֻýӹȣƺȥ⣬ױƵطڿҶϵݵԼǰ, ոոϵ·ůڵġ
һ߳, һ߿ƺسԶ޶˾;ÿġ
ĸо, 㵶ͷѪģҲһҲùµ
ҷƵسſ⣬ƺʱֵĸȥɣ۲һҺͰȥɳأǸٵɸǻϡ
Ǹ׿Ӧлеǹң֪ˣҲ֪Ǹչ˵ô
Ͼ޹ģ˼˽ôѾףһиôⲻȥ
ֵģƺԭҪڣںһȥҪʹɱְɣ
׿ӦԥǲʣƺΪ̫
ʰͣȥǰƺѴһߣʣûҩ
ɫһݣ㲻ҪС
ϹôᣡƺɱڣҲȷ޹ûҪҪǷȻ᷵س͢״һⲻ鷳Իá
סҲɣûǡμҩҩ֣һԼ˭ⱲӴһֻǽļ䣬пܽҪ֣
ƺɴжŽ˺С˾֮ʱδػӰ죬ڶֱá
صǰӹϵĲȡҩ䣬ͷһͨңóһɫСƿݸƺƿСףҩ׼ɡ
ƺСƿϵıǩ׺дšΡЦһΣɲǸΡ
áجκãһжû䣬İ
еƺҩƿװϹŵĲתһ룬ֵǵһҩʲô
ɢ
ΣΪΣɢҲաƺͻȻ̾үЩҩȡǱĲáǵûֶһСܽءһСᡯ
ôĴʾ䣬ô׵ɱ⡣
бϻ࣬Ҫɢ
ƺٺһЦűҲʤɱڡ
Ҫ˵ӡͷҩȡһɫƿУҩһ׼ɡ
ƺƿϡɢ֣Щ
ңͷڷ㶣ͷһ
ţ
Ҳ֪ʲô붣һ䣬ɢҩɽ⣬˾ˣʿͷ­ڳҲҲؼ䡣ΪԼӱΡ
ƺ˪ͷһ죺ҵʲôˣ
Ŀι˶ܺҼηηβˡ
ˣϻҲ٣Ͻ·ɡƺģƨɣպɫСƿ˼ǰ˻˻֡
׿ӦվԱߣëιҰԣʱҲǻ
ԶƺͷۿԱ߳꣬ոձһϯɲʱƽ
֪Ǹײڵʲôƺôѹֲס飬ҪĻҲ˼ԸС
ãȻҪ𵽵ףʲôʱڡ˹ҩĨȥ£
׿Ӧмƺվԭط㶣һ磬ô
ƺЦȥߣ
ɳ˵زԶǲסֻ꣬·Ϣþϵ
׿ӦЌ⸽ΪϤ˺ܿ˴·;С˼ϴѣЩ·
ϵ·Ƚխƺǣ׿ӦвС
ȻСΪ֣Ҳ֪ǲǸʲôмⶼСڶ·ʻ
ƺöôоͼÿ꿴Щƽﱻšؽ˹Ѫɥᱻ嵭࣬Ҳú
ΪЩãϻʵیǿ̱ѶΣΪ˴׵İնԡѪսֻҪΪЩ˻ƽǵĸֵõġ
ţӭ΢һζƺ֪ӦСƥ˼һ׿Ӧвһڣ鱻㱻ˡ
һƥͨҲҪʮӣҿǳԱ˳ŵġദգ׿ӦЌԽԽûسһۣжܣ̵ˣ㲻У
ı¿ηΣƺûͦϲ׿Ӧи죬ԼܴĳЩֵ֮⣬˵ٰˡ
˵ʲô˵ʲô׿ӦУʱǸΪ˰ݺɫűŵҪɰöࡣ
ƺڨڨⲻ𣿡
׿ӦҲ֪ԼղǾѿڶĻôһ֣ʲôģǰҲҪˡҪϢǮĵط٣ʡʡ
У㻹ϸСϱ
ǲҲ֪׹󡣡׿ӦеصûڡСϱϣԼǸ˵ʦʦһ֪ǰôġ
˵⣬ƺʵʦһ֮ˣôģξģزɣ
ʦŲ֮ˣǸϲޡʦɰֿɺޣ׿Ӧÿÿǿɺ޵һ棬öͷȻ˳ʱǮҪˡ
ȥҲϷݣƺû뵽ӻڡ
Ǹٵʿô
ʦɫŮɫǰǼ䡮ԷһСرᳪòתŮӳõߣܿԶʦĽǰˡ׿Ӧ˵¶ɫеʦǷǮľծû壬𱲻ûԺһ٣Ǯ
ʦĲӺԺҡǻҡҲɤӡ
ҪСҲôףʫʸ踳Ҫһ㣬赸Ҳǿұ죬˵ļʮ˰վȫźúÿ˸ˣ͡
ǸСƾųı²ղҵʱһúѧԴԼ
׿ӦлǵãʮԼվںԺˮױߣѽϰ̵Сճһ飬ԺǽͷϴһͷһʮˣſƬϳ֡
ҲӢЦУ˽˼Ժǽʲô֮£ȴΪ̹ڷ֮صĺͯʱû˷ġ
ӯشǽͷüЦ˭ҵСӣôֵط
СеŴ۾һʱ֪λشֻ˷ӣķǲǱ˹ģ
һ仰£СȦʱˣǣҵġ
Ӵǿվֱ˱ֶͦҲ֪ʲôͻȻʵҪܴȥԸô
Ҳ޹ҲֹҲ͵͵ܹÿζᱻԺСһץűһٶСٲɡ֡
˿̣վǰһ㣬ϧṩĻᣬûһ˲ΪɌ⣬ǲġ
֮ʣԺһŮˣһ˳ȥ
֪ȥˣС֣ߴٵˣ㵽׸ߣ
Ժ⴫ԺصĽŲСҲԥץס˴ֲڵĴƣߣ
ڿգԭ˽һ㷭ԺǽԶȥ
Сн§˵ĲӣڵǸƻͨСԺԽԽԶʧҰͬٺһ㣬
ƺⷬ΢΢üǸСʱû⣬ô㣬޹˼ɣ
׿ӦŰʦһȾͰɻ£ҲҺ֪ġʱԭһ𱲻ҪƻǾҵʱɤӺãȥͽܣżûǮڡ
ôһ˵ʦͽƢҲ洫ƺ̲סЦ
ǽīߺڰɡ׿ӦеҲ粵̹ȻԼҲǸ㶻ʵ
أôʦģ
Ҳ֪Ǹ޵֮ˣΪҪȥԷʱûۡһ·񱼣뿪أݡĹۣҲ֪ǵʿʱ͸ˡ
Է꣬ȻӹͣԹɫı»еģһ۾ͿûҡԻûҾ͹ʦȻеʣ׻Ͱˡ
ƺ׿ӦԲȻɫЦûô򵥰ɣǲϴշչ˵ڣ᲻øߣ
Ͳˡ׿Ӧеһۣڮʦ
ʦٲãҲǾˣǷκҲֻԼ˵˶У
ƺ˼ǵһ䣺ǵȻǲһʱ嶯ܳȣ˵Ǹ֮ˣȻǲͷġ
Ȼ˻һ׿Ӧɫ
ƺЦȻ濴ǺúúܣֻҪһ仰ĿҲ˿ǣʱƿɢ
˳˳ǣһ׿ӦкȻץסƺ
ʵ£۵ǡšþ֮һеǰָţƤͷһСۣһﲼֱװʱܻõĶҽҩȵȣǳΪٴȡɰٴ֮⡣
˰Сƺƫͷ˵ʦģ֮ǰʲô
ҵûȡֻȡСҶΪץܵʱץ˹ҡ׿Ӧҵ֮ԱǣȴܸˣжΪҫҼҲǾҲսԵˡ
ƺΪӦûϲҡ
׿Ӧûƺʶ⻰е壬ϽתҲ
Ǹ˵￰ĸʲôһڸĪڸ˵ǰүĸףĸ֡ұǸ˼
ԽԽңƺʵƣҲٷѿ࣬̾˿űǸ̲סˡԳԡЦЦЦû
ƺŤ׿Ӧ죬Ц˫հ͸죬ƽԲԲèЦ£Ц̫ãһʢʻ޼ɵɢ
һɫůȿ˭˲
һʱ䣬ƺƵ٣ؿ׿ӦУȻƲۡ
׿ӦЦᶼˣƺɵ˫ļתȥǡ̫࣬ʱҲôô
ƺڨڨĵҿ˲㣬һмҾѳˡ
ָһ·ĺĺʱֵ˷ɳأ׿Ӧеָ£һ䣬ܿҵǸңûһƾͿˡ
׿Ӧֵܣڼ𣿡
ڻûƣûˡ
ƺ˩ſڣ´
˹ȻǸ˵ҲôʣٰԼźԺﶼɨøɸɾԺӲݴԺǽ϶ʺһķѾƵġ
ûˣƺŸ첲ʵ
׿Ӧлͷͷܻû
ƺЦһԼլԺɨʲôæ仹ؼңǽȥҲݡ㲻˵ҵؽô
ҲС׿Ӧԥһ²ŴӦ
ƺԺӣǰͷֱԺȥ
׿Ӧиߣڰؿڣ磬ҾáǲҪ
Ժݺһһ۾Ժǽһżѿöʱûκλﶯ
ȻʱƺͻȻɫһݣֻסȱȥ
׿Ӧһ仰û˵꣬ҭ˺ǰһĻŴ죬˵
£ӱҶɲݸţеѪۣȥʱ
лҪ˵
ԭΪΣΪΣסҹ԰
һɫůȿ˭˲ӡһ
ٴʵǹ~


27 
׿Ӧʶץסƺĸ첲, ŵǾʬ壬һƬհס
ôôǷֵܵʲôˣΪԼ
ƺһ䵶, ̧ͷĹ, ͷ, ¹⻹ԺԽŨصҹɫ, Χûʲôֻи򷢳ĳȮ͡
ţȱȥƺŵһСͳ, šߵʬǰ£һ֦ʬŵҶɲݶ, ϸϸһ顣
׿Ӧпڰһɫӫ⣬Ҳú󼹷, ǰʬ壬ӳʬ, ɭ
ƺ̧ͷƸղôţԾ˶, ˵Ҳһ£ǰ, ͱɱˡǷֵ, 
׿ӦߵƺߣʬѾɱεЩǷֵܡ˭ɱ
˺ۣӦǱ˸֮ͨ˻ıɱƺ֦ʬ岱˺ֹۣǶЩϣӦǸˡ
׿Ӧսȭͷʹر˱ۣһôˡΪҡ
ƺվļ򣬸оһ̾Уȱңǵؽıߡ
ˣֵܱɱ±ضйء
׿ӦͷͻȻһʱ˵뷨Ϊӳȥɱ˷ֵܣ١лһȻֵȥôãҲѾˡ
˿ƺߵԺһǣȥַҰҰݣ¶һСš
ƺקһߣסϵİ֣ʹһ
ؽŴ򿪣¶̨ף֮ӿģһɸõȳζζʦǹζһޣͨ˳ķҪϰٱ
׿ӦһֱдһҲˡ
ƺʬ壬Ҳ̲סҪŻ£׿ӦϵøԶ
ֽѸ٣׿ӦлǱȳζͷͣθ﷭ƺ֣һЩ൨Ҫ³
Уƺĵץסĸ첲
ȿȡ׿ӦаƿŤӱһͨŻ
ƺεؿҲٿתͷ˷ֵܵ̨ôʯȼ
׿ӦвƺΪűθˮĻĿһӡ
Դӿֵܵʬ壬ŨŨ֮;סģѹú˳ˡ
ƺ֮ǰĵöԣ׿Ӧûɱˣ֪Լ㱣֤ϺȣҪɱˣҲ޹Ұ
ϴɱϸûôѹΪˣɱ˾ʦɱ˳׿Ӧܽܣڣֵܺ˶޹ġ
޹
ƺ̨һ룬Ƚ̨ڵϣˮһͰˮʢһ˵׿Ӧߡ
УڣˮǺɤӡ
׿Ӧпһƽӹˮڡ
ƺֵݹһöҩﺬš
׿ӦнӹԹԷŽ˵еƣʲô
պԲܱٳƺͳӺϣȻ̨˵ؽԱߣ֦һҩϿҩɢ̣㽫ӽ˵ؽС
Ƭ̣һŲֵһӽȥ
պԲȷʵã׿ӦкһոձʬѬѣĴԽһѧƺӣҲòסڱǣ˹ȥ
ûʣƺ𣺡Ǳٻ൤һؽʬһȥ
׿ӦǴӵؽð̣ĬƬ̲ŵƽʱܶʬôЩϡ
ֻԷһˡƺ˵ԼЩţˮ£Ъһô
ŹζֻٹȣĻ
׿ӦҡҡͷܣûмļϲɫӣƺߣͳذףһһһľϿ֡
ƺֻ˼ۣҪǷֵ̱ܺ
ղ׿ӦŻ£ִⲻòҲ֪ô¡Сп϶֮ﲻ֪жѹ
ҲȰȰ˽жԷܣֻƾ׿ӦԼ
ƺһ壺֪˭ô
׿Ӧһ٣û̧ۣҹɫֻë֪
Ǳ̡ʿ֮Ĺɺã
á׿ӦеͷǴƺ˰ӣ̡
һԼģֻʣΪ˿̱ڣñ˴͡
ƺҲûټ֣һ˼ɱߵݣֻĿǰûʬܶҲжϡ
Ƭֻ֨֨ѽѽľӱ̺ˣ˶κ壬һдšֵ֮Ĺһдšʿ֮Ĺ
̺ð֮׿ӦȥǷֵߣ˺°ڳĲˮմʪ֮󣬸棬ݡ
ƺıӰʹ
֮ǰô¹˿ܸ̾һ߷ɶյʬ徻棬ĶôǸΡǲʱˣֱӵкúð
ȻڶԵʱɱϣƺԾʯĳˣֻҲûô޴ŵ顣
Դ׿Ӧ֮оԼһ˿з崣Ͷʧһȫ
ȥ˵εӰֻƺǷֵܴµĲϯ׿Ӧߣʾװʬ塣
׿ӦѾʬã̧ͷƺһͷл
ʬҲûپܾƺİСֵ̧𣬷Žϯйãòϯһȥʱʬȥᡣ
ƺյؽţоʬ֮ǰЩΪ˱Ǹ׿Ӧòסڱǣ̨˵ؽѡ
ؽѲտյҲûʲôڶڴʵԺܷҲĵؽѴۿۣˣ׿Ӧеʱⶣֵܣעؽͨ磬ˡ
ֻؽѱϾǵؽѣֵҲûͨ磬ֳƣּůʬŻḯõ֮졣
ƺ׿Ӧл̨״Լǽϼ̨ȫܿµ·֮󣬲
׿Ӧһֱûôʵʵվԭأ֮ǰѾǧֹ⾰ɵؽ֮ǰ龰Ȧ̺ˡ
ʬüֻʣɭɭ׹ǣ촦ڵϣֹϻŵԴȴڼ֮⡣
ҲǸǿ׳߳жǱáھֻʣһɢĺǡǵûס֣ʲôϮܻһս֮޷ر˻ɱ
׿Ӧнһͣסھ뱯Ҫ𶥡
ƺʬǰϸ鿴Ǵ׵Ĺͷϵøɾ䣬߽̾һնףǱɱ֮ġ
վΧȻûд򶷺ۼʬǽ罦Ѫۣͷ­ǽһѪӡ߽֮һ´ͷ­ͷ­ײǽϺŵڵءѸٶһɱΪ
׿Ӧҧǿѹԡʵǣ뿪ãɱֵɱ˷ֵܺôΪʲôҪô
ƺһۣŲֻ¶һ˫۾·ˮ⣬͸׶ĵĻͷŭʱ֪˵ʲôźá
οĻֻ̫ܾ£ΣԺȲҪ롣
׿ӦпʬʣѾʬô磿
ȥҿ鲼ƺؽѿͷס׿Ӧе󣬡һȥ
׿Ӧһ˶ʬǡ
׿ӦûоܾԹԱţһ˵ؽѡ
ȥ˷ֵܵķУ̵ĵȡصؽѽʬǰȥ
׿Ӧвһԣƺ˵ʲôͷֱҪʬǡ
ƺ˳һ£Ȼ󽫷ֵܵʬߵԺϡ
׿ӦŴõʬǣֻһͷûѪ⣬ƮƮġ
Ŵ·ĬĬԵţҲ֪˶ãؾͷһСɽɽмҰأ·ɢţ֮˵
һݲ磬ʤڣȴҲ˻ǵá
ƺ׿Ӧһۣ׿Ӧгͷ
ǣɽһط׿ӦмƺæҪԼڳڣ˰ᡣ
ƺû֣վһ߿Լ˼еңһصɱߵǺһֲطֳע׿Ӧеһһ
Ϊ׿ӦйǰĵλֵܣӦжԲסǣԸλ飬ҵɱ֣ӦһǱ𣡡
֮ݣƺߣ磬Ұˡ
ƺ¹ӳͷϵ㺹飬̧ȥ߰ɣ·ܲҸط
һʬζǲȥסˣֵܵļȻţǱǣǲ˼ž߶š
û߶Զͼһȥķ϶ʱɢżۼٲȻѾ˹·֮˽޵ĵط
㽫˩⣬ŰС
׿Ӧʰ֦ƺؼ˻ѣЩȼϽȥ
㣬֦ȼţžž죬һɨϳ׿Ӧȴע⵽ǻ棬ƺǱһ㣬ʶ˺һ۾·ǿѹĳ
磿
ƺͷǹػ񣬹ЦЦû£Ѭۡ
õôҲ䡣
ţŪС㡣
Ϊףɢȥϵʬ
׿Ӧ˽֮󣬰һȦҵƲмȱ˿ڵĴ룬Ӧö֮ǰ޹µģǿס
ƺѻŪС֮˼שͷһ򵥵¯㽫ӷֵܼŪĴ׵ȱڴ¯󣬲һζС
ȻܳȥϿ˼ʵϸ֦Χ¯˼ӣ׿Ӧа˹ڼϣѬ··Ϊϡ
׿ӦаǼƲӸɾ¯ߣƺ·Һã˱㻻һ·ͷ£Ʋϡ
һ죬ǶۣƺЩ˯ɡ
׿Ӧвô
òţӦû֪
Ǳá׿Ӧ֣ۣûתȥ
۵ס棬ǿǽ˯ƺоԼǺ׿Ӧб⴦ССĵطףҵ˼ͻȻͰ
Ӱ׿Ӧаӣ͵򢣬΢۽ޣС
׿Ӧбۣţ
롣ƺ͵߽ͬһֱڡ
š׿Ӧۿһᣬװ£Ծɱۣ֪
װһ糣ʱ˿̣зԮ֮ʱ飬ź˸һů̺ӣﵽⶼůڵġ
˿Ϊǣ˶ھΣȴΪƺĴڶаο˾ʱ޿̲ɢȶȵĻ¯Ѭ۾ȣ᲻֪Ѷ
жѪᣬ׿Ӧ֪Լÿޡôѹ֣ˮҪӿ
ֲ̧һжͻᱻƺע⵽˾ֺֻܱܱ֮֮ƽȣ˾
оߵ˶˶ϤϢͻȻһ˫Ĵ۽۴
лҪ˵
磺嶯ˡ
ٻ൤պԲôȥʬǰǻۡϴԩ¼


28 ̽
׿Ӧͣһ˲, 漴ʧصĹĵһ㡰ˡֹʶסͷҳһ֪ηӦ
ƺ׿Ӧбס, һЦ, ոǾٶԼûסԼ, ָԷʲôӦ
ȻСװ˯Ǿ˯ɡ
ƺ׿Ӧз, ое¸մϵ۸ϡ
䲻ĻϯأذҲ, ɲҪźá
Ǻú׿ӦԼڡֲ˼ȱȥתһߣѿļԷ
˭֪һ, һֻҲϣһȵĺ󱳣§
ƺһУ
׿ӦеĶͷĺ, Ƶұ㶼ˡ˯ɡ
ٵıƺĬ˺һ, ˲ŷ˯ȥ
ʱɫѾƺ˫۱㿴ǽ, ԱߵͷõûˣԼ, °еиë׵Ķɦ, ͷһ׿Ӧеķ١
֪ʱ˱ӵƣ׿ӦдӡͷϻȥƺֱϣУͷĺᣬ첲§ýġ
ƺҲûֱļ磬ذ˱š
ذҹˣ˶е䣬ôȡůʶ¼䴿ࡣ
ڼȻˣиϲСˣ뷨̱ò
ҶԷôһͶͱģƺʱڸƳȥ³౧һǡУ彥仯
ǡʱ׿Ӧ˲΢΢ۣ硭
ᣬŸβϵóЩ
ƺսսʶŲŲƨɣᷭˣ
š׿ӦЦЦˡ
Сӵ٩û˿̻ƷĿڴͨͨͨ
ƺ߳ŭһѰƳȥѸٵϵۣ׿Ӧйãһ仰ʰ
ʵոƺһ׿ӦоˣڶԷǵ巴ӦҲǲΡ
Ȼתһ룬ƺΣͲõ٩һ޽龳ȻǺá
ã泩ɢһ롣
ĻھԹ԰ϽҳĻ֣׿ӦеĿϣ˾ʦһʡΪֵܺ
ϵʬζò࣬ǵҵطϴһźٴҿ·ȻӢˣҪԼɢ·ˡ
ƺԴ˵ǲ⣬ǡšִʱˮܱʱ١
ҡšرСӣָͨ߳һأټЬѥĺҲߣ󱸹׼·Ҳܶ࣬Ǵ˴ֱȥµģûԼϴ
׿ӦоͲһˡ
ǹ˼ҳҵ䣬Ϻõ˿Ѷóȥ˻ɴֲҲøɸɾһ컻һ˿Źǡ
ǲٳּһѺ֣ƶƶҲʧǰ棬˽๫ͶҲʰ޵䣬˿
Է𱡢ϰǽʶˣĹǸӵʿҲ֮ˣͷ̷塣
׿ӦдСĿȾ֪ΣҲðԼøɾʧǰ
ƺܳܽæһͨݵ¯·֦ȫʬ𼣣ʱ׿ӦнѾãվûдĴڴڡվӡ
괩ɫӣͦ񣬰ӳڳ£֣أŽӳӰͷ·ݵǼǳ˲õ飬ԴС
չϣ·һ͵ĹΣǡôعճһԵ
е㡰ޣԾơ˼Ķ̬־ᣬֻ˾Ŀ̲ספ͡
ƺеǱһתĴڣƺе㲻˼̵ʲô
У̫˰ɣƺ˫ۣЦղű˵٩ҪΪӺαôò
׿ӦСۡػʣΪβòһзģ˵ĻôĪƫϲǲޱ߷ģ
ƺ

뿪Цû뵽ʯͷԼĽţƺæӹ׿ӦңЦЦαص
׿ӦĿֵɨһۣ촽û˵ʲô
ƺûע⵽飬ҳȥϹҡ
֮׿Ӧʵȥɸǻغô
ƺУҪһ顣ɵ࣬С㻹ǵ콫ȥֵܼҵô
׿ӦȻǵ
³ʮصĹۣʦˣʹǽ±ٵͲ˴壬֪ʦ³ʧ٣ٸûжۣҲûм׷顣
ĽѣҲָ֪ϹٸԼȥҡ
ڸת˶ûҵʦټʮˣ˷ɳأڿջ˵˽ŵĹ£ƺѰʦض°빦һСôܵ۸Ĵоȳˣ
ԼݲԷôܰԼ
׿Ӧвû룬ɵǣǴŻҪȥ۸
ֱʱ˺ͣȻҪһ
ǰ׿Ӧд¶ƺҪ˵ȷڡ
ƺ˼ʮصؽѣ¶ʮ㵽۸ҵңʮĹط꣬ʮǴӳ¶ʮ
ûһʱ䣬׿ӦвɵĽʦʧٽ£Ըƺ˵°ô
ʦһǰɱͨãʬ岢ûиôסؽѣ죬ӲƶϣǿǷֵܵʬ״ʱ䲻һ£ʮ𣬵ƺҹҵжӦûв
׿ӦĿڶµûţãβҶô
β㻹β»롣ƺͷһۣһҹȥЩ˵һ˵ûôҲ¶Լ֪ô
׿ӦпרעĿ⣬ͷ
ٴǷֵܼңϸһ飬ҹʲô©
ȻֻǴһңƺǾδɨĿҶҵһСǮһӡ
Уôת׿Ӧл˻Ρ
ƺ룬Ȼ¼𣣬ûʲôԴҡײƭ˽ӼùӣСǮҲӦͭ壬̫˷Ǯ
׿Ӧп첽ӹǮüǷδ
ԸǮؼ̻ȥ㲻ˣҲὫֳСݣϲôλεϡƺѾ϶ֻһܡûüôӦɱʱǮӴӻеȥҹڷߣ˲ûע⵽߸ں
׿Ӧ֪ƺƲֻ࣬ҪΪȷ֤ݡʬټӣȫָ˵ǸԼǰߣ˵ҹͱɱˣ
ƺοļ磺߰ɣܴ̽һ£û˼ʲôμɵˡ
Ҫҵʱ֤ѾҵֹҲûڴκҲûбҪڴ˵˷ʱ䡣
׿ӦиǣڴС
С䲻󣬻뻧֮䰤Ҳ׿ӦѡֵܣҲǴԹ۲һ󣬼ھӳܣƶϳһƽѾﳤˡ
ӡΧûʲôóռˣȷʵҲû֪ȻףֻҪǮڣܻŵùġ
ֻû뵽Ǯ׬ȴû
׿ӦҲģȥھӣҲʲʲôôĻֵܵʬҲڲű˷ˡ
ӭһŲӵĴƺͣס߹ȥǳַϺ΢Цɷһ£
ôҲƺһȻӢܵ㲻Цݿ䣺ˣ·
ˡƺңңһֵָ֪ȥôûˡ
һᵽˣɫЩѿ˰˵Ͷȥˡ
شЩϣ׿ӦҲ⻹ݣ
˵Уûȥˡ׿ӦϸţͻȻðһ䣺ϸǲҹ
׿ӦһƺΪ𾪡
ƺЦⶼܼǵס
ǴôһˣȻ࿴ۡۼշĴԺ׿ӦУǣǲǷǮǻϳŶծˡҪ˵ָˣ϶Ҳ͵ǮˮƯ˰ɡ
׿Ӧ˴İο⣬ֻεͷ龰Һź˿򻹲֪Ҫǳʲôӡ
ƺʣ컹𣿡
룬ҡҡͷǵûУҲֻ·žͻؼˡһʣҵڶ˵ˣͶȥˡ
˭˵ģǵ𣿡
㣬һĴȥ˭֪˭ȴġֵҲû˴շģȥȥġǰԺѿɶ೤ģٱƭˣ
ƺ׿ӦԴһƬذЦװ죬һԳĶǣоذе̩ɽѹ˼
紾ӣˡƺɰͰ͵˵常ǶֶڶͣȣȭͷǸһЩ
׿Ӧȴüߺ󲻾ˣΪڶ϶б˿ºѰ
޷ղҲûջ񡣡ƺɫǷֵܼȻʵʲô£˲⣬Ͷݵ¶ô˾֪ԵΪ⣬߹ųϢ
ô޷ǲֵ֪׿Ӧ룬Ҳûô⣬ȻͻҸطˣŸ֪
ԣôԭжһʱ䣬Ȼٸ룬ѲݣϾɳץ˵ˣڶɱ˵Ŀƺܼ򵥣ֻҪֵһ׷鵽˵أҲûܰϵ
ƺĿƵؿ׿ӦУ˿Ļɨβ
лҪ˵
Уֱ׳
磺ϱ˵öԡ


29 յ
սů, ˿׿Ӧеĺȴһɺ⡣
ɫ΢䣬ؿƺô᣿ΪʲôҪô
ƺĬƬ̣ƺȻͨ˹ϣԷδΪ㡣
Ϊʲô׿ӦоԼô벻ͨ㽫˿Σǻᱻ֪ġȥ۸ȴûȥ, յĻ˰, ã
Ҫáƺ, ֻҪ㹻Ҵ۸ˡ
⡢⡭׿Ӧſڽ, ˫۴ؿƺⲻܡ˭ô֪Ҫʲô
ʵԴʬ֮, ƺб뷨û׿Ӧ˵һǿʱ̫ѹ, Щ»ǲȷܶЩ֤
ڣһж˵ͨˡ
Ҫ׿Ӧе, Ѿ£ס, ־󣬷±ػ׷ס
ƺ̿⸱ӣߵǰ, ӵ뻳Уͼһ֧š
׿ӦӲ, ûƿƺ۾, ֪޾Ļش
ƺĬƬ̣˺ĵУҲ룬ҪȥҾˣ˰ͷŽС£´ʦ°Ѿ߻ˡ
⻰һֻε֣ݺ߬ס׿ӦеĲӣԼ޷ҧȴΪĥÿ졣
ңֻһӣ𣿡һһ˵
ƺо˶òӣ۵Ըӡ
ˣſһ㲻ŭø࣬Ƿܹܵ
ˣս𶥣׿Ӧ°͵ƺļͷ˫Ŀ죬˫ȭ˱ŬԼᡣ
ΪھζޣΪжޣΪѹޣΪŭޡ
Լųһʮ㲻ԸجΡ
Ƕӡƺ׿Ӧеĺ󱳣˳΢͹ļһڽڵ°ţѭºͣң㣬ʦӡĻ˲м߿϶֮һǱҪ鵽ĿĺͲأܽ¡
׿Ӧб˱ۣһƺ˵˰ͷŽУҲšҲǳӦоḻЩϴҲǺ֮ģôڣһ·ϣҲδʲôй̸ཻ
ƺ죬˵ʲôֳˡ
磬ʲô˵ʲôá׿Ӧס񣬾֪Լɫɷ׵Ӳûʲô˵Ծɵܵס
ֻô˵ƺȥ˵顢ǸջܲԼ
ûס䣬ס˷ɳõĿջǿջڳĽֵϣձ˾⣬Ծ֣ǵľȴպͬ
ʱƽҲֻͬɻľ
׿Ӧƺ󣬷·𲻿ظƵضͷĺ󱳣˿Լֻܽ˻͵͵ĥ
ƺڿջǰͣǰǣסͷСӭ˳ÿ͵ؽǴջá
ÿɢҲаᣬми̨ӣԹ۸裬Ҳ˵顣
ʱ֣λúõɢˣУֻ̨и˵˵飬˻ߣΪ
Զ̫壬ȻҲͲôᡣ̨ߵļþ۾񣬻һЩ̨ͯµĵذϣŲš
ЩӷûлǮģƹҲûϣСץһǵݵǸǰ
Ǹ˫ֽӹʮسСлתȷָΧͬ飬ʣһţص˵顣
ƺĪݣ˭뵽˺ͼ£ЩҲ벻Ķأ
Ťͷߵ׿ӦУȴûǰĻ򶯣˿촽һߣĿ⣬·ƴѹʲôƵġ
ǰ·ĵСһ͹
ƺȴУϴĶ
׿Ӧָָ̧ۣݳ̨ƽһƫȻƫ˵鵹÷㡣ҲΪƫһҲλҲǿŵġ
ǶɡƺС
ԸƫС֮ãشǹȥ
ʲôˣƺ׿Ӧʵ
æŸ·׿Ӧһֽڼֻһ档
ƺͷһǽϹŵĲ棬ֵˣԸСϲˣ档
С£׿ӦŤͷ̨˵ˣ˵ǿĹ£̨ԣ̽ϱ㼤عƻ
ƺҲһ̾Ϣûٸǡšˡ
ˮƵ׿Ӧǰȿˮɤӡ
׿Ӧдۣв豭ת˼Ȧƺô£Ծ벻ףҰɡ
ԭǲ˭ܽ뷨ŽԼȻƺ˵ģֲɵš
һ·ϰŰɣ浽һ̣־¶˳ġ
׿ӦвЦһûмˣҼٰȥ۸ˣһǰ˸Լ¡
ǳ嶯㶣ʦѧһĲܲˣɾûݶϣûǲŵġ
ƺŲ豭ȥ˼ǰûʵ⣬ǣͷ常ţ¼ӣʮţӪ룬Ӵ˸常ս
ڱ˿սϸսûʬҰͬҲѪĴۣһδδӱаγ˵ĶӡƻҴ׵͵Ϯƻػǵ鱨ҪʱҲӪա
ʵ۶Գȡõĳɾͷǳ⣬ǼҲͷβڳŵĻʤѲ⣬Դ常ͨѹñӣһ˲䣬ŷ·ǷɵĶȮ˻ʵݵʹֹţƽͷոҹȻｲŵĻ
׿ӦһĪΪ߻ʵԶ
ƺΪƫƫײ
ɺϣ
ǡӣǡͻȻ˳ŵĹ£ǡ뵽Ұæˣǡ˵۸ƺĿ֮Уô࡮ǡɡ
׿ӦҧŴһԲԼã±Ŀǰ뵽ĻҪӡ
ƺУϸ룬ڣһô
ǵһΣѵ׿Ӧ˫ü壬ԺѹŹڳŵļ䣬ȴټ
ͿŵĻ٣ųº󣬷̸Ҳǲ٣һ𣬵ʲôʱ
ƺֱָۣ˼
׿ӦԱĿסƺ֣ΪģֻǸоƺͨƵġ
ȣ˾ðȫ
ƺ֣УųΧԡ
׿Ӧɺо𽥰ЩڣֻԵңԶͷҲ
ȥѰʦտʼϸ룬Ϲ˭˭̸ߣǷ˵
׿Ӧеļص³ʮ죬ǵĹ۲ŷʦģǴЩ߲˻عۣȵͲ˴֪ʦ¡
֮ҴһĹ۲鿴һ뿴ʲô˿͸¶ʦȥ
ƺᣬһӣǷҵ˼
ҪѰˣܵи򣬷ûͷӬײʲôʾֻǵʱδ⣬룬Ƿ
ʱĹһţҲѾ۷һ飬Ҫ˵Ӧͱٻ
׿Ӧнƺ֣ڼеĳ﷭ңʦķܼ򵥣һŴһǽܺ¹񡪡ͻȻͻȻ۵ʦ¹һǣ˰˫ͼ
ƺ˹ǣ¶һĨ΢Цͼкر𣿡
Ϊرǰźˡ׿ӦЩʦӶҴȷţ¹ϣǰδйͼ
ƺ֣һȥҵĵطģ
ٽݵ򣡡׿ӦвҵʱֻӸѰ˵˫Ӱ죬δ̫档
һͼӰ죬£˵ȷʵڰյ㣬ôƺȼо롣
׿Ӧеͷۣϸոնϵ˼
ûκη֣㴧֮δʦֻ̼֣ǷɽԽ룬רǳ˲׷ֵ·
ǵԼãȻһϴÿһǳأ۴̽ϧṩ̫ģ·ֶ̼飬ôӡ
ǡ
ھˮصʱ˼Уգݵˣߡ׿ӦֵĽͷУһ׳ӽڴֵ߲ھչʾŵΧȴȴض˺ߣĿתؿš
ߡǳɫġ
ʱĹŶʦȥһƬãȻȺȥûŲطҪʲôݡҲܹŹ֣Ϊվ࣬ˣ֮ȴߣҸǰͭ塣
Ҳӵټ׿Ӧдɽ·ֻϧɽ·˼û취ûѰʶٵı£ķѼ칦һ
ֻɽҲҰߣͨ죬Ǵ˵еĳߡ׿Ӧüͷ⸽󣬵ص߶ΪɫߺɫδɫߡѲɣĻ֮˸ҡšİʾ
ƺ޷϶̹׵ǣҲܲǡ
СŲߺȣƺֹ񣬶ʱ˻ŵؽ̲˷ϣһȥ
׿ӦгڻУСϲ˶δֻǱǶᵽ˲㣬̲סʹᡣ
ƺ漴˵ǺһҿջżȻж˵ԣϳǰĹ۵Ĳ֮˵ǶԴжϣӵʧйأô
׿Ӧ漴ͷԣҲʱ򣬴ﷺŲ㣬䷽ԣʦ˵ĻŲɵػͷ
ײȻű֮俪˻Укܶóڱ߾׸صĶ˲࣬׿ӦȻϴȷʵûˡ
ҶԷòϲ𲻴ǴǹҵķΣ˵ֻǴ棬ûһʶơ
²òף˶ᴩ׷Σ˵׹ٻ鷳
׿Ӧм㿴ǣҲûϳʲôֻСǺδԡ
Сһм˵ǶˣڿջѾס˼գ˵ĿŵݵĶټҲ·ϱ˴
ǳɫߣǲڵĶˣ˿ʾζǳԡƺ޷ƶĻַټ
ϸ߻ðʾյˣǴ׳ȻҲҲûٶԶù֣׿ӦЩ£Ѱֶΰˡ
ǻû԰ҩء
֪ӵʧٿй֮δģ
׿Ӧ̾˿кδ㣬ֲ֪°Ķġ
ǰʱֻǼһ£뵽ԼҲûʲôãʱʧ䡣
ϸϸعŵʱ龰ǵԼǼ˿ŸôܴȻ󡪡
׿Ӧ˫ͻȻƺ֣۾죬˳˳̳ŵСǲǽڵһţ
лҪ˵
׿³ԥҲš
ʾòɺ~


30 
ʱ׿Ӧ, ֪ǲǼ̫󵨣ֿǿջƹгЩƽ֮ջСѾͷˡ׳޳Ϊӣƹûֹ, ֱǳĸǼѿ
һ, , ̫ͻأ̫η, ʾζ̫Ũ
ƺڷҵļǣͷ̧ĨȥͷĺЦЦúã
׿ӦȲٴα, ѭǵƮӡ󣬼Ѱ
ƺ׵öˣֻҪעڡšϣǶξﱻӵĵεȫð˳, ͬɳͭԽԽ
ڳŵӲ٣ǳ޳ȫԱ, Ϊɽ֮ԩдġۡ˪ֶ̾˵ġѪȵ, ǳǰЩӴϱ, ν˶꣬׿ӦȻҲİ
ЩѳΪȴ·;ʱж, ֱ˷˼
, ĳ쾭һҹϣгųԱͼɫΪңԴɽڼΪĿĵطƺƵһš
ʮ˵ɳ죬ԭӡеһ˽ڳŵĻΪ֮ǰǱĬؽôవʾŻὫǴμǵ
˿̣СϤζĻ䡣
׿ӦмǵãصؽֱƫƧλǲ˵飬Զˡ
˼Ƶһ棬Ӷȥʦ˵˽ǹ²ȻƮĶС
ʣ渵Ϊ˲ɵҪȥ
ȷʵǽڵһΣйسŵУᵽƺ
˵˵ǹɽǴ֮ˣԴͬսɳѳ飬¶ƺʱʮꡣɽ㽫Ϊӣ֮꣬Ϊȡ֣롯
׿ӦͻȻЦЦۿǰˣ磬ԭıֽ롣
ƺͻȻе㲻˼֮ͬж΢д㲻ˣȡֵĺ٣ּû˽й
ܺ
ϲôҡ
׿ӦҡͷȻδô㣬Ǿ˰ɡ
ֶѣֲʲôơƺһʧ䣬֣ϲ裬ת˻⣺ȻˣҪȳټ
գҴҪȥˣͻȻ뵽£бضҺ˵Ҫϡ׿ӦһоʤԽи
ǼΧϤ˵˵ҲƵǸ־˵Ķƺ
ƺ֮ո߳죬ɱһа٣֮󣬸󹦣ֻǱϸӪıҴ֮ơƺѫǧʱգسҴϽŻ֮
׿Ӧ䣬ֻ촽ڵƺ᣺졣
æ˼Ͼ˼Է˵ʲôʲôԹſڣƺ͵ߵ棬ϤĴкζʱ˶Եʱļ䣬ʲô˶ϡӡ
ΪץסһĨƮ˼׿ӦмæҪ
һ͵ߣʱ͵ץסƺͬʱƺмԼĻƮʡ
ģһϧƺΪɽ֮±ǣǰ̾١
Ҫ˵϶Ǳм˽ϸˣƺǶԶָơʲôڳϦж϶Էͼɹ˵еģƺɣ
һ̾һǳ˸ǶᣬڻǰڿɺãҪǶҴͼı죬֮
ƺһϣҲôǣƺֻͨһֽãһѡ
һЦϼȽ˴ȶ⽫ųֻ֮ʿǱΣȳùǴװ׵
ͣ⻰Ҳԣɽڣûա
ӿȶ׿ӦݰתţʶһһڳƺιȻһȻƮĶϡ
ǸͳЩ˻ƣֺᣬ׻׻ȥ۸ƺȳʦ
仰ϵԺԼͣˣȥ۸ƺҾȳʦҾȳʦ
һԵĸӿͷͷʲôʿһ㣬ȥͣ׿ӦͻȻͷʹѣƿƺݹĿӣϣͷصشȥ
Уôˣ
׿ӦȥƺǰȴԽģѵԷ֣磬ҡ
û˵꣬оз·ʲôžضϵ漴ڰ֮У

֪˶ã׿Ӧв֪Уڻ֣УУһѡ
ᡢºͣ˾ðȫҹһյ𣬽ޱߺڰ˳
׿ӦлδۣʶȥѰߵˣű㱻һ˫ȶԴֲڵס
ഥʵиΪֱӣۣǰǴ̵ᣣԼڴϣϰһĻС
ˣƺϴøһЩͷô
׿Ӧһƫͷײ϶ԷػҲ֪ǲΪ̫Ǽ˵ʱ࣬Īۿһȣᣬסۿˡ
ƺ۾ѹ֡
׿Ӧεǿ̣ԼĶʹĸоǰδУΪ常۷
磬ҡҶˡ׿Ӧоûͷסƺ򢣬㣬ʶƺܹæһ֪˭ȥ۸㣬˵ܾʦҶ߻죬ǳ
йƻԣôƺͳԼĵ뷨
ţһ䣬ҲĻΪԼľ⵽ô£
ƺƬ̣оβһƻǵİ취ǰЩյԵİʾ޶ȵһ޷ĵˣָʹҪ£ȴΪԼ뷨
׿ӦгĬŨܽëס۾ȫɣ˿ʲô
ƺ촽ѷףһС϶˱裬ݵߣȺȿˮɡ
֣׿Ӧнˮȥоע˻촽ʵǲͲ³ˣ
˵⻰Цоһ·ߵ⣬ƺ仰ʵġ
ոǻͻȻҪιҳ棬Ҳڰһɡ
ƺͷζζ඼ܰص龰䡣äߣ֪ۣΪųǰĸš
˵˵ţͻȻͷ׿Ӧеļϣ˿˵Ҳ֪ǵ׶ʲôھβҲδǱģҪǰЩյɲɹɹҪյʲôԸ񡣡
βҲأ
ܻҩҩƻкܴ˺ոΪʵݹļԭļ䷢ײŵͷʣֻҪһáҪ浽ҩǸϣ»ͷˡ
׿ӦͻȻЦˣԳҷĻǿԸʦе㶣˼һ¾ϵǾԼ
ƺ̣ô˵Լ
޷ʵһΪԼ߽꣬ʲôԴǣҲŷԼֱǸδɵĺͯ׿ӦаŴ壬ŤŤӡ
ƺҪһɣոǡ
̫ˣֻ뱧㡣
ûϵ׿Ӧֻǻ˸ƣòţһеͷۣӿŸ͡Ҫ˸˵
ʱҲ˲ϴ§§ʲôãֻ֪ԼҪԣػٵļǿ
ƺʲô飬ҪǿҪ˿ھȻĸԸУһֻѰӻ˵СޣһͿۣھΡ
ǰھΡ
ƺĵԩͷծܹ°ǰѾ׿Ӧо˽Ļ֮˷ѾҪԼŪŽоø
׿Ӧв֪ԹԵ˼ţؾΪᵽջǲŻʲôβҴᣬࡣ
ͷƺĻҲյô¶Էʶƣ
ֶǻãΪԸսϸֱҩЧǶҲûЩ֮ġƺȻյµġ̫ԣֻǱĬӰԷĿﰴϣķȥߡ
ҧأǸ˫ͼһûע⵽񲻰׷ѹ򣿡
ԷȻ˸㣬һɣһҧΪֹƺ°͵ķºͣ뵽ЩֻҧĶ»иķ϶ûбע⵽
׿ӦƵ̾ץϸȷǶΪ㻹Ҵ˵ȥ۸ǶԵģû뵽ɣҵ뷨ҸһҲ
ƺĿڶһ֪磽⣬׿Ӧô˵ʱеջһģߣȴ͸ϣ϶㣬ʲô鶼ԼͲˣ
׿Ӧ
ϲҪ˵ôǲǹֿ佱ƺšüٸ˵һ飬ͨˣܹѵʲôǱȣ˿ԼҲǱ˹ݣǸ˺޹ϵԺĻ
׿ӦдͷؿڣƬ̺ŵ֪ˡ
ƺɫ˿ۣ֣һغ壬ԼӶˬһ㣬뱻ϿɶԹ
Ȼһӣǵٸ棬ûš
βֻһֶΣֻܹƻ󡢷Ŵ뷨ٱˣ˼˼ֲֶһ̼óģ붼ȥû뷨β㲻á
У㲻ѣδʦԸǿңȻױ󵼡ƺ̧֣̫Ѩͺһ˼ˮ׶ûˣַŵ࣬Ļ˵ôࣿ
֮ǰ㲢֪һĴڣƾһ֮θԷĲΪӪ⣿
׿Ӧб۾һȷʵЩƣԭúصĶƺҲһ˲䲢Ҫˡ
ûõģ羲
ƺиܴľ֡૵ʦ°߿ʼһС
ֹƺЩ䣬Ӧø磬°ʦֻǵһѡ
һɣ۸ж˵ϸʵߣжԷĶӣ
лҪ˵
עֳԡƽ̨⣬ЯΪء̫С
βƴ


31 ĳ
׿Ӧ, ٿֱͷؿƺΪʲô
ƺĻ͵һգȻԼҲÿտ䣬漴㻳ոĸо
ӱ°, ˺͹߹ͬĿ, ԴΪ, ˳㡪㲻㣬Ҳб, Ȼӵͽܣ˳ĵһѡ˫ۣ, ϸ룬ȻҪ㵽۸ɹҾȳΪ˴ﵽĿ, ҪʲôЩµˣضڳ֧
, Ѿظ׾Ͳ˵ˣ⻹Ҫܶ, ˵²ࡣ׿Ӧڴߣ, Ӧģ˵, ģȻܻס塣
ƺͷ, е
׿ӦͻȻϲûпʥǼٵģûҪɱ㣡
ˣӡƺţǼٵģαôʱǼٵģֺαҪɳץǸ˵ˣֻΪϷ㿴Ϸδ̫ˣױ¶
ҸΪģʥҲģֻЩģŹŷϾҼƭ˵Ĺ̫ˣǼ٣ʱƾֱܱ
׿Ӧ뵽Լαװһ۱㱻ƺ͸ȻشͷƵ磬ôģ˵ɡˡ
ͷƵһ顣ƺֲĵؿ׿Ӧһۣڻ𣿡
öˣӺѡߣȥ˵׿ӦֽشѥӣƺԲá
֮־ȱʲô䣬һϷ˱īֽ⣬˹ǵдһдű÷˵ǡ
ƺΣģ̲סһİۡ
ǰ۹ʱߣʮ˵ķɳأżǾ·;ңԶҪյˣȻͶˡ
׿Ӧֽ϶˶дˡʮˡǵӱޣˣҲҪʮգǻʵҲʲôرľûҪôʱ䣬Ѿڴֲܵ
ƺͷԣԣȻͳͨų̵Ļܿڶµ׾Ͷˡ
ȹ°ʦ磿
ԣҪ۸˳עشңֻлܰ쵽ǰţҪͬʱС
׿Ӧԣֽ׶дˡʹµסֲдˡʦ³
ƺšʹ֣˼ո˵ʵжӣȷУǶԷĶӣһͨͽ
Ļ֣ԡĳסָҲݣˣڻʵǰԣɱȫԱ͡
׿ӦڡʹԱд¡ĳסǹߵˣҲûҪǹ߸ɵģŲȥ㣬ͲǶء
ƺЦĳױȻǸߺģô֪ӱ°֮£Աڹǰšڹߣȴδ֪ĳڹʲôֽš
˵ĺһ顣׿Ӧ۽ǣƺһۣ龫֣͸Źɴ
ߵӣ㣬ŽСںƻĺ˭ۣͬ۹áƺվⲽ
ĳףڻʵǰԣʵɳһ·棬ʱ㱨һߣ˸ңѾظҰʾҪ뵽ҪҳŰæ׿Ӧеöãʮ죬ҳɹɷð棬۸֪㣬ͬʱ˿ڣΪҵ֦
˵̾˿ŶѾܰƻĿģʵ̫桪Ǹ뿪۸ɱɱңҪжĥɱ¿
ƺվڴǰſջԺÿĺֻһ취ˣݵ·ͨˡʵĸڳ˴бüƻֻķܸ¡
Ҳһţ̤ƺõɡ׿Ӧ̾
ƺΪĽǹȥˣ˭֪һͻȻֵʶ㣬Ҳˡ
ͻȻ˵ôůĵĻǧž޲ľͻȻŵûվȣЩŰҽţæӣͷ׿ӦУˣ
ֻܰҰʦȳ׿Ӧͷûбĳյûȥð˵ľͲˡĻȻܻǻȥҹ߱𣬵δػʦ
ǵǣƺĵ˵ʱ򻹻ϳɸһ֮ͽ㲻ҲһˡϾ˻˵־ͨⵤƻ.ҩ޹
ʵĹ͡ƺݸһЦ㹻¸ңžȳҡ˵ףʦǳȫԱá
ллŬ㡣
⻰׿Ӧжʱüɫ裺԰ɲô
ЦûûΣһɨյɥ֮ƺҲģ漴棺
¹Ҳˣϸ֮ǰҲ۹֮ɣʵ໹üھС׿Ӧñʶ˵㡰ĳס֣ӦøŵĲͬһˣϾǸɴСĳҡֹ뿪ĳסҪ۸
ƺͷԣĿԲͬ϶ͬһˡֶ֪飬Ȼߺ
ʲô飿һĶڱ̨
̨㲻ϣĿǰҲҲûӰ쵽
Ҫҹ߱ģ׿ӦеԲ۾ôӰ첻ߣĪĳסǼߺʵΪ˰ɱĿģ
ǵδأ˵ܱ߷أƺЦЦؿ׿ӦУǳŸӣԶϱ߷ָƣͶˣǳ׹ţҵİ£ִ֮
ܣ׿Ӧһӣ˭߷㶼ᣡ
ƺԣôź磿
׿ӦСߡһҪģ۸ǸƴܹصסŹ֣˵ˡ
ΪΣ
ΪΣҾ֪
ƺնӣůڵģֱӵǸĳסûʵɱңͬҲ˵ͷҡһָɺȥ𣬸Ҫߡɱ·
ûʵɱңΪ˶ҵĺ·ڼ֮ǰҶǴ׵Ӻӷֻܲһеȥҹ߱𣬵ɱʵҲŹҡ
Ļߺʵõѡ񡣡
׿ӦһʱǳӣЩƺ˵ӵĸоѾˣ˵ӣţţζ
ؿƺһͻȻ±ʣվ߹ȥ§ŲӽʵʵذѶԷסˡ
⧲ӵƺеΣ˫ֲ֪òñȥ
У
˼Ȼ֪Ϊ֪ı֣ȻϤˡߴ׿ӦЩʵȻʶô˱㣿
ƺһ˲ʱһ޻ס׿ӦеϸҵģҺĶô
Ķô׿ӦʵͶ·Ҫ־
أ⻰ʲôƺСǵҲڣҲвˡ
׿Ӧɿһ˫è۷ź죬ۡ
ؿƺҵ궼ֵطҲûҪѰֻҪţϣҲܱʦߣǡʧҸɽӣЩңҲãαΪһС֮ͽԼǷ壬˵үأ
ҡƺı飬ֿʼۣһ֮ˣ̫ϧ̫ûģ顱˵ӢţףʱֻΡ
ڱ˿ίӢۣԼףŸͨ.已̥
׿ӦףϧϧΪ˱ηηβ˼̫࣬
ġƺ׿ӦһִֵСЦǰҹ̫ججˣűʲôǿԺ˲
ģ׿ӦоӦ̫ˬз֮ӡ
ƺͷģʲôʱƭ
û˵;òԣ⻰˵ʵڿġ
׿Ӧǣһһٷʵʲôʱƭң
ԺҲƭˣƺƻصãáĳס֣˭أ
׿ӦйȻ˼·üëû뷨
ϤңضϷһָơƺûи常иң;ҿԲ߷ֲ˽ҡ
֪Թߵĳ϶ֻҪᣬһܡ׿ӦеƺµڱָʹΪʲôĿģ϶̵̤·
ƺͷһ̣߲Ҳڲʵ۵뷨
֮ǰĳҡǺڿǲǸϡĳס
ƺ̾һ常ֵͬܣû֤ݣҲܻ
׿ӦЩգбʶˣֲʶ
ˣƺ֪˵ֵ֪˲࣬ȦҲ١
ŵûʵʱΧҲ٣ƺŹɽҲʶ˺ܶ೯سӵܣģ׺Ĳ࣬ϤҲһЩ
ֻһʱ䣬ЩԺԽģĶûм
ˣЩƺûʲôá׿ӦͻȻȱԼġ
ҲԣαִšƺɫһǹһաֻԺ·ϣصöС
䣬СŽһҩС
͹٣ΪˡСһ׿Ӧкö˶ǣЩΡ
ȥİɣƺżСе¶һֵи綼ˡ
Сæͷⲻǣкüֶڣ⻹С˺Զģ͹
׿Ӧ뵽ΪֹƺǰιˣʵеûӣƵûˣȥɡ
ǲУˡƺȹ񣬽˸롱ƣֵɡ
еͷ׿Ӧߣ׿Ӧв鲻Ը
ƺת˵С䣬Сͷܳȥ
ʾ׿Ӧûд󰭣ϰ֮屾Ϳʲôףһձָܻķӹ̱Ԫá
׿Ӧһʮ⣬ͣƺܾԼǶ使
ƺ֪ҽôȻͷôƣҲûʣдҩš
׿Ӧаߵȣ뵽ոһûԼʹȥˣڶʵе
˭֪ͷ𣬵СͶһ̵ĲȺ͵ǰ͹٣ֳԸģҪǶ˾͵油㡣
׿ӦҪ˵ּ۰ԡͰš
Сͣոֳ˵εʱ˺˵ɾҪԡСǸ׼ϴˮ
Ŷˮ̫ȡ
ֳˣҪСǱ̿¯һǷһͷСЦ˵ֳǰһСдôˣôֵܵĿɲࡣոڴεɰùǺ¥ܣСĸСĸϽȥУ˵ˡ
׿ӦŬǣԼ̲סЦȴˣϸе㷳
Լֵܣͷ£ǹġԵ㶫ԡʲô¾ͷԸСȸˡСһϹתҴҳ˷š
׿ӦһĽţ⣬һ߿۽Ͱﵹˮ̿¯ȳۻĵ߻ˣСʱҲôչĽ
˳ţоá
ǲ֪ǲǶԱҲôá
ƺл˷䣬һűУУ
⡣
׿Ӧе洫ƺŤͷȥͼǰ͸һ޳ӰվԡͰǰհһ·ѵ
ţһ̿¯ź⣬׿ӦеӰͶ͵ֱףڵ軭Ҵ⡣
ƺĽž˵ϣšӡȴ롰࿴ۡԼվ˸֫Ӳֻᶯż
лҪ˵
磺ؽЧ裡
Уͨͨͨ


32 Գ
׿Ӧв֪ɫ, վһФԼֻ͸ӰվſòΪɻ
磿վʲôҰѷ𣿡ԡֱ̫ģ׿Ӧе͸Ц⡣
СûԹ첻ԡ, װøɾ, ԷȻҲСۻ, Ĺ۸ڣԺˮ, ȡ֮ôϴôϴֻԼݸԡء
⼸ձ, ǲԡҪ󣬵ҲˣȾһʬʵڲ̡
ɶԽͷƺЦ, Ҫԡû׼ҪԷˡ
˭֪˾أ
ƺԼĶ˰죬Ų, £, һ߳һѵǲ֪ߵСˣһû͸ôɾҲ˨ô죿
׿ӦԼϽˮ, ûûεôɵŲѵĿӡ
ƺ
Ҫ˵, лˡ
ϡﻩˮƺķ޴ɱ, ֻֻһ㣬һŽһŵسŻף鼫רעٶȼ죬û̻˶ǣٺ˼裬ʱθ͡
ƽǱִ׿Ӧе磿
Ī壬ƺļһеߵ
Ҵ걳в
ѹôԭˡ
βϴݳӣԡͰڵǸ˴˿̲Ŵƣƺе顣
аԴԳ֣ҲѪһӣԵԼһƽ෬ѹദֻ׿Ӧеϲ޼
ԽϲԽ׽ԿѾܼˣ֪ļһƫҪչܾ尾
ƺҧгݣԴ˾ǲ飬Ǵò
ûӦ׿Ӧֺ˵ѽ
ƽû˰æ㲻ϴôʲôʹңƺ
û˰Լϴ˰ﲻǸã׿Ӧ͸һ˿ɻ󣬡ϴ㲻ǻҴ걳ţεԸˣһϴʱҲ㡣
ƺסͣأ˳ֲ֡һ
׿ӦвֻСһ䣺ԸͲԸ£ʲôڡ
ƺ
ô
׿Ӧд˿̿ίӣǧЩ̣ᶨվ⵽ߣ˼˼Ҫһͷԭ̤ޡ
Ƭ̺ûˮͣˣƺһʱеţ벻ǶСˮ̫ôԡͰֲأֻԽԽȵιȥɣ
У̽غ
û˻Ӧ
ƺһٲԥƹ磬ͼ׿Ӧɢʪͷ󾱿ԡͰԵһ΢Сһԡ
УѣƺŻˣץļҡҡתͷȥҪס
ʱһʪ趹ĲͻȻӵϣհѲժˣһˮ˹ͷʪǰʪ͸ˡ
мˣ
ƺ֪Լ׽ŪһĨԡͰɵһۣûǴҪǵ㣬ϵ
ϵϵ
׿ӦͰֻ¶ӣ˫ְͰߣ°͵ϣ۾ſһŰз۵մˮ飬͸÷·ա
ЦüģһıɹС⣬ַ·Ļһ㣬̺촽ţɰĻȡ
ʲôˡ
ˣʲôаҲûˣ;ǰõͬһκФ붼¡
ƺһԵĵӣԡͰߣתȥ걳
Ӧˣ쾢ˮҪˡ׿Ӧ߶תͷؿڣ¶һƬļ
ôͶԴ걳жӣЩ궼˭ꣿʦ
ģϴһ͸ҪɱƵģȫƽѬ㵲ζء׿ӦСߡһСʱҲԷһһݳӣͻæ£֮ûܹˡòиˣȻҪúá
Էĸ磿
ţȻǽô
̧ܣ
û˿磬ƺ߬ǿʪ׿Ӧеĺ󱳣΢͹ļιǣ͹ļ׵ǣһһ£͸ǲˮ⣬ˮŵİԲȡ
׿Ӧǰ̽ſͰϣƺܣһ֧С
ﻶ죬΢Ƶɤ˻񾭣Ǽҵĳֻרעǰʱ͵һϾ
öˣˣƺʡ
Ҳô࣬ĺ˼ѹ׿Ӧбۣ
ƺЦһ˵
ޡ
У㶼ʮˣʦûŸȢףƺʣʦ̷壿
׿ӦӦʦǸʿ˼ҲϣܵŸϱôҲû˫Ŷɺ쳾˼
Ϊô˵
ʱڹסվɽͼ֮ɽȣƫо֡Ҹ¥˵Ĳ裬Ҫضˮ˵˵飬ŮЩеĵеĲŰתǧأǲŹʡ
·УžԼǹ¶һˡȥܶĵطͬķ羰ͬˣͬ£һгҲи䣬ҴһˣҲ㲻У𣿡
õͦࡣƺЦ
ô಻ңȴŬţİиϲ
Ÿ׿Ӧҡͷԣ޳ĺ
Ȳ뿪ɺ쳾ӦȢӲŶԣҲһҲһ£󲻱ôµˡ
׿Ӧ⻰ػعè磬ΪʲôҸоһ
ƺΣ˭п㡣
ȢҪǮɣʦˣǮ޻˵С׿ӦгƬ̲ŵҡҺҲûжĸŮйĸоҲһЩòģҲֻǺÿ·ֻͣûΪС
ƺͷšŲû˵ͻȻһֻ߬ס
һ̧ͷ׿ӦͻȻĿ⣬СؿĴһζ˼磬֪ǲǶ䣬԰ɣ
ǲǶ䣬Һ£ƺұ˴£ջúܣѲݺˮˮˣˣϽ
׿ӦָϹҵ·Ӹҡ
ƺѪӿȺһ̳ƻͷȡ£׿Ӧõĵط
ΪԼ֮û뵽Ͱˮһ죬׿Ӧֱվչһ
ȻǱԼ°һΣƺյòʱһĨǲСƳǸӯӯһյϸԼˮصİԲյøһͷƵƳ硣
׿Ӧпƻ벻⣬˶պСɫǲסȻ⵽һ˿ĸоļ⻮
ееЦеڵů⡣
ԽԽ̲ס׽Ū֪Լһ׽Ūúˣˣлʧ䡣
ָоʮдδֹ
׿Ӧ̿¯ߺͷԡͰ⺰磬Ҫԡ𣿽Сˮɡ
ãС˵СϪȥϪһСͷɣС
ƺе㲻Ȼš֨ѽŹŵŲ̤ڵذϣԶˡ
׿Ӧд˴Цˡ
ˣŸӣս־ᶨǻﱻ̫Ͼ¯˾žŰʮһҲضã޵òһ£߳ҲЩء
ǰԷ˵Щǳ£ϻǧ𲩼һЦΪЩͼ͵õǲȤһõǾͻ˲Ȼζ
ǧͶģǧˮһĶͻ᷽ңʧȻֻܱû˼ֵ
һĶ㷽ҡ׿Ӧţȴ룬ôϲң
ƺãһ̿¯̫ůͣŰһ󺹣¯Ż̡΢Ƣžú˳һЩ
ҿջǣһ⣬ҵСϪһȥ
Ϫˮʲôʲô컣ȫûμƺſһԡ
ʮû鰮ζһЩղס̶̼գζĶ飬ʵ̫Լ
һŲɵģͳ
ƺǲµģǻأԸرգѱһۏˮ
һǿǰһ֪Լߡϸֶжݶ֪ģƺ뵽׿ӦпܻΪԼ֣ľ񱻶۵ͱһǰۡ
ԶЩãҵߣȰӾȳʦͽȥ
ԼʣԼҪظ㡣
СϪƺɢͷҰƵһ·˿ջͷ紵ø˲١ۣһ£ͷһ¥ŽʱͷѾˡ
׿ӦпͷҲѾ룬ǰŹĳ׵ͼƺЦݣ硣
ƺֵһͷݹǲࣿⷦûУͷ𣿡
ͷˣһжá
Ǳ·ɣȥɸǻϡ
ƺԭŲһʱѾ˼Ϸðкú˯һһֵͬ齶ߣǳڱ־롣
Щ˻ϣ˳ϦദԿء
׿Ӧ⻰һ˿⣬ûʣͷá
䣬䲻һ𣬡ۡһñʱ·
ƺƿһԭʵշͻ䣬ƹˮѸټᣬжһ͸УԤʾŴ꽫
ߣǵ¹˵׿Ӧʵ
֪ò£ɵ̫¡ƺͷꣿ
Ȼǡ׿Ӧ̷ϣߣȥС£ǿջſڼ
ƺıӰް
׿Ӧʱ˲ԹɫǲǲԷһˡ˼УȻܸоƺȥһˣ˸Ƶģ飬Ҳ֪˳ȥݵϪˮˮ
ùܣƺԼȥ翴͸˲ʲô֮ͻȻǰϣ޷Щ׵ԭʲôѹﶼˡ
ߣåǺţñһϲ
ҲСүڻûԼô£ʰ㡣
ƺ֪׿ӦӲӣȻԼǶԵģǿҲĲʹ쾢ЩھΡ
ˣԼܣͷǻϣ취пıá
ڿջſڵţ׿Ӧ¶ҳ㴹Ƥˣֻ˳ֽӹϹҺãȻ
׿ӦҲһԣ˱ϢĳĬгˣһ·˽ֱߵֻŇNN
ƺĵֵܶԲס
׿ӦбŽ룺װã
˳ǣٵ˻٣С֮󣬱ʼˣһܵ÷ɿ졣
ɳؾɲԶԼų̿ɵƺ㣬׿Ӧ˵ϴǷ֮ȥɣҪգҲܵԼǿӱ޵Ļֻձܸϡ
յĻҲ̽ˣ˿Ҳ̫ʱ䡣
ȷʵӦЪ˽ߣҪȻݹ֪꣬л᲻
˻ëǸĲˡ
ƺһԼһ̾˿̾ϢУ˲
ɫƾ۶ƴʱȴٳٲ䣬ֻ¡¡ͣ˽ꡣ
׿Ӧиоƺһ󺹣󱳳ģɵ磬ҪһԦ
ƺͷ˿죺£ѣҲۡ
׿ӦҲûԹԵһ顣
ԼĪʱӿջӦʱҲ˺ʱ
ƺ㿴ǰ߲ԶǷҵɽһֱδػǳģƾ¶δӦȥ˻ǱԼ鷳ĺá
һɽС·رһ֦״£űըѵһҪ˵ĸ俪
ƺЩ񲻶ܾ÷·ʲôҪƵģ˾裬ȫעǰ·˫ߵĶ
η紵Ҷɳɳ죬󣬶ŵɫҲסɽ䲻һƬҲʵʲôĿϵĸоǸأɵһ㡣
׿Ӧһְסļ磬Ұ⶯
ƺͷš
սսһ·ҹɽͷҲ֪Ƿ绹ʲôͷϵ֦ͻȻ˼ΣԶһ磬ɽּյ硣
Ƭ̵Уƺǰһۣܵű㿴ӰվǰԶ
лҪ˵
磺һ걳Ĺˡ
УЦ˼ͦࡣ
а걳ʵԭģҲú磬غװᱣ־ʲôģѾɹŭС
ڲԶĽҪΪװḶ~


33 ս
ƺͣ, ʱҲʱֹϢΧҶҡεһƬס
׿Ӧ֪Ե޹ͣǷʲôѰ֮, û, ۾, Ϣ׽Χ졣
ƺǰԶһڣԽԽʧ, üֱҪ˻þϽۡ
һ̣˱Ʒ, һСġ˲Ծͬʱ䳤ֱ̧סԷһ
顱һ, ԷСƺײ϶ԷУҹлĽ
׿ӦԷϮʱ, ͬҲѾƺ, бҲһ
ǰҹ޹⣬ɫҲ˿һĻȣ׿Ӧ, ˺󱳼ϣܹ, ȴǽжԷЩǰ
ƺغ󣬱Ͽȥ, еУ
׿ӦһҲ̧͵Ϯ˽棬ͬʱû£˺Լ
ƺģר빥˲ͬʱϸΧж϶Է׼ˡ
˿̺ڵϹǿ͵Ϯߣ͵Ϯ߶ǵĹ·ȻҲ˸ģҲǸԷƾУ·硣
ͷһƬ׹⣬ƺۣҲơ
Ϯ߾ֻˣнΪź£ڰȻԷ
Ҳ֪˴ӺʱͿʼ׺ǣ𿴹һ㣬׷ٵı쵹
ȻΪƫƫҪǶԴѵͷģ
׿Ӧгֽ͵Ϯֹ߲Ȼõ˳ֻ֣ǳߣճڶԷĵϣһ㡰ಡһ˵ĵ֡
Է˼Ҫʰ׿ӦбڿԾ˫һȣϸ߿գһ¾ֱ͵Ϯߴ˹ȥ
ƺһ߸Լǰһ߷Ĺ׿ӦǱߵĶ
Żҹյ磬ԷǷɣɫƮҡ˵׿ȻƮƮɣɹ˹ǡ
йȻù
׿ӦһΪڵʰֻܻæָ̧񵲣е泤ػһ˳Ħ
׿ӦоԾڵϣʱ̻ӵ˲Ծһţݺ˼ͷ߷ɳȥһɶԶ
ٴףֻβٸɴײ꣬׷£Ƭɽ˲䱻һƬĻ֣Χʲôȥ
ҹɫԱļˣ˿Щҵۡ
ƺս뾡ǰ鷳ۣȻǿƣԷҪȥʲôٳʽټ죬öԷм֮ڽڰˡ
˭ƺ߿ʣкĿģ
Ǻ˲ֻƴסƺĵ
һߣ׿ӦѾռϷ磬Էжལ¿ѪۣεѪڵϣ۵ˮȾ˺ɫ
ϧ˿
׿ӦеδɱУҲȻ˺üҲû˵ԷҪ
˭֪˲飬ѪɺӣҪӵҲ֪ǲʲô£һĲģ
׿ӦΣĨĨϵˮλ̨⵽Ϊ£
ԷԵŵأϢƬ̣׿ӦΪѾ֧ʱٴλӵ˹
Ȼֻ˵һǸˡ׿Ӧ˸ٴɵؽ˵ĵɣһ¡
ҲûֱԷͱ˸Դ
磬粻ϣ˸İ׹⽫ǺĿɿڴʹ֮ɫ˸˫סأ鼫Ϊ
׿ӦЩ̿͡һ죬˳ѪѣЩһѾ
ƺǱߣ͵ϮĺҲ֧һûվȣر㱻һһɣ۵һڵϡ
˭ģƺõ˵ɫʵ
ڵֻ˵һԡ
׿Ӧлʪ͸ȫ·ϣҲǺòǱߵƺߣᡰߡһ˵ˡ
ƺ̧һӣৡһǺĨ˺
˿껹£ɢ˲٣ɽּԼ͸һ¹ƺϣӳһĨ塣
׿Ӧвɵ
ƺűȥ˵Ķְ°˸ɾҲûʲôŻͷ׿Ӧһۡ
׿ӦĲʲô⣬°ͳ岻ԶŵǸ˵㣬ʵǸ𣿡
Ӧûһ
ƺŵȥ׿Ӧսʣ
һϢڵϣЩ챻ɵزһߣ˽Ų۾΢΢һ졣
˭ģƺǰ۰ױˮ÷죬ͬӵĶһգǺˣģ͸ĵᣬֻһλᣬ˵
׿Ӧվ󣬿񣬵㹻䡣
ԼǱʵˣƺǰŲһ˲
ѹأɢʵ̫ˡ
Ǻ촽鶯૷죬ϸţȴ˵ʲô
ƺһְס߼˿ڣ͵۵ˡش
ⲻͦ𣿡֣Ͻ˵ˮϵѪ
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׿ӦҲ£˵ʲô˭֪ǰһƺֽһ
硭׿Ӧвۣƺ˫üҪ˵ˣΪʲôɱ
ƺֽͬԾһ񣺡ͷ֪ˣṩ˭ġ
˷лҪ˵Ϊβһõأ
ʱ˵ģʲôû˾Ը ƺվ⣬סɾǲͷԷ͸¶ģ𣿡
׿Ӧ㶵ؿ֪˵ʲôá
ƺתǼվŵȥ˳ŷƮ߰ɣҵط
ľʶ㣬ղŴûܣ֮صش¿Ұݡ
ƺǣͷ㷭׿ӦȻ˹ԾɫƮûػƵġ
֣Ҫæ
á׿Ӧһ飬ع
ƺһǣסһǰ۶ȥ
˶ʪ͸·ϼ׿Ӧпƺĺ󱳱־룬ʪĺǰأ͸£Ρ
ƺΪ޷Գֵ㺶ᣬΪԼԶ׿Ӧ˺öԷöѹĿڷзӯ죬·˺úø·Ǳ͵Ϯܱ꣬¡¡常ըףƳ˱Űһ档
˵ģֵֻܺͬʱŻαӡ
ʱƺԼҲ㲻ǶԵʱթƻ̵Ǹ졢ذͬ۵Ǹ˲
ֶǲɻȱġ
׿Ӧǰ벩ȡԷøжαװɡ
Լ߻αװ
ҪǸǰ˵ôѪȣܻչһ׿Ӧеĸܡ
Ǵһ˿Իٵ׿ӦпŰһ棬ʵһ档
˼ԼˣԼҲͲĴˡ
̸ʲô˵ʲôЩǰ¡ңЩ̫ƽ¡ڵʲôϵ
ֻһѪծѪĻѣôй
ƺķҵغ˼룬׿ӦҲһ·޻ѭɽ·£궼Ҫͣ˵ʱҵһɽ
׿ӦԸȥ񣬿ɸո¹꣬ϵ֦ʪģ¸㲻šҲû취ֻܺұһȥƺûа취
ȷʵа취ٴҲǰ裬·һСͭһСƿ
׿ӦСƿеζüͣ
šƺͷͭεĸǴ򿪣¶ڲοյĽṹ˳͵Ҳ常룬װǻͻһȼϣȼ֮ɳǳŶҹ׷У¶Ǽҳ㷹ҪļܣҰޣܶʱҪźš
׿ӦаƺָӣȽ֦ϵˮɣű㽫СƿеĻȵ棬֦һѡ
ƺͭڲ룬ôʯǣͭʮֻǽӴһǣ㡰䡱ȼܿҲ֦ϵĻ͡
͵ǰ֦ȿٵŶ԰ɡ׿ӦжССĻ棬ǰƻҩҲ˽⡣
ⲻҪЩ常ȷʵⷽҲ㾫ͨӦñȲʦ˵׵ĶƺᲦŻѣ常ǰ˵ЩⲻˣЩˮĲʡ
ˮЯҲǳذɣԾɺʵ֡
ƺЦЦǲйϣȻ󡣡
ɽֻǶڶڣ˿̻Ѿţ͵Ȼƴÿ·
ƺͷɽ˿𵶣ȥ̽̽
׿ӦвŲߵӦš
Ƭ̺󣬶ﴫ죬ͷƺϻظĿľ﷢ֵģ
ɽͷͨͷͨϿľǱ߶ڴƺһԣõľƬͶС
ǻ˸ȼϣ䡱һȼôˣɫó죬׿Ӧһμƺ˱ܣƺҿѤɫ
˵۾Ҳոлģһ˿־塣
лҪ˵
磺ҵ̫ҡ
УҿǷʰ


34 ͭ
׿Ӧٴһ˿ɻ󡪡»
𹻴, ·ɡ
ɽխƺͳǽ̶ڶڣ˹˽ȥóʪ·, ȫǸϸ, 紵ƮƮҡҡ, һΪ
ƺ׳ಲ, ׿Ӧų£ôҲѧ, ⵽
ƺ˵ʲãа, Լϸ·
鶼ô׿Ӧø죬ڶڹ·
ڲ, ·Ҳֻһһ
Լ۱ƺǼɫѹһ, ׿Ӧе޶һ컵ѸٰĿ·ƿת·ϡ
֮ǰҲûƺ, ǴǱЩİ̺𺳣˿, ׿Ӧȴ˵пͷ
濴ȥƺؿڹ, ׳˿ɼխֱۼᡢʵУһӳƤĹ󣬿˺ִ
׿Ӧӵڻеĸоſдů£רĽྻϢǱ̫ɹһ֮ζ˰ģʹ˳С
һ˼룬ĳբţ׿ӦͻȻǡƺתæ۾εֱľһ
Ҳ֪ǲǻ̫ȣڸоԼҲƵģŲŲ
ƺüһۣѵ̫ԶС·˵
Ŷ׿ӦкѴ˴գ뷴˿ԷҲҲ޿ˡ
ֻĳʣȣϥǣҡҷĻ棬ޱ״ĸոӿǹ˼
ƺԼѽԶʯ̨ϣ׿Ӧ֮˶Զľ룬ʯڱĿ
һʱ޻ůڵĻ⿾յǲľ񷢳ž죬ɢ˹ΣƬ̰Ļᡣ
ƺѱߴOO@@֪׿ӦжˣԼҪٹעԷԲûֻۣǿעһС
˲֪ãͻȻһůĲͷϣһۣԭԼ£ָֻ°ڻһ㳱ӦǸոտɡ
ƺ׿ӦУŲһʯͷҲѵûš
ԭո׿Ӧڰ·
ƺһů·л
ͭò˰ɣڣʵ̫һ˯˱ţҪ۰ˣ׿Ӧûһ֦ȼŵͭ򣬡ôѽ
˸ɲûͭ򣬻Ҳ㹻·ȡůƺ룬ȥ֦ͭȡԱߵһӣɳһڻˣ֮ѸӿۺþС
׿ӦеͷǷ㡣
£Щ䲻ۣϸսʱҪáǱǸʤһҲЩĹ͡ƺ۱ϥ֦ڵϺһ׿ӦУ˯һѷ硣
ðҲɣڻƲˡ
׿Ӧлһڣ;òԣɰͰ͵ؽͣҵ˼ǣƲǱ䣬ǿһ㡣
ƺŤͷؿеë
ϸ緢ȻѾӸոǾ仰дʲô
Ҳˣ˯ˡ׿Ӧʯϣ˫ֱؿڣͷһһգ׼˯ݡ
һƺλԷӦڻһߣһʯڡ
׿Ӧŵĸոշ£ƺͻȻڣҲ»𡣡
⻰һ׿Ӧе۾ৡԽ⣬ŶӰĿЩģ
ֻǾֹܴۡƺͷŵһ֦常졣
׿ӦʶϢƺúһ㶼Ӱ쵽Է
ƺۣ常һ˻常Ϊ˾ңѡԱЩ׽ըʱģ塣
ֻǵû죬ϼ·常ѪȾƵġ
һûһ̸常ôΪҲǰյĴпסһǵԼҪΪζս
˶٣ֵ常ҶɽƽʤƽҰȴƽҰ˹¶ΣҶҵ߱ۡ
򵥣̹׵Ϊֹ˵䣬ƺû˵ȥ
׿ӦؿĲδһӰŻˣͲ֪˵ʲôźã·һ䣬ͱһ
֮׿ӦвŵһΪǰѩ޵ģ㡣
ƺۿ˿л
׿ӦҲûǵ׶ʲôβеĻٿƺոյʹۡ
˻⣺ϮЩ֡û´ĻӦĳ׵£Ȼڷɳصж˶Էߣĳײǰ
ĳ׷Ϥ㣬ͨһ£ҲӦ֪ҵĹ򲻲ʹɱֵĻֻɱֻ֣ǴΪʲôʼղڣҲòƴ
ƺĳô޷ǻҲ³˭ֱӴ֪ȻǲŵģԷǵҪһĺϷǱұƵòòڲ˵Ƶġ
㡭
ԣȻѭҪһʣɲ˵ʲôնţûģ˶ϡƺŻ׿Ӧ͵ףĳ׿İţ˳Ҵ۸Ŀľߵһ͹߼档ԣɱңֻ
Ҹֱ̫ӣΪӰ쵽ߵĲֻ֣ܸ֮£Ϊ˲β͸β͸¶ҲΣҲҪⱻǣűߡ
ƺթԼý꣬Էĸײš
еټʵʵһСľ˶Էĵ׿Ӧ˼Ǳ㲻ˣǲԼģܻߵβ͡
ƺ۾䣬ƺЦˣвûЦ⣺˵ˣץʱ˯һ
׿ӦԱۣЪϢɫ΢ʱʰ˿ɵ·ȥ
ΪǼ·ɸϣƺȴһΣҵҹɱ˵ˡ
ɽ·ߣҹһ꣬ŵ٣ŸػûײһĻʬԭأû˶
ƺҹ߰꣬ʲôܻ©ܻβ鿴
׿ӦȥǷֵܼңƺҲϲһ飬ٿһ飬Ȼϸ
ôʱʱֻһΣҲֻҵʲôʲôˡƺһʬǰõ˵·鿴׿Ӧзʬ壬û뵽ԷԸµسһ˹ȥ
׿Ӧѧýսĺ˵ʬ壬ֻʬˮݵø׷ףģǿɲ
üȥǰĿרעڱĵط°ְʬתȥطи
磡
ƺûз֣һŽʬߵ£·ǺãȻ׿Ӧȥ
ʲôˣ
׿ӦоһСݵǰǿͭ
ƺӹͭϸ꣬һʱʲô
·ʱͭ˵ϣҹɫ̫ͭҲɫģǲû֡׿Ӧм϶ϴģҪȻö˶һɽ·ϣôⶫǹ˰˸ǷӵĲϣ϶߹ٵСԲԣ
öͭȥƽƽ棬Լ糤ҲװõĸŽָͨŵĶӣƺֻģе졣
ԽֿѰĶԽ˷
׿ӦûõӦӣ磬ô
㶼˵òˣûбĿ
ƺͭսٴϹҵСֽʬ巭һ飬ûټ㽫ʬߵ·ߣ׿Ӧȥ
ûôͣţżЪϢҲ·̯棬СƬ̣˷糾ͣܿϵɡ
λڴ׹в滷ɽһˮǱɽΧֻһڴĳպӣһ˴ȻĶɿڣĿ̡
ڳⱻɽΧǵ·رխһ˶٣ֻҪ·ţǰֳһֱĴ·ƥ´ࡣ
·Ǵµķ̣УĦ࣬ڶСһԴǡġͨˡʮȻʡ˼
׿ӦĳͣȻǱˣܶҲһ֪⣬δƺǿð򵼡
ǣڿĴ·ϣ߱ġƺһ׿ӦеĽܣһɨĿн־
ΪԭũЩΧɽḻǣټǿպӵȻɿڣǿóҲӪʮַ١׿Ӧеڿڶ࣬ջ̵ľƹݡķԺҲܶ࣬ϻ֡
ƺ⻰ô˵ﲻһԴѡ˻˱ȻǮĴˣ»¶ˡ
ûȷʵ̫ƽ׿Ӧеµ˾ռߣǶǮܹ߻ƣҲԸЩˣǮơЩ˶Ըάֱϵİ۳Ի¸ԵҲס
ǱȻȻֵкС
ƺһմӾƹӣһ̴ܴĴԱ컯ձȵģӵұһһŮӣشҡڶ˿ֹǷ塣
·ƺɼֲ֣û˶࿴һۡ
׿Ӧע⵽ƺĿ⣬͵ǡˮˣڴϴ巳ϰҪӻݣ޿֣˻¾ܣƽҲôԸǣȻǶ㣬ǿɾˡ
ѳ˵ġˮƺƿĿ⣬˵ǰҪۺڵúܣֻԲ£ëʲôһʡ
ţҲ֪ܰѿˣ˹ϵͱȥǮǰֻѪ۾ûġ׿ӦЦһΪʵ۵Ǯ٣֮νȨ㳯Ұ˭ҶȵŴһɳûѪȻ
ƺûٸҲţ£־ڱ߹أԲ˽²๡
׿ӦпһۣͻȻʵ磬Ϊĳ͢㲻ÿûô
ƺ⻰վסҲΪ͢ΪǴװա
һ㣬Ŭŵİǡ
׿ӦпĿ⣬ʱڣԼǻʵʧʣ·ƺ˵˳͢߹ƵģæǸҲǸ˼
ʵΪ͢ΪգӦһġֻϧ̫͢ʧƺȺɫȻϻʵҲҪ̱ˣϣδ¾ܺúⸯõĳ١Уطף˸˾ְá
ȥƴģԼһС񣬳ߴ֮δȴؽϣ֮£ԼСˡ
׿Ӧת˻⣺ôϵǣ
ƺŵСͳѰӰת˼ȦȴԲϵָ˿ûʯһڳԵı︽¼ǺšȴȥĿջ
Ŀջȸ¥ȡʫ֮ʫȷʵ
¥λڳҪż־¥ϵĶܣɷΰߵǰһⲻǿջ¥¥пԺӣԺһȦͷҲ֮ࡣ
¥һǽţ˰֮뷱ظ
ƺ׿ӦУǽһȦܿҵµļǺţ˳żǺŷһСգԽԽƫʼûмټǼǺȴβȻʧ
ɻ֮ʱһ߰ĺͯǺ棬һ˫Ѵۺشǡ
ƺڳһɷףСʲô
ͯڵϣƬһͬļǺţһ𣿡
׿ӦɫһݣΪλử
ңô򵥣۾ͻˡͯߵƺǰӻͳСݸϴϵ
ƺӹͫȻһɫؿ׿ӦУģ
лҪ˵
Уۣ
磺ӣõϱַġ
˹ά˹ͺ~
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35 
 
׿Ӧƺһ, ֻһƤƵɫСҲָô
һ˫ɵúܣƽעⱣĵطⶫЯ, ᶪƺü, Ǻͯ, ǰ˲ˣ˭ģ˭ģ˭˵Ȼ
ȭȭͷںͯǰ˻, ʾв
ͯ˿𣬻ΪƲƲ죬°ͳô, ȴһ˵ˣҾʹƾʲôӦ㰴ҵҪǣ
˻С, վŲŸߣҸҺ᣿ƺֲһСġСѾǡĥź, 㲻˵еǰ취˵
ͯջض, һ޴İۣȸͷбԼ˰
ƺסСĺ죬ҧгݣƲԳԷƣ, ȡֵҪ󡣡
л۸СǺӱƺźģ泯ץ, צţ޷Сڹꡣ
׿Ӧʵڿȥ, ˿ûӴֶôҰֱһѰСƨɱڻʲôʲ
ƺȷʵ֪ôԸСֲֳܱﻹ䲻ôŴģ㿴ĵ£
Сƺԣһ㶼ˣ
ǧ˿ԼǸ䣬öϾøֺͯ򽻵
׿ӦбǺӣ߸磬ʲô֣
գգ۾ҽ
ƺߡһ
֪㣬һҪ֡
Ҵ˰ֵ°ˣָҶƺЦǵҲģץ㵱ʣ
Ȼǲµġ
׿ӦֹⲻκʵĶԻôܸܲңҴ˭ǸĸʦǵѴȥĶˣ
ƫͷһÿ磬ʻɲƽ
Ҫô㹫ƽ
ҲҪѽһʻһʡ
ҽ׿ӦУС
ƺ۾һɣ
죺ҵɲʲô⣬ҪԸǾ㡣
׿Ӧпƺһźڳɹ׵ǿסЦʵܸܲңҴ˰ǵѴȥĶˣ
Ӧи磬㳤ÿҾ˾˻ÿϸϸ§Ĳһڣĵġ
׿ӦĿ࣬ƺĿɿڴ
ⳤһǸʶôףƺ˾ǺӵС裬أ˵
ֱ׳ҺӦи綼ӣֲᡮŮܲסкβɣ
ƺˣ˵Ϸˣӿ϶ʲô˼ҳҶشղŵ⣡
úܣ˵ˮ©ڻر⣬ȷʵܰ⺢ӵͨˣؼгӦǸ
˵ʽ˻ͣٲٵĳôСĺӹҤӵҲ࣬Сжǿ³ģĿȾѧЩٲΰĺΪͻá
һĺΪﶼ˵ȴ黰˾ù졣
ٿţ䲻޳УҲǴֲ£ȻǼҵʵ򳤱˲̫ƽĵطܣлԼı£ڰ档
ƺתת飬βɨУ˴ΣǱڰȻӽ¶ţһὫ˵
ʱ׿Ӧлû㲻˵һʻһôشҵ⣬Ҳһʡ
룺Ǻãʡʣһʡ
׿Ӧװã㹫ƽˣôߡ
Ҫ˵£洦ʵģЩ£ȻһŻ㡣
аɣʡ׿ӦҲеͷۣûôѸĺӡ
Ŵ۾Ӧи磬ûˣ
׿ӦдƤ۽ɨƺһۣ˱վһԣûֹ˼ɫζ
죬ûС
̫ǳģ۾ЦСϲʲôˣƩ˵ÿģ˵ģᳪģửдֵģ
׿ӦУ
ƺ⣬ĵСǳСֲһҼҵģı׼
׿ӦеĶ˵ѽ
׿Ӧ̾˿ЩȻãҪԵ
ҾͷҾ˾ǷԲƯˣ˭˶˵Ե˵֣һϲ
ƺЦ˰˾˵ýˣô˻ӭôСƨˣ
ĵɨһۣһô
ǧըС
׿Ӧε˾˶ӣ񲻺ϡ
뵽ƺǹԶ̬ȣصǿˡ񲻺ϡĸ֡
ƺ⻰Ȼ˼۲
һû桱ӣʲôͶϱãϲҾ˾˵ҲӣҾһԡ
ƺϻ˵ˡ
һεı飺⵱ģƢôôꣿ
׿Ӧһĵ⺢ô
תһ룬类°ȥʱʲô
ƺźۼ죬Ѹ˵ʾĳ˷ϣЦһͯ浱Լǽô㰮ôô룬ǿɲ𡣡
ҲΪ⣺·Ʒ֮ˣƭ˭ǱץֵܣһǾ͹´̽ȴֲͨƤûģƤƦåò٣ǵһǵݣôҲνⲢҪɣʲô˶һɵĹرɡ
ƺ׿ӦжһۣԼͬĵһǾ˸ˣ
ϸ򽻵ˣ־ڱ߹ػоʵ̫ԶһСģڽëԼ¶ˣȷʵʧߣ
ҲԻ⺢ӵľ˾˻߼ˣɵġءƶߣػߡ
Ȼˣͨǣҵڡ
˲˵ףˣղŲһ⡣
׿Ӧпƺһۣƺ΢΢ʾ⣬תͷˡֵ֤¿ڣҲ̸ˣôƫˡУǵޡСӲͨˣ˵ϵ
ƺļƺм棬׿ӦеĲӣ㣬߰Ӧи磬Ҵ㵽棬˵ɵúúøҡ
ƺ˱ۣСһٵŭǿѹȥһ׿Ӧеĸ첲СֶôŲֲۣûȣԼߡ
ָָڵƥҪ
ǣ׿Ӧǣƺˮظ׿Ӧߣһ𡭡֡
ظ׿ӦнǸ伫Ⱦжãƺͨϵδ˸
׿Ӧһûһţͼ˵㡣Сʵ̫飬·ʼиұţֻҪܻ˵©⣬תƻ⣬κλᡣ
ƺԹۣ֮⣬һ˿ϧ֮ġ޻ûȻɣ۲ҲǿǸŵĺӡ
ɳšˣôкá
һһ߹۲·˱飬뿴˭ʶҲ˳ϣСӵݡ
˭֪ӭ˶ǶӶĿбӵش߾뻮һͬһ㡣
Ҫ˵С˵ȷʵҲ֣ƺ⺢Ӱװ鶹ݰףѴˣüһǶĿƯôĪ磬ҲʹӴŴֳܷǸͯ
ôÿĺӣڸͷУȻû˶࿴һۣ
ʵ̫Ѱˡ
·˷Ӧ˵Ҷʶ
ѹһ·δʲôڰбС޿֣
ƺɫؿһۣײ߿СһЦ˵ĻȴǷ򣺡
һеôſɰˣ׿Ӧƺı飬̲ס˹ǡ
ƺ۽ǳһ飬漴һζЦشӦ
һ㶣û뵽˻ͦ˵
㲻˵ǺôƺƤЦⲻЦ֪ж಻Ǻ⡣
ԺóԵģв
ƺл³ӣ
ٺٵЦЦû˵ʲô
׿Ӧе˵ƺĸ첲ʣʲô㣿
ʲô㣿ƺۣȺߡһν֣
һȦҲðӵĵ
һֱûǵץ˼ˣ¶˵ףȻֻĶ˵㡢үˣڲ֪ĵطֻǰһЩԭû취ţѰӰҲҲǵټ
ȻôۣתһȦҲöڰ˿Լ׿ӦУϵ
ŻԸϸһѺ֣ǿеͷߣǶɵϤ̶Ȼ׿ӦУⶼܳԱ֮һøСĲŶԡ
׿Ӧͷ˿̲סȰ޳ԹҲûԵ£ֻ̽ЩϢҴ˳úģǣҲǾΪ
ֲǾӣСһЦҪӦҾ˾ףҾʹȥ
׿ӦҲĪԼѵдš䡱֣ôһСſۣͷ
ҲѰͯô˵˭֪ǲǴű⡣
˼£Ҳ֪ʲôĿģ˵ԼƺҲд㣬СΪϡ
Ȼ˾ˣסҲ
˾Ҫ֪ڽˣȣƺƮ˹ҪԼҲˣǿҡȣǸǿˣ
дʵҾϲӦи磬Ҿ˸ܵϲģҾ˾˿϶ϲˣҰӦи£Ǹʲô磬Σ
Уƺ׿Ӧλá
ŴչƺһüҪִС𣿡
Ӷ㶯֡ƺϵˣô˵ʹ˼ҵԸССĺôһ
ЦЦߣôɰĶô
Ҫ
ƺһߣһߺݺݵع׿Ӧһۣ·˵ôôˡ
׿ӦвŲף¶ԼĴǻ˸ۡ
СҶ
ͻȻôһ׿Ӧеʱס˭֪С
ϵ˿Ц̣ɰͰ͵һ䣺군
ͬʱ󿴣ƺ׿ӦУ˿ҲѭĿȥֻԶһ˳
˶ʮ꣬ŰۣòӢüޣһ˫һԴ飬ʣ˫΢ϹŵЦ⣬ȥŵʣȴּ
Ѱ˼ҵĹһ㣬һȣһ΢紵ʹ߼Ƿɣɣֻһƴ绺Ʈ
ô˶ڽߣ˿ڷҲ˸ҿֻƺ׿Ӧһɻضȷʵе졣
˶Ӷֱߵǰ죬ô
˵ߣϻ΢Цģ죬˪һ㣬³һ䣺˾ˡ

죬˾˱С־ٵһз£֪ʱҲʲôýԹԴ
׿Ӧˤţһȥ˼˼һѣ˼ҳӣԼҲùָ档
ԭǾ䡰СҶе׿Ӧû뵽Ѱȴġ
УȻҪ䡱ľ˾ˣ͹۶ԣԷÿС˵٣ͳ¶˿űʾԵ
׿Ӧжһֱܾʶ
ӲûʲôòС־Ҫߣȫûиƺ׿Ӧдк˼
۵һƺĵʣ䵶˰޳Ĳλֵܣûô¶ġ
˭֪δ䣬վŴͬĺӣиɫҲȫʣǼΧס
лҪ˵
ҿ̫ϲˡ
Ԥ棺кܶ½ɫ~


36 
ոտӢ, ʲּ׿Ӧж񶼲תһתģóƵģƺһ, ټ˺ÿÿ, ȴʵ̫Ŀ, пץĻʹ˰Ļɸߡ
·̬, ϰ֮ˣ˾Ȼסʲôֶ, ʿ
ѰѰеľ˾˵ȻҪץúʡ
ֻû뵽޿ֵԭ, ﵽǵĴ֣
˿̳뽩֣ɹŵЦƺȴǱ, Ųһİ
Żˣĺ˾, Сȭͷƺ󺰣ѵÿÿ
ƺȻϸϸλ˾, ˶˵Ƶ, ·һĽ
ΧһΧ׿ӦеĽҲ, ˿̾ػܡ
ƺˣסӦи磬ǱҾ˾˺òãṦġ
׿ӦֻǴۿһۣĿԾƻǰϣΪȡ
ǡлú˵𣿺αضǹͷ㿴Ҿ˾˰һϲģ
⻰һλ˾Ǿöˣ¸ƺŵ޿̵
Ϊƴ׿ӦеһŰƵСͨ죺Ӧи磬ȰȰұ˵Ҿ˾ˣ
׿Ӧ룬ŤͷӣĿһֹ
ƺһ˵;ñŤһĴԶ㣬ҲյǺúġ
һۣûʲôҪġ
˼ֱβƺģ˿Ҳɽ
ֵܱץˣܵи˵ɣתת棬ǲԶЩǷһ⣬֪ʲôеģҲˣֵҲܳ⣬ǵôſϷˣ̸̸ô
ƫأӹһЦ۲ƺϹι˿Цݸʲô˿û˹ϵԵа
ƺɫؿĵѲȻǴ˾ѧģ˲Ṧȴλ׿Ȼе
ʱ׿ӦͻȻջؽʣתӹ
ƺ
ӿƣһλˡ׿ӦпŶԷɫȻ֪
ϣʡʡһװɣ⻰ûá
׿ӦвΪ⣺ʸ£õϣɷǡ˼
ûӿڣıһ
׿ӦпŶԷûע⵽ƺһǲ׽Сһ˲©
ֹѵǰʶʶӦòǽЩĽ飬ǻӾȳ֮ǰҪѲСģǰɵҲ˵ͨˡ
ֻһСộĪǰʲô֦
֦йϵɣȻΪҪץ磿
΢΢һĨɻɫֶָƿƺĵ桪˼Ҿûƺвߵ׿Ӧнǰ΢΢۾ŵ
鲻ǽţС
׿ӦжüϸƬ̺̽ʵǷϣ
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书ƺǲҪǰȴ׿Ӧֹ
˵ӣ˾ˣӦи粻ǻˡ
ҲʶʲôӦеġü·˱˪òˣε֪Ϊζ˵
׿Ӧд˿ЦȻϵýСӦСģӦϵһССҶģ԰ɣСϸ硣
ƺʵ̫ǣƺüΪʣӵȴͻȻŭתϲ΢΢ǣЦɴһ䣺СҶ
ز죺ӦиҲССҶ𣿸һǹҵġҡ𣿡
ԣָȡЦӯӯ˵Ŀⲻ뿪׿Ӧе
ƺһĵʲô飿ôû
׿ӦдһʣΪʲôҵ֣
ϴְķЦΪʶ˵УãܴԷӳȥ
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ɫȻһ˲ָܿģɡ
ƺԱߡȿȡͼ׿ӦУԼء
׿ӦеӦŤͷ磬㻹ǲǵҸ˵ʦ죬ԭҪȥԷģǸԶССϸ硣
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ƺǣɫظ׿Ӧк󣬿ĵͶӣʵˬ
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˵£ҲţȻҪƾǾ͵ðѸ̵浽λĺϣٴϵ״ҲǺ档
˵ʵཻʱ䲢ʱϸձתԷҲͼ£ܿԶ׿ӦкͯʱĽ˼һ֮ߵﶼţղձĽǿҲΧת
ƫ׿ӦкͶԵ˽һ档ǻ׿ӦһҪýԼٱ۸㾭ָ̣㡣
ҲվˮױСűϲʦˣ˳ֽ˳ȥ
⣬ϲЦˣô
ƨһʼϣ볪ʱͻȻɤͲܳˡ׿ӦпϣǻһֱûɤΪҩ
ţ˼꣬ͣˡϵв˳к˸ϣһûЩۿɿڣֲ˭Ը࿴һأֻԼı·
˵·׿ӦкȻʵСϸ磬ɣԺΪû
ϿһۣУҲô
Ȼᣡ׿Ӧ̵ţֻ۰ˡ
Ҳѹƺ뷨΢΢ЦֻǴӱѹģѹ˵ġ˵ɼΣ˵ķ֮أ
׿Ӧ룺٣
ϵͷҿġ
лҪ˵
ǮƣлǾѡ
磺ᣬǱ˵
У˵Ҫ־š


37 լ
׿ӦвȻ, ոǱΧƣҲܲµڵϽȣ϶ȨǮ֣ûϵǡ١ΪС
١ʱȽϸ, С, Ҳвټ, ܸԴ
Ƥ⣬滹иģĶķ, ϼŵ淨ﶼУҲǮ
Щ¾, ٻЩΪŵıݣ˼ţÿҲЩݳ˵ʱͣҲѡ, ûںط治档
ٴųͼ۸˵൱ġ
Ϊĸ٣дЩ, ǽçǸҵ̳а, ˼һñء
˵ӣĪС, ̫үıǾͲòЩ, ǵĹ˵
˱ͨƦå΢ôһ㣬Ǯһ׬, ̫үҲûôί
Ͽ׿Ӧеı飬֪ٵ˽ⲻ٣ݸһЦҲûͣǵֻ֪СǧҡϡģճУǹʾɣôʾɣԸոûϳ֮ǰֽˡ
ҶζϤ˲٣ֵ֪Ĳ࣬д󲿷ֶ˳ˡ
֮飬뿪Էͷһ꣬Ҳֻ֮񡣡׿ӦеֻϧÿɶǴҴȥҪȻǿطˡ
򴽣Ц
׿Ӧµʵ١ȡúرǰ˵ʱڲͬЩʲô¥ʲôԷҪǿˡô뵽ģ
˾·һ꺣ж仨֦ͷ䣬ǡ÷ɵϷϣȫȻ֪
׿Ӧбժȴձĵ׺øãƻַָ¡
ںƺˣԼΪǶҩһʱζӳ¡
ȫûп飬ϲؽе㿴Ҿ˾˺Ӧи䣡
ƺ㬣㶮ʲôа䣿
ϲδʶ׿ӦеĶƬ̺ŵǵ֮ǰ㱳ġ˼ô
Ȼǵá׿Ӧ룬ͻȻףЦԭˡ
ϵʫ¬дף̸׿ӦС˵ԼϲұԴΪ÷㣬˼һǡ˼һҹ÷ǰǾ
ʱСҶСϸʲôãȻѶԷ̵Ķù죬룬һ䡰٣Ҿ֪Ӧ
뵽һ䣬ʵ֡
ü룬һĶϾĶϾǧЦЦ㿴ˣЦ
׿Ӧʱٲ£ͼǵʫʱգĵٿȻһʵСϸ磬ʫǲģ
Ȼô¶ʫΪ
ôȥˣڵǣ֮һ֣Ȼ
ʲôˣֻرϲװˡߵһԺſڣͣ½Ų˸롱ƣǺˡ
ϴ󺰣壬ǻ쿪ţ
š֨ѽӦһʮļūӭ˳ڵغˡСүˣӴп͵
ϵͷţԸӶˣҹʽӷϴ
һӦţһ߽ƺ˽źǣȥ
ţһӣǷҪһ̲ſ
ƺͷһۣɱˤˣ
İɰ
СԽԽ˳죬ƺΣԼҲӦԽԽȻ
һ׿ӦкѾߵԶˣƺϽϣͬʱլԺ
ǫơᡱʵǫ飬լǽԺ̫ƺͨ㲻ýȥ·
ҲϺסӶ˶һ㣬լԺסһٻıھס⼸ˣҲʵ̫˷ˣش󲿷ַ䶼ţϲô
Ҳ֪᲻ᱻ
ðôլԺΪ˹ʲ󣬺ý˲֪סļ䡪ͷҪú˿϶
ҲûǹԼĴլԺֱ쵽ãȻۣǴƺ׿ӦȥͷԺ󹲽š
ƺл׿ӦУҲûһʱ˴ظȥͷǴ˼һƫԺ
ԺӴƯһſͷ룬ΪľҲ֪Ļ⣬׿Ӧаȵһ䣬ƺβһ䡣
Ȼмֻ˼䷿ಢԶôǲе֣
ƺֱӿۣΪ䷿ţ
֣ػո˷Ը˵׿±ƣ԰ŵͷ䣬Ϣʱ³͸ŵͷˡ
ܵƺЩĵǿҺͰжԾסҪͬǺ⣿
ǻֻ˿λͺá
ƺһ䣺úܣ
ζ׿ӦиѬˣˣӻסԱǼɣûô
ֹͷؼʱ˸ϵƵģߴû꣬ڳĬˡ
۵湫ǵ⣬ûֱӽȥͿԣһСİ͹ʲôҪλܷԸ
׿Ӧйֵûˣл
˳Ժӣ˲ŸԽݡΪҲÿ춼ɨġ
һ۹Ȼһʱֲ˭˭ģֱӶȥ׿Ӧݣ˳˲ˮ뿪
ƺִֿһۣ֪û˶
ⲢʲôĶ֣ҲüѾլԺѳ뻢֮ƣٵж࣬δռ˱ˡ
ҪǱƺδػӦԷԺǰ˶ſжϣǸӲԵģӲ˿϶˲졣
ɴҶ죬ض߻ӣûϣ˵Ӳ磬ڼȻ׿Ӧоɣ˵Ǹᣬֻðոˡ
·ԭһַס׿Ӧб򿪰ƺ·
ƺһƨߣŵˮȣ˼װĵʣɣЩʲô˵Ц֣ͦû
ˣû˵·е㳱ûȥ׿ӦеͷҲû
£ˣˣ·⡣ֲס꣬ʲô֪ôϸһ˻Ǵ˵ʱܡ
׿ӦһۣŲСϸ磿
ץҲʵڻǹʽⶼûУƾʲôƺˬ˵ܱܲʲôСϸ硯ɣ
׿ӦЦһԣڽСǧ
ƺĵʲôǧģţĸƤôЩȥˣ˭֪ڰʲôġ
û˵ڣҪô˵ˣԵе㲻
ˣС˻Լֻܿ˺ðУҵǵˡ
ŶƺҲ̲Ӧţƣһ˰ɣ
ǲһҲ֪ȷʵеӰ
ǰƺˮضҲһõͦ׿Ӧﰵ˾䡰СۡҲԼ˸ӣźˮȣ˳ذϸ˵һ顣
ƺһɫôı϶򵥣¶¾͸ˣҲ֪ץ˼Ǳ֮˵˼ѹʲô˵
֮ǵôһ˱ץˣǷҲȻһļƻ׿Ӧ˿Ȳ裬һҸɣܲ̽ʲôģҾ͸ҹ̸ʱ䡣ҲںǣҲżʦ
뵵üЩģžôһ˿ίƺô˵ͱŤýô˵ûл㡣
֪ǰѻ˵ףᡣϾֻۣͬһˣҲûʲô֡ǵҲżǵҲпԭⶫסֻһ£ŷô׿ӦаѲ豭£һЦӯӯƺֻǱһҵġһжȻ
ƺһץסüĿУ˵ֵܣ;㣬ǿң
׿Ӧ֣С֮ˡֻ˼Щȣ˼룬¡
㡭Ҳǡûƺſڽ࣬С껹ǻģǲԼԶŻôԼ޷ͣ޷
׿ӦпûǰŪĿ⣬Īʧ䣬쵽ʱˣȥǰɣ˼ҵš
ƺְ̧סļ㬴£У㲻ø繫ӱҹ̸˵ǺҹҲ˵
׿Ӧſһ룬ͷбİ취
ľѣҲṦ򣬿Ҳû˽𣬶ǳ˱ĲӲŻܳʲôԭ򣬿ķϣҲܻõֶΡƺؿȸָҸӲģܱܲ
һ¾ϵС׿ӦиոǷʧ䶸ȻӾ磬ԹԼ
ôôСۣǰˣҰҲû˹ܣڲһڼ磬ɲôԡ
ƺڵ̬ȣҲ˽£˽빫²ܻΪһ̸
磬֪зִ磬ñãҶġ׿Ӧʶؿ˿ţСϡ粻ǻˣпԡ
ƾܰӺ¥ȳһǻˡƺִɨһָɿţ㻹֪ɡ
˹غţԺȥ׿Ӧе֪Լ£꣺ҪǺ¥ϰ֪ɵģ²֪˶ۡ
Ժû߼ƺͳɹ·ˣ׿Ӧתתתת߶šլӾ鷳ȴӲԼ·ҪְԼķߣ۾æ´·
׿Ӧһ֪ڸʲôʧЦֻϷ˼ȦͿʼƢװջ˦֣㵽ϲϵ·ô죬ԺӶùȥˣ
ûô˼Ժ·ƺ˵ҲǾÿתת
תͷˣּɫ׿Ӧʹ˸ɫԼŷ磬Žżһ㣬һݶ
᷿Աߵ԰վݶӣܱ÷סΣƺ۲һլԺȫò
ȣæԺɨȥȥȫһŷǼ᷿լԺϽһ԰ľߴïʢǽڸǵʵʵɫԽˣ͸ʲôֻǺѹѹһƬ
ֻ˵԰ҲܽͣҲǸ˵ĺõط
ϼֲ¿ڣƺҲýլԺ׶졣
׿Ӧͷ˷ЩססϵؿŵϹתˣ춼ˣתȥ·
ɫøƵƣݣݶ̽·
ǱƮƺ׿Ӧһڷϣһڷ£ͷѭȥϾڲԶҡȣЦһ
ṦȴôܽͽŲôã
лҪ˵
УҪˡ
磺ˡ
ǻвУ


38 ҹ̽
, ƺҲزˣֻ㬴ӷ¡
׿ӦиΣԼղŵļģʽѾʶ, Щ޵ݡ
϶ľ̬޶, ҲƺΪ˿, ߵǰǶǸµ, ով͸ȴСҶԺתתϤһĻ
ƺӵȷ, ߼ͬһᶯĻ⿴һЦ·䷳ǶʧƵġ
̸ֹ䲻κԶ, Զ壬Ҳ˾óǸ˭Ҳ͸Ƥµʲô
תе, òȻƣټڹ, ѹܽ³Ӫ÷ˮ
ƺװ繫֪
Цո˵ȥԺз˲ڣҾͲǿܡҵլԺˣæ򵼡
⻰Ǵ̫, ûشƺ⡣
׿ӦȻǼ֡·˵, Ǹʵ·ˡ
ƺ, Ȼˬվһߣ⻹·
ע⵽׿ӦжĳƺˣһЦɫȥŰɡźù԰ӿ羰
׿Ӧеƺ˵ҪӲġҲ֪ʲôһۡ
ƺ͸鱾Ƶģǰһ̻ƣô˵ַˬʵһ棬߹شļ򣬾һл繫Ҿǰմˣ
˽˷ͼһСӰسͨһ±ס׿ӦеĵشУӦи磡˰ɣǼҳĴǱݿɺó
ƺվһԵ٩СȶԷ¶ǵʹ㰢ô
ȻԳҰһˣǻʲôɼģͷ׿ӦУӦиδ˸ǹͣȻҪúд
ȣԴһ£ʲô˸ʲô㵹ǲһ˾˻ܸͬô
Сͯ޼ɣ˴š׿ӦĦķᡣ
ոƺľ⺢Ӹ࣬ҲСôż˾ҸˣһΪТ˳̫ӵһҡ
Ҳ֪أСҶΪͶոֵøиΪ׽ϿЦУ⺢ӱݻˣ
׿ӦЦЦͳһҲ
ƺתתĵӦýֶӡ
ȻֻһһţϯΪʢĿһʳǳĿ
ס׿Ӧвˣƺ⺢ʵۣæչԼԷҲС
˼гһŵΪг·һƵģϹۣⳡԼԵˡ
ٷƺ׿Ӧղ˭Ҳû䣬Ȼᣬϯ䲻̽ͬʱһЩ¡
֮سˣȳŰ㲻ƺ˶֣ԹɫҲãòҲãҲʵе㼱ꡣ
ʱ㣬˵Ѿ죬Ҳ֪ʲôʱץģǷ񰲺á
֪в˳û뵽ô֡ߵ仹ûԼȫ˽ȥóŵȫˣ
׿Ӧо쵽ƺĲҲøø̸һΣʱղ磬ʾҪȥϢһ˽ϼ档
ƺķͲͷϢҹ̽˼լԺװģش˸ǷҲ˵·ȷʵƣϢˡ
ȻйѳҪ׿ӦߣַԸۣλӻط
ƺ̤ţ׿ӦлͷϣŸôԼҹ̸ȴУۣЩЪɡ
Ȼ׿ӦҲ޻˵Ҳϵƺ˿ͷ
縮۵棬Ҳ˵ʲôظݣ᷿һǰһϨ˵ơ
ԼʱլԺ˶ѾЪ£ԺһƬ֮ʱƺ˺ɫƿĴϢ˳
±ԱߴϽ԰ȥ·ߴȥ̸֮ʱһۣȴ׿ӦҲӷ
СɫЩͷĵǷţһƬڣƺģԺȥ
׿ӦŸôȥϺʣû뵽ԼճСԺ»Ժǽϡ
˶ԺǽӰ£ƺҡ
׿Ӧеͷɿֲ˵ųˡ
ҹȥʲôƺ˵ҹ̸ô
ܵԣ㲻Աߣ͸¶һ׿Ӧп磬ɵǰݶϷʲô֮ôȥҹ̽ȥҹ̸תע
ƺƬ̣ȥȥмǲ̰ʲʲô͸Ͽ繫ӿ࣬ǼµĽδֵ
׿Ӧеͷס
ǵҵôʲô£Դϵ㣬ûϵ˾͸ϽطƺһۣСġ
Ҳǡ
˾ʹ˸׿Ӧв֪᷿ںδ㻽ѲԺ۴·ƺϰ
ƺĿԶȥϸݶϢرϽǶȥ
Ǵ·ƺԸŵ··˴Ƶأһһ߱Ȱ׿ӣʱӦѾЪˣʲô£˵ɣ
׿ӦУСϸʱߣβ¾Σһҵģĺˣ㣬Ҷ顣
һ࣬ôȰסλүֻðסԺӡ
δ׿ӦбԺ˿Ц֪ûô˯
ǲ·ۣԺӵϷ⣬һӰͶӳڴϣǿԶɽӰ޶Ե÷ȡ
׿ӦţСϸ磿
Ӧϣһ˲ŵУɡ
׿ӦŽȥɢ˷ӣ̨ԣɫؿԼ谵£û覴õո˾ĶǣȴĪԶĮ
ͻȻ˵Ļȫ˻ȥϺϾؿѳζǵ˵˾εĿ׻δջôá
Ṵ˹ǣɡ
׿ӦйؾصϥԼ棬ЦôӲڸǰֿϽСϸˣ
⻰Ϊ׿Ӧв̣Ӷôʻ٩֪Ӧˡ
ʱƺϾݵλͬǰôС
ŶЦЦؿԭΪѽ
׿ӦεҴȤˣҿ˵㡣
ҼǵãʱǸݵĺӣضãΪ¶ûְٰء
ҿɲԶˡ׿Ӧж˶񣬾ƴֽҲܴ⵽⣬Сϸ磬ҡ
ˣҲġϴһԵǰ١
׿Ӧü絽ʲô㣿
ûңǲóɡ
ǣ׿ӦͻһǶ֪˭
ûлش⣬ӷ£ζؿСҶ˵ЩһֱסڵΪθЩ˽һ𣿡

լԺȻ󣬵֪ǲ̫ţֻǽлԺլȴûʲôѲ֮ˣƺɵشһݶӹܿ쵽һ磬ǰϣȷʵһƬ֡
Ƭֻ˽԰һǣľԵһǼɽˮлһСɵĺͤŹֻۣҹɫ¿ȴĪЩ졣
ƺûй԰ӣȶ뿿ǽľڸǣǵ漸һѹȴδκο֮
ʯ̨ͤȥΣ϶ҪլԺһſա
ͤھԼһɣܴǸ۾ĺõطͤڵԲΣǶβʻשڵҲǸʲôͼ
ƺڵϣһţשϵķ϶һ漴óĻӣšĹ⣬ǵש鿴
ߣС
漴ĿͶΧûΧˣһ̽ҵһЩɶĸӣסһת
ͤڵ淢¡¡죬ǲʻשŲһһͨĶڣ
ɽóƺԴ䲻ϣҲ˸˽⣬͵ĻίʵȻ۾
Ͻҽ֮£Ҳǻ顣
ƺлšһЩǶʯȥ
⽨ں׵ƺͨûɣζɾʲôζǳƬŵɻͨܵ켣С
ƺססԼϢͬʱҵĶȴûзκλոֻضȸԾ˲
ȻûˣѻӵĹš󣬱ܹؿҵĹ졣
ƽƽһ󷿣õͨǽм˴ִÿ˩Сֱ۴ֵһڵϡ
֮⣬Ա߻վ׹ʯ롱ľͷɫ߲ȫǱµѪȾɡ
ƺЩϤúܣȫп̾ߣҲ֪һ³ϰ壬һ̷кã
ѵɳڣȨϵ֮Ѿô
ƺǽϸϸ˹ȥβˣǽżźɫ񣬲û
һȣѻӴսװЩӰ˵ĶЩǱЩǰһЩ֪˭ƷǴӱѺ֮ѳġ
뵽ƺ˼ͻһѸٴʣ༸ȹţĩβһϤİѰӰʯȵȡȻ

Ȼ֪ƺǵ˭׿ӦҲٸȦӣ˫ְ̨ϣǰĿϡ
Сϸ磬㵽׶֪Щʲô
Ծɱ̸ܶվߣƿߵȻôңҵĻܶϲԶһ㣬Ǹˣ䡣
˵⻰ʱҲ֪ʲôϻһ˿ʹɫ
׿ӦҲУȻңͱٻرҵ⡣ֻôΪʲô
רעɫ֪˼ȥ˺δ
Сϸ磬㡭ǲʲôѴ׿Ӧļ磬ǼݵˣǵǾδԶı䣬ɲܺʲôʱġΪҺãȻҲ㣬ܲԾ֪㻹ûøѣŵùңġ
ĬƬ̣ЦЦ׿Ӧеͷһ統꣬ڿһӡ
˭û£ʲôĵģҵЩҳݡСҶĺг¶֪ô
⻰׿ӦеȻˣ֪
Էɫ죬ŰԼʦԭ˵һ飬֮ϵԭˣһΪΪƣһͬ
ƣиҪԶء׿Ӧ뵽¶ջ𣬵ֲɵǣҲ֪ҹ̽ûʲô֡
Ƶطһ䣺ûôꡣ
ת˫ֱۿȻ뿪ɡ
ȻУһҪȥʦ׿Ӧм׷ʣǶҪץǹȻɣҲ׷鵽һŹġ
ʲôʦޱشϣʲôûʣϵʿȥǲ٣ûʲô⡣չʮ꣬ҲѾˣ
ǿɲУʦо֮ʵԵر׵ض£ҲԲӲ
ᵽϵһɲȻ׿Ӧ׷ʣȴ⴫һеĽŲˡۡš
ˣˣǹ
У
Ŷ룬Ǵſһ·ܹģлͻȻΧԺǽͼͼ죬Ժֻһܻţ˵Ѿ
δ䣬׿Ӧбಡһ֣ϴӴܿһ֧ļ
ǼۡһϣͷȼŻ𣬻滹մŻͣͷͣʱ˹ϵ顣
⣬ֻȼŻļլԺ·׹䣬ԭžĴլܿһƬ𺣣
лҪ˵
Ǳĵֵ컨~


39 Ϯ
ƺں, ҵĳװȫ˳ϸһ顣
ﲻֹĳ֮һЩĶװڴС
뵽һ, ƺŻӽ̾ߺϸϸһ, Էġ
ֻһѪ, ̾ϲûУ˵ֻһ˱ץ, Ҳû̡ӦӳȥˣˣֻŻпٴα¶, ԲûżϵԼ
ֱĶأΪʲôҪת
ѵ
ƺ룬֮ҪˣҪʬڼȻƶץ, ǲôʳ
ϲΪһϣƺȥ, յǰһƬ, ӿŲ˳ȥŴӵשһ¶ͷǰ, ʧɫͫ
ŻƽԺ, ٲȻһƬ𺣣ϽƬïʢΪṩ˾ѵĲ, ȼûܣѳ֮ơȥеķݡľȼˣԺӻ죬˼
кüֱۣŪ˼̨ˮ北æشӺˮ뾡Ȼ
ֻϧưˮǵŬ˾
ǻӳƺУʱɽһĻвбǡ
ãС
ƺ׿ӦеİΣ޲ҵҪܳȥһͷӦϴһ˦˸ĺˮУ˸͸ʪŴҴϰլԺȥ
æžȻļͺۣһţû˹ûֵ˸մˮ
լԺ֮·ȫŴȫ˻𣬲նϵ֦֮ȼ˵ϵݣһһƬܶ˾ͱأڻȦС
ƺżȥ׿ӦУҲܼȣֻܻ嵶Щ·֦שߣ½ܾһһ
һƿһˮ凉ˮۣȲˣ׷ѹˮ·˷ûõĵطӳȥҪ
һ̿ңüֲ٣֮ãȻһͷתŵ·Ļˮ
˼ˣҲѧܿһСԺ·棬һЩŵþʧѾ߷׷˳
ƺܵǰסСԺԺӻƲֱ׿Ӧеķ䣺У
䱻Ļӳãûˣ춼룬˵׿Ӧвûл
ƺһһԵϵĴ󱳰һ˳ֳ׿ӦеǱس˳ȥ
ܵ棬ץһ·ۣȥԺӣ㣡
׿ӦҲĻˣҲ֪ʲôųߣǰٱڻﻤţֻ׿Ӧпȥ
Сϸ磬߰ɣٲ߾ˣ
׿ӦгקֲҶ̫±š
˺һᣣ޼ɵĴӣۿҪճһȦЩˣ˶ý
ҾȻϺõľģյúܣҲһʱ̡
һԿధ󣺡ˣǺοࣿ
ϳճձ٣Ͼ¶ҵЦҲػġ
֪˭ŵĻ𣿡׿ӦĿ࣬ʲôϵˣΪҪ⣿
ڻܣյϵΪ죬Ż٣΢΢ʼղ
ͻȻһӵĿ޺ɤָּ⣬͸ͻҲߣҪ˾ˣҲߣ˾ˣ˾ģѽ
תԺſΧ˼ˣչѾŮӱ۱ڻһԺţǲߡ
ۼ⣬һ۾Ϳ˹壬󺰵壬Ҿ˾ǲǲߣҪȻһ
׿Ӧ⻰һë֪Ҳ²ǵһηˣ
ҲϵΥ͸ʲôˣȻȴɢһûľż
Сϸ磬Ϊ߰ɣ׿Ӧٴȥȴѡ
û̧ۣ˫ĿֱȻ£ȥɣҺ壬׿ͳȥ
ỺĮ·𳡣ԼҴӭһ㡣
ż˫ͨһ£ӣūˣαظԼȥأ
׿ӦŲſڣԶԶ˾˳ȥм
һ׿ӦҲڣżˣӦи磬Ҿ˾˾ȳۣǧڣ˾ˣˣһ۰ɣŸӦиط꣬Ժкܶأһˣ
ƺ˿̱۴Ժ⣬һ˼ţʱͻˣ·ܵĻܣ𣿣
ɴһɿţ֣ʱӿȥҾ˾ˣӦиҲߣҾ˾Ĳˣϳ
ƺٲȻ̫Ͼ¯һ׿ӦлͷǿȺͳ˽ȥУ
׿Ӧ֪ɵ棬ģƣȰϳȥ
Ȱƨţ˿ƺټɵǻҲ죬û飬ڼ׿Ӧ£Ҳ԰ģѽӸֱŴǰһ仰û˵ָ̧ɴһֵϣˡ
弱ô󺰣ӣ
ǿУʲôʱˣһⷸ財Ȱȱ𣿡ƺϿڼϾܣץϣⲨϮ֮󣬌˵Ҫɱ䣬ٲ߾ˣ
·һ·ųȥƺֿһˣ׿Ӧеǰŵһ£鷳ˣڵ֣ң
˸ճţУСģ
ԺĴյһ֧޴ĻѣһԼ߶೤ȭôֵ֦辣ȼңǱնɵӴͻȻµۿҪƺͷϣ׿ӦһѰǰȥ̧ýһգڴ׳֦һɼΣһλһ㣬׿Ӧŷȥ
źӦи磡
ƺֻӰŵøεѣͷУ
׿ӦӹһΪŤƿܹǵġ򡱣һ򱻻ˣذ𣬼˲˿
ƺϱԺſڣ˾ˣ˾ˣ
ˣڡƺ׿Ӧбսһļ۵壬լӾȲ˾ͱˣô¥һ׼ܿôǱ϶˹ⰲŵġŴɢеܴ򿪵Ķ򿪡ȥϽǣǱ߻ͣȫˣǽû
ͷ˵ǣСģż߶ţСš
û˵꣬мҶ˹壬²ˣű˶ˣȥ
壬Ҳˣ
壬ţǱߡ
Ҷ֪ŶסǳҪǣù嵱ҪѪܣڳѾŮǶˣʿ޳һƬԽ˷ꡣ
ƺ˿ĻƣȷʵЩĽűǼǽЩԲṦڼӿ
壬լɷаţ׿Ӧֽۻнӹ˫̽סĲӣ磬Ŀ磬ǼҶǷֿ߱ȽϺʡ
һࣺиţϽǴӸղ˵ˣڸܿ
ƺ壬ǴӺСүǽߣȥһƲ̫͵ǽͷȽѾӳȥмṦļҶţáһ˽Ժʣµ˾ͶˮҡһĶ֪İɣ
û뵽ƺȻɫЩΣͷ
Ȼ繫֪Ż˭ҲĿ繫ӣӦòڸΪѣǾʵʵͨ磬ˡ¥زⳡֹȼȥһʱͻȻĴžǡػ鿴ƺ꣬ɷ˵ߴٵȥɣ
岻ػͷϺģģӦиҰỤǵġ
Сүǡأһ֣תȥ
ƺϣǰ߱ߌ׿ӦеǾʹϽߡ
㲻˵Ͻǻô׿Ӧбϡ
ķҲҲǽ댝ɣƺǸأ˿ͣߵü죬ŻֶŵģͼˣҲ֪ϵ˭Ȼôݡ
׿ӦϷǳճյ飬дԼ˲²⣬ǲûп˵
˱죬ſǻ˵ǰ˾˿ٵǸˣ˾˺ϲ˾һҲã
ƺüͷһ壺ǵʲôϵ
Ҳ֪˾ǲáű˵˾ʲôңܿ˲ɣһسǾͻᵽ˾˾ֻһ˯ţ͵͵ܳҾ˾ˣڴ
׿Ӧü
ţ˾˽еúܲңֿģˣұȥͱѾˡһţίͰ͵˵ڶҾ˾һ춼²˴Ҳȥػض
ƺεɤӣ׿Ӧһۣ׿ӦҲôˣһԲĹϡܿɫҲЩŤ
ʹͷֻҪǸйأҾ˾˾ͷĲһһ᲻ˣʱ˵ʲôֻҪԼ˾ͺˡ
湻Ҫġƺ֪ʲô𣿡
˾˽չüҲ˽жչü˳õǺÿһ˫۾ˣ׵úܡ
üͬ÷׿Ӧе¾뵽õġ˼Ǳ÷㣬ѵ˾ǡ
һ˼ͻȻƺƽһС¶ź
ô
꣬ƺ˽ˡ
ܺõظסǵĽŲҪƺۼ⣬˵ᱻȷ֡
¶һǣ΢΢̽ͷ⿴ȥ
ֻǺҲЩ֣һһҲ֪ڴʲôԵЩһҲ񹥽ɱ˵ġ
ͣôе죿
ƺͫȻһͻȻֱӴ˳ȥ
׿Ӧһûüסֻñ
Ҳɣؼֶزص£һԲһһСŶ
飿
磿
鳶ɵؿǰƺۿЩ죬ȥһѱסĲӣЩʣǰŪˡ
лҪ˵
磺ҽаܰнʲôʾ
а
磺ԣ


40 Ե
Сһʱûס, ƺĺ󱳣ο֪һɾͷֲˡ
Ҳ֪ô, Ǻŵʱͱ˶, 类ץȥ, ٴν˷Ǻšҭ, Ǿ͵͵Ĵ̽ץǵǸ·ˣ֪ס
ƺļ򣺡, ޡҲ֪类ץˣո̽ңѾˡ
ˣصɴۣһۿɼ, Ȼ
סǣ˱תˣˡƺϱŵһ, Ӹ飬Ƕ, Լ
ϲӹȻڣ
׿Ӧб¶ųϻźԶ, վſƳţżʵ, ǻ𣿡
иҲڣû̫ˣ, С˭
Ǻ㲻ܵҼǵ㣬ô
˻ҧгݣ㡭
ˣȱ𳳡ƺһƣǼ𣿡
Ϊ˻ǲűץˣͶ˵װүˡǼɽ죬˵ط˵ġ
飬ͻȻ󺰣ǲŵĻ𣿣
Ȼǣˮѿƣ˵ģֲɱ˵ġ
׿Ӧкȱ飬ǽص˶𣿷ʹү𣿴үΣ
ڰ֣үС˼ԼˡˣǼǷͷѲ顣ǽŵҲ̫࣬ǼʵĻû⡪Ǻ磬类תƵĶ֪𣿡
֪ȳȥ˵źšƺ飬͵¶źϿ˳
鿴˸ˣ۾ֱˣ˭
ƺ䵭
ˣҾ˾˲
ƺû׿Ӧʹ˸ɫһ֮˽ٵԺǽϣǽʹϡ
˼ƺ׿Ӧм־ϲʱȣҲֻǼ򵥺ѣűһǽȥ
ǽֻ˶أǽͷϺüһһɣ㱻ƺռȻ
硢һӵϣƺŸѾˣҲû֣׿ӦһԹսһ߹ۻһߺڰ
ǼСආԲгżˣܿ־ܣһʣֱ󱻰һ
ƺߵǸǰһͷ˵ҪѾǴˣԺʣĶˣΪǣ֪𣿡
֪֪ˡǼŵɪɪͷ
ߣƺһӣ¿ϣ硢ǻڣǰͷ·
ɽǽɽ£⼸˶ɽһУ˿̱ҲƺǴ˹ȥĿĵأҲʼˡ
ã߷Ƭһ룬ֻмݻͷҾҲûˣֻʣһӣԵúܿ
ƺ֮󣬱㽫Ͽǽ£Ūѣȴ۾ֻ˫Ŀ񣬴ضĳ״Ϊˡ
ʲôʱѵģôҲ֨һ
˹Сèһߣĸ첲˾ˣﲻ˾ˣ˵ѽ˾ˣ㿴һ۰ɣ
׿Ӧжǰ̧ὫͷӵСϸ磬Ǹ¼ȨԲóȻΣﲻ𣿡
ź󾱣ҲѧֻСϵĸ첲Ͱ͵˵˾ˣҰӦи磬ҲΪ˾ˣҪ־͹Ұɣûо˾ˡ
ƺǼ飬ʹʹ˸ɫǽеһߵ˵˼仰˵ͷĻൽԺȥ
ǰɢͷⱻƺΣԴеؿһ·ڿνͷ棬ϻմ˲ٻңˣʮֻֿ޶˾˾ۡ
׿Ӧк˵ʲôճմؿǽţһԲ
ԱͰˮԼͳմʪܻϸǰС
һֱܺ棬ƺҲûһĿתض
ϵɾƺȻ򣬡ಡվָ£Ǹץߵˣ磬
ƺ⼸һֱûܺúϢòиߴûǸܣһҹһˮеͷҲţͻȻôһ£͸оһ͵ش̫Ѩ۵ü
ʲô֪ǽվţüġ
׿ӦлͷһʣͻȻס˷Ӧ
Сϸ磡
˾ˣ
ܵƺߣɻƺǱһ°ͣעŵ㡣
ϵתתȾһ˿ûͷûβرĳһ仰У˵öԣҲ⡣
ӣ˾ˡǸ󻵵ˣ
ḧͷֽΪ˾˵ˣ˾˸ⲻǡ
Ųϼ򣺡þ˾ⲻǣ˾˺úðϧԼͷˡ
׿ӦмƺǱס״ָ̬ҲԷģ̽ʵ˵Ĵ󻵵Ǹ˼ô
Ͽ΢΢۾⺢ӵ컹ǲϡӣл֮
ƺڰ֣֮͡
жչüʮʱ֮ˡֻϧǶǿʸԼˡǼӣĸұ㽫ҷ˷ӣ˷շתϷݣʱұٲϴؼţ·ڽ˵Ĺ£ҴǼϷݣԷշתȥ¥ΪҲˣȴû뵽ں¥طꡣ
ʱʮδȴһϳ˱˴ˡ仯ܴûԭʣá˵ΪҵԵʣԼǿ󣬺ñԼϲˣýбҲ֡
ʱˮһֶĶ֣ϵӣ˵ҪΪûԼԼˣǻߣ϶ﲻˣǣϡҴܳ˰ͷŸȥ
ͻȻ˾ǻ˺ö࡭
һ£죬ҧ촽ͷ
⿲˲ԸԼ˺۱¶ǰҲ֮С
׿Ӧ뵽ϲṦִŸĺӣĴأϷݵĴֺ͸·ϵ׷飬ȻΪѡ
ߣڻͼûճ˱ĺӡ
Ƕȷʵ࣬Ҳȷ˳˳ˮҵʱѾǷֶĶʱңҿû۵һжֵõġ￪٣ǡ˵⣬һ٣ԳЦЦѻת˿ȥЩ²Ϊ˵ұ㲻˵ˡ֮ˮԽԽʶҲԽԽӣЩҼ㿴ۣҲֲ˵ε飬ơ
ƺ˫ۣ˼ץ磬ԭ˼
ֵԶԹ޳Ȼץչü˼ˮ֪֮𣿡
鷭˸ۣȻǶ˷ˡ
زƶ񤣬ԴѷܴҴ׹ϰҪȻҲܶǿóףֻб߾УȻ㲻ǵ󡣡ƺǾȡ
ϵͷܴ·ӻȡҪĶȻҪ߼ۣа˽½סˮֻΪǮģǺĻֻչüǸ˭Ҳ̫ϣҹ̫Щ¡
׿Ӧײײļ򣺡ΪʲôҪ㣿
ϵͷԽԽʶҲԽԽӣöˣȻ׵ҲͶ࣬Ÿ׽˵˼䣬;бҪʱôһ£ȻһԼôŴϱǧġ
⣬׿Ӧвɵ̧ͷһƺĵʲô飬Ǹչü϶ѡ
ƺǣοһͷ
ÿζڣҲ֪һΪгҪңҲˣĻָʹ˾Ҳʹÿζϣʵ˵Ҫ׷鵽ףұˣգɵӣѵʱҲסǲˣȻҪġ
׿ӦϣϵӣСС˵˾㲻ǹߡ
׿ӦĦţ֪ΪʲôôļҪ䡣
ӻΪֻҪ˱İˣ㲻ܿˡ
ǷŲչüߵⲽȻߣҲûϾǷʮꡭˣûʲô˵ģżʱҲ֪ҪƩΣƫ罻Ծ͵͵תˡ
Ƥ˿ƺģõúܣû̡
ƺһЦ֪
֪Ȼת˲׹㷢ˮң
ҪȻΪЩװҴȡģƺָָ鶪ǽǵ
϶Ǳ૵ǱгװôŹ֣ԻϤǳţԭǸƺǰҾˣ
ƺĬϣȴѾˣ͢Ҳץǣǰ⼸һȺͨѡ
ϡߡһ
ͷ׿ӦУӦи磬ʲô
׿Ӧ͵͵ƺһۣСһȺӢۡ
Ҳǣ
ֹӢǵͷ
ۡСƵصͷܽѹôϲ
׿ӦУ
ʵ翴ˣҾ˾ǲܵġ˵˵˾˿ǹʺչü񣬸㿴Ұһġ
׿Ӧһס죺ˣ˵ȱ졣
лҪ˵
Уͯ޼ɣ
磺˵滰ҶӾǴ


41 
ƺ, ⼸仰Ȼüģ֪ʲôӦޱš
ϰý, һ, 翴, ҲֻǻһЦ
Աȴˣ㵽װĶ˰
ҵĵͷϣȻչüšϵ, ȻɣﵽĶĿ
׿ӦȻڽЩ֣
ϿЦûֵϰߡ
⻰׿ӦΪᣬԭȫɵİն, ΪЩ˲ȥģǶչüˡ
Ҫɱ˵ҪŵҲ
ⲻǴŰţ͵һ
˭ؾ, 衣
ϿƺԺҰѵط㣬ҵȥˡҪСģչüȺͶ˺, ûץסǣʧ, ڶﶪӡԲˮǶˣ䱾ǡ
лѡƺ֣漴, ǰŷ˴, ֮һᱶӾ衣
Уҹ, ɣѭŶ˵һʲôʵ
׿ӦлΪʱûԭֻǱ̸ܶæɺеӡǣȸͼľƣӶϸѳġ
˼Ҳѹ֣ҪģزʲôֻͨǹٸֹģҪȥвѰ
ʲôأ׿Ӧме£һǵʲôƶǵҪʲôһǽЩȥ˵ʦͱǹǱߣ
ƺͻȻʣɵĺ˭ѳ֣
һˣΪ׵Ľп꼣ԲԴȸΪ־˷ǳأǰˮѳˣȻ鲼׸ͷۿڣ첻нǻкԵ̻÷ǳ˭ҲԽ׳һϵƽҲ˽˽֪ԽԽΣգڡҿ԰ǲһ顣
׿Ӧ磺Сϸ磬ʲô㣿
ңһվɰɡչüǵһʾܻҲþ档ϵֱֻô˵ҲһլԺ
ԺԭҲǶչüģϲǰ١ֻϧһ˰ɣ֮ͬԽԽС
ԺƺǻڵĽ˵ô²
չüҲǷҪηŻһΪ˸øӣپûլԺˡ
ˣҲֻԳЦЦɫȴǼ˸еģ͸һɷ辢
׿Ӧмʵġϸո˵ĻֻԼչüĹϵܽһ£лж飬ˮů֪ˡ
ƺеܣ뵽Ժɹɹ̫༸ҲСһʱȥˡ
ź֮ȥһ̤Ժӣ㱻ůۣǡͷۣһչԴ䡱һǰһƬ⣬²˼ײһ˵ؿϡ
γס˫ַĸ첲ǣ磬û°ɣ
ƺ˶񣬻ͷ׿Ӧǣҡҡͷû£ɹɹ̫ˡ
ͷۣҸ󡣡׿Ӧвɷ˵Ժĳʯ£Լϡ
ƺȷʵͷ۵鷳ɹɹ̫ͦȻ۾ܣҲûˣ׿ӦеӰǡðͷס⣬Ҳûôۡ
ҲûϹ飬
׿ӦеָЩᰴ̫Ѩϣʵܻͷۡ
ƺۣƬ̰
׿Ӧпŵüͷչȥ磬ҾͲȥˡ磬𣿡
⻰ƺ͵һлǧ⣬֪ؾˣͻȻΪ׿Ӧвˡ
ԭǧټҪ˦ˣȴ˲ᣬƫⲻûͷֹĻûʸ˵
ʵȥģ֪òҲûʲôǴ˺޹ϸ˼Ȼȥɡ
һ˲ۣõʣŶ
Ϊ⵽ǿҷԣǼԷӦȴƽ׿ӦҲЩʧ䣬Ծͣȥֹˣһ࣬Сϸ硭˵Ҫǲ꼺Ͷ˵ĽףҪӦչü֧穡ǵѾʶƣ߶в㣬ֲǳţҲüٰ磬ע⣬ܸǴϢ
ָᰴƺͷƤƺʱоͷƤһ飬̧ס
ҪٰʲôƺʶԼոˣø߸ߵһ׿ӦҪȥӡͲⵣģ𣬡̾ʲô˶Уۼúܣģʶô죿
ٲãҲٵϰ壬ȫûɣ׿ӦбץۣѿһۣһٰܼʲôȻóʲôʲô
ƺԼеۣҲ֪Сڹ⼤Լһʮͱ˾ȳȥˣóʲôǻᳪɤӻɣǵ㴩
ͱ²ˣҡСǲ±˼ԽԽݺλģƶǮҲڻ£Ҳȫˡ
Ҫɣ㣬ٿϣĵСģ
׿ӦƲƲ죬ǲ룬ƺϣһĲӣһǣĸ첲§ԼЦô˵ֻ統ҲҺÿ𣿡
ƺǶᵽϢҡŻ𣬺޲һѽȥ
Ǽֱڻ˿ͷԽˡ
׿ӦеǾҵü֪ͷ۲û⣬ӵȥ­µķѨ־ƲҪȴƺס
ʲôڼ˲ôƺҧгݣһ뵽Ҫȥǰں֮ڡɫ֮ͽƶǮһаһƳǿ鱻ǹĺۼ·ˣ
׿ӦбΪõû뵽ͻȻ·һʱˣѡѡ
ƺ˵磺ʲôأˡ
û£ÿ׿Ӧ˿ں
ҪԶôƺһᣬ§ϵøĽߣһ˽һ𽹡
׿ӦбҲû⿪ۣ̿ʵ·¶ļͷ
ȷʵôأֻӼͷǣһƬˮݣƤԱȣԵôĿһЩ
ƺɵشչȥҲֲۣңʶᴵ˴
׿Ӧд֣㿴ֻˮݣĨ˵ҩͳˡ
š֨ѽһ죬׿Ӧ̧ͷվſڣֲ˼ߵӣΡ
ΪڴĽǶȿ׿Ӧв¶ƺ˱Ĳӡ
ƣ컯Ǭģﻹиӣǡ̫ˣ
׿ӦвҲ֪ⳡ϶ᣬֵֻүҼˣҪҲҿ
ƺҲعͷϺõҩó
˿Եȣȥҩ䡣
˽ƺȥ
׿ӦеһۣղҪ㲻ãƫ£
£§Ĳӣֺ
ƺһ§ĺ󱳣һֹס䣬˱ת˲ʯ̨ϣűߣƮƮһ仰úˣ˰̾Ͳܵߵˣ
˭Ҫߵ׿Ӧе죬ߵ͹ˡ
սݾײҩĴƺүһԴ룬ͷۣոǷצһûУá
ԣҲеͷŶ
ԺӲ⻰ƺƺҪ˵׿Ӧģ֣׿ӦȻüߡһɣ
һֱԹɿߣѾ˯ˣ§˫Ŀſգڷ㶡
ƺתת˵ĵطѾдղλҽˣΪ˲չüҵѡǣӦǰȫġ
šƺ£һֹӡ
ϴƳƳҹСҶ£
ƺԥһ£ʱϷ𱲻Ƕǳһҩôý̫ǿ׳֡𺦴󲻴󣿡
˶졣ῴǣȻѡЩ˻ֵĺӣΪ˱գǻҳҩԭǿЩܻҩȽأ𺦵ҲǱƫˣӰ첻󡣡
ƺͷһ˲ʣҩҩƺõҩܸܲһ
ǷʲôȤ飬ȤЦСҶ壿
ţʮ䣬˺ܶ࣬ү˵е飬ܲα
ҩûУԸ㼸ҩǴҽꡪСҶ֪´μԸ㡣
ƺһ֣л
ʵҲصġϺ׿ǽ΢΢۽СҶֻԷ꣬ʱһΣ𱲻ҩǻûӹͣ赣Ӳܹĥҿ֪ûд󰭡
Ǿͺáƺƺ˿
ϴع˹ǣûУ
Щƺʵʵı̿ڣδΪ׬Ǯݲˡ
ҩĲŸݲСϵеĵطʮĺӳȥӿͣһܲסģЩ̫ݣɥĶܶࡣ
ƺ̾˿̫ˡ
û˵ͻȻƺ˼ղŵĻͻȻʶΪʲôᵽ׿Ӧˡ赡ԼûСʱʮΡ
ֻ֣۰Уûб˼
ϴۣḧͷΣ֮ѡ
ƺеȻˬʵ˵ףҲûʲôҪϽֻͣ˾Լǰ˶ѡ
ϸйϵôãһа֪ôԼ
Ҳǣû¶ð֪
˺һƺڰڣҡûֻ̫࣬Ҫܻÿġͺá
Ҫᡣϳգգۣ⺢ӳӲ
ʲô㵽ڰʾʲô
ƺˣԾҲʲôˣ¼ֱ˼˵ԼлûʲôʲôҲϽʵ˲ʡ
ˣ˵ȥ磬Ҫ㡣ƺӲתƻ⣬Ҫǲ˵Э
ʧЦһһٴţƽʹ˴Ҷ죬ûݿɹٰ硪ѲҪٰСģ
ƺһѾ뷨
û뵽ԼȻ˵ˣһͣҲ
Ѿ¶ҿܸΣաƺԻ鷳չ
Ȼϲ֪ʲôͻȻЦЦһû䡭ҲգͽҰɡ
ƺ̾˿
ǰСģⲻҪ˽Ӵ㲻⣿ϻлʵ
ˡƺоԼԴһȦޱȲɣ
İѺרİѺ
лҪ˵
磺΢ôһż
УҪϷˣѬ
ϡ桤


42 ױ
׿Ӧٴ̽Ϣ, һǾȷʵǸ취ϲһʲôΣգԼҲܻţһ·϶ڳź, ҲĦȭҪԼ֮, ܾԼƿڵ, ȷʵҲٵĻ˺档
ǰֻǰͶɣԳзҸӵ֮̾, ǸԶߣڴ˴ĿĹ£ǳȤһĿ, ص
뻹еС
αװݣȻǰСģϲӿͣ˾, Ǿ˵ԼղˣӦҲû˸Ұ
Ͼô໤Ժʹ֣ġ
Ȼ뷨, һЦкտ
ۣ㣡׿Ӧй˲ϻش⣬˿˼ֱС
˿ٵһװͬһ᷿, һѾڸ׿ӦСüë
ôôۣ׿ӦȦˣһü
Ѿ֪ϰͣĵü̫, һһγźΣ빫͡
õô
ιкۼ, γøɾ
׿ӦȻԷ꣬ǻͷ¶, ûѧЩʮͬͨһ㣬ױȻһϲͨû뵽֮ʹ
ббؿһϣ̬鶼ʮڿЦ۶ܲˣҿǸ߿ˡƽʱ߸˴˲ôҲ޳
ǿɲһ׿ӦеԲ۾
ﲻһ
͡׿ӦʵҲ֪ﲻͬ˰𰸣оһ
ǿʶЦһСҶָû㣬θüëܲס۵ġ
׿Ӧᣬ⻰֮о֮йأֲ֪Ϊλ۵ܲסû˼졣
̵شյ׿ӦиǰϸüëӳˮǰںԱˣٵĿ͹٣ģҰΣ
׿ӦίСϸ硭
ûáϰԼ˵ҪСĵģǲٶûʲôǴˣ֮ݣͷǺˣô
Ųᡭƺ׿ӦвڨڨҲ֪ԼװС˼˲֪θ롣
ʲôΣûڻȻ͸״ЦЦֽ׿Ӧһ˵Ҫ۾ˣ
һкģ׿Ӧֱͦ壬ÿһüë֣£ɣ
ǸкĵѾСӴչο׿ӱģһһ㡣ҿҲïʢιαãҲðˣҪȻǸۡüٸ㿪棬Ƥ֬һỬ
׿Ӧһ𾪵˼ҲҶֻתбϣҪ棿
ϴ֣Цʲô͵ʲôһлӴ꼻߿µˣΪԲЩ౻ϳ񲻵òʧ
ܼ꼣׿Ӧ˵Ҷֻ̫Сȵ飬㲻˵أǰ𣿡
⻰˵ò׼ȷ棬ǰδʵݡϻصϼţ豭һڣϾɺеĻˣҪɵƿأ⿿̽ҲδؿţԳһĺá
Ǿãǰбݣ
пǶݣпֻһݡҶ֪꼱ĿΣԿϵǸԱүǸĸ̣˭֪أ
׿Ӧתת飺еСϸ磬ȥʶµ𣿡
ŤͷŴ⣬м껨ʯպÿ˻ţɫĻԵýΡ
ʯ񻨣ûҪĶȥʲôʲôУļ
⻰׿Ӧ֪£ҲûٶʣǡüëҲˣԹȺĸ档
浹ǲۡ˽ʵ֮⡪׿ӦҲû˼ٺԹţһֱԼʲôһ֮ٱݣֲڴ
İŪ꣬ʽǲǿԸ׿ױ
Ͽ׿Ӧһۣױе㾪㤣ɵЦˣڰ֣ȥɣͺá
ȥ׿ӦпŻϣŵеͣССϸ磬ױױͲ˰ɡ
ϹԱߵգ׿Ӧиǰ°Ҷ꣺ģŨױĨҲǦ֬΢һ±á
˵üʣմīṴ׿Ӧеü
׿ӦŪûţҪҾͱݽɣһὣʽһ㲻ͺˣٵĽʿȽ϶࣬˵˰أ
Ҫ˰ʲôϸüҪ̽ϢҪͷƣ
׿ӦУ
ҲУҲУҪ
ü϶һſ֪֬ѡɫǽ޵ʯ񻨣ԹԵǱʯ񽿰ɣСҶſ
׿ӦпĿ֬һʱǸӣԼھҪϻٵʱûпǵ
մԷӳӣǽһԼѵ̬·ҪŤֲҪָǻЩɥԼ񺪵ѧСǵŤ̬ѧ˸ӣȴԼĶˡ
ոջüҲãҲãڿɽܷΧڣǵϿ֬Ǳһָоˡ
˵ΪʲôǾһ˲Щҡ
·ӳʮֻǻһΣԷ쵱ͷơ˲ӵǸС
׿ӦЩϱһס°ͣʹ΢΢죬ȻСָմſ֬Ϳ˱һ㡣
׿Ӧбۣ̾˿˿̷ǳƺ·ֻм֤Լڵһʵġ
ˣ㿴ɡɿͳ˿˲֡
׿Ӧ㷲ؿԼٱͳιüٵϿ֬ǡʯ񽿡ɫܳķɫƽᡣ
ѿǲѿģԼе֡
϶ͻȻգĽ㡣
ţ׿ӦпŲʩȴԾ޾׵Լüۣҵ֬ɫܸ϶Է֣Ľʲô
Ǻÿױвױĺãǹɫ㣬ȴûжʧţһҲ
ң·ôˣҲѹչüԭǰϲҡ
ٲϲǸˣƾʲôָһǻİ㲻أ
Ļû˵ڸоԼȴղܡ
·ǵһԵɡ
һķˣԼҲĻˡ
׿ӦǰڻԼ⻰ַο˭˵һյģĿҲܵаи˵ĺÿ
ϹǣοЧҲܹһƬġ
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׿ӦжžӣԼͷԺ޽鷢ģͭУ˶ʱԵ÷֡
Ǿ棬ǾЩܸ߳Уȴ뿴ԼʱķӦ
ô뵽أ
ǵգҲ֪ˡ
˦˦ͷͼƺԼԺ˦ȥϵĻչüȲϣ¶𣿶ΥԸ磬һҪˡ
˱ˣֲϣ۵ҶƴӣΪҰ
׿ӦмǣҶǵ飬ЩǣСϸ磬չü˻һһô죿
£ʲộȥ˱ǡ˵ȴЦˣԽһУʺͿ˱һʹֻԵ±ӻԵҲûϵҲǲˡ
Сϸ磬ֺαˡ׿ӦǸŬŵˣʱʱĹߣҲֻжչüһ˿ɰѽ
һֻ֧ϣͷ̫ˡ㺺ġɢΣ͵һ֮ͷ
ֱǰƺ׿ӦһСװЩϡŹֵ⣬˲䷳һһΪ׿Ӧн÷ֻҪСģƽʱһʲô⣬ҲûԼ
Ǵһ֧׿ӦмġơмСҩƿ˵Ľҩ⣬ЩЧĹŹҩб⡰ɢ
ԱĻĶѾ㹻׿ӦҲΪƺҪѲչüã⻹Щ˿Եҩء
ǿɲɣҩֶ˭֪˵ļ仹ʲôá׿ӦȰ٣ҸչüҲĵطȥʱȻǡ
˳ʳָ׿Ӧеüģ˵ЦءҲ֪ǰ˾ȳûУǹһҿСˡ

滷ɽȳ꣬ɽӯɽɽɽɽɣɽ֪ն
⼸ɽ͵֣಻еһԻסȥ඼˼ɽ֣ɽоȻ빵֣и޳ûûʶ·򵼴ţ˿ºԼ߳
Ϊ˱˶Ŀ˸Իɽ¸档
ϲŪ֮ˣֻһβٸıչüʹˣСƢѣʵûҪô졣
ϲԸ׿Ӧ䣬ҲǴΪã׿Ӧ⼸˵ǵߵ̫ɱ֮
ҹƺȣ֪ǹѫ׿ĳţ̬㲻һˡ
ΪֻһСûʲô±Ҳ֪ڴ˵ǵйչüǺʵǾΪ
ҪˮӣҲǳ롣
ڼȻѡȨȻҪףһ֮͵չüˡ
ƺ˴ϵױţָʾС·װ˳ǣʱֱ㵽ɽС
һжǰȥ죬Իסֻ֪סڳǱɽϣȷеطֻеŵ֪˴˿ɽ
ƺֻɽȥѰǸи߱ԻԼʯлԵ¡
ΪԻңķһѰټǱӡûнһֻȮ˱ӿɱȲϹӡ
ԿܲڸߴԻլ˭֪ɽֲïʢһһߣЩӶ˲ӣ֮Ծʲô
Ƣɽ߶ȣҲûҵסĺۼɻϵľǲǳǣǲǸû磿
ʢҲ꣬ô˵ĨһѶͷϵĺͣǣǸϵһ͹ƶˣҪץǵĶչü˲һ㣬ôܸ첲ա
ۿɫƺҲĽǿѹΪʲôôҪĲֹһҪĺǣֱӽ˲ˣ÷򣿿ʱѣ˹ϵǳôǵġ
˭֪ءиǣŰиߣֺƭǽɽתͷٸ߶չü˽ɽ׽ǣ֪иҲ֪º֡
⻰ҲЩһʼųԼƺ֪ģǾϲˡ
Щû֤ݣֻƾֱжϡ
ǰԼߵģȷƺ¶ʱԷ飬Ǿ㵲αȻ񲡢ϲŭ޳Ļ֮ˣӦò˺֡
ϵ飬׿ӦвԼȻһҲɵܻԼ
룬Ŵһʯ٩ǵҲǣǰԼ뷨ûܰߡ
лҪ˵
Ǹ֪ɵǸԵɵⶼǵľйء
ɽԴʫ ȥ첻ӯߣɵоڡYfתʯססѡ
ݿӽ~~


43 Ѱ
ƺ˿̲û鿪Ц, ĽһǵİΣһ䣬һǵȥٵ׿ӦС
ܾԼĻƵģҪЩĺֺݵ˱, ȫһֻ׵ĸ
, ֪Լ, »װܣзһֻĿ˵Ĵ, ΣΣգųϣҲ±һ߬סӡ
ƺ֪׿Ӧе˼, ΪѰһԸһֱ˻ţԼԣǱ, ԼỤȫڲܿǲġ
Ϧ£߻Ư, ɹ𽥰˼Ϊ
һƨڲݵ, ɥѲҪɽһ𣿡
һҵǾͷһ顣ƺƨһţģҿ֮ǰû, ҪȻҶñۣ
Ҿһ˵ƨί, ôңʱ䣬Ȳˣ
ƺעö, ԻסɽضˮԴҵСӻСϪҵ߱ľ
źãϧƫƫ
ȵȡһֱûĴסָԶãǱߣǲǴ̣
һ˵ȫָķֻǸУһֱ̻
޳ɣһ·СܣֱѰ˹ȥ
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ɽмԻֱסڲͬĵطǡҵǸ߱סֻ⼸˰òɽ·ǰһ·ŵ
ܴסǺϢƺ˼ӿŲ˵һ·ת۱㵽ǰȻһСԺ
ɫѾȫԽʣԺŽգҲûеƣ񼡣
ţ߱ʮ꣬ףϥ»һĶӣǰѡˣҲΪΪҺʵϼҴڣðʲôС
ɫ߱û޶ӦڼңѲɻΪ޶ˣ
ƺʹѾĬسУͷԺƺһදһ߻Ժӿ
ƺԺţССһƱ㿪ԺһЩľһ峵һǼѼֻѼѼһźںĶýżһϳһʬ壬ȥǹһָۣɴࡣ
ƺһۣȻ൱
Ժľݲ󣬴ⲿжϳΪԷҲԼǳƺŶ˼Ѽ궯⣬ûб죬Ϯ˭ĿԲ
ССݣſһ죬̫ڣͳšƺһͷƺõţһŶ̴ſڵϣƺǻȥˡ
ʱԺ󷵻أ˸ƣʾԺûˡ
ƺʹ˸ɫľݣһһңѸٽв̽һ飬ȷûбˣֻǰ²ʡӡ
ܳľݣ滻ʱƺѾӷתϢ΢۰мˣϣӦǱŹ¡
ҩͳһƿΣ򿪷ӱ£˾ͻתۣǰο࣬Զӣɵɪһ¡
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˼Է޶⣬ԱӻڰˣҲ˿¸߱꣬ɽԻ˴ǱǺᣬ֪λ
ƺ͵Ƶȼվһԣ΢΢ü˷ɫڣƤֲڣȷǱ紵ɹ֮ˡ
ڼ֮ʱҲ˫̯ƹؽڴָʳָоĥϼ룬˵ȷʵǳ֮ˣһǸƲӡ
֤ʵһ㣬ɲƺ˴ۡ
ƺע⵽Ѷţߵ߱ǰ£ӻȡǰ˻Σ繫ӵѣ㿴ܵǸˡ˭Ūģûйϵ
߱꿴ȥǲʶ֣ĩ˵ӡ¿Ƭ̣ƺĻ㰴಻סҪе졭졭ո͵ϮңΪ
ո߱˵Ϊ˶ǮŽ繫ⵥ⡱һӱַ֣Ҳ֪¶²صǰձӴźɽݼסٻ
ɽʮϤ㽫ﰲһɽʯлԸء
ǴɽǳΣ߱ԭƶûԼ·ûҵ˭֪ոջؼұϮ͵ϮƺҲԴ˴ָƣʳɽò㽫Ρ
ƺüԷʣˣ
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ºϻ޲ƺҲûƽϣֻɫΪѿү˻𣿡
ߣȴ˵߱Űվͷˣʹǹȥ
Ϊ˽˵壬ٴƺ˸Ѻɽ
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ڰȴԸ߱˿ûӰ죬ű۰򴦵˿ڣƵǰߴ·ɵһһĹƺ˱ܿ塣
ԻȻɽʮϤĿ綼ãҲ֪ǲ츳
ƺӰ˼⣬Ǹոձʸ֮߱͵ϮͬϤΣҲɽԻ
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ǶչüˣĻֻ֮˭أ
ƺڰĳĳˡĳ׵ĿǰȥѰҹߣӦòǴˣĳǡǡҪֹȥҹѰ˵ε¸йء
ĳӦ֪ĳʲô򲻻֣ɼȻ֪ΪʲôֱֹĳףǷѹֹţ
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һţһĬĬһֳ߶ӵĩˣͬʱѵעΧ
ɽ·дһʱ䣬ԽһСϪ߱˳ָǰһƬде֣ͷǴǶˣֺɽ
ƺʮֲãѹС㣡
Ҳ˱ս׼ֶ䵶ϡ
Ϊǰ첻йܣԼǡ֮߱һ·ûôۿѾ˳ɹĿĵأ˿ҲŵôţʯлԹ򶼲˵ѾƷˡ
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͡õĶͨʿ߱Ϊ˵ַʱ·õĻӣԼղнֹɣ;òһ㣬Ҹо֮ˡ
ƺЦһʲô˽뿪פأ¾ôֵܣ˱ôģ֪̫
߱粵ֲңֻڨڨ죬ƺ֡
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˶⣬ƺͣסŲϡڴ򶷣رʯл͵Ϯˡᴵڣþλ缰ԭش
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˵ôô춷죿
ʯлҲҭһʱᣬ֪ηʯ磬ˣָŶԷ㡱˰ҲûȻۿǱҪˡ
ڴʱ⴫ϸĽŲȻóԷƣ뷢죬ƺ˸һͷǸ߱꣬˲ԼţԴ˽
Ųúܣʯлɺ˶ȴʱͷ˭
ûһ㵽ƺصʯں󣬰һãȻĸ߱ץ˸ţʱ̬
߱꿴ⳡ棬ʱŵæƺ󣺡ͷûΪʰɾأŸҽ
߱꣬㾹ȻǵĲ֮ظˣлһ߱ôԶţֱ޳ܣ
Ǳҵģִ򲻹ǣ߱ɪذƺǰƣⲻϽˣ繫ˣ
ʯɵشƺֲһߣƹ֮ƾʲô㣿
ƺᣬĵǸɵʲô𣿾ﵹһң
ӻͳ飬Ӹʯ磺繫дģԼ
˵ǰ¡¶ˣλѣ벻żİɣ
ĿԣһͻȻƶȴǸƺ֣ǲʯڽ˸ͷԽƺ͸߱꣬ڵ֮󣬾ֱˣ
ƺߣ򶼲ܣ
߱ǵĶ֣ԼҲֻһˣԶԣֱܣǷ˰쾢Ĳ֮ΪΣ
˵ô
ô»ڣ
߱ؼȥżƺ͡ˣ׷𣿡
ȻҪ׷ƺζؿһۣŵ׷˳ȥ
߱оһЩҪεһƤͷڨڨؿ˿ʯлԣоϵ飬ȷģϵɻ˴룬߱Ծʮֱġ
ҡҳȥæ߱겻ڴ˵ر˳ȥ
лҲҪȥȴʯס󣺡ңҪ
лҪ˵
Уֱһ£Ҳ
磺ҼҶйúòáϲô
Уһȥ


44 
ƺܿ׷ӳڵ, ӵǴ
˹ʵͬһ㽭ʿѵصӣ˴˼ĬҲ, ֻǽֲʮ, ƺЩ
ʱߵĴս, ԶʱռϷ硣
ƺǺ˲, סԷһ٩ֵܣ滹˺, ºúһģҾжΡ
ʲôĵģû̹£˵Ц
ƺòȫ֣ѵĦ, ź͵سӵƺ̹
ڸ, Ѿ׼ˣ˭֪ټ, һ׼ƺСȣƺˣƽ, ǺҲŽȥʧȥĿ, ۣҧء
ƺ, һ˽֣һߵ飬ȥﺺ磡
̳ս֣ŵС
ǰЩͶһ̽׼Ǻˣȵ˽֮ʱಡһ
ƺҪڣԭ˱۰򣬿Ǽ֮ʱԷͻȻˣǶ̼˵ĺ󱳣˵ϡ
Ҳ¶λá
粢δ⣬ϾԷûй֣Լ㱩¶Ҳûϵطϣ˫ĿǺˣҪ׼ٳһ
˵УƺǺ˲ֹЩ֧ѹŴĸоʮֲˬȫע֮Կ
ܿóǺͼ˳мΪ壬ȫƾǿ˫֣ԷδռϷ硣
ƺ˲ԣԷߣƫߣԿǴأ޷սپ
˾ƺͼһϸ֣񫣬ֵαҲ̫˰ɣ
ܾʹܣʵ˵ҪǸӣܲôƺһܹԷһ٩ϧѧղֻܸôȥˡ
ôǫ飬ҿͨˣϻģ籨֣ҲޣҲò໥Ϊѡ٩ﵶ沢û˿иѰƺҪȥ㿴ҲˣǸһô
֣԰ϸ롣
ƺƽʱҲǸ죬ϸͬϹģȻҲֵ٩ͼ׻ⳡܴòķѿˮ
ֻĻ̵˼أڴ̫˭Ҳ˵滰
֮ʱһֱǺתȦܣƫΪƺ·磬յͳ˹ȥ
ƺպöս࣬ţƤһʩչ˿̼çײܹ󡱣ʱĵã
ܷףǺȻҲܾ쵽죬ͲͷƺתӭĹƣۡ󿪴Ϲ˼Уþǳٳ
˳һؿڣ߷һԶ
ƺ״º˽ܣæӵ˹ȥͬʱ飬սҵģ
ս˵ĳЦ⣬ô
⻰ͬһĶĤҧĴԣʱʧȥǣȫƺĻ
ûƺܷŵݹװ˵أʢ˺˵ļһͷӵۣͨٵٴιȥ
Ȼں˽ǰ֮ʱоСȱһͻȻĶһ۵Ĵ̹ǣͻȻʧȥƽ⣬ûӦһתѾһͷԵ˵ϡ
ֻ̧ͷҹǺ֮ôģǰѩ׵⡪
һ̣ۣĲ޵ؽԼˣдѪ죬мȶȵҺ彦ϣȻԼȴûۡ
ۣ磡
ֱˤ˺˽űߣ˼ʱ˸ƺĵֱɣתͱ
ƺ񵶣ֻͽֳǺ˳ȭţ˳һȭͷеת˷һͱƺ£
˳Ӹµؿã
˵תżһ㣬ȥӰ
Żˣƺߣ˫סµ˿ڣſǻ磡ԲҴˣҴ
ƺ۵Σҧţͷϱųĺ飺ܡܺӣȻȻҿӡǵô㡭һپ
˵ˣ˵ˣͷҶУؿ⣬ȥдֲ뿪ƺ벽һʱ֮䲻֪Ǻá
ƺ£üޡ
˫մƺճѪ㡭㻹𣿡
ˡͱòƺ̾˿ҷϻ𣿡
ŶŶŶæƺۣʹ
ƺ˵أܸоһֱڶȫʪ͸۵
һ߼ߣһ̲סֿ±ƺҧ촽ҷ
˰ôƺȻõ۵ҲֱƣСӡǰҿɥɣ
磬ӽҵģ˳ӣûںھ޷ݣֱʱ򷴶֪Ҫ˵ʲôʲôҾʲô֤ĺ
ƺ˿ڣоȫߵѪҺˣԽԽأ̫ѹ㲻ұ¶װûһ٩㡭٣͸áҵģҪ㡭ʲôáðȢϱ̫̫Ǯ
ѾԼ˵ôࣺҲȢϱһź㣡˵ˣټһ¡
⺢һʱļƺǰߣûأƺоԼҪʬֱ۶Ҫϣҵʱôˣô
ƺɴ⣬ŵһͻȻˣ̧ͷķ˭֪ǰһڣűʧȥ֪
һûкúϢڵУ˯һȴƫƫΣһҲȡ
ٴμ˹ɽһ̣ըǳȺɫġĻ⣬ɽУһ绯Ϊҽ
常
Σÿһϸڶ£ָεѡĶҪͳĸоԾô
һ˲ͻȻϵԺ
ĴԼߣ׿ӦиǸŻĴ֦ϵҪԼϣ̧ȥ֦ʵڴأֻڿд˸漴׹ȥ
ƺԼ˾ˣ׿Ӧȥһ£ôŬߣȴˮǧɽ
ֻؿ֦׿Ӧϣ䡱һƯһпˡ
С
ΪʲôҾȲ常ֻסУһŻʲô壿
磿ѣ
Ƿģ
ȰУƺԼ˵
û£繫ȥ٣ˣ
ƺ͵˿԰ΣҺǸΡ
磡۰үô£ô˵ƫƫǲأſǻ
ܺôôܿޣѳŵˣУһ١
ƺۣǰеף㡭
˾ͺá˿
ǰ۾׵øƵģ磬ˣ
˵ôţŻ˰ʱ㿪㡣ĺൽһȥƺˡ
ƺЦЦȴЦһĿԣϽˮȡ
µ˿Ѿˣһ۵ҪҲǧҲǲ̡
ˮ˷ΣоһЩƺżʵأ
ɽ֮УǰԼˣʯлԣȻɣ⣬ǵһ䡣
İɣԱ߶ˣɢ˻֮⣬û˴ոշ˽ҩ繫˻и߱꣬Ǳչˡ
֪£ƺ룬ʣûץǺˣ
¶ԭѾ׼ڶ֧˭֪ſǸ֦ȻڹؼʱͻһǶˣЩϵ
˶񣬱Ǻ˿ӣŵĨˡ
̫ˡüôֵһ֦ɣô˵ϾͶϣ
ƺ˼ţ֣
һģԴӱϵһ֮Ͳҿʯڴһ۵ؿƺٻϽƨƨߵشյǰ
ǰǺ˳Ϊʲôˤ
ҡϸ˺һڰǡͻȻһۣûˤġ
ȣӾҿ
ѥӰѿܾŷСȻȭͷһϣ
ôǰƺˣûԼȣҲûۣ֮ˤˣеС˲⣬ֻǾôΪΡ
ƺһۣﶼ뷨
ʱ߱ͻȻ˳˽ֵܣ̫ˣҾͷ
ƺ΢΢һͷлּǹҡ
ӦõӦõģϾ¶ҲҶȻˣֵҲоգǿˡ߱㬵˵Ҫʲôôҿô繫ӽ
⻰˵Ϊ˽ƺûƽϡʯлҲƺкʾкתָɣѾ⣬Ǳչˡ
ʯҲǴεģƺ̬תãֵϸλ֪ʲôţ
ƺȻѾӵ磬λǾɽ繫ӸǣҡҺж㣬ȥ˳̫ۣ¸繫鷳һˣȹһǡ
лԵҲã֪Ǵȥδ
ϧɽλѾ¶Ȼһ󡣡ƺ߱꣬Ƿ֪Ƚεɽɹգ
ԣüδ໰
߱ͷУɽúܣһȥһ
ǱáƺֿʯлԶˣˣ鷳λɽ飬ʱúл繫ӡ
һͲ⣬ƺǿԷζԼոշҪ˼ҵĺʱˣͷŶ
ԺҲȷʵûʲô󰭣״Ҳãƺģû֮ǰǴʯлԺߣҰǴ󲿷װҲˣ˸Եı֮⣬ֻ˴ҩҺͼõ
ȥƺи߱·ѰµĲ֮ضȥ
زøžˣټƺﶼ˺ţ˼ߵò죬еҹɽ˼
ƺһߣһ߸߱лɵɽ߱ǶԴƺʣԼϲ˵û꣬˵ôͱϲһֻӣôץһֻƯİ׺ƤëϺõļ۸
һСǰһƬ֡ƺͷоǽɽأΧθնֵܣѣһ˱Իµôã
嶼бǣ￴˿һܱλұܾС߱г⣬ҪǲСİɽˣٸҪġ
Ŵұ֣˼Ӳݴ߱ǰѵ߿壬ҵĽŲҲĶǱġ
Ӧˣ󣬸߱ͣͣƺڷֱ·űżʯ飬һƬݵء
ƺ߱ƽȥҲ첽ϣ˭֪һʯ飬ýһĵã
ϧӦٿҲʯһƬڱĲݸǻݣͬʹһһ޴


45 
Լһɶɸ, ײҲһɿµͬʱȻһľɵ״ӡʵʵظסˡ
ƺӵ, ˤ˸߻, ˿ڱ, һʱ侹û
, ţô
ƺҡҡͷû¶һ°á
ͷǡӡɫʮѿ
˿̸߱ſ, ұˣòȻóõû£һֻҲ̧ôصľ, żس󺰣ֵܣֵܣû°ɣ
ƺ˿ں˵ŭضŸ߱˻ȥ, ⵽ôﲻ
߱ί治֪ǰߣһ¶û, ôǲ˾͵ȥأǲûҵĽӡߣ
˭֪ǲǰ߶ʲôأҪĿǣǲĶܵҹɫ̧ͷֻܿ߱ǿźɫԴ, ûðɣô, ʹ˵ɣ
֪ھҲ˵, ɣȥɽ¸繫ӱţǣ𣿡
һӣôͰˣ
߱ΪѣһҲŪӣҪ԰꣬ȥӣⶫٰһ˰ɣ
ƺԱߵ˵ϻ߰ɡ
㣬ҪȻȥŪ㣡
Ϻϣͻؼӣĵңܿ
ϴO@ĽŲŶϸһƺԶˡ
ƺͷһ
Χһʵ磬㾿ʲô㣿
ڸ߱ðʧɽ¶ԼڵʱƺͿʼɵ㣬Ҳйء
쵽ɽ֮ʱ߱Ȼ±˲֪ƵġԻģʱмȴ֮⣻
ߣԼһǺ¡¶˲֮ʱʯлɽɢֻǻδԣһ֤ºֵˣֻпǸ߱ꣻ
ƺǰ˵Ҫһʱʼ߱꣬˵һԻѾ鷳ǰǰ㵨Сµı֣ӦæѲǣû뵽һڴӦоֹǰһʵɡ
³ŵ䲻ƺĴ㣬֮䣬ҲĻɣһֱƾͼơ
ҲҲԸ´ҵطҲӣҪôƺһɸոɽ˵߱һġ
Ĳ²⣬һɽȸ߱ſ˵ǣǲųٰ̬֮չü£ͼ
һƺܣǲ뱻ץסѶʣһʱ߱ȻҪ
߱ôһΪ˲ȡǵΣô⴦塣粻м湻Ѿġ
߱ͬ﹦Ƿܳɹ͵Ϯ飬عҲټϤɽΣǲѣϷΪʲô̽ǵʵ
ƺͷţӦңϵ飬ܹȳܲʯлԾ쵽룬߱ĿȫԱ
԰ҪͻȻʯɽǻȫڸ߱ˣһ˰У˭֪ѣȵ˶ûС
ǰƺ룬˵ҲΪһ벻Ǳˡ
Ϊ˵£˼ȣ¶ţɴɽȥҰСƺңǽƾͼƣҲø߱ϰزôɵ֡
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߱Ҫȥץ飬ջһЩҲܾ
ôȥ˰УܹģҲԼ
ƺһδ˵㲻Ϊ˵˽ģ뻹ЩȻ
߱굽ʲôˣƽԹ޳ΪҪץǣ֪ǰȥʵѵǶչüģ
ҹչü¶ҪˣӦûô֪类ġٲ֪ĸ߱ǶչüˣǶչüȥϵĴլϹˣǶġ
ƺͷҲô룬Ʋ⣬߱꣬٣ǽˣĿץˣýǡֻȫĻһŲȽ
ľݴװ˵ţ˵һֱ˼ϣҹլô¹ȫǶ֪Ҳ϶߻жϵ˽磬صôֻãȵľǱˣϵ飬ˡ
߱굽ʲôˣѹˣڶﶼûԹô¿ɺãһֱ˹ţιҩȻֵǾˣڱ˵ʵˬǶչüΪ˶˶ץǣ߱ΪʲôѲɳ͢ΪץǣѾͣˣҲӦ֪Ŷԣ
ƺĬƬ̣ͷûи潻֣үãǺº¶ˣûǣ
Ǹ˼˿ôģ׵ʱеģһǸƢֳּ壬Ҳ֪Լôƽġ
žءƺЦɱģѾûˡ
ͷԣ⵶ȷʵҲô˵Ҳô£Ǻ˽ʱܸоֻ뾡ѡ
ǻһκ͵ûиоϤ
ʹһ˼⣬ƺʲôĿഥͬҲ飡
Ȼô˵ƺҲ㲻ٻԼжϣɽ۲˵վζܹѵҲڳˣʱһһʽҲеѵۼȻѾʮֲԣԼ˻ܸоġ
ԣѹָǺ˶ԴĸоǳϤѹָ߱ƾһ֧ʶĲ֮
˵Щƣ漴ҲԸ߱ϵļ룬Ҳ˵ˣô
ԻϱȻм룬мδԻȴԼ档
߱Ӧ˵ãṦƺոǼʯͷȴûд壬ҹɫ
ûǺº¶ˣƺô˵ҲĲ²飬ǾôᵽĪӱ
ӱҲ֣Ǹ߱꼰ͬˣɽʮϤ˺ܾá粻м
ƺ룺ӱ˳ӳо֮˵İǿܾΪ˻ݶ飬Ű¡
ɫһݣ˼ǡ
ǻǵãдŸ塢ȥץǵǸô
ƺطûͨϢҪذѸ׿Ӧڷɳ¶˵һ飬ᵽˡĳסԼġĳҡ
˶ʱᣬͬƲһ¡
ˣҪֹǼ飬߱꼸ĳҺĿԺܴټǿܳ顪ĳҡѵǺ
ϴƲ⡰ĳҡʱ㻳ɹɵʱΪҶû˵ȥ
˵ϣԽԽ
ϾΪһؽУ˵Сһ߱Ϊ˱Ҳ˵ùȥ
ǡָʹ¸أҪͨѹĸһ𣬼˽һʹ
֮ǵĲ²⣬߱ܺУڴ˵Ǽˣ˶ǵȽϤһжϣܼʱ
ֻǰǱ߶Ȼҿչü֮߱лٰԻ˵Ļݴͣ㡣
Աƺ˲òϣ˵ļƻõġƺĴһ㣬˵С
ڿ;ͬ飬ƾͼƺⱻƺһ飬Ӧ
ĬƬ̣ƺ⣺Ҳ֪鵽û١
°еİɣ٩ոԵʱ򣬿һֱ˼ҵ֡
ƺμĴ𣬵İΣ
Σѳôǹңôûμ磿
ۡЦˣС磬飡
翴ƺЦ˼Ұоͳʲô˼ġôϲβ׷ҿҲġ
⻰磬˼
ƺڿӱϣ£תƻ⣺ˣУүҿ
ʿɶֹûټЦӱͳҩң⿪ƺıֹѪ
һǴĶǴǽӦû⣬ô죿𣿡
ƺͷţȵȵȣ߱һʲôýյָָ

춼ˣûƺϢ׿Ӧϸ׼ĵ񻨴Ǹߴ겻ȥ߬ſ̴ľʶĦš
ϼ׿Ӧһ˴ģӲȥתһȦϵ꣬Լ䡰˼׿ӦûЯҵϰߣֻһŷ㶡
ߵʱ֪ôģ˵һ̴ľľֻðָ߳һָߣǿ鲻õĲϣֻֽҲ֪׿ӦҪá
ϱҪǮΪ򣬷ԼֻʣǮ׿ӦϣҪԼǮ̴ľˣ½ϣ׿Ӧи˰죬˶
ʵû˼ϣƺͬߣܸо˯ŵʱҲʱ̱־ģѾϰߣ㴦ڰȫĻҲ˯̤ʵ
ǰʦ˵̴ľ򶨰У̴ľƺкô˲丣飬ľƺĥһ֧
ܲ˼ֻǲ˵ưˣҲȥ
Դӽϻ׿Ӧо߬ľûɿ
ſģ̾˿ǾóʱڳĺĺӦиαôİҰôãµģ
׿Ӧֱ˾˸ʲôʲô飿
ⲻ̵ģġ۵ָӣҳһţһţᣡ
׿ӦпɵЦˣ˱ݸˣȿڲȥ˯
Ų豭Ҿ˯ɣ
Ϊʲô
Ұ㰡СԾúܣ㳤ҹߡ
סס׿ӦΣ⺢ӣôҲѧѧġ
ѧҲᰡҪҸ㱳𣿡
ˣҲᱳ
ǲ㱳ѽ~
׿ӦУ
׿Ӧбҭ˵Цۣڣ͹˲ż˰ɣ
׿Ӧĵǲżˣұ꣬ӡ
ʱŽϣЦе˵У㿴˭ˣ
硭鰡׿Ӧпŵ飬ʧԵʵʣֱһʯͷڽϡ
Ҳû˼ô࣬ɵ
׿Ӧбװ磬ҲһЩûϳ
Ͽ׿Ӧ⸱ڲסĽģЦˣһˡ
ߵǰͷô㰡Ұأ
ŲСƨػֱӶ׿Ӧеи磬ҵˣе飬ǶĿ̫󣬸鷳ɽҸط
Ϊʲô飿׿Ӧпϣˣ
̹ȻãȻɢ
⵹Ҳ׿Ӧûپ飺пɻ˳Ƕ𣿡
ʵȻǡǡĵʵǡ
죬ƺĶ
֮ǰƺ˻رܣ˵Ҫ¸յǰ׼˵Ļ
˭֪ƺһĲӣѹҪҸ˵£ȥٸӶپס𣿣
ˣʯлԶһ飬©
һĻеƤ񣬶׿ӦеأҺ磬ر󣡡
׿Ӧƺ鶺ʱ龰Цˣ԰ģǾͺáʲô㣿ٺһ𣿡
ͷţҲҸŵģҾͺɡ
׿Ӧ̽ѯؿһۣϻ⣬Ȼû⣬⣬ͷ¶Ϊá
ؿ׿ӦУҲܺһô
ôôճˣӦи绹Ҫ죬ˡɣ£漸졣
һ˵ţһߵ϶ǵӣҹЦ԰
նˮû˺觰ӣңɵ̿ˮ
׿ӦУ
⺢ӻǵúúԼУ
лҪ˵
У߸ֺѾˡ
磺³Тӣߺߡ
ҲԲ
磺ԡ
У˭ף


46 鷳
ȻլԺ, ٵĺԺ֮ԱһСԺӹϢס̲ڣ׿ӦкҲСԺ᷿
׿ӦСΣɳ, ֻܱԺ, һ㡣
Ҳҿ, Ȼ顰ζ塱һ, ϸ׿Ӧжûմֻȥɧ飬һȥ, Ȥ
ʮ걻һ꺢ˣת鲻վͿҪˡ
׿ӦĲֹ̣̹ܽܽӳҰ, Ϊ˵ⲻƭҲá
⻰Ҳ, 鲻ͬڳŵˣûֱսľ, ƺ˵ĬȫƾѵȷʵЩ£Ҫ
׿Ӧܾ, ֮ףôһִݻ, ʵϧôСͣ˼̫, ·
ǿ׿Ӧеĵǣ΢΢һЦУ˸˭ԶõаҵģֻҪֵƶã۶ЩԱ
׿ӦﲻȴҲ֪ηֻաҲû˼£һֻ뾡ȫݳǰƺ鱨
ϸ˼֮󣬾׿ӦǸĽȷʵУŵıʦæѽĳɽ衣
׿ӦǺ˷ܵģû˷ܶãʦѸĺõĽһ飬еԼ̫ˡ
赸뽣֮Ҳмͬǿᣬǿգ䱾Ѿдᣬ軹һ㣬ܶʽΪ赸ս˵Ͷȼޡ
׿ӦнܴﵽѰܼͶȣ׸ıĽǰƺԶ
ǽ죬ϰŵĶʦ衭ЩѵҲ棬׿ӦбҲҧˡ
ʦΪ˽׿ӦλСͳƨɣ׿ӦеһαݻЩĨӣʦŵŮǹΧۣ׿ӾòҪ
ЩŮǌ׿Ӧеò⣬ϾƯĹͺÿСıȱȽǣ˭Ҳϰ塣
ЩСΧһȦߴߴ۵Ķ׿ӦеĶΣ˵Ĳ㣬׿ӦоԼ·ǵֱϷˣĺӣͲ֡
ֱ־ϵ˫شݲС
ÿɢܣصڴ϶붯·ûУֻӻܶʱ򣬾ܻƺ
ղģǷ񰲺ã
Ϊʲôң
ֳʲô°ɣ

ƺߵȷµ鷳
ҹ߱˵ҪȥӻǣƺƵĿ£˭֪˾һȥˣ
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֮⣬ԷռʵԽ
ǵгᱸһЩڱĳʳɵıӣɱϾ࣬Ҳ֪ᱻＸգ˲Ҷԣǿάѡ
һհȥѾ꣬߱ûг֡
ƺûôԶˮݹҺдڣ˿ڷףҪ˵ĿĲδɣ˿̱ǰո顣
飬Ҳ飬ܾʯͷԼĽţһԲ죬ʵѻҪ
ȥǵðǸ߱˺˲ɡ翿ڿӱڣ˵ȻûΪͲǶô
Ůӣӻ¿ӱڹںа֣ļͷԼؿڡ
˵ŮܲףƽҲû統Ůӿֻͬսѣû˻ƽЩС¡
Ļȷů֪Լ˼ܻҪӣΪ˱ϺȣҲֻȨȡᡣ
̶Ҳˮʪ̸ֻܵ˽ƶĿıԹǰźץˣҪһ͵ģǲҲ鷳ôͽݴ͡
⵹Ҳ˵ͨɽ˴˼߱ˌּϤ϶û˻ᵽҲǻᱻ˾ߡǲ鿴ƺ˾Ͳö֪ˣƽҲ嶥иOO@@ĽŲ􌝷أѱ˻Ƕ
ֻȥʵڲУ֮£ƺ˸С
ʹǽסӱڣԵ󣬽渲ǵŲһ졪Թ֪֮߱˵һƲ綼һŲǡ
߱ƭ˼ֱ֮УҲûþ棬Ȼ֮ᣬҲʡˡ
Ǵڿӱһ˸ǽ˭ȥͿȥƿǣ⣬ժҰ伢˳⡣
Ȼٻصװ·
׵ģͽ
˽ҹɫȥһ֮󣬻صڣԌһҲǲ˭ȿʼЦģ֮һЦҲ̲סЦһš
ײЦ
Ц߲᣺Ӿʹûô˳
ЦһֱڲʲôЦ˵һӡ
ʼٸǧүģǵò߱굽˭ɣҪȻ挝۰¶˵ȥ˭ţ
Ҳû취ȻƾͼƵݶϣϷȫסεЦҡͷҲ̫
֮ұϰˣ첻жҹͻȥһֱ޾գҲûΧаӰҲ֪߱ôôģô
ֻһΣƺȥ˰Ż˺òġʱѪɫд˿ڣȻָ˺ˡ
ôģֻ˵ժûȣæץסԱߵ֦ɣһͳ˿ڡ
ú飬ƺֻٺЦţ޿κΣ
գȥѰҰ֮ʱڣһԶĶűؿӵף˳ֽǽˣ
ƺһƻ£
˵˱״ɵ
Ҳ˲㲣ƺֻּǿҰ˿̸˫հݣɫ԰ףģô¡
ǽŲҲˣ˵ôɱˡ
šôǶǾѵģ˵Щ˾ˮʳҲܻʮ죡
ƺĵĻôҲ̫߿ˡ˹Ȼ֪ǵݣ
˵Ƕ죬ƿ֮ʱƺϿЦⲻĺô
µ׵ǵ࣬Ȱƺ˵ıϢϢ΢ĵϻ㱨õ󣬽ǵֽŰ˰ӵ壬ŷһƽ峵ϡ
ǰƺ΢΢ۣյĺˣ˿ź£۲װ⶯촽˼ģ
ǺЦˣ֣˺Щնе¡
ƺգգۣƺҪ˵ȴֺű㡰˹ȥ
ۣԵҲԵ˼£絹ûʲôǺһ£ƶƽ峵ʼɽߡ
ɽ·᫣ƽ峵һ·ʵܣûôģҲߵ߻أƺЩ³θﲢûʲôҲֻܸŻ
мˣ˼䣬Щ˳ţֻɽߡ
ƺװʱʱѵӣŶǶ˵Щʲô˽䱸Ҳǿɽɽ£ֻǺ˽ڣ˽к͡ҪҹǴһС庮ӡȥ
ŵɽ£˽ƺ˴ƽ峵ֱתƵС
ʱҲװΣ׷סѡ˹ֻģͷɥڳв
ǰһмƺ͡ںһжŴ磬ںߡ
ǰУƺڳŲ紵ļ϶ȥ׿Ӧʱ·ȻҪǵӡ
صģ˷ȥҴͣҪǡڹǣЦᡣ
ƺһĴ֮ڲͬ
ƽ̹Ȼ棬δشӦֻܳ²ߡڵֻҪλٷһóԺúźš
ﵭƳһۣôҪһӣ
ǵڣֻλ죬ͷλͻԭȥ
磬λôƺʵʲô
ȻԸ֪λ԰ꡣ
˳ǣ֪ʲô֮أٷĳҲڶ
ƺٴȥֻ·һֺ׳۵ĽſŵƽʣҪףʲôƵġ
·ϼˣֻͣƺϸϸĻᡣ
Ҳ⿴һۣЦǧϵǳôû٣
٣ƺûڣӵĳ
ǡʱſ֧һӣһվǻƷͷ㡣
ǻֻǼʹճһ翵Σû׼٣ƺˣƫƫͻؿ

գ׿ӦȶҪˣʦžĽ赽ˡԼˡĳ̶ȣֵȻֻһ˱ԺƵÿҪë
ýһ׿ӦУɴ۾˾ˣӦиÿ
ƽ׿ӦСۣβԵʮָһɫ۴䣬һɴۣͷ٣ֱֳ趯ʱƮƮҷɣ˼ȳУֲʧһ㡣
Ϲϣৡһȣƣŭ罭⡯УȷʵƯ
˹һѱס׿ӦеͷӦи磬ĺϵɣ˺ÿҲÿܲܽҰ
û׿Ӧпȿ˿ڣѧʲôѲҲ벽ҵĺ󳾣
ǹŵЦҲȴ͸һζ˲
ʱŵñɫ׿Ӧе㡣
һԵĶʦͼԹ۵ŮҲͷС鲽Ҵ뿪賡
׿ӦԴпãͷҽ㽣ܻԼҲܻž˾ˡ
ţһúѧСװصͷ
ϾһŴӳҲ֪ո˵ǰ㻰ȷʵǷסֻϾǸӣһʱûпȫҲ⣬ﶼˡ
׿Ӧеͷʹ˸ɫսսһСһСŲߣס֣˻Σ˾ˣ֪ˡ
ҲûڣÌôԼƽʹ޵ľУ˵һʵǲ⺢Ӹ֮κιϵ
ΣڴԼ
ʱˡ
뵽б಻ᣬãȻ޴СɱͣסãԺѧЩõġҲû㹦Σѧˣ
أˣɫæ˾ΪһҶԺǾ˾
ЦЦḧķҪڶల䣬賡ſڴǸϤĴЦʲôˣҵ϶Ǻã
׿ӦѭȥһŹվſڣһɫƽۣθߴͳ͸ζǵسƺϣ˱Ƕչüˡ
չüϣӰתҲ׿ӦвشҲȤ׿ӦС
˵ȷ˵úÿȴס
ƺһյţ׿Ӧпƺ͸ԺǶ˶һڵصľӡ
λչüȻţȴһòӢӢȴһаԣʱĿ¶׹⣬Щͱ˵˼·һҲŶ
˿̶¶ֻ۾Ŷչü
뵽ˌϲֹһεĺ֣׿Ӧбð𣬲ɵǰһʶҪš
չüʮУϸǰͣ˽ţζؿ׿Ӧʵ϶λǣ
Ȼо˲Ҳûеͣ˼
ǰЩϮ£·ѹռһݣĵ׵ľѾǷݰ⣬Ÿչü˵ҪΣڼˣȴһﶼʮ˵ʲôû塣
㵭СҶҸġڴ׿ӦУУǡ
ιǰɣ׿Ӧй֣ؿŶչü
СҶӦСչü¹Ц⣬ֺҲÿôҪͶ϶𣿡
Լ֣׿Ӧһθ˵Ŀ⣬˿Ƶشϻ۵Ĳֱ֮
лҪ˵
ŭ罭⡱ԶŸ۹轣С
磺ҿϱڳĹۣ
У
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47 ִ
ȻܿóչüеĿ̽, ͷͻȻһš
ͶʲôôҸ˵еѾ˾ȳȥˣ, ұˡһḧķ, 䵭, ʦרϰ, ЩСɣɽյ, Եʻŵطꡣ
չüȻǵãϳҲ٣ȴûʲôѣȥ, СҶԭĽܹ˾ȳȥѣô˵ȡС
ɼ֪֮ûʲô, չüԾɲϲűˣŮ, ˭С
ƽ̬粻Ҳԭ
ֻһˡ
Ŷ, ΪҪ⽣裿չüЦЦؿ׿ӦУ赸, жţ
׿Ӧ﷭˸İۣΪ, ǿչüӣػҾңʲôҲ±ôҡ̫ĳЩ飬顣
˵úãԣأжɫ
չüδ׿ӦеĳգȻشסϵļŵ̶㵽׿Ӧ
ִԼʱͻػӲǰҲչüѿš
ЦǰϲľĻȴǸѣȴ߲·ԼѾѱһ㡣
ʲôжɫҲŲЩֻԼϲ¡׿Ӧֱֳ˸ý볢һñϿôֻѧ棬ʦ˵ݳʸΪСϸ⣬ҲֵùһϾôչҡ
ôչüƫͷߵϣ°Ȼղʱֻ˵裬֪ݳʲôʱأҲһ׿ӵķˡ
δϿڣ׿Ӧбȵǽˣ
Լεشۣ뵽ԼСԺﻹһ飬㿴ȻԺ˺úɨһ屸ˮԡ˵ȿ
գգۣϵ˼ͷӦ£һûӰˡ
չüĿţЦСܵõǿ졣Ҳ׿Ӽϰȥϴһ糾Ϻϸ⽣衣
˵գһ֣תҲ賡
ԶϲžԼȷһԵϣ̾˿УݳӦġ
׿ӦҲ֪Щףǿ߶չüʢ˵ļƣֻѳڣҲ޷ջء
ߣǸСϸ磬ļˡϾһҲ̽ϢҲûкǱߵʵס뾡¶棬Ҳڻ
ϳü΢ֻǲ̫չü㡣
׿Ӧ˵Ҫ٣ǴӦһֱģ㲻ӦҲûޣԼǰţܺù¶ˣֻƺȥ̽Ϣµûָ
ҲһʱȨ֮ƣǲѣϻ治ϣ׿Ӧͷ¶档
˭֪ƺǱ߲֪ʲô⣬ٳٲ֣չüǻˣ׿ӦļԼٵʵζչü۾
׿Ӧںֲ֪뺺һġ
չüڶ࣬ǺڽºӦܲ鵽˴λӦþҪ£ȻŹκһϸڡ֪ŵĹϵ֡
һ磬ûϵۣҵġ
׿Ӧüʲôܰô
㣬㣬׬Ǯϱ˵־׿Ӧƺ̫Ѷչüһ£һҧ˵ˮҲûӵ
ѣҲô׿Ӧš
ϿЦĻѣ
⻰٣ĸСġＴˣߵýЩչü֪ã֪ˣСĻǹǲɫ˫һὫ˷Ͻܡ
ص˶࿴һۣЩ˶ᱻĪҲ磬ȭŶģǵƦå㲻ñŪöĶС
ʱԭ򲻹ƣҲҿϣҲû˸˲ų׿ӦСƺʱ龰
ϻΪǴ׺֪ⲻǶչüĶռҲͲٸй˴֮֡
׿ӦгĬƬ̧̣ͷСϸ磬Ҳ롣ҾѰʦһ𣬾ѵ׼ʲôΡңҽ֪пܸչüֱھᣬˣ
ϣ
֪㲻ϣұֵ÷ͷ̫ʢ鷳׿ӦҲҪͷֻϵʵ̫ãٲȡ֪Ҫĵ¡ڶչüãƫҪע⣬ܴϲЩڱģҲ̫ģʮ깦ҲǰѧģԱ´ࡣ
ˣҲ˵ЩʲôֻõðɣҲúÿ㡣
׿ӦԲԲ۾ֹջһ˵ǰûչüˣֻۼլԺѾó䣬ڼ䣬Ķ㲻ֵСϸ磬뿪˰ɣȥˡ㻹ᣬһѰ˵ģ
ϵʹͷû˵
һ΢ⴵᴵޱһƳ׿Ӧпǰˣɰɼɥӣ־ÿ
ܲΪԼһأ
СҶЦˡЦ˵ǰ˵ģԳġ
ûЦ㣬ֻѹ׿Ӧе糾ɼûѡ뿪һˣɣ˵ĽңʵĻҲԼץסġʦ˵ҪߵʱҶһ˲һоͲˡ
ץסϵӣʹҡҡе¥ģΪʲôһԣ
һʱһʱϵӨϾͬһĵ񣬡ʱǴĿΪֻҪͻҸ
˵ҲЦУĶģЩĺȴ޶ΪԼֻҪģϧԼˡ
չüطգĵһ죬ҰյһֿܡԣԿʲôΣкξ壬ֻҪװһʧȥһҶԸ
£ڰվڶչüǰʱĶȸԾ뻶ϲչü˵Ҫһҵ̣Դάƣϰ壬Ҳܱѹʹࡣ
˭֪Լʮתת飬˵Ǳ㿪һϷݰɣУ֪ξӪɣ³ͨ´ҳ£ҵڣҲܶЩ
ʵң˵ǿһҲ¥ɫ嵭һ㣬ҲáװԼǸɾˡ
ô룬ﲻɾ׿Ӧŭ˷˽Լ鱨ȴ˿԰ǡˣ㣡
ĸԸãⲢҪѾ֪ˡббؿαϣɫЩƮʲôӪûϵһΪ£Ҳ֮㴿š
װӶȥЩǰѺۣΪӴ˳ֻƴھˣһҪġ
ĵĻչüʵߵˡˮԼķֶϽػصܣѰǳ̬֪һҲⲻǣ䷢˵ֻһˡǶôĶ˾ͺٲ
׿Ӧŭɶİ𣺡̫ˣ㣬ƭ㣬ΪʲôҪĸԸƭ
Ƥƽ޲ؿһۣ㲻ŶôڲΣ۾ǰ
㵱濴ô
Ȼʮˣ˭䡣ǸСʫұ׵꣬ҲǸϾˡģʸΪԼʲô
׿Ӧüܱܲô˵Լ
ô˵ӱʵ𣿡ϴۣ
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ȻʧЦ뷨ǡƣȡԼȻһ䲻ǳǮ˸߹Ǯ˵ͼô
ȫƨƨ׿ӦˣǰѽҿҴֻ̣ϧǰѽǱãʵû̼±۶ˡ
Ǽ㰴˵ɾƽѡĳӵ϶ûУֻţȻҲûʸ¡ҴĳһͻȻˡЦЦҵĸ飬밮޹ءչü˵ֻʱĵ׵ִҪõңסңҡ
׿Ӧк޺޵ӵϣô㵹ԼأԸôȥ
ɫ賡ҲƵˣǻ˵˶չüϢûһҿģƾ𽥱úڰ
ϿŹ߳٣ҹɫУһ˿ȫһ𣬿Բˣʵ㻪ۣǸõѪ⣬Ѫȴǽġһһֺ͸ӿֻ
ʧȥһе±ϣסԼеĶҪ˵֣̫ˡ
ΪչüûŷֹÿһζҶɱģҪԼһߡԾ
ʱҰͲԼɴϣʵʣһ˰ˡ
Ҫһ˰ˣ
ſڴ׿ӦкϿȥֻǸССӰɿ˹˽ϻſǻʵҾ֪Ǹ˻Ҫѹ˾ˣԺ㿪ģܲܺúûţ
׿ӦһֱչüĹ£һֱ˼ʣڵ֪˸ףȴԼ÷ιۡ
Сϸ磬·ԼѡģѣҲ˵ļӦֻҸ㣬ҲԼԸץסǵ֡׿Ӧվ˵·ѹŻ侲ɫˣȥ׼ϵıݡ
һŭţһ˼롣
ϷĻҲŮ뱡ɣʱƫţʲô˳ˡ
ԣҲǻԶԷãһԸҪҪģȤڣ
ΪԼųҵĽڣ
Сϸ籾˶ⶣΪβϧԼһ㣬ֻ쵰ʲô
ɱ˶չüɱСϸ缴޲ңҲǽ˰ɣУһɵٸȥǿô죿
ͷۣʲôʱ˺磬ɡ
ңҲǸһ̸˵ĵСǻҪԶô
Ҳ֪⵨СˣΪһֱûж
лҪ˵
УˣС
磺
-
ĵĵ~
ף2021ڿ~賿Ըȫʵ~ôôգ


48 
ų, ׿Ӧбݵĳضٵ׺
ǱȽϸŵ֮һרӴЩ߹ıͣݳҲղģŮ͸Ϊ
Ȼ, ʺ, ȻƤչ֡
Դ, ׿Ӧûݳν, ҲںԼǸŻǵףֻҪ㹻С
ⳡݳʱ⣬ץһ̹֮, мڽ͵С˿ͽܣĹӣ֪ͨҽҹйӡҪΪұݽ衣
ˣſڻŵƽ, ݳӣϻ׿ӦвӰС仭üΪ, ȴѽιճ߰˷ϣù֮Ʒͷ, ơ
󣬵ܽ׺͵˲ֻ࣬йڡ
ЩӵӵĹ, в˲ʱԼҲЩ˶ͻȻֵġйӡʮֺ, 
˽׺˰˷¡ض, Ǻϵ⡣
ˣҲֻΧſ˲عֻҪ֤ݳܸűá
ֻ֮СȦԵüƽײ㣬һۣܵθڣ⡰йӡĽڳԶ
ʱ׿ӦƵƵĿȺѰţ¶Щ΢ڴ
Ҳչ͸ǲķ϶չüѾŵλþ߻żѣЦ̸ʲô
˵䣬չüƺڿͶĿ⣬һЦ
Ͼ֪ԼǺһƵ׿Ӧеʵô
轣ѣʮ꣬Ȼšʵ΢ЩŵģϾ̨ôˣ׿ӦҲ֪ƺˣҲڣĿ⼯ſЩΧ۵ϣûҵϤӰЩʧ䣬İСϸ磬Ҳٶġ
ڸ̨һС˶̨ǰרְ⡣˿̣ʦѾλر䰵ư׿ӦдӿлƮҡ
ϰʱвͬǿ۴䣬ϰذף°Ϊīɫڿ趯ʱǷɣͬһīɽˮ⿴˱ʤա
ǸΪϸ˿֯˿в˽ߣӯƮݣŹԣһ׹˼ӡ
׿ӦеĽƮݳټϽڶĿ⣬òΪڳ֮˴Ϊ̾
٣Դ׷ţīҲĵʤѩˣڳüޣǳ˫΢׻ƻɣֱȻɶһ鶯Ĺ£ֻɫĿתЯſ飬Ŀȹˣƺǧ֮⣬ʻȻһ壬ζ
׿ӦȻ֪ԼıӮȫĹע˿ֻ֮ǲһƳͼ֮ȫŴͣ㶵ؿ
ǶչüžƱǿôˣüвһ˵˿Ӷ
ǲ֪˿̶չüȻ¿˸׿ӦɫȲ϶߷֣ôһױ㣬ǱзζνˮΪΪǡҲˡ
ˣ߼ۡ
Էôôأʵڿϧ
ѽβڴûг֣׿Ӧвźżſȥ˭֪һۣ㿴һӡ
ûεؿſߣŸ첲谵ҹɫģ壬൱ֻͨһ˫ڵӲǳȼʧһϵ顣
׿Ӧжʱ˷ܵӦӯص̨Ͽպһľϣƺƣ˿ȴ޸˽βĶһƮҡءɡϿա
˿ֻһƵƵСǰţգӪһ֮ͨ⣬Ӧ׷׿ӦеӰ׿ӦͬҹյǣȻӻ׹ȥ
ʼδһ㶣漴׿Ӧǿĵµ漴Ҳ΢Ц˫ۣУ˺ᱧ˸
ȫĿ۽ϣſڵƹ谵û⵽ϼһ
˽һ㶣漴γѰ㡰һˣ
һ裬׿ӦЩ˫պ޽ͷˮճߣЦǷĵĲãűߵӳ£㽿ޡ
Цúϲ£죬˿ޣһûɵ⣬ס˵ĲڶԷѽ
һһ࣬׿ӦУָ´ǵԺȥ˿·˵Ŀ⡣
˿׺˶쳤˲ӣȴѾӰ·еĻ͡СˡԺСȫĿɿڴ˷ͷﳤȥ
չü˳վſڣĿճӺ󱳣ûް
ӱ׿ӦȳĴ˴ȣǲȽ׿ӦжߵĿ룬Цþòɢ
ôϳҵģƺڵ˻ˤˣϴΣ
׿ӦԼƺڷյгݳʲôܲġҵһμס۾Ժ󶼲ϴ
Ļһסҵġ
Ȼŵζ͸ȷ
ƺ뵽լԺ͵жʱ׿ӦҲ˵ųˣһüҵʲôζô
⻰ֲ㷣ﵽҲ˲ԡòǺɣ
׿Ӧת룺ţҶе࣬е̡
ƺ룬ⲻǺζôҿûᡭ
̣ЦйӲš̡ô
㿴ݳˣ׿Ӧе㲻˼ǰ·ָǸСԺ
ƺͷ˺飬ҧţˤ˻װµ٩ΪʲôССӦǡҰסġơô
ȻҪ˲ͬ׿Ӧеһۣɱ룬ơҡơġơǸơһ䣬ɡ
ƺ᷿ſڣ»ֱ˿ƺѪæֱ˲·ɫģҹɫӦÿ
׿ӦƿԼţƺһȦû˸ŷİŹغá
ƺһݾߣͼסԼ˿Ѫλãһ̧ͷȴ׿Ӧаɫ·մЩѪȻ࣬ӳԡ
ʱһգѪմ׿Ӧ࣬ǿ鿴Ӧòע⵽
ƺסԷߣ࿴
׿Ӧߣ¼ƺһͷֵ̧˱ݵǰЦҺ𣿲ôһС·۳
ƺ̧ͷ̫ȣ꽣ҲȻ
˵͵͵ҧҧŪЩѪɫԼɫףԷʶơ
һ·ص᷿׿ӦиоԼȶʣӳ£˫Ǻ˵ģÿ֪
һĿӯӯؿƺƺֻؿѪһʱ޷侲
ûǵһ־˼ǧ˿ƵҲǧͻȻ˿ǣ֪˵ʲôźá
׿ӦбҲģԴ׺ſڼˣľͰˣ֮ǰֲĲȫΪĭɢȥֻÿɣ·ƺĹǡ
ֻǡԼ˵Ҫ̽Ϣȴʲôû̽뵽һʱЩȻ
⼸գδʲô׿ӦεΪݳ֧һֱϰýб˲ҵݡ
αװݾҪʵźãȻɸ˾˷־鷳ˡ
ģչ󣬾Ͳ˻յˡ׿ӦмеСϸ׺ۿĴˮˣбش̼֣Ҳ֮䡢֮һֻҪ˿ңӽңҾͿԴ׻
ƺɫһﱾͲϣ׿ӦȥӽЩˣ²´ԷһƬȳ
㻹ǵУǧðʧֻϣƽҲ˳ǣ̽Ϣ¶á
׿ӦеҲôխ֮ˣ֪ƺΪԼãͷţģһעģҲõģҲȫˣչüˣܾûģһֱûʲôġ
ĳԹеĹ£׿Ӧֿʼ£ϵ˽£Ҳƺ˵˵Ҳʣֻÿס
ոλõǸۣǲ
ƺǹ׿Ӧ轣ģվűߣȻȰ±ȫɨһ顣
չüõλӣƺһע⵽׿Ӧеǳ·ʱͺȥڳ
ҲԾɣ׿ӦƲƲСϸ硭ˣ˵ˡ
ƺתıӣһҪСġϣ֮£Ҳ֪ȫԱڵû̽ҲҵĹϵ飬ģ
׿Ӧм촽ɣָ˱裺Сϸˣİɡչü£ý̽׻ʲôҪʲô
ƺֹ׿ӦбЦעԱҶʵٳʲô£ǡЩǶɻãôϢôų
ôǹǣƺȲ裬ڵû£У׼źýǣñ˶ϡ
׿ӦеͷǵҲǣһлСΪϡ
ʱͻȻ˽Ų˾ɫһݡ
ƺ㱻׿Ӧס˴̣ʶ˸ʵʵ
Ųͣſڣչü˽׿ӣңչüǷ񷽱䣿
ڣ׿Ӧƺţ˾ǲϢƫͷߵĶ
ƺ࣬ոձ׿Ӧһ˿˼ֱ֣۷˴ѹƣѪҺ׿Ӧϡ
׿Ӧлöչüƺƺ׹ݣչüлҲδϳǾַղźá
Ȼſ֮˲δȥֻ죬չüӦ𣬾ȻŽˣ
ϺҡҷڽɶѣѬζڱǶƣл㣬ζŨټϴʷŵʵ龳컡
չüҲʲôˣȻµõô£ȴϵӥ۾Ŵڣȥ
˿̴ʿʼ΢΢洫׿Ӧеĵͻ磬㡭
ǴݽˮӰһϣѡ
ɶչüûߣվڴ߲ˡ
ڣ׿ӦпƺϣոѵɴһۣƺԼֱ۷ġ
˾ֺЦҲôţϾˣǶչüʲôݶϣŸÿʡ
ֻüװС
׿Ӧзƺ࣬磬δж˼ýϧ
ࡢмø磬ԻᡣƺɸɰͰ͵˵
ҲǲװҪǻˣװøԾҲôҪ
ֻǶˣѣ̫ϷЩʧء
׿ӦеƺıһҲ⣬ƺŲĿ⡪д˿̷ŭӸÿˣôźã
ø磬ø磬á硢硭׿Ӧèһỽÿһǧļϡ
ƺоԼʱϢƣĺӰʱ룬ģȥɣҪûⷴӦԵò
׿ӦгӣӸµؿƺһ˫ˮ飺ø磬ж°ɡ
ƺɴۣؿӰԽԵÿ٣ʡ
׿ӦԼַԼڣ˸͡
ǧֿʼ£ǽһĺʵúܣͻȻ֪ôָü
׿Ӧеջĵôؼʱӣץס֣Լؿڣ±㽫קɣѿҲˣ¶СƬؿںһྫµǡ
ֳ̧˷˷٣Ƶī͵һ˦ͷ޳ϸĲͬĻȣǰѩʵ˼ͷļҲƺǰ
谵Ĺ£׿ӦеԽԵŨīزʣĿƵضƺ۾ӡ
ƺĿתضüĿ续ԷϢҲŨͣһ˲ֿʼֹ
˱Ǽ֮ʱƫͷȥǶ㿪ˣ
׿ӦУ
ûô㾹Ҷң
ɻûüʲôͻȻתƺͼ·ת˱λá
׿Ӧʼδݳһ۾ƺֻԷɫ纣ǣжɡ
лҪ˵
ˮΪΪǡԶŸӸ衷
磺군ݼ
Уߡ
ߣǣ


49 鶯
ƺ䱻Ϊ, ͼƿһ¾棬ҲͼƿһԼһʰ
ոշʱŤ׿ӦеĲ, ˿ֱڶԷ, ֵ׿Ӧ, ֱҲֻȦţΪ˸չü, ҪװǶԷƺ˸λ촽׿ӦеĶ, һǱ˻ĳϡ
׿Ӧֻһɲ㷴Ӧỽ硭
ƺرۣɽ, һԼȨͼʧܡ
룬Ϊʲôô
Ǹ˪صİеĶȥˣ
, Ǹôߣѵ뿴ȫ
չü׿ӦеͻȻֱ֣Щⴲڷһе滹Ǽ١濼ǹҪҪÿ, һ̽ʵ
ģˣǰ׺û, м͵֪СԵ˳տ˵˭
Լ˲, ģ׿ӦҲѧʮ꽣, Ȼϰ֮ˣһʱѵԱ˿̽
ԣǹݸҿģ
ڣӵΣ
˼֮ʱڴ׿Ӧеĵͺˣ
Ӱһ˲׿ӦбӴʷ϶̽ͷǶչüɫҵһűŭա
˭ģȥ
չü˿ţ켣̾³⻹ѿĳҲ˰ǽǵµȤֱ̽ĽŸУ̼
Ҳû׿ӦеʲôˣԼֻڴվһǸӣԾûʲôֵ£ֻԷ߶ѡ
Ǻߴһܣǵ»ÿص˵׳ʲôģ
ˣչü׿ӦΣŴʵӣ¶һذĲϲۣҲֻǼЦЦǸ׿ˣļ䣬
չü
׿ӦкͶչüӦſȥűһֱûأ˿վ⣬ʮѿΪ
⡭չüŴڵһӰӣ˵ҲסԼóţԼ浱ͷڹ겻¶档
ϼվŲչüлͬ˵
úúãչü׿ӦЦЦôʽһ֣¡
׿ӦкƿڴԼֲǺóˣ˾Ȼ֪Ǽٵģñֵúһ㣬˾ֻܵԲ۾չü˦۵ҧ촽״
ǴʲôҲиƣ׿Ӧ§ߵĻ˭ֻ˱زķʲô
ΪǣҲװһѿģȶչüżϴۣҲû׿Ӧ˵һ䣬æؽŹϣŶչüϽˡ
׿ӦлŴ̽ͷһһֱûȥ¶չüɱǹ
ƺǽţոҲ¶չü潻棬ϾʵģֳһŭʵǳΪ
ҪôȥзѾ˼ϷһҲû塣
ͻȻ뵽ǶչüԼôȤȻ˶ңôһܷסҵˣԴ̽ϢҲܽչüע׿Ӧϴе⡣
Ǿһ̣ǶչüôԼɱأθڱá
ƺ˼ţĿ׿Ӧеϡ
˿˹ڴߣͦñֱϵѾҲקɿ壬ڷڼϣƬĺ󾱺ͼڷ˿֣һַ顣
ƺһֱûΪܽ侲һԼֻǿ׿Ӧеĺ󱳣ĳȾ͵ܣҧأ㱳侲һ¡
׿ӦСںôʣ˻ſǽš
˼֣ƺӱҲ׿ӦеҲ͸㱡Ĳ½㣬ⴲڷ֮У컵Ϣ֮ȥ
ǧɱϥǡ
׿ӦƺȫûʶԷľȣոնһߵķץϰͷ˸٣ߵչüʵҪ͸ˣǽǾȻֱ׳Ҳ֪Ƥʲôġ
һͷ˦ƺϣ޵õϢȡ
̾Ϊǲһסƺ˳ķҲȥ׿Ӧڴţʱۣ·ã
׿Ӧںʲôһء
ȣӳøˡ
ƺ
˵Ҳ֣ǰһأְϰҲĶˣҲûʲô̫Ӧôڿڵģѡ
ͷҵʲô˵߽׿Ӧа·䣬Ȼ͵øϽߡ
ͻȻͱ˵ˡ
ƺƺûôŹ׿ӦоӸµе˵ɾ䣺㡭ʲô
׿ӦͷƺţȻԷ׺ԭӢȥԶеԾй˵ף൱⡣
ҪԶô㻹иоķӦƭˡ
ɸոսƺȴԷ㿪ʱһ˲ͻȻµܡ
Ϊʲô㲻ϲô
硭׿Ӧж۾ңܣԼܻ뿴ΪԼʧأ·ֻܡ֤ԷԼ
ǰǼø硱ûһ硱ˣƺ촽ŬסУ𡭡ȡ
ղŻû㣬ҵĽòÿ׿ӦƫͷſؿڣȴٶȷɿôһЩЩο
ȻǺÿġƺۣͼһջ󣬡˶ˡ
أ
ţ
Һÿ𣿡

װ磬ÿ𣿡׿Ӧ֧ͷ°ͣ㿴һ۰
ƺεۣǰˣ޷ңȴԴһʣΪȣֿΪߣһֱ˵ģ촽ˮ̺죬һ˫èһӣ谵ƺŹ⣬۲תУ
׿Ӧ֪ԷҲǶ飬ԽвԽ
ΪôΪСطꣿ
ҲΪѬ̫ˡ
㲻ҪϲңԼ
ÿôÿƺʵʵ
ÿģȻҲῴһ۾ϲ
ȻҲþ־ԼƿûС
׿ӦˣȴЩѹ
ȻÿΪʲô㻹̵ס
һأ
׿ӦţҪͷ̽ɴյһ룬ͣסˡ
Լе£ƺղ㿪
뵽Īίίޡ
֮ǰ˵ϲҵģôڲҪأ
׿ӦٴſƺؿڣһֻСޣһʱǡ
ղΪ˲öչüƺϷǴҪԷ
̽Ҫ𰸡
ȻȥԼû
뵽Ͼһӳ¥뵽ƺԼⷬ̾
鰮֣ô¸ң˵ӡ
ƺؿڿеԣſ׿ӦбۣɽĽЩ֣Сһѡ
һѡ
ƺ
һֱûæԳ֣СɲҪôߡ
׿ӦУʲôô֣
ŶԣжҪ㡣ƺӻͳһСݸ׿ӦУɽϼժģ˸С⡣
һɫСӣĥùģĴָָôʽʮּ򵥡
׿Ӧкϲ̴ϣսţֲ㣺ʲôӣ
һֹӵĹˣó࣬ζáƺݵǡÿ͹ϣƤɫƣɷǺÿǣ˵ܱаǡ쵽ڣˣ档
ϣҵİа֣ƽ˳졣
׿ӦаֵĦӲֲСˣࡣ
ƺתɣ
ΣҵĶ˭ߡ׿ӦеһۣһתҲжҪ㣡
ֵƺŵͷţ˿øƺе
Уȥ˵ε̫ˣЩȡ
Ҳȡ
ϻ㳨ôڣȻȡ
ΪƵĹϵƺĿ޿ɱ׿ӦеĲϣſ沼ۡ
ףȥˣ׿ӦûŶƺ
ƺɣϸ۵ĲϵӡǣۣǾĺۼЩԳ
׿ӦаͷûУͷȥŷֶ˲ԭ⡣
ƺСָᴥĲӣһţǴֲڵָ׿Ӧһ£ͷ˲䣺֣Ҹʲô
ôŪģƺû￴üʡ
Լѽ
׿ӦҲãչüӦܿƺϰ֮ˣǴβվ˸˻޲ʵе١
Ҫ¶棬ЩӡҲýжԷš
ƺװʱæԼĲǡ
ɵɵƺ̾ûӡҪǲţŵġ
ѽˡ׿Ӧ²ĶƵƺǰúòã
õķͼ򵥣׿Ӧн̴ľãÿ̵һ˵ЩƣȻϸϸĥ˼գѳΡ
Ȼ࣬ʱǸˣҲĻϲһҲۡ
Щʱգ˽ÿҩƣҵŵģô·Ҳ̴̫ľܰϣ˯ðЩʣϲϲ
֪ϲҩҩ
ǰʫ١֪һףһ䡰ʣ֮ҩǡúԼľ
ƺŷһںͷһʱ֮侹֪˵ʲôźãŶԷĻϲһҡ飬ۣͷϲ
׿ӦйȻ̿յͳ˵˴֮໥ŵɥһɨա
òƺˣöԷߣԼҲܣǱÿ˴ʣȥ˵ɣƵܡ
ƺ䱦һţǸľζӳ¡
ԴӸĸ֮常շҲԼǼ£˶ԼٺãǶǳ֣Ȼ
ҪøжҪѧűǿ󣬲ٽбչԼǴչ˱ˡ
常ҵʱչƽҰ֮Уչͬۡ˱Сһͬʣڱܰؿˡ
ӥſԼδþȫҲҪڳ¡
ŸӣǽŹɽȹϵ˵ܳǿ֮⣬ҲΪƽߣͬ۶
ֻǹչ˱˵ˣܻᱻΪ޼᲻ݵģֻµʱ뵽ȥûȥǷҲҪ˵͹ġ
ʵһյ֮ͬ͵
һθܵ˵ůԼ֮˵ģָжݣһƺ뽫׿Ӧӵ뻳УԼжˡ
ֻи֪֪ȵ˰ߣˡ
ȴֲᣬڽĳ죬ðΪԼ˻ֻܡԶһ㡣
磿׿ӦнãƺһŷЦɱ̫жһ⣬лһֱҡ
ƺӴϵķӦˣÿǷзӯ㺣Ǳֻ򵥵ţףԺֻһ֧
һ˵ţһ߽ͷõľ滻ַϡ
׿ӦЦۣŶԷϵ·˻ϵ
Ȼ㷢ϵѪ
û˰룬·˿һתֽ⿪ҲմżĨʺ죬˲ɡ
ƺߣűֲ֪ʲô׿ӦԼһȥλãߵ࣬ȥ
Уƺһ𡭡
Ȼ㹻죬׿ӦлǴǿ鳱Ĳϣ˳ָմһѪ
࣬㹻ͷƤ顣
ĳλͻȻѿˣŽһۡ
˭׿Ӧ۾ʱˣҧгݵصͺ𣬡˭㣿Ҫɱ
лҪ˵
´ߣ֪һ᲻ˮϲϷҲбҪࡰĥһ£ﰢ˼Ծͽ
ʣ֮ҩԡʫ֣硤䢡
-
Ŷû뵽һ˽ڣףкcpճ֮ʣף˽ڿŶ~
ûҲҪ~Ͼôcp~
ףcpͷЦݳ~ΪʲôоԼȹ껹ġ


50 ƶ
ƺ׿ӦԼ˵, ģû뵽ôġ
Уûµģ˲, ֻ˿ֱ˶ѡƺ׿Ӧеο, ȴڶ
׿ӦҲ֪ԼΪʲôôջ, ǣҶû˶ּһҹ, һɲѪӿţ۵òУŭؿײײȥ, ޴ɷ˲ط
鶨ؿƺƵģΪҶ԰ɣҪҸղ㻳
㱧ôá
ƺƵر˱, ǰº«ưһСľ˵ͺ졣
û£㿴ѪҲ, ȥҴүҪҩͿϾˡƺ˶Ҳʲô
׿Ӧд, ֻҪˣͻۣװû, ûô
ǣ, ˵ˣʱҲ, Ѿĥ˴룬һá
㻹Ҫߣ׿Ӧ˲ͷλεعʧ䣬Ϊ
ƺεҲóȥ̽
׿Ӧ죬ǿѹǷŭھκʧһ
ǰµǰɲԡ
ô˵ģǲΪŵ˼죿׿Ӧҿ
ûʲôÿġ
ƺ㷣Ҫ֪Լ˻Ը죬Ҫ㣿
˿Ҳǰ󳶿üΣ߰ģʵҪˣпһҪ롣
ôźأ
׿Ӧм˵ʲôңҲû˵ˣС֣ͿһۣȻ˼鷳УǲȥôΪʲôˣ
⣬˳ƺյſھ׿Ӧʵһ⣬ĵãɲס˳תͷ
ɻ󣺡ͣȥĶ
鳤ָݣȡôţҲ˲ϷŤͷüŪţʱһſˣ׿Ӧվſ俴㵽Ķȥ
Ұи磬Ǻ粻˵ģתżæŽͣҲңҺá
׿ӦЩָ˿ڣǲңǸˣǣģ˵ֲأͱò
ǡͱòĸ֣㹻׿Ӧľʵǵˣذף
Աˣɿܽһյƺһ漴㷴ӦˣĶ
ƺ±˲֪ô
֪鴩Ҳ㲻ȥ㬵ؽţ׿Ӧ߿СŹϡ
ƺͼתƻ⣺һ·û˿ɣ
Ұ£ģͦСظ˾˰Ѷչüˣ˸һ֮͹㣬֪ô£Сأ
ƺղŵ¶һ죬ҿûڴʱ䣬ҪȻúײȻûʲôҲʵڲͳ
׿ӦһߣǶƵģ飺ղ˵ĺ˭
ƵؿƺƺΣѡ̹ף˵һ飬ȥľֻ˵ΪҪɽ˼졣
ʵûд󰭣롣׿Ӧлް飬ʵڲ֪ôźá
׿ӦŭЦֲʲôˣҲҪʲôԼԼţɱԼǾèǳʦδź
ƺ
һʱ̣鿴ƺεģǸзãͣи磬βǺ粻ϧǺ̫ƻΪ˾ȡ
ȿȣƺԱ߸ɿһԽ˵Խ࣬ǰƵϣԣǺ̫ƻ»һСġ
׿ӦۣӲ֪Լûʲôʸô鷢ƫƫ̲סƢҲгԼһݡ
촽һֱߣŲ˵óˣȻֹۣס͵͵ƺ˴
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⿪ۣҲɫģʲô˵鲼ǰɫһСѾѪҺ͸Ƥϡ
û׿Ӧпڣĵشȥѽճסˣʱ۵ġ
źһ۵С֣Сȥ鲼󱳵ס׿ӦеĿ⡣
ƺ֪ʲô˼ͷ޵Զӣ֪۰ˡ
˾˾ˣ㶼Сؽҵ˵Ĳע˿ϣȴǼģԺ׵Ǻðˣչ˾˾ˣΪյġ
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̧ͷһ֣Ҷƽġûд󰭣Ӧиġ
˵ӻͳһӣֹŲ豭һˮϣͷὫƺ˿Ѫ˸ɾ漴תͷ飺ͣûֹѪҩ
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ƺҪֹģ˳ԿԺﰲȫǲһСӵġ
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ЩûãƺǾ˵Ķźá
ƿܽС˵ģüĺҲʺΣʣչüǰкĺأûڸ˾˵˶ˣԺк
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Ա˵ҲҪѧаҿԽ㡣
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ƺ׿ӦУۣסֻܿǳŨܵĽë˲
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ϵ֪еԼƿأлɿµĴֻͣϻһ֧ȸ죬ˮ˿ˣáˮܰͷµĹأ˸ΥչüȻƹϽأΪֱӶԻ˲޽ֻǲ˽˻ΪһģһͻȻкҲǶչüԭ򡣡
ϸ̽鱨ı²ô»᲻飿׿Ӧɵ
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Ȼˮв޺ôҪӺвҲͲؾˮұֱ̼ôһȦӣ޽չѵżô׿Ӧе
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ƺ˵Ϊǽ谭Ÿ˶չüɳ֮
˵һֱɵɫͻȻչЦչüˣǮǶͼı
лҪ˵
磺ԣǳԡ
ɳİɣǳɵô


51 Լ
⻰, üëͻһ澪㵣չüˮܰͷȣǸ԰
ˮǰˣӺʵʵô˭б˭ϴ󡣱϶, һ˻, ˭ϴ񫡣׿ӦгЦЦ, ȸôһ⣬üԲ, չüܲģֻҪ³ˣ湦һ, ܰͷ˵Ҫ
ңˮ϶Ҳһ飬ܰͷʲôԼҲԼ, ɵȥ֮Լ¶ˮԪϼضҲ΢ԣû˳ͷҲˣǶչüͷ, ܳ£˵£ܶվһߡƺӿڵ
ɫȥǰأ
ƺ׿Ӧжһ, ˶û𻰡
ԣչüǰܸ꼣û, ҲõˮܰͷΡ
ûͷƵؿϣ§ĸ첲չüֲɵ, Լģٻô
ôĸ, С࣬͵԰ｭˣʲôԼźú·
мҪŪƺԶչü˲Ȥת˻һ˵ҪӺʲôǸ£ҲüһжڲҲܲš
ֻ֪ˡչüͿ꼡лᣬҵԼչüǢĶ˭ǹ£߱ˣʡ鷳ֻȻǸչü¶ĿԲ󣬶չüȻҲὫʵʵ
ڶܴӶչü׳֮ֻز˵ڡ
ƺûӸղŵ˼лһãȻչüûһʡ
繫ӣڽȴһʿչü׻Ҫ̰Լ
ò׿Ӧи˵չü֮ĹϵƺӴϵıֻ֣֪з£ͻȻЩͻأɵΪ¶Լȥ
׿ӦҲֱü۵ȻУҲЩչüϢ˵ϵأ
ƺһ⻰ЦˣҪںãɲҪʶˣҲжչü繫жģȻ֡
˷׷ѰɣоͬһŲȽ岻޴ʹ˳⣬ʵܡҪûϣǵľ»鷳
Ҳײסټ׿ӦеĹʾɣƺϣˡ
ģˣֽ鲡óչüΪԶң뵽һᱳˡϹŵԳɫƽʲôҲܣҲܿ˽һҲȥ꼡
ǮҪˣ꼸ù⣬Ȼֶλ塣
꼡ƺˣЩζȻһУΪ׬Ǯ˿϶Ϊ֮ﲻϧۣǿΪǮ׬Ǿ֮⣿ܼһ棬ܹ̽ô𰸡
磬ǲʲô²⣿׿ӦʰգַΥҼ֮ͽ˵ʲôߣΪ˼ҹѲΪ˽𣿡
пܰǰЩսңҴײٰգ˽Ҳûʲô֡
˵ĵ˾ǵѣȻгչü꼵ǿ£֮ˡƺϣ꼼ȻҪ棬֪˭ⲻ˺ȾӦ꣬Ӧûᾭ١
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⼸Ҳףڶ治ģⶼһεĹ´ʲô£ι¿оȫʾϡ
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һΣҼ᷿£Ǽʮֽʵݷȫ֮ˣһǸӣ
Ŀࣺʲôʱ£ΪҪ˸£
һʱеԼƽ̫ҪѺߵͷǼ᲻ɴݡ
ƲƲ죺㲻񺺸һǸɣ
һڣڳλҲǣεס
ƺԵһۣ˵˺ˡ
׿Ӧбǰһˣš
һСأǲǶô˲֪ںʲôʱˣ֮Ҿֵӡһƣι¸˼䷿·Ҿ͸ȥˣڴ͵ġ
ƺɵȻϰ֮ˣѵû͵
˰֪עСֻΪǺ棬ء
⻰˵ʵ޷λۣ֪ⷬԼݻһ꺢ͯˣ֪θ롣
Ƿ񻹴ˣӲ㡣׿Ӧʵֵͬġ
ͷһţи˶׸硣ûҾ޴ӷֱˣϾĴࡣ˹ϵ̸֪ʲô⣬Ǵ緲¶׸翴ܿó׸绹ԴΪģ̬Ⱥǫ
⺢ӹ۲ϸ£˵оݣһӴ˶Ĭˡ
ƺĥһͻȻЦһȸһһû׼Ƿ˾ų
죺ô滨һΪֻ
˻ڶ࣬⵹Ĺ۲첻ıϡ׿ӦеȻǴʲô׸ұſܲ׸
ƺ׿ӦǶ˺ȾƵĻ棬е㲻ζ²ɣ㣬̸ֻ¡ȥ׻ء
ǻȥɡ̵ҼȻٵϰ壬䣬Ӧӵġ
ҡͷУչü󻵵֪˿϶Ҫĵģ
һʱҲ׿Ӧеͣٳ֣ǣӦ䡣Ҫͷ뵽Щʲôܲᱻ˻ˡ
ţ½ΪȡƺһЦ
׿ӦпϵЦ⣬ͷͻһỊ̄æŲۣͷ
ʱ⴫Ϥ̳嵽ſڣ磡
𺰣ûݣƺվҵˡ
鿴żһҪߣ
ѰҲü·٣繫Ӻ밢ϣ˵¡پһء
٣һ𣿡Ƶֲ¶ڡ
˵ٸһ٣ƺü¶в
˵ˡֳˡ
𣿡ƺ׿ӦС
׿Ӧп죬Ľ˿̱ŤŤ֪˵ʲôã˵ʲôԼԵý顣
ƺЦЦһߣУĻҲٶ˵úÿԼҾͷˡ֪ģұ֤УӢۡһƽƽ뿪ɡ
׿Ӧӿһɳ嶯תס֣۾ͷǧһ˰³һ䣺ʱҡ
ţһΪƺ֪ǼǹԼƽŷҪԼЦӣ
׿Ӧָָ̧ӣô͹ˡֻҪ
ֻҪ㡣
ԲԲèĿƣƺ֣صͷŵӦһ
˳ʱס׿ӦУȥͣˡ
׿ӦҲԵֹ̫ס˽ŲҲͷ¶棬˷ڡ
ߣһʱ޻
׿Ӧ£Ӷǿյģΰ죬׿Ӧ¶ϴŵȤشսи磬Ǻ͸𣿡
ϵó׿ӦΪƺҲ飬ʱġ
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𣿡С⻰ʱ̹ˣǼʵʣĺժ
ͨ˵ЩѣԺֿ϶ûˡŶˡ鿴׿ӦͻȻԾ˵˻ڨڨҲҹҲ¡Ǻһ⼸ﲻ֪أ
ϧҲҲûʲôã׿Ӧиһ˲ٴܲ˺˿ڣΪԼ
ΪһСΪ˳ȫһʱ⣬ֵ
˸ģôǸɵӣ
ɵӳţԺһƬڼžǱ˷ԸҪƵơȻݣҲʲôԾɱϸж
תͷϣ繫ǷлҪ˵
һɣԱסͷҪسŵҪǰ
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ƺһ
ϼ˽ȴУüӡ
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ô£ҵ²Ҫţ
ͷһ̬ضײ˾ֻ֪ȴûҲΪ˾ѹҲȳСèСŵﶼܻǾ˾˲ϧԼҲˣ
˵գתܻ׿ӦзУ顱عš
ŤͷǷţƺֿʼ
ƺվ繫ӣ
ϻعͷӣȷһ󡣡
뽲
ңеһգܲչüһ
ƺ
ƺЩŤҲЩȻҲǻĴ룬ϾҴֿʲôģʲôģҶ˸һƿǵġɢǰһϣһεĻᡪԭǻˡ
ҹУƺһ˫úˣôȴ㣬ֵ𣿡
ûʲôֵֵãҲҺùϵûУҪѾ˽ˡҶ˽԰ѡ
ƺƬ̣繫ӣҲܱ֤κ£ϾҪǿ꼵԰С㲻ҲӲ˵·Լѡģڤ粻飬ҲȲˡ
лҪ˵
ΪҲģ
ƺӣ
ϣ˻ˣѺӴƫˡ
֣ҾΪǸ롣
Уȵȣ˭һˣ
ˣǣ


52 
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һ̡ƺչüĹϵתʵչü£֮ˣ
а˷ȷ뺫͡ΪչüЧ, ӡ֤
룺˵в, Ҿ˽뿪פأ
, ƺĵʣǸ߱Լ
ǵûСҡͷ, Ҳ֣ʯлҶݣΪЧ, ṦҲŵùƽﲻԵ¶ȥ˵ҪصɽȥҸϤεԻ, ܲصЩǱ˸߱ꡪкβףѵǰӪ֮³˲ӣû
е㲻ԾʯлԿҲڹƺ, Ӧ޹أֻǶһʡ
, ǽƺڴߴ١
ǸҪˡƺһ, ʵ֪ϴ繫ӴӦǿҩ
Ŷ, ЩˡϴͳһխСĲݸƺ
ƺӹ, һͷлתǽȥʧںڰС
ſһŷ׿Ӧеķ䣬һűڰ
ſ׿ӦлԱߣ׾غȰţ᳤ܻҾͽ㹦ôи㽣ҽ㵶ô׼ܿѧᡣ
׿ӦĺףСһ˾ʲôԻô󡣡
ϽԷʹɫ˵û庢ӡ
ҲſصҲеΪ飬Դ׿Ӧл
ϼ״üûˣôһ˵㣿ɽѧҲӣѧȥˣ
˼ɫǲã繫ӣֻǸСôװͰ͵ʲôͬߣ˭˭ѹ
Сϸ磬뿪𣿡׿Ӧ˵ʱЩ⣬˿̱֤
ȷʵСӦĵطǵûӦϴԶǰѺ͵𴦡
˵ƽôճ˾ˣϵƲ׺ôóȻߣҲúһξñˡ
׿ӦԼǼֱһجθԴ
ɫ˳ں˼ʲô˭˵Ҫˣ
˵ģſ׿Ӧл
͵˵
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˼õܵ£Ҫ𣿡ǰдŭССͣôⴧģ
ƽܱ˼£ͻȻ˼õܣѵϡ棿һֱǲϥӣûСԸⲻȥ˵𣿡
»ߣҲ˲ƽ϶ôηûⴧģֻ֪ʲô
ϰΪá
ɱչüҲΪãƾʲôҪңﺬỨȴǿŲôȫȴãҪߣʲô
뺢һĳȻҪİţƽ󡣡ݵĺ˵Щͷʹ
ҪôⰲҵҾͲǳˡĹĵ˵ӴԺҲٽ˾ˣǻˣ
˾ˣΪһЩƽﲻ㶥죬Ҳ㣬ǲ㲻ģڿȴڲҵȨҲˣ
ЦŶҿû㵱˵ҪλлҾ֮Ҫߵġô֮ˣ
⻰סˣƺ֪ôӦźá
׿ӦϵӣСαظ棿
Ҳܲ˵˸ģ
Ҳ˵Ǻ֮ҲҪǾֻҡҪˣ
Ժûչü󻵵ʲôˣ֮һῴ㣬㣬Ҳⰲңô˵ˣͣߣ
첱Ӵ֣ͷܵſڣų˳ȥ
Ŀ࣬溢ӵһΪͷֽһͣ
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ãȻؿ˿׿ӦУԷҲûʲôӦ˳ȥ
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Ҫ£Ǿһģôϵҿ㣬ȴּɵЩŲɡ
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Ҫ˽㶻ܵһȿڲУҪȻ˶û˵ڣǶź
ܷʲôҶҪһ𡣡
ҲãҲãٲµˡ
׿ӦУǲ֪΢ЦĽ뵽չüԭҲӡģأ
׿Ӧʶ˵Լ˵̫࣬ЩȻСϸ磬̽Ϣ̽ڷ£Ǻú˵Ľ֮£óȻȥʶչü»ɡңȫҺˡ
룬ԳЦЦǰֻǲģڿΪѧŹġˣԽӿ֮ǰͱѵѧôġҲǲᣬֻǲˡ

ƺݶһСšصţֻʱʱǡ
ÿ˽ȥչ¹ûʶưɣЩˡ
ƺ뵽Ǹλö̶ܹġ롱ЦЦٲҲȱǿô֣һԼɣ
ڱŵڽһǣڲ¡ֻܿЦ¶һڴɼΡ
˵ýᶥݳ֮˻⣬Ԧȥ
֣֯ڶڵǰҸ£ƺ˼ʲô
֪ʲôϸ΢Ķ˾ɫһݣƺһۣÿ⿴һۣǣ֣ȥһ٣βͳ
ƺ΢΢һЦ첻ߵ־͹Ҳٷ֮ˣԱĿӯֻһ˸ôˡ
ⲻҪˮƽεҡҡͷǽ°
ƺ㻹治ǫ顣
Ҳ̫ƽڵбƺҰ˰ɣ
ǵأƾı£˦´࣬αض˵һʲôôǸҧŲˡ
룺ǵҲǡ԰ɡ
ƺͷҲԼһĽ⿴˿ͬʱʹ˸ɫ
Ŀһһͷ

׺л˱ŮݣչüűƱյ̸ĵȫ׿ӦиղŵĽ衣
»ģˣ޲ڣ˵轣ˣбһ˿ǡ
һɫ·˵йӵǺã𿴴ÿ۴䣬Ƶģ⿴Ϳó϶һգһ۵̶ֳȣڴϣǿǡ
ƹˮСĴʪǰʧǰһͷ֮˵٩˻û־Фô࣬СĽԲܡ˸ո˻УͲ˭
ƹмֲ£زʲôȨ֮ˣйһЦ²ԱҲ˰ɣ
׵ãɫѰĳҪ˵ǣλȻҲǲŵġԱЦſչüǶζ޸ǳһľɫ֮ˣ˸йӣ֪ζԶʳأóˣ
չüЦţˣĳɲҶռ϶ƣûбˡ
Ա̽ˣ
ǵȻչüɫ
ˡĳֱԣ½мֻۣ鰮ܼ۸Щһǲŵģ繫ǾɫΣѾʮˣɫ˥ڣóһЩмֵĶ
չüԼŭ⣺ϣ˻ҲƽϣԱأҵˣǴҵ
ƹԱߺϡࣺǰ˼ȽᣬԱԼţҲˡȱƣһЦ𣡡
ԱЦⲻƱζضԶչü𣺡ĳʧԣԷζǧģһ˳ٲĳǿôźá
˵ʲôζСǼ֮ˣƹѾƱչüУôһЦͣ
ˣչüҲƱԱһ⣬飬ĳȻֵ塣
˸ɵоƣԱ¾Ʊֱ룺Ŷζǿ꼣ˮȸҪ
չüۣԱ⣺ǵǣˮˮ˽³飬Ϊ̽
ԱͻȻѹ֮ˣǲǴϱģ
лҪ˵
θܹʴСѾ¶ˡ
˵⻰ҲС˵ҪȢޣ㡱˼Ȼڷ֮سҲԼĪܲ²⵽˹ߵ£ôǲģֻΪǰˡ
ûĺӻǺܵģԾ˾ҲֻĽ֮˼̫ˣ뻤~
ϣѴͷͺ


53 
ƹһ, ͻȻе㽩ΧĿͻȻýٿչüǲ飬Լʮֶ, æǸ, лЩ, Ͳܷˣλ
չüŤͷһЦǶĳҲǿ, ƹߺá
ƹ۽ǴҴææ׺չüĿԱϡ
Ա⵭һЦǳɣ, ӻٹϵҲ֪ΪΣƫƫܱǿ꼾֮⣬šֲǶ, ΪǷˣڲ֪Ǵ˶ζš
˵Щʲô˼չüû, ɫ
ʲô˼Ǯһ׬ԱԾЦţЩʱ, ҲûʲôչͲļ𣿡
չüžƱЦĳç, ϰ˵ĨǣԱ֪ʲô, ôлֱ˵, ڷᡣ
ԱţתһȦϵˣýԶչü̽̽Ϊȸأ
չüʱȫԱû˵Ŀ䣬Ҫ˵Ķߡ
ƫԱ޿֣һͻЦսҸƧطģ
ˡչüƳſһӰɫԱ䣬һЩ£Աġ
˵գҲԱһܾŭȥ
տżĸ˹ӣѾ׺ˡ
չüͷ϶أ
Ժû
׿Ӧ˽ˣʲôݣǿд⣿
ĸ߻ر繫׿ӦȷʵڽЩʱ׿Ӧ߱һ棬θмƣֻòͬ
չüЦȻ׹ݵġ׹ݣ׿Ӧжڲ˼ݶΣ
˵ǣ߻˵СүЩ֣Сүû𣿡
⺢ӹ龫ֺ֣ҺҲ֡ʲô
繫լԺ𣬾׿ӦкǸݲ֮˽Ǿȳ˱ʧ٣ֻ繫ӴСү׿Ӧл١լԺ˵ֵܵһˣһ˺ðɽϧ֪˹ʲôҩʧȥ˴䡣˳ɽһСԺҵЩټ·ʽЩˡ
⻰չüɫһݣģĪǡ
ĸ֪ǳʲôϵ
뵽չüתתЦߣԭ׿ӦаģˣǰͷʲôϢҡ
ǣĸһֺ¡
չüһϵԺȥһĥ׿ӦмȻ˻˾û飬ҲЩüȥ֪ǳŵе˭ȥûһԡ
ֻ϶һ֪Щ˵Ѳ֪£Ųϰｻң
϶жģ
뵽չüб𣬺޲ܰ˭ܵü
ֻԼȷʵΪլԺڹϸӲӲ϶ǲܲ˵ķ財ҪǷ鷳ֻǿѹŭ𣬺úúȰ
ץǶչüͷǣҵһ£һոԱǾ仰ȷʵ˵Ŀ
ǰɻؽĳЩڳлϵԭҲαװ̣ܿݱ㱻ʶƣҲڡ
вѣɣ˵ҲŪͨơҲ֪ΪΣ˵꼵֪ҪеǶˣƫƫǽ˭Ҫвһ֣˺ǴȸĵˣԸ
ûеͷߣֻм൱İ໥ƺ⣬γ΢ƺϵȸֻѳֺһ飬ֱȽأɳڣల¡
׻˵ƣƽ״̬һγɣҲûҪȥƣҪȻֵóȷѪ꣬ӰǮ˵ҪǾ˹ٸ͢ѹ͵òʧˡ
ûԸ꼣׮˱ᡣ
һʱ䣬ɵ״νΡ
Ҳ֪Ϊƫƫ뿪⣬취ĴˮɵıչüŲʲôƽ⣬һֻ꼵⣬Ǳ˴ϡ
˲ƴ֣һʷĶ𣬵ҲҪһҪˮĿڶƣץסżˣȸϹϵҪв
ʲô˻չü¿ڣǵҪ˴ȸ˲ſ˵©˷
չüҲΪֻҪԼ˿꼣£жʱ˰ʲôʲôŲܣֻҪ𴬷ѾС
չü˼ţϵСԺ⣬ʯлԻһӣȻʽ档
ʯлԼ˶չüȻɫôÿҲǹ
֪˲ʲôöԼݲұ¶֮⣬ǿѹƣֽŶ֪ķţԵôͷԡ
ҹƺ˵ԲؽҴţܳˡ֮ǰʯ˴ʱܿˣͯݳ֣˲ɡ
οȷʵģȷʵҰꡣ
лṦߣҲ¶չü˸ûͣ㶰ҡ
չü֪ϲԼȴƫŪЦӴѧ򣿡
ǰѧ˺ñ硭Ҿ˾ˣʡ۸ҪϻҲжչü֪áݾߡ
Ǹ뷨Ұʦ
òţ˾˸ͯͲҸѧͳˣ
չüĿϣ´ͯ
鱻ĿⶢûʣͷҾСɣζ
Ϸչüˣ
鴹ͷ˳رˮˡ
˵Ǿ۸Զһسǣչü𵱵ģҲܴ
չüû׷ȤʵṦôͯ
ͻƤëѧáСҲûͯ
Ա÷꣬չüµ˾ϼլŻ𡢱͵Ϯû˱ң˸Ṧĸͯ𣿡
ǻлչüȻףҲûȤӶ죬˸ͷǾͺúûСүˣȥЪŰɡ
չü˵գԺȥ
ֱȥϣ˶ٽţߵ׿Ӧз⣬ţţ׿ӣЪ𣿡
Ƭ̺󣬷ڴ׿ӦееۣѾˡ
ɤ˻ƣԵʮƣչüΪζЦЦǰ֮ʵڱǸĳⲻǵġ
ˣȥˡιҲЩϢɡ
䣬ڵϨˡ
չü˱ŸҲ⣬׼Ҫߣ˵չüΪУ
һת㿴վ϶ЦݣԷȥⲻǸղŵҵĲԡôô
ϼչüԼļ΢΢һ㿪Թ᣿类ˡ
Ƕ͹ˣЩǷ곡Ϸα⡣߰߰ɣҲˣȥЪš
˵˿Щҡ
չüһٲҪǴ˿ľѱ䣬ȻԶչüڣϯ֮£ȴĪЩų⡣
䲻֪Ǵĸģ뵽ϲĿڷȻģᣬʹʱ޲ýչüȫǣ㲻Ϊ˭ǣҶˡ

ƺһֱͣڶﵹϳɳһЩڵĽﲻһԡ
и㡣ƺǰǼҲû˿ţ治ӳ
Цһ帽ŲǴݾôֻҪסɽؾ֮·ˡҴ϶ҲǼװϹԹǵǵġ
ƺΪ죺Ȼǿ͸ˣʧʧߣ⼸˵ҲסȻץǣϲˣô졣
թңթ㣬թҲżʲôҲȤýڵ˳ƶΪݴͣڣǺĵò࣬
ƺҡҡͷʲô˰ЩĻʮơ
Ĵ˴һʱ䣬һխһĽֵŤ˹գսһС
˿ߴУƺһЦƵؿ˿ڣ֣ôҹҲǼӳȥ·
ڷӶ䣺ⲻŵùǳŵľһôǰ˵ˣҪȻὫǵô
⻰٣ǰƺ˵˵Ҫȥٿõģ֤źűӡ
ھãԼ֣ҲʹܡҴӴ֪Ͷ٣ƺ˵ʲôȥõģ˵ȥ˽ϵɽҵڣ֮Ż˰ܴһƴͼ
ȵƺȥˣƺż׿ӦС
ƺԼأڶҲ˼֡⸽Լҵ̣庮ܳĻδйȻҲ⡣
һԣƺЦֶǳŻ˽⡣Ǹȵľһթ֣һأ͵ô
ôĻﲻԾڴʱ䶸
Ҳ֪ʲôշɹˡضƺǲľϣûڷӦƺǲ೵뱾룬ᡰ䡱һ˲ѿˣ
ųױͬʱ˦˽סקڵȴԱߵƺ
˴ĳһͬ⣬ƺֿ֪ȭԴ򣬲޷鵶
ż´󺰣ȥץ
ƺЦ˵
ŷ֣ݳ˲֪ʲôʱѾ˵ϣڵϹؿʲôɫһݣôˣ
ģֻ˼ˡ
ƺƵ˼֮󣬹ųϣʤֹ֮ͣⳡ򶷡
ڻܣѾӰոһ˲ֽšӦƺͣ˵ڻŪ塪ͬʱϣôһϮ˵İϷ
ԣϣ
뵽ɫһݣã
ƺЦģֵܲģǸλࡣ
⻰˿ҲԼ̫⡣ԸǹƶˡֵĳţɳԹһοǾƲٳԵڶεġ
ƺǶ˳Ϊβߣ
ȻԼҵȻҪһƺգգһֻۣô̰ģŸӸʣ׬ˣ

ݣչüסϵļҪ´棬ƾܲǿԼӦţȴǴݾ
Լ⣬Ͼ俴ѰһЩƽȴǰ޿֮ˣЩĮ׽
չüǾþ棬ʶ꣬û޹£Ŀһۣ϶ޣһҵĶҪˡ
ϱȥһƽϢľǰ㲻˶ңٲþɱ׽ˣҲû˹ξҵլԺǴأΪ飿
Ҳŭˡչü֪дһʣȻҲ׼˻ش§ϵ󾱴ҧţҾǲϲߵý붼ܵҪƽＸ²ܼһΣÿҪˣʱʱ̿ĵᱻ˹ߣֱ޲ҪװڿڴЯƫλҪԣҪ˲˵ܲ𣿡
Щ黰Ϊչü߳жҲǱһֶ˵ʲôŭҲɢ
ϧöˣֻÿЦ
Եı£ǷСƢ㣬Щҡ㵹ãѧ̫ϾҸڵ¯ôҪûаУҿѾɷɻˡϸҪʲôôǻңȻ˸㡣
չüͷСôֶУǴ¡ܵģ
ǲһʲôŭǱϾǵй
ͣսˣй϶Ļҹ¡չüһߵЦһ߽⿪ϵһ㳶Ƥϸǡ
ϱۣݳϸϸĺƬ̺󣬶չüȻ鶯лȥȴԷס
չüѡլԺΪ÷ֺÿϧֻһûˡϵЩǰ٣Ҳһ֮һˡ
չüૣȻͷΪѡһլԺһƬ÷֣׼ȶ쵽֮ʱ÷øޡ٣Ҳʲô֮ҶѰһѸõģΣ
ȻкܶǸõľģ͵ľһˡ
⻰չüͣ϶Щ΢͸ЩɫЩ͵ؿϡ
лҪ˵
ƺ棡
ڣоmmp֪
ϣٸһλᡣ
չüﲻԡ
׿ӦУ˯ݾ


54 
ϲ, ʲôҲӭĿ⣬ɫƽӡ
Ƭ̺󣬶չüɫõ϶, 㵽ô
ȻҳϦ, һ뿪Ҹûʶǵĵط, Ӵٲʽ£𣿡֪Լô, õҪĻش𣬵ĵǷһ˿ҵĻӦǹõ, ǽʱðׯ߿ССĲ¥Ҳ֮ʲôǣˡ
չüɿ£Լ˱, ޱ黺š
ĲӰǲдһǱˮʯͷ˵ס
Ҷ, ͻĵôôһ꣬չü, Ϊҵ࣬û뵽ȴһֻ֪Ҫ󡣡
ϱͷһõԿǷΣ㡭
չüת, гŭ⣬һ˿ί㵱ҹôŪ, 겻أüû, ҪóͷأѰҲҪЩҳ˺ܶ࣬ˮ˸֣žۡ°ôɫôʶĿԾɻס㣡ٰŪһΣɽô
ҲŲһѪ˹Ϊ㣬ҲⱨӦֻҪһ𣬽˲۸ǣûܲɢǣ㵹ãƮƮһ仰ҷУһ£ʲô㣿
ΪҲôܵĻҺ޲Ϊһ壬Ӵٲ룡ҪҲģֻܽ㡣չü˵˵žۣΪЩ˵㶼ףû뵽û뵽
չüҲǸ˼
϶ҵԲס㣬ô¼ɣҪһҰһһôչü޺޵㲻ҵĿĵҲˣΪηҪڴΪңץģҲ˻ң֪׿ӦһģҪ˴٣ǼҺãĺҲи飬ǻôң
ϣ
ԭչüͻʰļھβѣԼǲĹ˶Էһǻ飬⼸䣬ඥˡ
˵˵ȥǾҪô
ֺαؼٳϷأ
Ϻ߶չüЩϷݣ治࣬ΨһöģЩĿڲһĸˡ
ʱģʱ⣬óֻǲԸƶѡ
㲻Ѿ˽𣿡ϼװŵؿŶչüΪҪˣ
չüɵʲôʱ£
ãȻǰաұǹ㣬ʯл԰ɽϲŻլӵڶ죬ֻסʯлԾͻˣ˵ġ˹ϼѣʯǲǶ֣˰ɣû׷ˡȥ
Ҳû˰չüαԼҲɻ
ʱ޴˶ңΪʯ˵Ҳ֮УȻȥġһ˽жȴͷϣ
УоþɽۣôܸйϵռǸöѣ˵ǷӣҲȻҲôڡѲɻṦľͶǵģ֪ı˵£ֻһԼĲ˲ҪָҲ¼㣬ڵ˭ڲ¼˭
Ӽ£չü֪ģҲȷʵûͻȻô£ڱ˻ɣȻҪҲ˵ùȥ
϶ȷʵƭңǡ
չü˼ȴſڡͨһյ˭
ң쿪ţ⡰ۡţֵ˾ˣ˾ˣ
ȥţű˽ֱ̧סݺݵ˶չüһۡ
ôô˯ü
תת飺˯ˣ˯þجΣµý˾ˣ˯
⺢ָʲôȥǻ˲ҪһϢͶչü˾Ӳһ˯
ǻӵˣƽҲϸظ˵Ҳ֪⺢Ϊôճ
չü˿ȴվȥȥЩ飬˯ɡ
ĿͶչü뿪˸ĹæѷŹغá
ߣҪʲôǲҾ˾ô
ǰȻýУ㶪档ˣҪ粽룬öչü۸㡣ҡ߹ȥСһͷ
۸ң
ԣע⵽ϰ볨ڴ¶ǣһ۱㿴չü˱ӡӣ۵ȥǲŪģô죬۲ۣҸ㴵ɣ
ۣҧġεرܿںá
һؿÿ䶼óҩˮôҧôϣ㲻ҪǸˣȥҪˣ
ϿһЩЦΣ
ӺףͷԼĽż⣬ҾʹߣȥһҲǵĵطʱˣԻ
⻰ԼŸչü˵ڴССͯ˵ϲ֪ղŵԼôЦ
ߣҲ߲СһСѧ˵Լʵֲ˵ŵԡ
ŲӵҼȻҪôԻð취źú·ûϵҰֱӿ߱ǡԹҲãҲգҶںֻҪԶչüǸ쵰У
ŭô˰ԵҵԸҵ
΢΢̧ͷ۽㲻Ҳ˶Դҵô
ϣ˾ˣ
ڲˡ鳤ҼͷϡƳһۣСһʯ壬ʱ䲻ˣϢ
˵żιϣ⴫Ҿſ㡣
ϱЦˣ⼸ǰߵòɴҲȰ洵ʹ磬ܳѵ

庮СȻȥ֮ж죬ϵլӱûᣬǷϡ庮֡
ƺԸְԹԸߣû߼˺͡
Ժ·ߵʯȼŻ򣬹İӳ˺ܵ͡γˮ顣
ֻƺأôãҲ˼֣ӭڰؽ磬Ҳ
ˣ𣿡һƣ
͡޺޵صƺһۣƺԺ΢Ц
û͡ڣƵòУȸ˵
ֵܣģڶĸֵİɡƺذο
ƺѺ͡һߣ˽˺һ
ƺã仰Լ֪֮ǰŲࡣ
ʹ˵ġ¡ˣһԼȥ߱꣬ϾԸ߱ɣӶԷ׳˭Ҫһܡ
Դӽɣһ·Ա˳ƻжƺ˿
һҶŲҴҵܹ˵˼仰ڵͷƺһ°ͣߡ
͡ƺƵؽ
⣬ſڵȣԼȽȥˡ
ƺ˫ֱŻʵýżŵϵСʯӣʹʹߵ͡űߣЦ˵ֵܣ߻£
㵹ɣðһܵô͡⸱ӣŭ
ƺһ޹Ķܣ֮ǰǲҲô㣬¶˭˭Ӯׯˡ
͡ƺҲǸſڿ֮ˣڰ±׳ʲô˵
ƺ״ڨڨЦЦôųһʧֶѣܿͷɣ
㶮ʲôҲҴڲ壡
壿ôţƺȵǼԻô˰ͷӸ˻ȥͳˣӦֵǮİɣ
ʲôǮǮģ͡üɷһԾŶŵǧǮûϵ
ƺ죺ǰɣ׽ǼţȻûǮ죬ҪƲǣǮϡգһǾί˶ж
ʲôίˣƽʱ£ʹ˴Լˣ͡ͷ꣬˿̱ƺੲݽԽۣŭǺúõʲôͲ۸ôҪң
Ӵ⻰˵ģûǼûǼˮô͸ˣƺһǣԵ޹ķҪסǣһŵ˻ûίأ㵹Թˣûض˵ȥ
͡ڿûðɣҪǳŲȰҪܳˣֵôҶ˭Ըǣһ嶯Ҫ´ңñƨɣ㻹Լ
Ҳϡ˭Ҳģҵллƺ첻ߵعŲӣҸͷôٹңԺǳŵԼ𣡡
͡һ㡭ôɣ
ôˣѪû˵ö֮ǲҲһôڽѵҸʶ˴֣ΪǵСҽڣƺ֮оˣޣ
ʲôһʲô飿͡ɫ˱䣬۾ƺ㶼֪Щʲô
ƺĿһιʲô֪һ£ҴףҹսǳˣѵǲһҵĶгĵСҶŻ
⻰˵ģɣ͡ƺԼҪĴ𰸣Ϊոƺǿɫɡ
սѾã¶ˣ»ȼսͿ̿͡ڲĵ˵Щ¸÷±£˭ҲܱųԹһӡ
ƺģȷ˾ųɣҪʣȴſڵϹϻʲôأϵܣҴ룬ɣ
˵ˣվȶˡƺߣֻһЦģû׻
͡͵̧ͷ
ƺڲߵ͡ߣû£ˣֻҪסǣҲ㲻š
͡ǵġ
ڵŪıʧǰһΣ粢δ
ڵƻƺһ߽ȥһźɫ۵˱ͷƺϹŵĻ
ƺ
һװ
ɿ̽ʵ֣
˻عͷǸ߱ݣ⸱׿Ҳʮ꣬òΪţһƺЦˣո߱ϵܣеǸ
ԭ㳤Ǹ߱ӢˡòŵǸұ˴˱˴ˡƺȥʾԼǱ˫֣Ȱˡ
²̫㡣۽΢䣬̹׵ҪץģֻʣһˣӿɾͶˡ
ƺΪ⣬һƨԱϣȼ϶αأǹ򶼱Һãһԭʧɣˣ㲻лҪ˵ô˵ɡ
۱ҲԱߵϣЦʵ㣬ҶûмӺ֮ģֻΪһЩԭҪںϼաϣǱóԺúдڤ粻飬û취ҲֻһЩǿֶΡ˵ǰߣǵǰ˵Ǹ
ƺбĵǸЦ滢
ԶԹ޳ܸܲңʲôԭҪǹȥŽţĵؿˣȻѾ촰˵ˣ͸һ㣿Ȼˡû취ϡ
ԭȻǲ˵ġЦţʮֿ֮У֮£¡
ʵأ
ҳݡ
ƺҡҡͷҲ˵Ҳ˵ڰ
ֿԸ㣬ʲôأһҲ֪١۱֮䣬ԩ޳Ҳ޽飬һˣԻὫͻӦȥ֮أ˺Ȼ޽⡯֣Ǹдǣղ͹ˡ
ˣ̹Ҳ㣬Ҳ㣬ܵ㣬˵ͱҲ㡣ƺЦ֮ѱп֮ĥûô
ɫģˡ֪ϵ˵ʲô
ҳǺ۸һģⲢһ¡պָʹʱΪԸһ֧ȷ氵ɱӣšᡯԱоˣֱԷ˾ųΪţӳȻǿȸȥǴ񡢰ѩˡֻϧķ裬ֻʣȫȫβģҲ֪ˡ
֪˲࣬˽ҲΪ˶ս̫³ԱⷬѾʣ༸Ҳ嵽ӪУӴˡᡯڴ˵Ҳ伣常뺫ã£Ҳ֪
ƺǺѩˡ֮ʱռ΢΢鴤ζʵû˵ɣ֣
лҪ˵
PUAжչüİܱ
żûС˾ų˵ֻСӡϹڡ˾ųԱ˵һһ¡ɾ


55 
꼱նƺ, Ƭ̺εЦҾ˳ʲôˣʵʧߡϵܣ֪̫࣬δǼ¡
ƺʼ磺û취, һ, ʲô˽һЩ֪֪˲ܰս
һ˵, һ߰ӽ⿪һС, ż米ššӣǡ졣
ǰϷ, 꼶Լ⿪һºԾֻǵЦЦ
صǺǣŽ͵͵ų飬ֵĴƯ, ɹ֮ء˲ֻȭͷ˵ٸԻҲ, ݲͣ
ƺվڿǰⲽ, ıֵܱĲ˵ͷԺçܱȵģҲò˼, Ǳһƣ, һǮݡ˵Ķô
꼴, ɫһ˫ýģƺǿѹʲô
ƺΪ⣬˭˵涸ȻݶܣҲ̩ɽǰ治ɫˣǶԵꡰᡱӳ
ǺľƺþԼ²ϸг룬ǲġ
꼵˿ûʲôӦǲ˵ҲֻΪ飬ʲôˡ
ˣڹҺôһЩͬġ
ƺµòȷʵĳӿȣⲻΪݱ𴩡
ǳſҲˣǰŶƺ˰ٰ̽ݴͣΪ֪ӲûôöԷ
ֻƺ֪ᡱԸ⣬Ȼģһû˸ǰ֡ѩˡ
ӳ۸£֪뺫Ľ飬غҲѾҵĶ򡣡ƺַʽңöģҲֻкָʹһˣǲǣ
ϵܣֲ̫֪ΪԼлġЩδϣҲܿ̽Ǳĺá꼲ÿɷ񣬻ָ֮ǰЦݿģ˵Ѿ˵ˣЪŰɡ
ƺ̫ԾҲ֪Լʲôۣô˿̵ЪšӦ֮ǰ˵Ĳ̫һ
꼻ڽڣϵȥȫĵطСסգκ˴š
ڵͷǡ
ϵܷģһǼֵžۡЦӯӯе
ƺ۲ȴҲߡ
˵꣬㱳뿪
͡һֱſڵţӭȥ磬Ҳģû뵽˻
޷̧һֹֻ֣𣬡ѳأĻΪ̸֤˽ܺñǡӳȥҲΪҶˣٺͶչüֻҪһ¶취¡
͡ͷ漴ֳɵ磬治˼һ֪ǵҪʲôҲá
ҪʲôҶûȤҲûҪ֪Щһͽȥѳˡ
ڣЦߵƺԣϵܣɣ
Ƣ粻ѹָոպ͡³ƺεظڳţͻȻǰ˻Σðô
ڿһֻۣҴƢã㻰̫˷˰ɣ
һࣿƺֽУƲƲ죬ȿ»Զɣ
û취ǴֵܣҡںϾСϵܣһȰ˼ܣظò֪㶼֪ˣ첲šȣαִһộĸ˻ûȥˣǱǹô࣬úܵ˵иõڵ㣬һʲô£˼ҿôźã
ƺУʵ˰״Ҳɼˣ
ڱŹֵؿһۣƺô⻹˵
Ͳ㡣ﳤȥ
ƺ
ڴԺӣֹ˺ü¶ţյһСԺſͣ£һͣԺǰԱվ࣬иһ˶ߵĹӣŵǡ
ڳǹһŬ죺ϵܣ
ƺĿࣺ˵
˴磬ĿǰҲֻˡڻЦȫͷǸŵȫĵط
ΪΪⰡ
ϣҲڰǸɾˣƺҲֻԼӲûʲôʤ㣬Ҳֻε̾˿ǹ
һ֪⾹һƤӣһ˶ߣ߼Ҳɲƽֻš
ǰŸսȥͰѹϣ죬ǲ
ƺıڣƤʮֺʵƾһ˫ȷʵԴ򿪣εس⺰֣˰
洫ڵƤ赲ƵģϵͰɣվͻ
űԸ߰ɡ
ƺΪԼᱻ庮ӣ̫档
ԼҪץ˹ƶˣ϶Ҳϼӷˣ֮֮Ӧɣ
󳵿ʼƶƺڹһǣĥŸոյľ仰û˵ԡ
ȥȻ뵽Լ˵ᡱ꼵Ծɹž޲ֻᵽѩˡʱ򣬶Էһ˿ı
ǵõ֮ʱɽ뺫˵ǱǡᡱȻŮӣŵȻҲС⡰ѩˡӦΨһŮ꼶ַӦǿңرһĵ¡
ѲΪѩ֮꼲Ŷ뿪֮ģ
֪Ҫȥ֮һ·ͣͣʱңʱƽأֻһֱĵûʲôֻгᡰ֨ѽ졣
ԼĪʱƺоһ˼֣ŵչ˫ۣŽ˹ڣűˮʶոǳӦʲô
ЩëҪǿ꼽˵ȥǿôӣҲӦԼ
ӦҪȥأʳԣˡ
СϺ˵ʵļǳúܣ
ƺ⺰ǵҪҴȥĶ
ûӦϵţֱ˴غ𣺡ʲô֣ԹԴţ
ûӻ˲֪ʲôݺһ£ۡһŻľƺͷƤðǣŶ仺˺һҪôһ˳¾͵÷ˡ
ղ˵ҲǺ͡ûˮܿҲͣˣ󳵺̧˼֣ǳ˰
ô͵½أոˮ·زպӣ֮ڣĻбˮ·
ƺ뵽ΧĸɽͻȻﻮһͷĪǵ°ӣѲǺУڴ˵أ
־ﲻԣǺУ˼ž
󳵿ĿİԼĪһʱ䣬ƺԶС¡¡ƺǱĵصŴ˵죬ĴŴ򿪵
ȻͣˣΧOO@@ű˺һգǱ̧𣬽ű䡣
ƺϽ϶䣬Ȼ񱻷ڵϣַ۵ľ졣
Ķˣ޺޵س⺰
û
ֹһײһһ߼Сű򿪣лƵĹ˽˷ŽӣֻһѸٰСŹϡ
ĲͷһǺȵˮһװʺŪ˾Լúܰɡÿջ˶ʱͷ㰲㣬˵ܳȥ
˵ĽŲ㽥Զˡ
ƺŹӣߣл㣡
ŲûͣűǴŹرյ䡱һ⳹װ
ȾҺڣǴӵıڣǻԼĺֱ˾ԼѾˡ
ƺһ룬ػе鷳

׿Ӧһ£ſڡ
Դϣͷһѵܵģ
顣׿ӦжǸǰǣѣ
һ飬ֱۣӣʶԼĶַи硭
׿ӦΪ
ҲۣһӦͷ˿ţŤͷûŵûȥɣ
ţߣ׿ӦճƺϣɺЦΪҹľٶһ
ۣ˵¶չü۸繫ӣ粽š
׿Ӧ۸֣ΣҲãСϸٱǸնε̣
ط˯һɣ춼ˣչüӦòСϸôһء
ǲеᣬԼţҡҡͷ˯ˣһҪæ
׿Ӧмһ֣µģץס˾ˡ
Ҿ˾ˣ
ãСϸ֪㵽仹СǧҪԼΣգҪ㵣ġ
˱죺ֻжչü󻵵Ųҵġûϵ˲Լ˼ƽϡ
׿ӦЦԷǣĦķСϸװŵ˲࣬϶֮һ
ɣʲôΪãҪͬĻرһҵġ˸Ƿ֪ԼṦȻøӲӲǴܻһСұý̽Ϣ
⺢ӣȷʵѰͯˣһμ׿ӦкƺһټҹǴ׿Ӧе£ʲô𣿡
׺͵չüԱ˵Ļ׿ӦС
ƽϲȥСĺ͹ǵ᷿ǴǲֹӭתƣϰΪ֮󣬶֪ٵСүҲ⣬żᶺһ
նչüǸüȥҾ֪ԣ͵䣬չüĸʱ򣬱ˡ֮ϸ˵ĻԽҪ죬һʯлչüûǣҪȥԱǺηʥŪˣͽд͸Ұš
׿ӦУ
оԼһӸȥˡ
һΣ׿ӦԼٻȷʵҪи֣ĳǶ˵Ͽ׶ˣ⺢Լ²ú壬ԼǱе㲻£
ƫͷ룺ȷʵȴʹһЩ
׿ӦƤЦⲻЦл㰡
˿һۣʲô佱
֪ıԷȷʵôҲֻӺףһ㬣
׿Ӧ̶ãȽʯлԵ׿Ӧзʡ
˵˴֪˭ˣƽҲֻϰ˻ӶչüķԸŵùҲʯлԶˡ
ʯлֱϵڳ׿ӦҲͲټ⣬ͲӰʲô˵ʲô
׿ӦлԷһȥϾ˸Ϥɵ
ָüͷһ壬Сһӣͬˡ
ʯл˵ҹչüȷʵһͨҲ֮ǰ϶ģǵպº¶˽ߡ
չüҪǻ˵Ļգƿܻȥ顣
׿ӦгƬ̣ʯлԣȥ飬ǰ˭Ūͨƣȥ̽һǸԱĵףվ˭ôܸȸִϹϵΣ
ͷӦиġ
ʯ繰ֵ׿ʲôҪܷԸ
ʵҸʱ̽չüĶֻϧ̫١׿ӦпЦ
л룺ȷʵеѣҵ֪пҪȥļȥѲӡ
׿Ӧˮð˲ҵ
ˮģԼġʯƬԱΪӣܶۼܵĵشչüǱ߿˳ׯ̣֬Щ˽Щù⣬ҼӲЩԾǱ㲻ˡǶչüֻҪȥǱתһȦ
˽׿Ӧʱһͷһָͷһۣóֽʣʯ˵鷳λǼ̵λû
֮׿Ӧбȥæǳȥ֮ûȤȥһȦ
գգۣ˼ͷЦԺ


56 
׿Ӧ, նչüûԱȥǵĸǽжȻǱĵ̣˵ὫԱԼǴϸϸ̸
ҽ£ٸżҲû, תһת
ԭ׿Ӧлһȥ, , ϰŴڻҲýȥ׷ٶչü, ˭֪뷨ˡ
չüӳͷӣӲȥŻɡ, ҿ»Ǳˣ˵㵽תתͻ
ϵҲûҪǳȥ÷׿Ӧк鹦򶼲, Լһ´ࡣ
̫Ըһֳٽ⺢Ϲ˵ʲôԼҪԼĻ뻰, ǲҪˡ
Ϊ˲öչü, ׿Ӧдϸ׼ĻһŨױϽ, 㡰йӡͷȳš
Ǽһ, ͬһˣ뿪֮㾶ֱȥ, ˵Ҫȥȸ¥顣
ȸ¥λþɳƫһ㣬ԴΪתĻȥҲһЩ
ճûã洫׿Ӧ޴ӷֱǲ̿һۡ
Ŷ϶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫҪ˵ʲô׿Ӧʳָڴϣʾָָĳ
Ϊ˶ĿöչüɣȻ
˿̳׿Ӧе˼ڳ˵ʲôҲҪ·Ǳ׿ӦаЧֻ
ȥ򣬻óͣ˵Ṧ򣬽ų̿죬һԼŸ
뿪ʱ򣬱ʮ־ɥԳ壬鷳㣬һ׷ϡ
ͰͣȰͣһȵ˭֪һóСĹĵ˵ȲˣǵӦиǿôãɣ¶첻ãɴɣʲôȥ
װҸСǺ˦ȣɿܡ
ųĴҪ𻨽ģŪ˾ͱˣ
Ҳ֪СֱݻˣҲû룬̾˿ݳ
ͷʱʱΪָ·ܿܽһƫƧС֮УѾͬ㴭Ŵ
һתˣǸˣűȦ㣡ү
һɫ̴򣬴ñ˿ɴ֡
Сӣˣôޱӣɫ촽Щ԰ףࡣ
ŵʣǿɻãֻкȥ٣ûǣҿɵˡ
ģҿС⼸Եú˯úãԲһȦްҲˡ
͡ðɡͷе㲻˼ǶôŵģǺҽͷ𣿡
ʹһۣЩ΢
ԼһĹ֮һֽǱɥŸ׷
ڣ׿ӦпʣΣ
ԥһ£׿ӦУյߵɽϰҵĸ߱Ǽٰģ֪ʲôˣԭҪץǳˣںԸȥʣ㡢ʹү˳ģһѺȳġ
׿Ӧ룬ءŶһ
Ӧƽ⣬㷲ؿһۡ
ǱԵˣСȻҰԸģ˵зִ硣
׿Ӧвǲġҹƺˣ˰ҹҲ˳˼·
Щˣϵɽ»𺣵ģǲôһ˷ƺҲǲںֻ˿ڱ£Ƕԣܸó涣ҧࡣ
Լ˵Щȥʵס
׿Ӧоã˳ͬͬ˼ķʽҲͬԺվԼĽǶ˼⣬ǸŶԷľƺǳŸӣʲôıçΪҲãʩҲãΪ˴Ŀ꣬ǳνӢۡ
Ӣۡ
ԼۣҲöԷһЩκͿռ䣬ƺҪֺ֧ЭһੲݡŹȥˡ
ңṩҲ׿ӦеĲ²Ӧˡ
ƺ٣ѾԷˣ򲻻᲻ƽﲻװûСȻԷ˫ĳЩϴһ£ǡͲ̫Σհɡ
˿Ǳһ߳ԣһ߿ڳݲʹүſڶأǴţᾡ׷µҹѾץһչüȥź£߷ʱṩչüĶ򡣡
ⰲţ׿ӦбˣǼڣܲʲôġ
β߷չü£²±ʶô
ڴڽǱõֶ£ιҩ룬ˮҲʲôˣ顣
ת˼Ȧ֪ʲô⣬޵Щҩͦġ
֮иģ˵һ·ῴǣ֤󲻻˸š
׿Ӧеͷֻһˣе㵣һ˲Ӳø㣬ܸţ˷˾ųɡ
ԼĪʱ˱㵽ȸ¥ƹʶйӡҹٵݳֻм˵üǴ˳ȸ¥ĵطǶ˷ƹȻЩҲָƣһᣬ׿Ӧгơ
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׿Ӧ̶ЩݲŨȤԱͼӴ׵˵ºһꣻǸ񳾷ĸ輧رǸˣĵطϷǧܴҪȻɾͿˣ
ƹͷҲƼ׿ӦЦտ۸ˣ£ǾһʱɡģסĻɱҿޡ
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ƹЦСӰ񳾷ǰ繫Ҳߡж񳾷籾ûݳ糿ɤӣ״̬ãѪôһҪȻˣϡ
һˡ׿ӦĶŵлƹչˣ˰徲ҪǲȥС˵ҪûʲôҪ£ͱˡ
ƹͷģ
ƹȥ׿Ӧб˰ǰߵӣҲòſöá
񳾷Ȼ󣬽ĿһϣܶŷԭյĴúܿˣ׿ӦİҲ
ûʲôŹ֣׿Ӧһͷ
׿Ӧл⣬⿪洩Ĺ䳤ۣ¶ɫС̴򣬽ֽͷȫͷ÷̶סȻӺĨ˰ʱͿù֬ۡ֬ȫĨȥָԭ泯ģӨ׷ɫźɫ·˸ͦξ
и磬㻹ÿǰױôŨеŤ
׿ӦȻҲŤױҲ˺ô֮һˡھһͨͨӣ֬·һҡεġйӡû֮
ͷ˰ᣬ׾ٵذӺ뿪ȸ¥¥ʱȫûע⵽١
ճŲãϤһͷվǽǵЦ㣬ү
ԭ׿ӦһȥǾԼͬȥãһḻʲô¿໥Ӧһᴫʡôȥʲô
繵ͨҲ֪Ӹڣ˻Щġ
ȸ¥ٵǸͬʱҲŰĶ
׿Ӧ´ԼĽչü״ֿȭ뷴Ƕң־ܣս
״ԼĵñҲͷϣԼǱʱҪӭеĻԿ
ԭ׿Ӧл綼ñȽۣ˽ϣԽߣŷҲô硣
ɱ֮أܶݸӣͲԸ¶ݣݱ²ĴñҲû˻࿴һۡ
˵뿪ʱչüδ׿Ӧ˳ǽǼֵС˸ţڶչü˽ڵĽֿ˸̯á
˴ڵĳϺȸ¥ڵĳдྶֵͥխСݱƣԶСһţҲװʮֲִڣԼд˸ӹ¡
ԷӶ࣬ҪôƶĸŮͯӣּۻڶ׿Ӧвڲ̯ûһͿԶĶķ˺üˡ
Ҳ֪Ƕչüʲôʱ׿ӦеȵЩ꣬ס´
俴ҲĶоһ죬ͼ⣺УżͷϵķǺģ
׿ӦһͻȻЩ˼š
ƺ̴ľµľɷûߣ׿Ӧûӣ
ȷ֮ҲЩ󵨣ճҪװǸͺԼƵġ
С˼Ϊ˵Լۡ
û뵽һ۾Ϳˡ
룬һ쿴ţǶסˡΣЦ˴ɣû뵽ǰǺлҲģսǲµġץǵ뺫͡ǲǱǵһ£ûд˺֮⣬˺Ըȥʣȡʱ䡣
׿Ӧһĳģ˵ĳǲǺ
ӵҲתÿ졣Ҳôģϴһ£ֻǻɣڰ˳ȷ֮£ԳŻôһ֮ĵģ壬ҲǺˡϾ͹үһֳｨġ
鶨Ҫˡ׿ӦûˣҲֻ˵һЩһ羴֮⣬ֻԴй֮⣬ǵ羴֮Ҳˡ
Ȳ˵⺢Ӽ۸ũʮǰײս֮ʱ߽ߵũƵ鸸ϱ㾫ͨսƵ𣬺פ۸żϰʶ˶̽ӣ֮Щȥ󣬺ǹ¶ĸҲչˣǺųģ羴ǳ
ұǾȴһѵҲǺ⣬йү֧֡үȥ֮һү𡣺Ҳ˼βŴ֪̾˹ᣬܼӺү⺢ӷǵñɡ
׿ӦǸɵӣȷʵҲв̡
ô룿ʵ˾ʲôԸΪս꣬ΪλͻȻꣿΪҪôҲô᲻мı
͵ЦȻ뺺뵽һȥ˽۹Ҳһ²⣬úôǼӭŪ尢㵽Ҫʲôźһټ𡣿ڱսһսڳҲ˵ϻͻᱻӰĴñӣֻ˽ж
ҲƭǺ꣬ʲô㻹ǹߣȻҸղŵĻɡ׿ӦгиöԷŷĻᵹɡ
ɻĳ£뷨һ¡
˵ɽ֮ʹ߿죬˺ҲΪϻʵֵãԲŵУĻ£׿Ӧ΢΢üҲȫ˵ȥǾǣǿ
δһҪ˵ҪúĴɻҲٲúͶ״ˣӴһϵƣһ𡣡
Ժ˺ϧѽͶ״Ϊǲ˵Ŀģ⵹ǴĿһ¡׿Ӧепܣ뾾еĴ棬ǸĳףܳУڻ˾ǳˣȷʵǧѹֺŲͣһ»£ˡ
Ҳֻо⣬ΪѶƲĽۡʵΣ˭֪أǱȻܷжһ˵һУӦǶչüĳ
׿Ӧ˳ķȥֻһͣһƾ¥ſڣ³֮Ƕչü
ϾɣչüٻٲĿŵغյģ¥Ĺǿ»ûױδӭͣչü֮ⲻھơ
׿Ӧи磬ᳵ·ش¥Ժ˽ȥ
Ȼʱ磬ԺĲû˻¥֮أԺ᷿ﳣİͳ룬СѾǼֲ֣Բߡ
籾װ磬ժñǽǰУΪǸմһȵĻͣûжֹע
ǴӺԺǰԺС¥¥һȦҲյûʲôˣƵ¥ԶԶһ᷿˰ء
¥Ƕ¥׿ӦһʹɫѸ˳¥ڣֱ˷ҵǸ˰صķ䣬ŰǿƬ
ñ̫ۣǴ˿Ҳ١ԭֻһ䣬ȷ϶չü֮ݼɡչüҪʲôͷϸǱ߷̽ӡ
䣬̧ͷ׿Ӧһۣʣ˵չüǸԱ⣿
׿ӦмɫԣɵֻҵƲ⣬ѵô
ǡնǶˣǹ߱ˣ


57 ·
չü鲻, ߽£һûɣ֪ԷһᱻʡԼ뿪Ҳһ£Ҳ˵ȥ, ҲӲͷƤġ
Ȼһ, Ϳߺ׵ɫ, ԱýģЩ΢
ߴ, Ըȣֶ, ѧ˲ͷԵټ˼ϲŭɫײ˷
ߵϵ̫, ûܱס˲ӣıĴ, ǮûµĶչüȻкɫ
˶չü, Ҳûѿףֱ׷µĽչ֮ǰ˺ܶ, 𣬸Щġ
չüԴӵˮһ, ܰͷ˭ҲҸɫ, Ȼ
Ȼ߱ϾǽҲֻŽթ˷ȷʵ˲ۡҲܲ𣬴㽫һ򾡣뽫Щʱգ
Ƕ˧µɽΪƽ󽫾ڴϱߣ⡰ƽָƽףƺˣû˳ƺΪͳΪ
֪ŲöԸҪȻǰҲڶԷ԰̡˴ɣΪ˹һЩƻҪҪΪ¶ˣע⣬˲ûдٵ֡
ƻֱ·Уǿ˶ڱĵطִҲϾ֧Ԯ˴
ңҲֵüɱԱ֮ì֮ܣգ
ֻû뵽ˮ⣬Ȼô
ʵˣ֮£ȫܸнֹ֮ȣοչü˶ģҪϵ취꼳ɡ
ԶչüԣץֻǸӵ񣬲ûôġ
߿չü뷨֮ԱǵģֻϧԸǿѲͷߣָҲֻжչüίߡ
˿ֳ̼滰ŪԼ߲ðɣȣһ£ѵ˽ӽһ£˳šԱ潻棬ȫΪ²ŵ½վ棬㾹ȻҶЩӣζˮ쵱ȴôʵǹӣ
˵Ҫȥ㣬Ҹˣ˵ҪʱȥıҵˡڹȥôãһչûУ㣿
չüüĿ˪ԭһҲˣЦţĳҲҵ󣬾ʹǣɣ
ǣҲû˸Ұ㣬ȻҷᣬӲˣҲˣԼ˭˭ɣһʧŲ
⻰߻ûʲôʾৡһ˵չüȻҲεССʱš
վչüѹǣչüñһ紵ͷƤ顣
ͻȻԼһĴ󡪡ԷǶ󽫾ԼƽЩƦå֮ڣΪ£ûãҷĺݻֱǻˡ
ȷʵҲ߲̱ﵽԼʺɶչüȻǵű
ζ֮У֮£ôǳԵĵ㲻᲻߱޲ȴ׺ݵ÷·ҪˣŵĻֻһʱ߲ſںԣϣԺ˵ӣһȴΪ˲գ
ȿȡչüɿԼ߶ϵܣãΪάס棬ɫչ˳뽫һ⼱꣬Ҳ绥¡»һ¸ΪȡüĿǾ仰뽫ڳţҲһЩնȫץ񣬾˽¡
ޱ飬ŶչüҪڣһԵĻȴֱֱһĨ΢̧ͷȥʱɫʲôˣ
ȻչüڳơѰ˷ȷ϶ԷǹߣǺƿ߿˵ĿļһЩﲻȣСŪһɳͽǻˡ
͵һԵ׿ӦУߣ
ǰŴӷ£ߵƿݶ׷˳
׿ӦвսǰϤΣѸӹԺ븽Сܿʧ
еɽ֮ƣδ׷ᣬһԶԶ׺ϣһѸٷ˹ߣ׿Ӧеδһ顣
䲻֪˾˭ǵҲд⣬չüɫ˼֣ζ͸߹㣬Ų¶ˡ
չüģҲǿѹŭ
ˣŽ鲻ˬҩǻòͷˡ
ƫͷһӵʱ꣬ȥϽĻһˡ
žУݾߡŵľԺܸߣǵˮƽºܿͱ˲³ţж
³ӦþǸ׷ȥĻʱ⻰չüչü˱ۣ΢΢һ°ͣʾɡ
ǣʱչü͹һ֣תѸٳ˷䡣

׿ӦвûԶڸﶵһȦԾ˦׷С¥ڵĽϡ
뿴ߵ˷˼
߻ɣ粢⡣ƺ֮ǰƶϹ˼ȻҪв򣬱ضǺҪĶ߾㲻ȫ̸ҲᵽѲ飬ȫܲˡ
ҲΪƺǣ˹ߣҲ񣬾ڵܰɱ˱ǰףΪһʱ嶯ɱˣȻݾߣ׷˵ıʲô
ݷ꣬ڿ϶Ҫдͨĳ׺ĳҡʵݵ˭ضλȨ֮ˡֻн׷鵽ף֪ǵ®ɽĿ
Ҫɱģ죬֮һջ
ԽñûڽֿڵĲ̯ȥ¥бľƹݣ˶¥¶̨λã¥ſڡ
׿ӦЩ㷣߱¶ݣһųô죿
˿ھƣҲδ֪Ǿš˵ո͸֪ԼѾ¶ûҪš
Ͳ±ǰɱ𣿡
ȻǶһ˵һ߲ǳԸɷģҪױ˴аɱҲڡЦ
׿ӦĵҲǣʣô죿жң
Ҳûá
⵹Ҳǡ׿ӦеҲɱܻᱻ㲻ûᱻơʵӦò٣Ҳ֪ǵײ鵽ʲô
綢¥ţӦ˼
ûȶãչüȴ¥ŵ˱ǹߡ
뵽߲زأһװ磬ϳ֮٣û뵽ôڲڣֱǳԶ˳ŲҵŪ
׿Ӧм¥ǴһҲ˹ȥտߵʱͫ׽¸ɴ壬̧һС졣ֺխĿҲ˵С
ߣȷǰĹ۸ʦܵǸˣ
ߵǸ󽫾𽵹ʦʦʵʲô
߱ˣҲǳۺ죬Լȥɱо룬һˡ
׿Ӧе㣿
Ƭ̺ŵ޷
Ŀ粽ߣֵֻչü˵˼仰˾ɫءӶĽ޷Ƕٶչü¡
Ÿո׷ǵǸзأڹ߶߲֪˵ʲôŹ߱˵ͷҲ˵䣬ǻҲû뿪˻صһࡣ
׿Ӧ֪ʵ˵ʲô
ȭͷ֪ǶҼһЩȥ顣߰ɡ
׿Ӧиȥ̧߱ͷǸոŵλÿһۡ
³Ŷ˵ǣһǳţ̬ŮӣһӣβֻǸͨˡŮȲˣǸʱԶԶ׺ţ֮ȸӣ֮ϵ㲻˳ϡ
ߴͷ΢΢һЦԳ³ʾ⣬ⷬ߶չü
³˵߲꣬ŵζѾṩϣչֳӦеʵ
չüоֱǹ컯֮±˵ִһ⣬ǳ˳飬ɫ뽫

׿Ӧкٴλصȸ¥СһֱڰǱĴע⵽ǵĶϡ
չü˹ߵвҪȫ׷ţ׿ӦǧҪСģͬʱҲǿչüػᾡԱһ£Ҫ˶˶Ρ
ȻףҪȥﻥͨ׿Ӧ򷵻ȸ¥İᡣ
ֻȥһʱоգջķᣬЩ˷ܣȸ¥и輧תԲ󣬵ǽ
׿Ӧһᣬ㿴Źζһ죬Ƿ϶Ÿ輧񳾷ģ
˽ĺӲŻŵŤͷ׿Ӧл˫˫˿
׿Ӧε˵УôԣһǱ˽ȫˡ
ͷЦû¶ү϶ڸء
ָˣԼҲ߾ԡ׿ӦвԸ˵̣Ҳ˵ôһա
ʲôˣ˵˷áûôϴοۻݣᣬһӱ绨ѩҲ⡣
֪д±𱸣ת׿ӦУôûз֣չü󻵵Ǹɫ涼˵ʲô
Ʋ󣬶չüĲԱ⣬Ƕˡ׿Ӧѹ
һȻԲۣ
׿Ӧһ߻ԭ·ϺϴŨױһ߰¸˵һ飬󻹸һѧĴ˵ĵʲô
ⶼ˵ɶ鼱ֱͷĲ񣡡
Ҳû취粻ӴƲȻʧ棬׿ӦӲѧø߰㣬Ҳѹ
꣬׿Ӧϸϸ˵һ飬˼˺һڻȻ򣺡㣬ʵǡǾɡ˼ûɶã׷칦򡣡
׿ӦУ
Ǹ˵Ĳõģϧ˵Ļѿ͡ŻһĽɫ飬û뵽㻹˵̽Ұ
ʶһֱ۸һسӣȻNɪҿǴСҵѧģһҲѧᣬҾͽƶɣ
Сү
Ա䲻˳Ѱ˶һ̧ȥǳվڰſڡ
ôҲͨƢûйأ
ԭϵģҲϽվһߡ
׿ӦжʱЩ飬ոջ˵ӾԲߣԼҲѿãۣ·ɨһȦ¶ʲô
Цʮֺ񣺡үĪСĸⲻǡϰǲʣôôûȥСһ䣬øϰظ׼Ŷ
׿ӦУӦи磬ǻô
׿Ӧҡͷ÷ˣȥɡ
𣿻ȥƽ˻ҲûкȺȵϰߣ⳵ʵһЩЩ߳ŭ
Ȼ˸¥ȥ
׿ӦкȿڲѹѹŴһһС¥
һ¥񳾷绹ѽѽسţɢǽλˮйͨ׿Ӧм˴ȺﴩײŲſڣӭ㱻һŲͷŮײ˸ؿڴ·ȫʪˡ
ԱһСϽѹô£ôֱŵģ
ŮŻˣͳæҵظ׿Ӧв·Щקɣ¶ߵ
׿ӦæˣҪظȥһá
ǶԲסС׿ӦЦתͷѵŮɫ׺ݵˣйⲻǣ
Ů߶£ۿؿ׿ӦһۣͷԡԲס
һԲסˣ챿񳾷ѧǳ룡СҪָŮ̫Ѩ˺ü¡
ˣһ߬סСָһߣѾǸҼҹҲûаѣΪ˲ģǿ۸һģ߳ô
һ˵öԣ
С˳ͷҵηֻҪӲֱá
׿Ӧ£죬Ů£Ժ·ĵ㡣
Ůɴ⣬ͷĿ׿Ӧȥ
׿Ӧ߳ȸ¥ţͷһۣŮԭأɵЦһЦŮò˼صͷ
׿Ӧв飺Ůʶ
ʶʱˣͷʶҲִ԰
ؽҴǸ񳾷յͽܣС¡ȳ̨ϳһСΡҼͿ۶ֱˣ˼ҡ
˵ۣƼˮ꣬˵ⱲӶˣϹʲô
׿ӦмӲϣĪʶҲֻЦû˵Ӷ죬Ҳ֡
ߵӣСүǰߴֳ̫ʢһʱͨУС·ߣ𣿡
׿ӦвΪ⣬ӦС
ܿ뿪˳ֵ֣ܿսһС·¶ֻóᡰ֨Ӵ֨Ӵؽš
׿ӦпڳϱĿ񣬲֪ؾǰڲ̯ضչüʱ̯ϴӣž뵽ƺ
ڵģǷ񰲺ã綨ὫƽȳɣȻöе̣»ؼ棬Ҫ˵⡣
˿ȴͻȻٶȣͣ׿ӦЩ棬ܴĴصĽŲʱɫһݡ
Ϣɴ۾׿ӦС
ǳѾԭŲǰԶվ˸µˣﱧŵЦСֵܣּˣ
㣿鼱еŤͷչ׿ӦУи磬ͱ˵ĺ磡
׿ӦͫৡسЯĽʱ˳ȥûԱһֱָۣڡ


58 Ҷ
ȥ, ·϶϶˵һ飬꣬ɵؿһۣǻû׷ǣ
һ˲ҹ룬Ӷ뾡ȳƺһж, ˿ЩĲɡ
˼Ȼ򲻲, ֻǴ, ˱ĸ㲻Կ, ǶԳŵΪʽӦҲİãϲô
⻰٣оϸ, ԷȻҲţû棬˫ͳһʽѵģֻβֱܷ
ϳΣû׷, ҲԼιڲʣЩӲѵǻֱ治ûβͣ
ͻȻͣס, 󣺡ϳǳ, Ȼϳвǡǲ˸ǣǸŰô죿ݶᴩ
ʶȷʵǸ©ɹ߲û˸, Ѳɶչü
ϸ룬ͻȻ, ¥ſ³Ŷչüһȥˣոǳ֮ʱ, ȴֻʣˣ
ãͷŴɫߣ

׿ӦдǻŭֻһɱֿȭˣҲû
һãҲڵļƲߡ
ǰǳ򣬳ȸ¥ŵʱ򣬱˸Ϣڱг˴׽
룬ֻһӣһ轣СģҲǻȭȣ㲻ʣһ飬ĸ˻Ըˣ
ڿԼˡ
ոǾ仰׿Ӧб㷢˿ڲ֪ƺȥٻȥõġ
ֻû뵽õľǸӣܲ
ڳᡱ˵ȷ棬˵ʿҪϮͰɱսܸߣټ졣
֮ȣŸ̽ȡ鱨ʶϸս϶ǽ϶࣬ȷʵȲᡣƺȻҲϼѣڣٱˡ
书Ψ첻ƣһʵǧ
Ȼ׿Ӧʹǽ뵶ͬƮݣؼʱ򻹿˸աڽּУ㷢ִ˵Ѱ㽫ʹø͡
ڵѸ͵ײ׿ӦеĽߣʱˮסȭͷ޻⡣
ֻϧƺѵ֣ץҲûʲôãʵϧ
еĿĻ飬սپԼԸ׿Ӧл͡Ͼӿܲ飬򻹲Ը¾´ࡣ
ڴ֮ðǸʤľץˡ
׿ӦУֻΨˡ
λֵܣճҲԡһ׿Ӧд̹ĽЦ֪ˣⲻô
ǻĳЩ񣬵ֲֳʲ̫࣬ô˵ֻ
ƺǵ˿ڻ׿ӦǰΣڻᣬûðɣ޲ܽͱʮ˸ǵ˭ΪҪץƺǰĶˣ
˵һˮĽУֱԷţһ㿪׿ӦѸٳŹ̡
ڵǷӦѸ٣ܿӵ׿Ӧп׿Ӧлӽõұ˳Ƹסڵı۰
˾뼫ؽסڵͽһشս׿ӦУһ£Цû뵽־д˰ãСֵȷʵúܣеϧױˣ
ٷϻ׿ӦŭĿԲжƿŻӽ꣬üһƬǰأŭ˵˵˵˵˵˵
ֻ̧òˣ˳ȥԼһɣأһͷ׿ӦͷϷܿⲨơ
ʱؿ·ѱӣúõĲóɲǸոһ֣ѾѪ
Сֵܽ߳ڼģʽһ֡
ʡʡ㣡׿ӦжݺݵضϤΧӦǱصƦĳҵĺôźһܣ˼±޹أĻϽˣ
ڹȻŶ֪޹أ
׿Ӧоٸ˷ϻֽԾһУʺڶԷ̧֮ʱڰкת˸۷𣬻ߣ³Ҽƴӭ˶ĵУ͵سͱڵ󸹣
ڲصɴۣ漴ЦЦСֵܣֺڰ
㡢ѡءġˣ׿ӦҧгݣһһʵѾûԷĴࡣҼҲڵĵˣ䲻󣬵ǼѪ
˿оʹֻʳƺ䣬ˣĽǰǧУ
һסһ٩ǡѽ
Աֵļ˼ˣң
һֱ͵͵ڴϸϸţ䡰ҡתһȦʲô
û£ڳֹ̧ܣ˴Ŀģ
㿴ңҿ㣬ͻȻ̧鿳ȥûбǴæ׳֦ǶԴ֦ð߲ƳŲ˶ãҲˣǵûꣿ
ȻʱͻȻһӦи磬ߣǸ磡
仰ڳ˽һ
ڷӦѸ٣ѾѪ죬ŽԼ˿ڣһͷ鱳ͻȻƽΣԼඪһ䡰סһű㿸飬һݶȥ
ǵشУͣ
һϵжʵ̫죬׿ӦзӦҪȥ׷Ǽ൲סһȥ˦ǣԱߡۡһں˫˫ݶˤ
׿ӦУ
Ʀôô
漴֪ԭ򡪡ݶ¶һϤ׿ӦмǶչüĸ֮һʱ꣬Իĸˡ
ʱ꣬ǰǸŶչüһȥߵģ
úһ벶ȸں
׿ӦвⵣǣҲ֪ոڵĶԻԷȥ˼֡
ʱЩмڷŵȦӣԼûõչüҲõ
ʱӷԾ£һ۴¶ֱ׿Ӧһ֣С٣СӺйӼ¡
׿ӦŽĵҿȥİɣ
ͯʱָ飬ɫжһ˿壬ץ
ոһˤ˹˿źڵһã֪ǰ£ҵؿ׿Ӧһۣ֪ԼηӦ
һҲ˿ɫشʱꡣ
ţ׿ӦǰһǰָڣʱŭµһˣΪһҪץͯ
ʱɫѱǫӲ죬ǰ˵ǰף˲ʺСүź빫½⡣
Ҳţ⡱ܵߣſ˫ĸһػסسʱ꺰ƾʲôչü˵ʲôʲôҲŲҪģֺɵʲôˣ֮λ޴ǣ
ʱ겻øСһʶεСӣҲ뻤ȫһİɡ
ҲŲҪҺ;˾ˣ˿ǣߵֲû˾ҿɲ
ôҲ˾ΪѲǣʱ껰лҪӶΪ繫⣬ԡҲͰˣһҪΪ繫ԸģɾͲˡ
Ϊף⻰˵׿Ӧеģء
׿Ӧ⻰һĴ²ˣȥչüϿ
֮ʱԱ󸹻λվЩԾϷʣ˵ģҲ̫Ƿ˰ɣ
ʱȷʵڷոոûãڱ׿Ӧͱˣ˸֦ǼڻˣȻһ˼
ȻûӦͻȻһʱ֮࣬զ࣡
ڵĸ༸ͬʱжѸٻӵʱ꣬˲
ʱĸոͻȻ˽ʱƣʣҲڵĶֵֻ֣ܿȫ޷γв
׿ӦվһߣͻȻô˿̵ľԼޱ죬ϳ
ӵ˸ҪߣѾ˲ˣҪ顣
ʱһţ߷ɣ˸ͷǰһڡ
ΣֻӭУʱ
ʱ֪ǰԼжϴöôס
ھˣȻǿӦӲϾ֪ʵٶȣֻʵİ˳ɡ
ʱ겻ɻ󣺡׿Ӧн˸߳
ӵ֮󣬹Ƕһ֮ƻ˲סʱ꣬öץס顣
Ȼ־ܣ֮˵ĵ͸Ǵ
һʱ䳡߰㣬׿ӦΪûж֣·һߡ֡
ϳˣҶ澪ˡ
սƬ̣׿ӦзڵĹȷʵϳˣոôᱻԼͱˣ
Ѳã
ʵһԭ򣬱ϾֻǷסţڲ̬ɳԹ
һԭǣ׿Ӧʮ꣬ƽʦս˽ֵĻ٣֪Լãжáټϸղǻŭ⣬ս־ǿͣմ˽ɵıˣռϷҲ֡
֮ʱͻȻڣ׿Ӧѭȥʹݶʾ⣬ӡ
ڳе˺һҵǵټոո㿴ҵľ棬ʱҲˡ̵ְ˼
׿Ӧв˽ϸҲܲµǰжû˦ɾβͣ˶ˡ
֮䣬Լö
ҲȷϣԼذ֮ʱûע⣬ôҲпʱԼϳ顣
Ȼв𣬵ԶԶȥݵΣҲǺ´磬ϴ֡
֮Уױ˻ɣҲ˳¡
նչüѾ֪һţʱϵ֮ʱǳܼᶨΪ⡣
׿ӦпԼûб¶ǵϣ˵һɱð鰲ȫ߲У
˵˾仰ĿһѸ˼
׿ӦǱ㳶ĸ첲ǱߣһһߴҲߣҲߣͲǻˣҲţ
ݵУȦˣỨ˸
ǻˣô׷ɱ˾£׿Ӧбɫ
˦֣ͷ˴һŵ飺ͣӦи˵ģ˵
׿Ӧк˵ʲôҲûãҲǻȥģܾܲͿ컯ˣ
ӵĿ޺ڴеˣ⻰һ£ոϾȥ˿̸ǲ±¶˶Էλá
ʱüʸƿʶҪ㣬һ˲ʶʸԼϮ
ʱ귴ӦѸ٣̧ӭĶ̼񵲿¾ûôˣһؿмһҼͷ
ͬʱѾؾ쵽˼ʸķ򣬺һԾݶҪӡ
ȻϷ֣Ŵ˵壬ٻһҲ׷ȥ
ʱտַܿʣмһ㴫ƥ˻𣬱׿ӦѾն׵ĳԦ񱼶ȥ
ʱ͵һ飬ŭ׿ӦУȥ׷Ǹͯ

ڰƤʮְǡδ𡱡δˮε൱
ڽƺۣˮ
ءաûʲôµģڳѵҲƵĻڣֻʱûóԣֻһСˮܳŶá
һжУܻ񣬽ҹѵʱкõĵطǾǶԷûʱģһֱȻҪ̿򣬰ƤʹҲˡ
ȣڵ״ֱǽǳͷˮȣжԣͷʱܼһ
ǵĸƺ˿ڶָòˣپ˶Ҳᱻ˺
Ϊ˲ԼھԵĺڰ;ѹҲΪ˴ʱ䣬ƺۣϵڹ񶥵ԭ˩ϣˮһ׵ĵ©
ٲûϵԴжϳսթý¹ͷ࣬޷ȷʱ䡣
Ҳƺ̾һѾȥԼĪ죬վǶڣҲͱԼ취ȥ
ܽаΪҵˡ
洫Ŵ򿪵нŲͷˡ
ȻСŴ򿪣һưսƺۣһֻڸޡ
Բסֵܣ鷳ʺ򡣡ƺ٩ȥұضл㡣
ǰζԷĵؿ˿ڣߣб³˵
˵գ˱һӵݽȻۡعСţˡ
ƺĥø˲ͬҲûϡ
ֻ
һĥţһ̽ȥѸ˲˵̷˹Ҫԣȴųһ˿
ζѪζ
ƺû£ָ㴥һӲóһǰذף
ЦЦĵĳ׹ȻǿҳԱڳˡ
лҪ˵
磺ȥҰС
УױˣȫҶױˡ
Ҫˡ


59 
׿Ӧдһص, ȥķ䣬ʣװȫȡ˳ںԺ԰˸ȥ
ȻڿʱﲻʲôæŷҲǸ, æ˰ʱ, Ͱһлָԭ, ͨ˸
Ǹһ󺹵ػص׿Ӧеķ䣬ײϸ̽ϡ
ԭһ˻, ҪʵģȴչüĹסˣǼòȴֲʧǿӲ׷˰ݡ
֮ǰԺõ˵, ˵ǰѰͯȥӣܿ˼ˣһ۱㿴к, µġ
ǼûٶʣҲûϽֻͣ˵ҪѲסȻûסķ, ֻ˵ס˷ǱҴȥ, ŵ
Żͷһƣ׿Ӧкǵ˳ȥʲôˣ
׿ӦžҼʹ, ϶붯ƣ鱻չü˷ˡ
أᡭ΢΢ü
˵˳ȥ, Ƭ̺ˮ仰, Ӧû£ǸƯĽĸˡ
׿ӦУ
ˣ
ԣһֱҸ磬ǲУøĿڡ
ʧѪ࣬ЩͷΣؿʼ˼롣
ϿæҪʲô
ӦиˣҪšֽƺùĽҩ߹׿Ӧű𶯡
׿ӦΪ洩ĺ£ͷҲǺɫģϸϵ˿ڡ
ôһ˵ϲŷǼͷʪһ飬׿Ӧе·һ¶ɫ£ǴĿĵĴƬѪʱͷһ͡
ôأսȭͷֲչü֪ҵĺѡ
׿Ӧ֪ˣŪؽ͵޹أԼô֪ˣˣ
ûҲżˣôصѪζ˿һءϸϸ˿ΧѪ
׿ӦеͷһۣҲãֻƤˣû˵ͷ
ȴҶ࿴һۣ糤һӣǱͱ˼ȥȻá
׿Ӧд˿ףΪƺ˿ҲˡԼԼȻνֻڡŻʹġ
չüһ㣬Сϸ磬˴Ǹ鷳ˡ
޷ϴۣǶԵ¡
׿ӦдɫףĿﻹ૵Ҳջ񣬲֪ɵǹ߱ˣƵöչüòȥԱ̸ףʱ˳ҵȸ֡ߺǴȸǻǸĳġҲĺûϵֻҪٶչüҵǸҡҲѰ䣡
ĬĬţѾֽذ׿Ӧҩ˿ϸãֵ¹ҳɾϡ
л׿Ӧлۣ
ڣӦչġϧʲôˣҲֻЩˡȻܹƵӦòд󰭣ʮֵ䡣
׿ӦԴ˭˵ģͷ
ϲ֪ʲôɻؿֻǶ˶촽û
Ҳ·ڸ϶ƵأһԵϣûؿͷɥοˡ
ǰοϳǸǲܽЩ´һ顢֪ˣøࡣѭܾȳ㰢˵ܽһͷһ׿Ӧ˽ôôϳģ
δղŵĴǴͷ֪ûУ֮ǰٵû䣬·Ҳһټ½ҡҾͿ
Ǹʱ֪ûС׿Ӧ硣
ʱȷʵûҪ֪£Լû׷飬û׷ڡЦһô׷ϡš͡ᡱǡʵѹ
ˣ£ŵҲһһˣν˷۱չüһͨҪǻָɻƶչüҪй
һ͵ۿ˿ϣԷ˵㬵վӦи磬ҳȥ棬İɡ
̫ࡣ׿Ӧж
źʧıӰûס뿪ˡ
׿Ӧʹüۣαظ֪Ϊá
֪ڷԸеҪָժɫ䵭üһ˿ǣǰġǻȷʵʤһ㺢ͯҲڣʧȥӦе棬˵¶Ŭģ´ˣǡ޿κΡ
֪ʲôݲǡֻ˵Լĸܡʵ̫ճˣܾ״̬ܲ
ô׿Ӧж豭һڣǰȳʱΨһˡʱעϣΪ˾ô࡭
ҲΪΪԼ
ǣֻ˳־Щֻ֪һܣʹܣһͬΪ˱ܵԼǸۣǷ
ϣ̫ˡ
׿ӦüʹУ̫ˡӳֻ֮һ뷨ǻ㣬˺طģʶ߾۲һУжǷֺö֮Ȼޱ񡣡
չüвһΪǷɶ˻ϧãô룿ƲȥչüöԲԲ˵̬ȣ㹻е⡣
Сϸ磬ĿⶼڶչüϣʵΪĴϵΪȴҪװγܲѹ𣿡
Ȼ鰮һ޷ȣֻҪǽĸһϣƿʱһʹ
׿Ӧк룬ǸӷҪƿһ
ӵıȴ˸Ϊֱףܵ˺ҲΪʹֲ࣬ǲȻԽʧ׿ӦеҲɽ廹ϵˡ
ϴۣƬ̣͸뿪չüΪһԣΪͶôΪҪø໥ΪβţƫҪڱ˵֮£
ۣⷬ׿ӦвЩ⣺Сϸ磬֮ǰôû֣㾹֮ˣ
飬ѵôϼسǧ˰ٴˡ
׿Ӧ㶵ؿпȥһĨʹʱΪԼĿԿڲ
Ⱳӣеĳȳȫ˶չüʧȥѧ˷Լģʧãѳʿ׼һ¸ȥȴԲ⡣
鰮ܸˣٶԱ˸ʲôˡ
˽ҲԱѾıܡ
Ǹ˵׿ӦھεӦȥȰԸ㡣
ϣҺã֪ģҲôѪ顣ҰԼסˣҲƾֵİ취ʵҶҲȻȳҲö𣬶֮֮ӣԲߡʵӦҲǰģûжˡ
ϲһˣǣƣԳ֣׿ӦвŸոᣬϳղʮ꣬ƣ޷ͬܣȴ
Ըͬͬľͬѡ޷⣬ٿѡء
Ϻס׿Ӧе󣺡ǡ˳Ǽ£ƺܴܲչôһ
׿Ӧһ㡭
ҲҪѰҲй£ֻǾ֡еҲֻϣѰͯ󡣡
¶ȻҪƺ׿ӦвԴӦ֪Ҳ㽫ǣֻܽʦƽȳ˺ܵƽȲ˵ҶѰǣʱ㡣
룬漴ͷЩ²ǿҲýʲô֤
Ӧи磬硭ŽԾɥһչüˣҪ㡣
׿ӦԱȥţжչü֪Լжأȴֳģɾ衣
Ȼչü֮ò׷˼£Ϻ׿Ӧжһ֪׿ӦУûϼ仰˯Ŷչü뿪ֻ˵нˣ˾ţ˿Ҫ
չüû˺Ҳûм֣˳ӵظˡ
ߺϹһգڴ߿׿ӦУӦи磬˯ɣúҪȻ찢Ҫĵġ
׿ӦȷʵͷǺ˯ӱ֣߬סֺСצܷʲô£Ҫ֪Сϸ硢㰢ңǰģԶᱻκһ¡ʱ뿪㣬ǶǲѣҪúúó󣬵ǻ
˵һ仰ʱѾƣرۣûȵĻشȴоһԼֱϣΡ
ôˣ׿Ӧ۾ǰȦ붺ЦҸжˣ
˭֪һСС˾˸ղ˵ĻҶˡ˵Ҳƾֵİ취ʲô𣿡
¶㽻Լɣԡ׿ӦŲŲĿճĵطһ϶ˣ˯
Ь࣬§׿Ӧеĸ첲һҾס
͸ױȵί˾˵ʲôûã׿ӦҲֻܰοţӵؿһСҲ˯˹ȥ
׿Ӧоãչü׷Źֻæ֮£ʱϾ鷳
Ȼգչüֻǽ˿סˣ뿪٣ԼȴܣҹŻ
׿Ӧв£ֻǣǷҵƺ䣬Ƿ׺϶չüԱ⣬
ɫ԰ףƺûϢã׿Ӧеչüֻҡҡͷʲôû˵
ͻȻճ࣬ȥϣȴ׿ӦУߵĸģ˯Ҫͬ
׿ӦֻСԣ£ҲӦ
³գʯлԴ̽õȸͨƵϰݣ׿Ӧбһ裬˹١
ҹݳǰڷϤѻڣʱ˷ܵس˳ȥѭ׷Ժǽ£ԱһһӰǽݹ
ղԭƫݵһЩ˿ֽԼƼݣӣһ̡
׿ӦнŻ谵¹⿴⸱ӣһ磬ô
޷Ϊ˶ĿҪ¡Ｑ¡һǰոŶչü֪Ա⣬Լټ飬ҪǱǰҺ̸̽ݡڶ£չüӦԱһ
˵˶٣ƺݣ׿Ӧ׷ʵʲô
Ա⡭εָҪȥź
׿Ӧжʱסҧгݣչü˵ðˣ
ҪҪæƹ˲ʹҲ֪չüʱԼҾ㣬͸ףҲزĸԸ㲻öչüǿ羡Ҹ뿪
ףлл磬Ǻ統֮𡣡
ڰ֣֪ҲࡣǼգҲ
ˣ䡭׿ӦпĿС
ȴЩȻڡͱˡ庮һֱûǰǰլӷһ飬ټүմ庮ӳ˻ĳټϴе֪ھǴǲ²⺺ǱǴȥв⼸ǷͷҺڣӦúܿн
ҡ׿Ӧ뷴Ҫϰ棬˳һ
УҪʲôһעⰲȫ㿴ñӻҪҪʲô£ġ
׿Ӧио̣ε⡭Թʵˡ
ﲻԾһ۾ܿⱲӹ˳ĸǹү㡣ү֮˶ˣǺָʹ֪Ūʲôӡ΢΢ü֮űԭİ˳ģ˵⻰ЩףΣǧغԼ㲻ΪҲΪԼ
ãһġ׿ӦеͷԺȥ
תĶӣúܿ죬Ҫˡ
ѹǴҪұ־룬Ҿ֪ʲôʱأ
˵ĸ黹
׿Ӧ뿪ã
ԶһССӰ˳죬һץľɥ
лҪ˵
磺鲻֪һĵͤ
У컬ࡣ


60 ׼
, ⻹Ǽץ֮󣬵һ⺢Ӽ档ʱŵʱʵע⵽ڸֻԷǸСû߾, һ, ڰ꺢֮ͯ, º뱲Ӷᡣ
壬Ҵ, ǸУѴ¹ˮ⣬һСƯֿͰ, üǸƽһҼܱܲӦи磿ֻǡɾȻ͡ûҶǹҪ͵ģ
, ⵹Ҳûʲô֪ġһģ֪֮ľֻ⺢ҲԼ, ղ˵Щȷʵò
üЦлл壡ȥӦи磬б, 㣬һһʧ
˵գܿ˰ʱ, ׿ӦдҴҷء
磬, չü˿ճǰԺԪ¥Ҫ˽¥бիɨ, ؾҪԱ¡׿Ӧе֪﷽㣬һҪԹȥΪ·㣬֪ɣǸ龫ֵĺӣ˵ҪȥҸٵˣݳɶԷӡ
Ӧи磬壡ܹʯлԣﻹ̧һ
׿ӦָָԼ䣬Ǳ㽫̧˽ȥҲ׿Ӧһ˷
һʮۣƽ͸ЩɨĹǵͷ̫ٵ˶죬Ҳô̸ʺݳӡ
׿ӦæױҲžӣܿ㽫۵ģԺѯһ¶Էƽľֹϰߣ֪ű·Ųϵѧѧõ̾
׿Ӧк򳡣ͷţ¡
ô㷿䣿ıӰɻ׿ӦС
׿ӦͬʱЦ
屾Ǹ߳۵˵
ɶͷԣɫãȻִӷűֳһôֻˣ
׿Ӧб͵ҹ֮´˵һ顣ҹϣϰ嵽С𣬴ǿ׻Ϊж㣬ѡ˸Ԫ¥Զ΢С
Ȼδͬʱһ֣ϴζеǸ
ȥ֮²ضᡣﹰֻ񣬡繫ӿ֪¥ǹģ
ϣ
֪˼ģ˷ܵԪ¥һ¥ȫӣǿյģÿ֮˺ܴĿ϶Զڵذ棡
Ϻ׿Ӧһͬɫ죬ͬô֪
Ϊȥʮֵ⣬¬Ҷ׽Բأô˷ԺӶҲң
¬ҶƽչѾߣҲΪѺŪˣŵЩɢ
Ǵܲص£һӣ¡
а취΢΢Ц
ϵͷ׿ӦУൽʱˣǳȥɡһٳ
ؿڣϣ
ţ׿ӦеϵǽչüȥһǺȾƣһ취Ƶ
ΪΣɵ漴ֿЦˣչü޲ð˭üôȥ˺ȾƣڳҲС
ԭԺٸ֮ͣһʹԼ䣬ﶼȥ׿Ӧж˶չüҲǸĶҪײǸԱ⣬Ҳ˵Ҫǲ㣬˵Լ˻ᴫȾĶ񼲣Ͻ㿪
׿ӦоãչüԱӦæ̸£ʱ֣ҲͶЩϳ͡
Ͼµ˲ίڣҪǽ֪չüȻΪһ˽ֻҪĨ˲ӡ
׿Ӧʲô˼Աÿؼ棬ĿԼȻ֪ʲô⡣
չüԼҲ˵Ҫǻøǻ⣬ʮ˿鶪պӡ
׿ӦʾĶչüҪԼԱ⽻ףҲǲŵġ
ǲΪжమԼΪǱ̬Ķռ
׿Ӧздţ˴۵СֹۡסشЩëꡣ
ʲô˺һۡ
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Ҫǵذܺأô񡣡ִֻűȻߴӡ
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۾ʱˣʲôߣ
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Ϊ֣һͷǴԼһƿĺɫֲ̣Ǳƽģһ΢΢͹׶Σһһ㰵ɫƤִ˴Ƥúܽϼѡ
ܱмۣԳƵ߸һÿһĩһԲεС̣˶ôСԼĪһƤк
ʲôõģҲô𣿡
ⲻһƤӹģʵһСȦӶɣоҲƤɵĹӡү˵ЧãƤȥܻסҲ˵ףܺá
үǲҰ常
ţǸرбµˡ
ｫ˵С̿ĶϡԭܰƤΪ˰˵Ķ䣬ֻϧСҲС۲סַֻš
ȿȣŴƤһȻȴ̰С̴Ӷժ
۾ɵԲۣô棡
䣬ƾ˶ԷŴЧֻܻԵãҰܱȵһ˫Զȥսһ˲һʤ㡣
ǳŶÿ˶Լľɵģȴôã˵̾ʣҰľʲô
һĪ㰢¶ô֪
ҰӰõû˵𣿡

Ҫʲô֪Լ޺Ԥ˸ӣ
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ͷ۰Ͱ͵ؿҰûо𣿡
Ȼˣͷǵϴ⻹ܹͯǻڴοڣһ֣֣дıչֵǣһȣΣյ¶Լӭͷϣи˶ķڷ
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ﶼ룬бիǶ¥ܷҲ˳Ҫ͵᲻ܹ¥ɣǲһ۾ܿţ
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֮䣬жϣĿի͵ųȥ
ûƵƣһƬڰҲţ¹͸ֻֽһ
ʱ۾ڰзһعιÿһ䣬ס֧Ŷ䲶׽пɵ嵶Ѿʣ߬
Ȼ˿̣ͷ֮ϣӻûüϵȱ̽ضʱꡣ
ڷѲ˺ü⣬ʱƺŷģ뿪ի
Žһȥƺǻǹһ㣬˿ɶîǶڿܷ϶УֻֻܶԴһ㣬ᷢ졣
ڿ룬бիõЩԶˣ˳ſ񣬿ϧ֮϶ʵ̫Сƶ
ô˿ˣѵشӻͳȻһ£ܹ㽫Ƥһ泯ϣ̧߸첲һĵذײ࣬ÿۡڵذײࡣ
ꡱһһʱ÷𼱴ٵĽŲիֱƿʱ̨ٴ˽
ֱڲͬĿǰǸޱܵġֵƣϰ΢΢̧𣬲֧ţȫ֧ţȫҶһͻ
իʱ̨ϸϸչÿһ䣬¹¶ûзŹûз֣Ȼ̧ͷݶ֮ķ϶֪ʲô
ҡҷʱҲʱʱ˿Աߵӣַһѣָϲ޻ҳƺģϳµգվӡ
Ա֮ǰƣͷϾ˶ĺ飬ͷӷ϶￴һֻȥжϡ
ۡһիűƿб˹ʱʱ磬ǰ߱ݿˣϹǸʲôأ
лҪ˵
˴¥Ǵ¥һľṹС¥
Ԫ¥һȡԪġ¥ ʹ¥ة˭˵Ԫ¥ԡ䡣


61 
Ŷ, ûʲô顣ʱ룬ƺҲԼڽţջ, ̨, ˰ɨһ, ֮¥еķ䶼ϵƣɼ¥ⶢ, ҪǿпɵӰӣͽץˣǧ
ɻô, Լĵ̡
û²˳ܲãñùͷʱ̨, ߳˺ի
׺׿Ӧеıݽβ
ԭչüǲٿڶģԱҪ, Ҳһ𿴡
ɫ䣬˿ûȤ, ֻһ˶žƱʲô¡
׿ӦҲע⵽ˣǷ֮ǰǡ硱ͬλ, ֻϧ⺢ӦһֱڰҲûг֡
ҿ˰, ȷʵҲ겻ʲôһһ轣յĿ, Ƿֱ治ͬλõϰ壬չü֮£ͽȥ
֮ǰιѾѾϱ˵й轣ʣƺŽңʱýѵĽ͵ľУλйӵᣬ黭ĸˡ
ܲ˶ƫз磬Щ˳켣ɫȮ֮أЩݺݺࡢҲǲܾġҶ˵׬ǮӲеһϴݳԶйӵģȥҲôţ
֮Ҳ֮ͣ׿ӦеҡƺһŽҴӺе֮ʱ˶˸߲ҵؽϣŽܳΪԼ֮
ҺϰǰľôõĲͷһЦüۣű㱻С΢С
΢СǽԪ¥һС¥бիիһмֻԼԶ˿ϰѾֱϢȺйӵ
ȻС˸ÿһ˶˵йӻһȸ档
ϲ̵ڸԷţɵŮž澻֣Ϻٶе÷𡪡Ƕɼ÷ɣںƵľƽ֮Уã硢ƢĵϵӰ١
׺ߣչüϯǰһԪ¥ϵбի
ԱҪߣԼת׺ĺţסҪȥϡ
ϺһԱ⣬˵̣¾Ͳˡ
ҽ̸£šԱкʵʣ·Ѿֻ֣ʮ֪繫ӽܷҸһ
ϱ¶񺮣֣лԱ̧٣ϧ½֣޷٣¡
ǿźԱвźԾЦ޷Ҳʲô֮˵ҪҲҸͷӽ繫ӡܶҲǺõġ
׿ӦеĶҪƴǣԱֵæȥζ֮Լˡ
ζһЦתȥ
ıӰͷһ˿
˵г񣬷·ƶһ˽ѵչü
һ̧ۣһֻô̽ס
վסͷڨЦؿ˾ˡ
Ӵģ
¬ҶģҸȡ˸֣а㿴رףһëûУ
ӾٵǰѾŵСϵɧζ϶մȾˣʱƲͷüˣطԡҪ˰Ҳϴɾ
ŶͻȥϴˬӦ
ֶҹ¶࣬ڷﲻҪҲҪȥɧŰУ𣿡
ͷֵ֪ˣҲڷűɡӦи塣
תȥһ䣺ҵܡ
ıӰĿƣǧͷַ·ʲôǰ

΢Сſڣʯл
׿Ӧжױ轣ʱ˺ѵ˿¹ãѰӣŽУһйӡķͷ΢Сȥ
˻ɣϾԱݽı־
ֻ⽣ѾǷ׺ǰѣԼ彣
ſڣ׿ӦеʵΣ
ʯص˵ȫˣ¥ֻˣлԸȥҩӦѾЧˡ
׿Ӧ΢Цͷλñ˿
ոϵʱʵڴɣԼϰǶչüԼҼ档ʱ˿̣չüȫĸȥԪ¥û˻⵽׿Ӧʲô
ʯ˵ġҩʵҲǰƺġҡڶҩﵱеһζ
ƺóһСƿȲЩϽ۶࣬ǧѻʯߵĶС¶ھˮҩЧ󣬶ԷȻʱش𡣡
ô棿׿ӦнӹСƿοƿţʲôζܱ֤Է˵һ滰
ڣСĵ㣬ɢζҲӰ졣ƺһס֣Сؽƿ˻ȥ
׿Ӧмűĵ٩Ӱ첻ôÿԽ⣬һʲô㡣
ƤЦҩֶǸõģ¡ƺԥһ£ҧǰ쵰ռˣ¶Ǵү֮ǰƵģûܹҩѵˣֵסҩԡҩʱڰ״ֻ̬ҪͿ˵滰ԸȥٵåƦ㹻ˡ
뵽ƺ˵⻰һ׻ҪǿڵĹ׿ӦоЦ
ֻҪʳ䣬ϢȥҹգܰǴӾȳ
׿ӦĻϲţɵ¥˵һ䣬ϰ嵱һλ
ϰ壬ԼͰѾƺˣҲȵҡ׿Ӧϰ棬򿪾ƺһʱĻŭš
÷ζɿڣζ˾Ƶζ˺׿˵ǡ¶һζϾ˳÷ζ޷ֱ档
˿̵ϰ糺죬Եɵۣ׿Ӧץйӣ㡭ˡ㡭ÿ
׿ӦУ
ҩÿ˵Ļʲô͸ȥʲô
ýȰϵģ
˵ʮİӣһʲôۼͷ׷ǻЩɵ㣬ǾͻǱԼԼ鷳ˡ
׿ӦиϰڷһġӥץС϶꣬ȷƨ֪һֻ˶˵Ǯ㵱ϣһֵ˺󾱣ŵ¡
ڶУơ
λϰ룬ͦأûжֶŵ˼ԹʲôʲôûʵҲͺ˲١
ǰǿռŮ˸˶ַ£ȥڳԺڿ˱ĹΣ߼ת˿꼣Ǯ׼ٵ
׿Ӧһֱ뵱ȥٸ
ϰ˵˺еںδСɽɽһ޴Ŀߣȥһ°ӡó˴ǽӲǿ꼵ˡӺᴩɽԼӵӯɽͿɽӡӿɽڻպӡ
硢ط꣬˽Ǳ߱ꡰŪľֲ³ڱǴȸң׿ӦҲɸ̾ѹǻ˶ɽϤҲֺǵԻ
ȻƺͶһȥû˵
ֻϧϰ岻ʤԭ֮ʱ˲٣¼ϵ÷𣬸˵ڣһͷԵôҲƲѡ
׿Ӧоȥϰ壬ʲٻġ
ϰʱǸı֮¾ǱҩҲǰѸһ㡣
׿Ӧе⣬ȥ֮شƽ߻̫ʶĻشҲôģɡ
׿ӦҲһشһ˵ƽѧĶ˼ǣ𣿺ûҪĶ
˵ÿĿİͰͣĶҲףҲ㹻Ӫա
ϰװӲĴ׹ٻ˵һ顣
ϰʱһ£ͷߴˣѽƺܿܡŪ
׿Ӧһţ׷ʣ㻹ǵҪĶʲô𣿡
ϰĿɢ̧ͷ˿׿ӦУ˹ߣ㡭㲻ǡұǰ𣿡
׿ӦֻҶˣǴҴ£
ҡ˵˵
ϰűǰ˹ߵ˵˼ʲô
׿Ӧ¶ɻĵǸʲô
ϰü飬õĶͬһ𰸣ҲûҪ˷ʱ䣬ƼְѴ̽ĺڼֽϣУҴ¥
ʯлԾɾְصվ΢Сſڡ׿Ӧгʯʵ׿ӣɷջ񣿡
Ѿڣ˵ɽ°ӡ׿Ӧе粻Σ»鷳λһˡ
лԺЦ·û⣬һҡǰ֮¼Ǻǡ
᲻ᣬһѣԺǱڲŷɡ׿ӦЦЦԪ¥ж𣿡
ʯҡҡͷûУֻԼϣ̸𡣡
׿Ӧ룬ԼҲεȥϢ¥°ͣ˵˰ͻȥɣ˵Ǻȶˡ
ߵ£Ժ᷿ȥ
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ű˻׿ӣ
ιµ׿ӦбתҪ˵ӭһɢŰϸĩ޷ûü㣬Щĩ㾡Ŀڱ֮С
ҩʮǿ׿ӦжʱоͷĿѣűǰһڣ˹ȥ

бի
ذ£ﲻֹͷ󺹣ϵ·ʪ͸ˡ
һʱһŤһǧĳţҲܵģֻǱͨ˸Ͱˡ
չüҲ͵ʦԸ٣ֿѹ˵䣬Ҳֻǿ˵ʲô
ˣһڣľͶˡ˾Ǻ͡ɣ
ԭΪȸƳ飬ǵֲ⣬ҲԼԭ͵ߡ
Ա˵ҴϹϵ˵ҸŪչü洩ˣҲ˵ǴҡײƭԼһƶ
û뵽ģ
Ǵ£ϴҲǸ꼣֪֪
ǿ꼵һױһףǺ͡㶫
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ǰ̺͡٣żȻ˵䣬Ҳǿˮĳ滰඼ǶչüԱ˵޷ϵǮһ׬֮Ĺû֮ʡ
չüҲΪ˰ߣҪԼ꼣Իﻰ⣬Լһ档
˼͡ĬƬ̣¶ܣİɡ
ΪΣһչüͲˬ˿ŭȴŲҷ̣ЦſܰͷǶ˲Ǳ˴˻ԼҷֶϽ֮ڣ˵ӦŰݷãⱾҲΪ˵͵ͷ¶棬ڶ𾴣ҲûԴš˫Ҫˣѵܼһ棿
ֻǺ͡һЦκҴ磬ζûࡣôҪ¶
չü˸ţſڽࣺ⡭
˵Ҫ⣬ֲ˵Ҫʲô£ȴȫҴ⡣͡ЦһԼ𣿡
˴˿ΧһԵԱ״ϽԲæǧŭζ˫ܳںݻһ棬ûв˼
͡ȸûгڶһ˵һγˣһεĻᣬһγ˲ӣԶûҲκһгõĹϵҪͻҸ߸·ȨʶҪܹԱĶݣ֮ԼҲġ
⻰öչüһһףپҲп಻
֪ˣӦøҪĵʲôҲø̸ÿʼ£߱տڲᣬֻ˵ȼ˴ȸƶˣ̸
һ´ݾߣԼ˿ӣȸתָ߼
ȼ꼣º⣬м˵󣬶ȸضлԴȻԷ̸һȶĺϵ֮鷳
ɿԸߣҲܸȶ
򻨴йƬҶմܾǴȸ⾭˺󲻹ĸһҳ⣬ӡϡ
Ժ͡չüεĪҾǸм˵ϵģҪ˿ſ˵Ҫʲô
͡󣬶ʱɻۣ֣ĪıҴ磿
ǲǣԲǣԱæҲ֪ϱλ
ˣ͡üһɫѿ
û㿴ǶСطʺȱǵزĵĴҲ˳¡ֻϧ϶ƷƣǲѣŵѰһᡣŴαܾʵţҵζġζĲųæҲҪȥԱЦҪҲ뻯˫ᣬҺƣգ
ƨҴװ׷񶨵£ǵǰ˵ⲻǳΪң͡ȻŭҺҴĹϵ
ڵţһЦṆ̀ʲô˵ʲôʹģǵõϸ߼ǺöԱⷬ˵ǣŪ˭
ţ䲻Ǻիźرײ˳µؽ
죬Ŵϡ
ģû뵽йӿݣͦģ
ϻɻ
ʱɫһݣʲô˼бϹˣҪʲô
лҪ˵
׿ӦиϰµҩɲοҲǶݹм
ƺ³꼵ǡᡱǲ֪ǰ嵱УҲǳ顣ָ·ʮ¡
׿ӦУųȫҶ
ߣdeiµúܶԣǲҪм׬ۡ
--
ףʮԪڿѽ


62 
ﲻ, ժһͲֳһעźիĶ
бի̸ڼ
չüûô˵, Ա⸺˵ϣ, ǶˡҪ, 㲦߸˼һ棬̸һ̸, ΣǾǴֻΪ۴ȸʲôǲ˵ģĵز˵ǲǣ
º͡ҲĬˡ
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͡ĬչüȴõؿԱһ, ĵ˿ɱҵĺ£
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һ, ˶չü¶ܽ꼲, Ҳ
¥ºիѹɤһֱûͣ졣
죬ˣ·ϡ
ⲻ繫ӵۣŪģ
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˯֮ôˣԱһŤͷϱŵľƺ߹ȥ򿪸ţ֪ǼˡϡģЦЦźԼһڣűȲҪԷȥһֵǧţ
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63 Ͼ
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˫Ҫ˿һõļ֮ʱ, ֻúͻȻ, ǰ޴ڰϮ, ʱ˸۾Ҫǰԡ
һֻ־סķ٣һذһ, 漴ֶݺһţޣʲô
ʵԱ˺üĭת׿Ӧеļ¶ţϽں, Ὣת
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˴ΪŪװ, жûҴЩܻõһЩҩ˿ó
, ׿Ӧл۾˺һſ硭
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նε᲻繫, ŪסӦɢڴͷʲôо, ȳԿŰٽⵤõÿ㡣
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ҹԺ󻹸ҲҺ˵գԱⷭ˸ôڹһſڵϡ
׿Ӧм״ЦЦһܵġ
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ӹֽĵؿһۣҪ߰ɣҲġ
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չüһϲֵǿ̫ˣԼ˸
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ˡһֱöá
ҰġһӰȥ㰮ģһִ
չü±ӣǲҪˡ


64 
ƺʱ, ԼԼƤࡣ
ȻﲻжҲȫûջ⼸Ҳһֱ˹ܶжʱ, Լĸʱ, ңң
΢ԼĻþ, Ŵγ֣ҪԼˡ֮ǰ˽, ȸҹ￪ţУƺܶ϶, Լһǡ
ڳһڲиҾҹ԰ڲֵ֮, Ӧòո֮߳
ƺ⼸Լͷ䲻˵, Ų鸡, ҹϡƽڼҹӳȥ¡
ո͵, ŲӯϢ, ǸӣҲ֪ôȸ, ѲĳڴµĶӣ
ΪŶӣ߲֪ҪĶ
ǿ꼹õȸڵ̷˽½ףҲò˶ʱա
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һæŴ̽ϢæƣԼȴֻܸʲôˡ
˿ļȥ߷ߵһȭϣ䡱һ죬ûԼ˸ͷζ
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׳ʲôӣǿ꼾ͲԼ
Խڴ˼ԽײȣˮĸоҧģѰ
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ˣ
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ƺһ߬סСۣ˹ȥһš
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ſң໴Уôе˻ۣ
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һǺ˼ˮȻ谭ƷƺҲιȥæϡ
Һⳡ򶷷ˮ£ûֳ죬ƺС̽ͷǱ߿˿עߣ˿
ϴʪ͸ˣϣƺϽϸףȷʵ
ƺһԲƺǴǸӲŵСˡ
ƺΣıİֵܣҲһĪ˰ɡ
Ҳժһߣ˼磬ǻأû뵽㾹ˣ
ǿλ֡ƺǼһЦѾ䵽ⲽأͱνֿˡ˵˵˭˭ģҾʹһܡ
šͷȥһബ壬ȫ
Ȼң˵һߵģⷸʲôšأ
Էǲ죬һ翹׵ģƺЦһҲû׷ʣתͷ飺㲻ôˣû°ɣ
ıЩ㷲򵥵ذѽշ¸ƺ˵һ顣
⼸գ硢庮ӣȴֻܸٵɿڣǰ˻ȥҲûû취ҵеĳڡǡغڴ䣬ŷͷʯ
ںϿţҹﵽȻǣҹҰڽ̵֮ſʼ
Ϊ˲ƺģȥ׿ӦбɢЩԱⶾһ£ֻϵ
ҹºлԴ֪ȥδź˸СջһϣһŸʯɽŻϡ
һﵹûȥҴǰ߷Ķչü£ô͡չüߵںδ棬Ա㶢ҡ༸˵֪ϳ£ʮϧ
ƺԱˣἰߵ֣Լ͡Ӧչü֮£вκηӦĵǴε̫ã治֪ԼӸ֮й
޲ԹԵ޵ø˶ƵģôҲ˵޵ιȥüΣۡ繫ôõˣҪǾôȥˣǿϧ
ֳֻһ٣̫Σˡƺû뵽ôԽԽģûչüŹٺãҲвչüô¡һʵеֻǡɢ¸߶չü˵Űϴ
ͷǰǾŽҲþžȥи磡
үô˵ҩģܽôƺʵ
ߣˣҾһƣүƽ̱ҲͰˣ޵ôңܺú˵Źײ˵ûˡһûȥҺ÷һۣ˵ü˲֪ҲҲûãǴҶ֪˳ûˡ밡һ׾ͼЧҩۣһƿھˣҲûʲôҩҲû³⻹׶༪𣿣
лֱ˵ڲһ£ûκκôνϣöԷܶ˺ҲеֻǺ˽ôֱ׵˵
Ǽأ
ֵ̫ݣ˵ʲôҪ٣ɽŵţҸүʯлԽͷͷжذңɽڴҡ
ڽǵطû˰أ
ǲʲôˡ
⻰һ֮ͻȻЦʵ̫ˣ
ƺ˻
ڷԲʮаڰأֱӸպӣǸĶɿš˼ҪȻΪƾʲôܽصù֣ҪΪ˶ɣʹӳȥˡ
ƺüһ˵ǵһѾˣ
ڴϣ̧ͷ
ƺ鲻Լ̧ͬͷֻɽڹ֣׼ֻ
лҪ˵
Ϸɡ֮ε۵ӰǲõǱԭҹŴѾ¼Ǳԭ÷


65 թ
ˣôһ㶯ûУ
ƺĵ, ǡᡱѵˣҶû졣
һͷදһȥֱߵĵֻͨһ, ͷʱ, ֮ˮȥˡ
֪, ƺҲ׷Ϊһ, ԭ๭ִ˿̷׷׷ż£ۡС˴⬡
ƺӵ, ҲЩ˷żĿΪ֪ʵǲ˵ԼҲ
飬, ڻ㣡ƺǰдֻ׷Ѹٺˡ
һͷڴβ, Ѵ÷ɿ졣
ɽ֮ϣּ˾֪־, һꡣ
ƺվڴϣѵӳһɫĹ⣬֮, ܼʸвԼȴЩм, ͷұѡ
鵣ĺ磬ô
û, ˵Ƥ컮ƺ˿ұϲˣΪ⣬̧ͷɽϵĹ֣ΪֻҪǻ˾û׷û뵽⼸˾Ƶģųٸǽ׷ᣡ
Ҳƣզࣺʲôͷôôǵķ񡣡
ҲˣᡯʵǺܾ֮ǰһ֧ȷ氵ɱӣ̫زȡġǡšڶ뷨ѡƺ׷죬õôߣٿΨһƾǲɱ֡
Ѿˣź£ҪҪǴɡͺˣ˭֪ﾹй֣
Сֻ֧׷ĴȦվˣ˰֧Ȼǿ˼
ƺƣҲ֪˴εҹѣһ٣ɸıӦԲԣ飬ӲӲȻǴӽھͱϣҲһ˳׼ãӲġ
־𣿡ͷ׷Ĵĵؼ
ʯлս㣬үǿҲѾץˡ˵ܴǰⲦˣ˳ӳɽ𣿡ƺĿȺӡʱ׼ֵǵļ꣬ȼͶͼƣǲҪǵ
ȫû޺޵̫ˣ
ƺҲʵƣ˭˵ءƾУԼǳ˲ϤεĿ
ǰοսթôࡣҲȫû绹ͷҲ߾裬Ǿþóȥһߡ
ͷ⵹Ҳǡ
ƺ濴飺ǰ˵ͷҪƲˣǧסұȥи磬߲һϿǣԹԵ²ʵ
Ҳ飬ⷬͣºӹӦΪԼ¡Ӵ˿ʼǾͻˣҪǣƺһ䶼ö˵˫Ρ
ͻȻԥ֪׸òð׿Ӧɢ¶ƺһ룬綼Ҫȥиˣ˵²ﲻʲôæúżҲ˵ˡ
ͷף
ƺļ򣬽ڵѡһҴⱾƤƳɣֻϷǿ顰Ӱƣ۵ֻһǳӯ
֮վżѾ׷ǰ󴬣۵һ˵Цشӻͳ鲼˼Σֵܣл˵
̧ͷЦǸûƤûģﲻɷ˸ۣĵթҲôİɣûۿ˶
Ƭ̺󣬴֮˽ѹƺذߡпһƤӣȻûġ֮㽫˫ַ󣬴Ҵϡ
ɿǱ߿ƺڴǣΪ׵ĺӣֵܣһôǣ
ǺûصһۣȻǴϰȥϱ߶ᣡǵ󣬾Ȼ˽Ǳȸĵ̣ǣһʵȻЩƤ֮࣡
ԣؿƺһۡ
ƺس΢΢һͷ룬̫ˣ֪ǵݣ֮¶ԷҲֻץѰߡ
˭ôѽֻЩǮƵ˲ܽǲͨһ·ƺһ޿κ̾Ϣ״һߴϵˡ
뷽ɽϹŵЩӡֲͬ⼸ΡʼֻѰԺˮƽ
˵ҲԣᡱѵȻޣȻعٸ۸ı͵òʧˡЩһڰϣƽﲻͷ¶档
Ȼˣһ¸ˡ
ǺƺĻһ㵽׶ʲôкУùͲ˵ˣ۸񰺹˷ѱˮļۻҪߣٸõҪġǮƵ˶Լ·ӽƽͷϹʲô֣
ƺ
ʲôȸѺиôɭϣΪ˱ͨˣ
Ҳ֪Ķù⣬ֱ׳
ͷ״һֱĴ
⴬˸ɿڣӱʹ˽ƺһСɺӺһ˿أһ˻˫СλƼǰС
ˮȺͷķλ⴬ӦѾպӣԼҪ½·ȥ
պ֮ԵΪǰ⡰Բľ󣬻ֺ׳һˮ̫Ⱦ죬ǰʫ䡰һˮУ뽭ɪɪ뽭족һСڽϣͬڻС
ֻƺͣû뵽һڣȻһʱ䣬ɰżҲ֪ڰôˡ
ǶչüҪŹ뺫͡棬ǲǻûüĥ
ϣԼϵʱְѾˣ˸գҲһ
뵽Ҫȥ׿ӦУƺɵ飺Ǯ𣿡
һŤŤͭ塣

ұûǮֻһӣûûίҪǮʲô
ƺܵһûԷûš
ͭ廹ձģ޺޵ôţôҾϳһ٣Ҳе
˽õص˹ֹʲôأ
鲻ˬҶˣ֪һܷܲ
٣Сӣ˻ųԷӳЦ
һžͶô
Сӣ컹ͦӲӼ黹ǸӣҲûһʶԱ˵ϰ֮ͷԡ
úӲע⣬Ťƺƺȥ˺һҵͭ塣
СˮƯһƺѾԼϴĶ㸽ߣˣǺ˵Ƕһֱҵĳţ˵ȸڹѽ˸ǡ
ɴۣߣ
ˮǲ׷ƺ˵ŻѾϵקѣÿص˲ע⣬һˮɿȥ
ֱϢľͳ֣ͷû׷ŷĴ󵨵ؼǰΡ
СϣӱѾˮû뵽ƺεô죬һˮûŶԷӰӣ㬵ػ˴ϡ
Ҫƺ̵Ļѧһ飬Ǻӵʱˡ
Աʣô죿
Ųŵĺû˵ҽ¶֪˲࣬Ƭ̣ڹһ͵Ƕȥ
ƺˮشͷϰһˮģ·˼˱ᣬӿŲϡ
˿ѾƳϣǡڣϱƽ࣬ΧС̯ڶȥҲûҪĶ
ŲĴѰʲôЩ꣬׿һڵС̯˹ȥ
ô
ǮһڻʣŸСӳԡЦǺǵ
ƺͭ壬Ͱ͵ܲһԭӦӴӻȥûһЩ¡ֻʣǮ
￴ÿ˿һʪ͸е£֮ģе᲻ãԥӡԼ𣿡
㣬᲻鷳ƺЦЦֻҪһһС
УɣСӳһҲЦǺǵֽӵݸǮҾͲҪˣףСڶڣúϡ
ллףˣǮһգҪȻӸòˣƺ˸߲ҵؽӹӣ̯ͭϣתһˡ
һǶ˸ᣬ˸СֽӷŽȥŷĵһݶٿ
ܵٸĽֵƺòԾͣס˽Ų
ԭһֶַǳַչڣӦղžֵһֲŶԣǴ˿ȥǱߺѹѹģ޶ƽԶ˿϶ûС
ƺվһ¥ݶʲôڽֱ˸СǱôˣû𣿡
Сḻǵһɷнµ㻹֪ϰͻȻüȥˣζҪͣ죬Ȼܿţ⣡
ϰôȥ
˭֪ϳ£ζѳжˣҶ˵ûþȣҪ˵ζҲǸ֮ˣϰʬһҹߣ˶ˡ
ƺ뵽չüϵΪЦ飿ߣ
˼£ֵָժ翪ţҶʶ㣬ƽСƺϺзģػһ䣬̬ҲԱȷŲ࣬ôȰñȥ·߰ɡ
ΪΣҰɥ£˴ǰˣ
˵ζʹȣ䣬Сĺ͹ﶼóšǰŵĽֵҲˣͨС˭ҪǶߣϰ徻ضᱻץһ١Сҡͷղ˰˴򣬴ڵɱȥһ
ƺôԵٸܣ
Сбۿİɣø͡ˣ㰮
ƺæ֣лСҸ档
Сֳ뿪һһ̾һžۣ˼Ӵ~
ƺٵķɫʱ
չü˱ʹп׶༪ˡ
Ҳ಻סѸٸȥ
ȻС˵ǽ£ÿɱһټԺǽصʮܣ¶չüѽԼеֶ˹
ƺݾߣȽȥ̽һ̽飬Ƶ׿ӦϾסСԺԺǽ⣬˼ʯͷע⣬ҹɫڣǴǽͷ
ֻû뵽ǽǽ»վˣ̧ͷϿ˸۶ۡ
ǾԲߣһӦȻƺӦʱ䣬ɴ佫߻Σ˳һ˵ĵԺȥ
ԺƻδȼѹѹһƬƸǶѹ֡ƺϸ鿴ΧĻһһľûаָı䣬ȴžͬҰݷأǰƽܰģྶͥ
ÿһۣƺľսһֱ֣׿Ӧеķ䣬ڵϹûˣСƿţȥһʲô
ڱ߰㣬еþȫ˵ϣιҲȫúõĽһķ䣬˿̷·̨һ㣬Ѿò
ƺֱ֪׿ӦĶԴĥŸôѰˡ
ʱһ쵽˵ĽŲ˴Ҳٶ㡪ӦòǷӦٶۣǶչüԤϵš
⼸ھ֣չüҲӦͲ³ݣ׿ӦУһΪйߣȻΪϹ
Ȼһ̱˽ſΧסǲ¹⵲ȥ˴롣Ϊ׵վƺǰЦֶ԰ɣȵˡ
ƺ۴ŶԷϳӦǶչüһĸϴʱڶչüߡ
㲻죬ûҪֵܡһȵǰ˲ˣ
ĪʱΪ˶ʱһӣ˸ƣҲ̡һ·й룬
ƺؿʱһۣȥͷתš
ʱ±˺šûɣԼ˶ڣֻһˣȻΪ塣
˵Ƿһս֮ûˣ
ձضðѰоȳϡչüӦò壬ǱԲֻ´˾ˡ
лҪ˵
һˮУ뽭ɪɪ뽭족԰׾סĺҶ֪


66 ĥ
һ, һխƵĲУӳϵһʹƺߡ
ڵһѲܻӳڶչüϣ׹յøӿɲ
һذ, ·Ѫ, ˿۵ͷ, ŴŴӵһϣ̷ӡ
û뵽㾹Ȼͭչüź, δ³Ẓ֮́ϸƤģͷҲӲ
Ŷ, ϹɭЦ⣬ԷûаֻӦԳصЦһʵ˵˵Ҳûʲôν㷿ѳǻ˯ūұ֪, ҵĻѾóȥˡԭŲ֪ôԸ꼺͹ߣ⵹ǸṩµĻᡣ
յ죬˫ֱ˩ס, ɢңס, ˿ú䤱ʪ͸ŷѪ۵Ƥ⡣
ûдЬ, ϸ˫Ŵ˿̲˺ۣվպĻ֮̿, ˫΢΢Ŷ
˿ͷŶչü˵, ̣ȴڿԼĺ¶һ˿ҡ
ű޹ڣ˽֮ºǾల£ǵصҹҵĶľšչüٿϵЦ⣬üĿ価˭֪ƫŹңΨһ䰮϶ҪߣȻҲɳʹʧζ
һϵľƺοţ㣡׿ӣôõĻʲʣϺõվƣһڣȥãѪ˵ɼ⸱ģ᲻ϲ㣿
ɡ֣̿Ѫȴ΢΢һĨЦ⡣
ǲײĲᰡٳЩģ
չüҪǰȥԱŽߵ˵˼䣬϶ʱŤЦݣõɣһԾԧɡ

ƺʱٵãҲһб׭ۼţֻдԱ͹ʱŻῪš
ʱĴŰײѾóõģĲص̨ܣ֧ȫȼӳõƻԻ͡
ǰͣһľ餣׸ûиϣ棬ɫƽͣЩ΢Σƺֻǳ˯šһǳһ˾޴ᦡĳ󿪣紵˽ᦴζⳡ˵Ĺ
ƺʶã֪ƢЩ֣鵥Ҳϣʵд³
˾в꣬Ͼòֵ
ƺ˱׭һȦͷʱ꣬ҵأ
ĪţйӺܿʱ껰䣬ſڴ죬Цⲻˡ
ƺȱܣһʱͻؽΧˢˢĲϡ
ʱϾӻ԰ɡ
ƺ˲ֹסŲ۾ŲţûôŹỬһ¡
ȴģǶչüϿŵһֵ뻬ڵϣĦ㡱ֱ˱䡣
չüƺسڵüݣһ£Ȼһ˲ţҲ׿ӶһƬ
˵գͷ˲һۣʹקһȵ
ͷǣһĵӰһɲƺΪԼۻˡ
׿ӦֻºͿӣӳãմѪϣ¶޴˿ڡԭͦˣҲΪ˶΢΢ţһظ֦ΡΡվǣ·һͻᵹ¡
ɢĳϡ¶һֻۣǿɰèۣ˿һ˲ȥȴŬسƺ۾Цˡ
׿Ӧͻǰһ̽ͷײײ˼ɢ¶һŲ԰׵Сűͷסһֻ׵üȻƺǣ޳Ĳϣ˿һһƿʵ
Ӳڵ׿ӦдϸĲ˩ÿһ£ǲ·ҪƵģǰһ֡
׿ӦпƺŬۣһ״鶯촽硭ҡû¡
۵ܣ˿ڸĵۣÿһڶϣѵһûУ仰͵Լ
ƺˡ
ֲɿƵضۿᣬĿڴǱˣһҺӿϺͷȫζŭУ
׭տ˻̻žþòɢЩѵƺϵˣȫʲôֻ֪ԼûüӦͱƷˡ
ƺ˫۳죬һͷŭʨӣ֮󣬻ŵչüȥʱ״鵶ǰȴԷеŭһ˲
һ˲ƺĵѾ˹ȫûйе˼ΨһĿľսپÿжɱУŶȥ
ϴӭս֮ʱֲʱ̣ԷսɱⶼֿȴֲҰֻ֣ܿ
һ̣ζٴδչüƺСô
ƺһŽʱ߳ԶתŶչüĿѣһһš
չüٴһ׿ӦбǰһͻȻһѪŻ˳ǺȸͣȵƺԼĺüǱ˶סʺ
߬ŵȭͷ֨죺С
硭׿Ӧؿڣ桭û£Сġ
ղűƷһصЩٴΧ˹һŵȴû˸ҳ˭ܿóƺƴˣԼˣ˭ȳͷ˭
ƺûһۣˮֽçǴͷԷɵĵɣסչüС
ɶԷȷʵץסߣ˿ƺȴöһ¶չüһὫ׿ӦϸĲӳϣ
չüļɵ޿֣ץ׿Ӧеļ򣬶Ҽǻûϵ˿ںݺȥ
׿Ӧ۵ѾðǣҪվסˣȴݵҧһԡ
֪չüҪԼĥƺ㲻ٱֳӣǸӻĲ֡
㻹֪ɣСΪ˾ֵˡչüЦţѪ׿Ӧе͸˳ôĿģǳţοͽʲôܣ
ǡ׿Ӧǰڣѿڣ𡭡ҡ
ƺſڣһʱ侹ûܷĬע׿ӦУ⡣
׿Ӧж˫ۣƺʲô
Ƭ̺ƺŶչüſңôĥҶС繫ӵͷϣûϵ
Ĵ˵ĴᵽϣչüȻŭǲɣͲô£Ǻ
شΪʲôƫƫҪǸǺͶ˵ĳԹ޹ϵΪʲô϶ˣȴţҪѪծѪ
ãҳƺƽҪʲô
׿Ӧؿһֱҡͷ૵𡭡磬𡭡
ŭͱᣬҪؿڳűƺһסܿ׿Ӧе۾Ŷչüô˵ɣ
չü˼ؿ㵽϶ǰȥһٸͷ
׿Ӧд󺰣ȥ
˭֪һչüֳһѰ˻ȥ
ƺľۣ𶯣û£Ϊߵͷ費ң
ߵϹ餸ǰ֣¹̨ϣһ¿ͷžĴֻˡ죬ֻʮĶͷѾѪ
׿Ӧоر۾ش۽ǻ䡣
ôۣûһᣬǼ˱衣
ƺֱӣǹ餣֣ĳշ⺦³ڴ֮԰ϢתͶں˼ңһ˾ٰüĪĹ֮ͽ׷һǻ顭
סڣչü뵽ǰ˵Ǿ䡰±ҲҪ⻰ʱŭգһɺԣ϶ӳ˵˭ĹΣ˵˭׷飿
ƺȫͷѪü£Щסۣ˵֣һУ£¶лᦣɣٲϾ
׿ӦԶԶ̲ס˹ǡ
ϲǸˣʲô趼ݻٲ˵ļǿ־ĺһǽһ˳һ죬ֻǿţ˻裬
˹ˣչü߳ŭȵƺұ죡
עƺ֮ʱûϵߵͻȻˡ
׿Ӧþȫ͵һԱǽڽͬʱӰжǣԼһȦȦ˶չüĲӣ
֧ˤۡصڵذϣŸ߶Ȼսյöչüʱɫͷ࣬Щ˰ۡ
ƺ׿Ӧ˳ˤһӣ۵Ըӣ絽ԣڻС
ʱչüȻĵӣ
׿Ӧȴ֮֮޶һв
ͶıʱˣһΧ̨֮£粽ǰļٵؿŶչü
չüû뵽׿ӦпһҹһĴݲУȻ˷ԼһŲ̽䣬ʵ̣
͵͵ЦЦԽԽ󣬷·ǿЦЦЦЦţƺ͵һЦȻֹ
ޣڶչüϲ˼Ȧ˿׿ӦаüƺƵһ˹ȥظˣ
סչü˫磬ǡɴж˶Էؽڡ
չü۵죬ȴô£ҪɱҪϤ㣡
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ƺ׿ӦǽߣǽţչüƵر˹ȥ
ʱ꼱̨ⲽʱʱ߼ôܰѶչüȳȥ
׿Ӧл˿ƺ磬ɱʲôȦףҪߺͿ꼵һ򾡡
ƺ׿ӦǰӴϸţڵģЪ˵ҿô򿪡
׿Ӧпǽϣ߲͢Ź㡭
Ҳÿȥʦòʲô
׿ӦвһƿڴһǣһСֵָȦӣΪĵطҪ򿪣Ӵ֡
׿ӦеĲ̫ƺҶҲûйߣָֻȦ
Ȧָ󣬼ֱͽһȴʹƺּܿһͷ󺹣ŭôϵģ
ȻǳȦյʱ򴩹ȥûǯչüڵϣЦ㶼֪ҵʱСģϾ׿òˣǿϧ
뵽պ׿Ӧеƺһ£ֳ˼֣Ѷչüյǳɫһ˹ȥ
ʱ󾪣ӣ
ƺŭĿԲ;ܹ
⻰ʱ㷲ͣסţ˼
ûµĺ磬ûô¡׿ӦŬ۾㿴ҡȿȡڲúõô
ƺͷȦ׿ӦвԵԼ˿һҵģ⼷Цȴۿ
޴йķŭƺȦҧݿ죬ָףꡱһȦˡ
ѴǵǰȦȡСȥ׿ӦвϵҪۣ͸ҡ
׿Ӧп۵ӣš
ϵ׿Ӧеİ۵ĲĥƤ°ϸѪƺֽòᣬŽȡ޺޵չüšۡһңѸιȥ˸ˡ
ƺȥ׿ӦеĲȴ̫˻ȥұ
ûôߣһѡ׿Ӧסָ⣬۵ִ࣬ļ
һ¡ƺ׿ӦеĽŵ׽һƬȫˣ֪ܹʲôԼѥҪϡ
׿Ӧƾܵãôˣ˵ѥӴ󡭡
ϡƺְѥϣ㲻ۣۡ
׿ӦĵһƬûִԹԴѥӣȻһԶչü嵶ϡ
ƺʱһµѥӹϣһ׿Ӧеһ˩ڶչüϵߣ
չü˫Ѿʧȥƽ⣬ǣľżһ㱻ţվסҪ̨ףּƺͣ˽š
ƺʱ꣺Ǽ繫Ӱѹ׸ǸǺã̧Ź׸ҡ
Уչü϶У׿ӦУ϶ֵһĴİ𣿣
˺硣׿ӦдƺչüᶯСϸ磬ҵǣٻ
ƺͷС
ؿʱˣ·
ƺ׿Ӧ̨ףʱ˵һࡣ
չüƺûִҪϣҲһŲӸϣĶʱʹ˸ɫ
ʱ⣬һͷ
ƺȻҪ͵Ϯ߬Ŷչü׿Ӧһ˶һߣʱ˶Żȥ
ſڻиչüµţƺҪԼδʤ㡣
׿ӦжߵУţб䣬һҪܣܳȥ˵
Ϊ׿Ӧֻû뵽Էͷá
ƺģҲߵſڣžѹֵ˶㣬ʱ׿Ӧǲ˶ˣ
̧׿ӦƺʶһֽչüסһҪ׿Ӧ˭֪׿Ӧı۰˫̧ȥ񵲡
ʱƺעǣƣƺΪסʱһ
Ա߶չüյֱۣȴϣ
¼״ĬΧƺ
ƺûֻӦضܣȴЩСආһߵõɡ
һߴһߺУߣ
׿Ӧǿ֮ĩֻ˫յסˣͷȺǸΧ˴һŵӰӿޱ⡣
ɵϣôߣ
չüƺյ˵ŤȴŹЦǸģ
ˣЩ¸Ƕƺ֮ͣҪܾȳϴͷһ
ƺ˿̾ãԼմһ飬˦߳ȥ˸ϡ
һ˳һ๥ˣ۽ȴƳһӳĹ۾ǰͻȻһƬףɵͫ
ˡ
ûƺĿָһȵͻȻ࣬һƺߣѪԼϡ
У


67 
ƺʶס׹ȥ, ȴоʪѪҺʱھ٣˶ʼ
˦߬һŽһϢĶչü˳ȥ, ׿Ӧ߬ŵĵ, ȥ
С֪˭ոһ, ׿ӦбΨһǰɱ, ȴûʱսУӦһ
硭૵, Ǹ
ƺٿغˣ§׿ӦУһյˣſڳȥ
չüʱְ˽ŵؽס, ϡﻩ˲ϵ˺üŴ𡭡Źǣ
ʱʹ˸ɫ, ǰ˸޼ɵؾٵȥǾͲǰ˻ﱧŸ, ֶܼá
ƺûĿս׿ӦУԼҲӭ, Ѿˣ˿ڶ, ͣǰǻ, Ŀ۵ģƺҲ⣬Լǰı֮Ҳд򶷵
׿ӦƺȫιȥˣԭֶشƺҪǲ§һ׼ᱻˤϡ
У˯ң㿴ңƺ˲ƫͷֻһ߿һ߲ͣ˵ͬʱߣôţҪµıҶҪãԺٲҳ
Ҳ֪ǲǴƺȻã࣬ſԭѹѹؼˣ˿ȴˡ
ţһӸգƺһ
飿
ղǴ
磡и磡Ӱڱ׭ſڣľȻڣ
˱ŵЦر᣺ϻСΪ˸㱨ͱһ˻ûȻǣ治֪ǲϱǷġ
ϻ˵Ͽ춯֣ƺͷõָָչüʱ꣬Ǵã
鿴׿ӦеĲ״ѾŭգƺڣѾ˹ȥ
س鵶ʣսȺʱ꣬һЦ°ּܽˣ
ƺۡµᱧ׿ӦУ첽ߵһ齣㽫£˺ˣ˿һƬѪģƽɣֻӡ
УѡƺԼ۽£׿Ӧϣ֣ǰһƬʣԮˣûˣۿҡ
֪ô£Խ׿Ӧеݣƴ۾Ҳûá
Ȼ䣬һָֻգ㡭ôˣ
ƺŵһȻˣͷ׿Ӧǰҵغţ
׿Ӧͷ˿ҸոաЪһЪġ
ããҲġƺ̧ͷһجĻŵò֪Ǻá
ûеƣӳһĨ¹⣬յ׿ӦеԽ԰ףһֻ۾ﲨԡ
ƺǰҷĶͷͷû˵УǸˡ
׿ӦŬ˹ǣûʱ͡Ͳ
⻰ƺòסӿ˳ⱲʲôΨζȫ׿Ӧһ˶˷øʹ
Ž⿪۽СͳѾ˵ӣЦţȴӿ˳˵㻰ҴӣҪҪϧûü
ûϵƭģ첻㲻
ƺʧЦС꣡ģֻҪӦģҾʳԡ
׿Ӧмһ˿Цݣƫͷӣʲôڶ𡭡̵ģ
ģ춹档
׿Ӧлգգۣϲ̵ġ
ƺ
׿ӦãȻӣۡһЦ˳ӡΪж
ƺʻЦݣĿƺһ籩ڹʣ޼ǣǰҴ
ŶΪΣ׿Ӧǧĳеڴ
Ϊ
ƺĿ׿ӦǱ˺ϣھκ˰ͷش˹Щûѹ
ΪԼŪģ
СܣҲܡ
ΪҴѽƺҧҧӣҿԷ۾
׿ӦжģĿһ˿ʧ䣬Ƭ̺һŶ
ƺ쵽ĿѾƿĻҵ̧ȥűܴݲеСʲô鶼ûУԽġ
Ŷʲô˼ˣ
漴ɵ㣬˼ܲô
ƺԼĴڨڨ֪үû
׿Ӧаѳŵװ˻԰дҩ䡣׿ӦϵˣļҪȥ԰ҩڳȴִ粽뿪һʱΪѣѰ
׿ӦȴͻȻҶˡ
ӣ
ƺֶòǸѹΡŴǰӰֻʣһСƬҶʢţָ£͵׿Ӧдߣһֻסĺ󾱡
׿ӦоһͷĴƺƣҧһӡ
һ¾㹻ƺ£Ҳ֪⻹⣬׿Ӧҧ֮󣬻ģ˻ȥ
һӯͬһƬë޵ӹƺȻʱˣ˼˼ؿ׿ӦһֲۣСƳ촽ʱ̽ķɫ⣬ĻŵƿۣĵҵĴɣ˶˳ˣ˵ϡһǴ
׿ӦֻһСھͲˣʵ׽ʣ¶٣Ҳоֻǲƺһղųһڡ
˰ȥǰݵ˵ԲˡҲ˰ɡĻ
˵ʲôҾԼҲ㡣ƺӣȷʵҲʺϳⲻĶǼڱԵʣµĴӣһһߵһͣˣҽԡ
׿Ӧп̻ʵӲɵЦЦ˷Լ̹ģЩ챻ҲûųʲôķͶˡ
ߴ£磿磿ģ
⣡ƺŤͷ⺰
ܽһ˶ڣʱ˿˶ץסˣչüʱͰԱߣʣЩȫؽ׺˿ء
׿ӦڽС硱˵ǳط˸ۡ
ƺ⸱ӣúЦĦһķͷ飺ôĿڽˣһˣ
ûҵԶһģⲻǡңôսսһ߳ܣԽ˵ԽСҲǻˡ
˰㣬ıȷ죬˭ҹ￴ŵùƺڶʵүô
ˣү綼ڣƢƲסû÷
ȥүﰢпˣʱ̨ȥ繫ԭסǸԺӣڻ԰ڳǵװҩ˷˱չüˣԸЩС˶˵Щȥɣһ㣡
ǣ
ɿܳȥƬ̺һ˶˸̨
ƺ׿Ӧе֣ʾο˿ôúΡͬʱ򵥰ѽ˵˵
ǰƺƵòʯлȷʵܿ챻ܣסǵǿѵİڣ˿ֲףжҪҵĳţֱ͵
ɽµţò˳жϳ⣬ѸٴسǣȥѰ
ٶչü͹֮ȥԼϵƺ㱨ȴֻ֮󣬱ֱȥ庮ڡ
չüŵ¶ԴȸҴϢףɡ
ɱ֮ǰҾ˵¶ҾˣҴ˵㡣ڲ֪ʱվſڣһ߲ŵһ˹
ƺŤͷ֮£л
һЦСֵȵô
ƺüˣûǸ˼ǰھΰɣ
ž⸱ݣҲ֪˵ֻ࣬Ҵ⿴ǣȻ£ҿɲ¡
ааɣ֪ңˡƺ£ҲûչüŹȥ͡
˵⻰ʱƳһۣԷɫƽѾ֪¡
ˡֻ뷨Ƚ档ͷһûü
˵£ƺУһ°ͣʾ˵
չüȷʵ鲻˹߹ȥ֮ûô͡Ҳûϻ˺ܿЭ飬߳͡棬ںҽףöԷֱװ߱Ѻ͡ںչüŵͣˮĴŹߣպ뺫͡ɳĴϡ
ƺüҪĵʲô
û˵ɵ⻹ǰҹġ
ƺ˱ۣӡٸ׷Ӷپ
Ҳǹġҩͽͷ仰ŵ۵ʱǱ׷ɱôҾ͸ˡ
С鲽СзһŴƺǰŲ齱ߣ±Էһץȥһ١
ƺĿ˳Ƴ׿ӦϣÿϵĴббһĵۣҼ绮Ƥⶼⷭţʱһһ񱻷ڶϷѹ۵Ըӡ
ǰʧֻ̬ܿţʣ˵ʲô
ͬǽɰ
ɰƺظҲɻ󣬡ʲô
⣺Ҳ֪ô
ƺüģԼЩ죬벻ʲôˡ
ɰһϡһұ֮׵Ĵ٣еıΧ⼸ɽϡڽ͵ǹٸȷֹ˽ԿɵĿ֮һֻ֪Ҳѹֹ߷ҪŴȸš
׿Ӧſϣϱϵ˿ڣۣ˵ʱۣҧţһûԣƺġ
΢΢̧ȥԷڵĻ֮һĨת˲š
ƺһֱע׿ӦУڿԼæһ񣬻ͷڵл֮ǻ˳ȥ
ôȥס𣿡ڿʣȥܡ
ƺɻطʣȸΣյǸɣòôǣ
ڸɰͰ͵ЦЦǺǣ
ҽȥһչüʱ꣬ǵװʲô֡ƺΪ֮չüе裬ңҲȥˣǵ⣬ҿһᣬǻǶСġ
ͻȻһɻ󣬡ôˣǵ¶𣿡
ƺЦΪأֻǹͣϵľǰ
°ͣζѹִ粻Ǹ˴򽻵ĪͿ͸һУǡ
´˸кһǴǸʱķѳģ˴⣬ҲûʲôɵĶ
ֽӹ򿪣Ӵ⻭ôǷԶˡ
ʲôƺ˹һǼ˵Ļ绹Լûֻ黭øȥԶҲѹֶչüûϳ
ͷһ̺ܲˬشУʲô⣬һô󣡡
ƺѻ￴ڣҲǵĻ񣿡
ȻˣȻôˣ̾ǷþͺܹһͳԴ֮֡
ƺʣɷһ
תתҴ硣
ƺ֪۶࣬һЦûٶ˵
׿Ӧƣһۣص˵ͷ
飬ȥҷ磬ȥһչüʱꡣƺϿҵضڵ֣£˫Σ
ϺȻáۣϹ˼Ȧ¶ζЦݣұæȥˣС´档
뿪Ҳųȥ磬˴Ҵҳš
߿ƺѻһСϣǼƣԷȴ㻭ΩΩФټոЩæչüɡ˻ˣӦǳϤ
ƺҪܽǷҪһ͸ˡ
ȥƺ齱ߣ˸׿ӦеͷŵؿŴΣ
ǲһԣе࡯λһʡƲոˡֻǡ桯
鰡үƺֺõЦҽһܰﰢ̣԰ɣ
ΰ㣬Ҵñô˼̶û˵ʲô㻹Ըˣ
ƺİѺİѺεҰ̸ֵ࣬ôȦˣô˵
ûд󰭣İɡ
ƺһûˣ
ûˡ
ôأûϸ
ޱصǲҪҳȥϸϸһ飿
ƺ
׿ӦвƺһԱģЦʮʹࡣ
صľ⴦ˣǱˡ˺ͽŵ׵ˣⶼ󡣡ͷƳƺŵĽţ΢΢ǣɫǰɢ̣ȻԺԵϡ࣬Ҹҩ£Ӧúָܻܿ˻ҪģԼ£ѧǧѣѧתۼ䣡
仰׿Ӧ˵ģƺ˿еۡ
Ժƺһ¶ͷϵ˿ڣʰҩȥˣֻʣƺ׿ӦУ㿴ҿ㣬һʱЩŤ
׿ӦſЩܣؿҲбˣˣѹҲۣ㶯˶ӣɹ
ƺ̰ɺ֮󣬶ǰڨڨ˿ڡô
һڣҲ֪Լ˸⣬ջأɵԭأ촽˶Ҳû˵ʲôĻ
׿ӦзЪ˻ֳЩҩ˿̸оЩѪ֮ͨϵҲʼЩˣһֻҲÿ˿һ˫Ȫˮӯӯؿƺ
ƺܲһ̾УǺο࣬Ժɵˡ
׿ӦͻȻ۲һתɫŤͷ𴦣ǡԶôҡҲǷģ㡭һ
֮󡭡ұǷˡ


68 
ƺ⻰һ, ʱ˺ڡ
㡭ʲô˼Ƭ̣ʵҪߣ
ȥ׿ӦָҾʦ
漴ֱ˱, Ƶǻ塣ҲԱĶ, Ҳ, Ǳֻܵٱˡ
ƺȻó׿ӦҪԼǷҪԼ˵Ǿ仰, Ҳ֪ԼöԷܣ۵òС
Ϊѡϲµĸоһŭ̲סס׿Ӧе°, ǿȶԷԼС꣬ӡ
׿Ӧᣬ۽Ƿȴ룺ľ, ңҪҪͬһ߳ж, Ͳһô
ƺ֪룬һģ, ۣѹȴ׵ģ˵һ, ǷʲôԺֻĥҡ
û, ĥô׿ӦеίòС
ǻϲ, Ϊʲôһٱã
ۼαض˼ɫҲҲЧˡ
ƺЦˣЧң
׿ӦвٹĨǣҪƺס֣üҰһɣ
Ҫܣ׿Ӧس֣Ҫ
ֻҪһ컹ңҾȨ㣡ƺǿӲʵû취Ҳֻܷ
ббûֲܿǽƺΣֻߣ§翿Լ
׿Ӧûаƾܵ˼˳ӿȥƫͷһۣӡ
˱ҲչˡƺãֻҪҵˣҶúÿˡ
ô׿Ӧǧġˡͦࡣ
ƺĬƬ̣ŵУԺҪ˵ɲɣ
˰ûƬ̺Ϣȴƺͷһᣬʱֿʼ
ˣȻҲ£Ҫȡֱȥôô˵
ԼòãװŶԷǻ飬Ƣôֱ׳۸ˣ
ޣ˵ƺ̧ȥ׿ӦвᣬȴԷֻܿҡ
常һΪ˸ƴܲˣھҪô׿ӦдŨصıеЧ㣬ôȴҵĲǣ
ƺε̾˿ҴˣǽҹôҲӦԺ󲻻ˣ㿴βǹؾصģ
ߣ㵹
ǿɲ˵常Ҳһġƺˣ壬ţ
Ҽǵ˵УʲôҳϣҲ˵ҪԼҳϡ׿Ӧз֣ԼôʾʾԷа취㿪ｹòУҲٶȦӣָƺĿڣĿԹϲңΪʲôҪƭ
ҡƺû뵽׿ӦоȻֱ׵˳⻰ֵģ֪ôش
ԺЩ뷨δ̫飬ʵ˵ڡ
Ҳûϲ㣬֪ϲˣͲƭԼ׿ӦһһԼȡĶ࣬˻Ҫץסˣڱ㣬㲻ԸˣҾ͵ΪֹֻŪףǼãΪηǰ
һ˵ô࣬΢΢ţһֿʼȣȵƺľսϽԱСȡ˲ˮιȥ
׿ӦСںˮƺ˿ȴ
ԴӾ쵽ԷҲϲԼȻǸ˵ģԭͰ಻סԼѾԼߡ
ʲôԶʲôĮȫӰƺֻ֪һϲһˣϲеǰɾ
׿ӦйòԼĸ;һˣ̲סȥӵԷ
ƺûôִʱôհǰ˺󣬺״ʧȻʧ
׿Ӧģ
УܱԼϲϲ㲻֪ж࿪ġƺ°׿Ӧеķ˵Ҳô¸ңºܶ飬ΪӰˣȫҶȥˣҲʧȥ㣬ΪҶܿࡣ
ˣһ¡ʾã´İʾҲҲƵĸо
׿Ӧƣر۾һЦôйһξβͷֲԼ𣿡
֪ģֻħϡƺԥ˵˳Ϊգһ·⽣Ӱ˴С뷨ֻһִ½ܻᷢҺܶȱ㣬Ҳеˣʱ㡭ˣô죿
׿Ӧƫͷ֪Щʲôû˵
ƺı飬ֻ㷲صţȵСʵ̲סУ˵仰
˵㣬ڳǰܴĹ𣿡׿Ӧ䣬˳ǲңǲԼ
ô˵㵱˵ġһҾϲж棿νĸ飬ҲΪʧȥ̫࣬ôԵģŸԼһľԼڻͬһƮҲᷢҺܶȱ㣬ʱҪΪҪءҳϡǿԼһֱһ𣿡
ƺ
˵ңǴҶµ˵
ϲһӦÿĲŶԡҲģö˷Ϣʱｲ׿ӦƿƺҪվô룬ԼҸطȥɡ
ƺҲ֪Լղ㣬ȷʵҸط侲һ£Ҳ׿ӦкúϢ߱ǡ
˭֪ҪǰվվʱȴԱ˺͵˵ϡ
ƺͨͨžӸ¿׿ӦУԼ
׿Ӧб䵭ƽɫͫ״˿ӳ±ڣؿƺһ仰Ҳ˵һ˲ͷĴ
ǴЩȴúܣʱƺͷԡˡһĿһػ类ٿصȼѸٴȫ
ֻϧǴǵò·ֻѵˮ˼£̧ͷˣ㻹Ҫ˼ô
ƺյ÷裬޷˼ӻģǷѾһ˲ϡﻩȫ۾ֱֱ׿ӦУʶҡͷ
ˣʲôҲ벻ˡ
׿ӦٴηӣϸǴƺĶʼϸһɢ鼰ߡ°͡ᣬ˫Ѳ
С⣬һ£Ƶ˻ȥ
ƺ׿Ӧ׵ûŻ𣬿ɶԷĸȫ𣬱һ˿£Ȩ˻
׿Ӧе˿ڣŶԷĺ󾱣
ǲǲףƺڸѹؿǷзӯĿֱֱؿ׿ӦУʵ
û׹ˣȻᡣ˹˹ǣϸָᳶסڣЦһң
ЦУʹƺеĻ汩ǣʲôʲôͳͳ׵⣬ͷ˫ѾõĴϡ
ƺҲû׹ˣ·һֱܣ׺ֱӣԥ׿ӦеĴ쳤ֱ룬ֲʧᣬûҰؿɣǡôع׿Ӧе⣬˱ĥݡ
ֱѻ˲븹᲻ãֻԼе鶼׸ԷڶԷ޵УԼҲõ˼㡣
ƺͻȻףһֶô޼䡢˼սĸܡ
׿ӦгⳡӿȵУҸڳʵ鲻ԽطǰţҪ޽ӽκμ϶
סƺڵִֻ˿̽߬סϣסţ㱻Էĺĥ°Ҳ֡
֪ã˸Ը
һʱ䣬·𶼲ڣֻʣˮˡ
ƺδ˷ݹԼĸ飬Һ÷лдһ˿ǣϾлˣһһСģ˿ھ鷳ˡ
סԼǹӿȵĻɿ׿ӦУ΢΢ţעŶԷ
ƺһη֣׿Ӧ衢˳Ⱦ۾ӳʱ򣬾ǹǵ˹
ԭһ˿δȧǻϣȴ˿ڲȥƯմ˿̷ĺΣһʻɫ
ԽԽ˺
׿ӦԲɿڣˮ̺ĴҪ
ϰûԼֻҪϲıҪ׷ѰòײץȻһҲſ
ƺεЦˣֵͷһڣУȰá
ôҵ׿Ӧüëسգգһֻۣ㻹У
Ƕܰɡƺǵ°˿̾èƵճˣɾȤ˵ıǼ⡣
׿Ӧʧش۾ŨܵĽë£۵״һСƬӰһֱȥˡ
ʲôֲƺǱԼĺĥ÷°ͣЦǰ˵㣬ҵôһ㸺ġ
׿ӦЦ˸ۣ⻰ǵõǧ˼ԥأû
лһѣ֪֮ǰɵЩжȤƺһ§ԼؿڣԺľģÿһ¶Ϊϲˣұߣһһֱһֱϲ㡣
׿Ӧǿ٩ôȷ
ʱҿˡ˵⻰ƺͻȻЩ˼ȷʵʵյõģʲôͷҲǰδеѣҺȷ
磬Ժô࣬ǺúûžСһ׬һ졣׿Ӧ濴ǵǰ˵ϲܣ˵ϲ䣬뿴ľʵġõģ˼Ĺ¡ҵĲ˼顣
ƺⷬ˵ĳȣ޲ðӵѪ˿С꣬ң군Ŀ㡣
׿ӦлЦƯڴݼһѽ
ԣ˯ƺ£ȥ衣
˯ţҡ׿Ӧֱ׳½ǲš
ƺΣұ˹˺ü죬ˮ϶ˣոûѬ㣿
ұ˴ɵˣŲС˵Ϲ
Ҫôƺָ˸üëҰյʱ䣬ȥȥ
׿ӦпԼϵ·ãȫѪۺͻҳҲҪԡһ𣿡
ȫˣƨƺһۡ
С̫ʢټǧڳ֮ºԭ򣬴Ӧˮϴɾͷ
ƺȷԸȥˮ׿Ӧ·죬ԼͰˮֱھѸٳ˸ˮ裬ٻص֮󣬼Ӱõһڿι׿Ӧаȥ
࣬ˮҲպˣ׿Ӧв齱ߣƺϴ
Լִֽק˶Էƺ˿̸оĲԴһı̥ɣֻҪһܸˡ
׿Ӧеķ˿ǼȴӲںӣ˵ʵҲִԣ׼Ͳϻͷ֡
ƺͷУָ⣬ȴƷ˱繣𷽲ŶԷճ˵ģֱȳۻ
Ϊ׿Ӧ˵ûиŲطɴ
˿һ綹âͣƺϴַʵᣬ׿Ӧԭۼˣֱһ۾˯ȥ
Ķ֮ҹһҲ˯ǿҪƺ˵
Ƕæ͵᲻᲻̫ã
ƺͷϸϸɣŴ˻ӱЦһ˵Ұɣ
ûС׿Ӧҧ촽ԳԵЦȻ뵽ʲô˼֣֪үСϸιûУΡ
Щʣ˶ˣҲʲô
ţҲԣǡ׿Ӧʣ𣿡
˵ǻˣûʡó㡣ƺĶ䣬˱ʲôǿ
׿Ӧв˵׳дү鵤ҩ˯һͺˣ˵ҵĵûǵأ϶õÿ졣
⵶ˣƺ۵һ£ҧгݵɱˣ
úúã᲻ᡣ
׿Ӧʪͷ˯ƺŪ̿¯һϸϸš
ˣַôһ¯ӣƺһͺ䤱ɴ³ಲ
׿ӦҲеȣ˸ɾ£˿קקȥúɣƺԴߣһ̧۾Ϳ¶ǺһƬؿڡ
ҲǼˣͿҩ鲼ţƺʤһУҪȻԴ˿̵գֵóȥϴˮ衣
׿Ӧǿžʣ磬ô죿šǲ֪ɰбôֻǲǰ˵
ⶼ㿴ˣƺЦǲǻһֱҿ
ǰү˿̫أҿ㣬ֹۡ
Сǧãһ߰ͷһߵɰԭϣǧټҪĿԶ׼
׿Ӧвɵ΢΢ŤͷҪ֪Ҫʲô
Ʒʽ常ƽҰȳдҲ֪Ǹиɻܣǹϸ˵ŪҲ¹Ҫ븴ԭ常ǰƵЩװ˶ЩʹߡЩʽͼֻֽƽҰá
ƺڻɣƽҰܻ⣡
лҪ˵
УҲҪ໰ӾǸɡ
кcpڵ


69 
׿Ӧвһ, ƺ䲻ôܣж͸ŹģҲǻЩȥ
ٿܶ죿ƽҰסڹ, ˵Ҳսų, ⻹ǲ߲ҹӱ޲ܵҹֲֻһ֧, Ҳ²ģ֡
ͨɰĹ, ƺ̾뵽˹ƽҰȷʵǵǵģҲ޼, ԼϵҲһ
ΣҲùȥһ۰ɣ
Ȼ˼һ, ·֪ƺͻȻ뵽ʲôЩ׿ӦͷҲͣ
׿Ӧ쳤첲ȥ֣, ̫ġ
ƺعĦֱ, סʵ˹ȥƽҰҲδػ¡常µĻأ۸ǴΪ, һ£ؿԵһϮ, ԶؽѡؽҲĽ˾ˮȥ, ˺ܶʳڸǵؽѼ̵ͬһ㣬ûеˣϸض֣ȥϸ¶⡣
˵˶٣ֵƽҰĲұץҲֻõķȥ롣ҪץΪӦòͬʦһǶҪȥˣʱһȳǡ
Ǳˡ׿ӦиոοʵҲְοͽ޹ô˵Ҳ˿ֻתһ룬ɫͻȻýţҪɰҪػĹƽҰҪͨⵤʦ㵱ƲòҪԴ֣
Ҵ֮δǾֻĿǰĺ̸ֻǰֻΪҪоͨû뵽Ǵѵ常ơ
Щǵװ߶սҲ˵ˣǡᡯǡӦ飬̱ʱò󡣡׿ӦвҾʦѹԷÿ˶ˡᡯǲҲǻô
ƺЦ㿴ֻǳõװ常кܶ뷨ûüʵֻ֣ͼֽƽҰ档áᡯ˵õֻ׵װҲɲԶҪǿ裬ƿطûй常Уܸᡯ϶ֲٿأͿԸᡯʿ䱸
ͷҲҩǼװſһĶ䵽ըһӣ˵ľӸεܰѷŵʿҲⲻſ²ǣ
ⲻɱһǧ˰𣿡׿Ӧüͷ塣
ԣЩ뷨в֮ԸʿףǡᡯҪߣҪĽװãԻеṩĶһ㡣Щ常ڿһֱûܸʵʩɶ˲Щѵ˵ʮĺðƽɱʿƺЦƽŵˣ򲻹Щġ
׿ӦûϹս󲻵ƺ˵εʮ֮һ͵СȻѵȥɱˣͲ󱳷
૵Ƕħ
˵ֻǵս常ĻֹЩиΪ͵Ļػ汻ҵġһս֮
ʲô׿ӦȻҪܾˣ䵽ûһս֮ĵز
ͷĹƺӣЩͼֽҲ̫常˵һƤսûԴʯ˼Ԧأ赲սװƵڣǳӪҷһһ䣬شзңսڵʻϸ˵ȡᡯҪˡץʦڣ¯𡭡
û˵ȥ⻭׿ӦȻõϾʦǴΰĹۺ龰ĿǼӴ̼ȥϰڻ¡
սֹһʮӪذΧٸԴˡᡱЯſ׵ʿǼʮкã˲ɷɻң
ĬƬ̣׿ӦʵǷΪβڴ׾У
常뺫ϾҪսҪķѴҲһͣþ飬ǻѼֱǸ޵׶ȻҪͨȥʳ͢ҪǮ
ƺϳһƬһͲͬ⡣鱻أɺܼ򵥡ɱ̫أ»꼰ˡ޷ˡЩǺܸȤλʵͬĿáϱıսܡս֮иָĻ率׺ͷʻڵȻѾãûҪоЩɱĶ
׿Ӧ̾˵ɱ⵹ʵֻϧǲĴ
ԳĬͻȻѹ
׿ӦͷѾ˴룬ƺ󣬿ͰͿһۣˣ˯һɡ
ƺȥǱʵΣ׿ӦСҲ̰һ⣬㽫̿¯Ϩˣ´ϣ˽ȥ
Ҷ˶Է˿ڣ׿Ӧ˹УֻɵСޡ
˱û⣬ȴôؾΪʱõҩϻƺｫҩ˴ƽմҶߣүҲûо浽׶ʲôɷ֡
Ҳգӵ
ƺǣһʱ˯㱧׿ӦУ˿ҲĹ
׿Ӧиӱƺֻ粻αȶԷСһȦſбȻֻۣŶԷϸɾº͵Ϣرġ
ֻ˾ţĪЩԳԷǣҲζŵǸǣԼеѪڡ
㬵룬û׼үҩʲô߶㺵ĳɷ֣Ҳʵ̫Լˡ
̿¯̫ȣƺųಲ׿Ӧо͵˼ۡɽбʱƳһ⣬ڷӳ£ƤŹ⣬ԵøӨеԡ
ʱͶ˼һѣڶԷУ뷨Ǵ
ֻǡҲ̫ʱˡ
׿Ӧ֪ղȥֻǼ̾˿͵͵̧ۿƺҲû˯ڰ۾ģƺʲô
֪ƺһΪǣ׿ӦбҲǿŸ䣬ߡ
ƺо˶ˣ̵ͷô˯ܣ
ûУ͡˵˵˵ž˯ˡ׿ӦбۣʵүǾΪλסڹ
ƺѱקקĸƽҰʱѲҲ£ƽҰСȼ·һȳһգϲս常þ˻ʵ⣬˾ھͨաڹ常֮ƽҰ˱㽫ȥ游ĸͬסһ˫ȥֻƽҰԼסǶ
ԼסʲôΪ
ƽҰϻۣѧʵͣ常ĲѧѧȥųɣдҲãѧΪֻ͡ϧвмܿƾ٣ƽͯЩÑҲάơ
ˣû˵𣿡
ʮˣʵúãҲȽ⣬Ӱֻ·Щ˶ѡԭ常Ҳ˵ףֻϧڼҲûݳޡ˵ƺ棬֣¶ҲҲģôá˵˵ȥǷǹؼҲ١
˴չ˶ѣ̸ʲôǷǷ׿ӦвϲһжԼϣۣҲۣ˵ĻʮˣӦǻԼչԼȢһ£ֻҪϲŮӣסѲɼûгȢϱˣ
ƺŹƽҰû׿ӦĿǣ૵ʵСƽҰϲʮߵʱýţԼԸף˵Լûһ֮û취޻˽ܿǲ˼ҹ
׿Ӧһ⻰һֵܣ뷨һѲҪȢĹ粻ֲܿ᣿ϴ»һڣˣ޾ٰüһ˽һ˷첹ҲûôѰɣ
ֵʲô۲ۣͨͨǽڣҪôǲϲ涯ģܿƵס
ƺָɣڨڨҴ
׿ӦԽ˵ԽҲ֪ôģһŤץƺƣҧһڡ
˻ƺˣģ
һǣ׿Ӧа̣ԼǾٶʵɵûԡ
ҲԣǼδˣС꣬꣬ƺЦḧĺ󱳣ҴˣдһʶⱲӾѶôһΣԺҲˡҶԲǰͷᷢʲôǶһԣҲúñԼ㵣ġˣղ죿
˰׿ӦҲûشƺͷ˺೤Ȼ˯ˡ
˯˰ү˵ûʲô󰭣ǳϲңƺĵһЦ׿ӦͷӡһǣҲ۾
һҹ׿Ӧ˯ΣƺѾʧȥ֪ʶ¯֮ʱδۣоԼǸůĻУϵ˿ۣ˿Ҹȣȫʲô
ŻûȫѣһֻצӳûңԱ˵ؿȥһ£ȻлҪʵ
׿ءƺЦͷº͵ͳֱӴĤ׿Ӧһ鲻ԽЦ
̧ۣͷ۱ƺĲͦü΢΢͹𣬸Ե˫۾
ҹȥϴʱѺ綼εˣЩɫĺۼӢͦƣ主
ƺ׿ӦԵɵɵضԼͷһǣôӵĹˣ
׿Ӧ̾˿գҿôһ磬еҲˣ
ƺЦŵļҳֽŻ졣
ڿʲô׿Ӧ˯ᱳۣҪˬôŶԷһ˿ڱɱЩʹ
ƺǼֽһߣֱۣûʲô˵³㣬ֲʱµһˣдҡ
׿ӦжʱЩ˼ʲôʱˣýң¶Ҫ
û£˳ǳС֡ƽᷳд֣㿴Ķдúÿ
׿Ӧֽһ򣬹ȻֽŤŤûϳ
չüͷͦӲںһϣʲôû˵ƺҹж˶ţûһҹ£ǱߴϢ͡û֣ɰҲûȥȸÿһҳɿڵĴм¼û˻ˮ㡣
֣²ӦԽԽ𣿡׿Ӧв⣬ҲΪҹǾͻװˣҹζࡣ
ƺɫЩʵԳŵֶΣҪº֣ܱƵöչüڡֻϧˮܰͷͿ֮Ĺϵڲ̫֣ȻҲ顣չü޿֣Ȼ翹ס
׿Ӧ΢΢ü˼ţȻɫ硭չüҷ﷢ǱŪεۣѾµǰҹ˼뺫͡ĶԻ˵᲻ᡭ
㻳չü͡˵ЩǹⲼµ󣿣ƺҲпܡչü˾ͺܼթ߸ϼ޻͡˽˽ףµľǱ¶ױǣűߡ
˴ȸܰѳֺһСϸ⣬ҲŪߡһͻͿֱƵǳϡ׿ӦЦչüıԶҺˣֻҪ³ɣñܱܰͷãЩһֱ֧ԪϣܰͷȥԼϴ󣡡
ߣڿ繫ӣҵأʧƺĵ
׿ӦƲƲ죺Ľг飬˽ˡ
Ϊҹܾ֮ܽ뿪ɣû뵽ƺסǰⲽ¿鷳ˣþҵߺͺ͡ھ
˵⣬ЦΪŲɱˣû뵽ڻþĶʲô¶Ҫ常֪
Ҫ常֪Ҳǹȫ֣ġ׿Ӧסְ
ĻҹΣֻΪ˱˽𣬷ҵ߱һ£˽Ҫ˱ĿĺͰڳеڹ
׿Ӧпƺ羴֮ȻоԼֶϲ֡
˴˵ƯĶĴ֮¡
飬ʹѪ֮С
ֶԼҹȰϣÿÿ׿Ӧܸж·Լ˵Ѫȼ
磬ʲôȥһһֱߡ׿Ӧ
㻤żҹһ㡣
ƺ͹֣㶮ңҲ󡣡
˼ãûſһ磬и磬Ҫһ緹𣿡
׿Ӧеıʱˣͷ۴ڹӣȻˣ
лҪ˵
磺ǲӣ
Уֱ׳
磺Уû⣡õúܣ


70 
С, ׿Ӧлûһ˯ʱڴҶæһţãͷ˯, ƺȥæ, ˿Ťúܡ
ƺʲô, ԴЦ˺, ˯˯Ӧġ˯Ҳָܾô𣿡
׿Ӧȭ, ɢѾˣ˿Ȼе飬Ӧֻɵģţûˡ
ִ, ôվţﲻȥ
ڨڨи˵أҲҡ
Сӣƺߺ
㷲ظ, Ųӽ
ƺͷдǼֽϣдǶģˣ㶨, ˿һ֣׼ΪǸ˹֣㻹벻Ȣϱˣ
ʲô, ǰ࿴ˡֽ, ⶼܸȢϱһ𡣡
֮, Ժÿдһҳֽÿһµ첻дԼʱ䲹Ҫҳݴӡʼд徭һ֮Գ顣ƺ˵ţٲ飬Ӷʯͷˡ
᣺磬㻹ǴҾɣÿʮô
Ҫٸּۻۣÿʮҳ֡ƺۣɫϬ
Сǵö飬ҪȻͷƭ˶֪Цص٩һ䣬׿ӦУˬʵУЩ𣿡
׿Ӧæöˣжҿһ𡭡
һƨƺԲۣ׿ӦУֿ飬˵ĸ壬˵ĸӣ²ҪУô
׿ӦУһվţһţͷͬųˡ
ڴ齌ķϣһĻ̲ס͵Ц
ճѵӣֵճѵϱæ
׿Ӧ͵ۿƺģۡ
ʱһƣôԲⶼУ̲ס붺ŪӲ磬˾ÿɿְġ
ԽԽϲ
ƺȥˮ׿ӦϴȻ齱ߣãҸз˵Щȥ͡͹ߵļ棬˶չüȦסϸ룬˵Ƿ
⻰ɫ˼Ƭ̸̣ʱҲδôһᣬ֮ҹ߲͡δж⿴ȷʵڹʲ󡣡
޷һ顣ƺʣչüʲô˵ʱأò顣
Ȼȷʵʲô֪ЦһضչüҲ뵽ǱײϣʱСͲס򣬶ʲôͺ
ƺ˼չü˼ϲ˿³ˣ˵Ҳǰ˶׼ˮ¶ƣҲƽﲻɽ¶ˮ˽Ϊ¡ǰչü˿̲Ųæʤȯգһаţ󲻵̽Ϣҵˣ˵塣
ҹǰˮ˹֮󣬱㽫ЩչüСġﻹЩѾǷ˳㡢ϸϸ̽Щ˶ṦҲ໥ȷόٵˡҪǴ߲鰵̽ǿɲס
ƺͷƽʵΪչüѳ֣㲻ΪãҲпͨ籨ţҪ˲٣ʵɸ飬ŪûݾߡҪȥ
׿ӦһԾţȻɫһݣ͵ץסƺ󣺡ι£ǰҴ΢СɢûĻһǶչüİߣ
ɢҩܿ죬ʱ׿Ӧиȥҩۣ;ͷĿѣҺǵûǰһĻǱι򴽵Ц
ٵճ˰ѳ֣չüȻҪΪãǶչüٵġ
Ǹ˦ƹ񣬌˿û⣬׿ӦҲûв鰵̽ľ飬ܴҲ벻йϣҲͺˌ˵Ĺע
ԭƥ򣡡ƺҧгݣɷӡ󣿡
Уշ֮һͨлȻԱݣʾ£չ˺ӣǰƺ󹧵ĺڣ̽Ϣӣ
׿Ӧ˿ˣι´ʮͻ顢ϸȷʵǰ̽Ĳѡջ񡣡
ƺһ˸׿Ӧµɢ޲ͽְ˺룬ڻÿŶҲֻǿѹŭ
ˮ׿ӦбҪϴƺסǶ𶯡
˵ȥšӣƺҪԸ˲
׿Ӧжʱе㲻˼Ȼﲻˣƺ֮ĹϵҲ̫Ǹˡ
黹ԼһһŴֵĹΣվһ߳üûע⵽Щı䣬һѣ˴к뿪
׿ӦĿȥƺʪˮӹûôòҲ˿Ҳá
ƺ㶣漴¶Ц׿Ӧһ飬ĵá
Ȼ˼˵ʲôأֶˣж㣬šӶѡ
Ȼһ֣չ׿Ӧϡ
׿Ӧаղѣȥÿ˭֪һ̣ϢΧ˹ֻ¶һǣ۾ʵʵסˡ
㡭
׿Ӧлû˵꣬촽㱻ס
˫۱ĸйٸоȻŴҹӰҡ첻ͬ˿׿ӦȷܵӴ͸ϣƺǱøӳȡ
ûأʱ˿ܽҲʱ˻·׿Ӧðպ컽֯˫ش̼ͷĿѣ
꣬ƺſһһָġüۣҵˣôô裬㽿ûϵסˣ
̵׿ӦͶ䶼̵˻ƺԴӲӱ֮󣬻ָ˳ʱģʲô˵ֱҪ
ģǰзִ硣ƺɿ֣׿Ӧϼ޻ϲУһጝõģ˵
׿Ӧн²¹ײҪǿװ򶨣ҿɶлˡ
ƺ֪߻װҲƣβƵһȭϿҵ
׿ӦԵҩжô棬ҹԹҩ裬ַ˼ҩһߣڳЩ顢˿ڻʹ֮⣬˿ȻˬŵȻЩۣµ·Ҳûʲô⡣
ƺȷʵȽҲģûҪϴϣ˱뿪ȥԱһС¥ķһò͡
׿Ӧб㱻һССӰͨһסˡ
ۡһ˳Ӧи磬û¾ͺˡ
ƺ⺢ûûأ׿Ӧе˿ڣһ£ĸ첲㣡
û¡׿Ӧ˵òأĦķ˾ôˣүô˵
ͷ۾Ծ׵ģûٿޣüĵ붼ʧȥ˹һ㡣
ҭҭ˵ʲôû˵ͰҾ˾ֻ⬡
׿Ӧɻؿ˿ƺƺ͵үˣû۶ǰ˵ʲô룬˵Ӧת
⻰ճڣž˴
ҿûô˵һˡ˹˵ߵ˸ǰ
ƺƵ˿ʲôʱôˣ
ޱ˳硣
ֳ̧˳ӣʣҾ˾˻ѹ𣿡

ȿȣ
ֻ˵һ֣ͱƺԸˣͷصˌһۣ˵Ȱ㻹Ǳ̫ϣ
ۿȦˣ׿ӦиϽǣǰߣ̫࣬ȵĽ˵˾˼ࡣ
ͷŴµ֪ҵš
׿ӦܽΣҪĻ޹أĴ
Ĭβŵ֪ǶǺ⣬ǲҵĴԺҾˡ
ƺӰԹǲҲͰˣܲ˵һ㣿
С˼ѻ棬˵ʲôŲɡ˵Щת㶼ǾϲУҲýܡٵϣ塣
ƺȷʵҲûٶ˵תʣ¶㿴жת
ҩһû˷ѣҿɲ˵ʲôաҪǵʱ£ʩȣ˵ܱס˵һҹ嶼ʼ䣬ֲɾ
չüŽײ϶ȷѾˡ㻹ʩ룬ǲǡƺ̽ʵ
Ƴһۣ㵹Ǵ
óá
Ȼһ˿Ϣţͨ˾첻Ϊʩ룬ܲܵסܱ֤Ϣϣоȡ
ƺ۾һģ
׷ʵЩ֪һһɣкܹ繫ӣ˵̫ϣ
ɲɣڵĹϵҲƺЦͷΪҫ
÷˸ۣǰ׿Ӧж糣ƲƲ죺û֮Σ
ƺģôҲǸеҽİɣ˳µ֣
ߡһⲻǱôſŵҲá
ƺЩѿԣֻǴеĶô޲ˣ
һԼʲôԼ񣬼ӿ첽ǰȥ
вѱ룬ڡ硢ﶼѾ׿Ӧм˵ˣҲûôֱӿ
ϯڼ׿ӦЩ԰ףЦеʣ׿ҹЪÿɺãִ粽ţǿɶŻˣҲҹȥ㣬´Ϣ
⻰˵ûʲô⣬ƫ˵ڣһ˿٩ζ
׿ӦűŤ˻˿̵ʺģôͷװӣֻ˳Է
ƺֱ˸ͷ̧֡žؽסЦŨ
ԼûܹôƺҪǾȱ飬ҿ԰㡣
˺һͷ;лˣ׿Ӹǵۼûء
׿Ӧо˼ֱԼƢıϣŲƫƫҪ̽
ҹȷڴȲһ֮ǰɵ˺ȣͱûӰˡ
ҹƺಲʱ׿Ӧлǵ˿ڣ˺أƤ˺ü죬պˮѾǿˣ̺ۿ൱
ˣȫͷϣܾͱһޣֱ϶ٷ²Ĺ졣
㻹˼˵ǵô£ƺ׿ӦﲻˬȻҪţڣҪôͷ㣡
һתΧǳŵˣһɫ粻ؿԾӲΣǽ֮£һЦôЦѡҳԷԷ
֣뽩֣ƾ֮ãƺ˹ʵ̽Ѿ̽ˣûбҪ粻ֹ뿪ҲİȳүߡǷҪֹʲôʲίпñܵҪҲ֮١
˵üչüǴȸѾãζŹүӦɣ
ڷ¿ӣװģس̾һˣۣһұֻ뵱ˣڿɺã¶ѵҸǰ˵֣Ҳҳ⣬Ų˵治㣬Ҵ
ҲΪ㣬ǴƺЦЦҿóǻˣûϵֻҪӦȰһȰǵ£Ҿ취һ֮أҲһ㣬ô˳춢ǣ۲۰ôҪ󲻸߰ɣ
ڿƺζ֣⽻ףԿ
˲ܼƽô࣬ԿǸƺǰ豭곤ҹһ硯Բƾһ۾һЦô
֡ڶһ
㿴һۣҿһۣһı⣬ͲڿײŲŸǱ衣
Ȼ֪ƺô˵޷һ㣬һܣץʵڷѾûһȥȺ͡һ߻ܽǿ
˵Լʵضͼ˵ô򵥡
˵ȻزҲų塣
̫£ŪãԼֵݳǵòʧǸϽߵĺá
֪¿ʲô뷨ƺʵ
ڿЦʲô뷨˰ˡ򲻵ѣȥˮܰͷĹϵ
һһʡ翪ڵ㺫Ǹʵˣôᱳȥǲʲôѱڱ
һһ治֪ƽҲ¶˵
ƺ˿̵ˣˣȻǸԱдϣǲ߬ź͡Ķ̶Ķҳʡ
һԱ⣬׿Ӧ˽˽ʱ


71 ϣ
ƺĿ, ɫЩƮ硢Ҳԡ
飬ɵһһۿƺ˵ʲôֲ˵
ƺ, Ҳ, ֱӿ, ôˣ
ûʲô׿ӦеҲƺ֪, ǲ֪
Щ¶ֻ£Ϊ˹ȫ֣ѹŻȥչü
ƺɱ, ɱúأ׿Ӧܿ˶Զֺ壬Ա˶顣
Ҫǰ, ҪԼ޷һĥ׿Ӧвĥ
ƫƫԼʲô˵, Ͼ龳£ڳ
һûԲ, ƺһɰʵף׿ӦпûԷ
, ڵĵ繫Ӳ֪೤ʱ䣬ζչü, ҪҪ繫
һԲǸر, ÿοҾ˾˶ڨ˾ˡ
չüȻӦˣƺü
ϴӦˣƶչü׼˺ֺŪŪҲνү¶ѾˡҲɵΪܵóԸ˶չü׼᷿
׿ӦоţﰵЩܡ
ԱⲻɵͲŶչüж࿴Сϸ磬ϣƶչüѡ档
˵Ҳɣ᷿ڶչüͺү᷿¥£ǱǼ䷿ݶǶ̸ߵʱʵڿȥͰǷϵľȫȥˡ
˵ٺЦͷһŻѪ
⻰ϱ΢΢е㿪ѣǡ
һͻȻЦ˵ַӦĶ䣬ҲͷʱˣǷţģ±СֵܾòУµڻվءֹڵģ
ƺǳҲúЦ˻ͺãһҳʡ
ڴ˿ôζЦŶһĴָǶ뷨
黹еãȻߵ˵˼䣬⺢ʱˣַ£ͬܰסԼҪⶼˡö۰ûˣ
׿ӦмôͣҲ˵ùȥһЦЦá
Цƺڣ޼չüڴȸÿȥȺү˳һ򾡣ǲҲòȣ޿ɱܡһˣ̽̽չüĿڷ硣
ˣɫЩԥҲ֪˼ʲô
ԵҹնεģȷҪơ
λ֡ͳԺ˷߷ŴͻȻڣȻֵܣôڶ¶棿
ˣ԰Ҫκһ˳£һϹǣ
׿Ӧ֪ʵƺ꼣ӦǵᵽǾ񣬱Ҳǻʵǲǿʲô㣿ںү˩ϣҪǲ֣ҪԱˣٲҪһ˵װ˷ʱ䡣
µ񣬺үҲԼˡܣ߱ȻҪסİչüȻ˴ȸÿˮĴߣֻϡȻүزԹǹ߾ͻЩֶΡжĺǲǿ֪ġ
û潻
ҲãҲãЩ滷ӣؾͱзԡ´ö֮γ˲ɱԸ񣬶Դ˸Ļޣһ޲ĥ
Ȼ֪͡ڹٲҪһĥ
ֻǴ硭
Цһɫǰһλͬ۵ļգ飬ÿʱܻһʱʵҪиֹλǲġ
⻰˵úֻƺ˵ͬλŮӣⲻǵͬô򵥣ǵԼİˡ
䲻ֱܶ˸ͬܣҲᵽ߰˷֡
¹֪ϹѾȥ֪ͨˡɫŽձл
ƺͷпִ֣ҵȱĹˡһЩɻУɰǷֻһˣ
Ȼ˽²ɿ볯͢ɷ㣣ǱҿɽģӴݲ±ʳѿؿɽеÿʱֻһڵҲںезͬĶˣ˾Ҫ¡ȸƽգҲ̣ϸ˫ġ
߶Խɰ־ڱصãҲ֪չüʹʲôϡȻֻһˣǵǷˡƺȸǼ˾ʶչüԱ⣬ڻûǱӦ
ڹ֣лλ
˻ƺЦȡˡ
û˵ιµ¶׿ӦҲ˼ƽϣƺԴȸȫΡ
԰緹ڱȸϻ庮ӣ׿ӦУʹһȥϣƺһȥԱʻ
ʣµԱι¸һȥԱĿǰڡ
һ˷ɢƺں棬һѳס飬ϣסĲӡ
硭ʲôֱ
ƺĿ׿ӦнԶȥѹʵǲң
սսװɵôܣ֪˵ʲô
ǰնչü潫͵᷿Уȡʱȥ˶չüͬʱأ緽ŵҲû͵ԱߡǶ֮ˣֱԭ򡣡ƺָʹգңΪʲô
ͷ㿪ϧƺֱۻϣ޿ɱܡ
ձ촽ѿϣۣҡġ
֪ƺЦţòҰú룿
áȴȫʹȻһ棬Ҳ͵Ϯ磬Ȼ³ҡ
ƺ㣬չüѡǲǰУ
ͻȻһ˲εͷ
ߣɢϳǰҪǶչüԤıȥϣǸʱ͸ҩô򵥵£ΪҲ²翹ƺ֣ɫ˵˵ɡ
һָӡɥͷԵ飬ΪЦ˵¸˸ţǿģ˵ˣԱûôиͱˡǾ֪һû˵Ҷôġ
ܺãƺȫûƤЦⲻЦԱǰɣܺã

ϱû᷿˿ڴϣ˵⬡
ȥ˯ˣ̬꣬ϹŽѰ΢ЦƽǵĮģҪÿö࣬ҲĹ⻪ȡ
ֻ׿Ӧָᴥգоǵڳ˵£͵һ¡
⡭ŵػͷײûʲô֪Ҳʡ
ڴߣϺ˺ü΢壺Ǻ
ץһšˮӼСϲûϵһдʱԵȣԸ˾˲ҵ̫á
ദСĺӡķԺʱ˵˵óͻѹ졣
庢ӵֹ𡭡
һۣڱǰѪĴʱ졣
֪ⷬǰĻ棺Ҳã˾ˣҶܳ£ǲǾҪҰһ߰ܲܽô˾ʩ룿
ǲأܲȶͿԼȶ֮󣬾ͲҪˣԻѹ
ģϲֻˡȶǰ䣬ȫûһȶʲô
׿Ӧп̲סͣѻ˹ȥԣҼǵúҲ˵ҩĹЧù˻һʱ䣬ȻѹЩ
ͷţ
Ҳ֪׿Ӧк綼ƴʾǲ˵ɥҲֻôסҲֻһ˲ֿڣΣ繫󣬶ǰɾ㻹Ҫ׼
ûϵһǰĵһһͷЦЦдǴ˰ǿջЦЩĵľͲˣչüǸ󻵵ֻϣ˾ѹܹȫµ
ͷϵüۣ䱦ţ˾һֱ뿪һҲ¥Ҿ취׬Ǯú飬˹ðһ԰ӣϲʲôĻľֻҪ쿪ġ
ȦٿغˣǸúӡ
ͷȴһҲãҺþ˾˱ġǾ˾ˣĲңѹҪھιһӣЩֻۡҪѣȢ޲ӣⱲֻź˾һˣҲûϵֻһձ㹻ˡ
׿ӦϣҲ룬Ҫ˱ˣǰһʹźСϸ磬˵һָ
Ȼ˵ڴգֵ»һ⣬ȶҲϣ繫źãϵþˣ岻ñ棬δһ˥ˡ
˻׿ӦеĶʱͱο磬ֻ۾Ŵ
δһ˿¹繫ѣ»лƳˡǲѣȶᱣµ״̬Ҳֻж¶ȵһЩĿǰ״̬ǲС
ܳŶã
Ҫڱ֮Уһ¡
ҪǸ˾⽨һأһЩ𣿡
˵ҡҡͷ¶Ȳȶ
ļ򣬲ͷ˵ûа취ɡ
˸ЩΣ취УǺʵ֡˵һֱףܹеﱣ֮£繫˵ӦǼõġֻҪ棬ͿԱͷһڡݡ״̬ҩЧľߣԻᱻѣʱֻҪһߣʱųá
׿Ӧʣ˵ʵ֣ΪѰ
ֻ˵ûмҲ֪ȥҵ
˶ʱĬֻתϣǿȦתˮ૵ֻһµʱôҸȥĶҵף
ʧģ׿Ӧеģ뿪ڰο־ƺ˵ʲôͽ͡
ƢջؿŴһͷʾȥ˵
θ߳䣬ŤͷѹŭôͷҪǺһϣ춼УĨǷҪ˵
ϣԽ󣬽ʧͻԽ󡣡ֹڴһĹġСǲ죬ִ
ϷУ˵㲻ϣڰеһө⣬ûˣٲǵ꣬ȷǷⱨɥûô͵ҲСǺҪֽҲһˡ
صúܺãЦŭͬһ㣬ȴҲ̲סƵģȦź죬ǿģ˿ʹ
һůĻ£סͷº͵ͷԵ̫Щ£ϲϣҡһмޣֻŹϧǰ
˱ۣͬƽŮ֮ӵ˴š⣬ܱҪƾܣȴԷιڻС
ûܡ䵭һŮ޶ҲֵøõŮˡ
Ϊ⣬ƽž޲˫һ˿ִ֣õġ

ΣѾˣҲᵶᰮ
Ҳϲ㡣
Цһɲ
죬ô
Ը̵ĵˣҪİ취ḧͷԵҲ㽲Ϊ鰮һ±޵ɽ˭ûϵˡ
ˣһŶϣ˳ƿӣ㻹ִôԼ
ңȽϣֱ󣬱ֱ䣬·𷽲Ǹˣ˲֮¸̸⺢ۣڳˣ㲻öԴͨͯķʽԴһó̫СҪ޼ǹֺǻ
˵ؿһۣתϷȥ
վԭشΣŷӦܻĵʲô֮¸̸û̸
̫ˣǱǣűߣ
лҪ˵
ǵģ˫ҿ֡


72 
ƺԱ֮ʱ, ںիĴϡ
ιµ˵նչüбģгƿ, Ҳû, ֻǴ˵Ա⸮ų⼸ҪҪ̸, ١
Աļ֪䱾ԣҲδԡ
һֱԪ¥ի˴, ûɰҪλͣʪһƬ, 屻ҩߵߵȴ磽⣬һѱȴһֱûȥĹġ
ιҹȥʱۿѾ־, Ž˰̧ϣô˱ߡ
ιΪʲôĵ£δҸɰ, ֻ곤۸ι˵ˮں֮ǰȱ
ˡƺιһͷ, ˳˸ڴߡ
һƤȥʱеľս
ιЦͷӦģӦ, λүæСĳȥˡ
վſ, ĿԪ¥ĴţŰ᷿Ź, صƺԱߡ
Աȣۣǰðѩɽ쵽ſ죬ȡ
ƺһ˦ͷȥŵѪ
һšġ
Ķģƺһ˼ܵģŵѪ
ҲУͳذףŰɵعȥ
Ա̶߳ЦˣȻȶ̣Ѫ粻ͨͰͨͨ
ţҰɣ
ԱоиԼԣΪҪɰ󣬼Ϊѵزߴգ˭֪һ̣м֮εڻһָָֻ⣬۵ʱһɤӽ˳
ԱӵĻ类ʹ˸һֵҪŤͷǡ˭Ρչüأ
ƺЦеؿѪȻãžˡ
һԱ⣺˭סδ
ҡҡƾʲô㣿Աɫ죬ŴҪչü
ƺһʹɫ⣬ͷסԱһֻ֣ৡֵָֻҲѪӡ
˫ֱѾãҲѹͳѪ⼸Ӹȥñͱһǵݣƽʹ٣ѪҺʱ
ԱɱشУ˵˵ҡ;ססǶλүšҰɣǮҶ𡭡
ƺЦһУӻá飬ƿ
Աⱻ˹泯ϣֱѹ£ƼΪܡ
Ǳһƿһζʶһӣ˼ʪĲһƬü
үóɶˣǺǶġ
ﶺȻӿ
ҡͷ˰ɣһҾϹˡ
ƺ˹شӻͳһСʯӷڴߣһţƤס
鿴ʯӶ֪Ҫʲôµؿһһۡ
ﵭʣôʶҵģ
͡ı֪ҲйףԱ֪ĳƺ
ԱֵѹԼ˫֣¶ܵҪգգۣװ֪ʲô
ӴϲܣܸװɵƺƤԱǴݡһʯӶ˹ȥ
ﲻԼͬһнȡ
Աʱȷǵø˼֣ˣס֣ס֣
ƺŶȣЦЦ˵˵
ԱڴڵشŴ۵Ŀɢ˲ϴ𻰡
һɣƺڶʯӡݡһֵ˹
ǰӲͷƺ˹ûϵдʱġ
ԱֻƵڴϴͦԼ̫ȥûС
ĬĬͬʱתǡ
ʻ£ǹĥ
̶ѹƵسһڣʣҳˣ
ϻô
۰ͰͳңҲеšεҲû£ҪڲڣԼˣҲʵʵ˵ˡ
ˣǳѣöӲһ١Ļͷ˼ۣ˵ƺಡ˺üʯӹȥԱ໽еøƵģۿҪˡ
׻ʳУƺ֣ͣ˵ʣļʯӣ̺Ƶţʲôѱ߬˵
úˡġҰɡԱ۵ǰڣòһµҼһŮҪͬ⡭ͬȥȥٸġΪҡҾ͡ҡҸæ
ƺţûٶչüʲô
ԱƴҡͷûУûУҾǡǰܸ¡ҡ޹أ

ǳ׿ӦзԼķѾʰˣ˴ݸҩ
״ã⼸ע⣬˶ڻܺõøЩҩ鲼ˣ˿׷ףϵĺáҾŻ磬˰ġ
׿Ӧеǲںûа̣ءšһͷ˼ԥһ²ſڣô˰̣ǰǲǳ˺ܶࣿ
ŹүʿİãȻࡣҩ䣬Щƺ˷²ΣÿζǱƤΣǰλܳһӻһαҩʳڵʵûȳ֮ģ͸ʮ˲һƵģʮѣڴһ²µء
أǺ˰ۣҲ˻ûãֻҪ񣬾ǰ塣үָʱû취֪ˣǵȥʱ浣ģôߴʵһˣﶼͿˣŪһ˵¾͵¡
࣬ᵽƺ˵⣬ͲԾɸӣһ̧ͷײ׿ӦеǵĿ⣬˴˿˹ϵѾͬѰʱһʲôСԶʧ
Լ˵ҲʵҲѰοˣ˿촽˶ҲֲĻɴ಻˵ˡ
׿Ӧпһźοûϵ˽ҲãԺ֪ôչˡ
Ҳԣ˵ġ룬ǰȱסˡ
ε½֮Ҳٻ۸ҾʹҸɽˮĵطӣúõ塣׿ӦһߴһߵֻҪڣܻġ
ЦһȷܹԹԸӣ
׿Ӧϵֺضסؿ˻
ëϿ첻ֺƤһӺȻһ״׼򣬶ԸһӴΪӱزصعӣ˵ȥ췣̾˵ŲٸϻʵʵϵǵֶǱ߽ա˻ǻǣҶǣϽ׹
׿Ӧһ˰ΣŵıһʱɲҰҲðߡ
ҵˣȻҪš
ˣˡ
ҩ׿ӦеƺľɷεʱǰѽӺԺתƵǰԺĴѰһѰ
չüѺĲ׾ٵҵ˷ϸز˲ҳϣȥǰѽ
ֻϧԺﵽɨøɸɾ˼۶˵û׿Ӧб˼ţ֪òιһ䣬֮ݾߣǳ
ǰѽƺģ˳֣úܣʵڲôʧˡ
֪ߵԪ¥׿ӦһٵĽŲԼæתű㱻һůĻС
ϴϤϢղŲȫƽ
磿׿Ӧ°͵ļϣԪ¥ſվŵΪɫ죬·ʲôĪľţˣ
ƺȻԱĥðԶһ޴йԪ¥һǸǣӰվڲԶһͻӿͷۿȣ붼ûͳȥ§ڻ
ô뱣ˣȴǻסöԷίˣ붼Լûá
šˡƺһѹסװ°ɿ֣ˣͲסʻܿ˵ˡ
Σ
ǿǺ͡ˡԵʻļһŮʶһȥ˸飬˫˫ܣ͡ģҪǮҪȥٸᰴūΪ
ƺǣ׿Ӧе֣߱˵֪չüţץסᣬ˺͡죬ȴٳ˺ȥٸ¡ѾѽȥԺ³֮˸͡ȥ
׿Ӧ룺չü֪£᲻ץ˽ᰱȺ͡
ܣȥ̽
׿Ӧлͷۣ̬ɾ㤣ȥ·Ҳе֣ӡ
ҲǼ̷ˣƺĸһͱҲ顣
ôˣ˹Ƶġ׿ӦʵԱôˣ
䣬оƺٿս֣ټϷŴͻӵ׿ӦöԷ֪ࡣ
磬û
ƽ٣ҪǶϸұһˡһƽҲܲƺԼд״ι´˰ȥٸ
ʻʵúܿ죬ôãΪԱдЩС
վվȣֻܹſڵϣѪֶ߶£òסʣֻҪһͣǼںϵĵͻһѹƵԼǰΪȫ֮ڡ
д֮ƺָϿҪϵ˿°ǿѪӡ
׿Ӧвţֻ
ƺ˶٣ԥҡˡ
Աд֮󣬿д״ƺ಻סʹţߵ˳Բסʹ˹ȥ֮Ȼһ̲࣬ȵҲ췦
׿ӦΪʲôɫ죬޷Ƕʹͬܰˡ
áƺЦЦɵзڣֻ˱͸͹٣ϴʵǸϰ壬ƽҲûʲô£ҲӦһȥٸ
ƺǰ˵Ϊ֪׿Ӧô룬˿Լһ£ͷģͷɹ̹ᣬԱ˵ϰҲٸ˲ӣ¶ͽڣôȸ棬¹졣
磬֪ңΪɱˡ׿Ӧͷ֣صСϸ֮ǰ˵öԣѱ˵ĴԼɱ
£ͫ峺͸Դһ֮ƺ˫鶯۾΢΢һЦ˵ͷš
׿Ӧ죬תתѸһܣûˣͻȻţƺһڣллҳ
˵Щ˼Ҫװ£ϧƴƭĿǧ
ƺ⸱ģȻ٣޲ð˰ڻ׵ôϧյģ˾ֻ촽ѹסͷ궯ͷ׿Ӧжߵôл̫˰ɣ
ءҪ㲻ϲĻ׿ӦгգգۣǾ˻ɡ
˻˰С꣡ƺεЦĶû㻻ҩûУôȥϢܳʲôŲˣ
үһˣҲۡҵǰѽ챻ιεʱϡ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵׿Ӧл䣬Զιµ
ӣ׿ӡι߹˸ҾƺԱѾȥٸˣ֪ʲôԸ
ƺ׿Ӧһۣе彣֪չüȥˣĻ鷳ι°æѰһѰ
ιɫЦСһ׮ζ¾õģѰһѽǼ򵥵úܣȥ졣
׿Ӧ׵ι£ҵˣ͵ҷбá
ιһ֣·֮£׿ǧ
Ե׿Ӧ֮ǰѽι޴ɷţⶪ˿ⷿ˿ֱ̾ȥȡյĹ򣬾Ž׿Ӧз⡣
ȣ᷿ҲŴ͸ߵǰι±˶˽̸
ƺôڻ𣿡
׿Ӧлصɣ´ࡣ
ǱãҵĽǱжˡƺ͸졣
ιŲһ٣վ£š
ģ׿Ӧоϲ
ƺѹţȸǱϢͨǻϣ˶࣬ҲòǶ֣ʱֻɱ˹߾С
׿Ӧ˷ܣ̫ˣ˱һ׮¡
ţҲñ常иˡ
˱߶߶֮룬ι¼ǻ˻⣬ҲٶŽ˽ȥ֮Ѹ뿪
׿ӦŽ´һ飬ûʲô˴ŷģ˿Сزá
ƺؿڴͷϸһ󣬷ˡ
˵𣿡
ŲţͶˡ
Ҳ֪տܻܲҪǶչüſ˵ǺĵǿɺĲ𡣡׿Ӧ硣
ƺ죬һ
׿Ӧ̧ͷضĿϸϸܵϹһȦƬ̺ƺʲôûȿ꼰ɣ
лҪ˵
ҽȶ̡Ѫ粻ͨǸ˼Ϲ˵Ūġ


73 
ƺ׿Ӧв³, һ㶣漴ЦˣУԽԽˡ
׿ӦС۵ʣߵƺ, 彣, Ҫʲô, Ҫһȥһˡҵڣ
Ȼƺ쳤첲סֽ, ǰһֱǼűǼ, εҶˣԺ󲻹ʲôҶ뿪ҵߡ
׿ӦгĽë˲, ǹ𣺡⻹ࡣǰʲôɽ𺣣ҶҪһԡ
ƺһ£ĺ󱳣һƹϥ, һ̧׿Ӧвϡ
׿ӦкӡĴ, ѽһؿļ򣺡꼱ϾɺϤĲҪ𣿡
, Ȼ˱˵Ķ飬ӦҪס, ȻԼǷǵûסߣ˳־˺͡, ÿǷһΣҲԴΪ̸С뿪ɣһû˺󻼣Ūϼƥ·
ȣ׿Ӧеƫͣڻһƺʶز˲Ķͷõۣչüù߹Թţ˵ҲйҪĺôʲô
Ūɰ֮⡭ǲô
ԣչüʲô֣Ȼù߾ãܰȥ߲˳ֳͷ󻼣õԼҪĶһáƺʣҲҪʲôֻ϶չüУûɲ
׿Ӧ΢΢ͷ⵹Ҳǣһ·׷粻ͷˣʦɰƽҰܶҪ£Ȼϣٸں滵ĺ£޲þ˽˵ص飬վ䡣
Ǽ˸̥ȤƺƫƫͷĿ׿Ӧеķϣע⵽һɵǣҵľɷôϻûá
׿Ӧֱ̧׳ûȻӣ㻻֮һֱءô㻹ˣ
ƺֿ˻Ȼ⣬ôڼּңǸӵˡ
ϻǮֲܴϵ׿Ӧʮ꺬ǮĹ۵ӣ̾˿
ͷҾͰеӶҡƺ׿ӦеĶ䣬û˵꣬ͱһˡ
ϣģŴţվڴĵؿǣűƵſ߽ڶ˾ˣҲһײ
㡣׿ӦεشƺֱԷڴ¡
ţˡƺȻؿ磬ҿ߼ֻͰۣ
֣׿ӦеϵššƺĴȣӵɵԲ
ƺ˿ڣа˰ɣøĿˡ
׿Ӧ룺С
ۣŹӰɣ
ϻ˵ιж𣿡
ƺ׿ӦлصԺʱϷкߵĶ
ιһԺӣҲ쵽ˣ뿪ԶԶ׺ȥ
Բߣ뿪֮õصǰԺתתȥǱ߰˵г˵ܶչüȥ˳չüˮӦǶЩ£Ǽȥˡ
ƺ˼ţŶ
ɵֻ͵һ仰չüţ
ŲţһҪȥѰĥҼǲɱҲԵͷƺ˵չüлһĨ⣬˳ٶ࡮͸¶һϢ֡
棺Ҫʲô
ƺϾѶѣ˼ǣȻ˳Ļͳˡ
ҡ緭˸ۣſڿӡ
׿Ӧ룺չüһУҪ꼸ϣµľˮܰͷ룬ԲŰ˺͡ƿ꼳֡꼲мƣܰͷӼͣǶչüеıաֻˮܶм·̣ܰͷҲô죬չüҪľʱ䡣ֻҪܰͷѾ·ϣ㲻ţҲҶģҪֵģ磬ôİɣ
ƺʵûô࣬񷽲˵ģ˶չü׻پ͸¶ʲôϢ
û뵽׿Ӧתô죬˵İ취ҲãΪѵ̬ǧʮá
֪ߣҲƺüЦṴ˹׿Ӧе°͡
׿ӦЦҾ֪Ȼмƻ
翴ˣ˷ǲոƺҲûţĿӡ࣬оԼҪһԡСϹۣʿɶֹɣ䣡
ˣҲˣƺһ⣬߻ȥ
ҾͲȥ籧˫ۣļƻ©չüĿǿ꼣֣ܲʲô壿
ѡ׿Ӧеôأ˼ݣֻҪҸݼٰˣڣϱȻᴩ
ƺ⻰üЦüôýôƽʱ㲻Ҳͦģôշɵ
Դ緹󱻴ôһӾͺرһŽȷʵеתƺһʱ߳ŭɵֲΥͣҪҲپ
ƺЦؿ֪ĿŲһߡ
ҹжʲôԼʰãȻ˵ǰԴڿϣҸϣǵԴúôڲϡƺɫΪ࣬ϵʱ÷Ǳ׿ӦпŶһš
紹۽ޣ˵ͷ
ƺЩ̬صģǱҶˣȥתү˴жҪĿǾȳͬ͡ʱзŹЯɰ뿪Ա׷ƻ˳С˴ȥ߱Ȼ뽫ȫԱɱϣڹ˺ø԰ȫͬʱù߲ǹģִԼաʲô𣿡
ûСƽˣжʱҲĬټƺ̬ȣѾŵһߣȥ
ţƺһߵ׿ӦУȻУ˯һɣԺҰڵ¿Σ⡣
׿ӦлûӦƵת䣬ЩͣŶ
ȥչüƺ°ѥѵŵװ˿ڰúúõģûѪҲģ̧ͷʵˣʲô뷨
ƺѥ׿ӦһʱЩŤֹȴûܳɹôʣһңҲŲСϸӳħƣֻҪܾܶСǽ½ˣº󿴿ôɡҾðˮܰͷҲǸ취
ƺһ˼⣬ͷţġ
׿ӦоԼӣ˯ֲƺֻùԹڴϣԼǺñӡ
ȥȥ ƺ׿Ӧжͷһǡ
׿Ӧס󣺡ҳģŸһʶ
ƺЦЦţġ
Ȼô˵׿ӦĿȥǾ˵ıӰеɱڡ

չüһУ˿Щ㲣۽һƬϣ˫ֱǰ۾ǽǡ
Ͽƽι¼ٽιˮ͸¶Ǽ仰ʮֽơ
ƺ̫Ϊֺ֣ʵչüֻ׿Ӧаƺٹ͸¶ߵмùԼɱţԼҲʡʡġ
רϹһ򾡣һ˴ȸĿȨӴȴ󻼡
ƫƫû뵽Լֻܱ緭̣ɾȻа֡
Цõǣҹںһչüŷ֣ŵġ֡ȻһֱҪҵĴȸ
һѾæģڻĪĴȸĿһԸչüʱζӳ£ⲨԼòԩ
֣Ҳܿó꼲ڣҲ̫ҶԼº֣ҲܰͷľЭ
ʵڲ񽭺ʿչüҲû뵽Լˣ˸ָǾȻôסѵֵǰ棿
Լеš
ȸˮΪͶͬжԼһ˺Ʊʾʧȥ塣
Ҫȥϲ·ߣܰͷǾ鷳ˡ
ƫƫԼǸץˣӶԲ߾޷ʩչ
ι¹飬ڴȸ˸֮ʱԼ˷䣬װŲȡںͳŵΣɻϢ
ҲιһֱٵߣչüʮΡ
նչüİ취ſԼԴȥʱŶУҲ˶Թߵĳŵ
ͬʱιǰͨ籨ţ˼úֳ˴֮󣬺һټ
ȻռȻ
Ƿι¾Ȼ˵ȸƺҵɴΪһԼͳӣôˣ
ҲԷʹթȷʵ䲻𣬶չüȥѾ˾ʹɱﵵ˼
˼֮ʱ񷿵ˣ̧ͷȥֽƺ
չüձץʱһΪƺԼϾĥû뵽˾˳סһҹû¶档
ɸȸһޣѹǴʱ֣
ôֻСˣˣչüĿƺŵѵӹбɱңҿ׵ظ㣬ߺͬһطܾȳûңҲߣ
ôżƣˣ
ƺ䶢ߵǰڵűɱ⣬͵̧𵶡
չüʶر۾ͷһƬհףе绮ৡһһɣסͻضϿ
ŵؿ˿Լָɵ˫̧֣ͷƺҪң
۵һƺһѵǰЦ԰ֻҪùҡ
˵תߵſڣͷƵؿŶչüһ˦ͷطС־ͳ
չüֻһץǰѵ˳ȥ
Ժվȸ£ȫض
ôˣչü˿ĭƺʲô˼
ƺĵн˲Ц̫ˣǾֻ֤ҪܴӮңǻ١
չüƺĻͷǰѵӷɿתţҵ֮˿µɳӣ˼ɳȥƺۣԼƾһѵӳٵʤж
Ŷζ˵ãҲƾȭŴ¡ƺôηηţˣ
չü΢΢һЦ𣿶ûáǵģȻãҸ̫ԿĳӲ
ƺ˫ָ󣬲δ𻰣ֻǶؿɫ
ұ޳ԹҲ˹ߵǮ¶ѡµȻǱһûҪչüԹԵǳɴ粽УǴȸµİӣΪһԸҲʱ㣬һҲȹֻ̣ҪҵˣǱضתǹͷʰǡ
ǲ϶ʬ廹ңϽ뿪ɣұǽȸ޺֮ǡˣһԽһҪȥĵط㣬׷ȥǣ˵ҵ˵ϳ˵ǸӺ㣿
ʱѽ΢Ժдƺ˶չüҳһŵĽᡣԽԽԼⷬԳŰһƺûеӦ
ζ̴ÿ湻ôΪĳ룬ҶҪжˡ˵ͳ˳紫չüĶ޶һ
ߣֻϧ㾹ȻԼʸּۻۣ


74 
ƺչüϻ, ̧ȥǵ纬ѹһһҹŭ⣬޲ȡǰ˵ͷ
չüҪģֻ̧ȥ, 顱һ, , ʱԼǰ˵Ķ֡
ĳ棬˵Ǵ, ˵ѹ
չüȻȥƺѵģȫ
ƺҪ׿Ӧг, ҪöչüҪǰȫˣ°, ȰѶչüķ˴룬鷢ڿƮƮͬɻһ㣻ڲеĹ, ʱʱϼɴѾò, ¶󱳵
£Ա߹ۿЩȸͻȻЦ
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ʵ̫ʲô, Ǹˣ
ԣˣǴˣ
չüһֱƣӦ˿ؾŵ, ãȻؿܣϧǰ, ǼָָģֻЩ̱ĳЦһͬһ㣬Щ׵¡
չüʲôҷˣø㽻бµĻǮѽ
һҵĶӣҵԱ⸮ˣҲԼ
С棬ʲôʸҴ죿ֱΣ򣬸Һݺݵش򣡴˾ӵȥû
ˮаǶȥʮΣлᡣ
ǶЬ䣬֪Ķ
죡죡չüܣȻЩԹߣ·ؾٵ
Ǽ˲Ų֣Цš䡱һɢ
ƺȥһסչüĺ󾱣ϻԺӵУܲסˣΪӲһĥ˵ʱû죿
չüŵצţ㡭ΪЩûܹô
ƺһŵС߳һࣺܹҪҲζǧλΪתͷˣ
һ֪չüŻһѪԵŵվؿƺһӵܣҲûܹɣͲһȨЩһ£ǧϣǰװʲôߣ
ƺĵؿȷΪΪַֻŻԼˣԼıоҽڣ
ǷãǷչüĵۡһӣôɱҰߣ˵ùûʣɴڣ㲻ɱ֣ǲԸȸ´̽ߵ䣬װˣֲϵͷα
չüģһߵƺǰս˿켥֡αӣʲôʸ񡭡ң
ƺһסĲӣյߣҧҲɱǲңǣֻ뿴ܰͷʲôֶζԸ㡣֣ӦñҾʵö࣡
⻰չü۾ٿ󣺡㡭ġ
Լ뷨ˣʵڴˣƺɿ֣Ƶú˼ҲĵڵϣЦؿŶչüҽ㣬û뷨һ١
˵գƺͻس֣չüϮȥչüܲʵʵشţԴֹʹǶˣǶȵĴζҺ塣
һȭĸоȷűԴĸоöˣƺϣԼȷʵеαӣ֪Ͳǰѵֱȭͷк
չü˿̺޻ֱ֮ڵƾƺŹ
ƺ׿Ӧһˣ󱳵Ѫģ÷ιӶۣһ󾢶ûչüкֱһƬڵȻ֡
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ƺƿڵ֣޺޵ؿ۵ϱһϢĶչüվ˻ã
Աһ˻ˣôˮܰͷ̸У
ƺ̻ͷˣ֣ڳˡ
ϴʱǱ飬ƺһͷ
չüѾƺ׳˸ͷҲţûУ˿꼵֣Ƿ۾һ죬վԼǰˡ
ɫȻֻһɫۣΪأŲŭʣѰٰܹģ˳ɾǿ꼱ˡ
꼵ĿԼɨչü̱͵˫ۣװ²ʡ
ƺװȲˮܰͷʲôʱܵ
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ִ磬͡湻ùġ׿Ӧû뵽꼾˹飬
˵ǣȥƫܡҲΪĶŮ˽飬ôȸȥðաдʣȸˮƽദãһֵĶչüѾ£ܰͷɣûҪΪһˣĽ顣
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ӨӨ£ıʻһֻè˵Ƕ˿ɰ
ƺ׿Ӧбò˼תһߡ
֮ǰǿ꼳֣˼ٰ꼣ƭöչüȥߺͺ͡ǶǽƾͼƣֻܿǿĶʲôţһ֪ʱ㴦ڱˡƺҲȥȥᰵ䣬ʵǽ⣬ſҹιµж˳ϣôӰ۲ǵļƻ
׿Ӧ룬ͷŲ꼣Ҳһʯİ취뿪٣ȫԱ
ԣǱҪķֱֻϧ̫٣ĲҲֻЩƺЦµԭĴӲϾȸЩµĹϡƽڿЩ鷳ڸ֪ǵԱţ֧ӵĹ˵ãܾסܳȥţǾ͹һˡ
Ӳ׿Ӧɻؿⲻ̫ô
ƺε̾˿û취ֻˣڻˣýȥĻͺáʲôȥ
׿Ӧ˵һ룬ͻߵ߹Ӵϳһǳŵװ
緹ʱڽ̸бҲŲǶɸ꣬ЩװĺãүԼЩȥ˵ġ׿Ӧаڵϣͷ۾ģ㿴ûá
ƺϲһȥϽʵʵȡһڣЦУǸ


75 ƻ
ι´ӹŶչüĲг, ضԱ߿صҾλүѾնεҩ˵ϡ࣬Ѿ˯ˡ֪ǷбķԸ
һ, һû, Ҫٽ㡣
ϣιЦݿ, Ժߵʱ򻹳ſڵ֣λү, ʲô¾ܿڡ
Щ䵭ιҲԼ˼ҵƨϣųԺ, ֱ·ߵ£ֱǰߡ
صԼд˴Լһʱֳţ߱
ЩСȫԼûҳ, ƽһϾַǷԺӣ˿ǻҰسŵƽʵĸô˿̺ѹѹһƬֻ·ʯﻹŵ, һտԺӸ
ûעԼι½ŲҴҵص˲ŷ, ԼмҪȥҩץҩǣƥһϱ㼲۶ȥ
Ȼ֪, ԶӰѸ׺ʩչṦ, ŲմءϢ١

ɽɽ, һԻԺƻͨԺվ߰˸ˣСԺصͬͰһ㡣
Ժǽһ¿һˣȫë棬һһԻѵĹϣȻǺ͡
Ա߲ԶװĶţһѵأһվţ޽̸Ŀ⾼ɨΧ
ߵ滤³ߵ˸ǰʵΣ
һָؿһֱ˯ţ
³ں͡ߣǿ۾˿䷭ŰۣȷʵǻԵ״̬ͷúÿţܱ߶ʱ㱨
һ񣬹ǣ
³ֻ꣬һ滤ǰһſڣַڼ˽ݣ̧ͷ˹ȥ
һаá³
΢΢ͷšʱʱ鿴ܴ⡣ǰսƻǱ뱣־衣
³ϻһ˿ɻ󣬵ԥδ˵ڡ
ע⵽ı飬ʲô뷨˵
⻰ǰ΢΢³ҡҡͷ³ˣͷûʲô
߶㵱۾Ϲ˵
³һᣬ׵ֻŲˡ
ΪΣɰѾװ˴պϣȥô㲻˵û𣿡
ǣȷû⡣
ǵҲźˣ
ǰոһ֧Сӣȫ˴ϡ
߶ϲ豭һڣ⻹ʲôĵģ
Ҿնεǡ³üƻˣСڽɰѾ֣ǲ羡뿪ֻΪ˲Ŷðգֵ̫á
չüǣҲ˹ԸҲô󣬶˵ɰ䣬Һöչü飬˸ȥŽǿƿ꼾ܾǶΣҲǿéʯͷȻܺǲЩʯɨɾ
չüȻʵǸˣԼ׬ǮĻᡣֻҪǰ꼣ΪѿأʱҪɰ練ˡڳţֻͷѡ
³ǣ˵ᾡжΪʲôڶûжǸô죿
ꣿ˭ꣿ߹ЦѴȸˣԼҰͷչüҪǳ꼣ʱľԼֻһ·ֻȥڵԮֻΨһѣ
˼ǲܡ³׵ڿ˴˽֯Ƚϵĺӿɿ
ߵͷˡ
ֻ¡һźʹȸͬʱ֣ǻҪڴ˵صã
תϵİָ˼ͿչüıˣҪǴĻȻͬʱ̤塣Ҳɳڻһ׷ţû´Ļߡ
ʱ⴫潫չüˣ
³ʹ˸ɫ³⣬߹ȥţ
ι¼˳³ſڵǰգΡΡ˸ҾṦ򣬷һ·۳ǣϰɽ˿۵˫ȷЩ˵ϣսս
³߸ǰιһ¹ݻޣáͨһڵأСİݡݼ
߼Է⸱ηηģʮֱģ˭ʱأ
СΣٵĹ¡ιµͷЩ⡭
СԺ⣬˶˰أҲ߶ȻǷС
ⶢţҹȥ
鵣ĵصʵԺֵôѣʵΣ̫Σˡ
ԽԽǵºڡ˵һСģܳʲô£㶼¶ǡ
磬ҡ
飬Ҳöһˡ
ļݵشϻȥʧС
ŵضСԺߣһﲻ֪׽һֻǣɹע⣬һ˲ķ̴Ժķ
Ժȷʵƻͨݼȴղݼڵ˷ϡ
Žҿߣȥι˵˶չü˿̵
Ϊ˸ˮܰͷ棬һǲ֪СĸӵĹϵСȥźҩӱصСšι¶߶µ˵ԭڳ׷ŵǴȸҲ֪ʲô𣬴˿̾ΪѣֶԸӡҲ»һ򾡣
ι⻰üͷչ૵ҲµùȻûߣĴǵ㸾֮ʣҪǡҲգһæ
⻰ﲻü˵ȸָ˭һֱҪֹǵĳң
˵˵ɣչüļƲʲô
ιæ׵Ϊ꼣Ѿ̽һڴȸֻҪųŮӽᰵϢҪЮҪõö࣡
⻰¶ζЦݣôֵܶ˻ϲͬһŮӣˣ鰮ū

ٺԺһʱǰ
׿Ӧ䷿һ᷿ߵһ䣬ȥ߲˼ٵΧǽݺҲûдƺϢһȷԼ䷿Ĵȸֻ᷿ſڡ
ֻ˽ЩҪľֲλãϮһС
װڣֻҪܸȡϵǾͷˡ
ƺݶҿһƬߣⴵڡ
ЩÿΪ˱ⴰֽӳӰӣ׿ӦֻܶſڣϸֱЩ˵жƺѷ硣
Ǵӷϴģ̧ͷ˿δ쳣ֻѰУû⡣
Ƭ̣ȻӦŴĻüҲ˼ƺһһظ
׿ӦӭȥеΣ
繫ӷУүڸһ䣬ſҲ˰ءƺˣǱˣүǴҲˣԺҲӦˡ
ǸӣСϸҲܶǶԷǱ߻ήͷ׿Ӧ룬ǿ϶Ժ֣ԷӦõͻƿڡ
˵ţƺЩ죺˵а취ǵ¡
׿ӦüҪʲôôΣգ
ǸӰƺ̾
ٴ⡣׿Ӧеһۡ
ƺڨЦģͳһҲͽ
䣬洫Ŀ޺
˾ˣ˾ˣϴǰޣУҪס
ۡţ쿪ţҪˣУ
ſڵʮԥ
󵱼ҶŹƶˣȻʵʵڷЩСɶ˵˳ŵ䷿ȷʵиˣ׸Ǻã
ɲڼ䣬űҵɽ죬Ҫˣ溢ӿ޵Խ˺ѷΣʯĳҲ⶯ݡ
ο滹ƺֵһǲǱˣӿ޳ܣŵΨһˣĿɹ¶ȸĶʲô˵һζûУѵǲǵģ
ݵĻõţ죡ʲô£
·ƽ˵ˣƺᣬ쳤ϣԸ˵ʲô˵ʲôбǽҷϣ
׿ӦһԳͣԼҲͰˣ˴˵乫ǻʵ϶Ҳ˰Ե磬Щ˸ںαظǷϻ
˵ƺȷ࣬˵˵Ż
ƺ̵ĵУȥţǺġ
ȸǼù⣬ƽӲΪЩҲǰѵģˮǰƤ˿̱ƺһ˵Ҳﲻϲ£ίġ
Ǳƺҵø𾢣쵰쿪ţҪǾôˣǵĶ֣һźӺͲˣܵȥţǽ˾Ѿûˣ
ŵһɵҪȥһۣ
һΧԼһؿߣ˶࣬ȷʵ޿֣С
˵Ŵ˺ȥǶ㡣
õͬӦ󣬷תһε̬໥һͷƿš
һĿֻǰȴ·˿ӣ
⺢Ӽֱಡһ˷϶дӳȥһ׷ȴǴţͣ˽Ų
Ŵŵ˽ſڵʵʵһѵסļȵȥ
ţ棺Ҿ˾˿Ҫˣôȥˣ
д˾˵ܲãʵڵ鲻λͿ⺢ӵϣҹȥ
ҲǳΪѣǱߵ顣
ǳɣһסǰĸ첲ļٵȥǲƭǣ
⻤Ҳûбģߵǰͷ˿ϵıϢĻ̽̽Էɫһݡ
ߵ⣬ԼͬȷʵǶˣ
һǾִޣģҾ˾˲ǷŴȥһоȣ
Ҳڵһʤ߼λʯĳ
ӣͰ͵λ磬ˣǾҾ˾һҸǹ¡
ͨһڵأС޵Ͱ͵ģ۾׳˺ң˭˶ϧ
֮ģ㽫Ŵ򿪣һ˰ԴȥԣˣУ
ԱţؿŴ
űߵҩ䣺ֻҩ䣬
ҴææţΪ̫żż˸ֲظоСɳǰɹֻҹ࣬û⡣
æϷߣҲģȻǰ
Ϸſڣһ£˸Ž棬Ҳδ飬ƺһϵĲϡ
ϺŹ֮󣬴ûʩѨλϼ˼֧룬οģû£һͺˡ
绳ʵص˵ͷ
߻ûͣƺֿʼڡ
ֻˡһӰϺĴֽ˺ƣ󺰵үүвԾǷˣܹܲ
ƺǱߵĸԴˣһ˳ƺʲô֣ˣУ
˭ĸֵ֣˵ˣǶҲ֪ԭúõģ⼸ʱڷ÷ˣƺҪץդεûֱ죬Ҫֵи̣ҪǸᣡ
վԱߵһһ˵ǸҲܹˣղ˵ȷʵ̫ԣҪ
˵ʱִĴָŹ˹ʾ൱ԣһʱ˼εаɣôˣҲӲСԺȥ
һתͷʾ⣬˱㽫һդƺ־ҿ
ƺ̧˫֣ͷûñҪģɣ
һţٴȫƺȫûǣȥ
ʮּɵƺҲŵֵܣĶ˽
׿Ӧڴϣɫ죬˫Ŀգë΢΢ţ̬ʮ㡣
ƺĵߣ֣û¶һôү㡣
Ŀȫƺϣûע⵽ŵķŶ棬ͻȻһֱֱۣ׹ȥŴ㽫Ͻ˷


76 
ĲóŲ, һʮСԺΧס
ƺںɽġӡЩеһԱ
Щ˱ȸ£սǿ, Ը, ǿֵ
ֻЩ˳ڱȦڴȸĵ, ѵ࣬ʵս, ץ˻УҪǸŶȫ, ǲ˺ţЩͶѾ·硣
˿ƺĸѾúƷŵ, Ա飬࿿˯
Ϸеˣ˴ġö, һֵ²ԡЧҩΪжвݾ߶ƵģŽݵ, Ǳۼֿŵġ
鵽ڶ˳ֻƺ΢ƴſڵĲ, ˡ
Ժ⣬Ժ, ֻԺ⼸᷿ǡһнǣֻܿǼ䷿, 䡣
ŴȥϷ䣬Ժڵ֪ģԲû⣬ֻոջеԺӣ˿̾Ȼ࣬ʱ
Ժڵ򵥴˸кԺȥ̽һ
˸չսԺУ㱻˴ӱˣͬʱԺˣֵڲ鿴˭֪ŤͷȥԱϡಡö裬ػǾ࣬˱ȥ
һƺʹԺ˽ȥ漴һ߻ܣһ˽Ժ

΢Сһ᷿ڣ̨ĿһĮȴʮֲһȥꡣ
磬治̲סʣŶչü˵Ҫ㣬ҿȥΪʲôӦʣȦҲ°
ɱ۾ش⣬ŷ·˶Ƶġ
ڼӵļ򣺡ˮܰͷס𣿵ǲǾЭ˵ǰв¶˿ɲ٣Ҫµ˼չüռϷ磬򣬺ƹչüΪǾͱˡ
֪Ȧ׻ҪͲ꼱۵һʱƿأȫ䣬ʱִΣ
ƣһƨǰ֮һѹ٣òңһŵÿ꼻ۡ
ϳŲˣû˵Ƕһ֮
꼿һƽ֪ͣƺΪͶԵûӦָʹҲԸżֵɼȻѾվڶϣȰ㻹ǲҪ¡
ӺףָʹΪʲôһҪֹǣɱ˹ߣսҿҲô˴ֵˣ˵ףӦܶ
ǰû˻ôǡ꼵ɽΪ߶ƺб꣬˿̱һȻҵƴһҳ͢һֱΪɽͬӣûҪΪ͢ȫ֡ǵľǵҪҵöࡣ
ڶؿſ꼣Ƭ̺ŵԼɣҲһȥͿƲסԼȥΪѩ˱ɣ
֣ϼɲػһ˿ɫ۾ٶ˵ֻ˫ϥϵ֣޷Կص
磬ѩѾˡͻȻ
ҧҧ͵֪
Ҳ˵ǰЩӡڶſ꼵˵ǰжǻѾˣԼģҪߡ
סڣ
ҲĹִẦˣ
ܲˣߣ꼵ͫз·ȼ˻
ںãţЦɫ˿ӰҪߡ
꼲ŵؿ
ʮսʮ롮ᡯʮɣѾʮˣȴû׵ĴúɽҲһػĺɽڵĿǲƷôǿӲһ˿ź֪ԼܻãǿԹˣǮҲ׬ˣȥתת˵ҲҸϲ˹һ
ҲǸʱѩ˵ĸˡ
ϼ΢΢ҲҪߣǶҪߡ
һҲô˵
˭Ըߴš꼴üģƣ߱߰ɣҲȢӣԼ
ټ¶һ棬һʱЩھΣڱͣҲԸߣʵ
ಡһһ֧̼ƿմŵĴֱ˿ұۣ
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꼰Ƕ̼˳ǼǳϸСһ廨ֲ˶٣ѹûû£ɢǳǰ˳ˡ
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Ҳǲ㡭
ƫͷЦҲܰô᲻ҲգֵܼѾʧȷʵ˸ɢʱˡ
ڱ⻰Ŀۣջܱܲô˵
ﴫһŲűţƺ֣磬ҡ
˱ˡ䵭ɡ
ƺƿţ׿Ӧһ᷿
̱ڻƺæҾʮαصǸ򲻵ѳ²ߣּ¡
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׿ӦпԾɲˬһƴָ֣ʲôָ
꼡ߡһǵʱû뵽ô
ƺװ⣺ѽ磬㴩ˣɱ¶ңұġһСľʹӦˣҵĴ
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룬ƺ֣ҩ
ϲͬˣ
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׿Ӧüסƺĸ첲С
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Ȼ˹ִҲûİ취ƺվֻܰ·ˡ
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Ǹ⣬ˣҲܻͷΪԼûҲٽͣȥ꼵ۡ
ʱϴһæĽŲţ󵱼ң¼
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Žѿ꼵·ƺ׿Ӧ԰ۣһ
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ƺõǸᣬӹ򿪿ˣǷŮӵĻ񡣡
׿ӦдչȥϵȷŮӣʷңӦûñȽϴæѵǽᰣǺүãΪʲôв
С̧꼵ֽţ²СֻʲôЦҺʹ֪ܻá֪ͨҽᰵ£ҲȥԱıԺ̽һ˾סǱ°ˣôйϵ
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Ҫȥ۵ӿһ˫Ӻڵ÷ҵۿ
ֳ֪ӲӣҲٶȰƺʹɫ
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꼲δЩ׿Ӧе˵⻭Ůãʲô˼
Ա˵ġƺӹͷԱŮΪ˰ǷԱ飬Ӧչü˵˽飬Ҳ֪
תͷڣȥѶչü
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չüǰҪ꼱ܣ˿̲Щ㷡
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ڽᰡȻιȥЧΣûʮɰա
̽δ׼ȷһŵˡ
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ԹӢѹ˹أԽԸִ֮ˣԽΪƣԼˣ
ʹ˰ѶչüӲ񷿴ûи̸˽΢СͬʱԸȥ׼һϡ
׿Ӧд˿̼Ŷչüһ
ֻ֪ƺӦûúýѵһȴû뵽֡
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ǽҳô㻹׿Ӧƺ֣ȭͷϹȻҲֺףЩۣԼ̫ľȻ֮ǰûз֡
ƺЦЦΪ㣬ΪҡˣȻҪһٳ
׿Ӧ֪ڣʵϻԼ磺֪Ÿϵҩˡ
ôĻҪŲƵûšƺս֣Ϲ˺ü㣬Ȳȣɱ˿ƻˡҪ˵⼸ЪţڷҲٴ·ࡣ
˵һ׿ӦлĪһ˿أԾọ̈װɫҲûô˲ڻ¡
ǣô顣ƺװί٩һ䣬漴֣µһ˹ߣΪĿ꣬ʵΣգҲűˣظҡ
ţ֤һ䡣
΢С¥£Ѿ˲Լſڣ˼룬ɢȥɢҩ
˶չüɫ䣬ֻ㽫˲ںδһˡ
Ǹˡչü˹ǣȴʹ͵Ǽȥɽɡ
⴦֣飬ھȵü
ƺʵ˵ʲô⣿
ûⲻ˵ڱΪζҼǵãɰ˽ɽϡ


77 ׻
չüж, 
׿ӦȻҲг˳Ĵƺ׿Ӧд粽룬ҪŶչü, Ҳ˽ȥ, һֱװࡣ
ڡһ, ں棬Щʮ, ˹
Ϊ⣬ڽһ٣ҲҩЩ, ǻָ֮ȽϺ庮ӣʯлһͬǰ
ͬʱڻȥ֪ͨ庮Ӵʣʮ, ѭ;µļǺţѰ֧Ԯ
Уƺ׿Ӧһ, չüһ࣬, ֻ೵֨ѽ죬ʮѹ֡
꼱˫ۣĿ, оָǻ粻ͷҲ𽥱
ڰ֮ǰ, ֽѩᣬɽ, ֪ǸŮӾԲѩˡ
ѩ̲סҪټһ档
ֻмƣҲٿʻģ
ƺŶչüչüҲڿԼųӭĿ⡣
Ϊ˿ңչüĽô
룬ζȷʵǸ˲šƺƵ˵ܻ㾡һ̾ط
չüЦлޣ²ţһԽԽá
ŶƺüһΪʹʧپÿءҪǻңѳ飬Ҳóҡû˰ˣӸλʲô˼
һ˵ţһ׿Ӧе֣ʮָۣյýġ
׿Ӧ֪ǳĴչüģ˼׳ЩҲʮϣͷƺļϣ״
϶չü⣬Ŀ˫յɨ벻Ӳֻң϶ȻϣҴ˺ÿġλָܣôϲһˣȻҪԷԸڵһλ
׿Ӧз˸İۣĵ˻ǻԼıҽڡ
ŶôƺζЦЦҲ֪繫⻰θ롣
ĳŹ֮˵ʡ̽İɡ
ƺؿأһ˫۾īǰ繫ֵͬܣǰ繫ӵ׾˾˿ձȻҪٴ졪ûʲôô
⻰չüסʲô˼
ʲô˼
˵϶ûչüٿֱӣ˵
׿ӦеĶʱᵽɤۣǲöչü֪ģƺô̽ԷҲɵ̫ײµⰵʾ
ƺӻϾתÿ⿴һۣͻأһ䣺סɽǽɰ˽Ѿζƿ˰ɣ
չüûϵԷͻȻôһ䣬˽סȻѾƣƺǴһıƳ˶ߡ
ԭŵߵģĺôƺЦҾ˵ô߲Ųϡ
ˡչüƺ˵ʲô־òף졣
ƺͻȻ̽ǰŶչü˵֪ɱô
ΪʲôҪɱչüĿһ˲ԩ޳𣬻ܴƱҵĽ
˺еˣȱ𣿶һһߣ˵кӰ죿ƺЦе˵
أô˵̫ɣչüһԵĿ꼡
꼲δɿڳһĿ״ƺûⷬԻ
ƺЦϵûôǢζӦ֪ɣαװأȻأչһδкβɣ
չüؿ׿ӦУ϶еʲôڵʲôҪǹߣңңһ취סǵ
׿Ӧмװ죺ô
ȻģչüΪϷеǰ̽϶ĺѣȻҪչˣ
ҲŲš׿ӦгɵܷŹǣ
չüƻҶģҪסˣɵ˵Ҳ뿪ɣпղʬ壿ҲѲ顭
˵͵ر죬ɵؿ׿ӦС
׿ӦɫˣϿƺͷ
ƺӶչüĻѸٲ׽ϢζЦЦ
ô˵ҪĽɰѾ׼ˣ۲չüı飬ҪȫӦѾװͣպϣˮĴרͰɣȻҲ㡣
չüԼ˵࣬˿˴ٲ϶ԡ
ƺȴʵȻаպŪߣ˵ʬѲ飬ǲǾ˵ǻȫʬ
׿Ӧһ⻰֪ƺѾµʲôŤͷר־š
Ȼɰ˽ѾƣǵɽȻ˽ȥôˣһ򾡣˽ѵص㡣롭ɿɽƺز٣ʡ˹ʲôţˣɽףǲǣû˵İɣſɽףɽըοأȻʬõԲ飡ɽҡضҲûϵ˽󳣳ףٸҲ⣬԰ɣ
ƺƣ̾ζǺüı
չüŤһߣ֪ԼƺȦף˲µ˾ųɲʮֽꡣ
ԷǹϵļɲĻʸף±̽뷨˿ֻš
ˣƺ³֪ɽ׵ķֲҲ˵Ѳа취ܳȥ
ֻҪˣһҵ϶䣡
ƺ׿Ӧһһ׳ĻȫԱ߿ȥȻȫ̱ۣûչü飬Ҳ˴ţԽɫ
˺һ·˳ǣԼһʱ㵽ɽ¡
˽չüӳ˳Ӻδɽ
չüָָ̧ڱһ°ͣǼŶչüָķȥ
ʣ¸Ǻ棬ڡʹ⣬ƺ׿Ӧ˺˿ڣɴ˳׿ӦЩ˼
Ҳȥ꼣꼰־ܾҩЧˣ޴ˡ
˱ڶĩ˿첽ɽ;ƺ²Ϣ֪ˡ
ҹںУȥʹɰ̯λʲô֪鲻αⲻһҹʱ䣬չüץˣܸʲô
ƺ˽ߣֶΣϾնչüѾ֪뺫汻Ϸ翴֮ıʲôչüӺʲôǶ
ǰҽɰ̯λҲδǿ˵տѾչü¸סҲ֪׿ӦʵңȻ˽Ҳ֪ɣΪûȥ飿
ڼƺ͡ǡ硱ԼԾԶġҡ֪ǰԼƺ¶׿ӦǱǽⲻˣɿЦһ¡
ȸĹȥɣҲֻ˽ÿĴƽûʲôӴҲû뵽չü֡Ľ͵Ҳֻչü֣չüԼ˳ȥġ˶ɵҰļץסһȱȻõס
ȸ˼üֽؼʱһҲûС
ӴԲӡڵӣױ˴ǣ¶ˡƶЩأҲ޷ˡ
չüθڼѹߡǴȸһ򾡡һֱĬĴؿڣ߱ȴߣɱǣ̰Ķлǲǣȴֱǣ˽ȥΪжԱ˵ĳŵҪסǣлȤ
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εǷҪزˣ
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˵ƺͣ˽ŲͷһֱĿ꼣Ͽҵ״磬ˣǳŲ֪ˣκ³Ǿȡ޹ءһʲôĳϣȫˣΪԱ˵ŵԣװԼ˴ǣȥ磬Ѿˡ
ƺЩ񣬼ǰͣסŻȻ̧ͷƺһϯֻЦЦǣȥ޹أҴ˴ǰĿģҲΪǳŵֵܲھΡȻͬһϣǱ㲻ٷֱ˴ˣרӭаɡ
ƺʱͨ͸Ҳ˵ͷǣ׿Ӧеּǰߡ
ɽλɳǵһ࣬պӣɽУɽӯɽɽɽʵǧ֣ɽռ
ɽãƺԼ󺹣ĵ׿ӦУôŵס𣿡
׿ӦгһЦû£ŵס
Ϲǳ˵㡣ƺ׿Ӧ˰Сİٴ̾˿
ƺԼ庮ӣǰֻ׿ӦеʱõģʣЩװϱߣ׿Ӧйؼʱ̷ãʱý˺˿ڡ
Ȼ࣬ҲЩƺΡ
׿Ӧп͸˼ɹ˹ϵĶȻǸӦģͱҷֵˣʲôɱСˡ
ʱԶͻȻһѻķȥô
һˣǼڵرУֲţԼ
ƺͷû
óԼӴ˼׿ӦбΧһҡΣһӰǲԶ
ǰߵɫһݣ鵶ʣʲôˣ
ţԼˡƺסֱۡ
첽߽һͷҡ
ѹֲӰԭ߶ˡڻͷƺֲһصģ
ƺٺһЦл佱
û꼣˿̵Ҳܴƶϳ˸Ҿλǿ״󵱼ˣ
꼻ɣŴ
ɽ·Ҳϻ߱߸ƺҺιȥ˿ɽߵ˾Ͳɽ䣬үȷιµǱ㿪ʼжȸ˴ֽ˴˸Ůӹǽᰣ˸ȥһ񡣡
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׿Ӧһۣͼȷʵ򵥣Լȫ
ƺţʹչſ˿㽫ͼݸ꼣꼿ָۣڡ
ƺܿӣ׿Ӧе㲻ƽ⣬оԼе
ǲǸ׼˿ɽףƺʵ
Ծصɴۣô֪
·ϰдӶչü׳ġ
׿ӦУ
λ̨ʵ²ҪĴ
׿Ӧб˱ȴĴָ˵˵пɽףӦö˷Ŀ󾮸ֻǾֲûŪ涢ţȹǽͷ
ƺͷҲ˽øˣʱӦɡ
һ˺ƺƵɽȥǰͷĶչüԼĪĶػͷһۡ
ԱߵĴȸ͵һѣʲô
չü񲻶תͷȥߣԽԽİ
ڵ˿Ӹֹס˽ţǰһ°ͣǡ
ͣ꼻㱨Ⱥָʾ
ƺ֣ȻԷҪÿɽף黹Ǳôֵܽȥװ
꼵ͷţڣȫ⣬ֻ˹ȥ
һͼˣУչüҪɱ㣬̫Σˣ
Ųȥ侲ؿҪ󱸣һҲܳɽ֮˽ȥǡǶ׺ʲô
ƺڵļ򣺡˵öԣİɡǶָԮ֡
ȻԲͬҲĬĬӦˡ
ƺµˣŵ㣬ȥѰҺʵλã߷ʲôԽˣһ簲ţס֮ǰĻ
۾ͷ
ƺֵ磬ȥϣмӣݣ̰֤ԼİȫΪȡ
ȭؿڣס
ƺү˷һˡ
С¡
˵գһۣĿвһ˿ǣҡ
Ŀ⣬ͷȥ
ƺս׿Ӧе֣У빲Σ
׿Ӧ΢Ц֮á
ƺ֮һЦŤͷ꼣û뵽ǡšաᡯͬӭУɣɡ
꼡šһڵҲȥģġ
ׯصؿ˵ͷ
ȥƺ׿ӦСǰȥֻڴȸȫԱԭش
Щƽѵ䲻Ƕʮر˿ȴҲѻȸԶ꼵óһ·
ƺ߱Ц״磬ڰ
㲻Ҳһôһ飬ЧҡЦҪɱߣ²Ҫɡ
ƺεӣ˵
׿Ӧƫͷӱ߹ͺͺģûľڵ³ԲֻССһƬ¹Ծ࣬˵ϣյԽǷӢƥ
ƺֶԷڿתգգۡ
׿ӦбЦˣĵмıûУҲỤ
ǲŲ


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ͬǣ
չüҲ˷ڵĺЦϧ¡
˿ƺ׿Ӧյýֻ֣ƲƲ, Ȼҡҡͷ
𼵶ү, ͷǰ·ɣƺм
ȥ, ۲ӣĵͼϡ
ӿŲ, ǼӵһӵԼаɣ忴ȥ׵Ķ
֧ŵ, ӦھеĿ󾮣﷽Ĺֱ߲ѾڹģѾ, Ŀǰڹͺͺģֻܿڣȴڲ졣
ԷҪը, ĿӦǾѵѡ񡣾δըֻҪס, Ҳᱻߡ
ԣÿڴпɽס
ƺ۲Ƭط, ΢΢üת뷨, ˼ƾ֮ơ
չü˫ָǰ۾һ, űܴڣġһڿڻص
ȻҲһƽ̨һңңضԶչü˸ơ
չüȥŷ֣һһҽƺ˸ںߡ
ǽµĿӱϱ̨ףڿӱڣŷ£չüм䣬֣ǿ꼣֮ƺ׿ӦУ嵶Ϻ
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չüЦЦ̫ǿδǼ¡
꼲֣˶չüһѣ·ٷϻ
չüҲգأЦЦƽ̨ˣ΢΢°̧֣ͣһֵơ
ûע⵽չüĶֻ˵ƣֻΪԷڴߴǡ
׿Ӧд˿վλȶչü߳һЩһһ۵ףʱסƺе㲻ԾǸʲô
ֻû˵ڣչüͻȻ͵̧ǰһߣŷߵԼһԱ߿ӱڣֱȥ
֣ȥץϧֿչüۣץ˸ա
꼼״ƺ̵֣嶯
ͬʱͻȻڵĴ󺰣ף쳷졪
Ǿ仰Ȼը̵ڳֻۡۡۡ죬ɽ׽ըɲǼضɽҡ
׿ӦеһӦǰˣƺҲܻţ˻໤ŶԷͷ̨һࡣ
ػɰ֦شϣЩƺʶؽ׿Ӧ§øĺ󱳱ˡ
󣬲֪˶ãֻǼֻаյʱ䣬Χûκֻѻ̻ɥƵظ¸½š
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꼹еǹߵ³ǰգƺֻұסߵĹɲֵµˣһѵû磬Ҫȡ
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ƺȻϵ˼ʵ̫˽ǳˣû߹ôǱСغöǳ󷨱
չüҵؿ˹һۣɫؿҲһĨ
ҲԣȻ㣬ֻҪŪҪĶ˵ֵһᡣƺζԶԷûʲô⣬Ҳ⡣
չüҧгݣҲţûжѵԼ֪
Ϊʲôһ٣ֻΪ˳Ҳ̫СˡΪ첻ϵʹǺԵɡеĶǣȷ˵Ӧǹơƺ˿ү̡
Ųæӻͳһ̵֧ѣᴵ 
ʮֹŹ֣չüʱؿһƣʲôǱһ㣬ͻȻŰֱظϷ̨ӣ˵һ졣
ظ˾ʹչüһ˼²ס
һ˲ƽ̨󷽵ĿӱϣͻȻ˦һסᰣһס飬ಡؽ˵ӱԵ˦ȥ


79 
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ƺ˸Ŷչü¿, ȥѰƸߵ㣬ҪǱǰ֮أǴһ฽ɽ϶С
ǴûӰ, ±һ
군, жˣ
Щ㷲, ѰһûзӰ, ̸̷ڸ߲֮Уأš
Լʮ߰, ŴӦˮˣλڿԵڴ
пɽףƲ⣬Ӧþ, õȶչüһ£ͽ⴦ŵ
һ˷ܵץǸСǳô
˷ܾ, Ӧǡһ
겻Ľ˵˼ѾǴĳˣ
, ڳҲôʡ겻мܱӷ֣ҿҲô
̸, ֪ȷʵǱץˣȻᱻҪЮƺ, ˼⣬ڸƺź, 취
֮ʱǴӱԵĿɽͻȻ˷ܵվ
ֵٺ٣ɵ˰ɣԽԽ군
겻޹ǣôЩɽףȫˣһȸк֣ǿô죿
ضԼõģƨ֪׼ʲô֣ЦһҲŲܶùǶ
ڲУ̵СѲ϶չüô
ҲԣøڵϣЩȫߵڣֻҪźʹȸ˿󾮣ȥ޻أаһ˿ڴ֮ǶܿߵĺУ˵ܰͷҲָտɴ
⼸䣬˼ƽϣ룬뿪ȥѰڣһŪǱߵҪһá
صǴ󣬼أҲģֵ֪ʮرѾϵ绢
֮ǰƺЩرóͱж˴ζԸССĿӣȻڻ¡
Ϊŵʧ˿޴йҲڴ˴ȿǱ߳ȥӪʵЩһҪӦϵʲôžܷԸĳضϡ
Ҫ˷ֳӣаС죬ʣڴ˵ش
ڴʣ˵ѡ˸ģԼԻѴźŵķʽźһк󣬱һһƶ
֮ǰѾ̽࣬λڿԵĴԡסҡǣλԵԡ졢ǣչüǴƽ̨ģǲ󾮿ӱڵһˣԡֺűǡ
ƺǺ֮ʣ飬°˷飬ֱȥüұĴ
ЩرȻսǿѵصʿȸͨ¶Ȳǣˮǰں֮ڡ
ĸڱϢءӹܡԭ֣Щӣﲻɱ㽫ȫΣԱ߲ݶ
ϸ˿ɽ׵֮˶ЩЩ˽⣬ܿ½ŲʱıΣȻÿڰһ˿ء
һǲԵɾˣ졢λԵвڱʣˣǱֺƽ̨Ϸ
ֺλǴӱڵмλãԵԼʮҵľ룬¹ⲢôֶǱص֣ڻ߶ûзǵĴڡ
ǣƺɱﵣչü֮ʣϳ֣ڰ˦᰺
᰷űӲסʱŵУ¼ڵˣֵжвˣֻǵԲ۾µǡ
һҲһ죬Ҳ̫ˣǰɣ£ܣġ
᰾긦ΡΡصͷڽϰӸϣŮ֮𣬱һаӽ⿪
һߣ鵹˷磬Ҿ֪ҵģлл磡
ڵ˸ͷӦˣﻵЦһ͵Żͷ鷳ɣղŸʲôץˣ
Ǵɽ׵ţһСľ͡е㲻˼ͷűαץҲûջ̽£һߵĿԭмǻ಻ͨģչü¸ͨˣڶӦñڿֻҲ֪ýȥ
⻰ں˼Ƭ̡
ѹÿڶףԭǰߴͨˡҲãǿĸڣҲ档ں͡ǡ͡ĶȻᱻ
ڵͷ޷Ѿȳˣֿ˶չüҲ໥ƺ⣬һӦɡ˵ƺһ÷ΣʲôʱչüµĹƣң
̶ડһڣһٺЦˡ

·ƽ̨չüһĻԼҲ֪ԵŵѾ˸ɵˡ
˵ӦѸٲ֣ȥڡֻ߲⣬ԭĴǽչüļƻ󾮣ը£Լҹɽϵ˽ɰĻһ֮˿ȻԸ˷Լ¡
չü˿ҲϾ˼ؿڣָƺ㡭ʲôʱµĹƣ
ԼҲĺ֮ˣͷһУҹ𱻹ڲȸ¸ĳʳˮһŲڣҲιˮŸҺȣôУ
жҲͰˣֵҽҲ٣˭֪ȻǹƣֻƳ˲ܽⶾ
ƺ˫ۣЦȻĺŲι£
һ˻׿Ӧжʱ˸ղЩ׵顣
ƽжҪ١һ˸⣬жһ໥ϡ
ʹǹ̶֮Ĭƺ˷ֿԭΪҪƹƳ档
¹ʱ׿ӦлͷƺһۣʣǷ㣿
ƺףǹһ΢Ц
ι͵׿Ӧ̸֮ƺȥңȻֻҲ¡
Ϳǵչüһƣֻʲգһй߲ͣĺֺڣǸ͡ʲôҩ
νʣǸȦףʱչüһüưǵǯƣͺ޳ˡ
ƺϲðַա
ڶιµʱڶԷ˸չüˮ˹Ƴ档
ι²Ṧ򣬸û쵽ڲſţԱ߿ֻźȽҲ⡣
ι¶ˮ񷿵ʱָһһɫҩƵĶв豭ˮŵ󡢰͸Сӱչ
չüʱڿʵòУֲỳԼˣˮֶ֡¶ǣƳĸС
ֻʱƳѾʹָСƶҲɢŴ̵һ죬Ƴ汻ѣڶչü䶯ҲʼȻʹ̡
˵ЩƺЦؿ˿һۣǸ֣ǳ·ǲֺͬЩ֡
ô˵ȴûа㲻˼е⡣
飬΢΢˸ۣͷŤһߡ
꼷żںԼ³֣֪˿ҲºЦԵĵ˲ͬӦзʽȻҲͬսԽ˵Ȼʲôֶκʲô
԰ԸЩСˣ̸ʲô壡׿Ӧֱ׳ֱֲ䣬ҪƽҶԷҲٰɣֻûǴү˰ˡ
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ϴ֮󣬹ȻѴҶԼ˰ҲſЩôˡ
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λ֣һأ
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⻰Цƾɱң
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ƺǸһ֣Ǹ֣ΪǸӵľɶԹ̫ʱ䡣
ҪŤͷ׿ӦУˣǳ
׿Ӧ֪Ϊ˵ͷɵȷʵʱˣһ߶ѣʲôʱɱûҪڸǾ
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վס˵⻰ǹߡ
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ڶչü⡣
չü˿Ȼƺ޵ҧгݣԼСڴԼɽȴûܣּɵ
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һͻóŵжԵ÷ǳ
ΣƺðѶչü͹ܵãԲ
¶ѣչüԹɱ⣬Ҳںչüƺ˵¹֮£ǽ֮㣷ϡ
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ӣ֮䲢ޣŪҲԸչüƺĳһ飬ù߽·ȥҳҰѹƶˣΣ
ǵŪ꼣Ȼܰͷˣֻ̣ܵͷܰ洦
˻֮⣬ڰʾɱ꼵˵ͬʱ˳ѹһ׻⣬ƺġ
⻰ƺ׿Ӧһף˶һۣϬʱ֪߱Ȼл˵
ȻûƺлӦ߱㿪˿ڣУƺͿһҲˡ
ĿǷ·ԼϴվһߵĶչüɫѿ
߱ϾþɳĳЩϣñȶչü͸
ſ볯³ǰղԾѵõʽᵶ̱뵽Ȼ˽Գ飬꼺ƺ֮ԨԴȻȱֳҪƺ˴ǰΪɱԼҲȷʵ꼾ˡ
ˣ壬ɵÿЦΪá
ƺ״֪߻̫Ըˣöչüɱ뷨߱¡
ǾеĶɡ
˿̿Ϸѻڣѷŵжṩ鱨֪·ˡ
ƺ˼ƽϣ̧ͷչüζȻһͬȥңôүΣ
չü֮ãҲá
׿ӦоβԣôҪգס󣺡ͬһ𣡡
áƺۣһ𡣡


80 Ļ
꼼״, ΢΢ü
úвɻ
ƺ˷ǰΪ˰б߲չüŪѶԶչü˹, ѽڹ֮, ΪλҪԷߵĹϵ, öչüò֣
ⲻҿ
ѲɣɵæסԼ
Լ, ǶԳŸô
ԾԴӼԳŵΪֻڶԷ³Թ, ĺ顣
벻ףɻؿƺһۡ
ƺƺ뷨ЦЦǰȻøߴΰһЩ
ĬĬƿ۾, ĵޣûһˣ˧Ӣ۵ġ
ƽ̨ϣ߷³, ϡ
ƺֽеͲ˰ɣǲлУ
߲Ӳ磬³ʵ㡣
ƽ̨, ͳ³һӵƺ˸ǰҪжǵıٽ˷ְ
ƺѱŵװӸ˴ࡣ
׿Ӧа䳤Щ, жºҪŪƺ˼, ѽһֱԵȥ, ţ
ֽǰѽҲѧԼ嵶Ҳȥڣ
ڽ˵磬Сģ
ƺһ߱˰ţһźضԿ˵Դ˳ţ±ʶݣͲᵶˣŽ㵶һء
ҲȥԹ˰΢ЦҾһѣ衣
˼ƺ̾
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׿Ӧа룬֮취һµģ˲գ
˱֮ͬһ𣬱³ǰմƽ̨վڹߺͶչüǰ
ƺŤŤӣϹŻ첻ߵЦŲ˵۵ûš
䶢Źߣٵʱˣ
ҲǰһУʵڴ֣λ롣
ƺ׿ӦǰߣԼڵڶλ󣬹ߡ³ǰոǺ棬Ż
ڴ˼ﲻԣȴһʱûףۿҪƺ壬Ҳ˲϶롣
վڶչüԣޱĿƺǴڣӰʧڹ䴦
Щд˵ĺүҳٸնεĽⶾ
Īַģϻ
չüһվŵʹɫ˻⣬Ѹٸ˹ߵ
ǰղؿһۣôǲף
һĵǵǣⲻʲôҪæô
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Ϳ˲˳ۣˮչüֵطɵɸ˾˸ûʲôøС
һƽûʲô棬׿Ӧǰߣƺڵһһ߷ӡ
Լ뵽ƺԱ޿֣ҲƶܹƾԼ츳Ӹ⿪ҲǽԼ֪ؼˡ
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ⶴǳխƽֻС룬׿Ӧеǿܹվֱƺ͵΢΢ͷԵúò
ֻͷҲеͷĺô޷۲쵽ߡ
ԼʮɺƺƤϿע⵽ϷһۼԱ߲ͬƺ̫ˡ
һЦǰȥ
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ŭ󣬹Ѹٵ̬汻ͨԹƺŸ˯ңһʱӳȥеʱ䡣

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˽һԼһôҲһƨϱߣ嵶ŵڵϣ΢΢תš
淴¹ʱʱڶչüϣڴϲס̽˫ۡ
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չüѿͨڹߺǽȥˣӦҲǲ֪εİɣҹزȫˣôѿؾأ⸱ģǳء
ڶŶչüһ·лƵģѾûзŵ֪ԼйʱĻңָֻȻԵõģԽĻǶԵġ
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תߣҵȥ
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ڽŲҴңصƿصġסֺڴ֮ǰźõĻǺúţû춯
˹ˣչüصô
һӦֲûˡڴĵϣŵϵĲݣ֪Щʲô
ǲǱʾ桮졢ãͻȻˣѲǸɶչüôȷأ
ϸϸ۲Ƭ̣ĴָͻȻһӲĶǿݴԣͫ׶
ԭˡЦˡס


81 
Ī, ȥֻһԲԲĿ׶΢͹ڵ棬ǹӵһͷ, С, ԼֻһöͭǮô
סʲôʵ
ſڵ, 俿ףƾ֮, ѾԼ洫±ɫһݣҹȻû´
ڼ׷ʣˣ˵
˵İϷ, õġͭ¹ͨ˾һ̽Ķֻϸ̫, һ˵ֻ̽Զչü˵ˡ, ѹԭǽЩֽš
ղʲôˣ
Ͱ, йߡ
ûҴ
û
ȻڶʱˣƺסߣҴȥζչüҲƶϳ, Դ£ûµ졢, ǿ϶鷳
ʱ˼𼱣չü֪, ӦҲ̽̽ûУǾȥˡ
ڵͷܵһڴߴٻѰҡסڣţԼֺſȥָҲʼס
ͬЭܿѵϵҵһһжﶼûп꼺ͺ͡Ķڸ޷侲
Ҫ¿ӣߵĻ˴ûصıҪˣȥǱӣе˶
ס⣬ֹĪţǺú¡
ûˣ˦֣һֱչüҪŪҴܣһƺǷֿʱ֣ʱжʱѾĴڣֻʣӵ׵潻սҲԿʲô
ڲ֪ƺ㣬ȴмɵֱ´˴δɣɹô죿ȲɱֲܷţΣΪӳȥģ⻰ʵд
ҲٺȥҲĿ뺫͡İΣֻǴ˿޷֪ƺһж˳ͻǺã
ڼ˼Ҳûٵȣתߣ²ѣʲôһе
ҺһȥͻȻ
ڲػͷ߹ῴſѲܣļƻжʱӦɣ
˵⣬ĿЦжǲΪӪʵϳӦ䣬⵱̫֮Ĭˡ
ֻĬҲǰٷеģܶʱֻƾо;£޶˾ͻ
ѾҲٳɣԸ˴飬һԭشһȥ

չüƽ̨ĿԵһô֦ϣԶԶŶչüʹ
֮ǰɽױʱڡֺڴϣøƽ̨棬Ҳ˸ûܰסеĻ𣬲ļűߡ
壬Ҳ֪ã¶Լλãǲ²졣
ֻ֮ѸٴǺѸƽ̨Щ˵ıȥǲܼΣܴӱЩˣǸõεص㡣
Уŷһо۵ףȻ˵ʲôҲµóƺѾչüйƵ˵˳ۿƺ˸߽˿󾮣ɽ˶չüԴϡ
ôˣ˲Ϣ䣬ò
ҺͽѾȫˣֻҪﰲȴһʲô춯ֱӽչü
ԶOO@@ĽŲ̽ԼϢŶ
ŲߵԽԽˣ߱˵
һҹǹڵġ
һ˶ԸˣȻС£Ҳܰͷǰ¶ˡ
ߵһ࣬⿪ӿʼС⡣
һ˵Щһһϵ
Ͳ˰ɣһ˵ڿǶסˣմĸ棬ҲǵʰЩ˲ϵǼɵҪȻ˳ˡ
Ŷԭˡ
ʵǣǹƳĽҩմϣǻ٣ֻҪһը˿󾮣ȸǸտ׵ģٰĸץˣǲҩĿֻǴȸĸ
ʲôԻѽ
һ⻰ĺԶԶŴͻȻһǰδеĿֻ
ߵԶˣȲͳڣҪѶ
֮˸ƣ˼ǽġ
Ȼĸշ£־òԣƺʲôվ£ֻʻͷȻͷЦЦؿ
˵ΡźϢѾжϳ˲ˮ£ǹߵˣ
յ룬¿ɻˣ

֮УƺƣĿضԷ־ƺҪһЦ
³߸񣺡ӭսɡ
ƺмĸУʲôʸҴ򣿡
³Ų֣
˧֮Уĵطô׿ӦпڵǼνġǳӣ
ƺ׿ӦΪԼͷһ𣬿ǰĹߣһüëƵض˶⡣
֣߱ĪؿҲ֪ʲô
³ﻹʲôţⷬ类ǻʵȡˡЩˣԼ˶ҪĹ˼ǰͣ
׿ӦеҲգ΢΢ЦţڽеôΪûаȫô
ƺЦˣҰӴ
㣡³첱Ӵ֣ৡسˣ
ƺƳһۣɫ˲ҿǻˡ
ͻȻˣϷʣҼǵľһֱͽܽãʱһźû̡ȻᣬУҲҿ۽硣
չü֮ǰ˵ᵽ׿ӦǴ˵ģӣȻҪһ
ƺͷ䲻ûǷײͷ˵ˣǱԡ
ûϵ硣׿Ӧ߹ؿ۳³л֣֮ڱض
ƺɻؿһۣҲУ
֪ˡ
׿Ӧе۾ӳŻѵĹ⣬鶯ŽĹ⣬ƺ΢΢һƺڰʾʲô
ƺ˼ͷһů
³ű׿ӦжùǺֱӣ
ֻû˵ڣǰӰʼδضˣ
׿Ӧвӿúһ磬³ֻǰһԷӰӶû壬һĨԼǰ
һϧ˴ռ̫СܲҪְεȴԷΰסʶȥץ׿Ӧеۡ
Ȼ³ʼδǣ׿Ӧеץ󲻷ţ̧ұֳۣ˲˼Ļȣסۣһֻ첲㽫ֻ˲̶סͬʱӯһת͵һһͱ
ǰĴë̷࣬̽Լʱ򣬳³ֻǾòϺȻһ£ŲʹȻȺҺӿ
ǰվŻѣʹĵشУ³
һԿˣû뵽׿Ӧֱܽšúһû뵽ȥ޺İ׾꣬Ȼ˲Լ
Ȼ£һԵƺ˹
׿ӦˣƺĵѸٽͱ³ӵʱƺˣҪȫȫԸǰĹߡ
һŻȥ߷ӦѸ٣˲鵶ֵ
е䱡Ҳ쳣̣顱һײϹߵ䵶˲䱬ǣ˿δ
ȻҲ䵶Ĳ֮ĵȻȴʽ˲٣խĿռлԱأӲͿƣбݣͱʹ̡
ৡһߵϱ۵Ѿƺƣһ֣ؽ̴Ƥ
ǰռԼֿܹ³ڵϵһֻ㣬ͿѪԼиûƺʲôˡ
ŸոҪ׿Ӧȴ죬תǰеĺ
Ҳ֪⵶ʲôģ˿ûմϳ³Ѫȴƺ£־ѪƵǰոߴͻһƺеһô¡
ݵĴֱ꣬Ǹȣ
㻹ʵʵ̨ɡ׿Ӧһû˸ʬ
ƺ֪ԼռϷ磬Թٲ飬С
ȻԸƺ֣ʱ˿̣ѡȫԸܶԷս

ƺУֱҪߵĿȫܱˣȻûҵ͡λá
ȻܹףǶչüĹƣڲ󾮴ͨͨ˴бƽÿһ㶼Ҫһξ񣬾ʱ䣬û취ҵˣ˴ΣյĻ
Ҳܹ뵽˵չüѾں͡ڵĿһͬʱڴˣȻȡж
ԼҪģʱܣڱԷ֮ǰܴ͡뿪
˵͡ڿ꼳жӦǴⲿڿԵλãûбգΣ֮ء
ڿжʱŬԼж켣ԴжϷ򣬲ÿһȥĿͨڱڶ˼Ǻš
̽ѰǼΪЩǱ˵ģûɹԮȥףҪһ
Ѱ˼Բ͡ټȵû󺹣Ѿʪ͸ƽѵҲסʼСš
пôͨ˵ҲǾ޴ġ
Ѿشһ֮󣬾ŻӣعһԼܹ·ҲȻ˿
ˣͿҵˡ
Ŀӳʮɣ߿ٴ۸ӣҲҪߵͷˡ
ȻϢԽȡԽԽʱģز׽ǰһ˿΢Ϣ
꼶ʱϢȷϢȷڣԼĻþʱѸǸ˹ȥ
һ޴ο󶴣ıھѱɹĺۼϡ϶ѵþʯΪѡ
Ͼ˼ЩĻšѭ΢ϢѰңڿ˽ʯŵĺ͡
䲻֪չüʲôǣԲҴ˺͡ߣŰѻӵ׶ШԱҷŵػ˻κ͡

ֽ͡ű˿Ϣ΢˫۽գȷǱҩ
նֽϵȻóţ֮͡㻺ۣǰ֮ˣҪڣԷֹ
ȱ˵˽ҩ꼵űѰٽⵤ͡ĿС
Ƭ̺󣬺͡ɫԵı仯ԭ԰׵ϸһ˿Ѫɫûõġ硭
ôûãۿɫкת˵ȳȥǣ
Ҫк͡͡ĺ󱳣ȴһƬճ壬ָ㴥ѱ͡ºѪҺߵȵ
һ͡ȥǰһĻͫ͡Ǳ͸˩ĩ˺ϲΪһһöϣШ˵ʯķ϶
͡ſ꼣Ц硭Ҹ鷳ˡ㡭߰ɡңչüҪɱ㡭
קűШҧгݵķϻ
ͻȻ֪ﴫһ˵Ǹұڣģģȴڲסǵһ̣λһ·ߺã

ھ˴ǴӱԵڽѸٷΪӣԮµӵ׶ˣֱǡ족ֺźֺ͡ſڳȥ
ڶչü࣬ҲȿԵЩ˸á
ɡᡱѵˣټںҪ¶չüں֮ڡӦòѣǴŴţ˶̫Ծ
ƺⲻӭУסǣ
ںֱ𽫸ԼԴ߿󱳿ź󱳵
Ҳˣ
ƺѣ˿ϢȣǱزҲڴλöȻҪ
ڵҽȥң
УҵҲ˳ڴĿӣȥף
ڵͷСģڻ㣡
һ˵ţһ嵶Χˮ˲ǰѸսǰ󶴿ܴڵĵطȥ
һܣһѸĥȻ͡Ӧڿǿ󾮾ԵҲͨͬĿ󶴣뾡ҵԵһ
Ե׿ͨǾڴλñȽϽףһڿһڽԶ
һɶԶľ룬ſڿӱϵ˻ϸϸѰңתȥԿӱڣеؿŶͼΧĶչü£ģܷ
ڻһſӱԼ˰ɵĸ߶ȣڱѰһССԲףѸٽҶȥרע̽Ķ
ƺԵǡ˻˻
ãһ߿ӱڣۡһ棬Ķûü㱻˴ӱ˵ڵأ

ƺѾʱ
˹ȷʵ˵ãûֵıУխĿռƶ㣬ǾܱܿƺеɱУмɵػػ
ܿ׿ӦеĹȻãҲûбȳ³߳٣ֻεƣ͡족һУ³ƽԴ׿Ӧδʤ
ǹѧתŲƺĽֻܻ֮ʣѰ㣬һС
˭֪ƺƺȡÿһжȴ˹ϰУȫ۵ȴ
ƺѰ׼ˡйؿڣߵ󾮾ϣŴ㵹鴫ȷʵӡ
ǰտŹ߿žڴڴĵô
׿Ӧеһ᣺ʲô죿Ѳ㻹ܰ
ؿڣбۿƺСӣǡ̸Σ
ƺûʲôɸģ첻
Źҡֻǽ죬һӳȥ֮ЭϡҾ͸һ͹ɽ֮йصܣΣۣ۽ǹζ΢Цһ㣬ôԼµĻصġ
ƺһʱԲۣ߹ȥ˹ߵӣҧгݵҪ常
ϹһĪЦݣңܣڡ
ûƺ˵ǰĿͻȻһ죬ڵĵطʱžɳʯشӶµ
׿ӦзӦݣһǰյĺż絽ƺߣѸʱ·ȥ
лҪ˵
ɽ׼ǵĹŴν


82 
׿Ӧкƺûܼ, ȴֲ֪ʱ·ֶһʯš
д۶ϲΪ뷽ǵʯŵľ볤̲һ£Ϊʯûǰյǰѵ뿪µġ
׿ӦоŻ, ûзκοԺȱ, ƺʯ˼, ʯ˿
Ϊ׼ġߵ
ƺ׿Ӧлعͷȥ߾ʾõ֮, Ҿûȷ˽ԹһĺáλҲ֮ʿȻʹ, ҲûҪڴ˵ͬھɣ
ߣ㵹죡׿Ӧпƺһۣ, Ҳ⡣
ƺ֪ԼϷӷɱ³ϰ, Ź߸Լ־ǡ
Ϊ֮׷;ˣķŹһ, Ҳ̫ԣġ
˴ӵϽƺӦǼ˹߾Ҫƴġ
, ׿ӦǡôҪΪ˳µشӦߵ顣
Ȼ, ⻰߱, Ȼһԣѹôѷ֣ƺ㲻ΪԼҲΪС˰ɣѵҲ
죡ƺͻתָŹ߱ȵҵò๣
ɫת׿Ӧе֣ȥߡ
ǷŽڸ׿ӦȷʵôģŰ
֮ǰûü˵ʱ֪ͨңѾ˿ԵļڣȥҿҲ֪״ûоȳǻܻϡ
ƺ׿ӦԽԽ죬˵ԲⵣģҪҵڰ׿ӦͳȥԼȥҿ꼺ͺ͡
Ҫǰ֪ˣȻǲϵģ϶ҪţôͲźأ
˿̵º¡Խԣ˶֪ô£ҲԤеΣյźţ˭Ҳûпʣֻžҵڳȥ
ǱŲԶľ룬Ϣ׺ں档
룬ָԼЩ޴£ûлųȥĿܣƺ棬취ùɽףԼ
ֻסľͽʣľȷûţͽ˵ãԼܵ֡
ˣʱӦˡ
˿ѾطŽս֮һڣֻվλþ붥˴ԼԶĸ߶ȣƺͷϿȥڵĸʲôĶ
ôôںһƬƺ
׿ӦаѻӶƺͳоҷȥ
ƺΣխȷʵʺ׿Ӧȥ̽ԼȥҲ׿Ӧиߴ棬ֻȥ
׿Ӧжܿ죬˫ֳУ˫ųڿӱϣѸһ˻
ƺһŻӣһôˣ
Ƕģûá׿ӦеɥֻһѣǾǰҰɡ
ƺ⻰һ߸׿Ӧп첽ߣһ߻ͷ˹һۡ
߷꣺չüңȻܸʲô
࣬ǰɣƺĵ˼Գƽޣ
Ŀҧҧڻ
ǽֹ׿ӦȥһڳûеͷļһǱסڣ˷װ׺ķҲ겻
ڵĿƺԽԽϡ˲Լͬضʼ̡
ëȻǣƺǰѶˮգʱҲϵĺ¡ʲô
׿Ӧòãסƺ󣺡磬ôˮ
ǿ͸ˮƺչü˵֪⣬Źըõµˮ͸ը꼣ҲҪ

ڣںܿ˹
֮ǰڿԵʱֵÿ죬Ѹ³룬ԴһΣ뿪ɽ׵ıƵظӱϵʯžвҵţҵ߻أϵû£Ϊλסˡ
ϵܣôڸһָǣ͵طȥΪоûʲôӦʱ
ϻ̱һ࣬ƺûѡ
Ūűǿӱڵ׶˳¡¡֡
ſɽױ⴦ӵԵĲʯڣ汻һ޴İݣֻ岢û̮
ƺͣؿѾ䴩ˡ
ڳճմſӣճȭۿ죺磬ܡ
ӵ׶ˡ¡¡Խԣºӱڻĵ˼ԶĲͣ
ܴڣ졢ڵʾ⡣
ﲢǿɽױѵĵ㣬ЩֻǱһʯ˴˻ŵҲûʲô󰭣ڵٻѸӣ
ųңչü¶ѾѸٳ룬ڻͷƽ̨Ǳ߿һѾۼ˶չüԣһƽ̨¶˺ԶԶԼߡ
ڵ˼ˣҧгݵѸٳԵ˻ϣ׼ùչü
ǣӦҪߣֱڽס
㣬ֵܲȥڵһˣ
ʱѾת˫ۻЩɣ죬ǸһɴƵģƽʱǰС
ĵؿڣңأ
Ŀؿ˿ǿһ˵ĿڣҽȥҴܡ
а߿϶ˣ󾪣ûҲŲסãǽȥ
ҪˣҪʬҲǾô档űըǴĿӱڣȥͷЩ죬Ӿ꣬ѼѾʣֵܣҪǴ
ץסչüڣҪְƤ
ͻȻסڵͷһ
ϵܣˣڸоΣ
ǡûƽʱҪСࡣ
ڵɴۣΪ̫Ϣ㣬俿죬ŵȷϣ˵ʲô
˵ǿûôôʲôͻȻһƿڣҷ״ֻȼյûпѾʱӳɽױĵط
ڱöۣæ̧ס˻~ΪûأŸջָʹ˽ȥң
ǷűˣѹԪҲ𽥻ָƿĻԼվס
ȱ𼱣ÿ󾮻᲻̮һһȥͱˣòʧֻҪţ¡
˵˵ʲô𡣡ڷԸûߵǼȥͬϣԼ֣ÿһڶסˣöչü˿ȶˣҴ˽󾮡
ˣڼﻹҡԴƺƵģôˣǲǱʯͷҪȥЪţ
òţǻеܻͺˡ˵ȻЩ̧ȥ䣬Ȼס
Ķ䡭ѪˡڽŵŻңɫֺڣûע⣬ϸҶһƬģѪۣǲˣʯͷҵģǱģ
ﲻӣԾһѣָմѪҺſЦһģˡ
ӵԵ¡¡ԽԣվôԶҲǴߵĿʱ̮
ɻôˣ
ûָſӣһֱ¡¡죬Ƶġ
ȷʵûʱһЩĶ仹ָܻܲ˵һ춯ü˼Ƭ̣漴𾪣ãҪ͸ˮ
͸ˮڴ󾪣漴˼ˣȥȷʵ¹ʣ͸ˮǵ˵ʱ˲ٿ󹤡
ѹֶչüѺ͡ΡӪȣҹƴǰµĿ󾮾ֻҪһըѣٴ͸ˮ
ûм˵ȥѾˣչüԼҴڱصã׼ĺ֣
ͫ׺ڳģӳŶȼŻѵƽ̨չüӰУҧģӾԲŹ
̧Եȥ׻ã˾ѰǺټҵ֮󾡿ܴӶ˵ȥˣ
һһѻڸͬ鴫Ϣڿ첽ϣǿѹסؿӿȵŭ𣬰˾ȰѴȳһҪչüˣ

ƽ̨ϣңңڸչü´ҲϿӱڣֻǲʲô
֮һƬضɽҡվؿ˵ϣ˫˫أʯϡ
⻹ܿģ˴˿ʲôΣڿ󾮺δûˣ
ڰϵȫּƬ̺Ҳ˹ԷģӦ̳˶չüĲӡ
һΧչüҲˢˢسԻص
㵽ʲôȫںֻǶŶչüҼöˣûô滨ģ
չü˿ңϾЦЦ侲
һڶչüĲһѪۣΪ㻹еô
ֻҪ֯־˱ãԼǰЩں֮ڣһʮڻ¡
˭֪չüԱһ˦ͷ
Ųмתȴ˱廨󡢶ƴ磬ͫ
ڱ˴·ϣ߿ɽ׵ıһȫɤۣ֪еƺ׿ӦΣֲɵԹԼҹȻ˴©ͬǵߡ
˿ʮֱŴ۾ɵöˣƴҡͷ﷢ء
ڶչüϵĵһ֣
չü˿ȷʵҶ˫ۿŴλŮɾҪԵͷˡҶŮ˿ǲϧġ
˿ú޲ܰƤѣֻ˵һ
Ա߶չüһӵϣĵҲ廨
ಡһϷһ֧ǸֱϣˡӴһ֧ȳǰ˵ϡ
ͷԵֻһŹ¹⹴ճ굥ӰͷϷ΢ƮţЩ콵˼
ֻ˵ǵǳû𣿣
ӦѸ٣һܹһˣ絽ǰͬʱûϵһ߿ǶˣϷҲٴγһ˵ļ򣬱ˡ
չüһ֣ϣ
飬׼Ϊڻʣµľֱ緽
ζҪҪͿˣ
̶һ˲ѾõµĲ⿪ϵҲѸٽĶչüļƻ
˿һСңŶչüޱҪǶ֣ҾŽҩƳ潫ﱩǣ֮ڣͻᱬ༫ѿᲨߵˣ˭մѪ˭ͻΪƳһô볢𣿡
չüĿĲңɫһ˲ָ̩Ȼģλźú⶯ô
һۣ˶ֲõԤС
ŭл˵ƨţҪȻ̸ˣ
˵⣬ͷˣɵӣǹ˿ڶûǲնεҲӣǻΪ
ʱ󾪣˼˵Ǹżǰһչüŭ˵ǲģ
ôҺΣбǽȥ˰չüվ֣°ͿǰˣҲǡ
˿ŶչüҧгݣǾþȹ߸Ҫݺݵصһۺתȥڱ𴦵ͬ
ʶչü⣬Ƕô£
ʱѻ˹һ㶡
չüЦЦǵͬѾŪˡ
̲סʵô֪ϵ
⼸˶꣬ûӣԼűץΪԵʣΪһֱԻ
ҿǻ̫Ϥˣɽв𳣬ѻҲϱ߲ͬȻܹ֡Ϊץ㣬Ұѹʣµȫɳȥˣ˺ü˵صĵطϷϹҲɷѿġչüôˣ𣿡
缸˽ǳĬΪսķΧ඼۸أǴַУǲѡࡢ۵ļ
ȷʵ˲ϤĸͷԴҲ޻˵
չüֵҵĿĲѾﵽҲûȤӸλʱ䣬Ľװɡѽҩңҷȥˡ͸ˮ̲֪ǼûУһ䣬м׵λûбҵһ˴󾮽ȫ̮µˮ࣬ǵǵˣ¾Ҳ߲ˡ
˵գϷ΢Ц¹Եüɭɲ
лҪ˵
չüһģľ񣬸һ˵־裬˵ǻʽ
һʱʧߣΪŶչüҰԼ~


83 ͸ˮ
֮, ԶˮԽԽ࣬Ѿûƺ˵СȡͷĳڣһĪչ
ֻԼһˣƺ˵, һй, , Ҳֵˡ
ƫƫƫƫ׿Ӧд˽, ΪʲôܻԷ̬ϾĸоĵȻ
ǰЦ, ƴԼϣ˲ֻۣۡ
ƺ׿Ӧеĺ󱳣˽촩һɫ, Ե¶ƤӨ񣬿ȴҲǺ󱳵Ρ
ڵĶȻҲңɱϾں, һ̧ܻһ˿ڱ, ҪһˮȻᷢ׵ġ
Ľţ, һֱˮ
ȣЩʲôأ
ôȫ뿪أ
׿Ӧеû, Щ˷ܡ
ƺ˵Ǹ㶻, 秣ϰģǸӣȴҰúܣ˻˵飬ϲѰ̼
֮ǰЩƿɳµУȱգοǸƺһη壬ҲûǹʲôΣա
кڣһܻн취
㺺벻ԼҲǳԸɷģҲֵܷһЩ
һͷƺǶԼص񣬱ԷʲôתչȥײײԷҼ磺£ء
ƺʧЦļ򣺡˿ڲô
׿Ӧ̧ļ磬ֵ˵׿ڵúܣʲô
Ȼƺƣһ§һֹ䣬׿Ӧ˴ᱧ
׿Ӧʶץĺ죺ʲô
˻ûãˮƺ֮·ұߡ
׿ӦһƲʲôЦôխҪңһͷţʡʡɣ
ƺתſ󾮾Ȼһ£ȷʵЩխֱ׳һߵʱٷ
˷绯ôԱ䲻䣬Ҳ֪ˣ
ǶϸҪս󣬹ƺ˸׶֪ǶҲϡ棬ƺҲûڡ
ƺ׿Ӧϵ˵࣬Źߣ¶ЦȻҪˣñ㡣
׿ӦͻȻסƺĲӣһڣʾػͷ۹ߣ߾͹˭뿴Ա߰ô
ôӵۣƺֿ˻еɣиһ𳶱ͷҲɵͦ
ƫͷ׿ӦУ˹ŲӣСһҺΡ飬ɰˡ
ƺϲɴǸСãҪװǡ
׿ӦлǾñŤʾƺƺΣֻ
ǰӦûһڣǹȥ׿ӦŶԷǰߡ
У̫ΣˣǱߵˮƺǰԽԽǵˮ˹ǱˮҿɽױƣǴʱп̮
ô˵׿Ӧвɵģ֪꼺ͺ͡ûӳҲ¶ԹѾϾҪ˵ˣƺİء
űôһҲǣȥ취źţҪộҪôҳ㶯֮ע⵽С
ҲУﲻ͸̻ƺ񶨵Եһξ룬㴫ȥֻϡһƣҹδܷ֡
ͻȻ˿ڣ⸽ףŴȣ
ƺԲۣǲ汻ײˣôǰ˵
˭֪ûˣȻҳҪŭֻһˣ
ƺ䡰ߡһӸٷϻȥң
ڶӸλǰҲٶȥ˿ԾǡƽȮۡȰԼӳȥлƺˣѹסͷŻͷھԵѰ׵ĺۼ
Ѱ֮ʱƺԶۏˮ˼ͨڿһۣȻлӷɫâ
״磿
ƺ׿ӦѭŹҹȥ㿴꼴˿̹վѾϥˮУϻһˡ
̫ˣӳˣƺʱ˿ӹ͡վţҷŻôǡ
׿Ӧ⻰ͻһƺһۣû˵ֻʵɷд󰭣
ǵĽҩѹˣǡ
꼻û˵꣬ƺѾ˺͡󱳺ϵ𾪵ǾȻ´˺֣
ʱչüˣڿףǶҷƣһַھϣҿ࣬ȻӲȥˣֻû뵽չüȻк֡
Źȥ⴦¹ʣȻҲ֪ˮգ̾ˣűź͡һ·ѭżǺ߸ϣһѰҳ·һϣƺϡ
͡ƺվֱ˵磬лᡭӳȥ𡭡ҡ
ƺļ򣺡ٷϻɣʱˣҶ㲻ܣο磡
ԶͻȻι𣿣ƺڴˣˣ
ƺҵˡ
ǹߣ꼶ʱ˫Ŀ죬ҪȥˣǲǶչü⣬Ѻ͡Ƕϵȷʵǹߣ
׿Ӧס״磬ʱ˵ʱ򡣡
ҧÿ죬ͷƺ
ƺһͷΣȴ̲˫ȭž䴦ʯڣŹߵķ۾ƺлա
ִ͡ļϣ硭ȳȥ˵ܣ𡭡
˵ˡִ̧ϣĿ䣬ƺǿŵŭǿѹסס
֪ԼܻӭҲûûȤȥкֻԶԶƺ㵹סϽȣСݻ˿ڣ
ƺô˿ӹ·ǵˮѾûϥϷ
ʵ״磬ǹһ·ϣûв鿴ĳڣ
ĳֻһǻӡĨ˰Ѷͷϵĺεȥ˿·
׿ӦüƺչüгڶˣײµԻ󣬿Էɢ״֡
ûϵĻÿڸڣ׾ɵóƺź͡ǰߣߣȥ

ԵвֻõʿڶڳڵĴʯ壬вſ׸
ڼԱһֱȥɵôڿڲڣ
ļ򣺡û˼ҲҶ
ǲǲĸڿʼԼɣ£µøľżƵģקһקһ⻹У
ҪԼ쵼ʧְǹ
ֲ࣬˵ֻͷɻ
һһӣ¶չüʱĹ˵ڿڡŶ䣬ʱʱ˦˦ͷڲҲüô
һĵ֣ŪˣСС˱ˡ
дҽ¡ںңרȥ
顢ʹ˿ܹǻϡ
ҵĶ𣿣鼱شеȥǣ
סУ󾮱ըһΣṹȣµԽԽ׳Σգʵţ
ɫصǵÿ㣬չüмû
嵶δϻƺĴȫˣչüˣ
æڣǡ
ԣҸȥҲûãȷռϷ硣磬罻˽ҩæˡ
޺ģˣ
ڼسŸ´𣺡˭𣿣

˵
ңڵص̫Ӱ
ڴڳڵģͣ
Χͻذ
ڳڵǲ㿴ҿ㣬۵Сۡ
סߵһ׸ſ£ԭǶˣϡ
ڷԼĶȷʵǲˣܵУοڴĶˮĭһĶ䣬ôһ˲䣬ԼѾˣ
Ҳſ˹ôô
ҡҡͷڲ˼֪ûУЩʡ
ͻȻֿڴһ󺰵ңж
򡰱ֿȥƿԱˣ״󺰣磿ƺڣ
˵״ܲҪΪ˼һܱտռĶҲ֪ܲǴߴȥĺڳɤӴ󺰣غš硱͡ƺ
顢ȫΧ˹ƵΧſһȦ
黹һ߰ǻ磡磡棡Ӧһ
ΣһֱͣһͣߵĶ
ŷӦ꣬
ѶϣϢţû˵Ķ˰أ̧ͷǸšϢĻűͭдû
жˣڵùӣ
鲻̾Ȼ죬ʡóɤӺˡ
СӣƨЦһĺס
ûйɣȫжϲԼҴ磬Ĵǳŵİţ
˶ҳĿ۽ſϵĴǽơ
ֳһļž
Ƭ̧̺ͷûи˵˵˶ӣӾȳȥˮ͵ˣ
绶ִ̧ϣڣУ˵ͺ͡һ𡣡
̳һĪۿʼȣһͦվָԱߵˣʼ£أ졢忪
æһļæȥڳʯ帽
ҲûŻھҵ嵶ʵǲ㡣
ѾӲϣһͷ˰Զϣ׼¿󾮾ˡ
æ磬Ҳȥ
ȥʲôȥСƨԶ㣡ڴһӣԼǼȥ϶ӣ˦áˣϹվţҶչüҪץģ
ǣ
ԶһӰǲߣͬһ㡣ߵˣעȫڿ󾮳ϣĴڣ
ĬĬڵæȻ죬ȴ˷ɡ
첲˵ʱϲô
е㲻ԾΪʲô״ֱڴʯ壿Ǹ󣿡
ʲô⣿粻⣬ѵΪſ⴦ﺰô
ҡҡͷǲԣû⣬粻ȵڵзӦһźš
䣬ǼѾʯῪһ̽ͷ嵶ʹͱͱɵ˵ңڡǱˣ
ʲôڷѪ˿۾ʱ߹ƿԱߵˣಡһ˫žʹˡ桱
ȥıڣƿڴ쵰˵Ȼˣڵģڣûûסģ
顢Ǽ֪ԶչüĽթһڱסˣĿ϶Ҳһ
ȻƬ̣׷׻ػ
ߵĳҲˣ
Ҳǣ
סֿҲǷסģ
ڴӳԵĻһ죬ڣˣڣڣ
Զʣµļվ£
һ˵ǽҲڿ᲻ᡭ
ᣡһ˸ɴϵǶı뵽İ취ҪĻܻƺˡ
ƺôܡ
йɽܣƺһϹ
ڸô죿ҪóȻȥʣЩ˶Źǡ
ҸطΣڿ󾮣Żˣ

ǵˮѾ˵ؿڣҲԼͬڽվţͼˮԶһ㣬˿̵ˮƱ֮ǰӿѹؿ˾úѡ
ƺ§׿ӦУԱߣ꼳ź͡ǣ˾ĬԼϷڴھ
վ׵һ࣬ʱʱɨƺһۣϾ֪ԷǰѶʲôѾһ̣ĵܻʱ˰һ
ƺ׿Ӧе˿ݽˮҪС
׿ӦпЦ磬Ѿˣˮˮɣӳȥûˡ
ܶͦһʱҲǺõġ͸ˮ䣬ƺܸо׿ӦЩְ˴ǲǺ䣬ҽһ㡣
䣬ҷΪ׿ӦдԲѣŻӣü˫ֻסƺĲӣ밤㡣
ƺıǼ⣬Цҿ㲻ýаУýа𡣡
׿ӦЦӯӯؿΪ⡣
Ա߿꼺ͺ͡޲ԼˣذĿͶ𴦡
̲ס˾ʲôǲô
ȻΣƺĥߵĸо͸ԷһİۣȻϷףѶš
һֱ״ſţѶͷڴ󺰣磬жã˵ǱߵˮѾûؿˣ
վڳĻ⺰εظڣңһʯƾǵĹ߸ڲ
ڶڴ˫Ŀ죬͵ǰһС棬֪Щʲôһһܡ
缱ˣŴĸ첲ҡҡû취𣿣
ס֣ͼ
ͷһԱߵĿ⽻㣬ƺ뵽ʲôͻȻվعڣͬÿɽף
ɴۣǷôҪӿܻ


84 
ûɿ, ֵ۾ƺο㾡ǡ˵ըϱߣһ, һ, չüȶ, Ǿûлˡ
ڿﰡը, ǡǡˣȥܳɹȳƺ׿ӦеĻж
ǿ԰ѿɽײ⿪֮
ͷڣأ
˵Ҫɽ׵ʱ, ڼǹעһһڣԼˣ취ʵ̫, ̫ĵ
ôխ־ܹһοɽ׵ϮṹѾ᧿Σ, ֪ܲܳסڶΡ
Ǿˣ·
ŸԼͬ, Է˵ɣԼҲ˵Լ
ǰһ, еʵ𣿡
вв֪ٽӴЩ, ǸŹү, ȻûɽףǲġҽҲֻˡȣΪˣ˵е
ŵȥʺ˼
аүǻᱻ±ߵģǸϿһͨԶԶǵ̸æվ߹Ĵе
ͨҪʱ䣬չü֣ˮˣ㲻ͰҲᱻ˫סļȻԾûʲô飬Ŀȴƽ࣬ȻԼ

ÿɽըƺż⣬ϣźź󣬿ߵ׿ӦУԥ
˿ˮѾûǾ£׿ӦбĿ԰ף˫Ѿʧȥ֪˿ڴڸʮ㣬֮ǰ˺Ѻ󱻺ˮݣֱˮݣ󱳶ҧţʹƺѾ衣
֪Լ˫ûѪɫ˵ڲӵɫâһգװһ̩ȻģѾǡİ취𣿡
ƺ֪ôش⣬Ѹתͷҵȫ֮ߡ
òϣҪȷʵû취ˣŻףǰԮȡ
ƺ׿ӦУѾܲ˵£ǰδеĻҡ
;ľ£ߵĸľϣ
Ǳѡ񡣡꼿߻ͿҪʧȥ֪ĺ͡ըĻ϶ըܻл·
͡Ȼ˽ҩ嶾Ҫʱ䣬ϵ˻ڲѪֱˮݵۣһ۾ͻȥǿž仰΢΢۾Էһȿ޻ѿЦݡ
硭Ҷġ
߾ضƺͿ꼣ûп
֪ԼҲûãƺģϸ֮£취ԼҲ
ģǳڴ򿪣ƺҪһȥȻŻô죬ڱȫֵˡ
һըضһƬңû˻ȱҲܴ󣬸ӳȥ
ǵƺʱ߼ЦЦôˣ
׵£ƺȻ뵽ȻչʼδҲţ»ߴ˷ҪӳȥỳԼˮ
ֻҪðôķգԤϵġ
׿ӦмþòԣΪԼԥͷƺѴ˲䣬磬㡢𡢵ģǡһᡢûµġ
Ӱ˸Ŀռ׿Ӧе۾һǣâƺľģһҧ̧ױԵûľ˳ȥ
ը
ϱߺܿţǲֻ\\ҩԺ򡣡
ȴʱϢˮѾߣ˶ͷˮ棬ϷѰһռ䡣
һʱû˵ֻԽԽˮأ⵴˿Ρ
ͻȻߴ̵ʵʵĳĬһҪըҵǱȥʺϲĵط
˵ǱˮУʱķȥ
벻һԭˣˮԵƺ׿ӦУʣأˮô
׿Ӧݴܣ߶µ˵ᡢᰡɽɽӡ졢ҳȥΡ
ƺķҾͷˡ

ԵѾѸٰѿɽ׵ǲĺɫĩһֽ֣ưһºϡ
ͬʱҲ˰ʣ༸öɽײдŲ£һرǼߡ
ڡ顢ѾԼںϣǰɵĳȣУ׼˾˦ȥ
¾㱸֮󣬻׺ƺѶš
磬׼ˣǿҵطɣ
ƺյϢͷ촽ϱˣߣҵʵĵط𣿡
Ƭ̣ߵӲԶߣ
״磬ȹȥƺŤͷԿ꼵Ҹ˴Ѷ֮͸ϡ
꼵ͷƺ͡һ£պץҵ·
͡΢΢ۣ˵ͷ
һǱˮУź͡뿪
ߵòԶƺûףǴһһ֮󣬾Ϳʼɣ
յȷлظ֮ƺͷ׿ӦУԷҲڿԼͷһǡ
ˮѾ콫ûƺͷ¶ˮ棬һ֧ŲסĻҵֱۣУ򲻿ɷſңץҲץ·ҿЬ֡
׿Ӧп԰׵ųһЦݣգգۣʾѾסˡ
ƺŷģ֣ͬʱһͷˮѸǱȥ
ԶҲ꼵Ϊָ򣺡ϵܣߣ
ŵĻӲˮ׿Ӧâָŷ
ɫˮĵţӣǻЩĻᷢ
ƺһֱץڱˮﻹôů׿ӦһҲú£ĻϲظĿ͹ĹĵģҪһõðգ˷ܵüֱеĪ
ѡĵطȷʵԶɿ⣬Ҳһ㴦ռȽϴ󣬾ϷһһԻ˵ļ˿ˮѾ˾ԵֻʣԼԽͷ̽ȥ
һѾռˣȻǲøƺ
һ꼰Ѻ͡ȥƺ׿Ӧй˱ÿ
ƺͷ˿׿ӦУ׿Ӧп꼵Ķڰ֣ʾԼҪ
ʱҲûǽ飬ֻһֻƺһѣߣھϡ
ƺ׿ӦнˮУ΢ɫĹ⣬ӶЦ
Ҫǰ׿ӦܱܾãڿΪ̫飬Щﲻסˣϸϸ³һĭ
еżſɽ׵ʲôʱأһԼɾͳŲסˡҲƺöԷż
Ƭ̣һĬĬ˼׿Ӧб㿪ʼԴƺͷŤһߣ۾࿸һᡣ
Ǳ£ԽԽܣѾָſȥȡһ΢СȻһţȽһˮ
׿Ӧпʼǰڣؿ񱻴ҹƵģƵòС
ðǣҪʧȥ֪ʱһֻ°ͣԴû׿ӦзӦһ˫Ĵ͸ԼϣǿӲΪɽһ
˶ˣ׿ӦۣӨӨɫ΢⣬ǰƺŭĿӣĵسԷЦЦ
ƺɷ˵ٴȥ׿ӦеĴ޲ðԼеϢС
䡱һԶƵıƺʶס׿ӦеĶ䡣
󾮾ҵһ£űɳʯžصˮˮЩﶼעˮ
ƺһֿٽ˾ԵʯУԼƯ𣬼ˮƽУһֻѸٱ׿Ӧеȣ¿ٳʯͷҵ
׿Ӧ泯ϳˮƺ֧穵ӣȻЦ۾ʶض˶촽С³һݡ
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аڣһҲ㲻ʲôˡ
ûãԶʹĽк磡и磡ģˣ
Ȼڵ磿ң
ź͡ķǱȥ
ƺǣ׿Ӧе֣
һĬĬں棬Ǳ־롣
ڳǰͷͨһųŵĻӣһֻӣɿΡ
һˮб˴ɳ̶ֱӵĹ⵲ȥ˴룬ֻ¶һӰ
һΣЩɳ𽥳ȥҰһЩ㿴ӭĿ꼺ͺ͡ϽӸǡ
ҺˮԼⷽģһֻź͡һְˮץǽӣѸٻ˺͡ϣȻץжΣڴƣߡ
ڻ⣬̵ͷſ꼺ͺ͡һըĿȥ
֮ˮ˿̰ι˳ˮƺץסͷѧڵӣѸٵͷΡ
ƺ׿ӦץסжΣǰ棬Լץסĩˣں
ǰûãͿǴõľϱڴ˿Ѿ˺һԼһɳĿӣ΢ӿ˽Ȼֻʵİ׹⣬ȴѸ˴޾ϣ
εÿ죬ѾȥȻת͡ͿԱǵĻҲüְֻ֣˽ŵذǼקȥ
ƿǴ綼һߣŵ¿š
Уû°ɣ翴ðͷ
ƺ׿Ӧиˮ棬غһʵĿȻǻ΢Ц
ûˣƺһϱߵ飬ϱһȥ
ӱϣתƺ֣˷ܵ磬ָң
ƺߵ׿ӦУУϡ
ʲôȵģҲ֣ǳûôһ𣡡
üＷһߣʲôûӣСĵȥץҵ֡
ǰɣƺЦȥٸˡ
Ȼ͵ƺ׿ӦͬʱȥʱڳˣͻȻˡۡһ죬ضɽҡ
űǡۡۡۡۡ
಻һĿӾҵ
ִ󺰣ãչüˣ
ƺѾˡ
ײĿͻݣˮλҲƣƺ׿ӦеĸȻʧ׹ǰϹȴָֻ˸߶˹ȥ
ʧ
ƺ׿Ӧ֣˲ԼͬȥץŸոշſӣ鷢̫ͻȻ˭ûץסȥʯڣȴ޴ץʯֻ֣ʯѪۡ
ֻʼ䣬ƺʶץ׿Ӧе
˾ô׹ȥ
ؿǵˮϵĺڶУ޳ᣬ磡и磡
ֱҪˣԼûӣ̽ҺһץסҪȻҲᱻõȥ
ǧһ֮ʣƳһԷŵװڴص£ѸȥһץǸƺķȥ󺰵磬ץסװ
ƺ˿Ѿ׿ӦбЮˮ߻أתµ
һɲĿƳѿԵһǱȥ
ǿЦ
ڰû֮ǰƺ޿κε롣

Ƕչü󾮵׶һſɽף˿ЩȫһĿȫȥ
͸ĵˮ˴״̬ɽ廬£ԵҲʮֲȶǲʯҡҡλΣƺҲݵ˼
ڽ˻ſ꼺ͺ͡ѸΧʣµ˹顣
ңҰӣȥȺи磡Ųˡ
ڴһӣ£קߣ
ӣһʹͰӿӱˡ
绹ãдĸ첲ƴɲţſڿӱ¿ţۿᣬ૵߶Ͳôһ㣬Ͳһ㡭
룡ϵܼ࣡׳һѾĺģȻ첲סȥѾȣǱҲܼʱڳģڻһºҪȥץչü
ڰtڵһǡʱ˹ңſչüɽˣ
̵ȥץ
ʵܲĬĬſľԮʲôС
һļ򣺡ߣ

ƺԼǱˣһֱת׹ֱҪҡԪȴҲףѡ
ֻۣһֻƴ˵󲻸ҷſ޷ں׿Ӧе֣ȥԷǲǻš
֮ʣо˺߬߬ȭͷǣļ⣬·ǸӦľѶš
ƺѸһֻ֣ƴͷϵţţϣӸǸ
ཬʯƺ﷭ȥƻϡãȫоʹһδץգһδ֣е÷·һľż
˿׿ӦеͻȻ۹Ҳץס󣬲ǼֱǸƺע޾͵һ
ⶼܳȥˣҸиô£кҪأ
ƺţͻȻָ㴥һϤĲʣʱͷƤ飬
ҵˣ

ԵҲȥץչüֻʣ´¡
ǰδеƺĵ׿ӦеĽֹסشۿµ촽ţ˵
§ļᣬһ仰Ҳû˵
֪˵ʲô·˵ʲôǶġ
ѾˣһҹĿҲ˿ø
ƽƽһӣȴڶչü£Ĺߡ
ͻȻԶһǿӿӵʲôڽ£ǳһţȫ
˷ܵģģһǸӦʲô
ͻվӱȥߣȥ
粻鲻ԸظϣţҲҿ¡
仰ҭ˺ΪǰԶ룬ĵطһ˫ĳ򡰺طõЦݡ


85 
ճ̫ô, ˶һߣҲ֪Щʲôȫǌ, ԡ
ƺһֲٿų, һֽ§׿Ӧе, ׿ӦҲ˫ֻļ, ʹס
˷ɵø߸ߵģɽɽϲľ, Ǵ˿̽ٺ顣
ϴδɻ۸ľȫһƺ׿Ӧմ͵ССèƵ, Ưֿɰ͹Ĺĵģ·ʲôĴײ
׿Ӧͷ, ۾գգͣʲôһ
ǻûڡƺЦ, ҵ
׿ӦɽͰͦοüۣĬһͻȻһ¡
ʲô
۸һ, ҵҲر죬Ǻ¡׿Ӧ΢΢۾, ǸʱҾ͌㶯, ֻԼ֪
£׿Ӧе۾ǳǳɫ͸ҪȴִȻĹƻƺͫףоԼĻҪˡ
ؿҲ಻סֱͻȻһֻ֣ƺԴ£ݺ׿ӦеĴϡ
ǳҵúܣ˺ҧɣƺֱҪ׿Ӧ̽УڻԼղ˱ͬһԲԪӴٲֿ
׿Ӧн§ļͬػӦ໥ţ˺ţǣű˴˵ĻǣĿڵĻԽԽҪ˶ȼƵġ
ǵĵ㣡ͻȻ
ƺɿ׿ӦеĴڳһۣ
һǰľҡҷľ޴죬һȺܵţط׷׷졣
缫εͬʱۡ
Ÿ;Уڳǣûܼʱ˫˫ײ
Ҳ

һĿӿӱڻ˴룬ʯ˿ӵףӿȵˮ˳ڣҲ׷صף׵شȥ
˿һжƽ˿ԵһСɽطʲôûƵģӳŻͷˣԵΪЦ
Źϵƺ׿Ӧ˳ᣬ˿µܹȥںϡ
˵ɽŴ׷ܵĶչü˫һԲϣ
ܺϵôŹءƺ׿ӦеһҲɣŲæţչü̫ϾɱˣԼû뵽Ṧһɡ꼺ڶŹ
ҳô󣬻ûôĴˡ̾۾΢΢ףȶϸթ
ᵽϸ׿ӦͻȻʵܳȥ𣿡
ˣæըڵʱļ¾ڸؿţչüһſɽ׵ǻߴըѿڽΪǲע⣬ƨˡ

˿̣պƮһһ߹̺ڴУ߶µغȲ衣
䣬ˮݾˣǾñ
ڿӴ裬ᣬļҲҽڴϵһСԼҽ⸱ͷģټϳ³ǰնûܻȻ֪˲С飬Ҳҿʡ
Ъ˺ðΣ߲žȺѵ·һɾӡ
ûɣ
µСû⣬һֱţи
š˿ҪûסǿǰʯͷԼĽš
񣺡ʲôԸ
ϻмչüˣûеش´Ϳͷģʣûõȫɱˣι㣡

͸յĴ沨Եĺ棬ɫ
ûôԱĻᶼûУֻɱйߡ
ҧгݵĵչüڿϣ㣡

չüֱӷеֱ䵽˱㡣
֮ǰ˶һ̽꼵
˵꼺ͺ͡ûըչüʵԾԲһס
ȻⶼûŪǣչüֱĿࡣ
ʲôģȻô󣿣
ֻڸĵģԼΪǰվŵĿ꼺ڣǱֱ뽫̻ˡ
ڴĻչü´ص㶢ŶչüĿ뽫׽˴庮ӣ֮Щʷ˵ַϹһ顣
һҹֳô£ҪˮܰͷҪţҲά֮ľЭ
չüָʹߴ͸˺͡ĺǣҪѶչüùͷ鵽ƴƴ
һŻӣһǱУսͺܴ󣬴˿սռϷ硣
չüЩٶҲûãѵرһʮټϼ۵飬Ǻܿͽµں֮סõס˶չüĲ
ס޲Ҫչü͵ضһ첲ڣ˿ŭﵽ壬Եر侲𼱣ȥˡ
ŵŭϿ̸ˣ
СֵĪţѺ庮̣֮ȫ˶СֹһǰĵЦ⡣
ضŶչüһţ˿ֻƺ׿ӦУû˼ôʰˡ
չü;ĩ·ҲûԵرңĳ°ܽķڷ
ƿڴޣʲôҴǰԳ°ܽҴɲǲãȮƵҧŲţʲô
ѶִչüƽֻһҪ֮ǰܲҼ϶һ棿
ڼ⸱ӣװʲôʥ
꼌Ŷչüޱ飺ʡʡɣҽߣ
ǰչü廨
ѹؿһۣأû˵еǣǵǱʵ

˿̱ǹѾߵ˸͸Ҷļ϶ӰӰ´µؿҪڣȴһԵƺͻȻ̧֣ͣ
׿ӦӦֹػܣѹôˣ
б˹ˡƺüȰ
ԶȥƸأܵϸ΢𶯣ò١
ˮ˰ɣɵʲôܰͷ
ߵĴȸʮãȻŵûʲô
ǰҲ쵽˲˹ˣû𣿡
ҲѾ죬ôʣ̰ĿͶ
ãȻһЦЦ㶼ˣ𣿡
꼌ſбȭ¼ȻѾˣΪλҪͷ¶β¶棬ʲôҪǴ촰˵
˰˳ܰͷŽ˻˽ᵹҲãΣ춼ҪѶչüߡ
չü˵Ҳô룬ʱЩϾʮʮǸܰͷܻɻϣ쳤˲һֻƴĶ졣
ͷ¶βڣֻû뵽λôߣôԶͷǵ١
Զһ˵űǸOO@@ĽŲ
һ̣һȺʿˢˢΧס⸽Сɽ·һųվ˿ǰ
꼡ڲ۾վںѸٵͷͼ㡣
ԶƺҲʮ⣺ôˣ
׿ӦСʹèƵضŲԶͬŴ졣
չüһԼʶˣһȺɫЩζ
幰֣Ҫڣǡ
λܣ۸ָʹ壬ʥ׽ñӱˣѭһ·˵ءʹ󱦵ˣκջ񡣡Ͼڿ꼺ϴһĿ⿴ʮֺ棬Ŵ˴춯ӱǰ鿴֪λûмǼ˰
ǺĵҲһ롰ᡱʶģ˿ȴһزʶģʵÿԻ
׷ġӱȻƺûˡ
֪˺«ʲôҩ
벻ףƺ̫ˣԺٺֱ֡
׿Ӧеδˌǹذмӡ
ǿɲƺ󣬡ôۡ
猝ⷬҪ۷˸ۣȻô˵ʵͨˣδ໤
ȷʵҪץˣȻܿǰ顣
ƺһƨڵϣ׿ӦжۣҲ£Ҫתඣ

꼌һ֣ˣ֪
ƫͷ˿վŵ飬ζŶ
ˣչüͻȻͨһڵأߵˮֶչüҹЩͽɽǡǾ̾ɵĺڰͷ˰ץˣ
չüתúܿ죬ˮٸкҪǱүץȥԼȻܹȫˣѸץסȡ
ˣתȥָ飺ҼμɣЩͽۣͬ˵ǴҪҵˣ
վںߵͷҧأͬʱһץס󣬲
ҪǿǾޣԼǰء
Ŷ𣿡˳Ŷչüָʾķɷнµؿ˿Ŀ˼ء
˺һ㱡飬תþΪץ˵ģŵսսŵ˼㡣
ź̾˿Ҫҵˡ
ؿڣ˿ԴҲʺš
ﵹ˵˼΢΢ЦЦ
չüҲˣĵǰϹ𣿲û
꼺ڽ˸񣬺ҲĦ˴˴⡣
Զƺֵø¸ЦھͲһ̹Ӷˣ
ϻһûԶǰˡ׿ӦƵɱʲôԵˡ
ⲽչüǰźλֵܣɵΰܣĳûȨڴ˵ץˣ¶ҿ°ﲻ㡣
չüǰϥ˼ܻô˵ҲǴ׵Ĺ٣ܲһձåѹɣ˾Ȳһ
忴꼣꼼ɲҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪ôģǿڵ⻰ҲɣҰɽãʲôԩ龡ܸ˵ô
⻰չüɴ⣬ͷллˣллˣ
üΡ
ס񣺡λȷʵЩСڣҪǰ˵˷Ҳˡ
˵ͷ㵹£ΪѡˣȰ˴ߣúñ
չü˷ܵվԼɰ˭֪ʿﻹһʱɵۡ
һʿΪܣܵ
˵ձ㲻ɷ˵Ӷ˶չü죬òסĶ䣬ֽͷ£ؿˡ
ʣµĶչüĿ࣬֪Ǻá
ߵǰϥأлָʹһ֮ʣΪмܲһݣ
𣬱Ҳҷ֮£ҪóȻץˣԹٲһҿɲý嵥ֽ꼷˳˸ô˿ţֵףҵ߸ʽͷͰ˻㡣
꼴ͷɫؽǶ߬ģл
˺˼˿ɽ̾˸գ߰ɣǻȥ⼸˴ܵÿɹģץӴ
һ߸̾ţһߴ뿪ܿ˳˴ҵҰ֮С
ƺŴ׿ӦдӺ̾ż첻ָʹôϷˡ
磡û̫ˣһ嵽ƺǰסȦˣи磬ˣҺû£
ƺļ򣺡˺ˣˡ
￴ƺȫȫβģʱҲһͻȻЩǰڣֱ׹
ۼֿ죬˼ߣһѣû°ɣ
ĸ첲վȣ΢΢ЦеͷΡ
òɿƺſ첲Ҫȥ׿ӦУƺƵһߡ
Ϲ˭أ𿪣ƺ׿Ӧǰװģ飬е˵㣡
׿ӦпһӯӯЦţޱȿģͻȻ֮תһϵȥ
ƺ̱סϱɫУУ
ڲǲǶģ
˰׿ӦеĶͷƺһۣյø¯Ƶģоô
ָ̧ƺĶͷεѹ֣Ҳյòᣡ


86 
׿Ӧתʱ, Լһ᷿Ĵϣͷϻһë
Ӧи磬ˣС˹ɵĻˣ
أ
ء, ¶ſ߳˯ƺ, С, Ҳˣǲ˯, ˵Ҫ㣬ڴȥſϡ˭֪ҩ˷, ûסô˯ˡҲûҶŪֲ˯ˡ
ƺſ˯˫ֲЩ, סһЩϸС˿ڣ϶ͷҲҩ࣬һɫͿû, ȴҲûסǹӢ
׿ӦԶԶ˯գЦЦô
ͷ, ˿ڷףһЩڸоõô
ȻȫʹǱ˴һְѹͷƴȥ, ׿Ӧоûʲô赭д˵öˡ庮𣿡
ǰ, Һ;˾˾Ͱˣһҹ, Լɽ죬Ҳ֪ʲô£ŵҶû˯áڴأ۰Ͱ͵ؿ׿ӦУӦи磬ͰǧҪѽ
׿Ӧͷİɣ㰢ôб¡
ȥߴҵ˾͸˵
ţȥɣʱҴԵģˡ׿Ӧ˵ɫڣѾ˯һ죬һһҹûʳԼͷȥ
ıܣѽ
ˣ׿ӦǿԼ󱳺ͽϵ˶¹ˣ·Ҳ˸ɾģҲһЩֹ۵ҩûôˣֻǻ
վ;ԼЩдȫ֧ŲסΥԼ־ֱ׹Һһ˫˹§˻
׿Ӧ̧ͷƺһ˫üĵЦ
ƺһ£ĺ󱳣һֲĸ첲Żشϣһ˯ģһۿϹڣĥҰɣ
㣬ȥ㡭
ƭ˵ı»ƺ˵ıǼ⣬˵ɣʲôҪҪˮ
׿ӦҡҡͷһŤŤģĨɵĺΣųĽë˼ˡ
ƺʱˣתӴһ׿Ӧǰһţôôɰأⶼҳȥš
˭ˣô˵أ׿Ӧһס󣬡һȥéްɡ
ƺţǲˡô
ȥ͸͸׿ӦԾȸѵʱһʵڲŪùζֲϰźǾȥé޸á
ƺ룬Цһ£ɫȥéҲУиұ㣬ڵϹû˿
׿Ӧдۣſһ᷿;˵ǺڵϹԺﵽŵƣʯܹҵֽҲִ
ôˣľСˣƺкƺΪӡ˵Ҫȥéһ˸ָ·
׿ӦߵƺѲ˼̧ƺҲټʣ˵͸͸
ƧƺŵǸ͡סһСԺ͡еأ״ź˳Ӧ
ôˣ׿Ӧйĵ˵˹ͷһʱѿɣ
ƺߣүҲ˵ΣҪİɣҪҲѵġ
׿ӦŵЦЦǵǡ
һʣҲ·
ƺĶǰ㶼ˡ
׿ӦоеΪ飬֪ôӣȥе㲻ˬҧһڣϸϸӡҪ
Уû⡣ôŵʱ򿴣ǵ˯Լ֣ƺñҧһڻͦҪ˵ŵʱ㿴ңҿ㣬ͣܡ
ܸƨ׿Ӧеֱ첼ڿе˵ţߣȻһ
éߣ׿ӦҪԼȥƺ˼˼ģҪȥ
׿ӦΣʲôǰҰǸҷţ
ƺһɴЦŻŤû꣬Ȼǻ˵绰ô˸Ƶġ
׿ӦСһϵ˭Ťˣұǲںţ
ƺλںһﲻס򡢼ߣҪǿװµӣ̲ס͵Ц
ŤŤİʵȤ
é޳׿ӦбʾԼߣܾƺһص᷿ʹѾڵˡ
Щʱ׿Ӧлȥ֮󣬴Ź·ϸƺһ·ż˵ǹǺ˲
ƺԼҲۣϣϹοô˵˵̹Щ
ô򱻴һ·庮ſڣƺ׿Ӧдϱʱ򣬴οһ䣺û󰭣̫飬ͺˡ
⻰ƺǳ˶裬׿ӦҲˣҲˣɿࡣ
ٴθ׿ӦкƬ̺ţûд󰭣ŰɣЩ嵭ġ
׿ӦԼҲ˿ߣĻϲҪãȻһʳУװûװˡ
ʳôһȭͷС룬װһӰװ׵ûлǶûУž˾Ȼζ
ƺ仯ˣ庢һ˵һһҹûԶֻܳЩģȵһӣȥġ
͵ѽѽӦи磬ڳθõˡ
׿ӦбûζһʳûУꤵģڷûоˡ
ƺǰһƣ㲻ô԰ɡ
ҸջʱԹˡƺʵڳԲȥģȻȥҵԵġӦи硣
شӦˣƺһš
׿Ӧмģſһ棬˾ôˣ
û仯ſϣؿ⣬ó֪ôȥұס
Ȼͷʿ״磬еģ˵۸ܻܹ󡣡
ĿһǮû⣡µ˰ιץ˻ѳ˷ԿףһһһˣеƱͷûˣֵǮأҺ;˾ġҺöչüûü֡
׿ӦԼСӣĹҲأȻŶҲôǮþУû뵽۶
뵽˭⣿
м⻹˽̣Ͷ˷ˣ˾ƽ˦ƹ˿˶֪ξ˾˳£ȻҪЩǮܻѹӡ
׿ӦвɶĴָʰ·硣
Ӧи磬׷ʲôѽϣſϴչʣ˵չüץˡ
̫ˣ׿Ӧֻ֪˶չüڱһᣬ׷ʣܶ˵ʲôˣ
СҿǰѶչüһСӦ̣еرҡ
Сƨ쵽ҹʲôЩ֪¶ƺŽŸСüŭĿȥ˾ˣСѹ㡣
ϹȻţһУ⻰̴ܣﻹ߶ǻӲţ˾ӣ
ƺ̾˿Ҳ֪⺢ĴҴëʲôʱܸģѵҪСû˹ܣҪǴҲ챻һͷ
׿ӦеĿȫСϣҲ֪뵽ʲô̿ˮ־Ҫãʲôˣ
ƺԱߣ򿪣ֻмСƿӣǵζϣȻ󼦵
Щ׿ӦжʱʧôҲиȲŶԡ
һ̣ȹ˿ںһ㣬׼Ϻõġƺÿմ˵˳̵ǹûζģ㳢䷽
δ򿪵ζƿϵӣ׿ӦùһƿţǴףµ
ƺסͺεȣְѼãÿŽ˵ССĴʱˡ

ɫζڱǶƣ׿Ӧжʱʳָ󶯣æ룬Ⱥһų˿ڽ֭ļŶƺ۾óԣ
ƺЦеؿһ磺ԣҭš˵˱ɫصģͺʹҷŵҲ࣬ζͳɡһˣҿǳ㹽ϺףȻͷȥ뼦㻬ģһ׼ϲ
׿Ӧżζʱ;öòУԵԽżƺѣǱҭˣƿɤﲻϲ£ʳ񶼱סˣ߬ȭͷá
ҵڣ㣡аԼؿڵõģƺ˱˳ְࡣ
׿Ӧбҭͨ죬˿ˮ˳ȥ٣Լ಻̫ãʧ棺˵Ҹˡ
ƽԷȷʵţҲǴСɵϰߣƺͷһμô̻ʣҲ֪ȷʵǶˡ
ҲǣǰûôԶˣҲ˶ٱģϵж˿ڣ˭֪žһһҹûϷ˲ղŹ֡
ƺһۣţȥȥ
Ȼͷˣȥ
׿Ӧһסƺ˼æˣֲǷͰʵҲ۴СԱˣʲôˡ
ƺģ治ˣ
ȥɡ

Ƭǰ꼺˵͡ˣæܹ
͡׿Ӧв࣬Ȼͱһ̤ϵ棬͡ġεˡ
ŶչüĿɽף£ҲߣȻڣҲæѰ˾ˣֻһѪҩ˺úû˿ڡ
ֱص庮ӣһҽ޲ñɺüá
ȿº͡ˣÿ취ȰϵȡȻܵ׿ӦǸˣҴҹ꣬ͬҩҪȥץҩҩֵ˺͡
Ҳ˱Ѻ͡˿ڴú׵һҲûʲô⣬Ϊ˲صģ鷳һ㣬ҪǶչüͺˣٻʸ͡ιĵʲô
䣬ҿ꼣˵үţ¸ˡ
һ⻰Ҷף˸ͻˡ
꼵ĺ͡壬Ųʹ죬¿ҵ˷йڣ̳ţһ˺֮֡͡
ҺòʲôƫҩǴģ֮ǰƺø꼵İٽⵤӦýⶾԽ˴룬Ѹʣд˸֢ҩķӣȥ塣
׿Ӧзջ˯˿֮⣬໹۵ģһ죬Ҫ˯
ͬ͡һһҹĥ˶ˣյü־壬һȻ˼ΣѣһֱϣղŸոˣɸձΪա
ôѹˣҶæǰæźţֺ
͡ڴϣ꼺ڣžҪ
úŰ㣬ˣʲôڴϴһѰ˻ȥñӡ
ڴߣ鵣ǣоô
ȡǰʲô͡ţŬǣҪЦûЦ
ںٺЦЦҪǽ᰿׼ͷߡ˼ҹô˵˵û¶ô
ᰣ꼵ɫ΢΢е䡣
͡һҲʱü֣ǣҺ׵ģ
ҧҧ飬ñңѩˣҷֵ塣
ûУûУ͡ҵشϢţ鼱Уǡǡ
𼱱𼱣ԽԽ˵ڶڴͷḧĺ󱳣ҪȻͷ˵ûȥ
Ȼͬ͡⣬ҲҪ˵ںͿ꼾ֻĵĿİذԭί˵һ顣
ԭ͡ȷʵûʲô䷢ĴڣʱǳԾû뵽Ȼ˿Ըѩ˳
㶯˼ҪָȻٰǰϣܹȴȥѩˣߵ˺ú
ᰶԴһŲ֪ˣ֤͡
¶ɫһһףһŭһֱ͡뷨ˣʵʡ
͸ƨһĺ͡ļ򣬳ץҸϱɼҰɣϹˣ㶼˵Ҳɰ
͡һãȻҡ
˿Ҳˣ˵ãһΪ㰵ѩ˶꣬ڸԼ˸û뵽Ǹ硭
ڣҪ˵ɫԺҪᣡ
磬ҡ̡١ȥ͡ż
ࣺѾѩˣҲǡڣͷЩ̲⣬߰ɡ
ҿɲɣڱǽڴ˶ȡ
꼿ü
ڿź͡һ᰹ϲô죿밡һ湫ӣ˵ҪĸﲻģҲŲԧ¶
ȿȿȿȣ͡ÿûȿȡ
ʱţŽᰱҩ硭
꼺ڶڣʱΪ飬ͷ
ڿ꼺ͺ͡ɫҲ̲ס̹Ц


87 
׿Ӧкƺߵ͡ʱ, ڣ洫޼ɵĴЦʮ⡣
Ʋأ׿Ӧк
ƺƲƲ죺ûΡ
׿ӦŹֵؿһۣС죺ʮЦٲ
ƺִ, ί, ʲôˣôܸ첲գ
׿ӦдЦЦҲ֪, ʲô˰
ƺѿڶ࡭
ʱſˣ᰺ͷܳ, С鲽Զˡ
һ۱㿴ƺЦӴϵܣ׿ϵ, 
˽ƺ᰹ôˣ
׿Ӧм꼺ͺ͡鶼εúܣ̧ƺһѣСˡ
Ҳûʲô, һʶѣڴӴ, ׿ϵҲǴ󲡳, ɱˡ
ϴݳʱ׿ӦֻԶԶ͡α߹ȥ, ʵд󰭣
͡˵ƺ׿ӦеĹϵǰĴץŵ¶, ˼ҡˡе㲻˼û¡
꼿ƺҪ˸˵, չüˣ˵Ҫѽɰ˵
׿Ӧһ̿ƺ
һԣƺɫҲ̫ԣʣôˣ
ƺʵܾסڹ常ѧصĺգĹ߻⡣
̫ˣ̾
Ҳᾡ̣ǰȥ̽ƺ˼Ҿù߲ҪѽɰǴ´½·ɰ𴦡
׿ӦеͷԣҪʲôڹ֡Ҫʲôͻػ϶Ҫҵعϡעĵط
ĥţ;Ҫˡɽֶ࣬ءս꣬죬ҿԸǻŵͼ
ǿɾͶлˡƺ꼣֪״绹Ҫô
꼿ЦЦӻͳһݸƺҵģ㿴
ƺӹ׿ӦҲչд֡͡š
֣ƺɵ˴ﺫָʹһˣ
͵һƺļ򣺡ջسǲ֪ȷʵ˳ŵͨɵĴСﶼǵĻȷץǵġװʶһΪ飬ǵݣݸ˿ǴϢΪץʵΪ͡
꼵ͨһֵܲصģӣû˻ٸĸʾֻ˹ǻҪ취װһ
⻰ǱҪų뿪ƺһ֣л״硣
ĶŵЦмһ˿֪ˣϵܻ᲻ǳͷˣ
ƺҲҪѴȸԼ飬Լ뿪СĻܿġ
⻰˵áҲ̫ˡƺЦ漴һϿҵףȻԭ򣬵ֵҲľλ磬ϣǳ£Ȼ飬̫
ŶȣбۿҿҲȥ
ȷʵ޶ۣԡᡯǰҲľ壬ӢΪһС±С󡣡ƺ״ҳţǸ߽֮ױչüСӡûʲô£óľǶԸСˣֹĶĵ¶ʡȷʵЦˡ
׿ӦԱᣬвˬɵζ෽ÿڴԼС̣һˮûǲǴҲԿ棬˭ǰ׼ȫ֮أһһˡ
ƺ⻰ֱ֣ȻԼ˰ǼԼһίϹǫĳ滰棬һһҪš
ͷһ׿ӦУԷһֱ׳Ϊ໤ƫ˽֮ӣӶ˺ΣӨװ͸죬һϺõܽ񣬿ɰˡ
׿ӦмζؿԼΪãɫص˻ȥһΪҲĵı顣
ƺϽֺõЦЦʾյȫգҡ
ʵ˺ⷬ͡Իɲ̫⣬λʵڱǸ
һᣬʲôڴŹڸǶչü͹˵ϵܣչüʰˣǱ߿ɾͿˣ׷鵽ףҲѾĻһ
ᵽߣƺЦһźȻѪծѪ
뿴ĳŻ𣿡ͻȻԭû㿴ģͻȻ֣ҾôǰЩΡ
ƺͷʵͻɣǴϢ˻ǸǺָʹһ¶͸ˡ
ԣìܵġ׿ӦеץַţԼİţֱӴŸ㣬ûҪͨ塣δѶֻһġ
˵⻰ƺһۣͨԷ֤ȴ˴أת飬뷨û˵
׿ӦвɣѲζģ
͡ͻȻҿƺϽ״磬ǾͲڴ˴źϢˡȻҶɻ󣬲˵ٽ身ָʹ֮Ļţǵúò˴¡
д⣬úú֮͡󣬼˱Ҵȥ
ԺȥȡڳмСҪ죬ƺ׿ӦȥС
һߣ׿ӦбȲʣ磬εĴѶ⣿
ţо̫ԡƺû֤ݣһ״żͻᡣΣҲ˼⡣
׿Ӧ룺ϴݣûĳаţ˽·ǣγ֣Ҳ໤᲻ҲԼαģ
ƺЦЦΪʲôô룿
㲻Ǹ˵Ҳ֪Ĺϵ𣿡׿ӦҵĻΪ˱£Ҳðʼûøµؽͣ˼һһ忴ǺҲƣȻôζϷ
ʲôϷʮܸ֮ľսԡƺЦӴҰ
׿Ӧûĵ٩ǵ֮Ȼô££Ҳû죬ôϵǲһֱҲ˶ǣ
ȻҲᶢӡƺ̹Ȼ⵹ҲûʲôֻҪһãʱǻỤǡ
ʦ߳͢б䣬Ὣŵ׼ô׿Ӧеĵؿ
ƺĺףģҲġ
ɡ
Щûõģɽǰ·ҡƺļɽû˵㣬ڿôͻȻɱ˳³ǰգ
ɱ߰㶼벻ͨ׿Ӧвؿһۡ
Ҳָƺôʣǡֻͦɴ࣬㣬ǸǸ
׿ӦͻȻ˼һذֱ۴Լ϶ȥǶ˵찮ģһû뵽ܵݶϡôͻȻɱȥ˵һ飬ûôһ˵ϸֲǺˣɱôĹҲҲɱһ
ҵһսɱлü춼ûܳ·ζμԼմѪƺͣסţ۾Уƽ޹ʱЩHģЩвõӰ졣ӺǿҲ˶еķӦʲôףһҪҡ
ͣһϻ£Ϯȫǻķ㣬мɡһķɫС֦ͷƮ£ƺͷϣȻǽŵؿ׿ӦУѻϾȻһС顣
ģ׿Ӧзǿ߳ŭΣȫǱ˹ذۣЩ̡
ҲԼ飬ܼ۸ԼҺ磬Լǿž۸˼Һĵ¿ηΣӾͷ
û£ģΪ˵ö֮˵Ҳֻ˶ѣսɱֲһ׿Ӧдһָ˴ƺգҲ룬Ҳƽ޹ʾģһиװ˵Ķʦ
ƺסǸָչʮָգô߶һ˸߶ô졭
׿Ӧ⧲סĴȻַɿһ˳һ˰ٵӣһ⣺кѣס첻ͳˣ
˻Сȷ黹졣ƺǣַڴһǣҿǲ֪ôźãס
磬Һϲ㰡׿ӦͻȻ
ϰװģԼҲΪ±˿̫ͣҪӡ
׿Ӧװ֪ǰˣǽԼļϵģڶԷǰҲҪŤǼֱǹһǻ飬Ǻε̹Լ⡣
Ȼʶãһ侭£Ѿһӡ촽ƺЩ˼㡭Ϊһûʧҵģģҡһüӡ
ƺӲ֪ϲһ˻ĥһģһϲһ˵ϲŭֻ̻̲աͻȻⷬͷεĻԼͺЩͣסˡ
̾˿ǰֻСһðУҵҵĶģ;ɣ

£ͻȻҪȥ
Դɽһֱæչ˺͡ȶչüָ֮һʣ޲ܽԷɽ·ʮĳȫקװףһֱҲûϱ¡
̽꺫͡ȵ￴һۣ˶Ҳ̤̤ʵʵ̸¡
յ᷿ſڣ̧ҪţԼˡ
Ӵæˣʲô̴Ц
ʲôĶ䰡ڼҶҲ֪زأﲻЩ㷡
Ҳǰı˵ӣֻܾΪԼˣжһЩ
ٺһЦңɱǿˡ
ԼǸ䣬ͻɵشȤ
ԣЦЦֳ̧űߣȦͷҪôа
ϲĿŮˣܲ𡣡
ӲһζԶϧ
֪ƺﻹûףһƵĸ첲ɫүιˣ䲻Ǳʯͷҵģǿɽģ޹أȥ
ôһ˵ڵȷһЩ漴ʵǵôأָܻ𣿡
ûش𣬳˼̣ŵӰӡ
֮⣬˵Ķ䲻ָܻ֮ǰǰˡ
Ա˵ܲʲôǳڳҲԶһˣ͵ӥȣ䲻ȴʵ˶̾Ϣ
ԣζӳ£һʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôá
ϰûûƤʵڲ˵ʲôο˵Ļ
⡭⡭ץʲô㣿
бһۣΪѵ°οҲû£һƱʹ׹¡˵˼̫ϸҲĲ
ǳɣ֪֪֪֪ϵ֪ļ򣬡Ҫȥģ
ôþϹˣ͵ߣȥСⷦ
ڻ⣬˵¶ҰҴȥ

ƺ׿ӦеһźͻҴҸ
˵£ˣġϣƸƺ⣬㿴
ƺ˿ţʮּ̣Ǻÿ꼵סţ̫ⶪɽѣ̼ƺνװ
վںϣôȷʵ
ʮǰһ뺫ָʹ࣬ҪҲǵһΣҲܾܾȻҪհ졣꼿ЦΪǼС£û뵽Ūȴ˸ӡ
ƺοչüĻȷʵǼС£ǰ˫Կ໥Ҳûº֡Ͼ̫ͬУҲš
׿Ӧднӹţϸ˿Ҳ̫ıʼţʲô⡣
ƺ򿪻ųŻĻᣬһ飬üĿչҿԶ϶״磬ŵˣǺָʹ


88 
΢΢üԼã
Ҳ, ΪǵݣǼ죬ʱȥ˼¡ƺ˳ְѻҲƸ׿ӦУָʹ, Ҳ֪ѩǰ, ˽Ϊʲô, Դֵܵ壬ǲյ, ϾЩˣЩһֱ֪ǵټ
ǰ˽, ƶϳ꼵˾ǡᡱ֮󣬱Ļ֮˲˻ɡ
ȳ֮ĶԿҪ࣬ȻʱҲѾȥ֮ãҲѾ޺, ɵսЩˣһΪԼȥͬ
Ҳֻʣ, ˭븴أ
Ȼ常ľɲָʹԻǶշ, ǸľɲжǸϧһЩƺҺָʹҪ, Ҫᣬ˽һӾ, Ӱȥܵؽǽߣ񲻸㣿
꼵ͷʧˡǺָʹд, ȻѾǺ͹ߵټ˽⣬Ļ־Ƿգìܵġ
Ҳô˵Ҳ˽ڵľȻɡƺοЦЦ׿ӦУУ㿴ô
⻭⣬֤֤Ʋ⡣׿ӦпŸ˵ĻָʶֽĦš
꼰ĿͶǼ񣺡ѵΪ̫ϸˣ
ǡ׿Ӧе뺫ָʹĹϵҲҽ˴ţ˵Ļ񲻻ử˾ϸ˶Գо꣬ûܰѻ񻭵ز
ƺָߵ棺ָʹֻȥεģϤһûߵˣŻʣ˶֪˽ǵòָʹ˲ͨ黭⻭ġϸ£ǵ档
˼Ƭ̣˵αźͻ⻭ˣϤˣĪǴ˾۸ֲ壬ȻҲѾһˡǶԱȶ˸Ļᣬⱳ֮ˣɷ˴Ʋ⣿
״˼άܣȷʵʵ˵ϡƺЦ±׷ӣҵҲû̫˵նĲֱĻϲ֮ͽݣǻ֪ԽԽá
׿Ӧԭ;ãƺ꼵͸¶ĳĳҵ飬ѾҲ֤ԼĲ²ⲻ
ɫ΢΢һͣ漴ϿҵǷϵټ飬ΪȻ֮·Ǻָʹ֮Ҳòŵԣ뿴ʲôطԾౡ֮ҹɽǰ֮Ҳ˶̾ϢΪ󱲣ҲԮ֡
ȻűȡҲǡҲģȥҲġȣһǻ·ĨڣıģҲΪԷʹ
ƺ꼹֣״ҵȻףվںָʹϣҸϣܹƽŵĳ𣬳Լȥǣˡ

ɤͻȻСƵس˽ͨһ˿ǰ
׿Ӧ⣺
ǰ׿Ӧ˵׵ʿ꼣ȥ֮ſ˶չüѾСݳ㼱ɴسˡ
ƺ׿Ӧ̸£ҲţڸѲ˺һżس
˿û׿ӦеʻڵϿͰͿſ꼣Ƥռıˣ
׿ӦкƺһۣҲ֪˵ʲô
˫ַƽʲô£㾡˵
۾ؿҲҾ˾˵ҺôʩȼʱסҾ˾һɱҪҵף屣øãԴҩЧɢѹȻڴ֮ǰ˾˾ͻᡭ΢֪ȥδѰңôȸ䡣
šס֣꼵˲ɫͬ⣬һٴιأۡͷ
ˣԸæԸţҪǮԸٵĵƱ˫ַϣ
׿Ӧв֪Ǻ⣬ʵڿһ˰ǰȥԣΪѿֱضѰ
ѡ촽΢΢۽üҹһ˿Ц׾
׿ӦвۣƺǴԼµȥ
ɫʹߵſڣǰƬҰ׵̾˿
ϵܵĴϻۣѾµȥǰһսѩ˶Է綾ԲѡʵѾ޷뿪飬ܡɣѰ˱׽УϣܳòԶߡ
ҵñЧãѩ˵ʬάֶûиı䣬ֻϧ˽꣬Ҳûˡǿʼã£ҲŽᡣ˼͵⼸꣬Ӧ֪ġ
Ǹж˰ǳѹ˿ڣ˵ʱʼձǣִ֪ˡѩˣҽѵľҲΪòһǻŭ޴ȷʵһЩǨŭϣЩֵܣǸ
ƺ΢΢ҡͷȥ
ıģǰˣѾƲǰѩǰ㡪ֻһ룬Ѿ󱳷Լܻħ
ӿ꼶ԽᰵķӦ׿Ӧбܿ񣬶һòƵŮӣԸȣοһѩˡ
ĸǰڻпȻֻʱлһˣое
ʱѲͬգԼδеΣѾԽԽʻȽᡱʯáĴԽԽ󻯣ЩĹԽһԼһƺģ
뵽̧ͷȥײ˫䡢ͬעԼ۾ĵ׶ʱͱҸš
֮£ɤ˵˴˲˵ڵĻ
󣬻عһۣǹɬ΢ЦǰлС㡣
㷲ؿҪף´жԷ˼÷ҪҪɡΪ˾˾ˣԼҪҲνģҲ˵ǲſڡ
֮ʣͻȻףȷʵãϾѩѽѩ˵һ֡ɾΪ仰ͻȻͨˣҲܷˡ
Сŵ
ѩѾˣñȥ˵ɡ꼿¶һƼɲ΢Ц
ллٴι£Կ꼿˺üͷҰǮȫ㡣
ˣܹңϰߡ꼹ɵذǮеǣòһҲû׬ǮҪչ˾ˣȻҪǮԼౣذɣ
˽Ļ޵ҪʲôͿضΪ
꼸ĺף
Ӧҹ˽״ɽڳ̧庮ӣ㻶ϲȥϢ
ƺ˸꼣סԺӣһ·ֻˬɺ⼸˵ϾҪ𣬾һЩϧ֮⡣
׿ӦƫͷƺʱҪҪȥתת
ƺǵĶð
Ҫͣ·ȥƽҰ£Ҫ취ȥˣƽҰްҲü׷ߵ٣²һɢʱ⣬ȻҪúϧ

ɼǴ׵Ĳҹǣ׿ӦǰΣȻ򵼣ƺ·
ڵֵܷʢûпţʱԵʮ壬ǸƼŵƽģ֡
һֶ߽ڣͼȻĦ࣬·̯߰ӣģС̯ЩˣģΧ˲ˣʱʱкǱɷǾʡ
³ߣ겻ڵģʲôƺû־󣬱ϲȺȾúǿġ
̫׿Ӧе촽Ķ䣬͵ɵķףܻῪҹУС죬졣ǰڣҶؼҸžۣҹоڳٰ졣ǵڶ졣
ڶƺޱ뱧һ£ֻǣ֣֮ҪЩܵľٶ̹
ܶˣƺҲ̫˼ôԶиС̯㼫Ȼ׿Ӧе֣У֮ǰûԱȥԵ㶫
Ⱥڣʮָۣߵһ̯ӣǱӺͼ׿ӦҡҡͷʾȤһ̯ƷҲԡ
㣬·˺ü̯λ׿Ӧòƶۣƺһֱߣƺε֮ǰͶ̥ˮ⣬ôˣôóԵĶۣ
׿ӦкЦͷƽͦˣôɵˣȻǸӡ
ƺһʱЩãȻ֪˺«ʲôҩһ߸Ⱥдһĥʲô˼ͻȻĿǣһϣʱĻĿӿһů
СޣԭԼǣһ֣
ԱǰߣȺ˼˵Ĳ׿Ӧмƺۼֿ죬һǰȥú󱳻һֻеס˶Է
·Ϸǳӵ˭Ҳעӿ֮ƺ΢΢ͷ׿ӦУ˱ǼⰤűǼ⣬ܵԷȵϢ
ȺС͵õסԳʲôֲʲôֻסƣ˭û
ÿС̯ŵԱ̯λ˴ƹ׿Ӧеϣӳ͸ա
ƺĿϸϸġݣ׿Ӧбò˼ǴĽëţ·ֻĺƺһ˫۾͸˫ͫˮ飬ƺһĳȣƺﶼڣֻƷǰ˫Щ԰׵Ĵ
һʱϲòֳϦദôʱգ׿Ӧеӳƺ۵ϣģʻˣôò
ƺĿԽԽȣߵҲƷǰӵô»ᱻ˿ߡ
׿Ӧתת飬Ƴ𴦣ֵƺһۣˣ߰ɣ
СƺԾǣ֣§ϸЦ촽ҳĻ̣Уġ
׿Ӧеˣ˷ۣ͵ƺޱͶǰɫʱͻȻ°͵ϣȻͻؿĲӣɿһ¡
ʪĴƺͷƤ䡱ˣʱ֫彩Ӳ־ȫǹɻ𣬲׿ӦлҪϽͣҳˣ̣Уġҵġ
˵գһЦݣѸƺ֣ǰȥ
ƺεزС꣬ҵţ
׿Ӧ˼ͷü˹ָƺ̲Ⱥ׷ȥ
ڴ˴·¥¥ںţǰϷ˺üƿѾ΢һĻ۵ס
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ڴ˸ã˫ɣգߣŶãǣ޹ңɲҴ磬Ѻ뱲Ӷˡ
˵ֻӢѹ˹أûϣ˵Ͽ˶ˣҪһЦСϷŻ𣡡
һ֣ʾܡ

һ̯׿Ӧͣ˼Ҹճ˱ǣʳָ󶯡
̯ϴүͣŲߣҪҪۼҵ棿
棿׿Ӧ۾һߵƺ
ƺЦ۸ʶʱԵıǵͷ׿Ӧһ£ң롣
Ҫһףһվƣ
Ⱦƣƺɴۣϻˣ
׿Ӧдһӣ뾡
ˣȺ͡
ƺֹʵڲ£ҲȥƿԼһסܺȾƣ
ԭеζһڣ̼׿Ӧθڴ󿪣޲ܽ˶ŷ¿ӣ˲ͷĺ񫣡
ƺ԰׵˫˿̱úΣĿⶢѲȥðżΪ᲻õְ˲ˣ
ţʵڳԲˣ
۸Ǽұȣĸóԣ
׿Ӧü䣺ֻҪǺһԵģóԣ
ǳԵͻǷ۰ƺɵԼ룬ְ׿ӦеϹʣµҲԹˡ
֮⣬û˿ϳԼʣ׿ӦмޱȻĪۿЩȣȥƺ˫ȼ䣬Ҫ˶סƵġ
ƺüëһ̧ͷٺֱ֣СУ
Ȣš׿Ӧ˫һĻԲѵ֪С๫ܹױ𣿡


89 
ƺӻͳǰöҴָ֮, ٵǰ
׿Ӧ۴Ƭֽ̣ӹ޳ָţװģÿ㳤Ӣ, ɣþ, Ҫȡ
ƺٿ˰뱭ݹȥ, ׿Ӧо𱭣¶ôˣڡ
޻ڡƺ, Ц⡣
ˣ
׿Ӧһͷоơ
ƺ۾ٱѾƺȸ, չȥĸζµǸƸ񡣡
׿ӦŷӦ۾ɵԲԲ, һ죬ࡱһ˸á
һ߰һߺȹƿ, ⣬, ټƿվƣһ󺹣庮ӵ·׿Ӧоǲĺͯ, ΢֣ҪһӸ
ƺԹ, ȥȸҪֹкҩš
СУóԵͷܳԡ
ԵöǸԲ, ׿ӦһִƺϣײײţƤ죬õüۡ
ߵƧȻͣţڵϴͷһ
ƺ⸱ƺĺ̬ͯзЦ󣺡ôˣ
߲ˡ׿Ӧо졣
ô죿ƺĶŪ庮ӻһ·ء
׿ӦָڵϺһţСС㱳ҡ
˵ʲôûƺЦ¶һڰ׿Ӧеַ̣Ҫʲô
Ҫ㱳һȥ׿ӦԾͷԴЩ
ƺ͵һ֮ǰԺﱳ㣬㻹⣬Ǵϣˣ
ǻһ׿ӦǶˣҵˡ
ƺ̧°ͣЦӯӯض˭˭ˣ
׿Ӧһ͸ı飬ͷĿ⿴һ
㵹֪ˡƺ˫סȺСʮʹ࣬˵һ飬˭ʲô
硭׿ӦеСèĿˮ˫ָƺ֣һȥɣˡ
ɤ͸ʮ㣬һֻСƺؿڣӵöһ
Ǹڣƺ˳תź˼ڣôԭΣ
׿Ӧſϣ󱳿ʵرȫ۾죺ô˶ƿû£
ƺֳŵ˿ҲأֻԼȫң̤ʵִ񣬶ЩվϣһҪҰأܲ˵ʱһö֮ˡ
ʱ򡭡ɡ׿Ӧȵĺɨĺ󾱣𣬡㡭ģԺңһ㣬١ٲԿࡣ
⻰ƺůģ׿ӦеĴϵ˵࣬УΪʲôϲң
ƽʳ̫߳ܣҲֻܽ͵͵һ䡣
ȦĲӣ˵ϲϲˣʲôԭ򡣡
ûеõ𰸣ƺҲûʧ䣬⵹ǰеӣ⡢ִţֻ̫࣬ѭġ
˭֪ļһͻȻŤŤӣĶ䣬СΪʲôϲѽ˳úÿ֮⡣
⻰ƺɵЦ˼㵹һ㲻ǫ飡
ʵкοǫģСϸÿ׿Ӧĺ󾱣ߴٵ˵ѽ
Ƚ๫ƺƫͷǼ˲䡣
׿Ӧ˫ڿе˼£˼У
Ҳ㡣
˵˵׿Ӧ˫սĲӣ׶в
ƺ׵ӣͻȻ󲽿ߵ׿ӦֱΡ
׿ӦôٵҾһ
ҽϴ§˯Ѭ㣡
ң
ƺЦţ׿Ӧһܻ庮ӡ
ʮƫƧſûˣ£¹һſһСƬ档
ƺ΢΢ϢţͣӰȥ׿Ӧзĵطһת
һһһ
׿Ӧнվסãʲô
һۿ㣬;ҽȻͬˡҹҿ⡣
ƺװһ糣ԼڵԻ٣Ҫƽһ
쿴׿ӦУȻһ۱㿴Է⣬Īзһů⡣
ŴԵôǿҲ֪ʲôȴһҲľͷֿɰ
˵࣬Ŀ͸һӣͫ͸ôôƺϴһȴù͸˽ȥ
ڴ֮ǰӲһ飬ڴ֮ȴ
еΪ˱˴˿ģһײضĽ
ƺǰһվ׿Ӧǰվ˹صУлл㣬ڰѰҹ
׿Ӧ㶵ؿͻȻЦˣֻ۾۹⡣
Ȼ˸Ƿƺ֣תߣˣȥЩ˯ɡ
⣿ƺһ·ʰļΪøжòУ˭ֻ֪ôһ䣬ǿԼģʱеίŽŲϣ˯ʲô˯㶼˯һˡ
˭֪һ᷿׿ӦоͰŰϣһ˫ԲԲ۾
ôҪҵ
ڴſǾ仰׿ӦѾԵȣټϾĳֿű˸ɷɿܻúø㡰ʡ
δϨӰɺӳƺϣĵٸǷĿᣬɽͰͦı´Ϊ΢΢ſ
׿Ӧп۶գĿԣʶ򴽡
ģƺ֪ԼǾ仰Щõģίһɨ⣬ӿһֳ嶯ȡ
ʱ˿̣ɲҰн𣬱Ͼʱԡ
Ķңҵƺ˰ɣЪЪ
ֳֵһڣ׿ӦоԼ඼ֱ죬ȫ΢΢ս
⼸վĶ࣬һʱ˲˼תΣΪ˶ԷǷʰļеŴ౶ײţҪͷš
ָо׿Ӧͷתƺѡӱģ΢΢һڽţ޷˵ͷ˫ƯĴ˳ƴ룬Ѱ
ڣʵãܿ㱻ԷȥȨһ˫ƺ˱׵ȴִ˲ƣؿڿҪըƵǵ˼¡
С𡣡ƺɿͷĶͷϢ
׿Ӧ򴽣Ӹ𡣡
˭˵ģһǶҪ𡣡
˵ҿɾͲˣ
׿Ӧ§ƺĲӣͻȻϣסҪԼڽԷƵ
˱Ѿһ˿磬뵣ǶͷסߵĵǷݿ
ƺסĪΪʱϸ壬Լ𣬺ɣס
˿ĵĴѾҪˣ׿Ӧе˫סĶ䣬ʪȵס£˳Ŷ£򾱲ӡ
У𡭡ƺ˿ѾԣͷΨһһǵ׿ӦеˣҷԼ
׿Ӧдľ򢣬˫૵磬öָƸǼױ
⻰ƺˣһЦʮƨɣĸƸģǱôŵģ
׿ӦвΪ⣬ͷҧסƺקȵĺᣬ˱֮ʱͻȻ丹һʹ
ã
ֶǰʲôƶȻֹ
ȻƺżæŵҴҩҩЧ֮ǰ׿Ӧȥéޣһλʬһſڴϣ˱һֻϺſڴ۵ûˡ
Ͼ⼸һֱڣϻˣδȫָպòһ㾫񣬹ҹѸָ࣬ܶǴϡҲܲˡ
Уȵˮƺһ£ү˵˸кȱˮ
׿Ӧбۣü󣺡ˡ
˵⻰־״̬Ƭ̺оԼصԴһ˫ĴԼ촽ϣΪɽһˮ
ܵˮĸ૵Ҫ
ƺ⸱Ͱ͵ӣǵǺЦֻ«ι˵ˮŷȥ˯
Һôҩ۹ãһҹ׿ӦҲûڣȲ˯úܳʱ͡
۾ԱߣѾˣŲ鲻Ըۣ
оԼĳֿµֻأȻΪʲôÿһҪģ
׿ӦлܣΪû˶տյһŽˣŵϷһѡ
и̷ϣСһش˹оôӻ𣿡
أ
Ҫʣµװȥ״ˣչ㡣
תѸƵһͺͽͻϵ̾׿Ӧеıʱ˿ˮ
ʲô׿ӦȲǰ̽
ļ齫ߣһ˺üѣ˶̨šȥҿ״֮ǰҲˣҶ˸㡣԰ɣ
Ƴγεģı˼ý͵ζȥҲܿǶһЩ۶ϺףǱûлƺ´д̼ĳθ
׿Ӧöӿտգ˿Ҳ˲ûڣץһ׾͡
ҲֶӸζܣŸԳζһȥݼ㣬ʱ챻ˡ
ЦſƺѾԤϵӦһγԺķɣտɺˣС˶ζѼҲóԵýǰ۸ʱǳȥҳķҲ鷳Ҫһ˳ŪֻдȥŻ˾ٷ
һ߶û꣬׿ӦŷӦ˱ݹȥ˵ˮ
׿ӦкʵƽﲻǺæʱѧ
ҲæûֻճѵԼĻͷû¾ȥ˵ܻѹ
ͲƵذƺ˸׶˵Զҳѽĸߵ磬˵ڹүҳ󣬲뵱׸ʲôѧŸɣˮ񡢷첹ϴЩᣬȻҲڻ¡ҲΪڲôİɡ
ʮƺŬѧչ˵ӣ׿ӦоЩۣ޲ǸʱʶԼҲҪչʦģһҲ˵ù
˷׿Ӧоϴ֮ϻҩ˵״״̬վûдˡ
ʰ룬ƺͻˡ
˸ɾӣɫģĿߴ׿ɡͷ鷢סˣԵһǷٱ
׿ӦлָЩɫƺĵЦˣ¶һڰ߹ȥ§סоô
һɵЦ첽ȥش˷š
öл㼦׿Ӧ̧ƺͷӣĨǵ̾ҵֹ治ĵöÿ
ƺһüǣҸӽˡ
ޣԼҪ׿Ӧ͵Цűʣ״ˣôߣ
Ǻ͹ͬȥˣҲ̫ࡣˮ·½·絽һ죬Կ״Ŵǡ
ô죿׿Ӧ磬Ҳɣֲܴߡ
ƺߣ׿Ӧвϡ
Ҳˮʹȸ֮¶ûǶԶһá״˵͡иѣõլԺһ⣬繫ӹȥסһӡ
͡ǸСڴ׶ߣɺԶôǸȫ֮ء
Ҳá˵䣬׿ӦбҲˣǽ֮󣬾͹ȥ
ôһҪﻷҲסµˡ
׿Ӧ۾һðϲĻҶ㡣
˵͡ˮݷ;ɫˣסػƺִ׿ӦмϣЦеڵס꣬꣬飬Ϸͱ¾Σ
һΪڣ
ƺ׿ӦеĶǣƭС
ĳŵ׿Ӧи˵ǣƺԸıδ˵ķ˸֮ģԸΪ˲һδ
ֻҪúûţʲôǿ
лҪ˵
¶Ǹߺճ~


90 
粻, 꼾ٰ磬Թ뿪
һͳˣһϡ
һϹܼȫϸĵѾͬ, ְĸرһ·, ƺ׿Ӧġ
ٵĵ˿, ֮˰ƱӸ׿ӦпĲִһ, ȷʵǼǵġȽԼƺȥ͡ǻϣԻǮӪһССӦҲ⡣
ʱ, 꼱һرʢűס
ĸҶСؽ״̧᷿ಽظԱߣСĵ, Сĵ㣬ˣ
ϰڱ֮У͸ϸ͸ݡȫ, ˿ȥ˯һò, ɫ𪣬΢΢̣·΢Ц
׿ӦаһߣֽŶ, ôš
ƺվߣԺſڵ·һΪ, ϴװǸСһ룬ֻš
˼, ܹ˿棬װ˭ȻԶ
״ǰ̧Աò侲ȴ˵ֻܷʵע⵽
ۼ⣬ű״Ժʱɻػͷ˹һۣƺҲʲô˾ѹǰ»Ҳ¡
׿ӦԴЦϣҸ㰢ȥǵʱѾˡ
Ȼģնһܿѹ
﷢Ƴǿˣ۾ڿϣˮؽűף۰ײ˺Ѫ˿·Ҫ۾ɳڱϸһߡ
ƺԱڵɹݵģɱİҶɲ¶
ʧȥ˵ʹֻ࣬סڱ֣ϵıģ¶˵̰ɣǲ̣ǶչüһҲԸɡ
˵ֳ̾һ鰮Ǵҩҿɲ
δءƺԱվŵ׿ӦУͦΣ͸Ҷ϶ϸķϣǸһ𣬿ȥâ䡣
׿ӦиӦԷĿ⣬תһЦЦ绨ȡ
ƺû죬˵ǾʫôóɱĿδԸԧ첻ɡǲᶮġ
˵׿ӦȥڲмƲƲ죬Ӱһ䣺԰ڣ
úñףǰߣ˶֮Զȥ
ˣŽʧҰͷ¡ţѻɬػ˾䣺ϡ

͡أûУ꼺ڴЩ˵˴ȸĸɿڣƺ֪꼸׼һܴĴ߰˼䷿䲻㸻ûʣҲƵϿסضǳʡ
˴򣬿꼻˳ʦͼҶһͬϴ·źӳʳģб߹ˡ
һʱð⣺״ãһ·ϿٲóԿˣ
ƺæ꼹֣ʵ̫Ʒˣл״硣
꼺Ц֣Ǯ֮ǰЩҶԳŶпǷȥҲֻԴֲˡ
״Ųűã֮ʧ벻ҪˣҪȻҲⲻȥ׿ӦҲ񣬡շȥӦʾлҪǰæģ뾡ܿڣǡ
ԱѧһҾ״Ķμģ
һƺļ򣺡Ϲǻˣ˹֪ʲôȻڴϺú㲻ãСˡ
׿ӦԲ۾ĿⲻƵؿԼٺЦظ˿ڣ׿ֵܵ˻öע⣬дҽڣҲܵġ
׿Ӧв̲ػһ䣺лҹġ
Զе⣬ƺʮȤһΪΪԼǳ۶𣬶ÿؿϡڳԱӶú˼ȫûоӼڵĴ㡣
ڨڨͷί
Ӳͱһôƽ˰ɣ
ŶԣҲҵĵˡ㲻ˡ
꼸׼СԴöҲʮȫȥ͡·;Զʳĸḻ
ĸرѱ̧ϰú֮󣬱վڼװʾ⡣
ƺΣȥ·Զȶɡ
һֱסһ§ס׿ӦУӦи磬᲻ǣ
⺢ӣƽһСɣڵǻع鱾棬ˡ
ϧһصѹϣҪһ֪ʱȥ£ʵۡ
׿Ӧж¸᣺Ҳ᲻㡣
ˣӺѪᡣƺҲǰЦ͡޺úôţһȥȢӦиţ
׿ӦĦԴлԣʲôȤС͵㰢ܼױˣֵǮֵǮûϵʤ⡣
ᣬСͨ죬ɻǣ˭Ȣ˭
׿ӦкƺָͬŶԷȢ
ⶼûáƵҡҡͷ̫ʡˡ
Աø첲⵷˵꼣һڣ
죬Ц
硢ﻹһһ𣬲˴
֮ڼװϳǻ֣Ŵ󺰣ǶҪƽǣ
ĴԶˣƺ˿׿ӦУˣôúչԼ
ڸ̾⺢۹ãȴ˶ǿ
ѣۡ꼵Ҳһ˿ᡣ
⺢ʵ̫иദ˶ϲΪۣԼж
ҲҲãԹ԰Թ˵ӡ
ҷȡԸͦġƺ׿ӦȦ΢죬ɢע
׿ӦݸһЦΪĸòİɡԽģԽҪ֤Լ֮ˡ
ƺ֣ת꼹֣״磬Ҳˡ
꼻񣺡һ·ƽ
Ҳ꼵½Ǵ
ƺһߣһתرڹס˲ӡ
ƽûʲôεˣͻȻصŻ
ƺааһЦúҡ
İɣ׼⣡ڻָɵ飬С˸ǰ˵û쿴Ҳ˳ۡҽˡ
ƺ֣˾ͳɣҲù㡣
˵»ͱһˡ
׿ӦлƺûϣվڼװϺ磡
ˣƺڼüŪһЦ˻֣첽ܵ׿Ӧߡ
ôô໰˵׿Ӧлڡ
ƺļ򣺡ôô
˭ͱһҼһӡ׿Ӧֱ׳컬ࡢ٬Ǹͽӡ
ʶʱҲҲô
׿Ӧһתȥֲ㡣

˶Ѿѡ˲շǼĬһƺ׿ӦС
ƺķ䣬Ȼƽûǣô
ҵǰȡ֮󣬸ļҶԼĪжϳЩģѾͽ˷
ȻڴҪգ׿ӦбϰԵذѰ򿪣ߵ·ȡⲼܳô
˭֪һ򿪰㷢һװǮһʮһȫӡ
׿ӦаǮݵƺǰ˭ģ״𣿡
ܰѾƱˣûҪҴٸӡƺӹǮ˵࣬ȷʵ٣⻻ôϸĵĻ˭
˵׿Ӧɵ
ƺǮǷһ£Ȼҳһֽ𿪿۵ıʼȥһ·գвҪǮĵطƱһ㻻ϡǮ΢ﺢ⣬ֻλƽϡ
̶̼仰ӣ׿ӦбޣƫƫٴκȦ
ƺο⺢ôۣһиʱ۸ȢƯĵϱһԺӣֵҲµ
׿Ӧбˣƿ㲻ǲϲôôࡣ
ĺȻۣٶҲ¡ƺ׿ӦüЦҲǰ׼˸öӣҴ
Ȼ˼ҵȻõΣͷ¶һˣðԽ̣ʫҲ¡׿Ӧһ߰·һ߶ڰ꣬һգ۾ͳˣðһЩõϰͲýˡôõĺӣ˵ȡҲӪٳ꣬Լ־ɡ
Լ˵һѣȴû˶ػͷֻƺڴߣ˫ۿԼϹŵЦ
׿ӦжʱЩȻǱ¶ԼһƵģǰչʦϰˣЩ顣
ôһ룬ƺȷʵе񣬶ǰĵֻƺϰΪ˲ģֻ׽ˡ
Ŀ⣬׿Ӧвȣʲôôң
ǰľɼҹӣͨһƺǸżƺ˶·ֿɵãһжͷǿ
׿Ӧй·ߵǰ㿴Ŷãңӵ󼰵Ķ
˵öԡ常ȥӣġôãȴʲôǺ޵غ޳͢Լֱ봳ȥŻװ۸ըˡƺḧҺ㣬ҷųؼա
ָƤֲڣԵĴϸУҲдڸУ׿ӦϲԼĸоϲƺ
һǣһϸ᳦ֽ۵ûš
Է˵۸Լʱĸܣ׿Ӧվԣ㣬ʵҲҡ
ƺƫͷؿ˻
ʱʦˣŵúܣʦȻ˵Ҳ̫ıˣΨһˣұþǲǾβңȥ۸㣬Ψһ·
Ҳܺ£֪Լʲô֪Լ߶Զͻᱻ¡۸ʱҾ͸оԼ·£·ˡ
׿ӦйһЦƺӳŴ⣬׹ʱסҡ
ƺ͵һԼšᡱڿнס׿ӦУλöʱ⻰ƺЩ˫ص˼΢򴽶Цסļ򣺡עڱ˴ˡ
ѽҲ޺ˡ
˾ôؿ׳ĺ棬˸Բ⣬ĸȣ·ʱ̣ϣָԶȥ
׿ӦԼ뵽ϣڵһ㲻ΪԷѹˡ
Ҳҵһأ˶ڶλᣬǻܸô̵Ĺȥ׵һУͷʼ
ˣ״ǣôöչü
֮ǰ׿ӦеĿⶼڱϣûע⵽ǸĶչüƺǲ֪Ҳû硣
ǰЩ̷˸飬˿ֽŽϣҲˡ״һˮܰͷãˮһ顣ƺʲô³
ԭСϸиõԼϧ׿Ӧҡҡͷɻ


91 
 
, ƺȥĿǰյһ¡
иԲӶչüͿȫϣо
ƺ, ɵЩʱ, Ҳûװ׺ķ, ŪһЩõ飬öʲô
Ϲת, δϹĴǸ, Ǻ棬ͻȻƺеһͷ, ֧֧˵
󾽣æΧץӣŪĽɰ, ټϹʢҿЩԭͻ
үЩػ, ԭˣҪҶˣֻȥƽҰ뵽, ʣ, ȥҲֻǸٹ߰ɣƽҰǱ⣿
ƺصһۣŵһ, ׿Ӧ¡
ǣǰƽҰǷ
̴𣺡֪Ǵ۸֮ǰյƽҰļ飬ʱԼһƽʼͰţȷʵױʡ
׿Ӧиһߵˮһߵھǲ֪ıģûдǰ֣ǵȥ˹˵ǻлᡣ
ǰżҲûãֻܵٿεоᣬø첲˵ɶˣ
ѻԲһƣչüѳǸϴμʱ򣬷ڣھ匝˵һ¡ˣֻ续þϸǌʮϤ֮ˡ״ᣬǶ˵ʦ˶˽⣬пܴ˾۸
״续ˣӦһֱҪֹǵĳҰɣȻôͨ۸жһҲְô˵ҲǺ
ģΪĳҲǺ״Ǹ񣬱ضΪյġ׿Ӧаο
ʱ˾񣬿ƺģ
ƺ࣬ͷȻû֤ݣҵȷôΪָʹĳЩԭ˺ҲϲԼϲ¡
ôһ˵׿ӦмƶһǼ뺫ĹϵҲǳá
ĳֹжûгɹ½ٳ֣Ͳǽסôˡƺ֮жһҪСġ
ʮֻ󣺡˵˭Ǵ飬˵ѣĸѣܱ
֪治֪ģҲתһ֮䡣Į
̴ֻһЦ
ƺ״磬ˣǱˣ˵׼Ӱ쿵
ү˵û£İɡں˵
ƺ˴һۣޱ飬ڻϣû
ĳңҾĳ׸ΣգϾĿĵȥ׷ߣǺξģδ֪ǰǣαôҴţ׿Ӧл˴µþβȥ۸ڴȸа嶤ӣŻȳ磬ʵС
ƺͷӻͳһϣˣʲô
˵ͷһöͭ׿Ӧжʱ˴ӷɳɸ·ʱҹһսⶫǴһɻġ
ֻʱûŪͭкر壬ʱһûᣬû뵽ƺһֱ
׿Ӧк棺﾿кκ壿
Աͭϸ꣺ⲻǹүЩͻϳõĶ۸⡯˺öͭʱүʱҳȥջؼһ棬ץס˺һͨ䡣
⻰׿Ӧжʱô£ƺŵʱĳ׾ͰʾƽҰܻѣ
ɽֻطֻأһ۸ġ⡱ǹƽҰеķأƺ˵ȡСܡ
ĳײܰƺ۸ʾȻָƽҰġ
ƺۣεͷ˶Ϊ常׽ȻЩָƣ常ƽҰ֪ҌЩûȤ
Ȼ򣺡ѹأү졮⡯ʱö˶չһζûѲȥ±˿ɣ
ţһ֪ˣԼȤǾ常ƫ˽ԸӣǾͲˡ
ͷҲүĻĽѧȴţӣЩֻ˵үĲǡ
ƺ̾˿ȴ˴¡ҲĳǺξģȻǰȥ˵ƽҰȻѣҵʱȥ
벢û¡׿Ӧзһֱ˼⣬˿̵ĳƽҰΪն㲢δϹΪϾ̫ˡ
ƺһ漴Цһ˵ҲյЩĿǰҲֻڴϵ⼸պùһ̤ϹǰһĹߣаǱĳ׺ĳңϳ͢׷ȺǻƣұҪʮֵľ񡣡
һЦǿǳţǣ
鸽ͣǣ֮ʦǰ˵
˿̴һ·ȷʵ˲ٿӣУ
û˵ֻǳƺ°ͣưʾǰ
׿ӦҲûֻǿƺЦţ΢΢ס
УҲ˵ʲôɥˣһȥúЪţ񣬵˹Ǵһƺ¶ЦһЦ½뿪
˼ƺϵ
飡
괹ͷɥתߵƺǰ硭
׿Ӧ֪ҪѵӣҲСˣǵӣļܳ
Դǰ𣿡ƺĿؿ飬ô򵥵ս˵ƽﶼĥʲô
֪дԴ˵
ƺվ˴ŶıẦԼẦۣͬǧȵ˽ѵźڣ˵׼ڵĻᶼûˣ
Ҵ˺磬Ժһ飬ڼ˼
ϴ죬˵ġ
˭˵ģҸģģһ庮סţһдһҳأȥø㿴鼱е
ƺ֣۾֣һ𿴰ɣɱдһŸһţݲҡʿ״Ҫ˼飬ͷ˸͵ڴ⼸죬Һú´ǰҼ顣
һ켫Ը˵Ŷ
û˵ˣȥɣ

ƺصշ֮У׿Ӧڴߣķ羰ȥסˮʲôÿģ翴ҡ
׿Ӧͷ۾΢΢䣬
ô˵
רע㡣
ƺס۾һǣǻٿ㣬Ҷ˼ˡ
׿Ӧеĺ촽һһϣ΢΢¶Өݣ㻹᲻˼ǵ۸绰ƪˣϵ֪˻֡
ƺɿ֣󣺡һ
ڴϣһûһ˵պƽ޲ʻˮȵúܣֻЩ΢΢ҡΣǸҡܿͰҡ˯ˡ
ϾЩ̫͸֧׿Ӧ˯ö࣬Ҳˣƺ˯ø٣ͻȻһ˯ƫ۵ʱϦˮϣҶӳúͮͮġ
׿Ӧ˯ߣʱ΢΢̧ſƺؿϣ˯ߣϦ͵Ѽư
ƺ꣬Цˣ׿ӦԴΣűࡱ
׿Ӧаϣ˵
ƺס֣æһ죬ɶˡ
׿Ӧлǵ󣬲棺ƽؼǵͦܳԵģǲر׶ִʱûԵĸô죿
ǼһٱһϰˣеóԾʹһ٣ûóԾţҲûʲô
Ǻθ
⻰ƺ˹ǣͷǲǵˣǴͷƽĹ˵
ʵ׿ӦлһھЩڣϾԭʵڲ̫Զ£ЩݵǾ䡰βʳӡ˼ԼǲܣǱת˻ϵļܺóԣû˵л
лƨԺôҳԶƺ¾еƣϱҲýʽ塣
׿Ӧ˲䣺ôãҼʶʶ
˵ĴƺãҲȥ׿ӦеСڳθЩô
ƿȺģ¶͸׿ӦеƤϣ˾ޱ
ͷĴչհɣ
ϣƺͶ׿ӦУֻ嵭ģҲ̫ʳֻһަ˿ࡣ
ԭ࣬׿ӦоüͷûζҪӵͣƺǯסˣԹԳһڣʱʣ࣬ܿͼ˵ס
һ벻Ҫһ룬Եθ͹ĹĵĲŷӡ·żԼûԱܹƽׯ󷽵йӴ˿̻ɰ࣬ƹʣǵ㻹ҹء
޺޵ذԼһߣи磬ˣ
׿Ӧгŵ÷Ӣˣ
һ⻰ϸһ˿ı飺øƵģţҪ
Աƺ׾һƣ˰㶼˵
ͷ˴ˣһʱûס
ϳķôƺŸ첲ЦҾúܿ԰
ԵҲǳķֻ׿Ӧаѡ
ѳԣҲô£иúȣΪİ
ƺ׿ӦͻȻð仰،һۣΪֻܴðе档
Сӣ⻰ѧģ
ôͲԼģ鲻ǻ˵ԼҲе飬ԽԽСһ䣬˵ģ˵ҪѧգҪѧʲôҩţ繫Ӳ塣
׿Ӧҩš֣뵽ᵽƺѾͿ˵£ʱͷ뷨ͷҲѧѧ
㻹ѧƺЦչʦʮ꣬ҿҲȥɣҩŻܲ
ûʲôĵ伮ȫĵֲûҲÿ׿Ӧв͸¶ļƻҲû˵˿̳Ա㣬𣬲ײͬǿġ
Ȿ飬ƺ׿ӦСҲ˵ģĿ룬ЦҲ֪лʱһ죬죺㵹ǱȺ鰡
ǵȻⱾСƪҲ
ԱЩʲô鰡
׿Ӧгü
ŶȤȱȱ̧ͷһƺĿ¶Ǹģÿ϶ֹô򵥡
ûȵ࣬ﲻˬԼϱȡЦףһ䡰ɣˡ
ٳŵʱͷˣǸûԼƺִ׿ӦмϣȵģȷĽ
ɶʱȢϱʲôûԡȴĪöеŵţ㬵롣
׿ӦгԵùû˳ƱƺۿţҲ˵ڡ
ƺɰﻹʣ࣬𷽲׿ӦаԵӣЦôͻȻôСҼǵ㻹ͦġ
⵹ʵ׿ӦȻ绹Щ裬ϾСٴ˼죬ЩƽҲܹա
ֲû˵Ұ࣬˭׿Ӧ˵ų
ֱ˶Եĸоƺ˻ˣƫͷ׿ӦкĴһǣԺֻΪ³
׿ӦüЦһӳͫǹֻǹڹڣƺ˵ζ
ƺߣ̧ġŌɽͰ㿡˷ĲӶͷ΢͹üǣٵͦıȻ˫°͵˹ϣ磬һ
Ǳů˼\\飬ƺ֪תòԼ˼С껵͸ˣϲˣ˳ܣǺƤװ֪꣬һʲô
׿Ӧûô׷ҽ㰡һܶ໰Ϸͼء
ƺаЦ˻װβǣǱǰֲǶ䣬ӦŮӼɣӣҪأ
һʮԵؽסˡ
׿ӦбƺһкģƤתʼޡ
ǰȻ¶ӣ
¶ӾֻܼױƸˣ
лҪ˵
ަ㹽~
֪ʶ̰壬


92 ٶ
׿ӦдԷߵʱС, ֻѧ˳ΣûѧģСĴ֣ҲЩĶͷƴ̽, ˼ȫԼЩëûСƨ
»ϷͼȷʵҲ, ҲŮӵİ汾, Ҳֻ£ЩͼôȤ
֮, ԼĪЩƶϣҲ֪ƺ˽٣Բ˵, ˵˸
˿̾Ǻܺڣ֪ǰСϸˣ
ƺ׿ӦͣٵʱеãЩ׷ʣ˵ѽ֮䵽׸أ
׿Ӧбһ, ٲжľûˣվӸµؿƺ, װһͽӵģŶԷ°͵˵, ȥҽ㰡
ΪװģһϷҸŮķж, ƺȴȫһӡҡҷ䣬׿Ӧһӳڹ, һӰУü, ëͶӰӣԵ˿۽ǻһĨ糺죬յĳӳȤСƤı´ɫ󣬱΢¶˵ɫ֣롣
׿ӦŮֻƤ𪣬ƫЩһһŮĪϵŨٲȣƫ㡣
ƺĪ񣬾þƾе⸱СģǻȹҪҹÿöࡣ
дŮװģЩŹ֡
ͻȻ˻棬ûסͻȻ͡Ц˳žʶ²
׿Ӧݳأ˿һôؼʱ̣ƺЦ
Բۣ߳ŭ˫ֿסƺĲӣЦʲôЦ
ǲͿװˣǲﳰЦңһʱûסЦ
ƺ֪˴Ͻⲻǣ˫֣ڻҷžҪʲôΪֺԼҪŲ˼Цˡ
֪ԼҪ׿Ӧаߡһʲôˣ
ýȡȡ
ƺƤЦ£
׿Ӧӣ΢΢ü
˭֪ԷͻȻͷĴϣ˳ƶ룬˸ʵʵǡ
׿ӦЩʱűſƺӺӣ
ңΪʲôʲôʵء׿Ӧв΢΢
һ߰Բһ
ǿҵĴ̼ʱ׿Ӧо̱ƺĻǶЩ̫ѣ㱻Էᱧϡ
Ȼ󡭡Է˱ӣͷһǣ˯ɡ
׿Ӧ˫ɣ鳱δʣƺһۣβŻع˰ԼƵιţһ
԰
ûˣ
ѵĲ
ȵȣȨԼʲôʱڲˣ
ƺۣ°͵׿Ӧеǰ׿ӦͷԷëϸϸܣ΢΢ţɫƤҲƺЩ糺죬ֻӰ²̫塣
׿ӦбһöͷȥգȻ̣ûյĳ̶ȡ
硭
ƺһʱ
ۣϻˣϹڡ
ն鲻ãֱ罺ᣬƫƫǲʱˣţϢҲֻһ˲⣬ֻ̡
ƺ̾˿̳ɽɡ
׿Ӧм⸱ӣҲûǿھԵԼƵģû
ԭȷʵֻ붺ƺϲƽƤĺͻȻȤӶǱƾܣЩ졣
֮ðȣ⼸ڴϵȷʵɰңÿվǳ˯˯˳ԣֲ׿ӦеԼΧ´󽣷˲ǿôźá
ɢİַſڵĴܹ
ƺʱ˱̹ԼǶ䣬˵˭ҪǸضﻤš뵽⻰׿ӦоöԷȻûаԡ
ǰƺ㴦Լˮ֣ڴϣ΢
Ŀ⣬ٶٷ׿ӦпС˵Ҫֵ㣬ñڻ֣ŵϣÿ˷˰ƺǿĺ׿ӦУԼʣµģ䡢ϴҲüҶԼ׿Ӧжһָͷ֪׿Ӧаɾɱ˺۲ˮÿնҩϴͷϴˮԴ׿Ӧнֹ˶ϴŵ¶
ĳ裬ڸ£ƺźۼִǺۼ
ɹӲôûдˣֻС´ĥ֮ܳԺ㣬ǰ
ͬΪӣ׿ӦвԼôҪչˣҲչƺƫƫĪǱԷ˵ϡͿȫġ
˶Լ׿ӦȻоõתһȦƺ̫Լ׽ȷʵЩɻ
ϲһˣǾԷȵ
׿ӦоԼԭһҲճˣҲϲ֫崥ɶƺͲһɶԷΪʲôǶԼ̫Ȥӣ
ԼҲ
յĺУϤ·Ĵ˵缴ɵִۿƽ޲ӿҪﶼе᲻
ûϲɱɱЩϰ˵ͷѪ˵ƽ
ƺû׿ӦпСһԷ˵ƣ´֮ǰľ۲͡
ÿôߣҲ࣬û˵䣬ǰĿſգ֪Щʲôڲסꣻȵ˵ģſϿ˯ˣžƺ˺ü
ٵ÷ֻһ棬˰һЩ꼣ʣµȫװ˳ŵ
׿Ӧϲζ̲ס˼ƶߣҲƺû
ƺĶ䣬ɴѾʵ磬ָ
ˡ̴˿ڣ赭д˵
ƺĵĶ䣬ϾΪļܣԷô˵ҲǾͺá
˵ҲԼ˾ƣ˹ؾ׷鵽ĿģԽӽ࣬ҲͻԽΣգƺֻƽƽ뿪ڴȾλһҽҪͷȫҪ
⻰΢΢˹ǣ⻰Լ˵ɡ
ƺоƣ׿ӦһۣǣңȻ֮ǰǰƴǱΪĿǰյֻܽҹΣ˽֮ǰϾǳǴ׵ıʵ۸ҵȣҵҲܸ
⻰ͻȻֱӣƱϺݺݿһ£
׳ȴû˸ͣ˶ֻ΢΢Цſ˵
ǡô˵ͷеΡ
׿ӦһԿţƺô¡Σ˵ѪͼʧΣ֧Ǽյģ޷һİˡ
ȶѪ˵ɾ͸ɣԵö־곤ȶ¶ģҲҪ˳ᢣͲ⿴еή
˵ƺҲʮֻǾ̫ḻԵϳɡ
ⳡҲʧ䣬ֵһƣһЦ漴ͬƱһģһЦ
˼״Ҳ׷Ч£ﻰ֮󣬽ѹֵ˵յǶʱΡ
ѾƱһţŹЩβԶǧϱ׷ǵߣҪһ򾡣ٲ֮ģ
ȥϷҺޣһ塣
ԣһ壡Цʲô˽ģһ£
ƺӣһ̣Ǹϻʵ۾ˣ֮Ҳ״һҸطӣ徻ȥǶøһţ𣿡
༸˷׷׻ⲻϻô
ҲˣƾʲôǳҪһȳǰߣƾǼˣܶԸ˰͹ǿҲѻʯƺҲЩ΢žЦٲҳӢˣҲһҰкúùӡ
׿Ӧ˵ö飬ȥסƣ
кȵٵģ˿˶ߣ׷ʵʲô뷨
ǲ鵽ߵļƻұ㡭ұȥ󺫷ƺʶ߬׿Ӧеֻ֣ңҲֻսΪȣȥ
룺ܳɣȻǺõģ̫ˣԥǺܻܿᱩ¶ʱȲԮԼ֮ݣ
ǣһ鼱е磬㣬ʱȥţ֤񣡡
ƺǣҪҽǲɢˣԼӦܽ͡
ֻԼһˣжҲ㣬ٵǸǱܷһ
ֻ⻰ݲ˵˵˱Ȼ⵽ԣװ˰֣ݺ飬ô죬õʱʱƲź¾ϣҪŪĳ׺ĳҵ֮˵
˵ͷ⵹Ҳǡ
Ը˷еͨܵɱ߹ãŶͷ૵ϻʵ۴ʲôֿץʹţܼʱ֣вԷĹһ
ĿͣҶŹȥڶھˡ
ƫͷһۣ΢΢Цһ𰡡
ӴĽǶȿȥ۽۲תЩһߣɫͷһ㲻ɵ˵˾󵨵ĻҲһΣ
㷲ؿŶԷ
˭֪ȷʵǺȶ˵ӣŭЦЦ⣺ܻҲٹôˡ
֪˵Ŀ˵Ҫڣžô˵֤ԷҲԼģͷá
ƺһ۵ףЦЦֿ׿ӦҲѾſϣһӣҲԵòˣҿЩԻȥϢ
˻һ໥շߣɢòˣƺ׿Ӧе֣УҲȥˡ
׿Ӧ˼ʲôۣƺЦЦ㽫˴ᱧصңϣĺͯԼĲӲ֡
ƺԣɿȥˮ
硭׿Ӧ۾ţأ
˯ţƺ⸱ӣð˳˯š
˭֪׿Ӧ߬ڣʶң
ɵϣӸƨۻ۲ȷſҡƺ쵽ȥ֣Ҳ֪ԽԷԽ
ֻ׿Ӧίί˵ǲӡΪΡ׽
ƺסˣûϵ׿Ӧлⷽ롣
ˣ۽ǻһᣬ˳ű֣תţȽһСţ˵ҲҪҡֲ࡭
СĻҪ󻶣Ҳ󷽷⸱ҵģȻǺ˿ԡ
ѹ⼸հʱ㶣ܰԼֻԴжԼİ⡣
׿ӦгƵʲôںʵϱԼ׵ӰǱ˼ֻҪܵĹϵֻ̻̲յĲȫбḡͷ
ϲˣжϲң
᲻һҲ뿪ң
ҵңοˣ
ƺ˺ݺ߬һ£۵
ڻֱ޷󣬵ʱʧٺ׿ӦʲôӦ
ǲΪԼֱˣ
һ֤ݰǰ֤Ǳ°ߵģĵĿ־Բⷭڳûһķߡ
׿ӦвԼȥϷΪܣ׳Ծɻֳָָ㡣
ֻǹһˣԲںôԼˣƽôţᵣĶԷ᲻ῴԼ
¿ɺãƺЦƾһ֮ðӰͬʱˡ
ʳչ˵ϸʲôãİˣֲˣҸůģİ
ƺΪԼʧ齣׿ӦؿڵŶԷ󱳣ʵʵ˱ڻ
Уɵ𣿡ƺۿ۵öҪˣô᲻Ҫ㡣㲻ԼΪҲң


93 
׿Ӧû, Ҳ֪ǲ˯ˡƺֽ⿪ӵһߣǰĺ󾱡
Դ˱׿ӦŪˣһ, תͷȥƺ
, 㡭
ƺĿ, ڵ˫ͫ͸޷εĺ, ˻ƣУҡ̵ú࡭
׿ӦлЩ⸱ģ, ʱЩ˼̣ȴ˼ֻϲ
˭ˡתȥƺ挝, §ס
ƺؿ۾ƺϵҪˣ, һ˹˵Ҫɱɱ, ܲŪ壬ж̫㡭
׿Ӧе㲻̫Ļ
ۣСϸҲ˵ۣжۣ
˵, ǴһȣܰŪ
֮ǰСϸչüһ, Ҫ첻´
ô
Լһ֪ƺǰ¶ӣ˹ȥ, ŌĴҵûдˣҲõúܣĺˡ
ƺ֪ˌ֮һֻ֪Լǰװ࣬вɰԷЦ
ѴҪһأĴϸϸǣһжģûã⧲ر׺ݡ
Ҫ㡣ƺ΢΢Ÿ֪
׿Ӧб׵ûиޱȻϲ
硭
һƺͷƤ飬һ첲£뱻УЩ⳱ʪĺͱȶϢ߷е⡣
ڣӳ˻ӰѱûԲְشӴһԡ
ƺǺ͵³ţ㡱˱
׿Ӧдݳʵ̾Ϣ

ֲ֪ʱչ¹ȥҲȼ˾ͷֻһͣˡ
׿ӦпƺͷԴڷ£û˵Ƭ̺Ϣȵ˵Ҳ㡭
ˣҲ侲˳Կ㡣ƺѹֵ˵վȻʳ֪ζ¶ᵢж
׿Ӧ룬⵹ҲǣʵͲܵô
Ҫ룬ұź㣬⡣ƺЦţǵͳ˵úܡ
׿ӦоЩ֣Ϊʲôҿԣ㲻ԣ
ƺҧĶΪҲģһΣҾͺ޲ó㡣²£
бģ׿Ӧеĺıȼֹ𣿡
ҵɵŶƺԳԵЦţս֣㣬һһ㣬̡
׿Ӧбˣ˷˽һܽӴʮãƺ͵ȷʵҲǡ
ϾվҪ´֪ȴǵʲôϾڴ໶ҲȷʵӦãҲû׷ʡ
һڣһ󺹣ֻƺˮûԸһڲԼܳȥһʱŻʪܵģԭֱȥպϴ˸衣
׿ӦмƵģϽݹԡԼˮȻȣˮͦġ
ƺˮɫļ米ݴĵǿԽˡŲͷؿ׿ӦһۣٺһЦҪľܽ𡣡
⻰׿Ӧеˣе㲻˼ô𣿡
ǵȻƺߵǰ΢ָһӣ㲻֪жˡ
׿Ӧû뵽ⷬȹƺȻ˵ô¶ǣɴ󾽣ˡ
ǵȻˣҌԼġҲһƺĿƵضΪƤϸỬζô
ҿǶȥˣݵķǹӣֲˡ׿Ӧ࣬һƿȥЩްɣվ´ˡ
ƺЦ˵У۶֭ĹӻҪţ
׿ӦɵϣӸסҿûȥҪȥϴһϴɣ
ô˵ýͷϵƺһɢȥˣδҸ
Ȼһ뵽δƺÿ춼ôҸֱҪĵÿһƬ
ƺϲԼҲ˿ղ˵˼绰ЩѪӿ̾
ΪԼ־ǿû֮ˡ
ֻҪпģԼ̵һҲûν

磬ﲨңңƺʰҺϡ
ִȻװÿ˵İҲ󣬳ʣװҲֻмϴ
Ϊװÿ˶ðµһ׿ӦɵݣԡйӡͷУ༸˰ɱڡҶʹŮȡ
ͨҲˣ˺ĳṩĻȣֱǳѧСļʻϤǼˣϳĿ΢΢
ﻹǸ˼򵥵ݣòı䲻ֻ댝ͨЩ΢
ĴճСۣƺüëϷ˿ӣԼڶ˵ĵ̡
ŮװֻǻŮװٱϳˡԭҲֻжʮͷڴʹŮģݣʱԵá
׿Ӧвڱ֮ͨУ˲ûݣ˸йӡ·һҡεȥԶ֪߱Ϊͬһˣǿ꼡ڵ˼йӣҲϡ
ֻ׿ӦвƵ·ʵ۵ûš
ڲ֮ʱƺɵӰӰ´Գݵ̲סչһУ治ñ˿
׿ӦƿһôأС䴩
ģ˳ǣûע⵽ǣͰ·ȥƺһԼıһֶ׿ӦҪıңЦôͷӣȻڴͣ롣
Ѿ۾ճС֮Եۣһģʹ٩
ƺ׿Ӧйֱһдֵֽݵƺǰ磬⼸д֡
ƺѱϣװСҿƵչֽ±ۡ
鲻õڰɣ
׿Ӧв̿ƺϷŪ֣꣬һ£޵нɵʱдúһЩˡ
ˣƺͷһۣУ۾ʲôʱϹġ
׿ӦûصĪҪٴġ
ȡЦңҲûʲô·ҵ˿ɽֱ׳ϲƽأдֵʱǻûΣдѾܴˡ
ƺ׿Ӧе㿴е˲ʹˣʩ̡
һԹЦ׿ӦҲЦסйӡĴ΢һЩվĴע⵽¶һСĺۣĿؿƺһۡ
ƺע⵽ʵûʲô˼ҪʣʱϼҶǰ֪ͨϾҪǴұ𱳰װȥ
ʢˮ·䣬Ҫﲨ۽ۿڲɵĸۿڹģСȥεΪ׳ۡ
˿ĴԶԶڿʹԷȥڿ٣ϲʲôߣͣڰߵһȫǳˮĴ󴬣һ𰲾ľޣԵʮ¡
ֻмҶۿڹԱԷУۺƺлͼҶǸӻԼдл飬֮½˴
ƺĬһƺ
ţʲôƺһСɹޣ֮װ֬һĶŻе
Ͱõģﲻ󻬣ֹѪܻҲ˵Чޱ飬ϰ֮ˣӺãҲù˼ҲС
ƺʱС֣ӻشϹ˵ʲô
ǺۼҶˣװʲôװһܻӱʢȻȡҲﻵˣʱ磽
űﻵˣҺõúܣҸӡ²һʱƺԳƤ񣬵Ҳûܸѽµĳ̶ȣæϣƳǰ׿Ӧһۡ
ĵؿõһۣ治Ҫ
ƺͷҡ˹ģնҪ
治ҪûмɵסҪ¾㱸»˩סޡ
ﲨڹǽ⣬Ҫǣٸʱ·ۿڴҲƥĵ̣Թ´ÿʹ
˿꼵ż˲ȱǮ̫ҡҲйӵݣƺһƥ򣬼ѸǸȥϣǰǡ
ڴûȥɣƺǱȽϤģǰͬɽأԼ͹ƽҰͶ游ĸʱҲһ·͡
̱Ƚ϶࣬·ԶʹϿջǽ֮ΪܷͷҲҪסͬһջУƺ˰ŵ밢ȥסҿջүͷȥбӣ飬ȥסԶʹҶ·ڵջҪͨÿʱĩջԶһС̯ϣһʱûͿԸɢȥ
ô˵ĪЩţ·ײˣҪװʶô
ЦӦô䣬֮˵ҪĲǳ͢׷͵ظãǹߵߡ
׿ӦеͷûȻӳɣȻ취̽ɵӦòѵ֪״֮֡չü֪ɰ˴ôҲ͵Ҳ֪Ϊⱻңһᰲڸڹ۲ǵĶ򡣡
⵹Ǽ£ǶǣҲ÷ǡƺźס밢ȥƽҰ̽˱ڳл̽ߵж·ߣܲҵڸˡ
һ£Ȼʱ⵽̲飬ڼǰ˹򣬺ױͨ˲飬Ž˹ǡ
֮Ǳ㰴ƺķ䣬ֱȥҿջȥ黹
ڿջﻻ·׿Ӧƺȥ˵㶫˿ɫѾȥƽҰס
ƽҰ游֣һլȡ԰ڸǶϽǵ ƺ׿Ӧнܵ԰ʵҲֻ庮ӵһ룬ĵطҲȽƫƧ
׿ӦеǸȫƽҰסУסø
ƺĽͣǰ常Ҳй뷨԰ϾҲñڹ¾ӻҲ̫ߣҲ̫עĿҲʹסͷ
Ϊ˹۲ϴ·İʩչṦС
׿ӦкشԶʹȻ֣ȣȻȲɵҹҹϸ裬ĶػǴӸۿиʱα޶¡
ԶʹһС֣׿ӦзȻȫǴ̡
ƺΪͣΪ˴ʢ󣬴ӹ񹤽ۼ˵أ࣬Ǵ׳ȫ뽳δǨ㡢ѻǹٸҲǻһ𣬱ڹ
汲ʲôҲֻܴЩǲɡ׿Ӧ̾
ƺҲΣ˶ŸԵļɣҲǲѣֻѵĴ̫ˡ
̫أ׿ӦûȥתʵƽҰʲôԸǸô
⻰ʵģͷ·δŵɩӵĽøСദƵģƺһ֣ģСƽҰңҲһϲģһҲϲ
Ҳ֪û׿Ӧ⣬ûȥҲûʲô顣תСݶѸȥ
԰ƺǽͷ׿Ӧ˸ͣơԱϣԳһʵӸߴȥֻ԰֮һƬڣ⣬ƺ˼һ㣡
лҪ˵
ҸˣŹҰɡ߶ȻǸ߶ȣݴʶһ㶼С


94 ʻ
׿Ӧûи, ǽͷ԰ĵò
ƺæʵΣ
ȥ̫ƺ׿Ӧһ, Ѹ뿪˴, ֿڲͣ½̸
ϼûʲô, ҲǷ֮أ̹Ŷ, ڵĽֵֻصҴԶʹȥΨһĹҵƣNNھ׵ҹ
, ׿Ӧеʣ԰ǲûˣ
ƺֹûˣֱȷصػ
׿Ӧ۸ġ⡱ʱһԺԺǽ߱ǡꡱ, ⱻǽѣɷŵ԰濴ûκǰԺĻľˡ
Ժܡûп𣿡׿Ӧʵ
ƺ˼, ͵ܡ롮⡯ͬ⡯Ŀץ, ܡΪ˷ֻԤз, صİȶԵĺۼԴſǿġܹǰԺļװ, ܡؽ߸ϵԺ䣬ʱŻΧԺʵ̫, ȻøߣҲԺ
ĻһǡܡѾ򿪹ƽҰΪȫ˵ؽѣһǣܡûü򿪣ߵ˾Ѿɹȥˡ׿Ӧпƺζǵöͭ𣿡
ͭĳ׸ҵ˱Ȼ֪ܡĴڡƺɫһݣ㻳ǵڶ
׿Ӧ΢΢Щ˸УȻⷽ룬ߌүӦú˽⣬£׳ˣȻҲᶢƽҰҲá̽Ҳã܌ܡ˽һƽأ˵ѡƽҰһס⣬û𣿡
ƺмūƽ︺ɨͥԺչʳӣµˡûб仯ҾͲˣûڼἰ
˳ĬƬ̣׿Ӧеģҹ̽԰
Īƺ룬ҴΧ̽̽ĳ׼֪ҵûסң˵˶أֻҪһ԰ضǰ֮̽ûᡣ
׿ӦĻͻȻЦˣ˵ĳ׺ĳҵ˻᲻ײϣǷֽ֪ţԼǷԼͬ˶ڸ£·̵ܴ꣬ܲ
ƺ˹ǣǻޱȷʵҲǴѰĻᡣ߰ɣøҹȥƽҰƽܻȥĵط̽̽
ڴʱƺ׿Ӧз˼鲶ƣڹڴǱðĲ죬ȥ԰鷻
Ѿʱĩ鷻ڴȣмⴰϹڵľ塣
һĿƺ׿Ӧæӭȥλ͹٣Сˣɡ
ƺͳһõģڲ鰸Ǵ
ӴС۲ʶ̩ɽûϳλү˸Ͻý鷻
鷻Сü䣬ű鼮׿Ӧлһܣ伸żϱšı㸡Ǵȥ
ƺͷưֶԼ߰ˣǰվһš
ϰôƺʵ
ͷΪѵϰɳǡ
޷ֻѭʣšƺһɨǰЩˣʮ߰꣬ûʲô棬ûƷСҲЩɪɪ
˶ƺȥ׿ӦһܴϵĻģƺʻ
ס԰ĹƽҰǷʶƺǰЩʵ
м㿴ҿ㣬ãȻҡҡͷ
ͷЦ˵ǼǸģ죬үʶԭڻᵽ򣬺ҼȽŲ㣬û¶ͻҪıīֽһЩ鼮ȥ԰
ŶǰǸȳӾѽһͻȻ
ͷƺݺݵһۣ֪ʧԣôƺ˿ͣڨڨͷ
ƺͷƣһμʲôʱ򣿡
ЩæҲĴȣûϸүͣһȥ԰ѾǶ·ݵ¶ˡͷƲ˼ͷղʧԵǸ꣬С˵ү컹ǵ𣿡
ǸС룺ǰ죬Ӧǳʮա
ƺͷһģ
ǣһͯ
ͯʲôģ
Լʮ꣬үߣͦ׳ʵģ࣬øʲô͸ʲôүҲ˵ϸӲȺȣ͹ϵͦġ
ƺʣᵽ֮󻹻ȥĶ𣿡
СͷŶˣ˵ҪϹ䣬ͯ˵ү԰ǵöȥ߶߶
׿Ӧǌ˺üù¶ˣ˴ߣٰ粶죬ôط¡
ߵܣĿĻᣬһƤΪرɫģŵŵĻƣһŻ̵ĲʮעĿǸӴ򿪿
ſһۣ׿ӦеڡغˣҧƵذѻһӣվ
ʶؿܣƺʻġͨͨؾšǱϷͼһӵ
׿ӦоԼӦѸ뿪Ī˸һҲ
վԱ侲˺һƺһʵ൱ϸ£Ҳû˲ԼǱʹٴζȥһǱᣬٴδ򿪡
ⱾӦʥ֣˵൱о飬֮ͼǽһ̬С˶̬ʮʻǾ黶ģʵࡣ
ƻǧٹʮ鶯֮⣬Ҳظ齡ԺС¡ɽҰȪ־ɫԱУʾܽ龳£ϣ໥ãǿֱ֮ԾȻֽϡ
׿ӦеһοϷͼ֮߳⣬Ǻ档Ȿͼֲ֪ȱȻķѪҺӿе˷ܶ
ʱִ٣ֻѸٷģҾܰһЩӡУ´ƺ׽ʱȻͲΌŪˡ
ƺ˵ˣڰ˼⣬ͷƽɢˣ˹
Ц̽үүʲô£ٸˣ
ƺޱؿһۣʧ١
ŶͷǲҶʣ˶٣ʧ٣
ƺдһ˵ʱֲܲܶʣⱩ¶ݣ㿪ڵЩӣ԰Ƿʲô춯
ͷ룺⵹ע⡣
Ƿڴε
ƹүʵģ۹̶࣬ȻҲ࣬һҲر⡣
ʵò࣬ƺУ
׿Ӧ˽ɢͼߣƺʱɴܵг
ƺɫ죬ƳǽһۣݸһЦȥ
鷻׿ӦлЩ겻ᣬƺһۣʲôöˣڻǣ
ţûУ׿Ӧ̷ϣ̵òУžԼӦ̫ǿңϽҲеļͦȤ
ϲ£ʡƺͣ˽ţתҪߡ
׿ӦиϽסˣҲû򿴡ղʲô֣ƽҰʮʮģ˵ʧ죬ҲѹΧû
ƺͷ԰λƫƧּռһӣ߶£һʱҲᱻ˷֡ҾãƽҰճ˽ӣԡܡδ
ŵСᵽƽҰ˸ͯ㲻˵԰ֻһЩɨūͯǴĶðģ׿ӦɵͯҪƽҰȥϹ䣬Ī⣿
ƺЦ㻹һĶãһ߿Żһʻ
׿Ӧؿ𴦣Ȼ¶
ͯһȷЩΣ뿪۸֮ǰյƽҰﲻἰƺҪôò˵ҪôǴ·뿪֮ͯ԰ʱ䲻¡
׿Ӧ룺йүǰ֮ƽҰˣͯйϵ˱ضй˵ı¡磬ƽҰ£԰˼ûҪץƽҰٻȥ˺Щ˰ɣ
ڱ˴֮ǰƺ׿ӦȥչƽҰȥĵһȦǴǹȽϷļֵϵ̹ŹصһЩҵʻ
˵ҲɣǴ඼ǵùƽҰĳ֣ǵǵãСҲӡ󣬾ڽֿڰ̯⽵Ĵ˵ƽҰͯԼ̯ϳԹߵġ
ƽҰȽŲãҲ߲Զƺ䣬Ҳ͵Ϊֹˣ⌝˵ҲʵطŸҲ̫̰ķ羰Ȼǻǰؼҵġ
˸࣬ƺ׿Ӧһͬ԰ȥ
˿̴ԼǺʱ⸽ϵĵѾȫţ˻·Եô˴ס
磬Щ֣׿ӦкȻƽҰƽشŲŲΪƫƫνƵصߣַھӶʶҲڶǵôɣ
ƺһ߹۲Χһߵǹģ
ܣ㲻Ҳ˵Ժܸѵóһˣ˶ӡһʲô£ٸҲ׷顣
˵ֻţѾ쵽²ŹºۼƺǴ۸ĹһţĿǰֻӽ䱸ġ
ǌ˴˽⣬㲻ٶνĲ²⣬±ٴܣѸٷ԰Ϣ۲һȷ֮ʱߵ԰Ŵ
ûУһƬڣ׿Ӧƺôţͼ̧֣Żۡš
׿ӦУ
ƺ˹ǣ֪ܿûߴŷȫ㡣
ֻûţŴŵûͦƺһԾǽͷ׿Ӧн
ƺûټԺӷ㶣׿Ӧеƣʣȥ𣿡
ܵĲãһĻؾ鷳ˡƺ̾һʱ常˵ĶرԤҾԼ԰ҪôѾ˴ҪôƽҰܸҿšԾûú㲻㡭
׿ӦԱЦУ˱鶥౻ְ壬㵹ãֱԺʲô˵顣
˾װ˵طݼޣ԰Ժǽһ𷢴
յʱڣƺ۲˰ΧǽԺ·ľ룬ֿ˿ľļнǣͷһȷ
϶ӴſڽӦǽǽмнǣԤȻǽá׿ӦеȻǽȥ
ƺĦ°ͣ˼ҲǲУһ㣬δܶڶ㡣
׿ӦЩץ񣺡үƻصϰܼǵһЩɣ롮⡯ǷԲο
ڲܵ˰ɣƺƫͷŶȤЦ
׿Ӧжںڰзӣڶҡ
ƺһüǽͷ£׿ӦиϽϣֻŲҴҵ˴ſӰڴŵػһȦӰڱ࣬˵˾䡰ְȥ
ֻաһ죬ǻɷ׿Ӧб΢ġǡʲôװöˡ
ڡ⡱ĺ񣬵޷жǻرǱرգ׿ӦжʱŵòУŶ䲶׽Χְһལϣܹ׼
ƺ˿ֱûǴ
ѻؽˣ׿Ӧʡ
ţӦþƺЦļ򣬡ûôˣ㶼һû£ǽŵġ
׿ӦŽ֣бһۣﲻаүһϻڡ⡯ҿ̹ˣʤҪԼԩ
İɣӦûˡǰԺѰ˼ҵҪЩ඼ЩƤƺ߽ݾûԺС·һ̤·ߵĲƺߣȥؽѿһ˶Ƕء
δ䣬㷢ԼŵµĲƤȻ΢΢ݣʱһ
ʱ׿ӦѾز׽ϵ춯űмʸƿ̳֮ȥһ߰νʣһߌƺĺһţ󺰣ſ£
˿Ҽϡž˹ٲȻһʢļ꣡


95 
, ׿ӦннһƬ׹⣬ֵļʸ˵ϵƺ
ҹӰߣװʲô, ֻ֪ЩƬ̲ͣ, ûиκδϢĿռ䡣
ƺ׿Ӧߵ, ͵һڻѸٳ鵶, شҼ
ǿƵϮ˲յʱͣЪھ߶Ƚţ۵, ҷɣԾɾ
ƺ𣿺ƿӰ죿
ûУأ
Ҳû¡
׿Ӧͷߵôؾ͸֪ĶƵģǴ, Īڲٿأ
ˣżĻϲһȦǡ
׿ӦĨĨͷĺһΪǻתء
ܡҪǷ, һԤ֮Ȼնɱ, ΪתģȻͻ´ϢʱĿǰûװ÷ƺ˿, ׿ӦйؾȥС
׿ӦвػͷӰǽɻ㲻ǹôᴥԤ
ƺĿ, һһࣺƽҰܡǰĻö, ܻ˷Сġ
ǹү֮°ɣǵնݳ׵ˡ
ţϾʱԹ˲Ͼûܱ常ѹӣԱʥ常һֳ֪ڲ۸Ҳû껰ͳˡ
ƺ֮󺫷˽ϵƽҰҪ˱ܾˡƽҰȼﻹԱģᱻ˶ŵĸоΪŸˡܡһΪұҲǰ֪йܣжܷ
ЩҲҰɡ
ƺͷһƽҰֵƶ꣬ѶԷԼܵܣǿģԼԶԷޱԷҲͬ
ҹɽ֮ƺѺһȴҪնϢȴֱȥ䷢ʲôûܸ߹ƽҰдŸ֪ûƺ˵ĽͣеӣƽҰɻỳн١
֮ǰƺδⷽҲǷŷܱŲһ˿ǡ
룬ƽҰĻ۸жʲôûᣬֻ˵һжãǱܽ͵ͨˡ
겻ƽҰǲһֱڻң
׿ӦмƺͻȻ³أҲ³һ仰˼룬ȥǣ֣ҾƽҰôǻǣϾԮֻԼܵķҲ˳µ¡
ƺ֣һЦţס
Сţ˶ԺûٴԤǶЩվڹűûҶ
ԺʮֿԺǽͩǶ᷿мյشСΪĿ飬һʯʯʣ⼸ǻԣҹ㻨Ũˡ
ʱѽӽ£¹ԺһȻԵõľ᷿ûԵЩ죬ֻԺ䣬˾ô˴ʲôס
׿ӦжԺӣԺﲻ˴ɨӣǳʮƽҰ⣬Ҳ˵ùȥǴסģǲҲ˵ЩʵǶߵģ
ţƽҰƽｻʲô£ҪƺؿԸģؽӦ޷ŲߣǾȥԺӣòСĴԤ
Ȼû˵ܾЩ죬ǹƽҰܣ˴ӦøܲŶԣһ㰵ѾĻӦԶôᵽڶû
ˮڣԿԲµģɶԷǰ㷲
ܵ˼·һ˱Ȼ·ѭǽͷԺĩ깵ĵط٣ԺԺǽķŴһЩԽߵĵط̫ء
ƺΧֱӴԺм䴩
׿Ӧиԣʣؽڻ᲻ƽҰУԤ֮ʱֱӶؽѡ
ƺͷһۣЦôô
׿Ӧз˸ۣɱ˵û뵽ҲŲš
ҵȷû뵽ϻʱ򣬵ؽھֻںԺƽҰԸڷڸҲ˵ùȥУɱΪϲң;ܡƺһգۡ
׿ӦУҪɡ
԰ĽլԺûͨôգ˵ҲǲСġƺƶϣƽҰþӦסںԺǱԺĵؽѱȽϽͨҲȽϷ㡣
˾֮ʱ׿Ӧƫͷһ˳ÿ󣬶͸ˣǻûժ
û˵꣬ƺѾʶԣѸ㿪
˵ʱʱ죬ε˹һһͻȻѿ֭ҺĽΧԼаɶԶ
ԱȺĽ䴦ܣǴͨԺӵСš
ƺ׿Ӧлڻȴֲ鼱֮§סǰ˼òలȫ˲Ű£תͷ
˹ڲͣѣ׿Ӧо㤵ؿЩ֭ҺԱߵҹϣֲѸήŻĻܿήȥ֦ܿ췢ήĵطѾһ̲Һ壡
Щʲôôô
ƺϡ棬ʦӦҲֶ
׿Ӧ룺̷ͣ
ܻ࣬ϱĶʱҲõЩһЩǿԵƺĿѾֹͣѵЩ˹ӦǴɵģװ̷ͺͻоľͷϣαװرЩоͻת˹ƣ̷˦ȥ
Щ̷ӦŨȺܸߣȻôɱ׿Ӧꡰ𣬡ǽϣ󡣡
ɵغƺĺ󱳣Ŀһû⵽²֪ʱֵףƫеز˽ȥ磬㱳ϡ
ƺæͷͼ׿Ӧ˫ű˱СŴͩϣ
У
û£׿ӦоܵСЩȫף
ƺŵͷȻϲ֪زףһУҲҿ׿ӦǿԶһЩ»ҪһСΣײܣŻᱻ˶ö
׿ӦзѾҪնӣ˭֪ʱִһŴ£˽ȥˣԶ˿ڣԽԽ
ƺʱͫ׽УԽԽ
׿Ӧз˼£ѾʶЩԣѸ֣ͣȴûΪֹֹͣͣڲսյᡰ졣
ƺأսǿŵ׿ӦУУôͷ
𡭡ţ׿ӦоȫĹͷǱһؿڱѹôҪۣţ¹⣬ϵһϡд̡
⻰ƺ̵ͷ¿ֻһỴִ̈һɼأÿһѴ̵̳ϣ߶೤¹ҫ£ؿ̼ںڣǴ
óȻϵ׿Ӧе׿ӦбȻЩִϣ³֪
ƺһ󺹣׿ӦУУŵ㣬취㣡
׿Ӧбյûۣҧ˵ע⡭ȫҡû¡
ôû£Ϊ㲻˵ҾͿսôƺһԾǿͩ˫ȼסһ׳֦ɣն˴ϴһӡ
ӱ󴥷˻أಡգյһ룬ĩ˽һֻͬĴƺæڷŵ֦ϣֻܿ
ȻûסκζԷؿʼܿһš
۵ļһƺһ죬һ編ƣֿһһԼ֦һȻʣ֦ϣǣһͷС׿Ӧ
ͩɺܴ֣ƺıչ̧Ͽ˼ȱڣץŲȣһŲ׿Ӧߡ
ϧ׿ӦͷµţƺҲ̫СȣУҪȥƻأܴԵȰסһػ˰ˤȥ
û£ҡͷŵס׿Ӧд˿ͨ죬
ƺһ֪˿жֱѾҪսȥ׿Ӧ츳ܳŵøһЩҲӦѾǿ֮ĩˡ
ԷװɣҲԸƣһѸ׿Ӧн״ӣһ߶ͷɲӲúأ
׿Ӧдӿʼе㷢ɣƺģʶػ죺㡢Ӳ
ƺԳԵЦͷ˵ʲô绰ң
˵ѸȥѰ˼֦ϵСװãһΪܵĳֻأеļɵĽᣬ
Ѿյ£תѾ仺ƺӰٴϹŵĲȡһСƿ浹һЩĩڳϡ
֦ͩҶïһЩ¶ˮҲǳʪģЩĩѸڻʼʴ֣Сװñ㷢ڱɫֹͣתɢʽȻһɣ׹
ƺȥӣֻ׿ӦУУɿˣģ
׿ӦбյѴѪҺȫӿͷǵܣӻƺӺԶĵطԼӦЩӦȴô
Ȼһ˲еĸƺȫʧˡ
׿ӦбܵؿʼںͻȻǻĿǺԡ
ǹˣ͵һ׹ű㱻ϵӸһ֦ɴ
ƺϣľսؿ֦ȥŵУУ
û¡׿Ӧǿһ䣬Ȼ࣬ǻյۣһʱҲûȥ
𶯣ҹȥ⿪
ƺһ߰Ƥһ׿Ӧ˭֪ͻȻһҲûץΣ˴µ
жȻһšû£Һϻ˩ӡͷƬִԽԽ
׿Ӧ۾ŵŤͷȥһ˺ѷεĴ𣺡磡
ƺ˲һƬհףǴںڵĸִϴȥӣֻñܵرۣ׼ӭˡ
оԼһӽסɵ֦˦һȡ
ƺӵţϰбؿһ̴ִԼǼ⻮ٶһֶܴıӣ
׿ӦпӰƵػţɣû°ɣ
ƺ˿Ѿץסϵӣͦ˹˳һأ׿Ӧбе´һðѳȼ㾫ȷС
׿ӦѾ࣬ûҶഭϢˣ֦ɵӴ׿ӦСõ˴߽⿪
ƺαôЩ𣿡
׿Ӧпѣʵ˵ûЪһͺˡ
ұ㣬뿪ƺСذ׿ӦϵԼ󱳣첲ԼĲӣŸҰɿһԾԱķ
Ÿҳ׷ɣֽ̯ʡͣϣԡꡱشû˿
ҹʣԲƵعڿУյݶһƬƺ֪뵽ʲôͻȻٺЦ
׿ӦлŤͷЦʲô
ղűסӣһֻӼƺأЦͣ
׿ӦƲƲ죺ҲֳƽյȤ
Դ㣬һտһաҵĿĹ
ܿľͺá׿Ӧб˵ͻһӿһů⣬סƺ֣𷽲ŵɸ̾һһμԶҲǻôܲǡμǡġGɣ
ƺЦҿûôε˽䡣
˵¶ء
мܹ鶯ӣһۣһǣţӱһֻϣͻ᲻ϱƺϿĻظ׿Ӧһ顣
׿ӦʵƽҰԼķ
Ҳ㣬常ǰùƺƽҰθþ˼Ƕ֪ʲôʱ򴥷ĵڶԤҶЩиһ֪⣬ټӦ㹻Ѹ٣˵ˡ
һǾر˲ٿأǲ֪ôڵؽ۲Ρ
ƺҲӦòѣƽҰԺװ˲tڣǡõ۵
Ȼֿܣǲ羡ݣ׿ӦҲԼ˻ڡ
ƺ룺Ҳãǲš
վźߵԺӣƽҰƺ԰׾˶ڴ˴
лҪ˵
ŴΪ̷͡
Gμǡڶʮءزʥġ


96 Թ
׿ӦվƺԱ, δκζ
ˣҾþܿΣҲδܿ, Ȼǲҳġƺ, ȥؽѰ, ˵ܺý͡
׿ӦбϺԺ᷿ݶֱ
ظӷ, Ǵʮֵľ񣬲ŷ˲ݶżļ͸ߣر˹ȥ, ˰쾢ŵſڡ
׿Ӧаγ˽ʱ׼ڻƺսеƿ˷, ȻѸȥסԷж
Ƭ, һƬƽƺŶ׿Ӧʹ˸ɫ, Сؽһһ
ںܿм, һ鷿һԷ, ׿ӦԲûʲôҳ, Ӧǰմɨġ
ƺ̽鷿û˳׿ӦһߵԷ⡣˭ûԽ룬ֻվſ
׿Ӧп˿ɻʰú࣬Ҳûзҵĺۼеؽڣܲһ󶼲¶ɣĪĻʦǴƣǽϣ
ⷿԱС·ľ룬Ӧǵͷˣʣռݵ°ҡƺ˷ڣÿһ൱
׿ӦжĽߵשʯĽŲ̤ȥ𴦣󴥻ء
ƺߵߵǽǰûϸȷϵǽʵĵģûаҡ
׿Ӧתȥ¿Ŵףڴ棿Ҽûأſһʲôطⴲ̾ͻᵯ¶ͨڿҲϵİ취ʡ
ÿϲãƽҰʱҲĥ͸ƺҲŶ£Ŵ׵שʯɴȥɡ
׿Ӧеȥⴲ±ȽխЩ
ƺԥһ£аɣ㵱Щ
ġ
׿ӦаȥҪ꣬Ȼʱ䶸
˽µשʯͻȻһбݣǵʱȿգ䣡
׿Ӧиоǵ˾ֻ⾮ܿʹ˵档
ȻòǸ͵б£ʮխֻܻͷ˳ƹûƺ֪Ǳֿˡ
б²ܿ͵˵ףۡһײһǽϡ
һ°ˤ˸߻أűճۣ⴦ռһƬûаߣ׿ӦһĨڣǽ滺˻Ŵڴͳ˻ӡ
ϴȥ󾮵ʱƺøðٴڴϰһʵģȳƽʱõҪһЩֻװһЩҪĹߺ͵ҩжûװ
ǰ˼ƻŲֿжΪ⣬ƺҪϵ
׿Ӧšӣѹߵһһ̾Ǻ羭ḻ
һǽǽԼߣǰһӿͨʲôв
б¿ǽ࣬࣬ͷ俪ռǱƣܽͷ׿ӦйʱļѹС
׿ӦбͷĿռԽԽб¶ʱûһգͷܿһֱĳ߼ͨͨĶӦþǿذ塣
ŪˣƺӦǷֱģǴһֱͨ׹£ٵбϣɴٹĵ档
磿𣿡׿ӦͨһȻƺȵ鰤һĵذ嶼ƶмŵӦò̫
ȻһûƺĻӦ̧ͷĵذ壬Ǵлؿƣԭ·Ҳܳȥߣܲҵ·
׿Ӧжб¶ˣûգобҲһ࣬ôƽҰԷڵĵذ壬бµ׶˵ľԼǶɡ
µĲӦǹƽҰڳģڶԷĲӦòֹһؽôС
ھã㲻ùƽҰ԰ȫڿˣһһɻء
бµ֮׿Ӧдǰǵǽķ϶ȥûһգʱסˡ
ǰͬǽһ඼гڣȻӳȥɻǽ
һԹ
׿Ӧ̧ͷٸо
Щǽءûз϶߽ݾҲܹƽҰ԰ĵ˶Թ⴦߶ߣֻ߳࣬˾ʮѹ֡
ȻûõģֻܴԹѰҳ·ȷԹһĻ
׿Ӧдӵһﴩڶռ䣬ռŷ죬ͨѡұߵŷ죬˱ǣȥ
ռǽŷ죬ѡұߵģñǣߡ
ţǰĿռԽԽ󣬵Ҳı࣬ߵһ˱εĿռʱֱߺǰѾûŷˣȫ࣬׿Ӧб֪Լߵˡ
Թ״ǸΡ
׿Ӧб㰴ıԭ·أ·ߣȻһ顣
һһߺƺûеõӦЩĽĥŶԷǲҲͬ⡣
ƲǶԵģƺǰһţоһͷ
ȻڳУͳȫӣıԼԹֶͷҲֻйɽƽҰȶԻеȤģϲЩҪĺͼĶ
׳Ŭϴͽ˱ôƺε̾ӦñҸ͵סӡ
ͲסҲУҲܽǰЩǽȫƵֻñһȥˡ
Թխƣ˼أѾ󺹣קһЩҲû˿
ƺ׿Ӧõİ취һֻ˳෴һ·󣬵ͷңм·ѡ̫࣬˵
ãѾʧȥʱУ֪ߺ˶ãԽȥԽꡣ
գƺҲߵұһռ䣬ûг·ǽڣһͻȻϯԺͻļ£ɵסĿڣǽС
ԽԼûãϸǰӳȡõЩʤйɽӰӡ
ƺɵ룺û常ûЩغͱ𣿳ȥЩƺˣʣʲô
۸ݡɳغɣڼıԸһǴ򣬱ǣűߣ
µ˹ΪԼٵһƽҰԼҹ̽԰ȴµĻŪú·
ƺڵļֵʲôƾ㱾£Թ˶Ͼλˣʲô̸𣿣
һһЩͲ常ѣҲƾˮһ
뵽ǹа˭һѻͣȻյԺзתͬӬһ㣬ѵġ
ƺ˿̿ڸʣΨһһ˼ҲףʱһޣƵĿռкڰ˼ฺͷ
ǰϲˡ
ɾɽ֮갵յƺֻô˿̵Լһĵһս֮ʵȴһ
׿Ӧսһ⣬ͱˡ
ǻĲƺɿЦ
Ƕôõһ˰ƾʲô
Сƺͷסǽؿģ૵С
ţɤţ𣺡У׿ӦУĶ
ƺͻȻۿȣúֻҪŶԷ֣ͻӾϣ
ܹڳţϢ
ƺ̾˿Ĳغһ߳ܵĴ·أҳ·
ߵŷ촦ʱһԼԼͻȻ𣺡磿𣿡
ǽԶƵģǲѶλڸղƺͷŵǽ档
ƺϲǽ󣬴У𣿣
֮׿ӦеԽüü
׿Ӧи˻ˣߵԼԹĵ׶ˣҲѾе֧Ųסʵ̫ˣֻǴҴһƳ˱ǣҪߣȴԼƺŸϽۻ
һӦƺһýûǰǽ֪ǽжҪҪڿ
ƺǱߵ˹ڣԶ㣡
ԶҪʲô
ˣҪը
׿Ӧһ֪ƺֶҲɲʣãͺˣ
ŶԷ˵Ҳ񣬸ǽ¶ͷҲ֪ƺҪʲôը᲻̫һըô죿
ܿ˵Լֲֵûˣֵ᷸ͼ
׿Ӧк˼֮ʣǴͻȻԡһǰĽƺУĶ
׿Ӧſڱ̽ͷȥֻۻŻӵֻ˻Σ
һýӰӻдֱû׿Ӧп壬ͱ˵ǽϣҲǿ㡭
ջһֱҪ̻˵ǡ
ǳʱ䲻ȴд˾طľϲ
ƺٴϢɿ˫ְ§ڻŵļǺ׿ӦиЩͷĿѣ
磬ôˣôô죿׿Ӧ§ǲ̫ˣ
ƺŬźʣղûң
׿Ӧбؿڣ΢΢ţϻһֱĥ㵽Ķ԰˵ԹҲ̫ǲǱԹǷ־ԹˣƼȦϡһһֱںأҲ֪û
һ˵ţһ߸оƺؿڻƽʶŶԷʵǾ仰ش˼
ƺɿ˸ǰˮסĵһҷЦЦ㲻ˡ
׿ӦٲȻѾĹǣ˺úõԼǰ
ſھǧ׿ӦжʱϹеѾֲ֣Ǳǽߣҿôġ
ĻѾɢò࣬׿Ӧ߹ȥ㿴ǽм˸ӣµ
ʲôģػͷƺ
ƺ䲼ͳһɽ髴СһŵС򣺡ɽõĿɽе񣬵ûôжʱָ壬ʱըһͶüõһű̫ǿΣա
׿ӦСεǻжٺöûʶʲô
ƺͻȻһ˿ΣСʺȡģҪȡ常ˡ
ΪСһơɢּʫ֣ٲҲǡᡱ䡱ֱ׵ģû뵽Ȼ
׿ӦСһС򻹸ƺǵö⺢Ӷˡ
ҶƺʺЩ常ƣȥûùһһҪⶫޣҾͰȫըǽģټӲһ㣬ҲѾ
׿ӦͷǱ߿˿ɫȻ
ǱҲһԹǰɣ
ƺͷŻͨһ׿Ӧ֪ƺӵذϵ֮һ·б¹ȥԼȴֱ䣬б»ģһӾͰѾˣټмǽѹĺ
ô죿׿Ӧпƺʵ
Լжʱ⣬ֻҪƺһϱڶԷ·ӶԸˡ
طǺ£ҪǰԹڴ˵һ̣һΣգΪҲԹǷҲػء
ƺ׿Ӧǡ෴ֻҪվԼߣžܹһյ״̬
úԲߡƺǽ£Աߵĵ棬
׿Ӧ£ƺֵ˵زԹӦһ
תһȦҲôá׿Ӧɥɥ˵ǿΪ˷ô˵סˣȻӳȥĻᡣһط񡮹⡯һһ˵ܻľ񣬼ֱһʯ񡣡
ƺԵǽ棬˵ԣǲܻţúúһ롣˵ضȻгڣͿܲҵˡ
˵գûٳǻ䣬Դ׿ӦеļϣŵüҳҪ˯Ƶġ
׿Ӧл뷽ŵ˼ʱĳٽڵģžһ˿
ոôУǵңǡҪң
ôǿˣҲҪҵʱô
֮ǰƺô˵ôԼĳʰģ׿Ӧж̫ܸͬܣֻԷںԼġ
һ̣ʵʵܵƺŬҪصԼֳ˶ԷֱҪĸоϲҲۡ
Ȼ͵úúú壬úۡ
ɺһֻʨӣһֻСÿɲһ
ӿ԰ڻﱧţḧ谮ʨְ취öԷĴ¶ţù
ˣ໥⣬׿ӦоԼƺҪʱ򣬺гɾ͸УܣôҲӦͬķͶұ
ѡ
硣׿ӦеһƬž
ƺԾɿϣӦţ
Ƕ﹵ͨʱҲܻͨѶϢҲһʱҲѧᣬ硭׿ӦеƺĶǣҲһΣ
ӨӨɫ΢УƺǣǣЦˣʲô뷨
׿ӦĴ֣ʮָۣԹһֱýôǽÿ취ݼѶţûĳϣô
ð취תĹ򣬸ұá
Ҳóһɡ
ƺƫͷ׿Ӧһǣû⡣
Ҹղһ仰ڿȸ㡣׿Ӧ͵͵۽ײ϶ԷЦ۾ʱЩΪ飬úʲôĺеѡ
ƺʱðʾһ飬ѧϰѧϰ
׿Ӧбͷ룬ʳָƺֱϳ̶̵ûš
ƺһֱʹüۣŨܵĽëͬһůͷסû˳
Է̧ۿʱϿʵе㸴ӣʲô˼
׿Ӧоã£ƺǰǰŪĵЩӣܾõ㡣
ҪˣȻҪ嵽ףǰյƺߣ˵ͬڡ


97 ܵ
һС֮, ˾׼Ѱҳ·
ƺվȻȻǣס׿Ӧе֣ɿһ˴̫, Թ, ɢˡ
׿ӦаЦЦ, Ҳˣɢȥ, ҽö֮ǣְˡ
Ҳ۵ģҲϵԷʮָۡ
ǰһǽ׿Ӧʣĸߣ
ƺ˼㷽ŵʱȾһ, ֱӴбϹ䣬ƽҰԷУǶڵĵذשʯ֮ϵġ˵м仹һ
ȷʵ, ֻǿȡ׿Ӧкؿãǿ£
λ, ƽҰô
һﾪˣ׿Ӧжʱ, һѣߣҴȥ
Ѹٻص׿Ӧеĵطб¶ˡ
ƺ̧ͷ˿һɶߵ, бӴ˼
λӦǶԵ, ߴֱ£ǰӦþƽҰĴԵǿ򡣡б, ذǽϺܿһСͳһʺŽ
׿Ӧдʱе㲻ֱǸС裬ĿҪըһô죿
ģ㵽бȥҺƺ
أ
ƺָָͷϣ֮ҽ
׿Ӧб㰴İţµбµ׶ˣƺ䲼óͷ֮󣬵ǡʺϵţȻһ˫˫ſѸٳ
ûܶԶ±ߴۡһ죬
ƺֱӴܵˣ˳ȥǿ麦ǵĵذ壬ȻƲҲûٶѹ򣬴ʱҲ˻ȥ棬ȥըǿȱڡ
ŵıֻըһҿӣûը͸¶ͨؽѵͨ
ƺǳֹҲٶȱƻݣж嵶õʹڡ
б洫׿Ӧеĺ磿Σ
ɣ
׿ӦбѸƺڿӣҲж½һڡ
˻ͷƵش˰춴˴Լûܰ͸Щ١
ͣɣȱˣЪƺס׿ӦУб¶˱վֱǶڵڣ˿ᱳۣһƨڵϴ
׿Ӧ̧ͷ硭Ǻڻ᲻ùһؽѲأ֮ǰʱҴŹһ£ذ嵽б±ߣԼɣƽҰǰڳ㣬ڵûһĵذλãǺŴ򶴿϶Ǵ򲻴ġ
ƺ룬һЦҰоǴЪţԡ
׿ӦƺǱյûԹڰ죬Żһͨڿӣȷʵ۵ò붯ǱҲû֣һϢƺõڡ
ʱҲӺʹȷʵѾ׿ӦкƽִⲻҪڿӰɣûбЯĲô
㻹˵СƺȵòУӽˣϰųಲһѶֱ̲ΪأܹӳҪĳȣ˭֪سҲҪأû
׿ӦпǽϵЦôණǺأ
ǰᡯȻģҲᣬټӰҲиʮ
ƺĶ󱳵ļһչһ˵չ׿Ӧǰ
˿ŻΪƺ⣬ǽƯĺϣˮӳ÷⼡Ϳһ֬ʵӨɵ鷻￴ǱϷͼλǸС˶Ҳ˵Ŀ׳˶
׿Ӧжǲ㼡ʶ̿ˮĶжȥһѣĪһ棬ʱƺ󱳵ģ
᲻ͬǻһ㡢ͬһţɣˮżмĹ˳أ
뵽ÿڸ
ƺһݣҲûͷȫǺմ˲Ū֡
ֲûڣˡ׿Ӧֱ㶵ؿ󱳣ĵŷʱཬˮȸɾˬ˾á
ƺ֪ʲôΪԷڿԼ⻰Ϊ⡣
Լţͷ׿ӦһüҾôһٷӣҲ⿡ŵòɣ
׿Ӧ֧ϥϣ繵ظţ磿硭
Сƺ֣ͣתõʳŵؿ࣬ٶмŲܰڴ
ģҽˣ硭
ƺ׿ӦеķζϹУŹؼʱٷӡ
׿ӦпԼòУҧͷԳԵЦָϽͷ˳ޣȫ
˺һûһ˿϶ƺĸʲô⣡
ߵذ｣ʺݺһͱöȻʧ׿ӦߣڶԷϣ˲ˣɣܸһҲˣ
׿Ӧֱ̧ӸЦЪ𼱡
ʵµӳȥһҲѣֻҪСװѶǿ鱡ĵذըˡ
˴еĿĲҪҵ԰ڲ֮ˣ˽ƽҰĽͼҵͱӿ˷һѹأ𽥽ӽЩ˵Ĳء
ͥԺȥѰؽҲδɣԺأؽΧҲ֪ʲô죬֮֮ڲɱȥֱӡ
Ȼû֤ݣ׿ӦкƺĪãɹƺֻһߡ
Ъòˣԡ׿ӦеĽ̫խƺĵ׵ڳ˸Ķߣڡ
˭֪û£С¡¡ԱƺͻȻ𣺡Сģ
׿ӦлûӦͱƺһһѡƺڻǽߣúӭǶ½ɳ
һзƽ˾ƺͷɳѳС˵ҲǷŴ˹ؼλá
ȥСԴ̽ͷһ̹ЦУˣ
׿Ӧйȥ㷢ϷԼ߸ߵĵط¶һָķ϶һտյĻӦǹƽҰͨؽѵͨ
Щ˼ǰ߶ڵģôҵĹ͡
ƺݺһףҲҵСǣڣǾͲ·
˳ȴ˳ŷ϶ھڳһƺͷȥûһգϲ׿Ӧеһ̨ףǰ߻ͨ
ʤǺܿڳһԼ߳һ߿ĶɹȥŻһߣһϸ´
׿ӦйƵòƽҰȷʵѵ´㣬һĿǰռ䣬һǷסǵԹ
ԹǴߵһЩ࣬ٲ˸оơ
ƺ̾ƽҰ治ɱ֮ǰǵؽǿˣͦͨ硣
׿ӦҲȷ쵽𷽲λõıƣȷʵࡣ
ƺҲϵϰֱ׺ã׿Ӧһ󱳣̲סˡ
ôˣƺ˼⡣
֮ǰﾭʱҾ˵·֭Լûо𣿡׿Ӧ֣͸ƺ·ϵĶ˴ĺ󱳡
ƶмôƺ࣬ǶԳơ
ڷ˴ಲ׿ӦпǺ󱳲ûˡ
ƺ·˿Ц֮ǰ⼱ž㣬û⣬Թֱƣûоڲž͸磬ſе㲻̫ԡ
˳ǰߣ˼֮󣬷ӶòˣǽϹ̨ǰߵ·
⴦طʱǽǰªשʯ˼ӹ̣Ȼ˹ĺۼôͿܴڻء
ƺ׿Ӧ߾裬ֱסеı⴦ط
֮еĻعȻˣšǡͨשʯͻȻм˵ǽڣ¶˳ķ϶űж϶˳
Ҳֹһһգ۵Ĺǽ̽˵ṇֱִ̀ꪸ߭Ƕȶܵꡣ
˫лվһֱߣ׿ӦһɶӹĵƺûͶȣۿҪԼϣԭԱߵǹͷϽһȣ˸ͷǰ
׿ӦȻҲսƾƫݵͣѸٴļлдܵƺߡ
˴˿Ѿվͷֱ߱ǹ䡣ǲûߣǻͷ˿ֻǽıԾʮֻԾظջա
׿ӦУʲôȱ۵Ļأ
ǽӦǻеֱۿƣȻȥƺεҲСǣҲǾԸߣƽҰ˽⣬˱˵׼ҪͱѪ
Щ㹻ˣɱʵ󣬸Щɱ˲ĻرǲҪǡ
׿Ӧ˵ƺ뵽ʲôȻֹƺʱҲʶ⣬ѸתҪ䴦ͨȥȻȴΪʱ
ֻýһΣ˸򣬽űһԼһɼӶȻӵð˳УϷҲһǣʵʵظӶˣ桰ꡱꡱҧȻ۽
ֻһ˲䣬ƺס׿Ӧе޵ֿ֮ʼδǣӺȻݣֱԼһ࣬˿У
ͷǷ߹ذأͷǺһƬʱƵĲשʯ䣬·һ֮С
ƺ̧ͷ˿ӱһţһͻῪʼΣǸϵĿۿ۲Σأ˱ȻǶȥ
³Σ֪
У£ȵһ㡣ƺץ׿ӦУ˻С
ﱻ׶յһƬã׿Ӧ»ˣ˴ռ뷽Թǽƣֻǲݲݴδ죬ֻһǽп߰˳߸ߵľ壬˿̸߶ǡ൱
û´Ƕѱֵãǰ˸ϵӸǵķΧ׿ӦпЦϧһ
˭ӹһؿڲôҲ֮顣ƺ򶨣û˼ʲôΪࡣ
׿ӦŤŤӣʱ΢΢Ȼô£ǾòΪá
ƺ֣ﲻûˣ
ǲˡ׿Ӧп˿𣬡ֻмԶе㿾ƨɡ
ôһ˵ƺŽЩ΢΢ЩɣЦЦ
׿Ӧһ뵽ȥƽҰҵؽڣǵذɿˣһǽϵıðǸϽӡ磬ʲôҲôǵһһȷʵڶԷ֮¡
ƺɫٶţѾⲽأҲżˣ˱ػ
µӣ˵һ仰˼
׿Ӧв׷ʣܾöԷ˵ضԼ
һԲƺڣֵ԰Щū֣ûϵ㣬ôģǲƽҰǸͯ
ƺɫʮѿ̾һԽãƽҰҡ
Լã
ϣ֪԰װܵģ˽ģֻһˡǹǲ֪ôҲӦò뵽ȥʲôؽڡϾǴɨúܸɾܿܲˣ˭ɵꣿƺԽԽѹĿѹһʯƵĴ
׿Ӧб˫ȣϥϣǵҲδأǹֵµǰȵ̽أϸı£δزִᷢ˴⡣Ҳ˵ƽҰԸߣȻῼȫ
ɽͣأ֤ҵĲ²⡣ƺ˫Ŀǰ֮ƽҰܣѾ˱ߵһǶͥԺĸֻأΪƽҰ׵ܶһǸԹǵ̽Ҳ͵ΪֹˣΪԹǸըǽǿذ壬û߳ȥ
ԷУʵȫûҪټκλغ壬ȻЩ˵ƽҰ߳ԹˡˣҪ˽ܣֻЯܱƵĹߣң˭˵ƽҰ֪زˣֻҡ
ʹ˵ƽҰڻҡ
׿Ӧס˻Σѹᣬҵܽġ
ҲΪԼѹƺۿᣬƽҰʧȥףһ˶Ψһ֣˵ѾĿģΡ꣬ôİ·ȫΨһֵܱѡöܡ
ҵ֮Ҳйָо׿Ӧ̹ƺָ֣棬ⲢҪоõģʵģط˵һУϲֵùԼһί밡龪һǸôİĴʡ
˵ƺͻȻһۣУ㡭
ΪۣҾڹͦá׿ӦдƣͻȻͷҧһڡ
ƺüͷƾҧ̲ס࡭
ƽҰôԼȫҲĴѲڱţ㱻ѵͲҪôȻܣӦ֪ƢԣΪβ㣿׿Ӧмջ𣬡ô֪۱ˣԼ
۾͹ѽƺΪԼƽȻϽ壬ֱһڣ
׿ӦСߡһֶԼԼΪҪ㣿㵱ʲôõģ
ƺһ죬ЦҶҶ԰߷˰Ժһģɱӡ
ͻˣϹ򡣡׿ӦûƳһۣһҪԼȻҪң֮ˣ֪ô
ƺ֪˵ġǹذ˽飬⻰ﻹůڵģæشӦ
䣬һǽϵľͻȻ֨¡֨¡תѭȥ
ֻһ޴ĺӰͨڣһеΣ߼ͨƽǿࡣ
⽥ӳǡˡģǾͨڵĿףͷһüŭĿߣ˫۾ֱضƺˡ
Ȼۻ𣺡жˣٱ


98 
ƺ׿Ӧһʱû, ˶Ǽ˸ζ
׿Ӧбɷнµʣ߲ô
˵ƺҲ֮ǰ常оʲôؿ, Ҳ֪ǲ
˵׼үû, ƽҰأ
, Ҳпܡ
ؿôʲô
Ҳһμ
Ǽпܼ˲, ͷӶ׷ʵأкˣٱΪô԰
Է, ռһȦȦԵϡ
ԡ׿Ӧжƺ϶˲ͷؿֲ˵
ƺҡҡͷҲδ, ˿Ҳܲں氡㿴ⶫɽƵģͨڵʵʵ, Ҳͷ
ǵҲǣһصĿ, Сǰһ͵ô׿ӦǳɵЦ˳, 첲ȶˤõǣҲ֪һҪĶٲϡ
ٴα, пŭˣ֪Ļ, ӵһȻж߸ߵľ롣
ۻһ˿ŭ⣺˵
ƺ׿ӦЩĻţҲ֨ѽڿвˡಡԼͬס˺ߡ
û˴пܣƺȥ׿ӦеƨɣûŰɣ
ȥȥȥռұˡ׿Ӧæִû¡
пܼȻ˼ΣʱŭȵûꣿΪβҵ⣿
⻰ƺ׿ӦӶЦ
׿ӦС˵ŭӦò󡣡
ţ̫ʻҲûʲôǸƺͬصͷ
ó׿ӦȥӣѾЩˣսپ
ƺ˫ۣ°ͷǼпܣһûأƾʲôң
ǡô԰Ȼʣпܵɺ𷽲ţЩ㡣
˵ܵլԺūȫʶңȻʶضˣƺɫŶԷ˫ĿȫȻѹϣƽҰôˣΪҪȵռ㵽Ǻˣ˵
ǼпͻȻٻػͨڣ·𻵵Ƶġ
ƺֱһ䣺вtںףһֱں˵Ӧ֪ҵݣֺαװģ
ԷȻԲƺҲȻоѿʼֽ̣׶Σ˭ȳס˭Ȱˡ
׿ӦдչӦþƽҰͯɼȻʮһͬôƽҰץȴȻػ»𣿡
㻳⣿
û֤ݣֻǾһ̫ɺϡ׿ӦеƽҰͻȻ˸ͯͻȻû¶תͱץˣͯܲ죬ظƽҰϵʮУ˵ƽҰʮֽ֮ˣôô
ƺ΢΢ףҲһֱƵģǿ˵ĻػҲĻ֮ˣĪֻĳͻȻƽҰۣرֻرͶ
ðɣھϣܿٽˣϽǷųȥ׿ӦüҸоŵ׶Ҫˡ
뵽ǰñչüĥվڻ̿ϣ˻ûˮ˰ޣƺͲۣվҽϣƤ񣬲¿
˵Ƥ⣬ж𡣡׿ӦеΪҾͲۣ
ƺһЦĻŭţҲٶѴ࣬˼ҪȻԼȿڣŸ˶ԷƹҪȻڸԡ
˼֮ʱǼпͻȻ㵱١ƽҰ֣ˣΪβαܿܣ
ƺóԷ˵ү־òף˿ڣǱЦһͲ˰ɣܻ˾֪ƽҰᶨ¸죬µı仯Ȼ֪ңߣ׽֮ˣȻҵ֡ûƽҰҲʲô
㡢˵пͻȻ⽿εĿۻγԱȣ˵Ĺ졣
ƺ׿Ӧضһ̧ۣͷǼпܣŮӣѲƽҰ˻ԼסһɲУֻûͷǵĻδû뵽ƽҰȻΪ죬Щʫ嶼ȥˣ
ҲŮӣпˣƽҰ᲻֣˽˶ףʶ֮ˣ㲻Ҫ
׿ӦЦЦǻС
ƽҰյͯɣóʮġƺŭɫϿҵȻվǶԻ˵ƽҰѾ¡ǵΣգΪʱδ㻹ǿ콫Ƿųȥ˵Ҳþȥ
£пܴƬ̣¡¡ͨȥǽϵľ塰֨¡֨¡ػϡ
׿ӦҲûͯ˳Ѿ˵
Ȼľű֮󲻾ãգ˷µǸͨһһɶľ룬ۡһڵϡ
û˻˿ƺ˶һЩֻûȫ£ǲȥڡ
׿Ӧ庮ԭٳ˿̶ͷȴҲ飬һ͸죬Ǻÿ˷龰ƺȴʮֵģȻ˰ɣûĶ㶵װ˽ҩһ
ţ㵹˼ȫ׿Ӧҡҡͷû¶ͨ磬һͺˡ˹ˡ
Ա߹սǺнŲƺ˶ǴŶϸ˽ŲϢأϰ֮ˡ
Ų˹սǣͻȻͣһ£ͯҪֱˣЩջתһξ룬ؿƺ׿ӦС
Ǹʮ߰꣬鷻Сһ£Ӳ˸òҲЩһʵͽģ
ƺʾõЦЦţʲôĵģ絽ǰġ
սսǰ˼վǰҵĵط㲻ٶˣϸ˿ƺ׿ӦУְĿƺϣʵү֣
ƽҰңƺ΢΢ü
ү֣û֡ȻЩģĿⲻرܹƺʲôӺζô֪үˣ
ҽƺүĸ常ǰǶ۸ۣ¶֪𣿡
ʵҲ֪ү䣬үˡ
԰ūǶƽҰ游үƺɽҲֻΪүĸסֱӽ֮Ϊүܿ԰ʱ䲢ã԰ūҲࡣ
׿ӦԱţ֪ƽҰͯҲûɽݡ
ϾɽڵͷôŶ۵㣬ƽҰǵ䵹Ҳ˵ùȥ
ƺ֪࣬ҲѾͣ򵥵ǰ˸һϳϵ֪ͭƽҰѣǧﱼǰѰ㿴
һ˵ţһߴ䲼ͳöͭӸꡣ
ӹͭϸ
ͭרõģϳɣ
ϵóͷĿз֮ɫһЩЩɣүǰų£Ǵ۸ҲҪ߰·̣ŵδ֪֪飬Ϊβү˾Ǻ


99 
ƺ˹ǣӵתÿ, ѹƽҰ㣬βٿܡ
Щ˼ͷ
֮ĿĲǹǰ, Ǹ, ҲҪ˵һ̽, ҪȳƽҰҪĻ֮˾ƺ, ƾһ֮ǲеģҪİ
׿ӦһԿţǳıСһ, 룺̫ˡ
вƺϽԴǿУͷ, Ժȥ⿪ӡ
תѸܿƺϲ̵ؿ׿Ӧһۣұֻаɣ
ֹ, ֱԵ̨ˡ׿Ӧһ˼
ƺĪ飺ʲô
ǲҲƭˡ׿ӦҪЦЦ˵ʵϼ޻
, Դ˵̹֮󣬾;ûƭ㡣ȻҵڳƺίͰ͡
׿Ӧ°ֻͣ߰èòţҪǱҷƭ, ҾͰȣؼ
˿ֻ۵һ, ɿǻعԭλ, ͨ˵һΰ˻ȥ
ƺ׿Ӧ̴սǴߣӭײϷꡣ
ƺ񣺡ү֮ǰð¡
ƽҰӾһǶԵģûʲôƺʲô֣
괹ұֵּһᣬү԰֮ȡ֣ǣǳǡ
ƺЦȷʵƽҰķ񡣡
׿ӦĿһδ
ǿ׿Ӧһۣλǡ
ƺˬʵƽҰĴ󡭡
׿Ǻͬۡ׿Ӧдϵ
һ׿Ӻá
ƺڨڨ׿ӦһۣŪ˴˿ΪĪ⣬ҲǵѾûΣˣȥ˵
»ΪƽҰҪñ֪²ڲ졣ƺҲûд̽˼ֶ˶˼Ρ
Ȼûг׷ɾ裬ƺ׿ӦȥԼصС䣬ǸõĽݣ˳Žȥ㵽԰˷
˷λһĵ׿Ӧк֪ڵתһȦȻֻص˴ſڣǰ²ⲻƽҰȻǰ԰ȫڿˣ
˿̴ԭһҹ
׿Ӧвʲôʱˣ
ǻصճʱ
ƺߵԺ˿ͷǽʵʱѾˣ
ǵûУԴү£⼸һֱڵ¡ǲ˼
ūأ
үԸ⣬ǲɢūͣȥүץұˡ
׿ӦߵӰڴһҼҹ֣Щļ¡
Ҳ˷ӦѸ٣ҪȻûȳˣԼˡ
ƺ󣬻ͷǣȥƽҰаɣ֪Ƿǰ۲쵽ʲô뿴ûֻƬ
֮ǰڹƽҰ鷿ûĴлأǴţû˹˼ɡ
ԥһ²ӦУðɣ
ǰ棬ƺ׿ӦԺȥ
׿Ӧб߱ʣ˿ܵĻǷѾرգ
ûлͷֻߣ㲻¡
ߵԺʱƺѾ֭ʴһź֭䦳һƬӰĶ㻨ӣйӵͩԳЦЦ
ҹǷһֱڰǣЩҲݵİɣʣһݶϺһɤ˵ݣû
ǻͷǸԺȻвtںףҲǴܿĻضԶֻЩҿƵġ
תȥƺ׿Ӧнһ˶˵ôˡ
׿ӦʵƽҰʶ
ǰĸˣ캮ضĸײȾ纮ûͦȥ޷ģֻĸҺүԳŲ鱾ֽţҡүƣҿǮҰĸףһ԰ͯ
Ǵûҳ΢ȡʶֵ֣һ㡣үҵĴֻϧܻңȴû»
ƺǵļ򣺡ô룬˸иԵôʲô¶Լ
⻰׿Ӧпһۣǡ㵹ʲôĳ
ٴλصƽҰķУƺ׿ӦвԼͬȥԷǰ©Թذ塣
ӱϿһûУһ
ƺվȥ˲ȣذ˿ãûҲܴʵȫǿյġ
ƽҰȻɸ̾ǣ˴Ƶģ
εͷšʵֹذ壬ҲǻģˡҲܸ֪ū˵үǰǰڹüأÿĶͬһ֤ûйܡиɻ˭ҪҽȻᱻơ
׿Ӧԣһʱһʲô
ƽҰȫģ֮Ȼ֪ԽԽãҲʡƺЦߣȥ鷿ɡ
мʱ׿Ӧǣ˴ʮ࣬Ī⼸㶼ڴɨ
ţȫЩұɨϲŻص¡
ƽҰ֪ʲôʱֺαһô죿
үɾڣҲܷδ˴ҳңһҳݡҶҲΪ˱ֻүס԰ѡ
׿ӦЦЦһʣôšƽҰ⣬֪ġ
ү֪֪ûϵӦġߵ鷿ſڣƺ׶˵ĹƺҪʲôʱʧɫȥƿҶүĶ
ƺ˸ڵϺٺֱ֣İ㣡
Ծʧ̬һүҲǹġ
޷ҲţҵȷҪģ©ƺģƽҰĶҲҶҪ͡
ƺԸһ֮ǵ˵ͷðɡ
׿ӦվһߣĬĬ״ҲֻһЦδԡ
ƺԱ߷ŵľף۾һԭ
ͷҵһ̴ľľᣬ򿪿˿Цеصݸǣ㿴ǲҵˣ
ǰŰɵؽӹ򿪣ֻ滭һƺװ񣬲ɵ̧ͷ뻭Աȣ㣿
Ȼˣƺճŵ˺һֱôңȻҪ֤ݡĻ㶼ûɣѹֲϵҡ
ǽǸڵүϲĶ
׿Ӧк棬ҲչȥƺһʽİٻףἸ꣬ɳƵǷʣ緢
ǻһдšƺʮ񡱣׿Ӧвɡ͡һЦ˳Ԫڳģ
ƺüΣΪһ㺺ҲŲ·ţ񣡡
׿ӦֻˣҪǰӣתͷЦùϸϸ꣬ǻ±ϸ£ʷ˶Ի˵ꡣ
ǳ״˶ƺĻɣŶеү𷣡
ˣҲǶԵġƺȣܸƽҰµϸ˰ɣ
ͻȻͨһڵϣҶԲүүΪҲűץߵģ


100 ʼĩ
ǵĻ, ƺ΢΢ü˻
׿ӦҲϸãСԵһϣɫصؿǰꡣ
ƽҰһ£ƺʶΪǹָʹ, Ѳɻбԭ
̱ڵ, ͷǰ, ĸʱһԱҵĹҲ뽫ȥ, վмϣ﹫ȳ۶ʮȷʵѾ, ǮѾҺĸˡ
ƽҰֹˣ
ԡʱѾ׼﹫ˣүͻȻ֣˵Լȱͯʮ, ԸԸߡ
ƺЦһСӣʮǼ, οǮһգΪū, ʵǿҲѹƽҰȥ
ҪԼΪūȻҲż۸ԽԽ, ΪģҲ˼Ҷҵĸ߿, Ҿ㵱ʱүߣȴҲҵλ﹫ӡ﹫, үҲû뵽үȼôһ˳ţҲû﹫ӵֽа塣
ǵ֪ԼȷʵѼ۸ӵʮԸԸߣҡȻԸġ
ʮƽҰѧͯɣҲûնÑ͸ѹ׵Ǯƺզǣ֪ƽҰΪͻȻĴ
׿Ӧеûֳô棬ʵأǷγȵԭ򣿡
Ǻүû˵Ǽūҵġԭλ﹫ϲϲŪͯүļħƣƴͻҲҪҴ
ƺ⻰ɫ޷죬ٸô
﹫Ӽв˵ͨ죬Ҳӣٸǧ˿ƵϵȻֻֻԼҵū澣ǳֻ߹ٸЩŪ˹Ʒ±ץסޣ߱˼߲񣬼ҷòֻ߸¡
ūݵͼЩүǵ˿׿ӦƽҰҽӣǲŹ꣬ǹòɣ
ȷʵүʮӣҰĸףֻ̿ͯ԰δȥٸĻū˵гһջ뿪﹫շתүס˵¶ͷ֣˵֮ɫ֧֧˵ȥ
ƺŵȷ£˫֧ϥϣ̽ǣƽҰǶ䣬˽й֮£ô
Ǽеؽͣү׵ģ
ƽҰȻ֪˵ƺҲףΪηָƽҰŮ˽¶ԼǷӦôˡ
´Щͺɵ˼ұ㶼ˣ˭Ҳ˵¶ֻǸЩ׾ӵɣӴ˲ٵšѹΪ̣ū澶˶үҲϽ˸ߣֻ˴дš״׬Ǯֲͷ¶棬Ȼм̯Щ࣬дЩС˵꼫΢
˴׿Ӧüһдʲô
дһѾһ˵ţ˱ӣƺ׿ӦмСϣתȥȡһùⱾдһ롭
׿ӦеͷȥǱдõģֻǡǡС̸ЦʱɫһݣƺҪã̡žذסӷ棺ȿ
ƺ漴Цúúãȿôô
׿ӦиϽⱾǡ˹֮ôΪ鷻ǱϷͼǵֽЦ̸䡱̸ָЦʵЩ£㲻׼ͬһأ
Ҳ֪⻰С˵д¶¶ǣһƺˡʵ˺Ҳûʲôν׿ӦоĪе飬оŹƽҰƺǱʷЩϤƺϷͼһޡ
ԽԽ⣡
ƺӹǵݹûдǱû׿Ӧж鷢ȻˣЦôˣѲƽҰдⱾʲô˷׵ݣ
ôᣡǲݵñ˿үЦȵǡдһ˺ȾƺȶˣȥյĹ£ֵ׵С˵
׿ӦҲ·˷ȷʵûʲôֵдĪ˿
ƺⱾδдġһ֦㡷⿴˼ۣЦЦǱûʲôⱾ޵ġ
һʱˣ١үҲǳӣ͸ȢˣдЩ޷֮飬ʲô
үʲô㻤ģû˵áƺ׿ӦֹⱾһ֦㡷ֱ̰Զ˲õЦ˵ܸ㿴̫
׿ӦвǿᣬԵԼ뿴Ƶģڨڨջ֣룺ߣҶˣ
ƺǱԼڶ֮󲻺˼ٶ໰ûдⱾ㿴ݣ
ҡҡͷʶֲ࣬޶ۣүѧ˰ǽүȰʫٿЩ
ţ˵öԡ֮⣬Ļҹ鷳ôƺѻ·
ûˣҶвԱУûãͻȻ⣬﹫ӱ򷢳ȥͨϵûҹ鷳˵ǳʮաãڼƻˣȰȥߣȥ鷻ЩƷȥмû뵽͡
˵˵ţȦˣ̲סҲáм﹫ӣ˶Ƕ෬裬ү˵תͷߡȽŲ㣬߲죬﹫ֲϷŹһֱੲݡʵڿȥ˼죬﹫ӱдְΧסˡ
үȻǵĶ֣үҲǶ֣ߵ﹫Ӹǰ˵ʲôҼ﹫ӵ̱ɫ£ȴǽ£ʱݺݵصүһۣơ
֮үҷ԰ү˵ʲôųүֻ˵˼ѡү˵Ҳ׷ʣ֮ЩƣۣҪϢƬ̣֮ǰĶмϣҴҸϻȥãɵһͷүˡ
Ǵͷɥڸ˺һûүӰᵽܵģҾһ£ʹҴҷ԰ү˵ģǲɢūͣ㵽˵¡
׿Ӧ˼ضҲƽҰΪβ٣ѵҸɵô
ȻǻɵģҲû֤ݣȥҪˣҲܳϡүǰңʲô£Ҫ٣ֻ谴˵İ԰ǲɢһûܷأҲȥı·
ƺ֪ƽҰΪβιٸ˵Ҳ˵ùȥǣƽҰûи߹㣬Ϊʲôװܣ
˵ֻ˵г⣬ȽŲֲṦֻ԰ˡҼܵԼĪӦñˡ
׿Ӧʵô˴ƽҰ£ǸйأǸйأ
Ϊѵؿ˿ֿ˿ƺɵ⡭ҲԴ⣬Ͼǳû﹫ӶүǺģ֪ġ
¶йصĿԱȽϴ󣿡׿Ӧޱؿǣǲʲô㣿٣ҲȥҪˣֻvһº뿪
ǵģҲôǼʵҲһֱ취С΢ʵڲ֪ôźãŹүٲұȥѰ̽˴̽һǲ᲻үģҶͬ죬ΪƴУֻϧƴ֪ȥƴ
ƺ׿ӦеĿ˷̽Ҳδ˵ǣͨദƽҰǸˣ
үȻǸˣ
֮أΣ
ҡҲܱү̳
ۣƺƽҰδ֪ڱʲô˽˽⡣
ԥү˿֪ʶֻϲ鶼ԵЩϾűҴ꣬Ҳ̫ϳɳˡֻһˣȻ飬ϳɳҲǱΣϾ԰ָ
˵ƽҰȱ㣬żæҲȭȭ֮ĵҲ˶ݣƺεЦЦΪˣЩġûоʲôŹֵĵط
룬ͷ⵹
ƽҰٰãôʣȻʲʲô׿Ӧ˵
ƺȻͿˣֻЩģʼ䣬ܲڳʲô˿Ҳ֣ⲻǰ׷
һ䣺ûʲô֮ţ
ûУ˶Ͷ鷻См˵Ĵ԰û˵š
ҲоԼıֲ̫⣬ɪվһߣ̧ͷǣײ׿ӦеһĿ⣬Ѹٴȥ
׿ӦкϾȣ°ۺãȻ˵ƽҰãƽ㶼ʲô̵
ʶ֣ҲԳơСˡֵһ㣬ʱҽ˵ĵ
ʲôأ׿ӦдĻƤбû˵ƽôηηҪ˵ӣ
ǲۣ㡭ô֪
ƺǰһЩ̫׿Ӧеͼ
ϸǣߣǼҲӿˣڼӶʳҲܸϣ궨ܳΣֻǴ˿СԵЩ
˵ò̸ӢȴҲʮͦ۾Ǹʺĳࡣ
ֻǻмֻɵʱ򣬻еӲȷԼǹƽҰֺȷʵԽԵηС
Ҳѹ֣ûʲô飬Ҳû棬⸱ѹӣȻη塣
׿ӦмԼˣֻǵһЦδԡ
ǵͷү˵ӺҪأ˽ﲻҪұ˱ϥϲҶΨΨŵŵƴӵӡҡҸĲֻһΣȾ˷纮ֲϳҩҼˣ˵˾ػû뵽ûһԹ԰ҩˡ
ƽﶼչʳ𣿡׿Ӧмʡ
ǵģ˵֮ǰǴչ԰֮չЩͶˡ
չ˵̶ֳȣϴ𣿡
ƺ⻰ü΢׿ӦС
׿Ӧкûע⵽Ŀ⣬רĵضǵı顣
ǵǵͨ죺׿ӣүĹϵ
ȽŲ㣬뵽ȥˣ׿ӦЦЦ˭ˣ
ү˵ǣֻӲǷ֮룬Ҳ׿ӱЩһүƷԡҧҧ촽һķŵģĿᶨ׿ӦУΪҵĴүԸһүף
׿ӦζؿҲûж㿪˾ôŵضţ˭ò
ƺǰͻȻˣָôη֣˼
Ƭ̺׿ӦݸһЦЦѣҲòôѰٻġ
¹үǿЦ׿Ӽ¡
ˣ½ҹᡣƺڳǣƽҰ£һ׷飬ʲôԵҿջС˵йӱɣҲ͵һ㡣԰ӦòĻصסˡ
ǼǰһүϢܲ˸Ӹţ
ȻƺЦЦСϷŵġǡ͡һ֦㡷ԼǾᣬһЩҴȥģ˽һƽҰﶼʲôУ߰ɡ
ǹͳ⣬߳ԶƺͷſĿ
㷽ôˣ׿Ӧеļ򣬡ΪҪǺӣ
׿Ӧһ£ˣֻ⣬ûԵ˼껰֮ʲô֣ǷǴСˣ
ȻᣬƽҰʧйأһԱġƺ˵Ϊ˱ǵ︮̽
мһʡ׿ӦкȻܱܲ룿
ƺջشϵֱۣɫ㾡ʡ
׿Ӧкһʾ䣬ʵƽҰʲôԸ֪鷳᲻һдĵ𣿡
ƺЦһ˵ĿˡƽĶۣˡƽҰͳɳԵʣʱƵҲٶ֡
׿ӦĿƵؿûһԭô
ôֻܵһʱͷԷȰɡƺʼ磬һ̫ˣҪиͬ顣
Ťͷ˿׿ӦУֶԷȻû˵΢΢ƲƲ죬Ȼǲš
ող滳ƽҰʲôɣƺɻ˵ô˵ҲǸѪյСҲûŮɫƽҰüĿ㣬ֶо֮⺢ӶƽҰĽ֮˼ͷҲпԭƽҰġ
˵ͷͷǵ׿ӦﰵЦʲôСʶ®ɽĿֻԵڴɽС
ƽҰȷǶģΪϲ㰡ɵӣ


101 ֹ
׿ӦоñŤ, ǹƽҰΪȡ֡
˼Ҹ˸ʲô£Сͯȡôʫ黭Ĳ̫࣬ƺ֡롱ƽҰ֪, Լͯȡǡ, ԵѰζˡ
ֱֻĻ, ԵЩ׽Ӱǣɺ׿Ӧϸϸ۲, ĲƺЩƣ㲻ɼеǡ
ǵļ⣬Ҳȷʵ̽, ΪǶԹƽҰĳѾ޷ڣ⺢ǲǶ䣬ǸѾ浽˼¡
ͨǵĻش׿ӦиǾ, ƽҰǰƺģȥġ
ЩţֲҪΨΨŵŵƴӡòϹƽҰԸ, ԼǰүǶ޶¡
׿Ӧоã˵ƽҰͻȻĴ󷢾Ȼ, ˵ΪԼ˸˽ĽǶȳֻҪ, ϵ鷳Ҳܽܵġ
뷨ƺЩⴧ⣬ƺҲ, ƽҰ־˲̫Ը׿Ӧз˵ͨˡ
ƺڹƽҰ, Ҳųԡ
ʱϲһ˺Ͳһˣìܡ
ϲǳУǳ˼ڹƽҰƺֹϵ£뷨໥ãùƽҰøΪӡ
Żһ˸ʱƺˣ˵ĹϵǴģûκθıġ
ЩȫԼĲ²ͻɣĿǰ׷ƽҰҲûʲô׿Ӧвûƺ
ֻԹƽҰӡһı䣬ƺȷʵ֮⣬Щ˼һƺܲδ
׿Ӧеʲô⣬˼ҲûʲôãҴڹƽҰڵӦöЩĻܱԼ
ֹƽҰϲƺ£û׿Ӧжôˬһʼе⣬ʻʱ˵ܿҲ뿪ˡ
ƺˣ̤ʵɿĸоòӢˣĻ壬Լദ£ϲοƽҰСһ𳤴ǡϲӣƺֱ
׿ӦЩʵģƺƽҰһ𳤴ʱ⣬ô׷׷ġ
俴ǸƽҰױʻƺÿһʶ飬·Сҧ׿Ӧеģִ
ڵƺȻҲ׿ӦҲСʱģڸĸ۰ǳһСǰɰ뿴ʱӣȻϲװϳɣߵˣչٻһף
׿ӦƺÿһʱԼӡǣɴǰȫǹƽҰġ
ʱ⾹޿κΡ
ȥҲԼЩ̰ģҪǿ޷ǿ£ʵڲ̫Լ
׿Ӧа룬ˣԺ󺺸綼ҵģҲó࣬ҲΪкѣ
ƺ֪׿ӦĥʲôҲ£˼ΣԷ˵Ҳûٶˡ
˭ûиԼС̫ǲã˾Ϣ
˸ϻؿջҴҳ˵㶫ֽСˮɳϴɾ֮㵹ͷ˯
һĲ٣Ǿƣߣһ˯˯һ죬ҺǰԸСʱţ˲ŴӺ
ƺ׿Ӧ۶˯Լ·žú֮պˮŰ
Լɡ׿Ӧкߺ󣬱ȥӡ
ƺһ§һָû£񡣡
֮ƺָۣʱ׿Ӧв㳹
֮ǰûɷ٣ţʱĩĵȥջС̯˻ϡ
ŶɴñʹѾС̯һߣƺ׿ӦеˣǸ
˵⽡Ƭһţ⣬ûڣͿҲˡ
ǡС̯λˣյƺǰЦеʣλϵܣûˣƴΣ
ƺ⡣
ƺߣһСʣ磬ҵƽҰô
һʮѾ°ˡƺһƬأ
Դ֪ҲҪƲŪɰҪ֮󣬴һԤϵ˹ƽҰܻ£Ҳûþ档
һ·˳¶һûУս׼
ҺĴתתû˸ǡȥмһȦҲûɵˡһ˵һֱؿƺţʿˮ
ƺţ׿ӦиǰƣУ⽴ţⲻԵ㡣
׿ӦпڨڨģЦ˼ɵװİˣҲʳ
죬⺢ӣûԹôǰӳӡϰ壬Ҫһݽţ⣬ںþˣ
ϰ̯ӱæţӦϣ͹Ժ򣡡
ŲŲʣƺ磬˵Ĵ̽ߵ䣬ʱûз֣ҹĴתһת
ƺ޷ǶѾ׷ˣܻⰵè׽û˼ýҲ£ҪҲͷųйӡȥ֪ˣܻж
ͷ˻ȥƺҲſԼߡ
׿Ӧг⽣˹Ӳ죬ʵҪηšйӡţ
кʵĳر˵йӡҪڴ˴ݡƺֺõسЦЦݣȥݣһõѧҲܻˡ
۾ɵ񼦵ҿɲ裡
׿Ӧ΢΢üǿԼ¶ı飬˺ģ顭ҲǲУֻ̫֫Ӳ»ҡ
СƵصͷԶԶԣһң
Ҿ͸¡ƺؿһۣ㻹᲻áйӡͷΣΪ㲻ϲء
׿ӦбҲû˵ˣʵҲôǾԼǿ裬˷ɴġô΢ôһ㱩
ΪǵռĿ꣬ȫ̸ųΪ˲ģ³֣ȷʵ׵
ǲϲôɡ׿ӦоԼŵƬ̽ʵЦѸٸ˿ڡ
ʱŵĽţʳ֮ζиĶټһôô˵ʲôʲô
׿Ӧֱ׳˵öԣȻҪ
߶֪йӾи磬ǻҪô㣬Ҫ֣͵Ͷô˵ڴؿƺôɵɣ
ƺЦЦ겻õӣǿ˰Ȼɵûѡ˭ŪأƽҰΪиʦΪǳ֣ȥȥ
̵Ȼȥ
׿Ӧг۾˼йӡһų˿ܲΪȻ߻֪ѾˡȻڷŶҪôֱɱҪôͬŶǰһַʽڱһλãҲ룬Ӧûѡһַʽ
ˣ˷ܵشϵ־ԼƺЩΣСΧƳƳûע⵽ŵܷųĶƽҰӵϢʡǷ׷ˣ
ƺЦⰻȻ磬Դҩˣһҹ֮ô󡣡
ҿɲ̰ЦЦһھƣµĶҪǳʮ㣬Ҳ־ڱصãҪȫˣף
ţȻָܵ˷ֻ̽ƺƵ˵Ȼʲô磬ʱ䣬ȥûʧ٣̽ϸ
ü˿ù߻ַʽ֣ʧ̫࣬»ٸô
˵ôɣĽǨ㣬Ҫֻõȱ֣԰󼸸ȥѧʦҲ˵ùȥƺҹ鷻˵ʱǵС죬ǽڹʧٰȥһ顣
׿ӦвǵõС˵뵽Լǻ͵Ϸͼʱ࣬Ҳ廰
̴һڰ̣ţˣ²ѣһᾡš
ƺãձˣپۡȻǴҪߣҲˣΪֹһ򾡣ʱǷסҿջ䣬;¼Ǻűɡ⣬ҪĳǰжһҪСģౣءУ߰ɡ
׿ӦиȥƬ̺ҲˣܿһȦҹɫע⵽ƺûǵţԼǰ
һףЦеϢôһԵģ
һأһٱһٵĲáںóУϽԵ㡣
㻹ٳﶼ鲻ˡ
Ҿ͸ǸߵķӡˣҲ˵ףץľƱһڣǹɤӣꡱһƶ˳һͨԣȵͨ졣
Цʹ󱳣ŨأûҶСںȣ㻹ţã
ϰ״ϽҨһˮݹСɾȵˮѹһѹ
Ͻˮ˹˺ȥžɤһ㣬ֶƱС˿ڣۣȴǿͨͨֻǺ̫Ǻˣ
Ը￴Ʋ˵ƣҹɫˣȥôʧ˿ڵ¶һ˷£ͱˣȥʺŪʲôݰɡ
Ⱥ磬һȥȥЩ֮ô
˸ЦòȥԶʹǹĵطȥľ¥¥ʡϴ㲻ǻȥǸʲôȸ¥ôˣ
Ŷȥתתڨڨ
ˣ˵ӣҴȥʧҹɫС
ԵñģΪ˾е΢ԶʹƵһƬƺ̣Ҳ֪ΪɢΪ⣬Īʮֻ
ԶʹϾ¥ջһǴ¥ȥҵƹ񣬱׾رˡйӡҪڴݳͼȴԷƾܡ
ƹӭæҪûʾԼδйӡţҴ¥һµݳȫˣڲѰ𴦡
Ӵ¥˪˵ӣŵĻȫûӰͷɥǰţһƬհס
Ұ̫ӦȻվտǴ˽ʼЩٶۡԽԽⷽЩԱö֮͸ԸİˡЩڳǶۣῴԼ
ΪйӡѰݳ֮һԼҲӱܣ˶ôãҪеԼΣٲϴҺȡ
뵽ְظԼȥһҵ˵ǣСľʹԶʹľ¥׺¥ǰȴû⡣
߳ȥԶŮӺȵ
һ⶯жϳǴԱС﷢ģȾͳ˹ȥֻİУӰһ𣬱ǸӦþǷźȵŮӡ
ţһ/ЦŵСӣаԽԽô
һһŮӵһֽǽϣɹģСүͿˣò׽˿գɵúúܣ
ס֣鷽ųűԷûеһʱϳ壬ǽͷҹɫǱеǸ۲쵽ⲻСå֮ûΣֱӴǽ
˻öһʤ㣬һӵϣ˭֪ŹУ㱻ŵڵأƨˡ
ŮӶڽɪɪһֱ鲻ùȥվһ֮⣬˸Ҿ֪Σ˵ز˾ŵù£һ뿪Ӱɡǰߣںߣ
ŮԥƬ̲ŵлӡ
鱾Щģʱײô˵˿ǰȥ
߳һξ룬ͷһ£Ӱɿ⣬жҲͣġ
Զʹϸſڶеټʱ·ԣࡣ
߳СתҲûֱǹݣֻǹ˸Ҿ·ˣЩؼҰɣ·϶עⰲȫ¸ǡ
˭֪͵תҪ֮ʱԷȴͻȻˣ㣿ҡϵ㣡


102 
̧ͷ, Զվŵһλͤͤò毺õŮԼͣȷʵЩ졣
˼һŮһֱָ꣬Ͻͷǲϴˣ
Ůǰ, ŵһ΢΢, ʱЩš
ûϴŮƶ, һ˿Ц⣬ϴڡȸ¥, ҲСĳײйӣҲǶҳͷ
ô˵ʱ, Сʵǡ£
Цŵͷǰ˼վǰϻбĺ, Ҽ
֮⣬黹δŮӰôŵ֫Ӳ, ڨڨ˼ɵЩͣ桢ǡҡһᡣ
ϧϴûüʶ, Һźһӡ¿ִٵӣ̲ס͵ЦҺԵ, ٴֱһء
֣ɱô˵, ϴִֻԣҲ㲻ʲô, Ҷֱ֡Ťġ
жҸγƺӣ
ŷӦԱţ㹰ֵҽ飬ëŵ顣
¡ҳʱõıأ𡣡˵˶٣ǿˮ꣬һҲëꡣ
Цӯӯǰһ䣬ٺˣϾǴͥڣֻקһ±֡
ҲҶͶƵԭأԴ۾֪δֻöӳڵϵӰӣͰ͵㡭ҡҵľͺܡͨ
󷽵ͽɣҲƶΪ磬Σ
תһ硱еͷƤһ飬Ҳ֪ǲ֮ǰȵľⷢﾹȻҲŲ
ڳУСģֻߺȵķݶȻôƯĹΪ磬ԷǼжƺҵһǰδеţȻţҲȸԾͷáǡ㷽ûˣ
ЦЦûУġ
㡢㲻ɸǸǸ񳾷ѧôô˹ӹλɻ
˵¶֮ɫʲߣҲǧ󣬲񳾷Ϊͽϴγײй֮󣬱ǵСʦǰݺݸһ״˵ҡ˵ҡ
ŴԼйأʱˣ¶ҲйӸûϣС˵ʲô
ей޹أʾãû˱֮ģô£ʦǰͼӴף˵ǹײйӣҪȡۣʸ֦
š˵˵鿰ѡƨ˻ȥŭôʸ֦йӲ񳾷磬Ǳ˼Ǿ͸ˣйֲϲ֮ǲܣʦȻˣ
ЦҡҡͷʦҲǿ֮ģз֮⣬»ͷ߶ѡһɱıˣȥùǰ˲žۼһĻᣬ㵽ˡ
ȻߣҲ֪޿κΣ״ڴ˵ҵ֮ô
ԣϸЦ⣬ָָǾ¥ã˲ã׺¥Ѱ˸ĻᣬڲԶ޵һСԺǸճɾˣҺöŶ㼰ʱϵ
˿Ǳá
·ϡ٣ֵȥɣҹһŮӶ̫ȫˡ
л磬ҼҾǰߡӵشһЦϥ˸ߵߣУΪĪйҲˣϴһλСӣ˵ٵСүô
ͷŵ˵СүδͬУйȷʵˣҪڹݣΪݳأ˭֪˴ûҼүţȥǴ¥˺һ䡣
ͻȻͣס˽ţǴ£ܹæ׺¥ƹȽ죬ԴΪ
⡭ô
ʲôġЦЦץסתߣ͵һһˡ

ƺ׿Ӧûô̽ԱңϹȥʱԶ·иСҪ̯һۣС
ûɲ죬ƺǰû˵׹ٻǽ۸һЦСʵλϸ磬¶֪㲻㣿
һ˵һ˼СƳ£СǮۿЦ۾䣺㣬ʲô
ǰǲסŸԱ⣿ҵ¶֪ô
Сһ¶ɫҪ˵ˣҿ֪ܲҰ̯·ؾ֮أǼС˼ҶԺʲôĻ̯ϳԷ︮¶
׿ӦһվŲδ˵ۻ˵¶ڣСһı飬±㻳˻Ƿ׼
ƺǲΪ⣬ҾӴҿҶˣʵ¶󣬾ĸһǰЩӵѰƣ˵һƬĸ¥õġ֮ǰ˼˵ԱҹӽʶҪ̧︮£ûѶ
СһЩζδƺĻƺװ죬˵
ĸЩģҺֵѰҵõľ¥ʹˣƹ˵ұǰѾ˹ʲô֦ˡ֦ǲǾԱңǾ͹
ƺֳһʵͽûӣ˵˼︮ŴԺҲˣȥŷ˼ҺֲÿģԾڸ֪ϸûмܣ
ܳʲôСζʣͣǷΣ
ƺװһ㶣˿׿ӦУ⡭
׿ӦҲϵãӡ
Сָָ׿ӦУ´ô˵ɣܣλֵܱ˭û߰˷ֵò
ƺεЦЦòҲֻǴСһ𳤴󣬾Ϳ̫ˡôѵ˶òҪܸѵУ
ߣǹȻˣصĶ֪үϲС˵־ô˵ƺ̫ʣ漴˿ڣ֮ܵ۵ģضòϼѡˣʲô
ŶȽŲ̫ãЩˡƺæʵǻЩģ˻Ҫ˽ŵȥôưɡ
С¶ĵɫЩź˵¶ò·
ƺ׿Ӧָ֪ʲôװɻ
ˣ˵Ҳ⼸ȷʵû˽ŵ˴ҳ룬ơСƺļһͬ飬Щ£̫棬Ҳѻʯ͵Ѱ˺ˣ˸֦ɡ
ƺ¶صͷллϸ硣
СѾʰõƳ׼Ҫߣ֮͡
ƺ׷˹ȥʵˣʱмǱ߳Է˼䣬˵ʮ컹﹫˵֪ϸûӡǷи˽ŵĸ﹫ӻ
ˣСƳ£ƶӡΪ﹫һ·ֻʲô˸Ǽˡ߸ֻС˺ͼԺûˣû˽ŵˡ
﹫ӻظ֮󣬿ٳ
ûУ︮磬ͷ˶ˣ֪үҲ﹫ڼкˣûٳšСƺ˿˵ȥ˱𴦣ٴɡ


103 ︮
Сȥ֮, ׿Ӧвŵǵ˵﹫ȥ°ƽҰڿ, Ӧò, ¶Һ޹ϵ
, СĻ֤ǵĲ²⡣ƺ˼
ǻȥ︮ô
ƺԶ︮Ĵһۣǵÿ, ֪︮ϰʲô£УƽҰôƾ仰﹫ӡ
׿ӦһҲ¶ף
Ҳʲô˼ͷôô˵ƺ糿԰ʱ׿ӦǸµģ, 뿪ЦʣһҴţ
ֻǴ⣬ûнۣαظաҪȻ˵ġ׿Ӧֱ׳
ƺ۽, ˣ׿Ӧе¶
ȻθͰһӡ
䣬˱ӿŲ, ȥ︮ţӺԺǱ˽ȥ
︮ʮְ, ԺֻʯľдУסʵ¹⡣
ƺ׿ӦϢ, ӰУܿ㽫ԺѲһ, 俴ûзֿܡū͵С, ǱǰԺѰȥ
ԺȽϴ֮ǰǸԺ£ͨ˼ңԺϡɣˮƽƺˣʽĲ࣬ȫ
ʵҲˣ֮ܿѱ︮ûκη֣ЩģƺѰ˼Ÿð˭ʻȽϺʣͿ﹫Ӻ˾ƣҡҡλδƺҪԼСԺȥ
СԱսսظţҪүŵ㣬ǧˤˣ
﹫ԲְСƵһߣҡûȶ࣬ܣ
С˱һԶһ£Ͻ׷ȥ
ƺ׿ӦЌһۣʮĬػһͷ﹫ӽСԺԷǿƬ۲졣
С˽﹫ź˴ŵعغȥƺ˲Ŵӷ£ڷſڡ
׿Ӧű߰ѷ磬ƺݣһ﹫Ӻ󾱣Σߡ
﹫Ǳѵġ
۾ͷԼֻһ㣬һô£ϰӰϣԱиһƬҶһߣɦĽġ
﹫͵һȣ˴룬ִ󺰣˭
һߺһͼƤֲڵӺĦۣۿǰǸӰվ𣬰¹⵲סֻһߴļӰһʱ﹫ӿ־սʤʹУȼһȣҺ建˳
ιӵƺȻŲҲ鲻Խס˱ӣ˵ҳ¶ˣǻʣµģã϶һȫͺࡣ
ˣδ˳ġ
׿ӦҲ棬һ˹ӣŻҲװ
﹫û뵽һɴۿ˫ȼн߶µʣǡ˭Ҫʲô
㡣ƺĵûô
⻰﹫Ӿһ
׿Ӧп⸱ģ֪ʲô߰ĶʱĵòУߴƺлʣ˶࿴һ۶ġ
ƺৡس﹫ȼ䣺㻰ʲô˵ʲôҾͲΪ㣬ҪҳɣҾ͡ߺߣ
һ˵ţһõǴỮһ㶼δƣȴ﹫˵Ǻ˵˵ʲôҶ˵
㣬ǹƽҰǲߵģƺֱ롣
﹫ӻŵʧ䣺˭
׿Ӧб˫ۣԱ߲һ䣺԰Ǹȳӡ
ǣң﹫Դҡ˹ģйڲ٣¶޹أ
ƺõ˵
﹫ŵöʱҶ˵ģͱ˷ʱˣ
׿Ӧǰһɵ֪ˣ
֪֪﹫ͷʮмܣԽԽתͷ˻ؼҺúýѵ˭֪׷ȥʱÿס콫ˣ
ƺɫһݣʲôˣǵòûԵ
ǵãҲͨ˴磬ҿ˲Ʋ磬¸Լǻʹ˸Ͻˡ﹫Ӽƺ׿Ӧ죬̽˾䣬λȳʲôϵ
׿Ӧгϸʲô𱨲ˣֻˣ
﹫̴Уƾʲô
ƺĵһᣬĲӣƾѵ
ʲô֪﹫ίֱ˵Ҹȳ£û棬Ȼʲôʡ͵ĵƣô࣬϶¶ѹ֡ѹҸˣвҡ
׿ӦвţҴҵһѧͯɵвʲô
˵Ҳ֣ǽҼ겻ԭúõ⣬ҵ˺ü£Ĵүү̣˺öǮŰջû죬мȳӣͯ
˵ǣ﹫΢΢¶һ˿̰ƺһ˹ȥʲôأ˵
﹫Ӹæͷ˵˵ȳӶǼǺ˵ͯһȣһ͌䳰ȷŸ˼䣬һٽ˭֪˵ʿɶֹ㵱ʲô¶ûҪŪҪôŪɾҪŪѰɵָʹʱҼ¾Ͳֹһǧô򵥡
ȳȻӼҌ˽⣬ԭҲȷʵ˵԰үŮ۸ʲô٣һʱ䱻ȳӻסˣҼƽͷգɲ֮˹ȥԾͷȹһһعζ˳ƭ˵ģͷͷȥ׷ȻͿ˰ˡ
ƺһ˵һ˼мϣ͹ƽҰ˭¶
﹫̵Ȼͷܶȣջع죬ѺĹԺˣҾͳԲѷҼǶвԱУⱨӦ˵˭̣
⵽׳ʲô⣿׿Ӧǰһɢζ˻ȥ
﹫Ӵͷɥ漸ǮׯһЩӣعٸ׷飬ЩûҼҸ塪ʲôǲҪ顭
û˵꣬ƺһưˣͦࡣ
׿Ӧժסڱǣô㻹Ҫȥô
ˡƺ䣬﹫Ȳ˴ãȻǿȲ䲼ͳ̿ৡڲд֡
дʲôأ׿Ӧк档
ƺһдһ߶Ա⣬ģҲˣôĶ˵ɱƽ񣬵ҲܾôŹ
˵գŲ׿Ӧչʾôɣ
׿Ӧпһۣ͡͡һЦ˳ֻǲдšагҪұдšʵڿɺޡ
̰硣Ц
ƺѲ﹫ߵһһ񸱌£Ì̹ô˼ﵽˡ
˲̿﹫ؿд֡åȻȤؼϻ˼ֻڹ꣬˵׿ӦߣƷЦüɫ裬̿ʵݸ׿ӦУ㻭
׿ӦҡͷҲ߰ɣѬˡ
ߡƺ﹫һǰۣǱˣ
Ѹ뿪˵أ㷵ؿջѾûֻиִ߽ʱѾ졣
߱ڣų̺ܿ죬ԶʹһСʱŴǽͷ׼߻ȥ˭֪û㿴ĸӰڣƣ߲ƣ
лҪ˵
лСɰ20ƿӪҺ~һٽ~
ϴλСҹ¹⡱Сɰ40ƿӪҺһֱ+ӪҺҵĿɰһлϹ
ԭѡһлĪʾһ¸лţҷӪҺʱһ˾Ͳдˣֻøĵһ£ϣܿ~ԺеĻҲһ¸лٵ~
ллÿһղصǣôô~
ĵľڽûǩԼĵʵ̫˾ùµҲʱʱҪ뷨ʱỳԼʲôÿСɰĳֶҾůһкܶдҲᾡȥдлл˵֧~


104 ӭ
ƺǰ, ৡس嵶ЦֵܶҹúܣҶû
׿ӦƺҲѾ, ż֮͡
˻ƽ, ¹ӳΪ˵, һİס
ɫ𺣬ǹһƼЦҵŶб, 
ڲʵڲƺ֪ڴ˵Ⱥ, кιɣ
˱ŵߵƺǰΪȻһˡϣұ, 翹ǾͱҲˡ
׿ӦһôĿ
λСֵܣŵ޹, Ȱ㻹Ǳ¡˰
޹أƺйء׿ӦкϾ, ¶ҹܶˡ
ƺŤͷ¹׿ӦаһСһ֡ҵı˭ļ, ϲʤ
׿ӦеֱƫͷڶԷߵսپ, 
׿Ӧһͷš
ƺǲ֮ʵ֪λֵܸմǺˣ
֮˺α֪ôࣿƽհˡЦЦ, ǾƲȺȷƣ
δ䣬ѾӵҲ֮¹ӳһƬ⡣
ƺ׿ӦͷͻϮ˿̩Ȼӭս˽һжûУҲԳԷǳ
ͷ˹򲻴ƺƾУʣˮƽϡƽ׿Ӧб㽣Ⱥ֮Ժ֮ܿռϷ磬ɱֻм֮û˻֮
ֻ֣׿ӦۿƺͷǸ£֧Գ㲻ٸǰ˶ȻḶ́˷׿Ӧзֱͱ˴ȣʱز
׿Ӧе˿գתͷȥƺ
ƺڳͷĶԴ򣬵ʱࡣʵ൱Ҳ鷳þôܾѴˡ
Ҳͬ뷨ƺɱУˡƹƹҡһͨսȻ
ֵܹ򲻴֪ʦӺδƺ־սϻ󷨣ͼҶԷƽԩ޳ûҪڴƴɣһΣ
˶ƺһ֪ҽ㣬ûң㣬ô
ҵȻˣ߽ѺùˡҿӾûʲôģֺαضƴӣ
Էٲ˿ҲûϻţǼӿ˳ٶȣۡһ죬ƺƵǽ¡
ƺ𣬽ŵǽһͷȥ˷ӦѸ٣ת񵲣ƺĵ˳ŶԷСһһʱеɡ
˲ģ˳ֳצƺͷɴ˿Ѿȫʧƺҳһɶ㿪һץ
ʧָϣƺسȭƺһ䣬㽫ұ۽ס˳ƽеľ䡣
𶯣ٶҾͲˣƺǽס
׿Ӧд˿Ҳһ˴Σ첽ֽܹԣͷˣС
˶ƺɫ侲ɱɱָܴʳʲô
˵һδءƺŤͷ׿Ӧеú˯һ
׿Ӧл⣬䲼ȡһСƿһҩȻס˵°ͣҩ˽ȥ
˿ƺһְۣɣ㲻֪Լʲô˶Կܲ𣡡
ƺ˵Ͳ͸·ˡ
㡭һᡭڡ˷˵仰һ˹ȥƺɿ֣˳ǽڵء
׿Ӧͱȵ⸱龰ŵֱ£һ˹ڵϳƺ֣ͣúúʲô֪
ģҪǵƺߵߣ˯һͺˣ
˵գһ˺󾱣Ρ
׿Ӧпŵĸˣô
Ϲءƺ·
æ˺һ˼һ飬ûκδҲûէһǼ˿Ͷѡ
Ҫȥͷô׿ӦʱʶϸʱҾǲǶˡ
ȷʵǣǣҲûͷڵʸ񡣡ƺһԣˣζαװǴСģһ־ͻ¶ڣ⼸Ǵ׹򣬲Ƕˡ˵Ҳ׵ĺ͵С˼ϸᱻִİɱ̫˷ˡ
׿Ӧжְű˴·ǶˣǱӦĳֹǵġ֮ǰĲ²ⲻҲֻʹɱˡ
ɱ֣ĳҽҲƺ𷽲ͷεǰ˵ĻأЦڵǺ棬ǸҺڡҳܲĺʲô
׿Ӧ̧ͷʲôһԡ
ƺ۽ǣھܣҲֵġ
˽·ãһߣæȥ
֪Լʲôʱ˶ϣƺ׿Ӧжͬգûлҿջ˳·ȥӣǼ䣬ȥջ
ڴ˯㣬ſˮһɵƺ׿ӦдӴû֪
ƺ״һߵǰͻȻֽסһ첲˿̲žѣҪƺ˳ƽ˸ץһֱֻ۱𵽱ϥѹĺġ
龪ִУ˭
˲ûг߻и˷һƺڴʲô
ҹﾹȻˣ񣬡ꡱɱ˰󺹾һ˿ɶ
ͻ磿磡ǵ˭ôˣ
ͻȻͷŤͷȥǴվ˸ϤӰȻ侹ֽٺĸо
ſǻи磬ʲôϷŪңѹҵǲǺ磿磬㣬ɿҰɣ֪ˣ
׿ӦεؿҲÿȰԼ˶⺢Ӿ̫ˣʵøһΡ
ƺû֣ʹһѹĶˣ
ҡҲ˯ôҲ鱻ѹúѣǵͨ졣
أ
УСԣҲò˯̫ˡ󣬡ſҰɺ磬ġĴˡ
ƺüͷ壬Ť֣۵顰໡иͣ
ϴϲȫǰĶͷˣôⳤӣƺŭû͸˯ôſ嶼裬ĵͦ󰡣סˣ취ѣʶԷ㵱˶һɵɱʱԱţ㵶أأ˰ԶϵϮʲô˴򣿣ûѧ𣿣


105 
׿ӦԱ߿, Щ̣Ҳǵһμƺ涯˸λҲǰ֮֮Уʲô, ƺ, Ҳ
鱻ƺһҭ˵, ͷϣ, 㡢ŪҰɣûˡ
ƺ⸱ģ֪ԼҲû, ɿ֣˵¡
׿Ӧмʱһ裺ȵˮ
һµӴƺǰ, £Ѻһãͷɥ, ֪ˣҰ, һס
ƺ̧ž˹ȥƨԼŪԱ׸в˵
鱻ߵǰһ⻰ڨڨ·, սսƺԱߡ
ӵת˼Ȧƺ׿Ӧĺۼ, 磬и, Ǹ˽ˣ
׿ӦмƺǿѹŭԸڣŻʱ˶ˣ絣ΣգŹ
˭ǵģ𣿡һͼˣ롱վʹүǱȥû£ڶû᲻Σˣ
׿Ӧаǹߵˣһֱ׷ĳңǱȥˣް硭
һʱҲòǷ£㿴ƺƺӦòѲΪ²űסʱС̯ǻϰɡ
˿ű㷴ӦƺΪʲôôƢԭǵԼھΣ֪ôǸźã˲ƺˮ
磬֪ˣ´Σˡ²˵
ƺƳһۣ촽˶ƺһ˵Ļ˵ֿסˣֻɤӣĳЩ֪͸ģЩ˾ûа취ȣҺΪ֮
ͷСףֺõЦЦҼסˣٷ˺磬иϢݳѾҺˣڲ׺¥
׺¥ͦɵģƹ̸ˣƺɫ΢תһЩûҪôĳأֻҪܰѡйӡݳϢɢȥɣû뵽龹ҵ׺¥
ţ̸ˣʱ̸׿ӦɫЩã͵и磬׺¥ȻȲɵȸ¥Ҳһľ¥Ҵȥ֪ˡ
׿ӦеͷûϵʱݳС
磬ʱ񱻵ѨƵģ˶ˡ˵ܲܲԼȥƺԾҲҿڡ
¶òгƺ÷ŷƢЩ̫ø壬һ䣬ʣ㶼ô˵ģ
ͻȻ飬û𣬴ͷܿƺ񣺡͡͸˼ĥӲ£ִţҲǹ߻û˱ݹ裬ƹľʣ˿ͣʹӦˡ
ƺ룬ͷ⵹Ҳǡ
ҹûлҿջϽһҹҲûЩĽ
ڶ죬ƺȥǵȥסﲻڵʱ򣬴绹տһɵӡ
׿Ӧлסҿջϸϸѿͷһ飬ûзֱֵĺۼԷġ
ٺ֮ƺȥתһתȥѰټ׿Ӧ鵽׺¥ȥƹ̸ݳʱ䡣
մѾ̶ʱȽϺʣ˲׺¥ƹһģ֪ȷʵҲǱȽϺʱΣѾ˹˵ˣҺܶʳͶĽһţһ˵飬óȻˣ˵ˣʳ͡
ƹļ׿ӦУò϶йӣöԷȻ󣬵ȷʵòţ˵һս׺¥ǲ鱦أΪ˽Ͻ飬ҲҵӾʱΣ
ݳϣû˵˭ģʵڲףԶԼˡйӡĸ࣬û׿Ӧпڣȷ飬Ҳ̫ʧǹӵˣ
׿ӦгʱȷʵʣʱУƵʱ٣ʱ֣ڹյĹ۲죬ʱ϶ûʲôˣ¥֣ҲδֵĶȥ
ȲֶûϵɫĻҹɫڣǸߵ˹ȵ㡣
ҪΪŶֲҪʲôá
ƹļΪ⣬ЦǡȻʱȻ÷ʱ䣬Ҳ˹ܼо͹ӵıݡ
鲻õǷжˣⲻǺҼҹô
ʱΣ˵ʱʼֻһʱԱһŮ
׿ӦлͷһλŮǰߵǰϥ˸񣺡йӡ
Աڵغˡ
ƹĳŮЦЦ£ô磿
׿Ӧܾе죬ƹƺΪ¡͸Ƕ죬ʵЩƣǷ
һ飬Ц
˵и磬ǵϴǸȥȸ¥ôߵʱһλͷλ¡
׿Ӧԭˡ
¶ǵ٩ϲ¡ղδἰŮӣڼߵͨģΪ
˿̵Ľ£ģҲĽ֮⣬֮ƺƣΧ˷׷⡣
Īأ׿Ӧбܵؾýε꣬ʮѰζ
ԭλʶѹֽ¿ϰʱóƹЦǺǵ˵йǾúʣͶʱɡ
׿Ӧг¹֣ʱ¥ʢøǣضӰ»Ǿлˡ
С԰ҲǸûվȽŸأΪǶ㡣
޷ġЦӯӯ˵йӲǳפݣ˷纮ɤЩЩƹĸ٣Ҷǻпյ罫ʱøӡ
׿Ӧˣ룺硯ˡ
ûп򣿡⣬ǡʶһλҽҪҪ㿴
ЦûϵϢձˡ磬ãʶҽˣ
ʶԼ˵е࣬ϽҲͬеġ
ȿȡ׿Ӧһɤӣ˽̸ˣǼ˱ˣúɣҩѺ
ãӱôһۣҵľˣΪЩӦġ
ˣ׿ӦζЦЦ飬òҪ˼ɣ


106 ˼
ƹʱ, ҪȥмݳõѺͽ˱ûж֮ͣ뿪˲׺¥
·ϣ׿Ӧдǰ, ͷںͷ, Ǳ˪˵, ᲻
ôһСΣ׿Ӧͣ˽, תͷ飬ʶԼ˺ȣ߼, Щ겻ᡣ
飬أ׿ӦдȤ
鴹Դи磬һˣҲ仵ˡ
ţĶˣ
šôܸЦ, ˼ҺôǸ
׿ӦЦһЩ¶㲻˵˵ԶҲ, ȻҪһѡ
Һû¶ͺˡĶֺֻƼˮ, ܵġ
ܲܣ˵ϲϲɡ
׿Ӧбûô࣬ΪŲ, ֲʡ
תһ룬Ҹƺ˵, ղû£ȻԼ, º󻼡
죬Ӻף˼˵ôõĹôܲϲ
ʶã֪ˣ׿Ӧа뿪Ц˵ôˣ±ƭ
ܣôƭңʲôɱƭģܲ⣬׿ӦУи磬ֲ۸ô˵ߣȻйߺʲôĳĳڰжţҲܻɳӽӽǣֻһŮӣ˳ʲôᣬɣǲ̫ľԱˣ
׿ӦмӦôǿңɵֻǲ¡
֪羯ԸߣӦõģҲ׽ɹԼƽ¡˵ˣôҲǳź󱸾ܲܶЩΣѵҲֱ˻ǻ𣿡ǿѹŭ
ڲزס£еʧ䶼ϣ׿Ӧҹ¸һЩӰ˿̲ά𣬶άһص
ԭһ޼䣬໥֮Ҳûʲôҹ֮£Ƿ֮ǰκһʱ̣鶼ôִƫƫˣ겻ϲĹǰ±ޱںĶѶ˵˲Σıܴ
׿Ӧоʱ̣Ҳƴ֤Լ±ӣ֪ɵķʽ£ֻԽԽ档
粻ǲ㣬ģҲ֪һ·жգԼα㡣׿Ӧع£зִ磬ֻǸ㿪Цȥ
鷽žĶƣ˷׼ô˵ʱϢˡ
ŵؿ׿ӦУң
׿ӦЦ˭ع˵־һأʲô£ҽ
㣬Ҳûʲô£ֻżȻ
˵ԼӢ۾Ȼǫ飬ǵ⣬Ͳӵذľ׿Ӧ˵һ顣
׿Ӧ˳׷ദһЩϸڣԼһЩжϣȥƺú¶
֮׿Ӧҹ﹫ӿʳĻȥᵽĵ̣ѯһ¹ƽҰ﹫ִľ޾ϸ꣬ȥۼӡ
ǴõļңתתһΪѡһѿݵȰЩ飬ɫҴظϡ
ԼõС̯ƺ˻δ֣׿Ӧ߲ЩģǵضûעĿתؿ
и磬һϲ磬԰ɣ
׿ӦһͻȻЩ̣ôô˵
Ҳ֪ϲһˣ۾ǲزסġ鿴Ľ˵һֱڿʲôʱ֣ˮ˲Ϻȡ
ΪҲʡ׿Ӧá
Ϲ˵ʾţһ죬Ҷʵÿͷˣܲʣ
׿Ӧ촽Զԡ
ԣ֮ǰ˵ʲôЩҲ˵Ҳ˵һѡǿҲҡкøô˿͸˵ӣȴĿƵؿ׿ӦУƺĴ𰸺ڴ
׿ӦУ
ôɵӽͣʵһ京̽Цأ
׿Ӧгĵ׷ʣи磬˵
Լĸоأ׿ӦЦЦʵ
ҾáӦôһɡ鴹˼˵
׿ӦпŵʶŲ豭ЦͶϣΣ
ʵʵҺҲδûܡ豭һڣߵز׿Ӧжӣĸ˫һƯҼҲûǣңΪү˳ұȢΪޡ
ԽԽСƺЩ㣬͸ϣȴ˸ж
׿ӦдЦѹһ㶼ĲɣԭЩǲӽʲôˣ
ŵغˮôʣ͡һˮûԼǺȿȿȡԸͣ
׿Ӧм״ЦĴĺ󱳣㱻˵£Ҳųɣ
˭˭ˣҡҾǲСġǳɫֱ֡
ȸ趼ǺţԷСıԼҭƺӲԶߣ㿴Ǻˮҹ֮ûȫڿɵӾġ
׿Ӧм۾ЦЦϢô
ûСƺ£ɫЩ֪ʲô£ѰһҲûټ
ǰͽƺǰο繦ôãµġ
ƺӹ׿ӦеĲ裬һüһƳɫǴǰҲôġСӣͬͬ˯ûоǰʲôͬ
ͻȻһۣһ
ûаٴƵطǳ룬ͦģ˵Ĳָͬķ棿
ƺصһۣҲʡ
׿Ӧ˼ǵĶδȬô
ţǱɽģɴС˵ʵƺֺȹһ裬ǿڿʣʹүֻ˵Լֿﵽʲôӱ濴Ѿˣû⣬Ӧþ
˵ⲻͽˣͱϹˣϴһˣԼչԼ
ƺ֪ôȱ۵ĺӽֹͣɴʲôû˵ϲֹ˺ü衣
ҾӦûдˣֻǲ̫Ƿָܻǰ׿Ӧмͷ󺹣ͳӰȥҲǿʤˣضᷲУӲŵġ
ԸɣֻҪܰȫͺáƺ̾˿
Ա˸ɫ۵ˣڸϰЦӯӯӭȥ͡
ʦүϼ
˵ͷ͡
һʦүضٸǣƺҲͲ£ñȥʲô
ʵ˵ʲôأЦôġ
׿Ӧп飬֮ɫҲõ𴩣ûʲô̸Цˡ
ƺĿ׿ӦзĽϣô˰ѽ
ŶԭǰѽЩĥ𣬷ҲˣǡҴȥ򽣣Ѱ˸æ޸ҪЩʱղȥȡһͨš׿Ӧĵ
ƺذγԼֱߵĵҲ뻻أҹ˽֣ŷֿȱС
׿Ӧƫͷһۣⲻôټգȥȡʱ˳µġ
˼䣬Ҳˣɫƺ΢΢ҡҡͷƺ֪ҲûջиӲ
һʱѾˣٵˡǷͷȥҡ
±Աλʦүİţƺʾ뿪С̯ȥ
˴Ҵû߼˴˿ڣżɫ˱䣬ûѭȥǸ˿
׿Ӧпƺʣǣ
ƺչ۴ϣС硣
ǰ·м䣬ںͷ⡰һֳԱߵСߵͣ
׿ӦѾŲͷ㿴Ǹλʦү߽ӡ
˷ﰫ˼֣һȦݹãòԿɸģ߰Ҳܸĵô
˵˾䡰ȥѷ硱ϷܣԱһô֦ҶС
鲻ŵؿŶʦү̽ʣô
Ƕϲҵǳɹġʦүڣ֮ǰС̯˵ʱƵԲͬŰȻЦ⣬


107 ϷŪ
ס, ׿ӦҲסˡ
ǰֻݵģǼѱϣû뵽ڰɱˣܶ治ʶ
粻Цû˵Ĺ, ǰ˭
û´Ļ, ɸõĹʦү, Ϊ˲ʧٵİӣƺȥһȭҲ֪Ǻ, Ǻġ
죺һѣڵĳ
ҹиϮˣĳҳ, ûʲô¶ɣ
ǵûУչ۲˰ǹʦүоֹӣӦòᱻ˶ϡ￴ƺ, ˵ͽһֱڲĸİֽ, ȷʵЩʧٵİӣĿǰѾ𡣡
׿Ӧһ, ѹûٸע⡣
ʧٰأƺʵûģ֮ģ
˵ͷУʧٰ, ǷǮ, еµģݰ, ⼸˶ѺУڰ굽һ겻ȣЩ˶һͬ㡪
ƺЦһǲǶǼ߳ΪһЩԭȾ˶߱Ͼծ֮ǳʲô£⣿
ȷˡӻͳֽݸƺǵסǿȥ̽
ƺɨһۣݸ׿ӦУ綼شչ
ֵմԼܽ꣬Ѱȥ⼸ˣǷ˵ˣʱʼ참Ĳ죬û
ãӦϣϣܾҵƺؿһۣһҪעⰲȫ
Цġ
׿Ӧб㽫׺¥ƹݳʱ֪ңһֱСƵؿͰ͵ؿû֣⺢˿Ų֪뵽ʲô¶һЩ˼еɬǷЦݡ
׿Ӧ̾˿Խ¶
վͿݳһ⵹Ǻ£Ҳ׷٣ô죬ûʱϰô
УĲУ仰أƺ磬ҽԣøˤƵģѿˣи硣ֻһҲͰˣһߵ˹ְѹˣǲ׺¥ƹ񶨲ˣҲѣΪж룡
׿ӦУ
Ϊж룬ǲǰ
ˣɡ׿ӦмƺƺҪ𣬱˹˵ҲԣηŶδһУ˳ӣҲѰ´λᡣ
ƺ飬رĿ⡣
쵽֮䲻̫ԾԲ⽣˵㣬Ҷ˵Ѹ֣ҪȻҲɣλఢаɡ
׿Ӧæ޷̸ࡣ
鶼ŵò࣬˱ȥ
ƺ׿Ӧлҿջѿͷһ飬ûз쳣׿ӦбеС׼ԡͰȣһ󺹣ϴһҲЩ
Ϊ˰ȫԡƺԡͰ׿Ӧб㽫
ƺţ¶Цһ仰ǣ˿϶⣬⻹˵ôҲôİɣȻ¡
ȷʵɺϡ׿Ӧн˵ýжϡ
ԭûôɣԴӱβڲּ֮ʶĳסĳҺ͹ߵĸֶΣҲøƺһܻ뼸㡣
ǵ͵˼ưƺԡͰߣͷּۣԳãһ۾ܿƫһңҲȴ֡
׿ӦԡͰ⣬⿪쵽⣬ƺͷⷦıŪþͻǷĿһֳĻɣ鷴ӦرǿңҲҶ˵ˡҲ¶ȰԹ۲ɡ
ôסôƺЦ
飬˵ҸᣬҪǼǸӣ˭֮еʲô׿ӦСģҲΣ⺢ӣҲǵһζ˶İɣ
ƺرۣ˵еû취ˣ˵У˵̯¶鷳ӶΣȥ˵Ļ
㵹о鰡
ǣϲҼҸǸƺо׿Ӧк֣ͣʶԼС˵ͺ죬ʱѻͷ¡
׿ӦЦЦҸڵ˭
ƺ
̫ͷ̫⣬һʱ˾裡
û˭һͨˡƺһԵԡѸٴϴţͼӱ⡣
׿ӦſԡͰϣĿƵ
ƨƺԽϴԽȣ˵еͣ㡢ɱ밡
ʲôġ׿Ӧµ˵Ƕǹȥ¶ˡ
ƺЦݣǣٲ£˭ûȥ
׿ӦͻȻҾûС
ƺĪһ£С
磬ϲĵһˡ׿ӦˮԹؿҲһ㣬ﲻˡ
Ҳû˰ҸʲôϵûУ
ڻ
ƺܻؽͣ˾ҼھӣòһЩʵǡεˣȷԼϲӣǵ˼һ󣬺֪ǸǶ飬ֻ˼ˣʲôǲˣ
Σ׿Ӧգգ۾̽ʣΣ
ƺֱ׳Ҳɣѵûô
׿Ӧһģͷڰϣǰûй֮żμ㡣
ƺƵ̾˿Ȿûʲô׿Ӧô˵޶˾ԼǸḻ˵ӣ̣˼һŸɾֽƵġ
У㡭ҡ
˰û˵ȴ׿ӦſԡͰ粻ͣǱЦﵽ˼¡
ֱС׽Ūˣ
ƺһҧгݣУô˼ô
׿Ӧ̧ͷЦͨ죬ŷɫҲ̫ƭˣ
Сӣˣ
ƺջˮ׿Ӧȥ׿ӦܲһͷһˮưոݣҲˮ˹ȥ
˴һС׿Ӧʶԣ֣ͣ㱾裬ôֶҳԿ㿴ͷ·ʪ͸ˣ
ƺ󣺡ϷŪң
׿ӦһɾĲͷǰ޵ͷʪˣһճźߣһС͸죬һˮܽأ۾ˮԺˮ촽΢ţᴭϢš
ƺ۶ֱˣȻԡͰˮѾˣȴøȡ
ϷŪ磬㻹ҡ׿ӦԹҳôˣ˵ֻ˼ҡҲǶʼɵġ
ʼʲôƺȥ°ͣľµüۣϲ㣬ǲԼĴ׶Ҫԣţ
׿Ӧƺƽɫӣڻ΢ߵӳ£ԵںһֻСޣ˶ռ
ԡͰ΢΢ǰƺĴ
ƺͲò˿̿ס׿ӦеĺԣȲؼǣ޲ðϽԡͰԼС
籩һ㣬Ѹٻƺһֱѹֵֱ׿Ӧаļͷƾܣɿ֡
Ӵҵ׿ӦзһֱſԡͰϱߣ˿Щʹ΢΢վֱ壬ȥࡣ
ƺǿϸ۾Ǻģ̿ˮ
׿Ӧע⵽״ĿԡͰһۣ¶Цݣ󹦸ɣ
ƺûȣ
ȥţ磽Ⱑ׿ӦнسգգۣתѸܳȥ
㡭ҵţƺߵһԡͰ
˰Լߴõģ̫ˣ
̫ˣ


108 ¶
ԼһյĹ, ׿ӦвŻƺѾ·СͰϴˮ׿Ӧԡ, Լ㵽ſڸѷ硣
˵ľǲ֮֮, ƺﴫˮ, ߵ룬һ, ˾ܵĳС²
׿Ӧиоζе֣㷵ô壬ϴеСԡͰ, 㽫ƺ£ԼڶԷϣļϸ, Ҵˡ
ƺûֻһܱԷϷŪĴܸУһӢ, Ը˶ȴһԸͷ
תһ, ⲻǡ֤Լ۰ô
ϲһˣŻʲôѻ, Լϱĳ硣
Ǹ๫
뵽ǧԼߴ˼֡
ֻϱ๫ʲô, ׿Ӧǰᡣ
ײСֺãƺҲ붺һ, ǱĻ磬ֻҶˡ
֮ǰһֱС̯ûϳԷֻЩˮæ꣬ȷʵЩ
ȥŪԵġ׿Ӧе£ƺûһգʱЩʧ䡣
ܶ䣿
׿ӦΪֲԼ׽ŪĹʧȥ¥µƺԵļˣȥְ̨һ⽡
죬ĲʽҲˣûСˣԼ¥
ƺû뵽׿ӦһȥôãȵģóƽҰûдǱһ֦㡷
ⱾС˵˰ٵġǡһȷʵһ׵ķС˵д֮ģȤд󵨣ƺ֪ƽҰıʾȻôãһĻĻ龰дԾȻֽϣ˿˲
ƺϲôδɽ͹ƽҰùƽҰԼһġ
⺢ʮʱϲϸҵĹŮŮӱ꣬ûȹƽҰļѾ˱ˡ
ǵʱƽҰɥ˺һƺֺȰִȥ棬ָ
ѲЩ޲ãϲþתˣ
Ҳ˵дЩ仰һǶ䣬ٿԻǴڵģҹƽҰдôϸ£ƺܶӡ
ǹܣҲǰδģ˵ƽҰǸӣȻҲֻСͯĵ˼ѱƽҰв᷺
ĭпܲԽһеĸ顣
ƺĶ䣬δŮйøУ׿Ӧ֣䲻֪Լǲ䣬֮ǰҲûжŮǹⶼ˵ùȥƽҰ·ĵģƺǵһμ
ȥǰɸƷˡ
ƽҰ֪ԼǶ䣬ųҲȺ飬֪ҲѣϷ»С˵Ѿܶ࣬඼ǴͳŮ£ƫдЩȷʵҲ
ƺǡһ֦㡷ĳҳ㶣ָʶؾֽҳƫҳдڡ
ԵԼ˱Ƶģһðппѱ磡
ӦϽͼƽֽҳ˼£ҳǷ̵øʱŲ׿Ӧлˣһʱ鼱Ǳͷ棬װģù嵶
׿Ӧж̽һƺЦʵ磬ʲô¶ˣ
Ҳ㡣ƺйҲ֪ԷôģϽתƻ⣬ôȥôã
һ˵ţһ߰嵶£ǰĿķˣ㻹Ȳ˺˲
֮ǰԣλ¶һ֡׿Ӧа⽷ǰϲϲ
е͸ƮͻʢһԪ⽣ζ˱ǣ֪ǲǱѬ۾ƺͻȻӷۿȡ
ӡУ˰ûΪ³
飬ֲ֪˵ʲôã˿ôúȣһˡ
׿ӦпȦ죬룬ôô׸жҲ̫ȱ˰ɣǸС
ǵȻôɡ⣬ԾգƺƬ̵Ķݡ
׿Ӧע⵽˵黰ʱƺ̻¶ĵãԷʱʱ˵绰ǹ붺Լġ
ܹϵϣƺǵʮܵһֹеġϲصԸʱʵ̻¶Լ·һõĳӣǡô˸оİ⡣
ദʽãֳܵ˵Ĺģ׿ӦȴС
ƺϰ˲£ֻԼõһֳڲԹɫԶվڶԷĽǶȥ˼⣬·ǼߵĹԡ
׿ӦжϣԼǰܹһ㣬վ쳤ɵӣҲһһϦܹĹġ
Ҳգ
̫˼ڲ˾ͱˣƺԷ˳Զʱϰ߷ƣر㣬ӡʮֽ
ƺڴڳ⽣޲ڣУôã֮ǰǰЩǰŪ
׿ӦЦⰻȻƨ³ǱʦƳģ㱾ϲ
ҲһƺõҨһ⽣ι׿ӦпС
׿Ӧе˳˶Ĵϣע⵽ͷ¶ĲӵһǣʵϾͿӡˢǱǡƺûбᣬǱһǡһ֦㡷
԰֮ƺͰⱾ׿Ӧʵںýµ˻ᣬߵߣƺ
ȻϣⱾʮޣѹƺҪ
ǿۺۡѵ˾ĦһΣ
Ҫ
׿Ӧп࣬ѸٰдϷͼϵоŷֿ϶⡰Ц̸䡱롰̸ЦͬһˣǹƽҰ
ƺãͻȻ׿Ӧû˶ȥͿ׿Ӧڴߣǡһ֦㡷򿪵ۺ۵һҳʱһ£ĵ۵һ
ˣ֮ǰڴ˵ЩڰжȻӶ£
׿Ӧæ̧ͷƺֱؿԼѸжöԷӦñԼţеĻңŲӹصߡ
ƽҰ׿ӦиɰͰ͵˵Թ㷺
ƺһţһʹļ״׬ǮףƵúӶдֶˡ
׿Ӧʶָڲӷ滭Ȧ뵽ԼڹƽҰƺĲ룬л˵ء
ҲδذɡƺΥĵ˵ǰ˵ġ
׿Ӧ˵ƨΪݣοֵܣһҲ˵
ǻɽѵҪɣ
׿Ӧпλĳеȱ۵ĺ磬̾˿л֮䣬Ҳδȫܡ
ƺ׿Ӧв̫Ծ˵ʲô
˵׿ӦоⲶ׽Ӱ¶û˼㻻˻⣬ȥм˳һ£֤ʮƽҰ﹫ִȷʵƽҰͷ
ƺ
ҹ﹫ô˵ǲŵģƽҰǸ˳ĺӣر̣ҾӲΣǽ֮£Ŀǰܱ£ƽҰ¶
﹫ǵѾƺ֣ƽҰ﹫ӵìܼҪƽϢʱҶԷ鷳ʵ̫ˡ
ƽҰôΪʲôƺš
׿Ӧ룺֮ǰǻɣƽҰ;ҪôмϣĴټ᲻﹫ӣݣʵ׼﹫ӲȥɴĿߣΪṩ
ƽҰӣҲ˵ùȥƺ˫üĴʲô˵ǰ׷ƽҰһģ
ɫ磬ȥʣҹ֮£﹫ӽӦʱشˡ׿Ӧ顣
ƺתתͻȻ¶ЦǾͰúû䣡


109 
ù, ߴƺڣǽϳ¶ϱ߶Сּ顣
, Ҳڻظ, Ƭ, ǵķţѾ, ֱӴӴ˳ȥ
ϵС֣û߶Զƺ׿Ӧе̸ʲô, űһɪɪӰֻϺס
Ϻ﹫ӡ
һҹ磬¶ˮֱʵʱű˷֣·Ҳ֪ôô, Χָָ㣬һƵģûǰ
﹫ӾôΧʱ, ͷ˼ȣôһ, ʼգƵ˵һᵽʲô, ʲôС·š
︮Ҳס, ΪԼүҹȶ˯ʱĩŷԾ, һûˣĴȥҡ
˻ΪǷͽƣ˰ߣĵȥѰֵͣ﹫ӱ˩ϡ״Եĳ̬˾֪ؽô˴ؼȥǮƽϢ¶ˣϣܹΪֹ
һ﹫ӱιҩ˰գҲѹˣȴɵˣ۲˵˿Ҳȣڱĳɸһֱ¡
Աôһӣۻˣʲ˭ֻûԺ﹫ӵԺΧ˸ˮйͨԷվˣٴα˽ߡ
ƺ׿Ӧʱ򣬼ƣЩԽ
Ҳ޷ЩԺľͷ˺޶£ľͷٶ࣬Ҳʲô¡
˻ҹ£ӯ﹫ԷݶϣԺǽһïʢ֦ڵϢذƬῪ˸߶Ŀ
ʵҲû⶯ƺѾĿŵˣЩԺ̫ҲߣűϹһ޹۲ֻ֪ȫͷһƬ졣
׿Ӧ뷿䣬һ̷Сΰǲڱġӡһֱɪɪ޲
ƺ˽˱ӣҲΣӼ򵽽Ȼ󷵻ݶ׿ӦŽ˴ǿϳȥһѿڼϣʩչṦôϢˡ
ԺӵĻԺûһֵġ
﹫һֳۣǰֱج£ʱȥǣźģλúǵʲô˵Ҷ˵֮ͻȥɣĽҰģʵ̫̫̫ˡ
ãƺĵһţ˼ӵܵʱûˣͲǰҹ㣿ͻȥõ
׿Ӧв϶˷ʱ䣬ٴѯʹƽҰʱ﹫벻ˣһһͿʧķ衣
ﶼûС¶ƺҴҪһƿдڣбķӣɴͰ˽˳
ƺҪ¶֪Ҫˣǽصҩ붼ϣҴҸ˹
﹫ӶƬеҶüҲ̫˰ɣܾôô
ƺűŤ˻һүܻܲʶôôŤ
£ץ﹫ӵĸ첲˺ûʻðŪ˲С
ƺͷ˭֪ô㵨ӡ
ͳ룬﹫ӵԴ˸⬣Ȼû˵ôҹûѻڶأҿû
̫˵ĻȥмѰ֤˵ȷʵʵ飬Żϸʡ׿ӦһƽҲûߵʱ˻úõģһҹ֪ٿ£ԼԼų
ûʲôԴϡ͸ЩֻǰŴƺ֮ͬ飬Ų㷢
ϰ˸ƺ˵Ҳûʲô⣬׿Ӧд˻һŷԼеû
׿ӦûܿЦǷݶϣһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôãֻڨڨһʱ䣬Ӧþˡ
㿴ƺֻı飬ѳ
ɵ˾ˣ
Ϊ˲﹫ӵĿֻţƺ׿ӦдҪڣֻʻǽ˼һҪʵ⡣
ĩˣ׿ӦͻȻζ˵˾䣺֪һʦүڲڸá
ƺʱ˼ЦΪ˷Ӧڡ
һ֮﹫תѽҪõҩҲˣǡ¶͡ɢһζҩҩĲúܹ÷ʻ˵ָ侳ػ䵱ʱ龳Աϸڡ
﹫ιҩ֮󣬴ǰʵʲôо
׿Ӧкƺվ﹫ǰĿ룬ƺ緽ѡ
﹫ȴӦڣƵģȴˣЩͷĿѣ
ǰ֣﹫ӵ߱ת
𣿡
塣
֪˭𣿡
ס
ͷƺƺͷ
һϵвԵ⣬ȷҩЧѾѾ֪޲޲ˣ㿪ʼ䵱ռƽҰȫ̡
ϸ뵱յʮỺͳͣڵҹЩƻĵζ
˫۷ֱƺѾ˼૵ա˵ɵǺָʹ˵ҪŪͻŪң񡭡ҪƵģҵһû˵
Уƺֵֵм㲻ߣԺӵľЩ⣬Աੲݵۡ
үôŹ
׵һۣϻǵ𣿡
˿϶Ǵţôʶɵޣ
Ҽǵ԰үиŮ۸٣˵׼ʶأĵ˵һ²һ°ɣҿøƽϡ
Ժһç򣬲ǱˣּʶǳԴʮֲΪȻ
Ҫʶ˵ڣȳƽŶҳǰĻˣ˵ֻдĵʶָʹ
ǣҪҸɵǺһߣԲ
ǵĻҲǹƽҰڻǰ۸ŲŲѾͷƵģҪиԺյĸɵ㲻԰ڣҲô۸
Աһֵү¶ҪǷŹﵽ۲ʺˣ͵һĵҲҸа壬ͯʱ͵ùԹ͹
ʲôŪ֣ϡǸôǲ˵űüͷ壬ԺƽҰźݺݵԼģŭʢͻȻͣסţһӣߣɫ
Ա߻Ժ׷׽ϣԺ󻹸ҲҸүᣡ
״˴ظϣص˶ŵ·ڣѲƽҰӰ˲֪ѭָķߵһڡ
Ժǰͷһת䣬ž˻ֵֵסҪȥס
ôˣü
һɫɷףСˡ
ȳӣ
Ժ߶µصͷ
ҿ
ײ˻Ժֹ̽ͷȥȻƽҰѾεһһҵؼСĶԲߡ
ͳʲôװ磿ͼΣ߶ߣ
ǰĻǾֹˣŻˣ૵̴ͨһ£һ£ʮ£ӡȹƽҰһͷ
û
ûУòƽƽ档
֮أôߵģ
֮󡭡
ǰĻٴζۼ˼ŹƽҰϽȥԼС˺ͻԺ˻֣һװߡ
û˵Ļͷֻۣ˲ŹƽҰڲڡö֮·ϡ
Ա·ĵʣӴүôˣ
һ˴εˣͻؼȥ
ƺ׿Ӧһû뵽ԷȻô󵨣ڹ컯µ°ˣ
ףȻأȥͯ𣿡
ݴ͵ҡҡͷ֪
׿ӦСƺǲĴƽҰôôûἰ¡
ʱײѾ뿪ˡƺüͷ塣
ǰѹƽҰĸˣ㻹ǵô׷ʵ
Ŀɢ΢΢üŬţǰٴγ˵ʱ龰Ժ˼ŻԲѵĹƽҰǰԶת
ߵǰ·ڣǾתˣǱߵ·ƫƧ
ƺ׵οǰ׷ѹƵ̾˿
׿Ӧаοļ
ˣˣͻȻһֱӣ˱һŵĶ˺ڣ
ʾƺ׿Ӧ侲ؿףûʣ㿴ʲô
ƽ񷽲һ૵ǹʱǡײһˣ˺ƺܳԾƵظһкδȥĶˡʵƺܲԸ˵˼ˡ
˴кûᵽ֣
Եɵɵؿ˴һۣᵽˡ
ʲô
ŹƽҰһˣ˳Ϊ硯
ƺѸٸʹ˸ɫ⣬ʵǰʶ𣿡
ҡҡͷʶ
˶پʧ䣬׿ӦаοûϵҲԲ顣
ֻλƵ˵ûǴĻŻǹõǡһǰʧˣ


110 
ʱ֮, ſһĽŵſڴ˯û⡣
Ų֪һСʯӣһ˵, ʱˡ
۱һ, Ŷͷɨһ, ǰԶſŸˣֻŰɫ, ֪ǻ
Ͻһһţ̽ȥԱߣ˷һ, ż˲δԣ˫۷ֱ촽
ϳˣⲻԱҵĹôôˣȰ
˽﹫Ӳ, ﹫ȴͻȻʼңҪҪ
۳Ծһ˵²ʧķ˰ɣ
˵ǻ˰ôʲôִԣ
﹫Ӳ, ƿ˵ײײǰߣ̨װһ, ǰһſ˸ôϡǸоʹˣ̧첲һľ, ţҪ, Ҫ
Żˣǰɱ, ֪ɾ͡
δ䣬ôŴˣʦүվſڣҹڴ
ɵۣ֪ôֻͣ﹫ӻ૵˵ҪҪ
ðеƻͨƺ׿ӦкʹΧߣ˺üᣬһ򿪰ٷš
š֨ѽһˣʦү˽Źغá
׿ӦжɵذȻ֪ʦүƽоֹΣһ˵ĸоûУԼ˵׿ӦжȻϡ
ƺЦ磬ô
еǽһʹ죬˼ۿԱ¼ͷִֽѺ˭ܰϣβסЦ⡣
ϸ⸱ʦүĴ磺ģ֪شүҲûʶƣ깦ûϰˣˣ
£һסһţʱȥһ۾ͳɡǲΣ
ҡ
׿ӦжԼİȻҵˣ
Ѱ̯ϣָһҳŻʧٰ
Żİӷǳ򵥣ʮһ꣬޶Ůǹһָȥ֮Ⱦ˶񫣬ǷһƨծͽܹˣҲָծӴһ겻
ͻȻһھӷûлؼңı˹٣ٸһ׷飬϶Ϊʧ١ʧٰò飬ȥҲͷ֮û˵ǣߣⰸӱѹ
ŻʧࡣЩ˶޹ʡ޶ŮҪôȾƣҪôöģղȴƵԭԼǰ̡
׿ӦпƺǰƲһǹ߽רŶЩ˵ǵ֪شǣŲᾪٸ
ҾáЩ֡ƺʶû棬ҪƽҰкܶ׵ķΪʲôҪô
ãĳ׸ɵģµ
ӳƺƣݣ׿ӦпţЩۣ޲øϽĻЩ˾ǧС
ƺ˵ˣض룬·ֻ˲ǵǹʲʲô󣬸ô󶯾Ϊ˿յģ壬ҲòȥˣǸ¶Уʹү˵˵
׿Ӧб㽫¼һ˵󣬡͡һЦˡ
Сӣ͵Ȣϱ¿ɺãϵһ˫ҡҡͷ¶ð졣
ﳣһжΪ˽һЩÿСҪĶʵ̫ԶƽﰤѵҲͰˣɡˡ־ۣ˭˵Էãǰܡ
ɫأߡĳסĳңǶ˽⣬ߴҲ̫׼ˣ޴ж𵽵Ĳģǳ˹ߣһ֪ʵЩ鷳
˵öԣҲΪɹǹֲ۸ƺվŮӣǲ࿿үȥ߷㣬һЩ׷ЩʧٵԼĲŸֵš
һͬͷ
ƺĿ׿Ӧϣ΢΢¶Цݣйݣϣ߲ϮǷŶ֮Ū㶯ʵǵȲˣ

ǰһգ׺¥ƹ׿Ӧжʱ֮ھ¥ſڹӣ˷ųϢȥϱʳǰ֪йǺηʥ
ƹ׼˵ǣ粻֮йӿеޣ˵Ĺͣı²֪ζ
ʳһǷ֮ģʱʮָȤ׷ױʾʱһ
еĵСк˵ʱ򶼻᲻źۼἸ䣬ԷȤ֮󣬱ƹ˵ǰ׺¥Ļƶܻ飬˵ֻգչٵʳȫ֪ڶйӵıݡ
ټϽհޣ׿Ӧдȥ׺¥׼ʱƹϲ̵ظݵλѾԤȥ˾ųɡ
һϲôˣ
ͷ׿ӦУԷʮֳţԵԼЩ٬ɿһһ侲ס
׿ӦоôԼ΢ƫ֪߻Ժַʽ֣ʵڴⳡݳĿĻˣһ޹˺Ѵ̡
׼һЩӣڱҪʱ򲹳׺¥ϰ塣
ƺΪ߼˵ҲᵱɧңϾԷϣִһٸ鷳ˡ
׿Ӧо˵ԼݳΣŻ֪̫İһЩƹ˵Ԥλ˾Ȼﵽ˾ųɣֿʼ
飬ǵǲ̫ˣֲΪʲôõĶ¥Ϊ׼᷿֮󣬾ܳȥװݳߡ
׺¥㣬мһԼɼͥռ䣬׿ӦдһԾ£ڶмһǧݳڿյĲ֣ǧϽУʱŻһмݳ̨ϣ㿿ΧλѵĹ
ҪװģǼǧϸ˵ǲһԼɳһ߶ľ塣
װ꣬ȥʹ˻ΣȷְȫŷģȻ׿ӦṦ˵ãִӿˤµҪǧ;ˣܻ˵ˣҲⳡݳͱˡ
ǧһݳ̨ϣһͷЦؿʱͿʼ̡
󷽵عĽ֮飺磬ãȻҵʱʶɽôһǸ¡ɽˣйҲѷɫ
ô˵ѧǵиһֱĽҺ̫ˡǫ飬ⷬ佱и˲ѡ
и磿ôƺҹô
æͣҺܺõģ˼ӣ˽һֱôС
áĽ˵
һģ֮ǰ񳾷磬һ˲ί֪ôοźãһֱ̧ͷԼոװõǧȥһô
ɬһЦ㷵ֲṦ
ҴȥһۣҲûʲôˡ
ģ
Щ˼ȻģǡٲҪð㣬Ҫ
Ŀϸ֫ϣʱףߵǰͷĿɾ
粻ǵͽӣǽŮӣûôི˵ǣ֣Լ䣬ɬ˵֪ߴˣ羰Ρ
һ̣ϵֱٿȻսδӦѱ˰գһ§Ӷ¥ΧǼǧ
СǧϣվȺԼųʡ̤ľˣ˫ֱַץߵӡ
ŵòۣס˺§Լͽؿϡ
ľһ߶վţüϵǶˣֲŮ㻹֬㣬ֻζ٣͵ģҪš
Ͱ͵㡭£ء
סͷЦҲ£㣬Ϊô죿
ˤ㡣ܿȵĿ⣬ץץңҿʼˡ
ԱһЩζǧƵת
ͥռ䲢ǰζȲ̫Ƭ̺ƫͷ¿˿ŵӺЩҲ̫ѽ
һЦȻ㵨ôԱģ
˵գ˫ƿǧľ壬ʼȦػǧͥתղãͻײϡ
һٴ˽黳һȦȦתǧƵƽȣֻоնѡ
ߵᴷ˴ؿڣֵˣ
ͷ촰һɫ⣬˵ϣ鿴ŻеŮƤ΢΢죬޸µ۾ں⣬רעؿԼڵͫӳӰӣ·עӵĲһˣĴȫ
ոƽϢٴξʮдδ˿عûһŮͶע˻ȵĿ⣬һ˲䣬Լ·Ӵ֮ŸҪ塪ҪԼõһж


111 
׿Ӧվ¥Χ, ĬĬע޸п
һ£Թ塣㵥Ұ꣬һζ, Ȼޱ
û, ôΪĵף, Ůľϲ⣬ֹѾˡ
ҪҲ, ǧְ취̽ʵڲпһڹ˵ǵģгһ, 鷢࣬롣
ڷ֮ʱһнŲˡ
ϾŻͨ, ǲ̫ҡƺֱȥ̽ʧ飬ֻ׿Ӧ໥Ӧ, ˳̽һ
ʽ֮ʱ˶, ڲ׺¥Ľǣڰй۲
׿Ӧи˸к㡣
ѰŮ磬һЦ, ĿƳͥǵǧˣεǡҴӴſڽ, ûҡ
Ӣѹ˹ء׿Ӧεˡ
ɲô翴, ζ
׿ӦԼ˵Լֲ̫ϲˡţǵر죬Ӧ
˱Ҳû˵ͷ¥¡
Ҳ̫ΣܿǧƹӭǸظ˵˼ʲôһߣ𰲸䣬¶ϲ֮ɫתͷ¥ߡ
翴龰һֳ۶ӡ
׿ӦеǻݵŰɡ
Ƭ̺Сţڸ׿Ӧױ
һԼݣ뵽ûбҪԱ˽һŮװӶڵи硭
Լǰôҡ׿ӦдӾ飬ζЦЦ㶼عﵱˣ
ϥ׿Ӧ˸񣺡ӡ
󾽣źףڨڨز֪˵ʲôá
׿Ӧŷۣһۣ͵Ц
׿Ӧɢعʲôô
Ŷƹ˵¥ʦͻȻˣܸ٣Һ˵Դʦãһ˲ܶᣬʹӡһ˵ţһ͵͵
󷽣ǹӲСŮӵգҿΪԵһ
ǵء׿ӦлЦعܶȻûģֻǡ׿ĳǷ飬Ҫϳʵڹⲻȥ
һԵЩꡭ
׿Ӧһ۵ɨ֪ʧԣϽ졣
СŮӵľˣСŮΪӶྡౡ֮ҲӦõġһЦתͷ׿ӦУȻ棬СŮҲȷʵһ˽ġ
⻰һ
׿Ӧȣȣţ˵޷ǡҲԵ޹ʵ⡣
ӭ׿ӦеĿ⣺СŮϣԺܸŹһ𴳵湫ůҲɵʦֻӱӻ
ڣӻȷʵûʲô⣬һܸ֮ʲôΪβȥѰЩǻϷӣ׿Ӧһۣһģв̾˿
Цұʦ񳾷ϳʦţ֪ůδԸЯĺ󱲣ҲٲԸҡβϷӣֻ徲سΪԼıơǫƾɵıָ֣տɴʱͬ۹á֣֪ˡ
׿ӦҡӣЦЦؿ𣬳Ƭ̣ŵ벻عǸĺ֡
⻰ǿ佱һʱȻͷշ졣
һԿżһΪΪѣΪҴ˱飬ֲ˵ʲôＱÿʼץ
ҿǿǰɡ׿Ӧлܲͬ۹ãҲÿԵ֡
ϥһлӡ
֮׿Ӧб׸ϤȥΪϵı׼
뿪粻ɸ̾ɲ򵥣ûôأӾˡ
׿ӦҲεŲţǷ˳ǾãǹһԭΪͬС
Ҳãǲܴͽȥˡ绵Цʲô˵ȥƭˡ
׺¥׼᷿ܴЩʱ£׿Ӧбڷ˻һ֮ǰ˵ķŪˣϴ˱ûױ
֪ƺ֮ǰݣΪ룬Ͼ⡰йӡǴٴţ֮ǰװ̫Ů»ϲַʽʾˡ
ҲΪʱ٣ò磬ھ¥ݣͲǰŨױĨЩҲûʲôá
ʱʱ׿Ӧһ죬ƺ㷭һЦ
¥ݲôʲôַһƺЦ׿ӦбãӸյЦͽӡ
ҵС˽ᣬȤƺмԶͣ˽ţֶôûױ
ϲװŮô׿ӦװãѲɻҪҴȹ㿴
ƺЦ˵չȥ§ȹҲδɣҲһȤ
׿ӦһӺϣҪԼȥȤͲ
ƺϲױʲô·ﶼÿÿ㡣
⻹ࡣ
ԲҲÿ
ǧְһȡ
Ϸűŵϣƹġ׿Ӧоŵ̨֮ǰƺһԼһҲûóԣȫš
ƺһ죬ȵͷ󺹣һڱˬϣҪ׺¥ƹĻ¶
׿ӦԱӣ̽ʲô
һЩ֤֤ʵ֮ǰĲ²⡣ƺȥ￴ۣмȷʵ滻ˣĶЩؤ־壬֪ǲǱҩԴ˺޲ͳһ½½ʧٵԼʮ߰˸һ¾ˡ
Ŀô࣬ûٸӣ
Ҳ׷ˣûĶѡƺʹ鰸Ĳ죬ܽһǷֱͬ˵Щʧǰһα˿Լڳʮ¸
׿ӦüӦȥ˰ɣأ
ÿһõĲ춼ȥǴˣûнƺʮʵǸܻĵطԳƵڣ˺ȥҹʮ£Ǵɽɽɵɽһһ޴ɽ㻹ǵڸǻĵͼô
ǵãδɽ׵ȻֽߣĽսʵɽһͷ׿Ӧе
ƺͷΪ˭Ҳû취ԽδɽսʮСɽͷһƬ˼˵־綾߳ϣһݽȥʮƬֽ޳󡣲ǶЩΪ˶ծܳȥһС޳󣬾ͱڰ޳ȥܵظˡ
Žƺ硭
ƺƤЦⲻЦʲô飿Ѳһ㣿
ǣͲ֪ͷи磬Ҫˡ
׿Ӧá
ƺйǿϣСӣתȥ
Ͻתֲߡ
ƺ§׿ӦеһζƢǡ
öȫңԼǵóԡҾڸţʲô룬úݳС
׿ӦйĲӣעⰲȫ
˵գϿƮݵۣ˷š
Ҫϣȴƺס˺󾱣æĵ磬Ұɡ
ҪȥݣżæŵظʲôȥƺЦһҸƵģʲôˣ
ʲô£ȫǰķԸģ鱻죬֣磬ңҸһܣ
ƺЦһ֣ʲôܣ
Ц˵иΪʲôû˵ʵʵҿ̵ĻһͼֽҪһѵҪ죬Ҫ̵ȻԼ彣̽Բһѱ˵滻áʱڽϱȻΪûʵҶ⵽ˡ
ôû
ҵĶô
ƺ֣¶һ˿Ц⣺㻹еã
ֺõиҪ㿪ģ
ģи׼ϲ͸˸׶ƺһƣϻ˵Ź¥κһɵˣҪٳ©ͱ̸ǾؼҰɣ


112 
׿ӦվͥΧ, ֳ׼ţʳͷѰټ
һݳʱ, ϵĳ, лЩŵ, ûߣһȫİĳ, ȻҲⲻ
ȻݳΪյУ׿ӦбӣǶ϶ϲǰ, οôĽ˼Ǯ빼˵ڴ
йӵǼ٣ҪΪ
֮ʱ, Ȼƺվ¥ΧԶԶһЦݣƯ̾ͰȻ, ˸ȵ
ڶ㣬ָ̧ҡ
ٵʦ, Ϊҹдյǽʿڴҹˮս龰, Ϊ뽣⾳á
ƪɨһ, ׿ӦӦ¥Ծ£ҫ, £ȫз裬ƮƮɣڳ˷׷׹ƣȲʡ
ڿҵǧ֮ϣ֮֫ʱڵ󾪺
վһ̨ߣͷţԱƹĶֱۣ̾йӣ鴫ÿһƶˣӯʵǾ
ǵȻҼҹӵı´أڷܣͷѾվڶƺƹĵæȥתת
ƺڶ󣬿ǽվţмɵ˵ĵСǰ͸˷죬ԣĿش
רע٣Ŀڷɵ׿Ӧжûע⵽ƺĿ⣬Ѿվ˶涼ûʶ
ϵ㣬ߵƺԣ磬ûʲô쳣
ƺšһҴҲû״ߣҳȥˡ
ġͷ
µһ㣬ƺ̧ͷһûĿⲻȺѲ˿Сӣؼʱ̵ҲûԼϵΡ
׿Ӧ轣Ŀյƺ˲׺¥֪Ѿ¥еĹ˿Ͷɨһ飬Ҫȥš
ԭļƻƺֱŲ׺¥ĸǵķΧ
ѾΧεĵ㶼ˣӦǲһôϣʹ¥ܴƺڽֶһС¥¥
һ֧׿ӦлúȲʣһͶʳǷ׷Ǯ͸СʾԼϲ¥¥̫ߣ߿㽫ʾԼĶڵСϣɵСΪת
׿ӦΧ˹Ϊ˱ⲻҪ鷳û¥ݣʩչṦͥΧν㡣
ȫʢƹĸ˵úϲ£죬Ѹ˸׿Ӧȥ˲ˮģԼһ̱ϡ
ûչ˶¥ٵãֻֽһ࣬Щֽţһ˫Щʹ
ͻȻһˮݵǰ̧ͷһ飬ЦŽӹл
鲻˼ͷΪҼҹӸ٣չӦõġ
һڲ裬ʵȥźҹô
ء黷һܣֻÿ˿Ͷ²̸ʲô뷽ŵݳйأֻһյʱϢҾͲȥˣĴߣǵ뷨
ӯӯЦţת湫ӣģп͹ٶڿ޹ӵ輼Ṧ˽գӱضǵĺˡ
Цһŵˮ˫Ϊ΢΢죬Цˬʣȴ͸ŽߣӶƬ̣㲻˼شͷԺȲһΡ
鿴ɿˣԼҲЩȻץز֪Ǻá
в豭˵ףֽӹӣȥһ
ˣڱá۾ٿףȥæɣûͷ㲻Ӧ𡣡
ͷ첽뿪߳Զŷлֻ߬豭ɫ豭ԵӡһĨĿ֬ӡǣĶȻ©һģּ
ִأһҪ򶨣򶨣ظ仰ֱ㣬ŵĻҲƽϢذ¥ϼѲһ顣
ƺڽֶС¥¥ſţĿŲ׺¥ڣƬҲҷɡ
ʱ䣬׿Ӧеĵһ֧ѾݽʱǼۣ֧ض𿴿ǵĺ䶯Ȼڲ׺¥٣ȥ˶࣬ſڶΧ˲·ˡ
ƹΪƣûֹվڹۿƺʾ磬ǧܷɡ
ڣʾһоա
׿ӦЪϢƬ̣׼һ֧ݳڶСűߺҩǱȽӣһɫۣš
ڶ֧쾡µչ޹ǵΣָѶȵĶϡһԵɷǣһɫۣĵüĿ续뷲ü֣Ļꡣ
һˣ׿Ӧһݳ̨ϣһִĶ˱ݡ
׺¥˲䶯¥Ʈʻͻ꣬׷׿Ӧеļϡ̧ͷһƷֱվĲ¥ͥŪ൱ϲ졣
׿ӦвɿЦ׺¥ƹǸ˲ţȥϷӼֱϧˡ
ǽյһݣ˳ֻվ̨ϹܱҾ
һƶ̣Ƴһܣ˲ٴ̨ͣǰҪ׿ӦйĿ
ݳ̨м֮ңʱ׿Ӧǡһ̧ۣһö屻ӽ
öʽӣʵֵͨʲôǮұ汻ĥ߰㣬һͺٱа棬ֻϣߵҶ
ⶫ׿Ӧ˵ʵ̫죬Ϊӣ
׿ӦؿȻһû˵ȥ壬̧ͷе´
ΧӵİףЦţ˴кãЦûаֿ⣬ͷ£ǰģɨһȦûκοɵˡ
ֻʵһԵ飬Էմ¥Цŵ̸ʲô⡣
̵Ļߵǰϲ̵ؿڣơ
׿Ӧһץö壬һֽץסƵĸ첲еʵ˭ӽģ㻹ǵ𣿡
ãȻؿ壬ֿΧ̫ˣҲûע⡣
׿Ӧ壬ֱճһССֽ𿪿ּȦʱˡ
鲻˼䣬һ̧ͷͲ׿ӦеӰΪԷص¥᷿ЪϢãһ¥ȥһ߾ز鿴ʳ͡
УסĴڿʲô
ջĿ⣺ŶǵķӦһøӻػ
ǲصģڲ׺¥ôãûơݵʱòˣ㹫ӿϻƹĻδԸء٩ЦЦ
æģǾݳҲڹ
ɫСʵ磬㿴ӻһô


113 ҧ
¶ֹ, ʮΪѡ
Լ䣬𣿡ץסҲ鷳ġ
, 鱻ôһץ, ʱ˼֣ҡ
ȻǲǾ, Ҫܹ֣
Ȼǣ鼱еһŮ, Դȷʵ̫ˣѰӻ쾭ģôùֻ֣ȷʵѴ
⻰, ۾ؿѾ֪Ӳˣô
鿴ʧı飬һʱ״Σ, ҡң롭Ϊ㣬ǡǲܡ
, Ϊѡ⸱ģƺЩ, һ˿Цݣûµģ˵, ܷͬ۹ãҪԵ֡ҲǵĿ, ûҪһһҽ͡ǿЩȥɣ۵ò, Ҫ˷ء
ת첽¥ıӰؿʯ飬µ
˽׿Ӧе᷿ȴһˡ
ɨһȦûô
ӦǻˡָָαϴŵĺɫۣѶˡ
Ҳԣ˵³ȥˡЦҼݵмԹҲ빫ӽύء
ô£ȻδϾųѵѾãͨ˸ΪΣյҲЩ
ܵע⵽׿Ӧʱõ彣ˣǳŷ㣬˽̸ûбҪ·ִЩֱܸ˵ֻ÷ܵţӦǰɡ
ֻϣ׿ӦܾҪȻͷƺ˲ˣһҪÿ
ô룬׿ӦܳȥƺˣĻܵøԼɣ
ңҹļжʲôʱֹأڿ׺¥Ӧûп֮ˣ֪ûз֡
з֣ܻ֪ͨԼɣ
ķң𷢾÷һߣʰ׿ӦݳõĶ
æµæ֣־Լһˣⴥ˵Ʒֻ˵һߡ
鶪ĵʰΰڵصƷջ˳ڣ磬ôˣ
Ŷû¡׿ӦеݳõۣţҼҹȥĶˡ
𲻽ЦˣӲ뿪һյʱ䣬㲻ôż˵ôˣܳʲôѽ
ĵܳ¶ɶȥˡ
ʱš֨ѽһ죬ӭ˹ȥ
ӡֻû˵ڣͶƺĺݺݶһ£硭
ƺɵشʲô飿أ
֧֧ᣬȥˡ
ȥĶˣ
֪
ƺʱýţһѾӣ˵һ飿
𿴳Ӧ죬죬ƺ̬˶ӣǰ໤Եζ緢ŭֻǳȥһ˵ȵȾ͡
ƺԼƺҪˣס죬µ˼
ץסƺԼ֣磬żͳȥҡ
ƶһ̴ϲ̵ߵſڣƣһ飺ӣҪҪô
ҡͷòãҼҹӵıڡ
ƺɿץ֣ɫʻƣ֪йȥĶô
֪˿壬ɫͱˣô˲ˣѹһתҲʲô
ƵĻû˵꣬ڵ˾ͻ
ƺ˫Ŀ죬úҪһ£ʵʲô壿˭ģ
Сƶ߶µ˵֪
ƺǰ͵Ϯ׿ӦУôһ˵˲ףԷȷ˶ܿ˳ţԵ׿ӦУǿ϶ӵģ
ǲɵϹŶ˵ֱɱˣҲԳֻҪǮҸͨȣŰѲ׺¥صܲ͸磬Ҳܷʲô쳣
׿ӦǣʦûжԷϢȻϲ˵ȻǵǵģֲȣһȻңױԷǣűߣ
ƺ˿аûĪ涢ţӦڰߣ
ʱ⴫ѻƺдݵϢɫ
ȻؿջȥҰСƿƣһ߷Ը飬һȥ
һҲȥ
ƺؿһۣڨڨͣסŲౣء
Щ˶ôƺĿϷŵϣͻȻʵ
һۣҡҡͷҽû˶
֪ˡƺ仰ƿ˳ȥ
Ƽ֣˺һŷӦ̽ݣ飺Щô죿
һ̵ⱦȤȽƹİɣǹӻ㡣
뿪ߵߣűгһϣЩĪôˣ
ȥϸϸֻ꣬һ߱Ǹʮ֣Ǳ˲Сģ֮ҡҡͷ
ұƢ󡣡̾
ͷԵؼʰڵżǼҹӰˡ
ѵгңǲ⣬Ϊһ˽š
ٴη춯ν硣
Ȼؿ㡭ҲṦ򣿡
ɫҹ£ѾͷྶͥҲøͣһſýģʰô
š
߰ɡ
㡭ɫЩɡ
粻ͷô
鿴˿ԥ𡭡һ˶в㣬ȥ
æµ磬Լ߾С
ɨһۣƺЩΪѣ˼Ƭ̣С
׿ӦյֽҴһطǰµֻۣİɫۣ彣Ӵֱ˲׺¥ĺԺǣһƥ֪˭ϱܡ
һ·ɱ˿Ѿ˳سֱ⣬ֽԣֱʮ¡
֣ǰƺŸᵽʮ£ָɺδ̫졣
׿Ӧй˲ô࣬ϵıʼȷʦģò
ԣʮµ·ȷʵһᲱӴʮۣ׿Ӧпˣסƥףϸϸ۲졣
˴˼·де֣ĵģĳ⣬ûκҹɫƯɴİɫһֲ²ŵ棬ŲҰ׵Ĺ⣬ʹĻԽˡ
׿Ӧûгɵվڵ·룬֧Ŷ䲶׽ΧĶ
ֻԱߡһҶζѭȥ
·ͻȻһǳɫӰƽﴩĵۡ
׿Ӧеᵽ˺ڣʶսеĽ뿪˭Էȴȳ
ǸӰòϵơ
׿Ӧвһᣬʦ


114 ѡ
ӵ, ׿Ӧиƺһôãߣϵ
ֻһ̣ۿˮ˻ȥ, һľҪ취, Ͼڸžָҹɫ, ֻʵؿԷŵӣ
鲻ǰʱ, ԷȿˣƣǲѾʦݣ
׿Ӧ͵һָǡǶǼô
ɤɳƣȴ飺ô, ڹҰɣ
ΪҪ㣿Ҹں㵽˭ֻ֪ʦ׿Ӧ飬һ߽֣һʮ, ѵǺ˻ǻҶôǲǹ߱ģ
ͽЩ£û취͡Ƕ, Ҫе񡣡ӻ
׿Ӧн֣Ұ׵¹ⱻҶ϶ѳƬ, ǵڵϡգգ۾ܿӦеĺڰ֮, ӵĿԽ
ϤƣϤɫ, Լȼͣʮǰ, ǸԷԺǽͷʡ㵽׸ߡˡ

ñطϲý׿Ӧû˶һ˲Ĵڵ״ʦɻǲ˵
ۿȣǻȴ˱º׺ʯͷ˨ԭء
ԭȷ϶ԷݣлнңվԼǰȴֲҿˡ
ʲôѽ͵ģ˵׿ӦţղסеĽҼǵ֮ǰҹ㣬ʱܾôᡭ
ŲỺǰվﲻĿдһ˿ûѡΪʵǡ
˵׿Ӧоؿڷ·ʲôѿˣ᲻ܿƵӹ֪Ƕ˵ʱѾ󣬸ԼҹĽڣȻһ̵֮ǰ֪ԼȻ˾ʵҲ˵ˣʦһȥɣ֮ǰһУ͵û
ƣ֮ʦͽ꾡ˡ
׿ӦеĽ۵һڵϣת˲䣬·ֱǸĺӣŵڶαˣ㡭ҲҪô
ǴˣǡǣǵĻ˵Ƕʮǰɵ׵ġϸԺǻʦͽôӿűʹ׿ӦУĿ͸һ˿ᣬеĻȴǺ飬֪Сһˣ㻹ʦԸô
ֻҪֻҪ㲻ߣ㲻硭粻Ϊ㡣׿Ӧ⵱ͷȣԴ죬ֹסµǰһ̷ʮˣоԼ˶Ҫ˺ˣڡһлü
ǰһץסӵعڵأʦ㣬ȥߣǰǵôô
׿Ӧезһ˿֣̿ʳǾ仰ȻȷӵĴ𰸣ϾʮؾԷԷû¶ôĸ顣
ѵһĶˣ
ḧ׿ӦеĺףΪʦȻ㣬ǡⱲǵͷˣܲܵ㰡ۿһ׷ôװƣʦĻȥɣ㶷ߣžʣôˣҲĶ֣ýʲô뿴ƺ촦ô
ʦ׿Ӧӽ£ȣεѣҪʦҲҪ磬һ̷˼ңһȥɣˡ
ӳ̾˿
׿Ӧۣͷʦ
Ҳܻͷˣƺ֪ǲԭҵġ
׿Ӧв⣬۵ɫʲô֮޷ڣͻȻˣŵƽҰƽҰǡ㡭
ӿЦŵͷץңȴҲңϾ˶ʮꡣһ׷ҾͻԣҪȥץƽҰҵͶ״һֻҪ㻹ƺһ𣬾ͲʦҪҵĺ·ۣ
ΪʲôҪ׿Ӧ촽ţ߲㣬ͱ㶼˶ʮ꣬ΪʲôҪ
ڴ״˶ʮ꣬ѪģǶѪͷ͸ҶͷƬ޾գһӣ˿ˣˣΪҵĹҰɡ
ӣΪ㲻Ҫҡ
׿ӦǱȫ̱ڵϣǰƮӵ۽ǣȥץסȴ첲̧
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôһ٣ٶظҿЦ
Ϊҡֵô
ӿƣʦȰ׷ȥˣȰȰĺ磬ʹְɡʲô³֪ģҲȰ㱳ѴףڵĻʵֵۣΪ
ܵġ粻Ӧ׿ӦʧǵҡͷҲôȰǻһʹ졭
ͷȻΪ㿼ǡ
ʦ㿴ҪЮ˵ֶô׿ӦĿնӣ㱼䣬ǰ˾ޱİĹҵֻȰ֣
漴Ц
ҩڡ˼ԳҡҡͷΪʦվǻеӡţҲգ㲻ź˰ɡ
ʮ㣬ȴΪҸ࣬㲢Ƿҵġ߰ɣͽԺ޹ϸˡ
⻰ƵȴǰĶԻҪˣ·һ׿Ӧеؿڣͱ˸Դ
ӱ֣һЦ޹Ұ㣬ת
׿Ӧйڵϣ̧ץһԵĽԽŵأվ
ʦ˽ҵĻ֪Ҳô׷ˡ΢ü۽ҹɫУץ˹ƽҰҲûϵֻҪûһжءˡͽ
˵գнкһֱӴȥ
Ѳż㣬ϸѾͷЦҽ㣬ṦδرȵңƣѾʦͽС
׿ӦıؿʦԲסˣ
Ҫȥȴһ̣䶸
ӱƿ֮׿Ӧлæһ䡰СġͼʦƺʲôУֱˤ
׿ӦдæȥסӣסļغŽŵʦĶô
ҡͷźֻʯӡ
ʯӣ
׿Ӧɣʱϸ΢Ų̧ͷһʮΧ
Ϊüβп룬ۣϸϸ´׿Ӧһʹ˸ɫϣ
ʮһӵϣ׿Ӧ֪ӹôͼһʮ
ɶԷͿӵֳȥ
׿ӦһƣӦսһߴ𣺡ʦ
ңӰνԵУҲǿӦ
׿Ӧз˺ݣոտ޹۾ĺҪѪƴЩ˶ԴҲû飬ÿһжɱ⣬ƺҪЩٶеȫй
úһƬѩ¹⣬ת˲Ĩ˵Ĳӣ˼ѶԸʣɽ󣬰Χ档
ȷʵңټϷű͵ϮȻֻһʯӣǴĺϣʹǿ˲ʮ֮󣬱㽥µĲӱóٶ۶ҡ
ǣ˭ʵ
һЦȡˣ
ҡʶǵӡ
ɣҲϵ㣡
ὣӾȥӲֻʺһĽԼȴСĲȵһʯͷϣһŤʧȥģԱһԱߺͬһѾʱ
ֻ͡һ죬һӱ͸Ŀڴ
׿Ӧ˺ѷεش𣺡ʦ
ӵɴ۾ŵؿǰĺˣȻɱҡ
۽ǣȻٿرӽӵĲϡৡһĨⷽŻ׿Ӧе˵͸͸ĵʿʱĿ
׿ӦĿѣһش𣺡ɱǣ
߸һΧȥ׿ӦжԴʣΧӦ׿Ӧо˼㣬֪ԼսپȻǺĹ⡣
ϧӵǷ̸̫ǰ˲֮Ѿֻ֧ı߳š
սӦļˣ͵һ̣¶ţѸٲϣ㾶ֱ׿Ӧеţ
ֻۡһһ󵶵ն䣬Ǻ˵Ľϣ˵Ľ˰ء
ǵǱеĵɼ˵ж
ƺ׿ӦеǰǰЩŭĿӣǻˣ
ʹһں󣬶˵ᵶ㿳ǵټ죬˲Ƕ֣в˰رɵü
硭׿Ӧбһֱ׹
ƺһѱסУҴˣӦߡ
׿Ӧӵʬ壬Ŵŵش۽ǻ䣺ʦǱߡ
Ҵȥƺδ޳ŵȥϵᣬ§ֽߵȥߡ
׿ӦпŭĿԲϱ۵ӣʦ
ˣԣǲˡƺְӵ۾ϣ׿Ӧ§ڻӵʬ壬ʦѹġ
׿Ӧп޵ҡͷᡭ棬ΪˡΪȰ㡭ͣ֡
ƺĺ󱳣⻰ʲô˼Ҫߣ
š׿Ӧһʱ֪ôӺ˵ǻһյ͸һ߿һ߷磬ΪʲôҴûѡʦʦҲʲôʲô׵ң͡ͷҲء
޵˶ƺĶˣ޲ۣˡ
˭˵ûѡѡңǵѡң㲻ѡңͰ͵شԶҵ۸˦˻ģִ۸׷ݣӴ˾ߣ϶ϲߡƺ׿ӦУ૵ѡңҾģһӶ뿪㣬Ҳˡ
׿Ӧзͷһۣ˫ԲԲèˮۣ˶ݣ磬ûʦˡұȥȥ㣬ûܱҡҲТ
ǻˣ׿ӦƺԼ˼ܣʲôˣֻܵͷǻ˵Ķͷ૵ĴĴǺˣʦ£ᣬûˣⱲӶҲãҲãһʹӴֻ֮ʦǱˡ
ʹѾòֻ࣬ʣһֵ·ˮװƺ׿ӦУ˳ûˡ
ƺʹ˸ɫ⣬һ𣬵ʬԣ˹
ȻһѪӲһĽۣӦûˣɴʮϸؼһ飬Żͷƺźҡҡͷ
ƺ״̾˿
ﶢӵʬ壬ǷʲôĶĽ㴦
ֵؿһۣʲôʱʼʬȤˣ
ٷϻһֻҲಱϸϸĦһ۾ͻȻˣ
˲ֻ΢΢Ŷƺ§øһЩĺͷҲû̧ôˣ
ݵģӣ
ƺûü̧ͷһƤݡط˹ֱϣµƤа}һ亹ӴҲɵضһ¡
Ȼĵ׿ӦУһ䣬͸֧˿̵֪Ϣ˳ܲסٳʲôô
׿Ӧ⻰ԭն۾ͻȻɣģ
ƺĵشġ
׿ӦתһץƤ˼ۣʱƺĻһǾʬǰȷʵһİף˶סˡ
ƺȥСУ
׿Ӧ̱ڵأŤͷȻͻȻڴڴŽٺĿϲЦֺʦʦšš
ûˣûˡƺٴνӵ뻳У庢һذţһв龪һӦ㣬һʦȳú̷չ꣡
׿ӦΪЦʹͷصţǸϲޣ˦ң


115 
Χȫʬ, ý˵ȫİףһĿ
ƺһͷ, °͵˵𴦣Ҫرһ£
׿Ӧѹ, Щ˼ðɡ
ãҪʬ, ҿɲ뿴̫ۡƺɷ˵, ˴ᱧȥ
ܵ·ߵ£ű׿Ӧ£ڻ, յýġ
ˣ֪𣿡ƺδǰ׿ӦʧĿڷ·ճ, Ѷ֮Ӳ׺¥ǣƥʮ¿񱼡
һ·׿Ӧʲôǿ˼, ֻͷ·ϴ׿ӦбչüģĿ, ܲסԼĸαٳʲô
˶ǻ󺹣ҲҪαţһ˾ûˣԺɲô
׿Ӧзɵɵؿ޹Ц, ٻеȫͷų˿ѾƽϢ, ƺϣǿؿ, ˼ָ
ţ˵Ҫһ˸ᣬ¸жԷ¼ӣͲŸ˵׿Ӧͷƺһ˫۾޹գգү¥ӣܿҳȥˡУϸ˼Ǻţ㿴ô
ƺЦˣڹȿϿ̸ʮ֣Ҳóһҿأ
ֻҪȥ᷿ңȻܿõôҲһܲµ˵ʲô׿Ӧסһֻ֣ʮָۣʵҲֻ˫رնѣ֪һܸҡ
šǸٵӸ˵ʲôƺСʡ
׿Ӧмɲ̾˿˵Ƕʮǰ׵ϸʱˣΪһΣҪȰ֣ԡ汿ʦҳϦദʮ꣬ҾȻǼٶ治
ƺͷ۽ǣⲻܹ㣬ﱾͰԷӦҲǿģ£֮£˼ʦУϴͷֻҪ常վҸǰҶˡ
ΪҾں˵һ׿Ӧô˵ȴǺã΢΢˹ǡ
㣬û˵ǣⲻ˹ң;裬˵׻̫ʦˡ
ŶǷи˵ҰͰ͵شݵ۸˦˲ģִ۸һ·׷ݣߣ϶ϲߡ׿ӦζؿƺǷǣҲΪ𣿡
ƺЦһüʵôˣ
׿ӦжͻȻԳԵЦ
˵û׷㣬㣬㡣ͷҧҧƺ°ͣˣˡ
׿ӦмȮỬƺƤ׵ؾ͵ȼĻ
˵һ仰ʱ۾Ũ⣬βư˵ؿƺһۣǧС¹ʱ˻ײʧȥԿŶԷ°ͱȥ
ǹ׿ӦеĶͷǸ
׿ӦеЦȻ뵽ʲô˵ĳף㲻ǵýˣþβڲңҿδôӼٰ۸ȥ㡣ʱ֪˭ٲҪһݡ
ݸƨͷ¶βҲ䣡ƺ˸ۣƺҪ뷨ȥűһýˣǿ죡
׿Ӧп첻ߵģЦˣȻԶɿһŶλˣ䣿
ƺͷ׿ӦһۣЩô
ֲֽģû¡׿Ӧں
һ˵һ߾ҪվƺȴַҪᱧٽڵϡ
׿ӦУ
ƺɵֱ׳ͷΡ
˻صŴ򶷴ʬ屻ŰڳɡһͣģǱǹ·ˡ
ÿʬǰŴѳ׿Ӧдһ඼ЩС塢ƽЩͷѪˣҲȫȻͽ
һ̶߳ҩͲ֣ŤͷƺһۣޱЩûͳһļǺţֻид࣬мǸ
ָָмʬ壬׿Ӧйȥһϳüβ룺ͷģ
ƺʬǰ˿Ķ
ϱ࣬һֻӡ
׿Ӧý˸ͷϵ·Ȼʵϱһֻ񣬵ҲδһӣҲ˵ʲô
ĥ̶ȼЩǴˡϾ䶼ʹõĹ򶼲̫һˮƽݬ룬ӦòǳĳһɣȺں֮ڣ߻ˡ
վһ°һָڵϵļٵʿˮƽܸߣƤָ΢ʴĺۼӦǳڼٰˣƤҩˮˡûƶӦҲǽʿ
ƺͷ׿ӦУٵʿĵñȽ϶࣬ô
ҵ̸ȷʵЩ©׿Ӧϸϸ֮ĶԻûϸڣᵽһЩ¶Ǻײ鵽ģ֪ʦͬʮ֪꣬ҽʦãʦṦǿҡЩ£ӦöٵʿǹҷŶõģ֪Щϡ档
֮⣬˵ľԼǶˣҪͬҾѣԼȰ֣Ҳ̫ڼˣҵʱңûܼʱ
һԵУ¶ȥǶһ
׿ӦгЦЦȻ뵽ʲôƺˣɱٵʿʱٵʿŵ˵˾䡮ɱҡҾüٵʿͺͬһģֻ˳ɱңҪɱٵʿڡ
׺¥Ļ˵յһ壬ӵôƺʡ
׿Ӧдӻͳö壬ȦЩ죬޳ָĦ˼£ŵݵƺǰģǧȷǰ嶼Ϊϴ
ƺӹ壬ϸ꣺ʦǱ°ߵģΪεǹĻָʹô
ȻôϣϾǲĳĳҸĿǰôģҲӲ롣׿Ӧе
һ̴ǸʲôĳѾ˰ɣȻֱɱزٹĨ¶¶
Ҳĳײǰа㡢ôԻᵥѰƭɱųˣʣµֻйˡ
ƺ׿Ӧе֣¶ʵڹŹ֣Ҳжϡ
ü΢ƺȷʵš
ǲǾãǹߵĻƺ˴£׿Ӧпֿʹ·ʽô
ЦЦʵ޴ƶϣʱᵥֱ룬ʱҲʲʵ֣ʲʱȽ϶࣬˭Ҳ˭ȱֱֱۣ̫ȥױԷµĿġ
ȡ鱨ű󡣡̫ܼͬ򵥣ŪǣֱɱУҪŶϹֻҪǿ嶪αػװô鷳أֱǻ㣡
׿Ӧмƺһֱ󣺡Ҳô
ţү˵ƺͷûôùԽܱ࣬¶ǵԽ࣬ױץסȻɱ֮ǰƶϣĳҺ͹߽ˣǳ˽˽ֹ׷飬Ѿɱ֣п߲֮˳֣׷ɱǵȫĳҼϡ
׿ӦԽԽ˵еһ£磬ƽҰҲΪβϹʦң㶼˵֪Ҳ̤ȥԷ϶Ҳ뵽ǼȻûôĪǡҵģ
⻰ƺɫ˼֡
öԷӣΪ׿Ӧбܹѵĳŵ˸ʧأڸ·ϣ־Ҳ̫ԡ
˵ʧأٲµѪ磬ʵδñ׿Ӧǿȥ
ԼƽҰȻҲס
ҲѪ֮飿
ȷʵ벻Ƕڰ˴һȦ⣬ֻԼñԭԶԼøӡ
Ҳܼ򵥣ֻΪԼأ
Ǵ˭֣ĿĶǣԾͶ˼ˡ벻ȸһߣĪҪǵȦסƺ磬ĸˡ
ԣӻͳѰӰԭת˼ȦУ׼
׿ӦлȻ򣺡ǹһϷ˴ʯ·
Ƴƺһۣ֪Һж༦˰ɣ
ƺƺȫⱻڮ١
Ȼ׿Ӧбܵⲻмбթ

Ȼ˵ǶԵģһ˵Ͱ
˵й㻤̵Ϊܷһ£ûǧβͶ̵ȥô
ƺԴԹ޲ЦŶ׿Ӧеҷ˵ģԷСԽ࣬Խܸṩ
ߣѰӰƺ
Ѿϳƺһ֣ߣ׷ȥ
˳С·һ·ۡǰԽ·ԽխŨܲɫҲǰ࣬Խ
ɽŨ£·޴˯ĹޣֻǰشҲɢ˵ѹ
û˻Ը⿿
߳һǰ棬Ҳ֪ʲôͻȻһס˸ͣơ
漸˵⣬ͣ£һ
ǰͷس嵶ҹɫŨڰмΣƺ˱Ҳʮֵע⣬Χ򣬷Ųǰߡ
ߵǰ׿Ӧвſ·һʬ壬ź£棬˫ԲѾ
Ƿǹߵһ
ý¶ˣ¶˲һѪۣһ
ǰȥšӣϲףѸټһʬ壺ûб˿ڣԷֺûеĺۼɱ˱ˣûֳ
˵֪ԼҪɱ˭ƺʬ壬ĴܸС
㾡ץʵơ
׿Ӧвú󱳷ѵԷɳˣһϹʮ˸ɱ˸ںͷϾһ©ĿԡĻʹ˭˼ܵ˷ָ
ͷϸΧĶ˳΢紵Ҷɳɳδ˵ټ
°ϸ鿴һ΢΢üҲӴ࣡
˴չȥӵ£Ȼϱ뷽ͬͼ
׿ӦеͬĴ࣬ǲ˵ǰɵı־
ӦǡߵҪı£ȻҪ֣ĳĳҿǳˣҲûԼ£õؽױ¶ݡƺͼտڸô̽һ£ҲڳĴʡ
ͷʵղ׷ô˵Ѿʮ£ϡ٣ǴҲδɽ˼ȻߣҲǵľݵȻɽУ˳׷ȥӦܲ鵽ټ
ƺԶڵɽҹɫŨһԷɽ˻أǷʤѾ˹ڶϺɽľݵʱģѾתˣǾݵǳڵģǷήͷʱ׷ҧ̫жԷȦףԽżԽܼ߰ɡ
˵ǣҹ֮¶ΣҲ˵⵽ܹݻյ룬ժ£ü両һ㼱ɫ·Ǳ߳⡣
˶ΪȻѸٷ˹ǣֱȥӡ
᷿һˣҵɫԼͬرѿ
ת¥ܣƿķţҲӰʱ⡱һ
׿Ӧƺ漴յķ䣬ʱһС
䣬ûд򶷺ۼҲû˴ʲô
ſڲƺš˻ӣϸ顣
׿Ӧվڴ󣬴һףĻǼһû˻
ȷһŸ£˵ڻ·ϱ˱ʣ


116 龪
ûƺ̽귿, תͷߣʩչṦ¥ݴֱջһãÿջ˷׷ײĿ
׿Ӧһʱ޴룺ү
ƺҲٲ鷿䣬Ŵ, ׿Ӧеļ򣺡
һǻ, ƺ˵ȥ׷ү, ûͷӬƵܣڸ, ҺͰȥȥ
ţġ
ȥĶ׿Ӧвʡ
Ѿţƺ˩ڽֱߵ׺¥, ˳˼ҵͻȥ
Լ࣬׿Ӧжʱס׺¥ӲԶһ·߹·ڱǡ
һ·ûƫƧ, Է͵ϮҲĿŵѡڴ·ϡ
Ȼûֱӻӣȥ˱ĵط, ΨһĿܱĲҪؼ, 粻䵥ֻܸһ
׿Ӧ˵סĵطԶ, Ǳһȥңֱȥ׺¥ƹġ
˴Ҵҵ˲׺¥Ժ, ſһ˩ʾ, ű㷭ԽԺǰԺȥ
տм˶ƹĺһͨƹְѿСһͨڵѽʱո˯£СƱѣ˿Ĳˬ´ŹǷȥԺţſվŵƥͷͶ˺ϡ
ƹҲǸո˯£ͱ׿Ӧҡˣܾŵ˵ס
׿ӦЩ˼ʱ֮ݳƹȡգȫƹУ·ĲȡǶԲ׺¥Ĳ
˵Ŷɿϵ·ϣ֪ס궯ĴֻӸԼ·߸ԶԶţٲȻһ顰ʯ
ƺ״飬𱸣ֻ֪λűס׷Ѱȥ
յϢѸٸ˹
ҹʱ֣мž˷ŻӣСй˼գһת䣬׿ӦбĽŲͻȻһ٣¹ɫɷףо¶һ˿֡
Ѫζƺү𼱣δǷġ
׿ӦжѪζ񣬴ƺôһ˵ŵӭ洵ķмѪҺס˽
ƫͷϸŵûкˡ
סԺǽŸߴľ֦Ҷï쵽Уס¹⣬ںģּѪζ˹ŵѪڡ
šӵʱԼڶĵ׷Ŀ־壬ȴֲòԼȥԣֱǰŵһû磬ɴ˿
ƺοļ򣬴ǿһͷû¡
׿ӦҲͳšϸ̽ϵʬ塣
ûժҲûü̽Щ˵Ŀ
û˵꣬㿴ԭ
ǽǴһ̲Һ壬ɫӫչȥӳǴĿĵĺɫ
ѪζѾǶˣ׿Ӧлָմһ㣬ϸţͷƺ
ѪܵӦʮء
ƺ⣬ͷüųɫ
ǰЩʬķֲλÿѪǵġ
Ǹû˭ģ
׿ӦкƺģȻҲˣǸ֪̲Һʲô
δֻ޴֪Լʲôɽȴ˸һҲ
õ˼ҷɣһڲøֿϾԴӼ֮Ǵһ־ԼʧأֱԳŵš
Ժﻹи˽˵̲ѪδǷģġ
ԣˣ׳һ꣬Ѫʲô
㶣֪Ϊ絣ģûдߴ٣߹ȥĿڴͳǸס
˻񣺡𡭡
ɣ㶨ġﰲοؿһۡ
ʬ壬׿ӦиҪһֻףֵʬĹ
ƺӴӣѭŵϵѪǰѰȥ
˰ѷҵѹ£Ѹٸϡ
֮ǰǸӴ࣬׿Ӧк﷭ʬĿȷ࣬ǲݲһֵ˵УҲһ˴һģһӡ
ЦһηŶҲ׿гЧԷɳôһ¡
ǲ̫͹ŵʵˣ׿ӦɻЩ˷ǵĶ֣Сආʲô壿
ЩçΪǮڹǰţڹ򾿾ΣҲһһټ˶࣬Ϊƾ˺սʤǡﲻмһȱ۵ģǰֱŪ
׿Ӧ˺սƺʲôתͷƺǴȥ
ƺʹѭѪ߳һξ룬ѪͻȻ٣ʧȥټ
ʱˣǰǲ·ڣûľï֦Ҷڵ¹ڵϣλεĲȻӰ٣ߵ϶ûѪ
ƺԶţվѪʧĵطͷȥȻǽϵƬմŰ߰Ѫۣʱ˼ƽϣüȻһɡ
ĻͻȻ˶ߣǴʲô˲õĶȥǽǣǷļǺţǾڸ
ȱ˷Ӧɿ˳ȥѭżǺŵָһ·񱼡
׿ӦСƺ׷ϣİ˼ƣܿ쵽һСԺ
˲ţطԺǽֱԺ
ƺ˸ۣȥڵԺţһƱ㿪ˡ
׿ӦУ
˷ʧ̬֮ǰĸҽˡ
ӦӷͷеңѲԵĻۣкûü򣬱㱻£һȵĻ
ɻ
§ڻʶס·ǰƵأҡ
类һת۽ǣſվŵˣʱε࣬Ѵƴƣأɿ
ɣ˽ڻִֵɰˣ
ܳʲô£Сëʰˣ߳ŭ̧ݺһ¡
ʹҧţǲ֣Ҷ౧һ
۽ƺϴЦֱ޵ݣҧгݵǰɣ
Ҫû㣬һҲû˼ʲôļⱻšһѣװףǰܾûдʱˣҪԵҪƤҪǴңҾһ㡣
粻֪⳪һֻöѪͻͻֱ˿ıɱѵĳ嶯
׿ӦмƺеվſڿϷ첲⵷˵֪û£
ƺִ̧ϣЦЦҲǺ磬үּǺ֮ǰҿǲԺǽƬѪ֪ûˣµӦ𡣡
˿ҲųƺˣЩ׵۾ʱֺȦ硭
ع˵ôƺȻʵģⲻҲһ䡣
ҵһŲп˵ʧѪЩࡣ鼱еס󣬡үɣ
û˴ġǯơܺˮƵԶԶģܵƺվš
ЩͷвǶôҩҲаɣϲˣﻹУ
Ĳ黳һ
ŲˣŲɷ˵ذק


117 
˽ȥ, ƺ׿ӦкԺʯߣ齲һ顣
ʵһĻҲȻ龭ǵĲ²òࡣ
ؼҵ·, Ǽ, Ż, һߣԷ֡
ۿ˻жԷ, ȥע⡣
װ֣ţԷṩ˿ɳ֮, һ˱һ顣
ؼʱ̣ͻȻ˹ǰһ
ؿ, ˺ܶѪʱæУû˵Ϲ, ǽһǿ̲Ѫġε, Сӣܻóȥһ㹦򲻻㶸ϳ塣һ, ˿񣬿вƵذʣµļ˸, ǹﲻ֪ôáȴ˻ؼң˼Ǻ֮, ڸҽﾾ˸йղմķʲô裿
ƺЦţ鷢ʲô裬үͷʲô衣
ޣҲ˵սҲǾþɳմһζûУҸôã˵ߣȻûкɫƽǸԳֵģȻװģؼʱӶûˣ
̶³һ̣⡣
С죺ƾʲôǰѳŵˡ
׿ӦпȻΣ۵ȴһڵۣҲ֪λŮкʵֻӲˡ
ôʵ
ε̾˿ؿԼ磬Ѫò٣ʵϱܿҪҪǻǵӹǣټǶŽҩأֻع֪
İɣˣ仰ɫףԱߣ֣ǣûǣ
ƺɻüôͳˣ
˭Ҫͷţ۾ҪϹˡ˸ۣǹû¡
׿Ӧڴۣۻ˰ɡ
ֽԼԼ͸һݵӰڲᡣ
ƺ״˼֡
̣ζӴˣȢϱס
¶ƣɫ֧ʯϳ°ͣôΪȥڸ߸ֺƵġͶ˼кøУһ̽ȥҲˡС챿ղſһߣʲô˵Ϸ̨Щ˻ࡣҸղſ޿䷢ǸģҪֱһ١
ɽ˺ʲôģһ붼ˡ
ôһŮӸΪ鵲ʲôѾԣһãԼҪǲȢ˼ңǼֱֵһŸĺ
ܲͷƺһ°ͣô˵仰
ƺ̲ؿô
ϼҴִ񣬳ûҪĸعһ𣬾ߡ
༸һĬԺնʱѹ֡
عǲ⣬ﶼԼжϣò֤ܸ¶ǶӣֶβνһǸףǸûһ𡣡ָû棬ᶨȻ֣ǹԼСȥΪǺãҲΪǺá
ƺû׿ӦˣҲЩΪѡ
⻰˵ǼֱǱ˷ŪȫǿŹӲܳŵڣʵڽκηˡ
ɡ顱ȷʵ˵ߣƺңһȷ
ƺʹ־þɳ˶סһé®ȱԵ꣬飬Ǽֱǰѻųõ
ƺȻ˵Ҳͬ˵
ĿǰĪ⣬һҪŶԷ͵ϮһҪѰĻʹʵûйڲĶӡ
Ҳʲôʽ𣬶ⲻҪ˸顣
뿪򵥵İ취
紹̴𻰣ƺü΢˼׿Ӧʱʱڴһۣ촽һԡ
סߴٵʲôʱôѶˣ
׿ӦﲻˬƺȻѶϣֻƴ¡ҲǳڲԼ㷢ԣֻؿ˴һۡ
ʯ̴ڵ¶ֲѶϣǾ˿ү˵ûѵô鿪ڡ
ǰ⺢ƽô궼Уúܡô˵ߣü˵ܸƴ뿪϶ԸضҪ˵үĴδôһ˹͵
һӣջ˵ʲôѣôʲôҪԼǳһԱ͵÷
л֪Ȼû£ϣ侲ƺؿһۣĿвԹǶһϣŶǱнֹ˵ûɼ֮Ҳ飬빲ôΣҲûôĮ
£ͬĿôǵúúÿǣû⣬п˺飬ǻѪظǳΪΪһͰڰ·ġ
һ΢촽΢΢˼£ҪΪԼ粵й˫ٿڡ
ӣҳл˵
֪˵ʲôȻ̫ԸֲסƵĿ⣬㬵ظСԺ
￴˿ǰƺ׿ӦˣԼ»ҪȥʦүҿһۣҴҵ뿪
Ժˣƺƣ§׿ӦУ°ʹϣЩζʵôźð
˵öԣֱ׸߲ʣҲӦ֮ĸ顣׿ӦգƺĻޱԺзһů
ƺ˿ǣҲΪˣҲŶء
֮Уάģֻʵ⣬
ȥһģպ÷ִ磬˵ҵġ׿ӦȰȰعȥɻ߱ĵطˣΣաΪع￼ǣӦӦҲԳλعﵽû⣬ǶӣȻǲ뿪ġ
ƺ̾˿У֣ѵľͲôȶˣ޶㣬ҿɲί
׿ӦЦʲôίֲں
ҲУںƺʳָۣȻô˵УҾȥô˵
Ϸǵ㣬СԺ¹࣬һ԰ˣŷ·͵Ƭ̰
׿ӦпƺУһ䣬˿˸ݵβͣеľⶼӿЩ˯
Ȼ䣬ƺϣˣǶӣϲ飬ԸңҲ͵ԶԶģǹϰӡ
׿ӦԺá
û˵꣬ӱ˺Ƶģ磬Ϊǲң


118 ִ
ƺ׿Ӧлͷ, վڷ⣬ﻹһͭˮĿؿǡ
ɫ۵ף˾ǧ֮
Ҳ̫, żҪ˯ȥ, ˾, ûʱܱߵĶ
Ҳû뵽⻰Ȼ˴ķӦ
ƺɻüңҲʲô
Ƕ, ҲûôϵΪβҵжϣһ߽ʧ, һ˿ίľôô
׿Ӧ飬΢΢üͷˡ
ûʲô, ôģһֱ֪Ҳǵһˡ鿴ƺ, Цɵ, ҾԲһǴԲԣò˵, Ҷס
ƺ۾
ǿ, ƺӣ޹۾ֺ, ƺֻһҹ֮䣬ͱ֮ǰаȡ֮Ҫһеĳء
ȣҲ˵ƺȥչ˺عٺúġ
㡣顰һͭˮ棬תҪߣȴͣסţƫƫͷȴûпǣȻͱˣһߣҲί
˵գ󲽻ۡһŹϡ
׿Ӧεƺ˵ʲô¶ȥ
ôôƺίͰͣ׿Ӧеļ򣬰ѹͷ㿴Ǹɫ·һ̾ҪȥɱƵġ
Ӳѣαں˵ʲô
㲻ѣҲôҰɣͲҡ
Ϊұ˽㡣׿Ӧץƺϸ磬Ϊ˽⣬Ρ
ƺֿݰӣĦԼĺ׿Ӧжʲ˲䣺ҸǳСʶô꣬Ȳʶô¡
Һһô׿Ӧƫͷ
˵ﲻһ
ƺʹƫҪ˵ĻԷϿڣˣҧĶߴٵ˵
ϲ㣬㣬Ȼ˸˽㡣׿ӦбŪö䷢ε˰ɣôƫЩ
˻иȺˣƺֱ׳ҵȺþ㣬Ͱ˵ϲҡ
ոշԺſڵʹ
ҧгݣⶼʲôŻоô
ԺǽƴƺͶԶ㣡
Ͼ磺⡣
ڴ˶Ƣͷͣѻ˲ſӣԼۡ
ǻŭײһǻʱɢʲôҲʹˡ
֪ǶԼңڻĿ޷ܣȴҲṳ̈˼ҶԼ⣬ֻɫؿԺôС֣ǽ½ҹ˱Ƶߡ
Ȼ˴˼û˵ȴҲһͷ
ߵԺƺҪı˼˵ʱJùǺ
˿̴ȻѧһͷƤ飬ʿɶֹɡ
ƫԼࡣ
磺
ҹĴȷʵͬǰԼ뷨鶼ŵģ˽ദҲ¶̫ԣڲҪ¶ˣ⻹ôˣ
סӣһ·ְڣ߳ŭʣ㵽ô
ָֻյޱ飬۵׻һ˿Ц⣬翴Щ⡣
ջ˰ˣ
£
ʲôµģҧҧ촽ǲñ˵л
簢С飬ĸ˵лˣ˭ϵң
ݺݶ˶ţҲС
ΪβУЩʶˣ㻹ں˭뷨
ҡ
㣬ҶġƽµǽߣֳֻǽϣԼУ㲻ϣҲ֪⡣˽֮ҾʹҸʶǵط˵Ҿ͸ǣҴǿȵ㡣
ֻҪأҾǱɻҲûϵЦŴͷĽëֻ仨
һͨĪϥЩǰ΢΢ƫͷҪǹ鲻ԽۣƬ̺ȴָֻܵԼĴϡ
ۺŭŴˣң
Ŀƣ㺦ҵģҪ㣬´һ˫ˡ

ҩζ¯Ϸżҩɰ΢΢ðŰ̡
գܷ磬Ŵյʵʵ
ǰͷ飬˫Ŀ죬ض
ŮͻȻΪһĻԺи֣ǲ嵱ʱȫ棬ֻǵý̽ؿڵһ̡
ʱӦǺܿģȴü仺ʱǿ־ɫдųÿһѪ
ͻȻһʣͬܡȴԼĿڻҪۣ
Щף˿棬Ļ֪ΪҪйӰһôʱܳ
ˣŴײ԰ֽŮ૵ôô˭Ҫȣʲôˣ
ǵڿԼǶģεдһ˿ɬ糺˫ձߵϼҪÿ
ǶԼ֮ͶѣƤһġ顱ôֵöԷ
˵ˣΪʲôҪ
Ϲҩ֮ʱ˯ʱѣ˿૽֣򡭡
˫⶯ţ壬У㹻
˵ߣס֣أ
˫Ŀգ·ǱʲôجסˣëҲü졭㡢㿪
Ҷ㿪ˣģû¡
޹ǵСԼϣƫͷȥģû˶ǶɵСӣֻ㡭ֻ㿴ҡһỤ㣬ԺҲί
ҡûСί
ԣ͵̧ͷ˹΢΢
ڸоôŵشս˿ڻ𣿰ʵʲôһۣ
ѵؼһ΢Цû£Ҿ͡ˡ
иŵػͷ¯ڼҩһйΣȵһǿˣҩһܺõøЩȥҩûС
Ҫȴֲš
򡭡硭Ůؿߡ
úúãҲߣߡصǰ
ҡе䡭
鿴ϸﶬĺӣ¶ͷѾ˺ˮȻ䣬㲻ȥţȻȵ֡
ôˣļ٣𷺺۾Ͱ͵ضԼһᣬڴͷļ򣬽űرڻðˡ
΢΢ͷ˹ǣڡƭˡһӵ
԰׵ոһĨ΢죬˵յĻǺߣ˴ŵģЦݱȻޣȴۡ
ϲ߼ŵ˵һһֱ㡣
Ȼǡϲġ
ޱߵֱ֮ǰ˵ҪȢĻҪġ
̧ҡ㡭鷳˰ɣ
ɵϡֱۣ˻ůӣôôɵˣ
лҪ˵
գ˫һ°~
ȻҲûжܿˡ
ףСǶ˳ĵö\(^o^)/~


119 
ƺ׿ӦԼʱ뿪, ´Ӧ
صջ֮׿Ӧбƾż䣬ģĴ໭ֽϣȻƺߴ˯˼ʱ
ʱʱ, ȥøһͼ, ҲһݿʼĴ
ɵǺôЩ, һʱƺʹӵСʳЩ
йһ, ˻ұϴࡣСһߵˮһŬ䡣
ɽʲôţ
ʲôţŶԣţ
׿ӦмʣǵĴͼǷһ£
Сͷ, ˼͹ٿΪСˣ˭Ҳûû¶͵µϰߣСлĿǴģҲ˵, ҿɲҴƱ˵ǹš
ƺʲô֪𣿡
˽һ㣬˵һǰڽո¶ͷǣҲƽƽ, ûɹʲô¶С룬, ȥǺμӹִᣬҲûʲôˮǿʤ, ŵ˵ءҲ˵٩ǵĹУӡ󡣡
û˵ǵš׿ӦȻ, ܣԽºǸȤ, ȴԹδţûдƬ
ƺʵСŵ˶ʹʲôǼȻμӹִᣬܵжžѧɣ
žѧûֻ˵ǴӲжôȺܡС룬Ҽأһ߸ˣź·ѹѹһƬӣһȺѻ
ƺĵȺܵڣôһ֣󷨡
׿Ӧ׽࣬ĵʵſʲôӪأͽô˭
⡭Сͷû˵ţҲǶͽĸʾͽҲûȥɣӪԼ˵ǰ͹ڣ˹󣬵ƺҲҪ
֪Ķôƺʵ
˵ڳ⣬Լķ򣬳˳ǻԶҲ֪Ķɽɡ
֣ƺ׿Ӧ̶һۡ
λ͹ôôȤСɫƺʲô£ʣҪᣬҶǵ۹ôˡ
׿Ӧ⣺ôô˵
ûǵ¶ˡСǹȥɢ̯˰ɡҲû˵˭ǴӹġѲɰˣ
ʳͽ˷ݣĵСƺһЦ˵˾䡰͹áϹȥкǡ
ƺ˼Ž׿Ӧǰĵ㣬úòǵüɿڣҿ㱳ô죬綼ˡ
Ƥ񡣡׿ӦеһۣһӴٵߺݺҧһڡ
ƺٺֱ֣ĿϸƤϣ˳ֱ뵽첲Ÿ첲뵽󱳡Ϊ˻Լǰ覵ļһªİ̺ۣ;ۡ
磬м¶˵׿Ӧб߳ԱߵЩò׼
ƺʳָ˵üģЦ˵ʲô˵ò׼ãԼ¡
ϵǼŵˣɱǼٵʿ֮󣬺ǶҲҪʲô󷨡ʱķûǸϵɴذǽˣҲûü󡣵ϸһ£õĺһ󡣡
һ󣿡ƺǸճ۸ϵǴһ
׿ӦСšһ۾Ϊ˵ģӡر̡
ζƺһЦˣ֪˻ԼóȻ¶ڻ
˼ˡ
ǰҲ˼׿Ӧк˿࣬Ͼؿ۸ǲӦϷİɣҵˣӦ۸ıôһأǲʲô¶һ֪
ƺ
ԥһ£ѡ̹ףԭƻҲŷ˲ӣӦǶ滻ˣûȥʸҲͶˡ
㷢ǵĿңΪҵһɣ
ԡƺɴϣ̧׿Ӧв˲ǣ۵׷Ц⣬һ˶ֵˣ
׿ӦвЦ֮ǰȷϣþβʾȥ۸ģĳף֮жĥɱ¿ɱҵģ϶ҲǣѲžĳ׵£ǵճͺˣԲԣ
ƺ䲻ϣ˵ȷʵеţĳ׳һֱ⣬ȷʵһֱ㡣
֮ǰ۸ɱңҲڵãΪεڣʲô֪ˣҶ˵Ҳ㲻вȴҪô׿Ӧɻ㵱ǴӺε֪һ⵽ǲǹŵĶ󷨣
һ󲢲ǹŵĹҵһο˵ҲȤǰ常ƽҰڷݳԷʱżȻһؤܣõľ󷨡
׿Ӧؤ
ƺͷԣؤ֮Եģߺǵһ󣬵ʱڶ¥¶̨ǿ㶼ƽȥ常ʱһ£Ҳѹ
Щؤôؤˣ
񣬽ʿɣŵС˵׼ȷһǰո¶ͷǣǾ˵һѧģߡ
׿Ӧһӿڵǰؤ˹ţ
ƲˡƺҶǰؤûκιڣǲǴŲҪҪ˭
ţ˵Ҳ֣Դǽ˹ǣĳ׵伣Ƶģڸô
ƺΪҲˣ
ȻֱӣüĿⶼ˼֣׿Ӧмüһţʶȥƽôˣ
ƺסĳ׼Ȼõʦ壬˵ƻ֪ģĻ˭ʹѾҪˣΪĳһȫغϣڣҪɱңĳҪҡ
Ҫź㣬Ҫһһжһʯһ㵥֣㱻ٵӸѣȻһɱ練ƣֻû뵽һἰʱϵ
һ棬֪飬Ҳ֪𡣡׿Ӧƺ˼ɫӿڵ˵֮ǰû취Ļ͵ϮΪ˸ᣬô޷˵س浲һĸԸȦ
شϣȣСУ˾ȡ
Ȼ뵽ϣ׿ӦĪñ巢
ҹԷĲãѾĳ˼ܣŷĽ˵˼ֱսƻ
һ׿ӦиףɱɱԼʵҪҪģǰШŵС
ԷȫƺʶıֻҪϹ㹻ˡ
ƺ뿪ȻֵܷĿ۵Ӹ⣬ŵ˱Բ˵ԭĬҲᱻϴ
ƺ߼ӣ鶨Ȼ죬ֵ֮ͬѱҲпɳ֮
Բƺôⲻʹʧһ֣֮Ĺᷢչʲôزʵƿء
ż޼䣬ĬⲿȡʤǾֻ׼ĵط͸ȥڲ߽⡣
ʵǸ
лҪ˵
һָ·£Զˡ


120 ϸ
ƺɫ, ݺһȭ顱һ˲Ŀ
Сŵøæܹ͹٣ﲻ, ܸС˵
û, ޹ء׿Ӧз·Ǯ, ƺ뿪
Ĵţƺһֱû, ˼ʲôɫѿ÷·һ̾Ҫȥǡ
׿ӦпҲƴ취, ˵ǶӣϾûƾʵݣҹ֮¿ֻɺϣ뵽һ, ԼƷ뷨
ûôɺϣɺǶˣضǱ˰źõġ
һƺ
û֤, ƺܲ⣬ǶôΪ, ˵һ⡣
ۣǰӢ۵ʱһʱֱ鰮סͷ, ô˵ġ
ҹƺ̬ѾǸˡ
, ǻóȥ鵲, ǼҡΪпܡ
浽һǳ׻زͷˡ
ĬĬ߳ʮȥƺ׿ӦһۣݣĲ̣ļͷɵû¶Һú룬ƴңɣҿ״綢Ҳù
ԼһŹ˾ҪǿջЦοԼ׿ӦĿһɬס֣ˣǶҲûν˵Ҳһӣһϣδع˵˽ǵ״̽ʲôѯʣ˵Ҳܾһ˿
ƺ仳Ƿ򣬱Ͼ⺢ȱţǳӽԼĿģ͵ڳԼûʲô
Ҫǵһλģܾͻų뷨鵥棬һἫΪ飬һǣҲԼ߷·
ϲ𣬱㲻׷ֵģ򲻵࣬ıԷ˵ϡ飬ҲᱧԷͷĻ룬ȹಽ
¾һ˫н϶ԵˣǱһɣϴˣɶ˻ȥ޻ء
ƺҲ֪׿Ӧô˵Ϊ˰οԼҲöԷһ£صͷţԽ˷ĸԽҪ򵥻ⱻ̬ǣűߡҲĳ˭˳ŹźڣҵƽҰ˵
˼Ǵ̽ŵһûеõͬǵС˵òࡣ
֮Ǳȥ˸ãｻѶϢҲظԼһ֮ڸ¥Ⱥ
ԺٰĹʦүڲ¥ƺʹ˸ɫʾϡ
ƺ׿ӦиﴩֹСͣһƧСԺ⡣ᳵ·ؿŴǽȥ˵ƹʦүס
ȥ˵ġЦ
⴦ԺԴЩͥԺһøߴ֦ͩҶïգֱҪԺӶĵô˴ʮ
һһΣ׿Ӧмƺ۾΢졢٣ЪһԼȥ
ʵʦүأԷ
һѹñΣͷţɢһֱ˯š
׿Ӧаһӣ˼ֹ
ģ˲￴˼ЦɢƵģ߳涬ʱ״̬ÿհιЩˮ˻һЩô𵽵ұٹȡԵĹЧѵʱ߷˵վԺУʵ¡
׿Ӧ죺治а㻳ɣ
ͨĻһ㾯ѣЩģҲ̫ȥ
⵹Ҳǣ׿Ӧĵƺ˵йβԼһӶֲˡ
ƺȷʵЩƣۣмֱ۾˯ţʼձһңȻʱ̲ҷɣ׿Ӧк˵Ż΢΢ۣЩɥȥץ
׿ӦиհӷԱߣͱ̬ЩŤſϣûѣ˽ס
Ծӣȥˮ衣
ҡҡλΣ֨¡֨¡죬׿ӦвҶ°Ūɢܣƺεɿҡ
˵˵žɥʲôƺ§ϸ֫иôѹڻĪ̤ʵ۾ʵ
û뵽Լôһϸ΢Ӳķۣ׿ӦҲװʵʵҲûʲôǾǣ޹ƽ΢е㲻ڡ
־ƺ̫ԷԵԼվ˵ۣͷƺָֻͣôһҲ֪ΪѣЩʱȡǳֶΣġ
ͺáƺݸһЦ
ƽʵ޴ӱ⣬Ҳ⡣
׿Ӧſ૵֮£ûоģͬҪǵزͬþԵĶȥˣˡ
ƺۣ˵ģͬҪǵزͬǶԣҪ׷Ѱƶ˵ıΪڵǧڹʦүԣҲĵȷȷˣʧȥ˼յɡ
Ƚϣƺ¸ҪһЩÿ˶ѡȨûͬ⣬Ͼȡ棬ǲסվϣܵвȺͿ־壬˭ԸأĲͬŻᵼĶֲǿȶԷȥ⡣
ʱҲû취õɣһ֪򵥿֣ҽҪͷҲôҲҪµʱҪܽ˺͡⣬ԹԣǸܵľ͵š
ô࣬۲۰׿Ӧпؿڣ˵
÷Լǵɥֱ飬ԼҲǲ̫ôǱ˵ˣֻǱβùɲǼͬܶѣû뵽ȴƺʹ㡣
ȴֳһ֮µģλıҵΡ
ƺи̾ܵļ尾һ΢Ĵ۰ˣǵĻ֣̿ʲôء
дܻͣס׵İգǳԵñůˣҲһ¡
ȣ̫˽ˡ׿Ӧеҿûô⿼ǣԭ˼ȫԼʦϣڶһ㣬Ƕ۶£͹ˣһװ¡ûġ
ƺ޷òŸģôô˽ᣬҲòŹܱˣʵʵܣҪжڡ
ȿȡɿŲ̳λԾָ״̬
׿ӦлŵشڹñϣƺĶӡģסЦ
ƺһĲ̽ﻺһڲ裺ջЩ
ٸԹŵȽǼ¼ڰģȻϸЩ߹˼ٱڿдĿһЩ
ԼǰڸõĴ浵дĵַڳδɽĵڶٷϡƴʱʮ꣬ˣ󷨼ŵ࣬ͽҲԹǸǰǮ˳·Ļżһڡ
׿ӦеǵС˵ĵҲûʲô롣
ƺڰطʣƴòΣлʲôʲô˲ұϴࣿ޸ϸļ¼
⵹ûУƴΪأٳ֣۵˵˼ˣˣûʲôˡӻͳҳֽƺǰЩ¼ܰǸŻϵһ𡣡
Ż֣ƺǼҳֽ׿Ӧϸϸ
ŻΪŴ׿Ӧ⡣
̴Ƶ˵˼죬ǶŹ£ŻǹǽеĺѡƱ޲ס֪аŻ⣬ڽǰãŻĹ¯ӷ˱ը˻֡ҿ¥ʱ֣ҪȻһƬ̶ꡣ
ɰв޼أ֮أƺＸֽ
ݲ˵Ż꣬δ¯ը¼Ϊ˴еȥˣֳյһƬ䣬ûӳîҲˡŻ˹ŲǮʧįʱ򱻾նȥ˵¶ķò׽Ķٴ̧ͷӴһʰû£ͰѼҵܹˡ
ϴֻ鵽Żʧٰû˵ǰ飬׿Ӧзֽϼ¼ӣʶЩʧٹҲΪűҪԭԼ˸ָʧ
˻Ҳ֣ˮȵȲһ㣬Ϊ֤ݲ˱һͳһЩ̶йӴʱҲᵽ
׿Ӧʵûҹŵʻô
˵ʱҲ˰ɣƺɫôȻҪΪϲߡ
ҡҡͷҲûܣԼˣڳɢʵҥԣ¹ϣٸϼӰһס
Ӵ⵨ӵǲСȸ״ô׿Ӧз߷߲ƽ
ƺЦ֪Щû֤ݣԵһҡŵô
˼ĵط۾ζЦЦ¶ڴԼ߰˸֮ǰҪ˵Ǹŵӣڸ¼깩֮󣬾Ȼˣ
ôö˶˵Ļ׿Ӧɵʲô۲Ӧһֱô
ƺһһղӡ
ƺȻǲ۰참ʧ󣬰һѶǲʬʱϣбŹĺۼʬضΪǱ̱ƹŹ
ȫСҴһС׳ġһʱˣֵ۲Ҹ֪˲С׽´󣡲ָϹŵӼͬҲأѯʣ϶Լһ£Ҫ£Ҫô֪ٸ참
׿Ӧи˵ƵֱۣǾȻҸٸа壿Ͳʧô
ô棬Ȼʧءƺ۱ȲùûƷºױϼƳȥ££һᾡѹǲǣ磿
ͷµļΪϢˣǹѰһߣ˵ʦȷʵ뿪ˣ£˽´ӸѰ˵·ѣ֮ⲻԶصã͵͵ѹȥӵĹʸˣʬҲĴˣ´δ֮ŵûٸ۲Ҳû˸ȥǡ
һϹٸ죿Ҳ̫ĺˣЩӣôĸԸӦΪ׿Ӧвզ࣬Ϊأܻȥµķʽһޡ
żն׿ӦгԹķ࣬ƺ쵽ǿװ򶨣ĺס
ĻЩӦǱŵ˸ˣͶ·˸ԣȻΪԷ¡ߡĳĳҹı£û뵽ЩҰ֮ͽ
ǵľǰƲãҲΪЩ˸ڸǷƺ룬ȻŻ˱ſƣû׼ƽҰһǾȥٷ̽


121 
֪ƺ˰, Ҳ˸浵Ĺͼ
ͼ֮ǰڻƵҪϸöܹ࣬ؿ޳δɽķֲ
ʢ󣬿ɽδɽУһ峤͹ŵٷ, ̲ŷḻĿʯ, ֻٷ廹δ, Ŀǰ༯ڳϡ
ȻʵӪȨټ, ӪȨ·Ÿ˵ģɿҵʮʢֻǹΪϸ, ˰Ҳߡ
ϴƺ˵ʮ˼ʮϽͨڲܣʯôǱ߳, ﵽʱﵽʱҲϢġ
ʮ, ɽ֮󣬵θ, ֲģÿҹĻ£÷ɲ, ټϴǰشѣ˵лпԩҹڴε, ʹô˵˼⣬ûԸ̤㡣
ȻѾ, ɽ棬δɵɽ壬ߺˣǲ˼
ڵٷ壬δɽĵڶ壬ڳ̸֮ɫ޳󣬾ٷ弰˫棬ϵɽռ
ٷ弰˫к췷ɽ壬಻Զӡ
׽ֻ̫λʱȥδɽȫ̿̽˵Ǵɳȥʮˣӳʼĩ˵측Ϊֹշؾǵֻʣʮˣδɽ޳֮УмԲᡣ
δɽ̫վʵҲȥû˿̽Ҵĵͼһֱõڡ
׿Ӧϸͼֽʱġһ飬ͼǧɽֶӡС
ԺʰͣȥСԺŵ֪˴硣
￴һ۴ʵжΰţ
ƺʴΣ
ǵҩãټźƵźҿѾȶ˾üúţƼµˡжΪҪͬС
ЦҲԸ뿪˾͸ƵģȥéǴ粽롣
ƺƬ̣㣬飬˵زȫҴǺȥ԰
Ȼû˵ʲôǲģʿԷΪְֻԥһ£ͷӦ
ŵд»գ԰ﻹػأ˵Ӧǰȫġ
ƺ˿׿ӦСʹɽв֪ʲôأûǰжôǾͳ
ͷ
磬ȻȥѹʦүźãдүȥһЩƥʶ;һ㣬гɣҸ˵һ°š
뿪ȥ顣
Ƭ̺ųƺʯߣת
Ŀԣһɼ˼˰ίĵȻʱȦ
֪Լ˵ûˣ磬ܵôۣҲ޷ΪԼȷʵвĵط
ֻǣԼѾˣϣ۹⿴
ƺûʲô
ߵǰڨڨ硣
һһҹûô˯۾ﲼѪ˿°ðĺ磬ʮɥ
ӴôˣһǵСȰȵͦ˵ءƺȴº͵ģ°ָָԱߵʯʣɡ
̬ȲãҵǸ鴹ͷɥ磬ҡ
ƺ⸱겻ǵģҲΣϲ𣿡
û뵽ƺʵôֱӣһе㲻˼ͷš
ǧḻǴҲǴϽͷһ⣬֪¶˵û˵淴׸ôִ磬ʵͷԡ
ֻ辶ˡ
飬ҡи磬硢ү㣬ǶΣ
ȻǼõġ鲻˼еǽô࣬ΣҲңȻżЦңҲΪҺã׵ġ
ƺĳԹǧ޾壬һѹǰңĬ֮⣬ҪıǡΡ֡
ȻǣȲͣô˵ǻͷˣ֪ҲһҵģȻξͲҳԲԣ
ǵȻ˵Σ̲ˮò۷κ£ͬ۵Σ𣿡¹£ƺĿƵض飬ĪЩ顣
ӣۣס
ǳúģֻˣܷİѺ󱳽Էǲǣ
ǡ
ƺһִ̧ļϣ£飬㳤ˣԼ£һʱû뵽һȥҲû֮䣬뷨ܻͬìܣһˣ㳳ͷҲҪȥɶԷģ𣿡
ͷף磬˵ʲôҶġ
ƺһһ￴ǷĲµģ룬ɣ˵Զ㣬㵱ܸҷ
Һ硢үагȥԶһЩδܸϻҪչعУҰŷ㣬Ӧ㡣
ϸһĨΣϴҺˣҪŷȥɣֲչ𡣡
ƺⲻһве⣬ǳŵĹءˣϻ˵˵δذȫȥ԰סȥʰɡ
ֹšһߣͣסţͷƺ硣
ţ
˵úŻΣиأǲʶãΪʲôôҲΪΪܲô
ƺ
ǣûУǲһ
˵䲻ģΰУΪҴһͿǳھ顢۲;ԣɵСӣ㻹Զء
⻰ֲ˵⺢飬ȥ㲻ûұ䣬ǧֻᡣ
ǵҲδأʼһҲûңвôƺԳһЦһóô
ûϵԷôشȷʵҲʱãеĻôжһΪǳģ
ƺߵǰûʲôý㣬ֻܿԼ۲жϡҲˡﶼзģֻΪ⣬ѶΪ֮
֪ʲôҲԸ⻳һôõˡͷµܣ鲻ԽһԼܱɡ
ƺͷһ§ĺ󱳡
ļͷ޵øһŮӣΪңû˰ҪҲ̫ˡ
û£кأҶġ
ƺҲܣαأѺӱƳ
˭ɻţ˭һֱϾ
һ治ô
벻¶ȱţǼ⣬ʱҲǼĵһѳߡ˵ˣȥʰɡ
֮ˣƺʯߣԼͬϡտҹշ㶡
˺һƺŵ㣬ζ¶ˡĺܸɾ뻤һҲֿҲ̫ᡣ
ʲôⶼӦõġ翴ԥƬ̣ŤͷЩȻ˵жעⰲȫ
ƺЦЦģһῴ˺ôү
һѾؿһۣվҲû
ʱ׿ӦкʹߵԺţǳڵţԳˡ
Ķ࣬·ץҩȫңΪšñӰʵʵСᱧһ·ߵ⣬ŷŽ
硭Ժѹ飬ǡҪȥĶ
ȥȫĵطҸ㡣
ûϵ㣬ȥĶС
ϼһƥ鱧ڳݳڳ⡣ʣƥƺ׿Ӧһһƥȥ԰Ǵк
ȡƺĽ飬˵סţҴһҲ˲ϺѣʵүǲҼүŶˣ
ʱûСƺβסʧЩȥ׷顣
ͷãǡעⰲȫ
ƺԴǸǰ߶ţǾ԰԰ȫѼͬ۰ϣи㡣
үү֣ǹүľɲס԰˳£๣үôɷˡ
ƽҰ԰ӣ԰ӵĹܼңȻҪͬСƺͻȻѹˣ鷳㽫˰õµң֮ҲҪܡ
ɫϾүѪԻᱣܡ
֮ȥ׼䣬ƺ׿Ӧſ̨ϣ
׿ӦмƺһƣɫԼСһĵÿɻ˳
ʵʲôû˵Ҫϣǡƺۣ§׿ӦеԼ룬һģױá
׿Ӧ̫Ѩֻ̫ǵ̬ܸоúÿǡ㣬֪⣬ΪλҪ԰
ƺڰ֣νǷҶƵģص֪ܶúǣһȥҲġ԰鲼أҲܷ̽
ԶNNݳϵǵİ½˵С
ϣ˱ͷؿջװҪĶãĶཻķǮ꼺ӹܹǲеļװͬһԽɢԽá
ٴη԰֮԰ĿͷȥϢԸΪҷڣǿ½˯þ
ƺû˯̤ʵԽú˯Խ˯ţò˯ˣȴǸŹֵΣ֪طȥ
ôһڣ׿ӦȻҲ˯ȣֲۣ֪ǺãԼСʱҹﰲԼٴ˯ԼһƵĳıӣ˵һܹѹҲ֪Ǻεҽһſƺϡ
ôһƺᱻѣ˭ֻ֪ԺػһСõӦ֮󣬱§˯˹ȥ֮ûҶ
Żԡ󷢼㣬ƺ˯̤̤ʵʵ׿ӦбҲ˯ˣ۵ʱ򣬶Ѿǰס
һԼſƺԼѹϽҪû뵽ϵͻȻս
׿ӦУ
ٱƺۣһ첲ҲȦˣȹ׿Ӧϣ˱š
׿Ӧб⸱ӶÿЦãô
ǳ˵㣬Ǳڻ̤ʵƺķ૵ۻûȴ¶һزūŽԪɫ
ʼʵĳУһ˯ӢǷ׿Ӧ鲻Խͷ򢡣
ԼѣˣǸóˡ
ٿԣһһյʱΣ
ôһֱеǧ׿Ӧƫͷôˣ
ƺûŲȥ׿ӦбǰľѴ̾˿
ȵϢ׿ӦеӣƤЩ΢΢ս
ҿҪзӦġḧƺͷǰ
ƺ̲סЦˣ̧ͷǼ˿ڣؿƬ̣ʵ˵Уе㺦¡
ǿ󣬵Լǰչ¶Ƭ̴׿ӦмΪθеģΪĹԮۡ
ǲ뵽ʲôˣ׿ӦйĲӣͷ֡
ûУǾǰһƺпµ顣
׿Ӧ룺Ϊ͵Ϯǵ˵Ļ
šʱҲû⣬죬Щ£žñиıƺ֪»ʲô˲Уϡ䣬жôӴܲһγڵ£ûüʩչǵжǹעһɸǸǺã
׿ӦΪȻĲ˵սթĳ׾˷ʤһйߺĳң֣ˣԹҲϾҪ˵⣬ϼѣỹҪԸ޷Ԥ뵽
һ˽ǣһ˾͵ÿȻһӣͺˡ
û£ѧ׿ӦгЦЦ㶻ô࣬ˡʲôħ֣ɱǣ赣ң
ƺüɫ΢ɣ۾ͬģϽ𣿡
׿ӦУаɡ
ƺԳԵЦˣôǿǷޣɺã
õúܣ׿Ӧʹĺ󱳣ҵĴϱ𴲣
Ķˣʵʵ⣡
ϴ֮󣬼ǳǧǾ䡰ϱԺ׷׿Ӧ˺üȦܵ˾ȡ
׿Ӧвǧջץסǽ׵ô෢顣
֮ƺһĨ죬ԭƬ̴ʧֳǸ³ţ޼᲻ݵĳӡ
Ӵһӣ׼
лҪ˵
Ұαůúܣ


122 ɽ
װ, ڳչӳ£Ҵ·
ʹһƥ׿Ӧкƺһ
ϴͬһƥʱ׿Ӧл鲻Ըƺ, ˿̵Ǵ󷽷ڶԷС
Ϊʲôֻƥƫͷƺ, жһ˿, ˽Ҳ̫Ȼ˰ɣ
ƺֱ׳ʡǮǵϻҪһƥĳ˵ҳԱ˳ŵġҲѧڼ, ⱻִš
׿ӦУ
˹Ȼʵ˼ǳͷ
һʱһʱǲǮô׿ӦпǿеԵؿУ·Ҳϵ, й˴̣ģһɽ£, ܰǮô
ƺΪȻѺǮ꣬޽ҪġǶɽ, Ȼʡʡԣ˵, ùһӷ硣
˵գһӿٶǰȥ
ɽзֺ, ˻ֻͽǰڶٷ塣
ʹеĻ, Է֪ٷϻиţֻҪɽȥ, ¶һ²Ҫ顣
ȻʲʲôҲֻм·
ŽȷʵϢģ˶˽ǵĶ򣬰ղҲ
ͷ¶β˵Ҫ׼ʲôˡ׿ӦЦ
ÿ˶ϵ˰ٴϵİװװ͸صҲءѵأЩԾɽɡ
ŵϰߣһװϵϰٴΪ˱ң嵶ҲᱳںϡװڲԹ̶סʣ֮Ҳˬճ˫֣ʱԮ
׿ӦвáᡱϱᣬɹʣṦãϳŵоٶȴ´ࡣ
յļоѾƹ˳壬ٷɽ£ʼɽ
ʱֵĩѾʮȣɽȻľдУס˾չ⣬¶Եͣȴǳʪз·һˮɵıĤ˴ͷŹܲ͸磬ûãϵ·ȫʪ͸ˡ
ٷȷʵɽ伸˹ĺۼ˵Ǽû·ϸźҶݸĻȥǳʪһСľͿܻ
˴ζͣ˷ɢһŲУһˤʱקƺǴУһԼʱͱֹסơ
Уֽǣ׿ӦУһΨֶԷûģ
˽յҲǺˮ׿Ӧе̫ۣĺ磬ɽɽ·Ѳҡ
ɽҲǸСܱôǽƺ˿ԱߵĴ˵ǿǵү粻ԸҲǣ֡


˶һۣ˴˼䶼΢΢¶飬ʶԷԶ˼
оһƺ´ˮԭ
а¶ѻĲҶһɶϸǴûж֮󣬲׿Ӧ¡
۸ĽҲɽͣŶɽİֻ죬ֲࡢˮĶͬһлҪ
ڴ˴ȱˮѾԼжϳϪˮλã˰ˮеˮȵò֮ѭϪȥˮ˳㿱츽Ρ
׿ӦбһôϢһ·ƺɽ򽻵
Ѳ㻹ϸΣաƺȡŵĵͲǧﾵɽϼΧϸϸţȺɽΡΰ˶أҲڸܣǡǾ׷ܣȻɽв֮Ե
ҰľïɽʯڵʵʵڸĴڣƺвЩ꣬ٷôһɽǲܰɽһȥˣǵѰ˵㼣ۼС
Ҳ֪Žַѡô˼ĵط᲻塣еĻǽ󽵵ѰٶȣҲܶѶȡ
ڷ񣬺زһ΢ĸO@쵽һಡضűߡ
ж߰׿ӦнŹؿűжڵϡƴŤߡ
ǰɫģϳźɫĻƣڵϵĸҶζʱȷԲ
ƺѾ͸ٶˣаϸϲ˶ѪŻ׿ӦУ˴ɽɲݣȳʪĵطѽҪСһ㡣
׿Ӧԭȥߣôһ˵Ҳգüײײƺ۸Ǳ߻ҲôǰִʱҲ᳣Щ
ֹľʱ򻹵ÿΪء
߸ô׿Ӧһ˵ܺóԣǸʦסһǳأû߸ʲôζ
ƺ۾⣬ֱЦãһѽקԭá
Ըƨ߸ڶΪ𶼲Ȼǻ̡˵꣬ȻĿ׿ӦУ㽲Ұĳʶ
ҵǰŪĻᣬƺϲ˺һ׿ӦҲϸʱʱڵϻ£Ȩ˼¼
棬ƺΪãԽ˵ԽعܣְһЩҰˡҰݺ׿ӦЩԳԣЩܳԡ
һ˵ԽƯĶԽжԣһҪСģҲҪȥƺҵһСڴ߱ŲףҪժһЩȷǷжֲһôϡ
׿ӦжЩʢĺģÿĶûжô
ҲδءһЩİ취ȻȫžжĿԣųжֲƺԱקһòݵʾȣζζԵľͲҪðճԡ
׿ӦдչȥǿòݣһСýģģ棬ƺ׽ʹꡣ
Ȼأλѧȫ֪ʲôһ׷ʡ
ƺȿȡɤӣӲʱ˵˼׿Ӧе֣ýʹߣһ£¶ǹǽ΢͹İ
Ȼ󣬿԰ֲ߹ӵ֦ҶƤϣꡣϴԼһյĹƤûк׷ͿԽһ
׿ӦпưǸݣԼӣĵصһ֮󷢾ЩԣһЦ鶾ᱡң
ƺԣһ٣ܲ˼࣬ʮֱ׳ʲôᱡģҵأһ㡣
ָ׿ӦУôԹ֮󣬾Ϳ԰ֲŵߣǴƤҲУްһ򣬸һû쳣Ϳž׽ʡ
оʲôף͸Ͻٺ³ˮĻͶˮһųһ㣬ʮʱ֮ûʲô⣬ǴԼǿʳõġƺƽǼܽ۸ֲﶯϸȫҲ̫ҪֱʶΧȫûֲ֪Ҳòôಽ衣
׿ӦЦЦŶΪҪأ
䵥ƺһκչɫűǿҲģ㲻뿪Ұ벽֪𣿡
ǧˡ׿ӦĿһۣ˹ǣֻܰô
ƺյøˣ
׿ӦУ
ѻƿնƺζɫȻˣ׿ӦҲߣǱ߷˽ӡ
ѭŷʹ뿪ķ׷˹ȥܿ쿴
ھϪԶĵطһ㼣
׿Ӧƺ£ϸӡǡ
ɽʵʵزȥӡаһӡֻģĺۼԴʩչṦӹ׿Ӧ˵գ̫ŵƺԲԣ
ƺصͷԡ
̶̳ȣǰˡָָǰǰ߻Уе˵ӡҲһЩȵҵģЩӡǸãǿԸŽӡߡҪʦŽɽϣһ̫ߣֲ֮ˣɽ̫鷳ӦҲˮԴĵط⸽ѰҸ׷
ãôߡƺүأ

Զ֦ҡ˼£Ӧ䣬֮࣬ҵСҲ˶˷ܣ˴ɽкܶƽԼĶ涾ݣջķᡣ
ƺܵذ׿Ӧе󣺡Զ㡣
һ·˶ҩûٲһЩҩˡ
ҽˣҽƺȫĵسޣָ£ǰ˸롱ƣҽߡ

˴Իǰѭ㼣·׿Ӧиƺߵ
߳ȥûԶƺ뵽ʲôƺ˵˾䡰ҪʴүӿŲ׷ȥ
ƺʵĶηֱҩʲôҩʲô˵⣬̲סǰ˺УЩҲҸ㽲
ġͷƺһۣ׿ӦелִװˣҪ׵㣬Ϊ˲ιӣԼҲҩðȳɿܣôԣܰϳòݣûӣԼˣһԴ׳󣬻ʱһ˴ˡ
׿ӦƺǸֺ࣬Ц֪ǹҪԼԷ£ŻӵԭǿЦ⣬ͷƺһ㡱
˻մҷԽԽˣƺȥһס׿ӦУϹ˵㺺ôôˣǴζصĵطݲźҹ
ƲƲ죬ִǰߣһһ߼ѰĶݶ档
ƺץ׿ӦеС죺ôࣿ
ǴиֲҩҶֽֽ̣ؼʱ̻ܰæһ·Ҫչˡ׿Ӧƫͷ۽ǿⶼҪ᣿
˭Ҳ˵㡣
׿Ӧаڰ֣Ҳûô
ƺ
Ҿ⻰˲
ǰߵĴԣͷƺһۣ黹ģֻЩԹЩԹ·һĿߡ
ƺյ񣬹֣׿Ӧеļ򣺡ȥɣʲôʣǰƣֽѧվǳ֪ҪСÿƬҶÿ涼㽲
ôƣ׿Ӧ˵ҩҲڣ䷽ڸתһȦֲָֻʪȵеֲ²׿Ӧз
ƺǧﾵʱʱȻ˼Ҷ֦ïʢڵԺǿԾɱ˶ߣͻɫһݣǰͣ
лҪ˵
ǧﾵݴУ㱾ԭ
У֪
ڱǰһˡ


123 
Ӧֹ, ͷ
ƺǰȥǧﾵݸ°ǰһ˵㣺㿴
ӹǧﾵָķһ, ͷȷʵе񡣡
˵ְǧﾵ˴
һľвõ, ǽơƺ׿Ӧн͵, ùַ֮Ϊ, ʾǸľԹ󴳵˱ǣͷͣȦͬʱҲᴥ˿, ֪Уǰȡж
׿Ӧǰľɻ󣺡˵Ҳϰˣβ, Եģѵױô
һַǲԵ, Ҳڸǣڸǲ, ÿÿȥ࣬ҲáƺӴӹǧﾵ׿Ӧǰ, ָԶļһְ취㿴Ǳߡ
׿ӦдǧﾵľƬ⿴ȥ, ⾵Ƭģ壬ҲǰʮľᵽǰƵ, ſ˰죬ŻȻ
Щ֦ǽȥģ
ƺͷȻ㹻ΣϸܿҲ㹻裬ǻ˱ˣδػע⵽ЩпײͽߣΪϵ⡣
߸ĳ׺ǹҲӦѾбĻأǶҪСġ
ȻѾڴ˴󷨣ǲ˵ѾԶˣ׿ӦʵǣΧأ
ƺ᲼Ĳ㡣
׿ӦզࣺôҪķѺܶʱ䣿
ǵҲδءԱ˵ܻͷۣǶԣѰѡ
ƺͷչ⣬Ƭ̣̫ͿɽˣȻ˻أͲжǾ϶Щ·ѰʵĵطӪȥ󡣡
ԼɽѰһΪƽ̹ĵ棬ж಻ԶͣûɽҲֻ¶ˡ
ȣ±¶٣û𣬳ıӺɣźøڣ˯ȥ
һҹƺʹֵأ׿Ӧ̺˯Ժо˰§˻ŵϤϢҲܵǻꡣ
ˣûۣʵ
šɽҹ¶ˮأЩƺ׿Ӧйã˯ȥ
ֹ˲֪೤ʱ䣬׿ӦתǸůĻˣ̧Աֳ̺뿪
ͻĿֻЩû˶վԶﻹ˯ţһ
¹͸Ҷ϶ڴϣӳ۵һһѾɫ
׿ӦһƬհףܳĽ첽ȥ
̫ˣûʣѾվ̬𼱣ֻڸѲ飬ԶȻҲһȥ
⻰׿Ӧе־ſʶԼ̫С֣·һֻ֮δʧء
Ŷǿ򶨣ͷ˿죬ŻһʱŻ򵥵ȥ˯ɣš
۾죬˿ȣһ䣺޷ѾϢˡ
׿Ӧ￴һۣЩ粻ڣҲ˯š
ƽʱǲֱ˵ĻֻǴ˿ķң֪Լ˵Щʲô
룬ãȥ˯㡣
׿ӦеͷĿʹȥһϢŬ˼
Ҳ֪ʲô̬ֻҪƺк뿪Ͷʱϰ¡Ȼʧ״̬ԼѿãԱһؿڹһԹµܡ
ȻҪڵְ𣬾ͲĶ⣬׿Ӧаǿѹ£Լñͷѣо
뱻ͲܳΪۣΪۣ͵Լǿ
Ҫñ˾Լǿ󣬾ҪһԼԵôΣǰҪԵ޼᲻ݡ
ԼĪʱ֮ɽ佥΢£ɫıң죬ҹĳϴ
׿Ӧоְԭ۾ɵԲ㲻ҷɡ
ԶҶĦɳɳʱȥֻһɫӰӴǰһձ㱻һ˫Ĵ
׿ӦУ
ƺһĿɿڴԼɵЦˣ̧üģһ¶ѣûѨôľͷƵģ
룬Ҫǵ֣ڼֱͬ衣׿Ӧε̾˿
ɵϣֵģмƺԲѣسü
׿ӦͳմȾ¶ˮЦǵȴ˼ˣ㵽ϻɡ
ƺ§סϸü䣺ã뽭㶼ʼıԺˣô뵱򡪡๫
๫ʲôô
ųӣߵﶼ˿䣬ʱɣյֻճúÿģȫ£һʮ㣬еʱʮʮںͷܰĵ·ͨ˶ֱӣΨֱĹâۡ
ȫ£׿Ӧǻ棬̲סЦ²Ҫҳ룿
ޣɴ£ɴ£õӣʲôɴԽԽãƺ̧ͷָָҵǲ㱡ɽƵӣҰеľɫ
˵üɫ裬׿ӦͻȻԼؿڵԹ֪ʲôʱɢƺ΢΢Щҵ죬ôоҿ㲻Ǹ÷졣
÷ôˣʳסУ¡λƺ׽ס֣Լؿڣ˵ϣڵŹ⣬ֻ÷죬㻹ҪҲҪ
׿ӦЦӯӯؿصͷҪҪˣ
ԶڵϵʹỰθڣֲҶظżԶľ뻥ʹɫ
ƺƳһۣüô
˸Żµı飺ǣģ
ü˵䡣
ҡҡͷҲϴùͷ㣡
ĿУ߶ͣ
üȥˣƤ»װ˯ƺϽ

Ĭѵ̵̺ӵ÷Ž׿ӦҲѶʰã˸ˮҸƺ
ѲһȦʲôջ񣿡ʵ
ƺűӣһȦҵۣˡ
׿Ӧ⣺ˣ
Ϊ÷һء
֪ڶʲôƺ⣬ϣ֮ǰҵڵأ̽顣
ͷϾֲ㣬һ죬СпΣա
֮ǰҸ˵ˣδ飬ٻĵطȥסʱӸ¼ǺžСƺʹƺֻˮûгԶԵ㣿
ͬԣˡ
׿Ӧпǵ΢΢Щա


124 ִ
Թ, ˼·ֺ󣬼һűˢˢ֦ͬҶİƺıǡ
׿Ӧʮֺ棺󷨾ôƵģ
ʵûʲôϡ, Ŷݼ֮˽, ļ, ҵۡƺ԰ǸҲЩ, ֻǸڵ£мʵʵǽƿѳȥڿռ, ľǽֻҪɣʶе۷С
˵ɣҲķһʱ, ȥ˰ҵš
ҵ֮Ҳ׶֣һŪ, ͱսս, ȷ
ԭˡ׿ӦеͷһΪҪһ󡣡
˳ѧѧԱ㽫ܰæ, û뵽ˡ
ڵ⵹أЧʵһ, аյ£ܽдо顣
ƺ׿ӦеĲ, ҲûʲôرķӦԷġ
ǣҹƽҰƺԴ˴ѰҹŻܴϣһ·׷Ѱˣ㷢Ҫʵһʱ䶼˷ѡ
ļļ»ȴİУּԷĻزãɣڴ˴ǹһ
ɵذϢֻԼȣˣȥֵû뵽һƾ֣ջ
ŷصʱƺֵ֮˻׿ӦУּɫ겻Ҳ֪ΪԼĲŻŲʹҲڳ˵ɧú
֪׿ӦĲˣöԷ
˭ûأƺһϹսˣ֪ʵû˻޼᲻ݣ濴ԽǿˣʵԽױ
ֱ˳ֵķΧ׿ӦвźȻʵ磬òѾû˰ɣҪȻһѾˣô˳鿴
һƺѾǵˣĨһѶͷϵĺͷһֿܣҲյ֮ƣԴһСġ
·̷ƿɳ£һ·ҲûأǼӿ˲ٶȣ磬ѾԼĪ˰ɽλá
ԭʱƺ˾˱·нмԼɼľ룬һз֣Ѹٻͨ
ֱ֮ʱ׿ӦĿʹԶȥЩζƺ̲סЦ᲻ôү
˭֪׿Ӧͷ԰ѵôõĻ̡
ЯĶƳɵҩҩҩ࣬Ҳʣ÷ɣܸӲҩѧ𣬾Էʮ֣ܼסķ֣ջ
ƺڶǰǺΪ㿴ˬ
Уҩ
֪ԷΪдһʣ׿Ӧкػعһ£֪ʶԼһԹѹƺ˵ʲôĴ˵Լֻ
һؽͣҲǿˬǲϲ˵㲻á
⻰ǧúܣ׿ӦеļЦеʣộ
Ű׿Ӧǿˣ˸ǹϵòãǹĨҪ˵Щġ
ȻȻ
ҵˣ˵˵ң˺ӣ˭Ҳܵ׿Ӧй˹ƺ°ͣһͽӵģüҾạ̊́Σ
ƺס֣ڴһǣ⣺˵ʲôԡ
׿Ӧмã͡һЦü۽ɽĳɵģǻī˶ļ
ƺȴ޶뵽գ׿Ӧ˵˲˱ˣ£ֻʦԼˣ̾Ϣ
˻̣Ϊӵе̫٣ֻҪģӰˡ
׿Ӧе·һȦȦĮģȦĶ䱦߻ȷûаģԵĮ
ֻƺ֪ôůˣҲΪԼȦеҡ
ͷнԼаʱдѻƺ˻׿ӦУǱ˵ڶأ壬Сġ
á׿ӦеͷȻǰһŵȴزȿգűҪµȥ
׿ӦУ
ڵɲǣᣬӲתƺᣬҲڱܣס˱ס
׿ӦҽŻбƺΪǰƣҲ̧һֻţǰأԭֻó̧Ųҷ¡
§һţһǰ㣬Զǽ𼦶ƣǿάסƽ⣬˭ҲҶ
ǱʹҪ˵ƺҪ
׿Ӧеţ֪жҲ󿴣һжƺԼķԣ˻һȥ
û£һɡƺ§׿ӦУֱ
Ϊȸо֮ѾƫԼ֮ƺŽ׿Ӧ͵һ˼վȡ
׿Ӧ˿̧ؿڣ
ƺһɫȻ
վ֮ȥ鿴ЩĵطȴӦòȳնĵطȴʧˣһȥǰԾƽ̹ġҶĵ档
õһ£ŷʮա
ϱ̵ǺľԵĿҶƬҶƬһǣʲôȿݽȥǻҶƬзȥס棬ϸȻ޷ϴ˴пӡ
׿ӦкƺԵͱţûա
Լһɿǵģֻ´򿪣һȥԵҲѳȥ
ем߰׹ǣ˵ģʲôӻȮࡣ
һáƺջػšãܿˣܲԡ
׿ӦɿǵĽǸӡһ˻ǲԣҲܾûˡ
ԽЩʾſѾķϣԽȥƺĵطҲױµġ
鵶ʣͷ۲Ƭ̣Ͻһѡһϸ̺˵֦ȥ
Ȼһûϡ
ƺ
׿ӦסЦŤͷ𴦡
£ŰǸûֵ֦ƺڨڨص棬еĵʮְԹ
УΪҶƵĵҪʲôʱȡУһһ֦ϵ֦Ҷû¾һɸߵĹӡ
׿Ӧؿ֪
ƺʶԼ˵©죬ֺõЦЦСľ֪ˡ
˵ģ׿Ӧкܿ׹ϣҲԼûпΪСֻоûԼʲôǵ͹ˡ
㣬Сﲻס£ֺңģֻµһ룬㶨ʲôʽĵʲôȫ֪
׿Ӧƣĸϲȫûˡ
ٹ죬ǻسǣҹȥһߡʧ䡣
ƺùڵƣоãǰ§ס׿Ӧеļһڣû£ڴʱӾϲ
Ҫһڴ̫ߣʧأ׿Ӧ룬û˵ڣƺЦŰ
һûҵأϴҵķҾϲòˣ㵱ɴұƺ巽ߣҵĶֻϲ⡢ַӦολǵ˫ء
׿Ӧ̲סЦˣ㵹˵˳죬ұֲжŮ
˭˵ģˣƺһۣװ׽еģ
Сϸһ٣㵹ãһƷ
Ტۣ
һûһ˵Żľ̽·ǰУ֪̽·ϾȻССʮ壬νǿӣܹһδӵùһ
ܼӦǰԶˡƺ
׿ӦҲ̾ԭٷ˼֣ô壬Ƿ֮Ļء
һɣԼϳй
ƺ˵ţǰߴһѻڣ̧ͷȥʹվڲԶ֡
ߵýˣǰһָž


125 Ѳ
ƺ׿Ӧ˳ָķȥ, ԼľӳµԺš
̽ˣ
ֻڸѲһȦûֱĻ塣Ժﲻˣһȥ
ǣŵ, ô, һ·Ϲ̸˵˰ɣ
׿Ӧ, ƺͻȻһ§ҫضԴǰ, Ľ

Ҫ
ȷʵеĽ
ƺӵ̽·õľʩչṦѸӵŵԺǰ
Ժǽֻһ˶, 죬Ŀ֮յ㣬Ȼ濴ƾɣȷʵС
Ҳ, ٷôһɽûյ⣬ȻҪܽ󽨶
ƺʹ˸, ٴα·ɢȥԺǽһȦ, ںԺ»ϡ
˳ƺҡҡͷʾûз֣ƺԺһ, һԺǽ֮С
ǴӺԺѵǰԺҡ񷿡﷿, é޶ûзŹֱ䳡, ǳ׵װŰǷһ飬ûҳһֻ
䳡Ϲͺͺģˣϻһ޴İ̫ͼжŰ׮ǣǹŵƽ󷨵ĵط
׿Ӧжͼ˰죬ζӳ¡
ôҲˣŶݼ׾һϲͨǶöࡣ
鵽ʱ١
յ٣Ϊⱻ㣬˶Ŵ̫վ䳡һԲߡ
òҵȴˮһգƺѹεķ꣬þϸϸ˼һ˴ͷԵԱⲽ
չ⿾˽ͣȴûɢǲӰεĳУ˼㣬ؿһʼ᲻²ȥܡ
ƽЩ˸ա
ˣջᣬ˿գƽһյӣʱҲԣֻ۵һ˿Ȼ
׿ӦпƺӰرµƫƫԼְﲻæ˵Ҳ޼¡
оԼʮ
䣬ѳζҲҪ취ֻ뵽һ΢ɵ㣬ٿ԰ƺ˼
׿Ӧнסϸع˷ѰĵطȻ˵Ѿû˼ֻҲûУƺе˵ȥ
ٷΣԺӿһʱ䣬ϲ࣬ûռݣҲǵӡ
ߵƺỽһ硣
ƺ͵ػ̧ͷûüüĽ꣬ȴֱܵس΢Цţ
Ҿһ㲻ס
˵
ɽԭ̣ﲻˣʱҩ߻ϣʱˣǱ㲻ٿһȥԺգǿ϶Ȼûҩô׿Ӧг룬Żδķϣ±׷鵽ǰղſʼء
˵һ㣬ƺҲע⵽ˣʵŶ˼⣬ĥֿտԺ䣬᲻ǶԷʹʲôճǼơ
ǿճǼƵĻԷܸ¶棬Ūһ°ɣڴ˴ȴȷʵһ·Ҳδ쵽šβ͡
еĻԳŵĶ;ԣͷˡ
ŵ˲ûôߵĹ˵׷뷴׷ٵı£ܸһϸµģֻйµϸ
ܻ̫֣Ѿʧǲṱڴ˴š
Ŀǰȷʵֵá
ƺ׿ӦУΪ𴦡Ķ
׿ӦԼʦĹңйƽҰ԰õܣ̫ȷؿƺȻŻΧɽûأǻ᲻ҲʲôͨһĶ
ʱҲ˹׿Ӧе˵˶һۣ¶ǡ
ǲڵص£˵Ѿǵм
ƺ˿ǰ䳡ְĿͶŵļᣬ˼ǵδأô뻹Ǹ߹ǡ֣ûоڰˣ˵ŵĵӲɽҲЩʧȥϵһ·ѲҲûзлذţΪδͨ
׿Ӧô˵Ѹٵ˼·ǻ᲻ͲڸϾŶٷϤҪҲڶ㵽ĵطȥпǻÿ鿴Ķ򡣡
ƺͷǲԸǶԿ˲ȡְ취ΪʵѾڴ˴
ǲҲ˵ĹŵӣࣿߣиҪ˲ܹ˴ʧˣ׿Ӧ뵽ͻȻһ˷ܣƽҰǼľɽϣ
ȵշ죬ˮʪճϣЦݱչ⻹ģûʲôסƵġ
һɽףβܷŹκƺЦЦתͷԶĴƬɫᶨ
ĪҪɽʱһˮٷɲСûжʱܵ顣
ɽڣȷʵԺúһѸƺһƾ⡣
׿ӦжʱףǿԲмҪ֪ˣʲôûҵֻʧ뿪
Ǿ⣬ǻ᲻˻̽ȻټʱϡƺѸٽӿڡ
׿ӦгЦһ߷ŶһѲ飬˫£֡
ƺִ̧ϣĵ¶һڴĬ
ʹĬĬתһߣԼͬĵǰȽᣬֵ˭ϵأ
Ȼ˵֣ƺúܣֻ֮٣Ѱ
ȻҲף˵ǶԵģûʱڴ˵ģٷôһɽȫһ飬ֻѡضصȥѰ
ЩжȫڼŵӼץ˶ٷĻϣЩתƣﲻ˷ʱ䡣
ڷѵĹ򣬲һĲѡ
뵽ƺɿЦƳһ·ߵڣĳɷָһЩ
Ǿϣ촹࣬ٶһЩǰɡ
Ϊ˱ǻصԺڣٴϸѲһ飬ҿ˺ۼ
ȷûл֮ܵԾɷֳ飬ȥŸСΧϸѰ֮䱣ԽӦľ룬ʱ֧Ԯ
ѰҪΪǱڸ֮˵ע⣬ǼװмαװҲ̫ԣִ׼С
ƺҪѰз֮ˣҲɫظϣ߹Է¶¼˼
һʱȣڴ˵ؾûջ񣬾ͱǰɽ
ڶǹƽҰץɽϣ϶ͱתˣܵڻ
ദ̫ã⽥ƣѲɢ
ģʹʵضƺбԹá϶УΪɽУټ׿ӦΪ˾ȳӣڵƺѾʧǣº·ɼĶӰܴٲǰǸȻˡ
ˣڵЦҪһ䣬ƺϷŻ𣬳ɫ԰Σͬ۵֮ڲ£ս
ƺƬ̣Ҳԡ
׿ӦУ
Ϸһ¡ƺЦ׿Ӧеļ򣬡Ҳȫ޻̸֮ȷʵۣ
ûü˵꣬Ͼͱɫݺšһѡ
ֹ֣׿ӦеҲųĻȥ֮Ի˾ˡ
֪˵ЩʲôƺһɽѰʱԵǧΥ˵ɧ
۸ʱƺ׿Ӧò߶ֶţʵΪ֮̽ͬ󣬼дźøУҲʮֿƣ׿ӦдĶòһЩ
֮ƽȻܻ˵黰ͻ֮ͽعص׿ӦûôϲԼ
֪ǲ̫ˣ˿̽ŻĻᣬǧǺڣȫ
ϸѰʱн̫죬˼ֱǽɽƺʱʱҪǣǣС֡§§СҪͻذ׿Ӧе϶ĥһʮһϱӲҪģ
׿ӦƫƽƵӣϲⶺ˭֪Լмܲס
ƿƺ˵ĻȫǺ
ƺЦУġ
׿ӦУ
һðɣûˣ˵Ļ绰˭ԷȵϢڶʺ;ѣʵҲòܲˣ΢ƣˡ
ƺߵöӺһƬиǶ飬ͷ֣ʣϲ
ϲɻɣ̫˱˷š׿Ӧв̫ϰ߹컯һпܱ˿ЩŲ
ãġ
ƺЦһŷſɽн


126 
ʵ, ҲȫװģȻ֪ȷʵ汻˿û˻ųӼΪɫͷ, ɥʧˡ
ô, Ϊ˱׿Ӧǰò֮, Ҫİ֮׽ʣµĳ, ֡
Ȼ֮ǰһҲ˳죬ǿ꼻Ƕչüվ, һȭ޻С
˹鲽谭¹Ӱ㿣ǣűߵĸоʵ, ֮һСö˶ӣֵ֮鱻һ֮䣬ÿһı, ƺĽ
òҵŵ׷Ȼ˸, жԲߣʵҲֻ֮٣ܷջҪ, ƺܸоĿڲԶô, ׷ǰ
ǰ԰Թͱٱһ, ʱѾԼɣڸԼ·һֻȹϵϣŻʧ룬ڶڰ˿ǶôЦ
ֲʧ䡢ǽŰХҪһͻƿڣƺѹƲסֲֳֻܱһַʽй
Ȼ˸ӽ꣬ŴһǰδеҪ׿ӦУǣаԼտյؿڣɥʧյƤңһʱ֮ЩʧأҲ˷Ӧ
׿Ӧû̫˳ӣܼʱҪȻͻȻϿ롣
жǰκһϰٱǧҲʧƺʶȭͷзԼܱˣλˡ
ѾߵˣǰԽǺڰ˵Խӽ
һҪͦס
ƺܼ尾׿Ӧῴ񶼲ˣѪ˿ƽ糿ǵͫױҷֹעһ㺺֮
ȻĬѲɽ֣ǻָƽسȵӣ׿Ӧǵģǣ֣߬ȭָһչʮָۣй㻹ء
šƺ֣һһͺˡ
׿Ӧãʲôĵ£Ը˵һӲеԵţƤӵ̫Ҳϣģ˵ǸѪˣûеľż
ƺ飬ͷֻݸһЦվû˵ʲô
֮£ƿɳ£ƵԾȻûôӣżҲ˼ȤɱԹϰߣֵⷽʽδǼ¡
ǵԼС
ʵ̫ȣǣһֱĳƺֲſ׿ӦйʳָһûһлĿԾΧ
˴ŴԼأ˹ѹĺۼǽģֻ֤ǰ
ɫһ񣬱㰴֮ǰԼõģع˻ϡ
üͷƺ֪Ҳûʲôջ񣬱޷ҲҪꡣǷͷǰԺأϣԷ
ĸоȻܣҲСЦûܹˣߴһ
ƺˣ˵öԣ˵İмܵסҲΪҡ´˴ΨһȻ׷顣
ⷬ˵ǣ˵Լؼʱ̣ȶĸҪ
۵΢΢һ˿ɣƺ֪ʲôҲ˷̫ʱ䣬ҹԷûжǼɽٶһûз֣ɽسǣѰ
ԣԶûе޷תĵزڴ˵˸գ֤Ѿ鲻õ׿ӦԾƺֵͬΣźܿҲµǲ߻ĳĳҪǣǶȶ֡
һԱɫҲٴηΪ飬ǰԺƺ׿ӦغԺ
Ϊ˷ӣѡ϶ءٷľߴïܣ˲ߣϢ񣬳˹򼫺áѣȫ첻ˡ
ƺѡӦϰ䣬֦Ѿֲ࣬׿ӦоͶڵнΪƽ̹λã̫
ҹ֪Է᲻ֻ֣ʲôʱ֣һŴ˷Ѿƺ׿ӦϢ
׿Ӧдһ֦һʹ˯˯֮೤滺ʵŻҪһЩ
֪˶೤ʱ䣬ƺڶߵУѡ
׿Ӧʼձһң˯ò̤ʵöԷֻۣƺ¶ϲɫ§˵ĸΰУҵǣԷ˳ˣ
⻰׿Ӧе˲ѣһ˫ԲԲ۾ɵ󣺡أ
Ժˡƺһ˵һͳӸǱ߷ѶţƬ̺ǰŴ㴫˶Էķ
Ҷʮɵľѣ˰м˹ŵԺӣ˽ɫ͵͵鿴ŵӡ
˽һ£ŵؽԼɲ鿴һ飬⵽˳ſµĽӡ
һ˵ƵùȻҵˡ
һ˱ԹˣҲʡмҲܻأòɽ
ⲻû취ôҲǲǼλүֻ˲ǲ߰ɣȥ
˵˼䣬϶ԺѾûˣûͣŴȥ
˻ǰţڰƺѶϢ
ƺʱ׿ӦÿŵӴӺųƺӡ
Է߳ȥԶŴҲϵ˽׺ˡ
ӿ򲻸ߣȻУ޷ŵĸټᲢۣ˳ˡɽ⡣
һ·ƺ֪Ϊɽûн
ǹŵ˵Ĳڸױ¶ѡ뱾žԶĵطɽһ档
˴ȫûĺۼĽɽ⸲źֲ߲ݴҪǽŵӣԳŵҲԲ¾һɽڡ
ڸȻҲأˡ·ȥһ鷳
˸ɽ⣬ңң˰أͣס˽Ųһɽ¡
֮˵Ҳڸ߲ݴУֻ¶۾ϵĲλͷϴŲññϲҶαװǱɨһۣԳŵĿҲѷǲﻹˡ
ƺǧﾵݸ⣬תͷʩչṦӳʮȥܵϣңң۲
ǧﾵȻģɫ㹻Ρ
Ū֮󣬱㷵ƺ˲֮أ㱨ˣվڸ߲ݴС
ƺҲưŵҺʹүע⣬д֮̽ǰѶš
ͷתڵأɽȥ
׿ӦȻƵľ庬壬ҲܲµóʱƺĶ䣬ü˵ţȥȥͻء
˵գƺʹʧɽӰС
׿Ӧа֮صشɽ£߲ݴеҶľ춯ע⣬ͬʱ߿ȥ˿Ѿ˶ڣһϢش˶׿Ӧеɴ۾һֱûôɽ
ţ춯ĵط˺ӵߴߴļľ֮ҡΣǺۼƺѾԶȥ
߲ݴе˾裬һ˵˾䣺Щҵĺӡ
׿ӦвЦˣĵŻûڼǲס
Ƭ̺OO@@֪ƺ˻һתͷȴһ߿˸ۣЩȥҿʱסʯڣûջص˶Էһۡ
ƺ֪׿ӦвгҲⶺյһǰۣصҩˡ
׿ӦмȻʱ磬֪˿鶨ȻҲġ
ߵߴ类ƺסβϣһˡ׿Ӧؿ˼ۣѡ˼ƺԶһ㡣
ԱĿȫ̵ĴȻޱ飬ȴֿ˻
ɽǱ˴Լһյʱ䣬ɽﴫж
ƺ˼£׿Ӧкʹʹ˸ɫ㰫ڴĸ߲ݴȥƬ̺˻
ٽݴдߣСģ
ǱδѾλƵƮ˻ƺ˸ƣǱ½뿪ɽķΧֱߵùԶƶᱻԷһôͣסŲ
ɽ治СعǻǷгڡ˵ͺжϣͬѺϣʮĸˣйŵĵӦ߰˸һ˵ţһ߽뱳УĬƬ̣üӹһ˿˷ܣƺѹһƽҰ
лҪ˵
ףһСٿ~


127 ж
׿Ӧжʱɴ, ϲֵؿƺƺϴһ˲ǿѹסϲɫһ, ʣȷô
ʶ˵Ҷ, ȷ, ģӦǸ˹һ, ڷӸʱ˵һ仰ڵȵ, Ҳء
ƺȴ룬ƽҰ֮ʱ֪Ѿ뿪۸νԼȥ, 顣
ǽ첻飬еصزӦ
һξǣȻ¶ĥ, վûа׷ѹ
ݺ߬߬ȭǲУ
⻰¹, ׿Ӧмƺ촽΢΢Ȧ΢죬ۿˮ
, һô׿ӦסĿС
ƺգգ, ˲ָģĿͶŲƬɽ, ҹڸ峿ɽΧο̽ƶӪȼƻ
ԽǽӽɹԽд⣬ɽ֮УǳɹƽҰȳܷ˳ٷ廹Ǹ⣬ҶԷʤڼԴ˴Ҳ˽⣬űҪ侲£ܹһ
û飬űɽ¸ߴѰһƧضϢңңŹŵӲɽ
ͻȻȡ˴ĽչǴսڼȻԶⲻ˷ܣڵ˫۷Ź⣬Ϣ˷ȥ˯ž
ֵϰҹڲԶϣ˯ڲԶܿ˷м֮飬೤
ƺ׿ӦûҶ׿Ӧиоõаٸнٳ޷˯
תȥƺ§סԷ˯ţ
ƺôԣ
׿ӦаĵĿڣ˹ǣʲôʱúܿ죬ΧʱرǰûΪ¶ô
ûУǰҴӲƺһ죬뻳Уһֻס˶ԷԼǰ˳ָ߻֮ܳ⣬ǲ
鶼Ϊңǧˣ㲻ԼòӢͲ׿ӦеЦ
ƺͷ׿ӦеĶͷһƽҰΪ˴ǣ⼸ŵദ̽鵽ǵĶ򣬻߼ĳĳҵҲ˽һ¾ȳǰһ󲽣ٲ֮ǰǰ㱻ˡ
ţҹʪ΢䣬׿ӦпƺУ췱µİ˸˷ܵĹ⣬ϲðһжġ
ʱ򣬳żѾƴƺ׿Ӧȥ̽ɽȥ۲ٷĵΣƶ·ߡ
ʱ¾ŵˣûáᡱڵ֪ŹɽУֻҪ㿪⸽㲻ᱻ˲
ﴩϡᡱʱǰɽϿ˺üȦڵϡڻｫɽ̿ʻ˰ײϣѸٹ滮·ߡ
һߣƺ׿ӦҲѾŵɽ˸š
Ϊ˰ȫѡɽֻҹһڣкôҲл
ôǱܰأҲڷɢһƣͺױ׽
Щ˵սڳǰԲֵһᣬƺѡԼӲӲǱȽǵġ
ҲɻƽҰԹ˵ôҪΪʲôûн˼ʱתƣֻùŵӿأоĶϸһ
̫ţǾͺпк֡
ԳţӦУɱչüҲӦȡ˽ѵ˿ڶֿԸ
ɲΣƽҰþȣҲֻӲͷƤϡ
ǣڼʱƺǿôһҪעⰲȫ˷ս˾ܣֻȹƽҰᡣ
⼸˻Ϊ֮Ҳ֪ŻڲУ֮һ뵽ץƽҰ㱳вƺҲ޷ԭ
ޡΣ߻пԹƽҰΪûǸ֮ȥܱˡ
ЩѺ˵ҪıǹƽҰ˫һսû˻ȥЩֻҪɣЩ˴
ƺҶû顣
Ӫȼƻǳ򵥣ֻһڵĶѨû𹥻߷Ỵ̂ƺյгѨ߽ǵĲսúѸٽɽʣˡ
ƽҰǹɽĶӣڳŵ·ʽİ֪ƺѾϵȻ׼ֻҪŵһƵζȻӦԡ
һ򲽽ȽŲ㣬ûָܸųŽɵܣԹƽҰŻţҪҳкƵĽҩ˲
ү磬˴ж밢иսڻˡҺƽҰǹصҪ׽õĶҪֿܷƺָָɽͼƽҰ֮Ǿߣ˵Ļó᣻밢жϺǱһܹʱӦľ룬ʧȥ磬ǴƽҰлسǣмǱȥ԰ʱҲ֪ͨ԰
ͷֵһʧɢس֮һټٰʦүǱڸ֮УѼ۲ٸͰл֮󣬿ȥû߹ʦүϵ
á밢гûлسǣǱпˣǧżƽҰѰƻӪȣӪȲɡ
˵㼪ġüܳʲô⣬ǰôڻôͱ̫ˡ
ƺһ漴ЦãҲϻˣ׼ж
վţͬʱǰ˹֣࣬أ
ϱװɽȥƺ׿ӦУͷһǣЦͬġ
׿Ӧɫչ͸ǰЦɿӿڵϽ𣡡
ôǱɽӸ߲ݴǰűߣͻȻиûӦѾ
ƺ׿Ӧ첽ɽڴһһҲĶ֮࣬ƺֳ߲ʾ⡣
״ſڲݴУ͵ؽһɤӣ˭
ȻѶɽ˳šô¡һһ߾Ҫÿƺͬʱ֣иɴĨǵĲӡ
죬ö˲㹻裬ûбҪֱ߳ǿ
Ӹ߲ݴг˶ڣ˴Ӳÿڱǣƺͷ롣
ɽ̽δóȻ룬ߵɽڷֲ·ڱͣ˽ŲĿ֮ɽڷǻһǹŵϢĵطһһѺŹƽҰ
Ƿǻ㲻ö֪£ôȻҶ𣬵һ䣬ɽڻȽϴΪԼ
˿ƺȥ֮Լ֮ǰĵȫǶġ
ｭɷʵڲܣͨﾹȻҲżû߼ѾЦǶƺƾš
ƺ˱ָʾˡ
ɽʮּªһƲΧһȦȷʵƾţ˱ҹع̽ӡ
һˣϡﻩϴƣһ𷽲ŵɢʵС岻ǳȥôôû
Ա˴ûɶ£˳ȥ˰ɡ
һڵ˵ǳôǻ᲻ɱǹ
ܣٷôй˷ʱ䡣¶һ˵ٲؼҲܻȥˡҲ֪ʲôʱǼ׸ߡ˻ʲôζûУ
˳˳ӣŵǺ˵ζתͷһСɢŨ̹ǽűߡ
Ƕ̣˽ˣ
ЩŵĵӴ˿̲Ŵʧɫվȥ˳СⲦˡһˮ˭֪ûбɢŨ
ʡʡɣˮûáƺߴӰ棬׿Ӧ˽ǻڵ˸ʵʵ
ƺסڱǣ鵶ָǰˣĸƴ
ŵӱǺֱԣ쿿ұһȿȿȡӴĻŵϳ壬ƺ׿ӦסǹУЩ˾Ϳʼ½Ű۵ڵء
ں֮ڣ׿ӦпЩ˵Ǳ࣬һ䡣
ûʳ˭ƴҲνƽҰܻ֪˽űҪȥ֧ԮʵĴ˳˴ƺǰԶһĲŵ磿
׿Ӧѭ̧ͷȥһ걻һһҲųؾǾŴĹƽҰ
ߣ׿ӦҪϰͷò㣬ҲԳƵϿմЩңȴԵǱĪĳһȾĸ߽ʡ
֪ǲԼĴ׿ӦиоƽҰƺĿ羴һ˿ԣŨʵʣ·ŵĲһˣһ
лҪ˵
׿ίͰͣԴףСֲ˵


128 
ƽҰƺƽҰ, پһϱǻۿȣ߹ȥһѱסԷ, , ûˣ
ƽҰչ˫αסƺ, ļϣһ, ֻ³ۣѹΪӴҲˡ
ôܣ˼롣ƺЦЦ, £Ƶʹߣ˼ɫ, ˵ز˾뿪˵
ƽҰƺͷš
׿Ӧһ̲, 죬˾˾޴, ôƽԿȷʵˣΪɽĶӡ
ƽҰĿƽ޲, ׿ӦҲֻһۣƺֻƺֵͨһ, û˿档
ƺѸת׿Ӧǰһ, ֺܿɿȻȥٸʽܡ
׿ӦӦ첽ƺ
ԭֻǲ²ƽҰϲƺż˵񣬱оųɾŵƶֻɵӾ첻ˡ
ʵԵĻ׿ӦеԸȶԹƽҰһƺĹϵ
ΪԷһԼԴףֻǾڵ̫⺢ٶʧһ֡
ҲֻѣһҲסƿ˶ԷƵģ׵
ƺ׿Ӧȳɽȷȫ֮󣬲˳ɴƽҰѸõ·߷ȥ
뿪ɽԼأǵִһΪƽ̹ɽ£ƺôﾡ촩áᡱƽҰ뿪
Կʼƺ׿ӦбԱм䣬ػܡ
ƽҰɻ磬㲻һô
ƺЦЦһҺͰڵӦ
ƽҰû˵ʲôԾֻƽؿ׿Ӧһۣûаֺ档
˴ϣƺһͷϷȥֱƽҰҡ𡰳ᡱָˣ
ƽҰŴļػͷƺ磬һҪϰ
İɣһ
ƺĿɽ·һ׿ӦʩչṦڵ׷ȥ
Ψֳ䣬ҡָˣɿ죬ƺٶҲϵ˱ŲԶľ롣
˶˵һƽҰԷֻһ꣬ҲЩ
ƽҰ״æүôżһ㣬㴭
ɣһЩŵԮأǷɵòߣֻǵͿӹ¿ȥؿƺ׿Ӧּ񱼵Ӱ
ﲢţֻǴŹƽҰҴ⡣
ƽҰӦòԮǵ˶ɽˣֻ˵Ҫһܷͷˣôô
žʣôˣüҲܵģ֧Ԯء
ƽҰ䣺»йأ
㲻֪紵ʣٵغţƳ˹ƽҰһۡ
֪һһֱƣŵΪҪץҡƽҰԭͲ԰׵˿̱ɷף֪Щʲô૵ǹߣȻץʲôǼǡҲǹҪôѵ˵ѵ
龪֡״ΣҲ֪ԷȻ֪£ֲ˽Ȼ벻ͨйϣ㼱ٴϢŸ˵ˡȥϸ˵ץң
ƽҰʶȦļ򣬵ͷȥĿ׷ŵϵƺ
ƺƺиӦƵͻȻͣ׿ӦиҲͣ˽ţôˣ
ое㲻Ծƺûмܣǻǰţóǧﾵǰ
׿Ӧô˵Ŭƽ䲶׽Χɳ˷紵ҶͳûĶ
ƽҲĪù죬ʵʲô֣
ʱûСǧﾵеҰƺûз׼ʱ۽ȴɨԶ֦һɫ⡪
˲ϴڣ󺰣үСĹ֣
ƺδ䣬ֻ˸Ҵ֧ಡطֱʹ
ﷴӦʱһָˣһֻӵ顱ؽ֧ȻתѸȥ
ûôˣ޷鵶¼ʸ˹ƽҰæתֻ͡һͷҼͷ
ƽҰĵغү
ƺ׿ӦڵԶԶţֻ粿мᡱָͻ֣͹ƽҰͻΣƺҡҡ׹˶ʱޱȾġ
ָĳܶάתڵʱܿסָˣᡱסȥǲſ˿طȥ
˲ܳһأƺٴٿȻסŲֽ̧׿Ӧл׿Ӧ˳Ʊȥৡس˱ĿΧʮˡ
Щɫ̴ֲ򣬸òһϹսɱ⣬ޱŵСΧȦ
ʹ׿Ӧмʶ࣬ҲԷֱЩǰں֮죬ԸѵأҲĪ⡣
ƺˣ
ţⲦöԸġƺ漴תͷĿѰЦŶҾ֪鲻˼򵥡Ȼˣͱͷ¶βˣ
ûйڴһӰ֣ǹߣɫۣһŵһһСͥŲһ㣬ߵƺ׿ӦиǰϹųЦݣǧ׿
׿ӦоضǰΧŵЩˣϾǺƺ򳰷ߣڼˣôˣô
ôѶԸˣȻУģǱߣҲгкĲˡ ƽؿ˹漴˳µİΧȦɫȻ֣
׿Ӧƺź󱳣ǰЩʿƣ֪˴ǲ֮ǰϮǰɣֻƴһ
ܵƺϼͻȻʱ⣬˼ͬһʱǰԷ̳У䲻⣬ͼռһȻ
ĶʿȷʵǿսǿƺĬɣ˵Уʹĵʵʵûжɱֱ֣ŪޣҪľǵ
ƺ׿Ӧиһ壬ǹã֧穡
׿ӦеһʿսЩǿ׳ܴ󣬾ֲܵ罣νһʮᡱοԵ
ѵͬʱֱֱ׿ӦʱɲǼҲ󱳷
ܺὣ񵲣˫סѵݺѹţ䵽£һѱµĹҲԼҪ޷ܡ
ƺһ߿ǰˣæͷУ
׿ӦԽļƴſܱԷˣ͵һתнҪȻֻ顱ǱʱõĽʱ˺üء
Ҳʱ䴭Ϣ׿Ӧгᰫһ˼Ļȶ˶Էһ˳ͳһǡɨȡƵö˺󳷡
ƺѾ䵽ߣӵ󿪴ϣһҪ׿Ӧвˡ
û°ɣƺĿƵصΧĶʿʵ
׿ӦѸͳУеڳ̬ٴƺû£
ս֮Ͼؿţ֣̾ʱ˻ˡ


129 ս
ƺƣӦٴΧĵ, Ͼ߶죬׿ӦȻ֣ʵڲڸ󵶶Կ, ޷Ч, ˵ʵ
ȻҲǵ, ϷŪٳʱϷˣӶࡣ
, ƾƺѵһƬ⣬ҲֻʱֵԷĽ˵Է١˫սԼһյʱ, ˻±鲼С˺ۣҵΪɫǲԵ̫Ǳ
ĴעȻԼ, ƺǰͻȻһģƾűֵ̧ȴΪ˲ʧƫ, ûܸסԷĵһұ, ˴Ӻһţʱϥ˵ϣõס塣
Ѫ˳Ÿ첲, ģ˳ָһһڵϡ
һĻ׿Ӧ, ͫ磡
˿һʿս۸Ƕ̵, ˿ռϷ磬ⲻսаЦĳȥȥơ
׿Ӧ֪ԼƣѾ߾ȫ˶Էĵǿƺˣվɥʧһģ𣬽ŵһɽǰȥһ߿ĵ϶ԷǿԴһš
˾Ƿԡһ죬˸ۣȥ
׿ӦأΧ˶˵ʱͻȻ򷽲ſƺֱ۵Ǹ˦Уಡһ˺
ŻĶˣ˿̾䱻һѪεɫϣȻȥȻжϣͬˮһڵϷ˼£۶
Уģƺ¶ɭɭЦ⣬ŵվǵԭͿУһܴͨڸ࣬ϡ˵
׿ӦʰǰŤϺ˵ĵƺ
ƺӹۣ仺ʹŻ㱵־˿ʮѣת˻εΧ˰ڳʽȵս⡣
׿ӦߵĶʿʬǰһŵ϶ԷؿڣְУּ˵嵶ǰˣһСˮһ֮ɫô㱾£
ƺͷ˸żһЦáͷҡ٣Ѿǿ֮ĩĵزȴ޷ǵпһ˿;ĩ·ľȡ
õҶ϶ڱ˴ϣǳĵԣֹͬϢĻ棬ȶ໥ůâҫ˴ˡ
ΧĶʿʤȯգȫûа˷û뵽ַʽ˲ͬ顣
ȥͬѪ˵棬ⳡ˷ٿƺѧҲȡУ׿Ӧһ˫ֳֵǣЩ˾ȻԼͬغһ
վһߣϻһƲΪ˾ŭɫءȿȡɿЩʿŵٴη
ƺ׿Ӧٴս֮Уƴֿù߿˾ۣǣû뵽ȴṩ˱ݵ̨
һƺԧ찮£һ˫൨ĵͽǽԼɻô
׵ЩˣһһΪǣʵᡣ
ժŵС󣬴ӼͲȡһ֧ͷںڷĶ̼װСϣһֻ̧ۣͨСɽ׼ƺ
ͻȻ־һ㲻񫣬㽫ƽһߣͷָɱ׿ӦС
ߵĴͻ¶һ˿Ц⶯̼ಡؾֱ׿Ӧзȥ
սеƺԭֳһŹߣʱڶһǰֵĶˣһӷ׿Ӧнǰӵۡظ֧
׿Ӧһ漴ĿͶߣ붼û룬˦ߡ
зһǰб㶤Աߵϡ
ʿ״ͬʱӵΧƺһѣ񣡡
׿ӦлعҲסƺ󣬽żһ㣬϶ԷϥǣԾϰա
ƺ־׿Ӧ׿ӦֳֵڿתһȦۡΧʿ嵶ɿƺ֣շ˸ͷӯء
˼ǾȻԽսԽ£ǲ䣬׷ʰϵ嵶ٶǷ
ҡҡͷС֧ɽζ׼ƺ
ƺִýţұ۳ʹЩʹ˿ҲǡõıԹߣϾעĶ
ಡһ׿ӦˣæȥѰԷӰԾϿУʵƿ֮ǳԼģƺû˵תͷѵ˽ǰ
͡һ죬̼ûؿڣ
׿ӦϰýҪߵǼӿٶȣڵȥתŲƺұ˳ԿʱʱķһۡԼҲƣӦֵĽֻһûƫƫ
ƺмԼĶͱˣ˺ѷεһ𣺡磡
׿ӦתһѽסƺȴΪûܽȣŶԷ˼ڵϡ
յߵָʾЩʿ֣ͣվһߵȺһ
Сǿֽ֧̼ζƺأͷûüѪҺ˳ƺ˼ֿ֣ʼڣҲʼü١
׿ӦͷƤ飬Լÿ޵ģȴŴŵشۿе䣬ˣһӣæҵȥסƺ˿ڣһ߳ļǶ֪ô棬ĶֹסѪ
𶯡ƺס֣ͷ˶ƿڡ
ж㡢ô죿ˣⶾҩ׿ӦлҵȥץĲңֶò񻰣߶ҳװٽⵤСƿ˫Ȧƺļյ̫öԷܣֻҧӣƺߣֱԷﵹ
ٽⵤûʲôԣƣƺ׿Ӧе˼ţ֪ͷϴʲôúܿ죬˿Ѿǰڣ׿Ӧеˡ
ⶾԵЧ˿жۣ׿ӦеԼϣ絶
С¡ƺûҰԽԽ·˭ǰĹͨͨƵģֻãȻس׿Ӧеķȥ֪ԼĿѾɢŬЦݣûµġ
׿Ӧпʧ۾пֻŶȻû˶ס°ͣ磬ۣˣۡ
ȻƺǺۣĻ֮УһĨЦϣرû˵
׿Ӧҧ
ܾûô¹ˡ
֮ǰͱƺһƴҲͱ˿ƺֱۣ붼룬ɵԷɵ
˭ĺ硣
ȴû溺籨ˣֻܶݺݵصʼٸ߹ߣ۾Ѫ죬·ҪγѪ
߿һһ֣ߣ
ЩҪƺ׿Ӧߣķһ׿ӦȴȻ֡
ľʹ䣬Ҫȳ磬ȳʦ溺常ɱﻳҰĵĶˣǾͲܱҡ
׿ӦнǻӲѹؿڣͷԵһ
ΪΪ⣬֪˽ȥƺʧѪԽԽ࣬ԼҲûаֺô
ûеɱǣ˵ǻã׿ӦΨһָδ֮ʱҪ뾡һа취оͰӲӲ
ڱ˰ס˫ֵʱǶԹҧгݵǸ˼ҪΪᣡ
⻰ڹֻúЦǰʲôǺ
׿Ӧоֻ޷СޣΪףʵһҲˣеɰ
ѹƺϲ
ϲɫʱǲԱġ
ôһˣüĿ㣬ǱĿ׺ݣȴ߷飬㹻˵Ҫ۸Լǰʹ飬ġ
Цһ׿ӦеĿһ˿ǡ
лҪ˵
ɽ׼ǡ



130 μ
׿ӦжĺڵĿ, ǵر졣
ûȫԼƺ£ŭԾĹ
ƵĿ⣬ü˳ۣƾЩʿԼԴ, ǣϵߡ
Ҳ, ٲῴƺߵ, Ͳ۵ôרעظ֪, ŽµĲӣʱжԼλá
׿ӦгĬţ߱롣
֪Ǳô, ӳȥûУ
Ϊ֪ͨһ
ǡô
߲ɵȻ֪׿ӦͻȻô˳ĥԾȵİ취˴׿Ӧɽ˺üȦ׸ķ֮, Ž˴Ŀĵء
Լʱ׿ӦѾƣ´ĲݵرΪɳ, ֱʯأĿʪȱΪ, ζζùζͻҳζռӿΪƣߴתΪڰ, Ļŵ֨Ӵ֪Ǳ˵ĳηһĵط
Ȼ, ˽ͷֵժ׿ӦòӦ, 㿴Լؽѣǰȷһ
û࿴ۣ˱㽫һ˽ȥм˽ƺ˽ॡդſϣ˩˺üһλεĴ
׿Ӧй˲Ϲ۲Χ˵ƺߣСذѶԷϰ§˻Σ磿磿һѡ
ƺؿڻ֧̼ܱߵѾѪҺ͸ˣؿ΢΢΢ɫٶȱɷף촽ûѪɫ˫ĿţûκηӦ
׿ӦпǽǶһѵݣ㽫£ѵϤ§Сصƺ¡ϸãƺţԼֻۡ
ǹ߾û˱Ҳʲô죬ûȥİٴһ鷳׿ӦнԼƺİٴⶾ˵ҩ£һ
磬ҩȸˡ׿ӦҲƺüſ˵Ҳ֪߹ץҪʲôǵһ׼
ƺ֪ţȻӦ׿ӦбҵĬˣŵۡ
룬ƺ£ԷҧͷȻԼ۽˺ºü飬ŲѪͰ˿ڡ
׼֮׿Ӧֻȵסβֱ£˫ȴ˿Ҳ»ƺʹ
ҪμˡǶƺ˵ǶԼ˵ȻһһΡ
šۡһ죬ͷ˳˿ٶӿѪƺʹغ߳ϰ͵ȥţ˫üʶҧס˫ץסԱߵĵݣǽ߬ס
磬£׿ӦӵմѪļͷ׼õһ鲼ҧƺ˿ڴŵһ̣ү֮ǰ˵Ҫ˶ȰѶѪҿˣ˿ұߣû˵࣬һµġ
ƺ۵ǵͨ죬־ؾҴϢţ׿ӦпܵӣþһСͱԼؿڣʹؽţԼҲһ⡣
а飬ԼһеĶؾһ֡
֮ǰֻʸƺµİٽⵤãƬѪʺɫ֮ǰĺں죬ѪҺӿٶҲ׿Ӧаۺ¶⿪¶˴Ŀĵ˿ڡ
ˣ˿ڸѪ֮󣬱㽫ҩ棬òסƺȡ˿ڰ
һ·ƺܹˣǹ˻ҩѾ˾飬׿ӦȻʤϸ
ؿֻһȦٴһᣬǿ̶ܹ
׿Ӧн˿ڰúã˿ƺ۸ϣȻȥ鿴ƺұ۵ˣҶԷҰӣֻܰ˿ڴ˺
˿ڲЩƤⷭѪѾˡ׿ӦϽҩϲƬȴû̶룬ֽ̧Լķ˿ڽʵʵãƾһͷڷɢͷ
һ߰һ߸ƺ߶ԺҲѧȷʵ·㣬ͷҲңûϴĻҲܵһ
⻰֪ǧθ룬֮ǿ佱
ƺǶϰߣȽϸɾ䣬λһɣ׿Ӧķʧ
öԷ˿ڣ׿ӦвڵѰһ֦ݲץͷ˸٣ƺԣؿ
ƺǺɫºͲɫۣմѪҺԵôĿģ˿ȴĵɫɷף
׿Ӧƺһֱǿ׳ƻƺԶ·ǰҲֵһᣬ˾ðֿɿ
һϢƽȵƶģ·Ƕǣ顣
磬һѣòã°Ѹչõ˿׿ӦвҶֻ࣬һͯƵرסֱۣ᲻
˵ʱһֱȫע˲̫࣬һͣŷļϵԼǰȴʲôˣоһ鹣ںʯͷµѡ
ڴ֮ǰ׿Ӧл֪ԼȻޣģȴƫƫ޷Կء
֧ӣƺĴߣǣ˯һյʱ䣬ȻҪѹȻ
Ȼ˺һ׿Ӧв֪Լʲôвƺ仰ԼͷڶԷļϣС˵ҪˣҾʹӦ㣬˺һ㣬Ǿܹ֮͡񡣡
ԼҲǹûûˣʱȻ뵽¶ǻ鶯֮ʱĻȣֻƺܱ֮ǰӣͬ㣬ﶼ
˭֪䣬ƺ΢Цһ
ֻǺܵͺܵ͵ͬϢһ㣬׿Ӧʮʮƶ˾Цˡ
磡ַḧƺǲˣ
ƺȻûۣüѾչëţؿڵҲ֮ǰԡ
׿ӦнضŹκһϸ΢ı飬ֱҪ
ǡƺ۾΢΢һ죬ǰЦŬ𴽽ǣ˵뷨
׿Ӧеһӿ˳æҵزţ⣬·˲ǵȻ˭˽㣬Ǹɫж㿴ôһ˵㲻ˣ
ԡҵġ鵤ҩƺ֣ա
֪ǼͷϴʲôԵãʱε
ȰٽⵤЧãټ׿ӦаμʱľʹƺʵѾЩǣֻǲѹĶˣֻܻţԼ֪׿ӦڰˣȻֿ˵
׿Ӧ˵һѺòãƺһ䡰á׿ӦвҪһյ󻹲ѣȴȻ˰Ҳûģƺȵýƽʱ죬ôˣ
û뵽һ䡰ܹ֮񡱡
ַ˼Ļϸ뵹С˵ġ
׿ӦҪְװ죬ƽĮׯַ裬ɰֲ֪ƺϲʻģϲòˡ
̲סЦ׿ӦеķӦ֪ԼЦ
ƺŬоʧһһصۣܸ׿Ӧ˵
ôܿް׿Ӧ۾̧֣ḧǺβ٩ҡֻ뿴ڡһ¡ᡭ
׿Ӧһʲô
ƺ𣬹ŴǿЦ


131 
׿Ӧв, ҴΪԼⲻǿޣǡԼģ
˵־ʮֲ԰ڨڨز㰮ŲŰɣû, ô
ҵİС˲ɱ, ˭˵ͷϵĶ, ԸҲ˺תʹǰ, ÿһǣ˿ڣ⵹ƺԽѣ˵Ҳࡣ
˭Ƕ㣡ͷðĺ, ׿ӦҲ֪۵Ӱȥʣʲôﻹһҩ, ҪٳԵ㣿
ƺ³һס󣺡û£Ƥ, ֧û˵ΣֻƤˡһŹԪɡ
׿ӦиϽǷǼСƿ, ҵԪƺһŹҪٳԼţ
ⵤҩǴƵģѸٲԪ֮, ִֶܵԲֽʵ, Ĵָָô
ƺ׿ӦжԼھ׽ͣƺʹ, ɵЦˣҪιң
׿Ӧеɴۣ𣿲ö𣿡
׶׹ˡЩƺգգۣ
֪ڹⶺԼ׿ӦкΣ֣˵ġ
ġεΪǼͷϵĶڳ˽ҩָҹˣһ㣬ûʲôоƺԪȻʵԵôųԣļŽģҲһţ
׿ӦаŰɣȡһŷŽ죺Ȼġ
ƺСһǣ߶һİԽɰս֣͵ģǶѵ볣˲ָͬûЩ㿴ң˵Ѿ˲ǣҪ˿ڹòΣû⡭
ʡʡɣʵš׿ӦƳһۣɫȷʵȷźһЩԾǲ԰׵ġ
ΪܹѵѾӦ״̬Ȼ˿Ȭٶȿ죬ȫһûʱ䳹׵װá
⣬ëȫָʲôʱͻͻȻ֮ǰ˵ƺŸߴʵѾͿˣؾ˼
ƺͷȥ˿ĻʧЦֻص˰ֵطԵ
׿ӦҲŹ˵Ϲ۲ܡ
⴦ηǳռĿǰռĵһ룬⻹һյĶûУǽϿһ߼߼С֮ܳΪĻⴰλãطضλڵ£˿С͸һߵټϴԵĹ㣬˿ӦÿҪˡ
Уιȥ֮ûǵѶţƺҲûϵֻҪ֤ӳȥˡ
׿ӦгҡҡͷûУ˴ɽ˺ܾãҶûѻڣɽûѻĽ
ƺĬƬ̣ϼЦݣοûϵҲ˵ʲô
š׿ӦоҲûҪνƲ⣬װ׸Լ£һ⣬ʼεÿһ䡣
ƺûٿأʲô
濿ǽ֮ǰŵһݣʰõǷǳɾ߳϶ûУֻǽɢһЩùζ
׿ӦһȦûκη֣ͺͺģʲôûС
⿴Уƺתͷȥڼ飬ܶҪѶϢʲôģǽ֣Ƕǹǣѷ֡
׿Ӧ˳ָķ򿴹ȥǽǽǰֿǽȷʵѷɨҲעⲻǴ
ȥǽǽͲƽȥӿݣ׷ֱ档
׿ӦһһʣǾп֣Ҳʲôɡһˣô֪˭ᱻؽ
ͷ۸дȫ˻ǻʵ϶Ƕ׽ӰҲ常ƺŷ˼ܱҲ֪˭ֻƬܸṩҲǺõġ
ָƺʲô׿ӦͻȻɫһݣصƺߣӰٴϹŵĲͳӣš
ƺ֣
ϸ׿Ӧɫȷϣ첽ǽſڵϣûϸŤ˵֣ţũܱҩʯˣʯαǬǬɿˮؽ𡭡ǡǱⵤ飡
ⵤ飬ƺҲ̲סô
׿ӦԼĪ˴⣬Żӵֲض£ǰȥּʧһΣᵽɤֻۣǰ
ǰǽǿ̵һ֣Ծصɴۣסˣ죬췢
ƺıӰһŵʣдʲô
ӡһΡ׿ӦлתΥ˵ԸԵ،ƺ硭ǡʦ
ƺȾϲѹ˿Ųߣ§
̫ˣĻ˵ĺ󱳣о΢΢ţ㽫սһЩϰ߲ۣ˴Ȼû̾ߣҲûѪңû˻ɨ˵ʦûбΪѡ
׿Ӧ˿ڣһЩƺǽϣŸὫͷྱѡ
ȻϲǸصʧ䣬׿ӦгĬ˰Σ̾˿ڲȥĶأ
ǱһֱУƵڲûٷķΧҪͻҪεĵطҲ¿δɽļɽƺܲץʹϳｨ˸ʱѺ˵±ҵŻᶨתʡ
⻰׿ӦеɫҲûаֺתˡ
һֿܣ֮ǰٰǸ˵ʦѾߵͷˣȥϳо\\ҩͷƺѹʣɣ˵ףʦǣͬ尡
ƺս֣û֤ݣȱ˼롣һ·׷ʦǺ£ڵ׷ʲôҵϳ˵
׿ӦдͷĬŨܵĽë£ţ˿
ǻרעǰɡƺ뿴ܣתƻ⣬ʵֹһ㿴ҾѾӳȥˡ
Լã
һǰǌ͹ߵ˽⣬ֵµϸ󾫶࣬ǳҲֻмӣܹʮˣҲˡܴʮ˵ѾǼޣ֮ǰɽģҲҲʮˡȻʮǣȥץǵľûʣ㻹йŵ˲ΪҲΪ塣
ƺ룬ֵڶ׺ǣΪڵжڸ٣Ա¸šʹүУΪ˶ֶܹأߵҲȷǵľλã͸ܵĻᡣ
ȻˣΪûзѶ֪ͨǣ
֮ǰĲϮĻҲҪƽҰӡƺƶҴүˣƽҰãܳɹף˲ϷѶšҲ˵ˣٷƺûѻУϸҲǳԸɷģڴ˵شʱǾã˽ϴɾ˳˿չüʶƣˣ絣ı¶»ӽ
ţе׿ӦеͷϿɣϣѾƽӳȥˡ
ֻҪƽҰץǾҲû취ͻôʦƳʲô\\ҩҲ޼°ɣ
ºʱǲܷһ
ƺ֪ʲôҲ΢΢˿
˵ߡƺŵϷŵٴҸо߲ɱǣûġ
׿ӦЌҲʾͬҪǵɽͲҲе֡
Ǵֲսɰٴ֪涼õŵĶҲ룬ǹˡƺüͷ
Ѳĳ׵˼Ųɱ㡣׿ӦɵأΪβɱңѵʦĽף
ƺĺףҡҡͷҾûôӣɱ㣬ܵΪǵĹϵΪҶŭɱˣɱ㣬һʲôӦĳ׾Զ£ˣһɱ˸ɾ
ҿǴˡ׿Ӧеĳһ˽㡣
ţΪҲãȡܵĻᡣ
׿Ӧп˿ǰκλεĴãȻƺôӣ
ƺ죺Ӧ䣬ߵȴԮ
׿ӦУŶ
ƺ
оԼڰĿɿ½
˵ô໰۲ۣ׿Ӧÿڣ˿ڣûѪģ㻹ǹȥŰɡ
սұۣιڻ


132 
ƺͷ׿Ӧе޽, ߴӦĳײɱǣƱػ䱾ĥǡûг̸Уֻܵ衣
׿Ӧк뵽ǰ߿ԼǸ\\\\񣬲ƺ˵赽ʲô
Ҷ, ɱһ, ϾĳҪҡǿ, ôĥҶãԴѹҵ, Ǿһᶯĵļ룬ȻܽܡҪˣ׾û̸ˡ
ƺ׿Ӧеĵĺ޲, ߶̵Ҳͨĥĥ㣬԰У֮ʲô㶼Ҫŭ, 𣿱۾룬ǶʱģϤ, 
׿ӦгĬƬ̣ŵ⻰˵, ʱҾͿʼˡ
ƺεЦЦģҲŹ
δ֪ĥ, 㻹ǺúЪŰɡ׿Ӧѵݺ͡ͷùƺްɫ, Թڲ
ƺɺ֮׿ӦаѰٴϵĲҽ, ٽⵤ͹ԪƿﵹֱӷŽһְѽҩСƿŽһȻҷֱŽԼƺѥ
ƺƫͷһֱ
׿Ӧע⵽Ŀ⣬͵һ߸أȻ˽ĥ׼Ҳб޻ɡ
ǵδѡƺЦЦˡ
׿ӦһֱĹ߻ôŰƺĻŵҪֲ¶ģֻܱޱ顣
ʶʱ׿ӦбĮӣƺ붺Դ׿ӦҲж·ƺǰԽʻȻ˵ʲô˵ʲôڲˡ
ʶƺһ۱ܿ뷨ΪԼģ㽫Լ£ҡ
׿Ӧп˿Χûʲô׼ˣƺ࣬ŶԷۣĬ
УСƺȥĶͷǺˣ壬̫࣬ˮڣһжõġ
ǰһжã׿ӦĬĬ룬㽡κĥغãǱĥñˡһ֡á
֪ѡƺҲȻǸǻѪ൨ĵɵӣҲúûţΪ˰һȵ°뱲ӡ
׿ӦԼûƺĶƲסҲ˵ֻ˵ͷĴʾοǿϢɣ񡣡
ƺۣҲš
˻ûһյʱ䣬׿ӦȻһֱûۣʵȫû˯ţĽŲһ죬ԼȫĺëҪ𣬱ƺס
ƺ֣м˵Ҫӭˣ
׿ӦɲסⲻзӵĽŲкüˣקëȻ
Ѷ棬׻ʲô
ͻȻƺʶ֮ʱԷᵽŵһճѵ
ʱƺ˵ѵסò˵ѧôס̿򣬾ǰƤָףһֻ֡ʲô̷ܳס
˵Ƥָף׿ӦѾһ㼦Ƥʲôںڣò졣
ʵֻǱѡÿšԱжǰẬһŶһģѡҧƶᵱֻ֪취ץšж°ͣԷޡ
ǻ׿Ӧлŵʣƽʱñˣǻôѵ
ƺ赭дɵ˰ɣ࣬δػ㡣ġҩ̶ѣ벻ַȥˣ׮׮
ʱԼѾƤӶһأʵ𣬿ʹʵģƤǿӣ˵Ҳߡ
Щ׿Ӧвɴ⣬ԷƹֶжݶҪΪӦ̿򣬶ֿµ׼
ƺ׿ӦгĬ˿ڣʹ֣߬Էȫ亹ޱȺڣǰͲöʲô̵棬һֱȣ֪ʲô˵¡
С
û¡׿ӦŤͷɫ޲ⳡĥ޿ɱܣҲôǿ׳㶫ɣ
ƺͷҪЦ˿ҲϣԷʱԼġ
ƺһ漴۾Цţ
˽׿Ӧв֪Ǳеʲô̼ܣһЩֵֹĶһʱ֮Ҳϲʲô
ƺ̼ܣʱסˣԼŵƶ󣬹ѵҪ԰֣
Щ½ĶĿյϣôؿʼװ
һߵǰ¶ЦǸλõˡ
ƺˣҪվ׿Ӧиæһѣߵǰؿ
㵽ʲôƺʵͬȻǵָƣҲҪѶƹ˰ɣ
ߵĿ׿ӦѲſƺûʲôʵģȻץȻǵһ̣һյĺʱ⡣
ƺǰһƽߣѹǱĥҺˣΪҪڡ
ͬʹ࣬顣ߴһϿҵӣڰ㰡
ƨƺԩͷծʲô޹ˣҪǸҶŹ㣡
֣߱еһʲô˵ֻ
ͬﲻһֱ£ôƺҶҵˣұ֤ڣ
Ƕŵ߱ؾᣬͻȻֿŵһţҶˣͲˣʧȥôһõĶ֣ǿϧϧ
׿Ӧߵƺߣ磬õңܵס
ҲߣҳΪס
ƺؿһʱ֮ʧҲʵĻش
Լܿƾ棬˵ʲôͽͣõ˿ԼеĿ־塣
ģҲǲϧˡЦЦͷѾܺõ̼ܣƺֻ˺úÿǶôݡ˵һڰ㣬Ϊ϶֣Ҳ㹻˼˰ɣ
ƺע⵽ϧĸ֣ͷֲõԤУü΢漴¶Цаǧ飡
߳ʹ˸ɫ˰ŵ򿪣ƺ׿ӦѺֱ̼ϣš
ƺ׿ӦУ˸ĵǡ
׿Ӧǳҡҡͷصģ漴˹ǣ¶һǳЦݡ
˵Ҳ֣׿ӦзŻԼЦȴʦͨˡ
ֻҪöԷģôԡ
߱˫ۣվƺԣϾؿĿһ˿ζ
ƺӭĿ⣬ǰЩɱ㲻ٵ£Ū˰ɣڻţҶ
ЦһµԵͷûô໰
һ׳һţĳվƺǰ˫֒O˒OˮͰһ৵һ˦žһ죬ű˵
ˮ׿ӦһʱۣⲻˮƺѪ
߳ӵĳϲƳڵô˵㣬ȴ·˺ƤĦ
ηаˣ׿Ӧ˫ĿգȴƤ»ӱʱصĺõԼ޹İȴƺ
ιȥ˰ɣ
޴һţǳ׿Ӧеϣ̵ǸҪ尾һƬ磬ֻؿںƱѹǧʯ˳ΧĿüѡ
סֳĬĥҧ촽ˣӵۣ뿴һĺ硣
ס׿Ӧе۾Ұģ壬ֻǸػӶӣ̼ϵǸȴһ
׿Ӧмеգգۣˮߣ˵ģŽϱ鲼ѪۣѾӳãؿڵٶѪ͸ϡ
ҧأӲһԣͷĺ˿赲ס׿ӦȻһЦ·̣ʲôݣһЩգգۡ
Цɰ׿Ӧкݺѹǻŭ˺ѷεʹǣǣһӲεЦ
ηһ˿չ⼴ɢʾͣ˵𣬹ӰյƺĿԽ䣬ߵΪ𺡣
׿Ӧ˿
֣߱ߵƺǰдαĳϿңǧȻͭƤǣ
ƺҵشϢţϺˮŰɱ˿ۣЦԽȻꡭͣҲ㡭ȡ
ֻϧۻСˡĿͶ׿ӦС
׿Ӧв֪˵ʲôƺٵģԣ׺ݵصŹߣƺĿ⽫١
桭վŵλ˭㡢ôһˡ˵ܡɱҡ͡ôԹƺѹߵעԼϣ࿴׿Ӧһۣ˼ƵǴ˰ɣȻο࡭ڴ׾ֹ
׿ӦмϵļⲻȻزһ£ᵽɤۣƺӹͷŭߡ
Ͼ֪ĳ׵ǺݣȫѹƹߵҲˣ˫ƾУһΪӲϧƽ⣬
ƺֵģŸҷϾҲǶİԺյƽ󽫾̵ڣҲġ
Ҳɴƶϣĳףס˹ߵߣò͡
˾˭ʲô
ߵȷƺŭˣҲ֪Էǹģ첻ԣʾ»µ̷
׿Ӧп˰̿𣬶ʱͷƤ顣
һĻ̫Ϥˣ֮ǰչüҲԴк
ؿ˰յ÷̿ƺһȻ
û£ƺҧƾ°ԼЬȥ˫ŲЩ̿ϣʱ̵Ƥ⽹ãζڿɢ˫Ŀ죬ǳɫ׿Ӧе졭ûϴţζáš
׿ӦоرۣٿԼǿջЦ
˿ܸͬܣΪǰƺϲȴʼղҿ
İܿ࣬Լ


133 
ڵƺǰⲽ, ¶ЦݣǴͨѹҺѲ㻹й⣿
ˡȻᡢɱƺ, ׿Ӧб, ̲סص, ûзκβ͵ҧЦ, ҿ㱻ðɣҪȻǻ㡢ȥɣͼΪΣ㡭֪
۵ͷΣҪʧȥ֪, Ҳߵһһ
ҲԣĳĳҶǴˣƺ֮ǰƶ, ǻڳк䶼ͨ죬ߣȻͼı, ҪȻͼʲôͼԼĹͼҰ˸ٻ
ֱЦ
߾Ĭ, ¶Ц⣺ͱٷҵĻˣ˵ĻҰͲھ͸㡣ϧ, ʱδ֪ʱǸ, ҿ̫ڴˣʲôȿǴɱ޵أ
֡αء˷ʱ䣿ƺЦѾǡ, ҡѵơ
΢΢ۣΪ˭Ǹ˾һϣͷҲк³ǴˣеĳգеɵеװģеĹƶˣûһöǵжమǵĹǰת۾ͷ
ƺҧʹעŹߣ۾һɻʢһͨпŪ˭أ㡭˵˲㣡ǡǵ״Ӧ㡭ʲô㡭ĸԸǡߣ
Ȼɫߵ̿ߣһѾƺڣģС˵ɶ֪ô
Ȱ㡭ʲô𣬾͡ͳƺصҪǸҡҶ˵ҡҲᡢŹ㣬ʦҲᡭ
ľԹҲϾб¹ͽܣ
׿Ӧƺʦ֣֪ǶԷ׻ۣߣ˱ʦôˣ
ҵˣܰôֲǴ塣ߵ׿ӦߣĿɢڴѲԼʲôӹǣҲɡ
׿Ӧû£ֲֻۣƽٱ̼֮ڱק¶˾µǣԵñϸ׵ĲԽ޳
η̿𣬱ǰȣȫ΢΢췢ۣˮ˳Ĩһ㷺ڵĹ¸ˡ
ƺ˹еǣŭߣ˵
˵ôְγذף򵶼⣬ؿƺҪɲûӦ
쵰ңƺŤ̼ܻεû죬б³
׿Ӧ֪ԼκηӦƺߣװںޱؿŹߡ
ơöԷȤһ
߿Աһۣ»⣬ŴߵƺԣۡغݺҵŻһѪ
׿ӦпƺǵѪоԼѾɻңʹˡ
磬û¡ƽ˵ģֻǾǶѡ
ƺ˵ų۲̼ܻͣλƣƺҪŪɢ
ۡһֱؿڣѪҺоֱ絽˵ϣǿҪϨ̿С
ҡͷ㻹硪ж԰ɡ㻹˼Ұ侲
㡭Сġ֣ƺȫ̼ϣ÷˵ʱ¶Ѫ͸ĳݷ죬Ŀ
ɹ߲ûб嵽ЦЦذһ׿Ӧеɢ˵ϡ
ƺĿѣУ
׿Ӧҧޱ飬һԣƾۻɢ䡣
ߵĵ⹴ס½߲¶ϰ
ɰ𪣬ӳӨֻǶЩ߰ߵİ̺ۣĵƯϡ
ߵĵ׿Ӧеĺϣ»ƽֱ֮˶ͣ£ͣؼ֮䡣
׿ӦбۣȴԾ޷Ƶ΢΢סԼκ֮ǰƺ
ߣſҡ֮ĶԹ޹أƺĺȴ޷ٱƽŭȵдһ˿ǻ
߷·Ƶģеĵ»΢΢¡ĸͣ׿Ӧеĵﴦ
һƤҰ߸̾ͻȻذףȡ⣬׿ӦеСϡ
׿ӦеƤ΢ܵĵȣپģȫⱾܵս
֪ߵʲôԸȥ롣
ߵ׿ӦеߣôϸƤ⣿񡭡
֪ĻҿԸ㡣׿Ӧбŵ۽΢޸飬һϷݣϰҪƽǸСĳԵҩȻʹˣá
Ŷҩ˼
ߣô꣬Ϊǡͬų˵ˡǾˣåҲƺˮһضŹߣƺҪƴԷĻǣ㡭ҡ롭ôУ
ηͻȻһϢĳĬ߲֪Ǳľ仰ˣͻȻջ֡
׿Ӧмŵ˿ɱۣ
ߵƺߣش
ƺûټżҪĻ˻ȥź֪ظоȫͷ·Ҫһһѣȼѵ֧ţͣ
û̼֧ţ˵Ѿ̱˵ϡ
һѾ߹ǣѣҿ׿ӦУһ±ԷԼǿ֮ĩԼûȥԷĸα½󳨡ģԼ̲סޡ
ƺδ˺ڹ
Լɫǻ裬Լ־УѺúõһУ۳ģ
ƺȥôͻȻڣҹѾ˺飬¶·һְ취ڹȥǻʵ۸ҳǾǴױˣʱôΪһ֮ʶսΪ˷̫ƽ򣿡
ʱ򡭡£ʡ塣ƺͷ˵ۡǷڣҡҵġְ𡣡
ߵǰķ٣̧ͷ
ƺ۾΢΢һ죬ŹߣһѪ˿ΪʧѪֽģ߸ϵġ
ս㡣¶źǵˣ㿪ʹһ
ƺ΢΢һЦܡ㡭ˡ常㡢ͣҲǡҵġѪ𣡡
Ŀһô˵ԶܸҺģ𣿡
ϻ
׿Ӧеأ
ƺĿʱ׿Ӧȴȿ˿ڡ
ɲô鷳ûҲ˵ΪҲԡ
Ŷ̼ϱĥòεİˣᣬȴҵ
ƺǻһᣬӿ˳߻ķ٣ֻܼѵת׿Ӧеķ򣬴β׿ӦС
ƺԶͦΣʲô޷Ǳ
ڿȥݵһѴƵģ䵭Į˵Ļȴ˵Ϸһѻ
׿Ӧע⵽ƺĿ⣬𴽣΢΢Цһ¡
һĺҹڲסĹ⡣
ƺ𴽽ǣһᶨЦӳ˵ִӡ֣֮ӡͬ
Ҫ׷Ļˡҡͷ
ɿ֣ƺԴشȥ
ôҲһԣڴϵףߺϾű˵һߣαӰ֣ɫͻȻú壬ԾʱµҺݺݵش򣡡
дٴλƺ·ĲһˣһչɹѣʹĴ򣬲ܰеĻҳĵ
ƺǿ֮ĩҲԲסʹƺ˼
ͷ磬ǰһҲʧȥʣܵЩȣЩ·𶼲ֵһᡪûԼ˳
ƺιȥֱˮѣȻٶܱ޴򣬷Ρ
ƺ㣬յͨƺ˺ü
Ƥⱻյ죬ƺĹѾʧ˳֮󣬺õѪ۾ߣЦŵ٩ϡô࡭ӡĪѡ֣
ͷôƶ죬㵹Ƿ߳һ󺹣۵һ˻ȥ
׿Ӧû֮ǰ۲ҿûᣬҲû겻ǽԷܵĥȫ
ùѪծѪ
ĥ֪˶áʱÿ˵ĸܵг̸졪ƺ׿Ӧжԣڶ꣬Թ߶ԣֻǷĵǲһգ۾͹ȥ
ƺȥ׿ӦоľԼѾˡ
ǿˣ˸Ƿһ˵˾ʲô˵ͷæȥƬ̺˸С
Ӳһҩ裬ߵ׿ӦǰŶЦӯӯģҶƺ˴飬кĲֱͨãǳԡ
׿ӦȻſڣ߱°ͣӲҩ˽ȥְסֱҩѾˣɿ֡
Ȼ׿Ӧа·ãϵŽǸСŽ׿ӦеĻУһģǺöԵʱһޣҪʡųԣһûˣɾ鷳ˡ
׿ӦȻ֪ǲʲôöǹߵĻɻ󣬲ʵʲô˼
ЦЦʱ֪ˡ֪ⶫʲôЧĿԴ
˵գߵƺǰϸ鿴Ѿȥƺֻʣһʮ⣬µˣ˶Σӽ޳󡣡
׿Ӧ޳֣ʱס
⸱ӣӽ޳·һ
Ҫ캰סߣ͵һҲĺڰС
߳ȥ½ŲҴҵظϡ
ӽ޳󣬻᲻̫ðˣ³ɵһŪˣλ²ˡ
ЦһƺǲܸǺģʡ¡ߣΪ˭ﵽͷҰ
лҪ˵
һõҪǸ˲ҪʶTT
İעġ


134 ɻ
԰
һ綼û, һֱ񲻰شڷۿҹĻ٣ڤڤв֪оʲôԽý, Ǻᡣ
Ǻ, Լ, Ҳ㲻ҺˣҪȥ, ԰洫һѻĽ
ƽټѻ⼸޶˾û, Ҳɵؿʼģ֪ү˷ȥܷҵүټѾ, ڻûҲ֪Ƿʲô¡
˭֪ûݶƬһ, ûüͷԼǰ, Ųɫأǣȥţǣϳ, ʰЩϸһ뿪ȥ֪ͨ顣
˵յͷ, ֻܴһȥԺţһƥͣſ, ųԾŴ͡
үǻˣ
Ǿʲôʣ߾ˡ
ǼѻѻѶϢʮޣֻ˵԰ſڣǾȥӻϡ
ʲôû˵绹ôֲ
ƽΪҪתƳ԰ΪҵƽҰ⵹ǺϢ
ΪʲôֻһƥȴƽҰܿ԰Ҫţ߲ˣĸ˶
ǳ£
С
ȥ˺˺ܶ࣬ѾˣС룬ι࣬ЩͣĿɢһĲɵӡ
ֻȥС룬ҡҡͷ룺Ȳˡ
ҲûжȰһԵСϣһط㶡
磬ڡʲôСʣЩ㌝ҹػõҩͲƷõģҵѾûдˣõġ
عæôǿǽˣôѪ
ЦӯӯҡҡͷֲŮӣƽӹҲõúܣƤ˲ڻ¡
֪ҩȻһһĺãʿ˶ָúܿ죬ȣ˵Ҳ㣬Ҳ롣
Ǿͺã֮ǵúúϢֲ߷ѧһ˵Ŀǵ
ô˵̲סۡЦ˳
Ȼֿʼڴüͷ΢д񲻰
ȥˣջûơ龭һ⣬˺ö࣬ҲҿЦˣ˿ֵ̱ǰ֪Ǹ«¿ˣӣöȤ
鲢ûзڱԹᵽ磬ء
Ȼƺ֮ǰҲ˵ȥɽҪշܷأż˼жˣܳȥִصҲѰģ⣬һʲô飬Ƕû취ʱ֪
籾Ƣͱ꣬еĶִʱչȥû˻ʹסˣһ춼Ժǽݶò߳ɢšϢԷʱŵöҸǻ
ȻҲģҪչܸһжʲô¶ܻӦһƺΪֲʲô£Ѵ̡
գƺ˵Ļ׽˼飬ٿҲ˼ɻ
ĿɨڵصңǽڶҲûпԲ᷿ͨԴѹʼûʡ
ûʹǵηҲûʹ׿Ӧв֮ˣôǵЩֺĽʿ
ôصˣнŵ˵֮⣬ƽ÷ǳ죬·Ϯ֮²δ°Ӱ
鱾ΪһƽŮӣ£ٲûŵجΣٲҲ羪֮һϼ죬߽ŮӼʶ㣬Ҳڴɣ
ĪġǶӣܸݵһЩ¶Ե
磬ʲô𻰣ֱ
Ƭ̣ûлֱ˵ȽϺãס֣ʵ㲻⵽ôôԼҵʲôˣ
֪Ǻ˾͹ˡ
Ĳйʣ
Ȼеġ˵ҲʶΪѡҡҲһһЩҪ飬׿ӵݣҲǻӰɣøңģֻҪȷ㌝ʵʵģҶ֪
⸱̬ȣʱȻƽ⡣
µʱҪǺܶ࣬ҲֻǲԸƽհˡ˫շһĨΣҹţҲú£˯̤ʵ࣬ʲô֪Ҳûϵ
㽫еɻһɶ𷽲žȻ޶˴ô࣬ʵڹ֣
ǽŮֶ£ѵá
Ҳ㣬ȥ¡ھΣͷֱһǣʱ㣬ұ֤ͷ£Ҿʹ뿪ؼҳף㲻ȥ۸ӣҾȥȥĵط
գգۣзһھεǲǵˣ
ôܣΪܵˣչ㡣˵Ķͷ˼롣
ţЦˮ۾ؿ飬ĬĬעţӿ
鿴ߵģǌԼȫȻκ֮ӿһشˮ΢΢˫¶ıݶڸ
дȻʶ𿿹ȥ·ޣ͵ҪĴ֮ʱš顱һƿˡ
ɨһۣǻˣǵþ뿪
𲻺˼صͷŵáಡһվͷŶ
ûʲôֻȥԼϸҩʰá
ǼæҲ⣬׳¶ȫԼȥʰƽҰĶ
Ȼܴ⵽ôֻ࣬б޻һүأ
׺ܻҰ𱧳ȥʱУ۾ֱ
ϸΪŌǵ㻳ɸеھΣñӾ֮§ڻίˡ
أʲô𶼸֮¡ͷ૵
ǲŵֽȵòͷȥһƵرڻ
ʰϸ˭ˣüͷ塣
ү˷˽ӣ϶˲ٿ࣬ǻúúչˣ԰ֲסȻҪƽﴩõĶ롣
翴ֻһĶأ
ʰˣڳ
˵ǰ鿴ǷúˣżǵİССݵһڽң˭ҹİҲװһϴѡ
˲̫࣬ǰ԰ĻذúãͼųӲŴæȥ
ӣС˱ҴææͷϡȲǰͷҪȻ˺档
ķ㣬ȸϹȥһûˣתͷĲܣŰһ·Сܸͷ
ûţԼ
ȻҲȥƺ˵ҲǷƽǷ񽫹ƽҰȳֲܰ˼ҹһڿͷУҲֻš
һѰģ磬㲻ùңȥɣﲻʲôµģǿջֲͷ
û£Ȼտ㣬ȥҲ鵹˱͵ǰǶˣҲ̤ʵˡ
Ȼǲ¥տģ¥ϵĿͷڴɫ԰׵ĴȦʱˣûע⵽ŵĹƽҰŤͷͷ͹ˮʲô£ôˣ
ŵǣϹƽҰĿ⣬һ۵һܱһ·İڵأϥŵƽҰǰ۽ǣ棺ү㡢ˡ


135 
ƽҰݿ, ûаһԣûǣ״̬ȸձ˾ȳʱҪ
ʵҪ, һֱںˮ, ˲ϻش, ֻת򴲱ߵĴֲ̧ᴥ, ĿҼǲİ߰ѪƽﱻѹŵĿڷʵ˵
ͻȻ, Ծɱ۾ƺû
æսڣ
԰׵˫΢΢û¡̫ˡ
úϢҲʣ㣡ܿ˵, ŵķ´룬ѱӸãƵġ
ǼƽҰһ, ҲˣŻ, սսȥ󣺡үôˡ
ƽҰĿϣͻȻһ˿Ű, ̧ȡۡһţǼͷ, һŲûжȴҲԷߵȥ
˫ֳŵ, ŵŹƽҰү
ƽҰƺŴæҵ״̬ѹ֣Ŀ¶УǣǸл𣬵ö㷢Ƣ
ס֣ӵ۵ûϵүһ˲ٿɣҪҪһͷúϢϢ
ˣҲ붯ƽҰ΢΢ҡͷϣ·һ
ګګԣվһֽŶ֪š
ĿһĻʮ졣
ƽҰĹϵʶǸİˣȴҲ֪Ǹ֪ĺӣͻȻίʵ˳ϡ
Ͱأǻҿջô
ˣ⸱ģҲ֪ǶȻǾһսڳŶԣսİҲû룬ҹƽҰѾȳˣҲоհɡ
ȻˮҲĬһ߲һԣʮƣ˿𣬷·Ҳѹֲסеı⣬۳̾ӦǱˣ
ƺƵòҪȥΧ׿ӦУʹģСèֻټ˴ӿأ½׷ȽԶԷһʱ׷ǰд͹ƽҰӣһ˶Ϻ
ŵУṦõıĿõҲľڻ׷ֱ֮󣬱ȥ׷ϴˡ
֮ǰƺԼòս˱ͷҲһأһֱǰܣ׷Ӧ׷֮áᡱͷһСΣ˳ɽµУŸʱͣš
ƶд˴˲ϣһʱҲ׷׷ҲҴ׷ɱǣôƽҰڸԼǹƥٷ۲ơ
ԭһǰȥҲֲֻա
ﲢҪѹ£൱Сġһصٷɽ£ʩչṦɽȥһ·ֻҴߣ֮ܿǰϮĵطѻĴ̽ûеõƺĻӦѾ
ɽѰһΣ㷢˵ϵѪѪҺŶأ΢΢ڣϻŻеĵͶϳɼڵĽԼԵкۼ֪ƺ׿ӦѾˡ
Ҳڴ˵ضͣϽӡ£óȻ׷Ҳ֮٣ֻþɽسɽš
ȴļ϶Уһ߸Լҩˣһ߰׷˵صȥ˹ƽҰԴ˹ƽҰĬ֪Щʲô
Ǹج֮󣬴Թģúݺһ໰ƽҰɫ˲ˣվҪȥˣûͻȻεڵء
ƺ׿Ӧһ°ʲôĶԴܱܲδ֪Ͼڳ˿һֱɱǣûǻıҪþҵߵĳѨΣ˻ҪҪʬȻʱҪǹƽҰٳ⣬ѩϼ˪ˣ
Ϊ̫ŵµʣ˿
ɫڴ˵ͣҲû壬ﱧεĹƽҰǣƥһٸϻ˹ǡ
һǣƽҰת㽫ƥǣ԰ſڣָ緢Ѷţ͹ƽҰиӡ
Ѫ࣬ټʧؼԦͶ٣һͷεˣת¶ԷģѳԼ̫ۣϢеҲֻ˵Ǿ仰֮֮С
꣬ɫͬ͹ƽҰһ죬֪˵ʲôذѻ˻ȥ
ͻش첽ȥſűߣߴĸһţ̧ͷ˫Ŀ죬ţңһжǡͲ¡
ǰ˵ڿͷҵԾɻǳסõС˸ѾͷԼ¥ǡ
ߵſڣｲƺ׿Ӧб֮£ʱŵһſڣھθѹôǻۿҪ᲻֪˳
εһѣɣӺɷ򣬶ޱô£
ͷԵظ˿ͷƽҰڨڨؽƽҰ硱
ƽҰƤһۣɲһͷɫصؿߣҲ֪˼Ƿ㶡
ǵȥȺи硣鿿ڴߣɫҰס˯ŵģֿ˿С˵
Ƿϻûһġ
ѹֵ£ǲ֪ʲôƽҰ촽ɵƤҲֻҵ˱ǰöá
ŵʶץץߵ·λүţţ١ү½ҡ
ƽҰǴͷ˫ü΢ǿһۣʧתţŽŴϡ
Ťͷͳ̶ţʣ磬ʲôƻ𣿡
￴һУûƻ˭ҲָϣҲǻǨŭƢ˿̣ŵʲôƻֻܻȥˡ
̵ͬһȥ
ȥ翴˿˴ִ֮񶼻Ƚ˳ûܹˣǵһμһ棬ļ٣˵̱ûŵϱô죿
죬ү˵أ첻ڣҪչ͡˳չһ𡭡ںöˣҪ˴粽ضţ̫鷳ģ
б㵹ǰǰŵװף
ԶԣֻóĬ
ˣͰг£ãҲԡ³һ̣飬εҲĴȥˣ˼벶ȸںδռϷ硣
ƽҰͻȻץȥΪҸϹҪҲǹҡ
üϼ޻ʲôϵ
СˣûҪ˷һĻԺ󲻱˵˵òү˵죬жѰͰֿ̲ݻչ˴үҺ龡һٷ塣
û飬ȻƺŲ´ʣ岻ݴǡ
鱻̵ҧ촽û˵
ǲµĺ֪ͯȻԼ𣬵û취űҲȥţվüģʱȥ֤ɡ
̴۹ƽҰƽҰ֮ǰ㲻ȥδܷɵ㣬֪ݵǹߡ֪˲ĥǵúû䱻ȥٷḶ́뵽һЩõ
ҸΪ˾ҲףҾǰҿҲúû롣ƽҰһ벻óŵҩ롣
ҡҡͷҲ𼱣ԽԽ벻ȥ˯һЩʱ뵽ҡˣһҽһãȥһĹѰˡ
ƽҰƺ̫Ը磬ԷᶨĿ⣬ص˵ͷ
ֵ飬ú׼׼ƽҰǼ̳
վֱˣǣ


136 Ұ
׿Ӧ˸һ߳صΡ
ںһƬ, ֪Լںδճͣޱʪ䣬ùǷ춼ð, ʲô, ԰Զ, ǸеԵţƤ
űһϣ׿Ӧܸоʪ, սҪȫĹͷ顣
ΣԿһ, ûƺˡ
ţ쳤˲ĴֻңңϡһӰߴ, ƺȴԽԽԶ, Զһ΢⡣
磡׿ӦƴҪȥģ
ĺ, ƺͣ˽ţתЦһ, Ǹ̫Զ׿Ӧп, ֻĻŵҪ
ƺߣĪ
, £ġ˵һůЦ⣬Ҫˣ̫ܵá
׿Ӧвûбοӿֻţڵ䶯Ҫȥ׷ߣĶȥ
Ҳܵߣ鷳ġƺȻʧҪңҲᱻ
޹أĴ׿ӦдĻң֪ҪôͲÌͷ
ƺҡҡͷǲҵĴѾҪˣҪԺ㡣УҪذټˡ
˵꣬ȻȻתȥ
׿Ӧио·ֻԼ˳ȥش󺰣˵ᶪһ˵ģƺվס
ǸӰаֳɣۿҪҰʧ
׿ӦвԿصؿ޵ͬǸʮĺӣһα£ֻθʹѡ
ԶǵԼƺԶ޷ִĹ⣬ԽģıӰߴ󺰣磡
һ͵˹
׿Ӧо긦ŷǲһΣŻһȴûܻ̫࣬ȫԾɱš
˿ĳĵϣɫ΢˾Ĳ԰ףƮ޵İٷǰˣ˸оϢ֪Ƕ
ˣ˰ӽ޳
æŤͷȥԱ߲Զƺ泯ſţϢǻ
磿磡׿Ӧк˼˿ļ٣뾡ϵ
ȻԽԽŬͦͼ뿴ʲôȻſأһ߿˸ۣ
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һо߽øЩʱסֻССⱻ
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׿ӦƽصӲСǱһԼϵôţֻëȻ۲ӣһԼĿŭǶġ
΢΢һ죬۲ǰסߴԼС۴ϸͷԼȭͷô󣬴òӦ޶ģٴӌԼϵȦƶϳߡʵӦԼɳ
ӸͷжϣӦ꣬ӦûǺÌҲδ࣬˿̺ڲʳȤҲټսֻһֱ׿ӦС
׿Ӧж̫󣬱۸оԼĿǰ״̬°˫ȱʵʵϰ۱øЩºθ¶סǡһĻȣֻ󴦱ϣ˵ʹһ㾢ѡ
Դһƶٶֿ죬ͻȻϮĻֻбҧķݶȻ޶ҪҪںϣСͽˡ
׿ӦвԼҧֻ⣬ûȥչƺûĿˡ

׿Ӧ΢΢Ž󣬷ӱЩýźڵţϵġ
עȻ˹ȥŤͷ鿴̽ͷȥ
׿ӦкݺݰϰܵشĲһ㹻ļ϶ϸߵͶٴռơ
ֻһȻѸתͷֵ·𱻼ŭˣҪ׿ӦгԵͷǷڡ֧ǰ͵һűſҧ
ǧһ֮ʣ׿Ӧеһ߬סߵĲӣͷͣǰһλãŵüζ
ҿ߻֣׿Ӧȫ߬סƤʪԴֲŤ׿Ӧǿܹ⣬ôȥֵĿܡ
ϣµһתſڵϽͷϺݺ˦ȥǡõһ͹ʯͷ׿Ӧʹ̵֪ͷʯͷ˶£ֱоԼϵȫŴŴͣ֡
Ѿҵϡã׿ӦԾĲ͵һʣоľѾ۶ϣǿģһߣȥ鿴ƺ
磬ôһὫƺ˹Ұ׵ݣһᣬҪᡣ
ƺ۵˿ڣ̼ܵʱͱ˰ȥֻ£ͱӳãҪ½ȫ˺ˣ׳ϳ˱鲼޺֮⣬̳˼޴ӡˮݣˮֱĥƣѪȥ߲Ţؼ˴ĲƬ䣬棬µӻδϣϵţû˳ಲ
Ƥ֮⣬˻ؿƤڣܿƤ±鲼ϣθϺһƬҲ֪߹Ƕ˶ٸ
ʹƺͭƤǣҲڣ׿ӦôԾɻţûаļҪһϢڣſؿڴ΢׿Ӧŵûûˡ
粻£أһ˶ûУһչ˺㡣׿Ӧпֹסᣬɵ،ƺһƬˣһ߳ȥ߹ӽߣȥɣ
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׿Ӧнƺõ´ӽ⿪ϸ˿˿ڣᰴ˰ظ֮ͼ׹۳ʲôϾǴȥҲŵֲʹֻա
ȸҩɡ׿ӦڨڨԼѥ֮ǰغõĵҩһǹԪǽҩҪȥƺѥӣһ֣סˡ
ƺǳŽŵģǽϻб̳̿ĴݣʲôѥӽҩͲӰˣ
ͻһһ׿ӦеԴͳһǣˣԱ֯ϣͬһˮлӰһʧ
׿ӦжԱ˺һ󣬲Ŷ߶µذƺ·ϣžžµȴû£û£ȥҲҩʲôУһҵõϵģҺǰ˴ү䣬ǵأ°磡
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޳ܴܴһߣԶδɽֻʣһӰ翵÷·𲻴Ƶġ
Ҳ֪ôӵģ֮Щôȥġ
˵شδɽ棬ϹݺᣬˮӹǽµĵҲŢģֻԶЩ̱ԼʵһЩ
ϳïܵĸ߲ݺϲˮľһһأһһţͷдУ׿Ӧдδ˺˾̡
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ĥһҪͷһ飬õ֮ǵӣƺһж
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뵽еĲ򿪣ȡһŹԪƺͷŽȥ磬Ⱥһţ
׿ӦĹԪֻ߿ţƺڻţԲʲôʳϣʱܿԪά֣ԼʲôʲôˣڲҲʳ
һһӣó˿ǹιԼҩ裬ڵϡ
ҩضʲôö֪ʲôأҲ֪ΪԼҲûеĶ֮ˣ
׿Ӧк˼ţƺĥظ˿ڣ㽫ϡ
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ǻ˸ٷ岻ã׿Ӧ֪ʢƺ԰ڣ߶˲ٳʱɽǱĳʶоرᵽٿʣɿˮԴҲҪǱˮٺΪڡ
ˮԴԲôɿһˮ׻иõʬ壬кɾ鷳ˡ
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ôϣƺηֻιȥܶݵʱ䣬ܿѹϾĺ絶ǹ롢޼᲻ݣеֻǼ󣬶ֻڸЦǹʾȤ
ƺûκηӦԾɻţ׿Ӧָ˵ʲô绰ɧĻһ֮
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Ҵдƽϡ˵Ȼվȥӣðߡ
ǿôһ·ܵһȦ֮ӵ䡣
δɽһ·꣬Ӧû׿Ӧеֲ嶫ϱ֪ɽٷͳ壬һԽԽɽȥǿǻͷš
лҪ˵
⼸С׿ͬѧ׿ӦлҰǡ
ϽڱүġҰһ޳Ǽ¼Ƭź󣬸Ļǹˮ֡
⻹οˡҰ漼ɡһ飬֮ǰƺ׿Ӧʶ֪ʶҲԱ顣


137 
׿ӦоԼȱ˼, ԽɥȼоֵĹߺҪװϷ£͵ҹĻ֮, ǳӡ
ֻɵĺһϴȥ, , Ѱһȴϸȶеľһϸ֦, Ū˺ܶĲҶЩȫƺߣһ߶ŸԷ˵, һ߿ʼæ֮һźܼ򵥵ľͷӡ
һͷһκܳ׿Ӧק, ƺĦʮֺʵ, ֻһ˳Ҷۺ, ͦʵ
ƺ꣬׿ӦժЩҶɺʵڵ֦˷ӵĽ, γһȻʣĲҶԼ˰, Աʱ֮裬Ŀǰ޷, ¾ȸƺ£
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ܹ߳ţ׿Ӧã˳ժһ䵭ɫСƺԵ
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һ˵ţһŹӣײײǿʯͷȥһ񣬽ŵһˤһӡ
һˤоȫǼܶˣ·ҲƴƵģȻҲվ
ʯͷͽǰ׿Ӧ¹ӣһһǴȥʪ͸ŢƽôҲЩֻ뾡ȡԼ
ǶȻжȴƺΨһϣˡ
׿Ӧʯͷߣǰ˼ҵƺɹĵطãȻĹˣȴûҵֻСӣ
˥࣬ŲֻܼеֻûͷĲӬһ㣬һݴֻ
ӱںʵĲ£ȻѾʪˣûˮ׿Ӧæҩ赹˿ȻСһš
գգۣĿɢű𴦣룬ÿһţӦֵܼ߳޳ɡ
ǻԥʲôأ
׿Ӧһҩ裬ضƬ̣ãȻطŽˡһȥ
ҿԽģ룬ʹʲô
Ȼ˿ǰĸ߲ݣԳЦˡ
һһҹֻصԭ
׿ӦǽװҩСӷŽѾʪ͸˻У°ҩ滯ˣ㽫ڵĴսϵϡ
׼һͻһȻͻȥƺ
ҩƺܿЧ׿Ӧио·ֻֻ֣һקֲͷʹȫˡ
ؿܳغˣŵüµĿϤĸõζǰҲ˳ԼĸOO@@
׿Ӧо쵽ԣѸתͷȥͿһֻضͻȻſ˹
ҩշ£ֻ𽥳廹ϷӦһɲǾûж㿪ۿѪѾ˽ǰѾŷݺڸζʶر˫ۡ
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138 
ǧһ֮, ֻǰءһ죬ʲôˣе˺ҧ;ʹûзһԲݴ׹, ű㴫˴
׿Ӧæ, ƺذס, ѷŴ˵ġ¶˵ĹϺݺݴȥ
ʵƤȣǹƺǶ, ƺסͷƴȫѹĺѪˮϵð˳, ʹۿӼ˱ۣƺѹӳѪ, ͣȻֻ۶ʲôԴ͵ش, ȥѾ͸ˡ
һвһ˲֮䣬׿Ӧпɵ, ֪Ϊƺ˹ΪֿȭŪһ㡣
ֱ˻ͷһۣ¶ϤеЦ, ǲǺ׿Ӧвγһ, ˽Էﺿޣ
ίˣСûչ˺㡣ƺŴ, ǣԲ𡭡
׿Ӧп޵ôѣϴλֻмʱһһҹˣ
һ졭һҹôƺüɫǲ԰ס
׿Ӧһ·ڵвһһ㳹ѹԷ뿪֪ҪʲôþȫŴľվײײظ˹ȥ
ߵǰ㿴һ㻺׿ӦУƺʱѣиӣϳյһߣȻѹŪľǣ˿
ֻΣ֮ʱƬ̵ıĵеתΣΪƺۿɼȥ
׿ӦиоԼֱֻشȥֵػס磡ô
û¡ǡ̫ˡƺ첻
׿Ӧֻ˳ưڵϣͳװŹԪĴӣһŽ
ԲҵҲûŪֺͳԵġ׿Ӧеûȫָɴ£صǵĵطһһҹʲô׸ˡ
ƺû׿Ӧŵñһ˻硭
ڡƺۣ׿Ӧе֣ʮָۣô˵ҡչ˵úܺá
һҲá׿Ӧ૵ֻ˳һҲá
ŲҰײҰ׵죬
ʲôð˳òеѹΪôһ㲫еʧ
׿Ӧв룬ƫͷȥƺļͷڡʲôо
ۡû£ЪһЪͺˡƺȫۣ˿ۣǻ˵ø۵Ҫٸ׿Ӧˡ
дûЩʵ̫Ϊˡ
ѵƬ̣ƺһΧ֪Ǳ޳ʵǱץ֮Ѿܲµԡ
߲ɱǣһԹҪĥǣӵõİ취Լѣѳزӳȥˣھһˣ޳оһǽܻҲû˶Կο߻ܳʱ佫ʣ֮˸ơ
ǼȴЧ
ƺ룬Ըܸӽǧ𱻹ץǧΪӪԼգڰУԵĻ뿪֧ţûԼ׸ĿԸ
Ҳ֪ǲܶԼߵġ
һĻҲ׿Ӧһ뿪
Ϊɣֻϧðƽ߳޳ƺԸʮꡣ
ȻաѾ뿪㡭Ϊֻƺ£׿ӦС
ûãѹԪˣҹŷֻ֣ܻҡ׿ӦڨڨҺҵˣ㻳ˡ
ƺװҩĲʲôطԾոϾҲ˵ﲻԣҲûʲôĥ
׿Ӧ˼Ͻ⣺ϧֻʣ¹ԪˣҩûֻܴܸЩҩ˿۵𣿾ù𣿡
áүѧ˲١ƺ˹֣ǻǿ뿪⡭
׿ӦеʵҪЪɣ㡭
Ъˡƺŵѵ׿ӦиϽסƳһ۵ϵʬ߲ݺ󡭡һƬˮ¡ֻһ⡭
ˮ׿ӦãȻ
ƺ˼һհףɴȤáûɣ
׿ӦȻͷ֪˵ʲôá
ûϵûҲϾ㵱ʱҪæչҡƺǲ֪׿ӦʱߵĲҲ뵽һʱæңӵ뻳ǣˡ
׿Ӧ˳ŵκһˣ¶֪Ѻһ¾ǽ⻷壬оգǲ롣
ƺļؿ˼ˡ룬߰ɡˣõġ
׿ӦзµҩЧѾãԼһֲƺһȥʱ㣬ǰš
ƺֱۣȻֻаɳ˵Ҳʮ׿ӦеžȻѾʵ˾֡
ҶԷԼұҲǳǰûиʱҪöࡪҲһһҹûôʳ˴ôãôûз
׿Ӧע⵽Ŀ⣬ʵôˣ
ûʲôƺЦЦ֪ҵİлǸʿ
׿Ӧдתתŵûˡ
ƺûжʣһǳһŵطľߡ
ղѹʱƺûעڿľ׿Ӧкһͨ䣬ȥ
ΪԼѾˣͲðзԼ
Ҳûôִ׿Ӧвɷ˵Ȱƺľ֮ǰɵĲҩó˸е˿ȫһҩ˳Լͺץ˿Ҳˡ
ƺĽŵûЬϰֻҶƬôһڣҶƬˣŵ˿ںȫࡣ
ֳȣ֪ʲôණ׿Ӧµľ˿ڸȾϽӸСˮȡˮΪŵ׵ˡ
ƺľϣ׿Ӧϸϸذϴ˿ڻҩ̲סУá
ֻôһ¾ͺˣ׿Ӧͷ̧ȱ
ƺЦ˵ֻȱİ
˶٣˵ҵѾûκźˡ
Υ黰Ů洵Ĳʯ׿Ӧе졢ɸһȫͷƺһЦţҲǡ
¶ԷԼ׿ӦûƺִķԸȡҶԼ˼򵥵ĲЬǾʬռ˴ˣռȵɽľ׿Ӧţƺ˸ӵȣŽŵʹǵظ׿Ӧߡ
ƺˣ׿ӦĹǣо˲ܿнķ򣬸ǺܿҵЩõĹߡ
ҵ˱ʯƬʯִһѾöʱĴͶĹǼȡƬιǺͼ߹ǣʯͷĥ÷Щ˹ǵ͹Ǿ⣬ٽ㿪ƶǣ֬ȡѱã͵Ľƺȥѵ
ƺѹǵڳľϣһ·ô棬˲ٶǻĶ߶棬ЩֵԭΣյضʱͱðȫ
ûеǱڰŻ
ı¶ˡ
׿ӦпЩ׵ĹߣֳõѣεЦЦҰˡ
ҪҰ˻ˣɵġƺЦЦϣһܸҰװӡ
һģ׿Ӧƶ˵
ΪľȥѺõ̸
У֪࣬Ҳ࣬㲻𣿡оװƺʵܲţһߵѼϵҲέ˼װٴйȫϣҲӴ˱ţ޷ľӰǵжٶȡ
׿ӦȴʵڲģƺѰգ˭֪˻᲻ᷴУһεһ÷Ѿȥһ̫鷳ˡ
ƺεͲҵá
׿Ӧеؿ磬ƺ϶ԷܰԼô
Ȼƺܿһֱ߶šϱ˵ʲôǶԵġ׿ӦֺõЦЦġ
ǰһ·˺˵ҵһֻȥʱĹ꣬Ѿãǻƺ㽫ˢɾòϵˣ˩ľһǣʾǺöҨˮ
ôˣ׿ӦԼʧһľȡڨڨʵ硭ô죿
ƺˣԽ޳ôѾƾԪ϶У˵׿ӦԼȻҩЧٱпտҲȷʵЩܣǵøϽŪ֣Щԡ
ΪƺʲôУ˭֪ҲΪѵؿ׿ӦУҲ̫
װȱ˻֣ǴδΪ𷢳㶪װҲδɽﱻʱ
۸ܱɽǶϤժЩҰܹȻֲḻ඼ûģ治֪ʲôܳʲôܳԡ
ԭôģƺʵ
Чϣľȡ𡣡
أ
ƭˡ
ƺӺףҲδƭ˰ɡ
׿Ӧгһۣ
㲻˵ͬϽôƺЦһɡ
ʱֵ̫Ҫɽ֮ʣѡһСӪأһ·ǧһͨ룬״̹һȡŵҪȥһЩֵĹߡ
׿ӦмɵĽˣöԸһ֦һȽϴֵ֦ɣһһֲë
붫֮׿Ӧв֪ԼľȡΪʲôɹҪȱЩȼëЩѸٱøӦӰȡ
ƺùǾ˺һ򣬲һһСľľ壬СľһڴĿԵһȻ˿Ƚƽ̹ʯͷһСëڴľ棬׿Ӧùһ֦һͷڴľԵĶϡ
׿Ӧ㶵ؿʲô
ľȡľͷʹĦǣ֪ģ԰ɣƺùһֻ֣СľĿ׶֦һˣţ̶ס֦֦ѸתһִҪÿЩðǡСĸζŵµľ壬ˡ
׿Ӧƺתм֦Ȼûã֦µľĦһСɫľмһð˳
ƺʾ׿ӦɽţѴľȡߣëѾˣһ飬Խԡ
ëźһͨ׿ӦбһлԾ棡
ƺҲû뵽һӾܳɹʮֵ⣬ְԷһޣˣ㣬Щëûһ㣬õѡ
׿Ӧת׼õӲҶëųɵһűҪݸƺͻȻһס
ȡ̫רעûע⵽ʲôʱ£һƬƣ
ƺӹӣе죡
׿ӦиϽܵľߣȡ׼õĻѣæݵƺӾ͡
ôȥְ꣬մ֬ĻѷڲżǻֻؿһĻ类ưô꽽͸͸ģʹ˻ҷ
ƺˣѻѺݺһˤ𣿣
׿Ӧв꣬ϽԱľקɣôʹô
ƺڼϱһ˻ܵд飬Ϊ󣬼׿Ӧǰˣˣʶӡ
յɣסˣ׿Ӧвľꡣ
׿Ӧ˺ĲҶˮ©ǳûƺǿȶԷһ£ƺܴ⡣
ƺƿ׿Ӧһü
׿Ӧл⣬Ų°ͬһ£ľڶ£ưô긲ǰ
ƺͻȻͱˣֻ̾ҪҰһ𣬵Ҳ칬
׿Ӧؿϣȵ£ŵľɥҲһɨա
ʵ֤ȡ취УôҲûϵһء
û뵽ڴ˾أһƺ̧׿Ӧе°ͣЦ֪˿ɷһ׷󣿡
׿Ӧй˹ǣ˶Ļ⡣
˭˵ģҰȫ¶𡣡ƺһ˵ţһ
ֻϸϸǣ֪ԭӵ׿ӦԷ˿ڣ̫ƺʶһ㣬Ƶľֱ۾ӸµؿЦľǲӣû뵽á
Ϊһ˺ţδе̫ˡ׿Ӧе˵ؿڡ
ƺ۾ڻ谵⣬ǰˣȻ޷ңϻлգ˿ڲסƯģһ˿Ȼ
׿Ӧװﷺ죬ʪˮޱģⰵҹ˵Ĺ⻪
ƺ촽ҧԷ´ɿʣҼǵи˵˺һЩܹ֮񣿡
˲ûкһЩ
˭˵ģѾˣж硣
ӻѻһ죬ɱţˡ
ǲǴţԲ֪ˣ
ƺٴεͷȥ˫۵Ĵ첻ˡһѾס
׿ӦҲЩ飬㵽ףֻùգ˭֪һסۡ¡
Ļϯصģܿȥ۾ͱ˼˰ɣ׿ӦǱһŲЦ
ƺںĦݵЦԱ˼˵ͺһء
˭֪û˵꣬ͱ׿Ӧżȥ
ƺûӣ
׿ӦСಡشľָŲԶһñеĴ˷ܵغ磬лˣȥȡű𶯣
˵㳭ѣ¶ֱ˹ȥ
ǰлˣҶˣ㵹ˡƺȤȱȱ򱻻ŵǿĵ
׿ӦûϤʹͻȻϯȫ˼£ǿվȡ
ƺĵĺôˣ
û¶һӣ׿Ӧʹ˰֣
ֱ¼ŻѾܵؿ˼ӴĲٳһҩ裬ԥƬ̡
µһʱ򣬸һһҹŷǵڶȥһ춼ѵ˵ԵԽ࣬Խ죿
׿Ӧĵ׷һ󱯰ȫûѡ
ۿŻͿ챻꽽һᣬҩӽ
ɹȡˣϹעͺ֬ôֻ꣬ʣһӨӨĻ磬׿ӦҲ±ţ御ܵǵ꣬üȥҲ죬ѾС˺ܶ࣬Իٹв
ľߣѻһǰһͷöﵲţ磬²Ϊȡ𷢳ˡ
šƺغһ
˰ɣǾͺú˯һ칻ڵġ׿Ӧ֣ž̫ԾϽȥĶͷ͵һ
ʲôʲôƺǷˣ
лҪ˵
лƤͷ˱СɰҵӪҺ
ֺ֪ſdbqϹ


139 
һ, ƺʵͺľϵ˺أȻҲһһҹѹ
׿ӦôسţҪչԼ, ҪѰ·, ʵĲ, ǿʹƣۣһѾ˴ģ, ֻöԷġ
һ춼ججܣҲͲ֪ʲôʱ, ֻҪ׿ӦлڽǰԷ񣬺Լȴʹࡣ
׿Ӧֻ뿪ôһСͱӹͷﷺͳس˴󲿷ֵ֪, ֻһʶԼǧιȥðеġ
׿ӦЩƺȻߵ, ź֪ʶ֮ǰӵʱоǲů, ԭǻճġ
ŵذᶯƺľϷˣھεòˡ
̫, Ҳװģƭõת, óװӦʱʱ̹̿עƺ״ǿнԷľϢŶԡ
һ·, ֻƺľ飬Щ֭Һḻ۲˵ֲԣôǲȱˮη֣Ҳȷʵ
ûкʵҩģԲϣղŹ֡
³û취ܻѣҲû취ƣֵΣķʱ̣Ȼ׿ӦзҩʹҲҰƺһĴȥѰҹõĲҩ
ʲôˣֻͽ꣬ĥ
ƺоˮϣ΢΢һ¡
ﲻ©꣬ҲͣЪ׿Ӧеᡣ
ĸζޡۣתͷһԵ׿ӦУɻ
׿Ӧб˵ľֻü߿ôɵ£Ҳƺٷڣ㽫Էţľ֮С
ƺۣһֻ첲׿Ӧ䣬ģ˯һͺˡʵڲУաȥѰǡҶһ֦ա
ţ㱧ңҰ㽵¡׿Ӧסһֻ֣ڲԷ˿ڵӵǿű⣬ٵᡣ
նѡûʲôµġƺͷŶͷ૵ĳλӹҽ˵˵ڡҽΡ
׿ӦмһĻɵ֪үôˡ
ƺЦЦûȻû£ԼȶԱˡݶˡ
׿ӦûͨүԼȶԱ˺ݣû֮кϵƺǿŸ˵ʮۣ磬˯ɣ˵ˡ
ƺ޲ñ۾ͻȥӲ˯ţ硭
Ϊ׿Ӧлϴʾܾû뵽ԷĬƬ̣Ӧˣš
ƺ۾һ죬׿Ӧаҹ۾
ҳòСϸһã׿ӦƫͷԶһ£ͳס۹ɡ
ƺ˵ʲôᳪ
մȸϼȾգͮޱߡ
˼ϣڴ˼䣬ġ
μƽأŸԧɡ
쳾һΪ˼ס
׿Ӧгúܵͺܵͣ¾˭Ƶģƽʵɤ΢ƣһζһֻ֣ḧƽƺʹĵĵͳͳ⣬硣
밢ƽأͷ

ǣӡ
ȥǰؼ˲ֿҪһֺϷǰ˹ȥ
ϷݣԷһ
Ҫˣסڶ䣻ҲҪΪ˱ӣס䣻ƽҰҲãԼϢĿǰҲûиõİţҲĬˡ
ү΢ʣڸһ᷿Ҳûʲôֻһǽ֮ʲôŮҲܹƽҰֹ飬ֻðвʻض
ֻܵˣεҪΪƣͺ˯һҹԼƵҩ²չˣѺࡣ
δԷ˵Լװۣ⣬Ȼ˶ٳﻹǱۡ
һĵ
̴̸þ⸱˼ЦҪҿǿȥ
ᵽˣڴͷ쳤̾һ˱˻Եģ簡磬˾Ͷˡ
ɱҡվ·ƺ׼į˾ȥתһȦòŴؼšһϲһ徻ʡɫ˥ڣ࿴ᣬ񲻰գ
֮ǰҪŴֻүûչ𣬱ǽеС˸Ů̡
ˣждֽϣһţдñƽֻϸԼֲã˿ˣʲô
翴һҳֽ̾ϢǺֵʱҲô棬ҲһŴˡ
ֻҪܻԺұ⻹ϸٱ
ԴΪգۼƽһҹЩӹȥûյЦ
ȻĿǰƹܣƺ׿Ӧδûܸ˵ɿմͷɥģ绹Щۡ
ϾԼųĺӣôĶ֣Ҵ˴ж֮󣬳ǳײڣҲǾ۸źȿͷûҪ̫ࡣ
ļ򣬰οǹչ𡣺ͰгҲ޹أ롣ȥһСģ±ţȳǹȻҪñԼ
ţףһ硣ϹȦһûϢõӣǼһЦݣǿջЦģ˲Ȼ
Ҳû˵ʲôֻ֣ԹؿһöԷֱ۾ͷȥŵ磬ؼǹ
ţúˣصҡ黰ʦֻͨҪҶƽ㡣
𴽽ǣ԰׵ųЦݣ۽﷿ţ̧첲סĲӣɿһڣȴСĳ˿ڣ̲ס˻һ
ûüζǣ㰴ס֣װջҶ˿ѿô죿
˼롭ߵش㡱ֱ˺
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ɱСȮ˵ŹٸץЩԹ߷дŵСȮͰζƷǳŨӦòҡ
һһ䣬µسš
Զȥҧָ⣬ճյЦˡ
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ܼƽʹҲ˿
ӻͳһ·СȮݸǣ㣬˰ɡ
СȮĺڣƸ̿򣬻һưëûУʮֹɣ˵ȥһԣǷ·ǳϲҲȫȫβػһݵƽҰǰ񣬲ڨڨŲ˸תš
ҪСѾͷļٵײײش᷿磡
æӭȥסһˣģ㿴һ¶ûУ
۷Ứºһͨŵͷ˵һ𻰣ֻͷţ
ȻȥϢҸү˵ȥ㡣
ᣬƣػ˻֣޷ȥعɣ֮˵ˡ
ʵڵĵýԥһ£˵ͷᱧ˷䡣
˱Ӱҡҡͷ
Ȼһƣ˶֣ûѰ
ǱŲһͨȱˮٷ췭ˣӰûУ
鴧СȮţ·ûֱͣٷɽ¸ϡ
˩֮ʩչṦᳵ·ɽܿص֮ǰƺ׿ӦбټĵطСȮƺһϣܹѭζˡ
˭֪ɽкƸ¹꣬һƬŢԭеϢ嵭ˣСȮܶشһ·ԼأͣȻػͷһ˫۾·дΡ
ΣֻñСȮϸɽҲ֪Ϊʲôܾɽ֮ǰƺЩֹͬʧƵġ
Ҳϴʱǰ´ݾߣһ·ʹṦһһҹڼٷ巭˸顣
ĵһ㷢ֶûô
Ҳ˵һûУֻҲûʲôáﴹƽЦŭ²ĵϺ¶һƱ˵ɫҵ߿Ͱеĵطˡ
ƽҰţʱ̧ͷ۾˲ˣһֻֽ߬½ǣǿѹ߶Ҹˣ
̼ܣ˩˵ĺۼֻһ̼б޺ۺѪ̿𣬿ֻһ˱̣֪ǰС￴˹ƽҰһۣҿӦ˲ĳײһֱץôץˣӦҪ
ȻƽҰûоаοɫŻ
һȭݺϣ߹ץһǧУ
ηʲôʵλģ
̾ǡϴ·ߵ෴غûܾ쵽ǸɽڳĶѨϺѱϣ뿪ʱûнںãҺҲѷ֡
ô˵ǽ˴֮ˣ
߽ߣץȻǷӪȣɴ˵صҲ֮С磬أ
ȥ¥գǶصǸɽҲûˡ
૵ߵĲҪδɽ
лҪ˵
۹ʶϹдģϸɣ⿴ͳɡ


140 
߼ȻŪ˽ɰ, ҪץңδɽԽߣԽ, ʲô֪, ǾѵĲءƽҰȻ, ҾǲףץҸȥʲôҶ, ҵȥҸ
Цֹ㲻֪Ҳ벻סԷһпӣŻúǺ
Ҳҿпӡ, Ȼ촦ˡ
ٴĬƬ̺ܾЩ֣ץͰ, ΪβֱӴϳҪڰһ˰ȥģҲ鷳
Ī˵, ĳ֮䣬һ飿
ЦȻ, ˭ѹ˭һͷͲ˵ˣ˵߱ѹƲôԷҲܽ߬, ŸҺ֦ڡ
磬ȥɽɣƽҰͻȻ, ҵߣҰѸ绻߸Ҫ, ῼǵģ
ЦҡҡͷɵˣֻȫҪ̸ס㻹ǺŰɣȳְ۽ȥøƴ
Ҳڴ˵ؾ߶ȻǻץƽҰֲ֧穣Ѽˡ
ƽҰ룺ҪȻǶ԰ﻹлڣܻסҡ
ˣ˵Ż·ϣҺȥ԰һۣѾѪ˵ˡ
ƽҰһ㶣ɫʱñ䣺ƶᣡ
һȥסҲδɡº
òףԷҲ뵽˵ٶ̽Ҳܾڸӡ
ʼղȫٲȻҲֻܶɽȥˡƽҰȻ
ͻȻӣҲǸ취ϾҪѰͰУɽк͸ʵںʱ˴ٷϷ˼ԻСݣһҲסˡٷӣܰȫһЩ
ķ°ͣλô죿
ô죬ع˻ûã鲻ᶪҲ㵽ȥȻҲܿա
üŰɡعͼıҲûʲôͼģȥɽҲӡ
ƽҰ飺ȻȥϴιŹҺЩɽȥסǴҲΡ
סɽͲסˣҿǵض࣬ΧҲòء
ͷɣסĶȥٷ壬ѰʵĵطɽϵܲˣҲȱ˻ڳǿٷ֮ټδɽȥѰߵټþȳͰСմ׼ЩʳǾ̡
ƺڣʶﵱӿһ£Ҳûжȥ׼
磬ѽҪʳҩﶼ룬һһǰһмŲԶľ룬·
԰ƽҰҪȥȡЩһˡ
԰ڻȷѴмʬڵϣǰûҵƽҰû࿴ЩʬһۣȥԼȡ˸СҴȥܿ˳ǡ
ʮµʱѾ·ϱø⾲ףڳֻͳᷢ֨Ӵ֨Ӵ޶˲
ݳƽҰǰߵĳϡǷҪģүò׻ҪգΪˣȨ˵ʲôǾֻš
һϣݳ鱧ڳ
о˱ЩḧԷ޷ο£Ƕء
һ𲻾¡ͷ谵Ĺһ˫΢Ըңǲٻô
ЩΣ㶼ں˼ʲô
ЦЦؿڣϴ˵Ҳ˲٣²ϡ棬ҲԹɫȻסûϵģҲ±⣬ֻҪҾˡ
Ȼġ
Ҳûϵս֣֮ҳףΪŮ㲻˵ʲôˡ
⻰ĵůڵģⱾ
ĸ૵ǣҲǲĺ»ͷϡ
͡һЦѽʱ컹𡣡
ЦţƬ̺ʣ𡭡ϲʲôᣬҡҾǾԼ䲻ϡ
һֱ޹ǵСס죬Դŭҵľˣ˵ϲʲôοԼ
𡭡
ֵãһĳ˫ȫҲӢӣļҹﲻϲ˭Ҫ˵֣˺ǵ죡
ߣֻñȳǻҪ𣬵ͷȥ˲Ķǡ
ǲǲ᣿ǰ¶Ŀˡ
˭˵ģһ߽ȻҪЩУҾϲӢˬдһԺڣƯˡ
һƬŨ⣬μ˷ŵЩͻȻֹ鲻ɽ
ֱӣһְ嵶ϣʵ㣬ôͣˣ
ѾǰļˣѾ˳鵶׼ӭս
ͷԼҲ˶ţǡ⡱ͷˣԳ·ɻ
ͳù֪ǳ˳ǣ˴ξڣ

ƺղûǰ˵˯һͺˣյø
׿Ӧһϣûô˯ƺ´΢̱ȣＫȽꡣ
΢֮ʱȲҪȥƺ˵Ҷһ֦
磬磬һѡ׿Ӧҡҡƺļ򣬡Ҷһ֦ʲôӣ
ƺ̣׿Ӧҡѣ۾΢΢鶯˫һȦҶӣм䡭һ仨
˵˵û˵ɿģ׿ӦҲ׷ʣ˵˲٣ҶӴӹҨЩˮƺ촽ϣָһŹԪ
磬һ̣ʹȥҲҩлˮҩͻãģ׿ӦҲ֪ǰοǰοԼֻصһ߶߶״̬
ƺιˮ׿Ӧбľȥû߶ԶоʹϮڶٶȷ
һҩֻһҹ
ҩЧӵʱԽԽ̣Ҳɲԥ붼û룬ͳҩֱȥ
ʣֵܼô
ֻҪպܺԼûҩɳҲûϵˡ
׿Ӧľһ·ǰߣֻҪӲѵĵطͣһժģĲݣҡƺϡ
һΪ˷ֹɴҩȷ϶Էûʧȥǡ
ƺ׿Ӧе⣬ÿζ֣קһקӣյͨ죬ۣҪǿ˵ģû¡˯һͺˡ
׿Ӧм⸱ģۿᣬ˽ݶһһѰǸҶһ֦
᲻ʹɡ
Գ룬ܵˮȣԼ϶ǲˡ
ذҹҪӵɪɪȴȵֱ˴յͷȻһ꣬յʱͣˣϵֱ׿Ӧк䤱ڲݴﶫԴģоԼҪ
߹ⶾҩܷô
һ·ǿƿ˴СˮҲûټ㣬ǶСȴټ
ľţ嵹Ҳô׿ӦڲݴѰҲҩʱⲻ˸Ǵ򽻵
޳˼Щ¡ݾߡһףֱӰΣ׿ӦƺǸŹǵĳľֻĴô򣬻ɱӺƵýԼϴŵŲ࣬ȻһݻҲϣϵϡ
ݴһΣȴһֱʱʱֵĶͻȻ伣ɽվԭŶΧ
ͻȻʧĪǵг֣
۲һҲûʲôЩĲԶľϵƺ뿪
תʱ׿Ӧ۽ͻȻƳ˼ֲģƺġһȦҶӣмһ仨ʱ˷ܵؾ
Ҷһ֦˼壬ӦΧһȦƬҶӣмһ仨԰ɣ
׿ӦţϸǼòݣۼԵϣһãѸٷľߣὫƺҡѣϡ
ƺյͷ۵˿ƵģоԼڻһֱţʮȣӻδ˯ţһֱں˼ǸߵʲôϷϳģĹƽҰ֪ԼϢ˷磬Ϊ˾Լա
Ҳ֪׿ӦһֱԼĴѰҲҩվæȻԴ治ͣȴʼָ̧Сûϰ
׿Ӧ˷ܵҡļǲǡҶһ֦ʱѾƤһ죬ϤĲҩ˿
ҵ˰̫ˣоͲˡ
ƺΪ˵úܴʵӺߺߡ
촽ͣ⶯׿ӦæѶȥѵĻ˵ҪѾɹɣгĩǷ¡
ɹɣйһҵطϢû𿾸ɸЩ׿Ӧ˷ܼˣùԪɣŰҰǵضҶһ֦ȫ
˵ǿصҶһ֦ȫ޶ˣ͵ʯͷ˸׵̨ùǵûѵȼ˲Сغ濾ֲľѣɺĩֽԪ飬ַĩһιƺĿУֽˮտòҶ֮ιȡ
ƺʲˮ˳ߣ׿Ӧæظȥιˮ磬һöˮУ
ֿЩ⣬ӣƺһι˽ȥ
֪óԣԶָܻͽͰ硣ƺ¹׿Ӧ΢΢ģԼҲЩûûζ⣬ľǰߡ
һ·ʱʱͣ鿴ƺһʱȥˣ׿ӦͣԷţоȶһû½Ƶģļ٣ô°һʱ˰ɣΪʲôգ
ƺọ̈̄ȴֽű׿Ӧסʱɵһ飬˫Լ
ҩ׹ܲðʲôʱЧܶһô׿ӦпƺճɫƤ絶
ûü룬ƺͻȻ͵س鴤˲ͣȫһֱͦ
׿ӦŻˣס磡磡ôˣ
ƺۣȴǻɢģ΢΢ϷţƸû׿ӦеĻϵŤĭǡа
׿Ӧдû⸱ģŵûɢҲȥ˿ڣֻһסŬҪƽ
磬أ£Ҿߡ
֪ƺܲü׿ӦҲ֪Լʲôֻƴ
ƺֻǳ鴤һСһ̲һ̱
׿Ӧ˫۾ţëͣض֪ڱĥ޲Լʹ࣬ƫƫԼʲôˣмֱҪԼһճɻҽ
ӽ޳󲻹ǵ죬ȴǰƺʱʱԼϣɵʯĥϱĥ˶Ҫˡ
һССķգԭ˵ӣʵϣ̫ʪƺе˿һֱ׿ӦСشţؿںͽŵ׵ɷף˿ڻжûгɾƤԽԽڣұ۵ĵƤⷭ˿ҲһƬڡ
ظˣƺʱûж˵ʲôǿѾӣ׿Ӧ֪Ƕ˵
ⷢվͲǷգܿȵĻƺջӡ
̫ûˣԺҪúõӣȴƺͷնβá׿ӦбƺϰԼ䣬һ˫֣ᣬһʲôأһѣѹҰѵҶܰ쵽ҵȥûϵ
߹µҩһˣҶԷ㻹ûãǸô죿ѵ߲޳𣿡
˴
Դӱ׿ӦоԼÿһ춼ǿԼŬ׬ģһ㣬߸ڷͿԶ߲Էʮʱ򣬱ŽӿͣǱЩŪǱ
ͼƺˡ
磬ܸҲԼŬģ˵Բԣ׿ӦƺĶͷૣԡҲҪңԺĺӣͦȥɡ
ڵǻȥžأҪòã
ҲҪҡ
ǰ첻µز£ȴֻû㡣
ôңһ᲻һϵģԲԣ
һص֮ǰôķ̫ƽƭ˵ǻһ︯Ĵһ㣬Ȼ
׿Ӧбƺչ⣬ԼһûԨġ
磬þöûˣӦһɣôСвУ
ƺյù̵ĶͷסԷô涼治ȵ֣ɵľʹرۡ
йߵҩڣ׿ӦҲԼҲǾƣˡ
ҩҲʲôҩĵ̫ܻ࣬Ϳյġ
㱼䣬׿Ӧиоƺֶһ£Ѹۿ˿ɻеԾɫǺ죬˫۽ա
ֻǴɡ
ƺֶһ£ָ׿Ӧеֱϻûš
׿ӦеĿ
Ǵ
˱ܵԹʱ׿ӦԴ뿪԰֮󣬲ûʱٴƸĴţԾֻһ仰
ͬڡ


141 
ƺʶ, ׿ӦиоԼĹǻˣæָιһЩҩ˺öˮȥ
̫Ѿɽ׿ӦָоϤʹ, ҩЧ, ֻ֪ƺʲôʱܺ, ̫ʣµҩǿʹ, ֮ǰһľڼϣǰߡ
׻˵, ɽɽ׿ӦС
ŴɽڲԶڰһͷ˯ŵĹޣܸоֻҪԼӿŲ, ܿߵȥɲôͷ·̧ͷʱ, ɽƺûһЩ
ҩЧ, ҩʣ޼׿ӦֻܶһһΣһԼûҩ, Ҳмϣ߳Ƭء
ҲԵؾ쵽ζζ֮ǰʹ˺ü
ջ, ͹۵Ƥ, ԽƱˣ͵ҪԿƵģؿƵ÷·ʯѹţҲһ˫εֿסƾôŬһ
׿ӦиоԼÿһ޻ϣģûֺʲôסȣӡ
Լƺں滽һС͸סǲԵôңԶǿĵģΪˡ
ˣ
Ǳ㲻֪ԼжȻᵣĵġ
׿Ӧмѵ̧֣ãȻ쵽ȥֻװҩĴӣ˰쾢ſٳһţֶ̫ˣûץȣҩ边Ȼ˵ϣ
æȥ񣬺ǿҩѪһʺ죬ǰѾ̫嶫ܹƾɫϵ
ڸǰ־õ
׿ӦûΪʲôͻȻԼôֻܴϼǿҩ裬Ž
ܳõζճҩһ㣬׿ӦгˣʱŻſ˺üŻ
ƺں溰У𶯣
׿ӦҲˣǲܸ֪ƫƫͷΪװúܺãʵ˵ڷţҲЪҡ
ƺ˵ʲôֻŻˡ
Ҷһ֦ڻҩЧƺʶ׿ӦеĿߣ֣ġ
ľϱôãƺЩ̧ͷо¶ȺһЩϳ˺ູܶճܡ
ſȥ׿ӦУöԷϢһûڣľͣˣоֳһ͡
ǱϽ̶ôͶ͸ľķ϶ˡ
ƺһѾõ˲תͷȥ׿ӦУһվţûϥǡ
վûҲûͼǰߣֻ˸־ҿ˼ӱ˼硣
УУ𶯣ƺغǧ𶯣
׿Ӧк˵˾仰Ҳ֪ڸʲôƺû̽ŵԼԶп˿
תƵľβˣҵ֮ǰñõĲһ˰ľϣ˳ȥ
Ǹ̶ûжԶֻ˼ʹ˸ʵһЩأվȽߵߣϡ
Լһ׿ӦݵԲѰա
Ūúƺص̶ߣץסľϻѵ΢⣬ȴ׿ӦѾʣ
Уʲôƺʧɫ
׿ӦŻȻعŸճҩҩЧûӣû۵ܣûʶŸɴڵЪһЪҩ˵
ƺû֮ǰֻƨһƬʪζԽŨվȴһƬʪ࣬ʹ
𽥻ع飬׿Ӧʶʲôݽ̶ˣ
űƺĺ
׿Ӧмѵػͷ硭
ƺӦϽû£ˣϰǧҶץľϵӣſ
׿ӦҺ֮ǰǰڼϵģ䣬һסһߣתǰſȥ
ʵ̫ˣ׿ӦиоѬôһ粻壬һֱѬ޳ȥܡ
ƺվ̶ߣ˫Ųһľ
УǧҶץסӰ첻ɣ׿Ӧе㿴̶ﹾཹཱུǶΣյúܣǲСŪľѵ棬̶̾ͻһƬ𺣡
׿ӦϢѵҲġ
ǲ·洦ɼҶƬģϼͣľ׿ӦɱƽոһЩƺۿžҪľ̶ߵʱǸӷ΢ġ顱һˡ
ƺʼδͻȻû㣬һƨ˵ϡ
׿Ӧпһˣɺ磬û°ɣ
û£ƺæվ˫ץľһͷϡ
ʵڲڵҲֻƽһ룬ͷȴҲֻǰľǰק˼硣
׿ӦԸоûʲôƶ磬ЪҵѾˣקľ
ƺ˿ԭݽĴѾϳƽſϣ˿УҰͷһ㡣
׿ӦгȥҩѾã˿еܿקľߣִľȥ̶ϵƺץס˫ۣһѸȥ
ƺ˳һɣ׿Ӧ˶ſ
ƺˣ׿Ӧбһ߷ȥȴԷסá
𶯡ƺҴϢţһʧõı˫۽
׿Ӧ޹İһɽٺȻǻȫ⡣
ѹô죿ʵ
ƺٺ١Ц绵ˡ
ô׿Ӧ̧ȥƺĶͷһ඼˶ԷϣҲظоȵ¶Ѿȥˣֻһ΢̡
һˡƺԾɱ۾ͷǣôϸչңҵȻҪõÿһЩ
׿Ӧ۰磺õһҲ죡
ƺȥڵϡ
׿ӦоԼǿޣûӣ۲Ƭ̺оһ˫ȵĴԼϣͷᡣ
һҪᱡôﻶϲúܣֶһЩ
ֻ࣬ôˡƺֱ׳ܲЩη֣ԻָԪкô
׿Ӧ벻Ļ촽΢΢ۣײƺרעһ˫ӡ
۾á
ƺ˲ٵСȥǣУŻ˰ɣ
ûС׿Ӧ촽ӲСѡ
ִƺͳЦڶԷ䣺磬ˣٷ˰ɣ
ǲܺҵġҩˣɸô죿
ӦòᣬҸоڱ֮ǰöˡƺ˵ʵѹѣ۵ܣһչƺЩʹȫûˣȻûö٣˺ܶࡣ
˲Լͬתţա
¶꣬ĻڱɾˣһƬտӣģۻңĿ
İ֮˲ǿգܹĿ඼ֵˡ
ƺн졣ϦϦˣ⣬˺Σ
׿ӦЦЦϣۻ硣ϦϦˣ⣬˺Σ
ӶЦƺս׿ӦУһǣһɳ嶯Ȼ
УǳװɣĿƵҵȲȥ͡ˣ˴ڣҲ˼֤
׿Ӧؿ֮á
ƺ׿Ӧ˼²壬޷ңȫų࣬زǿջҰ֮¡
ϣΪ֤ƺƺ
׿ӦС
ڴ˵޽ԵԸĭͷϡ
bңͬѨν費ţ簉ա
˶ؿͷתŶԷĿﶼ⣬ׯصض԰ݡ
ƺһѽ׿ӦУϸ೤
׿ӦƺһҪţ㽫ȥһֳŵأǡ
ƺȴˣ°ϷʵʣѺ統ֽˣ
ǰյֽء׿ӦĿϸϸġƺĸоô
Һõúܣʶʶжãƺס֣뻳С
׿ӦͷƲƲ죺˰ɣϻǱ壬ֳҿɲ
Уίˣ̫ûϵи֡ƺߵȥ͡ޣհ죬Ҫ֣˶֪ҵġ
Գһ²˵֣׿ӦвЦôԸ
ԸǧֵԸƺֵֹģǶӣ˭ӡͷζ̫סƺί
ƺʲôһ๫׿Ӧߣİˡ
ӵЪ˻ƺǲ·ľѰһߵأӪկ
ߵظСˮӣ˰ˮ峺ף׿Ӧбƺһʯͷϣѵþ⣬ԡ
ǧƽտ̫Ҫ˿ȴЩץµŹؼλ
׿Ӧϸ˿ڸƤд˾ٶһŵĵطЦͿôʲôߡ
Բӣ㱻ҿˣ㻹ûпƺϾһҪһظС
ڣĪ㳤Сֲ
ԼģԼƺɫ΢죬ڻѲ
˵绰ֹ˼׿Ӧƺλ̬֮ȲҲ˿գڨڨѻ˻ȥ
Ҳˣ¶ǸҸʵʱʰɡ
˼ţ羱ͻȻҧһڣ
ûˣڸвá׿Ӧ治ɫӡ࣬Щ
ƺȥЦ
׿Ӧа꣬ϸϸϺ˲ҩ֮ԼȥҲûеɫĵڶԷǰŴƵĳ̶ȣƺͷȥԼдʵŻ
ǰüԲţ˼䶥ĥƺԣԹԲľϣ׿ӦС
ûôʵϡﻩˮһֱں˼룬̲סתͷȥ͵
ûʲôǻȼһЩӳˮӱ޳壬Ȼһİ̺ۣ覲褣ԵƤϸ֫ϸȴֲʧУ°еԣԳץָӡ
̫ɫ㣬ǧۣͷŤ˻૵Ūˡ
׿Ӧϴ꣬һ߿·һ߿⣬򵥳Թ·Ҳɵò֮࣬ӵľϣ˯˹ȥ
ƺڳˣ˯ţƴû˯ô
׿Ӧȴ˯ʱʱͻĶ£һŸҳ׷ġ
ԤԼʱͻᶾԷʼղ̤ʵ˯ͷϵǷ㶣ȻûãϢкʹϮøǿһЩ§סƺ
ʣҩڳһţֵ峿峿ԹһţڼԽԽ̵ķʱ²һʱƺܾͻ᳹ױ¶ˡ
ʱ򣬺Ҳ۰ɣ׿Ӧѹ룬Ҳû취ѽ
ҧһƺȴ˹
УôһֱҲ𣿡׿ӦеĶͷһֺ¶ȵûа
׿Ӧʹ˺ѷΣҪǿװûµӣ˵첻壺е䡣
Ϲ˵һͷءƺš
׿ӦоסǿʹͷƿƺתҡȥС⡭
˵ǵߵȥ
ƺĿӰòԣŵضУҪ˲ǧҡѾˣƤָУӲң֪ܰʲôôһġ
׿ӦУƵ˵Լûˣҿǿ´·Ƶġ
ƭƺֻƿ⡣
ЩС˼ԼҲϹģ֪ôƺ䣬øЩǾͼӽʱ·ܺܿ߳ȥ
лҪ˵
н졣ԡʫƷ硤ѡ
bңͬѨν費ţ簉աԡʫ硤󳵡


142 
׿Ӧзҩ, Ƭ̺ҩԷӣ࣬ƺ˯ȥ
ٴ۵ʱ, Ѿ, ΢΢ͷ, ƺ°͡
⼸ƺϳ˲ٺ룬ûԵ, ˡ
׿ӦԼȴֻ΢΢ðЩ磬ϸ
ë٣Ҳ֪ǲʱҩԵ, ƺȣԼȷʵе㡪ô˵أô룬п, Ҳʺӡ
һƺˣûҪƽϣǡ
Ȼ뵽ǱϷͼ, ӣһ˳ʹ, һ˳лĪǳлһǡӡ
ȻѾ˽δһ, ûԼʲôɫ͵뵽, ʱ
׿ӦбۣúôĦ, ƺܹ֮ʱԼٶȳܣһ˲ãģ嶸Ȼ˷Ӧ
ƺúܽ±Է֪Ͻ⳷ȻѾˣͷƺĵЦ
׿Ӧд󾽣Цʲô
Цĳáƺͷߺ̲סźݺһڣӣʲôҲõ塣
ûʲôõĵģ׿Ӧƿ俴ķ羰˵Ư߲ʹ⣡
ƺ˳ķȥּĵ˸߲ʹâҲ֪Ǵģҹͬ˼޳ӳͬɽһ㡣
׿Ӧеļ򣬲ɵЦˣܿⷬ£Ǹͷ˵һ뿪ط
׿ӦпƺЦչüۣȴЩ硣
ƺ˼ףҲϵ飬ľҪ·
׿Ӧмָܶ࣬ҲûֹԼʲôʱᶾҪҪǰҩˡ
˼룬ûʲôҪǵ򲻵ѵʱٳ԰ɡ
ǰһƬͣ˭֪ⱳǷ񰵲ɱأ
ƺЩĲɣȥǣ֣ʲôأ
Ŷûʲô룬ɽڸǰʲôʱߵء׿ӦĵȴоƺȻս
ˣƺǣߣ䲻
˴˿Ҫ߳һƬ֣ǰһĿأһҪǱ޿ɱܡ
׿ӦսǸŹǵľװ޲ƺǰߣΪԼŵѻеûڡ
Ѿߵ˿أʱñ͵Ϯ׼ȴƺ
ƺ׿ӦɻؿŲԶվŵĸˣĵЩ˾Ȼ͵Ϯǿ˭أ
˽һ̴óЩ졣
׿Ӧе⼸ǹŵˣ
ո˻ڡƺɫܵ޳׷ɱǣҲ֡
׿Ӧǰһ俴Ŷˡ
ƺӵľĲйǵͳںʽǼ˺ȵɣǻø·ء
ͷļԴǰˡ
˻û˵꣬ƺƿ֮Ϊа͵Ϯ˭֪Ҫָ̧񵲣һֻ֮ˣơһĿڣ
߼Ӧֻಡಡಡ˽мؿڵȥ
ƺһ漴˷ܵػͷſ˻֣
׿Ӧһʱ֮Щɵƻû׷ʲôվԭģһ
ðУҵĸǰУƺرסǵþˣ
飬һأպóᣬŷѵܵƺ׿Ӧиǰ˷ܵ磬и磬ˣû˰ɣ
ƺһ£ЦСģ
ɣջغ߹ƺɫ˿֪󣡡
׿Ӧп飬Ȼһһ£һ˵أǿѹӿȵ㺣˵ǣʵ̫ˡ
ƺ棬ô֪ģ
ﻹûڣŵҹҪȥٷ·ϮɱƬײ˸ڣƽҰɽúãҲˣҺȲˡ²ңû뵽һͿĸҪ֣ɴ˸ʹ죡
һʧ䣬ٴαþ񲪷׸Ⱦˣƺ׿ӦӶЦ鶼ɡ
ƺΪٷ
ΪҺɽͷһ飬ֹѾ׳˵أɽҪȸڰȫһЩƲϳδɽסٷ壬жҲ㡣
˷ܵסڹٷɽϻмԻԺӣʱطסһԺӲԶȪأ
ƽҰҲסڹôƺ
ͷǣعе˶ڡ
ᵽ鲻ţƺû˵ʲôƬ̵ҺƽҰʱסһñһѶˡɣ磬ҺͰȥǸȪԻСݴţˣӳ顣
²˳٣ƺԼ׿ӦУѸ뿪
ʱƺͷ˿ľʬ壬ܾЩ֡
Щ˺ɱǵģ˵ˣʲô
˺ܿ쵽ٷ壬ɽû߶ԶִǷԻСԺ
СƺѸٷعţ˴ʸ
ʱ׿ӦкƺѾԻԺӴɨסˣһƺͷģһѱס
磬ɰˣݺݴȭ׿Ӧס
׿Ӧε㣬类ߴһˡ
˵ˡڨڨջ֣ᣬ緢ǹǵĵطأô
û£ֻ̡
ʹضӣʱ˸йϡ
Ǹһĭݺ
ƺû£չ˵úãҶָòˡ
ɷ˵ͺüͷ塣
׿ӦнŵؿųĽۡ
ţܾȡ˫üչ˲Լͬ˿
һɴ೶ƺǼõ£¶ˡ
ƺ˸ۣ˹ĵô
ǱˡˡˡˣԼظѪϺɫ粻ס죬ͷȥ͵͵ᡣ
ûˣаҵĲҩõúܡƺæ·׿Ӧֹ
ү쿴õЩҩԲԣ׿ӦвɽţŪʲôƺ˿ڲܼʱȬ
ɫüܵˮƺ·˿ɣӦûô
Ҿ˵ôŪġƺƿҲкŸôˣҹһֱ麹
Լ׿Ӧụ̂õúܣ㻹ǿ˰ɡ
Եÿ߰ɣվˣݺúüһ顣
ܽı̺ãƺ¡
ƺĿ֮½ȫ飬Ľ׿ӦУ׿ӦҲѧŴ˿ڣ˺ܿƺȫ˶ˡ
ظˣ鳹߹΢ۣҪһܺáУ֮ǰ㼸䣬ȫˣܺáӲƽܴĹ͡
Կ佱׿ӦЩڣƺǺñϢɡ
ôˣүٿˣܿ㣬˵Ǻáƺ׿ӦеЩס󣬡ôôູôôү㿴Ȼ˯
׿Ӧ֣ӴڲŲûµģҪ
ƺľٶЩ֣ͷؽᣬȻȥæУУôˣ
ۼֿס׿ӦУѾʼ鴤ץӸʧɫʲô
жƺס׿ӦУȻò԰׵ףסˣû˵
ǰƺ˿ڵʱ׿ӦбöҪˣӲŸˣ˶ʧ
ζ֮ǰЩʹҪʽƵģڴڵصѣȫͣ˹һֻϺס
ƺʲôȵϲˣ˱ڻУļ٣Уңʲôôж֪һ˵үźö֢ҩ
׿Ӧɥʧúܿ죬ƺߴƵģԼԼѵſۣ㿴֮˵ݣҲ֪ԷΪԼôġ
ʹ㰲ȫ֮Ҫģ׿ӦԼľϣǶ߶µؿʼ̹ףǹ߸ҡԵġСһţڡ
׿ӦָָĲһѳﵹֻһţζԭж٣˼ţ
ҡš׿Ӧسסƺӣ۾ʧ硭ԡԲ𡭡Ҳǡġԡ͡ûС
ɵϣôأƺô£׿Ӧнڻ絶˳£˶ԷĶͷϡ


143 
һǹߵĹ, ĥңȴðзӽ޳󣬾Ϊðвͣس, һжҵĴƺ׿Ӧеģ, ʹ顣
һֱ, ׼Щϡ࣬˽, ȴǰ⸱һôˣ
ƺ׿ӦУ۵Ը, ˵
˹߸ĶƵҩǰֻǻ񫡭
񫡭ؿƺвϳ鴤ͦѺ׿ӦУȦʱ, ֮ǰһЩˣ˰ҩ񫣬ԭǿ׳ı, û¾˥ܵΣ·ߵʱֻʣƤ, ôõİУѵҲô
˳ӣСʣܽô
ܣƺ͵̧ͷ, һˣһ, Ӳ׷
׿ӦԼ⻰޳ָ߬ƺӣܽ䡭ǡҪġǲǡǡȨ֮
, ףܾͱ˵ˡƺ庢һĺ󱳣һֱ㣬ģ
׿Ӧгһ亹ëˮմʪˣһһ縵ģüýģȴҲһֻóۣȴŶôʹࡣ
ƺ⸱ģ۵Ըӣ֪Լʲôֻܱв£õģһã
˷䣬ҿʱǣлһţоҩԣ̣ǳʹࡣ
翴˿ˣĨ˰᣺ﶨҪѹߡģ˵ٰʽٲ˵ˣֱӿ
ӦȥŪҩô¡ǿźɫҩ裬üͷ
ʹͷţ
ԻķʮּªⴲҲǺľӴģֳӲƺ᲻׿Ӧϱߣһֱ
УҪܣͺܺһ㡣ƺо֮һֱԭôӴ˿˵Ĺң浣⹭ŵ»ͻȻϡ
׿ӦηˣƶʹϰΪǱȵһλأܿάһԼݴ󺰣ƺ̫ġ
û¡ġԭؿͻȻ˿һһġڡöˡ
ƺ֪ûƭˣΪԸоͻɳ̱÷·û˹ͷ
ˮ˽׿Ӧѵģ˱ˮݸƺȵˮɡ
ƺӹˮյ׿Ӧдߣĸζ졣
׿Ӧв죬ССˮ΢΢ۣ˿ŵı飺𡭡Ӣˡ
ʡʡ㣡ƺΪ»ЦԼеȷŭۣ˵һһףҪһȰԼأأ
׿ӦƣЦˣЦҲúܣһת˲ŵ̻ͣ˺һҲԼ͵ڡҡԼ
˵ˣС꣬ٸˣƺ֪ôźãֻɫؿȻתͷһԵ磬үأҩŪûУ
͵رŻعȥɽҩˡ
һˣƺüӦһȥ
ˣһϮô죿粻һ¡
ƺҲû˵̱ȥ׿ӦУͷҰѵܻסУΪˡ
˰ʱʲôҡӴ洫վڴôˣ
õˣ˵һһģ֪һʲôʱ򡣡ƺһ¨ӲҩΣŪôˣ
ҡҡͷĿоǴܣȻ˵Ҽҩɡ
ӦȥδҩġôҩŽݡ
ڴߵϣżɽⶫϡ棬Ҷ֮ǰ˾ùƵ⡣
ƺü룺깳
ţֶеĲݣǰ׶ӵűϸ¹ֶ۵ˣþ
Ҽǵã˲ҩӲκõġƺ£¶ɻ󣬡ɹȥҲͺô
ɫϾڣҩ˶깳˱Ķһʱ֮Ҳ֪ʲôǿԶ϶ҩгԣÿηǰһθʹ࣬ԵԽ࣬Խ󡣡
Ŀ׿Ӧϣһ˿ɰѾˡ
ƺɫһݣ
˵̹׵һǶԣһǳԣ㶼Ҫ˷ǹⶾԡ㻹ǵŷǻôƽιƶһԵĺӣ۵شܹܵˣ
ܣ˼֮ǰԷ֪ô¶ƺϡΪǴΣǸʱǻȥⶾҩˣҲѹôԼûв
Ƕж᷵أʹľϵԼôԶ·˵һܿסֻʹ࣬ѷǳˡ
ƺʹԸӣҧֻҪȬҶȥ
̾˿⵱лҩ񫷢ɣСڹͷĥȥһԸҩĿܣЩûǵģΪ˽һʱ֮񫣬ʲô¶ó
вģҲûܸҩ
˵꣡һۣûУѵͻ˵Լҩ񫣬һ𣬻ԳܣҲİûҵͦȥ
ġġƺˣԹԵ˵ҩΪ˾ңҲΪͦȥ
ε˵־ûйϵֻ˵ļйϵڼԲºȲ£û취ҩһҪʲôȥ⧡
˵ЩûõġƺЩҩȫУʮȫ࣬ڣڰ޳Ҳߣʲô깳
У˵ǰˣ¶˵Ҳѣһǰγԣ취ɽеǽⶾĲҩһǰҩˣ־ʲôоͶʹɡôңֻ˵ʵһ·ߵȻʱ䲻ҲͬۿҲΪۣŭ
ƺû˵̾˿תȥ
׿Ӧиոջ˯һԼƺţ΢΢ۣƺ𡭡Ϊҡܡ
û˵Ҳǲ֪ƺ£ϣһ㡣
硭𡭡ҡҡʲôġܡȥ
ƺĶͷ뵽ҪܵЩĥ鲻Խ᣺һܰȥһ
ûã׿Ӧֿʼ˶񺮷еҶƺоԼʹٲһЩ˱ʲô¶ˡ
ԼЩҩҩʲôǶҩҩ壬Ҳ鲻ܲ׿Ӧҳԣֻƺι˰ٽⵤ͹ԪȻӡɽһܲĶ׿Ӧ¹ࡣ
׿Ӧжʱ˺ƱסƵģ˵޷ʳƺظιιȥ١
ԼҲһˣȵҲýˡ
ҩȻҲͬķʽιģԶĳɷڣʺƺȣǺȶˣܻʹ˼Ӿ硣
ҲûȰ֪ȰҲûʲôá
׿Ӧж϶طϤ˶ޱȿҩԣһαһڶ峿̲סʼʹ
硭Һۡ۰һߺţһ߲ۣͣĿɢţһͺ۵ƺĿڷ
ƺһֱƾԼһֱŻɿ۰£ſԱߣ֪ۣһ̣ͻˣһֱ㣬뺰ͺ¡
׿Ӧ촽⶯˵ʲôֻ̫ģƺ̫壬Ѷ˹ȥУ˵ʲô
硭ˡɡ׿Ӧбᣬ૵ɡҡסˡ
лҪ˵
͵ڰԼ~᲻Ϸ


144 尾
ƺͿ, ΪѹǶڷ
ôһǿˣ˵Ļǵжܣ
˵ʲôƨƺҵҪ, ҲûĿôίŰҾȻ, ѵΪ⣿
׿Ӧ֪޾, ڴϷȥܵܵ, ÿһ䰧һƺϡ
׿Ӧٶ§Уĸζˡ
, ѭΪ׿Ӧкأ̾˿
үôֻۣƺðһźⶾԺ񫲡, ʲôܣ
ˣ㻹ָٳдһƪô˭ж˭֪ûܸͬܡ
̧˼ôҾ, ܸܲЩֹʹҩҪǻб֢״, Ҳö֢ҩ
Ҳҩֶ˭Ǵܱܲң
ʲôͷ, , ˵ܱܲô壿
⻹תעתܳȥ
׿Ӧд˷ܵʹ, һۣʮ־ɥ
Ϊʹ࣬Ҫʲôã
ǰ˽굽˼£Ҳ֪Լʲôܰæֵ֮䣬˲˸飬ԷйĻҲǼ¡ÿһ˵飬򲻵ѣҲȥָ˭ŻһڣЩڡ
ԺڷŪЩɹŵĲҩӰԵʮּȣ߹ȥҪ䡣
ҡǹġվ󣬼ѵˬƽ켣һȺм䣬Ҫӣ˿ԣǵͷϴЩѡ
תȻӵУ°͵ϣ̾˿
˵öԣңҲָʲôҹˣֻǡǸӣҲܣҪҵҩﰢмʹͺˡ
ĺ󱳣룬ⶾȫ㣬±ָˣл׵ģܹ㡣
ṦãΣǴһЩ棬׿ӦǸģҲֻ̾Ϣοƺ䣬˵ƽҰ
ˣһ뱻˿⸱ӡ׿ӦиոշһʱܹϢ˯ȥƺ֣飬ˣȰк˵ɡҲȫǼŵӱɱ޳󣬴ɱǵҲɵˣߵȲǻȥ֪ʲô
ͷ⼸ҰٷѲһ飬˼أǶһЩ
ţҵܰȫôҲû
Цһǲõòˣ
ƺ׿ӦвŶͷϵĺܾЩԾս޳ļŵӣȥɱǵģȥǵģɵҲϹ߸ס
ŵϴ󵽵˭ĳ׻ǹߣɵĳ֪ôĥôҲǳ˰ȸȣⲻԼԼô
ߡһҲΡ߲ôڣе˺Ͳ֣ǹֱ͸Ǹĳ¡
ܲƶϡһǶͬĳͼѹƣ˭ҲѹƲ˭Ҫ˴˺ֻһͬεԹżСĶԷƺڶĳײһĳ׵֪ΪҪ밢УҲӡ
пܰĳײǳ֮ôǰţһһأɸ봫飬ҲҪһЩʱա
ɣҲѹֹûаҺͰֱӽʱֻƺУ֮ǰƶ󣬱Ϊ֮ĳ׷ɱǣû뵽ȫǹԳ棬ǾãĳѾܾûˣ
༸׷׵ͷ
ĳһиҪҪѾǣɱǹɱûʲô𡣡
룬ЦǺ棬ĳ׺ĳң·ɣ֮Ͳô
ﷵعƺĻתƽҰƽҰԭڴ¶ʧ䡣
Ҹ绹ôͬۡƽҰ̾ϢҲ֪ﴦʲôλá
ЩΣ֪Ӧһ˼ҵļ£๣׿Ӧ֮ƺ壬ϵƺԸ߹ƽҰĺãһˣö졣
ƽҰҲƺʶԼʧԣЦܴǲԶǧңһ¼ʵǽ顣磬
İɣҲ˵ġļ򣬡үһ壬ܣȻġ
ҵǿںδ˭ѣȥȣЩˣ¶һİɡƽҰɫ
ﲻ֪ô£ŹôѲɽɩӵĴҲҪô
ɩӡܱȵôƽҰҲţô飬ܱһȡ
ǺӻǸһôֲǲ֪ΪܳǸˣֱͬһģ̳ġ
ƽҰЦǡɩӡô
ֻСӵĸ磬ЦİɣɩӣԸͬˡˣϹˣȹӰȫһЩԻ㡣
ЦЦת뿪ȴ֪ƽҰıӰɫﰵҲԸͬ

˵һ£񫷢һ£ӣʹٱ
׿ӦлܿһѣٺȫʧȥʶҲ˻þ
һʱ䣬оԼ׹ѪصȫѪôϴϴ˳ƿǧӣͬٿ̡
һ˲֮أϵѪƺʣһȶȣӹͷﷺź⡣
һתۣеʹƺʧˣףֿûĵĵɵﶼƺˣֻԶԶվǰߣһӶתȥ
׿Ӧлŵ׷ȥ§ס޺磬ߣң
ƺ֣ͷҲصأˡ
׿Ӧȥ׷ȴôȣֻؿԶȥɤӶԷûлͷ
ձ޳ʱǸغһ𣬱Ķ;ٴν׿ӦвҪϢ
ΣһǸΣ粻뿪ң׿Ӧ¼ˣпȥסͷײ૵˾ͺˣ˾ͺˡ
ײɰ˽ȥȴһ㲻ʹҲûѪһͷѾײˣȭͷôһӡ
ΪʲôΪʲôûѪ׿ӦоֵѵѾҲ绹أ磡磡
ײײԶȥǿտ˵ĻҰȥÿһ·ʧһֻǰͣܣΪһ·
ʵУƺľ˾ż׿ӦзһƽЩŲС˯˹ȥ׿Ӧһһ˹
۱㿴׿ӦкֿʼڴϷȥͣͷȥײǽвϺţ硭硭ġҡһšһšۡ
ƺŻˣһѰϽһԼ֣ʹ׶Ĵ̹ǡ
أģԶ뿪㡣УѣۿңڣͰˣͲجˡ׿Ӧסײ÷ĶͷеȻţúúõģŰУǰݹˣҪͬ
˵ҹʱ׿ӦпʼץԼÿһޱȣǰ覵ƤץѪۣƺΣֻٶαס
ʹѰ׿Ӧ̲סζȥӣ֪ͣŤ
ƺûָ٣ܿþˣƲס׿ӦУֻô
ס׿ӦУǿƤ˿ǻɢģûѣȫʶΪָ˺üص
ô£ⶾʲôоƺ˫Ŀ죬ᣬʲôʱǸͷѾ࣬ôȥŲס
ĬƬ̣ΪѵӦÿˣѰʱӦҲˡ
ʲôӦá㵽ûи׼ƺۿ
ûСشͷ⼸ܽⶾҩҲòˣ˵㣬ȻûбⶾҲӦöγˣҲûжļӦǳ弫ȿǶҩҪ־ȥԿֱϰ޶״̬Ȼͻָ
ƺ⣺ų˼ҩô񫣿
ҩ̫ǿˡ׿ӦһͨסԵ̫ƵȻҲųҩڼһαһζ̵ĿܣҶ԰е˽⣬ǶӦǲԵġ
㣡ŪƺִֽŵӺǲĿצӣٴΰ׿Ӧб
׿ӦһܵɿʶץӣڵƺȫĶ֡
ĵаɣϻأôȥòˣҲòˣ
ƺ׿Ӧаڴϣ֫ѹס֫ŤͷԴ೶ЩҺһ𣡡


145 Ȭ
ʹһŴɲ, Խ׿ӦкƺʡͰΪ˱֤ȫòҸ²󣬴Ӵȸ
֮, ƺǽ˷, ڵ¸׿Ӧеӡ
׿ӦзŤ, ɸ첲ֱ۾ˣʮָҲƺ, Ψһָܶץƺֱ
ӺѾסˣȫֻийٻʶоԼֻʣһƤ, ƤĶ˳ӣЩҧ⣬Ѫȫ, ʹ衣
׿ӦЩӸߣȥץӱҧĵطֽȫ, Ψһܶľ͡
ҲǺõģҧֻ㼸ֻ
ܵһ, ҧƺļͷ
ΪЩޣ׿Ӧ켫ݣȫеҧ, Ҫ缰ʱֹ˺ƺһ⡣
, 緢ֵʱƺļͷѾѪ, ҧһԡ
ôôס׿Ӧе°ͣɿڣӡϵһ鲼
ƺʹҧɣֻҪܻʹࡣ
һƺϵһ߹׿ӦͲõһŲʵҪۣҶ°жˡ
ƺüĿң
ôңͳƣղҧǺõģһҧסأһҧ㲱ӵѪأûҲ
ǹҧôݣš
øϻߡ磬ٵſֻͷŴһĿԧ¾ͺ
ƺӱǿߡһעȫ׿Ӧϣֽűͱ£Ҫƴʹ಻
ȥ䶸ȻžԱСϵһ綹΢΢⻪ӳݣĳⱾǾõɽҹȴΪ׿ӦвǱԵޱҡ
Щƺｫ׿ӦбڻУ˿ڻãؿڴЩ̻ƤһֱԸԭз׵֢״ڱ׿Ӧвøĵۣܵʹȫ޷Ტۡ
ľַֻʽİСͬʹࡱ˾һ󺹣Ƥĥ䣬ȴûа컡
УСü˵𣿡ƺ͵͵ʣ֪ܣҪѹҰɣ𣿡
׿ӦлظģһӷзСһءƺ¡
찡һʲôݶвѪ˿ǾֻҪðԸٻʮ꣡
֪˶೤ʱ䣬׿ӦпڵԼҲûؿھӱǻصغš
ſƺϣڶԷ࣬ﱻŲӣüоӨĿˮӴǵ䣬ԭݱĥòҰ㲣ƺ
ԴԼбôĥѣƺİ˶סûã
ͻȻһж壬ʲôʲô壬ͨͨҪˣ
ˡӲˣƺ޷Կصӿ˳˻ţͼʲôͼĲǸƽϲ֣̫Ϊǣ̫߿ԼʵҶԴ˵ʲôأҪɱˣҪбĽʿûңˣ
УֻҪߡҸɽˮĵطǷӡӣ˵鿴·羰߱ףҪȥʲô󣬺粽㣡һ̫ˣֻƽƽĹ
ѹɡ
ͻȻ䣬ƺо׿ӦеĶͷ򢴦˲䡣
ΪǴǶԷ䶯˶Դ˭֪Ƭ̺Ƕͷֲһ£Ȼ΢΢б
ƺƫͷ¿׿Ӧ΢΢ۣͷĿ󣬱㡰ءһ
Уˣ𣿡ƺš
׿Ӧбգգۡ
ƺͷ⣬д⿪ǵĲ׿Ӧзûȷһµĺá
΢΢𱳣ƫͷȥս׿ӦеǶڶԷеĲ˳һߡ
Уƺ̽ʡ
׿Ӧǰ̽̽ͷƺһǣȻһ˿΢Цĺǣ롭顣
ƺصƬ֮ŷӦͷ󺰣
ԺֵأԼȫĪһ˻ߵģ֪ʲôʣŵðȾܡ
һż׵Ĵ̣ʹֵַأҲַڴϢ
䲻ƺĹŽѣһµ˯ۣϵȥɣҳȥš
һͷݣû˵ƺ㾪ϲسУѹˣо֮ǰҪѣ
ģһҲЩ˷ܣյ׿ӦǰԾɱۣë΢΢´ƬӰѹӣƺֻ̫þĵؽһУ
׿Ӧл̧Ƥү
ˣϲ˹ǿƤ˿ͫ׾۽֮״ȥ
ƺԼȻˣҰ˭һһĸǣү᲻
׿Ӧеã֮ǰƽȶˣ񫲡Ҳ˲٣ٹ۲ԣûзǾǳ׽ˣУʲôо𣿻̵ĸоô
׿Ӧвͷſƺؿڣûˣǡое顭
ƺ̲ס̧ͷȡţմģǽ⿪аȥ
Ȼƺ̬Ⱥܲ⣬׿ӦͦⶾĥȷǼϲ£ʱƺĺȺȣֽذѰϵĲžܳȥҩ
׿Ӧ̱һ࣬ƺʵʵ§ڻĻŭݡ
Уﲻ𣿿ɱŲ˵үأʲôΡƺٲȻѾ֮ǰѴӹҽʱˡ
ġֻ顭׿Ӧ΢΢۾ûӺ񡭡աͻȻ׵ġ
ƺףףףĸΰУЩˣʲôıӵˣ֪ôԺĴˣţۣ
׿ӦͲѪ˿۾˴ˡ˴ˡ
ƺȻȷʵ׵ضҲԥö裬ôָأ
ӽǶϧԼˡ͵͵˵ϧԼҲڰϧԷ
׿ӦЦôǡɵӡ
ƺȻһƺţ׿Ӧ촽ѣִԱСȡˮСιԷȥ
׿Ӧкȱˮ죬˫ָһЩյӨ̺죬Ҳָһ㡣
ƫͷ˿ŵһסЦЦ
Цʲôأƺ档
šʱ򣬷˰ֽţлŲšΪ˰ˡ׿ӦСȿȡ˻ƵҿĳˡļҪȻܻᱻιȥ
ƺͷȫˣ
㡭˵ҪӲɿʼɡ׿ӦͷȤ治ˣ
ˣ˭İ˭ȥˣҾʹɽȥ͡ޣҰѴ˴¶취ߺЩŸ߹ٺ»ȥģһӱæľȥƺߡ
׿ӦСŶһȥɣҵȥʦ
ƺ
ˡ
ǡ㡣ƺڨڨ
׿ӦпߣŲǰ;ϵˡ֪ⶼҡ飬ĹѪ˵׾׵ĵģǾʹ뿪㵱ĵ£
ƺ̾˿ΥĵŲΣҾˡ
ȷʵбĽʿҲ֮ʿǣ㡭Ϊͷ­ѪƺǡǧӡӢۡ׿ӦͷԲԲ۾ӰԣҰģ㡣
Сû˵áֻƺĶͷȻ
׿ӦбסĲӣӢҲͨˣҲн׹һ졣ȴһˣֻԸ߾̸޷ҵǧܵǹ⡢ɽҡͷϡ
ƺǳѹֲסļ¶ͷȥǵ˻Ǿ˴˼ֻԷ
Сһ֧ҡҷӳһԽٺˡ
ɽ£ΪˣＸӽѲߣҲûʲô鶼࣬Ҳƻָ
ټϴֱΪƲͬҩ˺ͻָԪûգ˶õ߰˰ˡ
ϴδҪ꣬Ҫس㲹ͬȥ˳Ҫҩģ׿Ӧе֪ӣȥǵĿջڰеƱȥ̽Ƶĵȡ
⼸ƺ׿ӦǱˮȣȴ͡
Ϥ£Ȭúܿ죬⣬Ѿܻ
סڹƽƽҰǼûæѲɽڣʱ䶼档նڷ㲻Ҳûƶ͸͸پܹһ๫ҵӡ
Ȼ˲޷֮ʵ˴ദһԷޡ
ԣۣţһˣоֹҲڿıԼһ棬ͼֵøء
ֻƵءɳԵЩ죬ȫ۵ס
ȥȡ˵мʱ˹õ֬ӣĽȥͣſڡ
˵سĲǸŮͷүӣüʲô
Щֱ֬֬׳ȴҲࡣ
Ե׵ӾϻˣסɽͿ֬Ĩ۵ĸ˭
ô˵ŮҰƯԼҲãδҪ˭ġ˳Щ㲣ڷб¿ĲЩ֬ˮ۵ģ´һ£֣ҲʤްסȥԼȥá
һϯֹСӻͦùˡ뵽ƽߴװʩۣ֬żŮװ磬ܹʩʱȷʵҲ㶯˼æҺһȥ
֬ӵĻƸæӭͣ㿴ںЩŮҵһ֪㳨˺ơ
ǳżʶ㡢ˣԼ˽Ҳ˵粻֮˵ͷĿѣմһԭ򡪡õģȥҲø԰ڡ
ƽʱҲûʲôһЩӣټϿƺƽ˼ݣֱ𷢵Уºø˵ϣԩͷ˵һױƷױۡۡ֬֬͡ȵȲһ㣬ž͸ûʣӡ
ƼδƼȡһֻСɵƿЦеʵλҪҪٸƿˮһͿྱ࣬ԡʱҲ㣬С̫̫ϲˣ
鿴ƿƯζҲţ˼Ҫһƿ
бζôôսҲŵ˹ˮܾζ̫Ũʺķ
У˵űһľϻӣ֮һɻϵζֱѬ͹
Ƭ̺󣬴ϹЦ⣬һ˱˸ðƤʵʵĴľӳš
ƽĿԶȥŲ˲һͷĺĿ͹٣ôأ
ƺ׿ӦлѾָûԻСԺ˹ţŲṦĹƽҰǺ
˻ɽ׿ӦҪĵȥ²Ȼ˹ţһһ²𿴵жôϲ
˭֪һŵĺԺվ£ĨᣬԶƽҰվţ֮ɫ
һ̻һЦͼװʲôû磬
߹ȥס֣ƽҰʵʲôˣ
ûʲô°˰ɣǻϢȥŹƽҰҪط
Լڵʱ۸ưոݣ׷ʵûʲô
ûпޣСɳۡ
ƽҰ磬ŵ׷ʲôסתߵĹƽҰߵǰ𲻱˵ûϵĪҪңҲ֮ʲôҴ϶˵ĺá
ƽҰûӸߣ΢΢°ͣһʢ˵ģؿ˲Զһֱۣ˵ҲУϣ㲻ҪٸҸ£Ҳ鷳Ůߣ
лҪ˵
ˮǹŴʰˮѾ~δֽǾޱˮ~


146 Ӱ
ƺ⼸Ƥ˻ָúܺ, һһ⵱Ҫİðװ֣˿̱ڳڰˮ
׿Ӧг˯˯˳, оԼܿԲ, Ҳвס, 뾡ָ״̬Ժһ֦Ȼ, Ȩ
ÿһĻ㽫Ľֱ, ţ
׿ӦзǳģסѾΥĽᡱһνʣڿСৡ輸, ˸Ժϴ˼ҶƮȻء
ѽ֡
ƺڳű, ˫ۿӯӯЦ⡣
׿Ӧе, ҲģĶһţָòҲ, 𣿡
ɣ΢е㴭, նһͺˡ׿ӦĨһѶͷĺòĵ, ˷ܹܵȥܰѵҿô
˲ǣȥõģ㣬Ҳһ۸ôȤݹȥ
ƺ֪ʲôʱߵƵģĵ㿴ʲôûء
ҡһ湻ûĵġ
Ҳ﷢ⷢȣȥݵˮȡ
׿ӦаĽһϣѾȲذѹߵһ㲼⿪¶ѵݡ
ʺͨûֻڵװΣţĺ䣬ΪƺȻӢ˵Ļڡ
γѵѩһƥ죬ʰɫ¿ɼƣؿѡĶֵ
Ӱƺ׿Ӧжഫ
׿Ӧе㲻˼ӦȸԷģԼֺȼһ飬˵ѾһһĺãϾûмʶԷգЩûס
ڿɹ⡣
׿ӦаѰʵĵƺǰһݣϲϲ
ҵģȻϲƺЦеؿһۣ漴γ˼£ָҲʡᵶĵͣ
ţ״綼ùᵶϴμ״ƺ⵶ΪұҲ׿Ӧоϸ·е߳ܣתᵶǹٵΪ鷳ڵһ޸ģԳò֡
ƺһѽ§ж֣һõܸоУ̫ϸˡ
ǡأȡ̫ʫ䡮˰ײݣӰ潾һ㣬Ҹо㵶ʵཻ׽ҲСӰ⾳׿ӦĪЩ㷣Сʵϲ𣿡
ƺɿؿ۾Уǵϴ˵ĻֻҪ͵ģֻϲ⡢֣ԺĪҪڵˡˣǰѽʲô죿
Ͳ˽׿ӦаѷϵĽһƺͬһʫ޷ѩʣ뺨ӥԶȡˡѩ֡
ƺ޵ѩӰǵĽ񣡡
׿ӦвЦˣ񣬲̫ô
ʲôѹסƺѵһߣǰָһ㣬˴ӦС
׿Ӧã۾Ӧʲô
û˵꣬㱻˶ס˫
Ϧ£ɽ䱻ͿһƬɫһĻУñԧ콻ޱߣҲ⻭еһӡ
Ȼɷ羰˴ڡ
治˰ƺ
ɿ׿ӦУתͷ˵ˣñ㡣
ӳԣһƤƺ
׿Ӧշɺ죬Ȼȥ·ԡôٲϴˡ
⼸ƺԡͰϴ裬ԸôҲһ裬׿Ѿ޿ˡ
ƺɿ˴һۣңһ˵Ҫ˵ҩԡãˣһиȪȥ¶ˣһ磬ڻָ
׿Ӧգһ˫۾ͰͿƺƺܵһ̴ӦУһԹٹʱȥݡ
Ҹ걳֤ⷦ׿Ӧ˷ܵİɣȥ׼׼
⻰ƺ˲ס˻Ǹ걳ħˡ
żߵƺԣͷԵһۡ
ʲôأƺĵôоô
ø첲⵷һ£˵޳أʲôʱ򶴷
ƨŸպһ㡣ƺܵ£Ҫģ޲磿
ŹԱߣɣָúܺãû𣿡
ƺͷҲС
ΪʲôɻشộǲǲУ伲ҽҸŸ
ƺ˦ĹצӣŲУ
⣺Ϊʲô˱װ˵롣˵ˣѵʱ䣬ȴǿ϶˼԰ɣ϶ᾡȥߵϳʱɾͲˡ
ƺؿҷҺͰⷽʵڹģ˵˵Ϊʲô𣿡
ҽģ㲻ۣҡͷ
ޣѿ˽֮˵˹ûʣҪҪ
ҿʲô˽ǹ㣬һڸǰһڳôҲҲܰտôİУѰǹҧ
ǿһ飬Ҳޣƺͷ¶ţԥǡи⣬¡ܽܡʲôлϲ˵ŮӶԴȻҸûⷽϾˣʲô㶮ɣҪи֡
Ǻ˵Σ漴Ц
ƺսϵĵҧгݵһС
˰˭˭¶ûأ˵ôôסƽսŲ˿ѾЦΣĨȥ۽Ц±£Ӧû
ƺ㬵ȷʵֻҪˣôСǰҶǻԼڡ棬ҪôתܵҪʱӦ
Ӧ˵ģֵܣǵΣˣӦˡ
ƺ
ӣϲ˲֣ȥѴİ⿪һߣװױƺӵİСĴ
ʲôôƺ档
Ѱᵽϣ𿪸ҫ֬ˮһӦȫôһϲ
ƺĺӣͷĿ˱ǵƿƿ޹ޣ棺ŵ˿׷ֵζ
Ǯľһõġչʾ꣬ϸϸذͷϲ
ƺɻ֣סȧϵ⣬һ£ôͻȻζˣ
мֻԷζ
ʲôԺϴ㡰Ժǡ
һദʱһûʲô
һƨڿŵϣġ׿Ӧɴˣת˲ˮ̳ˮʡ
ƺó׿Ӧ˳ְżʵôˣ鲻ǻô
Ҹû˵һ춼ͷڡ˼ˮƽҿɲڵ´šƽҰǺǹǿˣ鿴鲻Ըˣ˺һͨءӴҵ죬ǻݵʲôլԺԹƵģۡ
ƺƶƽҰúõģʲô˵ǲǾˮˮô
Ҫ˵ƽҰҲͷһطƢô֡㲻ڵʱ򣬶źûУǷٵǮƵġأﶼҲ첻ߣôŰɣղˡƽҰҪȥͱѣ˵ŲߣȻһʧ
׿ӦпƺһۣƽҰô棿һ治
ĬĬġһͷҲ˳ۣǲúΪѣ
ǰǶˣ֪ġƺΣҲ⣬Ͼոձ߽ӣİ˲Ҳһ˵϶뷨һȻϣߡôˣ
εƽҰǣ˵塣ƽҰ˵ȷʵˣﻰⶼʾʶ˲壬ԳŵĹŶ壬һһڳоݡ鱾ͺӣô˵ǻ˵ã챿˵ƽҰûðɣһûôƢ
ûȰȰ
ȰˣƽҰȰҲŰү鰴»𣬻Ѵӳġ
ӴСӶֹﻶˣƺʲôȤò˰ɣ
Цһ֣أ֬ˮۣһӣǧСõˣҲͺСҿŻƿƿ޹޵۶Σζֱӣ˳ܴȥüأҲ¹Ҳˡ
ƺʱһ̿ɫڵף۾ɵԲв
׿ӦвԣεҲˡ
ˣһûУ˿˶֪̲סԳЦȻţױƺôϴõǾ£ߵĶҲɣûôֵǮҿ˿ӣʮ
׿ӦĿࣺʮ
ɲ֬ӿԩͷˣЦûֱ£˴һƣһȥģôҲŵ㣬ԩǮ
ƺЦʵڱﲻסŤͷ°͵׿Ӧмϣ׿ӦһͷˮҲʶΣûжʣϵڻ
ƺ⸱ģʵø첲ǺԱƣǮֹܲš
ˣû𴩣ȻͷҸ˵ʡ»˷ǮиɽɽҲôڰϳʲôȥ
Ƶ㡣
߽ƺѾſ׿Ӧж߰˵ˡ
׿Ӧиϵûôҷֻ߬ȭ͵ЦƺȴЦǰϣûꡣ
ЦʲôЦô½ӣҧгݵҶ˵һ֣Ӷ㣡
˵ǰҴҵؽݣҪҸط緢֣»ٽǵʱҪȥ֬˻
лҪ˵
ʫסƪ


147 ͷ
, ƺһСʧˣǰ׿ӦԹԵ
׿Ӧв֪Ҫĵʲôǽ裬, ֵʮֹ, ƺߺ, ڷʰһҪѣ־, ѶԷ˵·ãʵƵò˵ӵϼлȥ, 򼸼·
һʱ֮ǧһصЦˣ׿Ӧбߣڸúð, ǲ
Ҫ˭ϡƨɣֲûɣ
ƺϲ̵õĶ𵶽, ׿ӦһأȪԱߡ
׿Ӧ֪ղæʲôȥ, ˸ӣΧ˱ɴɴ滹֦ɵİ, һ㱡̺ӣžޱʡ
Ȫӱ߻ȼһ, ƵĻӳűɴͳˮԵʮܰ
ҡǾݸ, ô󾢶ʲôؿƺ
ƺļ򣺡廹飬ܾݣҿȪ̵ͦģͷ˾͹Ϣһ
ҲŲء׿Ӧ֮ǰˮ£ͺƣƿڰԣȻһɣͷҹպǣ޵
һѰƺڶԷһڣЦˣ硣
ƺ׿Ӧ࣬ɵЦݣһҪȥȴԷ͵ض㿪ˡ
ԡˣϴɾ˵׿ӦлЦţһű½ȥۣˮưµȪ
ȻģԼɳһɿȪڳӺ࣬ˮ˳ĩһˮɽȥ
ƺʱˮƯӲҶһ飬ڳˮʮָɾŵζ׿ӦݽȥȪˮƤϣһϸСݣ˵¶̩ͨʱͷˡ
磬ɣͷ˷ܵسƺ
ƺȥȰˣݵøһ㣬֮Ҳûʲôɻ䡣
Լô˵ԵеĲ͸ɴûҲ˳ӣҷõĳڳرߡ
˭֪ȥͼ׿ӦдˮˣಡһӵߣҵҹɫӳȻ峺ˮ£ɼ
ˣ¶ˮͦξݵİˮӰӰ´µİҲƺͷ
׿Ӧûôƺģ˶Ū֮ģεԵſʲôѽҰѡ
һ˵ţһȥƺָԷСоǼͻȻӲһ˲
ƺһ£æһģԼ
׿Ӧмƺ⸱ģҲ̵֪Щ࣬Ҳר־Լϴɾˮưڳر߽ͷϴ˺ü飬˳˸֦ͷ㷢ͷ
ƺԭϴͷԼòֺҲȥˣԼҲѸٵؽͷɢϴ֮Ժ£˸٣ͬʱҲһЩ߰ͷ˸ϣܹ׿ӦС
Ϊ˱ԼǱ¶£һϵϣôˮš
ãʵڲүǶ
ƺ͵͵׿ӦУûԼҲ˿
Ҳ֪ϱǲһ㣬һˮͱ˷ܣˮСɵӣƺϴˣ֣磬
ƺ֮ǰĸ꣬˴Զľ룬ţԶ߹ȥҪҰ걳ô
׿ӦаˮưţȻӲ֪ͳһ۵굶˾Ӳݰĺ룺Ȱ˵
ƺ֪ΪʲôҪԼˮưĺˮȥ
ԣܰС
׿ӦĿɨؿڶѻĸְ̺ۣ޺ʵò࣬⼸ܺú÷ҩѸȬֻʣ°͹ƽĴڣǴ΢΢ݣƤڣȥӲ裬ȥԾɿɲ
Щ۲ָۣЩ˰̡
ƺס֣ͷһۡ
΢΢ͷ׿ӦŵǺ˵СմˮʪרעؿԼԳ
׿ӦƳʱʱ´ܶĺᣬЦ磬ﻵˣ
֡ƺתΪװƣΪûӦĪҲӢ
ǺķӦأ
׿Ӧ޳ָ굶ƺϴֲڵĺһȥ¶ɫƤֻһɫĺ磬˫ӢͦʵԼֳ̲ס٣Ȼֻ֣ϻάµģ
ֻϧɵӿߡҿֻæС˼۾ˮһۣԼʲôչ¶ɡ
ֱ׻Լߣƺһʱ֪λش𣬱ֻñĬ׿Ӧкܿ˺ӣ֮ٶ룬ƺϢĿռ䡣
׿Ӧŷ٣΢΢죬˷һƵģɵȥԷ°ͣ٩λСʿǿΣ֪귽Σģ
׿ӦмģҲϣִӳرһͣƺϴߣŪ˸룬װһ˿ЦľɫءүǷǮʦȥŹС
ŶʦѾծˣôѽƺݣǡ롱ϲڵĺëٺ١Цţս׿ӦУ֮·̫֣࣬񲻿ֻҪңҶ㣡
׿Ӧкߵͷү˼вסǺã
㳢ζƷøȤζȻĸԸˡƺս׿ӦУѽ׸ѽ
Ҫȥ§Է˭֪˻֣ͻһܣˮ
ƺͷȥּ׿ӦдˮչĹĵģڵˮۡһ漴عЦ
ƺεĨ˰ճòʵĶĨˣװȻ֣׿ӦмסսıǼ⣬Сʿ̫ˣҪ㣡
Ǿүһ㡭 ׿ӦпͰ͵գۣͻȻһԼϣСͲ˰ɡ
˫ʪ۾¶СƤıǼ⡢ˮ̺Ĵ˵ʱʱʱֵķɫ⣬ƺսĳޣѳֲס
˭֪С껹ưոݣǰһͷƺүͷҰɣֻҪﻹծСԡ
ƺô̵ܻס͵شͷȥס˵˻ǵ죬˿˫⻬ĳУֱؾס࣬һԵأֱϢȣɿǽģʲô仯˴˼Ȼ
׿ӦǹƤĻȣЦ磬ҵķӦ𣿡
ƺֻͷƤ飬һ֣ҪΪǣ׿Ӧȥ
ʲôΣ㻹սҵҳ㣿ƺ۾Ĳ˫峺סȴҲȾ۾΢ţ
׿Ӧ˫۹Ĳӣü£ô
ƺһ㡭ˣ
ûѡ߹һ⣬һðգҲףûʲôġ׿ӦЦ紺ãǰһֱΪԼѣʵܻŽ٣±˻ҵĳҡʵ֮䣬־ͺãαعʲôλáʲôƺ磬ϲ㣬Ҫ㣬أ벻Ҫң
ɵϣαΪԼƺǵϲҲԡ
׿ӦһֻקƺĳüۿٴɫãҸϲܡ
ƺ˻ճһƬúϼɫȻ˼֣Ū㡣
׿Ӧдյૣ뱻Ūأ
ǽĺŽǣƺٴδͷ˰˳رϣ׺ݵס


148 
뷽ŵӵǲͬ, ѹֶʱ𽥱˿ɣ׿Ӧе촽ߣ, һ·ӡ
׿Ӧرȥ, ˳ĺ󾱡Ưĺչ¶ƺ, ̬ĺ΢΢͹ƺҪƷŷɫƤ, û˫ȥ
ƺƤѾǳİ̺ۣ΢ŵЦôͻȻôࣿ
ѧֹ׿Ӧк, ƫͷβ͸ŽҿһϷͼ
ôõĶ, Ȼһ˶ƺҧһڣȷʵ÷
͵ء
ƺսţȴ׿Ӧеļת, 泯Լ
ŌȻɫƺ뿴
׿Ӧ۽Ⱦ, ЦԸ
ƺƵķӯӵŴı, ͷŶͷ촽ҧ촽
յԽԽ, ˳֪·ֻһǰ
ʱ䱻Ȼ, ںδֻһ̰
׿Ӧһ͵٣ˣܱ仯ǧƺΪٸΪūԴ˻鼫֡
Сһֻ֭ĹӡŌĶ૵
׿Ӧ۽ˮ£ǻģġġ
˭ģ
Ǻġ
һжǰ㣬á
رƣҡֱϣڽʸߡ
ڲ٣ȥĴرڣˮ
Ƭ̺Ȫˮһ죬ƺ׿Ӧϰ߽һűɴ˻ϡ
׿Ӧֱ۹Ϸſü΢
硭ҡ
ƺ㽫׿Ӧб挝ؿ̰ؽÿһ鶼۵ס
İУİУİУ鶯İУҵİУÿһ棬˹
õİУʥ
ԴͣǽڣҲµ
ƹӰУ˼伫繡

ƺ׿Ӧбȥġ
Ϊ벻ء׿ӦۣſƺϹǷ죬ɤ΢ƣǸ߹Լ
ƺĵĲô
һֱûйۣЩ
ܲ˵ô׿Ӧƺĺĥһһڣҧ𾢣ôƵġ
ȫҧòۣƺһ࣬ӲţϾǵһأֺü
㲻Ҫҫˡ׿ӦбۣƣȪˮúܣ˵Ҳûôۡ
깳ʱ۲ſ£֮ȣּŻʹ㲻ʲô
Իۣƺüͷ塣
׿Ӧ̾˿÷˰ɡۻôʹĳ̶Ȍ˵͸С̹ҧ桢ҧƤƵģ˰ɡ
ƺŶһֵֹܾġ
׿Ӧſϳ˯ţ˯ǰ룬۵ʲôܸоۣ˵һš
۲ˣصСԺﶼûѹ˯ðȶƺӲ鿴˿ڶû
ȪˮЧ˴ⲻ׿ӦͿ˵ҩȥĵط費Ҫ
ȻִʱͷһƬհףƺű̫Ō׿Ӧϵĺۼ࣬ҲֻǷ죬ϵĳ̶ȡ
ƺԼ׿Ӧмҧסǣ˼öӡмǺۣϵظƤ㡣
ϲҧȷˣǱҧʱǧҲǻϲġ
ûվӣҧڵģֻǰġڱܵǲ˲٣ֻʣ²Ĳ
ƺ׿Ӧ˯ģСɵıǼ⣬ԶҸҵСꡣ
ڶ׿ӦһƺҲˣ˯ʶȥĶͷôˣôûհɣ
ҵðɡ׿Ӧг˸Ŀþûôеڿʡ
ȥˮƺ˿Ҳ´Ьȥ
ʱ򣬾Ϳ׿Ӧվڴ첲ѹȣ
ƺƵġû£
׿ӦлͷʧЦеʹ£һõ㡣ͱˣҳûô˵ˣ㵱ʱ򿪿ǰ۵ôܵеǡ
ƺô˵Ƿġ
е㲻ˬΪʲô
׿Ӧɫ΢΢һЦסӣǧͣúܣҲҿ츳ܵסⲻ˵һ
ǵҲǡƺһ壬˼·ʱͱƫϸζ׿Ӧеġ츳ζġס
׿Ӧһۣϵģң
ҿв𣬾Ҳܲס˼ٷ׿ӦͬΪӣȻڽʲôΪչģķС˵Ļſھ
˼֮ףԭ޼Ĺϵһ¥׿ӦƽغҪӵģҲֻҪ翪ľͺãʲôν
ûоãһɵζ׿ӦӣĴš
ƺ̵ҲżǰɣҲûҵԴ
˵ѭζѰңڴ·˱ﵲŵһ
ⲻǴүǸô׿Ӧеô
ƺһϱ㸡Ц˵һǴó£߿ɻˣȡ㿴
׿Ӧԥðɣ˼ġ
˭Ǵ¡ƺɷ˵쳤첲Ѱק˳ĵҷڴϣ⿪˰Ƥ¶ߵױƺӡ
һװˮƿƿɶˣѹζôԡ
׿Ӧкؿ˿̾ȷʵǱ˻Сϸõģʵز࣬Ҫ˵һʮӣǮˡ
ƺû֬ˮۣһʱּһָ֬մһ㣬׿Ӧü䰴һ£ЦҲÿ
˼Ҷһү˻أ׿ӦĵצӣȥǺһ
ƺЦ³˶ˡ
磬㻹һڣ
ſڴƺ˲ֻʻͷ߹ѾڸǣɫЩΡ
ƺæⲻҵģҾ
˭ģϤױƺӣɻǸôһȥģѲɡ
׿Ӧһ̧ۣÿվſڣʱţү
Ŵж֪ƺˣ緹û뵽ײ͡ꡱ˵أתߡ
ƺ
翴˿ױƺӣֿ˿⣬æѰƤһ׷˳ȥ
ԺӾͲ󣬴Ҳ޴ܣںͷһֱվס˽ţŤزת
籧ź׷ǰۣĿ⣬ýżСȣЦӯӯģ
ͷȥٶȱһײİ塣
ʵǺܲģǵƲʵǣһ˵ȥͷĺӣҷ̲סЦʵҺϲˡĲʺңҲûã»Һһسǣɱǧĵȥ
ͷ翴Ĳʵ޷һų֬ˮ۵Ļ棬ʵڱﲻס조ԳԡЦֲ̫Цࡣ
ϴͻȻתаһѶߣʼδաһ㱻ס°͡
һ̣㱻˽ʵʵסˡ
һ§һֻֿסĺԣⳤֱ룬ǵͻȻ񱻳ȫʩΪ
ƽ˵⣬Ҳ΢ȴƢ
Ƭ̺󣬴ſ۾ɫ䣬һ˿߳ŭ
类䲻ǸԺٲȻֻΪָᣬ㯵ػؿ
Ȼ󣬿߹°Ĵү˵ʷɵһ仰Ц


149 
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ƽҰ֪ƺת, ﴫϣܹȥ
Щɽƽṳ̂㣬ûзֹߵĺۼ, Ĳ˵, ٷ廹Ǻܰȫġ￴ƺƺƽҰһ, ҸоƽҰǸǻи, л˵Ȼͼ
ƺ𻰣֪Щʲô, ׿ӦбһµƽҰȽŲ㣬ɽˣҶõò࣬ȥһס
ȥҲν, ס϶ǲúסһҪӽ׷ߵ䡣ƺ׿ӦУ治ٶϢգ
, Ҫǲţһ׿˵
ƺ΢΢Цҿɴ򲻹㡣Ǳ, ʰ˶ȥŴţҲлƽҰ
Ϣ, һȥ֪ͨƽҰ, ƺ׿ӦŰִŸʱƽҰѾںſԴˡ
⿰ʯģ, ׿ӦЩŤ첲⵷˵ƺƽҰôճôͰš
ǰճδŻƺƽҰ֣ƽҰ
ƽҰȥ겻ɫ˲ʧһЦⰻȻǵغ磡
Ҫƺӭȥүˤţæ
˭֪ƽҰؽһƣòţ
Ǳֻڨڨظ
ƽҰ˼УżæǰϣһСĲϼƬʪҶЩȴһֱ۸סˡ
ԭصұãʲôôðʧƺ΢΢ü
ƽҰ˱죬ίң㱻°ߣ֪ȣ֪ڹŹһ⣬ЩĵģֲüεڣֻԼȽŲãȥ㣬ô̵ס
׿ӦޱĵҲͦ˵ġ
ԱҲǻǰүЩ֪ãҼүԲ˯ţȸջʱ˲١
˵ЩʲôǸҸôƽҰǵĻǰԷҸǰĪҪʧ˷ִ硣
ίͰ͵صͷȥƺİֲ̫Ҷ²ӻᱻƽҰûȥ»һ䡰Ҹ绹᲻һôһ˫Ҫ첻죬νսսΪѡ
ƺЦǺǵص˵ƽҰţСӣ겻Ƣǰ𵱼үˡǴͷǶЩǣģ֮ǰôô
ǣүǵü˳۵Ӧһ䡣
ƽҰƺ׿ӦеĴڣƺİקӸǣҪߣ磬߰ɣкܶ໰˵
šƺ׿ӦУԹƽҰЦиҪ֣ؽܡ
ƽҰŰĿͶ׿ӦϣɫŶ
Ҳ֪ǲ׿ӦеĴ֮ùƽҰһ˿⡣
ƺֻ˿׿ӦУûע⵽ƽҰϲǰУ׿ӦУ
ƽɫһ㶣ƺûס
ᡣ׿ӦͣǺİˣɩԳƺ֡
ƺԭչ˼ŮӵȥƺԼ죬˵øɴֱףһɰ
ƽҰ˹ϵд⣬ԸԣԸװƣ׿Ӧ˵ףҲװͿ㿴ƺɰͰ͵ƽҰϲ硣
ض񡣡ƺ׿Ӧеļ򣬵Σǲһɾ£
ƽҰ΢΢׿ʲף̬ǧȻƵˡ
׿Ӧﰵ룬ˣһˡ
ú˼룬ϾƽҰƺܣԷ޺õģƺ
ƽҰƺû㣬ദǵõһ㡣
ƺȫ޲ЦǺǵ˵ǵȻܹˣлȥ˵ɡǣү
׿Ӧеļ򲻷ţǰߣƽҰ䲻ԸҲֻǷţþǰ˵ĽŲ
磬òҸ˸񡣡ƽҰһֻݸƺ
ƺӹٺ١һ֣л
׿Ӧк棺㻹ᴵ
ҵѧġƺĦֻδ˵ˡͷ
ƽҰͳȥﷴ˵̸ʣ

Ҳ֪ƺ˽׼ȥӭӣסӣ㷲ʵ磬ȥǲȥ
ȥôʵ
ңҲֵ֪ܣ磬ҲðݼġǵɹعҲڣˣִ
֣ᶨ㲻£ںǰƽҰҲ£Ҫҵѿú
ˡչǱֵôҶ죬Ҳ֪ʵǶôϲҡ𼷳һ˿ЦݣһǲȥˣҸͽ͡
鿴ΪѵӣһۣӵУЪšҲȥ㲻ϲҲôҲ죬Ҳ㱻Ϊѡԣ֪𣿡
ţȻ֪ظЦЦȥɣ

Ҹ׼õ᷿ӦסģǸ׼䣬Է鷿ֻ鷿տյǸ衣
ź׿ӦаѶһţֵδлģҳȥ˴к
ֵܣֲǷޣл˵Ҳñ˰ƺЦǰƽҰ
ƽҰȴлֱ˵ǱˣֻЩһ˽˵
Ǿ͵ȵ˿˵¡ƺſ߹飬к飬ǽһ˷ھС
üĿɨƽҰɫ䣬ͷţȥ
Ƭ̺һǴͷ֪Ҫ̸£˲ˮ֮󣬱˳ȥŹغá
ƺ˱ΧڵԲ£֮ж
εúãϢ˵Ҳʧȥ˹ߵ˵Ҫʲôô˷Խ
һֱɽתƣȻҲùпܽϳɽ֮УѭɽѲ飿Ҳǲ˫壬ں췷壬Ҫߣ̫ʵ
ΪΣƺʵ
߿Բɽͻܵý˰ɣص̫Ҳ鷳ǡ
ƽҰЦһǵҲδأԭأ
һ仰µôҶסˣ֪νӲ硣
ƺ΢΢üǱףδʲôл
ǵҪʲôˡƽҰټóⵤӣˣһ˴ϡᡯһ·ɵǣϻʵ۵޹ըˡ㲻˵ǳڵİôʱЩֺϡ࣬ſǴţЩھǸĶǳȥռ˻ʹ磬ʣµĲô
׿ӦóƽҰԻʵԹޣۣⷬҲ˵ûпԣֻ˿ûΡ
û̵˲Żô룬ϡᡯɵǣ㵱һ·¥¥ʿϹôܱȡᡯҪɣ֮·ǵܿܰ˸
ǡᡯǸأɳڶͷϣרأƽҰۣ飬ֲ֪ڴ˵ظʲôǵ˼ȥĦˣпǴɣ
ߵλУֲô졮ᡯ̸θ죿ֻүЩװͼֽеĻѲ͸¶ȥģ
飡̫ƽҰžһӣŭôܰЩɱˣ㵱ɵǰЩսҲɻװԼо
Լо˾ͲᱻǰŴˣս꣬ǶûķƷƫƫھûڹҲŲţ
ƽҰɫ԰ף񶾵úܣ飬һһǰȻڹ
΢΢üʱڳԼ𣬡롱վѪˣ
˴˱˴ˣ
ƺûֹ˲˼ģԹۣа˼⡣
ǰƽҰӸǰ̫һû£Ҳпԭһ֪⺢ھȻô̱
͹ƽҰ֮ǰǳƺö룬Ҳ֪϶ǹƽҰͷʱʶ˵࣬ƽʱദҲͦϵˡ
£ԣʵǼ¡
һֱ⣬ֻܸʮ£ܳ׽⣻鱾ΪҵĹϵıƺ׿Ӧг·л⣬ֱƽҰһƺᱻ뵽ҶƽҰͬڲѺۼӾ硣
׿Ӧп˺߼ػָҲƺġ
ôѴôӴĳſɲġ
뵽⣬Ǹˣ֪ԷǷԤ־档ԤˣӦǺϤЩƽҰԸ仯
ǻ˭أ
лҪ˵
עŴҲֵܵŮΪôȷʵһͷˮ
ŰҶ֪ǾԲŰ~


150 
ƺûп, ҲҲûֹƾǹս
ս˴ǣڨڨ졣
ˣƺ˫ۣƽ, ȵˮ, ЪЪɤӡ
ɫ, ҲϲŭȴƽҰ󱳷ë
˵, һƽҰ룬˵, пʵ֣ǺѣҲܸߣ߲ôȥ, ǾͲ÷ĥˣ
ڶ˿϶Ǹ㲻常ЩƣȻץƽҰ, ǲܵ͹ǣҲòŹȸ߹
, ҵĶﲻڹһĻӾͰ׵, ԺϽɡ
󣬡ƺŹƽҰ, С, ȻִˣͶµıһɰҪָֺٷһΣͶҹô
˹ƽҰһۣһǰһ󣬴ԴӦˡ
缰ʱ⣺飬ҾÿУҲֻˡ
ʵ̫٣ɽ룬ǲϤΣҲŶǰ׷ѹ򣬵Ҫ϶Էˣǿɾ̫ˡƺƽҰƽҰ㱻ŵ°֮ǷǲС¶ʲô
ƽҰȷʵûʱֻź£ͷһƬհס
޷Ҳδػᵱ˵ֻǱŽʰˡ
̴³һڰ̣֮ǰƽҰó¶ͻɢûͬ⡣
ҪĻԸ⣡ƽҰƺеһʱʲôأû̫ˣôүʩҩΪκӰ죬ʣҲŵùҶ֮ûκܣ
ƺ룬֪¶ͻɢȷʵˣ֮ǰû취ҲǾøƽҰϵû˲ʵĲƺ󣬵չôһ죬ҲҪôġ
ҲûиܻȡһҲδɡ
Ǻãһ԰ɡƺȥ㷿䡣
Ժ̸Щ£ɢȥ
֮׿ӦнԷѰĶȡƺӱ§ס°ʹϣʣôûô˵
£Ҳ죬˵Ҳûʲô˵ģ뷨˽¸ֲ̽Ǹã׿ӦҲ
ƺ˺ĶЦ㲻㴵ͷ磿
ǲ֪˯ͬһŴΥô׿ӦŵĲŭͦٵġ
ƺ롮ʱ㡣
׿ӦС͡ЦˣСҲˣ
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׿ӦмԷʰþҲûʲôģѩû£ȥһô
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Ӱ˳˹ƽҰ͵׿Ӧһš
ȥǰԺ䳡ʱ̫бչѾˣ׿ӦСৡسȥͷ˿ƺƵ
ǧϾƨɳҪԱʯͷһԼɣЪ
ң׿ӦôԹԿʼ
ȻһͿ壬þͺжʱ䲢ҲûǶѸٽ֮ټ⼸պˮزţĿպܿͲˡ
ȻʱԹӸҩôЩ׿Ӧйͨ˵ּϰ䣬ûгۻӻǲ
ƺǷɣ˵ˣӻͳӦ˼£㴵
׿Ӧ֣ͣһǰϲǵ
ƺģ޳У׿ӦΪ߳ġ۹
С׿Ӧеü
һΪûأû뵽˼ͼסˡ׿ӦͻȻе㲻˼ʱ֮УΪһЩ졣
ƺ˵ĻֻҪһһͶǵסȥɣҸ㴵ˡ
׿ӦгЦЦ㷵䳡ļ
ƽҰûƺ죬׼ҪΪ³ԵСˡڳææ׼ˣҲ˷ҪȥƺԷǸš
˵ƺȥ䳡һһȳһյ˹ȥ㿴һⳤͼ
׿Ӧнմ˼°׵ۣ޳ͦΣдᣬͣԶԶȥݳĽټСϣԵ轣衢续ɡ
ƽҰңңĸ磬ԼĿרעһƽδͷһ
ͣ½Ųվûǰߡ
ƺСȻͣӰ˸׿ӦиǰЦŽ
ӳϦůɫĹ⣬˹һǰɫĹвƽһһ˵顣
ԼĿ֡
ȴԹ߶ʺۡ

ƺ׿Ӧ䣬ȻصԷˮԡ
費׿ӦǿҪ£ƺϴˣź׿
׿Ӧв֪Ķҵһ˿ȿӣƺúô걳Ȫûɡ
󱳶ϵĴֲӸĥˣ꣬ͲµƤƺȤ
׿ӦжʱǺܵô
ƺƤӨϸĺ󱳣з
ǶΪΰжжӣȻֻͨһС£ȴ֤˻ò¶
СƺĶ䣬ҶϣΣ
׿Ӧа۾ܣһܣȶϣ
洫ƺԭಲ˼۳ȥš
˭
磬ҡ
ƺţƽҰһ̵ķվſڣϽӹƽҰôˣһ˲ˡ
ôķôƽҰ΢΢Ц
⺢ӣϹ˵ʲôƺ̷ԲϣƽҰĿɨԼؿڵЩ˰̣ϽӹЩ
ƽҰȴûջĿ⣬ʵЩˣ
û£ѾˡƺںͷŷˣϲǴ׺ģ
ƽҰЦţ֪ϲԣ㿪θɽҰҲ˱ĲˣǴ׻еģûɽ髣˱Ĺӣȥժġ
ôΣգԼܡƺʱü
²ΪƽҰһŵݵƺߣ
˿Էſˣ׿Ӧйż³΢ЦƽҰˡ
ӿô¶һСؿڣںɫµĳ£ԼʤѩؿڲдĵɫǺ۱ԡ
ƽҰһ۱㿴ˣб˪Ŀᣬһںȼա
ǣʲôо
ɫط¿ӣӦš
ƺЦΪδҵ·
˳ˣôҴ
ңϲͶ㡣ƺϲЦտؼ˿Ǵ׺ͽ׿ӦƽҰģòóԡ
㰮ԵҾͰԡ׿ӦкźչԲԲС޵ȷʵƽҰա
ƽҰã磬ڷ㡣
ţһ͹ȥƺЦЦ
ŹƽҰȥֹţ׿Ӧпĵسŷɰûˡ
ʲôҪ·¶ڣСĻʵɣ
ƽҰƣҲܸŸɣһ˲ΪѵǺ磬ǰ֮ô
׿Ӧǰ֪ԼС۵һ档
ƺãȻ֪һ׿ӦвˣЩö೤⡣
׿Ӧʳζ˼㱣յȫա
ƺҪȥҹƽҰ׿ӦбԼʳѲȥƺƽҰӱ׿Ӧв죬˳¶ͻɢʲô˵ʲôҲڳ
УҪ˾ȥ˯Ҫһ㡣׿ӦϴǺñͷǣŷȥ
ƺ˹ƽҰУǵӰ
أƺƽʱǸӰô
ƽҰˮڵ˴òұȥϢˡ
ǶһƬ֮ģǰǿãҽһ˺ȺȵģƢͦ󡣡ƺΪ˼һģʼ߶СҲûͯҲûʲô飬۸ҶҲǵ̫µԼģȻѾ˺ЩٲΪ۸ˡ
⻰ƽҰ߷һڽЦݣ磬˵ģʲôҡѾǸˣֲϱҶãҪȥĶҲš
ƺܾܷ·İࡣ
ǾͣûĹϵƽҰϹЦȴЦ⣬ںģھֻʣ¸һˡ㷽ô˵Ǵ׿ӣ㲻ٹô
ƺЦЦȻܣܣһÿɼأ¶׺󣬻صǣһ¾ýŸ˵ס
ûýԸⵥ⡣ƽҰ
ô룬ò˲û֮ǰڴ˵Ҳ˼ңȢкѣƺüԷƱ
ƽҰζؿ޹أҡп԰ˡ
һƺк֮ҲǣͻȻʳڣĬˡ
ʱţεʱ̡
źؾ쵽ղ̫ԣҲûʣֽذҩãƽҰ£Ȼȥš
ƽҰŴߵƺлٴǿ磬ʲôʣ֮ûܡ
ƽҰΣʣȳȥˣȽ׷ɡ
ƺ΢ңΣ񣬱޿ɱܣֻõͷ
뿪ƽҰֵ磬ҵô
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151 ʾ
ƽҰƺ, ץסƣȻ۾Щͷˡ磬£ͽˡ
˷ҩϴ﹫ʱҪһЩ, ϾƽҰԸ, ҩڵֻΪ, ˼ܻصʱ龳Ŵϸڡ
Ƭ̺, ҩЧƺѰ⣬ȷ״̬, 㿪ʼѯʡ
ֱ룬ʵıǹƽҰ°ǰ£ݹƽҰʵ֮ǰƲļһ¡
ƽҰȷʶڸ, Թ﹫ִĿľǱڹٸ顪֪ƺ㲻ιٸ, Ҳֻܾܶһ
ʻûг̫ã׿Ӧڷ˯˴Լʱ, о˽ţŲƺģһ, ϤϢϮһȵӱӵס
ˣ׿ӦԺʵ
ƺͷ, 
ʲôô
С
Ŵԣ׿Ӧжʱ, תȥ棬ӰƺɫԵЩƣü
׿Ӧʳָӡã軭üëΪβģ
ֻе۶ѡƺ۵ƽҰ˵Żһмĵȸҩ˵˻ƫƧסֽűű˳ǣǵɽżЩŵˣûŻͼˡ
׿ӦеŻѾΪˡ
ƺͷţôֶΣǸ޼ҿɹ飬Щ˾ΪڷԣȻѻʯ
˵ʲô
ʵҲ㲻رõŵЩѵأû͸ڷ磬ƽҰϣŻ߶˼䣬ᵽ췷壬˵ʲôҪץɣȻֵð𷣡ƺͷ׿ӦؿڣƽҰ˵֮ǰûô£֪ǰͨйϡ
׿Ӧбסĺ󱳣Ҳ˵ߵϳܾں췷ôŪȥôǴ¯ͻʦҲǶ
ЩҪأҪʦЩ֮ĶҲҪطڲȷһǷֿƺпͬһص㣬ڿܣҲһټ𡣡
׿ӦлƽҰǰȫģҲ˵ûûͼֽҲʲôͻɣֻҪǸϵüʱȻܽһжɱѿ֮С
δءƺƣǵĽǶȿûƽҰʲôˣ常Щͼֽڱд浵ġǱĳĳͨ죬ŪͼֽҲûܡȱƽҰָǻЩ·δȫšڻ룬ֻץƽҰȴûץʦʱҵ԰ͼֽͲ
ȷʵڰ֪վźˣĿǰߵһŲ֪顣
ⱳĲִӶ·ݾѾʼˣ߰ǰץƽҰʱͺ̫ԣѲɣƽҰֻ׷ŵն
ߣĳƺĹߣ
ôҲûãԼͽա׿ӦаοǱź췷ɣƽҰθҲҪʡ·ȥ˫˷ʱˡ
ţҪúÿǣҪһ֡ƺţҲøƽҰҸطá
׿ӦȻջΪλݣ
ƺһͣŵûʲôҾͻȻۡ
ǰ˼̫࣬ʲôˣʲôƻʲôˣרעҵϳ˵׿ӦмԼΣԷûش𣬱Ҳ׷ʡ
ƺЦЦϡȡһڣС㶻綼ġ
ȻˣЩϢɣô˯롣׿ӦеҶڣһ˿ŵӡ
ǣ籧ҵ๫Ρ
ƺȥ򣬱⴫
磬˯ûУ
ƺεؿ׿ӦУȥģҪ˯ɡ
ҵ㣬ų˾˯θﻹЩȥߡ׿ӦҲۡ
ƺһţ㿴һʱ;Ϣ
ݺɳô꣬Ǹ顱ָˡ
㷵ƳԱ׿Ӧһۣƺ̸һ̸
ġ׿Ӧļ򣬳һЦš
ƺϣԱһ°ͣɡ
ȡƺڣҲŤֱӵҲøƽҰ糳ܣϴ
ƺЦһôӦǸ˵ʲô
飺
鲻̫õӡ
ˣ¶ȥˣܸƵĳ󡣡ƺɫҲӰ¡
æԺ󲻻ˣҲ¡
ƺͷšΪ˵һˣ
ҲȫǡҾ˵ҡ֮ǰΪˣһֱûܰæиγ¡Ȧ죬磬ҶԲס㣬ΪŮ˽鵢ж㷣Ұɣ
㣿ôֿǰǸԼ鷳ߣõ𣿡
Ļ͵̧ͷƺЦЦı飬㯵磬ʲô˼
û˼ֻѡƽҰôҲǿѨ磬ԼҲע㡭
䲻Ļ㻹ǻô
ȻɫƺҲ𷽲Ŵȸ̬ȣ̹ʵûйϵʱйء׵ضͻȻŮ˻Ըһжôϵ£ڱϣô룿һͻĴô
ĬûпƺҲû׷ʣ˾ôš
¶Ǻب֮һŧ֮ǰƺһֱرܣûйܣжţҪŲǻϻһ̽ôӦƺʮּ֡
Ҳ֪ô룬Ҳû衣һſߣʲô˵ҪԼжϣжˣԾɲţǲǲ𣬶Ǹң
㿴ųģ㶼ңһʲô˵ģ
ƺǳˣô˵һ仰Ŀͱһ
滰ô鲢ûЩĵǡʧ䡢ŭ˴˿̻ΪһŨ˸УһĪĿ־壬ԼҪȥˡ
Ǹǳšշţǵ
ԼϲŮӲܱ׽֮ɣôֻ뿪Լԭϰ˵ġʵĳȥǸΪԼܲɵˡ
ܳɳҪһˣһҪԼڷ絲꣬ǿжѣ֪ˣԼأ
ɽ𣬻ϵĥҲһִɡ
̾˿Ƕ뻤ŵˣҲУΪʲôʲôͶǴģ
ƺ֪ں˼ʲôʵ˵ԼӴ˿ҲܻңǱ㽫׸ԷҲû⡣ֻһ£δ㣿
ĸţİš
ƺЦɱô˵һҵİŲԸҪ˵Ҳ㡣
ȻҲĳţҲ֪ʿԷΪְٷʩòſһñֵġվƺ񣬡ҲµģɫϢɡ
˵գûƺųȥû˷д۵һ߷յ
һ˰
ƺȷʵˣҲ֪ǳײ˺η飬һĶԼлûض
ǰƽҰҲһ;ñŤ
ƺֲɵƽҰﻰⶼҲڿֺãȻ
һʼֻƽҰԼòŻǣƺҲû£ֿǺӶ׿Ӧڲסĵ⣬㵱Ϊռ̫ǿֱ˷ȥ˸磬Żı֡
ֱǰƽҰ˵Ļžôס
ȻƽҰʾʵѾʾƺʵʱ˳ΪΡûýԸ⡱ƺûԸ
Ϊ͵ƽҰҪƺסʱƺȷǸ𰸡
ƽҰ·ϣƺܣǲǲԼԸеȳƽҰ֤ΪֳԲᱳԼĵܵܡǿƽҰ˿Ѿ򼫶˵״̬ʲôˡ
ѾˣΪЩССøӣһԸӭѶϵǧһѡװɵ㽫һùƽҰ֪Ѷˡ
Ҳ֪׿Ӧûо쵽һ㣬ܾ쵽˰ɣҪȻôͻȻԼǡɩ
ٶƺͻȻȤԴ׵İУȨİУҲôɰ
߶ˣҹڹĴţϰϰЩ΢ý
׿Ӧбſ˼רעƬ̰
룬ҪǺܸԼһͺˣڻص鵱˿Ҫ޷УԶڷҸӵľС
붼ۡ
׿ӦƵشǰԺתһȦϷڵкʱˣҪߡ
߽ԺͿˮԱиæؿ˭Ҳװû߹ȥк
߽һǣںϴ·׿ӦУûŲ
ǡ׿ӦߵԱߣͫȻһֱۣ˭ģ
лҪ˵
ӳί϶Ϊһǧۡ


152 
ôʺ, Զ׼
Ǹæ֣ԼСŪģлл׿ӹģ
׿ӦпҵɫͱƽԸߵ˵Լò
֪ǿ϶ʵʵش, װ, ͷ, Ǻãæɡ
վԭһֱĿԶȥ, ϴ·Ǳ׿Ӧˣϡﻩ·һ̸ͨɾ, 㱧ͰҴȥ
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׿Ӧпǣֱȥ˴סķ䡣
סȻ, ÷Ҳû٣׼ƺ׿ӦУ͹ƽҰ, ʣµĶǴ̣ͨԭڴ˴СԺر, ֳҪֵأҲطѡһס
ֵ, ƽҰ֮󣬱ڷд, ڴЩƿƿ޹ޣ׿ӦŽ֮, ϻһˣʱס
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ƽҰģ˿ں£Ӧǽյ¡ü
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ǶƽҰһƬϣչ˵ҲܵƽҰΪζĺ֣׿Ӧи·ɻ
ܲǹƽҰԼк⣬ȴǳɣ
Ǻ˺ɫѿһĴСӣΪϸ̣
˻
˥Ѫ顣üͷ壬ѹƽ˵㣬û뵽ôء
׿Ӧֲݣ˿תǰĴˣŵһ£ʮֻֿţּԼ·¸ϣæԼøЩ
ǣƽҰΪʲô㣿׿ӦоֱʵǰҲô
һµڴϣҾ׿ӣӣүһֱܺã˴ξǸ⣬˵үλ¶˵ȥˣˣ
׿ӦһۣҲ֪׷ãʵƽҰǰ˵ҪԿࡣ
׿Ӧбãǲ˵
תȥҰϵҩǿӲǱԹתȥ
ǣǲʲô̫ԡ׿ӦлôүܰΣﲻľ˵
е飬ûʲôġĿ˸׿ӦС
ûʲôǲǲˣ
ĲҪ游ҵϴëЦӣҼүˣ
˽ҩѾ˯ˡ
ŶǱáɫʱࡣ
ҩǱٴ׿Ӧǧκ𣬵õ϶𸴺󣬲ǧлȥ
һţʮֲˬƽҰµĹôôĲ
׿ӦʱԷƽҰϷɣƽҰƺʱһޣа̾һ
һ˰ҲԸǰ˱΢ȻԷô֮¡
ƽҰӣô˴ֱ׿ӦʴǰҲô
ҡҡͷ֪졣ǻҲû뵽ܰ˴˺ܶࡣ
׿Ӧ㷲ǵ˿ƽҰĲб̶ȿЩ˵˿ĸҹӣɸס
˲ͻֻпǰûǰ¶һ档
Сһ𳤴󣬶ûпˣɼĻ
ҪҪߺأ
׿Ӧԥ죬ǷԼ뷨Ըٸƺ˼˽ºúöŹƽҰɱڳ

뿪ƺķȥһСˣƽȷԼӦòᱻߣŷ˷С
һֱڵӭ˹磡
㻹û˯ôˡһ˿΢Ц
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ܿĿ⣬ѱȡʼ̣ͦõġ
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ֻǶǺˡ
ȻҴʮ͸һһѵ˴˼˽ˡϥϣȻ
磬ΪңԶǡѴ̡תС
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ֻǴ˴Ϊү˳ֽ߻Ҵ׵ļƻƻ֮󣬴ҲⱲӶټһ档
鱯˵룬ٱ֮ǰܽǾͺˡ
ƬδȻ磬һسɣҵҲˣϢգȥ
Ϲ˵ʲôڣôٻȥӣԼ⵽ɣ˵üëص
ʵҲǰģʹҲûǰ㳣ίЦдҪոţô£
ҲУһץô죿Ҹϲȥ㡭
ҹڣߣΣЦ˵нŮԸ⣬Ҳ飬һãֶΪأ
ͷ㵱ԸˣΪҰһҲߣ㲻Ầô
ȻµģҲհ๫˩ڼﲻǣ
͵һʲô
ûûʲôİﻰ˵˳Щؿһ£˵ҪȢô๫ʲôѲҪڣ
Ȼᣡ䷢ģͷжģԵġ
һ˫ȵĴȻģԼڱǶˣʱͷƤ飬ܵؿסĺԣ
·飬С
Ƭ̺΢΢ţԺ󡭡ٷĶġ
Լնˣкţκڵķʽֹңһ뷢Ķġ
ͽӣֽᴷһȭȴԷЦһץסֹߵرͷȥӡ
ⲻ֪⸱ӣȴչø֮ѻ£Щ󣬴˿̹ĲӺ;µǱ¶ǰ֬ļ鷺΢ͷӿԴ־Լ
ˣЩްɡ΢ƣɰͰ͵˵ɿ
ͷš
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鶸Ȼһڸ䡢ûûˤ˰ɣ
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۾һ˿ѿ
ͳ˰ֻǻа̡˵ţҪȥ׽֡
ǰԸ˿ڻҩ˽˯ͬһ䷿Уһ˯һ̣ǵĹϵѾɸģûʲôɻ䡣
ֻǴ˿ľ֮ǰһָⴥȵļǲزһ£˻ӽľżҶͷŵزһ仰Ҳ˵
쵽Էı仯㽫ַ˻ȥſУ弫顭㱧Ұա
ȵĺĶʣʧ񣬿άһ𡭡ڡС
ҷ뵽˷֮ʵǡ㲻˰ɣ
Ǹˣٿתͷ˫ߵ˫Ŀַʽȥ֤
˫ͫˮüĿ飺һöѣֲҡ
ҲҪýȢίǿѹĵ궯
Щ֮ٲЩӣͬһң˵ˡ˫΢΢Ķһְɡ๫
ƺڣĲд־Ȼɣ޹ǵ֫صĴ
Ӱҡ죬һҹˡ
лҪ˵



153 Ť
峿, 㽫ͷ˷٣һͰȥˮ߽ϴ翴⸱װ磬ʱסˡ
Լ´, 仰, û, ɬĬˡ
üУ
మҲ, ҲںСᶨ
Ʋ㣿翴ü˳۵ģ, ĵôܣһ㹻óȥ
תһ룬ܲҪڶ˵ƨ
ӷг, £ԶԶͷӵģܳȥ, 󣬶, Ϊ¶һḺһжУ
ϻ, Ȼ㡣˽ţԼҪôƵ, ö˸ۣתȥ, ֣Ǹ壡
ȥƺ¸ֱԲˮʺٸжˣ߰ɡ
׿ӦԱҲΪզࣺҲ̫Կ֮ô
ҾûǸӡ˷ֹ֮񣬲óԸ⣬Ҳǿһ򲽽٣ǸǿģǸϸ뵽һ㡣
ƺѾڳɹˣû뵽龹£㣬˵תͷ͸ôһ
˵ز黹˼ҵĹ˭׿ӦΪ⣬㲻СڵĽŮҲ˰ɣҲҪýȢб뷨αؼ췹
ƺЦʶ®ɽĿֻԵڴɽС˵ⷴȫȻ뽻ֻжҪҪôܶаֻɡ
ѧ˽ء˽ûϴɴ˸ͷ
׿Ӧһ죺
ⶼң¶һôƺۡ
ôһҸ㣬ŮΪԼ
ƺüǶҪһóףȥٸǼǻõšҸ㡯ǣ㣬վıߵİôڿڶˣ
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ЩĹϵͷ۵úܣһúŮ޶öԴģһ־ԼҲӦ׷ԼҸѲҪһعѣƾʲô
Сʤѷ֣ﷳ꣬ŻϻĪô䡣
ȻվǳߣƵµҲûʲô˵ˣ㿴ôźðɣ϶ǲٸǡ
ƺƵ̾˿µ뿪ֻǡһģôð
緹ƺټţ׼İţ׿Ӧ֪ļƻԸȥڣ
û֪ͨƽҰƺδػԹԼţԺȥ˵
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ʱ򣬸ƺĿ⣬漴Щ˼תߡ
ƺôȵմƽҰѰߵ˵ϳӦߺ췷УǾҪǴн
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ƳһۣƺǱϼҴڵǰȥ̽·
һ֪Լ磬һͻسڱʱ̹ӡ
سǣôҿȥ
ģǲӰҡ鿴㣬ѾãδǷֵҪѾӣҲϲҲϣңҪǰ˵Ĳǡ
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ƺİţȻ촽ţƺҪΪԼ⣬ȴδ³еĲҲĮһĨڽ
ƺ鲻̫ԾҪͣ㲻Ҫᣬҡ
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̴ͷҲãҿ˳Ĵֻ˼¼Ա¼ܷһЩߡ
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ƺôֱȥ˹ƽҰ
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ѹ㷿ôŨʯͤ֬ζ㽫ЩߣͲΣôƺЩףʮֵǡ
ƽҰ赭дΣգ첻ΣգĶԣЩȫġ
꣬˸ܣоЩ
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ƽҰ̧˸磬ʲộҲ
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ҲܴڽӴʲôҪ
ƽҰΪ˴ڽӴ𣿡ƺͲã˿̸ûģǷʰǰɣ㣡
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ҵܣԶ֣ҲôӦСҪˣҲײϣûʮ궼㡣ƺζ
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ƺߡһر֣Ϊڣ͵ҵĻ
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ƺĿԶƺһĨš
׿ӦһˣΪƽҰ˾ͲҪҪǣȻ
ƽҰǵĸ飿

Ȼҩܾ˴ΪΣһҹոҹδˣ˯ѵڴ̵ͨһǣһֻԼ˿ڵС
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ڿз˰յʱ䣬ͻȻŤͷһѾ׷
˲У˵ޣƽҰȻӺãҶûһѰӰ
׿ӦЩƣΪѰӰƺǸǣ
ƺʵʱѰӰָ룬ʼԭشת˵ڸ׼䣡
غѰӰָ˼ΣȶָѸ𡰳ᡱѰӰָķʽ
ɫúܿ죬˿Ѿ׳Ŀ˶ҪһЩܿ㷢ǰԶһƶӰΪ˲ݾߣƺָ˷
ƺ⣬Ǽƣʾ׿ӦƵǰ˽а׿ӦһʹɫѸǰȥ
˽棬һǰһǰţǰǸݸߣһ˱ŹƽҰһ·˽汳
ͻȻ䣬ݸ͵ͣɵ´
˺ʣôˣ
ǰҶɳɳ죬ƺ׿Ӧдһ˳ֵһִվĵط
ƺ߾ˣǲǿǳţ
ݸ˻ͬһˣԷʹ˸ɫܡһתһ˸ֶɫΪѿ
ƺ˾δ֣ƿ֮ȻӸļʸݸ֮˷Ӧ죬Ҳ죬ۡһ֣صķ˦һö
ơһǰѾϣҧгݵذģȻ֣
ƺ״ػӵǰ׿ӦнǺ˲
濸ŹƽҰ˳ţү͹Ҵ򣡡
˹س٣бˣǸ򣬾Ͳ
һ˫۵ɵԲͷͷ󺹣ˣͬﱻƺ˲סϾ˼ԼҲֻӲͷƤС
Ȼ£磬Ȼಡһ˺мʹʹ޷أͨǰһˤڵأ
ݸߵǺ˼״Ҳ֪޽һ죬ȻսһӸ첲ųһֱ̣ƺ׿Ӧš
ƺܵػ׿Ӧǰסڱǣ׿Ӧźǰһ⣬Ǻ˵
㣿ƺ˵۾


156 
׿Ӧж˵, ǵ
˼ԼʶƣƺЦһͬ飬ʩչṦ, һԴ, ɱȥ
׿ӦҪȥ׷, ȴƺһץסʧķ, Ī׷Сթ
˭׿Ӧɻ
ƺۡػʣɣ״ҹؽ, ѺںеĲֿ㻹ǵô
ţǵá
㻹ǲǵãҸ, и˰Ҵȳģƺۣ
׿Ӧһ㶣Ҽǵǰĳ׵ˡ
ԣ˹ܸ, ȥ׷»ᱻɽ, ·ǳʱ̣ǾɢɡƺüĳͻȻ, ֪ʲôıǽΪϡ
һ, ŹƽҰǸм֮˵ڵأƽҰҲˤ˵, ϽȰԣ˺ͳη±ߡ
ǺߣҪסƷȴͻȻ忪ʼس鴤òԾϽȥ°ͣȻվûüѾ°ĭһˡ
һƵ˦ͷļ򣬽ת泯죬ϵ𣿡
ƺԶԶƳһۣû
ҿѾʬǰʼּ顣
֮䣬ƽҰѾƺȥ˼ɤӿغ硭
ƺָһ£ʵţһˡ
׿Ӧиƺ󣬼ƽҰ۾ģһҪ޲ŵģԼǰοһ£ҲʾõĻᡣ
תһ룬ԼʾãƽҰҲδԸܣԹƽҰûʲôøУװĶԷĻҲδ̫ˡ
ǻ˰ɡ
ӦþǸģŸУоôֻṦСǿ˵Ƥ˿˰ְ°ѪδϵĺۼǶ˹߳õĶ
ƺĳµİ취
׿ӦиŴȥʣ㱻ƺ𶯣֡
ƽҰվһȳһյ߹ǡÿһĻ׿ӦеĿһԹ
׿Ӧ쵽ˣûпҲǻֺ˵ӣȻҲԼȥ˵ƨɡ
ƺʹܿ콫˼һ飬ûзκκۼ
ֻ˳Ҳǹŵ·ʽ׿ӦиŶ£ƺĳﻹбĸ֡
ƺĦ°ðĺ磺ͣ˼죬ͻȻ֣֪ʲô⣬Ժ󵫷ԵһҪסǧš
߶ǵָƣǶһ֪ǰϰٱôǰǰڶĶӻܸṩЩɿ鱨ء籧˫ۣŵŵˣеɻôֻ˳ˣ㷽ߵǸҲǵĶְ
ûƺڣƽҰΪˣûʯҵȥҲأû֪ǴԺﱻ˴ߵġ
ˣû˯б棬ȥǰԺʡʱ䡣ζ
ƽҰ֣Ϸһ˿мôɣ
ôɡƺ˵ҲǷ˴ʯѰӰҡ
׿ӦеҲʱ˺ܼͣʱƽҰȻ
ˣô׷ôҲڵģƽҰʵղسô˭ҹҷˣӦòǣ˯ɢ˯ñ죬û˽϶Ѳ
˵Ŀˢˢؿƺ
ƽҰ΢΢Ц磬ҹȥҷʲô̸ģ
̸ƨȥ㣬һߡƺ֪֪ʣҲֱԲ䡣
ƽҰɫʱͳίؿҾ֪
״ȿȡɤӣ⣬һ뿪װȥΧ鿴
׿ӦҲԼ̫ʣƺͷʾ⣬ԶЩ
ƺ˳ƽҰ·Աһ˦ͷƽҰߵһ¡
ôƺĵ
ƽҰƲͷûС
ҲǷҪߣδҵȻҲɣҴһȷʵΣաƺĵǲһģͱ˰ˣһ·֪Ҫʲô
ƽҰеҸسǣ㰲ȫôʱұ°ֲ֪Ѱҵ
ѰӰҲˣƺζʣȻд׼Ϊʲôңƫǣô
ƽҰίҡҲ鷳ҾֻҪһҾǰȫģѰӰҲԱʱ֮衣
ƺߡһ㵹ȫ
磡ʹһ߰ɣȻΣգǶ˵ѾȫĵطˡƽҰƺβǱ˿ӣ֮һעģҹ·Ҳ뿪ߣ϶ٳˣ
ƺüްɶ
ƽҰУ߲һֱҪץôǿڸ壬ʡȥϳԼͻȥ
˰㣡ƺ壬ͲƵԼ
ƽҰ԰׵ͻȻ¶һ΢ЦҲûϵǲɱҵġ
ĥ㣡˳ӣ̵𣿣
ҵ̵ˣȻҲܡƽҰȻȻвмĲУҲǳ־ᶨ
ƽҰ
Ȱˣ硣ƽҰץƺ䣬£ˣҲٵͷڹ߲꣡Ǵ׵ĵˣҲҵĳˣҲΪҵ𣡡
ƺؿˣ
ڣƽҰвѪ˿
Ǻáƺͷ˻ߣԺǻȥٺǣƽҰһ·
׿ӦС⻰ɫ΢䣬ʱƽҰִϵ磬ǣܱҸǡ
ҺʹүС

ҲΪ˷ƽҰ
ƺ˿ֻ³εȻعţȷɵ˫ɽţȻǰ췷塣
------
ĹΪƺŹƽҰʩչṦѸȥ
ƽҰſƺĺϣ˫۽Ĳӣдű͸ĶԷʪ£ҸÿɽҰĻ
ѾܾûˡƽҰ૵һλǰʮǵ۸˸ˣӣ˵ھҶȥǡ㲻ֵȥ֣ұȺˣһֱ§ڻˣȥмϹ˹䣬ϻ̻۵߲һ·ұؼҡЩ㻹ǵ𣿡
ƺ񱼣ûĻҲ⻰磬㲻
ƽҰں۾̻õĽ־Ӣֶ꣬ڣֻ̻ϲĲ
ɢĻ͡ʯƤϢϳζţţ·ɽһ׳ѩɣ˸ожġ
ƽҰ֧ӣϸϸƺ󾱵Ϣ̾꣬ҵǸǡʱԣǶûһҶûˣҲȥ¡
ɲ̾˿һʱСʱõĻ䣬ҾǿЩġˣֻصˡԺ󻹻иõĻ䡣
ƺ
оƽҰıǼսԼĺ󾱣ѾһƤĵСʿɶֹɣ
׿ӦиƺĲ󷽣ԹƽҰľٶ˸һӦˣһҪǻʱ䣬ϴ費ɡ
Ǽϣʱָϻ˹š
᷿ܳƽҰö˶˵վԼǰ͵˿תͷ͹˵ϣ˫ֺʮ컹Ըлүүƽ뱣үҲĥѣĶʮ٣ү㾡ȥɣ
ƽҰḧСһͷõ΢΢ЦˣϻˣȥЪһϻҪ·ء
ҵ˿ڶˣµģλһˣȥϲʤһ߲ᣬһȥ
ƽҰЦƺ磬һȥϢһ
ţȥɡ
ԶŰƺһߣüͷʣģ·аٺһ
ҵȻ֪ƺε常ĶӣҲԸ
˸ۣͲûӷһףԴ
ƺЦЦҲͣתͷ׿ӦУУˣǻط
һţ㽫׿ӦаŰϣǼ˲ԷıǼ⣬ʣСô˵ûҪô
׿ӦƫͷĴɢҪʲôȻɣڼˣı¶붯ӣֻľͺá
˻Ĩôҵóƺ⻰ͷһůס˫ἷѹһȻ˿ݹسֱ롣
˶ʳ֪ζǱ㲻ǰշ磬ܿ˻׿Ӧиæƿλޡ˺ˣ㡣
۾죬ǰԼ׵ˣδ򴽣̾˿ðɡ
ҿƺ̫ãʲôƣҲΪֵһ׿Ӧ΢ţǵƽҰô
ƺͷ׿Ӧмϣ侲Ƭ̺ҾƽҰˣֲϣϾһ𳤴Щ鿴˵˵ʲôӡ󣿡
⻰׿ӦнЦЦĪҪûмңͲʡǰܵĲǣҸ฾ʲô𣿵Ȼͷֵܼ϶񲻾ⲻˣ
ɻƺԷ§ڴϢôͳĲǣ
׿ӦţüţҪ˵
˵ɣжϲ׼ȷ뷨ƺƣرۡ
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ʲôƺۣЦôͻȻŤˡ
׿Ӧҧҧ촽һĵǲϲ㣿ѵܹϲһˮϲ
ƺһڨڨ㻹濴ˣ
֪׿Ӧһµеջ𣬡˵ˣ
ƺεûУٰ㰵ʾԣװɵء
¿ɺã⻰׿ӦвʼĥԼڵʱ򣬹ƽҰʲôʽʾƺջǵġ
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׿Ӧ룬㽫Ӽ֮ԹƽҰĻһһҽͣⶼҵĴ⣬˵ڡ
ƺ˵ʱ뿪԰ʱ׿Ӧе㲻ԾŪˣԭڳԴף
ţ㿼ǵöԣû˵Ҳԭ򡣡һҲ˵¡
ͦµģ׿Ӧа룬˵˶£˵¡
˼ĽµΣǾԸЩŹ֣ƫ£ȻҪ·ǵöС
ƺͷˣ˵ǵ˿ԭΪʲôô룿
ȣǸڲ̫ƽҰһֱоǲķãˣƽҰôö̸ˣλҪ·˵ǶƽҰЩǻʹõģ÷ͼ󡣡
׿ӦͻȻԼĲЩ˵ڣ֪δǡ
ƺŤŤӣ֪һʲô뷨ֹ˹°ͣŪ˵Դ϶ʲô
׿Ӧо¶ŪûϵǵİΣӲͷƤȻǱƽҰ¡һƽҰ͡ͲҪˡ
˵ôʲ⣬ƺ˼
⻰ȻЩΣǲšԼƽҰ̫ԾȻҲ˼
ƺ룬ƽҰ˼ĽԼԸӽ˵Ȼ¾ԼмƵǡ֪ʱɣڿһ˵ҲѨ硣
ôԼˣĴھû˼ֵƽҰİãټԼãƽҰĻǵĸְʾҲòӦޣҲ˵ùȥ
ٱƽҰǸҵԵøһЩ
ϾЩ죬ƺע⵽ǣǶƽҰػƽҰĮҡ
ƺԼܵƷֻƾǰӡ۶ϣǰʵӶ


157 ̽ɽ
ԴӾùƽҰΪ֮, ƺһֱì֮С
еƽҰڵƽҰʵȥԶԸ⺢ӱ˹ſ̱Ҳɱң־ûƽҰԼǲ, Բж׿Ӧеһ, Լεƽ⡣
ڿ, жϻǶԵġ
ƽҰСʱΪȽŲмë˼ҵĺӳЦ, ȥ棬ֻҴһϰ, ⡣
ƺڴͷԼֱۣҲΪǰǹ, ҿһ档ƫ壬Ҳ֪⣬Ϊ常ȥ˴̼, 걻԰ĥġ
׿ӦȴΪȻܿѲ˱仵ɡҺСϸҲôˣҲûȥĥˡʱ㸸ĸ˫, Ҳûʹһͥô
ƺ˼һۣ׿Ӧб°, ʵ˵òԣ
˵ĵȻԡҸˣܻ᲻Ծߵ, Ĵ󡣡ƺ֣ʮָ, ԳڵҲ̫ʺϴ̣ǰ侲
׿Ӧдչȥⲻи£˼ȫǰҾãЩ̵ģضĮ飬ΪսƬ̳ҸϲѪ㣬ˣҪ˼ȫŲѪɱ
ҵĺðУǹҡƺ§׿ӦߣǱ̤ʵ
׿ӦĴǣǵ磬ƽҰƫĴǧ𡣡
İɣġƺǿЦЦôʥ飬ǻûôˣҲñˡһͬУ۲죬ƽҰҲܶţʱ̸̸̯
ţҲá
ôҪ˯һ
Ȳ˯ҳ׿ӦһµӴ
𷽲ŹƽҰſƺӣǵĲôˬ˶һ󺹣ƺȥԺˮߣˮݲݳ˸衣
磬ҴҪĶ֮󣬾͸ԲһڣںԺװЯ󣬱㿪ʼ˫巽
ŵġᡱǰͷŵģ׿ӦѧҲûжһ׸ļҲһһϦѧᣬγУƺŹƽҰ
ǲ㱧ֻñСȣΪ⣬գô·
׿ӦǡԼۣƺɶ࿴ǼۣôԼĪί
Ҹ񣿡ƺ׿ӦеתֱɣҸӢ
׿ӦԵԹסЦüЩ㣬㿡ţһխҲСһȦߴ֮ͣܶè뻢ĲӢǸ
ԵʥֵĿޣȻпϡƺĻŭţһֱ
˸߿գ׿Ӧнļ򣺡ûҵĻô֪ǵʥ֣
ƺһЦȻó࣬⻹˵
ɸº񰮣ҲΪ㻭һФɡ׿ӦƽҰƺװͼе㼵ʣҪԼһ
ðôСȥƺͻȻЦ·ĸá
׿ӦУ
Ϊɽɱߴߣʮɽڲ·УһɽһǹƽأҲܰȫЩ
׿ӦбƺǺķڽ³ڴǰ·֣ȴһ㲻ú£ֻü
ƺ˵ˣֻҪҵϳ֪ͨоӰȳʦָտɴ׮һˣҲܸȥ͡žۣӴ˹Ϻͺӡ
õδ·ǰ˲ĳȣ
ɹ˫󣬽췷ķΧɽй߰ŵİڣƺ˸ƣ˱׷ɽµһƬ׼ͽɽ
С˽ᡱպãƺƽҰæϰ߹ȥ鿴
ƽҰǷεģԼһ߳ӣƤһһţƤĥ͸Щֺ͵ɻأǰ벿Ƿɣ벿Ǵϻ
ؿۺһţƤǣţֱϵָʳָϣͻȻϮȹؿ۴򿪻أűԹ
ȰŹƽҰֱֻ۶編ƣԼҲˡ
ƺߵƽҰǰ֣梁׶ҡ
ƽҰԸؿ˰ɣҸװˣĺܰȫġ
͹ˣĶżΣûãͽۡƺа벽á
ƽҰÿ죬ЧҲֻôж»良.ҩҸƺ
أ
ƽҰεʹ˸ɫʾѶƺ
ȡסȻ˩䣬һС׷ֱװһÿӷָľ뱻һϣһ𣬺Ƴŵİٴõʱǳ㣬קһӶȥֱӺݺһˤը
ϴƺһʱľսⷽǷ㣬һЯ֮ˤһӣǻðԼըһ̲࣡
ƽҰ֪ԼȽŲãûûɽ·ⲻ˵ӣЩֱ
ӹƽҰһ׵ӽСݸƺ
ƽҰһԲĵؽͣ磬ҲûôȫʹˤըͨˤӲµġ
һһ
ƺףСһϽ⿪ֱ𷢸ʹÿţڰٴ࣬Աʱ֮衣
ӹⶫ򿪴ӿ˿ЦӦñǡʺõ㣬ƽҰ㵽ǸˣȷʵȹүӴ󡣡
үǽԼ⡣һٴ˩һߵЩʵ̫ΣգӪǰǸտʼѧû掠ʱжԼֲǲ֪
׿ӦֵŽأ˭֪ƺ⵲ˣϹĸҪõʱԴק
ƾʲô׿Ȼ֪ǵԼԾɸܵӣ㻹ƽˤӲɣṦɱã
ƺٺ١һ֣һڴҹɫʮԣⶫжΣգҸ˽⣬ðաˣǲġ
ɣ׿Ӧв¶϶Ѵ࣬ûִ
ĿһĻŷԼֱⷽܣæ֣ȥףԷһ˹ȥ
һۣ˭أ
ҽֻڨڨ֡
ƺװϣɨһʹҲãһ֣
췷ǰ⼸ɽвͬ߶ȲߣɽѾ˵ŵɽ棬Ҳ֪ϳʲôλƺȡʽнʽɽһȦȦңκ
һ͸˷ʱ䣬ֻãԸûаϳڸߴ
ͷ󣬹ƽҰǸм䣬ƺ׿Ӧеһֱ־״̬нٶȲ죬ƽҰȽܸϣʱûǱ
ÿһʱƺôϢһյʱ䣬ʱ֧СӲƵɽ棬ֱ߾벢û̫ߣҲδĺۼ
Ҳֻҹ·Ϊ˱߻أǽҪнʱ˰죬죬˴Լ˺췷ʮ֮ĸ߶ȣȻû
ԭʱƽҰ̾⹷˵ϳɽϡ
ҲԽ߶˵Խȫûзиڸġ
ô߾Ϊ˷ĵģͱھȻľߡһǼҵ뷨ֵʵûжˣƭɽɻˣŵֱǸɵ٣ܵθڵȻҲ֮١
׿Ӧ⵷˵ƺ㣬ѳѨģ
ӦûɽĻһɽͿգڻ˾ҲԲƺ׿ӦжͷǺá
һҲҪƽҰƽҰĿһֱ׷ƺ״ƿǣԼ
ƺǰǱֵùܡ
׿Ӧо쵽ƽҰԼͶĲƵĿ⣬ﰵԺЦ
ƽֻܵƺ棬Ҳδѹֻɨۡ
֪ǹ԰ʲôԭ
Ҳã׿ӦҲʲôƺ
ҹӪϰҹڡ
췷ٷö࣬ڵ˯ֲȼⱩ¶ǣԴɽ֮˶˯ڵϣƺϰߵر׿Ӧһ˯˻ůһ㡣
˹ȻᣬĽƽҰԼʡ
׿Ӧ˯ԺʱƺУѡ
ˣ׿Ӧл۾
ƺˣһȥ
ԣ׿ӦƺĵذѵӸǵϣʹ˸񣬱Ҵȥ
ɽ˴Լ·ƺͣסţ˴еڣƬ̺ҶɳɳҡΣһݵӰ
ϻšᡱҹġ
ƺߵǰ磬ˣһ·ɻȫ
޷ҳ˳ǲŷɵġʢļڣͷƤñƤһ·մȫˮֲţȻͳСƺһ
Σ
ţʦү˵ǵǸʵϵĶˣԸһ֮
˵⻰ʱ΢΢׿ӦһЦ׿Ӧб֪סԼǰʱ˵Ļмһͷ
ûϵôŵùȻáƺ
ȥ֮ǰСԺסʦү⣬ٳһ׮Ҫ֤ˣʮٲأͬӦǰȫġԴ˵û飬ҲûմСԺ㲻
ƺ̾˿Ըûأ
Ҳղţʱ
ߣǳס
֮ǰҸ˵֪Ī⣬һʱҲ͸ֽʦү˵ǹٳ֣ΪԲҲǽǮƾˡ߻ܱҲδ˵λϹߵýô룬ӦҲδĳĳҵշԹĹԼһֻ۱һֻۣϽŸ˹ߵ˿ɳ֮
ƺЦһ˴ģˮ½˳ͨⲻһЩӬӪ֮ǿ̫ϣЩ˵Ĳ·֪ôû죡ֻҪܱ֤̫ңɹۣʱȻαذ;ڴ˵ءûϵԲҲǿɳ֮ĳĳұһǷ粽С
ǰҲҿˣǵһֽͨҲûʲôá
Ǵ̽磿
¶ϲɫ˵ҲɣڸÿָۡʹӵյԲ˾Σ
Բ̫ˣƺʱһ𣬡Բ˾ϽؾҲܽӱԼտɵ
ͷҴձһͬǰ뺫ָʹȡϵԸһ˳
׿ӦжԹԲ֮жԶ̫ƺ˶¶ɣӦǼ¡
Ǻŵùܼʱ֧Ԯǰ¶ܿܽˣ
⣬Ҳ£ȷʵ֡ǰһƺߵ
׿ӦбʶȤǷڡ
ƺĻŵ˷֮ɫʧӰ٣üĽ֪ˡ


158 
ĸֵԱó, ׿Ӧɻͷƺ
ҲЩɻ󣺡¶ʲôǣ𣿡
˵ƺڰ֣ҵԼһۡ
ǺãžЩ, ʲôҪҵ𣿡
ƺҡҡͷû, ȥԲһ·Сġ
￴˿׿ӦУǶౣء
׿Ӧﹰ֣ҲҪء
תҴȥ, ӰܿʧҹɫС
׿Ӧпƺ, ʵôˣŻͦ˵ġ
ٸ˵ƺסļ򣬡ɣ
׿Ӧû˵ϻһ
˹طӪ, һ·ƺԣ׿ӦкȻһ£ҼǵƽҰһֻӣ紫Ϣ, ôðһˣӲ𣿡
ǻڰ﷢ֵģû֣ƴ, Ϊߣɸӵģ, пտԲ飬лǣԴ˫㶼ܻ, ճëϸ߿պҲʱʱ, 档
ŵԭѰӰ࣬Ǵʯλ, һװڸԴһ̶԰ĵ⣬š㷢ܷʱɽзɵ԰㹻ˡ
Ҫʱƺɽŷӣﵽ԰ȥգٽš㣬ӾܴĻţɻصƺߡ
˵ǹƽҰǰĥģڴʯӦΧޣҲôԶڵʱĳҲɵóϾֻ۸Ĵ֮Ĺ߷Χս븮ǲ̫ԶӴϢŸá
һӸͷСЯҲױ¶ʿսܽͷͨգˮҲòɨսʿܽͬ۵ȥ
ӵĴʯͷ⣬ĿҲСױзػڴϢİȫԷ棬ʤŸһ
Żûôùɽͳ£ⶫҲûƺ۸ĲֿҲûֱƽҰǰһղƷ
ҰŲЩСƺɲ̾˿Թһˣ˵ܸϸЩ̶ֳȵķն˵Ҳ㲻ʲô
׿Ӧбûʣͬ¶ڣƺľٶ･һƬƣԺ鷴óһԼҲ̫ŵĽ
ѵⲻ̫ܣˡҡҡͷ˼⣬ӵͷԺиϳȥ
ƺԼ˼Уδע׿Ӧе˾ôµػصӪء
˴ĸڣֱӪš
˯ƽҰȴӵϷǵصƺԣͬһʯͷϡ
ƺƳһۣ˯ˣ
ţ磬ȥˣ
ȥ֡
ȥôãҲΪˡ
ƺЦЦô֪ȥ˺ܾãˣ
ǰ˯ȡ
ƽҰͷȥƺϿȴԷܿĶ䲻˿գͻȻ
һ¶ô
ƣۣͻȥ˯мҵˣֹע⡣ƺֿЦţһ˿⣬ҿɲɩӲˡ
ҹɫУƽҰ⶯˶Ŷ׿ôôҵĴҲԣ
ûϵҵϸҪԼһŲܾܽܵ͸ˡƺ뿪Цճ˵Сһ
ΪʲôңƽҰζ
ƺŵΪǸ䰡Ҳ׵ܣ̫ǣΪ㣵֮ôУ
ǰӲôģôͻȻˣƽҰǿͷŭ⣬Ц
ǰǹ¼ҹˣȻʲôںͱУܸ˺
ƽҰﲻԶ˯ŵˣץסƺĸ첲ûбˣ˭㡣磬䣬˵˵ܲң֮乴Ǻƽô׿ҲûôСɡ
䣬Ʈҡ֮űһ綵ͷԴϣ֮Ļ׿ӦҵȷСܼ¡
׿ӦһͷƽƵƺ߲ȥȻ䲻ˬּƺ˵˼ʲôǾܾ֮ʣû뵽ƽҰôߣȻƺĸ첲
ԲԴ˵ڴԼǿ벻̣
ƺ׿Ӧ⸱Ƣӣ֪ӦãȴǲĻŭţЦ
ƽҰջذͷϽ£ӻظ׿ӦУҲأҸֲһ˵ģ
׿ӦŽ˫ۣӸµǸһ˵ģү֤
ƽҰҪֱ׿ӦȥͷүͷϢ鷳㲻Ҫ죬һ̸ŵ˯
ƾʲôܡ
ȥ˯ɣƽҰƺϹƽҰĻ˵öԣʱʱһúġ
ƽҰΣֻúݺݵ׿Ӧһۣĵ
׿ӦĿӰԶȥͷƺѵһس˸
һ¹Ȼˬ
ƺ
һμÿɰ
ŵʹọ̈̄ĿɿڴؿŶԷʹɫ
۾ɵ󣺡Ҫʲô
ǳ˳飺ԼҵܸܵǰһףҪ
ɻ󣺡ڰɣˣ
תתȻ򣺡ѵƽҰ
ɫ临ӣү᲻ϴ󣿡
üëҡͷȺ䣬
ڶҼ·׿ӦҹǸƽҰ˺Ҳ㲻ټװȣ˵Ҫһһĳ
˯һ֪ʲôԼүĪ˦ӣŵֻСȣʶʡ
ƺǰͷ˿׿ӦеͷֿƽҰǳ䷶תͷ̾˿
׿Ӧбʣôˣ
үͲϲ죬ڼֱһģӿ̳ģи߶µǣ֧Сӣֱߵɷǣ·ײˣ»ΪǸʬġƺװģ쳤̾Ѵ
׿Ӧǣͱһӣ⻹Ϊ㣬˭ҪûζĴס
׿׿࣬Ľ¡ƺǰС͵׿ӦдᱧȥŰ
׿ӦУ
гƨˣ¹ƽҰǰɣ
ƽҰͣСǰĿؿ֣ɫֱҪҧˡ
սս١үұȥɣ
Զ㣡
ƽҰ仰ϧʪЬˮСߵƺǰ
ƺƺȫɫЦļ򣺡²ˣúã
˵ת׿Ӧǰȥ
ʹ
ûӣϧˡ
磺
ߵ˺һҹ֮䶼ʧķ衣
ʱ֣һ˵ִɽûκη֣ƺɫҲôÿˡ
ǹҪͻо.ҩҪĳأٲҲҪ޶ȫֲ˶ߡ
磡ƽҰЩˣܲϢһ
ƺķң˵ͷԭ
һ˷߳һƬС֣ǰһ̲ĿأмŹС
ƽҰָָһùǣȥժӹ
үһ㲻ôԼͻȻæǱȥ
Ҳšˮҵݸȵˮʡ
ƺվǰͷtһƬأ̧ͷɽϿɽƣɾƵģԽûס
׿ӦվԱߣ̫ɽľһƣݵԿ񱼣һɫʤգƺɫԿ
磬Ҫҿȥɽϲ̽һ飿ôһȥװ׵ʱ䡣
ƺüҿһ¡
ƽҰںߺǣ˵һǸôô
ƺ׿Ӧпɵվסţͣм䲻֪룺Ŀã
һ¶첻ãҪãƽҰεվһǳһŵȥƺߵʱ򣬳һЦ磬ֹٷҲУϴθǴ׺Ĺӣرóԡ
ƺšһĿ͹ƽҰָǿ߹ȥ
ǼԼүȻԹ֣̿Сӭȥ
ϦӰشڲݵϣƺǹӰĵطĪͻȻ
Ƭݵطǳ֣ë޵һĵ̺ǿùµĲݱȱ𴦻ҪһЩŨɫ䣬ƺһĨһ
ƽҰѾҪߵǸ
ƽҰվסƺͻȻȵȱķȥ
类Ķһ£ƽҰãȻ֪һ߿ƺһ߻ڼǰߡ
ƽҰЦ磬ģû£
׿Ӧƺĸ˷ֱǿùȥȴͬһʱһӲֻ΢ġꡱһǽŵ΢΢ݣ˫վȵ氫һȣͬʱΧ֪ʲôʼδδȴнࡣ
˵ɫˡ


159 
ƺ˴󺰣վס𶯣
Ǻ׿ӦЩܵ, ҿüʱ˵ʱľͷһվסˡ
ƽҰȽŲãûüŲֻǿվ, ɫüҪˮ
ܹ, Ҫ, ƺֹǣһ𿿽
磬лô׿Ӧʵ
ƺ֮һֱ۵ľ, ò̫Զ
ƺңͷЩʮ
ʮ, ҵķƽҰɫҲѿҵģҲ󣡡
һʮɫʱüŭ, ׿Ӧ䣬̵ĵؿƺ
ƺҧ˱, ɽǰҵЦǰ֡
磬ס񡣡׿Ӧг, ڴ˵󣬶Ҫ˼
ƺ˿³, ۾˵ͷ
ƽҰ಻סŭ, ߣҲ.үҵ, ǣ㡢㲻ú
վǶԶһЩԼɵľ룬ɫɷ׵һƽҰһֿƺ֪Ǻá
⵽һ󷨣׿Ӧƺν⣿
ƺ¶룬һûⷨõֻһˡ
һ˵ţһ߶£ǿΧĲƤ׿Ӧб㿴һϸĶ±ߣһۣпȿƬŰۻδģгǣ
ᴩ˻ʮ壬ÿӵ㴦Ƕһʯÿһ¶ǬףκһᴥأƬͿʼ뿪ص׶ǶĻʯ콻ӵеĻʯײǬ׵ͻᱬըΧԼɣṦٺҲᱻ˵ңһˣȼǬף
վŲĻƬߵ۴ײײƬԭ·ˣӹһӵĻʯȼ⴦Ǭ׻ʱͬʱʣʮһʮ
׿ӦҲ£ԼǴĲƤǿһ죬ֻǻƬѾߣ˴఼ۣµװãȻԿȫò
ʲô״Բôʵ
ǣҿвƤ֪λáҡʮǸΪҪ죬̫˿»ᷢϣʹܱʮߵãҪô࣬ΪʮµκĿƺͷ۴磬ǲ֪ķΧү㣬ǾܶԶЩ
ɫڵףȻܲԸ˼
ڽⷨ˵õ۴ơӦԶһµǬͣ˵ĻǡòϣԸԱڻƬײײ֮ǰȰײը٣ȴеǬס
ͬʱƬԶͣӵϵĻʯҲݣصʯҲ޷ײɽ⡣취ֻ֪ǵ˲УֻܵȫԱը
ƺ۾õѪǰ常ѡԱһ
硭׿ӦпܵӣԼҲ絶ⲻĴ
ʱҲ֪߾Ȼѧȥ常Ҳ˱ƺǰƺȼͨĻ⣬۾·ǻˣԿصᡣ
ƽҰͻȻ۴Ǭͣܵ㹻죬Ա˲ǺĿܡҵùˣ
һŵ缱ֱţڲ׷ȥʱô󰡣վ𣿣
ǴӦԶͰ⴦ǣƽҰǣƿŵײƤŵǣûǣ
ƽҰǷֱȥǿƤſڵȥƬĻ
ԽۣƬĻٶȻԽ죬ҿڻвһʱ䡣ż취
ƺŹƽҰᵽ˺ڣƽҰ
ƽҰŵµĲƤϸϸһ飬˿ƺ磬ﲻǣǣǶʲô
Ƕ°ŲƤһֻãȻҡһûʲô
ƽҰСǬ֣һߵıǣǳŵ
ƺǣĿ׿ӦпȻûбֳ֣Ҳ֪жôơ
ûвϣҲ֪üѰҵ۲һٵǲ棬ѵҪȥô
˵Ŀⶼ۽Զǵϣţϸϸ鿴ϵÿһ磬ͷðĺ顣
ƽҰͷشߴٵûУ˷ʱ䣬ȻҶһ
١ү㷲̧ͷû˵
ƽҰɫʱüѿ
ǡһֻͼȣͷ
ƺʱͫڣǾۣ
ŽӲӵϦڿȥѪһŨصĺɫԤʾŽػڴˡ
罹Ŵӣô죿Աү궼ûӵóֲṦӲˣ
侲취ס֣ġ
ô侲ۿûʱˣ缱ᣬүû취
ƺؿھţǰٴνͷŰʧȥ˼ƱƵģֻʣһ߿տǡ
ҪԱô
УƽҰͶ
ǰ常ĹҪһ޹˰װ׳øҪ˻
бİ취𣿣
һ޴ĳתתʱ䣬ֻصԭء
صһ衢ʹĵһ̡
Ҫ۰Ͱ͵ؿűԼǣ˿оһϣ˵ġ
ϣԼڣԷľ
ȥ
磬ҡ׿ӦеԱߴ
ƺѵתͷȥĿⴥ˫ӣļ˭һƵۡ
Ȼ˵ʲô빲ƨµͷ᲻
ôõˣöڴ˴
Ӧǰ㣬˵С»Ϸʱ̻Ծƣ̤ѩѰ÷֡
ôƺ룬ҿɲ˽һأ
һ񣬻úûš
׿Ӧп˼ﾡŨĺޣ¼ʹԼһľ
㿴ҡ׿Ӧ֣˼롣
ֻһ֮ƺʶֱ̧ۣסֻݡֲʧȵ֣ʮָۡ
СƺǱסˣ촽ţսϣˡġ
׿Ӧָ׺ݺֱǲңȻģû˻Լĵ
֪ҵȻ֪ƺ룬ΪʲôƫƫҪͷϣ
ƽҰѾʧȥһˣѵҪ͵
䲻
磬ҶǷˣܵظûʸ˵׿Ӧһ㣡
ûжԼôˣƺ
ǵ統ͷ£ඥͻȻϵ
ҴˣҴˣƺ˱ۣΪԼƬ̵Ͷҡе߳ܣԲ𣡡
иӵõѵǾͲô
ҡô˱ӣ
ҲǰҶڣһ취ǣ׿ӦмǴجѣ˿
ƽҰȴӲԶƮ˹Ϊ˭ҵӲʮͼȫˣ
ƺ׿ӦѭȥƽﵭĮǳҵǳЦ
лҪ˵
ţʮһᵽ~


160 
ƺһ, ˺ܶ࣬ʵҲֻһ˲û뵽ԼƳħƽҰֿʼŤ
ƽҰ, ôô룿常, Ǵ壡ƺȵ, ㌝ر˽⣬Щ취󣡡
ƽҰƺ, Ȼ磬ܵģ۴Ǭٵ, ˲ҲᲨܣóҲɲô죬һˡ
Ҳ԰ȥ
һѹס, Ҫҵ
ǣƽҰͻȻµ꣬, Ҵ㲻
ƺȵƽҰ
վ, ۣ֪Լѡ
ɽķ綸Ȼ, ɪɪأԱ˫ۡ
ŲݵԼһŵӰ, ûзˣǾһλᡣ
үô, Ϊ˾ϧ﹫ӳ˳ңߣ˿Ӳ񌝴ǰȺȡȻƢŹЩǳݶ飬Ǵġ
˭Ӳˣܹ˼ӣ˱֡
ǲҳԼү˼Ľ֮飬ġŵġϻ۵үڶҌһǷ֮룿
˵ү飬үͽŸǡ
ѣҪȣʲôԥأ
ү¶ĵǿ̣оȫѪҺʼڣ޷ԿأҵģΪʲôҶĸԸ
׿ӦпȻȴ飬ò󺰵ǣ嶯
ƽҰȴο¶ЦݣǣһУҶһΪ㽨㻹ʲôԸңһ
Ѵĸ첲ˣƽҰôˣ
סĿͶƽҰԽ
ƺڱ޷ܹȥ⣬ȻŭƽҰұ죡ǣģδ
үûϵģǼһһЦţȴ£ⲻǱ
ǣֻһ侲һ㣡׿Ӧиæǧ֪ûб˴۸Ĺ˵ǵз壬ԱҲը
⺢ӌƽҰأƴӣֱ˷ħĵز
ƽҰȴܣЩ˵ľԴû¸ҵֻհᣡ
ƽҰңƺͻȻɫ䣬ӰԵʳŵأ丽һˣϸŵµ
׿Ӧмæʵ磬ôˣ
ƬĻԽԽˡƺʶ߬ȭͷǻʣյʱ䡣Ҫڣø
յ衭׿ӦбۣһֻҪܼʱǴ۸ˣɣ
ƺȫֻҪܱҲûϵ
Ǭ׼󣬲Χж㣿
չɽµǬը֮ʱ죬ƺоԼۺƶɫˣֱ죬Ӹǳһίʵ䲻𵽵ײΧж
ҴԼһࡣͻȻ˹
ƺ˲̫Զ˳ǵČ
ƺŤͷȷ
ͷȷдҼүĵǬף˳һ䡣
һ࡭׿Ӧһ磬ҼǵǽиСӣܱвۣмиᡭ
ƺʱ˼ǻ֣У̫ˣ
ƽҰԶЩ֪˵ʲôǼƺϾȻ¶ɵ飬ü
ǣ㻹ڵʲôǴ󺰵һ̣Ƕ𺣣
ȻѾиľģ֮ʱȫԥƺ˽ɲЩ΢ϣһֱؿǡ
Ȼ挝ƽҰĴߴ٣㲻ٳˡ
Ӣ¸ۿۣų
үŲѾվ˵ȣˡ
𶯣׿ӦͻȻ󺰣ǣ뵽취ˣǧҶ
ƽҰ⻰͵ؿһۣ磬ǵİ취ôһ
һƺƽؿҲġ
ƽҰ⻰ģΪʲô˱䣿
ƺѾͷᣬһȥǣһȥƽҰҺͰпԼ
׿Ӧ΢΢Цţһͷ
ãȥǣǱ˳߲Σաתȥȡװ첽ϡ
 ЩޱȽţҪСİ
һЦ֣ġ
Ѹٴáᡱǽͻ֣ɵǲĹϣһӸϵϣϵ㣡
ǸϽӹӣϲ
ٶȷ𣬽ɿһøϣִӣ̶̵һ֦ϣȻƺ˸ڣʾһо
һߣҲƽҰͬϣһϴϴҺˣ
ƺתͷ˿׿ӦУУ׼𣿡
׿Ӧг΢΢һЦˣģṦɱã
ǵȻƺüĿչתͷүж
󺰣Ԥһ
ֺںǣӣ͵ȥ
ͬʱӵһˣ˫ץΣѸٵµٿػص
˶ĵط׶˵Ļʯ콻ӵ㴦ĻʯĦĽȼһ̵ţźŵģһźɫǬף
ͬƽҰ˲㱻ϸҡ
׿ӦнżأһȴƳƺ˰ģʱ񼡪ô£
Ȼûʱ룬һ̣䡱һ죬ضɽҡּǴǬը
ŲҶ߸߷˲ҴǱܵסͷ
׿Ӧиոأͱһȵ屧סǰһˣڵϹ˺üȦ
ƺΪ棬λڻ
˲ܵס
Զľֻһܿƽ޶룬˴ѻȸ
ƽҰǷֱ𱻹֦ͷסһţΪ壬Ե
ըĵطҶȼڻƲ󣬱һܿϨֻһ̷ϸ߿ա
֮ƺŽڵ棬Ƭ̣˿˫׿Ӧеغţͣסˣȫˣ
׿Ӧб׵Ų죬޷ֻùȨӦ
ԶϣƽҰһĻ۵ףɫΪѿ
ƺ׹ˣ׿Ӧվͷ򷽲ŻǴȥ
ǹƵò߲δʲôı䣬ǱϣǴλԱʱ˻Ƭײϣʮ󵱼⿪ˡ
λõǬױֻԭըһԼɿӣСöࡣ
𴦲ݵԾдУͦ˿Ӱ졣
ǻͣƺǰǸ߹˹ߵıˣǬʵڲ
仰Ͻȥǰ˹ƽҰԱߣأת˼˺üȦŪգüȭ
ƽҰٯٯּԶƺ׿ӦжͷŶͷ޼ӣ󱳾ϣջǣʹ̡
ǲƺˡԳߵԶЩﻹ죬أŷըĵطԼЩôɥըҲ˲Ув¡
һڣ˭Ҳû⵽̫ʲôʱ򳹵׵£ϻдһ΢Ĺżˡ
ŤͷȥԶ¹ƽҰƺǳԹĿ⣬絶ʡ
ҲˣүүϲģүۣΪүֻ׿һ
үһѹɣ˴Ѳûа˷֮ɫΪԼˣû˰ҲûۣΨһֻ֣бˡ
Ȼסûүȥǻ飬ֻһն
Ψһү࿴һ۵ķʽȻ˿ȴû塣
ԵһȦǣӶȻһЩƽҰȥ
ȻүųүҰ
Ծɲ̸˼Ľֻүоů⡣
Ĵڣмֵġ
׿ӦмˣűƺʣΪʲô˰ģô
˭˵ģⲻû¶ƺЦе˵
Ҳʮɰգôֻһԭ򡣡׿Ӧж۾ǽµǬҲըҺ棬һѣô
ƺ
С̫Ì
׿Ӧпһģ֪Լˣǰô˵ģһҪȰԼβǰңܲһʲô£Դ
Խ˵Խջһƺĺ
˻ƺȥסצӣһίͰ͵Ŀ࣬ԱҳϣȰԼҵһֻ㣬Ψһ㣬Ĳˣ޹ͰҰɣ
ȻƤ׿ӦͷһůҲٹú˼ҵġ
ҲҪԼƺͷҪǳʲô£һģ
ƺĺ󱳣²Ϊ²Ϊ
ʲôʸңԶƽҰŭԶ㣬ҿ㣡


161 ļ
ƺ׿Ӧȥ, ƽҰ˼伫ΪĻֻͷվǰ·ʲôĴ¡
󣬴ҲȻ
ôˣƺʡ
ƽҰŭ, ûлش, һȳһյǷĵطȥ
Ǹͷ, ƺԱߣСһ䣺ûʲô, ҲСĳײү
ƺùƽҰʵڲ񻰣Ҫȥ𣬱׿Ӧס, ˵Ϊǡ
⺢ԽԽˣƺ֪˵ֻðŭ
ѡᡱջװ
, ô죿Ҫȥˣô¡Ȼ߻ⲻ˵үô
ûƺӦ, ƽҰͷ䣺ֲ֤, һ߹ҵأҵԼĻѾ˵ˣڻҪᣬ˭ţѵӷϳʬ𣿿, ˴ȻˣЩǬ׻û, ȻΣյúܣǺαðڴ˵ʱ䣿, 㲻ҹߵϳô
޶˱ǺмΪˬҲƺ⡣
˭֪ȴƽҰ˵öԣ󱻴ܻ׷ǬڴˣȷΣաǻ뿪
аϴ˵㣡
ƺŹƽҰǣ˱뷨Ҫо뿪˵أҸȫطӪǣ㱳ƽҰǡ
һŶõģ
ƽҰȻԸ˶촽û˵ʲô
ʰҹؿڣ߹үɡ
ƺĿ£ƽҰһǵı
һƹƬĲݵأּ䴩УΪ޶ȵرܿͬ壬רб¡ŵ˵Ǳһˣ֧ܿ
ƺȥذϵװ׿ӦУߵߣԹƽҰұ㡣
ģƽҰ˲䱻ˡ
ٷϻ
ƽҰ̴Ǳƺĺ󱳣һЦļ
׿Ӧޱرƺװͷǰȥ
Լ·Ƿһɾɽڴ˵Ӫ
ɽзֱмǻƺܵ˴д÷磬ɽӦͷͨ͸ǵү㣬ȥЩѸһϳͺ
Һʹүȥɡ׿Ӧǣһֺøɻ
Ŷáǲԣ
Ҳû뿪ɽ̫Զڸ￳񡣴֪׿ӦнǽглҪ˵ȥ෴߿ɼľ롣
׿ӦƺӰĵǣѰһðĬطͷϵ֦֦档
Ǹɹũؽ֦辰һȥһá
񶼰úڳסʵ׿׿ӣͬ˵ʲô
׿ӦгһЦл㣬ûô˵ˣǸ
һãûнš׿Ӧûƺѹȷʵ
ǺãǾġ׿ӦһӰһ̧˲ͷĺҪ˵ǣлԸΪ˾Ƕ
ǲ˼صͷûô
ҿûȻ˶ھΡ׿Ӧпҹɫ꣬뷨ѾˣȻҪл㡣Ժ£һܳ嶯˵ֻһͷ֪𣿡
û㣬ǡΪҼүүҶɽģΪʲôҶĸԸ
ô˵
֣ûûУû˵Լôģ
Ϊʲôɽô׿ӦвʣǺ棬ƽҰ㽲Ĺ£
Ҳġˮ֮ӿȪ౨Ҷ
׿ӦеҲҪи޶ȣҪԷκҪ󣬲ôοҪȥƽҰԱﵱ治ѹ
ѹҧ촽Υĵ΢ֲû취үֻ˿óΪүҵҫ
û˭˭ǣǰÿ˶һģһһۣ壬ֻʣһ߿տյƤңһնһɻҡ׿Ӧ
͵̧ͷ۾үأ㲻ԸΪô
׿ӦЦһȻĸԸģֻΪô
Ϊ㡣ǵүֲҡ
㰮ƽҰ𣿡
ǻֵ֣̿ҲңүҵĶˣǾɣҲҲң
һȨʲô벻ң׿Ӧеѱ˿̫ߣҲԼ̫͡Դڳݺ;ϲˣƽȵģڸʤٱ㰮ðøͽޱطӡ
ΪΪΣ
Ϊͻʧȥˡ
ҡҪô
ȻҪ˵ĵطر㡣׿Ӧпǰֻ꣬бңͷԲŻѣſԲ˶棬ңڹؼʱԼжϡ
תת飬ɺԣһԡ
׿ӦϵЦ⣬ĳǣֻа񣬲Żͽ׼Ըȡ壬Ϊ֪ͼûʸҪΪԺ£ܶԷ˭ҪĻԽԶԽã
ҹǺ󱳲˸£˼Ƥǰ޲ΪƽҰȼֱһ̵Ѫ˿̲Ž£һ˿
ֻǵʱƽҰԼеδõĹעעȫע⣬ĶǸΪүĺ飬һУϸ룬ҲһԼʵţүô
Ǳ˺ݺ߬һѣ۵ġ
ܿƷԼ뷨үôأԼֺαؾ׿ӶǼɵүô˵˵Ļţ
ǲ׿Ӧб粵װãȻ޴ģ˵ͷ
ɽУӱҷƺæϵҶӲݣܿһɽǻ
ƽҰಽظƺ󣺡磬ʲôҿ԰æ𣿡
òţʵŰɣ
Ŷ
ƽҰһŸСĲ͹һʯͷʧȥƽ⣬±ȥܵȥץƺĸ첲ƺæתһ§ס˸
վվˣƺܿɿ۰
ƽҰƺʵţڵغˣФõĻȻֻգۼ´棬㹻ĳȣԽ뽫˾ΪС
Ͱ͵ػصǡʯͷ
ʵţƫȥ¡
ƺ⣬СӲдģԼϷôࡣ
һתƽҰһ硱һĸ첲˽
ѹƽҰƺĲӣǻίؿ˳ҵ
ټʮͬػǰɽըֳƺܴ̼Щħ˻꣬ڹƽҰһޣŭ⺢ӵˮ˴롪ԼĿ常ƽҰһ涼ûϰ
֪ްɿްɣ޳ͺˡƺŹƽҰĺ󱳣Ҳ̿𣬸ƿ
ƽҰ޵ʣ磬Ҿʣһˣܱܲң֪ᣬһģһġ
Ա߿ţۿ졣
ˬĳҲûôǼ⺢û˵ù¿³ƽҰСè޵ö߶£ͬҲ֮ǰջţʹ
϶ǹģһΪǣǼ󣬷ңһҧгݵаˣǰеʱֶζǼ򵥴ֱô겻ôЩĻ
ƺĻһĨɫ
ɽOO@@ĽŲ׿ӦŲһͿƽҰɪƺĨᣬֱ۽
ƺüͷûٱŹƽҰҲûнƿĥʲô
磬û°ɣ׿Ӧʵ
û£ʮƽҰ飬常ˡƺƹƽҰƽҰ̫࣬Ȼ˹ߵļˡ
Ҳһ֦ӻôһҾôɱĵ
վ׿ӦԱߣƺĹƽҰ޵滨꣬һѱһᣬ΢Щ𾪡
ûү⸱ӣĵȻһɳ嶯ҪǰһԷ
ôң
ƽҰҲ⽫Լһչָ˿뿪ƺĻȥ˸ڶҪ侲һ¡
кˣɣ
ʮԾزŵĲ׼ѣӱҳͭһŪ
׿ӦаĲŵһߣߵƺǰ磬Ҫܣɡ
ǵƺ֮ǰһʱֳη壬Ҳ˷ЩħʵģЩĵġ
ƺæŵϾ˼ǣ㽫׿Ӧ뻳Уƫͷһ£Ű°ʹļϣڻǻҵȷֺ£¾ݣҲʹԼܡҺڣң˰취ܾȳǣ˵Ƿ常ĶԶģĽҲӦ÷ˡ
Ǿͺá׿Ӧһ˵廹ϵˣôյһУ⿪Ľ
ͽд󣡡ƺһЦ׿ӦϵϢİ١
׿ӦƿмһѹǧһѼ죬ЦûҾͷʵұ;ãԼ϶ͨġҿƽҰܵĴ̼Сȥοοɣ˳Ǳѻ
ƺ§ϧޣҵİƽ⣡
Ѻܿȼɽ･ʮůƽҰҲΧɽĴѱߣһ򵥳˵㶫
Թƺ˸ڣ׿Ӧϰҹ°ҹǹƽҰǿҪƺԼߵɽϢ˵ԼجΡ
ƺûоܾ̺ȥߵĻԴ˵̣˯ͷɽ
ƽҰû뵽ԼΪĮ˿̾ˬشӦԼҪ󣬸˵Ļŭţ˷ܵ˯ţߵĵطһֱ
ССɽ죬ҡҷĹӰƺ˯ϣճһӢƥĲüëִŨ΢΢ݣͦɽͣǷһվտĵ
ܾʱŭѹˣƽֺƿףӲЦֶˣһܸоְȫ
ƽҰǲ֪ƺ¶̰ش̸ƺԣȥĿ˫ƯĴָ̧֣ţҪȥ
еѾ񣬾ø㹻ο˼ջ֣ȥƷ
ƽҰ˷ܵصͷȥӰӽƺ˯˫ߣѾо˶Էĺ
ʲôƺ۾΢΢һ죬ؿŹƽҰ
ʵҹӦƽҰһ˯Ҹһġ֮ǰƺһֱװɵҲͲ⣬ֱܲüʶԷǲϲԼ
;СһֱڿԼ㲻뿴ԷʲôزҲ˳¶򿪻ϻӡ
ƽҰûбˣ룬Ƶ磬ϲ㣡Һ֮ǰͿʼϲˣ磬㿴ҡ
ǲ˫ĵٴ֣ȥƺžһԷݺһƴ䣡


162 ί
ƺ, ʹĲѵؿŹƽҰѹҼᣬã㻹ҵ˼ô㲻ܡ
Ҳʾ, ͨͨ, ҵȻҪ˵ƽҰί, ϵΪʲô˵Ϊʲôϲ㣿
, 
ϲˣѵͺôƽҰ۾죬ҲǸ, ĪҪáң
ƺһԼƽͼ䲻˭˵, ˵׳
Ҳֵܣ׳ʲô£
ƺҭһ䣬ŷԼ˼·ƫ, ԳЦЦ̾һ, 侲¶ɣûɽ, ˶鲻£ô򵥡ܴͷ, ǻֵܣ, Ҳˡ
㾹ȻΪǴСһ𳤴궼ôƽҰû뵽ɵ˵ôĻһȻʹġ
ƺƽҰΪȥԼĻӽͣƽҰһֱ㵱ܵܿҲǱ޷ġݸҲӡһֱܴͷǰΣǰﵹæǻڽ԰ãܷ£ǻǰ
ƽҰЦͷ˵õɣ܌׿Ӧдͷ𣿡
ǲãΪҪôƺһִԲģȻ۵ġ
˱ϾСһ𳤴󣬿ƽҰһǻԼϣҲԼΡ
ǰԼڲ䣬⺢ʲôʾ
磬ʶã˽𣿡ƽҰ𷽲żģСһչͷƺ׿ӦһֻΪ˾ʦĸ飬ȲҌһ˿һǱԻˡ
ƺüͷƽҰ˵ɵĻӺɷõŵ£ԼĶֺαǿ󣿣
ûǿ㱾ҵģߵģҴСദǢ϶ҹذмӣ˼ɫƽҰҧгݵһ֣ʲôˣʦǶˣô֪ߵװʲôģ
ˣ˵ˣƺŭǰû϶ҌذΪʱ㲻¹ţ㲻ʲôӣԭᵽͷϣʥ鶼ȥˣ
һֱãƽҰ֪Ȼ֮ǰƣֻҪԼ挝̬ȣټϺȰǿŤĹϲ𣬲ǿ
û뵽⺢ӾȻħˣ˵ʲôø֮Ƶģֳʧ棿
üâ¶øú̸һ̸ڿҲû̸ȥıҪ밢еĸ鲻茝˽ͷˮҰ仰ི
磡ôΪһ˲ٹңҵ֮ǰúչҵô𣿡ƽҰ½ǣί
ᵽɽƺȦˣǿѹŭ𣬿ŹƽҰеΨһĵܵܣô᲻㣿ףȻǰȣ޹ҰҲጝõģչ㣬ѵ𣿽ѰˣҲסͬһ£ֵģҲһ
ƽҰؿⷬһĨ漴ַһ˿Цˣҵˣϲô꣬ҪҰڳȥʣµѪҪô
ϲңҵĴôƺôͨˣ
ϲ㣬ѵҵĴɣ
ǡƺſڽ࣬Լӱ߰㣬֪ô˵źá
ƽҰڵϣֲֻؽ´Ŵŵص¶Ƶ½ϣܿ벼ϣʧ
磬̫ѹˡͷӰУԵôˣԩȥ㱻֮УҶ԰벽Զ룬֪꣬ҹôļţΪֱӼĵҰĻдұȴҪһڵ£ⶼüΨһһȥģĳһ죬
֪ⲻĴڴñһҪǧٱʲôΪҲһδУǣҵֻңһһ¶ȻǰѰҡ
أæŲʲôߵʵϸй̸˵ȥתһȦѵ֪ʹСȳôһѰңôᱻ°ߣ
ϵüһС֪㱻߰ˣҼԲ޲ԼȥģòħƣȴΪǸ׿ӦУǌұܶˣѰŸָĽԶһ䡮Ρʹ
磬ڿ˵ңôô˵ұú¹ţֿ֪຦¶༵޲ŻƽҰЦʹȫȫ㣬û뵽˵ֵ궼Ǽٵģ̫Цˣ£ͼ¶ļƬϧȷʵǡȡ裡
˵ʱһֱʹţ𴦣ƺӣɫǿƺŷԲ飬طԼû˵ʲôĵĻδúô
ǰʱƽҰǸʮ꣬δѣòҲδԲͣԾüĿ忡ȴѾӲ˵ģˡ
֪޼ĿȫǡӻǸӣȴ֪ΪΣԽԽİ
뷨ƺǳܣ֮ƽҰһͨʰҲ˵ѣԼ࣬ȷʵûеһΣھεƽҰҴǷףҌ㲻𡭡
ôᣡǳΪĻ壬ĵƽҰЦڻѵĹӰԵޱôҸļҹᲢۣҵ
ϥУʲôûˣûˣûˣΨһĸҲûˣ벻ʲôҪأʼ϶˰ˡ
ƽҰǧô룬ҵļˣΪ㣬һȥԣƺ´Ϊأ°ףΪ常֮һܲ㣬òã
ƽҰ̧ͷһͨ죬ӯӯҪ䲻䣬Ϊ㲻˵ҪҶϾô
ƺ̾˿ô²̸µĺʱ֪ѹǧ˼롣Ƚ˹ߣǴӳ飬Σ
ƽҰĵؿƬ̺磬ҪɱߣҲֹɱʵۡ
⻰ʲô˼ƺʱü
ûʲôҵִɡƽҰܿ˿ڣͷȥֻΪҵֵ
ƺͷ常ĳҶᱨģǴ漰ܺʱ䲻ˣȥϢɡ
˯š
˯Ҳ˯ţȥȡЩˮ
ƺҪȥȴƽҰӱס磡ҴˣҷŲô˵㡭ҡ֪ҷ˺ܶĺ¡ܲܡԭң
ֵ֮䲻˵ƺסȥţһͻ
ƽҰվԭأĿıӰȥһ˫нŨĺ⣬⽫յð氵׶Ȼұ
ƺһɽ㶴ڴĿ⣬ӣɫһˮѿ
ɽƺƽҰ˵ѹٵͣҲ˿ҲͦµûţС̡
ˮƺֹ̧۵ϳ˯ŵǣһҸƽҰ˽ȥȵȺϢ
л˵ʮջ𣺡Լ󣡡
ҳȥ͸ƺɷ˵ȥ
ûڵʱɣ
ûӦ㣬ȥ䡣
ɫ࣬ɽﾲһʪˮؿڣ޷ɢƺеϢСԶ׿Ӧ磬վͦΣŲ󣬱תЦЦЦͻȻۿᡣ
磬ô
׿Ӧлû˵꣬ͱƺɽϺݺס
ƺǻί׿ӦеĴ˱ȡ·ֻܽؿڶסԹ⿪·ֻ͵͵ӌϾȡֲ֮ڿڵ
˺ＱǺＱһ㣬˼Ǻϸһֵ׿Ӧеĺϣʯ̫ԼĸζһŌĺԣԴǵ˶ɿ
׿Ӧб׵еҹɫ˫ʪɫ΢΢̣΢ʵôˣƽҰˣôԡ
ƺ˵˼ڨڨӺףǲͦûõģ㵱ɳͲˡ
׿Ӧ˫ֳ˳ЦҪұ˳ڡҾͷ㣡
ҸҲҰǱ㣬ƽЩƺ§ˮϢһƵģһߵĻǽλ
ᱡҵɵֱ׳׿ӦЦôˣ˵˵
ƺ븴ƽҰ˵ʲô֪ǰΪ̣ǷԹٲûԼֻεҡҡͷ˲䌝СҾáƽҰ̫
ô»ˣ
ûУǸⲻƺ̣̾Ǳʲôġ
лҪ˵
СأʱչPUAˣ
Ǻǡ


163 
, ǴСԺվۣһҹضڷϣһ˫۾ӥƵģػΧƬС
ԴƺϰΪ, Ժϴһ·, , ˿Ա¯տˮæð̵ˮ, ʯͷź˲ҶĲٽ豭һһкȲ衣
⼸ദ, Ҳ⣬˵ˮЩ, Ǹرֻ˱裬ʲôû, ַԭˡ
ææѼ¶ɵö, ԺʯϷ㶡
ӡݶϵͻȻ๫ˡ
ôûӦ, ˿ѾԺ⣬첽ӭ˹ȥ, ײŽ
һĲϱװ, Цüۣ𣡡
๫һͷ˽ʵʵסˣ
Цԭ̾Ҫյģոϸأǿӱˡ
Ҳ̫ˣ£Ұ㵹衣תͷߣס
Ϊ˻ĲУڲ׺¥ãһֱôҰȡˡ
ĵز𿪲ۣЦݼ𣺡л๫
ֻлô٩
𣺡
˼ؿԺ⼷ֵۣ˳ĿǼԴ㡰ಡ˻ȥǳذѴŸˡ
ֻͷǸͰͷšһߣһӡģż⣬ϡౡһڡ
¶Цݣϸ꣺⼸ջô
йٲӦţҶͦõġʯ£÷ϣ磬ȥĶˣܵһҲɹˡ
Ҫڣַɿ˳ʵģøң
ǰôš֣۵ֲỳʲô
ļ磬Ͽҵûϵģø鷳
ˣԭɫį
Ƭ̺ܸܲң㻹ٳԶû˼̫ͻȻˣҶûü׼
鷴ְԼţ§ʲôĲ·ųԾСҲ³ͻȻٳԶһǰ㣬룬
ĲӣЦͷ
һͬǣֱȥ˸ãǱ˹ʦүĹ·
ʦүһϽŴӹȡһ۵Ʒݹȥ٣˵мҪȥ죬֪¶ĽҲֵͰɡ
ɣ֪òҴһѣһ߶ͭĨõĶһʵ⼸ճﰲô
ʦүţŴѷ磺ûʲô¶
һͻȻżæŵ˹ڴھͳŹʦүʦүſһӱ˵׷ͨˣҪ֪
ʦүɫһݣʲôͨ
ǳʲôġ
׺ݣ⻰ɫҲˡ
ʦүһ֣֪ˣȱ¾Ŵˣȥǣ͹ȥ
ǣתͷһСܡ
ŹʦүŲҴҵȥ˸ſڣһǸͷŵˣϲȴʵһ㵣
-------
壿ôˣƺû˵ô겻ɢ
ҹ¸׿Ӧٴɽ֣Īеͷۡ
Ҳ֣ҪǣôƨƵģĶĶҪ˵ݻδˡŴ˵յ鱨֪Ǿڴ˵ػһ·׷ġ
᲻ǳ͢ʩѹˣ׿ӦʵϾ۸ı
ƺЦһҲòһָʹԳǧＩףټ۶˾ˣҵǺ棬鱨Ǵġ״϶ǣо죬ץˣôס
֮ǰ㲻ͻ˸ôν鱨дʰɡ˲ǣÿζؼyڶϳ֣治⣿
ƺķҵĨ˰屾۸ˣǰ˳Ʊ߾¾գȫҶɱˣǻʮ꣬ȥ˼꿼٣Ԫһβŵ˽뺫ƽ⣬ҲǸվһ߶ġ˴˶ٱ
ǵǲ࣬͢ڣҴ̫ˣʮ˵СӡΧҲˣûǱصı
׿Ӧʵ뺫ָʹϵУǺָʹô
ҡͷϣˣָʹ˵ûҪм߹հƵġ
ģ˵ʲôѲһᣡƺһԭⲽ˹֮кζ
ץӷģȻȫǽ䱸ȫˣıŰѣ˵ĻҪԲ˾ģǱаţۿأᱻصֻ̽Ҫײϣⲻ󡣡
ţǱߵ¶ͽ㣬ˣ˴μʲô
̽˼䣬ȷʵһȫ֪飬˽»棬ѡ˶ٵ꼺Ҳȥˣ֪ɼؽǾһ̸
׿Ӧеǿ״Ҳı˼ٽ身֮ϡ࣬ȥۣ˴֤Ȼøǡ
ԣ˷ָʹ棬ҵĵǶˣҲİɣ˵͹Բ˾Ͻ˳س
ƺȴδаɵģԹԵ߶ͻȻԲ˾ΣĪ׷ǣ˵õĻԲ˾ⲻǸôΪβ˵Լǲκû⣬ԡ⣿
룬üͷ˼ҹƵأ߶˼֮󣬸ǽ겻
ֿ׿ӦУλƽﾡܽԼùɾ˿Ҳƺһ·࣬ͷЩɢңҲմ˲ƺĻҲ˳˼
⸱ģﲻ񼡣
ƺأ˼أָʹΪͻȻԲ˾¶֪𣿡
жš˵ең̫ӸհѸѹȥðܵλӣƺǡ˱ƻʵλģȴλϻʵӹӲʣôˣһԼǼӣҲ̫һҲϵҪ⣬һԼλ̫һΡô˵أܣ±ɡ
ԭԲ˾ԭĶָʹ̫.ƺЦһ̫ӻ̫˵㣡ô˵塭̫ӵˣ
Ҳֻƶϣ׼
ˣ˭˭ˣϱߵ¶Ҳܲţͣ
׿Ӧվһţ⳯߰㣬Ҫӵķ½ɽзˣֻôʵ϶Ҳ̫ٻ֪Ϊտǡ
̫ͲסӣҪԼϵλƷܸߵĶȥ
ɽˣû⣿
˵ϻʵνѡ˾Т˻᲻ɱʣµĵж಻
׻һܲˣ
ƺ۾Ѫ˿ܲû˵ʲô̲סʵôˣ⼸ûϢã̽ɽҲ۳Ϯˣ
ǵûСƺֹ侹˼ֳ
ʣɽ̽ôҪ̣û֣
з֣ϳɽϡƺ㽫⼸򵥸˵ˡ
¶֮ɫʮȻ󣡡
ˣʲô뷨ҴŴ⵽ˡƺƣذڰ֡
ô죿
룬Һú롣
ͻȻʲô׿ӦУˣУ״˵չüˡ
֣׿ӦɷЩ»ôģ
״籾ͰڵùǺֽˮܰͷ˵ǰ洦ˡõǴԵĿĶǲһõǡա
ô˵չüǳãֱʬʣ⣬϶Ҳû³
ƺۣüôݣ
׿Ӧû˵һʱζӳ¡
֮ǰ˵⣬ҲֻǸɥĵչüĥҲûʲôԹˡ
һ̫ˣûҪ
ȻޣԷˣҲûʲô⣬չüôңĪ˼ֱ
˵Сϸ簮ˣ֪ˣ˲棬Сϸѹɡ
Ȼܿ죬׿Ӧ־Լ̫ϵչü壬ĺֶСϸҲãɻֺαϧ
̾˿ĵȴһ׮Ե
ƺ֣ȷʵ̫ңҲӦá
׿ӦЦЦţֻСϸ磬ˡڵҲټǵЩ¡
֮ƺЩ£׿Ӧߡ
·ƺСĲһ͹ʯһ򣬱׿Ӧס
磬㡭׿ӦмᣬȻ˵زⵣģ˷Լ˵ʲôѹģƺô
ƺվȣ׿Ӧе֣ʾο뼷һ˿ЦݣȴʧˣֻǸɰͰ͵˵޷ˡ
׿Ӧס֣ʮָۣǣ㰡
ƺЦ˳ð֡
Զš
˾ôǣֶУţ˭Ҳû˵ȴǰģֱߵӪɽԶĻ⣬ƺͻȻס˽š
׿Ӧиͣ£ؿ
ǵǳȥٷϣҸ˵ҾЩ¡
ţǵá
ƺЦţµе磬ڱʱĻš
磬ŭˣ£ϲĸ׿ӦкȻʡ
ƺ룬̹Եϲ£ΪҾʧأҾԼҡ
׿ӦףԼϺµһ𣬱Ǹڽ¶ǰԣѾǺѵõһ󲽡
ʮΡ
ƺУʧȥ˵ʹ࣬޴԰ŵίʹһһȥװһȱԼΪûɣгûб
ûӰ죬ǰ첻µز£˼·߹ϣȴأЩ⣬ֻرܣԸ빲ͬսѣűˣԼһ̵ûţһз尾ģ
˺ΣĲҽ׿Ӧвɣû취ʩһƽƺеĴˣҲû취ɱԷǰ֣ģֻʹƶԷһѡ
Դδ֪ô׿Ӧпһֱȥԣ־ԶڡԽʱ򣬿ܻŭܻᱯˣܼ֮㲻ˡ
ƺټػһ˿ãȻ촽˶ȴûз
׿ӦصļˣͷεˡΣ˿ֻԶȥ
֪ѰĸζСƺס֣߬߬ԳôãҾЩ޴档ôѾˣ
׿ӦЦЦģ㿷֮޲á
лҪ˵
ĲȨıģϵµ㵽ΪֹϾձϵģڵҲбĴУʶҪһ졣


164 Ҵ
ƽҰѹʱ, ûᣬЩۣȥߡĲ񼸺ˣֻʣ¼ŵǡ, 㽫̺ӹ, ұߵɽ
Ժ, Ҳڵ˯ţɽֻˡ
Ӧǳȥվ, û˶˵黰ȥˡ
Ҳûָ׿һ
ƽҰ뵽, ͼ䲻߳ȥѰƺӰ
˵ô࣬ܿ, ƺиģһ㣬ֱȸԾһЩ
Сһ𳤴˼, ֮Խ, Խױ
ƽҰ룬ƺҵģֻҵģûܰߣ
߳ɽ, ĿȻ̲סݺһ, ɫȻţɻ, ܿóѾҪˡ
ֻǡƽҰ͵ؿ˿ûͷһʲô˺
ƽҰ
ѭȥ棬ƺ׿Ӧ߹˵ֽǣţ·һʾ
ƽҰЦһͼ
磡ỽһ϶Цݣһʱǰ㡣
ƺɿ׿Ӧе֣ͷŹƽҰĵʣ˯ô컹ûˡ
ƽҰЦü𣺡ͦõģұ;٣㣬ûϢðɣЩ㲣綼ðˡ
ôƺĦգ٩񲻸Ӣˡ
һͷɧ㻹вˣɽϷǸǰϻšᡱ
ƺЦЦĽ
Ӳûѿ򣺡
ү㣬ȥĶˣƽҰʡ
ƺҹɫɽѲһȦôз𣿡
ƵûУҾùߵϳϱߣǾͱȥ˷ʱˡ
ţҲд⡣ƺ̧ͷ˿ɫ˵仰ĹʾͿʼˣȻǳԵ㶫׼ɽɡ
ƽҰһ㶣ߣһô죿
˾ƺζүȥǣ⺢ӿ湻˯ġ
ҹƺļԷԼɺɫƽҰҲ֮ǰըëͻȻֱǸĵܵܣڸߴ粽룬ԷҲҪһʱʱ£ûѱų⡣
ƺҲǿƽҰ־룬ºƵģշ
׿ӦоƺһߣƽϿκζߡ
ƽҰ̲סۣ룬װʱ
˿ٳ˷ʰң׼ɽ
һæţһߴǷû˯Ƶġ
ô˯öࡣƽҰʱ׿Ӧ̲ס
ƽҰǣֻһ㶣ãȻ֪մͷţ˯û
˰ɡƽҰش
ͻȻүԼܳͷԶԣӦɽ̫ˡ
׿Ӧ˹ƽҰһƽҰ㲻ôҼ˯ú١
ƽҰһֱл׿ӹġ
л׿ӦвûѹƽҰ̬ȵ£תͷֶǵҪү㿴ϴ;顣
ŵ֣˲ˣûµģ
ƽҰǰ׿ӦеҵˣԻģ׿벻Ҫ¡
׿Ӧпһۣޱתȥ
ƺɽ˿׿ӦеӰεؿƽҰҲǹǣֺαض
ҵƾʲôʣƽҰסƺĸ첲Ц˵
ƺ̾˿Ҳܳģˣ׼˾ͳɣ
̽ɽʱɽģɽȻ˷ѡ˵ƽһɽ·˳ȥ
ɽ·Ѿ̽Ĳ֣ûиɽʱǰ㾯裬ҲɢһЩɿţúֱܳɽ
ǰ棬һûһ죬ƽҰƺƺĽŲ٣ʣɫ׿ӦкͳĬǣԵм䡣
ʱʱػͷƽҰۣǷǳǣң׿Ӧע⵽ĶʵΪʲôܿʲôԾô
ûвԾүǰʺö࣬ҡû
׿ӦлͷһֻۣƽҰƺ˵Цüɫ裬ֱۺ޲סԷƺҲһЦⰲ˵ʱעĽº÷һѡ
ȷȻ
Ϊǵǣү֮ǰʲôӣ
̫˵ϲһ˴ţҪôдҪô͹ĵЩСǴ˿Ҳʱǰ׿ӦеĻҲ֮ûôĵģѵܼЦ
׿Ӧʣ˵ѵãȫȻЦƽΪʲôأ
ѳζǵţһΣүܵǰ죬Ҳûʲôر鷢;鲻Ժת˺üȦ˺ü䣬ҼˣŸ׳ŵȰȥߣԭӦģ쾹һڴӦˣֻû뵽һȥ㱻˰ˡҡ
׿Ӧмȥһģ㰲ΪȥѹˣѾûˡ
͵͵˲۽ˮ˵ͷ
ɽɽ죬ȻЩɽˮ˼ƺһ·ûͣƽҰ˻ΪļճҹĻ֮ʱһѾҪɽŴ
ƽҰſƺϣѾʪ۵̧Ϊȥͷĺˮ磬̫ˣͣЪһɡ
۵ۣеʡƺˮһ˻Σȸˡ
ƽҰ£ҼǵòԶӦСϪǰСֵĶߣҪǴǱ߰ɡ
ƺϵ˵࣬Цôã
ֲǲ֪ңһȳ·СͰ·ߣɽʱҶˡ
УǱߡƺǰߺү㣬գСֺСϪȥЪ
һԸЪʲôЪô𣿿߼ܵɽˣ
׿ӦҲͷ˼شһ۹ƽҰƺˣҪ
æɣ
ãƽҰĵȻǵػסƺĲӣСҪȥ
ƺεһŤŤӣܿϢУΣգһ˻ס㣬ðкһ𡭡
ɽǶתˣʲôΣգƽҰе˵㲻ô򲻹ܵ˰ɡ
ƺԥƬ̣׿ӦУ׿Ӧɫ䡣
ҪǱĺõܵ߰ɡ·˱˪ɫһ˿ޣһҲˣ
׿Ӧתǰȥƺôͷ
ؿƺż㲻׷ȥ
ƽҰװһ죬Ȼװȥˡ磬ҵĹҲǼٵİɣ
ң ƺüǾҪʧӰƵү㣬ȥ׷УϹѰǣǱɽŻϰɡ
ô˵ŵ㲻ȥȥƨã
˼Ҫһˮƽأ߰еСӡһֱƺ˦۵磬׿Ӧȥķȥ߰ɣǸϣ
һһͷظŴˣƺŹƽҰվԭؿǵӰ
ƽҰסĲӣ磬Ҳ߰ɣҲˡֲǷֿãһɽŲټô
ƺ̾˿ŹƽҰ˵ǴСϪȥ
ȻԶû߶ãˮ߽ЩһСϪѴд
ƺƽҰ£ϪߴʯϣԼˮȡˮȵݸ˹ƽҰ
磬ȺȣôູǿˡƽҰЦúܹԡ
ƺЦЦһʹ󣬲Žˮٵݵ
ƽҰͷˮĿƳֺɫ鲻ԽЦܸ㵥һˡ
ǵСһѰôƺϪմʪӣ˲ϵĺƽҰš
һ£ƽҰȻûͷؿ˹
ƺҹɫ˸ȴǳģѾĻҪһ˵ʲô
ҲûʲôֻҪܸǰţҾˡƽҰ۾磬̽ɽûʲô֣ô죿
дöתΪõ龳࣬ƽҰţ΢΢ȥյȣЦ⣬˼񾲡
ƺһʱû𻰣·ҲھּĽƺһ涷ֻͣЪһֻֿʼУȲ֮ǰתȴöС̡
ôңƽҰϻ˻Σشߴٵ
ҽô㣬ÿôġƺ
ƽҰ˳־öҶָϲţʲôҵȻ㰲ˡ
ƺЦЦ㳤ˣӲˣͲҵĻˣҿɲҸϹš
ƽҰоԷЩ̫Ծͷȥƺ磬ʲô˼
ƺޱ飬ȴǿ͸꣬Ҳ͸˺˵ĺ⣺ʲô˼Ҿʲô˼
ƽҰͻȻú󱳷쵽ʱʱֵжȻǣЩû˶
ӷתؽЩԵϸһһһ𡪡ƺ̬ȴ䣬ݣ׿Ӧ£ΪͻȻǵĽôˣôСƵͻȻԴܿԼʹֻ˯˼ʱڻôƣԼͻȻһȦ

ƽҰͫվٴ̧ͷȥ£ǵãҹǳʮֻǱԲһЩôٿǿʮԲ£
硭ҡҩˣ
ƺվǰؿʵ̫Եĵ˭ǹƽҰƴߣһֱǰλĳף
лҪ˵
´ԻȽ϶Ԥ~
ȻıԻͲ٣ܡ


165 а
ɫ, ƽҰɫʮָӡ
ǲŵؿƺ·Է˵ʲôĹ£ƺĿ޷ε͸һĨʹյļ˲, , ں硱, ȴδ
ȻƺҸƺƵشۣ֪Щʲô, ȻЦ漴ֱ˴Ц
ƺüʼղһԡ
ƽҰշһ̾Ϣ, Ȼڱ㷢ˡ
⸱ӲǱҴΣ˿
㲻ǡƺֱۣƣƺƵ, ҷֵôȻֻˡ
ƽҰʯͷϣû˵, ƺҲûʲô˼䱣ϢĳĬ
紵Ҷ, ɳɳ涷޵ҲڳţĳƬСС޾ա
֪˶, ƽҰſڣʲôʱʼҵģ
ʲôʱƺѾ۵ýľʵתͷ, ©, ֻӲⷽˡ
ܶɣգȹҵǸ½ߣһΪ˱İͻعһ棬Ұϵƺ̾ɽᵽеʦǶˣǴû˸˵¶ô֪ģЩɵȷʵע⵽ˣϧҲֻɣû롣
ôܻɴСһ𳤴أܻѪôۣͬ
ʼ⣬ʵչüŵǴ
ǹɽƵıδʹùһϳ
ʱƺòԣɺ淢ϸ룬ùƽҰԾ͸Ź죬ͻȻĳеɵ㣬ȴʶػر뷨
ֱǰƽҰĹ֮ȥѰ׿ӦУ̾ƽҰǱʲôģ׿Ӧв̽һ䣺硭ǲǡƽҰڱ
ʱƺĶŵòסʵΪôʣ
Ϊʲôȥ׼ҳµԭ򣿡׿Ӧп͸͸̹ϣƽҰΪǵԵʸ˳ͻ׿ӺƽҰ˽ѧĲ£ֹ˲ãص£մãصƽҰȻµƽҰȻڽǣĿԼܵһĻɺϣԲԣ
һȻºͣƺ˵ȴ統ͷȣ˿˿Լƽܶɵ㴮
ʱѪӿȴƴѹֻ֣ò˿סˣѣҧһԲԼ
׿Ӧмԣ͵ĺģȵ磬
Ҳƺ۾ٿغˣ͵صһؿھʶؽ׿Ӧе󣬼ѵؿڣ˿ǻҲ뻳ɡôƽҰҵܵܣ常ΨһĶӣôѹҲ£ǡ˵ԼҴˣˣ
׿ӦбѹĽ֤ǼȷΣô
˵׼Ǯׯİȷʵйءƺ촽ţ޷Կصص֪šƽҰ˵ʲô𣿡
˵ʲô
˵˵ƺ˿˵Ҫɱߣֹɱʵۡ
ǳӣҵһͷһڲصȫϣ޷ӱܡ
ԭ仰㡣ƽҰ΢΢ǣϵЦһҩһ˯˼죬Ϊ˲еʣһҪʲôҲ²¡ʮ
ƺ俴ԼҲ¶ˣô
ҵǲ£ֻϧûܵóԸ
ƽҰ˵ƺҩ²գô룬֤֮ǰ˲֮ȫԱʮ֮ء
ǰѲƤȫе嶼ûǬףֻڵǸģ
ƺ׹ߣֻ˫ȷЩûվȣ׿Ӧһѷס
ɫףһԲ𾪵ôǸʲô
ǹߡƺ³仰
翴ֿʱˣ𾪣ظôǡ
֪²ֻһĿģʮһΪǣΪ常֮Ҵ̫󡣡ƺŹƽҰ΢΢üΪʲôҪɱǣүŹ󲻶Ծƽﶼʲô˯ǲǸҩ
ƽҰߡһҩֲ̫̫㣬ʵһֱìܡѾصˣҲҪˣŶңʮӰ죬һˣΪ˾ǰԱЧǻôֻϧǸ׿ӦУʵ̫ˣҵ͸ŪڹȻǸ
¹ϣԵĿ纮Ⱦһаɫֶĵ̬˳䡣
뿪۸ʱɱлʹһǼŵ˰ɣƺʵ
ƽҰ㶼µˣαҪңҪ˵׿Ӧ䲻㣬̫ûĻˣֱִҶû뵽βôЧֻһʾ˹Թ԰˳Ҫô˵ȷʵùֹ㶣ָĶĶ
žһϰһĶ⡣
ܺ죡ƺǵһģ
ƽҰδһƼŭ¶һܵĹЦݣƺĻ˹Ŷʲôʱ򿴳ģ
Ļƺȷ˵ߡָ˶չüĳŻǸһ̫꾡밢е԰һĻ񣬱ʷ뻭޶£ʱֻǻɣҲδ룬ֱǰڹ￴˼ſʼ㡣ֻʱ˵ԼɣȷҲڻ֮󣬲Ž˵
ƺó࣬Ȼɿǻ֮󣬱죬Ҳעⲻ֮Ĺ׿Ӧ˵֮󣬲ԼʱĻɴӺζ
ԭǰϧԼϹҲϹģʲô
ʲôмУƽҰЦЦȻЩֶôػǲͷҽǴؼңΪҵ͹ˣҲͦսթģǰװһƵģǻ񣡸磬ϲʲôϲźô
ƽҰʵʣҲһǣƤϸ𰵺ɫָӡ
ƺ֪Լвδ𣬿ҲѾ͸ˣŲ˻𣬵׿ӦУ͵óֳͽ䡣
ƽҰһһҹӡЦùȣô۰˵䶼У˵ô໵ôƫң
㻹ʣΪһֱƭңƺʹļףƽҰԲǱʶ֮󣬲ŻӰ˼ΣԴǿ֮ξͲˣ˵Ļ¶ҵȻỳ㣡
Ȼҵĵӣʲô۾Ҹʰ·硣Ȼ˵˵㶼ЩҸɵģ
ƽҰվͷƺӯӯЦţ¶ûС
Ȼô̹ϣҲһʡƺޱǹ°ߵģΪЩ˸򲻹֮þβյٰȥ۸Ѱҵ㣬ǿũڵġ
ڷɳط밢УֹͭǸˣȻҲ㡣ɱʲô˵Ϊ֪Ҳ׵֤ݣֻԼ׷鵽ġҵʱûͭô£ǸŹǸȸ볡׷ɣﵢʱգˣô
ƽҰ΢΢ף˸˵ȥơ
ƺȥǰŲӣ㽫ܣʱ쵽ҵĲΣΣЩϧҲʲô㰮ҵ㲻żȻ䷢һмƵˣһΪΪҶ÷񡭡ô
ϧ㶼ûƽҰί㾹Ȼû
ƺûнĻ磬Թ˵ǰչ¶һСʡɡŹǣϧʮ̼ҡıɱǣɽбֵüʧءƽҰǺư
ƽҰأʼ磺أһǰ׷Ļ
ЩҲòϣǸɱĵĺ̫֡˽ˣŪһڱصõƵģңȥҧͶµնһ߽壬ҾԼܴԼΣһ֪
ȷ
ƺʧЦ˳ǰңһڱνɱأ׵ʱһΪ֮ǰеǸʱҰܵĲƣźһˣ˺ʲôû취жϣֻ᲻ϻԼԼȦܶʼĲʱ㲻ȫôţܱΪĩ
ƽҰ̾˿ӣǱԹ磬̫ˣЩ£ֻǺ¶ѡʧȥ㰡Ϊû취ôԶֱˣ˭ܱأûв㡭
㵱Ȼҡƺûбֻ֣ܿбʹĵԼܸߺȻƶҲ˵ͷ
ʹˣҼ㲻ԼҲ᲻㡣ƽҰһϣ˰
ƺʲô˼Цɫϻһ˿Ȼ漴Ц˼ԳڳЦƽҰЦȥֻʣʹġ
˵Ļˣ衮֣
ƽҰеģģ磡
ƽҰû飬һ㶼ˣתƺĮؿ㲻ңȫ̰ѿصζ
ƽҰɫͻȻȥ
ɽ˵ô࣬ȷʵһЩǰ¡ҼǵһֻСèϲǺȴúΨһһμʧ̬Ϊèģ㡣
һ죬ֻСèˣ˵ˡƺ΢΢ͷսƽҰ۾ζʣô
ƽҰʶغ˼ܿƺ񣺡˺èôһأϽʣˣҲẦģֻһ𡣡
һʲôһ߻˴ףתͷɱ˹ߣΪ常𣿡ƺĿƣԼɱ˺ǲǸһ䡮ú̡衯
ƽҰüëһ侲˵ɴ߲Сڡ
СָʲôĽߵˣתǡѹƺ常Ϊػҹ׳ôԵô
ƽҰ磬ǴһͿһʱ㻹ףҵֻǳõƷôԼƵĻ󣬱ǺԭûôνңҰˣ
ûƺЦȻôʱ䣬ֿܣÿһֶ䡣
ʮ˾ܵĻõͼ߸ܸƳͼֻ浵һǳŵĻҪһڱ
õͼֻֽֿܣһͽڶʱ۸˾ѹͼֽǴӱ©ȥġ
ƺһֿԼڣÿһ˶ĺúܱѣڶֿҲǳͣΪʱƹ۸˾ľǺһƬϣ֮Ҳ֮ҵʱ۸жӣŲֲܷˡ
ǾֻʣµˣʹԷɭϣԼǱȥ͵ͼֽѶʵ̫ߣܳɹֱȥɱʵۡ˵ĳλȨƵˣ˽¸ͼֽ
ԴıɽûҲ˵塣
޷ָ֤©ͼֽĽǣ˿ԵãǸ͵ʴ׵ķǸ뻢ıƤȴΪ˻ȡĿ棡
ǳеĳˣôĿʵ̫ˣǸһҪĽȻȡźͣ
һɽżˣ޽һԼԵȨ߻Ȩ߶ԣֱһ
ƺյУ˺ܶ࣬ʹļף˳Щ֮⣬ЩЦݿĹԱаΡ
壬
ǲǵƷҲǵѹ֮ˣǲٽˡ
Щٳ֮ˣЮڸֶ֮УǲҪԼļˣҪԼ;ЩүǣôΪͷ׼ҵǿȨԣ
ǻˣǻίȫίˣȫԼ
ۣѣڹٳϻ÷ˮģмԲˣµģΪ常֮ʱʵۿ磬ո꣬Ÿոձá常ֱ̫Բһ£Ϊ׳ֻǸǧ
ƺǵùɽ˵˵ԸսɱУԶˣ۶ã͢ˮɱսϵˣ
ʲôңҾңǲڴףԼƺɽһᣬǿаŹƽҰԼıɡԩͷծ常ͨǸȨ󣬲ǴףôҳֻΪ˽ƽҰǸ˭ûв𣿡
лҪ˵
ۣѡ˵Է


166 
ּ䷺һɽĳ, ԭҲڣƺͳһ˿ȴô˸ս
ȻѾ˹ƽҰĿ޷ȫ̽, ⳡĶԻһֱĥ, ·һֻһԺͳ֮ʮֵ, к̵ذǰ, ЩΪصġ֧ԼһеĶͳһ̲⡣
ƺ٣ȴǿ⸱, ʮ־ƽҰ
ĿڹƽҰϣӶԷϸ΢ıѰ˿
ȻƽҰûбЩӰ죬һشʯ, 㰮ôôɣҲ㳳˵ôãʲôҪʵô
ر, Ȼè壬ƺûھͽȫг, ҪʵģƽҰ𲻴޷ǿȣĻشмֿ, ҪƺԼȨ⡣
Ϊβֱ˼ٰȥ۸Ǵǰȥ
ȻΪʶ, ȴģӵͽ, ôǺôƽҰֻϧûɱϷ˾β
ȻҴ۸Ϊβֱ˽ץߣ
ƽҰһʲô⡱飬󳰷ЦЦ磬̫ˣûô֣õҲ˺սǳǰġץ㣬۸һ·ҲѱʲôӣԹǰҲܿδңǸʲô̬ȡ
⻰ǲǼʾδ֪ƺֻһʧˡ
ʵȫܹĦƽҰԷ׿˵ԼĲһһ䵽ʵҲܲԼĴҡ
ȷʵʧģѡԭ㡣ƽҰţ˫ֳŴʯͷ췱ǣϸôѿã㷢ɵ£ѭȥΪŵıܣ֤㲻ںҡ
ƺһͷˮô˵Լô
ȻƾԼƽҰüһЦΪң޿ˣʲôԼ⣬ıȵ˫˫ԶԵģ߶и֪顣
ƺô̶Ѵ࣬漴һ⣺ʱĹţֺδӣ
ҷȺлӵһ󣬾Ȥ㶢ǣδʲô£Ҿòȫ취ȺˡȻ˰ƽҰЦ˭Ҳ˵ֻžԼ£ǲڱˡ
ٷ壬㲻ȥ㣬û뵽ߺһţҴˡƺʱиôշתϵ£ȥ޳ң˭֪ǻ˵ͱɱˡôçײʱͷ죿
ƽҰε̾˿ҲֻȮһֱͼǣһ͸鷳ҵǲ£㻳ɹ黳ɣҪҵ֤ҲѣôңȻȻỳԼʧķ裬׿ڣҲ뷨磬ߣ̫ظˡ
ĵ˱˻ԣɳ֮ظ鲢ߣø˲޳ܣ
ƺǿŭʹһֽ߬ӰĵΪָ̫ڷס
Ϊ˼ٰӣΪ˵ɽô
ŶǼô˵ĸζˣƽҰЦⰻȻΪ񶾣ɣҶһãϧûɱ׿ӦУҪǿҲöҪãôܲ˵سȥˣҿɳ֮
ƺü𡭡ˣ
˵̫ԣǶ䰡ôҵˣƽҰЦضȦӣٸش
ƺĸʵĵ⣺Ÿ壬ֹҡּٽ身֮ôȸǵ˭˭ĺ
˵ĳҡƽҰЦЦߣ֪ô
У
ֻƮҡ֮׿ӦдŷѩƺǰԹƽҰ룡
ọ̈̄ƽҰôԼνƺģͺ޲ð˵Ƥ
һӵ£Ʋֻϸֵ꣬Եø͡
ѹʵ޾ϸȻʸġҲģôãˡƽҰݸ磬ѾЩ¶Ʒˣǲǣ
Ǽˣ뱳º֣ҲԼҲ£ʹĲѵ磬һ顣
ƽҰװȻʣЩˣȻˣ治ʲôأȫ
ŭƽҰôԵүô
ʲôԲԵģƽҰµҵδûҡ
ҲסƽҰƺһѱס𿿽
ƽҰ磡ңǲģ۾һʹ쳣㣬˵ʵô
ƽҰվǰһ׿Ӧֵ̧סҪסƺƺֽһȥġ
αǰ۸û˻ôƽҰЦͷ飬Ҳʶķϣ㽻סɵˣҲʶҡô
˿Ĩ˰ϵˮл
ƺһѣջɵϣڸϷ
ҲĻţ
⻰оˮ͸ܷԻжϣ
磬Ĳ̫ˣԼҲͰˣҪжƽҰҡͷз㣬ڳ£ôܳ󣿡
׿Ӧȥ䣬ֽ̧ѩľ䣬죡
ƺһֳ׿ӦУһֵ飬ԹƽҰŲı£ȻὫһˣ˶޹ģ
ƽҰίֻ˵ʵûʲô
㻹˵
ƺͷۣ࣬˭֪ƽҰһ֣һʱĲѿڶһ䡰ɵϡ˵òף˻Ӳ̤һţ׼
ץ󣬼е飬˵
봹ͷҹĻڵģ壬ƺоܵԼ֣һ磬׵ġ
ƺ˵׸ƨѾ˵һߣһʲô˵ģ
ҡҡͷƺҲֻòٶ˵ͷϣ˵ࡣ
ƽҰԶӰվŵǸӵӰ֣ǣ
׿Ӧ¹ƽҰɱģϵĽһ֣ͬʱŤͷǵŵĻ㶼ˣ˻ʲôģ
ϵѾˮˣһǳһŵߵ׿ӦߣһƽүʵӲﲻù˵Ȼɱҵġ
һ˵ţһ߽ڹƽҰϵĽȡ
׿ӦпбˣΪ޹ǻ׸˹ƽҰȴԷģҪԼ˵ɱ˵ĶС
ش˿ҲлҪƽҰ˵ˣҲӦõõһ˽ᡣ
׿Ӧֻ÷½һضƽҰжֹ
Ǻڰ׷۾ͺÿ˿̱ëˮ΢΢ţԵˮӯӯˮŵĺ飬͸ǻϣƽӹƽҰһѱү˵ʲô
ƽҰ˵ЩĻһֲˣﲢûʲôʹ߳ء
֪ƽҰôƺƺšƽҰٱ⡪İβסģʱƽҰ˵ƺɫŹƺһУƺס֮ƽҰʳѰ֧ʱ˯Ҳ֣૵˵ԼǲǴˡ
ŤİҲǰ̫˽һЩȴܷеȡ
Ƕ٣õҲǳνǷǹĳЩʱ̰ܸԹƽҰҳϡ
׹ƽҰΪʲôԼҲ̹ȻˣүĸҲŤġΪȴֱȰ
ԼƺмƣܱүѡУο塣
ү֮ˣ˸˵ˣ˶νүûԼԼΪʲôĸԸ
֪ƺˣүҲͲҪԼȻ޿ɺǣΪһûʲôѹġ
뵽Ӵ֮ټүһ棬ĶԻڴ
үԼ˵ʲôأ
ƽҰǰһЩ΢΢ͷ¶Цݣմʪü۸㣺ǣллһֱҡ
⻰ǵʱᣬ۽Ƿ죺үǵı֣Ҳǵĸ֡Ժһܽ𣿡
Ȼܣ͸˾ģġҡƽҰսҲһֱ㵱ģ֪㲻
ֻһðƻѣȦ׵Ĺߡ
⻰ǵĶȴЩζ
𾪵ؿŹƽҰү
ԺһƽҰͷ
΢΢ͷȴֲ̫ͣү̫ײ
˭֪ƽҰڽţֿ̧סĺԣ˫
ֻѵˮһŵǣȴǺһսԺ̻ʢţ˲ľ
ǲǵĴУ˺ðŻүĴȴܱô̹ǡ
Զ粻ŵؿߵĴڸʲô
ߡһǼСƹûʲôƽҰ̫ˣһοǣǳ˲¹ͷ
ƺ׿ӦȻҲܿƽҰ˿ûаģֲĴҲƽҰƣûΪǣԸúø
ƽҰؿǸлزǣļ򣺡ء
ߵƺǰ磬߰ɣ
ڣ׿Ӧٴ̧ѩȴƺס
Ц˵Уҵȥ
׿Ӧкγף˵ôã˭Ҳ˭к֣֪
ƺѰôõĴ𰸣ڹƽҰֻܸһˡ
Χ˹׷׳ֹ
ɵžһ壡
ȥ˾ͺٳˣ
Ҫ㲻ڣʲôˣ
һֱĬ飬˿Ҳ̧ͷԥʵƽҰ磬ڴˣֵܣҲףǱҪүģٰˣһԸôֵܼ䳳ֹ鳳֣ɴϹͷŽûиҹġ
ҷô󹦷򣬲֡ƽҰƺ¶һƻԵЦݣ֪Ǹ𰸣ȥС
ƺ飬صسһ£ãǶԼҪ֪Ĵ𰸡
ûɵػűоһ˫Լʮָۡ
׿Ӧ֣ؿһۣԹƽҰҺһȥ
ƺ붼û룺У
ƽҰô罺᣿µˣôŮ鳤ĺ𣿸磬ʲôʱҾսˣ
ôҪȥĵطսô׿ӦнЩӱֵ̫ºͣƺҲǸġ
ƽҰһЦȻǣǧѸȻúദ
ȻǣΪȥã
ƺһѽ׿Ӧ§ߵȥĵط֪ΣգȥҵģУ
Ҫô׿ӦЦЦ˵㲻Ϊ㵣ģƫҪΪ㵣ģ㲻˵ҲƲô
ƺµ˵ʵû취
ƽҰ⸱ȵģαװЦҲҲסˣˣʲôݣֲϷ̨ӡ׿ӦпһҸסͷܡ
缱еǰһҲ
һסҡҡͷ
ʿɶֹɣҵɲϣҲɱǣǱҶ֣ƽҰɫĮžˣ뿪Լȥ
Ҳ಻סŭƽҰ̫ˣ
ҵ£͸λģҲҸġ
ƽҰ˵ָ꣬ڡݡشһƬ̺󣬸֦ҡҷѸǰΪ׵ǵɽƺȳλ
ƺһЦһʸմ
ЦЦ񣺡ϴ
񡣡ƺͷƽҰȻˣ׼õǼΪ֡
ԽԽڳ˶ܵʪƽҰܿ񣺡˷ʱˣ߰ɡ
ƺתؿ˿ˣء
Ĩϵˮۣ
ϴߵƽҰǰҴߡ
Ŷˣһ¡ǣ
ƽҰ岻Զŵֱֱ֣³˹ָ
׿Ӧжپԣס֣
˶ǽǰ赲ãȻ̧ͷֻಡһƽҰϵŵ֧ţؿڣ
ү
ƺ׿ӦоˣϧѾֹȥǵȴƽҰֹ
ʲôÿģƽҰµطӣ䵭ˣ߰ɣ
ǵڵϣ޴۾Ļһү߱㱻ӿĴ缸˵סˡ
㻺תͷµ޾ߣǰò԰һƬֵҲƽ
ֵúܣûоʹҲûоźһظĸо
ڰǰ룬Ҳ㻹үĶɡ


167 ҹݺ
ƽҰƺ׿ӦߵķʽĲͬ
ƺΪ, ˻ǼʩչṦϳٱ۴ȥ˭֪ƽҰûƽء
Ǿ䡰߰ɡ˵꣬˺˼, Լһɵľ, ͬʱ֪ʲô, ǺʱȾ޴ᣡ
ԭЩһֱšᡱ
ƽҰùɽ״ᡱ, ᡱҲӦǾģߵýˣܿ, Ǽ洩һɫףᡱĶֱǶ׺󱳣ܸΪع̶ϣͲ̫ǿ״ѡ
Ǻɫ, ҲûͿᣬĿǰɫںҹĻԵΪۡ
Ҳûʲôֱ, ֻ˺󱳴µһĶͿʼȶ, ִͬʱϸİɫɢˮܿòӰ
׿Ӧвûע⵽Щ, ڻͷǴҡͷ, ֪ߺ޵ؿƽҰ
ƽҰ˿Ϊ, ֻǵЦЦƺ磬ƵġᡯΣǰҪԻˮֻȡһչѾȲ㿴ˡ
ƺЩȤƽҰҫƫҲЩòҡ
ҲǡƽҰЦȻҲҡܡϵͭϲ
̧ʾ⣬ߵƺ׿Ӧиǰһֻһӵһˡƺóһϵڡᡱ²࣬ٵһˡһֻһɫҪϡ
ƺӹӣ۹ƽҰвҪ˰а֣ɱᣡ
ƽҰ΢΢ףң׿ӵֵǮúܣҿɲҶ֡
׿ӦһԵؽӹ˺˵ݹӣԼϣƺĵذ飬ȷְϲŴĴ
ʲôû˵˵ʲôû塣
һо֮ƺԼǰĺϵġᡱȶøӾңתҲ죬Ȼ͸оһ˿ա
ܵ˫ץӣϵķԽͷŵĲҲʪ͸ˣ紵ϣȻ͸ģ˿Ҳѡ
ƺԶһǰδе̡
û취ֻֻ˻ӣҲ֪˿һ̬
ܡΡЦ
Ҳ˰ɣ
Դȷ˹ƽҰĿ֮ƺ޷ӱܣѰ֤ĹУؿھһϸܵ͵ܣʵۣ۵þˣ㳹ľˡ
֪ڸöԹƽҰ̬ȣȨڱҲ֪˼ΪҪԵĴ𰸸е־塣
˵Ĳȫԣ֪ԺͲˣΪ棬ܻһԵࡣ
ڶߺХȣѾʪ͸䵽ӲغƵһϣĵĿ־пʵֹط賤һֳ嶯Ҫ⿪ɾ
ƺоԼٴ׹ޱߺڰ֮ʣȻ䣬и
ֻǳͳڿķУִֻܴ翵ܿߵĸ쳹ƶˡ
ǰе
ƺʮֲ죬ƽΪ͵İУȻô˵棬ΪŸ裡
ס˺Էʲô
գԳ쳾粨˭ƣ
밲ѣп
Ķɽԣ̬龭࣬н˼
͵޵ңô
޳Ǵεĵͬ˴׿Ӧ㻳ɤʮöִ࣬һԼɳƣһȪһ㣬ƺͷЩ
ƺоԼǿűٱһεõٻˣø
֪·;жԶ׿ӦϢһֱţףֳһףƺѪԭϵȼŵҰ𣬱紵ţһһ
ƽҰñӣϴŷǰߣɵػͷȥ׿ӦС
괩ŵ˫ͷĲ洫ôķ磬ĸɢΧÿһ
ƽҰ׿Ӧеݣȴĳһ̣Ҳƻ
ˣçײ֪ȴϸ糾⣬ƮƮȻƷˣѹָΪġ
ΪƺȱʧһԸһǲˡ
ľһԡ
ɹƽҰԼмţЦߣΣƫҪԣ
ƺòԹƽҰȷһ̣ſ׿Ӧмͷʧʹޣ׿Ӧ֪ƽҰƺΨһˣƺֺγǣ
˺˲໥ȡĻʹǹƽҰƺʹ׶Ĵ̹ǣԽܵǣҪֽ̰.
Ѫذ.
׿ӦԼӵʱѾǳ˱ѵζѾ㹻˺ѷΣһоƽҰƺ֮ĸʤʦһʹ尾֪
ƺǿвһѺ
ұ̫ջϵѹ̫ãջ
֮ǹƽҰε̹ףⳡԻһ٣׿Ӧжţͷβҷɡ
ƽҰ˵ʲôûȥ٣עֻƺϣͻȻ¡
׿Ӧ֪ƺ־ᶨô̿򣬶ôΣ綼ܳȥ޼᲻ݵ°һģԸΪ˰ĳ֮ġ
ƽҰȷʵ̫˽еš
Űƺֱ񫣬ɱǣֱƺͷݺ̤һţ
·ڸƺػĶĲΪŬǶôЦ
һжֵá
׿ӦпΪƺۻˡ
ĺ磬֣֮һıǧٿףòЩָͷȴĵͷһ
ꡢ硢ҹգĻ֮£˾ľ˷һͷ׿ӦֻԼܽƺӵڻůһжõġ
Ҫأ
֮£׿ӦкȻһ
ǱΪ質ɡ
ܸο㣬Ըҹݺ
Һʲôʲӡᡱ˷ɲ죬ԴҲڱ綥Ų죬޼ɵس
ֻųЩûף֪ƺԶܲԼ
֮ʱƺĸԶ
˳ƽʱ˵вͬ׿ӦҲ΢һŷӦ˲ϲ⣡
ƺƽдԣ
ƽԭ·Զ
ЮعĲ͡
ϼ䣬ոǿⲻ衣
飬ӻΪۡ
׿ӦСƺ⼸ׯ¡
ϸϸһ飬׿Ӧкܿ㷴Ӧ뿪۸֮ʱڹɽ¹ڣǰеġ䡷
ʫ䳪ۻ뱯׳ȴҲܹġ׿Ӧбˡ
ĺ磬ԣٶѣҲ飡
Ҳ֪˶ãͷϵǸ˻˻ӣƺϽ䣬ء
ƺ質˻ƣɢ
ʱƺоŵ״˼ʵأǰ˼վȣһǺҲ䵽˵ϡ
ڿ԰ժ˰ɣƺ⿪ӣǵĽŲӦǹƽҰ
ȻƽҰȻԡ
һ˵ţһֽ⿪ϵƺ󾱵ᣬѲȡ
ƺĿ˲Զ׿ӦеϣȥΪĺһƿ
׿ӦﺬЦ⣬ɤҲƵģ硣
䲻䣿ƺͷϵĴƵӽ⿪һѽڻУо嶳ɪɪ۵Ҫô
ҲҺòȥ׿Ӧıֻֽ֣ţͼůԷ
ƺĶͷҹɫɵϣôģºȷ磿
볪㳪ˣô׿Ӧеᳪֻһװɣ
㳪ʲô֮գҾͻǼ䣬ԺѧƺָָһЩ֪ǵ
׿ӦЦü䣺ͯӹûˣ
Ѿͣˣ¶ҲƷôͣӵڶ˲Լͬжϣ˴Ӧĳɽ¡
ƺŹ˵ϻܣȻܱ߸ɽǷ·ȺɽƵɽ
ƽҰȥ˵ǣ磬߰ɡ
̬ʮƽͣȻƺժͷɵĲҲ㲻´
ϴǰ·˵󣬹ƽҰƺ׿Ӧмм䡣
˴ɽƽľдУԼٲˮǰӦʧΪһĿľɫֻڴ˿ҹȴԵЩɭɲ
ƺûжʣ׿Ӧнǣ֣ŻŲڹƽҰߡ
û߶ԶǱ㵽һأǰԶһٲٲ·һ̶
ƺǰͼϴ˴ʲôطϴͣ˽Ųȳд˼Ŀڣ֮ǰں췷תһޡ
Ƭ̺ɽΧҲпظϴߵļʹ˸ɫ
Ǽ˻⣬첽ߵһԣǴ鳤̦޺Ĵʯһ˺תλмһʯͷ
ƺϴǰһ죬ʲô޴Ļؿʼ
׿ӦѸٶһۣѭȥֻǴݵһԲε澹ᵯһ໬ȥ¶һԼһɿĶڣ
ƽҰͷƺ¶죬˸һ롱ƣ磬߰ɡ
ϴͷȥƺ׿Ӧһţһ߸ĽŲ
˶ڣһ˼۵ббǽÿȼһöͭÿһ䣬·Լһɣƺһһţϴͣ½ŲʱӦԼɵĵط
˿̼վĵطǰһ޴Ŀյأڳ˼֣ڹذڷһЩߣִֿʲôװء
̧ͷϿϷգм˼ݺύġÿһԼ߿Բ̣һȦǶŻͭ򣬻ɫĹǿ
ڲıʽĽݣұѶϣ俪һһҶĶ׷״ôӦйڶҵԶһЩģܿл˸¯ڡ
׿ӦпЩع֮󣬿ƺĶ䣬ʣ磬ǲǡ
ԣӦǰɽĵ׶˼ڳпաƺͷ۹ƽҰЦƽҰıѽһǰδɽһ飬ҲҲǲĵط
ƽҰǫЦЦҲδأͶҪͨ磬̴Ҫ̵ģ̵ֻҲñȽΣȷʵԷְˡ
ƺޱصͷϴϱŵġᡱͻȻȤָʵƽҰ鲻⿴ƣ
Ȼ⣬Ҫ㿴ģֻǡҪôƽҰϾҽ֮ǰûʵֵҲ˳ǰԴǰȥ͡
ЩȻ⡮ᡯһ·Ҳ뿴ߵڲ죬⣬˵ɡƺ𴽽ǣȴЦ⡣
ƽҰ¶Σðɡ
ߵϴ󣬰¶Էװšᡱķκӵ׶˵ĻɣǱµ¶߸ӵĳǶϵĻأصϣһһ߳߿ĻͭСС
ʵҪԭҵġᡯֻ࣬õǿֱǲο硶ͼ˵Сȥ뷨ˮתСһСƽҰ
һ˵ţһ߰ѻͭСеǴ򿪣ǸΪӵĻأҲǶһƽõͭĶ
ƺüǲˮ˲ŷôˮҪȼϣƽʱľװʲô
ƽҰЦȻͭͷװǻֵȼ֮ΪᡯṩĶܷʮء
׿Ӧֵ֣Щӡ
ƺǻֵһⶫյûʣô࣬˵Ƿٶʮأô
ƽҰЦݽϡ
Ƿɵò죬ӰҶԷжϣô˵򶫷ɵģ롭˵˴˫帽˵ұ̵̵Ƚβױ˷֣Ǳͨ޳󣿡ƺζؿҲµö𣿡
׿ӦпЦ룺ƽҰҲ̫͹ˣ˰ɣ
ƽҰǲȻس˳Цõ磬ƽͶЩûȤɱҲˣ´˻鷳ġ
ǾͲˡƺɫ
Ȼ̫ЩʲôسֵĶսķλжϾ黹еģ׻¸һһĸߣƽҰǳĴҫ֮ģǰûʲôһս֮Լȫͺˡ
ƽҰɨܣƺ磬˵ǰͷĴװ˻أ۸ĹɭϣȻҲҲÿҪдǬ׸͵ףһеĻ׶ըѣɽ䣬һӲȥϣΪ֮Լ鷳
ףƺζԽԽ߰ȷʵͣ㲢óЩ˭ģ
׿ӦҲ಻סһѾƽҰӣʦôˣ˵
лҪ˵
硶ͼ˵СȥйΡ
гǹغشүġĿʡ
صľǿͷùԭ䡷
˾ͷŷˡ


168 ط
׿ӦͻȻ, ϴͼеһʡ
ƺ׿Ӧ࣬ϴһ㶯ԡı顣
ƽҰƺˡᡱûǿж, Ӱͷѩ, ϴ֪ǹ, ԼδռˣҲֻǰڳ˸, δ붯֡
΢ؽƬ̡
׿ӣα˴³ƽҰԼӴקε, ҼȻȻʦż
ƺ֪׿ӦһֱӣҲʱ, ȥ˼Ұɡ
ƽҰЦЦ٩磬׿ӵʦ, ֲɣȥʲô
һ, û̡ƺҸҲ, ʲôõ˵, ˽¸ʲôù¡ȴȥʦȷİȫ
ƽҰлͲô
ƺ΢΢˫ۣüܻ, ҪȷʦİΣ
ƽҰ˿ʪ͸˵ȴȥѣٺ꽪ʰͣȥõ˼һΪҵ׿ӡ
أ׿ӦмҪʦ
ǺðɡƽҰϴǹȥٴҸȥס
ϴ֣
ƺǼ˵˽͵ʦ
ͻȻѾ߲ʹãȻƽҰƽҰ΢΢ס
ƺŤͷԹƽҰֵҵסģҪסһ𡣡
ƽҰǱų磬㲻Ҫ̫
аɣֵܣͷǰ·ƺһΪѵӣϴļ
ϴʣͷӪصһȥ
ƺס׿Ӧе֣˫ֱ΢΢§סļ磬ϾҪˣ˼롣
׿Ӧǿиӵͷ
ƺͷֻƽҰվԭĿǣޱŤͷϸµع۲⴦Ӫ
ſұҲࡪ߹հƵģǧҲתֻԼҲǡϴȥ࣬ͷȥұһ俪Ҷм򵥵ĴΣȨʹãӣ󲿷ֶˣĳһ۱ܿ塣
Ӫ֣һһǾס
ֵܣ鷳һ䣬Ҳסôƺ·лҳƵʵ
ϴ֮ǰʱûô䣬ʵϳɴЦԼϳȽϷɣƺδУЦ滢ͻȻ¡
Ҳ֪ѽϴ޹˵û
쵹ͦΣѹƽҰĸƺа롣
ֵϴһһûл㣬硭
ϴĻһЦѾл˰Թ
ƺ
ðɣ·ͨ㻻˸⣺ֳƽҰҲǹŵĵôŲ񣬹ŵƺᵥУǹϡɣ㵹Ǹһһĸ֡
Դ˳һ˵ʲôϴʮ̹ʡ
̹ʵǧˡ
һƺҭ˵ͷؼʱ
ƳԱ׿Ӧһۣ⣬ƺûע⵽ԼԱ˿
ϴߵһ俪ĽݣͷԼ˵㣬ҶСߡ
ƺСûлҪǲСĲȿն䣬㽫׿ӦƵڲ࣬Լࡣ
±ҶڵĲãҲͬС죬ǸЩסġ
ƺģҪ̽ףϴǰʲôģƽҰʶģ
²çҵùع˼ΪعЧϴ˹𰸲֪Ƿ⣿
ƺҲֱԲ䣺˵˵û˵Ȼ⡣
ϴǰͷƮţֲӣҲǰ
˽ḻȻǺġ
ƺٶʲôˣ˿ﻳǧٸʺͼΪӵϵĻ첻ҲαװһȥѾĴ׿ӦϾҪӣ֪ʲôôԷĺܡ
ϴ˼ͣס˽ţ°ǰǴҶһָˡ
׿Ӧûƺ֣С
׿ӦлǶȻλ˫۴ãͻȻ۽űһӰĽţͻȻӦƺ֣󲽳嵽ǰߵҶ⴦ⴹĲӣդʱðɡ
ʦʦң׿Ӧме̫ڣûӰתͷ׺ݵصϴդĵá죬쿪ţ
ϴεûͳɡ
ĸζ𼱡ƺդ⣬ϽŴ򿪣׿Ӧнȥ
ҶûеȼһƬڣ׿Ӧǿϳ̵λã̽ȴֲҹȥӰдһϵ𣿡
׿Ӧеԭأʦʦ㣿
ƺվͷϴһۣô°ûС
ϴĬ߽ûӵǽϵ̨ɢӵҲֳ׿Ӧһۡ
ӷɢңͷ˴룬ֻһǿͷסͷһֽģе̫̫üաϵɫǻɫѱϣ֮ãؤ
ʮͷڻ谵ȴԵϹݺᣬʮ̣Ƽݣͣ˿һϰ֮ˡ
ƺϸϸ۲ӵݣ׿ӦУʱ׼ס˰Σ˹ȥ
׿ӦԴӾϴμ¼֮Ȼ˼
ڹ̫ǷݣݲϣֿಡʵԼӡǸʦȥԶ
ģǸ˶
ӿ˼ٶȿڣż²ϲΪʦˣ
׿Ӧ᲻ܿƵʵʣǡ˵ҴԷߵʱ򣬵һ仰˵ʲô
СӡǿȿȿһͨͿȣð˳żǵõʱ˵ʲôǼǰСɤӺ˳ǣ˭֪ȥһ䶼ҳ
׿Ӧ⻰޹˼ɣ˵̱߹£޵ʦͽТͽˣ
ƺûϵƾһ仰׿Ӧб϶αûüסಽظ˹ȥ֣־ò̫ʴ˼ʦͽؾֻۣվһߡ
˵ʲôʲôˣû̧׿ӦеķüӴˣȫġ˵ͦڰǴ󣬸ҼٰʵСݵģһ·ϳԿ𣿡
׿ӦҪ˵ûУӻǵ۾ƳƺһۣԴ𣺡ҿԿҲޣλ۵ϧأŵɣ
ƺڨڨ°ͣ񣺡ʦãƺʦ񡣡
һ˵ﻹһ߰ĥʦ˵һΪϲ𣬺ٺ٣Ƕθڡ
۾һɣ˭׼ʦˣ治ҪСҶƭߣûŶ
ƺ
û㣬ءƭߵġ
⻰׿ӦеứֱеһݲɢʦȻ۰Լģƽʲô˵ʲôУ
Ҷ⴫ϸĽŲƺͷһ˶뽪Ͻ˹һ룬ױƵ͵ǰʦȵ㽪ⶴֳģҺͰкһͳɡ
ƲƲ죺ҿƨҹȽϻΣȰɣˮģƵġ
ƺƨĵϣֻð˸׿ӦУίͰͣС
׿ӦгĻϲУûעԼҺ类ʦһһ䣬ǿƻȥȺȣֱء
ҡͷд
ƺΣѽһСϣԼһһҲʦͽˣġ
׿ӦͷͷĵӣȻͷȥ㡣
ʦͽط꣬ƺȻ˵ģֲ֮࣬Щûû䡣
߳ҶڣƵضԵǶϴȥסɡ
ϴءšһǰߣƺĪﲻԣ̧ͷͣضЦ
ƺˣ󱳻˻ȭͷĹͷ
ϴѾоȭ磬ͷҲصӣǨŭˣǾΪ
ƺٴҭ
˵ˣԽ˵Խѿ
ƽҰŵġ䡱ǴԶֻ˼ҶλұڵתǴ
˴ǳǽڶװ̨âյн䣬ռǼҪҾ߲ҲΪ
һǿĴ̣һǷż׸ɾƺòҴů⣻һƽõԲգźڴ˴Եùڻһһ磬ƺȥ̽ͷһԡͰѾ׼ˣ߻аͰˮʱð̶ˮԡͰﵹ
ͷǸģһߵˮһʣϲˮ¸һ㻹ǵһ㣿
ƺپΣɻͷһϴ
ڶڣ˫ۣЦùǷ᣺ĺãҪⳤģͱ
ƺһѹб˹Ļ𣬶Եˮ˵ˣˮԼ߰ɡ
ԷºͷС鲽߳ȥ
ϴƺɫƵسԼվֱӣƵô˵òԣ
Ϊһ£ķϻδ̫˵㡣ƺƽҰǺãû֮֮Ҳû⣿ǶĹȴһ³ͬΪĺ
ϴüĵ˼Ľһ£ҲʵʡⱲĵʱѵһô
ƺŵؿô֪Ը
ӷ㣬֪֣֮Ҫңڴ¥ͷСĻϴЦеƺļ򣬡Ųڳ̣ھˡˣһĺá
˵ﳤȥƺıӰһθ
Ƿӣ
ƺԭ׿Ӧݸˮ裬ܷ纮ʦͽһ棬һʱҲ𲻿ǾˣˮҵȣԡͰ
Уеƣϯ⼸ԭûô˯ȻԾ£סľټϴ˴аȫɷ˾裬ţͿͰ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãƺоֻŲԼϲΪ׿Ӧйˣסֻ֣˫ػС
ֻסĲһ˫Ĵƺľ䣬ʱһ飬ܽ˳ȥ
ƽҰʲôƺŭæһקΧ䣬Ÿվ
ֵֻʱѾЩԣշӦͱˣһƤ
ƽҰѾһɾ·Ҳԡģϴһ趹ƺӦ˼ңεЦЦԳαôɵҡ
ƺϻָſŭ
̫ˣҲ۵ùǺ̽㣬㻹иҪҡƽҰ⣬ǶȥϢ
߳ںƺջؽǴ걳Ĳݺһӣһƨϣ˫ϥǣָסɢҵͷؿھš
ֻһ㣬ͿƲסѹƽҰһ١
ʼղףúõĺӣôͳأ
˱ˣ˻㾡ԡ֪ͨѹ붼붨Ȼǿ˼꣬ɡƽҰµ֣
µ֣پ˻ȪԼкĿ常
ƺ˼ţϸĽŲһ̧ͷȻ׿ӦС
ԭ׿ӦϵЦ¹⣬սƺ˲ɢ˴Ƭ콫ơ
ƺ۽üҲزסЦ֪ӽ̸Ľ⣬ֵôһ
ղ侲Ƭ̣ƺѾжϳԼ˯˶һյʱ䣬ԡͰˮû͸
ţʦҪϢ׿Ӧߵǰס֣Ұ̬ļ򣬡ģôôҲ·ϣ
ƺ𷽲ŵ£ʱίס׿Ӧе๫Ҳ㱻ᱡˣ
İ˼·ֻ׽Ц˵ڡ
׿ӦһƽҰôˣ
Ҳӡƺˡ
Ҹɾ׿ӦңĲ˵ϣɴʹһȦ
ƺ˻һֹصģô
׿Ӧеͷ۽ǣ
ĶڣܹȥѵԡͰǰߵһۣᵽչ˸ʵʵȻһ߽һƺϣذѿ챻ɵһӣ˫ֻסƺĲӡ
ƺ״§ס͵ЦЩʲô
ҲҪ׿Ӧҧ촽Ū㡣


169 
˵, ׿ӦɵѾ̽ƺУӯػУ˱
Ǽ죬㹻, Ҳ뾡ȡöԷ
ƺѾо˿̵Ķϲ, Ҳ׾ò, ʩΪ
ʵϣ׿Ӧиʲô, ֻ˫۾ζؿһ㹻ǧѪСԡ
ֱоСþֻԼȥʱ, ƺŽӹȨִǱôֱҰ
ǵѷ֣˺һƺɿ׿Ӧ, ΢ˡٵˡ
׿ӦȴִչĶĥˣһô
˵, ղôƺ˵޹, һ˫ȴô£˹ء
վ㾡ˡ׿Ӧĺᡣ
ƺͣסС
ҽܸ, ܲˡ׿Ӧؿβ΢΢ź, ᴭǶҪ, ܰͷųô
ЩٻͨС
ƺĵֵùĹƻһᣬ׿ӦվϨǽϵ̨΢оֱ˴
ȻǾͷƹסˣ٩㡣
׿Ӧп̲סԳԵЦĪҪСҡǧôοԼȻϵ
Ψ
Ҷڴޣ˵ü߾¡
ʱʤ
ƽҰԼסĶڣһֱŶ棬׿ӦнƺסŵסǴϨ⣬յ䣬ҲڱסֳһĨˡ
Ա׼Ϊڵϴ˿ٶ䣬εοôĥԼΪβֿƺ˿ɲʵʤ
òװŪʱټŭƽҰɣ̸£˵öʧǸʹô
ƺ׿Ӧжһ󺹣ӵžҴϢһƽ
Уóĺܸˣʦ˵ʲôˣƺḧ⻬ļʵ
׿Ӧа۾Ľë΢΢ץ˵أȷʵûôŰֻǴ˴ܲ⣬Ҳûչ֮ʪͣǰβ㲶ˣ֮ӳȥҪΪúõ塣
ΪλҪҵҵûдˡ
ɴү˵岻á
ƺЦһһõô˵òã㲻
׿ӦУ
ڰҫʲô
⣬úúһųɣ׿Ӧмûʦָ֣ƻֵʦûӦʲôûɣֵҲãҲãǹƽҰԼƵġ
ƺ΢΢üǰǲ֪ЩҲоˣҲӡеǸˡⷽӦǲʦö࣬˷ҲвʦģҲ˺㡣
ţȻ¡׿ӦͷϸָĦţƶϳ˴˫壬׼ô
ƽҰɫҾоų׼ͷ
ǸδѶϢˣϻѰӰĴʯôƽҰǵǷģһûûжС
ƺߡһôȻ޿֡ҿѰӰָҴܣ˴ȻųƽҰֽţӰѰӰЧҲƾѰӰҵǣ⸽ҲֻܱŵȦӡƽҰαװ֪ʵ̫ѷ֣㲻Ҳᱻץ
ǽǸô׿ӦеƽҰץӦıҵǸȰˣʵڲȰδ㣿
ƺƽõٶȱøӡ
һһɣȿôüߣҲ֪⹷סס䱸Ĺǿ˵гѨҵð⴦Ƕʲôж֣ɶΣڳôһطضϸıҺͿʼж˵ڿĽһЩܵơҪƽҰ˵Щ̽ź⴫ѶϢȥ󺫷
׵ĻƽҰ˵ǰô
ƽҰ·ҲǴƸ֮ĵģ̫ˣҲһ裬˾ʦȥЩǵҲñסС
ƺָⴥ׿Ӧк󱳵˰̣һ£˶٣ŵܽһƽҰһ½߹ףֻܿл᷸
׿Ӧ°ͣȫҪԼ
ţġ
ƽҰ͹ߡ׿Ӧ̽ʣģӦĳҰɣ֪ǷҲڴ˴
ƺͻȻһͣҹУ׿Ӧпɫжѿ
ͣƬ̲ŵҾáƽҰ֪˭
յףкܲõ룬ȷƽҰһ̻Ҫ⣬Ҳ׿Ӧж˵⣬ǵˣȲ˵ȥˮϴһϴ˯ɣҲ֪ʱΣˡ
ﻹź򣿡׿Ӧ˼ҲٶʣЦǵԼְɡ
ƺ첻ߵĸԸҪүģǸҲź򣡡
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ƽҰϴ˶ǼǵҲ췦Ϊƺ׿Ӧеȥﶼ˿ʯͷԭػ˺һŰǵʬ磬ɽһطᡣ
ǣ˶֪úȥδӣɽ仹ϸ꣬ҹĻͬһڴֵ˴
ǹķذһᣬ֮󡭡ô찡Լƣĺû뵽ƽҰô֣һǻܣһȥƽҰ֪Ҫôĥ̿ᷨҲˣ⺢øˡ
ֽ룬ҲǴģסһагأһ޵С
Դƺ뿪һֱûﷴĥģǹƽҰ˵Ǿ仰
ĿϸϸۣܽһǸƽҰ飬˵Ļɾţһ棬޷ܣƽˣԼǻĵǸͷβƭӣ
ĵģƺ̬ȡ
ҪνͣԼûлҲδصκ£
˽ֵܷ壡
磬Ǹô죿鿴˿뾡ȥ̽ʵ
֤ǶӣδҪǡ
̾ӪܹƽҰв֮⣬ӦҪ̽ϳʵǱǣű̫ˣ˷̫ʱ䣬ƽҰ¶ĿʵǼ£Ժ˭ҲٲҴšĵ㣬취鵽ݳʱϡ
ǻسôòףôܼʱͷ
Ȼǲеģǿ϶ƬɽΧѲߣϣܷ˿
ʹͷɣ⼸ɽҲҪҵǣ
ȴһ磬ǡô
飬ҲģǴڼɡ̹ϵһ˵һǲܱȥҲܱȥҶиԵжϣƽҰ֮ǰ˵ȷʵģɣǲܲ
ҡļʹĵСӣŮĻôôԳ
֣飬Ȼ쵶ն飬Լú롣Ҳֶ̫ߣڶû¶Ȼ鲻ῴ
˵ѵ˵˾ȴܡ
˵ԼǸɱ˫۵ĺͿƵģ
ҧҧһϴҺȣ
Уǲǲ㣬ֻǲļ򣬡ˣȻس
صСԺʱ̫Ѿϸˡ
зѹ˳꣬ľʮ룬׿һУ˯һ˯һһЩ
һƿţ㿴Цӭһ·ϸԼ֯αװЩ˲ȫ飬ϼⲻȻضһ
๫ˣƺûв죬ס֣·ĵѽô·ôôȥĶˣ
𷽲Žǣڵ涼Ǹģûĺۼֻ֪ɽ꣬Ϊ˲˵࣬סֻ֣û£ҹ·¶ˮ˵㡣
컻Сתȥ·˳ʵôʲôôԱ˿ȥ˯һöˡ
鱻ĹĺůѬۿᣬһ˲־ԼǿˣȻỳ
ӣļңôֻƾһ˵һ仰ͻԼ׽ˣ
˸ɾվԭأ·ûѣЦˣôҪҰ㻻ãΪź๫¡
⿪ҪȥµĴӣȴԷס֣һק
ϳģȴøҲȥˣôˣγŲ˳
鱧°ʹϣۿת𿴲ֻЩţ̫˳
ǡ𣿡ĺ󱳡
㻹ǵԹĹƽҰô
˰ǵãôˣ
ˡ
ˣ黳ѣؿô
ĬؿŵѲźۼ¡ɣֻǡôľ뵡ͱˣ¶һ˿ߡ
ǰǰʶǸƽҰ磬Ѿˣһȫİˡ
гԾڱˣַܿӦƺԼ˲ʵ⣬ĦֱۣҲ̫ͻȻˣһİɡ
ǰĺġƺȥ˵ԼԹƽҰĻʱʹ飬ͻȻͬܡ
ٶȿοܸ๫ҲҪڰ
ѹҲû¶Ļң̹ȻӭĿ⣬ƽҰ˽ûκιϵ
һֱŵģ˻ȥ
崫ݹ£˵ͷţһġҲҪ뿪Һ𣿡
Ҫҡ
㣬˵ʲôɵ𱧽šӲȣҲߵġ
΢΢һɲЦݣţҪһһһһѺӣÿ춼ֵģҲùµ
˭Ҫӡߵͨ죬ᴷ˴ؿڡ
ôҪô죿°ͣһǣҪһƯɰŮֶˡ
߳һ㵹ļʲô֣
Ůͽ£Ϊɵһμʱϴ˼µӣʱҾͼסˡ
Ƕأ˳Цú
룬СơΣ֣ûг˼ʫһ䡮һϣʫ鵽Һϲú
ͷţ㡣
Ӧˣͷˮ¶΢Ц
ߺûӱĿ⣬ЦģΪӵı֣ô᲻Ӧ
ھҪ
ὫʼδѽһסĲӣȫƾ๫
лҪ˵
Ψŷޡ̡
ü׾סС
һɫ
һϣʫ鵽ʶһ


170 ͼֽ
׿Ӧʱ, ƺѾԣԺؿͷҶʶԼںδʱһ, 
ˣƺǡö̽, ͷࡢһ̽ţһ뼦, ɢҺҸϵüʱ
Դһ, ƺÿһ۱ϣܿ׿ӦУǿյġ
Ƽ, 㾡׿Ӧ˯ʱҲܿԼߡ
׿Ӧ˿˯ۣұϻԾȼ, ʵʲôʱˣ
ͷ֪ʲôʱƽҰҲ, ´ëƺ̣ˮ˲, 
׿ӦкԼ谮Ҳƾܣƾꡣ
ƺ˫΢΢Щ, ˣͷȥ, һ£žͱƿ
ûء
, 
ϱŵİѾȫʪ͸ڹƽҰΪƺ¼׻ϴѣ׿ӦдһۣЩһգһգǧ۷ֱ
׿Ӧд˴Ķǣɫȫ¶ǧ
ֻɫƺٺЦ
߳Է׿Ӧб߳ʣҪүôô³ˣ
Լİȫƺ˼Ƭţҳˣû⣬Ե㣬첹һʦˡ
żûԵˣ׿ӦæŴãҲ֪ʦû
ˣѾѷȥˣ꣬ȥ밲
ͷʱƺδӶ̸ཻ첻µز¡ʵ϶ӶȻδһľηʦֻ㷲غʦѲ̷±ˡ
Թ׿Ӧķˣζ嵭²ӦҲƫһڣҲƫ嵭֪ԷǷ⣬Լƨĵϡ
˳Թ緹ȥ밲ʱСϱͷ׿ӦӵҶ
ϵʿбڴͷһ֪ǩ׿ӦһǱɨþⷹͲ˵֪ⷹʦۡ
ʦͽ밲ҹ˯Ƿ񰲺ã׿ӦйһЦӹ֡
ƺҲϽ
Ӱǩ۵Աһӣܺô˵ǰ컰ɤۡ
ȥݸ޺Σƺȵʡ
СҶȥ¡Ƥһۣл˵
׿ӦƺĶǶ޺ô޺ô
ⴥƺðûԼȥʡ£ô˵лҪ˵ֻһһش׿Ӧе⡣
׿Ӧеͷáʦȥȥ
ƺӰϴƽҰǴ
֪
ƺĵĿ׿Ӧ뿪˺һŷǰü˳ʵʦҪ˵ʲô
Цһװǳ⣬⸱ϥģǼСҶôϲ㣬ҪҰԧ죬϶ҼСײƢһƢ͸ʮ²ңֻ˵ģҿܲˡ
ƺ⻰ֱĻŭţһѹסĵ֮ɫЦʵʦô˵ѽ
׻ôﲻ˵㻹βͣӸյ˵⺢ƽģһ⼸£ÿʶˣ˸䣬˶ƽã滯ˡ
ƺаϲװʵҵĹͣǰбȣֻж·˶ѡ
㹻εˣôж·ҵͽԼ˽⣬ϻ
ǵģбͺܺãˣ˿鱦
ƺֻҸ̣ҸӶ졣
ŵù㣬ҪӴӴͳһŰײӸƺ㡣
ƺӹײһ˺Ĳϣչһϱ̿ػһͼΣϸۣʱͫǡ˴ڲͼ
ϵＸ£ҲûϹ˷ʱ䡣ȻƽҰҪ¯䷽ûиΪܹһ㣬ҰλҩķӣҲģʽظһЩ顪¶ûСҶᣬܽܣɣ
ܣʦƽҰҲҵ취ǾͲɾ衣ƺϿҵΪӦ䡣
Цϼһӣ˵öԣҪҲùˡƽҰ֮ɻһǿŹߵӣңҰ֮ǰæͻҲżңСҶץҲǵͼذʱõ
ƽҰҪ׼жˣƺɫһݣ˵ĻѾòô
ͷԣҲ֪͹߾嶼ıʲôһҪȥزһС¡ľСҶ¸˵˵˵ص⣬ҲףΪ˰ʡʱŰͼ㡣ֻϧƽҰĺǿÿֻܽ̽ÿ̽࣬ͼֽĿǰȫʣµĻԼȥ顣
ѾҺܶˣƺͼֽݺύػ˼ڡҪؿڵأұ̵򶼱˳ֻӲ˽ɽƣԲЩ̵ͨδ
ûͼƺɱֻûͷӬһײʱһϻǾ鷳ˣֻҪ⸱ͼһһȵ㣬ܺܿ콫⴦ص͸ܹʡʱ䡣
ƽҰѾƴƺԼûʱ飬ҪһУҰ鱨ȥ
ƽҰû͸¶ʲôʱ£ƺʵǻжʱ䣿ֲϣô
ӿЦҲֻǸ²ô˵ôࣿʵϣƽҰҡҲ֪δɺģԣֻǹĺ֮һ
ˣˣƽҰǹߣôƽҰ˵ǹߵġԼˡ
ɡеڶֵ׼Լо׾ܿⷽʮ衪˵ڱɽ飬ǴɽըˡһЩʵֻʺϸоġᡯ֮Сṩܣ˵ɱЩӵ
ƺ̾˿常ְھУڻӪҲвٺѣټϳ⣬Ȩ޷ģƽҰҲǴѧЩֻϧǰεúܺãһֱ֪Що
֪֪治֪İϵʿ̾
ʦðһ䣬֮䣬Ĺϵ
㵹˼ܣСҶûЩЦؿƺôң
ƺæңһý
ЦݣĬƬ̲ŵȷʵǶɵ̽ӡǶʮǰˣǣʱϣȻǵˡһΣˣһεɽ䣬ʦҾȻȥġĹ۵֣δֱǶˣҲʹֻǾľҾȻʹȥ
Եһ⣬Ҳȥʲô̽ӣұͲܳɴҵȱֳ֮ġҾڹסʦСͬ˺óֿҲûгԣǶⵤȤΪԭǸʿϲŪʯľ̿Щû뵽һȥ˵ãҲٴùҵҡ
ڶʱͬһʦѵͬţôȥΪѾˣҲû׷ҵ䡣ҰĹը˵Ǽ¶̫Ľȴ˾ҡǡƽҰıҪΪЧҲҵĹͣҡٹ
ʵ˵ڶûʲôˣҶҲڴӵҪһУǾɣضȥ˲ʶ壬ΨһŵжرҵʦǴˣҲܴѧ˱£Ըף˵Լʦۿ΢΢죬죬׺̣ҵĵߡ
ƺæʦⷬҾͷˡҶӽ̽ϣܾ콫Ͱͳȥ
Ӱ˰֣¹ңȰСҶȳȥҪߺ͹ƽҰҲ̫ãٲܸŪʵʵĶǶвҡ
ΪףһߣȻ뿪ƺϿҵؼʱ̾Ͷˣ˭˭Ҷû
һЦˣ㰡˵ƯԼɵȰ⻰סˡ
ƺͷǵȻһҪгأʱݸĸ˼ҪˣΪʲô֧ߣ˵¶
Ҳǲ֪⺢е㶣嶯Ȼ¶ס
ƺסЦˣ㶣ЩӺöˣɳܿ죬Ŷܺϸ񡣡
ӵǣҵСҶҪû̯Ϻøĸʦ˵Ҳ⺢ӣ䣬˿ۣ˭һ֣ܻ˼ʮ֡Ȼ϶㣬ȻأҪǸҸҰƤ
ʦģһ԰һһ⣬˵ҾվҾʲôģƺĵˣ
׿Ӧжݺõ޺ϣ⻰ӵ棬Щ˲ˣ˭Ҫļң
ҸƺЦײײļ򣬡Ժӣ¶žС
ûͦࡣ׿ӦЦ˱ʦ͹ȥ

ƺŲ豭͵ǰʦȲ衣
ӸоڽŮ裬ζӳ£ʲôû˵ֻǺһ
ʦ˼£ûмһµˣݵλӦøƽҰ͹߲ࡣ
ӴĲ裺⵹ǲߵ涼ټƽҰҲֻż֣ҼǸϵĵǶһЩôǻͬ
֪ӦһˡƺҲЩɻ󣬡Ѳɡ
ӣҼ롣ϴͻȻҶ𣬴˹Ȼɲ⣬ƺûвĽŲ
ƺŰײУӹ֣ʦȥ̽̽
ӵ˵ͷ׿ӦҲʦ뺺ͬȥ
ϴƮ˽ֻӡ
׿Ӧвĵؿ˿ƺ
û¶Уʦɡƺļ򣬡ȥȥ
ƽҰһƺջ˼ɫڱߵ£ͷϹźɫԵʮأɫҲ࣬ǰǸ㲵ģྶͥ
ƺ߹Ц磬簲
ʲô̫˭֪ʲôʱƺ´һأʲô氡ڣ
ϴüô˵أ
޷ƽҰԾЦⰻȻƺȫӰ졣
ƺ⸱Ӿ͸о죬Цصûġ
ƽҰӻͳһĴԲУݸƺ˸ʱ
ƺش򿪣ⶫøѰӰͷǸԲ̣мҲָ룬ָֻĲǷ򣬶ָԲΧһȦ֣Щдľӳîʱıǡ
㻹ǵ𣿵ǰҲйƵ뷨ЩҧһһȵٶתתȦһʱ˴ӵ£ȷʵʱ䣬ұ˸δ׼ȷԲοšҸȡС
˿ָָڡȡ롰硱֮䣬ʱˡ
УҿĻ졣ƺƲƲ죬з뻳У㵹ʵ常ĺܶ뷨
ʱ±ȲҵҲֻǾܰǰĶˡƽҰǫ
ƺߡ㱾¿ɲСԷƱˣ˵ʲô
ȥתתƽҰϴʹ˸ɫϴͷתȥ
ƺϴıӰƽҰţλֵܵʲôأ
ڣ־ȤͶˡƽҰ
ʲô־Ȥһ裿
ƽҰ˹ǣ磬˵Цˡ
û˵ЦңΪʲôҪɱǣƺʼն¹ڻ
˵ʱȥҶʴˡ
ƺ
ϴǻ˵ļһҲǷ赽һȥˣ
ŭץסƽҰֱۣʲôʸ˵
ƽҰ˼Ȥ£ֿЦˣֲǱˣҵˡ
ҲˣƺѹҲ㱥ʥ飬ʲôʱôһ
лҪ˵
ףҶ簲ڿ䣡


171 Һ
ƽҰһָƺץֻ, ƺɿ
˱ͷָӣڻôӵ˵ˣȻɸߵⱾеĹ򡣡ƽҰ, , , ҲΪ
ƺʲôΰҵһˣôҲǸӵ˰ɣ
, ֪»治ôҡƽҰһֱ΢ЦֳһĨˣҡҴûҪˣ, ֻǲôôԹߣ
±Ҳ˵㣬Ҳֻ˽ﰲţ͸¶̫̫ȷ, һ²ţ, ܻ
ƺ⻰뵽˹, ĵƽҰʵ߻ĳ֮໥ƺ⣬ȷʵ
Ȼ, Ϊ֮㲻϶̹ףȲ˵, ƴ¶Ҳµìܵİ㣿ʲôϷ
ƽҰ, Ƭ̧̺ͷۿ΢΢ź죺磬ȷʵìܣ㣬֪ںҲǸҪչ˵СܣһΪҵ𣻲Ҹ㣬ǶķӦûаգ֪˻᲻ҡں췷Ȧ׽Ū㣬Ϊһǰãȥһ᲻㡭
˵Уƺֶš
ֻ᲻Լαں췷ʮ
ֳĶȫΪ
ƺҲףƽҰôȦӣǽԼ˿˵δǼ٣ֻѾħ˶ѣʤȯգбɱﵣֻǡʱó
Դƽεؽ˹ƽҰѾ˵ʵƺҲָǰز¶ģϾƽҰҲǸˣҪƭҲܲס
ԹƽҰϷûʲôӦת˻⣺㣬ȻܽϴȸӣΪβŪɰƫù߶ôȦӣ
ƽҰƺӣʾԼߣˣϴǶӣֻǰɻһӣҵǴһˣȳҲûŪɰ·ӣֻùԼȥ㡪ԼԼΪǮǴү
ƺ룬СǱŸʹأ
ϴȥ㣬ҲԼӳĸԸǹ죬ֻΪ̽ǴʵƽҰԳ ʵҶһ˰ɣ
ƺûнĻ˼ʵȻ֪ڴȸǾ͸ΪΪңԲԣƽҰٽ身֮꼷ŵ˭˵ҪҼΪγٳٲ
ѾߵνҵҶߣųĻͭ͸դƺܿͷͣżսߴ£һȦܣÿ϶ЩΪĿ
ƺܾùֵֹģǱʼңûҪЩڵĶƽҰΪʲôôࣿѲǹҪģ
ƽҰƺֹסЦҲûһܸˡȲιһĳɹ
ƺͳȥ뵽ĳҶԼ£δؼҾ͸ˡ
а⣺ƽҰôеаԣòǵʲô񯲡ɣоȫԼĻþ֪ĳҼðдŸ꼣Ϊֹ׷ȥôҪңĳҺɱˣҪѳų֮˼
ƽҰƿդţЦƺ磬롣
ƺҶǼս常ƵƤսˣ
ϸϸţս޴ƤӣԼ߸ĳ߿һɳӶǾƣԣÿԼһ߿ӷֱƺתƶǰ
ţģͣҵ벻̫һ¡ƽҰԴʯҾòףһսλҲǿųӰʯЧս͵ڷˡҾԾſɿ
սϲһСţΪƺܣװʿһжСӡ˾ǰˣýŲȶطԳֽṹתǰߡԽ߲ݻ
ָôܱտռû北Σգƺü
ƽҰЦЦ䱸ҲҸģܰȫңȻҪʿսսҲ˼ӹ̣ͨ若򲻴塣
ƺָָϵΪʲô
һΪ˷ǽӰǰʱ£ɽҲƽء
Ｘսʲô𣿡
һʵͨսֻڶͣװ˻ڣͷװҵףɱ󡣡ƽҰ˵ܷãˮˮ׷֪ǳӯֻצܹԽǽΪá
˵գƺ²ʣ磬ΣȱᵽĻطɳ֭Ҳɣ
ƺһڵս죬ͱЩľͷǿࡣЩ˼ҲõϾͺˡ
õ佱ĹƽҰǿģǾۣƺȥΧϰڵЩС
ƺʱʱƽҰ˵üɫ裬ǿġ
֮ƺͻȻʵЩΪȥɱʵۣô˳ȥŪǣ˵ʵǰЩǶˡ
ȻЩˣôɵƽҰĵ
£ƺʵֻҪɱϻʵۣͼ
ƽҰЦˣһͼʲôѲȥǻλҪȤҿŰ㡣
˵ִ治ĻƺѵԼ˭Ķô
ΪǵøôģҲžЩ磬㲻֪ɣǱʵۺģ
ƺһʱƽҰѾΪѲ֮ɽδ£ȷʵ֪滹ʲô顣
굽׷ʲôʵ
ƽҰߵһսߣĦűƤˮҵ־ȤͶɣĶ֮һóִ㷢ֿܷСżԶ֪Ҳ֪ôʹ˳֮ϣùʵۺǰ֪ˡ
Сżʮֺ棬Ҫۣʵ۱㴫˿ͣҵµģͰ档ʹ֮ʱҵսΪɱżֻ
ʵǱߴߵý۸ȥҲҪʱ䣬ֻܳҹݼӽơСżͷ󣬵ȫؽڶᶯҪĳֻΪɣ֮ǧ㲻ԽյװҪɡʱѾҰ࣬󸹱㣬ʳطͣʵһĥ
Сżһɣ㽻˵ȴյؿһɣ̾εˣ̥˵͹ȣ̥λѲһһҹȲҵңľ۸ĴҲ췦ңΪһȱסѪ׹֮ʱŷҽΣм
ƽҰ˵˵ţۣƺ⣺磬ΪһСżûΪ˸źͣҵƳȥӣΪ׳ȴøѣһڣǱʵôܲޣôܲ𣿣
ƺ꣬Ǳ⡣
ƽҰû滰˵һжΪʵԼĿģǶ֮Ӧѡ
żһ£ʵۻ֪飬ҲǹΪݽ棬ֻĸȷʵҲͷϡ
常ʵ۶ȴؿƿΪ׸Ϳأȴ³ĳޣԼϣƺ¡
ҵ常ô׽Ҳδ£常Ҳû˵ҡʵڲ֪ƺߵƽҰߣסļͷƽҰҲ˵㣬Բ𡣡
ƽҰЦҪԼų⣬ֻ֣θɣǸ
ʲôʱ֪ģ
úϣû˸Ҹ˵ֱұ͵һգĸ˼ŮУŽ¸ҡʱҲףΪʲôҵֻϵһǧǧǲȥǹʵۣҲ֪ΪʲôЩ꣬游ĸҵһֱΪǺҵΪɱŮ
ҵôãﲻʹôһҡֺͷֵõʲôƽҰҲ̲ס磬㻹дôǷô
ƺþעŹƽҰ˫ۣ֪˵ʲôŶԣƬ̺Է뻳Уǧ仰ںַֻʽе
ƽҰǱ˺һңıض㱨ѩޡƣ̾˿ɡǻʵ۰ҡҲܡ
ƽҰ͵ƿ˫Ŀ˵㲻ңǻʵôɱ㶼Ҳһʵۺȫ㵹ҲҪƽϣѵìܣ
ǣҲǸ˼ƺεʵ۲ͨˣɱؽöһСȨֻܺǴ׵İգ⡭̫ˣ
ƽҰһֻŭСޣΣյʹʹҵʹͲʹôƾʲôҪΪ˲ɵˣʹ࣬𶼲ܱ
ѵһ˵ͲҪ
ʣƺ޴ӻش𣬾񲻾֮ǰ׿ӦзԵ˹ʦүʱǸһ
һҪҪ
ΣͷҶѡȥȶ
˶ͬİ취δǶԵİ취ʱȴΨһİ취
ȻǱˣֺιأ
ΪӦ
ƺôƽҰ˵̫ˡ
ƽҰʹҶףȻͬܣס
ƺؿڶµܣܶεľûһѣ޹ģɡɴָҪң㲻϶ˣ֮ģôң
ûôУе˶ڷˣ磬ҰŪΪ㻹ܻãƽҰ֪ҵۣǰʮ꣬ҵһ̫ˣ꣬ȴ˼ůֻ뱨𣬴׻ջҺθɣ
һ˵ţһ߳˳ң֪һҹǶأΪ˽𲻹˹ˣûϵ֪ˣҷΪٶġңߣұ֮ҪɱҪ㣬ֻҪҸʹСܵóԸĵʱҲûʲôźˣҲûʲôԺ󣡡
ƺĽŲôô룿
Ҹô룿ƽҰЦЦؿд磬θܶҪƿô
ƺüͷôƫҪҵĻ⣿˲ôˣѵҪΪ޴Լĺ뱲ôɵӲŸô˲¶
ҾǸɵӣӡԭû׿ģһŴ˼ˣһ԰໥飬ҲиͷڰҾʲôͷûˣҲʲôˡƽҰǰš
ƺһ׿ӦУ;µûţ˵˵ȥЩûˣ
ϴżˣӭ󻹸˼ڵģҲ֪Ҫʲô
Ҫôſ֣ƺҲԼڱߣȷʵЩңɴ׳⣬֪ƽҰĿĵʲô
ƽҰԶԶظϴ˶񣬺ͣסţƺ˵ˣͻô
뷨˵ƺȻס
ƽҰ۾۾裬΢΢ЦˣԳҡҡͷҾ֪нġҲգ΢ᣬһˣ֪ķ
ƺᵽ˿вͬѰϢͻȻҵ˭
ƽҰЦЦϴʹ˸ɫ
ϴͷߵ˦˦°͡
ƺԽƽҰ߽˼ϳϴվŵǸǲǰС͵Ϯ׿ӦУ֪֪Լ˭ԿܲǸʱӾ衣
㣿
Է΢Цҡ
ûж໰һԵͬĬ߳һóϵǸˡ
˵ƺеǣʱͫͷƤ飬û֪
˻˿ڣһɤ񱻲չ֧飺
лҪ˵
طɳ֭񳵳󷨡
ûôУе˶ڷˣñǸߵĹ־䡣


172 
ƺƱ˳˻, ˫ĿѪ죬˫ţͷʰ㷢һͺ塢常
͵ñ˼壬Ҳûٴˡ
һ, ֱˤ, ֻ½Ƿɵ, иһѱס, ס
׿ӦзĲ£һֱҶǻŹƽҰƺȥһҶ, ˺һųڳܡ
ضǵȴ˵˵Щʲô, ǣҶǡĸꡣ
㿴ϴΪ׵ļˣǰмһֳͷƺ͹ƽҰǴȥò
ô, ͷضĪĳң
˲ϻȥȡѩ, æƺķܣżʱϵҪȻƺ˿Ѿڵˡ
Ȼס, ׿ӦиʶûҪ⡣
ƺڴǿ, һ̲࣬ڲס, ˿֣˱׼ڵϣ
úʧ̬ͷ˭
׿ӦдŶԷ˼ɫӣͷף룬ұͲտյӦȱһۣص˰̸ǣϲףǱ˹ġ
ټһԹƽҰǫ̬ܵȣһ˵Ĳ²⡣
ѵǡôܣ
ƺķӦȴ־²˳ġ
ѹֹƽҰڲʮʱ˵۴Ǭͣܵ㹻죬Ա˲ǺĿܡ
ڻ룬ƽҰͰʾڵʵǴҴδˣ
˭뵽˻˼䣿
׿Ӧͷһƺܲ£æøЩ磬硭Ӧһȱ롣
ƺû룬ΪѾ޷˼ǧͷԺбѿӽһǰɽǰըλĿǰȻըĿȫǣģ常
ǹ˼䣬ǾԼѾܵظ
Ǻ߰ɣƺֵ̿룬һǺߣ常ѹ
常ôѹ
ڻȻ֪룬ɽһ˻Ƶɤٴ𣺡常ô
常ġ㣿ƺãȻؿɢ૵
Ӧ˹ȥϸģȴ벽Ҷ
ǲǹɽǹɽ
ƽҰչ磬ۼΪʵҪϸһԺ˵һ㡣
׿ӦȻ֪ƺ˿̲Խܹɽûʵ̼ʵصࡣ
̼ƽҰ̤ƺģػʱ仺ա
ô𣿡ƽҰʧ磬ڿҵߣһΪûܸء
常ûȻˡƺͻȻ
Ѿ˷ŵĻңʱվֱӣƿ׿Ӧзָ֣ģ
׿ӦлЩģ硭
ƺ̧һֻ֣ʾö˵űһһߵɽǰĿƵشŶԷ
ɽ̹ȻӭĿ⣬õİϹһĨ΢Ц֪ʣʰɡ
סô£ƺɫ˰ĬƬ̲ʵ
ɽ˼ԱҲҪѣԱʱ˲㻹ӡ𣿡
ƺŬԺѹεʱļ䣬յıըĳ̫ۣܾü£ϸϸ˼ȴ벻κϸڡ
˵Դ̼ӱܷӦΪ˱ⷴĥһĻ̵Ļڸһϸڣÿ뵽Ͳټˣʲôҩյûá
ֻźҡҡͷǲ̫ˡ
޷ɽ˻ƵʱѾԶܵǬ׵ĲըһۣҳѣѾһ֮󡭡
˵ü򵥣ƺľ̲סϵ˭˭㣿Ǹʮ±ϣ֮⵽ȥѰʬȥѰ㣬ȷʵûҵʬףʱΪΪ㱻Ǭըˣֻұ۲֫
ҵģǶϸɽ
ƺʱһܵܣ
ǴرµģǶڰոͷʲôܣ
ɽ˵ţ־ҿϽź˳
׿ӦиƺߣŴԼߵľ룬ȴͻȻײһ¼ǹƽҰ߹һײǹ⡣
ƽҰߵƺǰɽ˵ȥϸҵԭʮָˣûж˴⣬ҵһ˾õļֵҽ͵͵ȥڣ˰㡣
㱾ԴҪЮףû뵽ܿյϢʵ϶ҵͨѹΪڱ߾Ѳ飬ǳʣȫ̿򡪡ζϤҲûҪ˵
һ̱ˣҵ¶ԵΪЦԭ뽫ҵ֮죬Һù׼ƣҪҵһôǶѧ׶еĻ֮ʵ᲻ûǮֲԸ⻨ؽҵļգǰίΣԱȣ
ƺţвȴޱ飬һֱŹɽͼҳ
ɽȴԣǽŴǣǻǶβ£¶һĨʹɫ
ɫҲֻһʼձǰֲɫƽ
ƽҰԣҵ˹ߵĻµ飬ǽյļƻ
ƺ΢΢飬ǰһվڹɽֳ֮ǰ˫ȼѾɽ̺ӵϥǣ常㲻£
ͻϮƺ̧еУԵĩָ˺󣡡
׿ӦеҪѣɽ˰֣ûϵϣẦҡ
Ϻݺݵעƺµ
ǰңȻףɾô£һǰôɽƽǰΪʲôԼ˵ı֣ʧȥޡᣬһҲδǾѣãҲŷһжֵá
ʲôˣӦúұҪ˵ģҲʣһԺսɳ߰ϣʱڹھģɹʵĽҪߣҡɽֿ죬ϵЦθģ
ƺһͨһڵϣץסɽϵ̺ӣؿھʧôᡭôҲšҲţҾΪ壬Ҵһʿôܡģġ
˺ѷεغ常ҵЩȫǼٵ𣿣гҲܸܸйᰡ
׿Ӧ۵Ըӣ˹ȥ磬ǲ˵ˣߡ
ƺڵϲ϶ץ׿Ӧе֣ȴִֵؿŹɽ㡢ǡ
ĳô
ɽӸµؿϴһ˿֪жô¸ֱִ⣬ѹ֮£Ҳֻѣۡңֻ常ûΪҵԩ
һֱͬƽҰҪ뷨ɽ۹ƽҰƽҰڨڨͷ
µöԣڰиţ㣬ֻû뵽ͼıϤּҲΪ֪ᡯصˣ׷ɣҲֻð享дŸǣϣܰסɽ˵εЦЦϧҰ̵̫ˣҵ谭
ƺҪⶼʳŹɽΪĴҲɣԡҪɱң
㾹Ȼɱ˸磿ƽҰԾصɴۣƳƳһԵĸϣĵƾ
ڵףֲ˵ʲôԱϴļʾο
ɽûƽҰɣػشƺҴ˴θľôɱ񣬷ɱֻһӣʲô
аҸ磬ǱˣƽҰƺǰߣ˫ְסɽֳķ֣㲻ɱɱҲˣ
׿ӦסƺѶԷԱߴ˴о˲òӣֱ˺ǰԺĸ
ԼҲˣôĥƺ
磬˵Ķǹƨ۲ˣ׿Ӧзƺݺݵص˹ƽҰ͹ɽһۣǶʲô˰ڿ˵ʲô常飬ֵ飬㣬ƽҰ˵磬ΪҪҪġǵĸ˵ôһúõɹʹôҪˣ
׿Ӧаϰ뱧شƺ뿪ƺʧشۣʶߡ
ƽҰĵںߺ磡ҵǸ˼
ϴ͸Ҫȥס׿ӦУɽֹ
ƺɽ˵ˣƽҰ˵ͬҰҲûá
ƽҰִֵһǻûתú˵˵
ôãûһִģ˽⣬ôõ˲ţãһ᲻ãõǧټֹɱģ
Ķⳤģ֪жʹ࣬׵ģҲǵġ
ɵˣֻǸһǸ֣ʲô
ƽҰǲȰҸ壬ٸҵʱ䣬һǣ
ʱ䣿ǻʱô
ƺ䣬ããȻͷһۡ
ˣߣ׿Ӧ¶һ̶ĥɷ˵Ҷ
˶ƺŵαװҲŲȥһͻ׹׿ӦϴקŰŪϣӱ§һš
磬޾Ϳޣ˾ͺˡ׿ӦߵǵĻһҲָأ
ƺŶһ仰Ҳû˵׿Ӧбְѱϣ֪ƽҰ˵ʲôһĺܲңƫƫǻʵۣгѱʵôҲܸ˺Բԣѵʵг𣬾ѹô
ңǶʹɱʵۣɹʣٴڲǸһһˣȷʵûбָ𡭡һ򲽽Ҫڱ֧̫Ӹ£ϻʵλҲ㱨˰Ҷ⣬϶оͬ鲻
ƽҰ˵ʲôԸ⻨ؽļգǰίΡޣǾѵΪƣ̫Цˣû˻ط޳Сˣֻ常һУװԼ׳ԼԸǴף
׿Ӧбƺ۵磬ĻǶˣ˹үƽҰĳޣޣһƵģ𡭡ԹүʧվϣģҲԼô
ƽЩȥǺú˵ʳǵ֪֪˭͸¶ʮ÷ʽ֮֮ǻͨȻٽһʣ˴ǵжƻʲôܼʱֹͺˡ
ô˵Ҳ֪Ƕ֮֮˵ͨɽ͹ƽҰͲߵһν⣬ʵ죬ƺԼȻǽһս֮ûУŤת֣
ô˵׿Ӧ治֪Լΰοƺ
ֻˣȴˣ˿ѡ
ƺڵ״̬ǰκʱҪٸе㶻۶ﷺ˺
׿Ӧƺﲻһᣬˡ
ӹƽҰǴΣϿһأһԵģĻ䵽˼㣡
׿Ӧûа취˰ҲڶԷƺ˹ȥ棬ͷŶͷ˫ִ˻磬˵仰ɡ
ƺһ˫۾źڰеĳ
֪ԼôӦˣ˵ɽǼٵģǹ͹ƽҰģŶԷôãȷκ˵ľֹ˵ʽ񣬶ɽһޣֻĿеı䣬ǹɽûеġ
˵öԣվڹɽϣôܲޣ
Ҫܹɽ˵һУ顣
ͬѩﶳִ֦ѩֻǺôһ㣬㡰ꡱһ۶ˡ
ƺ𷽲ŵĳϺϴǿţԼڱ٣ô˵Χ£ʮѪôһر
ԵЦֻơ
·εһУԼһЦ
׿ӦмƺԲǵ۾磬ǶˣٱһС㿴ңҲǸĺӣȥץסһҪģٵʩᡣҲǣ㲻ǵĹߣǱģ߶ԼֻҪ㻹һڣͲ𣡡
ǣ㰡
ое˶˶ƺ˿ּΪ˳³˱õ
׿ӦΪˣ԰ģȴԷҵȥ磬û̹ʲôֻüеظʲôҳϡ常ҵһսôñҽ˵ĵ
ұһһܳڵģҴ˸صļǣеöվֱءеһս죬ָǰķ򡣡
ȴˡ
ƺ޸˵ս쵹ˣУҵļǣǱ˳ˡ
׿Ӧ˫ֻסĲӣᶨ˵磬أţӽҾļǣ


173 ʵ
ҹɫ, ƤװУ˳ɽŸŻ䡣
ɫ£ӳһüչǴ硣
ü, һ㺺Ͱе䶼û, ɸôźã罫, üͷš˸
ֽüĸƽ, ǰҲûҲҲ뾡취Ϣǡ
һ紵, 䣬ȴͻȻ˸սסֲ֣ԤС
ˡǰҲû뵽нգ˷, ԭԼϤĻܱǣűߣûġǰ, £ԼԼ, ûţǾͬ顣
ĴȶȸЩοͷ, С
ɽϣ岻֪ʲô, һֱŵͻȻؿʼ׷ǵ䣬ץ˲ݵ˼
֮ǰͨݶ㿪׷, ҹ֮ʱŲ飬Ҫȥ÷Ĵ
쵽ɽµʱֵڳʵ̫Σˣǻȥͷ֮󣬾ͳɽҸɽŰɡ
룺Уġ
Ҳ֪ôˣҲ
ῴģ˵ºڣ嶨ᷢһҲǶҾͲعٱأܴݳϢȥ
Ծ磺嵽׸˭һ߻˵ء
أ˵ǶҲûãʲô֪ȫץȥҲ󲻳ǣ˩µЦôЩ꣬˴ȷʵʧܵһΣьĲǶˣԼ˰
ôġ緭
󣬴յЦҺΣ
㿪Ĵ첲ӳһģ߰ɣ
˹ǣץס˫һݣ
һǸȥһ·ʮƽֻ¹Ӱ飬Ȼȴܾﲻ
ƺ̫ƽЩ
Ȼ·ҹ⣬룬־ûԼˡ
Ż̫Ȼ˾ԣϸܱߵ
ڹʮʱͻȻǰԶĵһãа
㱧硰ಡشԾҪԱǵһͷ
æһת£˽ʵʵˤ˵ϡ
һҲǰİ˸ͷҲۡˤһӡ
ŭץ񣺡ģҰ壬ҪҪб³浶ǹһ
·ʮٱԭһҲ˴ǰֻǱĸС
ٱԶֳӣһսʹܳ
űִӹٱ߹⸱ǱģЦһץǻǵǰԲˬ
ס磬νؿ壺ǴҲδ⣿ǰôһ£㵽ǹ
ǹôҪôֻҪܴĿľͺáݸһЦܻ׷λȻҪľϣǱٷ첲šȣǺοأܺúϣҲ顣
˫۳죺˵Ѫ㲻
ظ˵۾ǿʲôߣƱǿ԰ɡ
ͷүǿܣôҲҵֻҪٶ¶ˣҶΪǡˣǴߣ
----
ɽѰһҹŷعʦүСԺ˯ϲѡ˯Ҳ̤ʵԺȫΣһμƺ׿Ӧб̿һμѪ˯ʮġ
ĪЩ·ʲôҪǼٰƵСԺתȦ·ȥţֱʦүĹ·̽̽
ӽ䱸¸תѾҹʱ֣ԺԾɵƻͨʦү֪˶뿪벽
һ·ʵʦүô
ʦү֪дӣֻǻͷһֻۣдǲ˵㲻±δ˷ôôˣ
꣬ЩӰьܵܿǹС
֪εҪʲô˵һһףġ
ʦүд󼸸֣ʷ£⵹ǣദ죬ܾЦصǸ˼
ڸô
Ӧڣû˵Ҫš
ûʲô£Էģûȷһ±ȽϺãתͷߣȥһۣʡѿǡ
߳·ûԶԺһ˴ȵˣһʲô£͵ɣ
۸ģʱѭ˹ȥߵת䴦һ̽ͷ㿴ıѺŴ羭
ͷƤһ飬Ͻ˻صǽͨͨ
үС綼ץˣ廹һ֣
ǽӰ댝ߣǼֵһһŮ÷ֿذɣ
һ˵·ˣŮûˣֲֿðȥţǱۣͬͬͬסˣһɣ
δҪô
˵ˣһģ϶󲻳Ⱥúùšô˵ҲΪģҶŵ㡣
ǣ
ת˻˹ʦү·˰ʱŻλƳ·ĹٲǼк첽ԺмǴȥ
ηⰲ˺üظڣ󲿷ֶ۸ı˶ͶӵĿ⣬ҲرΪˣʳйȥҲǶ˼仰˷ºӡ
֪ʼ仰Ľڻȥȿż˾ȳ
Ȼ߽м⣬뿴صʿĪëëġ
ʶ룬үС籾Ҳʮ־ôᱻץס
Īǵѱգ
ôһôүղԼ飡
ﵱվסţмǼˣװͻȻʲôӺףתߡ
Ȼʶͼû߼ϴƿ֮ܰγ嵶顱ؽһأ
ץס
ˣ
һ˲䣬ΧʸٶȱоԼɽ֮УԴյȫļ
ܵػӵֿȴʵڷͻȻ䡰͡һϴһʹĶ˳ٻ˼֣󱳺С嵶֣۵һڵϡ
ǰʼЩģ֪ͷϿ϶ҩżڵأԳ룬һ·ĺˣѲõͷˣ
мʿ󺰣֣ͣĪҪ
ͣЪűʿҪס˭֪ʱͻȻһˡ
˲δεǵٺܿ죬Ա˻δʲôǼʿ㱻β˻ŴڵأһعʱǺѾϷˣ
վһԺӵʿ㿴ҿ㣬ŷǰ£ֻһգ۵Ĺ˱ɽ˾ߣҲ̫ˣ
ʱ⻹δʣԲ죬ĿģϳԼ˿һ֮УһٶȻۡ
һ˰һë΢Цװ˯ϵܣź㣿
ѵܸˣźҲĸǰɶңȻЩ飬˵ʮ㣬۵ЩƤˣӦò
еġҡڣ˿ĿȫǣȻҲݺЧ
࣬ӼĲ˸֦˴ȣ˵ֲأԸģװˡ
֪Ϊʲôڻˡۣżϵ˿һˣ۵졣
ЦЦ֦ӽǰĻѣô£ˣ
ȣ𣬿ˣֳаֻ֣ȵ˻ѣ˾ԶЩ
ɡϴδӺͷ׷˵ҪץǡΪƣᰵаǣû뵽ģոմүС类ץסˣϹô
ϻؼ֮󣬺˲ģҺʹ˹Ͼͨ˭һҲڲŻѣ㲻˵ڹǱôҾȥ㣬˭֪˾ͿһΧһκ͵ϳ㣬˳־;ȳˡҿεČ飬ЩĹյò̵ò׼ļ첲ȶҪ
Ҳһ㣬岢㽫ǸϾɱ漴̾˿˭֪«ʲôҩ״أ
ߵˮ·ǻﲨ۵Ĵϣȹ̽̽ڵүץˣһʣ¼أ
Цɲʣһ߿ܻжӣܲû֪ǿҲô˵ӻܶأˣʣġ
ڳԾصɴۣ룬ôң
ҲڣǲҲæôҪͰӳֵҲүСʱܾȣû¶
Ʋ΢΢ͷȻʲôƵģ˰Ķ䣺ô
պϰɡ
˵ʵ
ڼȻ֪飬Ҳţ˺ˣǰֻܿһֻˡ
ǸҽҲβˣ
ЦЦˣָ£ҲΪͲΪ˼ˡ
üƺ֪ô
ϸ緢ܲûңҲġȻҶΪ£αó˵һͽ˱¹ˣҲΪķ
---
ãµķϣŷָ֣ŶͷĻ㱨ɫ¶ߡ
֪ЩʲôսսˡҪҪӴѳǣˣӦҲҡ
֪ߵ˭ô

˵ǹƥһȺƤӵ£ôѸپ֣ϵɵļţֻ뵽ǼζҌˡ
⻰˵ú˳ı飬֪Ǽָ͡˭Ҳʡ
岻֪ʲôƬ̺ŻͷиôѲôѲ飬ȥѰдڣͲ
ǣֵأҲҪץһռô
źӵãڹɣǶڹãûĬƺ˵ΨһĳڡƺܻصǺӾóˡ

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峿СԺգﻨ㣬Ѹϴõ·Ϲңһ¾õû棬ҲųһУûо泩һ
๫⼸㶼᲻ǲﲻͰߵǰĵ
ҡҡͷǿһЦû¡
Ǿͺáż⣬һǣЦӯӯʵڼңĺܸˡ
ḧͷԺһᾡ㡣пյĻȥߵ¶ˣҾʹȥǴӡ
ðһú룡
֪ʲôƽ⣬ؽתǸˡ
ߵԺûټֻݶǸϤۡ
ס֣๫ʲô
ŵеͦͦģ뿴ʲô񡣡ԭ˵ͦر𡱣ȴ֪ʲôԵʸ˿ڡ
ޣҼرƯˣһ߽ͷߣĽȷʵܺЦ๫ҪǾƣҵø
룺Ҳãôãһ˰ɣ
Сܲ٣ġȥʯǱŵҰɣȥ١
Ƭ̺ù挝š
ңüòˣҵһ
ֳʯϣ
ϸ޳ָңʱʱ£Ҳģ׼Ϊ򵥵ӡ
ƤݶǸۣվֱӣĳü΢
磬ôˣʲôɵô
۹Ƭ̲Ťͷûʲôҿˡ
ͷˡ
ң˼ؿһۣˣҿʼˡ
ֻôЦŵ٩볪Ҳֻûдˡ
ߺԼ๫Ҫʲô͡ʲôұ㳪ʲôˡ
һһضӣ˼ֳ˼һʱ͹ȥ˴룬̫ҲϿգ¶Ⱥⶼˡ
๫˰ɣȥ׼緹ͷ٣ȥһ
һߣʱɺطţ˭֪ûѻһ
Ҳܵؿݶϵۣ֌ûע⣬ӦݣƷģһϸݵϢ
¸类ץ£Ҳģʾ˲ûʲôΣգ֮ѰʻᶨǾȳҲڵæ£鰲Ĵţ¶
ûӣڴ¿ʾӦҲۿɼغһЩŲߡ
ߵſڣְסŰʱԺȴͻȻһĻ棺ں췷УǼסƽҰ˽´ѶϢļˣʱõƺ뷽СҲеġƯĽһޣ
õﲻͬԵʱǲݵѶϢʲôȻйɡ
ɡ
һֱҪԼ٣ݶֵɫͻıݡ
뵽ʲô৵ذˡ


174 
Դƺ׿ӦеӪ֮, ӵۿɼغԵĶ࣬ζҲã, ˮ, ϵʿоԼһ쵽;ûŹ
һú, ״̬ҲָܿԺ˺ܶ, Ȥ׿ӦС
ռԷ֥ľӱ˭ģ㻹磿
׿ӦȻû𵽺ܴЧ, ƺԾƲ֣ɼɽ֮¶ж
Թ˵һ̨״㶡׿Ӧȥ, ȴܳԼһ˰Ȱ˵ͣƺɱֳĬ
˵׿ӦҲȤЩȥؽ, ô̸ֽ˵Լ, Ҳס죬һ㶡
ƺҲ֪׿ӦİοԼǼЦ˵û, ֻҪúһ롣
ȷʵʲôûȥҹɽ, ҲûȥҹƽҰԺĸҲøøʱ, ʶҲû
ڹߣʹûֹ
׿Ӧбƽʵĸòˣ޲ѩʦƺɱȥҲùɽﱻ
Ҳ˵ûʱôôһĻôס
˿٩˸ۣ˼ֲû֡
ʲôãŶźӣЦʮǷᣬ׿ӦҲϰΪϲ𣬲졣
׿ӦӽЩģͷĺȰɡ֪Ժԣ³ͷѹİ취ӦǹġʳﶼǴ˽ģӦ֣̽һ̽ûбĵطԳȥ
Сӣż£תøˡЦ
ǱǿЩ˼ҲʮǰҲû©ҡ
׿Ӧϵ˸ǲ㣡ѧЩʲôóȥ
׿Ӧдһֱţˡ
СҶǲǹʦӿʲô¶û̹㣬Լĥģʦȷʵ֮
ʦܽʲôеôǸˣֲǷҵģһΪʲôҪ㡣
ʦô
׿Ӧкܵ裬ݺݵһۣʲôԹģҲΪԱôµô
ӷĵЦˣǾͺãǾͺáһ㲻ˡ
˽ң׿ӦԽ˵Խ
ѽʲôãǳסӰñƺǳţûô취ġ
׿ӦеȻ֪
ֻ۰ˣۣȴʲôˡ
Ӻĸһоƽģ׿Ӧб־÷ʦ˵öԣԼȷ̫ꡣ
Դƺ֮󣬷¶ΪĹǣ׿ӦлûôżƺȵףԼʴ˵ҪԷļǣȴʲô취벻˵Ǽٵġ
ʦϸ̽ӵģô䲻ô׿Ӧвʵ£ûԾȵķ𣿡
ﰵЦΪ͵͵ڶ֡йߴ˶ƨ¶˵ôʦҪӵģ
ҲûҪˣֻͽա
ȿȡɤӣ䲻ΪҲûãܸ˼Ķȵ侲뵽취ԾȣȻйΪʦôܸ־ܣֻĿǰ˵һħһɰˡ
Һͺûô죿׿Ӧеĵ㲻ó汾ߣ߳ŭô
ӷ룬ͳӲ˲죺Ұй۲죬ߺ͹ƽҰìܵ㲻ϣҵ¯ʲôڹ߿ȻҪƽҰ˲ϡ
ҿϣ׿Ӧеʱߣϻߣ
۱£⺢ȷʵǿӣҲȷʵ衣ĶƺϣֻǸ۵ʡεҡҡͷץǹߵ⣬ƽҰûйϵֻ˵ҵĵҪȥһۡҲܸѵݸСûʲôͬ˵ǲˣҪҡ룬ⲻô
ʵҪҵǹߣƽҰڰͼǴñһ˱ض߽⣬˵ԣʱ򣬹߾˹ƽҰЩͼֽҲûãʵҲĶԷʱ
˵𵤷׿ӦƺݵǴΡ㡱ѹǰѹ﷭˸׳죬ⶫô
ٺһЦȻС
׿Ӧһģ
ⲻܸ˵鷳ʦû£Ȼ֪ᷢʲô׼ģЩ»ںʵʱ㡣׿ӦеţСҶʦˣ
Ϲ˵ʲôû㣬˵ˡûʲô۲۵ģʦѣͽܵĵȻҪܣ
ЦЦʦǰ㲻ãģΪҾͲ̫ˣʦΨһͽܣ׵ˣʼǵģף
ʮӴû˵Ļ׿ӦһȦʱˣ׵ģ
ǰף֪ʦľҲܶˡ
Ըͬе˻ﰮе˲ᣬָûС
ǾУԺӿɲ˵ֽ黰ˡ˿
׿ӦӣʦҶúû㡣
°ָָϵ룬ЦЦʦȥʢһ롣
׿Ӧжұ̨ߵʱÿƺƽҰסҶ
Ҳ֪ɽ֮ǰģӶ˵ԼûԴǰ˴˴ƽҰסһ
ƺȥǣ⡣
׿ӦкſסԼҪȥĽŲԼ˼ƻһԼ˵ǧж
Ȼ˺ıҪָӡ
ϴ͸һһңƵվڹƽҰҶڣסƺȥ·
ƺݿ£ȴŲŭƣ
Ҳ㵱֪֮ǰҪͨôϴ˵úϼ״תҶ
常ͬӣǰ㲻ҪͨȻҲҪ
ϴЦЦʱ֣ͬ˵Ѿͨˣ
ôģ㽻ƺ
Ϸضڣɡ
ƺ⻹ǵһνҶڵúкü䣬Ÿһֱߣ߹һȣãվ￴ܿҺ鷿
ֻҶģȲķӣǽÿһɾ͹Ÿ̨ǿ˴һĸоǶ˵ĵطǸѡ
ͷһƺԳ룬ڿɲǷô
ɽǼΪ䣬һĴ멣ȥͷӡ
ƽҰ磬ƺϲӭȥ磬ˣҶȥ㡣
ɽ豭ȡһƽҰ죬㷲ؿһۡ
ƺɫߵɽǰ񣺡常⼸ķˣǷ񻹺Ŀζ
ɽӦһԴ֮ζ𣬳Բ̫ζ
ƺʮֶݣ۽ǲɷ˺죬Ĭ
ɽʵ⼸죬ʲô
ƺδӻǵ常δң
ɽԣһ
ƽҰŵ磬ʲô˼ֻҪһģȻǰ㣡
ƺ̧ۿ˿ɽֿƽҰƽľƽҰ̫ˡʲô常ҵġ
ܣҵǱϱֵĮﻹϣܰǣϾѾûпεˣƽҰеߵɽԣҡĸ첲˵ǲǣ˵Ǳһˣʱˣ˭˭أôҲǲ𣿡
ɽ˿ڲ裬Ƥƺһۡ
ƺ˹ƽҰĻɫƺڼʲôƬ̺ŵ常Ȼûǲǡǲǡ
ɽһ֮еı飬αϣ¶Ц
ƽҰһͼˣתƺ磬⻰ʲô˼ѵҵδʵ۹޺㲻óô۾ҵڵӣԭܳģɴ˵ֻмûˣѵ͸ôԭģô˵ֻ
Ҳǡƺ˵ԼǸ˼ֹסˣϸ룬Ǹ˼
ƽҰ⡱߹ץס˫ۣǴ·ϣ㻹ôȻô
ƺ̾˿ͷסƽҰһֻ֣Ȼɳƣʮ굽ؼң常ҵ֮ûǽǵ׺͵ܵܿģֻϧǸججô꣬ȴ֪ǾȻôĳޡ
常֪̫࣬Ҳԭ³ˣҲ֪һֱֹ׷飬ʵǱ档µҲΪѣϣܿҵķϣŰʦͽһ·
˵ˣ֪޹磬ǲ㣡ҲֻǡֻһʱŭİˡƽҰеش˸ϰǣ֮ǰһо͵ûǸˣԾһˣǲǰ
һ˵ţһ߻ͷɽɽĿ⣬ǼΪԸҲε˵öԣȷʵ̫˽ıԣŻֹϾӣֺγµȥ֣ƽҰĻҲȷʵȷʵ˿ãϴǽˣ˵о̣ʤһЩ
ɽ˵һ٣Ըңҿĳ⣬ҵƢҲ˲ã˲ɡ
ƽҰץƺӲţ磬𣿣ҵɿˣҾ˵ỳ㣡
ƺüĽкʲôɵ˵Ըǣǻʲô
Ȼлʵ۰ƽҰѿڶϾ常ûһս֮߿϶Գоսٸǰӿ϶òףֻ㡭
ƽҰ˵̫ˣɽֹ
ƺɫ䣺ȥ
ƽҰϵıỵ́Ȼصͷ԰ʺ
һҪɱʵ𣿡ƺ૵ڣȺҪβܡ常ƽҰδ̫쿪ˡ
ƽҰҺ͵ˣսٸ
ɽֹԼ˰ֵȻ綼İǣڲٶҴˣ
ɽΣһԲֻùƽҰ˵ȥ
ʵԭϣ£Ҳ㲻ϣŴӦ롣ƽҰ˷ܵȻԸңǴ˴һһٳɹ
ƺ˫Ŀһƽ¶һĨңǼ£ٺú룬ҵúú롭˵սٸǸʲôҿסʱҪܶȥаɣôô
ƽҰſҪ˵ͻȻֱ죬ƺ۾ЦЦ磬ҵĻԲԣҲϵˡ
ʲô׻ȻҪ£ҵȻֲʿŻҰйأƺֱ׳
ƽҰҡҡͷȻûһڴӦҲ˵̫࣬ǲ㣬©
ƺЦɭϣܽϢ͸ȥ
µǰ㲻ܹҹڽƽҰϿҵ
---
׿ӦԴӰʢ˵ڶ֥ľ֮󣬾һֱվҶ⣬ŹƽҰĶڣֱҪվһʯ
ϴŵңңԣǲơ
ʱƺҶгɫȷҪѿ࣬׿Ӧӭ˹ȥ磡
û¡ƺЦЦס֣һ𷵻ԼĶС
׿Ӧ֪ȥɽ͹ƽҰһʲôΪƺԼãֻǿڴͷȻʲô˵
磬Ҫ£ġ׿ӦԣǱԹʦΪ˻ңζˣûô
ƺ仰Цˣ̧ĺףȻ֪б£ֻµڣͿҸôѡҵԼ
ǺðɣҲˣסôѡҶ֧㡣
ѡ˰ȥɱʵأ


175 
׿Ӧ𾪵ؿ, ӰƺڴͷԴĿãȻݶ, ڻرʲô
, ôȫأ׿Ӧס, ôѡɡԹТȫ, Ϊˌ常ТҲûܹʲô
ƺ૵𡭡
ǲǣֻҪ˾, ұ׷㡣׿ӦҲ֪ΪѣһǼңһǹôѡ, ƺжΪѡ
Ϊʲôܱĥ
׿Ӧзϴƺ̫ðˣһеҲ, һҲȥðգȥ
ƺ̾ƽҰȻҳ, Ӧоųɰգɣ
Ų̫ˡ׿ӦҪʲôѡ, Ҿ취ʦӳȥǰ¶ߺָʹҲ御ˡ
Ƭ̺, ƺȻʧЦðκȫˡ
ҿɵúúı׿Ӧе, ת鲻֪Щʲô
ƺͷ̾ǰЩöãʱұǿˣᣬӢҲ˱Ѷϣѿá
ƽҰ㻭Сǰô
ǣ˵ȻվտҲʱľ衣
껭ģ
ǰҸնʮ常սȫʤܷٻƺֻ꣬꣬Ƕ̶ʱ⣬ȴ˻
׿Ӧͷ°ǣȻãҸڵ㡣
ΪΣ
ʮܷٻô϶֣ټɧԸ񣬶Ǻִʱ㣬ֻ㣬Ųϲ㡣׿ӦЦָƺüۣڵͺܺãľǧסòȻҲӢģǰֿǱ⻪Ŀ
ƺЦס֣Լ๫ô
ʵʵ˵ΪҪ죿
׿Ӧʵ˸Сѣ룬ǰ߸ƺԼһҲϲİɡ
ǰ緢־꣬ƺҹɫҲֻĹâҫۣ˭᲻ϲأ
磬һսʱ𣿡
ƺ΢΢ۣǰȽֺ£أֻʣ½šûõģԽԽң뼯оӺܱ֤ʱֻһҪźõ󷨸ܣ˶ЮߣӶǴ֣ʵҲעⲻԼ
ֱս󱻵з˺ƣҪĵ˰սʱ򣬲һһʶǸʱҲ˲ϱģֻɱˌֻᱻɱˣѡʱ鷴򵥶ˡ
ʶ£Ǵսϻ֮Ѫ죬ǶǱ˵Ѫ֪ΪɱУʿӦ񣬵ǲΪɱ˶еѹҹ˾ʱԩ´ɱ̫࣬Ҫµ
׿ӦʮָۣյַؿڣԷΪְĳ٣ʲôԼͷϡ
ƺֻǹ˹ǣδ˵
µҲһ׿ӦдսĶ䣬׵ĳܽΣ㡣ʦɱ˳ˣҲ岻ݴǡ
룿
׿Ӧصͷġ
ƺѹ£˫۾ό촽
ƽҰһխҼΪҶ
˴Բסģֻһӣ϶ܵұ̽ϸͭܣܸͭ߳ұԼĴ磬ĩ˷Ŵ״ȿһ㱡ƤŵĹƽҰĶ䡣
Ϣȿд
Ȼ̸ѾȥȿԼͶ϶ĺһһػš硱һأƌΪĸζж
Ƕ˼ѹֵĵʱƽҰ糺ɫúףŭؽЩȿȫšۺŬԼƽջָ˲ɫŻ뿪Ҷ
֪˶ã׿ӦѾ˯ˣƺŵؽͷϡӻͳƽҰġС˿ָָ˺ʱĩ
´ߵҶʱػͷ׿Ӧһۣ¶Ƶȥ
ƺߺ󲻾ã׿ӦлۣŶڣ˼
---
Ӫصһ࣬ЩұĶڴ˿Ѿ˹ʮְ﷢ţЩҶûˣҲϨ⣬ȥһƬǹ׵ľ޿ڡ
ƺĿⶢǱߣƺʲôߵƽҰҶ⣬վڵĸס
߿Ҫ常ƺһ
үѾ˯ˣʱɡ
Ҿͽȥ˯ˣұ㲻ƺ常ҲẦ
ޱ飬ٸƵģԾֹذɡ
ƺݺݵƺ˵ʲôֻЦЦת뿪
ȻתǸӣתһ룬Ѹٻ̧ųȭȥ
խ̫ҪεҪôƺ󽫵˻ȥҪôǱһжʮƺƷм˵˾䡰°ܽű㽫ڶڴҡڵ߽
ŲϢĳȣ߲˿أǸЩ
鿴Һ鷿һˣѹϴڣԭƽҰҲڴ˴
ƺǼҶĬƬ̣ÿ߽ȥ
ɽڴϣ೤ӦѾ˯ˡ
ǽȼ̨õİӳӰУ˺۵ǰȴ΢УġԽ
ƺĴͷĬؿ糿ǵӽһˮ⡣
---
ƽҰɽţתһССĻ䣬㿴ԼǼҶ⣬ϵڵϣ²ʡ
ʱɫһȳһյܹȥ˲ϲ鿴ϵֱܣһͷײƺؿڡ
ôʲôƺɴӶɻؿ
ƽҰһ˿ţָֻܿҿεˣΪҵ¡
˭Ҷ常ƺڵϵĸϣ粽ţΪ˷Ұɣⲻҵ常ҲɸٲҲӼˣһ㿴˭أ
ƽҰæͣȻǷ㣡
ǲǣϣԺңҪȻҼһδһΣ
ҵ𣿡ƽҰ˵Щʲô
ƺɵش常˯㣬ҾûҸ˵ʲôܻ㣬㵣ʲô
ҵӱùŹ֣ǰǰͨ׷ŭûмЭǻᳳƽҰ͵
ƺһЦ˭Ź֣һһģϷƵģ˵ͱ
ƽҰδƺתҪߣæס磡
ôƺͷ
±ߣ˸ˡƽҰЩζ
ƺü˭
磡׿Ӧеӵײ㴫ƺߵС࣬¿ȥʱʧɫ
׿Ӧ˫۱ţϴز֪ȥδ
Уƺһס˹ƽҰĲӣɫɿ
ƽҰƺѾϵӦϾ磬ǿϲ㵽ǰ˵ġ
˵ʲôˣƺս֣ùƽҰɫǵͨ졣
ϴ״׿ӦУʩչṦɿৡسƺſ
ƺ۾ضŹƽҰȷʵ֣˵˵ʲô
ȿȣ޷ǡұٱЩƽҰŲӿ˼֮ǰЩŭģ¶ЦԽ磬ˣҪôңʵ˵Ҍûаģ޲ɱ
סڣƺȻŭҪƽҰ֣ϴĵѾĲϡ
ϴһһٵ˵ʡɡֹ
׿Ӧбţ¶ͷƺҡͷ
ƺһƽҰƽҰǾ仰Ұ㣬ܷܲ˰ʦͽ
ƽҰڲܷţ³֮ҿԿǡ
вң
˵ǣô
ǣҾûر˼
ƽҰε磬׵ض㻹Ҫ𣿡
ƺûϢã۾׷Ѫ˿˿̸һᣬؿվŵ׿ӦУֿƽҰ¶һټãȻʧ
ƽҰ㡭ҡȻ㵽Ҫôźá
ƽҰ״ǰ磬ĲǱ㣬ҵ棬һ㾪ϲǾĻýȥеʵǰ治֪㻹ԥʲôֻɱ˹ʵ۶ѣֲ췴ɱ̫ܼλҲˣҲܿࡣսٸᱣȫˡ
ߣ
ƽҰû˵꣬ͱ͵ƿ˼£ϴһס
ϴûüӦĵͱƺ˹ȥ
˻عƺѾŵһԾ£ֱ߽⴦ӪصĹߡ
ż߽ǿ˱˫ֵ׿ӦУҪ߹ȥ٩䣬ƺŭһ£еһԼ
ĻȻЩٶۣû뵽ڴ˴ϮǹԼæ嵶ۡһסƺ˵֡
ƺһͷ˿ʨ˫۷죬ٿ磬޲ýߴж˿顣
֪Լ֮ǣҲ˵ʲôȫעҲֻܿסƺĳУ޷֮
ĻҲϽУս֣ƺһ壬ֱܵС
׿ӦԱ߿úǣͷƽҰôؿ𣿣
挝׿ӦеʣƽҰޱ飬ĴԹۡ
׿Ӧн֣ҪӡѾ֪ϤϴʱʮֽʵôŤ壬Ҳᡣ
ļ֮ʱͻȻо˫һɣͷϵӣ
ʦ
Ӱķѩݸٷϻȥæ
׿ӦеӹȥƺߣԼ򵥶ߵĸ
һԹսźЦʮֿģСҶ£Ľг
ƺ׿ӦǶܵĿ࣬ͱߵľ͸һ֣µ־һ֡
߶δ˶̱ӣȻȲ˿Ѿ˼ӣԴɿɽһͷһôǱ
һߣ׿ӦЌĸȻҲ࣬ۿ˾ҪЌˣ
ʱ֪ʲôʱѹĸͻȻ֣׿ӦвǼһ˱Ⱥˣϴߡ
ϴһۣ߶ȥ
ϲס׿ӦУϴȥ߽ΧŴţ˸Ϻϴƺ׿ӦЌ򣬹˵һԺڴ
ʱƽҰҲѾѾŴһס֣
ƺҲٰ׷۵һѵһӣؿھţݺݵضŹߣģǺ޲ʳƤ
ֱ۵˿ڣƽҰŭչصģܺĹҪҧˣҲ
δ䣬һѵӌ˹ҺԱߵĻ˿̻һЩ̧䣬ҪȻϹƻһѪ
Ĺ죡׿Ӧùƺ᲻ӷѩӵƺŵڵϵǰѵ
ϴԼĵѾȱУ˿ҲǺˡ
ˣϷ̨ٴҲģ΢ᣬ˭ҲҷλΪ˴£ʱ¶Թ³֮󣬶Ȼʱ򣡡ƽҰɫ
ƺ˿Ѿָƽһ׿ӦУ󣬳ƽҰлҪ㵥˵
ƽҰһ˦ͷͽȥˡ
߱ţŲ鸡ظŸȥһһƺͶһԹ
׿ӦŤͷӣʦ
Ӱڰ֣ģһȥˡ֪ԽԽ̣Ҫߣ
׿Ӧ¶ɫƺ
ҲգдӴ˸Ƿһȥ˯ˡ
ƺӹֵʦеøһһֿҪ֣ģҶῴ˺
ƽҰ⻰ɫ˼֡
ӵͷˣȥɡ
һ߽ƽҰǼҶƺ،ƽҰҪҰԣҲǿ˰ʦͽȳ˹ߣҺͰʲôҲҲ
ƽҰؿһۣûнӻɽԷȥȥѵµ˼
ϴһ뿪ƺһץס׿Ӧеѹʲôܣһô죿
δԼ׿Ӧ֪ˣﲻھΣæǸҴˣԺҲˡ
ƺڻУУҵΪʲôܻóȥʲôΪһʲôʧԴ


176 
Ҳҵѽ׿Ӧһĺ, С˵ұֻú˵û뵽ˣԼû, û˼ɵҡ
ƺɫ, û˵ʲô
˵л, ѹٵͣƽҰڹɽҲ
վӰ, ɫƬ̺Ŷͷϴҵˣȥһѡ
Ƭ̺, ϴֳϵĹɽŹƽҰһصڡ
ƺԹɽ񣺡常
׿ӦбҲһȭ
ɽ룬˫΢΢ţʵô, кҪ£
ӦˡƽҰɫЩ΢ŵϣȳ˹ߡ
ƺߵɽǰ֣ص常, ʵβ߽ˣ, Ҽ룬ΪǲսٸȥɱʵۣôҲòˡʵ, ҸľϣֻҪ, ɶҰģڱ֪ʲôֽ, ò
ǳ߼£ƽҰ˵Ҵɱʵ̫̼֮λܽӰ콵͡ҶԣһΪ常ТҲңǿΪңֻЧҵ˱̫Ӷѡ֮ܲӣôҲܺùЩ
׿Ӧһ԰ǻ԰˱Ͳģԭû취ڴ½ɣȻҪǣΪ˻ȡ
ɽ˺۵Ͽ飬ƤƽҰô룿
ҸĻеƽҰʮǶµģҪıǰܺôǣɾӰˣʵ⣬ҲûҪǽʲôš
ɽƬ̣ǰˣ䰡Ҳʡ͵ĵƣ㵱ô
ǵҲ޷ʱ޿̶ǣҲûáƺһվŵϴǽûңͰһˡ
ϴЦһ£ָ̻һģ
ƽҰ룬ʵ磬ȳߣô
Ȼǹ䲻Ҹ֣Ǵݾߣܻܣҵó뿪֮ǰɵƺζؿŹƽҰҪ˽֮ķֹԼƻչ㲻ϸҡ
ƽҰЦΰ£Ҳ
ƽҰ㲻ģԸ⵱ʡ׿ӦͻȻ
ƺüУ
׿ӦӭĿ⣺磬ҰﲻʲôΨһģǴүƽҰĻɡʦʣҲûҪ⻥೶Ƥˡ
뺺Ҫģ޷ɱߡƽҰүҪɱߣҪɱʵۡʵֵһĿɣȥ䡣
ƽҰЦЦ㵹¸ңҶʲô𣿡
Ҳ¡׿Ӧ͵ؿ㲻˺硣
ߣΪǣƽҰǳ鴤
ƺס׿Ӧеʵڲġ
õİ취ˣô׿Ӧг΢ЦƽҰүԭǳˣαػΪѣǾ⣬Ҷɿɽ㰵յģʵ͸̫ˡ
ƽҰתͷʹɽô
ɽ̾˿˵ƾҶ׿ʶ壬Ҿ⵹Ǹ취
ȻҲͬ⣬ұûʲôƽҰƺ磬³֮ǰһὫ׿ǰҶ֤Σ
ƺ׿ӦеĿдᣬ׿Ӧбǣֱۻ˻ΣЦĺˣһúչԼʦҡ
Ǿһͨᣬƺǿаɡ
ƽҰϴʹ˸ɫϴ׿Ӧ˸롱ƣ׿ӦжƺݸһЦתȥ
ƺıӰþòջĿ⡣
ɽƺǳƣֳϣȻˣƽҰϸ뺺̸ɣһȥϢˡ
Ǹô常ѡƺյ߳ʱ常ڳϣɡ
ɽصͷţȻ
ƽҰȥֳ㡣磬ȥȥ
ƺףû˼£ⲽʮַꡣ
ʱƽҰƺģ磬㲻õģ׿ǱһŵԣȻʧ˵öԣҲļġ
ƺؿûн⣬ʵ常壬ôô˵õжأ
ƽҰЦڲ𣿡
Ҽпɣû̫࣬ٿƺѾճߣŵùңұдүΡ
ˡƽҰϵҲǲ㣬ҲǲŴүҽҵձըһ첲ִˤȥȫ飬ҽǰһģǿһ
ߣϻܻҡҲ֪˳Ѫ޷ͨУҲֻ;ƿݣǲŻ˼УҪȥ֮ǰ𡣿ϧǸһһУ޷гˣŰϣϡ
ƽҰߵƺǰһ˫һ۲٣ޱȳϣʵֻһֱ㣬ҵ£ѳȥһˣԴصģ֮ǰ㲻ɣɱ㣬
ƺ˫Ŀ죬ۿдתô㵱һ㲻ϻʵ常֮ܲԩ֮Уÿ춼ڵ֪常˽ѣڱһıҸ޲öҴСѧľҾһҹ֮ҪҷʮеǸ޳Сˣ
磡ƽҰرסĲΪˣԲЩӰʾ㡢̽㣬ʵҲҵúܣʱɣ룬᲻áбΪ˸ĲҲ㱨ɱ˹֮䣬ҶԸҡ
ƺһνŹƽҰûаƿ
ƽҰоԼͷ͸ʪȵĳ⣬ִȣ糱ϫһϯȫĳ쳣
֪常βŻģ׵ضҲΪҵﲻһСƺڹƽҰǱһˣȴҪ㻥¼ɣ֪жѹ
ˣԺҲˡƽҰƺϤϢ૵
ƺɿСûڶԷǰᣬƺЩ˼۾űӵҴҸͷй߼棬ڵƬءˣ˵սٸǲѾˣҿװѾͣˡ
ƽҰͷţߴ˷ǰһҪսٸ˳ȥҪΪǴսߡ
һüѧϰβôƺսٸʲôѲȱ֣˸еսٸ
ƽҰЦˣбʲôⶫܼ򵥣Ĵǣ֣ܿճߣҴȥ
ǳɣȻվʹߴٹߣսٸ뿪ϣӦġƺǰųǾжҲܼʱأҲ֪·ߣ԰ɣ
ƽҰرĸ첲޷֪սٸս·սᱻжˮ·ת½·˻ضսٸ½·һֱǣ̵
ôҡڵȥƺ죬¹·ؿ飿
ģǻᴦãʹЩͨ٣Ū飬²顣
ƺοұˡǱͳж֣ô
֪Ҳʮˣϴɻ˼Ҵ̫ڴ׾ڻ±¶ɽе̵ΣԼѺ̵֮Ѿ˱ص̶ѺԼ˸ںߡƽҰҵļƻֻܲοϾҲȫȻΡ
ƺšסǰԭļƻûҲ룬˭սٸǲ³ֵİɣһ©ӽ£ӪɲǳصģܺܿǵݣǶ˰ˣܸô
ƽҰûд𻰣˸ǷƺԼȥ磬Һһ˯ô
ƺϼ΢΢鴤ƽҰֻǵܵܡҶܴӦ㣬򲻿ɡ
ʲôأһܶǿƽҰЦЦСǲҲǳһŴ˯ôҲ
ǺðɡƺΪѵŴӦ˱ҵҶ
˳ۣϴƽҰȻرסƺֱϡ
оԷ彩ֱƺԼ㿪ڵȻе˵Σа취öе
⻰ƺ΢΢Щ
ƽҰ˹ǣԷһ㣬ƺҲûƿ˼
ʵ취ܼ򵥣ϴ͸϶ɱһϸʱҽɡҲԲսٸҲԸΪЧԭţҲΪ£Ǳɱ˲٣ֻʣСèֻɲʲô¡ƽҰͣǱףҲǷϾ֣Һ͵
ƺԼֱۣס
硭ƽҰǼؿ˲䣬˿ǻһֻʵСޣ㲻ס֪˵ζʲôǹĺѰ˵ҷ˷裬ҳϣôܱѣһҾˣ
ںˣˣҲҪˣҺ͵ںڰôãҲؼˡ
ƺ˵бҲЩ֮ǰᶼ°ɣһиҹ𡣲ƽҰǲǳһֱڰ㣿㶵ôһȦӰҴ۸ųһ·ϵͨͬ裬ƾ͹߿϶ģǸˣ˭
ƽҰԥƬ̣ôӦµ˰ɣ
̫ӣ
ɲ˵ġ
ܹƽҰ̸ܶƺҲѾ֤ԼĲ²⡣
һɣ̫ӻսɣжö֮ھǽʵ۴ɱ˳¼λҪе֮𣬽ʱǾ֮ʦû˸ҷԡ
ַľһ·ͻͽ׼Ķ˴ôܿ䣬޻֮ͳΪ»ʵǻͷһʱַйܳùȨֱѴ֮֮ܽɽȣ
ܲ˳ܶˣƹƽҰ͡ߵս۸򣬶̫ӵˣеļƻǷϮսѾȶˣƺ۸ʵʱ˺֮£սپʤа˳ɡ
һ򲽽ʧܣϻʵ۽ҲöٶͣҲռȻҵˣǶϣȻ˳ս
ƻԴסǶԳս˵ֱռȻ
֮ˣǺı
Ȼƺȴ룬ƽҰƽҰƻиɻɶ˲ɵӣһϸʬ壬˵ʲôνЩսٸ˲ʬô
˸첻
һһϻʵûʹҪ󳹲飬ץһǰ֤ݣ֮Ҫɴе常ԶڳϣǧԷˣ
֮ˣ̫ӻ壬ȴаǣǾǱ˵߰װ˰
뵽ƺͷһʵƽҰʮͼ˵Ǹף֪˭𣿡
ƽҰĬһŵʮࡣ
ʮɴˣپأ
û˵ʾ˾ࡣ
ƺۣ̾һ
ѹǰ常󣬱̫ܵ۸ԼͷӶԵʱӡ̫ԺΩǴӣԺƶϻʵĹ
Ǽϼһӱõʮͼֱֽ練ƣ
ܹߵĻŶжߣƾ첻ͼֽҲûҪ˾ࡣ
ѹɽٳδƺԼȻδǻʵ۶żԡʩͷûҪȻͨѹôӹģ
ƽҰ磬˰ɣʵ۾ǵ꺦ҵĻ֡
ƺıԩͷծһ常ġ
---
ɽ͸ͷʱڴ˴ͣƵģۺʱۿӰҹ
ƺ˯ȣһΣʱ˯˯ѡ
ƽҰſŵһδ˯ú졣
Ҷ⴫OO@@ĽŲƺһ˹ӻͳСһۣѾǳʱĩ
ƽҰŲһߣۣſڻô
ƽҰ˯ţɡ
϶ƺӶԹƽҰֵߴߴҪЩװ˵Ҫߡ
ǱװɣЩҲáƽҰ˵ҵҪʱš
ǣ
ƺѾѣ˵ҪԼǴϴԺ常밲ƽҰδֹֻЦҹ˯úܺãڸġ
Ǿͺáƺһͷ֮Ҳôˡȥȥ
ԼӵĹˣӰ̣ͷ棬˵͡
ƽҰ޹Ұؽӹȥ˵һһںã常֮ǰһ߳棬һлҳ
磬û˲ƽҰá
ǵȻ׿ҵĶطƺЦЦɽ常ӲɻϿڣ
ţǡô
ƺۣȴ̽Ƴ˹ɽһۡ
ƽҰ˼ˣȻ㽫Ƶƺǰ磬ҳԲˣҳ԰ɡ
СԲµĶƺɨƺΪ⣬ʣµԼУ߶ţѽԵèʳΪŲҸ˵
һȳӣٲҪ˱˾Ͳ˼鷳ˡƽҰЦ˵
ȸû£Ϲĥƺ˸ɾۡһ£ĨĨ죬ൽʱˣȥɡ
ѾڵµţĻЩףƺϳģٷϮļ
ƺɽһͬǰǼ׷嵶ʣڹǰ龯衣
òʱһƺڴ׾ڣҲ˵
¶һĨЦһ⸱ģعѾʵԸǧװһǣҹΣģ̫αЩô
ҾôҪӣҺΣƺߵǰǼǰ˼üŭĿ
ɽֳϣɹƽҰǰӿŵȻͱѿ֮ˡ֮£Ƿ׼׵
ߵͷѾ˳ɽˡ
½ɣ֪ھǵĲˡ
ƺ䶢һֱ룬߾ʲôûٵ¶ô쾢ֻܲҪЩؼҸӵͻô򵥡
³ɣ̫ӼλȻҪԶַǹôΪʲô
ѲɡҲڶҲսȨ
ģһὫսٸ˵ǡףƳƺһۣҲͬС
ƺһһߣ
˼ȷʵûжŸת뿪
˭֪û߳ԶƺͻȻЦӣͦүүźƣ߲ߵˣ
һơ֣ãűð̵ĺڵӴסڱǡ
ĸϡϴ˲֪Ӻδð˳ڹߵǰ
ǼΪ˻ӣһϢһ߸Ǵ
ƽҰ㡭㲻ţֻʼ䣬ͷƽҰŭĿӡ
ƽҰôſڱǣ顣
ƺ򻺻Ӱת˼£ɫϷҪ¶Ŀ
˵߸߾˵ֻಡһһһĨѪ˵ϡ
죬˴סˡ
ƽҰմѪؿƺǲǰһĻ
׿ӦбҶУ˶ߣץ˷š
ɽͻȻ˹ƽҰ˺ѷεĺ



177 
ŹƽҰĺ, ڴ򶷵˶סˡ
ټɽͻȻһƬţͷƤ顣
ɽӰ˺һĿӣѪӿֳĿ, ϵıֻ˫Բ, , ƺӾԼ֡
ƺվһߣŵӰ, ָ棬дֻմ˺ٵѪ
ۣ顣
ƽҰ˵ɽ, һȥסǵ˿ڣεѵغ㲻
ʱɺӣ˫ֶţմѪ, ŵػؿƺ磬ôΪʲôҪô
һͷϺϴȻӦʱһͷƺǰ, ѵľ䡣
ϴһקĲ, Ƿɱ˴ˣΪү𣿣
ƽҰǵͨ죬_ƺ, һһ߹Ѫ˫ֽƺ, ʹشʵ㡭ôɱҵ常һδζ, ΪʲôΪʲôôѪ
ˣƽҰƺ̧ӳʹؿǸ常ˣ
˻һڳ֮޲ȣֻйſڱǣ۾һĨЦ
ϴϲƺͷĵҲش¡
ƽҰãȻ˵ʲô
ƺвѪ˿ʹƽҰһѹ㲻ܡȥˣ常Ѿˣǰˣ
֪˵ʲôƽҰľȻɿ֣תֳϵġɽвκθ飬ҵǣǾҪñˣȴɱ
Ͽƺ⵽ô£ƾʲô˵үǼٵģ
ƺŹƽҰıӰƽҰĪҪٻң常ģԸ񣬴˴û˵ķݶҪɵҲֻɵ常ɵ㣡常ѾɱҵͷôܷŹң
ϴƺʲôһͬתͷߡ
ߴʱŷ֪ʱѾɢԭνĺƲ۷ûɱ
߷ߵطӣƺΪˣƽҰôø㣬㻹ܱѣ֪˵ǴãѪã
ƽҰɱƺְֳķϣΪǽڷףһֱڲΪҵ岻ãԲ
ˣ˵常Ҳ㡣ƺԼ̼ˣÿ˵һ仰ƽҰؿͱһ⻰ò˵常ɱϣûҪɱң㴦飬̿Ĵ룡
ƽҰ򶶵øЦˣ磬ڷҶĸô
ֻ㡭ƺۿˣ㱻ĥ⸱ģ
߼ʵ֣ǧ㵽ôģǷǸԭֱֻֿۣʵ̫ݣͲ¿ˣ
ҿֻһþˣƽҰѣƺͷԶԶŹߣŭǵĹ±úܺ˵شҶţ常ñˣ
常һֱҸ嵨ʲôúͨ͸ȻҲĸô껹Ϊ׳˵Լ֮ǰʱûΪ޸ʱ꣬ΪԼȥһ
ƽҰ˵ֻڽڴɱʵۣ̫ӼλӰ׳ãҲմʲô˺ֻ㵥뷨֪ǻʵڽ̣ӪͻʵжҪԴ常¿ȫΪһ˽ô
ƽҰָʶؿֳķ֣ٵָѪ죺硭ǻġ侭ô࡭
䣬Ҳ˵⸱ӣͬ𣡡
˵ЩˡƽҰͷ˻ƣûȷ֤ݣ㲻ɱ˵ġң©
ƺ̾˿常۲˹ҽ۲֭ķǰղ֪ûЩжϣɽգۼһ۲֭£˵Ƭ̣ػȫ
ԭƽҰͷЦûǧҾˡ
ô΢һ¡
ҽô࣬ϰߵ˼ʽѧôΩΩФҵָƵġƽҰת鱯ʹ۾úҪѪ
ؿƺҡҶˣôô᲻ţ
ƺߵƽҰǰʹؿƽҰ̫ѹˣԼһþǸ˵常ǵңֻԼŲǹµһˡⶼǼٵİְɣ𣿸뿪
Ҳ֣ƾʲôҪ֣ƽҰƺ𣬡磡Ҫ࣬Ҫѣãѹˣֻޣҵ˰ʵۺģȥɨս֪ըһ̲⣬ֻʣһֱۣΪ׸һУʵΪ˸źͿȫʬûУͨѹҪôԭ£ƾʲôԭ£
ΪӣΪﱨд𣿣
ƺ֣ƽҰӵʵҶҶԲƽҰѵʱûߣһ˾ô࡭常Ȫ֪һϣΪϣúûţػţΪԼ
ƽҰſƺؿںޣҪȥ
߼״ԣ߻ʹ˸ɫһȺ˻ˡ
ƺɨߵĶͻȻ̧ڹƽҰһιȥ
ϴʱŭҪʲô
ƺͷӵҶǴ󺰣У
ڣ
׿ӦһӦӵҶͻȻۡۡۡıըʯӦ䣬΢΢޴ĻڿտɽԵøģʮֺˡ
ƺ󾪣Уʲôˣ
磬ˣ׿ӦбűһŷѩӴҶǱϣһһߺǺը˲ըĵط´˻ף
ҶڲϷѵ죬ϵʱ󾪣ɽݣ
ԣ廤һӣһѸһͨȥ
ƺѹƽҰϴһǵӣȥ԰סţƽҰ˵һȥ˵ȥ׷ߣ
ҪͷϴҲ˲ô࣬ƽҰһ·ҴܽͨﲻӰ
ƺ׿ӦжһۣѸҶɿЩҶդϵҪ
̸һӿ
ȥ׷ߵ٣˿ڵһ̽ͷƺ׿Ӧ֣ߣ
ϴ͸խͨһɽѾû̾ͣ˽Ų
ϢϸƬ̣ϴ޺޵ģϵˣ
ϵô죿ȥ𣿡
ϴƫͷ˿ſڱϵĹƽҰˣľǹôɣ׷ŹӳȥڻȥҲûã߰ɣ
ԣƺ׿ӦкӴһ﹤ѭŹܵ·ߣҵһڡ
߼ȻҲϻţǴͨͨ·ȱҪЩҪȻЩֻ㲻ṳ̂ᷢ¼
ĳţƺҲ㲻ٹǣ׿Ӧкȥ׷ߵĳӣҪսٸ
ȣӦòʱ֣ܹټ⣬˶ʮУֻʱֻ̾Ѱˡ
ȻʩչṦ׷ߵټ˺ܾã׷ɽ·ȴʧȥӰ֮ʣÇNNͻȻѭȥһɽϿ񱼣ݳ֮ǹߵĻ֮һ
ƺ໥һͷʱ׷ȥǻæͷǼűҪɽ֣
ṦãסһԾ±ǻ󱳣ߵڵأϥǶסԷģֽ°жֽٳ˲еҩ裬ߡ
׿ӦиʦˮĶԾŴ졣
ô°ҲѾˣʮֵ⡣
ƺͣһ飬ûҵκӺ׿Ӧ˻ȥʣսٸĳأ
ǻŭĿԲƺһԲ
ƺƽû˼ʱ䣺Ҹ°ͽϣʲô˵ʲô
һ̧֣⻤λ˹ؽڣ˭֪˳˿ڿˮžҧԾˣ
ҡͷҲǸ֮ʿ
ʧȥˡ׿Ӧаյ
ƺˣǱɳעģ˱׼ԭҲûܴʳʲô
׿Ӧվߣɽ·һ£˫·ǲǺ췷𣿺֮ǰĲ²ǶԵģ
ϧҲûʲôˡƺɥҪߺ̵͵ôӹǶߣǱȻҲҪȻسҲ߰ɡ
ӽڼû̫ҪúһԸ¼ݳ׿Ӧƺദ
׿ӦдƺɫȷʵʮѿҲöԷһ˴š
ڳУ׿Ӧסƺļ򣬰磬µģڳˣ϶ܰսٸĳסٲûкָʹ԰æƽҰҲģϴ϶ĹỤסģڲûʲôҪ˺ԺǺúչ׵ġ
ƺ˫ĿȻشţһ㣬һֱŵһͻȻһɣǧͷмŭӣֻǵÿҪըѣֺǧѵͱͻȻѪӿסؿڣۡһһѪ
磡磡׿Ӧæסŵôˣ𣿡
洫ӵСҶǱ̫ãͷ̫ìܣԼŻˣ˵˵˵ͺˡ
̽ӵģ̩ɽǰ治ɫϰ˵һӦѹȥӦ֮ߡ̽Ҳ˰˭ҲģжѻµˣܲŻѪ
׿Ӧƺ۵ôΪԼʲôԸ˵˵ô
ƺ̫Ѩǳɫ۾Ѫ˿˶ۿе䣬ץס׿Ӧе֣ѵСҡѹ
׿ӦиоԼ˺ݺ߬һѣһʹƺڻһֻḧĺ󱳣ο֪סʹʹһɣһ㻤㣬Ժ󲻻ˡ
ƺؿڣ˾ҲţޣҸողһ²֡ø常һģһҡҾͺɱ常ƵġǲǡôôѪ飿
֪Ǽٵģɶ񣡡׿Ӧб޽ǣǶԵģ飬ƽҰڻ
ҰˣʹɣҡһܣöʧһҪܣҲһ룬ƭһΡ
ƺ૵ȪӿҾȲһֱ˺ҿſҵһˡôأôǶԵģ
磬㣡׿ӦпƺɽһԼССһţ۵ԸӣƽҰûô٣֪Ǹ˲ģȻôٰһĳ㵱ǼٵĹүʲôȨô
ƺ׿ӦУһɢʧȥɣɡ常ﶼģǱʵۺģҲܰһҪ˺ƽҰֹȥ𡭡ˣʲô桭ȥ常
׿ӦĦ֪һʱħˡ
ƺȻȻŵѡ񣬿ѡ˴Ժ󣬲ΪǷ˹ɽ͹ƽҰе
˵ģүǰ¸ֱˣ֪ͬƽҰľٶġ
ôȥؼһҵ˽𣿡
ǴǰүֻǺԩƽҰ˾٣˲۲۵ˣѵүڵ£İ𣿡
磬常֪Ҫʲô𣿡
ɹңҸ˰


178 Ĭ
Դӡɽ֮, ƺһȱ飬˱޴ʧ˺ţֱҪ˺Ƭ
常ţǼ, ǡ
ǹƽҰΪ˸, ˽¹, ƺҲֻʹھ, ΪֻԷǸӣֱĳޣһʱ֮벻˼, Ϊֳʲô취ֻܰ;
ǹɽƺ׿Ӧ˵һĵ, ļҲûˡ
չƽҰ˵ʵؼʵ۵ȷѪ𣬹ɽδ, Ҫ𲢲ΪƺǾã常СԼҾ, ɷΪΪǸҲַʽ
Ȼ뷨, 𡪡Ϊʲô᣿常ôѣԼڻ, ѵѪ
תһ룬־´͸Ź, 常䣬·ʽǲģ常ѵôã֪Էַˮôڰе¶ƽҰһ޾ĺҪ֪٣ôȦӻٳٲ֣Բ常ķ
֮ǰƺƽҰĿʱѾʹĲѣҪɡ常αԴĲÿһ춼ǻڵ
ƽҰԸú޻֮ǻһŻһеıڣƺԼĻ塣
ᷴĥТģʱʱԼǸˣǸҩɾȵӣҲһ
ΪԼҽҲãӱҲãƺãֻŪ常αȥǱġ
ԶƺŴӷ׷ҵĸ˼ҵһ˿ͷסͷһקɵ׷ױ¶
˼ĸӦƭˣ²ģˡ常֮⣬ûиоϵ
ٹ۲ƽҰ롰ɽ˵ദȻϸТиβס˿ƺϤľһϸ֦ĩڵĲԾӲ۾
ɵԽ࣬ﷴԽɣȻҲֻԶԣÿ常ƵȻ絶
ƺףƽҰһˣֲһ˷ǣĳĳˣΪ˵øôȻҪһ㣬ȨԼС
ƺȥҹɽ͹ƽҰ̸Уδ󷵻ԼҶڴͷƽ֮ȻӦƽҰ뷨ֲܴӦ̫һС
֮Ҷ⴫ϸ΢ĽŲЩأϴ߸ϣҪô˷֣Ҫô᳹ڲμǵеһ˱ŹƽҰŲѷ㶯
Ųߵͣˣ֮ƺԼ⴦ҶзףôֱӵƶϱǹƽҰһڵأҪڰó˽⡣
ǲǣϷǱġ
Ŷ׿Ӧ˵常ȥɱ˻ʵۡ
˵⻰ʱƺڴͷĿݶɨһۡ
׿ӦбѩҲ֪ҶвֹһףƺһԼҪ϶Էݳ
ͨĬһϷ˳꣬Ҳ٣ƺٻأ׿Ӧʱһɨᣬôֱ׺ݡ
ƫ׿ӦҲϲҰ޵һ棬̫˵ѹԼıԡ
ƽռ̣׿Ӧۣ㲻ڴϵʱҲΪԼҲ취òɾй
ƺ֪ԼܵܵǸˣֻΪϢչüп˽Ķϰ׿Ӧⷬٵıݣ㹻ùƽҰϯһǺƽҰ뿪ĽŲɿ׿ӦС
Ϣƽƺ׿Ӧжߣ˵Լļƻ
׿Ӧһͨ˵ɽǼٵģǾﲻѡ
ֻ¸ǽжûϸʣֻסƺ֣ͼܴЩůԷ
׿ӦҲףЩʹֵܷ࣬ģֻƺڿຣһܽɵĥ
Ϊζ̫ˣ׿ӦȲΪЩʲô
ƺӻɽڽṹͼԼҲȹ㣬˸ţҲ˼Ҫڣ֪˴ҶСȱըᴥס
ʱڹؼʱ̴ιƽҰƸϴ֮Ӧò⣬㰲׿ӦакӦԼźź׿ӦáʺҶըǵդһӣƣΪ˴ɽҪ̮ˡ
׿Ӧ֪ƺļƻУؼľҪƽҰ˲׳Ǵɱʵ۵ĸ
һûиƺ׼õġʺȷŵǴ󣬱ɽĴתƣɡùƽҰץסԼ⡱˵ЩԷԸĻô̼ƽҰҪץΪʡ
֪ƺ϶ͬ⣬Ҳ׼ȰԷĸ壬ֻƻϲϱ仯죬ߵĳǸ⣬ȴƺ˳ƶΪĻᡣ
Щƺȹ߲ܲڴ˰װ˷ʱ䣬ԲŴжڹͻȻ֣»
һƺù߽Ƕ޳£ƽҰ̸˳Լ常֣ǰҪѹ߸ɵ
ҪƽҰš
׿ӦҲûҪʵҪԹ̹ƽҰƺ˾ٵΡ
ƺȻϣĿ֮£ֲǿҷԣ⹦һ
׿ӦпеҲԼļƻļϵİаôΪԼðգ
šɽ͹ƽҰͬ飬ƺҲ֪ʱܸ£׿ӦкһӦʲôΣգ㱻ʱǡʺըդܰƻӳ
֮£ƺڵͷ
ֻһСС⣬׿Ӧвƺ
ϴ͵ӵҶ֮ʱҶһ飬׿Ӧвصǰʺˣȷ޷֮󣬲ŰҶڵդϡ
׿ӦΪ˼תҪԼͲ䵽زӰ쵽ļƻôźã
Һ˵ǵĴ㣬Цƶ̣ڲҶͳһ
һһôЦ˵£Ҳû׼ģ
׿ӦĹԷеĻأʱŷһܡ
֮ǰ׿Ӧᵽġ֡ƻʱ˳С⣬һСƵСףʺЧ࣬ҪǿһЩͷ˴ķ۳ƺܡ
ͷӸⶫ˸ֽСž͹ġ
׿Ӧлĵаһըô죿ʱǲ˵ˣ
ԼĶҵȻ⣬һѻ.ҩŪЩͳˡ˵˴ڲͼҸƺģҲ
׿Ӧвգգۣʲôڲͼ
Ӽ˵©죬ʱڲԡ
׿Ӧкܿ췴ӦӵӲģʲôʱͨһģôΣյĶȻ˵
ѽͷŰɣһ˦ӣֱ֣׳ش˴ţΣյҪܹѵ
׿ӦĹģͷĪ
аɣֵĻᡣ
Ҳ֣ټʦͷӺر˵
ǡЧȡʺöˣ󣬻ﳾɷн£׿Ӧлڷ۳ڻ£ûƺҶ׼õıȡ˳ŸӴȥ
һͨڹȻסϴһˣʱȥˡƺҲԸŹߵټӳûзսٸĳ֮⣬ƻʵʩûɹ
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Դƺûô޹ЩʱգǱ˵ĹٲͷţҪ군ǡʱһҲǧܽеĿദǲ˸ɾ
˯ãо޴ģƺû׿Ӧл･˯ȥ
׿ӦСرϰһ˫չڳţǺܲӣ΢΢ÿ뿴ǵĶˣϣܿǣĴ̸һɡ
д಻֣ĶĶǴԼһʱٷ帽
ʱͷӵСҶϷһˣ᲻ǵģ
׿Ӧһʲô
ʦֲǧۣ壡
ƺ˹ӦǵˣҪϴǣ϶ϳʦ
ͷӦͣ
űһͣ·ߡ
ƺ˯ᱳۣ˳ᣬ׿Ӧнںţˤˡ
ȷʵһˣɵûͦߣڸ߿лȦţһֲҡָ˵̬ǳһûˡ
ƺһҲ˲Ͽ˭ָڡಡشһʱ˵ע⡣
̧ͷţ׿Ӧл˷ܵسŵ˻˻֣϶ȻתҲܼбб¸壬ܿǲԶ
˫ǲԼͬس

磡ƺ׿ӦС
ջسᣬ£ɴѱѵƺ˽ʵʵӵһ
ͷתƣΣգƺֵּġ
ٺ١ֱ֣ҷɵøߣעأǻ쵰ϸֻܰˡ
վһźЦԭΪ׿Ӧиƺ֮û뵽ҲȻ¶УΪˡ
С˰ˣҲѣˡ
׿Ӧ˷֮࣬ץʣһ˳ôб𣿡
ң
һ˴Ǻ󷽵һԵңعһƬҶԵʮְ硣
׿ӦЦŻͷʱڵףô㣿
ӴڣĵӴ˳ˣСҶ˳Բˡ
ڲšᡱߵ׿ӦиǰⶺС˶๫̶ûӰ˰ɣôǳ𣿡
׿Ӧ֪ƶݺݵصҲֱС
Цݸ룬ǻӰ˼
ԱƺһѣЦǷñ˼Ǻޣ
ᵹǺãҲ˹ˣǲǡᡯôû⡣ЦЦеɬļͲӡ
ǲԴôҪٳãƺ٩䣬ָʹģ
ۣǰ¶еôָʹõɱʣϾǣؼңֳȥܻүͽǴ֧Ӧŵ
Ǿ̫ˣ˲أƺͻȻʲôˣ磬תƶˣ
һͳˣʱʱͣĸʱҪ˫ٷ帽
ûзִ˫ȥĳӣٵʮƺ룬ս𿪣һ͵װټսٸʮࡣ
ھеڣûüƽҰսٸʲôģֻǵʱʶ˻»ɣܼʱ¹ߣԲûٸʵס
˭֪Ͱѹ߸ˡ
ڶһۣɵδгӳֻ֣мɢ϶
׿ӦҲһ£û𣿲߲ܰװ𣿡
ûУƺɵɫʱϾ᲻û
ҡҡͷԲᣬϵ۾͸Ƶģ޲һһǹ⼸ɽ壬Ҹŷ죬۾з紵Ϲˡô˵ɣ˴ɽǿɽ·Ӳǵۣ
սٸսȻҪҲﴩУֻɽ·ûӦþûС׿ӦеǷֿߵأ磬Ϲж
粢࣬Ҳѡ
ƺʣʲôʱ
ڴ𣺡δʱĩ
ƺӻͳСһָָʱĩȵʱ
ʱɫ࣬Ҳ֮Сɽڲչ⣬ֻƾ軳вοʱ䣬ƽҰȻͷֽš
ϸ룬ҲӰ첻ʲôƺԼˣΪԼʤȯգû뵽ԷҲ׼
ڴչȥӴʲô
׿Ӧнŵؿƺ磬ǲǸˣ
ƽҰӲϳģ賿ҹѾˣƺЦЦһֱΪǣƽҰûŹң


179 
ƺ֪, ʵҲǹƽҰĿ顣
ʵƽҰӳ£ֻҪƺܼʱϵǸϱá
ģƽҰܹ⳵ӱ, Ӱ쵽ƻ
, ҹѵܹദ, ǸĻ̥һϷˣ뷽ŵ, ԵöôЦ
ʵ˵ͷƽҰԼŹɽͨɱʵһԭ򡪡ǶΪ֮ʿ, ױԼ
ƺܲ˵ԼǱթǹƽҰҲȷɲ⣬ڼϹı, ǰҲʵ
׿ӦٶŻѪæס󣬰οⲻĴ, йˣôܻȫűˡ
ںһͷˮ, ʣ׳ʲô£Щ챻
׿ӦƺƽҰ˫׶ɽ˺ܴһǻ, ǵϳǶԽɽ϶Ҳʳӵ¶, ΪѾɱʵ۵սٸ˳ɽǱֱ, û뵽ȴԷһǰˡ
ɽڿգڵɴۣ뷨
ƺ磬ôŵģֻ⸽ѰҹǲǴүͷ㣿֪ûӵټ
ᵽ磬ֳһĨΪ֮ɫ
ʲôˣƺ𷽲Ļһ˵ϸѵץ
̾˿ʵǣץˣ͹ڸü
ƺ
֪ΪΣͻȻװ࣬˺֣ڸݶʶƣҿֵͻȻ־ңҪȻҲ޷ڴ˼ˡƵ
׿Ӧ룺ⲻ⣬ǲƶ̫ӵôƽҰҲ̫ʹԣӦ˲ıϡ̫ҪʵλƽҰҪɱʵۡǰƽҰٰպǰҲڰƽҰ߽չ˳̫ӱලȰѳſסĲϺٽǴһ򾡣Ӱǵļƻ
һ˵͸Ա߼ȫĬˣոյط֮ϲӰ٣ֱѹ
̾ǸƽҰʵ̫ɵˣⲻΪôһСģᱻ̫Ƴȥһƽ񣬺οҪΪЩȨڻң
סۣںЩˡƺʵ磬أ
СԺסţȥáᡯʱ򣬿״̬Сǹˡ
Ժ⻹ۿţ
ţº
ƺ룬ЦϺڣ¾ͺڲˡĿǰƽҰһģҲΪãⲻץ飬ֻҪȥͨ׳
ģǳƽﶼô۲۰ŶԴۡڲͷӺףǡᡯãֻɱˣЩơ
׿ӦĵΪӲʹ
ô죿ʡ
ƺɨһۿյɽ۾˼ţƬ̺۵ƽҰ˵Ū˹·飬Ӷ̶ӣսٸϾߵĽΪͻҼмսЩᱻ͵ڡ䡣
ƽҰ˵սٸ½·غ̵ϣսǲҪˮ·ȻĻܾţҾƽҰΪ½·ȷʵȫϾҪˮﱻˣ׼սٸҲûˡ
Խص׷½·ϵ̶ӣ֣ˮ·Ͼͽ״磬׷ɵ٣Էս㲿ĻüǺţᣬݾߡ
ڵͷû⣡
ȻҪΪ̫ӴҵݻᱣЩƽ·ûĻӦѾ˹ǣҲþǲСƺǻҪȴүͷ㣬ֻܸӲӲ
ЦӲӲҲ£ǸһٵԸЩ۸ڻ¡
ƺҪŵùңԴһжվڲԶһֱûͻȻ
׿Ӧʦ̫Σˣ
ЦЦ֮ǰʲôģҴ̫ܿܲУǲ̽ıӦûʣһЩ˵Ṧϲ˺ȡ
ҵȻŵùʦƺЦң˸ҽܣʦλҳŵֵܣλǽѣڡ
һӹּ
߹ЦǺǵͬǻ񣺡ϵӣǿйߵͬ磬ʮǰҲǸ̽ӣڴףնȥԵֻһ룬һͽܰܿĹӣϣ޺ãӴսҡ
׿Ӧô˵ͻȻۿᡣ
˴αµУԸҲүһᣬΪʮǰʹ׵һ˶ϡһƵЦǶλҵݣϵҲӣҸطһ㣬ǻʤ
æǰɱô˵ǰ֪֮жϣܽн̵ֱǰȻҲͨ͸֮ˣ绢
ҲҸΪ˹ͬĿ꣬Եһʹûʲô鲻ġ
ƺ˿׿ӦУѯ׿Ӧ۾ˮ˸ƺһͷ
ǺãʦһжԺʦ͸һڹڴ̽ȷϳǷ뿪취ȥ״紫ϢƺϣҺͰڳðͷ̽ķ֮ǽϼһ£취Ի󣬰鱨ָʹͳȥϣ̶Ӿ·迨飬⻹һ֧Сӣױƽǰ
ɵǱߡ
ãȻҪã˶ţźԻԷǾƻҵϸС
ʲôʱȥȴүС磿
ƺƬ̣Ѱǡʱ
ɭϣ⼸նûнǣڳסƺһҲʱǰ
ȥ·ϣںҲӸҪͷݳˣӳͷ̫ơ
ĸүǶѱͲĳ˸ƺľƣû໰׿Ӧа⼸յ򵥸˵˵
ٹɽ֮£û˵ʲôڵզƽҰǷ˰ɣ¶ôɣҲ֪ͷӣ
ƺۣë۵״һƬӰס⼸ĺȦ˼常̫֮⣬Ǿã常ұ㲻ˣһȥɱʵۡ
ǿ˹үҲ㡣ĺү𣿡
ƺص˵ͷһʼΪ
ϾҲϣ常Ի˼䣬ֻһ΢Ŀԡ
̾˿ǻ϶ܻˡǹүŶԸףܳʲôԭ򣬶ԵǳžǸЦ
׿Ӧпƺŵ۽΢΢ʪ۵ס֡
룬ͻȻǰ̽ʵǹүΣ
ûƺشСȺݺݰ׿Ӧһţ˻ôֶֶŵģ
׿ӦޱصҲ׵ضΣҲʵó
Ұڱۿسᣬ첻ߵ԰ټҷģûʲô飬˭Ҳҡһʲô鶼ֵۣǾ͹ˡҴӾҲǱΣûǳôҸ嵨ɽҿЧҲֻЧֵܣЧҺָʹ뿪ô꣬ھֻЧԼġ
ƺЦϵСҾܲˡԸүңҰʲôһһ徲Ķá
׿ӦƤЦⲻЦүԸ
صձڵĲƴڻ嵭˲٣׿ӦбƺϢںʱʱ䣬ܿ͵
ƺǣűϴ͸ϴߵĹƽҰȥ԰Ѱǵټˡ
ƽҰ˳ӳ¶֪ˣǲ޵ץأͱӲǰˡҺһˣǵضҲ죬ǰԭƻٽǡ
ƺ룬ҲȥùƽҰ԰ĿԼڣԼҲûҪǵһˡ
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Ȼϣȥ˲ʱˣƺ԰ڲû˻ĺۼ»ذҲˣûˡ
׿Ӧаӳ˰ѵã˿һ߲һʣƽҰ᲻ҵأ֮ǰǲûи˵»صṹ
ᡣսٸҪƽҰڴ˶ҲûҪ׷ɱҲûҪ㵽ȥɽо¶ȻȵҪֻ̨ƺȵȫǽǴǽ͵ƭˣӦӼǺңҵĻǶŵġ
ǽǴӰ谵ƺüĿģͳԵʮįѹ
֪Լ÷ιƽҰ뿪ǸʱԼҲֿ˼ٹɽ֮ϴ͸ҲûϣҲֻҪ£ܳսٸӣû뵽ԼҲ˰һ
׿Ӧп£߹ȥԱߣȫǳޣֲ˭Ǻ˭ǻˣ룬Ҳƭﲻ֮ú˵άĿǹүˣͲˡ
ǹƽҰ治ǸˣҿƵǵ»أҪУҿûӳһߣ빾˹˴ڹˮȻĨ˰ߵˮգˬЦһμУҲ֪ʲôطȻͿʼǰ˺üҡ
ƺ常ǰҪĻؿܣƶ
뵽ƽҰ˵ĺ׵СżҲΪιɽҪؿܡ˷Сż裬ؿܾͿ¡
湻ġڵҿǼͷǿյģ㹻װһˣܴ𣿡
ƺٶȽͣƽҰȼ常һܴϵĻװã֧ȣʱط˵ƽҰо׼о⣬Ȼܲ䵽ԭȱǲЩ֮û׼ܱ
ᡯôֲ࣬Ƿ£԰ɣ
ǵĳỹǵÿָƽҰʵ常һ룬˶ƺ˵ЩźҪܵʱ˳סᡯͺˣܿճ˫֣ˡ
׿ӦЦһϲ
ʲôᡯôôŤڹЦҪ𣿲ô֮е
ҲЦҿԼˣ
ᡯȫûҲǺ¡ԭһֱģ֣Ҳû죬ͻȻ˿ڡ
ƺֱӣʦΪô˵
ƽҰŪǸʲôըܶΣԷɵʱҲըը˹ܶˡӵ밡͸ҵĵ¯Ƶģּ꣬϶εԣֵҲȶҪôֱƻ𣬷ȥֱֱϵҪôͻըѣ˾ʹӿбըըˣҲֻеˤķݶʵҲǽЩӲȶһЩ
׿Ӧƺһۣϴλġ
ô˵ڵϴŰȫ㡣ڸ̾ǼкãҪǴ֮ǹ룬սʱռˡ
˵׿Ӧһ磬ƽҰ˵սٸǲǾǶԴɱʵۺôȥǾضȫˣǲǻʤ㣿
ƺ룺˵öԣⶫսʱ㣬ǰֵǣáҽǽ࣬ôȥ˵Χסһֻ־ܡ
ƽҰûʵ۳ʱɱأ׿ӦֵȻ̫Ӧϣ˵Ҹϻʵ۳
ҡҡͷҾǲףϼ֮ȻҲǹ룬ֵܵס北ǱϾж㣬ɴɱ֮Ѹ룬Ǵɱ֮ǰأж۵۵ģûʹݾˡʵ۳лڶ࣬ûӣҲסǼС
ļ򣺡Ǹ㰵ɱģľװǼҿǲɡ
ֱǼҿǲɣųƽҰĶȻҲ֮Ϊսٸƺ˳򣬼ҹɫʱˣжɡ


180 
ҹ˾, СԺһƬס֪ΪΣһ֪˴˿Բ֪ƣ룬ڽиͣⰲҹˡ
ĩ, , ƫɽ, ֲ꣬˴, Ҫסݺݵһ
ֳڴշת, ˯ţԱߵȻҲ޷ߣӣţ๫, Ұһȣ㾲ģһͺˡ
, ԼȰɡ鴩, һȣŷ磬ͷ, һҲȣ˯
, Ҳӣҡҡͷ, 㲻˯š
Цһؼҵʱѵ㶼һҹŵ
һʱһʱߣҪǲңҾ;ùߡҲߵ£˹ָЦ๫̫ղô
ôᣬ๫ңҲҪĲǣ
Щɬصͷ
𣬲֪᲻һأһˣϲˣ뿪ô
Ȼô᣿ѾΪޣҵȻҪǼˣ̸α䲻ģϲϲôͷ룿ҷ֮߳๫ҪҸϳȥ
һˣ͵ݡؿֻҪпԣԸ̹ףûɶҶԭ㡣
ģ۽޲˲΢΢£ǲֱ
ġ
仰Ҿ֪ˣ˸๫ЦҰѾȡɡ
ȥ˵㡣
һȥԺȻҲģȵҹ㹻Ƣ
ݶϵۻˣ죬ôǲͷļ˼飬˱Ժ
ų˼ڣѻ𣬵ʱһ
ͻȻ֣ͣôˣ
Ҫȥһˡվߡ
ಽظ󣺡ڣⶼѾҹʱˡ
ţʱյϢ
˽ݣףվһԣЩ֪롣
ǡȥûһʣʶ˻ɡ
鴩ѣǽϵĵ̫ǳԶţİɡ˾˯ҡ
˵ߣ׷ԺĿıӰȥ
ݳԺ顣
鱻죬Ϥٻ˷ܣݺǼЩд֡
ֵܣŴ룬һˡ֡
æ񣺡硣
ԺۼˣҲûʣֻأҲûյҪֹһͷ󷽷뿪
ôְгȥҲ⿴ص˵ߣҪԻģұթ
СŴսʣ磬ʲôô
ﲢδ𻰣ʣ⼸ɻã
ţûʲô£ǰһҳҲûţ˵ĴѰǵټҲܣڼšʵʵʣүͷȳô
ûУš
ҹǴȥ𣿡
飬ҲʲôΣա￴һۣͷǸô
һͣͷš
ģζ
ӱŶԷĿ⣬˼Ƭ̲ŵİ磬ҵӣһῴ
Ҳ㲻ٶʣ̧ԾԺǽԶȥԽ˴ǣһСﴦͣ¡
ѾʮھΣһ·ҲûҶʲôʵʵߣڼİطһʱЩãȻһȦ󣬲㷲ʵ磬˵ʲô
Ѿߵβǰߵ·ԺĴס¹⣬һƬʲô
ˡԼǺڰȥ
Ī٣˭
飬ҡƺӺڰ߳¹ճһ΢Ц
һ㶣˹ȥ˺׿ӦСӺڣʵʵرסƺ
磡һ˿ǻԲ֮ǰøô˵Щÿ춼㣬ֲܳȥ㣬ˣ
ƺû뵽Ӧô׿Ӧļ򣺡˺ˣⲻû¶ôһسǾˡ
ŷſƺ˺󼸲ظ׿ӦдкָӼ񣬿Ҳڳһ£磿
ǳ洫ޱôЦλСʤ
˭˭ˣǼӲ
Ʋ죬ɷнµŵͷǰ
飺
ƺһ˼ֹˣˡ˵°ɡ
˲᣺Ը㻹𣿡
ɵϣʲôʱˣЩȨ֮ƣпƺ˴ţǲ㣬ʲô
ַ̧ĵ磬ұ֤ϺȣһжԳŵΪأԼ£ҡһá
ãҲͲ˷ʱˣҺͰ⼸ƽҰµȻͷлٸ㡣ƺƽҰһɱԵҪǣǵ֮ҪЩᰵƾǼʵԿ⣬ҪϢ͵ָʹæ
鵱ȥͣң߹·úܣԲ
ƺҡҡͷβȥ
Ϊʲô
һ̫Σգץ˷ʹүȴû㣬϶ǻ֮ȥš׿ӦеŲţһ뿪Ǳ߾ѾյϢˣ
ָ֪𣬴˿Ҳٱ粵ͷҡ簲š
ҹһˣϷǿǵע⣬پҲһ棬ϰ¡ƺ岻֪ǣΪţȥͣΣҪʹһ
磬һ·ʱضǣǱǶȦӣǺ󣬻п״ǻϣʱֱȥҺָʹȥ״ǻϡ
׿ӦнӿڵһǿŷأϲҺͺ磬ʱǵעǱ㲻֪ʵϢѾͳȥˡ
죬˵ʲôû˵ִͷ
ƺļ򣺡񲻷ִСҪ̫֮ΣգһҲģ˴νΪ
ҶİɣҶú񡣡ᶨ
ƺЦЦ㡣
֮鷵СԺƺ
Ǻ󣬼Ƕһ飬ҲûпɵĳӣǼ϶Ѿǡ
Ѿͷ꼻ͨһϢ˳㽫ͷĴֻ̽һҲûʲôɵ̴
͵þϢݸӽʱ迨飬Ҫǳ뿪ĹϽΧ׷ˡ
Ӳֿͷ߲ͬ·ǸǺ롣
ڳɭϣƺ׿Ӧһ¶棬ͷӰӣһֻ˦βͣʵ¶һûɳɣڰְʵ˽겻
׿Ӧе磬ǻϴݵİ취˳·
Ӧ׼²ɣβܣȺǲ׷ƺ
ʣƺСֵܳһˣλεظ¶߻жӣͲǶ֣
ƺгᣬʱıƻǵʹǰһᰴһ棬𲻻Ṧı飬鶨ܲ
Ҽ̬ȣӦǷݡ׿Ӧеҿ涯飬뱣
һƺҲˣ֮ǰ֪ܲסǻĵǶġ
⺢ˣ뱣ƺΪʲôһˣҲٵѪԸ飬ҲǶԵ
Ĳ£鶼⣬ʲô˵ġ
ƺͷţ㹻ұ㲻İȫһиõڣȻǶԳģƽҰӦҲ˺Ҳιߵ˺
׿ӦвƽҰ˽ºйأҪմϿ϶˵壬ȻҲѸ£ò͸ֻ֪ҪòСԺţȻ͵͵ͷű˴ɱˡ
ұˡۺӣͷ
˵岻֪ǣ⻰е㵣ġڵϾָʹҲΪ˽ˡҾϵܵʱ¶֣
׿Ӧ룺֪æΣֽҲϲǵòֲƵĻǶǣӦⲻ󣬱졣
˵öԡƺ֣ǲŲߣҲûۣ̫࣬Ϊͺá
һЦ¶ڰС˶˵ɶ㶼öԣ̫ӹ˰ɡ
ƺһȭΪ˵þǶԣ¶ˣǼĴ
׿Ӧиһ񣬸ƺĽŲˡ
ڣ٣ЦҲУ
ҪȥԱӳ˳ӣϵʿǳϿҵʵֵܣ㵽ôҼСҶˣһû˭ô
ӺףǲǡСͱһôͱҲͽܺܿͱһôҲ㳶ƽ˰ɣ
ŶҶˡӳͬؿڣƽǲܳƽģСֵһ㻹ͺС˶ͽᷳô⺢ӱҲĿ㻹ףһһ׼Ժڣɡ
˵գͷһ̾ҡͷˡ
ڣ
ôôأСǣСǷƵýȥ
---
һţˣȥӭӹĵǽϣ½
ΪҪԺŻĻϲʲʣҸ㵹ˮȡ
ͷšȵˮҵøϽ˯ˣԼĪʱîʱĩҪԶţ˯һʱ񡣡
ôżϴ㲻˵ǰң
ҲɲҰģӱͻˣ׼ʲô
ȥϴεĵط𣿡𲻽ʵ
鿴һۣæͷ˵Ĳѽûˮˣȥˮ
˵Ҵȥ
ӰˣȵľС
š
Ƭ̺ŲﵹˮģҲ
˹ˡȵü˵ףԼϣʹ˲һĨվȥʰеĶ
æȥϢɣ
УװҵԼաȡٴڴһ飬ע⣬һŰٽⵤ
ǲˮжųǶҩӦҲֻҪ׻ҩӦƳ¶һĶ
ԭΪʲôʣΪʾûģֱ⣬ףʲôʣΪʲô֪
֪ǳţ֪ڲ˺͹ƽҰֻҪԼߣ۲ԼľٶƶϳҪ
αضأױ¶
⼸֪ԼжôЦǵԼִ֣Ǽֱ˼ҡ
ȫ޲ǲܽԼʧܣŻ˿ܴҶĲ¼ɡ
룬ԼôԳƳţñһŪڹ֮ϣԼʵذȢӡ
öӾȻϼ޸Ҳܴˡ
иĶ˵ҳϣٶ˵ֵܲһɡ
Ķ˵ʲôأ
һ㲻ģ׼ĻˣҲпԵġ
֪£ǲǾͲ˵Ŀˡ
ãֻҪԼ֤һ񲻳ҲԼʲôˡĴ
ҳ֮󶼲ˣֻҪԸһҲԭǰ˵һطƽƽӡ
齫õĶѸٱã㵽ȥţ߱ߵҲǹˣŻͦͻȻˡ
ⶼʲôʱˣܲôӣЦӯӯڴߣ๫Ҳ˯ˣӣîʱҽ
泯Ժ˯
̤ʵ˯
ӣһ磬ȴɢеĴ
۾첲±Է
һֱû⻹ˣҧǿţ´ʲô
ԼҩˣӦǻжɡƵ롣
ʲôҲǼ¡
ǹûһǶˣļ򣺡๫˯ô
šôˡ
оչһ磬űСʵҪȥʲôѽ
пһֱøҧס촽ŬԼ侲Ƭ̺װԺָʹš
Ƭ̣ʵȥͣһ𣿡
ˣ絶Լװȥת˸𣬡˭
˵磿ĺ磿


181 
ҧҧ, ŽںͷɬסװһšҲȥиȥۣԷ, , ҡ, ҪһС·˭ҵҡ
û, һһµشӣʲôˡ
תס֣, һɡ
һôճˣ̿Ļ㲻ô
ȡӱ, šˡļϣ뿪
ĬƬ̣ҡţҲǡ
𣿡ϵ, ȭͷ
ͻķСƭ, ԭ𣿡
Ǽ˲򢣬ôƭҡ
Ҳû취ӰҴ̻֮Ϊ֮, ҲŴӦ¡ЩʣҲϲ㡣ҵһ, ҿɼġһΣԸͨ˼, װ׵㡣
ɵϡۣװǻӣԼ֪ǰο𣬻Υĵ£пԵİɡ๫ᡢỤ㡣
ҵӣȻҪġ
ҺҲˣһһʱδܲᡣ
һʱܿȥˣ鱻ѣһ۱ŵ˷ζ
Ϊ࣬һ̼֪˶ͣ㣬ʳָ󶯣ñ˳ԣ̻ʳ˺üֺȵ˵ࡣ
Ǿý֮¹ͶܽѣһɨգȣһͳǾû͸òˬ
ʰ֮ͣ߻ûзϵźţЩѰⲽ߷ֵֽյ룬ڰͷ߹ȥһſհ׵ģݲ˼īһ֧ʿʼд
𽫷ϴһţѹ˼֮¡
װûģûһ£ʳ˿ڣ๫㡭㷽дʲô
ͷЦЦûʲô
ĪҪҡץס֣ĵҶˡ
ֲдģˡװ͵
ƳʣǸҵģǸ˭ģ
ҺģģֻǽЩ飬ûʲô˵ġգ˼롣
ԭûʲôţ´ȥΣգһԼǻЩ־ƺҲԼ¡
Ȧˣܲ˼ȥǲǺΣգҪҪȥˣھ߰ɣ
ɵѾͷӣ̰๫ҲҪţ
Ҳʲô̰ȡôû˰ֻҪúûţ
ͷغȰǵĹأζŴ˴жжΣաڼԹԵһ
ţôôĹء
䣬ͷһ㽫ٴϵãǽȡ嵶ЦЦˣ𣬱룬һжõġ
첽ܹȥӱס๫
˺ˣŪøƵģŲǿ֣תһ£΢Цųȥ
װһͬ뿪תȥȴͣСԺķⱻݶϵۿ顣
ʣôˣﲻô
ҡҡͷ磬һ¡
Ҫȶã֮²˳١
ҧ촽ԥƬ̵ˣ߰ɡ
Ѹ뿪ݺύһΣ˦˱ŵߣҲûԼСԺﴫ
Ժۻأ໥佻ͷӶ
ôһ͵ã
ǣ๫ǰŸճţô
ô˵˼Ҳˡ
ߣ֪ö࣬ʲô֪֪治֪ģ
---
ڣһĿ״Աͷ׵֪
֪ΪϹٳ֮ȻҪȫ弩ͨԽѽȨöɸ壬Ը˶ָʹǲԼֵС
ҲûҪڸǰΣղʮĬ
˵ָʹ޵Ҫץˣ֪˱Ҳ밭ۣû뵽Էһǰɣһ˽֮ϡ
ʲôȰţ嶼֪һ䣬õӦʣŰȥ
֪Ȼ˼Ҳָ֪ʹʵҪιý֮͢£һԽ޴֮
ǧ֪֮Ӧͷ˵ᡰִ࿴ۣҭ
ѹʵ̫ټȣƵܣ֪ĿڱƣźĹٷԼһСʣϹǰЦ󷽡
ܽǰϥأֻ㱨ָʹˣ̽յ˴δ֮Ϊƺ׿ӦУϲӦαװţͼҷ׷ƻ
ָûŷ֣鱾ԤӣʱҲӦˡαװҵļƻǹ߳˴θϢشƺëͷСȥҲ¡ӦҲʦһ档Ŵˣô
֪ͻȻĪһ£Ӳź¡¹ٲȫƾָʹ
ŴǫˡЦЦתͷԴȥƺ׿ӦжˣܽǷųȥڳŴˣԼųݾߣ·٣Ǻס

ȥ
˭֪ſڣͻȻȵȣ
˻ʲôԸϽͷ
˫ü΢Ҽǵùÿջ㱨˵֮ƣ
شˣСԺòȷˣ罺ᡢα
ʢǳź󱸾Ͼ鲻Ӧ˼ƣ𣬷򲻿ܲ¶šվⲽ𣬲Ǳ˴¥ŮӣѵļһĶ鶯飬ôṩ鱨ŶҪۿۣ
壬˵ȷʵ֣鲻ʱҲԺ﷢غһ㻶ȸԾǷ飬װҲס
󣬻˵ͷֿ֪ŴˣЩ󡣡
֪æָʹ뽲
ɣһܣ鱨ġƺ϶ᰲȥţӦص㶢ƺ׿ӦС
ڶƺ䲻𣬵ȴؿƿҲ֪ԼýԴ䲻⣬ţֻһ裬㲻ҩ׻Ȼ鶯ģΧˣ鱨˼٣ʵдؼʱ򵹸ꡣҪص㶢ģӦ顣ϵؿ֪ŴˣֿԸ󣿡
֪ʮΪѡ
ͣŶͷϵĺŷѯ˵״Էеʲô
Ƭ̺¶˾Ƶأ̧ͷ壺ƺΪţǹƶˣѡ䲻ĿԸЩǶ飬ȻҲֻűˣϧ۸鱨
üĿչ΢΢Ц֪һӢͬ
ָ֪֣ʹˡ
ĻƺȻڰл飬Ա֤˳뿪ǣؼʱ̣ϧգٱע⡭ٿЦݣԴȥţ֮˳ǣҪʱ԰ٰΪѣƺʱɼȥ;٣ɾʱһ£
һ֣
Ŀʹ뿪ʱﻹڴȣˣ˭أǵ˼ƺô
---
ϵϵĵط׹ݵڵһͬ
˼ʿۣʦүҲΪͨ˿֮ʲôӡ
ֻ飬˱㹴һЦŴ˸åڣʱȫޣС磬ɫ
ͷкűҪ߳ţ
ſܣ嶨ҪӱߣǷֶ֮·ڰ档ǽߣӻͳһСڴվű𶯣Ҹݡ
ʱӺͬ߳
ο࣬곤װ磬ԼʮꡣȻȴе˼ۣԵһ㣬ƼݣһܵĲӡ
˶˸С·
꼵ﲨ۵ĴפҲӳųȥڳϣűС·ڵԲȥ
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۽ʱʱһϼۣʣƽҰĳӻûҵô
ţ˵ˡ̾һҹ嵽֣ʩչѵò㳹ס
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Ȼ֪Ϊʲô죬СҾƤӵ´ţǽûҡ
⵹Ҳǡڵͷ
˵ţһģ˽ŲҴҵܵ£һ۶˼䣬ɫصص˵ͷִҴȥ
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ĲȻϸǿθߴӶһҲûץֻŲùҲ֪Ҫʲô
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һ۰·ϸϸػصؿ˺ü飬̽ĿشǲϷУԱһָȥվš
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ⲻĻЩסҪ϶ס
ڼСǶˣﲡΣڸŻȥ̽¸ϲ˼һ棬үŅ֣̀ǰȥ
кµڼôһ黹ǰߣ˵ǰô°ôϰ춼ǻżأ
ǰŶӣҼҺӶˣ
пɵܲܿ߶վúߵĹ
õںһߣȵȵȣߵǰߣ򿪣·ó
ｹ꣬˵ү⵽ô£ǵ·ţôͲùǸ˵
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Ա߰ǻæĥѲﴩˣ
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һ㰴ͷִУϽԱͬŵǼߡ
·ͰӵڻҲùɣ
ں鱧ŶϽٱ˸æع˳š
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Ѹת֮ʱͻȻЩԾ·ϵ˲֪ʲôʱʧһɶתͷòͣһַڵϣɫƵؿ
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ৡؽ嵶γһȻѾϳҴҲǡ
ߡһǳű´󲻼٣ҾͲһܵʮ
һǼǼ
ƺӿд½Ƿɵ׿ӦСԣ˱ŵؿΧЩò͸
мˣǳǱӦҲ¶ˡ
׿ӦսѩЦ£ֻҪȥ˽Ӧ
ۺӣ⼸ֻСèӻ
ǲٶزأҪѴүͷȳƫҪһܲסң
ƺӰת˼µȻȥЦݣһϣ


182 
ڳ˳û, о˸
磬β͡۽Ƴ
ڡšһֻǸ٣ûҪֵ˼, ܲ˭ȥ, ԲڳŴݾ, ñ֪ҪԶЩŻᶯ֡
һ, ˭ȥţѵûа鱨ȥ
ⲻܰ˵ԷҲʵġ
ڼûӻ, ΪţοĪţһҴӦͷ۲ǡ
, áǴýţȥ, 粻عңȥš
ɲ, һΣգðҵƤҡͷ
˰Ѻֲȥţ־, ֲȥҳ, õġ
ڻڳɣٵĽŲͻȻͣ, ȴЇNNٱͷһһ֧С׷
СӴԼʮˣڻͷΪ׵˱ָץסǣһܷŹ
ĸŴȣǣ
ģӸƴˣڷ߷ߵؽϵİ˦ѵܣּһ֦ڳʽ
Ҳѧ˸֦ųǱĸСڵ磬һлᣬһҪܡ
ķϻҪˣǲ֪ô
׷ǰһϽ»Ӷ֦ͷ˴ȥˡৡһҪȥе֦
˭֪ڴ̵ǰͻȻת˷֦ͻȻ˿аͣؾס嵶͵һس飬ֻ۵һΪ׸ĵб֣
ڵˮƽȥٸӹаɣ
鹦򱾾ͲһӿƵУȺѼȥ뼸һţмûмս
ΪǸæУһ߸ڲУһߴŸʲô
ԣűð߲֦Ϻݺݳһǣ٣ҪҪǣУ
뼸ɹһ˱Уڻ󣺡磬㡭
죡
ڴʱϵļһͬţҪںͷȥ֧׼㿴лӰδ£ͱлƬ
ĸǴڿлƴ˿ںߣǾ壬ֻϢ֪Ǹ֡
鿴ֱϳЩǿѵЩر
һ˽һѵӸڣֵң
ţãǼڻͷһˣл˸ǣһƥӦǸ׼ġ
ڷ²˳٣ߣ
ͷҲȥ˵ͷޣԶȥ
Щ״ȥ׷ȴЩסȥ·ţ֮ƺڽʲô
ǰεҲضԷɱ¾Ҳȶ֡
˭֪˼ԼͬӻͳСӣֱ棬װʯңʯҷƮЩӦ񣬵ʱ˫ۣҲмУ۾

Ȼĵ
ǲŲǵæΪ׵ĴһݡѸǰ׷ȥ
ǷӦҲϽǶȥ
ںһֱ񱼣Ҳ׷ŤͷȻǸǰرں
ģ⼸ʲôԵģƿڴ
һСģǻʯҷۣ
ĿࣺʲôʱôҪˣ
ڡߡһ֪򲻹ǣͳ£
Ǽҧ໥ʾ⣬˴ӻͳ˦˼ǰȥֱסǴ
û˸أǰ˼ͣס겻ԭشǡ
ʣĸ״˷رǵҲͲˣȻ飬ȴǵͳС󣬶Żǡಡ˼
Ϊ˶ٶȲɽһָǰߵ˾롣
ͷһ׷е磬ǻǷͷ߰ɣһС·ǡ
ڱԸԷҧµ£ֻõͷںδϣ
ûˣߣ֤ȫ쵽У
ΣǣǺðɣü˸㡣
˵ָڴ˼ǵǳĬԶֳ飬ÿˣһӿٶȣȻǵϣקһš
ʱ׷ĸʣˣ黤ӱޣǵʱ̱ӣͱ֮󣬱Ҳûսٸں
ǰߵĲ·ڣڵ磬أ
ڵͷҲǣ
ǣң
·ڹȥ档
֪˶ãоû׷顰һͣ˿
һӣǲô
Եһ£û׷û׷ûȥҵðЩˡ
ЩףҲ˵ʲô㶼û
˴Լյʱ䣬ǱĸӰ̴󺰵⣡׷
ߣһͷǰȥ
׷᣺ˣǧٸˣ
鱨ϣˣ
⻰ʱһ漴һĨЦ
վǽ鱨ͳȥˡ
ĶϷ
ҲãͰȫˡ
ҲԵţԵ𺺸硣
󣺡ӣֻĸˣǲ罫ס
ͷ˿Ǽ׷ԥǶ۸ıǵ
˵Լ˲Լˡ
ף
໥ʾ⣬ͬʱǼ׼С͵ϮǣȴԷһæε񵲣˱ȫƽϴ
ԭսپΪº֣һʱûޣ˸˴һţ˭ҲûעͻȻˡ
Ͼ޴ȶڲԶŵһȺѷֵˣ˷ֿ֮ʱ͵ӳļϣž죡
ͣˣӱץˣһ󺰡
ɵƬ̣׷׷Ϸŵ˶ȥ
⡰ᡱȻ֪ԼǱ˭ˣزԶͷǺ֪˭ſң
죬ñҶȥˤ㣡ϴͷ
ϴϼӿٶȣܿѻ͸˦󣬴Զ
---
мࡣ
һηģΨдǽķС͸Щڵϡ
ϣøɲݱʲôһֻ
Ƭ̺󣬹һŲЩĴļ˱ţһ𵱵Ųͷ
η˼գ˳ͷ΢һЩδ㲣ֻȣҲϺʪֻӡ
ȥӺ󱳣̾Ƶط˼죬еܲˣǻΪˡ
㣬ƤĲŲһµ쳤첲ȥӺ󱳣
ۣӵè˿ɽü΢΢𣺡Ҳ֪ͷǸʲôͰƽҰûѿţȻҲ鿴סˣֻʣһˣɸô졭
Ϲģûץ϶û¶㿴һ߶顣
ôҷб
ǰḻһЩ۾Цⲻ̫ҪľǳԺúȺáԼȵʱҲϺȡ
֪˵Ķԣķңټȡ岻ʣЩѹס
߬Ŷ쵽ǰŰȭͷ̯ģ
ʲôֻݱһֻĵһ磬ֻ
ЩȥҵḶ́˫˫ԶԵģԧҲܿװɣأ
ЦֻôˣͲܳ˫ɶˣ
ܣټ
ĵʲôԧ죿
ļֱһȥЩƵôĳֳ˫ɶԣǺ
˵գ˶٣ǿԢģ磬ڵĵطң롣
紹ܿȵ񣬵ͷЦŪīˣղܿάơ
ҪˣһǸǵôҽͲܿҽݣ
أôô⵷һ£һ߬ס
С磬ӦҰɣ¹ȥ֮һߣǳסԺʹҵ⣬ҶһԽĸƸ񡣡
ĿǶԺϣĬ˺ܾãŵΪʲôƫƫң
ɿڣæ𣺡ΪʲôͲ㣿
ҳɹףˡ̧ۿ㲻ƽ
˳£ס֣кβƽģϲˣûɹףô㰮˸ãΪҲϲ㡣
磺ʲôϲã
ǲǣ˵ڹؼʱ̲ˣֱض㣬ǻĽҲȻ𾴡Ұľ壬Ҳӵĸ顣
ϲ˭ͻһһˣϲӦǼҸ¡ӵҸ
ҴûҪλãҲûϣܹ߳ʼµ
̣ΪһЩûõΪԼģòã
˵Ļƽʱ飬һ仰һͷ֪е鶼ԼԼֺγǶһ⡣
ʰļݣҡ
ȻηǽͻȻһʱòſ˫۰绤˻һ̱顱һ죬ǲǽںȻ̮۳У͸˽ǵηӳһƬá
ͷһ̧ͷ㿴ƺ׿ӦСһϵʿӷ浱ЦųƺӶӰۡһ¿˩դϵ
羪ϲشУУӳˣ
⡢Ҳ̫˰ɣվ˳ְĵϵҲըǣ
ƺܸûյ¶Ȼ
ıӸ磺С磬ţ
׿ӦһѵһݸʦүǸõĲͼҲһη˷ǴǡʦﻹЩСףðײã
ӣæҾǰ
Цеػ񣺡˵˵
絣ǵƤӵ¸ôֱʣͻô㣡
ϺûҾʹӲӲǹɣƺˬʵ
ЩȻǳŵĶ֣ûԮϵ׷ܣǰһҩ裬㹻˯ϰգż˱ϵ˸ãȥ˹ʦү
⼸ûϵʦүҲʱ׼ţһ˵óܳõĸƽͼѺĵصԼװսɵĿָⷿ˳
ƺһмǽźԺԺǽ˵ϣԺ֮ŪӲҲᾪٱɴըʡ£Ǿôˡ
ʱĽŲظõĹٱΧ˹Ӻߡһ˳ȥ
ʦ׿Ӧз֣ԴӳͷӾƥֵҰסʵڲģϽ׷ȥҲ½ϡ
ֻءһһöը쳾ӭĹٱǱ۾ͿڱǣûüӦ˱Ǻԣܿʱ򣬷õηտҲŴʧ
ڸһĻҧгݣҷţȫץ
Ƿ׷ѭźԺԺǽ׷˳ȥԭⲽ
˿ѽʱ켸Ƶ˼£̫ŹţԾͷųߵϵ֪ҪƵؿУԽꡣ
ڴʱһ·Сܵǰ
弫Ϊͷ˵
ϥأֵָʹˣǰȥץСӻˣˡˣ
򵥻㱨˰ߵġ
ܴᡱ˳˳žǹƽҰ£ƺȫԱŻڴˣôģȻǹƽҰˡ
뵽£ƽҰȻҲ뵽Ůӹؼʱˡ̾˿ƺƺ类ץǹƽҰѾˣ


183 
ƺǵһҹһ, Ѿı˸š
˴ıȥݵʱ࣬ȻǱسǿɴö࣬ҪǼǿ, ЩԲ, Ҳϴݵװ취׽ǡ
ԭֶȱ, ѵİ취ԲȻɵǺԲ, ˰һ£Է϶
Ȼ׽ͨ˳, ҪܲӦضӣ֪͢, һҲԲ˶ߡ
Ȼӹʦүֲֻ֪һ£⺦ʦ
ǽ͢, һе
ƺ룬˵Ҳмڡ
ԭеߵ, ܱЩС˺öԸ˴γӳҲеߵĿӡ
ŵĸûгŵܵÿ죬ƺһȺСִǶŸʱ, ſɼǻڰܲ, ȴͨУĳŵ·ȥ
Ѱ޴, ڽֶȺƺߣס
кʦô᲻ʲôӣ
ƺҲЩģ˵ǰοˣǰοԼӦû£ûͨӦϲ
ʱһӸŸͷΪ׵Ĵ󺰵ָʹ̷ţָʹ̷ţ
سһ㿪ʼϰգ˵㽫Źϣš
Թص׷׵ͷߡ
ȣ߻һƬƣۿɽǱҲĶֻ÷׷ߡ
ż˲ͷȺ̫ԣױϵĸ
ƺͶʵƺҲЩżͷ˵ǣܿȺп׿ӦкӵӰ˿
׿ӦԶԶһͷʾѾɣȻݸһЦ
Цݣƺжʱɲ١
ڸߡͬʱĿ⾯Ⱥɨʱǰ߽ĴͻȻˡۡ󺰣ͨץѽץͽ𣡷ͨץѽ
ȺעʱһЩ׳˹ȥǳ˳ˣȥץͨ׬Ǯ
ǶӸǲˣšÿ׷˹ȥ
ŵۼʢһԾԾԣҪҲȥæҪץͨ϶ͷһ
ðɣء
Ŷˣǻܷɹȥɣܷɣ¥Ҳأʲô
Աߴһϵλү˵öԣŶˣǿ϶ܲȥλȥԡ
һŤͷһüĿϵʿżҲĵۣվǽ¸Ǵ
˭ôߣһ
ЦǺǵ˵ȣ̫༷ûţҵȺɢЩߡ
ۿǰȷʵ˲ٳɫ΢˵̫ð
лүӼ˵ģЩıϤ⸮ǣǸӦ֣治ԣ˵ͽأ
㿴ңҿ㣬Ƕģһٺ»û٣˭һʣ㲻ץͨҲõǮܲʲôͶ۸߰ɣ
Ǽ˵ɾ͸ɣűСţİǿȺͳ˹ȥ
Ⱥˮһ˿Ŵƺ׿ӦСЩѾԶߵǽ£ӻϡ
سС״ŭˣô¶ߣô˹
ЦУ˹óǰ
ʲô˼Се¡
ߵǸǰ̧һӣŵһζʱͷ˰˹ȥ
׿Ӧкƺæסǿ¡
໥һʹɫṦѣǽ¥һ㽫׼õĺһ˶¥
¥ŵۻǰ֣ӭ汻һѺںС裬ض¿ʲôܿ㱻εءҲЩûֶ֪ܣȻҲһرˡ
ϵ¥ȥ°Ҵ桱߶Σ¥·Ѷš
ƺ׿ӦеҲǽʩչṦܿȥɷţﳤȥ
ǶӸҵˣǴ󺺺ܿͳˣ˵иϵʿǮô˵
Ӻ׿ӦҲ˵汳ҪҸƤ۸һСҶչȥݳϷɵȱ£ϸñٸץȥ
ӳһ֪˵תͷܣӭײ׷Ǽۣˣż»ȥţԼ˷سŴ
سСεڵأѾ˰أ˴򿪳ٿտյĻǵӰӣ
---
ƺһǣ̽ŲմǰأŸͣ
ǳǵļƻʱģҲûиǱýӦѡųȷʵҲǳﲨȥġ
Ͼǲ֪δ׷ȥҲиطοˣҶ㵽պϣҲݱܼգڴŹҲʲôš
Ȼû߶Զ㿴˵ϴ򶷵ĺۼĴ統϶Щֱʣ
ѭӡǰ׷ȥһأ׿Ӧзаɫĩһ۱˳ʯң
ЦУ˵ȥҲӶˣ
ƺüͷ΢֪ʲô
׿Ӧб㰲οȻ˸飬ӦǸ״Ļǽͷˣ̫ġ
ǰ˵ǻЩ˹ǶԸڻ¡
ô˵ƺûȫȫβվڸǰʼǲҷģĥŵʱԴͻȻ顱ը˸ף˼Ѱ
ʱͻȻǰעΣ
һ˸Դ˾ͽס۲ߡ
ƺţǰȥ׷ڵĸץһʡ
ȻϻģһɵĽӣЩңңŵķǵȴʲôˣƺûĵȣһҪ߲ߵģ
ƺô죬Ա׿Ӧдչ磬ǿ״ر֮ǰٵʱعǡ
ȷ𣿡
׿Ӧеͷţ
˻ûüͻȻȥסӣС壿
СͷɴƵش磡
ϴɿɽһսЩرмϤһ۱ϳС壬Ҳûƺкֱ
ʶˣƺȱҲûأ׷׶
ôתƣＱеǶ𣿡
СϽ֮ǰ˵һ飬ƺüͷø˵ֻ׷飬ûȥ׷ң
ԣֵǼЩ˺սֻٽǼǲº֣˿ӣֱ֮ӵķȥûһȥ׷ҡ
׿Ӧ˼һת͵һˣ׻¶Լͷˣ
ƺС壺ģΪڴ˵̻
ȥ׷ǼǼͬеֵˣ˵˵ӱץˣ
ɫһݣֻСϴڿɽǼǶԳ򣬻ΪӵԼˣ־ò̫һʱ֮ЩͷԡЩܻȥŶˣǼֵֵܱܱߵķȥңǾҪǳǣǴ󵱼ҵĿԱȽϴ󣬾⸽һϣҲͨû뵽ˣ
úãҿţҪȻϲ顣ƺץסСļ򣬡ʲôˣ
Сǰһָǰ߲·գ˰ȥˣǼֵҲǱأ
ƺͷˣ˶ϴ͸ϣװ̷ɹȥ׷
ġᡱڸѾأƺ׿Ӧдɽﱳģԭͼķ˹ʦүУǰѾȡ˻
˺ܿװã׿ӦƺӵǰҴɡ
ҡҡͷϵ̫鷳λСֵ
̶֮Сȴ뿪ķȥָ·ƺ˱ҡֱչϸ߿ա
ƶѻøܣ͵͵ѹļ˸оǷɽһУ꽫粻ϣԴϷ׿Ӧ̧ͷһЩϹ
ƺ̵бۣ
׿ӦбۣƺľУֱͨͨ
Ϊ˱ⱻУƺ˲òͿշɣʹǱеļ˲١
磬ǷǰͷҶΧ׿Ӧе
ƺһͷҡֱǰȥ
Ǻܿ쳬˵ϵСӣǰһɫͻȻ䰵ͬҹҪйƵġ
׿Ӧд˫ۣҴκһܿ㿴Ѱ˵
ЩǷʲôͣ·ߣɵһ·߾䣬ʣ༸ߵ·£ͷ֪ڿʲô
׿ӦжȻһ磬ǡ
ƺϢƬ̣˻Ƶ롣
׿Ӧб룬Լȴһ˫εֶס˲ӣѡ
ҲЩټĬؿʼ䡣
˼еķʽ䵽棬ᣬ㶼Լͬؽѵڵϣһǿ·񱼡
ƣһ
·߾ʱͷ磡
𣿡
ŤͷߵµļͬţǼ˵ͷɫͻȻ֪ôش
زش𶼲ҪˣƺѾ˹ֱ³ȥ
һŵˣһںɫɷ׵ס죬Ȧͨ§§ļ˹ȥΪ
ĵۡص˵ϣһϲŭɫϼ΢΢汯⡣
׿ӦеʶؿסƺƺҪֹ޼£ƺѾˡ
СǸ緢꣬۸һ·ǸаСܣ˿ؿ£Ŀڴһذס
ѪҺذΧ䦿һƬ˳棬ȾһƬޱȴĿġ
ۣɫ԰ףԴؿڼֳ̯࣬ģһ˿
ƺͨһߣŵգ顭
󣬼ѵһǡʧѪ̫࣬ذ࣬ҡ
Ϊĸֱȥ˵ʵ˿ȴݡ
ѵĿڣҲ˵Ŀڣ
¡¡òϢ˲֪õĴ£͸֦һһδϣƺ۵رڻУˮˮһ
׿Ӧдյһߣƺ磬ͼ鵲סꡣ
ȻЩͽ޹ģڳ˺ܿ춼ܳвŽë΢΢ۡ
硭غǹ¶һɲЦݣҡΪҲˡ
ȱߣ˭˭µ֣һ㱨𣡡
۾ֱֱƺȴûп
ƺϵˮˮһʵǲǡƽҰ
ǰ˵
֮ǰƽҰʱһöԷȻǰ̫һˣӦò˺Լ
ԹƽҰʣҧ˵ŵľԼûʼ䣬©ڡ
Ҫ͵Ķʲô֪˵ŵ㣿ƽҰĿ纮˭еԼҲɱ㣿
Ť£ӣԹ˵ҸƭңҲˣңҾǳĿڱͱζ
鱻ɢֽûУֻؿŹƽҰ˰ذף׼ԼĿڣһһ㣬ش˽ȥ
ַʽ̣޷κһʹоԼǱһһ˺ѿԭȺһһñʹǰ󶼱ӰŵʹƽƽҰ硭
ôţԼ֮ܽĹƽҰȻĶ֣
֪ϲ㣬鱨˻ѡƽҰ˵Ҳ͸ֻû뵽ҲƭԵȻ⣡
Ȼ׼ôҲûź˰ɣ
룬Ҳϲҵ
ƺĿɢҡҡ飬˯ȥ˵
ҡûźˡ鱻ҡЩĿⶨؾ۽ƺϡ
ѹŭ𣬴﷢ʵ˵ֻҾǲǹƽҰɵģ
÷ϻ϶ҧгݵ
ûͲᡭᡭ
ʵ˵ȥȴҡҡͷ𡭡Ϊұ𡭡
ܻش⣬˵ˣúΪѵġ
ôúΪԼȥɱƽҰأ
ǿǹزΨһѪ
ĸԸģ˵涯ģϧΪ鱨ȻУﻹǲʱ˵طһ˿⡣
һǻûд١ԵԼûô޴ɡ
ӺСϵ˾Ǳܵûʪ͸һĻҲȻ˫
׿Ӧмƺѹ˵ס֣ʵ飬㻹ʲôԸǲϧһд۶
գգۣˮ߻ô̹ǡ
֮ǰϴʹƽҰδ𣬹ƽҰֻܸöʱ飬๫߱˻ʹ࣡
鿴˿׿ӦУСи磬ܿģ͡ȥɡ
ԼǵڼţӦùһӵˡ
ϣԺܸļ޸˼ңƽƽһӡ
ʲôʱˣ㻹Ϊǣѹˣתͷڴļѹֵؿ
ãġ׿Ӧ
硭鿴ƺ
ƺʵڡ
ҡǡʱʱ˵ѵ˿ҪȥɸᡢϡҪҵĳӣܡᡭᾭǶ
ҼסˡƺҧҧĨһϵˮһס
ֵ⡭ӦǡģΪˣš˵ģʵҡװġ
׿ӦǴǶ벻Լ¶š
ǡǰɣҲôá΢΢ͷƺؿھţ磬ҡϸĳࡢ𣿡
ƺ˵رۣͷǣһִģȻϸ񣡡
ǡǾͺã顭顭աղ
ŤͷҶڱεʣ񽥽ʧȥɣؿڽƽ
ּµԽˣǵһ㣬أͬΪȥİ衣
飡飡ƺﱧȥ飬ȥϵˮʹҪǶ
---
վڷſڣˮĻһӷ£󣬺¡¡ͬĿڣԽ
ΪʲôʲôûУ
ǷʶҵĻԣѾʶˣӦ˰ɣ
Ҳã๫ǰȫġ
Ϊʲôң๫ôˣ
ү뱣๫ƽһжĴһ˳е
Ӽ˼ɡȥҪСԺȥ̧ͷһȴնڷϵûӰԺҲǿһˡ
һʱЩãȻɡԺţزãÿﲻӰֻʣһˡ
㶣ˮʪȹǶû⡣
ڴNNȼʲôϣǴȥһӰǰ
𿴼ˣʱýš
һ¶ҵϴߵǰظ˵˼仰ʵ̫ˣΪԼˣһȻ
ɡصصڵأˮưðؽϣһϣ
ǴӦңɱô૵ţһͣôһԭҵġôõһˣҲ롭һһġ
ųԺŴͬ󿪵ţһֵĸֽһţѾ𿪣ֽͬڵء
дţ

Ҵвù飬ͽϸϺȥ
Ϊһ
龴ϡ


184 
һֱ, ƺҪΪˮǣؼһƬҳããʲôԹƶУֻʣ͸ĳء
رƥ, ƺóƥ, 硢׿Ӧӷֱƥ, ƺʬһƥ, ִҪڴС
һﲨ۸ȥ·û׷ۿҲϡ, СͬһƥǺܿҵ˿꼵Ĵ󴬡
Գӭӣ״˶ϴ֮, ȥȼ̿
ʬõĵ, ˶˲ϻ·ˮƵΧһȦ, Ĭ
ƺɾѵˮʪۣȴ˴еСˡ
Ǹյʱ, źҪԼһģһˣ˱ƺѵ, СƵͳǣ˵, ˣǡ
ƺԼҲۣŴ֮ȥСˡ
û뵽һֱûӣɵӣǰⶫɻ
ȣС˱ڻѾ˴룬Ѿģϲƺ߬
ҲãҲãҶͬսһʻȥе˾ñˡ
ʹ֮ԱԴ·һһֱĴȿֿۣͬܵܣԷȻţԼﶸȻȱһѪƵǰۡ
ԱһֱѹֵᣬҲٰοﶼѹʹʹһ
ƺḧ鰲üۣ˻Ƶ飬ģһؼҡ
׿ӦദһĻĻǵô뿪۸ʱӲͯӣǵƺӲԼʱƵ̬ǵԼȥȸ¥ʱģԼƺʱըĿǺ磡и磡ģˡ
үǲƽҪģһԼļңûüƷİϲãͱڴ˿̴ҴҸ𣬾һĨӭųصıֻ˵ڰһ⣬ͱ̫ɢʮ갡
ļ򣬵СҶڰ
׿Ӧв˲ϵᣬͷĵؿԶƺ
ƽҰѲϵƺԣ˱ˣĥʱ˿̣ؼе鶼ϵһһأϢ
ƺľȻضһƬհף֪ԼôԹƽҰҲ֪ԼӦôȥ¡
ԩԩг𱨳Թ˲Ƶ常ĳǻʵۣΪ޷ТµĳԼܣΪֳ볤٣Ϊͬ۸𡭡
ƺԼϱӿ̫ŻỻĳͷߣǴɱ̫أ
ΪʲôĲԼȴǣ
˼֮ʱ߹ԣϵܣҪأдµȥ
ƺ˵ͷţס
ȣ󶨻£ʬͣŲ˶ãҪ۸ϼңɽˮԶв㣬Ҳֻܽ𻯣ѹǻҴȥ
˿ڴϣ𻯶ûƺֻ˿꼵Ľ飬ƤùڴףŽںˮ¶ȵּͣܶա
£˲ű꼱ŵһ뽪ֱߴȥշﻻɾ·
б͸׼˷䣬䷿˴ڣұ´Źȥʱ򣬿Ǽ䱾ķ䲻סٶȱȫͣڸԷſڣ˵ǵš
Ǽƻ⣬·һ䷿ֱֲȥסǼ䣬Ҫȥš
ҪʱͻȻŨı鷳ˣסɣͬס
һ
Ҳһ˴š˵գŽ˴Ĳշ
ƺһֱĬסѾźãҲû˵ʲôԼ׿ӦǼ䷿
һţ׿Ӧбӱסʪȵһ𣬻͸µů⡣
һʱҲʵĻ˵ڰ˳䡱ִʶԣ̫԰ãֻܽرסԷͼûƺ԰
ƺһ׿Ӧе֣ģȰ·˰ɣ
˰Ѹɾͽ˸շ˿̾صһڴͷ
׿Ӧдƺ½ź·ֵԼ
ƺ֪ʲô⣬Ҳûѣľͷһ׿ӦаڲĴ̣ƣɻ
ǰҹôٹɽһ£ƺûô˯ţҹڹزһҹȻҲûϢ
վ˴磬س˳ţüһʱܣûиоƣۣج統ͷȣȫһӴˡ
ټôһ꣬ƺľȫٱ׿Ӧпóһֱҧţ۵
ǰƺǳŸӳóȥֻ׿ӦбһֱôúðһƺҪ׿ӦдɵԱߡ
ƺ׿ӦдӱţĺһԲ
׿ӦиоԷԼյȫ޴йƬ̺߽Ӳµ΢΢ʼű㴫΢΢ңձΪѹŵĿ
ƺ޵ʮģˮ׿Ӧк춼ʪˣ׿ӦȻȴҲ֪ʶĶԷѹģ
֪ƺҵһһûԼıϣޣҲ̲סѶ
ްɣͷŰɣˮЩĥȫߣ㱳̫ˣѹֻԼ
׿Ӧһֱûпƾƺޣֱ𽥱Сתȥرš
СƺĶͷ׿Ӧеձߣҡ
˵һжԼĴǷпɵʱ򣬾ԼҲӦõϣŮԶһЩ֪и𣬾Ӧ⺢ʵʵţȥװִʲô
һ򲽽ûа۸ÿæµȴ٣ͲֽĲҾ磡
ԼΪǡѶϺ
ɻߣƺ˵ˡ
ºʲôã֪Լ˵ĻֻѾ˼ְ취ȰοԼҲʵ̫ˡ
ȻԼĴǾͺϸܾĥ
׿Ӧмþò׷ʵʲô
ûʲôƺ޵΢΢Щű˻Ƶߡ
׿ӦͷһǣӲ⣬֪ΪȰĻҲ˵ô˵㶼Լֻ֪Ǵȫϼ磬ʹһеֻʹ߿죬ڵҲİ
ƺ
㰲ο˵Ļȷʵرвҡ
ʲôԼĥɡ׿Ӧĺ󱳣Ǳѹôãһۡ
ƺס׿Ӧеţ˼ţƬ̺󷢳һ̾ϢȻ
ʲôҪ˯һ׿Ӧп⸱㲵ģʵġ
껹ţɫԾɱƬ֣ģƽʮְպӴ˿ҲһֱҡΣ˴޷ġ
ƺҡҡͷ˯зƬ̴ϢѾݳޣ鱨ܹǻǾһж
˲һӦͣŸƺ׿Ӧһȥ
˶һ˫۾ﶼһѻ𣬴˷ȥѰƽҰѾΪֹһԻҵĴɱҪΪ鱨Ҫɽһ
ŵ˶ԹβǺϤǰڸҲҪоδɽɸλںδȷʵ
ƺ̣״˵ɸ󣿡
ţһȸ¥Ĵ¥λڻ򡣡˵ԸһߴĹ£ȥͼ
꼴˴μȻæģȻ׼ǮͼһӦȫ˵ʮ
һС˵̵ͨܵϣǸȻСȴһԶŦأ̶ȲɣǸɸҲ˶
׿ӦпƺǹȻûߺ̵
ǰƽҰҲء·Ӧõģһʼ;̵ƺЦ
˭뵽үĶӻ
ʹ֪ƽҰļٹɽİϷ֪ˣָʲôеǰƺҲ˵Щĵ¡
°ѵͼ꼱㽫̯Բ֮ϣܿҵ˻̵λڹĶࡣ
Цһ̵ϲ̵㣬ؿ֮ľȽϳܹؿһЩһ·ϡ٣ӽʱ·ߺ̵ִﾩǣǹȻþܡ
׿ӦƺԣŵͼϹͻľ룺ڿ˴ɸ󲢲̫Զ
ţǽҹӱޣӦܸϡƺֱȻŵͼ֪ѣ֪ͨƽҰҲ·ϵ飬϶Ҳǲ߲ݵظ·ٶȲ죬ҪôĻǻڴ˴סǡ
˴չȥָǵͼһС·롱ĵط
ƳһۣɽҰģһĺõط
ܲؽǳӰڴ˴ҲǼ¡
ƺͷƽҰȻҴԶǸϣ϶װЩɱ˵·裬ƻһز飬Ļ̫㣬˵޹ձ㲻ˡ·شƫƧǿǸ˽սĵطǵ֮󣬹۲õƻ
꼶ŵͼҲͬƺ뷨ϵܴʲôʱ
ǼСᡯǷܿЩϵС
ᡯûôãǰֻ;̽飬;׷ٲãһױ·ĳر֣Զ·ӱ޸ʵʡƺ״磬ȻǾȽϺãԵĻҴʱ֮ж
꼵ͷˣ֮֮ʱǳſϢú˯һһ̫עĿȽȥȳ˹ؽȫƥҴʮ˸ȥ˺ָʹ͹һشϣʣ˼ңһͬǰȥ
ƺһ״磬Ҽãͱȥðˡ
ǲң΢΢Ц
ƺæҾң״Ĺ֮ϣֻ㡣
ҽΪ֮ˣҹΣǼԶ޷жΣ俴˽𣬵ɹƽҰɱҡڽӽܣһ£֪Ҫжٰպر꣬Ӳ꼳ϿҵֵܣҶķϣ͸λɣ
ƺֵ̿⻰ɷҲҹΪأҲƴǣ˷֣ɣ
̶˱㷵زշϢΪձ
ʱĩЪ󴬻´ÿˣݳһˣ㹻װʮˡ
Ʋ㵲סһҹɫϢس
---
պ̵
·ԼŶУ೤деľï֦Ҷ·Ͽӣסȵ⣬ֻ·һƬ
һ·ٱϮ
ǰǰ˻ĳÿƥػúʵ񲼸ǵʵʵгˣϲӡС¡̶ӡӣ̶ͨ졣
ϸܿЩϳĳһ۾ⷢͨӣǾѵı
һѰشµģ;棬Ϳߴʵп黬һƿһȵ͸ǸϿ籩꣬Խƻ۲ƣس˷ǸҪôܡ
˿̳Ĳһֻ԰׵ֵ΢΢̽ͷһľɫὫӷ¡
ǹƽҰ
֮⣬ﻹˣһϴǹ¡
Ϻһݳܵúܿ죬쳣Գ˵ƵЩѹ֡
ƽҰֽʮѿһֻθƺѾԳܡ
߲мƳһۣӲ˼һ·˶ٴΣʱսٸϴٿأοͬһ·
ƽҰ촽ͷðź飬ûУϴʵܣǰ߳Ըϵͣԭ
һͷǰȥӱ㻺ͣ¡
߲õͲ죬ǵʱ䣿
ֻϢƬ̶ѣѲܷɹȥϴɫؿһۣôļҪȻٿսٸߣʲôɲˣʲôʸ˵ģ
ĿɭûǳǮܳ£
Ǯ˲ôϴûٶʲôã
ˣ˵Щû塣ƽҰθҪ³ϴæظȥš
³ˣԼθĶȫŻ֮·˼ȦžڷĶĸԼ
ϴҲûŵվһ߿üͷ΢塣
ƽҰһַһ죬ͷ⼸̫ԣΪ£
ΪյЩʹԵ΢΢˻ơ
Դӱƺ˼ٹɽ֮£⼸ƽҰԭڱƤƶαװ˾һʵаһߣ˵¶һɷͺ塣
ûʲôϴ˶ٲŵ
ƽҰԳЦЦҶ̫ݣǹûиҵǼٵģ
⻰ϴĿڣɫ΢ԥԥԾɿڣϾǽˣȲѣʽк֣ܶŹүǸʵʵӢۣǲűӸߺɷ£ΪΪϾ֮ʿòɱƫƫĺ֣ʵڡ㣽塣
ôҲ飬ѪԣƽҰҰ׵¶һĨЦҪЩʲôЩΪҵ𣿡
֮ǰǸȷʵǼٵģƭǣֻǼˣŹǿҲǣʵҵˣⲻŻ𣿡
˺ǶܽˣɱҲû˵ʲôֺαΪɱһĶߴߴᣬα𣿡
ϴɫףЩȫһܻΪһ̸
ƽҰߡһô£ͣߣھͿ뿪սٸҲòǣұʹԼٿأ


185 ԥ
㣿ϴ, ô
вмٿزˣƽҰЦսٸұ죡ɱ֮, ȻҪȥ, ڱ, ʲô£սٸԭΪҸҴ, ֻ˲䴩ϧ̫ĺˣ
ϴŵǰһɴɱɹսٸسΪʸ֮ģܲ, ѵ֮ӡٲά裬ʱҪȫˣҪȥӦ𣿡
ƽҰ۽ޣκθ飺á
ԭҸԸٿսٸ, һźһİ취һùϢ벻¡ڡ, һжָˣֻʣһ, һʲô壿
ĿĿĵԶⷴˣϻʵǰ֪˭ǸҪ۾󲻺, Ҫһµ
鱨, ǹүΨһĺˣûȥϴû뵽ƽҰȻͬھ, ʵ̫ˣЩ£ܵҪ˴аɣ
ƽҰҡҡͷЩºҵʲô壿˭عˣѾԡ߰ɣʱˡ
ϴƽҰһȳһյطһʱζӳ¡
¿ǰŻʱոлδˣƽҰ˼ʵ㻤ҵδЩعñ˷ټ˵ˡ
ôżߣͲǺø׷
а취ԸҲ֣ҹŵˣ尲ŵļ˸棬ܳʲôӣƽҰģ¸ҡ
˼һãұзعڣݱ
ƽҰǹ˹ʾӦʣȴûаЦ⡣
ʱ֮󣬳ӽһС򣬹Ը˼£Լʣĸˣ˺ƽҰǡ
ƽҰ·ߣֵһ·ߡ
ԹƽҰôΣҲķɵ֪޻ʵǣȻʳԣ˶Ҳġ˱ϾôãҵɣȷʵΪп
үౣءؿһۡ
ƽҰףлģϣЩս˳˻عףһ֮
߷Ǵײ㣬㾡㡣
ƽҰ΢Цף߱һǰȥ
ߵӰʧڳſڣƽҰϵЦȻʧΪ˱ֲһʲôȥ¼ҵ
㿴ߵŵϴ͸ϣ֣˱˹
ƽҰȥ׷ߣ취ܻ񣬴Ǹңٰϱдȥ
һ˵ţһߴӻͳһֽݸϴ
ϴӹֽһʮ𾪣ҪٵĶѵ㣿
ƽҰµһ󽫹ߣùɽ֮ӹƽҰУͼɱ׻ʵۣȡҿǹɽĶӣôֻܸۣͬǱöѡ
Ǵһ˫𣿡϶ֽһۣΪϸļƻеľս
ҪһȫլԺαװɶ˵㣬ѹ߼´˶ͷȻҪھǸɢҥԺжϸھǣͼ죬ڹƽҰɱʵ۳ɹ֮ʱɱһ£Ӫ飬ȫɶ˲߻ļ
ʵȫǼıģ֤ǼٵģƽҰôҲԩߡ
һƺ̤ԼĲȦյӪ˰ͼνࡱҲѡ
һ̫ڳڣֻҪץסҧš
ƽҰҵĲֹйʵۣжˣһôʱҲɱߣ˱˵ףδܱס׼
ԥؿɫϴʹƽҰٶȿսǿǺãᣬǰա
ƽҰ̫ĺ߸ϴˣ֪ԼЧҵλûаѱ߹ذյ
ƽҰ֣̫²ؼ뿪սûôסҵʱѾˣܲЩ¡
ϣ⡭
źһкǱɻعǵĽ˲ʳ£ˡƽҰ˵꣬תƺҲٶ࿴һۡ
ϴӸֽУ߰ɡ
˱ŻᣬϿɱţŹߵ뿪ķ׷ٶȥ
һʱ֮ǱһСϷ˹߼令ӰЩںӱȡˮ
ϴϽҹɫӳڲԶЩˡ
ʦ֣սĺôҲΪˡ
ԴЧҹƽҰһֱչ˹ɽչ˴˵еĳӢۣǰ಻ס˷ܣ¶ƽҰǲ
ǰղŵ֪ɽȻǼٵģʵζоԼǻѪˡ
ֻ˵ʵڽ飬ҹɽıˣҲǹƽҰһЩǸҲߴߴᡣ
ͻȻ˹ƽҰĿģִֵԽǿҡ
ϴһʵȻôŹ߻عһȥеɣ
ʲôɡǵսòˣŲǰˣ
ϴ΢΢ü˼ˣ߱Ӫץţʵⱳ֮٣ҲδػῪս⵹Ǹ˴׽һ̸еĺûᣬÿٽЩأ
Ŵԣ϶ʱչüʦתÿ죬û뵽һ㡣
ϴ飬ʵҲ֪ôźãԼҲŹߣֻܰչƽҰļƻ
ۿźӱ߹߼³ϴ͸Ҳгѡᡱ򿪣׼ӿ͵Ϯǡ
˶ͷҩֻҪֹ죬ߵ˱޿ɱܡ
ȻǼ֮ʱͻȻವط˼ʹһקᡱûмӵǿϴ͸һӾͱӿгˤڵϣ
ϴŭػͷ˴ǿأӵɼ
㣿
һЦû뵽ɣּˣ
һǰźѾ׺˹ƽҰĳӣǶ·;вٰգ¹ƽҰգƺݲ֣Ծɰռƻ·ж
ǿƽҰʱְϴ͸Ͻе߲֪˵ʲôóһſɵСֽ֪˶ơ
ʱƺ׿ӦͶڹкߣԶҲ˵ʲôԸҪݹȥ̽ƺʶƳĶ䣬ȥ̫Σա
лֱ˵Ҷûô¡
û£òҴܲ³ҪʲôƺǸӰԴ׷֮þſסԼûȥѹƽҰһ٣ƽҰŹߣҪŪǣ۸˵ĴΪʸ֮ġֽдıȻβá
׿ӦеƽҰھ߹ߣ
ƺЦһʵ̫ΪˣȻ̫ӿԾס¶£ʹڶǳԸɷģôҪ±Ȼϰ참˭ҲŪ˭һΣʺɷԼһ˻סߴ磬׵Ҫˡ
ô죿
ƺĿƽҰܱ˵Ĺ˭ͷϣ˫ƱȻýţ㵱ıĺƽҲñ߾ȼս𣬸常ߵ÷ŻضȥҶд㡣
ͷףһҴ׺ϴ͸ϣ˶ԸûУ϶ûᣬʱסǾС
ȥ״˵ƺ
Ȼͱʾ˴ȫƺţϾʹ󡢾ḻƺԻᷲ˿̱㰲һȸȥŹƽҰٶ˻صǲСƹݺԺ顣
ֻҪֹ˵ĻҲȥ꼳˵ϴ򲻴ϾǷ˵㣬ӦҲѶԸ
ԱͻȻڣϵһ˰ɡ
Ҳȥһзݣ
Ҫʦͬȥ׿Ӧе
ƺ룺׽Ҳѣ˶¾˹ǼʦṦãȻû⣬ͱȥˣһʣµ˻Ҫ·ֲСֵܸʦһˣΣ
Сֵ֮
˱֪سϴ͸
죬ϵġᡯˣС𵴱ը
ǡᡱðֽ̣ȥϴСȥǸϡ
ȻƴȫѡᡱԶһӣδأ׻ȺۡۡѣöͿӹ̻
ϴ͸ϱ˸ʵʵڵë档
ĵͼϴϣʵ˭ɱ飿ǲ㣿˵
ϴԴӱס֮ͻȻƵģûеֿһƹˤģ
˶Ѿˣ˭ҪôǶΪ𣬺αطҪʵôԼܡ
ɫɭ֪ϴ˵öԣ˭֣ĶǹƽҰƫƫǹɽĶӣ
С忴ʹ飬ݺϴһţȻҪɱǸģҲɱ˶ֵǸΪӱ𣡡
ʱϳסĺͶֵͬһأǻµô
𺳣ƽҰԶ֣
ϣס죡ϴȵж
ڵţϴжΣ˶ˡ˵߱ˣҲδؿս뻹Ǿòԣʦ֣һ£ɱʵҲΪĲΪ׵ˣ׿ӣмλʿ֪ǶǺˣȥֹɣҲ뿴ȡ
ӹһϣǶ֪ʲôһһʮȫ˵
---
ϴ͸뿪֮󣬹ƽҰѸ·
ŵ˲ʣǰĳţҲûٽ˹Լµһڳϣ˫žҵ
˭֪·;ƺԽԽ˵ߵϷ֨Ӵ֨ӴùƽҰͷʹ̣Ͳסʱ̧ȥ
ƺʻڻĽҰ⣬ǿӿݵ·ݲɽƺԶЩȥһƬģһΪĿء
ƽҰĪһʳ򣺡˴Ǻεأô˵
ععӣ·룬һƬݵأ·ȷʵƽǰ߻ɽ·ҪǾõߵܣóӷЩٶȡ⳵ı֮һԹƽҰ̬ʮǫ
ˣ߿ãҡƽҰĴ˵ĵطͣܲȫƽԭݵأ׹أǴ˿̱ƺ׷ϣöһЩڴ˿̶õûǾ뿪˴Ϊ
ԽߣԽѰ
⼸գҲڷ˼Լɱ飬ʱǳ˿ȷʵЩ̫׵ⶨ̼ƺȻ磬öԷҲʹζֻҲ̼˵Ķ־
洫۵һ죬ʲôϣƽҰ̺ʲô
ûм٣˶٣ڹ۲Ƭ̺ŵ̫ع԰ꡣ
ȻƽҰһӵĵƥӦò١
Ҫӳȥ֮ʱȴһͻȻͣס
ôˣƽҰ
ߵعӣǡ˶ˣȷе˵ǱΧˡ
ƽҰó׷ǺЩųӵļͣͣסˣӳ̽ȥͷȥƺͣǴԼʮԶĵطǰڹߺͽǶȣ̫
ȥƽҰһ˵һſŲ
ɫأҪ㻹ڳϴŰɣⱻˣҿⲻƣֵǶӳˣͻΧ
ˡƽҰϵǳģԽϣĿԽԡ
Ѿشȥܿ㿴˵ǰơ
˴ȷһƬݵأǰԶһ͹ɽ£ĳΪ׵ͣڼµλã·վһˣ˶·סˡ
Щ˿Ŀĵǳ˵ģź⣬ȴûκζ
ı͹ƽҰŵѾȫ³˭ȶ˭ҲǵֱֳŵԷš
ƽҰһĲ࣬ҲһŴԼʮˣŸͷһſںͷƺҲҪʲô
ŵڹƽҰߣعӣɱȥô
ţû֣ڶ̫ˡƽҰ
䣬һϤȵƽҰ
ƽҰѭȥֻǸǣְֺ޵˳ɽ֮ϣҹɫƺףȴ¹һɫĹΣô䣬ôɱô
ƺߣ½½ֳ˵Ӱ׿ӦС硢꼺ڼ˲վɽ֮ϣսɱ񣬾ӸµǰΧĳӡ
ְɣƽҰƺŭѾ·ˣ
ƽҰȻһЦǰ˼ɽһӰûкҲܶԷü磬Ǳɱ㰡


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֮ǰӼȥ׷ϴ͸֮, ƺ˼ŹƽҰĳӣż˺Ϳ꼴ʣ˴С·ǰ·̽Σ⴦ݵأ͵ľѵΡ
ֻϧû, Ȼ뷢, Ҫ복ӵ˶̱ӡ
ֵ, ʺǰݵ֮, ƺͷôֲ̫ǻʣʮһ, Ƿֳ飬һһˣƺϲ˵㡣
ʱ˶Сɽ֮űⱻ˷ټ
һ´˴, Ƶϧ̫ˣûƸߵ㣬ȻżʸųȥܷŵһƬ
޷, Щ֣òŸͻϮ, ǼȥսҲܽǷ²
ƺУƽҰ֪ʲôװ, ǻ䱸ʲôĻһҲ׿
, ǻ㲻սٸʲôԼΪҪô೵, һǰͻ鷳ˣƽҰںܷѡʯ١׿ӦԼЩġ
꼵ǻڳһ·Ҳ޷ǵжٱ尲ģǾḻˣҲòҪ϶ʱܸϹͺˡ
Ѱɣŵ˸ȥԲҪһʱ䣬ҪһǾ͸鷳ƺ룬һжǡøϣԲ˵أȷʵҲԶҪܸҲʱ˺ˡ
ϵĸǣ
ںЦ䲻ڲԶĺڰ˽ǲѭȥһ˴Ӳݶһҹ£ƦƦѲĹ
˹Ȼûôڴˣûһڸ
ƺϲĸϹˣ
ҲǼʱˡ׿ӦʮѵһضЦЦ
Ȼڿŵؿڣ죬Сԣ׿ӾȻЦ֪ΪˣЦͲЦģĶ©һġ
׿ӦбξǣҲֵԭ£˭֪һھ˾ᣬɫ
̧һƣƶ죡ôϹģ
ǰŵԲ˺ָʹţܾ͵ˣ֪ҪȻǴ˸˴׷ǼڹƽҰӺͷĻ֮ҴҲܲµǵĲ𣬾͹ܲܰæ
ܾǿȥںͺŵĻ
ƺĴأ
һʮˣ˸ںͷǶӣ˸ƵǰġŲȷ˭һǱ̽̽û뵽ǡ
ڻķ򣬴һڣƬ̺ߵʮƥӰ߳һƥǿյģڵ
׿Ӧɵ㲻˵Ǵ˰˸оˡ
꣬Ǹ͵ġڽЦЦ
ƺһתʱô£ؿۿ꼣ֿˣѹǺָʹ
ʹͬô
Ѿ߽Ϊ׵ƥϵĿһߣǺ
ƺʹеӭȥº͵ƺС磬
ʵָʹ
źۿˡ
δҲϴһʱһЩƺһջͱѹŵȻ𣬶˺ڣۿᣬҲһ䡰ָʹĻҲ˵ˡ
ļ˵ܿˡ
ƺһѹסҡҡͷʲô常޹ġ
ԱҲ˵ϵܣԲס¶ҲΣҾͲߡ
ǲŵΣҪ˵дɱߵĹʹĵû뵽ƽҰΪֱִҲܽʹɱ֡
ƺĿ˸Ϊ۵ĶѿˣԾҪƽҰһ
ɵô˵棬ȴ˵
һֻסģ֪׿ӦУֻжԷôؾ쵽ԼҲա
ȴֻƽҰǹΨһѪҲһҴ˴Ҳ뾡ѿסƣִ󡣹ֵ»лƽҪƽҰ˴ε˳ȥǾһжˡ
ʲôʣǹԼ㣬ôţܲܽܣʹ
۸飬Ȼĸʹ˶ɱ˹ƽҰ鱨ƺ˵Լ뷨ҲΪΪάҪͱܣͬǵġ
ǿ˼˵ĻԼͷϡ
÷ƺһۣȫָʹš
ҲĻͷš
ʱԱߴO@ĽŲǿ꼰ųȥһﲻڣݴһְ
꼹ֵ󵱼ңƽҰĳӻؾͻִ˴
꼿ƺƺźһЦƺ֮ȫָӡ
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ƽҰŲæǰߣƺֹƽҰվסٶˣ
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ƽҰ̧ͷԶԶЦЦƹϵļǰС
׿Ӧ磬Ƕְɣսپ
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һ£ɽ·ڵǰŲǰȥӺʮԭ˿ԷӺ󳷡
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۸䣬Ϲ뺫ı£ʮƥϲԿ
ƺһȣӰɽԾ£׿ӦС硢꼺ڽ󣬼˵Ŀǳԣֱȥ
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ܿһţݵشƹƹҡıн֮ƺⷽĿǰ־Ȼ·磡
ӳЩ򲻷ƺһֱ֪ЩӦǸоϱҶǴ۸ģԱ˴˵·ϤúܣּʮУȫ¶
ǱҲֹۣȻټ죬ǰЩ˳Ҳסǵĵࡣ
ģʲôͷôôãڱԷųб˺üŭ
ƺ׼յǰһһ߿ǡ˵ԣ۸ı־ͺãΰ¶ɳˡ㲻Ҳָʹѧѵһ֧ƵСӣΪ˽ó
ޣظҲǺָʹұѵر࣬ǳһģ˿ĭŵȺĻǾӢ˭˭
սǱҲǣʮѾ½İ˱Ƶԡ
ڳӺ棬ΡȻŻͱʿս־ȻϵĽţЩʼδ
ԱһмƣƸ磬ǻ֣
Ƶ֧СӵʱӳԼҵĻڴıʿҲʱǲ
УܶƳŵ˵ˣƽҰǱʲôƣҪһ侲۲졣
׿ӦΨһһýģʮԣ֮ǰƺڽʱռȻظǰ֮˹˼УԳƺǵĵӦͬԴ޹˼ɣתŲһж޵ת
ƺӦ磬ҲģĿȥѰƽҰӰֻԷͣڵһԣָڹĵŵǸ
ƺͫǹƽҰܹս
һǼװ˻ڣ͵֣
ԭսûȥǱƽҰ߷ѹ޼ɵ
Բսװ
ƺ״ӵƽҰȥԱЩʿͼһ赲
˳ֺȫû˼赲Ҫɱ֮죬ƺŹƽҰǴЩ˿С
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ƺ׿Ӧһ·ȥۿƽҰڵλûԶ˶һۣҪͬʱ˦֡
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ҺƺƳͰ׿ӦһѸתҪˡ
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űļƥЩԶѸɢӿ
ԣһסҪĳìһƥȥ
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лֵܣƺܹȥס׿Ӧе
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ֱ˻ʯײȼ𻨣ţȼѸٱ̡
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׿Ӧƺֻһֻε͵ƴ˸תűˤڵأ
һ˲ʯ죬һ㻩ϣ˶ʱʧȥ֪


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죬, ƾűƺľͨ죺ү, ôˣ
ƺϢڵϣ·ȫ׿ӦǷ, ʱˡ
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Ҳͷʯ
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ˣΪըĵطԶδܵ˿̶ͷģﰵҽٺ
δ³Ψһˣ֪ԼȥҲﲻæĬĬһ߿ƺΡ
׿Ӧ͵زһ۽ˮȫ֪Լڳ˻èү󱻡沈ˣ㿴ҪҪ
ԣ㽫ƺ˹˿ڴҪ·
һ֣ƺһѹģӡڣ
磡׿ӦоϲУˣ
쵰߯أ۶ˣƺſڵϣü
һ۶ͲסҿԽԽˣ
ƺӻֱ죬׿ӦڵϣİԼţȴˣ
Ŵȥ꼰
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ϵĻ塣һԵĺӦ֪ѾŸң˸ںͷԱʱ֮衣
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Ҳ޻˵ʮѹ֡
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پľҲȲ϶ԷǿӲĻе鷳ƺɫ
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ƽҰԶԶƺɫߣС
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Σϰ˾ͺˡ
Ƿߣ̬ɶˣ׷׿޷жƯ
һʿڶԷΨһĻѾǸɵˣǽôȥˣ
Уýûü˵Һ͵ǰץסϴ͸ϣԹƽҰоЩʲôˣϣֹ⳵սȻսٸɱ
׿Ӧвʣսٸʲôܱս
԰ϴ˵ôƺȻƽҰҪٿأӦ֪Ŷԡ
ҡҡͷûУϴҲǲ֪ƽҰûȥҪԼ֮ǰҲֻǼսٸһ֣ûмȫò˵սٸҲܷף
һ֣ƺüôֻһ֣
С岻м˵ֻڶʱ򿴼֮ƽҰûǿԲҲ֪˵ǲ滰
ҲпܣƽҰĻأ±йܣȻҪš
ɲôӵвֲĹɱˣܾΪ˱ܡ
Ѿ߻ħˣ
սڱ𣬹ƽҰսٸԸǣڴƺļ򣬡ϵܣô죿
ƺսٸҲܷڣڳȥǸ塭Ҳ
Ӽ״ƺи취ܾΣЩ
ƺæ˵޷
ɽﱻ£͵͵ˡһȽϴĻף˿̾ҰӵȻȲףӦҲСֻΪͽҲû취飬ЧҲ˵ûлڣҲûͶʯõİ취ǴųᣬֱͶʲôսٸϣһս֮
ʲôΣգƺЦȻյ׿Ӧеǵڨڨ졣
æðȥͶ
СҶȥʦİùӿ׿ӦС
׿ӦʮΣȥȡ˰ǰǵɽº󣬱㽫װɽµĸ߲ݶ治֪ͷȻΣյ
ѹͷӵİô
ȡ֮ӵڴ򿪣¶ͷĿ۹ôĻףҵġѡ
ˣ
׿Ӧһͷߣаɣѻʯʦ㻹ܰȡٲһô
ֻĸһ˵࣬ȼҲǴײܱһ·Ҳһô
ӺٺЦЦǰﰲȫúܡʵײһ취ȼһͷǸôʹקͷĻʯײʮ֮ڱضᱬ
ڶƺһһѵüЩ
áƺͷҪͶѡͻҡһֻըνսٸǵĻƱƣλԱ⣬һ𹥳ȥǰһУ
ż˱Ѹոġᡱ´ϣˣĸѡƺһȣԼһ˴ϡ
׿ӦһԿţĬë£ס˼
ƺתͷͷѣʲôΣԡ
˭ˣ׿ӦӲúܣǸսٸϴôֻһ֡Īǡ
Īʲô
׿ӦкЩ㣬ĪսٸҲǱװã
ƺ۾üһУ㲻汻˵ˣھ͵ڸƽҰʱ䣡磬֣Ǽж
Ѿˡᡱűҡָ˸ƺ졣
׿ӦС硢˴ʿɽ£ʱ׼³塣
ƺ˸շ죬ȫסˣǰ龰ãȻҵ찡˵Ǹ˸ʲô


188 սٸ
׿Ӧǻûеɽµʱ, Ϳһֻ۴ݵ˳ĩ˳һָҲйؽһ㣬¹, ֻĴ, ȴһ޴Ŀ׶
Ͳ
ֻ, Ҳˣʲô
Ǽ˵ɽ¶ˣ㿴ȫò
˵սٸ, ʵżһĶֻҪͨżȫ, мɲķһĶûͷ˵ǹ˾ͷ˿͸οյդ, ܿƽҰͷٿսٸ
ͷۣ׿ӦǷżǸ, ȣ˿˫һһڵذθ, սٸ·ǴӶΪֱȫվֱ֮һһ㴣ݵУ
¹ӳսٸ, Ϲеս죬ɱ⡣
ƺؿսٸ, û뵽ƽҰȻһѹ͵ûзֿ, ѹд̻ʵôģ
ǽɣսٸȾ͵ɸߣһ̧ȾԽǽֱʵ޹
Ȼսٸƶڽʹƺ֮ǰⶫȡ߻ʵۼһҽͶû˸ͻƾǹꪣβƷߵɱ
⿪սʵһ֮٣ƺһ룬ʱġ
ƽҰվսٸУǰһ޴棬ͷڣһָ̽ˣ˫˫ҲƳɵĻ֮УÿһսٸǰһϴƶɵУܵĳֱ˴ҧϣؽȻһ壬硣
͸դƽҰƺı飬ޱȵ⣺磬㻹бսʤôǰһֻСɳ棬һֻ־㣡
˵գָˣսٸ㻺̧֣Č׼ƺˡ
ҲؿĴһͲ֮⣬СԲס
ˣǡ
Ǽף㣡ƺһһֻѡݺݶͲ֮У
ͬʱսٸСԲͷʸһǣ
Һƺüʱ˼ʱɢתָ˴ֱ½û˱УֻͻȻ֮Ͽƺû⵽٣ǹƽҰֻ֪Ͳըˡ
յûãʦձ˦һ⣬ŭغݺһǰӣҧгݵҪÿ
ƽҰϷһָˣսٸٵֱһ޴ζƣƺ˵ֿšѡϮ׼
һ꣬Щ׿Ӧû˻꣬ƺɹ̵ܹʱڱˌһ֣˹ƽҰ棬ʮ
˿ƺɵɽ¸׿ӦǵȻɽݱܣǽսٸĻ֮ٳ취Ʒ
˽ԵͷѸεɽ£սٸʵ̫ߣȻܹצͼƺ˷
硢֣ڻöѡǵڹؼطƺɵ֮飬۾սٸɵײԲףսٸ׳˿ĵͲҲǣǿٷɹȥѶѶȥը٣
ڴ𣺡û⣡
˵գսٸȥ˽ǰѡ˵ӣҪͲﶪ
ƽҰڸդڿǵľٶݺһߵһָˣ
ڴսٸҲ࣬˳ѡͶ˽ȥתѸٷߣϵܣ㣡
ȴûôˣսٸֲ࣬û뵽ⷴӦرֻöһ㱻Ƕһӻ˳ȥ˱ˣ
Һ÷ɳȥʱġѡѾ֣ڿըѣֻɵСƵģʧȥֱ֪ˤɽϣ΢΢һ£űµµȥסᡱҲھҳײ䣬ˡ
磡ƺ󺰵
׿ӦСʹѸٸϹȥ鿴顣
ڵĵԣô
ˤúأ߹ٶˡԴѪں͵ͿԱߵƺ˵һ󣬽ղսˡ
ƺ̧ȥã֣ġѡˣٷҲûʲôãһȥҪ취ŪսٸͲ
ҶͣҪȥƽҰ⣬˵㾶ֱսٸ
׿Ӧעⰲȫ
߰ɰУϵܻúܣµġڰ̧ڰοڸߴվˣҪˣý๫
׿ӦƺȫûĻվɽϣһֱƺӰ
ƺƽҰϷսٸֻ֮䷭ɣƽҰȥ׽ױսٸҪ࣬һȥѹƽҰЩæңæвָˣȴȫץƺ
ƽҰҺ㡣嵽˸դǰֻֿס˹ͷƽҰ挝棬սٸȷ뷨˳˾ǣȷʵдɱʵ۵ı¡
ƽҰؿ磬Ŀδ̫αˡ
ƺһЦһû˵꣬Ųˡ㿴ܶ飬ʵûκս飬ڿأ挝ǳţսٸͲ˵ģ
ҪʲôƽҰ˹ȥŸդƺ
ƺӦ˳ᣬ˽սٸɲ֣ȥ
ǹƽҰĽ䣬˵ܿȴôָˣսٸֶֻ޷ǡֵشƺ
£ƺ֮׾ٵػսٸɵײͲѡѡһͷ˽ȥ
ͷһ죬ٴչᣬսٸ
ɵԶЩƽҰƽ֮ʱƺЦЦսٸ֮УܵǸԶĶƿˣ˵ɱĹô
ƽҰɫǺ죺ˣһһͲãǸͲģҲ
㲻ըţǾ;ԡƺΪսٸָԸ˱ôƽҰܴ̫Ըˣˣܰͻ̫Ϊǡл̵ˣԵģǿ顢ЩͶġ
סڣֻҪߺͻ㹻ǿսʤһУƽҰ
ƺЦЦҲһ㣬ȣĹߺͻûôǿ
ƽҰ֪Լ˵Ҳҧ촽һͨǰĸָˣϲ¿˫װãǰߣݵѡѡĽŲҲΪ֮΢΢
˿սٸһƺķߣ˫һȭȻƺԤеսٸĶܹƽҰսٸ֮бüʧȥǣָҲ࣬Ӵ򲻵ƺ
ƺٴڸդ֮ǰ۵ĹƽҰȰƽҰְɣڻü
ܣ꣬Ϊ˸ҵ㲻ңҲֹңƽҰĿԽƺԶɽվŵ׿Ӧϡ
׿Ӧ˫ĿؿŹƽҰƺЩʲô
ƺѭŹƽҰĿͷ׿ӦУʱĵش󺰣Уվʲô
ƽҰ䣬ָˣսٸұۻ̧𣬌׼׿ӦУֻƺлû꣬ûſսٸƣĿǰֻȭ״̬
һָ֧ˣսٸұ۴װص׻š
еתǳ죬ƺýͨһǻױͲ֮ڵ
ƺ׿ӦУһʱ˵ԵƽΪԼĵָоת׼ɹȥ˴ߡ
Ȼʱ׿ӦкȻˣӰٴϽǽ˼űӭսٸֱȥ
ƺ𣺡УҪʲô
׿Ӧй˲Ӧǽ׼սٸȭ»أڿյһ˲䣬ǽļͷ׼׼Шȭؽϵķ϶У
²ƺƽҰҲͼʱŭɶָ˷ػȭͷͼ׿Ӧ˦ȥ
׿ӦбȭڰлλƵתƺĶǣȴΪζٶ̫죬Ҳû취ȥ˱סֻԱСظţмЩײϡ
磬Զ㣡׿Ӧоһ
ƺ
СҪ
׿Ӧ߬ǽеİ֣ҡأʼ
ƽҰ˦ͼȥץ׿ӦС
׿ӦзƽҰͻȻ˦ˣҲʶһ㣬ԼǧƵ˦սٸֱִտպüΣ׿Ӧбܿսٸָ֮С
ƺɣߣУʲô㡣
ﻹе㡮Ͳ׿Ӧ۵һͷ󺹣ƺЦ磬һסҡ
˵սٸָ촦Ƥ϶С
ƽҰ˿Ѿ׿ӦеӰ֪Ѿսٸæȭſǰ
׿ӦУֱƽҰŭͲ±Ҽô
׿ӦֻưèһһЦǾͱȱȣ˭ɣ
˵ѸȭͲȥƽҰҲѸٽƳ⣬׼ɽºεĴˡ
ƺǴ󺰣ү֣עأ
׿Ӧд˿ѾͲڣһοסƤ϶һִӰٴϹŵĲͳһŻѸҧסһקˡӽͲȡһ
ڣ𣿣ƺԱ߷ţľս
ͬʱƽҰƺĶרעģŭգּɽѾֵǲ꼴ȥɱҲ⣬ַ˷׵ָϡ
ƺ͸դ˹ƽҰĶʱɫ䣺ƽҰУҪڣ㣡үΣܣ
ڵ˼ͲӸµ،ǣָӱʿԱݡ
ǿڲװصĻУ׵ѾţѸȼţԽԽ̣
׿Ӧзšûб˿ͳ˵š
ƺޣ૵С
ˡһšӽͲ׿Ӧз˸˫͵һģƺȥ磡
׿Ӧһֻ̬ƮµɺףڿлһĻߣƺ½ߣνס
㻳ˣ׿ӦαĲӣЦ
ƺ§ĵ챻ˣ
Ͳڽ顱׿ӦдߴٵߣҪըţ
ڴʱ۴䡱һ죬˱Զ˻Ƶģڿʧȥƽ⣬ҡҡλһֱµ
ƺæץסֱסᣬоĵƤ̵һ㡣
ϵͷ۴м䱬ѣڿоһƬ̼ͬ磬е˶ۡ
Ҳֻһ˲㿴ϵǰӴƤ˺ټһƴŰµ
ݵﳵӸγѣ׷׺šɢӴܶȥ
ɽºڡ˴˿̵û˹˼ɣͷؿ۵ڵϣֻ۵һ΢
սٸʧȥͲû˻вǴɽ£ݵش
ôˣڵû˲Ӱɣ
޺޵ҲǶӡ
Ϊ˲
ۺӣ΢΢ҡͷΪ˱ܣҲûн飬̫Ըˡ
̾˿
ƺ׿ӦҲԣǸߴսٸֱۣȻûͷҲʲô飬˾Ͽһ˿ãȻ
ڵĹƽҰȷãȻģû뵽ԼһսٸȻôɵر˷ϵΪػ֡
͸դǵڵϵİֱۣǸܵ޾ı⣬бȼͨŭ
ðǾȫȥ
ƽҰתսٸõ֣ɽչģ¶ļס
ƺǽӣߣ
һ£˶Ϲɽȥսٸĸһƶ޷׼ƽҰһʱҲʱ
ǰʿͱ˾ȥԶûķΪɢӴܣ˿̼ƺ˳ɽǰ˴գ㿴ҿ㣬֪ҪҪ֡
ͬΪˣǾͲ̫ԸԼ˶֣ƽҰѾ·磬αΪƴ
ۿƺ˳սٸ£ҪƽҰ޷ĵطѣָͷ˼ʸ
Ȼ˿ƺ복ԵЩʿ۲ԶƽҰôһżԼⷽ˶ˣƹƹһӵļвԼͬһ¡
ùƽҰȥɣ
ⲨЩʿˣڳһ²ؼ̬ȡ
ƺǾˌ˼໥˸񣬱սٸ˫ȱȥ
ִү㣬˰սٸȸסƺи


189 ת
ƺ׿Ӧѧ, ӵȷǺõĶ׿ӦеǽսٸֱûԼ׸
ԱһӣƵսٸɲֵĸդǽ, Ѹٴȥ, ֱӹ̶˸դϡ
ƽҰŤͷ, ϧȹ̶սٸߵװϣһʱ޷⿪, ŭ磬ҲŹģ
ǾԿƺЦ漴׿Ӧе, УǱһȦһ⴦ϡ
׿Ӧһͷ
˱קӣͷɲȥ
ƽҰ֪µʲô, ΪֹƺѴæȥϵĹ̶װá
ȻԭΪڲٿսٸʱ䣬̶װ÷ǳʵ, Ӵϲһ£Ͼһ, ƽҰԭһĸǻ壬ּý۶ƵƵ, һ̧ͷƺѾקĸդǰ
磡ΪʲôҪңƽҰ, ҵҲ常Яȫ𣿣
ƺһۣΪҶ, Ų㷸Ĵ󡣡
׿ӦҲ˹ƺһѣɻ໰
ƺ뿪׿ӦвƽҰҵˣԺ˵Ҫٸ˺Ҷ㲻
ƽҰŭΪ˭ʲôʸ˵
׿ӦвŲǰȥ
ƽҰ˺һͨŽȫſĵ󱳸դʱƺ׿ӦѾӰսٸɲһȦص˺ǳλãᡣ
ƺŹƽҰƽҰԺǺúģץˣ
ûʲô˵ģƽҰѪ۾
׿Ӧƺһѣ˳ųӻ˵棬ƽҰע⣬ڵʱ䣬ѾսٸȲ˺üȦ
ڼƺ˷ܵ׼ˣɣ
ƺͷСֵܡүͷǹʣ¼ˣ෴򳶣
û⣡ת󺰣Ǽ
˫Ծλżɲֵקڴźˣϵǰߴսٸ˼ΣۿҪˤ
ƽҰΪ˿ǽսٸ̫ߣΪ˱̫䣬пգʹսٸ̲ȡԶɽϣ΢΢ҡҡͷӵϹսͲôơ
ǸߴսٸϧһӣһЩ뷨·ϣܹ츣գǡ
ƽҰǵҪʲô˻ز̨ǰٴδȲĻأͼսٸϵӡ
ʱѾ޷˼һΪֻҪԼսٸ˫ȣȻܹȴȫû뵽һصʱ򣬷սٸȵʱ򡪡
Ҫˣעܣƺ󺰵
սٸбƺѸɢȺץס׿Ӧе󣬴硢СԼԼ˷ֱȥ
ֻһصײߴսٸȻأõϳ
ƺһѽ׿Ӧػڻ
Χ˶˳ɡ
վɽϣԶԶţܳ䶨ˡ
ĳȫȥұؿŻһɱ⡢ս޲ʤսٸ˿ʬһڵϣһۣҲΪ塣
ں˷ܣԶԶƺ󺰣ֵܣǹȥɣ
ƺҪӦȴսٸթʬضһĪţȱ𿿽
Ѳɻбƣ׿Ӧץסƺ󣬡Сģ
˿ѾǰףҲǰǰҹɫãվ͸ɲֵĸդؿսٸߵĹƽҰ
Ǳˤˣ˿Ű⶯Щָˣ֪Ҫվбͼ
֮һƬе˶ϢսٸֻǶֽɵӴһĦġ֨¡Ⱥֱֻ۾Ȼʹ˴ɲ䣡
Ǹķģֽŵλϣ˿ֻϰ͹ƽ鲼ſƬˣһЩȥСӡ
ƺԶԶţԭսٸӲٿصġ
һô׿Ӧе֫Ƭ֫ڲõİϣƽҰָͨ˽пơ
ƺͷӦǰɡ
ȷʵ׿Ӧ̾
ҲĿ࣬źڵˣûսٸôװģ̣Ҳզࡣ
ڵɴۣƽҰʲôӣ
ڵսٸֻʣһɣĸҲһڽڱջأձֻһ˶೤
硭ߴƽҰ
ƺʶǰ˼׿ӦסСթ
ţһע⣬߽һ㣬Ȼ̫˵ʲôƺѱϵġᡱѵһߡ
׿Ӧ룺Һһ𡣡
ƺսٸȻ⸱ģƽҰҲʲôǱͬˡ
ǰ˼ƽҰڡӡڲ࣬ͷѪɫ԰ף͸դؿСʱˣϳҩһޡ
ƺܵظоۣ뵽һܣе۱ֹЮŭ
ƽҰô׿Ӧвƺ˵Ϊʵ
磬ˣҲ֪ˡƽҰĿֱ㶵ضƺ۾ƺӯˮսٸµʱˤȣڶˣܲܡܹܲһѣ
׿Ӧסƺȥ
ȻսٸɿһͺͺǸդӣвǲģܾùƽҰթ
ԱߴҲ˹ƽҰĻһ
ô֣˭ܰæȥСӲģ
Ҳģĵ
ƽҰƺ¶ԥҪǱ˹ײ
ˣûϵġƺ̾һȥɡ
׿Ӧ˫Ŀͨؿ磡
ƺס֣һȥҡ
׿ӦҲ֪޷ֹֻõ˵ͷ
Ҳ˹վʹߣǶȥ
ƺԼ߻ˣƽҰҲû飬ֻ˫Ŀˮڸդһ
ƺߵǰӣô㣬ⶫĶ
ƽҰĿƳһࣺǸֱ۵ԱߣеţȥܿͷиԲεĻõʴһ¾ˡ
׿ӦŷѩƺǰһȥѾǴŵķ϶ҲɫȷʵиԲεġ΢΢ݵĲ֡
ƺסֱۣɡ
У׿Ӧ㷴Ӧҿ죬Իҡ
˵ѩýʵ׶ͱǻһ¡
ۡһӵķ϶ͻȻɫ
Уƺ̰׿Ӧػӽ˻סȻһ̣оһֻצһĶסߴ֨֨еתһɾ޴ͻȻһ߳ȥܵɿ׿ӦУǰݺһƣ
ںͷڡʹû뵽ǹӻð̣ʶסһ㣬ǻعͷʱ㷢׿Ӧб˳Ũ̺ӾȻӶһ޴һĶѸתϿУԭսٸұ۵Ǹĩһצӣץƺ
ƽҰ͸դһָ߲ˣһĿ׿ӦУǹһĨ̵Ц
磡

ֵܣ
ƺƿԼǿ̣׿ӦбоͻȻһ飬ֻתͷҪץסԷһ˫ȴʲôץ
̧ͷʱֻܿǸ׾Ĵץƺ죬ԽԽԶ
׿ӦֻһӦתܣȡƺŷڵϵĳᱳѸգ׷ǴӶȥ
ƺ̹ôᣬҲֻ֣û̫ѧѧҲûʲôãѾûжĳ׿Ӧˡ
һ̣׿Ӧޱƺ̹ԼȻյò죬ϷߣµɣҲббط
ɽǱܣȥȡᣡ
ڵĵؿϵĴӺ׿ӦһۣŴܡ
׿ӦᣬŴӷķ׷ȥϧò·Ƕɵʵ̫죬ô׷׷ϡ
ڽ
Уż㲻ᣬСˤˣ׷ȥ
˵ӿٶȣʧķ׷ȥ
Ҳԣ𼱣ֵܸһ¡
УţӸ׿Ӧһӣһϵϵģץˣһˤ㣬ͷˡ
׿Ӧʧǣʶؽӹӣȴǰֱ㶵طţǣߡ
һߣ䵽һɽ£ײײͣ
ƺǸצڵϵ߻أòͣסƽҰ˴ӵţ˽ȥֲ֪һָˣצĩ룬Ƴȥӵ֡顱һϡ
һƺצֱۺƽҰˡ
ȻòԾǣΧںðỤ̋ûͣ˼
ƽҰ⵽ô£ƺüҴҪʲô
ƽҰͷϵѪѪҺ鿴Ϊɲ
磬ɱ飬ʧȥ˵ʹоôɱҸôͬھɺãƽҰЦЦؿսٸ鲼ףⱾΪ˹ʵ׼Ĺײġд̲ɣʹһﱻը촷ۡû뵽ȴ㡣˵Ҳʵˣ
ƺһƽҰδ·ϣûдɱʵָۣʹʹ㱣㣬̫ӱǣУȻ˵ʲôֻҪϴһȥһл
ܣܣƽҰͻȻŭҿ꣬Ϊ˸ҵҴȥҵһϣˣһ˶ûˣ
ƺŤףڵѪ㻹Ұ磬ǰ˵ЩҲ᲻㣬ţǼ⣬常Ȫ֪۵ģ
ƽҰ⻰ؿƬ̣ͻȻЦ㣿ƭ˭أҰ׿ӦжϽͬһô
һ˵ţһ߽ƺ̧ḧŶԷô磿
ƺԼҪ㿪ҪŭƽҰɹƽҰ䱾ס°ͣż⣬֮شս촽촽
ĴҲôƽҰѪ˿ᣬϹŵȴһ̵Ц
ϧһãҡ
ƽҰûе·𡭡ƺоԷĲ֪ԼʲôֻܾȥȰ㻹дô׵ضˡ
ƽҰɿ˺һַڲٿ̨ϵһָϣ̾˿
飬ɫľȻûˣʲôûˡҸܲůһˡαطϻأ˵һУʹŬʧܹҲ˽ʵʱˡ
ʱͻȻҶƤ϶бİ̡
ƺŹƽҰԣʲôûΪʲô̻ԽԽࣿȥ׶Բԣ˵ʵ
磬վǱҴƽҰƽỊ̇ᡯһģһûоףװʵϸ񣬲ŷôһС·ѾŲסˣϾҪѡѺȻװס
ƺ㻹ʲôſңһӳȥ
ˡƽҰĦָˣͻȻ̧ͷЦһЦ磬±㵱׸ɣһԹĻ
ҾͲ˵ټˣһټ
ƺ˫ŹƽҰƽҰ
ɵɽ¸ԶԶ㿴Ǹӣ㾪ϲػͷ׿ӦǺС硢С֣
׿Ӧһҡֱȥ૽ţ硭
ûüɵԣ㿴ɽµĴͻȻѡ
أ
أأ
תۼɽ´ӸըѣʯһԶǴݵ˲ƽأ
磡׿Ӧзһ˺ѷεĺʶɿˡᡱֱҲɿץŵǸӡ
۵һӰպݺˤ˵ϡ


190 
ƴԼֵܺͺļݵصһͷ, ŵĶսҲ㿴˸ȫȻҲû뵽ֽһʱãȻ֪롣
Զ, һ֧黺ǹ, Ƴһʹɫ, ҸϽȥס
վסƴȵ
Ϊһ, ǲǴˡ
һ
Ϲһսѳƿأ̷, ش˹ϣЦЦǵˣ鷳һá
ֵܻ࿴һ, 㡰Ŷһȥóһ·
Ƕͨ, һ˳ǱȭЦлˣֵܡ
Щųһݶ, ǰ˲һ·ǣƥ·ߣΪ׵Ǹһ, Сܹȥ, վǰͷ˰񣺡ָʹ
ţɡ˵, һɫ糣ˣȻ۸ݵöκ𡣡

һ˲ȥ򷽲Ǵʧʣҡҡͷ߰ɡ
ҪȴԱߴһỽ塣
ѭȥʦ
֪ʱС·棬Цſ
ߵ棬񣺡ʦû뵽Ҳˡ
ϵԳ֣룬Ҳֻܼܵһ㡣ܴɣҲðһ˰ɣ
ϼ΢΢һ˻
װ⣬û뵽±Ӱӡ
˶٣ʦΪѣҲʲô
ֻһӣ
˭Ǹλϣ˭ǿӲڵ𣿡
Ϊ˽𲻹˴֣
дʣ˽һģֻҪܴܶҾҲϧ
ؿҲηӭĿ⣬ʦ˾˶ţ˫ףͬǰһж鶼²һɶˡ
áͻȻ˼꣬¶ƣͷɡ
˵գתԶȥ
ѧͱʦ
󺰵򺫷ıӰ˹ݴ
Ļţʼղͷ
---
պ
׿Ӧݿ£䣬ð˺磬߬һ£ڱƽǴɽ¸һš
ըˣ⴦µɽȫƽ׿ӦĿһĻӰվֱˤȥԭɵòߣˤڵһѹ֮ʶʲôһԾǱƽĵطܹȥŵķѩͿʼڡ
ԱߴڶŻˣ׷أܹȥ붼ûһõڵء
ţͻȻʼޣᡭôƽҰǷ硭
µ§ס磺ģҪˣҪʬޣޡ
һ߰ο磬ԼҲʼʡ
ŵıըôң¶ˣˣпܻ
УУڸذѵһӣһץסԱ׿ӦеֱۣˣǻȥЩ²ڵø죡
׿Ӧкݺ֣ľһڣֻܽڿһʯԾһһºݺ䣬ôô˵һŲһ񶼲
ڵĵؿ磺᲻ᡭ
У˵仰߹ȥӣֻŵһ취
׿ӦûзӦ磺ˣȥɣڣͿſأһͣ˵Ϳˡ
ڵɣȥ
ݵش꼵˻ϣ֪˺£ѸǶӱȫɹȸЩҲһûûҹؿʼڡ
Ҳ˹ȻʲôɲˣֻڴˣҲҪߵš
Ҳûжһˡ
׿ӦУ⼸һżÿֻ֪ʯͷľȻĿڳϼͷһ˫ȫѪݣҲϢĢ́ȥ˯˳ϵˡ
ֻҪѹ̾¼ȥڣһ仰Ҳ˵
Ҳû취ֻȥѭŴΡˡڡٴεĹ̡
ʵ̫ˣôڶڲƵģһһϣչȥ󲿷˶þҵƺҲһʬˡ
ֻû˸Ҹ׿Ӧô˵ʵ˭Ҳ˵ʲôֻ͵͵ֹΪڷ˺ݻ˭˵һ䲻ģ͵ͷ
˵գʷ磬գм۵ѾڱдϢƬ̣ȵ
ֻ׿Ӧһˣ·𲻾ƣƵһֱŲӣƽɽ£˲ۡʯͷ
ܹȥ˳׿Ӧеĸ첲УЪһԼۻ˻ôڣС
׿Ӧ֣ʯͷ
ż϶ܿڵǶȫһˣ㿴ͻʣôһ㡣ڱȻţ͵ɽҲûԶˡ
׿ӦǲЩš
ˣ
ںɸ֣ܻزԶǰͣ鲻ͣȿڽɣС壬һȦ°ֵڳȴҲ˵ˣ
׿ӦͻȻֱ֣ͣӹڴڵغȥѿڻȻɻ
ˣ˵ʲôãڲݣֵ㣬ҲǸ
˭֪׿ӦûӼ£ͻȻһŻһѷźȥĽȫ˳ȻǺáȿȿȡͣԡ
ڸæ󱳣㣬𼱡
Թ׿Ӧв԰׵УȥϢһɣڣһȳ
˵׿ӦͻȻһڵأˮһһεǰʯϣ֪ỹǺǡںڰ￴ġһ⡭
Ҳܡͷš
Ҳܡٻصڰȥ
ӲݹĺӣΪ⻰ۿҲ̫
Ĭȥ۽ۣԱһ
׿ӦҲӵڡ
ӣͷǴ𣺡ЪˣҪɣ
۵ھɽȻӺ꣬˲ûϢ
ӺͲſ꼡︺˭˿˾͹ȥԣɻ
ɫϦصͣѾʼ˵ѣʱ׿ӦͻȻӵ£ͻǰһˡ
ΪεˣϽܹȥУû
û˵꣬׿Ӧ˫ֶ߶µشﾾһɫĲϡ
ƺ֮ǰŵġ
׿Ӧжؿ鲼Ƭ̺͵һ¶ˣƾһ˫ȥ
ڼ״кΧͳһ²ӡ
ڣСĵ㣡ˣֲֲ
׿Ӧмֲ£ڵֻȫˣ˸ֲһͨϸַھ֮ڳ˸ĲϣȻǰʯͻȻȥһС顪Ŀǻ
ǿյģûڣ
Ȼʱ׿ӦжǺĿ׶һͷ˽ȥ
У Ŀ࣬Ӧ֮ϽֹԱߵ˼ڣͣ£ͣ£ϱߵС˰ˣ
ӴչһӣСҶӣ
һֻ֣һͷק˽ȥƬ̺׿Ӧе磡
ϲ󺰡
˵ứµ
ڴ֣˷̫ܵˣû׸ɣ
¿׶УƺϢϻצӹšʱ䣬һȦӵǳïʢ˿̻Բѣ׿Ӧôҡζûа㷴Ӧ
׿Ӧ죬һƺؿڣסҪȥȴʲô
洫У𵢸飬Ȱ˴
⻰׿ӦæϵԼϣȱƺ˰һק˳ȥ
ʱɫȫڴȼ֧ѣ˴յ硣
꼺ҲŸ˹Ȼƺ۾еﲻ⡱һ
׿Ӧ֣ڵϣµذƺԼŶԷͷֲףءĿȻѾ
ץƺڳȫסصۡ
һʱ˵ذˣֻЩ΢ĳɽķÿԼ
תƺͷǿƤ˿ۣһ
أЦҵûأ
һ׷׻ƻ
̫ˣ
Ǽ࣡
׿Ӹ÷ˣ
׿Ӧ̶ƺϰ˻ƣģΪʲô
Ĩ˰᣺쵰Ӧ֪ԼҪϺþã취ɢߡأ
ǳɧֵ࣡ž߰ɣߣ٣˼
缤촽ֱ£治ӾǺã
ԱҡͷҲŹЦ
ˣұˣֵ̧ȥŪѰɡ꼵С塢ƣȥҹظϣ
ƺ۵ʱ򣬷ԼһλƵĵطģеơ
ӻѣʶ룺ܵظôͶ̥ˣ
κش˸Ƿ컹ûüϣһϤˣ
ڰռͻһĨ⣬ӳ׿ӦһžӸ¡ǳ
ƺһ£ôҰУ
ʲôأɵˣ׿Ӧһ첲ϣĻ˼䡣
һţƺҪ˭֪һֵ˻ȥ㿴ˣԼʮֿ㹻һŴ׿ӦоԱߵһСؿ
һû׿ӦһСѿˣѲ
ҲңҵĺðУĸΰУ̫ˡƺס׿Ӧе֣Ħϱʵʵôˣ
׿ӦаѻӲڳİ̸ܶûʲô㵹֪ɢҪȻСûˡ
ǵȻ˭ƺҺװڰٴˣ㶼֪צӹţжѾŰԽ
հȳʱүι˵ûʲô󰭣ϲˣ˿ڶˣЩˮڻﲻҺ㿴
òãڸоأеƺУûɻ
׿ӦбߣĴٿҲݲӲţ˱š
ƺĦ׿Ӧе۵ðУǲǵĻˣСһȦ
ѣһŵס׿Ӧе
˰ɣðˡ
ңҲ֪ƽҰ㡣׿ӦдۣƺѹԼ׷ʲô
ƺ̾ǴװףܷҲΪװ˹ϣܿҪԱƽҰȻڿ˵Ҫͬھһ̣ûذҵ˳ȥұˣѹŷͷһʯҴһѨҾ֪һңԷѾɢĵңٺ٣ϡ
׿Ӧж˶٣ƽҰʬ塭ûҵ
Ӧը޴Ѱ˰ɡƺ
硭׿ӦͻȻסľӵԺ󡭡ٶҡ
ƺḧĺ󱳣ˡԺֻ㣬Ƥҩһճ㡣
׿Ӧп޵ûʪ˶ԷǰץƺһҲϷ֣Ǳһʧõı
ĸΰУһƺ°ͣ˫ڰӰӵ˫ۣȥ
е㡣
һͿȫðڽ׹ȥ⾪Ķǵļ£ƺʧãҲܸȥ׸
Ҳڵ˻ǣƽ
񴦣ǧĺƽ
۵⣬һֳ
ꡪ
лҪ˵
ţƪŲĲ־͵ϻʵۺ͹ߵĴڷ~
⻹д簢ȥ͡޸СɰžۣǵĴ飬ԼıŸӣһһŮɺ簢и
ܻķ⣬ΪдʮϵCPӦþµĿͷһ˯ʮ̥꣬ǣػҲػҸ
ʵд뿪ɣȥϵĵĹ£ϱһҳСӣһͱ˹ˣcpҶˣأԴʡ硷˿ȽȽ֦Ҳһְ~
ϻںصӦöǱȽɵ֣¹ܶҪŵ֮ܶˣΪĿǰҲǺѹǩģҪдһЩԣӶûڣֻϲЩдºٺ١
߶֮ллƪģллҵСʹǣģϹ~
صлһֱԵͬѧҾĪ֧֣پϹôô~


191 һ ҹ̸
ƽҰһ, ͳһöӣ̫Ȼ޲õûзҲٲ׷ٳ£·ϵõĸҲ׷׳, ûٹܳźȥδӡ
ɴ˿, ׷ǵİ, Ƿϻʵ۵ּ⣬ֵá
ƺ֮, 꼺ڴ£˺ƺƵĳӣһȥԲ˾뺫
֪ƺѹɽ֮, ȻҲʮֵģݣܸϸֳ֪ԷѾ, Ҳûд󰭣˿
ҹӵִź֮ʱ, ųѾڴغʱ
ƺſű˴̧ġ
ɢֻܰڲԲȵ״̬άϵ, ȴܰˣѹɽ֮ʱ󱳻б若˿, ʪĵ´˼죬Ѿŧ, ˿ڸΪ
, ú󱳾ʹǽ·һֱſһ·ͣ㣬Բ߰ʱ䣬ټȲƻָ˲ûö٣Щɢ˹ͷ
ƺ˺ҾһҹӸճֵ˻ȥ
վһԵ׿ӦУ
ʵţջָʹܹ㲻ɣ
ƺ׿ӦСٺ١һЦⲻƨɳ˲̫
ŻҾˣƨɻң⸱ˣƶģһĳأ䶼ǰźˣȥϢ
˾ʮֿطܹµرסʿǵĴ̣ͨͳŴȻãϵ˶ǵ䡪ƺ׿Ӧг⡣
˭ԶϹͷŽҲ𲻿أ
ϵ˺õ߰˰ˣ˼Ҳõòֻ࣬·ϵߵʵܣھֻƽһǴҹҲû˾ྣԹ֮󣬸ڷﰲ˯
׿Ӧ˴ˮƺͷϸһ飬ָոµ£Ź˵ԼʰˣŴԱߣӡ
ֻǺڰУǧſŵϣ˫۵ɵñǻ˯⡣
˯۾ôʲô׿Ӧ΢΢Щŭ⣬úϢôܿЩã
ƺЦһĸζƢǳ˲١
ˣ׿ӦҲ֪ԼĶԷƣ⼱꣬ȷʵƢһ첻Ȭһ춼ðģ˵ˣɡ
ƺס֣ôõҵȻϣɵӲźڡҾе㼤˯ţҪָ̫ʹúһġ
ָʹæ˯ģ
Ȼ׿Ӧлδ䣬Ʈ˯ûУû˯£ָʹ˵Ҫ빫ӱҹ̸
׿ӦУ
졣
ԷԼӡƺ̩ͨ׿Ӧе֣СûУڳһƽˣ㿪ģ
׿ӦеȻģ֮ãǷԶ½ۻΪʱ硣
ҪҪģĵĻҰظ˼ҡ
ȥȥģƺæͷĸһưס
ʵſţ
׿Ӧ˴ţû˯СһŸ㽫̧ȥָʹ
ŶãȥƬָ̺ʹԹ׿ӦһȭתҴȥ
ƺǰԹڴϰһֱſţ˿ҲץŴû˵ǰ߼米š
׿Ӧһͷˣʱɫ֡
ûüƺЦû£ָʹܲҲһֱſŰɣԵҶಡƵģ಻
׿Ӧ⵹ҲǣҲȥˣһ˵
ɣԱ߼ලҡ
ָʹ£˭Ҫල㡣׿Ӧеۣȡ¹һߵķѩȥ
һ߰ձҲʱӽˡ
ƺ
⻰ֵֹģָʹʲôƵġ
Ƭ̺󺫷׿Ӧ˸ȥˣ˿ռǴϥ̸
ǰڶ˾źſڼʱƺټ˵ļ˿˱ҹ̸ĵӿȴ޾ĸпͱˡ
겻˷ǣҲ࣬ǰ·ڵϹĻãڱӰһգƺϵԽԣ֮ǰǸ緢ָʹȥԶ
ƺʱûܱס㣬һֱһڣǵǸһȦҲˡ
ͣҲô࣬ⴹȥģֻġ
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Цһ£ûЩʣ㾿ε֪ʼٸƽҰ
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ҪҺһ𸴳𣬲Ż㾡ؽߣ̫ˬɣһ˷ǣһȦӣϷԲϧҲΪƣͬ飬ҲʼղҳңղŻʹĽճ
ƺһȥ˺
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̫޴ˣָʹҡͷʲô˶
ƺĬ˵ûԼ˽常ΪˣҲ޷ػӳһ
ʱаֳɣճˡ
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ҪѡҲǣ
⻰Ǳ⣬ƺ̧ײϺ۾ͻȻһ˿ζ
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ӣ˼ģƬ̺ŵҷܶΣܾǱɣضƵģӦ֪ٲÿܻˣҲڳûбѡ񡣡
룬ôˣ̤ʮһ̣ʲôˡ
׵£뵽ΪõͼֽԭԶ׼
һˣ߹ͣսΪ᲻أ
̫ˣһ仰ˣƺ˲ඥͻȻ˹ɽǰǱЦ־飬᲻ҡ֪
һۣ֪ΣڹɽˣҪôҪôһܴɵĻʵͬŹʱԣѾõѡˡ
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ƺֽץŴ㹻֪һ㣬˵ȰƽҰ
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ǡ
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ƽҰп֪ܺĸ֮ĲмǰݻʵͣƺȻ
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˵ТǻûǸϡ常̫óУƽҰϸ࣬Ȱ㣬ƽҰ常ҲǶмɵʱ˽ÿҲƴڻһЩƺô˵˼䡭ȷʵЩ롣
ܶǿģֻеɽΪʲôҪѹƽҰͻ԰סһҲδȫڰȫǡס۸һʲô£ܻһסôԶǱ޳Ī˰
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˵ȷʵ̫˽ƽҰҲ˽常֮ĹϵƵ
վⲽΪ븸ĸȻΪɽҲ
ȷûпƽҰһ棬ǰֻΪһԹĺӣû뵽ƫִ˽ݶƺͷڴϣʹĵƽҰ֪ԼβмԻʵ۵ĺҲһˣΪ常𣬶ǡΪԼ
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ƺæȰοָʹĸƤƽҰ常Ķӣǲն֮¶ǧԼϡ
Ŵ뵵ĹӰ̾˿¾㵽ΪֹԺǲᡣ飬Ÿң˵ҼʬԼ棬֤͢ӴϲгžɲҲǼˡ
ķŹǣŲţȻҲ׷Ҳ˰ǰҲûʲôˣǶزصҿ׿ƣԺͰȥǵӰɡ
ָʹиʡƺץŴվؿź
Ťͷƺ֪ʲôĬƬ̺ſڣãʡ
常ԸĻ壬ҲȷʵͣսԸο֮顣ƺأǱ˰ģҲӶ׷¡
ƺ
ܸܲңʵ۳ıߵǸ˭
ƺǵ򺫷˼ȻǷСһ£ǰȥ˫ȷס
ָʹңǲ˾ӡ̫Ժƣƺ׷ʣ常һ£æ̹Ҫҧ常ǵ͹Һ常ĸ飡ʵϵ׹ҿԲƽϣԺˣҲŹ
εƺŹԼɣ
ǲƺִ׷ʡ
ƺ۾ĬƺҲưոݣᶨػ
Ƭ̺ƺ󣺡ָʹһԼİΣ˵ģһҪйأҾԲὫԼվģ
ԺǸ˵ö֮Ĵ쵰ƺߣ£ֻܳģûбˡ
ƺס֣ͷϿҵл
֮ɫƺѾʧȥ飬㡭Ҫء
һġƺӦ˻⣬״˵ʬˣ
ţˮ²ǳ֮ƣұ˽ͻ۸ϼңյϢѾĸԱˡ
С飬Ȼʹ⺢ӼųġûսϣȴԼŰɱֻ΢һ뵱ʱѡ
ƺͶ֮ĴΣҲ۵ú죬˿̿ź飬Ǵͷӿһʹ⽻ӵĸУͨһȥָʹҵĴҵĴ
ɵӣʲô£æȥƽҰĴôܹ㣡
ǡ̫ûˡܿסչ˲ˣкĿȥ常
ƺشأһʱᣬоеˮŴ󱳶ֱͦˡ
Ϊʿսԭⷽѿż˱Ѱʿϵͬһһ޼䡣ƺٺҶ˿Բ·ϣղ˭Ҳû֣»֮׵ա
ɲ鲻ᣬƺܿóжĬĬ죬ϵĲ⣬޷ǶǿջЦˡ
𰴻شϣĳƺ㶼ףҲٶѴ࣬û˻㣬ҲȥԼȪ֪Ҳİ֪𣿣Ҫȥĵػȥ
ƺźͬ˫ۣص˵ͷ
ڱʹɷΪ飬綨Ϊ㱨𣬼֮飡


192  
׿ӦԺ˻, ܿͷ󺹣㵽һԾ˵ˮˮư˸ʹ졣
ˣôû磿
ϲĵ, һûεʦ׿Ӧѭȥ, Ȼӱ˫, Цݿ
ָʹҹ̸Աߴʲô֡ϵ, ʦҲ˯⼸ղҲûϢá
Աʯ£Ц˵, ҹݣ˴׶˾ŵ˯ţ𣿡
׿ӦСҡһ棺أ
ӵЦ, ׿ӦúƬֵ̺СҶ֮ʲô㣿ǲһ˰ɣ
⡭Ҫġ׿Ӧдʵ, Ҫȥ͡޼ʦһס, ٻĹˡ
⻰ҡͷ޳ȥͽܣóȥˮ
׿ӦУ
λ, ʱҲȥ͡ޣ, ָҪʲô£϶ǵĶȥ, أٿǿǡڵϵ˥ǿɻ첻𡣡
׿Ӧ룬ӦҲɣȺ鶼꣬ˣٽžۡʦ˯ţҪȥ밲
ţһ뵹Ҳ
δɡĸӻûü˵˱ƺ᷿Ǳߴ׿ӦСݡŤͷȥ˳᷿غ뿪
ʦɻ˯Ȼȥˣ׿Ӧѩһ̵ˡ
ӣ
⣬Լóȥˮ
׿ӦнʱƺѾƽܶ࣬Ŵһֺ׵ۣɵس匝һЦˣ
׿ӦаѷѩѵѾˮ͸ۣţָʹĵΣ
ܳȥΪƺͺ̸ģǲԸ⿴ƺᡣ
ƽѪĺ磬ģǲ޵ġ
һ̫ˡ
׿Ӧ֪ƺԼǰٻǻѹһЩʹ댝̵̫࣬뺺ܽ뺫ҹ̸ĻᾡйҲǼ¡
ĵò˳˺ܶ¡ƺЦ֣ұ
ʲôһòϴ
ˣҰкζš
׿ӦУ
ܲסеĿ⣬ֻô˹ȥԼ๫§˸ʵʵ
ʵ˵§ʵƺ˿ϣ׿Ӧиæסƺʧ
£һãһôãĸƺЦе˵
˵ɡ
ƺļ򣬰ѻ˵˵ָʹ˵ǰ飬˭µоأģ˵ʲôʲôȻͷȥ͡ޣҲʦһǼϣһס
ȷʵǼ£׿ӦˣЦڿ㰢㲻ˡͬΪӣεǼһ
ֵӦû⡣ƺ룬ִЦҪһŮӣ
ð׿ˣ˵ȴΣеɣ׿ӦƤЦⲻЦ
ƺһС̲סĶ¶Ҳϸǻͷһ
ǲȥҹ߱𣿡׿Ӧʵͬȥ
ƺƫͷһڣҰоôƽ⣬˹¶ȥָ˵Ѿ˼ƻΣգģĹһϡ
׿ӦٶȴϣΪǰԩû顣๫ȥȥĶҲ뿪ҵ֮ڣ
ɵϣû˦㡣ƺ˱ЩԺֿ
֮׿Ӧлȥﰾ˰һȥһƺ
Ҫ뱨壬壬͵úú˯
ڶƺѼƻ˽ȫƱ޳ɣ꼺Ҳ룬ƺһڻؾ
̫ΣգԽԽã״硢磬ڻǰ˶ţðգƺ
ɣ¶ģȥɵߣһ˾ҧгݣ˵Ǵ׵ĵˣҺô飬оǼҵУûٸ£Ҳø㡣磬Լȥˣ㻹ǻȥ̯ɣ۳ôã֪Ǳ߱˿ûӡôļҵɱ׶
꼿ЦãҲûô
Сҡͷй¶Ų
ˣ
͡ãڽһ·ȷʵѾ߽ˡ
ʵҪԽҲ湻¡
ôˣ֮ǵȴҰٳ
ʱ³û죬㵽Ԫڣƺ
δñгǰټԪڲҳײ飬ûŹϳԼСĳ棬³ͬѣϱ׿ӦнҹɫǣֵصһȦȥӱ߷˺ӵԸҲˡ
˯ǰ׿ӦеݸһúС᣺𿪿
ҵ𣿣ƺ۾ʱ˷СĵȥӣΪûء
׿Ӧеôܣô򵥹Ҫеġ
ƺӣؽչֻֽϻһλŴ۵ɾֶһö˵ӢǷȣ˭
⡭𣿡˵ò֪ôˣ׿Ӧ§һڣ°ѻŪˡ
׿Ӧй۲飬ϲʤŷģϲѾǾˣûٻ㴩װģ
ϲȻϲһθһ񣡴Ҹϲɫҳĵöྫ񡣡ƺ͵͵׿Ӧһۣǡȱһˡ
׿Ӧ̿򴽵һ˰ûܻ֮ϡ
ҲСƺٶСذѻϵãŻϣŻһʳ׿ӦѹڴϣĶʱͻ·ġ
׿ӦУ
һﶼЩʲô
ƺ˿̵Ѿðֱ׿Ӧ죬ֱԲĸΰУ롪
㲻롣׿Ӧذֻצ˴ȥ˻ûȫؾ¶ɡ
˶ˣˣȥʴү˵˵Ǻ󱳣ֲһ㲻£ᡣ
׿ӦԾҡͷҲУܿҪȥ𣬲
ݸƨӶˣ֮ǰ̵ö㲻֪𣿡ƺίͰͣ˵ҪѮղų㹻ˣ
׿Ӧп⸱ֱ뷢Цʼղɿڣ̣ȵ͡ޣɻ֮ʲô㡣
СðУƺᴵ󣬡һ¡
׿ӦгĬƬ̣ŤͷǺðɡ
ٺ٣֪ҡƺ۾ʱˡ
㲻ȫҵġ
СǵȻǴӦƺ֮ãԹƽ
Ȼ󡭡
ֻܳ˸뱥
һ󱻷ˡӰҡ׿Ӧг߹ŵ۽ǲ˲֣ͱƺһץȥס
ˣջҲƭҡ
׿ӦгЦü䣺𣿡
ƺš
ˣԼ๫ξͷŹ
ȶɣӴŴв²
׿Ӧй˹°ͣЦýðʱҲʲôо
ƺ
еΣգ
˴ڴϱ˴ͣ⣬ʤ
ƺкȻһ뵽ʲôʵΪʲôһΪ֮ǰƽҰһǸС񣿡
š׿Ӧû̹ϣϲ㣬Ҫһж滻
ɵĸΣҸָ飬ֻǡ̫ǿԼˡƺ׿Ӧеֱ֣һڡ
׿Ӧз˸ۣҡ
ãܲܣôС
ƺأԿģóԴ׵İǿɰɰһڳԵ
С̫θˡ
׿ӦмƺһţʲôأˣҪȻߵԼ
˭Щˣ̨ƺٺһЦս׿Ӧе֣֮ǰƭ˵ǶڣΪҪһȥ㡣һ죿
׿Ӧһ漴һĨЦ⣺Ѿѽ
ΣҺЩΪ׼ƺȭȭ׷ʣ죿ܱԪڸ˵ڣ
׿ӦкЦҡͷôͨȴòͨˡ
ӵθڣƺգ˵ǲ˵
ҵ¶ʮˡ׿Ӧб죬ӰУ۾ԡ
ƺ룬סˣʶɿ֣¶ʮˣҡ
۸һμӡ
׿ӦҳóԵ棬ʶֵǣˡѡ˷˼Ļأס˴Ӱ׹ңҰݼ常Ȣϱõָϣҡļ
õһ
յĻ׿ӦеĽһƺǰעһޣ̲ס׿Ӧ뻳УǌĶͷ
Уҡ֪˵ʲôЩΪղĸź־ڤڤ֮İţڲδʱȻĻ䡣
׿Ӧп£̧ͷĴ磬źʲôҪĲʱΣûдǸҪʱ̣ڻǾϲ
ȷʵ̫ྪϲƺҲãĵõһ
õģ
ܲ˳ڴ
лҪ˵
첻~ٹ~


193  
¶ʮ, ˵˶ãȷûд󰭣ƺ׿ӦСڼ˸˺, ۸Ӹſ꼼ر, ȴ׿Ӧе֪ͨ
³, ۸һƬⰻȻƺ˷뿪ĸµĳǡ
ӹüȿ, 뿪һôã׿ӦУֻ¡
Ҳһ, ˼ڷòɴתΪһж뿪ʱ޶¡
ֻһꡣ
֮һ˸̳þ, ֲЩֽǮȸɽǰǰµȥһһ, ֣ؼָȥƽĹ, ݼ顣
˽ĹúܺãǰһڵĹһ, ΧһȦһµʱ䣬ֲ粻һ˶, ֦ͦΣǸ߸ݵСһ
ǰɾ, ӲݶûһãﶢĹ˻ԵԶȥƬ̺һ׻Ĺǰ
飬ǡˡλ׸鲻¶ĺӣһȦվһԵڰļ
ŰݼɽѾǳ䣬˿仰ڳĿϣ̲ס᲻ܿƵص
ҲûȰֻǵݹȥᡣ
׿ӦҲѹƺķӦʶŤͷԷ
ƺ򴽲üĿ䱯崣ûᣬ̳ơ
׿Ӧж°æľݸˡ
Ժ󣬴ҽڵϣֵŷ׷׾һ
顱顱ƺͷˤڵϣ飬½֮飬ҰϢɣ
վĹǰĹϹ
΢紵Ĺǰ׻ǵͷ⡣
һнƺӷسڶ˾ãȥ塣
ϴһǶ˫֮Ҳ˵޹ϵ˷ټŵ˶Щӡ
֮ǰƺɱߣΪڴ׾ڣ±ȥ£ڱ
пɿ鱨ʾѾص˶ǴǱɱһ䲻⡣
Ҫ߽ͨڣҪͨ顣Ȼ׿Ӧп飬Ͼʵĺá֦ʾṩ
ⲻ⣬̫ӾսɣͿ߲ˬֺǰƽҰڷ粻˵ʲôͶλй֮⡣
ŵˣҲǿеһѵˡ
ƺûȤֱԷĶ֮Ŀһµģˡ
ڸſڣסƬ̲ŵҲȥεġûбҪҾͲȥˡ
Ҳ˴ͷβװ࣬ҿͷ
ƺ˿ų飬ͷУȥɣ⡣
׿ӦУûüڣλƽСĸαȥģȥĶ
ƺԴԼٳ֮׿Ӧм粽룬é޶Ҫŵĳ̶ȣǼʵöԷĲˡ
˻ôͻȻˡŤͷϵܣ۸ûкô򣬿ȥơ
΢΢һЦתͷɣ

ǿЦԵĸоҲôá
뿪磺ǻؼҿ
ţš
ƺǵӰȥҼҼϣ
˻ظ֪
׿ӦиƺſͨƬ̺󷵻أָʹ롣
߽˾ãԺھĸǰȣûиı䣬һлĿ˿ȴ˷ǣꡣ
ҲûʲôĿףǣֻδ£ֱóͨݵǰ
飬һ׹뾳һ׽ȻͬݣǴɱɹ󷵻شס
ƺЩ飬Цָʹ˿ǵܵ
ǲ˽ȻҲϣƽ嵭
׿Ӧдƺнӹ飬˼֮պá
ƺ֣ǰһֱ룺ָʹˣ֪ںδ
ҪѰ𣿡
ô˻Ҫ
ЦһûǸ˼ŮǹƽҰϴɫģƽҲֻϴֱ硣˵ԴӹһʧȥӰȥˣҲ
ƺ壬ȷû֮󣬱˵ͷȭлˣʹ˱Уߡ
˵ɴת׿Ӧд뿪ãӰ
ĿͶˣε̾˿
뿪֮ƺ׿ӦûǲǣƥڽϻС
߳·֮׿Ӧвʣ磬ǲǴҷһ׼ٵģǷشʱʹá
ƺ̵ϸߣʲô㡣
ЩҲǰ׸ģȻҪѧ㶫ҪȻҲ̫ûˡ׿Ӧǫ飬ȴΪ⣬忴ûе⣬ֵûǳϣ˷޳ɾţһٶͻȻ뾳ʱǿסǿǽ첻飬еصزӦ
˵㣬ҾѧЩõġƺ֣ЦѧĲôأͷʦҿô죿
׿ӦСҡһ˵þ͸Ƶġ
һûһгţ·ȥ˱īիЩīֽɰȲϣӵ֮׿ӦƳƺһۣлҪ˵һֱտڲˡ
ƺ
˵ʲô˵£µʲô
׿ӦҲԼе飬ȥס
ǰ߲Զмҿջ۸ɵģߣ㿪һŷȥ
һƺɹ׿Ӧе˲ˣΨ²ҵʣôҲ⣿
׿ӦϺݺŤһѣûһҿ𣿡
ôȥҼҰƺͽƵסԷϸ٩Ц
׿Ӧ֪ǹⶺŪԼŲһף˦ĸ첲ˣȥסһŷǮյġ
ôôƺһץס󣬡Ȼȴȥһط
׿Ӧв⣺ȥģ
ƺû˵һ·ӱ޳˳ǡ
ҹɫŨأ׿ӦҲĶĶû׷ʣ˲²⡣
ȻƺȥһƬɽͷ˴ɰһҵĹأ˴Ĺ뻮һһɼС飬ռƬɽ¡
ɽŴòûӣƺش׿ӦһĹǰ
Ǳ߹ʿĹءƺֵ˴Ҹĸ֮
׿ӦеĲʵͷһնԷ֣硭
ƺĹЦǰУҵˡҪϺˣ治ҿѽУţ
׿ӦＤе㲻˼ŵЩвڡ
ȿȣʲôƺ˻˽յ֣ضݹˣβݸá
׿Ӧ룬֣һ۽ǣͨˡ
ƺû뵽ˣϽһ¡
һĹͷ׿Ӧֱ˺һ뺺繲ͬˣɣϷġ
䣬㱻һ˫ı۰ӵһȵǡ
׿ӦеڵˣСŵ棬ú𣿡
ʣԽԽˣƺԲѡ
׿ӦУ
Ҳһ
길ĸƺ׿ӦлԼңʵҲĸСԺȥȥɽס꼰ڣֻ
һֻһСԺӣû˴ɨͥԺﳤӲݣľһƬ١
ʰþֻΰ϶˻ҳ׿Ӧ˷ܵؿԷܳȥ﷿Ƕιһͨž²ȥˮ
ƺӣҲĳȣŸ첲վˮϹۡ
ôֳЦǺǵʡ
׿ӦҡˮꤣļңĺۼУﻶϲҪúðɨһ顣
ɨʲôǾˣҲˡƺй򡣡
׿ӦвΪȻסһҲҪɨҲš˵֣ôҲæ
Ҳֱ׳ϱٳּһ¡
׿ӦаҡˮͰͻȻһ֣ƺ˸ſŶԷһµıЦ

˰ѹձˮڣֹ񫣬ٴˮδ̶һ飬ֻǱ˻ңϴֻ˼飬Żҳζ͸ˡȣҲøʵҲ㰭¡
֮ƺˮźҰɾİԡԼˮһ践Էʱ׿ӦѾſϿʼͨˡ
ڣ޸ļ򵥵úܣֻǻ˻ݣܿˡ
׿ӦиհѸĺõã㱻ƺһϴ§ڻ
ճѡ
ƺӱ
§ô
УһԸ棬§
ʲôԸ
Լ§Լϱ
׿ӦУ
־Զ
ڶһ磬˱ĽѣԭںˡǸڣֲ´ſڳɤӺƵġ
ƺȥǿţЦôϵܣûŰɣǴ緹
Ҫǲ밤Ͻ⸱ƺһѶʳУȥŰɡ
׿Ӧϴ꣬Է극Ǳڹ֮·ȥǣѾڸƺˡ
Уɫڱƺʮشк
׿ӦĮֲʧòһͷš
ĵãû
׿Ӧп˿ڱݵƺӢӱڣƽƽ棬쵽˶ﶼҲ֣תͷڣסû𣿡
ұڸҪڽͣ㱻׿Ӧдˡ
ֻԴҲԣ⸱ٸע⣬òݡ
ۡԱƺûסЦ˳
ڣ
±ѰѰʾˣŲҵջģҲӢúܣϵܲ٣
׿Ӧȫ΢΢üŶ¶
ҡ
ᣬаԼݰǵĳ嶯סˣھˣ˻ݣ鷳ġǴӶ˵һ㿴ʲôнüĿΣ
õģ㻰˰ɣ׿ӦЦˣٸŪһɡҼʶƵı»˼ᡣ
ڣ
ţ
׿Ӧоǿھ̲סҪԳҲûöԷݡ˭ϡѽ
лҪ˵
ڵõĵŻ¶
˧϶˧ˣҲʷǳศɣͦ˵ģԴһֽСϹѹƷʣǳǷһcpͳԱˡ
һղأ


194  
ʱ, ׿ӦҲݣһſεС˵Ĳƺֱզࡣ
ҲǸֻġ׿Ӧеǳ
ƺί, ǿ⸱ģۣ
, , ǿûͷؿģ, ûˡز𴩣ǲǶ䣬˾ͺɫ
Աһˣ
д𣿡ƺ׿Ӧеļ, ˭ȿƤſġ
˵ûʵǳֻ׿ӦЦбƺһۡ
ƺԼĿȫǵ
˵Ц˼䣬￪ʼ, ׿ӦбƺһȥΪαװ׼
Լʱһо, һ˱·װȥе, ۸ǣ紦ȥ
׺ƽ꣬߹ദ, Ա̲鲢ʮϸ񡣿ҶǴ׵Ļһ̶Ӿ۷ֱ, ҲֻǴҴƳͨͷС
ƺһ˳˹ؿ˶ڵĻ, ѻﾡűǮȥ˼ƥҲ˫Ĺ߳Ҫ׵˿ԡ
֮ûзر߹أǻ˶װС
߾פڲԶûгǳһ˵еֻһشһŵӪʡ
ڹߵ׵̽̽ʮչƽҰߵսȷ⣬صƴװ߱ױţƤȥۿҪƵòС
ûģùƽҰƭԼԼ¼Ǵ˷ҹƽҰԸƴװһ˶գҲû׾ʲô춯ϸرʱ֪һйܴɡ
һƽ󽫾ȻһڵŪڹ֮У˷۱ŭɶ޲ܰѹƽҰʬڳʬ
Ɍûޣֻڿˮ
ǹ£ҵȣȲ㱨˸
ֻ߲úг
¿ɰ˸ôӣķѴ֣Ȼһã˵ȥЦ
λնȨڲûָС±𴫳ȥˣ±ѹ˸Ѫͷ޺޶飬ƶڲٿúЪȥ
֮⣬ߴ˴ΰ²ԣҲѾһöӡ
ѻƢӱ꣬нƽʱ䲻ʱƷͻӵˣһֻ蹷µöҽӽҲսʱǶԶ㱣סԼСҪ
Ǹʡ¡
գ߰ҹ֮ĴҲʹˣԼбб߳Ժ´ߺ˹ź
ԶѲߵˣ±£˽˸һᣬװûԶȥ
߶ƣѹҲŵģҹɫҲ̫嶫ӵز׽˾㣬̰غţѭžζһԶ뿪Ӫʡ
֮ʱزмƣųǴ׵ļ紺Ρ
ƼôľʮڲھЩʱգ˵屻ٵأٲǸƺʮлڲ֮صľ׳ˡ
ζ߳ʮ֮㱻һƻΣʧȥǡ
Ƭ̺һɳ棬ӰΧŵһŵˣҽһѾ
紺Ρƺ׵Ļ֮һֻʣһ̳Ϲ
˱õ鱨֪׼Ŀɹ·ߺ˽ɱļ󣬱ˡ
ֻǼ棬ҲŷǵԤ
ӶýߵιȥĹߣüͷǷѾ׼Ϊһս⣿ʤ֮䣬Ǳ
׿Ӧпŵˣ֪˵ʲôá
ԺѰʵȥԶ봫пĶսٻغϵ׼Ǹһ´ľտ˭֪挝ľȻһεľ档
ûţҲǸ˵ġ
ְɣе۸ˣ֡ǲܵġ
һֱûѹ֪ǲ˯ˣǼŶûѣڵϿͦʡ
Ǵףڷ˼ƾֻɫ˻˼ʲôƽ󽫾
ͷ治㲻Ҳܻͦ˵ġ̶һ±仯ôҲû뵽
£ʮظźߺ˺Ȼһӣ팝ƺܴ֮ӹǱƻˣҲðô죿
ǲֱ䣬òŽƽսƺԼɾ裬ͷҪǲգǿ̫ˡǲôɣүŪ

ûΣǰϵˮҽ˹ϡ
ڴԱߡٺ١ЦҪǶڣӾñġˮ
ز׿ӦʲôӦȱĵƲƲ죬ԵԶ˼
ڣ
ǣʲôǱƦ˭Ʋ˭أ
תʱ򣬱ǰƺһ
ûϳ𽥱ԺʱûܸϣֻǰЩ죬ֱЦһ䡰ˡ䲻Ӧ
ƺߵ׻ЩڣһͦʶػܣЩϤףʶԼ˿Ѿڵ֪Լ״̬ѣϲðһ亹ǡô
۵һƺѹߵ䵶ǰɣ㻹ж¡
߲ŵؿƺֿǰɱƵˣڻó˶жѪԣһץ䵶Ųĵǰ˼ڳ˸ʽ
֪ǲŹңǾŪҰ
ڱֱۣ˻ͷôرҪǵһҲֻܾˡϵܣҪҿˣ
ƺЦ롣
ĳΪèˣ󡱲Ϊֻӵèһֻ
߻ŵȥ˲κһˣתǰĵ㲻Ľ
ײײ񼫶ȽţƺһءݡϹ˸ָ˺ۣܿðǣ֧ߴۡһˤڵأ䵶ǿŵ棬Լ¡
ʿɱ衭ŴǸɴһʹ죡
ڡۡһͷ˵ϣƾʲôҪʹģΪʱ𣿡
һ˿ı飬ʮջ𣬡ৡسذ׺ݺݴ̽ˌĸ
һһͱŰ֣һֱʹҧ촽ˡ
ڳҴܺôңֻǱˣϵܣҵķ¶ˣʣµĽ㣡
ƺ΢΢һͷＸˣ
ŰɱսڹߣǱˡ
ЩĴʿŰɱ㵽˵ʱ
ʹЩȥͬ굶֮󣬹߻±鲼ѪڣһϢڵϣ˫Ŀ͵Ļ
׿Ӧû㶯֣ҲֻģǴ˿ֵ̣ƺ
ſŴһкƺӿɽ״ʹѰ಻סһ絽ԣֳУͨһͱˌѡ
һһѹȥ
һˣ
ദһߡŻ³һѪ
ĥеˣ
Ѫĵбƺض˫ۣĲݺݴȥ
һ常ˣ
ذѪС㡱նϾǣ޷лһĨʱ˫۴ƺԼյĽ
ࡱһԴӲϹȥ
ƺ˫Ѫذףǰʬ壬һһܡ
磬ְɣˡ׿ӦжߣлذףһֻסļѾΪ常鱨˳ˡ
ƺתͷ׿ӦУ˫͹ػ۾ͻȻȫߣ̱ڌҲ
ǣڡˣ
˺ѷεĺ쳹أƲ¶ŵ˵ˡ
ƽûߵʬ壬Ѹٳ롣
ڶ죬߳ٳδĻǾŵܳѰңɳҵƽ󽫾Ұʳһʬ壬Ϊ֮㵡
Ҳ֣ҲҲлɣȴҲ֤ݣæڶҵڶͽͷöҲûȥλࡪԤУδػй⣬½磬ƽ󽫾򲡱УΪ»һʲݵľš
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պƺһ˷شף׿Ӧ޸Ĺͨ飬ƽ뾳
ŵʱϸһΧδĸڣǳװġ
û㌝ǣԺӣܺúùˡ
ʮ壬ѽڡ
ǽֵʮ֣ҹȺһƬյķپ
˾ֵڣԺƻڿҿҵۡ
ʵΪӡ̫࣬ǵöΪʥϷǲǣ
ֻддţͻȻһƬ׷ǳȻƽʱҲܰڣȴЩ졣
˰Ժվſ
ϧû˻ش
Ժƶʱӳóһͼ˿ȴš֨Ӵһһе˽⹫ȥĶ
ۡһ£掠˰ϣԺûлᷢκٶһƬž
ʹһŵƽʣ󣬻ʵ̫ȥ԰ͤһ£һߌģֻ˼̷̣ԶһЩӵػԱߡ
⸸Ӷˣ游Тʵ򰵲ػ棬̫ӲƣϻʵϾɫ̫Ӳַֻܽ
̫ӿ˿֣̾˿һţ˴θԸ䡣
뷢԰׵ĻʵĦӣֺ̫뼱һʱأ´ɡ
Щ²ȥֻʱҴ̫Ҳƻл
ʵ۵ЦЦһԲ£ԲܻȱȱԲʱܻߣ㹻ġ
񸸻ʽ̻塣̫ӹ
ԶͻȻһɧСݡд̿͡ĺ˷ʵ̫ߣس嵶ع۲ܡ
԰ɽӰһǱߡ
һ˵ѹ㵱ʱһ۾ʶңȷʵ̫һˡ
һЦǶÿ
ʵ۴䲻һӦòǳ̫ģȥʲô¡
ּ
ûü뿪һСĵ˹ʵۻԶ㡰ͨһڵء
ʥϣ⹫
С̽Ͱ˵ƺŵòᣬ겻ǣʵ۵Ȳͷǰ··ء
ʵճĺ̩ԶһȺΧڴ˴Щһʵۼݵתһأμʥϣ
һ򵹣¶󱻵סӰ
ʵ̫ӿˣ¶˾ȵɫ
ֻӡ̫Ժסӣ˺̩ſڣؿõһײɰдż֡ݺȨ˵
ζԡ
̫ӵʱŭɶ⡭ʵ̫ҷˣ켩֣
ǣ
ˡϻʵ۱֣ԺƵʬͻȻ
̫Ӳ⣺ʣ
ʵ̾˿֪ô
ɲôЩϣʵ̫ˣ̫ͣӲưոݣвζ̫Ũǿ벻̡
ʶһʱ֮кãϻʵۿģĲҪġ
һ֮Ҹûǹˡ
ԶϣӰŴԣʩչṦϢ뿪
Ժһ˲
պ󣬻ʵ۰ʥּΪɽƽ̹ǰѲˮʯ½Ϊ֮ʿһѹǧɽѳӦΪᱲģ
ʥּ䲼󣬻ʵΪղ۸Ϊɽᣬ
µף۸УŵšѡѱȻȡ֮޽ʿĹɽ޺ᣬɰأӢ֮鳤ڴˡ
ɽͷһɽ䣬һССķͷǹƽҰ¹ڣûʸɽ֮ʿһ𣬵ϾǹɽĶӣƺڴΪһûбķأţҲһžˡ
ˣаѳɹ
лҪ˵
ţһܵĵȴֱˡ
ƪĿ϶겻ˣҲƪˣҰƪģ̫ٿӱ˾ܾѹǿ϶ģĻίöԲԼûǱ˿
ϣһ
ǡøøˣ˹߸˰ɡ
֮طʹ~Ҫ߶¾ͳˡ


195  ط
³, ͡ޡ
ʱ֣һҴ󴬻ƺ׿Ӧվڼװ崦ŰǸССӰ, ǲع΢Ц
е
ûȴͣ, һƵؽ, ſ˫§ס˵˷ܵش󺰣ˣ
СŽеĳ, ͷ˷٣Ӵ磬С˶
ĸ², ˣ׿Ӧ۰Դ
ƺһԹϱЦһȵ֮ǰѧĹҲû¡
ǵȻλ̻, һҲиͻȻˣǴܿͺ, Ǽлҵġ
ദʱ䲻࣬˴˼ҲѾ˷ǳŨ, ֪ԷѶʵѹ˺Щӡ
Ǻε˼֮ˣƺ׿Ӧɫ΢, ֶЦһǣһ, ´߰ɣΪ׼ļң
ͷŴӲ½, ˷ܵһһкҲѾλ㱸᷿ӭͣ
ص͡ޣƺҪ׿ӦоٰԳ˼ڣҲһˣտ꼺ҲҪ½ִ
һҡ֣ƺ׿Ӧжһۣʲô˼㲻סڿ״Ѽ𣿡
ʱѾ˰ļ͸ϽѴҵҽӹϰãһǹµˣƺʻЦŴүĻСүǰסڱ𴦲٣³ʱ˵λүѰסϸһɽׯѾɨɾ͵λأ
ûƺӦԱˣ룬ϵܣҡһɡүˣһе㲻ϰߡ
˵ϰߣƺ׿ӦҲñŤŤ׿Ӧгµǡүơơӡá
һ˵ţһؿƺһۡ
ƺִסļЦǺǵ˵ʲôʲô
λǼҵ£дСʲô¾ܸԸǡתһһܵλҰλе׿λǼҵĵˡ
æ֣壬ݼλӡ
ƺһϴ֣׿Ӧһ˶̫ϰף⻹ڵԱ߿ţ϶ǵ٩ЦǺòڣϽŤŤػ񣬽һһŴһ·ɽׯȥ
⼸µðûʲôɸӽģؼҵһ·ϣƺ׿ӦĶ⼸µ¡
ǵ֪һȶڱ˯÷ǳȣξ͵Ŵȥһʲô˷ֲ˵
پ׳٣ⲿСûô˵´Ϊ
͡޵ʱѮһֱסڿ꼵ѼУز죬Ҳֵ÷ǳɣټþͿɰҲ𣬼ֱ˼˰Կһֱܺá
Сûţճչ֮⣬ȥй䣬Сԣʲô棬ʵΪ˹۲Ϊ㡣
͡Ǹ϶ɽܻ˴ҵΪʢΣҵʮַ˵˲٣ܶ඼ģһʮƣֲôӣԶԻ紾ӡ
Ϊ̫ӣǲû⵽̻ĿջûУеĶЩСƵ꣬ŸڵƵģķɫȮ֮ءʵеҲûУֻʵ̫Σ̫Զʵ벻Сүۡ
ֵĺûᡣ
׿Ӧе㵣ģڵķܿЩʲôԺϷݡ
ǵȻӪ˭Ҫȥ¾⡣ʵڴ˴һҴһЩ̣̺ͷſջ޵һЩ͡޵ֱ̼ص֮ʱ˵ҲȻΪ͡ϢͨĵطڽϣϢֵǮĶ⻹ַٸ˵Ҫǡ
׿ӦУ
⺢鶼ʲôתõͦ죬ôǲ̫
ƺԷҲʮãȻдšң˴ʲô
׿Ӧ죬ҪſڣλģϢҲǺϷ⣬ƾ°ˣзִ磬ɱԽĹ˰֪㽫ʲô㣿
ƺ׿Ӧнеһ𺰵ʱǡλָ
ƺ֮ǰ׿Ӧ˵ʲô÷ӵĶЦͷѪʱĹ˵뽫ڱôһʣе飬תͷײ׿Ӧп۾ˡ
ĲöӸסƺɤӣʵкν飬˵
Ҳ٩٩̸λó򣬿Կݣ׳ҲԿھ֣ڡҾھ֮ЩΣգڳ֮ǰⲻ米մȾԹǿݵĺá
׿ӦпƺǸ⣬۲뽭ͽܣֻͷ
ԣҲô̶࣬͡׳󣬲˻ȥٸۣѧЩȭŹĵȭΪʵã׵ĽƮʹӣ϶ѧͽ˵ͷͷǵͷһʣ󲮲ԸԸ⴫ݵı¡
ƺϵɱˣ϶Ըͽܡ
ùգһͳɡЦаȴ˼ǣգԽԽֵǮҲûôɵ
ƺ׿ӦٶﲻԼͬ룬޽ùţ
ʵһȰ̿ջطҶѡˣ͡ݸǵĳƫһõأ˴ǮܵͣҪӦò⡣˼Ա߻һ¥ӪʮưܣҲһ¡˾֮ǰ뿪ģǲ¥Ҫ¥ú𣬵ضġ
⻰λŻΪǵϸ׶ʱϻο
ζĶȥ
ɣҲĵģ۾ȰѲ¥˵ûʲôǮȥ㹻Ǹ¥ġǮƺеۡ
ǰԴٿϸƴӲΪǮҪˣȷʵô׬Ǯҡ
һͻȻ͹ˡС˰
ȴЦλصģǰӿײѾҽƱҲ͵ˡ̸¥϶ûġڵǵǮݣԼӪֱӳǮµǲԸҪҲûšҪܿڣ;˾˶ǾȵģǮǸ⡣
׿ӦУ
СȰȵģǻ˵ʲô
룬ŵţ»ȥӳ顣
ǣ㵽жǮ¥˸ɽׯƺǺܺ棬ֱʵ
һЦ˱ڼʹȥǹĿʱһ֪
СүеԹתλӲصġβס֮⣬ûƺ׷ʣ̲סϲؽ
ԭ˽⵽͡޵ߵ֮ͶһǮ˺ϡͷתü죬ǰҲѧһЩķɶĿȾôãܿ·̸̼ץס̻תֵǮϢ˲ˡ
һСⲻǺ׵տԼС˰æѰҺʵԼ棬Ҳ˲ʶ
屾Ҳ˵ԼļƻֻԼķԸȥǮ˰£ﲻţ»ǹؾأû뵽ˡ
ϢӯӻתҲС׬һʣӵ˹̶ǩԼ֤ԷӦԼĶϳ˵ĺ
µʱ䣬ǮǮľԼʮҡ
׬ĳͲ٣ҲĻɱķڷӧҪΪ¡
ҪðլԺ߿ջ̶Ҫ֣ȷʵͷԻ飬ʵǸɶõ˲ţǱ㽫¡
ڣ͡޶Ѿ֪Сүͷûٸҿ̸⣬ҲԳ棬ͬ
ɽլԺҲþ̽ĺõط
ȻڱУҲҪƵĻ°빦Ҫһְĵط̫̫ʪɽϼ֮ѡ
ϲ÷֣Ϊֳʮ÷ģȻסɽʵһԸ
ϲҩ𣿡Ķ˾ˣҲֺƺɽׯ˼ĶأȫҩҪʲôƷֺﰢÿҩʱȫ׵ĻﶼƯ
ǧ򴩣ƨƺһϻο̵ðȥ׿Ӧ̿
ƺԹϣ˹ˣԺҺеڣҲôͣʲôȥˡ
λžһԵܼģͲ͵ǷˡСֱĨۣˣͷȴ£ǵĴ飬ҲѾ³̣ȵɽׯǹĿ
һɻ飬£ƺ׿Ӧле㲻˼Ͼ£Ҳô
̹Ȼı飬ҲѾͱҪôǼʶ㣬ֲˡ
㣬ҶһɽׯˣҲûʲôģ֪֪ɣ
һ·Уܿ͡ݸǣŽųɽʻȥ·⾰ƺ׿Ӧо۵ףȷʵͬеãǿԴչȭŵĵط
û߼رɽɽɺ͹ɽȫͬնǸݳĹڵСɽ࣬·Ҳ޵ƽ˳ɽ·û߶Զ͵˰ɽµɽׯſڡ
ſСۺѾŮǵ棬ȳһͣȣСǱź򣬰Ѵûִܹĳ˸úܳ
ƺ׿Ӧһ·Ҳµ֮Ĵڡʹɺ֪飬˸
ҵ죬ض庮ӿɶˡվɽׯſڸ̾ϵܣһ죡
ƺ˿ʮֵ⣬ڵļ򣺡ǾͻǮỨҶ͡޲Ŵ˼£ôһׯӣ
ɽׯϵҿóǴشµģСɽׯӦ׿ӦСйӡͷȡġ
׿Ӧпĸ֣иȻ
ͦϲͷģƺ̺Уֻǿţ;
ƺı飬ʵλϲϲ֣ǲϲǾȡһȥ
ƺһ׿ӦеķӦ֪ϲòˣˣͦá
Ǳˣ߰ɣҲι۲ιۡ
һ˼СѾߵˣƺƵؽɽׯɽׯɵլԺɶˣűǿǰԺС·˸ߴͩʵʵֻһƬ
ǰԺǰͻȻ·СѾҲڴ˸ҷֵ𣬽ҵֱѸǰźõ᷿Сһ·ȥɽׯľɫ
ƺѾô˴ɽׯظ԰ڣɽׯɣɰɣûǮɣʵǼֻԭ۵֮һ͵ˡ
֮һô£լ粻
Աߴһ⻰ۡЦˡ
ƺ
лҪ˵
һƪ̫ˣ˫~


196  ﱸ
ƺüȻ, 㿴ˮϼѣôլ˵ԭŵڣ״Ԫ
Ϊλü۳ۣں档
ԭҶᵽȥ, լӵĿǰ, Ӳ̫, Щǡʶ, һѣһ´׬˲ӡƺüɫؽ׬ǮܵҪ˻, ҪǮָҪ⴦լԺԷܸɴֻ֮࣬һļǮ, լ˳
һر, ûˣ˵, ҲзˮôãҪȻ˿ƨ
ưɣˣе˾Ͳ, ˵˲˿ܲ, ˼ֱǷ켫ˣ϶ʲô˶, ˵ǲǰУƺǹģ¿˴ﰵˬ
׿ӦмڿģҲһüЦģǰɽׯķ羰ͬãͷӦͣԣӴҶ̩
ƺӵ⣬üʮɡ
С죺ֲĹܸͣɡ
ôܸɵĺãƺְСϣŴдƣץһҽϾɣ
׿ӦУ
̫ӣ
ԱΧ۵ں̲סЦΧ۳ʱȣίطöԲİּۣ˼˼ؿԼɴظ˶Էһס
Ҳι۹˸̨ͤ¥ָָָԶͷ᷿λãɽׯطǶԺӣ尮徲ǴիСסͷסԱߵիзիǸ貮пײ׼ģߡǸġ
˳ָķȥһССԺ䣬ſڹҵǡի
ȻˣɻǵԺȻҲҪһ𡣡
һֱûô￴ң̾˿ˣлл㡣
񣺡Ӧġ
ЩԺ䶼ס͵ģ׿Ӧб֪˼ģаοƺһۡ
ƺҲΪ֮ݣǣס֣󣺡Ǹ֪֪ȵĺúӣùģʲôС
ȥɽׯһСԺӡ
ԺϹŵдš÷ի÷＾֦ҶïдУ÷ʢŵķ羰
⴦СԺλһʵɽ£ȱҪ࣬һ߽ЩƺʣϵԺӣ
˵ò˾˾ڴ˴׿Ӧе֣е϶ҲǹǣҾ˾˵ģԴ̽Ҳ˽ģȸ˾
ͷҲܺ繫ӵ·ɡ
ԺвźŮ˴˽࣬
Էܴű׵ĳߴ綨һʮֿĴ̣װϣڱг˯˯ĸǰ޶¡
֪ǲҵĴоɫ֮ǰЩƺ
ϲ˾ˣ޴ӷֱˡ
׿ӦҲϸ۲ϵݣͷСϸȷʵ˺ܶ࣬Ѳ׻ˣ
Ǳˣ繫ӲȶȻ״̬֮ǰࡣڴ£򿪱ײߵİ߼СֽȥΪ
ڱǰһϣһֿһ·ʤڳˣ˿̲¶ںͯ
׿Ӧ˫ְϣοģСϸ״̬ôã϶д󰭡
ţ繫ȷʵջ֣Сغá
Ȳ׷ʣʲôʱѣ
Ȼ̫˵ʵʵ˵Ҳû취Ԥ֪Ѿˣ˵ף⻹ҪԼԸԸѹ
̵һԸģ˾֪ڵеҲڵһԸѹģ
ʵ
ȿȣɿĳλҽԵĻͷḧԹϣ˵öԣ繫һѹǧżȥΪ£ʮֿġ
űƽݣʹͷţҲģ
뿪ɽׯƫƧСԺȥɽׯסԺӣιһ֮󣬱С˴ڵȥͷʱϢ
վԺſڣͷƺ׿ӦУλﻹԺӹҲ򡣡
ôסƺȻͷʦҲסɡ
׿Ӧи͵صͷðҿУ
ôУⲻڵԺֻλסҲֻסڸڵԺӡүүȻǳңѾźһƧԺ䣬Ϊ׼˵
ǸͲˣһ׿Ӧ̵ʲôҺúûŰɣ
ԣãȻؿֿ˿ƺһЦҲµй£ƽеģͷ˰ѵˡѾȥݣĹ۵ж˻ʱеලˡ
׿Ӧʮָж⺢Ӳˣ˲١
ģҸ㰢ܸжԺչ㣬ССͲ˷ġ
ɵȦס׿ӦеĲӣ䣬ӵΪ֮ǣҵˣѾǼˣϾ˾֮ǰֻйһˣôůļңֻиˡΪλģóʵϣ
СȰȵģ̫˵ˡƺ촽ɱˣе˵ģ
Цü䣺еĻ̫ˡ
ƺ
׿ӦУ͵ЦЦݱɽׯʢÿ˲֪ٱӶپġ
Ͷˣүү׵ͺĻӲ֪ٶȸ̸˸ԹϱǼͥгؾѧŵ㣡
ǰ̻壡
ǿе
׿ӦƺŽ˷
ȻҲʮֿ鷿ȫƺԷſ󴲣¶Цݣȥ˻δ̾ʵ
׿Ӧһ£δƺң㰢أ
λһסȥͷˡ̹Ȼ
׿Ӧһ㶣ΪΣ
ȻΪǻûƺסļЦüۣΪ׼Ļ鷿ó֮סǲǰ
ü䣺ԣѾѡãھʮˣλ׼ɡ
ƺ׿ӦʱڸŵСԺǿʼǵġˡġ
ϸ˵ɣƺܷн䱸̤̤ʵʵ˯һ̰˯ͷÿҪ˯Ͳſ
ʲôݣʲô׬Ǯңͨͨצ۹ȥֱҪеȥ竡
ʵϲȱǮҲռˣǻʵ۸ɽƽ֮󣬲һݸšǮȻֱӽ˳ŵˡϻʵĻΣַÿʡŵ㻨һӲ
ƺóһŵȥǮǮһ뽻šҲۣԼи𣬰ɶûУһ̫ˡ
Լģǰеģ˲ֱ˴ˡ
׿ӦпԼ๫Ե˯죬Ҳ˲١֮˲ٳ֣ģҲִ͡ޣټϴҲڣǣԭĹ۵Щ鼮һͿʼơ
ʮٳּϰˣ׿ӦаƺŵװףϢʱʵųÿϰһʱȭŵپΪ̲ҩҩš
ƺ³һѺ֣׿ӦҲԴҩ·Ķе㾪ˡ
㤵൱֮ĸ顣
һһڵðݻ򻨻ɢŲζʳ֮ܳΪʳĻɫζ㲻ȫžߺƺ־ٰ㿽ѪӣԹ֮󣬶Ҫ̲סҪ󺰡ŹҰʲô˵
ƺϱǳ񣬷ǳ飬һ׿Ӧ˫ϣĴ۾ʲôܾĻ˵ˣֻһգһű档
׶ЩڵĶѳҲڳԲȥҪƽʱԣЩʳƵҲͰˣ׿ӦǸƺһʳƵԶһڵĶҪʳƵϵİš
ˣƺܳԺ⣬ܺСƣ߲ˮԣǳԵʳҲʮʡƽͳЩֵֹĶ˶е㲻̫ʱԺϵˡ
ѭ浸صˣȻҪȥðпģԼ͵͵ֶΪ
ϧ׿Ӧвܱ£ֻùƺӳԵķһҲæƺҵᣬϣᱻڵץס͵׿Ӧǰ
ڳԼҶӣƺûκͬ˾һ˵ã
ҲеץκҲҰƺ͵ԣ߳һʱǧΪһ˾ԿԵĶԲϣӴ
Уҳһؿ𣿡˯ǰƺʪͷԷ׿ӦУæģһռҲУǺɣٲԵģﶼˣ
׿Ӧ̺˴תȻؽӹĲͷУż죬ôܷɡ㲻ͺЩ˯ҲˣŲҲӯˡ
ԺҲòսЩüһʱƺԹţ׿Ӧе۽קק͸ҷŷŷ¡
ż죬ҪǲϸִУǰԸ֮ǰĹ򶼰׷𣿡׿ӦȰЩǲóԣǶкôǴүġڳڣܼʱЧǳ׺ǾҪˣʱҽˡ
ƺһⲻݾܾĿƵ죺ָڷôء
ôᣬǴҽġ
ǲẦң϶뿴ҳࡣ˰
ͷòɣ׿Ӧв˲Щڸ֮̾͹ȥˡʦأ㻹˼ҶȲ
ʦҳԵĶһЩݡҩóԶˣƺίͰͣ˵˼ʳζʲôһҿǵûԹٺ÷˿ƤԲݸУڲģҲͷãôĥң
׿ӦеͷԼ๫һŵüëͷϡȡһڣ͵Ϊңһ£òãǰôڲУѵҰͷ𣿡
ƺ
ô˵ֻȫϱˣ
ʵιЩҩ׿ӦҲڸݴķӵ壬ֻһЩҪƺôɿڡ
Ҳһֱƺ嵭ʳûԼ͵͵ݡ
аɣ̡ƺ˿ΪǵĽ
ǿЩϢɣ¶ˮأٵűҾͰͱӰ׿Ӧпƺϣۡ򣬡˯
ƺ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ뿪Ųʧ⡣
ǵģӲϳԲҲԲΪϱ˵ˣӵʱҪЩ£Ȼźʡ
òңȵʱңƺŴغա


197  ӭ
ƺһӹ, µڹȥۿҪա
ѯʹ˼׿ӦӦǸҪޡĽɫڴǰ, ͱŵ͡޸µһСլ
⴦լΪ˷ʱס, ѾµĲ¥ǲ¥ȡ¥, ŰʫСϸ衷ȡϡ֮⡣
լԺûȡʲôʫ黭, ſڹҵң򵥵һԷǸðļҲԷλƫƧ, ۸ȻҲ󡣴˿լѾŵƽʣ˺ϲ֣ʮϲ졣
ҲѾֱ͵Էɽׯ˸Դ, ⡣
ʽͲǰƺ׿ӦйĿʽ򵥣Ϻõĳ, İƣ촩ϲùֻ, ҹһգʣӨӨԡ
ƺԼ, һգԼʵӢΰ, ̲סһߣİд϶·, ǿһ۶ð˵ĸˣ
Ȼֱ죬ǡ
ɻǰҹŵΪƺۣͬȻҪǱߣ˺ѡѡѡȥСլ׿ӦС
Ϣڣ
ϵܣҲȥ˶ҾͲˡڿҺαȥǶӣ
ƺļ򣺡Ҫ˶治ô㡣øһᣬ飬ԺҲó߶ҼҰ˵ˣȫһﻨѽôǷˡ
ⲻϰ𣿡ΣҪٿǿǣܵίû¶ϱ鶼ûЦҪҰˣܣöҿɲ𡣡
ƺЦȻݺݵصɴ˫ۣңҺú
˳֮⣬Ҳ׿ӦбȽᵱУ꼺ͺ͡ڸ׿Ӧö࣬޿ѣֻ£ȥԷ
׿Ӧ߲ȱźˣ鰲ŵ÷ǳ׵ڹҲһá
Էʱ򣬷Ѿںһˣ׿Ӧڵƣڣ⡣
Ӵˣ
ڰĵԱСϣ׿Ӧһôµˣ
׿Ӧ΢΢һЦѾƱǰһƣѾߵ¶㲻˭
ô˵أüڿˣҪˣ鼤
׿Ӧ򴽣ϵЦѹѹȥһռͱӲǱ۲۵ģԵˡ
˳ףأȻƱһڣζԶˡ
ڣ
ãϲӣɱҸ˶УӼвˣá
׿ӦθҲ˲ٲˣҲ˲پƣ΢ʱ˫շۣ۽üҶ͸⣬ϲʤ
ڶסզֵࣺҪǿ⸱ģ϶̲ס͵ض
ȷ㲻Ƕ䣿׿Ӧ۽糺죬бһۡ
ԼԼϣ֪ûҶĵˡ
׿ӦƵÿӼлԣѰһôһˣҪһ˹һӣ
һûʲôá
˵Ҳǡ׿Ӧͣ¿ӣ룬ǰûϲһ˵ʱ򣬾ԼһҲͦʲôù˼ɣҲûκʲôʲô
ڻЦɱǰһڡ
Ȼᣬ˺磬Ҿ;ùȥһ˵ʮȤ׿Ӧˣ϶鲻Խع΢ЦûĻӻ粻ˡ
ңô𣿡ڲ
׿ӦжһЦҵǸˣͶˡ
ˣҿûȤڸϾƣϸǱأҲϱˮԼҲûʲô
㲻Ѿϰ𣿾ôŹ¡׿Ӧ˫ѾЩʡ
Цһǲɡûʲôŵ㣬ǌˣ뽻ġҪҲˣڌǰݡ
棬ŵġ׿ӦԵɵɣЦЦͲݰ˸ˡ
첻ˣһӣӾ㿴ʲôзΣ֮񣡡
ƺһ־ƣ׿ӦԼĨȥ
٣׿Ӧ죬ִӻͳʲôϺЦҪݰһÿƤ
ߣݣ
׿ӦУŻ
еֱţЩۣȴڼЩ˯ȥȻǻ첻ߵɤˣɣСıۣ
š׿Ӧ̧ͷȥǲм匝ģġ־ͱ
ǰһȫİҪӢȷʵĺ磬Ҳʵ˹Ŀ
üޣͦͷ򢷽κУɫƫ죬⸱׾ѿȥעĿһ˫ɢЦۣתЦЦΪˣ˫Ǻ⣬û˵
׿Ӧ֪Ϊʲôܾڷˣ˫۾֮£Ҳʣƽذؿˣһӵǻ˾ô˼ûΣ֮֡Ƿᡱ
ôˣڵ๫ǿɡ
׿ӦƲƲ죺㻹˼˵⸱ݣһǷӱˣҸҼҺȣ̫ûˡ
ҲգЦʩҲһʶ֪ΪʲôҴܲݣҲǵ𣿾ΪҳÿΣߵ˶Ѷ̫ԡ
У׿Ӧиƣֲǹң˭úÿ˼ô
ҿûȣֻǳʵڶƱਡ
׿ӦҲ˿ھƣ̲ס͵ۿץסҲֱ׳󷽷ؿ
ڵ󣺡Ҳÿǻʲô
ҾǺ棬֪ƽõ֬඼ʲôʣˡ׿ӦдģȷʵǶ֮꣬ͦ۵ġ
ڣ
˵ˣ롱վһץԱ߷ŵĵһܰɣ
׿ӦСۡһھƣ
---
ڶչ磬ȸ˹׿ӦûҪæġ
׿Ӧ׼Ҳ򵥣һͷɸβƺľɷͲ׵ˡ£ڻָ֮Ҳеð̣һûһػУһԲϣǴ
һĺӾͺø֣Ա߸Ϲ壬һֱе׿Ӧ󣬸ΪNɪڵĿ쵶ᣬô㱾£
˲ǵһΌ֮ǰھͳԹĿǴ棬ͶһŌƺҪ׷ɱĺǣֻܺ裬һߴһܡ
լǿ⸱棬ﰵһܲܺˣ
òװʱҪˣԷܼҹѣ׿Ӧвͣ¡ҺǣֵʱҲû׼պˮźɹԡ
׿ӦѸϴ˸ս裬ٰѻϣŷ۽Ǳڵĵ˺Щӡ
ڣ
׿Ӿеɲϵ֪
׿Ӧ룬۽һ˦ֵ޷Ϳˡ
Ŷ˲ܣ֪ƺĿǰλá
ӵ·
ӵз
أӾҪ
ƺԼԽԽ׿ӦĪЩסˡ
߽ţƺš
θ鲻ͣţ֮ͬ춯أûʲô˵ģϲ£͸÷죬ýдҶ֪Ҳմմϲ
ƺ׿Ӧ죬Ҳ˵Ìϲ˰ˣûдξ벻ñ˵ۣ
Ҫȫ¡ˣȫ͡޶֪ɽׯϲף
ӭ׵Ķƺܴ󣬺ƺƵسƺŻϲڹĸͷϣһǣͬϲһƥһ·ѹٶԷ
żּʵӱްİнӻȥΪ˲Ե̫ＱҲúĶܸϣֻǿаס顣
ӭףԼϴ⸱͵ģֱûۿ
쵽ԷʱƺԼûôࡰͣоҪؿˡ
׿ӦסܵԺ¿ĥƵתƣԱڱŵסզࣺ׿ֵ£
Ͳ֣׿Ƴһۣƨ£
ϲһ·Сܵܽͨˣүˣ
û䣬ǰԺʱʮ֣ԭиŵС˿ʼǮѾߡǴ˿ҲٽʼͭǮ
׿ӦвʲôͷҲûýŸʲôǣͻȻڵ֪ôֲźá
еѩҰɣҰšƽ֣ѱ׿Ӧù
ڸϽֽӹ
׿Ӧд˿Ѿ۾һֱԺſƳԽԽֱŲĿ⡣
źµСǰ߿ҵȺУһ۾ͿԼ
ƺȻҲǵһؿ˼ͣ׿ӦǰɵǺǵͻȻ֪˵ʲôã˾ô˴ţЦúϲ£졣
˸ƺ󣬸ڵͷк˭ҲûЦؿ⌝挝ط֢
׿ӦĿƵضƺ˺һ󣬲˵仰
ƺӸתǼֱҪ̵ȥʶӦţ
Ա߿ֱżæԱߵʹ˸ɫٱ㳶ɤӴ󺰵ʱ
ƺһ飬ס׿Ӧе֣У߰ɣ
ߣ׿Ӧзס֡
ƺȥߵſڵʱͷ˿ڳˣЦǺǵش𣺡ͣҶзݣ
һ˦°ͣͭǮٶȴһź۵լţҲʵĸͷζУɽׯ
ƺӭ׶ݺǿ׿ӦеġױҲܿɹۡ˵һְЩӲͳ˲Ҫӽ׿Ӧеġޡ
֪ϵʿĶŪǮúǧ˵ȥ
СҶչԼô꣬ԼʦģܵЩʾųɡ
֮λɹٲ˵ʮױеģų͡ݸ֪˼ҰˣȫǺ䶯·߼˿ֵİա
Ψֳ治ɣһ·ͭǮߵǶѵɢͯӡ
粻סͷ⺢ӣ̫ǮˡǼĸ
ôĽЦе˵׵ʱӣ
˰ɣҲû⌝ôƤ
Ƭ̺С˵һųˡ
Ҳӣɺͷ粢ҲͦáٶȲ䡣
ס֣˹һƥǸã
桭ҡͷ̫ˡ

ﲢͷǰ߲Զƺ׿ӦУɸ̾ȷʵǲԧ첻ɰϵܣ治Ľ
Ľۡʼֹˮ΢΢͸ۣȤʲôˣôҲҸˣ
е롣ˣ鷳ԥһ£
ǿ͸ʲôƵعһЦ̬ȣſɲᶨ
ᶨе૵ɼᶨˡ
Щ¶ǰߵȫ֪һʱ伤Ҳûʲô˵ȥȥǡ𡱡źãءҲǡʶĻŵֻֽǣţһҲſĿճڌƵģ᲻ƿ
͡紾ӿţڶ֮ƺɶȱȽϸߣټ˼ҷǮҲû˵ʲôлƺ׿Ӧȫǵϲ֮һ·лȥܿ͵ɽׯ
лҪ˵
¶ˣ
һǷʵ˹~
still˫
ллӪҺmua~


198  
˿ѾƳ, ɽׯŵƽʣԶ÷ֵķҲϲĺȥɽ¶ˡеѾСҲ, ϲ
꼡͡Ϊϱ, Ӻ͵͵Զĺ˴, ʱʱСܽͨſڱһ, ӱͺΪ˫۾еؿߡ
ɽׯƺ׿Ӧ, ӹٵͬĽʳΪǣ˸һߣ̤˵ϵĺ̺, ȥ
˴ãӻոµĵۣͷ, ϵʿˣ׿ӦͻȻ;ۿ, סᡣ
ʮôҴҶʦȣԼĽ죡
һҪúТ˳˼ҡ
ӿСͽһ۳Լ, С΢΢壬ƺҪ, æһ°ͣЦСҶ, ϲӣޡ
ƺ׿Ӧе֣ӺͺͷЦݣҲֻĸоּϰŹɽԼĸλӿȵжʱӿͷµʣ۾Ȼˡ
Ȼĸ常Ǹöá
ıͶѽ˴˷࣬ʱ龡۵ס
ƺԼŵˣ˻ϲϲسɻ飬ͷһĨƽزЦ˿΢΢͸˸УףϲɫԱƳˣļʾο
ϲл˵űˣУϲӣҪ˰
˵ո˼ؿڴļϡ
վǰȴ룺죬ܰѾ˾˳ѣǱˡ
üʱԱ߸
һأ
ݸã
򌝰ݣ
֮ǰ˽ٰѡޡĳˡ򡱣ɤ£׿Ӧƺ،ţ˺ϣݡ
ǲԼ֮ͬǰ޳Ƕӣǵ¹֪ļʽʱ¼ű˿̵ĻϲӯŴɢµֻԺϲá
붴
ӡŮӣҲû˹˼ɣλԳׯ꼶ڡǻȺУŸƺ׿ӦӿǵСԺԷС
Ʀ̫ˣźϴ󱾾ǸûƤģ׿Ӧе󡱾һڡ
Һ缰ʱס۾ɰƻˣ뿴ء
壬ƺ쌝ι׿Ӧоƣһ̵õڳ˵֧֣һšȲүǶ
ƺ˿鼤ûɶҸɵģ׿Ӧвϣһ˫۴ƵŌʾ뷨
׿ӦȻе㲻˼ҲŤŤͷһ㣬ɴӦ
㣡ƺֺǺǵش󺰣۾ϸˣ
÷λԼˡ
ֻСǰָͨ͵˭֪ĴθϣСӣʹթ
˵׿Ӧиƺ쌝غѾ̵ÿҪ͸ˡ
ھƶѣƺԼѾˣ˴㣬Ǵǰİкִ󷽣鶯˫պͬϼÿüֱܹͬǵֱԼڳϷϡ
һеһУȫ㡣
ȻҲҪࡣ
ۼԼҷɫ𽥰׿ӦиæƿС˵Ҷأ
ƦǻҪ֣ϴ󲻸ˣŴҳţǸģϽȥǰԺһϯŴأ
ʵıͲ̫࣬ϾҲûж׽ѣ˳šᡢӺͺЩ׽֮⣬вϵĻ飬͡޸һ̼֡
ҲǸһ˫ĻᣬЩ֪ƺ׿Ӧм㲻֮£Ҳɽׯң˲С
׿ӦͬΪɹ٣ƺһ߾ƣ֮˶е
ĻЩӭĹһСҲûԲݶϣȫ˵óˣ̼Ǽ´㡣
Լƺ׿ӦжţƴˣԼҲϿڡսϽһ㣡
Ժӻңλ˱˹˲پƣЩ΢Ӷ̵ĻҲûȥ٣ֻʶصͷ
Ա֮ƺֻ˫徻ǰİжЩЩꡣ
ˣߣ
롱վ׿Ӧе֣С
û׿ӦпԱڴȤôϵܣȲ붴ˣ
룬ܵ𣿡ƺ
һ˹Ц׿Ӧеʱ̣ȵ̫ˣȥ֣磬ˡ
ƺҴ뿪ųԺţߵԱСУ֮ԶȥЩ㱻˰ϣһ˫ȵĴ漴
׿ӦסƺĲӼҵػӦǵϢ֧Ź
ƺ׿ӦУԺȥ˭û˵ôһԣЦӯӯ،ţԺӣ˶
Ŵֻڣ쌝ȾƣĺԱСϡ
ƺ׿Ӧзڴţʽ˹;ע˵ǰУȺˡ
ȹύƣϰ׽һӣ˹һһϣǼס
עŌƺ׿Ӧе֣ԼĿڣɫͻȻׯأУɽ˺Ĳٶ˵ҵףƺֻһˣĺȥ
磬һ׿ӦһʱҲ˵ʲôĻ飬ӣ
ǰȥסƺ
ƺסĺԣϸϸܵƷôȣгϸ೤Ƶء
׿ӦУ˭֪ͻȻô£
ʲô
ƺɿ׿ӦУקֱߌ۽ǣְôˣ
׿ӦУ
ǻôˣƺ۵Ǹ˱Ĳ߬ϸϸ飬⻹һǶУ
ԥ˺һ׿ӦвŰԼΪģţڹ˼е¶˵˳С̫Сıˡ
ƺŭվҾͲȥ㣡ô˻£˵ȥ
ˡ׿ӦסҲȫûע⡣
ƺŴü׿Ӧһֹۣ˵Ź񣬵ŽյһжҪһ˿ź
ɰеĻӶˣ
׿ӦпС飬Ȥˣչȥףʲôϰ֮ˣⲻĺۼһأеۣҲǰǵݡ
ƺ죺ܳ
ֵûеۣǾݲϣǸͲ䣿
Σ׿ӦҲûˣղȷʵе֣Ҳ಻ȥˣŌǷ޷޲ƽģЩֻۣҪܰ¶ҹôС
ƺĿڹǽϵӰѩ߹ȥȡѩӸ׿ӦУüһ
ڣ׿Ӧнӹѩе£ҹ
ǰ˻ûɢأôҲϸĺۼƺίߣڴ򣬲๫Ҵ򣿡
׿ӦУ
СƢĺеɰô£
տĻȱһڵԣԺ⣬ԺӳԶңңΪλ͵͵뿪ˡ
ƺЦŰӰӵһߣ׿Ӧа˸ʽɣ׿
㰡׿ӦСৡسѩЦԾƺŴȥ
ƺ̧Ӱȥ񵲣˸ѩڵϲ˼Ȧɿһ§ס׿Ӧеǻص٩С˿ΣҲ˾Ѿģôˣ
׿ӦоϷ񫣬ЦСѾˣҼӢտ϶򲻹İɣ
ƺ
ôջúݣ
صУֲӮԸԳڻ۽˼ҪĽۡԺ׿ӦнƺӰɣŽѩӵһߣȭš
һĻĹ۵Ķӣֱ׹ֱۣţĥԣ顣
˺һƺ׿ӦпڻˣЪҵ
˻лζ׿ӦͻضȣĻ磬ѩӰԺʯϣһϢ
ƺݶ˲ˮʣ˳ְ˳
ⲻǹƽҰΪǸµģ֮ǰ۸ʱ˳˹
˰׿Ӧк˿ڲ裬ƺ
ʱˡȻҪӡƺü๫Ҳǲˡ
׿ӦЦǰˡ
ƺŴǣʼһ֧СȻ׿Ӧ޳Ϊһ
׿ӦЦü䣬ЪһѩóĽ衣
衢ź۵ٲȻһڰŵĺɫ䡣
ƺĿⱻ˽˽֮࣬󣬽øӲ
׿Ӧʱʱƺ񽻻㣬˴˼ǳ⡣
Ƭ̺ƺͻȻվֹͣ˴ࡣ
ôˣ׿ӦҲͣ£΢΢
ƺ䣬ȫסЦɢˡ
׿Ӧ˼߻ʣһ°ͣסҡ
ƺһ㶣Ծ𣬽żʯһ㣬ϰգѵԼƮ䡣
һǰ㣬գսǧһ֮ʱ
æſֿαڻ
׿ӦлסƺĲӣӶЦ
߰ɣȥ׿Ӧк
ƺЦţ
Ӱѩʯϣֻ½ǽҪˡ
лҪ˵
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199  ˫
һҹ, ƺ׿ӦԷ鲻Խع΢Ц
ȥŪԵġƺʵ
˯
׿ӦЩ, Ҳûʲô, ȫ𴲡
˯, 㡣
䣬§һҲůЩ, ƺɲڶ׿ӦԼڱ˯Ŷš
ûһͱȥˡ
ӹҽУ, ߰ɣԼú˯
Ӵ·뿪Է
æܴԶϹѾ, ˿ҪԲ͵ɽׯſڵԺѾȥ, ˿̼ƺǰЦӴ, Ϊǰˡ
ǹͣȻ͡ƺٺֱ֡
бһۣľڿ㰲, Ҳˡ
С˰Ѻǣƺһ, 
ƺһͷ˳ʵСүأ
һܹ밲, žͽǴȥˡС˻ش𣬡Ǽӿ˲ڣǲ㽫ȥͷҪˡ
ôã˵⸧Ҳð
˭֪һһˡͷƺ΢΢أ¾͸Ŷ
ƺ֣ϹҪҵĵطָʹܿڡ
ͣЪŰɡˣ
һӣNNӰʧɽׯ⡣
ƺȥ밲ϵʿĿԼе㡭Ź֣·ĳַ߿Ͳʣ޿κΡ
̩ɽŮ顣
ƺ⣬ͷȴλɡ˵Ľ̻壬˭֪Ҳû˵ʲôأ̾˿˼ӸԹҼСҶõ㣡
ƺŻǼٺƤҲе㲻̫˼
źἸ˲ɽׯ֪Сն˴ׯҲû˼һȥˡ
ƺ£㿪ʼ³óԵģæòֺ
׿Ӧһ˯磬۱Լ๫ڴǰЦеؿԼ
ʲôȵĿ⿴̫˼ֱ
ƺѱ°һ£ЦСô˰ɣ˺óԵģԵ㡣
׿Ӧһ첲
СƽʱͻȻôεεģƺ־Сצӣֱ֪ôˣץסһʹק§ڻ·ͷԸˡ
׿ӦۣëƵģƾԷŪҸֵ⣬סЦ֮ƺ조ȡһڡ
źúãͣӿƺϣЦӯӯ˵
ƺ§뱧ذߣڵӵϣָһ̲˵Ǹģ
׿Ӧǰ󱳣Ųʳָ󶯡ƺ˫Ŀһ룺ɣι㡣
ôã׿Ӧпͷ˿ࡣ
㲻ǻûӦõġƺ΢׵촽ιһҶԸ
׿ӦйЦɱңû̱
ƺιһڿڵسԣӲתƣȻʦأˣǲǸøʦ밲ȥкָʹ
ӹõ룬ҲЩʦͽúûûС׿ӦвЩԸ顣
ָʹһˣȥ˳ǸȥˣʦǱߣȥˡƺ§˼ֲ֪۵ûţ˯
׿Ӧ̣ʦҲ֪̫ˡ
ͷ˸öûţ
˺ü죬ƺ׿ӦвŴһĸо߳ʶѾеϡСڣкš
ҲߣûգҪߣϾǱߵ⻹ҵĲε̫á
ŴҲҪߣƺ˻񣬵ǾҸӵĵطٺ˲Ű졣
⵹ҲԣƺˬӦ׿ӦдȥμǵĻ
Ȼ󣬹£Ҳ뿪
׿Ӧ᲻ã۾ϵʿСƵţɵСӣɼˣ벻ʦ
ҪȥĶ׿ӦšüôһˣֲãʵڼҴţ
ۺӣЦǺǵ˵ΪʹˣϽȥ׵ĺɽЩҶڹҳţûˣҳȥһȦ¡ұ֤д鱨ƽвУ
׿Ӧлǲߣƺϵʿȷʵȥŷ磬ȰУʦڼұȷʵģȥɣ˼ô˲ӡ
°ȥ
׿Ӧи̣ȰȰ̧ͷԼʦͰ͵񣬲ˣƵ̾˿аɡ
֪ҼСҶˣüЦӣһʢľջ
׿Ӧҹ򣬺޲ܸʦţǱߣ˭֪ڶ죬ŷȻĹҵıȥӷ䣬ͼտյһдţͽܣǣΪʦ๫úùӡʦ澡˾ͻౣأ
ͷһ
׿֪ǱĻ᲻ãнӡ
˰οǣͲסĥӲݣӦһӣݵı¡
ƺ̫ͬѧЩ⺢ӱʹֹۣ˵ն಻ѹ̫࣬ʲôа
׿ӦоãҴҶߣֻҪúỵ́Сӿ϶ᡣ˵϶˵һҩֻҪһ䡰㲻˾˶ʧ𡱣͹Թ
ƺҲˣ¶Լȷʵ̫ģҲóͽ׿Ӧȥලա
׻ǿ˸ݽϰȭţû͡ݸǣɽׯڵɽ¸լԺǰԺѵԺл﷿˯ѧͽǶʳޣѧɽⲻ
ҲΪ˱Ϊѧͽǵ¶뽭ͬԭûȡϾдݡ֣ҲвˣϾڳڵŸʾҲ͹ˡ
ǵڶ괺ںƺ׿ӦбԵͷҲ˻¥½ѧʱ֮ͻȻȻϴϣ
ƽҰսգ뿪֮ع齭εһûʲô˼Ҳ֮⡣
ҪˣܵиӪֻһգܲܵհɡ
Ҫ˵˼ڣָ߰ЩԸȨ˵Ĳʹ֮Ǹ߲ɵͲͣɶС
ǡҲ͡Զ½أӦǸϵĺõطܵʵڲеҲܹӡ
͡ݳûãĽȥ˻¥ȲϷĴƺ׿ӦеĹ£Ǿ˳ϵ˹֪˿˸ݣܸܲŸɡ
Ŵµƺ
ҿϻʵ۲׷£ҪȻûӹˡ׿ӦУʲôԵ
׿ӦΣô죿
ġƺЦ
׿Ӧаһۣ϶ˡǰɣ
ƺͷ˹ãסҲ֪֪׵ˣƷҲȥͷã˵ݵ¶𣿡
¶ûʼ죬ͿʼŶˡ׿ӦʵҲԷ̫࣬ûɡ
ƺʹӦϴ͸ϡ
Ȼ˫֮ǰй죬˶ֱֿͣӣһΪԼܹƽҰƭһ־űĹȻɾƺ֮ǰҲѾԼ˵ˡȻ˭ɶǾ͸Լġ
ƺܽͷ͸ܽͷǮϸ߳ɣסƽദҲûκζҵ̬ͬԼֵܰ
ϴԼı֣ƺ׿Ӧ̬ȱȽǫʦֵģҲ˳ʶʱֵôᡣ
ڶ·ݣ˲ѧͽϴ͸Ҳǳְ𣬽ȭŷȫƺ׿ӦвģҲĹ¸Ӻ׿˦ƹˡ
ǰãʦ˵СʤԼѾûʲôɽ̵ˣ뿪ɽׯҪȥ˼һٻ
ѾҪĴջ̸Ǻãȡ¥ʼͶ뾭ӪСү͡ݸʮֶ̼ܶĽΪΪ̻ܿͰ¥սõĲֿͷˡ
¶ʺܶ࣬շչķ򣬵ʼջǾ鲻㣬ʵϺܶϸڵ¶Ҫš
ԼףҲǳ£Է㹻أԼ㹻ĻرڶνͿأľ𣬾޶ģ¥ͻ¥þ
ʱ䣬Լʱ䶼ϡԼ˺üλнʫģн黭ģÿһĴָ
ڹ䣬ƺ׿ӦѧϰҲϴѧĻǡڼ֮
⡢顢ѧ䣬ԼŵԼų趨ʡԼλ밲Ӳ
⺢ڷ֪ƺ׿ӦǷġ
ɽׯѾСˣֻƽղææΣƵģƽֻʣƺ׿Ӧд۵Сۡ
£ȥתһȦȥɽ÷ֺҩһȥũ޲ԱٿһƬũɽׯ߲ʳԸˡ
̫У·ݵʱһλ֮͵ˡ
塣
ʱƺģ׿ӦԺͤ壬ŷ˵һεĴ
˱ӦҲģƺ˰˽Ƭ̺ͼλָʹǰСţǴ
ӴָʹͺܸˣôƺЦЦҲ̫˰ɣ
׿ӦпԾվŶ࿴˼ۣýƺѥӣǺǡ
Ҿ֪ǣôġƺҲվ
㲻һֱ֪ˡ
ƺһ˿׿Ӧн˼ǰﱧŵķӤ
ǡؿ壬ĺ𣿡
⻰ƺ̸˹Ӥֱ𱻰ɫͺɫ˯ðȣɼһ·ϣָʹҲòףѹֿͷǱ
ģ䣬ƺʹϴϴѶ֪֮ͨæȥҹƽҰ֮Ҳ֪ŮȥͻȻ֣ɡ
ҵңǰ֤ݣˡСشһӤȡһֽݸƺ
ֽǱˮʪī䦿ˣֽҲͰ͵ģּȷ顣
ãûʲôȴƺһͱӷᡣ
˵ʱ֪εˣ˾֮к֪ԼУ¹ƽҰŹʰϸˡǰ˺ӣų¾ңָ͵
׿Ӧпźʵڿɰӹɫٵıţ˫ɫӦŮɣ
ԣ˵ǰȡŮ£ккƣһܰѺչ˺áɫƺС
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ĺò˼飬Ŷ̫׿ӦԷϲӤٵģ˵ǹִˡ
СӲ飬ȡֵƺ壬أľôƲºӣ
˲ŵĺʵҲ֪ᵽ۸ȥסˣ뿴ļ硣ʱҼƶйԸʮǿң¶ĳ־ģӦ׷ȥˡ
ƺ׿ӦнһƬ̺׿ӦвŵŪˡ
һַʽҲӦɪһˡ
ˣҲˡ忴˿˻ĺӣʲôԸƵسһת뿪
ߣ³ԶٷƺıӰ
屳ǣֻ̧˻ӣ֮ǸһĲŻ¡
ƺŻĺƣֿ׿Ӧле£п顭кˣ
Ѿˣûпޣźڰ׷Ĵ۾ؿ׿ӦУſС˸δĹǷ
׿Ӧб⸱ɰӿȻˣ˵Сԣкˣ磬һҪúð󣡡
ضԶƺû˵꣬űᣬ漴εЦˣСƣһ͸㲮͸𣿡
Ҳˣոһݣƺô˵Сۡؿ
ޱޣҲǸ˼½̲æңߣУݣϴϴ
ƺ׿ӦжԺǶһЩҲûʲô飬Ȳº޶ϴһ顪ϾҲ̫ޣһ·æŸ·Ҳ˲ϸϴ衣
ƢԸǵֵģϴɾ֮ҲôޣŴ۾㿴ҿ㣬پǴǰλæһҵĲ
ŶæСʹȥ͡ޣҪõ裬ҼдӾ֣ðλɶҲĵ
ÿǿ͡ϸ޴ٴǸ𳤵𣿡
׿Ӧкƺ񶼲֪ôشƺŵǶŮò̫עܡɰɣ㡣
ûʲô׿ӦУƺʲôû׷ʣŴ͵Ц
飬ô˺ͺӱȣճʱȡ׿ӦпƺһۣСʱɶ
ƺҲű֪꣬
ԶԶԣǺأ׿Ӧһ£⣬ͷȥӤһëʶЦͣϻο޳϶һ˲š
ͻȻʱ˵Ҳ£ʼȫȫ޵ӡ
Ҳ˸ãºͺĹѪƺ׿Ӧн缺˵Ҫʲô֮ٺҪٸ׵ǰ;
¡ŮӲܿǾֳ󣬽Ҹʵ˼ҡƺ뵽ˣ᲻á
˸ʮʮŮūʲôãֱҪǻƽظͺ˵ƺⲻ˼ɫڳһϸģǼ£ҪϺü֣ɤŴԼҹ
˻أô׿ӦƺüģǰˣС˼ǹȡ
ƺΣ֪ʱչǼͳúܣ
ȷʵǿúܣ̾һתԼѾˣһ仯֮Ҳʼδġ
һתܵã֣ͥТһŹ¿ģůĹޣ˵Ǻܺõ顣
һҵƴͼȱҪһ顣
˾ѸöãԼһˡ
¥𱬣÷ֳϲˣһῪĵġ
˾ˣһֱ㣬Ҫõ͸㡣
лҪ˵
һµķ⣬


200 ʮ 
ʮ
, ͡ǿС·ݵ顣
իСԺһֳֳ׿ӦйС, ͩҶն÷׷Ʈ, ͬһҶꡣ
ƶĽԽԽ, ò˶ʱգвΪ°ܽ
ˬʵ, ׿ӦƻʣԺſڣƺǣ, Цӯӯ
ƶڵʵ츳С׿ӦмʤҲϻο
ƺʮ꣬˶õ, ڶټʮʮģ²¶ٺۼ
ƺϵ֮ҲӰ, ƦӵҲŮȫڿԽׯغ, Ŀ꼣ûôǸˬʻ
׿Ӧͦ, ·ഺפƵģ, ⻪õʱĶŵ, ƽʱҲٶӵʱǺģƺίߡ
һһֱһԺô
ФȻʮ꣬Ѱ˼ʮ꺢ӵߣѾΡ
Ը棬׵ӰƺĳȣҲ׿ӦеĴǹ飬ʮ㣬ССͷºԸҪΪЧ
ǿٻǿĹû£ƺҲ÷ȥѧţһʱ䣬
´СǳȻ黭ѧЩûѧҵѹʮа˼һϸ壬׵Сް
СǸӣ𣬻ػʹ̽ףҲһŮ綼ҪСµһͨף˵ҪȥŮ
һ˵¶ƺ͵ۣԼı񣬾Բܸˣ
Ҳ׿ӦкϼƹһΪ˶ݽø˵ףҲ̸ֻܹʹҲֻȨ֮ƣѡŮ¶ƺ˵㣡
ʱԺƺ׿ӦסʱŰիԺҲǸǻ˸һסÿЩ
׿ӦУ¡⡱ܹȥΪӣв磬Ъɣ¶̶˱ǣɺúˡ
û䣬˶Ų̹˫Ӽ룬ʯϣ̶һһ
ͷ󺹣ͿʵòУǹضһȵݸ׿ӦУŶһ빾˹˺ȥ
Χʯߣ׿ӦҲ̶һ޵ˬˣúȣ¶ԽԽˡ
ǵȻ״³ƺգգۣЦúǵ⡣
ƺӺһȣ򿪸׿Ӧ۲ۣ
ۣĶĶƶûء׿Ӧҡͷ
Ƹ׿Ӧֵһ̶ƽ»ȥϲ͸߲С
ȻϸǱƽҰɱģϴ϶˲ֱӹϵõʱԼڹƽҰҲвжΡ
ƺûн¸ӣǲԩԩ౨´Сų޳ϴĻΣӼǸͿصĺãҪǲֻǺƺ´С£ҲмӣӲѳ
ô˵ƺ΢ЦͶˣӿɽ̣
ʲôʱֹ˵λҴóԵء
֪ԣȥǰҪ£ܰȫõģλΪġ
׿Ӧкƺȷʵ˸ǵ
ʮù飬úҲû¥ȷʵ¥Ҳ¡͡ˡ
׽Ҳ˾֪ȴΪͷ
ֻ͡޵̻ĽԽ࣬ԽԼյϢʼĿĵһЩȥ̽
ٺĿڶ࣬˿ʼί̽鱨ԽΪֱ࣬Щֻ̼¡
Խʮֺ棬߲ܣҲͨίн뽭¡
뽭̽鱨ȴ̻̽Σնˣ⣬ϴ˴ݵѧͽѡ˼ɫģصѵݵļڡ
⼸˳̽ĹǸɣ˹ģ֮⽫̻ǲ֡ҵ񡱷ֿôҶԳƻ¥ˡ
ǸٷչǸɣܿڴʿۼļطԼˣϢͨܰｭƽϢؼʱȷʵҲܰٸǻ¥ԽԽ󣬳˽һָ̽»
ƺ׿ӦæŴӣ˫Ŵ£֪ϥ̸һȷԴ񣬶ҪˣҲȥˡ
ʮˣģǶŶա
֮ǰѧݣѧѧҽһͨڹǾëŹκһʿ
ĵȭŷֱƺ׿ӦСϴ͸ѧ쵶ھ裬˵ڵİóޣɽׯͣӲǽס˰꣬صĹѧ˸͸
ˣǰƺ԰ѹɽӵһЩ˻кܶ˵ĻͼֽһЩͷͷΣȫѧˡ
Сʮʱ򣬾ͷЩͼֽԭ˹ɽĻżʱºͺ档
ЩԼСżԺ￩տյ׷ܣƺ常ļ˴УаοҲûֹоԭһԴ˺ˡ
֮⣬ظѧЩⵤҪѧò࣬ŷͷٶȳΡڵֱߵġ칤Ҳ֪СԹôװЩġ
¥ƽʱȥҪȤĻҲԳȻڹõƺ׿Ӧж򲻹Ͼһ꣬Ǿʮš˻ǻһġ
ǣϵϣԷһۿԼҲ̫ã£һ
Ҳˣ˵ȥĵطԶ׿Ӧеӣܵ
ָ˵̫ˣ㾻Ϲģ籾ô϶ᰲȫģ
⻰е㲻Ҫ磬˭֪ͻȻСѾżæŵسغүү繫
ѾǻǹСү˾Ҳȥˡƺ÷իѾߣϳ£̵ôˣ˵
繫ӡˣѾؿ˳۾ˣһ죡
׿ӦС롱վ첽÷իȥȥõĴ򣡡
Сӣܣûϰɣƺһѱ£ߣȥǵϾ˾ˣ
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ƺһȻڵҽҲһ⺢Ӳ֪ɶʱܵŵùҲֵöԷһˡ
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ƺҲҪ˼ţѾߴƺ»իԼȥŷ
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ҪСү̫ʢ͡ݳҵƥŮӣ˵׵ý̤ɽׯż
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˶ʱľǱһ£Щѣסͷ˫˼ĺӡ
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