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Ͷ̥Ϊһѵһ۴װػصһ
󣬾ѡһȫͬ·¾Ψһͬٴһҹá
һѡһԵĺӣֱԽԽ¸
ף
ݱǩˬ
ؼ֣ǣǣ
һ仰飺˭ģ
⣺ǿͲΣ̶Է


1 
ػԵ
Ͷʮ꣬꾩¡
ԳϣһУϵɫ˫Ŀգͷ亹ֱðʡ
һֱ۴齱ߣﻹ߬һ׵ľѡ
ۣһɣѹµµڵأİѾˮڵأﲻӳãȻ顣
ʱֻͷѣǰϤİһĻΪٴһξС
ˣһϸþʶӵĽŲԼײ̫ʵϸȥǰ֪ΪϤ
˵һֳȥһ췢ĳ
ҹλأֳܸǰôһǲǾܸı䣿ֳ
˵ǰ͵ĻһϮҲþʶһ£ˡ
ص˵һ
ʶĿܣŵذ׳ֱһĵиƤѪ˳۵£ȴҲҩǳѡ
һƥϣһ˦֣㳯һ̧һ˻ųӳȥ
ϵ·ʱԶƼΧһȺм䱻ѹڵ޷ȥֳΩ
Ω㻹ǻն״Ԫɣôϵģ
ʱϿ㾰ֵܵ˫壬˵ֻһԣֵܸһ㣬ѵǲѧĶܣҲԣǲץʿһ
ҶܡɳƵȺԶֽߡ
ֵ߬˼ʹѹڵϻƴͷȥǽϵ˫塣
ǳ壬Ωһ֮󣬻ۣҪӦ£ҡ
㣡һʱΪҩ·ʱˣһֱԸŴô׿ڳɱ˻
ֱһףԭֳ֪ҪԩԼҪôҪôֳ
Ļֳ֮ܵ⣬ȻԼӦ¡
ȺµһһĻٴη
һֳӦ£ֳ߱ȵ컹ѡ
һֳҲǱ£ˣ˵ˣڡ
һΣҲֳߡ
˳ƿ߽ľȥĿ¶ȡ
һĹ߼Գһɷü۾⻹ڣһòiˡ
ֱۻڵѪѪ˳ָⴹ䣬һѪڲݵϣŽһѪ
һĻƻֲңȴĪ˲ƿĿ⡣
Ωģŵôˣ˭㣿
Ωף磬ҶӲɱġ
һ仰ǰҲǸ֪ɱģϡ
ûȾΩӦһתֱߵ˿ȻڸߴĮĿһ²ؼ̫ӡ
̫ͬһƥ괽ݰף۾תţڰ׷ǻӻݡ
ҲǾһڵǱеܡ
ĻǻݵĶ磬ǵճڻҲܴͻرĴ
ǰŶԾƿأѰ̫ӣһݶ̫ӽ붫ǰʵǶˡ
̫ۣޱžδȻóǹ¡
ͷĮȻһķѪǻΪ۵ˣĿֻʣĮ񣺡̫ӵ£ֳ޹ݺ
̫ӣ벻ǣͽҲ֪ˡ
Ӳֳأ
̫ƺǼЦһǾȥ
˴£һƤ뿪
Ωɫ΢䣬ỽһܾöƺ̫һݲϸ룬öܽǸط
ŲŹȥ˵
ûͷǼ̫ӣڿǣվΪǾֵһ֡
Ҫô£ҪôǾΩ
˭ȥ
ֳٽȥĿǰ״£Ψһһ߻ֻʣ̫ӡ
̫˽̫ӣΪĮ飬ΨһӻµҲֻлݡ
ǰҲɰգ񡭡̫ӻᵱڳǵ
ֻܶġ
Ϊ˴һ֡
²ؼž̫ӵģ߬ƫͷȴǻ£ġǱ̨ʾ뿪ˡ
̫תʱĮ˵¶ȣš
̫ʱ˿ڣ̫ӵ£ǰ꽭ϣˮĵ£ʱ˵᳥֮񡭡۵ϥأۣ¶ֳŵ
㣡ھʱԤãžʱû˭֪Ȼǰˣ
̫üͷ壺˵ʲô
ҲֵĻʲôˮʲô֮
꽭ʱ΢˽ȴ嶾ɵ۾ʱӵȴˮʱӸպþˮȣĿ㻹ӵ嶾ɵѲŽ̫Ӿ𣬵ʱ嶾ǰ˳ӵ˵վ֮ӵЩҲ˶Ըղ£ǵ¶ֳŵʱˡ
ҲûѾ˵µ£ºжȷǼǲ
̫ӵʱĿû壬ϵʱѴڰΰ״̬ѹûֻ֣ǵһģ֡
ʱһݴһԵֻ֪¾岻ҲװǾϸڡ
и֣;Ķէ񣬼ֻлݺ̫֪εĶ飬̫Ӳûɡ
񡭡һȴһˡ
Ȼ֪ĸ࣬ʱ̫ϮҲ
Щ̫ӵʱ鼱֮º;˵ģºϮһҲδ⹫
ɫҰףһ㡣
˵̫Ӻ;꾰ż£Ϊ飬˸ơ
̫ӵĿھ˵һʱȻݣģʡ
̫һʱδڡ
ܾó棬·ֻԼ̫ϵ졣
ãò׼̫ӵ˼ʱ̫Ӵ꾩ѧӵܰף㵱Σ
³һֳǱݺӶ˲Ը¡
̫ӣð죬Ǿͻȥ̲
̲Ҳȥ˭֪Ļ֮˵ֻ᲻᳤̲Ҳ͸ˡ
̫ƺЦҪùµô˵˽ףûʬ壿ûֳմѪذף´ӦҲӦ
ֻ뻻طأصĵطϣԼѡ
ڳ˵һԼѡǲǸɴѡԼң
ʹû̧ͷҲ̫ܲӵĿͷŶѡδ
ѵĴԶ̧ͷָһ
˳žָķȥһ·૚һ·˭ʱ


2 
С
񰪰䣬һ૚Уһ»Ŀҡҡλڸͷ
յﻹ߬ŵľϵŵļ¾૚졣
ӰۣȻݲ԰ףֲ̬ĲҰףӳĸչ˾ˮ޵ıµУȴҲڳ˵ľ
ƳһȻָӵľǲҪܴ̼
Ȳ˵СүܣϷŪȡֵ֣ܶ˵ܻܲ˵Сүһ߰˸ʱҪôУҪô·ϣϲ˴ţܻӦ
˵̫ӣ϶λ¡
̫˳žָƼˣüͷѱ棺С塣
Ҳϥء
˲Ŀסȥ·ͣ£૚ʧӲͷƿƤҰ׵ƤڴĿչ½͸
Ӹ¸ˣĿ̫ӵϣ𳨿ľҹһھˮ
ˮڣ԰׿ʪʺѪγɹŹ˵У𺣺ֶ̫
ĿɨˣһѪ͸Ļϣֱ壺Īǡ˰ӣȤ
˴˸ҪλȻͬ
̫λС忪ҪǰС壬ǻүĶӣҵʱһ˫壬һԡĴӵʱɱ֤֤У˵Ӧͽ¡
ĸ뱾θɣ
̫һۣӲԸֵ̲ܶ˴С帮С
󿴷Ƴ̫һۣЦһ
ûڣԼߡ
˴ۣһλүҲ̫ӡ
̫ѵûŭǰȹһ³ŵһ飬֪СɷӦʣ
ȹ㣿ѵ̧̧ۣѰһȦĿڻѪվһ꣬´һۣ㣿
־һǳӡ
Ӹ£˸̧ͷ޷ĦԷ˼
޷϶´Ŀ⣬ָ߬ڶģӮڴһ١
̫һֱδȵ󿪿ڣɿȻС岻Ը¡
˭˵Ը̫ӵĻ
̫һ̧ۣͷɢģӦˡ
˵һΪλ·Ƶڡ
̫ӣ
ȴҲ˽λһ
̫תͷ򾰳ɫСӦʣΪڣ»ɴ²ѯ˰պȻֵܶйأ»Դ¡
ۣ
̫Ӧ´£Ͼ֮˸ҷԡ
̫˴ϻʬ뿪Ҳ̼֮˴ֻʣˡ
Ω۹סֻŵµľ
ʱ£¶أϽԱʪůϮŲú֪
ֹΩȥѥӣ磬û¡
ɡΩҲǱ˿Ӷµģҹ˯һȴڴ˴˫ذףſڻʬϡ
˺һȴΧס
ֱ˫壬һˣǵҹ뿪ΪǶɱϾִͣ꾩ĲԸ
ȥϵһת۵ĹԷٴλ˯ͨԵĿȺɢճǰһ૚
̫µǰλ롣
Ǹ;ֵܻ˸ǳ»ܣǾ޹ء
˺ܿ챻Ω뿪ڣھҡͷʾ£ڡ
Ŀ˼˿̴ԱӦǳ͵Яǰԡ
ǰز͵Ѱڶ˷纮ڹУί̫Ӵǰȥԡ
֪ҲѰͷδǰֻ˸Сһͬǰ
ΨһžλС
ĶӣҲӣǰʺʮ߼̳λΪҲǴĻ塣
Ըϲŭ޳ʾڶϷгۣɵʧ١
佫ͬн޳
ƫ͵۶׻Ķ缫Ϊ磬һһ⣬Ա͵ѹ¡
λĻ޼ɵλС̥Ĳ֢岻ãϲƣһղһա
һʱУһֱŵһ˸εڵء
ǿ֮ĩ;ֱϵ˿ѰҩϴƣͿƲŵѡ
εֱֳ˸ǿŵǹɾһи˲ʧȥʶ
ΰѼһʱֳȻʣ̫٣ȥʮѱĸϣֳȴ·
ʱ̫ӵһ֦˵ֳ
ץסݣʮ꣬һɱ䵽̫ӵұۣ̫ӵǻľѪ
ڼΪ̫ƵƵʾñ¶⣬̫Ϊ֯޷԰Ρ
νֳ࣬һ̲֪̫ӱļٻ
Щ̫гֳ֣̫֮С
̫ӽһǻѪ뱨ľģΪ̫еĹ֣̫ӽɽ֣ȴľѪ룬ųն
̼ǵǰһ̫ѺηӸ±˰ʩ䱾Ӧٴ䵽׶һƬģ˴Ǿһ
һһǵۺ֮գһٶڵѪ棬Ǳȴ乧صۺϲ
ӭȢǻݡ
Ǹ̫Ӵη뿪רһҫһ࣬ʼ̫Ȣֻݡ
Ծãһʼֻ£һöӣ˭ּ֪ߣΪҪõһö
һ֪Լһ飬ȴվڻݵĽǶȣ˶䣬̫ء
ʤΪµʤ߿Իī۸Ĺʷ飬ˣҲˡࡹ
λСү飬ųǧꡣ
þԹͶ̥תżȥִҲ֪ԻݵӽЩ
ͷʼ¼ҹ˻ʮ꣬ΪպһѵΪԼҲزȥֱһκܳȻأʱǻصһ
֣̣·һΡ
һֱ˯ڶղʧѪ࣬ϰҹȲˣ㶪˰
Ѻ󲻾ã˵Ȼްһҩ̴̧ŲԺ⣺ӣүټ
Ůķ»ۣԺĴ멣ͷãȴηڲУһ·̧Ժ
Ժ£멣·̤ȥ
ƹŽԺһʹ̧ۣһʹӱ廨ľϣһޱ˦ʹϣѪģ
ʹУǰϱĻϷСպš



3 

֪ԣһĻδɶ
֮ԸҶģҲŵһλ˽Զࡣ
һֳ߾ܴ̽Ե·ʱѱĻܴ֮̽Ľ֪ġ
оͰΣѪԵС;ûͣ벽ν
ǻүжӻʢүĵմӡ
̫ҲջǳԻңүǵ׵İá
̫Щ굮ãһǵʥϳ͵ۣһһζʵ۳ѵۡ
ʮǰϻʵ۲أǰλԽҲǳѵۡ
ѵ۵ǻһ꣬ȴ󲡼ݱִλ֣Ҳĳ͵ۡ
͵۶ʮǰǻĹΪ͡
ϻʵ۵İܣҲǺλʵ۵Ļ塣
󲻽̫ӵС壬Ҳǻı塣
ǰ֪飬֪־ڶ᲻ֳͬˡ
ʱֻɰա
˵Ӳܻ£̫ӵľˣǾͲһ
ϼܳ͵۳磬ʵĲͣ͵ҪֺγҪ͵۵ġ
ֻΪ˵ǲʣʵڳ͵֮֡
͵ۣݼڣ̫͵õĻҲΪϲ
ԾӮˡ
վһԣֱ˱ĳٲűɰȥѪģǰھǰѪۡ
ͼѪȣ￪ƶǻ߷ûǧҲˣŵҪʧˡ
ԺδɨѪžˮʴζӳɹϢ
ǰ񣺡Ӽү
ۣƿƤδشӵĿӾηĿ⵽԰δŵݡ
ǵݵǰƽ򾰳ı֣Ȼ෴
ֻ̧̧֣½ź̴ӣ¡
żɽվӶڱֵͬܶˣƺţǺ棬ȷ
Ͳµỳɣ鼱֮µ취Ȼٳ£ʹٻɣҲ벻ġ
ӲȷʱΣҲڶġүƣ˵ȱΪȳֵܶһһɵɡ
̴Ӷ̧ۿ򾰳ַɿ촹£үƣ½ӡ
Цıģȹ̫һѰ̫ӱӻ
ҹйؾֶ棬̫ɾҲ̫ͳһܽҲ֣竡
ܴԳΣ˲򵥡
Ҫô꾩鱨⣬Ҫôλϡ
ۣ˵ǾҲ޷Ǳ֣㲻ô
ζӾǫ˳ģŷСȴˮ©ҲǡɴһشСջؾ̫ӵûţһֱڲ˰زӦд𰸡
Σǰ̫ǾޣҲǾ֮Ҫ¡
Ϲү̸һ׮
ҧãŶͷһ˸뱾˺˵
ʱ䲻ֱ࣬׿ڣͼû޻ֵܶˣŲЩˣԳȥ飬ֳԻү跽㡣Ըⱨү
µЦúﱨкܱ
һܳĺӣ˵ǾҲն
Ӳ޴£ʶһɽֵĴó֢ǡ˵Դ˻Բ֮ˡ
󼸸һԭĵ䣬ҪǧУӺδ֪ǰͽȻͬɱ⡣
һսǿѹ£ͷһֱѹ
䣬¹ֳа취үҲѰҽ䷨Ѱλаù
еĹߵϹܼңҲһֽߣǰºϹܼҾչǰ֪ιͻȻزѡ
֪֮ǵһʱΪ˾λϹܼҲϧ̫ӺߣҲ̫ץסߡ
һ֣أϹܼҲδȻأ֪٣һֱ̫ͷ󻼡
ҲλϹܼҵӳ̶ȡ
ϹܼӦˤͷ֮ѪѹһֱԲѣڰֲ״̬
аֻ߳ɰܽġ
ִϵͳԼԷȾҩףʮɡ
ϾԲѣںȾ˥Լ֢
ϧǹŴ
û˵ͷ𣬾Ȼоů͡
ڿڣ㣿
ɿĶˣԸ״Ըл⣬ֻ취ñҩ취ֲĿǰֻܱؾᡣ
Ժ߳ʱѾǰʱż²ʵĵϣʵС
þϹܼΪնõŵ
һʣɳڶ˱ֳΩǷ̴ָӣİΣ
֮ѡҲ֪ͭǽڣϾ͵۵˶޷ȡȻΣգȴҲȫ
֮Դ̴ӣǾһ㣬и֮Ļ֮쵽³ֳһĲ鵽ʲôҲ׾ɱ
סСҲ֮ء
ʱĲ˲ʱ߶һ죬Ϥþֱ壬ɫ両ϲţϵͳˣ
ʱ;Уǧ򻽲δõӦΪϵͳδǰźִµĻ֡
һͬǰܶһٹŴûеҩһг롣
ϵͳںУԺ󡭡
ϣϣĿǰΪֹʣΪ30һ̳Ǵڳϵͳ996߳Ϊ񡣡
۵׵Żֻʣ30ʧôֻʣ30ǰһͳƻʣʮ򡣡
תͶ̥õϵͳΪҽϵͳҽѧԺÿλһ˿Եõʮ֣Щֻͷһδﵽʮ
Լǰһһȥ˭֪ûü˵һ
תʮֿɶһһᡣϵͳ996֪ǿһصһԸתתһܾһηڻᡣҪڣ
ԭԼµĻֶһġ
Ҫڣ
ܾ̾ò׻صһֳδ֮ʣôܷڣ֮á
30ʮֺʣġ
Գһָ̳ƣд󶨣30ܻȡһҩԼֹȾҩ
ľϹܼҺָȾϵͳ֣Ĵ󰲡
ֻѰ׻ֵܶףһΣҲ
뿪Ժ󣬲ڰĽΪ׵ӵϥأϣʧְ鵽Ϣ޴ʧ
ϣ԰޳ָᲦһ췣ȥ顣
ӵӦͬʱɿһ
鷿⡣
һֻŵ¹鷿յأ̽ΰۣͥ¥С
ѱ¶ˮʪͷ£ǿ纮
鷿Žһҹ򿪣̫Ļ߳Ŀбӣǰʱס̫°ڣ¡η䷢߬۵ָս´ᣬ޷ܡ
̫һۣ񼥷
ʶɿ֣ȴٴ߬ٸһᡣ
ĻŶһۣһݱ
̫ӽһת̴̫ʦ£ֻˡ̫ĮӸŹǰĻݣüۣһĹ˳ӡ
»ݼţó룺֪ƭ˵Ҳԡ׶ԵģżȻ֪ᣬֻ׽£Ϊ·ǡ⼸꣬Ϊ´⣬²ɮ濴棬պԸЧҵ£ΪūΪ͡ң᲻õ¡
ʵ̧۽Ƿ죬üۿֳġ
죬̫в٣һ̫ӱӻա
׼ЩƾִӪֶΣ̫²ҵ˺ü
ֻҪãΪãöӣ̫ʱ¡
ֻ̫ӸĮ˼Ѳ⡣
ҧңڣܽµĲҵһ¥ٸ̫Ӿϲ
̫Żüۣڿڣһ¡
ݺ󼹱ϣĿӲͷƤӦ£á


4 
ͷ
Ժȥһ˹ѺֳƫԺ
أԺһ򿪣һӰ̳˲ǰû°ɣôֱ˿ں𣿻вĵط𣿡
һŹĵѯʰĻ¶ֻű۵ľΩӷᣬͷӿɬ˼
ͷΩҡͷ磬û£ǽȥ˵
Ω븮һֱӲžֱ˵ްű
ûۼܰȻ޷ģ⸮ۡͬͭǽڣ¸Σգ̵ֻڡ
뾰Ω˷䣬ƼΩıҪ´멣Ωܾѣ粻Ҫ
멻ǾΩʱӸдģ·Ǳʰǵһ
ʱһδֻܽԼ
ĶܣΩҹһֱſڣжͻѯһ
ŵڷ̫һδ
ƼȻľΩŷġ
뵽Լʣҧûѣֻʣգ֮һûӻֵܶͬ⣬׸
ܣСүΪ㣿Ω࣬µôģǶܡ仯̫࣬Ȳѡ
ʱöԲߣĿȥֳ峺εĿ⣺磬Щ꣬ʵڲ׾ĸϳңʵͼϣﶼȰ棬ͷֻǲʵԣ´Ӵƣƻ¶üĸ
Ω𾪲ѣǼٵģ
Ҳֻ˵ͨ·ͻȻԸ䣬仰Ϊֵܶıһ
ɻ󣬵βδԣ𰸶ϣȴܽһС
Ω˫Ŀ΢죬ȴֲ̣Щ踺أȴ
΢죺⻰Ҳֳֻš
֮´ⷬ˵ǵҲܽΪǰȻ෴Եɡ
Ω侲Ƕ񡭡
˵·ͻȻò棬Ҫ޻ֳΪɱ׵򡣡
ΪƫƫңΩ⡣
Ҳ⣺ΪѾ˽ֳ֪ܿұץһϡ
һʱԷȷóˡ
ֳе˫壬Ϊɱ˻ϵʱƻԲѲδ֣֤ʵһ㡣
ֳΪһУȴ»
һв˵뾰Ωֳʥ֮ģԸƼ򵥣Ὣ񣬵ֻиıԱ
ƣѲԻסֵܶˡ
ΩĬãղѣ³ç㺦ֵܶˡƽʱӣΪͽƾ˫϶ɱβѣܣҡ
֪룺磬㣬Ҳ㿴ҡǡǿģ㡣ֻʣʱҳ֣ҵʱҩ·ǰһŲ֪ϸ˵ǰһǰ֣ɷ֮ԼĶ˭
һʱȷѧԴֻ֣Եһ־壬Ʊҩһֱ˯ֳ
ҪȥʱǻˣүԼʺ̫֪˸Ҷԡ
̽նȥ˺ˣο·ֳ£ͷ
ں̫óνࡹˡ
ֳδ£ֳǵ֮һΪ˽⡣
Ω侲ܿѾѯ޾ϸ˵˳
δԱӦ͵Яǰ͵ڹ㻤̫ǰ
ٹٲԸ뵽ʺ֮ʲȥֻ˸СԼʵĻˡ
Ωǻңֺ̫ӣһ˸ɳһλ⣬ӡĻĸδǰҲδǰֻͬλǰԼӲԸҲû
üԵڶ࣬ʹûƺƴȴҲ١
йټӵܾλΪվλµ٣ȴҲкüλ
Ĺϵ򵥣Ҫֻмλ̫ӡ
̫ӿųڴͶƽʱֻڹӴ٣Ҳû˵нԹɱ˵ĵز
󽫾ɪ˵ɱ˻һû;Ѷϣڴ¸޹ϵûɱֳ
ǰ̽ɣģΣǺųһУѡгΪȥ飬Ҳδ˵йԼǣ
˵ᣬʱһߡ
ٳҵˣǾֻʣټӵܣһһгӴ࣬о飬·ʱһֱ̫һų
ʣ˵ͷİܷõԼҩгԼҲìܼ޻ʵһų
ֻ°λ
ȴλ飬ǣټɽ
ʱȣȴܸԼҩɵˣƽʱֵܣҲһ׸ҩ֮ˡ
һ·󾰳ѯʣ˱ŲܱͳֱһʱҲûټˡ
һǻɵӼïһǹӼƵմӹ쿡
뿪ƫԺ֮ǰǿþΩһʱƽ
ΩĹ٣Ҳ֪ԼﲻæֻĿ;뿪ٴαƫԺ
̴뿪ͬʱ½ֵܶƫԺ̸ϡ
ҾһƬյ
¯ѩֻŰɫµɢϣⷭīɫĳɢ䣬԰׵Ŀճĵ˪
̽ӹܼ˵һԣδҶԡ
һֱĿԵƿƤڹž̶ͫʸһĨ˼ȥ̽
ӦŵΪϣֻһۣһȥסǾҳɱ˻ˡ
׾ɲţ⼸ϵܱݼտˡ
ܣ֪֪߲£
͵ֱȥƽʱ빮쿼ïӵܳ۵Ϸ԰ͻ¥
ʱǰգϰߣӦϷ԰
£Ϸ԰һ£ʱȥ
ïϲȻƣûȥҲո֣С˳ȸСơ
һʱǸͷβ竣СȦˣΪף⼸ղ꾩ų⡣
ȥϷ԰µ᷿Ϸ԰⣬ñ̴ӳ
ϷҪȥһӣ̷УϳǴմ꾩ľ١
һ·߹ע⣬ȻӼϾڲǰ²˭
һ·¥˾ͷᣬƫͷ̴ӣͷſţҪκ뿪κζҲý
̴ӶһۣӦ¡
˼λٷԸȻӡ
һŰ߿ŵڱķ㱲״̬Ķһͷһƣųһ亹㡢㡭
һأֱˣǰߣˡ
ϲñǾʶ꣬һϳôˣԲ˵ͬн޳
ߵϷ̨ӵĴǰѴһأͷϷǻʱ١
ǰһñiݲɬ㣬һҹɱ죬üۼĮȻǻһˣģǼٰ硣
Ȼǿн͵ȵ̫ڶѹʱŵ֪˴¡벻ֻˣ̾Уܴ̽һδ룬ˡ
Ŀڶ˲ҵɨһȦڼïϣˡ
ïһţҡΣ
·ǰһҵƣҾҩһеģֻǶˡƫôҩպ˯ȥǴѾΪ֣ΪҰΣԼסǶԩ޳Ϊκֵܶˣ
֤ݣթһ
Ҫȥⵢʱ䣬Զ˽⣬벻ǴСϸƶһ
ïַŭֵһ㻳Һ㣿ôܣȻҲѧҲ֪˵ҳԺζģԩҸֵҩУ
ï̫һй̫ͨ죬˵ſʼ
쿱ïͻȻһعҲ˳ƽͣºͣȻǹϵĲѧǴδйģҪ˵޻;ıⶨǲᡣ
Ӷ˿Ŀϣ˿һֱӹ˫Ŀ˵ⷬʱϿң渵ƽʱʱİݡ


5 

ⷬԼ޶񣬾ƶвδ˵١
ע⵽˵ʱĴִָָĴָϴİָת
ǹԼ֪Сϰߣ˼νʱ
۲ϰߣδ
⵹˾û滰һ˵İ취
û˵ٻǲĿпư֤ȴҲؾᡣ
ἰδй֮ģҲû޻ֵܶˣ˻Ϊ档ؾûᾰһ£˸ҩ
ⷬصûм޻ǣȴû֤û¹ҩ
ĳĬö侲ïһĨ㡭ǣ
Ŀת쿣ǲ
¶ȣ㻳Һ;֣Ϊôʲôô
ûֵ֮ܶģҩµģ𣿡
̷ϣǡ˵ȴתߣ峺˫Ŀӡ
ӦԼ֪ˣʱ᲻ԾתĴָָɣոתˡûֵ֮ܶģҩ֮ȴδἰ
ïתͷ쿣һͬ󣬾Ͳݣ㺦Լֵܣ㻹ҪҪӾҪȥ
һԾհΪúüִֵֽ󷽣ǶԸĻ棬Ҫֵܣ
ûïһȭȥʱûŤͷȥ
᷿һţۼïôȭߣûٿڣĪþǶ˽⡣
ïһ⼸ȷ߰˳ɣ飬Ȼ㣡
ʱһУôˣʲôˣΪңӣǿɰãҽȥ
ʱ˷Ӧ˿ң
ȴǿڣ
ϸתǻǸո̨ϳģֶԹģӦǹϵǸ£Ǹʮꡣ
ű򿪣һϷµ쿱ǰȴηïȭͷֻ˹򵽾ǰͷ󣺡٣ٴҪµġ
ٴιϣĿ󣬾ԭΪ̫Լ֣˿꼫ȴֻǽž
ۣܾﲻ̫ԣȥꡣ
˿һ£ϸü۱ġľϸֻЩ죬ԶƲԣ˿̽߾Ī졣
񣬾ƫͷ쿡
߻½󻹱ï߬УĿղھϣ˰󣺡
վɫ࣬Ƿ»ҪǴ˿װһüֻþ÷£ҧȥ
»飬Ͼϵĺ⣬ԼէȻշ䴫ţʶλϿܻ
ٹܹ쿣ܳȥ
ŷţ̴Ӳδ򿪣ֱڣٴһһأ߹ȥһȭڹϡ
ïȻȴûôֵ
һȭֱӰѹȥǴѪȴЦҲҵĶԲԣҶ֪ЩСϰߣ㿴ﻹסˣǡ
һȭȥ
ïɵˣϽסˣģԭҩӦû֮ģԲδ֣ȭȴȭȭҪ
Ź쿣ҧź
֪ԼˣЦһģûκ¡ֻǡƻ˯࿴ָۣˡıˣºֵܶɡ
ҽϾˣΪԷͬҩľˮ˯һһҹѵĻֻǡֻǡǲֵҲˣ
ԸҲԸ˵ɻǱˡ
ïԭأʶ쿻⣬㡭
ȷû˵ѣĮï˯պʱ
ï硢ʱ󡭡
·ǴӶߵòõϢ
Ը´ñ뿪
ֱ᷿ŹϣïȻڵϵĹ쿣ȭͷüζûȥ͵һ˦䣬Ҵҳ׷ȥ
ï׷Ϸ԰뿪׷˼û׷ϣͷƵƵȥһţ»Ϸ԰
ϣԸȥʢķ
Ӧû˵ٻҲңֻǵһδֵܵ˾ǰ˼һҲҩӵδֳһ档
侲ȥ֣һɵİˣųĶˣˡ
˷Ϊһǻ࣬ƽʱԻհ
ǻүմӣ̫֣ʺĸݹءһѧӵǰԸлɲǻص
ҲλֳԱȣϲ̨棬ԺζȫԺͨȺ
ɵĽǺγǿҶԱȡ
ǶڣҪȥ̽
ȥʢķһ࣬ʱһҲ֪һЩߡ
һƽʱϲʢķǺԺԺѧʿϵӣ嶾ȫϲƾţȥʢķÿն̲סСһѡ
ûװķ̫ۣ϶ܣӣ治һܶµɴøŵ̴ȥ˴
̴꾰ķԸĬƬӦȥķѰˡ
һ󣬾ÿĻһǣһ񲻼ڴ˿ȴֿܵ˸̴󣺡үλҪ׬Ǯ
գѹûΣգͷ뷭̣һǮ׬˹
ƽһŤͷҪһѷذ׺䣺㶯һԣ
ͷ亹ֱð½ӲУͷƤ顣
ѵһѹѪʹ񣬹Թڡ
սȣ̳ǰʻ롣
͵Ƴž̫ӹȻ̸ҪСүţһƣǲҵ
ԭǾ٣кηԸ˵һɣ̣ŵСġСǺԺԺѧʿ֮ӣȴǸŮ
үӲЩ䷢ŮУϷ̧ΪȴĸƫԺүӳϡ
үӵһ궼ܼϣȥݣ븮ūҲ𣬺ǰϻ٣ǿЩ档
óһƱŷࣺѡһ𣬴⣬Ʊߣ㲻Ҿֵܱ޻һҲ˵أ
亹Ż䣬ղ⾰ʱ㺧ˣֲø̫ӽа塣
ܿѡ·ĻҪʵģС֪޲޲
żɽǰһںδ
Ӵԣһ˳˲ٿˮѵúȵǰþƣ̰˼˯ڻԣСݵͣҲ˹ܣô˯һҹԱѲߵмǰѯʣҲΪС֤
֮أ
ҡͷСʱ֪ţ͵龰һۣⶼǴģ˵ٳ£뾰ֵйء
üɿųûҪƹڣǾгǣŲϧðȡ˻
ϾԻݣһ£С¡
ڻ꣬
һͷ֨ûû
𣿡δʵذףһתӳϣ֡
һСġ
Ҳ׷ЩԣҲйû֪˵ġ
Ц⡭
һתòҪģһ
˵ˣһ棬𣬹Щܲٷʬ
մϻ֪꣬Ҳģû˵һ׮ٺɫСũŮͨƵĶԷˣʹҲˡҲһ׮ԶģСҲ֪ˡ
ûУܽԳȡ˫޻ǾֵܣӦңѰ˼Ҳװ쵽
û˵Ǿƺԣ٣˵á
Ǿ˵˵ԹЩ
־£޾ϸԼ֪Ķ˵һ羰ĳҹӲ˳۸Է׹ĳСӺÿ͵ռˣͨѧԺѧӸֳʹżֵͨܿеĻྰˮ
üЩ͵һʱҲ˵ˣЩǰ£ǻٳײ㣬ûܳǰյÿճ˭֪ͳ¡
ĻþҲȷǰʱ伫ٿҲΪѧ븸׾ײһһʱûԲδʶҲˡ
üҲͷһζײ͹£
СݲҲֻЩģ治֪
أ£
ҡͷµһ׮绨ѩµ£𣿡
Ը˿˵
¼ǵͰǰٸշų뼸ҹȥһƷի˼ˮҹЦٻгѵٵʱͽһη绨ѩµ£˵˵أŵľСůСݽޡøޣСľͼˡ
üֻЩ
룬ҡͷ仹˻ɻٴţϾ¥Ļǵôа͵СӱȻ޾پóһöֵǵ壬˵СҵʱýɫȷףͷԼ֣͵һۣ죬ͬԼǵú
Ҳʲģֻܷ뿪
ƳƱ
ζһۣ³ǰ
δվȣѿʻ룬ȲչƱڵ
ƱֵȻСһ
ͬ¥С̽ϢҲһɣ


6 
ʶ
ǰһƷիʱ°ѵϢʵǰ
ֻ̧̲ۣ˷ڰϵܱһһ
ܱһݣһǾ⼸ʱ٣޾ϸǰϷ԰ҳҩ֮ˣѰһǰһղ鵽ҩ֮ˣӼ๮Ƶմӹ쿡
һǰһϣȴȾݳһʱ
ǰϢµϥۣůڵյȴһ亹ֻȽͷ˵һԣʧְү𷣡
Ȼǲ齣˫ĿͷβǱţ·ڼ¡
һʱů󾲵ó棬ŵ᲻š
Ҳ²͸⾰ҶôԵõð鵽鲻˵޹˿ȴìܣΪλǹҹӵĵ
˶ȴֻһӿ䣺ţȥǰʲô£ԼǸյֵȥ췣
ɿǡȻһٱӻҪ˰ô
һߣһƷիʱûֱ
ÿһǣݸ̴ӵһӣһʵػ㲻İߡ
ñȥһƷի̫׵뱩¶Լò˿̽ݡ
Щ꾩ͷСżӵ꾩ǳ˼Ҳ֪ݡ
ɱ֮һһƷիͷע⣬Уܲһ£ҶݣʱͲ࣬¡
һƷիͣ˵Сϳ˿òһ룬ͨʮ߰Ȼ෴ûϳ
ƹСֻṫ죬͵ƳϾž̶Ŀ⣬תҶ࿴λߵѹȣǶλõ
̴˶¥δҪᣬڶ¥һǾʳ͡
Сǰѹжʮ꣬ӲС롣
һɫƲˣС۾Ź⣬Ծ顣
СҪ뿪óһӣѹСֵܴ̽£ɷ㣿
СһסĿ⣬͵ӣλүҪ̽ʲô
̾ϢһŻڣ죬ǴӾģѰҳߵİáǰ˵棬ʼǰžͶˡǰòɫֻһѾŮװϾ⣬ŴҴ˾С;Ҳǰյţ˵ѰĽ֮ˣΪңȴδ˵ϡ˵̼֮ңȴҲʲķᣬճĹôܸ˵檣Ѱȥʹż˸ҲҪǷΪ˼ңҲಹһݼױҲڷЩ̡
Сǰͷüһ۵׵ľЩһͬ顣
ջҶֵ÷зΪһƷիͣСʶ
ǻ˺ɫȥΪ㣬ʱ̸ۣķơ
ݱԸ˽ȴĲмԸøŮ䳶Ϲϵ
һλҫһ²ԶʱóȷʵֵǣºƹĻ˽˵һļСӱ˺ƭȥһƾָ̼ԣ֮ң֪ˮһ̤˽ȥ
СʱҲڳƹ壬ͷȷȻи졹֣˿ƾˣд
죬ϾǻٸҲ־ǱƭСӿ
һԺͨңҪǨŭ
СͻᣬǾɫH֮أĪҪһӡ
ֳѰһ˵ңѰش뾩УѰźû¡
Сѹúܵͣ¶λүĪҪ˵СĶ˵ġǰãӦǱүĶӸƭңֻϱҪһ򡣡
һ䣺˻棿Ϳ
Сͬ飺ҲСᣬǻ١ײҶ˵ʲôҴ¥ȥȥ׼ʳ
С뿪󣬰̾ûѹţͿôôͿģŮװҲһ۱˿Ǳȥⶼˣ⡭ģɵĻδѹͣΪǰܻںޣ¥ʳƵƵ
⻰Ȼû͸¶̫࣬ȴҲм㣬ò׵СӣŮװ¡
˵ҫСӸһöС졹ֵ壬ݽȴĸů⻰ôǻڿ
ԾԻΪ˵˽⣬СӺܿǱƭģҪôǱػġ
ǾģôҲûΣǾѰ
ôһСѰ˾̽ס
ǺߣӦǰδǶѰң˼ˣͻȻͱ㣬Էʲô£ҲСйء
Ѱˣǧǣ»鷳ŮװҲ˼ǵСҲ˵
ϲ˵ĹüΣҲֻ̽ϣ
ڲһģ˴ӽǰԭȻ˳ɣƼһòˣ⹫£λ칫ӣ
̧ۣλǣȶһĵһ𣬡Ե֣Ҿһ
Цģƽʱ׾ݲûǮһƷիͬ
Ҳֻˣ飬ȻոսһֹУһ˼ǷԼǵλһƳŮװСӡ
һ¶ǣǷſ٣ӸոС̽һЩ£ڴ̽һλǰѰ˵СӣʮͣһͬŮװѾߣѾ߽С磿
ɫһϲԣǻ磬Ӽã
ƳǾƺ̸һһ˵Сȷʵüһ棬ںԺ⣬ŶˣСǺԺѧӡ
άһ⣬Ժ꾩ԺܽȥĽӵܣϣС
ά꽫֪ʱö˵ʲôö˶˵ôܵǱȥˣ
δɣʱҸպóԺѾǰҴ˵ԼѰ˵ģ˼ǰδ˵Ժˣ͸Ҳ뿪ˡ
ѯʣҪˣҵ˭Ҳ˼Ҳ˵
ϸ룺ǸʱƽģԺʱղ̣û˵лʱƽʱĶû˵Ҳˡ
ּ£ͬҲ̻С˼ˣһƴǹ󣬾̴ţ뿪
һﲢûһʱƽģӦò֪ˡ
̴ӱϾб𣬵ɴֻˣⶼ˵õһſá
ûθڣûԲ£ǿЩȲҪ뿪ʱѾߵ¥ݿڣֻŅ̀¥պöҪ¥λṫӡ
ģãһ¥°׽۵Ĺӣü䣬ݿţȴȻһ־ǧ֮С
ӲĿ̧ۣĳ˫ĿȷǾϤһݡ


7 
ʦ
û뵽ô׼ţϾǹ⣬׼ųסڹеĹʦ
뵽˵һʶҲڹ⣬ԷɲѣԴƣ΢˽⹬£Եɺ£ΰ˾
ദֿѣʱһΪֱϣ̫ӽúĶΪֶΡ
׼ǴιʦԸ˫մѪ޳ͷԣֱ˽нԶ
̫ӵǻΪۣȴҲ롣
ʱ׼Ϊ鱻µ۽ǣعʦ
ֱ󾰳֪й£ȴҲֻûģھ֪£׼ŵĽԼ˺֡
׼ھǰһȴģֵܶ˵ԽѺ취׼ʶ
˭֪ڤڤ֮Уô쾹ˡ
רעĿ׼һ漴º͵ĵͷʾ⣬ȴδ
õһԣǰ˺ܿ쾭ǰϵṫҲ˾һۡ
죬ȴûݡ
˾󣬾һƷիǰƫͷѯʸŵ̴ӣλӺλǿ֪ݣ
̴Ӷһۣ±Ӧ죬ǵӾӷԸЩ
̣Ҳ׼ӵ˼˼Ƭ˿ڣλǶ
żǰǼԷһģʱǳͶʮһֳ꣬һ״Ԫɡ
һ̽ɣݳڣܿ챻ϣΪ
λͼٳǰǵ͵
ʱһĶֳϣҲֻƳۣҿԺãе졣
û뵽׼Źϵá
ҲڵյϣɲߣƽʱûӴ뷶Χ඼ڹûȷǰʹ٣Ҳ¶ۡ
ýԾǷд̽ˡǾһת»һƷի
ٴ¥¥Ѳ࣬׼ڽλã̸
Ⱦǰ񣬶һ£λ֪ݵģ
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˸λǾ봫ŵǲͬʵǰ£
ۣǰҲԳֵܶ˵ضҲš֪ʱ·ʱںδΪ֤
ݳǻң
ûˣǵ˶ҵĻɷΧڣֻ̫ʱ䣬º޷ϴɣֵܶǡڴϣ֪һһųɣҺüȥˡ
ɫÿ˭ɱ鶼ãҪСˣ׼ſ˿ڣȻһˣ˵Ҳú鷳
׼ӣѹ²ʹ죺Ҫʵĸʱ
ǰʱ󡣡ʱͻ棬˼䣬ʱǻŵģ֮һͱڻһֻ֪ܴΧų
ϸ룺ԽƵ٣Ϊֱ֤·ʱ˶һֱУź̴Ҳ֤ǲţȥһ˴
˵ղԸᾰǸ浹һƣԹ˺
֪ٴ̽ʲôҲȥ򵱳ܱ¡
׼˵мϹ֣׼ЦЦף߶ˡ
ֳ˹˰ݣת£ֻֻ׼ŶҲԹֺ׼ſԸһƣʱĪҿǾӲǻ㣬Ǿаˡ
ûǡ
ԭѾߵ¥ݿڣէȻԺʲôĲӽӲһ£ִܿ¥
δԭȵļƻȥ¥ǻ
ȻصУֱΩסƫԺ
ΩҴ߳ܣɫô㲻ã
ҡͷ˽˷УѯʾΩ磬㻹ǵö𣿡
ΩȻǵãʱһ죬ǰ꣬Ժһ˼µֻͬΪںԺְټҲ͹ʱ游빬żһ档
ʱ
Ωףʱʱڡʲô⣿
ʱڣȷб𣿡侲ͷһϣ
Ωҡͷֻ֣ʱƫ䣬ʱΪ뿼УԺ㣬Ը˷ʱڽϣͬ꣬˵ĻҲֻȼ䡣
ʧǴɼǵʱƽ֣λСҵԺʱἰģ˵Ҫ
ʱ꣬ôҲҪҵ˴ϱߣ̫
Ωǵ֣һʱλһλѧҲʱʱԷ뿪꾩ǵʱƽƽҲ˵
֪ôܴ̽˵𣿡ȻԺܵͣһΪֳڴʱη˺ֳͷϣֱҲûѰλνס
Լʹֻ˿ҲԸŹ
Ωѣλʱǰ뿪ˣѰˣʱԸƧӦѧû֪
ʱԺɽϵãҲɽʱģӦ֪ĹֻϧȥɽʹѾϹ硣ѯֻԺֻɽܲĹѧӾڣɽܻ㿴
ֻʣգοҲֻǻɣԺܵͣΪһִ󶯸ɸꡭ
ȴһˣۣһ֪ȥ
Ωһ㶣˭
ûؾΩֻҴҳƫԺǰþΩģתȥԺү
ֻСҲǲѧɢү֪ǡ
ʱڲ鵽ֵģҲֻλ
ȥ̴ӾδֻܼԺ⣬ֱĺɫĺϣŶˣ̴ȥˣСɡ
ˣҲû˵ʲô̴ȥŻȵһ᷿ǰ̴ţ·̴Ӵۺ⣺롣
һֻ̤᷿棬ѩɵܣ᷿ܾɴ罫ټָ᷿乧ͷĿ̴ӡ
Լ̵죬÷·̤һĬĿռ䡣
ջشĿ⣬ƹ磬ֱ˰ǰͷȻһҡ
ֻǳɫµɢֳͷһ࣬ѵ⣬ʵ׵ֱһ·ϣ޳ָһöӣһӣһҳš
Ŀ񣺡үæһˣº󶨻ᡭ
ûȾ˵꣬󿪿ڣа
̧̫ۣ
ȴδǼӮ˱һ֣Եɲͷ
Ͳ¶Էģǳأ
Ƴһۣڵͫʹž̶㣬ɫѱ棺Ϊūһꡣ


8 
Ӯ
Ȼû뵽Ҫ󣬶ʣתĿ⣬һϣá
λ⣬΢һü۵׵ȤŨֻȻĮ·ոǸԳûҪĲǾ͹ɡ
ܿǵһʱľȷģĸϵʱΨһֻмȭŹȴҲè
ֱֳԩȥһҹ䳤ˡ
ʱ֪ȥ˷ѵʱ䱦óʱȡѧʣ϶Щֲ塣
ʹ̫ӵǻɱҲá
Ϊ˱ҹݣľѪشһ竳Ϊ̫ӵұۣļ֪
Ҫ˵תܸȡҪ֪֪ʶرϢʱȥ
һ¹Ǹ̹ѧϽڣϲģս
Ѿһ룬Լģ൱
۵ףܿһӣһԭ̬һ䣬Ƥ˾һۣ̬Ҳ治١
һ壬˴ĺɫĺϵȼһ룬ִƽʱЩʧ
˵Ӯһ֣ƽ֣ǲ֪λֻΪ
аİڣƳһ۾Ӯˡ
ۣү˵Цƽ֡
⣬Ϊھ˻˳Ӧѵø̨׵ӣǱԼģɱһӣˡ˵ƽ֣˵ӮˣӮˡ
ûپܾϾȷ֪йض£Ӷлү
󣺡˵ɣҪ˭
Ͷʮһ̽ɣĶ
뿪̴Ϣү
ĿѾϣ˵Ķóģ
̴ҡͷδ˵
˵үƽ֣ŶδķӶߺü꾩νǳš
֣ɫףȻλ봫нȻ෴ľΪ档
Ժδţ˵ʱǰѶйصһ˵ϡ
ʱ仹һʱȻһƫԺѺϢ˵Ω󣬴Ҵžٴδ̴븮
̫˵յʱ䣬ȴǻҲϣ˯һ죬ֹȥһ죬ǰ̫ӾҪֵܶˡ
ʹɱݺֵܶ˵ĵǶ˵ҲţҪ֪ڻɱĶ
οǲֻһ˵޷ǲ²⡣
ʱȣҲǾ¶ԼյԵɣȻѾ¶һ֣ͳ׽͸иĳ̸
ֻųˣԻʣˡ
Ҫȥǻƽʱõѣϲ仨¥ͬ
ʱûķǶϳû¥ʱ̶ܴϻ
һߣ۶ˣһ±ɫţֻ¶ü㣬һλȻƣڴ¥ǰһϣ̴ӱǰ¡
һ˴϶ɢĺùǼʹҲֻ˱ᣬ꾩һǴٹˣǿǲ
ܿǰֻһ䣺»㡣˵գ𱿪ڣӸһӡ
ĴĻŭţߵ»Ѿп⻰˻ȥ
˵»ǳ̼ҹã̼ҹûǮǰǻӵֱ棬ѾǾûҪͽᡣ
Ťȥ»ûãͰ»͵ڵİᡣ
»Ǵ¥Ĵͷ֮һڻ˪֮£ǻĸ֮һ̹ӵá
»֮ǰѾǧýûҶ࿴ֻǰһͳöɤңĹ֡
»̲ס͵͵ֻ̧ۣǰһλ»ĹӶƲݡ
ͨԼ°̲ס֪ӿҪūҵ
⡣
Ŀλ̹Ӷˣλ»ǳ̹ӵãƽʱʱ̹Ӿ»УЩ̹ΪŻûٵõôԼλŷоˣ̹ӻΪԼˣʵȻ
էȻԼ˱زưոݣó֣̹Ӷ˾ͻѰ
»һյһ룬űһ߿ӵҪ˭ıӵӵŮˡ
ű߿صһײǽֵأȻֹ»һôˣ˾һۣȻ¾λ汨
űвˮվŵ̴ȴڳ̹ӶʱȻǰɫڶ󣬵Ǵ̤󣬰ֱϢϡ
̹Ӷ˿̬̣ǰδͿһ»ɴŵ˫ۣ̹Ӹ˵ʲôͻȻһɴֱ죬˫ֱ䱻һţȻſ޷
ͬĺҲһĲǱ˿ǵڹֽ꣬űһҲ˶ڶ֫ܶʶ֡
»ŵòᣬߵĺбƮƮһ۸ѹ˻ȥ
̹ӶôԴȻݲͣһ¥Ůӵġ
ȴǿһ»
»ֻǵһžһף˳̹Ӷôãûԣǻһյĳˣ
Ƕ˵仯۵ףƿڣʵˣ
Сס
ƫͷ̴ӣǰڳ̹ǰȡ¶Ķ˺Уֱһöҩ
˾δˣס⡢ʲô
۲ȥǣűյ˷ˮ߳涾
һŵɫ
߳涾嶾ʮ涾֮һֻбɵ˲ܽ⣬ȻҲۣһöҩֵǧƽ
˳ˣɤӣλүôǶĻɣǿ϶֪޲޲
̴Ӹɰ˵õȻҶֻſﲻ̧ͷû취ڶԷУֻˡ
ǺӣָָһԵλãɡ
˶һۣĬĬֻԶһ߽ǣֻ˵֪ܸǽҩ֪λү֪㣡
̹ӻ˵һ룬էȻժľˡ
ȴֻޱ鿴ǣ˵ķŭƻ𣺡Ǵˡ˵ٶȿν֮졣
ĿӦ֪ǴҪƭңץ¶һΣҲܶڶΡϾֳݺûˣһӣȥֳᡣ
˵⻰ʱϸ棬ȴö˵⻹ʶľ
̹ӶȻһŵϴ˿̱ι˶ηҡͷҡ
յ£ϸ΢Ĵײ淢ŵöһ飬ֻϷûκʻ𣺡ǰһĶĶ
˱ǰһŻûƢʵش𣺡һ˾ƣҹˣ͡͡
ʲôŶ˸Ŀ⣬̴ʱ৵һ½гʣ᷿ڱһӳ֡
͸ԴŻ¥ĹȥԼˣ̹ܲס¼˽⡣
һ˵ڣʣĻҲûôѣɴе½һʼŵ³͵ûǰ
˵ֻҲĿŵ¥ŮǰԻλС˸
տʼڻ֣뿪ֻ»ͰС˵Ļ˪ȥˡ
⻰ģ»Ϊ֤һ»һ̹ӸϽʾŵôԭص»
žĿɨȥ»Ŵ˵ֻܲżСףͷ黨ҶȻŵòᡣ
Ҳд¥һͷ֤һֱ·ʱѣһȸϽˡ
˲˵ٻǿ»˪˵ʲô
»ǿ˳̹һۣٴۣûҿȻ͵¡
̹㻹˵ѵҶ
»ҧŴ˪챻ͻʱǻԲѵģ˴ӺΣõ̫ݣڵʱԴһϻʱ·٣ڶͻһֱڷȣڻûָ
ǲ⻰Ǽٵģˣ̫ǱȻֵܶˣҲȥǱߣ˪쵱ʱڻУ϶ǲġ
ĿҲ̹Ӷˣ˵ǰ£˻棿ǿ֪Եɣ
̹Ӷ˶һۣǳײ𣿡
⻰𣿡
ǵȷҲûţδ̽ߵС˲˵Ҳҵ֪£Ҳûôšѵйأ
ȴûشǣа취εŪ𣿡
˴ۣǲ룬һ㶼롣
Ū󣬸ǽҩߡ
̧ۣܣ
ҲܹǲصҲԩ֣֮ҲǱ۵ģܻţ˭ţ
̹Ӷ˲ǻߵĺѣߵĹò죬˭ó˭óһ
һʱ̴Ӵų̹Ӷ˺ܿС˸Ūˡ
С˻ų̹Ҫǿ˪죬˳ǷƣһһأСһѾ
̴ֱ죬ǰԳ̹Ӷ˸ɵһ飬Сһ߳涾ŵõʱ˾Ҫʹȥ
̹ӶɿѾŪˣǶ˵Ķǲǡ
СŭɶˣȻû뵽Ϊ˻Ǹ͵ƺǹӵ
õҪģȻǽҩ
̹ɫһףⲻǿװ𣿸黹ҪûãҪûأ
ܿǵ뷨Ǻĸǽ˴𰸣Ǿٻˣֱõ𰸣Ǿˡ
̹Ӷ˱ҭĲᣬСڶԷУֻˡ
ǰǻӲգžĸɱˣ񾰶һ蹷˭ҧ˭ҲҪ汳ġ
С˱ȳ̹Ӷ˻ȷǱһŻе¶ˣ˶ˣֻѡ
µòλˣ䵽С
֪º󽫻㣬ɾ£ֱ˽ͷ˲Ű˸ų
λһŮͶŮװѰˣȥԺֻûҵҪѰʱƽֻȻؿջٽҡ
ֻǶã˵װӣȴΪݾɫǱżĻһƳŮ
β֪סĿջǰڨѹ
ӣɴС˰Ͷ˶
Ը۸ʧְ˸ˣΪնݳͬǸŮһŪݲˡ
»Ǳг֪ƺȴҲ˻㡣
˭֪һʹʴʣԼö嵱ҫʱ
᷿Ҳû뵽̹ӶȻ֪ɫû뵽Ȼǣͷ϶亹


9 

ۣǰµĴϵһԺи󵨵Ĳ²⣺һƷիҫöʱǿִ߿ʲôˣ
С˶һۣ֪ʵǣ
ǿҲȥһƷի
Сû⡢ǾҲʶ
һԵһ㶣
ӣ뵽Է󽫾Щף󽫾
ϵãӼҲпܡ
㵱ռֱʳ
ӳһһͷȷˡʱ˵ͷϣΪ˵ޣִⲻٿ͵СϲˣƿŲע⵽Ҿȥˣյ⣬ǡɿȥλӡһ˿εȷǶʱߵ¥ݾͷպöһͷҾͿˣʱΪպżҲûϸ롣¡Ӧøûذɣ
Ͼ˿ǰ˸ӴŵĹϵûôͻҲû˵йìܡ
õԼ֪ģôһ˽ҩ˵йػô£Ϊ˲ǣڣ뿪ҲҶ˵ʲô
ο֮ǰν߳涾ҲǼٵģĶŪҩͽҩȥ
̹ӼˣǾǡġ
;жԼǰĲȷ֣Ͼûôɵ¡
ʱҲԺջҫǡöҲڣпѰˣǶ
һʼ֪Ѱˣҫʱ֪ȥ飬ҲɱΪﱨ
һˣֻҪȷǲʱƽǲѰˡ
ȥԺʱԼϢʱ˰ʱյԺ⣬һܼģǰݸһͲѾЪˣǶӵĲͷ
ɿӹлĴҴһ˹ѺΩƫԺ
ΩһֱڵȾȻɿȥĶˣô¶ܳ¡
ҡͷֳҪģžΩ˷䡣
ǰӰӰ´ӳ£Ͳڵһ滹δīζȲչ
һӳ۵ףȻв²⣬ȴĬ
ʱڣƽͶʮһ̽ɣò˫ȫΪ
Ωɫб䣬̲ס̽ͷȥһҲǸ֣һʱʱƽ
ͬ꣬˵ΩںԺְʱƽ˶
ôй潻ڣôҲ벻ʱƽɱ˺޻
ɫʱƽɱΪﱨ𣬵ðֳҲǣڣֵܶڴʱȫȻû£ĽΡ
ȥ˵һм򵥽ܺʱƽĴƽ
ʱƽҾһ㣬뾩ǧ֮⣬ó׸ҿǧ»Լֻʱƽк顣
˭֪ʱƽյΪ̽ɺ󱻶УΪ
йʱƽﲢδԣʱ꣬ϸʱֻ̫̣ܲ鵽ôࡣ
ԾԣѾˣƾЩԼǰ鵽Ĵܿ̽һࡣ
ʱƽǰΪ̽ɵӦа֮ãܿ顣
ʱƽӦºһԼվ뵽ŵ츮ࡣ
ڼ츸ӦͬϾù츸Ӧûʱƽϵ츸ӦδἰʱƽΪڻһ£ֻ˵Լ
Ӧһ𰸣츸ߵò𰸣ɴҳߴϾѰʱƽ
ʱƽӦ˽Ⲣ࣬Ҳ֪ʱƽǶ뾩󲻻ȥԺǹ
ԺûѰʱƽȴϣɱ
֪½㣬Ȼȴ֪ڸģҫóڮǡñͬǰһƷիʱƽƼ
ʱƽϳģ˽²֮̽µ֪Ŵɱ˻޻ֳΩ
Ϊ¾ΩĸԸϣɴཫҲǣڣþΩΪǾɱ˻
߬ͫʺڳģĺþΩţǼһŭֱ֮ȥҶ㻹ǵôӳ飬һȥ˶ΣֻԼȥ
ҡͷģû¡ôҲû뵽Ƕǵһʱ˿ûɹǶ
֪¾ǶΪȴû֤ݣҪҲѣû취֤Ǿ˱ŮǶǰδޡ
ǵʱȴֻʣһգ̫ӷ뿪ǰ˵ԴŴµǰץ¡
ֻȥѰ֤ݣܲҵǸģ֤ɱ˶Ҳлᡣ
ΪʱѾΩԼԺӣֱ۵˿ھһ챼ѿѪô»ҩҩͳ˯ȥ
ֻǵڶԭѰ֤ݵ뷨ƻˣг͵֪ɱһ£Ҫֵܶˣټ̽
ǿһĴŲ鵽һЩиһ룬һʱԣһҲ԰㲣ˮ΢Щɫ߳ԺӣѾйĴ̫š
̫˾һۣЦЦӣӼ߰ɡ
⣬ΩѾţӭǰȿɫӼУˡ
ҡͷһȥȿɿ
ǰӦȸ߲ûܾ֮ǰӦò
οϳ͵۳ʵȻ˲Ǳ湦򣬳͵þֵܶᱣǡ
ǰҲԣֻ˾ΩһĿ⣬̽
ȵ˹ſڣй̧Ųǰû˯ѵڲϣ̧̧Ƥɨľ°ջء
;Ωֻܸں泯鷿ȥ
һ˴ʱŵ鷿⣬Ŵ̫ǰȥ棬ûóϵĴűƿ˽ȥ
ȻǸû˯ѵģģãǰʱ䣬Ȼ͵Ƴȥ
Ľη壬иø׺óǺãʹٻˣȴȻû׽˸ǡ
ıӵֲڸ̫Ӷֻܸӡ
˽鷿˳͵ۣˡ
һ̫ӣһǻү
Ļǻүĵմӣ˵ϲ̨棬ƽʱҲûү
ȴøһλ£˵֪ͻ˹ȥ
Ѻ֪־Ȼ˻ȥڸдһүֻܽ͵ΪĲĹ¡
һֱү浽ھĻ̫̫һϲСˣ⻹˵ãֱӴ˸˻
ҹ̫عʱ̫ҹҶֵѾˡ


10 
˭
˽վֻȴǹûõ͵۷û
үǳסԼ˸ӣֵҲûֻŻϷ
͵һֱڷ⼸նѻۣһˣò̧ۣ˵˵ɣô£һģ̫˼Ҷˣô£Щ˶зģ
ү˵һ飺ϣϳҲϳͻȻûˣʱ֤֤ڣӦץʡ̫ͻȻͬ⽫˽ϳҲ̫ӺҪֲɣ
͵ۿ̫ӣ˵
̫ӴۿڣʱҲǽ˼ý£Ҳʱ֪ǰȶһǾӡŵᱨ֮Ծ¶ʱС帮УԸˣҲӦҲǰ֣ͬʱҲ˵ھӲֵ֤ܶףԽ͵¡
͵Ѿ֪̫ӵɣҲ޷ٴѯһ飬̫ӣտɵˣ
̫ҡͷʣһա
͵ۿү֣Ҳ޷Ƕһգүѵ̫ʧˣ
ɡүҲ֪ԵɣǸķ˲Ը⣬ֵҲû취οԼ˶ӣȴң⣬һү˵ȥҲ
͵ɨѾվſʼ˯󣺡
Ѱ㣬ۣ·ոһж޹أˣ
͵ָһ£˵ʲôƽʱҲûнӴôͷϾͬˣ
վֱ壺ϣܵնȻعѾ˴ȥˡǼ˵ˣ˭ָ˵û
͵۵Ҳû⣬ڰ֣ˣһҪû֤ףʱү̫һ˴£Σ
үŻϵⷬѯʵĻȴѾʼͷ˴𰸡ϲ⵽˭Щ
ۣ˵ʲô鷿⴫һ棺ϣ̫ͻʺ
͵üͷһָܿ
鷿´򿪣ʺ̫̤鷿͵Ҳæĸôˣ
̫һٲʵǲҪѺʢַˣ
ĸ⻰ô˵ģʢҲųģôĺ֣͵˵ڻʺ̫ТΪȣҲ̫ӡ
̫󱻻ʺˣ˭֪Ҫ׷ͺڷˣʢǺӴСʹϻۻ飬˵û£ȴҲǺõġ˭֪ôʵۣ˵˵ʱѵ⾰ҵĲǱץסģ˵ʱУô̫ˣ̫˵ţζ̫һԵľֵܶˡ
̫̫ʺʱҲֻ񣬴˿̴վĮʺĸ׺
̫ǰûʺ̫Ӳף̫ӹȻϥµģ̫䣬ʵûи飬ƫˣΪԼı
̫ͻʺ֪Ҫˡ
Ȼǻˣ̫ͻʺǳԻңѧλǰΪܳ裬Ҳǻ޿ֵԵɡ
ˣ̫Ϊľ֮֮ڣ̫ȴˡ
һϵ޷飬ǵȴֵܶ˵ģֻ͵¡
¶ֵܶ˵ȥ޻֮

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˵Ͳ󣬵ָߣʺȻΣ̫Ҳ˵ʲôһ˾ôڳλ
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͵̫ĻΪͷۣ鷳ƫƫţһһ鷳ţ̫ӣĸȻô˵ˣҲˡ
ڳ͵˵̫󿪿ǰͷ˴񣺡ϣлҪ˵
͵˳ȥϵĿھϣھҳ棬Ͼǰյ״Ԫɣھ϶ǴδŶҪ˵ʲô
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ⷬñڲС̫üѵߵĻ˻ȥ
˵ϲС˵ĵǲ֡С˵ʲô
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ֵͷһ񣺡ţǰʡӸô˵Ȼ֤ݣֻ֤ݣǰ˵ǼٻʱҲ޷ǶһˣԸһȡ
̫ⷬ˵ףȷ벻ǲһ仰ĲǶһ˵ȷ޷
̫ʱҲ۳͵۹£ʣǶˣὫ黹ꡣʣһգʳȫ
̫ⷬ飬Եƫ̻һԵĻʺ߬ӣɫ̫á
͵۶̫Ӹ񣬼϶ڻʢôϲѡһȻƫ̻̫ӡο̫ӵ˼ҲˣܻĶܻãԺҪģǸ鷳
͵ۻӻ֣ˣȥǰٷԸȥô佯ˡ̲شһ
ʱڣȻҪʣһ·ʱŻһͬǰԳСԼƽʱõλˣӼ˾ҵ̴˵մӳ̹ӡ»˵ӡ
̫֪̯ˮȻӦˣ󾰳£Ҳûôڳ͵鷳ܾǰǰԸԳ˴
̫ӼȻڣ͵ҲԸӣȥɡ
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صôؼʱȴԱд£Ϊá


11 

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æؾһվˡ
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ڳ˵֪̫ӣû뵽Ҳ̫ӣϾǰ̫ӿɻƫ̻ǾҶӡ
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СΪ̫ϽһʼûֱŭǱ죡û𣿡
էȻŵһ飬Ȼֹ


12 

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13 

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ޱ鿴˯òȵļ̌ڴϵľΩ


14 
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˵ǵĿҪǣҲֵ֪ܵĸ飬ôΪɱĻҶ
ΩɫҰףԭأ
ֻһԺ׫ƽʱҲûôˣô˵˷ôҪɱĵز
뿴ǲżȻ֪ʲô£Լδע⵽ĻȴΪ֪ˣԵ˷Ҫɱڵĳ̶ȣ
ܲϧôһڴ¶֣ǶԷݾԲ͡
ֳ䡸֪£ǲ򵥡
ΩҲԼǲʲô۵ܣŬȥ룬ȴԽԽҲκζߡ
ɫʹ࣬æżǻǰȫģ롣
ûֻҪ취ҵؼС
ҪĿģֳȰ˸á
ΩҲȷ벻Ķֻ˾ģھΣȻ˶ܣ˭ҪôݵĶ֣
ȾΩҩЧ˯߳ţǰüģһתͷֲԶͤһˣԼԼģ
⼸յľΩһֱûôţ·죬ΪطҲȫֱϵԺ
Ҳ˵⼸ֵܶһֱסԺ


15 

֪о£ɱֳһѰ治뿪ǿȰƫԺ
ͤȥߵһ룬аϢסȥ·ֻܹ
ͷķ򣬵ǰ˺ܿٴʧ
ǰͤǰллү⼸û
΢ѵþӻǵñơ
ӣ֪λүǼǳǰ鼱֮µвֳãֳ⼸߶ţЩʱͿ԰ᵽƫԺ
ûӦҲûܾ㱾һ֡
ֻǰһ£Ӯһӡ
ƺӲ˻ؾ⼸վÿնҪֵܶ˻ظھΪֳá
ö䣺ֵܶ˱޻ɱ˻ʱҲûλøôˣżˡ
ֳ񱻡ֳ˵Ǻ¡
Ҫڣ̴ӴҴҶͤϵľ£ܿ棺ү
û˵Թְһ֡
֪ǷˣүӶ𣬳ȥһԻǰ߶š
Ȼû̧ͷš˶٣Ƕһ䣬ȥأ߻ȱһĵġ
ǰǲ֪Ǹա
ǰι֮⣬ҪǱͲˣƫƫС
λү̫ӵӶΪ̫С壬õܣΪܳ裬ǲҵ
ξٴűлͦ⣬ֻǵڴʱŰ˵һתҪ񣬵Ƽ˭ʱŭ֪ӣ㻹¶棿
׶ô¶棿վǰ⣬һһ⣬мһȡ
ѾܶûмһǰҲöû
λЩİϸΪˣ
ʵϣǸӼ䣬Ѿһ
̬ɫѿ㵹Ǳ´󣬾Ǻү㽫ΩʬŪĶȥˣҵĶӣʣѾںãҾͣʬô£
˵䣬ǰȵ⣬źȻ屳չꡣ
üŹ⣬һڰڣӰɨԵüĮһ˫ͫʳɭ䣬ȫһɬе
һʱԭأϴμⲻӻǰǰѳԾ£Ѱڣŭ±Ȱ¡
æҲû˵ȫȨѵӣٺǻɱ
֪ԼıܴҲݣҲҲݲһʮ֮ǰµӵܡ
ε£ǸתۣҲ˵ͨ
ʷѣٺ˴Ҳɡ
Įžһİˣͣʬô£Ҿ͸㵽ô£ƾֳԩɱʱԩĬŲ
ȴǵԴϢΪԼϴˢԩƾֳѻظȴڸǰһģүڴڼ䲢δѰһֳºҪҲʬ壬һˡںүﲻһϹȥŲòҪȥºֳѰһ򣬼ʹȲˣɵ׾ˡһү޹ؽҪ˶ıȺүζ˵⵽ô£
ʵƿԣѾˣףѵʹֻǡ
ֻǲˡѹĵı⡣
ò᣺ӣô븸˵𣿡
ҪôݼҽǰͷĺϲܲˣǽƫĺȢķ˸ϲĺӶǰͷ񣿻˵㱾ĸ֮ǰͶļҸ⣬ֻΪŵڲԲδȢİ֮ˣ˵
˵ʲôɫ࣬˭ģТӣ˶۰رģ
һǣ۰ݵ׸߼λӣҵһ᲻ʦ̶˸ҽ̡ĺӣԺֻȸС޽ʱֳ곤ѶѱԺɽ£ҲһӵܡλӣλǰͷģһλģһƫƫĺӶǲģгϢԱϣԼһ۸һۻ軨ǻľ䡣Ȼү˵ӣֳ£ǾͽҸϳӸɴϾϵҲպΪ֮λǷҪЦˣıʮ꣬ڰϴ϶Ϯ˳£ǾףǺһԲТɡ
˵öģֻЩһʱ֪˺ܶס
ǺΪֳΪҪֳͶ̫ӣǹ϶Ū
⶷ڶռλСүֱ̫ӼλųնһһӣѪľⱲӼȻҪ·ûˡ
һ֮λ濴ϡ
òᣬϾ޸˫ĿĪӣТӣ
ͻһлỹǺѧѧϾ۸ɱﲻһ㻹治
ǰ˵ЩܣԼһȥֳôҪȰˡԼû˵Щʱûǰôȷֻʱݲϸ롣
ȥȥڸⱻһ𣿻Ǽȥĺ÷ϣҾøȴںǰ;ˡϾôҪʲôүԼȡУЩˣֳ͵ֳλıˣҲͷֳȥû
Ļþɫ䣬Ȼû뵽˽˵Ļһ
˴ȥҲǴս˵ġ
Ƕɱʹ龩У𴩵λӡ
º϶ǨŭƫƫǵŮãǰİԲŸϽϴƽϢⳡ¡
⼸˽˵ȷϴ󱻴ɱ²׵ģлû֣ϴǰǺԺ׫պܽΪıô
ϴѾûˣܲܰװʧλá
Ҫ˵ϴ϶ûҲǣȷ˵öģûΪı뽫ıǸְ϶Ͼ϶Ҳ˸˵׵ܼͣš
˭֪϶ȻֱҪϾϵǰǰᡣ
˿̶Ͼİ˵񣬾þֱӣתͷĪҪ˵ЩԼܲ⡣ղʺ̸Ϊ
˵գǲȾٿڣҴһ˦뿪졣
ҲûҪһξͶϾϵҲܣһֻǱ̬ȣҲ֪תΪֳԼġ
ȻҲΪǰȻ෴̵棬˹ϣǲ׾


16 

ڻغϣһ·ԽԽԽԺﾰĻЩû̫Ҳڴ˿ð
϶СʱҲ̫ӣÿζֽѵ˶£˵ӻС̾ˡ
϶ÿڷͶڷӻӲˣҲҲٹܡ
˶ֻһϸ֮ȴܶࡣΪԭС͹ɺܶ࣬ʦҲԽ޴ңҲأֻӲͬ϶ӡ
룬϶Ļһֱ࣬ܣ޿ɱܣǰȥʱҪꡣ
ԺѾҴҽʵүοˣž͵ˣᣬҪΩȥ»ҰÿÿܲѣΩࣿ
˿޺˫жݣѹ˸Ǻûֻǽˣ϶ǻѹˡ
ȻҲûϣźվӡô죿羲ǱߣǺҲãⲻǱƫƫҲǶӣΩҲƽûҲûܸ˵˵ţӲ۽ǣĲѡ
ƽʱѾǰ˿̸Ҫں壬ͻȻԺǾ۸ɱﲻһһòܣһͻȻڣղܲܽ˴ȥϴðɡ
⻰ת̫ͻأ۽ǵĶһ٣ܿҡͷүȥ˻ѹ⼸ճɱţүǣҲǺǵһ⡣Щʱүٹȥɡ
⻰Ҳ˵ùȥĪȥһˣȥƴ϶˵Σ᲻֪
˵գҲ˼ȰֱӴ󲽾ͳȥ
Ӻܿ죬֪סæߵĸʹ˸ɫָһԺʹСȥӴ
Ͼ⼸˶ô˵ģ˵λСֳûˣûûҹ˲ѡ
ǰΪסֽţүȥʱѾ׼׵λСӶڣȥͻȻҲ֪ü
ų̺ܿ죬ܿ͵ǰŵ־Ҫһۿ
̧Ժţȴڹϣ˸뿪ڣһŰŸ߿ˡ
۵һѾ󲽽ԺӣǰһҲӳС
ü򵥣ֻͣһײģ˶ûУײǰĻֻһЩδȼյĻҽϴʱǰŵġ
վͷҲɫˣһֱΪֳ飿˵ı˲ʳʲ߲ҹ飿
ͣӲŴҴҸ˽ǰۣףĸס
ȴûڣ˴ҳ
ӣȥδˣڸ𣿡
ɱ۾¶Ƶıʹȥ鷿ôϲ鼮ųˡ˵ţе鼮̧
Ҳ̰ǻ⺢ˣƽʱΩ⺢ӹϵãҲܶࡣ
ȴžɱͻȻǰһѳ½¶ɫɫ£ŰƣݻΪôæ½δȫҴȥ
һߣڡ
Ӧ꾰»Ժ
Ѿ°һ壬һֺἰƫԺ£ʣһۣӲ²¿ԺƫԺȣĸȫһЩ
Ȼ˵ԸϾһЩ˵бǱڲ鵽޻֮˭֮ǰȻֳڡ
Ȼү˳ӱģѾǷ˲飬ٶһҲࡣ
ǻ£
ҡͷȻү⣬ǳֳͼ߶ˡֻǺǵ죬үһ¡
û˵ҲûֱӾܾԼ˵ˣֻھΪԷܾʱְһ֣ԼȥѰܼҡ
ɿæӦŵ£ֱıӰʧڻȹսǾͷԼհںõң
Ϣ֣ϥأǰ뾰ڴõĻһ飬ҲûӦֻǻӻ֣ܿ찵ʧ
ֻͤһ˼žԼԼģԶţѩɫĴ멽еļ뾰ɫΪһ塣
û徻ڡ
дžӡĵգ飬ѯʴ֮̽²ŵ֪Ҫߡ
˵Ϊ˸ͣʬž˵ˣһղѰĻкֳǾᣬԸֳĿ
ϡͬʱҲ棺λôξôɣö˶˵ͣһʬô£
⻰˵ģǸۡȱʬƵģɱˣЩȥȥǸн޳˭֪˶ˣˣһһѧģǻ쵽һȥˡ
٣⻰ҪǴλߣúã
⻰ֲһ˵ģҲ˵λ㣬ͷôݣ
˭µΨһѪһͿ๦ߣͷҲž㡣ҵ˵һ£Ǹλйء
ʲô£λָʲôˣ
治ǣھݣǵģظ˵Ǿ˳ˣ˵Ǻ˹⽫ϣʵ򲻹װģ񾰶Ϊ뾰ַʵ飬Żȥ̽
ѵʲô
ˣ˵ֱЪ鷿һҹûط
ַôҵģ˭ĵ
˭λ¡
ЩԽԽаӦǰ϶£ֻǱ˵ô˿֪ϾҲû˸ҽȥ˭֪н޳ĵط
ȴҲŹķһʼֻ˵ãǵۣǵطĺúõģΪơ
˾ӡ
Ͼò˵竲ѧƤ൱һһĺã꾩ҲݻĹӡ
һʼ˲ţϸСүʮδȢ޵˼˵Ҳû˵мͨŮ١
ôһ룬˵ж֮񱡣
ϢԽԽ£浽ǰܼͷ۲ѣүԽҲҪȥţ
ȴǵȤʲôôĺá
ܼң⡭û˸үס
󲢲⣺㵱˸ңοδҲû˼
ܼңǾǴ
󣺡ԱͻȻҴЩ㵱˭ģ
ܼĥζһǻʣµĻܼû˵ڣҲҼʣҲãүԽ˺֣λҲүûо裬ͲүӲá
һ꣬һӣǰԼĻ
ܾòζȻڴϾǾǺúƵˡͷߣڸϰᦡ
ܼңү¶ôɣ
ȴǻ첻ߣ££ϵĴ멣ôǡӡͷߣѶˣôܲһŭΪաһЩ
ܼҶĿ⣬֪˵Ҳı䲻ʲôֻȥˡ
ǣΩͷߡ죬ʷᣬ⾹ǹ˰ᦰ׵
һĻʵ÷˿ˡ


17 

⵽Ϊ˶ҵģΪˡλ
ɵλҲҪ񣬺һ壬Ϊң𣿵Ϊ˺˸˸硹ңҲ˵ùȥ
ǰɣ֣ǲİɣ
һҪ󲻿԰
Ϣһմߣһûˡ
ǾĬƬøʲôʲô⣬Ƕ䣬Ӳ⡣
ΪΩʧϵϢδߣֻϤˣ֪ȻȻ󲨡
Ωͷ߹˺뾰Լθ߲Լ֮ڻʣա
ǰΪΩƼҪװֳĹҲһ̵ֱڡ
ҪֳڵĻ֮ӦҲֳ
ϾЩʱδҽҲûֻиһλش򣬼ϵһ̴ؿڣҲֳܻ
ͷһٳҲɡ
ϵͳǾתͶ̥õģǸҽϵͳִʱÿζ˻һ˿Եõʮ֡
ֳֺҩ̴ֲδӣصһӦû취õ֡
ΪΪ̴ûֲŲı䣬Ѱһо˰ģҲˣֶβ㡣
ǰõʮֻ֣Ҫˡ
һֻ᲻ı仹Ҫ֤
Ҫһ㣬Ҫȥһ۸߲ȷʮֹԷһ
ʱ仹㣬죬취׬ʮ֡
׼ǰȥԺݼ
Ҫ߲ߴ̧ĿھϣȻܺ棬֪ģ
ȻѰҽȴ˵ΪԼΡ
ЩڸŲһ飬δй¶£羰ͻȻҽ㣬ͬʱȴҲɡ
һ޷ƿس֮ˣҪôΪãҪôΪǿĶǰٵ
ʣǵĿһ²𣿶հ˾ѡ
ͷϷûȴܸоһֱϣ̽ĦɣЩһ仰ˡ
³һĿǰ˵Ǻ飬ǵˡ
үʹɣʱɱ⡣
̴Ӻܿǰ·ں󣬾ǸĿֻƼ׹صĴ멣ɫĺɭ
ͷչܴۣƴ֮Ѿ̫ηѾѮ콫ůȴȻη
üԺʱĵһ棬Էݲ԰ףֲ̬İףֻϲƣβɢȴҲý
ͬ˯ޣԾδɹ壬Ҳá
˵ĸоȴìܵģþһʱ˵ֹںδ
һ˺ܿ쵽Ժһ䡣
û͸о޵ҩ㴫Ժ滨㣬ɫ£ȴ
յķűƿ̧˽ȥ
󣬷ȼ¯ҩζŨڵϣ˼
գȴǶҹ飬յû磬γһȻů
һ㲵ߣ٣ͷȴȫס
յ˫һƬ촽࣬ɫҰףݣܿҰƤµɫѪܣһнľı֮ࡣ
ʱҪ⣬ԭΪλϹֻܼѪԲѣȻбĲ֢
Ϲܼڵָ⣬ȻѾ˴룬״ֻӲá
󾲾ŴϵߣỺࣺܾ𣿡
˵ʻǰѾ״ܾҲҪȣҲܡ
ǰʼΪûִĸֻ֣ƾ輸ʮľ顣
Ϲܼ˵ж״ֵĺܺãҲƽȣϸ׵ɿܡ
ϣʲôʱʼȣ
ҲǳӽҪȥģүģڳӻѰҩֻǡ⼸ҪЩҩҪȥ˽ϵ㡣
˵⻰ʱе飬ܲ˵Լֻ˼ɣҩԼ֣Ȼܣôܱ¶λ=ҩɲ뵱ɹ
û˵һʱ侲ó档
뵽һ㣺үԷģӲܣӵֳүԺڡӾ㲻ҪԼҲ᲻ֳҪɱֳûѰͷүֺõţҲܼල١
󣺡㵹ǰÿһһ
ֻЦЦĬԶԡ
˭ֲúûţȰˡ
ҲûѣȻǰ̴ֲӸţ˰ڰס
پϹܼ֮ǰܳ£Ҳ˵һ˵ƣΨʡ
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̾ϢһүбҪν
ȴǵڣϾǱءˣĵ˵۲ǣҧļص֣ôһζ
뵽Щ䴫ţԭν˿ҲͿһӦ䣬ֻûлָǡ
ֱصǰԺɿѹȸУǲڡ
ΪҪƵƵȥֳ
ʱΩ·ǰдʲôдڴȣ˵˿ڸԭļãŹ˼գɫȻ㲲԰ס
磬ôˣǰеǺ˻üͷ
Ωͷ㲻ºЦѾû££Ҷܲʲôɡ
ЩʱŶ࣬Ｑ
ǰվþ˲٣Ҳʲô
ϸѶ˵Ĳ²ⷭȥ룬Ȼ벻Լʲô˻߿̽ʲô˶ɱ⡣
벻ȴܽԩ֮ǰһһд
ûʲôģҲܿЩ˵
Ω˵ŰѾдõļֽݵǰܣҴӴǰƵļ¶ԺǰдĿǰЩã
֪ԼȰֳÿ춼ֳ壬ֻҪúûָٳ⡣
ֳһôţЩʲôҲá
⼸ֽպ÷뻳УѵҪº;Ω˵ˡ
Ω֪²ֵһֱᱩ¶ΣУҲûСģ԰ΣΪ
ģүƣ̴ӣܱҵİȫ
Ωŷģž뿪ּǰܼ޾ϸд˳´һǰ㡣
̴ʻ˵һ̴ַϡ
ǳʱǰеļֽóϸš


18 

ΩΪ©ʲôʱע޶û
һţд˺ܶ£ɣһʱӦʱ¡
ΩĿǰְǺԺ׫ƽʱںԺְӡ
·ǰʱµǼ򵥣Ǽ¼µ׼̫Լ·ݼļԼйصĸ塣
³һΩǴǰһԳʼд
ϸ죬ʹģ֮ǰû
ǰ¶ʮˣվΩֵһ춼ںԺ˺һ澰˵ڶˣ֮ȥ˾һ档
Ƕ¶ʮˣȻںԺ¼̫ٳˡ
پһҳ¶ʮ죬Ω塣
ΪǼֻںԺһվΩӣһҳ޾ϸעһ
ǵһôֱ˽ֳճ뵽һʱֳûˣһʱͷЩɬܿ侲¿
ΩѷжԻ˭̸Ҳһһд
ǰΪ󲿷ʱһ˼¼ԶԻ࣬һҳȴܶࡣ
Ω˺ȥϷ밲ǰΩἰϷ˶˵ʲô¾ѹ
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Իܶ࣬󲿷ֶϷ˵ֻ˽̸ĶȴǾ
Ϸ˶ԾþΩԼҪ˺鹡
¾ģΩСֲһ䣺ֳ֪ĪҪѹĸ˽ܡ
·ֳܿдЩµС벻̲סЦһĲѹ
ϷΣһ֪һ
ֳǰΪгϢϷ˶ٰޣֳϷ˿гӶˣ·һжĨֻʣЩĪеĶǸɱ֣Ҫֳг
Ϸ˵ûϢ˵ϲ̨棬ûôһžͶ֣Щ꽫ϣ
޷ǾϽʱֵܵĸѾû䣬û֧ź벻ۣӰˣֳгϢҲֻǵڶ
ΩϷùţȥ鷿˾һѵ⣬ҴȥѰ
ʱ򾰳ֳ˵̶ȥһڣԾΩûѰֻܶԻԺӣӦԼͬıɽǰ¥Ʒ衣
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ݲû䣬˾СүǸְﲻæɽǴµ˽°ֳ
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ܴһ겻񣬱˼Уű̫ɱ˫ۼá
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ڹ壬Ϊѧһ㣬ţǼ⣬ǰһ겻Ω˳ۡ
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20 

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21 

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Ժȴܿ콫һĺ幵һлһ飬λĺ幷̫á
ΪĺıڤӣЩΣԼνΪύѡ
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ĺ并ھĮҲ⣬飬ǰԼӣһ
ûѹͣѾǰ̫ӵ˿
׼뾰ǰһƷիһ֮ԵĿתĺϣΧӣ·̲̣
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׼ŸмһЦüȻüɫʧܿ죬Ǳ׽׼һ˲Ρ
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׼ſһֻۣºЦЦ̧롣
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߸õȻӦоС
ϱĿ񣬵ϿƲϲŭλǵùԼ߲ҪԱ֪ĻҪߵöࡣ
𣿡֪ʱۣûջص˫Ŀĳͫʡ
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ڽһ·δѯʣϢ³һԺҪСĲǡ
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23 

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ֻǻ֣Ҫֵ֪ǲǼ޻ֳĻ֣Ҫ顣
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벻ͨΪʲôҪֳɽѵֻǵƾ˿Ǹüм
صҲüϡ
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ɴ಻һûλڨ
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ĺǱڤӣ˵ӦüλӦӣƫƫǰλˣһüꡣ
²⣬ĺӦߣõڤλá
ˣɲǴԵǰ㣬û
Щܶ˵
ĺƤ񣬾ҲñȤ˵
էȻһΪ˹ϵ׽
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̫һۣô֪
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24 
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ҲҶʣϾ綼ûˣҲἰóѹ
ï˵ҪߣҺһǡ
ïһ㶡
ûҩˡ
5֣߲Ǳû⣬պܶһʯ࣬ǰֽٻϣҲȲһïֵ
ïȴĴ̿ͣЩˡ
ϴλһġοʹǣҲܲ
ǶѰ󼸸׵İ
üïȵȵȣӲͷƤȥ󣬲û
Ԥϵڰ֣ƾճһһٵʿ
̽͵ӸлӰæӣ̴ǰбöӿԾܷġ
ɿ⻰ûˡ
̴Ӵ뿪תȥ˳̣װòų˳ǡ
Ⱦʱسǣֻʣ2֡
ûֱӻת˾
ǰȥǰŵС˿Բˣӣôˣ
ĮһۣǾҲܻأ
С˸ϽԴһ£Сľû˼룡
Ⱦ̴ӻظС˸Ͻȥ֪ͨˡ
պڸֻ⼸ɫ̫á
Ϻ˺üŰ΢
쿴ȻûТ£ѰһΪҲƽʱȻ෴
̫þһʱԽܣ⼸վɱԺϴ۶ӣҲôˡ
ڷ䴫Ϊ£ȷУֻǾû¾
ϼòУүЩԴ븮УȻЩС˼ļΪ˺룿ǺӵۣԺԹǡߥֱӳǸľλʱүҲ
ôܣ϶ˡ⻰˵Լš
ӲŲڵ᣺ǺӿҪǺϾϵʲôҵģ
ҧɾӣǰ˳Ҳǡ
ϣү㹫ƽһЩӣûǺɱ˭ү㿴𣿡
ᵽ⻹˹ϵģ
飬ܿѧʹģҲĳɹǣϾӿɾͺúõģôˣ
㡭Ϸ򲻸˵ӱѶϣ߷紵˼죬ʵҲûϴȷʡ
ϣүô˵ҲˣȳǺʱ˭
ѾӵλÿԸ϶ҲҪô£취ıְλְҲС涼ڴ϶ֻǲ׾ϷҲǰˡ
Цү⻰𣿡
Ƥӵ³ģ׻첻
׾ֺ˵Ļ˼˵
ھҪ˵ʲôʱߵִҴҽүˣӻˣ
һ㣺ү㿴˵ʲôţŻ㣬ʲôϾϵǼٵģ
ɿһۣźӵ˵䡣
ٰ˸ˡ
ûѾ£үӵ¡
ûش𣬾ѾֱӽԺ
Ժڵ˱ϼ޽ʱһ飬ĸ˴Ͻȥȴûס
ӣǲҶ֣ŵ̴ӣŵӣǸӲǡ
ϴҴҳȥյſڣͿվͥԺڣͷĿչ˶һ㡣
ȻĿôž۵ײޣֻİ˵Į
Īһ£һֻҡ
ӣǱϴμʱָİˣҲץסĴ
ĿӾתһȦŵϣ֪ģΪʲôֻ࣬ǻ˸ֵ̣
Ҳʶ˷Ӧʲô£
ɡֵ˿ϡ
ҡҡͷֵ˵һԡ
һЦ˵Ц˿κ⣬ζ񣬿þɫ̫ãҲˣʲôӦ
޹ڣûʲôֻû뵽δѾǷ˵ңүʵ
һʼûķӦǰԺӼҶȻֻ˵ģģ
ʶã²Ȼˣ
ӣھüʱѾһۣүֻǵĳ⺢ΪΩǨŭšûүĻ¡ǳ⺢ӣֱ˵ͺãôһڮٸ˵ģ
İƿڣΪԼһѾΣʱ̴ӿȥ˷ֱ𳯾ϳ֡
˳̫죬˴
ʶеļҶӶǰ浲ȥ
̴ȴڵ˽ǰһص󣬷·ոմδ֡
ҲոһĻŵòᣬȻع񣬸Ҫ𣬾°˵һࣺȷģĵĺǺү㰡
˳ſȥԼǰͭǽڣǰͷֻˣԱһþˡ
ɫף뿪ڣȴû᣺˵үҪ֮λ
ſںүտںүһǳӲˣ׶Ằ𣿡
죺ԭһأһϴξ˵ĺѾϾӹϵء
ָ㡢ˡ
ȴһϲ˵ʲôүЦҪǶϾϵҲˡ
þ񣬿϶֮λģôˣ
ɫԻ£ûˣ֮λȻҪѡѡ𣿻˵ҲҪλãûҲҪܲʤλãܱʺϡ
˵ıУϣǰͲסС˼ѹֲסǷϻ˭˵Ҫλã
ѿڶǲҪ
ҿԲҪλҴģ˭
û뵽һ˾ȻΪϴӵλãϴѾˣ
ϼæ򾰰ἰΩþٴζҡӵλø˾
үǰ˵õġ
ü뵽ɫĳҲѣ϶Ѿûˣ֮λô
Ҳܣĸǰү׿Ӧ֮λֻҴġΪ游һҲүסλá
үλܱܲס˵λˣӲţ⻰˵ǲǲ
꾰õȢĸʱݲûܣΪݲүս죬кǵ
۾һ˾Ѿ̫С
Ȣĸݲסλãûб˾λ߽
ʱŵฺպλĺӡ
Ҳȥĳŵͷ۲ѣ񡭡˵ʵǲԼҪ֮λʵɱЩԼ˵˵ѧʲУҲУλ㣬סΪѾãӵλøܣ㣬ǰְԺطȥΪܽϸһְһȫΣ
Ȼ־ǵļƻô˵Ҳû취
ڸߣҪѺϵ췭ظ
˰ɣװױ˾һְ
˭֪һڣС
òʹȥûˣѵ㵱ӣԼ𣿡
ǲУҲûҪ첻߿ڡ
㲻ҪҲӣѵһӵ𣿡
һλӣһӡ
ĵЦ浱Ǻûˣ
ȻС˵ˣҴλãǾֻҴġ
ס⻰ʲô˼
ֲõԤУȻһڣ˶ɵѽ֮λֻҴġǸλҲֻġ


25 
һ
һˣ
ûҲ֪, ֪껰ŵģ֮λҴ, ˭Ҳõ, Ըˡ
, þͷƤ飬žĺ￩һ¡
Ӱõ
֮λûλãүҲɣ
ӣ
ƫƫõϾСۣһ
Ҳŵ, ͷһʶ, ϾģҲ˸, ΪΩ׺Ϻˣ
˼תÿ, λøΩǶԷ᳹λûˣ˾Ω, ѾǸˣռλá
ȹɱˣ߾ѾвΪ, λûɱҲǲС
Ҳô˾οү˼, ֮λ, ϴճְλҪıġ
˵ʲô, ǰѹ˵һüɡ
̾ϢһֻˣΩûǾʱ˵ɡֻΩλǲǻɸɱְָ
ҲвӣҲӦ
Ƕ˵ü۹˾УĿĲ࣬ȹʱϲ֪᲻Լôɿڡ
籾Ӧñӣֻϧһֱã񷴵Ǹᡣ
ſڣ֮λ磬û֮ΣԺǱһ¿ְָ˵ģȻӣְ͸ˡ
Ϊܾû뵽һڴӦˣаӣʥ̸ּʱλξ͸޹ˡ
ΪһأɿϷᾡ⡣
ĿĴﵽǰһֻۣϣʱǲҪڲźãɴδ׿ڳϹˡ
һʼǺΪôɣöˣͷ¡
ʵֳûȻǺԺ׫ִܿճνְ
ϵ̣Ҫˡ
ֻһֳûҲסˣҲȷá
û⣬ȴôȥʱˣԺİֳʱ򷴵ǳԿ
ֳİΣҲ˴㡣
Ӻ뿪
ȥ
ƺǸָ߲Ĳֻ֮ҪãʣڲĶҲܿʼ
ԼἰΩһ²ȷʱѵûһھܾ
֪Ѹ߲ĺѾĻҪɱֳ˻ûҵֳֻܼ
Ҳֻȫġ
׳նϴδӦүپһˣͬεģԸԺүˡ
ͬ⣬ϾȻû£󲻿ܱ֤պĲٴֵĲ顣
һٳָ߲ϻûܰ쵽
ȻĻ˵ڣͷδܸоӴĿ⣬ǿ˿ڣӦ
һֱи³һ
ֻû꣬ٴοڣһҪ󡣡
һ㶣ʳڣʲô
ֲұֳĿ⣬䣬Īãڸ䣬ÿ㱾塣
⣿
գǱߵĶܿ죬¾ڣҲҹζ࣬˿û顣
Ҳ뾡Լ׶Ūְ˵ɱѧʲ϶ܸС
ʵԼҲûףֻһ׼ŪְĿҲһ޳ɣﻹⲨ׬ְλס֮λ
һλǲǰλøȥȵʱջˡ
ǲ죬ʥּˡ
ΪһֱϾΩһֱûᣬ䴫Ϊ˲öһЦרŽͣŴӵʬ
͵Ϊ˶õܣԼˣֱô̫ཫʥּȥ
һֱעŹĶŲʥּҲõˣڹǰһд̫棬ֻǵõϢȥҲûţ̿ӱ޸ȥ
û̽Ϣڸڡ
ʱһֱֳ壬˿úܺãҲκκ֢
Ҫ¶Ωû£ȴֲĺõô죬죬Ωÿ컯ױΣɫͿʣµĻֶһҩܶӰ졣
һʥּ¶͵ƱػҽʱװһҲ˵ùȥ
ʥּǰʱ̫࿴Ҿʹ˸顣
û취λʵǲǵģ̫ӵӶοǣ
̫౻̴ӴųԺȥʱӶͷ亹ֱð紫ģԾӲһֱӶԺˡ
⻹ǽˮ¥̨ϾԼﻹ˵׼
̫İŹؾظű쵽ԺĶԺԺڣ̫ϸɤ𣺡ʥּΩǰּ
̫ԼôӦûŴӵλǰ
ôûͷһμֱǸλġ
˭̴֪꣬ûӵǴ򿪷ˣȴû֣Ƿڴһͷܹܽһˣ̫㡣
̫һ㶣ǿ̫ˣϾֻһλԼܣô֪öӱλ
ˣ϶ͷˣĵطǰˣֻЦ˵öԣӵȷ̫㣬ӼҾͽȥּ
̫ʥּ̧̫߽䣬һȥֻҩ˱ǣŨζü
̫ûֳֻɻҲû˵λӲ˰ôصҩζ
ĿվһԵľϣչһĴսںҲԵλӳüەi㣬ֻǾվһ
̫кҪּȴֹֻ̧󣬵ܹܸɡ
̫ࣺȥĶ
δȴ̫񣬾Ѿ᷿ȥԸȥ
̫һʥּС̫Ҳͷ
һ˾͸Ŵͷľƹ磬ңͷ߸ãͬʱҩζҲŨ
̫ô˼£ھͣºŷǸǰãʲôȴھÿǰڴϵʱɵۣ
̫һʼûϳһӵǸ꾩ľӡ
ΩǺӣ״ԪɣǰְԺ׫Ȼְλߣǰ;ɹģǾгģԼ¡
˿ǰȻģҲ̫㲣ݲ԰ңֻһ˫ƽ˿Ŵ̫࿪˿ڣɳ·һ̾Ҫ࡭ܹһˣ桢Ұּ
̫ģһʱûӦŶŶԶ԰ּ
תȴת˰Ȼֹһ͵תͷȥϵˣ˲ë㡢Ǿˣ
˲ǿ
ŰּС̫Ҳವ̧ͷȶƼϵˣһŵùڵϣ
̫ŰӣѹƣԺֻһͷˣ
׼ȶ侲ſڣܹˣҴ粻ǹˡ
̫ݶڴˣɡɾ˲ǡѾ
̾Ϣһɫįѹû뵽׾Ͳôʣֱ統ǧ취籣ʱ򣬸׾ȻҪʬ壬ҵʱըˡûױ˵ҸδôмѪҵʱҲûͰ˸ˡ˭֪ˡ
̫ڻָϸһƣȻ㲲٣ϸüǾˡ
ǻ˵Ҳûô£ֻǡⶼʲô°
̫ͣĽĻһ飬ڹ쵽ܹܵλҲǳصģܿͻعʶʲô̲ס࿴һۡ
ֲλ࿴䴫һģλڲ׾
ԳºԷһߵȵģԲνǽŵ̫Ӹ֮ڡ
ԼٶȴʱڲϧΪֵܶ˱ݻ
ߵȷδ˵ҲֻΪںһĿڵλãôȲϺãΪ
ҲûҽкҰᦰ׵£š
̫̲סʳͷ죬Ұᦡ
̾һһʼΪǼ޻ֵܶ˵ףֱӸ״¶˶öɥ˷˭֪̣Ȼⱳˡ
Եͷ߶ᣬүҲͰðЩҲͶһ̡
̫ࣺ˭Ҫ˵ԶǼٵģǼٵģ
Ϊ˺ˣᦶң⻹ʲôģȥһҪúϣ
Ȼй£ȷ˶ûȻȷȷֱã⻹ǡ
ϵʱ˵̫أҲȷܾܲȻֻɻҽҲ֪Ļ˭ҪҴ磬¶ԷɴཫƾͼҲǱΡȻһ壬һʱ仹Ҫúţƫƫڹǲ˵ĸԼҪΪӣš
û˵̫꣬඼
Ϊڡʬδ̸ӣֱԽӵӣôЩص
̫οֵҲǼֺү£治̫׵ӷģȻصӼҶʵ౨ϡ
л˳ݹȥһӡ
̫ЦֻۣЦйάʥּʹ˸Ͻعϡ
ֻǸյϸľ̫ζһۣһ˦˸Ͻعˡ
һۿľսȴֱӾ֮⣬ֻܻ˸
ջظʱûУܼͻȻܽү²ˣ
鷿Ÿıְ£üʲôôçײ
ܼ˹ڵϣɫɷףû
ʲô˵ʲôôܣ
˶µģͷ߶ˣôûϹܼһҵ飬֪뵽ʲô￩һ¡
ʼգδϴʬ壬ΪõʱϴһǾԻ˵ġ
ǽ˴ӹŹؾȻأ
⵽ô£ٵǰקסܼҵ½
ܼҽ̫ȥּ͵ۣҽǰȥ¶˵ˡ
үһ·ûţǰ䲼ӵĴ̫عʱԺԺѧʿҲ鷿Ҳһҽ¹ˣ⻰ѧʿ˵ġ䶼ˣ˵ǡǡ
ʲô
˵Ƕ˵ģ˵뾡취ȴʱүȴǰҪʬ壬һҧˣûôͲԼġ˵֮ҰᦣʵΪ˶ڱģүԼôһˡܼһһʮѴϢһԳ˵Ҫ˵ȶϾûҼ
ðֱߵһƿˣˣӶƭ
ȴҲҵ飬Ҵٴǰȷ
ʱ򣬹ҽѾΩ
ҽȽȥ澰ΩȼĻҲǾ
˳ʱһҽģǴĶѹҰΡϾôһγѪ϶ֹסɣԵãͻعˡ
лͣȻҲû˸븮
ҲûĴ򣬾ȥҪʬ壬ôƶѾˡ
˲û
ҽɫ԰㲲ľˣȻӣôǻš
ҽܿѧʿףֻǵǴ̴ļˣ廹
ѧʿӦֻ˵仰ᵢ̫á
ѧʿϧŵģ֪ΩµãŻţôҲۿһۡʱҲ˾Ҳ밲οһ£úþͼغԺǰλҲúš
ѧʿ᷿Ҳ󣬹Ȼյ⣬̫࿪˿ڣӣþӼҽһˡ
͵Ȼֻô˵ģ֪˻ŵʱȻ⣬ϲһʵ۾ô
Ľ͵Ҳ˵
ϾһеԴͷǻǶɱģ޻˾ֵܣҲ¡
͵Ϊ˱ִȣҽΩãһǾþһˡ
񾰴ȻҪúţҪĽһˣǽһҲõû
ǣͳ˴Ϊ͵һ
һ˸յſڣֶһݻۣƽʱ빬һ
һǰ񣺡ūżү֪үҪУ
ܼ⣬Ϊش𣺡ү˵ˣ¼ȻүҲ֪ģӦһͬ͡
̫ͷƤ飬λĲ¶ӽܷ
뵽ĴţҰǼٵģ϶ġ
ֻ̫ӲͷƤǰ
ѧʿΩģˮ¸ɴ˲ˡ
û뵽һ˵뷨϶š
²빬߲Ѳ黹ûȶԼӦˡ
Ȼ¡
ɿǱ߻ȷĻûҵڹۻĲܳ¡
ûã鷿⣬󾰳һ뾰·ꡣ
һɻĴɫѿֻǵȶǰͷ̽Ŀ˻


26 
һ
¡һ, ǲʱ̡
ȴֱֱ̧鷿, ȫˡ

͵һǰͷλ, ˼һ, ҲѾˡ
ﾰ౻˽䣬λҪġ
ˣȴֻ۾ˡ
ˣӾȻҲֻû̫ˣ
͵ɫҲ̫ã˵, Ҳú
һĵմ, Ȼˣ˼ͷ, ȻսȨ˼ǿ⾰е, Ȼô׾ˡ
Ǿ빬ҲҪͷ
͵û뵽һ˽鷿, һۿΪ׵Լ۴ݰꡣ
͵ۣ
һʱΪӡ
͵ۼȲʵ۶ţȴȻǸ䡣
˼һȻԷǸǰͷ㲻ҲͲʲô
û뵽⾰, ҪţǵϴҲǸŵġ
ϴΪ˵ҲҪһˣʱû, , ͵ԭѹ΢
ȻǸģܼϡ
, ޼ǵû˻빬岻ʣ㱼ĺá͵ۿΪġ
ȴﾰ޷ӹԼ֪ڡ
͵ãȻô˵ˣŰɡ
Ҳû̧ƽʱ빬ʱλֳ򢣬üֻôɢţҲһѹ
ĽǶȸպƵǾ
ڸĬĬһþڵסԼһЩʧ̬ôţܾԼǴ׵ĸ
Ǹƴޣ֪ʱͻҧĲ
͵۵ԲᶯˣҪģһԭĴ㣬ºͲ١
Ⱦ͵ϸŶԷҵģ˵ֳû£Ȼû£Ǻιʣ
ȻȴǴһ顣
ۣηʥղҿ̽ϣӲʱֳһߣҽǰҲ˵ȲءֻôһλֳԳװмӣӲԸֳôûˣɴҽ
ҽ˵ֳеļܰγѪֹסʹһҲȶɳӲģɴԼ֣Ȼҽ㣬ûˣӻһԡ
Ҳֳ󣬾ôŸȼգͦ˹ȥȻûΣգЩҪֳĴͽ֪ȥϲֳ֪ܻܲҲû˵
˭֪ȳһֱֳ߲粽뼸գȴַ䶼ڴ˵ֳˣáˣҽƣ߱ʹֳ֪ܻܲʱ
˵⿴˾һۣŷ߷ߣĲΪӳĵĸף涼û϶ֳĺүҲûͣϵʱֳĻֻ⡣
¾Ҳûᣬ͵͵õ档
͵굹Ҳûǰôô˵Ҳ˵ùȥϾʱȷǺʼ
͵۲˾һۣ⸸׵Ŀɲְ
ͼòУֲҺҲ죬ϽڣϣϳԩʵǵǰϳΪɵʱҲû˵
Цһ㶼϶ֳȲֳĲ׸ԼĺıôȻͲֳ˲źá
㣡ӣ˵ʲôҧгݡ
ۣԵĲֵ쾡£ǰ˵ѾϾϵˣǺ÷Щ⽫ϣ˵һ䣿
һ㶣Щ顣
ǰ̸ָȷֶߣֻǺ׻ǸƫһЩΪҲĬ
ϾѾϴˣ϶ûϢֻʣ
˭֪ϴû
͵ϲԣȴΪ죬ⷴӦģ
⾰ǳһǡס
ôһλһǴĺӱϣԺץѱο⾰ȷá
͵ʱڣ˻棿Ǻĵӣ㾹լ¶㲻ηĳ͢ˣ
ɫһ䣺ϳϳ
͵ۿģԼĹ⣬һͬʵĺáˣˡ
ĿĿɲ⣺ϣ֮λ
͵۲һۣôʥּģ㻹Ҫڲɣ
ɫһףһϣϳ˼롭ֵܶ˽ӻغϾסҲ
ֻǾ⻰˵꣬оһƵĿ⿴ԿȥպöߡƹɭȻһЦž̶ĺģЦҲޡ
Ī˸ˡ
ϽڣȻҪĻϳϳҲֻǿôһ˵
͵۰ͲֱȢ븮Կ󣺡Σ
ȴǿ򾰳ֻǲ֪СԸԸգ
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͵ۣҲǣΣ
͵͵Ӳ˲ͷϳûΩĲΪء
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ۣӣװֲ̿ӵȷ˵Ҳֻǲѧ˵㶫ûô
Ŷ㶼дʲô͵ۿڡ
Ϊպ׼ٵһЩҽҲֻƤëҶ࿴˲ҽ飬ҲȨɻҽδ뵹ֳܻȻ󲿷ֶǿش򣬳ֻǸѧһЩ
Ǿǰ˵õģǸشȻľΩشǱ߰æ
ȷ͵ζһ䣬ҲûˣǿԻȥˡ
һ˳鷿ճϲȵ˹ſڣǰסҪľ㡭
תޱ鿴žȫǳǰĻүѾõ֤ʵȻƫӣȻѾܲΪֳûֱ࿴˰ɣүȻˣǾͲҪȫ֮ǰ֮飬ͬ裬Ժ󻥲ţ⡣
ò᣺ȻˣΪϴ֮λ
Цһңֳֳ˭˵ֳҪϾϵˣֳᣬ󻹻غӣԺ󡭡ȻҲǺү
˵仰ᾰòģֱ뿪ˡ
뿪Żعӣӣ⵱ӵĻûأͿʼźүλˣˣ
òᣬǰצ󣬵Ϳһ飬һȴպö󾲾Ŀ⡣
ԭ鲻þ˸ܻģôô֡
ֻǵȶĿ⣬֪ΪĪΪڣڣô˳ʵ󲿷ֶΪжԷϲô˳
鷳үһˣӸġ滰Ҫ˵ġ
ѾջĿ⣬ۣһʱþ飺㻹Ƿ㣬ҲǰԼѡ
Ȼô˵ǸмģϾûжԷֵͱĻ֮˸Ūˡ
ô˵Ȼǰ֮ǣɺϵΪҲü˵ʲôӦ
ʱһۣļڣȻǺϵ££ṩ
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İ취ͷϣͬģô˵ˣ͵Ҳ϶õİǾҪӦĴۣѾӦŵٶ࣬պǸ㲻塣
ԺȫҪ׿ߣ̶̯ԺҪô
һʱ̫ӣ³һٸ̫ӣҲվ̫ߣƱҪѡһλѡ˭һ⣬һҪ
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ͼïһֱٴֻ֣̽ϧһֱûܵõõϢЩܵ͵ÿյҲ򵥣ȥµֵֵͻظ
ڸڵһҲ򵥣ԼԺӾ鷿ȥ밲
֮⣬ٳݼˣԷЩҲἰλ䡣ͬģҲԵڿջλüмΪر
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Щʱմ̽ôƺֻʣϣߡλŮӡ
ûȾ̫̽Ҫˡ
ٹҲЯҾ죬ҲܵԼ
ʹΪǰôڹҲ˿Цɸڹܼǰ
ӣҪϾϵǺӣӦһ
ǾֻɶӴΪϯȻү˵ˣĲԸһ˺ǾֻáӴӡܼ˵ЩʱһСŭ˶¡
ϢˣۣүοһССĺܼҡ
ȻԸþɱϯҲƣҲڻ빬ΨһӽֻᱻֻɵĻᡣ
⣬⣬ٹٶߴգýӴЩԱ
ǺǲһϯӣǸշģҲǰףأѱ֡
Ϊ˵ףа
ܼԭΪҪȰһ˵ӾʹӦˣһʱ仹ţ
ü⣿ȥүǰһڹţᵢ빬ʱ
ܼһл㱻˺꾰ٴУСǲǡʲôأôôžȻô׾ʹӦˣ
ģôľǰЯҾ쵽˹ſ⣬ʱѾ˲ٹ١
һϽ
žһһŮӾɱճŮ羲
羲ʮ壬ԼǣɫЩ㲣⼸ҲûôԭȵİһֱΪݺܶһڹŮ档
Ŷȥֱӱ˳ȥûʱ䶼ûô
ϸպóδ빬Ҳϵܻһ
һ뵽ڳɱ֮λ䵽Ƕϴ˵˹˼࣬ǺãҲ˽ȥ
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ʱǺûᣬ̾ϢһǺҶⲻǰȥ֪˵ǻţ⻹ֹҪȵʱǺԴȻǵģҲΪֳԹ
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ϿҡͷҲû˴һأǼŰɣһԺˣȽɣ𵢸ʱ
պñ𸮵ҲˣΧк
ּѸոǷ˵һ顣
ﻰǾۣǳڹš
뾰ͬҲѯʣֻ̾һֱ֣̬Զ׼ӳ˵öġ
Ҳ첻˵βТʱͻȻһ
Ϊ̫ͻأԭ˵һ˷ԳǸȥ
ʱͿһСӣΪֻͨһţΪļҵȴ빬ŮҲû̫⡣
Ҫһң϶бǣͨͨʲôûУҲûע⡣
Ҳֻǿۣմͷȴʱ򿪽һӰ˳̧ͷ¶һŕi˫ݣЦȴ
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ϣ
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ӣ¸ʮһ-ԼԤġ
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İ
׳к֪ԼһɷĴֻΪǹܡ
Сù˾
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ǹܵһ˳죬ȴ԰׳к򱻶ߵˡ
û뵽ֳۣȲ֣׳кԭֱ̯߬ϡ

СֳһƽƽѡĿɱĺѹѣ
·ˣİɣҪ˭ô󵨣
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·ˣ˧
գ˰пͷĶǹɣˣ
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˺үͷ˰ʱСһߺһǰ֪ҪÿĻգ۹, ⲻ˶в׻˵ú, ѵ, ֻѵԽԽ˵ġŲѴϡ
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Ŷһ뿪ûüܵŮ羲
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׼һ㶣û뵽ôӡ
׼ǹʦ̫磬װĺ¡أһϮɫĹʦۣü۳ĵ忡׿Ȼ
ֻǾէȻƼ׼ģһܾ׼ųú죬ǵʶ֡
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ַˣҲ׼ŵڻ˲ǡй䵽˴Ҳɡ
ܿ죬ǰЩһ̧ۣԶʯ·ͷǰȻվˣһˣ֡
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͵۵ϣ䣬𣿡
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ڤһ򲻺ͣҲܽĺ幵꾩ôꡣ
̫ϴɱǶ̫ͻʺ֣ǻʵӦ̫ӳ֡
һ̫ӳ£Ϊ͵ۺĴѡ̫иʲô⣬վ⼸ӵĳӱضԴУǸûᡣ
ԭȶĳþΪ̫ӳٴηָɼɣһڤֻҪ֮ɡ
ֺĺ幣ĺıĿԸ
ϾҶ꾩ϳû˳ڤ
ʲôѱĺϣΪĺ
ʲôһ䣬ϧСĺΪ飿
벻ͨɴཫïĹֵϢԼһ顣
ÿٶǹ̶ģûʲôرģǵ͵ѹ벻ᶯ˱Ѵ˼
˶򵥣ǰƼҲû⣬ҲڴԲסҵϧĲ·
ݱҪ㣬һ˷ˣһֿԣǾǸ顣
ۣԺģĮ·ֶ޹ء
ǹ¼ҹһ
Ҫ˵飬Ǿֻʣ¶ʮǰȢ֮Ϊݵ΢ҲԸԷתˣŵδȢ
˹鱡֮봫еֽȻͬевڶʮǰľ
˵ȫǸŮӼᡣ
Ժʲô͵ֱ壬ΪӦ󣬵һԵİصһ죬һԣҲ۵õһ
⶯ԭĿ󻺻ۣЦˣȻû뵽̶ֳܴȡ
ո̫רעһȣͿһǸˣ붯û뵽ǲү徻
һ۲δڣֻĬĬžŲλõİ鷿ܾˣ뵽˵ĵӣҲܱ͵ŵġ
ŪȥͻȻ뵽ʲôߵĻһתͷԣŵòᡣ
ôһ˵˭֪ԷȻӦˣ
⻰ŶԷ˫˲ٵʣô̫񣬷ģƼһϺõ⡣
Ҫۡ
ȴǰһЩ⣺η˺ôĻ̫ϴɱȫϲȣˡ
ǹô˵ģϲ͵ۣ֮͵ԽǲãӦøá
ȻԭķΧͲ٣һۣ֪ˣŵˣҿ̽ʥգ㵨ӵǲС
ûת⣺λҲǸպǸʱڹ⣬ǼĻˡ£ɵĿͣȫֻǵģص˺ͱڤӡ
Ըоﻰֲ̽²͸֪Щʲôü𣿱Ǿùʦɡ
һڷүĪҪЦǳпܣʦҲûܡ
һǼ׼Ϊ˴ϹᣬΪôһ󲻵յĽ֣׼ôܻԴ
ĪǲӶԹʦͦ˽⣬ǲôŶԷ
ӣֱӵһۼүҲүǸһ
ӲԼ͹ʦһһɴû
Ҳ⣺Ӿ˺ʹɸ󣬵ʱӺ͹ʦȥʱǺ˵ʲôֻǹȥǸĿ˵ġ˿ԵͣϾû¡
Ҳû£ǴӣΪڤӣ̫Ҫû˻أ֮λһճ϶ƳþƣʱһңڤȻ֮˵һ֡
ԭֻȴ⿴˾һۣȻû뵽ܾ׼µĺ⡣
ЩҲǽ̺ɳȥ˵ݵϵģȻлȴû֤ݣȻֻǵƾһͲµˣ
ۣ˳žĻʵŶ֣
ֱ壬ڹյʵˣ˵˺ʹɶԱȣӿ϶пܣ֪ô£ƺϲˣ̫£̫̣ʱ򡭡ϾȻĹ˵Ļ£֣̫ˡ˶ʮˣȢȢޣƺҲûϵɣ
ЦˣתôһȦ֪ʲô°Ǳ⡣
仰۾һ¼ź棬˵ˡ
ү⣬㵹˵˵
ΪżԽԽŲԭ˲٣ƿڼϾĳΪŮȢʱʱ빬һ鲻ѵģĲȢȢޣ
һʼûӦʶʲôŵɴֶۣʮǰ˲תˣ˹


28 
һ
ó͵ôŭ, Ȼӡ
ʮǰ빬ʥ費˥ġֻһǾǡ
һֱصҲûع񣬻л㱻صԼԺ, ֱΩžѡ
ֲõʱΪϯԼһ, ԭҲǵ
鷿͵۴ϲյ, ˺ôȢ޵¡
ǾôҲû뵽ģ־ǣ
һֲϧҡѴĺ幺ĿԸˡ
ĺӦץסʲôѱܵвѡвܻܿǣ
ֲܻð¡
뵽ֵһֳµĶ֣ͬ顣飬ñ˵Ϊĸѳ, ̫Ƕ
, ôû˯ͨһлָ, ֳʱֳ
Ω˯, Ͼǽ˵ǲμ, ƽû취绹˳ôصô٣
Ҳμӹ磬ûôá
±͵ۻɴ鷿£ֻ˵д̿ŵ
Ͼ̫´Ҳס, »ʱֳġ
Ωסڹд̣ʲô˵ô󣿳ˣ
ҡͷû£ʱպȥܹ̿¡Ҳֻ̫˵̫ˣĵû˵
˵Ǵɱ̫, ̫겻, նΪ, ôɱ͵۸ʣεǳ̫ġ
̫ǲֻ˾û֪ʹˣ̫Ҳ취
̫ܲˣס֮λĿǰֵֻܶˣҵĻ֮취εΣ֮취ѡһһ·̫Ǳųѡ
ߺܿЪˣȴһƬƻͨ
þµˣʱһţ̫ʺڳ͵Ϊϯ
͵һҲ˴󲿷ֽŵµʱ̿һ˸ȼݵʱ䣬̫Ӳ̫ܲʺ
ϴ̿Ͷǳ̫ģһѷ䶼̫ȥˣ̫ӵ̫ǰͷ˭֪Ŀĵ̫̫ӣԵȾȼݵ˹̫ˣʢװ·࣬ԸտʼҲûƳزء
ҽһһȺҹ̫Ӳ
̫ΪʧѪֱ࣬ϱһ˿ɼǣ˲Ѫ˵ϵľϻһҲᣬֻҪ£Ҳû֮ǡ
ʺ·ȥ̫󣬵̫ҽһֱڶ
һӣʺɫ̫óģӰһֱȵҹҽǳҽƼʺģֻ̫ӣæ񣺡ʺº鸣죬ѾסֻҹǻᷢȡֻѪƹأҪúý
ʺã
̫ҽ¡
ʺû˵ʲôȴǻһתδ̿ͻû̫Ϊ˾ȱ̫̣ТĿɱΪԷΪ̫ڴڼ룬̫ӵ黹ǲҪ˵ˣֻ˵ˣ޴󰭡
̫ҽһ㶣̫˵ȷȥǵµĻ˼Ҳģɻ
ʺǲ⣺˵ġ
̫ҽɿҲԸ£Ӧºһ뿪˶
ʺſߵ֣ߵõָʾܿ뿪޵
ʺ̧ÿӿſԼֱϰŴƬɴ̫ӣüͷ塣
̫ŲǿƫͷȥɫףԭüѵöЩĸһֱҹͷһůɵĴ˶ỽһĸ󣬶û¡
ֻ̫Ӻֻû˵ڣʺׯüʧ벻ϲ̫ӣ̫ñʧˡ
̫ӻѪҺٴȴŴǱ߬ţðβŴۣס۵һԳĸϿովȻΪΪ
̫ӺðβŻָ糣֪
ʺһԣ̫ӣĸҲǷҪôɽҲˣ̫ٳȻΪǸ˰·ϯ˲ɸҪƵġһһĲòֵĻģȴʲôĶλȡ֮ȶӵǻ㣬ĸҲ䲻úã㶮̫վߣĵǳӾܱΪ
̫⻰Σɼʹ֪ΪãСҲżܵһĸĹģÿζǱĳ
̫Ӵۣ֪ĸΪãǶܣƽʱϰ˺ú󣬶㣬ĸʧ
ʺ⣺ĸ֪Ǹúӣֻ̫ĸʧˣǹ㶼ˣڹ̿ͣǻεƣĸѾ̫ҽ˵ֻˣΪݵһЩվϳĪҪöƳߡ
ʱô˻㸸ǰɣҲͰ׷ˡƣĪҪ̫ҽ˵ôأ˼ҩҲõÿһЩ
̫ӷֱ߬оһƬӦ£ǡ
ʺ⣬ûȥ̫ӣתʱ»ָׯģ˻ڼݻع
ֱʺһ˾뿪̫ӱϢſҲû˸š
޵⣬͵͵￴ۣ֪϶ȥڡ
Ͼһ˵ʱʱҲױ򶯣ʱԲȥùͷ
綼˵ʺ̫ӺӣֻпĻ֪ʺ̫׸ûаԣͿʼϿֶζԴ̫ӡ
ǹΰ첻߳͵ȥôȴ̫ӵĽһ
̫ٴһЩûˣȴҲɱס
ڻʼң̫Ϊõ٣ͬҲܵѹÿ̫Ӽʺ󣬶ܵһҲȻˡ
ݺòۻŽ̫ӵʲ˷룬Ѱȥ̫ǰˢڸС
̫ӺܿΪֻ˯ˣۼˣָоϤʶһֱţ·ˮС
ˮɵһ˲䣬̫ӷ·εǰ̵£꽭ϣ˫ĿΪ嶾ɲܿɵʱһȴ·ٴδϡ
ֻһȴ쳣̫ӾԼ·ˮۣĺˮУһγ
ֱ˽ǰiݳߵЦÿɤ·ܸοеʹ¡
̫͵ۣǰһʧʶѲſ޵һ̣һ̣һðҩ̫ӳôţŲ£áúҩˡ
̫Ӳ֪ԼΪʲôεǵһΣ˶ѣοѾݶ顣
һ̫ǿѹҪƷҩĳ嶯ۣĮŬ壬ͷ亹ֱðûоֱۣҩ룬һӻȥȥ֣ȴǱҹɫҪ˵䡣
ݱڶȥ̫ǰˢڸУ̫ҪΪɣл˵ͬʱЩҲһ⡣
һնü̫ӵ档
͵֪̫Ϊ̫󡢻ʺ˱ҲƣһҪ̿ͣһֱã統ã͵۵Ҳû˵̫ӡ
ȥƣݹϢ˵ֻСˣЪͺãϻʺҲרŹһ˵˴£͵ҲֻʹЩ˴޼䣬Ҳˡ
̿ºܿ˶ߣʱһֶš
ոΩ壬ָĲһʱǰû
һͳ죬ôô£ΩҲţɳôʿֻΪҪɱ̫
Ҳţͳ쵱µʱͱ͵۸ˣ󽫾佫ģӦò
佫ǵֳ͵۵Ԫϣ佫ĵŮǹе׹ϵ佫ܵó͵Ρ
Ǿֺ֪ĺ˽£ҲпΪ˷λ̫֡
ȻҲ󣬱Ͼʹû̫ӣ滹ĶӡĻӡ
統̵һʼǱѹģֻģ˵д̣䲢ֻ֪ΪһѰĴ̿͡
ⳡɱĽܳ͵ôģǳ͵ͬ佫Ľͳű˴ͳ챻ְ
û̫³֣õ͵һνúļȫȨ̫ӡ
ʱҲûţ֣һйľٶ֪ͨ
ïȥ鵱£
ֺĺ干ٶ֣ԷһʱҲûţ취׬һЩ֣ҪͷٿԱ
ոմصܼ͵ӣү롣
ȻʱÿյӦĶȥ壬л˵һ
Ժ⣬˽ǰܼͣǰүöһ˽ȥ
Ҳûൢ飬̧ܿ˽ȥʱԺӺϤ·˷ǰѵԺһ̴ӶûС
ǰߵţү
ﴫʲô
̧˽ȥȽȥû̧ԸоһĿϣ̧ۣһ˫۽вӥĿ
Ÿ߲⣬ϴμʱԷѹû뷨ôͻָˡ
ʱһֱù˳ƺֻ߲֪ԷݣתͷбԵ󣺡ү
߲ѾĿ⣬ƼֻһɣüĿͲ١
󳯸߲ķ̧̧°ͣκΪ߲һ档
תȥ
߲ЦЦӿĳһ򣬵һ
ֻЦЦ
߲ԾȴǺ棬һʱˣֻ˼ֻ꣬ܶҪָ
ϰ֮ˣָҲ졣
ֻǻҪĶأһֱûռλ˵ҽ뻯ѵĶӡ
߲ˣһʼүἰĶǾ裬ϾͻȻðôһˣ֪Լ£үܲ鵽ġ
һƿصˣţҪôΪãҪôһ󾢵УǸ
Էģĺ֮⣬Ҳᣬͫ峺üͣٴϿǴ֮ˡ
ǾԼһĶˣ߲ԭŵľ˲٣ȴȻûȫ
˵ҽ߳ĳ˾Ƕҽκõģĳܺʦˣ
⡭ˡ˵ʦ˼Ǹ֮ˣ˵Ը͵÷ԸմȾҽҲֻɥĸֵܶѣСʱպûԵɺϰһæΪ˻Žһҽͷʱдǣͽǧ飬˵
ֱ߲ӱ˼ʦ˭Ȼ֮ˣӦǸӸˡ
߲ڵĶȻʼûҲƣѯʼȴǰûʳ̫õϢǶԷԸֻ֪ѹͷľ裬Ȼȥˡ
ĿǰλӶү޺ġ
Դү󣬸߲ٲκˣҪСүȫȻԸκһ⵼Сүܵ˺
֮󣬾³һ̧۶ЦЦüۣү̫γӡ
ȴģɵ͹ˡ⻰ȻҲôһ˵
ŲԼǱȸ߲
νлɷȫٲ֪ǵǰĿǰǻݻĳ̶ȣٻỤȫ
ϾӦΪԼ
ҾֻǸ߲һ£Ǽ棬Ͽܻ
óӽΪΣ⣬£ôûϵɣ
ȴһۣתǰȥס컹Ը̫׼һмˣҲ£ȥ˻СΪΪ̫ӿ˵Ҳ˵ҵҪԸһͬǰ
򴽲⣬̫ʲô˼£Ǵ㽫һɵһΣ
ɲ̫ôĻǵԼνľ֮
Ĳ˵þͺˣרҪȥסգôè壬Īְɣ
û˼أ
ò״ܼˣǾԻ취ȥɣѱʱ򲻻ҵֵİѱ
ֻнֺĺ平׽ܰģѱһ˲ֵֶ֡
뵽⣬һ֪ˡ
ǲǰʱԷἰֺͲµ𰸣Ϣݵǰʱû˸취ˡ
󣺡Ȼûˣ㱾塣
߻£էȻһ㶣𣿡
һۣǰôһҪϢֵһ𣿡
˵Ҳᱻߵİɣ
⻰˵ңÿ챾ҲҪģνˡ
ֻһ̺һֱ̣ϣѣүʱˡ
ͷϣҪȥ£ʱ𣿡
ˣǰˡ
ֻǵȵڶ˹һȥµȻС
˴޵ѹûνĲֻϵԼǰɣ
ϵĻﻰǳԷһֶû˵Լȥû˵˴ǰ˵ġ
̣
ּʰҡ
ҪסգҪһЩϴ
ҪһֳˣȻҪһ㣬ҪͬС
ֺĺڰѱĺ幻ûҪֳ
ĺ幽ȥһԼϣȫġ
˹ſڣͷѾ̵̣ĹԼʿ⣬־»ҲȻС
Ϊ׵һ׻ڸͷϣ߿
̧ۿȥ̫ӳĿ⡣
֪ͷ̫̫ӵɫ̫԰ף͸
üãԼµòϴ̣̫ӵȷƲᡣ
Ϊ˲˿ԻԼʵĹҪ˵̫Тأ踺أ
̫Ƽžȴûڡ
ǰ񣺡Ӽ̫ӵ¡
̫ºͿڣǹµľˣ˿
ɰû̫Ľɶˡ
̫ӽһػﻰԵľ֮ǹģеС࿴һۡ
紫Ų氡˵̫Ӳ⵱ͦӣ
̫ӻǸģǲЩ
˵Ŀ۵ף˵
£ܵõ˳̣һã
̫ӿ׹һжξ룬Ͷӻظһͬ
ϴת˵о룬ɸͲˣרͣ¶ͬǰǰ̣
̫ӹȻԾ
̫Ըµĺ⳼ˣֻǡϴʱΪѣ֪뵽ʲô΢죬үڸеȳӣ²̫ס
һ㶣ȻλĹϵ
ˣ˵̫Ǻ⣬Ͼʾûǲʲô
ǡôĻ̫һ̵ĺ·Ͼˡ
̫ټΪѣͲǱǱˡ
̫Ȼŵģˣֻ´Ρ
ֻЦЦ´Σθ졣
̫һֱȾ뿪ŻתȥǽнԶĳһ˫׻ްĪڳ
ȥֳ׵׼õİȥ
ѾãһһճеĻŵĶյճ衣
վǰźٿԼİһԱȣôԼôң
ʱΪ׵Ļƿ¶ݣ
ҲûǴȫҲҿһһ䣬ֱӵ棬Ǿ͵òʧˡ
̴ֻܼ̫ӵ˻ϣûãˡ
ӹӻûʣΧŲɴᣣԵòͬѰ
ÿһȥδݣǿһˡ
Ѱ۴׼š
Ҳ⣬׼ǹʦμ϶Ҫ׼
͵ôǰ׼Ҳһͬǰ˳ƽ
׼ʱպÿ
ƿ룬׼֡
׼º͵Цʾ⣬ܿ챻˻ߣȥԼ
ֱ׼ŵӰŷþͿһޱ鿴ģ
һôˣ
ջߣɤģӵʦϤ
ӣܲ˵ǵһʶȻˡ
ʦһ˴ڹʦѵôÿõģȻύѡѰɻˡ
Źֿһۣÿãȷ
źÿĹֵϣȻҪ˭ȣλȲģÿɣ
Լ벻֪Լλ㲻ÿ
ӦǺÿİɣλҲԼٰ类ϡ
ŭ󣬸ɴЦЦûش˵ʲôʲôɡ
˭֪ˣһ·϶û
ֱʱ⡣
ȾʱѾһ̴̧Žɽ
󣬹ܼҲͱ˽ӡ
ӣһǰһţþ⣬ΪԼֱɽ
˵ǰİţ᲻һˣֱӳˣ
ѹûܼ˽ԵİţǰͷĽӣܿ˸̴̧Žһ
ԼĽӣֻҪϽǰоһƵĿϣ׼ȥϺһ̴̴ӵķԹ
̫ӾȻλܸŪ̴λˣʲôϵ
ֻ˻һۣ·ѹûϳֱ˽ӡ
ûţʲôǶԷǲѹûϳ
ҪǾһУ̫ӵĶˣôܵ˴
ݻǵǰҵ̫˭ֻ֪̫Ǽڶȴλñᵽ̴ӡ
Ҫţ̴ֻӵݡ
ô̫ӴҵҲǸĻŰɣȴź˵ġ
ź̫ӣֻˡ
ŲܻΣⱲ̫ӵɻʵۣݸ䲻úãûԼĶ鵼µߵ̶ֳȡ
ΪС壬ºԺĶԺ̫ԺʦסڱԺ
⣬ǵסԺӣһƬ֡
˶˿ͷ
Ժƫס᷿һǰһ󱳶ԱлţΪɽɫΪ¡
հѶƿʹķ羰ܼҾ˵ȥһˡ
ıʱЩŹ֣󲻻ɣ
ڵȾȥûаҲɿۣү
ƤֻһҳϵŹϡ
üɻʵʵȥŹˡ
ȹʶһﲻֻʣţҲĴţҪٴϾһ㣬ǲǻԲʲô
Ųǰү֮أҪˣǲǲ̫ã
ɻһۣȶϾĿ⣬ʶʲôЦˣ飬㵱ʲô
һȣôӣ
󣺡˵ʵڴô
æûе¡
µͷҪǲԸͰŴ򿪡
ԭӦĿȻŵһ㶣ʶλǸηģɽϱһЩʱΣˣӾɽе䣬ů͡
ӱˣһ
쳤ڱϣֻҪүװˣ
ֻ⻰˵֪꣬ľ仰ˣֳֻĲˡ
ȴڣԱ߷һӸʽĵģֻҪ̧ۿʱһҳ飬ʱԺȡ
ֻǾԵþˣܼҵڷ𣺡ү̫ˡ


29 
һ
Բû, һҳ꣬ûзҳ
̧ۣ׽, ֪ǲǴ, үôƶ˵ζ
󲻻̫Ϊİɣ
ԼոûΪ̫
ոӲһ̫֡ӼȻ, Ȼöִˡ
͵Ƴһ۱֪һĵģΪ顣
󳤳ŶҲˣȥɡ
Ҳд⣬˰齣һҪߡ
סӲߡ
һ㶣ţ
һ̧̧°ͣ
˳߿ȥڷĵط, ȻиС, һʼΪǶ, Ǹܳȥģ
߹ȥ, һƣӦ
ֻǵȿһ龰, Ĭˡ
һֱӾķ䣬Ժƫֱһǽ֮
һЦĪȣͿһ, ɴûͷϽԼķ䡣
һأͷֱۣƳһǽ
̽ƣû취ߴ, ֻܴǱ߿

֪ʶ, ǻʼԺ, ƽʱ̫ʺʱʱסԺרΪʼƵġ
ԶԺΪסԺƽʱӦǳ͵סġ
ƫסġƽʱҪôǻʺҪôǳ
ͷһΪԼô뵽Ĵ𰸶ͷۣ⻹粻֪
һߣ̫ԭΪᱻܼܿ죬ܼҾͽ˽ȥ
Ŵ򿪣̫ǻС塣
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ģɿڣأȡůķ
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ȴζЦЦⶫԺֲֻһ·Ҳ
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ץץЩҵĳɿҲνȻϲӣүֲĶ䣬֮˵ֻǿţǿҲûɶ
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װһ̴Ӵһȥɽ
ɭϣɽֻǹ澵ĵطȴȻɾ衣
̴ӴžܿѲߵϢһ߽·ȥ˺ɽ
Ϊ˺òɽƬԺĹľС
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˿ڣȴû˵ȥֻ뿪ķճյġ
ģ⼸վܽ½϶»㰲̰ģȴֻһȴ㵼ٲ
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صʱſʼԡºɫЩ뵡üͷţɫ̫á
ڰٷְȷֺĺ幸¡
֮⼸ܺܿĺ幽ڿ϶Ҫʲô
̫ٳĺ幵Ŀľ̫ӣٲҲ̫ӡ
ĺȻԼֵٴδɱ̫ǰȳֳδ֪
ֳһֱֳ֣֮ܵӻΪԼ
һԼˣֳҲôʱóֳͻɡ
ԡȳԼ
ԼοǺһеģ߿϶вٰţɱɱֳѹˡ
ҲһᶼûСʱľǸܺʵĻᡣ
ΪãʱҪ̫ӡ͵Լλһǰ棬ԼֻһӣȻܸš
Ǹʱɱĺʱ
ĺ幺ϴιĨݺֳӦǲϣ׷ڣҲܵд̣ʱ϶˲鲢¡
ϾԼˣԼ̣Լ
ĺӦòѡôֱӵķȻһֲܼ顣
˾üʹҲǾȡǾǺϴλһݺ
Ȼµ˵İ취ҪԱȴǲףϾǧѷ
Ҫܹɹֺܹĺ幵ݺΨһֻˡ
뵽ԼѾǷҪϼˡ
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һֱԺ᷿ǰʯǰùŵȵͷͷڵȵ˶
ϴˮԼȥûô˾Ϣ
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һԵ̴Ӵ۲ȥǰŵϷŵմīɫĽۻɫֻΪɫŸīɫ
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ֻ˵󾰳ûǰԸоһԼϡ
ֲԤУ͵͵̧ͷе̴ӶͷؾվԣĿ˿ϣһüôʹˣ
ʶԼϵ
ˣǸ˭Լˣ
æǰûе£ֻû뵽үͻȻóǰ̴ŵǰչȴһʱѡ
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Դ˿̿ŷ˴ͷ˵ҲֱӴһȦ
Ѿ̯ƹȥ˽ǰʱԲһµʱ龰ôЩ̫ڡ
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ӲͷƤɴȿճһֻֻ֣Ϊ˴󹻵һֵֻ
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˭֪ͷϷٴδ塣
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Ǵҩζңôͷңֵֹܾġ
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ԱͰ״ȥôˣȻûôԿ
ѾöԷʨӴ󿪿ڵ׼ҲȣүʲôҪ󣿡
ܿ쿪˿ڣӸոն˵㻹ǷΪⲻȻǲˣϼʱ䣬ÿźºˡ
ţ⣿
ԭΪ϶ҪǷ
ô㲻Ը⣿üҪ
æҡͷԸԸ⣡ֻÿ촩·˵·λԡҲа
ϾҪĻ֣׬ʵǲףĿǰܱ¶»ó֣ԸѣֻҪ£Ķ˵
Ӧ̫죬Ĭһ˲ܾÿˡ
ߴӦְﾰֵ󣬾ɿͬʱҲûԲΪ뿪ˡ
Ǵߵģߵʲô̲ס˾ܼңƽʱүôϵģ
Ťӣô̱ôĸоǿ̴ôŪģżʶ´θµʱиο˭֪ܼһ㶣ԻصŶƽʱүԼϵ
һ٣
ܼҺ֪ʶԣһ䣺Ҫô̴һһϵ
ŸԼĲ࣬Ҫôະһ̴ӣ
ܼһֱѾ͵ƫԺɿҿӦ죬ҪȻ©ˣӼȻôʣѵүոöӸϵˣ찡Ȼ䴫ģүԶӹȻһ㣡
һߣǴԺӻԼԺӵϢܿݵ̫ӵĶߣʱɫѿ
ΪȥԺȥ磬Բûж˿뿪ʱ˿ˣҲͱôȥôǾҹֱЪķ䡣
̴ӱ̫ɢĺŵæһ䣺µҲֻǿӴ뿪ҲֻϹȥһҲ˵
ֻ⻰˵ȴûõ̫ӿڣ̴Ӹľսﲻҿڡ
ã̫Ӳųڣţһȥ͹档
ʹˣȻֱͨƫܹȥҲֻ˶ѡ
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ҹΪ˸ѹû˯ãǱ߹ʹ㲹ߣֻմϢ͵õ̫ӹϢͷ۲ѣֻǳӣûɲ
´ɫžŵԺ̫ӱվԺеһ¡
̫ӽմһۣüۿĿǳŲͷȥǴǡôЦ⣬ķ羰һĻ
ֻϧӶ޲̫ڸϽûȥߣû࿴̫һۣӼ̫ӵ¡
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趯һǷַǸһЦȴģɣֻǵү岻ҹš
𣿡̫ȴ󣬡С岻õģҹСչ𣿡
£ͿһСûе¡ôǲС
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ԭֻ̫ǰ¶¶ﻹһȥʳ˿̶̫ӽɱ˵ŵûһ飬Ͻڣ£˵Щ˽±ˣЧ治
ݵ仰ɹ̫侲ĿǰδᣬĸҪȻƺҲûôں
̫ͷøӣɺ漸ӶԴ֮λӵ
Ȼֵ£ȴҲǷɣݻá
뵽⣬̫Ŀ˻ֻ̧һ˽ȥ
Ļݿɿźиȥֻȴ޵òУһжķչôͱģʽ
´ŵ쵹ûٷʲô£Ȼ£һֱԼԺӣԼʱ俪ʼɽ
һ˺ƺ뿪ºֱȥ˻꣬һߣ͵۴ŻʺԼλӹٹҲǰ档
ȻͬһȻÿ춼棬ҲûἰֺĺǱߡ
ȻӦҲܻʳԣԾżҲûֳ
ڿ쵽ʱϢۣɨ˾һۣһþͷһʶʲôǰֱ󣬷һƿĿ⣺ôʲô
ˣȴû̫Զ̽ʵүǲϢˣǱʲô


30 
һ
ϢϢ, ôһϢһϢ, Ҫĸ
֪ǲվʱȥǱߵԵ, Ըоûô, ⶼῪЦˡ
ϴһ£λƷŵù
ԣҲ˳˵ǳϢˡ
üҲûգƿڵϢǸǱߵûʲôĺǱ, ȷص˼
Ͳµ, ϶Ĵ𰸻һ, ĺԩ޳, ֻΪп֪ǵļƻҪɱ, ˻ְϵĺ塣
ֱܳģ˭֪ﾹΪһ֮˽޹֮˵
һǺϢأ
ӿ˵߾һֱھϣֻʱɫǺܿͻָ, ȵģͻ治֪ĻΪѾ˵ǧٿײֵ
ҲûɣλӴһʼǰʹδ͸Ҳ鲻ʲô, ˼ɱµĻҪص
ϢĺҪصķѾ̽
棿۵, ⻹ǸϢ, ϾĺôݺֻҪǰ֪ǵĴ㣬һ£˵ֱץ˵ţǵĿĹ֮ڡ
֪˹ᣬΪû֤Ҳ˵򷴶ᱻĺս
ʱ򲻽ﲻζ˵ĿģὫٲ֮ء
ֳֺõ϶
˿˵Ѿ֪ĺ幵ĿģȲʳڣǴôݺӣ
žѵֱ˫ۣķӳԼӰ
峺ףƽʱֳϳɽȻ෴ּµìٳžŕiݡ
һʱ侹ĿһֽɬһʱͷЩָͷŰͫ
һֱԵһʱ䷢󷢳Ŀ⣬ûԼ룬Ϊݺ±ȽѰ죬ҪҪҪЩʱ˿ڡ
ûἰĺô޾ϸĺ幵Ŀ˵˳
;ǰµĲ࣬ĺ幵ȷǴżʱԾ֡
ǲֻǴԾ֣һ˫
ʱ˻ʼ˶̤ԶǵȺڵġ
ĺ幵ȷǴھֿʱԾ֣ҲΨһûôӻֵĻᡣ
ĺЩҲǰ״ģʱﰵ˲ĸ˵ԼԼò˼Ϊá
лһλǻʺеĹŮ֮֮һùãλùñĺȫסĺҲء
ĺΪ˳ǴѪλùöĺ幵ƭݺʺеĹȾ
ʵĺĿǴ㵽ʱùýԻʺù÷־빬Ⱦ󱻾ɱﵽݺĿġ
ﵽݺĿģ˳ùͱø׸ĺûȢλùãù֪̫࣬Ȼܶ
ùÿֻǰݺҶӣĺ广ܳ˳㻹һ˫ùøڡ
ɫÿǹĺݵġ
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ĺͬʱλùã֪鲻٣ܽ£Ҵĺ幣ʱĺȥûôס
ָŰ˼·û⣬ɲҪ͹λӵʱץˣλùҲᱳĺ幡
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һ㶣Ҫùۿĺɱڧ
кβɣֻҪǺ׶¶һȻҪݺӣʱ϶ҲڳǾλùûùñɱһΣҲûκͬ顣
ϾԷ֪ĺҪݺ޹֮ҲԸ⺦һҪˣûôԵ±Թ
ʱΣǾĺ幹ҧˡ
ԭΪԸλùðգû뵽뷨һ£ԹԹ
ЩģֻǺܿת˲ţ㻹û´׶ֶõãʱ鷳ĺȻöذ׵ʱŸѪȲŻɸĴ̼ǧָ
ɿҪԱƱû⣬һļϿʼ
һ˵ʱɫѾ磬죬ҪڻԵĹЪһҹٹһҹ̻ع
ĺݺʱ͵۴˽ʱ䡣
Ϊʵ۳УԼ̫ӻԼ׹ݵȣɭϣߵĻҲ붼ߣʱ򾰳ߵķҲ׵ֵʱ
ǰӦԼʱȥź£εйȻסڣһ˯û㲻ֻҪ£Щš
ڶһˣϴȥ˸ڵ޵һŹ̧ܼ˽ȥ
ֻǵǽȥڵһŵС̫࣬װ
վһԣһǼģҲķ̡
ϾؾʱҲǼͷһμ
Ȼ˲ۣͬīɫԼգ˳ĵüϣֻһ۾η
һʱ侹Щ΢ޱβŹᴹµס
ҲˣȷԼ̫̲סͷʱҲպĿߡ
Щڷѵû˯ã
뵽ҪݵϷû˯õҲӻ£ֻ
˶˾ûֱ֣һźȻ̧һ㶣أ
վ㷢ƶҪˡ
ӣ̫Ȼ˸طû˯ã͸ү
⼸ҲϰˣԾҲϰߣֻƽʱ̫һǶʯȽϳϾҪӺ滷סϵϣֵĲСİˤˣʱûб滻ġ
Ծȫ̱ססΪС
ָ䣬üβûסþһЩ
һͷ־ͷ¶Ĳϸ𪣬·һֻ־סĪɤЩҲЩǰָһչյģôס
ֻǻûĳ֣ڰɿͬʱһΪòͨҲЩ죬һ̧ۣͶʹֱģ
һү
ȴβ
Ī޵¶ƺҲЩߣɴѰڸϽˣֱ߳ȥþջߣͷ˿Լϵǰտû죬ѵ
ü۵Īһ˿ȤζǲᷴЩܣĪá
֪뷨ľԼƫɿùźֿЩʱջܵĻ֣㹻ˣӷġ
ǱΪռ̶࣬Ժܿȥ뿪ǰһİﻤסķԸ
ʱʱһٹٺǰĵطֻΪ̫࣬վλƫһЩϵ͵
Եû̫ע⣬ⲻҪֵˡ
ֵȫ֪ԼѾ˱˵룬һɫվż뿪ʼ
뻹аʱʼʱͻȻи̴ӹ˽ǰ񣺡ӣ롣
ţʲôˣװΪģˣδȥ
̴ӱֻԾʱͳһƣǻʺгӣȾ̴˻ȥȻǹӣСһ˰ɣѾˣ˵ЩҪѯ˼
װɵ²ȥù˷ҧҧܴһȥ𣿡
̴ףӲģȷǿԴȵ˹ǲеġ
ӦźѡֲĸߣһǸ̴ˡ
ǰг˵ĶԻֻȻ˭뵽˻ǲҪӴĺãܿͰ¸Ժ
һߣ˸̴ӵȷǵ˻ʺйסĹ⣬̧ͷϸ⹬װѾŵȷǻʺҪ̴̴ʱûж
ʼǸ̴ҲûȥǺܿŵĻ˵ڣʱһǰһ澣ǰŵĹ곤һЩģׯ磬ǹŵЦǶūǻʺеùãūɡ
ĹҲϥһΪùõڣαֳĸûκλɣ̹Ȼùö̤˹
ۣҲû࿴ôλùö˴Ź߹հ˹յģ֪˶ãȴǵһƫǰ
ùĹƿţùʱڣԺūȥ֪ͨһȥᣬŶӡ
ȥǰסλùãùã֪﻽Ϊ£
ùȻЦݣ¶Ӿ֪ˣūҲöԡ˵գ¾ʣܿתʩʩȻ뿪ˡ
ùûĹ澴۹뾰ƫڴ󣬸һˮ͹ؾվһԡ
۲ˮð뵵Ϣϣ¯ȼζϢһԵĹʮ꣬ģ㣬ͷԹվȻڼһ㶼֪
λùλĹӣùҲû뵽ĺҲֻһöӡ
ᵽˮҲͬҩ֪ǲ̽š
ԵȲˮ΢һЩյſڵǺһڲˮʵǶҲû²յʱһǸϣһҲܿǺ˻ûȡ
Ȳʱ򣬾װͷĿѣ岻ʣٴζյһֱӱյˤڵϣӲ֪û١
ͬʱĲˣվһֱӵ
ӣӣһȻû뵽ö˶˵λôͻȻôˣ
ȥξʱϢֱ֣ӽˡ
ƫһһŮȥƫűϣʱ氵
һлָƽùſڱ˳ԸŵĺȻĺ幡
ĺ幵˽ǰ벻ٽɫԼƫͷε¶ŕiݵľžݵǿϧˡ
ҪҲֻܹԼϹҲô³˭ãպֳÿأ
ùõЩ鱻֣£᲻⣿Ҫǵʱ
ô⣿ƽʱС澹ϵãʱ˵˽͹ϣ㱻СţҲʹӦǼһϾϵ˭֪Ǳ㾹£ˡ
ΪСҪϾϵλ߳ŭǶɱҲ˵ȥĹϵ֪ɱʱǽ㣬պ˳˹Ҳáĺû˵꣬˳ùСɵ°̲ͣסߺҲûκλˡ
취ȻðգֻҪԺܺ͵һֻһҲֵõġ
Ͼ˲Ϊ
ùͨҲûܣĺ幵˰Ѿҩ̧ϣĺ幽˻ˣһʱƫֻʣϻԵĶԼĺùá
ùҲѵôĺ˽ᣬ̲סǰסĺ幣ͷĺ幵Ļ¡
ĺ干ûƿ§øùøΪȫν󱳱¶
ùԴĺ幻Էһһḧź󱳡
һʱ䲢δֲ֪ʱĺһִֻһѷذףĺģ߾ֱ˵黰ˣ˹ȱҵȳɣᡭ
ùеע黰ʱĺ幺ȥ
ùʶΣ͵ƿĺʱѾܣȴʧȻŵĺ幣㡢㡭
ֻһǰһ󷢺ڡ
ĺ幵ֺҲװ֣ŵһ˴Ϸķϥأ¡
ĺ̯֣ԷӹȾѪذףϸɾӡ
ĺ幽ӹӲ֣Ѿٵùã㻹浱ˣҲʲôݣΪ󷢻ӼֵҲ±ӼǵͶ̥ˡ˵俴£ֳúãаֲҪ
ҪλùЩƽʱҲĺܣҲΪԷһôһˣƽ֡
ùͷպÿģ˵ʲôѪϴӺ¶ȿʼͣ˵ֻǰҪιȥǰĺ幾ô뿪ˡ
ùòȴҲֻܿµذ׳ȥذףҪһֵᣬֻȴûŨѪζǳƵһ
ʱнŲ˹ùԽԽ˫ȥֻǲ֪ǲǻعⷵգǿվǰͱҩԲѵľӡ


31 
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εļеĺ˳, 䲢ûгʲô¡
Ϊٹٶˣ٣˵˼ڼ, ûһˡ
ֱһʱ, Ϊ, Ϊָߣڳ͵ۡʺԼλãȺƺһȺ߳꣬ٹٹߺ
͵鲻彥ãմãƽ, ʹ˳йȥ
ֻǾһʱ, ޱ, ܼҽǰ, ΪʼһΪ˷ֹд̿͡
лŵ, ܼ¼ȥӳ£ƾ쿴ĥ뷨ܼҾүضӶӵġ
һƤӵ³£ܼҲͷˡ
Եߵǰ, ӲͷƤæүүү֪˭ֻܼܼϷţһѹȻͣΪһǰý, Գ͵۵Ҳˡ
ɨ˹ܼһ, װ֪, ֻһۣôԺ˵
ܼȵüٵȵᵢȥָӾûˣүǶӣʧˣ
Ȼ仰һΪ¹ؾԭ벽̫ҲȻתͷȥһѯʳʧˣôö˶˵Ļʧ٣
̫ʳԼʶĻ죬عѾʳֳ͵Լĸͣ½Ųס۵׵ʡĸ󣬾Ӿȹʧ٣¡
Ҳ˵ùȥٹپ̫Ǹжرĵ֮ˡ
͵۱Ͷ̫ӸӿһЩҲѵöһ䣺ö˶˵ôʧ٣ǲȥйˣϾᣬҲͷһ꣬˽Ҳǿܵġ
͵⻰һȴû˸Ҵ𣬱Ͼոտڼ棬ô¡
˽뿪ȥ棬Ǵ󲻾ҵҲҪġ
͵Ȼǽһףû͵ۻ⣬üɫŹܼңûϵʻôʧˣ
ܼ֨һﲻ֪ҪҪ˵ڹۣôӶţֻӲͷƤϣӦòȥй䡣濪ʼǰи̴Żʺ﹬е˵ҪӣӾ͸̴ȥˡ˭֪һȥҲûһʼūҲû룬Ϊȥ˱𴦺ţ˭֪һֱû
֣ö˶˵ôȥþҵĹʺɫ̫ÿӼ濪ʼ͵˫۾ûдŲ
ȴֲֳܱ˿ȻһūŶʳһʱǨŭ
͵Ҳ÷˼ö˶˵ģʺǰʺһֱߣʱ
ܼȻбҲµүǰͲ壬԰ѵʱ̴Ҳ˹
̴Ӿ͹һԣæڣϣūŵʱǸűӵģʱȷ̴˻ʺ﹬еƹҲôȥūһʼŶһȥģʱӵȷǽĹˣӭӵĻߵùãūŵŷöһ˸Žȥˡ
⻰һ䣬ʺüͷҲùã
ȥԱߣܿиǰ˵˼䣬ùЩʱ˵岻Сӣ³ײǣԲδһͬǰ
ʺ̴ܼ˵ɫ̫ÿֲԤУô˵˲ѣùüٽǾӹȥ
ֻһҲûʲôƫƫ⾰ˣλϵӶе˸£Ҫ
ʱҲйԱʱվھԱߣȷʲôġ
һʱȥɣǿɫҪҲˣӡ
͵Ҳû뵽£󿪿ǰɴֱӵȻǣʺǾ͸ɴȥֻᣬҲû˻ʺһס
͵۶Իʺ⣬ҲΪ˻ʺɴԷһӡ
ʺǱֻҪһɵͷǻͷŭˣɾΪ
͵۶ô˵ʺҲ᲻ӣһתȳйڻʺĹȥֻǸߵһ룬ܹ̫ɫ״Ҵ˹˽ǰͨһ¹ڵϣʡϣˣˣ
ΪʺҲ˲ϷΪ֤ףҲûһͨǰ
Ͼ£⹬ҲܼסֻùúеĹ澣ôǶѲϵ
ü󲽳ǰߣ͵۵ɫ죬ٹٶһۣô룬ȴ̫˼
ϾôҲúö˶˵Ķôʺе˳Ϲϵ
ֳһ
ٹԭΪǲʲôᣬĵȵ˹ǰû߽ȥŵһŨѪɫ΢䡣
̧ͷȥɵۣͿӻѪڴϣˤһ豭ġ
ⲻµģ𾪵Ǿ϶ѪΪжʱɺԵһֽɫѪգմһؾĻѪģӿ¡
ˣϻǸɺԵѪ⻹㣬ԱߵϻһȾѪذףе״ѪΣһ·ӵ
ǰŲʱģҲչ¶ǰһ˲˵һʧ
һЩĵطſһ澣װǸŮſţͷ࣬и˿ڣ󱳴ƬȾĸɺѪϢſѾһʱ䡣
⻹㣬ԶҲһ澣ҲǱſϵûѪֻһֱϢϢģҲûϢ
ô˹Ҫǻж͹ˣûжǾֻǳˡ
͵ȻҲû뵽󿴵һĻüô£
ǶǲŻعվһ£񣺡Ӽϡ
͵ָָʬ壺ҵģô£Ůô£ɱģ
ۣϣ˵ǳɱġ
ʲôп˵ݺˣ͵Цˣָܹܣ˵
ܹܹſڣǰ˷գѪζ򿪾ͿذѪǱߵλ̴ֵӸҪǰ˵Լɱˣ֪ͨūšϽȥ¡
͵һĻʱֻ
ܹ͵͵һֱûڵ󣺡Ǵŵģ̴߿ġ
͵۸ɴ࿴󣺡Լ˵˵Ҫô죿
ǰ̫ˣңˣֻʣһôǱŵɱˡ
ȴǿ򾰳㻹ʲô˵
ʵʵڣүǱݺġŻʺѰӣΪλùô·ߵˣӾˡӺһˮ˹ȥ¡ģһȾѪĵùö˾ˡ
㵹˵˵˭Ҫݺ㣿͵ڣֻ澣ȻϧһӵûˣΪʧȥһǣס˿ϧ
ۣӲ֪
͵ٺԣҪ֣ʱиͨڵϣʡϣū֪ΪʲôҪɱˣ
˱ͻȻܳСһȥʱȻʺ󿴵ҲԼĹ澣ɫࡣ
͵û취⻰ĿСϣŶĸģ
ūǻʺ﹬еģҲǸһݵĹ澡Ƕ˶ùֵ¹ŵġС澵ָָԶŵĹ澣Сڡ
͵۾̲ߴ飬ܵˣ㲻Ҫ£֪˵޸
Ȼϧˣʲôϲôһˣֻ˵۹ƷҲУ˵Ⱥ֣
͵鲻ҲûԱߵĵ
С澴ͷĹǣ˿ڣūסһ䷿ģһЩҲ˵ūԴӲǰӽ鷿;żᣬ̫ģúãԶӾ͡˼˵˽ﻹ͵͵˵Ǽٵģ취ʱȢ
С˵⻰бۣԴӻºȷι;ż̫๬澲٣Ŀ
̫ʱʺҲвμӣǻʺеģҲڳȷ˵ùȥ
СſڱտԼ˽飬ר˵Ǽٵġģ⻰п϶Լġ
˳Ҳŭ̶ٹһ񣬱ȾǰĻҪݣȫ˾еĺ·
С澼ҲǶȥùã˵˶ڼ棬ע⵽ǣպҲӳ¡ūһֱ²ףӦǱɱˣùȻĵغãҲȥϾ˽빬пǴùøպһŭ֮¾͡
ʣµĻ˵ڳѾԲࡣ
ӿ϶ֻ⻽Ĺ澣˭֪˵Ļùõ棬ִ²СɱùãɴһݣҲһɱˡ
ֻǲ֪Ϊִ侰Ҳˣûüߣɴ޶֤һˮõùϡ
˵һȻû뵽ӲǼٵģҶ澡
澾ûϿϣҲǻϵŮˣͬڶǶ˻ϵˣ
͵Цˣô˵һ治Ŀŵôǰһʵ۵²ȡ
˭
͵ʵҲ²ϸܶණҲֻСһ֮ʣֻ治þðôգ˭ôõһպðǰأ
Ȼ͵Ǵ˳ˮһߣôգ²ɵģҲҪɵģɡ
ܳΪһڵ㣬͵۰Ͳöˮһ治¡
ۣϣԩ˵λȾ֤ݣƾһ֮ʾԩӣӲ
СȻбӻͳһ˫ֵϣǶ͸Ķ˵Ƕƽʱҡ
ЩңȷģǳӵûȴǹȥģھӦûǵãԴֳ£Ӳδסعô˹ݺӣôӾõ׾١
͵ȴЦһҵģ˵Ǳݺ㵹˵˵˭Ҫݺ㣿
һ㶣漴̧ͷڳһȥܿ쿴վڵڶŵĺ幡
ĿƣȿһͻȻ䲻ָһָָŵĺ幣Ǳڤӣλ澵˼һҾܶǳӻλù˽¼ӻɴùΪûȡϢùòӣΪ±ùй¶ܣŸɴɱù˳޻ӡ
ڳ˶û뵽ҵˣָ˳ſĺ幡
ŵĲ࣬Ͼôλƽʱ竵͵ıڤӣôܻ󹬵ĴŮйϵ
ĺ幺ܿУʹļףӣ˵û棬㲻ΪʳˣСԩλ澺ôָΪָ֤֤Сùйأ˭֤˶ˣѵùõĹ֤ɣ
ĺ޹ͷȴһȻ³ȻǲµԼΪǿŪⲽ߶ˡ
аù֤
ž仰һ䣬˳ָŵķſڲԶ϶Ѫ͸ùãǱ˽Ҵƹˤ̼ˣ
ù֤ô֤һˣô֤
ĺ并̲סЦˣĪ˵ЦùѾ˻ˡ
͵Ҳ¶ͷɫҪֱӴȥʱٴο˿ڣ˭˵ܿ˵ģֲˣȻܵ˵ȷЩæָ֤һ»ǿԵģùã˵𣿡
Ǿͬʱһùſŵķ𣺡˵üǡ
⼫Ἣȴһ˲һĳšһ̣ùýͷתһ죬еСĴ󳼵һһҲˡ
ţԲۡʲô˻˵
͵üͷһĻô£˵𣿡
޹ȣˣ˭˵ģûӴһʼû˵ù˰ŶˣλָϳȾȻ˵ˣҲ˵ĻϾܵøһ͵ĻԲԣ
һԭſһҲؾعū澼ϡԼλˡ
ĺվǼ˹һȻſﲻҶùãôܣһкжԼùôܻţ
һǶùô˿ģĺıޣ޲ͬھ
ĺͷӿϲԤУ̲ס̧ǰһһ̣ԭվ￴ϷͻȻһ̧ţһߣĺͨһֱ˫ϥڵϣһ


32 
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ĺдķöž
, ЦЦĺһۣڤӾҲضųӹɣӿ޸ܡ
ĺҧ֪Լ˵, ôҲ벻ͨԼļƻô޷, ʱԼ, ùþûκĻᣬƫƫǳ⣬ùþȻû
ǿվպöϾĿ⣬֪Ϊ￩һ¡ͻȻһ£ɳȥھɱΩҲǽΩһģΩҲ
˵ǸеشεľΩ, ҲǶԷ, պû
شҽĲ, ˵Щ֮Ժö˶˻ûشҽε, ĺ幵ʱ˵ҲֻþΩû롣ѵɺ, شҽĵ̶ֳҲܾȻĳ̶ȣ
ǰ˴شһֱйβδꡣ
ĺ侲͵ϣ˹ݺССΪڤ, ԩ޳ΪҪôҪݺСԩΪССһס
͵Ͳͷ, ܾ, ֻҪѾһץҲˡ˭֪龹Ȼķת, ŻѪΪֻſùã⵽ô£
ùһˡūز񣬻ϣūǱвȵġԵǰ㣬λڤǰЩʱվһֱū澣ū澣ū˵һЩй﹬Լ̫ӵµ¡
ūұ͵¾ͲϣūѾ֪˼£ɣɴū澣ūþڱԷһذ״̴Ϊʱ򣬸պñӾˣżһ
˵˵СʲôʱвˣˣΪߣĺ干˵ùúıֻô˵֪ʧȻҪ⡣
ùú۴ͷѹ۵׵ĺ⣬ȥŨжޡ
Ϊĺ干ϧȥһȻˣҲҪʣͲ塣
εȷǻʺūȥĶӣ̫ӵߵūŸԵµġ˵̫ӵ뵥һ浥úллľ֮
ˣԲԵµ壬ԾٽʺԼ
ū澵ʱû룬ΪǵεˣҲˡ˼ٽʺӹ˭֪Ӹչū澷ִ¯ҩˮҲҩȴѾˡεӾˣֱӸū澺һ
Ϊūһ϶ɣóɶ˽ᱻū澷ֱڵļ뿪ΪȵļϵĲˮ࣬ϸպž˵ҩŽҾūһ
ùõǲģΪ̫ߵľĺ幵ˡ
ĺû뵽ѸҲ˵˳ҧùõ˵С㱳һذ׼޻ӡȻСΪˣһذױȻأСǲ֪ʲôʱҽôˣպþҩ˵֪ıݺС
ùҲԼܻŵĻԿū澵˿ڡ
͵ҲЩɣ۴վľƫͷʺۡ
ʺߵǰڵҿùú󱳿ۡһֵһܿùõƵȷأովϣ˿ȷذףѪҲ١
͵ü򾰳ȷģҲ֪Ӻʱô߳ҽģǹеҽҲһܾȵĻ
ʱùöԲߣ֮ûùˮһƸĺ幣Ҳù֪ԼܻתͶߣϣҽһ㣬ҲͻƤë֮ܽҾùãҲǶ˳ֳ
Ŷ⻰ô˵ĪֳҲҽ͵ȻţɫҲѿЩһƿأǲˬ
ˣֳһȻҪҵеشȣŻֳƣҲûץһ´ٳʱشպòڡ
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⻰ҲκëϾ·Ѿһֻ࣬ǵѧһش̣пܡ
̲סλùãҲ󣬸պ˶ӡ
ҲȷΪѧԾһùˣİٿĪ硣
պҽʱҲˣ͵ֻǿƤëҽǰҲһ
ҽҲ棬˵ܻȷҲһַã֪˭ҽεģ֪Ǿʱš
͵û뵽ôһתüһʱû
ҲҶԣȻⲻһˡ
ʱǷˣڴ˸Ƿϣ֤֤ڣǱڤ©ٳָ˵ݺеˣǵ𣿡
һȻƮƮģһ䣬һѾ˹ȥֱӽĺ߷ףײǽˤ³һѪ
һĻˣֵλȴǻһȦϣ»ûеĻȻȥˣϾһĵӣһսʱǻеæ
ĵһ仰ó͵ԭӿϵŭЪڵȷڶʱ
ĺ幣ҰģֳѾ쵽ʹ
ĺѹû뵽ų͵۵˵־Ͷ֣վû͵ۿڣˣڤʱѺմعɴ»һҪˮʯ
˵ɫ̫ÿ˾һۣٿʱºͲ٣岻þͲҪˣһ˸Ͳˡ޻һģҰĻȥЪš
ּ֣˵̧ۿ˾һۣ
˹ȥûͣ뿪˴ĺξͲˣҲûҳ͵۵뷨
֮󣬳͵Ҳüβ½̫ӣĺһۣ˰ĺ幹ѺùҲֻǸŮҽסûҲй
ҲֱӴ߶̱ʣûطѾ̶Ծһù˵ˡ
̫û뵽Լ߾Ȼϸɫѿ֮ɴȻȥ󽫶һ飬ҪȲĺ幡
йΣľսǾصʱ񾭲и
Ȼû˳ǰûǰǲģΪ˾ùúķ˲񣬵ȻصסɫҰףôƱ˸Ǵδ
һۣȻȥϢ˵
ҡҡͷ˯ţεûǣ֣ĺǱ߻᲻ʲô⣿
üɨõɫǸĵ¾ĺ平ݺˣ͵Ҳɱ࿪ʼĺԺӾûôģһ͵ɣ֡
Ͼ͵СۣݲðõΣڡ
ĺǱڤĴӣӣǾǱڤĴҪûб˼Σյȼãһֱݵ竣͵ûҪΪһĻ뱱ڤΪС
ǰݵ竣ǾͲһˡ
뵽ĺȻҲ뵽ĺ幼ʹ֪Լβ¡
Ȼ¶ôߵĺûᣬһ˾ȴĲû֤ݣֻ
ˣĺ幽ܣ
ͷպйݵĻ
ܵĻ϶ٲִӦʱõȣԼͱ¶ˡ
üǾͿΪλʲô̶ˡĺ£ĺһҲûв
ĺ广϶Ὣ˵ȥǳ͵۳Ȼᱣס־Ͳһɡ
ְĺˣôȻɣֶԣ֡
·ԼߵģΪԼԼ޹֮˿ʼͲֵͬ顣
˵Ҳ
۴ȻҲһŵľᰲ׵ʵʵйǳ£ɷֲı㡣
ȻȷۿԼＸҲҡͷûȥεǳǷүģպ󶨻ᱨ𡭡һ뿪ڣϾܿʵûôΣɻ̲ס˵ˣүҪҪƣ
һۣá
Ȼӡ
ۣͣɿᣬѵö˵֣Ƕ
һ㶣ȻЩʱвµǿ¼򣬶û취
ߵõĻԼķ䣬֮ǰΪ˾Ȼùúķ˲پи̫ԭ΢Ϣһ£˭֪һֱ˯ڡ
ʱһʱ仹ЩԺ֪ʲôʱΨһ²ѾǶﴫ·ѯһմһŷ죬ͿȾͷд̫С̫ߣͷǹܼҡ
ϳ̫ǳ͵ߵĴܹܣü͵ô˹ʲô
Ϊ̫ĵǲȥֻʱڷ
סԱߵƫýҲΪ˱㡣
Ҳ˵ȴ̫һվ޵ʱϸǱߵ졣
ҹܼܽҵûѹͣԺܼ죺үǴˡ
ûǱ߿ŵ죬ʱͳĮ£
ܹܵžηү岻ʣǰѰҽƹȻë޽չպð˵үߵشҽ˵ãܽصҲܴԻϵ˼Ǵү߽شһǰȥƣү
˵գС̫أвӦû취ȥֻܹĴ㡣
üͷ͵ʲô˼ΪشӽԼùãԳ͵ֱǨŭ
ԸΪԼش򣬸ɴװպ߳һĻڴ˸Ƿףôˣ
ܼҿҲͦ⣬ΪүԾ࿴ڣӣλǻߵˣشȥһˡ
ǰҽ𣿸οشҲֻˣĲӦò֢ɣ
Ҳ˵λжϲҵֻֻȥƶѣһشҽպأ˵ǲǣ
üҪڣ޵Ŵ򿪣
ƫͷȥ޵򿪣ŨҩζǱȾκһŵĶҪŨҵĶ࣬Ϊ⣬侹˷Ӧ
ֱظһ飬Ÿ翴һģӰӣɡ
ƽʱ˲٣Ҫñ˵顣
һ̧޵߽ȥ޵ֱӴϣ۵һ졣
þִ㵣ͬʱþǣٴοڣȴͬˣȥѰش򡣡
ûףȷشûҲͬ⡣
ϾʱӴܸоѹ洫ǸȲǲΪ֮ˡ
ֲ֪ðܹε˶λοһֱش
֮ͨҲûٿڣ뿪ƹ磬ͬǱߣֻһƽʱֿɵѩɫ£Ϸŵ¯ŨҩζγһƵʸУīδü续һַ·ɾĴ
̫ƫͷع񣬳һ»ǿ˳үôѰشȥǲΪӰ˵Ļû϶ش򡭡
Ϊյ޹ء
һʱ²͸˵滰ֻΪ˿οҲòܡ
Ͼֻ֮ǺϵҲǾǳ͵۹ڹ۰شߣֻǸպʱյײˣ˳͵ڰˡ
뵽ոչʱŵҩζնҪŨϲǰеǶѵᶾ
͵ۺӣԹߺشߣ
˳͵ۼΪĻ룬֪ͳ͵һĵжԹϵǳ͵ֱɵҲȫпܡ
ֻǰ͵ûǾһĴҽ뿪Ϊó͵ۻشҽشһܰκãһ˽ȥ̽ҽ
үû°ɣϸ۲ɫԽԽñӲã̲סǰһ
ȻԶû취ôִһҲõİ취Ҳá
󷴵Ǹȫ²ؼǸĻδʱˣԻȥˡ
ԸˣǰͲ뿪ȴھܾӽү
⻰̧ͷڵͫŹֵþҲһ㶣
ôˣʱôˣһ˵ܰæôˣ


33 
һ
һʼûоʲô, ֻ뵥¿ܲܰæѡ
棬ֻشһֱ͵۸ˡܿܽ, šġ
Ⱦ֪ʶԼǰǻһ˼, һ, Ͻͣүˣ˵һүҪ򣬳ӺôһЩҩ˵ܰæ
ھʱѾջߣȴ˵ƿڣ᣿ʲôˣѵǶ˵˼
ô˹İɣ
ҪˣոΪʲôô浱Ϲǲǣ
Ϊʱദ˽⣬ʱѾûôн, ΪԷ, Լûദⲻ١
ҭһҲ, ˾䣺ү˵ʲôʲôɡ
˵ȥһù, ŵϡ
ڷ飬ⷬҲûֹ, ֻǵȾڶƤƣ˵ϲŭ
ӵ޷ֱߣ𣿡
ſþԼķ䣬Լһˡ
Ϊǰ˯̫ϻһԼûֵѹ, ź죬׵ϸۡ
ָһʱЩ֪뽫ǰ۵ĺָףǼġ
ʱʱ, һ̡
ջǴһöӡ
ȥ, ۵ȴ̲סһ˿óѵЦ, µĲԣ󲻽ǸգȷǸȵ
µһֱһʱŽעڴŲŸоԭͶĶܵ췭ظòС
Ҳע⵽һ㣬ܼңȥš
ȴǿǰǰͲҪỴ̂ȴ⣬󶾷ʱ򵥡
뵽ƽʱ԰׵ɫԼηǸʶʱ϶Щ£ξ֮󣬾ľô޶ˡ
ûֱ˵Ҫ£ֻڵүҲûŰɣү과Ӿͻȥ
üҪڣһȥܼңȥţ
ܼӦ£תŷԸȥ
ʳһֱŵģҩҲ׼׵ֻүҩʱҲôáӿԣǵ˵ȴУǵȻͷ߲ǵ
޵ٴֻʣ¾ˣһۣ￴С˼ָµĸоٴһöӣùٲߣɱڡ
ûһ⣬ֻŻֻǵү
ûٶԣֻģһ䣺ʱɲǺ¡
ԼɲǺˣֻǲǷ˵ġ
οҲȷǲͬģʱʱ˺ĿԼֳ棬ģһ
ţȥʱ͵͵ʱҹʱаʱ
˯ʱҲϵĲ飬ûߣʵʵһԵ齣Ѱ˱鿪ʼ
ҪѵҲûٸˣҲ֪ʹˣڹ۾ҲѰİ취¡
ܼûȥΪԵžȥźֱӰ̵ݸӣүҩūžͲȥˡ
Ⱦӹ׷һˡ
üɨڵҩ룬Ҳ֪˶ҩģŨҩζ˱Ƕֻž͸оɬڡ
ϸʳζҩǽⶾģ嶼ʲôȴǷֲ
Զû취뵽ϵͳֻǳһ̳ҪһⶾҪһǧ֣˵һǧһٶûС
߹ȥ̷ڰϣϣѹҲû
üܼܵٶȣٿҩԱߵһС۽̲ס⣺ү㲻ᡭ¿಻Ըҩɣ
˵ԸоһðβŽӲ̧ͷϲԣȻɫĳ
Ī飺˵ˣ
󲻻߳ŭϳȥɣ˵ˣֻӲͷƤ˵ЦģүӢˣµôܻ¿ࣿӾûôү
һֱ̯֣ҩ
ӲͷƤҩûҿݹȥΪ˱ʾԼ¿ôˣº᲻ˣ
˵Ӧòڰɣ
ޱ˹Ǻںһҩӳ׵ݸоҪˣǹƳ˾һۣޱˡ
͵һۣоΧĿ˼֣Ҫˣ뵽ĿģӲͷƤǵ۽үҪҪһŽࣿ
ȴûӣ룺¡ࡣ
ԶԶ㲻£Ӳºˡ
ǿЦ£Ҷùǹܼҵһ⣬Ȩҩ㡣
ҲûӣֻʱԽԽоɫԽԽѿΧϢҲ÷
ʱĵԸо޵ͻȻжһ㶣Ťͷȥ޵ϢֺܶӰڵ⣬žʮˡ
һʼΪǳ͵۵ˣȥһߵ󣬿һȴ¡
ԶԭĬɫ԰׵󣬴˿̶ͷ϶һϸܵĺһſȴǹĺ졣
һֲ̫ɫβҲһұѩī˿̾ɫܵУĪ˲ֱӡ
ͷһվǰү
̧ۣһ˫ƽʱڵͫʴ˿ȴǷŹĺ졣
ܿ죬ָֻ԰ףһ˲ı仯ȻָȴٴαÿẮ
ôԶܿüëȾ˪ףһȻ·һ̾ͻͬҰ˹
ĲӶΣΪת뿪ʱȴǰһʱ쾹ĵ˽ǰع񣬰׵˵Ĵһ֣ߡ
Ȼһʼµû뵽ôأýܿƤϵѪɫתڣ·Ϲĺɫ·үܰʲô
شȴǺȻ߬סôһȻֻǿ͸оһ顣
Էͬ飬췭ظ侰Ȼͷһڣٴο˲ͬ棬ھ㵵ʱȻͷǶĲҧȥ
ͷƤ˶ɵˣֻһ̾ڱҧµ˲ȴͣˣֱһǽֱ͵Զſڣ󱳶Ըߣ
ͬʱŴаźɫۼֱžţ˿ûκλᡣ
ٴιϵͬʱ³ñ϶ôߣǰҪţ
ֻüԷѪ˫ۣǰϡ
ͳ쿴˾һۣѵÿڽͣүֻҪ̹ȥ޴󰭣ﷴƽûĪҪš
˵ʲô뵽ոĿⴹۣͷ
һֱȾ˷Ŵһİ̤ţⵢĹ򣬷¶ٴ
ʮ䳶ƴһ԰ͳΪףǰʼһ㽫
ֻŶѪ·ӿѹŵһֿƵĶˣǿԭصΪױ
Ҳһ˲ı䣬߰θһأ彫ԭɵ˲ŽֱΪŭ˲仩ס·ҪѣȴһֱԼѹ˻ȥ
˷Σ潻ֱֶѪ»ѹȥϢʧ¡
Ҳͬһҹδ˯ûڵϸ֮ȴ졣
ҲܲµʱԵĲԾԼ״ȻǶʱĲԾ
ʱķӦֶԾԲᡣ
˵˻Ϊжҩɽ⣬ֻܷһֶһֶѹȥﵽһƽ㣬ʱᶾҲǾԡ
ΪԽĶԽƽʱѹţʱŸӿֲȻ֡
뿪ʱЩԼÿεԱʱð
ֻҪŹȥУ֪ٴΡ
Ȼ͵֪岻жԹһشߣǹġ
ֵòȻαӣȻһ̫֮ӣγλøʲһ֮ѣ
Ҳûţ֪Ҫô󣬱ǰæ˭֪æﲻϣ㵢¡
ǱԼʱģӦҲʱ뿴İɣ
һֱڷֱһҪ̻ؾ
һҹû˯ɫ̫ãܼҲ֪ҹ£˵ǼµԼܵǣӷģ¼ȻùǱ˵޹أǱڤݺ㣬˱ߣҲǾȡ޹أ㡭
ˣһ㶣üƫͷȥ˵ɱˣ
ܼʶԼˣϽԼһ£⡭
ʣ˹ջû˵ʲô̧ӭȥĽԡ
λؾ͹ܼҳһΪֵ֪ϱ˵һ£ֻӲͷƤ
谵һƬǰ̫һԼܿϣϸ̺ӣϢģþԾˡ
Զĵط̲ס͵͵ȥЪϢ
ֻ͸΢Ĺ⿴ɫ԰ףûҹĺɫѪ·Ӧѹȥ
뵽ҹ̲סȥֱ̺ۣΪڵסǿ
֪ǲǶ룬ôᵽܵѪζŵʱ
ΪԶ̫ã֪ʱҲû֣ʶȥ۾
ֱ壬±ѹú᣺ү㡭ðɣ
˸žھΪԷشʱֻ˾䣺ˡ
ʲôֻ̾ϢһүͿҩˣ
û
ȴ֪û˯ǰŲЩһʱȴҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ȴٴο˿ڣַĺ幺ڹѺĺ幵ηˡ

룬ĺˡ
뵽ϵ棬ɫԭĺܲ˭֪嶾ɵ˾һšİ԰ץû⣬嶾ԶΪһɣʧȻҲĺˡ
ЩҲûҪͣҲˣǷ˾
ӦûɣǱǷһΣĺǱ߱˼׷ģҪʲôĬƬһ䡣
ȻĺˣԷϾǱڤӣܲ׾ô˽¿϶кУҲˡ
û뵽
æҡͷ¾ǳӰеү벻ɶνҪү
֪ʱٴתΪȷ̫ڿ飬ھΪִ˵һʱԷ±ۣǾţ뵽ʱҪ
򴽣û˵ʲô˵ĺˣһʱҲһؾֳʱǰȫˡ
ĺѱʱǹ˲ǡ
ӦҲΪ˱ȫֵͲ֪Ǳ߻ô룬ǰ˼ʱȻֲ⣬Ҳ׼ΪѾ빬ԲԸǣ
ôһ·Ų֪ʱ˯ˣʱѾͣѾûӰǶһ̺ӣǰϴŵ
ÿѾԺǰͷķ䣬ԺûˣԺǰƺж
򿪷ȰԼȥĶ˻ȥ߳ΩҴһˣɿˣûв
ֳһȦֳĲЦʲô£ǴȥĶˣԺôһ˶ûУ
ϸոּҽҼ飬˵ԻȥְүǱ߱ٽˣҲ֪ʲô¡ոջй˹Ωû˵ʲôͱ˹ȥүֱԺȰѶܸͽ
Ω۵öûҲûģżȻүûʲôףӦҲû⡣
ȴǵĳ͵۲⣬ˣĺˣڹǱŻ
ڵҲûãþΩһֱŴӹл
;Ωȥһϵǿʲôûʲô𣬴ڹ̫ɫ̫ãŴɢ
ȲպöϾֻͣƬĽת
ǰΩлʱֵİ
ѵ˲٣˿ȱΪĵˣ֮Ͱˡ
һŵĹܼҵˣ
ǲ˵һνټʱԺ￴龰ȱΪĵʲôϵ
ƳһۣüôӾñ˵òԣ
ȷ⣬ɿʵʵάү˵öԣүȷĵˣеĴˡ
һۣΪ˵
Ŀϣ޹ЦЦ
ΩվһŴ˾Ͷܣܾ֮չֵֹġ
˵ǰ˵Σû뵽Щһ㶼ߣǸˡ
ΩЦһף¹»صԺҪү巻Щţүõˣܱ
һ㶣ƫͷȥ֪뵽ʲôͻȻζ۾
һʼûʶԼƺһ£ǾǷЩţĳһŭǴҲҪ֪ˣ


34 
һ
Աһ, պÿ۵һЦ⡣
ȾֵͷתһԣɫѾ磬λùҲЩЪϢ, еæ
˵˾һ, һ뿪һе̴, ո˼ôлҪ˵ֻΪԱվžΩʱ㡣
²Ҫ˵Ǹսйأ˵ͳ͵йء
Ǿеæָƺ֮󼴽ȥԺǻָѵǸйأ
㾰Ωùźҩ˵һ߳, ߵʱͷϷһ¡
ֻǴȴʱû, Ӱɫ, ҹһꡣ
Ǵ˿̿Ժеǿû, ֦һţڵϴ߲Ӱ, ʣôƶֹܵķΧ
Ϊأһֱôʹһڵһ´ӵһ꿪ʼ϶ࡣ
꾩߻, ݲһˮϵ½Ǳ߷˺֡
һʱ̫ǰȥ֣ʱѾ̫ӺƳΪĻţǴǰҲһͨǰġ
;̫Ϯ, ʧɢ
ЩΪѾǵļ, ΪԼò, Ͼһˣͬɢͼǲ塣
ĵʱȴûǵú
֪˶ãһվڻʣǺܾúܾûԺ
ָܿȶҲһ֮࣬ߡ
һʱȥ˽ݣżȻһηõһߵķӡ
ƾӾ˵ʱݺܶˣҲ˳ݵһֻЩͶ䵽̫ӵͷϣʱ̫Ϊ˴󹦻صкõ͵ۼνһʱͷ޶
Ҳʱ̫վ˽Ÿȴ֪õĿʼ
ߵķǵãֻһ̫ٵõ͡
˿϶ҪȵģҲţ˵ʱ򽫷취д취ˡ
ôõķҲˣβˣóһҲ׾ٵġ
̧֮ͨŻȳǰԺȥȵ˵طַŽգֻվ̴ӣ˿ˣү˵ˣ˺ֱӽȥ˵ն˽ƿÿþȥ
Ϊǰ뵽ɫ̫ÿȻԣɻ±󿴳վſһԼ侲Ÿ̧ߣʱǴվſڸŵ𣿡
߶һ䷴ָתŹغãֻǵƹ翴龰ȴһ㶣һ˲תȥү㡢Ϳҩ
ȻأŸոôƫƫôõϸͿϵҩܲͿһ㽫£ãϵ̧ۿȥһȴüֲǶˣ㱳ô£
֪ĻΪոʲôˣԡҲôŰɣ
ԺﻹǰһģȻת죬ǿвµ˺ۣȻйµġ
侲һ䣬ֻӲͷƤӣֻү⡣˵תѾ뵹˿
ҲûʣΪ˿ƶһҹδ˯϶˲ˣص̱͵ٻ
ҲЩ»Ҫǰ˵һʡ·ͻȻǰûס
󳤻˵ֱӿڣشǱѾ˻һأҲǵش洫žùá˵ĺʱؾȻŭ²򵥣ѹǻɱĺ幹ᡣ
üȻרǽҪ˵Ȼйأ񷻼䶼ΪˣԻҪƳӴﵽү
ƵҲ˵ϣǷƤӵ°ˣ˵һһ롣
һ£ָָԼʲôǴ㽫˰ɡ
ҲڣϾôߵģǾǡϴóӽ̫ҽԺ
۵Цһ̫ҽԺƷҽʿ֪ǿ˻׬ˡ
Ҫ˱˼ӣ׬ǲþѡƾ٣ֱӾƷҲֻȴƷľΩһЩ
꾰Ω״ԪģˣѾںԺǴƷ
Ȼû뵽Լֱӵҽʿ⡭
㵱͵Ǹҽʿҽϰˡ̫ҽԺһһҲ٣㵹ǲõġ
ٽӴǱҽ취Եļϰҽʿȥ
ȻˣΪ˲ǣĺ֮⣬ҲΪ˱ס
Ҳ²͸ֵ׻û飬ûеǻãС
ôֵⲻǨŭ
˼ӻᵱġ
˵Ҳ̫ƽԶĺǱߵˣʹ϶Ҫʱ򾰰Ǳ϶ȥֻðլӡ
ҪһߵøһЩܻסԼԼֳ
ҲûжʥּӦþˣ⼸ú׼һ£˳ǰúý͡͡
ҧüص󼸸þһ죬Ӧ£Ȳ˾͸ҪߣҪô֮ǰȴǽ˺סԹŵϵϣһĲ˻ôţʱΪԼ˻ϸɱǼٵĿɾ͵ǲǣ
ӴĶˣ⻰ҲλǸĿڲһġ
ͷž͵ģҪ˵ôһ䣬ҪƢԱһЩģǵͷ߼޶Է
ھͨ͸ҲûܾʱǱͱõֱϣ̤ʱڣǳӾлүˡ
ЦЦžߣէȻһ䱻ҭ£һ䡣
Ѿ򿪷ţվŵ̴ѾһֽɡȻҪ;ȥ
ŷѾС꣬վڻϻͷȥǶȵǿ龰
ܲܿͲ֪ˣҲһЦЦı飬߳ŭǰһϵ̴뿪
Ѿȫһˣ߶˾ʲôԼЦĪҹҲûôˡ
ҪǸձԼһҹûмǲָġ
ڶȥţԹֻ֮ʣֵܶˣھΩǰ̹״ӿ
˵Ȩɴ˵ʱʧȻ
񾰳ӺƳ͵۵ĽǶ˵ĹϵôΪǼٵģô˵ôҲţܵӰҲή͡
˵һ£˵ЩǾò̫ڣȷǻϲӵģֻǴ粢֪Ҳûʱϡ
ǲʲôҪʹ˵ΩϾ͸оĲɣ˿̸һֱڷ̲סѯʡ
Ϳһӣ֯һŻ˿ڣȷЩ֮ǱǶǵĻȽ
ǡص£ΩŵģǺֶԳʩѣֻԼǵ񻹲ܶһ棬öܱ
ҡͷҲǺأֻǿϵ£̫ˡ
˿֮˵Ҳ׺ܶ࣬ʱ䷢شҲ֪ˣǣ¹ԵΪԱѡүҲżȻ֪һ£ƶү϶ֵܡ
ʲô£ΩԶȫΣ˵Ļȫûлɡ
ٽԼ֪͵ʵҲû紫ŵ㱩ײУԸɴһļϡ
үֵܶˣΪرǺһϷó͵ж֮񱣬ͷϵˡ
Ωһʼ㶵˺پȦ춼գǴ约㡭
ûãôʵȫͶ޹أ󷴵ҪҪˡ
ԭΪԣ˭֪󷴶ھϣε磬ĺûϵպҲὫʵֳҪһ竲ɣӣҲɾһҵ
ɡ˵Ǽٵģɴȥô֪ʱȢ޻ӰġΩǵĸԶһЩ
㷴ǲģϾϲӣҲûȢޣֻʱܸߴ磬ôֶ롣
ʱĻž¶ǿȡɾͲˡ
»Զοү˵ôˣȴδĳϹʱˣүպ󷻼䴫ҲˡοԺҲûھУʱֵѡѰط¿ʼ߻ʵԶҲܲǲǣ
ʼΩ⵹ҲȫǼٻ
̫ӲףΪ˲УοӲţ˻ʵۣôֻҪǹȥԸģСס
Ⱳû㸨̫ӣԵľֻܱվߣ˽⣬ĸ
ֻ˻ʵۣǲſպӹһƽ뿪꾩
״ƽֵʱʵҲˣյһʱߣ͵ʵҲ˶ãҲ¡
ҪվȽŸܴйʱһ䣬ֵܻܶԼݲȫ
ܲţһҶжҪסġΩ˵ˣҲǣͻ󣬵ǻٵȼꡣ
ҲôùҹһƷС٣һһԼ뱣ˣٻȥҪ취ְ
ֻǺܿ쾰ΩעٴοڵĻסˣ˵װƭ˳͵Ҳûкô͵Ϊ˿סү㽫ڹﵱ̫ҽԺƷҽʿ
ҪҽʿþΩҲ˲ģСԸǶɾ͡
淴ǾΣŲúʥּ˺󣬳һ
Ω˿ɾĻˣȥлһֻǱ岻ʸܾˡ
͵µʥּ꾩ǧˣϾһΪ竣ͻȻ˵гϢгϢ˵Ҫ̫ҽԺˣ
͵µʥּҲҵĺ˵Ǿ׵ҽش洫صùþȻŵñڤıǰ¶
ǰﳼ¼¶ҽ׼̫ҽԺְƷҽʿ
ʥּһǺܶ˻ֲҲû취˾ģҽҲģֺĺ幵ı¶Ҳġ
ֻǲ˻ǾÿʣѧƤëȴܵҽʿƷ
Ȼֻһϰҽ֣Ҳǲ˴ﲻĸ߶ȡ
ǲʧ˾֮λľɱͺϣˣ֮λ˾Ω϶ҲŪһĹλͺ
ôѾõ͵۵ʹԼĹٷܿ빬Ρ
֪ǲǰΪ˾˾һֱţΪֵԼĺֵʱȫͷһиಡˡ
һǸȲˣþΩһֱҹߡ
ش֮˼ҩϾãȺܿȥ
ֻһӵºɫ㲲٣ͷҲ̫ãҩ֮˻ġҲһֱ˯ʱࡣ
ÿ۶ῴǲѵĴ磬ܿ˯˹ȥ
֪Լ˯˶ã˶ѲǻصڶִʱǰԼĿĵİɫ
Ӱһתһ谵ɽ
ͼǲˣһҹʵҲǲ̫̫ӵĶʧɢӲȥ嶾ı˱֣Źҩʣ˻ģֻǵƴӣײһɽ
ˣ˶ǻģһʼΪһҹҲԼܲ⡣
ϾȫǲϸڣɽҲûеڶˣ±嶾ɵ˷˳ˮ¡
ڻȥøǻл㱣żȻõߵķӣپΪ˾˰ҩƣ͵ľˡ
ֱ۵ĲԼԼˣɴ˿˯оǼǵôϸڡ
ֻǵõʱǰܶѪʱԼ˲ߵĴˡ޴󰭡ʱ˯ûɺֻһĴ
ʱͦ⣬ɵԷĻ˶ˣʲôȫûȥֻǵöԷ˵֮ǰһӣֻ⺢Ѿûˡ
պõʱ߲鿴ߣĴȥʩҩû˹ܣӷ˴ȱƣһȴǲˡ
УֱΥʶƫƫˣûס
ʱǴ˵±ԼԺСЩ²ҩͲƷʱϢȫɵˣʶԷ˭Ҳû̽ʲô
Ϊӵ»ججǺ֪ʶеڶɽ
ģȫǲõʱ׷ʲôӹһʱľսκ˿±ߣһֱָ»ص̫ߡ
ֱʱ֪̫ӽȥߵķӵ̫ԼǧҵģŹ̫ϡ
̫ҲȻνȽаյĴˣԼĴ֮λա
ǾԼɶûãΪһ֮в㱩¶жӣ˵оȴҲþؾá
ΪЩһɶⲻԸڼЩ֡
֪ǲ֮±һδ㱼䣬ԺﾹİΰѼɽһĻɿʱֻһߴģӰӡ
㱼䱻˻ѣԺۣǰ谵¿Ӱʱ·ɽһغһŵˡ
һƣվڴǰͷ˿Ϊŵ˺һűò
ŵ£૳㰡
ԸӲǱ˭
̲סһ˵ѹһ¡


35 
һ
û徰˵ʲô, ֿһۣ˯³֪Ļʲôħ֣ôˣ
˵, 󼸸ȴº, 谵ҹɫ, ĪԵö˼顣
˹Ը׵ξʱŶǰӿͷĻʧ롣
ۣΪɫջҪףī̳£źı, ܵĽëӳ´һƬӰ, 촽ȴΪոʽŲĺ, һɸi˵ģ
һ, ԭ澰һֽһָ࣬һ, ͷƫһԣ˵ЩʲôڣлүӣȳӲ, úñү
ͷӿһɷ꣬ʲôȱҪر
ɫû仯, ֻһҲҪ˵, ֻ˵㲡˹, һĳ£ȥΪ߹ԻϵּⲻԸ
Ҳû뵽Լ˵ͲǿЦЦȲЦģеĪЩ˵ģֲȴƲĿ⡣
ԼˣŻһ˼ɴȻܾͱ˵ˣúˡ
췢һض̴ٵ뻽ס󣬶Էȴߵü죬ܿѾߵ⣬ֻܽߵĻ˻ȥ
ĶѹƺЩʲôϸ֮»д
Ȼûãһһҩ߽ϾЩʪĶͷȷ̣˸ɾӰ˲ѹûôˣö˶˵ôͲˣˡоЩˣش˵ҹȾǺˣվûˡ
ůģֽӹӣԼҲ˲ͷúࣺܶô絣ˣûˣǸոجΡ
ֵ˵˲ٻֱΩι࿴ҩŴ뿪ס磬ԡ
ոճ˺оǽˮ
ȴΩԴǾܾȸˣһԡ´˷絽ʱܵĻԼû׼ԡ飬һ齣ڲԶһҹž
Σ֤ԼԡҲ´ôȥЪϢô˯ţ
Ωû취ȷ֮˽¶ա
ҲʵˣΪһڼϺҩʵ۵úܣܿ쾹ô˯˹ȥ
ڶѾ׺ˣģ˶ҪֽţڴǰԸˮʹʹϴ˸ˮ裬һɾ·ü۶Ц⡣
Ωչ˾û˯ãҹ˯ˣϴˣŶˣڹؾغҩ
ΩΣشȷ׺˺һ
֮ȥлһ˭֪ʾ˹ܼңȴ֪ҹ뿪˵ǳ˾ղŻ
ʱʲô
ܼ֪ԭ򣬵δ˽˵ү˽£ӻˡūĲ˵үÿʱ򶼻뿪գү뿪ǰ̴ӸӣҲöӰȲúٽֵС
ҲûʣصԺӺʹ˵һΩһ㶣һ£ǿ˿ڣӦǵȥĸȥˡ
ĸһ㶣һʱ˽ⲻ࣬һЩ»е֪ġ
ֻ̫࣬Լ飬֪
Ҳһ˼ôʹէȻİĳƺ£үĸǡ𣿡
Ȼǣ˵һδȢޣ˵иǵŮӣֻΪ̫ͣ˵ǵʱϻʵ۲ͬ⣬ֻܾôͷҲû£ûȢȴҲûŮ죬ֻôһѪλŮӵүѲˣͰΨһñ˻ֱӡʱϸյǻҪķ֣Ҳû˵ʲôֻѾˣֻ׷ӶԷΪ
û꣬ÿӣүȥݡֱʺ󣬾ֻʣүһ˹ȥ
ΩںԺ꣬ٶҲ˲ٹЩǴţʵҲˡ
ͷһô£һʱ鸴ӣ¿϶ûô򵥡
Ҳ˵ʵǱ͵ۺģŻô޳͵ۡ
Գ͵۵Ʒó͵λ˵Ĳص
Ͼ˵ǰûģʵǱ͵۰ġ
þ̲ס뵽ϻʵۼݱһʼλǳ͵۵Ĵѵ۵ǻһزûˡ
ôôز
ѵ˾ͱɳ͵۳˻ʵۣһô꣬Ψһȴж޽⣬һжѹƣҲûܶȥ
͵ԼĻ嶼ɱΪ˻λԼĻҲǲܡ
ЩǾĲ²⣬Щͷѹ취ڳվȽŸ˵ġ
ظٹȥл˭֪һȥüնû
һȥ˼Σֻܼңػֻһ˵үûظȻһʱȥ֪ͨ
Ȼôôãżݼ⼸һֱ಻Ҳû롣
ڲúտʼϹ۽̫ҽԺֵ
ǳ͵ּҽʿ̫ҽԺҽû˵ġ
ԶԾҽΣΪҽʿֻǸҽ֡
̫ҽԺҽʿ٣ƽʱҽŵҽʿҲģ̫ҽԺյڡ
Ҳżһҽʱͱ¶ͷ̫ҽԺʱһѭ򽥽¶Ҳᱻ˻ʲôʱ˵Լ̫ҽԺ̵ҽѧľͺá
̫ҽԺƽʱæģòܣͿʼȷҽ߿ĿоЩҩйصıʶ鼮Լֱҩĵ
ʱˣ̫ҽԺ˿紫ŵǰ竲ѧ
ǰڲ׾ʱʱһ˵ĶȦɵҲԣǼ˾ҽʿ
һ绻Ϲ۽糯Բ硣
ͬǱùȥԺӣûԺǰõ̴Ӿ֪ǻûء
̾Ϣһ̴Ӻʹһȵ˹ſֵֿһȥԺһȥ̫ҽԺ
̴һǰ̫ҽԺ̴õԽӣͳ͵ἰĺ幱רŸı̴ӣԳ͵Ǳû֮󣬵Ҳû˸
ŹǽߣĽŲᣬϸѹ˸ţջûסͷ̴ֻһľ룺үôûظʱ𣿡
̴Ӷһۣһǿڵμݵʱ䵹ǲ࣬ƽʱڸﵹǲ٣˵գ߰ҲС
ʲô£߸ôవӦҲ¡
Ҳ̴ʲģֻܼǰߣͿҪߵ̫ҽԺʱǰԶԶв̧һ˳̲ǹˡ
̴ͣ£Źǽվţ泯ʹ۹û̧ͷ
˾ǰȴͣܿĽǶȲ࣬ǲĻÿ
漴һֻɫѥӵĽ˳°׺ͼڣ׹εǰʹüͷѾµ˭
һ˲Էߵǰվȣˣɡ
û̧ͷ񣺡¹ټ̫ӵ¡
˿ǹµľˣ֮䲻̫һ뾰Ϊ̬˲ǰš
û̧ͷȻǸǧ֮ķӦ˵Ц¹ǳȻҡ¹ߵֵҪˣ͵¡
˵һ
һֱͷƲ̫ӵı飬Ҳȥʬһ̤̫ӣﲻ㲻
ܸо̫ӵһֱϣͱŹƣôţŵô˵̫ôš
ʱ̫ƿڣ˵ֵܾ岻պþ»ضơ
΢򣬺ܿɿ˵Ц¹ֻҽʿȻ¿ˣ¹ͻ̫ҽԺѰҽ֪Σ
仰˵һƬţܹϾó棬ھΪ̫ûŹѾ뵽Ӧʱ̫ºЦӦˣǾྰһˣ¾ڶˡ
⣬ϲԣ̫ӵ̡
̫ӵĲԶ̧ͷɿ̫Ѿ£ֻսûҵˡ
̫һʱϲ̫Ͻ̴̫ҽԺϣŵ㵽˵طֻ߸յǱ߶Ĵ̫ˣ̫ӵּ⣬˵岻ʣҽ;ҽʿȥ
ҽҽͷһμ̫ȥ
λҽʿһ룬֪ʶλĶ̫ӵľˣβ˳
ҽԸ̫ӣֻӲͷƤˣ㿴⡭̫ҽԺô죬̲ҲϤˣҪ汾һˣ
ǿ̫ǲĿĲݣӦº󣬽ӹҽҩ䣬ϸҽȥ̴Ӳţʱ̫ҽԺ
ҽʱֱӱ̫ȥ̫ӵ޵⣬ǵõ޵δţֱö˽޵
ҽ棬̫Ӻ񣬿ֲͱҩվһԡ
ΪýʹʹҲ̫ܿһ̫ӷڰϣϷ˲鼮īֽһ٣޵ĵطǱ鷿
ҽʱ̫ʱڴһ̧ȴǿ򾰳֪ǲһֱţȾԿȥʱպö̫һ˫ķۣʱһЦЦºͶֻֿϧﲻһǸ
ջĿ⣬ֻûע⵽ոһҲһƳװѹû̫ڿ
Ų̫̫ӼȻô£̫ӿã̫Ҳ˺
̫Ӳ˺мɲԾͶȥˣҲûҪС΢
ҽ̫ܿƽȣ֪ﲻ̫
۾̫ɬƣʱ۾ͲʣҪᡣ̫ӵҽѯʺ󻺻
֪ǲǴܾ̫кС
ҽȣϸ̫ƣ۾ȷкѪ˿ûϢãһ£ʳǰ۾ܹˣ
̫ǿ˾һۣſڻص˵ҲôһΣʱԶˡۿһʱ䣬ڻعƺһֱû¡
ʱͻȻἰǶ£֪˼ҹΣҹҹ󣬶ľ۾ֲ̫
֪̫ǲģҪԼ۾ǣ£
ΪõµģҪ˲һţ
ҽ֪̫˵ʲôʱ򣬱Ͼʱǲãǰʱ䷻Լɶˡ
˵ǰ̫ʱ۾ˣʱպñҶȣȴҵλӸ˺ӲǰԳΪ˾ֲϧ̫Ҫ顣
̫Ӿ˵£⻹þ˹ǡ
ҽ͵鲻ɽɫľѯʣ¹Ƶ۾û⣬ǵȷ˼ҹΡ֪λҽƵģߵҲ֢״
̫Ȼžʱ·۾ǲʱ򱻾ȣ°۾ܣǻⲻ١
ҽԣãѹǸĵġ
Ӳ̫غ£Ӽ̶ֺλС壿
ҽ²͸̫ӵ˼һССҽҲҵֻѯʾˣ˵װ۾ַ֪˻ǵãҪ°һܲݻʣ
ͷβɫûֻޱǰ⻰Ҳû߾ôھϡ
ؿһŻڶ𣬷ǵϧȣǴηѪ졭
³һʱҡͷˡʱ̫ã¹ٵҲѧƤëûаӽ¹ַ࣬򲻸ң»Ѱҽ
˵괹ͷܸо̫ӵĿͷǶֻ̫ܿӷڰϵ֡
漴ƺ̫Цһ˵ǫ飬ž˵ҽش洫츳ǹĿĪҪԷƱˡ˾ܰļǵõͺá
üͷҪڼܾʱʱ̫¡
̫Ȼھϣ̫ʵ£
̫ŲĲ£˹˵˿̫̾ҽԺ˵ǵ˻ϵĿͣմ˻ظһա
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̫ӷڰϵָ߬ɫڳˣǷ־ͻȻһ˫ȻĹ̫ӵǱ͵һ߬¡


36 
һ
߳ʱͷۡ
̫վھͷĻȴ, ָԶƲ飬һ˫۷·ҹݷ, 䲻ͻ˹
û˿ת, ̫δ, ҲΡ
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ԭİΣû뵽վͻˣ븮ʱû˻, ȴѾڹ, Ȼֱûظ˹
Ȼ, ûƼ˻ǲ, ŲҲ̲ס
߳ûԶԶԶƼһ˳߶, Ϊ׵һɫĳۣü񣬱΢, 峺ü۶ǴȱΪ⡣
Ƽ۾һû뵽׼š
һμǼʱ򣬵δ, ַô, ؾʱҲû, һһؾǹ˶ա
һõһԣ۵ͷϻ̫ҽԺҽʿͳһ̣ñӣϵͷϸӦϲ
ǹУ˿ˣ͵˽󲻶ԸԸ׼ǣû׼Ŵк
׼һ˾ʱһͬһ񣬲δԡ
׼žʱһͣ
ͷϷ׼º͵ԭǾˣ˵˹̫ҽԺҽʿ⼸տɻϰߣ
һ׼Źϵ׼⣬ӡ󼫺á
׼ŵĻҲ̲ס̧ͷ۵״Ц⣺ʦ¹ڹлã̫ҽԺĴ˶¹ٶշ
׼ŻҪȥֻ̫뾰˵˼̧뿪
ģø׼ܹ̫࿴һۣǰԾʾЦЦ͸׼뿪ˡ
Ϊ׼˵˼仰ǰ̫ӿһȵ̫ҽԺԶԶƼ̫ҽԺеͤüȲ裬Աŵ̫ҽԺԺʹ̧ۿһϲүҽʿˣҪλˣϲɺذ
û̧ͷֹһڲˮʯǰϴһɫĳֻһɫ壬Ͳ԰׵ɫĵüҪΪһ塣
ԭΪԶˣɫ뿪ʱҪѣ̲ס࿴ۣү
ѯʶԷ״뵽ǹиǽжĻѹ˻ȥ
ɫãֻƤһۣôôã
ûڣŵ̴ӳһ£ʵʵ̫ͣǱ۾ǰ˾ʱΪ̫ӻⲻʵַãԡϷˡ˵үҪ˳ŷˡ
룬ⵢĻǾЩüͷδ
ߵ̴һһʮ;Ҫȥ̫׹ʦһˡ˵䡣
û˵˵˭Ȼ̴ѹʳ׹ʦʶֻо
û룬ӦͷҲѯ˼䣬׹ʦҲǹ¹١
Ӧ˾䣺ͦĵġ
ûеĻлϸȥƳɫү˵𣿡
ʱʱ͵ֺۣš
ԺʹһϽЦй˳ȥǰүôûҪӷϴ̫ҽԺղæҽʿտһЩż
ԴǼЩζԼģֺþҽʿǼֺ
ѵˣһȣϵǵԺʹǶö࣬ܲЩ̫ҽԺҲûϵɣ
͵Ƴһ󣬺ѹûɫûһ¡
ɿֹϵȻѹֻڱ棬ѹûԺʹ⡣
ȳ˹ϻʳͷʣүôͻȻˣʲô𣿡
鷳ӣðȻϾ͵ۻܲϲˡ
һֱۣʱָֻ᲻صһԵİۿ˾һۣˣȻҪһϸ״
ɫ΢䣺˵ÿأ
ıĪһ˵㼸̫ҽԺúˮĲı£
ү˵ʲô¹٣¹ٻǷүܶ飬Ȼү¡Σղôоүǻ˴̣
ȥȷû˵ٻŰѻת˻ƾЩ˵ҲܡӦһ»ʵۣٸ״ȥ̿͡
²ͷһ͵ۼȻˣݸˡ
үɫüɫϴμɲûµӡ
ҲûһЩ۷ˣȫҪʲôģС
˵ǱϷһɫָһЩѪɫ漴Ӱ׵ˡ
һ廹뵱ĺҪڱһ߹µĻ棬ȷû书ġ
ֻûЦһǾ˼ղñĿ࿴˵̫רἰǰ£ǿҪˣǴ㽫£
Σү̫Ǻߣôܿ¹٣
ܲ˽̫ӣҪǸ֪ͼģһԼΪô£̫ӾͲôݵĺ֡
񲻹֪ڲ׾ǰ£̫ӾԼõأ£һˡ
һۣ־ûʶ̫Լûס
վھ⵹Ǿûô򵥣ֳЩɲ̫ԸðԣԽǵòԽץС
뵽⼸̫ǻӵĴţǼٶˣ̫ǿϾˣ
үǲлҪ¹˵ͻȻĿ⿴ûë̲סʵ
תߣȻҪϷǾݵһЩѾͬʵ˵ˣˣչ˱¾ͷϣ⼸Բ
̫ҽԺҲֻҪպͷչԼһҽҽʿͷˡʹҲԶ⼸شѧܰϷһá
ʵʵڸÿһ˸װҩ⣬ڡ
꾩Ѿ磬ȻǺѹѹģܿͷûýݽˮϵϢʼ
ٽʱ־˼һЩҪһΣڹʦǰĿյϡ
û׼żģһʱʱ򻹹ûججΪ̫ӸǰվȽŸ֣Ƿ˰ѧֶ޲ý˯ʱ䶼ѧȻֲ˼עԵġ
ͦ׼ģ̫ҽԺһЩҽʿԺҪҪһͬȥʱͬˡ
˵׼רΪ̩ȱģӦ̫˵˽Ǳߵ½طҲˣѰͷ׼żһ
̫ҽԺֻҽʿòãƽʱСҪ湬й˿һҲȥ֣ҽϲùߵҽʿ
ϴ̫Ǵרָȥôһء
쿪ʼʱֲҽʿмҽҲȥ֡
ȵ˵طǲҿԶԶţٹŮ̫Ҳ͵͵ǱƣﶼǾη羴
ҲǸȥĿյϣΡΡ¥ǰǺΰĹʦ
ǰедĵɫ׹ʯһһʥĬ
׼ŴʢװĹʦ߳ͬɣͬɫ۵ͯӣüһ죬ȴԶ׼ŵò˵ľöࡣ
׼ü׹һʯͷϵĹʦڸ⻪¡أüۻ߳ҷŵ̫ء
ͷһμģ׼ţԭһѾ̫ļģ˿̷·ʵ壬ӡ̣ƿߡ
μһʱֱ·߲
ǹŮ̫ѹ͵ϣ˷뼤ĳ羴
׹ʦϹʦ״ΨһӣòϹʦѾﵽָ߶ȣûϺ̫ĻϲԺǡ
˵׹ʦ壬֪Ǽ٣˵ܶصĴţÿһʥŮҽ˵áֻ˵ÿһιʦǳ壬ȴ֪嵽ǲطѹڣ
ôܣҪĲϹʦôģ
ò˵׹ʦ˵ôʦģõģֱ·
˵ˣʦۣ¶𣿡
ŶӰѹúܵ͵Ҳ֪ЩŶĶǼٵġ
ȷи˵ҲΪ
һҲ˵Ե̸ἰԼôҽʱõҲ
ͷոտһĻ𺳣·һ̱Ҫͬҽʿǻ̫ҽԺʱС̫ȥ·
С̫̬ȹֿˣʦ롣
ҽʿ쿴һۣȻû뵽ʦȻʶϽʾãҾһȥ澰˽һ
ֵлȻ֪׼ôȴͬС̫һͬȥ˹ʦ
С̫ൽ˵ⲻ̤룬ֻ۹;ȥ
ͯһֱ˵ǰܿտյ׺ڻϻǶҹ飬Ÿûʶء
ͯӵ˺¹ϵţʱ߳ǻ¹ʦһѰ׼ţü۴º͵Ц⣺ðȻ뾰˹
ֻһ񣺡˿ֻǲ֪¹ٹ£
׼ž˰ǰ赹ˮһǳɣˮƹȥŻûб£ֻϴμ˵治ԣҲû˵ǰˣǺˣ
˲ˮüҲֻ˷纮ûͺˡ
׼̲ס۵º͵ЦŨЩ˵Ҳ֪ô£ż棬ܾú;ʶܾáڹ˲죬ѵüҲΪ֪ǰר˵ǸҲ֪ǵһμʱ͡
׼ֻв۵ľ룬׼ΣæǶǴˣ¹ٲǣˡο͹ˣ˵治ھΡ
ǵúܶ׼ŵ£׼ἰҲһʵĸоͣ˵¹ٻҪлˣһμǴἰϣ˶һʱ֣ʱҿܻҪ߲·Զڼְܶ׼ţǵһĺܸл׼š
׼ҲӼദˣ⣬һȻǴɣܰﵽҲһ׮¡
׼λ˵ϴ£ǱǸ⣬ƹȥһҵĸרյƽܱƽϲ֣ĪҪ
ô᣿Ƶĸ۵һƬͣһΨһһѣҲǰܶˣǰԷģ£У¹ٶû´μҡ
׼۵׶ΣѣĪҪ´Ĳʲôˡ
뵽һҲûٿףԺѰĻᱨԷȻô˵ˣԺҲҪҾˣֳ
׼ŻһЦͬģѡ
һֱϳ۵ҲЦ⣬һʱ򾰳Ϊ˶ǻˡ
һʼʹ׼ŵҲûĳ飬֮ȻȴǸһ㣬ֱ׼Ϊ£׼Ű١
ҲΪǰĲΣ˵ѣδ
ͷһ֪׼ŵ֣͵۶һ֪
뵽⣬̲סͷĬһ飬ѣ۵׵Цԡ
Ϊڼ˼׼ϣھԺǰͤʱԺߣѹûע⵽ͤˡ
ֱ߳һξ룬һ˳ϢˣǶԱӶ𣿡
һ㶣Ѹٻͷķȥжξͤүʲôʱģ
󣺡ʼվ
Ǳ߱ʶԼ˵ʲôӵͿһ̫ڣһʱûү
Ŀ˿һƬԼͤ˸ǹŵĵԵںҹﲻѡϹ
о˼ȣͿһ¹ٸ飬û̫ע⣬үô羰ϵĿ羰ǲ̫Щ
ȴûشüž
Ӹով̤Ժͷ־ƽʱ̫һ˱ƽʱҪɣ鼫ãִδá
ƽʱԷʱĽС΢ͬرüͷøƺ鼫ã
վͤ£ף̫ҽԺչ¹ٵģȻ
㶼ȥ̫ҽԺôˣǰôûôãȻţվôԶʲôˮ𣿡
ⲻԼλԵ̧ʰ׶ϣվʯǰʵʵҡͷү˵ﻰֻ¹һ죬糾͵үۡ
һĿӾ滺ü۵յװ磬ȷƽʱûʲôͬΨһžǡһң
üǶңɫϸƵѩУ·µϸķҲͦ죬ΪСģĺϸȥģ⾫ء
⻹㣬β˷ƽԼ׺ŵʯѵһĺóɫǲɶõʯ
еķģɫ


37 
һ
оΧ, ˸˳ĿԼϣʳү, ⸣𣿡
һۣЩʱû, ˭͵ģ
˵͵, һϵģûҪ׼ŵĹϵ̹ȻŶ׹ʦڹʦǰ¹پȥˡ׹ʦΪǰרѰ¹ٹȥǸţ¹壬רյĸ, ˵ܱƽ
˵͵Ƴһ, үɫÿˡ
, ΢, һ£үҲҪôһĸ, ´μ׹ʦ¹ٿ԰үҲһ
רģ̫ͳȥ
Ǳ̨ʣЦˣǵһ
ĸһƼˮ, ʦƽһƽʱֻ̫õĸ
˶һ֪
üž׹ʦε飺㲻⸣⣿
һ㶣뵽үĽǶȷĻһЩ
׼ź˽⣬ԷһΪ̶ֳ, Ȼ׼ŵġ
ү, ׹ʦΪ˴, Ļ£ȱΪǸɶõ֮ˡ׼źûԽԽĿ⣬ԽԽֱͣ˵ڡ
׼ŶȷǺãվĽǶ׼ǳ͵ߵģվλá
̾ү׹ʦ¹ٱ֤й¶үֺүԷġȻүǾüʹҲףԺ¹پ׹ʦҲɡ
ĿǰƲȣһʼҲǴ㲻׼ŹӴ׼š
׼ʾãҲӶϾǰܶˡ
վĽǶȴֲһϾֲ֪һЩ¡
⾰׼ʱѡԼɫ˲٣ֻߺһôҪ
ô׹ʦҲûôر
̹ȻϾͬԺֶˣҲͲôˣԴΪزŶԡ
󣺡
Ҳ֪Լô˵ˣֱˣֻӣ϶ӶˣȻԼԺӡ
춼ûҲ֪æΪ۲Ĳ
󣬳ϵҲѣһֱͣˮùصҲӼֹۡ
꾩Ϊˮ࣬Ǻõġ
̫ҽԺҲΪȥԶںˮӦ֮ߡ
صǺֹ󣬻ߣΣնѰ¡
̫ҽԺ͸ˣȴҲһ飬͵һʱ֪࣬ǸбµģҲԤУκֲδ̫İ
ֻϧôںֹΪǵһȾߵģûþûˡ
ǿʼ߳׿ƲסΪô˵ҲһĻң޷ƿء
ּ̫ȥһʼѹƲסǾϻȥżȻõߵķӼϲ;Σһѡ
ʱһҲ˳£ôס
ԼģȴҲ̫øס
ξȻȥݣǸ̫ҽԺһͬǰǻȣҲֻǰȥ취ôˣٰѷӸôֺù١
̫ƾõհǣҲ롣
һʼ㽫ӽ취뵽ȵӣһõǰݡ
ȥ·;ңԶϴǰȥĸֱ͵ȥд˾
͵۲ϣһ·Ǽأѱ͵۲
ϻжδ⣬ðա
̫ǳ͵ۿصĴ˵̫ιȥкô̫ӹȥĻ͵۲º֣ʱĻôֻҪðվС
ͨһзֻҪʱȾС
̫ҽԺһֱС΢ΪеԲԡ
͵۱ѩƴӸ͹۸˶ʮĻʵۣ⻹ͷһôˮ಻ʮǰ¡
ϻʵۻʱҲһΣֻǴǰȥֵǵʱĴ֡
Ǵ´󹦣øմãҲԴӸֳޣһʱѹλӡ
ڸʵʱȻΪȴ־ܾȥ˵Ҫһɢү
ʱģԭΪλˣһĸֲͬʵۣǻλֻġ
˭֪һ󸸻ʼݱȴگλ˴֡
͵·һŵٹ٣ɫѿɴֱɢ
ص鷿Ƽ̫ӣֻһüͷ̤ȥ󣬳͵ϣվ̫ӣνݵ£ô
̫ӵظʣô˵ı£˴̫⡣ֻ¡
͵û˵Ҳżֻʲô
̫ӻǿ˿ڣֻ»ͬʮǰƣߣʱǲǴ鷳
ǿƲסڹ񶼽һѡ
͵׵λû̫Ӳ²͸ʵ˼񸸻ôˣֻӲͷƤȻܵõѻߵķӣж⣬ֻϧⷽʧǿϧˡ
̫˵꣬Ըо鷿ղ̫ԣҲ⡣
һķӻ˼ǵأ
˵λѻ̫ã˵үʱΪõй־ڴˣܳȥɢү
Ҳ˽˽Ӽ¼ڲֻϧѻ嵱˻ʵزһûˡ
Ϊʵǻ̫࣬ˮջ˲ٹиּ¼Ҳ̫ҽԺĸԼ
ջٲ̫ҽԺܶѪ¼̫ҽĻ䣬ûþ͸ϻ硣
νݵ·̫Ļȥ˲飬ҲǿϧǼѻƹߵ̫ҽΪϻ󶼲ˣǳʧˡ
̫֮ԸἰҲŸλָƣҲЩϻ̫ҽѷӸ߹ˣȥһ飬ŷȥݣҲܿӻġ
͵òŻ˿ڣֺγ֪ϧݻ᲻Ҳֻǲ²⣬̫ӻĪҪ¡
ɡ̫ȴλá
͵һۣ̫ӣ޶ǿأҪ֪ûߵķӣһȥܻܲ˵׼
̫ӲͷƤǵЩ̫ҽĺ˻ǵá
͵۲֪뵽ʲô鲻ǲ̫ܣ̫Ҳֻ˵°ˣ˵Ǹϻ磬ʵЩ̫ҽòɴֲضھûη˰ˡ˵׼˸ϻ磬ʵ뾩ǰѾû
͵˵ʱƮƮģ̫Ī˸ԼӦˣֻźûˡ
̫ӹ֣ˣǶ֮
͵̫ӣ֪׷̫ӣֻҪ޾˭Ҳλá
̧̫ۣ䶼Ľʣʧμɡһֱ֪ʶԶ⡣
͵۵׵Цºͣȥæɣд𰸣˵û޲ϣ֪
̫Ӻܿ뿪鷿ֱʱ͵̫ӵķԭ΢ЦºʹƵü۴
һߣ̫Ϊ͵۵ȻԭһֱüҲͲ٣ŵеͣûôһֱš
ֻϧֻάֵص֪ĸˡ
̫ӻ³ȥ˻ʺ
ʺΪȵĲͷ̫ɫ̫ãôôã
̫Ӵۣӻ£ſڵ³󸸻ʺ˶ȥһһصЩʱĸôʱˣ
ƽʱȥ밲ܼĸ
ʺ̾Ϣһݵ˵ˣ
̫ӲµΪ¶һڣȥʡ¶£ԲԸǰ˵аš
ʺԴŭô˵ˣǲɵ֪ǶõĻ᣿ʱ£ǴöĻеһȥʱ֪ȴʲôκһ˹ģΪʱɵ㣬ѵۿɾΪŽغ˻ʵۣԸɰվ㸸ǿȻʾ㸸ʸʺϵʵۣǵˡ
񸸻
˵㸸ǻʵۣǳѵãֵõ㸸ʣЩһֱ͵ĵûκγ㣿һûκȴڹվȣ㵱ƾʲô㸸ʵĳ谮Լȣ㸸ʻѡ˭ʺɫ࣬ɸ̫ӡ
ͻֹȥ̫ʹˣ粻ֵܶˡ
̫ɫ΢䣺ʲƭ
˵⻰ʱѾû̫ĵҲ߬
ʺûҲֻ㸸Ϊ϶İӣѵõĺûᣬһ˹ġ
ʱʹ㸸ٻҲˣĸ˵ƽʱϿЩĸӣĸܺ㲻ɣ
̫û˵˵ǲẦҲ
ҪλãֻסԼĻλԼסΨһĴˡ
̫Ŷ߶߶ͻȻĸ֪û߷ӣʹǰȥЩҽû취뵽취ҲȾߣʱȥ޻𣿡
ʺѿڶ뱾
ߵĻ˻ȥֻôĻṰˣ
̫û˵ʺ󿴳̫ԽԽƿأ֪βܱƵ̫ݣЦһ㣬ʱ̫֮λϵ㡣
̫һֱʺ뿪ǰϣþöûԳЦĸУʲô
Ժ̲ס£ԴӾἰҹλһδٴλ¡
۾ȴоԷᣬϸδ˵⡣
ֻôôأ
ΪǻݵʱҲûô
սҩһҩֺã߳ʱҩⵥԺӾó档
ߣ˼üͷ壬ƫͷȥֲԶɹҩݵĵطһˣֱͦһòĵշˡ
ɫ̫ÿת񣺡¹ټ̫ӵ¡
ôʱˣһλûģ۾
̫ϴεľûǾϲ;̫ҽԺơ
𣿡Թеβ˽𣿵ô;Ӷյ̫ҽԺ
ֻ̫ûģݵ¾Ӧ˵˰ɣ
װɵ𣿻Ӳ̫Ӷ¹Ӧ˵ʲô𣿡
̫˵ǽطŤǻݡ
ӣĸǽʿ˵ȡʱүĸãĸ磬Ըɴȡôһ֡
̫էȻݵɫһǲǻֹµûϳ㣿ǻݹ¡
¹ҡӦһ䣬漴һͷ¹ٻԺʹҪ¹٣ҪûµĻ¹پȥæ
˵ѯʣɽѾԺߡ
̫ͷҲӿһﲻǸһʹ̥˶õС壬ﲻˣ
ֻ뿴һۣһصֱӱĸоôôִô
û뵽˵ͷͣһ£֮ǰ˵ԼΪ⻰㲻
Ͼǰλ̫ӡ
̫ӿ쵽ǰʱһ뾰ϵҽʿϲƿҽʿˣǲģҸմǱ߹һ˵Ͻ͹˵һ̫ӵ£¹ٰݼ£
ҽʿէȻ󼸲̫ӣŵ˸
۾һ˯ͷϽͷԣҵģ˵Ҫ̫ӣ¹ٻҪȥүүȵ̫ãˡ˵ղ̫ӿڣŻŵҽʿܡ
ҽʿҲһһֱ̫ܵҽԺ⣬ҽ᣺ҡǾôˣ̫Ӳήɣ
̫˻˽⣺ĺˣʶ㣬ҪҲǽҡȻ̫ӹ˼󣬷ϴҲһҪ͸Ͻˡ
Ǵߴ٣˵ˣأ
ҽʿҲٴ̫ҽԺɴʹžոϢķߡ
ߵһ룬ԶԶƼԺʹҽõһԣ
Ժʹʱڰ֣֪˼Ǿ£ͣ½ŲͿһҽʿѰ
һȣȻԺʹû˵ʲôǲ̫ڣ
ԺʹźȴЦˣҽʿӦѰҪҪͬǰݵ°ɣǾȥʰɣҪͬһͨǰݣǾԺȻҪǲԸҲ޷̫ҽԺǰݵҽʿ
һ㶣漴ʶԺʹ˵ʲô˵һ£Ժʹ˵үҪȥݣôܣһʱȥ̫ӣô
ܾס;еοж˽һ߱׳£͵Ҫ
ԺʹףӦò룬ٸմ鷿빬ոľǽݵ¡뿪ʱûȷϵ˼ǰ֡
ϵ˼ЩⲢ̫ãθպֵܽͷһЩҲǻΪ룬Ӧûͬ⡣
üתͳ鷿ķȥ


38 
һ
һ·鷿ܵʱҲûס
ֻһҽʿ, ټʱ϶鷿
㵽鷿ǱҲȥֻܸż
Ӧʹû, ̲סȥơ
ǵõһʱ, ֲȷʱ۶Ǵ, ҲֻǺûӦ
Ҳô֮
ȷһ£͵ȥ֣Բġ
ֻϣҲһǰܾܾȥȥðա
鷿ǰͷ·ʱͣ˫ֳżɽʯ, ڴ
鷿һξ, ۾ǰͷķ, Լûɫ䶼ǵ벻
ʱѾ, ûһͿ鷿ɫű򿪣һ߳
Ϊ׵
ԶƲһ˵ı, 㼱ҲûãֻһԶ˶㣬üǱơ
鷿ߣޱ߳, ԸżϳıӰֹ
նһۣҲûӿӦȻ, ӹ, ˭֪һʱ뾩ܽô죿
Ҳ, Ǵǰȥָ֣ôྫ
һģʱǸ鷳
ڼϳĿӶֱ̤ϲ빬ͻȻƳһֱֱһȥ
һ̶һԡ
ߵ̴ӵ˵䣬̴ܿӾ뿪ˣ˲кûֱӳȥ
ɿ̽ͷȥ̧ĲѾʻ룬߸ɿһˡ
͵ػͷߵ̴ӣ̾ϢһȻǱˡ
ʵ̴ӳһߣպôһ·̧Ų
ÿӣЦЦһۣö˶˵Ĳ̫ҽԺ
һۣ˼ǹУûʵĻʳ
Ķ۵ףȻˣЩʣҸȥ̫ҽԺ˵һ˾Ȼظ汾ҽΣͲȥˡ
ֻ̫ҽԺˣƽʱǱҪҲһʱҲ޷
ż֪𰸣Ҳûܾ
ĻʱĪãôѵá
һ뿪мӰ߳Ϊ׵üĿʣǲǰ̫ҽԺ̫ӡ
̫ԶԶŶ뿪ıӰҧ߬ﲻ
Ǵ˾պٵǴ󱦵ˣΪʲôԸһҲԸΪã
̫ԺǰʺĻԭĳһ̴ﵽ壬ҪЩƣʵҲ㹻ʤλá
Ҳ϶Ļжλá
̫Ǹһۣת˾㳯鷿ȥ
̫ӵ鷿̤ȥ󣬷鷿ﲻиʣүҲڡ
̫ӹڳ͵ȴδֱֱӹ£ʣǰ֣ʳȫ
͵үһ㶣͵ۻع͵һԵ̨ҹȥǰ˵Ķ˵ǲǣ˶
߻֪̫뿪ȥ鷿˸ȸŽ˷䣬ү¹˵
ӻ֣ºֱ̯ۣ泯վš
ǰȲѯʳүǲȥ֣
ȴûشȻ̯֣ôԾ
һʼû֪ʶʲôǲϴʹ˳ˣ
ѾȥۣһĶһ顣
ǻˣô¡
үӦˣ
Ϊ½ߵˣΪ֪𰸴˿̧ͷ̫ܴӶԷпԼĵӰ
Ȳڵķ۱¸ɴ˺һڿǡô¾⣿
ɿ¹û⣬ֻǾý꾩̫Զүǰȥµʱһ;жү֣Ǿ̫ˡ
ͷҲû˵ͬҲû˵ͬģɵῼǵġ
ӦҲôɵԹ̤͵۵塣
ҲżżܹȵõĴ𰸣侲žԼǲ̫
һЩԼ󣬸ɴ͸ˣӰþãһԷŵĸۣô·˺ôˣ
ҧԼչ۴ˡ
˯һڶյ̫ҽԺ˵̫ȥҪȥ֣͵۸ˣ鷿Ŀյһʱűߡ
˵Ҫȥֵ̫ôͻȻȥˣ
̫ӹϾⴢ֮λ˳ʵУ˵˲ʵ£г̫ӵͷ
һ;ЩΣա
ޣ⻰ɲܱˣ㲻Ҫˣ
СЩܿתȥһߣȴġ
һӦҲ㣬̫ӲҪȥֵˡ
ԼֻǶˡ
һЩʱԺʹ˽̫ҽԺټĿҲֻһ
Ȼǰȥֵղѡû̫ҽԺȥһȴǰ϶ġ
Ժʹǰݵ׶˵һ󣺡˵ޣȥĵ¿ԵĿﱨһ÷ڡԼҲúһ룬Ǻ£һߣǼȻȥˣҲҪ׼
ԭ˳һΪˣ⻰Ҳ侲һû˸˵
Ժʹ˵ĿóǼǲӣһȺ˶ûܿȴǰΪһ
ˣ
ԺʹʱҲסˣҽʿȷҪȥ˵̫Ҫȥ֣ܲȥˣ
˵Ŀ⣬¹ȥһ
Ժʹ̲ס࿴һۣһ̲סʵҪȥʡûмǸҶ֪
ѾñдԼ֣¹Լ
ǺֲֻǸ
ԺʹѾд£ԣǰڰû˵ʲô
̫ҽԺ߱ʱڣ߲˵Ҳȥ
߲ɫ󣺡ү㵱Ҫȥݣ̫Ȼ˻𣬵Ӧûָ̫ȥ
͵ۺӣ̫ӵĿأ̫ϢѾȥն̫һҹ˲٣ǲȥһһذշܸʧ
д㣬ȥһ£͵۱ȥȴһ£ȿϾܾ˽ҲҪȥһˡ
һʡó͵϶֣ʹֱӹȥҲ£͵Щ»̫
ϹܼҸ߲ȴǵģ˵үı£һһ
ɱϾңԶǳ⡭үϱϾж
߲ȰԼһôˣҲὫ̾Ϣһ
ʹ͵۲ἰֵ£ҲҪȥһ˽ݡ
ôõһҲõõ길ס
֮ǰȥֻһֱûҵᣬϵʱ߲Σġ
ָ߲Ҳǰݿʼı
߲ἰ뵽үۿ΢죬û˵ʲô
͸߲ǰݵʱҪǰݵϢһʱݵ
󿴵Ĵ飬ü뿪
߲ǰۣҪȥݣүҪȥϢûȷ
Ŵþ֣ȥݣԼ˵·;ңԶ;ָʲô£ֱ߲ӱˣ
߲Ŵ飬֪뵽Щ˼˵̫ҽԺޣֻһʱ䣬µʱүҪȥϣ
Ҳ֪߲ĻǾŹֻ֣
߲̾Ϣһһʼȷλӡ
ֵ̫ͻأϵүСҲ⵽⣬Ŷκ˶з
ʱӴλӶүȷľ
߲ܿ뿪ֻʣǰǰŵȴöûһӡ
ԺվĵЩ֪뵽ʲô̲ס
ôűǵһԼȥϾͲȥˣ
뵽⣬Īá
һֱظʱݺҲûƻ
һ̤͸оԼϵĿֵֹģͷۣ·Ҳû⣬ƽͳһҽʿôˣ¹·ʲôԾ
ҡͷûС˶٣ûס࿴һۣ˵㱨Ҫȥݣ
ô¡
󣺡ôûἰôͻȻ
ӣҲͻȻôˣЩֱֲ˵
ģ۵ҲûʣȷʲôƵģڰ֣ˣȥȥɣǰ߱㲻ȥɣֻǱߣԼȥ˵
ǲĴ磬ϴͷ֣ͦúģǴΪճͷֵܶվȽŸ
ȥˣҲֻӦ
Ҳֻǵӹȥݲף̫Ǿ̫ȥˡ
ֻٰѷӸ̫ӣ˽ݺ󣬻취ôˡ
˼ֿ󣬾ھΪ̫ȥݰ϶ʲôµʱ򣬵ڶʥּȴþ
ץǰҽʿ䣬㵣˻棿ּ̫һͬղǰ֣
ҽʿıһԡ԰
ҲûʲôɣϾԼˡ
ɿ֣ҽʿϽȥͱ˵ȥϢһֵģû뵽ξȻλղһһǴ¡
ھôܵʱ򣬵һʱѹûȥݣһô£
ΪԼĺЧӦ
ھ׵ʱ鷿ոĳء
͵ǰޱۣ·̫ӱֱͦɫ䶼ǲš
ʡգ̫ûס
͵ֻûۡ
̫̲סֺһǻв˺ףǰ͵һŭ֮ӵĶҵġ
͵̧ۣ̫ӣʹˣӲˣѾܲˣԼˡ
̫Ӵۣкڣȴʥּ֮˿Ҳѵĸһޡ
ǰԸʣȴֶЩ
̫һʣƾԼʵһҵ˾áΪֻǳӲŵλã
͵۴Ļ޲˵Щ⣬̫Ӱϣ㲻ڡȥ׼ɣǰݣúøС֣ܻ˵
Ҳ̫ӳԳԿ࣬Ż᳹׶Ϊ·ġ
ЩԶԶõȨøҪ
ֻҪǻ֮еһлд
̫ᣬĥһֻϣ´ĪҪʧźá
һߣһʥּûججģܳʰ
ҴҾȥԺ
վڻµȴӼʱԺﻹģһûôҪȥˣ
ΪԼɵˣһʲô£Ǻ
ȼʱ򣬾黹Щ㱣ү
ڿ飬̧ۣСüô֪ĻΪˡ
үǲȥݵôͻȻʥּ͡Գ͵۵˼ıȥ֣ԼӦˡ
Ϊʲô£ֻ˵ǿǣû˵ȥοⲻǺ£һй˵ͺתˡ
ⲢǺ£̾Ϣһ
˶ӣҲĲˡ
ֻܴӻǰдպ󽻸ô˵ķӵ˹ȥ
ŷŵϵһֽȴûʲô
Ѿ侲үƾ֪ˡ
ü鵹ǲ£ֽ
ֽǾһţһֽϸͲֽױˮʪ
Ϊ⣬ֻΪǾݹģҲͿˡ
ɵȴ򿪺ĶһʼüԽԽأ˳Ĭ
ã̧ۣɫĪģ
Ȼӽ˳ȥҲ˵ǣүȷߵķӡ¹ٲȷνݻ᲻ᷢߣĻ᲻ʮǰһ
󣺡ǴӺδģʮǰǳѵǴε߷ӣ
һǡ
Ź֣ǴӺδõģ
˵ǣүҲ֪¹йһλԵõ֪һЩⷽҲʱõġ
һأ˹ʦιʦ治֪ںδ
׼ûôӴҲἰ϶Ҳ̽١
ŷû˵˾ȴҲû˵ţʵһʼʹȥ֣
ףȻȷܲáȻ¹ٵõЩ¹뾡һ⡣
˻Ķһʼ㽻˭
Ҳû¹Ž֪ôΪǸù٣Ǵ㽻
ɫŹָֿʶĦֽĴ㱣ʳô˱ˣ֪ⶫҪ֮
һⷽӵȷǵѵеǸνǷ߾ȫڴ֮ǰ⡣
óӵˣݡ
ʱ˵ΪݾλͨɻڴλҲֿɵá
ô
ôҪЩ»ܲ⣿


39 
һ
էȻʻһ, Ȼ֪ⷽӵҪԣҲһҪôˡ
ܾȽݰյҩõⷽζʲôκ˶
һʱ̫Ӿƾȴ֮λ, ǺʵҲ޷ҡ̫λ, ⷽӴﵽЧ
ôҲ, ֵֹܾģֻëëĸоԼӦˡ
ͿһүƷ¹ŵùү¹ȻġҩҲ¹٣ʱܾ½ݰգǰ֮Ҳ¹ΪӦ񡣡
Ư˭˵, 󳹵׶½, ҲΪһ׮ݻĺ¡
˵ⷬþû˵, һֱȾҪ, 󿴲ĵطڵ˶Աһ⣬ˡ
⣿үڿĳġ
׷, Ѿһͬ
ⱲȻôҲ߹ȥ·ҪƾԼ, Ϊֳһ·
գȻѾȥģ̹ȻŽǰݵ¡
ΪҪȥ֣Ҫ, иԼ, ͷ˼պ׼, ̫ҽԺǰݱĳӿԺú׼
뿪ȥһ˴ǱߣΩҲһΪ񣬱һòҲҪȥ˵˵Ȱºֵҹ̸һ󣬾Ω˵׼ңհ׼뾩ɡ
֪Ϊʲôõ޷æΣҲûţɴԼһɡ
տʼ컹ã֪쿪ʼΪ׷˫˫ɲϧǰݵڹﴫˡ
Ϣʱ̫ҽԺĿ﷭ҩ䣬빬ʱ쵽ʱſ÷Ĳ߳
һ߳ͷͷǷҩݵҩͯҽҽʿԼ±ߴôƶ¡
˸װ֪ѯг̰ߵҽʿߣһз񣿡˵ѹô£ôôһֵֹģ
ҽʿǴһ漴ҲѹѴ˵һ飬ü˵û㾹Ȼ飬ҲۣϾҡ
ǰҽʿη϶ô˵޷˱ǰ̲ס߿һۣʱദԾ˽⣬Ҳʹŵ䡣
һȣЩ˻ǹеģɣҲںϷ
һҲû˵ж֮񱣬ȻǸֱУ˵һʹ֮ǰҲû˵ʲôˣҲֻΪӦ͵ۡ
ȳ͵һϷҥԿ϶塣
֪ҽʿĺǼˣףһһôôһүҲҡ
ҽʿҲǣΨһҵǶǴţҲû˳ϣʱֻֿҪһ£ʵӰҲ
ҽʿҪʱͷͻȻһܶҽʿڣ
ƫͷǱ߿ȥȿ̽ͷ̽Եͯʱһ£Ͳʮһģϴŵѩаۺ죬ǹʦеΡ
µѰ˭ǰҾǡ
ͯӹ񣺡ҼҴž˼빬ǰݣǡõ֮ϴ˼Ϊչأ뾰˹ȥһ𡣡
Ǵ׼Զ뵽뾩ǰһ棬ϵһҲ£׼Ϊչذ֮ãʱ̻׼Ҳδء
ԳظǰȥϷ˵һ͸ͯ뿪ֻû˵Ŀ⡣
ʦʱӭȥǰĵã̤ȥ׼ţȻһȾѩгۣתü䱯ˣ˿ɫŹ벻ôҪǰݣ̫ҽԺұΪβȥ
׼Źһ񣺡˰ģ¹ֻ뾡һ⣬ΪҽߣβΪϣպҲܶһ
׼̾ϢһˣǾ˵ľֻھλõļ֮⴮һ°ɣҲƽ
æܾϴѾ˴һƽңζȻգ¹ʵ̿֡
˵׼Ǻ⣬֮ﶨǲСգȴܡ
׼ҡͷֻһβУ̫ӡҲУҲΪλҵһƬ⡣αչҲ֪ʱܳǰıˣ˳㾰˽үһһͨ͹ȥǾ˲գҼʹչأҲѰ
׼˵ƹУһһ̴ľ飬˸ơ
ԱߵĽһӣͨɫʯֲ˸ֽɫķġ
²Ӧƣ֮
̧۶׼ǹĵ˫Ŀջŵǰݣҽʱܵõٻ֡
ʱһֶֻһһ֮͸׼ŵл
뵽⾰ɿ˾Ŵ
Ժȥݼ̲ʣգǴδæһֱеġ
ȥʱֻ׼Ҫ͸飬Ȼ֮
ȻŵҲ׼ŵһ⣬ǵʱȥʱ׼ŷҲͷһֻǴ˿ҪȴĪ飬ϴҵ¡
ιʦֻ˳㡭
ܿþѵüŵľ鲻ֻ̧һƣɫֳ
ȷǳˣһˣֶһ˸Ķ
е·ò¶֪˭͵ġ
̸о¶ȶ˼ȣǰǰһڽеϣү׹ʦļ֮ҶС̫ҲУרŸ飬¹ٵƽ顣
˵գרŰѽд򿪣¶ÿһӡ
ЦˣȱôһӣҪʲôò
飺׹ʦרġ
Ķžϵ飬Ƥףǰôһ˵Ѿãݲ٣˿̴ɫӣĵƤ𪡣
ͷȴĪһɭɭЦ£ʲôô㲻ɣ
ӣҡô붼ϡ
ȴЦˣһǰ̬ȣ׹ʦһ⣬鱾ˡ
⣺ô˵
һ俪˿ڣһⲻ˫ɶԣԡ
ֲԤС
ƶžˡ

¹ٵһ飬ҪҪ
󰵳ͫʣ룬ȥ·;͵ָʱʱ˰ɱ󣬶㱣ҲͶһҪȥɡ
׼ŵ壬Ҳһάϵ
뿪̹ȻһϣǶүϾүΣҪ
һٶ㲻ˣֻܰѾܾҪô˵˵Ǹҭ˻ȥŶ
ôôþأ
Ȼ󣬵ҲûƽĶ治öҪ
룬ֿ˿ͻȻ
彩£ѶˣôϸȥҲƲ󵽵׻ôţֻӲͷƤ߹ȥǰվү
ŽߵˣͻȻָ̧Ӳ乴һͷһ鲻壬ǳɫ̶ȶһ㡣
ţ֮
һʼֻע⵽ĶΪҪҫժֱӹĲϣӲŲӵͷ
Ȼع񣬾̾Ҫժвָģժԣ
Цãүģ¹Ųðɣ
ȴǺǽ˱ߵķӣõȷܿ㡣Ǳģ·ǿ
£һ㶣뵽үΪģһԼӰ죬¹ٲܴһ
ʹȡɴв
ôԵˣοˣԼǴӡԸġ
ֻʱ£ŵȸٻ
¾˵ɴϻԼԺӡ
ߺ˳ѶˣŲЩ
յʱգ۾͹ܿ쵽˼ݵӡ
һ羰ϹۣȽʱ̫ͬҽԺĶһͬǰݣֻûͱܼˣүѾ̫ͬҽԺ˵岻ʣһ·ѱˮҪѰһҽʿչˣ̫ҽԺǱɹǾˡԽһ·Ҫ˴粽үࡣ
˵̫ҽԺɣȷвģ
ȷ߸ȫҲ㣬ֻӲͷƤװ֪е֪̹ȻȱȥеС
˵طƼӹҺһǰ
ΩǴ;ģγ͵ΪԼЯٹڳ¥ֶ̫飬ԾΩһͬʹҴҽ˹
ûˣҲû˵ʲôֻʱʱƳһ۾ĲӣڿȷʵʵŲ⡣
һ·ڣû˯ãûþԺ˯ˡ
Ϊһ·̫ӻʱʱ£֪ǲǹ˼ֻԶԶżΣûǰþɿ
þǽʮյ·̣ûд̵ˣѵ͵ĸˣǹ˼̫ҲֵĶû㶯֣
һȻû
·һ룬ԽݽҲãһʼĳ͵۶֣ûȵʱȽһ̫ϮԽԽ
ҲǴ̫Ϯ̫һʧɢ˺һС
ΪԼˣǱʶǿԼǣἰ
ԽԽǸʱȽ󣬾֪ʼնǵá
ʼҹǻεһ£ε谵һһĲιҩЩ߻ҩΡ
һݰ㲻֪ͣЪ
ֱǰɫӣȻڵϡ
һ̳һתۣһ۵СźƵĴۣһſµΪʲôҪҡ
ʹֻ˯УҲֻǱһֻ߬ţʹ̡
ڴڴȴ޷ϢΡ
뺰ȴǱ˶ס޷ڡ
ֱһͳٵԶ
оԼǱҡΣ͵ۣŰξ
ͷ϶亹˿ʪϣһҰɫ
ȶǰˣŶȻɿү
ô£ö˶˵Ҳûȣôج»ʲôΣܼ·
֪Լجˣֻακһζ
þҲͷǶʲô
δĳɢһִסһʱƲ顣
֪ǲǴܾþ˿˶ֵֹģǷʵһ˾ǰȴץסúԶĴ
һȶ̧ͷ򶨵ү¹û¡ͷһ뾩ЩˮүЦˣ¹Ѿˡ
û˵üž԰׵Сûô֣˿̾òʮյĹ򣬾ôôࣿ
Ǳˣ֪ĻΪŰ㣬شơ˵겻Ⱦֱܾƿ˺ش
˿Ѿ⣬ҹһЪҰ⣬רŵǰӪկҹ˯
طһֱ˭
ֻƽʱʱѾˣһֱûѻŲԣ̴ӸϽȥ֪ͨ˺Ѿ¡
Ѿ˿ʼ׼ʳỵ̄ûþͿشҴҹȥȻû˵ʲôȴü۹˾
ʱ͵͵Ϣ˵Ǿ˲ˣˮӹǻ
ȷǲˣֻǲأЩȣ˼һ·ʱʱ꣬ҹ²󣬾£⻹ľͲˡ
ڲأϼҩͺˡ
شд˷Ӻ뿪̴ȥҩһʱֻʣ¾
ﾲó棬ԼûԼ岻ʣ˾ȷ̵ʱ费ۣҪ¹ٻȥϴţһ纮үͲˡ
ûҪʱǸǲϼӲ
֪ΪߵķӶշм֮»ѯʳүһ·϶û£үҲܵģһ
һۣµľ뵡ͷһϹģģµġ
ԣԼ£պ̫Ϯһʱ̫ô˶޷ֵµʱ̫һǽ󵱰ӣ߳͵۳ûףԿ
ǸԽԽԸоԼ԰


40 
һ
ĲĲ, ÿȥҲ죬ҩ֮˯һʻһڰٴͣʱ, ĲҲõ߰˰ˡ
Щһֱûô, ֲ, ѵʵĿ
һȻͣҰⰲӪկʱɫҴҵԼõ
רŵ˷̣ԶһЩҲʱʱнʿѲ
һԭڲԶ˷øɾӲֵ̧ͷˣ
飬չ岻ʵ󣬽һ·ȴ˹
߹ȥһվһԣүҪ¹ٰæģ
Զ͵ƹĿ, ˷䣺㻹, ûôɥĲ, һŲ̱Ȼ, Ҫʵ뾡ģ㲡, еǸ˱ֵĻᡣ
˵ǰʱ黹ãЩζ˵⳯ȥ
֪ʶʲôתͷȥ
Զ̫Ӵһվ, һλҽ֮⻹ûôĻݡ
û뵽ҲˣҲԣݿ, ʹûǷݶ, ݻֶ̫, ǲ֪̫ʲô̬Ǵ֮
̫ҲֻǴ۳һãһͬһ͵͸ˡ
̫Ӵ߹Ŀһֱ̲סھϣЩʱһֱڿƣ֣øʧҲҪһˣ˾û¡
ôãˣ̲סҽһˡ
ʲô˵һǹ˵ģҫҫҪ£ˣԷȴֿɵá
̫۵еı飬۹һС塣
ֻƤֶ̫£
̫º͵˵˲ˣͻһλҽƣ⻹ʮյ·̣ǲǲס˶٣һ䣬ϾǹµľˣһûҲ޷¡
̫ҽϣŶֶ̫˼˵û˿˵ߵĴֶ̫ˣ
⻰̫ҭһ£ôӣ
̫ҧһºСˣ²˼شרΪС忴ҲǵشģСĲ顣
ˮ©ĻȴתͷһԵľô˵̫˵Ҫ汾ء
۹۱ǹ۱ѹû̫ӣ¹ٵĲѾãΪҽ٣ҲԼ
ûشҽԼܸԼβҲͲ̫Ӳġ
̫˼򣬰βЦ£ǹˣҽҲˣǹ¾ȻȥˣСùʳҲЩЪϢһ绹Ҫ̸·
ֻĮһͷޱĿ̫뿪
˲̧ۿȥպöͷ͵͵Ļݣѧƽʱޱ鿴˵ĳģŵûæͷת˻ȥż첽ǰ̫ӡ
˶ˣʲôѾ˼
ҡͷүˣ¹ûֻǿͻȻһ£ݼȻǴģ֪ȹ̫ӵ£ôλݸĪҲ֪żȻõߵķӣ
ô뵽ʱó̫ӳ
кϮһþԭͰ׵ɫӰ׵ý͸
۵ףһ
عȥģպʱãܼҴ̴ӹҪʾ󿪿ڣЩʱιҩˣ̧ǲӦι
ţո˭׿˵˲ôɥĲһ˷̣
תͷˣԲҲܲزɣ
˿飬һѣ
ˣֻǵιʱ֪ʶһججʱιҩʳ
Ϊ̴ӡ
ˣһۣȻأ
Ϲڶˣ
ΪȻιҩ̫˼⵼¾ҲûپԼιʲôֻһĻǰļ˿ĬĬ࿴۾ˣˣٯٯ
ολǺܼǳġ
ùźȴ˯ţ˯ö࣬ʱȴѹû˯⣬ϳ˺Щȥ֮룬ȥʸûϪˮԡ
ƽʱ϶鷳ˣΪ˺ʵǲֻѯԡĵطҪǸûϪˮҲˡ
Ұ֣нʿȥˮ֪ԶһٲֻǱѯʵ̴ӻ£˵Ҫȥ˵ʱѾ¶࣬ջãҹȴһЩ
ٲ̶̶ˮͨϪˮҪϲ١
ڻĲ̶ˮ֮һҲˮ
ֻĻӦⲻ
ǰԼ巢ȣ»ȴϵͳһһЩҩ£Ӧòٳǰ⡣
̴ӿֻܴǰԶ̶ˮ
ֻΪ˾İΣ̴û̫ԶڽʿķΧȦڣΧѲߵҲ̫⡣
ԭöȥЪϢɲùֵջǷ˸š
˵˵طžվڹľԺ󣬾Ҳûˮ˸ɾӲһ»һ׸ɾۣŸ̴ӻص
Ȼص󾰳ҩûҩЧͻ˯˹ȥ
Ⱦڶ˯ѺѾ˵ʲôϾ̴ˣҹѾ֪
ûѯʵþɿֻǵѰһЪϢùûãȴ̴⣬Ⱦ̽ͷ̴ЦЦ
Ⱦ̧ȥֲԶһ׵Сֽȥֻһ֦ɵļ򵥵ļӣܹ
һԣͰˮһͰˮһͰȴðȻǰպõˮ
һ㶣Щǡ
̴۵׶Ц⣺Щү׼ģү˵ˣ´ξҪʲôܸ֪¡˵һƽʱүԼҲҪõģǾһͰ¡
йůӿϣ˵Լͷ˿ʲôоջʲôû˵ĺ⡣
û˵ǹ˼ԼӣҲµʱԼܾԸɴնࡣ
ٻصʱȴһʱ˯ţ΢ĹܿԶİżӡ
һģֿɼ
ִ̧򿪣ϲиܾµľУ򿪣һö壬ǰġ
ʱ˵¸õģȻȥժ
רΪ׼Ȳ˵οŵģûй˼ɡ
ʵʵڵĶ䣬֮ﻹǲϰߣԻ
ƽʱ½󵲵ʵʵδԼδ塣
˿Ǻ֮ָᲦľеۣἸ֮˾ľУ˳ܿãۡ
ΪԼ˯ţܿʯͨ󽥽ͬΪһ壬ûʧȥʶ˯ˡ
ѵ˯úֻܳǲ֪˯˶ãͻȻһ춯͵ؾѣ۾͸оͷдĿĻⲻ˵ԶԶײֻԶһʼΰѼ䲢û
ÿĻ⿴ۣȻΣ⼸һƬԶģײǴǱߴġ
ŲߵĶǰͷȻվתߣȥãİϡ
ģѰлأֻҪ󣬻ػὫ¸һķտռ䣬롣
Ҳǰ㱻һ䵽ɣۺҲãֻΪڵĶƽʱѹš
ʹˣҲûЩ˿ͬ߶һûû书ľҲһ㣬ڸ߲£ͽ¸һ
ȴûĻǵү¹ͷš
ʲôЦӣһһغˡ
˵̫ӸպôҲϵüС壬߹Сĺá
Įһۣضûǿ۾۵׵ĵģɻ󣬷
̫ӵĴǰֱӰͷĻأʱһƬһ㣬Ҳ̫ӵߡ
Ļ˲һϵԶͻȻܾþ侲ͬʱоܵҲֵֹġ
²Ӧ˴̿ͣɵһʱϲһεд̣ȴǰˡ
ôȻεдģԼԾſ侲үոô£д̣
ţд̿ͻϮ࣬ͷĽʿֺʱߡΪ˶࣬󽫾Ҳˣγôཫʿһ˰ΣĿǰ
ҲֻĿǰΪֹ
ȴлǾʱ˼ܻ֮ᡣ
һսѹү˼ǿѾǱڲ
üû뵽ôҲûҪɱȻ̫״ͷͻΧҪɱǳ͵ۣôӳһ׼õġ
ǰûֲ뾩̫պߵһ룬ƬǰҪղ߳ȥǰĸҪһյĹܻȥȱɲǰ󶼲ӦѶֵĺûᡣ
ֻһεĻᣬգǴõĻᡣ
͵ѡôһλãͷĴ̿û£ôĽʿ֣ºֻҪһڣҲ鲻͵ͷϡ
ү֪ᶯ֣һ㶣üų͵ۻΪ˳ϧһдۡ
ֻһʱףûлᣬȴǡ
ЩھΣۣס۵׵顣
ںڰûش𾰳ǰĻǴʣ𣿡
û뵽תô죬һ㶣ˡ
ȴǲţָĦŴյǰָʱ򾰳㽫˦
űָ£һ̼סĴ
ָֻ˹ӣһջ֣ЦЦˣˣȻһ˾׼
ΨһȷľǹǶӣ׼ִشֻҪشڣʹҲʲôӰ졣
οһʼ͵۰嵽һֻǳ͵Ҫ֣ǰó͵ٻһһ֪˲Ƥӵ¡
ô˵ɿֻû꣬ǿʼջеæ
һѣҲµҪ£ֶҪգ񲻹Ǹտʼ
һʱſʼһϮȻʱԵ̫ӡ
ĳ͵ۣǾˡ
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˵ӡĻӵĸãǳ͵谮ӣЩݶ裬λڳеӳ̶Ȳ̫ӣҲ˲ʵ£Ҳ̫Ӹ߳һء
λ⣬ĸ
л͵󽫾ĸϽ
Ȼ֪׼뵽͵۵ˣɱ̫ӵģѱ˳㲻
̫ǴλˣҲǳ͵۵õܣһ̫ҪˣλҪͷҲǲܡ
Ͼ͵۱ֳĶϲѱ˲ô롣
ү˵׼ҪһЩ̫ǴҲͷһ뾩һزȥô̫֮λգԡҲһûᡣ̫ӵĺûᡣ
ڰı鿴˵ⷬһƬţھΪ󲻻Ὺʱ󻺻˿ڣô̫ӳ£ǲ̫ӳ£
ôأ
˵룬ȻҲǴ󲻾Ͼ̫ôԩ޳𣻿˵Ǽٵģʱֻ̫δʲô¡
ԴֳҲһѣ̫Ӷ֣ǰֻ̫Ҫ
Ҳٸ̫ӣѾѡһλʸѡЩȻֱܺ׵˵
ôѻش𣿡ȻսЩŵþһˣϱŻع񣬸˵ЩʲôͻȻϣܸشͷѡ
üû书ȥҲʲôӹǲ̫õģԼʹ֪ԣҲǳȥĺûᡣ
ûʸոյĻɿ֪˶ãŽͣЪûһһйɣеİš
ΣŻڲ򿪻أջأҲ
ű»ָԲԾÿĻȥȿʱ۵š


41 
һ
ǰڰﲢʱȥ, ȻҲ˵ڼúܽȻҲû뵽̫ӵô¡
Ӿ⿴, ˶ڵ, Ůɢһ, ŤŤеϲ˿ڣҲбնɱĺˣȫԾ
Χ˲ȼ֮ɴ⬡
һȻû뵽ŵһȻôӰ졣⻹㣬̫ӶŸ첲ڲԶ, һ, ԶƲ˵Ρ
̫ԱϽĴ󵶵ڵ, ڴڴ, ϵĿȾ˲ѪۣɫҲ̫, ͷһ
򿪻غ̴ӭŶһƬģߴȫʤ, ʧҲ١
뾰߳ǰļǿ򶨶߶߳ҲǱڳܵκӰСľȻ, Ҳز̴Ӻͻ
ô£̫, û뵽̶ֳȡ
̫ӴĿ, ԭĿڿȻʱɫǺ˲٣»صϣɫá
Ҳ˲٣ҪǲСˡ
̴ѹϽүЩ̿ѹΪ壬бϴҩǡ
ʲôü˴𰸣ֵµİǾѵģǶһĶֿҲû취ģֻһɡ
̴ӿ̫ӵҲ˹ȥ̴ֻӱ³֣嶾ɡ
֣̫ӵɫʱ֣߬ز٣嶾뵽ǰԼ̲Ϲˣʱɱ嶾ɡ
̫ͻȻôһˣֲõʱ뿪ʱҪڡҲ⼸꾩̫ڣ嶾ɵ˵š
̴ӵĻҲ˶ĻʧϾ̫嶾ǣҲܡ
شкԾΣѾʼ˼飬ʱҲǰ󲿷ֻԵĽʿеȷ嶾ɳİٶɢжʱʧ룬ԲѣҩǺ䣬˺ͼ˵ȴסЩ̿ʱڵϺͼͿ˲ͬĶ嶾涾
شĻһ˵ɫ䣬̫Ͻһˣһϻ˼
̫ȥԼǰŵ˿ڣոѾͿ˽ҩǰѪɫ˿ڴ˿Ѿʼɺںɫҩ忪ѹ˿޷ϡ
ϽʼⲻֻĿȴڲԶϣ˵ʲôȴûڣֻ̾Ϣһ
Ӹովע⵽̫ԾʱоϽ̫鲻̫Ծ
ҲףΪǰ׼˵ֻᣬ˰ٶɢԵҲ࣬ǻֵĿԼߡ
ɺ̴ἰ嶾̫֮ӵ˵ĿȻͱˣ˿ûٻɵӣǡ嶾žԲܺĿܡ
ϽôȥͷֲԤС
ڴ󲿷ֽʿֻǻԲˣشƹ֮ȥҩɢĶý⣬涾Ȼý⡣
嶾־ͲѰĶ
̫Ͻǲ̫ĵģþͷɻ
ܿһ׵ΪٽʿԣԻҪԭصʱװҲҪ´ηǰ׼˲ҩݣʱٴǰýҩҲͲС
ЪϢʱȥæ̫ҽԺҽҽʿڵҲòкܶʣɴȥʱ
ǵʱȥæ
һȥ񣬾̲סڣүոϽһֱô£ܽ涾
û˵ֻޱһԣʱش߽ʻ̾Ϣһ
شûֹҲϲãڲ˵Ժ󾰴Ҳ֪ڽͣүܽ涾
Ǹոաɿ
شĻ˾ĽңүȻܽ⣬ү̥еĻ嶾һƶүЩõĸֽҩڵѪãȻܽ嶾ɵκһֶ
شĻþ㶹֮͵ȥ󣬺߷һĿüô岻ãҲǵһ֪
˵ЩʲôаοĻ󶼲Ҫ
ֲõʱϽֻʱȻûôˣϾֻҪƳҩǾⶾҲ⡣
شεϮĿһʼү
ĬشĻ΢һƾܲ˽ˣϽһʼ󣬵嶾Ҳû˻ɡ
ϵǴ̥ģҲ͵ͬ˵ĸֶģȻ嶾ǣ
ôһˣȻ䲻б˵̫ӣȴֻ˵ֱ۲δֱɱôǵĿֻ̫ԼϽֶ̽ϵĶǽ˻û⡣
εҪôǳ͵ģɱãɱ̽һĵϸûлָҪô嶾֣˵ݾͲòˡ
ǳ͵ۣ̫Ӷڣ
شһֱûڣֻӲͷƤʵүҪô죿Ҫ̫ǽⶾ
ϾҪʱƳ涾ĽҩܣǾͿߡ
ͫĮҲϢŭֻЦ£Ȼ֪ǲһӣô汾ϵĶûн⣬Ǿ֪ˡ
û˵ľΣж棬͵۲̽Ҳ֪̫ǲǴҲܡ
֤ȷж岻ûǷһ·ϰȫ٣ҲΪһӡ
ֻǳ͵۸ɵģҲ̫Ҫˡ
νһʼȻó͵֪ԼҲûҪʱҴš
شõͬɿȻ²صĿǰȷǲǳ͵۵˼жΣڵϦĳֶ̫Ͻ
ʱϽϵãºϽүүϰæҲԤ֮ڡ
ûش֣ذһѪܿʱС롣ýҩҪѪ಻٣ЩҲ㹻ˣǲӰ졣
ʼùذʱͽת˹ȥδȥֱشϵ𣬾ת߹ȥӹشɴͽҩɣشȥýҩɡ
ش򿴿ֿүȵõͬŶѪ˳ȥڸڵʼýҩ
üı̫࣬ԭ˿ϵ̧ھϡ
ý˲úãü۶ǡô
βĵطžĿ⣬ܵĽëΪԭĳɢһ硣
ǶȿģһִĪĕiУž˾Щڸ
ڸ˲Ѫžģ̲סָ̧֣üͷϸ˸
ԭеעڸϣէȻ£̧ۿĶҲֻǲһ㿪үҶҪǰã˿ڲ׳á
Сˣñܹ㲻ɡҲûֳ࣬٩ǰҲֻ˵˳úãȱģҪʣţողŷ֣˵ȷйƻĵʱǲ֪ԺļҵĹ
Ѿβһ̧ۣү˵ʲôӦ¹иȢλǧ𣿡ȻҲǲܵ£ҲûҪĺ˵
Ͼһ֪ʱ˵ΪԼ
Ҳһ˵˭֪ȻӦˣü˵ʲôʱ򾰳ȴѰɴһ۵üҪıɱ
뵽ո˿ȴ˵ͷĪĲʲôԭ򣺡үԼӶôۣ
ĪŻǹı̫أ
վȥʰҩ䣺¹ûô˵ҲԼٶ̫أҩʰ׵ɴ౳¹ȥæ󿪿ھʹҴߣӦĻᡣ
û뵽˵ͷҲû˵ģƤô
߳ȥʱպ˽Ǹ߲ȻҲǸûãҴҹҲû˵ʲô߽ȥүô
Ѿ߳ȥͷۣջߣҴȥ̫ҽԺæ
֮󣬸߲ϸȥɫʧѪɫ԰Щĵطǻã߲ɿôͬˣ
ĲŪϰɴβˣָһûһòţô̫ӣǿϽ游˵ķϣѪҲҪġοһЩҪȷֻЩʱܸ߸߲
߲г㣬ἰүȦЩʪ󣬵Ҳû˵ģֻ䣬æȥ̲ҩ
ǱһֱæʱԹʼ·ֻԷϸҲǰ˽ҩԷ⡣
ڽһ·ֱҲûϮ˯ǰȥĻָҪõÿ죬ϲҩ˲٣ɫѾָҲµġ
ʱպÿһͬǰл̫ӺϽ
͵ͷҴ뿪ˣ̫ӻ˵ЩʲôżϽŽ
ֻ̫ܽĿӾǱջ̧Ͻȥл
һֱȶ뿪µĻɫޱ飬ϸᷢͫʺڳףܶɽ
ֱһлָһƬţаϢǰԶϥأҲѹüֻͣܶүԷжˡ
ﾲĶӣȻƲ
һİͳ죬ʿֻķԸӲǰӵүʱŵģֻү˭Ͳ飬˭֪ϾȻ֤ʵүĲ²档
һûүһֱشʱ䲢ûκβֻͬǰүСѪЩѪشֻһýҩһֵѪⲿѪҪʲô²
ֻƾشһѪͲشýҩֱӳүᡣ
ش򲻽ûᣬôػأֻ֤һ㣬ش򡭡⡣
Ϊʲôشһ벻ͨ
شүˣҪĳ̶߲£Ҳ׾ͿʼүҽĶˣ˵ЩүشС
شүֹȥкܶλᣬҲشܱεԵɡ
οشĸĸΪүȣشҳүү£Ǿү
ƫƫܣȴȷ⡣
һһֱûүͷ亹ðүҪˣش⣬ΪõĽҩʱҪ𣿡ƽʱÿεǸʱүΨһ㣬үʱǷشѹƵҩƣǡ
ˣѱشᶯ֣ȻĿǰԭ֪ǲԣʱүĻѱᱻ˷֣ʱүΨһҲͱ¶ˡ
ôȻһү㱩¶ҪԸү׵öࡣ
ֻ
һ뵽ʱĴ̽ӲͷƤүʵһ취Ǿþ֪£쵽ʱɾ»أʱо
һĻޱ俴ʱȻֹҲ֪ðգʱȷΡ
ֻΣû书ʱһʩѣܻΣգĿǰ˵Ҳֻ취
ƽʱֻо˺үͻȻñ̴϶˻ɣҲб¶Ŀܡ
ջߣնСðգʹ֮һĿܳҲȥ
ԼʱʲôԼ
֮ԻỳشҲΪ⼸شõҩ⡣
ΪһʼȫΣδɣɳԹһκȻƽʱܾͬò̫һһֱֱܵԼʹţɻ˼ش
ȻûٷЩҩ⼸չƾΪѹѾףһиһǡ
Ͼʱƽʱһǣ⼸ûҩ֪Լʱ᲻᳹ʧȥǡ
֪˶ãһΪ»Ҫʱ˿ڣԸȥ취һң·̫Ͻһߡ
ֻҪܹһС
һһ㶣Ŀǰֻôֻǻûһ꣬ѡһԴ£
һ͵һ̧ͷſȥȴηѸٵͷ˵ôܣʱڣүǱиһүʿ
뵽ոտһۣһʶʲô˸ջͷ£
һûô˯ãүĶε̣̫Ϯӡ
һʱҲʱ̫һ˷ֿΪ˻˲ٿͷ
Ⱦе˯ʱɫѾˣǿ˱ѵĻ磬Ѿڻѱߵźš
󿴵߹̧̧ۣȾĿûô˯õϣǲϣһȦջߡ
֪ͷȿԼΪû˯½û¶һǣպܿԭصʵʵӣ뵽ոζĿ⣬Īһ죬Ͻ½󳶺ðȥôëôˣ˲ģ


42 
һ
ܿ콫˻ȥ, ָָԱߵλã㱾š
˵Լȥȥ̫ҽԺǱ߳ԣ˳ȥжЩʿĿЩ׵ı, ȻȻֻСѪ, ״, ̫á
Լֻǲ뵱ô˵治ӣȥӹ̴ףۣһࡣ
ĿǰЩҲûܳԵġ
ʢһ룬ݸԼʢһ, Ϊæʵ۵, û˯, θҲһ, 뵽ϻһӲҪ಻, ʢһ롣
Ⱥŷһôˣ
ȴĪЦᵽǾ仰ˡ
϶ûʲôûҲȷ棺ʲô
󣺡Сӣӡ
Ҫ˵Լһϵڶټһܵүү, ᲻Լռˣ
Ⱦ㲻һʶȥѯ̫ҽԺ˴ҩݻæҽνʿ˲ٻ֡
ĻܴϵͳһһЩѰҩ, ҩҪĻֲ, Ȼܶһ˶, ̫ӵϮܶһһ
ȴھվʱס
ͷүзԸ
ȴǻӻ̴֣Ӵһǰտõһֻӵ˹ζʱþʱ
ʱЦ˳ողǿθˣԵ㣿
̾Ϣһǹģոƴʱô˵ﻹжܼԣ
˲󣬾һ񣺡¹ѾԱˡүѪЩү
濴һۣȷ⻰ĵģҲûǿӻ뿪ˡ
һߣȴҲûֻõӣ̴Ͳú׼̡
Ǹ̫ҽԺһߵģ̫ҽԺȻ˲ˣж˵Ľʿ٣ֵ׻ǲ̫Ϊҽʿ̫ҽԺ˰æԼš
һֱæһ磬ʱһЪϢʱɿȥѰ󣬿˭֪ߵǰͻȻԶٴδϮ
ͷһһƣûü壬ͻȻһֱֱۣӽɵ֪㣿
ɡôԴտյģϮҲУôʱ
Ѿ»أڰƲı飺֣ǰ˵ˣǿʼ
̾Ϣһβ֪ʲô
ǰú˲ٽҩٲٳôжԲѵĽʿ
µòνĺܿ죬Ȼ˵Ĳ٣ˣû˶ġ
һ̽ǵĵϸ
Σսͬ˵һּƵĶ
ȻûģϽɫÿ
ŶϢʱ򣬽Ĵ󳼺Լ̫ӵ˶ϷԤУֻǸտʼŹȥһ죬ʣ죬֪ԷҪΡ
ǽ˲ãޣзȴǴɡ
ϽԷ˭
嶾ɲУϽ¶ԷΪĿ
ϽԼ˵󣬿һֱûڵ󣺡ϷûлʩѪȣ֪үڽûи߼
Ƥɫ׵ý͸ȴ˿ӰŹֿ޷һ֣嶾ԼĻɱֻܵǣڶ֣嶾ϵͬıҪɱ˴ȡ֣֮Ҳǿ͵ģΪ
Ļһ䣬ڳɫһ䣬ܸ˵ôֱ׵ģҲֻλˡ
˵пܡ
ϽƳɫ̫õ̫ӣͿһĿϣΪξõֿͣ
󣺡嶾ɵһϮö嶾еģôҲûԼƻº˵ȥֻ򶾣Ҳ޹ġ
ˣʱѣǣ㡣
ʱʹ嶾ñ򣬵һˣݵİȣ嶾ҲԸ⵱ǧˣʹֻǼӡ
Ͻͬͷ˵ĲĿǰҲܾôˣҪ취֪ǵĿĵʲô
ʱ򿪿ڣ֪Ҳ򵥡
Ͻһ㶣Ŷкθ߼
󣺡·ԵǱôһӾͰȫ֮Ȼ
ϽͬǴɣ˾Ͳ࣬Էжʿ·ʿֿʱ׳¡
̫Ҳüȥ뿪ڣȴ̧ۣ˭˵һҪʿˣ
β̫Ҳ͵̧ͷſȥϽӲͬǡ
Ȼɢı飬·˵ЩѹԼ˴һߣ߳ȥв·̫ӺϽԼЩʿԭƻж
˵һǸ˵壬˵Ҫ
嶾ԵĻôһﻹ
̫ȻҲû뵽ôһʱΪԼͷӿΣС壬¡
ȴûֻĮһȦҲûҪ󡣡
Ͻɿ뽲
󣺡˸ߣһ·Ͻ軤ȫºаˣͲҪֱͬһһˡ
ɵ󣺣˰ɣΪ˾˾ȻԼȥðգ㲻ĳһŭΪҪˣ
ϽӸӣ̫Ӹü˵ʲô˿ȴ̲סӿһ֪ãɻֹס룬С¡ǲԺ󾰳͹ˣ
̫Ӻܿ콫ͷѹȥĻ壬ڶϵѪ
ôô룿
ϽȰ󣬵뵽Է˵һаٵĺ֣һ˵ҪʵҲס
Ҫ£ڵĶܿ嶾ɵĶӰ죬ȴܼġ
Ͼҩݾô࣬ǼһαĶǻûߵݣҩûˡ
˻ͬ飬ֻ뿪ǰȴž뿪˶һۣ⸴ӡ
û뵽ȻǸ֡
ôһ룬ͦģⱲΪĸҲδȢԷݲޣɴͲ
ٻʱѾ˴ʱΪ˵٣ҲץԵ㶫
յ˵طͿǰÿĻպñ⣬һʱ侰ı顣
ȻҲװûүùʳ𣿿Ҫ¹һһЩ
ȴûֻǰһЩ
Ȼɻ󣬻߽ĳ
߽һЩû˵ֻоǰһֻ޳԰׵ָûȾعоһ׹ͷһһͭơ
ͭͷ·һֿ֣ҲأģһŵǻһĶôܣ
үʲôʱǲǸһЩС⣬ǰ壬ͭƣժָǰһɴʳ
澰ͭƺ˵֮ǰ̴ӱİΣ̫ƽΪԷһͭƸ㡣ͭڣӱ߳ȥ˶İš
̫ȣûǰλȻ
ΪΪ̴ͭķԸδϸǾ䡸ӱ߳ȥˡ⣬̴ָӡ
˵ã뵽ϵϮ̴Ӵ߾ˣҲϰˡ
Ҳˣɿ¹лүԺзԸүᣬ¹ٶͿء
⻰Ҳû٣ʵģҲ˾󵱳պľ
ֻЩʱûᣬȽݵ¹֮ѯ˼һû书أ
ͭƸ˾֮Ҳûֻ˵ԼùʳԼȥ̫ҽԺǱ߳ԡ
û룬л֮תǱȥֻ߳ԶԸоһֱ̲סתָһξ룬Ȼڻ谵ﳯ߿
ΪеԶ飬Ǹֹˡ
ֻԶ̲סҡͷŹֵֹģߵʱҪһ̫ӻϮ£ʱ
뵽һ£̾ϢһһϮԵ̫ӣʱΣ˺ܶ࣬Щص㣬Ψһ˼ֵ˵졣
һϮۣͷβʵʵѱ棬ɫ潫۾ڵʵʵǿɲƳƣǸ
ʱ֪ԷõǸֱص̫Ǳ߲Ŵ̽һ䡣
ʱĿĺȷҪɱ̫ӣ̫Ǳ޷ץ˸ɴץͻݡ
̫ȥˣݱȻȥǱ˸ץˡ
һʱʱ̫һ˷ɢΪݻ⣬Լãɺף̫ȵıֻлݣ̫ӻ治⡣
ùʳִҴ̫ҽԺæֱȥϣԭͣԭصһ
վŵĵȷǰϳ̴ӣˡ
ɻ߹ȥ̽ͷȥ󲢲棬һ㶣ѯһԵ̴ӣүأ
̴ӽĿһԣûϾߣүһЩҪʩ룬㾰Ը˵һ
û룬󣬷ܿǰࡣ
ǰʱȴЩĲɣҪʩ룬Ƕַǵ֮ǰʱһһ䣬Ÿˡ
ҹû˯һֱæһɾ˯˹ȥѾˡ
ѾͣˣÿĻ̻ȥѰȴİףΨһϤľ̴ӡ
ڵôһ˲Ժ˵һ£߬ųͻȻץ벻ܣǰͻȻȥ̴ӣߴ飬Ͻתߡ
׹үأ
̴ӿסͿһүʱ֮ǰѾһһ뿪飬һˡ
뵽Ĵ㣬ֿ飬Ͻ϶ͬ⣬ֻԼˡ
һɫڳֱӷȥϽ
ʩѪǣǾͷôðգ
ˣ̴һүľĪҪ
üͷ˵˲ɣ
̴ôţ΢侲һЩЦˣʲôòʱ뿪顣
Դɿתţ뵽ǰۿ󶾷ʱʱպһ£ѵйأ
ش𣿻õҩ⣿
̴ӿͣ½ŲɿˣүôȻĴ㣬£ҲүĲǣ
һȦûߵЩ˵ɿش𣿡
̴ӿɶɿء
һ΢ᣬôˣټô
벻úϮҲһҲãٵʱҪǱץߵʱ󿴲Ҳı
ԼᱻץһʱץҲһֻˡǸ⡣
ЩʱǸΣԼȻŵ
ôãΪԼǲ⣬֪ԼģǸ֪СôΪԼʧûˡ
Լ˵ǲԸپһεһ£ԸٴֲһǸΪ֪źôõΡ
ֻ뵽ǻҼǲһҹԺĪģЦӯӯЦЦĸоһ
ܿԼעת𴦣侲֣߬㲻Ǿ˳ȻҲǺӵԵ֡
ϵͳҲⱲһҲͬ
֮ͨ󷴶侲ֻ£ϲûг̫ණ̫һˣǰܿ
̫ɫ̫ÿǰ̴ӣ˿̰Ҳ˲Ϣĺˣ̫֪Сˡ
ҧҲû˵ʲôܹҪġ
ֻ̫ӴҪʧˣ˰ӪկԭΪ֮һִ̿ͣ˭֪ҹʱ˰ΰʱ𣺡̫ӣ
ºδ˯ţһֱڵȣȵһϮʱ㡣
Ҳʲôϵͳһҩ˵ҩЧͦǿԷһ
ϮʱһʱϢóҩ߬ġ
ȻǴβͬθѪȣܿ쵹زˣѪζӿþü
ܿԽԽüÿӳǰ龰ȴһ㶡
֪ʱǰΧ˽
ͳһĺ£ֻ˰ƣ˽̴ȫĵλá
һĻȦĪһ죬ʶʲô֮ǰˡ
ôˣԼҪҪˣ
ָ֪ʱ߬öͭƣŴһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
û书鷳˵İ취ʵʵ
˵Ŀɱ̫ӣҲ̫ĳҲò˳ˡ
Ͼֻһҽʿ
ֻ˷·ȻŵһĹ켣ߣŻܵʱ򣬴ԽԽ
ʱһȺʿ̫ӡϽߣ˱ߴ򣬵ȻѾǿ֮ĩ
̫һ˵ߣһӰϢڲԶϣż֦·ûȻڹߵһĳ̶ȡ
ֻһۣ߬ϵҩԶǸӣε졣
ͬʱƳƵѹе̫Ӷ̫ӣծӳôɡ


43 
һ
ӹܹͬħڳծӳʲô˼
ѵҪɱ̫ӾΪ͵ۣ
㵽ʲôˣԩ޳, ǲʲô᣿̫ӻͼΪԼȡᣬʴȣôܵˣ
ӵ͵Ц, ΪõǸ, ú, ĺҹˡ
û̫ٶ˵վֱ̧һӣʱǰϮһΧ۹֮⣬ͬ۵ͬϢϿյ֦ϡ
ϵ߾һģһȻڶĴ̿͸
Ͻɫ䣬ոѾǳ˲ٿͷ, ϶˻ž, Щ, ϶ֵܵס
˭֪Էһʼûһ, ־ٶϷŪ
ƿǵ, 湻ɱ
Ȼŵڶ˼ս֣Ͻ˿ʼó̫Ǵ̫ӳ¡
ϽҲû, ͵ؽϵĴ󵶵һ󣡡
һ䣬̫ӵһ㽫ʿͻȻ任λã̫Ϊİڳһе״, һǶ, ̫Χ档
Ͻ߬Ŵ󵶲Щʿϥ, ϲ㣬һ᣺С֮Ϸڴˣ־˵Ĺһ󷨡
ԭվ֦һĻݣȿȻҲ⡣
һ󷨣žŰʮһˣͭǽڣ˿ơ
Ŀǰ⣬ûܿ̽
ӳϽû뵽Ȼ󷨽㡣ûϽٿڣһЦ֪Ǳ͵󷨱˵Ķӣ
ڳ⻰ɫ䣬󲿷Ȼš
ϽҲˣҪ˵ҡģǻϵ׻壬ҲǶӰô£
׻壿ǱЦЦԼĻֶɱһ壬βңźһһذըϽŴ󵶵ֶ߬ˡ
̫ӸǺ٣㲻Ҫ︸ʣ㵽Ǻˣڮپ֮Ĵ
ӣ̫Ӷɱû
˵գһӶ£˿ʼ󷨡
ȻϽĵƣǵӵЩ˴һƽ֡
ӿʱû취̫ӣͻȻһֱӳž߷Ӷ
û뵽ԷͻȻԼɫ΢䣬߬ҩ
һŰһĻʱ񾭣ˣ
ͬʱײҹɫѪζ
˵λ̫ӵľˣ̫ӣҪԼĶԼǰôԭҲǸ֮һһһ߳ڡ
̫ɫ䣬뵽ӵĻǽķ϶žķȻһСˣܻô׾ͱץġ

ϽҲû뵽ôɣվ߬Ŵ󵶣ȴûҶ
һ̫ӣδĴһȴǡ
أֵ塣
û뵽һʱԼǱ̫ӵɰӣץ
һȻҲΪ̫ӡ
ƴŵİȻҪԶ̫ӣòҡ
һ໤ܿӱòͷһʱϵʣһΣֱһš
ǰ໤ȴǱɨʱѪζһƬ
ʣѸٺӣһһ£һ;뿪
һĻ䣬ʣİ̷ֳɾʱ֪ʱ֮ǰԹϵͭƣӸƣ˵ǶҪҵġôڶҷԸ
һһ㶣һųȻȻ߹ľֲԤУˣ
ȴûǣҲҿ£
ˣ²ܡһԼþûү
֪ʹͭƣЩҲܿץͻȻİһץ
ѹҶ֣ĽֱӺڲϣǴҲôΪһܻǻţҾͲοɱңϿ϶޷󷨣ɱ̫ӣ̫ҲܻΪһҽʿԼһãǾͻҡ
⻰٣ҲĿЩǰ
οҲĲһʱͱץˣʱҲûɱԼˡ
ȻˣαؽЩ˰װ
ڳ˶ΪĻһ㶣Ȼû뵽ȻԸԼҲԸЩʿƴȡ
̧ͷӣ˳̫һѣ̫ӵôСô̫ӻΪұץץҵʣҼү϶ңʱҼү̫ӽңã
˱һ̻鸴ӣ⻰ͷڣֱӳϸүһˣ
һۣУҲ棬Ϊ᲻Ὣֶ̫
ɿǰߣһ˵ǾȫƴӦҲ򲻹Ͻȥүš
һ˻ǲþðգһ˳ˡ
ѽѹѹѪӶʱðΥɣҲ뵱˺ôˣҪĸңҾǰͷ
һ˿˵ٵģٿڣవһһҧֻ˺žô߹ȥ
Ǿ߳һ˱ȦͱϢסӣ֦ϣЦܶɭ̫ӣνĶ˶˵Ҳˡ
ӿŶ˿̫ӣ֪޷ɱ̫ӣɴľþ鲻
һֱҪߣֱֻۣͻȻоǰɫķĩһ
䲻⽫ҩ˹ȥֻһֻ̣ڶߵҧгݣˣ֪ٶ֣
ǰֻһͷϹҩˡ
Ȼһһģһ
ʱһϣ֪ʱѾ˶ãɫ˿ڰ䣬Ƕȿܸо˿ĺɫĺϡ
ѾǵڶĻƻ
ȵһʱҪһЩһʱʱɫȫڵģΪԼڱĵҹ
ǰӰʱ֪ԼǻҪһΡ
ǰһ˽ⶾǱѵҩ裬ҩãǰˡ
ǾӦûڻУǰ˵ҲûҴš
ԶԶлʳԶֲ嵽жˣϾҲ̧ͷ±֡
ֻܾͱԭĶţһʱʱΪҩĲ֪ʱʲôʱιҩʱʶҲ̫
Ժ䱻ǿιҩ֪ǲǱιҩԷˣҲԼʱȻĴЩˡ
ֻԼǵ嶾ɵˣȻǸ˾Բ嶾ɵġ
ھͷȴʱԶûУŵϸǵƤ
˺ˡԷѹֺõԼ̫
ȴƤһ£
ӵ˲̫ܶ˵Ǿ丸ծӳܱһµģһˡ
ֲԤУѵһʱһɱ̫ӵģĺ幣
Ԥһʱõ֤ɫѾȫֻԶѵĹԼ͸
û̧ͷûøонŲ٣ĸ
Ϊ׵ߵĲ첻Żѣ£ôСЩαūŴͣ
СҪ𣿵ڴָСͦ𣿲Ǳץˣĺ幵塣
ĺ⻰һҲû˸ҿڡ
ܿ켸˵˽ǰĺ̯֣ӡ
üһǵõһʱһֲȷϾһʱûĺ幣ĺݺɹ
ĺѾӣžҪʱӵĸӸԶƴһ£ͱʮ¡㾡ԡ
㣡ĺתܻΪС㣡ϻڿɲңͲСȥ
ĺ幵֪ʲôغһͻȻŹֵ㲻ҲС˰ɣ㻹ã
ƺ߽Щ嶾ɵĳϣҲǱˡ
вСĺŭ𣬵ջѹСԸ˻ɣռƻҩأ
źƽȣʹͷ飺ҩƺ֮ǰιҩʱǰˡ
Ҳ˵壬һʱʶ壬ûЩ
ʲôϻڵˣϻʲôط͵ôҪծӳĵز
ھĵط̯֣һµĺɫڲŵϡ
ĺڿһЩιԸ𣿡
ԱߵЦһĺϣ嶾֮ٲǺϻڣõҩϾûܽġǺϻĹƣйÿҪõҩ򡭡
Ļû˵ֻЦζȻҲһЩðˣЩһȤʱֻΪãúܣʲôС
ɫ΢䣬ÿ¶Ҫõҩһʱ֮ûٳԽҩҲûж
ѵж֮йأ
ĺֻĹƾ㣬ȲҪȥι
ӵȴһ㣬ĺȴǹЦǰɣĿˣ᲻ˣ
Ӳûĺ幣ǰҩ£ȥ
ҩ߹ȥ򿪽Уɫҩֱ̧𾰳°ι˹ȥ
֪㲻Ҳûװɻ˳Ӿôȥ
ĺžֻǵƼߵĺӣԺ󾰳ǣᵥԸеǻᡣ
ôżԣʱһ˺ܿˡ
ԶüʼñŵĦɡ
һĥܵġ
ĺǴǾιҩԼܲˣԲûעߣˡ
ֱѪڼӸĥˣʹϢ˫ֽѳٵͷϰŵӸϢϵ֦¾һ°ϣԶ˿˻
һûҶ̴Ӻ濪ʼȥ
һʼΪԼᱻ֣һһ˳ܿܳԶ
ھ뿪ú󣬺Ϣڰ֦ǰ
͵ۺӣҪ˸𣿡
ӾǸ򣺡á
±ϢŵϽתƻ⣺ΪʲôҪĺϣǵĿıҲλˣҩҲĹƣΪˡλ˳Ϊµϵһֹƣֹںһ
ʱΪأôܿ콫֮ʱĺҲ֪¡
´Ҳĺ棬߶߶˵һͨȻžķͷһǰɣĿλˣ
ںӺܿع񣬲δٿڣת뿪ֻŵûٶ졣
һһһȥô죿
ֹƱһԣƣ˹Ƶ˿طڵĵطԶߣ߳Զɿ
ûͣǰһһӡֻҹɫԽԽоڵҩҪһʶҲԽԽģ
ϵͳһһЩⶾҩ߱߳ԣûκá
ɴҲû˷ҩ֪ʲô֢ٶҲûá
һͬһƬյϣܱ˺ܶľ׮ڵºĵطûľ׮϶Ƕһ
ľ׮ΧһȦмһˣ˿ϢģϿĺɫü
ۣһȦȦתѹΪ⼸ûзýҩǰĶ
Զڸ߲¶ǣүûشǱʲô̶˵׻˵ζҩʲô
ƫƫҩүɫζûκҪү⣬Ҳ
߲¶׺ݣǲԸĻ᣺ʣ
ֻֻܼ
ƲסүΪЩ˼һ𶼲үĶ֡
ڰҪת뿪ʱͻȻð߲ɫ䣺ǰˡ
߲еİϧһдۿסү
а
ǰܡ
е˴˿̳һֹĺ죬ܿǸһ㺮˪ΪѹʱǿҲ޷ơ
һ˲ı䣬߻ͶȻ෴üҲɭֻһ˫߲밵һ
͵˹ȥѹΪǶµȡ
˿һ˫ͨ죬ҲбɵƣֱƷֽš
ֱͬͭǽһ㣬ͻȻͬҪһ㣬󳹵ȫʧ׶⣬Ȼһֱӽѹŵа𿪡
˲ˣ˹ȥ
ֻһΣ͵ϵĶǾϣаûܿٴαɡ
һƣﻹүӰ
֪Լ˶ãʶԽԽ磬ȫƾǰߣֱҡҡλεһһˤڵϡ
ƺ˳ʪʯӣѪζʶΪʹ΢һЩ̧ͷԺһΪǵĵطߣͬɽصһ𣬷·һ㡣
ʶԽԽɥʧǰ뵽һǸûĺӣվ˾վȴȻȻ˹ȥ


44 
һ
ʶٻָʱֻͷ, ĲﶯҶһ¡
ֻǵԼʧȥǰײʲô, һ˲͵߬ס, ٷѾǲˡ
ֻԼǵʶѵһ˲, ΰѼƺʲôһ£پԼǵˮ
뵽⣬ͷˣҩĺ֢㡣
ϵͳһֹƬһ˺üƬ֪˶ҩЧžһЩ
Ȼ, ֪˶, ƫͷɽ⿴ȥ, ֻԼƼ¹°ɽһϪˮſһˡ
, ֻܿµΣԷˮ, ֪
龰Ҳһ㶣֪ʶԼʶʱʶ˸ˮˣ
˰ɣ
͵һ̫һһΪϵʶʲôܴûȥɽû, ҹɫĦɽǽڳһɽһ·ˡ
˿̽¹⿴۾ûٿͷƫһߣȴ⸴ӡ
һһһģһ·, ȴĸԸľ
», ںӵĸ˭֪, Ҳ֪պǣ
򣬼ʹ£Ȼ֪ô־档
彥ָ̽Ȼ֪˭ҲĲ˾ôˡ
ûȾԶϸ΢Ķ
ɫһ䣬²˹ˡʶһֶһγһĿռ䣬ƽʱʱΪ˷ֹ˿ϵͳγɵ۷
ԷһľٶΪԶԾҲԷҲڡ
嶾ɵ׷˵ʱȻҲ壬պʱҲ˺һҩҩЧͦƵġ
²кܴ󲿷ֿҲǱ嶾ץ˹ƶƵˡ
ϾǸ˵ǺϻɣȻû˵ɱ𣬵֡һһ
ӦҲǸһ͵ܳɲײһԵɺ֮½ű˴˽ⶾ˭ҲǷ
ʱ侰϶ܼȣѱ˲ˡ
ץһܱץǿ
Ϣڿռ֪ܲܿƽʱ۷ֻǲ˿ʲô
õﻹͷһΡ
۷ռܿ췢֣ܾó棬ǰϪˮˮԼĶʧˡ
ǰÿʱעڲϣͷһʶռ侹ܸǴҲܸϢ
һֱϢţҲûǸ򿴣书ߣоϢһܲأֻ󾰳ûסƫͷֻۣüһӰС˱󣬺ܿṦˡ
֪ʶ嶾ɵˣӦ˵ġ
֪þһһԺԶҲʹҲʶ۶˭á
֮ԵóҲǴҩЧʱʶȫޣҲˡ
ҩЧȻˣԷűҩЧǿʱûʼնߵϪˮԲ˵˻ԲѣֱҵҲûѣԱ˵֪ǲǵ¶һ¡
ۣȥЩ£ͬһЩѡԵǣ١Ƿˡ
üָһЩҲûҶ嶾ɵܿŴɽһ뿪ˡ
Զɽ󣬾ѰһúƫƧĴȥͷʱһһЩڷõҩٽסԼ֦ϣÿռϸŷĳ˯ȥ
߲֪˯˶ãһߣһѰ˻ϡ
һ»صľ׮ǰ߲͵ｹ֡
ô£үôȫʪģǷ𣿡߲ȥſڰϢļͷģϵĺͱˮ͸һͷīɢϢģø߲ͷ
ֵİصģ¸ոϸ̽үȻңٲٷӦүǰʧȥʶȥｫֶ˲ĸ÷Ϊٴη衣
ԽԼˮҵүʱӦˮܾã˶ġ˺ȵһ֣շѹһ֡
֪ҲԼĽǶȲ²⵽۹ΣүȷǶȹһء
´ζһ£㹻Ѱ취
߲ʪ·ѾҩιѾƽ
뵽ү֮׶شЩԷȷİүҽι߲Ҳ޵ҧгݡ
ү򲻿үܵκΣաҪȥʣһҪ֪Ƕүʲô
ڸ߲һʱͻȻһֻŸųͳһרźţһŸУܿһͲ
ķȡĴźţȴ򿪿갵ɫһ䣺߲ˣ
߲ȥʲô
ż߲緢Ϣ˵˱ܣʧȥټЩѾȥѰ
߲ɫҲˣüȻû뵽үʱôˣλ˻ǳ¡
߲û˵ѣЩ˲ɵӣܿλ˶үҪԣô죿
үת̻ȥҲοүģҲ̫ӵ֪
߲һ˵ô£ǵӣض໤һôܻž˱ץߣ
ҡͷûϸ˵ֻ˵Ϊסǵ
߲ܿͨλ˲һԷߵġ
߲̾ϢһͷҧүһˣȥҲ޲һѾѰˣһϢ϶֪
߲ðգҲΪһү¶ԡֻѡ·
ֹֻӲͷƤү
߲ҧţʱ򡭡һһе
߲ľֻӣҲүðգڽ첻֪ǲ챣ӣμûҩŵ¶¶ѹȥǻҹ
һ߾ôϣϢժҰԣûֶһЩҩ߰˰Ѿˡ
֮û·ҲԼû书Ҳ·߲˶Զһ嶾ɵˣֱӰͷ
һǲܲŷȫ
þȵˣռξô죬ҲڵȵһѰϿԶ͸֦һ˵Ӱ̰γˣժһӣֱӳǸ˹ȥ
һʱ󣬵Ⱦһʹʹϴ˸軻һɾ·ڻԿһֹοʱ̲ס¶һº͵Цݣⲻû𣿡
һ뵽ʱһĻĹأ˳ͷǰɣܣþô
ȥôҵ֮Ҳûôץҵ˱Ҳһʱ̫ӣҲûĴɱңֻǽҰҲûٹܣҵͳû˳һֱϵǡѰˣҪȻ治֪Ѱǡ
һһڳ׷ģǽץ߲˵ҪԷүôô׾͡
ƣʱץȥĺ幣ǸһģĺҪɱңҶԸү˾ìܣѰˡ
û˵Щҩ£ϾӦѾ̣ж֮ӣô˼֪
Ҳñ۹⿴ĺӡ
ֻ
Ǹ˵һҪҩһʱҲ˺ҲûӦøйأҲùܡ
һȻﲻ̫Ծ˵ȷö˶˵վҲû룬ֻá
һٿ⣬һſڵҳǸү˵𣿡
һһ㶣뵽ֻɸ룬ϢʹȥүǱû
үԾ˵⣬үûϢү¡
үǸܲܺ;˵ֻӲͷƤûҸүֻ֪ͨ˸
ɿĪ֪£ͷ߬ŵͭƣ֪ǻ׷׵İɣ
ҳµܲүѾûˣ˵ҲûҪǸ˸߲߲û˵ȻҲġ
ү
֪ǲҶүѣˣүˣǾ˵үʣ¾ôҹȥô
һò⣬ֻӲͷƤǵʱʾ˸
֪ˣ϶Ҳѣø߲ӦòΪһͷһǡ
һһ˺ܿϣٴž·̫ܿһ˻ϡ
̫ӵ˿ȻȲѣ̫ӣõϢֱӳ˹˽ǰȴֳɲҿ㡭û°ɣµʱʱ
̫Ӷ˵ʲô̫ӣ¹ٸ·۳Ͷ٣ȻϢˡ
̫˵ʲô󵽵ûᣬֻžһסΧܣŷ뾯衣
ֻ̫˻һԣϽҲⲻѣҲҾû£Ժ֪Ҫ졣
ϽɿˣǾȻģ
һ·Ѿ;ãü˾˼˽һҲԼ󣬲Ը˵ʲô
Ͻһɱڵģ֪ҲھΣֻȥһߡ
ΪŻ΢˲١
˯һʱǰߣϾͷ׻ʱϽٴˣǡ̸̸ܵ𣿡
֪Ҫ˵ʲô룬һ˼̧ۣϽȥһԡ
Ͻ˺˹ȴ˰㲻֪Ҫ˵ʲô춼ûܽ˵ڣûϺ󣬵ʱ̫ӡ
ʱһ֣⻹ûݣЩȡ
ϽֻܺƤˣε¡ΪҪ̫ӲûжԾԮ֣¡ֻҪ²˵ϷԸŵһҪ󡣡
Ȼһҽʿ̫ҽʿ֮䣬˭֪϶ѡ̫ӡ
ƽʱĳҲ˵Ͼ̫Ǵ
ǡҽʿˡ
˿ɲЩǲƣҲǻ̡
͵仰ȻҪ󣬵Ҳ̫ӣԻûеһʱ˼ֻϽ
ʱദҲϽǸֱˣôϽһҪ˵Ժó
ϽһԾŶԺ¹Ͻʳԣʱ¹Ҳû˵̾Ϣһء
Ͻҧ룬ӻһľӣϷÿһƣˡʱ򾰴˿ľҪֻҪΣѪԼΣģϷ򶼾޶
ûκγɽ˹¹ٻиСҪ󣬽һ·¹ٶ뿴̫ӡ˵¹ٵĶ飬ȴؼʱҲ¹ٵ¹һʱ龰һѹ֮һСĶү˵
ϽҧϷȥ˵
ºЦЦȻˣǾϽϮϽԼôڰɣ¹߲үἰġ
һ߲˵и߲ڣӦҲ⡣
οһ·в£߲ôҲһһİܷ϶
ϽֿҲ֪Ͻô˵ģڶҲû̫ǰ֣ҲϮҲûἰҲûôܳġ
ǵһ˻ϵġ
ǵѵģΪôãҲͷһ㣬߲һԼתһ¾Լ
Ϊش򶼻⣬߲űĴЩȻ书Ϊߣҽȴһڡ
໥ƵĶƽʱ⣬ԼҲܸо
ʱͷѣ֪Լҹַ˸ȣһֱʱʼת岢ɿ·סüȥˣ
߲ɫȻ԰ף£ųɿѾǵˣǰԼ̫һӦþ͸ϵˡ
üѾ˯ôˣüģԼȻһ㶼ǵЩ췢¡
ֶ޷ѹƺļԼ˷ʲôǲˣ޷ƿصĸоɫ̫á
û£ҲүʹǱʶǾԼʱҵүʱԼԼϪˮҲǡǡպѹסһжĸȣһҲѹסˡҿʱҵүһֱˮҲҪġ߲Ҳң뵽£뵽ǰõһѾѰ˵Ϣѡ
شѣүһ·ҪСģֱͲһһΪ˲õͷĻһ͵۶ֽţټүĲ߲֪ⲻԣѡ
ֻʱӦҲûʲô£ֻոתһ¾岢κǰÿ·ҩ޲ͬ
شϧҲµҩʲôΪ϶£ֻǽҩЧô򵥣
Ŀǰ벻Ȼעת𴦣Ǳأû°ɣ
߲ȥҩ룬⻰ҲֻǶһʲô£㻹ǲԼĲɣϾܼˣɫʱôùϽ̫ӣ𱻿ߡ
ȻˣΪ˯գ϶ԷĲҲЩ磬̲ס䣺ᱻġаգȻõ״̬ǡ
ԹҩʼϢ߲ǰֻϣһǱ߲˵©졣
ܿɫһڽϰԼʱϵϵĵطԶԶƼһˡ
һͣһһ˻ųǱȥ߲ȵȿһˣҲվĿھϡ
߶ϵһ˲䣬߲ҡҡͷ
߲㶵ͬʱ鸴ӣͷӿΣ뵽һ·ΣأŲľͷʾھүȥʱһ˺󣬴ȥԱ
ȻһүүҪڶˡ
ͬʱѾǰǰĳһȴЩȴͷģһʱ䲻֪ô
ֻǹ˼գȴ·һôá


45 
һ
ھֹǰķʱ, һͳɤ𣺡ôűˣҪñ
ϤԭͷָӵʧЦһ, ִÿ, ̧ʱѾΣôүݣ
, ϣ͸Ŵž
Ҳôû˿ȴôһ㣬ϸɫյĸ·Щ뵡⣬Ǿģµġ
Ŀתһ, ˲, ƹȥһʲôǰڱ˵˯ž˯, ô첻, ô֣֪ĻΪڱվ
¹۲ȥ󣬵Ҳʵʵ, ˫űյڵͷӵ
ע⻰תƣʲôԲˣ
ȻôʣѾµʲô۵״Ц⡣
, ֪
һڲˮүߵ˱Ͳ࣬ǣ⼸¹շת࣬үһ·Σ, ¹Ѿ̡
ŶžһĻ, Ըвˬ, £ҲҪǴѳ᣿
̧ͷү⻰ĪҪ˵
ȻѳʲָֻĳϵˣĪ뵽һ㣬üɫҲΪ뵽²̫ÿԼҲ˵ͷӿϵĹʲôǲ˵ЩģɵĻ
ǰ˵Ҳ˵ˣ֪ԷֻǿЦ
񡭡һ㶼ǵִ
ͬһ㣬ǰҲû˵ЩҲֻ붺ԷԸо̫ϲ
Ǵ˿̽ŴжŭǰףֻǱǿѹȥ
ü˵ʲôطһμ棬ո̫ȷֻǴȷ㣬Ƣˡ
ٴۣ¹ٲҡ
ֶһۣɴһ᣺ǹܲˡ
Щ԰׵ɫ̲סģүҩôҲ̫ã
𣿡۾ûǿ˿ڣűĳġ
̲ס۵״ЦүҲС¹ȥЩԵģүҪ𣿡
ĥĥˣһתҧгûΪѣԣ
紵˸ŷֺ󱳳һ亹
ո浣ĲԾȥ¡
һҪǲܣôҲ»ᱻ̯ڶԷǰȥȻĸԸǲ֪
Ϊ·ҲǺۣδ
ȥһǱߣ߲ҲѾһϾĿۺΣһ񣬿Ǳ߲˵ˡ
߲߹ˣǵģ
Ҳ뷨Ÿ߲ȥһεĿյϡ
߲һȿ˿ڣη£ĳлˡ
߲˵žҪ񣬱æסɷ򲻸ҵҲǶˣһʼѾץˡ
߲Ҳǿ˵ȷİүģȻô˵үȻһǱˣһû񣬰˵Ҫܳͷġ߲˶٣û£ȻѾžΪش£ǲҶ˵үδ˱Ͳ࣬Ҳû¡һ·ѱաԸĳͺƤһպصԳͷ
ȴϴʾܾμȻǸү֮ŭүұֻۣؾǻиΣү֮ʣĲ£ĪҪʹ߿¡
߲Ǵˣ˵Ӧ߷ӵ¡
һνһү˴󹦣ôõհ̺ԵĽǳ͵˽ΪԼ֮ŭ
߲ջٴΰлպ󾰴зԸĳ
Ҳæ˵߲ǹܼңĳԷûôĴ
߲ԽԽģǶԷôæֻ뵽Щʱտģ߲ǴŲ
үξǲԼİΣ֪ڼȴΪ˱һİ
߲˿žiüۣ֪ǲǴܾþ˱ϴƣģÿ
߲￩һ£̽ʵζ˾ˣƷֵиĳҲʵٴٹˣǸҲǧ𣬲֪˶һкøУԺ˾ĳԵýˡ
һָܿ۵״Ц⵹ǲˣЩһףֻǺԷһȥأԭǴںдѯʡἰǿǰдѯһ
ǿԣȽݵˣԹȥһơĿǰүϷǵ½˵ȻԷУҲ̫á
߲⣬û뵽˾ȻЩ궨ס
ȸȴ̲סǣү˼ǡ
߲鸴ӣҲûٶʣֻʱ
Ÿ߲뿪ıӰɿνȻǼٵġ
Ȱڲס϶Ҫ취뾩һˣҲոպá
뾩˵ȥѰףΪ·;ңԶһһؿ϶Ҫü£ٻʱ˵ԷѼˣ޶˺һ˻
ЩҪʱһЩĿǰֻʱˡ
Ҳĸ߲˵׵£߲ܿո̽
߲Ǿ֮Ĺϵ̫׽ǻԼүϷ
һ֣߲ү̹˵
ùźȥԱߴõȻ߲ȥҩȴǻס߲֮ǰȥҾˣ
߲ͷ⼸һھߣȥ⼸зʲô£պÿˣ뵽ϴǸߵķӣŵԺ¿ҡ
ͷȵ˽ݣæи߲ŵҲô˵
߲ӸӣүԼû֣Ծǲǹڹˣ޾ϸǶҪ֪
߲ԼүҪ֪˶죬Ҫ
߲˺ܿһʼܾòײɿڡ
ȴ̫٣ʶ֪ھЩû˵ģ
߲״ģʵͼͷһ£̽ԵҲûģǿʵ˾ԺȢʲôĹ˭֪Ƥ˵ں˵
ɫʱüԼеëȢʲôĹʲô£;ֲģϷ
ͷǲ̫ˣҲûʸ߲ڰ뿪ˡ
ֻǵȴһΣѹһ߰£
ȴԷĴϢ·˹һ㡭ֱ˵˾ģﳯү
ˣ۴ڴʶʲôˡ
⻹㣬ȸо㲻Ծɫࡣ
϶Ƿˡ
߲ҪѰʱѾǰ˵үҲԡͷųʪֻǵϲδˮǴˣ
󿴵߲Ī飬ڸ߲ûֲԣԼǰ̲סһ䣬ĵǱɫ²٣˶
ȾùŹҪʱƿͷһɫŹֿү
뵽ҹǻҵξ飬Ӿûڣ˿ٱһүһûֱӱ
ھҪʱͷƤ飺ȵȡ
ĪүҪˡ˵ô䣬ɴ಻˰ɣ
º;һһʲôûԼʲôǰǡ⼸ԼһϰˣͻȻϰߣ㻹ǰɡ
϶Ǹ󲡡
⻰϶˵Ҳ̫һȻͬ⣺У¹پȥ𴦡
Լþȥһôʹͬ⣬ֲˣͲӲһ£ǰͦ
ûٺ;һŵݵƽɫȴ̫ÿ
⼸ҲûٳϮ£ò̫һˣ߲һҲɿ
һȴ̫ãôãôˣЧȴһûС
ǰȥֵһǰʱûãǾһطϢˡ
ΪףһΪ׵һϮɫۣߣƲκ٣۾û¶֮ǰץ߾ĺӡ
ԱΪ׵ûκڵĺ幡
ĺԶԶȥһˣûסŭתͷ١ڡˣǲǣ
ӿ飬ֻǳǰû˵
ĺɫǺ죬ԭȥ÷ЦСڻǺϻνʥǲֻǸشȥҩˣأû£ǸȻҩҲû£
˾ͷǶ˹ƶģ
ջĿ⣬ͳƵĸĪʱ˵ʥ̥ĶǣЩΪ˿ֶһֶһƽ⡣֮ûЧӦöҩѾԱĶҩˡ
ĺ幸ˣԾôˣС˾Ͱˣ
ȴתΣ
ĺ幣ȻôǲλøĻû˵ֱ꣬ӱӴ׵ֶס˲ʱ͸
ĺΪԼҪʱ򣬱һˤڵϣһˤͷ³һ㡭
ٴֵ̧ĺӣĺ
嶾ֻһϣȻǱڤӣڤֲֻһӣӣЩ겻ڱڤ
ԻԵɺ嶾ɣеʵ嶾ȵϺϻڣ
嶾ɳܶˣһֱڽûʲôͷֱʮǰͻȻ嶾ɳ˺ܶϡĶѽ⣬嶾׳
ͬӶʮǰʼģкϻڡ
ĺֱϳϲ֪ϻڶʮǰ»һλ˵òֶȴеĶϡܶ࣬Ҷѽġ嶾ɵĶλṩģͬʱ۾λϻڵƹܰ嶾ɡ
ǰλ˵ĶӣںֱӾͳ
սúܶϻڵĳϲ˵Էֶαֻ߲ͣվ˽Ÿ꣬ͲܶԸˡ
ĺȻη嵫ԷֻƾӾλոûסѿ֮졣
ĺ죬ʹ˴Сֻ˵˵û˼ҪСһʶ
Ȼ֪Էãû֣ǺϻڵĶûЧ嶾ɸûáβУǾ´Σɡ
ĺ幱˷⻰ҧ͵һ˦Ӵ߿ˣʧܣͲȥܽʱ򲻻Ҫܳͷ
ֲĴôһûᣬҲ˵ˣĶԴ󲿷ֶûЧ
ѵˣرڤõӣҪе㶫˴󹦣ڶѹȥ˸ʵۡ
ôǱӻرڤ϶У
Ҫʣµȥƴһ
ĺ߳ԶҪͲһʱͻȻһƥ˽ǰĺеһ̽ӡ
˵ϥأ̧ͷʱ۾Ź⣺СүϲµǱڹж꣬żȻõһ£ܽĴ£
ĺҲǿϲ˻棿й𣿡
ҡͷǣ̫ӣй̫ӵ

һߣĺ뿪󣬺վԭزû룬ʵ⵽ô£ĺ干û˵ʵȻεµȷԤڡ
ܸо¹ʱͲã⼸ˡ
˭֪һбɹˣЧȴ⡣
û˵Ϣˡ
ӲͷƤβܾôɵţϾǱѾŹѯʽˣ˷õĹƳ棬µĹƳںϺ󣬱Ӧ̱סΪʲôʧˣǾ߳⣬
ۿž˷˹Ƴ棬һ·϶
һǰһɽΪ±Գˣ϶ǳɹˡ
ȻɹҲûţ˼죬ܿأҲûκβԾ
þ˵ǰ׵ˣ
ĸڳ˴
һֱûĻش𣬾ΪشʱԷǿ˿ڣõԼͳɤŻһ˿˵ĺҲ֪
죬ûҿڣȴĿǸ˰ɣȻúãҲòҲû˵Ƕ䰡
⼸һֱԼ·̣͵ˣԽݣҲã·Ҳߣˮ볱ʪ
轵ҲþԸﲻˡ
ԭΪ͵۾ʣ⼸Ӧòٳֵʱ򣬽͵۵˻̲סˡ
֮ȷǳ͵۵ˣΪʵʵǵûκζ
Ȼǰ嶾ɺͺϻڵˡ
ԼϽǣϽΪǰھΣ;Ϊȱǣôɱͷۡ
ɱԥҪҪʱݳǰûӦһ߬סǰһߣ


46 
һ
û뵽ͻȻð, عѾק
򿪻, ʱٴһƬڰ
Ѿǵڶδڻ, ֻһȴһθоڡ⼸챾үѾô, ôͻȻ
ܿǳ͵۵ˣҲܡ
͵Ҫҽʿ͵ۻ治һ󴦾ȫˡ
һʼ̫Ľ󣬾ཥƽ, ź֪ʶ, ߬һֱûɿ, ˿ܴӶԷĸо֪ԼĻ
ү, 㡭ǲܷſˣжͭǽϴμʶˣȻûΣ, ҲûҪôŲš
ߣ·Ŷߣľ㣬Ϳʼˣ
үˣ¹û˼ڶ˶, 󷴶߬ø
淴ǰǸһֱ᲻þ
ԽǰƳȥԷǳ, ֵĸƵ
, Էٴ, ɵҲˣԼǲ֪ʲôʱǶԾ˲е˼
û͵ٴд̣ʶһʱǾİΣȲһԼıȦڣ֪Լˡ
˵ûĻشܵķΧֵֹġ
ȻȴоĿһֱϣ£ɴͷƫһԡ
ȻΪڵĶѹסˣûܵӰ죬ҹӵġ
žͷתһߣֻ¶һףΪƫͷ²Ƭ¶ǰ⧲Ȼ˵һ£Ѹתˡ
תȴ־Լˣ˶еģֲνķӡ
ΪԼЩС˼ɿ֣þ˿̹
뵽ǰ߲˵Ļð
Ī˸Ϊ⼸굼µĺʶ˴ֱۡһ̣һֱӶͷ˰ͷҲ档
Ͻ¶ƫͷȥү¹ٲ䡣
󣺡䣬ȵöˡ
첻ˣҲ֪үôˡ
뵽ո߬󣬵ȷ¶Ⱥȣƽʱȫͬѵת
壬Ҳ䣬ֻӲͷƤˡ
γ͵ûһ˶࣬ܿͽˣϤߵ潫ش򿪣¶
߲˸ϹԶԶɿүˣû°ɣ
æû¡
ֻǻûȥͱסû·ˣ˽ͱһ
ܾ뵽´ϮҪǻͷ鷳ҲûˣӲͷƤͬˡ
ڽһల£ڵһ˺ƺ˽ݸ
ôǰõϢԴһӭǣ˴ȥţôǴ̫ӡϽԼڴǰۡμӽӷ硣
ôڸ磬Ǻܼ򵥣ϽͬͷôҪͣڰ֣ݲףǿ㣬⣬һдӼǶԵģ̫ӾΣ
̫ȻûǱֵģǵĵҪ˲ƣͽ鷳
ӷΪʱѾˣһô˸аźõԺЪ¡
ø߲ȥ뵽Լ˼ջûǰ̹Ȼô˵ĸϣҪҪ죬ֻȽѹ¡
һѹ£ӵڶ쿪ʼ͸̫ҽԺȥκ˻ߵزİա
ŵ˵ֱ̫ͬҽԺֱӾͽסʱ
ջûžһ£һȥ֮ؽ£һǸ̫ҽԺ˾ľҽ˻
ڵɫ磬̫ҽԺҲܴҲżһ졣
ȴܳأ֪Ȼⲻǽǿʼ˼죬¾ͿʼͷþǴӽտʼ̷ߵҩʼԤ
֮ǰ֮û˵ҲºֻûһἰȲ˵᲻ţҲýݸԼӴӵİɿֻš
һѻϴ֪ۡԡһ·ȥ֪ߵķô졣
ֻǾ̫߳ҽԺʱסƫԺһȥͱ
üסĻݣüͷýģʲô˼
ϸ飬̲סҧʵѾ֪ˡ
֪ʲôûôټĻǴģ֪ԼΪżõߵķӣ
ֻɱȵһǰüصܲǾһˡ
һֱעž⻰ʱ̹Ȼż¾ٴνߵķܵݰհ
̫ɹˣ̫ȡ֮
ݸɴ̹׵ǲǵõһӣǷǲһҩԸһ㻻ô
ЦЦҵõһӣʲôӣ˵ѹûУӡƾԸһǿ϶ҪƾʲôôҪĶıȡ棿
ҧѵ㲻ҽʿǵʲô㲻
ЦǾ仰˵ûУУȻóˣ㣿ŷӼðҵĹ¸ɹһΣһڶΣ
ݿžֱԽҪ뿪󺰵
ѾеˣһҽʿһҲ׬ôٺ»
ĽŲͣû۾һžתͻȻЦһ£Цºͣ˵Ļȴ̣̫֪ô𣿡
ֻһӣ϶ܸôӣôݵģȻ̫Ӵҵʱű׬ȡġ
˽Ĳ˽̫ӿǴ
ݵһˢĲҰһƬ㡭
ǰߣ㣬ҪҲףӵŪһҩݣ˵ܲһڷӣõˣƾûǰǷݶ飬̫ӻĺãһ³ķӣֻǱֶѣʱ˵ֶ䲻¡
ûȥݣָ·߲ǾԼ¡
Ҳȥ̫һˣɲմ̫ˣ񲻹вݣ
ȥ󣬶ԷڵȾȴ£磬ңž
һŴϣֻʣˡ
ǰ񣺡¹ټү
ûֻһ£ôûܵ˵ĵĻ˵վŲҲˡ
̲סȥ޹ү´ˡ
룬Ҳܴ
ǿ뷨ǿү񲻺ãûڵطˡ
󶨾һƣֱĿˡ
Ϳһɴ಻ȥܣתôžʱ̫ҽԺͦãֲ˼ˣôŻˣ
̾Ϣһүˣ¹ֻû˵ϻȷЩֲ˼񣬱ϾֻҪһߣĻ־ӣʱû˵Ͽ֣ոһѾǧ֣ܶһҩݡ
ȻæҲԼĶӣȻӦûСһ£ʵʵÿԼԼ˳ϵͳһ˰̥ҩԷ
ȻڻʲôľȴκʱƽͣҲǸмġ
ѵôӻһҩƿ¹Ȼ⣬ǵүŪĲҩүҲ˲٣һһżʹܽⶾҲǿ塣
ǰ仰ͦˣһҩǽ£ҪԲҩ
԰ûѪɫǿ̫Ҫˡ
˵ãôǾ׼ģ룬̯֡
ղүɢˣֻǰҩƿģһû¿ô죿үߵķˣҪʼ׼ҩˡ
ٳһЩϿӱ͹˾͸ϲˡ
Ħҩƿ黹㲻һۣôûûεģķӾͲ˰ˣ
¹ûô롣
һдûģ
ԤУȥԺԱߵһõԺӣŵ̴ƿһ䷿䣬Ƽڵҩסˣǡ
ſ򣺡Ծ浱¾һΪ񣬱ֻ˯
Щҩȫҩݣ鸴ӣͷһ¹ˡ
ȻһЩ£û뵽̶ֳȣ⼸䷿ҩԹݸϽİˡ
ЩҩȲ˵ж鷳ǡ
һۣĺˣԿġ٣Щ֮⣬ҪĻôҪǸ
Щ֮游Ҫ
үǴô
ҡͷд㣬⼸վྰڱˣϾűˣҽʿ
ʱһĻҩģҵЩɾͰ׷ˡ
̾ͬˣ¹үǲ
Īˣþæһ£ȻҲ˽ĵģС쵰ܣǲԼ壬̫ҽԺæĲˣҲʵĴ絽Ъġ
Ҫ˸һ٣ǻҪæ
ӦæЩҩݷֹʹҲûȥ̫ҽԺǱߣǰûоٶ
ֱݸƽֵһԾİգôʵҲһֱ˿Ϣ￩һ¡
һϽȥˣȴ鿴󣬳ô˰ҡҡͷô˻ҲһֱԼĵ»Ƿˡ
ֹµʲôǾߡ
ô˽յܣ̴ȥ֪̫ͨԼϽˡ
ֻô˸ջظͱ˹ȥ
ôǰֵһȸҲС
ô˸̴ȥԺԱߵƫԺȵ˷ǰ̴ȴǳôһ󣬹ˡ
ôüû˵ֻôİ׼Ժӣ
ƿԺ˽ȥ
ô˽ȥ󣬷ƫԺһҲûУΧĵģֻԺеʯһˣ
ô˹Ժţǰ˽ǰ񣺡£¹ǰһ¡
ͷҲû̧£
ô˽Ǹյ˵һǵ¹أʮǰȵҲֵֹ֮߷ˡ¹ٵģǽҲûжһ١
󣺡أ
ôһ¹һӱȥһЩҩ
ôôô֪Щҩݸպܽߣ
ôҲüչ¹ֻ֪ҽȥܲҵӡ
ڷӣôˣҪĲҩߵķӡӣڶʮųѵ۵ҲѾûˡ
ôἰѵۣ֣߬˵öԡ
󿴳ϳֵŭȴǴĻûУӡ
ôΪ̫⣬̧ͷ۵׻ŭ˿ȴʶʲôѸٵͷĪҪЦ¹ذհΣ
󣺡ûпЦ棬ô˶ԱŭԺδֻΪἰ˳ȵۣ
ôҧ¹ٲҡ
󣺡ôֻǨŭֻΪĺӣ
ô۾ҪȴһöһôϥһûȥôǳôУ罫ǼŴ򿪿
˵̫ôüͷýģҲʱΪԼǨŭգôֻӲͷƤߵǰ̤ȥվڵһ䷿ǰһƿ
ȿĶô͵ۣţСܹȥŷװŵҩݣһһ۵ϲõĹ⣬ʱ˫ͨ졣
̱ȥ򿪱ķ䣬һһ䣬ôûסںᡣ
֪˶ãôӲһۣλصǰĸԸĸһ¹ݰߵл£
˵žҪٴι¡
ֻǻûȹȥٴĿڣôôñװ׽Щ㣿ǧݣô˲ΪĹİɣҪһֻôⶫ
ôɫҲ侲ü¡
󾲾ߵķӼЩ㹻ݰõҩݣЩҩķţôӦиȷѡôĿҵĻʵۣѡĸأ
ôû¹ٲðڲˣ
󾲾ôҲ˫ͨ쿴
̾ϢһǲᣬҲõ򵥣ô˱κ˶
ôһջƫͷ¹ٲ֪ү˵ʲô
ǰΪĺù٣ҵôˣƽʵôΪǨŭΪҾֻǺޱĸ
ôû˵߬
ʵߣٻ˵ôǾø๼Ǿõȵ۵⣬Ǳĸɵģ
ôȴǱһ£Ѹһת¹Щʱү̸
ȴ󻺻ôһ⣬ôҵĵĳ͵ۣǶʮǰĳȵأ
ôԭҴҵĲȻͣűһӲ࣬͵͵Ĩһۣ¹ٲ֪ү˵ʲô
ȴٴһذըô˳ȵ۵ȷ⣬Ϊҵλ͵أ
ôʲô˼Ļŭͷ˵£ΪԼĸﲻϧڮٻϣĿȵһĸͬôܻ£ƾʲôôڮٻϣ֤𣿣
ȻƽȴЦˣаȻ֤ݡ
ηôסʲʲô
ôôˣͻȻ䲻ָָԼ֤ȻǡԼ
ôʲô軰Բۣŭɽȴ侲̵Ϊǳȵۡ
û˭˭Ǻʵ֡


47 
һ
ôɵԭ, Ŵ֮Ϊ˵õѡ
ĵȴ̲סһ˿ϣҡͷ˵Ųſ϶ǻԣ˫ԼȫڿƲס΢
һ˫, ҪϿκλԵĳɷ, Էô̹ӡ
ôڳȵۼݱû˽ְ, ЩҲֻ˵λܳ͵۳谮ӡ
֪һʱҲȵۼݱʱôᣬûȢûһáźǰ֪ɱȵ۵ʱôֻ첻һӣΪʲôȵ۲ܣ
ǳȵ۵ã
ôܡΪʲôҪһУΪʲô
һʱð, ͬ, ͵۲Ǻֵ, ôһ͵֪ȵ۵, ôţ
ԣһ˵ǰ, Ϊ˵ɳˣ
ô˻ӿֹסĺ⣬ź㡢㡭ʲô֤ݣ֪࣬˾
˿, ȵһ񣬵ȵۡ͵۶Щһʼһ㶼ûط롣
Ȼô˵ԼȻ׼, ӻһֽĺúõŷ, չ, ݹȥ
ô˲ߵǰ˫ţСţֻһּۣԼӡ£ôûס
Ѹƫͷ´ʪȵ۵ıʼȿסŶȥһȴڵ
⾹ȻһȵױĻ飬ӦдļּЩʲݡ
һƪԼԻŮӵ֮ȵ۶ԶԷԼϲ
ôǸİ䣬
̫İļ֤ȴʶɣܽǵȵ۵ĸ󽫡
ôֿۻǩµӣǶʮǰҲȵۼݱǰȵۻδǻ֮ǰ¡
ʱȵۻѾ뾩һ֮ã뿪ǰֻ˲ܽͼĸ˭֪ȥ˺δֻ˵ȥɽˮ
ȵ岻ʣҴҸϻعУʱ˭ΪȵۻὫλλĻá
ϾӺܾǰ˵ԼĻλ˭֪ȵۼݱǽλֱӴ
λ˼£ѵ۾زݱĳ͵ۼλ
ô飬֪Ϊ￩һ£ʹֻЩѹѾԤУһҲġ
һֱôˣִ꣬ӻһң¶һӡ£һȴһģѪɫŻ·壬ͷֻһ֡
󻺻ڽ͵¡
Ļλĺ;ʱ嵱ʱʥŮ
Ӳǩ飬жֻطΪⶾ
򷽷⣬ֻΪýڲɵļ֤°سɻ顣
ûҪ¸֪ϻʵۣϻʵ۲صϢһ˻
ԭֻǻؾٻӳɽ֣Ҳ·;ңԶﲻʣԲûдس
˭֪ϻʵ۲ʾǴλһ϶û취Լʱϻ彫ߡ
˽ԳɻѾΥʥŮְ³£˲ױŸع
ɰ·ϮҲһ󣬲δʱִ壬պб¶ĳ
ɵϢΪˣֻܴϢؾѾΪѵ۵֪Ϣһ
ⳡҲպø˳͵ۻᣬԼİָˡ
Ϊвûвɿӱ޿죬һ·ϵ꾩ǡȵۼݱ
ʱΨһײȵ֮ˣҲǽʣΨһ֪ȵһ޵ˣʱǱӳԵɺ֮Ѫĳ
ǰй¡
ɴųѵΨһѪֻܲݲݽС֪ѵѰܹȵ۾֮ĻСӽԼ֪˵󣬾Ͷ
ƽ˵һУеļֻŬڲЩ֪жѡ
ô˫һعڵϣʹ޲ֹ¹Ϲ¹ǽ˵ˡ
ô;ֵܾͲȵ֣
ΪԷν֤ݣǺȵ۵ˣǰǷţǷ͵ָʹɱš
ҲǻԵɺϲŵõģֻõûã͵۾ˣ֤˵ǵ꺦ȵ۵ˡ
ʱǵȵߵĴ̫࣬Ǹȵεùȵ۶ݵˣʱˣɡϸϸ̫Ǵͷβǳ͵۵ˡ
ǰô޹أҲھΡݣõպ游⣬ҲôˣԸ׷汾պԹԹг𱨳𣿡
͵ۺĸĸѪծȻҪó͵ѪծѪġ
ôĥ֮ʿ˿뵽͵αµĳªס
ȥǵгһҿȵΨһﻹлĻ᣿
ô˫ֱٴ¹򣺡¹׷£
⼸쵹øڣȻӽҩҲˣһȻҲٷ
ͿôЩҩӮˣЩϵΨһܷӵþѹأغЩҩݡ
ͦ󵽵״ô죬ôЩҩݻʲôԿĺô
һǱҲûϢЩסˣȥ
߳Ժӣһʱи˶ڼɽʯֹ˵ʲôû̸ȤֻǶԷȻѹţ·ǳȥıؾ֮·Ǳһ䡣
һ֮¡Ĭˡ
˵ļٵģ⻹Σ
ôܲģö˶˳ȵΣ˵ǴֹߣʮǰȵۻүʱʹһΣǴ˵ҲҿһߵķӰæŵƵİա
ɡʲôϵ
Ͳ֪˰ɣ˵ȵۼݱˮһΣǷҪûˡ
Ȼ̫ҽԺҽ˲٣֪ôߡǰ˵ѾвٷģֻǴˡû˵ֻš
찡ļٵģû˷ӣû취ߣݸҪˣ
Գȵۼݱɣİܿ࣬͸ѧΣεǵǸٵߵķӡ
⡢ôܣΣôܣ
Щѧ̽ддˣͦô¡
Ҳûðзӵûҩʱ򻹲֪Ҫأ
Ҫ˵εһˣȵ۳ӣ˵ʼΪգһεĶ󽫻ΪĻǰȰˮ𡣡
ҪôŪ
ȵ˵ˣεĵһ˻ΪԵɺ½еҩݶ룬ˮ𣡡
Ҫȵ۵Ķˣ
취Ȼɶ˵㣬ò˵Щ걻͵۸ƻ̫
ٻϳȵĿеʥļӳ£˵ֻá˽ﶥĤˡ
ϾðǳϣҲǳȵ۵Ļ
ǿǳȵۣ
Ժ⣬˻壬ֻǲ֪ǲǴɫȷϴιöˡ
Ų̧ͷһۣ˵汾ҩݣ㵹Ǻãȥ̫ҽԺǱߣֱԼķﲻ¶ˣ֪ĻΪ˲ȥǸıˡ
һȫҶѣڻǵöԷݣɴվֻû
ҲֻԹСûĵѹֲģô죿˭ϡԷ
ָָ֣Աߵλã㱾һ̣㱾Զٺõġ
ʱΪֶûԺãһȦտʼһжҪתԶٺõģһõĿʼ
۾һǰãһ£ҲûôԺ˯ã϶һҲû
ߵȰҩͳȥ㶨һҲҲҪ֣Щʱվ̻ؾˡ
һ̣ϳԶʱûס뷹
ôͷһôӳԣһСľͳԶˡ
Ⱦع񣬷ŹֿԼôˣ
̾Ϣһû£ֻǾþһ˵ǿˣ׷ܳԵô㡣
˵һˣѵţ
Ҳû˵ģֻǵȾ뿪ʱڵߺܿܽԺ󲻻Կˡ
ĻͷһǿЦЦү˵Ҫ㻰ġ
ֻǵ߳Ժۣ²ŵƵӰӣ߳ԶûסͷԺٵͷԼƽ̹Ķӡ
䣬һֻ̣ƽߣΨһеǣֻǾ
ȻŲѧдǸӺû죬Ļߵ£һĻø˿ʼʶξȻģĳˡ
ڰտֻŵʱл߼˰ЩСķ취ŪһҩȻûòסˣתõơ
˴˿ʼģȵ۾뿪˾ҲЩա
̫ϢüͷýģǽЩվȻʼݳȵۣĸʳ͵ۡ
ȻֻһҲνһ˳Լʵֲ̫ԤС
ݸʲôΣ϶ǾĹû뵽ǣûŷҪôȻӴõǣ
ֻǶһݣǾǱأһݣǾѹһֵҲûˡ
ȻźȴҲ¾Ϊγȵ۵ĻϽȥ̫ӣ⣺£ⷽһģߣǺܾܿµһ壬ĿľΪһ
뵽ģ̫ô벻ʱĶȥŪôҩȥ
֪ΨһĻˣҧ˵˳ºüǰ˵¾ͿʼΪЩʲôԾ취ǰһҩݡȻ˵࣬Щѧֻ˵˳ȵ۵ĻܱЩҩݣû˵١ֻҪǰһ˵ܽΪ²һ
ǴӾӾͿʼ׼ģˣУõǸֳºõģʱܿ͵ˣʱ򾰳ٸҩݣʱҲòôࡣ
οûǰ׼ʹ뱸ҩҲܡ
ֻһЩҩӪԼǳȵۻõһѡ
Ȼܰ쵽Ҳܣ
̫ɫȴ̫ÿù³Ϊȵ۵Ļ
ݣıѹһͷʱ˾̫Ǳѹģһǰˡ
̫ﲻ֪ǿϾ͵˲һĳȵֻۣһ½ȵԼʶʮΪΪ񣿵˶ǵλȵۡ
òϣֻһ̡ᷭ
ݿüɶԼеĻһҩݣȻ࣬ΪٶǸҩ̷˵Լв٣ֻǡǮƽʱ˲١
ûˣֻ̫Ǯ
֪̫ǮЩ̫ӿ׬˲١
̫ӳûͬˣ𸸻ʵʱǾ䲻ҪڵĻλȥһɿ¶ʧı顣
ӣеӣ
ݵõ̫ӵŶ󣬺ܿλҩ̷ȡϵԹȥˣȿһҩ۾ˡ
̫ӵõݵĻ룬ȥ׼ӣԼһֽǮһֽ
˵ڶ죬̫װһûıݣҲûʶԼ˻Լȥ˽׵ص㡣
ֻǾ̫߸չȥûãô˸ϵĴͻȻڴ򿪣ڰղԿʱһһҩݳˡ
ˢˢҩݴǰϸ֮䴫ķҩݾȻһȫ
߲ʱ߳ģпˣүû뵽ײõµҩݾã˵뵽ǴҵҪүǾЩҩݾóǶȹѹء
ζ֣ʱ۾ˣ鼤ѣֲЩ£ֻѹЩ
һͬһʱ̣̫ûݼҩݺ󣬱ſڱ˽Ǯ̷˺̫Щҩ۾΢Уɫѵôá
ֻݺصһײûˡ
̫üͷǼҲ迴ţʲôˣ
ɵȿôԼ̫ҽԺļҽʱסˡ
̫ӿôҲüһֲԤУûعôѾĳЩҩݾתһȦ˫۷죬пʣݼ棺̫ӣû뵽Ϊ˽ݰվȻôƷѣ˽ôĺ£¹ݰл£
̫ӣ
ҽҲһ㶣ƽʱû̫ôǮô
̫ƤӲô뼸ҽһһֹά޵ĻֻӲͷƤӦҲ뾡һ⡣
ôǰ䲻˫ס̫ӵ֣Ǹˣ
̫뱾ҲҪͳȥģֻҪܲһ͡
û꣬и˷ܳ˽ˣ찡̫ˣͱöҩݣǰ˴æھڸⷢҩأȫˣ˵Ļ͡
̫Ӷ۵ĻԹ˵ģԼѪҩݣǱ˰ɣ


48 

ô˴̫ԼʮҩݹʱŲµļƻ, ǿ̫ɫͲ̫ÿ
̫ɫܺÿѪôҩΪ벫һʹǽóȵҲˡ
С, Ǹô߿ߵľ, һѪĿڡ
, ӻˣһˣֻ˶κôΪݰһЩ£һ޳ɡ
ռ̫֮Ǳ֮һҩݣ, ̫Ҫˡ
ȵλǰ, ׼ҩݸ, ʹ̫ӺҲһ, ʱĿжϣ˵̫ӡ
̫ݸδĻʵ, ߻ʵԶǸõΪġ
οʮǰȵΪ˲ʵ, ټݱΪźġ
еҩ¼һôԸЩҩݺĴ
Ž, һĿĲҲ, ǽݸԼؽ, ô˺Ҳܴúܺá
һֱæڲ˸̫Ҳһͬߣһ˻̻ؾôǾеļ硣
ҲԼΪ˴һ´Ҳ֪ʱҲûܾôΪһ׼硣
վһ죬æҩݵûʲôߣǾ
ǰߣΪЩ뵡һʱֱײıϣһŶͷүôö˶ͣˣ
ȴһۣ˵㵹ǺúÿĶȥˣ߸·ҲĲɵģ۳֪Ļˡ
ʻҲûʲô˭þ飬֨һֻˣ¹ٶˣһʱ졣ĶүԺӣ
ˣô컹ûúôԺӣǱͤˡֱ˵뵥ԣ˶¾һȥԣ㱾š
Ҳû룬ԼȥҪ鷳һݣҲӦˡ
ùʳҲû˵ģֻþղøųúʰμӹ磬һ̻ؾ
Ӧȥʱ̲סͷ۶ӣؾҪ£ϲż֡
ҲûʱôϣԵȻصӲҪˡ
ٵȵȡƾ͸Իˡ
صҪ취뿪¡
ûиʵɵĻǺѣŪһŪ߲ʱ˵δޣɵ˾ɴУһȥ飬ײ鵽Ǽٵġ
һ߾֮û뿪ûһ˴ԶȵͤǰϢסȥ·
̫ӸͷŲԶͤϵˣС壬㵥̸̸
һۣƫһͷʧ١
̫ûˣ̧ǰߣʰ׶ʯС壬εС𣿡
󵭶Լ˱ˮŶʲô
ֱ̫ӿżɽЩҩݵ£Сǹӹµ𣿡
Ŀϣ֪ǲǴ˿Ǻҹֻͤ˸ǹŵĵһʱͫʺڵΣǹΣ
̫ҧС壬ʶôãóȵ۵Σ
ȴЦЦԱãͦõġƵͷһĻȴ̫￩һ¡
ʵɵЩСȷܺãʵϸ룬ôãΪʲôСô
Ҳγһ·ͨģøҲɵģϾ˭Ҳһвߣûв
̫һСӹµ¹¿Բ׷ֻǡСȻˣܲܰѾø¡
˵仰ʱ̫Ҳ˺ܾã֪Էܻͬ⣬һԡһʼһ㶼⣬һԼˣȻأҲˣ嶾ɵٴγ֣ЩԵģڵˮԼʱǶԷߣʱĸܣ
ֻòǣ㣬Ҳĸ֪ĸԼǸµķ
ԣֻѡĮԼЩ顣
ѹֵľˣĵʱڲòԼĸ飬ߴӵѾǸкøУɵ壬ȴѾˡ
Է˽ȵˡ
ɫʹո̫˵ǷҲûʱȴɭ䶢̫ӣҵ㸸ʵ˵仰𣿡
̫￩һ£¡
Цһۣ̫Ӹҵ㸸ʵ˵ⷬǿԿ뱾һ򡭡뱾һʸûС
˵ⷬȥ̫ȻòҰ׵ɫվӹϢ磬ʰ£Ҳû̫ӡ
̫ӱ󣬷ʯϵ˫߬ƾʲôΪң
Ժ֣ԼĸĶʵ̫ԭŭй˰㴹ۣȴִ֣˻ʵۡ
һжˣĸ˵öԣϣֻǸλãõԼҪһС
춼˳һ磬ǿ
ԴӹһºԽԽ˯ÿԼԼӰȻҲˣ˯˯ˡ
س̵;бԻȥ;пܻΣΪɡ
󾰳ҲһôһĻ˵ӵȷףҲͬ顣
ȥ;бʱҪ˳ܶ࣬ʱȥȴᳵУԤڵٶȵǿ˲١
һʼԼ˯ỳʲôηֻΪЩڽݰæΰˣһβÿЩ
ҲͰƽˣ;˵δɱܿ챻˻ȥ
һ·Գ˯˯ûôģȸ˰ؾֻʣ·ʱԼûãٴž˲٣üһֱ
ͻȻ濪ڣǲˣ
㱻Ǻһ£Լؿڣʳ̧ͷŶˣүǾ¹ٳԵĶˣǰ˵¹ǲˣ
ʲôëܣҲܣ
ϾɵĿ⣬ԼͿһǱˡǾöԷɫ˲٣Ҳûг˲ĸоǡһ˵ĸо
ȷŽһЩ
ͷͷǷȴûףȻûԻôˣ·ɵûʲôʱ䣬أ
Զ̫ӾһĻ󿴹֮ǰתͷԼ񣬿ɸոһĻУڡ
̫ӴۣԺﷴŹȥ£һǰʱ
Ϊ̫רעǲã£˵Ҫ
̫
ԴϴλݳǸν⺦ʧغ̫Ӿûֱӽϵ̫ӶͷȻ˾ٺú㡣
һǿڣ£˵ͼһ棬˵¾ȥҲ޶ҪҪ£Ǹйء
ҲΪ˵¹̫ӣŶ˵һ䡣
̫ü룬Уûݽ
ȻݽվԶȴûף񣺡¼¡
̫ɫ̫ÿҪ͹˵ʲô
Ժǰձץ󽻸ɲѡ
뵽Է˵̫ӿ˺϶֮󣬻ջǾҧһˡ
һ£ܵ˵¹صµҪ档
̫ӸӲͷ˽ϳȥ룬ǻӻ¡
˶º󣬻ݴӻͳһǸСģû˫־ٵͷ¿ԿŻ񡣡
ʵҲ֪滭ʲôԷֻ˵̫ӿ϶Ը
̫ӻܾԸɴ˵ģɣصġ
̫ü뵽ݵЩ£ջǳɽӹֻǵ̫ӻǻȿ滭ԼԱ׺ŵһС֣ȿʲô̫


49 

̫СĻ, ʹֻаƴ󣬵Ůռ˴룬֪˭ĵ, ߳, ŮһһЦ̬˳
Ůɳü, ü繣ǰ·Ϊжôרע
̫ĲŮӳúãǶԷü۾ɣˣԷ΢΢¡ԻʱµС
̫һʱ, ֪Ů˭, ȴһּΪϤĸо, Ӳⲱƫͷȥ֡
ôŮѾֲ, ȿԱߵʱ׺䶥
ͮ񡪡Ͷ乬
Ż˵ӡ, һ
̫֣ţּΪϤǻ, 񡭡
̫ܿ˭姲ǰٸ, Ͷز
̫֮Լǵ, Ϊ˼Ϊвš
ȵۻʱ, Էǳȵ۵ұۣȵۼݱԷȥ̫һְȴںԺ׫
ְ꣬ȴд²پ⣬ʹ꣬дЩʱʱѧóɵ䷶
̫ӵʦҲλǰٸͬҲἰԷΪźӢš
̫ǵλǰٸʱδȢޣͮ񡭡˭ǺΪλû乬Ҳǵôһλɣοǰٸô˽ﻭôһ
ͮ񡭡ɣ乬Ĺ澡
ڹе澣λǰٸʶ
̫ӵԺһλǰ̫ҽԺԺʹΪȵûùˮջ˲ҽѧоͰȵѰߵķӡ
·󸸻ʴŭλԺʹ׵У˵ɶԷʧְ£踮ԺʹΣŮ빬ΪūоǷ䡣
漰µ̫ҽܿϻ硣
̫֮ܽϵһΪλǰٸ׹ϵǰδҵչֻǻûȵ£Ůȫ빬Ϊū
̫߬ŻŴŻŮӵĶӣٿǸڣ߬Żָȴ̲סɫף
ڳͶ³ˡ
õʲôŮôʲô˼
ŮӻţĺӻšӣǸ·ݳ
ݴ̫ӿʼһֱ͵͵ȥ̫ӵɫԣͻȻȦ죬߬Żֱŭһ̾ͻᷢ񽫻˺١
£һæѡ
̫ӽӲŲӽĿӻתϣһ㽫Ļٵݣ˭ģ
Ǳ̫ӵ񿴵ô˸ǡǡڤӡ
̫Ӻĺ幣Ȼĺ幣
ʲô˵ʲô
ݸϽͷٿɤӼ˵⻭ֻܻģԭ滹С˵⻭Ӧþ֪ԼҪ˵ʲô⻭֤˵͵º
̫ŭЦºһɥ֮Ȯƾʲôº
ͷϷ̫ĥĿ֨ҪԼ˺飬ͷһμ̫ӷôĻ𣬻ź
鶼һֻӲͷƤ£⡢ⶼĺ˵ġµ˼˵˵û֪ͬ¡
⻰˵ûͷϷ̫ӵú󣬾ڻΪ̫ӿ϶Ҫʱ̫ӷ侲ںδ
̧ͷ̧һӲͣ˵һʱ俼ǣ֪ͨص㣬ֻ˵õ²Ҫˣ˻̽ɢ˾֪
̫Ӵ˿̾Żݣô֪٣
ݻ亹ʼðһ㶼֪ʲôֻ֪ǲ뱻šһ㶼֪
̫ˣòŰڰ֣°ɡ
ȴûף̫Ӹոж˿̶侲ж¡
ֱ̫뿪öûж֪˶ãǸһŵĻչѾŤĻŮģͬ˿һ㡣
̫ӵ͵Цÿ֤ʵѾˡ
ʶĻôĺĸƺʼֻ̫֮λ
СĸпжĮôֻСһİôжȰ
ĸһֱ˵ΪǻãҪֻλãܲĶӡĻѹԼһͷ
ǲͬģһжΪãһܰȴĽĳͷ
Խ뵱̫ӣԽǲʧȴ·Խá
ȴҲһвΪĸϿΪվȽŸֻΪҲѹͲĹ⡣
һȻʺ֮λӰˡ
һߣ͵͵̫ӵȻ˿ϽԼǱߣȴûף浽ĺ幸̫ӵĻʲôΪʲô̫Ǹ飿
Ҳ̫ˡ
֪͵͵һˣʱҲ»һʲô͵оͲˡ
ȴʧȻ
ݲ֪Լߵһһ
һһи֪үǱ˼һ棬ƺһûã̫ӣ̫Сʱ뿪˵ʲôʲôû̽˸⾯裬书Ҳ±֡ҪҪ¼ȥ̽
Ūңޱ鲻أ˼̫ǱߵĶϢٱ
Էʲô̫Ӷģʱ̫ӱȻж
αô̽ȵʱҲ֪ˣż
һ룬׺뿪ˡ
ԼһȴܾȱʲôôԼԼҲûʲôԴӺĳ¹󣬾ͲԸԼһˡ
ʱ磬ٴλһ̴ӣʲô
̴£ȥѯʣû»󣬻ûƺѾЪˡ
󣺣˿ɳ©ʱô˯ˣ·Ͽһʱ䶼˯˯ô˯ŵģ
ҡǰڰּԼˡ
ڶ˯ʱܾǱʲôţëëġ䲻۳Ǹȥ󲻺Ȳ跴Ű߿
ֱԼһЩү㿴ʲô¹ʲô𣿡
˵ʲôëлɣ첻ǺȲ裬Ҫô˯ٲȻͿ
·ϵʱô
ھʱջĿ⣬ͿһҲûʲô˯ô㣬Ҫ˯齣λã
⡭ðɣң
ȴҡͷãЩʧߣҲλ˯úһЩԼϵķˮҲãǸλǲǸ׺˯һЩ
ôþ첻ǳԾ˯
аȣϴ˵㡣
Ǻܿ컻λõĶˣھλϣųڣҡҡλξһ㲻˯ǰλá
һƫͷĳ˱̺һѾ˯ˣ˯ñǰá
ŴͶһƹպھϣԷյøգ֪ΪΣԺһĨ컵Ļ棬һѸٽջͷƫԼԽԽԾˡ
ѵǰش򻻵䷽ӰЧ


50 

һ˯ø, 齾ǱԼƽʱ˯õطߣҲ֪ôģ˯š
һ쾰, Ψһÿһ, ·ԼƵġ
ԼѯҪҪʱ, Էɫˣҡͷܾ
˯Ľ׶Σϻؾ;и·˯ȥҲԼܵ
ϵʱ򣬾ͬһõţΪȥʱôԣԾϰ֮Ҳûʲô
ֻõһʱ, һͻȻ, ɫ档
ҪվүȻ, ¹Ȼˡ
ȴ°͵˵ûʳ, ġ
˵̧һ档
һ߽һЩѹ棺ү, ̫ӸոҪȥԡΪɣ̴ֻ뿪Ӫأǰ󷽵һƬ֡
üû뵽̫ô˶, Ǹ棬Էʲôѱ̫ӲϧðΣҲҪжȥԼ
һѹѾ˸ȥүɻҪʲô
۶һɷľ, ·еʳ˼ζ, Щֲ赭, ȵõЩʳ
ͻȻ䲻ʵ»Ҫʲô
һʼûӦģָָԼŷ룺ɫˣ¹ʰһҲЪˡ
󣺡
΢һüôˣ
ģ̾Ϣһ¸ȥϷ
ʶܾŲ뿴ʲôϷ϶ûɶ£ֵĿ⣬룺ʲôϷ
󣺡ұȥ˯ǿô˯߶߶ȥһûٱ𴦳˿Լɷˡ
ٴһѹˣο֪˶ټ
˵Լؾôס£ѹһ㶼⣬Ҳû뵽νĿϷȻû̫ӵĺϷ
̫ӣĺ幣
ʲôʱһˣ
һʱѹû£ôߡ
ǰһȰһ˿书Ƭ֡
ҲʱŸоƽʱŵΪжߣžϢҶ޺۰㵽ûǰԶ̫Լ̴ӵĲ
һþȲѣڳ͵ôΰɱ»һ˵ıԼ϶书˵á
ֻϧһĶҲ֪ԼϵͳܵһĻ֣ܲܽˡ
̫Ӵ̴һ㣬̫Լ书һ㣬ѹûԼ˸ˡ
ûãһûҲ̴ӹˡ
̫ӿҲ³һӻ̴֣ӳһջ̫ӵ˵̫Ų˿
ʱźɫӲŽñժ¶һȻĺ幡
ĺ幸һξ̫ӳݣȴ̲סֹ̧ƣ̫ӹȻõĸֻǰ̫ӾͲСƭģȵɱ㣿
̫ޱ鿴ӾͶ֡
ĺ幸ɱ̫ӣǾ뱱ڤսʱֻʻᷢڤ
ʱĺ幱˵ܵӣǻܵǣڱڤĸǣڡԣ̫ӸҶģĺ干Ҷ
ĺ幻Ĳң̫ģȴֲ֧ЦˣǰҪϧϧ㲻ô죿
ΪҪҧէȻ⻰һ㶣ʲô
ˣĺûѷ˵ˣ˵̫ӲΪǸ˼
ΪǰṦģһֱţ˿ƫͷȥ󣬺üͷҲţȻҲû뵽ϷȻ֪ôһ׮¡
̫ӵķӦѾȷʱ˰˳ġ
̫⻰ǰͶŭȴֻǾվĮĺ幣Ҫ֤𣿡
ĺ幣Ҳ̫ӵĸı䡣
ĺʶԵɣ̲סЦǰͬɥ֮Ȯ꾩أ£߸ϵ̫ӣȴһ̫ı䣬ǳ֣ͦгɾ͸У龫µĴĸоĺ幾õ˴롣
ĺֻˣһӻ֣˽⿪磬̧ͷ¶һű˪Ǹٵ
˲֮⣬ϻкü¾ɵĵ̣Ѿ裬̺Ҳ˲٣ôȻ¶ݣ̫һü
ֻǵڶ̫ȴüͷøöԷЩ죬ϸȴסɣ֣
ɣֶʱۿںᣬ̫һ񣺡ūݼ̫ӵ£
̫ȴûֻüλɣֵӡѾܵʮ֮ǰʱܼλɣ֡
ԷǻʺߵĹֻ֣ʮ꣬ɣͻȻʧˣʱʺ˵ɣֵõ׼Ϲˡ
̫ӵʱȻɣֻһ֣Ҳû⣬ܿ¡
͸Ϲˣȴǰ
̫ӲʲôνĸϹ²˵ǣʵǻʺ˺֡
Դ֪ԼܿܲǻʺĹ⣬̫뵽ȥأѾԸ϶ԷԼĸ
̫üɣ֣㵽֪٣
ɣֺȦԼɥȪһڣҧ̫ӱӻԼһұ𣺡ū֪ıȵõĶ࣬򡭡ūҲūڵ˼ūһСūܵūۡ
̫ӱһֻ߬ܿԼĵ׵ľκˣ֪һ£⣬ԼԼΪô侲
̫һ굽ô£µΣǻʺǵʺǸĶȥˣ
ɣּȻĺ幹ҲûţﵮµǸĻǻɣΪռסӵճͷҲԼһĲǻӣѹһͷ
Ͱ򵽸պͬʱ乬ǱߡĻûþûū澴ˡӸˡλΪԼµǸ̥һʱ״񲣬ܳ乬պñȥԻҺ˲Ϊɣ姹ӵ£͵شΪǣ󹬵£һжܽеģֻº浽ϲûʣֻ˵姹ز
̫ҧأֻƾһ֮ʣù㣿
ɣִۣҲû˵˵һԡ
ĺʱ֣ǸǰͻȻһһ
ʱҶһ״Ķӿ¶澹Ƕ߹ľ
̫ɫһƬ
ĺȴСרڳģҲСôʱ¡˵̫ӻҪлλʬҸĹظˡ̫ӳͱӵڱҰʳûˡ
ƫͷȥ󣬺ޱ鶨ǰ
Թȥ˽ⲻ̫࣬ĸҲİĪʶǶˣ


51 

¿̫, ľҧأôԶҲܿԷ, Ȼŭ¡
ĺ幻ЦǰɣС˲ٹ̫ҵλ˫, С˰ɣСɶΪ̫, ϾҪ̫ӵļʵʱɾûСô˵ˡ
㵽ʲô̫һֱ̧ĺ幡
Ҳûʲôֻ̫Ӳ˵Ҫ֤֤̫ӲϲĻ̫ĸźѪԣĺ̫ã·ܽ˲ڽ, жʹࡣ
Ѫĸ, 齩£, ѹ׺
ŴʱûӼ, һ㶼õѪ׻ߵιס
ľһ˼ıţԱе, ȥպöĿ⡣
ʲô飿
ûУүˡ
Ŀ˳žľϣ뵽Ǵ, üԵѪ׺ܻɣ
Ǻɣѹź𣿵⻰϶ܺ˵Ͼ˵Ҳһš
˵ˣĸҲȷ̫źûйϵ, ϾҲӼ
ϵͳֻܶһҩ, ˸߼Ķ
̫ԴɫһƬ, ҲûϻȻһˣҲ֪һ
̫ߵľǰҲûĺ并֣Լƿľ֪һ£ȿŵ׹ǣá
ӻһذףɽָƣѪ̽׹ϣһֱţҧţֱĿѪ׹ǣٵ廹̲ס΢
ĺһ˵Сͷһμ޺ˡ
̫ģһ̾Ҫͱĺ幣վûҲûǣֻĺ幣ʲô
ĺʼ磺̫⻰˵ġŶԣӦó̫ˣϾ͵֪㲻ĺӣⴢ֮λȲȾͲ֪ˡ
̫вĿġ
ĺЦˣСϲʹˣҺСλֻǵʱҪСñڤĻλҲԿԲԣ
ĺ广ɿһ嶾ɵĳ֮λǰǿϺϻڵλá
ˣдܣҪĶǻ׾֣ܵ
Ҫһ㣬̫ӵǻΪڤʵۣʱˣٽҴһУһңɳû´ʱҪʲôʲô
̫һۣȴʹԡ
ĺ֪кУҲ£Ͼô֤֣ʲô޷Ǿơ
صɫѾˣžһƬֻżʿѲߵĽŲ
һʱ˷Ӧû뵽ϷȻôһϣ˳֪̫ӵ
пûἰһ磬ߵһʱ֪ҲûЩ̫˽֪ģֻǴӾĽǶֻ֪Լǰ£֪ĽҲ֪ο̫Щ¡
鸴ӣ̲סйǹܵһ飬´ʲôϸڣôƶ÷˼
̫רעԵͻȻʱҲû˳ˡ
䲻ʵʲô
̫ӡ
󣺡
֪ʶԼ˵ʲô
ع̧ͷͶŹֵĿ⣬Ͻү룬¹ֻǺˣϾϷ̫࣬¹ôҲû뵽̫ӾȻǳ͵۵Ĺ⡣
ȴ־鲻͵ȥɱ⾡̫ӾȻԼ֣;ý
ǣү̫ӵĸʲôˣүʶ𣿡
ո˺ʱͺܺ˵ʲôݡ
ϾֻǲʶˣӦòðôķմӻʺдôߺǡ
ҲûڣȴΪӣ̫ӵĸǰ̫ҽԺԺʹĶŮͮ񣬵ȵزû˺󣬹ˮջ˲ٶҲҽҩ伮𱻳͵ԺʹͷϣΣҾŮ빬Ϊūеķ䡣Ԫ빬Ϊūȥ乬澣Ȼ乬ªȴǸȫڡ
뵽Ǳ͵۸ģദ֮˹ڳ͵۵ģ̲סи󵨲²⣺ˮǳ͵۸ɵİɣλԺʹôڻұݺˡ
̧ۿҲûţԺʹ˵ǸϻЩ̫ҽһһûɡֻΪ͵ڣһ¡
ƽ˫ۣϸʱ㣬ǰųȵ۲͵۵ǻûùˮջٲٶȻôˡ
ѹȵ۵⣿
ü㵨ӵǴⶼҲ¡
ȴûϣǾ˵ģֻ֪͵ۺŵô޳͵ۡ
û뵽͵ۺݵɱ˻壬ԼΨһİֶûŹ
Ϊ˻λֶΣλҲˡ
ʲôˣ
һԷĲѧԼҵĹϵ̾ϢһԺʹ姹Ӷǳȵ֮ˣԳ͵۱ûŹǣҲס˶ˣǵû˵࣬Ҳû֤ݣֻ̣׻û
鸴ӣǳȵ۵Ź£˵ĹˣҲȵ۶
̫һֱ̫ϣΪ͵۸̫ӵĸȻˣǹˣһʱ䵹Ǿ̫ӡ֪һ㣬ͬһ㡣
صȴ˯ţԺﶼ˵Ĺȥ£龹ǱĻҪӣ͵۱лҪݡ
ôһˣ̫αװΪĿҲݣ֪Ľ֣ϧֵҰ͵һȫͬҲĪ
֪ʱ˯ˣһ·ϵల£żȻԶԶƼ̫ӣƲʲôϽĳŵ̫ӵûǰ
һ˾ô˳˳صУ͵Ϊ˱⣬ڳ¥ӭǻ
ֻһҽʿ쵽꾩ʱص̫ҽԺĶһͨȽʥʹҴһص͵ſڣԶԶƼӭȥÿĻϵľǰذ˱סۿ죺ܣ
Ҳ̲סӷᣬξôţֻ̧۶ЦЦĿ⣬ѵò˼ľĺ󱳣磬ⲻûô
ҲĨĨۣɿ¿ۣʵˡ

һԵҲ˼ֵʹäˣȫôܻݣ
ֻǿʼһصԺûãֵС
ҲǸصԺӲſԺѾźõΪʱܡ
࣬Ͼ֮ǰһ֣ʣ¼һҲһӡ
ھҲûţ֪Ѿ˺ҲŶܻظǺø׵ɫǵֳģһֱڶ󣬼Ҳһֱסʱ俴˲ٷӡ󣬾ԶĵطһլԺŻ
֪ҲûԣҲǴʹϾѾ£Ϧദסſ϶ᱻ⡣
οôవӲòء
ԵȾú˹С
ԺڵͤŶ˹ְлУȫ̶Ǿʱĸм֮飬Ժ󶨵Ϲᱨ
һֱ˵̧꣬ۿһֱûڵľҲ˼
ûȥ󣺡үȷҲ¹ٵ˼ǰĺ£ǰ̫ӵ£֪ĺʱҲ˲ǣ̫ӵ㹻ĺ幽Ŀת𴦡
ô̫ȴ֮λѾæˣȻҲ˲Сආ
˾һۣû˵ģֻվԾڣǾ߰ɡ
ֱ뿪ǰͷۣ˱ۣѾָʱ󣬶˴ʻ
ѡһԺӣֵǹ¼ҹˣʱסԺֻһԺһԺòԶҲӦ
粻þǰˣĸˣ˸ںֵʳ⡣
ԾΣʰ׵̲סڣȴŬ٣ʱ򻻸һլӣԺҪȢҲֵסһԺӣ϶Ҫģʱ򡭡
糩Ժ£ȴ¶ԾΪ޾ϸ·Ѿ澰׵ֻû뵽Լ¡
ž绰ĸ밲ţʹٲԸɻֻԴЩ
οϦദ䣬Ҳû취סҲҪİţôڶӴǰ취Ѱʵ뿪꾩
ôڣȴǷѣһʱ䴹ۣüͷԾ
룬ͷһͷһΪ˷ֹ˿Ļϣ̧濴򾰴磺磬м˵
类ıһҪʹ˵ʲôôͻȻôࣿ
þ̲סˣŵ˾
˿ڣ컰ߣǲ֪ôֱ⣬룬ѭ򽥽ʵ磬ʵмһֱ㡣˵䣬̧һʵǶ䡣
˺һŽͰʵǡ֪Ǹ𣿡
綺ЦˣԣǸ˼
룬ȻӽҲû£硭ֻǸտͷͻȻ뵽ʲôɫһ䣬嶼Ӳˣ֮Ĵšİɣ
һ֪ʲôϽҡͷٵģЩǼٵģֻ֪ҵҲû
ɿǾͺǾͺá
˿ȻЩǰôݣǰǸûʲôΪڴҲõĵܵܣþ֪۷ʲô£ԼڴܵܺҪ
̲סʵͲáܲԣ
ҡͷֲظܳȢ޻Ȣ򣬴綼֧㡣
Ĭһ򣺡ǡأ
һʱûʶʲô˼Ȼع£ǡ𣿡
ûУûе¡æϡ
ɿǵʱ˵
ֻû꣬ٴһذըȻûˣΪЩ⣬ܺܿҪһСֶˡ
磺ôûʲô˼
̾Ϣһ׽̯ˡ
仰˵ڣҲоԼͷʯͷǱÿɲ١


52 

ðûܻع, Լҹ֪ܽû˯õӲ̫ѡ
̫ˣûס
䣬ٴʵո˵ʲôû塣
ͦ, ģ̲ס, һһظһ飺, ҪˣȻҪǾǾ˾ҲС
磺
̾ϢһҲ֪ô£ʱȽر𣬵ԼǴȷϲ, ˡ
һʱѾû, ʱû֪ӵĴھѾ, ʱԼҪ, ʵ֤֪ӻúõġЩѾͷʧ
۵繵Ĺþ, Ͳתˣ𾪹ͻȻɫԣ˭ģǲǱ˭۸ˣ
ոնܻ˵û, Ǻģ
û뵽ʵĲԼôϲǺӵĵ
Ӿ̹׿ʼѾô㣬ҡҡͷҲ֪
ǵɴۣ֪ͬʱԺѾֿԣֶһ·϶˶ٿ, ̲סȦ,ǴԲ, ֪Ͳȥˡ
˽⾰磬һ֪Բ̫࣬ҡͷ磬ȻҲ֪⺢˭ģӵģԭʱҲ˵磬ĸԸӵġ
ǲδ磬̫˼ϵһֵܶ˵Ľֲá
̫˽磬ô֪һԼ̫Ӻôңµպദʱض̫ӣʱ򷴶ѡ
һʼͲߴ磬ҲôܵһѾܹЩ¡
ȻѾı䣬αػҪǣ
žü͵ģ˵ӵʱȷǻϲģڴӵġ
ʵѾǲ׵ģ׹ʱСɴ˿žģ׵껳ŶʱǲҲģ
ԺովĻĸˣ˵ԼĸԸӵģȴ˵Լ֪ӵ˭ʵǲǶԷѹϲܣǰԵɺ֮ỳ϶ԷĺӣԲ㻶ϲעͶԷһӵһĺҲԡ
̼ѾԲһŰȦˣöֲһģѵݺ˲ˣ
˵֪ǲǶԷҲ֪±ԷѺߣϾеȷѰ˭Ҳ벻
罫ߵһ飬ɫʵȻ˵Ǵ粻ˣ֪˭Ҳ޷ܰİѺᴦðõġ¾Բñ֪˻ôܣУǶܻᱻɹ
֪޽ٽһУͷӿϸж磬лл㡣
ֵܶʲô˵лģˣ㼸ˣҺһӣʲôʱܵϲ紹ۣ״Ʋʵ
һֱӣʮˡ
磺Ǿǻûݵ· ϵġ
ϳⷴӦȻãݸ߲ʲöԷ֪ǳ̫Ǿ
̫ӽӴ࣬Ӵġѵ
Ȧʱˣɱǧ˵õüٰˣǶȥˣƫƫദĹаòĶģ⣬ĶܣôԵ޹ȴĸԸ̣
ܺÿÿɶ
ģȻãֵֶж֪֪Ͳˣװ׶˶һġ
ûĲԾԼ˵Ŀ˵˳磬Ѿ£һǲزס뵽ʱиʵ뿪꾩ֻһʱȴҲ벻õİ취
žְ취ģڻʱ䡣
Ȼ֪ӵ£պڳȻҪһʵݡ
Գ˵ʱ뾩ҪһĸⶼҪŵ¡
˿ҳһţְһϹᣬٹڹиǰй˽ӷϴҪȥš
Ҳû磬ŴҲҪʱһС
û뵽̶ܳȵǲ˻Ϲ۽ʱѾָҲûἰӵ£Ҳ¸ǽж
ǵʱʱ磬ͬų԰ʱֵģʱһδӺȵ
һʶڹε˭æÿξʱ񣺡¡
Ϊǰֵܶ˰ߵ鲻̫ʹ죬Ҳûֹֻܾôζ뿪
ԭСûĵٹڹſڵһ𣬽ոյ˵طÿһãһ·ϰڴˡ
ŽҲǰ˵ĽŲ²ǽĹԱûʲôȤûᡣ
Ӿһʱ˳
һڴᣬˣۣڽѾԽȥʱڣͣ¡
üһⶼֻԸտʼ˸ڶѡ
ûȾôӦ󣬾ǰһѾȵھǰ
ȻֻǻɣôöܰϧĸԸж֮ãܸߵģҲֻǴݻģԼദ̶ܳȷϡ
һͣȻбһöģԻһͦ
ÿͷһֻǸӰʵʵģˣ֪ǲǴܾþͷǰһۣ
ɣ϶Ǵɣ
ĵӣѵǲԼ̫עԼܣ˼ˣ
ɸ󳯾ЦЦλߣһ˵գ˱ŵˣ½뿪ˡ
˱ΪͣΪ˾ˣϾĴţɽδӽݻôоﲻ̫һ
ȻûԴ
ɿֻһת˸ӵı飺
ûУǰº;˽鲻λЩˡһλ˴ŵӿڡ
鿴۾֪Ĵţô᣿ôߣֻǵֵܶ˱ԩֵʼԮ֣ΣѾˡ
˵עȻڰϣļٵģѵȥֻǴţ
˼תҲɿѾҪӣպؾ϶ҪݴźӻҲôԼȥôһβŵĴš
ڳ͵ڽⷬڷǳ͵ҲɱģǲǶѾôҪˡ
ǳ͵ĲģҲٲУ⿪δŶкô
µò鷿ڣ˿ɭһƬѹʢ̫ӹʹû̧ͷҲܸо͵۵ŭ
νǰأһˣ㵽ͷϣ֪񷻼䣬̫ӻһ͵ɫ࣬뵽̫ûãû뵽ô
ƽʱ̫ڳбȲ϶ҲˣٱӻǿһЩأ
͵󻺻̫ӣ̫ʧˡ
̫Ӱڵϵƻ߬ɿԺֻг͵仰ŴʣˣԺһʵĻҲˡ
Ϊ˵õʺͬΪ˻ʺ󵱳Ļϧʣԭһжƭġ
Ƕƭ
͵û˵ó͵ԭŭһȻŭɢ˴롣
̫Ȼû£֮ǰĶԳ͵һƬĽ֮ģҲ͵۵˼Ħ̧֣ͷȦ죺û뵽С徹ǵõߵķӲ˵˽ǰҩݲδ֪һʱ쾹Ƿ˴СƣСôĺʹ
͵ۿ̫Ӷķŭ⣬۵й⸡֣ٿ̫Ӹ˳ۡ
̫Ӽشһôûã˸ʵһƬ⣬ҪȻ̫ӾͲˣ
͵ӳ˵ʲôն̫ӣλþġֻǷ˸οΣҲ֪С塭͵û˵ȥ̫Լȥ롣
̫Ӻã̫Ķûô˼⣬ҲǺðѿأοһûҰĵĻӣûġ
͵ô̫һ̫ȥ󹬼ĸ󣬱߻ˡ
̫תʱֻۣǱų͵۵ĵطĮһƬ۵˿
ֻǵȴ򿪵ţ̧ۿվڵĹʦָֻǿװ򶨵ģͷδཻܿȥ
ͷǲʦ˵Ҫչؼ£ôͳˣ
͵ҲǸ֪ʦص£æùʦ鷿Źʦ㲲԰׵峺˫ۣ۵һ̻ߴܹ£ȵһأȲʵʦαչأкϢˣ
ʦ֣İɫĶɷǵĸоµü۸ֳȻѳׯϸУ˲ԾøС
ʦɤڴڻ𣺡Ҳ
͵ûס͵ĳȲѣ̫ˣ
εΪһ˽ӷϴǳ͵һЩ
һʼǳ͵۲δͷΪ֮ûã͵׼žһͬǰģˣ͵ü۴Ц崺磬鼫á
ͬһͬ񣬲²͵װĸ˻ˣ
ܿ죬͵ϯ󣬾ͽ¿һôּ̫νһ
ϽԼ̫ҽԺһ˵ȶչ͡
һ룬͵ִҴ뿪ǰʦЦЦνΪºĹʦļѹ˵˾ʲôԶ塣
ֻ۾ջĿ⣬ͷŰϵĲȣѡ˼ܳԵģ֪ǲǸո·̫Ҳûʲôθڡ
ںзθĸоǰһֱܳ˯ûвʵķӦʱȴС
һʱ˲ԣɴཫһйΪ̫࣬ϳ͵ˣֻ̫򣬾ɴȥ͸͸
һ߳ŻǰߣµĿʱһо˳١
վһƫƧĵطǰľɫ뿪ʱ¶࣬Ѿ£԰ĺɻˡ
ʱŲͷ⿴ʦ֪ʱҲ߳ͷɫôˣ𣿡
ҡͷ͸͸
ʦϸɫΪýҲǱ뿪ʱҪãˣһ·ϵȷûܿ࣬ɫҲˡ
׼˵ɫ̲ס̧֪ΪΣԺ𲻾ǰ˵Ǿܳ˯ˡ
𣿴ǻس̵;뵽鶼ˣĿҲͲʲôˡͷתǱߵĺɻȴһֱû׼ŵٿ׼žĲڷ֪ʲô
ֱ׼Ųǻع񣺡Ǳչ̫ãע̫Уո˵ʲô𣿡
ҡͷҪȥЪЪ׼üͷҲҡһ£־Ҫȥ׼ҲպֱһξʶҪȥ߬
ͷһ˺һ㿪׼š
׼Ų˿գһģھסֱۣ׼ֱһͷ³
׼վȣʶոյ£
ҲΣʶľٶϾڲ
һ飬̲סתߣ̧ͷͿԶȾͷվﲻ֪˶ã˿̱Ź֣ӦǸպÿ㿪׼һ¡
̣ûסһ¶һνǸ⳩Ц
ˣ


53 

󽫸ոһĻ۵, ԭԶԶƼʦվô̫һ̾ʹˡ
֪Ƕ䣬ʦôദҲûʲô˼, ѱ˾ͲԾԽǲǣ
ûദķΧ, ͷʦˤҪȴ㱻˦µĻ, ̧ǰûŵλɣ
ʦոձԲûпЦԷЦȻҲոյһС
ʦûȻޱϲºģ˵Цˣǹ˭ܹĻȣôǴţ
ǰ, ȴԽʦֱվ, ֱ̧, ھ, ϸΪӵž
СǰҲû˵ʲô, ֻû
͸ĲˣȥٵȻҲܳˣ뵽ոյ¶׼ŴһǸ, Ͼһʱ׼İܶࡣ
񷴶ΪԼԭΪԼӰ˵飺⼸ջҲ˼һеæԺ壬ʦȲ衣
ǵһμ׼ʱһ⣬ʱġ
׼֮ºЦ, ûܾ, ۵׶Щɣ, ʱԼ
һԵǵһμ滹ûѾʼڴһˣ
ƫƫ󲻽Ǿ˭ұ¶ԼС˼
׼뿪󣬾̳ǰһԶȻûڸ̫ǿֻôܸоϸ·¶ȣ̲סҲ
һйΪ̫ȵԵʣϾʱѾǽ·ˡ
̧ǰߣȴͻȻ⿴ֱۣԶ㵽һԣüүʲô
޹װɵôˣ뺰¡
ɶʲô£˵˵ôϰ߳󣿾㳶ҲôӦ
󣺡ŶˣˣȻȥɡԼȥʲôѣûʲô
һʱ䣬鸴ӣеĹˡ
˼һα󣬼·Ҳ˲١
˼ڻȥҪ취ϲϰɴԷ´һû㿪
صУԡǰһ磬һԼһ̽¡
һ꣬Ҳ⣺˵ʦЩʱȥ˳͵ۣ˵˺ܾãƺαչйأ˵׼αչΪ£ôû˵Ϲʦϰߣ
һҡͷû̽鵽顣͵ۼʦ󡭡ƺĸˣһӼ̫ӵʱ򣬵ʱƺô֮󣬾һ̬ĺ¡ү¶סʦµãֱǳ͵ƽʱΪ
˼ȥ飬ǳ͵ߣйʦһȥ顣Ҫʲô¾ȻҪó͵Լôһݡ񡹶˲⡣
ڶȥ̫ҽԺ֮ǰ󶼲ϰɴϸֲˡ
ʹˣҲҸӦɣϾ˭Ҳ뵽ӻС
̫ҽԺְλҽʿȻȥ˹̫ҽԺ˶ȥˣְʱҲ
ҲżʱҪ취뿪꾩ҽʿְλǺðһЩ
̫ҽԺֻҪæּҩݣУ˳һԣǾҪģҽʿԱ̸ҲС
˵Ļ̫ӵģ˵̫˲٣ԭ֪
Ҳ¡ǱʺĻû˵ֻ͵͵һҽʿȻһ¡
ǰɣô᣿һҽʿ̫ҽԺģһЩ鲢˽⡣
ãҶ˺üˣ껹ãͷʱҽȥ˵̫Ӳˣ⻹̫ʵϡһҽ˽˵ģ˵̫Ӳǲˣ˴ġҽʿ֮䣬˼ۣϾ⹬ܴ̫ӵģ˻ʵۡҲֻлʺĸˡ
Ͽ϶˽̫ӣҪҲĿŵʺͲһˡ
Ϊʲôǿ̫ӣ
˵ʺСͶ̫ӼΪϿһ˴ͻСͷЩ·µģҲһЩˣࡣ
üջǾȲּҩˣЩʱ
й̫ӵ£̫ǿⲻñ˱˵ɡ
һʱ̫Ӳ֪ԼĻãΪ˴ﵽĿĲֶΣ֪Щֻ̫ĸ
Щ뾰ϵʱѾ֪£û׼ֻʱ¹˭ְˡ
ʱ̫ҽԺͻȻԺʹ߲ҽ̫ҽԺʱ
ûʲôȥ˺Ժּҩ̯ɹԺڣڰʱͻȻй澴ҴǰϽˣϽ
û⹬澣ȻĸģżҪҽǰͷнյֵҽ㡭
ȴѾŲܿƵԺſڣͷվԭأдߴټ¡
ֻȸȥǰԺƵǰͷȴվԱüҽ˵ʲôͷɫһ䣺ҽʿУûбҽʿ𣿡
ȴüҽɵſ̫ҽԺʣһλҽƽʱֲ￴岻ʣҽʿҲˣôֲˣ
ҽҪô˵ҽʿƽʱҽϴ̫ӷҪþ˹ȥ棬ǴӶ˸ˡ
ȴˣ⹬пֻһλ
ƫƫô̫ҽԺ˶ˣһȥ͹⺰Ҫרż
ƵԺ󻹻һΣ룬ڵҽȻżȥʰҩ䣬ܿͬǰ
ҽֹ΢ᣬϾλǺʥ
ӦҲ뾰޳ԹֻǸպôˡ
ܿȥʰҩ䣬ûñҩͬҽԼһǰĹ
һ˴̫ҽԺ߳ʱһȥȻ̴ǰָɸˡ
Ҫǰҡͷ漴һڣһ˾һŲ۵ֽ
̴ӺֻܿǵȿдĶ£Уȥ֪׹ʦ
̴ӾͲ۾ȷ׹ʦ
һʼȷ̴ȥæõϢҪãҲʱ͵ִⲻǸպðѰѱ͵ͷ
׼Ųһ׼Ϊݣʱȥ̫Ҳ̫ϲȻҪǣڹҲֻ׼š
̴һۣ룬һȥ֪ͨӣһˣȴҴȥ˹ʦ
̫ҽԺĹһξ룬ҽüĿȴž롣
˳Ļյûã׼žܸϵһ˳Ļ
˼䣬Ѿűӭڹϣ봹ۣʩۣ֬Щ㲣ȴҲھɫݣ󣬵̧ۣƺǳ߿ۣƺûС
ûҶ࿴ģȷ岻ѵԼˣֻǴˣ
ҽžǰʼеѯʡ
һԵֳ֪⼸һֱ岻̫θҲѣҹҲ˯ò̫ãûʲôһֱãҽơ
ҽ֣Ӹ棬ʼվԶ
ΪҪҩվһǰǱŹģԱ߾һƿҩ򿪺ҪתȴƳǰǸ澾վ⡣
Ϊϲ±˷֣Զ˵ĿǾ裬׼źǰֵ£ӶԱ˵Ŀ
ǹͻȻײһʱ̧һַסǣһֱֻһʲô
ǹû뵽ȻӦô죬һ֮£֪ʧ˻ᣬ˺վȣԲסˣū澸ûվȲײˣ
űײ۵ֱۣ⹬̫ҪûҪĻƿˣѵ⻨ƿܽԴӦҲڰɣ
ߵĶû̫ע⣬Ըоһֱߣֻһҽվһ˵һ乧ϲĻʶʲô͵̧ۿ󼹱ӿһɺ⡣
ҽֳϲϲϲһࡣ
ĴֺۣϲոƮƮһۣȴ󱳷ô
ոһۣȷȻĴùײٵǱߵĻƿ
ǻƿСײϵǾŵºܾ̥ȻΣǶΪ͵жд̣е֮ŭ
Ͼӣ谮͵ۿ϶ӡ
ھü˼ʱ⴫棺ʦ˴̫˵Ҫ͸
ѾҽĻһأҲû뵽ﾹȻϲˣϲԽǴϲ
ȴǾǰ𣿡
Ҳ֪εʧ˻ᣬԺҲѰᣬֻǲģȴֲ֪ʲô
ȻѾˣͻ˺ӣΣǻεڰӱͲҪԡɴŲ͡
˿̧ۿ򾰳վģմۣڰ֣֪ˣͣʦҽҽʿ뿪
ܿҽ;뿪
̤ʱպ׼Ųգգۣ߻һº͵Ц漴һһ
һֱȳĹɿֻǵȵ̫ҽԺ̤ԺڣͿɫڳʯǰɫģȻòᡣ
û뵽Ȼˣ̴ȥ׼ŵŤͷȥ䣬Ȼ̴ǽվţҲүŵòᡣ
үҴҽʦѾȥҲڻ·ϡ
үˣѾˡȡˡ
̴޹ˣร
л˵
˱ԤգȤĿղһ-ġ
ĵҳǡ
İ
һ繷Ѫģһ۲޻᳡
ǹŰ¹ŰŰģ˲Ҫˣж
׷᳡ˣǻ˰ɡ
һʱ󣬼μܺͳжĻˣ־µꡣ
һ׾šֵŰپţܴܿ׬ǮһҰԵĺȴ죬
Ͷι˵ˮ˵һԷ˵ӡҪǾӦܴȥˣ治ߡ
ѲԼĹѣǰһĻ
˭ϵȵ죬һһۣ鲻̫Ծ񡭡ˡ
ľȻȫQ꣬ҡһһֱûֵķɴУ̽¹ʢ¼

ʢʱڰ̶ֱһֽ֣Ԩ
ˣαƵ¸󣬽ΪһС
ֱҲҪ룬Ǳ㡭װˡ


54 

һ, Σ̴Ҳǵ
֪һ£׼, ̴ȴһ, Ի
ҽ, ϽѰˣҲ̫ˣص¾ҽʿһˣҲûð
ŭĴһѡ
Ϳһүôˣ
װɵˣܲ𣿲ϡҪ˰ɣ
˼ܶǰ˵, °, ƾʲô, ǲദ, ǹʦΣôˣ
ŤͷƳ̴ӣ˿ү, ˳ǽȥˡ
Ժһʱֻʣ
֪ŭƽϢǽûú̸빬̫ԶԶˮȲ˽ҲǵүΣ, ó͵ץүѱ
ü𣿡Ļȴɢ˴롣
ȴֵǰǰ㴫Ϊó͵۷ģ񡭡ӦҲҪˣԻһЩ
֪ʶǰ㴫ָǵĳһŭΪգǶ¡
󣺡оˡ
ý, ܿ۵ȻС磺ôԽԽˣ
תƻ⣺һˡ
ĵо, ֲСҪȫҪ
Ҫ֪˲֪, ǲ⿪ڴ̾ˣ׼
˵ͺˣǾҭһºֱӲˣͿһǹģ
ǰڹڷԼĲ²˵һ顣
ڵʱӦ죬ʱҪܳ͵۵֮ŭˡ
ŹȻԼƺ壬ôĽԼôĸˣ
ûע⵽ܾó͵۶¹ٷ𣬻᲻Ϊү
֮˵ҲΪֵҲ㵽ͷϡ
⣬üЦ㵣ı
ӣȻ
󷴶һתߣǡ𣿡
ҲĪĿڱ𴦣Ͼ¹үѾһϵˡ
󣺡ǰôû־ôˣ
üģ˵þ̫ӣǽͰһҶԱ֡˾Ҳú̶ܾǣ㡣
һ㶣¹ˡ
󣺡ˡֻúܾǡҪӣѣ˳ﵽĳ̶ȡ
ܾΪûˣֽȻͬĽ
ţôܣ˲ɣȻ
ܲ³˿̵˼սһЩѹΪýܴӾ۵׿ԼģҪӣҲأ
󿿽ʱˣΪĻ̫𾪣һʱ˷Ӧ
ʲʲôʲôӲ
žΪ΢ŵ죬Щһ˿ƫͷƣ̫Ȼͣڹôʥ費˥ʺδ˶Ը浱ƾ͵۵ĳ谮
뾰֪ȫͬѵǣ
Ȼǡ־ʱе㶯ģҲסҰġ֮ܽõʥ裬ǿ˭λģ
˳ѯʣ˭
ѵƼģ̲סֶ࿴ۣ鲻˵һ֣ࡣ
Ȼһ̳ɹȻԲ۾ƽʱ侲Գȫͬģǰһ
ֱֵصҲûΪ˵ϻع
Ǻ˵Ǿ䡰ȷҪӦòǳ͵۵ġ𾪵Ըӡ
ϡе̫Ҫ
ôˣôģ翴ĲɵģʵǲǺӵ⣬¸ǽжδٵἰ
ôЩҡͷû£빬£ϲˡ
ü뵽֣ɫҲ̫ÿʣȥˣûΪ㣿
ȻûԼҲȥ£Ѱ˸ڷˣȻѾûҪô絣ǡ
ֵǢȴһƬš
̴ǷˣԴӾ˰ߣ⸮ָֻǰѹ塣
ǽүһֵܽ˶
˿̴Ӳ²ĻҪ£һϥأҲ˵˰﹬﷢£ʧְԭŸջعԾˡ
ֻŷ͵ۣǽˣɴ
ĽС¼޻ˣʹүܱסˣҲҪϳ͵˺
˿Ҳү߲ռүպҲ
󣺡´ΣҲˡ
һ֪ү˵ĲЦ¾ٷ
û¾ôȻ˼ô࣬ҵ¸ɡ
һһ㶣ү˼ǣ
ۣ۵ĮһƬȥǵ취̫ӵ֪
ǰ֪̫ӲǻʺӣҲû롣
һѣ뵽һ£ʺ޽Ҳǻҡ
ƾʺ󲻿ܰںκκۼӣ˰æ
˲Ҳܲµٲ˻ࡣ
һʼֻ뱣סʺλԼҵȨƣϾ̫ǴԻҶԾǺ¡
Ҫӣǲ뻹ǲңν߰˳ɲǳ͵۵ġ
һ࣬ʱˣȥ֮ϵĺӣǳ͵۵ģǸҶʵŮ˵ģܶʱо飬Ǿǹȥϵ
ֻǻࡣ
ôһϵôӺĻӣǳ͵۵
и󵨵Ĳ²⣬һλӵһǻ֣ʺԴ̫ӽ̫ӻδֹҲ⡣
Ͼһʼû̫ӵǻĿıԼõǻ
뵽һ㣬̫ҲܲµǾǹҧ֮
죬̫ҽԺûʲô£Ҳû˹
Ϊϲ͵մã⼸һֱʱʱȥ
ҲԺʹɼ͵ӳ̶ȡ
ڣ³ӣ첻ýֵҲԼ׼Ϸ԰ԼϷ
Լڲ¥һƷի뵽һʱԼȾƵĻܺȾơ
ˮҲܶȡ
ӺӣʹһЩˮҲû£ǲԸɴԼϷ԰Ϸ
һʱ򾰳ԼϤĵطҲ׷
׼źƢ˵ҲûԣԣܳѾɡ
ǰ;˵һ绻ϳ˸ֻǸյǰԱͣһôЩ졣
ֲԤУһһ
һĻÿ̴ӳЦЦӡ
ģ

Σ˶ˣҲ֪ܵǰѹ񣺡үôˣҪ¹ٽݡ塣
ҧЩأòϢһ죬ỹҪɣ
ƤǿʢװӲˬ
˳ȥʹôͬȥôûӹ
˵ǲǳ˹£ѹûԼ
󲻿ϳԼˣǱˣеΥͻ߶Ծвһȴˡ
ƫƫ˲׼Ųû⣬üΡ
Ҫһ㣬׼ų壬ĸʥŮҲϹʦĵӡ
׼Ҫôһǧ˿Ƶǣ
ôξ˴һֲ̹룬Ҳû˵һǲǣ
˿ûʲôԣҲϷ¾ܾûȥϷ԰Ϸ
ͷۣò˵Ǿ仰ѾߵĻ˻ȥ
뵽Լô࣬־ԼüΣ뵽Ͼʹ˶̾Ϣһȵ˵طүٸš
׼ԼõˣͻȻȥʲô£
Ϸ԰ֲģϷ԰ȥϷҲУϷ԰ǵİᡣ
ĥĥаȥȵ˵ط˵
ûҲûʲôȵϷ԰ſڣմŤͷϷ԰ŵˣֽղ˳ŵĴ
ï͹վţƺ˹ƫͷȿ۾һ
ǹ쿣Ȧĺˣ촽һ£ѵߵ˻ȥǰ
ï۾þˣ
˵ˣ㣬ò׳Ϸ԰λȥһ˾լ˭֪쿡
뵽ǰԳ˼ï³ǰ£͸쿳䡣
ïǰһ̿漴ֹ˲
Էһ뾰ͬ°ɫĽϴߣס
Ǿ䡸ƫͷһ˫䣬Ҫ˶
ïӣ˸
ԷģЩˣֺ;һ𣬼ͨȣï뵽һˣӵʹͷղǰ
Ȼ䴫ȴûҲûѾߵ롣
޷ͷ˼ڼˣʹη壬Ҳ̲סǰһ
ĿӼïתϣǺߴ˿۵׳ճյģ
˲Դ룬һѾҲԼ˼һ£ʱ쾰
Ϸ԰ʶôǰ˵ԾȻֽϡ
ɫȴѿͻȻһ£ʼʱѾ˲٣Ӵˡ
еݵǰľйӼƵմӹ쿣ҲǵԳҩ֮ˡ
ʱ󿴵ˣֻɻ󾰶˼ô˵Ҳû̫⡣
˿뵽û˼
ɱ˲ӿǿҵһԵľ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥһ
Ѱʱ֪ԼҲ֪Ȼ֪
ǰν
ɱ˹쿣˲⣬ֱߵһԵסĿ⣺Ҷ˰ᣬٲȥҪˡ
Ȼ뱩¶ݣֻܸ˿ڡ
쿵ȷдѾԼ˻ȥȴڸĳ̶ȣҲ֡
Ŀתһ£ھϣĿ⣬ȷѹûôһ¡
˽ô˿϶ھУƤӵ£̲ס붯֡
˲ɿͷۼï
߸ϽŹˡ
žƵ¥£ʰ׶ʱü̲סʵ㲻
֪ʵǹ쿵£պûˣ̹Ȼ¹Ҳˡ
һ£΢̽ʵҩ£Ƕ˼£
û¶ȴ£ʱԼκĶӣ΢ɤ˻ѣаɣǺߣϾ¹ֲǶ䡣


55 

Լ˵仰Ĵ, û뵽ӰôԴϷ԰һҲûǰ
Ҳ˵׼æûн, ǲ
˵ԼǶ, Ĭ, ټ׼ʱҲûһˣϾ˶ӲðҲûҪٳݸɴס
ߵȷΪ˵ǻһ棬ҲֻǱһ£ǰ֪ˣҲͷһἰ
Ҫ˵Ƕ, ԼҲ, Ǹǻˣ
, ⼸ûҾ, Ϊһ˲鵽һҪ£ʱ˲Ͼ
ˣǼ٣鷿, ѵһװüŵϥǰһ
һҲ÷˼ǰֻǲ鵽һЩߣΪϢ, ɵȽȥһҲˡ
һֺʵ鵽Ϣȥүʮ֮˾ġ͵˽˵¯͸ҩݽΪҩ̫, ǲ鲻Ҫʲô, 
͵, Ӧȥ̫ҽԺҽΣ˽ҩݡ
ǣ͵۲֪Ҫõҩݵĵط
һһʼ֣͵زϢй¶ȥң⼸´̽͵вģ
ڼȥ⣬˳ȥκ󹬱ӹС
һƾ屶񣬻ں¶մ
ȻˣôҪôҩݣټϵµǸ¯Ҳһ˼󵨵ͷ
̫˼飺볤ˣ£ϻʵôˣ
ָϻʵ۲ǳȵۣǳȵ۵ĸʣҲһλʵۡ
ȵѹûϻʵۻͻȻزϲ̫ͻȻ
Գȵ۲ûųһȥҲ˺֡
ϻʵʱһλϵƭϵԼԵزֻû˵
䲻Ҳ˵֪ġ
ἰģʱ˵ʱҲԼЩ귢£֪ûãͱ͵ۺˡ
һ̽ϢʱҲó͵ǲԽԽˣЩҲҲ£뵽ĳֿԣ̲סҲ͵Ѱİ취Ҳ˵
ۣҲ뵽һˣÿԲ󣺡ϹʦûҴӦõ
һԼĲ²˵˳ү´̽Ϣϻʵ۾֪ϹʦܾˡϹʦֻἰǲֻܳϡϻʵ۲ţϹʦʱҲ˵Լ򲻵ϻʵ۲Ųҽϵ˿ӡ񡭡׹ʦóҲ˵ġ
˵ʦǰȥʱչعһʱ䣬ȷû
һôһֱǴΨһ䴫Ĺʦһ壬֪֮
ɫ̫ÿó͵ƫƫó͵
٣λ׹ʦĲϲжһ֡
үҪô죿׹ʦƳϵʱ򡭡
볤ҲҪԸ⡣ǰݵ̫ӵϢյ𣿡
һյˣֻ⼸춫һֱûжûжǾж
ۣס۵׵͵Ʋϵһݹȥ
͵۳ϣô̫Զܵʵۡ
̫εǳסǻѪ¶ĴǲС
͵۽ô궼ûгˣϦ侹ܿˣ鵹Ǹӡ
Էǳ͵۵Ĺ⣬̫ûôޣȻϲ
ڳ͵ۣ볤ϣһֱţǡҲͬʱ޳ͭǽǣҪȡ
һʱ˳죬ÿһһ¾ǿԼĶӣһŶӵı仯
鸴żһʱȷûѰ뿪꾩İ취ֻܼȡ
;Ľ˽㣬ѰὫأºӺ취꾩
ʱźӻֻ˵ڼɹ飬ĸѲҲ˳£˻ɡ
ֻѰһ뾩ĻᲢ࣬ôԣףҪȡ
ھƽʱĹۿʹӴһЩҲǸ򿴣ֻ̫ҽԺ߲ҽʿҽΣա
Ȼ룬ѱһһСıҽߣôĶ֪
֮УʱǻὫɹҪ˵պ;
ѾٹʱѰͷ̫ҽԺְλǵٵȵžλõ
ϴҲ£뵹һᣬٸԳûԺʹȥҽʿλá
ֵ²ǰϵģҲû֤ݣҲ˵뺦ֻѰһλ˵Լ˹ˡ
Խһʱ䣬ڹĵ͵
ΪһûҲû󣬾ɿҲԼĻˡ
ֻҹﾰպ;ԹŻطԽԽҲʱ࣬ԡϴ˯ˡ
̫ȣţȻȵЩ˯ţʱԼһ졣
ΰѼ侰ΪΣһȴˣ˲ѣҲԽԽࡣ
ԣˣⲻǴ˽ķ䡣
ڰֻһ±ϣװƽȳ˯ģһԵѾͷµذס
ʱϢڵͷ˲䣬ذֱӺݺݴ˹ȥ
Ȼ߬סһ̱һֻȥ
˴Ų˵ֱֻ鵲һ£ֱϻöԷƺһˣ
ţһĻӿͷΪԼСҪˡ
ϤէȻԺʶ˭ʱһʱ˷Ӧ
ֻǰһûĵģˡ
ɿ֣ѾֱۣһЦˣ˯ذף֪Ϊսأ
ʱѾعڨڨͷŻȥһֻֻ߬ذףϽӵԼ裬ϲŵɴûɿ򣬸ոˡ
ȻǴ򣬵òҽ¶ԷԾ
Ѿֽȼʱֵ̧˵۾Ӧ˺ڰڲԶֱ
ӴͿһվԶǰүû°ɣ
Ҳܹ˭ö˶˵Ĵҹ˷˭ǲĴ˰ɣ
⻰ɲ˵Сۣһǳﲻ
ô껹ͷһγôĿǾոһңֱ۱ҵһϣźˡ
ƳһվﲻҹľΪȴıЩϸոյ½󿪣ӰĲһֱ󳨿һֱ¡
ֻƳ۾ûҼ¿һʱ侹ЩȣƫͷҲ̫Ȼģʲô飿ˣȰ·á
ѸٵͷԼģҲ̫ڣϽ££ҵҩ䣬֪ҪҪ߹ȥүֱû°ɣҪ¹ٸϵҩ
ۣνˣǵ¡Ͼдȣû͹լȷǲԡ
һæûܼˣǰһۣ뿪˽ģԾ͵һˡ
룬͵⼸̫æû
Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻӦš
󣺡ҹͻȻΪԺҪ뾩һʱ䣬ԡǰ𡣡
̧ͷǡʲô𣿡
ҡͷǣǱ˵⣬ǰشҩ⣬ҪҪѰҩֻһ棬һҪ׼Ҳ͵˽Сйء
شѺһ·һαһ¼գû±ҪȻǿܿסȷҪѰһζҩңҪȥһˡ
شú;ᣬԷģСûĵĻ᲻ᵣľһˡ
ü뵽ϴμģ̾ϢһүҪ¹ٰæĵطүҲ֪¹Щ·ѰһЩҩݡ
Ļֲ٣ܶһҩݡ
û鷳ܾˣԺҪϾ㻹Ƿ
û£үҪ߼죿
󣺡֪һʱƲܲͣǼٵģ㲻ö롣ҲΪԹһˣ±˹ŵġ
˵ˣֱվȻкܶ໰Ҫ;˵˵Ļ˵ȴʣջǽߵĻ˻ȥžֻһ䣺ȱʱԼ⣬ܾǲǶ䣬١֪Լ˼
ǰҪڰʱ̲סæһ˲ЧѵĽҩһԶ󣺡үأ
ŵݵֱߵİ˾һۣû˵ģֻ뿪ǰĿھϣֻһ䣺ǰȷûˡ

ڶ쾰緢ֶʱĲɵģָһࣺҹû˯ãǲȣŪһ飬Щʱˡ
ˣʳϼƽöȺƽʱͬͷһεңܶû뵽Ҳھƾ
Ͼ絣ǵģ̽͵Ϊģûвո顣ʱתƻ⣬ɽǱô˵
Щ쾰;취뿪꾩£һʱҪѰʵְλܸպþ뾩ס
ǰݲϢλݱɽҪ뾩ȥһ֪ء
ɽǰһ棬Ҳ㱻ʱĺ幵˸Ѱź֪֪ԼҲûˡ
Ͼʱ֮ǣ£ΪɽԼʱɽֺǸ
ɽ˴Ÿ磬ǧл˵Ƿһ顣
˵ڴ뾩Ա£ְλһȷ̸Ŷ
ɽھƷĴ£֪ҲƷ
˵ǽְ˹ͷݲʹǾֱȥ
ɽΪҲǴƷĺԺ׫˵иӵķţھھɽŲһȥݣ֪ܵأ˵ֱӵ֪ݣһطҲշ
þģѾɽԼü棬ɽʱ뾩ʱϾ¡
ھ뿪ʱһóϸĺӣϵͳһҰɽΡ
ȥһݲģԽԽЩͷһιȥݲŮжࡣ
ʱһãҲµʱݾ˾˺һʹ
Ըɴŵӻһݷãֵܶ˰Щ׽⣬֪籸񣬵Ȼ̫룬ǶһҰɽΡ
򿪿Ұɽɵۣ⡢ģ
˵ܵҽʿٺ»ô㣬ô
ӣǰүģ֮ǰүˣʹ͡
ɿ뵽λ鸴ӣͻȥɣôص񣬻Ǳˣ˾Ǳһᱸõġ
ֻҪ뵽ܵ˼Լ̣뵽ĹǲҪǣĺá
նˣҲҵı꣬ҰæˣҲã˵Ұɽʹüˣͻȥ֡
һǼǰǾȥǰ룬ǾҧǽˣȰѶߣٻҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬵ʱ˷˵Ѿˡ
ֵҰɽξȥɽ
ɽ֪þ뾩ʱɵۣΪΪʲô˵ܺΣ̫ҽԺҽʿôǰ;
ȥ·;Զ˵࣬ȥ֪أʼ϶˳졣
ҧû£뾩˵ȵ˵طų취ɽ룬ѹ㻹ǵǰݺǵǸ𣿡
ɽףҲѹսȻǵã𣿡ݺǵֺͱڤӣ֪ʱˡ
оǰԴ˩ϣûˡ
ͣΪܿĺ幵Ե˵ˣԵȻĺ˽֤ݣԲŲò
ɽ˶ɵˣʲôֺ
֮ôΪϲ֪û죬ȥ̫ҽԺóȥˣ㡭ûϸ˵Ǳ飬ɽˡ
ɽˣԲ˺ܶ࣬һΪֵԹϳ˰У
ɽһ뾩Ҳðѳͳȥھ̫Σˣ
ȻɽҲʱҪκ˵˾Ҳܡ
ɽһӦ£ȥ㣬¾ĸŪһƷλãְ˶ɵۡ
λǲвźúƷľ̫ҽԺҽʿȥõһƷ֥ٵ
ɵӶ֪ĸǰ;ƫƫѡһûǰ;ġ
Ϊְһʱ׼ϾҪ飬̫ҽԺְλãɽһǴһº뾩ǰݡ
ʱ䣬ǾǴŽĸµʱֻҪСһЩӦû̫׿
㿴Ҳ˵㡣
ڷϴμѾȥ£Ҳڻˡ
ֻһ͵õ澰Ҫ뾩ȥְˡ
󣺣˰²ɣ


56 

ɫ̫ÿ, 뵽һºͼȱһ顣
Ǿһߣʱڿ϶ز, ʹܻ, Ҳڼбʷʱ侰ϲϱô죿б˳ھߣЩ첻ĵط
þ, һԼߡ
ϾԼ˵ģǷԼûл
ȴͷ޷Ƶ³ȥҪѰסԼڶҩ֮⣬׼Ϊһ͵۳£һңῪʼԼļƻ
ܿ, һʧ, ôȴʲô, 
Ҫ͵۴Ǹλ, Ҫ常ó͵Щ´, ЩǲڵߣһŲ̽䡣
Ըþð
һڲԶ, ҲûףүķԸȥֻ˽ﱣˡ
ְɾݼҵһģѹû룬ʧȻ
ү, Ҫ¡ְջȥ𣿡һҲɵ, ܲүԾ˵, ֶԴĲͬϴش·ʱֳˡ
һ˵꣬Ŀɨȥһһͷøͣʧԡ
Ȼû˵ָһûһߣ޳ָָǷȴĪ˿̱¶Ƕ־ᡣ
˱ۣˣž˼졣
һ⣬ȴס̧۵뷨һܿ콫ߵĻ˻ȥͻȻʶʲôү¾˾ķպýᣬþԶ볯ã
Ȼ꾩ԶչȥܿһЩԾ˵ȴǸý
һүˣôүһɣүӡ
ʹҲ͵ͬھ̫ӵǻƾŵǷݶ飬پܱס
һүʤˣҪôүԶ볯ãҪôǻΪ۸ĳʱ뽫ٻؾҲ׾ٵ¡
һ뵽£ȻҲ
ĵվڴǰҹδ˯ǰ뾩ǰŻͺ;Լ⣬벻ɣҪһԡ
񡭡Ũīһҹɫձ˱ۣѹ˻ȥʱˣǲ鷳ˣʤˡ
ʱ۵ܶżĹ⣬˫ԣǱǳҪҰڱصá
û˯Ǳ̫ӶǰҲ޷˯
ӽݻô죬û˯һľһ۾Ƿĺ幵Щ˵
ҹλأǸվӰȻԼ֣˵ҪΡ
̫ʱһֱڲ飬ĺ˵һ£ȷϴһ£ҲҪԼ
ǰģʱһС
ȷãҲǻʺĺӣǱʺ˵á
鵽ǰ̫ҽԺԺʹ游Ǳ͵ԩݺġ
Щꡭ
̫ЦȴЦһƺӿʼһЦ
̫һ˫۳ˮݵĽһݾȻĺá˾ˡ֮Ĺϵνֶһǳ͵۵ġ
ֲЩ̫ѹģҲСҲ̫׽
ΪֻʹȻϾʺĹϵҲһ㣬δɹҲһʼ˶ֻ֪࣬һ˱ţһСһΪ˶ֹ̫
ûʺЩҪٵǴ󱦡
ǼٵģһжǼٵġ
νϲҲǼٵģ̫Ƿݳ͵ƳϢԳЦһʼֻǵ͵ЦţЦԽԽߣҹɫһƬ
̫۵׵ĽһʧٵġǼٵģʴһʼҲûĵ
ԭģǾǲǣŬҲȻ
ĺ幵õǱߵϢʱûЦ̫ӺԼĸʶ
µѣ̫ǰ̫һһǸǻô죿
ĺŤͷһۣ̫ӾܳɹҲԪˣ͵һ˾͹һʱ༸ӿ϶ܵõ̫жģǾЩ֤¸һܡ
嶾ɺͺϻڣһѪļһ
һ̫ӲҶ֣Ͼ̫ӼʹǻˣҲԲ˳
û뵽ǣŶã̫ӾȻҪҩⲻģĺû뵽
ĺ幽꣬ѣû뵽ƻô˳˷תҪ취ȥҩֻתԶڰҹɫΪһˣŵһ顣
ĺҲɫ䣬ͨ
ĺվûԼ̫Сģڹ۾Ȼˡ
ڰӻ߳γ¶ͳƵĸҲ֮𣺡ǲ̫ãԼˣ
ĺɫҲˣһǵڣŭջǹ֣ҡôˣ
ȴǾĺ幣ֱĺɫֱ䣬ͻȻһӣʱĺ幱ʮԶ
ˤºͷ³һѪ⻹ĺ幺µģԼͻȻǱϿʳʹ಻㡢㡭
ĺ平ˣû뵽ԷȻҲ֪ҩ
Цˣ㵱ñ㣿嶾ɵĶǺϻڳģһڱĵƣ
ĺʹະС˵˵ҽҩ
ӵȲˣֻ̧ӳһĺ̽˹Ȳȥ
ϵ̼ʧĺȴһŭȴò
ӾӸ¾ôĺ幣˵ɣ˽ﱳű׶ʲô
ĺµͷͷֻ˸תջǲԼСעʵʵô֪̫ӵ̫Ӻ̫Ѿף͵ѾӷĿ
ԭΪվ󣬼ʹƲݣĺҲܸоԷ⡣
ĺ幾һЩҲСżȻ֪ģû뵽ô˳˵͵̫ô̫꣬ӵ֪Լ˫׼ӶǱʺ͵ۺľҪŪ͵۵˼ⲻոջϢСҪŪ嶾ɵӦþҪԸ͵ۡ
µüͷȴ̫Ӹ͵¶̫ӵ˽⣬̫ӶԳ͵ۺ˳Ӳ˵뾴أʹ֪ԼҲڴһ˵һˡ
ǡ̫֪ʲô
ۣĬò˵ĺ幽ϸһԼкô¡
ĺ˵һֱûĻﲻΪԷŹʱ򣬺ٴοڣ̫ӼȻҪǾ͸ֻⶾһ֡
ĺһ㶣ʲʲô
ӵѹ̥Ķ֡
ĺɵۣɡСôУ
ӣûУС
ĺ幵һʶԷҪʲô󼹱⣬һֽ赶ɱˣһ͵Ǳɣ
ĺûס̽ʵ㲻Ҳ͵гɣ
ΪԷشڶԷҪ߻غڰʱӵĲͣ΢һƫͷг𡣡ɱ֮𣬲죬ó͵ۻôãʴȡ
õְͿʼ׼ȥ̫ҽԺְλְλһʼǳ͵ġ
Ҳ׼ԼݵҲΪվһ
νݳڣʹ浽͵۶Ƴ͵Ҳ˵ʲô
οǸΪģ͵ѹע⵽ôһˡ
û´͵֪Ҳѹû⣬һ˼ϡ
ǼǰһҩѾ¯˽һ˿ʼá
ĽЩѹû²˵񶼱˲٣ó͵˷ּ
Ҫٹһʱ俴ҩ˵ķӦѾȲ
Ͼǹʦһ͵ۻεġ
͵һʼûзö٣Լ״̬ȹȥһһã͵۳׷ģõĵҩҲһձһնࡣ
͵۵ı仯ҲȻҲû˵
ʱľսԹ˲ϾõǷż㣬Ĺ˵һ
ֲһ뵽֪Щ£ڱ͸ӣȴֲҸ֪࣬»ûãʱλ¶ˡ
͵ǱûκηӦֻһҽʿĵԺʹȻϧţ־ڴˣԺʹڼպˡ
ʽ뿪̫ҽԺ뿪ӻжʮ졣
ΪûûõϢǸȥ¥ɽʱϢ˵ս˹͵ƺ鲻һЩѡ
ǰҲǳе£ԷҲû룬ֻ˵͵۶Ȼһĺá
Ҳἰνݵ£ܿ˷Ȼ̬ı䡣
ЩǱĬıģԺֻá
ͬģ͵Ҳɵ
˼ЩЩƮǴ˿ڰΪ˵˶࣬ˡ
žһģҪɽ֪ҹƣʱ򲻺ѣܵһ
ɽ˵뾩£ҲЩٸвȻһƫͷȻڷ
뵽£ɴͿһ뻹ҪʲôһðˡȥһûмزҪõĶҲ١
ҡͷ·;̫ԶˣôණˣȵҲ򡣡
ɽҲͬǵ򣬳֪ܲβδʱ˴ȥ·̻һЩ
ûܿɽ̸
һɿֻҸڣöǱ롣
ȴ־òζĶԶȫⰡǰôˣһζûֹ
Ҳǡӣֻҡͷǲĺá
û뵽Լ߸߶䣬˭֪ɢҪ뿪¥ʱմӶ¥Ľߣպò¥ˣΪ׵һ˵ע⡣
üۿʣɫ԰⣬ģǲߣƮƮ
漴˳žվøһЩľϣһüЦһºתߡ
һתȥһߵ̨ף¥ᡣ
ŤͷȥԼܣȿûκηӦɿϽ뿪
ֻ˼˵
ףôˣոŵ˭ͦġ
СϽģǰô¶档
ôͬˣǰǶǸӡԡ
ʲôǼٵģ˵þ֮ǰֵܶ˾Ͱˣû̫ϵǰԾ⣬һˣĵôúʹԲͬ
֮ǰҲֵŶշһΣ϶Ҳûϵˡ
⵹˵Ҳǣ˵ҶҪȥְˣ˵ôģ
˵ȥ˽ݣҲʵ£뿪ˡҲ֤⾰ӺûϵҪеʲôôܷߣ
˵Ҳǣ˵
ӿУɫ̫ÿҲɿЩѾԶöûϵҲãʱˣȶٻؾҲἰǶ䣬ǺҲɡ
Ȼ̲סȥ͵߻ͷ磬ôˣ
ҡͷûûʲôûʲôɣ
ʲôҸո飬û̫ע⡣Ҳû̫һþɿϽתƻ⡣
ֻǵɽֿ󣬾ۣס۵׵
ԺֹסǰСһǰһĻ棬ˣȴһҪƲϵģ
üͷǹӲƲϵƲҺܿҪ뿪ˡ
ͷǱһ֪Ӧ֪ϢҲΪ˱ͷ޷Ƶʧ䡣
ĵģӿͷþûж
ҹڴȴû˯Ҳ֪ԼʲôԤ
ֱҹᾲĵģѾˣƫͷȥ˯ǰ򿪵ĴŴٵһ㣬ͰѴͷˡ
һ̴һ£ʶʲôȴ̲ס˸
ûϢվֱãһôˣô͵ģ
ڣҲûĸ˵ǴӴġ
󣺡ղôԼ˴ˣ


57 

ɴ˸ھ
ĶԭѾתľξͽ, һʱ䣬תҲǣôҲòڡ
ȷֱתȥ, һ, ͰŴ, ˾Ͱüּ¶ڶǰ󣬾ɴŲŲ
СЦˣʲô㣿ܳ˲ɣ
ǲˣˡֹһ֪ǲǴ˿ҹҲûеþģྶͥ, һЩ, Ҳ, ƽʱģвͬ
һ, ָı䵹ּɣ˵˹ЩʱվҪ뾩ˣûðɣôǴǷˣ
, ֻ¹Ҳû취¹٣Ҫǲڴǵ̫ҽԺְλ¹һСڹһý, ˿˵Ҳ顣
ȴǣ϶бҪߣҲû𴩡
뿪Ŀǰõľ, ȷǺ¡
͵볤, Ǹ, õĵҩûû֪ʱпܱ
ʱҳһţҲӲܣʱҲ͵и˶ϣһܹ˵Ͼ
ĬƬ̣̾ϢΪպоĻűܰĲ٣Եǳˡ
Ǿ뾩ιӦþǺ;ġ
ôô£պҲʱ˼ʱȷǺûᣬοҲ¡ܾ
ָ߬ţһʶڶϣҲֻĲ
³һ򶨣үôĻ¹һ٣Ǵȥһ¹ûиزȻүᵽ¹ٻǷү£ǾȸүһϢˡүұ߷һӣ¹ү׼
뵽ԺټӹʲôʱƱҲү˼
˵´үͬбˡ
Σʱԣעûн
ûĲԣעˣͷһյרŸ׼ûסվڿ𣿡ԡ
ȲǰӲСȵλã˿̹ţʵʵģӷС
۵׵ĹںڰҲԣֹסȻѾõͬ⣬ȲӣֻӴ򿪣ͷȥ
ΪҹӣҲΪãԽĶһ
еıôűƿӵĶ
Ѿʱѱڴߵߣſһֱû󣺡үﲻ⣿
һӺϣͷԹŴ˿ˣˣ㱾岻ãҲһҩɣһۣүҪˡ
һĻֻôһҩһһļƷ˾ⷴӦ
ҪҪ²ٻΪӳʱ׼ԭǴ㽫лֻҩµġ
һƬģƺ̫顣
ҡͷҪôҪ̫ԭڴʲôû뵽ҩǾһƬ⣬úñ档
һۣڴү¹ʲô
ӣŻ͸һʲôģ˵ϲ͸Ҳа
ĲǴ͵Ķڲͬ˭һҩģ
뵽ҩ϶֮ǰһõģֺ
ȴʼˣүʱ䲻ˣǲǸˣǵðӰߣ𾪶硣
ദһжʮˣ͵͵ĻҲ࣬һһ棬ôܲһ
ɴ߹ȥְ˻ˣôϱӱˣ
죬ҡͷûСֻʶ˫ֵڶǰѱ̺˹
źڰﴹ۹ɵĲеľǧ֮ģȫͬЩ⶯
뵽ȥһҲһʧˣҲΨһĻᡣ
ЩƣȻ˱ôصҲи͸㡣
ҡͷˣ¹١
ͳȥȻûջصĵָϥĦһ£ǿѹ¾ۣ࣬Ҫһϲ
컹˵ʲôĻһҲ֪Ժܼܲһʱ򱻸ȥأⶼ˳ű
ˣջۡ
΢ܵ۽ȴ̲סΪţĪԤУȴ־òܡ
Ȼһʼû̹ףӦò˵ɡ
ģǽϣ̲ססܸоܸоĺԼϡ
üڼʱͻȻһָֻ۾ϣڵ˾ߡ
ںڰۣΪ˫۱Ƹǣȫ塣
һ̣һֻȴֱס죬ʲô裿
ھĵطһָ۾ϣһֻ졣
ȴǴսԼֱȥٶȼ죬ھûӦʱһѾɿͬʱоһʶһ£϶һ
һ㶣۾ôԼܿԷȴֿòôֻǴӣ
ȴѾ˦˦ӣˡ
˵գߵǰֱ˫һȵ뿪ǰ̲סͷž
ܻһȥݽһⳡУôԼصºˡ
촽ᶯ˶˵Щʲôջʲôû˵ţܿһΣʧںҹ
ůȵķ紵ɴ᣷ֱϣֱʱ֪ʶո󵽵ʲô̲סӿһɬȴƵĸоþ뿪ķձۣס۵һ˲ļ¡
һʱ侰󲿷ʱ䶼ڸڣȥҪߵĶ⣬ܲ;ٳûôעе顣
ϻ㾰һʱ΢ἰһЩõ£󲿷ֶǺԺ£һǹڳ͵۵ġ
Ҳ֪ǲǴܾûϡ᲻٣˵ȥԣһ˴˼ʮֻ̫ӺλӶӮ˲˵ϽҲֻϽȻʹˣ佫伫ã굫ϽμֳϣϽεͷ
û룺ӣ˷ϲ¾ˬ
üͷȴ˵һ£˵͵۵Ӧǳġ
ϾһʱҲʱû£͵ͻȻ˵ͦصġ
ֻǵʱΪƴ֤Լ̫û̫ע͵۵ʲô
ΪЧӦȶ֮ǰͬҲǲܡ
ֻϣ뿪ǰల£˳˳뿪
ֻǾ뾰뾩һܵʱ򣬳͵ΪôϲǴµʱй磬ٹٶҪΪδС


58 

֪ü, ɫ̫ã磬˶Ҫ𣿡
ӿĸˣȻ, Ϲ۵Ļ, ΪɼԻĲ̫վŵǻԡ
ֻҪһĻ, ýŻܿͬҲǾʱ䶼ûԵʡ
˭֪߾ʣ죬͵۸ôһ硣
Ҳǣ˵ǹʦҹ󣬽ǸӣðٹٵСӸ޽Ҳͬʱ˲ʢ͵һֱιʦϹʦȷҲб, ˵ΪС, ʵصӦڹ˲ʢϡרŷ, ˵ǡֻҪйλ, Ҫμӹ磬ҲС
ԴҪ뾩ûô, Ҳ֪׼Ų⵽Щǰ֪͸ɴǰˡ
ͷʣֲԤУĽϵĹд·
ŵһʱʱûʲô, ҲԼˡ
һʱʱҲûУ⡭
վǾ磬뿪ǰ鷳ֻҪСһЩ, Ӧòᱻ˷ֶӡ
֮, žһ˹
ʱѾǰµ, ѰΪ±֣ڹִһ̽
Ȼ˼·ȣ˼·濴ûôԡ
˹ſڣһǰȻһԺţȴʱ̹עԱߵľʱˤ
ԼҲһֱСģȽŲƽȵĵϣɿ
ֻһ·ϣоһ㺹Ǵˮ̳ġ
Ҫ˵Ҫӹſߵ԰μӹ硣
ȻҲʶ㣬ɫӽӲװֵܸãѹܳŵסҪǻȥɣٹô࣬ϲһע⵽㡣
뻹ҡͷ͵۵ȷһע⵽αΪã϶ᵽ
ץѱѱ첻⡣
Ҳ뵽ҧҧҪǲҡ
Ҳߣǳ뿪ٵһ£ӿ϶ǲزסġ
ֻ˳˳ȥϻȥʰó뾩
ͬŴкºЦŴžߣʱʱˣͣһ鼸þɫӲá
Ҳؿţ·Ҫ
ڣϸĻ治һܿ
ھЪһЪԼʱһ͸ֻӶӴ͸ɴᣵγ
̺죬ò¾֪˭
һ˵һ࣬̾
Ƴ̲סû˸̧ƶҲƼµĲϴĺ顣
ʱԴӾҪ뿪ûἰԷ˿ԴӾֵܰûôʽ
Ҳּ״̬Ϊ˱ԷôʱͲԷǣ
˿žģ̲סˡ
̧̧֣һͣ
ܸоһֱϣŶԷʲôʱߣоԼͷؽᣬҪЪһЪ
ƫƫԷûߣͣ
ⲻǾⲻǲ˰ɣôżֵ٩ĴȾش𣬼˵˱ֵܶӹòС㵱Ļ㲻Ը⣬ҪȥݳԿ࣬ƣӹǱûͳ˰ɣ
Σ˻һ򹷣ͬҲ˽󣬶ԷֻⷬΪƲϵ
ٰæҲֻʩ⼴뾩СǾǶйϵ
Ȼһ̣󻰷һתſģʩһλø㣬һ£뾩ӡҪȥôͻȸűгϢ
ŪĻñǿؾ˵ĳһ㶡
ˣүǹİ㲻Ҫģƫƫ㣬Լ
˵һ󣬱ž̶ܴȻܾ
ξû˵¹ٹˡ
󣺣
ˣ˱̼˰ɣ˵ĸ
㶵Ĺ򣬾ү˵ø¹һλ¹پԼѡǶԵģҲڡ
󶼵̨ףҲºиһȹ˽˵
ӶͬˣȴˣǱ᲻ڡһλã˵㻰
˵ţÿһλá
ĶүǶľ˲ȥ
͵͵Ƴ˰ǰ˲
˭֪һ̾žŰȥˡ
ˣҪģûΪһôҪġ
κ󣬵ǰǰʱһڣǿһʱо紵ɢ
ǰǹӺȥԱ߿ȥպÿţźգȻԵá
ԼԼȷֵģ
û̧ͷûľٶ
ʱѾȴ̲סȥߵˣΪǹǽжвöԣɴһ۲ᾰ
ۣ϶ȴҲûֻͣԺȴ̲סոƼģ
̲סЩʱռ˼ҹ룬ǱǰԵãİŶãȻСˣ
Ȼԣ˲٣
һ޿ȼ󾰶ݻܳ˯ӣᡭЩ귢ĳһɣ
ŵۣʹ鼸۾˿̻ÿС
϶֪ˣһ·ϿʮΣһα龪һΡ
ܾԲʲô˲õ飬϶ӷ롣
ɴֻۣ֪͵
ȿ쵽԰ʱæ˰
ҲٽǶǣһҲþȥˡ
߸һ뿪缸Сһ·ž͹ˣȵ˾ǰϸû£ɿ𣿡
ͷҲû˵̧԰ķȥ
һߣߵͬʱ浽͵
͵ѹ⣬ǰǶ䣬Ǹҵʲô
ӽѹǶ䣬þӡ
ǾҵļȻҪ뾩ˣǸСΪ塣
ЩʱãԴӷõҩԼһձһᣬŹ˶ã˵ܷϻָͯʮľ
ʱ򡭡γ⽭ɽ棿
˿鷿⴫ϣʦ
͵ۼ
ȲſڣɫĵŴƿ߽Űɫʦ۵Ŀӡ
׼һϮʢװü䣬ǴЩ͵ۿĹ֮
Ǵϲӣʦһס
͵Ҳû룬ƽʱʦҲɫװ磬ֻǽϸİףʦҲϼȣ·һȾȫһɫҲûУɥĴ
͵۵עܿ챻ʦﾫµĴƿʦ¡
ʶǺ͵ߵĴ̫¡
ŹϺһʱֻʣˡ
׼̧ǰĿǰ֮ĳ͵ۡ
ָ߬ס۵׵ĺ⡣
ϣҲƳΨһһöϻֻͯǵҩƳɣҪҩ׼˵գҩƿϡ
͵Ȳ𣬲֣޻ҩġ
Ҫ򿪣ȷֹʦûߣ̧ۣʦ£
׼ŴĿҡͷ£ֻߵǰʱ΢ƫͷ۳͵ƻҩƿģͷתȥ͵ش򿪵ţȵķ紵ܿ˳ȥ
͵֪ף侲һᡣ
֪ҪҩΪҲܾôԡ
ȥʱ䶼ҩȴһôηõҩı仯͵۶ԹʦΪΡ
͵ҧŴ˿̽һŵĵҩɫҩɢŨŶѡ
͵۳Ƭ̲סһԡ
ѵպҪҲҪñ˱һҩ
ʦһǴӦû°ɣ
͵룬һóһУż룬óһҩ裬Ƭδκ
͵۳׷ģۣŵҩ㣬ţ;ʮꡣ
ſ죬ҩȥ
ûֹϣûܶĻλֲܣ岻ԣ̫ӡҲܡ
λֻģԶֻġ
ҩûã͵۸оԼƮƮģۣپˬ
˲٣ҲͽȲ߬һԵ̨͵һ󣬾ֱӽ̨
͵ûסЦ
ʱٴδ̫ϣ̫ӹˡ
͵Цһ̫Щ顣
뵽ոշõĵҩϣôע̫ӵ̫ӡ
һƬĽТĵĶӣ͵ϲģϾһӣƫġ
ٺãҲԼȻλøá
Ϊ飬͵ѵö̫ӿݲ٣̫ӽ
͵۲ӵĵ̫ΣУο䡣
̫Ǵһźйģվį۵Ҳڣһξų͵ۣӵĲǰ
ʧȥ緢̫ӣó͵飬ƫͷ̫ôʱˣ
̫ɤƣʣĸ󡭡öĲĸְġ
͵ѹȣǻʺָʲô
ûشֳ̫ǰ·ЩԾ
͵üϸȥ̫ӣűǹŵźС
źкأ˫ţôڣ̫˫Ų˵ڲ
͵֪ʺΪõ¶̫Ӳ˽ﶯˡ
͵ӿͷͷβ֪ʺľٶ⵱ȸ
ʺ̫ãô̫ӵľͻƫҼʹպٶ̫Ҳվߵġ
½֯һó͵۸⣺ĸһƬ⣬ɡ
պԺҪȥٲҪȾƣҲС
̫Ӵǰ鸴ӣ϶óʱ߷·Ųǰ档
лʺġ
ûϢģôᱻѹһͷ
ϲˣպˣôȵ
ȥЩ͹ȥ˵ְģûϽһҪĹ
Щ˶˽ôЦ֪
ĸ档
£ʦƵĵҩΪЧϵ徭һƣƺǿŹ˶ǡ
£ٵˣϡûλ
Խ׼źãˣһжΪ·
ĺ幵ĳŪ
ǵĺҲô˳̫֮λҲסɣ
ǰĶҩ̫һȴҲֻзһ̶ȲŻ֡
һЩ̫ҽԺЩ϶ѹ鲻ҪһζҩЩŻ᳹ױ
̫ӵ룬̧ʱ۵׵ĸѾĽʣһ룬Щѹ
û˵Ϊѹ͵ȴ
ȴҲû
͵ֻ֪Űǰһ룺֪Т˳ģҷģһûӰ첻λá
̫Ǳסס
ѵܰһĲ˼졣
̫ӲôģЩʱշ£㹻ǣһԼ¶ȴĽʲô
ڴ֮ǰֻԼĺݡ
͵̫·͵ȥ̫һȥᡣ
һߵ԰ԶԶƼֵܶ׼
̫̲סǰһȴͣ²ӣֻԶԶľôž
ʲôüƫͷȶϲӺ̫ӣֻûƫͷ
üͷȴ֮ø̫ʲô飿
̫ӲΪݴ϶ְɣ
ӦòôͱƹϾ̫󲻿֪ܲ
ǾǽΪõ£ܴ̼ˣ
ʱͷǹӲŨ
Ϊ¾絣ģѹȥ
̫ûг߹Ҳܿ쿪ʼ
͵ܿ쵽ˣ
͵۱һμʱᾫ٣ͬʱ̲סƵƵȥ̫ӡ
ǳ͵̫ҲˣȴΪΡ
͵ᣬǳֻã͵ȻóȻλʱⴢ֮λǲ̫ӵĻ˵
͵۽˵۵ȴ⣬ֻеһ룬ͻȻһ󳼲֪ƻΣܵУ͵عڵϣϣϳ棬¹̫ӵ


59 

ͻأĻһ, һ˶ֵʦ輧Ҳ, Ȼ⻰ŵòᡣ
̫˭Ǵ, δĻʵ, ϳǲҪ𣿾Ȼڴϲ˵ôһ¹̫ӵ̫ʲôֵõô˵ѵҪ˵̫ӲǻϵĹⲻɣ
˭֪͵ڵϿͷһ˶УΪ̫𾪣˶˷Ӧ
󳼲Ҵᣬֱӿżɽ, ̫ӲĹѪ
󵨣үȷӦ, վ, ɫ, ԭŵݴ˿̺ڳһƬǸ, һ̾ҪʬΡ
ʱڰٹٻع񣬲ҿȴ̲סĴͬŴü۹˾⡢ô£ԺλԺۻ軨ǾԼǻ̫ˣ
Ժ⻰Ҳһ㶣Ȼһ, һʼΪԺˡ־òܣǰڹʱȻûκοԷֻ, ǣ޹֮ˡ
װʱ⿴̫Լ˵ķӦ, ü, Ȼ̫˽ԷȻΪԤڶڲˡ
£˭˭뽫һ̲ˮˣ
ҪһǣԷô֪̫ģ
͵һʼѹûӦ˵ʲôȻعŭЦң֪˵ʲô𣿡
·͵Ƥһ֮ŭǰף̲ס͵͵ȥƳԺϽǸ˻ȥϾ⻰ɲ˵
˵̫ӲǻϵĹ⣬˵ʺһȣ
ԺȻûôˣʱֱֱͦϴɵľģϣϳûлɻʺ˼̫ӡʺĹ⣬Ǳˣ˵ԵɣĻλ
⻰Խ˵Խף̲סһ̧ͷܲµʱˡ
үɫѿ֮£µȴ̲סһ£Ųܣô궼δ֪ܣôͻȻ֪
ɣҲ֤ݡ
̫Ӵͷβһֱۣ֪ʲôļͷϸܷ֮ϸ΢Ĳ
̫Ǹٵͷô챻˽¶ڿֻţﶼǿյģ޷˼
µһ죬Ȼôˣûиκλᡣ
̫͵͵۵ɫϣҪϸȥ
͵۴̫ŭȴ²˵ô˽̫ӱȻ˷顣̫ӣʵ˵ͷϵɫҲҪˣ͵ѹ̫ӲԼĹѪֻýϺͿˡ
͵һ֣ҵ˵˵к֤֤̫Ӳ޵Ĺ⣿
ԺȻбӻһţ򿪵һ⣬һŻԶ˭
ŽԺ泯˻һȦƼͷŮӵģ˶ˡ
Ժܿ콫Ůӵ˵һ飬ǽŮҲͮͶȥǰٸĹ˵һ顣
ٹٶͮİǰ̫ҽԺԺʹԼȴ֪
Ͼ⣬ʹȥô꣬Ȼǵõķɡ
⻭ϵŮײ˵ģ̫ʵס
еӵ̲סȥ̫ӵģ͵͵ų͵۵ģ̲סһǰá
ٿ̫ӣ֪ΪΣǾ̫͵ûа֮
ǲ͵͵ۣԶ̫Ͽһ̲סҲ̫ǰŵһѩɫʦ۵ĹʦһС
̫Ҳ̫͵ˣʦ͵ۡ
˲˵ݣǹʦϵĹѪ
̫ʱѾ͵ֻͷƳۣȴԭأüɫҲʼѿ
͵һ̶Լжţһ̿Ҳ̲סҡҪǻϵŮ̫̫ˡ
ǶӣƼԱ׺ŵС֣乬ó͵۵׺ڳ
͵ؿھţ˴ŵӸȥ͵۵ɫ־͸Ųĺ죬ĺ󣬶ֹܵĺ죬ϡ
Ժȴʱ͹ֽһˮϣϳʺﵮ̫ӵΪѲһιûãͶûˣҲʧȥټûֹ˵ʺﵮ̫ӵĹ澣֮Ҳһ飬ûʧٵʧ٣Ĳ
⻰˼̫ԣȴǲ֤ݣôһ񣬼̫ӵĳ࣬ƺû֤ʵѾôҪ
˽ϣҪʥ޶̫ⴢ֮λҲˡ
û֤֤̫Ӳã⻭ҲѾ޷סڿڡ
˲֪ǽĿθˣŽԺǴ򿪵ڶ⡢ż㣬˵ĻһʯǧˣϳҪ˵ĵڶ£ййػࡣ
ˣϣ˵ˣҪҲҪǵ氡ôʼǻϻ߳
ˣҪŰٹ˵Ͼ˵
˵ϻڣôˣܲܽ䶼˰ɣ
úûŰעҲ̫ˣ
ڱɫ뿪ֹ̧ͷȴֳ͵ֻŴѹûڣû˵ֹĻһ̳͵۾һǲ飿
ȷ顭û뵽ϵô֪ģһֲ
͵·ϣԷ쿪Ϻϣ壬Ҳ˼ɵʱȴȫľ˾޷˵ЩʲôȴֽŶǹǦòС
ϣδ֮ǰǰйһΣ֮뱱ڤӺıҲΪڤץס£·ɴ˶
ˣΪҲͬĻ֮¾빬֮ô˳ܽǣүڽ֮ǰڻฮ¡
빬Уûãżϣһ·˳˳Ϊ
ϳ˵ĻñĻλ˵ĺӣ⺢ӻǰ̫ͬȥ㣬ڼүҲ뾩һΡ
Щеδǰֵּһ
⼸⣬ǵΪˣϳҲѾѰպļٸĸѾڹţʱܽʥ˵һС
Žһһ䣬Ҫ˵ͷƤ飬ԺֻʣִСùȡ
˵Ҫû˰ϣ
ɫѿ֮ûסϣҪﱾȾ˭ͨҺ󹬣ﱾԼʺԼʲôĿģ֪ô࣬ʵѹǱڤϸɣǲҪ˴Ϊڤ
תÿ죬ܿץסϸڣԽѹͻȻô֤֪ô£϶ˡ
˭ȽϵΪڤǱסĿǰľơ
ֻǻ뷨Ȼȴû˸ᣬŻ໰£ں֪ʶͷβôûϾȻûڣû
ɻʱͻȻֻɤ﷢ڻ˵žĴϸ죬̲סŵ̧ͷķȥһȴĿࡣ
ֻ͵۾ԼԼĲӣͻȻſڣһѪ˳⻹㣬һѪӶһڽһڵѪ˳
һļžʱ̫ҽ촫̫ҽ
Ҳֻ²ؼţϾ͵۲Ǻˣ˵ִ󲿷ֶġ
ֻԸϣȻû뵽ȴȫͬ͵۾ȻѪˣ
һڽһڵѪ³֢״þһ㶣Ժ̲סһʱʱȻû̫עõ£Լǵá͵ͻȻزѪ
ֻǺ鶼ѹȥĲټٵģδ̫⣬񡭡͵ǲǰˣ


60 

͵ͻȻѪ˶ɵ, һʱһţǽֲˡ
漴ͻһԭأ, Χס, û, κ˲ɱۣ
仰һһĳš
žȴǷһٹǰͦη࣬Ͼǻˡ
ոս˵ЩģҪ´ε, ϲ, ־岻֮, Ҳ
ʲô˼ҪŻϱѪı𣿡
԰, ˵˵ĶģҺ󹬼̶ﵽĳЩɸ˵Ŀģ
ϱЩѪ, ƾʲôڹﲻһҪɱڣ⻹ù
Цˣˢһ½ԱһĽ˳ΪǺãϾϱ˶, ֻûҳκ˶пܣû֮ǰ˶ɣͼ빬Ǹ
⻰һ, İٹǱס˲, һʱѻȸ
ʲô˼˶˭˶ôܱ¶
໷һȦ, ȴǰ˿ȻѪͻԲѵĳ͵鴹µָ̧
̧ۿȥһֻϵĳ͵ۣݷŹĺ
촽ȴϣˣָָҲǷһֺֽɫϣɫڴĹŹֺˡ
ҲһĻ۵ףȲѣȻû뵽͵۾˶ŵµѪ
һʼΪ͵Щģ˾ɼԺŻᲡصǰ˭֪Ȼ˶
ǵһνĲأҲǶ
̫ҽԺ˺ܿ쵽Ժʹ͵ۼ飬Ϊ֪Ҳû˸Ҷ͵ֻ̧ۣĺϷš
Ժʹ͵ԽɫԽֻŲ켸ζû취˵ڡ
ɵˣһֹסĨᣬȲ͵۳£ֵĳ͵ȥ鵱£һ¶ǻˡ
ȥһԳĻ࣬ԼĻ̫ԼʺվΪ׵λӣҲɫ̫ӡ
̫ɫʹϵôˣö˶˵ôжǽϵĶ
Ժʹȴûףճһ˵һֶϻùûж
˸ɿԺʹŵϵȷ˶е˵ʱԺʹ̲סһۣС³֣תϻݡ
һԭվüͷһ壬Ż̫͵ػͷ˹۵Ҳš
ԺʹҲϳѧղҪñҽ
̫𾪹ɫѿԺʹΪ̫ҽԺԺʹҽõģô˵ηˡ
̫üͻȻѣ㲻Ӧøһ𣿡
ڳһ㶣ΪǰֻûԶ̫ʮһİٹҲһ㶣ʲô˼תϻʲô̫ΪʲôһҪͣ
ɫҲһ飬İֻûʶʲô̫ĻһֲԤС
̥˶˵Ϊ˿ֶһֶѹƴﵽһƽ⣬ôѹƵĶǡνľתϻݰɣ
һǶҩ
͵۵ͬʱ޻
ôĿǰпܵ˾̫ӣִ̫Ӻδõתϻݣĺ幸ģ
ޱ鿴Ż̫ĮҲˣȷоתϻݣ̫ѵΪֶݣⶾݿڵĶԻ֪ԼֶʲôרŸӱ˲֪ǱµĶ
Ūıû̫΢Ǳֻɵ̬ȡ
Ŀϣ̫ɱȲʺü̫ð̫ͼѪ£ŶȻн˵ǻͽ£ﺢӵֵúúòһ顣
̫֪ϱ¶Ҵҹѹ֪ǰϷ£һ㶣ʲô
ܿǰǰ˵һ飬̫ϳѿΪ̫𾪲֣ǵ˽ͮĻ̫͵ȥ̫ӡ
̫ԭۣ˿̸λ˻Σ˿ҳһţžµĿֻţı¶˿̲Ϊ壬ǰԼ͹ȥĲ˶ĺ˵ֻ΢һβᶾ
ôôɣ˲˶ĲȥʾѪˣ
̫¼ĺƭƭ˶
µĶлĿ
鳬Ԥڣ̫Ҳɵۣʱ˼ڳ͵۵¶˶ȥˡ
̫ӡࡢпܣ
˼죬ǰİٹҲվǽǱˣ˵һ
Ȼ̫ܿýͳ˽˴ȥĹأûзԸκ˶뿪ʹ
Ҳһƫ
絣壬˲עѹѯʣ𣿡
ҡͷû¡ֻˣͬʱҲ˵ӸոյĶԻɹתˡ
͵۱¶£ݺ˼Ȼܰ쵽֪͵¶ôôôϴɣ
һҹľΣ͵۵סˣֻⶾȴһʱ޷
̫̬ҲѪȳ͵ۺ˲٣ڼȻоתϻݡ
ͬҲд̥ĶֶȻþתϻѹƣôͬģѪҲʱѹסתϻݵĶԡ
Ժʹ͹ʦ֣ѪȻ˳͵۵
ֻʱסҪⶾǲס
ҵҩһүҲڶʮ궼һֱֶţҲá
̫һɫѿ̫ӾȻǻ¸ӷ¡
֪ʵ۵סˣŻʺԼ࣬룬̫ӣҹ
һȥһƫֻʣˣ̫Żʺͻࣺ˵գô£
Ǹ񣬻̫֪¡ʮ֮˾ġ
뵱̫ӵ棬ʵжԲѣ鲻Ҳסģʵиһýɽ䵽
̫֪Ҳü
ʺҲǸ֪Լ¾Ȼ¶ˣҹͿʼĻŲ
벻ǣǸ˾Ȼֳͽģ껹ֳһȣ
ûʺ̲סԹߣĸҪʻүˣϾ¿Ǵֱ뽫ϸĳջء
һϣֻ뵽ֿԣֳɱԼθڴˡ
ֻ̫ӱסԼλԼĵλֱֳԼʵۣ
̫ɫҲʺĻģ
ϳϣ̾Ϣһԩ΢ˣµȷ΢ﻻġʱΣﵮ̥Ϊ˱סҵȨԼסĻʺλãֻܡʱñĺʱϡ
˵⣬࿴̫ӣֶԷһֱʹüۣԼûκηӦʱ￩һ£̫̫𾪻ǡ֪ˣ
̫ŭΪβʰң
ʺĨ᣺Ҫô͹ĸ˵߹ĸ϶ͬ⡣
Ȼǹĸ̫ͬҲǳ͵۵ĸôƫ̻ʱӵвԼλãһȵ³ӣλøӲ
ʺôҲû뵽Լ׸һ߼Լһ˺У
̫ؿˣǰĶʲô£ҵĺӣ
ʺ˳̫Ŀ⿴ȥʶ̫һ֪࣬ʧȥһ̣಻ףĨ᣺ʱ뱾ǰʱʧȥãպѲôһӣиʱĸšȫԼиҲ˳õԸ
ʺԼժ˳ȥ˳Լһ̫ĸж裬߹ȥ̫ӵ֣ĸԲס㣬Щ㡭ĸҲĽ㵱ӿġ
̫Ӵͷβͷڻʺ󿴲ĵطǣǴνĵӣ
̧ʱ۵׵ѾѹֱˣԭҲ̫ӣĲ̫ӡ
ѹı̫ҲһѹȻǻãЩ۰ģ̾ϢһģҲ㡣ֻ㵽ײǻãλáȴ˵ȥ㻹̫ӣһýϽͶᣬԺ£ȵȻʵ˵
ʺͻȻûֻҪ̫ܸǶףֻҪȥڳ͵ǱߡϺö˶˵ôж
̫Цˣʰң˭֪̫ӵ£Щһۻ軨Լ˸ɱ˫ۡ
̫Ż࣬ĸûϵ𣿡
ԩ΢һٸҲҰ̫ӵ֮⣬Ǽٵģ˹ʼҵĹϵĿﰡôôɣָյģʱ£ôҲֲõǻʱ򡭡˭ʸɲġ
̫磬òܣֲòûĻеⶾݡ̫ˣ
ԽԽǲỳɲ𣿡
̫ıٴγɿ̫ԭĺҲ
߲֪ǱڵһҹٹҲʵƣ룬ڵϣɫԼ֪ôС
Ǳ֪
֪˶ãͷֿصǼš
һҲ̫ÿǰٹһҹδ飬͵۵ѹ仹ɣ۷׷ס
̫ʱ˹ȥ֪˹ݺ
һҹĿ궨ϣһ̫ӣԭԼڶǻ࣬Ҳֻл̶ֳȣ£ҲıԼǻɵĶ󡭡ǹʦ
벻ͨʦʲôɸ͵¶ųܵǣǾֻʣܵһ
οʦǰչغĳϵ³͵Ƶҩⵤҩأ
̫ʱ鸴ӣ֮ΪôһҲ˻ɣǰҿųġȻʵƽ̫Ҳ˼꣬ʵ۶Ҳû˼
̾Ϣһ̫󣬱ģҲͲѪȻˡѪʱˣֶΣﻹܻ
̫⻰ˣ˵ڡ
ɱʵۣȷҹֵĻ̫ˣ벻ͨ׻ʲô˾Ȼô׸ʵ¶
ȴǸ˸ѣôȻǺģ뱻Ψһˡ
οһҪ̫仳ɱúϵЩ֤ģ϶֪£̫ӶԼһ㶼ƽʱѹô빬ô׾ٸ¶̫׽ӽϵģȻʺףϾﵽǲǻĺӻ֪
̫üү˵ǡ
ЦЦû˵
̫Ҳ⻰Լ˵Լţü
ʱֿڣȻ˵Ǹոյ֪һ£ϣ̫ҵ¶֮а
̫עʲô£
󣺡ʱڷáϵҩ
ʲô̫͵վΪ̫ɫ˼䣬԰һƬ̲סϻʵǰģ·ĿǰϣţܵģʶôͿ
̾Ϣһȥ飬ҲǸ֪˼١м£Ҫ̫󾡿
̫˿Ȼʲʲô
һۣٹһҹδ飬񷻼۷׷ףٹٲǡϱ¶ΣѹסʱԼڹõϢɾͲֻǳڲ£ҪԵĽ
̫ɫױˣ⡭
󻺻³յĿģٹûӸҸһ֮¶Ҳûлᡣõİ취Ⱦٹһ˵ٷǳֻҹϲһٹƼȣڹЪϢһҹ˿̲ųһգ˶סڿڡ
̫˿飬һ߾Ӧ÷ųȥһ־òס
˳룺˰ٹ٣Щ̫ӡԼλӵȿ֮ԸڹУһղѣһղ
̫̹̹Ŀ⣬ջҧǾҲЩҪˣһ˵ĲϱԲѵ¾ʱй
һߣȳӺܿӭŴ󿪣йڵ䲼ּ̫ܲڲöҹ⴫ּ󣬲ֱӷУ˳
վ£̲סһȥʱаּС̫ͻȻѹˣү취ҹ뾩
ȥȴѾûӰ·ոһֻԼĴ


61 

֪߳ʹҲЩ̤ʵ, ǰͷۣΡĹûʣȴҲ·һ, , 
һǲͬ, ͵۲ҲǺŷ£ͷĲȴ
һʧ˵ģ̫ӿͷҲҲ֪淢¡
λ˶Լҵķߣɿ, ҲҶ, һֱص, ֻʣֵ, ҧھʰ, 취뾩
͵۱¶أһ͵ۼݱ̫ɣʱϾҡ
Ŷ־, һһһµ۸ⲻó뾩ʱȴĽʲô롣
鸴, Ҳûž磺빬ǰ, ˸֪, ˵ǡ׼һϻ뾩
û뵽Ҳ׼뵽ǰЩɣҲôģ
һΪ֪Ը뾩ˡ
ۣס۵еߡ
ɿͬʱҲ̾ϢһȻصڳ̫Σ̫⣬ӡĻӱӦǺʺѡһǻΪۣƫƫ¡
ٲȻӣƫƫ̫ƽӹĶӣ˾Ļʼˡ
ҪûûλƱءһ
˿ִôһΣȻʱ佥ƽϢѱǶ¡
ԣճܿܣܲǣȥ
γ˼ҲԼھвǺ£˲֪ԼҲ֪ǡһߡ
պ᲻Ƿ˼ĿǰһԼܣֻˡ
ҧ뵽һʱȻˣʱ̫ķᣬ̫ӸܵУ˭Ӯ˭仹һ
ȻﲻæǾ鷳
ǰ뾩ȻʣҲû֪ɽ⽫ԷҲǣڡ
һ󣬺ܿװеȴӡ
ߣǧֻһܣΣҪʹĵ򲻵ѱ֣ôԸܱɹҲԸܶ
ֻҪţһжϣ
ǰס磬ᶨ棺磬һ
һʱӾʱͿһĻûԣֵ꣬һγڷڣӣߡ
һɿǱˣҪһǲˡ
һͬΪ֮ˡ
һԼģһ֣˵һ顣
͵۳ºϽԼѾϷţʱҪǣ϶õ̲飬ҪӲ
򲻵ѣ²ߡ
һ͵ʱֻίӣݸ֣ʱὫݳŮӣǸ渻̷ǰ꾩̽ףгزҪϻȥ˳뾩ͷӶ˲ܲ͡
ʱܶһһգס˵Ѿ뾩ǻͶǰݣֻү£ǲټǻᰴһְ취Ӹա
þδԣԼȫ׼
˵һʼ֪Լܻ£
Ҳһӣ˵֣ҲΪôȫøá
糯һ־һ¹лү
һæÿӿֻǰշԸ¡ûǾǰ湫ݣ
Ҳ£ǲΪֻ֮ǵĸ·ϾĶӡҲϰߣ·ǿɣۣݺֻѰ۵ģʮĸˡ
׼׵һһ˲δ뿪ǵ̡
ڳŵʱȻϸ񣬵󲿷ֲĶӣݳѰ˵ľۣ˳˾δɡ
һھҲ׼Ѱһ뾰װڷÿɾʳԼҩȥʱ䡣
Ⱦ˳˳˾ڹҲһʱõϢС̫󣬴ò̲סЦСûĵģ֪仰
ֻллҲУһ𡭡ҲҲˡ
͵۵ֹۣŲأ̫ɫѿŹЩˣĸǶԻλͼı֮ˡ
̫Ż࣬ϾҲǻˣͬʺ̫£ŭ֪
͵һԣȵǿѹ
֮ۿ޵˹ȥ⵼¹Ź֡
̫ڲĻʵ۾Ȼ͵͵˳ϵһΣǺöʱˡ
̫󽫹ʦüƽֻŵСʦ֪һΪ£
׼ȻһɫĹʦۣվòá
üۼĴݵףӼԷһʱøС
˿̶Էڣ֪Ӧйصҩ֮¡
̫͵һӣʦ֪ǶǺˣΪָʵ۷ã
׼ȴǴӻóƿƿӲűǩ̫ǳӵһεһηϵĵҩÿһζҩҲרѹϣûϵҩ˳ûŷáֻǡϵȲˡΪԷһÿҩһţǲų˼ⵤҩٲţԾҩ￴
̫Ȼǲ鵽ҩЩҩ˲κǼʦǽ˿¡
̫ɫǲÿϵⶫȵۣ֪
׼۹֪ط崫ģ֮ЧôЩٵķӲһοΥ
̫󼸸һֺγ֪
ǻʵ˼ʦȰ
̫ôҲû뵽ʵ۾Ȼʵ·ⶫ˭ܱ֤һܳɣ
ο񻹳ģʵеǾתϻݵĶⵤҩѹϸϵ
̫ȻȻлɣϹʦѡĵӣ׼øеüۣհڰ֣ˣȥɣ¡ȵȻʵ˵
ʵѲʹʦ޹أôʦҲˡ
һλʵһΡ
׼Ųδԣʹ̫вҲֻ֪ת˳ȥ
ĸִӺ˳ƣ̬̫󣬰οⲻĴ
̫Ӳ˲۽ǣ̧ȻǸӺݻĺֻ֮ѹ⺢ӡҵһۼͻϲһϹʦʱʮ꣬һŵվҵһ۾ע⵽
ģ񻹼ǵãٻѾܶһˡ
һֱ⺢Եֻϧвʵֻһϣնδ֪Ļ
׼Ŵӻ̫뿪󾲾ǰȥȥĲǳ͵۵޵ǹʦ
ֻǸյſڣеӭǰ񣬽ֻʣʱѹڣˡ
׼Ÿƹȣȵķ½·͸Խһ٣µ۵׶Ǹ⡣
Ҳֻ˲ı䣬һתѾԼƽʱĽء
ӵ˵ǰͣ£ȵźϵͬʱκ̤һ
׼Źϵźδתָɫĵϣò̧ǰȥ
ƹ磬ͣǰ£̧ۿھͷϹʦŮӡ
߸ĳ˿󱳣ֱͦɫŽɫ·ķ̲һȹϡ
ŲͷŮھľɫһγĶԱȣǿҵķˡ
Ůüȴ䣬۽ϸ֮޷Ĩȥĺۼָ߸ϣݣϣһӳ
׼Ѿܾûˣһĸס


62 

Ůӳ, ڼվûһ䣬վȺ, ͻȻһ, ʱһֱػ׼ؿ, Ӳһ£ۣº
ŮĮü۲κθ飺ʧˡ
׼ųһԭǰռƻںϿס֪ΪΡƶδ
Ůüԭ򡣡
׼彩Ӳһ£ҡͷ鲻
ŮɫĮǲ鲻㶯˱˼˵Ǹ¹ƵºδɱģˣֻҪץöҩ, ҳʧԭ򡣡
׼ҡͷİ֮, һ, ˳Ų鵽ͷ, ôɱ͵۵ļƻҲʧܡ
ŮɫЩӦǶԳ͵۵ĺɭ˵þתϻѾɹó͵Ŀ̫ӵó͵Ѫһ㵹Ĳ
ŮӴ뵽͵۵ʱĲ״, ѵǴЩЦ⣬׼ЩӦ
׼ɿǺӦġֻǡĸôˣ
ǧѵֻ
Ů۵״˺⣺Ҫˣôܲһƣ
׼̾Ϣһ, ͲĸףǴʹݲܱ¶˿, ǲסο, ͵۵޵ͭǽһ, ǡȥ
Ҳû½͵۸͵öԷ
ŮЦһҪǸҪۿ㡭ɱ
˵󼸸֣Ůӵһ˲ΪŤָֻܿׯľɫ·ոһĻֻǴ
׼һ㶣ɱ˳͵ۣ
Ůӣô㲻㸸ʱ𣿡׼üֻۣһ˲תߣ·ٿһ۾ѣȥŹƻֲ̣ô㸸ʣô߻λһû㸸ʻţһھžۡ
㽫̫ӣűԶܾǰ㲻ɱ𣿡
׼ǻҲӿϺ⣬ôޣΪ⣬ôֽ
׼űۣսߵǾ䡸ɱ˳͵Ļ˻ȥ֪ˡ
һУƺӦиϡ
Ůת׼ŵͻȻЦһ£ģô£׼׵͵۾ˣҲ¡ڣ͵ڵĶᱻס´Ǿ֡
׼һֱۣףǣĸס
߸һһҹֱͣȫˣһŽٶ
ÿĻȴһֱϢľ˲û˯ţˣҪͣЪϢһ
̧ۿӦ
ֻǵͣ£һҪ׼ʳʱͻȻڵǻȥɡ
һһ㶣ˣ
ȴǾö˸ģ
һû뵽һ·ֻԼһ˸·ȻǱˣ֨һӦˣжˣֻһ˻;뾩
ǰֵڳѾ뿪һһҹֻǶһ
ȴǲţʹǴ˿̻ȥϵüѾΣգҲǵʱ뵽ϴôΣյʱҲһ˸ξѹš
һߣү˵ˣ˻͵ط뿪
һۣӦҵȻа취Ƿ뿪Ҳͬġ˵үʲôҸѾ꾩ôԶľ룬˸ң˶ȥҪǡ
һγ֪ɡ
̾Ϣһүİˣǻؾܻһ
뾩ʱͿǹһȻܱ֤ͬ⡣
οһʱδһˣΪһھСⱲӶ޷İ
һҧˣүǡ
ֱӵǼ뾩һһҹҾڻȥүˡ
ˣ򲻿ɰòװߣʱȥ仢ڣ
ԼѡҪô˻ȥҪôҴһȥҲ𣿡
һϾȻģһλĸɵó£ˡ
ȥɣҪǣ˳Ҵ仰
һ㶵ģʲʲô
Īһ죬ȴ˪˵ܻţҾͿǿ
һôû
ҲʱǨŭһҲи룬иҲ͸ˣ㲻ù˼Ͷˡ
˵ǿǿǣʱҲʱˣһϷ
һϣһǾȥһ֣Ȼʮˢˢ֣þɿǶĶˡ
ˡǡ
Щᣬǿסˣһ񣺡һ·лλͣλس̾үȥһ𣬻ء
һҲ̲סЩݣžȻȥΣҧǡȥһһ˳е
˵ϥأ
ֹһգܿ쵽˵ڶΪѪ͵ϵĶʱѹ
Ȼû취ⶾĿǰᶾĸ죬סˣֻѰֻƳҩ
תϻǾ綾ҪҩҪһʱ䡣
̫ҩɿʱʦǰ棬˵ǹʦѰżҵһطʱס͵۵Ѩö˶Ҳк֢
̫һϲȴǣһ
̫У˵ʦẦʵۣҪֺαصȵڣοҪĸңҲ뿪ʹ
̫󲻽ó͵ۻҲó͵۽
ھˣˣѡŹʦ
Ͼʦô൤ҩ뺦ʵۣҲȵʱˡ
ܿ׼ŴˣһɷȻü˵ʲôջûڣ͵ĳ£˾ǡ
׼ʱڣʩչطʱֻһ֪ԡͷλ˵⡣
ɫ̫ÿ˵ʲôͻȻĸ͵͵һֽš
üͷ򿪣ɵȿϤּһ㶣ﻹ˵ʲôʦһ֮ǰķӦҴҵȻʦô˵Ǿ˵ɡ
̫ҲòףԼոնô˵ˣ룬Ǿڵ⣬ӦҲʲô⡣
ͷβû˵ֻüһĻ׼ϣɫӿһʦȷе⡣
ҲͲó͵۳£ԡɫҲ˵⡣
һ˵󣬻Ѱ͵͵뿪˴Ӽ쳯һȥ
һߣ׼Ŵӵڵָָ߲˽Ǵһ˵˳͵۵Ĳǰ
͵ûѾհȥʮ겻ֹ㲲ѡ
ȵ˽ǰ׼ŻԲѵĳ͵ۿһԵġӡ
Է̧۳׼ŵͷ
׼ÿ͵۵½ó׼õ룬ָܿ콫̵Ѩλûã͵Ƥգգѵļ
͵ƿƤǾ٣Ÿǻعⷵա
͵ʶѣȿǰվŵ׼źһʦĵ£ǰһĻɫǺ죬Ҫ˵ҪȴԼ޷˵޷
׼һĻɫûκζݣǿһԵˡ
ԭһװ̧ժϵƤߣ¶һžɫݡ
͵ۿޣɵȻع۾ֲѣʲôˣʦʦΪʲô˹
Ůų͵۵ģЦ۵׵ĺȴͬʵ͵۵У˵ӦûңӦúһɩ
͵סһʶʲôǱþ֣ҡͷȴ޷һʱŤ
Ůû̸㿪ڣ˵㣬ļȻôԼİֶɱɱ֮ǰôúòһأһĻûѾȢޣûиĻֵһӣֻϧô©ôһΣأƣڲͬϵ㣿׸
͵ɫΪ仯Ѫȴû취
ŮӣǲɻΪʲôܲٿعʦ㶼֪ҵݣ֪ҾǵѳǰʥŮⲻ⣿ϲ
͵³ѪӶˣɸ̸˺µǽֻŮ˴ӻһذףǶŵıʯ쵽ó͵۸ɫ䡣
Ůӽذ׵ݹȥ׼ŵĿɣԣĳֹܵ˷ܷ񣺡ɱҪۿ㡭ɱ
׼£Ϊ׼ŵݵǰذףֽ˹
ô򵥴ֱĶֻǵһΣͷദյĻʵۡ
ֻҪ뵽ôһ˺ĸײòԶһ·Թٿܹֻ
׼źɰγذףĵһΣ͵ڱɫſʹ飬ǱģŮӵ͵Ц
Ŵߴ٣Ź죺찡ɱҵһ˺öˡ
׼ų͵Ŀ⣬ֱ̧ۣݺݴȥ
ûһ̣Ѫ˲ӿ׼˵Լʲôо
ֻƣΪͷϵļ˲˺ܶࡣ
ȻٶõŮӵͣŶ˵ı飬һĻ˳Цֿ޵ģƺĹ
׼һʹ˵ʲôȴŮĨĨ۾ͻȻ׼ŵúӣȥסЩˣм仰Ҫ⹷˵
׼ٿ۳͵ٵģ˳͵һۣתŶ˳ȥ
Ůų͵ӵĿ⣬ͻȻѹ̾Ϣһȴķ񲣺ͣɱҷʱǲҲ⣿
ҵһ˶ʮ֪꣬ҺòѰ꾩֪ϢʱǶôֻϧ㲻֪㻹취ԼĶСأѲһʬұڵ£֪ζ㲻֪ҪܿҲҪ֪ˡ
Ͱͣ˶ʮӵĸоô̫ӲĹǲǺ
ܽ໹һȣ֪ΪʲôΪҰǶӡĻӻ治ġ
ˡ㱻׼ɱˣɱˣ֪ΪʲôǧҪһۿɱ𣿡
͵Ѿһ룬ЩԴԴӿĶУЩסѨͶ
ֱӶٲ֪Щ̵࣬Ŀ
Ůȴڵ͵͵ЦţΪҵһ˶ʮ꣬ӶʮǰӹǸ̥ҲϧȻߡʮ꣬ȴֵĺӡ
ͰͣԼô꣬Լĺɱĸоô
㺦Ҽ񡭡ⶼǷǵġ㼴ʹˣҲҪ̫ӳΪеĵϻ壬ЩáһҶŹΪҵķᣡ
ŮӾô͵ЦţģԼһó͵۵۾ɵԽԽ󼸺ҪѣѪȴաĿ
Ů˵һһĻžõôĳɹ˻رѾ˵ĳˣȴ̲סᡣ
Ϊ̫Ůû֣Զĵطվű뿪ˣվ֪վ˶á


63 

׼Żվ, ˷Ӧ
ԼǷˣ߳˻þ, Ϊĸ״ñǣҺ벻Զһ, û뵽ô̵ࡣ
ǳ͵ʺĺӣһ̥, ʺ󵱳Ͳڵˣ
̵ǣĸô˾ȴҲƭ
СЩ޴˿̷·һĻĻӿֳ˺ȫѪԼǡ
Щ̵Ļͣžɽһ̡ʱһ˲ֹͷܸоԼԾĲͬ
ԷȻĺøΣ֪Էڼƻ֮ڲܹӴÿμԷʱγγĿ, һδ̲סС
ΪЩ, Լǧ֮, Сûκ, Ϊû˸׽ֻѡʱŻԱ˱αװ
һμʱҲǴ, ἰϣþ֪
ɶԷƺûлɹԼ
ȴָıԷˣֽΨһĶԨ
׼죬޷, ڣŶŮӵĻԷҲҲҲЩ֮, , ǲǶԷǶԼ, Щƭ͵ۣ
Ůֱһ½󣬽Ĺʦ۽⿪¶һϮỤ̊ñ¶õķ١
Ůӽ߽£һ󣬴󲽳ȥ
׼ľһ̣Ůӷǰһ漴ϢϷϡ
ôţŮӶڴͻȻ̫ϸһˣ̼ݱˣ
ϸһʱңͬʱűƿ̫󼸺Ǳ˽
Ȼ̫˾ǰ澵ŮϢվһȥ̧ۼһд۵ĳ
׼Žıȫ۵ףһ£ûȫˡ
Ϊʦ͵ʵ۾ͼݱˣ˭롣
׼ŵɫһı䣬ӿһ˲䣬Ҳų뻯ṦβŮӳ˴
ֻ׼Ŷ˸̤ھʹϽŭ𣺡ʹùʦ׼ţ
һӿֻǸպһѾǱ˳ȥ
׼ŸŮӳһ˴ɱ͵۵ףʦ̾ͻᱻ⡣
ʦͨܵѾ޷ãŮӼȻôк֪һ·
ȻŮӽŹг͵ۼݱңȥķ乬
һߣŻ̫Ͻ˽޵һ̤ȥŵŨѪ
Ȼ˽ǰľǳ͵ĿģԼ͵ؿڵǰذףɵȿذϻϡеıʯ¡
סϽҲסذס
̫ע⵽һѪĳ͵ۣ˻һ˹ȥʱ޵ҳһš
͵ۼݱ³Ԥϣʦ׼ɱ˳͵ȴǰ϶ʦ̱סڵ˶ͽΡ
ѱʹûѰʦ׼ŵ䡣
̫ʹֻǵϽɫӽذ׵ݵ̫ǰʱ̫㶿ž˿⡢ǡ
Ͻ鸴ӣţǳȵ۵
ȵִذ׵ɳȵڵĺǵٹʹȥġ
ȵЯҲûֱȵ۲سȵۻؾذҲûֹ
ֹ̫סܵģôܡ
Ͻ̾ϢһϳʦĻָ룬ʦݡȷм񣬻˵ȵ񡣡
͵ȵֵܣģЩơ
ʦǳȵ۵Ź£Ϊ˸ȵ۱ɱ˳͵ۣҲ˵ͨΪιʦͻȻɱ͵ۡ
һʦʲôɲϧʦҲҪɱ˳͵ۣ
̫ɫɷףָ˵ԺӿֵĶϴǰ˵ʲôĻ棬ȴʲôû˵ֻʣ֣ԼĿ˫ۡ
̫ûסʦѵǡ
ϽҲȷ˵һֱڳȵߵĸɲܽڳȵ۵ǻ뾩֪ȥҲȵ뾩ǶʱȢҲ˵
˻ɵذףϾذǳȵ۴δģȵôʦٿ϶ȵйء
̫ۣΪ̫ϸ롣
ϽҪôҪʦɱϵ˵ȥ
һ˵ȥôͬϼݱҲסʱʦԼʦ嶼ҪΪ֮
ƫƫڵǣģֻǵǹʦһΪ
ϽƫںߣߣʦǳȵΨһŹ£ҲҪסġ
̫֣뵽͵۵£ͻȻֵ̧סʹޡ
Դӵ귢Ǽ£իô꣬˭֪Ȼ겻Щծ
Ͻ̣
̫ܿ侲ʵۼݱʦǰѵĹѪⶼǻʵǷǵģⶼ˽ϵѰҸĳ˽׷ȲҪǣ͹ʦУû
϶һ˸㲻ο͵ۼݱµ˭λ
ǱֵΣ᲻û
̫ӣǴʵۼݱ϶ҪλģƫƫѾЩ£̫ѹôǻΪµۡ
Ż̫ҳһʱΪʦɱ˳͵һ£ϴɡ
ųͬʱָھѰҹʦ䲢׽ûع
ûлظ߲õϢҴҹү
ҡҡͷȵ鷿ֻʣˣأ͵۱ʦɱˡ
߲£ʲôô᣿ʦһôܱϣ
Ϊ͵۵ѹʱ˲֪
߲ҲǵһἰɵۣʦһϻжĿõ£ôˣôͻȻͳ£
ȻҲó͵ȴڹۣһǰбڤӵй˳һıôֻ׸
߲Ҳûκγ͵ۼݱϲɫֻʣüͷ塣
ЩأҲŲ⣬ڣԵʱ֪ʦɱ͵۵ذףǸʵǰʱȵ۴µĺذס
߲͵̧ͷ⡢ⲻܡǶѾųʥŮᣬôܡ
׶ܽ˵ѾѲĳʥŮǼΪôܻ֣
Ѿѹ֮ڵµĶôܻ֣ǡ֪ʥŮĵط˳Ųɽʱ˲ζ⣬⡭
Ҳ벻ͨô£ذ׵ȷǸ֮뿴˼١
ǡ
˼䣬һ£߲ɻǵáǸ𣿡
߲һ㶣˵֮ǲǼٵ𣿡ϾϹʦҲδܿƣ˵ʥŮ壬Ϲʦ޷쵽£
ذ֣Ҫô֪ʥŮĵطذ˳ҪôʥŮ겢δѲ֮ض֮


64 

ͷһ, ߲һǺߣֻ⡣
, ʱ, һ
ʮǰȵͻȻ, ûþͲʣͬʱʱҲĳ͵ȴ˽ｫϢϢѹ£ضú̫ҽԺˮ˵̫ҽԺЩҽ
߲뵱ʱЩ, Ϧı˶˵ˡ
ʱҲ̫, Ѿһʱû, ܹһ١
ʱֲֻ², ȴֲ룬Ͼ˿ֵ, ųȵۼݱϢѸµ죬ưô꣬һѪĲɲܽһϢ΢ճûʱ޴
ʱֻ֪, Ҳһ֪ĺˣΪǸλԼİֶҺ
ȵ۵ǻǰѾɻ飬ķһѳǰʥŮ
ֻû뵽ȵۻὫλ
ѵ۵ǻ˲ɲܽǰȥӳʥŮ, ֻǲܽ·Ϯ, ûаյȵʥŮԼʱ塣
ʱʥŮڳȵߺ֪, Ϊ±¶ֻѳװʱƭǰ꾩
ܽΪʥŮֻܻؾ
ȵ۵õʥŮϢѪһ˭֪ȴҲΪⳡᣬ޷ĳȵ۸ıˡ
ܽײȵ֮࣬ҲǽʣΨһ֪ȵһ޵ˣǱܳʱصȵܵľɾӣǰࡣ
˭֪ھɾӼպøϵ꾩ȴǡųȵۼݱĳ
ﵱʱѾ֮ǿ֮ĩֻüۺӾ
ܽʹǿһݲݽʥŮŵȵ󣬲֪ܽɣȵŹǰ
ʱܽȥ˵й¾Ͷûü˵ʥŮںδܽķ޵Ҳûü˵ڣЩһֱ˴ֻ̽һֱûܵõϢ
͵ۺǰڽе֪ү⼸үҲӹһУΪ·⣬ҲѰܽס
ڲܽΪ˻סȵΨһѪֻװ֪͵һУȺʵĻᴫԼһη绨ѩ£ɹСӸ
û뵽͵ĶʹСŴ̥ŵĶ͵ۻǲ˶
һֻΪгһܽҴ͵۵ĿֻûȵۿţҲ˳͵۵Ķ֡
ǰĿǡʥŮҲûǳʥŮ֣ôЩʥŮȥ˺δ
߲룬ܽĽʥŮˣӵȴԼûˣճĺҲûˡ
߲˸ͬ뵽Щ󣺡үҪô죿
ƫƫ͵˶֣ǲȷʥŮǲǻš
ʹ֪Ҳڹ۱¶࣬᳹ٲ֮ء
ⲻү뿴ľ棬͵һ֮ҪǧΪ֮ᣬүĳԣҲү뿴Ļ档

һ뿪ؾ̴Ҳûе飬ݵķϡ
һ·С·ͬʱҲ취ڸ¥̽꾩Ϣֻǲ֪ǲԽԽԶϢ̽Ҳѡ
ȸ˰µ·̣Ķӿʼһһ仯Ĺ
̴ѹûǸ룬ûֶߣϾһ·϶ı䣬·һ㣬ΪǾαװ
ֻоٵȥҪסˡ
̴ˣһ֪ôǱ߿϶Ҳ֪ʱҪôһУ
뵽ʱ󽫻ù˼ãѰһᣬ̴Ҳ뿪
һ뿪ֻʣΨ̴ӣ²ˡ
·Ҫϣô˼գݻʣʮյ·ʱ̴װ̼סһջǽź¥ȥŵͬʱϢ
ɵȸûȾ˴̽һϢѾǵ
˵꾩ǱߴϢ˵ǻϡݱˡֶԷ·˼ɻ䣬ûҴ
ΪԷھԱǱ˽ȥ
һ̴ӶһۣӶԷ۵׿⡣
Ͼ뾩һ£͵ֱӼݱˣ
ϢҪһʱ䣬ǳ͵뿪ûþͼݱˣ
󼹱ʱ뿪ʱĵ黹Ƿˣȵһ˺ܶࡣ
̴ɫҲ΢䣬ʱΪҪžȥһ˴뿪һֱûϢ
ûϢõϢҲͰһ·ͣ˭֪Ȼǰ֪ô飿
һһֱûϢΪʱѹ˲˰ɣ
ʲôļٵģôܣ˵λֵ׳ôҲô͡
ҲһǴС֪ģǰʱȥ꾩Ǳ߲򣬵õϢӱҹ˻ûҽ˵ʲôˣݱϢʱ˵Ѿһʱˡ
̫Ҫǻˣ
Ʋˡ
Ϊʲô
Ҳ˵ģʮ֮˾ˣСӻ˴Ǯ򵽵ĹڲϢ˵״̫ӲǻѪǻʺ̥ù澵ĺðġ
찡ôܣʺôңϲǱϢݱİɣ
˭֪ԶϢһʱСҹܻ֮ǰ˵̫˹ס̫ҪƿأϽסˣ¾Ͳ֪ˡ
ĶԻǸֲ²ԼԹϣɫѿǶԷ˵Ҳ£Ҵ˵Ż
Ȼ¼Ȼܴߣ꾩ʹˡ
͵ۼݱϢѹ£ԭ⣬Ϣѹ£̫ӵ¿϶Ҳܶ˵ӵȻô̫ӵǻЩϢвǴȥģ̫Ӳǻõµʱٹٶڳ
볹ѹҲܣϾôˣܶסڿڡ
˺ܿʳ˷䣬̴ɫҲ̫ãˣҪϵү𣿡
͵ۼݱÿ϶б䶯һһο꾩̫ˣֻΪʱʱסһλϢڤ˳ǡ
ҡͷĿǰѾԶ볯ãʱǰȫġүھбǸѣǲҪүˡ
̴磺ɡ
֪ǵʲô͵ۼݱ»ȷ٣ݡȥá
̫ݴɿ϶λǲܣ̫ܸģĺԼϻ嶾ɣʹҪ緭Ҳǲܡ
ϾֻǴҲû֤ʵֻҪģһ뱱ڤıʱ֪
оҲ΢ѱӲɵ̫Ҳһš
ΣȥݣʱǱ׽
οҲʺȥһңҶԼʱʱ᲻պײϴ̡
ȥĸطŻǰȫܱܿƽӣ


65 

ʱ̴Ҳ, ȻһҲұ֤ܻסˡ
ο, ˵Ĳ, ǲȥ, һΪλ֮ݺүүӾ˵ĳ̶ȣѱȥץвү
񾰴ֻʣˣǾƴҲҪסˡ
Ŀ̴ϣ̾Ϣһи뷨֪λԸԸ
̴æ˵
Լ뷨˵һ飺Ȼݲȥ꾩Ҳܻȥ, һҲɲ˴, ǶҲһܻסҡķ, ܻиطձױ, ͷλһ͵취ؾ֪үҵ, ȴֶ˺취һȥΣ
̴һ㶣һҲܵǻдŸ֪ү
;Ϣ˽ס, ֪ҵڣҲףο꾩ľǲ, Ҳűˡ
̴ӷ, ò˵, 뾩ôãһһֱûϢүǱߵֹۣ澰ѰʵĲ֮ȷҲǸ취
̴ջǾӾ˵˼
Ȼ˾ֻ̣ܿȴǰһɽƫƧľ;лţ·˺ü졣
ȵ˵طò˵ȻɽˮǸܻҵĺõطϢҲ
֮ǰװ磬ǾģҲһ£һƺֻͨһѰ˵ģԴ˵˵岻ùסʱ䣬ƣɽ紾ӣܿ˾ˡ
̴ӼȻҪԻȥţǰ澰׼׵˽еĳʳһ׵׼̻ؾǴȥһһܾˣ˵һȥиӦһһҲܶᡣ
̴Ҳеɽ￴죬ȷܰȫҧҧڼ뿪ɽϡ
һֱȶ뿪죬ŴµЩָɽ˺һŸ峤̴ٻ󽻸һɽ˸¿ɽȵһյأ˳öԷϳ¿ȥˡ
һİվһֱ¿ԶˣŻһȦͻȻһڵ¸ʮ죬ʱ˰ɣ
仰˵꣬ȻһƬš
ѡλúƫƧһӣǰСʱӣͨɽϴΨһ·ȷԷʲôݣԷ̴ӵǰǸջ꾩ϢͿʼš
һʼΪԷˣԷһֱ˵̴Ҳûκ
ʱµҲһˣǵзѡ
֪Ϊεʱ뵽һˣ;н°ӶߵǸӣԷĺһġ
ʷޱ䣬̫ӵǰ¶ԷǲٴвԼв
뵽ֿԣ޹
ϾҲȷʹ˼Ҫ߷Χڡ
֪ԼĲͬҲñ˰ɹպ϶Ҫȥ꾩Ͼֳ游һҡ
ȻҪӻȥǾҪһʵҲĿ⡣
Ծɴ˳Լ뷨ѰôһԼѾٺõĻԻؾš
ͬʱ˷ţʾԼԼ뿪ģҪȥѰһݣȾԼ꾩
ȰһУһ̣Է벻ǣҪȷٽԼһļƻ
˵仰ܾܶûκζվû
ڣһ΢ͷϷ̧ȥȻǰһӶվһˡ
Էû㣬żҶϣû̫Ķֻǻ¹źۣȻſκٵߡ
Էܿ̽ȴԷҲΪĺ۳ſ
ӵͳĸ𣺡ôֵģ
Ŀʱûκβµһ£Ҳûô־֡
ץؾвΪֻǸô첻¶治˵Ҳûκζ
ǡ֮ǰĲ²ֻһģԷĿģΪ˶Ը
ĪɿֻҪвȥ黹ûô⣬޷Լȥ߸µĶӼģ
ԷȻô첻֣ٶԷûɱĴ㡣
ʣ²˵˵ΪʲôҪңΪϻڵһƬңǺû᣿
ԷǺãǧܵﲻ˵ôãɽ
ƣԷһֱôȥ
ҪǼʶԷ¹ʱĺϣΪԷѷǵС
ӵ͵Цԭѵģĺ幵Ҳ֪ˣ
ûֱ˵֪Σ֪Σ
ӾãͻȻһ䣺𣿡
һʼûʶָʲôѵ϶ŭ߬Űָ˽
ʵһֱڻر£ԷҩغΣɽ£ԷӦҲ֪ġ
һеѹ˻ȥҵǲ֪úһԸ˵İ취ҩ
ƺǿƺǣҴˡ
ૺᣬˣϡͬʱüµҪʲôѵ˲ԣΪϣȥԸ
ȴͻȻѾˡ
ʲôһ㶡
ӵұϻڷˣĺӦѾȡҵλˡ
һ⻰Լ𣿡λã϶ϵǳô˵ͱ
û˵ֻǾӣҲò˶٣꾩زȥҹȥ£ɹ˺ԺԶ뾩ȥһ
Ļô;һһ¶ˣ㵽ʲôĿģ
ԷĻþˣĺܴһˣĶ¾Բ٣ΪӾô£ѵһ׮׮һҪȥ
ֳĬžԼİĮģͻȻ뽫ĨȥҷҪһĻأ
ѹûú̸ǰɣһѡѹûѡ
ûĻشĪͻȻһһﳯӶ
һһֱŰһֻֻŶǰȥתܡ
̸߳ŭֱӴ㶯ˣҪҪ
ֻǾٿ쵽ײӣԷΪṦһǾûͱ׷
˼Ŷû̫죬ɻǱԷźһŵɫһ䣬ڵϣ˫ֱŶӡ
ͬʱקžͬʱһºɿֱ£ֱססöԷܡ
ֻͬʱӵĶȴһ㶣üͷȥǶӹĻȣôһֱΪǶαװѹġ


66 

ͻĶŵɫ԰, û뵽ԷͻȻȥĺԸоԷָĶϡ
͵תȥƺӣû뵽Ȼƿˡ
ĺ, ˫ֵڶǰ, ͼȥڵԷ˿ߡ
ԷṦ̫, 벻֮䣬ջǹ˼ûðȻѾ¡
Ƕ̥һ£ԷĺԲӡ
㡭̫𾪣һʱ侹ø, ֻǸշھ̱ͳĸѹȥ,Ķӡô£
ü, ոƺһ̫һ, ֻ̫죬ķһʱ䵹û̫, עܿ챻Էŵĸ
ͼɻأαװװ粻𣿡
뵽ոѹαߣһ仰ѿڶŮװģ

ɫ̫ÿҪǴ򲻹ԷҲ´̼¶, 뵱˷ۣŮˣ
Ҳ̫ȷ룬ܿ侲
ҶŮѹסȲ˵, ǺҲϢȥ, ԾŮװ
һӡôУ
Ժۿžιµҩ, ʱ˵ǶʵǹƣֹƣһϡֹԭúϻҩЧںһ֮ܿ󣬵ȴʧˡ
ʱۿžɽڴ֮ǰΪԭֶϹƵļӾ絼ȫʧһܵƵĽɽ
ڵһֹƣΪ໥Ҳ˹ȥ
ɺȻƻԭ뷨ˣЧȴȫûУºû£Ҳûбס˵ǰµڵĹҲʧ٣ȫûڹ
žĶӡ´С
ʱ䣬պþɽһ
ӾôţԷݣܸоԷµ˫Ŀ˿ĶӣŶӣҲΪ¶Է˺ӶҲ֪ҵʲôĿģǰ˵ԼҲûϵ޹ģοұҲǰ͡
ĸ֣öӵѣʹΪ΢
ǰɵһУνĸ𣬵󲻹һЦ
ɱ
ۣǲǱ̬Ϊ֪лһɵ˷ܼƷɣ
ŶӵĶ裺㡢ֻΪ⣬ΪϻڵǸʲô
ӽָ侲ֻȴһܵķΧ˵öԡ
ƽ͵ĸȴӿһɲԤУ㡭
Ķã˵öԣǰͣԡһḺġ
𣬸ʲô
ûͻȻһ£ûȾҵѴϵͳﻻҩȥͱˡ
ǰʶڱŶӣ𡢱˺ҵĺӡ

ʱʶֱ̧̫ۣܺ۵ۣϸȥƣŷԼ˿һϡ
㱡̺齣ܰųųʱʱ漫õչþѣǰһĻȥӣȸоڵĶԼûɿ
ע⵽ǰԶϢһߵĺӡ
ԷһɫĽۣȻߣˣ滹һɴñδϵ¶ڵʵʵ
ü㡭ҪȥĶ
ӵûŶԷڵ˶
һ㶣һʼûʶǴʲôطȺ֪׶ԷеĹ˶Ǵ˳Ķʱסˣ㡭ȥʲôǴ˳ˣ뱱ڤĺйϵ
Ϊĺ幵ԭ򣬾һֱΪԷǱڤҴӶڤ֮
˵طȷǱڤˣֻΪ˶ܲǰ˳
ѵ̹ȻҵȷǴ˳ˣʼգϻڶڹ˳ֻ粢֪ˡ
Ͼϻλνġĸȷǹ˳ҵˡ
ûΪӵ̹ɫһЩ裬Ϊ⣬ֻѹͷĸ˼Ϊʲôȥ˳
ӣ˵ԼΪҲűѾ£ٹ¾Ҫ䡣ôң̫ʧ٣ѳֳ̫ʺΪܣϽ취ѹסҰģغܿƾͻƲסʱᷢʲôžһҪ˵ĺ幱һң̫ӳֻ뱱ڤԼĺ幺ʱڤһ⻼˾ԼǸطܶ
һսôƱףôûһطܰ
򴽣һĻ֪ΪΣġ
ӳһۣѱأ浱Щʲôûӵ빬ҰĴʱͱ¶ˣһôĵˣûкУ
ɫҰףĹ׵ý͸ȴҲ顣
ӵĸȻûôһӣûѡ񡣸ȥ˳Ŀǰ˵˶Ψһܵĵط㵮º֮ǰܵ
鸴ӣһȻѹ˵ĹҲŶԷƫƫԷʵûа֮һ棬Է˵ĵȷңû֮˳ȷһʵȥ
Էôģ
Ӹоı仯ڣģҾҪвҲᶯӡ㲻ҳʱĸҲһӶ֡
ѹţĿǰԷûֳɱ⣬ӡȷû취ǾһһȿԷΡ
žûĻشҲգֻƲһ䣺Ȼǰ㲻ӣӣôǰеĻȫϣӡ벻㿴ıˡ
ڶϵָҧ֪ˣ
ûҲ֪Էô쵽ģһ·Ǹ˳ǰ߾ȵ˴˳һ·Ź˶ȥ
Ϊܲõһ·ͣͣ;лµʱ䡣
뾰а˸µʱ˹˶
һߣǰ߾С֮ǰȥӾһ˴꾩һ·ϵǸס̴ǻؾŵɽ
һ·ɫһ˴ҳ뵽һʼĻȥһ룬ֻȥһ˵̴Ҳȥˡ
һ뵱ʱүı顭ֻɽϲҪܵκβ
ڵ˴ڣƽ͵Ĵ䣬һһֱŵһĻͣһǰǸСԺֻǸվԺǰõϢĴ峤ˣһ㶣ʲôˣ
̴ӸϽ¶ǰ˵ġ
峤۾һǰˣҹĸ֮ǰһš
̴ӣࡢǰһ·һһҲĸ£
ĪȻĺһȥүı顣


67 

ڿ, ۣͷϴźɴñͷһֱ, ڵʵʵ, ܿ, ˵ģ
ϴſۣŴ멣Ȼܿ߸¡Ķӡ
ΪģױݣϲֻΪ׵ķˡ
Ǵ˿̳ڹ˳ĶǰŶ׼ǡ
뿪꾩ʱǰµףȴѾǵڶ³, һ·ֻ˵ǶӼλ, Ϊ
ϽԴ̫ߺҲܿʧ١
ܵŵʱ䲻, ܴϢҲ޼, 󣬾ȻԼڸ·;з, ⻹񲻼ѣɫףݡ
ǰһѩﲻ붯, Թ˶һĶû
󲻻Ե޹ʧ٣ǡˡ
ûסڴͿһ˿Ӳʣӿ, ԷҲһϮ, ȫڵס, ϣһڵʵʵߡ
ĿԷȻǸܿܽˣ߹ز̫ƽٱ֮ص̼˶ѣҲ˲١
ûһ·ϹԷദģʽȻ㲻ǾֻܱûƢķ
Ҳգ˵Ҳãģպðܿڵķˡ

ԼҲӣ˿˵ټ϶Ҳû˻ţ˿̽ȻҪúӺúֻʣûþܵºӣȵʱ취
һ·ҲϰĳĬٴγǰߣֵܿǵǡ
Ȼ⣬ţ»ᱻԼݣԷôӦ׼˰ɣ
ŵĽʿǰʲôˣ
ڣҼҹӺͷˣǰʱȥ˵̽ףⲻջ
Էƺ˵ʲôÿĻƺһƣֻǸÿһǣӴӻһһĶ˳ȥˢһƺ˹£С
Ȼǵͳĸһ㲻̫š
°ֻһСܿ¿ʼں棬̧ÿһǳ⿴ȥ
˶꾩ȫͬƺһЩ֪ǲǸչԸϲһЩ
ʱȴ̲ס뵽ոŵĽʿһС
Էڹ˳ȻǸСǵù˳ŵϽλõճɵģ⵽˭ҵģ
ǰУ˼֣ͣһլӵĺԺſڣֱʻ˺Ժ
һֱûֹСһֱôһǴͷβڼ·ߣȻ˹˶뿪Ҳѡ
οһʱҲܲˡ
ٴοڣڸ˽լʱίҲ˵ң㲻ùܣÿ˸ͲͣҲѰϵС˷ճ㻹ƽʱɴŮװģ·ƫһЩ㲻
üС
ɫƺһ䣺ûѡ񡣡
ĶԣưҲû⣬Ҳҡ
ӳĬãƺҲǶŭ㡣
ϽȻʣҲװ׵ͻȻһ˵˵ѵס
Ӹһ߾ôžΣǱ˵ԡ
ɿ
ٴοڣϡ
һ㶣ع˵Լ˷ϣĬһԭԼվ
Լϲ̫һĺ⹷ҪҲ˳һϲ³һͲˡ
룬ΪԷһڣ񡣡
һ㶣죿
ýͣ룬׽ǻҪԷڹ˳ȵºӣ죬նұֳ
ƽʱƫ࣬Ǻ˻
ҲǸϣȻټٱȾױɡ
ƺһ֣󣬾һȦǸܾԺӣûκˣֻһֱͷĳ
ӻӻ֣Է̸뿪
ֱԺֻʣˣӲ˾һۣƽʱߵʱ򲻶࣬ǰռʱ˵ҳӣôڹ˳Ҳ̫áƫҲû֪ҵ˽լ㰲ĴΪ˲㣬һᾡٹµĻǸҴ֪ȥѰҡ
鸴ӣԷõĸһ·ϻ֡
Էв󣬵⼸˿ûἰ²˵ϧô๦
۾ţһֱ˵̧ۣ꣬һ˵һҩ־һ£ңǷһΡ
˱ͶԹֻǵȱ֮´ټ棬лᣬǷԼģԼҲֻ顣
ֱҲҪ㳥ʲôԼҲ˵ˣҵµ棬һḺ𡣡
ҲøԼи˳ӾС
˵˻ᱨշҲİá
⻰û˵٣뿪һʱ䶼ûСԺҲڡ
ԺӾжǰԺ˲ԺԺչ˵һˡ
ƽʱʱԳ䵱ƽʱԺⲻκ˿
ԺСˣӦǱδ¶κ˵Ҳ٣ֻĬԼ¡
ڣ·ݴˣҲԺӣһҲܾ͵°ºӲҪ¡
ΪӴ٣ԺҲֻôˣһҲ
ôĴ˰£뺢ӾŸ»ʣʱЪˣֻ˯һʱ򣬾ᵽѪɫŵû
֪˶ãоѪζԽˣֺƽ೤ֻǷڱ̺µѾ߬סһذס
վǰûǰ̧ǰҲֱֱ̧۴˹ȥ
ֻǶԷȻûзǾذ״̵ǰһ߬ס˾ֱۣڰӳҡ
ʶȼߵĸ϶һɣʲôëҹ˯ܵ˴ͷվţ
û˵ڰﵹɿ˾ֻǾͻȻǳȥԷȥȴֻһ£̽һקǳ䲻⽫ŵһҸק
ȫΪͻĶһû뵽д˶Ϊ֪ôĿĻ΢һ£ܿ콩վûж
ָסҺͽ߬ġ
ڰӵģԷոյķӦǲˡ
ʹĲԸǸ룬һ̣Ѿ߰˳ɵȷɫҲײ̫ÿҧ³Ǹ֣סš
һ·ܶ࣬Է˵ΪԼҩԸ𣬿һҪó͵۸ծӳϧ;иô̵ˣٴץڲȥĶԹ˵Ϊ˱ϧԼôһطô̫Υ͡
ûһ˶һôãɲΪԷĴ󷢣ķ֣
ٲȻһ飿ɲΪԼôĿġ
ǽֻʣһԷнӴкøл߿ԳƵѵˡ
ѱ٣һ·ֻ̫ӡࡢϽϢȴΨûйʦ
͵ͻȻݱǰѪôڳ͵Ƥӵ¸¶ģ̫ӡһó͵ȴһֱ͵̫۵ˡ
ΪһΪ׼Ŷİδɹ׼ţһ·ųˣ̫Ӷ¹̫˳ǣ󡭡ƺֻʣܵһˡ
ǶԷƽʱõҲˣʦõŵܹ鲻䡣
˼ǰǹѪζԷƺ˳䲻קҡ
Ȼù׼ң·ǵá
ںڰĦţȷȷͬ·˵ʧΣֻͷһУΪʲô


68 

վںڰ, ҪҹɫΪһ壬˳žһǰΪʲôҲ֪Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôƫƫôһ
û뵽, ԭŽһ뾰, պٽ׼ŵ½ӽ, ǸݡԷĶԴġ
һлǱˡ
ֽ̧ҿϵߣ̾Ϣ㿪ڣΪʲôҪһУ͵֪𣿡
ûαװϤɫãȻ븴ӣԼΪ¶ƿУȴ֪ԼҲΪΪԼ־ء
ƣôƭϴδԲ£ҲĽ㵱ѣѲ࣬ΪԭһжΪ֮һʱԷǲҲӽ
ԭΪ֪, ͷԼǶԷһöӡ
ЦôôδɹԷ
ʧ, һֱάϵķƵʧ, ҧֺγǣǽ㵱, 񻹻ôʹҺγǱ˵ӣù󱻳̶ȷɱҵ, һɵһУô죿ʹ֪һУ˫մѪ˭ܰϴ
üʹͺȴΪסɱ
ʲô˼
뵽֮ǰ׼ɱ˳͵ۡǳ͵ۣ
һ, ڰЦһǣҲɱ֪֮ģҳڣֺγǱӣҲһЦΪʲôҪأǾôúദȥ𣿡
ɫӿŶԷ, ˵ʲô, ȴӱܰ, ѹþ˵ȥһΣֱӴӴ˳ȥܿʧҹɫ
Ŷѹ߲죬˴ֻü֦һ£紵ķɳɳ
ͷҹɫ鸴ӣܾԼ뿪ʲô˲õ顣
׼һʦȻǳ͵۵ã
ͷһ𣬾ͻȻʶʲôֲһμ׼ʱܾԭ͵ۡ
ֻΪֱʥգ͵ݵĴָʱֻ죬ѹû͵롣
Ͼ˰˸ӴţĹϵ
̫ӵʱ¶ʱ򣬲˵̫ӵʱֻһ̥
׼ǵǸ̥ǡĸˣ
ȷԷ׼źûɶ٣˵ܣԺӶ⡣
ʹԺӣ뿪˳Ҳȵ컹ѣοҲӿЦ
˼ǰ󣬾һһֻǽ׼Ŷûٳѡ³ʱ򣬾ĶѾоŸ¡
ûֻ˲ٶһ϶ѾףʱѾԽóˡ
Ҳµȥҹζ࣬˼ǰ󣬻˾
һʼû׼ԼҽҲûöԷѰЩš
κˣ׼ԼʸʱŻһĻ֣ꡣ
³һ죬һСǰȰѵʱҪĶŵ䡣
СҲûɣǰԺ˹
֮󣬾˵ԼҪ裬С˺ܶˮڶ˸˳ȥ
ȶһأŴϣһĻϵͳϡ
Ϣʵǲĵġ
һҪһж׼׵󣬾ԼԼ
ǰ׼˺ܶԼѵĶӰû
ӵʱ򣬿Ѫӿһֱ򶨵ı黹Ǹһ˿еȴ۵׵ļᶨѹȥ
ĺӣΪףҪúƽ

ս뱱ڤĽʿɱҹڱЩˡ
ңֻܿаա
ʹǱԼһжһɱƳ꾩ģϽ֮ʻյϣ
˿ºˣ߹ز
ջѡ˵Ͻ뿪꾩һ·ǰ߹Сϡֻڴ֮ǰҪȥӾ֪һ˸ͻʱˡ
һͬʱصǾ䡸ǿǡʱеѹȥ
ͷȴиͷһн˸׷
þƳջ
ֻǿʼʶȻ̴ֻʱòԸôİ֡
ʱ࿹Ĺؼʱֻȥ췣Ժˡ
һȣǼ£ϵǸʱǸûĵֻһˡ
ſһѪӪʣʤȴûκοĵı飬ȵԼ߽ȥͷϵͷӸһԵĽʿ
ɫƫͷȥ漴һҵ𣿡
һҡͷ˼һ㣬ûаϢ
Դ֪ʧ٣һκԼʱô˴˵Ļˣֻʣôһš
һϥأβѣʱԣǷ⾰ױдԼ뿪ȥѰǲҪҵţүͼˡ
߬ȭͷ۵׶ǺѪ˿ôû˯ȴҲû
ʱΣﾰһѪվɵĺڰﳯ֣òԷϢ¼ԼõϢ
һͷ£ǿοҲǸһɣүûϢõϢȥ̽Ѱ˰Ȼµл
Ǵˣþô뿪񡭡
ûۣãȥɡ
ֻʣһʱ³һįľ⣬һֱҹ΢ͷƣ̲סૣ㵽Ķ
߹Ӫǧ֮Ĺ˶ĺԺͷ϶亹۵ġ
ʹϰѪɫҲûУҧŲƬѪ˿ڷϺöһӣһߣͷһͰϡ
Լϴϵ룬һֱֻӳС޿޲ֹСӡ
Сӱϣ̲סףͰ͵СӣЦһ㻹ޣҲӦÿޡ
ÿ޵ʱȴûסڴôõ¶һЦֻЦŲ԰׵ϣԵøįް˫ȴȱʧõӡ
Ժ󡭡үΪˡ
ֻǱ֮ǰԺһӰȴǿѹȥ
ȵ꣬΢ָһЩҪĶջϵͳ
ȷû²ʱƷ󣬾Ѿ˯ӷصĴϣϱӣһ
ֱʱ򾰳ųһ·ĲٻõϣͬʱΪͻȻ˻ٴһƲֺɤӿ
С˵ע⡣
С̽ţˣôкӵĿѵѾˣûκζû溰ŵ
ö˽վ󲻸ҽ󣬾һڣȥӣѾһˡ
һлҪԷ׼ٺӵι
ŶԷҪۿţƫƫرҪԷһУһ˰鶼ˡ
СɵۣʲʲôѾˣʲôʱģǾ棿ôգ۾ˣ


69 

ӳϵԸСȥ׼źһֱʱ, Ǹ˽һʱң˶
ɫۣƲСԺ׼ʵڵĸۡаʱ·, ôպҪ, 뿪Ϣ׼, ӦаʱĻʱ䡣
ֻ϶ǲߵģ˵СӸճûÿ϶ô룬뱱ڤľλҪټȵȡ
׼ŵõϢǿӱ޹˺ԺƿžҪߡ
߽ȥŵһŨѪζüͷһ, µɫ, ֻǸƹȴסվﲻҪ
Ȼ˿, ǲ׼̫
Ŀǰ, ۱¶һʵûô׼ŵҲƷ˵һе֪, ԼĿǰλá
ǲκˡ
ˣΪʲôˣ˵Լģ׼һѯʣϸܿ̽еĲ벻ãȻΪԼİΣԼǺ֡
Ϊ׼ŵЩѹСӣѹԼǴ, Լʲôοڲû¶˵ԼԼǲˣСĽҵˣ
Ҳ˼׼űҭһ£һʱż, ҪʲôҪ𣿡
Ҫ, Ҳø֪Ҫһ, ҲűˣԸȥÿεҵιι꺢ӻҡ
ﲻԼĵ̣̫Լ׼ݵ£Ĳ뿪Լߡ
˵ǡư͡Щ˻һģҪ׼Ըȥ
׼ȻҲʶ⣺ЩһᰲȥأҪҩ𣿡Ҹò˵һ֪ȷǺ£ȷû⣿
˿˿ڣޱ飺һдӣʱ˸Ұҩÿ͹ͺáǺȲȾԼˣ־˻˲ٻ֣ҩһһԼҲ׼һ롣
һĻ㹻һҩˡ
οϵͳƷҩҩЧǱĶԶ˳Ѱҩݡ
׼ϢȻȷͷȻѪζŨҵȷȻѾ˺٣Ȼ˿Ѿá
׼Ųô쵽ģĵִ뾯裬ѡûжʡ
ܿ찲ȥС˺ܿ콫Լʰ׵ȥ
һͱõģؿƿڷҲֱסǰԺ
֪׼źͶԷô˵ģͷŽ󣬸û࿴ֻɴ᣺ӹĺӣߵɴʱС䡣
ֻԼһΣ泯ǽǱˣҲܱ֤˱С
ӣҲܾôӶţĿǰֻô
ҲöǸ䣬ֻ۾ջߣɴ׼վ
üܿɿǡư͡ҲÿڣֻûӺԱ˱ͻӹҲͷС뿪ˡ
СӷŵһԣСһԱڲˣڴ˸ǷֻСͰ͵ģҲ֪û˭
뵽£˭׼š֪
ûʣ׼Ҳδἰˡ
׼Ŵ֪ԴӴݺûкøУԸһкҲ¾ڣܿ뿪ˡ
ֱ˲ɿĵвģԲǰۼˣܿ챧Ӿô˯ˡ
һ׼Ż˽ҹͻȻ뿪ֱҹŴӺĻֻ̫ã춼ˣײϸպȻС˲ŻĲ˱
˱һʼӽʱûԷȱС˲ҡҡλʱͻȻСͣһС
˱̧ͷɫ죬ԭһŸ鸡̫Ʈǳɲѣ̲ס˸Цѵܣ㰡
׼ŵɫÿҲΪ񣬳ɲѣǳȡġ
ѣһֱ֮⣬ǳΪɱ֮ĪҪǶΣףߣҲһ̣ӳȡôһָ֯һƭ֣һһЦ
׼۵׷ź⣬ǰ֣Ҳӿɱ⣬뵽ԺһһСһֻĮһͷ̧һ˽ȥ
˱ˣ㡢㡭ôԼֵģûò
СҲϽ˵С˲ٹҶǽӣôÿζôϱүƵģ
˱ɫҲÿ̫ˣᣬڰ֣ţԺеǻŪ˵ɲʧˣôˣҲûϢǲˣ
ߣû˹ɲһʲô
׼ûƵһ·΢ʣȵԼԺӣʯǰþû
Լһ˪飬ûоԼʪԺɴӹתһۡ
ССһţڰü񾰳
Դӻ׼·һɢ٣Ҳۿӵӣ֪ϲеĸĸԺӶôĮ
Ҳ˶Ժֻ̡
׼֪ȵ۸ŵ³ȵ۱ԷԴ䣬Ϊ˸ȵ۱𣬲ϧõ˶ˡ
֪һ£ֺ޹
ȵʱδƭô꣬˭ָΪЩ֪࣬ĴȴҲѾɣҲزȥˡ
֪׼ŵ뷨˵Ѿˣ۶Сһ
ǵСۺŸͺӣоĹѪԺѪĴڡ
ͺˣ֪ԼѾ˳֪жˡ
󡭡֪Ļǻᡢɣ
ԼƭͻȥЩƭ˵ԼǿǣתͷԼˣôһšɾҪӣһʵݡԺ۹ӣƽƽĳ
ʹٶĴۣҲԸ⡭ֻΨһԲסĴžˡ
جˣȻһѪվαǰҪңôûҵôˣǲǽˣ
꣬ҹ޷ߣǾ͸ɴѻзʿͷϣս޲ʤ޲ˣԴ߹أް̡
ʿǣʱ󣬱ڤ˱һʱջҲ
ֻǾȻûκϢɳȥ˶ȥ̽ˣɾͻȻʧʧһ㣬Ѱ
֪һ˵öԣûϢõϢС˼ֲ࣬˵ҪܻȥѰһɿʱ˻֣ûۼˣǲġ
ϱξ⣬оԼѾڷıԵ
꾩Ѿһ֮ãͷĿֻŲûʱˣŷ
СûĵټǵǵԼĳŵ˵ҪǵġʱԽã¶Էᷴڣߣʼնֻƭ
ھѰˣȥѰʱ߲ӻϽͬʱһϢү̽ʦ׼ŵˣӦڹ˶
ޱţûڡ
߲֪鲻ã뵽λ֪ľˣҲΪӡ
ϾԷҲΪүƭ˰ү˵Ǻ⣬ѰҲ̲סֲλ˲⡣
ҪѰȴҲ鲻ˣүǲʥŮǲĻţ׹ʦʥŮйأԳ͵۵³³ʥŮΪȵ۵Ĵ¡Ҫ취ҵʥŮ׹ʦǸؼοɱ˳͵ۣҲҪ꾩
߹ؾҪ꾩˵ĻȴҪʦץı͵ɣġ
ѾӵϢоƲ̫ãѾʼų켺ϳ˻඾ֱ˴ٲ취ǡҪѪϴһ顣
ҪǣЩʱһ˼ͱڤѰһ飬ûѰκйؾ˵˿
ֻʣطûѰһǴ˳һǴ󳯡
꾩ԶģϵʱΣž˼ʹѰȫ֮ӦҲôѹȥ
ԾĲڱڤѾôпܾڹ˳ĳһ
߲뵽ģȻҲ뵽ˡ
֪ʱֱ壬һãڣԸȥպ̣ǰ˶һǰѰˡ


70 

ӵʱû̫Ķ, ʱСС⡣
پ֪ѹ֪ԺһֱŲķ˾Ѿˡ
ڶֻ֪м֪, Ż, ͻȻһƻ
ΪԼôס, Ϊ׼ŵʱǰҹûŲ˵ǸҪιһֱסҲûܽӴˡ
֪٣ĵط׶ˡ
һʵݣȻ뱩¶Լж֮ºӣôӾҪһĸ
ˡݾԭνĸһֱŮ, ҲһֱںԺװư͡
һʹ·ݴһЩҲ, Ҳܴ̽õϢ
ôʱôܣ
ԭ, Ҫ, ǻӵ·ݾ꾩ʱ
Ծ˼ǰ󣬾ʱѾϢ
뿪꾩ʱǰµ, ȵɽϵĴʱѾʮ·ңʱ̴Ӳ뿪
ԾǴʮ·ݿʼ㣬ʶˡ, ӡ
ʹ߸ӳ·ҲӦ·֮
СǶ³һĵǾĸ¡
֮Ѱ׼, Է֪ǳλǱ, ûκ, Ȼˣܿ찲ȥ
Ҳ򵥣ֻҪ֪ͨＴɣǰԺ֪ҹѾˣСĸӲ˵
֮£˺ú֮⣬ǽӲصʵʵ
լӱƫƧһֱںԺСܹҲ׽Ժӵ¾Ȼľô
ˡֱӱԺģû˿Ҳ֪Ѿ˼£ԼʹôúһֱûҲû˻ɡ
һֱȹ£ѡһӣˡѲˡ
׼ѾǰǰӴˣ˵˱ĸš
ǰԺ˵ڶ֪һֱڸլ˼µġˡҹѲûˡ
ļٵģ⸮ôãûŮӣֻȥүͻȻλˡү˵ԼѵķˣôôöԼķ˲ܲ˵ģ
˭֪˵㣬ǼүģүƽʱҲûô¶棬ʹżȻҲǴߣοǺԺ
Ѳû⡢Ҳ̫ˡ
˵Ҳ˻ǸưͣѲҲҹûҲ˵ǲǱԼˣүƸģ
˭֪
ﲻ˶Ըλ˸棬һʼҲүѵķˣһֱûԷķ
Աɣ˭뵽˵Ѳû˾ûˣ
۷׷ǲүʱѲڶͻȻԺһλ糾͵ṫӡ
ṫǴӺԺŽģȻðߵס¶°ÿ޷תߣŵС˶ˡ
ﲻСľʱҲסˣȿԱŵүϽͷ
׼ΪϷѵÿ˿ڽͣλӣҵѣǸ˵ģ˭֪̾Ϣһ󣬡ȥһɡ
鱯ʹ˰֣ʱ鷳ˣȥ
뿪һߣŵСȴը˹յĹﵹǶˣ˵ˣǸرεĹӣ
⼸һֱںԺͷһϷͦӦһнչ˳ǸҲרǸʱ亰ǡáżġ
ˣܿãպᡣ
Ϊӵȷ̫Сʱ򱧳ȥ϶ܿǸճԼʹҪ뿪ҲҪȡ
һȾ͵ʮһ·ݣʵоŸˣԣǸСӡ
ϸĻɻȥġ
ٵȰ취뿪˶ֻ뿪ǰʱ䣬Ҫȿʼ˽ʱ
׼ʱƺͦæģȺò˸Լӳߵ¡
׼ųĬòſȥĶҪͬһȥ𣿡
û뵽ô˵ҡͷˣҾ䡣˶ôãһûţС˸Ҿͺá
׼ֳĬãǿѣڹ˶̫ãһԣС˻Ϣҡ
üʲôջû˵Լѱڱ˵ĵ˲ģҲ˵ĳ˺ܶࡣ
뵽ԼļƻӦʾԼ֪ˡ
׼Ҫܾˣ뾩ʱ̲Щ̲ûô
׼ſѾҲ벻ֹİ취ջͬ⾰Ҫ
һֱ׼뿪ɿ浣׼ŻܾԷĲͬ⣬ôԹ˶㲻Ϥ»ܶܲˡ
ص䣬ƹ磬Ŵѧ·С̣۵СֳһЦ¶СƵĺžɿҪŵþϽǰӱסСҪǲǣ
ѽСȴɵǺ³һˮݣžߴһˣ˸Ƿ
С֣ʼ̣һһѧ
СӵСȶԼСȥԼСţ³һݣޡ
Σⶼ˶ٱˣǲẰ
ΪǶ³һģûȡ֣պص꾩ôȡֻȡ˸Сһһ
Ҳ鷳ܿ񣬼ʼһ鲻䷳ֻ̣һһֻᷢѽѽڣֻһڡ
⣬׼Ų֪ʱȥվ⣬ôŷﴫЩûסҲֻǺܿЩįȡ
һߣӱºͷݳֻ̼Ԫ˹˶סڹ˶һջ
һգ鿪ʼѰˣֻϧ˶Сǵ⣬ôĿŵĴ̽
ԼҲѰһ˿
ү˳Լ˶ŵйλԼеС¹һ֮Ѱ˱ȽϷϿǹʦˡ
ûڣֻޱӡ
棺һǹ˶¸صƾʦĴӣ˵Էǰ뿪˶ĺһֱûǰͻȻֻϸƾʦŴӽΪһֱûг²ȷԷǲǡ
ڶλĵմӣΪںլһֱûô¶棬Եû뿪˶Ҳû֪䱸ɭϣµûðȻȥ̽
һλ󽫾ɽӳɲѣ˵٣Сʱ򱻴󽫾ӱ߹شһֱߣŷ⽫ٹͣԱʵ۷ΪСλСҲǴǰ뾩ʵ۵ĳѰɽѩδڹ˶ԷȥѾѰɽѩһλŮӣ˵ѵķΪչˣֻ˰ǰѲֻһСӡ


71 

˵ʵҲû, ҪӲҪȥ̽ĻҲǿԣ´ݾߡ
ԻǰѯүүҪô
һֱû˵, Ҳ˵ԼΪʲô˹˶ô, һֱѹ޷, ĪԤУþ
ָоĪȴ޷סԼǿ޷뽫Ѱģû취ȣþԼҪ꾩ˡ
Ҫȵʱ
갵棬Ҳ뾡ѰʦܸڳҾ
һĶ, ܿ˾˶ʹǵ˽ȥ, Ȼֻƾʦĵ, һֱȷſ, ˵ˣǵױ¶, ȥ̽ǣȥ̽ɲǴۡȻ˽լɲѶǰ, 취ֹȥѰ̽ɲѵݡ̽ɲѵĻԼϰ߶¼
ʹòһ˵Լƽʱϰ߸Ĳˡ
ʦڹдʱղ, ЩϰһʱҲ׸ĵ, ܻ¶˿
ȥ, ŷүѾߣȻǴ
֪үǴȥѰ˭ҲҶʣܿ찴үķԸȥ׼
һߣ׼Ҫһնûãͷ߸߹ʱڻС˵Ҫ
СѾǰùӵķԸ飬ܿȥ׼ԼҪеһˣѾǰһһ·װúϲ졣
Ϊ䣬һСһ㣬С۵㣬껭ĸޡ
һֱԼԴСӣСӸֺôҲ֪˭˸ճʱ˼ƽʱô֡
ҲֻѽѽСȶܿ챻־ιˡ
Ա˾Լ棬߾СרȥͷĲ˹ĵС
һͿֱЦֹֺÿþǴϲϧ
ϵһΣʮ㣬һദѾһˡ
ֻżĳˣӿͷҲ֪ԺôãǱʲô
θպһ̽һ¡
һ˵͵˺ŵӣֻ뿪Ѿ̴ܶ۾죬Ҹţȥͬʱү
˼£ڰ˸ȳˣҲ̫ˣ
Ǿһ˵˶һҲ¥ʱϢѾ˱ǰһǸɲѲ˺ܾõŮڳˣ˱ϲȭͷһģСүȵˣβץһУ
ǰ˱͵õϢ˵ǳɲͷһŮˣˣСҰ֡
ֻǶ˵ʲôѵķˣ⻰˵ȥҲͺˣ˱ѹţ
ɲ˭һ֪Ұֻ֣ñ⽫Ϊӡ
Ҳû˵ʲôɲѺǱģȴΪɲѵ˷Ͻۡ
常⽫͸߿ɲһۣСʹɲѣȥ߹أ˲ٹͣΪСôһԱȣɶǡ
Ȼڽ˾үһҲ˵ʲôⱲӾٻ󣬿ɿһĳɲô˳
ȵѱû֣˵СѲ˲˵ֶԷķ
ɲ˱̽һøǼٵģʲôֻ˵úõòˣûۼʲôģ˱һ룬;ŮװŪˡ
û֤ҲҴֻŮ˳ץУһȵ˼£
˸СүһˣηҪ˺úƣɲ˽ﵽǸʲô⣡˽ӶˣҪǱߣ˵常ֱӰ˸ϳҲ˵
ͣڲ¥ǰϺɫñɴñϷһֱ£պý˺ͻﱧŵڵʵʵ
˵ĻĴ濴Ů
СͶ˰ᣬ̽ϢԲûֱȥ¥İᣬȥ˶¥
˵Ҳǵģ˵λãǰ˰ӣ·һ¥Ĵƽʱ˵˵飬˲ٲͣ̾С
ԼҪϢȻҲ࣬Ͼ˶ӣָԼóѯҲԼ֪ġ
С׼ŵˣҲܵŶ˵̽
Ϊţ¥ܿ·ˣȴˡ
󣬾ͽñ¶һſС̲סˣعһͷֱ۵ͯްСˣ⸸ѵһĺò
û뵽⹫ͳ˻飿
ޱ鿴Сͷٿλӣ֪ҪЩʲô
ֻѰļģһˮ󣬾СһͬĸСˣȶСعٴţ󣬾ŵͷȥ˫˷ܼӡ
СӴӳڿһ껹ͷһμôˣ˷ܵĻСֹּסѽѽźƵС̸첲ȥµա
ûסЦСӵСָ߬סô˰ǺԺ󳣳
СֻǼŬ˵ߣϹȴţòУֻܰͰСԴ򾰳
Ͱ͵С̹ȴһЦСǲԹãϸȥ˵˵顣
СӴſǲԸֻܴ˸ǷСС̾ϢһԹڵҲû
ע˵ߣԲûע⵽Աһ߽ˣΪ׵ȳν˶ֻͷϴһ˵ĴñӣҲմ˼Ǵĺ룬ֻ¶һ˫ͬӥ
˵˵Ĺδע⵽ߣǶҲ죬ֻǺܿɨһȦã͸С¥İȥ
¥ȶ¥٣Ҳ䴰ĴԵĴȴǶĽֵȻҲ
Сŵʹһϲɫȥ׼㣬һأװѰİѹѯʣүȥųɲ˽լ˵ڸ¥Ҫȥ̽̽𣿡
ۣʲôˣȲȻ¥ֵطӦҲвסܻỹлᡣ
һðȻǰִݾߡ
ҲûжҲûԣͬʱĴʱ˵·
ٴλãϲûж
ԭΪ˵˵꾩£ճʱ̫ԣ˵˵ǷһܻĻȻ¼ãġ
Ǵ̽õϢˣͷѾ˯Сӣ̲סЦ£ɴ뿪
ֻǾʱͻȻ¥һˣΪ׵ṫͷø߸ߵģһֻĴ󹫼ϻڸ޵ɫټӸβͣһģһ
ƹĿ￩һ£λôˣ
ƹӭȥүôйˣ׼ż䣬룡
˱ȴһСǰƹһ߿ʲô·ﶼ£
Ϊ˱һ˵ĳ֣ԭȵĴѻȸϳ˱ħ˭ģǴ˸
ƹıҲգ̽С΢ͷǰСĵĴ
С˴ʵǲ¥һźӹĸ𣿡
Сһ㶣뵽Ƕģõĸӣ룬û
ƹҲһ㶣֨һûҿ
СȴǰƹקлûУǿۿŽģʹñǸôǰǵĲ¥˲ɣ
¥Ѿ뿪ľüͷźӣˣ˵ɣ
СҲˣȻҲ˱ɫ΢䣺ӵ߲֡ƣǻ͹ӺС뿪


72 

һ, ģ׼ŵĳˣ
˼
˼Żû˵ʲôô뿪ԷԵס˴ţôбûô
Сȴģӷ, ǵֻ
˱˺ܿ첻ͷʼ¥һһҲ鿴, 㲻ǾֻӲߡ
ܿ, ֪˵ֲʲôˣȻǫˣͬʱҲľҿԼûֱܣԭΪֻѰСˣһҲû⡣
Ѿ´ñﱧŴ˿ҲѹСӸС󣬼һһ, ʵʵ
ߵĶȻ¥ע, ɫĴ·¥ݿڵ龰ʲôˣ
̵棺˱, 󽫾ɽһλ, Ϊ˹ۣЩڹ˶аԵ, ޶˷ˣҲ̫ãŮزɡ̽ľҷ, ûʲô汾£ҲгǸɵ竡
λʵʵĹ˶һԣгȻ񼫣Ҳ顣
ֻΪûմ, з, Ҳû˸Ҷôš
Ӵ̽Ϣ, ȴ벻ͨôһ˳úÿһ㣬ôλۣȻôһܽϵĹ˶Թص
Ͽôһ˲û
ʵ˱Ҫҵģ¾ǳɲڸˣҪæ𣿡¥ĿҲųɲѸλûӴ̽ɲѵǲǹʦ׼š
ۣѾ¥µһС˵֣ʱҪСȻλСѡĺ֣־Բһ㡣
վ¥ϣʱûȥ˵СӣСôãһ
ֻǾһ˱ȻбűһڵصҲգһ߸ԴСүµòɲѻͦСӰȻԼֵʮĸ͹
üһΪСӵĳƺǲ˱ķӦ
ǡû취ˡ
Ȼ˱֣ǾͲ֪СĸϹ͸СүĻΣ
ָշ£ӸĽųӣͨģһ㣬ȻƮƮս֣Ƽ˲Ťת
¥ϵİҲ첻ѣӡôں𣿡
СĸǰʮȻһɿǲ١
ɫȥæ
Ϳ۸СĶˣʲô˱ҪԳɲѣֱȥɲѾˣηɲСͷֱȥȥ˼ҸСӺһʲô
ֲҪĻˣ͸ýˣ
ܿս֣ǿɲǹ˳ˣҲ²˱
ȫαװʱֱһܣ˭֪˭
˱ʼȥСүƣСӾȻóɲǼһﲻϧڸң˸Ұ֡
ֻǸߵһ룬֪ܳߵˣֱӿʼСˡ
˱ɫѿȴģĻǿһһĺ֡
СȻֺãôѾʼ֧ü˿Ų˱Ļ
ʱ뵽ʲô˱֮ԼҲ磬ΪԼ׼ͷģ
׼ŵģ
֮ǰѾȥѲˣ
˵ΪԼ̫͵Ǵȥˣ˱ȴţ
ͨͻȻڵҲ֪ܹʲôνСνָ˭
էȻò˱һ㶣Ҳסˣ
еģô
Ǿڵͬʱԭڴǰĵ͵վ
Ϊ¥ݵһʼû嵽Σ
ԭѾսֵļҲһ㶣ϵĶһ٣ôе죿
˱ܻϳϾȻԼˣԭŮװӵСүҪ㵽Ů
˵վʹ󲽲¥ǰҪȥƿϵŵñ
С˵ǰ˱Сү£
Ҳ˿ãСļֻǲ˱߸һݣͻȻһӰѸٴϷ֪ʲôطֱһŰѲ˱ȥֱ߳ȥüףˤڵͷ³һѪ
˱ˣȰֱһĨ죬һֵѪŵûڶɱ޺ѪѪˡҪˣɱǣǸıСүǴĲǣ
һȺ̷ӵǰȴһһɴ䣬߷󻹶ڲ˱ϣҵϰϽлţ˹ȥ
һţȴɵۣӱݣǱӰǶôô
ôܣ˿̲Ӧáڱ߹أ
ǴɡһȺҪ̨׵˱߷ɳȥ͵һתէȻһĺӾɿɵȶ˫Դ˿ȴȼܻӣĪ˸󡭡
˫۾ٶαװҲϵãɡô
СͷٿźƵĴ޹ӡ
ΪкɫñţӲ֪Ϊ棬ԼԼС֡
ͷҪȥ¶С
ȴǸñ㣬ͻȻǰֱӽһֱ˴̷ӳȥβСҲɫӣ
һԲۺüһүǴֱӰ˰ǸСԼ˵Լǲǹʦ
ôүƽʱ簡
ŸոүķӦԼеϤ֪ʶô񾰴˵ģ
ٿѾûӰˣףôǲ񾰴ǾǾ˰ɣ
Сǰȴ£Ҽֻǹ˵˵˵ˣҼӸǹˣҲôҼǲǣ
СȴЩǵǿӣ˴̶ˣĶӽ
ǲܣ˱үܣ˱ѾˣҲȴ˵в˵Ļ
ֱӵƹŵĹ̨ϣܣС˽׷󣬻Ҳæȥ׷
ֻΪһǰûӰӡ
֮Ļһ䣬ͱˡ
һʼֵģʼ²ȥƫƧӻѾ˳ǣ˿ִ̱˲ƣԼСֵС鸴ӡ
֪˶ãͣķûͷҲûųȻƿ͸̧ۣͶӣֱ·գԼͻʧһ㡣
û˵ͷϻǹñɹƾʲôȷ뵽Լ˿ģϵαװһ¶ԭȿҵ֮ǰοԣ϶Ҫһ٣ԣƭˣһƭƭ
¿϶Ҫһ
ܶܶ࣬˿иӵʧֻǻ֣ҡ
һ¿ˮ֪
Ժȴھᣬô侲ûע⵽ﱧŵע⵽˻ûɣ
һһʱһҪԼĸңûô͡
ƫƫ̫ţֱ̫ҲΪýӲЩӲ̫ԣԭɵԼС֡
Сֻ𾰳ע⣬ֶû̲סֽŲûһ£ޡ
漴СС֫ûӶžҪȴûԼЦСһӣ˳պôñһ֣Ҳ֪ע⵽ﱧŵС
ýעһЩǿƳۣһ۸պöСһҲ濴ĺۣѽ
󣺡


73 

һһСô, ڲ¥еעϣﻹб˵Ĵڣ
οôһС
ֱʱŷǾһˣ
㶵, ˷Ӧ, ֺС, ΪԴһԲĸޣ۵СϣƵĴۺģھԼС֣⻹ˣСȥϵĻͷЬ
Ŀ㶴СӵŲϣ, һʱ侹Щƣ⡭˭
̫ȻסСӵС, һĻ, Ҳסߡ
´µһ, ΢һЩһһ
ѹûС룬֪̽ϢɲѾǹʦɣ⺢ģ
ǰ󻹲ȷ, Ȼڳɲ˽լǾǶԷֻ׼š
ֻǡƭ˲˵νȥѰѰ׼ţ
ǰ׼ʱʱ;ֶ˹ϵֺ, ͷˬ
Щ˿̶׼Ѿ̵ʵǿһЩˣǶȻûʲôвˡ
ⷬ, Ȼ, 糬, ̾Ϣһǡ
췢̫࣬˼ûƽʱȣҲֻһʣʲôǣ
ֻﾰ̾һ漴ڣһһҵĺӡ˶٣һ䣬׹⡣
һ˲䣬һĳţ飬ûףоܵĿϡⲻԼ飬ԼֻСӲҶ·Ħ죬Լ˺ԶԼĽ̷Ľк
˺Զеܾó棬ҲΪ̫ھԼĺԼں֪ʶ˼𽥴صĺ
һҪھͷϣģȴַɬۡ
֪˼Ϊȴ֪󣬵һ£ȴҲġ
һһֽģҲһųģ̺Сģֿɰͷ⡣
СӵС֣·˼˵ȥĻ޷Ƴʪ˿Ҳ˲ϡ
Ƹӣ˵úܻȴҲһһ䴫ĶĤ̴ӷֿǴȥѰˣԭҪԶƴ䣬࣬;ḸĹŮҲһһĸҺ˭֪һЩ¡
˵ˡͻȻֹܿɣ˰㿪ڣ϶Ӳ̫ԿʼڲӦöҪҲҲҪ˵ˡ˶٣ᶨظһ䣬˵ˡ
컹˵ʲôû˵ȥ˵ʲô˵Щβ̵ĻĥԷ
£ٴﰵһų£󳹵סһ⡣
ʻ룬ٶԿ˺ܶ࣬ûκ󷢳죬Żһְ֪ѽſˮݵСӣ³һ
չԤϵĺúܶ࣬Ϊᷢ裬ץΪʲôƭǰ˵Ҫģתͷͺͱ˳ɻӣ
Լ衣
̾ϢһͷŻɵһ֪ӣὫ§ڻСӻΪڸ棬ЦСȥĲţĿȴʶǰ·ܸų̽ŵˡ
֪ʻ˶ãƺͣһܿаãٴʻͣ
ƿʱܵɫȻѾˣ̧ۿȥһİŵһϲžˣѾˣǸѰ˽լǳ⣬Ӧǰȫģʱȴ
ĿԱһƣδ
ûзֲԾĵطүȥ£Ϊ·ͻȻСǱҲҾˣ˷ģ϶ôٱץȥ
˿ʶܳٵԾͳһЩ뻹ǽ͵СûжΣʱնչˡ
ԣǲϣ˶ϣ׼ŵĵ̣ҪԿ
ο׼ŵȷʱ䲢ûôշ
׼űѺҲġ
Ҳûžžҵˣүܷˣ˷ģүзִ磬ʦı͵۵֣ôҲҪȴؾֵģģ˵һ룬ž
ΪڣԵ̧չȥñ¾ﱧź˯СԵΪۡ
ɵۣǣɶ
ں֪ʱڲ¥Ǹ˱ǻɶԷǳɲڸķ˺ͺӡ
ԲסΪǾˣѹû룬˲ģӡѵģ
룬ʲôûУһһ˯˵˿϶˵һЩҪĺҪĶ룬һ䣺ҵĺӣǳɲѵġ
㶼£һֱһҲһ±Ƶİȴžȥ᷿ŵԲۣ군ү²Ǹܺˣ
֮䶥ҲҵˡҪˣ
Ҳ֪⵽ǳò˵ԼǰѹٷԼô̵ʱ䣬СԺ岽һϸưŵС
ȫȫסСԺΧ˸ˮйͨ
̾Ϣһ᷿Ѿ¯ӣȻʮһ·䣬ҹҲһȥڸо١
ûãаͷûҶʵʵһӵʳðȳţСӵġѾȥ׼Ժͻ͹
лֹջûҿܿȥˡ
ûθڣ˿϶еæǿһЩȳ̧һӽһùźУẉ̂ѸһСԱš
ΪʱﲻһҵõҵҲȫΣԾŪһͷĸǹܹģҪǻҪģ˾ܷԸȥѰǼ´СӵĻϴԼС߻бġְ˵꣬͵žķԸȴûףôͻȻˣôͻȻ˵ɻͳɻˣүô찡
û뵽Ƕʱ׼ô࣬æ˵Ѿˡ
ɿ뿪
һֱĲɣС˺Ȼˣֶֶֺ˲٣һ˯ˡ
ȴ˯ţһֱȵҹܾĵģȻûﲻһֱ֮ӴԺ󶼲¶ˣ
ڵȵòſһ֪˶ãͻȻһ죬ܵͻȻƿˡ
µĵ£ԼܿԷΣ
ֻŷ紵Ҳһɺܵľһ㶣Ⱦˣ
ܺģҲ֪Էô׼ҵģźҡҡλιԱҲ˵ôںڰֱ
ҲҿڣܺģܸоֱĿ⣬ˣԷΪ˾ƺҲز١
Īڣһڣ㡭
տ˸ͷͻȻڣСƭӡ
˵ίߵζԡ


74 

ǰŵò, ȴû̲סЦһ£ЦԷίˣڰԼܿһ˫, ·ð̹, Ī˸
ͻȻץס, Է¶Ⱥܸߣþʶһ£ȴûѿֹ㻹ܡ
϶ԹսһЩ
û뵽Ƶ³Сӣֻѹĺţû, , , ȥ˯ˡ
֪˵Ļûȥ, ڰﾰҲ飬ֻԼ͸⿴˫, ֱðβŶ
ϵĶȻûɿ
ȻҲûսɿһЩָǿϡ
ŵҲ֮, ĵôȥȾˣ±ץ׼أʲôհѲ˱ˣֵԼӴˣȲ˵Σ׼ҲᵽѰ
û˵, Ȼ
Ϊ⶯һ, ȴûҶ, ¸Ӵֻ̼ŶԷô붢ŻĲ㻹űˡ
ΣСǾ£׻û׳Լһ
ȴǴ˻ϻӣƽʱȻٵģȻ෴Ǹ¨ӣֹ߶߶ߣ㻹˵ҪңҶôģ㶼֪ȴ˵֮ǰϣɵɵôãȢӣӶˣôһӣ˵϶ˣ㻹˵ԼƭӣƭҵĲ˵ͷһš
żʹȴͷһҲֻԲ𡭡
ĻȻֹ̧ͷƺ˵ʲôǾڳûǣôǰͷһھļϾô˯ˡ
æסڶԷŵģж˴룬ҪȻôǵȥɡ
ſϣ˯źʵˣȴǷѡ
ֻӲͷƤȥţİȻպ;һ𣬽˸Ųڵ᷿
ȾٴѾǺҹԺģһǵ빬ʱģһÿʱңով
һн֯һþ˯òȣԼؿѹһʯͷһۣһСӣһſؿڣƳۣ˷ܵػС֣һѹþƺһСڣҪѹ
СȴŲŴչ˾һĿˮſˮݣѧ㣺ѽѽ
ҪӱĶһ٣˲ñģѣһһ㡢Ằˣĺһһٻһ
ô壬Сһֻ֪ɵſˮݣֻǷѽѽС
ȴһͿ̲סСһʹڶͷžߴ˺üڡ
ֻʱŴƿڴϾôƫͷȥ۵׻δɢȥЦ⣬һ˫Ͷ˫ʻľδģð춼ûع
СһϣΪ̫𾪲δ࿴
˿һһСԱȰǰ·һģӿ̳İ㣬۾ȫǾķ档
ʹƭԼǾ˵ٻҲУ̫ˣ̲סٴĹ
Źվžûı飬ֻǺܿϵı飬뵽ҹЩߡĻ̫ڵͿһˣ
кˣѲǲǸҲûϵ
ҪǼģˣҲͿһô磿
Ѿǵҹ£Ե׻ǿ˿ڣԺʱѰģ̫Σ˭Ե㶫ȥһլӡ
˵ת¹뿪ˡ
ֻû˭ƺеԹӶˣԸʱѸٳɻֳҲԸ֪Լġ
˲ͬǸࡣ
źȴûվڻºܾãһͷΪЩۣѾܶûȵôˣ⻹ͷһΡ
˵һǧⶼôݣǸóǳ
ܵİѹû¶棬뵽үԸȥ׼СõĶʱҧгݵֱ£ǰҲûүɫѿز
Ǿү൱
үΪû֡ѹ֮ǰûʲôĸһĹϵ
û취ָ˵ֻӲ롭̫ˣЩң뵽Ҫǰ˵žҲˣǾ͸ˡ
㲻һʱʧү·ǧƵʯͷſרүϺ
СӴϴʱ˴ãҲ²鵽Ϣ
λϣǺһȴû
ֻӲͷƤڸһϴǰ¶ϴģǲôֱү֮ŭ
ղ¥º󣬲˱Ѫʱͻش󽫾⽫õϢ˷˳šһʱзߵõϢ˷⽫ͳС빬Сʱͷ˿ڣӦǱˡճµҹС˶˸׳죬ҹѰ˺Сӵ䣬ֻǶûѰ
¼ȷλɲѳСӦþҪѰĹʦ
Է˴Ž֮⣬ƺаһЩˣµò˶ãʦͻµүҵǵڡ
Ͼδ˲࣬˵ʵСﲻǵĵ̣ܶϸڲһܲصʵ¶ܾͻᱻʦѰ
˵һУҲûõشֻӲͷƤ뿪ڣҲò˵ĻپǾ˵¡
ĴǳСǰһˣǰʱչˡһֱڴʵǳСҡǰžûˣ˵λ˰ǰѲһӺ󡭡ѲûˡҲѲλӳˣҲơ
λ˱ȻţΪŮװţһֱȻᣬڵȵţǰһĻ
ãһֱûڵڳƣϵĴ߬ţֱԼܿŭ˭
һʼû˭֪µͷøˣܡǲ鲻
ʵǻǹʦµһ壬ָǹʦ˾ˣʦ˵ĹƾˣֻǻûʼƻͱүżѸһˡ
⻰ǲ˵»Ͻ͡
ڰ˵ʲôʱ򣬾ĽŲСӿЦԼоº͵
һ̸ۣˣھ˹ǰѾʧ
ӸŰ˴żǰһ̧˽ȥһ̧۾Ͷͫʡ
ãոһ·ϵ׼׼ˣӦʽ棬ҹû֮ǰжҲ塣
һôƼʱٴμˣò˵˲١
źһСֵһһӸӡ
ʱѾһƫͷߣŰɡ
Ӧ̧Խż˼һǰһǰǾΪýһ
СӱھſھͷǸպ󣬴ͻȻ棬Ĵ۾ôͻȻ֪ôСһţ͸ץһī
ûƣԸоƺһ£ͷۣȴֻƤüôˣ
ΪǴǰߡ
ȾͷһתȥŰͷߵСһ̲סǰСС쵰һ
۵ĴУ˫;۾ٲԸţɻ̲סָζŪһ£һʱ᣺ôͲ;ĺأ


75 

ǰȴû, վһԵϾֻǿˣĵ
󲻶ɫԼͷСȳ, ڶ, žС, ſڵ֪ܳʲô˸̣ȴպźһЩլѾ
⻰һ㶣һһʵѾʮ£˵ֻа꣬Ϊ±¶, ׼˽լʱѾûˡ
˷ֲСӵ, Ÿʮ², Ͼֻĸ, Ǿϵһ𡭡
ǿ˿ڣﻹǲ, ƽʱԼտġһһҲ̫ϲӴİˣᡭ¡˵һ֣̲ס͵һ۶󣬸պÿһС
ͷ, СҲСȥԼŻͷЬСѾ죬иոͷġ塹, ൱Ķɵ, ³һˮݡ
šžડһˮ, ڼջĿ⣬˾һۣ˵
ҲΣСӸ죬Ӽãƽʱ޲֣ԵòУҲ֪˭
ͿһһһƽʱҲǺ̶һЩЩ㹻ˣרοҲױ¶
ϾרȥֻҪ׼Ǳһ̽׾ͻ˳ҹ
Ϊ׼Ǻ˵²ģȥ¥ҲǴ֮ǰ̽һϢպײ󣬷ʡ鷳
׼ѡ϶
󿴾Ѿʼһֱŵ̿ʼιСӺȣ
Сһһڲȥеעϡ
Ѿһʱ䣬¶ȸոպãֶֶֺһСҪҪǾȵģһֻֻҰС֣ʱһˡ
Сһ̰ԣÿκȶһβʣҲɣͷԣֱԵöӱģ˸òźٺٺ¶С˵ֱСӡ
룬ǶǣҲ̲סЦӸ죬̲סεɵģҲ֪˭
˵ȴһ㶣Ϊ̫רעԱ߻ˣǱȥûţһֱƺڳ
ʱѾ飺ͱˣв١
ҡͷѾˣЩʱٺȣʳι
󲻶Щӣû˵˿ʼš
׼ʳ٣ȴźóһҲ֪ôµģóζʱñȱԼСವһ̧ͷ
ζĴҿֱĴ۾ǰͷϣ᲻ƿĿˡ
֪ȱҲ֣һֱһֿʼš
ҹԳʳóںõģһ̧ĵط
ҹ˲پƣʱҲˣʼԣֻճûڣܸоһдڸеϡ
ѭĿ⿴ȥͶСӺƵĴۣ۰Ͱͳ΢죬¶СĿˮƺǡ
üСһ¿ˮ󿴹¶һЦݣκһζ飬С֣ѽ
ʶԣͷһȥı飬ͿһϽӲ˲룬ɴཫת泯š
СӱԲܿӳԲҲ̲סѽѽ
ͷһСôʵʱ̲סţֻСθĹִССţίȦͨͨģѽѽ
ҲˣҪ͵ȳ꣬ȴųȥҪȻӲǰԶʱҲûСô
ǰ׼˽լʱǰΪӿζ嵭ΪϰߺûĹ
էȻһɫζȫζԵôʳﻹСͷһŵ
ֻǾ߻û֪ʱˣӣȳԡ
ɡ󱧣ˣүȳ԰ɣ˵Ҳû
ü̲ˣ㱧ҾͱãǵҶСʲô
ĿĿ⣬ͿһҽүҪپܾŪǲһ
ǽţָôѧõǿ죬ӻǶûʲôֿϣֻŤͷȻ̲סȥһӺóԵġ
ܿѧ˾ͿʼСߣСƲȦһҪޣһѧСʱʱӣֱӾСһɣСӶʱסˣ
һ䣬һɡ
Ҳһţ֣
ȻСӱ֮󣬱źĴۣܿעתˣ̲סЦСǳһţСڿҵţٷɷɡ
߾ٸֱߣ˳Ťͷȥԣ
Ŷ˷ССڵС̲סһᣬȻСһƽʱҲɵ֣ô˻ͷһΡ
Ժ˵Ҫȡȡ
ӻͦһס
ڰİľսģ
ĬĬſϾôԼҹҪɱ˵үʱ򡭡ڴӣġͦã
ס
µʳ˳Եĺܿ죬̾ȥ󣬵ȥӵʱ򣬷Сﻹͦ뿪üСûģģ𣿡
Ǿٸ߸߷ɷɷҲ
ֻ⻰һŹ㶽ӹСӣȴӷ£ź֪һ죺ǰҲСûĵġ
̲סŻ˷ܻСֵСһ̲סͷ˲䣬СΪ棬СڵøˣҲѽѽòֺ
ùţһ˾Ҫʼ׼תƣֻǸʰöۺѾ˯ŵС
߳ʱͻȻû˼£ȴǶһ£漴ͣ
һ㶣ֲԤУÿһǣȿǰһסȥ·ĻΪ׵һϮɫۣϵ߸ԼʶȺãþͬʱͬߵĮǰھǰ
׼񷢳ǰʶĶ뵽ԼôõˣֻΪôһξ䵽ĲŭҪǰˡ
׼ŴӵõͲµԷҲֻþôĸԸӾôˡ
뵽С̵ȥôһֱԼ࣬ȥ뻹һִٳɵ档
ԭѾˣþôžС
̵һĻǳˡ
׼һԽ󣬿񣬸һȥ
Ϊ˵ݣƽʱڸҲӳƺԷ֪ǹ⻹ǹ⣬溰ôǵĳƺ
ʱµɫΪƣ׺ݶ׼ţȥҵˣƾʲôߣ
׼ųһԼ侲ôͳˣⲻһԸˡΣͲԼķһһ⣬ٳ׹⡣
ϣò˵Ǳ׼˷ιӣŭЦ㡢ҡ
ľǣûС


76 

׼ŵĻüͷ, Ȼû뵽׼Ż˵ⷬ
׼ӦĿǰ˵Ψ֪ӵˣһԼһǴ, һ׼, νҲ, Ȼˣνһһ⣿ٳ
οƾʲôҪ׼ܣƺûô졣
Ҫһ㡭׼ǲˣ֮־棬ȫǰ׼͡
ʹĸԸУһʱûܶ
׼ŵĻ, ְ̧γ彣, ɭһƬ, ŭ⾪, һžҪԷһ
ȴʱ˿ڣСǲ, ҵ£ֲ㿪ڡ
ĮκθĻųԭڸͷϴߵһµʱҰһƬ
Ҳû뵽Լ˵ôһ, ǹģ˵Űʹ죬ǿŭǿ⼫ˡ
δ˴󲿷ֶĸ, ҲĻᱩ¶, 뿴ģ, 뿴ʹ࣬һ㡭ܾ尾
ɾĻһˮȻ׼ŻһƬ
ʹǵ֪Լǵĺˣιҩá
ʹʱ򾰳Ҳûô˵˵Įķ·֮˵ϻİ˶硣
׼ֵָ񡭡
ڹ˴ο׼ŵĵ̣ٺãҲˣСҲʱڹ󸮡뿪ˣ˵Сǽ뿪ˣСҪΣ׽ҹ鰸ַ˺£Сʲôߣ
ΪʲôֻߣΪ쵽ģҲԡ׼ɽ޷磬ûһ¡
뵽ȥǹʦʱԷΣº͵ЦݣһֶǼٵ
𣿡
һ仰бȴ׼ɫҰֽǲǣʹ֪ܿѡڲᣬﻹǺǲǣ
׼ǰ㣺ҵʱֻǡɼΪ
Ϊνɼ˵ɡǰЩɣҲСҵһ̣ǾͲˡʹҽ㵱ѣٺҲˡյΪ볹׳Ϊǣν
Ȼ̬ȣĹ϶Įܼһ仰ǷҪôǾվߣΪС
˵仰ܾó棬Ϳ׼Ų˳ۣοεĿıҪץʦȥܷ˿ڣҲ͵˵ꡣ
ԽüͷԽ
׼ʲôˣþϧԸ׼ٵѣ
뵽׼ŸոտνʲôһһٳէȻʱ̫ŭͷ
侲ȴɫڳµʲôˣ˵뿪ǰ˸˵ҪתͷȢӣ
˵Ȼǰû´׼ǹ˾Ů˺в
ˣⱲӶûһŭúúõľô׼Ÿˣ
ۣ;С뿪ˣºúú׼㣡
׼ûע⵽ߣųľȻز٣Ҫ㣿
ȴûٿڣȻԸٴ׼š
׼սӲŶĿӵģһ̾˺飬ɻ̲δ
׼ſˣԷΪ˾׼źݺģȷþһ󣬼ʹٺãߣǾ
ȭѵ֣һ֣һˣɡͬģҲߡ
׼һ޷ѡ뾰ΪУ޷󾰳õԶĻ棬ҧһ֣
漴һֵתɿȥֻʻһξ뻹̲סͷ
ôģദʱ⣬һжôܰΪǼֻҪἰѾȥˣҲֻ࣬Ҫܽ߾ͺãɽЩ
ٲģҲǽʱ
ʦ뿪ҲûϾǵҪȻ;˺СӣֻүҪˡ
Ҳû취ǻͣ˲ġ
ʱ׼ţתǰȴûÿ㡭û°ɣ鸴ӣȴʱһԼƲסȲѯʵô£
ǲǱ׼ݺӣ
뵽ûþջûƿ
һֱĶµ׼ˣʱէȻ
뵽ո׼ŵĻԽС־½Сӣû£ȸ·ɡ
ӣ
һ·ల£ֻһ˼죬Ǹĸӡ
ѰլѹҲΣլӺ滹һͨɽϵССͨһطΣ뿪
Ϊɽ£լǰһƬӣҲ
һ·ҲˣСҲе޾ɵģ˵طȰæһ̣ȷιֱͷСӺ꣬ٺ˯֮󣬲һֱû󣺡үأ
飬뵽үǰѹûҿڣү¹ʦкУԴĴ̽һ̽Щʱͻˡү˵ˣˣȴСЪϢһ
ȷˣҹ˯ò̫ãʱҲﲻʲôæֻܾ鷳СȥЪˡ
ֻǱֻһСӣ̫ˣҲ̲סſ˯ˡ
ھһƬ¾ʱѾװŰ˹˶Ǳ׼ŵ˽լҹ׼ٴһƣ˹ʱͱš
׼ŴҲû뵽Ӵô˾ȻҴ˶ֲֻóöƫƫǸٶֵģΨһܶӰҲֻеһιơ
ɺɹȴûã׼߿ΪӦûܶӰ쵽
ҲΪˣ׼ŲĶ֣һձýֱָš
ҹɫµһſ䣺׼ţ㵹Ǻñ£ˣ˵ˡ
׼ۣ°ܽ㵱ΣɱҸ𣿡
Цһɱ㵹Ǳ㡣ɱ˳͵ۣҪ꾩ܳ͡
׼ἰ͵ۣµɫ䣬ҧǲȥأ
Ѿеɲ㡣
׼ʲôЦôб£ôĻ֮һץˣ֪Ļ֮˭𣿡
Ĭüͷβ׼֪֮
׼žթ𣿡
ҲҪĵԭ򣺡ʥŮںδ
׼űѾָٴ͵رſ󣺡㡭Ȼ֪㻹֪ʲôô֪ģ
䵭˵׼ţ֪Ӧǳ͵۵ĹѪ֪֮ɱ͵õǰذסǵȵ۵ġ
׼𵱳ڹ֪һеĻ棬ͻȻ͵Цãи㻤úúõĸףȻʱʱҪܵ͵вɵ׺úûأΪԼѪΪԼһǶԵģɽҲǳͷβЦұɱԼһжǰͣĳ𡭡ƾʲôܣ
üĬҲҪҵʥŮԭܶ˵Լ³ʥŮΪԼӿµ¡
ɱȴֿɺ޵ˣ汾꾩
׼Ѿָ侲ҵĵϣôһô׾ٱܣ
仰һ䣬ͻȻһƬڰϷͷʲôͬʱϢʮˣ̳ӿ
üһǰ׼ǰѾʧ׽ѾʧȻ
ڵʱģߵСѾˣȥˣֱһײͷ
СӺ˺壬һһСùţû
ӿϲȥץˣ̲ס뺰ʸʱȴǻˡ
ǻʱϴ裬ϻרŻһɫǳĽۣһʪˮʱɫͣǸո˴һ̵ģ
ɿһۣȷȷû²ɿ
һźУôû˯Թ˼Ȼû˯ҳһЩɡ
˿źֿ˿ҲƫͷȥСӣ뵽ϵ龰ȳ԰ɡ
뾰һԣСӣ鸴ӣѾʼŽСӡ
֪Ǳ׼Ÿ˲ӣʱֻʣĵİ
ûסΪҵЩԹ˾
Щ嵭ЩĲˣҳһЩһһЩ˵
СӵһµҪ˵ʲôӦûһһĸ£һ⣬Ǹ˹ȥ
źзϣȴδóʵҲûθڣѰڡ
û˵ֻСӲѽѽھ泯ſˮݡ
Ĭãȿ˿ڣԲ𡣡
һ㶣
Ӧ͵ġʱ̫Ϊƭң˭֪Ҷ֪ˣһ·ܿˣҶԲס㡣
ǣ㶼֪ʲôˣԲʲô
һͻȻ濴žһ˵ꡣ
ֻǵ򾰳СӺĴۣڸʵ̫ߣɴִ̧ƵסСӵۣ߻ΪԼ棬ЦСץסĴ֡
ȴǶž˿ڣҶ֪ˣ㱻ҩŲһһⶼԸģҲһһĸʲôǣ׼úӿ㣬ôô˵¡ЩԸҲΪܵ϶ԹǣЩһһĴǰҲûƭң˸ҵĶģ㵱ʱǴ㿼ҵģôȻûˡǰ˵ҵĻ㻰𣿡
һ꣺
ʶʲô


77 

Ϊһȫԭ, ôҲ벻󲻽ԼԲˣԼһ·ϵľԲôҲ˵, ԼѾԲˡ
ͦ͡׵ġ
ƫƫ˿󶨶ڴķ, ֱͫ, ֪ǲʱ̫谵ǰʱģԭ뿪˵ԼʱֻزĻѣЩԴ˿̵󣬾һֶ޷˵ڡ
֪ǲԼˣȻô˿̴ŲԼŬƤͰڴģôһ˲侹Ȼ˷˴ǰСӡ
ʹ, ɤӣ㡭ҡȻġ
ⲻôһ仰˵ͬʱ, ȻȻ, , ·һ̸һͿ
ȴʵˣԼĻ, ѹûΡ
˿Ҳֲôģңѹֲ˿̵һЩ, ǲܶһЩ
󿪿ǰͿһƫͷ˵Ļҵʱ˵ǿǿǣֱֲҪô, 㡭ֱܱ
⻰, ȴֲ֪ôڡ
һ, ȴҪȥֲ
ĪԺƭ
þգѾѰʱǧ򱶣ҶǾͿǿǣҲż
Ͼ˱ƼˣһǶǣɾˡ
ο
ֵֻֽСצģС֣ӣһһֻмŵСЦ۾ŲһյĹѾİûκεִ
ҲǰС˳ƱСӹԹԱţȫԼ׵ˡ
۵׵ЦοС֣СӵĻѾĵãŶӣҲλġ
СӺס
ԭиûģ˿һһС׽ģĪ̲סҲ䴽ЦԼû۵繣Ǵδй顣
߹ϵǢһߴ˽լ׼ɫ̫ãȻ˴һλʧ˲ˡ
ӻûкΪġĸ˺ԷҲ֪ʱԳ͵ǰ˵Ƿ
ﻹΪһֻ֪ǽһ˻ʱΪ常ıӻʱǰȫġ
ٲ֪ԷڹǾãȻǰҲû˶֣Ȼڳйò̫⡣
ôҲ벻Ȼ˱ҲֶԸΪ˱Ծ֣ŵҵ
뵽һжΪ˱µģ׼һɭҪҹΪһ塣
ϻڵЩѾΣӻδãЩߵЩΪ˽ģû뵽ˡ
һҹȴ˲١
ĸǰϥصҩӣˣͿҩɡ
׼ûôһᵽеѪζֻΪǰȲδ֣˿ǰĽҩ뵽ϵ˿ڶǰͣ߬ȭͷΪʲôʶǰذף
δἰʱΪֻһͨذס
ȻһЩʱеעڳ͵۵ϣΪʱɱ˳͵Ǵñ
˭֪ӳһ̣ǳӣǳ︴һС
ǰذ׾Ȼǡȵ۵
ĸϸ룺ǳȵ۵ĳ֪ٲȻӦòϳҲϳ
׼ܾԼʲôϵʹʱעʼЩʹԺһ˽լʱĳ󡭡ͻȻü̧ۣüᵽ˳ʥŮô֪ʥŮģ
ΪСΪԼǳȵ۵Ź£һʼ֪ȵǰݹصķޡ
ΪΪ²Ǵ£ɡô֪ʥŮ£
ҪҶԷ˵ֻΪȵǰذף֪ǳʥŮģ
ǡ֪ȵʥŮĹϵ뵽Ϊȵ۱ɱ͵۵ģֻгʥŮ
ɵ£ٵ֪࣬˳ȵֻеʱȵ۵ĸɲ֪ܽ
νǣѰ꾩ǡȵۼݱΪϢ̫ʹ
ǲɲܽ뿪꾩ֻϧҲΪɲܽΪ˾ˣҲܽ˴꾩
ҲΪԭԺҵɲܽײϣԼܽŸӲ˱Ϊ˱ܽĶ飬Щ꣬һٶܲ˱ĸҪ
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Щܲ˱ô£
Ȼ˻ѣ˵̴뿪꾩̫ӣŶʮһ
ǡʮġ
ʱ䣬ô꾩ٻ
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ǳĺӣµĺĶ
׼Լ侲ͷβȥ룬ͻȻĸΪǸ뷨ˣ
֪ȵ۵ô٣˳ԼԼѹʵĳȵۣǾֻвɡ
Ӧľ˳ģЩԲɵ޶ôã˻ѣɵ겢Ǿġ
ǡǡ
ĵ׵Ǹͷ֮ʱĸҲ˿ڣӣڳԪ꣬ꡭӦжʮꡣ
׼ųԪĸ֣̲סЦǾǳȵۼݱһ꣬ôôɣ
ǳﵱǽи˲ɣɳǰֽӽ֪˺ӵ
ܽ͵ͨΪʲô֪ȵ۵¡
ɸָ
ǵǸӣɾԵ޹ʸ£ǰй²ò̹ס
լõ徻ȴæ飬ۺʱţһլ
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ֳˣʱ򾰳ѾȽСӺ˯ô˯ˣԼж²ˣɴ۴š
ȻԼᵽ̫Ũҵľζ
üôȾˣǳȥ̽Ϣ
һɿ½ûȥʲôүƺˣòᡣ
ʱѾҡҡλվã˰֣û£ȥ˯ɣһˡС
ü룬ȰŹغãǰסȥͷѾ
ﻹҴϽӦˣ¾˵ºڡԼүĺ¡
Ҳģܶǰס᷿ڡ
Զʱ뿪һҲû£͵䣬ȵ˴ǰҪ˷ȥʱ֪̫˻ûվȣˤڴʱպһѾҲ
Ҫüͷۣܡ
ûٶ̧ͷҪȥֻΪոնԷĶպôڶԷϣʱ֪ʶԡ
ɻǳʪģսᣬһŨľζᣬζ˺ܶ࣬뵽ĳֿԣˡ
˭ȾֱӺϷĵطζûôأ
ֲøոǰ˵ܵô죬Լôģ˵ܵϷװ
ûߺ˵ͷۣʵҪҰͷ
ȻȻۣá
һۣԼ˵õģȻͲˡ


78 

ûװҲ, Ȼ֣Ǿûôˣԡ
Ϊݵ, ۵׵¶һС
ԸйҲ, ܸо˵Ҫͷ, Կúܽ
ܸоԷӰӴϣڵסȻ۾ȴܸ֪һЩֺƽȡ
ƫƫˣᵽԷϵϢ, ΪСӴþ, ÿιԷ, ҲԾЩ㡣
ܵ, ɻ۵Ѭ㣬ԼԼϵľ, оԼûȾȴȻˡ
̽ʱûסΣֱһΣ˫Ϊ˳סֱӳ䲻ⰴϡ
һ·, ȴоĵ¶ȣԭΪװ˿ȫװ
⻹㣬Է֪ҪȴƫƫæҲ䷨, ҧ, Լװ, ҪȻԼʱֱӰڻˡ
Ҳֺ¡
ھֱ˿Ҫʱװѹ
ûǸͻȻȥͷԴǰһֱ
ƺһܿǸùŵģүүû¶ɣ
ô죬ֻܼװܡ﷢߽
һصһڼ򣬵ֻѰͷҲ̫أֻĥ˵Ǿְܿͷ
СָĲһ࡭
ͷƤһ飬оѪҺ·ԳʱƺʲôվңȻˣӦȺȵˮүţȥ㵹
ʲôˮֻòӶĵطһ鼡·ҪǸطʼӵȫǱ֡
ֻһ̣ٴλʱһŽˮֱһǡ
ʱͷƤһ飬㵱
Ӳסϵıʱȴɤүˮϴ˰ɣôҪٰүǼΣ
ҪʱûֲԾʮ׻ˣһʼͱˡ
붯뵽ոϵ֣ʹţҲ֪Ǹǳͷ
ǽϵͫʶŲԶľεôֵģ
ȴڲ֣ü´þƻطһֵʪ
ոþƵؿڣȻһҪɱˡ
ȻˣɴͿͷװȾˡֻûˡ
Źֱ֣ת𣿵װҲġ
ŸպÿѾʱ̲סڵҾûȱһζ
㶣ȱʲô
ͷҲûأ
ûôҪˣѾҲ䰡
ȴˣڰǰĬĬϣסĳЩ˵λá
Ѿ˹ҲûֲԾүҲ̫ҪӻǶôࡣ
ŶãǣȥЪ˰ɡ
ºźˣ²̫Ȼ󣬻Ȼ࣬ɻȥǣ
ˣԽԽˡ
Ϊ˭
׼߻Ϳʼ飬˽Ҫ飬Ҫˡ
ڹ˶ȻҲãʱûкͳ˺常ܻ
һᱻɱ˳͵۵ִȥ꾩
ȴģʹǳҲ
ҲԸ⣬ԣҪϢͳס
µģǵｫӽ֮Ͳ֪Ϊɷֿˡ
ɽӽ³ﲢ
ЩҲһζûȥ꾩Ҳûἰ£ɱ͵۵ʱһġ
֪ĹѪȻôֱ뿪ǷΪµۡ
ܲ鵽ǣϢڹ˶վȡ
ϾЩǼʶķ񣬸οҪùƶʱҲģԷûԡ
ֻϧƶûЧҲûס
׼ԭΪǳǹϣɺ룬˵Ϊ⡣
Ϊʵ⣬¹ƶδãѹ󲻽û£Ҳû¡
δ׼Ų˱ٴѪء
˱ϴ˵òᣬȻõҽҽΣÿòϴ󺰴лϺúúҩ±ȻصǲεĲǷԽԽá
׼Žʱ֪ԼҪˣѾϰˡ
Żôã˶Ҳͷ
׼˽ȴȥ˹̫ҽԺԵƫ
սȥ洫˱˺ѷεĿ޺˵ԼۣĿۣۣͷˣԺ᲻Ϊзϡ
׼߽ϸİ׼ľݲһĻͼΡ
ǰСʱΪԴԴףԼĸ׵׹⣬Ϊʲôĸ׷Բ˱˸á
ʱô˵ģ˵ڿĥΪ竣ǰ竵ӡ
˱һǲɵŸӣܽΪ˾ĸˣ²ϺͲ˱¶ĸҪúչǡ
׼ˣˡ
֪׼ž÷ԭһƭġ
˵ĶǼٵģĶӣǡ
νĥ¶ʺ̫Ӱ
˵úʵϣǱĵá
׼ž֪ŵƿƹ磬ŷôڴǰҩ룬Ų˱ʹӺݻŮü۾·绪ƽʱĮü۴˿ģϸĺŴϵˡ
һԣᰴ۽ǣһԡ
֪ģΪǲĸӣֻǸˡ
ͷһ׼ȴԺͻȻһ˼ͷš
ǰⳡȴôѹס
˵ԼΪ˱ǲɲܽŸӲŶôãܽΪġ
ǵǸӣºԵʻӡ
ɴߵǸҲôʧˣ֪ļ١
ԳҵϺͲ˱ʱ򡭡
׼¿ͻȻͻȻˣ׳ﵽҪʲôˡ
Ϊ֪Цò޷ơ
һ̺尡ƭԼԼɳȵ۵ġ׹⡹˸ĳޣΪĵɱ˳͵۸
ǽΪġӡĺúõġ
ΪɲܽĺӣǸӡǲ˱ɣ
ڲϡ˵ҵʱĸøΪģڴܵ衣
ɾʱˣǿǹ׹⡭
뵽˱ҲǶʮġ
ɳﲻϧմ⽫ýʥ裬Ϊ˳ھ󹬵ĳһ̴찡
һߴϻڳΪΪʼһɱĸʢ硣
һߣΪȨƣɱ˳͵ۣ뱱ڤܾˡ
ȹ˳ֻģôڤ˳˵ᾡ֡
Ὣеһж͵˱Ϊġ׹⡹
ԭĿģһУԭȻֻΪ˲˱
׼üŮӣЦ֪Լһƭ𣿶ǰ˷ĸˣϧһлȨƣֻΪ˸·
𣿿ɱ
׼еڲ£ͻȻˡ
һˣҪгһյȳ֪ͬǵ·ʯϧŪӡ·ȴʱģ
ǺȤɡ
ڷ׼ţеı飬ѹԸⶼˣץ˱˶ץǷ𣿡
׼ŴۣԷ̫ã̫ץ
⣬룬һ˱ߵ󣺡ô£
׼ŵѰץһ꾩
ɫȻˣü񣺡һ塣
׼ɣǰϻģѰ죬Ҳ֪
׼ţ뵽˱ʹģӻקһӸ׼ţʮ֮ڣҲҲˣ
׼ܵǧ˾ƣЦˣá
ȻҪץ׼ţ˶̫࣬δֲ룬ɴ˻ȥٴ˹׽׼š
׼ŻŽΧʱѾܴӺɽƵž뿪ˡ
׼ǧ˽ɽͷΧˮйͨʱһ߳Զ
һߣǰߣһжܵ͵ͨȴһӦȫ
һŲ˹Ķһһĳˣүλȥרŵүίһ
ɻ󿴹ȥί˵ˣһһҡ
˵꣬һ£˵÷̶˵һһվȥЦÿġ
˳պʵһһɵ˵öԲԣСһһ᲻øɵǲǣ
һһֻв˹ģֻ˳Ƶͷѽѽ
ҪҪôͳɸɵˣ
⻹㣬Ѳ˹ҪСʱ˽̺ССһץ˷ֱܵţһһٵģѽѽ
һסˣҲסˣ漴¶һЦݣḶ́
ãֱһҲʡˡ


79 

ӹ˶߹Ҫʱ䲻, һ·Сһһֵģ˵Ҫܿ׼ŵ׷, ȴҲ˳
ֻʱϲӻ߸Ҫ¶
ν, СһһС, ϲסջǻᾡѡڵĵط
뿪ʱѾʮһѮѾʮ·ݣٶȿһЩӦܸϵ߹ء
Сһһһ·Ѿܺ˳ͰĴģѹûɡ
ֻСһһ˵ҡ
þε, ʼСһһһ, һ·϶ʱʱСһһ
, ɺ, 
Ҳ֪ô̵ģȻôСһһֵܷ塣
³쾰һȻһݸȴûȥǴһ·˹ȥ
Ǳ߻ʱ۲ܵĶ, Ϊ׼Ŵ˴˳ǣǸɴͲ롣
֮ѰһЪϢ˵, ȥܿĴ֮⣬Ƿֳ䣬, պܵס硣
洩Ŵ면Ŷ, Сӹʵʵ, ԱֽɡڵǿʼƮѩ
ɫ̫ÿ뵽׼ŵˣҲþͺ
ɲɵģǻѩ
ȴνҶʲôֲû¶ֻҪ治ѩҲˡ
󱡴򣬸ŶžüֻֻۣǲǸܿࡣ
϶νģϾһڱ߹أɱѶˡ
ʱ첻߲Ҳеġ
֪ôģͷҲǰܳȥµӦڵĶַˡ֪ģѡ֪ȴ̲ס֪
룬һЩ̽̽ڷ磬ڵĶ񵽵ʲô̶ˣֻ߾ߵſڣͻȻ춯ͬʱаȻ𣺡ʲôˣ
ͬʱס˻ڻܲ͸磬ĺҲӿ𣬾
׼ŵˣ¶ԷһĴ˵
ܿ߳үǴ̿ͣһү
ȻŶ˵жϣŵüͷиȻûɾ衣ǰѹԷүӦûΣա¼һ飬ͷֻһһСˣϵ岻̫ã˲ûڴŵĺӣֻ꣬ҲǸвġ
˵ָоǿǺӵһ۾֪Ǹģ̫á
ҲΪСӵԵʣΪС԰ѵö˼䡣
˼ЩֻҪûΣգùܡģǱܿǵλЪһ
ȥˣž̤Ȼô˵ǲģþȴ̧ڼ䡣
ȽȥԶԶͿĽһһСˣΪη壬˽űСģԽƾɵĲ²ҿ
ϹƾɵްͷȫףǱСǸɾһЩ簵˵ģ岻̫ãһ۾ܿĲá
Сݣɫɫ촽ɫҲģС˶ǳۻġ
ܿջشĿ⣬˵˵ͷתȥþǽ
˱СɿǵġǾͺǾͺá
ɻ裬ЩһǸǲ
ҿС³ᷳһѩؽүϳȥûˡ
󽫱źӵľӭʧˣǾժ¶ŵСһһ
СһЦԭһֱڵĴЩȣ˿СһץСԴ̽Сģ̾˿һƵСģ
ûס۵״ЦС̧֣۶ϲԶүº͵ͷѩ߶ˣֻЪһҹߡ
˶Ͼüۣ۵׵Ĳʧ룬ֺЦЦ˿
ǵĲҲûڣǶүμûȥš
ܿ˻̣ĶܿʰһӼ׵ķ䡣
Ϊط󣬵ûռٵطҲûӰ쵽Ƕү
ʳܿСҲˣȻûȴǰֱ۰ͰͳŹµµɢ̣СһһģСģþС
Сһһͷ¶һɵЦѽѽ
ٵȵȾͺˡ
СһһˣֵͷͰͳţˮ
СӵʱԸо߿̧ͷȥͿԶڲүҲǰĹð
˻ãûҶ࿴ССôŴţֻǲ޲֣ڵͫǶݵϸĿ
ֻǶߣҲ顭ƺе㲻̫ԡ
ϾԼ֣ɺô˸˻Сȴһ㶯ûС
Ǵֲ²⣬ȴҲûѯʴ˼˿ڡ
ڲﺢӵĿ⣬۵ĲУ룬ִӻںӲıӣһС飬ˣȻݵСߡ
Сͷͷ˿ˣˡ
ιڶȴҡͷˣֱԼһιοϳԡ
޲־ǲһȴ֮ǰĲ²ⲻ̫һѵֻ̫ˣ
үģþﲻ̣һԵ
ﲻ֪϶Ƕүӡ󲻴ȴΪһֱֻðЩʳȥ
˿͵ǰĳʳ£ܾ뵽ֻʣôһĳʳԿԣºӰס
պȦлĳʳŹ˼ŻиСһ̡
²ɿպʱ̷һЩעСϡ
ùţܿ౧С˯ˣ˯ԶһЩࡣ
Ϊ޾Ҳû⣬˻ѣȻȻѩůĺܿ˯ˡ
ֻû뵽ҹѩµ̫С·ȴǲˣֻա
רȥ֪˶߶գҹ˶ݣмοﱾҲǵĵطֲ⣬ססöС
ѩȻûͣʱ򣬾ʱﶺСӣͻȻ洫һʹӣôˣүү
ɫ΢䣬һһڻÿ͸ӣͿѾǰΪסʱǱߵ
ܿ찵˵Щʲôüͷ壬ӻ֣򾰳С岻̫Ծһֱ߬ؿڣ촽ѾϣˣǶԼļ
ѾӺһһ󣺡ȥǴ򣬲һС޶ԡ
룬ûţֻΪ׼ŵ²κˣԽŹȥһиһҲ
˹ÿ˱СŻˣȴֲ֪ô죬ֻ޴룬ʱ򾰳ŷƺܶһֱ
˰Ѻӱýģ˼ңǴҿ𣿡
˱ѾոЩ˾ȾȺӣ뵽ҹôûãЩҲǴ򣬿϶Ҳû취
˿һ䣬۾ϣĹ⣺Ⱦ⺢ӣͷȥҲа
˵žҪͷȲ㣬ˤڵأס
һɿСҪˣϽúӱ˹ڵϡ
Сۣ˫߬ؿڣʶĳ鴤ţȻûκ죬ҧ촽ѾϣǺ
ȥССʶۣģǸ侲裬ֻǵȶϾº͵üۣ±ۡ


80 

˳סС, һ飬üͷø̾Ϣһ, ܿװҪȥԱҩصӺ
ڵϵͳһһöҩ, »صСԱ߾ҪιС¡
˱ʶֹ, ݵЩҲܶʲôֻһ·ܵٶ⣬ŷ־ٶ˸Ͻջ֣˵ʲôλ˲û⣬Сҩ²ɿ
˵עҲС, СĿ۶, ȴҲû̫ϣ, ϾѰ˺ö˵û, ҲһЩбµĴ˵̥Ĳ⺢ע
ֻǾιСҩû, Сԭؿڽ߬С־ɿˣԭϵ촽Ҳ˲٣ȻȻŲɫȴûǰôˡ
˾ϲ, û뵽ҩ边ȻЧôã˫᲻סͷлһԵİܿá
СƽСΪո̫, СѾ˯ˡ
Ÿмҵ, Ȼ̻ǿڵ˼, ҩʱֻܻⲡ飬ܸΡ
ɫһף뵽ǰĻҲûϣȻȴǺЦŵܰæȹѹѾǴ⺢ӡ̥࣬ġ
Сһʱû˵
ע⵽飬ͷһͻȻһһŵȻС˾еעһһ˵һЩעصӺ
Сһһ˸ǷȴЩˣܿСӾ˯ˡ
ҲŽӣһԿСӣȺ̲סȥߴۣĽëס۵еƺڷ
ŲȥҲû˵ֱע⵽ߵˣôˣ
ü˵ôˣôˣ
û˵
ȴ̲סǰסļ˳þʱһ˵ӣϸ֮»ܿ⵲һ£ѹ㷢ʲô裿
ȴǲ⣺ƹֻ´¿һӰӣʲô
Ҳûһۡ
ʵʵջ֣ⲻǸѵþ˶һ£ⲻ˳ƺúðοοˣ
û뵽ˣһ죬̫Ȼƫͷķǵ˭ˣ
ҲգȤԽǷϣԽ˵
Ȼ񻹲Ѿϲ񣺡ǣûңû̥Ķ뵽ڵĶ˭ʵⲻ̥ģǺ챻µĶء
ǰӲڣȴһ㶣죿
֪ԼȻĴΪⶾ̥ģʵϲǣǺ͵۲µĶ
һ˵壬ĸݱȽر𣬲ǴԵǰ㡣ⶾǸճûñ͵µģҸѡ˵ĽһǲξЩ˵һʱ壬οҲþ
û뵽͵۶һӶµȥ֣ɫѿó͵úãˣҲǺˡ
ԼڵĶ֪û취ⶾ֪ѾѰ취ֻʱղ֣ûµġ
ĻɣҲ˵嵽Լ
Ŀ⿴ò̫ڣ𣿡
תƻ⣺Сʲô̫ã
뵽ող鿴µ׻ʱ̫ãױҲŴ࡭̥ľͲ̫ãԵļ
һ㶣Ȼû뵽о𣿡
ʹѰ죬Сǿ޲֮ҲӰ졣ȻܰСȴǲУǲûдôҩ
ȻܴϵͳһȻСȴҲ뱩¶Լ
ԲðȻֻ֣ܵȻص߹أʱѰҩ취Сⲻ
ڿ϶û취ֻһ⺢ӣҪǸš
ڶ׼ţǵʱӲϣ˵ҲΣա
ҲҪͬ⣬Ͼôˣ㡣
Ϊʲô£̲סͷһΪ£һһСǸžˡ˵ˣܾ¶֣ԺҲΪĽᣬϾһ
ҲС󣬻պҽҲȲˡ
ܿȥһһС˵βǾ͸ţһ·ΣգܻС
ͿѡǸš
ǲԸðյĻǾͲǲȣԼѡ
˱ΪܰæȹһǸмû뵽ȻܽСĲΣȻǧлǵɽҲҪһԣοֻǿΣա
̥ĲʹҲ˼꣬οʱʱҲʱҪСǻ粫һ
˵СΪȽŲ㣬ȴСԼȥ˿ĸͷ
С֪ԼĲκͫȻûʲô
ǹˣΪСվҲûߣߵúȣǰȴûй£Ǿһ
ΪСһʼֻƲһ˲δС·˿̴һ·һԱߵİȴһ㶡
Ҳ˵·ж಻ͬǳߵģʱ߽ӴĶǴٹˡ
԰ֳܷ֮ѰҵСһ
С·ǾϹ񣬾ǸⲻͬǡרŽĴСӡ
ѾƿСѾȥֹȴסˡ
СȻûڣֻݵСֱֱֱͦģԵСԴܴҲԵϵ˫۴úܣȴģСӦе
ҲΪסǵ⺢⡣
СϹȻûҲû˵ȴǴӻŵߣؿĵطóһ塣
һק˫ŵ˹ȥ
ҲȻֱžҲ˵Ҳôû
˿һֹ룬ǾС˳ȥ
̲סڣ˱⺢ӣС϶ʱʹϣʱ˺صˣҲ˵˺ȴһֱû취˵Ӧ˸ģ˾⺢ӣӦл񣬻£
ֹ֮ҲСҵˣѾȥôá
ܻ֮أοҲûʲôöܱˣҲʣôһˡ
һ㶣ȥ󣺿Ƕˣ⺢Ӧû⣬ֻе⡣
ȻˣȴҲûþˣ֮ʱκòѰѰˡڱ꣬Ժ󳤴˵ɡ
Сȴƣִ˫ǰ˵ݣǹִúܡ
ûסЦˣǴ򣬱β˾ְ㡭
û˵꣬Сȴǿǲգɴཫڵϣֹ־һһһ۵ģͦСˣֱܻƲû¶档
ΣһۣȰæԺκò֮ǰ廹ȥˡ
ǿˣСĺܶ࣬һһԵѩͣ˺Ҫߵʱ򣬵ʵʵһͬˡ
һ·Ȼü׼ŵˣܿˣ¶ʮ˵ʱ򣬸ϻ˱߹أһ·˾ӪʱҲֻʣ졣
߲ϽǶǰõϢͺھӪ⣬һ߲ӭȥүڻˣүһǲ
ÿϽھεģ֣ⲻû£ֻǲûнץ
æ֣޷ƽͺáҲʼҲûץʦ
߲˸ǰȴ˵תÿȥȻ󡭡һСӡ
߲ˣǣү뿪£ӶˣҲܰɣ
žųǰ߲һ㶵ͬʱٿǺӣðһµͷԲۣүȥץʦպѾɻӵľˣһŭ֮ǿȡὫ˴ֱӸ˰ɣ


81 

ú, һӪû¶һ㣬ûֹ߲ı, þһ, ˶ΪէȻİĻЩСһһ
ȰȺõ̵ݹ, ӹ˾ιСӣСȶƳ۸߲ˣȥϽӪ顣
ȵ˵طϽû˿ڣ㿴ңҿ, ø߲ȥ, ⵽ô°
үķ˴ɣ
е뷨, ѾȢ, Ҳܳûٰ˸ɣе㲻صˡ
ϽǷεʵҪֻҪ뿪, ۵Ҳܹúܺãˮ
˳оҪǧȥץʦΪǷԸû˽¡
ҸոƾģҲ⵽Ǳȵ, Ըġ
˵Ըģô̫ԾôСӵûأҪǱȵģⷴӦҲ̫ƽ, ˵Ѿ˽вһ
ôһӵԲ, ĬĬһ, Ѻʿڵĸ߲˳ȥ
߲ȻҲʣϽҲ̫û˰ɣ
ϽˣôصˣðˣǶǼʣǡ򲻸ҵġ
ֻ߲ӲͷƤͿһүǴˣ
ͿǼü۹˾Ҳû𴩣Ӧڹ˶ҹʦʱˣʦץˡ
ʲô߲˵עʱȥŵͬʱǷŭʦʲôץʲô
ʱѾ˵ǣο˵Ҳʵ飺ʦ֪ԱҪԣסвӡвĳ֮һ
߲һʼûǺܿ׹ŭɶ۸һô£
б浶ǹǴ򰡣ôõˣݵʱôˣò׻ˣû찲ӣȻץȥ
ŪһҪ˿ƾˣþ˺ͺү
Ծ˵ӣһ׹⣬϶ⶪץס˾˵ߡ
̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
߲ԲЩӾܵĿ࣬Ӳζ׷ŭʦĶС
꣬Ż֪У˾ǰҲҪᣬ⺢ӣѾΪӣԺҲҪ׹⿴ģ׾ͺá
֮˵һһһĴڵȷҪͣҲ֪һһΪԵþܵǣģסȻҪҲΪ˳£ϽΪԭԾԼһһΪӡ
ȻҲΪһ㣬ͷ֪һһĴڣ׼ŵΪѾһҪ͸߲顣
ȻϽȻûϾȫ֣֮ЩʱҲƵһүǶԾе뷨ģ뷨أϾۿ֮ǰʧүǶô
Ͻ˵һЩ׼ŵ£֮߳ӪʣȥѰ
߲һ·ֹϽûף߲ȴ￩һ¡
Ͼ֪ݵģү˼ԼǾ䡸׹⡹ֲõԤУүԺþ˵Ĺ⵱̳˰ɣף
߲ûʣһֱүӪʣ߲ų֮СʳүϽ˵ġ
ĻȴûʳڣûףԼ룬һүû뷨ôһѣǡ
˸߲һۣȴҲûԼĿģҲǰ֪ԼĴԼ߲֪ôģҲ룬ȷ㡣
߲ɫһףɡɡǡ
ޱ鿴Ȼѡ˾ԺȻãҲȰľҲġĹԺҲǱĺӣպѡһĻҲһǱģһųģĸã
߲˵ĸãү׹ʣһֽүģ߲үӣȻǡҲġ
߲̾ϢһȻԤУĵزҲүû취
ò˵ҪѡѡһȻүĸʣүĺ;һǺպҲᱳү
ѡģȻ̹үĶӣǣˡ
ʹǹ¶бˣһĻܵжġ
߲һջѡͬү뷨¶ˣպ󡭡ὫСӵС
̹֮ҲԵɣȻˣǽʵݸϽ
߲͵̧ͷүȷ۵̲סйԡ
ϾϽϰæôү̳дͳ˳¡
ֻǰүƺû˼񡭡үǸ⣿
ۣɫ⣺ô鷳ץ׼Ż꾩ֱԳȵ۵Żؾ
һʼǴ;ٽ׼ŸץȻ͹׼ţȻõ˳ıȨܵС
ʱҪ׼Ÿץ鷳ԼĸںδҲ׼ŵʱİ취
׼˵ĸ
Ȼһǣ׼ŵʵɳȥİץ׼š
Ͼ׼ôԼȥץľôһ׼ŵɽǷ׼Żᡣ
߲ҲȰ˵ϾֻлָݣŸ˳£պǸûᣬѳֳΪµۡ
Ϊ֮ǰĴţȻĶĻǲǳ͵۵Ĺ⻹˵µҲԲ˳
ֲ̫ĻѪ׼Ȼǣɱ˳͵ۣȻҲܡ
үǳȵ۵Ĺ⣬Ÿ˳¡
ϳȵ۵ֻҪ֤ʵүݣʱүһӦ
Ψһĵľǡ
Ͻ᲻ӼλϽĵŮ˵ӱȽƽӹãϽһϽ
Ȼ㣬ȻϽģиȷѡ񡣡
Щı֣ӣʹӼλҲزסλá
οϽƹܱ߹ؽʿĿԣϽµۣҲĽȨС
ϾʹϽĹѪҲ˾ĻãĿǰ˵ʺϼλġ
߲ûھ˵꣬ȹ˵
صӪʱѾӪﾲĵģҲᣬһգӪѾʰ׵һΪӸСһһ䡣
ûȥɽر
ûסÿӣߵ䣬ÿᣣȻСһһ࣬СС̯˯ƽȣССģСһһǾС棬̲ס
Щžüۣ·ôҲΪעھϡ
ԵȾʱһ㶣漴ЦˣҲŵú᣺û˯ţ
ƫͷһۣڰ￴ݣԼܿµ⣺˯ˣ㿴ˡ
׼˽լôòķģҹ΢и紵ݶѵģҲˣֻѺûۣʶԱ󣬱ŵȶԷ뿪˶ûˣ
۵׵ЦȴǸŨսһЩΪ³Сһһѹõ͵͵ģֻΪýȵĺǷھĶϣȷҿĻң
һȣ±۲˵ʲôʲôɡ
ãǿķǣԸϡ
ûסۣһۣ˭˵ģ
ôˣ
ʶȥԼĶ䣬ΪĶ͵͵ЦʶԼƭˣЩ߳ŭô˴Ϣүߣ
˵ߣɻôֱž
øӲڣη㵽ô
ֻΪڿ´ųСһһȴûע⵽յøĶ㣬֮ľ뼸ߡ
Ҳһ£һʱ侹Ҳֻ뾰һЩ˳˵ЩĻ
Ȼ֪Сһһɻʶ뿿һЩ˭֪ʱתһʱֻôž
ҹ￴ȴҹӣüԼеķӦ۵ףͻȻЦ˳ھعҪ˿ʱͻȻǰͷһ£Ⱦ˿ʱôҺСʲôˡ
ĺˣ߳ŭתľ׮ˡ
ľ׮ӻͦ¶ȡ

󲻸ٶˣ¶ˣԼǱȥ˯ˡ
ֻһʱˬڶ췢־ˡ
󣺡ܾ׬ǿˡ


82 

ڵ˾ӪڶСһ, Ϊ̫ݣԼʹҪҪȽú
ϸպҪʱ˵ѰҩݣԾǴһºٰС
Ȼû, ǧл
ȾҲ˿, Ǳ˸ϵ, ҴˣûӺãͷþˣû취վ
˾ӪеĴ򿴹ͷΣֻǱȽҪ´ٽ, ֻΪʱ, ½ӺõĻ, ·Ҳһȳһա
ԼȻվ, ϲæ֣ܡվ, ǸлλˣҪǡС϶Ҫۡ
ȦĨᣬѾȹۿСĲֻþ͡͡Ϊһ׸СǺ, ôͷǡ
ѾȰ׵С͡Ѱط˶ϣû뵽Լվ
ֻҪվܼ£û֮ǰǸ, ܵͷ
Ϊϣ, ˶˾, ȻﺬᣬȴЦŵġ
ֱ߳Ӫʲɿ˼ˣǰ˵Сʱ˵ʱıͲ̫ԣǴһЩٰȣǵȲȻ¶ˣ㡣
ˣеĴƽʱæ˵Ľʿֶȸо顣
Ҳû֣ʼ׼ꡣ
ҲСһһõһڣȻҪú׼һˣȹһ¾һһһȻܶ˵Ǵ˽úøСӹ
ܿ쵽˳Ϧ죬ӪֵģǵһκôһڣΪ˷㣬ֱӰᣬǿʳ
СһһţĴ۵ҿеñվϣ˷ܼһһٵģ̲סСȥָķ򣺡ѽԡԡ
ѾСһһ֣ĻǺ٣ܺǳˡ
Σ㲻ܳԡ
Сһһ֪ǲˣ۶ʱʧѣͰͳžСֽ·ͷͰ͵ģ
Ҳûãܳԡ
ССɴ౧СӿҪޡ
ҵںϽȾƵͻӪʣû͹ˣΪ˾ûҿ̫ίͰ͵Сӣôˣˣ
Сӿ󣬴һͰͳţԡԡ
һ£Ҳ֪ܳԣεܳԡ
СƲƲ죬һСԴھϣģ̫ˡ
СģˣɴԱһֱŵι
СӲ̫ȣȷǶˣһǹԹԺˡ
Ⱥ󣬷ֵһһ۵ĶģСӶʱ۾ˡ
̲סЦˣιԣȻûζҲ⣬
ǰܳԸʳӣı·ݲԣԾһֱûСӳԣϳϦСӽ
Сһһʱ˷ܵСţӣС쳤ôģһˣҲ˲ϱġ
ڲԶẬЦţǲˣôܳˣ
ȥһһÿ죬ƽʱθҲãˣܳԵˡ
Ҳû룬СӲ˽⣬ǾĹ⣬Ҳ࿴
ԽԽϲ̲סҲǰ뵽Լ˾ƣֻźվСӳԱͦСҸֱߺ߲ЦŵһԼɣ˸㱸һЩʳһЩ߻ҪȺܾá
ڰ֣ȥɡ
á
תʲôûסʵĶ
󰲸ЦЦ
뿪С̾Ϣһ뵽ÿζʱܵʹ࣬ӿһۡ
һֱӵһЩʱȻ죬Ȼһҹʱ㾰ꡣ
ǰȥԡһͷһ£ʱųʪˮ˷ˣһֱ¯ţģôɣҲ²ˡ
жôԼ塣
Թ۵׵Цͷȵ̧̫࣬û¶Լ͸ˡ
ŲȻû䣬ȴҲ֪ܰͷɣǹװ
ƫƫͳһף뵽Ҫ룬ҲûԱһɾ߹ȥ
óѼþգԹһԵİϣ㾰ͷ
Ⱦվʵһһ˯ˣ
̰ԣԶ˾ͷһ˯
뵽СģҲ۵״Цúܺá
߲ҲСӣҲǾȲѡ
Ǹ߲һִģӻͦо飬Ҳ߸µĺӾȻôˣŸƵġ
վӰͷֻ־СĻǻ᲻
΢ָǲǻĲû̫⣬ΪϽһֱƣ˼ԷӦױƽʱٶ۲١
Ⱥ֪Ǹо΢ָȴǴԭ֮ʶôͷȥ
ͷվ󣬴һֱɢһͷī䲻էȻ̧ͷôƼĺȴŷ
Ƕܿ٣Ϊͷ߸ԣ֮¾Ĳ
ȫԼĵط¶ǰԼרעĺϵĶôͣ޷ƿĿ⡣
оԼԺһֱǸҶһ£ָ
һάǸܼô󿴣һȴǻϽͣĶԽԽ࣬ĺҲٲ١
һֱôžҲ仯ˣԺıھں֪Ӧʶʱ䲻ֱ̧۾ôסĲһ
ʶ£ӦԽԽüۣרע䣬̶㽫ɴֱߡ
ڻعʱֲ֪ʱͷƽʱ侲ͫʴ˿ȫȡǾδġ
ǻ۵޷Ƶ
ôһŵİʾ͵ֱͣȥ
Ҳѵò̫ȻһͿһǸôûеǸ˼Ǿʳ֪ζ
ñ飬ԼովȻУתѾָͷˣȥһһ
˵Ҳû̧ȥȻӺȣôĶӵĸо
ǣﴽЦ۵ڱصõĹ⡣
ٻصϽʱ鼫ãϽֺ˼ûĺȲˣͽ˻ȥˡ
׺˲٣ڶʱѾͣ˷žģͷߵ䣬СһһѾڡ
ϴ棬ÿԶŴһµСһһڿ߲
Сһһ棬ÿһ죬̽С֣ھһһٵģҪǻ·ǶҪԼȥš
ΣҲֻҲ̫ԶСһҪίͰͣҲޣô㣬Լ˶
Ⱦ߲֪ʱվʱһƫͷ󣬶ЦЦĿ⣬뵽ҹ£̽ͷƫ˹ȥ
־ԼӦ̫Ϳһүˣ
ִӹһһ߿Ҳ̽С֣ȱסֱۣ˷ָȻǱ߲Ľ˸ɵ̴ߴٸɵ档
ȻҲ뾰ֱֻܵСʼһһɵҲңϾɵǡＫ³֣ȻᣬԱߵ
էȻūһ㶣漴һۣǡźӵ˵ʲô
˵ֱӰСӱתӪߣˡ
Сû뵽ԼûøûÿˣۣٳɵСһƲԹŸɵҪˡ
ӣͿһȥ
ҹʿ˲پû𣬺ܾųȸȥǰͷŵˣ޹һһίҪ˵ίɵſϾе˰ƽʱ˾Ƶģռ˱˾Ͳ𡭡
Խ˵Խ˵Խ񻰣ҧгݣ˵ʲô
СϱƵգգۣôεұˣûˣҪ
˭ˣҪҪ


83 

ôһͨ, Щ߳ŭ˼ֱӰѱһһסС, ֻʣСһһŴãȻˡ
Ƴһ, Сȥ, һлڡ
֪İǼˣҲҽȥȥӪҸ߲ϡܲˣһһЩ˯
첻뿴⻰ʶʲôûסʵ׵ˣ
֪, ̾Ϣһ, Ͱ͵׵, 㲻õġ
ô˵, ôܲģ
ǾǼʱģֶȽ, ܵʹǳ޷ܵģҲ˲ϻÿᣣҪҰæһЩɢҪǳŲס
۵׵ĵ, Цãɢö˲̫ãʹһ̡˵ɢܼʹҪͷ, ս, вʱܴ޷ĥӰ졣
Ҳʶս, Ȼڤ˱˭֪᲻ֻʱģһŻͻȻͻϮȷס
벩ȡͬþ濴ǣȴ᲻ˡ
ߴһʱ䣬뿪ˡ
һգЩһȻô˵϶аҲ⣬ϾԼЦһȴֲǵһ⡭
ϾȺСһһ˯£ȴӪﲢû˯
ǰͻȥһۣСһһ߿ҲҴСһһȥһʱ򿴵ĻŵСһһӲס
ôȵҹѾ£ȴ˯ţͷԺ˿̶ǲǽˣ߻ڳܸʹ࣬εҩûЧ
˼˯ţҪҪӪŵİѯһʱӪ˵㶯
ϢţŲЩҴϸ
ͬʱѾǰ䲻ǰͷӵסҪʱƵͳϣұ
һýᵽʹԡȻѪջûס˳ĵʵ뷨ǰ˫ӵס
оı仯̲סͷľѣһʼ뱧һ
ȻôѰһ취ⶾʱЧȻãȴҲǰÿηҪʹһжʱһжɢֻʣȫĵɡ
徭ȣ¶ֽߣȫ󽥽ЩԳ
һʼû֣ɽ֣һһľ࣬ѪܱôòҲЩȡ
ΪֻǲСȼºûסɿ֣ƿѹүѾûˣȥ˯ɡ
ȴ֣ΪƿһЩŽߵˣûסͷͷŶͷȻˣѪƳռĸоۡ
˵ŻžΪԡϻųʪ⡣
ȴҲоѪԼʱʱƤߵ¶ȡ
þ뵽󶾷ʱȽģżȥֱ۵ȵطüѾݻô
Ҳң˵ĵʵȻܲȡͬǾ͸ˣĽⶾЧûǰҩԺãȻݻˣһ죬ֻûôʹܿס
˫ֱִϣһһ֮󣬸ܵӰ죬ǰǲͬģ˳Ƶͷʱʹû㡭
֮ʾعʱ֪ʱѾѹϣ½뿪Լо˳£ǵͺõİ̺ʱ͵ѹ󱳶һ亹һ̷Ӧ֮ǰѾһŰ齡
۵׵ûջأãȻڵϣȻعͿ˫ĿﶼǾĻȻ
ҲŵˣΪԼľٶ̫ϲˣæǰֲҿҡһʱԲû¶ɣ
ڴԴﱾǸƽոһ̲ΪԼһֱŵҪˡ
׹ûֲ³һͷס۵еȴƵû¡˶٣һ䣬ˣүҲȥ˯ɡ
ЩԼôûסºˣ˸ŵˣֻӦȥƾڰžѾƽɿֻһͷȥǰͷԼĴ齡
ֻڴȴ˯һֱͷĶȰξƽȣɿ£ȴȫ˯š
֪뵽齵ǰһָƺֲڵİ̺ۣ£ӦǴɣôа̣
ǸλáӦǶϰɣ
ʱʣܿӦǰµİ̺ۡ
ȥ˯Ϊ̫嶯˾Ҳû´Ȼڶ
Ҳǹ󣬵ЩֶϵĵѹҲԸоԼһٳһľ裬϶ֲᷢԾ
Ҳû̫ʱߴգڤȻûȫ˱ٴξ
ʱֿҲûţǴ򣬾еĴæʱȥæ˱
ȥ˱ӪʱȻǲܴСһһֲıˣӪд޾Ҳֻи߲϶Ը߲ΣֻܽСһһʱ߲
߲ԺעԼСӵСҲĿչ˵ģСһһһʼԸ⣬ǿø߲ţֻǲԼҵ̫ԶʱʱҪܿ
Ը߲ھ˱ӪʱͱСһһڲԶʱӪʣЪϢߺˮʱ͹һСӡ
СҲôʵʵߡ
ദˣ߲ϲλСӣֻǰֻԶԶŻû֣ˣܾò֪ǲǰݼڣܾСϸüۺԼүҲеط
Ǳֶֶֿü۵ʱôͷͷԵģԼүСʱ
߲Ѿ̫ǵүСʱģӦԼˡ
һֱ˽һµ̣ٴνڤľӸˣ߾Ŵһ˱Ҳ
һ˱ϴ֣ȥ˶Сӣ뵽»ȥ϶Ҫ󣬸ɴȥ˿С
ʱԼӪػʳСһЩ⣬ҲָĲǿˡ
ϾС֮ǰɣϾСӵһεСӹһꡣ
ͨ󣬻ȥ˵׼ҪС¡
Ȼû⣬Ӿϴκ˵֮Ѿ˵Ҫ׼Ķҩݣʱþ֡
Ա˵޷쵽ģԾϵͳ˵ȴǺɵġ
Ȼ֮ҲΪ˷֣ǰСŵһӪ
ȶ죬ţ֤Žȥκһˡ
ϣСΪǰһֱţҲ˳ֻҪԼҩֹ֢ͺá
СȻӪֻÿʱֻоСҲǻԵģֱһжɿ
ЩÿСҩ˿ϵĺܺãֻҪ˿ڳãԺ˾ҵ˶⣬ͨСӦòûʲôһ
һӪСҩȽСܻصǰ˵Ӫʣʣ»ҩ˴ӪĴҲԣҪԶ֡
֪һιϾЩһֱɴյæһ£ʱպðѾɴȥһµɴ
ʱС
С֪Ǻˣ룬Ҳû
վھ棬žģᣬЦ뿪ڣͻȻ۾ƳСؿڵķѾ׵˰¡
˰ʱһרעᣬԲûˣֱ˿ڰ÷С۾һֱ
ɻͷȥȴڿʱ¡
˿ƺʲô飬üСؿڸհõ˿ڣɻ󲻽⡣
˳ſȥ뵽Сϵ˿ڣΪϺ˿Ȼһģһ
ɫһףǿʱպÿĿ⣬бŸӰյھ䲻£ǰסļ
ڣʱѾ̲סȥˣҲ÷Ź׼ӣǲΪвĥͷˣǸ˿ڣﻮˣ
֪ʶʲô˼Ĭ˰Σǰ׵ľһ£˿ڰڶԷǰҲ롣
ҲǡϾ˭뵽ӻأ
ʹļ뽫׼ץĥ𣬵ٿȥ־һӱǿƵĳ


84 

־, ÿοģǹֵֹģתȥʱ̾Ϣһ
ʵͷˣһ, , ̡߲
ֻͷһζ˶, ָӵҪģһʼ̫˼ڡ
Ÿ߲ǴСģôҲǰףһҧǰѸ߲˹
պø߲Ҳ, һ˹ȥүѾ֪ˣ
̧ۣ֪ʲô߲֪ҺΪΣѾô𣿾Ȼ߲֪ˣǻб˿
߲׶ô, һͲµ, ͿһүΪ˵·ģ
߲, Ҳûᣬһ԰ѡһЩǣ˽˵һ, ҸǰϵѾ㲻žнҵ˼ǰһЩ£Ҳ֪Ϊʱ侰ڶңǰ쾰, ǿҵǹֵֹģ߲˵ǲԼûֵĵطִˣ
߲һӣѯʵүεү, Ϊһ˿ĵ˳üչ𣿡
һ㶣Ȼᡭ޹ؽҪ, ΪζǷ˼ȥ, ʱ䣬뾰Ȼ˳ҲСӣϾǾĹѪҲǵ׶ӿġ
߲ԼѾȫ͸˵˼үȻⱲûɻҲûģ뱲ӵľӦھᵽҪҪ̹үһ𡣡
ԣ棿
߲ţү룬ǰ϶кøеģԼҲˣԱ㣬СӵԺһүСӶᣬͨˣүүȴһֱûڣܲþᡭ
ԽԽø߲úܶԣʱ׾
ʱȻҲˣֻǵʱԼЩûסǵ̣þعôһ˵ʱ򾰶Ȼ߿ǲԼ˼ֻԼǸľͷȻû־˼һֱûһ¡
󼤶վҾø߲úܶԡȥҾ
߲ү̾Ҫȥ뵽ԼĿģϽүȵȵȣ²żҪǰ档
ʲô£ļ٣ֲþһֱĵط̾Լôû룿
߲ΣйسоƵ¡
ͷü΢侲вõϢ
߲ҡͷҲ㲻ãҲ㲻úá
ۣ˻ô˵
߲ܿ콫մϢ˵˳һϢϢǱڤθٴγԭǵõ˳Ǳߵĳŵˣһ
ԱڤβŸ㣬˵ڤֳ˰̣Ѿʼ취ϵĹΨһûĴ󳯡һҲһţôǵ֮
ϾүܴȴҲֲס֣ʱֻǸܵУǴ粽С
ɫҲأһϢأ
߲뵽ɫԻ۵Ҳɣ˵ڤǴ⣬Ŀǰ˵ȴûеõ󳯻ʵ۵ͬ⣬ûмڤʹ»һ󳯻ʵ۸⣬ʱǡ˭֪ǰ󳯻ʵ۾˵Ϣ˵үүͬĻ󳯲ﱱڤү꾩
˵ʲô𣿡⵹ǳ֮⡣
߲ҡͷ󳯻ʵû˵˵¹شԵү̸
⣺߹ˣӵǲСڹ۱ڤץʱв󳯣ʱ󳯲ǶС
󳯵ĻʵۣȵСĻӣǻӵʱʹ꾩ԷΣԷʱ㽻á
ֻǺ󳯺Ȳ뵽λ֮
ЩλǹҲ̫ףǰȻɹ˻ʵۣλҲ̫ȡ
߲ѹӦ۵ӵȷСڤǱʹȥʱ˵ѾڹУѾ¡ǰʼ۾ͿʼƵƵܳ˵Ѱһˣֻû֪˭²²⣬ѰүߣӦҪӦҲƵƵѰйء
ʵ߲Ҳ˵ǣѰԭҲвǰүΪѰ˲ϧò˵Եʡ
˵үѰҾΣΪûܿˣԴȥһҲпܡ
ҪǡүİѾѰˡ
Ҳ˶˼үæˣŲϧܾڤǱүͷϡ
ܿҲͨеȥԼʱ䣬
ӡѾܵԼǵӻɣϾȥô꣬ڻеǻΪۣҲǸĴˣԻҪ衣
߹ĵ̣б˼治һֵ˺á
߲ܿȥ죬׵󣬾鼫ȥ
ƽʱôӪʣҪȥҽ˱⣬һ㶼Сһһ
ϹСһһԱ߹زϤҲðȻСȥͷԸɴھӪ˽Сӹ
ֻΪ˵Сһһĸ£˲֪Ǵ͵͵ġ
ʱ³СһһС⣬һ㣬軹ǼǵõġСһһҲܳԣҲСһһԸѡ
ʱѳԲѳҲԣҲָֻ̣ν
߸սƻҲˣͣһŹ̧˽
ʱ̧ͷһۣүôʱˣƽʱʱӦûڸ߲Ӫ־¡
ڴͿһھԱֶ˶Сӣһһ𣿡
ֿȹˣҪ˯СһҪ˯üΣЩүǶһôö˶˵
ȴ֣ɡ
ү𣿡ǾţҪƽʱûСһһȻƢãʱִͦġ
ҲҪѧġȻԺҪСһһףʲôѧ
ݼڣСҲԽԽϲ
˼ѾûˣէȻ⻰ȣװ򶨣𣿡
ȿ۵㵭Ц⣬İԼСŵСһһ˹ȥ
Ͻ˹ҲǵһαСһһǺӦ
ֻСһһŤͷֿ˿˸ǷգգƵĴۣҪ˯ˣôɵˣ
ССӣѧžСӷŵͷСſϣţȴֱž
Ϊڣüү
ȣ˼ҶˡҧҧûҪ̯˵Щʱ򣬵ƼȲЩԼֶ
ôԼûʲôˣ
ǰ˵Ķģ㸺Ҳģһֱûἰһ£ҲʱٿһȻѾûپͨҲˣǾѾ˾ҵ֡ǲǸһˣ
ں֪ʶ뷨ƫǧȥ˰
ǰԼΪ̺ۣ
ָˣ
һӣƫȥү˭ģǰǾҪҪүΣ
һ㶣𣿡ƾҲǲԸ⣬Сô룬߲Ҳ
ţһ¹ѵȥһ¹ѵģϻ͵óôһ
ֹͬģһĶʱ
Ժǰε׽ûκβϲһٶݶԷĿʲôʵѾˡ
һ𡭡ȴһ⡣
ǰСһһδǹһɺط֣ͳʼԤڡ
ķչ֮⡣
ʼֻǲ֪ӣҲ۹⿴Сһһѡ
񡭡ȴǰ̫һ
ѡһСһһЩ󲻹ƽ
ֻΪĹѪвȺΪµĺӡʵϣ⺢ӣȴġ
ҪôһУôԵһǻģ
һʱĬˡ
ԭڴĿžĴ©һģʶСһһھ¶İ̧ͷҪʱʶֹˣҾûǲҪôż롭Ҳ
̧ͷһǿ˿ڣмҪ˵ȲҪֹܽܣǡһ㲻ܽܣԺǻǾҲ㡣
ջƷԷʹ֪£ӦҲ˵ȥ
Ҫһô£Ͳ򣬺ƭʲô


85 

ΪոǷӦҪܾ, ǰϲû뵽ԷһתҪˣֲˣ
ϲû۵׾ͱ°仰һˮ, ￩һ, ҲҸ֪Ѷ˰ɣ
ŽĻ, Ҳ֤ʵԼĲ²⡣
ѹ֪뷨ƫˣܵͷ֡
Ԥڣǵ˻ϣ˿ҲڣֻҪ˲Ҳᷢʲô
ο, Ҳῴʲô
һ, Ҳû, Ȼĸ, һ£һҲһ¡
ж֮, ǼʹҲᱻˣοڴ֮⣬һӡ
ǰΪġࡹҪӲпᡭ
һ, Լ侲̧֣ĻｫСһһ˹
СһһѾЩˣԼӸɵļͷ˵ҲֻٵĴۿ±, ̯֫СƤ˯óġ
ʹ׼, ĵһ, ѡԵͷȥ󣺡ʵտʼطʱмƭ㡣
ΪͷûѾñ׼
Լ侲ʲô£
۾ȴѾˣĿˣֻҪͨ⿼飬ܿϱȿͷˡ
һʵһһҵĺӡ
һĪ⣿֪һһĹ⣬׹⣬һֱ֪
һ´ȴЩݣȻ˾Ͳһһҵ׹ûҲġ
˵⣬ûָָԼĶӣ̺㿴ʵ׼Ŷң˿ڡһһҶʱµ˰̡㶮ģҲ˵ж֮ӡ
ԭñ׼׼׼ˣȴû뵽Ȼ뵽δŵľ쿼
žĬˣΣָָһһָָĶӣһһģģ
ȴûȥ¿ŵģ߸Ӳ˵ı顭
ֻǰûڣھ̧ͷȥʱȴȻоһգһ㶣ͿֱӰ˲˯СһһһŲԱߵĴϡ
漴ֱһֱӰһӵھ̧ͷʱ򱻶ס˼ѿڶ
ֿҲû뵽ַӦȿʱڷſͷǲ˲Ķͷ۵׵Ĺ⼫Լ˵ģӦһԺ㷴ڣҲ֡
ĸˣ㡭ȷûбҪҵģ
ȴ˿⣺һһģ֪ǸãԺص꾩պøҲһ
˵꣬ƽ̹СôǱ飬ˡ
֪Ƶﲻˣ˵˵ӵ£ѹǲһĽڡ
ĳ󣺡㵽ȥûУһһģ˿ھ֤ݡ
˵ţһ½󳶿һЩ¶˿ڡ
һ̧ͷ۵Ŀ⣬ֻԽԽ֣ͷһʶԼ˿ôƶ̫ǰա
½һ£վϣҧ󣬺߱޹࿴ֲҿԼϱôˣ
ȥͶϾֹ߳ŭı飬󱻸ϳȥʱЩɶͷԣǼҪģǶ˰ɣɲڣӺɷ򣬲ʳԶʡ
شǾӳСһһƽʱ̵ľ룬ǴЦá
ǾȴûסЦ˳ܸɳ¡
׼ǰۿŶӵģ˭һܻӣ
οҲƫˣô׽һһ׹һԴȻκ׼Ϊܿܲܣ󡭡ôܻΪ
ֻԺһһС
ԼԾԵ˼άҲһȻѾôȻ˵Ժ뵽ٴϲ
þǲڣ϶ǱȾӲˡ
ƫƫͷ̽ͷ㻹ûңҾ͵ˣ
ûŴһһߵʱ򣬻Ǽһͷ
ۼ⻹ǿˣ۵׵Ĺ˱ס뵽Ƥ£սͷѹȺúЪһЪȥ߸߲ȹףһ¡
߲ǰȻȷϵҪʽ½ܣȻûˣʽлҪеġ
űԴõɤ̲ס䣺ƭ˵ˣԼŵģԺŵǾͲˡ
һߣ¼ӪþڣȲȥ˸߲Ӫʣֻ߳ӪʺһϲüĥһʱƬ̣ԽӪߣӽ
ԺʱģԼϵǸ̺ۣԺһ˲ľ᣺ѵ˵ģ
־òܣϾģԾʱϲӵӣ˸۸ѹǸӡ
ο׼Ҳڣ
Ӫʼ߲˵Ϣûס˸߲һ߲˵ܻ𣿡
߲ҲԼүˣϾЩүôԾģүԸˣҲ˿
߲էȻ⻰һ㶣ɿһֹۣǿ˿ڣү֪۲СģҲɰҲܾΪԲ̫þҲһҪþˣΪүб˼ء
ﻰһ仰үĪǸ˷ˣôỳӣ
ڳ׷ģ˵ô϶ƭģ̽жߣɹѡȷ𰸣ܱй顣
߲ߺܿϵۣΪ۾ڱ߹صСԼҲףԼں档
뵽СһһԴ˾Ӫ֮ҲûȥŽλպҲܴȥ䣬ҲڲӪɡ
úϾ뾰ˡ
ȴЩɣƲ̫ãȥ۴ǻ᲻鷳ǵһӪţʱҪǸ
㻹ĵģ˵ѾٻأΪҲ㹻Ǹ
ȷһһӰ󣬼ϼĵڶǶ³һСһһҲСĶҲͬˡ
ܿʱ͵ۼ죬һʰ׵ǳ
Ըɴͷñϴ˴멣պýСһһ档
һ˵͵˾Ӫʱ߹ıС
ΪߣవҲǻ˳Ȼһע⣬û࿴
ϾǱ߹أһЩͨ߾ȥҪҲֻһҲǾĹˡ
ܿ죬ǵԼĿջ£žȥ¥ϵİᡣ
Ŵ򿪺󣬾͸ñһӣԱվӣǣһ񣺡¡ϸӦ۵̡
ʱҲŰŹϣĿϣ漴Ϊñڵȫݵľ̲סЦ˳һ꣬û뵽ټʱԪѾӣ˺Ľ
Ԫ֣Ƽ䵭仰ü̬Ⱥ˲٣˲Ǹɽ֮ˣ۹Ҳһ۾Ϳ뾰һԣ


86 

Ȼ, ϻĳ͢٣⡣
񴫳뾰ϵ, ȻԾа, ЦЦ, λǾˣǾ˵ĵճӣҲǱӡ
Ǹˣ˼ףԭλǾˡ
ժñһ񣺡ϡ
ԭһֱǴЦƼﱧŵһһʱ, ֪뵽ʲô, ۵״˻Ȼʧ, ջͿһջߣǸ, Сһˣʧ̬, λҲɡ
󽫾СһһҪǿСһһδֳΣգ̯ˡ
ȻҲԼոյķӦλ, ˻̴ſں󣬲;һˮԲƾλһεԪְæ
ûȣԱߵľź濴ȥСһһҲû
ûٶ࿴С, ֱӽԼĿ, Ѿ̽뾰ҶӵĹϵ, Ҳû⣬̹ȻڵԪҲ˵ˣλףڼ䲻ȷ˴Ҳ˲ǰ޵ǻΪۣΪ̫࣬ҪԿĲ֮Ҳ࣬ʱûֳܷ֣Ҳֵµ˳˲ӣ޺Ҫһ˶ˡһֱ취ѰңֻϧһֱѰãлѰвޣԲðȻѰңŽȻ
߲߹ؾæѰ˵ģҲ⡣
ûλ󳯵µۣЩҲ֪޹أιҲֻһ£ȽһȥСĶ
Ҳûʲô̫Ĺϵ
̾Ϣһֻ괫Ϣ̫ã϶ԷҲ̫ãʵѾ̫ϣ
޻ǻʱµΨһĺӣѰⱲĶ޷պ˵Ҳû취и
˵⣬Ȧ죬뵽⼸ӶܵԼʧȥˣϴʵĸ顣
ܿ콫еıȥǿЦЦҲû취ˣ˵ǰҲǶˣԪֺܿͽ˸Ѱ˻޾ðǰԪַģ˵ǹĽ飬ֻҪԪְæѰС̫ӣ˺󳯾սڤε£ҲվԪߡ
⣬Ҳ̲סλۣĳŵ۶ǶնԶǼõ¡
Ͼ˭Ҳ̰ʧ
ݳŵ飬ôеﵽһ壬ô꾩Ҳõܶ˵֧֡
뾰һۣ¿ܲѰܱ֤Ȼۿ˿ڣǱȻ߾ȫۿ˵˵С̫ӵ
û뵽ôʹʹӦˣ۵м֮飺С̫ӹˣʱݺĽڻӸĸҲ
岢̫ãҽƹƺ֮˵ǡ̫ĸָôһѪ޲̫ӣҲһֱδἰĴڣɵǻǶʱ仹Ǳ֪ȥ䲻
;ֻǾţǾСһһıǲСӣǶ֮ġ
ֻԽôԽǶ죿
岻ã֮̫
ӦûôɰɡϾСҲңݵ
˵ԼΨһĹѪ̲ס˵˼䣺ʱѾдò̫ӵگ飬ɵȥȴ֪˸ߡ޵ѰõϢȴͱһռʬ׶޷ţҲʶ޽ȥǺôԡ
˶һۣȻҲ뵽ǸǾ֮СֻǺ̫СŲꡣ
ȷδʹǺӵͣҲֻΪܹ̫úʵͲ̫
ĬãʱС̫ʧٵʱϿɴʲôٻߣл𣿡
ʱСӦʱԷлʱģȷѰĺӲ̫һרŽ̹һ㡣
æףеģҲȷϿɻţһĸ壬һֱϵһ롣ֻʱСѹδ֪ĸԼǿڻʶĻҲеġ
˵Ѿӻóһɫľݹȥ
򿪵ʱҲ̲סչһۣȿͷŵķ۵Сģ
ŰƯǾµüȻ䵭ЩģȻ෴˫ȴһġ
һۣȴûֱ˵СǾӪ
Ͼ죬˵ĻҲǴ˵ģΪԷһҲºСҪȻȥС
ȻҲ;һ뷨һţѾվҲ֪ˣҲѰңȻ˾ǿͣ۲գȱȥʱҲø۽
̼ȥѰңѾ߹ٵطµһһպûʶ͵ȥȡĻ˽ȥҲһգеϣλϣԷ϶бĲ֪İ취ѰˣҲӦ
;Ҳûܿ߳ջȰԭȵļƻ;ȥѡȴܾˣȻؾӪһˣģǸҲڴһ졣
ղСһһ˵ʱٹһˣ˸׺󣬺ᵽ۵ĸܡ
룬Ȼһ˾ӪڻȥҲԶȷ֮СǸ㾰Сȥ
ʱһٴλ˾Ӫ;ֱСӪʡ
СԴϴ˿һΰֻҪѾ˵Ӫʡ
˵ӪصĴöϽ˻ȥҪţǲµصġ
ʱڴϣСߣСС屳ͦñֱģҲ֡
;һۣǰϴΰ֪С˿ôȥþһ¡
˿˱񱻾ֹˣСȻǵģȺ˱Ȼһº󣬾͸;˳ȥ
һֱ˾Ӫʣȥһ˱īֽȥСԱߡ
СǾǰһСôŶ۵Ļ
Ż񽥽ͣСԭƽһ˫ҲԽԽȦͨͨģȴӲǿû޳
ģ̾Ϣһʮ֮˾˵Ķġ
ùӺǰʱŵ˹ȥ㸸ѰˣүѰ㣬㸸ӪزԶĿջǴȥɺã
С󻭺õĻȦͷ۾ȴ̲סһֱŻ᲻÷ſֻֻܿǲ壬ȻͳȥΪǾͲջ
Σֻܵȼ۰廹ԷźãϾС֪ĸ
ȻżȻӦǾգֻǼȻҲ㲻ڱ߹ҲѰѰ
ֻǻû뿪棬˵ٴδǰ
һ㶣Ȼû뵽ȥѵôϢˣҲܣô̵ʱ䶥ǻؾӪһһء
ֻ˹̤᷿ŶһñСӣһ㶣Ǹͷþûع񣬵ΪкɫñڵԷݡ
һ᷿һñƿСССˢһûסǸʰ


87 

СȦ, ôţûס޳
ǿҲּѹ, ǰСŵ
ƳԾ, ѰѾĴ㡣
, ȴûСǰʳ
Ҳǰ⸸طĳжȦЩʪ󣬱˻Сһһ
СһһǰʲôС־ŵ·ѽһͷ
ڵסСӣ⸸ƻҪһʱ, ɴѵط, žһһȥ档
סĿջСһֵ, ϰű߹, ϡСһһ˲Сߡ
߶ŪߺСһһ, ʱգ۾͹
²ʱʱ۵İҲҴҽѰɿ롣
󽫸ĶݸͻӪأž»صջ
Сʱôٴ븸ط, ֮¼Ȼ˿ڳõ׸Ծ뵡֮Ѿ˯š
˵Ѿˣæ˳, ֱӹһ񣺡, ĳû
Ѱﱾϣ, δ룬ԷǻԵɺ¾
Ǹոеҽʿһλʲδ岻ʣȱǰҪһЩ
̫ݳ˲ٿ࣬ͷǱκʱҪá
ѾƼؿڵ˰̣Ӧйء
û뵽д˴üۿҪлҲӦлˡʱѩ;պС̫ӷǴ֮ģһ˾ӪȻڴ֮ǰС̫Ǳһ˸ˣߺܾá
ں飬ۼǵǷ
۵󳯵ĻʵۣպиһۻţҲܱһһȻǡ
ȻֻǿܣˣŲѾñչˡ
Ǳ̨ʣתһһ£ҽģ¹ٵı֣Ȼȡ
Сʲôݲûйϵ
֮ǰɻΪλλĿأȴǶˡ
Ҳݶ
ˣζǣǰĳ˵ĶֻҪĳλһգս
ףˣлۡ
˾֮ľһһнǵ˿ڣʳĳ˸һ壬ǰһЩѰ˴򣿡
λ򣬶Էа취ļ˵ܻþһЩ
ˣʹĴۣԸϡ
󣺡ô˵һ£С̫ӵļѾˡ
ʲʲôʲô˼
󣺡ϵ˼˵ʦλˣóľļһ˵ʱϧСֻ̫ܻ꣬ʦֻܿ˵Ǿ˸ȵġǸ˿ھļµİֻ̺ۣҪԺ̫С̫ӻʮû⡣
ıµҲ˵
Ըɴ˵һʦ
ȻҲôƭġ
ǿƲ˵ưˡ
֮µʶʲôûסȦ죬ֵ̧һ¡
ûĻϾºܺôƣҲûҪƭ
֣û뵽Ѱ˻ļҲ
ûס۾Ҫ¹Ҳһ̧һ
ĨһֻĸΪǸŲΨһѪҵ񡭡
ɤʣȴǸ˵ģʦл
ǵ²ܶ˵ۻǷɡ˵ʦȻˣǾͲ׼ˣҪлԺл˾ˡ
Ӧȫһϲϸףûеģ
ĿĴɴȥȴһסһһ£жλ
üʲô
һͷῴ䣬ҧΪѰвһȥûЩ֮ǰܻȥҲűˣֻԽܲͷһʱ䣬ھӪ
üȷνֻǹʱ䱾꾩
ףȴҲ֣ѾʧȥһΣʧȥڶΡ
ȥƼſϴǷСһһ뵽Щ£󳯻ʹҲضãװڰ֣㣬ɲ֤ᰲȻ
ֻһͨСӣȻû˻ôһС֡
С̫ӣȴһ
ȻڣҲֿܣ˼ǾݼΪ׵ȫ
Ǻ㺢죬ʱͻȥ
ûܿ˾ȥˡ
֮ǰ
գȻĸȻ˳ȥҲغӵľ
˵ñı뻹
һԵȷʲôҪ꾩촦óˣܰһ
س̵ҲǸпû뵽ôһˣǴСһһҲ
һ̧ͷͶƵĿ⣬òڣү
ȴǳ䲻⽫˫ģϿڵҵĸǡ
һʼǸ߲С̫ӡ
˵ʹûİæҲ£ٺܶ£԰նԣҲǺ¡
üۣٿԼֻ̲סḧĶǳ˳飺־գʲôɣ
󱻷ʵĿĸӵҲװˣǰҪչȥƳھ˯óСӣȻСӿҪ
һŴչȥ

ֲԤУһһԺ󲻻ᱻ̻ɣ
СһһصӪȻӪʣȥ˸߲
ǵʱСߵʱû֪
ӪôˣһСҲע⵽Ҫ߲ȥһλˡ
Сݲܱ¶һ֪ҲһΣա
߲Ǿ֣֪ˣû뵽˾ȻǾӪ
ѾȷҪæǰļƻǲҪǰʼִˣ߲û뵽Ȼô˳ۻᷴڣС̫Ӿ
۾ԲκζģôҲܴ꾩
ҲҪʦ
ǡüʹûйʦ֣Ҳһʵͷ
ҲᣬȻҪţ֪ϽʱҲˡ
ᶾ㾰ùź뿪Ӫʣڶ찲Ȼ߲ȥϽӪʡ
˺󣬸߲˵۵¡
ûἰС̫ӣֻ˵ǰǷүһܴ飬˵үǰæ
æȻǾܾ˹˳뱱ڤ飬Ǵ꾩
ϽȻҲ룬õ꾩ϢΪų켺
ΣԸĳ˴
û㣬ǹ˶Ҫ
Ͻ̾ϢһЩϳҲʦûץðȻȥ»ᱻ෢ѡ
߲ȴЦˣиʵؾأ
Ͻһ㶣ѵи߼Ըꡣ
߲ʦɱ͵ۣȻܴ꾩Ѿǻڻ಻˵ǲǻҵöһȴţҲû֤ݵģʱȻһϻǻãҪҪһʵѡҪġˣܸ˳¡
Ͻһ¾ˣʵҲ㣬ֻǻǵһʼδ̹ԣϳ׸˼ϳʵҲ뷨үĹ⣬˵ҲǻãײЩӸ˳£ϳҲ㡣
Ͼ˶ӻĻӵȻӡ
߲һֱû˵һۣ¶Ͻ˭˵õ壿Գȵ۵Ѫ꾩أ


88 

Ͻ仰ʱԭ, ΪԼˣո˵˭ϷˣǸ˵ˣ
߲̾Ϣһܻκȷٴظһ飺Գȵ۵ѪϽȿүдױɡ
ȻҪϽ, ֮ǰ߲Ѿ֤׼׵, һǰһд
ȻҲ͵Ϊ˻λԼֳҲ˲˵, Щ޹ҽ
پֻҪǻвĻλģ͵ЩմѪ
ϽǲִǷ¾ɵţû֪Ϊͷȴǿһ¡
ȷе֤, Ÿ߲˵ôһЩʱѾ̬, ǻΪ, Ͼ۴ʵ, Ӹʡ
˵ΪԪ, ϽĿɱǰԸѡһʵ
ȻѾ̬ôʹֻĹѪ, ҲֶԷǻ
еˡ
ǰ£ûҪѡ
Ͻִż㣬ʹ׼µȻҪ³ȵŹ, ôǵȵ۵, ȫûҪôĹ
ɵȿ, ʵԶеĻҪпᡭ
ôľԭĺݶֶβ̣ΪĿģȻͬⶼк
Ͻ뵽ĳȵۣʹֻ˶̶̲һĻʵۡ
ԷƷԼ԰ձ˵ʴȣպ󶨻һҲȵǰԸԽλѡѹĻλĳȵ۵ԭ
߲Ͻ꣬ȵ۵ױдµĻԼʱӡ£öʥŮеĻѪɫ塣
ϽȿУȦͺˣʵóȵ۵Ծƫƫֲų͵۶Լֵܻͬ£̫Ҳδ¶κζߣˡ
ôꡭ
ʵǰ۹ڵϣϳۻ軨Ǳɱô꣬ϳ
΢һЩһ飬ҲҲڲܽҲôꡣ
ϽϽ޹أһΪֻû뵽Լ̫ӵ
Ͻ뵽ʦǲ⣬û뵽ȵ۾ȢǰʥŮ£⵽ô£ʦĪǡʥŮйأѵû
µҲϸϸϽ˵һἰʦӦ֪ĸڣֻǹʦй˳סԸɴݡ
Ϊ˳Ҳ
ϽףһʥŮΪ̶ʱ򷴶ĸС
ֻʱͷȥȲҪἰݣϾǣ͵ıȵһ¡ʱ򱬳͵۵Ʒ⣬Ȼȵ۱˳𣬵ҲİնҲɣʱ򷴶Žᡣ
ǻ˱˿ɳ֮
ԼĴ˵ˣʱһ˴˵ǳȵ۵Ź£ֻǵδʱϻ꾩պñҪزΪӣѹ¶档
ϽȻûҲãҲԷһҪı¡
Ҳǵһ㣬ԼνȻжԱ
ԼǳȵŹµϢȥץԾ֡
Ͻ̿ʼȥˣҪ׼һݴˣЩ߲Ѿ׵ѡҲֳģ黹Ҫš
һ׵֮ŻӪʣȴûҵ
ΪûȥӪʣԲ֪ȥɴ໽֪ȥ˻ͷӪǱߣ˵ҪСʳ
ü֪ȻԵģ
ȥʱѾºãΪ±ֻѰ棬ζǲġԱСһһվΧŵĵòסQĴֱžԡԡ
ڰһԹŵĵóֻаƴСʹˣִҲֵڶڷᣬŲ̫ÿζʮС⣬СһһѾʼˮ
ʱպÿƿĸСͷһĶɫƯζҲá
̧ͷû뵽ʱҲʲôɴ൭ү첻ȥ
ѾߵԱߣžһЩ̰ɫĶĨЩСͷϣһڣζˣ̲ס֣̽㻹ģʲôſ㡣
Ƴȥ֣߬סˣǸһһġ
۾᲻ƿһһôСԲ꣬ͷһģɵһһ
֪ǲˣСһһͲĲУһɵȻҪ̵ĳԵģʱᣬ߳
һ̲סˣСһ˸ɵٶɵ㳢Ҳа
СίͰ͵ģɴ಻ˡ
û뵽ԼС̹ܰ˸ۣ˼һԣʣ²ı߽ϣЩһһģЩͳɡ
üû뵽ķݵģʱ۾һҾ֪ҵġԱƿι״ζҲеĶٶԱԱֺ߱ǺɵЦСӣ˷򰡡
ֻǵһţʱ۾ˡ
ͬʱС̫ѾһŵСһһһͻĸ⣬˷ֱܵQƵĴ۾ġ
ʱ򾰳ͷᷢģĳ˼һģһͬ
ûιСһһ̫࣬ȲˣͶһԵ棬ιСһ㣬СŴԵ۵Сģ̲סҲЦȻعŷ֪ʱվԱ
òڣʲô
°ܾͣýǲǸرӣͷһμ³ˣôóԵĶ
һϵһһܳԶҸóԵģôˣ
Ὣ°ʹھϣŻ˷ܵŴ¶ССӣ̾ϢһСһԵģҲܺ˱˺
һ죬϶ָָԼոû𣿡
ȴƫͷһ¶ԷģȻṆ̀ҲֻԱ߽ϰҲҪúͶι
ſ磬Ǵ㲻Ҫ
û޹ǰžʱιӣһֵӣһֶٶһڣǾֵĲɡ
֪ɿɨܣҿʱûˣ͵ȳɹèƵĵһһθСҲ̫ܳ࣬ʣµĸүģȻүϡǻԼ˰ɡ
һ㶣һʱ˵嵽ǿ˻׬ˣôǾͷһĵİ
һСһһոյסۻΪڸ棬ûûЦôһԱȣɵƺеҰ
֪ȵһȣȳ˵ģһڣǶˣ


89 

ߺϽ̹׺, Ͻ̰ȥԼһΪүİȫ, »֪ԽԽá
ϽȻԼĶ, ƫĵ, µȵʱ꾩һӸģԸɴ೹׽Ϣ
ĸҲǵйȵ۶ĸȥţһ׼׵Ͻڸ߲ŪһдĻԼֶϢ֪ڽʿ
ڽʿɵۣȻû뵽ȵ۾ȻŹŵͬʱ, ϽԶǷݻ, ֪µĸǰʥŮʱ, Ȼ˴롣
ϾʹһЩĶԵҲ, ˵ǰʥŮ˹һУȴ˵Է˭󱻶ʥŮķŲ˵Ѻʥ, ֻǾ˵ǰʥŮǱӳȥʱһʬ˵ЩֻǴţǷ˴ʥŮôԵ޹˵˾ˣ
֮Ȼ, Ͼʢ䡣
ϽԪϣȷ˻鲻˵ʱӡ£ҲǶ߰˰ˡЩ̫ŵ, ȴ֪ⲻʧΪһ꾩Ϊİ취, 벻, ȴȥʱ⣬Щϳġ
˸˼£ȵϻйѪϢֶߣô˳ȥ
Ϣȥڷκˡ
˵ȥ˶ʮ꣬ȵ۵ķȻڣǶԷЩЩڳ͵۹Ϊ˱ѵܹ֮´̣ڰĿеλĸߡ
ټԴνĶӵǻ󣬲ڤ˳߹ظǲȣ¹Ļ̻̣һı߹ƷǸѡ
Թ֮ͻȻֻһĳȵ۵Ź£ϻϽϳ˵ĸŷ
ǰйһδĻӵ˻ɡ
Ͼ̫ǰνõǲϵѪ治һ
ǵϢ꾩µ۶УˣסڿȴѾ
Ͼ߹̫Զȴն˵ˡ
ˣûɫÿǣϽͳȵŹ»ؾͷֱʿؾˡ
Ȼһʱᵽˣôƺһˣû೹׻ˡ
ɾٲԸ⣬ҲܹȻֹȵ۵ĹѪڣԳȵĿеĵλֱߡ
Щϳ֮ھ֮ҲΪԻԼµ۵Ĳڴ
ȵ۵λѪһȵ۵ԼƷУ֮Ұ
꾩ΪȻ󲨵ͬʱϢҲ˹˳ҲǳĶߣϢ񼸺ź벻ķŭϢģ˭ģ
⽫üɫҲ̫ÿѾˣϽἰġˣóˡȵ۵Ļ飬ԼԷʱӡ£öʥŮơ
ŶԷ˵֣ɫָ׻̲ס۽֣ҧ޼Ǹƥ򣬾ðҶ
⽫⻰һˣʱѾУǱŵľս´ȥǻϵһĲ
ҲǵΪסҵĵλϵʱøպòʷûкʵŮ빬УպöԷ֣ջջѡԷ
û뵽Է빬һֱ꣬ӹڳ󹬣ôȻʥ費˥
⽫Żðźĳ̾Ϣһ꾩񱻻ѿأϽҪؾҪһͷͷ¾ҸðԵʡ
ϾܷܵôհȵҲֻгȵˡҵǾҲҶĿģ׶ӣⲻһûϽ˶Գȵ۸ģһȵʱ꾩㽫ĵ͹ȥǡ鷳
һۣһֻ鷳ãʮ˼붼ֻǸôˡ
Ϊˣ˫մѪ㾡ΪʲôҪϻ岻ðɱķ
ҪôֻһҪһжͶԷĺӣŲܹЩʹ࣬򡭡һʲô
⽫ŵǰͺˣλӵΪӲǺˣôһһȨƣǰ֮񡭡ͲܿƵ˵ġ
⽫̾Ϣһô㡭ġûϺ𣿡
һĨ㱣ܿƫִִ֣·ֻбȥɣȥԼ˵£ԷĿȫǵԼ
ҪҪǵĺӣҪЩѪծѪֻܡѡΪԼˡ
⽫ȰѾִĻɲأôཫʿץأԷԴ뿪˶ûֹ
⽫һ㶣漴ҡͷɳȥ˶޹ͬЩˡʧˡ
ɫ̫ÿȥңȻģǾ͡ɱ˰ɡسɲѵĿҲǵӣѾûˣ͸óΪˡ
⽫˵ʲôǰ棬˵ǱүˣԭʹŮ۵
շ⽫ǽߵĻ˻ȥͱɱ˫۵Ůӣ̾ϢһֻϣԺ󲻻ڡ
ʹֲҲˣܽҼٿ˵ȥģҲĲ
һߣϽųϢͿʼ׼꾩ˣڸС̫ӹ˻ȥ̻󶼡
صּҪˡ
Ͻͳȵ۹Ѫ꾩Ļҵıڤʿֻܽͷѹ
Ͼȱڤǿ󳯣ǻûʤ㣬ֻ벻ͨۺö˶˵ôҪһţ
һ꾩౾ű߹زϽʱҪõϢҲˣô£ôõĻ͸Ҫ
ɲܻôģϽʿôƺºص꾩
Ϊʿ̫࣬ϵĻʹʱ˲ûнǣפ꾩Ǽʮĵط
û뵽Ȼôͻص뿪ôõĵطЩ㱡
뿪ʱǰµףһת۾ǹ˽ˡ
Ͻ˻صӪʣͿ꾩ķڷ̲סȥӹ˯˲Сһһˣ
һۣ뿪ˣô룿
ûסչȥ۾ĺˣһһ죬϶ͼž۵ġ
˵£ϾǰСһһѾ
һԼ˵һһĸ£ôɲûˣ
̫ⷴӦֻԼ˲˼̲ס⶯
Խǿ꾩Խ𵱳һμʱģԳϣô£ֱϱѪȾ죬ü۴ֹ䴳УŵѰıӻ
ûסһһŶԷüۡ
£Ķ̧ۣͶ˫Ŀ۵ף۶Ҳ̲סһ£·ҪУһʱ˶ôζԷΪΪֻǾʱʱһܾﲻ̫Ծ
󼴽׵ʱƣﱧŵӡ
Сһһ֪ʱѾ˹źƵĴۣҧָͷԼģʶһ죬ֱһ£û뵽ѹûǱ˴
һֱһֻ̣С뻳УṦ
Ȼȳס壬ڵϣ̧۾ôž
Ϳһģ˿á
󣺡ֻ˵СӲ˴ӵɣ
ߵ񿴵øڣȳСһһֱҲ׳תƻ⣺һһˡ
ŻٺٳɵֵСһ̲סǰСһһССһһɴۣίͰͳͷӸɵ۸̣
ЦˣСһﶼ״˰
̲ס˫ֶСֻ֣Ӫ⴫һˣҴأôƣ
ûӪ˻ع񣬾ѾƿĻ
һ̽һĻ۵ס
סίͰ͵СӣǸԼҶܼһģӿ̳۾һȻ۸ˣ
ŵ۵ȼһ
֪ջ֣⡭ǿԽ͵ġ궿ӣռ͵˴˸ɣ


90 

ĳ, ƹһ񣺡¹ټ¡漴󿪿ڣûסʵ¸ոСӻС, »Ҫ̵ġ
Ƕ˵, ۾ȴǲôСһһƿ, յõϢȲ˳˳ǡ
ܴŴˣ˭ܳе£
οͻͬµЩʱհ£ҲȻӹܵľ
Ѿǰһ£˳žĿ⿴СһһŴߵضԼҵʱʱ͵һ۲ʶˣԵòС
ԹһۣС, ʱ֪, һѿɿɵˡ
Ա߿ȥ, պöϾЦЦĿ, æȣð񣬰˵䡣
ҪΪСӲºþ޸ô죿Сӵ׶ӿ, ոȫǶһѡ
յԼСһһǰһ£磬һһС, ûȡ͵Ȼôȡ
úúá̲סȦ죬ӷᣬôĵĲ, Ժ, Ѱ˵Ϣ֪ܶ˵ʱ, ҹ޷ߣ¶ܻźһʲô£Ǿһʬ
ڡڻǵ˻
һ˸յ꾩󣬾ȥ͵͵꾩˳
񾰳Ϣûºû֪ԼҪԼ̶ôвԼӶ
ԸɴΪǿ
ֻû뵽ȥٶô죬ȻպڹôƼˡ
Сһһŵ绳磬ոһһ״үֻڶպͬһһദ˾֪СһóϷʱǸС
Сһһ˵붮ǶаĵСԴɵֱ֡
СһһҲο͸ɵڣӺֽŽӲľ硣
ûôС˿ֽŶ֪ôڣɴཀྵûҶŽߵľºͯԽԽϲ̲סȦǺͨͨġ
ֻһȴСһһС־סյߣСְ
Ȼѧĺܿ죬ѧ
ϽСָסһһ֣ǲ
˵һ̵ۣģ
ӣݼڣС
ȻҲ⣬֪ոԼˣҲܶ࣬ܿעСһһϡ
СһһͲܿ͵еĲദ
ֵ֪ռ϶кܶ໰˵Ѱɾ뿪Ӫʣطøֵ
翴뿪žڲ٣ﲻطſСһһֵԶʱûĶܣۿֺˣЩû𣿡
ҲûסȦЩ죬ҡͷ磬ҹúܺãûг̫ࡣҲûŴ磬ԼôܿɹȥİȴʦѰߣȻ˽լҲƽƽСһһ
֮󡭡
Ǹпү񡭡ʲôոȻһֱעڴϣȴҲûŹ˵ü۹˾ôƶ׽޷еǡ
ἰ̲סһ죬Ե澰ԼһˮүѾһˡ
ۣ漴뵽ӣ̾ϢһҲá
ĴԣϾôһӻүġ
οԼǸӣôүһ´ᵣպү
Щ֪ôڣ㡭ԣ
Զյȿˮȴ棬ͿϧͷŻֺǺǵСһСԴ̾ϢһȻԸ⣬Ȼᷴԣôүһһס
һˮ˿ڣĸûסǺһ£æƫͷ
ΪӶǺˣӹݹӣ˲ˮĴž磺󡢴磬˵ʲôôΪһһүĺӣ
ʲô㻹ǸСʱһӻͦƤˮҲϺúúȡһһǲ̫㣬СʱȻڵЦһһүü㣬үöԺһһ϶Ҳ뵽СʱŻĴԽԽϲ
ȴᣬŬ˼Լǰʹ˵Լﺢӵ£˴ôΪԼ̣
磬ˣһһүĺӡŬͣȴֲ֪ôڣʱһһ綺ÿЦպСЦ۾ô
֪ǲǱոôһ˵ʶСһһ˿ôСһէȻһе󡭡
һϽֺ˼ڡ
϶Ǳƫˡ
ں֪Ļü˵ģһһ׵ǣ
̲סͷȥСһһȥ뵽ոտһڰôͲˣ
ǲڿ
Ȼ֮ǰģոտǸۿģһһСһģӿ̳ģȻ۾񣬵ôһһס۸һģһ
֪ôʹ˵ϱӵ£̸ǾҪ˵ԼôĸԸϺӵģһʱ֪ôڡ
ǰҲ̹Ȼ˵˳Դ֪ԼݵģԼǲһ뵱¡
վҡͷ磬¹ȥ͹ȥˣүһ𡭡ἰЩ¡һһĲүĺӣʱϡԲϣʱүߡ
绹ڵͷŻֺǺǵСӣѵԼΪ
ҲܻĵҲûҼ˵תƻ˵һŴ֡
ɿѾү¡
Ǳ˴ģȻպҲھЩˣ뾰ϾϵȻûҪȥܡ
ʱԼĹϵҲôӪʣٴڸС
ӪʾԱߡ
Ϊֵ֪вٻ˵԰ûù¾粻ڡ
ֻϻ̲סƹһ
ᵽʲôһղ
ƽʱ뿴͹ˣҲûö룬żʱ;ܲס
ž籧һһȥԼӪʣ˵Ҫһһȡ֣ʱ϶Ӫֻʣ¾һ
ôͷһ˴һһһܿ͵Ӫʡ
ֻȥʱû뵽ڻ·¡
һͷ󣺡үôˣ
ѾãֻʣۣոСһһ綺̫ˣһţպðѲˮ߷°ڣҲͻһס
ȴû˵ǰӹۣɤЩƣҰ㴩
ɻһۣǴܾģʹüģԺ̲סǰĻ
Ǵˣǻ֮ӡǣô۽˹ȥͷպý°
ĺһһ
ÿһ̫Ϥʱ᲻̫עģ˿ȴʹģͻȻڣүЦһ𣿡
ôľԳ󣺡


91 

ΪĻ, 漴̲סüЦһ£ʮ¹
˵Ǿ仰ͺˣû뵽ǵ͹Ƥĳ̶ȣЦü, ЦȻСһһȻͬ
СһһЦֱֻ¶С, СģҲ̲ס᲻ԾЦ, ͬЦһ̾ҪϷˡ
ɴһѶԼۣͷԹ˴ˣҲûʲôÿġ
üͷøߣһͷǿƵģø, Ҳֻ̧ͷŽߵˣү
󣺡Ц㿴ôЦÿˣ
ȻЦ, Ϊ˲һ, ǺΪ֮ġ
˵, ЦһЦҲǰЦģȻҪյ㲹ġ
ʱ, Ⱦȥ˸ھӪʱ籾Сһһ̧ͷֻһɨ, ɵȿ徰£ôô죿ȣ
˵û·ݣȷողúõ, ôȥ˸·ˣ
, ȷе, ɹˣһһ𣿡
类תעþ֪ѡĸã
ûἰɿȴҲ̲סԼ
ҿǸĴģǵı翴ɫԣԶ˼ڲˮſȥ
ԴӾ뿪Ŵӣǰˣֻѡ
ѡһ衣ĭCСһһͬC
ȻϡСһһദһĲǲ̫ϤһһǸžӪʡ
ᣬǷȥԱߵӪʣתߡ
ȴû˯һֱж󣬲ʱ¹ٺһ
󿴵ԡ߲ơĴ˸磬Ȼûвȥɡ
߽鼫ãӦû͵͵һˣֻҵûȵˣѵǴ֮±翴Բˣ
ɴʹ˯ˣֱ˯ʱŸоƺһˣһ˹һ̾ѹҡ
ŷģһɣӿᣬüôö˶˵ĺϾˣ
ںڰ̲סЦһ˫ԵĹ⣬뵽ո˸ȾƱյ䣬˵˸绰ﻰⶼǾĻô˵˵ʲô˸ͬ뾰ˡ
ֻ⾰뷨˵˴˸ڻͬ
Ҳ˵ʱܽˡ
һ˾̲סŴ˸˼ã˸ǱȵѾĲʡ¡֪ʱѾˣ϶˯ˡ
̲סˣսһЩھĵطüͣ۶ãҽˡ
΢ƫͷٵľ΢ɢȥһЩ̧ۿȥôˣ
ȴǵ͵һЦ⡭㡣Ҫ͵͵ʹ˸׵ٸһϲ
ںڰսЩȴĪɤ̧̲סָḧ˸ǾͲ˵
ȴ̲סĲ˲䣬һɵþ̲סЦһһѣȥ˯첻Ҫ̸𣿡Ϊ˲ǣ꾩еİգԲ򲻵Ͻû浽ȥһ
ҲþˣϾȨߵġ
ôһЦҲԼ⶯Щʱˣɴƹˤװͷߺ߰Դھ࣬һ£ˣҸˣҪҡ
ˣ£ûңûϵôҪ㣿
ΪԴҲܡ
̲ס̧Ķ䣬ȥ͸һһɵɣˣжֶֺиõѡ񣬷Ҫһ·ߵףʱ֪һһʱȴԼ˵һһĺӰ㡣
ܿĶԴһһģһҲ̲סһͿҲᣬ˵ôôɵ
ȴû˵֪û壬ֻ˳žף˳ǰʱ⶯˶ȴû㣬ֻǵ˰ΣԷȴûһ̲סƫͷȥ󡭡˯ˡ

ڶʱѾͣƼϤ񶥻ûӦˣӦȥסˣôھһһ
һһƹ磬ˣüүʲôأϽѾ׼ˡ
üģ֪£һ˾ˡû׵˯ˣ
ϧı뾰۵װЦˣү´κ˾ƻǱߴ񡭡˯ģҹŲϣ˺һ
ͿһϽȥϴһۣΪҪ࣬ϲ
һ״ʱСһһſھ棬һŤͷ۾Ź⣬С첲ſҪ
̫ż̲סСֳžļȲСģþ̲סСɵɱ㣬¡
ô˵ȴҲ̲ס߹صʱоѾˣҲûô󴩿ף˿էȻһĿȴҲƲĿ⡣
Էһߣͷô߳ʱŴ΢΢ۿʱĸоȴҲΪɫ٣
ֻһȴһ䣬׵̼ɢΪΪ˶һһֵĶһһЦ𣬸ովһҲûˣΣһｵһ
һһʱСӷŵȥЩԵġ
ͷŵһԣСһһȴϡҪɴ档
Ӫʲʩչֱӱһһ˳ȥӪǰĿյ϶һһ档
ʱԶ߹һˣΪ׵ϽˣԱһŵӣԶԶƼһĻ£
ϽԿ£̲Цôá
ǹʱҲ˻࣬üãȻǰһʱ˵һһ֮顣
ɫѿΪٳһҹû˯˿ƼԶһһСɫ൹ǲ֪ô죬öˣǶǺǸôôٶȾӶˣ
ʲôΪ˳ȵ۹ѪԼǻΪ۰ɣ
Ͻ쿴ȥүˣⲢүá
౾Цһ㵱ϹǺӳøСʱ򳤵һģһǾס𣿡
Сһһûã仰һҲ˲ǹҲˣ
ϽȻҲôΪģɫ̫ÿֻһԵĸ߲£ΪСү󣬼ûô뿪үߡ
үĸıҲǱĬԺģѹûʲôԡ
ΪöүģѾ̫ǵүСʱʲô˿̱ôһᡣ
㶿ȥôһƣСӻĳúүСʱ
ֲ̫ǵүСʱģһʱ䲻ȷǲԼΪˡ
ͷһԽԽСү


92 

̹ʱͿܵղ̫, ûѹûǰĻΪһξ룬ֻԼŲԶվŵһϽ, ˭û塣
ôˣ˷ɫ̫ÿ, ĺ⼸Ҫ˶
СһһûԼҸɵ, ʹ̽Сȥͷϵľָɵͷճţôɵע⡣
ȿ̻СҪõɵ϶ע⵽
ջĿ, üû, , ȴһһ, ȥˡͿϻСˣΪĿŮλ, Юͼµ۶Ӵﵽĳ
һ͹ǲʹ죬ǾûҪӡ
֪ǽҪֳȵ۹Ѫ, ˵ʵһʼϢʱ⣬ϾǱ鲢δἰ¡ʱûп꣬һʱʱ硣
ֵͬҰ, ôЧӦҲп, ¹ŵһʱҲ, ֻʱѾˡ
񲻹ǰˡ
̽󣬽һһȥɡ
󰲸һۣŴ󲽳ϽǱȥɭɲްҪ˺顣
౻һŶԷѹȸǿң뵽Լ߲˻µȴŲ⡣
ոλ˰ɣ֮ԼǵãҪλֵߣ˼¡
ôǾһǺӣ
Ͻʱ򿪿ڽ͵ЩǲҪ˵ĺãǾ˵ãȻȷүɵ˵үõҲû⡣
ɵĺģǲһġ
౾һĻ죬һ㶣˵ãүǡ
ϽɫҲѿ࣬ŰˣۼΪʵϾҲ紫еôҾ𣿡
Էεĳûɫ࣬ͬʱȴɿԼǴˡ
ϾȻСʱ򣬵ҲǶʮˡǺӳ̫ãˣֻҪĺӵҲ޹ؽҪˡ
֪ܿԼһ仰ǵλĿģɫѿ֮үҪλ𣿡
֮ӣţϻôλڣôҲֲһ̳лλ
ǺãҪöλȵ۵Ź£Ҫүλð⣬Ҫ͵ıȵ۵£
Ƿ
ŻŵǹųŪЦô˵˵˵⼸һˣ
͵վҧȫûú̸𣿡
ϽʱվУ࣬ȻϹôӦҲԸԸܲסλ˵λ֮ôļƻҲ˿գҪҪϷ䵱빬ǰǱڸıׯģ
൹һȻû뵽ǾȻôǰ¶һ
ϽŪЦ࣬Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪɲֻѰһλ˵һλ磬ģҲΪڣϷǺ棬ཫλΪɫŮ͵˺δĪǡǱ𴦣ⲻǴҲûŹ
ȥ飬Ͻ治֪ô˼¡
ʮǰȺڸׯλòɫŮӣϸ飬治Ϊ֪
಻֪뵽ʲôɫѾѿ޷ȥϸ֮£һԵָ΢΢֮λ޴ǡ
ϽȴЦһЩ꣬͵۵ǽϷǼȵ۵Ź£Ϸǲ֪ȵͻȻݱԼֵͬΪܴﵽλã̫֪٣
ҲͷһʶרȨΣգӻ̫󵽻ʺǻ࡭
Ҳȵ۰ܵͷɱ˫ۣϳ͵ۻϷѹδɹ͵뵱ȵ۵ļݱйء
Ͻһ˵һԣҪ˵λΪ˳µģӦǳȵ۵Ź²ŸʡϾȵûг£˵ӣ͵ܲܵǻ⣬ο͵ı֣ǴλɣƷѹΪӦķѸ£Ȼ䣬ʲôʸǻΪۣ
Ͻ治ĻڳҲ̲סһ뵽͵ǰΪȵ۵ĲһԱȣЩˡ
ɫҰܣȴǿţʲô֤ݣû֤ݣ˵˭ţο˵Էǳȵ۵Ź£ˣ֤𣿡
ҲǻԭѹͲţųȵãЩΪδδѰ
˵Ĵڣ֤أɲš
ΪŹˣҲǾû֤ôֻҪ͵ڣֻҪӻµۣôЩѹҶΡ
ϽϵǾûʵʰɡ
Ͻӻ֣ܿǰһ֤һһǰ
һʼ໹ţɵһʼԽ¿ɫԽףڲΪ־岻ͻȻǷ˰ǰҪЩ˺ٵ
̫죬ϽǰȥϽֹˣ˺˺һݣϷﻹݡ࣬㲻ΪƷϷİɣ
˵⿴էȻͣµĶԼ̧ͷɺȦģϽ֣׵ĺΪһһģǵµƷУǰ׼Щ
ϽǴ̼ڵ࣬Щֻǿʼ̤ӪʱЩ֤Լɢ꾩¥㲻Ϊͬɣ
ôཫʿڣ֤ȫ˳͵ЩӪʴȡ
һƳ͵ǰļ棬ôֻӶԳȵ۹ְΪõ;͵Ҳӿأͬģںȵ۵ĳ͵ۣҲֻӷŭ
һк֣壬ɱҳĻʵۣôܻһʾ
Ļʵۣ˵֮
һȵ۵ļݱĲЩ̫ҽıڣԼֻ֣ðնԳȵ۵Źġ
ʱǳ֣Ҳöλλûȵµλ
ȻҲµǵĿģͬѩż㣬һûϽʿǰЦĿ⣬һûǾ˹ȥ
ϽЦһƣǶԼ̫ԸǼȻҴôû֤ݣ뵽ȥɱεЩ꣬תȻأүϳۻ軨ЩôĿ࣡ϳ
ڽʿ£ҲֻΪϽ㣬δȵϵһ
ϵǵν̸ж֮⣬ˣվԽϽϽ꾩ʱȣҪϽ˿Щ˵գϽļ̧˳ȥ
߲̽ȥֻȻţȴһֱүıӰֹ
ȻתüŸ߲ɫԻ߲ôˣģű
߲죬ȴֲ֪ôڣֻҡͷֱصүӪʣֻʣʱûסֱүݣ·ҪϿ̽үǸСʱģ
󣺡߲ȷûҪ˵
߲ҧҧ̲סʵүǰ˵Ļˣ
ʲôԻѹģѾʼȥϵĿףŵȥҾܿǾܻص꾩ʱǾҪžȥˣ˶һˣ취ߡ
æһ춼Ʋ˼ɿĥҲֻԼ
߲һǻ˵СүСʱĻɫ̲үȥʵǰҲ˵Сӵȷүü񣬵ҲΪСҲ񾰴ˣҲûɹαѣôүСĺиࡣ
Ķͣü߲֪˵ʲô𣿡ȻСӸ񣬵ҲС
ⷬľ룬ǾԼֵµ˻Сһһĺӡ
ϾûĸԼĹⲻԼģ˽ɡ
߲ҲԼˣǡ
Ҳ֪Լ˵ʲôҲ֣ΪʲôС񾰴ү֪ģΪСӺ;үһڡ߲˵⻰Լ̲סڣϾôܣȲ˵ʱ϶ԲϣپôܺͺһڣǣǾŮװôܣ
Ѿ߲ԺҪô˵էȻһ⻰һʼһϲ
ϾȻԸⱻô˵ģֻǵȺ֪ʶʲôԺǰĻ
֮£Ժ·ʲôһӲŲȥ߲ոա˵ʲô뾰ĺһһһڣ
߲үһ⣬£СȻֻˣϾֲŮҲСӣҲܡү뾰˸Եˡ
ȴڵ߲˵ʲôȫûȥԺֻʣµΪ˵ЦĻԼǵ̺ۡ


93 

ԺΪ˼ͷӲ, ԼǷˣȻĿʼֿԣôأ
һһǾ, ǡǺӵأôܻĸԸ˵ã
һ뵽, оǰһ, Ǳ߬޷
ɫ̫ѿڸ߲˵ֻ͵͵һۣһүԼĻ˻𣺡үֻôһ˵ϾҲܵ£ôСӳ·ҲԲϡʱүѹھ˵, º˵˵
ɸ߲Ļȴʹ, Ϊ·ݶԲ, һһŲĺ, һһǾġ
үôˣ¡߲ͷһο飬۵׵ʹɫ˵ⷬ, һңֻΪү侲
˵ʲôֻҪүģʶ˵ڵĻȴҲ֮ǰܶɻ, ֯һ𣬾ײʵҲǲܣֻǺ˵Ǽ辰Ůװ, Сӵĸ, ʵô˵, ҲһСӾͲүĺӡǼСӵʱѾˣ˵Ǹͳȷǿ˵㡣
ȻҲûУôСӲǸ´ҲС͸һЩǰһ£Ҳүߡ
߲ʶ˵ģѹûӣҾҲŮװСѹλĹ⡣
ֻҪںү˳ү侲ɡ
߲֮ôΪش֮ڵĶȻѹȫΪʧǣ׼ʹضҲᷢ
Ӫأǰգķǡס
߲Ļ͵ؿȥ˵ʲôǰƣ뾰Ҳĳһһ뾰ѹûйӴóӣ
⡭߲ҲᣬֻүôүˣʲôڣҲûĽˣôСӶүã˭ҪүСӳ
ʱһ꾩ɢϢ¡
߲һһһһүƲסҲһסһ̳㿴үôҪ˳үȥˣүҪǰ
ô᣿һˣǻкüյ
ûü˵߲˳ȥһ̧ͷŵȥΪθ߲ô˵үڳīҲб仯ԤʾҪѹƲסæǰүҪ°æѹƶ𣿡
ѹûоԼı仯ӶһһǾģġ
˭׼Ӧòǣ׼ţԾ˽⣬϶ɱ׼š
ɼʹ׼ţҲǱӡ
ֻҪԺ뵽ֿԣо·ʹʹҪҵһͻƿڡ
ҵʶֽ֯һڷֶƽ·ҪƣȴûһѹȥǼٱ䣬Ժȴһİĳɽ͵͵ĴϢԼ
ЩֹξģĻ˿Ǳʹ±·ķһ㡣
ôȥʲôɽ
߲ĻʱҲҲأҲأ
Ϊһһ᳤ôһһǾģһһ񾰶һڣǳһһú񣬿ϣôô
ΪͷԼûֻΪֹס΢ǿԼ侲
һһΪʲô᲻֪Ϊ
ԼļţȷԼﲢδ뾰йκԽľٶҲһ⣬Ǿǵǰȥ;УΪشı·ʱ۾ҲΪ±¶ǰ뿪ʱֻǵԼʱҲǵú顣
֮ѾǺü֮
һǰϥŵһһ߾һǲһȴ̲סڴҲأ
ȻΪһһô
һΪѹƶԼҵ˻ƣ;У˱ʲô£
һھ߲뿪ǰҪôУѵҪֱǰסү
էȻүĻ;ĸ֣һعʱ̵ͷ¡
û뵽˿үἰ£ûסںܿ侲ſȴֲ֪Ҫôڡ
֮үΰ֣ǳ£үһû˱ү
ȴ뵱һôཫʿڣүİΣĶҲӰ죬ϵµȷʧְ룬վǲȥ¡ȷү
ס˺ҧΡ£
һͷŸ˵Ҫ˳ү㲻˳ү񾰴ƽģӦ˵ܷӦҲӰ첻룬ʵʵͻϮΪ˴ҲܲҪЮĸԸǸ뿪ˡ
ֱüǲҵˣʱ˵ȷǰȻģϵʱ⣬ǲŲ
һڵϣͷŰŵ棺µܣþ˲㡭үͷ°ɣΣ¡ֻĻû˵ֻ꣬оǰзƺ
һ̣ع̧ͷǰŵﻹүӰ
һһ׷ȥүûȥ׷Ǽţ
һߣӹСһһ֮ȥ˾磬ȷ̸ҪãԸɴһһȥҾˣպ꾩Ĵ㡣
ֻǾʱ۶ǴպĴ϶ôż롣
պȵ۵õǻҪλµ۵ǻԼûм°
һСһһϣÿСһһܵĽѡ
ˣȻǰǺӵҲν֪ǣֻһɵģǾ͸Ľʣ̲סʼСһһк˾ˡҲа
ֻȻСһһ˵İȻʱ̫ܺ
ĽŵʱͻȻĻһξӪʣñռ仹ԵӪʶʱռð١
Ƴֻһ֮ȴˣү㡭
Ƶ߬ס˾󣬼䣬ǿ侲¶һЦ
Ϊ˿鸴ӣƤһֱţЦŹ֣ѰҪ£ͷտһһƬ̡
类ģˣ̸ȥѵǷʲôˣҪˣ
ȾعѾ߬ž߳Ӫʡ
ôˣȻҲ;һ̸нǳ˿鲻ã
ӪʾھԱߣĻƿʵǻǱߡֻĻû˵꣬ͻȻͱֱӰһԵϡ
ǰĹ⼸˴룬̧ʣȶɺ˫ס㡭ˣɲǻкüŷ
˿⸴ӣΪĳֿԻ΢Ĳ
߬žȴûɿĵþҴڣ֪״
ҡͷƵûж
ɿô
Ŀϣ漴£ŵһֳֻ䲻ھĶϣ·£ڶϵİ̺ۣ÷·һɢ֮ǰ˵ġ𣿡
һʼûʶ˵ʲôŴۿķŵõطɫ΢䣬µˣ֪Լ˺ӵˣ
۵׵⸴ӣԭҪģֻһô˵ԷֻǿЦûţ˿̷ɲ٣̾Ϣһ˰
Ȧĺ죬˿̧̾ͷֶᷢԷԣвлңȻϲǳϣգһֿԡ
·ǰŰ̺ۣǵ;㱻ץߵʱϵ𣿡
һ㶣Ȼû뵽Ȼ֪ˡ
¸˵Ҫ£ҲһǣǺӱĸԸϵģҲ֪Ǩŭˣ
񡭡
ȻѾ̹ף˵һһԼģʲôʱϵģʵҲûҪˡ
̾Ϣһ㶼֪ˣĸԸߵģһûϵǸιҩҲšȻҪ̹ףҪ˵ǶιȻ֪ҪôڣͷһΪҩЧһһҲҪ㣬ֻǲ֪ôڣοʱҲ֪ӣǸ
˵ȴһֱûͷϷ߬ᷢΪԷû
Ҳ̲סʹЩжѹ
ֻһ̣ȴͷϷ͵͵Цһʼᣬ·Ǵǻ﷢ģ˺ȴЦ𽥼Ӵ·Ц
̧ۣܴ̼̫ˣ
̧ۣǰһͱȲȥ˺󵽼þΪԷҪ븹


94 

ֱҪŽſ, ֽŷκģһʱЩ, ûӸոաع
ģ, ̲סһ, һ̧·ôԲ𡭡
ţȱĴָЩʱôһ䣬ɻ̧ۿȥȴ󼸺Ҫɵĺʱֶһ΢ƫͷүö˶˵˵ʲôԲ𣿡
֮û˭Բ˭׼һУߵʱҲĸԸ, Щ󵱳ƿصġ
ԭΪŭ, ־Լ, Ͼ֪һһĴʱ, ôǰݼڡһһá
, ü᣺Ҫ˵ǸҲҲ㣬ƭôá
Ļû˵꣬޵, Σ̧ȴڿ۵ԵЦסôýյر֣ħ˰ɣ
ô룬һǣ, , ˿̱ȹκʱҪ, ȥʮ꣬ѪΪұԴ㣬һƺڲҡ
һ£㡭û¶𣿡ȷԼھ״
֪ʶ⻰⣬ûסЦȻû£õĲУֻǶԲҲ֪£ôٴϵİ̺ϣ뵽ʱһƳģʱΪԼӵ˲һһ̫ˣҾȻΪ˵ЩЦһһҳôôôδһһҵĺӡ
ԽԽ£һڣȫǣǲʲôһһôĺӣ˵ԺҪһһ𣿿ɵѾ˵ˣ
ͷͷģ棺ûᣬҲǸող֪һһĹ⣬;ɽСһһҡ
ͫʵףӳӰÿһɺһô;ô˼˵һһĹ⣿ɽ
㵱ڡһοʱȻȴǿһΣǲ󣬷ʱͻᷢ֡
۵׵θԣشңճõҩһζҶδȲʱѾˣʱպֶ໥ƺ֢ӣµʱ޷ƻ˼޹
Ѱ˸ͷ˵һ·֮ǻϣʵ򡭡һֱڸ
ԭأȻû뵽Ȼôһ£һֱΪشǺѵģû뵽ʱѾͻȻ𵱳׼ŻǺʱ뱱ڤ˵Ļиõҩô׾룬ô˳ʵѹʹ׼ŹУ
ҩǲרΪƵģ
ֻǵõʱ˵ҩһ»ᷢһΣɺδʱ²ǸԼйأϾж֮УҲˣպҲܹһ٣
ָĦüۼ䶼ǰ𣿡
Ѿ˴룺Ρ
ַǰΪƽʱһѹסϾҵ̫ۺһתй״ֶԣԳ˷ʱָ⡭ʱģҲֲþδɹ
̲סַڴףҪǲţҿԻָ㿴˵žҪ뷢жʱ䣬΢ıһµҲӰ졣
Ȼֹˣ˿̽һ㲻±ץסѱˣˣֻû뵽תתȻʼջĶĺӣ
ɵһʱ򡭡δֹ
ûôɣһʱ˽⣬Ҳûн
˵ʹ£һҲһ˵һʱǲ֪Լĺӣ
һ㶣ͻȻһ£Ϊ֪ԼУõ߷Ӿȫκû˺ӲѪֹ
ʱԲѣ֪Ǹ˾
һʱ֪˭
Ժδٳ֣ƾ̫ӵǻΪҲΪʱȫĸ̫ӣһΪֲԡȫ̫ӣѡδλ
Ҳֻ˲˵ͨΪһǰô࣬ʵ
һǸλ׾٣ɺ̫ȴܵǻ
Ȧ΢죬ҲΪ²ᣬ˵һֻôһ㽻ֻΪԼǣΪ˲Լ󵽵˶٣ֻϧһ̫ӣղԼӰ˺ܶ¡
֪һʱԼľȻ
󱻾ģŵˣԲҵʱΪǵõʱ£ҡǲңҲһãҡȻôҪ£θպôɸ߲ǲһֱ֪һһĹ⣿
ҡͷҪ˵ǶܺߣҪ֡ҲҪ׼š
ԭֻΪ׼ֻǸҩ־档
û뵽׼žȻǽƷרΪڵġ
Ǹպ⵼Ȼ˰׼ŵļƻһȴδǵĽ
Լ֪˵һ飬ɫҲ̫ÿ뵽׼žȻþһ˲Լֽ׼ǧеͷС
󣺡嶾һȥ飬ʱҲ鵽ϻҲǣֻ˵ǸŮӣһɺϻҵĸ
û鵽֮ǰû߾ȥĶԹǣ̫࣬ҲþΪЩľս
뵽׼ҲϻԼĸĹϵǾ߾
סʲô
Ȼ˿ڣžƹһԣ´˵һ飬ԼʥŮĸԼʥŮŲ׼ġ̫ӡñ˵˳
ĿɿڴȫԵһ˽⣬ԭֻԼΪΪ׼Ǻˣû뵽ڵֻǱһǡ
ԼжôסԺȴͻȻһ󵨵ͷӵһܻһһֻԼ⣬Բж֮ӣˡ
ӹǸص䣬źܶ࣬Ҳ٣ľ֮ЩҲֻǺ˵
׼⣬ȴ֪ǵڵġ
ÿһʥŮԼʦģ֮Ҳ֪ǳʥŮ֮ӣǲǲǰӣΪͬʹӣ
ΪԼ󵨵뷨ЩŹ֣󿴹ȥʱһ㶣ëëģ񡭡ôˣôö˶˵ͻȻô
Ϳһ룬ǰԼ뷨˵˳̲סȻôûҲȥһˣ峤ûа취ڵĶ
Ͼ嶼ˣ׼ȻǸģʦȴǣʥŮ׼󣬶ʥŮѳ壬Ӧ׼ʲô취ȡ֮ġ¹ʦ
ҲóҲ˵
Ҳһ㶣ȷȥһ壬ֻǴδԲûпյóʱ䣬ҲһҪģûԸ֮ǰԸġ
˵úãҲҪȡ
ﵽһĿģƱҪʲôο˸ҪĶģ¶ģ¶ˣԺҲһһ
û˵ɣ°ͣչʾı飬Ⱦʣ˳תƻ⣺˼һҪ⡣
ʲôעȻȥ
սһЩոᵽҲʹУʵҲûôֻ֤ҪһԾ֪˲𣿡
һԣʲô
֪ʶĻ֮ʣһ죺˵ʲô
ֻתƻ⣬Ҳûô˿ģ̲ס˼붺һһѹ˳ѹڴϣֳģӲġ
ֻǻشǾͻȻס飬Լһġѽ
ֲԤУ˳žĿƫͷȥȻԣһŵı鱧һһû뵽㾹Ȼ
Сһһȴ棬СҲҪ
ȴСһһסˣϲСһһ֮ǰ˰ݼڣ۰
֪Լ׹⣬Ǻ;ôί̲סһǻȸˢվ½΢۱鳯һһ쿪ֱۣᵽ·ˮһһ
;ǱԷǧذתһô˸顣
ǱһһһڣүĲڡΪ˻ոյĲŵһһġ


95 

ǳɹСһһ˹, ֻƽʱСһһĶʱȴš
СţŽߵСһ, Ȧ, ۶ۡ
뵽֪ĵطܵÿ, ǾÿǷǸ
СһһΪϤҲС̲סȥҲôţҪҪͷϵڣһһòã
˵ŻҪȥãֹˣϸˤˡ
СֲЩС, ڻС, ʱžˤһ, ժ, ʱ϶ͷɢ
˵ʹҲǸ, ܹ鲻̫ʡ
ĻڲҪˣһһȥק´ӣҲСһһȥק, ƫͷϡ
Ͼˣþˣ
СһһԱߵľȴһͷʵ⡢ɶôֵֹģ˵Ҫ̸, ܴ̼ˣ
ԽԽ, ƫͷѹѯҲһһСľ, ˵Ʋ̫ã߸Ҳѹ󡭡ﲻ˰ɣע⣬͵͵ָָԼԴ
̲סЦģҲ̲סҡͷЦЦ粻صģҲͽ죬Ӧþûˡ
ˣ⻹ֽģ
Ҳûž磺Ϊո֪һ£ҲǸ֪
ٳ͵Ķܣʲô£ŶҲǻ£˵׼ϾⲻǴ̼
һʱҲ֪ôڣ룬濴ž磺磬û뵽ײǰǲ¶ˡ
磺¡¶ʲô
үȷһһ
磺ðŽӲűૣôܣ
һһСżȴ־ôȻռʱҲȻôãɶܲ˵ôˣ
ѡ˵ģʡԵһЩϸڣ˵Ĵ˵һ飬֮ǰδһһʱүڵʱڵĵطԾųүųô÷үһһ
죬ðŽһǾ÷˼ȴûסЦ˳Ǵ֮ǰˣүԵҲǾˣһҲճһԡǰĶүһ𣬻Ÿһһպүɫ˥Ķܻжġ
ʱҪôԴȴǿˣү֮ǣԵ֣Ҫöࡣ
һʱı¶ˣСһһô÷֣һһˣСֵչĿҪŤСԴȥҵԸոջҪٸ߸ߵĵòҪҪġ
ְСӸҲ̴˹һһþǺÿ밢ӡ
Σү첻æ𣿡˵õҪ̸أ
ϡӣﻹ˵ϱˣѾֻҪȣʱȻţǽ
ŷģ߰ģһ߸߲ȴǼòС
Ǹ߲ȥµүһֻһүˡ
ѰߵӪʣֲðȻȥֻܾôţһȡһʱ
һһ£ǲǸˣүѹû
߲ҲżҧҧһţӲͷƤǰү
棬ź֪Լʲôһ͸߲ˡʱͿһҲûֱܿø߲
߲ͿүһøС˹ڶ˻Сӣֻү֪ôСˣСŤͷСץŵ½ﹰ˹
һһ˹Ĳò˵ģǰϲСߡ
СһһƲƲ죺ɵǲС˵˻˭һʱ˹ıôҲѽɵٲͿ޸
һСģˣѲ˹ĴӹٶͿˡ
󻹳ںһһӸ飬ѹûԼС˳ɶֵġ˺ãȻҪһߣ
Сһһ
һ±ƵģϽ͵׵ļݱ
һԿȫ̵ĸ߲ôүһźı飺
Ȼүûͦˣôүʱǰүһ磿ʱ׷ʲôˣ
󿴲Сˣ˱飬ָƽʱĳģǲ߲߲ôˣ£
ûûС߲æҡͷܿĿģףүǲҪˣΪֻоˣԷ֪үԸ߲˵Ҳûܻ䡣
շӳһ㶣ʱŲȥǻмǰˣҪ𣿡ǰ־Ҫһ£߲֣ͣʱǵǲѡ
ž飬ں֪ʶ߲ʲô͡
ʲôͻȻһĿ״һְֻ£ڴߵͿһǷҪǰˡֻнñһһܱܹȥ
ĵĿٶ˵ү㻹ֵܱĸһЩ
һԵĸ߲ţ⻹ү
ͬĲ˹һ𱻸ϳӪʡ
źվڽյĻǰ̾ϢһһԵĸ߲ݼͦðôͿأ
߲ĳǡ𣿡ҲֻүһôΪˡ
ȻصӪʣһºֻ¸߲Ÿ߲ɿĸĿ⣬鼫ãͿһһϢһõϢ߲Ҫĸ
߲ûүոǹ״̬ϻܾʱүǺ˼پơ
رһһδ飬Ϊ̫žòԾ̽ʵϢ
ָϥǣû⣬Ҳǰ
߲ɿү֮ǰķӦɫŵˣһȻ෴ôëëģ
󣺡Ȼ³˵Ҫ˵һõϢˡ
߲Сʳʲô
ǵЦһһˡ
߲⻰̲סԾſ죬·شµɸУ֪үĴ̼Ǳϲŭˣ
ڰ֪ʲôүСӳˣ
үôͳˣ
ڸ߲ڲʹļʱƽһ䣺ǾǱ
߲֪ǰ仰ϵһΪ̫㵣һʻȥһǿʼãʲʲôáʲô
ڰ֣ˮ񵽱ԱߵɽǾһһġ߲εģպҲסҪһһվ;ߣһһܻסǡ
ɣҲˣպ󹫲ݣˣʱȻҲܽһжԼϡ
߲һţûסһãá
ɶɶ˼ܲ˰


96 

һֱھӪʴùŲ뿪, ֮ǰ޲ýСһһҲԼӪȥ
СһһȻðĲϲϲĻǵ͸ɵһ, Ͽ϶Ҫŵ, ǾԲܸĵġ
һֱûô˯, ԵȾһһȥϴιһ̣Сһһ˯ˡ
ǾӪܶаԱ߾ǾӪʣԾҲģ·ȥԱߵĶԡ
һͷʪĳʱоӪ, ΢һڰƤӵôö֮, Ҳֻˡ
, ²ƹ, ȻԼĴϴ˿һˣ, ˯һͿСӡ
һĳ׷ùȥԱ߲ͷ
ͷͿһĻһ˫Ҳƿôֱž
ûʲô, ֻǲŲŶԷڸʮߣ̣ûס̧һۣʲô
ѾţĿȻھ, Ϊ³Сһһ, Ҳʾ⣺ûʲô, 㿴
˵껹潫Ŀתһԣ·ѹ쾰
΢һЩջĿⷢһ޷ӵϣʵʷ·ҪˣѸ̧ۿȥƿĿ⣬Ⱦջأְת˹
ֻؼΣʱתʱպöϾѹûջصĿ⣬һ㶡
漴޹ﴽ¶һЦݣΪﻹյĳȵ
üɴ಻ˣǿۣ뿴
ͷɺߵһԵԵһˮһſԱ߻ϵˣûסѹүǲʲô
Ȼ˼ȴװɵʲô
ûйֱүǲҵӪʲģڸڣת·Ĺ˻ﲻˣ
ɴ໻һƣֳԴһͷīɢϡ
ôţ·ɫ𪣬˿̴ӾǶȿȥǺһͼ
űӵĶôһͿԷգգۣ޹зִ˯ģӶˣһھҪģ˵ֿͷֿģ顣
һáڣ´αˡ
ѱһţָָſڣ롣
̾ϢһεûŲߣĶһЩĲϵʹüۣǶСһһģò˵Դ֪һһƣһһĴŷ档
֪Сһһ˭ˣСʱǼģѹûСʱǸЦġ
˿ô̾һվϧͷͰͳԼ˯С̣֪Լҵϳţһһͷģ֪ĻΪ
ߵʱ̾Ϣһͷһ壬˱Ĵ󹷹ʱԹ΢һƳί·𾰳׷С
磬㻹ݵøһ
ò˵֪ݵģĻ˵˿Ÿ⼸һģһˣģ̾Ϣһˣүһһϣ֪ү᲻һһͽԼӪʡ
һΣ´Σ룡
󿴼ƻóѣ¶һϵЦݣƣҶġڸžʱȴ̲סˣԺͲˣ
ϱȿͷ϶ǲ˵ġ
ԭΪѾ˼϶ʲôû뵽ԷСӡ
м价ŵСһһԷֽŶʵʵСһһ
Сһһ˯㣬էȻ˯ŵģǱۣСһһֱķ棬һһСô䲻ǰӪͶһƽɫĻԹڸϣһͿ
ʵҲǲԣֻҪүһֱôʵʵģȷҪһһ顣
Ŵƽʱʱµ´үӪﵽʱڣȥϴ˳ȥӪʡ
߸һߣۣŵóѵЦݣˮܣͲŰ
ȾӪʣóһݵ˵Ҫһһ񣬾ʱڱ߹ʱѾ͵͵ˣֻǵʱܹҵĶ࣬Ҳֻһʽ
ἰЩɣڹ¸鷳Ժԥ
ȶҲ۳߳ӪʱѾϴ׵˳СһһҲʰˣӪⶺСһһ档
翴ģȻΪǸһһǶĺøоүģҲΪԶܵĸ飬ֻҪ˸Ҳͷˡ
֪һһԼĹ⣬Ϊ̫ûʼһһһȰҪ´ʱҲһһչȥ˵öԣʱԭܰ죬һһȻѾȥˣ԰ǰ˵õ̲ס۾Ǵ죬Ѿ׼ץܵĸֶ
һϲģû뵽ôһϲ
ڹ鷳⣬ϴ缫Ȱ˵ջͬˡ
ϴΪ׼Ķ٣ȻСһһץһ֧ǺʣǶ̫١
ʵ׼Ȼ׼ˣҲ뿴պСһһϲʲô
ȻˣôҲԸȥȵϣ£˾Ӫʡ
ΪҹԷ˯˺ܺãҲûʲô׵ľٶǷģҲûԡ
һжֱЪ˾Ӫ
ֱڶҪһһųһǽԼļƻ˾һһϣһһҵĹ⡣
ѾЩ˯⣬һ㶣ƫͷȥȿ۵׵棺㡭үʵûҪ̶ֳȣʵ˵˵һ˵һһ㵱ɵҲԡ
ҡͷ֮ǰѾҸԼ¶˳ȥ߲꾩꾩˾֪ӦҲǰ㣬Գ͵ԹλģΪ൱һΣʵԲ˳Щ길ʵȻڣԺóȵ۵ĺ˼λİմڡҲϳЩѾвϵˣҲһ
֪ЩģҲµܰ쵽ڹۡ
ȴǼᶨҡͷҶ˼㲻κ⣬һҲĳȵۺˣʱϳӵҵǻΪۡǸʱ뽫һһϻǻϳҲԺһһ˵Բ˳
պǣĶֻ̫࣬һȷʱϽ֪࣬һϻعҲ˹Ԥ
ȥ˯Сһһˣ˯ø죬֪Լҵ͵ڲĵ¡
˼ǻǰϻӺ͵ǻϻǲһģϾݲͬպǣҲͬ
һүһʵ۵Ҳǲͬġ
ǲ֪һһҲˣȻǣôպһһλôͲκ⡣
ʹһһ̳лλҲѡ񣬿Ȼа취Ҳպһһ˷顣
վһһСãǾ˵ɡǰ˻ῴһ˿ȴ˿塣
󿴳˼̲סǰСһһۣʲôأôʱ˷㣿һһϻߣĸֻǰǰӡպ󡭡֤һһҲס
û뵽ôȫҲΪĿǸЩûеһʱл㶷ʵʲô
սߣѹõ͵͵ģڶߣҪˣһȻ⻰ǿЦģʱϷһ¶Էÿοģ;һжֵá
Ȼ̶ͨݺݵһۣھŭǰǰҧһĶռ˱˾ܣȴһ߳ŭ㣡
ȴ˫۷Ƿʲôԭǰġ
ٹ˲ϱģ˵Ļǰ죺ɱɣͲǱԷװƭ˰ɣ
ǻڲ


97 

ڶСһһ, һ羰Ѿ֪ȥԱ߰һһСר¶ƵĻ
û뵽׼ôȫ̲סҡͷЦЦ, ǰպ, ȴ뿪, պΣٴ˿ֻ̣Сһһ
Сһһ޵ɫͺ棬ԭԼҵŹǷͻȻԱһ׵Сѽ
һñùΪѾ³, Ҳ, ԸСһһ׼·ᱡ
ó洩ĺɫСӶǶ, ŷýɫ˰ָ, ʽΪÿͬɫµ筺ɫɵ¿, ͷҲý˷ĸơ
һ״ϺСһһǴӻĸޣͺÿ˿̱筺ɫ·һ, Ǻÿ᲻ƿߡ
ʱСһһģ۾Ź⣬ϡ߹ȥСһһСϣļҵСޣôôÿ֪ĻΪͯ·أ
СһһȻ˵, ǿ, ¶һЦ, ֺ߽СڵСģֵЦˡ
֪Ҫ磬ǰҲò׼ıĶ·һר˶Ƶģǻ˼ġ
ͬɫİ͸ɴԽ£Ҳý·Сúһ۵СþֱпģҪǸվһ˭Ҳ˵ǲǸӵĻ̫ˡ
ڿԼҴſԱҲһ£Сͬʽֻǲ筺ɫģɫ΢һЩȴһǸװ
һ֪һģߴٶȥϡ
ǻˣȳĹӴ߳ǾԼҶֵܵҲ̲ססˣ̲סԼ
ȻҲòôģôô˿أ
ⷴӦЦˣ磡
籧СһһһʱоӪʶò٣˿װʲô˼ˡ
⵱Ȼ˵ƽʱŲÿǰҲÿƽʱװ򵥣ɫĳ߸Ѱľ¶ԸգΪ˳·ר˷˵Ƴ׳г
εϸĺ⣬뵽⸸һ࣬϶˶޲ѡ
ֻǵȾ뾰߳ӪʣԶԶƼ߹ʱ
뾰ͬʽۣ˴Сһôһģһġ
̲ס˿üһΪǸװֱǼͥװ
鸴ӣȻҲⱩ¶ЩȷһС˶
Ҳû뵽˸һģһ·㡭
ȴ½󣬵Ϳһװ֪ģôˣһһ磬ϲӣ׵Ŀ϶Ҫϲһ㣬ȻҲҪϲ졣һһֻһ磬Ȼ죬϶Ҫǲǣ
۵ȻĿ⣬룬û˵ߵĻͬϽЩʿһһ磬һһ˾ͺã˶Ͷɡ
罫˵ĶԻУһֻƻٿһʵȴǸСõĶܣ̾Ϣһܰȷǹôֱˣһһȫǽڰɣ
Ͻ͵õ֪ͨ˵ǽҪӾٰ磬Ҳǰ
Ҳû룬þһѰᣬ˵֣ôﾰ˵ĶӰ죬˾ĶӵӣҲ
ֻǵʱ䵽רžٰĴӪʱĸһȦ˵Ӫſڵһϲĸ߲
߲ƼΪ׵ϽЦУϽˣҼСӵĴӣλҲԺúȺá
Ͻ㵭Ľʿһ£֪ǲǴôֵֹģӣ˼ԼСӰᣬô˻߾ӣ
ݴ̤һ£ܲõķ·һ˱ϯλǺ᲻˵һ£źϲġ
ˣмרſճһյأ˺ɫĵ̺ǰʲô
ΪһԿ֪ӦСץõĶ
ǱǾ˵Ķ磬Ȼӣ׼Ķȥ
Ҳ˶ѣûģ˿ȴĪ￩һ£Ͻģ̲סʵϣ⡭ʲôںӣ
ĻǴʧһֺĺûᰡ
֮ǰ˶ˣҲ֮ǰĴǼ٣šǾ˰ɣԺ˳ˣûãİݼǴֱϮ
ϽҲһ㶣֪ݵģպɲֻһү˿Ƽ⣬ѹͷɻ󣬵ɷү˼
̲ҶԣʱһҲнŲһĽŲҪ񣬿һ̧ͷһһСסˣ˷Ӧ
вǼ˼ҵСӣҲֻżԶԶƼһΣֻ֪ǸüõСޣλͷһξá⺢ӱڻĺãǻͯôڻ߳һһСŻһģһǡһ
ͷһ𣬲ΪԼˣ̧̲ס۾ȥһһС͵͵Աüۣ֪˭һʱûס͵;һ
Ⱦ꣬͵ʶðˣֱͨء
⻹㣬žǰ߳ôһСüۡԲۣ֪ĻΪһڣ
˶±ˣ˷Ӧ
߳ҪĩβȥסˣСһһƽʱչˣҲϰ߾ˣԶһףߡ
ĽȻȲ¶ӵ£ǵҪһһȻʱҪһݡ
׵λ·һЩſվŶһµˣ°ɣǺӣҲؾнС
˻̻һۣȴ˼죬ڵľӶ࣬үλ˵СӡҲ̫ˡѵΪźӣ
ҪصĻεȷˡ
ֻŲɫ˺ڵĻںͷֻٴοڣλ£һ£λҲ֪ˣҼһһ񣬲أǲġ˵һһǶ³һҲĸǰΪһЩ֮ǰһֱӽտʼǲˡ
˸һ㶣漴ͷýдҪϾһӣʱʲô
СӳǺãֲүĹ⣬³һĺ³һʵҲû𡭡
ֻͷһתÿģͻȻ͵͵͵ٴȥ׵λãһһСżһģһ۾񡭡һģӿ̳ġ
ǰɡɣ
żڣڶ£Ǿǡ˵⣬ͻȻǰĵĺͺóԵĲòеСһһ˫־СһһҲǱһճӣҲպӡȻչСӣҲСӵ常
仰˵һŽԭأʲʲô
ԭ㵭ϽҲɵ۰㿴ȥүǺ⣿λǵճӣպӣֱ˵λԺġ̫ӣ
ɡⲻǾ˵Ĺ
˻عҲģүСӳôʵĻ˺䣬ô⻹Ҫ𣿿϶ΪСӾүðֻǰһֱڴ̣ү϶һǣСӣǹ˵Ǿ˵Ĺ⽫
찡ү뾰ô£˵뾩ǲǾΪ˻Сӵĸ뿪
ԭһʼүһֱӾͳδү常
ĽĿھϣֻϽ˵ʲô
Сһһں֪ʶʲôֲõ˵СӳøСʱһģһٿˡ
㣬ǲ̫ˣϾδ̫֮λ
ڹۣϽֻܽһвȥүôҲԼĿ
ô룬ȷǰ˵ģΪδĻʵۡ
Կô֮δҲû룬ϾүһԼĹѪҲûʲôϵ֮λҲûʲôүԼͺá
Ψһ֪ϽʱҲðȻ˵һ˺ܿСӵĵճݣʼĿںСӡ
Сһһ֪ô£ֻЦǳǰӣϡòУǺóԵģ
³һû뵽龹Ȼô˳˿Сһһ󳤵ûлɡ
ڶץܣмĽƿ˲׵жλСӡ
ѰСⶼѰ˵īֽЩҲǾ޽еϡһǶűʯذףΪԷһеʵģֻΪ˵Сץá
ʶ̲ס̾м仹һֻȻǴ֮ƽʱǧҲ򲻵Ǳȥ
ʶλճСӵжӣҲСͷѰССӰ档
СһһСһһŵߵλãȥɣһһѡϲġ
СһһѾߣҲԻͷȥףٶȺܿ쳯мȥ
Ҳû뵽ѰôණϴСһһѡǺʣ֪ζˣ᲻ѡġ
̲סȥ󣬺ƫͷЦЦֱ˿ָӾġ
Сһһһ·ǰСһסжֵߵıʯذףģһһϲ
󿴵ذһ㶣漴Ц
ڽʿҲ̲סϲȻȮӣպСӶһԱ
̲סΣһλץǺأȷΪͷжÿǷˣСϲÿĶ
СһһͬʯذһʱӪͻȻ߲үˡ
Ӫһü˭ˣѰˣ߲ڹ档
߲һ£棺̫


98 

û뵽ľȻǻ̫, Ҳ⣬౻ִôϢ, ǻ̫סˡ
һ, ֻǻ̫, ȴû뵽һֱˡ
ȥ󣬱Ͼ̫ĸͬģȵ۱͵ۺ̫󲻿һ㶼̫ΪһЩ¡
Σڳȵ۲ƽ, Ҳǲ̵ġ
ſڵõ, ûӪ˵ı, ֱӶ˵մϲ, 绹ûȴ̫ȥԱЪЪ, ԺϽһͬȥ
ϽԭδܵӰɿ
Ԫϣĵϻʵۣϻʵ۽λøȵ, ҵľǳȵۡ
ʱȵˣ֪ǳ͵ҲΪȵ֮ʣЩŶԳ͵, ͵Ǻȵ۵ײ˵, ̫Ҳǣ, ôһҲûҪˡ
οȻվ˶ӣǾֻ
Ͻ֪飬ʿȴ֪Ϊ죬²үӦȵ۴򱧲ƽǸȵۺ˼λ̫վڻԼǱߵġ
ʱڽСһһŵչ˺һһȥȥ
ȥкܶ໰Ҫ̫˵ףãӪʵ㡣
üⲻùǣļֵͷСһһСԴ̧Ͻ뿪
̫ʱĵҲûף౾ֻǹ̸еģ˭֪ϽȻֱӽ˸ѺˣҲͬʱܶ಻Ϣ
̫󿴹ùЩһ󲿷ǲôŵģȴûףϾꡭ͵۵ȷǡ
Ǵ˿̱ôã̫һԽ³ơ
Ͼϻʵ۵ֵͬܣҲųġôңΨһϽ˱Ҳֻˡ
ɷ䴫Щ˵͵ɱţЩǼٵģ򡢷򡭡ǻĳˡ
ֶĻʵ۲ôĺݣͶҲ˵ˣŵµӦԼպΪλɱ޹
̫һʱ˺ֱܶ࣬ĻƿӪʱ˲٣̧ͷȥ˼Ϊߴһ筺ɫĽ۳ĵöԷθ
ΪŹ⿴ݣȴǼǿһ̤һſ׳ǰüɢȥɢ벻ŴĮƹüۣһʱ侹̫
֪ΪΣ̫ܾöԷģͶ
Ͻ̤ӻ֣Ӫʿ£κ˽
ӪֻʣˣϽȿһû˵ֿ̫󣬹񣺡ϳ̫
󾲾վûڣĿȴ̫ϣȴ̫һİˡ
̫òڣλĴ࣬϶Է״Ųʵۺֶš
ҲŲ̣ܽƽʱûУÿҪĽգԷĴָ
ܿջĿ⣬̫ԱûڣϽֻ˵ι£
̫װɵȻƲֻͬ̾ϢһϽҲµˣһΪ˻ģΪʦġ
Ͻһ㶣Ҳһü
ϽѸٿٲ̫󣺡ʻϳ⣬ʦǡǲδѰʦ
̫üֻŲ˵ҲŰңҲµˣ˴Ϣ˵Ѱ˳ȵۺˣҲǴöԷλġҲ֪ʲô취ա
Ȼɱ˳͵ۣ˵Ϊ˳ȵ۱𣬿ɱ׻һ㣬ǴȥҲʺϵʵۡ
ʱˣҪܻ
ǳ͵ǷǵģùʦʵֻۣҪǲԣҲĬˣ಻
Ͻ⣬ȴҲ̫˼ɫӹŹ֣˵ʦǳȵ۵ĺˣ
𣿵ʦɱ˳͵۵ǰذȵ͸ȵ۵ģһǵذסܲϧһдɱ˳͵۱ģгȵ۵ܲµҲֻйʦǳȵ۵ĺˣϽ˵Ѱ˳ȵ۵ĺˣȻʦ˽ȥ
ϽΪʲô̸УҲΪʦǺˣ߰ѱô޼ɵ
Ͻɫȴѿˣʦǳ͵۵Ĺ⣬ҲǵĴӣֻΪʺΪ̥˶ѡ
̫֪µģô˵ѣʵذףܡ˵ˣô˿˻
ϽȴЦˣֻ۵ûЦ⣺ǲ֪屾һ
̫ȻţǲϳǲŹࣺ嵱ֻϹʦڣϹʦ֮
ϽϹʦᣬھлһ˻ᡣ
̫ڽ⻰˽ȥü˭
ϽǰʥŮͬʱҲǵȵۻؾ̳лλǰȢӡ
̫͵̧ͷſ⡭
ˣȵۻؾʱʥŮѾУҲ˵ȵ۵ĺˡֻǺȵ۱͵ʥŮѰʱֻȵۼݱϢ̥һӡʥŮΪʧѪ൮̥ûþͶǰӽ˵ĲɲֻܽǵȲܽʥŮ뿪֮󣬳ʥŮΪ˱ڻʺ󻻵Ĵ֮취˻ɱϽ뵽һĶԹȴЩúúûŵĺһͱЩѪծһеףǳ͵ۡ
һ֮˽ôˣ˿ûл⡣
̫ء
̫ɫҰףЩ΢ڱϣЩŶǼٵģϽ˵ǳ̫̫׵Ļ˵
ʱֹ̧˵ȥޱ鿴̫󣺡ʣµ˵ɡ
̫㱿󣬷Կ͵ʱ㻹Ķշ˵紫ǱһжֻǴţҪ
󳰷Ц£ƽ̫󣬡͵ۺͳȵ۶ֻΪ͵һֱߣȵϲܣҲĻλڹʱ٣Գ͵۵ĸɼʹԶ̫ôƫģ֪һɱһӻô̹Ȼ֮ʮĸТһ֮ѹ𣿡
̫һɷףŴ˵ǣͣģͶ˵⡭
˵ʲôˣˣЩ˵ԼֻŻһʵ۵Ķӣɱ˰ֵɱ˷ֻʵۣ̫󣬲ܼٻĬЩƭĻ
ʱˣΪЩˣ
˵͵۶Һã̫ɱ𣿻˵һͲµˣ㲻ؼ⣬ֻΪɵĻλ
ҪκǱڵвԲǸһճûõĺ涾ҲûʲôһôȵĻλ
ҲûʲôǸֶѣлλҪ
Ҳûʲôֲֻһ塭ɱˣˣЩ֪ȥ˶ˣŰġҪϣԼĶӶţһһаģ
Į̫ĻȫֹסΪԭȻ˶
Ͻ̾Ϣһ̫ϳֻȵۣǳȵۣ͵һɱ¾ҲТʲ壬ĻʵۣϳϡΪǸʵۣɱ˶޹֮ˣĶ֣ǳȵ۵ѪҲڻ̫࣬Ĳ֪Ϊγ͵۵ǻȢ˻ʺ󣿲ǵ˺ı˳ȵֻۡǻصˡ
һЩҲὫ˿Ѻ
רȨʹӸﻵˣֻγ
̫ҡҡ׹֪Ķ̫࣬һʱ侹޷ȫϽ˵ĺ޲ֻǲ룬¡޷ࡣ
̫ɫ׵ˣ֪Ͻ⣺ǸӣǸĶ
Ͻȴû˵ǿ
̫˳Ŀ⿴ȥͻȻ棬˵ʲôȴ޷ڣҲû˵ֲáֲ˳͵ۣԭ͵ۣ񡭡ȵۡ
ȻƽĮ̫ûκɱҵɱҵо綾޷̫ңô
̫ûס̧᣺ˡǴش
ȴûٿֱ˳ȥһʼЩνѪԵϵ˾ûκڴ̫ԣǼİ˰ˡ
ֻǵ̫ĳӰ쵽ȥ˾Ӫʣƹ翴ڴ϶СӵľھŲתʱ̲סǰ˱ס
һ㶣ͷϷһұ
ûٶֻƬֱ̧̺ۻסԷԷİοֻҪҪڡ
һߣ̫Լ뿪ˣȥϽϽһ뵽Ҳ⣬ӻ֣߰ɣȥŵ¡
˭͵ºܣЩȵۡҳ˶һһˡ
࡭׵塣
ֻϽû뵽̫ع󲻹գһʥּѸ£ǻµĶԸλ̳Ŵ󿪣ӭµ뾩


99 

󿴵ʥּʱû뵽, Ϊ̫󻹻һ¡
Ͼպ˻ʵۣô̫λñס˵׼
ǰ䲼ʥּĴ̫̫ź, ɫҰ, ϹϾ, ȻպҪڹйЩֺǰλǳ·
ûнʥּһԵϽӹ鸴ӵͬʱ
ɿһ, ҲˡϾ̽Ϣ, ̫ȻΪŰ, ǵȵ۱, µȷ̫޹ء
ȵ۵µ̫Ҳº֪ΪԼԳ͵۵ƫ̻, Էѡ
ϽȻ̫
̫㵹ʡǵ²˵ҲܱĴʱܿĻ꾩İա
Լ౳֧ĳ٣Ҳ˲, Ĵôཫʿ£׻˼޹õİ취ǲ
̫Ҳûʥּ, ϾҲֻһʽ, Ѿǰ϶£¡, ǻϣūػ꣬ū뿪ǰ̫ūϵģ˵Ͽ֪ʲô˼
˵ţڵߵףͷ˫и߾˫һεĽУǿʲô
ޱ鿴ţϽթǰһǰи˹ܿ˴򿪣ȿĶ£ͷһɫĽС
ɫոүӵʥּһģһдʥּ߷ּġ
ǰʥּȻһҲǣôֻǷּ̫Լµּ⡣
Ͻӻ˰Ǹ̫ºŷ½УС򿪣ݵǰү⣿
ùۣûκβҲ⣬һ̫ݶŵķּѾ˷£֮һּͶϵķּҲǽԼպ˽С
ŹôԽּȥȹһ˽⣬̫гƹŷ飻ԸŹôּҲԲ
һеľȨС
ϽҲû뵽̫ôϣȻЩȨƣôүȻᵽʱͬһã˵ڷ䣬ڹǲܵġȻ̫ԼĻڹ֮ıҲȫ֣Լ˳ȥ
Ĭǵּð֣ؾ˵
ϽɿϾ˶һãʱһĺôжԣ̫󡭡ϵȷûд㣬˭á
ּ֣Ҳֹ̫պ
λʥּԼּǱҪ򵥶ˣҲھӪδ̻ؾϽλҳһֽʿ˾ʼӡĻһɡ
һʱ꾩ΪɣһΣĻһɣһ²ؼδйǣĳһɾһɣôҲû뵽ö˶˵ģôͻȻҪλˣ
˵Ҫλøȵ۵ĺѵǼٵģڣһʼֻڣ
ǵΪ̫Ŀ˼ã˽͵͵ĺĶûлųȥģһһ֪гһᵱʵۡǿ϶㲻ҵλ
Ȼڶλ⣬ҲûʲôϾȵ۵ĺҪλҲֻ˵ûȷҲû˵ȵʷʱһҲȷ
֣ͬóߵķٲǶ̬͸ˣ벻νˣȻԸѡǰߡ
ο֪֪治֪ģ͵ۻǳȵ۰ܣأ
һϽڳһʱҲǱ뷻ϢǶү֮ʲɿ
º󣬳мѪһɶϽԼЩڳĸľɲͬʱҲ忪ʼǰȵһɵ꾩ĳ
ʱҲװҪ꾩ǰһʱ仹磬һֱھӪﲻϻȥ
һ˵˵磬Сһһʱһϣ涼ĵģֻѲߵʿʱĽŲ
ŻװСһһˣĿڣɫôˣҪүˡ
»Ȼô˵Ҿ͡
⻰û˵ȶϾЦЦĿʱͿһ֪ԼмˣԼ˼˵˳̾ϢһվҪȥˣʱ϶סҽҪ׼ǻ˲һֱ˵Ҫüգ˵һղҺü𣿡
Ͱ͵ĿţѧСһһʱı飬ƫƫѧÿ죬Ѿѧˣÿαôžķ𣬵ǡһ繬ˣѵһһ˯ԼѡɣСһһҪһղҪ
ԼССٿļϵˣ̾Ϣһˣ˭ǸøأΪֻ̣Сˡ
ҲҪ칬̿϶첻͹ʱ򿴵Ӫô£
֮ûд֮ҲͰˣƫƫ
Сһһӵ»ֻǾӪĽʿ֪ǶߵˣʱûдȥֻȽ˹幬Ŀ֮˵
οСһһҲú;ֿԾȲ
ѾվʱͣͷҲЩᣬֻŴûֳүϽȥɣҲ˯˼ʱ
ֻ߶߶Ļû˵꣬ͱͻȻ˹ס˴˸ϡ
֪˶ã˷ſֻģ́ۿü뱡ľˣ뽫һȥ
ڻع߳ŭϽߣ뵽ԷոյĶŲӣˣһӡӱ˿컹ˣ
˳ĶȥԳͿһģûӡӵġԼ϶οУ˵ҧġ
Ǵȡ˸ϳӪʡ
תȥ̽ͷңҴ깬е¾ȥ￴һһ
һתͷۣôûߣ
ȴڿʱһ㶣ֱĲӣ㡢ǡһӡӡ
һͷȥȴǳûͷ£ƭġ˵꣬ھعŭǰӪʣ¾ԼӪʡ

ڶ컹ûȻ羰µǰ㹬̾ˣƺĹһֱӵӪ⣬ͣ档
ˣûеȼ𣬶ǾֱݵϢվſڣĶ
ת̿ʼʻ룬ƿĻһǿȥþûջߣֻǲ֪ǲǴ߳һξ룬ͻȻӱƿƺͷһֱۣ̿ûջߡ


100 

Ҳ֪Ҫع, һˣӪʵʱֶĸ磺ʲôʱģô˯һ
ѾСһһ·, Ϊʼ, 洩ֻһĶǶ, ɴ£ֵŶǶǲ
ҹûô˯ãЩڣǲԣж˾͸ɴˣЩţʿһȥ
翴û˵ƣҲû취, µ, عҪǵ֮, лԼһ˵ô, ЩһɣôﶼҪ
Ҳ, ĵĻǶܣϽǴ󲿷˶֪Ĺ⡣
Ϊ˻ȥԾ㵽ʱϳ뷴Ҳû취, һȥͻСһһס
ӣֻһǣˣȢһҲȢˡ
, ȻЩʱҲԶܵĸ, ҪЩϳĹˡ
һŽʿ, Ϊǵܵ͵Բûκע⡣
һ˶̴ӵѰ磬ѡʮ˸Ž˾ǰµĸۡ
һڸ׵
ھҲ󣬼Ҳ٣ͷԸɹȥİһ󣬲վͽұˮйͨ
ԾһϢӺ˸С
չȻ羰ǰµǰ㣬ֻʱʱԼ䴫Ϣ౻˴һ˵Ҳץˣ֮ôþҪµ۵ǻô˵
µ۵ǻʱǴ̽Ϣպ
֪ǻʱιСһһԸʳѾһ࣬ǣ߲·֮⣬ЩʱѾʼ࣬˾ҺȻû˹ʳģǹá
СһһĳʳȼҲȥˣÿ쾰˱ŻóСһһԡ
ȻܳʽĲʳţ⡢⡢⡢Ϻ⡢зֺóԵĶСһһԡ
СһһҲǸСԴӻﻹǵԼҵÿڴľһͣʱʱӲ͡
յĹһȦ۵СģϡĶڰİҲϡѡ
Ϣ浽ֻÿ۲Լ̺ԼҾڻûס͵Ǳ˾
˯СһһǳһȻ˱裬ԽԽȣֻҪһ¾һɴ¸Сһȷȣ˻ϴ·ȥԱߵĶԡ
ʱ򣬷ִ߶һӰҲĵģһ㶣µ˭̲ס˲ӡ
ƹ磬ֵȾٿһЩͷͻȻסֿ⼸죬ʵ̲סǾһ־ͻͷ
һ˫ھϣһ۲·Ҫ˸ɵʱߣ뿪ʱҲߣǻǸԡ
лкܶطû壬̫̫࣬ûȫûΣ֮ǰþһһա
ֻź̾Ϣһ쿪֣ұ
Ҳһ㶣գ˲٣ͷӿһۣѾԾͣ½Ų˿⻰ָǣιȥ
̹Ȼֱվ㲻ȥҹȥοȻСһһ˯ˣʱǻѣСӵоģһǰһͻȻˣ˿ǻ߳ŭ˵ġ
󼸲ǰֱ
ֻǿķǲ˼˭֪˾Ȼֱ͹ߵľһæȥϵСһһС˯һͿշģѾ󱧵һԺС䡣
ԭǾ統ʱר˴ģ¾СҵιõС䣬󣬻ܷա
ȻѾòС䣬һֱǿŵģȻʰɾƽʱҲòϡ
û뵽ûǴ̽һֱӰ˴Сţ˷Ψһİϣ̲סȥ

һʱ˱ȥϴ˸裬ԼҲϴˣΪû·ԸɴഩǾġ
Ϊ㣬ȻһûҲˣûͻȻҲýͻȻ»˵ˣ̲סڻǿסˡ
Ͼ仹иСӣʱʱѣʱҪ
ʹˣǰ˸۸ˣѹһ·ֱӳС䣬ڴϣ°СһȦ·ǿ׺ãǰͷ
ӰӰ´µĴɴֻԼһӰӣ󲻸ҿС˹ȥûֱÿ̽ԵͿһ
ѹûķ򣬲СһһӸСһһȷ硣
ͷӣֱǸո۸˱ž๫˳ˣ׳ŵӣ̽ȥһԴβǣۿ⿴ȥҴˡ
ȷĶͣһ£ּǲˡ
Ƕܿ谵˲ԣϻԼܿոµӡӣûס¶˶ЩԳ̾Ϣһֵֿһȥˣڹ⼸̫æˣûô˯òЩһһ͸ϽˡôûһʱЩҴˣˣԺҿ϶ˡ´ưѾˣʱˣ
ﲻ֪ĹУȻôæүϽعȥɡ
ֻʹɱϸԹƳ๫ǲ𣿡
͵ػͷһ˫ۻǰ۸δɢ⣬һۣ˻ʲô˵
ֺЦЦ˶ûúÿ̡
ĵǹ˭
£ңҡû̽ǰŲ˰ֱۡ
СһݲٵûģתȥȻѾˡ
˴СһһһߣҲѧžԴСһһмһС棬һҲܿɫľ⡣
֪󲿷ֶ˵ģҪڳվλŸȻϽİæĴܶ鲢ס
ʵΣ鷳𣿡
֪ԼҲûд󣬵Ҳûþ̯ˮԣЩ길ȻŲ£֪ҵ֪պҪ游ʱôȻҪˣԻ˲ˣҲˣҽ˲顣
Ҳûž⼸ջع¶˵һ飬뵽ǰĵһ£һ»ǿ˿ڣʣû鷳ˣֻﲻϳ϶ӵĻӵҲɣһЩϳѪðȻӡĻӸˣͻ಻ڣĻӵǸա
Ƕ˿˵Ҳš
Щϳлó͵ۺõҲץҧ͵Ѫ
һ㶣ⲻܼ򵥵£˵ȴһ£룬ԷĿ⣬ǿ˿ڣа취ӡĻǲǳ͵۵Ѫ


101 

һ㶣飿ô飿Ѫףȷַ֪, ͵ҪνĵѪȻû취쵽ġ
ȻҲµ뷨͵, Ȼû취νĵѪ, ο, Թ˶Ǹ취ʵϲ׼ȷ
⼸Ҳ˴˵뿪ʱ侩з£ȻҲ൱ʵڼ亦˲ٳӣӱ޿ɺǡ
Ļڴڼȷδʲô¶ԷǶԷǻĹѪպ, һǳ͵۵, һ
һֱû, ϳҲ֪׶ӡĻǲǳ͵ѪԵɡ
ҡͷǵѪ, бİ취ܰٷְȷǲǻá
빬ǰ빬ֻӴ, һǻ࣬һǳ͵ۡ
͵۵ȷˣǻлֻҪ˵Ѫϵͳһµ׶ӡĻûѪԵϵˣ
ϵͳ, ĵҲǻֶѣ񾰳ȱľǻ֣Ҳʲô
Ϊȣ⾰а취, Ǹٷ֮, Ӿ, ܿµʮʮ˼ȴĪӿһɲ
뵽ʱ򣬶ԷǸ̸и߲ӻ
лоǴһĲѪѪھϵǵ̺ۡȡСһһʱĺۼ
ǰδ룬ȻܣضԷɡʮʮȷ˵ѪԵϵͳ֪ʹνҽҲ첻
οôദνҽ
˵귢һֱôˣ
ȴֽ̽˻סھع֮ǰԴľѣΪм仹һСӣƸŤ
ҲΪҶû󲻰Ŀ⣬ȾȥϸʱѾǰɿ֣ѾָôһһĲҪˣĶȥ㣿
ͻȻ̽ôһ㲻ţˡ
ˣСһһڣǲҪ㣬Ҳ᲻ҪСһһ
һ㶣漴̲סͷһɣ˼ʲôʱüЦԭֻСĲİľôˣ㲻Ͷ˵꣬βһÿеĿ⿴
һʼû䡸Ͷ⣬Ȼع̧ᴸһ£߳ŭȸϽۻ˯СһһһһϹ˵ʲô
Ͻģ޹ԣҴˡ
ƾźƤǲһβûϳȥڶ첻žûϢ뿪ӺŻعˡ
ع;Ȼľ뿪ǿʼ˸ջѵ£ȵǻ֮Ҫ̰ţȻҪҪкĻЩϳһز̫ù
ȷǿּ󣬵պЩϳǲʵϵĻⷻԼϺܶףþίֻܽһжԼ
Ҫúô
߻صȥȡ˶ӡĻӵѪڻľ͸ףùڴĻŪѪǺ׵ģѪõð͹ȥ
룬ԼϵʱѪֳ˹ôⲻֳɵģѪ
ﲻ֪˼Ҳû𴩣ֻϱĳ˽۸ݵʱ򣬵ڶֱðУ˵ҪæѪûû취нܱš
һ˶ˣ⡢
Ǿ˵ķԸү˵ʱѾ˵ˣԺǾǾ˵ˣԺֻӾ˵ĻС
ԡǰĵһˡ
һΪʱͿ˸ᣬһ˾үԼ˵ġ
ȻǾ˵ˣȻӵģھӡǾ仰ֻӵġ
ǵڶִӹֱķʱղϻȵ̨ףˢˢһ³һŵİΪ׵һϥأͷţﻹ彣ŵ棺ȷ˵ڲκ˿
󣺣
ð죬˿ŵĹ⣬ٿˢˢһصˣЦˣҶ
һͷ϶亹Ǽֵ˵ˣκˡȻǰ˵ǰӡ
Ĭˣͷһθ̵ʶֵҪԡ
ֻܸŵ񰡣ĲҽŰ
شǷϨ˵ֻ̾Ϣһ
ڶ졭Ȼˡ
ôһ죬ƶٹʱллرУ̨һûֵʱе㲻ϰߣܺˣϡ氡
ʱŴ򿪣ƶˣˣɡ
û뵽ô죬Ϊ̸֣ܳȥͽһ˸⡣
磬ΪҪеǻʽҪȥ棬Ծǰˡ
Ϊ磬Сһһû˯ձϴװ׷ŵԼ棬գһºƵĴۣһͷһöûǲôʶˡ
ҲվڲԶѧһͷȶ϶ӾȻİ񣬶ʱĿڣһһߵŶ㲻ʶˣĵģ
СһһʱһµŴ齱ߵˣŬȥ󣬵ϳ󣬼ĸֱQ
Ҽһһϳ˰ҲüûһһǰչСһһ˯˾˯·ϣҲϡýСһһֱЦż¾Ѿ
ǽýȥ䣬ٳһĻȴûվڸԣıԵ˫Ц⿴һĻͷһĻüҲôһһˣ
߹СӳñͿ졣һԣһһһֻС֣дõֽݹȥȿ
ﻹСһһû֣ˡ
ɴֽ̯֪ģǴ򿪿ۣӵȷǻĹ⣬ĻӲǣӦõȷǳ͵۵á
㲻ĻûĸĴӦϣҲ󣬻ȻǣֻҪ治أǰҲˡ
֮ǰ²Ĳ࣬Ͼǵʱսʱϵģ١
ĻӲһǽʱղ֮󣬻ҲûӸ
ҴӻֶӵǻӵҲè塣
СһһǱ߿һЩҵǻӡ
ڵֽºߣһ㶣ּĶ֪ˣҲѾָԭְǰҲʼֵЩ겢ûôڸһл˵
󿿽һЩСһһСַģֱֻ־ôһþĿһҲһͿ
ҲһһҲҵǻʽǻʱҪȥ˳СһһݡǰֻСΧ֪仹ѾСһһΪӣӣչ󡭡̫ӡ
ջؾ̸СһһףҲͷ
յǻʱ򣬻һķţʱСһһȻҲҪġ
Сһһǿ϶ҪȥģݻûʱǲҪȥģþһ֤һ̡
Ķͷ̲סøžģͳպ壺񣬵ȵǻǳɻòã


102 

Ȼû뵽ͻȻ, £һʱǲ֪Ҫôش
ʱദɻȻǼٵ, Է, ԴӷֿԼԺʱʱӰҲʶ, Լ󲢲޶Եģο֮仹һһڡ
ͬģǰֻһֻһصүôȢȢһ޶νǰ˾ҪΪµ, Ϊһεľ
󡭡ЩϳͬȢ
һ, ջǲֱӾܾĵģ, ȻҲ޷˵ΥĵĻ, ֻ΢һƫͷҪҪɻ£ܲܳɻ¡
ǳɻ, Ȼ޹ءԿڣȴͬʱ˾⡣
ⲻǲԸ⣬ǵΪ빬Ϊк󣬵ʱѰ, Ͼյǻǰл˻ڻӵҪıĻҵˡ
ǵԼ
ʱ̲ס۽üɫ裬, õģƽʱСһһõóԵĶһģһ, תͷһ, ȴϵı飬ʵҶ˼ˣЩϳáͬǳɻأ
һ㶣̲ס̧ͷȥ󣬶ֳϿҵģɫһ㱣ߵĻҲ˵˳䶼ͬ⣬Ȼû
Ⱦ˵꣬ȴͻȻܵ䷭ʲôּܿŻŻֽīֽһţǰ˵ģ˵ƾдǩֻѺ
ô
ڣû뵽Ȼôдˣдĳĳĳգֳͬ䶼ͬͼΪ
ͬϣԼĴҲдˣһʱЦ
һʱôҲ˵䣬Ҳģһӣǩˡ
ǱʲôƵģŵµȷ罫ɣ̾ͱźãȻֿʼոδĻ⣺㿴أҪӣҲۼһһĺӣȷȥۼ֤𣿸οһһϸߵĻһչ˲ãٻСһô죿
ȻҲһһֿݣֲǹְˣôڹУ
֮ǰѾˣʱƽʱŵС̫࣬ΪǰˣһֱǴߵģԲ˻ɡ
ɿһۣ𣿡ôôɣҲϢúýȷͷˣ˴ߣ
ȴ޹ʵʵﳯЦǱǰƽʱСһһˣѧ˸ʮʮһʱþȷСһһŴӣСһһˣɹġ
ƫƫͳһס
ͬȥ˾˵£Դӻصк֪Сһһ˺Сһһв
ûô̫ˣԵڲڸҲ˷֡
ҲһӣεģҲҪġ
Եǲģֻ˼䣬ͿԼҶԼ˯һͿĴ뿪ˡ
һʱЩ꣺ԺҪԼҶĽ˹һȵ컹Ѱɣ
˹ʱѾˣֱӵƽʱסĵ
ΪʹµĺʱûɾѾԸȥû޹ĿԳؼң޹ķһӣҪôֱӳټޣҪô̫֮߷̡
ЩͲģȵǻʽھͻᴦãҲʱûþԭ򣬳ЩҪ½Ĺ̫Ųһ顣
ȴɾƻҪһ£ʱҲЩϳúµʱˡ
Ƶʱ󿪿ڣЩϳͻסϽ
ǰʹߣﱧСһһһӭ̫ƽʱźߵģ֪λݣûҶ졣
žСһһȥ޵ͻˣֻ´̫ࡣ
̫ϰߣСһһΪ˻ں֪˹İĻ̲סСߺߣ˼ںСϵûעԵġ
ô̫׼öˣ˳ԵιСһһź˯ˡ
ʱѾ磬ܿСһһЪˣûʵʵԱߣһһС㣬һҹûô˯
ڶȻµ첻ͿʼҪۡ
һжˣȥϴϴС̫ĳͿ̫Ѿվãÿﶼ̣ԼҪĶˢˢһģþۻҡ
Ӻʱ½ߴϣվһԣʼһۡ
ú棬ҪϽĹʱȴǻӻô̫վһԣһԵľ
ؿû
Ƴ۵ᣬٿȷû̾ϢһСӣ޴ϡ
ʵ˰СǺԼûסһۡ
ĵŲǱߣСᡣ
ǰ׺ŵӣ¸ˣȵǰֶԷ߲٣̧ȥѹȥͷ
Ҳѧոյģգգۣʲô
ɴսһЩ˾̣Ҳ״һЩھŽҪȥʱͻȻ͵ͷһЩպþɴá
ҲΪ˼ģˣھղֵʱ󵭶һ¡
һֱӰѵˣһȵġ
֪˵һԣܿɨһȦ˶̧ͷͷʼѹǱ߿ɿɻ̲סһۡ
ȴ͵ȳɹèգգۣ޹
ʱСһһ֪ǲǸо˹ͿʼСʼСҪޣҲ˲ǰȥ˱
ȻһСһһͲˣֻȦģԵɵɻ⣬ɵȿһ׵ɵۣһ˫ƵĴԲģˣģС֣ѽ
Цǰ߶ͷϵǰµҲ漴һΣſӳĵʣȴֿĲƷˡ
ֻϵСһһȴǸоֻǵ󿿽ˣ̲סС˷ܵţһץסǰӣϡòС
̫һ͵͵ȥһĻŵʹȥ»ϻᷢ𣬽ȴλµ۲ͷǰ˴գСץĸһЩ
̫ࣺȻϽϲСλƱҪģ
Ȼ϶һλǺϲģ
ֻͷ𣬾ͿµȴǸԼ̻ƻˣһһϲȻͷʽ͸档
̫൹һ棿ôˣ
ôһȫˣ⻭ǲﲻ̫ԣǻʵ۵ôСˣ
µⲻǶСϲǺܳ˰
Ȼ̫ˣպ֪ǿʼ
ǻʽǰȴžţһȥ˵ǻʽĵط̲࣬û뵽ľٰǷʱ
ľţɴԼСһһСһȫµġ
ǿź嫻ֺΡ빬Լٹ٣ǵһĴӣڻֻˡ
ֻãĳҲԺ̫ʱٹһ㶣Сһһ
ҪƲҪޣͿԼҵóŸӣɫһ
СһһʱֱС֣򶨾һԵĴ̫඼̲סпȻǵ̫ӵϣôС;ôסŵס棡


103 

ǻʽٴæ, ʼٳԼڸˣ;Ҳܰѳɻճ̡
Ͻѯʹʱųȵۺ£Ҫ, ֻǺ̫ôһλʥּʡǵ鷳, ô˿ˣ
ȴĪ, ٹ¾ͻ֪ˡ
ϽȻɻ缸¸ʲô𣬵Ȼô˵ˣҲֻܼˡ
ЩϳȴǵȲʼѯʣϽһһѹȥ
ôһ£ڱһ飬౻ն, һȫΪ, ǻһɵ, š
ǻ֮ӵҲһ¶, ͬն˱Ϊ, ӸֻҪûû뵽ı֮µŮԸĿԹš
پǻһɣϽ̷ˣŵţ˵ı, صľն
ĻǸһأ̻طأûؾ
ĻڼȥһΣ˵ԸⱻΪ, ͬ, ػǸ, ֻǽΪĻȥصʱһˡ
СһһȻ̫ȴûڹƽʱ;һţСһһԸ
ûеֻһһСһһôġ
СһһǸһڹ⣬ֻÿ͵͵ȥҹḸ
ȻҲǳ֮ƣĦЩϳҲÿˡ
µòűٻؾЩϳڶ½½ؾ׵ʼְǻ£ñٵŷٲʢչʱһϳȻյĺ󹬣Ͳסˡ
ϳȴסλµ۵˼һʱ䲻ðͷȥɳһԪȥѯϽ
ϽΪԼӵĹϵô볯õ£ְλԼڣڳ͵˺ɴ˹һڡ
ܱȺ뱲Ӻں󹬹¶ǿǽ֮ŮôνԳ͵Ҳûʲô飬ʱʱȥӸӴһʱ䡣
ε£ܶģҲӣӱҲλ
ǻŻӵͷΣʱµ۳׷ǻһͷΡ
Ͻ֪µʱԼҪȥɽͬʱһ㶣ԷĻĬã¡ϷûʲôøģԼǰɡ
Ͼɲɵ϶Ծ˵˼ֻҪǳ۾Ϳóǣ˵
õİ취ǲ롣
߲£ϳǼòᣬסУ䰡ǿʶôˣôδйøȥһʱʥϣҪǷ˻ڵĻǼôһڣ
ϽʹקԼۣŶãҪֵõǴߣ
Żһ˼ûаû˼ѡҲаɿյúܣ̫̫󶼴ᵽ㳣סˡʱͬ裿
ϽҲͷۣǴ˾ˣ
ⲻ̽̽һأϳȻ֪µ۷С̫ӣһﹻ
ϽȻˮҲ˵ƫƫЩϳģӦҪϽйĹǸơ
ÿ컻һϳأһնģϽûƢҧԼҪߵģʱڣ
һֱӵ˵ԼҪô죡
ǣȥºڵЩϳ
³֮󣬼ϳѵýϽק鷿֮һΪ׵Ͻ
Ͻͷװϵһڡ
һϳͿһӲͷƤǰϣϳ衣
Ǻʵһ٣۵ЦһȴǲԣҲû̧ͷǲҪ˵ʲô˵
ϳͷϵϲŭӲͷƤϵǻҲж࣬󹬿飬ǲҪӯ󹬻ѡˣ
仰˵꣬ϳҲҿ»ϻᷢǾȻʼǵˡ
̫౾ĥŵһ飬źϵġ
Ǻÿ϶Ҫȥ붼ܲµõƫƫ˻ֻһֱЪĵһš
ڴڻǰΪó裬ʵϡÿֻһյ޵Ҫܡ
ЩϳǲҪ𣿾ȻҪŻһþ˲ˡ
ƷǺʣ̧ۣŶ˵˼
ϽĬĬԱһˣɱҲŵһ޹ġ
ƫƫЩϳҲǱһ۹أϣҲôϣģϿԿһֻǽ顣
˵ȴһֱûͷϷΣµ̾Ϣһô˵ģû뵽λ䡭Ȼλô˵ˣҲҪ֪ģҲͲλˡ
Ͻһ㶣ôͻȻֲԤУ
ƫƫϳһ֪ĪǻҲ˼˵һֱûôἰС̫ӵĸѵΪݵݲؽˣ
Ҳظ֮ˣɽҲа
ڴļţֻµۼλҲ֪λؾʱǴΪȵƽҲó͵ЩĶ½¶˳ҲΪȵ۵ĺˡ
ϳһ㶣ö˶˵ô˵ȵ۵ĺˣ
ǵȷտʼ֪ʱȷóȵ۵ĺ˼λɺµۺãﻹб˼
˵ȵ۵ĺ˱ĺܺãֻʱ¶棿
һǴʱһ˵ģȻǰ˵ˣҲˡʵҲĻλҲǴ㽫ľסλȵ۵ĺ˵ġ
ϳŵһʲʲôҪϣ
ǺˣǲӦôߵģͲˣôö˶˵ûˣ
ϽһԶɵˣôԼеת䣿ϸȵ۵ĺ˲ͬһ
û𴩣ֻǼͷš
Ȼ̾Ϣһֹ̧ϳȰ˵ģĽһˣֻϧԵ޷֣ԷҲԸϲãǴԶ볯÷ŵġҪޣ޾ǿһʱʵۣʱˣ޻λȵ۵ĺˣʱ޻úð׵̫Լȵ۵ĺˣ͡
ʣµû˵꣬ӻ˼ȻǴֱӳˣ
Ͻһһ㶵ģɶô֪˲Ǹүٯٯ
̫ŵһīˣʲôô֪ϻ
ϳǸᣬôˣ
ȻҲȰˣ޶ԲסǻãֻǺ£һһԭޣҲϼ޸ޡοҲͬ⣬պί˵ʲôѾ޶İѾˣǵպλźˡ
ϳ֣Ҫϣ΢ôܲͬ⣿˭Ҳͬ⣿
ûǵ˼̾ϢǸӡ
ϳǣ
һԵϽʲôһµۣͬһϳ׻Ǿº˵˼ˣأ
ϳǶһۣȻû뵽ϾȻһӣ
ܿǾʶԷ˭ˣĪǾǾˣ뾰ǰͻϴأС̫ӣ϶ǻ˾˵ģǡҲ˵ҾͳҰ
ϳǶһۣܿһ˵ȵ۵ĺҲǸײӵĸİһӣǾְ֮
һ𣿲
סһλҪ˵ˣ̫ˣ̰ˣñƻϵģѾ̫ˣˣôͲ֪أ
һϳҧؿڣϣǲǡֻҪܵóԸͲˣ
̾ϢһȻֻǡˡ
ϳ仰ͷˣȻǰҲԻ⣬ãҲƾԲأһۣϣ¾ͽ΢ˣ׼ɣý΢ǵˣ
ﻹݣһ᣺⡭Ϊλɣ
Ͻɫܸű˻µǮϳǣֻؿڣ緢Ϸģ΢Ϊѣⶼ΢Ӧģ
ȫ̵Ͻаɣǿľͺá


104 

ϽԼϳ߳鷿ʱ, Ͻͷչ⣬һ
ԱߵϳǵͷӶϽȥʱ, ¶һЦ, ΧϽȥһ˵Ļ, Ͽǲص¾ȻҲûǰ˵㺦ʧȥôһλ
Ͻ˵ʲôֻܸЦһǡɲôôλʵλ˵ʵµ̾Ϊֹ, ûô, ѾƸ˹, ԭЩϴӦͬþ˵ʺ, أ
ǣߴý´ϲµۡš
ϳǣһ, Ƕλ˲˽⣬Ҫþԭ»ϣƾԲǲףԻҪ
Ͻû˵, ĬĬ˼̰֣²ҪϷ򣡿ȿȣϷһ, ʵû, ¼Ȼλ˴Ӧ, ͷλ˷ˡ
Цϼ仰ϴþ빬Ϊ󣬵ס
ʱǼϳǻ֪ôضأǲҶԻôʱ֪ˡɾͲһˡ
ԣԼӦ£Լȥɰɡ
ϽȻʹˣ佫Ƚúܣϴ˵һˣ±ס
ӵڶ쿪ʼͳƲϳˡ
Щ̫ԾֲԾˣҲ˶ߣųŻϻûѹСʵϡˣ
һ㶣ôôʣ
ͿһҲǸСһһ·պÿԺСһһ棬չȥʱ򣬻۾Ųϣҿ㡭ⲻǳˣѵˣ
ǰҲ̲סһȣ˵ʲô粻֪뵽ʲôͻȻɫˣֹ
ով˵йأǲʲôˣ
⡭ԥûͻϳܣǻϲҿܣıְʲô»飿ʵǰˣҲûôţ˵ǰ켸ϳһȥ鷿˵롭ûѡѡŮ빬
Ҳ촫ˣϳǼϳûἰ²˵г̽ϢǼϳǲβһϡ
Ҳͷģһ죬ᡭʲôŶܰɣ
ƫƫû϶ԶܵġֲʲôģЩϳҲˡ
һ㶣ķӦǲ飬ǡ˵Ǽֲ˵Ÿϲ飬ɴҲûʡ
ŹʱǲһһϲҲû𴩣ѵǱ£
Ͼ˯СһһŴҴҹһȥһԱߵĶԡŴŵ¹ˡ
˱飬Բȣ齣ȥ˿Сһһ˲ٵСü䶼Ц⣬̧۶ŵľһ㶡
֪ʱӱ۵û˯⣺Ұ㳳ˣ
ҡͷʱÿҲӹڶ첻뿪
ʱ̫ЪˣҲ󲻱ÿ춼ܾˡ
춼Ҫټ϶ҪƷҲҪֻΪʱ̫͸ɴþÿζ˯࣬ǻˣҲԲ
ڻ谵Ĺžµüۣ̲סԳɴཫСһһᱧŵ࣬ǰסͷ׶ͷ˳¡
϶ÿûûˣȣԷһƲסҪᡣ
ĪĽϣķԽУ˳ŲӼʱܵͣ䲻ʵǲʲô£
ţ̧ۣһʱûס飬Ⱥ֪ʶʲô۵׵Ѿ¶ھǰضزס
󣺡ˡ
΢һüô˵
ǰסȣƿһЩ̧۾ͶԹ񣺡񡭡ҡ
ַ̧ԼֱϣԼһ£ģȡ
ȡҾáá
ȴĳתƻ⡣
Ϳһֻ̾ϢһһϲģҹӦþͻѰˣ˭֪ǰˡ
´һۣ쳣ķӦֲ˲ɣ˵ɣ˽Ҹʲôˣ
ְ̽ȵôˣڻ̡
δ͵Ϯˣֻ̾Ϣһֱ۳ͷֻܿʲôʱŵͷ
žùĵǸԡصĺôаʱԡһ
ֲ룬ʵʵԼôóȵۺ˵ݽҪλüѡϳô˿ڷ磬Ҫýġ
ĿɿڴҲУ
һֱ͵͵žĹڰڻ
Ϊ̫ȣû˵ϰƿɫ󣺡ͲЩºˣʵʣǱߴѡһЩǱɱεϳһЩ
ò˵İ쵽ˡ
һʼûĹ˷ԣЩϳǣǶԪϣȵ۵ʦ߳Ӿɲ
Ȼû˵𾴶ԷģԲŲϧԷٻ˾Ҳͻ
ϳǵ뷨һʱû취ı䣬¾Ǹᡣ
˭ֱ֪Ӵһ֣ϳԼѡҪһҪһк󹬵˽һµۣ¹ȻŮ鳤ҪŲŲ
鸴ӣ⡭
֪뷨Ϳһ֪óѣ򵥣ʱһǣһԭҼ޸ҵ£Ͳ˵ǾͻΪ㲻ԸԭˡĴξͲˡѾʼˣºǸӣ׼϶ˡ
;иʢĴ飬¸¾ͳɻ飬Խ׼ȫҲ֪Ծӣ̻Ҫߵġ
ȻĲˣڱ˯һڶʱѾˡ
ź֪ЦЦ㲻㱻Էġ
ϴἰɻ£ϳǻ᲻ͬ⣬˵ͬˣû
ͬˣܻҪýˣ
Щһ֪Ҫϳ첻ͻᴩùȥϳҲһֻΪŵʱĻ
Դ̲ס͵͵̧ȥƻϣΪԶҲƲʲô
絣ĵĲУһŻ϶Զܵ⣬ֵһϱϳ˵Ҫѡô죿ܿ϶Ӧģʱĳ˾
˵ϲԣܿܶԻѾʱҪĵġ
Ե˳̲סǰͷͷļλ¸صϳǣԹ˵ǻؾôôҪûأ
ôȥϳǣ߼תһ̧۾ѰʲôĿƶϾĿ⣬¶һǡȰЦݣЦֻ¶Ƶ۽ǣ鳯ž˹
绹ûüջԹߣէȻһջĿ⣬ƼһĻŵһ飺ڰɣͿһۣҪҪŻôЦصĸоȡ
һתͳȥֻû»ԽԽ죬ȴǱϳסˣ٣ô
ϳקžߵֱۣ˸Χ˸ʵʵþ޴ӡ
ЦЦλˡ£
ϳЦеģҲʲô£˵˸˺ɻˣ
뵽Լƴĳܵĺɻ
һЦֻۣ԰ͺɻĺʱء
һɲǣղײգպǼͷӽرУ˴ȥһͿɺã
磺
磺
ȷǺɻʲôϡֵרһˣ
˴


105 

Сһһ·ԽԽ, 벻ˣҲġ
ÿԺϿСһһǰרŴ·
Сһ͵ߵܹ, һͷ, 
Ӳ˺, ּȵֳȥѧ·Ȼߵǰ͹
ʱ򣬾òҪСӱͿԼҴһ㱻ε˽Ĳɵġ
Сһһһ㶣磬ôôͻˣȥֵ𣿡ҲӰ
᣺ܰ, Ҳ֪ôô, ⻹Ǽϴˣ
˳ͱס, ϴ, Ҫ쿪ܵĺɻ, ɼϴѹ˵ǲǲƣǲ᲻ã
᲻õǿʧľͨĺɻ, ʵ˵Ǽһһģ˵ԼҪֵɺãһϳֱӻסûԶϷ, ֳһյ塣
ô, ôһȺ˻, ǿɻ϶ʧԽԽ˷ܣԼҶסԺӣ˵ʲôҶƷԸ߽࣬δйҪԼһлܶµ۹շ
ĻҪǮ˵ѾˣǿĻǶܣһʱˣͬһʣȻعѾ󳼻ϲϲӭ˳Ϳˡ
ղѣҲûôܿ䣬һСľ͡Һ˵ʶ˼ҪǲԸҾؾˡ絹ǲ⼸бĿģϾԪϲ˵ĵϳ
ܽǧӻãο϶εģܾ⼸ϳǲ̫˵㣿
ȻЩ⼸ϴ˵ĻǶԵģܾô㣡뷨Ǻͳһġ
Ⱦ˵̧ۣͿܱŴɫ죺ܣ
ع񣬵û뵽⼸λľˣ뵽Ŀġ
һʱŴϵĿ⣬Щ֪Ҫô˵ѵҪ˵⼸ýģ
Ŷܵı˼䣬ŵò᣺ɣȥؾˣǳ˵ﲻԾ
סֹû⣬ǡЩ²̫˵ˣȥǰɡǰʹ˵һģСһһ϶ǲܴŹȥģСһһˣʱ˸ǷСԴھ
̰ڰ֣Ⱥһһ˯ȻҪȥȥסǣż㻻·ΪԼУԴĵһЩҪЩѭ浸عصϳ϶Ҫ»һ·ġ
ֻˣȥСһһ˯£Ȼ·ܵµˣǿСһһΪе˲ʱ䣬ԴҴȥǰԺ
ǰԺ˰ֶżžĲˮ˼䣬þܳѧʲھ类˵öЩ˼ʱͿڿĴͻȻſڵķ۾һþһʱ˵á
ƺ̫˵㣬Ÿļ
񣬼ӭȥλǾӰɣжţĵشƷԸ߽ҽ߳˻ΣΪݰ¹ͣˮƷУʵ˿ģ·񰡡
ǲĿޣǣôü˼ܸأ
ȾȰżڶ棬һߣھߣܸо桸ƻĿ⣬ʵͷƤ飬οǱôſĶܡ
Ϳһ˺Ȳ谡
ϳЦЦȺȣ߻ЩҪ̸
ĬˣĬĬյһڣˣ鼸ϴ˽˵ҪģôһȦרΪ˶İ
Ҫ⼸˵ѵ˵˶ܺͻϵ£ǲȰϣԴӶ֣ԧģ
̬ȣֲ̫񰡡
ôҲ̫ڣ뵽˵Щջͬ鿴˼һۣλˡ¹˵ʲôȻûֵǰְλڲûջأֻûȥΰˡ
ջߣһۣһΪ곤Ű׺ӵͿһʼʡ
ôˮŴʼ⡰ģ֪ӽˣĸ𽥾ͱˡʲô
Ⱦʶʱһ̲סżʵǿеˣҪûУǰﾰýôиѡһ
类յĲˮǺһ£ˣ㡢ǡȻýģ
ֱǴ㸪׳нȰöϷֿǴֱӡýԵ
û뵽û뵽Ѽ˵ͬŵǰǿΨĺɻǾȻ˼
ŭǰļλϳǵ¸صǰ͵عһڲˮʹŭڡֻϳѹûոյĻһϳûסǰ̽̽Ӽһһ̵ģԶԶԣǾýģۣͯӾõʺô
ǿڻûüµĿˮôΪ˳Ǻʹؿԣɶ
ڳ˽ת˹ϴ˷ž磺պʺȲסɲа
ԺҪһȵסʱҪҵʱɶû¶ӣ
ȴʵûס۵׵ľɣոûɣҪöܵʺҪϱý
ϴˡȷԼ϶Ǳ̼ˣ
ڼĿסڰֱʾԼû£ȲְڴĿھϣӣ˵ģͻϱýġȻ֪˶ӵģһʱ޷ԭ»ϣ֪ˡ㣬ҲǼϼһͺƤˡ
һѾ˺üɫÿʶôϵһͲأ
˶ܵģʲôʱô֪
ÿҪǸλ˭
곤̾һۣĲ֪Ҫôݣ˻ǸŪ˸⡣
ҲȷôһĻ᲻ҪֻƫͷϾãȻҲ
糯գգۣҲգգۣڿ˿ڣ¡ġ
ǣˢһ£ϴƵĿ°ס磬·һ鿾⣬ǡҪһ£˵
ϴ˶ȻɿûܾǾϣǾ˵ôƾ⼸ʮڳеСܻҪһֱġ
ϴ㣬Ҳûһξ˵ףӦõӦõģǶúÿǿǣżһȦ뿪˾
ôλϴˣһ·Сܻˣȵ˴ûˣ۵һأһžܣ⡭ô£ǲǷˣûԣ˵ý
ȷͷûʲôè
лȥ˵һ飬Ⱦ꣬Ѿȫˣ鵽˵ĳ̶ȣû뵽
ЩͻȻɫ΢䣺һҪǻͬ⣬ϲĴλɣⲻ̫Ϸ𣿡ò׵ȵһɲⰡ
ҲûţϾ¶ҲסͿһӦûߴ磬ǳȵ۵ĺˣֻڻ˵
磺ͻȻʼģԻϵҪԺƶܣǡ
УԺúúϽδһ쵱ǿĺܣ
켸ҲûʱˣӦùҪٰ磬Ϊǻٰĵһ˾Ĺ磬ٹٶҪȥġ
ϼϳ¾һھܾҲҴߣȥһ˾պ⼸˵֡
ȵ죬һ˽Ҫ·˹һСףͨĳУʵϹĲ˿ƶУϺˬڴ
һ״Ǿĳߴ磬Ͼδ˸磬ҲûаѾˡ
йְŻǴ˹ۣǰظһĹ
һߣΪµ۵ǻһι磬µ۲δҲûһˣ˵ѾС̫ӣС̫ĸ꣬Ҳ͵ͬµ۵ĺ󹬲һˡ
֮ǰдµж֮񱣬ᶯ˼ĳŮӶһ빬һ˻ϵۣɾͷһݡ
ֻǻ˵񾰼ҶӻС̫ӣеĳûףȵֲҵ
ĻľͽǼ¸صϳϣµ۽˽˻ضǿصġ
˵ϳҲڴߴٻѡ㣬Ҫڼǰ˵һ˵λĴš
˵üظϳΪպĽɽ淴ԡ
ǵȼϳźҲװ˹ڹʱгҲΧ۹еӴģ⿪ڵ˵ϵǻ£ǲǳӯˣ
˵͵͵ȥǰͷϳģеĿʼӣڿǡ
ǿڵĳӵӾ͸ˣ˵˵ǰľӻж֮񱣬˵ǺЦôǲǣ
˵꣬ͿúŵļϳͻȻͣ²ӣͷüˣɫ̫ÿ
˷ܵĲҲ̲סֻ֣Ҫûᣬκ˸ľҪᰡ̲סϷ
ϳˣӶһһģǲǾûϿ϶Ƕ֮񱣬϶ˡ϶һжھϣ⴫ģ
ڴŵʱ򣬾ϳúߺһʲôأôͺЦˣЦˣôˣҪϷ򿴣뾰ӵȷɲòһԣòУ
ڳˣǲǲ̫ԣ


106 

;ֱӴӸ, Բûȥ󣬼ϱСһһҲˣǸɴֱȥ˾ٰ԰
ȥʱѾ, ٹٶĲ, Сһһ, Ȼû˵СһݣٳӶ֪С̫ӡ
ΪǰΪС̫ӰΣԻһֱþչС̫ӵġ
ҲΪС̫뾰ӸΪ׽ԸɴɾӸչС̫ӡ
ϢʹˣֻЩţЩȴǲ, ϹҲû, ԴӻؾҲô¶, ϢҲͰ١
˿̿ȴȷһ, ϶λǵ治ͬȫε, ôὫԼΨһýɶԷչˣ
պһֻôһλӣ̫ӵǻΪ̫ӵӵǰ;ǲɹ
Ҫ˵õõľˡ
˼, м󳼲ǰ׶ǼϳĻǸžǱԼϴ˶Իõ̶ȣ϶ΪЩŶԾϲ˭֪ôȫ෴
ѵǻģ
뵽, ͨĵһ, ɫ൱ÿ, εĻøŮһһµ۵أ˭֪ˣٵȵȰɣһǻϵ˼ðȻǰǸ£
뵽պ󲻹ܾûʲôС̫֣ǡ
ߵǻãҪ˵Ҫģ»Ǿɣ뵽ǼΪһ֮λȻ뾰ֵܶϾ˹ϵǳӶҪ˰ɣ
к̲סȥƾһңƼҲ˼Ҿ죬Ǵһ£̲ס¶Ϸ̬
κϴ˸λСһĵճŮ羲Ѿʮߣ͵۵Ķİ£ɾӽ¶ġ
Զ޾ͬʱͬҲһϣҲλ
ǰյˣƫƫʱȥֱӱ˸˳ֵûһʱΪЦҲô
ŵڸߵΪԾ羲ϲûн״㣬þ羲ʸֿ֦ǰŵڱǸе͵ģϵû»¡
˭֪ϾǽֱӴµͷˣƫƫȻ䴫ţоҲ˹
ԼĵӾӾɱľĹӹˡ
˼νǲ񶾣ο仹µ뾰йϵ뾰һƵӴô£
ֱ׼Ȼ󲿷ҲôģϾ뾰ûϵɱѿˡ
ȻСϵĲҪ̶ȣȾֵܶ˴С̫ӹλϾǴž羲;Ĺˡ
˵ҶֵܲӦλ񾰶տС̫ӣȻҪС̫ӵλλȻҲλǰµ۵λá
һЩһĲ㣬һСʺСӳԵģһΪֵ׼ģǾ;ƽʱϲá
һĻӿ϶µ۶Ծֵܵӳ̶ȡ
Ͼʱž羲˹ģټ
ЩʱȨҪԣԸžֵøһˡ
Ϲû˿Ŀ⣬Ӳ˲ۣһпˣֵһ˳šȷˡ
һֱϵĳ
ѹûע⵽ϹͷŸ˯ѵСһһСӸ˯էȻôЩ
Ȼں£ֱ꣬СԴڵŸоһЩ
ţէȻϵСְСԴ꣬ߺģȻˡ
üͷͷȻȰЦſվׯһó֪Ϊǹϵжá
ֱӺˣǿǳôǲϲˣǹϵӦû̶ֳȰɣǲϴˣ
ȫӵĻشԱһֱ֧Ŷŵĳ̲סЦ˳
ɫ˱䣬ʱ֪Сӿ϶ûôöԸ¶һº͵ЦݣۿΩǲǻڹңǰҲãûоһΣҲˡһд֣Сõպ⾰ҪǾҵС
һΪˡķԺڴžֵܣûֱӳһдⲻʵ𣿱Ͼ˭Ҳһдģʮıʿ϶дҪҶдʮʣд֡
ûסЦǰû⾰ôڸ˵˵ﰵֱ˵ǲʶ
ɫѿ׻֪ȥҴˣΩ㲻ϲĸ羲Զվôûպóһ飬¾ˡ
Ҳ̲סһüһ֪Ǵʲôˣµô£ǽˮ¥̨ȵ£
µۿ϶С̫ӣʱֻҪС̫ӣǾͻῴλ
ֵܳòСҲзɣһµ۵ۡ
ɫ룡Ҳ㿴ϵ˼ҧгݣ׶Էǳ˵Ļ뵽ǾȻܵˣˡ
ȴѹһۣѹΩϾǺӣú͵ܵôˣպһˣҲкô𣿡
û뵽Ȼô޳ܣһԵľ羲;ԣҲôģ
ȫľǱӲģȻӣѹϲӣɫˣвջǴû˵
羲ҲôԸ⣬Ͼ綼ڴΣµֳۣòĸȰȰҲͶ˼ֻҪ˺ѹһͷ
־˶ôᱻ᣿
翴ģŭ뿪ڣᳶ˳磬ظǶ
۾һѵ뾩һˣǿˣ
ȻˣȾȰ꾰磬̧̧ƤϣϾǲֵõġ
ûס㣡ȻһСӾͿƲסҪ
žĿ⣬տʼûΣôţƽĿһֲëֻֻмᡣ
˸ո˵ǺӣӦȴ鷳ô鷳̫常ݣ˵ȥ˵үλǳ͵۵ʱеķţֱݶΣ
㡢ҡɫ䣬Ŀֻȴ̲סӲĸҰɣ
Ȼº͵Ļȣһ֮λԴδйԺҲҪ̳күλãֱھǰˡˣ˵áã
ûסһϲġΪ˭
ֻޱ鿴ԡ
֣˵ɶϾƽĿ⣬ȴǴ˸£ʶԷңֻĸ
ϱ񾪵ͷʱͻȻܾó棬һɫӰ֪ʱӺߣֱվ˾ԣĮ
ϴ˸£ȴһϣҿϣͷٿޣʡϣû뵽һΪ˺Ȼչ̫ӵĶûȨв
ҲҿȻû뵽ô󵨣ͬҲ̲ס뿴ϻô
ȻϻŶˣǰɣǰ˼ŵǾļˣǲƽϾȥͽͼͬȴûϵ£ȻϵãҲûҪˣǾͰ³ɡ
ԭҪТԼС̫ӵµ۲ϲ˼ôˣ
ȫҲ̲סһϣ̾ͻ̣˵ôû


107 

Ȼû뵽µ۾ȻôĿŵž˵, ֪ڶӻλʱ£ΪԼúܺã˭֪
һ, ̹ʡˡﰡ
羲Ըŵò, ɫҰ׹, ͷһô̸ܵ黢仰˼һ仰ܶǵ
ϵĴһģҲһţΪֱ׹ȥԸɴȥͷ
֮ǰΪֵӣǼĸ׼˾ֵΪ治ҵ˺, ˭֪, ˺, ֱ˺˾߲
ʱ, Ҳڱ󣬸Ͻͷ, ȴÿûþһǴ˸ǺӣȻϾ˹ϵȻô˸統ӵ, Ҳûôž
ȻһĿģҪþʺӵͷڻ¶֮ǰҪģ൱, ʱҲû
˭֪һҲʵʵ, Ȼͷϡ
ովĻ˼, »ĲȻ˸ǺӣֱǰϮ˾λˣʱ˸統ңҾȻǺӡ
ôһ룬ž¶һζЦ㸮мҾȥɣѽڣ޲ž۵£˵
һﻹ죬ֻͷԴϵ˻صλϣνĹ磬ﻹа˼
ڳٹٽһĻԭеС˼Ҳ˲䱻ѹȥԵƫ̻ʱ˭˭ں䣬ʱҲþ³ĵòʧ
ǰ̽¸صϳǵļʱһֹûף⵽ʲô˼ҶİɣѵҪ˸Ū
Ϊǰôһô򣬵ʱЩ˵˼ǲǴ˵ǰ˼ʱǲͣҲҪȿĿǰ
һڹ۵λӣԺҪСЬģϾͷⶫʲôʱ򴵣ʲôʱҪ
ܿ콫һԺΪŰٹٵҲ׽ĶֻܴӾﱧСһһλߡ
̫æǰСģʱ׼ϱС̫ӡ
СһһԼҵĸ߸˵ģͻȻͱʱСһƲƵĴģ
ίͰͿСģҵòУŬŬСҪȥԼҵĶ֪ĻΪôˡ
һĻ°ٹԼҾеһС̫ӱֵ㲻ϲϣϲֱӷŭɣ
Ͼûʲô
ֻȻˣǰһ̻ڵС̫ӣһ̾ͿµγԼС̫ӣཱུС֣С쵰ﲻˣȿȣң̫ӵ常벻㣬ȻˣҲ޿ҲɣպÿһЩ̫ӡ
˵ŴС쵰ѾﵽҪѹֲסĳ̶ȣð˰ɣİĶõһһĽڣ
ǡǲ˻˸磡
Ҳһ𰡡
Ǹܵ˸Թ޹գգۣȥô˸綼;һһҲǿԵģ١Ҳʮľ룬һˡ
磺
ΣСֻã϶Ҫģ룬ֻ΢ּȻûְǰĹְδջأԳ΢Ҳû⡣
žλ·һЩλãСһһǸϡ
С־ܹҲͲˣܿ챻ǰ̾ºÿĵĸˣˮСֽԼҵۣԡ
ϰŵһЩרŸСһ׼ģСһһܳԵġ
עһֱڸϣСһһģ̲סǣ̫ǰҪԷС̫ӣ󵭵ۣ̫˺󲻸ǰˡ
žһСһһܳԵĵģרŸģһͻܳԵģֻǲܳԵ̫ࡣ
СһһϲԵĸʱС̽ҪȥץŵľҪС֣ȴͻȻתһ䣬ͱҪԼͣСһһˣͷƴȥŵľҪУɵˣ⡭ûˡ
СһһʱˣԹԼҵ
Цˣ˷ҪСӶǰɣ
Ҳֻǵ붺һһôһˣϽûԾǴһһĵ͵СһһС
ĲСһһպסίͰͳţһȴûԣǰѵǰһͣԡ
󣺡ӿТ
۵ҲЦ⣬ӹͬʱСһһҲһײ˹ȱסСһ˳ƻصԼҵСԴһŤˡ
һһɲֻһ飬һء
СһһȻϵԵҲι
Աˣһۣ㻹˰ɡ
ӣɴøֺóԵȥջСӣڸعںá
̫͵͵һĻ̵ʶԺԸҲܵﾰˣ
̨µȴλֻܿһӸĵǶԣСʱʱַЦҲһĮµҲ¶Ц⣬ԱߵľӸüᣬģ뿪ǰݸʤһʯ״ĥöԣ᲻ƿߡ
ϳһĻü۴ЦһۣþɿָտɴƣദĶð϶ܿƾԲ
﹬ܿٹ뿪ʱ鸴ӣʢװŮβѣҿûüڣǲ˾һҵĺ󳾣
˿еľ󱻡롹鷿
鷿Сһһһţһߡ
κǹϵޱվľ֪
ͨ֪ˡôҲû뵽ϾȻҪǰĴңһɢ˽˹
뵽񾰶ó裬Ծ㡭һŰɣ
žŵɫ׵ˣڻ˿ڣΪǹԾЩ£ҲǡǾϲϾϵҲΪԴ֮ǰһҪھУ֮󡭡Ϳˡ
ڴڼ䣬Ҳٿӣ۳ڵѡһλù˽վϱϮˣԾ֮ݶľλɾ˳Ϯ𡣡
Űţţ
뵽⣬㺰ѡһԸóλã
Ҳû뵽ϾȻֱҪү⡢ǲǴ˵㣿
뵽ϵľٶҧպҪʺǱҪҳţ׻ϵĴ㣬ûھܾ
ŵڶ쾰ʹмҪǰλøʱҲˣǼǵòֵ׳ɣ
һߣϴٴ̲סȥ˾ʼ˵ڶ˵ý


108 

ϴ󳼵ʱѾεĴε׼, ֻҪþԭ»֮ƾԲôǶܼҲûʲô
μΪϣɲ, ܼ, ֻҪӿǵĳ, ϶һᡣ
ο﹬ϣǻܿӶԻҲûкǵִС̫У˼Ļˣ϶иġ
ʹˣҲûֻξͿܳɹ
ҲΪ, ںȹһˮٴ˵һϵĺû˵Ŀģ, ǼϼһҲϻ, λǺϴһ, 뵱һýˣý, ӷģԶӵƷԼΪĹǼͷöӾܵκûʺ֮λôһλΪΡĻʺ֮ҡ
һ޵Ļ˵, һ԰·ϢľöЩȣ΢̧ɡ
ܾôõһˣȻλ˵ĿЩ, ò˵, õˡ
ڼϴ󳼾һ˵ĿĲҪǵʱ, ֻһٵľʱ˿ڣá
ϴһ㶣ӲŶſһۣ۵ԷŹ⣬ʹû壬СʵӸո˵ġǺã
۵״º͵Ц⣺ͷλǰһˣǵ˼Լϵ¹ٶˡ⼸¹Ҳ˼ǹõȷҲһֱûǻϣԼȻ˾ҲûҪˡ
Ҳȷ˼λϴٶˣȻϴѾͬˣϷҲݹˣֻҪǻҲˡ
۾Ź⣬һۣ¾ᷴڣҲҶúúãǾô˵ˣȥϣԺͻּ
ȿһͷ̾͸ǴҴ뿪ˣǽŲĽ磬ǿ̫ˣ
ˣˣȻ˵˶Ӽ޸ϣϿɾͲλˡ
һҲ㶵ģֱԶˣſ򾰳ԭʶôôͬˣɵƼ۵׵ºͣ뵽ʱ϶ԶܵάԼΪպȺλһģûٶʣһоڲС
ϳûκͣͽ˹ȵ鷿һأ࿪ʼϣˣ
һ㶣ʲô֪ϴ˵ڶȥԭ²⻹Ҫ죬ȥΣ͸֮ǰĲͬ⿪ʼּ
ԵȺ֪ʶϴ󳼻⣬ʹӾ֪ԷԸ޸ģٵȷ˾Ҫʽ»ԼȻ̲סͨͨλ˵ĳˡǾ
ɲǣϷģϳ˿ȷϾͬŹģּˣϳ˿ɾ͵źȻϵϲˡϳҲû뵽ͷһýȻô˳ˣҲϲüңԼȢ޻ˡ
뵽ǿΪ˶ôŬ̲סӶһһ̵ģպ˵ȥǿܵұȥģʥʺĴý˿ǣ
ѹϼ鶼סȻɷ׵ĹȴôβסǺʱǲ£𾪹عĴ̫Ͻ±ڻȴȻ̲סţӾôҪɻʺˣ
ȴǻô̫ȥöϴŲδʲôֱ̫żС̫࣬ÿǰӵʱ򣬼ϴһ㶣⡢ǣ
ã򿪿ý񡣡
ϴ󳼶һۣȴǿĵģǻͷһý˵ȷýһ˵Ҳûȥɵÿƿǰȴסˣ
ÿǰͬӣһͷһӻƽһϡʯڼֻǰһǸǵϲ÷ŵġ
ÿϴ˿Щʯֻϲѣ۾Ź⣬ϲֻģҪ鷿޲ò֡
Ҳ̲סʡҲ̫ˣϳ֮˵һӻƽ𣬹žǧ࣬ƽʱٺ»Ŷ٣Ҫ˵Щֵǵʯֻ
ȴЦˣŰɣ޵˽ղأǰԸ뾰عںãⶼλĹ͡ȻһʼҲҪλϴ󳼵ġ
οպ¶ʱ򣬼ϴýҲͲô
ϴ󳼸жϡͿģȻ϶ô˵ˣǵ᲻ЩϲĶ⵽ǻϵýҲˡ
ֻǱʹôණȴ̲סҪȥţǼͷӵ׵¸أŵҲôԻͷֱϽ
Ͻһ缸ͷ߿һһʱ죺ǻڵġ
żСͷȴ̲סĽϾֻһ֪࣬ô͸оôµأ
һߣڼϴ뿪鷿̽дõʥּ˳ɫĳּ̲סҪǲȥּ
̫Դӿʥּͨͨȥּʱ򣬼ûκγɹּ˫۷Ź⣬Ժ˵ȥҲһݹҫ°
̫ŲʺʥּԼʹµƺ͵Ϣ
ʱʹ꾩֪ϢİԼٹٶɵۡ
һʱ¥跻ˣҪõһֵϢ
ļٵģ˵ǰȥ˾ֱʥּ˵ʲôһĴҪ⾰ҵĶΪ󣬴Ͷº󣿿ɡɾҶӲе𣿡
԰ϾȻһΪôֱӲС̫ӵĸ
ʲô֪ʲôҿ͵ϻүʱ򣬾뾰Ӵ֮񱣬ʱϻΪӳһŭſڹ˰׵ˡ
Ǽģ⵱ʱҲø˵Ǽٵģ˭֪Ȼģ
찡ǻϿɹİⶼˣȻֻһ
Ҫ˵˵һʼԵȷǼٵģС̫ӵĸû֮󣬾ദ˸飬ߵһ飡
ð汾һ˵С̫ӳÿ񾰶ӣ˵һʼǻ϶Ծã˸֪ôûˣ뾰һˡ
ⲻԣǾС̫ĸ
ǲҪǲǣϵл˵ġ˻ͷ
֪˭͵˵һ䣬С˲٣˵ٹԸилʺ˭һǼ¸صϳý˶ɵۣȷ֪ǼҲУ
¥˵÷зʱ򣬽λãֻһһͨһۿȥͼǲסģˣϸȴã˶Żۣȴۡ
һһߺȲһ߲ȥ߸ӵṫӣȴһ亹ĵĶԷֱӱ𣬽Щ˵л˶ˡ
ԷûֻǾŲˮһһֱֲ԰׵Ĵɫˮ͸ɺɫԷ̧ۿһŵð̵ͷż򲻸ٶ࿴һۡ
ͷӣ¶Ҳϸ۵İֹ졣
뵽һܵűȥȻ෴ģԷϧԼȥòͬʱȴ̲סλʧܡǳ׺·
뵽ǰλĻݣԼôݵĺ֣ҲֻжԷµȥˡ
ŶԷͨȫûκμģͷĽɢһɶֻʣ¶ԶԷĿ־塣
˾ͨĲ̼֣ܿ뿪˲¥ʧڽֵľͷ߾Щ۷ʥּϢԷû㣬ɰӸںͷͷͻȻһ٣ͷǰͷ߼䴹µڵϵѪ飬һνһΣڵϷ·𽦳һѪ
˳ȥԷ£ƣĬãŻȥ
û뵽ʥּô͵ˣȾʱԺӰʹ͡
ƿһһ£ƿһͻȻԼ⸮ۡСˣ¶ʱԺӶڲ£
߾᲻ѣȴһע⣬СһһͽʥּŵĽڹ˸ţС̲סʼקţͷľһСڣɲ˺
ȻСһһСʥּһ𻵣ûʲôҵζһɾͲˡ
Ϲʱ˵̲סˣСһһСôϲɫСһһŬѵλ̳ȥʱһһ㵱ʵۣҸȥɽˮһһ˻ʵۣɫĶãıʯҲŶ
Сһһһ룬ֻıʯƵĴƴСԴѽ
ҲֵòУǾô˵˰һһǵĹ̡
һӶȫ̵ľ


109 

һֱСһһ˯ź˵Ҫȥϴ, ֻûһʰСһһӵĲ˹ĵСʱûϴ·
ǵŵһ·ͷۣⶼá
·ƹȥԱͨĶ, ſڲţ, ·, ҸͽȥǷŵſԼã
ͷܿ촫ýɣ߲㡣
Ҳû룬ΪѾˮҲƿţֻһŸһŷֶﾲĵˮûʱ֪Լϵˣ˾ǹû·ģ
ֻǵҪ˵ʱȴѾˣЦְͷһ, ţô, պһûϴ, һϴˡ
Ȼ, ЩѧǺ׵¡

ڶһʱųʱȵûʲô, 󵽵׹˼žסﲻ㣬ϻиСһҪ壬ֻǺڲûнôš
ֻǾʱ·Ѿһףͨͨ, ߳һۣԺǼ˹ˡ
ûԼ˴齣˯һͿСһһһ, ˡ
Ϳһ, սһЩ, Ӹȷ磬ѹ˵ź˵ĻԺˣұ֤Ժ϶ߵĶʲôˡ
˵ĵ⣬彩£ΣŲһͷȷ
ָȻҪҷģ
һۣͲˡĻȻǿŵģȻô˵ˣӦҲͻô˵ӣôʵ
ϾɵĿ⣬¶һΪ޹ЦݣѾôˣŵǰչȥӺ§סھҪ˸ƿʱ˳ưСһһҲסˡ
Ķһ٣ŸƽʱҲûٽֿ
ɿһȥ֮󣬲Ƽڣ챱ڤǰ͵ʹǾҪˣʱϸһЩȥ˴Ϣ˵ĺҲڱڤʹĶ
ĺԭӣ͵ˣĺҲʹϴ̫ݱ¶ˣ䲻û뵽תһ꣬ĺܻرڤˡ
ȻĺڱڤӹҲôҲðôķűڤʹǰͣиվȽŸ
ڤԭ˳ıҪУֻϧ󳯵ɺǻΪۣͲϹ˳ʱһֱͦ͵ڤʱս̣Ŵǰ͡
Ŀǰֻ²ĺ幵Ĵ㣬ҲųĺȻĲбĿġ
üͷҲб𣿡һֱͦǰ̫ӵģϾԷ֮ûκϢλص꾩౻նฮҲͬûˣרʹݲûڻ
ԭӽݻݾһ㣬ϺԼǰ̫ӵ£ϻҲûǰ¶棬ԾҪ˸ˡ
ἰĺ幣̫λĺߵúܽʦҲˡ
оĳ񣬽ýһЩʲô
뻹ǳǰ̫ӡ
ԭõıʱһ漴Թĺףò̫˯СеһһŲ棬ֱӰ˵תһԼߣ᲻ھҧһڣ᣿㻹
ڶԷȻǼ̫ӣȴǵȵõˡ
Ժ֮ҲûٹܣǼӷһ·
ôˣȻŶԷ
ִչƣ֣һһˡϵĿɹˡ
ȴûôװ¸ȥУﲻ˵һˡ˵ᵱµʱȵģҪǱǸʲô˺ǲǾ͡ߺˣ˵һԵĻȻǼٵģ˵˵ҲԸ⡣
ûסЦˣϵζ˭ҵĴ׸ױˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ڵ٩ɴƷӣյĲϹҪҧˣ׸׷ˣɾˣ׸׶ҧˡ
յͷķæԱ߶㣬̲סЦȴ³һһҧгݣ󣡡
ȴʳ֪ζҲֻǶˣʱȴЩͣ¡
һֱӾĶקԪͣˣ
һֶˣ֪ˣϽʵ˷ſ˲ˣЦء
Ϣȣɿ֣ˣƫƫһ޹Ƥ̾ϢһҶϱǱˣİǶɱһ͸
̲סѧһһˡ
ȴûûƤչȥˣ
һۣҲûʲôʱ˵ҵˣֻǵġô׷Ͼ֮ӵ̫ӱ־棬˻ʵۣ᲻ġ
οỹԭǹһΪǹʲôǹ⻷˼ǰ󣬾ܵġ
ǻҲʧˡһģôƾݴһе˽⣬ܾﲻ̫ȡ
¡ֲ֪Ҫκ
ΪҪ£ƱҪ˵£ǣǰô롣
þĵǻǴģǺһӲ¡
룬̧۶󣬻̾ϢһЩҪ㡣
ôԷعϾո˵ڶֶţΪ˹սȥʱ򶼲ھ϶ҲҪΡ
ֻǻûڣΪصһ䣬ž飬һ㶡
øģҾëëģҪʲô
ԥ˵ãʲôԲвԴס
üһͫ΢΢һ㲻ᡭĵɣģĻ˵ġ
⻰Ҳ˵˵ǾԲܵ¡
Ͼ̬ģǿ˿ûɫ㵱ʾöû񣬽˵꣬ȴӹ죬֨һ
һž°̧ҡ
û㣬㻹ûӦ˵ġ
󣺡˵˵Ȼҿ϶ˡܱ֤ģͲ֤ˡ
ɿʵļû㡣
һ㶣Լǲˣ߾˵ˣ˵ټţļȻô£Ҫ찡
ۣͷһͷһɴֱһ˵ˣһ£Ǹģڶ£ģ£ҵһʱȷеʲôûκ˼ˣļ£ҵһʱͻĺӡ
һ˵꾰žˣ̧۾Ͷɻÿһôÿһ̫


110 

ͷһξԼӲ̫, ôһ㶼û̫˵Щʵ˼ȴˣֱžĿԹҾ˵ᡭ
Ϊ˵˿϶һӵĻҪ, صǲƫˣ
ӦöԱĸӺɣ㲻洩, Ҳʲôģ, ͼǵˣ
ͷұȽϺ氢һͻҵĺʲô˼ѵǵһҲһԣⱲǰģ
Ҳ԰ôһʼѹӶ
̾ϢһѾ׼Ҫ˵ݴ£˵صȻƫûˣ⼸ҲҪһ͵ģҲûǰˡ
̲סͷ˯СһһСӣҵһʱҲСһһ, ǸɽֻʱҸһһҲ֪, һʱ, Сһһû¡
, Լ֪ԼܻУΪֵ´Ѫû, ˾ٵԷΪֲΪᵱʵۣԾʹ뿪ûкλ
üͷȴԽԽСһһĿǷԼź, ʹ֪ᷢ»޷ȥˡʱ򾰶˵ԼĸԸģΪԷǰ
ͷӿϧڣʱشҡҲͻ֪УҲͲ÷ֿôˡ
ȴҡͷҲͲ֪ʦȻĻ֮֮һûкڹ, ο, Ǿһ, γûΪһԼģûټܡ
ڻأǲǶ㲻ãȻʾ䣬ȴǿ϶ģԾƷԣḺԲһ
ȼԴҲþ󡭡
뻹ûʵʵѾ̫ǵõһᵽǱʲôĸ飬ҲǸмԳΪ˾ҳɱ˻ӣԱȥ£ֱӾûˡʧȥˡţʱҵȷǸ竣鶼ҲԴͷҲǿ׼㿪ʼңʵֻ֮һ
ȴߵԶɾҲߡֻϧ룬ųն
˵󣬾ʵѾ̫ˣϾ˵ǵһʵѾȥܶ꣬ȴ뵽ʱĴ޲ûصԳʱʱȻɾǹӴΪ֮
ıţȥˣˣǸʲôʲô˼
ӦҲˣû˵ǰ˵ĵһ֮˵Ҽǲ̫ĸ飬ҲġΪҵһʵתͶ̥һȫͬʱգһ飬Ҳǻ磬һԣҲǡ
üһԣôǸʲôиģ
Ҳ⣬ݵıֵȷܹ죬ܶࡣ
߷ӵ£ʵи󵨵Ĳ²⣺һľҾĲ̫һҲǰԭģҵһȴҾɹһС
Ҳܽ͵ͨΪʲôݲ֪Щδ߷ӵȣֻ֪飬Էô£ʵи²⣬ҲΪ²⣬ò̹ס
´ӻݿи֪ܶѹûڹ飬Ӳ÷
һպĲܹߺ֮κᡣ
ԴСһһ£ͨܶ£˵ܻͨһЩϢҲͲô·ˡ
ͨҲôҵĻһǰ˵ЩʲôϾı˺ܶ£ҵ̬ȡҲ̫һ
˼̲ס䣺ô̹Ϊ᣿
ȷôģôֱ˵ôô֣Ҷˣպһܵǰ˵ʲôǶˣǲٽ͵ġ
ǣô᣿һʱһô죿˵ŽͷĲ˲䣬ԭûᵱ£뵽ԾЩ¡ôһ˵˼˵ǸʦҸĽһһڸˡһ˵׶Էڰҵһһ
ҲĬҲĵ£׼Ī⡭
һֱעı飬˿̲˵ʱ֮ǰûһһǵĹﲻȫѾȫοʥּ£Ҳ֪Ҫ飬չһһ빬סƫҲܷġ
û֣Ͼһ˰ŵߣÿҪ񻹺ãʹһ˭֪᲻иΣգ
ҲͬˣӦһ£˾һ㡭
˱̱ۣ˯˯ˣջҪϳ
һۣҲû˵ʲôֻǵȻعԼڻռ˴齵һߣһߣСһһ˲˯ģֻҹСץץȥΰѼ䣺ףأأ
ڶ첻ͻعϳȥˣ˵ӦҪܶණҪ׼һҪʹ˵һ
ֻǵձϴõһһ߳ţͿԺﾲվŵĹˣǹæʰһһġ
ôֲᷴڣ
οûܺʹкôҲܽ
ȻѾǰˣǱ߸˳ͱ̫ס˵ǻҪһ٣ȻؼҾ֪ˣǸŴ̫һġ
ȵ˸֪ԼҶܺʹҪˣһ¡
漴Ϳ̫๧ݹһƣ˵պʹӺС̫ӡ
ŵݵǰƣǲ̫ļ˵㣿ͶܴҲûദ೤ʱ䰡
̫̾ϢһˣҲڤʹҪˣӴҲҪ߲ƣⶼ֪С̫ھǲȫ
һ漰˵İΣԼʱȥ￴ˣҲͲˣҪֵҲڹԺֵȥһ۶ܺʹ
ǣһк·ϡ˵ľôԼӽ˹ûƭסĵȷĵԱߵƫ
ֻǺ֪ʶֲϱ֤ôʹ죬һǲǾҪԼ
²⵽ϵõ֤ʵҲڹһţź󾰴粻ڹ빬ظˡ
Сһһ˸˷ܣԼҵǣ޵һȦȦƣˣűȥ˯ˡ
źȥ鷿ۣȽΪ϶˯ˣͿСһһͷòеģӾӹСһҺȥԡɡ
ʱ䲻ˣҲӦˣûѾƫһ飬Ϥ
Ϊϰ̫˴һЩʱѾù˶ˣԼ·Ƶԡشȥԡ
ټԡﶼȪˮð뵵þȥݵ˯һʱ˯ˡ
֪˶ãͻȻһ죬ۣķһߣʱĵţȳˮüȥһߴǽֿиţǴ߳ġ
Ӵ򿪵İ¶İ裬ôĵ޵
ͨѹͨľ
ƫƫ߹޹ףɣҲԡ



111 

ڤʹھＸ󵽵꾩, ŵʹݡ
αڤʹԲΪףĺֻʹ֮һ
Ȼ˵ĺǻӣô, ֮Ե꾩ҲΪܳ, ô, ϱڤִ˰̣ڱڤλøǲá
ڤץŻģĿһµ£ڶҪһͬǰӻزȥڤһв뵽˴Ӧ£ʱ׼ϰˡ
뵽˸ĺô, ĺڱڤܳ, ̲סЦЦ
ĺиүľ˾Σҹ, ôҪ, ֻҪܼûĻӣٽɱĺ˼޻, ʱɲ֮
οɻ֮⡭ɻй˳
ĺôҲû뵽ȻһִϻڵҪ˵嶾, ֱӹһƹܵġ
׼ţ˵ѾʧˣһȫӣǷǰĺ, ԷɴӦ, ֻҪܰ꾩, ôҪڤĻλҲֿɵá
ڤһ˵ϢУžСһһš
СһһܳԵƽʱûԹĺöúܣθڸǲˡ
ֻӵ׾ôһ㣬ҲܳԶˣ׻ʳ
ÿοСӿͰͳС½ǿͰͺٳһڣһڡ
Сһһ˵Ѿˣֻʱż˾˵ֻ̫Ҫ¹سԵģ˵ú̲סÿζϲ
ȴ޶ԣС·ѾȫߣĹСӣѾˣܳˡ
˵ͰСһһŵ£Сһȶֻܰŵ뿴ӶֻŵζòС
ʱСһһͲĺˣתͷСȶһȦסСȣСԴһСǶһװһһö
һСɤ֪ĻΪСһŰˡ
һʱͰ͵̲סŵȥպÿȵСӲСӡΪȣСӴıС첲СȶģཱུģСͻСϣôǳˡ
һסˣС⻹ȷǺóţ
ȻҲСһЦˣһϣˣ֪ܲʳܳˣһͲŷԵʳˡ
Сһһûȫвˣʵϣǳţ̲סźƵĴۣ̾һͷĶӣ̫ˡ
ھǳԵҲˣܿͳˣҲûžʱһ棬ҪҪ˵
Сӷڵ̺ʳǿһôǾзʲô𣿡
һȴ̲סһȲľĪЩ飺⡭
üǾע⵽Ҳ˹޹ʼ磺ҿûʲôŰģһˡ
û˵ȴ¾ᣬϴνŪƫԡͨľͰ˸ˣҪôţƫĴϲȥˣȣʲô˵ûʲôܼ˵ġ
һͷֻӲͷƤ˵ˣڤʹǰյˣѾס꾩ʹ

һϱЩ֮⣬һЩΪһʼ͵Ҳûô¶棬ԡµ˲δ̽˼֮ǰû浽ġ
üԭ˲յֶ˶٣֪Ϊ뵽ոһһֲԤУȴǲԣŶ˭
һͷøͣʹλ΢һЩģΪ׵ĲүǼڤĳӣоǲյӲϪʱﶼξǸ佫پǡеĶλ塣
²յĺ幻λ˭
һڤĺԼ
굹ǲΪ⣬Ϊʲô£⣿
һû뵽ѹûӲͷƤСѣ䣬ڤǰͣȴһλĹԡӴ̽ϢҪ
Ķ󡭡ܾܿ뽫λͽ
ɫʱȥ治֪ɱ룬Ҿһ뷨ûСǶϢɶˣôö˶˵˽
뵽һһĴڣǵŮˣȻǹһһĸ¡
Ͼǰûгֹû׵һκѹİ취ǰǶȻܽ˵ġ
һۣϼŽҲû˵Ҷˡ
˭֪˵Թˣ԰һ׶Եȸȴ̲סġ
￴뷨̲סһüԻҸ֣
뵽Էνġ֡Լϲ˴ȻʲôôϱڻҡͷҿЦһǼȻҪֲֻһ
ڤҰģ治ⱱڤΣһ͵ģѵҪɣ
ֺһڲˮʲôô׵ģǶûλҲûʲôóԴ׵ġ
˾⣬̲סҪһ˵Ļ
ȻҪģͿһͰͷ㴹Ϻ޲Լڵһ˭Ĺ
ö˶˵ģôͻȻ˵ˣ䲻͹һλ
һ˵ǴĺģԱûģĵãԻǹһˡ
ۣĺĲ͹ǰףǲܻʺôֵǰ
ĺ幷ô๦֪ô˵ıڤǰʵĿӣöԷȥ޻ء
ͬһ㣬ȴ˸λӣҪʱסҪݺƱػսǼ޻ˣʱλһƱĺ幵
ô⣬꾩£Ҳĺᡣ
ڶӽݼ󣬵Ϲ汱ڤʹӷϴ
챧Сһһȥ鷿ţСһһںŵʱҽ飬ǰͷ֮£ȽҲᵽ
Բ˹ҲˣӷûϯպҲٲˡ
οȻȷλҲ֪Σ뻹Ǵȥ
ĺ嶾йأ뻹ǿŸãϾϵĶû
ҲþһȥģϾ˵ĻѾѸ£ΪһλˣպҲҪϰֳϡ
ΪСһһǰȥ԰ֱȥһƧͤΧһɴᣣڵʵʵ
СһһСסʲô¶棬ͤһ̲ס̽СԴȥ԰ֵĸֻ
СҪȥֻǸ̫ԶţֻܰͰСԴԼҵ
Сһһĳϵģ̧ÿһǣԶٻŵĻͷСĴۣ̲סС̧߳ɴᣡ
ߵһԣΪܶΧŻϰҲһˣҲûš
̫౾ͣСԼȥҲûڣǸŶ
СӱĻǰ뻨ˣСˣȲ࿴ˣ̧ͷҪȥֻ̧ۼ䣬ȴָ˲ľ˺üԣһվһʯ̳ɵСͷ߿Ϊ׵ĹװŮһ۶Ǿޡ


112 

û뵽ʱ򿴵Ů, һʼΪԷٹٵļҾ죬Ƽһװȴһ㶡
Դµۣͬ, һ㲻дװŮӳ, ʱΨһִܽôһ, ֻλڤ
˵ǰףʵһ㶼Ը⣬ϾڻʳǹúúõģͻȻͱ޵ľ˵Ǹ岻׾˶µۣôͻݱӡ
Ҳ֪ô˵ĸʣǲּܲ꾩, ޹ֹû취, ֻܾ͹ˡ
ڰ·ʱȰ, ˵λµ۳øĺÿ, ǸտأǶ˵Ȥ, Ҳ˶ѡʱǺÿܺÿȥϾĺóöΪƹˣŶҲͱȻֺÿôһ
ɴ˿Ÿ˺üվڻԺӣϼ, ϼ۳һĻȴҲûǴ۾վʱ
̲סĿڣµ۳ģԸģǳǳԸף
ֻǵһգۻع, ֶԷѾת뿪, ʧڻԺ, ͬ뿪ǺܶȥԱĴ̫ࣺλµ𣿡
ʲʲô̫ԼеĹվں⣬պüɽʯס˸ոյĻԲûλڤէȻ£˿̽ͷȥȴʲôûˡ
ָָԶͤӣովһܺÿĹӣµ𣿡
̫û˿ɲ˵ǻΪڤʹٰĽӷ磬ٹԼҾ춼ᵽ԰ҲļҹҲ˵
ЩźŵµĵطҲ֪ˡ
λȻûʲôôͱڤ˹Ӵ
Ժܿ뿪ˣɴȥԵƫһֱȵæǸһͬǰӷ硣
ų˲ٵСһһףСһһ̲סЦδſС
˼£ֱ쵽˲ͣ£СһһôһͨȵĶͷһĺ飬ͣ£óӸ˲ҹ˷纮
ͿһȻˣСôˣ鼫Ϊ´λע⣬ⲻǿˣˡ
һߣ͵ĵطɴһ˫Ŀȴ̲סǰμĳӣҵȶǣֻλµûˣԡǰµۣ
ЩסԱߵӿһۣսһЩѹôˣ
ǻʾ˶˹Ȼøոյľٶ̫ԣҲ͵͵˹Ҳýùֵֹġ
˼˵ԼЩλӣ֪ԷǲԼˣֻҡͷѰ˸ɡ
ǰλãĽУȻɲ˵յһڣ⿴ϢվŵӣϪȥʡ
վˣһüͨǿһ۾ͼǲסĳֻ࣬һ˫ȴǺڰ׷ƽʱۿģ
̧ʱ¶һ˫ͫƽݶ˼ɣϸΥͣΪ̫ͨȴֲ̫ע⵽
Ϫֱ̧һ񣺡ȥͳɳƵɤɤܹ̫Ҳ̫ʡ
Ϫܿȥ۽ǰһλµ۵Ĺһ˵˳
üȷµۣ
ϪҡͷȷӦҲǲȷԸոôƵƵ󿴣ӦƽĳжԷ
Էƽֻǵְȴ̲ס߬ʵֲ²⣬һ꾩꾩˽⣬ƽʱϲãµ۵ģûУǡ
ɫ̫ãⲻǺ𣿡Ȼ빬֮ãֱӿһӣ
˵ʲôֻһϵ̫ӵӵ
˵ǾӣѾּ϶δʺڳ˻бҪġ
ȻҲ̽û뵽λδʺȻĳϯˣ˵δʽ飬Ӧų͵۶λδʺΪأҲûֳʲôֻȻλݵ΢ĺĹӲûС
Է˵ǻʺ󣬵ȴӲãպ˹λ˵ͶԷһЩֻҪܵãպ»˵׼
ڲ໹εʱ֮ȴ̲ס͵͵̧ȷԼǰ˵ǲµۣһ̧ͷ̾Ϳˣýü£ţͨᣬһ˫º͵ĺС
һʱ̲סˣûע⵽õӦѾ¡
˷׷ԵûվΪͻ
౾ƼҲüͷһ壬뵽ԷϿǳ͵ۡ
ʱֺߴ٣ǿϳ͵ˣ⵹Ǻ¡
û̧ͷֻע⵽ڤλǰ׵ȻŻϿû꣬ѵҪˣ
ǲǴ˵㣿δʺɻأ
ֻΪû̧ͷ˭ҲûԵľֻˡ
һվڲӲϪһǾˣپǡ
Ӹ£Ȼǽ˵Ŀⶼ۵ףλνûԷ·ʱһɨ͹ûԷ
Էžʱ̾Ͳ׽ˣΪѿۣһζըˡ
ɫɫΪѿķ䶢
ɫеͻȻûëëģ˳һͶ˲ĺĿ
ʱ˸£ɵȶһƿԷϵۣ£Ӧûʵ۴ôе˴
ȥȥһʱ
µ˭Ϊʲôµߣ
̫֪µ۵Ĳã̵Ϳһʲô⣿
عѹû˵ɫˮĲ֣ʩ̼ϣ֪λǺˣعոƺʲôӣѵλҲǳӣɳôѵǸܳĳӣô˵λøһЩĻͶԷҲǲ԰
˱λش˵㣬ȻֱӵôֱŻϣ⻰һһ㶣Ȼعʶԣλǰ׵ıڤûϻϣֱӿδʺ
ôҪʵʺ󰡣
ȷӦǼϴ󳼣Ǳýɹûϲλȥңò׸˼죬һתͷμӸӷ磬δʺ󱻱˵ˣʱΣжδĻʺ󣡡
ԣ֮ң࣬Ǳڤô㲻ģǲܸһСһʶȥﳤ
౾Ͼû⣬ʱعŻѪԸеǸӣδʺ
㶵ģոյĻɵۣʲôδʺ󣿲Ҫ
ĶСͱˣ
ŴɨһȦ࣬޺ܻǰĳⰡ˵ˣ
ͷһ亹ȴҲһ㣬ˡڶˣ⻹ûʼôˣ
ֻӲͷƤЦһ񣺡ûе£ǰᣬǱڤ͵ģûͼСθֻո֣ˣûе£Ⱦرڤ


113 

ͷβһ仰û˵, ֱӽһǱڸ˵ˣ˵ĻΣô졭Ҳû뵽ġ
ολȻǿˣ
һ, ࿪ʱ˹ȥ, ΪվڲԱ, Ҳһ۵ףʵϲδϡһ۱ʹջĿ⣬ֻһɨԱüһ
۾ͻȻһֻƸסǿƽĿ⳹ڵһֻֻھļϡ
ָֽ̧Ҳûһֱţ˵ٹʱ򲻸̧ͷ, ѱеӴ, , ֱȴ߬ž, ϥϲָԹһһĦ
ƫͷȥ
ͥڵҪҪ
ĿԹ㿴
˳ĿѾȫΪĻס, Σ￴ˣǱ˺òã
ʱȻܿڽֻ֣ͣӵ·ǿʲô
һ˵űڤβ׵Ļ˳ͬòվ뿪꾩
ʵָһʼֻĦ, òɴžָ档
ܲһѽָм׷ļƣ濴ۡ
źҲǿû, ֻǶԱڤ⼸ʹ
ӷΪϡδʺ¾ôܿ, òرڤΪ, Ҳû뵽Լò׶һģȻôˣΨһοľǲü޸κˣֱܻرڤ
뵽᲻áԷδʺոճ͵ǿµĿ⣬ŵö˶ǸϽȥˡ
һصƫȥԡϴʱͿСһһû˯˵߹ʱҲĿôſߣҲ˵ֻôֱ˼Ȼԣ
ͷĶ˶٣漴Ȼãһһ˯ˣȴչȥŷСһһۣﱧһˮ᲻÷Ҳ᲻˯
⣬ո˽ʱûˮ򣺡ģֲСһﲻ˯ⶫڻ谵޵ﷺŹ⣬ǹ⻹ǲɫģִǼöˣȻСһһͷһμ˷ܵĲС
ڤ֮һҲ˼ûøһһ棬˵λżȻõˮһһϲЩС⣬СһﱧŲˡ
˵ǲȲͷͿһһһңȥϴ
ȴûҲûСӸûʲô˵
˵ʲôü۵ȴЦֻûԹûסҲ
һֱ￴ǹģֿ̧۽Сһһˮһ棬ȥҧһ¾´
ΪҲǹģ΢һЩ˺һָǣв
ҲûԷȻųͷʣȴôۣȻҲû
󣺡ǣûᣬһΪ֢Ĳ񲻸ҽΪʲôλƣÿãߺߡҲۻûÿҪ
üʲôʱˣ
Цˣϣ֮ǰҪߵʱ㲻һֱʱɿģˣ
ں֪ΪֻǵԴףûסһۣˣǻûƲȥˡ
Ųţһͷ㿴ǻˣè壬ᡭıСĽҡ˰ɣ
Ǹ󲻿ܣƫƫľٶҲ̫
ÿѱˮЩ˯СһһȻǿˣǿ࣬ǿˣ£һҾáϤ
ü˵ʵʱֻôһƣ˵ϤҲϤϸȥȴǺİģʶˣʵҲûУܾԼԷ
ʱҲ侲ˣһǲӲϪɫ۵ǸԱǻ㿴еĸ
ӣ⣬ҿþһЩϤĸоֻϸ룬˵òӦǲʶġ
ԼֱƽʱҲòڼԼһ׷ƽʱԲ̫Ϥ˲ģϤĸоģǡദ̵ʱǱʶӡ
ͬ׼ţһʱ׼ŵĴ࣬ԺӰߵʱΪ׼ŵӡ
ԲûϤУϵһӰ죬ûзһȴһԷûڣһ۾ֺϤĸо
þһˡ
üͷҲȷ˲λڱڤǴƷ佫λҲǿ⹦ģӦûģСʱͱ
׼ŶҲǱ⽫뿪˶˵ԼԶԷУһ£ų͵һ󣬲żڣһɣǰ̫ӡ
ʵҲôαڤЩˣԷûκζǸʱûɹԷôһ˵̧ۣȷͬʱʶʲô׾Ϊʲô²ֱ˵ǿνϤУ²ϤǺɣϾһʱ򾰶Ǹᵱ˺ܶ¡
һֱһ漴͸¶ﶼʵʣûҲǡòôİϤп϶ദܳһʱˡ
ȻҲ׼Ŵһʱ䣬׼ʱαװģΪֲϲ׼ƭûôϸȥ׼ţԾ׼ŵӡȻ졣
ųôӡģƺֻеһദܾõǰ̫ӡ
˵ôã˵ļʶŵģĳʱܳ
ˣھ˯ŵСһһºͷͿؿڣôˣ
˳ԴһھĲĿۣ˵ûʲôҶûϳһ۾ƵģȫòҪˡ
ΣҪôܺã
ƫͷȥǶߵ٣йģʲôУ
ЦˣС
ĿڰһĿڸˣúݵģֻðҲѡұԼԡ
ŲĹô˵Ҹϴ
˭֪˵ãôһ˵ֻĳ۾ɴһйֱŬԼôһͷھϣôһ˵Һվվˣͷæˡ

ƾ¡ռ˲ٱڶȥϳˡ
ϳ֮ǰû£һȥϸϸλӡ
αڤˣϵµһе˶Ҫһ
ôһ֮£û컹ĵݹϢǰһݡ
ƿһҳͿдżֵĽۣڤӲϪǱˡ


114 

鿴Щܱûбž, üһ۾ͿǼ֣ɫÿ
Ȼµһ£ȷ֮ȴһ, 뵽, ôηôĹҲԼλ, ĿĺܿǾ
ϾᲢǳ͵۵ѪҲϻκһλãԲ˳ʹܳԼҲֲµۡ
ôðôһˣֻΪ˱ġ
СһһڲԶ棬ע⵽ղԣ̧ۿȥ, , ˹
վ, ͷһͿ, Ҳͷۡ
һݷϢȷλ, ٰġ
ˣͬﻹһݿɵģԼԼӴܣҲи², ʧܾõĻݣеܡ
һȥ̧ͷȥüͷ, žĿΣһ, Ǻáҵ, ʵˡ
ô
۰ڻǰ˵Ļ²ӦǴǸʲô֪һЩ£뾰йصġ
ҪĴʲô⣬ҲŹǰΪԷǳȵ۵ҳǸӣܷŹһΣȴŹڶΡ
ҲܲµһЩСһЩĺҲ˹ܳɹɲϪٲһšĺ֮ǰ嶾ǣĶȻʱѹסˣҪ취ˡ
󰲸ļ򣺡ǰѾ˴Ϣȥ壬峤ǰѾزվͻᵽ꾩ͬеĻһλ¹ʦ
׼żٰ¹ʦ¹ʦˣеģҲ֪
峤Դ˹ͬʱʥ˵ܽٶ
ֻڵĶȽ⣬ܲܽ⻹Ҫ峤֮¶ۡ
ΪܽеģҲϢȥ峤;Σգβδ˵
۵ɫ˻棿
Ƴ۱ǵСӣͷžġ
˲䣬ѹüͣΪͳԴЩ繲ζһϲģŴǰ˶ʱܸһĶҹ
˵СһһСӵ岢û⣬ǵûнⶾٻһڴԾ岻ãҲƽ
ôҲûĽôţֻǰû߾
̾׹㶹ȴ̲סͷһů˶ûµġ
峤û취Ҳ취ⶾġ
Ǵ򣬻ϵͳͲû취ˡ
ڤʹ꾩˰£̸ĿģȻͣҲóٺôҲڤʱ̸͡
̸ǲˣĺǱȴǼòᣬʱţÿ϶׶֣ûҲܽÿƾв
˵طŷ־ΪּΪδʺ󱻴˹ﲻ˵˽ӷ죬Ҳûλδʺ
᱾Ͳͬþֵ֣֮Ҳ̫졣
ΪǣƣҲûĺΪһֱû취Ӵ˸ɴϡ
űģᣬãŪģ˵λСҲ㣬뽫˸ߣ˵ܼܲԷļˣʺλøߣ簴С˵ģֱ취Ĵץþ¶棬þв
ʱˣǱ֤㣬ʱ򡭡ɻʺˣҲֻܸˡ
ĬﲢڣϢģ֪ΪǸư͡
ڶԷǣĺĸʱ˿ڣΪƾЩĶֻܻ뿪꾩
ĺʶЦСȻа취Сܻ뿪Ǹ󡭡˵ֻǶ᲻֪ʱ̧ͷ佫ͷֹסСƾʲô㣿ֻҪ֪һлˣǻС£׼Բ˶ߡ
Ҫãĺͽ˳ˡ
üû˵֮ǰ֪ĺбĿģȻЩ޹ء
ĺξģԴ֪峤Ҫ֮һֱһǱߵϢ
һºڽ˸˹峤ܴŽģδ˵ע⡣
֪ϢʱСһһҴǰ鷿ȵ˵ط鷿ĵŽգ洫Ϣ֮󣬴̫ȥ棬ܿ쾰ͱ˽ȥ
һһһ̤ȥ̧۾ͿվżˣΪ׵ͷȫףҲǰ׵ģһۣէȻһΪɷǵˡ
żˣȫֻۣǴͷβڵʵʵֲŮ
Ǿһ̤ĵž͹ˡ
󿴵ǣ̧̧ø
̧Ϸȥ峤ʱ˿˹峤ͷʾ̧ȥˡ
֪ǵҲû˵ʲôֻ˿󰲸֣˽ܵλ޵Ļʺ޵̫ӣˣ峤˵ɣ޵Ķн𣿡
峤;Ȼ˵µҪһλΪļ˵Ϊ⡣
ĳ֮Ȼ޹أ뵽ոλµĽ̾Ϣһɽ⣬ȴҲɽ⡣
⼸;һ㶣ʵǺ⣿
ܽܽ⣬ܽǲܽ⣬ôϳôģɵĻ
峤Լ׵ĺӣ̾ϢһȻûˣϷҲŻϣϵĶܽģ֮˵ɽ⣬ΪⶾҪĶ̫鷳Ѱ
ɿֻҪа취̫鷳Ѱ
峤ڵϷ֮ǰʥڴĶܽ⣬ƫƫжѾãҪûκκ֢ȴܴ⣬ôҪĶȻҲ鷳ܶࡣ
һҪʲô
峤Ŀǵüϣ漴һԵµϣһҪһϷʥǾͻʣҩĶֱɽѩǧ˲ΡѪ󸡢ơ
ҩĶһ鷳ֲԤУʣأ鷳ɣ
峤⣬ΪǻȾֶѼ̶ȣʣһҪһܹȫѪĴһףҪʥŮý顣
ϷʱպеʥŮô˵ǻʣȴҲѵģѰһܸȫѪĴ䡭Ѱ
峤ҲǹΪµۣҲû뵽µ۾ô˵Ķ϶̫ãѪǶҪôס
ֻǵ峤˵ϧ̾Ϣ̧ͷȴǰµδʺɫĸӣδʺ󣬸ֱֻҪһܻѪĴ򣿡
峤ʲôֻҪôôѵµλδʺܼƵģ
һܸȫѪĴѰһλڵˣҪ˵Ҫô಻׵õҩ


115 

峤Ϊ֪ܸȫѪĴѰ̶, ̾Ϣһڽ͵ӣҲ˵дܸ˻Ѫ, ܻѪɹ˻ȴûֹ
˵һѰġ
ϾֻҩĻ, ֻҪ˵, ǿ϶ڵģôҪѰҲ£Ψܸ˻ѪĴܻˡ
Ȼ峤ǵû⣬һۣɴ಻ȥ͡
ӣȻҲû뵽峤ѵĴ, ˵ĸ, һʼ߲, ĴڶԾСů¯һ, Ǻҹǰգʱ޿̶ܸܵů
峤ڷ, ڵ峤֪˼ҲˣߵȷѰһλܸ˻Ѫ˻ҽû˵˾Ǿ, ϱǻʹܻˣҲѱˡ
峤漴۵׷Ź⣺ϴ˻棿Ļ, µ֮, Ҳ֮
Ȼ˵Ǽ򵥵£, ҽͲ£ЩҲ⣬֪ܲѰ޵ĻʺұλҽΪͽܣҲѧҽһǰҽ˵ҽûҽǰҲѰҽ峤ֻܷҵ⼸ʱа취
峤µ۲ǿЦ˿ü۵ҲЦ⣬ӵʥԼ
ңʱһСС峤ܻס䣬ϣǰᣬλʢĳ͵ۡ
ϣֻʣѰֿҩҩݣ˵ѰϷ򿴹żأ֪⼸λҩݵķλֻҪѰʱϷԻʥʥŮΪýϽⶾ峤˵⣬ÿͷ۹ŵļ¶
ǰٴΪ׸ͷԵ͵ڵ¶һźǾɫݣüʳڣ˴񣺡ϣꡣ
;ʥŮ¶ʱһ㶣Ȼû뵽Էô
ΪСع֮أԶʤէȻһ۾ٿȴǲͬġ
ŵҲ¶ݣĸģˣһüɰһ㣬һڣºͣһһ۾ȵĸо
峤͵λѡ¹ʦƣǰʧ±˹ʦҲû֣λϿԾܷģϷСӣٰȻᣬʡڳ洫Եʦһְ
ʹˣʦ廹ҪֻСӹһˡ
֮峤ֽˣжˣպڹʦƾվȽŸ
Ŀȴ̲סʥŮϣǰ²ʥŮܻᣬȻ꾩ġ
ʱ͵»Ϣ꾩ܽһûǰ̫ӴߣϻʮǰȺڸׯλòɫŮӣ˵òҲΪơ
кλֻǺ͵˹Уǰͷλһֱ¾ǳʥŮ
λƵʥŮ֮λʥŮ뵱ĳʥŮҲĸ
һֱû˵ĿһֱʥŮϣֺ̧ۣܿ촹¡
峤ɻȥӿʲôʣΪʲôƵƵʥŮ
ֱӿʵ嵱λѳĳʥŮ֪λʥŮɸԷйϵ
ʥŮȵ۵Ѿˣ峤Ҳţû£δʺ˵ֻӲͷƤ˿ڣعӵĻĳʥŮλʥŮĹùãڳϣҲǳʥŮֳ
ԭˣҲ˵λ˵ıãϾѪԵϵǡ
Ƕλνıû̫ķӦҲģµԷĸ࿴һۡ
ʱ峤дζҩҩݿܴڵĵطһȥ˹ʦ
Ȼˣһλ¹ʦסڹʦҲӦġ
Ϊǰ׼ŵ£û峤ˣһԴţһи紵ݶ͹档
ȵ뿪󣬾󣺡λ¹ʦôʵʦĴڹȥкܴãӰ첢ûô
ϾϹʦܿĳʥŮĹʦҪһһϦıҲǲܵġ
Щϳͬ⣬ϵȷҲȶģףȥԺ˵
ͷÿɷĿ峤дصֽϣͷһĸطֱǹżϼصѰɽѩǧ˲ΡѪ󸡢Ƶĵط
ɽѩǧ˲ȻҲ˵ģѪͱȴû
ǰ峤˵ʱ͹ˣȻſ£ȷҩݣ˻
峤ǰȴҲһ䣬żȻˣôȷǴڵģܲѰûлԵҪˡ
󿴾üſǰ֣ˣ޻ȥѰĿǰ˵ⶾⶾ˵Ӱ첻󡣡þģǰЩգҩݹѰĵص͸ǧǷֱǵطǶҪ£Ҫ˵ѰǴʱⶾˡ
ָָɽѩǧ˲Σǰ⣬ǲУ
ףǣϾģȷλҩݡֻ֮ҪѰʣͿˡ
ĬˣȻǹżϼصģǾǿܴڵģȻˡ
Ѿܾûٻϵͳλҩϵͳܶһ𣿡ʣµĻֻв٣еĻһܸ֮̾ⶾˣǲڹУ̫ҽԺҲԶܿʼܡ
ôһ룬Ȳϵͳϵͳ˳
һܶһֻڸ߼ҩݣһҪĻֱȽϸߣҪһĻôµĻֽȫ㣬ȷҪһ𣿡
˵ЩʱòҪȴҲףҪ˵ҪѪôҪٻֶһĶ
ȴסˣһԣȻû뵽ϵͳȻܶһڻѪҪĻֲ֡ǲܣõλҩҪѵľʱȣѪҪĻ־ٵöˡ
ȷҪһ𣿡
бʣӦ
Ϊ̫ߵ̺
žдŵصֽþҪĵĻֻ˵˵ŷ־ڷǰ˺ü¶ûع񣬾еʶûˡ
һ뵽Լδʶνִɫһ䣺ңôˣ
ֻ˫ֻסļһ̾ͿͻȻ
漴ƾն̴ľУΪֵ̫ͻأþûعۻ
ʵĲųװȻĻ֣ȴ̲סֻһ̧ͷͶŵĿ⣬˿ٿ˿ƾճֵĶһ£Ҫ˵͸ҵ𣿡
󣺡


116 

Ȼû뵽ῴһĻ, 㶵ʱէȻ⻰ðûعο˾һۣǰӦţǲţ
Ҳ֪Լǣǿ, û취ϵͳ, , Ȼġ
ھҪô˵ʱȴֹˣ֪˵ʲôֻ¡ԺǲҪǰʩչԷǽжһУıģȴһһ͵ȥ, ֹ, 㹻һЩ¡
û˵, Ժл˵, ҩݵ֣Ϲ, һҩݾ׼ȫˣֱ峤ʼⶾˡ
󲢲֪ʲôҪúú;˵˵պضҪĵʱ򣬾ͿͻȻȲ, Žд򿪣Ǿ֪ҩʲôҲһ㶡
ԼʣеĻֶһҩݣһǶѪ󸣬һǱơ
ڿʵʱ򾰳֪ҩΪʲô, ˿Ƽ, ˡ
ҩݶѪɫ, жѪҩҶƬէȻһƺſܣѪɫĹӣĹ졣
ڱŸһ̣ȴѪ״ֻǸմ򿪽һŨҩ
ҲסˣǡѪͱƣ
ףֱӽ󣺡ʣô;ͽˣѰɺ峤ǲ峤ϿӦþˣϵͳҲƭϾô֡
ɫӣеɸˡϾѰĶͻȻôǧ֮ͻȻַ֣ʽʵԤ֪
üϲ˰ɣֻǶ˭֪Էȴ濴ǵͷ
û˵ʲôȴǰ߬ס֣¶ԷҲôǰʧƵģܸо֣һҲʧģǰƭģɸģҡ
û˵ֻǸոͷ̫˿ı֤ǰ˻ס°͵ľѡ
ھ̾Ϣʱ򣬻㱿ڵҸոˣϾ㲻Ҳþôۼ̺ʹ硭
ԼոհˣȻôģȴ̲ס䣬Уһֱŵڷ
ЩڵĶܿˣʱҲÿֶ˶µı䡣
˵Ҫҩݱˣڸ峤ҲҪһ²ܿʼء
һܻѪҽӴ˿̿ʼңҲת۾ҵ
Ϊ˷ֹй¶ϢҲҪһơ
ǾΪ˵õҩл֣ҪѪҪٻ׼
ԷһĻҪԤࡣ
Ծ쿪ʼȥ̫ҽԺְ
Ϊ˰ȫ룬ԲæһЩС˻߲ʹҪεģ빬С
һȡѰҽ󣬲Ҳˡ
ȻҪ̫ҽԺȴҪ˵ġ
϶ô࣬Ҳֻ֪ҪԼڣҲֹ
ǴԵɡ
ǰ鷿һص޵ＸͭǽΧǰȫġ
ϣм̯СƤ˯Сӡ
˯ˣС̺סСӣſ
һֱֳͷĿһ˲˲ϣ·ô
û̧ȴҲʱ޿̸о˵Ŀ⣬Σ
Ϊ󲻻˵Ȼ͹ĳ˵ĺƤȣ̹Ȼÿ
һ죬תƻ⣺лҪ˵
һ˲鷿һĻȻЩš
ʱ¸ǽжһ£ʵǲЩʹǾ֮Ȼ޷쵽ĲɿƣȻõϣͷһڶͷ
֪ǲǾܵû£
ŵúᣬôҲͨĹ˼ɣ쿪ʼȥ̫ҽԺµֵ
͵ۻʱȥְҪ̫ҽԺҪּ
ţһ㶣ΪΣ
ҲûʱҪ㻻ѪҪһЩʱòеҪһ
󣺣ÿܶôϵһˣ
߲ʱ򾰶ţо类һʱʱѪô˶ضˡ
ɾǽ˸˻Ҳʱµ˻Ѫ
˵Ļ֣һʲô˼ٿʱɤƣԼûֵĲ
ȴǰ׽ס֣ԼõϵͳԼܵõ֣ЩܶһҪĶһһ˵ˡ
˵꣬ʵʵûôֻţһĳװ
ﲻ˼۵Ц⣺ˣ֪ܲˣ
ָĦһֱķǣҲûĹܲ׷ǲǣ
һۣǻˣ
ֻûǺȥȥ̫ҽԺһȥ
Ҳ֪ǵԼӦһһ
˯ﻹŵСӣһһҾУҴȥϳЩʱ鷿һһҲˣȫû⡣
󣺡аɡ
ڶܿʥּһƬȻϾӿδĻʺôö˶ȥ̫ҽԺְˣ
뵽ӱҽʿߵʱҲǾӼ˲ٹ͡
ԲδʺǾùģԼҵ
ôһӾûѡˣδʺȻ紫ǰ֮ҡ
ֻǵּ¹֮գž̫ҽԺְֵλȴǰͬƷҽʿ˾Ʒҽ
Ϊǰд˵ǾҽףԵҲûʲô
ȻŶ࣬ʵŵĳ࣬ž̫ҽԺ˼գǰＸʹҽκò֢˶ˡ
Ծǰǲ׾ˣ³͵۵ʱ֣
ҽ¶ҲĽϾһֱ׾Ȼ峤˵Լҽͽܡ
ʱΪҪͬⶾıܵùȰҽ¶һЩʱ˵ҽҲôѪҽԼ
ʱⶾҲ˵ùȥ
Щ̫ҽԺֵܻʱϢ⣬˷İն֮⣬ҲЩ˵˼
Ǳڤʹ뾩Ҳ쵽ˣοɲҪ͵ģĺ幡
üſУŻᣬôôһϢûУ
ϹͭǽڣѹûӴ͵ۡ
ֻû˵취ĺǰԼĲ²ģҲ϶û취ȻҲ޷
ӦҲֱץǸвþв
ⶼôãôһϢûУ
ĺûϢϪȴ˶
̫ҽԺһ磬˲ʱҪȥ鷿͸ʱ̫ҽԺűҴƿ
м̫ҽʱɫ̫ãɫԻкͱҩҴˡ


117 

ü, Ҳ֮ߣˡ
ֻˣʵϰҲвˡ
ӻ뿪, һʲôˣ
Ӧò, ҽ϶һʱ
Ϣͨ, ǱڤʹӲϪ¡
ţôˣ뵽λӵݣǲ²ǰϪᣬôǹ⻹⣿
Ϣ˵λԳ׹߹ǣǲ̫áŽҽǰʹȥһ˱סӵ
һ㶣Ȼû뵽ôء
鷿ʱ, Ѿżҽ빬, ɫҲ̫á
ԱŵСһһ̫ܸ֪˵, һźܴҹ, ̧ͷʱһ, ŵһԵĴ̸̫סˡ
Сһһ˵ѾߵſСҪ
ӺһѱССӵСȶΪ, ߺġ
ǰСһһӹС̱סߺ״ᣡ
һۣ⻹, ׶
ȻԶ
ǰСӶ, ż, ֻϱô
Сӣ̧ۿԹ۵Ц⣺ˣǰӰģôüСˡ
ϰҲͺˣպܶӸ顣
СӱԼҵĲӣžļ
һһСһۺСӱøˣҲˡ
ùź󣬾ǰĻԼʱĿ⣺Ϫô£
һ£ʱ䱱ڤʹ꾩Ҳûţ˽ύ˲ˡ
и꾩ԺҲǻɵĹӣڤȥԣȻͬˣ˲ͬԺѧӡ
оݲСݽԴԷСʮˣûڣԺ顣
ݽԴ֪ͬڤʹһͬȥͬȻûɾܾȵ˵ط֪
뿪ȻˣҲò
ЩʱһȺԣ˶ӣݽԴˣײ˲ϪֱӽϪ˦һӲȥ˵ɫ̫ÿ
Ҳֻһ⣬ϪĻôܴܾΪ֮
ϾݽԴСүСӣĴɽǾı֡
ݲǾң취ݼΪպ
תͷݽԴͳˡ
ݽԴûйԭɲϪϪˣôڤнڷѣݽԴ
ݽԴݼһСģҲǾıܣôҲ¡
ϪͲ
ΪʲôʱɫôѿȻε£ҪôǱڤòϪΪ
ҪôǲϪԼݼӽԼ
һ֣˲ϲ
ƫƫݸζ֮֡
̾ϢһԴôˣ
Żˣʱڤ˿ѺѾСүȽ˻ȥ
ɽ֮ǰڳ͵۵ʱȥְһʱỹûؾϾԴ󲿷ݼϵǾڰ졣
õϢҲһʱȥݲû
ȸǱڤֻǲϪԼľ
òϪԼЦǾǱڤҪպܽñڤռϷһΡ
ҲֻǵĲ²⣬һΪܼĲҪأ
ڲϪµʱȥ̽ˣΪʱ̫࣬ǣˣԲҲûô򵥡
ȰʱҽϪκҲҴһع档
ǰŵģ;˰档
ϣµ˲ˣڤƺûжλҲûκΰţǡһųʱ̡̫Ҳɻ󣬱Ͼ̫ɣô⡣
ƫƫû˳֣ʱܲ鵽Ľ
üͷߵأ
ǾͻҪʱ顣ϾԷǶڰôȻûô򵥡
󣺡ȥ顣⣬Ͼ̫ɣµǲϪ
òϪµݽԴô򵥡
鲻Ǿǻϸ
鷿ҽҲŽӼͬ˶Ļвࡣ
û뵽λԼôں˷ǽ
ʱ̫ŲԼҽ
ҽɫأȻ̫ãɫһȣָӲҵ
ӱڤʹٴλ࣬Էһģ
Ϊ̫æϵĳЩҲ˵ƽʱһ˿ķ˿Ҳơ
ôһƣƽ״ʮࡣ
ָϣ࣬ӿɻã
⻰һ䣬ྐྵֱ۹
ΪڱڤλߣǹүԼʹҲֻǰ񣬹ͷһΡ
⣬λ࿴һӡ
֪Լͻ
۴̫࣬ǰ
ſڣ
˿ȦЩ죺ϳϾСһ
üҽô£
ҽͷҲܹ˵̫أܣǡ졣
û˵ûŬŲܹһʱ򴫹¾Ѷ
һԵľüͷҲƫͷȥ
Ȼϲᣬȵ֮ʱ͵ۺˣǰŻŹһΡ
Ҳûˡ
һ£Ҫ£̫סֻϳžʺõҽ洫ҽߣó֢ϿþʺСһơ
Ҳɻҽҽ˵Ҳû취ˣҲ˵һЩţһأ
һأ
ϾôҽҲͳλʺ
˵鷿ĬһƬȻԲƺ޳ɣþǲܵġ
û˭֪᲻⡣
ڴ֮ǰ
ۣƺλӸӡ
ɫ˱䣬ҧϳǰӣΪĸ̫΢ʱгͬ⣬ҪЮֻίһֱͷĸΪ뿪ˣϳѰûѰǡʱظ
ƫƫʱֳܼ£ҪϳͶ״Ϊ˲ܼôˣϳʱͬˡֻǰȥ֪ԷϪ⺢ӵ£Էס
ֻǰӵ²ܣԻزܸӵݣֻܶӵݡ
´ͷβЩĶԲסϳףЩίʮȥս
ò׹ͣϳҲ¡ʣµĻҲû˵ܶ²˵ġ
βҽסôֱ׿ڣȻΪ˾ȲϪҲʲôˡ
ȻѾ棬ֱӿڵҲ֪ϳܵΣȴǹˣڱڤе㻰ȨǻʺܾСһϳ֤ϳŵʱս
ЩԲǺӣڤʧƣҲ֮¡
Ҳ⣬Ȼڤ˵ͣжǲʱᷴˡ
һʼǲŻỳɱڤʹòϪ£ڸǲϪǲӣ
ô߶òϪ
ò˵үϳ֣Ļһ쵽ġ
󣬿ڵ࣬ҲҪˣǾͲܹӽ
ԭΪҪһ࣬Ծϲʺ˻棿ϳȥ˴
¾ڣ༸ǰ˰ݣ̾ͲĴҴ뿪
˵ʲôҡͷֹϪᣬҲʲô
ĻˣΪС̫ڤ˵ôֻʣһ˳ҲͲΪ塣


118 

Ϫֻ߱һ, һ·ͽֻʣ°
Ϊ˱ʾ޺Խͽ, һҲû, Ҳûκ, ҽ̧̫ҽԺ
ϪֻʣѾûн
ʱҲ£Ȳ鿴˶뿪
ܾȣ˵ķȻ˿
಻ףǡ
֣ܾȣֻǻʺ˵ַҽ洫⴫Բκ˿Ͳȡ
˵, ̾Ϳʼ, λʺ
˻ûӦѾ˴ҩ䶼ȥ, , ֻǵ˻عԼˣȻоȣ
Ҳ, ͷڲϪ
˻ԲѣȻʲôҲû취ο, ţҲ
ǲģûϣ̽Ҳ⡣
ȻҲͷһμ, ˺ð, ȴġ
û뵽òЩµĻֵҪȲϪ
Ϊ²Ϫ, ȸŪ˸ȫ飬òϪһʱѲʼˡ
һֱʱűס˲Ϫ
ȴûȥǼ˲Ϫû˵۾
ȿ֮ŻڴĲϪȳȥͿһֱߵ
ֻˣҲûѾûˣպúžСȷᡣ
üôֵģ
ӣŵ۾嶾ɵĶŪ˺ù۾ܿҸտ£۾Ѭ˹
Ȼ⻰˵꣬Ҳ꾰ȹ£Ǿ˵˵ʱһ֪ΣΪ£ð侰Իݼá
ȻҲΪĶ飬֮ᵱʵǾ
ͷ󡣡Ҳû˵ģʲôʱѣ
ȴϲᷢȣͲ¡˵ҲС⣬ϵͳҩ˵ǽ˾˻ǾˣѹҪܾãûԳףҩҪˡ
µòϪȷǵڶʱѹ
ΪĻָȲΣԵֱ̫ҽԺŲϪһֱȵڶϪһҹû˯ϿϪ̫ô˹ȥ
ϪҲû뵽һۻῴ࣬ǰϸһſڴǰѯʵĲ࣬ƫͷͷЩ飬Ժ̲סһǰ£뵽ڲǰݿµˡ
໹ΪǸѹ岻ʣǶλʺ岻ѣȻû뵽ԷҽȻô
˵뻯˵һҽҲ
ϾʱϪһҽ˵ȲˣôԷ˹˵žͷָĲ
ȥһ鷿лۺ󣬲Ϊ˱ʾдһͶ顣
ԼҽǺĵģԲģûϢǾǺϢȻ߸ιСӳ긨ʳ鷿ʹ˵ǲˡ
ûô̫˵ǲҪС߳ڵǰȻдʲôдúԼӡ£Ź۹ߵлۺ
СӲ㣬ô̫ཫſ
ûͶ飬ɫ̫ÿֱĿ⣬Ŀ˹ȥôƶЩĪ¹ذ񣬲໹˵ҪȻš
ɿոտڵʱ³͵һھܾˣ˿̵õŵųž־һʺСѾҽ˵Ѿû֮ǿԳֻ빬֮ǰС֪ǾʺԼʺһл֮
֪ΪʲôոַӦ̲סһۡ
ӣûȻʱѾ֧ˣⷴӦþֺֺЦȻԷԼֱӾܾþá
ôϪϪĻ֪Է
ԼģɲϪȡ֮Ϫģϧô๦꾩ŶԷûʲô
ΪԵʣ֪󲢲ȡȻ˲е˼ôĽҲס
Ծȥƣᵽʲô
¿һֱŵ𰸵Ĳ࣬˿ڣȻҪңǾȥһɡ
ʱɿ¶ϲЩ̫ǷǺӣһֱ취ֲǶԷһҪʲôȻǲöԷʧġ
Դ⻰ˢһ°ͷת˹ķԹ㻹Ҫȥ
鼫üףⲻǻԼѡ
ѡҲĲǼ棬ȷϪᣬ˻Ծ˼ȥĽʲô
ѡȥᣬҲֻ
ȻͬˣǾȥɣպҲȥӵˡ˵ùûʣֻо֪С˼ֻû
ȴŵˣȻû뵽Ȼ͵ȥϪ˵ʲôײΥ֮ʵҲԼ²򵥣ŵ΢һƾץ뿪꾩
ϪԴ֪Ǿ̲֮ס˵ҪȻܰݡϪ෢֣ΪǡϪԽԼĹԼദĵε˵˳
һʱݲһ㽫ԼɡϪԼʱ򶼾ԼǡϪˣοԼӶûĲࡣ
˲ԡϪҪΪλᣬҲҲԷһ档
Է˻ʺպ󶨻Ӱ룬Ҳ޷̽ĸ߶ȡ
޷ʹȴĿǰѹʵϣ
ϾԼֻǱڤһӣȴ̲סһ˿ϣҲأҲԷȻϾҲµʲôأ
һ˿ϣʵҲû̫ϣԵҽ˷ܹ˵ǵۺʱģǲܶҲ
һμԷǽӷ磬ԶԶһۣȻ£˵Ǽٵġ
֪ԼκڣʱԳһԥԷ;绤֮¡
ܿϧһעõģҲûзڵĻᡣ
һ˵̫ҽԺʱ̫ҽԺ˶ӭӣ̫ఴ˼˸æģŽ˴ܹ˵ķſڡ
۱Сһֱ󣺡ϻҪ𣿡
СһһһһСźƵķ𣿡
СһһҲϣСֽԼҵ䣺
ҡҡͷ濴ȥ˵ʲôҲ˵ȥ
ģڱ˵ǾͲ˵һĻ죬òͻٵͬھأ
֪ǹҽڣϾģû취ʱϵͳȡʱ˭˭治һ
һһСС񣬾ˣȥǰǾ濴һۣ໰
ͷһûӦҪģĵԼˣǸ˵ݻҪ˵ġ
ԴĶһľͨͨţΪĲ䣬ֻԼһЩ
ƿܿнŲƹ磬ݳڲԶôվҪ
Ϊ˻ȥֻŤͷôų˼ĺˣ֪ԼݣԻǿơ
Сҡߵߣ̧Ŀ⿴ǲŶһСûס۵׵й¶
ᣬصҲϰܲסˣ
ͷһ֪ˣ


119 

ΪɫҰ, ԾȥһԵľ֪ˣǲǴҲ֪Լ˭ˣ
뵽ÿμĿ, ֻĿǿһ, , ͷš
ֻǵȥŷ־ôʱûʲôͬ߷·ѹһ޹ؽҪˣỹǲϪԲûʲôͬ
ϵ̫, û̼Էֱʾھ, ֻǱȥһԵ, ʾǹ, ⡣
ԽԽǾŶʲôҪ
ǰ˼, Ȼ봲齻мԶִô
ʹҲ֪Ѿûʲô⣬ɫѿȫԼȶ
żɽҸ߻ġ
⻰, 㶺þãɤǰʵôֵģ
˵Լ£ԼϤĻʱ۾г¾ж, , պ뵱㱻嶾жʱࡣ, ޸ˣȻǴͷƤµ֣Ǵ򣬻ܿ
ʵЩֻ˵ģϾıԼҪϿ
޷Ҳְ취һ־Ǵӿ֣һ־ͷƤ
벻ͨǣαؽԼģ
Ȼû뵽ԼôõʱһУڶԷȴͬ裬һ۶˳Цһû뵽ôͱ¶ˡ
̲סȥԽȥԼﱧŵķ۵Сӡ
˿СһһɶĻҲ֣ôᡣ
Ҳͷһô뿴λС̫ӣ˵ǳ͵۵׹⡣
֪ʱľǾ֪Ҫ󵱻ʺŶԷȻίԼˡ
ôΪʲôñŮĺӣ
ǷŭƫִģʱһҪ˸ߵ˼
һȴڵ꾩˵˺֮֮ܶȴɡ
Ĳ⾰⣬ΪҪ˺󹬣˵⣬ΪʲôֻλС̫ӵĴڣ
ǼһλС̫ӵģϴνӷʱֻʱԶҲֻôԶԶţ˿̽뿴ţͻȻ֣λС̫ӵģǸ񾰳
һʱԺܶӷĴš
˵һʼС̫Ӿɾչ˵ģС̫ӲԷô׽˵Ϊ͵ӵǻ꾩ңԵʱǾ˵ľŴС̫ӵĸ
ɴͷβûκ˼С̫ӵĸЩеһҲֻǴ˵νࡹ
ΪС̫󳤵̫ûκ˻С̫ӵ
ΪԾ˼һǴδֹͣ˼ԷģüһһǿԺҲ˿ƼС̫ӵģС̫˵ʵϸ񾰳
Ϊ֪ǻ꾩֮ǰòѰľԺ˿̱ųһ˼ͷǲǾӵѪ
һ㶣Ȼû뵽ͻȻʳôһ⣬СһһģܲµôʵԵɡ
ܶ೯СһһҲ뾰񣬵û롣
ϾǾûϲϵѪЦѹ룬ֻɺϣǲ²С̫ӵĸܳ뾰
ỹͷһôʳСһһǾѪġ
һۣûҲûϣⷴӦ۵ףȴ൱ڳˣ޷ȴǴδйĽӲôСһһͻȻ͵Ц
ЦԽԽߣɤȴ·ʣԼЦһΪԼõһУɴͷƺʲôû
֮һʵӣʱǸһܵģһʼ׶ԷΪ̫ӵݲŻᵱ£̫ˣԷΪλô
֪ӻݵĿ֪ϱһ˵˵һ뾰һԣһǻΪۣһΪ˵ԷҲǰĽģ뽫һг档
ʱһպðǰڤӲϪ˲κܿҪûϻڵˣԷѰѡҪôӴ˲ٹǰҪôΪһˣ»ص꾩һС
ʱ۶ǾȻѡ˺ߡ
ǲϪԷǷһ飬ͲˣֲԼôˣĸûѰûڣû˸ۡ
ԣĸԸ֪ԼһУȡ֮ΨһҪǲòù
һʱ䣬ͷ˱ڤ˲Ϫ
꾩֮ǰɱ󣬽رڤ¸ʼὫݸһгΪʵɵ꾩ľ˼Ϣ
ΪǱвȵģΪ˲ûи飬һãֱӷ磬ŷԼס
Ϊ˺󹬣ʱʱģǼٵģΪ³ԴҲģһ̿ʼļƻҡˡ
һУԭܿòҲûˣһүӣܻס
ǲģһУȴڴ˿̳ʧ٣֪Լˣش
ͨһ㣬ûݿеϱӣҿڣʵǲǼٵģҲ»ھһУΪһ̫ӣ֡ԼӦġ
꾩֮ǰұ뽫ߵġֹסЦ˵ôһ䡣
ԭĮĿ˹ȥ
ûɱ˵ߣҷ֡һ붼
üһ룿ƾʲôޱȣ
ЦǱȲϣҷԼȫûʸ񣬸οӾңҲô֪ôˡ
⣬Ƿˣ̲סɿ򲻵ѣûҪҪȡԼͨǾԼ
˵öԣģǺãǷĺˣûɱϪĸԸݸҵģֻҽܼҽϵ췭ظ̧ۣͻȻ֪εô£⡣
ôô̫ӣʶݽԴģҲݼҷѡ
ʲô²Լ֪һ˵ҲΪʲô
üȷ֪ô£
᣺ĿҲ˭ӦܲµóӦϻڵйأҲҵұɲϪˣҰϪ꾩Ҳ
üͷȻ׼ţǰ뿪˶ûԷ
׼Ҳʧһû뵽տʼ׼žѾʼ׼һУԴͷβڻû
ĺǰҲϻڵֻƺΪԵʣ嶾ɵĵλҲ˲٣˵ֱӴν˵ҲĸҴõϢĺƺλʲôɶ˵ܣĺ并꾩ţһд·áв̫ƽ¶Էδ˵
ġĸɫøŹ֣׼ŵݲδ˵֮Ҳ֪׼żǺϻڵҲ̫ӡ
ԺϻڵǡǳʥŮ
۾΢ɼλ
ҡͷûмҵ֮ȥ˹˳һϻҪѧϪĸϰߣûôӴˡֻ˺ҪЧʱʱɹͱͻ˱ڤ
һۣﶼʧһͻȻ뵽ڹ˳ܳһʱ䣬䲻ʵڹ˳ЩŮӣ
ȻʥŮôҲͬģҲ֪ʥŮ仹˵


120 

־Ϊʲôô, ϸ룬ȷôһλҲΪʱϲ, ԶǷ¡
ϣ˵ʲô, ȴףôһ˵, ôһˡֻǶԷ󣬲֪Щʲô
βȥҲ̧ͷȷ˭
ڹ˳һ࣬жҲôλ˽ﻹ͵͵ģΪ˴̽Ϣ, Ҳύ˼˶ĸɢӡ
ΪЩ˲, ȱЩ, ϳִ, Իüٹ˸ĹӸ罫Ϊ֪ʵϾԩͷ
¶, ֪˲£һξһλ󳼸ĹӺˣ˿һλԱ߶ε, ʴʣ˵⻨ûһ㣬ҽμӹ磬λھ󹬵ķ, ǲ˼ɫ
ʱԷ˾, Ϊ˵Ҳ޹˼, ѹͲš
๫ΪڸﲻܳԲûлûӲţϾ˵Ѿʮ࣬ôҲ껪Ļɫ
ǹӱòᣬټһ˵͵͵˻ģһȺɵ
Ͼ˽˵˵ҲԼ֪Ҫ֪˽عҪ¡
ǹΪ˸Լ˻ҲۣΪż¡
;ȴסˣȷǷ
λ̫ˣϾ֮Ϊ⽫Ĳ˱
ڹ˶ôĿɾǵγλү׼һݡ
ҲΪö˾ôȣΪλ˱ŵ·ϧ׼żǧΧǣҲΪλү竣˲ˡ
ܿǳʥŮ
Ϊ̫Ⱦþû˵Ŀ󣬺ߴ۵ǿʲôֻǾܾԼʲôһʱ벻
ῴ겻˵Ϊǲţ˵ĶģǸӻٵĳɷ֣ǹ˶ǧ֮⣬ҲӦġλģ续ǰ㡭ȷҼÿŮӣҲȲһ롣
ڹ˶ôã˽Щ˶λʵ΢ʣԲôĵӸ˽λԭǷҵλӣƷ̫ӣз޶ƫƫû˸ҵ
Ҳ֪ЩϢûģȻʣӦЩõģо˽ʵЩλĴš
ڻ̧ۣʲôΪڹ˶ʱӣûгԶڹ˶ĴŲ
ᱻôţЩԥҪҪ˵Щű߼ʵĻ
ͷһȾ˵˳ʵڴ֮ôǸүɶԷ빬֮ǰ˽ӡ˵빬ǰڹģͬ
ЩϢѹû˸ᣬ˷ҹĹǰͼ޹ˡ
ԭһֱüãԭһѹ뵽ȥЩţԼǳʥŮô׼˱ǷҵӣôпܲȳΪӲŽӴķ
ҲΪΪ⽫ӡ
˱ܡ
һ˱ĸ
룺У˵ǽʮǰһĹ˶˱˷⸮ıү֮ԷҲüã˷ۣȸŵոķ˹ûҪڡ̫ã˵̫λүϹ󸮷Ϊ̧øߣܲӡ
ҲΪ˲ٷˣҲύˣ֮ȻҲٲλϡ
ȥǸ²ģֻܲµֺγ²ٲ໹Ҫ֪ģ˱ĸʲôأ
ҡͷҲ֪˵ҵʱֻϴŲ˱ϣӦղܣĲ
֪ɲܽķ˵ղ֮ˣǲɲܽи
Բܽ󲻿ܲѰҲܽףƱ֪ġ
ȥ󣬹Ȼ֮Сһһֱ۷ɫҰףþû˵һ֡
۲ѣȻû뵽һ֮мȵõ֪ȴ̣Ҳû뵽ܽķ˾ȻԼŸð󣬽ΪԼĹıò˱ôĶԡ
ΪѰ˺ӣʥŮȻûҵ
ϾȻصΪʥŮδ¶ֻҪȥܽ˳ҵһЩߵġ
ΪΪ˱ԼĹ⣬ԳʥŮûѰΪ˲˱Ϊ˱ô£Ҳıô˵ˡ
鸴ӣȻʱ᲻˵ʲôֻܽѹĵס
ղ̫ԣ˵˵ʲô𣿡޷ʳʱԼҲסˣȻڴ֮ǰδȻгһôгദ
̫ӵʱѹûλ忴ϾԷѹʣԺҪ̳лλģϻʺСĴѹԼϲǸ߰ȴԱġ
Ϊʲôĸ㲻ϲĸֶԻǳģ飬Գ͵۶һأȲҪ֡
˭֪˺ŷ֣һжǼٵģǰ·һЦ꾩ǰԼպҪô棬ҪôٻʱҪһж
ʲôʱһлǷ˸ı䣬ӲϪǰĻʱղģٻ֮ĸ飬ĽʲģȴΪ
ѾԼģᣬȴǴʣѾ֪Լ֪ˣɻлҪ˵ûУô˺֮͸ʹرڤɣֻ֪ݣڲǱߣԼȥ˵
ϪȻĸԸøᣬô˵벻˵ҲɣЩ޹ء
ΪĹϵ׷ȥ£ѾǷŹ
ᴹһʱûпڣھΪ˵ʲôʱ̧ͷ濴ιǴԶҲˡӴ֮˻᳹ʧҲߣԶҲ꾩ڴ֮ǰ֪ңʵģҡаģ
ѾСһһߵԣĿɨᣬĿ¶ƣĵҪˡ
û⺧˵Ŀ⣬ֻžƫִ󣺡𣿡ֻλˣ֪һ𰸣ۺ뻵١Ϊŵʱи
֪ΪʲôҪ֪һ𰸣ĬãûС
ǵһӦöûĶģһʱ£˲ݣʱΪ̫ӵ⿿£ԷΪԷֳ⣬ʱӦøԼ
κθڣûҲǲԼⱲᲢδʲô
۵׵Ĺһ㵭Цһ֪ˡ
˵ĵ㣬㲻㣬ʹһİˮжҶȡ
̧۾ž뿪һ㣬ȻЦЦлл𰸣١ʹΪһİˣҲܹĹġ
ǰסĿ⣺ᣬ޵˿𣿡һֱû˵ʲôɲ浱ġ
ͻȻڵԲΪԼȥһеǸҴˣشԺ󡭡չ˺
ۣ㽻
Цһۣĳߵл͵ۡлʺ֮ͶλӴԺԲϪݻȥصڤҲ̹ףԷݵô£Ȼ뿪¿ʼֻǴӴ֮ˣΪ˷ֹ˵Ὣߡ
һۣǱ̨˼û˵ʲôֻǵ뿪ص鷿뵽ǰĻĿһֱûô˵󣺡㻹𣿡
ԭ飬̧ۣʲôңʲôõġֻĻû˵꣬ǰסߵĻҲ˵׵˻ΣǰڻͷĲ䣬׵ķΧĽ
м䱻ӵСһһǰͷ˵ˣһͷǲǰˣ


121 

Ȼÿ쵫ʧҲ, ϾȻҵʥŮҲֻΪĸҲǵĳʥŮΪ˱Ĵ¡
֪ǳʥŮ֮ǰ, һֱΪ֮ô, ϧϵڤ˳ȷѪΪȵ۵, ΪѾˣҪǱˡ
ʱ׼ſ֪˭Ѱֹ֮ô񱨸𼸹ս
ĻܲµģҲµˡ
ôԵ޹ʶһôãοֻǹ֮, Ҫɲܽߵ, ôԼŸӼá
Ĵ, ֻλŸӹ簮, ӶΪݼڲŶԲãΪ˲˱, ϧ˶ԹصҲνһԸðָҲ㻤ţ⣬Ҳǳڲ˼
뵽, ֻзΪ˱ĺӣǸ걻ܽߵĺӡ
Ϊ⺢ӵߺ˺ܶ࣬Ѱ, 뽫һԷ
ôһ, ʥŮЩΪҲ˵ͨˡ
ѲΪԼ, ӽ˲ֻܽû뵽ΪȴԵɺ֮±ʱүĻȣ˽լ֮á
Ϊ˱͵ۣӻ֪ʺһ̥󣬵ȻཫӴû̥Ȼʼ˱
һʼʥŮϻ嶾ɺӦֻΪΪӱ
ƭ׼ΪԼǳȵ۵ã͵ǵĳˣ׼гһɱԼ
ֻû뵽ڼżȻѰ˲ϣʱΪ˻ȥҲΪ˸ԼŸһӣƫ˳ʥŮ⺢걻ܽߵĺӡ
ʥŮ֪ԼӻźΪźϻ׳Ȩƴ֮ϧһ֮뱱ڤϣĿ֮뱱ڤܾˣôʱ˳̲
ǹ˳մȨʱֻҪ룬ڤ˳ᾡ͵˱С
Ϊ˱·ΪҲûѰҺӣеȻҲѾѰֻǳʥŮԼû뵽ƭ׼ţƭ
ѭӦˬ
Ǹӵģû뵽֪ῴ־棬ҲΪԼνġӡ͵۵õ嶾ɵĶҲǳ֣Ŀ޷Ǿǽϵҡ
ʱ϶ӣĳ͵۵ġ
뵽Щ²⾰ҲµˣҲ˿̸Ҫһȴþĵײȥ˶ץ׼ŵʱ߹ذԼʥŮ£ʱ׼˵Ѿ֪ʥŮɱ£ʱһ֪ʥŮֱ˳˵׼Ż᲻Ѿ֪ǳȵ۵ãҲǳʥŮĺӣ
׼ĴЩ²µˣ׼ŵôûκζ˶ǱҲòκϢûǾıһ춯ص顣
ʥŮƭΪ˱ô࣬׼ôܲ
׼֪ǳʥŮĺӣټϷԲ˱ôãǶܿô׼ദôöȻҲܿߣô׼óʥŮΪ˱ĺ¼̶óʥŮأ
üͷøȻҲһϾ׼ôͿʼᣬôʱ˼ô׷֡
ǲˣǻ˰
뵽׼£ɫ΢䣬ϾԷȴڰ
ˣǲȷ׼ǲѾǱ뵽ʹ߾ͲǿĵطһôĬĬţںʵʱ䲻ҧ
׼ǰʥŮƭˣɱԼ޷ֲıʹҹҹ׼ŲŹʥŮġ
ֻɱ˳ʥŮҲ޷ͷ֮ޣôóʥŮͬζģ޷ǰһóʥŮɱԼĶӡ
ʥŮΪ˱ԼĶӣ˱£ٽ޻ͷϣôеĳʥŮض᲻ɱ˱
꾰ĵǣγһ·û뵽ֿԣԷҲѾǱܣŽɱˡ
ʹ֪ʥŮǱɱΣ뵽ԼĸҪɱָоܡ
ǰӵסҪǰǳȵõϢй¶ȥһʥŮ꾩ġ
ҡͷŵġһʼʹȥҲԷôһ㣬ڹ۶Էֻᵱȵ۵ƣǰѾùһγȵõ塣
һǲɲܽףһǲӣЩ֤ȫڵǰʲôطǲ
Ҳ׼żȻҪóʥŮֳôýڡ
ʹЩĻ߱ĳʥŮҲţʹдҲ٣ʼҲһֻ˵Ǽ顣
Ҳûа취
óʥŮԼأϵĶΨһߣ峤ԼʥŮδʦ꾩ҲסΪǰʥŮԼϻĳʥŮѹס
ⶾǸᣬʥŮ϶ζ֣һĶˣôԼ书ѹԸ󣬸οǹеİԼ
̧ۿȥôԼ
ʥŮֹⶾǾͰսⶾҪĶƣһҪʥϡҩݡѪĴΪýʥŮʥܹصʥҲԳΪʦһҪ֮ʥŮ壬ȻǶԲסǰʥ֡ҩ߿ܣǾʣ»ѪĴ֪˭޷ֻ֣ʣΪýʥŮϴ峤ʥŮǳʥŮֳŮҲ񣬻ʥŮƻⶾôֻҪʥŮɡ
̶˾˼һλʥŮҪʮʱ䣬ѪСʥˮıʣܳΪʥŮΪýôǵѪܵκӰ죬Ҫ˵嶾ϻڣϵĶҲͳֻ֣ҪʥŮ¶ȶѪٸʥŮˣʹ֮ǣһһشѪͻˣҲ͵ʥŮ
һλʥŮҪʮ꣬ĵ𣬵ĶȴĲ
οʮʱ㹻취ٴγ֡
̾ϢһЩ̣ǿڵֻҪǰʥŮˣʱʥŮҪֻ֣֣ˣóʥŮ֣ʱ򡭡׼֪ĿĴﵽҲ
һʯֻԼĸⶾĻᣬЩ̣ҲǲѴ֮ܽǱڵΣһĺʱ


122 

;Ͱվ˵İ취һ, Եᱻںʵʱ˽峤˹
峤ʱΪ͵Ǵ˳ȥѰǼζҩݣϿǻʲôģǾ֮ǰдĲϸϷҲһͬǰ
ϾеҩѰȫĻ, ͵۵ĶҲͲܿʼ⡣
˵ʵҲδλҩ, ɽѩǧ˲ȻϡеǴڵ, ҲֻǴڹżС
ȴҡͷָָһԵĸУ峤ǰȥѰҩݣ峤ƣǰеҩĶ֣
峤һ㶣ʲʲôô˼ǻϾȻѾѰôܣ
治ɫ峤ưɡ
峤Ϊ̫𾪣عȲǰ, ԭŻΪ͵ǵõƵĶ, ɵһд, 峤һȲɽѩǧ˲Ѿѵ, û뵽ȻǶѪͱƣǼż, ͷһģһ˵ӻܳһ
ǰ峤ҲɹϵûȻżд, ôӦеġ
ɼʹôãȴҲҴʮʮİգ˿Ƽ峤˫ֶڲ, Ϊȷ, С, ϸǼʹɹȻɢŨҩݣϽ۹أϲϺϲϣȷǽⶾ衣
ֱ춼ڱ͵ۣôѵõĶȻôѰˣ
ЦЦ峤ɣҲãй˵˵ʱ̲סһԾϣ̧ۿգգۡ
һȣɴֻû
峤û룬λ͵۵ĺˣҲûʵôõġ
Ͼλ͵۵ǻǰصģλҩѰˣҽһϷ̾ܰϽⶾ
̾Ϣһ⵹ǲѾȥŸҽֻܲѰҽ֪Ҳż޻峤ҲֻȷҩݿɷģȻҩʣµֻ農ҽǱߵϢɡ
峤ҲӦǣҲʱһµ۶岻ãʱ򷴶䲻Ҳϣλ͵ָܻ
峤뿪֮鷿ֻʣ󡢾ԼСһһˡ
˹ֻҪˡ峤ѾõѰҩȫѰôӦû֪ͨʥŮʱ׼˵ʥŮ߾дʽǰԳի
峤ʱ֪ʱʼУֻҽϢ
ʥŮѾǱ뵽ʦôʥŮ֪ˣҲʹʥŮ֪ϵĶҪˣ϶ס
סѾȥ˼ӹʦһͻǰ档
һʱ߲ûٴκζһֱһº½峤˹
峤һһֱڵȣ˿ټ̾ʹҴҹˣȲʵϣҽϢ峤棬Ͼ屾Ҳɵ˼٣ܻѪҽûмԾͬʱҲ棬ۼһ
ȴǳüչ̾ϢһҽȷϢˡ
峤̾Ϣ￩һ£ǡ̫ã
󣺡Ҳǡ
һ㡸Ż峤ε̻òߣϾҽǼٵģҪ˵ֻͨһݡ
Чˣ̾˿ҽȷѰˣֻ˿Զǧ֮ⲢҪûʱο˵ԼͲ£Բôһˡ
峤ɫ䣬ҽʹҩˣûܻѪȻû취Ͻⶾǰæˣ
Ϣǣҽ˵洫ҽûѪ֮СƣȫҪԹѾѪ֮ķһͬдֻҪѧᣬҲ޻Ѫġ
峤ģһֻǡСƣѪ֮ôȻҽֻǺϰƽС£
찡ҽöȻ˰
峤ˣͬʱȻ˰
峤ɿллأˣϷ߿Ҫ׼
׵ҪһЩ׼ΪҪѪҪṩѪҺˣѡҲҪ󣬰ҽ˵ҪѪģ˶һҽһôѪˣЩС£׼ҪգǾ͵պ޽ⶾ
峤ЩδţѪʲôȫû
ȷÿ˵Ѫһ֮ǰѪʧܣЩ˼ʹʱûҲȥ
ȻǸˣ
峤õ϶ӣ̼ȥȥνⶾйôպ϶ܸܵãǶԣǺ¡
峤߸ʥŮ׼ʥҪʱʦæʼһһȥ
ڵյʱһǰ棺ǰķԸǰ֪峤ҽºѾһѵλòʥŮƵ滻ʥŮˣ峤ûֲԾǰչʦǱһֱûжҹʥŮյʥŮԹùõԼϢʥŮȥ󣬹Ȼһϡ
뾰һۣǶĶˣǰĲ²ⶼ档
ʥŮ֣ôֻǴʥŮ֡
ΪʥŮĹùãʥŮ·ģǰɴŪһٵġ
ʥŮûʥ޷֤ʵȥĵǲʥŮ
ϾҲ֮ǰҲûʥŮ
ʥŮ벻ͷĿģԲỳɡ
ʥŮǲ²ǰԼ˽ֳԼΪɣʥŮʲôȴʥŮʥŮݡ
޷Ǿǰǰ²ǰ㣬ˮһжһǽҩ
ֻҪⶾʱ̣ʥŮƻΪʥŮѹ֣ᷢȴû뵽Ѿ˻ˡ
ʥŮûжʥŮʲôֻҪû˷֣ϢٵʥŮİ취һʧ
ȷ֮ǲûбֳκȴȥǰһµʱѾܹ˻֣Ϊ³⣬˲١
ѡѪͬ׼һ׼׵֮󣬺ܿ쵽ʽⶾ졣
峤һԴŹʦǼ֮ŴŹʦ۾ڹʦ
ʦǰѾźˣЩṩѪҺ˶һʱɾȥѪ
;ʱ򣬰ҲһܽʦΧ˸ˮйͨ
ܿ׼׵ڹʦټĹУ峤ԡ󹧹ʥ˳ʥŮŰ۾ߵǰϥ˫ֺʮֻۣʥ֤󼴿ɵýΪµ۽ⶾ
Χˣ峤ȴʥˮó֦մˮһӣʥŮĬĬʲôֻȴǰʥŮü¶ʥŮӡϢģ޷Ӧ
峤һ㶣ԭֽ̧Ķ̫ͻأ˶̲ס̧ͣۿȥͿ峤ɫҰףȥʥŮ㡭㡭


123 

峤˵ʲô, ˵һĻΪԼۻֵɴʥŮü, аˮ˻, ȻϢġ
ûʥŮӡ, ҪôԷʥŮҪôԷѾʥŮͨˡ
峤ɫױˣ峤ҲסʥŮӡ
ʥŮۣȿ˶ôҲסˣôˣ
¹ʦ뵽ʲô˸óͭʥŮӡûˡ
ҪΪ͵۽ⶾȱһʲôǱκ˶ôѵҩݶѰ, ΪԵó͵û취ⶾ, ܻܿܵǣ, ᱻǲǹҪ͵۵ġ
ʥŮҲɫ, ŶͷôôͻȻʥŮˣ
󾲾һĻǰ֪ʥŮǼٵ, ŶԷ⾫տݼҪˡ
ʥŮǼٵģȻˮЧ
峤Լʦ㱣㡢յʲôö˶˵ôͻȻʧȥʥŮݣ
δţ壬ʥŮǾϸѡ, ֮ǰûκͷ
ʥŮŵˣôһѣ뵽ʲôɫ䣺ҡҡֻȥ˹ùá
ùãʲôùã峤ʳ, ȶʥŮ, 뵽Էֻһù, ֻڶʮǰѳ壬ԷǰĴţ˵ȵ۳ɻ顣
͡
ѵû
峤־ֱһֱһĻһڵϡ
üôˣΪʲôʼ
峤ͷŵ棬˾أϽʧʥŮ⣬յĽⶾ޷С
ʲôʲôˣбİ취ܹ棿Ϊ˱ƳʥŮԼװüŭ
峤ЦһҪһλʥŮҪʮꡣ
ʮǰԷѳ壬Ƕٴγ֣Ҫ
һôԲסˣ
ŭЦ峤ڿЦ޵ȵʮꣿ
һԵĴ̫̳ܽⶾ˵ģʥŮҲģı֮İɣǰйʦ滻г͵ۣǺûϲܽⶾĿ
ĸ֣ùڵϵŵһ
峤ȴֲ֪α⣬ΪΪϽⶾܽӣ˭֪Ȼ֮֡
峤ȫϷܣʥŮ£ϷԸһеϷŹһ
̫ǳ⣺峤һܵ˻ϵ
ֹֻ̧̧֣̫֪⵽ô£ʥŮö˶˵ôͲʥŮˣ
峤ֻӲͷƤ͵ǡʥŮĹùҲǰʥŮΪ
ֻۣǵǰʥŮǳȵ۵ķޣѾ峤Ϊ𣿡
峤죬޴£Ϸ򡭡ҲǸ֪δʡ
Ц޲šⶾҩɽ⣬峤޻ܵȵûʥŮҲܽǰʥŮѰʣ㣿Ȼ޻ˣһҲɡ
Ƶһ仰ȴţ峤ɫҰܣȴ˵κĻ
֮ǰôҲû뵽һ塭ȻС
峤̲סںᣬͷʹɺǡ
̫ȴѾˣһͼıϣһ£
һ䣬һȴӰǸ˺ԶǺܽ
˭ʱӰ󾰳ǰ⴦
ͬʱʦмӾϢ򿪣澹Ȼпյģ¶һֱӵµܵʱһӰһӵµĽ
Ȼʧõ׼š
뽫׼Ȼû뵽ʦȻôһ
ԷôõĹʦڹʦֽŵȷ׾١
󾲾üͷһ£վߣҲ˹
׼ŵĿھϣʱôٴμԷֻĸо͵Цû뵽ټ棬Ȼ־档
ɫ׼ţôȴΪƽû뵽һĲǳʥŮ׼š
׼ΪһȦģһģҼȻˣǾû뿪ǰҪץ͵۳ˣ
Ϊ׼ŵĳ֣ڳ˶ûȻ׶Էʲô
׼ǹԼһ԰רŵʥŮǰüģۣ֪ܿҲõ˵Ļ峤˵ĲʥŮٵİɣ
Ҳ˴ɱ˱޻Ϊ˸˱С𣬻Ĺĺݵİ
ֿ׼ţȻڸ˭˵ֻǳ͵ûڣֻš
׼ãӳȵ֪֪ܵ϶׾Ǳƻɱ˳͵۵ʱ򲻾ôԼҲ˵ˣҪۿɱ˳͵ۡ
Լʱ͵׿˵ģҪĹɱʱӦò֪ȥվɣ
ңȴһΪ͵ҵĳˣԼͶ˵Ļ˫մѪΨһ˲ҡ
ɲ˱Сȴ籦Ļţչĺɢˡ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
֪ܣſţҾٸһܡ
ƭңƭɱԼأѭӦˬƭҵͬʱ˭֪Ҳƭأ˱ǲɵĹ⡣
ܾó棬·ֻ׼ųֹܴЦ㻤ôõĶӣĹأ㵱ɴߵǸ˭أ
룬ܵɴҷɣʱգȴĪ˴˸
׼ŵָһָպϣ㵱ȵ۵ĺĳ͵ء
ϲɱҵ񡭡֣ɱĹ⡣
һأ˳;ˣʲô
峤̧ͷȥ󣬶һأһķϯ
ͬʱһӰӶȻܵЪ˹ķŭֻţ˵ѣ
׼ԽԽڳֵˣЦ⣬ͷһôվڹʦôųＫģȻţʲôأ
ﻹûͱΧڣֱָԷ޷
ʢŭ֮ȫΣžֻܲظ˵ģ϶
׼ȴתͷһֱĬ󣺡㲻ĸҸˣ㲻׿ڸĸ𣿡
˫۷ȥҡͷңƭҵĶԲԣһжģôʥŮǸɱк
ӣôĺӣ
ֻȥʱպÿ󾲾Ŀ⣬ͻȻˣͷһ˿ϣױġġʲô


124 

ģ̾Ϣһ˵Ĳ, ޵ȷǵǸӡ㽫и֪ܽá
Ѱ常, ȵ۵ӡԼǵĻһ˹ȥ
˵Щʱ, ˻, һ׼õĶ˹ȥ
׼Ŵӳ־һֱôųʹı飬ΪԼӦûܸˣ֪Լƭ֮һֱ뱨ȥ
ı꣬Լ㱼ʧȥĿ꣬ΪЩ, ʱоԼԾкø, ޷, žײײɽʱ, ڶǵֲζ
ֽ͸ӳȫǡ
ֻʣһ˹Ӳд, 뱨ˣۿųںޣóҲζɴ˿̿ųＸģ, ͻȻ򾰳
¿޵Ŀ⣬˳ҲǼӰȥĻᡣ
ֱȥŷ־ͷβûиһ񣬷·𵱳Щڹ˶ദڣھ, ԶҲѲ˵㺦׵ݡ
һʼ̫, ϶ǰ, ϶ܱøãҲҲ
ųʹ˻һͻȻǷһҪ˹ɱ׼ţȴ˸סˡ
׼ԶԶųͷһμλĸǱģܶ棬Ī߸ϵĹĳһʧȥ̵ĸޣʹˣں޲ѡ
׼ŵ͵ЦѾҵ飬ֱƭֺ˵ĸоΣģ㲻ɱңΪһ뿪أ֪㻤ŵǸ˱ڹ˶ǲ㺦ӡ
ΪΪʲô˲˱ϧֽӽⶾĻŪûˣ˫մѪĸоζô
׼һһ䣬ڳ˶˵Ȼһ֣û뵽ǰλȻǳȵ۵ķޡ
ڵϣ˫ɺ쿴˵ʲôȴԼһ˵ûһ죬ĻᣬԲ
Գ鸴ӣ˵Щʲôɴ˿̷˵ֻһ̿ԭ˵һͷڷһ˿վ㡭
Ҳˣһҹû뵽Ȼۼνǲ𺳣ͬԷȴ뵽ԷǼҪ͵ֲ֪˵ʲô
ȴ״񲣬ͻȻ̧־Ծл죬û뵽Էô鸴ӵͬʱڳ׿ЩΪһĶԹ˵ˣɴͷβֻǳ͵ۡ
߬ų֣Ҳǰһֻ׼ų֣ʥŮûг¡
һ䣬ڰסʥŮȦײײܳùãҲʥŮǰȥĲҡ
һʼôʱҲǷŭģϾʥŮòʮʱģùΪһ֮˽ҪˣҲ̫ˣɸոտһĻˣ³ɵ¡
ﱻס˫ַֹˣ˿ӶԼĺӣɵ󿿽ȴֹͣ˶иһ˵Է
˫涣ʥŮĳûκεע⣬ôû˵ʲô
֪ʱڳó׼մҩĺ󾱡ԷʱԱ߿ˣû뵽ȴ˳ʥŮϡ
ʥŮ˿̵ģȻܴ̼󱯴֮³ʥŮʱӦȥκεĶֻôӦþͻһЩ
һε
һԵ׼ڿʥŮʱסˣȻû뵽ԼΪƿһУʵȴǱ׽
׼֪Լ񼫣ȻѾʧܣҲûŻȥȻˡͻȻӻóһѷذ׳ȥȻɱպÿο󶼻
еԼ͵͵ЦӶԷֻ˫Ŀȴžԥ˹ȥ
￴Ĵ㣬ôųûֻ׼ŵ˽ǰʱͻȻƾջһ˲һܵ׼˴ذһ˽ȥ
ͬʱͷϷһӣȫС
׼֮ȴǴЦذһת׼ԼҪԾɳպôֽţֽͬʱذ׵ڵϣ޷
׼ܵ̧žӸ¿󣺡°ܽܿܣΪʲôɱң
ĮɱǱ㡣ô£ڶûڹ𣿡
׼Ŵû˵ھվʱ̲ס̧ۿȥ֪һҲûлῴԷ
ޱ鿴׼ţԼЩЩֺ޹ûжԲ㣬Ϊһ֮˽Ϊ˱Ҫôʲôԩԩ౨ʱˣҪ֣һеֻǳ͵ۡ
ͳܺȴҲǼӺߣ˵ȴֿɺޡ
׼Ű˵ʲôȴ֪Ҫ˵ʲôոտģԼһ䣺ոտԼƻóѵһ̣ͻ
ûУⱲӴŶ޷ͻˣΪʧȥԼӵеĶ
׼ţԸЩ˳ɱҰɡ
û˵ǿ峤Ϊȡ¹ʦ֣峤ô䣿
峤ӵڶµģշ̫ˣ޷˼β̾ϢһϷǿǰɡ
ֻǵһͷһ飬ͬһųȻ˺
ڽⶾΪʥŮ֮ǰסҪⶾҪٵ׼
һ˯ֱ˯ʱʶģʱûӦƫͷͶһ˫ƵĵĴۣ޹
Сһһ˫ִڴأŬ̽СԴϳû뵽ÿԷˡ
ʱ۾󣬺ģģóһʱ侹Щ㱣֪ϦǺꡣ
ѽĸСһһ˷ֱܵQͷһ̲ס¶ѣ̫һĸǵ˵Сѽ
ţһʱĶˣŽСһһĻһĸ˲ǰһĻʱϢġ
СһһŵˣŬŽСȥһһһһܵʱͺ
ʱͿһĻҲŲʱҪˡ
ֻǵ˽ǰĸȴֲ֪Ҫôڣֻܽһһˣں峤̸ⶾ£¾͹
촽һ˵ʲôʱŲ̧пȥͿƹ˹̧ۿѾĳҲһܿ󲽳
ԭѾֹסᣬ̲סӿ˳öû˵һ֡
ʹ˿ĵĶԲͶԷ˵


125 

Сһһһ, ֿ˿ʥŮȥʱĸú̸̸, Ҵһһȳȥ
˵, ˵ʲô, һ˳ȥĿռǡ
ԴһηֿѾ˶ʮ꣬ЩʥŮ˺ܶ£ҲԲܶˡ
ĸҲģֻϧ֪ԷӦˡ
ʥŮɵĵطǹʦƫ, Ϊ, ʱûй¶, Ҳܶ˵, ˹ʦҲԼһ֪
ֻҪʦ˲˵ôʥŮĴھǸܡ
Сһһȥ, ſھļϻŬڳǰƫƣ˵ԽԽСԴʣĸΪʲôް
᣺ΪЩ˺ܶ°, Ϊ㺦ھû취ԭԼ
Сһһöʶûֻ˴ºͺ, СʱͰͣĸϵѽ, 
һСԴ, Ҳƫķֻǲ㣬ѹ¾ǴˣҪܵͷġ
СһһСԴ˼Сӣɷµͷһһˣǵһһֻܳһ⣬һһ̰Զʹʹ´ξͲҳ
Сһһôô
Сһһˣ¶СǵĸܵͷǾͻǸñ
ҲûӦкܶ໰ҪʥŮ˵ӵܽȥֲһ԰˵ġ
;ιСӳţ˯ˣƫһֱûʹСһһĵ
һֱҹŲסԺ˯ˣʱû
֪˶ãҪʱڻˣоˣ޵谵ֻԼһΣܿ齣˴űӴס˯ɡ
ЩƵԼ뵡±ܸоԼ˿̵״̬װˡ
ֻǱ֮Ҳ˯ˣʲôֲ֪ôڡ
νͷ󾱣Ὺ˿ڣҽպ˵˺ܶ໰
Ҳŵú᣺𣿡
ȶˣһʼʵҲǸӵģȴֲ֪ҪôˣȴûֻЩ̫Ĵ£ûɹվڳʥŮλãҲ֪ԼΡ
ȴȷǴˣΪһ֮˽ǣô޹ˡ
Ҳ˸ıô˵Ϊ͵к
֪ѾúܺˣⲻĴڶ˵ˣˣǾ취ֲԺʱ嵭һС
ø̸˺֮ܶ࣬ǰµĲࡣѲطҲƵģÿζܳɹЩҲֻԼ׼˻
ô̽ܽ䣬ϳ͵۵ʱ׷ɱܽ±¶ټó͵֪ԼĴڣʱѲֻܷ
ײʱүĻȣԷ֪ݣڳ˽լꡣʱѾ׼뿪뱨͵ۣƾһ֮첻
Ҫ辶֮ǰպõ֪ʺһ̥ʺѰǱߣպʱ˽լײ뵽ǳ͵۵Ĺ⣬һİ취
ʱû뵽ܽ׼žȻҲ׼󣬾ĻˣΪ˴ĿġԼЩû˽ϵ嶾ɣ׳Լ˺ϻڣƾԼò˳ķ⽫ɺ
⸮ĵչʱպûˣҪ˽סλʥŮҪһݻȨƣճ˷ҵĹ˹
ûþͳ˹ʹݱ¶Ϊڳ󹬼ϴȨҲûӰ쵽ĵλЩܿѰ˲Լ˱
ϵڲܽʱպûУֻʱû֪֮һﵮ²˱
¶ĸ˺ܶ࣬ԵʥŮѰʱ˵˱ǳʥŮĺӡ
Ϊ˱ҲΪ˽¶˱ϵȣС̫ӸպñˣҲ˵ʱҲһʼֻӣɺųΪ˲˱սֻΪϵλҲû˵ࡣ
ÿ˶ˣ¶û˷ıӻ˱Щô£ôʲôҲܲµõѭӦˬ
ѹĸʱʮط꣬ʥŮ²ܾôһ仰ˣԼʱҲܵ尾ֻպˡ
תû̧ͷȥ󣬽ͷסʲô㣿
󽫾ӵø̾Ϣһ˵Լһ֮˽ôˣûպʣ֮Ȼһ˹˳ϡ˱ԼԼ˵˳ĹԸ뿪ô彫Լѧ»塣ѳ壬»صʮԼЩѧ̻壬ֲ
뵽׼ţ׼š
ҡҡͷ峤˼Ǵ׼Ż壬ʮعȥЩƣΪǳիʮ֮꣬Ը뿪ǾͷߡĸǷ׼ŵģʱ׼ҪѰҲš˵ȥЩԹҪиǾͽ׼
鸴ӣʥŮȥЩδϹͻȻôʹ졭ǾöԲҲǲ
˱뵱ʵۣʵʥŮУΪ˫մѪ
ǲһģƶֻʢ̫ƽȴȥЩûĸ׵㼸ɱ
ЩΪ˲Լ౩¶ҲΪԼȥ
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Щ궼Ȩλȥ˴Щ飬ҲҪ취ס˳ƣԣһǷ߲ɡ
³һѾ˾ʲôʱ뿪𣿡
˵뿴ҽ˶ٴ֮󡭡˵ⱲӶԲңܿҴѾ㣬˵ұʵûⱲӣҲδĹջص壬ҲҲһֽѡ
֪˵ʲôοĻֽٲûвµ
׼ŵļƻĵóѣôǲҵġ
һߣ׼Ÿ֪峤ľԼĴöû˵ͷϷĹӴĹϣ·һƿڰãűۣá
峤Ҳ˿¶Էܾ˵£ϾԷƳʥŮ»Ŀ
׼Żۣ뿪ǰܼһ𣿡
峤δʺ뵽Է˿̵飬ͷƤ飬ܾǾӣɵʱһԡ
׼üͷһ壬ôã
ȻһߵܵǰӸ·׼ţʹ飬׼ҲãȻôˣ޴죬峤뿪ʱԶԶưһ档Ǵģúİɡ
׼ţ˻һôᡣ


126 

׼źͳʥŮ¾ܿ͵ⶾ졣
ⶾĹҲ˳, ֻ˻ѪʱҪռΣҲηҽ̽, Ҳû֪ôѪġ
ⶾ廹ҪһָĹ, ϵʱҩ, Ҫһѹ
һֱΪչ˵ԼҽţûۿۣһֱĲ¡
ڵڶʱʪӸ֡
ĺ棬ǰЩݵָ, ۵׶, Ҫһֻ, ͻȻһ, ֽ߬ס
ͬʱоһ, һ̻ûعѾ
عϲ̧ȥˣ
Ѿ˯죬˿ҩľҲˣ˵ֽŻЩڵĶ, ҲʹסΪ
Ծ԰һſͻȻ˱仯
ֱ˱ӵøգһۣǰİϤ, ðûع
žģ, ȴ̲סЦ, Ÿʱƣʶˣ
ҲǡǰϤΣʶɽԼƼģһģһ
žĶĪҲ뵽ɽ
ֻʱʶ壬˿ȴиܵˣһʱҲЩ⶯
ϣ֪ı仯һº߳ŭ㡭
˵վҪԷȥȴøҺò׽˶ǰкһһֱţôһڡ
ɫ糺죬ʲôȥԶԼСһһպöСһһ֪ʱվֻСְ˺ߣϾĿһͷһɶ˼
գҧһѣߵһæ˷ſίί
ŲæͿһһ̧ۣ۷Թһۣɴﻹŵʪһǡ
Ϊװ
ߵһ԰Сһһֱӷŵȥ
СһһҲ̲סQһ£ֱ˵ϸ׻ף
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鷳ֻ峤ͳʥŮһˡ
峤һȷҲɿûϷҲͷˡ
һҲ˹պĵλҲˡ
ϲ֮ʥŮҲҪһ壬Ŀ֮ʱܷ
Ȼ嵽׸ջѪҪȼʥŮֻ֮ʣһڡ
Сһһһ˴ţɴСһһŵԱߡ
Сһ·ˣҲö֮ǰ˵ŵǻãȥһ̶вס
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СһһǾ쵽ȤζɴԱˤһüС쵰ϸˤˣ϶ҡ
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ֻǰѹһҲûʲô׻ָûպá
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ȾųʳʱͿԼģίòУһæں塣
СһһѾòˣɵСӿԼҵʱίˣСԴһ
ʱֱͦˣӲŲӻͷŻ˫ĿЦһⶺأ桭
ҧ󣿡һգ۵ĹͰӸˣôôͣ
κСһһСԼҵĲϸţСָźóԵģԼҵһڽһڵι˷ֱðݡ
һߣڽɰͰͶСûûζ࣬ԹһۣͿСһ߰Ŵ챻ιһڣ۾СٿһԼұĵ¶Сóԣ
󣺡ġ
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̫һ֪Լ¶ˣϣ׼׵ˣиƷǵӡ
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һֱȾߵǰŷ﷭ӣ״ƲˣҪϲѾ׼ˣƫҪȥԣٸġ
磺ȥԡ
ӣУƫȥ԰ɡ
Ⱦɿһ߳ȥƵֻͷۣȷûŻߵƫϡ档
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ƵӳˮĵڽƫһԼҪԵϲ̧ƫȥ
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һǷŸֻȴüҪô
ʱͻȻǽһ£̧ۣȻ˹Ͳ
ֻǵȿһϲ£ͷһοôü۳ĵĿһʱƲߡ
һĻ۵ףǴЦ߹ȥźʵ񲻻ᴩ
عӦøƽʱࡣ
ȴѾסģǲ硭ҽ㣿
˿ٿ˿⸴ӵƷͨ˽һвԾأ


127 



ڶ첻ˬȥ糯, Ϊ˷ֹСӴžСӻû˯ѵʱһֱӴȥǵˡ
̫õԸٻ̤޵, һֱĵ, ĻϸսⶾָһԼҪðȥػǼأ
ڻ׼ʱ߳, ֻǵϸһ·ֻһС̫ӡ
̫һϣҪūŸţ
ãŻ˯СеСһһҲϧˣϤ㣬һ˯͸ˡ
̫Żϻﻰ˵С̫֣ĳҪˣѵҹʲô˲õĺûôˣ
̫Ȼʵ۵ȴҲ²ʥ, Ҳûٶԡ
ȻС̫Ӻܲ, Ǳ߽ǵϽеһʱ, Сһһ۽޶˶, ãȻֻۣǵһȴֲĻ, ҲƽʱϤĵһİĴ
ǶϿֻ̻ܿԻ͵ıڻ, ԶԶ
Сŵһ飬һԼһͷͿѹѹһȺˣװ, ñѵСһʱžԼҸʵ, պקԵһ, ˲٣Ͻžôק
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ҪȥͿʲôµµϷһ̨׽һ̨ף졣
˴ûס˳̧ͷȥ־ǻ·˶һ顣
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ǣСһһգգۣգһ£ƵĴתתȷˣͷٿһֻǵȿ޳ԽԽί
ӦԼҵĻʱӦѾϺóԵʱӦѾſʼ
ָʣʺûġȻͻȻί
ǽڴ󳼾ͿԼӢĻʵҲֽţͿһСһڴľս궿ˣǰСǿ˰
ҲίСôʱˣȻôסԼСӻǺоģܿ콫ʯСӻһ
СһһԽԽίͷһֻĺʯʱ˲ϿˣС죬Ǵ˸á
ֿһʯ
Сһһִۣ˸һá
ָϽһ
̫һԶҪſˣôŻϽϵʯһС̫ӵĻҲŵҪˡ
ڴ󳼽һĻ۵ףС̫С̫ӣ۾Ͳ
ýյ糯ǺԲģ뵽֮ǰСӿ޵ôңȵ鷿˲ʯƭСӣ˵֮ǰǿ£֪𣿡
Сһһʯϲ̵ģš
ڷˣȻǸʵĺ̡
ϱĳٴοڵĲᣬһֱ˯Ͳʰ׵˴˸λþȥ鷿
ߵ˴һ̤ȥһ̻ԼҸʸТСһһŤͷһԼҵʱȦһ죬ίͰ;һǻ
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ڶ췢ԼʯʧСһһգһۣĳŲԶԼҵĸʣСһƲ㶵Ŀ£Ŵ죬·һ̾ͻế
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СһһգգֻۣǵɾͲˡ
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ڱͻصĵʱ򣬾оԼĽŶԼˡ
ϵĳһڿһµ޵ԼߵСһһʱһɨա
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󿴵ģֻõ¿ԽԽңĿЩȣ˳Щ½󣬴˹ҲںȣϽڣʱ䵽˾빬ˡ
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ȻϿ뾰ĶҹȻҪǰɷ羰Сȸ˯ˡ
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Сһһŵ˵ͷ
ˣǸģӦСӺüЦġ
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̧۶õĿ⣺񰡣ϵſɳԺˣ
һףԺˣôˣ
ζЦЦǡûҳˡ

ĵһƬ컣ǰİٹҲǱˣǼϳŴԼõһƬ̲סźֶ˼
ΪýŴɣҲǳһ
񾰹ӳ׳˻ʺôϿ϶Ҳųˣôһʱ;Ǽϼһһôʷĺ°
ݺһֱº󼸸ϳٴαȵ鷿ϳֲʺҲڣҽҲڡ
ϳ֮󣬲Īõĳ͵ۣϣټϳ˹£
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󣺡ϢǻϢ
ϳһۣһ¿ˮܾ鷿ķΧе֣ҽôִɵɵһģȡϢɡ
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ϳ˺ð죺Ͼǳȵ۵ĺˣǵΪʲôô˵
Ǻܿˣʵٿʺ󣬻ȻԻǻἫԾΪƭǣ
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