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лظطʣΪʲôú׬Ǯ
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Խ֮лرؼСӣ˭ϲСĿʿ̤ţǸµһɡͲҩɽʯƷɽٷ˲ŵֵһͿ
лؾãԼɲţڲòɽǰλʦֵιһ磬ʱڳĸʸߡ
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1 
ɫ̴ƽߣֿǱҹɫһһɳ˿˳ĳ·ߣƵƮݶŵǻС
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¥£ջֻһĿڳԳʳڹ̨ϰʵˣ
лһͷ
ʮ壬±óˣȥһš
лҪæ仰д˿ܡ
ϰֺڵüëһֲȥ
ҿϹ˷Ǯлû˵꣬ƵϰԱߣ͵һģľͷ㵯˳лһŰһʮƱ·ڴӿջŻ˳ȥ
ǶԭһСΪľ˿ڲ١лػε򳤼ǰʱѾ˳ӡ˵⾰ÿһ⣬лػǰһڵĸо
վĩβǰתͷ΢Цظú簡
ߵüлЩ±ɻڲ粻ʱÿÿҪųӣϲȷ۵ڶûʲô˵ʱ
ǹ֪ƢЦǶ㲻ô磬ռͬһŶӵıˣ
лػûü˵߹ˣΪͬǹȤҶˣظԵˣͨȤҿţ˵˶٣תͷлؼüŪۣظ᣿ÿԣܵҲԣ
ɫһ䣺ƾѧᡸ塹ʣظ
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ҪܵļƣЦҲͦãظûˣǻܱ롣
еҲ˵û£ʱ򣬿Կ¸ܵǡ
лأС
лһͦߵģʮüĿʵ˵Ķܻӭ֮⣬ԭʱ˳һ֧̯ʿ˵ǡԵлΪԽʿɲ̫⣬Ȼȫȣлƾһ仰ľȫż
˵л˵˺ܶơ˾֮ۡıǾͦ׵ġ
±Ķŵû죬仰Ĺǰƽһأлؿ򳤼ǰصذڳ̯λľһصæˣǸʳ¯ġ±һƷʯһݡұǸСƷʯжһ㣬ʮһš
ôˣиŶӵĴյϸ»ֻҪһʮ
ϸûƷʯյʼ磬εʵϸƷʯĶһ۾ǵһپʮˣҲû١
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ջҪܵ˽˾䣺ҸմͷׯƷʯֻҪһһصģĶӾͰˡ
ԣﾪϲ̧ͷܿ־
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лһܻؿջϰ廹ڹ̨ˣ̧ͷˣ
Ǽˡл˵µ±һƷʯһݣԱ߻֧˸һ㣬˵ʮһš˵壬ͷ±ɰƷʯԭһһŵȺ̧̧ʲôˣ
ϰ巴Ļ˵ˣÿڣ˱εؿлء
л֪ʲô˼ҲľܾƲƲ죬֣ʮң˵ǮׯһƷʯȥ
ϰֱӴӳóһƷʯ飬ǰһʿ͵ġֱȥɣȥء
лȣǰóһʮϰ壬һγ˵ꡣ
±˼壬ظеһһݵıֽͷ˲ɽȤζţԷ˺ܾ
ϰ򲻿ɵԭǣвԺ淢ԼѶϢ
ԺǱԺǽѧʶģǽɵġ
˴ССʵһ֪ôȥ֮⣬ԺǷ̤;׵;ϰ峣˵ɶɡЩһֱʡԼãִŵҪлغ˼͵Ժȥ
лԼνҲ˼ȥɡ
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ŮϰŮ񣬿һɣϰҲͬĵ·ͬȥɵϴ˵£˵ٳϰЪ˼
Ȼĳһ꣬ͻȻŸӣϰ忪Ŀջ
ʱȹ°ȫѪȻ̥ϰŵذӭţһˮһߴлȥҴ
ʱлֻ꣬Ǵǰ䴩ӤģܵͯϰҲȷʵСˣһչлϰ߿࣬˵ϴһɽ編Ͽò֮ŮΪʸ֦˦ˡ
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һ֮˱ԼǸʿѧ˼˵ʲôϡ
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ո˰ҲֹһľⱻոĿġ
±һ֣лȷѶϢҳ˿·µԺֻңһڶԭһ
ظǶԭɣǴıֽѵжԭѶϢԭļԺϰ˴ö̫ףһֱû͡Ժ棬лϸһԺø涼ʣȥϰ彲
ŷͷ棬ͷʼ
ϸµͷͷŹʿǰԭҪµţ¾ͻһжټӦԼ˭ҵӺ˭ҵ·Ͽ˳˸׵ĻСϣĵúܡлһҳҳȥʱͣһ¡
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ÿѰˣ嵽·ݣΧ޶ڶԭڣߡò˾һҪıעԵ
ͽͦԲϣлԼȥ졣
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ϱֽ˿ջ
ϰлһͰѱֽ˹ȥһ˵мԺҪÑҲһʮһ˷
ϰ߷ʣأ
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ǲȿϰϲüңִȥæɣα
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˼ˣںæջлصĳãǺףְã˼רҵӣҪᡣ
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ֵͰæһ죬ҹջȣлʳģϨ¯Ļ𣬺˼ϷΡ
˼ĥĥظʱҲвע
͵͵лغüΣлز˶׻˵붨˼еԥҪҪлء
Ҫ˵ĻҪл붨ͬҪ
ᵽҹ˼ʵٲ˵Ҫ˯ˣŹִлصĸ첲
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2 
˼һ˵ôɣ
Ϻܿ˵ڶ˼˵δ̫࣬Ӧòǡ
˼ؿڣ׼ȥһлأʱлҲ۾
ǱšѵģȷС
һֺĸоƺ뵽ʲôϸȥȴʲôûУȻ붨״̬Ѿȥˣ˳ۡ
һۣ㿴һɫڶջ
˵žڼ֮أ˵ΪشԭԶ̫ƫƧԾպգ취ȥʦȴࡣ
û취Է˶ԣʱĽͨǲ
ͷһлغܿתͷʵ㲻úôĸأ
л˵˼һۣϥǣִ֣ƺ޴룬ǲҺԺˣ
ûл˵ܿˡ
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ʱ͵ģ˼ϸоĸװů
һЩŴʾ䣬С˵Ǽһ굽ͷһ׬ʮҾǮ̫ˡ㿴Ҹô꣬Ҳûѧᡸ塹ҾҸûɵ֡
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95%ƪ鼦ⲢҲлش˼ѧϰʣµ5%
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Ҫģ˼ѧ塹ԽѧԽģûзȻҪǣ˼ߡ
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лҲѼǰһƣԹԵվҿۺǼԺʣҲѧ˼ȥЩܵǮģ׬Ǯһһ¡ˣȥ˯˰

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ڶһ磬ճΣû˼Ӱлز̫⣬һʼӦϰǿҪ󣬺ϰ߳Ȼ
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лػ˻Դ£ʼһɡ
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ԷлҲͦˣһЦлС磬ãҳͷޣˣǮո
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Ͻ볤ӣʵҲȷʵĳܵʳֲлǰЩҰֵⷢģԻԼҺԺ
⣬ʱ԰ѡ塹õֲϣΪʱá
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Ļɢ޺һڣ޵ϽرԣͨϽ˰
𣿡лͷϵĻԼֵġ
ɢ޸һĴָлС粻վޣֵҲһѺ֡
лֻЦЦ
˴磬ʵֵضֻˮֲϰԣǷҪʩЩһŲ֪
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3 
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лں˼һ׼ƷҴ٣Ҳ֪ҪԷĵͽ׵мˡ
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ձ鿴ˣȴǡͷһͷȡ򹷣л˫Ȼ˼塣
ƱǿлװòˣԼҲøװӡ
װĲ˶࣬һ·гǡߵ⣬˲ŴӻͳһŷֽĬһǷֽɿŴ󣬳̺ȥʾлض˰װ˲˵С
˼Сﲻס̲סʣλɳΪҪгǣ
һؿһۡ
һ˵ƢЩԼĪӲſڣԹŴĹأ˵ؽ磬Ǿʹ÷
ллɳ󡣡˼شл꣬㵽л
лؿһۡ
СƨǱ䣬ˡ
ֽһ·ԽߴͱԽ
ľѾССķ飬ҰУֺͲԭΧţڿеĴԽԽ
лؿľ䣬СС緱ɢ䣬һЩȥһЩûС
Ҳǡˡտӽǡ
˾вһڵҲѹ°

ϴĲֹӣֽɵǰʱлؿŶӵȺϴġͲˡ
ΪвٽġͬСлڸϰ嶫ܽʱ໥˸ѺõǴк
ûз˸ڴʱ
˼紵䣬һֱллʵ̫ó֫ӴʱҲֻεذ뱧æ硣
Ҳ֪˶ãűϴ
һϴͱֵˣС˱õķֽǲ²Ѿˣлػã˼ϴʹһ磬һ
ƽʱǲлͳ飬Ҳûû˼֪˰ɣ
˼ίǻô
Ҫ͵ʱˣлص߲ˣŰɡ
Ͳ˶һҲҪЩʳﱻŻȥ
ҲҪˡСӲʲôС׼еѹѾϢ
лЦЦû˵ĵܵܵļ
лϳ̩ɽǰ治ɫĵԼû֣˶ԵȷǺġ
˼һ۲⡣
ﷲ˴һģֻҪſŵĵӵҲûȤǡ
лضڿűߵλãʲôҲϵĶ
ʱһһȥ
˼и㱻ȺܵĻ˵ˣƤͷһһģ䲻Ʈſڵ
ԭǷŵʿΪˡ
˵òˣ֪ѿɷͨڡ
ʣ˵ٷ硣
˼һѹ˳лصӡ
ŵˣϣĪǡ
׵


4 
ɵǣλʿ±ģ˵Լڣ˵мλһ
л˼֣ʾ£һͨظ
ںܴʿԼڱ߳ԱģЩӡʿƺûиȤһﲻ
ûȷǲϴܵ취ʡ
лر˰죬ʣλɳ֪λɳ˷Σ
û˵꣬ʿתüͷš𣺡Ƿ˴ʲô
£лϲɫ˫ۿ̱Եʣлﲢôÿ
лسǣǲ֪ȥҪյķô
ÿնŲˣſڱǲǿô
˼ƲƲ죬лһ¡
ֱߵʿķǰǻû׳ʲôϢ
֣֡ǲ֪Ǽʱô
ʦû˵Ҳ⼸졣𻰵鲻ѣе壬ö˶˵ģ鶼û꣬Ҳ֪ܳʲô
ʿһȣֹͣˣЩϢлغźϴƿţͻȻ֣Ҵˡ
С¾䡣
Բǰˣ˴ŸղŴлϴĵƵʽ£һһ֣ѵġձϡǻľǸձЦſʿ䣬һ˫˹˵˵ôģ
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ǡձȻûԼȴúܣһһлصζϷֱŶ١
̬Ȳãлű̡
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ð졣ʿͻȻվȡֽʷϣһŶ٣ﻭȦʾǡ
лػûӦǶ˴󾪣ҲҪ
ôУֿ¹ȵŮԽҳ֮£
ʿ΢̧°ͣԣһʲôԽݣ
лأ
ۣȻдТӻ򹷷˵ֱ׳
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һǸһֱûĸʿֵдò
лЦٹӡ
лؾͦ׵ģΪִΪѧϰëʣгȻʲôʿ漣ԵлΪʲôԲзۡ
ʿֻһʣ˵ͽ˴˳ȥû˴·ҪԼ߻֮ǰķ䡣
һ·϶дʽµĵֵأֵûҵ˵Ļᡣ
˴Լһٷʱ䣬һӷ˲ű´ʱλӽǣȥʱֻһλһأӾͻشˡ
ͷȻбڴӽ߻ص͵޵˵ͣƬ̲С
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ӳǼ䷿лؾһֱ˼
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лػһתˣ¹ȵŮǷŵˣ˵ûҿ룬׵һһȥ鿴±ȷһ¡
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лأ
лһͷ󣺡ҲǸ˵͵㡭ȡȲغã˿
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˵ÿûзлвɫҪǻϴͲˣѶŻȥ
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Ϊ͵׵Ķ͵
ʮûչ˹ңһ˼춼ˣѧ͸׵ｻÑİ
лأ
лͷۡ
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ǶѾɵġ±أ
¡
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ڰǰġ±ҵԼҵš
գ¹֮Ůӣʿϲõ£ԷΪšϴʿٳ
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ϰûʲôôˣ
ڴϿϴˡ
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侲㡣лæסһˣʿˡ
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˼͵һ˵ҪǷȥÑ
ϰپˬ̲ס
лֻһ˲ģͷ۵òУˣסɢ˵Ǵŵġ߻Ӫ˵ʲôչʲôΪˮƽ֪
˵ʿ÷˱ܣžǰ赽ͨʿͷһͬ˱ܵĴڡЩʽµĵӣ²ŵˣҲѹϴΪ׵ʿ򹷡
˼ĸ֮·û﷫𺽣Ҫزˡ
֮侲лסϰ壬š±¥˼
ѾɱֽܵԼǰæУʲôͷ͹Թȥѧлᡣ
˼ɨһۣѱֽ鵽Աߣջ𣺡ֲɵ㶫ƽˣôȥ鷳ǲԡԵײʯͷ𣿡
ǽѻʯл
˼ϰ侲ˣлضٷġ
û뵽ҹϴǵ鷳
ĺɫУһɫ⵱£ʯľɵС¥м롣
ۣ
ǡ
Բۣ
ȥλ˱ţϵΡ
֮Уϴһϯ£̤ɽ˴ÿջ¸ҹ
л˵
ǻĹ


5 
ȳʵǼסڵɢޣһͷʣѺηʥΪһžͲҰǿǿЩס˵飡
ϴڷɽ֮ϣҹзɣ˵ɣش⣬ͷһʿǷˣſ˿ڣ·ϴҿջ͵ҵĶҪָ˵ġ
һʼûӦ˻һС˵šǲǸ¹Ƚ׵ģ
ɢ޼ף룡
ɢң룡
ѹôţأ
߶ãջܱߵİն˹ýĲΣ̽ͷ̽ԣԶȴû˹˼ɣݵش֡
˵¹ĳԻɢ޶лһмֺøУ̲ס˵˾䣺ǡ˵ؽ磬Ǿö÷涨װƷ̨׵ģ
Ա߼֪ɢ޾ˣʲôֺ
¡¡
·Ϊӡ֤Իɢ޵Ļһ֮ƾ𡣳Իɢ޼״¶ǻ۵Цݣ֪ɢ
ԲۣһֱԹع涨
ɫ˺Ʋ㣬ۿҪ£ϴͫһ־̴󺰵֣
ͼһöԲηȻգǡöڵף
һ
ױǷ赲ɢּ˷ҹɫ֮Уٲſԭϴ߻һڿգֻɫ£ҹﲻۣһʼһûע⡣
ɫµĿʽǡ
ɢ޵һŵˣ
лǰĸʿȻǸڷɽϣ¿ʱɫзư֮ɫҴʦµķСϣֻ֣ܶ׵£صġ
ϴϲл

л˯ڶ¥м䣬ǡβƫϼ磬ǲȫȫβܳ
ϴĵ׾һָô˼أֻԼӲͷƤǰװӣλɳʵڶԲסӣ͵ɳһһֱ˴űҷ֡ҵȷϲɴԭջšΪλɳͲ˵ĻٽŻȥġѶó뿴ײµķϣһء
˵գմӰĿջ˼ʹ˸ɫȥǶ
˼ĲԸǼҶˡ
˵ˣȥңлص
ϴҿû˵ҪˡҲýҲøߣҪǲʩӳͽ䣬ѵ˭Խҷöˣ
˼ί仰ͷ͵һ̧
۽Ǵ죬ˮ⣬ȴĲޡ
ǸӣɢҲûʿô߹󣬳Իʿۣ߶һ䣺Ȼֻһûȥˣͨ󣬺һһʶʲô˼
༸ɢ޸ͣǰǰ
˴ˡ
Ȼֻһҵ滹¹ȵΣϴдʣ㶯ģǵҵ²ãǵ𣬻ҵ𰡣
Ǽɢƺ˵ʲôˣлضĿһûסֹһ䣺¹ȵҲֻѰԼǵ£۸ʲô
ʵʽͦΣģлػеЦ
ϲ磬Ҳܲϲ硣
ϲϵ˲ȸͣϲЩԼΪ߾͸̤ƽ
޵ʲôأ
ǶԷˣһΪԼ͡ûԼӲʿָʹɱȨ
û޹ɣܾáġ
лزԾسһû˳ƺˡ
һ룬һίַŭ֮ͯľҹɫڳÿһ˶
ĵ£Ƿŵľ𣿡˼ӻͳһֱջſûĵ𣬡Ҳ㣡
лأ
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˵ὣһɫӭǼҿջһл͵ץס˼ĸ첲ӣܣ
˼һƫСĴľͷŽе硪

ܱУҲϵİա
лؾԼⱲӶûô
紵޷Хϣܣл޷飬Ժֻʣĸ֡
ܡء㡣
ǻϱѧʱѧġ
ҲһʱĦܻʧȥֻҪܵù칻ԶӦܡ
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ڣлص뷨⣬ϴķȷ֧Ų⡣ٿ⣬ܵˣ
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⺢ӼĲ֧ոշ£˵ˡ
лشŴ̲סЦһɵӣҪģﵱҲ
ǡôܷԼĹȥأ
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˳ǵϴҲûﱻΧʱɷǣһС˵־ЦڳڶһҪأ˿ʡҵ£
һ𣿡лʡ
ڵĳԹֹһˡϴ֪Щʲô
˵𣿡лЦһҵʲô֪ʮǰҰĴ򡣡
ϴĿѡ
ĸʿսݵķҲŽ䵽ϣԼĽһְֻסϴļ򣺡㼤ʲô˵ģ
ϴһòЦӣҲֻ֪˵ȥЩһֱšǾˮ米Ⱦҿ˴ʱ˵£뻵ҡӣָһҪ˵Ǻҵġ
ʿƳһۣѵģ
ܰ
ƨ˼е㶼ôѪˣ
лأǸ˲Żˮɵӡ
ֻǣϴȶ޾飬Ҳῴ˼ķϣ˼һء
ô죿
лصߴƽĺɨ䵽ǸʿϰĲͣסˡ
ϴЦһС;˵һЩٲϢͼߣŽѪ˰ɣӣƺʶģͿȻ󡭡
ϴлشһ
۾ƫԲԭǼĳ࣬ʱ˿ȴȻֽ˲ֱӵɱ֮ϴ붯֣סһʱûǰ硣
л䶢ʳӣǡ˵̧㣡
żһԷȥϴɴ˫ۣһʱûӦͼлذ;ת˸
Ŀ꾹Ǹʿ
лв֪ʱ˱СƽʱָǱֻкâһʿͷŵĲһɣ䡣
ۼֿлһץ
ûȥͷߡʲô
ǰɿˣװŵĶ¶ȫòһֻɲʻ롣
ʻˮƽͯȲ࣬л벻һţƺģеλʿϱŲİװľȻô
ⶫôҲܵ룬лصĶʱһ롣
˭ϣʿȴɫһҹһ˽
һ㺮âҹɫ
˼˺ѷεؽ硪
л˵
䣬ȫ꣨


6 
һ˲䷢˼Ӧ
ʿһնĽϴĽö࣬˲ͱлرġڴͬʱһƾճ֣Юǧ֮¡
ʿҪǵһˡ
˼룬ֲһƽƺûдţȴɽӣǿ󲻿ɺĸʿ˵ɳϰף֫ٺͬʱϰٵ˺ۣѪ
ꡪ
ϴͷ󺧣֣
лصʱſϣѪӿ
磡˼ع񣬿޽˹ȥȲҰνֲҲνһʱ޴룬ְл˿⣬޵ñǼⶼˣ磡㲻°磡
л۾ָһɣǱ͹˵ϡ˵Ҳ֣ǿһû˵ƺĿֻֻѡ
ܵķ羲ʵʵĽ֮ϣưһŻֽӰƮ£ƮƮڽϣǹ
ɷİ˸֣˵ؽ磬ö֡
ΪʧѪлصʶЩ㱣ģģ룺ֻͦÿ
ʷԭϺХķѩ
е졣
ٹİе
ϴֻʧû˿գ֪λ;˴С֮һ˽˶Թǰ̧֡
û˻Ӧֻһॡ졣
ϴһʱŵðߵˡոջüģǼʿʦµġǱǽ飬˼޷תͭ
ǡεȵ
ʱͲʲôˣʹȥҪӣĺȳ⡭ʲô
֡ϴҴʿɳȥķܣӰǱ
ԭϱˣҲҪֻ˼һ䣬Ĩϵˮ˵磬ˡ
ţ
޵ñǶͲ۸ˡ
š
磬˯òãˣҽȥ㺰򡣡
ˡлǿЦЦ
ϵĴԶ˼δɣһһز֪ҪܶãлزԼܳŵǸʱ
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ϱӱƱҵ꣬ҹ°౻Ƽݵ˾ײԭΪʹսᣬû뵽Խ˵أ׼ʮ
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ԭǺͻȻ£û׼ʱغôǻ˼ģ˸ˣŲ㡸ںë
ֵˡ
еˣ˵岻֪ǲǻڷ£ȥڸķءҿͦģͰɡ
硭˵˸硭˼ȥ˿ڣѪˣȥòðء
ҹˮ
ʱͻȻһ⣬ӵŭ쳹أ㲻Ҫ̫
ɴŵշһ۴Ӱգ۵˽ǰ˼޵ģãȻ̧ͷֻܿһ°͡
˺ܸߣ˼ֶ֮У½˵ǿϢסһɤӿǻںϢ
˵ĿǸ룬ǱɵĽӣһ壬ɸ飬òˡ
˺޺̧ͷ泯գû뵽ô꣬㻹Ĳ
ӡʮ㣬лرͷΣУֻһ嵭𣬷·һлصĶͷϣٽһЩǡ
ǣ㲻Ҳһ˽꣬˭Ĳ
䣬ϻֽѿǱâʢڿһɨȥĿĽˮȦȦ
˰δƾΣ뽣ײһ
лֻü˼һ£Ȼͺһͬನ˳ȥ
˼ᣬֱӱ˦˺棬лȴڰ£ͬʿĴǱһС
ˣ
磡˼һؾֽŲõɺﻹлصӰӣ

뽣һײ޾͸оԣͫһͻȥ
ҽͱҪ졣
ԷĮȴ޾ķ⣬ȥĺܶһ
ѲجΡ
ڼţĿˣȴƫƫõĿ⡣
ֻͷһѻգ޲ýӻɽﾾ⣬Ѫ
ֻܽɴͣǧ⣬Ϊò׼ǰһҹǲ׽٣ʱԤг棬ǲ
һգ壬ǵĮ桭ûõĵӹϼȥſڴ
޵м
УûʸĶ
ǱɻԱߣֱֱػƵġĿ뽣֮ãһ˦䣬ڿն
˳δԼҵӺǽͷһá
Ұָ˼žֻʣ˼ڸҷŴĿ
硭

֪˶ãֵͻ⴫˼޵üֱһϤҡѣ˼˼أ
˼ű飬ǱҼˣ硭
һһģ˵ָֻƬ
ϰĿѣˣ
˼ͷˣ¡
ϰøγϣŻ˵ֻŮĺܹҽеôûлظĹڣĴ⺢ӵģؿź
ңңæҵкǰæһߵں˯ģѹˣ̫ոգ֪Ҿˣ
ԱһȰҲˣմһæžȻأ˭Ԥϵ
˼ãȻ˫ۡ
˰죬Ŵӹæе֪ոл̫ܵ˿ջſڵĵоأھӷéݡϵӶΪľݣֻӸʯͷṹ»Ϊ˲ɸĻһֻЭŹˡ
ϰ屻ķѹȣһȳһյģ·Ҳ߲졣
ϰȻûºӣлԵ׳ˮԸºˡ˼һ߾ϣãһų漣ֹеضź档
ôһ
ü׳һͬºһô̵ġ
˼۵Ĺ⣬ʱŽȥ
ãȻ룬ôصˣֱˮһݣĻлĻ᣿
Ҳ֪ǲԸˡ
Ǽ׳׼Ĵº˵ʱһ۴Ӱ
һϲ̫ƽˣľһӦȻǹݣǾ衣ֱһ׳֣°ݣ֪ɳˣΪ£
ᣬٶһϮɫžͽøСϵıƺЩ˵Σʦ֮ǰ
ͷһ¿˿ǣ˰죬Ҳûóһί˵ֻԱûֵܰĵط
ʵʦԭǣȥʰСʦµ̯ӡ
ڳ˲֪ոշʲôЩãȻ˫һɨ̬̾˿Ÿȥ롣
һȥǵػһĽɢˣƬֻصϣŷɽ¿˰ΣСסһһָ桪
һʮ˺ϱˮԺը·ˣһ
˼ͻȻˣӵ磡
ʿȷлرĴˣֽ˷̽棺ţư
ʿͱһȻţ
л˵
ڳǲûоŵĹ


7 
СʦжԹλллСֵҲ㱻Сʦۣʦ˵ܾȣҰһѡ
ڿеķɴϢط˻ȥڱε¶ʿлأͬһнǣʱվڿջķǰߣϰӷٳлص˽Ʒ
ɳˣ˼۾Ҹ绹ܻ𣿡
۾̫ϴŴûԲִ󣬶˵Ǵ޹ʿƢЦЦлصı¶һڣҴȥҩϣġ㿴Ѫǲǲˣ
лرĴĽ粻֪٣ֻһڴѪʪ˼ܿµεǻѪˮлصѪ
ȷֹסˡ
˿ϰһȥٷ棬ܿ콫лصĶ
лʵûʲôĶ޷Ǽ·ͳõСʿصظǣҪҲʱģ㽫˴ˣ֪λʲô㣿
⣬ȴҲóջûˡ
ʦ˵ͷ͵˻ĺӦҲ㡸̯ӡ֮һԴ
ЩЩǮԭ㽫ȥĳԺѧϰϰ˴֣ʿ˵̽ظѹ֪ܷڡ˿ǣͷȥʿơ
ŵˡʿ΢΢һЦð죬һŵſǡͨù£һͨٽͻߡ
ϰлãлл㶯ˡ
˼ʿǳһʿʣҹ·
Ӳ˯ˣʰ¶ˡϰ幧ȥǧΨ֡ҹζࡣ
ŵİԵԭ˾֪ϰˡ
ʿŲµĹǣ룬ƬɫҶӸˡǧҶһܷǱȷ˵ĳЩҵӡǣ;鷳ˣҲֵܵһ
͡ɡմ״ʵĶڷ˵ؽ綼ǹصٹصϰļֺöԶپ֣ƾܵʹãҵȺεºܣɳҪķ
ʲôϡʿƺе㲻˼˲˵ѧòˣǸʡŰɣһҪȥʦ˵Ҳܵ飬㲻ˡ
ϰ񣺡ɳ
˼Ŵ۾ʿ°ڣɳˣԺ󡭡һȥҸô
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лֻԼʶģҪ
ʲô˳ȥʲôӿǺӿĶģоûз
֪˶ãл𽥻ָЩΧ˵
ǸǶŪˣôûѽ
ǣ̫īˣ
˵ɣô˿ڡԣ
𳳼ܣСĳǲѪӦÿ˰ɣ

ʲôãǲϣ𣿡
Ҫǿôѽúߵģ
ѽϲģ

ôоæ


Ķӱӿ壬лط·Ȫ֮Уֻû˵̩
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ԡˮ
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ףһİͷ
лؿΧľ͵ػ񣺡ǡϣ
⾻Ǽٺ˵ĲľԭХķɹлֽŲõŷԼոſһ޴Ľϡ
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л̧ͷãȻ
㵹ȤûһҾ͹ݡʿ˵ҽ׺ޣ״ӣʦ֮ɽȣǸСǱɾСʦ忴ǶУҪٵġҲ˱ǣʦҰȥΡ
˵꣬ͳһӵݸлء
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л˰죬ðһ䣺ʿ𣿡
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лллض˶٣Ҳл㡭Сʦҡ
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лҡҡͷ룬ҴԼҲҪϴϵģûʲô𡣡
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ⱲӾϣҺ͵ܵɣԼνġлشۣҼǹǵİΣҪȥŰģ˵žңΪͼʦ̫Ƥô
ʲô׺촽Ҫ˵ģƾʵݵʦʲôƤ
лأ
Ϊʲôλʿڴʦӣ
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׺޸˵ϰ˴ӡǵġǧҶ鷳һͻ֪ȫúܣõġ˵䱻ʱˣȴưոݵӣҲСʦ鷳˵лйߣɽǳȫ
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8 
ǰǾžŰʮһ꣬ɽ˳꣬ڿﻹǹ΢ˮ
ʯ̨վˣòģ·ǸʸԳöࡣ˫üšĽɽͷκɽ紩¶ȴû֪
󷽿ɽվСȴվסˡϵʽ²硪ӵؿڣʦ棬ҪȻȥɣⶼˣʦǳˣǸš
ɽõľݣվЩСҲ㡣
ƽȻ꣬ͷƳСһۣû
ˡ˵Се˵ģʦĵط⣬䲻ͨ򡣾õʦҲҪ˵½һˮɡҾͱһ
ţûƽȻͷûסɽ磬ȻȥЪŰɣԼȾˡ
ôУСﻹиҹһֱŵĵ˻˵ţֲƵƵġ
ƽȻЦ˳ϹУƤӵˣж¡סߡܲҪ㣿
СΪѵץץͷ˵ЦֻһͷɽǡʦעϢվˣ
ƽȻ˰֡
ȥЪţɽ䲻ӰҲˣһ߾ʹˡ
ֱȵ̫øˣɢЩɽſһϮ´ɽͷ֣˹
ƽȻ˿
ߵǰЦƽˡ
Ŀһۣ׵ʦ֡
ȴûйƽȻûƽϡСˣ츳׿ƫƫԣʦʦʦ㣬ôġ
ƽȻһʦȻҲڡôķڣܴкϷǳò
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ƽȻ죺Ϊղء
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򲻿ɡƽȻŻȰ㿴ɽһֱ̫ƽʱͬգûܿš˵ÿ궼ⷢѰʾûϢɽҲ޲ο뿪˭ȥҷ鷳
ߣ⻰Ųһ٣ͷ鷳ʲô
Űѷ޸ϻȥĪ׷˵
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Źʿǰȥħ飬뺯û﷢Ҫ˵꣬ħڻʦϵأҾǶӦ÷һƢԲԣܲʿãӺ󡣡
ꡭ
ӣƬ̧ͷ㿴Űɡ
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Ҳûá˲ԺܹסǰƽȻƴһ߻ħⱱչأͻƵһƽȻɺ
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׷ȥ⾭ɽȻصŴĺмơԶˣ˳ɽͻء
Իῴš
ţ˶˿ٶȣʱӦ뿪ŵؽ磬ƽȻû˹˼ɣ޷޲ƽֹϾһһȵµŴˣ۵ҲҪб㵹һ۰

ûת˳ŷһδɢĺۼһ·׷ľ⡣
طͷһصãΪǰһҹмҲİ
ˮλƺ½һء
ź߿˰Ȧҹâֱ֮Ϣ
ߵŵӱɳȥԺصĵط
ʱ䲻ϻЩɫѪ΢ӵʰЩָ롣
һƳѼĺɫƮܵĳָһءΡĿڵλáüƬ̾Цһ£۳Ū֮ɫ
ɷǻҳ
䣬ԭѾûǵ³Ӱ

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Զͤռһɽͷңңɽ徲лسһͷ顢
ûɷֽƬ˲ţֻͷ˵ʵֻƬԼŸòȷǸţлʵ벻ͨһΪʲôҪһλҩ԰֮ŷعƭ˽ţֻܽΪԶ̫ͤ٣ԼԼһԵԵʡ
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Ĵз˱֣һ¸λ·ʪҪҪѧһֱţܷʧ֢״
ʧ޹أ
ԼʧĻҪ¡


9 
һʼлǲŵģͷиܼ򵥵߼νɾҲȫǿǸˣ˷˭Ҳס
ǷӣóΪһȫ½֪飬ȻûУлؾ²
ҽô顸ſ项л־ûԲȫš
Ȱһ˲ǣ
лصǺܽ⣬֪ִкͨ˰˸ӴţһʼԸҲֻǲŶ鷳Ȼȱˣԡ
ҽо仰˵ûԼһÑл˵Ǻġ
ϰʱ˼ʮƱȫҵһ룬ЩǮϼԺġʡǮͷȥϰ壬˼漸Ñ

֮˿ڳ˵лرҽ͵ɽ¡
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лɣصΪˣ
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лһӣЦͬ𣺡ȥˡ
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ǡǻԥʲô
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ңȥײŲľԵֻҽޣûĽǰ;㣬ȥĶϪԶȥıӰ
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㳤ںΪʲôϪУǵȻΪϪͨOrz


10 
ǳǰгֵܶϵġжٰӿ⣬ǻϣֵܶ໥ֵġ
ϪǸֱһ죬żϻлȥˡ
лطְסһȣ֪ȥ𣿡
Ϫһ㶣֪ҵҪչ˺ġ
ߣΪʲôչ
ϪգգۣԼҲعζǰΪʲô
ûлҲǷˣѵΣգ褴򲻹ģʹùô
˵ſŵӵĵطΣҲ̫صġлʱ䣬ûͨĻػɽµ㣻ͨ˿飬Ǿžˡ㼱ʲô
˵úеϪ˵ˡ
˭лؽŲһת˹ȥȥɡ˼ϡ
Ϫһһ㶵ģ㲻˵չô
սӵˣսӵˡǲõ磬ҪлɫׯأһˣʧѪأ
ϪܾﲻԣСԴ벻ȥ
лأǾսʲôʲôĻе
ţΪⲻ˵ġлһλΰ˽ġ
Ŷһǳΰ󡣡
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褽Ųһ٣ԥ˰롣³֡һܶдϣ褴Ϫ춼ûҵڣ辶Իɱ֤Լʵ˵һͷֻʮΪΪͻȻϢǣ
𣡣
Сģ
褳Ĺ޾ͻȻת򣬷Ϫͷȥ褱ǿ֮ĩǰǵܵʱֻؿɢȳĴ켲ٿ
ԭ޵죬˻󡭡
ݡ
һȻ
褱Ϊ޵һ֮²ŷֲǡ
Ѿҧֻ£ܽһϣȴһĽ̴˺
ȵѪϣǰ
ͫײðΣʶԼһͷ亹
㣡Ϫ˹ȥ

һ߳²ȵĽâ˲̴޼ʺѪҺ
͡
أ첽ߵǰ
޴Ȼء
ϪԼ֣лǰһ䵭ߵǰǱ˳
ǿнͨĽֻʹߵĲͬټѪϴʱмֲ
лػڻոǱٶȣԼ޺󾱴ʱǧ
඼ĽǿģлֻһĻֵƷζ
㣡Ϫ褵ļ򣬡û°ɣҩأˣҸҩ
ٺ褱סˣκϪʵ룬ǰĻ꺰˻üûؽϵĽָ޶ȥ
Ϫ̵ͷ
л㶣ʶöƽƽĽָȻǸ﷨
ߵǰĮȻƳһۣղʲô
̫䣬褴Сڼ£ʱܹʣһʱлĶˣʵ˭
겻ֻظ³ֲƾճޣղʲô
Ŀ͸ֻʮ£üĿסһϮȻɵİ£ȴл͵·Сƨ
˵˼
СĪϪȴżˣ褵½ǵ˵㣬úûشۣ
Ϫһ˵һ۽ǳƵĸʹɫϧүСûѧɫûgetԵ粨
лȴˡСſ龫µƣ顸ǡ֡
ŵˡ
ʿòͣɹһ꣬˺бϣܱС⣬ƾԪֱսᣬòҲ𽥱ϡŵʿĿȴֻʮ꣬Ӧеš
н磬츳õûԸ
˭֪ʮӶʮ
ϪϣлûԹۣһѣ֣λ²ŵġˡ
֮ǰҽһЩڵСӻᱻȥɽţʲôҲܰŴ
лԶڰ仰ˡԱ֡
ΣգСʱлȻ뵽ˡ
ע⵽ƣɫ䣬ŤŤ˵ҾͷʮΪɱһɱ
Ϫ
˵֮ǰȷʮҵΪֻǲ֪ΪʲôͻȻΪǡ
в̫ƽ
лسʼСл߿˹褵ĻҲûʲôʾ۾ûգ
лز֪ԷԼ۾ʲôСϿˡȻ֡
˵ôһ䣬˵꣬ȥޣֻ̧ӽָľԶƶǷֳһ
ҲԵһ̣
֦ͷУϸӰڵϣлٿȥʱȴӰûʣ¡
뿪ˡ
л˵
ڼŵĹ


11 
лضڵϿϪ澵ӡ
ɽһƬյأһʽµĽӵڴ˴ԵƬ̡
·֮ǰл׺ϼֲͬŵͳһװǲ֪ΪʲôոǸСû
е
лһϲ£ϴ⣬һԴµ˶༸ֺøУټСŸ˼¡
һʱ䣬С뵽ԶļˣƻСϡ
ǰֻ˵۾ѾǺԭԼһµĲˣԾɲ̫һ
˫۾رӦûʲôֵñ˺档
Сʱڿʲôأ
֡
лأˮ𣿡ϪıܹλǰҪЩˮ
лո褳£ϪʱлصȷûüˮȣЩˡ
ӹСҪȶã
˵ǳ̫ˣҪһ𡣡ϪøСû뵽ﻹˣ˵ǻ᲻°
лСǾ䡸³ֲƾճޡĬĬҡҡͷ
˵عĪǰ׼ģǱ߿һۣ֮ƺܵ˴һ˶ڽԱգϪȥ˵ˡ
˵
лذͭϪ
̫ǲеģܵʱǳӱ
Ϫоʲô𣿡
лҡҡͷûУҿĥˡ
ȫȲִҵƳɵľӡ
á塹ֹϽ룬ϴô࣬ôûоôһľӣ
ô๦ȴȫθƷʣ˼Ϻܲаˡ
ǵȴһͼ½½һЩˡлôЩջãԹɫĹ¯࣬ǶǷǸļͥġ뵽֮ǰϪ˵ĻʣЩ˲ᶼҳɣ
ѽһ㶼ϲСϪ˵Ȼ
ģƽϪʶˣĵܹȥкˡлؿ˿ȼбȽԺյļ壬кü˶Ϫܹȥ褴к
ȫҲʮˣһ굽ͷôµӵĻȷʵЩ
һŵ۵ĿУŷɽӳڽǰԼ˱ˮŵǸʣˣ
ţʦԽӵˡǸ𣬡ĶɽˣʣûĶӳˡ
᲻᲻̫ðڿˣ
Ҳûǣ˭õʦ˵ˣҲǿһ֡Ǳ롣
㣬ʲôöģҶˡվдУ̧һӣǶ
һȺֵ˰֪гɶӸʿлҲȥ
Ϫ棬ǰ褣Щ˼ȼӵ죬ó˵λá
յغʯףԽԽҲԽǡݡһףǰȻʣ·浽ɹһ㡣
ʯ̾͵Ĺ㳡룬ʮ𿴲ݵľ޴ſװԲͬҲ֪ôģǷɵ°죬·һͻ
ʯţˮڣ˺󷽵ʯףʯ֮ϣķܴ£ɡ
Ⱥô󣬵ǵһμţһʱ䶼Щˡ
лػãִˣ棬ҲŴ˴
Ϊ֣ƺûİУ·͸ü˵ء
ȻǲܵģǱҽĴ/˵ϴˡ
ж
ŵĵ񡣡ָŵЦеظЩ˽ܣ֪ڼҶ붼һ߸̣ȥһյƣ֮˴ȥס

£лصЩ²
հʮ񣬱߽߱ܣֱ߽
ھվŲˣէһࡣǶüĿ̬ڽڲû
лп׺ޣûҽ塣
ձлûټлܣͦˡ
׺ȻǣϵԣԾĽСѸǰ񣺡ʦ
ŵš
лض࿴һۡ
Ŀᣬ̬ºͣͦദ
ƽȻ˵ͷûຮѣ̧˸ľ׮һĶ롣ӱȺµӰж˳һǰȥԡ
ⶫɫһƵĹ󣬿źܺءлϸ۲һ褱ȥ
굥ְľ׮롣
һ׹ϴֻתһȦȻһɫĹ
褣ʮ꣬Ե쾳磡
Ŷ룡
죬ʵǲ

ڶϪ
ȻľԵһɫĹ·δֻʮ꣬Ⲣ֡
ʮĵð
ľԲǸƢõġ
ǰƢҪˡ

ʱϪصظлؿչͷҽжѻ죬ľж಻ֵǮ
û뵽лصһû俴ľĻɵ֡
ţ䲻е֣һľʿлأ
лæ˹ȥ
һŷԵĶľͷʯͷ䣬ȴǣǺˬ
һβôʲôĶ͵ز֡ΡһȦŹ
лס
¼ĽҲס
ͷŶӵµƬ̣ܿ췢һЦ
ΪлķĹʵġ
ôﰡҲ̫ˡ
˵ˣûոλǰ˵𣿡Ҳǿһ֡˼Ҳͨ˿鲻ǣ
ǻ˵ʷ޳ɴܵģָλҲأ
԰˵˼Ͳ˵ͱˡ

һȺ˵˵ЦЦյǺгΨ褺һൽһߡ
л̧ͷ
ƽֱĿ⿴ӣԷŻһлأʮ꣬δ
л˵
ָ໣¡


12 
ӵɲͬϷվŵɫЩӡ

һǡǸء
׺޲һĸӣֻлزԺ󣬼λʦʦʦ죬Ϊǲ̫лأæ˾䡸ܡλʦλʦʦ壬ǲ㱻Сʦ度ķ˰
츳ΣǶչһѵġ
οŶȱ˰
˵㱿㻹汿ƽȻбһۣͬáܡش𣬡ΪǶ⣿
Ȼأ׺޲⡣
ԱߵƷҡҡͷȻ˰
ȷʵ˵㡣˸顣
׺ޣ
ոҲǼ¡ƽȻһ䣬ֶ׺޵ʱ࿴㡣и۵ӿˣ⺢ԲͷͰȥ
׺죬룡
ʦǲ⣬ֱ̫ˣۣǶŵС˵Ǹʲ
æӦ

һȺµе˫⻹л⡣ȺƷ屾ֻǹ졸硹ɫΡ״ͦˡ
ŵĹأŵҪھüϿΣǱĸƷ忴УڴԲпܱߣΪ״ӡ
ǰǶͨŵӡ
Ӹ˺󣬽Ǵ쵽һǰȡһָѪ
֪ѪʲôͬȡѪϪšлز̫ۣ⣺ΪʲôҪȡѪ
ơҪȡͷѪֻ֮ҪƲ𣬾˵ûϪС͡
ȼƻ֮󣬵ƻԶλš
ǰлضҲС˵̫صͷ
ͷĸ߶ȣĵ˻ͦġ
Ҳ
ϪƵԺ󣬽žֵлء
ӰȡѪͬķơ
ֻ͡һ
ͷѪɻ磬ڷҡҷ£ĿŵϨˡ
ӣ
ӣٽһ£һΡ
л°˳ȥ룬˸ָȡѪ
ȡͷѪҪķţлܸоʲô΢شָ˳ȥûﲻʡ
ٴεлصƣһӶûֵϨˡ
ӣ
лգգۣʣҪһΣ
ͷѪܶʱڷȡҡҡͷ˵Աߵһᡣ
Ź¾˵ƷϯӵΣŵӽԼ£ѹҽ˵ӶҪʦ桹
лǽӴӻżŤŤֽƬˣӭһֽ˾ƾճһ˸ߣıطȺɽ
ȥšӸ˵һȺ½͵ֽᣬӭɵÿ졣
ԭˣת¶۵Ŀ⡣
ɷ
Ȼ˵ô˵ֱ˵ͷѪȡ꣬Ҳûܵȵš޷ֻýһ쵽ʦԼǰȥš
лؿԼһѪ۵ָ⣬ͷʲͣ߼ϪƲ˵ûʲô
㡭ûϪˣܿԼĿģ¡
ţ
ܸܲסһ䷿
лգۡ
㿴Ϫָͷ㣬һ15ˡҸʹλʦ֣˵ŵŵᶼһ䣬Ȼһ
ʣлˣ㲻Ҹһס
˵󣬵ҲСǰŵ褻ͷһۡ
Ϫ
ʵ۾ﶼûʲôܵĵԼŻصͷϪԽš
лز֧ӵܶӵܵĹͰѡƽȡĸֿΡ
磬סס˵ìܸ󡣡лؾܾ㲻˵չ𣿡
㲻Ǹչ𣡡Ϫе
ȼҺֵܴڼҶеķ䣬Ϫ˵н񱡣
ΪĳЩΪϰߴס
н˳Ǹͬнסһ𣬲Ȼһ˻˭ĥϪ֮˵ӦԼס
ǣ˶Ҫ˼䣬㲻ĬϺö͸ùǼҡʹʣµ˲ȼհлؾá
ȻͬһѧҶһġȰҪȥˣ˭Ըסһ𣬰ѽ˵ҶԸ⣬ʱѵ˼Ҳûܲ
ͬһ˶԰ɣϪ˷ܵʡ
Ҹ˭סһлشԽǰû˯ε˼䣬¶ԺûҲǱʱסһס
Ǻܿ챻˻ȥ
ϪȻȥˡһס˻ͦ࣬ûĽ񱣬Ǹȼҽá
ϧֹʦַˡ
ŲᳫС塣
ǻǳǩ
лһֱںɽּʿ̫飬һ飬ɫ褵Ķˡ
ϲҪѾһס
лߵԱߣѺõЦһ¡
褵ɫڵòٺڣ߹ȥץϪԱϡ
ϪּУҪʲôҲ˵˱

ԼĪʮӺ󣬴ʰԼʹ̵лرϪ˳ȥ
׵ϪС²ۣҪ˵һŵƱġ
лЦôе²۵ģ
˵˵ѺơϪ˵ʦ֪ͨʱ䰲û
š
δٹȵĵÿճ硢ȥãٷṩϿʱ䣬ⲻʱΡ
ŵĵ꣬ﵽ󣬾Ҫɽڴ֮ǰôɽﰲѧϰ
лȥʲôʱܹȥ̽˼λʦָǰס˾Ͳˡ
һһȥԷϪ˵ҲһϿΰɣϿҿ϶һġ
С
л˼еƮӦϪͽ˴򷢻ˡ֮лתһȦûֹʦֵӰ
ʱϿʱ䣬û˵ģΧҰֲлصע⡣
һԹҰˣ֪֣ζľΪɺҰ˺Ѱȴкܶࡣ
Ӧ¶ӦˮԵʡ
޶ѴҶӵ֦׼ԼˣصȴѾʼˡ
лУؿ褸Ѩӿڡ褸ٶȰĳɣһ졣
лذѲ˶Ŵˮϴˡ
ѧһûʲô뷨̬Ƚƽ͡ΪԼģֻԼȡᡸ塹ǺһŲ֪ûҪѧ褸Ͻȡ
Ұϴմˮ飬ȥۡлؽгɳȺʵСΣηŽϴɾС̳ݺãһһϴΡ
̳ڣŵ¡
ɾֱ֣˿б̫׼ȥóԷ
˭һת벻ˡ
ţлһѧЩӵӹ񣬡šʦ棿
ŵӺ
ôнƽȻЦ˵һ䣬лظոշµ̳ϣȴЩӣʲô֣
лء
лƽȻ΢ɲضһ£˵Ƶ㲻
šлصͷ˫ĿֱƽȻ
֪ΪʲôᾪţҲ㲻ơ£
ǵʱҪѸµĲ˰ߣ˼ͦϲġ
ûʲôǴ£㲻ýšƽȻ߽ƵЦЦһԺ㵽һˣҸ㿴ʲôԭµĵ㲻ǵô𣿡
õģǵõġл˵
ţˣ
ƽȻȻȥƮݵһ
л졣
˰
ʸôɽ̽ˣ
褴߳üųлء
лػع˵Ϲû
ڿʲô
ϦлָһҮչ⡹˵ͦģˮɨһɨ
褣
úû츳ӹ׵ķ˶˵ӱǻＷһߡŴˡ
лЦ㲻Ҫٹ𣿡
褽Ųһ٣ֻû뿪ٶȸˡ
л˵
ҮչǶЧӦ


13 
лԭضվ˰ӣϪͱıعˡ
ڳԷǺܻԡ褾ȻѾˡ¸е𾪡
Ҫϰٹ𣿡Ϫɻ󣬡ôô
лûסЦ⻰ǧȥ硣
Ϊʲô
𣿡лؿ˴û͸ҩܻ࣬һ顣
Ϊʲô
Ϫܱߡ
ߵȥ褣֪褵ĺõܵܡ
ȼ֧ϵӣֻǴû÷ǾͲҪκɡǿ̽Ϫ֪
Żʹлһˡ
ͿźܷʢĲһʢһ˸ӵľʲͺɫζȫ֪ΪʲôԷʦֵܿŶʹӡ
ŹĳĬڿԷʮ¶˵ȡʳԷ˷һǡ
ô£
֪
ȥϪҧſӣлҧ䣬ҿǰӵˡ
лػȥĻ˻˵Լȥɽ䣬Ϥ»
У
ҪϿΣ⻰ϪҲûɣŲͺоˡлرٳ극Ѳͺзŵͳһ뿪˷á

ҹɽôϥߵҰݴ졣
ɽϴʲô·ĵԴӦܣ߹ͻǵƲ𣬵װ˸ݣΪڸ߸ߵʯϣлؿ˰Ҳûʲô
վɽϵһóȥĶУŲע⵽ȥ򣬱ˡ
ȥʱƽȻվڵſڣͷ֪ڿЩʲôлؿգһƬʲôûĬĬ߹ȥ
ƽȻûͷˡ
š

ƽȻǳյĴĶԶ򿪣ֵĵڲͻȻһŵƼ˳Žչ͵ڲĵƼϷҡҷ
ÿһյǣһˡ
뵽˴лͻȻ;ƽƽĳׯ
⣿
лصͷƽȻֿڡšһ
ǰ㹦ѧͬѧȥݷʱûټƵĵط
Ȼûô𣬰ڵĶǷ񣬲ӾЧϲࡣ
㵭òսŵķˡƽȻߵŵµӵĵƼǰתлأ̾˿治֪Ǻǻ
ʲôǺǻģ
лزףΪҵӱȽϴ󣿡
ţ
ϵ˶ô˵ûʲôоȷʵٱŵ
иˣҲƢԡƽȻЦЦɫȻû˵ָֻ̧֣ҡ
лذѴѪָȥ
ƽȻȡѪÿһķƣµ͵һȼ
üתͷлأȡѪʱʲôо
ûʲôо
ۣ
ۡл룬һ䣬;ʲôȥˡ
֪šƽȻ룬ָ󡣡
лذݹȥƽȻ˫ָϣܿ죬͸оһȵӿž߹ĸ첲壬ֱȫתصϡ
죿
лһĵҪΪⱻŸϳȥ֮Ҳ·Լˡ
ͨӴȴǿյġƽȻ֣ϵıŹˣʮꣿ

ʵʵӣҽʮˡ
л治ɫһͷӦǣ֮мңʮ꣬ǰ̫ࡣ
ƽȻЩпνʵһ/塢ؿḶ́Գ忪ѨȻȻͨѨѿ
л̽ӵǸţ
ƽȻʹŹ֡
ƽȻ
лأ
лһȣ˵
Ҫע/壬ƽȻͣһ²˼·ܳܵסоۼĴ⣬⣬ͨŻδʺ㣬ǽԣԵȥһֵص˵һġ
лزʲôƣæлšʦ档
˵䣬ոʱûиƽȻƽȻҲûᡣ
߶ĤˣǴкҲ̫ûò
лԼһ⣬Եع˹ʦ棬ҡ
ŶԣˣȻƵ㲻Ǿҿ̵ģֵһʱҲ֪¡ƽȻӻĴָָڴССӵݸлأҲˡ
лʦ棬лؽӹٴιлҡ
⣿ƽȻнӣЦʲôżݲ˲޵츳οȴϵʣôҲ˵츳ƽƽҲϳȥġ
лأ
üһŻ
Ӱ̰
ǣʡлε򴽣ǰЩʦˣʦ˵źȥ̽͵ܵܲ٣Ҿʣʲôʱɽһˣ
ƽȻһ
΢ҽ˵ȥ̽
лصͷ
ڣֻһյյҡҷƽȻı鿴мֹ졣
лͷȻӿЩԤУСʣұ˻ʦ̫鷳ȥѰ͵ܵܣͬܵһԺģʦ˵ȰһȰʲô𣿡
ƽȻ˺һȻ̾һЩ꣬Ҷװ
ŲֹɽֻҪߵóȥǡ³֡ڻɽ֮ϣʱŵƷԵͨɽ֣ʱ򡭡Цյúܣɽ֮ǰ޷㡭һԸɽ״ӣ߸Ʒ壬ҪңҴӲŵɽ
лأ
ȻҲԵӼɽʱߡƽȻ΢Ц
л˵
Ѿƭˣɱˣǣ
¸Ǵ/ˣǣ


14 
Ӯˡ
ɽǴգǽڲܽ
ӵⲻǣ
л鲻ѣۻصᣬһӰͻȻӭſڣлأڻˣ
̧һϪ
Ϫôͷɥģ
ûʲôѡ
ﻹץס𣿡Ϫæʡ
Ѿ֪˭ˡǴ򲻹
Ϫû΢Ϸؿڵץסͺã´Ӧ˵Ҷûæ
л죺´һ
ԼǸˣξͲϪ˭ˡ
϶£پҲ޷лε룬ŬΪ״ӡ
ʱһԼʦ˵ɽˣ˼Ƿƽһȥ׺ޡ
лش׺ͽÿջָŵӵĽѡ
лض˶񣬲⣺㲻ȥϢôôˣ
ʲôû˵ϪҲɥˣλ˵Ҿ֪ˡʲôܰ˹ֽŵġ
Ǽ֧ģлʡ
ǰ
㲻˵֧ƴӵģл˵꣬һͷƳһۡ
ŵỹ˵Ĵмκͻռ䡣ʱҹǴӰӰӰ´µֳ
Ϫſȥ۾԰
Ťͷ˵лأӺʹ˵꡸⡹ȥһͷ
һ㣡ң
۾ţüȴ͵һ
ˡ

лûȤ͵ֵܶˡ项趹Ƶˢȥϴʱ仹û˲࣬ЩͲ˵ˡ
ϴصᣬϪѾ뿪Ҳ֪ûгɹ
褻ڴл룬Ҳϡ
ǰڿջʱϰҪÿһΡлرԺлû˼Щһʧٵ¡
ƽȻһΡ

ʵ֤ܶ²лԾеģڵûþʧˣյôҲ㲻ơ
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ԴԽԺлһ˯𡣴˼ûлķţҲûβִҵɵȾõúܣʮ˯һܸߡ
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ǰݣһģһĺзԼڡ


15 
ǵԤûдлȷֲֻ˵ֱַͣͣ͡ҿζģһӡζ
ܳԣֲȫܳԡ
ϹʱϪҲûһʼ˷ܣλŵʦһʹߣ˻ܲܶһ㣿ҾǸͦ·ġ
Слعȥ̳ӡ
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ڵǲǿȥЩв˵ʱл˾䣬ʦ
ܶҪǮǸͷ˯òȥ˸βȸĸͷһٿƷʯϪȻ˵
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ܸģҪʲôʦ˵ֲ߲ܣǹۣܹͯ鲻Լʦֵܡ
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գ
գҲǲԡ


16 
ͷڳܣʮּҡ
˵ãΪħģһţҲûºˣֲˣǿʲô¶
ʲôˣ֪ĻΪɱء
űأչؾ֪ĻǷˣħ㳲Ļ᲻㣡
취µʲôã
ʲô취ô˵ȴһõİ취û˵أǿ˭֪Ҫǿħô׷סô

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󲿷˵ע˵˵ϣʿ󣬿ʵʩ˵šô𣿡
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л˵
ţһΪװƺŬɣ

⼸¶࣬Ҫո죬ӻûҾи


17 
ԸжһֱƽȻĲ
һԼԵʣҲΪھǸƯĻӣϴټҵණȴѾˡ
ܶжʲôϹؾʱųЩԴҲݶղ
Ҫ֪Ӳʮ˶Ѱ
֮ʲôӣ
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ȻȥҪʱʦ
СʦûйʦԺҪٴ϶ɽ簦̾ˣ

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ΪǡµһšϪرίؿһۣ·ڹ飬˵⼸һֱͷʱԽȥ˵Ƕŵϵˣ϶԰ɣ
ָһȥ
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ظ磬㲻ϪأԱ׳ţ㲻ǸôĴڡ
ݡ
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18 
λǡλ¬˵ظ粻֪ÿ궼ҪѰʾ¡˵ҵľǡλ
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19 
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20 
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뵽Ǹٲڵĵطȥ
лŷ۵ĽվͷֻۣһƬͺͺɽ£ȿͨҲûϪ˵ټ
ɽһҲ޷ԭ·ȥºԼҪȷķС
ǼȻزȥ½ͶңԶٲҪҪȥ
лûԥ̫þ˾ǹɡȥٲһͷֵǿͻأʲôٻ
ԭǸֱˣѧԽˡ
ʱһ䡣
ͺմԽʱĳһ̸طޣһ
ΪԼصԼĵطüʯͷϻ˸Ǻţɽǰߡ
˵Ҳ֣طû˼ɽȴһЩɹ£Ҫ·ҲһС·ࡣһǺţһ߳ٲƶ֪㡣
ɽżУ䡣
лû緹һζûţҵعĹժӳԡǹζƻĻ壬һҧȥḻ֭ˮ˿ǻ
ǰ䴫ԣ˵ڽǡɽءνġءʵˮõ˼ˮӪḻԣֲ͸Ҳóԡ
ԼһȻˡ
лʵеֲΪʲôɽôóԵĶˣǼ͡ṩͣʳɽأɽġ
ôһ˵Ҳûʲôġ
֮ǰסԶͤҩҹģЩҩһֻһãƺҩֲԵĹϵ
Ϊʲôֵʳأ
лĬĬ룬øÿյͶٷḻЩ
ܲΪձٹȲôɵİɡ
Ҳ˵ϾµӶҪƭĿӵţɳºҲ⡣
ɽع㣬ǵᣬһݴСԺӣԺӺԺӳƬŵӲõÿ춼Ҫȱʱ
лĥţԼԺӽ￪һСֵˣ񵱳ڿջϽһ
Ŀ򼸸ɲӣ˼ƷõĹӽȥһ·һ·ժ·¼ˮͲ˾ѡƷõװȥܿװһ
֪ߵٲܽĵطˮʼлؿ˿ʣµ·̣¶ӡ
ˮǲ̫Ҫô͡
̧ͷϷɹ񣬽ŲĹľϡ
ֻӳ԰ɡ

ҵʱ򣬿ľһ
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Ƥ΢΢ƣƮԶ
һ̯ڵϣʱʱۡ
Ƴһۣƶϣƶлͣסû
лȷʦ֣㣿˶٣¶ȵı飬ⲻͷϻûˣ
˺һƣɫϻಽظڰ󣬵۵׵ȷзŵķ
ԣŵͷϻһۣüȥ
ϻǰ֫ſأ﷢ء޹
Ҳ衣üûꣿ
лһ߿ţЩ棺˵Ұôö˻
˼飬Ͷ༸ԡ
лػȻԭ⻢ط飬ǾͲˡ
һ·˲ͷûǰеӣټϸϻҲ
ϻСűſʵлеԱһ飬Сܹȥ
ϻ߶£޶˰ѻͷ
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꾲ؿֱлؿʼԼǲʴ˻ſڣҷŵӣʦ֡
лգգۣ֪ˡǴŵѡġŵӲҲʦ𣿡
ŵӣҲš괹ҡˡɽˡ
˺ɽʲôһ
ŵĴžɽϣ鲻һ·лŻȥ־ܲһ·ڡ³֡ڣʹɽͷ
ŵӲҲҪɽô
ǲʦֵĻҪôƺأл´ǰ
˵̤;ĶǰôϳɵСǰĹֵֹġ
걾˴Ҳù֣ĬƬ̣֡
лرʾϴ
һ̧֣и֦֪˹Զġ֦ڵд֡
¡
дģúܽдƮݣ·дġ
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Ҳǳ졣
лؾȵҲϲλܵ
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ûٹʲôҵ֡

ǺΪɷħһʣŴжɥʧǡ˵¿ǻһۣǸձͱҷ֣¾;Ȳˡ
ת̫죬л²ŷӦǡұĲǼ
ҿͬµĮ޲ûи߹֣֮ǶѡǣֻΪ
Ҳ˵лǼûĲ˼ֵ绢
Ϊô˵лػһ˿ѿû뵽Էֻº͵ЦЦ˵ȷʵսҲû˾ͱȻ߹ֻˣԻ˽ģߵѱ壬Ҷ˵ġҸý绹С
֡
ðɣ£лʣǼû°ɣ
Լȥ꿴һۣƳ޹ϻҲûȥˡ

ԣл¶Ϊѵı飬ͷϻҲûءצӰŵ治ȥ
û㡣³˵꣬Ťͷлأǲͷϻȥʲô⣿
ҡлĪ̫ͷָָٲȥǱ߿
Ǵ˷ľͷѰ߶öԭ̤޷뿴ʲô
лգգۣûģ
㱻Ͽɡ
ǣлֿٲһۣҾѾܽ˰
²̧ۡ
ԹɽͲ֮ͽʲô޷ǹõĴ
˵ʲô֪ߵغŵӣȴȻ֣˴ٲܽ
ֱµˮңԶ
Щŵأ½Ͷлأ䵽˶Էϡ
ٲûȥмٲľֻһˡ
ô
񣬵е
ٿ߬ȭͷƫͷҵؿǿѹȴѹֲסľ
лز֪Լ˵ʲôû°ɣ
ûܻش
һ죬ۡ³һѪ
л˵
vʱǰлλͿڷԡ
岻ã֮ǰдոԼ̬дˣȥ°Ъ˺ܾòŻ
ⱾĻǰԼԤһÿĵļڡмӸ㣬֮ԭһ
Ϊ˳õдģл⡣


21 
лǸϰչ˱˵, һӦǹȥ
ȴƿСʵڷǳһͷŶܱ˿
ǰڹ¶Ժʱ, ʱʱĺӡĺӼûûֵس, ҲܻһЩ, һ֪ŽԼ׳ɳĺµ֮ìܣ˾ͻùԡ
ԸˣлؾḻֵܿذοԼ˵ô˼û÷Ҵߡ
վһľţȷϣˣˣԼ֪Լ岻𣿡
ûС岻á
², üͷ, ѹֵĿʱʱ
һڷ޽, ͷɫγĶԱ, лŷ֣СĴɫһֱǵģʱ, ɫѪܻӰƤ͸ۼ, ôһģ
лĵ
ͬʱеǳʱԷɱ޵Ĺ⻷̫ǿЩϸڡ
ŻС, ϵȥ
лһ߳ԼäϹ, һߴӻͳݹȥǸɾ, Ұ
Ҫ˵üͷһ, ȻȳһѪ֮, ͻȻһ, лط˿ң̧ͷʶԴԴϵسµӿȥķĳ⡣
Է԰׵ɫһһػָ
䣬
лغʲôȴִðűһ䣺
ѵ㡭ȿȣô¿˳ڷָһ񣬡Ҿ˷Ȼȡʿܣѵ㲻᣿
ʵ
лѵþò˼ڨڨһûء
šüдŲ⣺ŵĽѧʲôʱˣ
ⲻŽʦĴҪҵ⡣лؾԼǵ˵Ļ˵ʽҲûȥܶ졣
ѧᡸ塹ѧֻҪܳɹѧ죬һڵСʿˡ
лƫƫ첻ôŬܻĪʧ
죬һֱûǰһʵΣʦȥһ󣬿ϧϲˡл̾˿ҸշھʱڶһûܹŽʦģҪֻܹ⡭Ĵ
˸ɣû뵽·Ӧȴͦ󣺡
ǰʱģӦòŪлزľ˵޲𣿡
ǡ
ƺ鸴ӣһż˵ѳʿȴ޲ɣķʵǼ°빦¡Թʿȣÿһǵܡ
ؼڡƽ⡹ֵ֡˵޷£ȻھŨйأҿ㲻Խʿӡ
ʿ֮󣬵ڻһŽŵ·תɰٴҲ㹻ǿȡ
ʱʿ̵صÿʱȥȡҲὫ嵱ѡΪصһ֣ʱʱ̴̿ضÿһ㣬γɡˮ̶Ч
лػȻѹʦȥ¥顭
ţ¶һ٣ӵĹСأ
ΪҵƳ˵⣬ʦ˳ָ˼䡣
лؿһСϳɵģöԷҲӣɴཫһϰ˵ʿıò´νֿ̱ǰȻ𣿡
Сų󣬳Լᣬʿ20-30ҵòСС;ܳɹԸ⻻һŴʿʵڷëǡ
Էֲúʦ֡лɴСԴ
Ȼڣ䵽ϵĶȴġлȥ´ѪֽۣһۣĨȥ߳亹
˽סˡ
٣Ҳûð˽һֻõȡ
ֱлص뿪һұ䲻ˡ
лû壺ʲô
ұ䲻ˣµˣһֱ⸱ģٱ䲻ˡ
лգգۡ
Բ𰡣ϿҵǸҲ֪
޷±ܿߣͻȻһԭҡһ䣬ñŤȥٲȥԣŽ֮һѰӲþ
һûԷл޹ؿǱһԣѾе˵Ŀӡ
ٲǴ˷ԴͷΪԣ֮ʱѲɿǱϿɣȴĻϧ޾¿˹ζȴԸԷ
Ǹ֣һٲԶûšҵȻԸԷлسٲһֻۣǾںҡҲûĺȥ
¿ܾãõлͶ˺ˣҲȥˣҳ극͸뿪òãҺò׿õӣþûζˡ
ȴͻȻлرֳ˼ԣ԰ɣȥ
лأ
ȷ϶ԷǿЦлȻвӡĬӿʼС¾ڲԶ˿ʯ£ǻſűߡ
һһֻ۾лء
лرûþԥʵٹҪҪҲ㣿
ٹˡ
Ŷǡ
Ƥ볢
лأ
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˵ϵĶèиϻӦҲèһ֣ɹӱӦҲϻʳ
ܳԡ¾Ȼش䡣
лءŶһҲȸϻӲһֱַ㲻ʣʲôˣлغܿ꣬ϵĶʰ
Ȼ˻ġվĬĬһʱȻѯʣʱοǱ飿
ţлҡͷûУдġҪõĲϡһʱղ룬ֻмζʧ⣬Ҹֻǰѹ֭ĨˡʵҾõһϵĻθãϧû꣬ЦˣҲ֪Ȿҿڽ˲ңûʲô˿ӡ
֪дġ
ĿǱ飬ʳ֮ҩģһӦöڲȤĻһҡ˵С಻꾡֮ڴ֮ơǱоҲܸ˵ġ
л̡ܽ
¶Ķͦ࣬Ҳ˽ܸл֪¡лز²ĸƧͷƷƢƧ״ӣʵڡ³֡ȥ磬ٵǸڡ
ʿ٣֪ԷǸһСͷлȴ̲סɵܵܡ
Ҫȥٲлصܲȥ֪ɣֻ˫·
˵߹ҲٲĿ֮һٲԸ˿ǰе·Զ߲ͷ
Ҳѹ³л˵ܿٲʱû档
лغٲʲô
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㶼ûȥлؾȷǳ㲻Ǵ˵ؿô
Ͽɡ֪뵽ʲôµĿĮٲϡЦ˵ҲΪңߵҲõˡ

ҡջߣ˵ٲ
лأ
лؿı飺붫ģҲž͵أ
ԥĻᣬץԷͳǰߣ˵浽Ҳںңֲȥ
΢һɽ½ӡ
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ǧٲ֮ʲôأ
⡣
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ҹȥˡûͼǰߣܸоصĿܺѹΧھܾҵĿ
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Ըӭ㣬·ġ
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лˮĺȻһ״ġˮ̶θܹлߵԲȥ
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лأŶ
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ȴͻȻջ˽ţҾͷˡ
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һˮԳԣ֮ĹССһɹһ챥ǡƽʳ֮УΪŨĹ
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дһʳоǰóԹٺöеζָжɣ
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ȻֶﻹֹһãȻý׳Ļḽֿ
ŽصĹ
ֲֲڶΣ
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ȥ츣ɱǸ۵ԲҪˡ
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ⶫҪڣ˹ȥϵĲһڻȥҪϣɱЩʳҪá
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ˡ
ʳִŵܲȶȵ˸ӡ
н˳ȥɡ
лػھȰ׹ԱһСƬ಻۵ӲݾȻǴġݡͼһڵĽƵǰʱøˣ⣿Ľҡ
ʿֽţʿ棬˵õģ
˸߸Ŀ޷˵ʿµġԽݡлغ𾪡
ⲻҵĽȴ̫ںϳǰִƫõģܶطƵװƷ㾹ûô
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ǡлл㡣лͷصسЦһ£֣صлл㡣
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л˵
һ
л֧֣

þͼԴһΣ߹Ϳ̸ֱܻ˳ɹɫݣдⱾûȤдƪҲõ=A=


22 
ڷмҲ, л֪ԭ档
Ϊٻ̫ࡣ
ľһˣ˵˱ʺƹɽ֣ᵽջھסΪھ, лظԷ, , ĳĳĳһ죬֪һӱڼС
ºһֱһ˵˵Ǵ˸߼˼ٵݣܺ׷ɱġ
ٲ֪лضԹӡ̡
ݳþ·洦ɼӲݣûⷽרҵļ֪ʶ, ʹʿҲһܷ, ƫƫֺ, ϼٻ, Ҫһġ·ӡ
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Ǹ˵СֻҪʮͱȻͻƵ浤ҩ
,ӲݡͲӲ, ǰ׻ʯǮ
Ҳ˼꿴ǿ׳, ׹һ˳
䡪ž
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Ҳ𣿡лЩɻΪֻһ
ϾֻǸСӣƺûҪƷһ
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лһʼû֮󣬶ٿһ١
̧ͷôģ
Ҫ㣬ºӣô
лأ
ô֪޹ĺ𣡲Ҫֿ˵

лʹ˼ʹϸһĥԼƺʲôȦ
տʼΪϪʧɢˣ˼Ҹûܽ
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ҽˡһһģл˵𣿡
Բ̡
ڶֻ̤ԲԺ󣬱ʶ
ɽˮһͬʧӨ׵Բ̱Ϊ֮ɫԲΪģ֮ɫӿܿ綼ֻʣһɫ
лػͷһºϻˣΨһȷ֧㣬ֻʣµԲ̡ûǰ··֮У֣ǳġ
ǰһ

졣
˵

ʦĶ𣿡
ΪʦôƽôģҲҪʣ
ʦҷ¡ġʦģҾáĵĽҲǿԵô
ΪʦΪʦΪԵ£ҪΪԵ£޵޵޵ǸԼĵҺʱͬôʦͽ֮˾ô
˰˰˻Цȱģ
ɣΪʦֲֹһͽ
СƨûҺðʦȻԶ룬Ҳ̫ˣħҲǻ˰

лػҡһҡعʱԼվڰߣƴδȥǸԲ̡
վһԾ
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ҡҡͷ
ҡ
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Ӧٲġʵ㿴ʲô
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ʵŪлֻðָ鵽ġ
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СǸ費ء
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ȥлؿȥĶˡ
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лؿֻʮҵòʶȤر졣
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ţɽĻǵȷʵ⡣
лʶԼϵӡ
㻹ǵǸ˳ʲô𣿡
ǵõġ
лصͷҪڣкȻµҪ˵
л΢΢Բ۾
ġܡƽȻȴԶı鷭ˡǲáǼСӲŹȴģȻһҲûܼ˵ӡ
ƽȻЩʧҲã˶񣬽еݹȥǵҲû£ƽͺãѶܵ㡣ûʲôŰɣͷԶͤҩյȥˣ·
лګګӹ֮
ƽȻ֪ЦЦӻ˵߰ɡ
лֻ뿪һƵŵǸ
°٣ֻһСҪþܾ

صƮˡĿλϣûˣлһ´Ķɾ·׼Ͽεص㿴ܲܲһʱ䡣
һţԺƱƼˡ
ظ磡û£ϪȽ˹Խʦյ˵ҵˣ㲻֪ǶϿˣ
ǰظ磬̶ˣ¬Žе
ɱ£޷˼ЦЦû뵽󷨣Ϊԭʧˡ
û¡лشۿϪĶˣô˺㣿
ǲûôϪٺ١ЦֲԺȥóԵķ
лػȻŶԭҲûôٻܳԵ·
¬𣺡ظ粻ǳ˵Ǹ֡ô
ǰûǲǣ
ԺúȺ˯ãӶ彡Ļ㴩Խ磬лȻĿѧ۷ΪԾգ䣬Ϫ֣ҰɣԷŵˮţѾʱˣҲóԣɡ
ҲôֻԹл˵ĺ󣬽СԺ
ܵġ
ˣлҲִžˡһ⼸ûõĿղ̳˲׵ˮȫļ˽ȥȡͰ壬ϴɱȥȥ࣬ؽĨһ飬ֱĨͨ巢ףһҵ¡
β˰ʱȥˡΪþҪϣͬʱɽصĻˡл߶䣬ϴɾ˵ãԺ￪һСأæɣ
֣ˣ
ˣ
ΪʳӣָĴģʱͰѵؿ˳Ӻڻֲꡣ

ҹ
ʱ³¡
ʮס֪֮˸ȥȴߵǰһݳָŰĬĬʲôǧٴ
ʱŴ򿪣˽ȥ
һŵĵƸ޷ߣĿȷһ·ߵͣ¡
ĿǰһӵƣƽȻԼλƷģ
ŵĵȴһյڿλãǰġ
ߵյǰͣĬĬؿš
֪˶ã̧ͷصǽڣ䵽Զ

ƽȻߵʱоһ
²棬̾˿ȴҲԸӲվڵ׿⣬ͷɫĵ棺ˡ
ʵûо˭ȴһͬشĮˣ֡һ˵
ߺڱչأͻƽȻŹϽʦܣҲûڲعۼôҲ֪
Ҳ˵
ⷨϢ˭
ƽȻҭô죬û
ûܱ̫ãֿܿĵȰ˾䣺ĪҪִԲħôˡҸҲĻڣԸ⿴⸱ӣ
ħ˵ͿɲҲͲħˡ
⻰ϻ
µõԼҪĽյ͵ƷŻԭλת¥
ĵѾˡ

ƽȻҹеȴãҲûܵȵǸٴλӦ̧ȥȴ谭֪ʱʧˡ
ǰʮ·δ
л˵

һ֣ϣ


23 
뿪, תͷȥ
ţĵԶΪŵӣճ, ᱻֵŸֵ, һ㶼Ǿͽס, ڸƷ״Ӿ͸ˣߵһֻŵڡ
¼ûʶţ˵ʱֱҵлصСԺ
߽ȥȴԺлˡ
ȥ𣿺ˡ
ٵȵȣһͷѿأ
ظ綼˯ˡǣѿǽҲԲϰ

, һŮ, ԺС˵
ϳСԺµֲа׹Ⱥ, ƺбʲô, ʶܸоһ˿΢ȴֱ治֡
ˣһ, һ˯, ŵǸ΢ƣ硭, ͻƵ첻̫Զ
Ӧòлء
ֻҪ, Բκ˷, վӰķ紵ݶ
СԺϸ΢仯ʶΧڡ
ֱԺе໥뿪, ʣµǸҲ˯, ŴӰ߳, ط
лصĴڿλã¹ǵıϡ
ͷ飬ǱʳоϡСƪӣлذʱȥ
ȥŵ
ǴЩͦ
ĿƵлϣؿ˺һ
һ˯ŵܻԵð޺лرͲǷâ¶ˡ¿˺һǾò
Ҳȷʵ

һ޴ţŻڱǸ˵Ӱӡ
ջߣĬĬڴͷֽת뿪

һлеƣͣټͷһֵصĲ˷ܣԼڼСԺ󷢳ɫлƣӦΪ˶УЪˡ
˭һִͷֽ
һŻżһªĵͼһŵͱȽ϶ˣлؿãܿŻƷ
һͷ褣ܿͱƷˡ
ֶֽǸʿѧŻʣúõȴ࣬ҪȻҲר޴˵ʿˡ褻ǰĳѧģѧղûôҲûôӡ
˭
ţҽ壿׺ޣǡ£
лΪֱȽϸߵģҲ⼸ˡ
뵽лѵ褴˻ȴүԺ𣿡
褸׼ȥϴͷҲصϪĻ
лأõģлл
˯ñûĻӦǹܿ˵ġ
°ɡ
ǸԱնͯл벻˭ôͷ¶βġ
ǡ
лΪʲô쵱治˵ҪͶ
ͼϻĵطĶ
ͼªִлؿ˰ûףֻܿĵط
ΪԷҹͣǲԸ֪Ҳȥʱˡ
˼ϪǼ֮ǰлذֽ˻
ظʲôöϪ̽ͷ̽ԵģǲǺóԵģ
ôһĹų԰лҡͷߵ¿˿ɵĽȣתͷ˵ɡ
Ү
˵һۣսǳԽ
˶ܸˣΨϪڵǿ㡣
ɡлؾճ£ȥϪеһ
¬Ҳ˵Ҳȥˣҽʱ˵ǱѾ·ˡ
·
ɱЩȣΪ£һͷҰޣڰɡǴ򲻹ѵλʦʦ㻹򲻹
лȴº˵ĻȻҵǲ֡
ظʲôϢ𣿡¬λʦ־ظɣ֪֪ͷҰ޷ԭ򣿡
˵ɷħһʣ˻޻ɥʧǡлػĶԻŶˣ˵ŻŵĵӣֻǸɽˡ˵ǡúʦ֡
ʦֺʲô
˵ú֡
ϪԴչλʦֽʲô
С
лػûڣȱɱһ¡ֳϪ첲ϣʲôأλʦֵ䣬ֱָɣ
лأ
̫ȴϪ˸䣬ɫף¼ˡ
лأ
лأΪʲôҽ֣
ظ硭Ϫؿһۣ˶ӡ¬ȭͷǹ㻹ǵλʦ
ɱ̣С
¬ظĿڣλеô
лգգۣǵðôˣ

ɡǶǵ˰Ϫ˵ʱǱԽʦ˵ʵģ˭Ҳ벻λгʲôӣֻó˸ѣ˵ͻ֢ϢȥˡʦͻȻ
лһü
֪͡ʦʦ˵ʲôʦյţǻˡϪԴʵûеģ
ŶҲ˵Сƨֻ˵ˡҪ˵˶ֱ÷ʹʧġ
ǿǿѵ
Ǹ̹ϡصС
леЦ־ûʲôЦģǾôЦЦضſϪΣֱëŹһЦϪļ磺ˣϿȥҪٵˡ
Ϫ
ǰѻ˵˵İ

Ŀھϣлأûжʲôһ˲ùôҵط
лǰһȥ˲󿴽зţΪ̫Լʵãûܿһģ˻ϷھԣҲûù
һ磬ʹչˣһӷ̡
ûϺõģһǶҪ
лΣֻôһεͷǻصһļӲ̳̳ɱϴС
ûüɰõľͨ㹻ûˮ
֮ǰлػȥԺ˵ȥЧĲҶϴɾһŽȥ
ֻҪŵʣµȫģлذѿĹ˷ܵĲȥµֲ꽽ˮ꣬˲֣¿ġʳо

䲻һণл̧ͷȥͼֻԡˡηɹƺŸˣ̫塣
ǲʦ˰Ϫૡ
ֲǵһʦʦɹ㲻Ҫ͵Ϫɱ̾ʦûϿεʱ򲻾֪ˣ˵Ҫġ
Ϫ¬㿴
¬𣺡Ҿð˵е
Ϫ
лջߣЦЦ顣
･ɢɱӣŤͷظ磬ǲǲˣ
л̧ۣʶʱ䲻ˣҿ
Ϊл˵ʱƵƿǻӰʳζǲҶģֻܵлؿʱԱһζ
㳤Ź֣ζȴ쳣Ǵ򿪣һɻȥȲҶĶƮɢ¬ĶӶʱ
ϳԵ٣翪ʼģʱ˼ͷСĵʣظ磬ȥȡʳ𣿡
ȥɣлػӻ֣˿Żȥȥ
ллظػϪ͵Ͳˣֻܵðѽ緹·
¬ɱлصлҲ
˭ϣ˸ܵſڣ̤Ժʱź̽һСԴϡ
ǵڶԭھУΪ˷ûʳѡ񰤶ϰٹȵͬͬѧ
˶סŲ
Ϊһ˵ָлسʲôöأζƮԶǡ
ڶư죺δŹζҲ̫ˡ
˹Ųӣֵиͬͬһģöзݰɣ
ͷʾ͡
ȥȥȥʲôûԣǲٹ𣿻ȥʲôϪҪȥԺţָˡ
˰ŰסˣϪʱУ̡æ
¬ɱ̻عȥæšʱ⼸ѿԺľһ˴лأл磡кã͵Եİɣ
лأ
εذѹбŸڹϣߵſڿ˿ǡˣ
˵ͷ
ûˣ
ûˡ
л̾˿
ֻ㣬һץģⲻָܷ࣬ǡ
䣬ңϲüҡ
һ˷һСлֵԵĻ͸һȥôȻԲ
˶ʱˣȴ̫⡣Ϫ죺ظ磡
ˣͬʦֵܣһӵˮ¶лȥ򷹰ɡǼ´ԣһ׼ʳľˡ
ͬ
һ˿ĵ˵лأ˿ð
ʲôлأظ磡¬˻ϤһƺڶԷϣǵʳĸ
˵ͷӦǣתͷʹ󺰣ллظ磡
лأ
лĺۣ˻֣ȥ򷹰ɡ

ֻΣֻȥȵĲҶζԭ֭ԭζɽϪ̳ļʷ಻٣ʺЩŵСӡȣлءϪ¬ɱһһֻȹߣḻĽգлطָɱ̣ȥһŮӷʣµ˸ֵһСùݷԡ
ɽԡΪ׼ʳPUAʮӵܺʱζһԵöͷðۺᡣ
һ¶ǣлصĿѳ˸жмԷθظ磡ԺǵĴ磡
лأҲˡ
̫ˡ
ˣҲдһԱĶһæлָڣ˵˰ѹϴˣϴɾԺͻطõͻȥ׼Ͽΰɡ
˺ڣ̷ͷжʰӣ˵׼ȥϴ롣һ˵ظ磬ܹҪˣȥ֡
лһ㶣ţ
Ӧǰ뿪˵ֻҪԸ֧Щ·ʣкĵʦʦǴŸ˺Ц缸Ŷ׼ˣȥ
лأţ
԰ɽб˰
ٿԱƽɣ
л۾ʱ;ҪдһŸ˼
ӦûЩʯ˵֪֧·ʵģҪڳԡ
뵽˴Ͽε¶ˡûպϿʱ׺޹Ȼˡ
˵ĳݲͬ׺ޣлؾͷ·𿴼˼Ϣòװ׺һһָ꣬ߵԱߣлʵʦʦҵǻô
ҵӡûзӦһ·ӦδΣա
˵Ҳ֣׺˵ǺϢıȴɡлһûɣϢ˵
ûΣգ㡭ɾ˵ˡ
лأ
лأΪʲô
ö˶˵شţʲôвõ
л˵
һ
ظ裡


24 
׺̾˿
˵, еһѾ
ŵĴװ˸СıƣԾͨ泩ָλѩʩֽһ, һ˿˵Ӷ, ʮֲС
˭ϷǸС۵, ʲ˵ɽɴдһŽ׺޴мȫв˵֪ųβҪǰлŵ氮ġͽ, Ȼ
׺һӸ, ȴò, ƽȻ, Ȼӡ
֪Ƕ龳Բһֱ龳ڵ˼,ƽȻԼ״ͽܽ,Ҳһź޵껹ǱأӶ
׺һ߰Լʦһߺ棺Сʦ뾿ǸʲôͷҲܹΪɾ͡
ʲôͷƽȻû,лСӳҤǻ
׺ޣ
׺ࡣ
һʵ̫˽, Ҳ֪СʦͷλʦǰǸͷĹϵ
㡭꼰ĳ㣿
ǸлСӲ㡣˵˵ʲô£޾Ϣ뱻ʦܴ, һ˵鷳ƽȻһߣ, ҾͲܴ, ǲ˵Ҫȥӽεģ
š
л, һ䡣˵С³֡ţɽķֹһ֣Լͷźá
ǣӼˡ

ʦǱ˵лǰ׺ֺѿڡ
֪ҪôԼװƵΪϾǼŭ޵Ҫԭ
ȥҲֻͷȥβؿڣŻ鷳ģŲκһӵģԼҲҪעⰲȫ
леĪôǳ𡭡Ҳɽ
׺޴۾ֱšɽõġ
ʲô˼лüʦ˵֮⣬ɽҪǸǽڲɽ⡹Ļɽô
ԣû
໥ӡ
лĪǻʲôŵܴܲɽ
׺˿̫ˣ֪Ҫɽʵġ
л˺һʣܲܡɽʱŻ鷳ɣ
ҲҴƱ׺һѾǵţǵСʦ壬Ŷǿеʦ棬ΪһЩڣѾ໥˼ˣԡ
лأ
ˣҲ̫С˰ɣ
һ룬ʵҲ
лŬ΢ЦõʦҼˡ
ţ׺޵ͷΰɣָңҰ㿴
һ٣ȻʦĬĬ˻ˣʦ˵⣬ô𣿡
аÿһĶѰ
ʱӦԵķлؾûҪ߿࣬΢ЦʱûУлʦʦġ
¡

׺޴ϢЩӰ쵽лص飬˼ȥԼǵúú
ΪģֻΪɽʱԱ
Ҳ֪ǲΪ¿ʱлѾܽаˡ
ɫ
л˵ҪȥΣ׼˳·ɽûʲôܳԵĶһȺ˱ĦȭƵظߣ˵Ҫæ
лǰԤ룺˵ãһҵóԵĶ
û£Ľͻȥó
ҷ׷ױʾ⣬лҲûʲô˵ģô·
˷չˣúƺƵѹֵʦһ
ʦּףôǸأ
ҶԵġл˵ʦ֣֮ǰ˵ģ뻻Σˡ
͸㱸ˡûǼǣֱӵ˸С̳ӳȥã˵
ôࣿл㶣öʯ
㣬ʦֵûٳ˵죬ôǮŰɣп͵˹ˡȣǶԵÿ졣
С
лصл̳ת׼ߡ
ͼ۾ʣظ磬ʲô
ˡлصﻹУȥõǳ
Ү
лػĥʲôҪΣڼ򵥿ֱȽ·ζÿ죬ԵҲ졣
õģֻˮ⣬û¹μӹͻ쳴һЩζصʲҶһ·Сˡ
Ҫˡˣ
üһ̳ܵ·ߣĳҶƬر𳤵ֲ￴˺ðΣһҶӷŽ
ظ磡ĸ֮һеҳӲĲô
û£ǰʦΪˣ˵⣬ԳЩʳ¡лؽ˽ȷ￴ҶָȥΡ
ŸһȳһСƬܿͱͺˣ¶صɫлغ֪طΪûµģ࣬СǻصԼԺӡ
סԺӽʮˣʵӵúܡлذһ˸ϵԺ棬Լڵ
ҹҰ壬Ⱥϲòˣժġ
಻Եֲлȷһߣʱֱ棬ȽеҶӽŶȥϴͽһŶ飬ҲϪˣֵյȥ
ǰһأҲᳵ·лԼ򽫸ûķеˮϴɾĲҶûкãһµȵð̵Ĵ󳴹
ৡ
͵ǶʱƮɢҶȺɢζʮִ̼ζ١
лؾڵ˷װɫ
Ӳ˵ŮǿˮֱȴЩ
öϵģ̫ˡ
ˣܸ㽴͸ǲǻع
ϧȴԵ͹棬ξͷʮ㡣

ҹˡ
ҹɽԣεĵסɽƻʱʱлظϪһ·չͬ·ص褡
Ϫ۾һе㣡ʦ㣡
褽Ųһ٣ĿϪƵлأƻϪϣһŤͷ
ǳʦͣЦһЦߡ
¬ҡͷʦᰡ
лصͷţȥץ㣬ԡ
Ϫһֺ죺ظ磡


Ŷлתͷʲôˣ
ϪץؽһԶˡ¬ɱЦòУлػҲԶȥˡ
лվԼԺǰһ
ȥȥ
ˣֲʣαҪȶԷ˯š
ӻͳŵͼżһת򣬳һˡ

ŵͼü򵥣ʵˡ
ɽиԸʵļʾ⣬λö׼ȷģмһн·ߣתĵطƾõķУлؽߵķĽ紦
˵͸֮ɽߣߵɽʵֱ߹ȥġ
ֻɽ羹илرе䣬ץǰ󣬸оʧߡ
ɽͦ࣬ʵȫ
ôһȾ²ڿأ
ôһ˵
ӻͳ·Щӵķֽ˿
ⶫǸģ

Ȼ·ŷֽ˼Ӧõİɣ
лذһᣬָɵֽϡ
΢
ǷֽȻ˶ŷֽȻڰл˸СȦԭȼлرһǻȴʵʵɢЩ⡣
ɽ罥ʢȴڷ赸
ֽǰƮһΣлûƮǰ˻Ρ
лأ˼ǣߣ
ֽ»˻Σڵͷ
л΢΢죬ĵ𾪣˷ֽ档
ԭ·бݻá
ΪڷֽԭŨصɽƺɢ˵㣬·ҲôԱˣлز²⣬ոջʲôɽУȴδܲ
ôһ·ǰУֱĳСɽ£һªݡ
ݶéݸǵģǰŴŵ꣬лû߹ȥͣ·ڿ·ƣʶȥķ
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ֽéǰޣȼлؿ˺һҲû˭ڣֻ̨̤̽ס
£𣿡Ӧ
ʲô°֪ǲǲ뱻֪ܿˡ
δ䣬һϤġءĻЩ졣
лһ첽Ƶݺ󣬵ȿΧǽڵľ۾ٿصԲˡ
㣿
Χǽھֻϻ
ϻҲܸˣ໡ؽлţǰ̧𣬰Χǽ
ʵ˵ϻȾܺܿɰô˹ͦ㤵ġлΧǽŲס£æ˰ë޵צӣ˵𼱣ҵ߽
СԺûţֻܴݺ߳лزѽݡ
ûˣ˼ϵıңͷаۣǱ˯л߹ȥģ𴲺ܾãδ˯
мֽһСӡ߹ȥ¹⿴ֽϵ֣ɷּдġ
Ӧ·ţ·Ʒһᣬһ֧īһ飬ֽɣҹһţԿɴߡƷ𶯡
˻ѿ㡣ȡƴ
ûҲûиĻ
˼˵ϻˣлԺԳ
һʱЩЦԷǡ
ܲΪʱ˵ϻûĻɣ
л㶣ϷûЦݡ
Сŵҹ飬͵лسؿ˺һ뵽ǰ¡
ǰǸƯСкƯСкױҲסͥԼĺӳԺ󣬱¼ɣЩʲô̫õ顣
Ĵˣڹ¶ԺķҲЩ
ãҲֻ֣ڹ¶ԺʦһСĻԹ¶Ժͻãڱˣ
Ա˺ѾΪлؿڹϰߣǡͬȵĶԴɡ
ԲŻŲ˼Ϊİۡ
Ǹ׵˻˵ֻŮĶӲҶӡлعʳסУûһлء
ڣһˣ˵Ļؼסˡ
¡
·лأĶѧϰʡīֽɹϰҹǺܺõߡ
ΪŵӵûжȽСЯ
׼ĶǸϸĵˡ
лֽϵּ뵽Է겻̲סЦ
Сƨֱô¡
ء
ˣлӦһҹ飬תȥ˺Ժߣè
ϻȷʵǰһ쿴ͨˣлغ죬Ҳܸһ̶ȵĻӦ֪һڷʲô
ˣ᲻ͣлϲ䡣
Сຢͯ㲻Լжֻлסлʵܲˣȷʵû˺ԼͼצӺͼյúúõģɴɵڵأϻſϡ
ë޵Ļ͸ؿڡ
ôˣҿСˡл²һ䣬²꾹ⲻҪ֡
𶯣ȡءסڣҪңлرƱèƶͷ˵ⶼ˱һݰ
ò״ӻצѣѾմһëҹ˾û˿ƺҲ¹ôҽݣлش
ʱīǳͳˮīĥģлֻҪд֣ûˮĥһˮȻɫȡ˱īϻվãСĵСľд¡֡
ָϻһŴߵǶѶ뿪

´ɽгƷķɽֽ⡣
һһҹʲôûҵ溮˪Ӷȥ
ɽȥɽݡһ߽ݣͷŲһ٣ֱԺȥ
ҹϻſڵϰ۾Ϣû˯ȴɢ
ǰ£תȥһ㣬ҿơ
ϻ໡˲ͷ
ؿڵľ¶¿ݺ㶡
Ƭ̣۵׵Ĺǰȥ
ˣٹҵ֡
֣̫Ǹ˵ģͦ֡
·ľƣϻĶ˵˾Լȥԡ
ء
㿪ǣԼԷˣüûʲôԺϻתݡ
ʿҪ˯ߣȴҪ˯ģʱжһ˪ɵ˴ϡ
ּٿġ
ǣһǡ
Ҳǳ롭ܵûǣ
л˵

1w+


25 
ʦ, ½ɹɻȹ̣
ѾϢ˺ЩӣɽӦû⡣
, Ǻõط
ʦأ˳𣿡
Ҳ֪״, ҵʮ, ٵȵȡɽͷʦչˡ
ͬʦֵܣʦֺαظҿ˵׼ɽŪأ
ÿԵ֡
һʱʦֿɵöһݣýʦ汣㣡
㻹˵, Ƕ˵ʦ汣ӹġ

, չŲϷ, ɽϾͶ˼ӰһʦֵܻС˵, ͷʦѾװѵɽˣͿʼַɽעͶҡƲ¶Ҳй, µ͵, ͵ԼֻǸɢޣ·ǹǱҹƳģ͸λʦܵٱ񡣡
Ȼǧл
ʲô˵һ·
, ʦŶ, ʦжﻹû
ǻֵͦġƽﴩĶͳһɷʽ, Ѱص·˼໥ָͬŵ٩Ц
̳, ҾȱһܡʦֿǵӾЦ,, þͿ㣬һˣǿЦ
£ʲôЦģһֱ׳
һָЦǰݵ˭û
㣬˵ʲô
˴Цͷֶȥ

ظ磬㣡
Ŀһ׼ŵĵӾҴҵклȴõĵطߣͷ̽Ե±ʦֿ
лصһ£Щ棺ôɽʦָǲ𣿡
Ҳǣлعͬѧ˵ָ·ʦ˵ʵʦǹܿʱġ
ΪʲôҪܿ
ǲ֪ܲѣ˵Ҫ˵縻·ÿ궼ˣʲôϵ
ȷʵ˰°·ѱ쾭£лػԼ׼Ĳء
ջӴʿĻʵ࣬ƷʯȥҲ26ţ뵽λʦֳҪ˽׵ʱһƱ
һƱŶ࣬ʵȥʯһܻһٿŵġȥ·ԶЩʯδع
лҲû취ˣܲΪͷⱨƽţѼҵȫͳȥĺãʱȫһĴиʮġ
ЩǮɶһЩ׬ģһ᲻ãҲΪպûµĽʡŵ㻨
Ҫеط׬Ǯͺˡ
ңš
лͻȻ⡣
ԭɽϾ˵ŲûϿġϵĹأȴҲļƵǮ֮˾Դƽʱʱػᵽ㶫ߵǮԽԽٵġ
лĬЩɽʦʦͷԣ
Щ˵ʦ·⣬Щ˻·Դ
šǮ
ϸ룬ƽմʽŸԡסأҩġԶͤİҩлţڵɽ·ѵĻôŶơ
ΪСڲǮԿлԽͿʼᡪô˵һһŵĽﰡ
뵽ʳ˿ڣ˭һ⾹ͬеļ˶ˣع
лأ
ãǶүˣһûĹп֧ġ
ضǷˣ·ʳĵҲˣ빩Ҳõó
¶ȥϪۣϪ˵Ҳӵܣиܺõŵ㣬ǹԣǰġ
ͱǰľסˡ
һ˵˵طȿƵһƬյмŸ̳׼ŵӴſʽһ·վԱߣһ˹̳ǰϵؾ㣺ʦ汣Ҵȥ˳Ūһš
󵱻ʦ汣ӣʦ汣ӣ
£ݸ⻬ֳһա
յСǣ
һʦæˣˣ˶ˣ
ȡϵǸѸٽãûƵĵϲڵĻңеؿߣҪ𣿡
лأ
ͱúÿ졣
ʦֲڣ˶Ĭص·ѸΧȥҪŵĲֹµӣмŴϵӣܶأһʱ佻պг
ΪոյĲгдһ˿ס
ǼܿǸʦִ˻
ֵлأЩذź׼õǮｻȥһ߱Ժһ˵Ժλ·;Ҳ֪ǳɹûСûУҲڸѰסʱǡ
ǲ˵ԺǾڸһңʦܷģʦһ͵ʦֲ֪лصĸ̣úƣǳؼлṩûйСжǮͨΪԼЩ
лʱģ˵棬˽
һű˳ȥлعǸӽԼļţվһԸʦྣʦ֣ò׿ɽһˣǲǺܸ˰
ɽĵӺȻͣסеĶ໥һۡ
аɣϾҪҪޣҲǱزٵġ
Ҳڲˡ
֮أϣɽʱֿܱء
µǣ
Ϊʲôܾãʦǵ˲ɣ
¿˵δ֮գΪǼʦûش
ֱ뿪ҲûŪס

Ⱥҵﲻ£߳һ֮лʲô˳·ǼʦҲԴ˹
һ֮һ֧ʮ˵ɽϪԡ
ɵĸлش಻סӵЬȵˮʵʦĦȭƵҪȺʦʦǰ¶һ֡
ڵúܣлҡҡͷרעش˲
˶󣬻ȥʱ˲ٵ㡣ʱлһ˴ʾһɱ֮󣬾ͽȥԼûйθɾԼƬƬ
Ĳһֺ͵Ҷֲȡģؽзͬľ긴ˡлֲüǣɴͲˡԽͲե󻬵ģлطⶫܳԣá
˺ܶ꣬ϡ棬ǼݵͬͬѧҲãһμʦʦȴǾˡ
֮̾࣬ȻԳޱڴ
Цͻζɱȷö겻ˮˡ
ֲԴأȴ嵭ǲժҶʣ࣬л˯ǰ褳˼䣬ŽݣЩˣһҹȥζȻܲˡ
ճĲ䣬˵ͦõģϧû֭Լֲ׿ػƬϣлسúСġ
Լı׼峴ƬѷɫǼʦȴԵͷ
лʦܣձȷõʦֺöˣ
ǣõʦֶԻձǿлʵʵ˵ֻһЩ
иǫ̃ľ˵ǻʿػֶοɱַɾ
ҿʦ˻ҪƼȥҲ츣ˡ
ʱҲûٹȣǿпڸˡлʦܣɵúúȡ
лεЦЦ
룬¶ûһƲء
ۿ⼸ʦѾ뿪ʼδˣлеԲŲϪϣ¶
ظ¾ҵ£ôϡ͡ءϪԵͷҲ̧˵
лؾͰѷŵŽһ飬ҴŵĹ̶ԴЩ
Ϫˣ˰죺ظ磬ʲô
ȴ
¶ˣûлûȫУɽ׬Ǯʽ̫Ϥ
ҪѧĶ̫ˣѹܴ󰡡
Ϫͷаɣϡ
˵վԷȴлֵȵȣм¡
Ϫ
лأ֪ΪʲôɽǰҪʦ𣿡
Ϫһͷˮأû˵
زҪԱųԷļʦˣЦ˳ǣɽǰм죬֪꿪ʼеӷְʦȽ飬ڴҶȹʦ뿪֮ʦ档
ҿʦϵǹߵġ
ɲǣ˵׼ʦֵԼɽʱҲݹء
л֪ŵСʦ汣ӡͷû뵽ǵԷ㣬׵òᡣ
룬λʦô飬Ǿ͡
ɡ

ͷžҪãлز֪ɽĶһߣֻعƽ
Լĥʲô¾ȥ
һʼûιµݺСèġ
ںܴԼԣҪܣÿҹоͻɴߣè֮á
µ⡣
褱ͶԺֲ˵оƵķңӲȥԷͿʼˡ
ʲ㣬͸üӱŬ
˾Ƿˣ۽硭ǡ
ϪɢôǸڷʳֻӰĽȡ
лرסŲɻͷôܵܵȣΪʲôʱܲ
褣
ǲΰѡлػԴȥˡ
ɫࡣ
˭Ͻ磬仰Ϫһ㶣󻶺ܽݣ㣡Ҿ֪㻹Ǽǹҵģ
ɫˡ
¬Щ棺ôͻȻˣ
ֲܲˣɱ̲²ðɣҪΪʲôѡڣҲûµء
Ϊˮãǰȥ˴룬һЩҲѿ
лûԴ죬ǳš
ޣ
лغʶûϸ˵Ϊƺµӡ
һл֮ǰҪһҲûʲôģֱ˵ˣȥϻˡ
ɱ۾ǡ׷ɱǵǸҰޣ
ţɷѳûǣڡлض˶٣Ҿǳҹȥ
ǣɱԾԾԣȥô
ӿʼͶͷҰ޺ܸȤ
Ҳǣժ¡ͻ͡ɫ۾˭᲻ϲèأ
ûʹ£Сܴܲȥ˵Լ·ûףҪȹ˵
ҹȥݣأ

Ǵ¶飬ͷϵֽ˶
֪Ƿ񷽱㣿
лصϡƽдÿˣмʾͲ̫Ʈݷǳ
¿Ǹʻġֿã°дһŵ
Ҳϲ˶࣬Ǵˣͳʱ

СǺ˵ڶҹлظ̾һ䡣
ԭΪĹƧͯòϤ˵Լû뵽Էˬͬ⡣
մŻĻëصᣬ˻ǰ࣬лղµ֣׼
ɶҹŻصо䳰ȷлسţҹʣµʱ䣬վͳֽͱīŲϵĻϰ
רŸдģȷ˵ᣬÿŵ·Ͳˡ
лɢǸˣԸ⹼ѵģøרע
Ҫһǳɣ±ʵɣһܶϣлһʼûѭãʼͣͲǰ
Ҳ֪ǲǴ
ֻҪҹϰڶȥʱƺЧܻЩ
ټæ͵ȥ飬һֽڳŵ˼·Ľķ״̬ãˮɵؽһ·
ͬʱҲ֣Լƺˡ


26 
лأ
µʱ˶, һͷǣɣʦȻ
Ѿ, ͷһ, 褶˯, һ֪ʱ̣һʿ
ʮֻ꣬Ҫͻƣഺ
һ·ٿ, ŤŤ, 褻Ķɾ, лؾԼͷ, Ҳ˯ţ̿һŷֽ׼һڶš
Ȼʧˡ
лزа, ֳ˵Ρ˭ɬú, ˵꣬ʶ䲻ȥֻη, ȥϴ˰, ϴ˯

˵, ͲڿЩ𣿡
ڿúܣÿѭϡ
ƨ
İʦ, Ҹ˵, 뵽һĺ÷ӡȻľ𡢻𡭡ĵת, °빦һܵõĿɲֹһ֣Ҫ˵
ٷƨⷨ㵱벻˭ܱ֤Լǿʶȣﵽƽ⣿٣㵹ˣϻزɨֵص˵Ѱǰĵã¥ˡûƨ¿͸ϲȥ
֪ͷ顣
͸øҵӣҸ㣬Ϊʦָһ㣬һҪʦˣԺСǰɢӣû
ǰʦܼ˵ʲôʱڱǰɢʦʦĸҵģ
ˮɲ


ظ磬ظ磿
лرѣԺؿһԴһﾫ˫Բ麰ˣأ
лü˺һŷӦ֣ǸΡ
ظǰҹˣɱϸģ˱ˮԹɫˣȻϲϿΡ
šлʣϪأ
ԴӷʹѪˣҪչȥ뼸䡣¬ſڿۣһͱϻ˰ɡ
л˴۾ѱ룬źǷߣȥϴϪŶˣ¹ҵռԼ򵥵㣬ȥ

ɱһ¾˷ˣظ磬Ǽ
һķɣ̣Բࡣ
ϣ
ϪʱлѾˮİ»ָѡǷԻļȻûϴϴ
лط֣ǵҲûãΪӣȻҲҲԼԭˡ
ζԻ͵ٲǰĺӦͬһ˵ļ䡣
ٽ￴
̫٣ˣȥ㿴鶼ѣһֻܿҳġ
ҡҡͷ뷨γԺлش鲢ɣȥϿõľ

裬лⱲͷһô˳ؽйһ졣
붨ͿʦվǰǿʲôȤĶˣ
лصͷ
ǿԽ˰
лأֱ˵ܵס
¾飿ʣ컹һչûУôͻȻˣ
˵Ϊ˸ȥɽ·
Ȼܣ˭֪ţΥʡ
˵ɽɽ˵ñӲǣ
лعǶˡ

üһΪˣװƵĴͳǡ
ɤӣˣ𣬽ĿתΪϰȥύһ½룬쿪ʼһὲĶҪҪҲԵȥϿΡ
˵뿪ˣмԸҲûתͬѧ̴˹ظ磬ʲôöζˡ
üһ
лԭû붨
뻹˵ģ벻˶ãֲ㡣һ˺ٺЦ
ǰЩɹɹҼǵϻ״һڹǲǣл˵Ǹˮܳˣ£Լ򵥵ɡ
ǰһľ˫ͬѧ˵ҲҳڼҲܳ裬Ծû
֪лػԺ͵˿ڳ˵Ҫлѧлһֱæھ˺ЩҲûó
ɻһģӲɫª򵥣Ϊ˲Уһڳ򣬲òС
ھɣ飬Խʦһʱز¿ˣҲҪԷģֲ˵ɶ
лر¿εȥġ
ǲУ˳ھﻹԿػҿػ顣
Уɡлصͷͬ⣬ɲõζ֡
ױ˵ˣҡֱ
㲻ѧ𣿡лصը򵥵ˣʺϳѧߡ
ظ£
ǰף¡
׽ǡҪǱô찡
Ǿ㡣˴Ц
лҲˣû£ţġ
ǰõģֻҪγϴɾժȥȵĲҶϣˮ켴ɡ
лһָ˴ˮժҶһĿ˿ķʽ
ػ
˹ʱ򣬿ƺк̵
˼ջߡ

лطģȥʱ򣬵ֻԼ·ϵʱ䡣
û뵽װϹûζ˳ķƮɢȥˡ
ⶫʱһȣɷǳȣһˣȵʱȴƮеġʡƴ϶ɣǡζȴеĺö
лԼûϼӣͱӿʦʦǰΧòײ˳
ظ˿̫ˣ¬ӳЩδҿǶԼСʳˣȥʲô
ȥʳ𣿡лػûµа׹ȵ£ǵʳǷṩĹ
ˮĳ룬ζϽ뻹һЩϧ뿪ǰϰûϽͷûֲˡ
лصϽڻڿջԺš
ûٵĻ
˵ҲûУɽﵹǲ١л뵽סʳоϵļأϧΪ̫ܹͣǻķΧ̫ˣкöժժ
ϪˣΪ˸ḻĲ˵
лغ仰¼ܾǲҵֻΪ˲˵Ҳûá
ԸӢȻҲֻɡ
ɽ²ֻߵɽſ֣·ϵһһһǿԴ
Ķߣɱʡ
лشӻ·ˣ

ȼշ·ԽԽԶǲлûֲİԣűеţȥķ򰡣
šлزصͷģɽڰɽϡ
ɽҲϪɽҲİ
лգգۡ
ǰǰҼǰЩŵ֣ҵġ¬˵
ɱҲҲ˵
üˣû°лؾǴС֣ûϵģǱɽ߾ͺˣʦҲôС밡խڶͷӣ˼ͱ÷˲ǣ
ҲҲŶ

Ϫ¬ͷɱ̳ǣʵʦΪٸߣҲ񰡡
Ͳˣֶѧлͣ½Ų˵˵ģʦʶΧ㣬ֻҪ룬𣿡
˵һǰ̵ȥ죺ظ磬ְɣǻҪ
һ·طǵˣȷûʲô£΢ġ
쿴ݸ־⣬ɱһ۾ϲطл˷ܣǰһ䣺˵ҪҶ
ǡͷ
лƿš
ĿбӵشСݣ˴ǰſԺ˯һһġ
ëɫϵһʱЩлü֪ʶ¸׼ĻƺǺö
ÿɰɱССһԾԾԵ𣿡
£ˡл˵㣬˯ĻҰҲᷳġ
ȻСĵشյߣë
л˻
ϵıɢҵģƺӣԾɷ·
ҹлصڶλûɹѧử£û뵽ճ·⣬ϻ˱顣
ǰǱ̡̳дķֻܴл⴦ݣ·ŵⱾȴǱȽϵͳ·ƽѧ
ӷĹɽ𣬵˳仯лֻҪ͸ԺͿԸԼҪ޸·Ŀĵء
ͷ·֪лذѷƵġ
л߬򴽡
Сƨ̫ģԼѵòְ̫ˡ
ҲûԵĹɸġ
лصɨһȦûҵлУɴӣɨһݡ
˳˱ӡ

º²ûжɨݵΪʲôлҲϰÿιʱ˳һ
൱Ԥưѧʿ˻Ϊһ;ȴһ֪
ˣſ˲ٰ༶ѧӦоУĿõǶЩѧһ˽⣬ѡԼպ֮
һۿԺ󣬻ѡ1-2ԼȤѧϰлȤͱȽϹ㷺ÿѧһ㡣
˽һЩԼִᴸĴԣѰ̻
Ҫ׬Ǯ
⸱ģڸർʦȻӲ۸ֵ͵Ĵͷѧڷлδ֮˸롣
ʲô˼ˣлյ֪ͨʱסˣΪʲôҪˣ
㣬Ļ˽ѧѧǸģ֪ͨĽʦ죬ǳ¯Ӵ򽻵Եʣ鼱꣬ɤҲ󣬡ģǼˣԺÿ඼Ҫڿ⣬͵ýܵΡҴܵģͨԣͲȥѧϰ
˼ǴҶҪ
ԣ
Ŷ
лؼˣԺǧ˵©죬߱˶Ŀɵġ
´ӡųһҹɡˡ
΢΢һЦ콲ʦ˸񣺡ʦģһ׼ˣȡյѧϰ
Ȼ콲ʦȥ
лش˸ʺš
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôʱı﹧콲ʦȴΪ
ͨǿԼѧϰ˵ʵ
ܲΪթɣ
ܰ
뵽лһСӡͭƬѧϰʱʣµĲϣƽ˵̫Ҳܳ䵱á
գţüͷš
թû
ǡ
ǲǱһ㣿
л˵

һֽϼӲ£=3=


27 
Լ̫, ȥ飺ǿҵ
ˣ
ظӢǰķ˿ܱȼĺ󡣡¬˳˾ƨظ, ûж, ǿʲô
ǿҵǲǱˡлûԼԽ, ֻ˵ҾҺе㲻Լˡ
˻һɱüʿԼòҲֻܵͬԼδ˵ʲôһ˱òԼģ˵оͨϵò, ֻ۷ٲȻǡ
û˵ȥ
¬ûӦʲô
ɱҧ, Ϊѵؿлء
лأ
лأʲô˵Ļ𣿡
ûʲô˵, ʵ֮ٶ˵, ֻɽǸɡϪ̽ͷ˿ܣ, ͵,˵ħʳѪķߡ仯ʵôܱ֣˼ǳԽԽޡ
ɱϪ
Ϫںػӻ֣Ҿ͸ظ, Լ, ʲôϵ
˵, תͷлصظ磬Ӧˡ
л, ͭ, ϧͷûľ, ղ
ʵ¬лصϸ˰Σ㻹˵ظ˧˲١
ҾáӲҪ˵ĻƯݡɱŵüͷûɿظ磬òڲ֪ʱʲôĶ˰ɣң˵ħִˡϻزħɷ𣿡
ߣëԽǴεɷɲ
Ҳѹֳħɫˡ
лصƷħĶǳģлط˳ⷽ泣ʶ㣬Ҳ֪ԼԽߡ
лӡ֤˲ֲ²⣬ɫһɣЦˣǷģûĶ
ģ
ġ˵ϿζϲȥĵطǶʲô
Ҳǣȥ⣬ʱ䣬˼Ӱ롣
ո콲ʦлأҲϸһţлغҲûʲôħĻᡣ
˶ġ¬Ŀοû£ԴǳԺеѲ߼ǿˣʦҲ˵ʲôԾ£ҪӲȥʱϱ𣿡
԰лЦǻʦ汣ء

֪ºħ޹أֻпܡΪӣὥǰģ
мȷأ
1ղ˲֪ԭģȷб仯ȴȷǳǰģڱ䣻
2ԭΪòֻͬɺϣΪӻ仯ò˼Լòıԭ
3Ҳԭͻʹò仯ֻǲԣۡ
лضס˼սʡ
¬״Ҳ˽ظ磬㲻𣿡
£лصȥ˹š
˵ܣͽ
ɱ侲ģ𽣣ͷ룺ظЩֵֹġ
ǣϪû͵̽ͷ̽ԵԾԾԣǸȥ
ɱ̡лزڣǼľˡ
ɱҧ⣬ԽԽô²򵥣ͷţߡ

Ȼлزûҽڿȥ˹İ´
ʱֵʦΪ˵ǼǣһСдöءлԵȵ뿪ǰʦ֡
ţ㣿ֵʦּЦ̳ôʲôʳʳǰ͹˻û꣬Ȳ͡
ǣ̡лشӻͳǿͭƬѧϰʱµķϣҴԴĥһ£澵ӣֻǲ̫
ֵʦֽӹȥǰۣĥͦ˰Ҫʲô
ûķлʣǰڷ˳ҲȵͭɼȻѧ˷øЩ
оҲŮ޾յö࣬Ǹϲáˮ
ˮлͷһ˵ʣѧôô
ѧϪˮ̽ͷ࣬ѧ˲ࡣֵʦֵŮͼ㣬ͭʵûͭö١Ҫ˵֮˲òⶫûá
лЦЦ͵չ˼·ɡ
׻˵̡лضô˵ˣֵʦֻһ롣
ûִҵһз˼·ĥΪлرûָ֮ĸ߼
ȴû뵽ʦָ˵˽еֲ赼˼·ͭδܱøӹ⻬
⻹ǵĻγѧĸ߼֪ʶء
˵һҲ˵סֵʦֺ˿ˮ˵ʵҪӣҹǰУǾ㣬໨ʱͲôҲĥԼѧ췽ǽ㵽һⷽ飬ͬڵ״ҵڶûѧء
ãлʦ֣֪ˡղЩѾ㹻лˡ
òлһĥӵ˼·һת뿪
ֵʦ֣𡪡
飡
л͵ظںϪײ˸˽ðǡ׵ǣϪΪбȽϰֵǸȻײúӾֻɵȡ
ֵʦ֣
ͷʰϵĶԼû
˻лصһżʣôˣ˵ù𣿡
¬ײɱ̼ɱЦ㡭ʲô¡
ʲô°лЩҲ֪Ǻģ´ֱ˵ͺãںʲô
ǹģϪײ첲ίʦֽ̫Ȥˡظ磬ԭôȫûá
˭ҲûѡΡ
лصͦİɣҾҩһִ޵еȤ
ֵʦݸ⻰Ȥ˵Է׷˶ͬĩϰ֮ʼղࡣ
ϪΪʲô
ֵʦ֣ΪʦĶԼδʹ˵λ¬ûУ˵ǱţԼò˵ĺýҵɹһӵķȫԼĴ
лأòҡ
¬򴽣ʦְ
ţ
ʵ¬ˡ
ֳһţû˵
ͷбһ쵽˸ýʱֵʦʰϵĵǼǲǰлصļ磺뷨ǰ;úϰֵ˵ʦ治ʲôùﵹǸ㡭¬һûв¬ǰļյģ͡ڰ
ֵʦˡ
л룬Ҳ¬ļ磺ġ
ģΡ¬ͷ˵¬幫˵СƧУԡܾã˲ŵ֪ȥϢҶΨһӡ󣬾ֻм﹩һˡǽúƯԼӽϸо幫ǸĹˡ
ϪҪѧ𣿡
ѧȥһڿΣʵ¬ЦҴ˶Σޣ
һ˶Ρ
лȭ͡

֮лרĥͭƬĸ졣Żγ̵ĽҵҵһԼķҪܹʦԼ뷨;Ʒײޣлؾһľӵҵ
콲ʦ˵Ŀˣ̫ģǰԡԡ¾һ֡ɽǰ·̹Ȼ
ˮƽǶزῼңҿңѧղ
뷨Ϳշɹ˸ˣԼڸҴܡʦǼԼı׼סлأ㰵¸µĿҪ߼׼
лز֪ʦǵĴ㣬Ҳûչġ
Ϊоôӣеҵʱ仨˲²ɫûôˣѧ˵ĻԵǺ㣬лظɴϰĻᣬ䷹ͬѧ˼ظɫҲû
ǶѧµʾȲ˱
ͭƬзǳһĲϣص鼮ڲһ㣬лصȨ㹻
ڲ£˳˼·
Ϊ˸õʱһ⡣
Ŀػ𣿡
ػ㵹Ƿ㣬ʲôؼڹۣ⼸оһԭζظ磬ѧʲô
У¶ȡлʵʵ˵
ͣеĻ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
лֱ˵
ǻľ˫ʿѧϰػʱľϵƻ¶ȣʹ֮ڹȣǻ˫ʿֻóĻҪҵĸ͡ԥ˵һжǽڻϵģظ磬Ҽǵǡɣ
ʹлôлЦЦðֻ̣ܽѧѧĻҵ£ֲ㣿
ǡҲС
ǸֱˬӣԼлѧôΪأһߴ㣬һ߸лذ۽һ顣
ۣʾ֡ÿػľȼ˻лһȷоһɷ·
ĳֱʹлؿ˿ڣȹĻԸһ㡣
ŶŶǿ棬еȸиʢ
лתͷ飺иܵʲôȵĶ𣿡
Ż϶ȰϪ˵ظǲ¯̫ˣ
ܰɡ
ֻԼܸо
Ҳ֣һ;;ͬ飬ÿͬԲŻôš
ָܾ֪ˡ
£㡣
ϸ;ָ׼䣬˵ػã˵ˡ
һٷͷ󺹣ػҲˣŤͷʣôظ磬𣿡
ˣͷʱԡлصͷͷˣܻе㽹ζ

ԺյòСʱ̫ˡлԳԷȥˡ
ŵظԼҨһƷ˽ζ̬ˡ
ͬͬѧοû£ô찾̰ɫأٽ
ףӡ
ǰлһ˵ѾܿˣٸĽͺáһ㽹ζֲǲܺȡ
ллظ簲οĵ˵ظ磬ոյãҲͲˡ
ʧ˳ɹ֮ĸ
ӡ

ҪȫлطϵĳϰʼĥԼľӡ
һǡ֪
ԼĻܿеĻϵͭƬֲܡνͭƬıŲʹ֮⻬
ۡ

ôհԿۡ
벻ˣ벻׾ʹʦȥȻˡ
ڸأ㲻˵ʦܼҷʣҵú𣿴ǰʱȥݣոܻûݷķ
ˣ㲻ҪøԶˣѧ˼ôӵĶóй˵Ҳ֪ҷʣǲý飬Ҫ²Ҫ㣡ȥôûȥʦ
һޣѧʲôǵϡƽĽܽ˵ô
ˮƽ߰
ҽ̲˰ûгԹģôӽ
Ҫ޳ԹĽҽȥ
úúȥȥʦ㲻ӿԲҽڵġ
ۣ
Ӵ˲ͽͷûʡ
ۣ


ڣѧεĵǶĥԼͷĶ
Ȼ죬¶ȱͽϸߣȻĻУȴһɽԺӵȶȴСãȻӣ̨վŵĽʦȴҴ̨ףߵǸĿӰǰ
лأڸʲôлأ
л͵ۣҡ
ʲô콲ʦ˿ǰ¯ǻĻ棬Ĳ⣬ѧ˿ػҪʲôҪȼôĻ𣿡
ôĻ
лһ㶣ԼȼĻһʱ𾪡
л˵
쿴ǰ½˵˿ȥƣ̫۷ȥ˵ϣҲҪǿˣʿһ
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28 
ͼ֪ԼĻ, һʱ˼ƫ˶һµĶԻ
ȫ̺͵޹ϵ, ô£
Ȼ, ַܸо¶ġ
͵ʱ, ¯еĻһٿϨˡлض˶޹ؿüȻ콲ʦƽ͵вơ
콲ʦòᡣ
֪µѧϰʱƲõģû취лؼƽϡ
, Ҷæȥ콲ʦ˻, Χ۵Ӽ, תͷлص,ȲҪػˣҡ
˵գһŷڵ˳ȥ
лش˸ʺš
ȷûϰ, ǿź¯ŷ˴
һɺ, ôΣأ
ÿνġ䡹ԺУͻ쳣˳
, Īѵǡ
ΥʮĴԽָ𣿣
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
лؿ˿ϱǿϵĺɫϸ, ھ˳ࡣ
ʱ, 콲ʦҴҶأлشϲϸߣǸŵڿרõ, ¯ӳܲôߵ¶, Ҫػ, Ҹ˹¯ӣͿɾɡ
л΢ȣ콲ʦ
ţ
һΪء
콲ʦ׽һԾл𣬷ɹ뿪֮ӵϸϸţɽشûشɲᣡÿ¿˲ô߱׼㶼ܲſ˱׼߷ɹȻ츳֮ߣΪβԸ
ɵأֱؽ˴ӽϾ£ٺ𣺡˵ԺͬſСалأǾԼǰɣӾǹ򣬶ô
ҲòаѦ̵ʧǴԽָˮ֮䣬ָҪΪɱŸɽˡ
лգգۣ޹Ӽˡ
Ǽ£õ˵
콲ʦգ۾֪ʲôƨֱ˸
ĳǺõģлһƧɽݡǹı÷豸ȫʱãܹлؿɾڣ콲ʦûǱ߿ѧ˸ӹлоػòСİѹˡ
ʦ֡лòҾ
ʦĪʦֵܶӭʦЦúƣҽձڹֵϷּϣʲô⼰ʱҡ
ܿ𣿡лصһεûǵḶ́Щ档
ԣҶ
ҲͿ
лؼСʣʦԱߡ
ʦֽҪּԭǿɳδȡ״̬ʱһʯͷͬʱֿҪпȻװͬ¨
ǿһ۾ȷµλԼӽǸ¨֡лضԲͬĿʯϤѯʿʯ⣬пˡ
ʯͷǵ˿Ϸ죬ʦε֪ôµ
ʦּ˿СʯͷŽлģͬĿвͬԣ˽ǣȻʯͷемпá
֪һеĻǸ֪
лѧӣʶй֪֮ͨȡĵһҲͬᱻԺƻСô˵ͬںϵһֳɹﵱУһƽĹ̡
˼·˵Ҳа
лģģظܵ¶ȲͬӰٲܸܵ࣬㽫ʯͷ˻ȥǺܸܵó
ʦ֡һЦο֣Ϊˣ֪ġ
лأ
ΪǷѵǸ֪߲ܸ
л벻ͨûʡֿһһõ¯ǰ£ĥĿػؼûг֣Ľչ緽˳֮ǰ͸֪飬ôǰѻˡ
沢һθͣƽʱֶյķƺ࣬лŬ֪ŻԼϵڵ
콲ʦʱѾܱȽؿƵϨˣϸ΢¶ȿƻҪϰ
·һ֮лزż
֮ÿϿʱ콲ʦὫ͹ٽߣлص緹ֻڹԡδٹȵڵӣÿշûͺ
̲Ժ󣬸ͬ޿̵Ĺʦһ˸
츺𿴻ʦæ׼ȥûּõĲϼæͿлغͼΧһԷƮԶ
ԪѱٹȣŵζǴ˹ڳʲôö
лû⡣һͷлץ˰ɽġһ˹㰡
ʦ˵ҳ𣿡
ӵ׸ʦֽӹǳǳһζˡ
ζ̾˳գȥõֵ
лôŬѧѵͶҹһ˵
ǰлضҹѾãÿкóԵĶ͹
ô˵ʲôѧ˵㣿
ܲҪѧʿɣûǰ;İ
ʦЦԷǡ
ʦǵĻ룺ֻгɹĵӲܽţſڿʼɵδ᲻̫˵㣿
뵱Ҳ˵ָһ˲
ʲôָһ˲ΪԼϾܷǰɣһأ껹治ǸСĿ
԰˵ڸǻһˣ˵һĵ̽ͷһۣѹ˵ݶղˣѹ˺üӵûмʦʮµɽ
⡭
Ҫ𣿡
޷ɽѰѣΪҲ㹻ˡ
뵽ˣ
ĬõлͻȻһ˴Ӱعŷһӵˣ·ʦֶڿ
ʦȷӦ뵽ʲôˣ
뵽ҵľҪôˣл˷ܣ¼꣬Ⱦܣһ
ӣ
ûܼл˻šüʵˣոλʦ˵ʲôģ
˵һŲĵӡ
ˣ»ʱ䡣
ÿӶҪһ˾黷ڡ
ˣȻ͵۸Ǹ
߶ŵĵӶͷðһ亹
ʵͷֱлص۾Ų㿴ôʣѾ˺ܾˡ
ǧ֮Ѩκ¶һһ㿪ʼġ
ʼǶɽõķ㣬һЩͻƵĸ߽׵³⣬һƳƾʱ䣻߽׵ˣϹؾʱս㣬ȱһŬµġµһšżٲԴĴԴһ٣ڵӸͻƣڣѾ䵽Ҫĵزˡ
ͷиһ޳ų棬ŵνưܲ
Щų͵ҲΪʵûʵȥߵһ䷲˻ĴҪɵʱﻹŵţ׷תͶš
ֻЩŴܵңŻŰ͡
Щÿ£Ծȡ
ʵҲǲĿǰ״ģɽɽҲЩӿɬĸƮĶĸ߸ĸҹòá
һȺ˿л͵ı飬ǵúܣ̲סοҲ̫ѹˣʵŻǺܺõģûЩҲûʲôȸ͵ˣֻҪԸϽԸѧϰŶܸᣬֻˡ
ֻԴ㡣һ˿ɬ
̫ѹѹ֣ʦ̲סǰΪʦ治£˵ǰˡԺŵӻİɡ
ɡӵþ͹ûŵġ
лػȻѹϪæ׬Ǯ;¹ȥҲûǸûС
ǾͲˣ˲죬ֻŵ
лʦܣ㻹𣿡˵µĵӳü˵仰ѽ˵ģ
û°лػع񣬡Ǹո˵ŷ
ţ̫
Ҫݶ԰ɣ
š
ҩ£Զͤʦ渺ɣлȷһ飬Ǹո˵ֻҪԸϽҲ˵ֻҪǺõ£Ŷֵ֧ûɣ
ԣʦȵͷлʦܣʲô
ʡлЦЦ·ȥҵľӣλʦ֣Ҹ˵Ǳˣ
һӽӵûлʦܣܲסֱ
ͦõģû¶
л˹ڡ
ʦֻعǸˣ
һָɫԲԲĹӣлʦ˵ҪƷõĻȥоԵģǲժ˺ö൱ϲõôһЩҲ޷ɣ
ʦգգۡ

л뵽ӵ˼·öһ򣬴˺ߺͨ衣
ѡ˿µͭƬ֪ǲȥˡԭź£ѡϵʱѡ˿Сһģĥ֮Ž¯ڡ
ͭƬнķֲþϰ󽥽ĿػͭƬ档
⻬ϸСʱ䡭
ڽмһ˿ˮԻϵʹ֮ʵ
лȫĵעͶע¯У֪Լзϵ¯͡
ʦִһδּɽ»ص˴ʱ͸о쳣ԾһΪлسʲô⣬Ҵƿţǡл۾
¯лϨһɫĶ۵һ
ǶãϴսĹ⣬ǽһλεķ⡣
һķ⡣
лɫһɣĨ˰Ѻȥſھһ侫
ͷʦֿ첽ͭһ˫ٿصԲˡ
侫ͭʦ̾ͷ˵ḽŷϣлʦܣǾ˰
ðɡлӦֻǾ÷Լ״̬رá
Ҳûд䣬֪ǲͻȻϡ
ĺۣһû⹦ܵķԿѾ۵ÿըˡ
ôܽСáĸΪʱȼյģʦֿ꣬һϧŵı飬ҹʦܳղȥòţŵУСƷ󵽶ɽٷǹ죻ˣƽɽصҲǸ𣬿˵һһҪĵطֵ׸󰡣лʦܣϣǰܺúÿǷɵ£ʦ˽Ļϣܹġ
˵ó´ʼлȴĬĬ˰벽
ʦ֣ո㲻ǻ˵̫ҲʮʮŴһʮʤʦָ㣬Ͽ죬Ҳǳ¡ʦ֣֪µУһ𣿡
ʦִסˣôܣ
˵Żҿ硣л΢΢òܣлʦֿϣһúÿǵģֻʦòҪ̫ڴ
ͷѲ֧ٴγԴˣȥҲû壬лȡԼľӣѸٶɴ뿪䱸÷
Įʮµķ磬ʦһͷˮ
ֻлԼ֪ܵԭ
Բʦֵ飬Ϊ㹻ӦǷĸȥȥȴҲֻһյϰԽߡ
ѧʿʲôһŲĹޡ
һʽĽǾɵģרһļҲǡ
л·صſҵֵصӣҪԼҪĻ˳ΧΧ˼ֳ
վӡ
ѾǧľӣԼԼĸ֪ͬʱлؿʼͼֱ治ͬԵȴûܽһ⡣
Ϊʱûľӣ֪ʱźǰ΢Ƶ㲻˱仯
ͷ澵ӷÿչ۲졣
ֻһָڴСζеƶζѾһأΪ˳û⣬ȽЩѸٷһ飬ԳЩӻζȻơ
λǰġʳоУλڱϣлԭЪ˼ûȫѹ
˵ֹӸһֲ֭һԣһֺܺõճϼ࣬޶
ȥ͡
ˡ

콲ʦӡ
ôˣлĥģ콲ʦҲôӵ۵ģ仰ƽ͡
ˡлذѾͳ
˷ûôľӣ֪ⶫûз棬콲ʦȻڶľ³̶ȣӦλʦһģһ
лز̫⽲ʦĿ佱һֻʣ콲ʦܲʣʦ棬ʲô취𣿡
콲ʦ컨׹һ㶣ʦʲô
лҪ˵
ʲôҿ˰ȥ콲ʦʦ岻ˣԶֽͤ˶ȵӶࡣ
ܲýһһȥɣ
ȷֲܲ
´Ҳûлؾ˶ǺԸ񣬷һָҪܡ
գգ۵ҲˣҪԶͤ
콲ʦؿʵҿģĶˣ
лشĲʦҪˡ
콲ʦ
δ˺޳֮ͽ
ţʵûʲô˭ܼ˭ܼĹأȰлصΪʦ岻ദ
Ȼѧ˶°Ҳνǲǽ˴Զͤȥ
Լǲҿġ
лԶͤű߷֮콲ʦ㲻ˡ
Լȥ㡣
лأ
лأʦǺ𣿡
ûС
ɫܲãлϸ˿ǲˣܻ伲ҽ
ȥء
лʵףҡͷԼɽ
ԶͤסҽȻԸӲǸˣԵ޹ʷ
Ȼߵҩ԰ſڣӰѸǰסȥ·
ֽˣǸؿڶ֡ˡұǸ顸ֹּצҽ屾һ
ʦ棬л˵λͨ
ֽ˵ŵӣû뵽ֽ˲ûô飬⻰ԾŲ
лأ
ֻֽ첲ٿر䳤ڵһ׼ƣ֮ǲ
лˡ
ʹռؾ
ҡʦ塪桪
ҡ塪
š𡪡
һлزֱ֪׼ȷƫͷ˿·ǧٴΡ
л갡ҽ岻֪ĸ˳ϵȴ£ӸµؿûûСģֱʦҵ䣿˵Ҹ
лһţԭͱ¶Ҳ֡
лҲûڴ
ʦ漸⣬˳㿴ܲʽסͷʦ棬ҽţ׳֣ҺһֶҪҼƽϵĻ᲻̫˰
Ϊŷչ˵ŶõĵطôҲҽ£˲ǰ´ͬһʲôɽ׵ģ
˵ȱǲǣл´С
ҽ΢ȡ
һ˲䣬ΪԼǴлص㲻Ƿ˳ôݣⶫڷ˳øҼǵã
ҵҲİлЦЦʦ˵費Ҫɡ
ȷʵҪҵŪжݣԴǷȫԼƷǷɿҽ˵֪Ҫһʲô
뻻һȥĻᣬʦͬһȥ
лػ䣬ҽϵϷʣ¶һıȥʲôŵмɺøԶƾΪ˲ô
һ飬һ顣л⣬æ˵Ҫ
ҽû˵꣬ͻȻɫ䣬ָɽ𣺡ȥ˭ֶģҳȥ
л˵
֪ûܲµлصĵʲôٺ


29 
ҽ嶸Ȼɫ, ȫɽ綼졣
Ǵлĸоһӭ, 󴩹, ɢȥ
ûö, ڿҽŭݼ֮󣬺ȻЦ˳
˵ߣҲû涯Ұ
ƾҽΪҪߣлѾл, ƶˡ, Ȼû, ˵תء
š
Ƭ֮, ҽȻϵĽţûоѹ
лһʵҡҡͷ
Ȥҽ年´, ת,˵ɡ

ԶͤǸ״̬Ĵɢҩζоʳĵл˵ҩζҲһֺ
߽, ž֨͡ѽһˡҽ·жȥһ, һ, Ӧܷ˵˵ʵ, ҶݺȥɶܸȤ, ȤĻˡ
лأ
ãȻؿ˿, ֿҽϡ
ҽ壺ô
лأطȫ˼滹˼ɣ
ҽЦˣҲǣֻʶ˲٣УʶţȻ֪顣˽ƣΪҵ޷̽顣
лһ£ʣһ⣬ʦ浱ΪҼţΪźȱô
˵Լв²⣬Ҳǵŵ֪ࡣ
ҽһ֮󣬺ȻЦӴô;˰
ܲܲҪô⣬̫ˡ
лһͷǵģռλʦ˵©졣
Ȼ֪׽״ʲôô
лҡͷӦʲô룿
𣿲ڣл˵ÿŶܸ߼ʿ߹󡹲һҪжҪʱ˺͡
ΪڷḻĲ飬ԼƵͬţкøС
Ǵŵġ̡ˡ
ˣڴУ
ûʲô֮ĸп
ûСлݸʦ棬Լ֪ҼģΪӿܵķ񣬲ҲűȽϲ졣
ҽ죺ϵҲ
ԸŶԣϹؾԴһǳҪ£ҲǶ֮ſʼ׽ġ
Ǯһ£˵ײѰԴ롸ƽ⣬˽֧ȴֲ䣬ƶǱȻĽлص׬ͺˣʲôҪ项
ҽ塸͡һЦ˳
ȷʵͦϲ㡪ңҼˣڶһСзǷ֮롣㣬һΪȱˣǿϡ棬˵Ҳϰûˡ̾ɽһһģʱҲԼҵӡ
㡪޵ŵʱҲǱκЩ̫죬ûޣҾͿ˳ۡ
лأ
⻹Ǹףǳҽ塹ء
ҽ˸ĿЩɣлϣ㣬ˡ
ֱʱֻ˼ģлһʱ棬˭
û뵽ҽȴ˵ˣһת˵˵ݣҪȥɰɡ
ʦ棬˵һ˺ױġ
л˵ڡɽзֵģʱԱ߻ϡеĹƽֲ˵İã˼֣ܲǰֻˡ
ҽƬֻ̣ݣɲ󡣡
ڼʱҳԹһֲѸͷҴһԡ
лػδ䣬ҽ﷢ֵݣǲԶҿȥЩϽ
лأ
˵þžأһʱҲ֪ò˵ʵ
Ǽãȫڻˡлزҧͷʦ֪ⶫڷ˳Ҳߣϸ֪Ұġ
ҽеʧðɣֲмְգ
ɡлҲû룬һͳɹʧѡ忪֮顭μġʦ˵⣬ȥ㿴飬Ϊ㣬Ҳֻÿտϰʱһ۶ȥȷʵҪϣȥ
Ȼ
лض£Ҫô˵Ҳû
ͦҽƽȻΪʲôȥ㣿
л㶣ŷӦŵ֣㽫ƽȻһᡣҽ꣬ƽȻľһ˿
ʵȤѹ֮ǰΪ˵ʱ򡭡ҽ崹ЦЦŶڲ׼ƣǻڵΪͰȫƶģʣ˵Ҳ㡣
лüĿչǡ
иҽ塸һܳΪ۵ӣҾʹȥ

лһ·³Ϳ콲ʦǿ֢һָ첲Ʋȵأ˽ࡣ
콲ʦѸӭôû£
Ҹʲô£лЦʦˣʦ治ôµˡ
ոѵųѹ˿ֲϢ콲ʦֹҪ֪ҽ岻ɱŵӣҪлصȫˡ
лزΪ⣺ʦء
콲ʦķʽ͹ֱµġ
ˣʦһʡлʵ۵ʲô˵𣿡
콲ʦһ㶣ô
û˵꣬ͻȻ¶ϲɫð֪ҪϽˣ˵ʵɹ̬ȣȥۻǸѡ񡪡ֻҪСʦ忴㣡
лؿŶȻ콲ʦ˸ʺš
ûʵԼҪϢΪ콲ʦһһץɻ壬˵ƺи۵ӹˣʱ򻻽ˣҪȥ
лؿ˲ûӰɽҡҡͷ߻ȥ

˵֮ȥϪǶĻع鱨˼顣
̫ظ磡㲻ڣˣϪֻлˡ
¬ͷֻɱվһԣе
лؿģͶˣʵңһڳԵģ
Ϫ
лҡͷ
˵ظ磬Ҷ¿ɼ
ɱ𣬡лشЩ˵δĵҸ£֪۵𣿡
Ϫ㶡
˵
۵ӲֵԱ˵ֻδŵգȵֵ˾ͻỻ
ǱԼµģʵԼĴɽϻݣԭ۵ӵöûС
ۣȴзĵĸλ
Ϊ˵ڱɽʯнۣг⣬С䣬ȽϿ졣
ȻϪ˵Ĺȴ֪졹Żжķ
ϾǷš
лصˡ
һµ͵ˡ
ҽΪ̫
Ϊ治ĴлؾǺϽģκΡûĸʦţڲͬ༶ĵǸϽѧ

֮лعһʱûȥΣתͷȥࡣ
һЩҩֲϰԳʶԱõؽǼֻ
ʱᵽĺ飬ͽҩо°ᣬʱĲ©ȱС֡褼һ飬Ǻһ䳰ȷƽлػǲģȴŲһ٣ͣ
ȴү㻹𣿡Է磬˳Ͽҷʡ
ȴΪǻؾ˼η
ҲҪ𣿡лĳĬΪʿԼľ綼ǵú
Ҳ֪Ϊжð
лƿԡ
߼ͺåΪ߽ʿܿͽʿΪУֻеͽʿҪ⡣
ǵȻðˣϾôʿԼΪ߾ͰǸϹƵӲǣ
ͬŲʵġл˵˵ֻ컨˶ãο˵ˡ
ոջ룬ԼܲǰѧƷҲʱ࣬ĳܲס
֮ӴС£ĶǺܴģһļͥĸ磬ǾḻȻ褲Ըͬ˵ʱպˡ
ô˵ġҩַﲻͬΪﲻһ磬ġ
ҡҡͷصԼǲֿռ䣬Ʒ

ڶ죬ͷлذŪµĶ
СµĶǰ͸˵ûϵ̳ӣϴɾŽһֻƻƵĹӡ
ʲô¬ʡ
ǰЩӹġ
֪ǻҼ˵幫ʱ֭¬˵ظ磬ʲô
ζ֭ԿܲûнͣлҲû֡ûʲôĵãֻһС̳ӣ׼֮ٸݽĽζ
ɱʣظ磬Ǹ𣿡
š
ܸҿ𣿡
ϡл̧̧°ͣԼȥá
ллظ磡
Ůǰһ㣬˶Ϊ⡣ûһʱƬ̣ﴫŮľţ
ոջȫעл͵¬ԭ̣ʲôˣ
ɱܳ£ȫǱˣþºľӰԭԭҾ
¬ʱ˽ŲܿͺͺһϪһ̾˾ӵ
лأ
ͣô˵ء
ʱɽʿĺӣûִƼİ
ԺǶġ
лؿеĽ̳ӣﻹǹʲôʱҪӷŪ㳤ĹԿء

һ̳ͣŪ˵ˣ󽫻˵ҰһֵСֻ˵ֲһСȦأ档
Ϊ˳Եö࣬ǰҰ˿챻޶ˣֲüޡ
СԺС˵㣬л룬ҲַͨɹҪҽ˵˵ԶͤɽϿרֲá
뷨УԹҩʳּңҩ߲˵˶ֲһ֣سģͬӯγһС
ǿйעֲ꣬شũȱһЩʱ֣ȷһϸֲꡣ
ܳԣãҩЧ̫á
л뷨ڿжݺʱȻֹ
ݶԣҩЧʮҪ˵ӰɵʱݲҲ⣬㹻ˣȴˣͬӰɵ
šʲôºʹֶΡ
лĥ¡

뵽ˣ
ͷлشӵǽͷȸȴûЩҴԶͤķ
ҽֽˣһʹֽõĿھӭСֽ˿лشɽ磬Զͤĵؽ硣лٲˡ
Ǹö
лؽ±СֽջػУҴܽԶͤڣʦ棡
Ӧ
ҽ壡
һֻ廨ЬһγСӣôûûСģ
лͷܿһɲŤͷֻЬ廨ŤŤһγһζ̣ªúܣֱҽԼֱʡ
ǣЬ沢ǲģĳƤӯ͸ϸ壬ǳɫɽ硣
Ƴһۣû̫ش廨Ь߽Ϊÿκúýʱ㶼Ұ
ʲôֱ˵Ҫڲڣ㶮ҽ廹һߵЬң
лصݹȥʲôϣ
β޵Ƥҽ˽Ƣԣھ͵һ飬ûжĸ㡣Էβƾħ֮Ѿܾûгֲֹˣ˶ٶ꣬ٲʲôûˣóġеҲ͹˫ЬģƫҲЬ
ƾӣлһ񺮣߲䵽Ьϣβޡ𣿡
㡣ҽβܳˣȥβ˵ͬ壬ǶҪǧвŽޡ
Ϊʲôáƾӡʣ
ΪҲʿҽһĻһЦˣüۼ侻˵Ĵ绯꣬βһЩδǵķβ㲻ǵˣһ־ȺǵĶƾħʱ򣬴ȺһˡʿôһߴӷҪҪȣһֲѷ˵ˣƫ˶ʿĽúܡ
лسĬƬ̣ʦ桭˼뾳ܸ߰
ҽ忩Ц˵ϲ㡣
˵ɣߣŤͷʲô
һЩµ˼·˵Լол˾ͷͷǵ˵
˼·Ǵģлؼǵãʱ˵Ҫáлȥ㿴飬ҲΪʽ
˵Ϊضķʽת֮Ч֮Ȼ°빦
˼·أ
ķʽܹڴֱȴֲ㷲ݣҪɴǷǳʣ
ҽ˵꣬΢磬Цˡ
ǸСţأ˵Щҧгݣôȥ㣿
л˵
ΪˣһβдñȽϿһûüʱд꣬˼ 

ôҲ²֮յ˷ǳСŵĻظһǱЦҺü̳ҵĻģ
ǹ֮ˣǣ
ȸ󸻣ʵֹͬԣйɫ֮ λС


30 
ʵҸ, ʦΪȥ㣿
Ǹûʲôصĵطõͽ׵ϲ߲ǵĵǿԽ׿˵лؾҽ, Ӧûʲô⡣
ҽ巳ָ, ˰, Ƿ˺ݣаɣôȥ͸
лأ
׼һ˵Ļûء
лزԥҽ屳š
ʿҽȴϲֽˣһѳȥֽﻹֽ, ӭ, ̧лһ˲
ǰֵصӶлصĵϤ, ȴѵÿҽ, һ˵ҽתлؼüŪ۵ġ
֮лزŵ˺񶼺㡣
㲻ǲ£ҽþû, һ¥¥Ķ
ǲ¡лض˶˵,˵Ƣáлûо
ҽЦ˵ǰǲãǼƷģŵӵʱĸûֻ˱λ
塣
лһôԵĹȥ, Ϊʲôʦ棿ô, ҲһΪ᳤ɣ
ҽˣ˵, ǡǽޣһһ, ҡҡͷ,˵, ֮ȷһǧ˶٣ɱǿˡ
лأڱҰɣ
ҽ岻֪ĸ̣¥ڴļһ£ͨ
л֣ɡ
лظȥ
ⲿʵǴ۵С¥ΪʧޣмưܣȴǱǬÿлؿͷĴڻм׼ʸװã󷨣ƾ
ϲط
ȥһ㲢ͬûܣÿ鶼Ưڲͬĵط͸߶ȣ֮Զ߰þ񵱳дǵһ
лЩɵۣҪôң
ҪŶ԰ɣܴﵽ񾳵ʿ̹ſٵܹҲûмλмҽ˵ţӳţҰҡ
ҽʶţÿʱһķḻϢݣԼдˡ
ۣƶĳǰһϤּ췭˸ۡ
Ȼ
ԤǺ׼

Уǰе¶һ٣Իͷһۡ
ΣЩأֽЦһ¡

ҽأɫȹڷɡлرε۾ʶһ㣬ҵˣô죡
Ҷ˵ˣܹҲûҽӵǲ
лûֻҿһ۷Ƥϵͷǧͬʱһ£۵ý˳ܲסʧأҽ΢΢ȣΪ᲻Ҳ̫΢ˡ
лرԴһڱҰɣ
ôأҽЦЦŵҩлؿУֻҶδڵӣȷû뵽
ŵҩʮһ¶ǣлغܿͻֻϧЩҲӰ󣬾ôڵ˵ҿּƮݣм죬֮ǰ¥¿ļʳҩое񡣡
˵ͬһдءҽڵдҵͰЩ

ݻþ
лؾЦģǻԵ֡
һϸŶдд˾ģлػõļȻǸ֮ͽдһ¥£ҲСӾĺ÷һǻʿŵ¥
ҽϵ֣ȴûⱾ飬֮м־ȣⷨӶ治
лһߵ꣬⻰ʵʦϵô
ţҽһϲǰ
ǰ
ǰ
Ŷ
˵˵û˵ﻹвлǰģ
һµӿɻûء
һͽ׵Ӿѧϰţҽ忴úܿ죬лؽΪԣȴʵʵĶ龳ʿȺüٳ޷ƾƷ徳绹ߵ㣬лؽûʲôѶȡ
ʵֱ꣬ҽ嶼ΪлѧԼǷ·ġ
ûл꣬ӻͳֽһ̿Լʻ˷ͼҽ˵Լ˼·һǲǾֲˣ
ҽ壺ݻһһⰡ
˵ԼҪɽ¡лصһŵʱǲϷŹңҪΪԼӱĳ롣
Ŭ
Ŭʦֵлǿʦ棬ҿȫĵӣָԼ᲻̫쿪ˣ
ָʦֵҲͦ쿪ģǷŵɽߵĿɲȫڡҽЦЦˣŰɣкüءҾò̫У뷨ܺãҲ󷨵ķʽֲ
лأ
ҽ壺ҺôҲҩ԰ôˡ

⣬л˵ԼҪȻȥ׼ϣ뿪˲Ǳͱҽлʱȥġ
֪ǲǴлؾͷ˺üۣ֪ڿʲô
ڶлذԼõʱ䵽ԶͤѰⷢɽͺһƬ
ԭߵӲݱնϥߣԶͤøƺҲһڡ
߽԰УһƬǽ壬ҩ£طɨһ顣
л㶣ôˣ
ʦ棿˼־ģʯףȥݵţʦ棿
л갡ҽţвɫãҶúˣȥҩ԰
лû˿ֻͷ˿ǰǽ壺ʲôˣ
ûʲô£ԩ鷳ѡҽüԸ˵ˣ˵û¡
˵žȥҩ԰Ҳлظûϡ
ҽ嵥һҩӲֽˣΧԭһС͵ľбǿҩ
ԹԿЧܷܿࡣ˵ͦģӦòڹֻͣһͰƷʯеĲҲʲôöЩ꣬ⷿˡ
һͰƷʯ
лؿĳڵλϱڵµģǱֹļʯƯĴʯоŵ˽Ǯķҷ
ˣȥݰɡҽתͷ飬ˣʲôĽ
ǲ֪˵жӡлغԼΪ΢ŵ죬ҽһȥǼݡ
չݶǴģû֣Ҳлв֪ĶŪ磬ҽϲ⼸ݵһ⡭һɡ
л룺ҲС
ɵñȹҩ԰ҽ廹СڳֲԺҽһķͬлһصԶͤ¡
ʣµǵȴ
£лҽ˼ʱ⣬ݱʱɻ󣺡ΪʲôҽᵽıôŹ֣
ͺ񡭡һ㡣
ʿͲСë
ҡҡͷлֽˣԼͻ塣
Ҫᡣ
ɽϼҴһŵӷʦ֣лظأԷ̫ܵײ˸
Ӵлֻ˰벽ʦȴײ˸ƨɶա
лæȥλʦ֣û°ɣ
ûû£ײʦûа
лأûС
ôҲȽ۰ɡ
ǾͺǾͺá˸ûע⵽лضûŲλˤ۵ƨɼҴҵɽܣ˵ʦܣм£һ
л죬û˵˾ѾûӰˡ
ļ

һ˻ûסýĵΧۡ
лأոλǲǴ˵еʦ氡
˵Ƣܲ
ƢظҲǴ˰һʦ£պΪ״ӣǰ;
Ǿǡ
лأ
лأ̫ˣҾʦ˵֢Ȥо
ҵþȻûĽʺޣйϵõĵӹлû¡
лһáĲòȺصһͨ
λ֮Ӿ˵һֱ̫˳鱩꣬ܽᣬžǴ̷ˡ
леͷۣҸĵط˼ȥ޴ȥɴԼ·ɽݵķȥ

ߴƽȻľҲҪµص㡣
յɽӵ֮ͨƽȻɫصش׺ȥɽ½ˣֻͽܣȥƷš
ʦԶͤҪô
һݰɣƽȻ̾󡣡
Ǳأ
塭룬ǲֻʣһ۵ˣ
ǵģʦ
㵽ſڣŸŻƽȻ֪ġ
ǡ
ӷͷȥԼ¡
ʱ´Ͷ˺üλƷ壬ƽȻûеȱϯˣƷ嶼ڣ˸ոյ֪Ϣ
ɽĵڶܱɷĸ߽ʱżϹؾ˽ȥ֪ӱˣҩʯҽֻͬ۷Աͻء
ʵأ
õȥˣʱšƽȻϹؾΣأƾӡֻ׶༪٣ǵһˡ
Ǹʲôȼؾ
֪µСӣôֱó
һƬƲ
¿ɽΪͷӣǸֱĴˣֱ˵ʦ֣ؾ֪ȼоʦǶ龳һ֮ɽ̫ãʦһ˰ɡ
бһۣߣпɻһء
ҲȻصļһȨ˰ɣ¿ɽһɫȻҳٳƲ˾ɽˣ
һС룬ݡһ¿ɽűߵ档
ڳɫԱ䣬¿ɽˣͿһдֵĻƷֽƮ䵽ϡ
֪ˡ
һЦⲻǽ𣿳ʦܣҲ̫Сʦ䲻ͬһȴϵɵġʦ֣ȻˣҾȻȥ˰
˵ͷ뿪ܿ죬ΪףƷҲȥˡ
ҽսżɽ˵ȥˣմһɷǶöԸڶʱԼǿСǣʱЩˣǲ֪ܾܲȻΧ˽ƣΪˡ
ˡƽȻ
޷˵ÿ˶ҵļˡҽЦЦЩֲִ졣
Ҳô˵ʦǣҪȱɽٷʦҲǶ龳ˡ
ƾʱûô෨ǻһСأһһͶȹ׽٣Ҫʲôҽ¿ɽԸ񲻺ϣ࿴Ἰ꣬㶼
ɽ磬߰˸׵ƽȻ޻˵
һ;˱ˣԽŬԽᷢ츳жҪܱƽģ߻ħˡ
ƷָֽˣְγǱС˿ɻǹ£Сʲôʱˣ
ƽȻƳǽһۣļƫŵװƷ
Ѱ鷳Ҳ˽ҽ˼ţĪҲװƷ
ĽûнҲ֪ġƽȻЦЦһ룬һ٣̫ȷ̧ͷʦܣ
ڡƾһ˶Ϥ˵ˣҲ
ƽȻû£ҽȴü
˵ȴûʲô£
ûʲô¡ƽȻ˵Ǳѡ۵ӵ£ǰͬ˵ġˣ㿴ʲôʱһ
ȥɣһ㡣˵ûˡ
˵գǹϤϢ뿪ˡ
ҽü֡
֪ɽҲ֪ʲôغɽ
ڡϢַġԡ
Ǻ֣ͬġƽȻĻ£Ҳ벻ף粻롣
Ҳ޷СӿɱСǿ׶ˡҽͷܿҡҡͷԣһ㲻һ
ʲôһ
֪䣬ҽѾƵ˳ȥŪ˵
ƽȻ
Ź߰Щһһˣ֮λ

±ѲɽɽûٳֹɷѲɽٶҲࡣ
ȻصʱȴΪϢšü
һ֮ѸٽţֱԺſСߣҵڴлء
л붨ûġ
һɽ޷ԵĺͣͬʱлصıҲ̫ÿƺʲôסˡ
üǵδ͵ĺлصļ硣
ֱ룬л͵رѡ
ҡ˺һŻ񣬡£ˣ
߰ûˣлöζûײ϶ԷԲŻѡ徲
û뵽ˡ
ȥµüͷûɿʲôô
ôˣлظоԡ
մɷ
л㶣ûо
ϻɷʱ֪ģ˵֪ϰò֪ܺ
ȴ֪״ϵΪ΢߱͸оɷοմϵδ͵ġңȥ
ҽ˳ΣȥԶͤסڸʦֵǡ˶ĵطɷһͱˣѵԶͤô
ᡣ˵ҽûô
лأͦ
ǡлصͷ룬Īһʱ򡪡
Լײλʦֵ˵һ˵¸մ̾Ͳµǵɽŵģϵǰ״ĵһ
ֻǴĹ򣬾մɷǼ˵ĵӡ
ɫɭһ鱳彣žķȥ
ţһǰĶҲȥ
Ųκһӡ
ֻϣܸϵϡ

л뺰ȴȥտһͷ͸۵ӡ
ص·ˣ԰ɣ
ء
ǶˣʲôʱްлԴϵëѧҰĳûΪ
ء
ո붨ʱлһجΣ˿Ԥв̫á
л˵
ˣϣָܻOrz


31 
̤, ׼ȷҵǱҽ岼ùơ˵ĵطȴкúܶ࣬ټϵɷȷɾˡ
˵, ҽһĴ, Ψһǲȷ⼸󻹲ָܻ
ɷŴдĶ, ʱ̻ãǱ˾ϻ⼸˵;յ
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Ҳ˶ѣᷢɷɢӰͬŵ
ӻԲѣҲȻ, תͷ, ȥѰŵĵӡ
ԶԶһ, Ҳû쳣
Ǿ͹ˡ
Щɷֻлʲô˼
ص, л붨ˡ
ϵͷ岻ͬĵطӿ룬Ǳ֮ǰöˣµעȻԷ, һʱͣס˶
ƴ, Լģ
ƺƯһЩ

Ǿ仰Լ޴Ž⡣
ĿרעŲɷлϵԭ, Ȼ޹, һжɺϡ
ǡôʱ, л붨ۿôͻˣ
Ѿܾˡû, , ոտľǴ
ô
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лЦ£û¾ͺá
ͷϻ׼뿪ģ˵ôעⰲȫû˵ĵطҪȥ䵥˲ҪײʿעȻΪΪ̫ˣ
ƺѵò̫ߣ¿һȻ˾졣
ΪԽͣԽױɷӰ죬ʱû̫õİ취оԣұš˶٣䵽лڣѿ۵أɷԼֱӽոմҲһЩ͵мŸô
л㶣ô֪
㲻Ϣŵζˡ˵ýţܸ֪ϢҲ࣬ⶫ·ͦõģͱߡ
лأڱΪɣǰɣ
һȥˡлҪߣֻͷ䣬һעġ
šԥ£ߡ
ţ
֪۵ӵô
˵ɷĿĲлذȥ嵱ۣͲصԼİȫˡ
û˵ͼлЦ֪ʦҪȥ콲ʦӦðұ
ȥô
һ㡣л˵һ˵ȥۣܶࡣ
¾ġ
˵ȥ֮󣬲ڣƽѵֲȥˣߵʦֵ˶ͦõġ˵ԭֻʦæˡ
ŶѧˣȥȥӦáҪɣ
лסԶͤǼ춼̫һͬʦڱϳϦദü꣬ԿǶҪˡ
ţҲСָǣ˵ﰲȫ㲻Ը⣬Ǳˡ
ҹƽȻϣȦ˸֡

ܿµ۵ӣҽ˵ʱɻؿлغþãѡϵľȻ㣿
лرɻ󣺡δĵӲ٣Ϊʲôǵң
ΪˡҽȥǼ˵Сһôˣʣµı仯¼
Ŷ
лոҽ仯¼ɹǺõģ⣬м죬ݾܲժˡ
ݿԽз࣬лҲƹ
뵽ܰϲʦǵæлʵͦ˵ģȥʹ£ܷܲȥþڵݹϾܾ
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ݵ£лִԶͤ⡣
ԶͤλһСɽϣŵҪɽͷҽԼ˵Ϊͷʹѡ̵ĵط
СɽͷСɽͷĺôײǱ߻ԣЩʺֲлסСԺƨ޷ġʳռֲҽ壬ԶͤĻĵػһֲˡ
ʱҽЦһ֪һҪôô
ͣټ룬Чֵˡҩ԰ҩ԰㶮ʲôˣҩˣ
лأ
ôϲֲˣȥҷõǺһƬûõĵء
֮Żᱻȥڽ˷õġ˵ԹҩʳּңҲ֪Щ᲻ҩƷֲǣ
ĬƬ̡
ָҰֲʦбʦϱ״ӣ¶ͽˡ
ʦ
лؼ¼һݣ̧ͷôˣ
溰ҽ嶼ˣЩ˲Ƕǣأ
ʲôģΪʦǶ𣿡лܰ׼һء
Ҫǰ˭һ䡸ְܻ֡һרõأ˵Ҫ鲼ȫ
ˣҲͽܣͽ̫鷳ˡҽüġ
лأڸҲࡣʹɻĶǱ飬ǳʦ
ҽ嶯һ٣ҲС
ҲͷʦƺйģԺǻôƽ۴˵ϣҿ԰Ǽǳµӣ״ӵĸȽ϶࣬Ǳ߾ͨڽսȥ㰮ֵؾȥǱ֡ǼǺˣǧҡʦ
ԶͤСɽͷס˵Ҳ㹻οɽԭаһչҩ԰۵ӣҽ˵
ԺλϣпվԶͤæ˵˻طס⣬лصû䡣
Ա˱ȽæǼǵƽлصҲĵרСͷϡ
ǸզӣûϪ˭ײ£СƨʣҽΪʦ
Ҳǣл㶣ô֪ģ
ȥǼˡ
ŶлĵҽææЧʻͦߡ

֪仰ҽʲôšҹҽϿ飬һӴֱǰ棬˪Խ𣬼ӡ
ҽǱƢ̵ʱˤᣬ齣ɫĻð˳ŵױ̵죺㲻Ҫ̫
ڳڵ뵲
Į洫ͽܣ
ʲôʱչͽǲǰ͸һ״ĸԸ⣬Լ˼Ҫʳģ㱱岻ǵش𣿡ҽ屩ףʲôʱôˣͷ¶βĲ¶棬ڱµӰӣչض꣬ѪԱû𣿡
мͣҽûȵЦһһǴ㣡

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ôģҲҪϹ¡ҽ棬̧̧°ͣĽˣˡ
䣬˪糱ˮȥֻڵˮ֤һеķ
ҽǽѰһӣôòЩ˵˵ɣأ
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ô£

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ҽԽԽģⱲӰΪû׷ϹѵһΪ൱ġ㻹ͦС
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̧ۿ̫ˡ
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ֻ
ţ˵лᣬħԨһˣȥǶʲô취
˰ɣǧħԨ֮£ɷ޴ڣΪԼȫˣ
Ҳû취
ҽȻ˻ȥ
Ҳǣ˵ڲȥ
ӡסĿɲֹħˡҲȥ
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ü󶼲᲼ˣ
ûϣԼȥⷿЩ꣬ʲôˣ
£
Ҳ涫룬ʦִǰһȥһո𸴡
ɣҵϢ
뿪ˡ
ҽ彫ǽʰһ飬лعߣȻУ̧ͷ졣
˷£ɫ˵ǰ·
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32 
״ӵ, лغܿͱҽ尲ŵôӣȻлػЧȫԴԡȥڲҪԶͤ⡹, ǺܸԼһƬڵĻĵء
, лһ˵㹻ˡ
ǰջĺԺֲ, ҪʱԼעЧʲߣڸҽһùľֲ֮ڷøҲӦ졣
ȻΪȥѧһʱ󷨿Ρڲ˼ҲᣬѰ̫õġƷҽҲ˵õ͵, Ͳ˸ǳªֲ, , Լʱʱｽˮ, Ҳģ
һʱ֮³ɵĲ˾ͱ˷ûʳӸм, Ҳû˸ھͼææ־ٹˡ
žҲû鷳, лؾ;û
ھഺһǸǣĽ׶, ǵ, Ҫ
ʳٶ, ҲǷǳȶԴ
лصֲҵչݱʦʾϧ, лһΪϧʵڽǵ˵֮, ίʾ, Ŀǰ־ڴˡ
ʦֱ顣
ԭ򲢲лؾãΪʱ÷Լǿʦֵܵսûʲôô
ڸҽѧҽ嵱ʱô˵ģ㶼˵ҩʳּˣֲҲ֣ҩҲֶ֣ˣѧŴһ²ͦã
ͦãлػǵΪҩʿã¾Ѫ£ˬͬҽ顣
ôѧҽһԳԶаһ¡
ټߣлصʱôռˡ

ɽеûͷβһתۣʱ͹ȥˣ紫ĹħϢԽԽ࣬ĵһһɽҲлǸɽʱ
лغһ꡸ɽע˼ΣʰԼлջûаᵽԶͤȥ֪ΪΣʱҽ˵ȥڶи⡣
лءͦõģ͵סįȴϲ¶ʦֵסһȽڡ
»ΪΪ״ӡΧۣҲԸ˶ĵط
ظ磬ɽɶɽϣϪͿʼδЩʳġʲôģûеطװ
лؿһۣϪ¶ԼҪͬеİɣװҿ԰װϸڹ˸ŵǬ
ѧˣҾĲֳȼҲеλƫߵģϪһ֧ӵܣȥöȻǱݳޣ治֪˶ʯļš
лصиĴƷתתϵӣҡͷãԼܴ
ܶݽˣûףǸɫռ涫رʹлԹҲܴȥ
ʱƺǾֹģ˼·ǣȻܸʳıʡ
ʦܻظ׼öİɣ¬Ҫ˵Ϫ㶼Ϲġ
ɱЦӯӯأǲԼĿúܡ
ޣϪŭĿԲҶлʦĵģ
лأհܲ𣬶˵˲Ҫʦ塹
лΪ״Ӻ󣬾Զ˱֣лԼŤҲϰˣɺظ硹ϪƵĴȥظ磬ٺ٣⡭˵ˣЩһôϰ
ôµػص
ŵɽΪѰԼġлǿڿѧȻĴһ£žȥһ֧Լ̤;ɡ
ΪʲôҪɡ
ѧǰ˲빤üҲûҵ˭֪ɽҪòܻ
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лǰǸˣ֪ԼȥҪãòѰ˶ʳġҩģ˼ֻꡢֲģôĵȻҪϡ
Ҫ·ϳԵķӣԼʱд
лĥԼҪĶһ䲻һ죬תͷȥͼ褷شӴҴߵǰֽ̯ӱʻ˷
˸ոƺڴ
лûס˾䣺㲻ʰô
褶һ٣ŷͱˣôһ䣺ܺԼ
лأ
ʱҶǷˣֻλ֮졣
֮мͬڵʹҽõλǰŸյʮ졣
Ϊɽ;еİȫŵļλʦҪһ¾󣬷ٿǳ
Ϊˣ֧ɽҪѹʱ䡣
ϲԣʵÿջصᶼǳꡣԴˣͬݵлᡣ
ΪԷĺϲлҲиëĵؿŭݵһۣ֪𣿷ֵϵǿʵġ
֮ɹ褵ɺת̡
лˣʰԼĶȥģȻΪȶĵҩҡʦģûҩЧزƷ㣬Էĳԡ
褣ص𣡣
СС;ͱΪһ;һɳ졣
ǽԺٶȱ㲻ô죬ۿţҪķϲ׷ˣ
ʵ⵹ԩлˣлؿеΪȶĲȶ˳ʱżֳܱڵΪ
ƽʱֻ졢ʵǸָûпҪ˵飬һȥɱ̣һ̫ûѧᵱҽ޷˷޵Ϫиϸ¸ѧ˶ΡϽһ;¬ĸܴлѰƽڸˡ
ٺ֪ͨЩǿ̬ԽŤ
һֻŽǡ벻ʵʹ࣬лءϲԭʲԣôʹ࣡
ƫƫҪֲܲԣ
лػǶȰҡʦͬҽҪִţҲɻִţҿ̫ŵô˾绹ûȹ̣ϵһ㣬˾µҩ㲻ˣ̫಻
飡
һ죬߿˳ȥ
Сл㶣ͷҡҡ׹ķţҡҡͷ
ǶƢǡ⼸Ŷùˣͷǵлޡ
ָܲʮָմˮȴүɻ
ȥһ¿ţȷŻܻ죬Ӧܼɽ
Ϊ˸ʰõĶŽõķȥˡ
ȥһҪߵ߲˺ӣ֪ҪɽƳĵӶᡣ
ЩǸлؿ۽磬֪ԭ˲ֹһַмըhʳĻıɽһǣѧ֮Ȼʵںٶѧһ㡣
ֹܲ˼ѰԼġͱʾͱ
лʦܣҪ
лʦ壬ǻȡǰ⡹ѧġ
л
̫飬л뿪ʱͷƫˡ
Ϊ㹻ʱͬ˸˭ϵʧ˰褻ڡ
۵Ѫ˿·ҹɫݡлؿü
ҹȥҽ壬Լĵʲô⡣ҽ⼸֮Ȼȴǰ࣬һۣлأֻƾЩ粻̫ȣպԪӤʱѣʱûʲô⡣
ллȥϴϢ
ɹҲζţ֧ʮ˵ɽҪˡ
л˸磬ȼ·ɽȥͷһôŵʱҲûˣû뵽һһԿʱ´ˡ
ȥлسΪԼò˶ʮ꣬ȴʮģ
ڲǲǵǸһ֪ķˣΪСǿԣлر㻳ɶԷ˵ġ䲻󡹸йء
Ǿ͸ͬˣÿлعҪһʳǰ´̡
ȷʵѵü
лһ֮£תЦ˳ɰ
̫硣»Ǹ˿˵ĻҲ߳ϲ
лϰˣΪ⣺Ҫˣ𡣡
½Ųһ١
Ŷԣɽʱˡǲǰ߰ɣӦĻµģԵɽʲô컯
лػûַô
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£ﲻܷŻô
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ڣ
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þнϻʱ˳־͸ǣЩڳԺ֣մ⻢Ҳеĵ·˵˻Ѿû⡣
лҲ͵ͷҪһɽ𣿡
໡
ﲻҲԸ⣿
ء
¾Ա߿ţлؿʱ򣬻عȥһ㿴ɡ
ˣͻȻ𣬡䲻̫ƽɽҪȥ
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š
л룬뵽ҪߣȻе᲻С˵ҪҪһɽȥ氡˵Ų޵ɽİɣ
ǲޡ
ǡ
Ҳɽµ߰ɡ
˵꣬ת뿪Ժ˲ûӰ
лأ
һ˲䣬ΪЩµľ궼ǼٵģȻСԺķ˱䡣

ħһɽϿյƣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱﻹãҪɽͱܲ⡣
ɷⶫȥ٣ûһΪԼɷϤ̶ȣԼǰټһƬأҲֻø߽ʿߣĻ̻̣ÿ˶ĵعӡ
⼸꣬Ÿÿɽ䷢һռ򵥡
ķ˵ǹ쵼¿ɽֻģһɷá
Ƿַʱ򣬹ʦҲҪģʦ˵ⶫǴϾ´󼪵ġ
˵֪֪ʵһǻȥؿ
ǻǵһνӴôӵķģ֪ɱʢˡ
лɽų̫ܡ
ɱϸģܿ췢״ѹظܼ
ҰˡлС
Ҳȥɱʶ˵ʲôѵñ˾ֿڣɽԺԸˣ
ȥĴлأǾ仰˭᲻ϲèèء
¬ϪȻҲܸˣ˻̾һлؾȻŪװĴ﷨ֻҽ˽ģĽҲ͹ȥˣû̫⣬벻ýڵл˿
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֮ȶˣʦݡȻ䱾ɽǰĸӲеġʦ桹Ĭ˵϶ʮӵĻĲϡ
лءͺ
ûʲô˵ģλʦӡֻʣǵսģĽӰֶԸ߽ʿĳҲûѧᡣװϹʮӣĬĬϰһǰЩҽеҩֲ״վ
俴վڽ褣Ӱ°
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òָ
һʮˣ·ɽѸٷֳ˼ӡ
˶лأĿĵؽԲܸͬġ޷Ƕԭӡݡ崦ĿĵĵӶѡ˽УΨһ˲·
㡭Ϫ̲סһ׷ǰȥ㲻ؼҿôǼҪȥһ߰ɣ
ѧδɣʲôң뿪ǰ˵𵤲ͷüҪؾԼȥң
㣡ĸİ
ϾԵ
㡭
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ͦࡣ¬۵˵ǶϾԵʵҲ޸һ꣬Ѫ׹ȻϾԵôŸװ
Ϫɥɥ˵һֱġ
ȼҵѹӦҲͦİɡɱ̵⣬֮ߴѵĵţͬľȲסҿЩô̬
ɣŶ߻üˡл˵
ô죿Ҫ𣿡
Ϫû⣬е㵣ˣֲԸһ˸褣Ŀ⿴ˡ
ɱ̺¬ӣ󶼽߷лϡ
һʱ֪ȥĶ˵ԻؼҿлΪǰͼ͹ţŵĵӶɲɱɷϮԼǱʣЩ궼ûϵ˼غòɽ˵ȥ
Ǽֻ¬һڶԭȼҺͰȥ˳·˵һߡ
⻹Ҳȥͬʱȥݼ棬˳·ġϪ˼ôеŲ褣֮С
лͷ룺ȸһΰɣȥĶ
Ϫ۾һллظ磡
л˵
װޣһ죬ؼ˯ˣʵڶԲס
Ÿд


33 
лؾﵼеС, ƮĶĸ͸ĶСβϵϳ
Ϊ˰׵, , ͬ·ʦֵһ, ԼǼ棬Ŵһ褺档
Ƕԭϴļʿ֮һһȥıؾ֮·ϣԼȽϺʡ
ԶԶ׺ں档ĸһ˴һ, ɱ, ñȽ, ¬Ǳ߾ҡҡλЩⶼûƮ, Ÿûѧڷбƽ⡣
ôס
ܿӽԭվƬ, һƬ˸òԶ, ӲйƵ˽ԼĽ
¬ΪޣһĻʱͺǱ, ߵôԼĽ
, ʿǲһѽԼŵġմ彣ɱ̲ס²һ䡣
ҲûԼĽ
ǲ, ԡ
Ϫһšһţô̬òʦ˵еġ
Ҹֵ, 㾹Ȼڲŷ֡л
ʵҲ, ˭ϲƨɣԺ̫, ˵ϪԾÿ褣Ҳǿһۡ
ĸǵ֧Ϊǿ츳ߣûʲôҪĵģǽлܵҲᷢ֡
ԣϪ˼ͷ
¬ɱ֪ɵӵƢԣû˵ʲôлҲΣֻе㵣ǣɽͰųġ
Ϊø褣Сı¶Ҳֻýʱ
Ϫؿ˵ȵǺúһٴ͡
Ĳ͹ظպã¬бһۡ
ҿ򵽵϶ɽ϶ࡣϪٺЦ˵ʱҪ鷳ظ硣
šлָָǰͷ˵ȥҪˡ


ɽأƬԭҰ䣬ûгǺֵģлɽס꣬ҲϰŵĻ硪г˵ó׷ҪųάҲ࣬ȻŵǲԸڵۺʵʱƵɽġ
̫ˡ
Խ䣬ŵĴС籮
лʱһ·ԣصǿ۽磬ŵġ󡹽籮һڵʯͷλڴԵǰŷأҲǡŵûʲô̡ԭҰ߽áС籮ʶС籮ɽ
ǳʽ߼
лʵǿ籮ʯеȤܵĲϧ褷ֲ̫Ժҡҡλ˷ɽûʱϸ
ò˵ǧԭʼòԸɽĵ˵Ҳһֿ顣Ѵ죬ڿ̣˷ɽȥˡ
һ˵ĳ򣬻ǰ褿϶ǲģֻ˵Ǳڵ̫ˡ
ӱľҪ̽褵סͬһջ䷿ʿһҪ˯ҪΪ˸ɱ̵һ䷿ſ䡣
лسҹﵽ˻磬ι⣬湻˲ŻءŽݣ¬سͷǰŻĽϪſڴߣŸڵĶ
褵ӡ
ʲôûлָָǽڡ
˸ƿ˽¬ҡͷûָˡԽƢʲôܿŭ
ںûлزһŸ֪һ£ˡ
ûðˣǷɡ¬ɥɥ˵
лҡͷҸо
¬¶ĽĿ⣺ҪҲôǿĸ֪ͺˡ
бǿΪлߵϪԱߣˣء
ǣڿǸˡΪţϪû˵ָָ̫¥£ġ
л̽ͷջٽ֣¥½ֶмȥһӰŻ˲۵·ͣŵģźܿɡ
ҹڣûܿԷ
˵һɽԾԾԵҪ׷ȥлطʣ㿴ˣ
Ϫһ٣ǵû
׷ʲô
Ϫ˵һȥأ
ȥ˵Ĳһͻ£֮ȻлάΰѲ߶ӣ˵˳ڲ÷׷ȥһȱܴ򡣡
屻ͨ˿ᡣ
Ϫ꣬һˡ
ǴֵܾᣬǱûĶҲˣͰͷ˻
¬ڷ˳÷ôʵ⻹ҵһνȫǷ˵ĳء
Ҷʿеģﲢȫûзˡ
ϪҲܺ棬ͬʱ֪Ŀ⿴лءлض˶٣Ļ棺ᱻ
ģ
ġ
ۡ
ǡǻеڴأ
ȻƾҪ׵СʿԣԾǾԲ᳢Եģҿ˱;еȤһ׮
ı褷֣˸˵㲻öôһֱ뿪ջǰȻڿջ˵㶫
Ϫһﶼ̫Եġ
ûٹܻġлز֣ɱأ
ˡϴɱ̴¥߰ɡ
ɽٴʽ£ñ¶ŵݣɱ̡ͷ·һ컻ǳɫȹӣͷϻ˲ٽ䣬쾫¶ˡ
лػãûĴүе
ɱ̱ˣ
ʵֹŮϽ֣ƯĹߵģɱһϽ֣ͷʻͦߡ
¬С²ۣڸٰ᲻̫ߵˣ
ԽǸעǣԽ￴ɱ˵Ĳԣһĸôͷˡͬۡ
Ϫ
⻰̫е޷
ܿ죬˶û뵽鷢ˡ
޳
ǵõ޳Ӹԣ󳵵ﾹȻͷΪѪ޳ڲûٴϹҵǽġ
޳Ҳ䲻ȴүһֱĿλ
Ƿ˵ĳ
ʵڷ˵ؽ磬޳޼۸ʿڸߣڼ˵лػڸпݳޣǱ߱žžɱѾˡ
һʣҲ⳵ô
⣬һں۰л˵Ϳ˰ɣֻҪ¬ۡ
ɱݸҲۡ⳵ߣָ
ȷʵˣڳڵһſףֲòлǰͬ˵Ļܶԡ
̬УӰõڡ
ڸƨ
Ǻ

ų˳ǣԶԶ׺ں档
ĳٶȿ죬ûգӾ͵ٳ⡣һʿ򣬾ܹģ
ûǲģֻһӻӳ
سǵĽʿûֻΪʿ࣬Ц£˵ĳ
褲ûԭرը
ҿˣûɫ˳ǣɱ̻ǾȻ˵ҿе֡ˣͷǿ𣡡
ǱʲôлЦЦҪСŮˡ
Ҳǡ
ɱһ¾˳ˣϪ¬ĸл˴Ĵָ
ɱ̡סһôȥջ
ϰ˰ɡл˵
˵ʿͨͣ˯ߣţŵҹﻹǻ˯ġ
⻹ûءѪܵúܿҰޣ޺ٶȸǾˣץʱ䣬üϵ¸򡣡ɱΪʲôôҵطס
˭֪
Сظȥ
褶˼䷿ȴû¥Ҫ˾Ʋڴ˾Ͳֱӽˣµؼװ·˷ɢſڡ
лѣ֪Ҳһ͵򾯽Χ
лһüͷڸ˴Ϲؾ£
֡ɱѹͣǰǧǧؾҲܶ࣬ÿ궼кЩͬȼؾţҲŴӲ֯ǰȥʵҽǰÿﻹв˻ȥؾѰġɽԴô
ϪС˵㲻ؾɣǡҿ϶Ҫİ
ؾٵпһռΣҲǸԪӤʿ
СӣԴϹؾôΪɣ
ɱĻ룺˼ҿ϶ǱѰ뷨ȥģҪţ㿴򲻴㣡
ҲϪίί˵ǰҵչġ
˵Ͳɡ
лһֱϸջڵĶԻûнǻð죬ջظ֪˵һϹؾŵķ褴˲³Զġ¥ȥˣҲȥ
á
վҪ䷿ͬǿջ˴ļ۸ֱӷʮһһֺŷļ۸ǶʮƷʯлͷѪ
ʲôɣط±ӣ˵ͷˡ
ʯϪģû縻ԣûס褸ˡ
һҲѹɤӽĿջӽϾͺͷ˵ؽ粻ͬ뷿֮õĻƷᱻڲ˵ˡ
лؾͰѸոϸһ顣
ݵؾΪĶԭˣ¬ǾȣôԶ
Ҿ˵¸¾Ϳˣ治һܰʱϵ
ؾĿʱ䡢صҪģܰʱϵؾڻպϣ´ںʱεسǸδ֪
ӲݣֻܵȴϢǱ
ͦĶģл˵һͷ
ǻô¬⻰۾ǿϪġ
ҡϪеҲ֪ô죬ҪڸϻؼҵǲǾҲ˰
׷ٷɱ˵꣬ϪڴĿ̯˫֣ң̫ˣһûѧᡣ
ޣԹŷ󲻷ּңƽʱȡ¬ʲôҪ
лһţҵС
ɱ۾ɴȦ̾ظ磬׷ٷôӵĶѧˣ
֮ǰֻģһţٻˡлصĲʽΪ֪ģоƣҲ
ɱ̻ǾĽܻͺˡ
˵ϣлظɴϪҪ˵ָѪڷֽд褵ֽ֣ˣҪȥݣҲǱȥģٸ쿴
ϪоĹǣͷҸȥȡ
űȸ·ɿöࡣ
רŵվϪܵСҪֽʣд׼ջһˡ
Ҳȥɱ˵ȥ򼸼ѡ
ȥǶòӽ˶꣬ɣ·ȻСˡ
οɱһƯҲϲ·
ȥ¬ȻҪŴ֣˳㻹Ѳŵлظˡ
ϵ׷ٷ뿪ջҲŪһֱлεظ˽֣Ϫż˳ȥɱȥ·
Ů·Ķ࣬һһһңлţȻͣ˽Ų
·бݻ߹ΧȺò֡
˷ûϣܻظ磬أ
ǿ˿лأԭظϲѲΣ
лգָۣųǰжǰļֻѩ׵ĶҰޣ
ѩƱɱƳһۣȻסһ⼸ֻûΪ
¬˵֣ԭûǱ߷ŪޣЩҲȦҰޡѩƱֺܴ࣬Ϊ޵ļʺܸߣܰ߻ӭġ
ҵ˼ǣл˵Ҳʿĳǲǿ԰ų
ˣ
ˣŶ

ء
СУлؽȻɫϻ˳Դ˼̫ˡ
໡
ɱ̣񲻽⣿
лأͻ
»ص˴ϡ⻨ѲεĶر𳤣һֱŸִת֯
λʿʿؽɱΧм䣬иںͷò˵ʿĳڣû˻ĳִʧɫǾ࿴۰ˡ
ӴϪһʱСģײ˸г
˼ײϪ˵ͷصǸ̫û·λޡʿ˲С˹С˰ɣ
ûû£ҲûײۣϪƢͦãػӻ֣´Сĵ㣬ϸײˣ
лл
Էһߵлһ߾ϹȺûӰ
л۾
ظ磬ôˣ
˵Ҳûر𻪹·л˵˴￴ʿģ
Ϫһ㶣֣طʿܶడײһǡ
ٳֻһЩҺˡС۵Ƿˣ˿Ÿռһӡ
ǡл˵ҾеǸˡ

Ϫסˣǿһﰡ
ô£ɺϣ٣
˳ǻֻǡ˲ƣ
ܣ
˲ƵĴҪڷ˵ĳйģ
ǰ·ʱɱ˵СʱӦ죬һϪĸ첲ɵӣٶû
ϪʶһҵǮ
ҵʯ氡ǸǬȻһ´Соˣô찡
лأӵܾǮù֡
¬ס
Ǹɵӡ
ô죬׷¡¬˵ţѽ˳ʲôͷĿģǵ͵ʯСǴһҲͣˡ
ָܹӹǰͺ̵Ǯ
Ҫ͵ǮģжߵΪ
¬Ϫм׷ȥ
ޣһȺ˼ά֡ɱҡҡͷʹûȹӣ彣л
лػͷϻϻ໡
ɱĬھǱŵøһЩڳ˿λһҲ˳ȥ
Сܣ


34 
ٳǽ, ΧۻѲεȺռ˼ֵΧµˮйͨ
һСֻû˵ĵط, 񲢲ϤĹ, ûþܽͬ
ҿĶܣ¬ǰһ, Ϫ󾱰ȥԼһһߣɽ߳ͬʱǰԾϪһҽУֻüڰеΣɳƵıСΧǽм, ˡ·ʯǱСĻͷ·, ¬ԼСǰ, °һ̧־ܰɣǮ

ǰг˵, ޱԣҲҪҽ¡ɱ̴лغӷɽ, С²,ʱһ̫ŵģˡϪײƨˡ
лûסЦ¬
ɱ̱Ťһ, գգ,ظ, ѵҽ£
ңȲ˵Ҳҵ¡лػ,ɱô, ҾͲһ, ôദ
ۣɱûס֣㻹ͬ¬أ
һǰȥ¬ѾʷˣСܷݵأź¬ġϪûԼ֮أˤ۵ƨɳл
С¬ĴȿߣλˣкãһذɣҲ̫˲ŸɳȻµġء
żԴȦľ·˵ɾϸһܿγƿڣνڡĻҲݿŶȡ
¬ԴϽ޵ĵ·ƢǱ˲٣ȴǸŵĴүļ˰ԷôһޣкͬľˣƵ󣺡⡭ҡظ㿴
ͻлʰ¡
лǰȥϸСۣ֣Ǯأ
СһѱһذǮͳ
лؽӹȴֱ׸Ϫ㡣ͷ
Ϫʶȥɨһۣû١
šлӦһʲô֣
Х
ĶĶȥΪʲô͵Ǯлؿ˿·Ҳ͵İɣ
ХûȾ
鲼»͵
Хû뵽Է㶣ܿһɬ̾˿ˣҴӺԶһȵĵطҪȥ׾ˣβҪһʧĲҩ˵ݽϹؾţȥƶ񤣬׼̲Ͳ࣬··ȲѲšʵ̫ˣԲ𣬶Բ𡪡
˵žҪͷŵøոջֺ¬æס˫ۣʲôأû˵㡭Ǯ˲ͺˣ
лૣȡ
Хӵ̧ͷһۡ
Ϫ̽Դظ磬Ķ
֪л˵꣬ʣʿ
Хͷǲ˼΢㲻á
ܴʿ͵Ͳ΢ʲôϵлصҲûʧ߰ɣԺ͵ˡôȥҷݹһҲãܳЩ̲úһʿʲôУҪ͵
˽ѵǣҡߡХҴվǽҪӼ߹
¬𣺡ȵȡ
ХһЦŻͷôˣ
¬ͣɣ߹ȥϣų԰ɡ
Х㶣ΣͻȻһллˡмˡ

ԶˣϪջߣЩظɳˡ
¬Ųֻлز˼Цظ硭
û£ƬɶѡлصĿԶХ뿪ķ򣬡ȡûǴĻӵһ
ͬ
Ϫظ磬ոջ˵֪Ķġ
ӵݣΪʲô·ԭлش˴Դϣûô
ǡظ磬Ҫȥôɱʡ
лҡͷ⣬Ĳ̫أƾǵΪˮƽµǮ׷ͺˡ
Уֻлӵзḻĺİ˴򽻵ľ飬ô˵ˣҲûʲôϪ׷ǮΪ˵ҪԼ͵ŵԡ
ڿջԣײ褣˽˲˵
ͱˮĲɫ׵ˡ
˵ʵջĳ˻㾫£ŵķˮƽߡ
⼸ǵѾлˣȫʳĻѾܲˡ
ȥţ´λŪɡл˵
Ȼ˫˫޳ɡ
ڶл˸磬ʰǱ׼ţ͸оԼ׷ٷ˶Ųһ٣ı·ߣš
褵ĿǳеĲ¥ʳĵطлظһһֱڴϹؾ£תȥˡ
һνʿĲУϷ˵ЩͬųԶԵʣ̯Ƚϼ򵥣̯λϰ彫Լֲ̯λһڣۣȷ˵ּۻ۸ݡ
һͷΪҰİٶֻҪƷʯϪʱĲ˼ۣлؾȥ·С׬һǮ
ԼҪĶлػ˿ջѾ𴲵Ϫųš
׼ʽ𡣡
ϪûСȱʯǮУԼǲеĳԡ
Ȼлû̹ǷݣǮ͵ĸԸ
лذͬ˼ͷޣֶͷΪҰһŽϪСңûˣϵĲ۴ʶȻƷֶûԼֵǿ
Ϫƨƨߵظ󣺡ظ磬ЩҰʲô
Ѿ̫ô̵ˡ
˵ôʽ𡹡
ϪŷӦظ磬ҪԵİ˵ЦҲǣƾظգǮ϶졣
Ӳглشڳ䣬һ¸ֶĶۣôð̯ʸ
һߣһ߸Ϫ˵ϳˡ
Ϫȥˣ
ؾ¡Ҿ͸һСΣûˡ
⡭Ҽĳȥˣﳤô˵ɡϪɥɥأʵǿ϶Ҹġ
ִ˻ţ
š
ΪʲôлЩɻ󣬡Ҳ̫ף츳ǵΪҲͱһؾ磻ѵǰ;ǰ;ľͲʲôô
ϪĬƬ̣һ˺ü֣·һҹƵģǵظ磬㲻̫⣬ģҵչġ
᲻𣿡
Ҳûðɣ
ǲûãлؾˡ
⣬ϾֱǲԼ͡ӡ𣬴ҲƵġûðɡ

лתһȦг׼ʱͷϪһҷֽǰפ㲻ǰǽϵëʿó
л֧ıǵģ˺ü꣬һر鿴ʶүСϳ֧Ǻö
Ϫͺܲ
Ϊ翪ʼĹϵԷָ߹˾ѧ˺ܾҲûѧᡣ˵ϪÿһʷĴĺ壬úһľҲѧҽѧɣתˡ
곤ֳһֺõЦɳɣĶǺöû˵
ϪеΣҾǿ
곤еؽ̨ϵֽ̺õݹȥϲԿģ
ҡ
лؿı飬ȻһЦǰȥʵҪϲһ֧Ҳûɶ͵Լ֡á
ƳʲôʶתͷͿХڲԶİһ·˵Ǯ
лءһ󺰣Х㣡
ХȻһĿѰлصӰϺ󳷣ͬʱϵ˸ʲô䵽ϵһ̣ʵӰͱƮ
лͫһδ˼ʶץס곤зʣһԵĻƷֽϻ·ġ
ȥ
»µ׷ٷմī㣬ֽƮ׷Хһ·ȥϪһһ㶵ģظ磬ֱ˰
ıʣһ㣡
л˵׷˳ȥϪں󺰣ظ磡һȥȫ
곤ˣ
ȫҪˣϪһʯץŵ곤ĶܣҲûԼʲôܵ·һﻹлصӰӣ

лزܵ·ҹصջʱΪݲ㽫ջϷ˳Լȥ׷
ء
ٳֻҪڣԦ޾ơлһ·ܵһԺǰ
ᡣлûߵԺ롣
л˵ܸоĶӦ
һ׷ٷϣ㲻ġͻȻת˸ڽƵľϡ
ľ󻺻ֳһӰХűǰһǱ˫Ŀɺ죺ΪʲôҪң
첻˵ˣ㲻Ҫ͵лؿһЦֱײѵҪû
һȥˣҪˣХľţһҪȥݣҪ
ҲûȰ
лЦЦԴ˵ҿʷϣǰӴսбΪƽأҼû˵ѡ
ХȻ˹˵
ʷϵֻңͬɿֻţл˵ҿֻʵҲ࣬涯Ҷûôҿ㲻Һúһģָָܸ·
ʲô·
öӵ·л˵϶͵ǿɡ
ɽС˵Хٶüг֮ɫĥȥ˾ӡ
ٶ̣ڵԪʵͷ˲࣬ҲʮңХڣˡ
лмֲ²⣬֪ǶԵģץǳ档
µûⷬХȻ侲Щлʱ䣺øļģҿٸ㼸飬ܽô
⣡
˵ХǱͽǣҪƷˡ
֪ǼɣжûԹˡ
Хɥ֪ʲô
ľ仰ǼٵģлĿˡ
ġ
ȣҪȥݣ١
뵽ĳֿܣлգۡ
ҲµģʵڻȥˡҲ֪ʲôʱҲ𡣡Х˵ǶԭɣУҪһ̲ͣظݡǿǽΨһῪŵĴؾˣұҪʱϵĲϲˡ챾͵ʯ֮׼ЩʳȻ뿪˴ġ
ʵףл˵ôȷǸؾҪҩݣûУ㲻Ͱһˣ
ҷǴؾǸ񾳡ԴʿĶΪ󡣡Х˵ʿµҽޣҩڶ࣬ҲûУҾ͡Ҳ֪ȥˡ
Х˵ͦϿңлԽһεĹ¡
ڰ£лرĸдǰܶԵ¡˵Ӳ벻˱Իȥ
²ֱ
˸
ˣ
л˵תХסȥȥĶ
ɡл˵㲻ѧô

л˵̾Ḷ̵̌÷ǳס
Хͽ޳ûβòõ壬֮˴һֻɽȥ
СʵóԣֻСԵХֻ
лؽХƤȥ࣬ϴ֮ĨΣɣǸʱ䣬ûķʽŪɡ
Хڷ˶ûжģ񾭽еĻøˡǿ㣬ʵڵĵӡ
Ҳ˵˭֪ǲڣ
лʶؿڡ·ѹŵŸıƣԼ¿ɽġɷ
Ҫʱ䣬лؽһ֮ҪХ֡һֻɽܰⲻ֮࣬ǰХڽɶˡ
л㣬лСֵܣվһ·ҲŪˣڡ
ҪҪǸңʵȱ˴򹤣԰סСлͻȻǿҲҪȥݣȥȥܱܰ㲽п졣
Х
ʶ̧ͷ졣
ʲôӣôϻڱģ
ʲôЩɣЩмСģܶҶ
ȱڵġлضϡʣЩĸ첲
л˵
ɱ̣Ҳ̸
лأҲ̸
˭Ҳ˵


35 
лؼƻͷҰЩ±ζͰ, Ϊ׿ţߵĶĶΪ, ÿʳıʵ, Լ˲ٳɱ, û˳
ȸһ·ԺлѾͷҰˣϪǲʽԼ˲Ʒʯ
Х˵ȷܺãеҲ׼ȷ, ɾ䡣
ϪлԷԭʱ, л˵ԼЩĹ۲췢֡
, ϵļ״ûɢ, ǳڶһʱ侭µġ
Уѧܿ, ʲôʵĶҲ̫, Ǹˡ
Ҫǣ˵˵Ļġ
л˵˶٣һЦǼġ
ţ˲,ʲô𣿡
Сл̿һֽ, д߽,Ѳ䣬ȳ, ˵ҲꡣԪӤʿ, ٵǸ񾳵ʿ
˳Ծس졣
, Ҫݴȴڶԭ·̲˼Ϊߣʶ·ֻߡΪĳԭֻܽΪѹڼ͵ľ磬Ҵʹ˵طлֽϻ˸ģ߽׵ķдͷ󣬸߽ʿҲܶ̾˲ƶ൱һռ䷨⣬ڶԭ·ܸʿϡߣȴ򹤣ɽ¶ҪؾѰҲҩ
Ҹڣһ
лͣʣ̧ۣɨˣƽ³֡
ħޡ

ħޣ
Ϣ褲ҪȥݶؾҪˡϪŵظ磬֪ħ޻ǣôģû֤ݾͻ˼ħǲǲ̫ã
⼸ɷŰĻ̻̣ħޡƵͬʱҲΪһɡ
лؿһۣ̫ͬ˵С
¬˳־סϪ졣
лأ˵ʵҲХദˣһʼ͵⣬ʲô𣿡
ɱ̱͸ХӴ࣬û룬ҡҡͷ
ХÿڿҿҵлظԺ󲢲ҹ䣬ض޵Ŀջһ겻Ģ
ֻҪгԣסһ·ȥܰĵذӹȥ
һħҵĲ²⣻ħޣħжɥĲҲֻĴԡл˵ǰһڰһͨˣСƶҸ˵Щϣܰע⿴㣬û⣬Ǿ͵˳£⣬ǶҲڳĵһʱϱʦ桭Сʦ塣СʦѰ޸ħԨӡķܣ϶ȷһħ޺ðȫ԰ɣ
˵ͷ
˭Ҳûֱϵİ취˭Ҳû롣
лǾô˴ŸƽȻΪһţ϶ϵķǳڵʦäĿݡ
ʦ˾ǺǿģǱʶãǲŹȥƾǿʶ
ХʲôΣȫΣ£а취֪
ɱʣȥݣΪ˲ҩô
ҿ˵ͦʵеģҵĿл˵Ҳȫɾ裬עɡ
ɡ
˴ЭХչɫְජҡ

˵лضħ޵ġƽġʵƽ
ΪǶδþõļ䡣Щ꣬ÿҹΣ˺ʦĶԻ˵Ϻûƣ˼άҲȽϾףδŵϵɽĿлȫһ飬ջķᡣ
ǶżҲᵽħޡʦһΪħڡˡñӡħԨ֮£ͽȴôΪ
ʦֹͽ룬Լ˵ҪԼΪȷ¡
εȿʦ
ĿȾ£лؾͲôħˣ֪˵Ŀ̫ˡ
ȥʱ򣬻Щ˼Ѱʷϣ׫дһ޶źǸѡ
ִ˶֪ʷֻܷӳһֵʷȫʱࡣ
лذԼɻ
ݣҵһǼλʦֵܻϡ
໥ʱлֻ˵Хǡ·ɢѡĿĵͬͬ·
ûлɣл֣Хǵ˵Ǻƺм硣
⼸λʦֵסĿջȽƽۣסǼҲԶ뵽׷ٷϣлǾû߼۸٣ѡʦֵһס
˵һ䣬Хлͬסҹ׼ʳлػõʳȥ̯׬ǮгȥģилشּģϪȥġ褳ڳв˽£ȥҵҲһӵ飬ӵҲġ
лҲȥΪǿáĢ˵项ʱѵ˵㷴ӦҲˡ
һѡ˸עⲻĽ¡
ɲɣ˵ħ硣
ǵħΪаͬʿͬô˵˵ϣǡǡǹԣ
ұʿӯ޵һ·ӣЩħأǶˡ޵Ϊ޵Ѫ̾͵ħ
˵ٶǰһ˼ҡ汲̣Ҳʿ㡣ǵҵһ˲ţ˽µĶӣԶš˵ڳ£ѼۿҪһ·޳ɵܵġ
һգһħ·ϡ
˵˼ɤѹڳ˸ܵ˲һĽš໥ӣ߲ƳХϣֿлء
лڿХХ飬ƺûעĶ
飡飡һ˼ʮˣȫħΪϣ˵ׯѪɺӣſʯϵѪ߰˶ϴɾ
ХŴָʶؿƣܽš
ߵϪǸţ¶Է˴̼һʱʲôֻ㽲ꡣ
лͻȻЦħôɥĲΪʲôֻһˣ˵˵ģϷʿ١
¡һͬŵ
ǰ¶ѡл̧̧°ͣѵųȥˡ
ϪվŵشȺ϶꣬׷ȥ
¬ɱ̸лХˡ
褸һģ뿪˲ͼ˶Ѿ۲˺üˡ
˸˼䣬ƺ̸ʲôһ˵ظǡ
лüǲǷ̵֯Ķô

Ұ̯ĵطбǼձͷķ̡֯л˵ȥˣҪôǴ󶫼ңҪôǴ󶫼ֵµĹ¡
̻֯Ҫ󶫼Ұ¬ʡ
лؾЦһǾͲ⣬Ʒģ߱·ӣֻҪģ󣬿Էǳ׬Ǯ˵ֵӦòֹһҷ̡֯
Ҫͷ
ƨҪߣлҸȥ褡
˷ͷж
ںüҵʣҵ鲼¡ʳסСȸתһȦֻ˲ƺǳԡ
ħǶνˣ˵ֽǰһͨׯ˼еķ˱ɷ忳ھӵ£˵ûɫ·˾ֳ
лҪô˴
˵ͻȻһλ·˳æĴ峤λޣԣƲദʵ򼵶𡭡˵Ըħޣħ޲߸أȱɷкİա
лأ
ôеأ
Ѱ˸Ĵֵڣлȥ
á

Ǹ£ͷϰ壬һ֧ݵԭó׳ӣ褴ȥݡصջлظ˵ѶϢ֧Ӿʿһ·һûô򵥡
˵⾭⼸˶һϲͨлطһաһ֪Ļ磬òѧ
˵ó׳ӲֻڸؽزǻһЩСؾѰϡǳɹޱ⡣
ؾлõĲҲ֪жֵǮ
ĳԼĹأҪͬ·ΪԼͬȶؾҪö࣬ҲɱĻΪ̶ӵʿ֡
ݻƹƽʵŵ࣬һСľҪӡ
Ҳǲȥлض˶٣߿ˣ˵λɱħΪεģԵĴܽޡݡ
ǲе죿
ǣлҲôõģʦСʦĻ˵ҲܽؾȥϪͲþˡ
л˵
Ϣģĸ


36 
ʵϪûоĻ, ǵĶսڣϪյ˼Ļš
Ȼûκ⣬, г, Ҫ褡
Ѿʹ֡ô˵ġ
Ϫֻ, λ˵ܵʦݡ
ɥòУͬеʦֵ֪ܶôοлһ䣺õģķӦ˵㲢׷統ҵ
Ϫ𣿡
лأΪġųһ𣿡
Ϫظ磬㰲ο˵ĽǶء
¬Ц
˵ѰһȺ˶Щ, ʵ, Ƴ֮Ĵ󻷾, ܶ˴ӳʼҪ, ȴδԼΪʲôɽˣ˻ãȻġ
¬Ƚϼ, ǽ, ֻҪѰҺԼʯͷɣЦͱʾϪ̫Ҫʯ, ȥѰҲһ
õĻ, ܵðƬ½̤һģ
ɱҲ˵, ȥݼ档
һģ˵Ҫȥ, Ϫежĵľǵͬг, ʵڲһȥ, ʱһֱû˼
Ǹӣصȴѹϡ
ڣΪΧ
ظô˵ɱ̻ͷ
ţлػعЦˣȻҲһȥҼһ͵ܵܡ
˵Ѱ£з𣿡
ɱʵģл̧ۣȴ˶
һ˫˫еĹġ
ϲġεĶ
лصʶϵָĦţӦáаɡ
ܾãĴԽԭġ
ûУԣúûҲһֵˡ绨ѩ˵̽ζŮҲԸϲŵÿһ죬ÿһ¡
Ҿеģ˵һ飬һҵġ
Խԭ
䣬ͬôҲû˵Ц
һȺ˾һ˵δʹ뷨Ҫ̫࣬ܿͽ⳶ȥлƳһĬĬԶХ֡ǳϧЦ⣬ԽԼĲ²
һһݣлȴǺХһסģԻʡǮʵҲ˳㶢ҡ
Хûʾȥݣгסģ
ΪϦദлشϷֵĵط
˵ΪʺԵʣҹлض˯ģХΪһڵСʿлشû
ϴĸоȷû
Ժܶ¶ʣлĳʳ֣˶ϰΪ˵顢Уҹӿջȥǿգ˵ƺǺĶ
лغܺ档
ħ硭û
ûǿ
ǵǸĵطХôܳأ
֪ӡӦûȫѿŶԣȻʦ桭˵Сʦ壬Ӧͷ˲Ŷԡ
лص뷨ͦ׵ģԼ֪ΪͲ磬ҽܶá
һ˽ΧĿĵڳ˷硣
褸̶ˣлȴȥϷһǿ˼ֻһ棬ȷ˫ƽǾ벻Զһء
֮󣬾ɱлػȥХŴ󲿶ӣһ·

Ϻ͸ۡ
ɱվڽԶϵһһظ磬Ƕ𣿡
ûиĻĿĵأǾӦǡл˵ǿɡ
˵ʿвУʱȴҪǵģǶԵسأǴ֮ˣһ㶼Υ涨
Ƕĩβ䵽ϣŶӵȴǡ
Ƕнɱ̽ͷۣôϸ񡣡
š
лصͷǰһλᱳĴ󺺣̬º͵ʣλѣ֪ǳʲôΪǼϸ񣿡
֪ҲǸ˵Ϻ͸ǰ껻˳³Ƣã뷨ֶ࣬һһߵġ󺺴ֵģĲں£Ҳ㣬ܱץɣ
л
лػعͷû취ǵȵȰɡ
š
Ҳֻ
ǰüֵʱյնʼбˡɱ̱ɹ÷裬лƵû̫ǱȥǼǡ
лԼߵһߵĵǼǴǰ
ɡ
лء˵ͻȻɽǰŹʦֵУġš˸䣬ˡɢޡ֡
ǼǵĽʿʼ˶٣̧ͷһۣĸлĸأ
лءлؾĿЩŹ֣ʵô𣿡
ûô˵ǼǺúȡһлأݱʶشá
ÿǵ˶ҪһǺ黹кüɫлغɱ쵽ɫġ
ԶһЩ֮лϸ۲һӣֱõĲڻһЩڲ࣬״
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ȤǶ˾Ϳл˵˵ſҲоȥˣΪ
ΪǡҿŶ㼱
Ҳûãƽġ
ʦûָʲô𣿡
˵ԵĪˡлЦЦû°ԼҲоͦȤġ
ʣʱͽʿ˼·ں֮
ǿļ˯ΣʲôʱεǼˣת˳ˡ
ǼԺСϺ͸۳ǶŶųǶֵĴֳνС
һ·Ժſڣŷȥͨſڵȴ
û˵䣬ʹһաĽŲһģ硪
лתͷͼһü۳˵ĸߴ˼һ˹
һʱ飬˸޴ĳײ
˼˵֪֪Ѿֻˣºܡ
ɣ
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ҿ̫ˣҲ˵͸˼ʮˣлǰСֽû£û£̫ˣ
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˼գգֿۣ۱Ưʿ㣬ʣ磬λ㣬ôĳǣ
߽ġлزףôˣ
ܰɣǻû˼˵Ժ˷۵ĹסԺءϺ͸ǰ껻˸ųĳֻҪҺ͵һԺǾͻ鷳㡭ϽժˣжԶܶԶҺ͵û£㲻Ҫġ
лأ
һʱûعɱȾˣظ綼ˣǸʲôŵģû鷳
˵ſлأвͬ飺Ҳ̫С˰ɡ
Ӵʵ£궼Ѿȥˡ˵£˼һ۵ı飬ŲڿŴ˵ʱһӣֵͦģȻ֪ôľ¿ʼǼҵˡһͦĸġҪǵûǿͺˡ
˵㬣۵ײЩί
Ƭлصĸ첲ο˵磬Һ͵Ժסû£ǲ뿪ˡ㻹ǿ߰ɣһˡ
۵ĻǮɣл˵Ñ𣿡
˼ûϵתһʱסˡ
˵ϡǰелغڴϹǮ࣬úŪ
лһͶˣ̾ȥʱ׬˲Ʒʯõȥ
ץʯ˼ɱͻȻһСģ
һ̣ڰա
ָ˼ֹȥ˼ɱ̶ûüץס
ظ硪
л˵
һ
дҲаҽ϶дһ


37 
תۼ, лգԺǰĴ·˲٣ȴûһĻƵġ
ܿ, ɱ̺˼۾ʧȥ˽, лؼŤͷ, ŷԼľȻһֻ޴Ĺ
ޱȣצȴлһ·򶫷ɡδüϤĽֵһ·ˣС𽥳ΪҰеС㡣
лغͷۡ
ϱķüȴû̫õ÷
ô˵, ñķԸֻ, ƺ֡ɱţ˷ѣǲ, Ҳûиõķˡ
߶ȡ
лصͷԽԽԶĵ档
ˤȥµİɣ

һ
ɶʿ, ʲô鶼ҵΪԵʣлػоһԦ޵ѧ, ѧղ, ֪˵ǿ׳²һ·ضԭɵŵĵȥ
ƺҲ˲˷Ѳ˷, л̾˿, Ծȡ
ʶȻ
׼, ֻݡһ۽ʲôһ, űһӦǱ, ʹɿл, ŷɻץ
лط·һɳƵ䣬ֱץ䡣
Уͬʱ̴˹壬ɫѪҺлͷ£ܿص׹䡪
ҡ
ʲô
û˹ܹδСʿ
ˣֻǿҲϷɽƶ
ҪǡҪΪǿһͺˡ
ǿһ㣡
лѵô¶ҵķżٵ׹Хϣһ˲䣬ƺʲôӿ˳
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ӰСӰٿ̧ۡ
Ƿ۳¥ĸ߶סӰɢؽлطŵ˵ϡ
лƽأδش
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һ׼ġʿ
ԲʮڲӰҪ˵˭лأƺ롣
лض˶񣬴ӵ߹ȥλǰлҡ
Էֱлߵø˲Եͷת˻
Ŀԣ㶣㡣
лһǰʶң
϶ǲʶǰġԡ
лغȻʲôͷһ׹ĹٶȵңͷѾҵÿԭģѪģغ˰ڲݵϡ
Ϊ½ⶼһӡ
ǽʵһأ
˾ǡ
ϢϤζԷŵĵӣ
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Сʦ塹λƷѧϰ
֮Ĭˡ
лؾ֮࣬˿ĸоǻصɽУµְĸСش𣺡Զͤѧϰ
ҽ壿ʲôʱ򻹡
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лء
лǸϡٴγĬβŵǰ뷽йһʱܵǣķˣɡ
ôлصͷǵġ
š
šʲô˼
леͷԣͬţ㲻ôţ룬ߵĴʯǰ¡
Ҫ˴Ӧһѡ
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лͻȻ˿ǣΪ󲻳ʰѵӡ
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ҪӦҲڼǹꣿлеƣŵϺ͸۵ĳ֮λΪ͵ܵǶ̫ˡˣСʦ壬ܲæͬһȥϺ͸ۣҵܵһ뿪;٣֪ͬеͬʦ㡭ʦֶܲ˳ǣɷ
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·磬ٶȼ죬лҪСܲ׷ϡ
ΧѲ߶˸ŵǹˣһŵؿ뿪ΧȦ
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ⱲӶûôȹˡ
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ҲҪȥݲɣ
ɱ̺лûüʣ˸ԵĽͷ·ʶƵģƮϺ͸ۡ
硪˼ں֣һ·˳硪ǵǡ

ǵʱҹû
ɱ̴ӷɽһԼ紵ҵǱЩ㱡
ⱲӶûôķɽǲƵ֡
лΪǵһˣ״õöࡣ
ͷһЩҡ
ִţ˵꣬Ҳʮ꣬ɰ󲻺÷һͷɢӡ
ɴཫ£׼°һٽǣͬż棬Ϊ·˽ٷˡ
ͷʱıһӡ
īķ˿£˿¶ƽõǳɫ˫쵽Ժ󣬶ֲڵ鷢
̱ãȫ¶ʱǸˡ
·Щ˼̽飬ЩеΪȻ۾
ǣЦ
ֻųˣҪһʦֵӰӣôȥˣǸ
ջߣеǧƻ
ǸôģҪչ˵ͬŵӰˡ

ŵӣʵǱȽģлһ·ҵͬŵĿջûбֳʲô
ĬԵͨʿһ׵Ϊøɸɾһ·϶ֻһϺ͸۳ʱлزһ˲оϷɽۻΪ
ûվȡ
Ϊ˱ⷢͬŵ˿ֻŵ¹ʣлذ˽еһ䷿Ÿǽ

ʦ棡
лأ
ûİڿĳϣȺ˾Ȼ뻬
ԱһŬݵˣһʱ䲻֪ԼδѣȺ̫š
ͬţˡ
԰лؿһۣͬҿСʦ岻ô̾ˣ˵д˭ԲǣǾͱˡ
죿
ţСʦҲҪȥؾ
໥ӣ̫ˣ²Ϊȫⵣˣ
ؾգδܻס࣬»ԼСġؾڲͨ;пռ۵ʱ⵹һȥ˲һټ档
ʦ棬ǽɡ
ǰʦ棬ǴûȥֵطǰɽʦʦҲû飬ûȥѧͽɡ
һ٣ʲô
ؾҪȫڲġߣлӦôˣǲжһ
һȺ˺ü˫۾һͬлء
лһãȻţҴ𣿡
ʶǱ뵽ڣ
̫Ϊֲ㣬ȥβҵ
лأȻĴˡ
ǣʶ̽ʲô
Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
˵õĴ﷨Դ˽ܵأ
ʵ⵹ˣԷ֪ȫΪⱾġ
лز֪ó̶Ķ˳֮󣬾ͽ˸ϳ˷䡣
˸˵Ҳ֪ʿ϶Ҫ˯仹Ҫġ
¥ջƹ࿪䷿һԿ׵ݸɱ̣¥ˡ
Сʦ𣿡
һȺ²ͬãȻ̧ͷ׷ҡͷû
ո߳ȥˣҪ濴
ʦֲ£ظҲ̫ˡ
ºͲ£ǰ߽СʵΡǡͬĹػлҡҡͷ̾ǰ
ʱһںӱߣлعʹشӿջ˳ȥԺһȦ
ݶϿ
Сʦ塣лͷ´ŵˣֻѹɤẰ˼ԷԿŰɣ
ƳһֽۣͶԶ
֪òţôиŵĵطɣ
лؼ˵ɲ
޷ֻýԿ׷ڵϣˣð
˵ͻݡ
⼸Хס¬лȥ˽˻ϻͬס
óϣЩˡ
ֱҹĽⶳʱлزСʦʰħš
л˵
ڶ
0ǰдܼһ໣


38 
, ȴһƬ˪
С࣬ƴĿ⣬ڷʣµ, 䵭÷·ڿһˡ
лرϺ, ˾, ŵһ飬δϸ룬˹ȥСʦ
˸ŷֳһ
лأ
Сʦȵģϵĺȴ㹻ɱˡ
лæɿ˯Ѿȫ, н˵Сʦ, Хһ·δʲô, ԡ
֪ħޣ
ƽƽ, ȴлҭסˡлظתͷǡÿХһŵľȡ
Լû뵽Լᱩ¶, ϧл, ȷ١
ԭûţ˵ûôŵģҹȴǲò̯ˡл, ӲͷƤµ, ʵһֱȷ, ȻСʦˣ˵û´
㵹Ǵɫʵصһ, 󻰷һת,Ȼô, ѵ֪ħޡֵĺ壿
֪л˼ŸôǲŲԼ뷨Եùڴ治
ХĬΣȻصһ򣺡ǰХδ캦֮£ð뿪ħԨֻΪѰһζҩֻǰҶգѰҩԻԾϡ

ҵĵ¡ز꣬ΨϼΡħԨ֮£ǧûϼĵطʵûˣšХɬ°ݣݽҪŵؾǵ괺ʿĶȥ
Сʦ塣лغػһǹЩֺõЦͰ͵
һɫ˫۾һˮƳһۣȻһ˪ɫϣˡͬ˵ʲô
лر㽫ʶХḶ́Լһ·Ĺ۲춼˵һ飬˵˵ĻͶ˵Ĳ޶£˲ϸڣġ˽Եħɱ޹Ѫ⣬Щһ˵¶δҾýΪħޡ־̣ЩƽοﻹиҩأһʬСʦ壬˼
һħ˵ʲôʱţ
ƺҲм˰ɡ
ۣһ
ƽ

ôˣ
лػ˵ʲôȴѶһ䡸Աúõʿ٣ɾšų˸ϣ·Ըлص
תͷԹñͦХǴؾȷǴʿĶûвûϼݡʿһõϼݣֱ˲ͬĲˣȥмأҽ飬Ҳ֪¡
һ仰Х׵ˤ£Хֻ춼ˣôôҵ
С
Х͵̧ͷ
ǰƵģ߲ԾطŶ˵ʲô
ö˵һ̧֣һڱڵĳȷɫƾճֻ֡ǸХһۣһָһбÿһ
Х۾ֱˡ
СһҪһҲУشҼ⡣һδħԨӳģ
лæ֧䡣
˭ʱȴһۣ㻹ߣ
лأ
Сʦ壬лر΢ʵҾͲ𣿡
γħԨ
ʵ⻰ͺлһҪôƵġ
Ļɲ޵лǸоһ˿΢ĲˬƢǺãȴȫûƢָʱ׼ˣҲǺ桭ȳȥˡ
ߵſڣųȥûܳȥȥǷڡ
лؾȵػͷȣһΣȴˡ

λСʦ壬ƺеɡ
ֱܿ
ѽͶХХ˵ӡˣȴЧԽΪ΢ܵԽ͡ҡҰԼ⸱ӣΪ˴ӷӡķ϶м
˼Ϊ
ء
ԼΪѹڣһηӡΪֻʣ죬ϸлΪҪ͡
ʣֵô
ֵõġﲻˣҲûҪٻˡХЦһħԨ֮ʲôӣҲڣҲž׺
šÿɷ񣬻һתХǻ񾳣
ԭĻǵġ
ˣ
һʮߡ
á˵ҵĵڶǣǰһȥħԨ֮£๬һ
Хһ
֪¡
˭֪ХʣʱħԨӡѳɣһʿһʿȴݵش򿪷ӡħԨħ˭֪£˭Ū򿪷ӡܣƫƫƫƫ˭Ҳ򲻹ֻؿȥ硣˶񣬡ͬϤʱҵΪԶԶվǰʸûСѵĸͬԵǺѣ˵Ҫȥ๬ر֮¡
˵ʲô
ǺöȴҲǡ޷ûطѽһȡģҲҲиƢõСȡɣֻ֪Щ
Х˵꣬Ͱ͵ؿǰ
û
ˣһ˫ۿŵ棬ȴûо㡣лؿХŵȴе̲ͦסСʦ壿
ͻȻʧЦ
Цö̴٣쵽Цݱʧˡ̧ۣȷɫĻУ׸Х
ХӹȷǵȷһƷϼѵϼݣüۼ˶յɫôɢˡ
˹֣ǰҩж֪ɷ

м֪ԪܴᷴʵΪ½ٶ㣬ʣԪһ磿
Х㶣Ǵ㵣ȻЦˡ
Ǳ㲻˰գԭʹκòҲûжɻͬͬͬҲһ׮
Цó죬˼ֻʿǡۣٿǱذɡһħޣϿϼݣħȥ
ߣХͷӦʣұȥ⳵
лգۣȥô㸶⳵Ǯ
ǰһʣԭɷΪ˼֮ԸȥӵĳԽԽ٣ڳǳ۾ʣȻ̫ȥ
Х⾪جģ˶סˣǡô죿
Ͷ˼䲻Ϥ⳵лǶĿȾ֪ġ
ͷĽأ
ŶлһƽƽĳС
Х˽
һ룬ͽһӴײ˳ȥлؿһ棬Хצ֫壬ԼΪܾԲ˫ۡ
ûˡ
лأ
գǵĺ˪ڻµˮĳɫĶƺɢˣ˻񣬺Ȼתͷ
ҵ֪ڵ˴󵨣Һħһͬͬס
лأ
лغȻ˸䡣
Ľˣ䡣
㲻⣿
֪˵ʲôлʵ˵ʦƣ˵ܱɽǰҡʦҼҵħͼıصסһݣܱȻͬǿҲֻӡ
ûҲûб飬лؾǾĿгЦ
⳰ЦúеϾлΪȷʵ£Խ˵Խ飬һּš
Ӣۡ˵ȿͬŰΣֿǶħǷƽΨԼ޵ǡ˽ô
ܺ⣬л֪ڳ̲ס˵Ҳǲܿǡ
ˣлʣСʦ壬ոΪʲôҪ˵ԪܴǾ仰ħԨӡʱԪ˵𣿡
ᡣ
ǡ
ΪԪ
ʲô
л͵̧ۣǸԪ񣿣
û
ʲô֪ĵǿħǰ˯ú޷ȻģǾͽҪڶľдʮ飬Լӡһ磬Ҫ 
л˵
·һѲ֪ܲܶ³٣

㿴㣬Ųͺħһ˯ûʲôָָ㣩


39 
ҪǱǳ顣
лرŲԤзᵽһ, ˿ҳٿɫ¶, Ծʹ˳ƽˡ
ǲܳġ
˵, ֱӳġ
ô, ƾһֻ֣Ҳδܳһ顣
ǲ
ֱ˯
ǲõܽˡ
ʿƢãԸúøŻǿŵϡ
ô죿
лǸܻͻˣ¥ǸؽѵС, ˼Ҫһֽʻ, ص
ʱ, ҪʹԼĸ֪Ƶ¯еĻ¶, ԼֲϵͶʱںڸ֪ʹñʦҪ¡
֪˵ʶĳ̬֪պԪӤҲа, Щ, лشδ¹ϰó
ø֪Ҫëʣ󽫡Ҫ̯
ʿ, ϰԪšԪǱˡ֮, , ǧ򻯡
ڱһľ󡪡
лǰĴ̺ƴһ飬һֽ̯, ÿֽƾһ֧, 뻮һĶֽд, ī֭㶼ֺ
ԼţͷϵС֣ƶĶǰıʱдĶ
ֻܰһյ͵ţоΡ
á
¶һ˿ǰʱлسһҲŪҪдԭ
˵ǣֻҪһʿ㹻ǿųԪܱһ
ΪǡХӦʲôطѹˣϣԪΪӦͱһ¡
Ҫ̫ˣЩʮңԶݣǰлضûúÿѧղѹҪ𷣡
ô𷣻ͦġ
ֻüëʹõһлؾͿӴڽˣæõֽʰ׼ݽ
֪ʹø֪ʲôΣҿ㻹вҪ
л֣Ӿǡˡһ£æʹø֪ԣ߿ܾʹ˳մҽͬ˵Ҽŵģע⣬Ӧûȡ
ﻹ룬֪ʲôƺֽ׵ķʽд˵ֱҽˣȣ
лأ
ź֪ʶԼе룬Ǹϵġʦ˽С

һ󣬴һѲҪ龳ʱݣȻȻͻ֪淢¡֣ǡýס˵µлء
ڳŲסε˵˯ˡ

ڽӻش֮ǰлصļǣһ١
ζԣҲ̫񡭡
ǡĻ˶лߵ߷¡
ͷۣƵŵһֽϡ
ǰͷּ㹤Խд棬Ǹ֪֧Ųˣּʲ
ҲΪˣǰּܿķ񣬺ԽԽƮԽԽ񡭡
ǵã֪̽ļлͬ˵ġһλʿ֡ͬµķ
ǰͷķ⣬ġлԭּɡ
ʦԸѣдֵͣһʱиرĻȡ
һعͷ
ڱ⣬лӰλʱӰӰ´¡
𣿡
ݼŽĻ
ٿɡ

л۵ʱ򣬾ͿһϤһش󺰣ظ磬̫ǿˣ
ôģܲ˵ôȡȡ¬˫۷Ź⣬߸˵ʣʦ澹Ȼ˵ҪָǹΣ˵飡
ԻЩʹлûǵĻʲô
Ϊʲô˯һˡ
ʦǴ˵Ȼͬ·ȥݣԺǰеĹΣ顣ɱںͣ˵ǡȻܻȫûĸʿһӶڱģһ·Ҫиѧϰ
ʦҲ̫ˣԸΪǷֳʱ䡪
ǰﶼܲȴظ߹ȻûҪĽˣ
ʦ濴ָ㣡¬𼤶öˣʱһСֱҶֲ֪ԾëĸоҵʱооΣգȴһ㷴ľͷʦ沢ûңǱҵĽűߡ֪Ϊʲô۵ܻӭˣʦĽ⣡Ҹ˵ƾ޶۵ӣͽôһ£ֱӳڣ
ۣ
ҲҪʦָ㡭
ԴʦµĹΣ϶лģ
ԣ

л
һԽԽùŹ֡
¬ÿ״򲻶糿һ㶼ڿջԺջĹ죬ԺӾлش¡
ε֮ʱ£˶ã
Ǿ䡸ҿ㻹вҪлؾ;ѹִġ
ûʹ࣬ʿԼҲҪôԸֳָСأÿ˶˷ܵúܣĦȭƵء׼Լϵ⣬һ̡
Ϊ˵ͬһǰݣʵϲڶ
ٶȣһȥʱ³ڴǰǳ¡
վǰУÿ䣬Щʱ䣬ΪӴɡ
Сӵǧٹ֣ûʲôѶȣ˼ܴϡ
٣ôҲȽģʦ˾̫񣬳лû˽⣬һϻ̳Ͽ֡м㡣
лؾͱȽܲˣ׷ʦҪ⣬ûʣȻͷ
Χڡһŵĵӣ˲ǿҪô족ĵ⣬ʱһлҲЩ
Сʦ壬лغ˵
Σ޳ɴ߲ΪѰЩʿĴǻ
Ȼֳʮ
лˣԲСʦ壬Ҵˣһȡ׷λʦʦֶ
Ȼ治ܷлؾͿʼԱ
ʿǴСģƾʲô˾װư
û뵽ỹ汻ȵˡ
ǰ˵Сǧٹ֣ͳϵ⡣
һ¬ġ
Ҵɽ˼ҸĲϴԼĽ֪ʦûʲôý飿
ıɡ
ǣ¬ţ̣ҼʶʦĽ𣿡
˺һ
˵ûԼĽ
¬𣺡
ûϺġ޵Ľֹֽţĵıȱġ
ǣӽ̻塣
⻰Ȼ󲨣һڵ˭Ҳû뵽ʦ澹ȻûԼĽ
ûнҲǵһĽޣ
ǿ
˾ˣ
лؿϵı仯

ڶϪ
һڵ˵ȥݵԭ򣬲̫ģһֱû褵·ʲô
ϪȴǾ˺ü죬ʵڱﲻסڽʣʦ棬Ҹû𣿡
ħ˵㣬δزǺ¡
ħǿĹպֻкô
ԼԼսûܰæ
ЩʶϪ֪̲סʣǡûʲôȹħĺ÷
ʿһҪħ˻һ˶ϴʦľ顣
˺һŵҲ֪
ϪګګĪʦûоħ𣿡
δȹ

ɣ˾ûӰֻһȺ𺳵Ըӵĵǡ
ɱૣʦΪ˸ħ𣿡
Ҳͬħˣ˵
治֪ħŻ
˵ˣϪɥɥֹңʴ⡣
ôʴҲǹֳ
ǹԼҡϪ̾˿ʦ滹ʲôħžǡǸɣ
ͬʱ¶ˡĶı飺ҲԣǸɡ
ô𣿡лؾͺƣҾСʦʵôᵽ⣬ով͸ʰˡ
л˵
ʱ£ץȥɻˣ
²ģĻд= =


40 
˼ǡʵһֱ´, ʦǷûôִţ
лأûô˵
˵ἰûϵˡл̾˿, ,˵, ֪֪Сʦæʲô
֪
ʦ²̽
˼˵еҲﲻæҲûðɣ
лأ
лأĲԼСʦȱǸողŸǴɡ
ôһ˵
е
ǣҪȥʦ棬᲻Ƕ°λ룬ҪиΪҵºܶ, ˵һ, ͻȻʲô, һܲ
ԷҪûΪĵأлͬš
һʱ
ĬƬ, Էεͷ˵ˣԲظ硭
ûǵ˼ͻȻСʦû, Ҿһᡣлҡҡͷ, ĵԼҲûʸȥСʦ塣
̲ס롣
ʦʦֶ뿪ԼСʦšͦ¶İɡ
Ϊôߣעû˻Ϊ˵ϲŭ, ҲֻС
лһ¿˿ǡ
ͻȻʶ, ֻв̵ķ, Żرע
Ͼ⼸˳ʰ˲ŵ
лػصԼ, ̾һ, ʹǰ
, СʦҲǷ飬ݶΪ֪ʶģͷ㲻ϣӣǸĳˣ˼뾳Ҫһ㣬ܺСʦƽϡ

һҹҹ
ΪһСͿ̿ʿȷ̫ùߵ˯Ϊˣлʱг飬ҹﶼûú˯
ƣ͸е⣬ֻҪһڣ˯ζûʱΣǸΣ
ܲȥ˵Сʦ壬⣬˯νŶǹƻᱻɨسš
͡
ף̾
ʵͦìܵġ
ЩдҵǶģͬŶ֪رա
ʱ࿼Уÿ״򲻶ڳ΢ʱճдҵ
ʱſڽʱǴʿеĿջ˵˻ԵסһλʿĽŲ
֡رաкôʵڽ˳Բ
лشϲ֣ΪڡëΪ͸֧εΪ˲˯ͣ˺ܶ취
ǶλСʦʱڡж͡޷ޡ֮ǻڴŻҪһ¶ͬ顣
ڣЧʮܼܿҵǰˡ
Ҳţǰһ£л̲סһ䣺Сʦ壬ÿȥôæʲôҪ𣿡
ڿ̧֣ۣһ
лأǲ𣿡
ħԨӡˡ
֪Ѿɽû˲֪ˡ
һֱѰƷ޲Ǹ󡣡濴ĴҪæ𣿡
лأ
лأԲҲʵġ
Ĵء
µͷ
ÿ߶лسдܾͣãһʼлػΪԼãд̫ǵˣû˵ʲô
Ӧǿȵĸ֪ʹԺͻʶذд㡣
Ȼֵʱ𽥾ˡ
ĺܲ
һˡ
Сʦ壬лصŵеˣ۾˵дûĻȥ˯ˣ
лءͻȻ
ţ
㼸ꣿ
лһ㣬һ²˵ʮ
Ҫ˼Ժܻش𣿡
Ǵʿͺ񡭡лش˸ǲǡУӹûô
ֵǶԭˣ
ӦǰɡһлؾûʲôˣҰ񵽵ңڶԭӤӦǶԭ˰ɣ
Ӥһ飬Ҳ˵㲻֪ĸ˭
š
֪ˡ
ǡȥ˯ˣ
š
лĪ߻شߡ
ǰ룬ǲǲ̫˽Ӵе͡
˵ΪԽʿ̫Լǲǹ¶зű޸ĸʵģ
СʦʵȻǿ
Ȼ˳졣
ܿ˯ˡ
ǺƽŴֽҳ̧ڴš
¶Բϡûô

һУԶԶظǰ褸һ̶֧ӣѡ·߼ġ
ǰ֮Ǳݵؽ硣
ݶɽؽȥǻдУֲűȶԭֵشҪʢߵĶɽС򳣳ɽڣϤε˳תʱջϲ
ĵκܶ˵ˮƽһʱ˶಻ԣлػãΪɱˮƽȶġ
Ƕ˵ɽͳռʳĵĺõط
·رɽ·ʱ̶ӲܰʱҵջʱСʿҲø¶Ұ⡣ҲΪеһ֣οлظԵñڿջĵöࡣ
Ȼлغܿ췢һֵ¡
ԴӽݷΧͲȥҴңոǵĶСʱ϶˸ˣôҲӣлˣַʱһ䣺Сʦ壬ҪԷ𣿡
Ƴһۡ
֪ΪΣܶԷûб仯лĪڿɵӡ
ϻˣлػҲһ䣺ԳζвٱٹʦϲСˡ
㵱ǶϷü
ҵл˵¡ʳסС顢壬ȹÿһ룬ʳǵڶҪ¡ǲܺúóԷȹʲô˼
ĵ
Ҳлض˶٣ûϸͦϲġ
ţٶһ졣
Ȼܸáõػţͺúɡ
֪ʲô˲ʸϲ統Լĵô
лһ㶡
󰮼项ҲȰ㣬ʿǧǧѭıá֡
лûӦʲô
˵˵ҳ

ֱ˷лػЩز
òʻȷʵûܿλȾıһоŷϸʡ
˵ǡһҲȻ
ϾüĿԷĶҲ˶ַš
󰮼项лһ߳ԣһĬ֡
˵ԭ
仰Щ졣
ըҵһֶեģǰùͲե͸㣻ɽԵģΪ衹
ʵɣȺеȣۣǷֳܿ죬ҲȽϾӲһȺꤵСʿǵķɽź
ɽüɹԵЩлóĹĥۺˮϣըƤüֹӵĹպϡ
˶Եú⣬ΪҲڳԷΣѽԼĲʺƨʱȫȥը񣬶ӱƽʱԵøԲˡ
Ա㣬ǸϢġ
ûãŷֽ׷ɻɱֽ׵ĳɻ̶֧ӾȻҹ·
ʰߵлأʲô
ǳ극·ɱҲⲻ⣬̶֣֧ӴӲҹ·İ
⸽ʲôöҪҹ뿪𣿡¬䣬ʶؿ
ɻ󲻽ĵطǵʦ档
ճһڣԵøɸɾȹǴ³
̧ͷƺǶ˼һ¡
ûʲôֻһ档˵꣬߶ĿɿڴˣһԵлأʲô
лأûʲôóô
⼦ͷеҲ̫ʵ˰Сʦ塣
л˵
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ͻҵģʦ֣Ļ£ڵһλ

ǲܶģд̫ˣд30СʱҲûô˯дöȽһٵģһᲹ


41 
ȻǺóԵġ
ͦûԶ, Ź֭ŴͻƤԼµϸ, һζڸнеİ
Ҳ
лע⵽, ݵطſһ, ʶؿԶ
Ǹ̶ȥķ
ʲôлʡ
عƺǾ⻰еɵ滹ʲô
ʲôûУ̶Ҳҹ뿪ˡл˵Сʦ壬ķǷڵλðɣ
ܺ棿
Ҫô˵ص, ˭ɣ
лգգۡ
˭һ, һ, Ȼڿնлٿ۾, ͷȥЩʰͬѻΪеһС㡣

ܿ죬ͣлѾЩͬ, ܵķ羰ȫһ, Ҳ֪̶̼ɳȥ˶Զ
˴滷ɽֲͬмһƬسŵĶǲݡлصһۿﲻ̫, ϸϸֱ˺ü, ȻʶЩа˸ߡ
ڿ, 䵽Ӧ޷˴ȫò
ǡ棿ĶĶ
ЩĪ
ȫȻûע⣬Ӧһ, ʼ·, βŵܾǰ, ǡ
л㶣ǰ
ǰ
Сʦ塭лض˶٣ꡭ
Ƴһۣȥ̫
ĬƬ̣˵˵ˣʲôûС
ǣлػ˸ʷ﷢ʲôΪʲôӣ
ɷʴǴúܿ죬һ꣬ɷнڵΪһʼû˷
ɷжʵģԽǾԽֱӱɷơ
ǳԼûʶԼɷֻƢԽ粻ģʼɳоסļıŴ۶ĳ֮λΪǿ
ȱģǳһҡǼʿҪԾΪ˶ǷˣԳ֮λʵûʲôȤۣŷ紵ݶɳɳˣΪһ츳׿Ķӡ
лأ
ܺã죬ϸڴ̫һͬһ
ԭħް߶һ䡣
ʲô
ûʲôлҡҡͷСʦ壬ǻȥɡ
ˣ
лҡͷҡòףҲҲڰ
һۡ
лæҡͷʾԼʲôҲû
ջߣħû
Ŷ
˸˵ħ޲Ầˡ
Ŷ
ⲻСӺ޷ͬһħͬͬסɡ
أ
лرݺҭһ£Լոôһͬ˷ѱ顣

Ǽ˱ɱ֮ѪҺȾſڵʯףöϴ
˸ҷ˵ԭĹҲʲôòһˡ
еһձһոѹȻһ˳ף뿪Ͱ˼ңڱ˲ĳȴ޷Ųѣֻܼβ
ȥʯϵѪɫ˾סľڳӲݣһգһص˴˴
ǱɱǼˣ򸾵Ķӣұһ·˾ߣ֮гɣҪ
˵⺢ӻʱ˲͵Ϊֳһսսңѡһƽͬս
һսĽҪ޷һʿʿڷ˵Уཨķݱ٣ۿžҪջֲҩ֡Լһ죬ųһɷҲɺüܽෲ˵塣
ͺֲܿˣ밡һ췢ôೡװЩϪ˵£ﻹŵԸԸ⣬ˣľͷˡ
ΪʲôǸɷ¬Ȼ֮ǰǱλصǰ
лأ¡
Ŷ¾µʱ򣬲Ǽһͽɷô¬˵Ϊǳе˲ôɣ
ϪҡͷҲ֪¶Ĵ˵ԺǱ߾ûȥˣ˸ĵءʵûʲôϵ˵СǱ߼й֮󣬡˵Сͳ˷ԲڴҵĹʶˡ
ֵ£ɱ˵ĳǱҲϰʲôСȥǱ棿
в֮ˡϪԹϳԵö࣬֡
л˵Ҳʱеʿ֪ɷĴͬ˵ɷҪڼʱԼŻ᳹ʧǳǽڡһŵӦҲˮƽ
пܡ¬ͷ˼ʶ٣Щ²
Ҳһ֪˵֮ǰܺʦʦ㱻ͻʦġɱ̽һ䣬ƷʦҲ֪ôŪ
һ̶ҹеԭŪˡ
ֻǡ
ˣܼǵôϸڣԣӦз֮ʹɡ
лزǸǿˣûʹޣù飬ĪģǱһ¡
˵ıܡ

պһ˽
ǸСȴؾ༯ˣ⣬ӷɽ
˵ؽ硣˵һ䣬š
Сԭô˵ʦع涨أ
ȰһλʦǰȻǺ£Ƿ׷׸ȥԱһһ䴵˲ʺƨƽǲ̫ǵģȻһ䣺ǾȻ֪ô
ˣ֪
˭֪
û˸ǣ
óʷˡû˵лذѡŴ¼ǡ
лأ
һ仰û˵
ʱлҲϰˣɽΪԼʱºİһЩлһǲ빼ѵĺ⡣
֪ռŵ£Ͷˣû뵽ΪӺԼͬŵĹߡ
ôʹ
ҵסĵطҾҡл˵

סĵطңͬΪСľƽʱŲ࣬ѰһȦֻҵҿջҶסˡ
̶ҪȥһĿĵأͣ褱˶顣Բ̶һ·λүѧһЩĹûֺҪСȷ
ҪҰӪһ뿪̶ӺԼûӪþߣҲǲ⡣
Ϫͬͬûطסʿ˻
ô죿ɱʣڳӪô
ȿסĶɡл˵ҵ׷ٷû뿪̫Զ
һۡ
лأǣ֪һúϰġ
ʿĻܸϺԶ·һЩ˲Ը⽫ͣ鷳㣬סԶһЩʿȥ
ڳ˺ü˶ˣҲȷʵûиõķӣӲͷƤͬɢһǰط
һ·ûúϰʱϷɽЩҲ̶áɢûЦ˵Լᡣ
ֻζ޷
ߺлһ˾Ҳ㻻طƽʱӪⲻ󣬵ʦ沼ҵҪκͱī
͵ú
ĬĬ꣬Ҫȥǣ
ô˵ģô𣿡
ҡͷͦܵġ߰ɡ
еԶټְæһ˵ʱҹĻѾ١
һֻۣǷǳǵƣˡϸҵط١
лظоԼ׷ٷڳһҿջͣǳĿջסҲࡣΪ˲褣ڸ˼ҿջס£˵㶫ͲԼ߽ͬлصķ䣬׼ʦ沼õĹΡ
ĶҲûȥŽݡ
ڳôôŤһֱ໥ʹɫ¬ŵһ䣺ʦ棬첻𣿡
רעʲôվڴߣ߿Ĵ֣֪ʲô
һ룬¬Լ˵˻ˡ
ɴ۾ԼĲӣȷʵǱ˽
ͺòҡ
һͬһЦܣ˭ûãǼҲ˵˻ˡ
ػ¬ʼЦ
лر֮üȥŪΣ̲סʣСʦ壬ǲǺ˵㣿
ڻͷ
лһۣĮȻҲһ
лҲ˵ˡ
лóдŵӣƴˡһڣĬĬ룺ƨ
л˵
˵˽£ϸڲһ35£
²ģ
ıͲǷһģд

ѿʦͽСƪ໣ȱСԿ
Ҳʦޡby᣻
ؽɴʦ츳ߣɿݣһŮʿˡ
иܡ
Լʦ
ؽ˺һ£䣬ΨԼ״۰мӡ
ʦصѶʦİĽ֮˺ܶꡣ
ֱһ죬֪һܡ
ʦǧ¯֮壬ɽٷʱ˫ޣⷴɣ߻ħ
ϻʦţǡõ֪ʦչƿΪش
ԼʦǷ԰׿Ĳݣϧʦ𣬵ӿ԰㡣
˺棿
⣺˵
֪ԭ¯֮岢ֻ档
ﲻô˵ģ
1Ϊͽx˹


42 
ڽ, Ҫǳд½ڲ㳤ֵ꣬ҹлûɢ
дʱ򲻶, һŶе궯
, ǵһµطԼȥתת, ϾҲǵһ뿪ԭʲôʡ
˭Ҳȥҵ˼üŪۣѳֽлϣһϹֺõЦݡ
лأ
ֲǵ裡
˵ɡ
̾ǰվ
վڴ, ûŲλ, Ҳû, ֪ڿʲôлߵǰ, ûתͷ룬ִĸ첲
пյĴле⡣
ڽת
лæָָԼ졣
ø, ҿˡû, ǵֽֽŲش⡣
лأ
Ȼʶԭƾʶ, Ҫ顸ҵĻҪֽΪʲô״򲻶ĳд
ʦ, 컹бĹ𣿡¬еļ, һ仰ڶ
˵ʶ֪ʱ, һ, ¶ϲɫ,ʦ棬ܳȥ𣿡
šûлͷǽ졭֣Լע⡣
Ү
˻Źлأظ磬ߣǳȥ䣡
лأ
ֻüͷһֱۣŹϣҲûж

ʦƢԣǲǵġעⰲȫģֻǡע¡
ɽһȺ˾ͽʦŽ̻壬δŵʽװɱ̸ÿһµطҪȥȹӡһ࣬ҲϰˣΪһûǣļܵ¯ࡣ
Ϻõʮȫ裬ǿ壬ǧƷʯһţвβûΪ
ɽٷɽٷźüۣƷʱϡ
ҹ˺̯ܶ࣬вʿվдģȻҲСԸϹġ
Ϫһ߿һ߾̾Ҳ
֣мλʦ֣⽻׵¡ǼλʦּﶼԼĵ̣ҹϰ̯л˵˵褸˵һ·ڣҲһ𣿡
𣿡ϪûǸҵ˼άһʱת˼
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һ˴ǰߣȻһλͬͣ½Ųĳ񡭡ܶ˳Ǳȥ
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ţ˳ƶķˡ
һĿջ
졣
ϪͻȻӦⲻ޵Ŀջô
ͬ쳤ӳ￴öഩʽװʿ
һȺʿڿջڣվţγһȦսӲˡ
ŵӺɢûͳһ׵ʽ£ЩţԼΪؾصظлس濴˲ٻ̲ͬʽʽ£ΪؾϹŻͦࡣ
һ࣬Ҫ״СŴӸÿԼҵؽ綼˵һĴڣõĿջһңޣⲻ˳
ＸүС㣬ŵɽбĥƽǣһֻҪеطžͺˡϪССߵ¬˵Ҳ⣬ǼͷʿֲҪ˯ĻϯҲνɣ
¬û˵һԼĪʮĴˣλҲɢްɣɢνЩŵӺܺӵѽ˵ΪǼ£Ϊؾŵ²أ
˵žͰʲôÿؾܴĶޣĺöҪɫһ߶һ顣
ʵǸǳѧʶĴ塣
£Ǵﶼŵÿˣʿһ֣ƿջҪѹƶԾϡóŵмλϸߵӣͷųѹЩˣΧȺڵİΧȦ˲١
ֳصĿԾѹܣ˴
˸ȺˣϪѹøˣλ˵ģЩȫ֯мɣǿ϶ǰһˣ
һͬЩϧ뿪㣬ôǿ褣һʲôǵ»һ˵һ·ʶҲȫջ񡣡
¬ЩԾԾԣɢޣҲֿܷȰɣȻЩɢ޾
ɱ̣
ɱ̺ѣǣԼɢ𣿡
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¬𣺡Ȼ
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ʦֲƤ
һȺ˼Ҵ˳ȺƵסȥʦ棡
һֱû˵лأ
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Ŵ򿪣¬Ϊ׵Ķлصķ䡣
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վǸŴ⣬ɫĮȾ˪
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⾰˲Ծ¬ֹס˽Ųŵ˷񱻵ͷһˮʼǵΪǷס
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лأ
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˵ͺֲܣ䡣
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43 
һ, ء
лؾüرŷȥľӦȽϿ죬æСʦ
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ʮӺһȺ´ŴӳڽĿջ⡣
ֱӴסĴڷɳģȺСҲֱӴ˳ǷɣȺ⡣
ĵǳʽȻע⣬ȺδƷ, ·ԷԶó·
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ΪǸʮֲǣÿÿ
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滹ڳ
ʮ۾һ, ôͲڴӵˣ
ҾɽׯӵĻʿأǰ;, Ҫôˣ
˶λѣҿһЩɵСó
˵ûɵĵӲȥ𴦣
ǽȥʱĪرʸ֮, ڱΧ
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ʱ߽ȥġ
ϲƫǸ˳Цرڵ˶ü赭дƳ˶Էһۣ˺Ц㿨ɤ
˭ҲûǺ˺ʱµģԵʿһֵŲĴ߶˿ջſڡ
˵Ŀⶼ˳Ķתͷ
ˣ褱ɫ
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СûǰţΪ಻ߣԼĪڵӣԴϲ㳯лص
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֮˱һ˸ղŵ¡
Щ£лأ
һ;УĶ࣬Ѫȱǳ̬
лزûʿɱ˵ľ󣬴ӺܶǰǿԼŤת˹ھܰοȺܳүСǣ޷СʦӦͬº֡
֪ҲǻẦ¡¬˵һתĺÿᰡʦûԼĽҲǿʲôʱȻýʵ廯
ɱ̣
ѵϣǵøոʦ˵Ļ
¬𣺡ľ䣿
ɱ̣ҪˣҪɱɱĽ̻壬ɵüǺˣ

뽣ͬرģԽԽ
߻ħɱ޹Ҳв١
ӦǺܵʦܵġ
ͷлת˵˻ѩϤ֮ҹҲˣлشӱ˵ķǳԼݡ
ûƣڵúܣʿĿлһ͸оԡ
ˡ
ûϸ룬ԷѾ˿ڡ
ʦ桹ոΪôУ

л㶣Щдµıܴʹһػش𣺡ΪƾճһҲ̫ŵˡ
мžƬ̣һ̴ٵ
Ц֪ЦлؾӦǴ
ͬʦִԼĵ
ƽȻô
Уû䣬Ӧûл
лţʣǡʦ桹ǡСʦ塹
лأʲôôǳ
û𣬲
ʲôû˵
лص˺һҲûȵԷ˵̽غСʦ塹ȴ˲֪ʱѾˡ
лأ
оֵֹġ
ʵﶼֱġ

ͦģﲻأ
л˵
ģ
˯ˣ

µʱе⣬Ǳעˣ
µ·ȡrollģײɺ


44 
лû̫·, ԼĽ࣬ѵý಼óдҵϴ˴
˳Ρ
μϲ, ÿлμĵص㶼һ
ֱ֪ܲĶ, Ϊд͡Ͼǰʱ, ȥﶼòСĿʿһһ½Կȥá
ȥ˸ĵطɽʯ, ɽ֦̽Ĺ, 羰
лúÿʱ, 㱼˭ں, ˹
˵ȻûУֺġ
ҹʹʿĳҲȰ찲, лһҴҵĽŲ, ȥǱң
ͦģлߵߣƿ, һζĻѡ
ڵĴҲ, Ϫ¬Դ濴, Цش˸кظ磬û˯
ˡл˵
˯ô
лҡͷ
ǡͬ,ǹ
š
һӲ, ¬Ϫл
ԭȿ, ҹģҲ֪˭ʧôĶ
ûӣӴƮһŻƷΧŵϡ
ֽдŰ˸֣ؾ¥
ؾ
ʲôЦ˭֪ؾ翪Ϣˡ
¬һӦ˶磬ʱŽϺšСѱ项ߣ˭һɵӰû
лںɰͰ͵غ¬𡣡
¬ͷҲأظģһֶ˾ɵ
лأСʦ֡
¬𣺡
¬ػصԣװԼû
Ϫ͡һüŪۣ𣬶˵޸Ҫģ佾꣬òѽ
¬бһۣԹҪǶ˵ĵֻǸ
˺ˣлشԲСʦô˵ĵȥʰһ£׼¥ɡ
ûɶҪʰġ
Ҳǰ
û˯ƷһֱװǬɽ֮ϡ
лؾ͸ˣֽ߬¥¡
ҹջû˵ģСͨںС˯Ҳֻиո¥ͬŶѡǵһѩӶˣȴͬû¥
¬𣺡Ҳɶ˰ɣ
пܡ
˷ͷ£˴¥Ͻ
ǼʱɫЩΣ¬Ǻöˡ˵ʱжѣͻԵòôˡ
ȥϪȥʱϪǱıģˣ֪ʲôĥҶĬؼװûս
˶ˣʣµǡ
ʦأ

׼룬ʱ˴С
ɽׯ˸ˡһ˵ȥѰؾڣײɶؾ磬ؾĿʱ䡣Ǹ
һô˵ͲԼǰˣû̫ãһȺ˾ͱųڽ⡣
ǵ磬ܿ½ҲдʽµĵһȺһȺǰĴ³֣ͷڲԶȴżʽؾ
ʧˣһͬСǳǰðŵ·ϵģ
ɽͲʽƺĳϰߣ֮Ƕﴩʽµֻѩӡ
ǶλεģԼŵķͷ
ʲôСʦ岻Ҳûлؿοǣġ򡹣ʽ£㲻ĶһվҲʶ㡣
΢΢ۣһ˵úе
ƽʱ˵ϻǲģȻ˲ͷлؿһۡ
⻰Ƶġ
л治ɫлٻҲһʵų˶ͦġ
ͷŤ˻ȥ
¬һ͵͵Ц
ֳ½½˲ˡ
ʱܿʵĲˣʵǿŵõϢٶҲ죬þ͸硣
һȺžһȻǺѵĺѣװƵװƣﻰ⻹Ҫ̽ԷôܱԼŸ֪Ϣ֡ȴܰΪһֱԣһһ
Ⱦ¹⣬ʫġ
ͬλѩʦ⣬лس˼أ̲ס˵ʲô
ͬߡ
лأ
лأСʦ壬ɽׯǲϸ˳ͻǸţ
ţǸˡ
ǡǸšǡǸˡ
ǽϵλ
л㶣ӦǸˣܲǡΪǰѰؾڰɣ
Ҫô
벻⣬ȷʵҲû¡˵䣬Ȼ̧ۣڵİ֮С
·Ϊ˶Ƶģһ̣һĲɢټĻĵƾһ硣
Ե̹ιأֻа糤ĻĲݺȻ
л㶣ӽµӲоԼоĳⰻȻⲨ
ǡľϵ
λһлǲͻȻվ˳ؾҵҪ£ν
Ǽ֪Ѵ֣֮ȡԴָη䣿
ҿһһ
ǰǰѩӻ̫˽磬ݱķ߷Χǲô
αء
˵֣кһѿڣѿŤŴɢһ״Ķôͣڰա
ҪʲôԻȥȡ
ߡ
һ֣Ӱʧԭء
ʮһ
վԱߵ˶û壬ֻһ߾Ϳһ
˭ȥˣ
ոʲôŵˣ
áŰ
ʲô
ϸɽׯ˳ͻȺˣòòƻѩϵǳء
ʲôѩҲˣ
ǰ֪ΪʲôƺֻмСӣûӵˡ

λǡ
ʲôǲǵģ˽ȥˣߣ˺öˣ

˴ͷڳҲ಻סġǰߡ̣׷ǵţҲס
һʱƿ֮

лؾ;ͻȻ˱˺һ飬˾͵һط
ָоʶ룬ԭǵ롸þʱһ飬ӦǴԽʱͨС
ҽ˵ͣȱЩԣִŤͨ鵹ǸЩĽС

¿˿Ķ
ûӰǰû߶߶ͬȫˡ
Ҳڡ
𣿡Žлһȥöûյ
ûˣطܴ
ǰҲûζûжԭҲ񻰣лؾǰߡ
谭ͣ£ת˭һֱҲû·˵Щԥлػôһֱȥ
ԽߣԽϡܿµ·ϸСԲʯе̳ɵĶʯ·ǰΧľ¶Щߣܿģ
лؿᾹʯɽԻŴ̵Ĺɡ
ţ
Ϊʲôоô죿
лͣ룬Ȼ¶ȵı顣
ⲻոεĵط
Ҳ˵Ƕμ
ʲôؾĴֹһΣ֣ľȹлطµŵ㡪ΪεɡΡ
Իǵľ£ĵطƾӡѰҳ·
˹յģƬ˳
ʱٻͷͷո֮һõɽ壬ƺڵĵط࿴߽硣
νؾʵǴʿпٵĿռ䣬ԼĶ
ȻǡԼĶ÷ȻһȻλʿϲƵľ¡
֮޵ؾ֪ʶлز̽ޱ޼ʵʲôڡڵطǻõģţ·߻ܿʯʯʣһž޴Ļ£΢ʱʱǻƮ䡣
ӦǼٵģꡭƺҲǼٵġ
лۿƬ걻֦ͷ£˶ãͬһطֿͬĻ
þ
ʰһƬָ꣬ˡʵǡ
Ǿˡ
ɲ
ɷУʮһܸ߽࣬޵սޡ֮ƲսȴƫٵĽ޲ᣬ޵սڵһݶӡ
ûˣֻҪ󷨲õԭҲܲģ
˵һ޵ͣ޸ߵĺɷ
ղص鼮У൱һֲδƣлϡҲĶȥʱ鵱Сýζ˵ƣδж㲻
ǸҽΪԼĶ󣬽϶ǽⲻģʵһںδ
Ǭʮ壬ɽںô
л߷ʯǰ߲Զϡ
֮ȥ


ذϲϲ
ÿ·

ˮĸоûеһ֡
õϸ΢ͯ˷Ķ䣬һڳĻĵĻĹҵĴԡ
ʲô
Ƭ̵ѣ֮󣬼ƺЩصлȻۡ
ǰǱůȾɳȷɫգһµ·Լһء
Զһþ޴Ļ͸ոռһһģһ
Ǹ
лŤͷأˮε峺βɫŤβ͡
ˮ
ˮʱһ
ԡˮ
ûϸ룬Զһſǻ˻𣺡лأȾ
һ˿޵Ѫлһͷȥȴûע⣬Զԭˡ
ɱ̹ڵأﱧȻᶯ¬ѪȾ˶˵һʱֲ˭Ѫ˻Ǿɱ̺ġ
ĸͬͬסһͬϲͬ·Ψлذ԰оҲѧҲѧЦеشһ䡰ûʲô츳ѧ㶫÷ЩҲѧ˲ʵõ֪ʶ
˵Ϊѧҩѧ۴ʦ
ɽиʲôͷȣʱˣϲлؿҩлҲֵ֡ʿƤһҩķˣҲԲʲô¡
ɱǺģ
̣лسǱ߹ȥ߱˵ҽ̹ƲҶֹѪģɽǰҲһҩĲֹѪ
ҡҲɱ˵Ⱦɡ
Ϫأûͬһ𣿡
Ҳ֪һֻ͡һֻʧ˵ƱȻȻ󡭡
лߵǰ
ɱΪҪҩڴؿ·лʲôܴΨһϣ
лءͳһʽһ˹ȥ
ᣬҲ֪ʲôҴû̽ƲҶֹѪ
ңƳ۶ԷɢǰԼ¬ƣɱ̾ˣҲԼ¬Ҳֹϵء
л˵
=A=д


45 
Ů˹׵¬ġʬ, ŵĳѱΪ֮ɫƭң
лػȻԭҵļ䴴İ
֮ˣսϳĹϵڶѶʮͷ, ˼ȽϴࡣлһΪḻġˡ۹ȥ, ¬ɱԴǼ˵, Ĵ
룬ĿǰôͷŮ֮飬ʲôʯΡ֮ĶȽ϶ࡣлΪһϵCPۣշ¿
ڲûô, ǰŮ, ̫ˡ
лΪ, 粻, ȴû£ʱ, Ҳһʱѷʤ
ѵĲֹһ, Ҳͬ˵ˡǻþǻؿܡ
ܴʿֻǸ֮ͬս΢ҽ, Ϊһ龳żĸ߽ʿ, ΪػԼĶµĽ, һЩΪ΢С˵ѹǾ޴, ǿؿ, ѽƣӦԡ
, ôѾ˼ȥãЩ谭ǰͬûС
ûãѾ̤˶ġ
һũСԺԺʯʯʣһ˺ϱϸ֦ͷ˻лϳмǿá
ݱǳƬҩ԰רŸǳĵ忴ȥܰ񵭣·ǰǸˡ
ҲǼ󡪡뵽йشʿĴԣĵͷӵǶ˵ͦ㡣
߽ȥдһЦҵΪ֦ڽУԭǱݹ٣ʧԶӭˡ
ᣬβźǲŲһ٣ʶң
ʶɾɾȴʶҡԷḡĴſھϾֻһСޣɾ£Ľơ
Ⱳ仰û˵صˡ
ٿ̧ۣһ̣߱Сͬʱ֦ͷһֻġͺβ֦
˵˻
һ˵˵˻
ʶңһ顣
ǡʶͬлʿй֮Ե󡭡ͺβ֦ʵʵվãߣһ£ѣ
лʿ
֪ΪΣ˿⣬˽εСͺףʦֵѣǱ˵ɡ
СԺеʯʯʣ£ʾͺڶ档
Ľ̫䣬ͺëëŵ˼ǴʿһԪ񻯳ɵżʵͲʿˡ
ο㴺ʿҲĶ֣ʱĻҷɣʵʵųɵָĵص㣺ɡɾһģ˵ɾѵɽҲЩӡ
ʡ
ųͺë̫ףôһõĴͷӣǻҲҴˣʵʵס졣
ŵȷʵ˼ڵӡ
ЩСӣҪҪҡ
ء˵ⶴΣԲߣá
ΣԲߣ
ͺ
ҷ
ЩҸͬʦʶġ
л£
ͺë㶣۾
ǸеԶĹء˺һ˵硭̫ǵˣҽҩֻǵʱлʿ˵Ժﻨóԣ˺㳣һȡҽޣܶһݴʿĽ飬Ͷ˷ݱֶΣֻһЩһˣȡ󡭡οлʿǸƢģ졣
ĬĬţĵʦȷʵˡ
ʦз·òԣʼʱҲչ
Ǽǵ󼸴μ棬лʿ˼ϣ˵ԼҪˣպǲֲȡͺβ֦ĵĻˣæЩĵãжɽõķѡֱȽϺáлʿ˵Լ龳ʱ˼ɽٷûϣ˵һʦܡɽٲϲ÷òˣɴ඼͸ҡǧлȴҲûʲôԽģлʿҲһߡ͡Щ
棬л˵ı飬ɫȾЩ᣺ʲôʱ£
ǿɼǲ̫ˣЩ꣬ҼԽԽţôҲİ˰ɣ
˼һգ̧üʲô
ɡɾ˵ʲôˡ
û
ʱ⡣
ȷİǰǰ
ɾ¼ǲãҲûܼǴһĳ̶Ȱͺëʮ޹治ڲƭɾаԣԸ̣֮
˵꣬ëϡϡĳ򣬸Լ˸õķ
ɽ綼ͨãǸѻᱻЧʵǸͼˡ
Ҳ޻˵ûж͵£һתȻпɣʦתϵó
ɾ˵Цˣתֻһ˵˵˵Ԫ񣿡
ûйޣνĹޣʵʿ٣Ԫϵ״̬һ㶼֮ΪԪʿ
лֻԪϣҲĵ
ž޲Щ궯˱ۣɽеãƺǸûȥˡ
˵ת
Ǿ͡ͺëԹɫٶ෴Ц˵ԭģԭվǰԼϵõġ
иСӡ
ţлʿҶ֮ôͺëȻһϸ̽ɻѽҶдʱʿˣ֮⣬ҲԪӤڵʿлʿϢ

ˡĵҶȷˣָΪõͷʲôã
˶˵գЩ˴ΪҪһ
ʲô
˵ҪʿżڰҽһӶڱ׷ҩֶȴҲϤɿص¡
ɿؾͺãƢõıһʱ嶯ɱˡ˵ѽˣҲٶ࿴ⶴꡣ
̶ʯ

㲻ԸƳһۡ
̷ʯϹ̶˵ֻ֪ͨʹͣˮȴǿʯͷˮʮѵáϡʿԭǸ徳ɢҽޣΪõΪӱ׷ɱſһͷڹƵĶϰֱ֮꣬󣬶ΧԱΪؾ˷֣˲֪ʿȥ
ԸҲʦʦֵĽ̻壬ҲûҪ
ħԨķӡɶˣ·ϡʯͷΪˮ֮ٺʲ֪ҪúܣֻҪԸҿԴӦһ£ʲô
ͺëźڶƵ۾͵ȷˣ
ʵѺõⶫòˣҶصģ˶õ͵£һǧɡʱлʿҪĲⶫҲָû񾳺ڶͻƲˣʱһ嶯Ͱʯͷ͸ˡ޹ľ֦˵ͻȻʲôûյôʱлʿҪûȥʦġ
л˵
ʦֶã


46 
лԽԽ˳, з·òƵģϰٸغ֮Ѱһ, һͱɱ̵š
˻Ϊһɢ, һƴ䲼ż, Ǹܡ
ֺܳķֻҪһżˣżǻľżԣΪ䡸项ʹá
ݵʵĲͬĿʵһ, ܵ˵ǿ, ܱܿľ³̶Ƶġ
ɽʷϲûпһ־ĿĴʿ, ܵղѧ, ʿ̫١лǰͨĿܡ
ǡ
˵һλΪԼĶ˵Ŀ, ͨҲԼ׾ͻܡ
лؿеʽ, ԼķС
ƽشһ磬ϵ
ûϸƾնȷԶһĴ, ̧ͷһ, һֻͻ޼Ѳ
Ǽٵģ
, ǡ
ظСģ
лһԾ
㿪ؿ޵Ĺ˭ľ͸߶ȽԼһ
ȵķƺĴ, ô
л, һԵӿеʽ, ڻؿǿžԴЮ˦һɲǣὣ̳
ƽƽʽ׾ٵش̴˻ؿǿӲĽƬԴ˶Ϊ֧㣬һɹ̵ɽԿǣǻؿ޵ľ˲ȼлǰֿסţһһ˦ؽȼŵľϳ޾ƺ˳ȥ
ϪԲۡ
¬𣺡Բۡ
ɱ̣
ظ磡˴Ҵܹ¬ſھ͵ֱ˻ǳ˴衪
ϹɱһǱ¬ϣظǻؾô
ûҡлؿ˿Լֿ֣ϵӡ
ӲˣոǹƺҲȻ޴档
ؾӡл˵һɷǳǿ
ӣ
ע⵽ǸûʲôɫĺɫϸϪ̽Դӡظ˺ܾ˰ɣ
ǺܾˣõǶΪлشӼʹġ
лشδ͹ΪԼҲûô¡
ڵЩüĿ
ӣǵŽغżȻáлصһλǰļ䣬Դӻӣұ㳣ΡΪֻˣڿƺλǰġ
ȻʵڽͲ˸ոָоǴӺζ
ƽȻ˵ɴȻǵñɡ
ոǰķѹô
ظ磬㲻ܵĸо𣿡
ãûܡлҡҡͷˣȲ˵ʲô£أ
һһ˵˽ؾ֮
ؾʱȻ͵ģɱ޷󷨷֪ʶȽʵؾûתͳԼọ̃е
˭ãûþŨײתеϪ
Ϫɱ뿪Ũ˸лؼһĵطᾹʯʯȻǸþɱŽ󣬲ĴͬлزͬɽϷС
˾䵽һУײֻؿޡ
ؿ޵ľ߳һأԶԸ˱ߴˣҵ·ʱ¬һλͬš
һͬأлôҲֻˡ
޵˦βɽ֪١˵˦֮ȥ
߰ɡлͬһɽȥ
ɽԼʲôıǶȥȻǰǵҵͬŲС
ѵﵱǰȾͬ顣
ҪɽѰʵףŨ͹˺һġɱ̺лضһЩԭ·лȡʷֽ㻭һͨѶõķ
һӱʱһۻʹӵﴦ𣬷·ȡ֮
Ҹʱٽһˡĵ
ȻڡһŽɱ̣˿Ϫ
һCPҪѧԼྵCPṩռ䡣
Ϫಽظ󣬰벽£ظ磬Ҳøʲôģϵ·𣿡
СʵŨ˲и
лأϵá
ʵǰԵˡ
λǰǸǰṩ֧Ԯ·ͼṩ
ƾеļ䣬Ͷ󷨹ԭ˽⣬лɽûλͬţ֪ǲǷ򲻶ԣҵһ
Ϫлغһǲ֮ǰĶ
ϪչһǣǺǴȥģôͦȥô޶ûˣҪҵҵλͬţֱӻϾ뿪ˣҲһΡ
ؾеıˣطþþ˵᲻˭ײȻûҵˣ㽫Ϊ
šлͬˣǿĿܣԾҪʱܡ
õĺõġ
˳˸Ӷȥ
һ£лؾ͸оһľϵĲᣬϪȽ
ľԵʿľϵĸ֪лػҪЩָһ·л˵ظ磬
лأţǹȥ
ط·ľϵŨ˹ȥ
ҩֲлЩ⣬öࡣ
߽·ûãͿŲɢӨֲһ˪ݵҩֲҪܹ⡢µĻڶѨУֳ죬Իͦġ
֮⣬ʯҶŵľ࣬ѨϷɢֲĳҶֲ˴һַġҩ԰ЩҩֲǶ˾ġ
ŵĴСѨֲƾлصΪȥõɽУûҩ԰ӣҩֲ涼ȽϡȱʱժǾ̫ԲԼˡ
ܵضժһЩ׼ȥͬǷ֡·ߵͷ˷֮ǰĵط׼·
ɽ巶ΧⶴʵСлɴʿǲͿɽĶҩֲ⣬طЩʯᣬĶûˣڴ˴
лصĳ·ɽϷһЩ
·׶Ϳѻ׾УͿѻԭҲܼ򵥣ʵΪʴֻı롣
⻭ûͦȤоģһ֪Ϫع۲ɽڣһʿɽУͬս붴ѨƱһ˴˴ѷ֡ʿӮˣ˼ɣ
һŻϣߵС˲ЦС˻Ƿ˶ĻˣϵЦݻǺԵġ
л˳ſȥ߹ȥ֦Ҷüһ滹֡
дʲôϪıشչ

¿ɻǲһһֻزͬҼƽϡ
ƽϣҲͬҴһܡ
дɷ裬ƮݷǳȻÿöܴ࣬ӱʴпж࡭á
лؾԼôʻίЩǵƤ
滹ϪǿһЩ֦ҶʯϵּЩģ˺ôȥϣл硭
л¡
лԺĬʱϵһһ̣ԭûлصӰ
ظ磡Ϫʶȥץȴֻץס׹ĺɫϸ
ظ磡
л˵
һ
ˣȥ˯д


47 

֮, ¬ǻϵϪ˴Ƿڻ֮ǰﻹлµӡзࣺظﲻġ
Ѿһɽ˸飬ûʲô쳣, Ҳûҵռ, Ϫһڸű, ǰ褣лأͲǸܻˣʱ
ҵͬŵ¬ɱ˹и
ʹ˽ٽļ˸飬Ҳûκοܲ˵ĵط
ô죿Ϫͬǡ
û취, ߰ɡʱ򻹵ɱ,, ȥʦ, ʦ϶а취ģ
áҲֻˡ
Ҳ֪ʦȥ

лܸоԼ׹
ͷ£֫ϣܿص, ƽ׹䡣
ƽ׹䱾Ǽѧ, ʱȻҸϰһٶȵ֪ʶ
͸ܵһ
û˿˵, ܴĻ, ˵иĳڻο
֮䵽˵ϡ
˵ǵ沢׼ȷ, ܸоԼʵʵһƬӰлϸһ, ȵ졣
ǡþ
Ӱ, һһ˱סĴִһֱֻĲ, лΪҪû뵽ȴܺгٻǶȣٲĿԣ̿ȸԴһֻܵһԵϣСڸͷѻȸݹӡ
ſţһŹӽͻĳɫϣлǰ
ȥ
һɣݵİӿ˲ͳӯ塣лͷһʶָ뿪Źʱȴ糱ˮȥ
лŷ֣еӲ֪ʱˡ
ǿǡ̧ͷ˿Ϻɫ죬ĵδ̽ɡ
þдþƺַ֣λǰļôһͱù
лشѯһйþ£ȴڲҵؼأΨһ֪ģǴشڵʱܳŽʼˡ
֪㣬лһȻǴλǰٵġ
λдģдʳҩ׵ǰ
лû´ĻӦǡ
л¡
ԭô콫ͬϣʳͬɽϵּһ޵
Ҳ˵⼸йءʦܺ鷳ĶԻ˵Ķ
лأ
˭õأνƢáˣ˱ŷȥʦܣλΪǷ켫ޱƤְ쿪ʱʦͷ۵ļˣǴС¡
λʦ͸ǡ
ŵһңӣŹԵʷϱسһ𡢹Щ嵽ˡ
лģȴлˡʱԼΪԵ¡ģζʦ
˵źˡ
ȻԲɾţлؾͿʼʵĹˡ
ģǵͬʦңַӡħԨʱĶԻ𣿡лضŹ˵ȻԸܿǶμ䡭˵ʵе档
ôõΣһֱʵģʱܿ⾰ȴػشֻжԻ
ҽӦϣҿİɣл˵ţٴŹ֡
ѣĿĹؽΧ

ʿĻ˺һڵ۵вԵİɫ
û¶Ȼ̷ʯڴ˴͸뿪ˡ
ⶴһοŶã
ԼԼĪʮҡͺëսսԭûôõģ˴ҲʼŲסˡ
ؾĿţԭǶάɵĽŶеıؾҲսعء
ڶЩѹɫû취¡ʦʺá
лʿôˣﻹܼǵҡͺë˵Ƕл㡭
ţҪȥеٲûҪ߶һ󣬼¡
˵գӰʧԭأֻһֻЦݻϵͺβ֦ȸ
ɾⶴ죬鰡
û˻ֻ˵û⡣
ʶţܵһϤϢһ·̤ȥ編ƣȥѰһ
л󷨣һԽ֮
Ľĵһһ롣
һ٣¬ˣлأ

ϪӲͷƤɫϸظӣʧˡ
üͷʧ
ԣոաϪϵ˵һ飬ֻüץӡ
˵ıڻۣͳĶ
Ȼ˼ȣϪûӦأ
˵ڻظһ飬Ķ
̧ۣûбȴ˺䡣
ڡڡϪֱԹһѹĻ˵ˡ
Ҳŵ¶ֻ֣褣ﻹһ˿ꡣ
ɱ̽ɵ˵Ϫ´Ŭ򶨣ʦ棬ϵ·Ҵȥ
û˵ʲôͬˡɱһһǰ·
һ˺ܿصǸɽûǰߣֻԼȥ˽ȥϪһԼʦô˰ôͻȻô¡
˵ʧֵʱͲˡոɱվԶǿı仯ọ̈̄˵λʦ˵Ҳһ֡ʧôҡɱ򴽣ûǴл£֡
Ϫ&¬𣺡
ϪԲۣ㲻˵
ҪظʧҪ˼˵ʲôɱ˵˵翵ǰͳϦദһظ磬ɵӶ֪ѡı߰ɣ
Ҳǹ

ûþͳˣۼǲԡ
ǴʯǶûʲôرݣ޷лģԼʹ˵˱˸ʿ۸˵Ĺ»棬Ժʲôǲ˵Ҳʡ
Ժ󣬶һ˫˫εߣԼʲôһ٣һֱ߬ĺɫϸó˵㡣
ӵˣ֮ǿг忪ӡûϣ˿ʼ⣬Ӻܿͷʶȥˡ
Ȼֻлضⲻ˵Ķֻ˳
˶֪лôһֻϻʱһ黹ãڿΪ䡸项֮Ҳȵó졣
ȥ˵
ءȦëɫñǰͷХһһԾ
ü

ȫû֣ﻹռ䡣
޵ö࣬οʶҲûڴ˴лصϢɫϸӵ߰ɡ
ȥȥĶ
Ҫһˡ˵ǲȥҲԡ
Ҫôѡ
ûڣЩСǿؾУǱ֤Լİȫѩӱֻ棬ؾˣҲһЩţԾ뿪ҲðȫҪɣֻ뿪ؾ
ϾǻûѰԼĵ
ʵ褣Ŀ¶һǲߡϪȭͷлʧٵµ䣬һʱûסһ㣡
褿δۿܡ
ʦ涼ҪˣһҪ𣿡Ϫһһ˵˭Ϊһһµģһ㣬ֵ𣿶˵ɽڣûաҪĻʲôģ
ĻȻеôͬǰһûܵ䣬褵ʱˡ
ɱ̳¬ͷϪ䣺˵
ţϪתͷȻ̫ΪʲôˣŶ
Լ֣˵Ҳȥɡ
⣬Ȼѡ㽫˼еһѡһռ䣬ԽڵӴ˳ȥ
ֱӾҪţֻзĲлص
Ϫ˵ʲôɱסˡ
籾̬ãռɣ
ǡ
ûеǣˣ˵ĸʿĵԼȥѰҿ˼Ҽң˭Ϊ˭ҵġɱ̵ˣǹúĵѰ𣿡
ûСϪǸﲻװµˣѰ֪Ӻ֡
ɽûͷ褻һУظлضŪˣ뵽ϪɥɥشԴ
Һɽϰί˵ʱһʲô룬Ҳܣﲻҿ㡭ʱá
ظǸѰ˵Ҫɽϵġ¬ļοһʱţǼ⣬ظǾ仰ô˵ġܵĶͨˡҲ̫ģԵ

ݻضԭȥԶ˱ţҲûϲʱ䣬·¿ɸɣٺԾǻҪһ˵ġ
һʼûǣһֱӰ洦Ȼ˿ڡ
ʵһѧϰңӵķֻشġ֣ȴ˵һЩ
νġһѣУȥ·֮ҪɽѰΪڰݵĻǲ֪ԼҪľʲôǾ㣬ЩѵҲС
Ĵ˵裬ƺǴģƽյķ
û뵽ӻһʱЩȡΪǸɱʣʦ棬ǲðĻĵʲô𣿡
ʿʵϡ棬˻ʿ٩٩̸ԼѰḶ́ɵڲᣬʵᷢ쭡
ǲ֪һ֣ɱ̵Ϊ˵Ƿǳˡ
Ϫ¬ĸɱĴָɱԿ𣺡ظ˵ʦ治ദġ
Ȼ󡸲ദʦһûŹڡ
ˣ
ͻȻ
УĽӰƿɽ󣬾ֱŵĵؽ硣ʱ컹ûڡ
ȥɡ
˴ӽϸȥ־Ⱥɽȥ
˸ûãͼƽѵһ׺޴ҴҶǾʣأ
˭
Сʦ棡׺޻ǱЩż
ˡ¬˵꣬ɱæһ䣬û˵ȥĶ
Ȼȥñ׺תߣɳһΣ۷עⰲȫ
ôǣ
ϸһŷԭдеɽֱ䣬Ǿһս
ҵġ죡

һ·壬ȴûҵˡ
üתǰ壬ɽͷҲֻʣһտյݣԭ۵ӶӰ
ɫء
Сʦ塭׺ҵˣæȥסСʦ壬嶯
ʲôˣ˰벽׺
׺޵Ҳ⣬Ӳô࣬Լûз쭣æվã֪𣿡
û
ɽϵ£֪ͨģڣоµĴڡ
ļڡ
׷µļҪһЩʱ䣬˼һŻһЩ档
ϳɷޡС
ۣޡ
¶ʲôϵ׺ûܸϡ
ʣʦأ
ʦ׺εЦЦǡʱɽвٱɷҪǿأʦԸ˼޹ֶ࣬һʱ飬ײ˽ؽϡǸʦΪˣǽеأܲȥ˵лͬ˵


˵ĸ֣ȥ׺εͷȥ


48 
֮, ҽŽţĿббؿǰĵ¯
ǻڸڣƽȻ, ޿̳ʦ, Ͳܻݡ
ôԱϴߵأҽ񶼲һ,Ʈ˰ɣ
лƽȻ֪˵ʱȴǿŽЩɷߵ£ε֪Щ
Ժ²ټаˣΪȲҽġ
ŵؽ, ɽǧҪչ, ҽֲ, Ʒ, ˵ʵΪƽȻȥˣ, ˭
յ, Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
˵һ룬ƽȻһ磬Ѹٱ, ͬʱתſڡ
ҽҲо˵Ϣ, Ъ˳Цʦֵ˼, ͬȥͼŷɽһ·ɽ˾ڡ
ӰɵĽ˲ɢȥ, ǰ, Ƴҽһ, 㽫䵽ƽȻϣҪͬ˵ʲô
㡢ĻˣƽȻЩţžҪ˵ȥݣΪ㡪
û˵꣬ҽһ۵˻ȥԱʵ㰡
ƽȻ
ֻɻȥ
ҽԱͬСʦ˵Щֱ׾͵⼸ɽϷʲô֪
¡ϸ˵˵
ҽ΢ȣͬƽȻһۣŵǰգɽͻȻɷ
ЩΧɽʱʱɷ룬ΪŻǿѲߣֻΪһʱ䷢ֱɷޣʱһǽҲϰˣϾɽĻ̵̻״˵Ѿǳȫ
Ȼأǲ֪ΪɷɽղӰ޷׷˳ĴҴܡŶԣЩǧలµĺھӣܾȣ˲Ըɱ˼졣
ǻɽԭģɽϣտأ²ûг֡
ҵ㣬㲻Ǹҽ廰һ٣Ȳ֪ô£Ҳֱ²ƽȻ֪飬˹ȥɽϵģ֪ܲ巢ʲô
ţһ⣬Ҫȥʦл˵ɡͣҪߡ
˺ò׻û䣬ܷ뿪ҽ嵱ʱһ䣬ŹϣǡõסҪߵ׺ޡ
Ϊʦ壬˺޹ʦֶĸУ˳˵ƣŵЪŰɣ˿ٱһҾͲˡɽʱ䲻̣ҲûħԨǱߵͻȻôɷ³֡ڻһ㡭ɽˣǰ仰϶˵˵ɣ
ֹסΣƳһۣ˵ʲôأʲô
䵭һԸģҽ屻⸱̬ԿʹĬ顸һˡǿƽ͵ٸ˵˵ħԨͻȻôɷиԭɣ˵ɽµѾ⵽ɷˣ
ûСħԨѺӣʱʱɷɢݶɷ䣬ѰңһҲɷ¹ʣ徳Ϊࡣ
ôᡪ
Ҳ֪
֮£˵ֵʱҽʶתۣƽȻһ¶˾ȵı顣
ƽȻ㾹֪
šһۣЩرߣѰҿɴɷ˳һЩϵɷ̫ࡣ˵ɷţǽЩɻ󡪡һֱ֣ɢݵɷô١
ʲôɷĵطҽüݣΪѰ
ͷ㾹֪ȥݣ
ݵǰӾʹ鶫ԭˡƽȻų壬ԭǻв˼ǵ㡣
һѹַ޻ӵ顣
ʲô
Ҷˣ仰ԾǾȣ
Ƕûô
ûСôģʲô
޲Ψһһѳŵĵӣȴ뿪ʱΪߵһλϡ˵ٺγ롸³֡ߺ󣬻ɽǿһ㡣
ǿһ㣬л±ʼзһס޵Ҳһ㡣
ȻΪΪһֱڷޣԷ޷ӲֻҪ󷽷ͽţ˭ҲûĹסޡ
صǵ͹
Ҷ˾ȵɻҪһ㣺ȫûϢ
ü
͡˼ˡ
ɷֵʱأ
Ϊ޷زϢ
Щֶ꣬Ǹ˶о
һµˣҪȥ£ұˡ
ȵȡ
ҽȹڷɣ£߼סȥ·´һɵ㡭մѵҪһҷ޵鷳Ǽ׵°ɣ
һۣ۵׳ī
ҽͬӡ
ء
䣬ļȥ
ſƣãȻ׺ܽݡʱ壬ԥ߽ССʦôˡ
û˻ش
ҽ屧۶ɫݣƽȻǣθڴϿȸŵ׺޸Ͻȥ
ȡȿȣʦãƽȻò״Ǿ仰ʲô˼
ҽ岻ˬ˭֪
֪£
ֲɣܲ鿴ڸ͸²ҽ͵תһȻĵ¯ҵ֪ҰҩˣѧǸƵ

ŷɽһ·ɡ
˵žŴſڣƬ̱㵽
Ųͬطһˡεض𡹵ɽڰ֮Сɽ귽޿ɽʱΪոɽҲֻܾһ򲻳һƬ
Ȼ˵ȴԷ˸ӾҲѹЩ롣
ɽȻɽţлɽⱲûúϰ󷨣Ӳ֪ôдеģһ
䣡
Ӱ£һǺ˵֮ŵĴ¶Ӱ
ô£ıը
˾ôţ
Ѳ߶ҴҳҲŷɽͳɽзȥ
ɽôƾʶһ˲̽
޲
üƶͣס
ŵĺɽ˸ˣ޻ȥĶ
´ߣҪʲô
šʲôֵɷֵĶ˵ط
ۣ۵ϡƷһźɽĴһѿڣԷ˴˴
ٶȼ죬̽ԭգȴֻصš
鶫ԭÿһ䣬ڽ׷Ѱһ˿µϢ
ѭ˿Ϣġ
Χ³֡޸ɵؽУŵӱͳһȥţʱ请Ʒ忴ҽƽȻˣȥտ˵
ƺһаá
ջʶһŷɽɽȥ
֮䣬ǧɶ£ʶɨһƬä׽˺ԡ
ͨ󣬳ƣȻγɵ󷨣ûдΪ²ȥʶҲԵִŴСء֮һ
Ȼвɽڵ;ͱʦ˻ȥ
ʱƮȻˣŷɽϾһεʯš
ʯűƽأֻһرּ
۲ȣл
һߣִһЩԲȦƺҪա
ȳߺν⣿
ĵҽƨ
ʦһλ˶ˡ
ۣ仰˵ҧгݡ
ˡ
ƽشһ磬ɢɽķ˿ǡ
޽ƾճֱָ֣ʯš
㻹ָд֣
ޣƾҲ䣡
䣡
л˵
ע۲ȣлΡȡޡ˫ȹ֮


49 
ʱлرǹε˹ȥ, ʱȴһ׳֦ϡ
һƽⲻȣʹϵ, ͷ, ȴܵص˶, ء
壬ֺǡ
һԶ˸һˮлһһģģ
Ȳ̫, ø
, ȷʵԼ, Ҳлصͷ˿Լ, ϸĵþͦ档
¡
лת, ɷǵ, ̬Ⱥˣ
л㶣, ԼȻȻ˻šʦ, ʲôʱ
ʦ
ңӻΪźᡣ
׼þܶ,ңһЦΪʦֲ, ôȰ˯
ú˯Ҳһ֡л½һ, ,һô죿
°ͣʾ±סˡ
˵Լ˵ģԼģЩлص־ƣڶԷУҲֻл¡
ô˵ءͺȶϷҲԼĽɫNPC԰Ṇ̀걻װˡл¡ȫϢʽһӰ
л˵꣬ңӱһ֣أ
áлغܿܵ뷨
ץħޡ
ʱħԨδӡħɽ糣˵󲿷ħ޶ħԨ֮»Ҳųлоġңһǡħ޵ɣ֮ʱûħ֣ΪͽܶԴ˲һ˿
ʦǸʦһͽԼѰҴ𰸡
ο˻лץġ
л¿ħޣͷŶɽͨʿûʲôǰһ֣ҲûǹкѪ֮Ѫħȫͬ
֪Լ⣬ǡħ=ԭǴġ
˵ͻħԨ֮£˸飬ûȥ
ҪΪʦȥѰңؿбſ
ǰӣңӵǣͷ£ʦͽһģ󷨡
ɣܽħԨӡ꣬ϾķѰҿõħҲ·ġ
лӦһ޹߶ͣ
СӣңӱЦӻͮͮ
лһܿʦĹת̽С
һһκ
ġԿס˼ˡлݸشӻװʯɽ䣬׹ȥ󺰣лʦʽʼ֮ǰҿ϶ģ
䣬ǣħڰ⡣
ѣûþ͸Ƕ˰˵ǡܷ项Ȼˣȴߣǵý͡ħԨȥС
ħʵرαװúúõģл½ϳԽץڻҪͻħԨȥ˵Իúܣһдķˡ
ƫƫûܣΪûס˵ΪȴԶԶл£Ҳܲ
ܸɽҺɫ
ദ֮ѱˡ
лͷз·𻨲ʯմŶ˳ԳԺȺȣҲŸ·»Ҫڵض죬һΡѺ͡·ߵ÷·𹫷Ρ
οƢãħ޶ҲΪ裬ڳסϿ˿ǡɽôħ޲ǺԶġ˵лЩȷȲ˲֪ŪģζúܣħԨԹһҪζ
˭ֵܵʳջأ
С
ôԹԣ˷·һһ·ȥӡ
һεʱߺۻַ·侳лغܿͿǵĿ;ìܡ
֮л»ЩԼ⣬硸ħԨʲôǡһôǰһ⻹ãһħԨڽɡħ޴˵ħ޸оðʱ͹Ųӷʣʲô
첱Ӵֵģó
лüǰ˵Ƣܺã಻Ϊ⣬һɺЦԴͷȥŵǵȻͼ㣬ܲҶ⾳ˣɣ
ˣ⻰Ҳе
˵л΢Цţ˵ǲ˵ҲܵħԨ֮ȥħһһ֣ܻ֪𰸵ģԲԣ
⻰вˡ
֪һʿħԨ֮»ɧЦܲܽ﷭׳졣
л²Ϊ⣺ͬʱһҾö鷳
ˣ
ˣǹһ
л£ǲȻأ
һĬ
Ƕ˾ˣ㲻Ҫ˵ô赭д
ΪֻǵġΪǸߡû뵽߳ôడ
һһġʿˣˣ
л¸Ƿ˶ˮ
Ҫȥո
Ŷ˵ɺתתףл۾Ц
׻˵߲ᣬ߲ѡȻ赭дҲΪʲô˷Ӧô
ɽ粻ʣһˣħǱ߸㡣
ΪħĹһһ㣬ķҪٲпһЩ
֮ʵ࣬ǾԼΣ˼ָмģлʲôʹʲô޲ûΪһħްٿȫ顷̯ƽŵԷǰ
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ͦģΪõĹ̻̳ͬĹ̡
ɽ糣нᣬħ֮ȴǵһΡ
ôħǸĵط
ݣߣĲ˵̫ȣʳ಻ḻ
лصʱ̣лЩ˵ɽ춫ͳԵĻöࡣ
ȻȲǰִҵӳֵʳħĻʳˮƽɽ綼磬жţ
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ûʹħԨȥ
л񡪡˵ħԨħԨģ⻹һлῴħԨʲô
һоǺڣٴȡ
Ȼ˵ħԨ֮·ǳȣӽǸڿʼ¶Ⱦڲһ޷ܵ¶ϡ
лأ¶ȸŲ㱡ЬʱԼǰ˼屣ˬı
·ûڱεĲλԾɸо̣˰Ѷͷ߳ĺʣǡƽʱֵط
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ҲǴ˴ΨһĹԴ˷ڣлһԼĽζӡ
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治װл̾˾䡣
ģûԼʲôǼܱµıͬ˴ڵħԨ
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ڿħԵĵطһݣʧޣãҪʿֶע뵽̨ϣŻߡֱߣ;ܺԵظоԽĳŤѹϣӦͨ˽磬ħ緶Χ
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ħ޵Բ۾ֵؿܣڲ
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лµķӦֱһЩΪȫû˵ֶɷ
˳Ŷ˵Ŀ⿴ȥЩһ˿߶͸ŨغڱĻʵϣħȻ̫ȴҲħԨ֮ò١
ȻڣЩ߶Щڵˡֲָ
ħɫѿɷʲôöմȾ֮ŴжΪߵ˺ʧȥǡңʱ䳤һЩǽɷҲȲˡ
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˵ڼʱüעɡ˵ס֮С
Ŷл˵Ӧÿԡ
˵һԡ
ɷڵ˿߶ǺϣлרŨصĵط꣬Ӵ˲ţʱвٺըѿɢĿռһȦ
лأͷ˷ȷС
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ǣлǲ⣬˿ħޣֿƺĿ׼ԼɷΪɻ󣬡Ϊһ㣬Һħ޻ﲻһ
ǿ̨Ǹȫħõģʵħԣħħ޼ϰĹкܴ
ϰҲĳԭΪĹɽ˵ö֮ġѪ⡹Ѫħ粢ûУϰ֮˺٣ħҲܻӭ
ҲǣѪֲһҪ˭ѪħͬΪܺߣʾӭ֡
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ЩħòԶԼΪɷһûܷӵ
ɹ⿴ЩɷҲǶȤȽϴ
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лط֣лǸʵ龫ˡһͳħ΢΢һЦ
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˵ʿӯĻħ޵ĹӶ
էһƺûʲôͬʵҲȷʮ΢лԼΪǿ۲ֱȽϸ΢Ҳֲ֮
ٸӣɽ磬ʿûܳɹǰƾΪȥڵعأ帯ñͨ˻죻ħڣʬ겻ħ磬СʬλĹء
⣬ɽʿħȴûֽѸ٣˶ϲ
ǣлΪҴ𰸣ץ˸Լж龳ĸ߽ħ޻ʣѵƾѶ𣿶ӦҲиŶԣ
·ժؿࡹһŵĽݾ󲿷˶ȥߣ˵߽ݾ벻Ĵۡ
ˣɽ磬߽ݾˣΪ߻ħúˡ
ץסħ޺ʹޡʿл²ûʲôɫЦ˭ЩǰӦò֪ɣħ޸Ͳܷ
ħ署󡸼ʱ֡û˻омصʷ鲻࣬ȼʷϼУȷûħ޷ļ¼
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޷Ϊβˬһˬ
л´ħ˺ü죬׵һճĺӡħ޵ġʱ֡ⷽ棬ɽ»Ҫͬģħ磬ʿŮԼ޵żʣʱֹһ
ЩСʱͬͨСŲûл³Ǹ޲ע⣬СľҲû쳣
Ҳϰħ޹˴ȥɽǧҲһǿĵܡ
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Ϊħ޵ĹﲻãϾɽ磬ЩҲû˷ˡ
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·룬γħԨ·Ҳߣѹֳħ޲࣬˵Ҳ𵤲С
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Сƨʦҹϵõͬô࣬Ҳֻһʦܰ
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и˵Եǿ󲻵áңЦЦأ˵ɻ

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ңʼ״ǰĽһŵҩ
ɡ˿ɵúúˡ
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ңԶԣͬһͷ˸࿴꣬ͷҪˣ
ǫʦŸʮҲడ

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׹ûлشǲش𣬲ܿ죬лؾʶԭ򡪡Զһļһ
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һû꣬Ļл촽Ҳŷ۸һС֪۵ܽ𣿾֮ǰҡ
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ˣһϾɣߵǰŽҺóȥŵ³ʹתѡ
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ĮƳǸСޣһӶ񣺡㻹
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ۣһ̣ϣ
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С֪Ѳɽָޡ
㾿ʲô˵ұ㶯ˡ
޶ãſЦ˵ˣѵͲ𣿡
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ΪǰԲ˻
Լллڷ


50 
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ǰΪ˾ˣŰ׹ҪʱǷʱ, ҪôСʦ˵,ʦֵķ
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˵ҵϣͬҴһƫƫͷȥǣô

лʣԶȴȻˡ
ǰȻһⳤ·Ӧ죬ὣͬĽײһ

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˻лصһ־·Ҫ飬ۡ
֣˵
Ǹ﷢һλǰµķʱΪΣձǰһû뵽ǰԸҡлһ˵꣬۵öάֲסˣСʦ壬ܲ֡
ɿһͳɫϸ
ǰ̵ľֱڻȵġ
̽ⶫѵʲôҲûСʣ﷢ֵģ
ӦǸɡǸȫͬĿռ䡭лصͷȥԼ󣬱չĵطģ޹ǡ
ǡͷֱӱ˰ɣ
ʵеĺô֮һǻָȷǿͨĶϸǣлصҲ̫βáֻҲ̫ˣ˵ûп޵뷨۽ȴܿص߳Щˮ
һ٣ֽܿעǸϡ
ָһۣӿ糱ˮϸӿ
ûУûСô̽飬пռҲֻô󣬳ֻǸϴĿռ䷨ȫʲôر𡣿ǲ֪أػʹ˷Ȼ֪ˣôܷһ˿һĿܣ
лڣеת֮ʦԴģеҲмϰǡ
ʦֳм
֪Ժֻʣˡʦ֣֡·޾ķϲӣΪ޴ת˿硣
лԱ߶˶㣬ʵڲ뱻紵˴ȷϹͷ״أ䲻Ķнһл̧ۿȥȵطõʮһɾ޴ײлҲײɳȥײб󷽵Ķϣ¡
лأ
鼱֮£Ѹ˸ͬʱżʯϷɵжôûԼһ
籩ͣϸֱֱ׹
ô󶯾лȥŹֵӣ˭䵽һ룬ֱԶֳ룬׼ȷؿ˵ϡ
һ˿Ϸ죬·ûзֿ
ͺס
лĪЩΣž룬Ҳˣֻ̽ʵСʦ壬û°ɣ
ҲҲţ̧ͷȻ
лأ
ǰлغ죬ֱӶ
뿪ɽ
лرɽ紵۾ɽСЩʱۣŷطȻ
ǻˣΪʲôôͻȻ
һѣʣĶ廨⣬סڣò
ϸһûڿƮ
ͣΪʲô
Ϊ˲£ɽ
лز⣬ΪʲôֻǲСĽһˣ֮춼ˡ
ŪһѣͻȻ
ܿ췢֣ǵĿĵǡ
δþ

лһ·ﵽٲ£ڱ¡
סһɿлضʱһԣȵذƫƫ˵ֻʹϾȶŲסֻһŤư
ò׿˳һŤͷͿվԱߣؿǸٲл죬뺰۱ۺְۣѻ˻ȥ
ǲ˵ġ
֪˷ʲô衣
лӣó̶ˮʪ棬ʰ׵ִֵҳĵ¯֢ҩʼ
пռ䱻ķɨЩңҡ
ҵԺѶΰڿһŵ¯˿ػ
ӹĵҩã䷽ǹ̶ģûѶȣлͦ졣
ԼԣðѻϺõҩҺ̳ɵ裬ֱӷ¼ɡ
ϵ˲ü飬ҲǺʹҩһеãлش㲻ˣ̲ƵһԪӲҴСĺںŨҩҺҳƵɴϽ̶
ӴԵģɴʱЩ϶
һУлؽ̧ͷһ֪ʱ˹
˫ȫڣɫƽղ԰ףտյ״̬á
л´ͷʰˣ죬ܿͰѻˡ
ʱӦ־
ּܺӵƤСײвеֵθС
Сʦ塣ȿ˿ڣҴҪʲô
һ˵
ʡ
лظˣ˵һͷˮҲΪʲôҪȻش⣿
ǻᣬͬҡʦл˵˶٣Ŀڣͬҽѧġ
ҲǴӹ¶Ժĸʦģ˵ϣ˶Լ˵ʵԼ̹
лؾлֱ˵ҲʲôƵģһ˵ʰһͬ˵ԪǵĻӦ֪ͬҽѧϰ²Ŷԡ
ǣҲǡ㡣
ҵҲܶ࣬Сʦ壬ⲻƽлͬӡѵƽͣץṵͨȡȨͷβʲôûǰǴؾУĪΪ˾Ԫǰ˷ԺûϣȴƽꡣſſǰһݣʲôʵʱûȻش⡣
οܴϡ
֪лµĻͷȴ֪л±

һʶԷһɣлϸģֵᡣ
Ĭ˺þá
ƺΪһֻһ⣬ϧðβŵӣڴ˴Ūģ⴦ٲǰʦֳ
лֹܲΪ϶еķлµİɣ
˵ʵˣƶϺܲ׵ѽ
þĽ磬ֻСɽˡԴഫĽⷨ룬һɽҡ˵ΪʦΨһһܵ˵Ͽɣ⿪ֱӽˣŽɽˡλôңáʱҲ
ӣķʦֵ⣬Ҳ롣
лأ
лشҲ֪λǰǰɽˡأ
ƽлأһʧ㻬ˡ
лأҪô˵¡
ʦֳûмơᣬۼˣʵľǡʦ𣿡
лضЩˣǵҵϣǣҲ÷ѾˣǡǺǣ£һܵģҾһͨˣȱ˶˼̤һ;ʶ
ʦҲ
üһҪȻܱػòٺôлزðˡ
Сʦ壬Ϊʲôң治֪Ҳûƭ㣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôܽ⴦þҲ֪ΪѰǴռ䡣Ǹ¶񵽣һֱڶԭͨسƽƽ档
򴽣ҪѰܰæĵطһЩҳд鼮ķᣬҰʦʮ־
ûǻ̧ͷٲһۡ
þĻʯľͷĳַĴڣûиӦ
Ĳܸô
лسԲ׼ǲǽ˵һûڣֵǸˡСʦ壬ǣֲǡʲô˼
û˵ле㲻ʱͻȻһԴ°˶˳Щ͸Цһ£¶ŲϸʵǸСԪҵĽ塪
лأ
¡ɱлʶǸḻˣϵаЦǵǳʽĪ㤡
лӲͷƤǫʸ¡ʲôˣ
ˣǡ
͸ӰӵĻδ䣬Ȼˣ˫ָȥ磬ֱԷšӰ˿壬üЦһһ˳һ߻лգ۾ħŶ
лϻ㲩ǿʶһĻȴ֪Χħֿʽİ
ұȽϲһȽϳȻҲǿһ㡣ӰӸɴ˳յлظǰҵһӵԼʶİٶǰһηԼ
˵ŻӵȻ̧һģǿķǵӰӡ
롣üűȷŻҪ԰һЩ
л㶡
˵ϲ˵ʿܹսʤħĻһ¥ôΪʲôŷˣ
ΪһڰӰðһͷֻؿȸոո͸Щ
üͷһ壬ƺӰӣɿ㿪˻ȥ
лգСĵʣԣСʦ۾Ĵйϵ𣿡
θɡһָֻۣĮȲʦ֣㲻Ҫҵ¡
лأXӺѿ
ʵôл˵ҽӿռԺʲôΪͻȻصɣ˻Ǹ˭Ϊλᱻץߣ
һۣתߡ
лæȥסȵȣȵȣֻһ⣬ϣСʦ֪
׼ȥ
Ѱڻشˣûˣȥ飬ôоôȥɡ
𡣡
л죬˼Ҫô˵
һֵļ䣬ħѰԸͬܡ
˵ҪΪƴҲҪӲ󷨷ǿ϶ĽȻô޲󷨣
ɲл뿴Ļ档
ǲ޲֪Ҫδ⣬лл£ллأ绹֪̫֮٣޷
֮ܶ
Ѱлû˵ֳסӣ˵ܴܲң
л˵
ɾ˼ʮ飬©ɵĲʲôģеĻд̫˾˵Ǵ
˵ǰôû˲Ǳ=_=Ҳ̫ϲǰǲͬһˣɴûô趨


51 
л, ȸȥĵʱ˵Ȩ, ɿһԾͷģ, źѳС
ǿɲ̫, ĶݣȻϣлػܼķΧڰЩæ
ȻǾҽл°ģ˸ûʵɣҶԡҶǽЩ棬ѧϰ

лػӡ
, ʶ˴, ˼ôܾ
û뵽, ȻӦˣ͸Űɡ
л΢ȡ
ٲ, ޱϲ뿪˴˵ء
ûлأлֻԼɷʽ, ϡлķ, Ȼô򵥵¶
ڽյĽǰ£ԭվһȸоǸСӵĿ, Ž, Էɳ
ܴڰӵʱ, 㹻лطɳ
Ϊ˵ǡлΪֱ뿪, û뵽׷һ, ķȥˡ
ף
ڡ׷ȥ͡ȥϪǡ֮ԥһ롣
, ҪѾѣǵ˶ӣлԼҲҲˡ
ʵں֮ǰ£޷˵ط˱塣

ӣ˳ȡֽдȼʻװһľͲҵϡ
ȥϻԴǰҰŽǣǲڣͻҡ
ɱϲСߣèģԶԸϤҲ
лصķԸءһ̤Ʒˡ
ձ岻룬˵û˭ҹл꣬⻹ǵһɽеš
Ҫƽ͵ö࣬һ·ʮְʯϳɫ̦޺·ɽ̣˾ס
ͻֵͦġ
ô˵ɽҲ۵ӲǣҲ֪ȥ
лһ·ûˣҲûʲôֱӷɵɽ
䵽ϣȶһ
䣬ΧҶˮ飬ǻĳ˪
ͷһ·оɽƺҲûߵתĳ̶ȣĵա
ƽʱסĵطôôӡ
ǰҲûӣֻһõɽϢͣڴ˴
ˣл룬߹ȥ
ߵúСġɽˣƽ͵ĵطδûл󷨣ÿһϡֱлߵڶûƺû˼
ǰһ¡
ԺסɣдСȪ̶ȴֻһҲ㡭ǣʲô飿һռһɽͷƷĴͷúúллʦС
ûѽС㵹Ӧһ˵ô໰أôһ£
һš
л㶣к̶
ѹطô䡣
ҲĻ֮һлλǰķڣʵΣῴЩ̫֣Ȼɢȥֱ߽˶
ɽû濴ô䣬ʯڿʮֹ⻬һģֻԽߣԽ˾䡣ʿз壬þóԲ֪лؾ粻㻹Ǵ˴ʵ̫䣬ʯı˪ʱڻ̲סҳˡ
в·٣ϢԣлػǺܿҵ
վĳƷĶĬؿš
лԭصȴһûΪڷ̲סʵСʦ壬ڸأ
ʿһ̶ʯͨˮȴǴʯͷٺʲҪȴ˵ǰѽʦֻ֣ѰңûС
ʿ˵ʦҪ
ʦָĶϹ޼ǣСһ룬ʮܼ31322Ʒһ⣬ȫúţûǼ̶ʯ
ûУʱʶ̽ȻûС
˵꣬лؿȥʦ֣õһĶߡ˭
л۵һŵĻңС
һ
лȫ飬˶ŵǰĻҿ飬ӦоСʦ壬ǡ̶ʯܷ
ô֪䵭Ҷûо
ͺѰ죬лӲͷƤǰд޲֮ǿԵģǰҲ˵Сʦ塭ң
޵ĽԼѪιӲϿʼսӴ˵ʦҪǿʯͷȷΪ˸Լ
ЦһϵĶˣԼǰʯͷ˰ɡ
˵žߣһ仰˵ַŭ˵лһͱܵס
¶ԺС˵£ҲֻСлغףһСšҲˡǴʲΪ˾ֻǡˡ
ʱҪ¶ԺʦȥڵģϾСƤ
лסĶְҵ
Ŀ˹лزŷԼûԹӦ״һƬհףǴˡ
ô
лؿĿİͰ͵ŴʣҪȻң
ܾҴӲùҲǷǡ̶ʯɡ
ǡ
ǴʿĶֻ˵л˾ͻң˵Ƕɡ
л͸лض룬ΪΪֹллµļ䣬󵽷ħԨСʲôС£ֻСʦ͡ʦܡˡ
˵ʿµִ䣬Ԫ񣬶ʱȥĥʱ걻߿ģһִ
ңӺ˵ǺҪˡ
ҾãⶫӦУ壬ڱϡл˵ǰ˵˵ʮ־ǰʦ棬ҲʮֹΨһʦܣֻ©ˣǡͣһأ
һ
εͷУȻᣬҡ
лأ
ͺˣҶųʶɨһ¼ɣֻԼ
ûϤ
˵꣬һվɽڲٳһģ
лΣűʯڣѻ˻ȥ
Ҿҡ
̫࣬ټ˵ûУлҲû̫˴ȵ߿ȷ±ܲضĵطж٣ϣƮġ䡹ܸʾ
ɽ·࣬ҲֻǰǸǿյģʯҲ⻬Ǳý
ԽڣڱԽлҵС·е㰤ס﷭촩ĺϡ
·һ·ϣƣȻɽһͷ˳ȥлظ̤ڣ̤ʲôӡһ㣬ķѩͷһ
ǰһϵɽ
һֺĪԤУлȥ
ûˣɽ帲Űѩţߵƽ̹һȪˮɽ滷ƣˮӣֻΪɪ
طĺֱҪ˹ͷлضָ̽ˮ£˻
Ǻ̶Ǻ̶
Χɽϣнĺۼи˵˵ĵطһһݡ⣬ʱлز⻰ʲô˼ڣһЩۼ;۾̫󣬶һ;һɷ֮еᵽ˺Ϊ⡹
ͣô˵أʱҪɨ˴Ļǻͦġ
طܲضӣԭ·ȥˡ
ʾʱġ
лվ˺Ȼһ£һԽ̶ˮС
ʦô찡ôʯͷ˵ﲻĻɣ
ΪʲôҪ㣬ǰӲСİСëˣң϶ǲյġ
ʲôֲǹģҵҲҪһᰡСƢô󣡡
Ŷ̶ʯصҴֻġʺǸʡҲ֪ȱΪֶԱ˵зĶ˵ٺʲôֱùȥǲա
ŶǸطջȥֵᷢĵط


ɽڣĿ˼
ʶУǸʱԼƴ
˵ˣ㣡㻹ΪǶﰡ
ǧǧԶʿС޶ѣ޲ɽ֮ˣãΪ˭ãΪжر𡭡
Ѱɣɷǣ˸ĸѪ׵ĵùϣû˻İ㡪
ء
䲻һĻХüٿ۾
ܽķǡ̶
ճĵط۾ҲҵһǴͿֻΧź̶ת
ɽоõΧ̶ˮתǡ
һ١
һ̣һӣӱˮ̳ʪ

лؾˣˮǺһĿԡ
˶ڵϣӸ£ҸܰԼҵˮȥ
ҡȡȿȣл̧ͷе㼤ҵˣ
Ȼôɫϣлص۾ȴˡһ㶣ҵˣ
ţˮ¡л˵еòҪͷԡ
ˣ
δ䣬Ѿ˳ӡ
лأ
ȻֻҪй飬ķӦͺܴء
û˼룬֮ȡůҲܻɽˣлضżҳװбõĲ̣ԿػȼһѣϽʪһ£ֻ˼¡
ڻѱߣڳתĿػǿǿӵĻж
Ա߲
ϻ˵¶ȣлظɴٽһЩ˿ȥ˳óڲϵľͲ
ɱдģּ㹤ȼʽлʧٺָ˳㸽Ǵзıʡ
һ·ϵţԼ͸¶ֻƬлܽһƴ
ҴʿҪδؾоԪ񡭡˵ħ߳⣬㽫˳·˻ߣ޳ɷŴҵĵڣǱ֮У֪Ϊζ£˰ܡ
֮ǰȥ˵£ֻǡ
л˼
û˼ƺǣͬɷЩϵ
ȷʵûԵ޹ʵɺϣ±ǧ˿Ƶϵ
ޡ
ļйĲԼޣ˴խΪ˸Ǻл֮⣬лضǺӡ
˺һŴˮгʧˮлزͬǵˮδմŵúܣ·ûˮȥ
лë̧ۿСʦ壬ûҵô
ҵˡ
ǡô˫ֿտյģ
ˣû̶ˮѹǶó
кܲõĺ𣿡лػǵǾ䡸ʹ͡²š
࿴һۣӰ쵽ѡ
лأ
֪ˣ΢
лµķôһϣȷС׼ס
Ĳ˵˵ѩܲס
뵽л̧ͷ죺Сʦ壬ķѩͣ𣿡
š
󷨣
š
ûðлĴ˿Ȼô
š
Զ£ּлضһԵۡ
ûѿʵڸɵ̫ˣȫɱ
һ̣ѣڵϣЩ·ȴǸˡ

л죬佱Ļû˵ڡ
佱һλΨһĹһʿ
֪ǲǴ״̬ûղôΣˣΪҵµĶô
ҵˡ̶ʯСʦǲҪ뿪ˣлֽСĵʣȥͬŴкô
ɱϴƽ±˿ĺͷģֻʦֵĻ¿Ĵбܻܣܡ
лؾ뿪ǰһ棬ٴк
£һۡ
Ϊ˰
лĸ̣ȴЦⲻϣСʦһȡ
ȥʱЩҪ
˵꣬лص·лؽӹһüһϴſ»
ڶͲ˼֮䣬лͼѡߣСʦ壬ܲҲæ
ˣлûͿʼ¡ƤûôףѩһƬװĻУۡ
䲻ƳһĻϱŪɵĴ멾ͳͷҡлشӺصԴЩСʦ壬ҪǲԸֱ˵ûҪŵ
ȻҲԽ
лֻðѸµŷŵǰ档
ҡ
򣿡лɻȥǲԸ
²֮͡·ȥǼӾһأ·ѻָ¶̫Źۡ
лأŶ
ǹ˱Ƚϱˡ
תȥһ㣬ҽ·ϡлذѵקڴ멵İ¼ѵػ·
Ž멷£ʼ·
ȻǱ߿ȺͬŻƽٻѰСʦ塣лس񣬡Сʦصҡ

ˡ
Ƶš
ɽķبŲһ
ʲôΪʦ
ûУʦ֣Ϊʲôʦֲͬأ
㣬ûر𡭡
뷨˰࣬ൽԸ⿿
üԼĿһͣץǶԴ
ָס
סڣ۵׺ӿһһٵض˵ңסڡ
סڣסڸ㰹뷨ڸһСӵʦ뷨
ʦ֡һһ߷·ظһ飬ʦ֡þĽֻʦֿɽҲǡ
Ҳţʦֲˡ


52 
е, леĻҪҡ
ɽһ·ϣƬҵ֣ʱû, ӱ, ŷԭǡ
ɽͱµĵ, ʱҲвٶѵģɽȻֲѹס
žûôǽʱ
лԾͼԶԴ״ۣȻѴﵽ豹档
ѲֵصĶǸոսŵС, ҲԪĹʦ, ȴ˸߽׵ĵ, ллزķ, һͺܸ߼
Ƕ˿üͷһ壬ӭλʦ, Ļй䣿û֪ͨȥܻ𣿡
лҪ, ͼ׺ԶԶλʦܡ
ת񣺡ʦ֡
ȥѲ߰ɣ׺޽Ǵ, תͷл, Щ棺ʦ˵ӭһšлʦ, ʱģôǴӡ
˵ʦ, ûʱ͡
׺Ǹú, лض˵ĵĻ, ̲ס˳ǡ
˸ɽ͵Ľ󻰷һתΪʦ֣ʦҪ𣿡
Ŷǵǡ׺޹Ȼתעʦ˵ҹӭһӭ㣬Ҫʲôһ¡лʦܣҪʲô
Ҳûʲôǻȥһ¼λͬšлƽȻֲһ䣬ȿͬţСʦɽ
Ŷ׺ԺζؿһۣѹʦҪӭأлʦܣǡ
лر﷢ëʲô
ǿߡ׺޳Ĵָ踺صǿߡ
򣿡׺ҿ˿ߴսˣѹ˵Сʦźʲô˵ãǰòСҪǰúãû˵Ҫûû߲´Сʦ뷨ɾͲˡСʦţ޵һǶһƣҾͷͬСʦ˵ϻѾˣû뵽ԸɽƽΪСʦ尰ǰ󣬺ɣ
лأ
׺޵ļ磬̾ʦ֣ˡ
׺һͷˮ˵أôң
Ϊҷ֣ĴһȣԭСʦһлصܸҶ˵仰
׺ޣ
Ҫһл˸񣬡ͷʦ·
ǺϪڼȫȫβлʱͿ߻׺Ÿɥ׺ޡ˱̸Ķˣæʣֳʲô𣿡
ûûС׺æ֣ûʲô£Ųòˣȥһһлʦܳȥġ
˵ʹʱĽȥˡлĿ꣬תͷˣôܽţ
঵ģҲа˭ɷɱ̾һظ磬Һû£ʦȻǿ׵ġ
лأۿҪֿ
֪Щƣƴͷһһؽв˵һԶ˵ˡ
ǽŵȻҲɡɽ֮˽ߣܿѲе״ӽ˻Ᵽ˵궼δбŵӵһߣضΣ֮Уܽ˲ĵ
ɽеʦ˵ɷü˺ʦԼλƷ˴űѡ¬棬ûһµģؿʣظ룬һƺͱ׷˰ɽôɷжֲ
лػû˵һ·ĵǵ̸ͣǻǰǰ񻯵ɽﺰһҹײ˺üΣڽסǡ㣬ûҶû˯
лգۣʵʿҲ˯ġ
ǵӣô·ưñº
Ƭ̣Էǽˡ
ɱ̿ظ磬㵹Ǹ˼ӡ
Ҿ˵ʵлصҲǸ˵һе£ҪСʦɽ·ǲͬˡ

Ϫ죬ʵѵǲҲʦô
԰԰¬ƴͷ㲻֪һǰָжҪҲŸʦ漸գΪѴгʦĲֿɰС𣿣
лһ񺮣ʲôʱôˡ
¬ϿҵܹǰָĺôظҲ乷ȵġ
лأ
ҲԣҪкͬΪʿļ䣬֮·ܸһЩлϸԲһվԼǰ״ãǾΪ˶˽Щ˽ʳģлشԼҲҪȵġ
ǣôһ룬лؾ¬źСʦڡһؼĵطҲ˺þòӦʵģҲһͬ⡣Ȼһһر壬׿Сʦ壿
ˣ
¬һǾˣظ磬ߺãǶѰԼ
лأ
лأ㾹ȻŬһ£˵õĽһŷâ¶ʢأ
ǶԴУʦ棬ΨһĹһʿ¬дʣ·ǴģֻǰǴʦҸõ
ˣ
ɱ̣ۡ
лεҡҡͷЦ
˵˵˵ظɡ
ţ
תлһ·ľ
лԼҲŪףͬ˵ֻͷȥβ˵ԼһؾУЩС
ϵĴлΪǷҲһЩƧ֪ʶʱûԵľлصĻûǻɣϾʱҲǿͽġ
Ҫϧλᰡظ硣Ϫ˫ģʦѧϰ϶ѧٶǰͰзһ졣
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ǣ㻹ء¬ҲȥӣǶúеûģ
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л㶡
׺̾˿ʦ˵֮Сʦ̫¶ˡ
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ɽеŲΣգһһǰУ֪ĵؽ硣
׺ֹסɽ˹֣лʦܣǰұ㲻ˡ
Ųƺǽš
лغòסЦװģȫɽ
һ˵ʲôлصĻУɽʱľӦɽʱ졣
Ȼڻص̶ǰȴʽڱеӡ
ڽжվͷű̴ҪѨɽϵġħ
ɢȥЩлؿһУǰеĲ˶١
Сʦ壿̽źһ䣬㻹𣿡
ʲôŰİãΪʲôôϲԼħ˵Ԫͱӣ


53 
ͣһ, ̵лû֡
ûлͷִӵϰγһħʺͱ˹ȥ
Ҫ졭Էϡ
һĿڡ
ǷΡ
ħЦ˵ȷ, Һã, Ľأ
֮, ִӵϰγһƺĥóȥ
лؿõսľΪӪСĵؿȥСʦ壿
һ£ħַһҽС
Ҿ徣лػһ
ʵҽ, ⿴԰׵ɫ, Ҳ֪⽣ȥ, ˵, ħ˵ĻҲле⡣
Ҫһġ
֪ͷлٴΰγһʱ˹ȥסĸ첲Сʦ壡ס֣ʲô벻˵, ΪҪ
Լ
лû˵, ȥƲлһ˳ȥлϻˣʹɿ, ˱˦һ,۵ײһʽϡ
˻, ûѹϡ
ѣϿڴҪл˿, ֻ˵ŵĹ, Ķ
ĺۡ
л۵, ҪסСʦ塭
ţħǶصϻصħĴЦ
ôأ
߻ħˣȻ̶ѹߵǿڿ۳һ˿ͷӶѧǡ
֮
ô˼ˣȻôϧԼ
ŹֵͷĪлͷ˵ۣõʶһͻȻһȥ
ݡ
űеĳɹȥĽײ֮ʱֹͣ˶ͷ΢΢һƫ
۾һƬڣȴлؿЩãȻԼڱɻ
лԴվϸۣȷ̫ѡ
֪ոյͷġ
Ҳ
ˣ˵
Сʦ壬ѵ𣿡лһ顣
ضδ
ðɣǼȻлسź̶һۣ߹ȥˡ
л˵꣬⧲رס̶һ
ͨ
̶ˮ˲û
⺮̶ֱͨͷ꣬лزͣĬػǾԼҪ̶ˮ
ˣҲûɿŬס֣ϣ̶ӡ
ʱһһȥҲΪ£𽥱òʹ
ϢϮ
лţǲǸȥˡ
ɴʱˣֿסлصԲݾܾ˴ˮ
ʲô˰Ҳǽ˱ˮôϲˮ̶
ⴿԩˣлض÷ɫ԰ףȻãСʦ壬ֻϣ侲㡣
ͷһۣħ֪ʱûӰֻʣһѳɽϴһΡ
Ҳ֪ôħŲ˵а˰һǧķл˵ղſšԾ
һ֣·¡
Ŷ
лְŪʪ·ˣ֮ǰ˵šǰ˦ϵĺһסԼ
ǰĻѻδϨֳɵģʪ·ܵѱ£˼̡
һ·Ūɣ˦ǰδãŵȥ
лؿۿӵֶס
޷ѩů͡û̧ͷɫһɽ
лرѡ
˳ǣɽ
ǰлػͷصĳü뿪ˡ
ڲԸ˵Ҳûá
ֻǡ֡
ΪͻȻĽɫСˣ

ڶ峿лغˡҹ˸ոձңս£ңлȥչʦܵΣΪڣҲ˯ȥ
һȾﲻԡ
ϴӰɫ衹ķȻڡ
Ѿһҹˣⷨ˲ҪĻ
ле֣û˼ȥûͨʱ⣬ɽߡ
Сʦ壿ų˷ѩķΧĿں̶У̶ˮһֱûļ򡣾ɫǲ԰ףϵɫȴǰ˺ܶࡣ
лز뵽е龰
лµһμСɺġ
߻ħǸͳƣϸлµļУһ֡
˻׷׷ΪΨһͨѧţΪУѰԼġ֮ȥ
żлججѰʿҲΪ޷ͻƣû䳤С
˵ѰʿһҪĵһҲҪһ¡
ҲһЩʿΪѰԼġűе·ģ֡ʱͻСȴΪбѰԼġ츳ԼһЩл¼ʱСϳŴҵ̥ԳֻңңШסѨû취ʦصš
ŵΪṩϵţʵټңӺʦͽ˵ϤչˣǸС֮ϵӴ˽һǧ
ֻԭ߻ħĸӣҲѹ֮ħˡ̡
лߵ̶ߣۣ붨룬ûٴţصɽз顣
ͷ˲µĵ伮ԭʱʱóѧϰģʱá
ƾһЩʱֵƬ䣬ӶԵ伮Ϥ̶ȣлغܿҳƽľҲöп棬ʺϵ緹
ڶ˻ѣ֧ʳĺҩģ¹ˮ
ʱһɻҩϢʳζڶ
лԼ룬ҳǵĲ״򷭵СװŻص̶ߡ
Сʦ壿źһ
ۣлЦһ£˻еСѣЩһɡ
㶡
ȣħ벻ͣĿǿ궯ѹȥ˰
̶ˮЧģٴʱǰĻþܶࡣ
лӹСѣͷһ
лҲ֪ûȹ˼ǰȷˣҴǰдҵ˵Сƽľܻ֢֮״ζ֪Բԣ֮ȡźȣ
֮⣬ǰȹģζԣҲ벻Ҫ衣
꣬ʦֵ
ǡлظɴཫǱ˳Լ¼İ汾ȷûԭǱزȥˡ
ַҳֽݻȥ۵ζпɡ
л۾һǡ
νƽľҲشĻ룬ħܿⶫ⣬ϲôʹ֮ˡ
лʧȥ
ִܿ񣺡Сʦ壬ڿϳԼʹ˰

Ŷлظ˵ѣҲʹ࣬˵ܱȲ˵á
ɣΪ˸Ӵ򲻳һƨŻħסԼôꡣ
ʲô벻أ
һδ⻰ʲôۡСѷŻлУ˳ֿסֻ˵
лʣ͸оһɿº͵ӿ˴ǵطʱûôˡ
죬ĬĬϡ
̶Ч
컹ۼžҪˣͱºˣ֪ҪԼʰ̯ӡ
лؾãŻţ᲻Ҳ̶ԭ
Сʦ壬Ǻʱ
ڡ
󣬴ӵϼ˼װԼɽУһѣлأתɽ·ȥ
⻹лصһμⶫСһûס̲סʣСʦ壬Ľǳʲô𣿡
û˵
һֱȷɽ¿ڣⳡĳĬ
޵ĽǵĻ˵ûԼĽֻĽһɻž֮ҵĵ
лգգۣǡβ𣿡
ˣȻ޽ҷڿžͲ̫Ծ״̬
δ̬Ĭϡ
ǣл˵ðһ䣬ĵʲô
һûȵ̲סʣڣǶԼĵ𣿡
ʮ꣬ͻʡͻȻڡ
лزٽ˰̣æѾˣýϸڡ
ҲûпɽϸڣֱԺЩսˡ˵֮ʱǼѪɺաʱ롭
ĮȻ߿Զһһ˵һ䲻ƽؼ
л졣
⻰֮⣬ȴд
ʱʿʱΣܹʮִлʱ̲ס뾾סʿ죬һ䡰ֺ࣬
Ҳѹֵʱ뷨
ǣأ
뷨
һδв̤֮أеǰ֮һ֮
ҡδ䣬ħȻ˳лزЦ˵һĻޣңǸͷβų򡪡
ĮȻһ̣ħĲӽɢ
л̾˿Ͳɣħ˵״εģûʲôӪ
ǸСʦ壬˵֪һֲʱֻ鲻ã֮˸޷ԼΪֳ֢״ԣ˺ʹ࣬Ϊ޲Ҿ˵ħĲ˵ЩĲų޷ǡԼʱ䣬֮õ;ĵط
һлأûо֣ⷬ

ʦʦ壬ʦôȻͷڶ˫ֱȲҳΪһȰĿǣ
ԻȻֹ
û𰸣·ֻһ䷴лԼת˸зӯ졣
Ϊʲô
лȻӰ̫ԶǸʦ֡λá

ʶ֮лزٶʣĵ˸ȡ
·ΪڼӹħԨӡĹѰһԸֻҪСʦ廹û裬Ĳ־ֲлָժ
һպǽ뱱ؽ硣
ƫ䡢ɽŲҶֲлһġտ䵽ϣʣСʦ壬ʲô
Ӱǧǧ곤ǧ꿪ǧѩ֮£һĻЩֵڣǿʢȡá
ⶫڽڽǰһֱǿʢڣʹٱһǧꡣ
лؽŲһ٣Сʦ壬⻨ڡǴӶǰʼģ
û߰˰ˡ
ǣǰʦǰ÷ӡʱ⻨ӦÿšлسϿҵΪǲⶫ
ΪЧ̫ǿ˰Сʦ壡ʦֻħ·أ
˭֪ʦʦֹĴȣһ·ЦⶫȾǿö࣬ŻӲħʹ಻
˵ħôа𣿡
ааͬҺθɡ˵ħޡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ˶٣ȻлؿһۣʦַΪʧܣ
Ҫô֪лЩΡ
˵ǲķʧ˻˵
ֻͣ÷ǳζ̬ȿлһͷת˻ȥ
лأ

ʱ۾һͲ̫Ҳǣ·ʱҪôڷɽϣҪôĻϯصģƬˮĿյЪϢ
лصװȫγһζȣҲԵ¶ӪжຮסΨһʵ¶һ˵ûƽľЧһҪлÿ쳿ʱ롣
Ƶлزòʱ·ǷʳҩĿԲ棬һԲϷ衣
ԼͱԼ»̫ˣлƽ͵ؿš
Ǹ·ͱøӰƮ첻ֵĵصʱ任Զ˻㣬ʱֻһ·򱱣߱㣬Ҳ˶¡ôԳԺȺһڣ㵽ȷλãлǴɡ
쵽ĿĵʱȻͣ
һü߳ǰȥɷ
ǰһƬӲݴĿյأлʲôûֻ𣿡
ͷ
𣿡
ҡͷ
ҲȻۼģ
֪
ĿǰΪֹɷĳֲûʲôɣһֱڴⶫҲ·;˳ֽһЩ
лطǰУɷ¡
ǰһ˵ĻĴ壬збӦкܳʱˡ
˼ﶼûУɷ׼˭ü˵
лص˼ûȵģѾϰ߶ԷֻٵķˣǳԾ⣺˵ʲô
ʵڴʿĶǰݽҲֹɷĺۼˡҲǵĿ꣬ʽУĴȥվȡ
Ŷ
ԾĻĴ壬лطִͳһСʡ
·ڵѾǸĸˡ
Ϣ֮󣬻Ĵָ˸ɾлʣûߴپ׷˹ȥ
ȡлһ̤˵
ǰǼӰĵطǰ濪·ߡ
Ĵλڳɽ֮䣬ĴǱѩһ·ǰܿһƬⲻͬĵ棬ջ۵ߺĵ档
мոһĳ޺ۼлͷǰ׸ߵĶڣƺ󶴣
ʯ󡣡ܵ
лػû棬ʯ󣿡
̳ȥ֪ȴ̧˶Ѩ֮С
л̧Ÿϡ
¶Ȼߣװıѩڴ˴ӰԽߣɽھԽĳֽᾧɫ
Ϊ̻гĺӣȻ֪ʯʵһܹĿʯһ㶼ɴŰѳֿɣٸ̺ȲͬɽԼ׳ɵĹиͨûҵӡ
гʯǡǮҲҩʱҪʹõĲϡ
ǰȻһѾڿյķеŨȲлʱõľŨȸߡ
ĺȣԽԽȡ
һ·£·࣬·ڵʱ䡣ûã˹սһ·˴ɽѳɫΪ󣬶
Ѳͨĵ棬ʯͷٴҺγһСӣסȥ·ڳ룬һ使εĻ
֦ţǲظͷǹӰΪʯͷγɵġˮ桹ϣ仨ĵӰ
ӳ
лس￴һۡ
šôһ仰ų˹ȥ
βĽ䷢ͨһʹ۾ֱʮлۿź˪ĽӰΪĴ֭սϰٸغϣһ˪סӰΧռ䣬·ȡ·档
Һľʯڻ䱻ժºָܿӲȡ
ˡ˵ųл߰ɡ
ȵȣСʦ塣лؽסûоãŨȱһ㣿
ǷϿ󣬼ӰҲԶѰŨȸߵĵط֡
ѵûܻ©Ŀ𣿡
һ١
лؿ֫Գ͸ˣ˷ܵĿа𣿡
ǡʯ󰡣
¼һأ


54 
ĸطĿ, ԭռݵųʱٶһЩп󡣡ؿлأǱ󡢿ɽ
лأ
ˣڿӵнˡ
ǾԺллúܿ
, ˵ͳһŻƷֽͿʼ, ûɰīո͸, ָȼˣɻɢ䵽С
ûķһֱĶ
Լġлûע⣬˵𣬡̫Ϊ˼һЩʳĵ򣬾ͻô, ûʲô, ֻ, պѰˡ
, ü
ʱлǡ̧ۣע⵽԰׵ɫ, ʱһ㶡
¿˿, ûǸħӰ˼ȥԥһ䣺Сʦ, ǲʲô˺Լˣ
ͷƫ, ڶ˫
лرס, ΢΢ʣû˼, ˵ˡ
Դһ׵, ֻѰʳģ
лһ㶣õ, ҲϲɱɱҸʳĲְɣ
˵
лشĳĬ֣֡ΪԼ⣺Ҳûıɷ涨ҳԵİ˵ܼ򵥡
лġ
вͬı˳ͼвͬĺ壬һ·󣬱ƲһԲٹصͼ⡹ټעõ޶ͼָˡຬ塣
ͼ׷ٷлöִһЩ÷лˡʶСԼ˼ضͼԺ󣬾ܻһż򵥵ġǷ
ǡǷ̬ʱЧлעķȻɢȻĲϸĽ֮ڡǷѾڻʱעǶƣʱЧҲлԼƣֻҪķάֵޡ
˷ṹ򵥣˶ᴴ·˵
Ǽ򵥵ĽͼϣͬķͬĽ׶ζԷƵҪ󶼲ͬЩҪضԵܴ߶
һʿ;òˮķ·󿪴ϵʿҲҪϸٿصķ˵кܶ˸ƴÿһȡÿһĺ壬һЩöĳ÷Ū⣬ֶǲ
ҲǻþãŶʶ˼÷ר
ʦȴоġ
ŪףʦΪζصţȴϡ
ȲԸϣΪηҪһ·
Ƣãʦֶ׽ǰΪһҪСͬʦֳһܣ׶ˣ֪ɽٵʦ֡
ȷΪʦֳ˼ܣʦֲûɽٵ¸ʦֱͲ˵ֻ񻹼ǵÿʱԼеѡ
ҲǱû
ΪʦְƽȻ׷Χ˵󷨣û˻᲻ܲ˵س׷Χ
˶£л¶ܶɽٳɹף⣬ֻܲ
ʦʦֻܺá
׺ĸҲܺá
Ƕ

лؾؿɫԽԽѿԼð˺
ģűɽħӻһЩ
лصѾˣҲ֪Ļܻᷢ۸˵£룬СسСʦ壿
ûзӦԼУոջǲ԰׵µת˲ֱɲ̬ĺ죬״̬Σ֡
Сʦ壿Сʦ塭лغûȵӦļͲ˼๧ǲ壬ԡСʦ塹ƺϤʶؿס󣬴һ
һϣֱʶһ˲̧ͷһۣģ䣬ֲ֪Ϧ֮С
ʦ֡
лһ㶣˻֣Сʦ壬㿴ʦֶ
عлϡ
лգգ۾
֪֪м񡣡ͻȻ˵
л죬û˵
ʵ֪Ͼֽ֪Ҫҵ˸ǰǺ
ĺɢ˿ȥ˱ۣʱࡪɫɲ԰֮⡣
߰ɡ˵žת
лرˣʶס䣺ȥĶǱ߰
ͷָһۡ
лѸɿ
̧ۣ㲻Ҫʯ󣿡
лأ
лأ
۾һСʦ壬һΪ㲻Ըҡ
δ䣬תɽȥлشҴҸϣţȻʲôԼǰľա
ü
ôһǰˡ
Ϫ˵е仯֮лؾʱʱעԼȷʵŷǰò仯
ͻȻʶһ⡣
һ죬ߣǰԼģáô죿
ҪǱл£̫ðɣ
˵ĸʾȷ˵صʹл룬ģĻӦʲô䡣
Щһ붼Բϡ
޹ɾ֪ǺҪĶĽƾǲ˵ʲôתġ
˵ȷӵǰļ䣬֪Լһȫͬ磬Ըᡣ
ǷУá
е
˶㣬šüعͷʲô
лػع񣬽ˣ

ⶴܴ
ƹһ֮ǰȻʣе·öͣߣ鲼ι״ʯ˴û뾧ʯɽк
лزΪ·ˤӡʵߵе졣
ҲΪߵ÷ƽأ֮󣬶˾ͽ뵽һĶѨС
ﷴû־ʯڣԼģлػǸжϣͷĴţʣвпô
š
һΪʯΪʯŻģл˵ﷴûС
Ǿʯ

ʯӣûǷϿ󡣡С
лһŷӦ˵
ȵȣΪʲôʲôûСл˵žȥ֪һ١
һ˿ʮ΢Լ仺ٶʣ˵лȫûио
ָɽĳ
šһۣһǰл˳˼
оվɽҳһʽνһ
䣡
һ죬쳾
лסڱǣҳ価¿ȥֻɽһĽۣȴûʲôرĶ
ûףȥֻԷֽһһµĽ
µĳѡ
лšü
һͷɻңлæűֳˣ˵ĸܡ
֪̫ãû뵽ôá
¬˵ǽ޷塣лصǳֻɽڣӦòγԣŪŷĳ
ⶫͨȴҲʲô֮
ֻ˵Ѳܺܺõؿ

ΨһĹһ֮ӡ
뵽ڵξ֮лشҴҳܹȥͼֽ֣Сʦ壡ҲˣҲǷҪɡ
ʯ˭һʱ
ƫͷ
価гһУһԶ˹
סֵݸлء
ʯ
ӵɽʯϣ¶ƬʯеɫʺʵأԼյУܸоƽʹùʯ˵Ϥо
лصעߣʵȻأĴʯеܵõʯƷ׺͵ӡ
ʦ֡
лػһ٣̧ͷ
ڶ۾עǲˣ
лأ
лأҲǡ
ִѣǰһΪʲôˣȴԸͬϣ


55 
, ȵȣСʦ壬˵, лЩ, ˱˵,Ĳǡ
֪ԹԵ˵ΪȺħޱߣȴ𱨣˳ǡǣɽ֮
лһ㶣ɽٻĻ
֪, ͬҳһ, Ҳûҹħ鷳ӡ, ҲѰˡ, ʦ֣㻹ҵô
ٴγǹĺħд, лذ, ʶˣȴײʯϡ
Сɽô󣬳ƹӶܳȥ, ȻӲ
㲻ԭҡһ,Щ, ʲô壿
治л£лͷۣҲħ, ԼĻ, ʱͰһ, гҵҲϣԼǣô֮꣬ǰͽ𶼲֪˶ٴΣСʦ壬Ȳ˵ҵ͸ѰдֶԲϣҡҾͲ˰
һֹס˽Ųڶ۾
׼
ýǺͷл˿˵֪ܷ˼ǡԭһˣΪһȥ֪͡Ϊʲô˴˵һӤ·ңҵٺ£СʦӦö֪Ҳ֪ҿܺƣǰļĲ
û
лֵô껹Ǹ˵˵ŵѰһӱһΣӦÿʮֻһΰɣôҲҵԲϰǰҶʮͳˡ
˵ϸһӦò֪ʲôĿڵ⡣
Ĳһ׼ȷ˵
лظоԼΣСʦ壬Ϊ˰ҵԼˮƽڵġ
㵱ʦ
лز𣬵здˡȻء֡
Цһ
лǿʯʣϲô
ȻϲģȻҪѰҡлĦʯͷ棬ӻ
ԼǻҪñӡ
ʦֶЩܸȤۣĿ͸лؿźܾǰϲޣһж棬Ҳ˵ϲˮʯһ質
лһ㶡
ȻԼˮʱЩ˽
աۣЦһ£Ȳϳϣˡ
л˿˵ɶã׷УɣҲֻԸ
ҲҪϡһתвϵģʦ֣Ѱꡭʦ֣Ҳٷˡ
仰˵õͳɭлؼûӦ͸оԼˣҲ޷
߹˪ϾȻһ˿Цݡлر˱ϣûΪãܲġ
лأ
лأ
񾭲
лؿڲԣܶһ·ɽϷƶ˼ȥòΪ²ۺе
ȷʵв˼Уڡ߻ħˡĻ
ô˵ƼҲʣһʱѾ߻ħˣȽ׽ͣΪμеңӶмӣһµģ
ħʱô
ǡ֮
Ϊʲô
лʲôˣԾͱȽϻԾһûһ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳû˵ֻǾлصĺԼȶȡʱҲлһΣָƺڲࡣ
Ρ
ֻҪھˡ
ţȥ
˸̤ڣʶ
ųӭ洵żһ㣬Ѹٺ󳷣ȴһ
ϸոѰġʦ֡޿ˣһ¡ͷܵԼɫ£̧ۿĴ巽
㻹ûûˡ
ʲôûûˡЦⲽȴԴ磬ǷޣұԹ㵽֣鷳ʲôԣѵδǾ仰㲡Ҫ
ɫϻغࡣûкɫĮֻҪ𡣡
ҲûҪޡǺǡһЦ֡Ӱˡ
ȻڷҲ֪
˵䣬Ȼˣʧԭءν˲֮һ졹֣ȥټȴһü

ôܡ
ͱͻ˳ȥ

ײڿɽϣסʶҪȥұһ˦ȥлء
˭Ϸ޲ŹӰֶһɽ
ϴΣ˵ȴǰκһζȻ˲٣֪Լ״㣬дֻὣػ
ڰдѷ֣Χ˿Ķ
лεڵϡ
ǶȲãֻ۽ȥѰҶ˵ټռϷ͸˵㣬Ǳ޴оļ١
˵־壬һӣŵСʦ塣лػˣŲ˺ĸ飬ǸҪܿɷķȻϣӮ
ҡ
˵Ľֻ꣬ϣƽ¡
ġ
ż
ǰɣɣ
ôѽ

лʶʱ򣬼еͯռԺ
ڲſ󶴵ɽֱֱսķλ
лصɴۡ
ȵȣǡ
䣡
ʧȥʶǰһ룬ֻյĻɫʯ顣

군군˵
¡
ȾɣþȾѽ
Ժһֱܳ֡
лػǵ֮ǰ£һ˿ܿŵ۾
һۣͿǰŪһɫĹӣҲ֪ڿʲô
ˣ
лش𣬷Ȼ˵˻ŵͷ
ãȲĵͷŻһ£زȫܶƺǸ˵ͷҡͷأýԱ
Ĵ˿
һͨͨéݣڴϡдţȻԣֻǿľ󣬲֪ǲǽ
Ӧò
лɻĿ⿴Ķ
ǻڱ·ܿ˼˵ɽͻȻзˡ
ʲô
˵еȤǰʱ򣬾ͷ׷ٵĺۼ˵Ӱ
ټϻصɷ
˼
Цһ£ͳѵظǹƤ
лεؿѰӶûˣʵں˵
Ҳûעε
ãÿӿݡ˰߹һСƤĹӷлߡ
һɹӵǻ
˵ʵô£лĿԣҲûʲôθڡҪǲԣܵ衣
㲻ҪΣա
лΣҧһڡ
ɬ촽СĲָ⣬ָ΢µؽʣµĹ˻
лû̫ע⣬ЩΪɻۿ
޺񣬳ֻþ޺С¹
֪ɽΪʲôѵôºͣ㻹˵㲻ʦ֡
лأ
ǸһĻᡣ
ǰͯҲе㻳Լˡ
ôµˡ
ΪЩ꿴ļ䣬ڿ˵Ĺ£
ΪʲôԲѰϸڣ
ǳ


56 
лع˺һ׳
ɽʯʱ, ʯҵЩˡ
ʵʿԣƤ˲ʲô, ܿ, ǱŲܶ, лƵƵŵǺ
˯ֿ֪ʼΡ
˵Ҳ֣ǰԼͬлʲôϸƽ֣Լͬλǰвٹͬ㣻ǽԼȥ, ĶĶˡ
лµļȫͬʦʦܵĻ, ġ¡ͬ, ʦǰ, ϲʦǰװģؽѵˣʵһλ޶ȵĻСħ
лöʮһ͵Ļܽһ£ΪΪֿԽ᡹
лظһ, ӳصö, ֻ˵ǣΪСʦİгԲôԡ
ôһ, ҲǸͦԵ, ңӶǸԵĴˡ
Щ, ֪ôģס񲻴Ƶ, Ҳлؽ⿪, ÿؽ㻤, ʱʱڴǰˮ룬źʮϸ
żл۷ڣҲڶʱڳڡ
˵ʼһ˿ʶлߡ
лغΣһΪһִˣϰ߱ôź򣻶ǳһ߹һ߰¶Ժ幤ϰչ˱ˡ
ǰջңҪչʹʧɥ壬ԼǸежԵɵܵܣţͬϪȱʶүСһͬлعǵճӡ
أ
ˮԼȣǵһһι
˵ܡ
˵Ӧ֮ǿԺлؾϰġ΢룬ܹԼϴֲƭźźŰɡ
ϾԼûͨ¡
ϣǲ֡衹ķڣʱȥиԼںϵͷ
ϣƾնһַӦ۾ģû˵ʲôлŻȥŰ׹⣬ѷȥ
෬Ժڻصǲοռ䣬ȴְ׹ʧȡ֮һƬãã
ͺɫűɢڿƵġ
¿ɺã뻹ȥ֪˭лֻա
ÿѽ
ǲǸð
ô˲ǵġ
ûкѽġ֮Ǹֲ˺
أ᲻ѽ

һӵͯлش۵һ̣ڼž
һ΢ӴƮߴ˸תͣƬ̡
ߵ£ڶ۶лؿ˿һЦʦַʲô
ǸĿֱӺʦ֡ˣлطЧƽܣع񣬳һۣĿƽ
촽Ц΢գʦֻڹң
ҿʲôû˵
л죬ʾԼ˵˻
ʦ˵̧̧ƺʱȴַ˻ȥǸСӣҲʦ˵ЩҲĻ
лأǿǡ
Ļ޷ЩҲл¡֮Ķл֪
л˵ݺ޹ϵ޹ضѵذͷ
ʦ˵㲻˵ҲĻ
лػصͷ
룺ҲУʦƭңͽʦҲ˵˻ˡ
лأ
Ȼеһ΢šһͷԼܷˡ
һʱ䲻ɤƣлؿ˼ŵ㣬Ϊסﲻˡӡ²𣿡
һ٣µԭʦʦֵΣȻʦֻˣֺαԽ޴ҡ˵ʦĪǲԸͬס
лأ
лأܲܺú˵
˵òã
ᣬͷһƫ˵һ޹ƫƫ˵Ļúܡ
ҲʱлؾҲֵĵط
һ¿СԷԼʦʦеռǺ¡
ռ᲻ͷһ㣿
һӹԹζ
Ҫлػش𲻿ɣʦ֣˵˵òˣ
л̾˿ǰҲô˵ô
һȻôʦֹ˶£Ҳǵˣ
лصǿʦֵܶദĻƬΣûһôġ
̽
лüƽϣԼ£ԹԵҼǵ˵ﻹȱһǲǣ޸ǵռܽУһµľͰѾɵĻ¾У
ʦֹȻʦ֣ɶħԨӡġ̧ۣлεߣһ٣ȻȻػ˸ԭǻһǰᣬҰѼӰˡ
лصɴ۾
ôһֲۣǷǵüӰɣҲԸˡ
ѡӰʱ򣬷˵ôҲ˵Ӱǵǰѡ
ҡ
ле㵣üͷԾšɽʯѺ󾿾ʲô
ûʲôһɽʯܲ˵ء
һЩˡлضǰѶ޵ġ
΢΢һЦʦʲôˣ
лҡҡͷͷںô׽ǡ㲻Ըͬ򡣡
ȥͻƵһѴ徳ѹ˷һ磬ΪβԸͬ
ǡ
лû˴ȴֱ̧۶ֻǳضСʦħǲǡ
ȻվָֻǰĮ·ʱʲô쳣ûʦֶˣҲǾÿɸĶûҪͬ˷ʱˡʦϢҳȥҩôˡ
˵ű뿪ӣûлٿڵʱ䡣
л죬һ̾
ʿǼҩõҲǷʲôɡģ
ʶһ̽鲻֪£
õôԣֲɵӡ
֪֪֪
֮ͷֿˣǸĴͷҪ׷˾͸
ǸƷǼٵģ
ǼٵģһƷ
ǲǣ˵Ķԡ

ͯȻ̣һӴⴵתȦ
л̧ۣûа迴ʲôֲǡ˭
ˣ
Ȼˡ
Ȼġ
غ߳ܡ
һһȺĺΧתлزݸóڹ¶Ժ庢ӵģ߳ܣҪ£ǺҺܶΣҸлǻءܸܲңǾ˭
ܾĬһ˲ܿЩֱࡣ
Ƿ硣
ɼǰ
ǽҺغÿġ

Ȼţ
˹Ҫлرꡣлر紵òֶˣ۵ҡ
Ƿ㾲ֹءҴˣ㲻Ҫ
л˵ͬ˵ʵǶˣܸܲңιȥʱǱ߷ʲôһƷʲô˼
л˵
ҶйɣԺ󿴼ԼСʱƬƵռ֮ĶǶԼɹĴ¶ľ
Ƿ״̬ǰԸ񷴲ܱȽϴ


57 
ͯԴܶ, ȴͬһһѸЧ
лзḻġޡ, ܴӵѸ˼
Ԫеġ项
ʶ, , ȴûоֻ̬˵ǵġ̬
ʱлǿҵҪƽµԸ˸ʯĹɽ
ʿǿߣġȻǰСġɽʯ, ˲òʱֹͣ, Աܿ
޶ԼӰʮִ, Ҫɽʯ, Ҫܷ޵Ĺ㽫Ӱ
ľл, ǶӰֻһֵ, ȡһƬԺûļٻ
л֮һ˿һ
ӰûбߵȻǺ, Ҳ˵, ״Ѿǳ⡣
ǸӡҲ֪òü
ۿԼָ, ĵܸӦôӡͺˡ
оǡ
ħ, ʲôأ
뵽ǳԹ̬, лͻȻһĲ², ʱŹ
ôѿŶ΢棬Ƿ
ûʲôлػعЦ£ҾͻȻɽˣĿǱˣһǸͦÿġ˵ܻвʯ󡣡
Ȼ๲ͬ͵òĵ
лЩϧ
ԵʯȻסһȥһΪͨѽ
л㶡
ѽѽֻҪȥҲ˵ֻҪȥĵطǽ߾ܣҲὫ͵
Ϊʲô
ΪǶϲѽ

Ƕϲ㡣
磬ϵһжϲ㡣
Ϊǡ
л͵̧ۡ
ϵı̫𾪣Щߴߴּæ״ô
ûֻǡл޶ȵذͷƬ̣૵Һ񡭡
ܾúܾǰҲǵ
һ

֪˶ãһҩЩ鲻ǰΣ˲
綼һʱֹ
лرжĻᣬȴͬ⣬СҨһ׺ҩ֭ݵߡ
лֻ¡
ǿɬζ˲ӣлزԾڶʱιҲɣܸܲʹģҩδ̫Ѻȡ
һۣȻһЦһðʦ֣ˡ
վߵлز棬ݹȥ
ûнݵʺ˻õλãлΪأ岻Ծ㵹Ͳֲܶƽ⣬ǡʱǣһ£˱ˤ˹ȥ
˳һҩݵߣȵᣬģʦֺαôļ
˸§ơ
ڲ࣬лԶԣ
һʱ䣬ĵ΢ĸоˡ
һҩȵĥ
ҩǺҩ˿ϵģûãлؾͷһʶܿ˯˹ȥ
Ҵñǣؿһ
еˡ

лһ߰ΣȻԼʵ·ƫûʳڣͻȻѹ
ʱ컹ģжޣЩֲӡţҲ֪ãרעľ
лһŵˣһͷô
ĿʣʦֹȻħġ
лسǣЩû⡪˶٣лµļ䣬ҲԼȻ϶Ҿʦ֣ҿŻ롣
һ㶡
ǰú˵л˵
Ҳأ
ҲԲȥ롣лصǰ˵ˣҲˣ㲻һڳԺȣҲǲС˵ѾˣôŶ׬˵ڵΪʮһζһܵȵСʦΪա
ϵĵЦɫްвҡ
лز˵ʵһĮģŸлʶǸ
ǡΣЦһЩı˻䵭ͷҪȡ
лϴ
һӦ𣬿ϧ䲢û㹻ǿĽһֽʯ޵Ľǿһá
Ϊʲôһֱлؽҵߣ𣿡
˵Ѿ޷㵽̫ԶĶˣ
л˲²ţȴǲҪңʯˡ
лأ
ϻһЩõȸʱ˵ƷԴεҲҪ
⵹ǣϾӡħԨģЧˣָᷢʲô
лػ˼һתֵ˵ҲΪˡ
ٹεһЩ
л̧ۣ
˵ΪʲôͻȻӰ


58 
лػû
˵, ޾һֻӬ겻ɢ, ֺܷÿֵʱ, ܻЩʪ, ̫Ķ
Слػһ٣ô˵ͷ
С˵ƺϣȥ޸Ǹ󡣡
л㶡
˼ϻʿϣǸ޸ģ
е棬л˵,ЩɷԼʶ𣿡
ʦֲ֪ô
л, سƳһۡ
ǰġвЩ, ´, ˾ûС
ǷҪôָţлس
Ҫô
ȻҪˡлصΪʿǲϣ޸, ˵ħǱǣȻɷûʶ, Ҳħޡ룬˵ħ绹޴, ᲻ޣ
üͷšһ, ƺû⣺Ҫ𣿡
лĪؿ
ͬ˭ǣ, Ҫθɣ
лأ
ЩΡ
лϰȥٸԴ, ȴ, ˵,һ䲻ƽؼ˺£ҲϰԽ֮

лЦ£״ô㣬Ҫӣ㻹ɵ˵һ䡸θɡ𣿡
һۡ
лûж㿪ߣȻΪʲôҪӰ
ѾľǱˣлػȷһ¡µֱǲ˵ѡôػصķʽ
Ȼһ˲ĳĬ֮Ȼ̴ٵЦһ¡
ţǲá˶٣ֱħʱи⣬Ϊ˼Ҳ֡ʦûħ⣬Լȷʵǲ˽ġ
лر˵ƿԣ˵ʲôħˣлصΪԼڸӣοֱħ¡
Ȼ֪˵л¡
Ҳûа취Բͷ⿴ȥڶ۾ûн㣬߲֪
лһ飺ڵȷ
š
˵ĬƬ̣ػһת˵һѡޡ

ԸǴ޷ΪʦʦֲõĶת˻ʦ֣ҶôˣԸ
лأ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵Ļв
ҲлĲϣǸ޸أ
лزᡸߡһúҩˡ
˵߳ȥ
һŻлغ˺ЩӵѺҩ
ҩʵ̫࣬һŻĻظʣΪЩĥлѾ§뱧ְιҩʽ
Щ񡪡ιҩȥ߲ҩ֭ͷһʦʲô
˵һл˵ȻҪȷǲǵ뿪ˣ
룺ļ
нţﵱˣ˭ñл̾˿˵ȷʵܹķӡ޸ĽȡôңֻǾҲһȥ
ȥ˳ˮ۵˵ֻǺ浱лµ뷨
ĿǰΪֹлֻһħޣô˵أлؾ˭лأӵڶʮһļ䣬ôףҲִɫʡȻԼӴħ޲ôалµĻһΣЩԾԾԣҪ˽ħһЩ
˵ȥħ翴һۼΪʵ
˵ϲħޣлزûа뷨˵ⴥùͷ
лˣ˳˵õġ
˵˵ļƻлسЦһ£ʾԼȫûнⱻڴϵ¡
ζʦֹȻħԨ
лػЦ
Խˣлصòƽ࣬ҲЩԣЦʱº̬͡Ȱ룬˵
˶ĵطͻнףССҲССҲνġС徳кǧģҲмʮĿ꣬¸»оеᡣ
л㶣ǲֻҪһô
ֻ㵽ϻУȴ֪ĳУõȵʱȥϿ˵꿴һۣ㷽棬һʦָĵãֻ㵽زˡ
лأ
лغǽŸԼ״̬ҽڵĻǿнлϵһ
˵
Ҳе㲻ȷˡ
ˡлر۾
ҩﲻ֪ʲôɷ֣ÿκлؾͻ˯Ҳ⣬ϸĵذǺñӡ
ʶ׹˯֮ǰлغȻ˵˾仰
ǰʦ֣ôᱻССķס
ʲô˰˹ڴϣԼѡ
лԺ룬ңӺл»ˣȻԵĵӡ

лһ˯£ͳȥˡӸ˲ٲã͵ȷšǼӰϵĻĲ²ûӦúܿܿ
ʵϤһ̸ֱ̣˽⣬Ϊ̡֡Ƿ޷ԼƭƶԷҹ
Ϊޣַʽ鷳
Ϊһ⻷ĲϣûܲߺлϵӺȻ
ʲôܵķʡ

˷硣
ƽ󣬴ʯɳǰ·ʱ򣬷޳˵·ͷ
һֲеȶԣˣֲսУվıҪһЩ
һϹЦǺƣƭȥ
ʲôĻһۣӦѧҵû뵽ڲſ
΢ָ޽Ųһ٣ʲô˼
𡣶˰ӡ
꣬޺ȻЦˣҲ֪֪ʲôڵҡ
Ҳδء
δ䣬Ѿˡ߽ʿ֮ıƴʵ֮һΪȻҪȻ
طģ಻ѩɽɽˮŨ
ޣӦǲӦֻġ
Χ˲Էǲڿֲ
һʱ䣬нʯ֮
ײһ𣬷Ц㶼ǵˣʲôҵﶼ
⻰Ķвͨ޸ħԨӡǡ塹ﲻɽ統£Ϊϻװһ¡οҲġ
ֻۡһеʽӦϣٵס޵ĽơѸٺ󳷣âִӴаγһһģһĳ˵֣⽣кܶࡣ
Ƕջ֤вٻǵл°ȥŹֵġ
ʱսƶ״̬˵ҪʲôŲģҲġ¶Դл¾ʹԼͷĲϺһŵĶԵÿȥҪϰõʽ
뵽һڣۻķʢϣŪƫƫʱΧŨ󷨵һ֣һʱʧȥټ
ԭֻǲ²⣬ڿӵȷˡƮɢĺЦޣ㻻˶԰ɣ
ɫݣö˶˵ģһʲô
ӣӦǻ˺ܾˡ˵ɷʱţԵһɺϣħһ޶ķܲԩɣ
Ҳ˵ʲô˵ħҲиԲͬ·
ǰҵȻ֪ʦҲȥħģá֮ܲħţ
ޣ
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59 
лؾԼһܳ, ߹˰
ԼģȴΪĳЩȻ˹ʶ, обķڴ
ȵ, ġ磿
ڷ, ôз磿
ʶ㣬л͵סˡ
ܶˣԾؿԼ֣´Ÿʵɸ˷û룬ɫȻһ,ԡ
о쳣ķ, ֻΪھȲûڵһʱȥ鿴״, ʱͻȻ, ܶˣʩܶʲô£
淢ʲô
ô
ԼûʶԼĵƺӿЩ쳣лܵľǰ, Ҵƿ
ӭ汻綵ͷ
ûվ, ˳ַſ򣬽վΣָⴥһĶ
ͷһ, ŷֽ, ķлز, ϤĲͼƴ֮, ܲ²̶ݵķ
˵, ϵⳡ, л˲һġ
ֻǡأ
л̧ͷȥܺôǿѸʣؽ㣬ս
л˿š
ǲ̫á
Ĳһһ˪һȴ
лü
á
ǹиܵĳִĶ⡣


һԵĽ֮ֽһȥԼĴ䡣
ŵʽôϸҲǷʿѪķסȼսѾǵԼѽˡ
Ũ֮У޵Ϣ𽥱ǿ
δ䵭ǰֻӲãû뵽ôá
κǿд۵ģʱûչֹ츳뿪ȴһǧа·
ҲáۣĵɱҲɱˡ
һڸӿѪſһһֶǡ
Ӵڰγд޳һ㲻Сȵȣϸơ٣⽣ȡɵҶ˵ˣңߣڵʦ۰ķϣܷŹһΡ
˵㲻ʦ֡
ֽϣμΪ硣һȥޱ˸ֲֻü΢΢ܿҪҼȴǱһͱˡ
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ţνȥƲһڶ¡Ѹٺ󳷣ֵһץ׹
¡¡
£׹Ŀ϶д䵭ӵͱ˰ɡ
ǡӡȺѧ죬¶㲻˰ɣЦŶ㲻Ͼѧ̫죬ʦֻҹȥҿСء
ʦֺĽ䡪˵ǡӡѧòãѧǸƷ˶٣ȻҲǣ˭ѳʦأ
ǵһץʸȥҪ⣡ҵ뿴Ŷã
һ棬ǼʹʮغϵϢͣ޵ԽԽ˳֡
ͷѪȾϢǲӣԵӵޡ
ĸӲ˽⣻޲ͬӺܾǰʼͽΪж
л¶õһ˰ů㣬ůһ㣬崺硣ʱûãʵڲףΪϾôֲȣǰԵƽƽˡʱʦְοǳŲȥ
˵Ҳûܳȥ
ʵڲ⣬ΪлдֻһʦܣУܳƺλ״ӡΪʦ֡ĵл¶˭ãֻжʱЦܶ༸ʵ⡣
л¸Ƣʡ
ˣʦ֣з֮õģ츳ˡ
Ŀ¶׹⣬
֪㣬оôꡭ
ˡ
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ʸЮ֮Ķ¡մ̳һʱ˿̣һ˲֮У޿ɱܣ
ĺⷭӿԺֻʣһͷ
ɣ

ʱһ׹⴩׹֮ϡǾһƽƽķֽȴʸƫ˰硣̧ۣһϢĿյԱƿͷһƫпȳѪ
ƫ˷λʸ棬޴죬һʱɳʯ˿״ϢƬ̣ȴоһϢѸٽӽ
ʶὣҪȴ֮ס
ôģ
߾лء
лرȣ˽Ҷķ䣿
ҡͷĿģˣҲķ䶼Ʋãǡ
ʲôû˵
ΪŨ˷ŭ˭˭ɱܡֹҡ
ȻЦһ£䱾Ҳʦдġ
лգգۣ֪Ϊİʾҡԣ
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Ҳ֪ʲô䡣лصŵʦ˵ҪһΪſԿʼϰҲֻѧһ䡹ķҲû
Ǹɡ塹ܻĻ䷨ȫȡʿ˵Ϊڡ裬߲᡹Ĳʵ÷䣬ŽȫΪС˽·ԭ
лѧʵҲû˷ѡ˴ǰġֲ졣
޳ͻȻ
л㶣ܿ췴Ӧ˼ʶضĿͣ޳
֪һ

޳֪һ徳Ρ
쿪غϣѭҷȣ׹
¡¡
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ͬʱдľ֮һݵĿֲ׵£·ҲűŭҪȺ֮ɱ
һγɵŨɢЩԼлصΣڰ֮£Ǹˡ
۾˲Բˣ˭
лתͷûü˵Цˡ
˵ˣѧǸӡ˵̧ۣѹѹ죬㿴ķɡ
䣡

ʱ̣лغȻͷƤһըԼûӦѾסļ򣬽룬û׹
ɳɢȥ֮Ϊõģؼĵط֮󣬾ŨҲһɢˡлؿ׹ɵƻһʱ
ǰ˷Сľ⣬ԲһߵķΧڣûһء
ݲƻ˵Ƿǳˡ
һֱлس˳ǣ˸ͷޡ𣿡
ҡͷ
ûУ
ˡ̧ۿ˿죬Ȼץлص֣еĳغлزŷֵи״Ľ󣬱潹ڣǱòˡ
ǸġڳŪƬ̧̣ͷʣ
š
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лؿͨ
͸ˣ˵ʵû뵽Լһ䣬ôŵ
ƫƫʱһ䣺ܷ˷ֵһ£չǻ˵ġ
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л̲ס̧ͷлµʲôϵ
ʦ֣ʣʲôϵ˶ֵ˵ʦֶ֪£ô֪
лأ
źָ˽Ȼػһ
ͷ
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¿ȴ˵š
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Ϊ֮ǰһˡ
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ҡ
л̧ͷһۣ֪УͻȻ˵˾䣺μĲûзˡ
һǡ˭
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л˵֮ûзޣԲʵġ
ܹ𣿡ʡ
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ཹǸ⣬ϧ֪
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ĴߣʿɽٶҪףʿص𷣡ҲΪʵ߽ʿϤģ׹⡣˵˵޵ΪԾ
ޱǸ龳Բ
˵Ǻ͹һһ֮ңһǵ״̬ٲãҲֵ³ô
ǡ
һϰħ޵ĹԼľ硣˵ľ磬Ӧòֹ顣
л˵
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ݺ͸ϹģţҲɡ


60 
̬ѵº͡
, ºͣĮ͡ºֺ͡ѱȷʵͬ״̬лظ˵һ, ź֪ʶԾ
·жȥâ, ˳
ǡ˳
ʷϾͺס
лػ˵ʲô, ȴͻȻ˻Σǰ㵹
лæȥӣ˷һŷιȥˡ
лأ
лأ
СľûлٻȻ治֪ðĶᡣ

˰·ϣлַԼı仯
, һԾȻҲó, һЩûĶԺ
˵, Ϊ֪˵, ûҩлΪָÿһЩڴΧóһС͵ġ󡹡
ȷ󷨵Ĳ÷õķû, 䵽ֽϵһ˲, ־ǱεǣţԷԶػҪķ
һУлڴ, ˯е, ̾˿
Ǹ, ȻЩ仯ˣܾͺá
̫ȥ˼
˼ෳ, ûа
ߵѪѾ, ·ϵĲ, лҲû
лµǰ·ģлεʱʶˣ
Ϊ֮ǰ΢ԤУлû㶯֡

һֱͷб۾ķתһȦ䵽лϡ
лû¸ɣ˱ǰϦ͹ճⴵķĦӡ
ãֱһ㣬Ǻܾǰεš
ξĳһʱûгš
ǣлؿſţƫͷϿ˫۾ʶˡ
һѸٺе飺ˣѶˣ
룺һˡ
ôҡл߶ţûﲻҲ֪ΣҲûҩ㡭ŶˣȻˣ·ɡ
ҡͷұû¡
޷ǿϢңС˺ħĴڱС׼ףûƵıҪ
Ϊʲôε
޷ǷģͻȻҪ˯һˡ
Щл˵ǵ˼ûлǰ¶֣£Ҳá˼ʦ֡ȥ
ǱǸʦֵܣűܺá
û¡леУ˵û¾û¡طܴˣߵʱǾ뿪ɣ
ʦ֣˺ˣ
š
ҲǷǳֵһ㣬лչŷӦϵƺʹˡ
ȻСѣ˶϶ǽķǱԼ忪ġ˵ģһƺҲֵˡ
ǣѿ
ȱȫȻȲǡлءеˮƽȴҲл¡ĲΣԼû׵⣬ʵ̫ϣһ
лȥ·ɡô㶫ԡ
á˵ͷֵ£ʱԶ
Ǿͳ˶ߡлؼĶӡ
֮л˽ɵԶĵطȡˮ
ǰʯ߹˴ɽˮ㣬ȻܺãΧԶһЩɽвҰȺе޵ĸʺܸߡȡˮʱĺлǶû÷·ء
ϻ˵˶꡹лش˴ԼԴлذлأ
¹ֲֲأ̫޲ʱҲܲֻһԼ˥
һеһУҪ׷ݵûȻ˳ͷϣô˵Ұ޻ܾ롢޼ҿɹ飬ȫ
лȡˮشȡС֧ãȡֲϴжΣ̶ѵȼȹҶ¹㣬ˮʳģһǣ˳ֳ̣ĬġػҲ˴ʣѹ
ʱݣ⿴Ϧһһûƽߡ
ǣûдлؽõ˽ڴϣͷ΢ţƺ¡
СʦȣлԾһ
ԭڵߵǰ΢Һȹ
лؽ컻лµдģ˵Ѫʺ˻ȡ˵Ĳ϶еĲϣҲ򵥣лرͼ㣬𣬵ݲʱƺлڲϱעС֡
ʦϧ壬ÿÿ˽ǲſͣ£ΪУƽɶʳ
лأ
ôһ룬ͺصΪ˹õƵġ
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ګګǰɡҲϵĲס
ٷԵóƣڳ֮лѸٵʰ˲о֣ھߣǵ
ڰɡҲѻ·µȵ糿ʩһὣš
ֺö졭
л˰죺ѩ
š
ΪʲôҪὣţлغĪûǴ˵ʩͬе㽻顣
ôһ㣬ôЩʱգҲδҪȥѩݷãǼֵˡ
Īǡ
лԺеĲ²ֻûһƲȽضԲʩҵġ
лأ
⡣
ҹĻлػͷһ۹ľݺΧǽ壬һ˿顣
˷棬Ҳܿ˵ѡַѣԼʩϾʱȼٵĵطҲ˵׼׼ΪԼĵطھôˡ
ֻǡὣšƺѾǺֵˡ
ѹҲûȥݷáл˵
ǵΪͷһۣңѩ˶ʦָϤ
ڣǻǻһѦ̵״̬
лضʱˣ̱졣
ˣѩҲ

Ҫȥᣬ͵ϡ
̸ǻǣҲᡸǰлؾֻö˵Щϵ¡ɽǻлظͬһЩѣΪ˱仯лصĻֻʣ³Ժ֡
۾ֲ״̬ǵǰ·һ·ԶȺˣֱؽ磬лزһǳҪ¡
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Ϊ˽ǣײ۾ϣʶڣҲӰжֻĪ˼ֲȾζʱлЩš
ΪҪ򣿡ʡ
лһ㶣ϵƷô죿
кʵģֱȥȡǡ
ҲУ
ΪβУ޸ħԨӡǴ塭Ӧļ
лأ
û˵أ˾Ͳ޸ˣϣħԨӡ޸ˣ϶

ôܲأǸʲô𣿣
һֺСʲôģа˵ϽװȫеĹԱİɣлرȻš
С˵˭ܴ
лأ
лأޡ

ʱˡǱ˵ô
ǿɲ˵㶼˵ˣΪ֪ĸߣ֪û˸ԭֶΣлػһ٣Ȼпһͦȥħ翴ġ
һۣûһֿһۡ
лضΧͦеģο֮е㵣дעϣܿͷС
л˵
ʦȥġħ硣
лصȻҲ֪лȥ
Ȼǡ
кܶമĵط
е㷳꣬üһѹҧס´һͻȻȥҲǲС
˼Ƭ̣ʲôģҿȥ
лؾ̧ۣ˿ȴĪû˵ѡ
ȵ˰ɣȽʯ޽õ˵л˵ȻƷǻǾѶ

лأ
Ҳ̫ʯ޽ǵļ۸񣬵ûб˵Ķʦǰ˵Ͼûм۸񡸺Ķ
ԽϡеĶ۸ԽףԴһʼûȥ
лȥǵ
Ƕʮһĺùط˵ʱѧ͡
ܲǮ
û£лʯ£취
׬Ǯ𣿣
дأ


61 
˵׬Ǯ, лĵá
ǰ֮󣬵һǾǡֻܿԼ, ΪԼǲ֧ŵġ
¶Ժĺѧиľ, ϱƺѧҲǳ, лõĽѧӴѧûʲôѡ
ѧҪǮģ˵ϵĻжʱ׬Ǯһпʱȥ, ȥоʲôԼ۱ȡ
лشܶ㹤, Ҳѧ˷г, ֻҪһµʱ, ͨ۲һҵĳɱ󣬽ʵ롣
ȻΪʵ۵Ĵ󻷾, Լʽ֮Ե, лرƱҵûѡ񿪵꣬ƾ˷гݷصĹһ߼С
ľϡ, ҲֻҪרעڲƷζ, Խ֮, ܶ궼ûùⷽļܣЩ
, ׬Ǯ±㹻ˡ
ס, лѡһλڡСĿջеȹģ, УλҲһתǴЩȡ˼
Ϊ״̫ãлزϣܵţҪһڹ۲гĵط֮ѡ
ңһϷлؽ֮վڹ̨ǰ룬ֲŴ֡
Ӵɲɡ̨Ĳ֪Сƹ񣬿ԼĪʮ꣬Դ˴괽ǵĺ룬ϧ͹٣ǵһ䷿ֻһŴģ󣬿϶˯¶λ
ǸʿƽסзҲʿû˫֡
ʿĸִ಻Ҫ˯ߣҪ޷ţԸ˹䡣
ں濪ڣҪ䡣
ٶɾ䣬ƫƫ۾ϻſײһϮ£һסǵ˵ҲǼʿģȴδƷò㿴ֱ۾һŻع񣺡䣬͹˵䣡
һ¡лذ̨棬ʾԵȣתͷšüҪʯôһأ
Ҫһ䷿ҲûǮ
ôҵδ𲽣ÿһʯǱǮһ
лؾͲͬ⡣
񣬸ƹĵǸһߣСʦȣ˵Ҫһ䷿͹˷ѵģ˭ҲҪ˯ǣ
㲻Ҫ˯ô
Ҳһ䷿Ҳа
̾Ϣʦ֣Ҳһס
Ϊʲô
лزѿڶ㵱겻ƤҪҹ޵ô
ס仰˵ķлصĿƮԾƮջĴϣͽʿͺ޷ķ˻Ű̯ʲôĶУлһ̯ϿŮŮͬ۵С˲̯λǰ棬˲̫⣬ͦɰġ
С˲һͺɫһʿ
лЦЦĿ⻹ħΪζ

Ҫһ䷿ɣҲͬһʱһϢлЦЦûƵĽתҪ׬Ǯģ֮ǰһ˯𣿡
ѾҲ޻˵á
ֻҪһ䷿
ƹΪ˲Ըͬ˯ص˼䴲رķǣִ
Ϊлֻ˵˵û뵽֮һʱ䣬飬ʱˡ
Ȼ״̬ãʶţܸолڸĴͣͣڶƺͦæµӡ
лصȻгС
Щ׬Ǯķӣɽʱ֪Լûϸоһ׬ǮоķΧһЩ
ʿļк˼ͬ飬ϲһЩ塹ٳɷţʿȴͨĻڵϵ׻ҵ֣ʵڷǳˡһЩ棬ǵҵַǳˡ˶һѡ
˵лػĳ깵λÿʽС̯дš׽٣һŵʹ޺֮ǡдš㣬¸ʸҰ⡹ĸ֡רҵʵڷǳס
ɽ٣ܴɵģһؿջлؾץˡ
ǿԣ̫á룬˼䣬˿ףķףЧһġδ״粻ȹ̣ʱƾ
ٶ磬ƿ롭һãûնɽ٣ѹһѹ磬ؼƾɽԶãǷ÷ɣҲԼƵķٴһƵֱܹõķС
Ҳ׿ƾҲԶԶδʿ˵ĻлصЩһҪǿ
ʱȣʵҪ߷ıܣı
ȻڱܣִĻǡ衹⵹Ǹ⣬˼֮£лػǷˡ
Ĳ˵˵״ãҲöԷȥðգԼ͸ˣлԼǸʲô綼ȷ
ͷȣ٣ȻҲûΣоϵķûб仯Ǳӵܵĺá
С̯֮Ӫ󲻹ߣ޷ڶʱ׬һʵ뷨лڽ˷˺ЩӣⲻоǲУһ
ٴλصջл̲ס̾˿
ʱҪ׬һǮеѵİ
˵ʵʯлؿˣƷʯ˵ʮ֮еģҲ̫
ǵľʱ򣬿ôʯл۾ֱܷ
Ʈš֣ҲʮƷʯࡣ
ǻô˵ģ
ѣǱˡ
еϢ̾Ϣ۾лϿ˿յı飬̲סһ䣺ôˣ
Сʦ塪лض˶٣ǣơǸ㣬ܴܲȥ䡸С
ôˣ·ûĳƺ
лؾͰԼֵ˵˵ȥûʲôɱ͵ߵ
ϲĶô
лĵݣһֲ
ɲǣԹšСĶ͸ڡƷļֵ
ȷ˵һطֹ̣ʱиһҪ鵽̡
͸оˣͱͨһЩ̡ܼ
νġСȻҲùĽγɵרг
ĵطҪһЩ֪뷽ȻûʲôѣƫƫлǸѱµˡ
ԳȥһˣҲ֪ȥ˭ʱʹֵĿƬ
⿨ƬӲģ⻬ʵϣлغȥ
ЩûܳʱлأĿһֱлϣרעЩ⣺˷ĿƬֵ̽

šҲ֪ô˵˼Ƭ̵ʦֵдƵ
лػ治֪ȥҡ
ûУϾлûʱѾѴ鶼òˡ
Ҫ޷Ǹα֤Ҳ볡˸ָڿƬһǣǿƬϱԼֳССġ֡
ʱ̣лز²⡣
š
صأ
Ƭͼһ۵ߣԱһ㡣
ĶлûҲûкӡ
ڳۣϸǡ


62 
лذû
ԭڵ, ʱҲ̧ۿ˿лأ
лػһ飺ţ
ʲô
ûʲô
лػع㡣
Ҫȥ
ţ˵ˡлû˵, Ƭ뿪
ʼ׷, һȥ, ǳĿ䵽ϡ
ˣлصעУѵüʱ˵˵žͳ
żǻųʶȥѰΪʶĸ֪Χϸ³̶ȶۿ, ʱʱолؾʲôżýʱ, Ƕлں͸ϵ̷졣
ܽ
̲סЩ뷨
ʦˡ
֮, Ҳܺ˭ĵúܺá
ΪʲôͲ, һֱעϡ
üһͷĴɿһ, Ľڡ
ס, żӶĿǣûꡣ

Щ, л˵ûʲô̫õ̻, ѵǽ˲, ˵ԼҲ治Ƿġ
и˵ҵķϴү, ÿ, ûз, Իȴв˽⡣
ử߻ʿʿôˡʹҳķˣϴүһӻĵ˽òлửԸ˵ģֱҪѱʮĵôճһ𵹳лϰףʵ޷㱻һ
ϴүͦ뷨ġ
лѧڣѧĶսõĹǿƷϴү߶ȴЩ÷лҲȷʵȤʱ÷󣬸עʵҲһַϵӦá
뷨ıϡ
ˣôлعү߶߶óдʼǵĲᣬҲıı뷨ɲУ
˵ķƣлؽӹӿͷ֡ϴүԷͼƵĽ׼ȷʲͣϾûзͣڿ׶Σ޷ʵвٴ
Ҳ֪㣬Ϊһ˲ʮ·ϷԲķʽдÿַҪ˱ʷʽ١
˵ǲΣĶүŵؿлصı飬ôô
ⲻ١лʣô
СүһģԼử̯ϻģذһ׷ֽͱʣԸϽʵݹȥ
лһ߻Ȧһߵ⼸ˣ˼·ͦãǿԡ
ԭ⼸˼үһԿš
ţе΢õķʧ֮ǧˡлһ˵һ߻⼸ûáǻҵط԰ɡ
̧ͷ˿үû˵˼ԡ
ĴϣûɶڲԷͺĿˡ
ү¶Ϊѣ㣬ҪǻȥҼҡ
ڲ𣿡
㿴ģҲƾʹڼж༸棬ǲԷĳȻþ
ǸƣҪרŵĲԳأﶼ
л˵Ȼһ٣ɫŹֵءŶһ
үţ
û¡лس˳ǣҲе㲻㣬Ҫǲ⣬ⲾҴߣһȥ˸ֺóô
үû˵Ҳû˵ã¶Ϊѵɫ
лǲ⣬תһ룬׹үûзȤǿԹˡ
ҪȥҸ˴лͷ˿ү̯λҿҲȫ
ȥҰҲܻүԥʣȴ
лЦˣȻܣΪҰⲻܻ
ǲ»Ǽ˵̫̫֮ǻ÷㡣ү˵߶̯ܻãھߣ
ȥٶȻ׷ɱڵ̯̽ͷкô̯
үӻ֣ͷҲأҹС
лһ㶡
ְ̯꣬Դ˻ȥ

лرһ·⣬ֱ˴үͣ½Ų
˵ǲҲ̫ļˡԴɣлػûڲϺķѹ˶
ת˰Ȧ̽ˣո˵ġҹСɶ
ҹУǾҹ￪¡ү
¿ҲǣҲ˺Щˣרҹ俪Уҹﻹڰ̷̯ȻҲУǴӰͿŵģרŵġҹС
лҹС֣ͻ˵ǸУϸҲеү˵ɣǸԵˣǱҳ֪ܹһЩ
үһʼԥĿ䵽л߬ŵĲϣоԼ׷ڱϣлǸˣƺûʲôģ㽲˳ʵǸ˽γɵгǡСɡ
лüȻ
װ֪ŶҲкаطǼʶû뵽ҲС
ⶫЩ᲻̨ǿɲĶСүٺ١ЦָָǱӣСʵⶫҪɣһõȥء
лһ
ʵǷ˶ࣿôܽӴɷү˵ҵ룬һƷʯ겻ǮʡˣȻвԸ򡣡
Ʒʯɲˡл˵
Ҳ˰˵ү˶٣ؽɽˮ˵Ҳࡣ
лҲǣ˷磬Ϳǲ͵ԴԲḻһʴ
ǰڿջҲΪǮչ
˵˲ե͵ĶԺԼϣǸƵĺ÷
лգգۣЦˣлҲȥʶ¡
ð죬סһ취Ū볡ȯ㣿үܻ
лػ˻βӣо
˳õ͵ƣ˵һͨӦҺԴʹ֮ȼմﵽЧĶʿз÷ʹĵƣǴȡķ޹ǡˣƲһ̸ֲǰһ֣ΪԴתﵽЧү˼·ߵĽ壬ҲͨڵϿӡʹ֮תԴ
Ȼ˷ԭĵҲͿԱ滻ʯʯΪһֳõϺʿͨңڴ˷ڳƷ˶ЩҲǮׯ
һƷʯꡭл룬Ż£ʱ
үķֽͱʣϯض㳢Ż
ǲԣʧܵĴȻܶ࣬ŷ֮үҲЩΡǼңһܻһǺˣο
лǰ˵ԼܻȴҲû뵽ôܻεҪҪЪЪҵ뷨Щµģкܶ಻ĵطʧʿе㡭ߡ
ãżŷЪʲôлЦЦûŲһŷ˼·ԼƽʱҲϹĥЩ·Ҫʧܸǧ˰ٴεģ֡
ѽҾ˵ͶԵҲƣү꣬ЦЦֵû뵽Ըæ
ҵȻҲ˽ĵġл˵ЦһֱиĶĥ˼ûĥɣҪҲꡣ
ףүȵԵȫͬҿʲô
˽лӦ
̫ʲô
ͷ˵Ȱ

𵱳ҽ޸ĵֲһյʵЩɫȫ䰵ʱлһյʯĵơ
ˣүлػ
лؽʯӹܵĲλƽȥûؼԣܵãҡʱҲܽŻһ¡
˵꣬үĲᷭհ׵һҳҵûȥˡҪĶͬ˵˵뷨
үһ񣺡˵
˵һ׷ÿܽյ͵ѶϢʹԶ֮Ҳܷ໥ͨ
뷨лغˣʮһͷĻյʱֱϰߡ
ľƶ񤣬ΧҰҲ࣬вˣǽͨͨѶ㹻Ӧò
ү˺ð죬βŵˡֱԣлذ׼ʿãǸã
ҵȻϣÿ˶ϡл˵Ҫ÷ԴǸ⣬ôӳ顭ǰڣǸʿðɡ
ʿãȲ˵ƹ⣬ʿʿ֮ͨѶֶοɶȥˣ˭óɱߵķ
ұҲûʲôͨѶ֮ĶлЦˣʿ֮ͨѶֶٶ࣬Ҳ˵ͨѶ̳
̳
ǡ罻硹


63 
Ȼ, ûЩûСҳĹ˵ʵǹھˡ
źͲһһէҽ˵ΪһɼĴͳʿ, ҽϰʿͨѶֶ, оֶıҪѵд¾ķ, лؼֱ
ңڷ˶ʿȻľηүܾ뷨ʯ쾪Ӧȴ̫
ôһ˵ľȹүȻ˼ȷʵоıҪг, ҵо, ⶫô
², , һҪڴ˵סһ˵ⶫĥ˺Щ꣬Ҳֻиѡл̧ͷɫ,ҵȻȥˡ
, Ҳˡүʰһǡ
˽˳ǣڲ·ڷֱ, лһ·ŵĿջȥ
ϵ̷һ, ĵļֵ, Ӱ֡лפһ˼, Ų¥
Ǹλ, ǸǶǸ̬, ·һ綼ûж
л㶣Ҫѯʣͼͷƫͷ˹˫ͫԳɭˡ
š΢֮лزŷӦ˵ʲôԣǳˡôˣ
Էû˵л룬ʣҷʲôɻ𣿡
ϸĥ˸ү̽Ǹ͵ọ̈̄Ҳûﲻԡ
ԭʱ֮Ҳ໥̽ѧ޷ǡоĶЩ
ûУûʲôԡðΣ˱ۣϢʱҽ㡣
á˵ЩĪлػһǰ
үǸиȡʯķ˼·˼лֱڷϣоһ¡
һооʱ֣ڴһλվóˡ
ţáлػع񣬽д˱ʼǵֽͼѾӴԾ˳ȥæ׷ȥСʦȣ㵹ǵȵȣ
ʿ򣬵ҹҲȰСͬһ仰ᱻҹɫ޷Ŵлû̫ȷ仰
Ȼδ١
лšüǰңңԶȥıӰһ̾˿
ָʲô
ǲԼͬ·ƫƫٶȱһԼϵķΧ
лֻԼ
ʵʱڵ֪ӯ࣬лûȥ̽Լľˮƽ֪ܸ
ǡܽŪʲô
лҡҡͷŽʽϵİƣһγ
ʲô
ٴλʱлؿסԼķɽڲԶšü
ûʲôлĴ˿ǵˣ
һֵĵطѵĺˮӳ£¿տ
ΨһֵģǺӱߴʯ԰һǷϵˣ˫Ŀգһ΢΢ſֱиľƺ«úˡ
ȵȣƣ
лƵˣ
лغ⣬ʲô·ˡô
һζؿһۣʦֹȻ
лأ
͹ġ
СƶСǸŹӣֲô죿ֻ˳š
лػλԴеĹŹͷγȥöƬǰⶫô
Ҳ֪
лأ
ζûʦֵ·ӣصˡȴ֪ʲôġ
˵꣬Ŀлϡ
ϲлء
лΣôǽ½һ
ȥԡлس֣Ƭҡ
ԼŽ
ſƬͬʱ֣лؾͷⶫһģһΪûضʾʱص㣬ͷһƬհס
ճָ΢Ϥ
лһһߵǰ
мȻǸС˳ȥ׵˲٣ƬӦûʲôݼǺš
ʿߣ˲ᳫΪ֡Ϊ˭Ҳ֪żȻǷ˻ʿҲ˵һݵںӱߣ˶࿴һۡ
νġ·ˡǡҲֻǸ۷
ôν
ߣߵеġš
л룬ȥǺ«
«˲پˮҲ֪ʱģû͸ϵɳմں«棬۲
ңǱ˽ʳõһĹ·Ӧȥ
лҪľ֡«ƿڴսᣬȻŵһǳľ
ߣӦ«Ҳûѹ
ι
壬
塪
лź˼Է޷Ӧ
ˡ
룬ֽƺ«ľҺùȥ
ھˮ䵽Էʱ΢ص˫ٿ˳ԱƽƳȥףֻһǾˮǰŵĴʯͷϡ
ø񶾵СޣʹĵؿŴʯͷõľˮô˷ˡ˯ĵض
лؽƺ«£Ŷµƻ˻ſƬЦе壬˭㲻
ҲͲܺ𣿡˵
лһ̯Һ˰
⡭˷ˣʵʹľˮܻҲû԰
˵ĴԼǡͨп֮ĶÿƬʱûᣬԼԼҲ֪лز⣬֪Цеٻ˻ſⶫҶˣƽǸʲô˵ˮƷʲѣʯֶǣȵò죬˯Ҳ¡
ˣǿʶ
л̹Ȼһͷǡ
ˣ
壬˵ģùлصʯͷ˯Ų˯ĵط
ﻹɽǰԼ˯һֲֳɵ˿߷ĳģͨ鲼ʵö࣬Ǳ·иһͷ¶޵ʱܶطһɣ˭֪һ·סջżҰʱֶ࣬˯ʵãⶫҲûó
˵ű㽫˯˳Ǽ׹ȥ
ӦǸʿⶫ˹аŪƬ̣ʽסһⶫַ㡭СޣĶŪĺö
лرش𣬻ߣת˰Ȧֻ˻ش𣺡壬˵Ľ󽲾ɣҪ֪Ҳشһ⣿
Ӵһ´лƬ̣ЦһС޵Ǻϵ˵ɣ֪ʲô
֪лָָϵľƺ«
Ƶ
Ҫ󣬱һ֣ƣȻġ
ʲôۣ
ǵڶˡҡͷĻشأ
˯л˵ȻҲġ
Է֡סһڴ˴һٶʮأûⶫģ
ϴСгô࡭лָ˻ΣڶŶ塣
˶٣ֵûҪˣܿ𣿡
Էһ㶣ܿɫѿ
ͻȻʶԼ©
˴šûⶫ
˼ǣһȥƽ˾ĵطһҪأУһٶʮֻ꣬ڴ˴
ƱȻǴӺġ
лػЦеġ
Էһҧ߹ȥƺָմƣڴʯϷɿػ˸лûһɫƾճڴʯĺϣת֮󣬴һš
лüͷ¶˸Ц
һ߿һۡ
ȻǸԲ¡
ɫá


64 
Īֵĸоʵ̫࣬þȣܸоϢں, û̫, ֻԼ̹Ȼǰߡ
ǰһ, Ͼ˼ٽֵӴųӭĿˡ
лԤҪ١
ڡС˿׵ʱ򶼴һصζѹúܵͣҲӰлؾֿŹġл, ľûô, žֽ׻Ծƽģ
㲻Щ졣
С, νطġ꡹, Щδʱ򣬱沢ûĶòáûбȫЩҩ, ҩ衣
ɽ, ֻҩעΪʲôֵƳΪѹЩҪзۡ
ҲлʶʵϲǶĶ, ˵, Ϣ׬ǮĶʵ١
ϻ, ԶԼͬſʿ롣
лغֹزԭ, ϧԼҲǸʿ, ޷, òƾԼ׺ҵӵųĿ˴һ֪ĶɹЩá88ѧɡ޼һ
ɹֶŵ˵ϡ棬ʿ棬ὫЩϣһЩɵɢޣŪõĹҲֻϺСᡣ
ϧЩлˣǵÿġ
뵽лؿͿسĵ·ʩһ񣺡֮л¸֪
ߣҪȻһ١
ƺֵֹġ
л¿ȥĵ·Ѿ䣬ӰСﲢһȥտյƺû֡
ǡ
šüϸ˼
δ䲻˿סлһѾ˻ȥȻһҪνȻ
Ҫܡɫÿ
лر˵ϡ棺ܡĹ֣
뿪ҵˡ
л죬˵ʲôû˵
ʶΧ֮㣬ǰС̸ɫ䡭ڸ˵뿪߷Χ
۾Ƶġ
ȵȣ
ĸ֪ΧѾôС
л㶣еʣ֪˵ʵ
˰죬ֻ˵ţ֪ˣһ㡭ȥǱ߿ɡ
лָ˸ԶķȻ޿޲ɣһͬ߳
һֵ̤бл̲סͷһۡ
ôƫͷ
øרעҪлصÿһȦлزûвջĿ⣬ûо𣿡
ʲô
ҵĴлض˶٣ܾ˭ڿҡ
ӵķһۣܿջأڻָо
лҡͷûˡ
ûоﲻԣҲûˡ΢΢һ٣ֵûϵߣܹܻġ
⻰˵Щͻأлʶؿһۡ
ö˫ڶ۾
Ҳ֪˶á
лһ£Ȼĸоںʱδܵشߣ߰ɡ
һǰһ
ԣ˴Ǹ֪˭ٵĽӿռ䣬СʵҲֵķΧлһֱǸƵĵʼ۸ֲҵ
ǸС棬ûţſƮɢž㡣ڴ˼Ǹϡϣ˾СĿ˿ȴ١
лؽȥʱСڻˣһǰһʯžƺ«ţ̨ƹӭ˳´һЦǵһ
лüţôﲻͶô
ôᣬֻطĿҶӡ󣬺ʰˡƹ˵ţȥ۵ĻƷЩڵڵš
һƺѰ
ݷͳ̶ȵĲͬҵкü־ƾȲһľˮ˵ԭ࣬ʧЩлƹĿ걳иϰ壬ղˮķӣഫ
˵ô˵
лؿƹƼľƣ˼
ᵽ˻ݵζ
ֶֻڶԭͱĲֵһֲͨ
û󱣻ԼΪԣһЩþɽϵʱֻлһ뵽뵽ڵĶ
һ˼·Ƶķӡ
˵֮˻ԼײԶ
лػǾﲻԡ
תת̽ϷӣΪطûƷ
⻰˵ģС갲Ķô˴ȥƣƹЦЦ۵йأľֻгϺ꣬ȥġ

ѹָ߳ȥľƺ«
⵹е˼лü˶ˣһֹǴȥ
ɵһЩ·
ֹ˴ž뿪ġ·ɲ㡸һЩлЦ£˵ʱǡˡҲоƺ
ƫǡˡ뿪ˡжңгȻҲУ˵𣿡
лһüÿɷ
ƹһ£֣˲ƣҲ
˵һ٣ʼվһһﲻҲڴʱƤ
̨Թſ鰵ɫĲ紵һ㣬лطδ˭˵Ҳ򣿡
ƹסˣûãֻһ¶һЦͷҪļ֣٣

лգۡ
һֳζУ˲Ҳô׻ȥ
ϰ塭ȽԣԵĿˣȻҲǿԴߵġûԵ͵ÿԼϰˡƹ˵ţƵƵķ
ǰʾζ̫ԣл˼ǣϰڵ
ȷȷʵڣԭǲڵģƹһܽŵӣЦˣҪѾƴߣҿϰģ䡣
ҲСлûô˼ͷкСʦܡ
Īôʱֱ֣Сʦ塹Ƚƺ
Ȼƺ͹ֶɱһʱûסˡ
ʦܣ
ƹֶһ£֣лЦ˼ϰشֻһˡ
лؿһָָۣ˼ǣܽȥ
ǵġ
ðɡ
ƹΪлͬˣҪңͼлת˵šԭϰ̸⣬˻ˡĬԵʿߡ
ƹ񣺣
ƹ񣺡ȵȡ
лصĽŲȫûͣҲӦͬһߡ
ڣƹҪ¼ǲܵģͷҲأһ䣬㽫ƹ֮⣬۶ԷŬҲ޷
Ȼһ̣ʶ
лֻǳǰһ͸оһϢӺӿӦ㽫
˵ǣǰ
лؽŲһ٣̧ͷڵĿռ䣬ֶѾϤˣȴδйһôġ
ѹȡ
ԵĿܣƺóġ
УعͼһӰƿ˳
ߣͣ΢֣˹е΢͹ƤȴԵú̬䣬ΪϹķƣЩ̱
ɽ磬ΪµĴʣȴлһֲѹ
ԷĿһ䣬ϡ
ΣЦһ£ȤǡȤ
лü


65 
лرճҺ񿴵ûʣȴصá
ܲ, , һСеĵĻϰ岻Ƿ, 䲻ܵ˵ѹȸСλǵͽʿ
ЩһֱһлҲΪ߽ʿʲôܵĳʱˣ
Σ취Ȼȥ
лʶ𹦷ֿ޴ڵѹȸУһ߲ɫظԷ̽ոڽ, һֱҵ㣿
ԷƺЩ⣺ͦ
ǡл,˭
⡣ԷǶǵص˵ͷ, ˼Ƭ, ûҵʲôʱݴʣǵأ
ô֪һطꡣ
лزϣ̳Ψһһⱸѡޣͺ𣿡
ϻĿɲ, ڻָôɣ
, Է¶Ӷı飺ַᲢۣ
Ȼ𡭡лػԴҿɲ², , ûֲ˽𡣡
⻰˵, һ˵ԷͿʼЦ
Цʮſ, ·лؽ˸ȫЦЦ, лضĪ˵ʲô𣿡治˽, һΪƵġ
Էҡҡͷĺӣô˽ֲҡ
ӿӿӡ
˵һֿʼлؾ͸оһ춯ķտռͻȻһ˿ţòͯݰ㼷лصĴԡ
ӡ
Σա
ռǱ˺һ΢Сѿڣһڽлѿڴơ
΢Сļ壬лܸоЩº޺飬ѡ˳ӣ
ȵȣлغţٸô¡
֪ġ

ǹ˳ȥ
ɣ
лػһС
ǡתô
ҡ
лЩãȻգۣ͵ػͷȴֻƹ񻹸ں棬һЦѯʣ͹Ǹˣ
лüЩڶϣȴоǵĴڣǸռ䣬ǸͻȻֵİˣ˴ѹָУһΥĻþ
ϰ徿ʲôˣлʡ
ƹһ㶣Ц͹˵ЦˣСһʯɻɢޣܴҵ£
˼ǲ֪ˡ
лػ˼䲻ͷһֻ֡һ£ôˣ
лػҡͷû¡߰ɡ
ΪסСֱۣʱķߡ
ס֣ˣ
лߵúܼšȥ˵
ֱصջлؽľиǰԼ˱ˮһһڵغţղšûʲôô
ûСվԱߣڵ˵
ʵҲ֪ʲôлֺ˿ˮڻ̣ͻȻһֵĿռ䡭
Ǹֵĵϰ֣ȻǡЩĪĻ
Է˵ǡĺӣЩ˵
Ϊ¶񵽵ļ䣬ֻЩ϶ڡл¡ļƺûݡ
˵Ƿʲôᣬʲô֪ݣ

ͷȻѿһۣлһΣصسϡ
бյ䣬ۡһʣһˮϡ
ٿǰֿסδڣһѾлڣл
ϤֽҪѿڶȴֹסͣƬ̣Ŀڵлأлأ
ûлӦ
лصϢܻңħɶʱҰֻܿסԷٶľͲܹˣ˼ȥҲֻʣ»һ¿
¾ۿԼȴ޲ߡ
лصûкתҲûֹлʧһ

ͷǰҲѻҪô찡
ҲûҲ顭
Ǿ͡ҪȻ
ϣðɡ

ǰȻֹ໭档
ԼĪǰл¸оԼƺǵšǿϵģΥһ˿ꡣ
Ȼ֪ӣû洫ôãʦҪѡʱл¹Ͻ϶ͷϡȴʵڷеĲǿ˳ȥʱΪڷ
ǸƢԸӵʦԴû˹ܣҲ
·ˣ̫˳
ңӷǰ죬ͻȻеǰĳ˵˾ĪĻ
£㰡ͽܡ
ͬңһԻԩʦͽ⻰лµһͷʦԴҩˣڶӦǡٱԡķ֡
ԥԥػ˾䣺ʦķһǵġŶʦҲչ˺õģҷ֮ǰ
ʱѾǹһԲΪͲһţ⻰ʵʵڵúܡ
û뵽ңӼûҲûޣֻһָӵ鿴лãһº˺ܾõ⡣
ãʲô
տʼлû̫һȥУ񽥽ʦ˼
ʲô
ɼ֣ɽ磿
ǣǺȥʲôֱ
ܹ黹вһĵطлԼãȥӦǲȫͬġ
һʱûףһȥʶͬ
ǰң˵ƣл²Ϊ⣬Ƕʱ䣬òʦǵġ
Գ̫ڷ²ʧȥЩ˿־
ʿӹأ
̶ȣѳΪһֱܣ͹ˣܸˡΪˣл޸ԼĹϧΪۣٶȡ
༷ʱ䣬ŵĲ󣬾ΪҵһܵĴ𰸡
ΪǰύһԼĴ𰸣ô·ľͷĻӦ
ħأ
лǧƺδ˵λħ޷
Ϊʲôֲ
ԼãйطĴ𰸡
֮лһɽ

л۵ʱϵˮûи͸
ѵý̧ͷȥĹĤһš
һ㶣ü·ոյĽ궼ǻþлأôˣ
ͻȻеͷʹ
лЦһ£һЦĸо˲١죬ʣȻлʣ뵽ôʯˣʲôʱȥĽʯ޽ǣ
һܿ²㷽ŵĻû˵ꡪһֿռ䣬Ȼأ
ȻҼǼҵϰ壬Ȼ֪Ϊʲôٿռ䶼Ҫңûʲôֵ¡л˵꣬ơ˵һֱ޸òģǱ˽Ų˵˶٣ûޣ
촽˶
лʵû˵ʲôʲô
ǡûޣǴʦʦµĶ࿴һۡ
Ϊʲô
ɽҲãħҲգ˵Һθɣ
Ȼء
Ȼܹ꣬СƶǸƢԡ
鷳ˣлĵ޲֪ǲͶħ磬֮޴ƫƫΨһ޵ˣޡ
Ȼڡ
лظӵȶȣĬĬ룬˼лµʵУԼҲ̫Ǹˡ
˵ͻȻ
л̧ͷĿдЩãȻţ
˵Щħ޵ʦ֣ƾʦֵΪʧܡ
ͬ΢¹һлϣӰΣǸֵĵϰճ壬ȴһֲϡлػǵЩȻҲǵЩħʱ״̬˵ġ
ĵͻȻӿһ΢ĸо
Ļڼǲʦ⣬ȥ׷ɱЩħޣİͲ뿪ħ磬ɽȺں֮׷ɱӦûܾʵģ԰ɣ
ʵʱЩ}ˣϧлʵ²
գۣЦˣСʦ壬ûһʦԼأ
ϢһӱʮΣգлغɣǻ״̬ܺЩҪЩСסš
л֪ô˳ëȻ룬ƾЩħޣôӰʦַ

㲻ţԼȥ֤һ¡лػһתȥħ翴ɡ


66 
лغһ, ܿתȥˣһ仰û˵
лһȻ, Цһ¡Ժиּ䷭ӿ, ʱԼ, ոһ˲뷨ȻǡСƶǰӲܾ
̬ʵڲãлҡҡͷ侲侲˳ҲԼһ£תŸ֪ؼ飺𣿡
ոЩ顭ӦǾ, лػûŪ׵ĵط
һ, Ҳе㳤һ, лһͯɵӦ
, Ƕڡ
Ǹ˵ˣء
лüʱ䲻ͬ˵Ϊߣ
ˡ
аϲа
аװ׵ĳ, ôǡŶ
лһ²ŷӦ, ħҲаһ֣ԴӸǸħ֮Ϣսƽ, Զûлسʱ, ǱȾһ
ⷽ, лûо飬ħоеͷ
ֻϧ, ͷܽ, »ôӳ顣
лջ˼, ˵Ҳš
ʶϣǲҳ
ţлôҳˣ
û

лʶؿ۱ϵķţգۡ
ˣ˵
ܸҸղô𣿡лػعͷ
Щһ׽̬̹ϡ֪޲ԣû뵽ȴлؿ֧Ҳû˵Ȼ˵⣬ػתһ䣺ǺѻشĲ˵ˣΪԼҲֻʰˡ
ǲǣǲ˵ЩƺᣬýǡҲ֪ʲôֻ֪Σա
ظлأ޴ڣֻҪӰӡΪ׽лأȻȻػлصж
仰˵ʱ䣬Щ鶼һ·лصġѣΣյϢȻ취
лȷʵû뵽Լšݸлл
֮ܿǸոǾҳǡ
ţ鲢û˼
лҲ˲ôʻ᲻ðˣֱ׵ȻǸϰĴڷǳΣգǾҳѵˣǡ𣿡

ǡҲ
Ҳ
Ӧá㣿ûʲôϵ
Ҹ˵ʯǰأ
лأ
лأǻǰ󱲵𣿡
ееġɽʯع棬ʯǰ
ˮǰҲǣǳڣǲ

ʯǰû𣿡
ȺߴߴãиԳȵ˵˻
л֮ǰʯͬƺһʶлţλʯ˵Ļӡ֤Ĳ롣
νġ项Ȼڳõʱ۳ʶܶ࣬ȷлǸʯ顣
ͬһ鹲ǧ´ĸ֪ʶʯ鲻عġǰ鳣л˵ʣȴ֪ٶлأԼҲԼĴڷʽΣʱᡸɢֻҪʶﲻǾԶڡ
ҵϢɢǶǺ¡ʯʮֺͰﻹЦ⣬ҪΪѹ
лأô֪ѹ
Ըܣܸоһ
Һ񡭡⣿лسһ񣬺ȻЦǰ˵ģҪʲôҡ
˶٣šüҾ˭ĺӣ
˼룬𰸡ʯ˵֪ġ
ҵ˼롭ҪҸֱôлʡ
Σʯ鲢ûлشƺԾлشӵɢ
֡
ÿÿʵؼ֮˶ܿ˻ش𣬾ͺĳƵġ
лߵǰȻ̧ͷ졣
·ߵһĴ𰸣
˼
Ц£ҡҡͷת׼ȥŲȴȻһ١
ڳ
о
ǻ͵͵㡭㻹Ҫʯ𣿡
лüݸţǸоôˣ
뷨˵ԸرǿҵʱǾܸоһͯ˵㻹Ҫʯ𣿷ԲǧδֵʯǶҵ
Ҫʱǡл˵ҵȥСʦ
˶٣ѡѭĵֱţʦܡ
Щ飬ҪŪףħ߲ɡ
л¶˾ģ⡣
Ҳˡ


67 
֪Ҳ, лؾһȥ侲ˣҲ
ڳǻ, Ѱټ
ʿù, ٻԭĺۼ, лʹѰٷûҵټֻ˵㣺Ҫôл֪ȥ˺ۼҪôͲж÷뿪ġ
ǰܴߵ
лЩʣ˭Ҳûټ, Ǹл˵, ڳʮһƬҰ, һΣϢĲ
˵ǡҵ죿лü
ԡ˵š
, Ǹϰ壬˵ϰϵĶĿĲô
ƺе˵ͨ
, Ǿʲô
˼ȥδ, лؾһˡ
ڣһҲ̫μдĶ֪
Ȼ׼֮ǰ, үµоɹһˡлظԼͨѶ˼·֮, Ȼʶһ⣺ô֪סģ
ү, ʵʵ˵㳣ڳֲ֣ǶȺҲĳ, ס, Ҳ°ɣ
԰
л, ǰǸ˰
ǲǲðײã
мæлˣ֪иᣬôʯ취
˵˭Ҳûк޸Ǹ󣬵òϻӦȱ롣
ʲô
ʯ޽ǡ
ү΢΢Ǹϡ
ͬʦлض˶٣ѡ˸ĳƺСʦˣΪⶫ˵⣬ҿ϶Լĵġ
û˼ү˵ϡܶ˶ţķˣָճͱ˽ˡ
лšü
ȷʵǸ⣬ԭû⣬ֻΪڳ
ô죿
лԼ
ĲֻȽ飬ԼҲò׼ûʯ޽ǵġ
ңԭͿÿѧϰ󷨵ʿ֪ĳʶ
Ϊѵãϵ󷨡ҩЩ궼ʧˣ˵ּ
ҪǶɣүлصɫҪ
ǰɡлҲ֪ô˵޸Ҫ̫٣Щɽļɲûй£ֻ˵ħҪ߾衣
ľ飬֪ʯ޽޸Ĺؼϣм̧ܳۡ
ʵҲȫûа취ү룬Ȼ֪ܲǷݽʯ޽ǷųΣÿζˡѾޣ˶֪ȴ֪ʹãټϼ۸񰺹󡭡ǱƬǲġ
лһ㶣ҲУ
ȥһ£Ȼ𸴣ү˵дҡ
лأûС
ү
лЦһһǡ
Ĳ˵һᳵ·
Ϊˣлֶൢ˰գҹɷĳ̤˹;

ԭǷǳľ룬лܸоΪѲپԭľ磬ǻЩʱղŻصš
һʱûɽƺ˽뷽ʽлɽתȦûҵڣĥʲôšͼһ˳ֽԶԶƮ˹
ţҽرϲֽ˸Լ򹤣ⶫĴʡлһֱ֪ʣѸٸȥ
ҽȻڴһ䣺ôһ˻ˣ
лض˶٣ʧˡ
ʧ٣ҽһʵı飬ôˣ
ôҲΪҳܾͲɣлһ֪ˣĲˡ
˵꣬ǰ˵һ飬Ϊвٲ˵Ĳ֣лȥ˲ϸڡ
ϧҽ塣
ѰٷܱͬԴȴֲܱǷ񡸰ȫл˵ΣϢʱζسлؿһۣлû˵ɣ
лҭһ£Ҫһʦæȷһǲǻš
ǧ꣬ҾƵĲ¡ҽʼ磬תɣƽȻֳ
ֲ㣬ϻɷֺ޸ֱڻûȫɣƽ͵ľ
ҽţ׾ٵһƫƧɽͷ޸ֳҵƽȻлص⣬ƽȻı鵹Ǳҽö࣬Ŷ˴Ҵǰ
ڴ˴ҡ˵꣬ƽȻͶԽС
ȵȰɡҽŵ̾˿߶߶ģһֻܽ
Ϊ˰ȫл̳ļ䣬ƺӱǧ˿Ƶϵ￴ƽʵ󷨵ķϸļ֮һ

ô˵ɭϵĵطСɽ
лһ㶣ϻЩɷǲҲ󲿷ֳڡ³֡ţ
ʲôҽ
л͵ػ񣺡ûʲô
ɽ£ҽ嶼δ֪лûþתһע⵽ҽϵĶţⶫֳˣ
ҿûǸ󷨲úãԼˡҽǸ̻Ҫһô㿴֮ǰ˵ôţ
ӳɻ߳죬ȿлϵĻһֽǰֲ
𣬡̵֮󣬺ʯҺһȶϣٸԵϼѪ߽ᵤɹʡ
ҽһֱƽȻȥĵطԭûϸл˵ʲô˺ðŷӦȵȣ˵ᵤ
š
𵤵ĵ
ʿҲûеڶɣлЦ
ô֪ⶫôãҽɻԼ𣿡
лأúõΪʲôҪ¡
Щգšü룬ͷһ￴ģҵΪɽǰȷʵû
أҽʡ
Ҳ֪
֪ҽһۣ⻹֪ܲģ
Ȼûʿ᲻֪ԼΪ磬лĿǰһ״̬ﴦտҲ˵Ϊ߲ȥڷ·ԴԴϵʵġ
ټսʵ䡭
ʵ˵ܹȫ֮ǰ˵ܹٷ֮ȷл¾Լ֮ǰЩҽἰлر˸Щиòӡˣȷʵ֪Ǳ飬ڲҵģͷҳ㿴ҾӦÿš
϶ţǾлдġ
ֲףֲҲѰãĿǰȱȴҪ˵϶ǸϢ
ҽǸ߸߹𡹵ӣϾһ֮ӦǸ˵ġ
лرΪΪ˷ܶתע˭ԸΥҽ嶢һҲ֪뵽ʲôٿݸ
֪ԼΪð죬㹥ԡ
лһתͷ
ȫҽ˵ģҽӵס

ҽ嵱Ȼӵס
һ㡪⡣
ƽȻгʱ򣬾ͼ׹ײ˲󷨵ĵϣһıըĿѣѸǰ磬ŭȵʲô
Ÿ޳ӡ֪֪ɹܻʯİ
л˵
¸̫ˣе㲻ԣ
ԽԽԾˣ
֮


68 
ߣһʱЩɹ
Ȼڱƻ, һ, ҪԭҪ㹤, õʯҲСƽȻ֧ټһɲףϸ㣬۵òУûؽһٽѵ
ȻǸСӵţǹҪǳҽ
֪㻹֪𣡡ƽȻ,һܼ֮ң
ҽۡ, лػ뷭ۡ
ܾǰŲôٿ׽, ҽʵͬ֡¿ʡ, Ҫл˵ҽƽȻˣ㲻ҲܽӰ, ЩõıԹ
ϾһֵصĽ, ϵġʦлػǺܸӵسҽΧʦ, Сʦơ
, ġƽȻŤͷһ, οʦǸ˲, ȴǴú, ̫ġȴҽ˴ԭ, һ¡
ԭҪЩʱ뿪ȥȡҽתͷζضлЦ
лأţ
ֻƬԡҽ˸󳤳ĳĬ
лΪµʲôʱȴͻȻһת˵Ǳ飬ˣ
лرҭ£ûɽ
ȥáҽ̧̧°ͣ˵Ȼ
лЩΪѣôŲҪ𣿡
ǻҪġ
˵ȵƽȻ˻к뿪
лطгδ鲢ѡҽΪʲô뿴Ȿ飬ЩڲСȻлҵݹȥ֮ҽֻǷ˷Ƥͣ룬ЦЦʲôҲû˵
߰ɣ黹лأʦȥ
徲ڡ
ΪȷƽƽȻż侲˵˵֮ǰȥǶʲôҲźƶʦܵ١
Ǳȥʯ޽ǵġ
лЩò׼òöƽȻ֪޲ԣϾƢŹ֣˵ħԨ£ɽ綼һ䴦ζһţЩƽȻû˵͵ʯ޽ǣǶףʣĪǡ޸ħԨõģ
һһ׼ʡȥлصľᡣ
ͷǡ
ԭѡ˽ʯ޽ǡôƽȻʡ
лҡͷСʦڶûͬҽֻһλصѰҴ
㵹ǵĶܽѡҽЦһ󣬽ȥδⲻס
Ҳûİ취
л̯֣ûǶʲôáǸķˣ˵ʯ޽ǹأ±˶ᣬ뵽ȫķϵңҲһ
˵л룬ҾСʦ޸²ǺֻܻԷһȥˡ
⻰ƽȻ𾪣Ķģ
лرˣСʦЧʣôöûѲռ룬ѵǲɵ˼
ƽȻ
лأ
ҽȻѹְ
лû
ƽȻǰʦ䲻˽⣬ûб˽ˣ˽޸һ˹ȥЩɷ¼ƵиѹҲûʲô©ֻ޸һ糣ԭ
ҽ壺ԭ©ߡ
˵ôôأȴû뵽һҽЦͣƽȻûصһۡ
ɱɣʦ֡ЦҶЩȤһˣȥлͽ˵λϰ塣Ϣ˵Ĵڲ࣬ħԨͷбʡ
סϵģƽȻûдӦ֪ܴĴڲ࣬᲻֪ǰȥжΣգҡ
Ҳûˡʦ֣óšҽµĴ㣬ػؾ˵Ҳͷͬһ·ˡֱײҿûôͷɽǰҿⷿɡ
¹ʦðΣƽȻκܴ󷽣С
м¡ҽ˵лʦֵ˽ö٣ȥûõĶ
ƽȻ
¶
ӦöʦǶĶ
ԣ򲻿ҲԹ˭ֻҪͬ⡣ҽ˵ţлصķƳһۣҲȥĵطǼҪ߶
лأ
ʲô£ֲ֪Ķô
ƽȻΪа취Ϊ˾Ҳ˵ðͷͬˡǱƿҲֻԼˣӦᶯŭ
лҲôģ˭ҽ˵ĶʵȴƽȻӱ˹ȥлɽꡣ
ȥĶл̲סͷԶı壬ˡ
лµ˽ȷʵвٺöҴ򲻿ĽơҽͷҲأͽ֪ʵһֱһ¡
ʲô
ء﾿ʲô
лأ
ҼǵȥҽЦ£ʦ£ҡ֪ءĽֻлܴ򿪡
лأ
ʱ̫ãҽ岻û
ơСʦҲܽȥʹأлؽһ䡣
ҽ岻֪飬˳˵Ƕ֮ˣлʦַǰģǰҴδءлʦһ˵ĵ̡
˵ɽˡഫô
ģҽЦЦǰȷʵ֪Ǹɽְȷʵл½ġ
л±ĳ뷽ǻֻлԼ֪ˡ
ĳҽһӣлشƶ˽䡣
˴Ƭ֣лشδСײþĵطͬһ
ŨľֹЭͬУǸڡ
᲻ú֣Ϊʲôһ󷨣ȻΪߵϴţңʦȥȴл½ȥɲлԲµ󷨡ҽץлص֣еĳһ˹ȥ
ûж⣬лҲûзֻ޳ֱʧһ룬Ǵĳֿϡ
ҽȷϣлЦЦѡ˵ؿɣΪ˴ɽأȻ룬һȻֻһͨΪʲôأ
ЩƮɻٿ䵽ϣл뵽˼⣬ػش𣺡Ѫ
ԣлʦǸ¶ҽͷʼպʲôлʦϢϢصĶ˱׽⣬ҲҪ¡Ҿáʦ֣»˭ܴĶҲֻˣأ
ʧˣǿƲ˵ķչ
˲ŵ֣Բ㣬жһսǺõġ
˭֪л̾˿
Ҫǲ˵ȷʵû뵽ﻹܸлйϵһΪײþֻǸɺϡת˸Ȧҽ壬Ȼǰ
˺ܿ촩Խǵ谭ϣ̤硣
Ȫˮɽ֣ө
ҽ岻ţһжôľȲװģ
ʵϣŵȺɽ࣬ǸĵطҽĿȾô꣬ΪԼᱻʲôɽˮ羰סĺر
룺˵þ
Сʦҵ֡
ССʦ塹أҽһƺ֣ؿб
˵ʵûʲôʵСǴ˵ɽˮ㣬ֻǰ̸лͨˣʱҲʵʵ˵лµļ䣬ҲΪлصļ䣬żԼл£ż־òǡ
㵱ô£
лزؿҽһۣԼû뵽ôȻؽл±ˣ˺ðβŵ֪
֪
һûʱüǸһˮģԲŻвеĸо
ҽûϵô˵ϸһ룬־úелµķɵأŲĽɡǸֱֱȥӣԼĺĺͲֱԵĲˬĥ꣬ʮϣܽŪ
˵Ϊǳ˺֮ܶ࣬л¡Զ
лضԴ˲⣬Ӧһǰȥ
Ϊڲͬ˴ϻؽĵطˮҲԶлز֪ҽĿģһ˴ֵĸоԼӦһƵġ
ҵ˼ǡҽ˵ҲΪ˭ǰлʦֶ׽٣䲻ڽȴҲǿġΪѳˡлءݸеĳ̶ȣȴԶԶϵ꣬ԼҲ˵»ûԻ᲻ǡ
лƫͷ
᲻ǵ㱻˸ɢǲȫ
л˵
22/03/17 ˵Сbug


69 
粢ûֻ֮˵˾, ҲûС˵гġޡڡʿ֮νġɢ, ָԪӤɢˡ
ʿԪӤ, ڽ𵤻ӤӵʶԹͨһռ䣬ؾ񾳣Ԫǿ͵һ̶, š
ԪŲǼ򵥵ġ˶ʱһԼΪսô, ൱ڶһ, ʿʱ, ԪѣֻҪԪڣɽĵر
˵Ĺ̷, ϾǶһĻ, һ;٣ҲʿġսƷ֮һ
ˣʵڽͲԭ򡣡ҽü,, Ҫʦ, 顣
˵ǸͷϴŻ𾴵, лµʦֻһ, ɲ
ʦҲ, ͺְɡ
ҲСҽ岻̫Ĵطǲͷûе
ţǰʱ١˵лһ׮£ԳȥݾǴҵġ
⵹ٲܹ˿
ͨ˴İţͬʱǸӵл²Ĺ򡭡ȷʵҽֱ϶ʲôϵ
ԭˡҽȻ
תһ룬ЩʧǸأֻЩǴ򲻿˽ˡߣǿطȫò
һȣƽڿնлûͱһ˰ա
סΣлضеΣҾɲ߽ģôкһ
ҽͷҲûأô֪ɲ߽磿
о˵㲻˵˵Ȼ󣿡
ʿؾ߽ĵط޷ҽΪߵģܹ󷨵Ĺؼڵ㣬Ӷҵؾʵ߽磬
лػͷһۣƶ˵ǰн¶ȫòԶϡٲӰӡ
ΪԶһɵģС
أҲܡ
ˡ
ٻȥƵġ
ڿʲôҽҲŻͷһۣͻȻסһôиٲ
͵һɲ
лرһģʵܲ˴˵ڣҳŵʽϣȻԼҽСΡ˳һʣոûô
ûҽ廻˸ɣȥ
áлصͷеģĸоʲô
ô˵ҽ͵ػͷ
лأ
лأûü
ߡҽһ·˳ȥ
ʿԣǧ֮಻ߣɳȥԶлûϣַ˻ץлһɡ
ȻôŬǰɣԶʵٲûп˼ֻ˵˵ʲôоĽơ
ҽͣͷлأôȥ
ô֪лرʵƾо߿ɣϴҲߵġ
ҽ룺ҲС
лйϵĵطоķ׼ȷ
ͨ˿˼飬ʿʵǺܳ˾ͽѡ˸طأл룬˳
ⲻ棬лѾܾûˡʵеʱǽ͵ģлضٸоΣ޶˰ë޵ԴȻȥ
һֻϻǰߣںš
ϻҲûе֣ҽ岢ûֻϻԸпⶫͦɰ
ɰĶܶࡣл˵ûз֣˴Ũƺûޣ
ҽΪȣûУ
棬ԽɽԽνޡָǿǶȡޡ
ûΪ඼׺ģ˶ⶼҪʮֵľġ
ĶȴƽͣĿǰΪֹǶû𹥻࣬ƽ͵þͷ·˴һ㡪
ҽת¹ܵľɽеĸһЩ
ôءǸȻ󷨱԰
Ÿ·ܿ͵ˡлصע
֪Ѿٲҽ忴ģ⾪ȣ³֣
е񡣡л롣
³ֻӦߵԸͨԻߵģ˽󷽷ҲҪĬţӲŻΪߴͨ·ƺǷ㼱ſʱٲ㿿
̫٣Ҳ˵ãҲֻǻӦлһ˵Ը
ҽеͷתȦû˵ʲôֻʣж
лءҲ֪
̧ͷ˿ϷٲǴӼߴƾģˮƬٲһ壬ǹɸӵңԶǿңʮ׽͸
˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ̧ϻһվ̶ˮС
ҽһ۾Ϳȥ̶룬Ϊȡ
ȵ»ں档
ͻȻҡ
лص˼֪ЮȥԴ˻Ȼδҽȴؿ²ȵǿԲ̶Ȼѿʶ˦ˣһ޷ֵĴϮҲ˽ȥ

׹䡣
һ˲ʧȥʶ֮ҽܿ˹
һƬڣ۾ӦΧĹʱ䲻Ƴ·˵棬æ˹סԼһԵлء
ƽأͬʱҽҲо˲ԡΪڣתȴɬϷͬƺûʲôڡ
Ҫ֪ΪݽߵĵʱҲûɬĸо·ˮһ㡣
üȥ鿴лص״̬лأ
лֱͦͦվţ̶ˮʱһ˫Ŀգƽͣûʹ࣬׹ûκӰ졣
ͺˣǰһ˲ʧȥʶҽ岢֪ĵط̧ͷҲ˵ôߵĵطӦЩ֪
лأ£лأ
лͻȻ۾
һ˫ݵ۾ޱϲŰһеĿƺĳĪıˡ
ҽ屻סһʱס
ⲻлأԿ϶
ѣлءʵ
лصɣҽصͷָһʱ׼֡
лءδƬֵ̣Ϊһ㡣
ҽ壺
棬Ǹʲôˮƽ룬ָˮƽˣ𣿡
ࡣҽΪ˵ЩҲǵټĴˡ
ôʿûˡԷƺ⣬ô˵ӦҲˣ

ؼʣҽ˲뵽˵лµǳɽһ˷䲻ǰȴͬʱɵء
ü˷
ΪܴӶԷʲôû뵽лء꣬ȴ΢΢һЦ⵹Ǻ¡
ҽ壺
ĪǷʲô⣿
лء˵ţתźڰȥ֪ɻãҲҪΪ󡣡
⻰ƺ˵лرˡ
ҽлûж⣬һʱɻ󡪡þ˵ųǰʹڴ˵صȻؾҽδƬؾиߡûλлصĴڣӦǿþˡ
һܣ

ܲѶɽٵġҲԣɽûзɹڴ˽
ҽƬ̣ڻ̧Ÿȥ
ҲΪġ
ҪлضȥԺܻᱻʦִ
л˵
еСbugһ£
ҪؿӰ


70 
ǰĲͣġлءͻȻͣ˽Ų, ͷ, ΢΢һЦûõ, ʡɡ
ҽ壺
жȴ֣ⱻҭסͬʱ룬˹ȻǸһ磬ûܷʶж
룬̽ʶĴڲࡣ
Լǰɡлء̾˿,Ǵǰ˵仰, ҪЦ, Ȼ̾, ˵ˡ
ҽü⻰Σǰл·ǻĹһ޼, Ļֵ÷Ц, ʲôʱ
λ˶ˣҪ֪һؾвִʱ಻, ǡ
һʱ, ҽ˼׷, ɻ
ʦ֪л˴ܴأлأ
Ҳ̽ˡҽһͷǻҪ߶Զ
лءûֱӻش, ֻº͵ڸõʱ, ͻᵽˡ˵
ҽֻøϡ
Ҳ֪˶, ǰڳĳֶ̫塣ҽ岻ɼӿ˽Ų߽֮󣬲ŷǰǸµʯס
ʯܿĻƣһۿȥĿͱЩ򵥵а⡣Խ˵ĶԽܳΣգҽоǿԼߡ
Ӧĳõķģҽϼʶ㣬ȴδַ
ַѾʧˡǸӦ룬лءͻȻ̾Ϣһ
ҽ忴һۣĿֱֱʯϣʵûʲô𣿡
ûж޷
лء˵ţջߣתҽķЦЦʯж㲻Ҫǵִ򿪡
ʲôҽһδӦǰġлءǰһˡ
ҽæס壬һ˾ιȥˡ˵޷֪̽лص״лغƽȣҷ˰ģлأлأѡ
лֻԼһܳΡ
ҲΣûôԺۣһʱ֪ϦϦ
ܿ죬һϤڻлأѡ
壿ʶغ˶Է֡
ҽһϻһˣ̴΢仯𣺡ʦ֣л£
Ҳ֪лͷͷʹ
ĴԾһȻʿԣʹҲ·;еĲ׺һڣֵһᡣ˻ԼԴԻЩ̧ͷܣǡոô£
ƬѿˣҽԼ࣬иͬ˵Ҫȥʯס
ţл˳Ļƫͷȥ
ڵϢȴǰġлءҪºͣȷʵл¸һЩ˼лǱصƤҽ嶢˺һҲûŪʲôȷлϵȷ˱仯
ţȻлءסһӡ
ҽ壺ţ
ͻȻ֣ƺػл˵ţӵվʯȥӡֱһֲطĶٳĲطûֱ̫࣬ȥǹײĸǡ
ҽ壺С
ġֻû˵ڣײĸѾлƳϴһ죬ʲôҲûð˶٣Ļ˻ȥСĿлһ̽ͷ￴
лءסһ
ػʯϣΪһ߱õԶʬ壬Ȼǣֻƽһ仨
ϸڽ©κ֮䣬ɫӨףںڰУƺɢĳֲԵ΢⡣
Ϊʲôǻҽ岻⣬仨΢ͷֲժûа㲻ͬҪ˵ر𣬴ֻûƷˡ
Դӽһ·û飬ҲԵ仨жر
⻨лüĳ˼ǻ
ţ
ҽûףֻسǶ仨֡
ʯ׵ףлزòȥ
Ǹ̫׵Ķֵǣлغ׾Ƕ仨
ָ⹻һ˲䣬ΧȻҽٿ̧ͷֶֻصˮ̶ǿԲεŵϣˮȥ·ոյһжǻΡ
лڽӺˮǻȴ֪ʱ˸һˮӶûС
ﻨл˵仨֣ЩпҰҴķһԪ˼ȥ֮ᣬȡʱԼ´ͷβǸƭ֡
ԽԽֱΪһ޷ֱӵĹǹ˳лصһ·𽥽˰
ϤϢӿҽüԾģִɽаγ彣Ϊ
ֱµķԽ꣬ˮС
󳾰䶨
СȥվںĵģлأҲл¡

Ƭ̺þҵһ˵ɽ
Ұ޵Ϣжʱûסˣ˱޳ܵؽһ¡ҽˮĻڵԼˮĻŪ˸ѣصлذʪ·˳
лȷʵҲû뵽ȡһԪĹУٲһͷϽˮס˵֪ǲǱˮ˵ԵʣⱻӡõķԪƺûں⡣
˺ҽˮĻ߳ȥ
ҽؿһֻӣͷЦı·ֻŵĵӷ𣿡
Сл˵
ôһ⣬һȦ·󲡳Ƶģ˼ֲУȻõҲԵرˡ
û°ɣҽȷһ䡣
лҡҡͷ
ǿԸҽʲô𣿡룬ǰȱʧӦԪȫԵʣأ
һЩĶʼ˵
˵ɡҽ顣

лִγѵĴʶǺþû˵˼һŵ˵֮ǰһ⣬÷ȥʲô𣿡
ҽһ
лؿһۣЦˣɽһ۵Ƿ߹ƽӹʿҪô׷Ҫô׷ƾ˭ҪһͻƲˣҪȡЦġʵҿûʲô𣬶ҾʦҲˣȻǰ˵ЩǶǵĻ
ǲģңͽԼķֻ֣ô˵
ҽȻüڡô˵Щ
ﲻһлЦЦɽ⣬ٲڵķһֻۣ˵һ治˵Ļ
ȥڳǻعأʿԪΪǻعءлصСϽ硹𣿿ʱԽΪԽǽԼΪһ壬عͨ裬صá
˵˳ִɽʯһ֦ҶľϵһȦǸµ֦Ҷ㳤һأ
ľϵĹҽ⣬ӺֱײҲ׺ݣԼʦһƷ˵ܡšܡաԭаϿˣֲֲԣлز
ȻԽͬΪԽߣӦ˼·ŶԣʱƲ⣬ʿֻͬʽͬʵ;ͬ顣мҲ֪ûעǰŸǸ׷ɽһֱ˵ǡǰ˵ıӻãսݽߵڣЩģ
лرЦ˵ҽȴĵͷƤ顣
ʿǻعأ
лһע˵ұͶԳȤ󣬵ʱˮɣǰ϶ˣҾ룬ûа취ӹ
ҽԺһѾؿ㻹밡
ֲٿ⡣лسգգۣ㻹˵Ҫ쿪룬һû֣
˵ͻȻûԼ㶣⿴һۣͣˡ
˵ϾͲ˵˰ҡͷðɣ˵ģΪʱ˱ķ֣ʵûʱֻ֤Ȳĵ伮߻һӹķ룬ֻҪܻշŪ׵Ū׵ġ
ķпԪ񣬷Լķҽɻˡֱԣܴ
зʱ޷ףԼķ棬ǰ
ķ࣬Ϊ˱ԪõģҲܿ϶Լǻܼܲǰ¡˵лصıЩŹ֣´Ƭ̲˵Ҳ֮ǰ¡
ҽΪ׷Լֵ֪ʲôû֣ϸ룬һֻԼܽؾȷʵǴ
ǰ֮˻ҽ˵ʱʧˣ˶Ϊˡ
ȷʵǸ⡣ռ䣬û뵽Ťġһ¿ǣҵ˸еִĴֱӽҾˡ
ЩĶ
ڵˡл˵꣬ҽ±Ƶı飬̲ס֣˵ҴԽˡ
ҽ壺
лصġ˵ҽģûСԽĸҽˡ
ʿܿһռ䣬Ƚףл룬÷һź򣺡裬һʿڵ磬ʿٵĿռ䡣
˼ǡϣԣӦ˵ҽûʵĴʣԱ˼˵ֹһڣ
ԡлصͷ˵ڶź򣬡СڣΪǳľһֵѭҴԽС磬Ȼĳʱż⣬
˵ˣͷһһֻعصķʽСȥ֮󣬻һС硭ֱ֮ǰӦȥֹһС硣лؽһϣ˲ʧšüҲ̫ǵܹȥ˼СˣҲвּ⣬ģϾֻļ䡣
ļҲȫ
лشۣ˿ԼģˣȻҲǵãһԪ񣬱˱ĵط
ΪԼ쳣֣µ
Ǹٲ
⿴һۡ
Ǽ仰⿴Ĳ֪ڼˣҽȻע⵽ˣǱأ
ʲôģлػ
иոոĴڣ˵ʵʺܶࡣҽ˵УΪָ˼ɣҪҪһɽ


71 
ҽ岢Ļش, ˵˭лµڵһλңӶվ
, л˵ġڿʲô, Ԫոչλʱ, ʿ״̬ãԼҲ׷ʵ̫
ǡ뿪ҽ룬ȻļָˣĶɣȥҵ㻤Ķ
лؿе񣺡ȥˡ
ţ
ŶŻȻԼ⻰е壬ͷҽ,˵, ҼǵµĶûرõ, Щͨʿп, Ҳ֪ͨ˴ơʦܡ
ҽ壺˼ǡ
ող˵˹ڷһͨҽ岻ľͨʿ, ǡ
ĪħĴħͷ²⡣
лЦˣħдħͷŶ, ûȥħ硣ħԨ֮£ʵֻ޺ħޣʲô֪, ħޡͬûʲôͬ, ޷˲ͬ˰ˡ
ֻǹͬʿ, ΪɽԹħϷأܸЩ׵ĵطҽ岻ͬδȥħ, ħɱ, һǼʶġ
Щ˵Ĺ, Ѫблػܾǰĳ棬Щпɽ֪ħħҲ˺İɣ
ҽһȷʵ֪
ħҲˣɱħ޶ԣħδزǵġʳ˵Ϊħ˺ǲŲòǧټӵɽ޴ķˣ׵֡лػһת֪ͨʿħ޵ĸ𣿡
ȻԲбҽҲħ޵˽ɽһֻмνħʱľһƳ
ķʽлزûп˼ܿ˵˴𰸣ʿĿԼؾͬȻתУвӵĲֻᱻ޳ȥħ޲ƽЩǵɷʽӶᡣ
кõĲֻǻĲ֣ͨͨɽתΪԼһ֡
ҽšüʱɸѡǡеĲӲֿɶ档
ħ޶ƢԵ֮һл룬Ҳֻͬദʱ䲻ûоطǡ͡ǡʲôһ
ͣһ£ȻħӦħͣʱ䲻ûȫֻǾƾħ޵ӦôʦܣµĶûʲôõġ
šҽͷ˼һҪ㡣
ȷʵЩҴǰ룬뵽Ҳл˵ݸҲһ롣
ҽû
ͬȥطɡ
лû˵תз
һǻѣһǷʪ·ʱͽתɣлֻһأɵ´ȥ˶е
߰ɡ
ҽ岻Եظϡ
Ⱥɽ֮Уɽ·ط˼ҽ嶼ûȥ֪л¶ɵ˽࣬ΪлҪԼȥʲôɽڣ˭лѹû뿪þĴ㡣
ڿз·ĿĵطȦĿȷĳȥҽں棬Ϳĳһͨͨʯͷֻ˵طһֲж·ô˼ҽ岻ˣʲô
⻰ôЩҲû˵лֻܺش𣺡ҿš
ͣͣһһ߻䣬þж˾žŰʮһҽصٲ¡
ҽ循ԭƽƽԲ̾һ˵ľ£ϣʶ֪̽һѳΪܡ
ʱоʲôڣ谭ʶȥȴʲôûС
صġƿصΣոУǰøлϵǸڣ֪ʲôֱҲֹ׷Ѱ𰸡
ʲôۡ˵ա
Ƭ˹Ĵڿʼ궯
лؿȥ
лصǱ򶨵ö࣬վĿֱֱضųˮ룬ηɽˮϣţǲһţһЩ
ҽ΢ȣлĿ֮ȥȷԼʲô쳣Ķû
ȷʵжǶ
˲٣ҲȫǵãӦûһԪͷл˵˻ЩȻûͷûβϢ㣬ҽƶϳ˵ʲô
취һ롭ΪʲôǸҲҸİлЦˣ˵ʲô޷ŵ㡭Ҽ֪£ŵҲǶص¡һǧһǧֻǷǵ÷СңǲˣҲ˰
ҳûҶˡأΪ˳ôܲ˼ά⣿
Щ˵꣬лصһôƬ̵ͣ󣬶Ǹ˻Ӧлص˵ͷ
šȻܰģ޷Ǿǽȥǰܶ࣬һɽ쳣ŨŵĵǻáǳģԿһ£ξҶҪȥʦܵġ
ʱ䡭֪ͬ⣬Ҷ

϶˵˲ٻֱѹȸɢȥһ¡ҽſڣոաʲô
лػͷһۣû
ǡոոϵλ
šл˵꣬ˣ˵ǡλɣ
Ǿ˭ԣҽüͷǲǸʣǾʲô
Һش㣬ǡлس΢Цˡ
ܽ˱ĴڣҲֻв˵ˣҽ尵ľֲɻ
Ȼ˴þأµؾ־ڴ˴ֲ޲ףл˵Щ
ǰ˵ģͬ治һЩ˵治˵Ϊʲô
桭ѵͲ
̫ࡣлؿۣ룬㵱Ϊɣ
Ϊ˻ȥҽڻشȥ꣬ϡǵãּģ·ɳ˵츳ҪߣڼҲ˷ʳͬ뿪ʦǰҸĸһƷʯһ·õķȴԵ
һķҽȷñȽǰл˵ǰһ£Щϸȴǵһ⡣лʵƷʯ
ǷˣҲܲסƣ˵ǡҽǼһЩϣʿɱںаԵö࣬˵Ӳùڣ˾˷˼˵ɽ·˺ʿӵĳȴǰˡţЩѵ㲻֪
һ治֪л룬Ц䲻ӷˣǰҲ̫Ϊ˿ǣϾǡ¶û˵磬淲ˡ
л쳤Ĺ¶þеģʶʼͱңӼ˻ȥ֪
Ȼ಻Ϊ˷Ͳ̫ࡣлػһת¶ǺǻЩӰ춼󡣡
أҽ
ⲻǴȥ𣿡лЦЦ
˵˵û뿪þ˼ƺҪһ𸴡
ҽǸĴҪλشлЩ棬û̫֪ˡĳһ̣þȻʼضɽҡʢþͬľˮһ㿪ʼ߽⣬δȴص
лصͷ̯ģһŹԽԽСһ¡
ˣ߰ɡ֣ȥһ׷ȣȻһɽ


72 
ûܳɹʿԼɹʿµմȾǸʥĵط, еСײ
лءҲûʸ񿿽, ǰɽؽ֮, ˴Ѳи, ټָܹ׾٣ҽ嶼ûü·
˺ܿɽС
˴˵, ҽĲϤ, Ǹرϰסˡ
ʸ׷ȡ׷䡹ǰȴҲֻԼʦôһ, лȴ·ǧϰٻ, , һԲǰ·
ôо㳣ӣҽ岻档ʼ䷴ʡԼʦǲǹڲТ˵㡣
ʦǸ˱в̫дڸеƷ壬ȴܺ, ֻҽһΪ㻵, ˵ʦΪ˻, Ҳÿһֱûʲôɡġ
ǸԣҲ˵ʦ͹ȥˡ
һ룬ô㡭ѹ
ˣԭ뿪͹ȥûʲôͬʦԼҲûʲôͬ
þˣִ֪δٵķڡ
ҽڸпǰͷл˵˾䣺Σʦһ͹ģǽ޳ˣ˷ѣܹȡ
ҽ壺
ҽ壺㿼ǹĸ𣿡
˶ûˣŽɶлЦʱ룬Ҫʦ彣޳飬ʦǽޣӦҲ˵İɣ
ǺأҽŻ䡣˵޳ǵĶҲϡӦûΪŵģʵڲǵңߺڻֶ
ûȻˡлض˶٣ûҵ

ҽһʶԼûʱͲˣΪʲô·ˣ
ôܣлصǲˡ
ǡᰡҽ벻ףطûܽڡ˭͵
ңӲǽޣ彣ǺöûƷ˵
˵൱ڱţЩǸշ⣬ûͽ
ĪͽǱУ
лرյӶˣˣڳͽԼûģҺѰأط̶
ҽ壺ʲô
û˵䣬˵˵طлͣ˵Ҳмǧʷˣɽ类ǰġƷ㿴𣿡
ûУΪЩûзӣɽտյֻһЩɫĶɢš
ҽһƬָ˴꣬ǺзַʽƬ
Ӧ޵µģЩ·õʬǾһЩлҲˣ͵ҲһһЩⶫ㶼
⻰ýͷҽ彫õĲƬ£ô˵˴ǺΣգ
Ҳɽա
лȴҡҡͷˣɽʵܰȫô˵ˡ
֪Сһ˵
ҽͷɽһΪֻǸ˵
ûνġֻЩΪڴرľǳЩǳġģνġ
ǰлظոڷǰ
ţ
ɫͻ䣬лЦˣǲˡʵɽĴӦģɽȣһڡ
ҽ㶣ȣԣ
ҵǣǵͷʽķ̬Ҳաһһﵽѭƽ⣬Ӧǵе߼һ֡Ի޺ǵֻ㿴Χء
һɽȲء
෴ΪŻԣֲʢǰЩ
лɽȦڲȵ㣬ĳһͣ£Ƭ̣ľͶһ
ҽһθܵе
ȻлؽǿŹ񡹽
һ֡
졢桢
ⶫҽĬעһС
ֱлվϵĳˣ߰ɡ

뿪ʱ˶û˵
£Щ˵ڣл뿪þ󣬻˵
Ϊ桸һ
ҽƽȻҪɣлش·ңµ˽˼Ķһɽ
ҽ帺Դ̫⣺Ϊʲô㲻ƽȻֱ˵Լݣ
Ҽ仹ûȫлش˴ԼԿǣЩ»˵һ֪Ҳá
ҽΪ΢ҵ֪ŵùҡ
лЦеأⲻһֹ˵Ľô
ҽ嶢лؿһͷת˻ȥǰҾ˵㡣
ţ
ǰ˭һƣƢǺãоЩ
ڸӵ
仰ҽû˵ܾõ˹ġ
л̫ˣһֱѵķʽദֻʵ˵
лЦЦû׷ʣƺ֪ҽҪ˵ʲô

ȥʱлضԻ죬ϾҽΪߡ֣ҽ岻ݾߣڳţ˭лȴֱӽ˳ǡ
ȥҺʦ֮ǰס޵ĵطл˵
ҽ壺㲻˵е²⣿
Ҫȷһ¡
ҽһѰ˼ôҲͬ⡣
ǰصװһԼܡݱϳ鷳лЦ˰죺Ϣ⿿˭ʶ㰡
ҵҲǺܳĺ𣿡
ôԼû¹ɽ˰
ҽ岻а˭Ͻ˳Ƿ֣˴ӭʿĶ࣬ռһ룬⿴Ϣ豹Ĵʿͷ˲𲻴󣬻ûʲôע
㶰Σҡͷ̫ˣ˱ûô١
԰ɣлЦе̤ջ̫Ҳĵġ
СҪ֮ǰסǼͷȴ֪пסǼΣֻҪ˸ڵķ䣬СǷճ̸ǡ
ССӦţԥſˣֻҪһ䣿
šл治ɫ
ҽ̫ûɽװŶõҩ԰ӣֱݲŷӦСζǸʲô˼ʱûðɣȥ
ȴл˻ˡ
Ҹûֹϵҽӡ
Ҳû뷨лذָָӣҹֲϢһΧ̸ĵطˣα˵ĿЩ˵ʲô
ʲôģɣһΪΪڣ²ʺҡҽһڡ
лػ˼һ£ӦҲûôӣ
ҽһۣڲС
϶ѿ࣬תʵӽȥҹ
ǵǣջʿָǼҹҲ˯Ǳ벻ǲУ鷳лҡͷǰסʱ֣شĽڣȥĶ㣬һ㲻ųµģġҴǷʽʯ޽ǵ£Ǹڻû뿪뷨ӽȥ̽顣
л˵
練Ӧô=_=


73 
лغܿү, Լڿջ档
һʱڵķһͷ
ҽͷһؼүٴˢ˶л罻֪
˵ǰ͡ôͶһ̥, ǲŮʿ˶ܽѵģ
ͻˣүΪ,˵ǸҴ, ҹ￪ʼλǣ˵Ļ֮ǰȳҽ忴һۡ
еǰлص
һ仰˵治ɫ·Լʧ֮Уҽ̲סƳһۡ
ǰҲûҪ̨
ƾո֣, ʵڿɶ
ү, Ը˵̫ˡҼٽ˼, 㵽ʱȥĽʯ޽, ǰȥţﲻ׵Ȼǰ, Ӧòô鷳ˣ
㻹򣿡ҽ˾仰
ˡлشһ, ֿүʲôʱ͵ţҲô
, ˡүڰ,ЩӴСҹпö, Ϊ˵Դַˣ¶̫, ûڼǴд˼ܵŸ, ǰʹ, ǽûյĴ𸴣һô٣ͻˡ
Щ߰¶ǰڣүû˵з˵֮ѣҽжţһֵָҡ
үȻ֪ʲô˼ܶԼ츳ƽƽ֪Աһϣֵ˹ȥ
ҽϣ˳̽̽ҡҡͷϧ
үڨЦһ֣ʱżеĹû޳ûǸԵġ
˵ϧֻǸӵִ𵤣ȥˣҽĪתͷл˵Щң߹ʺ˳˸ʿȴĹãӵܡ
ӵܣ
лأע󡣡
úһŴܣ˵ʲôʺ
ô˵ҿˣүǸڴˣ˫Ȼŷ⣬ԭһֿǸ´־òʵ
Ȼʦô˵ǾӦûлزԼϷıʣû̽飬Ťͷҽ壬ʦ壬кõĹô˵Ҳѣǲ˳ְһѡ
ҽ壺βǡ
װͦ
ͽ׵ĹչһЩѾãѸߣ˷ѣЩʱһѰʵ㡣ҽתͷ
ү۾ԲˣʱҪݣʦ
ҽ䣬סûͷȥɱҲӣŵİʦأţȴ׮ˣһȦ顣
лظ򵥵ؽһ¡³֡¶ʱȥԡ
˵ŵ߶꣬үѽԼ޷ɵʵȻõᣬҲȥлصǴСвӦġ
ڴ˰뱲ӵԸӾҸȼ˾˼ѪһԼʱĥļٽݵİ취ϸϸ˵һ顣
صĺбصĹأһٵݣת֣󽫶ȫŪԼҪ׷ٲû첻¡ԼлػãҽȴԽԽϡ棬ү񶼲һˡ
㻹ͦ˵
ү˼ͷֵǰһ䡣
˵ģҽЩ£ҲΪܰɵġ
Ϊ㲻ô鷳үЦתô֣ΪлСֵͬеλǰ뿪
˵ȥ
ү֪Լ˵ʲôһʱЩãȻҽ尲䣬Լټʱ䣬Ȼȥ
ȷºϣ˳ڲһֹŵĽ磬лض档
㻹׼
ǰ㣬ʧٶһܶˣ˵ʱϵԽԽֹۡ
ҽ岻ɻ
лرһ仰лݸ֪˼ʦʧȻżһħԨܷܲŲܣ
Щ䣬ȻµĽǶȣüһԼߵġ
ʵҲôáҽĬƬ̣
Ϊ˫Ҫ޶شѶʵеߡ
лΪٵ΢ҲǸʿȻʱʲôû˵ֻԼߵġ
Լ뿪ȴòأҪôǱסˣҪô뿪Ķûõ֡
ǰ߻Ǻߣҽ嶼ֹ̫ۡ
ҪԼߵģдҾöйءл˵̲סЦһ£һӦòΣա
˼ǡˣĿ㣿
Ҳǣл»ΣգһԸһա
лءšһ˶٣Ҳˡ

ڿջһҹڶգŵÿ͹Ȼ뿪ҪǼ䷿̽飬ûзʩĺۼ
²ⱻ֤ʵˣȴøΪ⡣
֮ǰĺҲѾ˿ʱΣģʱֻв֮ᡣ
лʯһδʯҹҽ˳ǡ
¢ʯɵĴͨרھߡ
ʲôûУʯ޽Ҫʯлѡʹҽ
˵طŵ֪Ǹʲôҽ壺
Ҳ֪þ̾ȻҵôḻǸþ̾Ȼôյʹҡҽ˵
ҲͰ벽ӤΪʯֻҴӦʯģ׬Ǯֱ𣿡лؽ͵һ£׮˽ᣬǻȥооھ򹤾ߣͲҪôˡ
ʱֱƽȻھǣǼʯۿزܾݹ
л̾˿ʦŵʱ򣬿ǴӲʯġ
ǵı̫ˡ
˵˵ҽ廹ǺЧʵģ¶ǰʱԼĪʮƷʯ
ʯɫðпһ䣬ôҵƷôõĿģҼǵǰЩЩŶ˵ʯҪ
лأȷʵǲˣûڼ𣿡
˭û֣ҽ
Ϊϡ٣ʿʯվûЩϡͨ˺Ϊ
ô츳֮ӡ
ȵȣ˼ǣʯ٣ϡйأҽͻȻع
Ȼл죬˵ʲôջû˵ģȵħͬͣڣȰѽʯ޽Ǹ㶨

ҽڣʯ޽ǲ¡
ʵϣԭ뷨ֱɣлʼΪĹأȻŪʯûҪ˼ô˵ס
үͲúٵݣҽʵףᵱ죬ʯ޽оյرС
лغҽ廹Ҫ죬ү뿪ҽԼĴз˰ޣҳһʵĹүϰȰ֮ٵŲμ
ʱлعģûͣҽס
˼ǰ˽¡
Ǳʶڶл½äĿΣҽûжʡһ·ӡ
ӵؽ磬ͱȣħԨʱոǳֳĳֳȺ֮ɫէһʮֹ졣
ҽѾܾû״üҼǵõɽħʱħԨĻôӡ
һ⣬ֱݲĺϷڴ֮£Ҫͻơ
Ѿ˲ơ
ӦǴģħĻͺܶӡл̾˿ʵΪ˲ħĶӻӰɽ磬ħԨҪϵģħһͬ⣬ʵǲЩʼվãħҲֻͨʿѣֻǵʽϡҪ󡣡
Ͳ޳ңӽħԨֱӡֻʱû뵽Ľ
ֻңӲʱԼħš
˵Ų̫ңʱҲֻЩˡ
ʱұȥΪһĻᣬýԼиʱ˼νԽС磬ȷ֮ϲʦã֪С粢ûֶˣδرʿҪ
ΪŴڣӡѳѷ죬лػŴͨķͰؽͨ·򿪡
ħԨ֮²֪ʱѱɫɷռݣͨ·һɷɢݣҽۼֿɢлһͬħԨ
ͨ·ܿͱǴˡ
ͷβǸԡħԨ£л˵ʱڵö࣬һ£٣𽥷֡
Ļ;ͣƬ̣Ǹû˵Ĵʣҽˡ

ԭлһֱܺú˵ԭ


74 
תĹ, ķһֶ壬ĳʵĴ, ڵ, ȴģ־, ʶԼĴʱһ֮෴ĴڣҲͬˡ
еϵ޷лؿʼɡ±ʼѾˡ
ģʿ׷޷ƿ, ǸֲͬĴڰѿš
ԡ˻ԣ
ħԨ֮խͨ·֪ʱɷ, һ, ǰͨ·, һ˵Żʧ·޾ĺڰС
ҽʣлرʶҡͷ, ܿʶһߵĶѲܿĶ, 𣺡˵ûϵҸڲǡʱʿ籾Ǻܷϡѭ, Ӧ֪ѭжҪ
ܹѭķʡʡ, ܹѭĹ°빦, ·˵һѰҺѭĵ·
ҵ뷨,ԭһֺ͡Ƶͬ, ֵֻ, ǰ˷ȴȻڼ٣ȥ߱˵ˡ
ҽȻѭˡ
ţһʼԭ򡣡ȻĲһڣڴзԼǺˡ
˼ǣĿǸһĴڡҽšüħԨƶħĴӪûϵôΪʲôΪ㣿ΪʲôҪ㣿
ΪþģлЦһ£ǸڲȻܹѿ棬ôָָ֡ܣʺĵطɽ̫˲𣿡
š˵ҽͬ𣬡ҵһоħΪʲôִҪȥɽˡ
˺ɷûӣ˺ܿ쿪ٳһͨ·ûɷĵطôڣҲãԽǰ¶ȾԽߡ
˵ħԨӡɣ÷ôħԨ֮¾Ϳˡ
ָȵĻʺҽΪҲҪֳһС£һͽʿؾ綼пֹǰ
ڷӡûȫѣ类ȫֿǸڻܲ﷢£ôֱۡϾĴӪǻҪСġ
Ȼ˵Ҿú֣Ȼ²ǸڰΪʲôԼ
ǱϾǼٵģסʦܲҪĿңҵĿġΪþе־
ҽһ˲侪ȣ۾ٿصԲˣܿ죬ָֻƽı飺Ǹǡ
Ӧ˵һ֣ںҽȥӦָЩл˵ô˵ⶼǷֵܹս
α򡹱ǰǿʿҲǷˡ
һʼͲ㿿Լҽĸʿ⡣þеαеġ֮ӡ
ҲǷˣǸȱ֪öһķˣԿףǸλᣬڵ¡
𶼳ˣǸڶǵȤήͣҲȡʱ䡣
⣿˵Ϊʿҽ嵱Ȼϣܡ
Ҫץʱ䡣л˵ħǸĵطҼǵһʱԼоһصû´һ޴ĵڣһܰﵽǵĶ֪Ҳ𣿡
Ȼ֪ΪûܹȡеΪãҽ岢û뵽һ㡣
˼ǣ룬ǹ
ţ԰ﵽ
֮󣬾ʽħؽˣɷǰͨҪٺܶ࣬Ȼܶӡ
ĿһƬɫߴġɽҲӰӣڻҺɫ
͡ҽһЩ̽û𣿡
ǰ˾Ͳ࣬ڿˡлظͣħΧ˵ħ޺ǲûʲô𣬵ҵ˲ŻһЩץ·ɡ
ħϡʹ÷ҪǵĲǻ᲻ᱻħ޷֣á
ҽΪ
ڱսԷһĿǣҽûлԼ彣лһͬǰС
һӺ󣬶ڼһǣԶԶȥȻŴ󳨣Χȴû̵ӡ
ȷˣҽԶƬ̣ʵ
֣ҼǵôǰʱħܻġлҲеɻ󣬡ôŸһ
ʲôʱģ
ǡл¡ʱ
Ƕǰˡ
ҽеԶԶųеķ򣬻ҺɫĳǽƣߴǻްġźΪһ壬ǽһƬݲأֱڵĽмԼӲݡ
һƬš
̫Ծľʲô˲δųʶԼоһɲϢǱȥ
һ̨ȼǸ̨ȼʱⷶΧܹټϢ
ⶫܷôлض̨շΧһ䡣
ҽ壺⵹ǲܡ
ǻǵ磬лһ˵һһֽٵػ˷һžҽ÷ĻŶȥ
ſţҽҲδڳΧо쳣
СĵǺõģ˭֪﷢ʲôл˵ţҽǽƶħ޳ͨܶС·ȥұڡ
лؽ͹ҽףħ޲ͨʿ˴֮ദǢǵĹڽɱԵβ룬ʱֳб֮ױȾ
ħҪôѡѪĹ˽ҪôǱʴ˷衣
֮ħʱʱħ޺ޡħħ໥鷢ڶԱ˴˼ĲΣħ޲ϲԤĳţ辶ŷڳšڵصưɹ
л֮̾ǰħʱķʱջеķѰңҲ汻ҵ˼š
ЩʧޣǱѲߵسԱֺ£õĲ࣬©֮㡣
÷ȷϹȫ֮лҵһߵͨ·ҽ˳

У֮˷
̺Ľϣһбͷ۾ŨܵĺɫһֱɢϣǰɪɪӰ
شѾһˣӦûˡ
ӦáϵӰ˹۾¶һ˫ɫͫ˼㲢ȷ
ƽȴйŵ˺µſ˵ϣ󡢴쵽죬Ѿˣֻسţԡ
һ
̺ϣžƺԼŵ
˼ǣ»ң
󡢴СĲңˡۡͷ
ңǲ֡޺ĺ촽һЦһ£ٿ֣סͷ˵Ĳӣɫͫһ⡣
ʱҪ˱а˫ͫױΪڡ
󡣡ؿһۣӸұ߹ŵˣˣǺúЪЪסˣҷԸĲһҪúð죬Ȼһ
ǡǡұ˽סµǰͬ壬§뱧ؽϳ˴
վһһתĺȥ

Ǹǡˣ
ӸղſʼҽлؾĶڴ䡣
Ҳûҵħ޵Ӱǿ˲ѲԱڰҰҿôûҪҵĶ
л֪ħ磬ҲΪֻмµ޲ŻħǣͷС
ȻѲԱȴһ⣬ȫһǣǹɳҲڲסƫƫڳʱ㶼ûǲ
Ρ
ֻС㱨ʱлضĸ˽
ҽԺʺԼ죬Լڼ޿ײĻеʣüղֻô
û˵𣿡лؿһۣħ޳СġʱɽʿҪЩޡϣ㲻ǵĵ¸⡣
ҽ¶˸ı飺ܸɳ¡
ȻǲˡҲŶռеΪе죬޲ԸΪʵ㣬ǡǡΪǵ˼º𡣡л˵˵ħʲô
ˣҽ御޵ĵطȥ롣
Ǿòô鷳ˡл˵ߣȥǰ֮ǰҵħ޲ĶˡǱ߿ˣ㲻ǳԲ𣿡
ףҽ¶ʹı飬ʱ򿴵˶ĲʵĶȴ̲סȥʹ࡭
ţŰǿ֢ѡһʣлһѣˣʦܵģﵢʱ䡣Ӻˣ㽫˽ᡣ
˼ǡ
ûһָʹߣô˲񣿡л̾˿ô˵ħ޵Ҳ޶಻𣿡
ħˣ˾ͻиָ뷨Զ˼άԵ޺ù
޳ģǸ㹻ǿĴڡ
ǵĵˣָʹߣлز롣


75 
ܹܶԼټ, ص޶üֱҪѵδŶס, ˵˺һ, ҵһʺϻļ϶
һΣŵһȳζ
ݺύʯ·ˮָɲͬ˱Ը״̶ŵġŵġεġЩڰգЩˮܺڣֻλõȼһؾĴǲʹİС
̨ûںڰ, ԼһѪζѪҺͻĳζ, ռ䡣
޷ɢڸ, иص, ҲиѰֺѪģħ˿ܣ϶һϸĶ, һֱ쵽ˮС
Ȼ, Ҳܲǡˮء
ʲôҽ𾪵Ըӣͨʶлشڳħ޵Ѫ
ѪҺ, СлصɨһȦ, 䵽Ψһŵľ,
Ǹ׼ƽ̨̨Ÿ氼͹ƽľͷ, ԭľɫ÷ڷ, ͸¶Ź, ϷŻ絹Ǻö˶˵صţľ֮⣬û֡
ȻҲֻǿ
ڶ˵ĸоУʲô˷ӿǸεҽлȷϣҪʶ̽һ̽𣿡
Ѿ̽ˡﲻϤҪлҡͷŶ֪ʲô
ʶΪˣ
ûбķ
طҲʯģ࣬ʮѪسȡħڵעزиڷȡЩѪ͸Ļ˱ȾʯҲʴ
лǷƽ̨ɫѿǰ˵ģٴʣЩȡħ޲ãҲܱô̵ضԴ
ҽȻһļ磺ι
ĥħޣӦΪħеĸģǿŤлض˶񣬡û´ĵص㲻ֹһŵģӦĳ󷨵Ľڵ㣬ǲ֪Ϊ˲󡣵֮ӦòҪġ
ǡƻҽ룬ǸѶԸɱǵ죬Ⱥ޲һɢɳֻҲ֤ƻµĶ
л˵ƻ
ôޡȷ
š
ðɡлƶҽ岢Ǫ̇̄лʰǸĵ
ɱǸ֮ӦûᱻǱȥҾͶ֡лصͷ˿е̨źš
СҪһȦ𣿡
šɣڳϡ
۶ҽԼʩ˸ԭ·˳ȥ
л˲أԭ
Щħ޻ʹ࣬ǻţȴѾԶлܹоڵݽߣֳȡǲģЩѾûˡ
ǳ̡˵пᡣ
仰ݹǰƽȡᷨ⿪ġ
αȴǵʮ飬Ƕ˵һЩ
̵úܡ
ҪҪħմȾѪΪĶô
лز̫ʲôȴǵöݽӴʱԷ¶Ķ⡣ǵúܾǰ޺ħżĦˮˮгعħ磬ԹΪʳ
ʶǿȴ̲ԣֻҪħ޲磬һҲԼʲôǣôƳǿʳûһвȣ
ħĵزʲô
л˼š
ֱ洫һæĥħ޵Ƿһ㣬׷ֹͣеĶдšȥʱڶˡ
Ӱƽ̨ǰסǴ͸¶Ųȣϵʼ⡣
ء
ԶһƵĵ죬ͬز㴵˺Žǣлص·ǸײţɢನɢȥѪ𶯣ܴħް
Ⱦȡǡ
ƻǸҡ
ִ˶ȥһȥ״ҪⷽСƽ̨лؿҲӴеǸΡ

ӿĺϰգˤ䣬ͷ޵ûȥЩޱϾָʹڲף״㵨ˣһʱԥûҿ
Ҳˣĳƽ̨ΧγĳϣҲ޷롣
ײؿʼ
лڽȰ˳
ԴһϣȻϨ𣬵һʱڰڰ赲лصߣӲ֪ʱȾЩɫȰγ֮ԼܹһԵعעǸضУֱزĴڡ
䣡
ˣҪˣ
ȥ
ܣ
䣡

ʱһȦҽһʯҵǶлء
лɫ԰ףͷţ״̫áҽǰ£㻹ðɣ
л̧ͷ
ҽ屻һ۾ôˣ
ţлضԴ֪޾۾ô𣿡
ɡɫˡҽ岻֪ô̧ʩ˸ˮԼ
лգգۡ
Ⱦ˵ɫӲӣǶȥĽ۲飬Ǵ˷ǳͫ
֪ʹùˡлطžʯվ޶ˣ
ţɱǸʹһúܡҲȫûܵ
ûϵġлЦЦƻǸڵĶˣ㡣ڸþӦöˣǵÿ·
ȥĶ
Ҳ˵ˣĵصӦòֹһħв࣬ĳܹǡܺСǲĻһ⼸ڶӦĳڣǵáһһƻ
ǣҽʣȷ
ħôģ󷨷ӡĶ޷ǾǼһסʦܵأлؿһۡ
ҽ壺
Ȼҳǿ˵סӦáҪô棿
ȷʵҪ
صסҪ棬˳أ
ħǸԭĵ̣ʲô棿лط
ȥαйһսޱض㵽þһֱлضȱʧһ֡
ϻħʱȷֹЩþƵϢ⣬ħвɽûе飬ԾҳΪڵ֤㣬ǸҪŤڰαӦ
ңлֵһһֵԪħ磬ҵһȻ
ƻǸزµоҪԪˣڹǺҽ˵⼸仰Ҫ֧Ųס
лػ¡
ҽŷִǿ֮ĩæסɽ·
ԳƽǲԪһи¿Բһҽ޿޲ɣǺܼΪǱʶ¡

ȷû¡
ʱ˿̣ںڰУĿ
ǰһʽԽΪģĵϱһɫȦȦ⣬ҰɫӰȥеԼ£еԾԾԣͼ˵
һŲЩ⣬ʽȻƣΪΡķȻֲ˶á
ڵȡ
ƬռǱŵǸѹ


76 
лرں󷽱Ŀ񣬴ʱ۾ôͣˣ
ҽ̧̧°ͣˡ
лؿȥ, ֻԶĵƽһƬɳʯ, зɵನ, ԶӰ쵹ûУܸоżҵĳͻ
Ԫڳ𣿡ҽͷڳǵ÷Щܻȥ㲻ٽЪˡ
ǣڳ⡣лҡҡͷ,ܿ뿴
ǲ, ҽ彫Ǹٵ̨ڶǰ, ǰ
, ܿͷ״һ˵֣ǵƺħޣ
߽Ѿ, ƽʱ׷ֱ, ʩʱΪٻǻ¶ʱ˿̣ǽצʩķޡлص޶ħ޵ĳк, һħ޲߻˷ˡ
޿ж·, ǵҪԴˡ
ȥҵԪɡл˵,Ǿ죬Щħ޳Ųס
š
лµǸеһһ, ֮Բڳ, ΪòضӦѡ۵ĵط, ⱻĳЩע⵽֮ûҸҰѡһǸħĵؽ䶯̫󣬶ԤԼҪϰһ˵õê㡣
лԪĵطҽ忴δЩˡ
һţŶµӰи۵ӡǡлĨȥӡʱҽŷǸӡķ
㻭ģҽûַǵлԼĵġϲôɡ
ţҵӡ棬ñ˭ˡлʣܻ˼˸СĽ磬ͼݸһ󡣡
˵꣬ӡеĶȡ˳
һݡ
л½ԼԪӡ档
·;ϣʿҡĵһݣĵĲϡ
ؼǡҽͻȻһ·ƺûħ翴ʲôֲƬطġݲ
ӡԼԪէһ㣬ϸƷ֮¾Ȼͦ壬֡лʽķ
ҽĬĬԪںϡ
ǸΪʹḶ́лһûԡ
лۣҽݸһõʽӭ
ôȥˣϱ仯ܴ󡣡лؿǱ޶µĳЦˣЩû䣬ο
Ҳ˱ˡҽ̯֣ӦòµõûǮһֱġ
ԭַ졢ɷĳֻŵãڵг֮ѰҺʵϸԼ֮彣ҲûǮˡ
˵ʵڵģټȥⶫóδ֪
Ͼŵˣɽ¶ֵģ¶ͦ򵥴ֱġ
ѽ
ȥ׬¡лЦЦʯȥ׬ȥڣӲͿˣյӵĹҲøĸˡ
ҽסµĹ㶼Ҹģ
ʲôҵģΪʲôеӻҪƬӵɫлطҪ֪³ֵķӡΪػɽΪػþ
ҽ壺
ǵһ˵
ܳɹԺҲôܷʿģǲ׷ˡл˵ǲܵģǹһʿҲ޵һ죬ҲӦı˲ǣ
ȥƽȻƽȻǸسţ仰˵ǹؾɣҽʱ̰ϹŶͷһЩµĶԴǱܿ
ҲУȴ׮ˣȥͬ˵лصǲ¡
νͦ뷨ģЩ꣬ԪԽСľ˵˷ѣ˵Щûɵ磬²Żи˼
Ĩȥ˽ĺۼҽһԭ·ء⣬ħ֮ںսħ޵ĹƱľ·Ĺѹţ˶˵ļ룬ս˲ϢŤתһ˺ܿ칥ڡ
ͬտյȺħΪԼѶĿȷһǱֱлغҽĿƻǸȡʽȻͬС
ΪǵĳѪʽѾ㹻ңʲôǸеԾ
ȻȺħ޴ʱ򣬶𾪵ط֣ﾹȻѺŲʿ
ɽʿ
ħԨӡлƿصĲоô᣿
ħԨӡû飬а취ģֻ֪ⷨģмΪǿоӡű任ɵʿôҲЩĥʧȥεġѪʿܽġ
Щ˵Ϊܸߡ
ɽڹҽ巴Ӧܿ죬˵
¡¡
δ䣬ͻȻһ졣ڻ๥ħ޺Ϳͣ𣬳ķȥ
ˣǵδţűˣ
ʯһ޹Ϸǰħ޵ˣܵű߿ģ쿪Űе棡
ʯź޶
ô£ôҲͨ
᲻ǵİɣ
̿벻ڵлСֹαռصؼӹ̹ʯһأ˲ѷɡ
ҽƮȥ˿ʯƵ컨壬ܿ¡
лأô
ҽҡͷˮʯ˷棬ҲƲ
ȷˮʯ
š
лԼҲƮȥȷ²ʣʱɫء
ҽ岻ףô
ħûˮʯлؿһۣⶫɽ絽УֻŨ֮ˮʯܳܵ˹뷨ĳΪĴڣõˮʯڶԭΧ̫࣬ˡþ֡
ҽ忴
ҾҴŲµôˡлض˶٣˵ޡԭͱɽ硣
ҽ壺
ҽ壺
չҽ֪̫Ϊʲô˶ԭˮʯӹлȷǷ޸ɵġ
ȷǺصҽе࣬㲻ϲӦҲֶԲϲ˴ԵƢ
ȳȥ˿֪ˣڵĻлǸȡƽ̨Ƚƻ˵
⣬ͣ½ŲʦܵħǱġ
˵ʮָгж̡
κ˶ƣҲرĲµˡ
ʦС
޵Ϊô޽١
лһһƽͶһˮʯűպ϶ʱսħ´޻ǵԼʹлͼǸƽ̨ļǵҪȥֹ۵ħް·סսһš
лڿƽ̨編ƣȥǸľȡ
ڴʱʶ
Ǳͷش£һĵߴ죺ΪԼ𣿡
лһ
ʲôҲ
ȲκˣȲʦʦܣһֻؿȥ
ġ

ãĽ壡лҽ󺧡ʿԣħǵôûûε֮¶ˣοлزŸںԪ
˵겻˵лйħ񡭡˭֪أ
лûҽ庰֡
Ǹĵһ룬˱ۣסȣʹΡ
ħҾͿȥˡлص۵ֿʼ˸⣬ޣ㲻ΪԼ˽Ұɣ


77 
Ƿ޿ʯŽ
лȷʵû뵽ǹɲ󷨳ġ谭Ķ·
һֻε֣ޱߺڰסȡлؼӴȴǹɵֿԽԽǿɵøе
, һҲܲǸ˵,ǡ㡭
лض˶, ɫһ, ܿͱۣٴμӴ
زʵʴڵģΨȻ, ֮, л֪Ψʯ顢ˮһȻ֪ܴС
һ˵ķܴľ޵, ޲ʯ, лزҪһ㡣
ǡ
, 㻹𣿡
л侲ؿǴ·ӿֵĺƽʡ
ٿʧ
лصһ, ûȵӦ, Է氮ţǼԻ·, ֲһ䣺û㣬Ҳָ㣬㲻Ҫ롣Ҿǵʣ㡭𣿡
Ӧ
һ˲䣬лظоǼžģΧħ޺޻ڴܡ
Ȼܿ죬ͷһ״ļС
Ϊ˭Ϊ˭
ԺŤø˭˵лܸоЩͼȾʶؼӴ˹ע
ʵϣոһȱʧԪӦúúôϢֽԼͿյĹעʮ
ڵѾݲ˼ΣΨһͷǾЩ
ֱһȾᷢ¡
Ϊлʼճһ
ħ£ÿĶֻͬܿЩȻƵĿҡڳġȡħҲʿҲշ׷׷ʹĺУҽ岻֪ιʣб䣬ļٵعϣȴ˻
ֻؿţֱ϶ײڽռײһѷ졣
һ۵֮ʯȫ˺ڰ

лˤһƬڰС
ط֣ܼȺֻܵͣܿԼΧһСȦءǻҰɫģΧŨĺ
ܸоƮĶĳۺ塣
лüźҡ

ԼͺƬռˡ
ѹ˰
л룬ϵĴӣȻûܴ򿪡
ƬռһϵʶҲŲȥл㶣۵һ˿
ҵĵط
Ƿӡ󳣼ʡ
µû
лŸֱǰߡ
еĻζֲȣѡܼĵطȥƬռУܸоʱģģȷԼ˶ãһ仯
ںЩײսĺۼ
лҪˣǱ߿ٿһɫĽֱֱлͫһʶνԾһ̳
һģһĽײһ
ơ
ԷѿڶȻлغܿʶȥ
ˣδֹͣԼĽǼǰ̣лزòãڶʱڽʮغϡлԪոںϣҲǽޣ֪ϲ˶ãͬȽֻñߴˡҪͬ˵ȴԷ¶ɻ飬ͣ˶
ȥƺϳˡ
лظŷ½Щˣ룬ų
ὣ¡
̬䱸˫ĿǱħӰȫڣ̫顣
Ҳûٹֻǲϣлؿѡ
Ϊʲô
лزףǳ
ôܵԭ
Щʶеġζ壬ͻȻ״һҰɫĻζӰлظе졣ϸۣɵһ㶡
ǾȻԼģ
ԣӦ˵ǡл¡ģ
лظմԽʱԼòȫһ£Ԫȫµġ
ЩӰһԭģ˵ǰл¡
һ·Ҳ졣
лµ·ʽ࣬иʽӷ֮⣬ֻмûʲôƵɫЩӰģл¡
ͼԡ
л죺Ҳǡ
ϧЩȥ
ͺܽ˱ƣл´Ȼ˸ϱִѧġͶ־߹ȥ˼лһץס첲дһ֡
һ֡
ŴѪĹȥɽܻ٣ȴңֻѧһ£ǡƽľ
Ȼˡ
һֱлдһֱšЩ
ͷлдˡ޷֡
ô޷أ
лؿ쳣˫ۣĵħӰء
Ը˵дռж
лػع񣺡һȥ
ڴ˵شþˣѸ֪ǸڵķλǱΧЩӰӰ񣬶ϲܵڻ
ʹЩӰӶǼٵģ׷۶ٴζֻʦԸȻ޷ԴлĶʹɱ֡
οħҡ
Ϊ˱ƽʼץлص֡
лصûЩ˼ɣЩӰӡɾϧЩ屻ɢ˶þͻᣬɢĶ˷ֻǰһۿĲ֣Զı㲻ˡ
ʵ˵ͬһռģдĲлز롣
ʵҲȷʵˣڸоǹͬӤǳʱ֪Լ¶ˡ
Ϲŷӡýȫһ㣬˺һ
һЧΨһġҵǸϢŨ֮ͣ£ͷлؿһۣơ
лطǰһץסдһ𡣡
üҡͷ㷨΢
һԪ񡣡лд֣΢΢ͣƬ̣ٴָ⣬Сƶ
ͫһ
Сƶ
ǰδΪЩӰʱʱ̿߶ȸϰǧĳƺ˿ľ
лز֪Щд¡һ𡹶֣ԼĽ
ŵʽϲãмΪȴûԼ彣⾭һһ䣬˾ͻһѣԵúܡ
лش赶ŪȻʲôޣƽջǷõࡣ
ͻȻǰԼлµʱһֱһʵĲϸͽϾǸޣûԼĽ̫񻰡
һϵڣôҪ£ֻŵƷ
ɼ֢ȡȻеź
һҲ֪ʲôνͷת˻ȥ𽣡
л֪顣
ûйͨ˲Լͬʹѧĵһ׽׽л죬ȥǳһϰ
ŶԣлһϸڣĸкЦʼ׽ҽġ
С£ңӺϲ͵ӸԼĴͽܡ
ƣ
Юŵϵͬһȥ˲ѣ߰ӡ
ͬʱѣ׹·
޴ġֻ˿ֵ̿ĳ̴أؽѵ顣
ݵʢ

ºлǰþеʶУǰƻ󷨵ڵ㣬ǻ׵뿪Ƭռ䡣
˵״̬ͲãʵЩˡ
ᡪ
ΪҪңлͷԥ£˵ʵǸڲҡ
þԴʶǸαΪ֮ӡĲдҲһ֣ô
Ҳ֪һۡ
лأ
Ϊ˵Щġ
Ҳ֪㣬֪û⣬ǸֻǱܡ
лأ
ȵȣ
ʲôʱ˵ûˣ
أУȴŲߣ̫ڣһħ磿
ûл죬ҽ塣
ʦأ
ˡлػع뻹ǶһĹϵ˵Ҿ̶ֳȵʦûʲôֻΪǸڡ·ָȻǶһѡʵԭҲûҪģʱû
û
û˵ڣȻʶԼ˵©죬ڰֱָ׵طм䡣
ʵеΣû̫ҪôǸ
лڨڨȥȴܿߣԹʹ˵Ҳб𣿸տʼŪԭֻħ޵ĹڿƺǽԼˡ֮ĴڡѾǴˡ
š˵лЩء᷽ޣҲӰΪꡣ
ƶϣα¹뿪ħĹƣʹӳȥˣҲ޷״磬ԸΪαļ˺ܶ¡
ҲΪϾһֱϣԼܳԽô׻ã
дۡ
ųܷΧĺڰı仯
㲻ͬҵáȻˣɱˡ
˵꣬Ͷлؿ
л·ԣǰɱ˷ޣ˵꣬ȴлֻ̾˿Ȼ˵ͷ
á
һ㶡
ħûո̫Ȳ¡л˵αӦòǵĶˣڵעӦûѰϣȥҽϡ
Ǵӵص׳ؾһֱ𶯣ڣɽѣͻӵħ磬ͬ˼
Ƭ̣Ҳû̫ԣá


78 
лطųһֻд˷ֽ, ȥѰʧɢҽ塣
һת, ڿ
лأ
ҽ峣õԦֽ,л¡Ȼǻģһѧӣһ
кܶû˵ĻҪ˵ڲǺʵʱһ齫׳·ĳѡ
леΡ
, ȴջ, ·ʲôҲûп
, ղҲá
߰ɡл˵
šӦһ, Էлﵽϡ
лر˵Լ־ûǸҪ, ûᡣ˱ܿʯ, ֽ׷ߵķС
˵лصռǰڵĳкԶȷԼû߹ô·ɼǰƬռʮֻҡ
Ȼ, ʱ˿, ħҵĵطֹһ, ʯлӴܵޣлǰͷ, Ŀ, Ҳûħ޵Ӱ
̫Ծ޴ħһ¼Եظ, ֵԭΪֻǼڵħޱڿƺֹˣ
ⱾǺص£꣬ȴƽȥ֪ˡҽɡ
һ㶼⣬лΪ棺Ƿʲô𣿡
û
㶼лأлصһòһ顣
ֳĬƬ̣ŷ·鲻Ըؿ˿ڣƬռڡǷųǸǿʱ£ʲôȥάǸӡ
֮⣬׼Ϊǿ
лػȻ
ұΪǺħ޹ᣬڿͬƺޡڱƶߡӦҵǸڰɡ˵΢ͣһ£ʱ
㵱ʱΪʲô뿪л׷ʵ
ʱ
뿪ջģǱ˵һֱ֪лµʧܵϸڣֱǸǿĴڻйأ֪壬Ȼȥˡ
лԤĲ࣬ǰ򾭹еɵ
αء
һˡл̾˿
ʱµĽȻƫ˸ŵĽǶȣл˻һ£˴Աһѡ
壡лػع񣬶ŴԳϤӰѿڶ㡪
û£뿪ҽвۿɼˣǱͷѵķɽϣ²ˡ
˴طøΪңոһʯͻأشŵ·ɽƫתлػͷ鿴ҽƣ䲻ɶˣǸƣͺǰվȥһ㡣
ոңлðһͷ
Ҹ˵ҽԴƣлص˼ǰ¼Ե˵˵ԭлʧʯ֮ԭɶ󷨽ڵͻȻ˼ΪǿƺҪڳ֮ɣҽΪʯڶ󷨣Զԣ˽ˣòվ֯ҹͬ󷨡
һʼԿǹܼ򵥣˵󷨲Ȼͼˣҽڳ˵㽫ڵƳʯҳȥƳ󷨽ڵ㷴ʯΨһĳڣҲͳƿʯҵĹؼ
Լлƶ˷ųɵģҲֱӵ˴ʱ˿ħĵضɽҡ
˼ǣЩҲһƳ˽ڵ㣿лע⵽ϸڣЩҲǺ롣
Ҳ룬벻ͨʲô޶Ķգвȣҽ޲˽⡣
Ҳɽ˵̬չΣҲΪʱϰԣνദôͶͬͬס
ϰԶһ
ܾǰֶµл»˽ޡ
лػ磬Ϲź仹֮佲һѪѹƣ޽ϰߵǱݻ񣬱ֳľǶľԳݡ
ǸΪϴ󡹵ԭ򣿡ҽ巴Ӧҵʱ֣ô徹ƽƽСߡ
ʲôϴ󡹣һֱĬȻʡ
ƻĵһڵ㡣лظһ£תͷҽȷʵˣֻҪΪߣͻܵ޵Ƴ硣ⷽ濴ǸѡΪԼǺеģΪܸԼĸӹ㹻ø׷ݡ
ȿϰ˶թˣ۵Ҫ򵥵öࡣ
ҽӳ֮޴һ棬ƻڵЩˣûսתͷˡ
ǣҲû׷һ뿪ˡ
ƺܻ֪ʲô˵ʵû뵽̫°ƺһƬһ𡭡Ҳпҿˡҽ˵̧ͷ㶣ôȥ̫⣿
ǸںֲûмʶܵķˣǸҪŵıȻϵл˵⻰ʱ򣬱е䵭֮ҪΪ֮ܲ˹ȡҪĴ۵ġ츳ѣֲԸŬЩΪǵô죬ٲЩа
Ƕµʱҽûлڰʱ֪Ǹ
лءšһһԽ˻֣ҡ
ҲǰһֱԸҽҡҡͷ֪Ϊʲô
⻰һѸٱ죬л㶣û֨
Ųµõԭ
֮ͼ˼·̵ظҽ˵Ƭڰռ﷢֮󣬵ּǲ岻֣ڵ㣬ǵþƳҲǾ¡
ȡħ޵϶ֹΪάַӡǷӡǧ꣬Ϊħ޵ȥǰƳڵʱлظܵһļµĶ⣬Բֹǡӡô򵥡
Ҳʴ˵ǡ
Ϊá
ԭǸαͬһԴ
ڵ㣬ҽ飬Ƿͷ£
ס

һ𣬶˶һۣѸٱ졣л̾˿ͬҽˣơ״ҲãԪں϶Ȼ⣬ֿǺ⡣˵һ뿪ˣҲǸϹȥտǼûƻĽڵˣʱ˭ǸϢ
аΪ塣
ȫʢʱڣҶȻֹȥлؿֱ׵ڣԲһɲԼġ
ʿ£Ҳ޷αֵȼ濹⡣
޷С桹ķαҪάλֻӶ֡
ڱ𴦣ƺΪ⡣
ĵһǰл֪һ㣬ɵ̾˿
Ӽʼ̾ܶأ̾鿴е㱯ˣ¼ǧˡ˵־û˼ŶңأЩţ١лͣ˺һ˵İΣԼ⣬ܻ˻ᵣĵġ
ҽ壺
ɿ̧ۣǳŲŲõס˵ߡ
ǰܲʦֵܶ˵ദէһϸƷл飬û뵽ȥתתͷһ

ǻתɣ㽫ڵƻٿûбܰæָָͷԽԽӰңʯ


79 
ĳֻʶҲתĳεĴڣδȫƻ, ȫ롣
, ر֮
֮̽, ȷһĿķλֱǰǰĳУҽ˵Ѿ˸ɾ
ڣǲûһޣҲΪص𶯺͵ħ޵ķ𷴿, Ǻ׵ҵ˽ڵλ, ҽڻ, лٵ
˵, ҽڣֲûȫָ֮, ʶֻлؿ
лؾͷ, һڵ֪Լ֮ĳף, , Ƴ󷨡
ͬ󷨡
лؼᶨԼĲ², αȥɽ֮󣬶ħӰô󽵵, ҪͬһԴע, ķ, Ϊ˷ӡ
αⲿںϣ˺ʲôֹαӦ֮ǰƻ
лػٵ˴Ľڵ˲δսһǡһͬңشƫԶħ޵Զޣһߵƣ˸ϵʱ޵İΧȦи˵ħͳͳǸȡĵΧֹۡ
˷ЩŽڵƻʱ𶯵ԽңվסˣħǻҺɫŤŲ顣
ƺо⣿ҽǳԶţ˸䣬каĶǸ򡣡
Ƴһķ򣺡ķ򡣡
ǴӶġ
ǣǽħķ򡣡лؽǻΪƻ󷨣ʵħ˴Ȧҽ忴ķλħڴǸӦ÷ı仯ˣǵʱ䲻ࡣ
̧ۣħԨӡܳŶã
Ų˶ãһлҡͷֹ籾ķ򣬷ӡֵֻܵһ¡
Ǿ;졣
ɽһֱڿƣ仰˵꣬ɽȻ٣λ˿͡㱻ӷɽ˦ȥ
ȻҲǺܿ͸ϵһط
ȻΧһǣԶԶһɫɳ©Ͻ񷣬´ܵĿ·ȾʱƤеʹ
ޣҽۼ⣬һۿڳϷյӰȻ
һ·ǶûˣȻάĽڵˡ
˵ǡά˵ۼ󷨱ƻɴһݣѡ˸ڵΪµ㡣˴޴󣬾ҲܸеһεͼԼЩ˺ѷεĺ֪Ӻδ
ὣ˹ȥ
ҽȥûסö½ţˣ
˺þˡлƶ˿һۣе㸴ӣȥɣȥġ
㡭׼һȥҽ棬лסЩȡЩаÿȫòĺΪѵһ˿Щҵĸоܲãȥ˾Ҫɡ
˵ˣǵʱ䣬ȡĻᡣڱЩסԺɽĺܶطл˵Ҳ֪Ǹڱһ档
ĳ˵޷սʤԼģҲˡ
ֻܳڶһЩˣЩˡ
ƶ֮ϣͷʹҽԼĴзóķ׼æ
лȡԪܴ򿪴صҲͳµķҽ塣
ȻԼһͷ˳С

ȷʵʴãһУƤϵʹбȻأʵʡлԼףԼʩ˸õķڸоˣѰ
һƬţ߸߰ķû˼ħޱɽʿעҽţ֮ɽࡣ
ϰߣʿûʲôŵĳн˿п
п
ǰļһɳ©ģҲԭ󷨽ڵλñ˳лزѶٹҵƵĵطĺŨȹߣѿ
һ취
˼Ƭ̣ʼɿΧС͵ܹھֲɢãĲǰѸ⣬ȴֺܿ£֮ʱԻǰ
ĶȻܽ˺ԣͷԽԽлؼǹ״ɵüӿϵĶ
ԽģѹȸоԽǿ·ʶ׷׹
дߵĿ޺ء
ЩѺŵģ֡ħǵõĺбšףл룬ûκһ˻ĥǰȫԹ
ÿһԹɺϡ
һˣڴħ޵Թǰ׽⣬дȫͷź󣬺ܲս
취
лΪƲƲ죬ţүҪҪġ̳豸Ūͺˡ
ϧǧ֪ûеͨѶֶΣֻķӡ
ԺԤݼƻĹУҵǸȡѾ˸ģԭľʵӣһȡлرΪ
սˣְȱĺƵκӰʹ࣬Ҫȴ֮ϣһ˿ƺɵĲҽëȻ
ԲסˡлĬһ䣬סȡӰǰɢֱڽס
һΡ
⡣
Сģ
ҽ˦һĹͺΪһķ޹ǣӭս˲·磬ʵЩֲˡ
ǵıǺԶͤʦ㣿ҿҲ
ͷſЦţݺͬŤܴƣҽȴˣǰ㲻˵⻰츳ѣֲŬЩаҲӺףޣ
һ˵һ𹥻ʼһԲڵ˫ͫʱڱ㽻ϰٻغϣѷʤ
ʵϣǷĺһֱǣͼϣҲܡ
аΣҵҪʡ𼱡Ӷؿ۳ĺҵҪʣΪšΪа³ˣҡ
䡪
һ죬ͻȻмѿ
ɳ©״ľ޴оҵذڶ£һͳŷŭд
ţǲܿһɢݣмӳһŽ⣬غͺײѺͺʹһ£ĽâУ˿ڴȴѪ
Ϊ㻹˵õңҡ
ŵĽͱ˸Դ
Ժƺױȵɱ۵Ťˣתͷ侲ʱĿѣ㣬лءԣ㡢ǡ
ΪԼ˺ܾãʵʶͺǸƺʦ֡
綼ѳ𣿡лֵ˭ʦ֣
ʽѳܹǿлûнֱ֡˵䣬ҲûһۣŻĶͷҽ塣
ҽ壺ɹ𣿡
ɡлر߷ɱ˵ʱȣȥ˵
ȥȥĶ
ɽ磡
ҽ壺
ҽ壺
ȵȡҽ׷ȫûףȥɽ磿ĶǻӰ쵽棿
ɽ״Ӱ쵽ǸͿ̿ɽ粻ֹʿзˣ֮ħ˵Ҳмǧ
˵ڵѾȫƻӡǲֲдͨþеǸʶϡ·Ϊӡ֤лصĻϵѺ׷ǵķ򲻶죬ԶʱʱиɽȻ£лƳ˸ԵһۣŶҽ˵ǣαйһսûӮָֻܷԱȫαѿɽ֮꣬ǿ˵ҪôӮ
ҽ졣
ͻȻ˵
ԣġлطɿؿһۣ˵Ϊ롪ңǲɽܣǻαƻǰ£ҲΪŹɽڡǰ˵ڡ򡹣޷ɳħԨѡ뿪˵أҲͽħƿȨһˡ
ûҪָʹΪ£ôصħܹķӡʱ
취ΪԼܹԽ򡹵˵ʿϡҽ׹ʱɫѿɽڡ
Ҳֹ̫ۡлҡҡͷҪ졣
á
һ·УֱܳҲǱΪħԨǵȡ
˵ʱҽлƹӡ֪ôȥ˴л˽ħԨӡʩ
ܰлϴӸղʹŵŹԵø
ʩħԨڴݵؿһţҽ˳ȥлȥȻһ䣺ʦ֡
һ٣룬̬ȾȻػͷôˣ
Ҫ𡣡
ȻǸʾ䣬ȴлƬ̣ЦЦأҪ𣿡
ڶ˫ۡ
꣬ȴߣȥɡ˵꣬һԽš
л㶡
û뵽
̾Խ˹ȥ


80 
ȳҽ屾Ϊȫˣ״˿, û뵽лصԤ벢û, Ǽ뿪ӵؽʱ, ĵһׯȫû
˵ı鶼̫ÿζ̬ˡ
ļƻʲôҽʡ
ȣҪϢȥлذ棬ЩΧĽ˳ŵ͸ȥ, ܸоص, ɵЩ΢,ɽĿǰûкõĴ, ˭Ҳ˭Ҫʱںһ£, ơʦܳ档
ŵ, ڶĳбµһ˵Żġ
ʹ಻̤֮·ˣҲ֮еǿߡ˵
Ҫô
ýЭ, ˵صͬ˵˵ǸĶ, ԭ, ÿ׷֮˶˵
αռǸλ, Ӧò֮, Ҫ, ǽ֮ôĵطȥΣ룬󷨡
лزûעһЩϡ˵Ϊ򣬵ڹҪħеǹͬϣҪһЩ
лھ·꣬ûһš
żСߵ졹һ󣬱õģеУЧáлص˵
Ȼ£ָһš
ǴǰϷһֻнлܾӦѧٿϡŹֵķ˵óȻѧ
Ը뿪ĵطл±ˣ˵ţڿﻭ
󷨵ʱһرɡ
һ߻һ΢΢
Ϳˣȴţҿûʲô©šץʱ䡣
лصĻעҽҪ󷨷ÿһŴУ¼˵ҪԼӡǣԱݡ
ӵĹû˷ʱ䣬Ѹٶ
л½㣬֪಻֪СţǷ©
лػн⾡صףҲһͬæ

ͨ·꡹ǱþеʶѰԼȱʧһ
СѾ˶ʮǿĵˣеΣգеηܿ죬Щ΢ܹΪõ
Щ΢ԽԽ࣬ЩСɳ
Ѿܾûԡº͵еʣоԼ׳󣬽ģǸǿУƺС
仯ŭĵˣ񱩵ĵ˺αװºߣԴϵ鷢Ӷָ
ǲԵģ֪ǿΪ˱Щ顣ԼȥǿУȥλػƬء

һ죬ƱɫЪ
ڿ޺оĴһ棬ϣڴ
л˴ţͶ뵽˾˵ְУΪ˾ˣҲΪ˲αȡ֧šģԽԽʿǣ֮󷨡
˳죬ǽΪûķй£µһ졣
ĻӮ𣿡;ҽһ⡣
£л˵ţЦһ£ƣ֮ɫȴŹģ˵㲻ҪС˵
ǧԸǴ

һάʮ졣
ʵϣܶ˲֪巢ʲôֻ֪첻ҹ棬ʣʱܱѣö˶˵Ĵׯƾձء
ҵõâӣܰȻ
ǣ
˻֮ǽ塣
л۵úܣ֮˯ҹعȫ·ˣɽһ㣬Ҳûҵõ
һüһ˶徹гһ㳳£ƽȻڵָСάЩͷö
֣ƽȻ۾һлأ
лأ
¶Ҳû㣬ֻý˵
ԷβĵãǴǰڶϰߴŵʽӷһװ׵ĳֱ׹ף򵥼ˡгµ˿ƽȻú˵¾пչһŵ۵Сӣܲ⣬ȴѩʩҲ֪ĸ˳ļ˺ðΣ𾪵Īǡл£
ʱԪںϣòҲӦı仯ǰñ޶£Ѻϳ
Ψһǡš
Ϊû֮ȫȫβͶ̥ת
лش󷽵سԼݣһֱ۲ͻȻ任µĻ⡣ʩҲʣôô쵽ģǶΪ˰ʱ˵ʦɵأһܻˡ
ûзл˵ţǸԡ¼Ե˵˵󰲾죬ʱ䡣
£ƶߵ𣬺ޣʱۼ˶Ǹŵšϵȸ߽ʿԽΪߣʱԽйطģоɻ߲ûôѡ
ʩΪߣܿ죺ѹֵ˵ô쵽ģ
ҷָԼԪͼ䣬׼෨ͷ󱣻ǣǱϾףұתͶ̥̥һ·ϧƻϲϱ仯лҡҡͷ
˵üԣеϵʿû֪ܲȼ仰еΣճ̶ȡ
һ룬Щϡв·ҪߣЩ֪ޣҲһҪٿ⡣
ҼȻ˾л¡
۲˸ܽˣ˷׷׷ʡ
ԭճ䶨ʼѶϢֱʧ٣˵ͬеҽһС಻Ӱ޷ֻܵҪˡ
Ǵ˵̫ԣǲԲ֪ʲô⣬Ȼ⣬Ҳ֪պҪô졣
⻹ûʣ֪˷⣬е͸ˡ
һЩ̫˵Ĳ֣лؽ˵Ķ˵ˣ֮ΪʱĶۻ֮кҲк㽫ͳͳħ硣ħԭħ磬ֻǸȻӵĵطΪ̫֮棬һĶ
ǰҰ͵α뿪ħ磬һٶɽλ񣬽ħ磬αװ񣻶ָܵԼʶˡþؾ
漰ؾԼлûϸ˵ⲿֻ֣ԡؾСΪڣһʴ
δɽ򡭡
ħʹõĹӶ·ӣα־һޡʿΪعħΪˣлȴΪ
ؼ䲻ɺӵһ֣ӶߵԻعءʲôҪ
ֲ˵زչޣԭͶͬ
˵Щ˵ûҪħ޸ϵħȥħԨ֮治˴ĵطλǺú룬ֻһҹҹգƶ񤲻ֲȱˮȱɹĵطѵ뵽õĵطȥлؿģħɽԭİ⣬ǽħԨϣħ֮Ժ󻹵ó
ħ޲бɱ˷
еһС֣˵ֹħħҲ˺ġҿֹԾɽֹħǲؽΪˡлؽǸħΪԴ󷨵˵˵̾ϢοһۣħҲʣ¶ˡǻλıġ
УҪл˵վɡϡȻı仯ˮƽһܷĲ£֡׷ѰһĶȴǸԡôп飬ͻǵһܣڳмɡ
Щˣʱ֣׷߾Ҳˣ˵ģҲȫ洦Ϊܶ꣬Ҳܼܶ겻ǣ

ῪûûˣлѾһԺ¡ƽȻ֪ҽһһԼչûӰˣҪҽϸģչǰ˿ţлؾлµ¡
ڡ׼ô죿ƽȻ룬壬㲻ԺʦܾͲȥĶô껹ԭҪȥסʱСڻ˵Щ̫뻯ˣĲ˵÷˽ħ޾ͲǼ򵥵¡
ֻܴӳ飬ҲáлЦЦһ忴
šˣ˵ǸؾƽȻѹòŵġءɣ
ô꣬ȻԼЩԤСлûзϣʵϣΪҪƽȻ
㲻ɻ³֡ΪΪԭǱػþġл˵ָԺǵðˡ
ƽȻ𾪵ؿҪؽѵɽ
ǿԣʱˣҵʦžΪ伣ģҾøøɽ½ʱ͵ýлԺȻ忴
˵վߣƽȻѯʵĻᡣ
һ춼ڻش·ʿɻ󣬴Կеʹ
л˵˵壬ʵûȥɽͷ˼ʯͷ֪겻ҲǶ೤Ӳݣػضһ
бĸҪҪ
ȥˡþʶųȥԺ󣬡þϡ࣬ڿռҲ֮ǰСݵرֻ뻹ǿԵġ
ǰһΣԾٲǰ
վٲ˲һվڲԶʶ͹ͨ
ţҾҲøı˼·һǵĴڡйĵطӰЩĶǲʧģԽǼɵǾԽܲ˵ķʽڡε£𣿡

ԣҴԽλԺõĸ򡭡Ǻ֣ĸطô飬ӦŶԡ

˺óʱ䣬¶λͨ
Ͼˣ߸ϣҲЩ뵱ȻлشִԽʶ
ʵԭǶԸ̽һȫûڵ磬ķʽı硣
Щлؾսϡɽ磬˰֪¡

뿪þ֮ллȦࡸлءݵʦֵܣĥĥ˴գȥ
˵ʵЩš
ɽ·ͳôĥҲꡣĵطϢͣڶС
л´һߵߵ顣
𣿡


81 
ԵߵûеõӦʱûио̫֡
ҡ
лΧתȦ, ڴ˴˽, , Ʋδ
⵹ĽŸлһЩӦû̫
˽ȥаվɣûɹļлȥں̶ҵ
Щľ޴, ȴû˯
ƣ͵ʱ, Ϣķʽ, ȻϢ
̶֮, ȴвĺΣԼߵĶۡ
һ˫εұ۾, ˸Σյĺâ
ǻɱ, ѱסлطǰһ
סΣա
лضһ, űûƵĿ˺̶, ʵعر, ֡
Ӳ, ȴһ˲һ˲ԥ, лذͷϡ
ȡ
Υˡ
һ, ¿ڡ
Ҹô㣿ʦ֣ǰ㵱һŵСӣ
лݸ
һƽǴһ˿ѹŵķŭΪϤַŭлĪһίζ
롣
˵ʵֶһʧȥҷָԪܸĴۣȻˣҲŲͬػôΣҾͲĴڣΪĸңÿһ춼ʵġлЦһ£ŵСӲͱйϵǶ˵Ļһǵлºˡ

ж𣿡лسգգۣһ£ˣں̶ˡʦǰǳ˵ҪѧԼƽľЩǡġ
ʲô
͡ģлرˣ㲻ҵ𣿡
ôʸ𣿡һ䣬ͻȻӳˮԾ𣬷ɽˮлر˱ۡһ˲ĹѾվڰߣ֪ﳶϣлʱǷɵǸո¡
ûҪģû£ͻȥɡ
˵ֱ꣬ȥС
лأ
׷ȥŶ롣
Ҽǵǰûдűİãʦ֡ƺֵЩͷ
лһƴ˹ȥ
Ӳ㶣ϾΪ;ôڱܲ¹ȻлصĿ겢һƣ·ޱϤһƲ
Ϊһƴĵ
˰벽Ĭؿ
ʲôлԴƽضµĽûų⣬治ңôưɣ
ûг
ķǡôһƣĵܰɣ㻹ħĥȥȴ䶼˵л˵ţ̶ķңңһۣǳǳһЦܲΪҲ²Ϊʲôݺ̶ɣǻڣġȥɣʦ˵һûӰû´ʱͳŲסˣӦöں̶
￿һôأ
ƫͷԸͬӣˡлס˵
һ㶣Ťͷ̫ţ㡭ˣ
лϸƷζһ£ͷţǵġ
ӡУл´δº͵ģһҺ棬˽°ִŶȤζƢǺܺá
Щʡ
ǡ
Ҫ˵ʲôأұħĥΪҿ粻ѵҸʦ֣ʦܰҽô֪ÿ˵ħֻԼ
лصͷҪħҵħγɵԭҲŪԼִȻҪô£Ҫô𡪡˵ǸҲûá
Ȼʦ֪ʲôۣû±ذɡ
Ϊ֪ħΪζ
ҵĸ⣿ʦδ̫ˡ
̫𣿡лƿڴûȿڣͻȻйˣƤŵ濴Ƭ̡
Ƥƽһʣ֪йħ𣿡
лйħȷʵǸܣǰȷʵҲȷжš
û˵
ħȵÿ죬³û֪ȻҲԸ㣬ħζȹ
Ҷȵÿ죬ΪÿΪʵڲáл˵Ŵ˹ȥ΢΢ɴУĴϲԼʦǶô޷ܵ顣
Ѿˡ
ħлؿʵΪ𣿡
иˣһΪڰʱһ⡣
иˣʧȥ־ʱ򣬳Ǹ
ӲϲлǶֵ飬ϲлµ̫̫࣬˵벻˭ϲл¡
ħ֮ԳΪħΪ£Լϲ񣬺Լǲ˵ķ
ʦ֡
˵뿪֮ҼꡣʱûǰȫļƻĺܱǸлػ仹ûָǶ˵£ʮΣʵûʲôջɹ
һʶȷΪ˴һŤתһеԿףлΪӦ֮ˣʱһ֪ġ
ַǸԣҪӱܷʱģʵǸð˰ͷţƺ«ʦܡ
ϲûüϲ˵ڣҲ֪ʦܵ˼ʦź
иԼԪпķֻ֮һĿܣҲҪ䡣
Ȼ˵ΪαܣͼԼȡʱ䣬һи֪ˣӶŤתǬ˵˵ǡӦˣлʼĶֻѡ
ԣ˲˼Ĳ˵꣬лظЦأ˼㻹׼ָңħͬ޹أظ𣿡
վǶƤţ˼
ð죬Ƥƽģȷʵͬйء
¶һǰ㣬㡣ЩȷԭҾãܷġߡЩ뷨ԶֻƺýһЩϾ뵽ҲԸңҾȫ޷ܡ
лˣܲˡ
ҪȻһħĥƵħԪֳʵӱʹࡣ
˴ĶֻǶˣ˵δʲôţҽܲˡ
лؿһŻʦ֣Ը⿴ЩѻħĶ𣿡
лͻȻߣһ
˭л˵˿ȫ޹صĻЩҲңΪҸͲڴ˼䡣
ţ
ɽ֮⣬಻ͬƽ硣һǰһȫ硣û㷢ĹԿȻЩͨҲϷǳԣÿ˶ܺ޹˼ɵڹ֮Ѱ֡лػһת㣬ҡսᱻŵġʲôԴ󷽷ħηηβǷ»ҪԼ㹻̹ϡ
١սƷζһĸ֣ȻΣ˼ǡ㻹ˡ
ǣۼ˫ɫͫҪðˣлæסҵ˼֪ʶǳơħ붫
顪
Ŵһպϣ޴ȴˣħռȫǡ
ǿ֮ĩӲŵǲסлطɿüģȻеķ
㱻ħӰ죬廹ȵģ𽥿ӵʵʵԽԽҪлΪһ塣
£ڡܱúۣлػǾܵذ˵ģҲġţʦ㽻ңҺúչ𣿡

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вӴʹѸٵվ
л£㼱ųţ
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Щ۲ҪȻȥ, 顣
лءŶһ, ֲ, ǵԵͨѶ, ÿɽʲôʱԼʱ俪ᣬ˵ʿҲǸ˵ľ˹װɣδ̫ˡ
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֮󡣡
лͷ롣
ô, ʱﲻ𣿡Ӧ, ƽȻɵԼǲ©
ǵǣǴлϸԼйء̳룬ɽͨѶ, ·˵, Ҳ˺ཻܶ, ⶫܾ֮󷢸Ű, ԺûҪˡ
ɽûν, дʿһռ, ǧǧͬڵؾҲûôѴ
ڡֳֵؾʶĶְ飬Ϳγһơ̳ĶպɽҪʲô飬ֻҪ̳ԼɣϰŴͨѶԼʱٵָص÷㡣
ȻЩֻҵ룬ûǰʱʶһ˼ķˣϲ츳Щõߵĵã׼ͬ
ƽȻһǺܷ㣬Ȳ˵ѶȣţǲУΪʲô
ȻΪ׬ǮˡлζؿһۣÿֻһЩϵģⶫж෽㣬ǻ᲻Ҫµģо˼췢ָƲַⶫֻҪʯܻǻ᲻Ǯ
ƽȻ׬Ǯû֣˴ŻȻ
֪׬ǮⷽûʲôĵãôųԷôҪأȻһˣԺ׬ǮܵðġлĳϡƲɱ⣬պ󲻻ôʿʿͷ˵ϵὥýܡҵ뷨ǣǿһЩҪķ
ǷҲʹãԵͽʿѺãǵĿͻȺӴЩƹ㣬ķᡪͷҲš
ʦ֣ƽȻǸж뵽ʵ㵱֮λ㡪
ͣͣͣûȤʦҲ֪ûȤͲ㽫֮λңŵλģ˭ʹлذסɢˣǸϲ䣬оЩѧ˵ˣʲӵġûȥ
˼ꡭ
ǾͼŰɡлغǹ
㲻ЩСʵݣƽȻ˼
ûҪл˵˵Ҫÿ˶һ鵱ϸڡ¡ǻԣӽ󣬻ĺá
ǡƽȻԳԥ
лؿЦˣл˵
˵ƽȻһֿۣһۣڿԶͤ״ӣȻѾˣ㻹ġͽܡ
лأ
ҲǲУҽͽ²

ҼǵɡлеΣҲûˣҷȥҲС
ʵÿ껹Сȥ۵ġΪմȾĽСӶԴ˶ܻ
ǰ£ڵͬ뵽ĳЩ棬лͻȻʼΪСǵǡ
۵ӵĸλͻǡȡˡлڨڨˣȻһĲ£ܹɽϵӲܿ԰ɣԼĵ̣ԭҲЩСӿʰ
⵹ʵǰƽȻʹЩ۵ӳȥĵطɨأУȥġ
л֮⣬ûܽȥˡ
뵽˴ƽȻм̾ϢͻȻҪʣˣ⼸ͶϢûȥʦôʱ״̬áǸҲ֪Ȼǲ˵ʵġ
ˣ˵ҸմӱչˣشԼܽħ⡣л£ڴһ䣬˼ʱͦүҲ֪û¡
ħǴϲ£ƽȻҵȥǼ϶˵˵ˣ£Сӣܵøλ˵˵ɣ
ţ㡣óչأɽȥҼˣѰңͻ
˽£һߣƽȻɽȥлɽ¡
ֱǰƽȻͻȻסһôˣ
ˤһ¡лزԸ˵ͳʽϾͷˡ
ƽȻԸɻ
ʿˤȵģ

Ǵ½ΪһҲȽء
үãӹһ٣лʱһƿջԡ
ǸԵǲе㡭лԼɵݸ
үؽӹˣ˵ģⱾ͸ǵġ
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ûżʺõӵͶȥˣûֵģָָԼıӣͱ¿ǿˣʲô壬ǹƨͷԷɰˡ˵ϻǸɳ˵ġ𣿡
ȻġлЦˣҪɣ͸һȥ
Ҫͨŵſô찡츳ô
ǲǸ츳Ŀˣ˵һͨסɽ¡лسţзЩȶóȥҲвʯ룬ʯ㻹²Լ
ʯζ򵽷õĵҩʯҲʿȡԴ֮һ
ү˵ˡ
ջƻ뿪һ
л·
лȥܺȷ϶ƽ£ûʲô㣬үصšΪѾָ˼䣬Ȼ֪³֡ĿʵһƷˣΪүͨ
ʵҲȷʵˣܿ죬һĿɵ˾ͳŵµӡ
츳ѣãԭܾ裬ŵʦֵܶһͬʡŵĺãҪд̫࣬ʶˣȻԼж˲
лճͨӵദ黹б仯ģԴĵǼݴӡԶͤ״ӡˡ״ӡԺ˿Ŀⶼй֡
֡С㶨˱ѸĴкεҪơ̽ĹŹ֡
лءʱ䳤˾ϰˡ
˼ȫ̳նˡϡ
γԺѡһþвеΪľϣԵƣΪˣصؽԶͤ
ĳɷ죬ɷ̣·䣬лææóķʱһƣƽȻ棬͸ŵ
տʼЩΪⶫãԸյ˴ڣʵ֤Ĺ߾г
˲꣬ЩնûҪľѾһƷʯĶ
Ϊлصظүһ̨Զľи̳Ƶķ
ս֮ħħ˲ءлشżλŵħһ⣬ͬħ޵ֻӵؽ硣
л֪¼ãûԡӻٲܱħԨ֮ºãοӵ׺;ڣʱ䳤ˣ̻ͨеģͨҲеģ֮˺Ҳͺͽˡ
ħ޴ħԨվɱӡϣαĴڣǲģħԨǷϱȽϺáлѾȰǧµĸµĴڣʱлҲܲˡ
ûм𽥻ָΪͣڹһڣеŨȣżǰα²ٷһΡ
һжõķչ
̳֮ɽĸҲ˸ȥԭȵıֽû䣬ҲüҿбֽΪŴͷ̳ն˵ƹ㡣ȻʱĺǵֵסģлЩ಻Ϊñ˲ʹ죬뷨ǡһתͷȥǼ̸ȥˡ
ԺֺүŻ˷Ƶƣ÷Ҳҹӵйͬһɷķɳɷĸػȵȣɽһոµʱ


лؽΣͬһװװóףз˲ٶӸΰû¡
˵ЩѧģҲ˷ʱ䡪еʱ䡣
ҽװģΪ򲻹ֻһֻ۱һֻۡ
οлûٰԶͤѾȵ˲ٴǰûеֲȶֲԴŵҵҲݱؿչ
űͲȱ˲ţֻȱӪˣʱתѾȵԣˣһЩǧǰͳöҲ𲽻ָˣƽȻһֱ롪ŵʽԭϡ
׬Ǯ֮ǰŵÿ˶ΪԼ
ڣҶ׬Ǯá
˭ϲʯء
죬лؾæµҹͻصϢڱչأɽĽֻһͨ۵ҲϲֻƶȻȻˡ
չشܰлһֱԼһ˾סһ˱ؽ磬˾ͺܷɡ
ҲһػԼʱסӣչţȻ첲ӱȦס
лһ㶣ϲתˣ
ţ˳ͷϣ
ôףлΪɻ󣬽ƿЩȥ۾ô
˫۾ڻָյģޱлظӲˣȻˡΪβף
ħǽѣɽٵСס
ƽ˾ЩӶû䡣
һȱȱӣ仰˵лظɻ׷ʣ˿ڷ磺ҷָԼԪ񡭡
лͫһ
ɹȻ֪жʹࡣΪʲô벻ͨûҪôɡ
㵱Ϊʲôһۣʦ֣ΪѽԲħһȣһͲˡ
ΪβұҲһġƽ˵ţлصˣʦ֣һͬӻֱ꣬ȴࡣԣҲֿͬˡ
лأ
̱˵黰ֲ˹
Լļⶼһ¡
ţ˵һһֱġлشۣƵ̾˿ȻָԪ񣬰һֽҰɡ
ҪʲôûзʻҲһʵ·𲻾ԪǶҪĶ
лص㲻ȱԼĽҷǰѰ˿ȻʯǸĺòϣϧûü㣬ָԪ񵽵ײܾô棬ϰɡ
һ
ֻܿعսӵ²ʦ֣ѵұչǰǻû𣿡

û갡ǲС£Ҿ㰡Ͷ̥Ͷķ̥ķˣ֪֪˵ǺܴİǡĻ
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㣬ٿġ
ҷġ
л˵
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