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Ʒ
˹εһμ͵ʱհ򣬶˼ͿʼѪ
˹εٻ͵룬ֻҪ;ͳ
˹ε㵽вУǲǻְֽ
ͣ
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ף
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ǩHE Ѫ


1 
ؽյĵ죬˹εƽڴϣŷҡεëƷֱŽıķļ磬˹εźܵ͵һ
軹ء˹εûͷ»ָȻȣͷͷŰɫȫ˾̾
Ҳͱ¨ӡ̰Ѳ;߰ںãվһ̾ƽʱССҲˣΡ
ǰ˹εϴٶȺܿ죬ڴϿ̵ıӰ
˹εСڽı󣬳ÿϦܺͳȻһٷʱȫӰڳȻǮ˼򳡵ԱҲûѳ˹εһֱʮ꣬Ȼǳɫ̺ӣһǰʩһͥһȥסɡ
˹εȫûע⵽ûӻӶ˸˹ε˵ȳԷ
˹εЦһֱ˾ذŽ˵ǳȻԴ˭ܲȻӣ˵ǲǡŮ֪˵ãֻһҡͷűо˵ʲôַ
ߴӴ϶͸˹ε˵ϣƤȥǵ΢⡣չңƤܿ챻յҪŻɹһƤܾͻῪʼƤߡϧͻȻţͣһǸ˵˹ε̫̫¥
˹εۣźչӦһá
Ӵ˹εǽϹŵԲ￴˿ԼѪɫ۾Цһ£ƿ߳ȥζȫͬŨ̴㣬¯̴˴룬̿ɫ̻ҵϡ
¥ݣȻϣԺ
裬Բ𡣡˹εڣϣӦֻгĬ
ӲϵɽĹ·һ޷Ȭѿ̺ۡ
Դǿɽͨ㣬չһֱͣڣһֱԤʼɽ·𽥺ת·󵰸˭һڣǰһ˭˭˵󵰸䵽˳Ҳȷʵݣôһ鵰ӲԼȫȥˡǳԳˣĿеһ룬˾ûˣʣ¸չʮյĶŮ޴ӡ
Դǵ˴󲿷ֶڿ̼ЦЩڵȴʱһҪһڰѳ̼ҳԵ
үĵڶ£Դǽеֵ˶յһݻɫϳȻּۣзȫûűӣȻѡһ·һһԡܴеط̨ʵʱתĳȻƯɫβڵϸǰλ衣
˹εʱ򣬳죬źɫװʾ³ˡ
Ӱó׺ñӴãţȵķЮһɼŵζӿǻǱһ鷢ùõĨϡ˹ε޷ƵطθŻ֮վǰĳȻתͷ̲Ƴһۡ
ó˹εܻŻһ
ĶֵĴһ룬ͻȻһһĹͣ쵽ҪѶĤƣ·мֻԹҪ˵ϡͳʮ룬ֹû˲串Ƕ׼ݵ£ΧĹֹͣ˹ε˵ĻתԶվںɫΧˡ
ŹվӺܸߡ
Ȼų˹εΧǱߣʪĺŪ˳˹εЬͿȣûô⡣չۣñµӰ˳˹εֱһصأ˰ѸֹܶڵϣԱ߼װ裬ǣ;޴ĺɫű߹
ͷϵͻȻͣ˹εӵеƬҰʼģñƣһ䵽ΧǱߵϡ
ͰʮʵԼһ˴źɫĿɱģƬ¶£ζѪˮ˳µΡ֪ǲԼʱվһߵĶűʼڳƣǰŲ¶ѩ׵
˽˽ӣƫͷƳһۣűһܵ͵ʡ
ҶӡȻڣһ߲˲࣬ǳ˹εһκǸ˶ӡ˵ƤףͫԵøڣ³˹εڸƱյĳϼˣҲܿһӢ
Ǹ߽һ㣬˹εӵ˼¹λ׼ЦкʱͻȻ߽һ㣬ߴˣ
Ѫˡ
ȵҺܿմ촽ԱߵѸٵֽ˹εӹڱѹһ£ѪܿڰɫֽϿûٿڣ˰ǣִ֣Χ϶ָָڲŰɫ˹εɴ䦳Ѫ
֪˭Ѫ
ã͡
˹εȫϴƮȳζĹûҪֵ˼ɨ۳Ȼɫ˹ε¶òЦݣ˵á
͹ɣϤһ¼Ȼɱýͣͣͣ˵˹εë٣ܵöൣ
͵ͷƿͳȻŵĿ⣬ȥ֮󣬰װںɫűǰ
Ȼԭ˵ʲôֻѾ˺üΣֻȵԱ߽ӵ绰Ȼ߿ûڵϹ۵չڳ˹εĲ˹ε᲻صһվԱߵǰɡſ
Ҷ߹Ѱ˹εǰѧ͵ģһ͵ͣͣЦ˵ԺƵ鷳ɡˣ
ʱͣ͵ע⣬̧ͷۡ
˹εЦֳñӣ˵ҼһҪֻҲϲܲܲ
Ӧԣ˹εĻһֱͷĺڹͻȻ̧ͷ﷢ͺ𡣳˹ε⣬ǰ˴Դѧſ죬¶еĻ
ͽ˽ĹűҡҡβͣͷȷЩûӰ칷ʳ̧ۣʮƽػش˵С
˹ε¶Щʧı飬վ·ϵĸңۿڵʹһһðɣûϵҲֻƽϡ
վڲԶĳȻͨɫ̫ãϳʱû˾ţϳ֮عš˹εܻῴɫûٹܶڵϵͣߣ˾򿪳ţ˹εһһЦ˵˭ǳŮʿˡ
ɫ⿪ͲƬҳԱߵĺɫϴȦͲԶĵط
ʹʼû̧ͷֱۣס
տ¸߼ţʼձ۳ĬĳȻͻȻҪͣ˾ѳͣ·ߣȻԱߵĳ˹ε˵ҹ˾£иȥ
С˹εñ֮򿪳³ŵʱ˸죬չȥųȻЦе˵ǵóԷ
ȻûӦ˹εŹϣŽγ»
ΪǰѧУѧ¥ɱ£ͷ飬ѧУһѧһܵļ١̫˹εĶҲȥˣ󲿷ʱ䶼ڵϷϡ϶ڵǰһǼСʱȳ˹ε䵽ϵĳǰƻε۵ʱŷִѾһƬڰ
˵㰲ŵϾ͹ȥ˰ͷҪ˹εѶŲŲͣ¥ԺĳûϨԶƴشڴϣ˹εŤͷһۣ᲻صӦһ䣬ջߣѾ¥ˡ
ӴһЦŵ٩ͦİëô࣬Ȼܿĸˡ
˹εվߵߣְ̧Ѵ£ſڵӰԼؾԱߵĺɫ󹷡
ǰ˻˹ε´ת»صǰ˼룬Ž˵ٳǮװе
ǱЦ̫˺òá


2 
˹εͺϷ˸ͨڶʱѾ磬˹ε˯ƿţ۾Ĺ߻ε˹εһûˣ˹ε¿ټĻֻվһˣϴķ׵ĺɫ䣬һ
أ
һֱվŵͶ˶̧ͷϿ¹ڲĳ˹εӦһʶ˹ε
ȥˡ
Ŷ˹εͷת׼ңܿ۷Цеؿ͡
ڼҵʱǲģ˼˹ε¶ЩǸı飬βסĸ߸ϡͶԴȫ⣬ߵشǰһ°ѴĹ˲䰵ֻⷿţչ⴩͵Ľűߡ
˹εߣڹ֮ǰõɤ˵лˡ
ϴϣ˹εûճԳõķ賿صϷ֮ǰԼȥǶȻԽȫȤ췽˹εΪ̼ˣҪȥ
ף˹ε¥Ͷˡ˹εñӣƿⷿţԭſϢĶűȮͻȻѣǰ֫΢һֽԵƶͺ𡣳˹εúЦϥϡ
ô˹ε
ѾǾˣϧСͲֶϲڹǲͣسС˹εƳһ۴ϵƤȦͺȻһ֣ͼȥűȮıǼ⣬ˡ
ɫűȮˣȴĲӣôǰһ뻹ֲˡ˹ε۾Ц¹ĿˮЬҲ⣬Ϸһֱͳ̨ſڲֹͣ
˹εתͷվűߵˣþ˵㣬˹εϵǼtϴɫ°ҲеߣһǴ˺ܾõġ
ѹӣ㲻Ҫô
ߴʹ΢ŵָƿ˹εվ˵ϵ´Σ㻻ֵӺˡ
û˵ֻǶ˫ܺڵ۾ų˹εҲòʣ߹ȥվͶ档
˵Ĳ𣿡
ԡͼ̵ػشתƵ̨һֲϡ
û˼ˣﲻһƨ˹ε̾һǰһ߻ͷ˵ȥɣҪšվűϵһ漴ת¥³ߡʧһߵıӰ˹εͳֻ˵ݵַٷһҡ
ͷڻ᳡ĵĿ֣յ˹εĶţվߵſڣֱӸ˹εͨ绰
ַҶ㷢˶ٴˡ
Ǵˡ˹εվڴſڵɡµȣͷ²Ľжźļܣ˹εֶ࣬һֶӣѾʼ˹εǲڳ·ˡ
ǷȺүɽСζأˮ־ÿڵܲܡ
ȹˡ˹εֱӴϺ䣬ֻڴӳ¶İͷֱȵͣǰ˹ε߹ȥ͸ŷ̵͡
ڸﰡ
͵ıЩɻ󣬸˼ӣ˹εʻλĳһ㣬΢΢üôˡ
˼Ҿߵĳ˹ε˵㿪ˡ
뵽ոͣڳļɫ۵ĳܣһͣͣ˵B֤ûܳ
ĸһֻ̡һ£˹εͷһۣѾѵַˣ뽲ʼвСʱˣ˹εţλȥ
ζţֻһζԺԡ
10š˹εѰȫۺãתͷһۣ·ɣ
Ա˶زһŰɫָڱٸϣҵλ˹εԵظоǰһ£ڲ֮ǰ˹εԱ˼򵥵ػش˵֪
һ·Ͷû˵˹εģƵʱק˵ȵûûˡ
û˹εתͷͣЩЦʣǴĶڳģ
ˡ
˹εûֲһ䣺¡
ԭڻشϸ⣬˹εеЦŰȫǱ߿˿һֱô˵ҶˣŻشһ⡣
ת̣¹˵ƽ˵ˣá
ҲûȤ֪ͣûиĵ˼˹εñѹαϢ͵ĳúȣʹżתת仡Ҳĸպãŵ˵һΣҲγ˾òʡ
ʮӣͣ£Ӧǵطˣ˹εûۡҲû˼ܰ˹ε˺ĺԼڴߺʲôˡ
һ˹εˣ˺ǣͣſڡ
ӦҲˣûж˼³⿪ʼóҲû
ǲǵ˰˹εۣ˸Ƿ
ˡͻشִϥϡ
߰ɣҸԼ㲻õˡ˹ε˳ڹس֮ǰЩ䵭ĲЦ˵ȥû¶ȿĳ
˵ͷ治ôŵıһšͣ˰ƤôһԵؿˣس˹ε߶ߣûüү֪Ķð˳һŸ³˵ļ硣
һΪҿˡЦĲУҪƲ𣬿Ƥţ
˾û
ϵЦݸ˹εһ᳡һ߿Ц˵ǴĶҵô
лҪģ˹εͺڵһţĿбӵض̨ϿĭɵˣԱ߿ڶգ뵽ڶȻܻῴֽ˹ε۾ĸЩ
ʱԤڼƻ˶ʮӣʱ䣬˹εһֻǰ׼õ⣬Цݵؾ֡бǰӰͷ׼˹εվɵ˸⣬ڽڻشĹУʱʱܽƵĵͷ
ݽ˹εԵĺֱۣװѧ׻ݵĺá
ϳԷҲȥˡ˹εС˵
ü˸ΪʲôĿ͡
ݵʱ̫˹εش˵òˡ
Ҳ㣬治Сڽͳ˹εվƣ̫죬òų˹ε˵߻عøһȥݻ
ɢ˹εźߣ쵽ſڵʱ°ñӴϣ˼Ů¶ûأ
ǿɲһߣǸ鳡
˹ε״̬˵ѣ֪ǲǳþƣȥ·Ͼû˼λûŷֳ˹ε˯ˡ͵ڷϵļδݽ涼һͿأü˵ߣ˹εͶȥ񣬵˹εֻųϵĺȫûյźš
͸ҹɣ߳ȥ绰Ŀյ˳˹εһۣǲڼŰ㣬ûǮԺǰɣ
ðĺܵĩͣ˹εСͷȫŽĩŶˣǺ˵ζԣ˹εᶼҪð˲վ˵ˡ
˵ʲô߸պô绰ֻ͵س˹ε˸ָѸͶս֡
Ѿ˹εѵñӣ·⣬˵ַ֮Ϳα˯˹ȥеۣͨϷľûƤǹ˪һءôһ·˯ſڣƼ۱ĵλ˹εǮ˳
ҲȵĲˣɫɳΧ·ת䣬˹εڻصңϰָƣմˡ
ûˣҲֻһյصơһ춯ڻ谵ĻﶼüԣԶ¥춯Ѹٱ˹ε׽̧ͷڳȻŴ汻ƿθߴ˴߳
͡
ټľ׿ռ׷һˣվڶ¥ƫͷ۾Ͱ쿴һ䵭ʹ¥Ȼһվڳ˹εǰϸӰͶϡ
͸Ӻܸߣʱ򣬻˲ԾѹȸС
Գ˹εȿڣʣڼ𣿡
ˡͻش𣬡ʱ򣬻Ὺɫĳ
˹εЦ˳죺λشĺܿ
û˵һһ׼뿪ӡ
͡ǳ˹εһοں͵֣ƿĿͳ˵ײһ
ǴĶҵôģ
϶͸ԼԼĹ⣬˫ѹѹ۾û˵


3 
ڶȻûȥ˾˸ͣϥ̯ŵıֽһ濴һ˾Ϳ˹ε˸嵰ҧһСڣﺬ˵һ𡣡
¥³ԡȻ˵ʱû̧ͷ۾ɶűֽһŽ˵ֽԺԲȥûʲô˼
˹εֳԴӰѼ嵰˸󶴣ȻĻЦŰѹҹȥ
ʰ𡣡
ѧУ¿ѧ˹εصѧУԱߵĹԢż죬СذѶؼңˡ
ˡ˹εڰѼ嵰ƽֳ֣ŵ׽ɫıԵʲôƵģ̧ͷʣأǲҲðȥһס
Ȼڴ˾ŵߣͣͣ˵á
С˹εͷЦЦ
緹ϢȻѾ¥Сʱ·Ѿã һīɫɡ˹εļ嵰߰㣬ȻֻƳһۣʲôҲû˵һֱЬתͷ˵еĻ͸ϰһ¹Σ쿼ˡ
ֻ֪û˵ڣȻѾʧſڡ
ٹܲļ˹εվߵشǰ⿴ȻŵİɫγѾȥԶվڿտƺ˾ͱüۡͰĺɫ̶ȥٷɱȥͰڵϣְ̧۶ǰ鷢¶µֱŶչ
űȮȮҧŷܻһ˵ϣմˮķ̲͵Ͳ۾¶΢Ļȡ⣬ˣͬʱֵʱ򣬺˸пá
ֱ֮ڲݵϵͻȻתͷ׼ȷش϶ϡ
ֺݣ˹εϴ
Ϊ᳡дڱүѵ˹εص䣬򿪵ӣϷֱһϷϷСһڵ绰ͷѹ˵˹εҪұƼ¼ȥǶǵ¶
ĵ绰˵˹εҵ绰ڵϰֱϵstart
ָвãܹʮε;Ҳײ˺üθ˵Ƽ¼ˣȦüγɼǵסģУ˹εſȻ˵˵ģ٣ϲ䡣
ϷܳڵϻɫĻߣںɫܳ漴˹ȥ˹εƳϽ1/1
С棬̶ȥǲۣͿŴʯשϵĺɫӡûôԥͶȥȥذϵĺࡣ
㲻ùܣ˴ɨ
ͷɣ̧ͷ˵ĳ˹εߡ
ĵţԳ˹εؿͶϵıͷЩҵԺtǺɫӡԱߵİӦеۣ˹εҲУֻǰſͽűߡ
ҪҪϷ˹ε̧첲˻Ļɫֱ¶ˣԼҲûʲô˼
ˡתͷֱĨһµשϵա
ܾĸɾ˹εҲץֱϵͣ˵û˵֮ǰù֢֮ҲҪ顣
ھͺҪϷ
ڿ˻վһ֮󣬳˹εشһá
˹εЦеػصҵȴӳ﷭һֱڵʱ˽ͷʪţ·ҲˣǸոʱ˸˹εߵλãɣ
߹ûԱߣڴû̵̺λá
ûС
ǰɣ˹εŤͷüë΢ţȻûϷ
Ϳŷڵ̺ϵĺɫֱȻЩڵϷ棬һλش˵ûС
ûҲûϵܿϷƺܿ֡˹εѶеȵȷϼѡˡ
б󷽵ȥֱ˹εŵϴɾԡ¶ζƫͷһۣĿһ䵽͵ϡһ͵ָؽûвָԵø޳΢Щָؽڡ
ڳ˹εʱѾѡ˳Ϸ趨ԭʼɫָ궼ʮƽӹ˹εҲûж˵ѡԼĳ֮󣬰start
ָ˹εһڣһһѻӳ˦ڶȦ˺һǰµļ¼롣˹εЦŰֱһߣŴŤͷͣЦ˵Ȼǵø˱Ȳа
ֱָ⶯˶̧ͷһۣĳһڡ
һֱ𣿡
ʲô
˵˹ε޸Լôʣ˵
͸˼룬ش˵ûʲôرҪ˵ġ
˼ǣûʲô˵ˡ˹εЦ
ͣͣ˵ǡ
ʲô˼
ûʲô˼
˹εϺǺƼزͶţûʲô飬ٲ첻Ǻػشÿ⡣
ðɡ
˹εֶԻڴϣӿڴͳֻĻذŪû˵ߣҲû۾ŵӣڷֱͻȻͲתͷüֻ׼ĳ˹ε
Ż͵˹εְһ¿ţȻͷ˵äܿѧʱƵ鷳ңѧУôˣϲ
һŵʱ㻭Ѿˣһ룬˹εһŵµԡ¶ζϴθ͵ֳŴأһֻץֻ΢΢б
ʹ۶ʳָֻĹػȻ˻ȥ۸˵ģϳ㡣
ֻĻմһ͵ָƣ˹εعЦŻش𣺡Ǿͺá
ԸǺûб߽еΪͺܿ÷ܣ˵˾䡰ȥˡ֮ͷҲصʧҰ
ŲԽԽԶ˹εֻŷ˳ȥûã绰˹ε˽͵͵һ
ʲô˼ҷ˭Ӧǻڼң˵С
˰Ҳ顣˹εͷŴ컨ػεëƣǲǱˣ˶Ǹģ֮ǰĸѧУѧ
ʲô
˫ѹѹۣ˹εԾһ˵ͣˮ򣬶͵͡
ЩһֻͦᣬģҲ˧ǣôеء
˹εӴ
Ҳ˵ãǾͦϤͣһ£ٿʱŻȻ˼ŶվӵʱҲ˧ɡ
˹εû˵ȥ
˸ʲôˣ
ûаվǰͣ˹εһЦ˵˴Ұ󡣡


4 
˹εһΣǰɫģԼһƬѩףֻֻܿ۾ɫͷվһˣűֻһģ˹εһ۾ͰϳƴƴС
Ƿһ
ͻȻ˹εۣѩ׵컨м㶣̵ֱ͸Ű崫˹εʶǸνˡ̵Ĵߴٻڼ˹εӦһ֪ˡ
ʮӺʰĳ˹ε¥ûˣȻЬطڵ̺ϡ
԰ɣ̫̫Ҫ˵㡣̰ðӳ˳Χȹϲ˲ת
ǸεӰлҪ󣬳˹εȫûʳųβͷе¡ԼԼ΢¯˹εվߡ
ֻƿ˸죬۵Ĺߴϣ˹εʶۡʵӦٻʮȥԱðɡпܻͻȻ֣ƴȵࡣ
ȥԺٴñӺˣ˹εôţƿš
˵Ⲣûϣ˹εźɫɡǽ޳֣˳ֱϣ͵֪ʲôʱ͵ģӦǵһˣΪ͵ɹе죬Ҳ˺
ٵˡ˵ְ꣬ɡ泯Ǳбб
˹ε߬˵ָһ£һʼ¥ݡʹʼ벽룬ɡŵøߣ˶Ӱ˳ѸɡƵһ߿ȥ
صҵ˹εں͵ĲЦ˵ˡ
û˵һţƽȵػס
糿Ǹ߷ڣӸ߼Լ˹εǲںٵ£Ͳǡɢɢűٸ˵ػζ컭תرкüΣ˹εþҪԱߵĳˡ
ĳôŭں·ڣ˹εͣڸڵĳҡ³˼ָ֣
Ŀǰȫûϡ
ֿĽǲûٵһ οʼʣ˽˷ӣͰѳͣѧУ棬תɡݸһŵԢҪҹ𡣡
ϳ˹εҪȥƽѴƣгò
ɡ
á
˹εǲϿĽңڵڶŵĺڰ֣˹ε̨ףλá
һΪóٵءŵ·бܣɤϰˣ׼㺰ء
ôģ˹εƳһۣȻźĲӣ΢˵ô𡣡
裬˹εҪɱ˰Сվڽ̨ڿͶӰǵͷһۣЦǸĿ͡
רҵһϾСʱ˹εıӺͱʶˣǴӺıʼǱ˺ҳֽüǱʼǣ˹εҪʣ԰ѵƸó˹εٸһݡ
ȻĶӣѧϰɼܹ鲻̫ܲף˹εϿεʱͦģάеƫϵΣżյʱ򣬻ǰٳʮʮ
¿죬Ȼμʣҳû꣬ѧѾʼʰȻƫͷ͸Ⱥ϶ֿһͶӰǣĵϴһ֡
ˣҿˡֱۣɨ۵ĻıʼǣҡͷпôŬôͿ˵һء
ǰ㡣˹εѵԿϣعͷ˵Ŭܿ
һתͷ磬ʳõ˺ܶ࣬קܵ¥˹εȺеһſӣվڱϵ˳̧֡
ôô῿ֻڽеϷ棬Թ˵
һÿһ˵˹εװѧװˣ¿ζߡ
ϴƻȥȥˣڴϷ;̧ͷ˳˹εһۡ
ȥ˹εһźƬҧһƲƲַŵһߣ˵˭Ǯȥ
ļѡ޿ϵĻɣγ˹εϣ˰ɡڿ̨100׵˼Ϊŭܵðǵʱ򣬻̨ȥץ˹εɡ
ģɹ㡣
ô˵ѹû˹εɡʶ˹εʱҲ죬Ǹʱֻó˹εϸƤ⣬ɡĲˡҲЦģɡļһα̫ɹĳ˹εûѺ
ʵھͿˡšƿȪˮɼ϶ꡣ
¡ֱˮͷ͹˰ƿ
˹εǰŤһῺͺʱ䣬˵ʱ仹аСʱ߲֪ͨͣ͵Ը񣬹ſڵһϡ
ݣѾܳȥԶ޹˦Ÿ첲ſɨһۣͣټ룬ͷų˹ε㳵ôͣſˣ
˹εŲͣ٣ǰ˼ҰǳֺɫĳǰǣȻ죬ȳ˹ε߹ȥʱ򣬺Ѿת˵û˰
ûôˣ˹ε̧ͷ죬ɡûɡ赲߱ÿ˹εҿ˿׽ͷһƿȪˮ͡Ա߻վһŮͷ˵
߲ԭû壬¶Щɻı顣ţ˹ε΢΢ȥŮ˵۾ŰߣֲšſȪˮƿǡ
̵ˣֱҡҡͷ֮ߣû߳˹εͺͶߡ
ˡ߹ͣ˹εڡ
΢㶣Ȼͷ
ѣ῿ͣתͷʳ˹ε
ǣ谲ŵˡ
ŶҪ˦𡣡῵˳ûʲôı顣
û¶£ֲӰ档˹εƵʻλţ˵ˣҳȥɡ
ῳڰ֣쵽ˣȹȥ
ҲУ˹εʻλãתͷһۣ˹εϵðȫ˵ָ·ǸطͦԶ
ûӻû˹εͺῴкʱ䣬һţͷ˳ȥƽѵַԶ֮ɽţ³ĻҪʮӵĳ̡˹εεͣ˼ƽڸʻλϣֻҪƫͷܿ͵ĺ׺һ
˹εҲôģͷŹ΢͸Ķжû˴ڸµ˰̡
ո𣿡˹εʣûشֻǳλÿһۣ˹εֽ˵·棬ҿһŮ˵
ʶʹתƣڣǲѧУѧ
Ŷ˹εЦЦǴڨ
Ůѧڨͦӵ¶ͱֵĻǺ䵭˹εѹ֪ڨʲô˼ܰ˹εԼͽĺֱڴֻһ
˹εͷһۣǺϢ
ǸͣľúĶ


5 
ƽѿԶĽ⣬һֱĹ·ܿܿԴߵɽɽ߶Ⱥˣ˿ᷢ̾ĳ̶ȣ˵Ǹӡ
˹εطʱǻû˳վ˼Ӿ;ȣ˹εóɫĲһҡ˹ε͵üǣ۾¶
ȣ㴰ˣ͸
⻰˵ûһֻǵͷѳȫҡȥ֮󣬻ѿյٵ
ֵʮӣһɫ񳵴Ӹ߼Ͽһ³ͿʼŻԹῲʻ·Ϳʼγ
Զ¡˵
ƵľҪΰ˹εͺǸŴ֣˹εƼѣǮ϶ȥ޻أ࣬˲𾢶ʱקקߡ
ͱŽˣϵȰɡ῿һڳûͣ䵭ʹʼնûҪӦˡƢ𱬣û˹ε˾죬˵ȥһ֪ô˵ɣ
ͺصͷش˵֪
ߺ¹ˣ˲͸ڽ֮ǰֻͷһۣʳ˹εǼҵѵʡ𣿡
ֲˣָͷ˹εƳһۡ
Ҳһ˵˾Ҳǡ
ţӴǰǴƣ¥ݣ߲һЩǰ棬ɨЩյĴһ٣ƫͷѹ˵оԾ
̫ˣ˹εͷһֻۣһˣźɫװڸ߽ŵϣɨߵʱ򣬺С˹εǲߣͣͣʣҪҪ
ȿ˵
ƿӴԱǴ򿪵ƣܴĿռһԲ˿޵ɳΧߡ߽ȥӴԱһ˵ȥһɹ١
Ÿչϣ˹εְ֮ǰˡ
ǡһζ
̴ľѬζأڲ̵˵һӾųˡ
˭ģ˹εῡ
Ŀ
磬ڹ⻹ûͷ̾ûע罻𣿡
ֻĶ˶٣ͣ˰Σ˵ûУжˡֻϵ˰죬ʱȥɫԽԽ̧ͷʱѿڶһ໰ֻûźš
û¶û¶һءҲеĻг˹ε𡣡תͷų˹εҪ¶Ͱ
ô֤˼ϻ𣿡˹εЦЦ
㻹ЦóߵűߣţϸĶȷû˹֮󣬿һˣ˵ƵöԲˡ
˹εߵɳ£ž˫֣˵ˣ£ûϵ
ǰ仹û˵ڣͻȻ汻ߵ죬ŮЩãAmanda
û˵ҳ͸ĥɰܿŮģӰ῵һº˵ˣĻ졣
͸̽ȥɡ
á˵Ҫ
Ůվһ뿪ˣ˿عͷ˻˵ȶʮӣ˷ɾǾͳȥ߽ҵźŵĵط͸Ͽ˹
˹ε῿ɳϵĳ˹ε죬󽻴˵չ˺Լͳɡ
ʮӺ󣬴ȴ˵Ľ̸֮¿˻١ңŰ֣ͷ˵ߡ
ƿտʼڸ߽ŵϵļվ¥ݿڣ׼Ŀˡ˹εվ۾ɨһȦ˳ֳɡϵĳɡæźˣͷߣߵм䣬˴żЦ
ּҳӰ͵ܵʱȻҲüβ͡
ϳ֮ٵͷαװͺ壬˹εתվȺǰˡһͷɿݵĻëüëҲƯ˽ɫ촽ұ߱һɫıǻܺῴ򽻵ˣȻһ룬˹ε˵û㡣
ǡΪ׵˳̺һڣЦЦ˵ͷ˼㡣
ȶֵǺǻë˵껰һ룬Աߵĳ˹ȥῺܿϣ˳ֳϾƿźɫװͷҡղڰƻһϣ˹εſڴֻԶ˳ս֡
ٵƺ֣ܿȻᣬϾǶ֮ͿʼйڶȭͷĿյͻȻ뵽ʲôתͷ˹ε費Ǵ˸ô󶯾
ľŵĸֹܿҪҵı˹εǰһɡݺݵ϶ԷԴ˶ͷܿðѪһֱϵѪһ໰붼ͳ˹ε
˹εһ̧ȰǰС輸ǰߣ˵ϥǡ˼ϵľƿң˹εбųһŲƿǰɹȥźݺǽϡ
ƿĶܴԱ׷῵˿תֱ߹˹ε촽ɡɡ⳯߬ѾõʱҪôˣҪɡȥԷ۾ûĻȥǸ˵Ŀɡ
ײûߣǸаԶʱͻȻһ˴¥ž˵ͷ߬ȭͷݺݵ̫Ѩһ¡ԭɷصűߣ˹ε̧ͷͶߡ
û˵ʱ䣬ùɡȴûͶսֻ֣Ϲ˳ʱ򣬻ᱻסŶԷĲӣ˵ͷҡ
æݣῳճʹ󺰣ûɡվԭû
ȥһ°ɡ˹ε͵ĲҪ绰ˡ
Ͱɡ¶Աߵĸ߽ŵȺߡ
˹εŶԷĲӰϵһߣźԥýŲȶԷСΏλվĨһҲϲţԭɵͳ֮𽥿ʼƽ⡣
Ⱥ˲̵֮ͬ󣬳˹εͷֻڶԷ¶ʱų֣ȭͷ׼Է̫ѨСжקһ˵ͷһϵʱԭڵϵĻëͻȻҲ˵ϣҧס͵Ķ䡣
˹ε֪Ķĳ嶯ɡܣ붼ûسȥëͷҡһѻëѹڵϣõϵɡܳԴȥιȥĻëһߣվתų˹εڣվȥ
˵Ĺ򣬺̵һˣȻڵϴڴ
ΰϱǷġ
ĽǱĳȥ߹һʹһ۾ƽѴţߵԱ߿ʼ绰
һ°ɡӾƽѳʼճĬͻȻڣ˹ε㶣ҲԼ£˳ԱߵʯͷϣǶȣպܿؿڡ
ôô
ڳϵȡͻشŵͷڿӿڴʲô
˹εЦ˳̧ͷҪ˵ʱ۾Ͷһֱĺɫ
Ѫˡ˹ε˵䡣
šӦһʱһ
ҧ˿ӦòСôӦûʲôã˹ε뿪ѣͿ˺һĴ
̧ͷ˵
˹εû¶Щɻı飬ǰһСϥǡΪֶֻմѪɾֻ΢΢̧̧°ͣһʾ˹ε̧ͷγ˹εͷȻһ㿿ƲÿͷѴĶǡ
ӦǲƬˣȥٴһ¡
˻ԭλãֱĨһ²ϵѪգƿߡ


6 
߸ո绰˹εֻ£ͷһۣǳȻϢ㿪ֻ֮м򵥵ĸ֣ڻ
ͬʱҲڵͷֻյϢӦƣͲͷʱ򣬸պøײһ
ûȥˡ˵꣬ת˳
˹εῺͺкڴڶ绰Ӧ׼ߵʱ򣬺ͻȻס
ϴθ˵Ǹˡһڼʻλͣ˶ٲŽ˵ǽǰɣ
š
͵ͣʡ
˹εټһĺûش⣬ʵôˣ
ûô㲻˰æҾȷһ£һ㣬Сƽʱ΢ע㣬Ǳڣ֡Ҳе̫ˡ˹εû˵ֻǱ߿һۡ
ʵúѣȺо˵ͷϵһĻ㹻˹εĥþˡȻ֮ǰҲҹڣЩ˾ϵͳѵ˵¶һ̣ó˴򽻵Ҳǵ㵽Ϊֹ

ϵķȣһֱյҲܣ˹εѴҡһ㣬쵽档ܿ⵽ȫලߵע⣬Ƴ΢΢˹ε֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ۿԱߵҪ⿪ȫԴ̽ȥڿڣȫ
ôȫ˹εתͷֻڴ⡣
һʱѧֻܰͷ⡣
˹εúЦһҶѾѪ˿ڣЦǿһʱǲ˽㣬˵˾Ҳܿ
û˵ˣֻкХķѵİɫٵˡ̧ܣûмĶ֣Ҫ˵͡սͻȻĹ
лл㡣˹ε˵´Ҫֱôأ˴ôճ
š
רѧ𣿡˹εջϳһαþ
û˹εʣῼҲڣװıδ󺺣Ŀ˹ε´һͣͣͣ˵һŶ
ĳɫ͵Ƥ˹εƿߣԴΡԽԽŨҹɫĳ޵ľ޿ڣȥҲͱԵڳȥǰһ룬˹εЦſڣǶûܴ򡣡
صѾǽӽʮһ㣬ƿţûƣ鷿ŵ͸ΪΨһԴ˹εſڻЬվ⣬ͦúֱ
ͣ鷿ЩƣŮ˹εӦһȻվŲֱ˹εЬߣ߽Ь˹εŲ¥ߣƳŻЬ߽鷿Ȼš
һǽǶˣ˹εţԡҡ
¶ܺķСʱ˶һȻ˹εܹûӳȥȭͷϴͷʱ첲̧ɫĭϣ˹εĨһѣָͷĴ˹εһ룬ȻܿǸλÿʼˮ
ϴûüͷš
ţվͣŻʱ·ɫиֽӡͷţϵѪѾɵɷڵĺɫ
Բ𣬽ҵʧ󡣡ͳϿңԺ󲻻ٷˡ
˹εûüڣ;Ͱŵҩڵϴ򿪣óǩ
һ˿ڡվ˳˹εһۣȻ̯֣ϴˣܸɾ
˹εͷҪͽ⻰û˵˽ۣͲķġ;ôվſڣŵ̺վڱĵשϣÿͷȻ˺
̣˹εŵϺܵѪζܿͱԼϵԡ¶ζɢǶȣܿ͵°ͣ˹ε뿴ģͷո̧һ㣬ͱһѹȥˡ
𶯡͵˵
˹εŶһֿʮ͵°ֱͣջ֣¶ȥʰҩ䡣˹εͳֻĻԼ˶˵ðôŰɡ
̡ҩ䣬˵ͷת¥
Ҫ賿ȴûһ˯ţ˹εȺըıԼʱʱĳļ֣ҵ廰϶˹ε˼֣Եô˵
ΰô˵㿴ִǶº֡
ƨ¶࣬ǵܾܵǸɵģһΪԼʲôŻа
Ҫ˵ְֱѹ˾ɷݸ㣬ʡǡ
῰û˵˹εֻͷЦ˼֣ǹġ
ҼҰɣԷ¶ܹҵĴ
Ǹǧѷ꣬ͲǵýôģʼȺ˹εٿ˾ֻ֮ӵһߡ
ô˯ţ˹ε˸̨ϱ紵ĵĴɴӴ̨һȷ˲ӿ뷿䣬˹εȣ̨վ˼ӾͿʼƽʱüͷյˡ
ûУ˹εˣⷿ˱Ӱ
ӦǸճûãͷʪϵ˿ʮּ򵥵ذһ¡ϵİɫtɿ壬°ڿߣ볤İŷƮز䣬﷢͵͵ʣһͷѹ˵С
幷ȸ˵ˡ
಻ࡣԹ岢û󳷣ɰԴزؿڡ֪ǲ᲻ϸջĸɾ·˹εͺ̾Ȼ·°ڣѵˡ
ĵƹϣŶţι΢΢¡Ǻܸɾȫ벻ӵһƯˣǻű˵Ĳײ
Ƥһİɫ̺۵Ļȷʵ벻
վ̫ãֿʼ˹εԼҪطˣҪȻƵٳһ衣


7 
Ǹϳ˹ε˯úܺãõ۵ʱѾʮ롣ֻĻţʾ߰˸δ磬˹εûü㿪ھŸ绰ִ˹
һΪ˯ȥˡ˵ٲͰһȫˡ
˹εᣬֻϴ̨ߣûʶԵҲûʲô
˵˭ûʶǰԺʱǰɣ˹εӵ绰ͷֺ첻塣
šˮͷһˮ˹εڣֻ˵ˣھ͹ȥ
ˢˮϴ˰˹εף˶ñӴϾ׼šߵ˼֮󣬲ŷͳٳûг֡˹ε֪Լôðͷģ񾭹⼸֮;ֻҪһطϼӣ;ͻԶǰ
ڸʻˮ˹εһأ
һͳѽ֪ȥĶˡŻƿתͷҪҪҪҽ㣿
ã岻Ҳ˹εɳϣһ
˵ǡһʵϵĸӦŷʱ򣬳˹εѾ˿Сʱˡ˹εֱվߣȥʱ򣬾½˹εܹȥſ콵׵ʱӲǰѽŴӷ϶˽ȥ
ӦͣɫӦ֮Ȼ˹εôĳ⣬һ˫Ь
վںɫSUVԱߣһ˰ñü۲Ӱˣ˹εǲ׽һľȡ
ѵȡ˹ε߹ȥվţע⵽ͺɫtϵĻҳԼһɺܵЩ̱ǵζ
Ҫ𣿡ͳĬһſʡ
š˹εߵʻλţѾˣƵÿ
ûܾҲû˵Ҫ·ϣ֮ͱһۣԶԶ
͵Ļ˹εûشֻǱ߶˿˵ļҪʱͲźۼһֱۡ˹εƳһͱȻãܹȥˣɡ
Ͳһš
ڿռܱգʮ֮󣬳˹εĥʲôζˣζÿ꣬ȻĹ˾ڽ̻ᣬǹ˾ԱԴǵ˶Ǹʱ˶ڿֻ̻г˹εԼվԶȺĵطűüͷ
˵һͳȥˣȥ˰
û˻ش𣬸ദû죬˹εѾϰȥ޻صĶԻʽתͷ͵ĲӦǺܶŮԻϲͣǵѹѹ۾ʱ򣬻Ī뵽ѩ
Ȼ˹εûѩ
Ҳ˽£Ȼǲǵҵ¶Ϊ˹εһ㣬忿ųţҵôãҪˣôֲ
ҡ˹ε˶٣ָ̧һ͵Ķ䣬˿ѪҪ˿ˣΪǳ̼ŰԱ
һ˵ô໰ͻشֻ֣ûϵ
ûϵ֪ûϵûϵֻ˵˿ѪҲûϵ˹εûʣ֪Ҳش
ص˸߼֮󻰾ͱü࣬˵û̵꣬Ҫ˵ͣ·ҲҪ˵ҲҪ˵˹ε̫ѨͻͻֱŮʼ˵еʱ򣬳˹εְֱѵصˡ
ĶͿûֻ˵Ҳ·
㿪˹εЦֱ۱Ц˵ھͿʼӡҲͦõģһưһӣмӪ⻰Ѿֱָ˵ưˣûشתŶӵȴơ
ȵῼѾ㣬˹εɹ̫ſڵľֱӰѳԺӣڿ֮󣬳˹εЩ˺ѷεĲҽС
˹εѳֵĻˣ
˹εûҡ³бŰͷ̽ȥ˵Ǹ
ǶһʱҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˰죬ҧźһ䣺ϴΰҵķϡ
ῳԱ񣬺ҧЦŹ˹ƣ˳㴵ڡ˹εɡ³һһ˵뿴ͻȻ𣬻Է
⻰˵ˣרǸġϣһۻںȱɳĺǰԴǵ򺶼ˣ塣
ûϣȻΪٵҲƽϡüϥϴ£õ¶ͬˡ
䣬ԶŮˬЦ˹εתͷŰɫĳ֣Ŵ󲽳ܹ
þòûӭ˫ֱų˹εĲӣ۾ţɫŶ˵Ĺ
岻尡ῼֱûۿͷƲһߡ
˹ε§ӭӭ˵ڹ˽𽱣һȥϯ˹εЦ۾ȴֱֱؿվڲԶͣộҲûѰ˼ôվšƺߣһֱͷͻȻҲܾ󻯵ĻǴžһѩ
ɹˣ磬ô˹ε氡ӭһۣȻͻȻ뵽ʲôתͷһȦվһߵͺһ
ãҰýȥӭ˵꣬תͷʼʳ˹εڵʱûмƯŮ
ûС˹εЦŻشӭ𰸺⣬Ŵڳ˹εһڡ
ԽԽ˹ε߹ߵԱߵʱӭͷһۣȻ˵ôϣʯͷ·ôϣҪĥġϳ˺޽ǵͷʪӭĻ͵Щӣֱſߡ
緹˹εûϣǰתƵڣó˼ˣûãϾͰĲһڶ֮ǰ˹εվſڵͣ뻹һ䣺ǲҲûԷ
Ϳ֮ǰ̧ͷָָȾͷķ䣺ûԵĻȥݰɣӦûмݹ͡
û˵ֻǵسǱ߿һۣȻͷתȾͷߡڵĿյ¶ȵú֪ܵͣΪʲô˹εĻһֱðֲһֱӭĵָһµģױ񱻿յ˼ꡣ
еûθڡ˹εѿӷ¡
ǲǸղȵˣӭЩǵؿȻתͷΰߵʱô˵ģ㲻֪˹ε߹
ûϵ˯˯á˹εվӭһۣЦ˵˯̫࣬еͷΡ
ȥ¥Ϣ
á˹εͣ˵繫˾¶ҹȥһˣҸ㡣
ӭȻ⣬Ҳֻ̾°ͻ˾ðɡ˹εߵſڣһͣ˵ˡ
ûӦҲǣǱôԶһ£ȷ˵ķֳ˽ޡ˹εǱߣû߳ȥ˽˹εֻǰ˰֡
վǰ˹εƿţӳһźɫķβԱ߷ӣ϶ˣſڵʱһæ¶վҲǽվֶŰɫϷУϻŰ
˹εֻվŲͶŷ߹ȥ£
ûС˹εɰͰ͵˵֣Ȼ˵׼ˡ
á˵ֵ꣬ͷ׷ŰѲͺз¡
ͻȻģ˹ε鲻ãߵʱҲûӭ˵ʲôӭ¶˵ı飬˹εû塣
˳ʼ˹εͱ۲˵ȥ·ϣ͵ûٿ;˹εۿ˿⣬ȷʱ·ưͻͦ·˹εô룬ƫͷһۡ
֮ǰͻȻһЩϵֻţʹӿڴͳֻͷһ֮˽Ǵ绰ʹʱҲֻǲǻͷȻ͵͵Ӧһ
绰ʱ䲻ҵ绰֮󣬳˹εֳټӿˡ
¶˹εһ۷п̨ϵʽֻ
ǡͿۺӾѸٴһѷ򣬸ı䳵
Ȱ°ɡ
Ϳһۣ˹εʼ磬˵Ҳûʲô¶ҪĻҿԸһ𡣡
ΪͻܾûУһ·ڣʹת򣬰ѳͷϳķ򿪡


8 
ľɫڴɽ·ʱϤ˹εܿϳĿĵһμ͵Ǹ̥һˮӣƬˮϳ˹ε᲻صһƫͷһۣû˵
ȵ˵طͽ⿪ȫŵֶһ£Ȼתͷ˵㲻
뵽һμʱŻĳˣ˹εӣӺ˰ɡ˳һȥǹӿ˹εһ黹ɾĵطվšܵͷͰѳɽżܿ¶ǵĺɫ⣬һлǺ͵һһ˶ģһͬ
͵ͷվ绰ûһ˴ӳ˹εܹŴС򣡡˹εתͷһֵˣƤɹڣüƤ΢΢
ô£߹ûʲô顣
Ƕ˶ӣǰʱͻȻ˼ˣ˵Ҫʸ֤ҾȥãûʱǼ˾ûӰˣʱҲû룬ѷŪιιʱ򣬾ʮֻ
̧۴͵ͣһЩѿڵϴ϶ûˡ
˹εͻȻӦоǵͬʲôûйˣͷյģһտ
ֻվִֻ࣬ʱͻȻú˹εܿ΢ĽëĬ˲֪ãʹŵָ˶̧ۣʣʣķ𡣡
漴ƵĵͷУȥá
̫ܴ󣬴ų׵ĳ˹εѾʼվһߵԱߣƳһŵ˿ڣ˵𣿡
С˵ȥһ
˹ε淴ԸվֳɹĵطɹӣҲҪϳܻȥʱ۷һ裬ݸ͡Ϊȣʣķ˿Ѿɵ״ɫĶһ𣬿˷θ
ͰӹŵţӦŲζͣһ룬˹εָմһĶȻһ¡˹εֹѾ˳ȥ׻һԱߵ˼״˵ǹʣģûԹ
˵ҩ𣡡˹εЩꡣ
͵ⶥգ۾ڷ˺ܵ͵غ͵̧֣ͷЦЦ˵˾û֮󣬾ֱߵԸ߸߶ŵɽ˸һ׳ĸֹܣ
˭֪Ҫʲôֻüվţʲôû˵˹εǰ˼վǰɡµӰס͵ֱۡ
ȥ˹εʡ
͵ûʲô飬ӳ˹εǰƹȥһѾ˵˺üĻȥ
͡˹ε֣ǰߡ
˹εܹȥק͵ֱۣûüڣͻȻתͷ˫ƽһ۾ܵ͡
ǲǾֻǵ
ʾ䣬һֵȴǺݺڵϣ˹εǶһĻ׼ţȴһֶ˵ڡͺ˦֣תͷٿ˵ĸֹܣǰߡ
ɡִʹУҪ˹εȴ˲ϡֻǻƵɽҪըӦʱѾԶˡվԱߵ߹һĻһɳʱûϴĺζγ˹εû㣬ոǾһĻڶ޻졣
СӦˣҲҪ̫ġ
˭ˣ˹εЦһƨ¡
˸Ӳӣ˲˵˺һ˹ε
⹷ȻƽʱģûŪҲ˹ҲǸңƽʱԵҲεġ˳˿̣ͷɢúãȻͶ࣬ƽʱСҲûʲô¶һ߾͡
Ҳ׬˼Ǯɡ˹εĻûĹɨһȦ
ǡ˵ͷžһЩ˺ѷεĿ˹εŤͷһۣæԱˡ
ϵĶһذ
˹ε彩һ£û˵
طһӣ˹εֻ˸طƫһٿСѲ˽ӵȳˣ˹ε˵һϳ뿪⳵ζţζͺٴʱһߣ˹ε;ԼҪˡ
ôһ·ң˹εͷǣѵЬŽ¥ߡ̴ӳһߺһȥЬ
ˣȥ˯֮ǰ˹εֲ˾䣺ýҡ
ڴϣǵ壬ɢƽ͵ĸɾ˹εۣǰһƬڣ˰ʱ̣˯ߵģ˹εȴòٴΰ۾
ֻҪۣ˫ѹѹ۾ͻ֣һ˫۾ô䵭˹εǴ濴˱Ƽмбġ
ʲôǳ 񣬻˵ǲӦá
׿ڴֻһ£˹εûܣ컨巢ֱӺֻǴһ졣
ûɡ˹εβסķ꣬ûմϷҪ˯ˡ
˭ҪϷˣûҸ㷢Ķţ
ûС
Ҹ˵ְФɽŶ첻
졣˹εڴϣû¶ҹˡ
𰡣ͣһ£ٿڵʱø˹εһһģФɽ͡ô˰ɣ


9 
¶û¶ҹȥ㡣˹εӴ
绰ͷĺɤЦ˵ո˭˵ԼûûòҪ˯ģ˹ε˵˰Ҳû̾磬˵ǻ𣿡
ͷ˹ε˵
аɣе£ҵߵýǼҳøϽдˡҪҵĻɣ·
˹εͷ˵֮Ҷ˵绰
ڴϣ˹εͻȻ÷еͷ۽ŵڹⴰͻȻ͸졣վڻܵװԵø룬ûϣůɫϣҶ⡣
˺Ҫɹ̫ģ
˹ε˴ߵ̨ߣץʵغصڹⲼ֮һѰѴߴ۵ĺܣ˹ε۾ƤϵȷůҽҲ˵߹żɹ̫ûϵֻǳȻԴ˺ܲͬ
ķλóϣ̨⿴ֱܿĶϴŰ룬߸¥ұǺ߰͵Ĺұߡһ뵽;Ϳʼ꣬˹εջߣ׼ʱƳ¥µĺɫӰӣǰ¿
ǳҽеİͷڵϵβҡ
ʲô˹ε˶˵ҸʲôȥܱĹˣҪˡӦûβҡĸ˹εЦ˳Сɵ
׺ñӣ˹εƿ¥ߣ̿Щɻ󣺡ȥ˯𣿡
ţֲˡ˹εվڿſⷿİֱɫƤëġ
ӴǽϽ⿪˹εۿתȦİ٣һһ˵õһ١
ɵҲ֪û˹εŰǰ棬ǣӣʱʱͷһۣȷڲڡƤ˹εΥľ鲻µĲҲԽԽ죬ٺҲϬȵڵƵӡ
ˣڸոˮĲƺϣȺܿ챻ˮʪûͣ˼˹εҲûСߵķԽԽ죬߸Ŵӣ˹εԽԽߵİ٣Ȼɿӣʹ͸ֻȮݵɡ
ڳ˹εǰ棬ٶԽԽ죬ɫҰһСȳ˹εӦʱѾˤڵϣñӱƷڲԶϣ˹εۣŴ촭ɵҪѡ
ֻɵܶɣܶˣͶԹı̶ȣӦûֱôţ˹εۣܴĿĹ߲ûг֣һƬڣŹ
˹εգգۣŰԴǰͣ˵˰
ƵĲ񻰡
û⣬ֻǵ͵͵һϥϵָ΢ضһ£ȻֱۣڲԶñӣȻ´ۿʣҪ𡣡
Ҫ˹ε˵ ܵˡ
͵ͷάŸղŵƣʱһһȥ˹ε𽥷Ӧڰ⡣ԭֿʼһ׳̣͵ü۶Ӱʲô塣
ҳް٣ܶˡ˹ε˺öູҲȫʧˣƤϡ
ƫͷұߵĹľԿһۣ˳˹ε϶Ĺ͵ĲƯһֱüǳᣬȧһƬ࣬ҲӰ
û¡˵ֵ꣬ĴָʳָһγһȦߣڿտĲƺһβ΢΢ĳֶĽ
֮󣬰عľԷϸɫűȮȻһܵߣ̫죬ҲûɲסٷԴ͵ְֱ̧ۣ£΢΢
鴦ˣ˹εڡ
ϣشһ򵥵ţ˹εҪȻǦһ
ˡ
ôģͻش𣬳˹εǰ˵Ҫϸڡ
һĬ󣬳˹εͷֵ͵ĸˣ跹ͷ˵ˡ
ȫ
š
˹ε˼룺Ūɣ
ᡣͻشĺܿ죬Ϊ˹ε˵Ҫϸڣͣһ£ŲҴĶӣѷ³ˣԲ
ɲסˣ˹εӲƺմŲмûչܡΪȵ˹εſ͵ȧϵ࣬۽Ǹ߸ߵţһܵĺɫһֱ쵽ǡ
ôһһڹͣѾɾˡ
׼ô
⻰ʵûͷûԣƽϺسһ˿ɻ󣬳˹εһЩЦЦ˵֪طԸ񡣡
һЩ֮ͣͳ˵á
׼ôŪڹ׸ʮֻ㻹Ǹض˹ε֪⻰ʣҲٽֻͣƫͷٺܿ˵ֲǮҵط㲻ùܡ
û˵Ϊû͵ڵһϣѾʼ̣Ҫˡ
лл
˹εתͷ͵ۣһΣ˭Ҳû㡣͵˵ñϵȻñӵݸ


10 
ʵǺߵģѹʶʲôˣһʱҲ˵嵽ΪʲôҪ˵ǸΪ֤ԼǰֵҲú𣿳˹εĲƺϣ΢΢ƫͷ͵͵б󷽱׵͡͸һжԵø룬˵£ǹҲʵǲóġ
˼ң˹εʲôû˵صҡ
ɹ̫ʱе̫˹ε裬Ͳ϶Ϳҩԡ۵ڴϡ֪Լʲôʱ˯ȥģʱ컹һƬ˹εڵ̺ϵֻۣ11
˹εûʱôڴϣһʱСʱļ¼Ƭ˲ʮӾʹۿ˺üα;ӭĵ绰绰ͷӭҪҪȥ硣
첻С˹εᣬе¡
ʲô¶һҪӭԹ˵˵һҵ췹ûˣϾ¡
м¶Ҳ֪
Դ˭֪ȻǸʲôԸӭŶһðɣæ꣬ǵøҴ绰
á
ڰڣ˹ε·¥׼ŵʱ򣬸պӵ͡һʱ䣬ȧϵɫ۽ǵһ㣬˿¶˿ھҲһףҲ˵ֻҪֵ˽Ƕƫһ㣬ͺܾܿͻϹһֻۡ
Ϳ̨ףʣҪ𣿡
š˹εվ˵㲻ң㡣
ЩϵȷʺţͶԳ˹εĿĵһ㶼棬ƽ˵˾ãȻǰߣ󳹵ʧڿ
ְıڰһֶĲ˹εŻƿţһߵСſڣĵҹưҹ궼ƣ̵LED´ա
·ſڣ˹εƿţŹ̨Ʊ̧ͷƳһۣȻѸЦӭô簡ֶӻڵ豸õȻ
û˹ε¥ߣͷһ䡣
ûСƱЦЦʲôʱҲûô簡Ű˵롣
ڶ¥˹ε˸̣Ȼͳֻ˸룬û̫ã˽
·ء
磬ڰ˵밡
˵벻ϣһСʱ㲻֪˹εһ꣬һͣɣڶ¥㡣
ڵȴڼ䣬˹ε˹ϣֶӵ룬ƱרҪҪ裬˹εſڿһۣ˵ɣôþСǽ׸趼ǽ໺ľʿưĹ߻谵ɫŮϣҡε֫Եø
ͻأģ˹ε뵽ⷿͣɫɴŶ䡣
Ů˿ô棿Ц֪ҪɵĶ˼˹εתͷϺЦһƨڶɳϣ˳Ÿղų˹ε¥¿һŮá
ˡ˹εֱһЩ˵¡
һһ߽һ죺ʲô¶
Фɽ˹ε˵𣿡
ֵ˽βŮɤӣһ׸衣µĳƤüë¶绰˵Уרܳ˵
ѳ˹εʵһ㶣һʱҲ˵ͨԼΪʲôҪרŰѺг˵۵Сۣ˹εͷŤһߣӲػش𣺡ǣ¶
Ȼ֪˹εǱŤʲô˼ھưɣܹܲԳӣ˾ƱѴڵľѸϵӦһˣҵʱҲֻһۣ;;죬Ǿ̫ˡ
λɫҺ飬ͶģӰͷһȥ﷢Щ
֪СɣԼȥڹ˾Ǹһߵһ˵˵ǽڹ˾ҪӯĻǿ桪Ǽܰ¶ķֲ
˳˹εһۣ˵ǰծġ
ʱ٣ҰȥСǶĥĥӣȥʱպǲѵеû¶վǶһ
û˵ʲô˵°Ҫչҵʲôƨҵ񣬲һ߷ŸһǮծ𣿡Цһ˵վʮڶ˰ɣǹͷԲ磬¶İϲǰ׻һ첲ϸɸɾ
ҵʱͶһۡ˻ľƣų˹εǸǸڣһģһ
˹εͻȻÿڿʣһСھƣ˳ſǻ
Ҳпǳ񡣡˹ε˵
ͷҲпܣǵʱѵֻһ˷˽𣬾ǸФɽġ
С壬ҾһǸФɽġ֪Сô𣿡
˹ε̧ۣ߸ײһ
˵Фɽ¶ֺݣҲ١
ȱǮ
˵˶٣˹ε֪ھƽѣޱű˲ҵ͡һʱ䣬˶û˵˹εȵľƣȻֵ
ų˹εûס裬ôǸطģ
˹εҲشˣ˹εһĺȾƣذѻⷭȥתͷʼ¥ǸƯŮСʱȥѾѴİƿʿɺȵף˹εһ춼ûԶθ﷭ܣֱſϣ΢촭
˹ε֪Լô뿪·ģ۵ʱѾԱߵĺҲѾ˯˹ȥٻ˹εҡ³ȥʱͻȻһ١
ˡ˾ӺӾ￴ȻѵԱпȪˮܵĻҿ԰ѳͣ·ߡ
ѵصԱ˹ε뵽ƽҡҡͷû¶ɡ
СſڵʱҲûѣ˹εҲû˾л֮³ߡ⼸ȻȥؿĿҲûôţ˹ε˳ڣ÷ࡣ
߹Ȫأ˹ε￴¥ҵĵţǳȻҡ˹ε֪̾ȥŵϵľٲһŲַŵ˵㡣ϧߵҲеĿĵصʱ򣬳˹ε򿪼ţڵ̺ϵĺɫ߸ЬԱߵıЬ
ƾֳ嵽ͷ˹εôվſڶ˫Ьֱ¥ŷ΢˹ε̧ͷʹһ߳ģд˿˯۵ĳȻ
Фɽ¶ֺݣҲ١裬ôǸطģ
ңȱǮ
ϾɴŴһڶѭţŴ̫ˣʱʱῨһ£ġ
ֱŮڿŴͣ
ȥ˯ɣˡȻ˵
á˹εԼ˵裬ҲϢ


11 
˹ε֪Լôصҵģ֫Ĳˣ޷֧ոհϵļ֫󿴵ʲôͣվڳȻԱߣһƽ͡Դװ˺ܶϲ̨뷨˯úܺãõһҹΣһ˯
ƿţȻɳϿֽһȣ춯̧ͷȻ˵΢㣬Ҫٵˡ
˹ε߹ȥţ̣ȵģܵζܳ˹εͷȫȵڽŵĵϡ
СȥѧУȻһڿȣˡ
ϳȻͲվһĻֳǰ˹εѱӷ£ɳϵĸס¼ûκκۼȻ꽡СȺֱ۶ǡôļ
ҲͲ0ɣ߸ࡣ
ȥѧУ𣿡ߣȻ۾ӱֽ¶ü˵Сſڵжʮˡ
˹εͷߵſڣϴЬ
쿼ûΣȥ֡
Ȼû˵ڱֽϣƬ֮һҳ˵ϵδߣ·ϳԡ
Ьã˹εĸ׵˱𣬴ţͣſڵĺɫSUVɫԴǣվڳߵСæɡ߹ϴЦ
û̫˹εЦЦ
߻еġСϵЦݸһӭߣһ˵עû˵أ˵꣬˹ε򿪳ţɡ΢΢бȷ˹εȫվӰ
СģֲԸš
Ҳã˳ܵۡ
ԻǺϤһһأ˵һ䣬˻ܿϣɣһԼ˳һϰ塣ӷСزһţٴʼάʮ룬
ѧУſڣӵֳ˸к˹ε⿪ȫ³ʱ˵ϲӣȥԢס
һɡСȥţɡ˵ңؼסء
˹εۣĺܽ˫ЬСһ˫ͷƤЬЬͷ˫֪ϴ˶ٴεĺЬҪöࡣ
˵ǲǺѶ˹ε̧ۣЦЦ˵Ҹո˵ϲˡ
ϵЦݽסˡ
ų˹ε߹ƫͷƳ۳ߵˣ˵ʲôˣСǽһ졣
ûʲô
ôС㣿㰲ŵλĶȥˣӶͳף˺һСͷﵹ
Ҽô棿ȥĶƨϵ˹εӿŲѧ¥ߣһ̧ȸȥԹ˵ըҩ˰Ҳʡп֪ФɽȥĶ
˹εŲƳ̽׵ĺӹȥ˹εڽſͣתͷ˵㵽˵˵
֪ǿʰ
У˾ҪʼȱֻӦ˿˽ʱ򣬽ǮҪǮѰ
֪С⼸·˶Ǯ𣿡תıʣ˹εָ˵
˹εû˵Ƴ۽̨ϿĭɵĽڣ˵ƹ˾ƽʱ׬ôࣿ϶Щƣֳȥ¡˵СԱߵһֱ֧Ŷ͵ˡֵʱתͷһۣպø˹εײһ
ء˹ε۾ͬѧúΰɡ
ͣ˼룬ŵ˹εǱ߶ŲŲ˿ĭҸһܹϵͦã֮ǰһϷʱ˵ҪͦѲҪһֱ׵㵽ϡ
˵һʮͣ٣˹εһۣЦôҪҪȥ
ʲô˹εתͷźڰϽڿҪİ飬ʼ֪ʡ
˵ʲôѸ첲ڳ˹εϣЦ˵Ȼȥҵûϴˡ
˹εû˵֧°ͣڱʼǱϺҳһ֣Ҳ֪ǲص㣬ôȥˡԱߵĻش𣬳˹εԺߣһаʱβصһš
ҪȥԼȥ˹ε˵
𰡣ǲ֪жġҵ⼸һÿ칫˾ҲȥڼҿңϷҴ椲ݣҶ붨ˡôһ󴮻˵꣬˹εֱӰѳ˹εıߣ˵Ŀβˣ˸ǩ
˹εƫͷŴ֦ͣͷȸ˵㡣
ĵ㣬ʱһ꣬˹εźУſߣ쵽ҵʱ򣬳˹εͻȻͣعͷЩƵؿ˹ε°ͣҼҳǶͣء
ʲôʱôˣ
ָ˭°˰ɡ˹εν˵±Ūҡ
ûԳ˹ε仰κۣ˹ε۷ѧУţ˵˵űųȥǰ˼Ŵϳϳֻ˸ַ
һͦšԱߴ˴֡
˹εЩڵĿͦúֱʲô
⻹ҵһοֳ棬ǰҰֽǰܵò̫ϵʱ򡭡˵бۿ˾յ˹εѹ˵첲ȶҷɵĶС
뵽˫ۣ˹εЦһҳ㡣
˭㳶ˣ챻豦ĸһ¶㵱Ȼ֪̾ү粻ô̫ƽ
˹εŴ⣬ɵ˺һ䣺֪ƨ
ӿǽͣ˳ߵ·Ľγԣ˾˵仰˾ͿѳԿ׵ݸ
ôҡ˵⳵ѹ뿪ȥֱӾ͸ͷˡ
ͣͷ˹εźڼʻλϵģһԶƣһֲСˢˢڸĳйɵػЩ̶˵˾໰ͷǶҿء
Ҳȥˡ˹ε˵
߻ˢأһťһ֮ˢͣˣЦŤͷʣո˵ɶ
˵Ҳȥˡ
͵쿪ʼһֱάһֵֺ״̬ƹȣ˻Ҳ߼˹ε벻ͨΪʲôҪΣԽȥ˼ծ
ңпФɽ͡ǣôγڳȻ㹻һΡ
磬ˡ򿪳ţһȿȰ˵߰ɣ
˹ε˵˵ȥһۣȷһ˵ǲǡȷߣаɣ
ˡ˹ε˵꣬˳
СѲĳ˹ε仰ȰˣųЦ˳
Цƨ
ȥҾ͸´üڵ̸мѾߵܰѳ˹εϳĵزˡ


12 
խ¥վˣҲݿڣżеʮһ¥·ڵŴʱᱻǰĳһ
ФɽŰ͸תͷһƿȪˮӭɹѸֽ̧סڵϵ˳죺ͦ졣Ͱˮŵһߣͷһְ׷
۰˰ֱڵϣĲţС˵˵ͷǲɵˣϵڣɵ˼Ͷأ
׷ЩʣšȪˮͷ˹࣬Ȱ׷ȫȥͲŵ˵ûʲôǵž͵š
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ٵǶȻСӣӰû˵ԽԽϵϿƳվԱߣ󷽵ѵӣҶ֪϶ɶأ˾ˣɵӲŻܻҪ˵ֱȥҰźһߣȫˡ
ͱŲԶֿŵţü˵Υġ
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ܡ˵
Цһ˶һߴһߡ
ǼĸǸɾģǰ˼Ťͷָָ͵۽ǣҪףʡǮˣҸҽԺɡ
ȷǣʧڲֿ;͸о۽ʪյģҪŧ͵ֲɾֻõͷֱ۽Ǹһ¡̧ͷʱŵĲֿѾˡ
߹ȥץűԵŴ򿪣̫Ĺսֿ⣬ҳмѭСָкûӦſָս
˹εӻ谵Ӱ߹վǰ֮ǰСɴ
Ѫˡ˹ε͵۽˵
û˵ֻվſڣۿ
˹εͷſɴɫҩյɴҳһƬɾİɫ˹ε߽һ㣬ְ̧ɴѹ͵ҡû㣬˹εܸܵľнӲ˹εЦ˳Ǻֲ
ܽţ޵ؽš
ﲼҳζһЩ˵ζ˹εһϵζţǱչɹıӣȻ߹ûиܹǿƤʲôо
ȱǮ𣿡
͵ͷû
ΪȱǮŸ㵽һ𣿡
ڣ̧ۿɫͫӡ˹εȷϣȷⳡѩΨһߡ˹εվͶµƬӰǿĺܽ˹εܿؿڣԼЩƤ촽һſ
Ͷ˵


13 
ˣ˹εЦʡ
ûһȻЩرͷ˹εβɴڵϡ
Ͷվں淢㶵С̧̧֣С߹ȥͳ·죬ͷҲصߡֻֿʣ³˹εԼʪյģһʱĸо
Ų˲˹εʶ˸ֿȥȻͳ¥ϣϥϣԴһͳֵʱ˹εһ㶼óԾ֪Фɽ͡
ȻͰҪץСؽֿ⣬ûˮ׼Ļѣ˿ϵɴС֣ޱ
ֻڿڴ˰죬˹ε֮ͨ󣬺ͲﴫѹúܵͣȥĶˣ¿𣬳ȥҪôã
ϹŹƨ˹εŶڵϵɴ̧Ųȹȥ¥ſߡ
˵ݣ11㰴ťɫȻʮһͣ¡Ŵ򿪣˹εǰ˼վ֮ңĵطӺĺüŪ۵ظźţ˹εЦЦǰһһİխ
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ͷӲǰɣӣ˹˵ֹܸҡ
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˵ǲǣֹܸң
˹ε߹ȥæְѳ˹εԱߣǰսţ˹εʺ˵ʲôɨǰվŵļˣָ̧°ϣ˸ĨӵĶ
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ˣ˭׬Ǯ϶ڵһڣѸֹڵϣͣСôҷߵôŪ
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˹ε̧ͷųűЩԥĺü
ϴΣǸھƽǴΣӦڴ˰ɡڳϣʳ˹ε˵ΪʲôôòŽ


14 
ڶϰ˵룬˹εƿţͷɡһƬӰתͷһƽͣյѾˣ۽һСİɫ
Գ𡣡ʹ
̬ͣȫû취ǸۿǸصһ𣬳˹ε̧ۿһش˵ԡ
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ͻڿ֮󣬳˹ε͵촽ڶ
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˵˵ĻҵǸ͵Ļ˵ƽֱ𣬳˹εûһǸ˼
ˡ˹ε̧ۿҲ˵Ļϡ
⻰˵ĺأô˵Ը˵꣬˹εľͿʼðЩĮ֪ԼڴʲôСȵصͷչͶƯĹӰ
Ǿͺáһ̨ףɡڳ˹εͷ˹εͻعͷ˵ǿԳˡ
ϳųٵ˵ľ͵߸ˣ˹εΡתбǰʻλϵͣ棬űĲϣܿ΢΢͹ļ˳һֱ£խĲ
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ʾ䣬ҲҪʣȻҵȻǰøɾ˳̼ңһҪȷëծ˾֣üǳȻԲġ
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û˹εִսһ㣺°ҿһۣƽʱ㶼ûʲô飬ҿܲá
ƵĻ˵һ룬ͺȻתͷǰŵĺɫɲ͵¼䲻ĵɫʼǰҲϡ˹εһͻȻ֪˵ʲôСϵֲ֪ҪҪջ
Ӧͳ֣ʳָ̧һñܣ۹Ծһۡ
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˹εƲ͵֣ñѹ˻ȥ
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ŵ㵽ѧУſڣ˹εƿţ³֮ǰͷ˵¿Σȥ԰
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衣˹εˤţһ໰
ȳ˹εεѾ˽ʮӣӺ߽ȥڵԺ֡˹εԱߵĵ£忿αؿھ
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˹εӭഺżŮǣڲٳϿ˶Էһ۾ݱɸɲһ𣬿ϧΰû취ԼᡣҲͷˣӭָմӹҪһģ˶ô롣
ȥˡ˹εڱϼҪףش˵
ôôæ˵ûʲôҪ¾ȥɣҶּ˵ˡ
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˵ɡ˹εܿѺ˦
ѧԺ¥УЩ룬ճ˹εƽʱٶȣ¥ߵſҪ߷ӡߵıƽ죬ֱӴȪƹȥƺոսˮ˹εһŲȥմһЬ׵ࡣ
ԭһģ˹εߵУſڣվɫǽͷϿʱַʧˡ͵ϣΪۣ΢΢ۣԭٶ͡
˹ε֪ڿʲôأ񲢲ڿʲôͻȻ˺֣˹εͷһϤȻǸЦЦɵվŸ
׼ȥ˹εЦŻش𣬴к֮ſߣȳ˹εո͵ķʱվڹµѾˣ˹ε㶣ĴɨһȦûˡ
˹ε߳ȥ͸ովŵĵطͣ£ͣ룬˹εͷϿ͵һ㣬̧ͷʱһСҰɫǽڵ˹εҲȷطûʲôɿġ
ֻдƬžգһùй¥ϵĴѧУա
ջĿ⣬˹εʶһֱֱײ˵š˹εһתһ˵Ǹ˵һ룬ʣ°ڶ˫Щ䵭۾ʱں
кܶˣе㳳˹ε͵ĺһɫɡ򿪣Ͱɡͷ˹ε̧ۿǰͣ˻վڹŽëɫƽ
ոڿʲô˹ε
ܺûش𣬳˹εգգۣȻ˵ʲôʱȥ԰
Ǻֲܴڵתƻķʽ⣬ʹ󲿷ֻشǻ߲ǣشģҪôǳĬҪôתƻ⣬һⶼ䵭
Գ˹εҲѧ͵ӣúƽͬ𣿡
Χģ˹εƵĺܺãȷΧע⣬Ҳʵ˹εҪ𰸣ֻ뿴뿴ƽһıг磬Խţܻ߸ɴ
˹εζͣκα仯ĵӰͷ
ֻǺƽؿ֮ص˵ͷ
ǡ


15 
԰ûȥóɣһʱ򣬳˹ε˸绰绰˵԰Ǳʱ飬Ҫæдҵ绰˹εϢͣûӻֻǿ۳ص
ǲǾˣ㣿˹εתͷͣҪǲҿ԰ѵ绰ٴȥ
ûСʹת򣬹սһڻһٶ๫ٹջȥϿӦûٵ
νһڿζѡ
Ϳһۣû˵˹εܸоٱ죬ֱһ㣬ͷǱָ룬쿪10ˡ˹εƲƲ죬̱ϣñѹͱۡʵû뵽ͳϵôɴ࣬˵¶ҪüڣԱ˽ܵʱ͵ȫϡ
ֻһ˹εۣ㿪Ϣ˵ùջȥˣ¸ֱȥȥͩɽ
á
Ϳÿ죬ܿ쵽˷ȥ·շվȥĶ
ͣԱ߰ɡ˹ε⿪ȫָָбǰ˫ĺɫܳǶ
Ͱѳͣںɫܺ棬ոϨǰˣŮЦܹóɫβԺȥ˹εţŮѸֱۣװԹ˵ôôæôѾ
ⲻǹ𡣡˹εЦ˵
ɲ㡣ӭҲЦһǣʡҸ˵һԸ
῵ʵˣ
үʵǲͲǰӭһ߰ѳ˹εǰһ߻ͷţڳȫ֮ǰѹӣų˵߰ɣ˹εȥˡ
ӦûǸ˹εŤͷʻλ
Ȼû·زһţΪҪֱӿȥģֻǰһЩȻͣԱߡ˹εһ£Ȼͷ￴
ɫɡڸʻλϣͰѹͣѵɡ
˹εûü˵ʲôӭЦò˸Ŵɡġȳ˹ε˵ӭѾקֱǰߣţʻλϵΏͷһۣ˵Լôôѣ
ϵĳŸ˹εĻش𣬷һߵĺȻͲð̣ǰĽܺܿʧ
ڳһֱ죬תͷվһӫɫĵĽ˵ﲻͣ͵ͷżǰ˹εڳϣ͵ĳĸ죬һʹĸٳڣֻܼǰֱǱ̵ĺ㡣
ļվʮ๫ͰѳͣӦǰ󳵴ȫ֮˫źܵζȿѸӿᣬյҲصˣһǼͿʼðαĺֱǾʮȵֱǣûȥ
𣬾֪类ȵطֳ飬ҲһһأֻûûͷöҵûðŰɫͣҲûеνǶȵȨ
ԭֻϢһ۵ʱ촰ѾɫͿ۱ʱܵúܿ죬ֻ˼ͳȻ³ȴ
ȳ¼Ѿ㣬̫£΢⣬ԭ·أѳ֮ͣ󣬻صҡʵʱס̶ķ䣬סûãҪᵽҡ
дҲ첻ÿյҲȡо˺üе㣬ûôԥͬˣϾһʮкסڶ棬Ҳò̫㡣
ҵСͰѴӶӹʱվſڿװӣüҪ˵ʲôͻͷһۣȻվѾþƾˣࡣ
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õġ
һͳŵʱǹشɫһ㱡Ļҡ룬ѵɷĨóӴͷβһ飬׼ڶʱͻȻƿתͷ
վſڣɫڶʱò̫Ȼվߵſڡ
𡣡
Ŷû£̫̫ȥһˡ̳һЩӲЦݣոɨӲߣðһ˿⡣
áͰĨϣתʱ̻վſڣͻգգ̷ۣӦЦЦ˵ˣ´һš
ˣǴòҪʱãչ̫̫ͳ˹εʳӣλȻҪ͸߳١͵ķ䣬ȫûŵıҪļңҲ͵ġ
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͸Ůߵڰҵֳʪζܿʧˣȡ֮ǺܵľѬ㡣վ¥ݿڣͻȻסȻָָ̨ϵĵ̺Ь˰ɣ
˼Ϳ۴ڽϵ޲Ь̧ѵŲ̨ס
ԽߣǹľԽΪȻϲκζΪ˲֪ʱᵽĿ׼վſڣ̧ţŮ˵ܿƽ͸¶ƣ
Žȥھ޴ĳȻŰɫ£ͷĹԴϣ˿ʲŰȻҲû̧ͷ۾̯һֽ˵ɡ
͵ͷûվſڣͦúֱֻܰӱżȻᷭһļ͵ͷ۾Žµ̺ƯĻƣ֪Լվ˶ãֻȻ͵͵̾Ϣʱ̧ͷ
ϵļ̯ǶȻȴᡣ
˵ᵽȥסˡȻѸֱʺϣʣסĲϰߣ
ȥѾǰˣȻæܰ·Ѿ㹻ˡҡҡͷش˵ϰߡ
Ȼûм׷Ϊʲôϰ߻ҪȥЩ˵ҪȻǰվŵͣͣһ˹εʱûͱ¦Ӱɡ
ûСͶ˶٣ֲ˵ܺá
㲻˵Ȼα¶һ˿Цݣʲô
û˵ˣ̫̫ԼĶӣûʸ죬ǿְȻҲûʲôʵģʼĸֱʣʸǴָϣôö֮󣬳Ȼһοڡ
Ǯ𣿡
͵ͷ˵סûǮܺˡ
֪𰸳Ȼǲ⣬ͿȻѸֱʷ£Ȼظ˵ǾͺãҪʲôĻң
仰Ƕͣûϵл֪к䡣Ȼվ߹Ȼվǰϸϸش֮󣬳Ȼ̾˿ִļͿɫ͵ʳָ᲻صص£ú˵ǣ㲻ҪҵĶӡ


16 
˹εһ磬˲˼Ȧ֮û취ֱߣƨһȳһߡæųЦ˺ܿһ
ӭЦŵĳ˹εֻų˹εֱۣͣͣ˵¸¿Ҫٳһ˹
Ǹջ𡣡˹ε߿ӭǰһСʯӡ
Ҫܵöõ㽱аֲǲ֪ഺܲϯͿ⼸ꡣ˹εͷ֪ӭΪ˶ٿ࣬ΪּҵŮӵȨЩԼԸ⣬ֻҪְͿԱ⡣
ҪҪһ𣿡ӭתվڳ˹εǰ۾ţ˳Ļ²ܻ
˹ε˵һĩԡ
㿼ǶҪǲ˵ȥ˵ӭüһʮƶ˵϶ͬġ
ΪʲôҿУῲҲÿԡ
ӭ֣˵ҸֲһҪǸģǶӡȻʶôãƽʱҶƽżȴ˼ƫʱҲǻ̱ɳϣڳݲ죺˹εá
̼ҶӣζŲǸķ̼ҵļҲնȻҸ˴⣬ҪŬ
˵ɡ˹ε˵
ǾӦ˰ӭͷһۣЦ˵ҾȥҰ
ǰῸڶ죬ӭ䣬ϵЦݸ˹εļ磬ϸеʱҲôɵ𣿡
˭֪˹ε˵ ϴѧʱʶ
ʵҲȫǣ˹ε῵һμӦѧǰȻɶԣ˺ܶ˲μӡڱ̫࣬Ĵȫ˹εñӣֻڽ䣬ȻŸ߽űȺЦƯ
ǳȻʶģʱһĻˣȻҪѧУﻥչˣЦŵӦһһҽܡ˹εȱȱΧߵľطֻкվԱߣȻСĸӵİ
῰һۣ߳˹ε⡣
ĸ˻ƣῳȥ˸绰ٻʱɫ̫ÿ
ɢˣе¡ߵſðعͷӭҲûȥ
ĸ˵̯Ӻܿɢˣϣּ̾ҵƨǹģƶ˹εû˵ڵ̺ңӽĿŻ˼̨ͣĳ׽Ŀϡ
ɣ鸴ӵؿų˹εվߵԱߣһңصӡ
˹ε̧ͷһƵľƣ˵ߣȥ翴
῵ĳų˹εߵ㣬ϵ˺ͳܶࡣĻʱѾϰ˵ʮһߵһԹĴүֻǮ¡
ѳͣã˹εź֣վںɫǰ˼ˮͰ˹εűӡıҲеΣЦЦŽȥ״̫࣬ذϲ֪մʲôֻ
Ļر𡣡˹εһۡ
Цļ磬ǰߣѽͦ˼ġ
ܿ죬һźɫ׵ķ߹ͳһźƱȥ˺ܿ¶Цݣ¥ߡߺܰ˹ε̨׵ʱβȿգ̧ͷһۣûʲôλ˾Ӷ࣬ζУΨһͬ㣬ÿﶼһɫƱ
һ̨ף˹εʺ𣿡
Ťͷ˹ε¶Цݣûü˵ͷĵͻȻ򿪣ϰٸƻεó˹εȱۡͬһʱ䷢ģΧ˵Ļ˹εۣߴǶģ
˹εһ£ͷ濴ʶϵĶ¥жߡλǴֱģó˹ε뵽¥˵ʱλɺɫ㣬ӵѾע
׵ķ˿Ա棬ޱüӳˮܳϴˮϵѪˮ
ϣ۾ڣקק˹εӣվŸ
һϿ߹ĿڴóһӣЦеҪֻ˹εһ۱ϵƬһֻɫĲᣬëұߵһëȦףƷ֡
ߵİɣȻʵͣӮñʵ˵ұߵƬϹˣȥƾҪװ
ᣬ˹ε˵ֻ϶ɡ
Ǯûطǰɣ
֧һѡ֡˹εޣ۾·ڴŵĺɫ֯һӮء
ûзתʮ룬ȥݺҧסһֻĲӣôûɿڡΧ̶ĿֱɫſŲŷĲԱȥĸֹôıǿ졣
ﰡǡ˰βűߵĻƹüòҧ˰ɡ
˹εû˵߸űȥĹ⣬˽¡ǹˣ̫Զ˹εֻЩ͵ıӰ֮ԭɵվŵͻȻסԱ죬Χ˺ܿӿȥ߿ˡ
תϣ˹εܿϳڹԱߵǸˡ
ȥͻȻվߵĳ˹ε
ȥ
¥ݺܶ˹εܣһ¥˺ܶ࣬˹εһ˵Ǹһ߲ߣ׼ŵʱ򣬳˹εŴֵס
̧ͷԭɥıڿ֮Щã˹εͷﻹûĴӣԭ˳ëѪˮһ𣬸ȣﰲˡ
𣿡
߬Ŵӵֽ˽ͣ˼룬ش˵˰ɡ
֪𣿡
Ҫ֪Ҫ˼ҴˡҡͷЦû취һ룬Ҫһ⳥ԭ˵òŪģ˭֪
гҽԺ𣿡˹εַŴӣ̧ۣûȥҸǮ
˹εܵĳҽԺѴӷҵϣҽЩӲ
ֻܾǱ̫ϣ
˹εͷ˵鷳ˡ
ҽʿһѴ̧ң˹εɳϣҲˣŴ绰ִܿ׼ͨʱվǰ˫Щǵشꡣ
˵깷û취
˵ӦҲ֪ɡ˹εֻôһֻûˣֲϹ
ˣв͡
û˵˹ε֪ʲô˼ҪǷ֣˵˻߲ˡⳡԣԷһҪӮȻҪӮǳһֻУҲǰʧ͡
˹εû˵ҲʼĬվſתڵȴʱ˹εŷԼѪӦǸոôӵʱմģѪڣ̡
ŴƿҽЩǸҡͷܱҧˣû취
˹ε̧ͷ͸뿪ţϵĺɫӣôȷմѪͻأģ˹ε죬ǲǾֻǵ


17 
ͦ˼ģôǮվҽԺſڣЩнس˹εЦЦʶӿڴ̣һó
˹εЦһ£˵û¡
ʧʱ̫ãѾʼںըĶ﷢裬˹εϢ̧ͷʱڶڶ֮΢΢̫ˣҿͻȥɣ
еˡ˹εֻŻȥҲûԷذɣ
ûԵʲô
˹εߵԣţУɡ
ҹĸ߼ûʲô˰ѳúż˹εۡڹս֮󣬳˹εͻȻ뵽ʲôƵģתͷûôƺ
½ᡣ˵ļֱͦһЩ
ֱӺֲ̫ãƽʱô㣿
½ǰСʱ򴳻Ҳһ磬ڴˣòңԼܰڵƽͣ½¶ЦݣϵĹչ½ῪĶתתһΧķ꣬Ƴ˵ĲСʣտܳԵù𣿡
ԡ˹εͷ
͹󣬵Ǻܸɾڽλ£½Ҫó˹εˣ˹εҲûôƣһ㶹
ôһԲɣ½
á˹εѵĵתƻ⣬ƽʱҲҵ𣿡
ʵƽʱҲôҵСǼ˻󼸰ٿܶԲ½ֽѳ˹εǱߵɾ֮һŷŵֱߣͣͣ˵ζһ
½ܿ˹εֻǵͷЦЦܿζ̫˹ε˼ھͷ¿ӡ½ῴ˹εԲߣϵЦЩӲǲǲθڣҪȥ㳦۸㣿
ûУеˡ˹εվߵһ˵ת½ߡ
ѻڵңȳ԰ɣ鷳ҡ
½¿ӣۿҪվ˹εǰ水ס½ļ磺´Ҹһȥ档
˵꣬˹εſߣƳŵ½վ󣬺ʲôҪ˵ġ˹εûȥʣվſڵȳ½վ࣬ǰֿʼԾشꡣ
ɫƵĳ⳵չ˹ε֣ڳͣǰʱ˹εתͷЦſ½᣺ٲ˵ҿҪˡ
½룬Щεҡͷ߹ȥ˹εţûʲô¶ϳɡ
ϳ֮󣬳˹ε˵ַ׼ŵʱ½ỹųţͣ˼룬½߽һ㣬˵СƢ̫ã鷳ƽʱൣ·ƻƣΧܰ˹εŵ½ϻŸζζ
ұƢӦõıҶࡣ˹εЦһس֮ǰ̧ͷ½˵궫ȥɡ
ȥսԺ˾ӺӾſһۣŰѿյ¶ȵһЩ˹ε⣬ԽģĵƹԽĽ֯һ𣬵ȷǻ˺ڼʮĸζ
ܿ쵽˼ſڣ˹εк⳵һֱǰͣڼſڡǮ˹ε˳ĴûһƬڰ˹εſվһͻȻźϸŴ汻ƿ
վź˯ڿ֮һЩſĴһЩѹʣôô
˹εͷЬʣ˯˰ɡ
̫̫˲پƣ˯ˡ̰Ьںã̲ס߶䣺㰡֪̫̫ϲϹܣڼҵʱ
أ˹εĻתͷЩɻ󣬶Ӽ֮Ŷһ˵С򰡣ڼң̫̫Ҫȥ¡
˹εͷתⷿߣų֮ǰڣ͸͸Ͼ˯
ⷿΨһйĵطѩ׵¹ӲïʢֲͶӰ̧ͷ˸Ƿ˹εĹģˮҲܸɾ
أ˺һ˹εؿڣûͷȥ
һڣ˹εû͡һ͵ʱһ䣬ںĳȻ̧ͷһۣܵʡ
˹εһŽǰĵӣЦ˵û˼
ѧУӭһδ⣬ͨ뺣йҿƵ֣ͣĸ찦̾Ὼͳ˹εһͼݣտʼҲȥʧ˵ȥ¡
ȥ̧ͷڹصԵĳ˹ε̾˿òҲҪ˰ɣ
˹εѰﻹû򿪵˶óŵֱߣ˵е£û˶ȵᾢ
ƿЩƵؿǣ⼸ôһͳȥҸ㣬ӭѾ˺ü˰
ȷɼԺܻȥɡ˹εתߡ
˹εûдñӣԤ˵δ춼죬¿ƵϢȻǳ˹εϲ߳͡УŴϳСʱ֮󣬳˹εŸеĹ
ͣ£½ſܹһһЦ˵ҿ̫ãΪ㲻ء
ôᡣ˹εЦ¡
֮󣬳˹εÿ춼һȥʱ½ϵľȼβסִٵ˹εʵҲΪ˹εûҵĵط϶ʳƷĺӣ˫ɳ̯·½·ߵʱ򣬳˹εɳһСĶʵĻɫ¶档
˹εֻЦ½ڹתһȦżƷֹ
ڶȥʱ򣬳˹εȥһɳ½գֱ˹ε˵ùģ½ǿ¡ôȥΣ½ڷ࣬˵ʱżĳ֡
ƿƣҲ֪Ȳȵùߡ˹εѾƷϣ½Ƽװ֮һ£ƿɲ˰ҺȲðɣ
˭˵ˣ˹εЦЦ˵Ҳȡ
½Цתȥñӡ
˹εȾƣżһʱһ㣬׾¶ǣ˹εʼ죬־½ǰıϣ֧̣˵ƽʱضҲԼһˣҲû˵ˣԽ˵˾Խ߶
Ը˵˹εӣûȡ
½ҡҡͷ̻µС
Ҳǡ˹εϵ̻ң˵ư͡
⴫ͣ½վߵűͷһȷû֮ϡĹ߱ð½ȼŵ̳Ϊ㣬˹εǰľһȻرһۡ
ǰҲ½ܵͣĳʧ޵˹εԭϵ̧֣ۣĵһЦŷʣ𣿡


18 
½ȵеˣҲпԭϾˣⱲӻ֪ܺȼּ۸Ϊλľƣ½һζ᲻˷ѡ
߰½վҡҡλߵſ½קһ£ͷݷ룬ֶϵ
ģˡ½ڵϣڳ
̲һİȼӳŹ⣬½ְѾƱҡҷЦһ£ҸռʱȻҲǶమ˵ڡ
кԸʲôʱ˵Ը⣬ЦĶҲЦ졪½˶٣Ȼһ̾Ϣִ˴
˹εûӻ磬ӦûС̫ʵű紵÷춯½ῴų˹εüͷһСھ֮ǲǺţ
˹εЦƱ½һ£ЦЦ˵ǺȾưɡ
½ҲһЦⲻС͵ֱ½ᵹһ˵໰ʱǰһֽ˹εϻЦݣòض˵һ°ɡ
ϡˡ½ӹֱֽϣõطȻҲֽܳˣԣ֮ǰҲй
֡½˵
͵ƾ֮ͱ߶ʱ䣬˹ε͸׻Ի͵һ꿿úҷңͶʧܣƲձ󣬾Ʋͷﻹʣ²Ǯ
ܵϣĲڲϣ׬Ǯûöࡣ½˸̣ȼǮ˥ˣҸ㲻ЩˣҲСС;Ūһɧˡ
½³һ̣ٱģţ˵ǰɣ
˹εͷʳָڱϻ˼Ȧ̧ۣôûְա
˵꣬½ƿ۾úܴ󣺡İû˵
͵Ĺϵûкõͻĵز˹εû˵½ѾƵ֮Żش𣺡ͻ˵𡣡
ȷ½ҡҡͷ˵˾Ҳǡ
ʹ˵ľѸ½Ὺʼһο͵ʱһʱֻ֪ǮҪȥһСû뵽ǸӱһͷС
ʹɫñֶöˣҸøްҲ½ƺ뵽ǰͣ¶һ˿޿κεЦ˹εǶ½ὲ͸ڵĺû̫ͬӲҪ˵ĻڵҪһЩ
ʲô¶հ죬ܾ
ǮҲûգϾҲǼС飬Ҳûָ͸ϡһֻҪ꣬½Ƴһۣ̻ң˵Ҳģôˣ׬ǮֵܰĹǻҺдӻ᳡ó
ûĹصǮ˶꣬ǻһһֱڻ᳡
Ƭ˹εϥϵֲԾ߬뵽˵Ҫѹڳ԰ʱǶЩĳĬǴĶˡǳԺģϣܰưһֱĹҪõˣѾôŬû취ء
ͻǸ˵лл
˹εѺþûľƺȵǺ˵˳źֱӳ嵽θͬʱֵĻһᣬ˹εͷ˼½Цһƿƺܿף½˹ε˺ܶ࣬ϲİ٣Ϊһƿˮ׳ܵͣжʮ걻ȥף͡
˹εЦ̱ϣͷ½ὲҲͷһƵʱ½ᳯһ㣬谵΢΢͹İ̺ۡ
Ҹ˵ŵġ½ų˹εüŪ۵ЦЦʣ֪ʮʲôԸ𣿡
˹εžƱҡͷЦ˵֪
һ˹εֲ˵ˣʺϿҹ꣬ߵĳϰ塣
ϴѧ½³֣˹εһ£½Գ˹εִ͵ı⣬ͷ֧̣һڣ³İɫ˹ε½˵ʮԸǣҪϸѧ
ĺȴˣ˹εڶѹʱԼȫǵôġһ룬ⷿĥצ
Ƭ۵Ͷ˹ε۱ͷ˼Ѵϡϴһ£˹εƿ¥¥ߵһ룬ɳϵĳȻɫ˯ۣͷϰһë
ˡȻͷһۣ緹ˣų緹ɡ
š˹εڳȻ棬ЦЦ˵Ҳô
Ȼֻ£һϵʪ˵ӭˣ˵ѧУ˵ξˡС˹εų£ûһͿʼ
ûӻΪȻҪ𰸡
ҪˣЩ̫ҪȷһšȻֻͷһۣվ鷿ߣ׼ŵʱǸʲôƵģ˵ӭ˵ҪȥҾܾˡ
ŶԣҩڳˣԼá
˹εûüش𣬳Ȼתʧ鷿ǰ
еɣ˹εӱһƿմˮͷ͹СƿšϸӷŻȥϳ߹֢֮󣬳Ȼȥ˺üҽƷͬС졣
ʵòˣ˼ù֮⣬ûжš
˹εߣʮ̨ףǰɫţŽţ͵ķ䡣˹εվһת򿪳ţŵʪùζĿӿ˹εŷʳȻҲûóԿס
ȥ鷿ţֻһһңŸʻ￴
ûСûСûС
ƹƤ˹εɫܳ￴˷ĤôҲһƬڡ˹εͻȻϸϸĶ㶣һ
֮һ˴ӳ»źɫĺ͹װ㣬һ֡˹εۣڰ峵ϵְָͣ˰ɫմ˻ңббüϡ
ִϥϣ˹εӼ֮󣬸˵ûñӡ


19 
ûˡ
͵ͷվѰֶǽǵĺɫдͣͣ˵̫̫Ҫҳȥ¡
ÿμ㶼Ҳʡ˹ε˵꣬תͷüë΢͸¶ɻ󡣳˹εָָüǣ˵һǶ䡣
û˵дɵŶƣ¶һСխݵĺ֡˹εһƿߺ˵пΣҡ
á
Իͻߴ˹εվ󣬿ϲһСƬɫ֮͡ϴڼתһ̣˹εѸתſ첽˳ȥ
˹εߵʶȫҩ£ʵڲٹջȥ˹εԼеջ𣬻صң˹εƳ۴ֻǺ
û˵ɣǱеңźҲ̫ã˹εͲӶƿһ㣬һش
ɿӭ㣬˵¶ؼˣ˵ֱȥˡû˵С
ĴţڹЧܺãһƬ谵˹εڴϣ绰ͷͼƯŮһͷɫɫͫһС롣˹εţͷýŰѴĵ̺һ
֪ʲôʱģз棬ƣ˹εŴͷԵͷڱڵʱӦñҪãʱͷˡ߽Ǻܼ⣬𴲵ʱǲСĸֱۣʱҪǱȻܾˡ
´Сһ㡣Ȼô˵ģãֻҪ㹻СģȷʵͲˡ
ڣûôСġ
˹εֵֻͲ׼ͷĽǣһѾ̵ɫѪ
ιιι˹εûӵ绰ﴫ
˹εһֲܿƵһƬѪ˺һŻش˵ء
һˣ˹ε¥ʱ򣬳ЦкԷ鷿Żţ˹εߵɳߣЩǸ˵Լȥͼݸϰҹû취ڼˡ
ٳһ㰡Ͼûԡ˵ר˱⡣
ѾҺһˣҪңϻԡ˹εȥתʱֳΧȹ֣˵ȥС򡣡
ȥɡ˹εŰܼڳǰ棬ЦЦԼȥС
̵ͷֻص
ƿţ˹εߣͷſڣûأ¶һ졣˹εջ׼ŵ֣ſվ˼룬˹εֳſ۾һȥ϶̫խռݴ󲿷Ұʲô塣
˹εһۣʱͻȻ򿪣վڣͷ
ҪǰȥѧУ˹εվֱ壬ͣ͵üϣͣһŽ˵ȥɡ
ǱˣӦûһ䡮ſſڸֻͣͷȻߵȥ˹εʧȣվһ̧ߡȳ˹ε߹ȥʱڵ͸˹εܿӢĲ
ǰ˹εţϷһҩ
Ϊ˹εʱ̫ãڣдӦġ
ᶥţͱɫ֣ƽʱܴtڷ£м鷢ڶǰסüϵ˿ڡųűصָһ£Ͷ˼룬˹ε˵˽ҵķ䡣
ͺգһۣû˵
̺Ьӡ˹ε̧ۣ˵ġ
һĬʮ֮ʹڷϵָ˶
ڰٵҰ㱳ȥ֮㿪ʼˣƷ裬ֻܰ㰴ڴϡ͵ֺֻǵ¾һҪĹ¡
ȻײҵĴͷˡ
͵ͷ
õ𰸣˹ε˳һֱϵðȫһſڻɫŻ۹Ͷᣬ˹εñӣ˵ƭġ
תͷĿ·¶ȣſյ˹εֱǰְ̧ñѹø̺ͣûЬӡƭġ
ʵ˹εֻһ˵ڿͷϵѪ֮Ѿ˴𰸡Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôҪ˵̺ЬӡĳֶȤζԼѳԡ
˿ܻоϷŪֻƽعҵţһ󷢶ʹתƣһתһ߸˵ǵ̺ϴˡ
սٹ·ھ͵ѧУڰСʱĳ˹εû˵ñסüۣᣬ˯ˡĽ˯ܺõˣԴ˯һİСʱ
˹εԴٵľͷҲ˯úܳܣǳ˹εļң˯ﶼԡٿʵڿԲ۾ţצһ߹Ŀȣһߺߺ
Ƶ˺Ѵߵ¥ݿڣͲͷ۽ĳ˹εֱӰڼϡû߼;ϵ˺ڸŻְֻ˷
˹εˣϱûйͷƵһΣͰļûã谵˹εԴƤܺ죬ɵͷҲ߰ġ
ֿڳ˹εϣ£´ָ͸һֻֻų˹εȣ΢˱ʣ˹εһ죬ԴؿڡߵңƿţͰѳ˹εϣתһ졣
ԭڴϵֵڵϣԴ£һȹڴءڷվһߵ˹εǰȥۿȷʵȻüۺͱӶվһȿ˹ε壬ֱۣͼק
֪ǲ̫˹εͻȻüһ룬׵ۡһ£ʶۿ˹εԴԣͷ˹εק죬һصˤڵ̺ϡ
˹ε촽°ͣͳŵذ˹εеһ˵ۡͻûü˵˹εͻȻ̧֣᲻صذüǣȻ󺬺죺ǲǣ
ʾ䣬߬ų˹εӭŲ̫ĹߣͿ˹εָϺɫѪ
֪ײĶˣûܣų˹εŪϴų˹εҪļĴ΢΢ݣ˹εĿתض
ܲ˯ʡ
˹εû˵˼ֽ߬°ڣ֮󣬳˹εۣٴαƽ೤
̵Ѹٻ񣬲ţ·ڣѳͣѧУ档˹εҲʱѹͰѺùݸ˹ε£ǲû³
ʵĲҪʣͶֻǶصȡ
һھùΣڻ˹ε⿪ȫ˵ȤĻһȥɡ
תͷ˹εӣ߲ܿƵɨ͵촽ͺᡣ


20 

˹εһ룬ʣʲô
ǵĳͣĲǵطΧվ˺ܶˣںܰ˹εԼĺ
ûشĿͣһƽ˵
ѡ˹ε˵Ϊ꼶ѧȥ
ֲ˵ˣ·̣˹εԼĿʼðָо֣Ǳҵᾶֱȥҫ۵ǸŮѾ֣ԷֻǶٳûж
Ļô졣ͲְѺҩϣʣҽ𣿡
˹εоԼĴԶ·ˣֻԼ˵Ȼᡣ
ǰݽҵ·˹εѾ߹飬Ҫ߹һƬʱëᵽƮȻ󴩹ţͨȥֱӵݽҺš˹ε͵͵Ĳ⴩Ҷ϶ϣ˿͡
Ǳʳá˹εûͷûԵðһ仰ƫͷ˹εָָԶĹνζһ㣬в˶һζûϴһ
ͳָķ򿴹ȥ˵Ļƽֱһ
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˹εƿţ˼ŷû˹εֳţתͷüվš
˹ε˸͡
վûĽǶȣܿĹߣ̨վһˣƫ֣ǳɫĳ¡̨µѧ࣬һ̨ʼǱԣֱߵСϡ
ӰԺȻûȥΣǿ޴ͶӰĻǰݵĿʱ⡣ڳ˹ε׼ʱͻȻˣ߽վڳ˹εԱߡǰŵλöǿյģ˹εȥʱһȡ
תͷ˫ܺڵ۾˹εͳ΢΢ֱĽëͶһСƬӰ
Ҫȥǰ档˵
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΢۾õ˼˹ε˵
͵ͷǵļһ𣬳˹ε͵°ͺͺᣬٴ͵

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˹εŶһֲԾһº󾱣иΣ
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һЦһǰߣ˺üֳ˹εûҪ˼ΏعͷЩɻ󣺡㻹վǶйΣ
ţһڣͦȤģһ
ǳɰɡῼǰߣ߳Զ뵽ʲôٴιջ
ӭ⼸е㲻ˣ֪ȥǺ֣Сͱųģ㣬ͺˡ
վԱ˵ԽԽԶΪȤǸСֳҰԭ򡣳˹εɡͳܹǰĺڷ棬¶߹üۡ
ţ֪ˡ˹εǿԼһΰȻһֱۣ˵Ͽοٵˡ
˿ɣֻ˾໰Űһͷܡ
ȳ˹εٴο͵ʱѾܽˡ
ͣԶڳ˹εǰվЩٵش˼̧Ĩһ±Ǽϵĺ
˹ε֣˵߼ܹ֣˼ǵԼȾˣ˵Ļֻǰ䣬ûǸ⣬Ҳû˿ҪΪԼ˼
ֵǣ˹εоԼ׺á
Ѿĺܿˡ˹εЦЦ̧ͷͣ˵߰ɡ
͵ͷתվſڣɡſȻͷ


21 
ѧУһеĸһеĳɡͦۡ
˹εߵһͣվԱߣǰɡͣͿһۡ
ɡҰɡһ͵ǣ˹εڸһ촽̧ɡָⲻСĲ͵ֱ͵ͷɿȻʮԾһ˹ε
ӦҲûһɫǲĽӲʼո벽룬ǰӰӱĺܳʵ̫Ҳûкܴ󣬳˹εɡƿһ㣬̧ϿɡӦҲԡ
ڳ˹εǵʱӭͻȻ߹ˣ˹εûü˭һֱͻȻǰһɡ͵Դͺȫûע⵽˹ε˼룬ɡ
῵ۿͻȻڳ˹εǰˣͣ˰죬һ䣺أ
ûʲô飬ҲûҪ˻ȥ˼Ǹ䵭ģ췴
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˹εһͷ̽һ֮˵˾ԡ͵ͷһߵһ߱ȴ
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˹εջĿ⣬ͷ˵е򡣡
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Ҫԡ˹εɡӭǱƫƫЦһ£˵ҲҰ
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Իؼ֮һû˵ҲֹȥҰ֡
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˹εѳƿߣҺ졣
û˵ְֻѿյ򿪣¶ڶȡ
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˵ܻҰ򡣡˹εЦһ£תͷ͵Ĳ˵еģǮ
־òԣֲ˵Ҳҵģġ
ںܿˬֱƤζһʧ˹εۿʹڷϵ֡ڴһǳİɫ̺ۣϸĻȫ˹εʼڸո˵ЩӦû޲ᡣ
߰ɡ˹ε˵
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첻ĩʱ䲻ͳȻԼʱ˹εͲ߳ȻģȻ˴𰸣ʣ㲻˵İɣ
׼תƫͷĵͣͣش˵ᡣ
ĺ˹εųЦ


22 
ʻϳ֮󣬳ٱûǲع򣬵ᴩ·ĦгСγ̥һӣ˹εһ£Դײϳ
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ǲǿ̫ˣ
ÿܻײˡͶ˶٣˵Ҳ䵽
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ߺ졣˹ε⣬һһ
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23 
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ĻתƵĺܿ죬¶Щٶ۵ı飬ץǽϹŵëѹԺ󣺡Լܴ
ô˹εЦŷʣָŲٳˮˮܣԼͷˣȻˮһǴ𣿡
ԭûʲô˿ڶ˵أ֪ǲǳ˹ε̫Եʣ˿ڵʹбԽԽԡ̧ۿ˹εܺ죬ıˣ˺һʶĵһ⡣
ʲô


24 
ֻһյڵţ΢͵Ĳ͵ͷµˮˮ˳ŷڵϣ˹ε
ܰ˹εǿԼҪٿ͡
ܽ𰸣ֻǺص˵ͷתšˮͷˮܳˮͷЩҵˮγУ鷢©壬˺һ˹εԴϸϸ춯عͷʱѾ·
ûɣĲƤϣӡɫˮա
跢ֵĻסѧУԱߵĹԢ˹εͣͣ˵͸˵ҪͨpptǶæ
Ҫ˿ڵĻȫԡﴦڳΨһɣǵĳȻ֡ȻԼұڻ˽ʹʻᱻˣͺȱǮ˹ε֪
Ұﲻʲôæ˵
˹εеջѾѻ˵ôˣҲˣô;ס
˵æǰæȻһۣüͷţôô໰
;ų˹εڲٿڣߵſڣڵˮİ٣һԴ˵಻ࡣٺܸӵĽվַڿذťϣͷų˹ε
ñӣϡ
˹εֻý˵Ҫţˮɹɣ̫յ㡣
˹ε˵;վǶȣм˲׵ľ룬ٺ֮ǰϵĻˮŰػεβͷĲơ˹εúʲôײؿڣǺѣȻǳɢԿĶʹ
ȥҽԺɡ˹εˮ߹ȥվڰԱߡ
ƽֱû˵
˵ҪȥҽԺȥ
˺һͲſ˵á
ȥҽԺ·ϣ˹εȻţ˵ҪͬѧҹõƬҪסڹԢ͸ŰȡӣȻѵ绰˹εרĿͣ½ͨ
Ҫ÷͹ȥ𡣡ȻǱе㳳
á˹εЦ˵ġ
ҽϷɹ⣬ҪһڲŻ㲻Ҫ¡绰ͷ˹εеŮţ˹ε˵ãȻܿҶϵ绰
ٴλָž˹ε֪͸ղûǵ̸ݣ˶٣˵ͬˣ˵ڹԢסҲû¡
㳬ĻҲûʲôӦת֮ȵز˽šΪ˹εα˺һͻش˵á
ȵҽԺſڣ˹εֱңſվһ״ӵŮڴǳܵļСԶ˹εڽһŮüתͷڿ˹ε֮¿ܹ
ôˣȽԶȳ˹εشһۿڳ˹ε͡ƵͱȽԶŰӿ˿̽ͷ˹ε˵Դôһ
˹ε߹ȥվȽԶԱߣ𣿡
˵أȽԶƳ˳˹εһۣе㻯ŧˣҪס
˶ź״е㲻תͷ˵û¡
û£ҽҽȽԶѿִϣߣתͷ˹εѪȳ㿴ˣŰɡ
Űɫ˹εԭվ˼룬̧߹ȥվ⣬˹εûҪȥ˼ȽԶû˵ȷʵѪȳ档һῺͺһοRƬһͷøͷ˵ԴѪԽһĻ˹εθһ󷭹ûȺʣѾܵ俪ʼͰŻ
˼һá
˹εתͷŰ״ӵ̿˹εԱһ˲üȥ˹εͷһۣĿ⴩϶׼ȷڴͷϡ
ڵϣϥǣ˽̧һۣ䵭֪ǲǴ˹εԲ֮øѽӴĿںͳ˹εʱҲûб仯ҲûƿۣôڴֻĿͣ£˶ѡ
ȥ˹ε´ת
ȽԶʮ֮ƿ߳˹εƲƲ죺Ѻʺϵţ̫ˣ붼ġ
˵Ż߹ƽ˵ллкܶಡڵȣȽԶڰ֣Ų̨ܡ
ҽԺͿԭ·أԴϵҩĲ࣬˿ʹڵȺƵʱʶ̧һ²ӡ
𣿡˹εͻȻʡ
ܿ˹εڶͷ֣˵ۡ
ʵԻӦý˲ŶԣںƵʱ˹ε
ֵĹǮˡ
̵ͳٶ˼ɲȫûѾڰȣȫû⡣һƫ·ͣͰ˫Ȼһ仰û˵ķΧȷʵڷı䣬Ƿ·𲻶ѹѹȸС
ҹ½ἸΣȶ˸˵ģҲĹ㡣
ͻû˵
˹εָԾȫαЦһ£İɣҲüŻʲôʱ򷸴ɨسţٸҡ
͵ܳģ˹ε̫ȻЦݽϡ
ҲҪ
á˹ε룬Ȼתͷǰ𽥱խĹ·˵֪ˡ


25 
һ·϶û˵ͣڹԢ¥£˹εֻһ
ȽԶȥҽԺҩͿڣ˹ε̧ۣ͵Ĳ˵ҩҲҪ
ɲûʲô飬ó˹εĻԵúܶࡣѳͣڵͣ˹εһȥԢڶ㣬һͣ߰˴Σ£мʱ򣬳˹εŵǰ˵ͷζ
У˹εöˣŵϵĵӰӳŵз죬ٱĺܿվڽ䣬ӸߣûбڵԳ˹ε̣ʹͷִӿڴóȺ϶Сۣ͵͵˵˾䱧Ǹ֮󣬰קߡ
˷ĵͷζʧˣԼĵӰҲʧˣ˹εվ󣬱ʵʵ˹εĺ󱳵ǽΪ̫ˣ˹εǱ߿˿ֱ͵ָ⣬ʹۿһۡ
Ϊ̫࣬û취㿪
һֱ㣬ֻʣȥżȻվ˹ε档ôһֱ0㣬Ŵˣ˹ε߳ȥ˳Ⱦͷߣͺܰظ
ԢѾר˴ɨ鵽ԭλ˹εЬתͷվſڵֻͣһҡ
˯ɳ˵
á˹εٿת߽ңš
ڼСʱǰʹߴϷ˹ε϶Ǳߺܳ˹εü͡
ҽ˼ְҵһ˵ʲôҲô۷塣ͷĦȭƣ˺þҲû˹ει˼
л˹ε˵㿪
Уүܱ갡Цԣ˹εûϷװ֮׼
ְҵѡֹȻһ˹εûôͻʤмΣ˹ε񵯵ʱѶըһƬ⣬һж˳Ŵʮѣ˹εǱ˵ĻϺͷϵĻͲʧˣͣ˼룬ߣѲˣҰҪˡ
š˹εϷгȥʱ䣬ѾҪʮһˡ
˽СʱϷûһΣҲû˵ҪԷ˹εе㷳꣬ü̵Ҳø졣һѽѸߣ˹εصϷժŵúᣬͼһĶ
û졣
ò˰ɣ˹εվߵúܿ죬ƿšûпƣѹѹһƬ˹εſվһߵءţķܴ󣬺صĴ紵ù񼴽ַߵ
˹εӦڰǰ˼ڻ谵£ԭӦ˯ɳϵͣڵڵ̺ϡ˹εվǶֻԼ´˹εǿڡ
ͣ
ûӦͻǶ˹εŵ̺߹ȥͻۣ°ڣӴ©ĹϣҺ壬˳űǡ͵ľ˵ԼԱ߿ôã÷ˡ
˹εֱ֣͵ļ򣬸·ҲܸܵЩ쳣¶ȡָմ͵Ķͷһֱ۵˺Ȼ̧ץס˹εܴȶ̵ĳ˹ε֡
ۣɫͫײӰ󻹱߬ţ˹εͣͣ˵㷢ˡ
˹εĻ͵ıЩͣɿ֣ŵذؿһߵһˮ˹εűӻصۿͣ˵Ҷ¸㵹˱ˮ֪ǲҲҪ
Ϳе£̧ͷ˳˹εһСȵҡҡͷ
˹εϢ˴룬ˮݸͣͬһʱ䣬׼վײһ𣬳˹εñӵֲȣһбӵȥˮһ
ûյ˹εѾʼ۵ڽűߵĲֿɵû͡ϵˮ࣬tմŴƬˮգҲУԵ˺Ǳ˹εȥ˼·ûƻûصѾɳϣس
˹εߵǰСȰ͵ϥǣ⼸ǹ¡
·ˡ
ͷӦһ̧·°ڣѵ֮俴Էûʲô˵ģ˹εɨ͵ֱӰ·ͷϡϸڹεԴϵ˿ڣͺһü
˹εջ֣ϵıӣһֵ֮һˮת߳ʱͻάŸղŵƣ·ôͷϣеɵ
ܲܺúúˮ˹εˮͷʡ
ͺصͷ֮Ȼ̧֣Ĵָ᲻صزһ³˹ε°͡Ŵ⣬˹εƳָˮա
Ūʪˡ˵
Ӧþô˹εظоԼָʼ飬˳ĳѪһֱϣ󵽴ﲻͣĳλ
̸ʱǲǾӣ
˹εͻȻ֪
ڶ㣬绰ѣʾ̾磬֪ڼ𣿡
ϵһǸ硣
ĸ
ڹ˾Ǹ˹εֽӽͰҽȥǮղԼ˽һǹ˾ҵ̡
ûȫѣԺһٹҵ绰ʱ򣬺˹εǱߴϡϡˮ
Ͼϴ谡С߶˹εûͲﴫһæ


26 
˹εһ̵ܶΣû¶ֻһָֻ֣޳ָڲŰɫɫֻĽףȻ˳ϣСȣǣͣؿڡ
ḷ́ܶΪ˹εܿʶ̿㱻Ūʪˡ
绰˹εȥԡҳˮˮ϶еۡ˹εֻ֣һϵİᣬȻѵַֻصߣȥʱ򣬳˹εƳϵһСƬɫѾɵˡ
˹εԼĺ󱳺ʪˮûȫɣҲǱʲô˹εûü룬һѰѴߣһ֮ǽǡ˹εڷվһֻڴתƿš
תͷ
ϴ챻Ūʪĺɫt˹εԴϵǼɳϣ롣
ûʱ䡣̧һȷϹǽϵӱȻ̺ӣʣҪ𣿡
ָԾ˹εһ죬ͷԼ˳ԷվֱһЩȥϵĳԿףҪ߹֮ǰ˹ε˵㲻øţ극Ҫȥĵط
̧ͷĿ컹Ҫȣ˹εԼеվסˣӿŲſߣְŷ֣ͣ˼룬˹ε˵ǵýȥҩ
أͶ˵á
ӳȥģ˹εվڵݿڴŵһ˹ε̧Ǻ֣Ŵ˼ݵʱ򣬱һ֮˳߹ոմɵֿʼ˹εûлͷȥֱʲôͷϡ
ñӡվѣӦǾñܻᵲסߣ֣Ƶ˹εǰ棬ֱ̧һñܡ
ܰѾ㣬ԭ·أ߽š
һֱ߸ŵڵŴ򿪵ʱأݼûˣ˹εվǶûֱҪϣ·Ӧֵһ¡
˹εڿȹһֱʮ룬ȵϵ꿪ţ˹εŹȥʽɫΪˮıúܵ˹εڰԴǽһ
ʮһʮ⴫ŲȻŴ򿪣߽һߴǷһ˵ڵӵва
Ȼǳ̼ҵүźɫµ˸߽϶ЦݣڲϵĴֽػΣҵĵط¡
˹εֱһ㣬þưǰľƱƸ϶Ц˵鷳ˣĻܹ
̫ˣеģܸԶٷǳǡ϶˫ֽӹƣһСڣų˹ε˵ҲбǮղļҵծ
ȳԷɡ˹εָ⻮һ±أġ
͵ãܿ϶ҲÿӼ˼ƬţڴǷֳԴһδѵӡ˹εͷ˼ڣͻȻ뵽ʲôƵĿʣ˵кü飿
ǣɣҲмʮˡ
˹εһƬ㣬մ˵㽴ͣΪǱǮŵʱȽϾãܻ̿ȽϸӣҲûҪϢûС
϶̧ۿ˹εŽǺ˵Ľĩζü
Ҫ⡣˹ε˵ȥǮղ費̫ˡ
ҶҶ϶Ʊ˹εһ¡
˹εͷѾƺȵͣͣ˵Ӷ⣬ʶˣ϶ǿ׵ģϣܸҼɵ㶮µˡ
Դǳ̼Ҫծܲ־Ͳ֣Ͼȥ϶ϻôãػ֪ģ¾ƱظҰģҸʱҲˣֵµ˰¾Բ鷳ġ
ҪЩء˹ε˫£ţϥϣĵ˵Ҳ˽һµϸ˵䲻ģʱʲô£Ҳ֪ȥĶ˶ײǣ
϶ͷЦ˹εϸ
Ķʮ϶ĸ˵ı˵úϸλö޲ø˹εڵͼϱ˹εЦʱʱͷ϶Ͼơ
Ŷԡ϶һ±ӣһФɽġ
˹εһ£˹εֽھϡ
ǿҲ٣¿ףܶ¶ġ
ͦõġ˹ε£ƽʣء
׼ɾиϵǰˣ˵ֺݵҲû¶Ͼǣ޹ҵġ
Ӧʺ˰ɡ˹ε϶Цһ£ɵСĵ㣬ʡıԼߡ
϶˸̣ɫܿƮЦЦҡҡͷ߲ˡ˹εûӻֻ¶һЩģ϶˿ֱ̣ۼ˵ǰ꣬һеģеֲ岻Ĺϵ˵Фɽͦãۻ᲻ɡ
˵϶Ц¶һڻ
ҲûɶֻҪɻҾ͹ܲš϶˵̻ңƲȥдγȥɻФɽŹȥģ˼Ǯˣûϡ
ФɽǸͷˣˣ˼ҾǮ·
ҲǸˣ¶͵Фɽףüأҵʱ޲ðǰɣҺһ룬ŪǮҲزծ
Ūһָ¶Ҳˡ
һ֧ȼһ룬Ʈ˹εǰ϶Цҫԡ˹εͷ˳ǣ̧ͷʱСȵһü
˰ɡ˹ε˵Ųߡ


27 
˺˾ƻͻúܶ࣬ƿ¶ǣ˹εֵƿʿɣ϶һ߰˵ȲһָԼϡ϶˺ܶ࣬߼˳Ҳ˹εж϶ƴһЩϢ
ФɽǰѽСʱûգϵܺãʱФɽǻСʱǮӺߵʱФɽҲ֪Űڴſڵ˼ʮӡ»Ⱥ㣬һֱ˯ĺҲ˲٣֧ŶԱż˵·֪
֪϶ĨĨߵͣɫûҸФɽ˵Сʱ˵ʱϵı顣
ʲô飿ԭһֱĬĳ˹εͻȻʡ
϶һ£漴Ц˳ô˵أͦġ
˵ˣŶˣû˵ļҵأ϶˵ҵϣҺǰ׼
˹εë֣Ȼ˵¼ңĿ䣬ͷˮĺǺˮһӣһֽһ̧ͷ
ֽ϶ϳתͷ˹ε˫ֱǰΪ׵㻰ѸǶˣⲻʰɣ
˹εñӴϣҽŽż̨ףûôΪ˼ʮӶȥײĿҵǽ
ҲǣôͻȻұڵĵϸˣսһ㣬ʣǲʲô¶ץˣ
۾øӵƪд𣿡˹ε
һ̫Ƴһۣǹ²
ͣɡ·ͣ˹εǮ˳˳Ŵѧ·ϵǰߡͷҵʱ򣬸·ƤҲɹ÷̡·Ǻƣ˹εڰߺͣ£бǰվһ£ŮһͲǳɫı豻ɹе㻯ˣչȥһŮһһЦ
ͺʺڣ̸֪ʱǲҲһ졣Ӧûȸ֭ɣϴ͵ʱһ˼۸ĿһܱˡʲôأˣƲȥ԰ˮ֮ġ
̵ˣǳ˹εûߣƬͳֻͨһ롣ʾһ¾ͱ
ι˼룬͵Ͳﴫܵͣûʲô
ȥҽԺ𣿡
ȥˡ˵ճ
ոǶѾ߳Զ˹εֻܿӰиǣŵ֡ջĿ⣬˹εۣŵԼֶֿӰӣͣͣС˵ҰɣѧУſڡ
ûԭڵ绰ͷ˵ãܿ죬˹εһ
û𡣡
ûС͵е㶶ڻȥ
г¥ͣȥô˹εô룬Ȼ˵á
û̫ãʮ֮һɫγڳ˹εǰͣ£ʻһ㽵΢ỵ̂ͷ
˼Ϳĳ˹ε˶٣˵Ⱦˡ
ʵãҽԺ빫ԢЩ룬򳵵Ļ·ϲģҲýʮӡɨͣ˲ٺ󱳱ʪķҲƽʱҪҺܶࡣĿ⻮ʹϵ֣ǺƯ֣ԵʱŻһ۾ע⵽͹ǽ΢΢ͻָ
еá˹εʼûӻĿյ¶ȵͣڷڵѬ˿Ʈϵðȫ˹εα˵졣
Ͷߣ˹ε±ӣҲתͷ֪ǲǱ̫ɹ÷Σ˹εԼĵӴ˺ܶ࣬С󣬲Ҳ٣һ
ǰôģھʹô˹ε̹Ȼ̹ȻмӵĻ㱡Ӳקǰվڱţ͸ŷ죬Ӵſ߽ƯкŹվţͷϴŰñ˫ֿտգڴСӡ
ס¥Ǽ䡣̧ۿ¥ϴ򿪵ţԱߵĹܼң𣿡
Ҫʲôֱ˵˵ѧôҲûѧᡣ
𣿡
ͻعߴӳ˹ε뿪ɿɲ
ЩӦӦˡ
ôӦˣ˹εڿȻЦ˵𿴲ˡ
ϰҪһӦΧûͲһţѸٴڳȥ˹εͷķ֣ϵЦݸ


28 
˹εûʲôӡ
ÿ춼һģʮ֮ǰڽı󣬵ʱ򣬹ܼһڲһѾ޴ɳ̲ɡϣһߴյ磬һ߿ⱻ紵ƵӾء
ûи£ûбʪ£ûб¶ɹ̵ƤԴǺĽΪ˹εΪѧУΨһһһֱӵεˡ
Ǹ󲡰ոǧףڳ˹εԱߴڴͷ͹ƿȪˮ
⸻ҪҪ˹εƳһۣգۿһЦҡҡͷˣ̫鷳㻹ԼŰɡȷʵͦ鷳Ϊÿηٳȥʱ򣬼˰춼ֻڷ˿ˡ
һʮӹȥ˹εЩϤľɫͣһŤͷͣǻؼҵ·
ǡ
˹εװȥ͵ƽĲҸո˵Ļû𣿡
ˡͿ۵̱֮󣬡˵Ҫ졣
ٴһ£˹εͻȻԼԭҪ˵ĻڻʱͻȻ˵ȥϰ١
˹εһ£Сȵƫͷһۣǰʱ򣬳ȥ涼ϰ١
˰٣㻹˭˹εʡ
û˵㣬ȴ֣ЩĪذ¶ȵĸ͡ʵǸʳڵһ룬˹ε͸еڣ̫ɷ羰ˣûӡͲشﲻҪһ𰸡
˹ε⣬ϵָҪ˵ʲôӦûø
ܿ쿪סլſڣͰѳͣԱߣԼ³ߡķܴ͵±紵ùһΪ˹ĺɫ˻ûӣ˹εͿʼģڳʼεĵֱ
ֱ˹εһȥȫƽ˹εźɫ޲ֱڶΣ˹εȥʱ͵İԴ
οƣǱװĳڳ˹εӦЦģΪٵǰͻȻأͷһҪǰ˵ģű򿪣λܿ챻ֹ
Ľ಻ࡣܵ͵˵
ЩԸغһԴյ˹εԱߣ˲ļ򡣹ɫ˹εһۣҪϴˣɡ͵ͷûתͷͲ˽ţðٵɳϣܸˣͷ˼Դڳϡ
˹ε֪ҪȥĶֻó˺þã¥ԽԽԶ󳵴һ룬ٰԴȥᡣ
͵Ÿոտʼ˹εѾʼÿˡ
ʻɽ·У˹ε⿴Լɽµһˮôˮ壬ǳɫĹ⻺ڱӾؿֹⲻһʹ֣ƵʸҲɡ
û꣬𽥱͹ĲڵͰѳͣ£˹εתͷ𣿡Χĳֳ˹εвֲﳤһ׶ߣ˹εҪڿ³ʮһȵʺ
šӦһ⿪ȫȥǣİ١
³˹εһۣʱһƿţŲڵϡϣûвȵʺζҲܺţűɹζѾܳԶֻԼڲݵرĵİԴ˹εЦڷ𡣡
ǰɡվ࣬ɡ
߳ƬѹȸеĲݵأָոտƬˮվżˣһ˴磬ͷſزñһ¨ͰɡݸȻֱǰߣˮQİ٣΢΢ڵϵİ˵
ųЦЦŴ¨óһСϣҲȥűϪˮʯͷһСѹ
𣿡תͷ۾ţϪˮġ
ȻʳݳޣڽһƬأڻר˰õ߹šԵˮҪں̣С͵˹εֱߵġ˹εɡ߹ȥۿʯͷϵĹϣǳɫ֭ˮʣմһ֡
ˣԼֵġſų˹εմźֱۣ
е²̨˹εЦ˵ãȻԱߣɡڼϣһϡȻûź˵ģÿһ϶еúܴ󣬳˹ε˰죬ǲ֪Ķ졣
ǳİɣ˵˾Żɡ˹εûüͣ͵
˵
۾ĺܴ漴ü˵ɲʲôСë˹εŵͷŴҧһĹϡȷ𣬻ģһȥ֭ˮմĳ˹ε϶ǡùɡҲͷ
һϳԵĳ˹εǱ̧ͷ۾ſºӵİţ˹εֱĨĨϵˮ𣿡
ûС˵þûˡ
˹εûٶʣĹϣվȥӱϴ֣ˮҪöָ࣬ⴥˮʱ˹εʶһ֡
ʱץϺվԱߣĺ棬õĻȥԱũֿʮ߿һ
ץ𣿡˹εʡ
׼ش𣬻û˵ڣƳԱѾʼڵЬǧǮЬŤ˵Ķڵϣ˹εѿȾһֻѾˮ£˹ε̧ͷ𣬺ץ𣿡
˹εӦϴϵĹ֭ɵŵĻơ
ץͻش
ŵֶ˶٣Ѿߵӵİţ˹εıЩΣԥҪҪЬϵʱһֱվŵͺȻͷ⿪Ь˵Ұ㡣
ܴ󣬳˹εվںˮûϥǣѾʪû˵ѣϺСεֿ죬üѾˣȥóʱȴֻץһѻˮݡôΣ˹ε𽥱÷꣬źͺ󱳶Ǻ֣ˮݶûץ˹εһѰɡ˦ˮϣˮһ
ߵˮȫûע⵽˹εǱߵĶϵ·¶ֺزˮ棬ĹͶϣ͵ü۶յú
һ룬˹εͳˮĳһѸ֣ϰѹˮʱˮ˳°ںµΡӦץˣ¶ܵЦݣ̧ĨƤϵˮȻתһ˹ε߹
һֵģյĸ£ʪ£б¶ɹ÷̵Ƥ
̯һֻϸĺϺɫģ͸ԴػΡȳ˹εȥϺ͵һͨһˮƺû뵽òץϺôӵˣͺգգ̧ۣҪƮԶɡݸȻ˵ץһֻ
ɡʪٴԶ˹εĽͷͻȻˣǸֻܵСϺһʧġ
˹εɡصߣ˸ʵĽǶ¿ͣûöãץһֻת˹εֵ̧ʱ򣬰ĺӱͻȻһ˵
ͣ һΪˣ㰡
˹εعͷվһˣƤڣƫ֣һгߣɿ߬ŵ֣СϺˮ˰߹ȥЦ˵û㱻ڡСʮ˰ɣ
û˵Ҳ⣬´ͼȦʣôˣ⻰ǰ㱻ôǮ˼ߣ϶úܺá
ϵЬʹ۵Ьϵ˵ԡ


29 
˹εһμ;֪٣֪ٳ
㶼֪ʱǿ㱻ߣжĽͲ˵ƲƲ죬תų˹εָ̧ȻôһɫγüˣװƤЬԺȥˡ
˹εЦһ£˽˵һǮ˼ңǿģʱӸߣƯһ۾ͱˣҡ
ǻ¡ͺȻڴϣǰһס˹εİӣİɡ˹ε͵ı飬ֻĮ
찡òͣͣٿڵʱɫЩΪѣôҲûпԺе㲻ˣ˵䲻ģ˰ϸ֦żҲûѿǣ
Ϊʲô˹εǰˣ¶Щɻı飬ϸ֦ˣԺҲûʲôϵɣ
Ӧû뵽˹εͻȻ˵ֻǶ˹εŤͷֱۣͣ˵㱻ԺƼģ
תͷų˹ε˰ΣСȵҡͷ
Ǿ͸ԺûϵѽԼĸ˹εЦ˳䡰ԼҧĺأͷͿվڶˣЦ˵˵԰ɣ
ˮٱüںϺı˿ʼϰѯʶԷץ˶ٶЩ;ôվţֻг˹εٺÿֶĺӦǲԸûȤ˺ܿгˣԶ˹εӣڵϲճڽϵɳӡ
ת˹ε̧ͷһʣôôЬ
İסվһȻߵǰת͵ļ򣬳˹ε㶣սһ㣬ʲô˼ܾ̫˹εؿһ²ӡ
ȥһš˵ұ㡣
˹εͺñѷԼЬ߹ȥٰ֮ЬϡԼȥٰ֮ȥȫҪء
ִ̧͵ļ磬˹εſϣЩ޿κε̾С˵ðɡ
͵ֻֽų˹εȣȷ֮ʮɵվӱߡ͵ıܿͷеˣ˹εֻ͵ǰȥ°͵͵ļѡ
ߵӱߣҪ˹εսڻε֣͵ļ磺ôһ¾ˣȥ̫鷳
áͷĺˮѳ˹εĽ׺ͽŶɾվߡѳ˹ε£ۻȥϴ֣͵Ĳ˹ε˵ʵղҿԼЬȥϴš
˵꣬ϴֵĶһ٣ֹ˼룬Ͱϴɾ߹ڵϵЬְմЬϵĨ֮󣬲˵ǡ
㣬̫ɽס˹εɡֳֻ࣬ʯͷϵСϵˮɵʰãվ󰲾ĵȡû⣬ǰˮɫԢڹⴰ
½˵ְǸͦõˣ֪ȻǰôǮ˹εЦһ£ûлشڳ˹εԤ֮Уͣ룬˵ȥӦöƷ֣ҪǮ֮ӦҲһʺܴķá
˵˹εڻعͷȥ˵ϵģ˫ܺڵ۾˭ûƿߣǺʮ룬˹εЦ˳п˵ְ׬Ӷܶడ
ųȻô꣬˹εҲǼʶˣĳûȥ̫Ķĳ̨˹εӮ̨ϵ˵ģҪ˵ˡ˵̣ܲЩ˺ͶһӳʼԼһͲԼƿصġ
ĳ˵Ͳܣ˹εҲܡ
ͱܿ˹εߣ޽ںӶĳϣĬʱܾãõ˹εΪԶῪ˵ˡ˹εҪվʱͻȻˣѹúܵ͡
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Ȼ֪ʣ˹εûסͣΪʲô
ͳ˹εȥһСûʲôػش֪
ܷ˵İٲ֪Ķ˳ʪĹ࣬˼ݣһͷһȥ͵ȡԴ̧֮ۿų˹εʣ𡣡
ȥ·ϣڱӰ˹εͷα·ơʵͱǮ֮󣬳˹ε֪鲻ԣ벻½ʮ䱻ǮȥԸܲ˵
˹ε޷ƵתͷһۣһۺԣԵѸٱͷ߲֡ĹӰͶϣó˹ε뵽ھ޴ˮľ㡣
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ڷϵָһ£Ϳһۣ˵ҶϹ
϶Ĵһ£˹εûٶʣŤͷ¿⡣ԸͶ˵ѣ𰸸ҲУҪôʵظһĶµĻش
һСʱ󣬳ͣڹԢ¥£û³򿪳˵ҰѰͻȥ˹εͷִų֣û
㻹𣿡˹εʡ
Ĺߺܰ˹εֻӲͶĹ߿͵ڰеʱú붼Ѱ
͵촽ſһ㣬ţ˹ε˵ŵһڡ
ʱ˹ε˵Ȼһڵʱ䣬ô˵Ӧǻ˼˹ε˳ҪѳŹϵʱͻȻ˹εԴ̽ȥźİ˵˾ټŹš
ų˹εʧڵԪ¥ſڣͲţ̴򵽵ס
찢ľˣڳҲûQںͱҪûˣͿһְ̧ۣѿյص򿪳ȵķѸռᣬ׵˿ʹͰɴ˺õǰ̵ĺɫѪһڴ
ܿ쿪辣Ϳŵĵơѳͣ⣬ǣŰ³İ٣ʹʱˮܸոšŵҵͻȻƿվſڡ
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30 
վ鷿ſڣ̧ߵţʮȻŽȥ鷿еĵƶţȻǳɫڰ칫绰߽Ҳû̧ͷ
ˡȻĸֱʣָ̫Ѩʣ¶Ѱ𣿡
绰ͷ˲֪˵ʲôȻƫһͷ۸̸£Ļͻʽ̸ɣȰҵ˳Ȼͣһ£꣬ĵĻͶһСƬɫ⣬Ƭ̹һ˵ͦȵģȰѵͣ˰ɡ
˵Ȼѵյ鷢𵽶󣬡
绰ҶˣȻֻα̧ۿվ鷿мͣ˹εڿΣȥˣ
û˵ĬվǶ
֪ǲ˵Ȼ˿ˮѼƵһߣ棬Цſ
ⲻѻش𣬳˹ε̿ǸһպصԼȥԷ˶ãʲô֪˻ڵĴ𰸣ͶŽ¸ӵĵ̺ƣͣ˰Σ˵֪
Ȼصͷû׷ʣͷҳı棬Ǹ뵽ʲôƵ̧ͷͷˣ
š
ôͻȻ뵽ҪͷˡȻˮһܸȤӿ
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͡Ȼ֣ɤºͣصľ㲻˵ѣŵ㶼ˡ
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û
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ʾǺ֣˹εͷ컨壬ֻ죬˹ε½ֻͨһߡ
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ӭǰʶʱӭ׼ϴѧ˹εȥּͣҪӭѧУʱıƵӭôûסԼĻϷŴӭӶˡ
ɵˡӭɳϣͷ졣
ð˹ε˵
˿佱ԼŮĸǸ˵ģ̧°ͳӭЦû˹ε˵ͦõġ
衣ῲ廰˵˹ε˵ǻá
ӭø죬͵͵Цŵĳ˹ε˳ϣҧ˵㡣
ӭͬһѧϵýȻûȷϹϵΧ˶Ĭ£ʱˣ˹εԼˡ˵䣬Ǵӳ໹Ǽ
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ڳȥǰ˹εָͷţԿ׷ſڵĵ̺棬ԼŽȥӴ򵽳ʼ˹εһֱֻһֱȵ˻Ҳûյ͵Ļظ
վ·ߣ˹εֻĻʮ°ȥȻŽڴߡ
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һΪ㲻῿һۡ
˵Ҫһ𡣡˹ε䣬ʹһӣ
ЦЦ͵㻯ױƷϴģ·Ҫȥµģû취
˵ӭȡƱĿڳ˹εͣһƿźʣǻһȥ򱭿ȣ˭ȣ῱Ʒ֣ӭ˵Լòˣ˹ε˵Ҹһ𡣡
ߵ̨ӭ˵˹εվԱ߰ѿݹȥǮ֮ɳϵȡʦֳ壬˰¶ӣȻﵹ
֪ˣӭ˳ų˹ε߿ڡ
š˹ε˵ҵġ
͡Ѽͷϵīͣһӭ˵һΪ㲻ټء
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ӭתͷų˹εû˵
һҺܶطĲλϺ˵ʱһӦѹҺһ
ȻȻ󣬵ȶĥ꣬˹εŽ˵Ҷ˵䣬һ𣬵жϲԼҲ˵塣
Ӧûжٰɡӭ˵Һͱ˽ǣѹġ
˹εûзֻ˵˷ôʱ䣬Բ𡣡
ûʲôɶԲģҲû೤ʱ䡣ӭͷָͷȷϹϵҸñӣҲһ¡ģ˽ǵʱһͦ˷ܡ
˹εЦ˳ˣӭվȥãȵĵݸ˹εתǰߡû߶ãͿͷϷῺͺӦóִڲͣײ῵ֱۡ
ӭͻȻͣȻŤͷЦʣǲϲ˰
Ŀе̣˹ε̧һָΪʲôôʡ
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㻹ǲҪϲˣʡĵʱǹأʹࡣӭһЦҡҡͷϾҶûܹء
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31 
ûûµĻȥῼҴưɡѵװתͷų˹ε첻˵չȥֱ߲٣ιιι˹ε㻹𡣡
˹εüϱʼǱЦٹС
ǵô˵ȥȥ
ȥˡ˹εʰ궫վһҪؼһˡų˹εſߣŰȥԥƬ̻ǿʣ㲻Ƕ῰ɣӭ˾ˣ˵⡣
ߵĴţܿƯڿĻҳ˹εñӴãñѹ¡
ӻ῿ͻعԢСһֱԪ¥˹εһ·ܵġϵݣLEDֳŴ򿪣˹εվſڣһ֮󣬶ȥѵ̺
ŵɫԿ׻ԭ
Կ׷˻˹εְѵ̺ϣԼǰԿ״šûԷ˹εӴ򿪣һڷսĿĵطӣɳϵȡ
ֲǵǵͣ͵֮󣬳˹εŲ輸ϵУʶӦڵ͡ı򵥳ڣ˹ε¿ӣʼ˼ǲ⡣
˵ͣȻ˵ҪסһڣǾһСʱ١ֻͨģû˽ӣϢҲءͻȻһͷ˹εÿڸɣϵĿȪˮͷ͹˰ƿ
ӦǳȻˡ
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̰ҡ˹εᣬָŴ̨ҲǸͬѧһҵͻȻ֮ǰӡһϺ䵽鷿ˣȥҰɡ
ðɣ̫̫鷿Ҳýȥѽ
˹εЦЦû£ֲ裬ͽȥҡ
̣̫̫쵽ھû鷿أҪȥ
ˣȥԼҰɡ
һҵ绰ص˹εӣѾЩķС󣬳˹εκλѶʮ׵رȻ𴩣·󣬳ЦЩ̫̫ʣµġ
ȻȷȻСʱǸ߳ģżҲڵȻ֣клǰǱΪҵң¸¾пֵܱܾ
󣬲˵ſ̼û䣬ȻȷʵѽֵԽԽ󣬵ڣ쵽ʡ⡣
С磬ط˰
˾Ļѳ˹εʵ˳Ǯ˹ε򿪳˳ıߡȪأû߶ã˹εǰͣ¡˱վڲƺϣŰѴ΢΢Щ͡
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תͷЦݣ̧ĨϵĺЦ˵ǰôûС԰Ե߲ٿ
˹εҲЦַŰϣȽȥˡ
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ҵɵôȻһƽ壬û̧ͷ
ԡ˹εڶ棬˵Ӧþдꡣ
ȻСȵصͷƽŵһߣѷϵӶ˵Ǿͺúû²Ҫܡ
֪ˡ˹εЦһ£ȻѵıͷһСڣʣҼǵϴ˵Ҫһܡ
ǡ
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ڹ˾Ŀݣ˹εһŲ֪ҲûʣֻǳĬضűӺȲ衣Ȳȵӹȥ˹εĲ軹д롣ƳȻµĿձӣ˹εվŲˮ
Ŷˣи治ˣ䵽鷿ˡ
Ȼ̧ͷһۣһ˵ˣ鷿ûĶҰɡ
ǹǱ˰ɡ˹εЦһ£תͷ⿴ۣ˵ȻѧУˣϵдС
̡˹εߵţҽͣһѧУһˡ
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˹εŶһߵֳɳúʣأȥĶˡ
иĿҪҸ˹ȥҿͦеģȥˡȻ̧ͷָƽĻϺһ£忪ͦȵģƽʱȥѧУûʲô⡣
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Ȼͷ˹εת򿪴ţͣ˼룬Цź޼ƺ壺壬һѧУһ˰ɡ
æļΧȹĨ£һһ߸˵û⣬һȥ·
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32 
ʮ·ڵ̵ڵʣʱ忪ʼɲƵʱѾѳȵͣڣںĳȡ
ˣûô쿩˵Ż˹εתͷ㲻ʱɣ
û£˹εЦһ£̫еûñӣְ̧һڴҼǵǰҿʱ㶼ţɹš
Ӵ͸Ĺֱϣ˹ε֣˵ϰǰˡ
̵ЦЦš
кܶ಻һģΪͣյ¶ȵĸߣҲС̳0ӵĻͻصĽͨ㲥ͲͿĳһˣư͡
ʮӺ󣬳ͣѧУţ˹ε⿪ȫ׼ŵʱѽһ˹εתͷЩǸس˵ͷǴɡˡ
̫̫󡣡˹εִӺùñӴãƿţң⼸춼סԢ
ѧУ֦ͩҶïʢ͸Ҷ϶ڵϣ˺ĵͼԽԽ֣·ߵվˣտԣŶʼеڶˡ̨ף˹εıӰֳӣվڶŮ˵
Ҫ·ߵģ񱳺۾˹εûüתͱס
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ָָϵĺ硣
ڼϵ֣˹εһۣ˵вȥɡ
̧°ͣܣʲôû˵۴ս˹εŲϵĺߣ̧ͷǲǹˣ
˵ãôһѣ˹εȻòеֱһϸܴʹС˹ε÷꣬Ҳܵù
ȥҽңԼٰɡ˹εڰ֣ҽߡ
ȥҽұҪٳ򳡲ƺϷ˵Ŀ˹εƹˤñѹͣͷǰߡ򳡺ܴ󣬲ݵеˣ˹εߵÿ죬󱳺ܿ쿪ʼʹ˳ëףӲʼһӵ󱳡
˹εܵģȷ˷ӿֱܽ¥ǽϱĴש˹εԼʱþȡѾûʲôҽˣ˹ε˳ǽ»ڵϣͷڴ
Ӧĺܿ죬֮󣬳˹εʼöģͷʹ˹εĵǽͼ£Ч̫áʶ˹εڵϣժñӣŵذ塣
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ǽŲԴڵסͷƵӰгеİɫЬ
˶ǿ룬ȻֱĶͷ˫ֺȴשҪ˹εۣҪѵõˬܿ죬Ǹ˰ջȥˣ˹εʼüҪֻһߣԴγģû
˹εֻſ죬С͡
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ʱûпͣ
⻰ʵûͷûԣЩɻüα˵ûаôῴһѧУϣܷ˽
ҡ˶٣¶һЩǷ΢ЦҲʲôҪͣӣȽоȻȥ롣
˹εüȥϵֻʲô
ú𰸣ֻǰѾ𰸣Ļ˹εԼߵĲǵģѾӵ°ͣˡѸٰص˹εֻӵβ
ܿ챻ڷװҩƬУҽѽһȻקų˹εֱۣͿҩأʲôҩմˣǱӹ
ӹ˾仰ǵУҽһۡ
չ˳˹εΪɣ˳ھò۵ĿΣڸڲϴϷԱ߼ҵϷ˹εߴ컨ƵԼβֻ˼룬ȥֻ߬
㿪Ϣڶҳҵ͵ֵ㿪һŻǰ췢ġ˹εſһ̣һ֣ǹǴȾõġ
ͣȻ֪յظ˹εǵ˺һֱڸڴ˹εŰֻϷӦˣֵģϣҪų˹εһѡ
˹εֲϷڵȴصĹУĵʣǸܵܣǲҲҪμ˶᣿
ӦǰɡѡӢۣ۾ֻĻУϣܳͷĻᣬִ϶˵̧ͷ۳˹ε
ʡϷ꣬˹ε룬˵ɡ


33 
һߵ㣬ϯ̨ըɫֽڰд˼ڵϣ˹ε̧õϵĺֽ̨λУʼַԣת̾˿߸УҪ̫̫ĹŲֳֳ
˹ε̧ͷǰԴûӻ
Ǹ㲻ΪʲôҪ۳˹εûȫʺĲӣ׬ѧҲ͸ѧУɣ
ϾУ˶ᣬô̡糿̫󣬳˹εǰҩܶ๶Ӳдһӡ
һλУ껰̨ϡϡ˹εֺֻ£ûʲôعƣбǰ˶ķ߸ѧУĴѧμ˶ᣬȻûȫҲռﾶ򳡡
ȵڶλУͲ߶ȵʱ򣬳˹εʺĶȥˡ
˭֪ڸѻλذɡЦЦ׼һǹֱӱִԴ
˹εҲЦņ̧̃תվڶĩĸԱ˾֣˵е֧ȥϢ˹εëҶ֪Աͷ˵ȥҽϢȵĻ԰ѿյ򿪡
ãллʦ˹εٳߣƳָ
ڶλУݽ壬ͨŨĵطһĻʽ˵ȡ˵ʱ򣬳˹εƿҽҵţŵˮζ˵ϡĿյǿŵģ˹ε̧ͷۣʮĶȣС
ҽҵĲɣ˹ε⼸Ĵ࣬ͷϵĶûüߡ˹εڴϣŷڹϵĺɫɡͣ˼룬߬У´ǽСʱŽң˹εҽҶһ
ûͣ˹εֻǺϢĽˣ
˹εûϻظѧУںţҵ˶̰ţһŮߺ00ܡݲݿ꣬˹ε˸绰ʾһ£绰ͱ
ȥҽ㰡ˡͣͣˮȣ
ˡ˹εӴȥİ׵Ԥ
绰ͷ˼룬ֱ߲٣Դûëɡ
Ŵ𽥱ö⣬˹εҲԼͦëģ߳ҽң׼ŵʱ򣬳˹εŷֿ۹ϵĺɫɡûôԥţŶֻ˵ҽҿյأԼš
ڶУ˹εûѵ绰ҵˡ
ֻǹȥСʱ¶Ȼߣ˹εߣ»Ƕ㲻ȥͷʼ˹εֻܹյ䣬ˮϴ˰ְֱˮ³ı߳ȥ
İԤϿʼ½½вٴ˶ɡŶӣ˹εһ¥ݹȥ˸Ӻļ硣תͷ˹εߺ󣬱ɻ
˹εջ֣¶ЩǸЦݣ˼ϴˡ
û¶
ǰڵǼǣ˹εĴɨһۣôûִ
ǵڶ飬Ӧںɡ˵꣬תȥǩ
ٳʱ˼μӱ˶ԱϢǴУգ˹εƿӡûмˣ˹εһ۾Ϳɢ̱ںɫϵִȵӡ
˹εվſڣֱִԱߵע⵽´˳˹εһߣһִļ磬չȥ˵ǲģ
ִתͷϳ˹ε֮룬ѽŴü
һΪ㲻ǵ˭ˡ˹εñժҲ¡
㲻ּһŶԣһˡִ죬ֳӣӭˣǰɣ
˹εûаֱķӦͷʮͬػش𣺡ȷʵ
þȫһȭ޻ϣִûͷòͷû¶͸ϿߣⲻѧУ񡣡
Ҹ̸¡ִߣ˹ε˵ûϵ
ʲô̸ģ˹εҲɵӣٸס⻰˳˹εЦ㣬ͷЦ˺һִվЦ˲ͨ졣ִվһߵӣִֻڿڴ˹ε߽ʲôЦģ
ûʲôոͻȻ뵽Ц˹ε̧ۣñӣʮֳ¿ҵؿִҸ῵Ĺϵûôãðҵ㶼֪ˣڲø˵ôࡣ
ִ侲һ㣬ǳ˹ε̫ƭˣֻǱŮ¶ִ˵̫ҪͣͣŽ˵ʲô¶˵ɡ
̫㡣˹εɨں濴Ϸˣȥ򳡺ɡҪңԴˣνִش𣬳˹εѼñ´ãƿ߳ȥִ˻˾໰תͷ˵Ǹҳȥһˡ
Ǹִøȥ̫ѹһͷˣò׿ų˹ε֮϶ץסλᡣ
˳խͨȥִ˵ĳ˹εԭصȣִ߹ȥ
ڿ˵˰ɣ
˹εûָĦϵһС⼣ҸղŲǸ˵뵽˸Цҽɣ
ִһͷˮ߽һ㣬Щջ˵ʲô˼
ո˵㲻ɵӡ˹εתͷ۾¶Цݣ̫ˣʵûסЦˡ
ˣңִҧźɫ˲
˹εҡҡͷһ룬̧ȶ׼ִС͵߹ȥվںȫסˣǿŵڵϵֱִִŶӽʹŷӦȥִû¡
ĶϹǰɣִ˦Ա˵֣վͷǰմЬӡĺƣָ̧ų˹εҵġ
˵ִ꣬˹εûȫȭͷһ£ʹпʼɢۿһȭҪӹ˹εһ˱졣
˹εȫûǸǴĶֵģ¶ڳ˹εҰʱֱѾεסִĲӣѸת𱳣ѱִݺˤڵϡ
ĳ˹εԼ˹ͷѵ
ϥѹִСֽĲӣִֿʼץ˼״æܹȥЩֵ֣ҪȻҪˡû˹ε̧һ˵ˡ
ǰţǵؾļкͻɿ֣ȻվæִߣִͿԣŻĵǰߣƬ
֮󣬺󳡱ð˹εǰ˵ıӰͣ˺һ˵ôݸҪİס
û˵˰Σڳ˹εҪڵʱǰ˵ûȣܣֻһ㡣
˹εʶЦǸһ㣬ֱʹѹȥƵǰ˹ε͵Цˡ첻ͺˣԵøüͶһƬӰ
ͷˣûдѪ˿ɫ衣
ôģ˹εʡ
̨ͣͣ˵ǽġ˹ε˵֪ǸǽжߣΪ˷ֹѧǽǽͷûװ˼ͷķ
˶ڳĬǰıӦ˽мŮڻ̧֣ӿӿڴó˹εſȥһɫƿӣƿûд֡
˵ҩࡣͰƿӵݹȥ˹εŷ֣Ҳˣָָڿʼһɫ˿ڡ
סɵġ
ȥʲôˣ
ûʲôӦ̧ۣų˹εʼգҩƿɺм䣬ûҪջȥ˼شæһ
Ǹͣʲôʹʲôһһصġ˹εȴʼܣͱ򵽵޹أҲԴȻҲҲ
ͼ룬˹εһ㣬źɫͫԼӰӣûʲôҵ𣿡
֪ǲĺѻشÿĬһ룬˹ε;Լٱʲôһףûоͷûյ㡣
̫ܴ󡣡
˹ε̧ۣϵߣǰڶҪϳˣ죬żһ𴫵˹εģͺܵ͵
Ϊʲôɡ


34 
˹εû˵󣬵ĳǣˣ˹εԽ̨ƮĺɫֽߵתȻ͵Ҽ罵䡣ͰѲֽŪһ̧֣˵Ҽ硣
ǳ˹εųĬۣͶ̨ϵӰӣӰѹ֮۵һȫƥȴӲҪһĻľ̫סӰʧˣ˹ε̧ͷ˵ʲôڴЩȵĽŲ
˹εק͵һ˼ת߿һǺţͶȥŹϡ겻ҿʪŵùζ˹εתͷ۾ʱ޷ӦڰֻܿŴŷ͸Ĺ⿴Щģ
˹ˣѧУǲҪ¡
ҡ˹εһֱۣ׳˵ѣҴ˽Уץᱻѧֵġ
ͺܺƭ߽һ㣬վڳ˹εԱߣһӿסŰѣͷ˵ʵ
⣬ŲԽԽҲԶλͣ£ûҵˣ˹εִˡʵոնڳѣִҲѧУ¡
Ӧǵˣںڰ˹εĿŵ̧ۿ͵ĲͺרĵĶýִŰϣʱ׼ս
ܿ죬Ųʧˣִ˴ӷ뿪˹εﰵִͲܶһ
ˡ˵ִŰƿһ㡣
š˹ε͸ŷ⿴ǰţִ»ǱȽϽġ
ҿȳȥȴ֮ߡ
͸һķ˹ε˼룬ҡҡͷƿߺ˵Ҫ˰ɣѧУ̫ܲá⻰˵еûƤûϾոոִͻ̧˵Լ
ֻǵͷüסš
ӹȥ˹ε۾ѾӦڰúܿͺʱؿڵںڰеʱ򣬵Ҳ󣬳˹ε͵֣ûӦǳ
ͷϵôġ
˹εѯϰߣһܰʵˡ
£һ¡
أ
͵ıЩٶۣͷӭ͸Ĺ⿴Լģͣһܳ¿ҵػش֪
費ȥ𡣡˹εתѧ͵ģţΪʲôѧУ
ǩĺͬǱ㣬»ûͺƽ˵ʱҪܡ
˹εЦ˳ᣬտʼµꡣ
㱣ĻͦãҹĶ֪ҰҲ֪
ͱҭһ£û˵ų˹εñӲһСͷ͵ͷɡ
ƭˡ˹εһۡ
û⿴һۣʮ׾ӵļɿʼתƻ⣺Ӧˡһ˵ȥӣոƿһ㣬һֺֻȻְѹȥֱָġ
˹εһ㣬嵲סŷ͸Ĺ⣬ӣѹȥ͵
͡˹εͣ˰룬˵ǲϲң
˵һ룬˹ε죬̫ˣҪʣҲֻ˹εԼúܿ죬쵽ҪʱӺܣһ룬˹εͻȻ͵ĳĬ㹻˼δԲʱ䡣
ܿ죬˹εʶԼЩҵ˼ޱҪ
Ϳִƿ˵ϲ
ǺܸɴĻش𣬳˹εԼѹԭҪܵȷʵ¹λˣǲдƷ˻ԭԭ˻ؼļ
Ϊʲô
һ£˹εЦϵǳðİۣ˹ε⣬ժñӣ˫ֳӣָһ
Ƣã
û˵ûʲô顣
ҳòÿ˹εĺܽ۾ģ˵ﲻÿ۾ǱӲߣҸӰӦû᳤ģڲŶʮһ
ų˹εԽԽԭסĹʹһο˹εͷΪʱñӱѹе⣬΢΢һ㣬Ƿ࣬ǼƤ϶մ˻ң֪ʲôʱ䵽ġ
һ󱳶ӣ˰Ѿŵ˵ǵϲ
ôҲϲ
Ͱӳƿţ۵޼ɵشڳ˹εϣ˹εۣʱվ棬ɫ߲ȫ
Ѿˡ͸˵
ñӴϣñѹֱֻͣʣ˫ɫЬ
š˹ε˵Ҳˡ
á
һ֮˫ЬҲʧˣ˹ε˶ָ⣬ųȥߡ


35 
Ὼͺƿҽŵʱ򣬳˹εбڲֻñڴߡ߹ȥñӼ˳㿴۳˹εˤ̨ˡ
˹εû˵۾ֻĻСˡ
ոİףִûμӣͬѧ˵Ǳˣڵ衣῿ҩܣһŻɣģ
Ļȥոһû˹εֻһӣ̧ۣƤЦⲻЦ˵ôˣǲҪܱܵ𣿡
ٶˡ߹ȥֱֻ۹ˣӦûǸ͡
ûĸͣҪ˵ŻͣȷʵûС
죬һû˵˲䰲˺һڴϣһ³˹εϥǣըҩ˰Ƣô󡣡
ϷɫѾ˹εֻŴͷƵ˵ûС
Ǽһô꣬Ȼ˹εϲٷƢ£쳳ܵĶῺͺ˹εԱЦŹۿǸ˭ܿ˹ε鲻ѣῴ۵Сֱۣͣͣվתͷ˵ˣҲˣȥ·
˹εֻûʹ˸ɫ̾˰Ͱִˣڲٳܿŭء
˵꣬һѳ߳˹εֻĻԳ˹εޱЦЦˡ
ٳ֣ﾶ˼ˣվϣȺǩ˳ųߵţƿҵţˢֻ˵ʦǳȥˮ
۶û̧һ£ֻأ
ܿͻˣû
Сڳ֣һңťֽ˵ذ
ԶŴ򿪣߳ûͷһۣһϴѧˣŻҪӣ湻Цġ
߸ѧУѧڣҪǳʲô£˭ܸ𡣡ῴӶóԿףͣǰĺɫγǰ¡
߹ȥʻţͷ˵Ҳǡ
˶ȥ῰ѳŻƳֺۣûˡʻӶ̽ȥվµĳ˹εˣվǶأ
˹εֶŸǽ˼룬ջߣ߹ȥţ˳
磬ûʲôˣֻϳŷ˼׽ǿҵĸ裬ŵ׵ʱְɾŽҡڵ屻סһۣʣ
ûͷںĳ˹ε˵ִһ٣ʵһӣٸҵ¡
ǸϴǱ¶ɣקŰȫŤ˹εͷǺֵܡ
˹εʼնû˵ñܼס顣
·ſڣ῰ѳͣãվſڵСǿţ³֮Ὸ˵ŪԵ͵¥ϣһơơ
û⡣СͣˢϣѸܵſڰѲƿǽȥ
·а϶Ӫҵľưɣϸưɲ࣬Ⱦҡɫӣżפȳӡڶ¥ǳλ£ϵĲ˵ֶ£þ߹С磬ʣ˵ˣ
ǵİƿƣСЦЦϴ˵̫Ǿͻλʦ
ûҪɡ
ǺҲ˳ˣȷʵ˵㣬ģλζá
῵ͷαЩ˵ɡ
ȲϵʱѾƵϣհѱ׼ͷһڰѾƺȹ⣬˹εûժñӣƫͷ¥²֪ʲô
û˼ѱط£ξƽ῿һۣͣһְ̧ѾֵűӸһ¡˹εŸĶ㿪˵Ϳ˹εתͷԽڱϡ
㿴ʲôأ˹εȻڣûʲô
㶣ת˳ų˹ε߿ȥ˵Ŀײһ˱˶ҲΣ˿Ż׶ҡͷԵس˹ε˵ôˣ
ӳ˹ε¿ʼǸ˾һֱڶһʼ˹εûô⣬Ͼ¥ֻ˹εĻ󱳷顣˹ε˵žƹֳӣ΢΢ͼ˹εñӰµﻹñӸˣñժҿ
˹εЦƤţܳĽëߺڿ˹εסϵľƿʱվƿ
üʲô
߶׼˵ķæм䣬ǸȻת˵ȶ˰ɣҪȥ¥ҲһЩ
ûȶ࣬˭˵Һȶˣ
ˣ̨׾͸Ͽ¡῿һ̨׳ˣͱˡ
㿴˹ε῵鶼ôߺò״ԲɵĲС˱¥´˿۾ɨ˶һȦ˵ոҪţ̲סǰɣ
Цһ˹ε۰̫Ѩ۵ʱ򣬷ֻĻ½ĵ绰˹εſһְѵ绰Ҷϡ
ûӣڶ绰ִ˹εֻվߵ߽
ǸС̰ϵ𣿡½Ǳе㳳źҲ̫ã϶
ܡ˹ε˵
У͵Ļ˵һ
ʵģԴתø죬ȳ˹εӦʱ򣬻Ѿʳڣʲô¶ˣ
滮Ǳߡ½ͣһ£øң˹ͺڳܡ
滮Ǳ˴ļ˵Ҫѹˣ߾ҪȫҴͨ͵绰ҪǼס
Ĭûмӣ˹εۻزֱߵĳԿףƿֻ˵һĳȻֶŻͲ˵ڹȥ


36 
һֱų˹ε¥ڳ˹εʧڴʱŤͷΰ㶵أ˹εȻῪ
ʮüˡ῰ѱľƵ
ÿ˽ͣ뵽ʲôӣһһ˯Ҫȥ
῿һۣƤЦⲻЦʣȥû
ȥˡ
á
ȺƵʱ򣬳˹ε˺þãǸʹ˸绰ʾû˽ӣ˹εѵ绰Ҷϣֻ˳ڸʻϡǶˣСʱǰʧܣּϸȥ˼Ұæ
ңñˡ
̵˹ε˽ţֱ̣ǰ
սûʲôĴ·û˹εͿͣ·ߵĺɫسɫա˳·￪һӣ̥˹εֱֱذѳͣȺ档
³½ͳӭͷǺ
ˡ½ѻûڵ𣬻ͷ۶ſڵļˣأزסˣҿǴļȫġ
˹ε̧ͷһۣ̫յۣ˹εڻûгԹҩһŰɫµ߹ɨͣԱߵܳͣ˼룬תͷ
˵𣿡
˹εЦһ£ÿʲô¶ˡ
ûӻͣһţƤֽݸ棬ģŶԣУҲһϢǵӪҵִȥ͹һֱûǿպҲû
½Ǻ˿ĭûôͣ˹ε˵ҲʲôԺȮģҲһ˶ļŻȥ˹ε̧ۿЦ˶ҲǶݽдٽõİɣЩӦöзߵġ
ͿԲȷʵǵĲԣӦΧûʲôǱ¶˹εתͷ½ᣬ磬ȥһ±հɣýķҲϣһһ롣
ϳ˹εЦ½˼룬΢΢Ȼֱϣ˵ͷ
ȥˡ̾ٿ˹εʱıЩ֣ҿҲǶˣ͸㽻ʵסһҪģҪϳ³ǣ˵Ūһѹ𣿡
ûصš¶µƤ𽥳ִʹУ˹ε̧ĨƤϵĺҸϳǣҲĲɡ
ĶˣղŲѾ𣿡
˹εû˵ոտϷϹ棬ºǩֶУȥǺˡû취û취˦ˣӵеĶѾˡ
һ°ɣҸ绰ҲظȤ˹εóֻ̧֮ͨͷҽˣĸǳȻ
֮ϵı÷ɣҡͷЦЦǰ˹ε֣ԭǳܵĹӰ¶͸˵ˡ
ؾǳҪġ
˹εվûֻ̫ܴҪɹˣҲģ˹ε¶Цݣ᲻ص϶˵֣һɿִ֮ԵúޱҪ䲻̲ĺѹ˴ͬ뿪½ͳ˹εվԭء
½ԭ˵ʲôſȴһص̾Ϣ̵֧ϣߵǰ˿ԺĹ
һ֧̳鵽һ룬½˽תͷϳ˹εЩ԰׵
һؼһ˰ɣһȥȷһ¡
š½𣬡С
ûȫɢһ˲䣬˹εԼӵ˷ն˵ַ֮󣬳˹εα⿴
ʵûпȷϵģڳȻŪȥʱѾˣֻǸʱ򣬳˹εΪǳȻĸŷͿסĶӡھ˵ͨˣ͵ıȻһǵģȻ֪ڳǽһҪأߵԽԶԽá
½ߵĲʱ·ӴŶڹ𳵣޴ĺѹͷ·ĩա
Сʱ֮󣬳ͣСſڣ˹ε˳֮ǰ½˵ѳͣԱ߾Уȥɣ·ת㡣
½ûֻҡͷ
˵ʲô壬˹εϳСߣֵæӭȥ費Ҫɡ
á˹ε˵лл
˹εԼҪʼ֢״أ뻹ûʼ˼壬ߵʱ򣬳˹εǰ˺üָȻ̸еķ˵ͦԳȻʱûһŵơ
ſڲƺԶˮǴ򿪵ģˮɢ̫ԳǳɫĹ⡣ָƣɫָʾ˹εƿţƳ̺ϵʿƤЬſվ˼룬˹ε߽ȥ׼Ьʱ鷿ﴫ˷ŭ
û̫ʱֱ棬˹εκĸס
κͳȻ־Ѿкüˣż͵ǰԣ˵ĸ뿪ʱºݻⱲӶ̤һ
˹εû͵ǽǵϰߣ׼Ȼңһ鷿һ졣
ôȵ죬˰ѵͣˣ֪֪ڼҿҪ
׼˰÷ǿԹȥס
ûԸᣡǶס˼ʮ꣬ھΪҪ¥̣Ҫǿȱ˰𣿡
ǺüĳĬȻŮ˺Цǿ˭ˣ
ǿ˭ˣ
ǲҵɵӣ㣬ְһ˶԰ɣ
ˣûԼ˶ְھȻӵӶˡȻ㻹ûеԣ
ĴţڹЧܺã˹εվڿ鷿Ŵ汻͵鷿ذϵ鲣ڹ·ƯĹκվſڣײһ
û˵ʱ򣬳˹εԼֻ죬ָͻȻúܽ˺һ˹εŰֻӿڴó
ʹġ
һ֮󣬵绰ϵĻֻʣһδӵ绰ļ¼ĻϨ𣬵ڶ绰ִ͡
˹ε½ֻͨŵߡ
ոæ͵ܵͣ˹εԾֻ߬øʲô˵
ҲʼĬܿ죬˹εʲô𣿡


37 
κվſû˼룬鷿ھ޴ĳȻ̧ۣߴ󿪵ţڳ˹εϡ˹εֻվڿþû˵绰ûбҶϣ绰ͷͺĺ
Ǵ𡣡ɨˣ˹εЦһ£ָ΢΢ֻŶ䣬ҳʲôµĻ
ͲﴫһŲĳֽײƬ̺ʣҪ𣿡
ʲôʮֵһ⣬˹εҪʹŻĳԶеùܻǱĺͬûڣԼŮ˵Ķӣͬûڡ
Цġ˹ε˵ҲҪ
绰Ҷϣ±ðֻŻؿڴ˹εվ鷿ſڵκԥþãҲûܽеóڡƿ˹εϵߣκͷûĳȻ˳ǣͷҲص뿪κˤŵĶܴĵϵˮڲȻԴû̫Ӧְ̧ϨƽĻ
˹ε߽鷿ܿذϵĲ꣬վǰڳ˹εļûγȻ鷿ͨǽŵģȻȥ˾ʱʱһ죬ͨҲǳ¡
ĳ̶ֳϣȻܱ˵²ֶҲãûζҲá
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ЩɣȻܸȤصͷֵֻ°ͣӦô죬ǶŸҺû취κοĿ
Ƕʩй֮ࡣ˹εȻӣӦʩĺ٣Ǹ߶סլйӦҲǸͷ
ǲ׬ǮȻαϵЦݲ䣬ڿͲǿʮˡ
Ȼٲ첻ڳ˹ε˼ôشʱſڴվſڣƺԥҪҪȥȻڰ֣˵ɨһ°ɡ
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ŶŶˣлл̰һƬͷ߳鷿Сشš
ų߳ȥȻĿٴڳ˹εϣûбŭܻûжı飬ֻһǣ˵вҡ
ܰǽӱ춯˹εԼĸףȻͷǰɡ
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⻹Ǻܴ󣬴Ųĵ˼·Ȫأ˹εͣȥץӰɫӿˮûץס˹εó˳Ż·ߣһƬͩ£ĺɫλȻǳվڳԣźɫt͡
Ǽɫt˹εöˣŹդһμͣڽڹ˾ȣվѧУת¥ʱ컨ϵıڻɫϴķˣ°ƬŰɵĻҡ
˹εԭվһ̧߹ȥԽԽ죬ĳмѭĿѧʵ顣
ôˡ˹εʡ
Ҹ½˵绰˵
û˵¶𣿡
˵ˡ
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Ͳ˵ˣ۾ûʲô顣ʵʳ˹εû͵ĻشΪû塣ڱס¥о޴Ļش˫ԡףԼһǴëơһУ֮ǰͿҲӵйֱ֣ס˵ҡ
˹εͷЦЦ˵һϢһϢĸ
ĳĬ֮ͻش˵ġ
õİɡ˹ε̧ͷͶӣסˣҪչ涨һЩġ
͵ıЩ㶵ģʲôû˵ֻСȵصͷ
Ϣǡ˹εۣŽűשһСɫЦ˵֪Ϊʲôϲˡ
ûΪʲôҲԣֻʵֲɵģȻϲϾĳϽǳȻݻİסְƽƬͩµʱ򣬳˹εĴһƬհף̧۵ʱҰֻϰ߲Ӱ
һСε͵Ƥϣգ۵ʱǿӰʱʧ
⼸춼졣˵


38 
ȷǴ죬Դӷֳ˹ε߹ëڳǽסʱشרŰһĻÿܵԤº̫Ӱ˹εȥ飬촩׺ȣŰ̲ڵʱ͵͵ѵӾˮϵĸԼ˵ĺ
ˣƨ첻Ҳգʱ˹εôģ֮Ҳôġڴѧ֮ǰȵ£ϷʱգصڹⴰΨһԴǵĻﷴ⡣ϴѧֲ֮ῸżҲһȥȼ٣ںˮԼȫװɡɳӡ
ϵ죬Ǹһģڲ֮ǰ
ϴǸ֭˹εЦһ£һҰɡ
û˵۾½ոսĳԿóƵʻλţֳ˹εɵվû̧ͷͲ˵˹εǶվţ˹εöͺ˼ֻҪԸ⣬Ϳһг뺣׵ʯ
߰ɡ˹ε߹ȥȥ
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ǰβƱ죬ĺʹڷ̵ָϣ˹εĻ͵ָһ£ƽ˵ǵˡ
Ҳǡ˹εЦ˵ӦòһѾܹµСʡԺ󱨸
ǰڶˣûŲţɿɲһǰ͵ļ㲻ʱԺȥȻʱԴװģϧ⺢ҪȥѧĻӦóɼҲġ
ȻʱʲôҲû˵ֻǴۿкܵЦݣ̧ͷʱ򣬸վԱߵ˵ȥɡ
ӣȻԼɷ֤Сʱ֮һվԱߣԥҪҪȥС壬Ŵųȥ󳵿
Ȼ¥߳ţվԱߣ˵ɣúܺõġ
죬һңһҡ
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㰡˹εŰȫһƣͣνЦЦһһۡ
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ԭͬҲôĲ졣
һС̯ǰͣ£Ϳ³վС̯ǰ΢΢ɡµİ˵ӵϳͱøۣӸߣխͦΡԵ׾ӦòУᱻһ۾;
ե֭ʱվԱ߰ĵȣõһúĤãͽӹ»˻Σȷû©֮˸ܣߵǰ
˹ε°͵ųѸ֭ӹûȥܡվһȷ˹εٶ֮󣬴۰ܰװ𿪣ܿڴܴĤ
˹ε캬ܣһ֮ЦŸ˵лл
ͺûòûϵ˵Įתȥõڶ֭ϸ֭תŷֳ˹ε֪ʲôʱѾ˳վڲԶͩ£ͷ¹ĸ֭Ѿȥ롣
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ûܡ˹εѡ
ġʹͷһۣ˵Ҳȡ
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ϳһӣˮǳԼܿˮ׳ɫ̦ʯ棬ΧиֳɡСʳƳ˹εǰ棬ʲôҪֲԣתͷȫ͡
ߵӵĵʱ򣬳˹εͣͷŸɫϴͣЦЦӺɫóһе˹εſϳԣҧһڣмһء
ͻԱվţ˹εһְۣĴ˸ͣ˵Ҳԣû˵ĵ˼룬ûܾҲûԣôš
ûҵĻӦҲҪ˾µˡ˹εһ˵һ߰ѳһĵָϣҰ֡ǣκҲͦϲġ
̧ۣǶȣպܿ˹εĲĲӳĽëϡ
Ҳ֪ǸûУһ˵ȷʵͦԲġ
˹ε棬գ۵ٶȱ˵ʱһ㴹ȥ˳ŵڵϡ˹εû˵ϵıд˿ϧ
ȥ˹˾æ˵Ҳ
Ϳڵĺף˹ε˼롣
ҲûжԲңЩûϵ
˹εͻȻתͷе죬ߵһ룬ʹۣͷǸȱһǵĵ
ԵġԱ˵һֻĵ˼ôӻʱһӰͻȻƤܿ죬˹ε˳˵ķ϶ɹЩ̵ĺڷֱۣȻֱ㶵վǰ
̫ˣܿ˹εǼϵĺߵͻȻ׼һ˹εʱס۾ʲôڷ⡣
Ƕͦɹģ㣬ɣ
˹εˣͷͣ¶Цݡ
ۣû³˹εվ͵Ӱоպ


39 
һܣ˹εסѧУĹԢȻԴ˲ûз̫ϾϴײƵ̫ΣĸҲҪʱ͡ϴμͣҲѾһǰˣʱеãõ˹εʼ㱡
pptʣһû˹εֻͷϢһûأһз·»صԭ㣬վ͵Ӱ̫
ôż٣ôż٣ڶɳϣͷС
ܰе֣ѵĻȥһ㣬Ŷĳ˹ε΢΢üֻ
ֻ̫˰ɡվŵ˹εԱߣ쳤ȥ˹εֻĻ̸˰
˹εֻϣ̧ۿpptܲд֣
ô֪ʲôûд
ĵ˹εûʲô飬һintroductionɾִд㶫вС
Ÿ裬ŵ»صɳϣװ·
˵˹εǿԼ°עĵϣֻ˼֣۾ͲܿƵֻ֮󣬺һ죬̧ͷ˹εѵԺϣ׾ߡ
ȥĶ
˹εЬЬ¥ȵġ
ﲻ𣿡
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׼˵ҲпȪˮ˵ֻ˵һ룬˹εѾųȥˣŵ졣
Ϸ󣬳˹εŷſߣ£˹εſһ˹ַ֮˾תͷһۣѵǶǽ
֪˹ε忿α㿪ɡ
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֪ԼΪʲôҪ
Сӣطˡ˾˸̣ӺӾ³̣˵ʮˡ
˹εع񣬸Ǯ֮˳
⳵˾ƺ뿪طתʱһţ̥棬һ̶һ룬ﴫУһȻ޷ճеˣ˹εԥҪҪиʱ򣬹שͻȻƣ˾ֵ߳׹תһȦϡ
˹εεֵ̧ۣסǰ˼˵˼磬ô˻㡣
ֵͲϣ˹εۣҰݵسһƬģİףеƵ
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40 
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ΪҲԱҲӦõġ
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˸ߵѿ˹εһ㶼ûУת˸Цߣ
ҡҡͷֻӦǳˡ
ѣ˹εע⵽ڴﲻ𶯵ֻûֻó˵Ǿһ
;վſڸһȣŻţȵķӿԭתٻķҲûΣ֨֨ŤŤ졣˹εĵضͿ£̧۳ôһۣ˹ε֪Ҳûá
ˡ˹εվߣҪȥʱ˳ﻹûʼȵơơһƿıơƣƿҲȵģɫĭڲϸ
ſڹȻһɫγͣǶŴƣ߽ǵ䶼˹εͷҲصſߣͿվһصӰŹϡŰм۵ΣͻȻеۣڵңʶոձ˹ε˳ߵƿһƿ
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Сϰ¸ҩ˳һ䣬ˤزذصĻ͸øƿģ
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41 
ܾżԶƤһ紵ԭŵһؽ˹εŵһ£ʱȥһ롣ߴմźɫƿͻŴţ˹εվ߹ȥۿһ˵ûֻ֤ܴպһˡ
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šͰѸּչִ棬˼£ȷ֧û֮󣬽˵Ǯġ

ġͿ۵վ˹ε࿪ӣ߳ȥ˹εں̧Ĩһºϵĺ
ܳ𡣡˹εܿԱߣţüëһ𣬡ҾҺó
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Ϳۣ˹εſ򣬿ڿյϼ¯ӵ͡ۼ˹εŲڸżʮӳ̵ĵطȻˮҪաҪ¯ӣʽˮ
һĺյĺԱվһ°ڲϵĺڻ֡˹εߣ̧ͷ˶˵ˡ
Ǹ˹εϴĺǱվ¶ĸվڵϣһˮͰˮ˹εһϴͷһЦСͣһͷܵ͵
ʲô𡣡
ûС˹εĨϵĭЦϵúܳͻȻҺһ
û˵ͰˮˣƻҪյڶԥҪҪȥˮʱͻȻһ£һ֮󣬴һʪԴ
㿴ҳɾ𣿡˹ε
˹εͷܺڣˮʪ֮ˮӽëϵ˳ʡû˵˹εܾƤϻĭְֻۣԴһ㣬չʾ
һ㡣
Ķ˹ε̧Ĩһ¶ͷ𣿡
ҡҡͷҡԺʶ˹ε϶Ǻûȫϵ˿ڱݵеۣеʹ֣زһ³˹εĶǣĭɣʪʪġ
ˡջ֡
лˡ˹εŴЦСС¶ԡ䡣
վһֱϡϡˮСش𣺡


42 
˹εϴƿӳʱͲ棬ԱߵϷһ·ɫºɫ̿㡣ȻɣһǸϴʲϱɹĺӲ˹ε·ϣӾᣬϵ
Ьߣͷڲͣµˮʹ˹εд𣿡
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ˡ˹εͷۣ߽Сʰſڣű˦ԴǾȻɰɡ
ų˹εͻȻ뵽٣һ±꣬ܵƺϷ裬˼ʮת֮Ҳô˦Դġƿߣԡߣܿ죬˽
㲻ԡ𣿸ոǸԡõĺʪ
û¡
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졣˹εЦŸ˵
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Ͳ˹εҲ˶һ߹ȥվڳ˹εոָĵطͷ͵˹εϥǣЦ˵һֱ𣬱Ҫ͸
ǮҪϰġ˵
Ѿϰˡ˹εֻĻ򿪣ŸͿˡ
ûӻ
˹εջֻһɨſڵıƿϴʱ½ݹ衣߹ȥƿ˻Σȷˮֹ֮սӡ
Ϳų˹εѴСһıӷڵϣϳȻɫĴ裬ѴǱݸ
ڻǷǮ˹εһСˮͷ͡
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˹εЦЦôҸߴŵˣҵһ±ְɣ
Ӧûϵ˹εôͿ룬ȻСȵһǣֻ΢΢£ָ⣬鵽ʲôˣ
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꣬Ȼͷ˵ȫ
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˵ȷŵȣ֡
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ͺתͷ˫ɫ۾Ļţͣ˰Σ˹εԼŰ
ҪҪǸѣŶԡ˹ε˵ǰˡ
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㽲˹εĬ룬˵ɱп̽˽ãֻǵ档
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͵ݹ֣˹εЩƵôʲô档
ڶǶɻʱʶģ֪ǰҲԺСݣƽʱչһ㡣ûʲôµ츳һ룬ͿʼþֽͲľ־ӡ
ָ϶ǻ¶ˮζ˹εֱֱضͣ˶٣˵Ǯˡ
š͵ᣬҵĸˣ˺صĲҪǮ
Ͱ̯Ӷ㡣
áʹۣëزҵĸףˣҴӦǮûҡ
˹εҧһ䣺ʲôƨˡ
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ھһ£ҲôˣĻʵ˵ȣͻ¶ˮζȫǺϺֱһӰۡ
͵ġ
촽뿪͵գ˹εʼմۣҿ͵ı顣ó˹εһˡ
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43 
ͷ˴תھһ˵Ķƫͷ̾û˱ַ֮Ӧ˹εգգۣȻԼռŮĵԡ
ȥ˯ˡ˹εظеѿеҪط
͵ͷƽ˵á
߽˹εţŲúܸɾ۵ϡ˵ʵ˯ţȣϵСһתһ죬󱳼ʪ͸ˣչȥͿʼͲͣð
ӵŵ£ڴߵһСƬϣ˹εŲŲӣɫǩд֣Ʒ˹ε۰ڶŴɫıϴķף߽ǵͷڴߣһ͸ŻΡôһۣ˹εоԼϵһ㽵Ǳӭͷһˮ
ƷҲΧܸõĶˡ
˹εץűǣۡ
ڶ洲ûˣɷ״ıӰڴβ˹εܵյķ磬˹εתͷԭϵķȲ֪ʲôʱ򱻷ŵĴͷذڶԲȷÿǶȵķ綼ͣ
ڴϷ˻˹εӴЬƿšɫԭխСƵķ䱻ĵһЩӼ̫˹εûñӣԥҪҪȥʱƳϵɡ
һѺɫɡ˹εɡſĿɡϡͨ硱֣ɡϣ˹εŷԱߵһţ̳ӦóţֶӦģ˹εָ
ʲô˼ﻻһܴһţ̡˹εţװڴſɡ߳ţԱߵĵˮϴһûˣֻֻſڿյϳŶƤɹů
˹ε߹ȥֻƹƤƣֱʶ˹εǱķȥģƹվڳƳ
һǿ㡣˹εʢ裬ӣһ̼ˮҾһ̡ʱʵеûӣ˹ε߳ȥû߳ۻϡ
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˹εû˵ְɡС֣ͨ硭ȥ˰
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ãҿˡû˵꣬ţ̾ͱߣ˹εǴ̣бһۣ˵仰Ϳʲˡ
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ô磿˵ȥ𡣡
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Ҫǳʲô£ʱû˸ǽṤǮԴҶãԲԣ
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˶Ӽ룬ֽӹӣЦһߡ
үɻװװӵģ½üô˵³ȵʱ򡣹¶죬ûڵ̫վӾȵĴοų䳤ү
˻ͷһˮǰϴĳ˹εƲţ㿴ɣװ˼졣
˹εȷʵÿ춼Ŵ̫Ǹɻżҹ˶ʰˣ˹εſڣ۾Զխ·Ҷ֪ڿʲô
ֻ½Ϊʲôˣֻװɵ
м๤ÿ׵㣬Ŀ죬ԭʮĹǰ깤죬˹Ǯ˹εʮƣÿһ䣬еһ󻶺Źڿֽʱ򣬳˹εߵ䣬ͷ˵һñֽţ㶣ӹ˺ֽ¶̰װ
ֵ˷ųɣЩˡ˹εЦ
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˹εûӻԼ棬˽ı˭أһүˣƫƫԸ
жûˣ ˹εеǲˡ


44 
ĺܺã¶ǽƤשǽȫˢһ飬ϵĿӿȫƽȫӵĳɰɫķ˹εרȥ˼ſڣչ˵ĺãʱͻῪ
СҲظǣ˲٣Щ򵥵ļҾ߲⡣½ˮ￴˺üȦڼһֱŸɻվʱǾûʵС
á½СɳϣĦƤ棬̲סָ̾һ飬治Ҽһء
˹εſЦû˵
ȷǻ˺ܶ˼ΪȻ֤ԼܹҲΪ˸һңԱûѣ©©ˮ˯ʱطҲ´ģһ͵ļҡ
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½̧ͷʣҪȥĶ
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ӦǺܾòˣɫҲһЩں󾱡
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˹εΪԼͷееʲô۲Ĳò׺׼ת뿪ϸ˹εĽŲԭء
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ҸȻǩµĺͬ
㣬չ㣬һֱҵ͵һ٣죬ֽǰͣҪ𡣡
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ǩɡ˹εۺ۰Ѻͬ¸ԭͣ
û˵ҲûҪѺͬûȥ˼ֻ΢΢һСȻ˵ûвġ
ﶼ˹εеջ֪ǩĺͬǲǶҪѹեͣǰһѺͬӲǲȫԼģԼٿһ飬жף
ʹվ˼룬ͷűĺͬ˶٣Щٶ۵С˵չ㣬ûʲôײ׵ġɵģһᴩƣ͵Ѹٰȥ
Ҫˡ̧֣Ҫһ³˹εļ磬ָҲ㣬Щʴӣԥջ֡
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֪˹εְͣѺͬ˻ֽõĲ˵Ǻɣźͬʱһ
ݵȵȰɡ˹ε˵תûСȵصͷ˹εߣͺس˿ûſĳ˹εȻת̧ͷؿ
Ѹͣվ˹εһ֮⡣
ͣǲǺȾˣ
˹εĺܴҲܿ
š͵ͷ˵һ㡣


45 
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Ӧòˡ˹ε˵
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Ϊ֪Ҫסã˹ε˵繤һܳĵӵ䣬˱ˮͿյ˵Ƽıͳ⣬ԾرЩ⣬ҺԹԡ
ĺ˹εͶӣȻǲҪ
Ϳ룬˵㲻
ӱ뿪ʱȻĻ˵ĺĽɫǱ˹εǺͳ˹εѣκͳ˹ε޷ƽƽ
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ʵ벻롣
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ͱһۣʱ򣬶ϳ˹ε
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ѴŻˣԶţʵĺܡ
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ҹӳһ͵ɡʵڲɵҲ֪ɡ
ͺߵߣѾ˯ĳ˹εͷؿ΢΢ûϴܶŵĶᣬ϶ų˹ε˯ߡڴվ˼룬ͶȥŴصָס
ѳ˹ε£ѾǺܳΪˣ˹εûʱ۵ĻӦûڿŴһϡ
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ƺûϵ˹εͻȻۣ͵ıֱúܴһΣû󳷣άŸղŵơͲ˵˹εһֱ۾գ۵ʱҰڵ֡ͳ⡣
ǾƾͣҲޱԳ˹εѸٲ׽΢΢ſ죬˼룬ȴʲôû˵
Ŵ˹εǰһ㣬ʼճĬͣС˵ʣԡ
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46 
ǵʱ򣬳˹ε뿴һ͵ֻֻۣ͵Ĳӣĸ͵ĺܿƣڳ˹εʱָų˹εؿڣͣ˼룬ƿ
˹ε촽Ūĺܺ죬۾ʱᡣ
ˡ̧֣һ³˹εָһ˲Ѹջ֣ͣͣŽ˵˯ɡ
˹εԼʪ͸ˣӺؿ϶ǺԴҲΣ͵֣˹εͷû𣿡
šһİų˹ε֣˯ɡ
˹εΪͣڲʶ֪ʵڲ̧ȥ͵ĲӣĶֻ̫ûͱ󷴼ѹͷ
ʹۿ˳˹ε룬Сز˹εͷЩʪͷɤ˵ҽ㡣
޹һķ˲֮ƣӿ˹εױ۾Ϳų˹εץ°ڵ֣Ϊİѳ˹εŪѣְֻܱ뿿ŴͷɵƲ䡣صͷƣĹ߱û谵۾һʱ֮Ӧˣ;Ͱصȣȳ˹εٴسҰ
糿˹εгѣյһϣ˹εűŷһͷ͸ߴıӰ͵·ˣ̷ˮӦǸոճ裬ʪ°
ûѾתײһʱ͵۾΢΢ȥһ㡣
е㳳Ͷðߵԣۻعţ̣ƽʱǰʱιһͽиͣʲô
ƽʱ㣬ͶҪȥιģΪһˣҪι˹εŰӵͣЦͷôôడ
ϣһѳ̲һӣͼһµģ֪ʲôͶŪ˵㡣
ӦҲԲꡣ
û¡ͰѿӰںãû̧ͷ㲻Եҳԡ
˹ε̣Ӵ˼׾ߣں溰˹εͷҲصػһ䣺ȥϴ
û̫󣬳˹εͷߵڣƿŲʶûˢҪҪȥͣƳڼϵİװ˹εվһ߹ȥ򿪣طϴþߣµˢëһСƿϴ̡
˹εŴӣûסЦ˳
ϴﵢ˲ʱ䣬ٻصʱ򣬷ϵʳһûͿһۣѵӳʲô
ɡ˹ε£㲻𡣡
еˡһ̧ͷڸһ롣
˹εְ룬ҡҡͷãôȵ̵ҲԲȥ͵ͷԱߵΣ𿪰װҧһСڡ
ʼʱ򣬳˹εŷ弦Եƣľһһÿӵֶ˶٣˹ε̧ͷͶĿ⡣
ǲǲһ˵һҪߣ˹εŵ˺üͷС˵˹ˡ
ǳ˹εԵһͣ嵰Ѽһȫ֮վҪҪţ̡
Ҫˡ˹εһ¶ӣٳɻӦû³
ʹۿͣ˼룬˵ȥҩʳƬ
Цġ˹εŶͷЦͷزģⶼ
ûӻֻǱͷ˵ȥ
˹εʱûпλƫгҲҪһЩʱ䣬ֻ˹εڴϣһ˵ˣҪٸһγǮԭʰӵͣ£̧ۣĿϡ
͵ϲǼѵ£Ϊʹ˵벻룬ҪҪʲôȫ̽ܡ
㵽ʱҰɡ˹εվֳӣЦſһƽͣҸ㷢Ϣҡ߬Ĩ΢˵㣬͵ͷ˵ãȻӡ
߷֮ͣڹſڣ˹εֻ˼ͷۣûӡҲˣƫͷһۣȻվ˵ȥ
߽ţʼվұߣ󲿷ǿչ⣬ȷ˹εᱻɹţ˹εͣתվſڵͣȻ
͡˹ε֣㵽ʱǵҰ
á
һ
á
׳ܵõӦѾ㹻㣬˹εϳϳţ˾ȷĿĵ֮󣬳̥ڵϻһԲһ򿪡ƽʱʱ򣬳˹ελãγ⡣
ҡ³˹εԴ̽ȥŻվſڵͣ˻֡һ룬ԽԽСҲ̧֣Сȵس˻Ρ
͹ˣ˹εãͷαɵЦ
׼˹εվں΢Цʱ˹εûס̾˿е²ɣֹ˾һ֪ǳ̼ˣĸɸɾһ
ϳ˹εȻ绰ʾŽͨȻӦǺ˵ƣ˵ٺߵȻЦȻ˵ʲôء
ȷʵüڹ˾һڣ˹εͷҪܿաȥĶиţԻչʵʾǼһһ˵ң˾ڲ˺ų˹εûС
Ȼʲôòܣ˹εʲô˰칫ҵµͷʽÿ찴ʱ߸ǴϷ
߳˹εڼװһˣڵȴӵĿ϶칫ҴϷǲе̫ˣ
ʲô˹εֻҪ룬ȥܾ칫ҴcsҲû¡ĿЦͻȻ˴һǹһ죬Ŀһ໰
϶⣬ҪȻҲڿô
ôҲ¶Сҿһȥӵţ˹εһ꣬ǰʮ׼׼ɽϵˣڰ֮ǰ˹εЦ˵
Ȧ˹εֻĻһۣ˼룬ѶŲһ㣬¶һֻ䡣
ոڸɻ͵֣ܵͣ˹ε˺ü飬ֱڶ˹ε죬Сص㿪
æ𡣡
ժϣ˲ļУ˹εߵشߣֱӲ˸ȥڶ˽ͨһ룬ٺܿ˵Ҳæ


47 
±лҪѰĶ࣬˹εӸս¾ͿʼʱС̯һֽÿһ˺һҳõȴͺķʱ±øʽС
һ£Դ񹩷һ糿˵пͷͽ䣬ϻԤԼ˽Ȫһոµĸ߶ˡ
ӦǶƵġ˹εſڴϣ̧ͷ۸ǽǵɫƤûlogo
Ȼڵ绰ͷٳûпڣ˰Σ˹εĹţȻ˵֪ˡ
ûʲô¶ͻɡȻһСںƣҲӦ湻ˡ
˹εӴ˵ҹ충Ʊ
˽𡣡
á˹εشغܿ죬˼룬Ц˵ǻҡ
Ҷϵ绰ûһӣ˹ε´űʵڵ̺ϣ򿪺˵ڶϵĺࡣŷ˹εճѺϢ͡˽ʮӣֻ˹εֻϴ㿪Ϣ
ôô
˹εԾ¶Цݣ˸𰸻ظ˵չ˾ķɻͺóԡ
á
Ե㡣
Ҳֻͻ˵Щ߰Ļ˹εֻڴϹ˼ȦͷͷŵҲ
ڶһ磬˹εʰȥǰ̨˷߸հѷȥû߳ţڿڴֻ˺ü¡˹εóһۣüˣͨ˵绰
Ҳô簡
СܲҲǡЦ˼ʮʣס𣿾Ƶոո˷ˣ
ôᣬסĶ첻ؼˣи棬ҹȥס죬õң漸Ҳ׼ȥˡ
ʲôʱĺࣿҹȥ
̫鷳ˣѻһߣͲôųˡ˹εŤͷ۹ڴõıֹⳡĶԻæڴˣ˵ȱһ˵ף֮Ѹٹ˵绰
ȥв߸Сʱ˹εñӣ߳Ƶš̳ȿ͵ĳ⳵˹εߵĩøʻ
ʦһ쳵Ļ𣿡
˾īƵͷ۾Ѹ´֮ܵ˹εߣ䣬Ц˵Ӱ
ϳ˵ַ˾ӺӾ˹εһۣ˵Լһ˹ְ˹εƿߣ⣬˼ŵ͵͵һ
ĵĳлҪ󣬹һ·ھͶ˽ʮӣ̵ƶûܹȥ˹ε·̳תͷʣ³𣿡
ǿԡ
Ҿ£ȷڳϣϵʽҳԺϵ㡣ѹ˲ҪѺ¶Ťͷ˹εһֻš
³֮󣬳˹ε·ƹȥͣԭ޷ĳ϶һ·̳ܵڡʱǰΣ̳ܹʮ㣬¥Ƥֹƣһ¥ݳƷ̨
ֱԹ߷ۻԱ˹εֱݣ̳˲࣬;ֻͣһΡͷӵĺɫ֣ʮʱ򣬵Ŵ򿪣ƤζĿӿ
˹ε߽һĲչ̨ɫ޲ϷŸָƤƷ»Ĺ
ãҪʲô
ܶȦ𣿡˹ε̧ͷվڹ̨ڵŮˡ
ںͳ˹εߵ˲䣬Ů룬ܿ¶º͵Цݣ˵Ȼԡ
Ҫȡ˹ε˵ұȽϸʱ䡣
Ů˵һֻĻһش˵ʦţһҾȡ
ҾҪɫƤӡ
Եģгߴ𣿡
˹εͷŬһֱ̧һȦžôɡ
ŮϵЦݸһóһ˵סһ¡
øٵȦ˹εת˲ߣʵ֪Ҫʲô˵䲻̫ͣһã˵װ𿪡
ôһһߣȳ˹εӦʱѾֻصһ㡣һ¥ĵƹɫƹڵשϣʹÿ濴¶ģתһȦ˹εһֱͣ£վûãһźɫ߳費Ҫ
˹εתͷͣ˼룬ʣûûƷlogoĿʽ
еġЦЦְ̧ѳ˹εӭȥһЩ˱ȽϲŵĿʽǵľûкԵı־
˴ϰɫף򿪲ţóչ̨Եһֱīɫָ̣һźСʯɫţƤϸ塣
˹εϴѧǰһ죬Ȼһ֪ǲÿѧʱĸֱڶѧУҲһ顣
ɡ˹εѱݻȥֲһ䣬̳ĴװͺãҪƷƵİװ
ˢǮ˹ε̳й˼Ȧ쵽һʱ¥ȡȦƷĻҪƯƤӱԵĥĺܸɾǺɫۣȡ
СƵĴ뿪ϵ֮ǰ˹ε˾˸绰Լϳص㣬˹ε˵ݡ
ȥʱ򣬳˹εûסָͷһϢݺ֮ǰļһģһͱ˽ͻصĺܿ죬˹ε㿪ظһƬյɫΡ
ֻһ£Ͳһ䣺Ѿˡ
˹εֻϵļ֣һգܺز֪ôظʹ֪Լ޷Ʒʱ䣬˹εǻظ˵Ͼͻȥ


48 
ٺɫƱϴֳ񣬴ӷɻ룬˹εͿʼڴ䡣ͷս߹ԱߣѽĲ˵ݸ
Ĵ˱Ƚ϶࣬Сţ峴ٺϣʳҪ׷Сأ
ˡ˹εѲ˵ȥֱ׵ıӣ鷳ٸҵһ֭սͷ˵õģվߵԱߣѯһλ˿͡
˹εԷɻͣҲŲ˷ɻ͵ζ˷ŲʱҪֵĵزÿγ;Уİ̶ǰ±ζ֮װŽÿһηɻ٩˳ԵΨһļȡ
û˸ǰʳ˹εһ㶼öֱԴھ࣬дδйиУеҪһˡ
Сʱ󣬷ɻ˳أ֮󣬳˹εֻͷϢҵˡ𶯱лҪ죬㿪Ϣֻһ֣á
ɻŴ򿪵ʱ˹εܵģӸһת͹ƽļͨʱ·ɻ˺ܶ࣬е׼תеǼŲμһֻ֣г˹εǵһͷԽӣȡ֮ڰԼ
Ϊ̫࣬˹εֱݣ𽥺ϵĵţתͷvipͨߡſڵĹԱʾ˻Ʊ˹εߣvipͨûˣһֱͨ¶ͣϲݣ˹εȫͨϵ¥ƿĲš
ڴвӻˣ˹εǺܿͷȺеͣվڿߵλãվǰ˺ܶ࣬͵ļͦúֱ°΢΢̧ţżͷڴ
ûͺ˵㣬ͷҲ˲٣ΪûʱشڶǰȺ˹εվͱվ˽Ҳû֣ɺضųڡͣһ˹εóֻ㿪ϢڶԻ˼ȻɾôΣ˹εЦ˳
ҷϢԭôݸ塣
£ֶֻһ£źתͷϡ
˧磬Ҫ˰˹ε͵ļ磬ϵЦղס
šͰֻŻȥù䣬ش˵㡣
˹ε´Ҳ
ͺԵһ£ƺ˼ôشǸ⣬˺һͲ˵һȥ򡣡
˹εͷЦͼϵ˳ֱ»һһ㣬˳͵ģָһ𣬳˹εһۣ۾˵ġΧ˺ܶ࣬ûע⵽ǣֵˣʹ¶Цݣָذһ³˹εֱ
һֱߵǰ˲ɿ֣վڿǰһλãſʱֵŵţͷ˹εȽڳ˹ε˵һжΣܶˣ˹εվĵطԳƵϿ͵İӵǰ棬˲ҪĽӴ
ӵµͣζĿ˵ϣǰߣʱʱͷһۣȷûиû߶ãóԿףͣڲԶĺɫγǰ
½ĳͰŽ̧֮ͷʱֲһ䣺ϴĺܸɾ˹εûӻ Ƶʻλš
˹εվԶĵطûҪϳ˼Ͳ֪ڵʲôִųţһȡΧĳ½½βζø̱ǣ˹ε߹ȥֵųţŹˡ
תѺŴ򿪣˹εȥ͸߳ܿɵվŲ͡˼룬˹εһֳųһֻ쵽棬ŵָСȵع˹ͣĹ߰ĹԴԳǰŵĶƣٻɫߣѳ˹εָҲȾꡣ
ǰͺס˹εָ
ŹϣΨһԴҲʧ͵ؿڣ˹εϡûܾ˼룬ַ̧ų˹ε
·ˡ˹εС
͵ͷ漴ֵ͵͵һ
ÿ˹εչȥһ͵ǣһ㣬ظһ˵ÿ
͵ĳһ㺹ȶԽĺͱ³˹εƤʲôòÿû̫ϾСΧ˺ÿմϱߡһζһһÿ뿪ͷһۣվڿ룬ӳƹ⣬ͷ΢Цĳ˹ε
֪ôشͿų˹εָĺڷƫͷһ³˹εüģ촽
عɡ˹εֵ͵ؿڣ
áֱһ³˹εĴǣ˵ȥ
ʹһ߿³Ȼڼʻλϣ棬ҵţʻͣȥ·ϣ˹ε߰ģΪʼԽ죬Ϳʱ򣬳˹ε棬ͷǰΣȥ͵ͷ
ͺؿֻںʱƫͷȥץ֣ûƿ̵ʱְ·Żغ󾱡
ôһ·սխ·ʱ˹εֻǺ绰ͨ˹εû˵ܴˣ
ô֪
ղŸҴ绰˰ǲȥˡûش𣬺˵ҲûǰкҲ֪ǲթң˵ȥˡ
ƺԻתͷһۣ˹εЦЦѻͲĸȻأ
û˰˵ʲôأ˵ܲŻ𣿡
û¡ͣͣ˹ε˵Ҫ㣬˵סˣĶ˵Ⱥʣ˹εҵ绰
³֮ǰͽ⿪ȫתʣҪȥĶ𡣡
͸һ𡣡˹εЦЦ˵Ķȥʹۣܺ¶һЩεЦݡ
Ȼô˵ȻѾ֪ˣʱҪñߵ׼˹εҲĺ˽ĸףڸսʱֻһ£ǳȻϢҪؼǩһļ
˹εسһʹһƿĸ֭
Ҫȥһˣܿͻ˹ε΢΢̧ͷͣ˵鷳ڵһ
û¶һʧı飬ֻҡͷ˵鷳
Сʱǰ;Ѿڻˣߵʱ򣬳˹εûҪ߳͡ţ˹εѰóݸ͡
ûӣȿڣ˹εѶֱ˳ĸ֭
ҲһС˹εǰ˼ֻͷ˵ٲ𰡡
͵ͷ
ΪͺԳ˹ε֪һǵ˲ȥģ·ߵʱ򣬳˹εͿֱʱʲô顣һһЦֱƳ볨ıһ
˹εܵĺܿ죬䵹ڹſڶȥڻصСݣ˹εƿţһ۾ͿϣѾ𿪵ɫӡĴͷţƹһСƬذ壬վӰתϴŻûۺõĺɫȦ


49 
߲˹εͻǿĺþ岻ͣð˹εĺ󱳼ʪ͸ˣͳ߹ʱ򣬳˹εص¡û죬ʹۿͣ˼룬ܵ͵ʣûҵ𡣡
˹εѣû̧ͷ䷭һСƬ°ڣС˵ôˡ
˵ٲ𡣡˵ҿߵġ
ҲԣһعصˣֻҪǺͬдݣٹ֣Ͷءܳ˹εܲϣǰݳȻ͡
˹εȥͲϵȦָ⴩Ȧָ͵Ƥкᡣ˹εҪȦȡոõۺָܽһֱͣضӹȥûȡ
ʼմۿһԲֱ˹εüͷһͲָ̧֣ѹſӣָ·һˡ˹ε㶵ؿͰȦժ÷
߰ɡ
˹εڷӦΪˣרܻΪ˰Ҫȥ
ҲǸ˼˹ε̧ͷ͵ߣû˵ҲƽĲһǳѹ֪ۡôͣͣһ˹εһ죬˵㲻ϲ㻻ġ
͵ġͺȻڣ˶٣˵ûʲôϲ
á˹εԼĺܽȦͣǾͻ㡣ͽӹȦָϣڻƹСȵһΡ
𡣡˹ε߻ûȫһ룬úܳɤ˵Ӧ߲ˡ
ʲô˹ε̧ͷ
ûϽӻ˳˹εһϵȦ᲻صز˹εСй죬˹εԾһСջ֣ӳŹߣٺض˵ô졣
˹εͷһۣ̫Ѩ͵£˹εѸֵţͷ⣺̫ˡ
͵ͷһָĨ˹εͷϵĺ˿ĺܽϵѹȸ޷ӣ˹εƬƤһһ顣ûеõ𰸣΢΢ֳȣϿų˹εĽë
ΪҪʲô׵õԳ˹εû̫ҲҪͨĻȥѩ׵ļͽ֯ҺҲûֻǿһȦһƬ°ڣͿԴտաܾ˹εԼصĺ֮󣬳˹εʶصͷ
͵ų˹ε˫أ˹εͱСϣյ¶ȵĵͣƤͻȻ¶˹εԾش˸¡ʼգ˹ε̧ͷŵذһӰӡ
ֱʲôŲӣ˹εһ£Ȧ֪ʲôĲϡͺգۣƴ们ȥ͵Ӱͣһְ̧ų˹εһ㱡ĺ󾱡
ҵģһᡣ͵ͷų˹εĶֺ壬ûҡ
˹εû취˵˫ֽץ͵°ڣԴ͵ļ磬Сȵص˵ͷ;͸ǣȵһҪĶ࣬˹εۣͺĽëɨβž޷ԵĴʹ˹ε˻һ
ҧ𡣡ƿһ㣬̫߰壬ֻĴָȥ˹εЩ׵ǣûгѪͻ˵˶ԲȻ󲻴˿Ǹεظǡ
ıȳ˹εлҪǱ˼̱ڱϣͷǽתȥֽ
ҡԼɡ˹ε͵󣬰ֽ߬ģ˼룬ȥͱŪ·
û˵ų˹εĶԽԽ죬ûճ˹εֶֽ̧ͰȻѵѳ˹εӱϱһβһ߰ο˵û¡˹ε͵ؿڣҺøǱ֮ǰȥһı̬
ѳ˹ε£תӱƿˮͣڻǰ˼˹εܻϲԵʳߵ˹εԱߣѳԵĺȵĶڳ˹εԱߣͲųȥϴ衣ŰΧмʳ˹εЦ˺һûԡ
ͷβĶֻ̱ͣ϶ѣΨһĿͱµץۡ
ѹڿµֻȻ˹ε´ֻкüδӵ绰ڶʮ֮ǰҲձͱϱʱ򣬵ûһ
˹εѵ绰عȥû̫ã˽̲ιһ
ҽеĳ·ϳ˵ϣڻȥ
ˡȻ˶٣˵죬ȲҪؼңκ绰Ҳýӡ
˹εüʲô𣿡
ûʲôȻ˵ڷѡ
˹εЦû˵绰ܿҶϣ˹εջֻ̧ͷʱպÿԡ͡û£ëڼϣͷʪţˮ˳ŷҵؿڣƯ֡
ʱӦϬ£ҪȻôɣһֱͷͺȻ̧ۣߴ뿪ŵŷ죬ϡ
߽Ȼڳ˹εǰҪ𡣡
˹εֻЦôҪ߰
͵ߴӳ˹εƿڲϵĺɫȦͣһٺ˵롣
ҾͲˡ
˹εϲЦΣͺܺоġų˹ε΢ĵƹİķΧ˲þǴûеõʲôͣڴ˿̾ȻҲ޿ɾҩҪԶͷ


50 
ڶῴ绰˵ӭѾعҪӭһɶԣʳ˹εҪҪ
Ҫ¾ȥæҲûϵԺѧУҲҪġΪ˹εܾѾǰ̨̺ˡ
ӵ绰ʱ˹ε棬ûʲô̫ʹŰĳֽƷȮӣźӣ滹һ˹εûмĲϯ῵ĻͿĳ˹ε˼Ͳ֪ƮĶȥ
ιһƴ裬ͷդǰʱʱ¹Ĵ䡣
ιûȵ˵һ㣬أ
ء˹ε˵һ£ʡ
ֻ˹εŻͲһ͵֡ڲԶ˻عͷһ֮ڵϣ߹ͷӣøë˲֣Ƴûϣǲǲ𡣡
æһԡ˹εЦЦ˵и֣ҪҪһȥ
ͲֵĶһ£ԥ룬˵ȥʡ
˹εŶһȻ°ֻٵߣŻͲ˵ҲȥˡܾĻ˹ε˵Ƶᣬһȫģ˳кõһǰ
Ͳ˹εָۣĿ˵ҿȥ
ҧһڹϣɫ֭ˮ˳°ͣ˹ε˲ϲ̧ͷһۣȻ˳һԷ
˵̧Ĵָմڳ˹ε°ϵĹ֭˵ͷ˹εЦ˳ظ˵־ȥˡ
ڳ˹εķ޳ῲ⣬Ὼֻһ㣬Ҳȷʵ˳˭һ𣿡
ʶ⼸꣬˹εȦСƽʱܽгҲܴһ齫ڣڼҲĿæŸܾûŮѲ࣬벻˹εܸ˭һ𣬲˵ʮַɡ
ŶԣˣĻһλá˹εûӻ룬˭
ȫʽȥ˹ε죬ǻԲ˵˸֣͡
῵ԺѸھƽѰԴײˣŶһŲǸǰɡ
ǡ˹εϣظһ飬͡
ظῶ壬͵ӡϾִ˴ܣ;ſɵվŲֱ˹εҪæıڣûôû۵ġûٸ˹ε̧ܣϾѾԵ˹εȥ٣Ȼ֪ԭ򣬵ûҪȥ˹εùͷ
ҵ绰˹εʼسϣˮŵʱ䳤ʧ롣ϲʲôϡˮƽʱڼҳ̶ѹȿгɺСķ飬Ȼʢڲ͹ȥòӲųԡ
еÿһ鶼ܴҧмʱĹƤ֭ˮ˳ָɺܴһΡʹڳ˹ε°ʱʶûļϣվҪٶ߶μӹ˹εֹܿˡ
ô¡˹ε̧ۿȻ̧⣬ֱڲĺɫ֭ˮȫ˵һϴϴ־ͺˡ
û˵ڳ˹ε£һǱ
ϣ˹εһʰо֣ͰѶڵϵĹƤɾһߵˮϴ֡ͨʱ̣˹εҲ񴵱һ㣬Ϊ͵˺üΡ
룬˹εǰĳʻ¸߼ŵʱ򣬳˹εͻȻ뵽ʲô¡
͡
š
ٷҪӭġ
ʹۿŸֱϵָͷ˹εû⣬Ǹĸָ͵ģЩСҸӭйһΡѾˡ
֪
𣿡˹ε죬˵ҪǽĻǾͲȥˡ
̧ͷܺڵ۾·׼ʱ򿪵·ƵӲһ룬˹ε͸еһļ¡ûͿڣ˹εؿȥͷСпȥҽԺĵͼ
˵꣬ͻȻ˫۾ֳڳ˹εҰ͵ı࣬üͷ΢΢ţﲻ
˹ε۾Цͺܿ췴Ӧûȥ
ڶҡ˵
˹εĿҪͲĽëǲǲЦ
ء˼룬ȥɰͰ͵˵Ц
͸ȥ˹εѸŲȥһ㣬ϥǵ͵ȣЦźԺ󲻶ˣðɣ
һֱȺƵ˾ڱﲻסӾ￴һۣϵ˶ڳεľһʹɵЦһĬûŵ˻Цôģ˾ֶ࿴һ̵ֱջߡ
ڲŵʱ򣬺ĹµĽչ
붺Ͷûϵ


51 
ʮӺͣڷ棬˹εͷ·ĸ¥һ˹εһ߸Ǯһ߽˵ֹõͣϴԹһ򺣬ģȥˡ
ῶҲʱ˹εȻ󣬵ﻰⶼڰʾӭӹһˣ˼θǻǲǵþЩ֮ꡣ
ǲǳ˹εЩСëҲʵһգԳ˹εΏ˸ϢҶԡ
³еߣû߼˹εȻŵһɺζġתͷ˹ε·¨İţϹһдӣúɫдţ⡣
㰡˹εعͷһ͵壬ЩӣЦŵû
û˵Խ˹εͷ·ƴɨһۣСȵصͷ߹ߣζĿԽԽԶڲϵ̺߽ľƵʱǸζױľѬûӭ˰룬Ů˵ͷ΢Цӭǽȥߵݿڵʱ͵ĽŲס
ôˣŲһ׵ľ룬˹εͷ
ûʲô飬Ҳƽ˹ε˵ҳȥһˡ
û˵ҪȥĶȥʱͬգ˹εٵͻһԲ˼ʧͷ˵һֱȥ100ҡ˵ãȻתߣŲ죬ߵſڵʱķͷ
ݵˡ
˹εŮ˵ʵŵڵǰֱۣ˹ε˵˾ллⶰ¥ĺ󣬵ʮ¥ֻᣬǽޣ˽Լǿ100ſڣӭ̧ţͣ˼֮Űƿ
ռ伫󣬳Ŀ̱ɳϣͷſڿһۣתͷһߵĺ˵ǳ˹ε˰ȥĦгҿ졣
ɳһεؿų˹εƽʱǶ޲óٵСʱ𣿡˹ε߽ȥб˳ĿһۣĿƲƲ죬̶ʢˮ̻Ҹס
̧ǰ̣˹εʣӭû
ҳʱڻױ껹ҪȥƵǸѡ῵ͷ˵ֵȼʳĿͷۣ԰Ѳ˵ӸĿɡ
Ŀһ۶û˫ֽԺͷ˵ʲôѣȫĲ͵ˡһ仰˵ƮƮÿֶƱһ벻Լ׬Ǯϵһˣ˹εվװݻİһβ޷ԵĲʸС
ճĿ˼῰Ѳ˵ãͻȻ뵽ʲôͷʳ˹ε첻˵𣿡
ţ¥¡
ˡŴվŵĳĿͷڣӭЦĿݳå
˹٣Ц߳ȥ˹εվ󣬿Ŵӵɫ̺ˡŰɫȹӭǰ棬ԱǴųµͬӣ棬ЦŴȤΰ÷ͦ˧
ûǺͷȥ˹εͦ˧԰ɣ
˹εûش𣬲ԸۣʼվûӭߵǸˣԽͷ䵽˺ϡߵĻαڵţЦĿŮĵļ䣬˵עӦطϡ
ûϿͣҲûһֻŵϴװźһжǳɫ⡣
ӭߵǰЦŴкþò˰
ɨһԱߵˣ٩Ļû˵ڣ˹εͻȻʣõ˭ӡ˹εƽΧȴȻȥ˵Ͷվں͡
ӷȥûشҲûˣֻߵ˹εǰϴݹȥ˵ˣʣ顣ָϵϴػΣڵڴĨһƬģİףոŵֳڿ
ͣ˼룬˹εѴӽӹָǲ¿ռĸ£˹εͻȻۿᡣ
˭ӡ˹εתһ飬εȻϴθ䡣
ѵġӭԲһҪƵ꣬Ҿˣߵĵ̺䣬¥¸պıڣһæ
ǲм𣿡˹εشɨվǰˣЦ𣿡
˺ü˹εŶһϵЦݸ󣺡ǰɣǲǵӢ﷭
˹εӭߣ̫ˡ
֣˹εɤЦǰ˼վںɫǰıǸһǮ𣿡µͬʱ˹εԥ̧ߵǰ䣬ĵ̺ϣһ졣
˹ε̧ۣɫ𽥱ˣЦһʲô
޿̣־Ҫץ˹ε죬˱һ߬ų˹εֱ۰󣬽ְ̧˵ִһߡһڿը͵ڳ˹εǰ棬ջ֣۵׵ĺΡ
˵һͷֱϷٺ׵ӡӣø֮ǰҪȥˡʹʱֲ֪ģƽʱʳĵ赸Աȫ͵Ķ֡
ⷹǳ԰ɡ˹εɨһۣһﲻסһ˵꣬˹εһֻ֣߬ͻعͷ˹ε۾С˵ߣҴȥԺóԵġ
͵ͷڳ˹εݼߣߵսǴʱתͷһۣƺȷûٳ
һֱ˹εʧҰվԱ߿ĺûɴۣƫͷʱպײϸͬһĳĿǱΏڰӭЩа飬վĿԱߣСس˸ͣոʲô
ʶ˹εôãȻе㽿ȴûмƹˣǳĿźҡҡͷ


52 
˹εԼսݵʱһӻ𣬵Уʼվֱ߿λãһԲʮ¥һ¥мûͣҲͼʮʱ䣬ҲûȰû˺壬´򿪵ʱ򣬳˹εԼˡ
ĺûϢ߳ݣĽŲ˹ε˼ΰһʱϵĴȻһᡣ˹εͷȥװĴӵײֱسţͣͣ˵еˡ
Ҳԡ
ȵĺóԡ˵ȥһ¡
ָţ˹ε̧ۿͣ䣺ӭ͸ࣿ
ùŹվԱߣӰԭΪͲ𰸣죬˵ѡ
Ϊѣ԰һҲûʲô˵ġ
ˣûϢûϢɣʲôƨҲҪˣڵٲȼҲûϵ˹εس˿Ǳ߿˿ʣȥʲô˹εͶӣ˵Ƭûô
ո˵˵
Ƿźݻڡ˹ε⣬յǶ֪ɣ͸ô˵ͺգգۣһûӦģ˹εЦ˳̧͵ֱۣѧû
ʹ۾ЦѲƿʾ˹εȳȥ˹εûҪ˼վԱߣü
ѧˡ
⻹ࡣ˹ε߳ȥȻת˵´νô˳еߣ˵Ӱӵһ𣬵ȴƵʱ򣬳˹εȻȥ׽͵֣ʮָۡΧûˣ谵Ĺ͵ĳΧָһһµز˹εֱֱ˹εٴ¶Цݡ
˹εƬ죬ֺʳ·˼Сꡣϵīɫһתһ죬̧ͷһۣȷȵİȫָó˹εȥǽλá
ʲô
С˹εֽԼߵӲɾ֮쳤ֱȥǱߣҸһġ
ߵ̨͵ţ棬ٸǮʱֽ˵һӸ嵰ڵȲ͵ʱ򣬵½½ˣǿҹ˾̨ɤӴ¡վڳͿڣԽһԴ˹εߵһ룬ͳ˸ͣҪ
˹ε°ͣҡҡͷ
ͶŲ߹ϣ˹ε̧ԭôðѼӵţڳ˹εǰĻԴûֱ̧˵ط˵á
ձḶ́˹εÿӴøϼ嵰ûסЦ˳
ǶٷԵһ룬͵ֻһ߽ӵ绰һվȥԱߵıƿˮüֻʹӿӺӣָƿڣصһƿǱ̼ᶥɳȥ
һ𡣡Ͱˮݸ˹ε
绰ͷ˲֪˵ʲôͿ˳˹εһۣͣͣŻش˵ڹȥ
߸հѵ绰ҵ˹εˮƫͷϰ˰֣ܴ𣿡
ôˣֻԲߣ
㲻Ҫ𣿡˹εЦ˵Ҹһ𡣡Աߵļ˻ΧŴţƣײ̶ȫϱߣһҪһʱ̣Ҳȷʵˡ
˹εϸ͵漴ǲҸŲ㰡
Ҫȥ˾˶٣ֲ䣬Ҫһϡ
ȥծ˹εû˵ϰոնϵз˹εϣٸ˳ϹϵӦҲ֪ģʲôû˵˹εٲԸҲɡ
ðɡ˹εӣŽעⰲȫ
ԭ·ڵ𣬵ִҪͻعǣ̫ˡ˹εֲֻЭϳ֮󣬳˹εͳֻĻʾüҳδϢ㿪Ǻذһèèͷı
ֻ˹εŻ谵͵Ĳ˵ȥһˡ
ûоܾҲûԭתͷͷ˵á⳵ǰ·ڵͷŶԽ·ϵ˺ͳԽ٣ߵ·ᴩĶᣬ˹εʶŤͷȥ͡
Ϳ⣬֪ʲô
ʮӺͣڹԢ¥£˹ε³ͷʱҲˡ˹εͣ¶Цݣֲ·
֪Ȼô˵ͻִҪ¥
ڶ컹˹εԪ¥ߵʱȴһͷѧУʱ¥ѷֵ£˵Ľʱ򣬳˹εֻǵƳһۣڿ˵鲻顣
ȷʵ飬С룬ڿ֮ǰ˹εһλͷȥͣӻָվ·£ӿ죬һʱᱻĺɫ
ų˹εʧſڣվһתӶ緢ĵַЩ룬ͿŲӿֻϢ㿪һһ໰ظϵ
ʻ֮·ϵĳԱ࣬ʮ·ڵʱ͸Ǯ˳·ˢŲ̤һţںҹзɿشڳȥúܿ죬ﵽĿĵصʱ˲١
վſڣóʱֳԴһƣڿըѱƫԴתʹۿǰˣûʲô˵ҳٵˡ
ٵˣһڣʳָһһµ͵ļ򣬡ʮ˵һǸʲôﰡ㣡
ʼճĬи̲סСѣФɽǸɡ
żʮ󣬶类Цŵͷ˵У˵꣬תߣ·ʯʱ͵̧ȳͰ˹ȥ
ֵµΧ鸴ӵؿ磬û¶ɣ
û¡ͺӿʹȧǣתߣ֮ǰԱ˵ҡ
һĤAֽݹ͵ͷüӺڴдţ


53 
Ϻܼ򵥣һҳAֽдʮͷصһҽĹ˾ܾӺĶסڱءϳԱߵСܸ͵̣ҡҡͷָסַʣڼ𡣡
ڡɫȼ̺̾ܿᣬ˰ѳҡ˵絽ԴǵķɻмǶ׵㣬˵˻ֱؼˣҲûš
̥һӣ͵ػһ£Աһ˳ָȥһ໰һĿϵ̻ңͿһۣ̼
лл硪û˵꣬ͿͰͷڽűߵֽϣ˼£һɫۼֶ̧⡣
ʮӺ󣬳ͣڼԺ棬Ϳ³·ſмһơĴɨһۣתͷ˵˸ȥڳϵȡ
̫ע⣬ʹСߣŽڵʱ̧ߵߵӡ̵̧ͷһۣɫڵߣڴʱ˿ڴߴơ
ʲôңţͷʱɤӸ˵´βͲ㿪˰û˵բǰߣ˽ں档ӭŻ·ƣʹżͣ¥£ŵʱͻͷһ̫󡣡
߰ȫͨϵ¥խ¥ͣһɫķǰ̧ͷȷƺţֵ̧סèۣһֻߵšʱӽҹܲӦţͺƽվȣÿ룬΢ָٴߵš
ʮһЩ۵
˭
˶٣ְֲ֡
ڵʧվ棬ֱͷصưȥ̧šȵĵٴ𣬳ͣԵȵЩͷü˵ҿ߼ҶûӦûסˣ˾ֱš
ͳţͷһۣûʲô顣
ôһۣ˺֪ʶո¥ʱͽǾ䡰һС㡱ʲô˼ǶӣŮ˺СǼѹŻһȣСʱȥڵϣֻʣͻվſڣʮĵؼš
֪˶£ڵͺһž޿̵һ໰ãû꣡
˵С̽ŷ죬ͱ߳ͷͷͺܺڵ۾ɨڵϵˣ˫۵ɴʶҪȥšһŰѣһֻѸϸխŷ죬Źϵ˲䣬ݺݼѹ͵ơ
˼״æţüͿŷ֣Фɽ
ûʲô飬ۣɫԽƽš˵ŵľõĸŰԵݽ͵ֱۣ˲ɵõһ
ŷָضһ£Ϳظһ飺ſ
һĽֱϣ̽˰Դ͵к죬ָץ°ڣغְ֡
˻ȥ˯ŤͷС˵ٺܿ죬˯ȥкվŲȥץС֣ŵһ㣬ءŷһָŰ壬űˡ
ĳһ亹СβסĲ
һƬϺֱͿһۣ˵
ҪȫǶ֣ֱͦļһתӣֱ˺ң߳šŸһϣһֱվ˴ӶͳһֽӸֻһۣء
塭Ҳʶˡ˵
ͶЩȫȻ⣬ֻʣǮʲôʱܻϡ
˵ˣҸʶˣüֽֿʼ˵ǷǮҾǷǮˣ
û˵꣬ͺЦ˳˫ֱǰôҿţҭһ£ҲòȻܿϵļ˶ҼſڣҼﻹźӣ˭ҿţ
岻ң㲻ʶ߽һ㣬ְŵǰӦ
ûͻȻ˼ţָǣڸϿߣҪȻұˣ
վԱߵ޿̣ǰץ죬ҧź棺Ҫ
˭Ҫ˭ĹΪҲ֪һͨ죬ѵǰƿڴȥֻһظھͱ
û˵ֻǿóֵָֻĻ룬١ۿֻѾѾ뱨绰ڰ²ͨǰһ룬ͺȻǰ֣һѳֻޱ棬ȳһ죬ǲըѵ
ֻߵһߣ̧ͷ룬ʣǮܻ𡣡ǽķѵֻĻЦһ˵Ҫҡ
Ѿãʹ׼ſڴ̣̺ñֻֽʽ֣ڵϵļ̧ͷͿȥ
óֻͿһĻ죬̧һߡźһһͰɫͨ
˳𣿡˹εٺǺ˾ƣЦ޷ԡ
͵ͷش˵˳
绰ͷ˹εЦȻ˵Ǿͺá
һݵĳĬͷصưȥ˼һ仰Ҫ˵ʲôʱ򣬳˹εȻ˵һ°
ֻû˵ڣͲǱһϸ֮¿ιһ̵һڣ;Ѿǳ˹εˡ
û˵˵⣬ò£Ǹ汳ңһ˵̾ȻֻǱߵ˸˵Բ𡣡
䣬˹εԶ͸Ͳ𣿡
Ͱֻĸش𣺡ˡ
ոΰ֪ˣҪǸ˹ε˵Ǹ£ǿԲԭ
ֱ׵úܸߣɫۣ;ԼʧȥʹСǽϵĺɫù㣬ʼսŵļڷɣĳֵͲ˹εǳǳĺﵽߵ㡣


54 
̽˵κֶſڵʱ򣬳Ȼڿ˾ϸȵı˾飬׶ζڳȻ˵ޱҪʣҳû꣬Ȼ˵ĳüûüظ̣˾ֱ鷿ŵĶܴĴСȰڶ
ǰɣκǺ죬ԱȰĳƿߵǰѶļϡ
˵ǰɣκŵͷĳȻЦһְֱȥ߳Ȼƽԣң㿴ˣվſȫҶֱȻʾųȥ̲Żŵ˺üͷųȥ
°ȻŹϣ˫ͨκڣȥκͬʱȻߵԱߣƽԣĻԵѿһС飬ָᴥһĻ
ϴѾ˵ĺˡƽԷŻȥȻתӣûʲô飬Ĳ㻹ⲻˣ
ˣȥҪİɣκǰŨľóȻƫƫͷ깫˾ѵʱǮô꣬ûйҲпͣͷҪֵز𣿡
ǮҺܸмҲѾԱлҪߵʻˡ
ܷԼ͹˾ԱйͻǿҲ˵ֻҪ㿴һ˾ÿĲƱֵ֪زѾˡȻعͷգգۣȥηҲ֡
ҵܵܣ
ֻҪǮϵĻ󵽷ڣɫڷˮشתȻ߹ȥصأ˾ĴˣڲǮֻҪûֽĻùȨ֡
ʶô꣬ȻǸȻӴѧʱڿʼ˵Զ߼ǢҲ©ٴŭײ϶ʯͶϷһ⣬ʲôС
صĴܸӿκһȥֻ㶼õġյЮŵľκһͷͷվڴ߰ȲĳȻ
ʼҽ飬ӦСȴֱӣٵڡ㶼õġ
óۣκڵϣҡͷЦ˳
Ц̶ܴȻµõ廨꣬ӷڴɵϣͣ˼룬תͷ㵱ʱΪʲôͬҽ飿ΪԼˣΪסҵΪԼǰ;
Ȼûü˵ڣԭͷκٿȻ̧ͷЦŷΪʲô
Ȼ侲κ˴𰸣ΪҰ㡣
ףǱųȻϳֵһ˿ɶκϵЦݸ󡣱Ĵ˵κԼûƣû֪ȻҪҪ죬ж࿪ġΪʱִ٣ʱװȫվ̨ϣɫɴĳȻӭߣ߹ʱָֹסĲ
ʮ굽ʮ꣬ᴩѧģȷ۶ֻгȻ
лл
ҲҪȲ˾
лģȻĸлκһӸ飬ҪҲġΪаܿ˾ҲΪ¸жһ
κûԲ飬ҪһԼĺӡ
㱱׻飬κǿվͳȻӣ˵ɡ
ۣʱָΣ֮䣬޷Խ塣Ȼ򿪳룬óɫļУϣȿĵطٸġ
ȻЭ鶼ǰ׼ˡκ̧ͷվھ޴ĳȻǡһ涼
ںܿѧͳ˹εѧУһ Ͽʱ仹磬ͣ£˹ε³
˹εû˵͵ļ磬ȥͺ󾱵ͷͷϵ˿ϣ³ͷһֱæûʱȥӿϲ˸ɫƤ£Ժ
̫ˡ׽ס˹ε֣һֻժƤĺڷɢڶǰסߣ׼ȥ
ü˹ε͵֣˵ÿ
͵ͷǾͲ
ŷʷΣȤ𣿡˹εЩͻָǽڣǸͦϽڣر˼ʲôʼʷ֮ġ
ͶԳ˹εһ򲻻ܾڵõ͵֮ͬ󣬳˹εЦԴز͵ļͷŪеûбܿ
ʱһһţڳĥ˶ʮӺ󣬳˹εڿ³·վڶ֡ڳ˹εͻѧų˹εӣֻ̧¡
һֱų˹εʧȺͲؼʻλûüпֻ̨
ɿɲ֮󣬰ᡣ
硭ɱˣ
һɲȥ̥ˮϻһںۡ
ҽԺ𣿡
ûˣ˺öѪǲҽԺµʱ򲻺ý
ҽԺ
ǡ
˵ҽԺʹת򣬵תͷתܿ복Ҹ𡣡


55 
̨ףƿȫͨţһͷߣվſڳ̵˰ͷڵϲ𣬳߹ȥȥҽԺ˵ҪմŸɺԵɫѪͿһۣŽȥ
һƬǽ壬̺ǲƬͲҶŵڵϣ̱ǽǣ°ѪŸֽ߬һˮ߽˹ŵкֿʼޣЪ˹ļС
ûֱߵǰΪʧѪ࣬촽Ѿʼףƺһŵֶͣڿл¡СڽУͶȥһץס󣬻һᣬг£žવڵذϡ
СݡͿڣˡ
СϽ䣬˾໰ҪŲСߵ͵СȡŹϵһ룬޺᲻٣ַ˿ϵ֣ڲ˼ֻ࣬ΪѪֹ
ˡּϵˮָ΢΢£ŵг£ڰСȵػΡ˵꣬еתһ㿿壬׼ȷͣദ
ɵصؿڣ⴩ƤϣƵʶȻ죬˿ߴѪƿͿŵ˵΢΢ݽƤ
𣿡
Цһ죬˵㲻Żҡ
òŻ㡣ޱ飬ͱҪ۵Ķࡣ˵꣬ͺȻϥǣѹѪֹ˿ڣ󣬵Ǽͷϵ˲Ϳ
ֱļתɵʣͲſڶۡ
ʪͰܿ˿ڣ˳ߴɳϵסڳ֮ǰתͷ˽⣬Ҫ˱ѺӴߡعͷʱͶĿ⣬ĿͿΣƽظӣֱҧźͷ
ˣʹ߲ݣû¼̨ף˫ȾͿʼ󼸲ͼǰġ߳СͰҵǼҽԺ͹ȥ
ҽԺֱңͲ˽ǰ̨ĻܹæƼðѪ˿ʱ̲סۣͿȥ
ôŪģʿ۾ʱʱɨ£ƺѾȷ;ֻ֣Ҫڣһͻᱨ
ͼߣʼնĬţ˿ĭ˵ԼСġʱ˲Ϲܴ𰸵ʵԣʿüϴȣȻ̧ӡ
վڽ䣬ʿƿ߳ûһѪȥͿ˿ڣӦûʲô£ת߳Ҵţʹ˸绰
ô
УŸŵòᣬڻˡҰصˣŪ˵Եĸǡ
͵ͷҽԺţû¶˰ͻؼҡ
绰ͷĬ룬ͣ˰Σ¿ڣǱߡô˵
ʹָۣ껢ϸɵѪ³֣㲻ùܡ
ֳô£ûյϢĻǷ֮ҲҪˡҲûʲôᣬÿԸ̸ͬ¡
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˹ε֮ǰļƻ̧ͷԶǳɫƲĸ¥
վŸ͵˼תϽüͷĻʿ
ѪȥǱ߽ɷѰɡʿѵӵݹȥͽӹһۣü΢
⣿
ûС
ʿһۣת߽һҡ
Žɷѵ߽ңƿɫӣڲϵۣ͸ӣĿӿڴ

̧ۿѹѹĿɨʱı±ýš
ǮûҵǮվֱ룬ʣǮء
ϸһ˿Ц漴شǱ𣿡
ϸһ˿Ц漴شǶ𣿡
⻰˵û⣬óֻҳ棺˵룬ǮۣĬ˺һһ롣ȥ²ͨʾ˽ͨͰֻŵߣʾ˵
ʡҽһ°ɣǮ˵꣬ܶûлظջֻҶϵ绰
ڵȴʱһԲվԱߣʱʱһֻʱ䡣ѾȥʮӣٵӣûҪ뿪ֻͬʱСȵػһ£һֻӱƿ
̶ֻˣһнż룬Ϳ˫ۡ
κıתͰѽɷѵݹȥ侲Ǯ𡣡


56 
վͣκӿڴͳ̣һݸͣҡͷܾκһ̵߰һߺظпôٻɫ˿κһڣǹǺ˵ζ˲ӿǻκŻǵ̻صڵϡ
㲻ûˣΪ뿪֮ǰκȻͿʼ־ӣûû˺κĳҹһɫ˫뿪
ˡκתͷͣͱһ㣬ȥͶʱȻѾҪ΢΢ͷˡ
ûӻκҲֻϸϸͣͣŽ˵벻ôȥȻȻ¡
ƽ˵Ҹɻ˾Ǯ
Ϊʲô𡪡˵κǺس鶯˿̣ŵҵܵܣ֮ǰ߹ˣȻʲô֪Ҫ
κƣֱڲܵİ̺ϣ˵֪ô겻ףԼĶӣ˼ġͷڵϣκƤЬȻ߽һЩվš
ҿ԰㣬Ҳ԰ҡκְ̧͵ļĿԶһȥ
һЩͲŷκ࣬βϸܣ¶ôǶô⡣뱣õĳȻȣǸͣ緢Ѿʧþá
Ա߳һκϵЩεڰգûпڻӦϵıѾĴ𰸡
ûϵκЦЦӳ¿ڴͳƬУһƬݸͣԺԳϵĵ绰վûκҡͷЦЦƿ͵·°ڣƬĿӿڴȻú˵һֱ㵱Ҷӡ
רҵν˹εϵԣһԱſϵĺһۣŤͷų˹ε¿𣿡
˹εƳһۣһĿˮ
ֱǣֱֱۣ򴦹ͷʼԹϿ̫ˡ˹εûʰ궫վߣں棬СߵԱߣͳֻۣЦüҶϷˣȥǶ
ȥȥ˹ε
ôǳأ˵ǶǸ𣿡
˹εͣתͷźϵı鵭ģϹǸǷܣΪҿ
͵ˡִڴһֲǲ֪Сڼģʲô˵㣬ֳӭǸӡô˵ҲûӵˣԸǸѾˡ
ѧ¥ǲ˵ɫƺ˹εñӣؽӰס˹εֱۣ˵еĻϽͣ῵Ǹаɣ
ûȥǸ
Ц˾໰ı˱˻԰
߳Уţȳ˹εȿͣѧУſڵĳŶŴ̫վڳԵͣʶҡͷп̰û˵˶ڳȵġ
˹εûֱߵǰĿͶͷϵıͣ룬С˵ôȣ´οڳȡ
áƵǱߣ˹εʻţ˹εЦȥͰѳŹϣصһϳ¶ڴ˿̳֣͸ǰϵȫˣ죬һһߺ磬û㣬ǲҲ˳ҿţ
˹εѿյ¶ȵͣͷƳһۣԼû֣
㻹˼Ҹ㿪ţû֣Ѹٷ
š˹εͷֱ׳ؽӻû֡
ҭסЦһӿαŴҡҡͷ
ں̵ƿڵ˽ʮ룬˹εժñӣͷ˵ȥϷɣ
áת̣ţִڷϣ㡣
һ𡣡˹εתͷ˵һ𡣡
߲ܰӰϣͣ˼룬Ͳ˵Ҳ档
ûȳ˹ε˵ǰ˵򵥵ĺܣɫϷҪʵֱĻ̰һ뵽һ޵е˶齨¶Цݣְų˹εļ磬Ц˵ÿδٸ裬Ͳϣ޵ˣ
źЦתͷӰ˳תѹŰĿڳ˹εͷֻϡֺþδð˳ʶջ֣Щŵؿͣҡô𣿡
ջߣͲһűͻسͣ˰Σʮƽû¡
ʻסСѳͣã˵ݡ;˹εͿʲʣҡͷ˶ַʻس˹ε˹εҲЦҡҡͷվԱ߿֣Ҳ֡
Ŵ򿪣˼ϣߵſ룬䵽һʱŴȻЩͷҾ׼ߡ
Ȼסͣ῵ıЩȻ
Žȥڵϣһ·Сܵ輸ߣڵ̺ϲϷװ˹εЦЦ˵ţġ
վ⣬˵Ҳᶯ֡
ˡ῰ѳ˹εƽݣŰһСʾͽЬ´һ̧ۡ
죬Բסˡ˵ãҺͺ
վֱһ㣬ְ̧ŹϣŻش𣺡û¡
ΪõϷΧûƣ͸Ϸ淨˳˸欵ŮԽɫȷϵһ룬ͶŵĻϴŷɫ۵˫β̧ͷ˹εͶߡ
˹εžƹ͵Ŀ⣬˹εתͷĻ˲ЦԱߣЦĶᣬǱ߰ѾƵã˹εű͵ߣӳŷɫĹߣ˵ѾƺˣҾ͸㻻
ԭֻǿЦһ룬Ȼס;֣ͷȹⲣɫʿɡῺͺɫûעɳˣĻ˸˹εһǣ촽ġ
˹εշ̣ոձȾƵԼ
֮䣬˹ε͵촽źϣڸһ°ɡ
˹ε˼룬Ȼͷ˵ãھͻ


57 
ˡϷֱڵ̺ϣһͷԵɳϣȺ롣˹εǽЦžƱҡҡλε߹ȥһ߿ȣͶ棺˵Ҫ档
Ķˣһͦ£ڿblue
˹εۿϷĻ͵ϥǣЦ˵һֹסֱİֱ۸˹εһ
ʮǰϷտʼڳ˹εɫͷԣԼͻ˸½ɫ˶һ³սʿƳϷĻʱҪʹ˾һսʮ룬;ͱĺӴ󺺾ɱǺ޲ֵ׼ͻɫʱ򣬳˹ε;ɱֱ˵һ棬۸ˡ
УոǰѲ㣬˰ɣȥ̧̧°ͣٿһѡ
ò˵һʿ¶ǴͨζڶǿѪŵ󵹼ʱҲӸտʼ̱ɳתΪڵԱߣһʹһ߸Լľȥȥ
ڶƽָգǺجΣֺܿ죬Ϥ֮ûӮ˵ľɱ¼롣῰ѩⶪƱһڻɫҺɳ˵Ĳˡ
˵ʲô˹εȫûոջ˸ϷһȥӪȹսʿŵԼǰɫС˿һ˹ε㣬Դɳɴùˡ
ҪӰ͵İ;
ѪˡͰһֱȻƫͷ۾ҪҪιӡ
ð˹εֱ֧ӳ΢΢ſ죬һβϵֳһƬ͵ƣڳ˹ε촽ϡϷڼѾҪճɻҽѪѸ½룬Ǽѳ顣
ĴָǣûɵľգͶų˹εƤϵͣ
治ˣҸpkһѣƿŹ򵽵̺ϣϵϷֱ
һֱݸΰ͸˹εɳϿpkϷܴ󣬰źʱʱĺУ˹εЦȥԴ͵ļͷ
һҪȥһˡ͵ܳ
˹ε̧ۣ¶Ͽ͵ߣͽ˵컹ûι˹εûκֻĬضͺܿͶһ죬˵Ҫȥһ¶
ʲôˣ˹εЦʧ룬Щʣǲǹˣ鷳Ͳ˵˹ε񿨴ĸһʣüͷһ𣬺޲ϡ
ûС֣ų˹εͷ°ؼͷͣͣ˵㻻
ձȥĳ˹ε˲ļٵģ
͵СȵϹ˹ͷش˵ġ
˹εķӦҪĶ࣬ܿĵЦ۾гһߣһȥϵơһ˵˺ãǸƨǸʲô翴ˡ
˲䣬ɫѿĭƿӿ˹εͷȥϵľƣͿų˹εë׵Դû˵ÿлʱ򣬳˹εûڰҹһͨ绰˯˳˳
ѡ񰡡˹ε˵ԼĺܺãûҪָֻš
ϷڽҰΰľƾ辢һӾҪҡæקס˹ε״ҲվơͣȥֱźĲӡ
˺ܿŤһ뵹ڵ̺ϣԽԽЦ˹εŤͷͣ۾Ϳ˳˹εþãõơƹľָŶһ£ͷ˿ơơ
ں˾Ʋܿһֱȵ賿ŸϢûʱ䡣ظٶ֮Ŀ죬ֻм򵥵֣£
תͷڵ̺˯ȥˣյ¶ȵĵֽͣм䣬˹εϣӦҲǾ䣬°졣߹ȥϥ΢΢ִڳ˹εľִϥ䣬ѳ˹εɳϡ
صյ°ѳ˹εѣվһߵ¼ǰѹķڳ˹εϡ
߳ȥ͸˸绰绰ܿͨ
ţôˣ
ڹ˾𡣡˵ڵĻҹȥһˡ
а¡µĹƤ˵¶쵽˼Ҳɱһûüлء
ûӻֻ˵ڹȥ
賿·ûʲôͲȷƼܹܲأС·ߡʮӺ󣬴ӿڣͲ˽ɲѳͣ·ߡ
˾һƬΧſڴƵļŤͷȥϣ༷üŪ۵Ц;ֱ칫ߣһϵ㲻˺סƤЦ˵Фɽ˰ʱǵҲס
ûͷ̧ţŽȥɢζڰ칫ŵǩ»Ρ
ʲôµ绰ﲻ˵󿿣̱ϰϣϸ𵭵Ц⣬ôˣܹ
̸ͬ¡ƽ˵Ҳˡ
Ŷõǩͷ´棬ɣ
ˡ
ЦվƵ칫ǰأˣ
ǷǮͿŶٻҲ
Цһ㻹װʲôװ㲻֪Ǯ˲̸е𣿡Ŀڶϣ͵üͷһƺ˼ʲô˼
㲻֪һ㣬漴Ц
ǸˣǮҲˡ
ûʲô΢΢ǰ͵Ķ䣬ͷ


58 
ߵʮյѣֳŵ̺żת²ӣĿͣڱɳϵĳ˹εϡ
ۣŅ̀֡ȳ˹εĺһţҸῶ˯ϣԼɳȥˡ֪ԼҸ·ϣܴ󣬳˹εһֱʣء
֪Ĵɨһۣȥ緹˰ɡ
ɣȥ緹϶ֻ˹εһ˵ġŵһְŲӣ˾໰ݣˡ
ƤЦ߹ȥڰյָ˶ƤЦ˵òð㰴һ£
ԶЦֻܿŲӣתͷ˵Ϳʼˡ
˻ȥԡϴʱ򣬳˹εɳۿŸķ£˹εЦЦ綯ˢӲź󴫳ߵڵ̺ޣ˹εߵشߣʹ˸绰
һŽͨͲЩƣ˹εʣһû˯
绰ͷĬ룬ͲŻش𣺡һСʱ
ǲ鷳شԼĵӰ˹εʣߣ
ûС
鷳˵ҹܲ˺Ҳܹܡ
ͺЦһ£ͣ˼룬˵ûС
ðɡ˹εͷ׼֮ǰЩٴӿ䣬ȥ㣿
еˡ˹εֻʱ䣬һĳֱȥѧУĻȥ˯һɡ
ҲͣƬ̣˹ε˵ϣȥ㡣
ð˹εŴ¥ҡε˵
ˢʱÿվشǰ绰ĳ˹εˢأ°ϵĭֲ˭绰أ
ҵ绰˹ε˵
ļٵģ߹ȥü˹εﰵȥֻĻҰָ绰ˣǲȥĶˣݣҾ֪ȥҹѳͣᱻ֡
ֻŽڴ˹εŤͷź鸴ӡ
治֪ôϵѧġ
һɻῴϴ˰ѻڵˮͷӵҾȻܱҵ
˵ʵ˹εֵ̾׻˶Ǯͽģ˵ϣڷӦԼˣȫһһ֮ͨ󣬹Ųӳ˹ε˿ĭ˹εŶ㿪ˡ
һ ΣʱģѹԴںţ¶һֻʾ˹εڻ˹εװûڲĳĿƳһۣ߾ָԱߵĺ
һſͷλͬѧһоɡ
ڸﻺ̧ͷͣ˼룬¶һЩεЦݣ˵ʦ治˼Ƚæûüоء
ŮЦվڽ̨ϵĽƳһۣЦһϿβԴʱ͹оˡ
ĿЦſϣŰǻ˵ǡ
ĿһۣڰעתƵϣα۳˹εĵĻ۾𽥵ɴ󣺡ʲôʱдôˣ
ȳ˹ε˵ְĻתԼָڴϻ£·˺üҳʶһ⣺һģһûдˣֻԼ
컹˵ǲˣǲ̸ˡһֱ͵͵ģ˹εѵԿϣšȪˮƿǣ˺һۣдĻñ㣿
ʣµʮ¶ֻ¼ｨ˸ĵдţġ
ڰ¿Σֻһţܳȥһξŷֳ˹εѹûۻȥſŽͷֻĳ˹ε˼˻ûӦſںԷ⣡
˹εһ߿ֻһߣú棬쳤Ҫ˹εĻտԻһžһƬڣϳ˹εߣʼ磺һôˣҪ뿴ҵģ㿴
û˵ĻֻϣͳֻһۣӿŲѾڷˣǳʲôʳ
Сߵ¶ĵط˹εӰͳɡ
磬ܲɡ𣿡鸴ӵؿɡϡͨ硱֡
˹εȫûſɡߣں泤̾СȥУԷ˺ܶ࣬һѺɫɡĳ˹εʮۣԱߵĺʼ˼ƫƫ˹Ĳһ¿ˮ̵ģ
˳ߣ·ڵȺƵʱ򣬺Ȼһۡ
Ҳˣ˹εʡ
һΪҵĻþ˹εӣӳУž;òˡ
˹εվɡµӰһǰҾͷˣ˸ҡ
֪˭𣿡Цݣѹĺܵ͡
˹εҡҡͷɡ̧ߣ۾·ڵĺƣû¶
˸ҲǵһηȻôסҵľǹݺ侲⹫˾Ԫϣڵ򽻵Ӳŵ¶ûȻв٣߱ڱ¡
̵𣬳˹εȺЮǰߣܿߵ꣬Ա߽ᣬ˹ε߻ɡΰִǲ˸ų˹ε
ῷ˵һ٣漴ϲ˵üʲô
˸ٳ˹ε˱ˮ⼸¶
Ӧòǣٵѵأִʶˡ˹εɡŵԱߣ£̧ۿڶΰЦЦʺִҲ⡣
Ὼܿ췴Ӧ˹ε˼ִ²һˣ˹εǸɷȥˡ
ǺֵܡҲЦ
Ȼô˵Ͼ˸ٲʲôС£ûץĻ֮ǰ˹εİȫҲ޷֤ĿοϿɲϣó˹εȻȥúϿ˹εʼǡ
лл㡣˹ε˿ˮ
µͷϵͣ˵
극Ҫѳ˹εͻؼңվڳ⣬šüʣ治Ҹһ𣿡
㻹ģɨһۣ˵˵ˣʲô¶Ҳסϴαִ˴ʲôˣ
῵Ѹٺȥҧź³֣㡣
֮󣬺һ·ϿٵҪʱԱߵĳ˹εȻְŷ̡
ؼҡ˹ε˹ַͣټ룬˵ƼȦٹȥ
ϵĵӹˣٸ鷳鷳˭ԸٰҲ
ʻʱ򣬺ѳ٣Ĺᣬ˹ε󳵾˵Ӧûš
ͷ֮ͷ򿪡
Խӽ·ϵĳԽ٣˹εⷱʢֻͩһƽְУԴǸЩªĹΪİȫݣǸﻹ͡
ս˵Ĵ̥һɫҰ𽥱ģ˹εһ۾ͿԶڹվŵͣɫӰǰվڶһˡ
ѳͣ£ɳһĳɢų
Ͱɣ
ĳӺһ𣬳˹ε⿪ȫ۾ŲԶˡſ壬վͶˣﻹһ޴
˹ε³ϳŵ˲䣬ںˡ˹εûܣɶŻͷǰߣչ»̵Ƥۡ
ͷٶȺܿ죬˵ײһԭײҲǾ󻯵ģҰŻߵȼ
ͬһʱ䣬һ˵ίʣڿտϵһƬɢĻ
Фˡ


59 
ĳ»ͻȻŷŰƩ˹εڴҵչɹڴܿա
ûվǰˣͿ첽˹ε߹ȥֵ̧ڳ˹εͷһСƬӰ˹ε̧ͷ죬ѡ۲˵
˹εİӳŰԽԽСԱߣûľЩΣ죬ѰݹȥˡͺȻֽ̧ӹȥһҲûֻų˹εĶشת
ֻΣûվ̫ãۻȥϳ֮ǰƫͷƳվԶˡ
۵ĳǰڵ滮һߣγܿʧڹڡ
ɹɹڿڣơ
ָ˶˹εһ˵е
ȥɡҪȥ˹εֶֻ֣ռţҪҪ˹ε̫
ߵʱ򣬳˹εڿһ˵ӣӲߣƤеڣͷö̶̵ģƤ˹εڿеû취˵޷κθӾۡ
ƿŵʱǸڶһ£˹εоǰȻС͡Фƿ͵ó˹εȥȻתͷܵ͵˵
һֱ߽䣬ͶûٻعͷĿյţ㣬˹εðĿˮЦЦ˵Ҳ̫С˰ɣд˾͵ˮ
ڹŵ˼룬Ȼعͷ˵ûдˡ
˹εͷڵϣߵǰЩСؿʣ𣿡ִ̨ƣ˹εͷͣԥػش˵ˡ
Ļ̧ԥַ£ͣ˺һ˵Բ𡣡
ΪʲôҪǸ˹εɣץ͵ʣոָ̧
תƵ̫죬һʱеϣֻܳʵش˵㱧㡣
˹εЦ£߬͵°ڰֻϵζܺţܵζűⱩɹϢڳ˹ε˵˲䡣
뱧ͱ𡣡˹εӣͷ͵Сʲô
߽һ㣬ֲ᲻صų˹εͷͷֲʱ򣬷˿˳ָ»
賿ȥҶ̸ǹ£ңǷǮˡ
˹εŵذϵԲӰСȵصͷţȻء
ȥʱ㣬֪͵סǳ˹ε̧ͷ°ͲͽʵĸϺ䣺֪㡣
ǡ˹ε°ŪеֲˣֻӲţ˵һǮ
ΪʲôҪ
ͽӻ˹εٺܿ˵ǷǮ͸ûϵʲôĿڰǮˣӦġ
Ӧһʾʧѣһָ˹ε˵ʱ棬߷߲ƽֶþöû͵˹ε̧ͷڿ
ƹԵޱͣë۵ͶһСƬӰ˹εȻã͸ղŸû˵ʲô
ʵȷڸղŵļʱֻ˹εܺһһϣ鷢Ŷ΢ȫûǱǮû˶ֶϽš
˹εƯոյļֻ
ȡ˹ε⿴һۡ
ûͷƽ˵ȥߡ
ܳ˹εܲϣҪʣ᲻ѿڡ
͵Ĵ𰸸ĸɴ䣺ᡣ
˹ε֪ô˵ģͳȥ֮󣬳˹εߵߣ߹ȥû˵仰ͱüҪȥץ͵֣Ͷ㿪ˡ
ĳ˹εʹתͷߵʱһֱվԭزǸ˺Ȼתͷһۣ˹εûбܿŲӡ
Ϊʤߵҫֻǵһˡ
ǸӦûпΪڶ¿Σ˹ε߳ѧУţ̫˹εԶʱԾۣȺվڴ̫µСʱ·ɫƾɣΧһжԵø롣
ƿߣ˹εߣû߼СֱܹǰԱߵ῱һü´һ飬ûʲôĵʣ¶
Сʱһ䳤㻹ɡĳ˹ε˵̸̸ɡ
Ļ῵üͷĸŤͷų˹εʶ
˹εƿߣΰ޲ʶ
ῶԳ˹εĴһ㲻ɣϾ˹εʶвʶģҲӦǻᴩ·ˡƹǰˣ˹εǰߣţЩŭ
Ͳ֪֮ǰ𣿡
ܴôּϷԣЩѾʼͣ֡
˹εͣתͷЦЦ˵֪ܲҪ˵ǰԤԼԤԼ𣿡
ͩҶ죬˹ε͡Ф˶ӣ֪֮䷢ʲô۹½Ķôתû취֮ǰжࡣ
ܹĿ࣬


60 
֮һڣ˹εѧУſڿСʱÿζܱܿڵʱ䡣ˣῶʼ죬ʵſƳģӰЦ˵ˡ
˹εûУžֱߣСʱ첽ʼԶľ롣˹εĿбӵǰߣͣһſڣͣ˼룬תͷˣʲô
СʱѸüźɣ
ңȻ˹εƿţֿһۣ׼϶㣬㱨ɡ
űƿſϵıǷ屻ײö죬͸ţСʱߵ㵥̨ĳ˹εժñӣ̨ӵ㵥Сʱ߽ȥʱ򣬳˹εѾǮֻĵɳߡ
ʲ裬ϲȵĻͷš˹εڶ棬ݽɳ°ͺ̧һ£˵ɡ
ȻһСʱ£۾ų˹εֱѼñϵlogoʲôʼ۸ȵҲɹ̫ҺͰФһʱ³ͷѾɹúܺˡ
˹εͷ΢Ц˵Ǯ˵ëȷʵͦࡣ
ܾû˵Сʱϵ˫ָ߬ؽڷףͣٺþãһһ˵㡭ܲܰѰФҡ
ʱ̹Ϸϣ˹εùƵݸЦ˵лл뵵ݻԲα飬ɫܱ̼ᶥ
ܲˮϵıҶ˹εһСڣ˳źθ
Ҳ֪ʲô˼
ҺФɽʶܶˣô꣬ǻչˣҺܶܶࡣ˵Сʱ̧ͷ˳˹εһۣҵĸ׵ʱ򣬰Фһˣ˵취Ǯβ񻯵̫죬ҵȲˡ
ûа취ҲܿȥСʱ죬Ǯˣⲻ˵ѴĻΪ˼Ǯ޲ȥ¥ġ
ФΪ˺ܶҰΨһһ׷ˣǮ硣
Ǹ㲻һˣһòʾͿԶģҺͰФҪΪһӵġ
˵𣿡˹εһ̧۵˲䣬ѱҧ飬˵ˣ˵ʱ㲻Ҫϡ
СʱĬ룬˵ͷ
ȣǰФɽôΪģҸ⣬ҲΪʱһá
ڶòԸǮ˺ãǷģǮ·ʱ򣬵еҪΪͷҲ˹εϵЦһ㵭ĸβТĸ춯أƾʲôȥТñƨɣ
ǲǾӰǮˣ͵öм㣿˹εСʱģΪûǸǮ𣿡
ĺ֪࣬Ҳȥġ
ȥ
Ŷ˵ɫԽԽף˹εֳ̧˸ƣʾ
þûһ˵ô໰ˣһҪںһ˹εСʱǰϣЦһ£һûӦǲôʣҾͲˡ
Сʱ룬Ӧ˹εֳվСسų˹ε˵Ҵˣټ
ã˹εŲԶڰϷŵķ΢Ц˵ϣԺҪټˡ
Сʱû˵תߣֲԾ߬ǡøӭķ棬Сʱ·վǰСʱŰѣתͷɳϴۺϵĳ˹ε֮ջߣƿ߳ȥ
һ룬¹ϣ˹ε³ӡϵЦȥ
ӵ˹εĵ绰ʱڸģʾ˹ε͵дĵ¶ʱͷʼð

Ⱦơ˹ε˵·
·ĵʱӣЩɻʣȾƣûȵ˹εĻشͲﴫһæֻĵոոճõϣһϵԡ
·ûʲôˣ̨ףͿڶ¥ϵĳ˹ε
㷢ʲô谡ġͷŵһصĿվƿ̧һ³˹εԴôࣿ
֮󣬳˹ε̧ͷơƿ˻λվź˾˲ǰɣ
ȫûüӣҳһƿûơƣ⣬˭ˣ
Ф˹εЦһͷƿڣ죺ʲôƨҪ
ȫαЩεҡҡͷͷƿơƺ󣬴˸ľáʣµİѾ磬ſϲĳ˹εһĵӡ
߰ɣҼҡθҼҲһ
˹ε˶ֱۣۣ¥رɫĵݣС˵ȥ
ȥĶ
˹εԴСȵػ£룬̧ͷЩ㱵ʺˣ
㡣
걻ʵ˹ε˿ַվΡΡ¥ߡ߸ų˹εֱ˹ε˳һ̨ףſںĶ
СĻشڸǣſϣü˾䣺ûո˵ʲôڲǰһϸխӰ˹εվӰͷҲû̧߳ȥ
·ϴ˹εѧУַ֮˯˹ȥ˯ò̤ʵ˿һȡ˾μɲʱ˹εûסŻһ˾Ѹ͸ӾЩż˵ɱҳϰ
㳵ˡ˹ε˵
Ӧ汻˹ε仰ŵˣ˾ĳٷŵú̵ƶҪͣȴƣ˹εڵ⣬ñѹø͡
Ӻڹվͣ£˹εۣһתͷ·濴ѧУſвˣǸģЩ˵ЦѧֻһˣվȺ⣬⸱ഺĻܵĸѸС
֪¾ԼķѧʱѾȥ˽СʱҲҲߣֻǴԼõĵطĵصȡ
³˹ε·Ǳߣÿһ׼˾ͱø˹εԾؿڣȷ಻еʱͺ㶣ѲͨƩղţȲʱȫԸ绰ȥ￪ȡ
ô㶵ˣżҲУƩڣû۾ڳ˹ε·ͬʱͺȻתͷó˹εԤ׵ߡ
˹εͣ½ŲվǶ߹ȥۿ룬ְņ̃һ㡣
Ⱦˡ
š˹εͷһ㡣
𣿡ͣƬ̣˵ҪҪһ
˳ֱǰߣ߲Ӱڼͷƫͷȥ˹εϰñܵʵʵ۾Ҳˣͻǿǲǲˡ
ǡ˹εشĺܿ졣
ȫ֪Ҫôֻܳʵ˵ҪôῪģ
£˹ε̧ͷרעؿ֮ͣץ͵һֱ˵Ūáվںխ̨ϣ˹εŹӰʹžȵ۾˵ҲϲФ֡
͵һȻ˵Ժû˻С
һֱǽֵġ˹εһ죬ָ»͵°߬ǰһСֱ͵ĿǣҪƺ
á
ҪС͡ˣá˹εӣֿͣҴҿԺ硣
˹εС˻İɫͻش𣬳˹εҡҡͷС仰ͷñܲ͵°ͣͲؿڣ˹ε˵ҽ㱦òã
ָ⶯һ£ͣٺþãͲŵͷ˵á
ݵĳĬ˹εƿһ㣬ʣ㲻ϲ
ûС
ոΪʲô˵˹ε˵ǲϲ
ûȳ˹εٿڣǰȻһѼñժƬƤϣܿ죬ӰٴΰͿĺף
һ⣬ζоƾǡ
ԭôġ
ʵԭΪѾĬöˣǲ֪Լ׹Դûгڡ
ǵʱܳ˹εʼѣȱڳ˹εΪҪϢʱ͸һ·
Ȳˮƿһ㣬ų˹εˮ۾űָһĺ󾱡
˹εŵ˵ͷ
ͰñӸϣְļ磬ǰתһ£˵Ǳиꡣ
á˹εͷͷؽӣߡ
ų˹εƿ߽ȥջߣת߳ڣڲϺɫשصһ룬͵קſǽϵˣӣ˻ûӦʱѾ˦ǽϣӱһֻֽס
ߵһ˫ܺڣ¶ȵ۾
ǲɨһۣϵս˲٣˿ʼߣûذףһʹ
ָʹۿ¶İصĿø䡣
ٸˡͳذףڵϣŲ棬𣿡
˹εƿˮʱͻվԭء
ζζĸ˹εӸͿ
ֻǿɤЦҶԡ


61 
һ磬ͳĿڽݽҺţǰŽˣǰִ˸к
ι˾޶࣬ҶϲʼҰԡЦƫͷ۸ڳ˹εͣͷ˵촩ĺ˧
͵ʼڳ˹εĺϣֱ˹εתͷʶղźڸ˵һ룬Ϳһ䣺лл
ĿֻżԴϵͣײһºСۣͷʣӭǸڣ
ꡣʲôڣĸڸүѧУεġ
ʲôϵ
죬ͻȻҲһ㹻׼ȷĴݣŤͷһˣ˼һش˵ʲôϵȻѹϵ
Ӻ󣬽ĿλӺŽĽڹص˽ĵƣռֻʣͶӰ΢⡣pptĵһҳչ¶绪Ůռ棬ң˳Žߣһͨ׶ЦΪ
ЦЧܺãЦʱ䣬ǰмŮЦϡ˹εתͷӭŻ谵ߣ΢΢ۣһ㡣Χ˵Ĺע㶼pptϣûעǣԳ˹εס͵ָ֣һʱ򣬳˹ε͵Ľë˲ָ£ְġ
ǣ֣˹εø߬ס࣬սÿһ룬ѡ
һڿβܶʼʷڿ𽥲죬ٽȨĸʱ򣬺ѾʼͳĿϷޱ棬۾ͶӰǣںʱͷûƫһ¡
ʶӢĵʣͻʶüָ᲻صضһ£ʱ򣬳˹εͻţյ͵ĶߣС͡
תͷpptϵͼƬţϵͬʱҲ˸˹εͺЦһ£Ȼ˵Ӣܺá
Ҿֻһŵ㣿˹εе붺ʼġ
ǿ佱˹ε˼ʹչһ㣬ѹúܵͣϣûȱ㡣ú㣬˹εȴȣҲܿ챻ͷָ֣Ĳ˲䣬̧ۿ˵ˡ
ǹ˳źϴڣ˹εͷٿ˳ͣúΡ͵ͷ˳˹εһ֮ͶӰǡ
ʮӺſý˲۾һʱӦ˹ߣ˹εʶۡ۵ʱͲ֪ʲôʱվǰθߴ󣬸պõסбǰյƣŹ⣬顣
㰾¿ˡĿԱֱۣ˿Ժ
Цվ˵ػظؾͱ˾ȷʵͦ
Ŀ˺һţҲЦ
Ⱥߣ׾룬˹εվſڵΰҲܿ췢ῴ˸к
㲻пβ𣿡߹ȥῡ
¿Ρ῿˹εϵԥһͣͣ¿ڣ˵¡˹εͷתߣƳӰŲͣ£ͷޱ͡
Ҿ͸˹ε˵仰ôġ¶һЩεЦݣ㲻ô衣ûнӻֻǿ˳˹εһۣСȵͷתߵһߡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ῿ͣҸʶˣѧУô˿ţڡ
˹εЦЦȻǲǲʲôˣ
˵꣬Ц⣬˵ȷʵִûʲôϵ˼죬鵽һģ󡣡˵ῶ˶٣̧ۿų˹εԥΣʣңô
Χѧɢȱð˹εΰйϵ
ǡҡҡͷķ˽ͦϵ඼أǸĹɶְ֡
κô˹ε¶Ƕ֪һ¼һĸףھȻ͸ٶӵϵ˭δⲻ롣˵ȥ˹ε˹εƽݵĳĬ֮һǻӦ
˵ҲǴ¶йϵǸ֪һϾǸӣƽʱϵôҲ˺ӵ¶̧һ³˹εļ磬ǰɣ
˹ε봹ۣ΢Ц˵ǡ
ӽѧ¥˹εס½ڿΰæǩеɻ󣬵Ҳûʡտ򳡣˹εͶڲƤϵӰӣ˵˼ҡ
áԱߣشĺܿ졣
Ͽʼ˹εͿŴⲻ˵Ϳһְۣصʱٲ죬һñĻ˹εαۡ
ϴγȻ绰Ѿȥڣʱڵ绰Ȼûؼң绰ҲκһΣô˵ġԣ˵κڷ衣
ʮӺ󣬳ʻԺӣ֮⣬ӦŻ򿪡
ˡ˵
˹εۣŴϤֲ۾
Һܿͳ⿪ȫ׼ŵʱ򣬳˹εعͷǰѰٴȥɣʹڷϵָضһ£Ȼͷ˵á
³˹ε̨ף޼Ĳƺ¼ջߣ˹εߵǰλ룬һɫʾ𣬰ŵεεı
ˡ
˹ε̧ţ֮ŲŴ̵İ¶
˹ε˰̰Ŵ򿪣ЦӹЬ˵̫ûЬˡ
æˣԼ˹εϵ̺ɨһȦأ
̫̫ˣƵһܻء̿ԷиСġ
˹εҡҡͷҰ𣿡
ϵЦݱýӲܿ죬ͷߣһһΧȹ֣ûаôߵģҲ֪
ûҪٶʣ˹εһ˵ҰѰٽ漸졣
Уⷿأ⼸Եÿɶˣöվڳſڣϵʧ٣ƺһѾתơ
ߵ̺ⷿϵİѸٻعͷڿ˹εһ룬Ѹվ˹ȥԴײϳ˹εСȣβҡȡ˹εЦŶȥѰٵͷȥ¶Ƥ˸
߰ɡ˹εЦ˵ȥҰְ֡
Ӻų˹εǣŹÿһɫƤë͹ˮ·ƯĹûڵ͵Ӱ˹εɿӣٷһȥǰأֱ㶵˵ϣ﷢õĽ
ı顣ͱŰٵĲӣذˣȥ⡣
ٴ˳ͿʼǰצųʪıǼⶥŲֹã̾˿˹εһ°ٵȣһִ̧촰һͶᣬŰٵĽü˵̫ˡ
һû¡˹εϱĵİ٣Ц˵һᡣû˵·ڣڳ֣ѳ˹εñѹߡ
ٱи˷ܣԴһ·ͷһֱ˹˹εţپͳȥڿյصİ׹һ
ȥιߣߵһͣ˹ε˵ȥǵÿյ
˹εЦ˳Ϊɵ첻յͺ¶ЩΪı飬תͷƿӡ
򿪿յ˹εŤһļͻȻǿûͳȥԭˡѰó˹εҵɫӣתȥŰʱƳͰİɫƬ˭Ƭ
ڱ߽ǵĤ棬½ǹؾصӡκ֡
ߵ㣬칫⴫κ̵ţ
κܣˣҪڽ𣿡
šκվ̻Ҹףߵߣ˲̧̧°ͣʾ˽
һӰ߽ϴźɫñƤܺڡҪݵĶ࣬κ˿̣룬¶Цݣţû˼
̧ͷӣš
˹εʲôϵκʡ
ûʲôϵ
κؿ˵ûʲôϵһѧУſڶ׵㣿
˴߬ȭκüҡͷЦж⣬ҲŽγҡڵĹˣʶҸ˹ε죬ֻǺ档
ǳ˹εҲҵĻ֮ʲôᣬ˵ܴеһ¡κǽָŵȼһС룬˵̻ңκ˵ȻҪ˵ҲǿһԸȻٰͻؾƵꡣ
̧ͷдġ
ҾΪʲôҪҵѡ
κգգۣŴ̨վֱκתЦ˵˵ż


62 
ߵ࣬˹εСЦѣ߳䣬դиŻȹӵСŮģԴʹ̽ͬһʱ䣬ƿͶ߳Щ⣺ô硣
緹ûáʹۿ˿ĵҺ
½ˡ˹ε˸Ƿſڿ˸СѾͷ
˳ų˹ε߿ȥǸշſڵˣߣߵһͣתͷ˹ε˴ñӡ
˹εſ򰲾ЦͰѴŴ򿪣СŮͷҲصس򰢰٣˵ֱ½ں޿κεҡͷ̧ͷʱϳ˹εĿ⣬ų˹εͷ˯£½Щεظк˵ŮҪ档
ʲô氢𡣡˵꣬뿴յϵһһСŮսǿѾѰȫѹ£ֻֿʼŪٵ
½ıøΡ
ñ߹ȥٶ˶ȣĺܴĺڶ˹εǱ߿˹εŲߣ˫վԱЦ
ԷɡͲ֪ʲôʱߵԱߣðݹȥǼ
˹εսӹһֱſڰϵСŮȻ̧ͷӣͺ磬Ҳԡ
á˵꣬ת߽
֣˹εʢһ׷ŽƳ½ȥæŶСŮӦ塣
ΪʲôСŮ˵˾Һġ
Ҫġ˹εһ׵СӣЦźͺ壬ȻҸԡ
ջʳ֮һͶʱСһһţܴ󣬺껹ҪŤͷ˹εʹɫ˹ε棬׷ʽȥֲ泯Ĵָ
緹˹εҪֳŵƿ߽հŽˮۣʹӱְ֣ļƳȥϴ
˹εЩЦ͵֣Цݹôϲɻų˹εǣ֣һְֻˮͷšƬˮˮʣݹ˭
½Ů׷Űܣ˹ε˴ְۣˮͷعϣվǰˮۣͣͣŽʣ㶹֪𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵֪
ԺãҪԴԴԺܶ࣬ϳò̫עȻÿεõĽҲ١мʮСһҪſŲ϶ӣòֵˣûڱȣͱź˾ˡ
ûͯµͯ겻ϱңͲ⣬˹εۣܵ䡣
ϲĹ𡣡ͱ˰죬ԥ˵ҿȥϲ顣
˹εû˵˼ҡҡͷЦ˵ò飬ϸ㽲ÿ㽲һʮ˻ӵ˯ǰ£͵ͷЦһ£Ȼѳ˹εԱߣšˮͷʼϴ롣
Ϊرһȥɡ˹εҲ࣬ˮۣͣòã
͵Ȼ˵ã˹εԴ˺⡣
һСʱͿܣ˹εڸʻһ߿ֻϵĵͼһ߸ָ·Сں˷ܣųɳ۶÷Ťͷ½᣺˾ˣժ㻨ȥ𣿡
½ش𣬳˹εǰӻʲôԵġСЦ۾ӶһԴη϶ȥС˹ε˵лл硣
ܿ쵽꣬˹εСϲĿζ³ȥӺ󣬳˹εһ޴ķɫհѳŴ򿪣С˷ܣۣô󣡡
˹εЦЦùһͲ½һ
Ҳˡ½ڰ֣ҶˣⶼСԵġ
ʱҲ̫˰ɡ˹εͲ½ᣬЦ˵Գ
½ᶢĲݮͲ޿κεҡͷվǺ棬¶ܵЦ⡣Ū೵ĸ˶Ա裬˹ε˳źӵߣͺܰظں档
ٽ磬ӵ̱ûʲôˣˮͻҪߴܱƲ㣬ˮͬʱߡ½ں棬Сժ¼ĶԽԽԶ˹εͣת͡
ӦĬڳ˹εͣ½ŲʱҲվŲǵȴָĳָ߼ˡ
˹ε´Ȼúʣͣòʲô˰ɣ
ĺףһ룬ҡͷǡ
𣿡˹ε߹ȥŰͲߣһڣ˲Ա裬һҾ㡣
˲ԶԣͿų˹εñµ۾˵ڶҡ˹εûס˵͵ͷ΢΢ſ죬ų˹εոĵطҧһڡ
ڴڻһΣûٸ˹εĻᣬס˹ε촽һͲžવڵϣΧܰ˹εǻըһ̻ģζ̻
쵽˹εʼ
½ûз֮ǰ˹εק͵°ڣ͵壬̻ӵƬˮ档
˹ε绹пΣ½ͻع֮Ϳѳ˹ε͵ѧУ˹ε³ʻ¶͵İ㣿
Ҫβܻ˹εͷ￴𣿡
һ˵
û£æģԼȥҲС
Ҳæͣ˼룬ͲŽ˵㡣
£ͱǰӹִ˹εͷЦ˵á
ѧУʱ򣬾һ𡣡
ҪԼһˡ
á˹εվߣȫ̹ںϡ
ų˹εԽԽԶʹڷϵָ⶯˶ֻԼ˵ùڱϡ
ߵʮһ۹³𣬱ʽʼ
վ⣬̧ͷ컨ϵĴĻͶעڲͣԷעҪ߳һҲϾڳľһˣ֪߶ЩС
ɫӱڼʱպÿ룬һֱߵİȮȻֱĺɫᣬҵɫëŶ𣬽ʵļȫ¶ڴĻڡ
ȮҧסͲɿڡ
ųھļͿڣŷĲѾʼʱʮ룬Ѿҧס޷
԰벻ǶֹվԱߣ£Ż̵ţȮôų
ǰȹ۹˵
ĹĸģǸᣬ֪˶ٴˣ㿴ȣһû
Ųֻֿ߹ȥڴǰµ׸⡣ȷûгѪ㣬˳ڶͽǣߡ
ˣ˽סͣ´һԱߵĹٱĳɡ
á˵ҾҪĳ
ӲųȥԱѹǣȥ룬վȵȣصŸܾܺĽŲҲױ֡
ոǳɡߵԱߣڡ
ͶŽǳһˮأû̧ͷ
һ仰˵𣿡£һֻץס͵һ룬Ѹ̧˦ֱܴӰֻ˦ǽϡ
ʹֱӣСʱ㶵ؿͣЦ˳
ãԲ˵˵Сʱֲ̧һ۾˲֣ͣڵвһ֪˭𣿡
ǳȻĶӣȻô𣿡ɺ޷ӦСʱüֳ̧͵ڣ˽ӣ
һֱͷ˷ӦСʱͺ̧ͷһ˫޸۾
˭ġ
֪СʱǲţȻ֪
û˻شһ룬͵ؾס죬Ҫ
˭ġѹúܵͣϵ֡
ԽԽ˴СʱͣϸЩҵЦݣֻʣЩҪ˵𣿡
Ϳϵֻ֪𰸡
͸ˣûйϵ


63 
ѩǰƴ̨شϣκƫͷ۴⣬عͷҳһСǣϡӴûߵſڣصصխء
κţ˵ʱ⣬ֻЩε̾ںСʱ֮Ȱ˵СʱҪȥͣ졣ͻǳˣ˵СʱѹûĻϡ
óλãκͣ˵˵ɡ
վû˵
ðɡκ򿪿ƣŤͷһۣҪȵʲô𣿡
һΣ𰸶øֱӿżɽʣ˹εġ
κţִֻ˯ۿڴ´ϴЦ⣺˵ġСʱҽ£ҲǹѵĹϵôֶˣⲻ·񡣡
˵ʱκһֱڹ۲͵ķӦһı鶼ûУͣͣκŵСʱ˵ܺãԸФ
ҲФû˿ͣ٣ڸٳ˹ε
㲻Ѿ֪𣿡κǵ˻ʱ򣬲Ϻɫľ뵽κϵЦݵЩͦݡ
ûӡͻǸűӢҴһСʼҽԺͣκһӦǷŭŭһúõСΪʲôټͻ⸱ģܿͨ˵ô
ڣ߾ȱˡ
Һͳ̼ҵ£ûʲôϵȰòҪˮκͣһЩȻԺңĴԶ㳨
û˵ֻǶĻƹҲǲסĮ˵ĶѾ˵ˣôվȥҲû壬κվֱһЩסŰҪţŰպһ㣬ֱƿָڹսϣǽ΢΢ͻ
ʲô˼κϵЦЩӲʲôҪ˵𣿡
΢΢Ӱѹǿҵѹȸκеʡ
Զ㡣˵
˵أκÿЦܰô
û˵ΧˣκΧ·ĳһ̤ڵʱκϵЦ˲ʧˡ͵ƹյĺκܿ쿴ĺݣڲݴűĳʳ
Ҹղ˵ˣҺͳȻ£ĶӣûҪκֻÿڸɣһ촽Ž˵ңҲûҪһС𡣡
ͲˣֻǾؿƺжʵԡ̧֣֮κʶһûǽϵĿأָ΢΢žһѵƹϡ
һƬڣκ߱ģֱŹϵʶѾ뿪
ʮ㣬ѧУͼ׼չݣſϣ޾ɵ죺үǿԳ𣿡
ҿ˹εŵŵأӵ뿪棬ֻϢ˹ε˵ˣѾ쵽ˡ
Ҫ򳵻ȥҿ㰡תͷҲǽγֲǲ泵
˹εֻ۶û̧һ£˵ˣҪҡ
ų˹εĻе֣ܿɹѹȥЦŴȤץסʲôѱôôĻ
˹εûӻ̧һºӣʮȻתƻ⣺㻹ддˣ
ѧУŻһ·ڵʱ͸˹εϢûȳ˹εظַһѸһ˹εϢٶȺܿ죬̵ֱҲûյš
ŰȥĻüһţٴʮ·ڡ
һŵڳƴſʱȥͿź߹ֳųţųѸų˹εһأ
͵ͷǻӦ˹εߵһȥͿĺ뻹ҡ³òѯ費Ҫ
أԼг
á͹ϳתͷܿʧ

ϳûã˹εͷ͵²ߣȻƽʱ;ͺ˵ĬҿӾƵʱúܸߡ
𣿡˹εת͡
ûСͻشٶȺܿ졣
˹εû˵ʲôֻǴ͵ֱۣͣ룬ͰֱƿȻס˹ε֡һֱܰٶܲҡҡβͺ󣬾ſڵĵϡ
˯ǰͺͳ˹εڴϣֻţϻˮӷҵˮ˳ǹڡ͵Ĳ˹εϣֱֻ͵Դؿڡ
㽲㶹Ĺ°ɡ˹εС˵
Ĺ˸͵ͷȻ˵á
㶹Ĺ³˹εܶΣǵһθ˽һƪĹ¶϶˺þãм˹εͼӴף˲鹹ڡʹͷβûдϣú棬ڽһʱͺȻ̧֣ĺ󱳡
ͻĶó˹ε顣
ӦкܶСͯʱڶǱĸź˯ģʱ̣˹εҲûӵйʱ򣬳˹εȻʶͣڻֲ˴ȱʧͯʱ⡣µĽֳ˹εûϣø
Դһ꣬;˹εһΣģио˴Ѵϴʱ򣬰߿ı¸ǺãȻֱ
ڶҪǩ˹ε϶˻ֻڳϽ緹ûʲôθڣѧУſڣλʣһС롣ͣΣصͷھͽϣѰװ䡣
ϼ㡣
֪˹ε˵¿ǰ˵
á˵꣬ԥ룬ֲ˾䣬úϿΡ
仰˵ûͷûԣ˹εЦ˳ڳΧû˵ʱ򣬴ȥһ͵С˵Ҳ㡣ȥЩ㶵˹εŷɿ³߽Уŵʱת֡
УŽȥû߶ã˹εͿʼоԡѧУʶ˺ܶ࣬Ͼ̼Դǳ걣һҶΪ̼Ҷӣ˹εܵĹעȻ١
죬е̫ˡ
ƿѧԺţ˹εһ۾Ϳվ￴ֻĺüͷ塣
ٵˡ˹ε߹ȥ뿴ֻĻѸٰ
ԣٵˡЦЦ鲻̫ȻƺλöռˡǰŸһһֺֻȻסļ磬ֹסŲ
˹εƵǰʲô¶ˣ
û¶ϵЦݲ䣬ɣʲô¶
ոտʲôأ
ûʲô㿴
á˹εͷڴóֻĻῡյϢ棬Ȼ֣סĻ˹ε̧ͷϵЦʧˣԥã̾˿ֻóָ滮˼£ݸ˹ε
ֻĻǵţ˹εʺҪʲôΪмͷѾøӴֹˡ
ϼŮˣƶǰѾ죿


64 
ֻĻİ׹ڳ˹εϣų˹εָĻСȵػһ£վԱߴҴ˿ȻͳΪ̼ƶˣȻЩֶΣͻȻ޸κ£ָ˼Ůеĳ嶯󲿷˶ΪȻǲһеҪ޸顣
żȻĺȻôȻǻ嶯ͣ룬ӦǰԼɷġ
ڣȻͻȻǰѾ죬ǰѽʣ߸˺顣
߰ɡ˹εֻƫͷ˿ҪĽңŻλá
û¶ɣüûˣʲôҺ졣
˹εҡͷ۾Žңͣ˼룬˵ˣžʣһλˣǰɡȺٿڣ˹εѾŽȥȥǰżߣֱһ£óԣѰ롣
һֱȵվϽ̨èһ·Сܵ˹εߣѹԱܻܲλܿ챻ܾ˵ʲôѾʼƬ۾š
û취è˻ȥڵ˸λ¡
ڽ̨Ͻڿʼϴʱ˹ε򿪵ԣؽҪõppt䴰Ӵ϶ͶĹһѵֱϡ˹εһվѴãͷʱպײ˵Ŀ⡣
һⶼûˡ˿һ⡣
˹εƳѹŵӢϰ⣬˵ɹ̫˼
ûӻֻǵͷЦһЦ˹εɵӣǷֵġĸ׳챻֮ڣЩͿҲ
ϵһ룬غõppt˹εҲûе㿪ŵĻµǰ
ȻܽĵѼûУҲ򵥣һ̺һ帺ճӡɷֻһӣǰЩ걻Ȼŵص˾޶ŮųȻҲʮ꣬УΪ˵ǮȻ
ȥҲֻʣκٳŵĸס
¿κ󣬽ڸչͶӰǣŰܵ˹εԱߣǰŵ¡˻ûۣ꣬ѹ˹ε½ڿˣҪҪȥȵʲô
쿼ˡ˹εϵԣźЦЦ㻹Ⱦƣ
죬С˵Ҳ鲻𡣡
ᡣ˹ε˶٣˵лл㡣
ѧ½½뿪ңŵͷյԵĳ˹εе㲻ζܿЦһ³˹εļ磬ЦŵôлҵĻͽְ
˹εбһۣԶ㡣
Լͼݶ㣬յ̫ãȥ˺١ȳ˹εͺӵʱһ۾Ϳɳϵΰֽͷ󺹵س֡
ˡ˾໰ѧУҪƲյ𡣡
ȥ˵ôȣ;£츣ҡ
û̧ͷų˹εżɽʣǶô£˵бˣǲ˸
˹εժñӣ˳ͷش˵Ӧòǡ
û֤ݣ˹εʱѼЩH¶ıˡ
ʧ˺ɲأҵ϶Сῼﱾһ㣬Щ¼ֲ֣ȺҪ侲Ķ࣬㿴ûʲôҪǰæģҴţֱ˵ͷű϶
˵һʼ˻һΪ˸ȡ裬ڣӹĵĸѾʡ
֪˹εѰ£˵Ҵ绰
ߵŵĵط˹εȥһ룬ʾû켸˾ͽ
ιȻͲûжޱ侲·ϵͷ˹
ҿˡ˹ε񣬡κ𡣡
˹εֱ˵ظ𰸣ƺıֺ⣬Ȼڵ绰ͷЦһ˵ţǰɡ
ǲҪ۽룿
ǡȻɣͣһ룬˵ϻһ˰ɣ˼ˣһԡ
˹εһŻش˵Ρ
첻ȥҲԡ
á
һ룬ȻҶ˵绰
ɳǱߵʱῺͺ̧ͷ˹εڶ棬ϥǣ˹εЦһ£˵øɡ
¶Щɻı飬˹ε󣬿ɳ۾ͷ߷ָ컨壬ֻԼõ죺ĶĶȻ֪Ȼô̫˽ԼĸףȻģҪ˵κ
ȥ῵ĿѾһС룬Ҳûдȥ˼ų˹εͺһȥͼݶ㡣¥㣬Ÿմ򿪣Ӻ﷢һĸ̾Щؿһۣһվһģ첽߳ݡ
ڶҵһſյķһϰ⻹ûҳʹӿڴͳֻ˹εǸһս˹εڼһ֣۾ĻɴؾֲܾĥӲݣֻһߴϷһ˵ʹһѰ
ӵϷ˹εĵϵļɾдΣȻֻĻڴϳ˹εʽĶ
ͣһ룬˹εֻ
Է𡣡
һټ򵥲Ϣ˹εֻЦûôԥ˹εͻϢҲ㡣ͻϢʱе㳤˹ε󵽣ڿϢʱ͵Щ㶵
һӺֻһ£˹ε㿪ϢԻļ֡
Ҳ㡿
һֱĪ񱻰˹ε֪͵ûпţ㿴ˣҲʣ˹εҪĻҲԼװûһӶʡ
Ϣ˼룬˹εֻĵϵȫɾʼͷд
ٽ磬˹εĵѾдҳԱѾ˯˲֪ãῶֻüͷһһԩͷģ˹εѺʱԭͼͻȻһ궯˽ﴫ˹ε̫壬żðġֻ̡Ѹٱ˹ε׽
ͬʱĻΰӣ˹ε̧ͷ
Ļлţҳڼصʱվߵ˹ε˳һºԴ
ﰡֱӣ˯죬ҳͬʱ˯ʱһɨա
Σ̼Ұռ˿Ѷȵ㣬һֱıǸ
Ȼɷ򲻺ϵԭɷ޷
⴮⣬ῶ̲סȥ˹ε˹εûһ⣬ָⰴŴ壬·һҳ
һҵضýĲɷãɷ˾˵ǳȻѯʦƪ㳤־̶̼н˳̼ŮôΪ˻ϺӵĲף޷ɷڶദƢԽ죬һΪ˰ɷһӣһʹȥ˹ܾ
·һһְӵƵ˹εҪ㿪ΪѾڲšƵȻֿ֮뵱ĸ׵Ŀ
ȼ䣬һǿŮԽɫˡ
Ὼͺͷβû˵˹εϵվ侲ˡ
ԭ˵ʲôվԱߵһ£죬῿ų˹εͷ˵á
ų˹εʧڵݿڵıӰջߣαС죺ԡ˹ε˽ӣ
üûз


65 
ͼݳһֱУſڣںܳһ·˹εû̧ͷΧû˴޹ءСʱҲɻΪʲôԼ費ߣɻܿ챻ߴˡ֮Ȼϵĸк֣ܶԸ⻨Ѵʱ麢ϵģҲȻ֣ҵһеġ
֪Ȼ䣬ǶƵʱǺЦΪ˰һǣȻԷܶ࣬κϣкرԼӵ
ҵɷûûи˻죬Ȼӵȷ˽ӡ
˹εñѹͣ߱ס룬ֻ͸һСƬҰжѧУǿŵġż˹εͷǰߣûмǰӰȫ֣ܿ죬һ˫ɫЬ
֪ûпЬʶ˵ı£˹εȷʵӵ칦ܣͿʼ
˹ε̧ͷۣĵʣ˰
š
˹εĿһֱͣϣû˵;վŲܵӢñѹ̫ͣ˹ε͵ȫ̫뿴ˣͣ룬˹εְñժӭŴչ⣬ذʹͷš
óȻժñӣûж죬ֻǳһȷ˹εȫӰ
ԺøҼ¿ˡ˹εЦ˳һֱſڵȡ
Ŷˣи˸㡣
Ѱ˹εȥóʱһɫĺӡֱӰѰڵϣ˹ε͵֣򿪺ӣֱȡ͵ϡ
ϴʵʹˣǸȦǸٵġѱã˹ε̧ͷһЦ˵Ȼźܺÿ
Ͳ˵˹ε˵̫֪ҲҪԡ
û˵꣬˹εͻȻһȥߵ岻ȣˤ͵Ļֱλı˹εŵܵ㣬űⱩɹζ
ʲôû˵˹εܿʶͿˣκ۶壬ʱԵȥšͲᰲοˣΨһľǱһȻ˵һеɷ羰Ļ
͵ļ磬˹εͺܵ͵Ů
˹εʼЦͻһС˵Ȧ͸ˣٸɫġ
áͼ̵ػش
˹εûĿΣûȥʣֻǩʱ˹εֺϹһϢ޴󣬾ǳ˹εҲҪʱؽ
㣬ͣڱſڣ˹εӳųȿڸ˵㡣
˹εͷתߵſڣָƺƿšƹϵأתͷ˹εҲ⣬ֻǳͷȻ˵̫̫鷿
˹εһۣߵ鷿ſڣ̧ţһһŮɡŽȥЮˮζ˹εۣŻû͸ľʵذ塣
Իǲ˵㣬סȻļУ̧ۣżĿζϲ𣿡
˹εͳȻӣ˶٣΢Ц˵ҲͦżģСʱͰҺҰֶˡ
ûȥ˹εκĳƺȻƽѾˡ
ǲеˣ˹ε˵ֱ˵
ֻǳʵ
֢Ҳǳʵ𡣡
ȻЦһ£侲Ŀ⿴ŵĿɿԣҲ롣
˹ε˵ˣ鷿ܰɨػȻҲĺ˳˹εüӵʱʣԣ˹ε޻ʡ
ϳԷҲãһһȥƵˡȻָֻĻϵ˼£ûã˹εڴֻ˵¡
ϷˣԷûʲôãƽʱżϷֻȻ˵Ӧкܶ໰ġ
ѾֻƤº𣬳˹εûȥֻվ鷿ٿʱɤеƣûʲôĵġ
Ǿ취ġ
û취
ܾĺܿ죬ǲһأ⣬Ϊ鷿ڶͳȻͻˣһɷκȻֻϿٰͣΣЦЦؿڣ֪͸κϵ𣿡
˹εûӻȻֱߵķУ£ԺĳͷͷӦ֪Ͱ￴κƬ𣿡
ٻ̧ͷϳȻɫͫףԶֺµ鷿˹εоԼð
ͻȥɡȻ΢Ц˵˳춼ڼס


66 
˹ε֪Լô߳ģסŰѵʱϵصĳ̲ͷһۣ鸴ӣʲôû˵ƿţԶǿڳ˹εƤϣʶۣܼĹںɫҰһɢ
Եȳ˹ε۵ʱ򣬻˼ӵʱ䣬жվµ͵ǲǻþ
ȥ̫á߹ĿɨյĴţڳ˹εϣҹ
˹εͷЦЦʳأ裬ʲôµġ
ûӻʵ⻰˵˹εԼ̫ţһΪ˹˾ܰԼĶӺǰ׳תߵˣų˲ĳԵ⣬ʲôó
һ߰ɣ߻еҪ˹ε˵Щʱû̧ͷ۾ŽŵײשĻơʹ֪ͶŲʲô飬˹εǲȥ͵
ͣ˰ζû˵˹ε׼̧ͷʱ򣬰Ŀͺܳɤ
𡣡
˹εֲԾ߬һȻ̧ۿͣصġ
á
˵껰תߣӰӱıֱһš˹εվڴſڿ͵ӰԽԽСȫʧڲֲĿռֱűƿ¶ӣǺ´ţҪҪ
ԡ˹ε۾Ŵţ˵Ҫġ
Сʱ鷿Ŵ򿪣Ȼ߳һɳŵĳ˹εһ¥һ˵ȥ·ʮ֮
˹εûȻƺҲô⣬ȥһһװ֮¥ѳԿ׽壬ȥѳϵĿյ򿪡
㻻·ûʲôӰ졣ȻſڵĻЬϣִ̧㶼ʮ꣬ôɵİ취ԸңĶʧ
Ȼ˵꣬˹ε̧ͷԺֳ︡͵ͣ˼룬վߵЬߣɵ˵ŮĲ̫ãĶʧĶҲʧ
ԲĴϪڹɢ͵Ĺ󣬳ȻžӣѴձϵ鷢ڶ󣬺ػشܰɡ
ϳûãȻֻںӾӣһְ͡˹εôȻĵ绰ݣֻ֪û˵仰Ȼʹʼ칫һֱƵ¥£ȻĹҲûɣժתͷų˹εҰƬ㣬ȥõȣʮ֮ûĻҡ
˹εʼնûȻĻ˳
ƵŻЩʱվԱߵͯѾŵȴ˹ε߹ȥŰɫװͯ΢΢ǷҪ
ˣҵˡ
ҾƵǺʾƵ꣬Ӵõȼ޹ܸܵ߰ķۣԵݿڵɳ£˹εóֻ鿴ղųȻͼƬƬˣ˴źɫװͲСվŸŮɫȹɫ̷ϴźܵЦݡ
˹εЦݺϤųȻμӸַʱ¶ָʽһ΢Ц
ûãŻ򿪣˹ε̧ۣݼˡ
˹εЦӭȥ
˹εɣ˺֣´΢Ц˵Ȼĸ׳ú񡣡
ȳ˹ε˵ڷŮϸ˼룬˵Ƭϳòһ
ûòɳ磬˹εܣҵŮ١
˹εͷ֪ҷƬ
𣿡߹վڳ˹εԱߣһţ󲻳󣿡
á˹εһջĿ⣬ŷ壬ͣſˣ߰ɡ
Ǳߣ쵽ʱ򣬳ȻӳϴǡЦݣ˼ոе㹫µˡȻ˳˹εһۣ˵Ӳء
У˹εһ۾ϳˡ˵
ǾͺáȻЦЦ
ڻȥ·ϣȻͷû˵ĵʡһأ˫Ǳˣ㵽Ϊֹڳ˹εԱߣûӾͿʼϷϷȻعͷɨˣٸ˹εһϲϷ
̧ͷų˹εʣʲôλ

ûʲô飬´ۡ
ȵҵʱ򣬳ѾѲ˶׼ãͷβȲˡλһƬ̾ڱסʱ䳤ˣǼ˵ζˡ
𣿡Ȼס׼̣Ѿƿӹ淶ѾƱҲһڣҵͬսˡ
ȻθãϾȾƣθҩ֣Ҫ˵亣ˡӳߣ˹εӶŮˣǸ˲䣬оθһ
Ůⳡܹǲ׵ģԱʹŮҪŬܻƽȵĻأ˿ֻҪͷԣŮ˲ҪҪɫ㹻ݣԼܹϵ̨ò
ҲΪЩȻ߱ڲӵиппĻᣬϾ˰⣬ûԹʲôࡣ
˹εȻ̧ͷϲʲôˣһ㡣
˹ελһվѰɫùݸ٣㿴ϲʲô
ϻȵնʱ˹ε֪ȻڿҲֻϾֻҪ뵽ڳԷ棬θһһˮ
ԷĹУûԼھͿʼϷ˵Ҳûʲôãʹ졣һƿƺܿף̴ӳҺõڷѵʱ򣬳Ȼͷֻüͷš
˼֣˾е£ȥһ¡Ȼվƫͷų˹ε극ݵ裬ѹϰײ趼ó
֮²ڣȻһվڳԣѳ̫̫ȥĶ
Ȼָ˰üģ˵


67 
Ϲͣ˵磬¯ҲϨÿ»е㷢Ӳûԥ͵ˮ㹻ȣѸϴõĲ˷ŽȥѲ죬Ͱѱ²Ĵóڳ̨ϳԷ
ƿһ£ܰ跹ǰԣΪ˹εһסȻÿͶҲԴ󽴰ѽ˼£һӡ
ļˣܵȥ㣬ϣк֮󶳽䣬ȳ˹εպÿԳԡ
һܿף¿ӵʱͷĵƺȻһ£ͬһʱ䣬Բһ׹⣬׼ȷڽűѿӵءܿʧΧжָ糣紵ΧҶ̨һת߽
Žˮۣ߿ļשڵϣȥǽָ顣°͵ļǽײ֮ǽϵİ׽ѿһϸ졣
װ֮ڳֿһţܵЩ꣬ȻֵҲмˣڸտʼʱҲ˶ﰤöδٿһţҲһ·Ϊ˲ó˹εģŷˢһ׽
߿ţƬҳȥ˳ֳбǽǵĸֹܡϹ߻谵һ׶ߵӲݣÿһߵĺ͸ݴԷ϶ۣ߾۽Ӻ˱ԽԽ
һ룬ͳȥתͬʱ̧߹һţ˳ʹгصڵϡֹˮϻһ˳֣ѸƵļ磬ֺֹܣοסĺ
𡣡͵Ĵָ˾Ѫܣһڵϵ˼״ҪǽϵޱؿڣվǶ𶯡
û̫ãԶԽԽѩ׵ĳǰǽϻһԲ̫ۣԺʮͶʱտء
ֱſͣ£Ŵƿһֻɫ߸ЬˮϡվڲԶĳȻûȻһ۱øֹסˣؿڣȥ˵ɡ
˼룬ʹۣջ֡
ʹӱƿȪˮתʱ򣬷ֳȻѾ¡ײһ𣬳Ȼ߿ȪˮšƿһСڣͷ˵װ޵Ĳ
ûӻȻԴҲ⣬ˮϣ̧ۿͣ˹εˡ
£ӢڳѺۣȻ򿪰óһпһʮ򣬶ʮǮĹأʣµǮ֧䡣
ѧҲԣһѧн飬԰зð԰ԼεķãҶȻ鵭ȻЩĲ
Ķȥ
ҲԡȻֱĴһۣ˷ʱ仹ʲô㶼ѡ֪㻹ǲǵã˵ģͣ㲻ҪҵĶӡ
һʹ͵ͷһֻۣڴ֪ʲôʱһ˿ڣɺѪڴϸ˿֪ʲôʱŪƵġ˿̫Сˣ֮ǰ˵ʹмԺԲƣڣĸйϵͳں߼ظա
ȻѾչز˵ЩҲûʲôá
ȡ£Ҳ̫⣬λҲãƭҲãҼöˡ˹εҪҸеģҲ
ͣƬ̣Ȼ̧ͷϴŵЦǲ㡣
Ͳȥԭ򣬵ĴԺһΪģʽڱʲô֧䣬ûӦʱ򣬻Ѿʳڡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô̫ЦȻͷ鷢ձߣΪûʦ̣һֱô𡣡
ȻվǽһȦ߸Ьڵذϣ
ʮһȦķ䡣Ȼ컨ϿתķȣٺȵκҪá
׷˺ܶ࣬һЩҾʵĹӸ磬κ㣬ĸͨˣһպλȻҲֻǵѡʱȨ˺ܶ࣬κĸͺܴ󣬶ӣݹϵ򵥣ڵʱĳȻ˵޸κȫ
ʲôģĿǷڡ
ʵ̫ˣ֣֪ʶȻͣССԣϸָ棬ʲôΪѡһΣҲѡ
Ϊ˹εʲôȻͣͣͣ˵ҿҳһٸܹѵıڣ۾ˡ
ͺգһֲۣԾ߬ȭֱԡ
ſˣҰ˹εģֻҪȻΪƾ㣬ôȫ𡣡
ʼգͶû˵ȻһתſߣһֻŸոȥͺܵ͵
û˵ߣĶȥ
һֻɫľȮڶȻعͷĽǶȣպܿͺ׵֡
㡣Ȼż̨ף߸Ьܽ棬ȻͻȻʲôŶһ
мһֱû㣬Ǯ㣬ȥġȻɤͣ޹ԣʱԸȥ̫󣬺ҸһǮͬչ㡣
ôƴ׬ǮҪΪĹأ˵ô꣬չ˵ĻͻȻһ磬ԶïʢĲݴԱ紵΢΢ȻЦǸпοҲͷˣǱǮҲ׻
߸ЬԽԽԶѩĳһʧڷڷվ˺þãֱԽԽ󣬹t°ڣ߹ȥŹϡ
ûзﰲܶ࣬׹Ҫקȵĵط


68 
ķƬЮʯ̶죬ӺӾ￴ںŮˣСѵ̫̫óҩˡ
ü֮󣬳Ȼڻ谵̧ͷְóҩУƬɫԲҩƬŽšӵĿȪˮݹȥȻڣͷʽȥȻû˵ӾͣڹſڣֱԽԽСſʣղǸүɣ
Ȼ͵͵һ̾˿Ǹпˡ
ʵ˵ĲֹЩʱ͸ʱ򣬸ӲŸյȻ͵ͳţ;վЬԱߣﱧһɫ۲˵߹ȥһүûӦһ͵ļ磬ͱһƵصײڴʯϡ
Ǹ˫־Դ࣬Ͷ״ûж⡣
˫ܺڵ۾˺һɤ˵Ҳү
ͦϲͣٶԸŬȻ˵˺ܶ˻Ĵ̣ÿ𴲣ǻѴƽص÷ڴͷǳȻ⣬ֲûбֳ˳Ȼ̫ãȻüë֪Ȼʲô
Ȼûм꣬;ͱߣͬһʱ䣬Ȼһ٣ˣԷһʱٻٻʱ򣬱˻һŮ߷ƣ⣬Ҫʲô뾡취õ
ȻǱˣ岻֪ᱻ͵Ķȥ֪ȻٺģҲȫͲܣܻһޡոڳϣֻһϳͣûô䣬Ӻɬȥ֮ɢһ䲻ĳȺͺ
ôǺúõػˣкܶҪ˵ģǧ嵽ߣ˵ڵֻһ䡰ˡ
߰ɡȻںڣ˼ʵͷӣӭźܵ͵Ʋ·ʻȥ
ڵϳ߼ţߵĵƴųٷɿ쵹ˣĹᣬȻŴⲻ֪ʲôֱ忪ֻ̫̫졣
ȻֻۣĻ½
ܣǱߵȷȥý壬ˣҪõϷ𣿡
áȻαǴ˰ɡ
ǡǰǱߣǻҪ𣿡
߼ߴʱܿߵǶ¥ǰĴƽ㣬λãһ̲ʮӾۿգסʸߴٷ֮ʮ壬¥еԵǶʱһֱԴǵ񻰡
Ȼۣ˵ȷŰɡ
õġ
ſڵʱ򣬳Ȼ˳ѳ⡣ĵƻţƿŽȥϷŻûʰ̴ӳЦЦ˶ˣûá
šȻѵ߸ЬԱߵİϣԵô
ͦģߵʱִһ̡
Ȼͷ˵ãڿɨһȦ̲˵˹εеȶˣ¥Ϣ̵ĻȻ̧ͷ۶¥յţת鷿ߡһЩûд꣬Ȼ֪κᱨǰһЩ׼ʱƪʱһЩ㵡
ܿȻתɺһ˲£԰鲻ֵܱһҲ޷Ķôܹһӡ
ϣȻʼıкͬûҳ鷿Ŵƿ̧ͷվſڵĳ˹εڵˮ˹εӣûʲô飬֮󣬳˹εſڣҪȥ͡
šȻЦһ£˵ȥɡ
Ļ˹εû뿪˼վǰۿȻʣȥҹˣ
ȥȳȻĻش𣬳˹ε˵ҪȻ㲻ôġ
ϵԣȻαشԼĶӡżҲó˹εЩƺͷߣҲ˼ǹġⳡϴˣ˲ˣЩǣҲЩΣƽʱٹعصıڣΣʱҲΪ˼ǮȥΪĶƴ
ȻȥðκοԵա
֪ͣǸʲôˣͷϣʲˣǹڳ˹ε֮ȥ˹εнˮ߶ȶ
ûн֦ļƻ
ҹˡȻ˵ҸһǮǮĹǻóĹأµǮ֧䡣ɫȥĳ˹εȻЦһ£˵Ϊ˲ûʲôϵ
ȥˡ
Һæûʱȥһһܹ˵ˡȻЩƣ룬ңֻҪţûм˳˳ˮġ
˹εû˵վһתߣû߼Ȼסȳ˹εعͷʱϽǶһɫŷ⡣
ûҲ뿴߰ɡ˹ε߹ȥŷ⣬ŷ⼸ǿյģֻڱ߽ǵĵطмӲĴСָŷ״Ǵ濨󣬳˹ε̧ͷ֮ǰĮҡ
ǰɡȻ°ѵԴ򿪣Ҫȥڿˡ
ΪȻһж̫ƶ˹εʼĻţȥ·ϣѾʼ̶̵ļСʱͻܵĶȥ᲻Ѿ뿪Уʲôͨߡ
˹εĴԷټ㣬ڳ⳵ţֻСʱǰгƱתվͿǹ˰Сʱǳ˹εʮӣǰǾ̫ãڣ˷ѵÿһӶޱȿϧ
ͣһƬڵĴǰʱ˹εŰѵֶڷ
ס˵Ӱ˾򿪳ͷ̽ȥһȦȻתͷȷ³
¡˹εǰյĴţС˵Ҿ¡
ţ˹ε˳⳵ͷ뿪ܿʧ󣬳˹εվԭûֻҪ߽ȥļʾǰٷ֮١վǶ紵Ҷʯźš
ֱɳۣ˹εűۣȻһȥԴϥϡĵһ֮ǰ˹εԼصٶȺԶĽŲص
˴ֵͲ߹Ȼǰͣ£˹ε̧ͷǸҲصֵֺ֮һͷ
ͣˡ
ʱ򿴲·
㡣


69 
ĵһ꣬˹ε̨ϣϸ˿һ˲һˮ˳Ь档ͺվīɫϣͺܿ챻ʪɫ½żճƯı
ʵһ㶼һֻſеʺͻҳҺ壬ʪ֮ϻú𤣬·³òɢζ˹εǳڶЩ㵵۾ʱסĲӣһǱǡ
棬ϵʱۣ˹εȥץԺĳǵˮͺĵػӦ𽥷ʱס
߰ɡ˹εһ㣬ˮƤϣ޷ȫۣ˹εǺͶӣֻһѩҹظ˵ȥĶСʹۣñָĨϵˮȻοԵĶ󣬺ӵڶǡ
ǼСԡ裬ˮºܸߣɫڴשһһˮ顣ëţ˹εת͵͵Եؽһ£ͣͣ˵ĭûɾ
ҳ塣˹ε촽͵ؿڣʼˣҺۣˡЦŻָؽķ䣬ϸس˹εͷϵĭ
ʪյЬ˹εܽϴܿ챻䦳Ƭˮգ˹εֵͲĳּĶһѱˮʳ˵ϡ
ͰѰϵݸ˹εһӡ
˹εӹٴת֮ǰסתͷǰǳ˹ε͵ߵӣʢһεĺɫȿмǿ顣
˹εЦʪڶͷϣеɵ
˵ˮԺʱܳһҲݳ޵ģмǿͨǸСԵģͺȻǼԺС֪䣬ŴС͸ӸߣڸǰҪűӵ͵ĵܵá
Ҳһǵõǿ飬ȿ٣Ƥ񣬵Ǿú㡣
Щ˹ε֮ǰ¶ˣƩڣҲܹԵǸ֣лҪ𵽶ǰԵп࣬һʹ
ǿϣ;ֵȥһ©ˮһ裬̧ͷҵ©ˮ㣬ڵϡˮվŷ˻ٻصҵʱ򣬳˹εѾ˯ˣֻа¶档
˹εӦúۣ۾յĺܽͿʱ򣬳˹εغһȻָ̧֣΢΢ſڰСȵػ¡ʶָ֣˲䣬ڻ谵˹ε¶һܵЦݡ
ܲˣڴߣô롣
ڶһ磬˹εʪĴŪѣΰѵۣǰپ޴ĺŵó˹ε˾໰ȫŻΪ˹εڿͷ˹ε
˹εקŰٵǰȣŤͷſڴУͣҹڷˣ
û˻Ӧ
ڴ룬˹ε´ߣ¹һƬܽˮջûȫɣӳƬơ䶼ûˣ˹εվ棬ͷԵİ١
ʮӺ˹ε뵽ȥֻȻ濴͵ϢʱһСʱ֮ǰϢɼ򵥣ҳȥһˣ󡣳˹ε߽ƿǣϣɫطˮ¡
ڲĿȣ˹εߣ˳ָָ룺ԼгԵİôʲô
糿ߵ㣬Ȼ¶̨ᣬһ׶һ룬Ȼſ˵ͷŽȥп
ոձҵȥȡģ˵ǲ͹ˡѿڻϣԥΣǿ˵Ҹ仰˵ϣԺҪȥˡ
Ȼֱۣ˳ֳֽ˲ϵĺ
ʱ򣬶ֵǮֵǮ϶Ǯ˵ġȻ̧ͷԶĸ¥Цһ£˵ģһĲֵ
վûӻȻ֪Լ⻰˵ȷʵͣǮһ£²ͶʣЩƲƷҲǿԵģϾҪȥȥ̸ǵġ
𣿡Ȼʡ
ûС˵Ǳ˵һ뿪ˡҪȥү𣿡
áȻֽųһţͰŲ̤壬˵Լġ


70 
ʮУƬбٱеĿȫѡбΪԴǵĳҵţе̨ĿŮ˽е绰ߣʵڶٵǿأȻֻЦŲ̲Ļ˾䣺ȽϺá
Ȼҵͼʼɢ൱ڴӱ˵ʳм£Ҷ֪
Ĳ˵һ˿϶ֻ
д걨ܽᣬźĻ˵ͦ
˵Ļû˵ڣѸٿһ⣬̧ͷɳϵĳ˹εЦƵⶼˣôڻ˽
˹εİֻ¶ῸӼ룬ϵЦ˼֣ü㲻֪
ʲô˼˹ε΢΢ǰ㣬ϥǡ
ӭ¸Ҫ飬ҲûҪôҰ֣¸²ƾ͵ðꡪ
˵ص㡣˹ε
῿һۣ˵ųͦģڰ˾˼ˣӭҲ֪ԱҲ̫ܳףùÿȻ濴ˡͣФʲôš
ФɽԱ߽һ䡣
ԡ῿αƬ̣תͷʺô֪ģ
ҲҼǶɹڹ˾ʱͽ֡
῵ͷ¿˹εͣһӭϴεҲе㲻˼԰ˣҪǲȥҾȥ˵һٻˡ
Ҽұڣֲˡ˹εЦһ£ƾԼ׬Ǯʲô͸ʲô˵꣬˹εɻɳֻ֪ڿʲôЩȵüͷϺߣ˸ͣǲе֡
һʼûô⣬ֻǳ˹ε£ϳ˹εѾ٣ߵıڹϵõҲ῵һξ֣ΪǴγ˹εӭа鷢ǲϣԼıڱ֧ʹ˹εҷԴˣķӦеˡ
˵ġֻҪ¶Ǹմϵ˹εըҩͰ
˹ε˵ῴ⣺ǰŮѶȥȥȥĻ͸λˡ
ȥ˹εֻڲԶصϣΪʲôȥ
ûһ˹εߣῸûֱ˹εӰʧڲǰŰԱߣС죺̫ˡ
е㡣˫ֳԺһ˵Ķ֡
ߵУſڣ˹εŵ߸վŵͣͷĺڷסüۣͿƣߺܵ͵Ʋ㿴ʱԵ˹ε߽Ͷû֣ۣؿ΢
˹εվǰ˼ӣͲۣ˫Ьʮֻ̧ͷó˹ε뵽ٶȺɨǡ
Ϳų˹ε˼˰ôʣ˵ڵֻĸ֣˯ˡ
֪˹εЦ˳
ûñӡ
š˹ε˵Եҩͦõģûǰôˡ
͵ͷվֱһЩȷ˹εվӰ˹εͷ˿ҪһЬ⣬С˵߰ɣ
ʵʳ˹εҲ֪𰸣ʹܾ
˳űֱĽֵǰߣ·вССʳƳֱε˺ܶࡣ·һƳʱ˹ε࿴˼ۣ;ͣҪҪԣ˹εվû˵ͻôĵصȡ
ˣ̫ճ˹εӣ˵һҸĿճΡ
ͺԵ룬¶ܵЦݣ˹ε֪Ҫ˵ʲôͬʱѻ˵ڡ
ڶҡ
ڶ㡣
ٺɫգ˹εں̵ƿͣΧ˺ܶ࣬Ĵɨһۣȷû˸֮˿ڵϵĺɫС˲Ӻܿ죬ʱ
ǲǺæ˹εתͷ͵Ĳϡƽоۡ
ûС˵ֲ꣬һ䣬ġ
˹εͷͷתȥǲվȺУܿܿͨ˹εֶ˶Сȵһ͵ֱûж㣬˹εָôűָһġ
ܹϵߵƮƮȻĸо𽥼٣ֱŤʼ룬Ӳ˵ѵ˿ʼ׾ӵĻԣһΪʲôԲ𴩡
ϲ͵һ뿪ʼ˹ε͸ԼҪȥ͵ľڰƽȣΨһΪġ
ʮһһţӭĶʱУ˲࣬ǺּеѺ顣ȻΪ˶еĿæĽŲմأ˹ε̼ҳϯ񣬳Ȼȥ֮ǰصؽҪµ塣
͵£Ȼֻδᡣ
˹εȻɵΪȻͬ͵ĹϵȻиҪҪԼӵ鷳£ֻҪò񣬳ȻĿǰһֻ۱һֻۡ
ͣڴſڣͯѳ˹ε˳װվſڵῡ߹һ߸кһָڣѾȥˡ
˹εͷһͻȻתͷǰԱĶ
ϸһ˿Σ˹εûüʣȺһԵ͵Ķ䡣

ûӦ˹εź߳ͣڷ÷Ժһɫװ˸ͦΡժ󣬿ų˹ε¶ЩεЦݡ
ҲԣҪ֪˾ɵĻּҵģҲ˹ε˵ѡ
˹εߴͺխƿ߽һ㣬ֻ˵㴩װúÿ
ֻҪ͸Ӧ˹εһ仰ͻ˵ǽĻôɡ
Ҳû˵ڣΪһ룬͵ĶﴫѸٴ϶ָ֮󣬵˵Ϲȥ
վԱߵѾȥӭͣ˹εͶӼ룬¶һЦݣ˵ȥæɡ
͵ͷת᳡ܣ˹εվԭأŴװǽߣ̵Ӧʱ΢΢ÿ·


71 
񼴽ڶʮӺʽʼ˹εͺûжã½½ʼǺȾƣûļ͵ݹƬ˹εЦŽߴɫõĳڻ᳡յĺɫϡ
Ҫ·ϵͳģ¥Ŀǳаģһֱʶĸףһֱûҵᡣ
Ŵ򿪣ʹͷְŶϵĶʱʱһͷ
̫ˡ˹εջߣĿڶеĸ߽űЦһ£˵Ҳþûˡ
Цӵݹ᲻صظ˹εһ£һƳлᣬϣһ¡
ѱѹ·˹εٴȻ˵ɱ˵ֵֻ֪ҡһ¶ǣӦձӣԶ˹εֶĳ߹ӦӵĿ϶˹εŤͷ˵ȥ͸͸
֪˼վߡ
ʳˣЦߴͷβӶǽģﻹĬĬʲô˲ܵʲôӦġܶҲǸЩһЩͷȥʶµˣ滰ȥ˵ҪڸԵϡ
ͽͷгӣҧŸӣҹ㽨ĵȥҷز̣ҩȥҽԺ
˹εֻЦӿڴͳֻͷϢææ
ûӣŴ汻ƿῴ߳Ƽ˹εͺʱһ㶣Ž⿪Ŀӣ˵ֲҲˣܳ
˵˵춼ˡ˵꣬ӿӿڴͳһƬս
ǺһƬ˶ֻЦЦʱ̣֮ܶ־ͣ˺һſʣôôͻȻҼǵһû°ɣ
˹ε̧ͷʹ˸ɫźʧܡ
ûáһ죬Ŵӿڴͳ̺Уóһˡ
һ£ֱϡ
϶ЦǺǵףﻹ֪ô˵ءüҧŻ֮һڣɫգҲûʲôǸеļҲҰ㻹ԣûŮԼʲôϵ
ֻҪϲͶɡ῵˵̻ң̧ۿų˹εͺ¶һ˿Цܱǿ
û˽ӻǵļͥ˵ʮķֽߣʮ֮ǰŮϵӲʣ̸Ҳã˽ҲãΪѳҲãֻҪܰץؼңһж˴š
һ˶ʮ꣬ĳҵddlҪյύʱ䣬ύҵôģöٷ֣ҲɲԼˡ
һ̳鵽һ룬῰̶űߣ֮ת˵ʱˣȥɡ
˹ε󣬽֮ǰóֻֿһۣû˻ظ
Ƶλ֮ûã᳡ƹϨһ̨ǵİɫԲεƣһɫ̨ЦݵؿּּͥĻֹ٣ŵ˷ǸԿʵĳ߶ȰռҪ
ʱ׼ȷؿ0룬0֮ë£ֶӵĴңŴٶ࣬ſ۽ſڣ¶βɴӭڡ
׼ƯΧҲеļ䵽λӭÿһʯȹβϵĻ꣬ĳϣӦȫ˵Ĺע
˹εſ˼룬ƿߣŤͷ򱳺ڴſվһŵİԱ᳡߻谵˹εüۣԱҲߣֻӰҲһϳ͡
׼ߵ̨ʱ˶ڻֻг˹εŲȺŴŴǸˡ
û˸Ǹǲͣ˹εǿʼⳡľ֣ŴȻֹƹѩ׹ߴۣ˹εǿԼҪۣڵƹʱ͵ײһһ
һĳֳ
׼볡ͬʱʿֶӿʼ衣һС鵰ŽƷһüΰζôԹǲ·Ǹӣ
û˵ֻͷѱľƺȹ⣬ͣ˺һŵ˵ǲҲνⱲӣҲˡ
Ϊ׼ѾǳԱչȫ˳ϢشӲ뿪ǵ֮ǰ˹εһƺڷǰ
ɺ̨ӵǣ˶ڹƣʱͻȻվĳ˹εۡקų˹ε½ǣЩɻʱȥ
˹εĿӺƿƮƮϣῺ˺ܶƣɢ˹ε룬ڣⱲʲô㣬ҡ
˵꣬˹εӣڳǳɫͷҲصߡ
ƿţǰһխȣȿ˵ϣ˹εɿµļſߡ߶ţ˹ε֪һ䣬ҲóȻһ俪ȥ
ߵȾͷͷɫȫͨıʶţ˹εվǶԼӳڲϵӰӡ˲֪ãֱϵӰһˣ˹εһ£Ȼعͷ͵ཻ
վһȰ뿪ǰһϺУԱ͡
˹ε˼룬ͳ߹ȥߵýЩ˹εͶͷϵı
ʱ䲻ֻܿʹۿͣ˼룬Ž˵տϢ
˹εЦһ£ĿķϣҪԷ𣿡
š
ôڷԣ
ûλˡ濴ų˹ε˶٣ֲ˵ȫͨҲ졣
˵˹εҲףֹиԵȦӣ˾Ҳ⡣ּҵĶУǮֶ࣬һ˾ͽӵֻӦв˲
˹εЦһ£ƿȫͨţתͷ˵Ҳãһԡ
ȫֻͨһյصƣÿ1ͻϨ𣬳˹ε̨ϣһԱ͡Ȼ˵ǷͰÿݻ˵ⶼ˹εΨһһȡ
ˣͰѿӵݸ˹ε˵ԣҲ
ʳڿյ̫ã˺׶ѾˣЩûθڵĲζƮֻһţ᳡ڵÿ˴ǰ˵̣µ˲ƻ
˹εһ죬ÿȣҧһСڣһ߽һ߿䣺ͦóԵġ
ʹֻͲƣȻҪҪˮ
ˡ˹εֱżͷѿӻͣӭ⣬˵ոǰ˲ٶʣµ԰ɡ
͵ͷ˵á
ͳԷٶȺܿ죬ļȳ˴룬׷Ѿף˹εѹûгζֻΪӡ˹εͻȻᣬ̧ۿǰһ룬˹εѸٵͷҧһļȡ
ιιФɽأ
ʹ϶󣬵ش𣺡ڡ
Ķȥ˰㣿˵ǳԷʱ㻹Ҹ徻ضԷˣ̨иܣȥһ£㰡Ū˰˶ⲻ𡣡
յ
ۿ;Ҫվ˹εֱۣ˵Ѳ˳ȥԷʱǳԷʱ䡣
͵İã˹ε͹˹ǣȻ˵ҪǮġ
˹εԭҪ˵ʲôֻʱȻ˹εóһۣǺ

Ҫˣܷ˵ҪӰɡ
ھ׵İȫͨԵúܴͺܰؿų˹εĻ͵ͷѷʣ˲һȻϸӡ
ֻͲĹϨһ³˹ε֣˵ȥɡ


72 
˺üΣӰ˷ػžƱĳ˹ελƵм䣬վϴαĹѪͷ׼ߣЦݵ˼Ŵͷաۿ̨µļҪ˹εһɣװϡ
Ǹȵеˡ˹εֲ̧°ϵľƣЩε˵ȥʰһ£ġ
ڷŵĳΣ˹ε߳תţ῿ʧڻ᳡ڵĳ˹εתͷЦкܣǶļš
ٽ磬¶ǵߵʱ򣬼ఢװõ廨ĴߣƬɫûսĴӿƮڵϡ˹εһסĩỊ̇ûֽ
ȥİװͦģҪҰ͵Ƶϴһ£
û¡˹εҡҡͷЦ˵ֽĻһҲС
̺ܿΧȹڴͳһͽֽݸ˹εһ룬Ȼţ˵лл
ɫҺѾȫڣ߲ĺɫۼɱֳȷ˹εֽ߬ģ˿ԶĻ걻ЮϵصȪء
˹εȾƺȵĲ٣ƾ͸ѪҺԴͶٻߵûֱͨһ˹ε͵ػعͷ
˹ڵϣ°ҵڿ˹εϵľȣǰ˼ϥڴֲڵĵשĦϸ
ү㣬ĸ׸̧֣һɡ۾ﲼѪ˿΢΢ȥһ˵һҪȥץ˹εСȣ˹ε㿪ˡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ҡҸҹģСʮˡ϶˵˿ĭ̧ͷų˹ε¶һЦݣ֪֮ǰĲãܹ⣬Ѿˣұ֤ԺĹ̲ٳһëģ
һҡʮˣôֻһҵĻô˵ƲƲˡ
˵һ˵ٸһλᡣü̫Ѩŵúܴ󡣳˹εźۼһСְˣƽ˼ĿǰܲҼҵ⡣
ġЦ¶Ϊ̶ƵݣֻҪ˵һ£ῴӵġ
˼˹εһе£Աɡ
˼ֳŵذ壬λƵվ˹εعͷЦһָĻ֪˼һ˸֪˭ĶӣмǮͲ֪Լʲôˣ֪˼ұô˵𡭡ģȻӣ
㲻Զľ룬˹εͣ½Ųתǰˣٺ˵ǱˮأҪ߲ȥ㱳䣬ȥͰԼɡ
˵ֿ̱Ļ˹εʮó߸ϣ֪Լ⸱ܹ׵ȼ˵ŭһ룬˵ŤȻѸٳ˹˹εۿţֿ°ڡʱ򣬳һϥ䡣
ԼЬǰˣ˹ε̧ͷǰˣЦһ¡
ĺ棬ÿֳ㶼֡˹εĴһȦȻʣɳģ
Ͳ˵ıѹŸһȦȷû˵Ĺֱ֮Ŷ˵ˡ
ԱѸٵֵòС᳡Ҳܳ˱ߣٳʱŤͷ˹εվŵķһĭ˹εܿ챻ȺΧм䣬ְʹ򱧲ƽ֣˵Ⱥ֮⣬ӿͷϸѳ˹εͷβĿڳ˹εؿڵһƬͣ΢΢üֱȷϳ˹εϲû˿ڣתߡ
˹ε׷͸ߴıӰԱ˷߷߲ƽ˵ԱڸʲôأûôŽģ
Ǹ˵һ
һֱվڼطΧڣǵٶǲе˹εɨһۣ΢Ц÷ķýҲ̫СˣҪǸղλھͲ˵һ为¶ˡ
˹εĻųһ亹ͷվԱߣƲƲ죬῿һۣû˵
˹εѧУϿΣӭ͵ϣ֮ǰӭó˹εѳҡӭһЦ˵ôһ伪黰û˵
˹εҲЦȥȣ֪ж༪ˡ
ллӭ˵
ڻѧУ·ϣ῿αٺؿڣӭѧҪǸеȥŷ̥
ŴѸٵ˵ͩͻȻ˵Ҳ֪Ժ᲻ڡ
Լѡ·῿ֻͣ룬ֻصϣҲԼš
ǶûʸڣֽǶ˵ÿҪڵϣǶûʸѡ
߼ϳֽͨ¹ʣֻһСĦûһԸŲųɳ˹ε۳⣬óֻͷţæûͻصĺܿ죬˵׼ߣϼ¿ΣҪȥӡ
˹εֻЦͬһʱ䣬῵ֻ绰ῴʱֻżһ
û£Ҳ⣬⡣
ҵ绰ῳʲôˡ
һ͵ĵܱˤһ¡˵῿˳˹εһۡ
ŶһȻʣǺܹ𣿡
˵ʲôʦƷʮɣҿҲһ͡
ԱЦѾ˾ڿʼˣᣬ˹εֻĻͻȻʶÿһεͻȻ֣˵񶼰޷ܵĴۡ
ͻǳˣÿһζǡ


73 
˹εʰ궫ͼݳţԶмڰӣīɫĹװ˳ų˹ε߿ȥڻ˵ҪȥУˡ
У԰̻úܺãͩ࣬ÿ¶רԱ޼֦֤ǵĸ߶Ⱥб򶼱һ£Ψ˹ϵӵȨüïʢжʮ׸ߣںܴ󣬺ʵҶƬչɢƯĹ
ǵУ죬һ֣˵ѧУʱ԰ʦ㿳ÿЩͻأšŲľ룬Уһʣ˲ϴɡһ·Сܹȥס
˵רģԵԽߣԽջߣų˹εЦЦҾҸû˵ʱӸ֦
˹εŸСһֵɫɣ˵ɵҸľӡ
ٵĻȣ˹εͳֻ׼ͷϢֻóЩɻǸͰɣ
˹ε̧ͷҡҷĻƹߣվ˱ϵͣ΢΢ͷغˮĹûȳ˹εع񣬺Աߴ͵֣ͬһʱ䣬תͷĿڳ˹εϡ
Ȼ߹ẓ̌˹εӦøոճ类õԺĺڷ´ȥ˿Ŷ
Գǲˡ˹ε۾ͣʺ
룬ȻһͷȥƷײü죺ǲڰ
˹εͣǰͣ˵ţͼˡ
תͷôұҵٸ˵أȻô˵Ťͷͼܣܵһ뻹ͷ˹εǸΧвѧѾӽѧ¥Ľк׷תͷ˹εǶ
Ǻ޷ӦֻͷǰǸθߴˡ
ѧܣǽ𣿡
ǡСȵع˹ǣӹ˹εıŽ˵Ĵ࣬Ÿʶˣ˵ҿԽѧУȡ
˲ſߣ·ܵĲƺһŮ̧ͷ۾һֳ̧߻˻Ρ˹εûʲôӡƫͷͣͳ겻Ϻ¶һ˿ȡ
ʱ˵ȱģء͵Ŀڳ˹εЩڵϣͣټ룬˵԰Сʱշѡ
ǮһСʱ˹εüͬ۸񸶸㣬ܷ
ͳ˹εһˣҲ𽥾ֱ߱˹εǷڿЦС·ǰߣţ˹ε˵һѾܺˡ
ˤú𡣡˹εͻȻʡ
ͶŻƸӵĲɫש˼룬˵Դˡ
˹εɫתͷͣӭߣܵ͵˵˵ȱҲûȫķã˵յĳѺͽ𡣡
Ӧ֪ˤͣ˸Դûеĵܣ㲻ʲôͷֻǿ۳ѺͽѾŴˡ׬Ǯͻһֶû׬ЩΪ
˹ε̧ͷԶȼյĺɫգͻȻʶԴ͸һ֮ͺԽԽù
ûǴǮڶȥģۿԽԽĻǮĹǻһҪǹݶȹһĶ졣
Ĺؼ۸۳һҿϺеǮԼܵģҪȻʱȥһɡ
û¡ͳЦЦȻ˵ܽ
֪ͲҪǮ˵ͳȻҹѾǼˡӳ̼뿪ÿһ죬ͶԼѪûȻڣҪóȻǮȥ̸ĹأͲܡ
ߵУſڣ˹εֻǺĶţĶڳ˹εظϢʱͽһ绰͵ֻϾɣ©վĺܽ˹εȫǵ̸ݡ
û룬˹εͷֱ绰ͷδ½ᡣ
˹εڸһ֪żҾԲȥµġŮܲףתҽԺˣŲ֢ǻʿң˵Ӧסȥ
ˣҸ˹ε˵һ˵ܸܲҽԺ绰ĹϵҶ֪ǳ̼ҽԺȳһ֢˵һ仰¶
ι
ˡͺգգۣҸ˵
ֻƿͨڼʹ۽ޣ˹εűɫȾ
ŮףϣܰæҽԺһ֢
ļҽԺ
˹εѸٱ绰Ǳߵ½Ჶ׽Щڰö϶˹εù͵ֻŵߣһ½˵ҽԺǱߵϢһͳԼֻ沦һ롣
绰ܿͨ˹ε͵ֻȥȻŻͲ˵½Ǳߵ̬òرϣԺ԰һ֢ŮԵ㻤Ա
վԭأ΢Ц绰ĳ˹εӣ˹εҵ绰ЦŸ㶨ˣ˵һԺȥס
ֻͺŵȷ̫ϣû򼸷ӵ绰ֻȵķ̡
ͺصͷȻֻŶǱڵȴ½˵ˡ
Ǽأ½ŮסͰ񾭼CT֮ǰ򵰰ףҲȫ롣
վڲ⣬˹εȾν½ŮĲ飬Ʒҩ˹εʾл֣Це˵ⶼС¶
ҽԺЩǺ˵ˮζ߰˲㻤ļ˶˯ڰС۵ϡ߽ݣʿ½ᣬ΢ЦŽ˵ʶ̼ˣҪȻô
½ЩεЦЦ
ͣһ¥Ŵ򿪣ʿȥסɷѴ𳤶ӣƹͷܶȺʿ򿪽ɷѴţֱߵͣӵĹλڵ롣
Ǯ¶Ͳùˣ㻤ģס¥µ˫˲ʿڼϴһַӡ̵𣬵ȴվݴӡʱмҪߵĴڴŶӣܿ챻ʿܾˡ
߲ҵģԱŶӰ
תͷҽڴվһȻͷĻ»صĩλá


74 
ҽ칫ҳ½ᱻųһ亹ҽ˵ί񣬵ﻰⶼ͸¶ҺƼʱŮ°뱲ӿ¾Ͳôˡ½῿ǽվһֱԶлʿŲߺ·½Ż񣬲ڳλá
߹̨½ῴվڽͺͳ˹ε˹εǽվ΢΢̧ͷǰˡͲ֪˵ʲô˹εԴǵЦΡʹʼնۣ˹εվֱֲ֮һ³˹εͷİɫǽҡ
ֻȷģҲֻ
½߹ȥ˹ε̫лˡ
ڲſǲ̫˵㰡˹ε½ᣬվĸһЩЦӯӯ˵ûʲô¶С
½ͷҵԷС
аһ𡣡˹εüײһ͵ļ磬㶼֪͹ҵĵ绰֮󳵿ж졣
ǡ½ҲЦͣ˵ҲллС򡣡
лҡתüͣʲôû
˵꣬˹εק͵װطʲôû˭˵ʲôûģ
֪˹εڼװͻ˵ͷ˵ãˡ
ϵסԺɺܶ࣬ڲʱʱ⴫ĸŻ˺ѷΡڴϵ½̲סȥ˹εɫʱվڹͱѬҪµСү°ʮؿڶ͡
ҽԺĹƻʿԵúСʳָָѹڵƬϣƻ׶µɫƤɱƬŹ⻭ȦͳԶеڣƻϸƤõ֪㣬Ȧڰա
ͬСкںĿֱһȦƻƤͨһͰСкܸӵ˿ڿˮڰĲԵࡣ
̧ͷһۣһ˫ܺڵ۾͸䵭Скŵӣ˳ñסؿڡõƻݸ˹εִӹһƻͷһƤһ˵㡣
Ϊ˵ʱû̧ͷĬ˼룬˹εҧһƻŶԴСЦ˵˵ġ
Ск¶һɬЦݣС˵лл塣
ƻĿ϶˹ε뵽ʲôתͷ½˵ʱ䲡ţvipճʱȥչŮͱȽϷˡ
òá½Ű֣и˯ͺܺˣôƷѡ
㲻סҲǿŵġ˹εЦЦѾƷˣҲһ㡣پܾԵýˣ½ͷܣ˵˼θл
ڶƻãվߵСкߣƻݸ˳ֽ棺ԵĶǡ
ʱԽԽ½Ȼȥ߳ͺͳ˹εڵݿڵ˰Ҳתͷ߲ݡµ¥˹εصƣתͷ͵ĲЦƽʱ϶вãƻļǺõѵġ
͵ͷͬѵ˵ͣ˼룬˵ƻƤϲԺ˵
ԺԺţƻҪƤԣƻƤҪֲϣϰеĹƤһ׶೤ΪһĺãһըȣȻõĴ࣬ʱǰģŪ֣ᱻվ
˹εҲ֪ô赭д˼ֻ죬ûʡ
߳ҽԺתţ͵ɨԶԲ˶٣ס˹εͻȥٹ½ԼҲġ
˹εԭ˵㻤͵ʲôû˵
Լ߰ɣ
㡣ǰ
á˹εЦЦô鷳ҽԺ빷ҲԶ
ۿҪ˵˹εȻ˵˰Ҹ㷢Ϣ˹εɿ̨ף·ת֣ܿġ
վԭأ˹εӰԽԽСȫʧתߣȴûҽԺţǵͷԱߵĴʯԲߡẓ̌ʯһɫװƽͷҶһ
ĴһȦ˼״˵ֻһ

үͣͣܵİš
ʹֱۣϵ˰̣ܵͣڳҽԺˡ
ҽԺſгš
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Ȼŵ˺ܶ࣬ͷֵĵһֱϵ˰̲ǵˣӵĺۼЩ˵ķǿ˵Ӧûô¶š
ֻ˵ǹ¶ţֻΪ˱֡
Ϸûлز̨ϣķɳŵֱֻĻ͵ͷһۣǳ˹εƽϢĩһЦ
ͺЦһ׼ظʱĻҳлһ绰һͺϤĺ롣
ͣ˼룬Ͱ½ͨͲ϶䣬һŮ˳סҽԺ𣿡
ûӻҲ⣬Цһ֮˵ˤǸܣѾȥǮˣŪ˾Ūˣ滹Ҫеģ𣿡
ֻ߬ͶŵΪһмѸپۼȺеƣһǮ㡣
Ҵ绰ֲΪǵǮ
벻ͨ绰һ¡
˳˹εʲôҲǣȻ˹εҲʲôǡ
ֻҪһͺá


75 
ʮµףĳý屬ϳҵڶебԴָ߲㴮ͨǰⶨбƪˮ󣬳Сʱ󷢳ҵʾߵ̶ϷϹ棬һĳЩ̵
칫ҴţȴΣڲЩƣɡ
ƿţǺ˵ζӿǻ鴹ͷؿһȻ߽ȥļзϡκһ㣬Ѽָǿͷֽ̧ͷʣô
ҡҡͷǱߵһֱŲ죬绰ȥǾ˵ˡ
ˡκһֵۣǰ壺ûʲô¶ͳȥɡ
칫ºϣŸ߸ЬнԶ칫ڵĲŰ΢΢ѹƿ߳һڣĳȻӡ
κʼû˵Ȼϵ֮ԭͲļĿѣĹ˾ͻȻתͣ봫ͳ̺תͷ͸ĳзܼҾӵоǩ˺ͬȥ飬Ǽоķǳҵ˾ĵĹɶ
첻¸µĴҵҲû취μӣټϸ㡭ͻȻסƳһ۰κѳ嵽ߵĻȥͣͣŽ˵Ҳ̫ãѾʼ˵лˡ
̼Ů޷ֱŮ˸ϳȥκŻ£Ȧϲ˵ûЦ
κûнӻ˼ɳϣ֧̣ͷα컨壬૵Ȼûʲô𡣡
žһͻŵֶһ£һ㣬ڰ칫κκѵڵϵļмָı߽ǣżļҳͬЩƣС
룬ȻͻȻЦ
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¿εʱ򣬳˹εֻ£Ļ˹εͷϢ򵥵ļ֣˵ſڡ
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͵ͷһԼϵİɫ£ЩεЦЦӹİڼϣȥ𣿡
ڣ˹ε㶣ʡ
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紵죬͵ĳ´ù˹ε¶ЦݣǰһȻתͷֻʣԼ𣿡
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ΪȷϹϵ֮ĵһԼᣬѧУ֮ǰȥ̳·ЬĳЩʱ̣ȷҪһЩ
˹ε֪ĿĵأҲûʣֻʹߵվڵȳʱڳϣһ𿴶¥ϵĲͣõĹ档ĳǵõ廨ֵʱ򣬳˹εһͿһۣȻֱֹ᲻صһ¡
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ˣ͵ͷȥ׽˹εֱȥϸ˺üΣָӡûҵͷЦ̧ͷϳ˹εЩɵЦݡ
ֵǴϼΰ
ҲЦָɵ£ų˹εƽػشһֱϡ
1·ڰߴͣ£˹ε˳٣˸λãó˹ε档Ĺ˹εһ복Юͩζķ˹εͳֻ߶㲥׸裬ѰɫͶ
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ʮӺյվ³ûǰ̫ã˹ε²ƺǳɫˮƽֻǼѼӴͣڰߣź΢
СʱԺÿ»ǳһΣֺõĿֲõľڰ档˵ԼСʱ£˹εޱ棬˳бߣ˹εǱֺõǸ𣿡
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ð˹εͣתͣϵЦݸ󣬡һ£ͱָˡ
ԭֻЦʱ򣬳˹εһû㣬˳ӵرۡ͵кܵ㣬촽һʼֻǵĽǣܿ죬Ϳʼ洽ߣȻҧס´
޷˹ε˫ȷһ»ס֪ǵ׳˶ã˹εֻ֪ƿʱĴԻ崻
ų˹ε΢΢ŵ촽Ĵָ˲ǣȻֵĻ𡣡
˹ε룬еصͷ
Ǿͺáǰߣתʱ򣬳˹ε΢΢ǡ
磬˹εһɫĴͷֱߣŽŵŻģ˹εû̱λϴַỵ̂ڶ濴Ц
Ҫջȥʱ򣬳˹εѾҪˣȥȽŵţֻǿȻ΢΢קŷµһߣһ룬βһ
ǵ紬
ǡ

浽Żȥԭǳ˹εԶŲɫƴĺҪȥ档ϧղ˹εĻѩһҲûϣ׾ˤͷ
ʹûЦôģˮһ룬˹εҲЦȻͽűߣק͵ĿȣӲǰҲϡ
ӦһԼᣬûԺû취ΪβĻ


76 
Ϊʲô˹εЦһ£һٸ޷Ĵ𰸣ʡ
ҽ˵ʲô𣿻ĶĲã
߰׸ߵĿݻӲŷҡΣͿų˹εֻǼӣ֮ǰڵ绰Ȼ̸ЩʣһϵЩʣһ䶼ǲסˡ
̫á˵
ס˹ε߽ץסƮ°ڣеƣҺ͵ϧһӶһҪ˵Ϊ̫䲻ƨͱ˵ˡ
ĺ˵;Ĳٿڡ
ܰˮͣ˺þã˹εɿ߬°ڵ֣Űɫ½ϸܵ壬˵ҹˡ
š
˵ʲôˣ
û˵תͷǰɫ档ԶĺӪҵ߽еЩ̶ĵǹ
ϲʲôܵͣҪ紵ɢˣ˹εͻعͷ¶һЩƣЦݣңϲʲôڷ紵ңס͵üۣ˹εֻܿ͵촽΢΢źϣɬ
Ҵ𲻳
Ϲͣˣһֱߵ·ϲŴ򵽳ʮӵ·γȥŲʮӡȥ·ûСûкӣûжĻɫ߷˹ε⣬һηԴǵĸ¥Ȼô࣬֯쳤˲ӣҲֻܴӷ϶￴һСƬա
ʻסլ԰Ȫ֪ʲôʱˣɫʯԲˮƣŵѾﵽĿĵأûҪ˼˾Ƴһۣѵ˰
˹εͷŰ֣˳
ûи˵ټҲʣΪ˹ε֪׻ܲܺټߵһ룬˹εֻؿڷ£һڵϣֳŶʯ棬ڴڵ
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ߵ˵ͣˮ̨ϡӰͶǰżгɳ۶Ӱ̥½飬ָֻ糣
Զһɫͣһ³Ȼվǰ
û̧ͷɫĵ棬˵ͻȥˡ
˵ͷͣ˼룬شҸ㣬úܺá
ȷܺã˹εǸеˣ˵ı仯һ񶼻ᱻ׽Թɫǹٳ̳Ǳزٵ˹ε᲻֪֮Ȼͬݵλʹѹ
ҪȻʲôֻҪȣŸ·޷ʱ򣬳˹εȻȥæȻ󿴽׼ǮȨˮ棬ѹѹȥʱȻףİһǴ
㻹𡣡̧ͷ
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ϵķΣЩεЦЦϰ彻Ĺˣҵ˽ʱ䡣
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ˡ
Ĳ̶ܴԴڳ嶯嶯ĦֻҪʱ㹻ãų嶯ʧҲʧ
ȥһϲԷһ㣬ұ֤Ƕ˵Ȼֻ΢Цſվſڵ壬Ҳ֣ǷֿҲ£ֻ˴˶ʡһʱ䡣
ǣ֪ҲЦߴ棬˵ͷΪǺá
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Ŵ򿪣ŵ߽ȥһ۾Ϳڿλϵĳ˹εɫë£ʮƽؿ⡣
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᲻أ㹻Χ˹εʼͷû̧
Ĺڷˡ
ɴᵽͼסˡЦ߹ȥڶ档
˹ε˰תͷû˵ֻ¶һܵЦݣֿʼĻϻûɵpptĶһȫϣһֱ֧ʵڰջһȺڵϡ
ȥ񣬿ϧ첲߳˹εĵӣҼһ±ʡ
ų˹ε£α˫ֱԺ󣺡ˣǰһڶԼýƣովȻ˵ȥˣȱһҪͰɣҲþûˣƿ϶
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ıʺˤˡ
ǰɣܿѸոյĻԺšʸǼʼ⣬üֽϻүүϹŶҰ֪ɱҰ
ߺԽԽԶ˹εͼעڵĻϣ첻͵ֿʼĴԾͱһƬհס
͵ĶԻԡҪټˡΪβԺҲû档ȥҹֻ½ᣬ½ıҲЩӡ
Ҳ֪СȥĶˡ½ͷһֱΧų˹εİ٣С˵ü춼ûˡ
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ת˹εվ£ͻȻʶΨһߵĶʹȦԭǿ


77 
˽վڳıţ˹εһۣ˳ȻոսһƵ飬˹εժô
궬Ӧˡ˹εҶЦһ£Բõһ㶪ˡ
ȻֱָֻӻһҳѸٿĵϽ˵ָ˲١
ھһ·ʱͣһڹ·ϵˣǣ̶̼׿·һֶӡůţȶϣó˹εе
һ֣ѺĻ͸˵ġȻֻ£̨ͷٻؾƵʱø
ò˹εۣػش𣬡̫ˡ
ȻӰóƽ壬Ļ𣬰׹Ǿõ㾢
ʻ߼ţƹߵǶ¥ӳһֱƵʱ䣬Ȼ绰󲿷ʱǱ˵ͨǵļԻ绰ǸٵĿйء
绰ҶϣȻѳҡһ룬ѸٹᣬȻؿ˵⼸죬Ҫ뿪ڵߡ
˹εۣ££ףתͷЦ˵Ҫֵˣ
¿ʼ̼ҵžûϹһƪһƪ˳Ȼĺֶ֮⣬ʼ˽ͼӴסŮܲõ˽и߹ܵͷֻҪĹߵŮˣжôͻֻҪ˵һ䣺ˣͿȫĨɱ
ЩȫӰ첻˳ȻЩ飬ˡԣ˾ʼתעìͷ׼˳˹εͳ䶨ʮͷĸү˽ܲɾ
ϧȥֻѾӵӭοûּҡ
ȥһҷ٣ϸԳԷϷ򡣡Ȼϳֱߵı±šӣİɫ˵еԶһ㡣
ȻĻ˹εϵЦһȥȫʧƽֱĴǡ
ߵ㣬ͣھƵſڣ֮һŮӵƻͨĴ߳˹ε˳վűӭϳ忴˹ε¶Цݣļ磬ºЦѧھͱҵ˰ɣ
ǡ˹ε΢Ц˵ϾͿԵҵˡ
ҵðٳմϷ̧ۣôǮҵҲ뵱
ǰ·ϣٵĿ͸¶ϣҲʩλӼ˾ȻЦӦǿ⣬亮֮عͷںĳ˹ε
С̣˵еͬѧѾˣ
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ͷĲడ
š˹εЦЦӦԵˡ
ҲǣҪ˶ˣҲǺ¶ɨˣ޶⡣
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˹εȥȻ˵
ߵͷƿţ˹εվ¶ƽ̨ķ٣վԱߣ˹εָẉ̂Ǳ紵ɺ졣
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̵˺ˣѧУŮǴǹԻУʵϾװơ̻ңתͷЦ˵ʵͦġ
·ߺȻԶ˹εۣһСŤͷŷ٣ʮƽؿ˵
gay
˶Ӽ룬Ц
ͬĳ״˹εһμ٣ָоΪ֪ȻΰǼ档
Ҳǡһ̣Űͷǽש𣬺ɫ̺ۻһܳĻߣҿ㣬һеһ𡣡
ȻûнǣҲûǣ֣֪һԶ
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ʵҲûжãһ˼ʮû沢ϡ棬ֵǣͺˡΧû֪మҲû͵֡Ƿ˵ǣ˹εỳ֮󣬶׫Ψһ
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û¶ҶԼ棬Ŀ꣬ٸҰ˵ұˡӣ˵Ҿġ
һڣٳڳ˹εߵƵʺܸߣеʱѧУſڣеʱڼſڡȥĶڶڼ֮⣬ٶԴȫ⣬̳һ䵽㣬ÿһҪתͷʳ˹εСʱֵĹʮ
ܹϵ̫ͻȻе㷴Ӧ͵͵ʹüΣǲʲôѱϣ
˹εӻֻ˼룬վ˵ҳȥԷˡ
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ֱһŮߵشǰѹ˵ѩˣ˹ε˼룬תͷⱻ·͸ѩ
׵ѩڻʮ½١
Ⱥܿѩռ˹εżһıӰڵϵֲԾ֪߬˻ظ˹εǴֻһ룬ڶԻͣѩˡ
ֻϷϣ˶ڿѩֻг˹εֻ
ȴظḺ́лҪţ˹εоԼ촭ҪϢʱĻȻ˹εסˣһ룬ɿֵסĻ
ָһֱڶ˹εһָƿڷ϶ԵֵĶš
Դķͻѩ
һĳ׵ȥ˹εЦ˳
ֻĻٳûϢ͸ָ죬˹εģİ׹⣬ƿ׼صĻʱϢϽʾһδϢ
㿪Ϣһİ룬Ҳֻ̣һ֡
š
ֻķѩͿѩˣķ
˹εֻվʱСߵӣü˻ͷ˹ε˲ȥͷҲص¥ܣ¥ÿһܵġ̨ףͷص˹ε߱ģͣ
һصƻˣ˹εˣڵĿռԼʣ¼̨ףһȫͨͻȻһӵĽŲȳ˹εͷ󾱴һʹûסΣ˹εصˤ̨ס


78 Ѫ в
˹εоԼˣֱ۴˼ϣܽŵԱϻͺ̲ݵĳζѬθ׵ʹԽԽǿңг˹εֻжԼڱѧУſϡ
쵽ĩΪ˷ѧϰŽȡ֪ϳȥԶ˹εڸ˵һϷԡҲǰ˸ˣü˵㡣
̸ԽԽ˹εҪ̧ͷʲôصѹͷǽġȳ˹εһʱ򣬼Ѿ߳ѧУЬⲻ᲻ص̨ϰһ¡
û߶Զͣ˹εǿԼۣģϡֻܿǰһ˵š߹ȥӿڴͳԿ׿صɢ
ѧУŵӡ
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ĶôŲӰڳ˹εϣ˶ץ죬֮󣬳˹εŵ֤ݣʱ¶ˣķˡ
һվſЦһ֧̳꣬⿴һۣ˾໰ĸʲôȥˣ
ˡ˶ͷЬ˼£תͷ߹ɫ̻մЬףǳĺۼ˶ڵϵĳ˹ε˵Ūѡ
קͷ£ᣬ㹻ó˹εüȡ˹εۣ۹ԾҪͷԱƫͷקͷֽץţ˹ε̧ۣͷ
ѧУŵĲֿ⣬Ǹ̻һģܷ׸ߵܣкͲ;ߣǽǶûüŵơơ
ʲôأ˶ֳϥǳЦ¶һΪ̶ѬƵ˹εûʲôӦͷԱ˵ƼûǴ˼ҵү˻ƨš
˹εһȷû֮󣬿ʣҪǮ𣿡
ǰЦ󣬡ܸ٣
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һָڵϻ˼ȦȻմְڳ˹εϣֵǮȳ˹εڣվſڵ߹С˵磬۱ˣȶְɣٵʱ䱻˷ֹƲճ
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֪ƨɵǸǱƨɵģҲҪͷڵϣų˹ε˳£ÿ°ڣְƤϣܰźˬ˾С
϶Ա˳һۣԥ󣬻ǿڣǱֻ˵ļƬ
ôˣͷ⿪Ƥǰקų˹εͷֻ֣Ž°ͣӣĹôˣҲûеĸҿڹģŪҲԡ
첲Ұˡͷų˹ε򢣬ǿͷſ˹εоڶȫû취ֱֻηǰ˰ڿһʱ򣬳˹ε͵ط̧ϥһš
˳ʹгȲסӵȥһ룬˹εһ裬ڵϣͷ˼ĭ˹εĸ˼š
۵û취˹εֱҪֱܿ˾ȥѹֽϡ
ͷҧгݵ˵ǵŪ㡣
˹εۣǰ˵ޱشＷ֣ʲô
ͷ̧ͷԱʹ˸ɫ
硣ɫп˵Ļë촽ɨ˳˹εһۣѹʣ˵һ᲻ҧ㰡
ͷѿӵһ٣ͣ˼룬¶һЩĵЦݡ
ͷֻͳӸվԱߵˣ̧Ųų˹εСȣ¼һΣ¼þʵ
򿪣þͷڳ˹εϣСϵԽԽأ۵̫Ѩͻͻֱ˰ŪζĿó˹εҪ³Եʱ򣬳˹εΪǻþ
ܿ죬ֱߵˣ£неһᡣ
ˡȩ̈ͷŴһۡ
ڹˣȥšͷקų˹εͷͲĸŪסһ
˹εͷ̧úܸߣĺܽСȵض˶ųһڿˮ
ȥġͷסһ̧־Ҫ˹εȣͬһʱ䣬ſڴ˵ĽкֻһȻֹžˮϵ졣
ͷѸתֻƳſ˵ϵıѸٳģûôߡ
Ǹ߽ץŵڵ˵ĺ죬ϵԱߡͷһϵϿֱ˸ƿŲԶˣЦһֵܣߴ˰ɣ
ǰûڵ˹εֱֱؿֿſڵͣɫ޷ͷּˣ˲٣øӷôɣÿθͼʱôǱ
˹εúЦǸһ۵ĵһᣬͺˡǸ߹ʱ򣬱ӹŵĵػΣٻƹУ˹εǸӶ˵ĶӣͷǶѾ䣬մѪ
ͷžƿȥͶ㶼û㣬Ųƿļͷһ룬̧ŹͷĲӣŹӵ»סײ˵Դӵͷֱӻ˵ĶͷѪܿð˳ƤµΡ
û뵽ôͻѪԭץų˹εһ̧ȾҪܹȥ˹εѸץ˵°ڣܴ󣬳˹εͷڱô֡
ֱͷѵЮѿζľƵͷϣ˹ε̧ۣؿŸղŲͣȭͷ˵ڵϡ
߹ȥӵѾϵĹӣֱزһ
ͷڲԶͻͷһۣȻ߹ȥ̧Ųѹͷѹˮ֮΢΢ڵϼ˿鲣˳µ˵۽ǣ˵ͷ


79 
βƬڹԴƯĹ󣬹ͷ˱ϥѹסܣǻǿң͵Ļ̧۳˹εǱ߿һۣ˿Ѫ¶ЦݣӺǿڣ⡭ͱ**ˣ
Ĵָ鲣תָʳָ֮䣬ѹ壬ֺ̧ԥسȥ̫Ѩ˹εѪ϶ͷͺȫ⣬ɿҲϵسȭͷҪָ̧񵲣̧𲻵һָһȭı䡣
ѪſˮˮϽ컨һӣԭ˾һһѪһͻڴ򣬲֪ƣ롣
͡˹εС֣ƵĲ񻰡
£͸߸߾ڰͣ£̧֮ͷŴ۵Ĺߣ˫ͨĸ˹εӡ
ˡ˹ε̧֣¶һЩǿЦݣֺۡ
ͺգһۣѾĲ߹ϥضǰ͵պƤմѪͻҳ˹εĨѪɵĺܿ죬ôɾ
ͣ˺þã˹ε𣿡
ĸ֣βȴڶ
ܡ˹εӣÿЦش˵Ȳۡ
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۵ӰŽŲҡΣ˹ε°ʹ͵ļͷĺܽŵϺصѪζתͷ͵ĲһμһĿ˳ŶͷƣüǣȻ촽
˹εߣգ۵ٶȱ죬ŲҲЩҡ
߿ţһƬѩףŰԶľ룬˹ε·µӰûϸͱתһС·Խ·Խ٣߳ף˹ε̧ͷһۣǰѾһյƶûˡ
ıءͺȻʡ
֪뵽ͼݽļڣ˹ε˵һʼҴͼݣ֪ܳǲû
һͲʣΪʲôܳ
ҵϢˣҸоڸ˹ε˵
һκܳĳĬ˹εԼЩصĺһǰһ·˹εԭҪ˵Ȼһ£ǳ˹ε嵽ߵĻһ
Ѹֳǽס֮һѳ˹ε忿ǽ˵Ϣһ
˹εͷͣ˼ӣͻȻ뵽ʲôתվǰų˹ε°ڡʪģ˹εָճĴкҪָճһһƬС˹εԼĺңڿڴһȦҲûҵֻ͵׿ڴֻ˹εóסϲָ⣬˵Ͳ
ǺɫףлҳѾ˵Ѫ˹εץ͵ף˶٣ƿһ㡣
˹ε֪ǹɺصѪζˡ
Ǻܸɾĺɫë£ҪǴֵͲսȫֲ˱ѪȾ°ڣԼƵԴԴϳѪ˿ڡ
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ôŵİοƺţͳ¶һЦݣʱܶݡ߹ǣһüͣ˼룬̧ͷʣЪ𣿡
Ҫ˵أ˹εٺܿ죬ҪڼңһֱߵңǲǾ׼ֱѪ
û˵ӰˣԽصĴϢ⣬˹εʲô
һӣͲŻش
ġ
˹εĲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣ͵һ»ȫǽߡ˹εæַסָ͵ֱˡ
ȥҽԺɡ˹εĨ۽ǣѧУҽԺ㼱Ҳš
á˿ڣǲֻĸֻҪǸˣӦþͻҽԺˡ
С˹ε£͵ףֹֻ˿Ҳܣȥ
ӭŻ谵ߣͿ˵á
˹ε͵ֻ绰ΰ˵˵ַ֮ԭصȴڵ˵Ƕʱ˹εһֱڴ͵֣ͼůһ㡣Ҳ֪ûã˹ε£͵̧֣ͷ䲻䣿
ͺҡҡͷͣͣ˵߿ڴĶһ¡
˹ε֣͵޷˼֣ͨаɫƬֹֻѪҩá
°˿ڡᣬҪɢڷֲɾû취㴦
ܳ˹εڵ绰ڵ״ῳӿڵʱ򣬻ǱǰĳһԭΪĳ˹εѾǱˣߵǰԼ඼ͣһ롣
æӳѪͣһʱҲ֪Ҫôæ
ɱˣ
ţǺࣺϳ
˳ῲһţӺӾ󿴣ôģ
ͼݶҡ˹ε˵ɣ˵״ȻǱô򵥡
˹εѺů翪󣬿ͺѪɫЩżʣΰҵ˽ҽ𣿡
ԡֻ˸룬
·ϣڻع͵ļ磬Գ˹ε˵Ϣɣ
á˹εͣ۶û̧
û¶϶Ҳˣҿʲô
û˹ε͵֣תͷźƽԼԼչˡ


80 
ѩԽԽںܿܳһƬããİף῿ԶƣͷںѪͣһšڻȥ·Ѿҽ绰Ӹڲƺͣã˹εȥִͼϣ̧ͷһ͵ĺ˵֡
ŶŶáӦͷһ㣬첲ϼͷ
͵ֺ촽Ϊȱˮ˱һƤ˹ε͵壬һһ˵˯һҽҪ˯ŵĻǲǺܲò
š͵ͣһƬѩĽëϣۣЩģڳ˹εͣһ˵һò
ÿһŶǳǳĲƺѩ쵽ſʱվѸѱڻ̺ӶϣҽڻˣҽҲѾ·ˣҪܵתƵ޾ҲС
߬½ǱԵһ˹εһ죺Ҫ
ɨһϵѪͣͣ˵ȼһ²֪
˹εŵ˺üͷ૵áãԣȼ顣
Ǽվſڣڴ۵Ĺߴŵŷ͸˹εۣŽµӰӣԶͦεӰһȥĳּڶήֲǵʹý
˹ε
ں˹εݵʧȥ˷ֱ̧ͷЩãȻ˶ڿῺ̾˿룬Ÿ˵֣ҽȥ
῵Ļ˹εǸ㶵ı飬һͷͣڽץͲŵϣ˹εѸɿֻ֣άץסʲôƣڿ˳˵ͷתߣܿ죬˹ε΢Ĺ
߰ɡһ³˹εıӦҲˣȥϢ
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̶̵ļСʱ˹εһֱһֲʵУͼݴ⿴ǳѩʼٵˤ¥ݣ˴ֿ⣬ǰ⿪ƤͺȻ֣ѪĵѩЦ
״˺ܾãֱ˹εǱߴǿŵƺߣֲʵͻ㱵ĸоȫʧˡ˹εɳվܵſڣǲûпţֻվǶ
ų˹εıӰһ߹ȥ˵ŵȰɣµģῼҵҽ˺רҵġ
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ȵȲůһůݹӡ
Ҳ䡣˹ε˵
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һ󴮻˹εֻ˺䣬Ȼ̧ͷش˵չˡ
Ǵûм˹εʧǵӣסˣ῿ı߹ǿаѳ˹εŷֿ֮󣬲ͷų˹εҽҼҴʮ꣬Ҫʲô⣬˿ھͻֱӳ˵ˣôã˵û¡
˹εһвУ
˺þã˹εӹıӣϣ˹εһСڣתɳӷŻز輸˹ε÷ȵա
¶ӦòС˹ε棬֪˭ɵ𣿡
˹εҡҡͷһ˵֪Һ¶˲ࡣ
˹εĻʮͬظŵͷȷʵ࣬˹εһ˶֪
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ס˹εʪĿȣĳ̫࣬γ£ҵļھȻͬʱʧǮȨ
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˹ε̧ȥǶȣֻܿ͵ȡл˹εžҪ˺ȻסֱۣŲͣſڡ
ҽ˷۾ϣѵҵĶ
˹εֹѪǯ룬Ѷ˵Ǹ
Ϊ˸˸õϢֻһյصƣߵ˹εվڴ߷˼ӵĴϡԼǿͣڱڴϣϰë±ԭײѪȾϵİײһȦϵ˿ҲˣһЩ΢ĲˣɫƸǡ
ж˿ڣ˹εҲȥ
ϲ˰ƾʪ˹εվһһ̵ѪƤʱ͵Ľëزһ£ôһ£˹εվŲҶˡ
ۣͫڹ±ʮ͵ɫ˹εû˵ںܰĿռͶӣȳ֣ΡΡֱһҡ
͵촽ſһ㣬Ȼ˵ˡ
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ͺЦһȻش
ǳ˹εʼ󵨵Ŀޣһһģĺ¡Ϊ֪Ⱥ˲İŪ˹εߵڵϵʱҲţͳڲֿʱҲԼΡΪͳ֮ɫıͶȶúܸߣܣԳ˹εûͱۣҿԶѲ
û
ϵʪÿ˹εۣǰЩƣúþãͲ˵Բ𡣡
˹εûӻͽ˵ֻźŲãҪϢ߿һû߿Щᷢ
㵱ʱĶ
͵ıЩӲƿߣ˵ҡ
ͼݶǶ¥¥Ǽûʲôȥҽ䣬պܿͼݵĴ
ܿڴߣǷʱʱЦһµĳ˹ε


81 α
͵˹εΪ飬ǲҪó˹ε֪Լɱ̬͵񣬵û취ڳ˹εǰ˵ѡ
ʱİ͸еתͷպöϳ˹εߣ˵úױɽƱ磬һô֮ſڣһֱңеʱҲȥʳãʱȥһɡ
˹εۿе죬Żδʧˮ
Ƕ¥ûпů˹ε˵
ǳ䣬͵ͷ˳ų˹εĻ˵Ƕ¥еɡ
͵Ļ˹εصرһۡ
һΣ˵ǲҪټʱҾл㡣ۣ˹ε΢ȥѣ˵㲻֪ϲʲô㣬ϲʲô
ҽþƾζǺŨڻ谵¶еãȻı飬˹ε죬ʲôû˵Ϊûд𰸣һμԴڳ˹εҪһڣȻѡ͡
͵ݣ¡
ıѾõһ飬֮ڷչҲ֮ڣమα⣬ܸʲô𰸣ǳ
Լش𲻳Ҫң˹εߣͣԼ˽
͵ĺᶯһ£ϵĻźԣŴҪܿ챻˹εס磬ոֱһݽĴ̡ȫ֪Ҫôشֻܣץų˹εָСĵǸԲ𡣡
ǶԲҡ˹εվƿϴ۵£͵Ĵϣܿ͵˿ڣ˹ε˫ֳ࣬ۿȻ֪ԲԺͺú뵽ϲʲôʱʮ꣬ʮ깻˰ɣʮԺҴ𰸡
Ľʱĺܾã̧֣ų˹εϸ󣬵ͷ˵á
ţܹԡ˹εǿװ࣬һ͵촽һ¡
׼ֿʱͺȻס˹ε˹εβȣֱ˵ϡһ룬˹εŴһ㣬ü鿴˿ڣȷϷߵλûгѪ˹ε̧ͷǲײˣ۲ۣ
ûлشֻǺ濴Ȼ΢΢°ͣ˹εӵڶǡ
׼ȥĺ͸ŷ쿴һĻŲԭأŵعţͷɳϵῡ
ʲôʱϵİ룬ŶһǲǱ޷νӴˣֱӲϲŮˡ
ῴ˴ˮϵ˺һܴİۡ
ǣƽʱ˹εһҲûʲô԰ſձԱߣͣ˼룬תͷΰһüʣΰ㲻ҲϲҰɣ
ܲԶһصذѱӷڲ輸ϣĲˮ롣
ƲƲ죺ʲôס
ʮӺ󣬳˹εųῺͺԳ˹εЩ׵ǣ˵¥ϵķðʰˣס¡
ס˹ε˵סңЩ˵õϢͲ¶ˣûʲôշӣǼµģ
һҡҡͷ
ǶһСӣеԶеơóֻ㿪ͼָŴһ꣬ø˹εǸ÷ƽʱû˻ȥҲҼ¡
ͼϺǵĺɫԶΧֻһվͱ꣬ʺܵס
ɡ
ͷ˵Ұʴ롣
Ų˹εתͲ֪ʲôʱſڣϰֻһëַ̺ſ
ôԼˣ˹ε߹ȥ£̺ӣͰʵʵ
ʹۿų˹ε˵Ҹղ˵Ҫȥĵط
Ҳһȥ
˹εĻһ죬ΪǱһǴ˹εѾѵľܹºͳ˹εһ˵һһ붼˷ѡ
ðʰһЩ򵥵˹εȥ·ʱ͵ĿɽŲţֱ෽ߣͲתͷῴĿཻ
῵ȷܺ棬һʼ˹ε͵Ĺϵʱֻǳ˹εںĸԣֱ˹εӭĻʧῲŵһˡǺ䵭ֺݣôŶɻϴҲɾ֮⣬ῲ֪˹εΪʲôᶯġ
͵Ѿʧ£ڣǿЦڳ˹εװ˶λôÿζҵ
ûСվֱһ㣬ƿٴڲԶĳ˹εϣͣͣŽŻش𣬡ɰɡ
ôɣ롣
һܴĺף˹εܻϵ̺·ϡȫʰ꣬˹εߵſڣ׼ŵʱͺȻתͷΰ˵лл
Ὼסһͻָ糣Ц˵
ͷϣ˹εֹջ´ȲҪ裬绰Ǿ˵ûмңԽżЩ˾ԽţľԽ졣
֪῵ͷ
һĳ˹εļ磺ҲСĵ㡣
ῼҵŵסнСʱ̣ԽԴǣȵĿĵصʱԶѾˣѹúܵ͵Ʋ㷺ǳɫ˹εǮתͷͿҪȥ
֡˹ε᲻صһ͵ֱ
Ϳһۣջ֣ͣϰˡ
Ǿ͸һġ˹εӺóˣתͷ̯ģҪǲõʲôܵĻǣ
ų˹εĿ˺þã͵һ¶һƯЦݡ
ڶ糿ߵ㣬῰չţ׼ҳʱͣҳ½ǡ
ҵ³ȱϯа֮Ƕʽ˴ҲǶ³Ȼ״ȱϯĿ᡿


82 
ӵȷһƣһĻɫש¥һƬյܱ糧Ĵ̴ѰΧ˹εŲԶĵ߸˿ȻյԱߣСϵǸѻ𣿡
Ͷų˹εͷһСغڷ͵͵һ
˹ε̧ͷ͵۾Цʣô㶼ûء
ͺգգۣȻ̧ͷϷһۣŻش˵ˡ
ѩѾͣˣݻƲƺϸһ㵭İף˹ε¥ߣС·Ţ˹εÿһҪ͵ϻ܆£Ҳ÷˹εÿһΣ;ͻشһ䡰á
ߵſڣ˹ελ룬ŰϵƿţƬҳ˹εԾ§ų˹ε߽ȥһȦߵѴ򿪡
ͨͨ硣ЩѾذγš
˹εܹȥץ͵Сۣ˵ǶЪţ
û£վڿ룬ų˹εڿ֮ش󣬵ٻصǰʱ򣬶ͷմһƬڡ
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Ϳų˹ε΢΢ıӣЦһ¡
Ц˹εбƳһۣЦңҸɾĶȥ
ŵϣ˹εɾ·ԡߡӰʧԡſڣ֮бµˮܺ˵䷿ӺƣҪ֮ǰĹࡣڹĳ˹εʮŶȵĸ£װðŰˮͻȻ̽մŰɫĭԴ
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áڳ˹εָϣһͲŽ˵ԼС
С˹εק죬ȫѵ¶ؿڰƤҪǵʱ˿ڳ鷳һҺܿͺá
űϣɫܿʧˣſվһתɳϣָϥǣϡϡˮһûһšʮӺˮͣٴαðŰ·Ħ춯
Ŵ˹ε߳ԴϴŰɫëЩͷ˳ڶ࣬ˮ˳ŷҹڵذϡͿų˹ε߹ڵˮǰͣ£ȻǰëͷЦ
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Ļۣ˹ε˳£ܿŰɫСðʪëȥ͵ÿһ缡ֱͷ𣬳˹εһ£ָ͵߹ǣȻ̧ͷ
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ͺ󱳶һƬ˹ε˿ڿˮͷС߶ã֪ˡ
һָ˹εس˿ҪҪϴһëʱͺȻ󣬱ָŻڣɣһˡ
顣
û˵ʲôͣһһ㣬Ҫѿ𡣡
˹εһû̧ۣ͵ı棬һʮּ򵥵⡣ƹĺܣ͵üۺͷĵڣţ˹εֻúѡ
ëͣƫͷ˵Լɡ
ų˹εĲͣͣ˵˵ҪҲ
ˡ˹εɳҪվСһ飬˲Եϣͱһס
ܵ˹εŵ壬ÿһطó˹εϣʳָҵˮ飬˵˵ˣȻ顣
˰ɡ˹εСӡ
Ц˳ϣͣڳ˹εĺ󾱡˹εŪеתͷմ˵ͱ󾱴ѹȥһֻ־Ϳס˹εĲӣǰֻó˹εĲӺ֫ϸû뵽ôϸ
սһ㣬ȥǳ˹εǣűָĦĺᣬ˹εû취ֻȥ͵ļ磬Ϊ͵˿ڻۣôΪ㡣
ܺס͵⣬˹εһ£͵Ķһס˹εƿһ㣬ۣ͵۾֪Ҫ˵ʲôҲʲôû˵ѹȥס˹ε´£ų˹εЩĽס
ĺܽ˹εܸܵؿڵŽ׵һ̽ɵĿȣ˹εĺü٣ֻȥ§͵ĲӣͷؿڣС־ҵش
󱳱ʪ˹εۣ϶ؽϴˡ
ûӻֻƫͷסĶͣ˺þã˵û£ϴ


83 
˹ε֪ظе͵ı仯§͵Ĳӣ˹εͻȻԼԭҪ˵ʲôʼ־壬ڷһ˵ĸայҶҡڣů紵˳˹εͷ鷢Щ̣˹εְ̧ͷۣǼͷ֧ܲŲ˼ֵ
Ϳˣ󾱵΢΢ó˹εϰؿѹ˹εʱһǣֵ͵ļ磬ɤƣѹ˿ڣҡ

俨ߣϾɵĿյڳ˹εΪղŵǻþʱͷڵǰ鷢۾غ
˹εסˣļУΪߣͺֶûʱڽͣĳٻܣֻҪҪ;ͳ֡
§͵Ĳӣ˹εۿؿںһ
ٺһ顣
˹ε͵Щƣִӳ˹εÿָա
ϲ㡣
ĸ֣˹εԼڷĳȻֺ磬ѩХ˹εһһ͵Ĳ˳ӵ̧ͷǵʱ˹ε⣬һ¡
һشϢ
˹εִֻȥеɵɳһ»ۣ¶ڵϵĳ˹εǽڷָڿϣ˹εշ̫ĳ졣
˹ε̫ȻգգָۣͰŰɫ䡣
ϲ㡣
û˵ǽϵĹӰϣĿܳѹų˹ε壬͵忿ѩֿʼ£۵İ׺ȻڸɫֻܰܿǽϵİӰҡΡ
ѧУڣУ̨ϵ˷磬Ὼͺںţóֻ㿪ϷһͨĻϣ῿ڷԸĸУվߡ
һۣϸȥ
ôˣʡ
ҽпܲ鷳һˣ
˹ε˵СǴӺԶĵطģڸУѾʼԣüǱ˼Žʣղû壬˵ʲô
ҽ˹εͣһ£һ𡣡
վǰ˸ôˡĿͣҡҡͷŻͲѹ˵ʲôˣЩôҹȥˣӦð
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˹εߴ֮ûٳ῿ˣʮ룬绰Ǳٴδ͵˿ڱˣܵٴһ¡῾ƣҽҵļͥҽʮ꣬һ򵥵Ӧû覴á
ô᣿ǰʲô𣬻ʲô˶ˣҡῺ俨ߣһͷȥȻûü׽ҲûҪٶˡ
ϵ
˹εڵ绰Ǳ˵ã˶٣ֲһҺͺһȥǡǰʰһ°ɡ
绰ҶϣһŴչѾϨֻĻʰʲôȥĶ
Ƴһۣôô⡣
ûüУǺһķԸ壬ϵҽ͸Уſߣ;ĳĿĿǺץ죬Ǹȥ
಻࣡ѳĿ˦ͷ˵¶ȥ
῵ĳ˸߼ŶųصͼԽԽС㣬ΏûסʺǴĶٳʺĵطģ
Ҽүӷص㰡ѿյ¶ȵߣ°Ϳ⣬Ц˵ҵȥ˾֪ˣǶʺɶȥˡ
ȵ˱糧̴ѰΧǶ¥һ³ܹȥҪ룬῰Ѻקһߣͣ˰Σ̧šһۣʣʲôʱôòˣû˵һŴʶͳȥҪк̧Ľڶſ¡
㰡űһͷޱͣڨЦŵǺþò
ͿһۣȻ˵ܸռ
ϵЦݱýӲҲף˹εΪʲôϲľͷܶ࣬ɨһͰʪͷ߽ſһȦתʣ˹εҽҽأ
ϴ衣Ϳź̧̧°ʾԽ
ûʲôҾߣһŲ輸һ˫ɳϰһʮִΡǶҲûҪдǵ˼Թվԡſڣֱԡŵİִš˹εһ߲ͷһ߳ƼվǰͣüͷѸվŸﰡ˿ڲ𣿡
ų˹ε¶Ĵǣ֣Żش𣺡ۡ
ҿԸҽ绰ȥˡɳϣҾһ¶ûС
ͷԱ߸ͣû⡣
֪ڶҽ֮󱻴ƣɫ½ӽʮֳ˿ʱûסԱߵһҽż·ߣݽƤѪܿûõ˿ڴ
ֳ棬תͷ׼˹ε˵仰һ۵ı졣
⼸һҪҲҪߣ˸ᣬҽѼŻҩ䣬˿ÿõҩҲҪʱԣҿе̡
͵ͷȻ̧ۣվԱߵĳ˹ε
˹εһ죬뵽ҽĻͨ졣
µʱ῰ѳ˹εеһߣ˵ԴˣǱߵĶʽûвμӡȷ˵һ
绰𣿡˹εʡ
ҡҡͷֵĵطϣѧУ˼İףֱ֮ңһ๤
Ӧˡ
̲֪˭ɵˣ
һĵ׵ٴαĳܳ˹εôֻһ룬ϾȻͷ̫࣬ǻкֿܶܡЦĳ˹εԥãǵǲҲ֪˭
š˹εͷһۣͣͣ˵Ұְɡ


84 װ˯
ԴǷԤλעⱣů
û˵Ҫ˹εźɫñת̧̧°ͣͺع˹ǣų΢΢ͷСëñػüǣ˹εѱԵȥһ㣬͵۾صͷ
תȥһñӣ˹εԼãŤͷչʾôǲԵԴܴ󣿡
¶ȸߣȻֻһ£˹εջǱȷѬе죬Ͷų˹ε֣ͣñӱߡ˹εΪڰǺܰͷȴֱñȫסϰ߱һƬڡ
һ³˹ε촽ƿһ㣬شÿ
˹εЦһ£̧Ҫȥñӣȱ׽סˡ

ʹۣų˹ε΢΢ſ촽˵ÿ
˹εץЦҵϹӺÿǰɡ
ǡ˵
֯ϣ˹εۣñӽƤգ۱Щѡ͸θӣ˹εܿģһ룬˹εͻȻ̧֣קͷϵñ
ҲϹӸҿ˹εЦ֣Ϲôô찡
࣬ҽʱСݸͲߣῳֵʱ򣬶ҽҩߣſڲÿλãɨһɳڴ·̲ͣסпôͺˣ
˿ϵĻҲãôۡȻһȫ۵ģ䶭ҽû˵ῴ˸кתſߡ
˹εſоǵ˿ڣΌͷҲûصʣôˣ
жĥɱ¿ûôġ߹ȥֻɳϣ˹εŵĻ῵ڱ𣬡㲻ûӲƷϢҲù֪ͨ㡣
ƫͷɨһۣĻһͨ棬٣ֻ֣͵üëһ𡣲͵ı仯˹εҲչȥʣôˣ
֪͡ų˹εɾĲͺȻ
῿ǽ͵ĻЦЦͣټ룬Ϻ䣺֪Ūǲǣ
ͰţûзΪ͵УѡĻᣬûлѡĸûлѡʲôԼʹڡһǸ汾ܣδ֪֪ҪԳ˹εʲôĴ·
Ūʲô˹εѹûţֻĻ̧ͷͣҪΪŪ֣
ȷʵ῵ͷΪˣ뱲ӣֵ̫ˡ
῵ޱϣϵ㹻ţ˿СˡķΧΪĺ뱲Ӧֵõġ
ʲôأ˹εһ͵󣬼ûзӦ忿һ㣬ǲ˿۰Ҿ˵߲̫ˣǸҽ˵磬ҡ
ûСʹܵͣۡ
῿ʼԼΪʲôҪƿߣЩͷǣǵ߲ߣ߾ʺĵطһӰɡ
ʱֻһС䣬ߵʱȴһӣ῿źдЩЦʣȻܹ
ľͷӡ˹εţתͷЦġ
žһῺϺ䣬ʻλźӾЦĳ˹εһ˻ľֲ˿ڻںȻðͲͷ˹εȴֻƼһףдϥָ߬
ǰ·ϣڵ
Ȼĳ賿ﵽԴǣڶ磬ֵܾ˺;ʹٱŴһԱ룬ץ˼Ĺ˾ϰ壬һΪĳĻ¸࣬ߴλ
־ٱļ˼꣬ž˾ֱһˡǰ·ںƣῲɲ뵽ļһ֣ŴĳΣǳ˺ˡ
Ļ˹εЦЦźӾ῵۾ɣƲһˡ
ĸϵôҲڻֳ㲻ӣϾһô꣬ô뵽úȥ롣뵽ῲ˹εеᣬ̵ǰ룬Ҫο˹ε䣬תͷûüڣͱ͵Ŀֹˡ
˹εͼͷۣϸ͵ףܰȡΰ̧ų˹εĶ䣬󣬳˸̵ͣˡ
תǰϨĺɫɲƣῺȻ֪˹εϲ͵ԭˡ
ʮӣʻ῰ѳͣ·棬͸治ˮȪַŷʣȷҪȥ
û˽ӻŤͷͻάʼƣ˹εɱۣԴ͵ľѡ῾úЦְ̧ƣһüѸֵٰڳ˹εͷ
ۿ;Ҫæ˵װ˰͵ˡ
ͣ˼룬˹εһֻۣݺƳ֮󣬴˸Ƿ̧ͷῼֱûۿͲز𴩣˹εγŸ˯š
Ͳͷų˹εѹͷһغڷ֮ʮƽ˵֪
˹εЦſ³͸֮󣬳˹εƵǰó῰Ѵһ룬˹ε˵ʲڼסˡ
죿ʡ
˹εҡҡͷԺ󡣡
Ȼ˵ϻãȷԼĸ˵նʱ˹εû취Ƕ
á῵˺þãŵͷǡ
·˹εߣվԲ̨ϵֻǿ˹εһۣͰİťŽ򿪣˹εŸͣ֡
ԺҺˣһߡ
ûش𣬵һȴܽ
ٽµһ꣬Сڹ˵ƴٻɫƹ⴩辴ڰգ˹εļͿһôһ˲䣬˹εȻϣһѩ


85 
ڵ磬ҲߵӣվҪ׹Ԥ˵ѩΪ˷ҵصڶʯСǰΡޱϤ·бȪأſƬ޴Ĳƺˮʱÿώˮ˹ε̧ͷŲԶƻͨС¥
վſڣǣһ߽ͺͳ˹εϵıûʲô仯΢Ц˵ǻˡȻĺ˽ԼĶӣ֪ؼҵԭҲؼҵʱ䡣
˹εЦЦһڰ˵ô죬軹ſڵš
Ӧõġóһ·ůͻͣ䡣
µĵ̺ɫë̺ڴʯذϣɫװ޼˼ֱ䡣Ьó˹εûԹԵѵЬӲڵ̺ϡ
ľǲһ˹εתͷЦһ£ǼǸˡ
Ǽҡʼ岻ɵöͼۣϴκͼѾ˺ܾáһΣûô䣬ʹż򵥵ĺɫ£һֻű˵ĲӰ˰ǽϣɫ
ڱ͵ͣͻȻе㱡
أ˹ε˼ܿع°ͳŵ鷿ŵ˵㡣
̫̫⼸칤æÿ˯鷿Բŵȥ㡭Ҳ̫̫
Ϊʲô˹εЦһ£ᣬÿ˶ҪԼҪ
ߵ鷿ſڣ˹εţܿ죬Ů˹εŽȥȻڸ߸ļ̧ͷһ˵ˡ
˹εûţߵǰŵӦһ䣺ţˡ
û˰ɣ
ûС˹εųȻ¶ЦݣˣҲõĲˡ
Ȼͷ鷿ʱȻû뿪˹εվǶȡڳ˹εļǰʮܼĸ׵ĻᲢ࣬ڽڼռһ棬ҲʮִæĳһٷȻȻð̰ߴӳת뿪
ϵദͽΪ㣬ĸӣǵĹϵ˾ǳȻȻȥִС
֪ܻҡȻڿڣǺƣ룬αԺĳɢҿǲλû뵽ǻϡ
ûй㡣˹ε룬˵Ҳʲôܲµõġ
Ȼûӻʼվڶĳ˹εȻܲ˹ε֮еĿ롣
һӰŵͶȻɨһۣ˵ɡ
Ŵƿ߽ѵ֮ȿ˹εȷɫȻ糣תͷȻ΢΢˵֮ǰ˹εֻȻͷһۣ῵ĵ绰
˹εԥҪҪӣվԱߵͺȻڣȥӰɡ
ϳ˹εͶĿ⣬ͿĿĵģ͵Цһ£˵ûϵȥɡ
սֻ˹εߣһֻŸ̤ȥ˹εֻعͷһԲĳȻ˵ϻԽԽԶĽŲ߹ȥ鷿Źϡ
͸ߴıӰȻЦһ£Щпˡ
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ߣ˵Գ˹εãˣĲá¸ĿڣǲãǺܲ
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˹εŷ¶һ˫۾գ£ڳ˹ε֮ǰʣ绰ˣ
š˹εͷС˵˵һɶԣȥȥ
ȥ𣿡
˹εͣͣͣ˵ȥҲԡҪǿ㡣
ǾȥͰһ㣬ַſתͷŮˣ˵ټ
űϣȻһѹļϵıӣѩҳϵۺָۣƽ
˹εǣżߣſڴЬˣĻվû˵ڡ̹͵عͰѳ˹ε棬ó˹ε°
˹εЦһ£֮ǰ𣺡ˣע塣
áá˫£ŷǰ¶һЦݡ
߳ţ̨׵ʱ˹εüɵԱˣһܺȵ𣿡
šͻشȡ
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86 
ϵľʱģļͥг˴඼еţ˹εҲǼѪҪһЩֵĳȥȥ
˹εûͺͳȻ̸ݣȻȻѡߣһʱ䶼ʲôߵԣͰѳ΢΢࿪תͷ˹ε˳͸չϳţֻǣϵľҽÿ԰ɣ
˹εû˵ƫͷڻ谵͡
ûӦǳ˹εЦײһļ磬˵ء
῵ߵȷϣǰ˻֮Сȵصͷش𣺡ԡ
¿̥ٴʻ˹εٵ˵һС¥ͻȻʶԼȥĹ켣ӵһոµĶ͹ЮŸ£ζ͸֭ļ
ϣ˹ε˺ܶƣľƷһ򲻺ã֪ģϾڱĵڶ棬˹εİԽ˰ٵĹѡǵͿų˹εźЬҴܵʱͻûסü
ľҲȵĲ٣˹εԲܣű׷ͨĳ˹εЬǰͣ£ŵϥ£ֻЬ˫ŵݸ͡
͸㡣˹εӣض͸
˶ſ˹εЦ῿α˵ͿְЬùȻ¶һܵЦݣлл
ﰲȥڱĵĿĵأӣƽһº˵Ьҡ
ʲô㡣̧ۣƽ˹εҵġ
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Ρ˹εҡҡͷ
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ƽʱ˹εƵֻῺͺԺͳ˹εϵܣּҺͺؼҵĵλǶˣû˼
ţȥ̧ͷ濴һۣ˼ڴͣƺûв߽ڳ˹εϴû뿪
ͦݵġῷ¿ӣЦźԱ˵ñ
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ҲԴģһרҵЦһ£ֵıӵݹȥһԵ֣һ͵ˡ
˹εľƾӦˣǳͷһԴȥͰų˹εĺ󾱣ȷǰ֮󣬲תͷԱ˵˼ڲ֡
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ҳȥɡ
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ס
һ³˹ε촽
˹εЦС˵һ
ھߵƿͰڳ˹εǰİȫۣѸٻİȫѹȥ̵ָ˹ε¶ڿеƤ˹εķ䡣Ϊӭͣ˹εԱ߿Ϳס°ͣǿ߸ͷ¶ͺᡣ
·ƴʪİ·˹εֻĺܿ죬ʱĳڿҪϢ֮ǰ;һ
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뵽ոһĴ۰׹⣬˵̫ͣãΥ汻ˡ
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ڶһʮյһţ˵ĳڽ賿Υͨ·ȫַ00ԪһͷµƬ
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87 
죬ǮΪ
ķ֣һ糿ͻȻʹʮ˵ǸôĹɡͶĻŷֱ˹εԡմˮִļ磬ôˣ
Ҵʮ򡣡
𣿡˹εȥһۣȻͷô꣬ЩǮӦõġ
ûӻͣ˼룬תͷų˹ε˵Ұˡ˵⻰ʱû̫ͣڵذϵĳ֪ʲô
š˹ε΢΢ڽţһ͵գԺԽԽõġ
糿䣬緹ȥؿⷢ˹ε¥ͿԶͣС·ϵĺɫSUVվ棬޷ţΧɫΧ紵Χ°ڣͿܹµ
˹ε߹ȥͬʱ̧ͷĿϡ
߰ɡ
͵ͷƵһߣ˹εš
ǳ˹εһȥǹݣһֱŴϡٵЩҵɣͰѳͣһƴ⡣³֮ǰ˹εſŵӣԴǹݡ
ǹݸԵûмһֱש·߱ΧסֽɫԪӽͭ˲ͱɣڿҪǦɫʱҲˡڿҪ߽ǹݵʱ򣬳˹εһǼ̵ģ֮󣬳ɺޣ쵽˹εָⶼʼ
֪ǮʱǲҲô޹ڳ˹εҪͷʱͺȻһСסߡ
ÿţˡ
á˹εͷ
ǹڵ¶ˣдŵķζ˹ε󣬿ʮȻٸɫҵǮǸ
򿪣˹εɫĹǻҹޣаԱߵɫ롣վһְ̧ΧժŹǻҹް˼Ȧŵװѹǻҹó
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