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1 Խʱ


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4 
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5 ֵܽ
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ơѽһʾǣȻСӶǺܿɰģ߹ɰġ
߹۾ܵܣ˵𣿡
ѽĲˣ
߹˲俪ˡ
һϲֵĺӣϲһ棬ӹźһһģʽˣ
ͻȻðһƵǣһʱܲˣǵܸܵǻ׵ģ̬һ¾סˣϣֻܵԼ棺ܵܣǲͬ棬òã
û˵
ãΪʲôͬ棿ʡ
ǰͬ棡߹վ
ǰް߹һޣɱȻҪ
ҡ
ڲˣһ棬𣿡Ҳ߹Ҫ̫߹ˣҺ߹棬ڿ߹ôÿľŻĺȻͬ߹һˡ
߹ش𡸲СģǸոյ֣ܵ˵ܵҲϲģĲԼ㶼˵˲ԼԭȷʵԼǰˣ˵ܵϲҡ
ţϡ
㲻ܺܵܡ
Ҳһ档
Ǻðɡ߹ͷˡ
ϲʣԸҺ;ŵܵ𣿡
߹ͷԸ⡣ҵܵϲҡ
֪ŵܵܶˡ
ţ
ǾǺˡ
߹նصԣ
תۼλΧƿ
ŵܵ۾
ţǵġ߹
𣿡
У㿴
ۣа
ûмôСĺӣԽϲˡ
߹Ժ󣬾;Լжһ飬ָоرʵǵܵܵĹͣԽϲܵˡ
ܵƿλΪѣԼôһС飬ҲԼҲһ¶
ȴǾˣǾ߹ת䣬ǰһ̻һ̾ͺõĿԴһˣһжӾŻˣ̫˼ˡ
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ƽʱҲЩЧ
֪߹һֱûһˣû뵽Żܹ߹ϲһ棬Ǹĺӣֻǡȥͺþˣع档
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ĵȻ
ĸлл㡣
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Ӵ󰡡ƵС
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Цűһȥԡԡ֮˯ߣغ˵һЩС֮ġ
Ľζڶһ۾߾ſװ۵Сӡ
ţܵܣ߹һغ


6 ޾ı
ѽӦһ
ãܵú
߹ܵܡҺģӦýСŵܵܡ
ȻҲΪº̸࣬Ŀڵŵܵú
ţ߹͵ͷ
ŵܵܣ˰սƵ
С
ĵؿЦŵܵܣϲ㲻
߹ҲչܵܣҲ
ȻҲ㶺ֺǺǵġ
߹˹
߹Ťͷһ𻽣̡
ŻӲˣιһιȳȥһ棬һŻȥ棬𣿡
߹Ѿϰιʱرһ£ԾСֳȥˡ
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ЦЦƣƿѡ
Ƴ˸
űţḧ󱳣ʳ
ֱ
ЦǸܵġ
ơѽһ
ѽĸԻѽףƶ񳤴һЩɺͻʺЩƥԸƶѣܴˡ
ѽ
۵Сϣһ£ƶ벻봩ѡ
ѽ
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ЦŽˣʣǻ𣿡
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˵Ӧòˣϸ·٣ʮ⣬ҲһЩ̿ûߣūǰ߸˫ѥ͵õġ
ǲҪˣ
ǡ

൱ڶʮһ͵Ĺʸ⣬Ʒϡ黭Ŷߡ̿ˮĵȵȣɺ񷢷š
ɵȼ̶ܳȲͬŵ಻ͬ
һֱܳ裬һֱࡣ
ֻ벻Լ߶ȱˡ
һȥȡɡ
ǡ˵
˳ȥ
̾Ϣһ૵ϣ߰ɡ
ĵееģ
Сһô֪еģﻰ
Ҳµġ
һû߳ң߽Ժӡ
߹ˮױ߿㣬ȥһ
ûһϲ̵ػˣ
ߵǰΣ
һ㿴
ûпʲôӣ
ǡ
˾Ͱµķ˳ʮӣһ޲Ҷһߣһ辰һСˮһǣһ۽һ֬һҡ
µķ̾
ǣ
ôôܾࣿû쵽ķˡ
˵Ϊĸﰡ

ǣū澸ոȥʱ˾ˣ˵˾ǵķԣ˾һ٣˾Ǽ˷˼俪ġ
ˣΪӳ͸մ⣬Ǯŷӻһ¥
ƶĿʼ
Ĺ˷ֻϼĸ˶겻䣬ʱ򻹻һĪر۵
Ҳ֪˾ǻֺõóɣʧģҲûа취
ΨһðοǣӺãˡ
ҲĸԸźˡ
Ͻղ˵ķһЩϼҲˣϣ¡ۻ³
ȴ֪ⲻ¡۵ĶͣƵĹͣƾ߹߹һʶҷģʹ߹Ϊѣ˻ۡ
ͻȻ뵽˵ǸǣָСһǣǿССǣ
⣺ûޣı
Ƶĵ⣬˵ƵСȻ»ĺãŰŹ˰ѷŻѡ
ж
ߣǺ߽ˣȥ
ƴӦ
֮ǰ߹ˣʱصģڻô˾˾Ժ󲻻ٿ˿ĸķʱ÷ϼϵˣԺɵغ߹ˣˡ
߹ÿնϼеʱһΣеʱһΣһչʾӤĳɳǾȤˣΪƵһЩ仯˷ܲѡ
ܻܵᴵˣܵٴһٴһ
ŵܵתˣ
ְܵˣ
ŵܵܿˣ۰ŵܵܣ㲻Ҫˡ
̧ܻܵͷˣ
쿴ŵܵˣ
ܸܵ첲Ⱥôѽһһڵġ
ŵܻܵСԴˣѽѽÿѽ
ܷܵˣ
ŵܻܵᷭˣ
ܵܺѽ
ܵܳѽ
߹оɵĿ֣Խϲơ
ɺͻû뵽ģʱѾ߸ˣֵģģװ׵ģ۵ģٸƯĲ񻰣һ۶ﷺ
¡ûϼ
ҲһЩ˵ʵ۵ĳ谮ʵҲǺ͹ٳϵһǼҫ
ҲǰĸȡЩĻ˾Ǳ߰ʱЩϹ߲ˣֺóԡ
ϲľϣȻ޹ˮ
ϧĸֻһ
ѵ˵ˣ㲻ܳģġ
ĵȰ
ȻûƵﻰҲˣȣƶҲȰɣĸƶȥԡ
ĸֱԡߵСԺʱٸˬܶࡣ
һ̧ͷִ
̫̫ûпôÿڴУƺͷϣָ

ѾϿԷѽ֮һЩڡ
ͻȻ䣺Ͼ͵ˡ
Ʋؿ
۾ͻȻʪˣ绹ڷ
һֱ֪ڷƽ﹬ǻЩʳѡЬӵȵȹȥ
ʮûлˡ
Ӧ
Ҳ֪Ǳ߹ô

Ѿǵˡ

ңʱԡ
ǽ¹˸У̫ˣ̲ס͵˵һգһգͲײϱ߽սܡ
սܣʲôսܣ
һ˾
Ͳѡ项ñӿڷͷϣͲҹôõĿӣҲСС;ȥңҡ

ҡ
˸е˵š
ţõݡ
Ȼ
ܳ裬һֱڴŵһӵĳ֪һ߽ʹսܵϢĳΪǲ֮ˡ
¡˸
ٴγٴУûиƽĸǡϽ֮س졣
ȥǺģñʱȥãƫƫӺ곤Ķһͬȥá
һȥǰ࡭¡ĸһʱʧˡ
ûʱˢڸУȻ¡Ϊǡˣһμᶨӡӹ·ȷġ
ֻ裬׸磬Сḧա
ƣӵ޷Ƶĵز䣬Ʋס
һ̧ʵֱֱۣԼůѹһ䣺Сһ
ţ
Сһ
裬ѹ
СһѼһСһŪģ


7 Ģ
ᣬȻסƵС֡
ơһʾο
Ƶ˼ĵСһ
ǵǵģ
΢һ㡣
Ȼһ紵
̻ƵСӣƶеˣǽݰɡ
ƴӦ
Ʒ£ϴϵۡ
лǺŻ˼һ϶û˯ãλںšģһѡ
ڶ쾫㲻̫á
һۿ
Ҳѯʣǲ岻ʣ
ôˣʡ
˵ɫȥ̫ãҪҪ̫ҽ
ˡյ˯Ĳ̫á
˫Ҫƣūչ˾ŻӣЪϢЪϢɡ
ûϵæǵġ۰ƣûѺӽ߹ˣƳһ𣬷¶ΪʵڲУŻùǰæ
ֻջ֣ǡ
ƴѣιһЩĸ飬һЩʳ
ȴԵĲɡ
Ϳʼ˼ΰŪǻ˺ְܶ취ΪԼ̫С̫С޷ʵʩ
ƶһ
ƻ峺۾
𣿡ӡ
ûгԱء
Ҫ԰ʡ
ſС죺һͶιӡ
úúãԡЦιơ
ƳԱ˾ҪȥһߣҪȥһΧûʲôᣬ԰Ūǳ氡
ƵģʣƶҪȥ߰
ĵǵ裬ȥߣ㽡Ҳ
ãǳȥһߡ
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ʱں󹬸԰ȻЩεԶˬʱʱ˱ǣĿ
ʵϲ졣
Ҳ泩ࣺܶ治
ƼС
ʣƶҪ߿

ЦǾ͵һߡ

еţƶҲһЩء
վСԴ
ָŵ¼
ʶ
Ȼлˡ

ȻǣŴӣչСһĵظ·߻ݲݵƣ˵һЩϰԡ
ָһûĲѯʡ
ĸҲ֪ܳʵ
۾գ£رȡ
һЦƶĸȷʵ֪ºܴĸһиˣ֪֮٣ƶˣ࿪۽磬Խ̽ĸ
Ʊʾû⣬̣ĸ࿴硣
Сһס
ƿЦȻԶиOO@@졣
תͷȥĿ⴩ϡֲһŻڽµСǽǣæʲôվˡ
ӣ㣬ϸŪѡ˵
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֪ӽ꣬Ӵ£Ķӣǲ֪ʲôӵԸҲ֪ܲΪԼá
ͶӵСӰ
ǲʲôعʲôˣ
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ȥٻӣֻССһˣλݵκһӹǰմκԶԶ΢һ񣺡ϼˣӡ
ϼģ̺ġ
ǡӦ
ӵϼ󱾵֪пúϻ
Ȼסϼĺϻ
ɡӺͷ˵
лӡ
㻳ﱧʲôӿﱧһСӣʡ

ĶȥǶ
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ƿŭҷСǻ
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һ
ǰߣӴģ߹СޣӲߣСҲƵģ
ƾӸµؿӣûе¡۵ӰӣȴӹֺСֶա
Сֶһֱƣضӿһơ
ΪֲˣСŤһԣ
ӷҪһƣܵǰ
Ťһߣ㿴ס
ܵǰ
ƼŤһߣٸ㿴ס
ӼܵǰÿСӡ
С淳ˡ
Ʋӣƫƫǰȥ
ƿƿӣƳʲôȥһѲ֪Ģ
ĢǳɫģɫĢͷϵ׺ŷۺɫС㣬֪ʲôĢƾϱӿſ¼ƬľжϣһǶĢ
Ӻ͹ȴǲ֪ӡ
һӽ۾ͣһСľͻжŻ¸к˿ܻΣ
ȻϲӽӻǸӰҲûʲô캦Ļ£Ͳˡ
̫Сˣû취Լ˼ֻܸжǺԤ׵ץĢ
һ㶣ʵû뵽ŻӶô죬ôԵ
ҲƶץĢʲô
ƶ˵Ģڵϡ
Ӽʣʲô
ӣ
ٴץָƵŻӣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣǱողɵģҾʹ㣡
ĳˣҲͻϽƱҪԶӡ
˳ĢӵԶĲݴǰ
Ӽ񲻵ˣһתͷƣһŭͻȻƣҪ㣡
˸Ͻ§ƣԱȥææؽ͵ӣҪǵܵܵƤ㲻Ҫ⣬ϰĢ
Ƶǲ£ǻӣҲǻӣйڣ趼ܵ˺
ȻǱסӡ
ûа취ڹǻ໽УҪ㣡Ҫ㣡
һʱ֮䲻֪Ǻá
ưؿţĺ޲
ʲô飿ͻȻ֣ɡ
ţܵܣ߹Ͻƣơ
μɡ
ӵĹ˵֮˵ȡ֣ӵĢŴʹӷ
ƫƣ;С棬ʲô¶Ըŵɣȴ⺢ӹһ
ǾŻӰ
һδӵĢеѽ
ŻӲŶ󰡣
߰˸°ɡ
߰˸¾ô׵𣿡
ӺôǸ磬Żӻ᲻ˣ
ԣô̵İ
̫ûòˡ
ǸӰɡ
ָԺǸʲôӵġ
ǡ
ЩҴٴٵ˵ĶУȻ˵ʲôҲ֪ʲôû
ѾΪȥ˷ãľŻӲٱ˺
һҪȻʹĴг۾ۣ
ӣӣǷ׷׺
ɵȥ
ӲͣС۾ԽԽСѾһۣһЩҪץˡ
ҪӡɸϽ
סӣӵСְ
˺Ȼӵ۾׵һ滹Ǻ㣬Ģɡ棬еֲ
һ
ɵһ
Ǿ˵
߹Ҳˡ
ô¶


8 
ȻǶĢ
Ժܴ
ƿˣǷȴǡ˸ɶñȽ϶࣬²Ӧж
ж
ͷһ
Ǵʧɫ
߹֪ʲô˼
Ƕסˡ
һû뵽ᷢжһ¶Ҳ֪Ϊʲôᷢжһ¶
ɵǶʲôϽ̫ҽ
ǡСӸϽߡ
һСҪӻȥ
ɺס̫ҽ˵ж֮󣬲ƶ壬ӿ춾ɢ롣
СŵĻһѾ֪ôˡ
ۣҪ۾
ץסӡɷԸ
Сٴνץӵֻ֡
ӵֻĺӣŤӲСӵֻ໽ţۣſ
ӣһ̰ɡСӺµȫ
Ҳ⣬ǿ֪ͨȻһ𰲸ӡ
ӻ໽ţ۾ԽԽס
ݵһ˵
ɵ
ܲ˵س嵽Ӹǰ·Ѿ˵ж¶ǿͷӣŵ
ĸĸ۾Ѿ׵Ŀˡ
ĸڡ˫ֲӵ
ĸֻۣۺһ˲ίصؿĸ
һ̣һ̫ҽˡʹ
ء˳ӵ۷硣
޲ޡҪ§Ӱο¶ӣֻܿͷţתͷʣ̫ҽô
Ӧ·ˡɻһ䡣
ȥߣ
ˣ̫ҽˡСӵ
ɵ˸Ͻóͨ
̫ҽҩߵߣҪż˵Ҫˣ쿴ôˣ
ǣǡ̫ҽҩ䣬׵ǰ쿴
صؿţĸ
ôˣżʡ
ȷʵж̫ҽ
ʲô
̫ҽ񣺡ְʱûп֪ղʲô
˵ոʲôˣŭССӡ
Сסӵ˫֣ܶ
СȴѾڵأɫһƬһ״ε˵ոӡӣ͡ͺ;ŻĢ
;ŻĢ
Żӣ
ˣ
˶
֮⣬ɸղž;þŻΪ֣ʱ̫ҽ˵жȻȻΪʧ꣬¶ĵĲ
ҲǷϺ񣬷ΪµľϽ͵檺;ŻӾûкӡ
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ĵ£һͺˡ
ҧгݣ޲óȥ˺ˡ
ʲôĢ̫ҽץؼ㡣
תСӣɫʣʲôĢ
Сӻشʶܿ˿ŻڲݴеĢϽȥһѣݸ̫ҽĢ
̫ҽĿһ䡣
ʣ̫ҽΣ
Ķģ̫ҽʡ
ش𣡡ǳ⡣
ǽǡСӻָǽǡ
˭ģ
Ǽģɵġ
̫ҽϽӵ鿴Ƿʳã
ûССʵ˵ӻûʳãŻӾȥˣӵϣӼŻȥӵݴϣǵҪŻӣûд򵽣ͱˡ
̫ҽԸϽָӰ
Σʡ
˾ŻӰ̫ҽظ˵
Сһ㶡
֪ʲô˼
Լˡ
ɾӦ
ɾȣ鷴תˣ
߹š
̫ҽеһĢͣЩĢͨĢǶĢ
Եһ
ҽͷһֱȽϺĶĢʪĽ䣬С磬ÿִǶԼǿ̶ۣᷢװк㣬һڣͷ۸кʣ߻֮Σ
Ȼ
̫ҽ͵ھŻֹʳãֻմ˶أܣŻۣ򡭡
̫ҽû˵ȥȴ֪ûС򡹣Ͻʣƣ
̫ҽӺ׵۾ޡ
ޣ⡣
ûֶĢصģ۾Ӷûʲô󰭣ֻҪһޣϴˢһº״һְЩõҩձɻָֻǡ
ֻʲô
ֻƤģҪղָܻ
ûʲô⡣ЩϸڣֻҪû֮ͷĺܶ࣬תͷޡ
һ㶡
ްߴ١
ĸҡӱܡίͺµ໿ޣ̫ҽôһְ壬ûʲôÿ޵ģһ¾Ϳ޲ˡ
ްߡ
ĸҿ޲ʵʵ˵޲
޲ҲÿޡǾ¶
ҡ
ԣǿ޲ס
ĲˣȻ뵽ʲô޲ϱԷˡ
һۡһ޳ӺխС۷ＷˢƤ
һ
ҲԷġ
Ҳûôˡ
Ǿؿš
߹ĵöม
һӼסʱ˿̵ӡ
̫ҽ״صͷȻҩ䣬ͳҩ࣬ͽͣдһӣӣˡ
źͣĸ
޵ĺܺãϰʱš
šӦһ
̫ҽͺҩѵӣ𶯣ְһҩ
šվ塣
̫ҽľƬɫҩ࣬ȵͿӵƤܣʣӣʲôо
ģףˣҲˡӵ
Ǳˡ̫ҽҩ䣬ҶǸ֮ˣûʲô󰭣ɸ˸ְȥץҩӳգȬ
л̫ҽ
ˣǱְڵ¶
̫ҽҩ뿪
Ͻɹ˸̫ҽȥץҩ˰ӱȥſ
Щ¡
ˡ
΢΢һ
лŻӾһղűǹңˣԭ¡佫֮ȻûϹսǸԣȴԡ
֪Żӡʱŭɱˣִ;ŻֿޱϵصǸ
ˣŻֻɾӡ
ǲɣ֮
˵ʲô
תŻơ
ƿеĸмΪԼЩʲô飬һ뷨Ŭطһ׼֣磡磡
˵ʲôʡ
˵磡߹͡
ԡͣŵܵܺ硣
ý㣡
߹Ĵָ
иˡһЦ
磬硣Ƽ
佱
Էġ
֪û¶ˡ
û뵽ĸӷǵûкӣӣۣеľĽеľˣеĽ
ûô뷨ӣҴ˵仰صٻ
Ѿڴ˯ˣܺȥܶ࣬ǿȥԾ׵ġ
ߣĿתţ۵ӵԺвɵø̫ҽĻҪʳĢĻɵô˸顣
ûãûʳ
öлŻӡ
Żӣ
ŻôС϶֪ĢжģֻǵΪǸ磬ȥץӵĢҪˣؾӵ
ǺҲֻˡ
ẰʣҲẰĸƫƫẰ磬ӦƵ硹֣żסġ


9 
ǱĥƵġ硢硹
߻԰
ɿƵŻӣӣСǡ
ءһ
Ķˡ
һˣôˣɫð
ɶ򲻺˼ˣʵŵġ
оŻСڸǰʲô
˵ƶˡ뵽ӡ
ҲһЩ˵Ӳ飬ġ项ˡ
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ôʡ
ŻӸոҲ˶Ģ᲻᣿
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Ǿͺáת߹Ģ𣿡
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㱧һ·ˣҰɡ
У㡣ɰƽ
ӹƣҪҪһ
ЦƵСʱˣ»
Уߡ
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̾ƵĸȻ뵽һ·С첻ͣء磬磬硹ġ
˼Լʲô
һǡûʺټصϸ⡣
һ
ɶˡ
һ񣬱
ʺ˶ˣҲ˵˺ɹڷ桢ȵȣơ
ɶ˵Լ뷨
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ر£Ѿöˡ
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һֱӵѵôӣڿ˵ԼĿˣ£㿴ĶӺӣǲҲԻ
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ǻҪ¶
ϼܣ岻̫ãڳ㣬ӹˡĢһ¶
ȥϼƻ˵硹֣ƺӻŽʺ߻Ҫ

ȵˣ
û;ԼһƵɲˣȻˣ˳ƴٳɣǵӺܾ˰ɡ
ˡɽӻ
Կһۣ˲ױ˴һսϡ
Ҳû뵽ԼһҪӽӻģʱϲ
Ҳһ֪ҲƵİЭԼǰ£Ͻ֮ذհӣҲǶһֹͣطҲǿǵĳģҲϣ֮ʣԲ
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˶ڴԲ֪һģɶôģ˵ǣҲй֮ˣҲԲǾǻհɡ
ʺȡ
ϲʤ
ǺȻ뵽˵̶ܳȣˡ项ͷ˾ŻӣӻĻǸ˼ȴʲô֪Ժʯǰһһ׵ιƳԼ
ſСͣͶι
ιһڣƶó𣿡
óԣóԣ
ιķóˣ
ư۵СŴЦݣǵ˺ÿüۣʹذһ뼦ˣɽӦûж
Ǹı䲻¡۵뷨
ʼ˼һƻȻԶĽŲ
ûһɵĹϲɫܽҴһ񣬼صˣūӾͿԻˣ
žһӵסĹ˺ͻĹҲܹ˵¶
ƽһ

ֽ
֪ʲôæλѯ龭ӸλˣǳϼȻ߽ݡ
һأصؿˡ
֪̫ˣС֣ϸ׵棬ʶʲôĨһᣬ۾ʪƣƶҪˡ
Ӧ
Ҫˡ
ǵģǵģҪˣ
˷ܵ˵ĸ̫ˡ

ƶ㡭ĸлл㡣
ĸлл
ֿƲסؿһɾȡ˷ܡίƽϲã׼ӭòã
ð
ߣھȥ׼
һɨǰյ㯣ˣһ߱ƣһָŹ˸ɻ͸ɾϼ󣬼ֱҪˡ
Ÿŷӣ鷳׼ӰԵĲɫ
ַԸ˰Сʱóϴ
һ춼æӭӣ˷ܼˡ
Ҳ˯ţڶ͵ϼԺſ
ȵˣ߳ϼһֱ÷ߡ
ҪΪƣһ߳ʹ߽ӵġ
ôûг֣ǰ
Ҳſ
ֵ»᲻ͻȻԣ÷ˣ
ٵǲǳʲô¶ˣ
᲻·ʲôˣ
ⲽ
εеͷΣ̸첲Ҫ˱
Ҳûоܾƽˣⲽʱ;гʲô⡣
ĸȻһЩ


10 Ҳ㣨׽棩
ͬʱתͷ
һŻСӣСͦıֱվʮߡ
ˡ
ؿĳ࣬ٿʣͣҲ¡۵ǡôһ˵Ŀʣлӹÿ
׸磡
˵ػ
ĸͻȻСȣس
һ§ס㣬§ýģ֮󣬲ŷſСС첲Сֹ֣ס䣺ˣˡ
ĸްСָᡣ
ĸˣƲס
ĸޡ۾Ҳˡ
úúãĸޣˡ״ϽĨᣬʣȥ㸸𣿡
ˡͶӽ˹ȥ¡ۡ
һӲһʣô˵ģ
һЩõȻҺͶúùڡ¡Ҳûж˵ʲô߸
Ҳ¡۲˵ʲôãȻؼҡ
šͷ
С֣صϼ
һ±㲻ͣѯճʲôҪһʣֱֱʮӣڹ˵£ž糾ͣˮûȡ
ǻͷˣϽ㵹˱ˮǴԡ¡
ʱһ
ѽĸˡơ
֪ˡ
æԲסĸ̫ˡ
⣡⣡
С첲§ĲӣСգжʾԺӵĸ
ͷģߣʯȸ硣
ͬ⡣
ܿأˣѵ㣬ÿƵ˲һ
ܵܡƣƶ
ߵʯǰƿ
Ҳ㣬룬ÿ
ƶи硣
硢硣ѾȫӦκ߹Сﶼˣ溰СƨӸҲûʲô߳ܵġ
šӦһ
ԣǵСһ¡
۾ްһ¡
Ʋ׽ı仯
ȴûע⵽˵ƵһЩȤ¶
ţСûʲô顣
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ʣҪҪܵܣ
㱾ǲԸⱧƵģǿڴֻҪһ£ˣԥǰ§ơ
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ܵܳö㡣
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ĵָĵطȻƽˣ뿪ϼ̫ãϼӣСֹһϼ˵һЩСʱ¶
š
˱ƸŶˡ
ȤƷ˿Ц
תͷʣСһöЦ
ɿЦ
ĬؿһƣС죬ϼ󣬲Ÿոչ꣬˱ŵ¶ʣ˰ɣ
֪ԼԻϼʱ˵òˣûȥʲôͺͶӷɿܳá
ҲûоöĸһͶˣͷ
ĸȥȡţ㰮Եġ
ܿأϰ˸ɫСʳҩٻѡ֦ӡ⡢ˮ⡢峴˻зЩȷʵ㰮Եġ
԰ߴ١
ĸ̫ʢˡ
áЦ
˲Ӱɡ˼ҵĺ統ңϼӾ͹òãķԽԽ٣ʳԽԽ
ҲͲμӹʱԳԵúһЩؾ֪ڼּҵĵڹϵʳﶼˡ
ûöӵġ
ĸƭңͲ࣬־ͻ˸ӣ϶ûˣһ٣ԺʲôȻĸڰЩͻȥ
аѳʳͻŷ˵Ͻס㣬ǸǺ̫ӣĸˣںһ㡣õġ
㾪ȣĸӣ
ʹ͵ġ
ܡ֪¡۶ĸôĮ
㽫ƾ߹¶˵һ飬ĸڷãƽҲûʲôӦ꣬ܵҲ˶ӣĸ˲٣㲻ʲôԡ
ٴοƣС죬û˵
ư°ĸ߸ߵģĵûǱĹͣ
ûô࣬вˣ԰ɡ
ͶȻڷԳԵȥĳʳҲճԵͶһܲȵģҲ̫ʢˣĸǮʹϸˮ
֪֪ˣȺúóһԲ
šӣӵĸҲԡ
ֻڣͲͣظвˣƬ֮󣬶࣬һһ׵ιơ
ươ
ЦʣƶǸĸ԰
ơһ
ԡ

ֿһƣе㸴ӣȴʲôҲû˵ͷš
ĸţϼġ
߹棬ɫӣҿҲҴǻ
ſ߹Сˡ
߹ͷҶ˵ˡ
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㻹ǲ
硣

硣
ǲ
ƨɶУ
ˣ
Ҳˣ
㿴͹Сƫһԡ
ߣ
ܿ쵽ϣţɢ˲ԡ֮ڴϹȥ֪ʹԵķҪ˶øһ㣬Ҳһ㣬߸ߵӡ
ʱ߽ˡ
ԡˣʡ
šӦ
ȥܵˣϾͻĸµܵܣĸȥԡȻˮˡ
ߵߡ
ϸˤˡһ䡣
š
ԡҡ
㿴ϵơ
ԹԵعȥ㣬Ƹ߹ԼߣͻȻˣۿžҪ´ˣؽ
һѱסСȴֵ壬óذƹ˴齣΢΢ѵСĵ㡣
Ʋ顣
ֵ㲻СĻˤģˤ㡣
غԻ
Ȼ뵽ĸŶӵʱĸĴӣʱƳСŽ档
ܿġ
һֱƵĽ
ƻûнȥ˷ãȥٶ죬ٻƶôˡͺһİ˿սϼ󣬰ĸϺӣռĸԵԽûá
ܣҲѽܡ
һƳеʱüĿĸӣƺغǸŶƤغˣԶơһӻʲôĸϺʲôռĸֵ֤ܵٽ⣬ǣںܵܡ
Ʋ
㺰һܵܣûʲôźܵܡ
ưСƫһԡ
ǰһʣܵܣˣ


11 

ƷСڴϣԲĺ׶㡣
һ㶡
Сû飬ҲǽͶһ𵽷˶ʮĺѣ֪κСദֻվڴߣֹƵ´
ûһ˻
Ա߿ơ
ƿ˴ӡ
ƽ͵ܵܣΧģԡ
û˵꣬һתͷԲ׶㡣
һ
һ϶ڣĪؾõܵɰĸĵܵһһɰиԽŨء
ԡϣһˣҲ˯ˡ
ദһѾˣܺĸ˯һˡ
ţĸռ
ռ㿴һƲ뿪
ˬˣСӾǷʰֵĸĻر۾ڶһ۾Ϳ㿡ʵӡ
ܵܡ㺰
ƼԼء
ôѽƶô磿ʡ
ưһ¡
ҲֻǺ㲻Ϥƣ߸ƴѣ˵ôڴƵĳȣȻһţ㿪ʼΪ׼
㶼ѡƷȵȣ㻹û꣬ʱĸƶһ
šͷ
ȵԺһ棬ĸҲҪѡѡ
ţĸúѡ
Цŵͷƽˡ
˴ϻ£ó߶ˣ
ҲС
ƽʱһ߸Ȥӣһ߿죬ʵǲôغԼߣҲװˣǰߣཱུСû˿顣
ܵܣ㲻ϲ𣿡ʡ
ϲ
ͻȻ֮䲻֪ôӦˣګګʣôأ
ưͷϻǲ㡣
ưͷϻͻȻ뵽ʲôܵܣߡ
ƺʲô
ֻȻת˽һ䡣
ʱһ˻ﱧһ˻ﱧŴ
ܵϻ£ģָš

㰺Դָźϻϵϡ
̲³Ҫͯǧ
Ȼָ£˺ܿʹ˿ɰǧ
ܵܣ
ȥһ£̸ֻ첲
ܵзӦˣ˵òˣʣҪ籧𣿡

ã籧㡣

ǰһƣǺóסߵǧǰ˷סƵСذƷ˽ȥ
ܵܣม
Ӧһ
СץŴ
ƺȻ뵽ϱӹ¶ԺҲһǧֻα㻵ˣѧûǧ
ɼǵ΢ķظգһڴȻĸо˵ʺ⡣
ʹʱ˿̵ĸоһģһĵϲá
ܵܣϲ𣿡ʡ
ơػӦ
ֵϲ
ϲرϲ
ǵܻܵ𣿡
ˡ
ƱҲһ㣬ѾҪô䲻ҪôŲҪôųˡ
ǺܻˣƢģ
㲻˲˲ųˣԭ¸ˡ
Ĳˣȷһ顣
ţ硢硣ƺ
ˣ
˵ǳһһǲ֪Ĳˣ磬档

ò˵ǸϸļõĺúӣһֱȫˤſƵΣա
ưȵţԽĺõòˡ
߹ˡ
һۿ㣬ȥģǿװ۵Сƣʱ̺СèһɰĶҪˣ̲ס˽
ŵܵܡ
ܵܡ߹Ҳ
̻ͷ˸߲ҵġ
ӵؿһۡ
߹Ҳһб
߹С֡
ŵܵܣʲôѽʡ

߹ʣܵܣҲ𣿡
Ϊ߽㣬ĸһضİ
Ƴ幬̸ֻ첲
˰Ʊ˳
ָ磬磡
߹㶼Ƶ˼
ԳʼûнӴ
߹ӡһǿǲǣеãã𣿡
߹ͬʱ㣬û뵽ôºͣĿ־ͻȻ룬صͷ롣
һֱڻӹȦ⵽ܾ㣬ξȻõ϶ˣûʲôӦð˿˿Ƶϲãлƣ߹ʣ˭
С
߹㣬һ£øม
ͷ
߹Ȼ
߹ﶼзǳǧҲǧСӾǺأϰһһ۵ǧִĲǧҲüĿ㣬͸Ŀ֡
ܵܣˣ߹ĵ
С֡
߹ӿˣ磬Ƹһ㡣
磿
ƺͷһůİƸˡ
߹ЦҲˣ߹߹ƣҲۡ
ûһ߹ͺһƬ
ᶨϼţԸؼңһǰСľ顣
Сľڶʮһ͵ĻľĸŶˣƬ̺ſ˯ˣ˯ĺ˵ġ
Ƹͷ߹ŵӡ
͹Ǽ״ҡͷʧЦȱƷŵϣȻ˱߹Ա㣬ŵ˯š
۾ʱſڴ߿
ܵܣˣʡ
ƿеĹΪ߹飬Բôĵġ
ô죬Ҳֻĺӣǿͬ˵ġ
𣿡ʡ
ˡ
ҪżĸϾ͹ιˡ
ƴ˸
ƶ˹
Ƹ˵س첲
ЦŰƱι˸ʳ֮󣬱㿪ʼ׼¶ĸѾ׼׵Źʵ߳ϼ󣬳԰ȥ
Ÿոյſڣ˻ɡ
ŵܵܣ硣
ܵܣ硣߹ֻСһ
ŵܵܣ㴩ÿ佱ơ
Ʊʾۡ
߹ܵСŮ·
ƣ
˶Ц
߽ǻ˵
УСУ
ƾ߽һӣתͷ𴦣һ¿ֵӣӵѾףǵСץ۵ǻڡ
ⲻص㡣
صֵһĽؿߡ
ʱ򣬶ڳ˵Ⱥһϸĵģһж׵͵


12 һ
ʲô׵
Ϊʲô
ʲô˼
Ҫݺ
˲侯Ͻܣȴûз˵ˡ
ƶʲôأʡ
գº۾
һЦǲǾְ
ƻӦһ¡
һ֣гģ̻Ӽζȣһ߳±һ¡̡
Ŷ
ְɣЦʡ
֡
ͻᰡƵС
ƿһЦ
ߣǰ
Աߡ
߹ĸǶֹƺ㣬ֻСһͣߴߴȴǲܸŵز׽ؾǸϸ
ƶȵˮɡһæµӡ
ŵܵܣӰݹһӡ
߹ܵܿϺöóԵġ
ŷѾ˺ܶˮ
˻ڲϵֳʳ
áϸͻȻ֡
̧һݵĹˣˮ
һ¡סˡ
˵
һϣûǰˮƫһУʵˮ
Ǳ͵ġȻһӵ֡
һתͷȥֵӣ˿֣һץۣȻֱͦ壬ΪȲصȥɡ
ϸĹ뿪
͵ЩˮǱĸѡ͸˺;Żʵõġ
лʹͣлġ
СС⣬˲ؿɺ㣬תͷ㣬߹Ŀϡ
һ
ΪҪء
ԭӼƻˮšӡ
Էĵˡ
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û˺˵ӹһ
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ʵӻкηԸ
ܿ˿ָŸǰҲҪ

Ƶȣ
˰ӸӡӲԼˡ
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Ҫ㣬ұ߹
룬б󷽣ƽ㡣

Ƶ˽ͷӶ˵̨ϵ¶
ӺУûһѺóԡ
Ƶˣ
ӽŵ˱ûеģǱĸġ
ƵˣֻбĸС
߹ʵ̲ȥˣŤͷ˵ĸҲеġ
ĸǻĸһȻҲܵõѡ
˺Լ˵ˣ˾񣺡ô
㣬ȥá߹
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Сͣ˵ʲôֲ֪˵ʲô
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Ҳժһѣȥʮֿŵ˵ۣ𣡡
ǲû˸͡
ץ⣬ĿϣŻʵô·ô·أ˵顣
߹һͷɵһӡ
ڸ߸ߵĵϣԼܵĿˣĵػεյСȣһ·
ǺŵܻܵСȻ·
ӵҲСҶ·ˣߺԶ
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ţӺܽӡ
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϶һȣ֪ӸղźһΪ̻ƣߺӼÿ
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һ˯Ĳãʱʱ𴲣ӿһ˯㣬ʮֵ᲻á
ڶϣʱͿϸûдŶĸദؿš
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ĸģ֪ġȥǶҲйչ˵ġǴһȥõġ
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ţ֪
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š
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š
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Ҳĸ
С֣˵ĸû£ô࣬ĸҪһһͲᡪ
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ѹˡ
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ûôҲûô˫۾Ըɸɵӡֺʦֵѧϰ֪ʶ
Ĳġ
ܵ΢һ㣬ԷˣٰӻػʱԼΪ˴µķʽԴԸֲڻҲҷԴ
ԣ裬ѹ
ǻԽԽõģ
Ƶһ㣬Цŵͷš
ĸҲҪעӡ
֪
㿪ʼ
ţˡ
һĸ˵˵ܾܵ߹ӵ¶õֻܵ˶ѡ
ΪĻҪչ˵ܵչĸƵС˵Լ룺ܵܣҪԹԵģóԵģġֻҪܵĸúõľˡ
硣Ǻø硣
Ц
ܵá
Ȼˣ
磬ȥѧϰɣ
ĸˣ
ްѡɽˣ
Nɪˡ
ȴ֪¶ģԺһҪгϢҪܵܺĸõᶨؿĸܵܣĸܵܣҡˡ
ĸ㡣
ҲҪ͡
˺Զűƻʵ̫ѹˣֱ޷Ƶĵزʱƽ˴һתһ±˵
˱Ժ߶
߹ıؽˡ
ܵܣ硣߹
Ĵ˿ƣûп㣬ʣأ
˻ش𣺡һˡ
߹һ𾪣ˣȥĶˣ
˻ش𣺡ȥˡ
ȥ˾ǲ֪ʲôܻˣʧ˵ûиˡ
߹ŵҲûиˡ
ǵĸ磡ӵȻ֡


13 Ǯ
߹һӡ
ɻϵץʧˡ
߹Сʣʲô
ӻص档
߹ֱ˵صǲ档
ͷͣԣ
ֱֱӡ
һ㶡
ǰǸĻĹܣĻĹ̫ѧϿΣûʱͬˣҲ˼ȥѧϰˡ
ںһȦȥҲûҵȤĻӹﶺèֲöֲﶼ
ƣʼֵĺܲ죬ڴϺüգĸ˵ŵܾܵ
ǸмģһһСӤѡ
ֿ߹ӶΧƿֵˣĽĲˣˡ
һδεؿǣȴһδεؾܾ
ʣΪʲôǲͬ棿
߹Ϊǻˣ
ΪԼ⣺Ǻˣ
ǻˣ
Ǻˣ
㶼Ҫ޵ܵˣ㲻ǻʲô
ĢգԼȷʵҪƣԭģϽ͵գŵܵĢҲҪûдĸ˵ŵܾܵңȻҾˣҵøлŵܵܣ;ŵܵģûд
ֶСָָơ
Ʊ뿴ϷģӶߵˣǵû۵ĺӣͰæһ°ɣǵͷ
ŵܵ˵ûдӵ
Ҳ˵ûдƣ߹һֱţӵӺƶ˵ûдˣҲˡ
߹ǲˣҪ
ҡҡԺ󶼲Ҫ˰ӷġ
Ժʹ򲻹ŵܵˣ
߹ؿ
ſ߹ֹŵܵܳͱˡ
߹̵ͷܵģ϶򲻹ģ
ţҴŵܵܣһ
ԣ
վֱС塣
߹Ҳûʲôǵˣãˡ
ӿĵ˵һɡ
߹ûӦ
ҲЩԥ
ΪĬˣ˶ʣããŵܵܣʲôأ
߹ûнӻ
Ҳ֪ʲô
ӻܣϻµʣʲô
ǧش
ӵĸݸ߹󣬷Ҳ࣬ʱʱ͵ӸȱӣԴöȶǼõġ
ûмôصǧ
ġ
ۣѽǧǣҳġ˵Ӿ͸˵سǧȥ
ҲǸ˹ͷûƽסģƽؾ˸ֱˤſǧǰѽһ
߹һ㶡
һ
ǸϽӣûˤţ۲ۣ
û£û¶վͷˡ
˿ӱͱҵϣմ˸ֲмǱèġ
Ц
ûס꡹Ц
߹С͵Ц
ӲһһѲмһһѲм˵ѽϳˡ
ͷҲУѡ
°ҲУ߹ŵ
𣿡Сֺ
ص㣬λǰժϵĲм
Ա߿š
̾СãղһŵӣھͿԻæ
ˣ߹
ӵûвˡ
Сѽûˡ
߹Сüͷ
ãôˣʡ
ô󣡡߹˵ôֱӡ
Եö࣡Եö࣬ʹˣΪԼ⣺٣Ͳˣ
ӣϵĲмûˣҪϴ˵
ӵͷ
˴ϼϴӻܹ
Ϊղһժм˷һս꣬߹ҲûôһۣһſƵ֡
߹ܵܣǺһ棬𣿡
䣺͵ͷ
ǿɰĺӡ
﷢Цͷš
߹תͷӣԺҵܵܺ𣿡
ᣡն˵
ãһɡ
˾ǰӣȻһߴߴ˵߹Ҳ磬硹غˣӺرˡ
ҪȥͿҩ
ֱӾܾȥ
˵ѾͿҩʱٲͿ
ӿϣҩأ
ղŵϴʱѾùˡ
ȥãҪ󱾵档
˲ѣϽܻȥҩܿظͿϣӻ浽ӽ磬Ҫϼš
ţ
ʣΪΣ
߹ܵܺģ
ˇһ¡
ƺգϸһ£˶Աȣȷʵġ
ʧһ£ʲô
ӻǣôܳԣѷԹˣŵܾܵûжˡ
߹ͷ
ãҾͲˡ
ӺС֣ʹŸԵĹ뿪
ϼһ°Сָڡ
˰̾ŻǴСС;ͻָˣǱ߽ڡ
˸еظľѡ
ƺһ
ӹƣԹ˵ȥɡ
뿪
ƣ˵СĵεΡ
֪ʱҪͷһУƱţһֱʱ䣬ͣ
óһȷʵöˡ
Ҳĺܶ࣬ԹԵسţʼ˯һںϻʯǰ
߹ͱˡ
û𣿡ʡ
ûءЦ
ܵܿ߹
ˣӵ
Ƶȥ
ֻӱһ̣۵Ŀ߽
ʲôѽ߹ʡ
Ӱ̷ŵʯϣĨһѶͷϵϸϸܵĺˮȻ󡸻һƿһŹâӺȻ֡
ۣ߹һ̾öӰ
ƳԾѡ
ֱһʣӣʲô
Ӻ˵ŵܵܣ
Ϊʲôŵܵܣ⡣
ú˵ŵܵܺӸˣͲˡΪԼΪ⡣
ŵĲˣôʹã
ӵĹˣô
˸֪ӱӣ׷׵ū澲֪
Ͻ΢һװƣӣֱȥȫ֪ӣҲûаʾӣ
֪Це˵
ؿ
Լӡ
ȡ
Ҳ̾СֶôǮ


14 
ôӣ߹ʡ
ĸ游һЩѹӡûȷʵѹӣ
ɣ˵ѹӣǶšӲ졣
߹ʣѹӲǶҪĸ𣿡
԰ͷҵѹӶǸĸģ
߹ӻҲǣ
͡һԭκӹѹǮҲϽġ
ЦŵǰǻС֪ʹӣĸǰǴţǳ㣬ٸǣ̫ϲˣ͸һ֡
һ֡
СССһ֡
ǵ̫ˡ
߹æصͷͣööడ
˵öԣպ󱾹ٸЩЦе
Уĸ
˵̫ˣɲĸ˵ม֪Ϊ˺棬ɷ˲پ߹ѹӡ
Ȼ
ӿ˿߹ʵˡ
ûмô˳ӣԽȥϼȷ飬ضѺãˣ°ɡ
ʹáߣֹʱҲûнӴӣʱǴӼЩӡ
ûó㲻֮¶
Ӱ壬Ҳͺϵ
ϵĲĵĲࡣ
ͨ߹ӵģŵ¡۵ĽͺķһЩӣҲһЩѣԶûӵѹӶ࣬ôܽһӵôӡ
ǸģӸŻӵġ
ŻҲǲҪġ
ô֪ŻӲҪģЦʡ
СòЩӡ
Ļ磬ת˵˵ŻѾҡͷͷˣ
ǡ
ǾþŻҪҪΣ
ơ
ֱӻŻӡ
תСװ۵ģһ˫۾峺棬˲
һֱִҲ̲סƵƶҪ͸㣬ҪҪѽ
գ۾
Ӵ
⺢۾̫ÿˣ
ĶҪˣ
ص˵ͷƵͷ͸Сһ
ҡҡСԴ
ʣƶҪ
Ƶ˵СԴ
⡢⺢˵档
ĸŵܵرģӵ
ԣرر߹һ𸽺͡
߹ˡ
ǫˣŻӲҺÿϲȻԸҪӵӣǱġ
Ͻ⡪
һڣҲĸҲ̫Ե˰ɡ
æû˼
ʲô˼
֪ܹҲİæѾԳĸ˺ܺˣҾŻ̫Сܲ𡭡
ôֺܲΪѣֵκʹͺл񡣡˱˽ӡ塢ʳĺҩĵȡ
Щɱӵӹء
پܾԽ飬ֻ¡
֡
֪Լ˺øУ󱧱
˲ĶһȪæƣԹԵһţûмô˰Сӣ¾Ͳˡ
߹ĸһš
ӵһֱܲһ棬ӣжûΪѡ
ǿΪ߹ˣȰ˵ʳãӾȻˡ
ͻȻʵǸŮˣǿԴһģ±
ȵ뿪ĹʱԼĹϵһ߹Ҳ⡣
ӿĵ˵ĸ;ŵܵĸǺˡ
ĸҲ;ŵܵĸǺˡ
߹ĸǵһ͵ܵĸǺѵģʱʱϼȻ󿴵
ãأ߹
߹æ￴һãȻѽأ
ء
߹һ˵ԼƳʱΣһ·񼸰ֻһߴߴ˵ͣȻʼ·
һؿš
ƴŹǷ˯
ȻһġӴ
ɫһ
һ¾ˣתͷɡ
װǳȴһأĽűͣһͷӴӴ˭򰡣
ġ߹
ÿɵ
л佱ں֮Уӹƽģһ㶼ǻ߻񣬲óĻӹǸڶԷ߹ҲͿͷ˵˸л
ֺõЦ˵ʵ
߹ӻˣǰ
̧Զ
񣺡μ
ֵܹ˵ĸ񰡡
ͷ
ɡɵ
л
ȥĶ˰
ȥٻ
ǰƣֿȻǵһʱεĵó裬Լεı΢εѹ
ʧˣȻǹˣɡ
ֳˡ
е㲻ŶǶ
ǡ
˵ߵúܽ
ˣճ
ǵǶһ
΢΢񣬾ܾл⣬Żȥ
ñλ̫ͣɣ
檡
תߡ
Ѹš
߹վԭش˴
Сס
ͷ
߹Сһ
֣
Ȼðֵֹ뷨Լ飬ɷʣãã᲻˺;ŵܵܣ
߹һתͷӡ
Ӽصǿģ˵ǳ˵ģֵʱ򣬳ϺӳϻԺööҰޣֱˣͻ˵ģ
߹Сһ
ǱǺ˵˵ӵڳˣûγɼᶨֵ۵ܵ˼ܿ;ӵĻе˿˿Ƶĺ£һʣô죿
԰ô죿СãȻ
ô죿ô˺;ŵܵܰʡ
ĸ߹ᶨ˵
ҵĹǣһͷԣĸ
ȥĸ߹
ĸӵ
Ҳȥĸ
߹ãһ𣡡
ͷţ
뷨һӲԼͬתĸĹȥܱߺҪ


15 뵽ʮ
Ŀ࣬һŸ׷ȥ
Ѿ˷Ƶ
ʩʩȻλϡ
æϲ衣
еض룬Ÿոһڣ项һˤϣƿڱǴصĶϵʲô裿
巢ȵĶͥݴ
˭㱾հȶͥݴ
ūū澡˻ش
ȥ
ǡ
˸Ͻ¡
ɿЦ˰ɫͲ֪ԼＸˡ
֪ɲĳ幬˷ѣƿģֻһССĹˣǲɣͷ˵ǡ
˵δ˰ɵ
ƽշæ檡
æش
ֻһ
ɻ˸ˣеز쿴ԼָףûҲû˼
Ҳ˵ʲô
һ·ƣֻ첲Ѿᡣ
Ʋ࣬Ҳ֪Ҳ硣
ñ裡
ʱԶԶĽŲ
֪˭ˣ̧һۼɣһƣʼŤС壬İɺ۴ޡ
ƶ޲ޡ
ƼŤ
һۣ룬ĸ
ݵ߹ݵϸ
еģޡ
ļغš
ʱʲô˺ݵݵݵӼݵ
ôˣ
ʲô
֪ͷ

Ϊ˾ŻӶ
ǵģ
Ż˹ʺˣ߹ӣ˵ۣʹ˲ٺþá
ֻû뵽˻ôӾŻӡ
Ｋ䲻ˬٲˬҲˣϽ첽ߵǰģʣŻôˣ
Ҳ֪ôޣż
˵Ҫơ
ƷĿ
ɣʲô߹󺰡
סڣ
ҾŵܵܣӸź
ɶһ١
߹ܽһƿɣż⣬һƵСССС塣
ܵ𣿡߹ʡ
ûСûп˺ۡ
ӡ𣿡ʡ
߹Сһ
˵˵ҧӡѪҲ֡
߹Ͻּһ顣
ӵûС
߹һͷ
һʶŵܵڿޣϽο
ɲ֪һ˿߽æ
˱ڸԹæµԼҺ˵ʲôҪˡһ
ϸϸѯʲ֪ҪΪ
̷ͷ¶һƵߡ
û뵽һƵƵĿǶϲÿɰֹɵСӣ¾۲ѡ
û˵߹ӾͳȥһٺǳɣȻ鿴ƣñ˶ãǸеοͬʱƵ
ӼʣŻˣ
Ҫ
ʲôʱ˻񣬾Żôˣ
һ²ˣ涵ؿ
ۼˣϽơ
ɻ״Ҳ鿴
ɸҪ
һ䣺˭ģ
ɸϽ
˴߹һ𰲸ƣ̫ҽȷֻûʲô⣬Ҷģתɡ
Ѿһӣȫᡣ
ɡƵ
лֱӣ²վȡ
˵ɣ˺£
ֻɡ
Ϊβ˴
檡
ŻӿֲֹΪ޶ԣ
檸ղҪһŻӡ
ҽƱ磡һӡ
ŵһ
Ҳһ£佫֮Ƣ治һ㣬ֲ̬ôãġ
ϽοŻӲ¡
Ȼ£СԴͷԹɵġ
ᣬ˲ġ
ɻ˶Ľ
檡ɻҪ͡
ϵɣָŵ
һ㶡
ǡ
ˤġ
Ҳⲻʰ
úõسһίûʽأ߹ɻһһҪԵӣӲסж
ɣ֪ŻǴκĻӣͻȻڡ
ͷһ
ٲ㣬ŻҲǱµ׶ӣ¶еռҳе𣿡˵ҲģֱҪ
ɫһ°ˡ
ǸѵΪ֮ɣ뿪
˸ϡ
ԭãͻȻ˫һڵϣոպ˸ոˤĲϣ۵ļС
ƵĶУ
Ƶ˺ܿ쵽ϼһһлɡӡ߹
˶֪Ƶľ֮Ǿţһë˲ؿԺҪұ
ұҲԡ
ɵҲС
жˣ빬꣬벻֮ˡ
ұУ߹ͻȻӻ
ұܵÿ죡ܿĸ
Ҳܵÿ죡ӵ
߹һô֣ܲ죡
ӵӰ
ҲӰ߹Դ
һһر
˶Цˡ
һǸһ䡣
¶ȴʾһֱΪܳвܳĺô԰ȵعӡ
ˣӡ
ͷϡ项ñժλݻûĸǾͳ˻˵ждˣ
þ쳤󣬿˵·ԽѾͿԿԼˣţԼ̣Լ⣬˶˯߹ÿƣǿ˯ڳԶǿ㵸ȵ໽С
תۼ䶬ڡԪȥˡ
˵İÿסգҲûٵҡ
ƽƽعץܣʼѧ·
߹Ӷ˷ܵĲˣÿһܹƵСϼ԰·ȥ
еʱ߹ˣ·еʱˣ߹ƵС·
ӻû߹ĵ԰ߡ
ܹ
߹˵磬ˣ
ӱͲˣֲܽ·ӲˣһƨԱߵʯϡ
Ʒӽղ̫Ծڻ̺˵ˣ磬ô
ӿ̾Ϣһ
߹룺磬ôˣ
磬˵
üͷҪ̫ѧˣ
߹Ǿͽ
šüͷ̫ѧÿնҪģͲܺһˡ
ʣ㲻ÿն𣿡
߹԰˵˵ġ
ӽͣÿǿ飬顣
߹ףʲôһ
鿴ǻ֣
߹ƣôһֶʶ
һ³ʮꡣһ㽡
ΪΣ߹ʡ
ʮͿ飬
߹ƣ㺢ҡ
ӷĶҪޡ
ȻԶӵĿ
ĸͬʱһ


16 
ڿޣͻȻ˾
ǸСӡÿ۾
߹Сܲ鿴
ڳ˵ֱָ򣺡Ƕ
˿ȥ
԰ӽ䴦һֲ϶䣬ԼԼһСӰ
ѽأС
ȥ߹ء
ãȥɣžŵܵ֡ӵ
߹³ӵ˼СѸ˻ȥˡͲҵܵ֡
ӣ
ƻ߹С֣һһѾ
ȥ
߹һ¾ܾԶԶظţҲǡ
ֻôӦĵè󣬾ܣӹΣա
˰ƵĲǰߡ
ΪᾪеСӣСһֱصؿţûзǵĿ
ߵֲǰڿһŹװСӣңССģǽǣﱧһֻɫè䣬СԴš
è߹ͻȻڡ
Сŵһ̧ˮС
˵ܵܣ߹ϳСӡ
ǰ˻ӣ
ϼ˻ӼΣ֪Ķӣƽʱô˵ҲԸ˽ӡ
˻§èϽվ
վе㼱Сӻһ¡
è͵͵ءһ
û߹ϲ
˻ӿڳݲػصС
߹ʣʲô
˻ӿ߹ֿƵˣϤĻӹػصĸҪ;ʹֹ
߹èȻССģֵģرɰʣΪʲô
˻ӣĸϡ
Ϊʲôϲ߹ʮΪʲôƵġ
ΪҴ磡˻ʱش˸磬СӣͷѾ졣
߹Ӳԭ򣬿֪˻Ƕèë
߹˽ͣè
ܵܣ˵˵ܵè𣿡߹ͷʡ
Ƶͷ߽㣬˲˼
߹ת˻ӣҵܵ˵öԲԣ
˻ӵͷ
߹Ĵָܵܣ
ƿһЦ
ͱ˰Ӷ԰˻ӵ
ͣ԰ܵġ
ϵϡèè˻ġ
ϲСè䣬ʲôСè䶼ϲ
һĸ˵èߣͺĸ֮͵͵رèҳߣҲ֪ȥĶ԰ǽǣίؿˡ
ϲèèҲаѽ߹
ͷǻ˵ģ
߹ֵ㶼ˣ㻹ôϲèè
ӵˣĸҲģ
߹䣺Ȼûèèˣ
ּһ䣺èèҲˡ
һصݽ
˻Ǿί˺ȫĻ棬ȻĪĿ־壬һʱŽ⡣
ǶߵƵģર䣬ݵСһһġ
߹ѽֿˡ
ǣ
һʱ䶼֪Ǻˡ
һֳ˳˻ӵӡ
˻ʵصͷơ
Ƴطè
˻û
߹룺ҵܵ˵èè
Ƶͷ
߹룺ҵܵ˵èԹ
ãĻèͲᱻͳÿ쵽ϼèèˡͬص
ͷԡ
˻ӵͷԼèèԼĸͬģŵܵĻÿ쿴áȫ⡹ˡ
ССȨһףֹסصͷ
Ӧˣ߹ʡ
š˻ӵӦ
ã߰ɡӵ
ĸһߵϼ
ϼԺѣ˻ˣŰ˻ӣ˻ӻﻹһֻèè
һæǰѯԭ
˵š
ǲš
Ū龭ˡ
ҲԸè°˻ӵĸԸ⣬ɹȥںͻʺ󡢻飬»
˱Ѱ˻ӵˡ
˿˻ӵ˲䣬Ķˣ뿪ʱ⽻ǿð˻ӡ
֪һת۰˻ӾͲˡ
ǿˡ
ҪϼĹ˼ʱ֣Ҫлˣǧл׼˻ӻȥ
˻ӲԸȥ
ٻȥɡ
Ҳǿ˻ӣһ¡
һ˻ȥ
ʣ˿Ű˻ӣ߶ˡ
ˡһӣȰèèؽȥȻ˻ϴϴֻѡ
˻ֹͣ˴硣
ָ˹һЩӣ鷳ŷ౸Щõˣ磬һʳ͹
ơӡ߹Ͱ˻ΧСϡ
͹Ա߿š
ۣöóԵģӵ
бϲԵƬ߹
ģϲĹ𻨸⣡
߹ƼһƬ⣺ܵҲ⣡
߹˵л
ĸ˿ĵĲˣȻһ˻ӡ
˻ʲôԹûкôֵܽһԣене滹˵Ŀġ
˵ܵܣϲʲô߹
ҡҶԡ˻ӵ
аԵ㡣߹ߴ١
ҡҡ˻СִѵҲÿֽ
ĺӲÿӺ߹û˵ʲôʣ𣿡
˻ûش
һֱСԵҲ࣬ɽ亣ζûʲôȤƽʱҲ͹׷ͶιҲͳôһ㣬ûԹʲô
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˻Ӽ״Ͻסƣ̫Сˣ֧ŲסƵСһһ߹߹ӣȻӡžߴһˤſڲݵϡ


18 మ
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ƼɺĶԻ


20 ѧ
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Ҳ߲ˡȻһſ˵ıϣʱ¡۵Ǿ䡸ӹΪһ㲻ơǶôãûǡ
̫ѧǰ̫ѧĹſվ˵û̫ѧ飬ǲܽȥӹҲС
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ĸһ̫ѧԱµʯǰֻСƵΧһж
ȫûע⵽̫ѧһ˳߿
˵ܵܣȻһ


21 
˻̧߹ƣ˭Ѿ
߹ҧһ⣺û
һˮ˵Ҳûк
ƵҲû
߹һ䣺˵ܵܣ˰ɡ
˻ܿ˿˹ˣûпϤˣǵͷţɡ
ĸ˼سԸ㣬Ȼһһġ˵ܵܡתͷȥ̫ѧſվż໪С꣬㣬ʿš
硣˻ӻ
磿
̫Ӧ룿
֪¡ĿǰѾʮһˡ
ľǻʺĶӦ롣
Ϊ̫ӣࡣ
ǰ˵ܵܡ̫Ӧ̧߹
ϵң硣˻վ
ӦŰ˻ӵģ
Ȼסڻˣƽʱȥܿĸһ󹬵ɡˣҲͿԿǵĶŮ
ľǰ˻ӣ԰˻ҲϤģ˵ܵܣ㳤һЩˡ
ÿճԺö࣡˻Դʶƿʼһձһշۿɼر˲١
ӦЦ˵˸ÿˡ
ţ˻صͷԼÿˡ
ҲڰӦ뿴߹
߹Ӧа񣺡硣
Ƽ״
ӦЦ߹ĿϣֻСһﳤ÷۷۵ģ۾ģǴ껭߳ĺһÿĲˣʣλǣ
ϵŵܵܣ˻ӵ
ǾܵúõľŵܵܣӦûмƣһЩƵĴ˵û뵽ÿдΪϲ
߹˻һͷš
ӦͷƵŵܵܺð
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Ӧ롸͡һЦˡ
ŵܵܣϵɸ磬ϵ硣˻ƵС֣硣
߹ƵһֻС֣ͣܵܣͣŽ硪硪
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һͷš
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ͷǰߡ
ι򱧻ǣƶϴʾܾˣ߹Ͱ˻ӼŵܵôᶨҲŵܵһĸһߡ



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ٿԼĶӣȷʵˣһûټԼһſԹ˵ıϡ
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˸ϽӹԼҵĺӡ
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ҵܵܣǽҡ߹Цص
ɻȻûдԵĺӣһֱɹ˴ǵΪֹ֪̫ѧſǵȴǳԶģ붼ÿɰҲûв֡
ۿź˷㣬ļϼ󣬺һȴǻ˳㱸˺ܶʳ
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ֲã֪ҾӦöԵ㣬ǾͲˣҰӳ̾Ϣһ

ģԺôѧı顣

㿴ңѧһ죬ѧˡһ
磬ʲôʡ
ǧġ
ôģ
ӵҡͷƣġ
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˻Ӽ̺رУնء꣬꣬¶Ϊ˪Ȼҧֲ壬Ǳжˡ
߹Ŀ࣬û뵽û뵽û뵽İ˻ӾȻᱳôǧġ
ӾԼΪеҲסˣεŤһ壬ʣ˵ܵܣᱳϵ𣿡
˻ǸѧһЩ֡ǧġ֮Ŀ鼮û⣬ʶ֣ʵصͷϵá
ϵãҵ˽㡣
ֲѧϽ磬ҡ
ã˻ٻȥ
ûһһǧģϷһСžһǧĵϣָšǧǧ
˿ӣ֪һ
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Сʼǧġ͡ƣġЩ֣пյģǴ˼ǶԵġ
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Ϣһ֮ȶˣǻϢա
֮ڿںϹˣϼ󣬵ù»ţϼСصģҲϲģΪĸǶ
ѹˣ͹԰ӣȻѾӽβ԰ѾⰻȻ
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˳ϼߣ·һͤʱͼںȲ裬һ䣬̸۵Ķ֬ˮ۲ղ廨ѵ¶û˵ĸĻҲûмƻıĸ
ҲͲˡ
̲סͷɵˣЦĿġ
Ȼ뵽ĸ¶ߴϼԱߵС԰ӹһ䣬ϼ󣬴ûڷ羰µͤġ
ǵмɻĸ԰Ȳ裬ĸҸֽƴǣﻹ׸硸项ñӣȥˢڸУһ뵽ġ项ӶӰ硣

ĸô⺢ӵġ
ĸ
ջĿ⣬Ź˻صϼ󣬿ںϻ´ӡ
ĸһ
ĸմһӣϺòÿЦŵ
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22 ̫
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¡۵ǻ֮ѰҸҩҽơ
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̫Ӻͻʺ
Աɵˣÿһλֶߡ
ϡ
д񣺡˲μ̫μʺ̫򸣣ʺ𰲡̫ͻʺڣͲҪٵ
ƸſͷʣƲμĸμʺĸ򸣣ʺ𰲡
̫ɡ
ֿһͷллĸ̫󣩡
Ȼһ
ȥԺʱ򣬾ŻӻδһŻӶˣŻӣ̧ͷҿ̫Щ
һΨĲ
ȴǺȻ̧С̫
̫ͷмʵۡ
̫Աߵ̫Ӧسգ۾
ƿǵԼĸȫûӦ롣
ӦǵûҲɰˡ
ˣɡ̫
ƵС֣λá
Ƹоﶼ亹ĸ
ƶܺáŵ΢
ĸû¶ܡܺáٴΰο
ͷš
ʱ߹˻ֱ̫ͷóǱĿ⼸ѧ˹أһ˵Ƕģġ
Ժ߹˻ӶƣѾûм棬Ĳˡ
߹ҪںܵܣһסСͣСĸ˵ˣ̫ڣ㺰ܷܵҲܷ𣿡
߹Ͻҡͷ
ɷſ߹
߹ûٺ͵ܵܽһ£Сַسƻһӡ
˻Ӷòͬļɣƴк
ůڵģֻǳ弸΢΢һЦԹԵضǰһֱ̫λ졣
̫ѯɹ
̫ƨ
ҳ̵˵š
ûнκλ磬·Ҫһ㡣
ƵţȻȡõϢ
ô˿һʱӹǶЩסˣеʮһӿʼˡ
̫ͣ˺úչʮһӣĿɨӹ̫Ӷ˶⣬һСС˭š
˿òżǵСǾŻӡ
ŻһֱţԣǸصġ
Ҳôˣ˰ɣȥһ߰ɡ
ӦͻʺϽ̫վ
̫ȻⴺյβǺ԰ľ²
ӦӻЩݲ֪ĸҪˣԶ᲻õлҪĸء
Сӣĺܡ̫Цţ𡣡
Ӧǲﲻ˵ڻĸǰ֣ûĸһЩ
Խ˵ˡ̫Ц
ʺ˸Ÿͼ䡣
һȺ߳԰ȥ
һֱ档
߹˻Ӳʱͷơ
ӦżҲͷơ
ɵͻȻ𣺡ҿʲô
ƿҲһСӣǱ߻ӡ
ѧѧ̫ӣѻĸĶ࿪ġС
Ҳѧ߻ӹ
ʱŭ𣺡㲻ѧʲô
߻Ӳ
һ̫ǰúñ֣֪𣿡
֪ˡ߻ʵʵظߡ
ɻͷ˵һۡ
ûпƿˡ
̫ߵһͤǰ֮УȻðʫԣûӹʫ
һϽ߻ǰʫһס
̫˵ͷ佱ɺ߻ӡ
ˣ¶˵ı顣
̫ºܺõӣʣлᱳʫ𣿡
Ƕ̫ǰ֣Ժǰʫ
߹˻Ӷˡ
ΪͽˣƫƫɲʡĵŻӻûбء
һ
ûϵ˵ôһ仰ǻ¶
Ӧӵȶơ
벻Ҫձݡ
ɵ߻Żôʱǻᱳʫġ
̫ƵŻӻᱳ𣿡
֪ûбʫ˵ƲŸոջ˵
ȴקһ£
ͷơ
ĸұֺֻˣ˵úãƼᶨһССֱֱͦģ˶̫һվеı׼ֿɰ
ɰ̾ѧѧĲ
Ӧŵ̫ܵɰˣ
߹˻˷ǳ
ŵȫˡ
̫󿴵ĺ档
һЦӡ
Ƶĸʱϵƾˡ
Цǽ̵úð͸ɡ
̫ʣᱳʲô
ƻش𣺡ᡢǧġ
㱳һ̫
ƣġӯ꾣šնء꣬꣬¶Ϊ˪ˮԡžڣҹ⡣ͣؽ潪̺رͣ
ôˣ̫ʡ
Ͱ˸磬ͽ̡Щʵ
ӺͰ˻ӽģ̫ʡ
šƵͷ
Ӱ˻أ̫ȺѰҡ
£ԼҺӳȥ
ӺͰ˻һûм̫󣬼㣬ֻİ̫ǿǺµġ
ӣ˻ӣǽ̾Żӵģ̫
СŻش𣺡ػĸҽ̵ġ
˻صʾĸϵҡҲ̡
Ƕô̵ģ̫ʡ
ӻش𣺡̵ġ
˻ӵϵļŵܵ
ǹϵܺã̫ʡ
ӵͷŵܵҺѡ
˻ӸŵŵܵҲϵҺѡ
ôͽôһ㡶ǧġأ̫ʡ
Ӱ˻֮ǰѧ˸ֹظֻ̫ѹȸУʲôһɶ
һԵŪ̫˼
ƺƽؿš
ɾ̫ҪӰ˻Ӻ;Żһˣֻصȴš
ӱܵػش⣺ΪΪҾѧôࡣ
˻еˣ˵е㼱ʾĸʾĸҷʱ꣬ϵŵ̫ܵСɣұ꣬ǲס
̫תͷʣŻӣô¶𣿡
ƻش𣺡ϵ
˵ǡǷǡϵһ̺
̫ûסЦúúãܺãֵ֮䣬ӦûѧϰģˣѰҴӱԺĶһӰ˻ӾŻӷֵ㡣
ǡӦ
̫˵Ժѧϰ
˻ش𣺡ǡ
ôϵˣ̫ʡ
˶˵ˣٶе㺦ߡ
ͬʱһԼҺ֮࣬ǻǸǧģ͸̫
߹Ϊ˸ˡ
Ӧͷ
ð߻ȳʫģ߻ʲôûУǡǧġһ붼ûбľŻӵʹͣӺͰ˻Ҳ˺ôҪˡ
ˣҲʱˣһŰɡ̫
ǡ
̫ǰߡ
ƻͷȥ֣ĸ
ֵּֿĵģƶ
ţߣš
ߡ
ɸ˵ĺ棬ٴλص˴ȰѾںˡ
̫ʺȴһӹ
̫Ӧ߹˻ӵһǵǰ̫ѧǰʱ⼸СһԶӣһÿɰȴʵһƵġ
ŵܵܡ
Сֽ̫˸С
Ӧֺܵܡ
ҲӦ
Ӧ뿴߹˻ӣͬõʣǶôˣ
㿴ҿ㣬ֿһ̫ˣ˭û˵
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Ӧûϵģĸܺõġ
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ӵ߹̲סС磬Һ¡
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ĸϲƤĺӵġ
ƭˣĸ˵ĸϲ
ӦͣĸǰӲҪӺöˣһûйϵֻҪ˯ʱھˡ
߹Ĳģգ۾ʣ˭˵ģ
˵ġӦ߹ǲԼּһ䣺㿴ĸ𣿡
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ӦС˽ĸˣ˵ĸᷣ㣬Ͳ㡣
߹۾𣿡
İ̫ӡ
߹룬ʣ磬ܺ͵ܵ˵𣿡
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ŵܵܡ߹Ӧ͵˽оŵܵܣҽеܵܣҺ͵ܵõġ
ӦЦѽ
߹ĵʣĸᷣܵ𣿡
ᡣ
㱣֤
ұ֤
߹ʶûзֿôùǰررܵܣһܵܣɹܵܣĸ˵ܵܣõܷܵˡ
˵ᷣܵܣȲܵƸǰһ§סƣĵ˵ܵܣ㰡ȻƵСʣ𣿡
ˡĵġ
߹ֱơ
Ͱ˻Ӽ״ĽĲˣһ̫ӵȻͬʱΧơ
ǷֿգֿһƣƵС֣˵Ļһ
ŵܵܣ𣿡
ŵܵܣ촩ÿ
ܵܣ㱳ǧġ
ŵܵܣ⼸ʲôˣ
ŵܵܣҲҡ
ƸͲ岻ϻҲ֪̫УϼСˡ
ǵĹزص¶˵ļ϶ããá
ӵ˶ˡ
Ƶص㣬֪𣿡
ӵ˵ͷ
ܡšĸǡ
Ӽͷ
ӦһԱ߿ССƣƵķģǾ̾ģôδйܰѺãЦŵŰɡ
š
תͷɸ磬Ű
ӦЦӡ
ʱ̫ߵƹ߹ơ̫ӺӼСȴԼԷƺܵûӹϲ̫ЩһӸƼвˣ˻ӶһֻϺС
ư˵ллòֲʧӵ档
ȤԱ߿š
ͷֵĴڣװ֪רĵزӳԵĺܿ죬磬ԣᡢҭšġ
ӳԱˣˣҲˣģҡ
ꡣСַŵߵС㣬ĸҪС㣬СǣС
һ£벻ŻǸôĵĺӣɵ¶΢Цֹ۲һӹȻص̫ǰȥźˡ
һۣԷԱ֮ڴȰһ̫ʺǱҲˣ̫ҪϢôҹ򰲡
ƸŻӹǻصߣһ̫߳߳Ȱ
Ȱڰˡ
̫һ
ǰ̫̫ûӦ꣬ռôˣǺ۰ɡ
̫ǰۣҲúۡ
ֻǵıֵһС
̫һƣļͷ
ǡּ
̫һŵĸп˵һ࣬˲ˡ
ʣָ̫𣿡
Ҳ˼
ǣŻӡʮʮһӶûмء
̫ӻġ̫ᵽ̫дЦ
ò̫Խˡָ̫֪̫̫꣬ӣ˵̫ϲġ
ǰĻӹҲ˭ã
룬شȻ̫ӣأǫͣоŻͦġ
Żӣ̫Ȼ뵽ǧġƣССģװ׵ģģ˵峺棬ͷǸģϧĸˡ
ֽӻĸǫѷ񡣡
ǰǰЩ˵ŻӲ̫أһţǵѾŻ͸ҲǸˣûˣҲûеĿˣӣһҲΣ̫ѯʡ
ûش𣬵֪˲һӵѾŻ͹ȥȥԿģ˵һͻˡ
ݵ΢ǿóĵ۰ӣ뵽ǿɰµӣײģǽԼʱ龰˵һ顣
̫ʣ˵ĸҪˣ
ֵͷūۿ׶СС˼ʵѵá
ţҲ˵˼ǵðҡ̫ʣ̫Ҳչ
ū澿̫ӸŻӼвˣŻҲ̫ӰϺֵܽü䴦Ķʵ˵
̫룬˽̵Ĳ
ûнӻ
̫ҲֻƤҡ
ֵ̫˵ЦˣúãҲ˵Ĵ
̫ЦЦ˵ǣǾԼŰɡ
ЩôƵĶУдϲĸЩŬûа׷ѣɵóһĸˡ
صϼ󣬲Ÿո£̫ʹ;ˣͬʱ̫Ʒ
֪̫ʹ̫ͣͶؿƣƶʶ̫ӣ


23 ע
ʶġƻش
ʶ̫ӣΪֻӼˣ, ǵݸ߹̫й
̫ѧſڡʶġʵ
ôû˵
ɡȷʵ̫Ӹˡ
Ͻںĸ˵˵
Ʊ㽫̫ѧʶ̫ӵ¶˵һ顣
ŵʵ˵̫źң
š
ȵʣҪˣ
Ƶͷ
㡭⡭һʱ֪˵ʲôã֪̫δľǱ»ʺ̫б, ˶Զ֮, СһͰ͵ң㵨̫ˣ
գ۾
𣿡ŭ
֪, ı, Сǰһˣסȣ̺ػһĸ
˲ľͻˡ
Ƽĸ
ƣ㰡, ֪¡
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´ο̫ӣעִ硣
ΪΣ
»ʺ̫̫Ӽ˺ǻʺ̫۰ϸǰи˴̫ӵˮ, ʺúΣգͰĸ˰ʮӣ²˴
ôϸ
̫ͬ棬͵СС, ȻʺҲᷣ㡣
šƵͷ
һƷ̫͵ǽ, ̫͵ǳʳǷǳġ
Ҳ˵δȰ밲ǳɹǻʺǱ߲˵žŻ, ǵ, ʱʺ˵, Żӱֲ, ˺úý
⣡
˵ˣ
æл
̫, ǰʺ˵Ҫʱо춼Ҫ̤ˣ⼸ͷʲȥĻ̻̲ǺһƾͲˡ
ССʲôһһ߰οһŬѧأڴȰֵôɫ
ƵС֣ƶ㲻ȥǶˡ
ţû뵽̫Ķô죬ûü˵ʧܵ¶̫֪ͨ˻ʺ󣬻ʺְϢߡ
ԼȡģƶĸĽ
ţ˿Ҳǫ顣
˶ӵţĻϲرŶӳ̫ĳʳȥèִǧû̫ĴڣʱϣƳš
ʱϼ棬òãʡá
ԡ
ľͲϼˣԷ˯ǧߣè轲£ӹĺ⣬е߹Ͱ˻ˡ
֪⼸ڸԹʲô
ȻԶҵĽŲתͷӰڡ
һСӰ˽վ
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ܵܣ߹
߽㣡̸첲
߹ɱһƣŸոƵС첲ǧ͵˳ȥ
һûվȣžߴһˤˡ
˷һµץסǧĵػܵܣ
߽㣡ƿĺ
ܡ߹ͻȻһ١
ôˣʡ
ܵܣˤˡ߹Сţ۾ˡ
ۣæʣۣ
ۡ߹档
ƿ߹մ˼ʯͷС֣žžĵ𣿡
ˣܵã߹һѱסơ
ʣô
ĸģ˵ܵ綼ˣûܵÿ죡ҵһܵܣ߹Ĳˡ
ȻӺͰ˻½ˡ
ɡҲˡ
Ͻӭӡ
Цؿˣǡôɣ
ӵҿģ
Ҳˣ
߹ͣң
˻ӵҲޣĸ磬Ȼʾĸʾĸĸ˵˵Ҵȥ档
߹һͷȻߴߴ˵⼸յ
ˣ߹˻ڸԹб̫ˣһֱҪ
ĸǽǶѹĿһ
İ˻밲ʱ̫Ӧ룬˵Լܳȥ棬˵Լŵܵܣ˵Լޡ
Ӧ˽̫ӳ
̫ҲǿЦã˵ԼӶˣҪˣ˵ˣҲûš
ǳ˻ʺ֡һСúƽʱôô棬ǹأҲΪ˹˺Ӱ
ɵ˴ϲȥ֮ͺͺ˵ˡ
ȻҲ˺ǲܷ̫ڹУҪ΢һ㣬߹˻ӶæشӦȻСȾͳϼܣ۵ĵڻϢš
ϲ衣
͹غš
Ƴûһ̸˵һ£ҲͲϸĿ۵ϣȻ˻ӵ˸磬ɡ
ţ˻ӷ룺óԡ
ǶС𣿡߹ʡ
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ϵŵܵܣҲԡ˻ӳʵ
Ű˻С֣˸磬Ժǡһԡ
˻Ӻ;ŵܵô׽Ҳ;ŵܵ׽Ͻ͵ŵܵܣҶˣ
߹صܵܣҿ޺üΣ
һ˵ˣӼˣŵܵܣ鶼ãĸҺüΣƨƨˣҿ޵໽У
߹˻һʲôֵý项Ŀ⿴ӣӼŵܵܣҲ֡
ŵܵ֡
߹ܵܣ֡
һƣżžͼȤһ𿩿Цʼ㼷Ҽ㣬ڵϾһڲݵϿҰߴ˵
ŵܵܣжС
ܵܣСҡͷء
ҲСˡ
ô֪ˣ
Ͷſôѽ
֪ʲô𣿡
԰ʲô

Ǿǻˣ
ɵ˼״Ҳ¶⼸ĵһ΢ЦһϼţǴ˻ǺӵĹϵڲ֪ˡ
ǵڶ쿪ʼֽ棬ֿʼúˣѧܹơ߹Ͱ˻ӡǧġ̫ʺûԼǡ
Ҳʼں߶֪̫ȨԶȰˣʱǹؾصģӹĻǱȽ泩ġ
תۼͽļľïʢУǵȣһӯá
˯ϯϣļãʱ߹Ͱ˻ӵĽŲ֪ȥˡ
νĽξϿҰһֱҪһ棬ҲͦһģԴҾԼȥ棬û뵽ô硣
һ˯ŵỽһĸ
ûзӦ
ſߣĸ
תѣƶ
ĸҺ㡢ȥɡ
ȥĶԺʡ
ȥС԰
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ţĸ˯ɡ֮Ҫ˵Ҫ̫ġ
š˯ˡ
ƻŵأӴϻشЬӣ߳ӣͿ߹Ͱ˻ӳ
Ǵ󺰴У˸꡹ơ
߹ʣ˯
Ƶͷš
˻ӵĸҲ˯
ʣǶĸ˵𣿡
һͷ
߰ɡ
ĸ˰ѽεƷˣС֣λߵС԰һðϻ¡
ɨ㱿׾ɨɾϵҶ߹˻ӻλƵ̺ӣСԱ߿š
ˣ°ɡ߹
ŵ̺ܵϡ
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찡˻ӿĵ˵
С߹
ӣл㡣
Ƶͷš
ǳԶȣ˻ӵ
ã߹ˮġ
˵ǽΣҰͣаɣҲǳԵģͺһ
ųųԵɳȿϣر
˭ģʡ
Ҵġ˻ӵ
𣡡Ƶ
ŵܵ˵ˣ˻ӿĵ˵ϵʾĸġ˻ӵĸݸ߹¡ۡʺ̫ǰһĵλƽʱԻòٺö˻ӾʹƵá
˭ĸģ߹ʡ
ϵǸ˻롣
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ϵǸ񡣡˻ӵ
ǺǺ
˻ӵͷϵʾĸݡ
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˻ӵͷɣ£۸
ʣ۸𣿡
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һֱûмˣ˵ʮƤ
˵˭أȻһ
תͷĹˣûҵˡ
أ
ѰȥԶһᲱһССС꣬ŻüĿޣҲûдһˡ
ϵ˻ӵ
߹û뵽ˣʱ
ƶź
һ´ȫûˤ˫ֱʣ˵ң
߹˻ͻȻ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ƶԣ˵ɡ
תͷƣղžͿƵıӰֻСһССһţͦɰģһ棬پ£װ۵ģлӹÿһʱȤҲ˵𣿡
УǣҲ˵ɡ˵˳ˡ
һ¶׵Ƹǰʣôģ
Ҹ˵ɣ˵ɡص
ƿСһŵСɰˣ̲סһƵС
߹˻һ𺰣ŵܵܣ
ЦŵǶá
ƵϵҸ㡣
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Ҫ㵱硣Ƶ
Ϊʲô
룬㲻ԡ
ôˣʡ
͵͵ܳĸĸ϶ġ
һ㶣Сһ̫˰ɣȻ֪͵ܳģϲֺÿĺӣãڻȥĸģ
Ƶͷ
ˣԶȻÿԺ;Żһġ
ˣȻشȰɣ´μһ棬Ĳļᶨܿߵ˴Ȱſڣʱֺ̫ӦڴȰｹصȴš
ʲôʱȥģ̫ʡ
ֵŵ˵֪
ô᲻֪û˰𣿡̫üͷĸˡ
ֵûдȥ
̫ɵǻЩңһ¶ô죿
ĸ㲻Ҫ̫ˣܵһӦڴȰˣȥ͸͸һͻġӦȰ
ǲ֪СҰĺܣϸܳӣҪҵļʱǲ֪ĶСˡֶֶ̫
ӦҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
㶼벻ССͶôܳȥģӻƵģܳȥԺûŲС
ĸ
̫ӦһϽſڡ
ֺǺǵ߽
ִϲ̫㿴ⲻǻ𣿡
̫̰һ
ƤƤ˵ǹǶģ̫̫Ȼǰ̫ĸ첲ĸǳȥһ档
̫ûʣĶȥˣ
԰ժӳءӿڴͳӣǴģĸĸͻȻһͷղӦøŻһӳԵġ
̫һ±ЦˣĵʲôĶûˣʣǰʱܳȥԺ󣬶Żˣ
Żһġ
Żӣ̫˾ŻˣһᣬջعǴΰװֵӱСǧġӣʮֿɰ
ţ
˵ʲô
˵ҲԡѺƵĶԻ˵һ飬ģ³̺Ӻ
̫Ц
Ӧŵܾܵôɰ
̫ԣӦ룬Ӧ룬ԾŻӲһ㡣
ӦͰƸźҵ¶˵һ顣
̫ȣģ
Ӧĸŵܵܵ鲻ֹЩأ
ʲô̫ˣ͸ĸһ
Ӧƺ߹˻Ӷ˵һ顣
̫̾
˵Щ¶ֻ̫ԾŻûȤӣһֱû
ͣءŶŶģʵ벻ССľŻӣȻô顣
Ӧܽһ䣺ŵܵǼõġ
̫ͻȻƲŨȤ
ʱ˹̫ҩ̸̫ͣҩ
Ӧת
ӦĿŵǸģ˶̫ߣҲ治һյӦĿ⣬ʶطʣʲô
ӦСʣ㡢Ķŵܵܵģ


24 
ܿ˿, ûпˣָָԼʣң
, ĸ԰ӼŵܵܵģӦ
Ҳ㡣̫

ֱǾŵܵܿɰ
Ӧ̲סơ
ͳͼ, һ̫ѧ, ڶڴȰԷ, ƵεĴΡ˳ʳϣ˿ԴƵл˳һ档
˾˸˹ʾлڶûе
ں, ϣơ
һζû
ֲȥϼƣĸ󸸻ʲˣ¸ŵܴܵҪ鷳֪һžϾŵܵܣһ̫, ҲȥǰĿŵ̫ϡ
̫ҩ
Ӧϲˮ
̫ЦЦһڲˮ
Ӧĸպҩ, ȥһߡ
̫ʣȥĶأ
Ӧ˳ƴӦȥ԰
ĸ԰ӣ̫ʡ
Ӧ벻˵, һۺ
̫Ҳ뵽˾ŻڵǸ԰ӣ㿪ʵոȥĸ԰ӣ
ԼҲȥŻ, ͲӦĻ, ش𣺡С԰ӡ
̫ҲȥС԰￴һ
Ӧˡ
һ˱㻺س˴Ȱ, ƵС԰, ԶԶر磡ѧˣӳԣֻѾ
̫̫Ӻͺһ, ǰߣơӡ߹Ͱ˻Χڻµĵ̺ߴߴģֺģһһŵģɰˡ
̫۾
ӦĿⶢϡ
Ҳơ
Ҫǣ̫
Ӧ뺫һͷ
֮ԱƣҡͷԵ
˸ŻͷСԴ֮Աơ
߹ʣ磬ʲô˼أ
ӻشԺ󣬾Ǻˡ
˻ʣͲϵ𣿡
ӻش
ǺǺˣĸѽĸǺˣ
߹ĸҲǺˣ
Ӱ˻ӲضãĸǺˣ
Ƶĸ׶ϵˣ
˻ʣǻʾĸϵ𣿡
̫һ
Ӧüͷ˵ܵô˵Ļء
Ȥˡ
ֵڹһС˵ûɻ䣬Ҫ̫ˡ
Ƽػش𣺡ϵĸϵеĺˣõˣ
߹˻ʣΪʲô
ƻش𣺡ĸҲϵĸףϵӵĸףϵõ˰
һͷ
˻ӺϵصʾĸЦÿ
Ƽһ䣺ÿ
˭ϲӴĿ佱أ̫üˡ
ӦЦˣǾŵܴܵ
ԽŻ˼ˡ
ֵһΪҪǵ̫ء
Ƕ֪Щƹ˵ģƼ̫ûʲôӦ־
ӦСʣĸҪҪǰ
̫û˵˺ĸ̧һں
μĸһžһſڵϣȻСƨɣ֫һƵվСӻһ£ûǹ
̫󿴵һͷɡ
ȻȻؾͱһнӡ
ոյĻʻ̫ȻЩӦ˵ЩʲôɡҺˣһֱС԰ӵׯأ̫Ҳûʲô£Ӧ뺫ҲȤȱȱ
̫ȥɡ
Ӧǡ
֪ԼߣЩɲ뿪̫߰ɡ
̫󣨻ĸͬʱ
̫תߡ
̧һۣͷ
Ҳ庫ԡ
͵Ц
Ŀת
˻ȻʼѯƵûû˵ȵ֮ģȷҶĺܺá
ɡŷģȻԻصԼĹ
һˣϼ͵š
ȷ磺ƶȲȣ
ȣĸȡƲ衣
֪ӵТ˳ҲͲˣԱߵߡ
ĸƻһ
šӦ
ЬЬЬ
һһЬӵİƣǰ˸ƶƶԵ档
ĸһ档
á
ȥ԰档
԰ǺƯ԰ӣҶϲȥҲϲȥʧҲϴȥ̫밲ʱȥ˺԰ʱĶǶӣûп羰㳤ˣĸȥ
ɣĸԣ
ЦһƵá
֪Ļͯԣϡ
֪Լ˵ģЩӿƶ棬ûţӸ˵Ŀȫλ˽̫󣬽Ǵ̫Ӧͺʶ˲һ̫ý̫ټ
ȰˡͻȻ
һ˸ʲô
Цˣ̫лҪļĸȥӭѾ
Ͻ
˽𰲣Żӽ𰲡Ȱ
æǰؿ֪̫кηԸ
Ȱ˵ˣ̫˵ĺСڴȰգԼįŻյȰա
ŻһˣӹҲȥ
ū澲֪Ȱ΢΢ͷ
ĵʣǱҲȥ𣿡
ˣֻ̫˵˾Żӡ
ã֪ˣˡ
Щ
Ȱ뿪
ֿʼ
ʮֵοһ֮󣬳Եúúȵú˯úãڶϣĺ뿪ϼһȰͿ˺
ŵܵܣĵغ
СӺáЦ˵
üͷʣôҺСӣ
Ȼʲôۣʡ
Һ磬硣
һСģʣΪʲô磿
ղ˵õ𣿡ʡ
˵ʲôͷʡ
˵ҲԣҸ磬Ҿ͹ԹԵػˣǲǵýҸˣ
ϵ˵ˣͽ簡
ŵܵܣ㣡Ȼû뵽ԹɵľŻӣľȻǺڵģ
Ա߿ŵֶ̫Цˡ
ֵŻǸġ
̫³Աˡ
úûӣƵС̫ˣСƻ
̺ؽУۣ㲻ҡ
ûȴݺݵص㡣
󡣡
󡣡
󡣡˺һѡ
ûסܵغ
̫ܵСק̫ѣС̫ϣίͰ͵صĸ
̫һ
Ҳһ㶣Ż⡭
סˣĸСûòͳǰģϽ̫׼
̫һһתͷȥưװ׾СϣкһƬΣ۾˸һĹ峺ֿɰѿڶ£ĸѵ
֣



25 ӣ
̫
ͻȻ, ʼ͵õ̫ϲĸһ֪̫Ǹ߸ϵ̫, ȻǵĹĸĸ, ôƤ, ڹطԲ֮, ͻȻȥ̫ȡ
̫Ҳû
ˣ
̫ǵûάˡ
ŵػĸ
̫
֪̫󵽵ʲô˼ǰ
̫ŵܵⲻǣ
ȵءһ
ʲô㡣
ǹӣҲǹ̫, ̫û˵ʲôȴⲻǡ
鲻ԸתͷֵֻСһ̫ߣ۵СкһСƬ, ġ
ûȻͺˡ
ʱھʲôӲӣͳͳû, ˵ŵܵ, ԲסҲġ
û˵̫ķӦ
̫ŵܵ
ơ
С첲̱̫, ҲҪ, Ҫ
̫ͷʣΪʲôҪ󣿡
ƻش𣺡ۡ
̫ʣ˵, , 㲻𣿡
صصͷš
̫֡
̾Ǹúӡ
û뵽õô𰸡
ƿź, ĿǵԺҲม
Сװ׵ģ۾ģСģŻӳ̫ɰˣŵܵܵСˡ
ûУ̫ʡ
ѹϵ⣬ͷˡŵܵܵСˡ
ˣŻӲˡ̫ơ
Ҳ̫ǺȻ뵽ʲôϽĲȣžߴˤڵϡ
̫۵ءӴһ
һ
ûҲû֣ССųŵ棬ӴһվСϵĻصƣμĸĸ򸣽𰲡
̫ʱ֪һΪ
صͷ
Խƿɰˡ
û̫˵ƼƣСƵģȥ
̫Ͻ
վֱСӣһؾصӡ
̫󿴵ʼˡ
ǡ
ϲ˵ҪźӡҲϲصĺӡ
̫Ӻͺһֱǿɫûл˹أһֱϲżҲټֺӵЩȻЩǡ
Ǿڸոգ
ͻȻСܹϣµģֺµ˵һĸûаĸǵ̡
˲ᵽһ飬ϲã̲סҪŻӣҲôˡ
ʱŻƺ̣̫ȻҴ񣬽ˤһӣͻȻ۵Ĳˣ̲סʣˤ𣿡
ۡʵش
ۣ̫ʡ
ۡ
ĸ
ưС̯̫󿴣ĸ
̫󿴵СģӦˤʱڵϣĺģϽ֣Żϴϴ֣ûš
ǡŻӣū߰ɡ
š
ƹԹԵظߡ
̫СС·λƵģԽĿɰɵþ΢Цظƶˡ
Ҳߡ
ϺõĽϸϸظƲɾС֣ʣŻӣ𣿡
ƵɣɾͲɡ
Цˣɾˡ
ƳظɾСֵлл֡
ģתͷ̫
̫ü۲Ծˡ
߹ŵܵܣߣȥ档
˭˵Ҫ棿̫תͷʡ
΢΢һĸ㲻˵Ѿŵܵܽй𣿡
ô棿
ҡ
Żӡ̫ºʣʲô֣
¡۵ĶŮڶ࣬ز۵ļλӹӣѾжʮӣ̫Ҳͼǵ̫ӵֽӦ룬ƲԾ̫ʵ⣬ԹԵػش𣺡ĸơ
ĸƣ̫ʡ
Сֳһָ̺ģǸƣװƣ
̫˲ЦˣãƶҪȥ𣿡
ƿ˵
̫²³Ƶ˼ʣǺͻĸȥòã
˲۾á
ĸԸˣ˵þŵܵҵģ
ŵܵܲԸⰡ̫
ߵǰŵܵܣ档
ֱӵҲ档
Ϊʲô
Ҫ
ώ𣿡
ҲᣬϵϵһῴѾСԴ
㡪ͲˣƳðװ۸ɸɾȥҲǹԹɵģ˵ôôˣ˵Ļе㡭ɰ
ʲôʡ
ǻ򣡡
ҲϵƷ񶨡
ǣС򣡡
Сһ̫ǵûֺ壬ôȰЩʻ֮ЦʣҲȥ𣿡
Ҳȥ
̫ƶȥ
Ƶͷ
˳С԰ߡ
ϲݲݵģ氡˺һڿƲסӣŵС԰̫һתͷ
ҿɲġ
̫ʣʲô
شҿ
̫̿
ƾúͦġ
ڲʲôëҲͲܺˣĺ̫һ𿴽˽Ȼһ𿴻һ顣
ܿأ͵ʱ䡣
̫ƶźͻĸһãòã
ƵͷȻ뵽ʲôָϽҡͷ
ôˣ̫󲻽ʡ
ͻĸãϵ
ʲô
ЩżӣϵĸҺͻĸš
򵥡̫ĸȥ˵һ
æصͷллĸ
̫Цȥϼ󣬺˵һŻӽˡ
ǡ
̫ƶŰɡ
Ƶͷ
ӣ̫ʣƶɫϲ𣿡
Ƴһ
ۣ
Ϊ̫
һʳϯҪ¾ϸ
ࡢɰＹѼȵȣƶϲȫʵĸöࡢҲʶ
̫ʱһֿԴԽУͰЦȻϵʳƶ˵һ¡
Ƶĸ度
̫Цŵʲôģ
ССĴĴָĸȫʶ度
̫Ц
һҲǡ
Сһƨư̫ĵĶ࿪ģ
̫ŰɣˣźŻš
ĸҼļţƵ
Լԣ
ţƵͷ
Լá
̫ǵ¡ʱһȺ׷ιأ֪ôСһСŵġ
ֻȵڵϣù˰ϲĲ˼еУȻСץСӣҨһ׼
Сȴûз󡹵ģŹֲʧӵɰ
ܿѼԹˣҨеĲ˺ͷ
Ҫι
ͻȻһճأۿžҪˣֹ̺ѽײɣ̫˷ɣҪԵСյأһ׳ȥسԣԵر㡣
̫ʳ
Ա̫֮ͣ¿ӣʣԱ𣿡
ˡ
ñúóԡ¶ЦݣЦļÿ
ƶϲĵˣ̫ʡ
⡣ָϵӣ
ʲô̫Цʡ
ССԴӣ⣡ĸ˵ģ
̫һֵʦĳɾ͸УЦŵͷû
Ŀӣ⡣
̫״ʣƶ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ҡͷҲԣҳԱˡ
̫󲻽ʣô
ת̫󣺡ĸĸгԹӣ⣬ĸԡ
̫Ŀһůתͷؿ֡
̫Ǹжˡ
СָţĿ峺̫ССģĸ𣿡


26 ȥȰ
԰̫˵
۾˲䷢ллĸ, ĸϵˣ
̫ոΪƵТģﳱģʱΪһ򵥴ġĸϵˡЦ
˿Ц˲òϲĺӣ
, һӣ, ͵ϼ󡣡
ƿĵĸ, Ҽļûȥ
̫ơ
۾, 峺
̫ӯУĸȫТģһ, ʹȥ
ĸϵˣֵ
ôѷ԰
̫ҲƲסЦ
ָЦ
ͻȻԼ̫ǰʧˣǵûоܣͦĵġ
ĵصӣ⡣
ûһСһʳУʳӣ, ̫ӵһЩġ
ˣ͸ĸ԰ɡ̫
ţĸټƻ
ȥɡ̫Цŵ
תߡ
ŵܵܡ
ƻͷ
ʲôʱȻһ纫üأľƺȤ
ʲôʱأϸ롣
԰, ʲôʱأʮڴ
Ҳ㡣ƽ˵
㣡Զԡ
ֶ̫Цˡ
״ĸ, 㿴ŵܵ໵
̫㲻ǳ̫𣿡
һµȥ˯תˡ
̫Цתͷơ
ССôŹߵſڣ̫Сû취, һ̧žͿż
, Ҳûù˱, ֻСַſ, С̧ĸ߸ߵ, ȿһֻСȣٿһֻСȣȻ۵һŹˡ
̫̲סŲҪơ
̫󣬾ŻѾˡѡ
̫ջĿ⣬дЦ⣺ƶǲһ
Щ̫󡣡ֵ
񰧼ң̫档
š
񣿡
Т˳
̫΢˼һ¡
ȷʵˡ
Ƕȵ۵ĸĸ󣬻ǶԼĸĸףһТ˳۰ҲΪТ˳ĸ׶С
ǣ˵ƶΪǲҲ񰧼ң
ǸƵģū澼ǵ̫ڹʱͲϲźȥׯӣܹĺܺá
ûôһ˵ƶкöط񰧼ء
ɲ
̫ԽԽƺԼơ
ͷԼ̫֮Т˳ͳԹ࣬ЩǴɡ˺ͻӹȡЧϢ֪ʵΣӦٵȰ⵽ʱٶ㵽̫󣬾һ̽
̫һʵʵ̫ҲСһʶġ
̫󲻵ûϲӣԽԽ˳֣ҲԼķǳãʱ·Ҳġ
֪ССģǶôȡ
ĹЦֲЦֻԼҾŻ̫ɰˣɵҲſġ
ܿؾߵϼ
һԺӣͿڵⲽ
ĸƻ
תͷ
ĸƳܡ
ƶȹڿż߳
һ±סȡ
ûᳶС첲쿴ƵʣƶСû۸㣿û¶̫ûз㣿
СЦŻش
ȥطɹ˻ȥһȥǴȰҿ
һ綼ڸ֮УƵﺫƵ̫󣬱ܷԼˣʱڼˡ
ȷ̫ûгͷ㣿ûҪͷ㣿
УУָ̫ˡ
Ц˵̫ǵûгͷŻӣϲŻء
ϲŻӣ
ܰɡ
ϵС飬оҲûбƭһѽƱڣŵϣƽ緢顣
ƱѴ˵
ȻȥһЩ̫ľֻ̽ѽ˵˳
ĵսľ·̫Ƕһ㣬һ񣬾Ϳ԰¶ǡ
ĸúõġƵ
ֻ֪֪̫ϲ
ϡҵġֵ
ʣô֪ģ
ĸԡ̧̧С֡
Űеʳзŵϡ
עһֱϣûע⵽ﻹʳУʣģ
˴ǾŻ˵ûгԹӣ⣬̫ôȰСһݣﳢһ
ŵؿһơ
ƇNɪС°ͣģǷǷĿɰ
Ʒ£ߵǰ
ʳУȻһɫӨͬһſӣһŵ
ӣ⣡
ʲôԲ֡㻬֥Ӱٺֵȣ侫ϸ壬ŷӶġ
ǴȰСֱʡ
̫ģ
ûһ̫ᵥʹ͸ϼʳ
Ƶ˵˵ĸгԹĸ͸ɡ
ڵóʱԹЩģֻʧ꣬ҲμӹδᣬȻûٳԹǰЩʳСӰЩ͵ǰ
ж۾ֺˡ
ĸޡ
ĸûпޣĸǸ˵ġᡣ
ĸЦӦؽӻ
жϡﻩ̺䣬ûסЦüСһĺܡ
Ц֮󣬵ĸԣԡ
ӽӵ̫Ϳʼ͵ƣûгԣҲû˼ԣʱڸоˣƶԱ𣿡
ӡ
ƶҪҪٳԵ㣿
ҪҡҡͷڴȰԵĲ١
һƹĹĵĶӵĸһ㣬ģһ㵱졣
ѽ̫ˣҲжˣԼŬһжôֵá
ĵǰʣĸó𣿡
óԣóԣ
ĸԵ㡣
š
š
һԿţûһƤʼܣ˺һССƲסܣһſ˯ˡ
ʱɵˣһĸϵġ
ˡڴ廨
ĸƺһ
ҪҪʡ
ţĸҪҡ˵
ЦŴӦãһù˸á
šڴϹ£Ȼ
ЬϴʣûУ
šСǶĺܿ졣
Եĵһ棬ź𣿡
á
ƳһЩʣԲ֡㻬֥Ӱٺֺʹˣأ
˶һӹ
ţĸҳȥɡ
ȥĶճ궫Ҫȥʡ
ȥȰƴ
˵ҪȥĶԼˡ


27 
ҪȥȰѽֻشһ顣
󾪣ȥȰʲô
ĸҳԡ̧ߡ
ƶϽסơ
ƻͷ
Ҫȥˡ
ʣΪΣƽʱȥĶ, ĸǲֹġ
͵̫ȱҵġ
ƵͷҼ
㻹ͣ
̫󰡡
˵Ժٸ̫𣿡
á֪ĸû֮ƣˡĸͺҡ飬Ӷٺ̫ĽӴ, õ̫, ȴ֪Ѿõ̫ϲ, ֻ̫ġϲǳ, ӹϲУһҪȥһ˴Ȱ
ƶȰš
˼빤Ͳο˵ҲѾ, óСӵƣСԴ˵ȥ
ƶ
ĸˡ
ƶǲĸ

ĸ̫󡣡
ҲᡣƵͷ͸ĸͷ
ûʲôƢ˵, ͸̫źңҲʲô£ӵһƬ⣬̫Ҳ, ĸһȥ
Ҫƾܾ
ΪΣ
ĸûȥ

ȥһ, Ͳȥˡʼ̸
ţȻǴӦ´ξ̫ȥˣĸҲ˵ġ
ȥɡɿˣȥ, ֪𣿡
Сȳȥ
Ͻù˸š
ƺܿܳϼ, һ, , ĸûʲô, Ȼû취ʵʩԼļƻתͷһ׷ĹˣҲû˵ʲôš
û뵽ôȡ
һͷðСͨģûͣһߵȰ
ֿ˴Ȱ߸ߵż
ֵŻӣū澱ɡ
ҪϴʾܾҼļߡ
ֻԱվţƶ
ƺһֻС֣ſ̧һСȣӴһȥһСȣ۵̧ˣżϡ
̧δĲȣžߴһˤϡ
ֳ̫ˡ
ƶ̫Ͻ
ŻӣֽС
˸ϽƱ
Żӣô˵ĵʡ
£¡Ƶ
ôźģ̫֪ʲôʱˡ
ŵĸϽأ̫ˡ̫ˡ
ѯ
˵һ¡ۿĵغĸ
̫ģȻ̺һĸĲˡ
ĸֺ̫һ
̫Ӧ
ѽƷһ
ôˣ̫ʣǲۣ
ϵһĸ񡣡Ƶ
̫ϲỌ̇̄ȻٵĸЦݲɵøŨˣæĸûˤۣ
С
̫װûУĸˤˣ
Ҽļˤģع¶ƽ͡
˸м㡣
̫ȴǲˡ
ƵСˤˤˤÿ졣
ˤˤÿ죬˭˵ģ̫û뵽Сӣ֪ˤˤÿ졹仰
˼ҡҡɡ
̫һЦ
ҲЦ
ƶߵĹ˵ɡ
˲
̫оŻӰ˵㡣
˸Ͻлվơ
ͻȻ֡ѽһ
̫Цʣôˣ
С壬һû
ʲôû
Сźңݸ̫󣬵ĸ͸㡣
̫ȣ͸ĸ
šصصͷ
ֽ̫ӹͨͨźңʣܹĸģ
ţóԣһٸóԣϡģ
ϲԵģ
ţϲɣ
ϲԵ͸ĸ
̫ͻȻĺ൱зҲųģٴοƣСģͷϻϸϸĺˮ۾峺
ѯȲȣСһ￪ڣĸϡ𣿡
ϲϲĸϲˣ
һЦˣЦ۾ɺÿĻȣǻֵУÿˡ
̫ĶҪˡ
ɣһһɣ
ȥĶ̫ʡ
ȥȻĸңĸġ
Ϊʲô
ĸ˵ĸкңϵĸϡԵģȻȻ˵ĸҾͻ˵ĿĿİ
̫ȴˣůˡ
ĸ̫
̫һʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲô
ɣ˵꣬תſſϣȻһһȵżŹ뿪ˡ
̫վԭس
ֻ̫󡣡
̫еźңôյֽɽ亣ζиֻףͷһյźңͨͨң򵥵һ䡸ĸϡġȴЩյһƷͷиӵ
ֵŻȷʵТģˣ̫Ҳǰ
ǰҪͰҺҵġ̫۾ġ
ֵͷ
̫˵öӡ
ͻȻиˣ˸öӰ
ö뿪Ȱһ·ϼߡ
ûеϼ󣬾Ϳſڵ
Сǰ
ʣô
ư˵ˣһк˳
֪̫Ҳûй˶ӣҲˡ
ŵܵܣ
ƻͷȥ߹Ͱ˻ӡ
Цǽˣûп㣬ˡ
Цȥӭӣ㡢硢߽㡢˸磡
߹ȳƵСֵܵܣôȥȰˣ
չʣ㲻»ĸ
ҡҡСԴҲ¡
˻һݵ˵ŵܵܣ̫度ɣҶ»ʾĸʾĸģ
Ӳ̫¶һ˵ŵܵܣôŻ㲻ѧ־ҽѧĻûнأ
Ӱ
ƶЦˣ˸֮һϼѧϰ־ѧ֮һ𿴿èһ򣬿ֵһ͹ȥˡ
Ƴţʳԡһɵϣͺ˯ˡ
ڶϣڳŵʱ򣬴ȰǱ߾ˡ
Ĳͨˣ֡
̫ߵĺˣ¡ۼҪ֡
ϽеĿӭӡ
Ҳӵϻ
˽𰲣Żӽ𰲡С
ֿϽֵ
ϻţʣ˻ţ
ţոϣ𣿡
󲻱ؿūѾڴȰùˡתͷ۵СʣŻûгԱɣ
ƵͷһԳԡ
Цūˡ
Щʣ֪кָ̣
ֵָ̲ҵ̫˼˵԰Ĺ˲ٹӣŻӺ̫ȥʡ
ŻӺ̫ӣ
ƶѾԺ̫ӱ


28 ˯
ѵ̫ĺϲƣ
, С°͇NɪСӣ˵Ҿôϲıתֵ¾ȥ԰𣿡
, þŻšЦ
ͷһȥ, Ȼء
ֵ˲ÿ, ūžŻӾˡ
΢΢һ, Щͼˡ
ȴǷǳºͣʱ˵˼֣ŻӣŰ, ԱȥȰ
ƵͷȻתĸ
ƣƶ
ƵŰɡ
ҪƵľģû˵ʲôϽ˸ְӡ
һԿš
Щн
ȴǺȻС߬, һһ׵غ࣬һһڳ԰ӣģɵĺܡ
ܿأŽˡ

ϴС, ̫, ҪԹԡ
ƵͷĸģһùԺùԵġ
һѵУҪ
á
ȥɡ
ߵָǰ߰ɡ
һ, Ƴϼ
Ƶ, ȼɰɣ
ֻصū澵һȾŻӦõġ
, ׼, ҵȰ˸, Ҷġ
Ȼ˵ǻӹǼճȴŻǹԼأůůģ̲סͺƶ˵˼䡣
̺ţȡֻϢ˵Ժõ
ת۾͵˴Ȱ
һȰ̫Ӧͺĵӭӣŵܵܣ
ɸ磬Сӡòغ
ȵȣʲôʡ
ɸ硣ƴ
ɸ磿ˣ´Ӧ롣
Ӧ뱾áɸ硹ǡ硹˼ôһѣŷɸҲƮƮ˼ƺüˣվֱӣŵ𣿡
Ӧһۡ
Ʒǳ˵ɣɸɣ
Сƶô¶ôã
Ӧ㡣
۸ŵܵܡӦתƵСֵߣȥһĸ
ţƵͷ
ӦƳߡ
Сƶ
Ϊʲôã
Ķţ
ߺӦ뵽˵ںȲ̫غĸ
̧̫һһ۷۵Сӹü˲Ѳµƶˣ
񣺡μĸ
ˣߣȥժӳԡ̫
ӻҪժ
á
̫֡
ƴ˴ȻС̫С
̫˲оƵСģҲһͿߣȥժ
ţصͷ
̫ƵСǰ档
״Ӧĸϲŵܵˡ
Ӧҿˡ
ʣ㲻ѹ
ѹʲô
ĸǰϲ㰡һֻӡ
ӦܵȻʣȻأ
Цĸϲŵܵˣ㲻ѹ
ѹ
Ӳš䣬Ҫŵܸܵϲһ㡣
ûӲţŵܵôɰ˭ϲأӦƮƮʡ
ͨƣ̼һӦ룬Ӧ벻ûϲŵܵˣʧܣֻƵظ̫ߡ
̫߽ܿ˺԰һ԰
ƻûһ¾ŵһЩӵ㣬̧ͷһӡӺӵȹӡ
ϱҲûпôȻˮƲסظ̾Ŷö
ժ
ӦɸҲժ
ֵ̫ժ
Ťͷĸȥժ
Ӧͷ̫
ƸŵҲժժĸԡ
̫ЦˣƶСȲժժ
ƹԹԵӦðɡ
̫ŵСһ㡣
ӦȥǶѾѧϰѧϰĻ֪ʶҲѧϰһЩʲôĶڻ£ûһȥ
ưС
ժһӣŵܵܣ񡣡
̫ɫϸŵܵܡ
ҳӣ˵Ĳ
ܿժ˲ˡ
Ӧһ
ƸϽܵ˸ǰץһӣץһӣ̫СˣҲ͸ץţ̫ܵǰǳТ˳ĸԣ
̫Цſ֣֣ϴһϴ
ֽӹӣй˵ˮŹϴɾ̫
̫һӣݸһŵƶԡ
Ƶĸԡ
̫Цŵƶȳԡ
Ӧ뺫߹ʣ𣿡
һҧȥ˲С˳٣Ѹٰ³Сüͷš̫ɣᵽɣĸܳԵģ
ģڿɰˡ
ӦûסЦ
̫Ҳûпס
ָЦ
˶ͷЦ
԰˻Ц
תӦ룺ǲЦ
ӦЦĸˡ
ƾúÇ壬ſ̫ϣС
̫ЦŵЦЦˡ
˲ֹסЦﶼֺǵġ
̫ˣЦˡ
̧ͷû졣
̫ˣ˸ģ㳢
ƽӹ̫һӣ˿͸ղǸӳһģһġ
ġ̫
ĸƭˣǸһĿߡ
ָ̫ӵ㿴һɫһЩԡ
Сҧ
ӦСԴſС
Ҳ޵׼һҧȥȻɵζӿǻüһ䣺ġ
̫Цĸûƭɣ
ţ𣬻ĸ度Ƽƨ
̫ȻûгԵӣǳãƺӦӣǹ԰ŨŨ顣
һֱ硣
̫ͻȻֽգͺӦĹϵ˺ܶࡣ
ȻƴģԽϲƣŵʱӲˣźڴȰ˵
˵˵ûһͿʼƤܣŬԼ˯ֿƲסһ˯һѣ֪ؾͱ˲Ƶģ嶫ϱػƣСԴнصš
״ЦŻӼֱȤء
Ӧһ£ûмĸӹ
̫úЦ־۵Ĳˣǰơ
Ӧ뾪ȣǺ̫󱧺ӰǼ̫ûбѽ
̫أūɡָϽѵ
һСжء̫
Ȼ˲̣֪̫ˣİſ̫ļͷ˯ȥ
һ̫ůڵģоԼסһȫԼ󱦱ҲȷʵǸ󱦱ЦЦ¾ƣÿʣ˯졪ˣ
ֲ˵͵ͷ
̫ÿͣߡ
ַ̫
̫̫ԼͬطᲽӣèӽݡ
Ӧ㿴ҿ㣬оԼ۶ܵ˳
⻹Ǹ߸ϵ̫
⻹Ϊֹ۵


29 ԲԴ
ֶ̫ߵǰ
̫֡
, Ͻǰ̴
̫ڴߵȴ
ˡֻͷ͡
̫ߵͷҪ˯Ʒ£Դ¡۳, Ѿʮûб, һʱæҵġ
Ʋءһ
̫ŵĲҶ
ּ̫, ū
̫ʣô
̫𶯡ָӡ
̫Ťرơ
ǱӦ뺫, Ҳǰ飬ЩɬؽӹƣطŵϣѵЬ, ̺ӡ
ˣ̫ʡ
ˡӦ
̫󲻷ĵضƿ̾⺢ӳþ۵ӣֹֿɰִТģֱǰϲóġ
̫վڴǰ, Сѵ̫ǳȥɡ
̫ͷ
ŵ߳ݡ
ڱʣĸСƶ
С㡣̫ǳ⡣
תͷӦ룺𣿡
Ҳ˵˯, ܸ, ֪̫ǹƣӦ˵صͷ󡣡

Ӧŵʣĸŵܵ˯𣿡
̫ͷ
ӦǻĸҲݰ, ȥˡ
̫ջҪ̫ѧ, Ͳùˡ
Թˡ
ù, úϢɡ
Ӧ, ̫󶼾ܾ, ֻõǣĸˡ
̫Цŵͷ
Ӧ뿪ˡ
̫Ҳ̫ѧˡ
֪Ҷ׼ˡκ̫ѧдκĻӹ󳼵ĺӣҵĻӹʹ˿̫⣬ҲΪ̫ѧ顣
̫вɵƤˡ
֪Ĺĸŵܵʲôʱѧ
ء
ôѧ𣿡
ѧôۣá̫
̫֮ǰǺ˵ѧģаɣԼʧˣ̬ܿתʣŵܵ˯˰ɣȥ
˯ˣ㿴ʲô
˯СӺÿ
ȥҲȥݡ
̫࣬Ҳ棬ԹԵȥˡ
ֵ̫Ҳһɡ
̫ͷҲϢϢ
ǡ
̫֮ˡ
ǰʣ̫󣬿𣿡
̫𰡡
̫鲻ӣֱʣʣ̫˯Σ
̫˯ļãþû˯ôˣоرչô¶
ǸžŻӵ߶Ⱥˡ
̫϶صͷʣƶ𣿡
ЦŵûУū澸ղȥһۣŻ˯ÿˣһǰˡ
̫˸ˡ
ź̫¡
˴ڳڵﴫOO@@죬˺ߵǰſڴϣС¹档
һ棬վֱС壬ȻҵߵЬӣߵĽŵϣԼЬӡ
ôСĺԼЬӣ
ֿ̫󣬵ȴָ̫ʾ
̫ҡҡͷʾֲҪ˵
ƿشЬӣسſ̺ػĸ
Żˡ˹
һĸأһ̫ӡ
̫Ͻ߹ӣ߽ڣƶ˰
ĸ˯ɰһ֪ʲôӣСġ
̫Խƿɰǰ˯ˡ
ĸ𣿡
֪ģĸ˺ĸ˵ˡ̫Ƶ֣ոȺȿˮ
ţĸҺȿˮͷȥƵ
ô̫ʡ
ţĸ˵ȥȻȻġ
ߵǰֵݸ̫һˮֵ̫ݸƣֻСţغȹˣ̫ų˳ŤŤѣʵƶʲôʱ
ƻش
̫ʣ㲻ĸ
ġƾ̫Ǹܺõ̫̫
̫££ƵͷȻĸǾ͹
ҡҡͷеġ
ΪΣ̫󲻽⡣
Ƴʵ˵ĸáҹ
̫һɫ
Ҳž
Ҳ̫ı仯ǻ̫ɫһ䣬Ͼͳˣһ˿žǻẦ£װûпĸ˵˵С£ǻĸ˵ĸӲãֻ֡ĸ
ԭôġ
Ǵ̫飬̫ˣɫҲˡ
һ
ƽ²۵ĸСС
̫ЦԣĸǵСĸ㣬ԸԸһĸ
Ը⣡ƺԥػش
̫ＫΪʣΪʲôԸ⣿
ΪΪĸ̡
̣Ҳ֪̣̫ôСҲûȥ⣬Ȼ̡֪ʶ
˵˵ϵˣ̺һǣһԷһֵء˵Щȷʵ߰
̫Ϊζô׽ˣЩ鼮Ӱ죬Цŵûĸ̣̺ĸ˵һ˵ÿնȰòã
û̴ӦҪͣʣÿԼĸ𣿡
ԡ̫ͷ
ǻĸᷳң
̫ЦĿ࣬ôᷳأġ
𣿡ָԺʡ
԰̫
Ƽʣǧ𣿡
̫Ҳ֪ԼôͻȻôˣܿƵһһشƣԡ
èè𣿡
ԡ
Ǻãÿնƿĵص
ţôˡ̫֡
ָ̫̫꣬˼ƵŻӣūϼ󡣡
ͣҼļԻȥƵ
̫ĸģ㡣
ţĸġƹԹԴӦ
̫Цˡ
֣߰ɡ̺صĸټ
ţȥɡ
Ƹ뿪Ȱ˳˳صϼ
ֵˣ̫ū;Żӻ
ˡ
ˣ̫˵ԺŻȥȰȥȰ˲þžŻӡ
һ¡
̫ϲŻӡ
͸о̫ϲƣû뵽̫ϲƵֵزһֱ˵ˡ̫ϲŻӡ仰
ܳæǡ
ˣˣŻӰȫˣū澾ˡ
ߡ֡
뿪
Ƶôôϲ
ưСNɪҺÿ
Сƣĸ˵˵̫ϲġ
ľ˵ˡ
ҲԼҶۣƲҪ̫ʧˣƵȻ֪ˣЩŬ˽
̫󸶳ԽԽ࣬ԽԽϲʼÿ춼ȥȰڴȰԣڴȰȣڴȰ棬ڴȰ˯Ȱĵڶһ
ֺ̫͹Խذ
ƶƣ̫ĺ
̫ܵǰ
̫ӹ˶ŵùһĸ˸ѣԡ
šûпشӦˡ
źƴѡ
·ĲϡװζϼȲˣԽԵưۺÿ
ÿÿÿ̫
Ƶͷš


̫ЦƵС
ֿʼѡ
̫ɻʣƶѵʲô
ƵҪȥ򣬻Ūġ
ûϵʹŪ
еģϵĸһθѣŪࡣһ˵
̫ЦŨˣãĸٸٴ򡣡
ĸãԵ˵
̫΢Цţȥɡ
ܳȥ̫ڵˣ⣬͹
ţȰ⴫ҵĽŲ
תͷȥȰſ̽ĸԲСԴ


30 ϡҶ
ӡ߹Ͱ˻ӣ
ܵܡ߹ſſС, ±
㡣Ӧ
߹С֡
ѽ˻Ӹ֡
ܵſڣôɣ
㣡ĸһ
ƿġ
ʣŵܵܣôϼ󣿡
ӻǰÿ춼Ҳ㡣
߹ƵС֣һһٻء
, ûһٻء
߹ͣһٻزһٻ, Ǻܶܶص˼
˻ӵҲһҾŵܵܺܶܶأ
߹ŵܵ, Ҷþúþûпˡ
˻ʸŵҲϵҲϵ
ЩӶڴȰ, ȷʵܾûпˣʵʵ˵Ҷڣĸء
ʣʲô
ƻش𣺡
ʣʲô
ƻش𣺡ܶණ
߹ʣΪʲôϼأ
͵ͷ
߹ܿ˿ŵ㲻»ĸ𣿡
ƻش𣺡, ĸررá
һĲš
ģһ氡Щ춼ڴȰˣ̫ӹһ棬ʹǵ, Ǿˣ롣
ˡ
߹Сֵ
߹ƵС֣˻һվ·ϣҽȰ
롣
߹Ҫȥ
ӵĸϸ񡣡
ᷣˣ
˻ӵҲҽȥ
̫ȷʵǸص, һЩΥص, ϸǼ䴫̫ͬ, ǵĺӰ쵽ӹǡ
˵̫ܺ, ˶, ҲԸ, , ñȻŵȰô󣡡
һȤ
Ƶǧ
ӵٻҲǧ
Ƶǧһ
˼Щҡˡ
Ƶϵģرÿ

зݣ

𯳵𯳵ǶͯСߡ

һɼСͷͷβľӣ¹ĻӹؾͿˣǻһ䡸𯳵֣֮֮
ԾԾԡ
Ƶƥǿһ棡
ڿסƵջ󣬵ڳˣˣĸᷣҡ
ҲܲסˣҲأ
߹ͷҲѧ˺öء
˻ӸŵҲϵҲϵ
ƹңر度ģһɡ
˶Ӧˣ߽˴Ȱ
һ˹ʱ򣬸ĸˣģһĿбӵ߽˵ڣûϸȰԺӣ֪һһȻʺ
ۣһ̾
ɡʡ
һͷ
һٸ󣡡
߹ĸúÿ
˻ӵͷ
ָԺǧǧǧ
ٴξۣ̾ôǧ
߹Ͻܹȥ
˻Ҳܣ̫ܵ죬°һ£žˤˣҲûп޺ͺֱǧǰܡ
߹ܵܣһ
Ӷһǧ档
⻹ǵһһǧϣ˷ܵĲˣѾԼڴȰֺƵԺ𯳵
ȵŵʱǲˣһ̧ͷ̫
۾غĸ
̫Ц
棬Һ磬㣬߽㣬Ͱ˸棬ö࣡ƺͰ˻ѧŰ˻ӵ˵ʽ
̫֪ˣŮȻǻӭģǺԶ۲ţóĸԵģҲˣˣһֱ浽ʱƵȵġ
ĸҲѾ֪̫ˡ
㵹ǻʹĸ
Ц
̫ȴĸƲСϵĺ
˿Ŀɿڴ
ˡСϵĺ̫ˡ
һ飬֪ʲôˡ
˻ȷӦ񣺡μĸ
߹Żعһ̫
ƵǲҪѾĸϵõˣ
̫еɰ̺ôһ˵ľһɰˣɵ¶ͰЦݣ˳ƵԣҪ£ɡ
̫󣬿Це̫󣬲ϱģҲǸոģЦƣһ˲ûôˡ
ûУ̫ʡ
תͷʣ磬ǶУ
˵ͷ
ưཱུСĸ˵ɡ
̫˾Űɡ
תͷ˵߽˸磬һšòãĸúóԣÿسԺö࣡òã
ֵͷ
ְСĸǴӦɣ
̫ӲŲûЦ
̫̫̫ˡ
ЦŶֵŰɡ
ǡȥš
̫ͷƣԷˡ
ţ
ƴСԲ
̫Աߵĳš
ܿһʳˡ
һп
԰ɣһкš
ӿʼЩнųžʲôˡ
Ա֮ʣó𣿡
ӵúóԣ
ҶûгԹôóԵģ
߹ĶӵҶԳˣ
˻ӵͷҳԺöࡣ
ƽ˵ţһĸҵġóԣ
һƨ
ǲԶ̫ȴķǳģϲСNɪСӣҲ˲ǼڴȰˣǱ˯ķ䡢ˮĵȵȡ
һֱ浽硣
˶̫ĺʧ롣
ƿ̫ҲԽƣǸ˵ģԼʲôڼ뿪Ȱʱֵ̫ĸ軰軰
軰軰˼ǽһ˵̫͸ƵԱߡ
̫¡
̫¡
ſ̫ߵĸϡ𣿡
̫ϲ
ſ̫СǻĸϡҶ࣬ϵϡ硢Ƕࡣ
̫Ƶ˼СһҲԴأԼһεõСƵӣϲãϲƶࡣ
ģ
ģĸƭƶ
Сָ
̫ṴţƵϵһ겻䡣
ƿˣĸաม
ã·עⰲȫϼɸͻĸ˵һ
صص㣬ź֣һֱߵȰſڣһżһˤ
̫󣺡
֣
ȹǰӻģֻϵĳȻ뿪
̫Ȼӿһݸж
ӽһ𣬾Ϳȵ۵ĻӹᣬԺǻභȻһ£һֱΪȻʵΣ¡ҲôΪ¡ȨһֱѪȵĹ
ϣӹԵľϣһЩڣϣֵܽüһʹκ
ϴ֪Ӱ˻ӽƱǧġʱܸˣӣͷֵܽӦûһźš
Ǻܶ˻ǿ
ƵһֵܽôôãԽڲͬԺҪƸһЩС
Ʋ֪̫ʱ뷨ô࣬·ϣߴ˵һЩޱ߼ʵĻȻǰߵ߻ӡ
߸ܷ˵ġ߹
ţǲ
Ӱ˻һͷ
߻ӵĸɣǸΨ²ҵģһа̸߻ӣҲϲ߻ӡ
˵û߻ӣǰߡ
ŵܵܣ߻Ӻ
Ʋ
ȥĸǶˣ߻Ӵ


31 ״
ƻǲ
߻Ӽ״, վС·룬Ѹ첲һ죬ֱס˵ȥ·ŵܵܣ
߹ʣʲô
ŵܵܣ߻ֱ׳ص
߹ˣҵܸܵʲô
Ҫ߻˵Ȼ
ʲô߹ʡ
ΪʲôȥĸǶ߻̬š
߹ﲻˬˣƾʲô㣿
߻Ե˵, Ҿ
߹
û㣡
߻һ¶, ߹ǰһ, ƻ󣺡ҵܵ, ң
ܵܵܣ㣡߻ϣ˲Ҫ֡
߹ľƣ˭˺ĵܵܣװͰ͵˵Ҳ, ˣ߿
߻ӱƣҲߣ
ߣҾʹ㣡߹ǺƢģϲŭҲֱ˵ģС֡
򲻹ңСӴһһ, ߡԵȵȸ涼һʵߣ߻ӱ߹һ꣬Ҳߺܶ࣬һͿԴ߹
˵, ҿԴ㣡߹һҲ
ǰҿԴ㣡
ҲǰһҲԣ
˻Ӹŵһ㣡
Ʊڻ߻һµ, ûпڣ߹һվ˳, ʵʵġ
ŬŸ, һ, Ŵ߹Ͱ˻֮һ϶, СԴ˳ȥ
߹˻һͷ
߹۵ģܵ, £㱣㣡
˻ƵСԴŵܵܣ²ม
Ϊ㣡
ůˣоԼԽԽð
߻ȴһ뵥ѵѵƵģ߹˻һҪӣŵʣҪң
һԣ
Ǹң߻˵ͦݣȴġ
㿴ǸҲң߹߬Сȭͷǰ
߻ŵĺˡ
߹ݺݵػȭͷ
߻ŵĵͷܣܱ߻ͷԺٴ㡣
ܰС߹
СС˻һ
߹߻ӱӰԡ
Ҳ
ƿЦãǻǸ߹佱度
ʣҲ𣿡
ʣŵܵܣأ
˻ӵһҡ
СӰʲô鶼ҪһЦŰ˶һ飬Ȼһߵϼſڡ
ʣŵܵܣջȥȰ𣿡
Ƶͷ
ʣҿһȥ𣿡
ЦѽͰ˸һȥ
ʣأ
ƵҪ̫ѧ
ʣѧȥǡ
Ƶͷ
Լյ顣
˿ֵ뿪ˣתϼŽ𶷸ѡ
ĸƻ
Ŀɺã𶷵ݸ˵ѣ̵Żӡ
ǡŽ뿪
úáƵ
û̫ɣߵѱʣѾܹÿȥȰᵽ̫ʱҲûдǰš
ûУҲûǡ
ҲȥȰˣ΢΢ȡ
㡢߽Ͱ˸綼ȥɣڻĸǶţúöࡣǸĸƽʱʲô鶼˵һ˵һЩ飬ҲҲһӽˣǧ𯳵
ûڰɣ
Уĸǡȥ档
ͷ̫Ȼ㣬Ҳʧ˹ء
ҼȻǻ߸ˡ
߻ӣһ١
Ƶͷ
ʲôˣһ½
·ʵ˵Ǻúţ·
Ͻʣôģ
ʲôҲǾͰɡ
˺ûУ̴ơ
С
ǾͺǾͺáһܿ˿˶ߣѹƵƶ´ټ߻ӣԶһ㡣
ΪΣ
ĸһ״
߻Ӱ״
߻ӻصƵһѸղŵ¶ɣǻ̵ӣȻԼҶίûа취λݸߵɡˣԹ˰
ɶ
û뵽һ㣡
Сһ
ԺǶҪԶ֪𣿡
Ȱ
ԡƵԴ
ǿһЦɺܿͻ߻ţССģ˵ᣬĸģ϶ҪԿģ취С
ԿתţĿڻˣ䵽ϵһϣһָ⣺ĸ
Ⱑʡ
ǰ׼Ƶ
ȥҲеģʱ㻹ԶŷһЩ͹ǳһġԴƺǽ֮ŷżҲЩġ
ó𣿡ʡ
óԵģ㳢һ͵ߡ
ҧһڣóǺóԵģǲܺʹȰĵıȣûϵǧͶëأο⣬Ҳܺãĸ
Ҫ͸̫󣿡졣
šƵͷ
ʣȰû𣿡
С
ǻ᲻̫ˣ
ᣬϡĸҲϡ
ƶ͹źңôһ⣬ҲûʲôˣǾʳװϡ
ߵǰͻĸ˵˵úóԣǰгԹ͸ĸԡ
ǡӦ
ȥɡưڰС֡
ǡ
มֲһ䡣
ǡ
ʳˡ
һĸо
ûзʲôһЦȻȥŷȡʳһתͷվſڣ˼ʲô¼һЦŻһƶ
תͷ
ϴ֣׼š
ܵǰ
ԸϴС֣ġ
ץɡ
˵ץԺҪϴһ°´μǵҪϴһϴ
šƵͷ
ϴ֣ʳҲˡ
ĸ£ƾɺ߻ӵĽŲԽԽûһſڴ˵ĳݵ߻Ӽݵ
ɫһ䣺ʲô
ƺƽ
ƺ뵽ʲôʣòΪҪ߻ӣ
ûиӦ
¶޹ذ
ƴӵϻ
Ͻ˻ƣѣ׼ӭɡ
߻ŭ˽
߻Ӱ
һҲɵ
ɣʣﲻ֪к£
£ЦһһʾŻӡ
һ۱˻ƣȻתɣ΢ЦŻӻС˵Ǻģ֪ˡ
ŻСɺʡ
ǣС֪ƺܴƾС
ȴͻȻθĴأ
һ
λϣ߻ӣ˵
߻վǰָƵŵܵһң


32 
С̷
У߻ӷ·˿ɽһ, ر㡣
Сƾ
Żӡɲ廰
ƿɡ
ĿؿƵɲҪ˵Ѱ
ϽɽͣƶͻС֪ʲô˵, Ӳ˵ѡ
ɿҲ˼߻˵ˣ
Ͻ檲˼
Ƶʣʲô˼
檸ղŻ˵·Ϸ, ߻˵ƺЩ, мЩʲôᡣֱָûд߻, ȻֻɵĿŭ
һۣʣʲô᣿
ǿǹһʡ
룿
롣ʱǻԸæ
ȴһӣθĸУ
ŵһ
Ƕ̧ͷ
ƺƽƽؿŵĸ
ɼţ, ҪΪ߹˻ӺľŻ˼գΪԼǹϵ׽ԴϰǺ֪ԼＸ𣿡
ͷ˵
ˣ֪ԼＸ𣿡ɷǵش⡣
𣺡֪
֪ʲô
ֻ֪һˡС˼֡
ɳ˳ѵ, Ҳֲˡ
һ
ֵ֪ԩͷծ仰ȻǾŻǴ߻ӣôֻҾŻӣ, Żʵʵظ߻, ¶㷭ƪˡ
ϽŻûκ˴߻ӡ
ɫһ䣺ˣִҪžŻ𣿡
, ŻûС
ˣͻȻϵҲʵЩ
һ㶡
ɵҲʺ˵һ˵, Żʺı, ¿ǾŻӸںδ
һºˡ
ɿƵ˵ѾŻⲻǡ
Ͻ, ƶû, ⲻǡ
ü
黹ûв㲻ȥ
Ƶ˿ɡ
ɰ˰֡
Ƶ̽Ƶһԣơ
ǡʱԶȰ˵ĽŲһתϼܣܱ̺غд߸磬д߸磬Ҫ߻ĸҪ߻ĸĸң
ƶ
û뵽ƻܳȥ
߻ӵĸŵܵˡ
ץɵ
Ƶȥ׷
Ѿܳϼ
ǰŵĴȰÿˡ
ΪŻڵƤ֪ϼܳɷĹˣƿеĺʡ
˲׹ϼΪĸӡ
Ϲ
ŻɳȰ
̫ԾŻӵ
ƽóԺúȺôıȻŻӲ˵žŻֹ԰ӣžŻǧžŻϷ
̫ӺͺСӶûִܹ
ȻɸͲ֪
ʶǰҪơ
Ȼ뵽Լ֣òסɣŪ˾ͲˣǼظϽת˼صȰҵ֡
ֿڱʣôŻӿϲ
ū澰ѷˡ˵
ΪΣ
ŻǱ߳¶ˡ
ɫһ䣺ô¶
æԼ˵һ顣
ִҴ߽ǰתһ顣
ŵ̫󣬡žһѿϣ죬ˣڼϼ󣡡
ѣ̫Ѿˡ
̫̬ȼᶨھ۸ƶ𣿡
ǣӦ
òʹõķ˴Ȱ
̫һŻӴܳϼ󣬺Ҫһĸ̲סۣżشߴţ㣡
ǣӦš
ٿ㣡
ǣ
̫ˣ
ǣµ߻ֻ̫Լӿһ㡣
̫ļ٣ϼȥŶơ
ʱѾصϼǻݣɲҰôǺܵ˺һѽƵƿؽ§뻳С
Ĳˡ
ͣذƣƶ²¡
ɴǳ⣺ˣĶӣ
̵Ķôˣ̫
̫
̫Ȼˣ
һ㶡
󾪡
߻Ӻ͹𾪡
ĸתͷĸ
ƶ̫һ
ƴѣԺܣ̫ܵǰ̫żӷͻȻޱȡ
Щмƻط̫ģط̫ϲԹ̣жԸӣƲסҪͷһ£һۡ͡һ¿˳
ƶҵƶ̫ϽǰƱ
ſ̫ļͷصؿޣĸĸ
̫жˡ
á
̫ƣ޲ޣĸˡ
̫ԱŻӣ
ɲԼ۾
Ҳ֪̫۰Ƶֵز
߻Ӻ͹Ƕɵˣǻǵһμ̫һӵģǾŻӣ
̫󲻹ܲˣƽϼ
ɵ˸Ͻ̫
ֱ̫λӹֵӣƲƶ޲ˡ
Ƴ̫ľѣС첲§̫Ĳ
̫۵ģ޲ðɸ˺ˣ޲ޣƶˡ
ƹԹԵ˵ĸҲޡ
̫Ĳӣһֱƿȵƽſʣͻĸ˵˵ʲô飿
С塣
̫ϽָƲ˲С
Ƶϵ
ʲôˣ̫
˵Ǵ߸磬Уϵ߸ⲻϵҶãҲ⡣Ȼ˵ġ
̫˵öԡ
Ȼ˵˵ߡ
Ķ
ĸĸҪץңҾܣҪһĸǰץƵĸ¡
²£ĸء̫תһصˣѵõĻҵҪʲô
忪ʼ
ɡ̫󻽡
Ӧǡ
̫һ˿Уʲô˵
ǿ΢Ц̫󣬳檡ֻ߻Ӻ;Żӵֵܸ飬С֡
һף˵ʵ飡̫ҲǴӺģɰʲô˼Ȼһˡ
ŵһ飺ǡǾŻӺӡ߹˻·ϰ졪
ٶ˵Ļᣬֱ̫ӷˣȥӡ߹˻Ӷҽй
ǣӦ
˲оԼѪˡ
̫ŵѻʵҲ
ǣӦ
²Ѫˣûô󰡣


33 
̫ơ
ӣĸ
̫С, ĸֹ
ָжһѡ
̫ʣƶûУ
Ƶͷ
Ȱϲˮ
̫ιƺȡ
ƵĸȣĸȺȡ
̫̹ܶ࣬Ⱥһˮ, ½ӹһˮ, ιƺ, κȵĲٰ
ÿʵġƵ
Ȳȣ̫º͵ʡ
, ĸȲȣ
ĸҲˡ
˵Ļ
̾ѡ
߻ӿˡ
ȴԽԽ˵ȰܣΪƾǺǰһϲں, Ĳ֪Ѿ̫ϵôˣ
ﵽ߹
ﵽ
ﵽӵ
ﵽ˻ӵ
Źһ˴ԼҺӻ߽̫񣺡μ̫̫򸣽𰲡
ʲôĵġ̫ص
һɻ
, һվŰɡ̫üͷ
ԼҺվһԣ̫ƣֿڵϵɺ߻ӣʲô, ֲȷʲô, ֲʣɿ, 
ڣ̫, ô˼ôϼ󣿡
ӡ̫Լࡣ
̫ϲ, һ, 檼ŻӽЩ, Խÿˡ
˾ͲҪÿ̫ûؽӵ
ҭһ£ŵ֪Ǻˡ
Ҳ̽Ȼʵ˵ɡ̫Ѿ֮Ҫȥ˭ҲҪ˼˵ĸܣ˴ŵĻ˵˵
Ӧһǡ
ɡɵҲ˵ʲô
ϼֻ̫Ƶ˵
ܿأ˸߳ʡϡݡ
˸Ͻ
ҲҪ
̫룬Ƿơ
ƹ
ɡ¡۵Ȼ̫
ʵ۾Ͳضˡ̫˳ְƱڻˡ
¡۲ؿ̫СӣֻСӳðװۣ۾·껭߳ͯһ㣬ĺÿ
ǾŻơ̫
¡Щϻ϶ȥȰ̫밲ÿÿܿһЩӵѡЬӡʳȵȣѯʹһΣ˵ǾŻӵġ
æûйעû뵽̫ѾŻӱڻϼλϣΧһȺɡͻӣʣĸǡ
ɰɡ
ɣ¡ĴѰҡ
£Ȼ
¡ۿɣɳòÿģɵŴ磬Ǹ⣬⸱ֵӣʣɣ˺¶
¡ɿʼޡ
ú˵̫ѡ
ɱ߻ӣ߻ӽհ;Ż·˳ͻ檴߻ӹŻѯ࣬Ȼ̫͹ˡ
ɣ̫ٴӣҶأ㻹һѻƪﻹ˭
ŵ巢
ĸŭ¡۸Ͻ̫
ˣ˵Һͻʵ۶Ҫʵ̫
ͷһһʮذ龭˵
̫󿪿ڣ߻ӣǲ˵Ż˴㣿
߻ӵǾŵܵǴң
˵߹ҵܾܵ͡ԡˣʲôû
̫ŭģ߹ԡûס
ư㰡ǿɰ
¡תͷʣ䣬˵˵ô¶
ʣĸҪ߸ģ߹¸ңرƵ¶Ϊʹгǿҡ
ȴŻˣ䣬㡪
߹ǰһŵܵܳˡԡһ£ʲôûǴӻĸǶ߸·žŵܵܣõܵߣ˵ҵܾܵңҲȻҾ˵ңҾʹ
ߵܵ˵ô򲻹ȻȻ˵ҿԴҲվ˳
һ£ԼҶô¸ˣ
ң˵Һһվ
ԾؿӡԼҺǽģȻҲ˵򡹡
߹վˣʶؿԼҶӰ˻ӡ
˻ӿһȻѪȣҪ͸վһ˵꣬ǰһ̫һûվȣžߴˣССһŵ棬ѸվȫûˤľȣһϷ̨ϴӢ۵ӢƵģҲҲ˵߸ɣ
߹һͷţ
߹ֲǰѵܻܵں棬ܵܶû˵Ȼ߸ˣ˵ԺңǶûдǾǡԡܵҲԡˡ
ӵͷԡ
ģ
˻صͷϵˣ˲˵ѣ
߹˵ѻ֣
ҲŵͷҲ˵ѻ
̫ƣɵõᣬſڣ⼸λӹߵĹ˶Ҵһ˵ϳȥ
ϼһ
¡ûпôǿƵ̫ˡ
ɵ˶һ
ӵȻӹҲ˵ˡ
ɫס
ӹĹһ˵¶ƵĹҲ˵ĺ߹˻˵һģһ
鵽Ҳʮˣ߻ѣ߻һѣɻЩλߵģͼλݵ͵
̫¡۵ʵۣ㿴¶ôɣ
¡ۿɣɣ֪
ɳ£ǳ檵Ĵ檰У߻ӵ˼˾Żӡ
ڸģ̫Ľˤɽűߣ项һ졣
ŵľһϽ˲ҶĭҲҶ
ϼһƬ
û뵽Ƣôġ
ָ̫ɵǰǵʵʵϴڣĶΪɶǼһЩˣںŮˣгϵһЩǣҲˣˣúóϣƫƫТ塢顢ȵΣԼ˵Īίܺһ
ɸϽϴ̫󣬳֪ˣ檡
ʵ̫ۡ¡ۡ
¡ۺٹ󹬵¶һ㶼ǽʺˣҲһɵΪʧӰ켫ãǵʧУΪˡ
𣿡̫ʡ
¡ۿ̫󣬷·Ϳˡ
̫߻ӣʣ߻ӽ꼸ˣ
һֲõԤУѾûѪɫ
߻ҲѾһŵˣػش𣺡롣
̫Цһ⺢Ӷˣػĸ˵С߹˻ӺͰҵƶͲرǿ˰ҵƶ
¡Ҳ߻ȷʵʧ
̵̻ģϽ߻ӵĸ£ⲻǡ
߻ӸŹ£֪ˡ
̫Цһ룬˵룬룬˵ʵСƷлǿԾģҼǵõɡ˶ûкӣ߻͸һɡ


34 ְ
Ż, Ͻͷϴ̫󣬳֪ˣ֪, ֻ߻һ, ̫
ɰ̫ζغһ
ɲ̧̫
ֱֱ̫, ֻһǺ, ӾͲǺ𣿡
˲뵽Ѿֹһǰ˵ҪѾŻˣÿÿɫ, ﶼһֿС
Ǵʱ˿ĺӼΪ˵ĺӣһδεĿ־壬ѾܲôˣϽ̫ġ
̫ᡣ
ת¡ۣ£, ¿
¡û˵
˿˳Ĭ
Сġ
߻ӺȻеҲҪ뿪ĸĶȥ
һ㶣Ͻק߻ӵ㲻Ҫ˵Ҫ˵
߻ԵصҾҪ˵Ҫ˵, ĶҲȥ˭˵У
޹ص߻, ̫¡۸ӾҪ߻ˣȻˡ
̫ʣʵۣ߻͸˭ȽϺã
¡۵ȫƾĸ
̫ѯˡ

̫߻ӵĸԭλ, »λź, Ǿ͸ɡ
ĸ˵ǡ¡۵ͷ
̫󣡡ɶʱ̫, ֪, ̫󿪶, ˳һΰɣ߻벻檣̫󣬱£Ҫ߻ߡ
չ˴ȥ̫
ǡȥչˡ
̫󡣡չ˿޺̫
ĸĸ߻ȥ§չˣ§§Ҳ
¡̾Ϣһ
ɵ˶ĸ׵ģǵĹԾǶ¡ûرĸ飬ǶԺȫȫģչ˺߻ĸӷĳ棬̲ס۾
˶Ǵġ
ƿ̫󣬷̫ûʲô
ʵҲûʲôо
ǡ
չ۰߻ӣ߻ӣƼٻ;Ҳ᳹״߻ӡ
߻ӻС֪ɣһγȷۣ󣬵ʱ߻ӲТ˳ɣҲذչˡ
ĵ׾һ¶Ҳ֧̫ô̫ʱһ֡
ǣ̫󡣡Ӧ
߻͵Ƕ߻Ժĺˣ
ǡ߻ӵ߻ӣū߰ɡ
ҲҪߣҪĸ߻໽С
ȥ߻ӡ
߻Ҫ֡
ֳ̫ţʵǶ߻ӵһֹػҲ߻ӣ߻ӾȻֶҴҲûʲôˣ֣Ҫ
ǡֱӰ˱ߡ
ĸ߻Ӵ󺰡
ʱչ˿޵˺ѷΡ
ȰҲûĸ̫ãٶȽǶˣǺĽԶȥϼﰲˡ
̫󳤳һ
¡۵ĸǶӲᣬˡ
̫˻ƽʱҲæ󹬵ע١
Ժע⡣
ţҲҪעԼӡ
ǣĸҲӦעӡ
̫ĬĬĿɨһȦ¿¡ۣȻʵۣ˵˹ˣ
¡ۻصǣǰոճġ
̫ʣ˹ĸΪˣ
ǣ˹ձˡ
̫ͷƺ˼ʲôƬ̺˳Ҳ˽Ϊɰɡ
һ
ɻΪĵġ
֪¡۵ǻֹӹԺ󹬽ƶȽбӡ׼󹦡ս󹦡ũҵֹҵ󹦺͹ϲ¹ͬλ֮⣬Ϊ¡۵ĸϲöɵλݡ
ƶ˵ӣӦǸɵģǰӲݣһֱûȥŴչѹ
̫ˣǾͿ϶ˡ
¡ۿ̫ƣͷǡ
̫ͷзΪɡ
¡۵ĸ˵ǡ
Ͻ̫¡л
̫ɣɣԺҲúýŻӡ
ǡͷӦ
̫ɨһڵˣϵŭͱʱʧºͺܶ࣬ôˣǶǡ
ɵ˸Ͻ̫ˣӦġ
ݻкͷܵʱ򣬺οֵܽأҪչһС¶ô˵۹ֵĸƵģֵܽҪһʹһֱΪκס̫һԸ
̫˵ǡɵһ
ĸһֱ͸ܵáദһֱû˵ƿڡ
̫һˣƵСԴĸ㡣
ƿĵؿ̫ͷ
̫ЦݸŨˡ
͵͵ۿһĻɵ˶ﾪ̾Ƕ֪⺢ۣû뵽̫ϲ
¡Ѿ̫ûм̫Ͱĵģˣ̫Ӻͺû¡
ŻȴˣתŻӣſиһŮ毺õݣʶؿߵֻһֱͷӡ
ʵ̫ۡͻȻ
¡̫󣺡ĸ󡣡
ʱˣҲЪϢɡ̫
¡۹˵ĸشȰ
̫ơ
֪̫ʹˣһҲˣҪǹȥ̫ⲻҪޣǵĸա㡣
̫Цá
ֺݺݱ̫һ¡
̫ůǻĸˡ
ſ̫ߵȥ硣
̫ЦƷ¡
ĸ߰ɡ¡ǰ̫
̫ѣҲȥɡ
ǣ̫󣬹ͱ¡
˸
̫¡Զˣ˲ͬʱһȻĿһ¿ơ
ʣ
ɵ˶ǳϤˣ˵ҲûôĹ˼ɣʣ̫ôϲ㣿
ţƵͷ
ôģֱڿʡ
Ҳ̫ϡɡ
Զԡ
Ե¶Ĳ˵ƾǺ̫ԵɣҲû׷ȥһ˵һɵ˴ŸԵĺ뿪
ƣƶպ𣿡
Ƶͷͦµģ̫ĸͲˣ̫ôϲܿġ
§ƣƶĸû¡
ĸ度ġ̥磬һһβ˽ĸܹԼ飬˵ѾǺǿǿ¶ҪĸԵġ
ĸĸûб㡣
ĸһֱˡչˣһֱάƣƲܳȥġ
ǡ
ĸϵõĸ˵
ƵСͺĸġ
ƿЦȻĸˡ
ĸԡ˯òã
á
һϵڣۣͦԡϾ˯ˣڶѵú磬ǵԼ̫ԼǸϽĸҴѡ
Ϊżʡ
Ҫĸġ
̫ˣ̫ǻûѡ
Ҽ˵ĸġ
Ե㶫߸ƴѱߵ
ɡ
Կڵĵһ档֮һڵġ
Ʊ߽ܣһ·ܶ๬ˡ
һ񣬷ǳС
μŻӣ
Żӽ𰲡
Ż硣
ǰҲ˵ģǹǶһ񣬽ն̫ԾˣȻ׹Ҷ֪̫ϲС˶ˡ
ã
һξõŻãǸӿĵܽ˴ȰѾˡ
֣ĸûУʡ
ûУʱҲ̫ʱˣūȥ̫һƾЦ
ȥĸ
㺰
ţС
ЦУūɡ
ƸֽݣȻŵǰſ̫󴲱ߣػĸ𴲿
̫˯š
Ƽ̺ػĸſмӴ
̫˯š
ſ̫ߣСĸͷɹƨƨ
̫ովˣƽװ˯û뵽СӣſԼϺ𴲣һ䡸ͷɹƨƨһûס꡹Ц
Ƶɡ
̫ЦƵСѵ硣
Ƶ˵Ҫ
̫Ц
ƺּ״һ
̫鼫õ㵹Ǹõġ
Ƶͷĸ˵㻰
̫Խġ
ָЦ
̫ױ̫֮Ժһž׼ˡ
ƺ̫ţϼĹ˾͹ơ
̫ʣ£
ϼֻʵ𣺡ǱټŻӡ


35 ظ
ټ
ôͻȻټ
˼
̫ʣټŻν£
ϼ˵̫, ū澲֪
̫ڳƣСģΪǺ¡, ʣƶ, Ҫȥ㸸𣿡
Ƶͷ
̫ǲԸ, ۾Ͳˡ
أ
ã
Ƶĸ, ȥ֪¡ΪʲôҪ
У£лĸڡ
ţƵͷ
̫ЦŸƼ˲ˣ, ţһȥûʵŵ
ҼļȥƵ
̫ϲģͷУļȥ
ܿţȻϼ
ѾƱõЬӡ
ĸ, ʲôʡ
ȻҪŵ塣Ͻƻϡ
֪Сοĸ¡
ãĸ£ƶҲ¡˵һЩʥĹ, ȻƵСһҪ֪, ֪𣿡
Ƶͷ
㸸ǸйصģһҪعء

ԣĸ㡣
š
ͳϼ, Ȼ֪̫ɽ, ǵƵı֡
ƵǷǳ, Ź¡۵İ칫صĵµ, ſڵһ, ¹Ա뿪Ʋ߽ڣһɫ۵¡ۣ˶ǰӡ
ƣμʣ򸣡ƹ
ɡ¡ͷҲ̧
лʡվС壬ͷش
ôôŹ
ظʣڻĸǶš
¡̧ۿơ
ɵͷ
¡ۿƺͷȥȰˣ
ظʣϵġ
ϵģ
ظʣϵģ
¡Ȼ̫һϣӹƽദûȥһӻ߹׽һЩӺĻʣϵʲô˼
ظʣϵϵϵ
˵
ظʣȥȰɡ̺ġ
¡һ£ŵ̫Σ
ظʣܺáƴ
̫Σ¡״ʡ
ɹػش𣺡ظʣĸܺá
̫ϲ㣬Ͷ̫󡣡¡۷бʡ
Сͦţͷظʣġ
ţǾͺãˣ
ظʣ쵽ɡ
¡۽ʣƽںʲô
ǿˣ¡۾Ҫ˽һĸƭ̫֮ģǼصظʣСÿں档
¡ʣĸƽЩʲô
ظʣĸŮ졣
˵ļá
ظʣϵģ
ظʣظʣǻظʣ
¡۰˰ǣǿˣСӺĸһ̫أ˺̫飬Сһһ̺ġظʡԿǶˡ
̲סҪǳһ£Сûʱ˵ʣСӸ̫̫ˣҲճ
ˣ
˰ˣҲСӴ̫ˣͰһ£ϣСӺú̷̫ҲǰТˡ
šظʡ֣򵥵ѯһЩ̫İãԱֺ̫֪Сߴﹾһѣֻˡظʡûˣǵȥɣú̫֪𣿡
ظʣ
¡һΰǣ֣ȥɡ
лʣǡ
ˡ
¡ＫˣȻ˸ô项ĺӣ项ĺ޿ָժĵط
üͷȻ뵽ûпư쳤ʲôӣǸϽĵµȥӣƴڴϣ˰ƺסȻغɸ磡
ɸ磿ʲôɸ磿
¡ɻˣֻСȣǰܣ̫ܵӸǰߴ˵ĿɿˣȻ̫ӵǰߣûиղŵİۺ͡ظʡֵֻСһ̫ҲĺܿģȻӡ߹Ͱ˻Ӷˡ
¡վԭ鼫临ӡ
񻹲һСܻӭ
СѾ֪¡۵ı֡
ǹôģ¡ۺɡ̫󶼲һ¡ûдӣ֪ӵĿɰҲΪһӵĿɰͶӼĸ־õĳ谮ûдԼȥ׽ֺ¡ۡ
ֻҪؾͺˣ¡ۡ˵Ժ¡ۻ
ʱʱ顣
ڲ¡ۣӦ뺫ӵߴߴ죬Ӧʣŵܵܣһ㻹ҪȥǶ𣿡
ȥɡƵ
ȥĶʡ
һϼ󣬼ĸƼ¡ۣûȥһġ
Ӧصͷ
ʣҲȥϼ󡣡
Ӧʣȥϼʲô
պòϢȻҪһˡ
𣬱ȥϼ󡣡ӵ
ΪΣʡ
̫Сˣϼװôˣ߹
߻ôһһȺ˶ϼ󣬰ԺﶼվˣǴûдôӵĵط
˻ӵͷԡ
Ӧ뺫Ҳ˵߻ӵ¶룬ʱȥϼƺҲ̫ãǾȥȰɣȰܴ󡣡
۾
ʣҲȥ𣿡
߹ղǸȥ𣿡
С»ĸᷳ
ģǻĸܺõġ
ӦǣǶĸϲġ
Ӱ˻Ҳ뵽Ȱ档
Ӧ뿴ƵŵܵܣȻϼϼ㣬һȥĸǶ
Ƶͷ
ϼͿʯǰ
ĸƿĵغһ
Ͻǰ龭
һһ˵
ûΪֹκë̫ڣ¡ҲƣǷ
ĸȥĸǶˡ
ھȥҪˡ
ȥĸǶԡ
ֲĸˡһԴ׵ӡ
ֵĸ
һЦˣУȥɡ
Ƴϼһת俴·ߵŵӦˡ
ŵܵܣһ󺰡
Сǰ
ͻȻǱɡ
ʣʲô
˭쵽ĸӵ
߹϶ң
ǿʼܣӵ
ʼ߹˸͡
һǳܲʼ
߹ܳȥ
˻һ£
Ӧ뺫һۣͬʱơ
ƽ˲·ܲɡ
米㡣
ӦǰһףƵС壬ƾˡ
Ӧ룡ʹթĴ
ӦƶЦ
һȺ˶Ȱܡ
ȻӦ뱳ƣģ̫ѧѧЩ򣬺ܿͳ嵽ǰͷֱֱȰȰ̫˵Ƽ¡۵¶ȻĵĽŲ
ʲô̫ſߡ
ǲǾŻˣָǰ
ĸƵ
̧̫һӦ뱳ܽˣһСӡ


36 β
ĸ
̫һС, ȵʣǡ
ġ
Ӧͷš
Ƶա
ڴȰһ죬Ѿ̫ˣ֪ۿ̫ϼ﷢Ƣ, Ƕ̫⡣
ֻ㡸⡹ڡġǰҳݡ
ǺԥܵȰ, ̫˲,⡹賤,ġʱûӰ
ĸͬʱ
ãе㺦¡
˻ӵ㣬£ŵܵ˵ĸϵˡ
߹ͷš
ӵҲе㺦¡
ƻͷҪ, ĸɣ
˸мؿơ
̫ĸϵϵ
̫ҲֹĻ֪Լϴϣ̫Ӻ£Ҳһ˲, Ҫ˵ʲô˵ľ⣬ǡ
˵ˣ˳ŵϵ, Сƶ
ת, СͣһСɣһĸϵȫõˣõģرǿˡõġ
̫ر̹, Ʋס¶Цݡ
һЦϵ, ĺͰס
еľɢ
̫, ĸõ, ɡ
Ӧ뱳ƽ
Ҳ߽
㿴ҿ, һ˽
̫龰˵ͷ
Ƶɸ磬
̫ʣƶô米ˣǵƤ
Ӧ
شӦ뱳ϻϵɸҪҡ
Ӧ͵Ǵұ˭ܵĸ
ӻŵܵܲҪţ̫ˣžŵܾܵܡ
ֵ̫ȻҾܵһɣ
̫һƵСһûܣ˼һ
Ц̫ϿҾϵһ
ֱ̫ӰƱȻʣ㸸ˣ
Ƶͷš
㸸˵ʲô
ʵش𣺡ңĸʻĸ
̫²³¡۾ǺǸôĺӣǵ㶼شˣ
ţҶҶ˵ظʡɡ
úúãúӡ̫ƵԴ
ƿЦ
̫תӦ뺫ˣһЩ̫ѧ¶ֹǺú顣
Ӧ뺫һǡ
̫ͷѵϢһһɡ
Ӧ뺫һơ
̫ƣҲȥɡ
ĸٱҡƺƤ
̫ЦűһƣȻƺӦһˣǧ𯳵ȵȣЦڴȰﴩ
µĴȰЩͯȤ
̫˿ġ
ָ΢Ц
Ҳɡ
˰죬Ƶ̫ţ𯳵ŷӦ⣬Ƶֱϡ
ɵĺ˵ġ
Ӧĸ㿴Ƕ˯ˡ
£СӾģСʱҲǣʱʱض˯š̫˰Ѻ͵˯Աơ
ĸɡ
ĸö̫ƽԼ䡣
Ӧ̫߽̫СذƷŵϣѣЬӣ̺ӡһξĻĸʵʻС
СƴģԽþŵܵڲͬ
ߡ̫С
Ӧ̫˳
ֵ̫ׯ̫ҽոմϼһˣǰҪ
ׯ̫ҽ̫̫ҽרŸ̫ǰЩӴӱԺʱ˵¶ٻϼңһ̫ӣ̫ɡ
ǡׯ̫ҽ
ׯ̫ҽһžͿͷ
̫ѯׯ̫ҽļͥ
ׯ̫ҽм˵󣬿̫ɫ̫òְ㾫¶󰡡
ֽӻǰɣūҲ̫ͷˡ
ӦӻҲôá
̫Цͻ˵õġ
ְʵ̫Ѱׯ̫ҽ
š̫˳
ׯ̫ҽ˺Ȳѣѯ̫عӣ˿̫̦۾Ȼ
ʣׯ̫ҽô
ׯ̫ҽһߵͷһߵݺͻɾȡ
ʣʲô˼
ׯ̫ҽ̫Ӵð
־ϲʣģ
ǧȷׯ̫ҽҲˡ
ָ֮࣬԰̫õĻׯ̫ҽµҩûʲôõѸ٣
ֲɵþ裬ׯ̫ҽʣ̫ǲǳ߶
ǡ̫˵ȵ
ڱԺʱࣿ
ö࣬Żʡֲ˵Ǹвסġ
̫ӹǸϲ԰ܺԺܴ·ģҲģ͸ܣʱҲ·ͱһһġ
ˣׯ̫ҽϲõ̫ɻǵãڱԺʱְ㳣˵̫߶ǡ
ǵãʱ򰧼Ҿ뵡ҲͲˡҪǱԺ޲̫ҲûȤ
ǾŻڣ̫Ը߶ѪӹǾ͸ӲɫȻׯ̫ҽ̫󣬱ְβ꣬˳ɹ
̫֪ԼĽʵöˡ
ӦŵܾܵȻԸĸβ
ָŵɲŻƽʱһʵĻݶģҪ̫󿴣Уһȥ̫Ӹˡ
̫һ뵽ԼӣʱЦˣɲƶǺӾҵĺܡ
ֵׯ̫ҽ̫ҪҪٷʲôҩ
ׯ̫ҽʱˣְٿĻ̫Ѿָ
ֿĵС
ׯ̫ҽó̫ϲŻӣ̫󣬿Զ;Ż߶߶Ҳմմĸ
á̫Цׯ̫ҽ
л̫󡣡ׯ̫ҽ
ׯ̫ҽ
ǡ
ׯ̫ҽ̫ӦﻹϲõģϲҲ˯ӦΪ̫ӣϵأˡ
ָ̫
ٴʱ̫ԽԼȽӸɣ˵Ƴ֮󣬳˯ˣû뵽ƵãԽϲСˡ
Ͻ˴ƴǰ
ƶˣ̫º͡
ĸغ
̫ӦһԸƴѡ
ոĺ߽һۿ̫ƴѣһ£תһ룬̫һֱ۰־ú
Ҳˡ̫
ĸֶҪȥ̫ѧˡ
ȥɡ̫ƴѡ
ƣСƶȥˡ
šһԵɵɵӡ
ȥСһ¾ܡ
ƶûзӦ̫⺢Ƿᡣ
ûܺ
Ƭ֮Ҳˡ
̫棬һιƳˮһƲƺõòˡ
Ƹоﲻ̫Ծӣûд̫Ͽ⣬һֱ̫ɽ
ǵûȥˡ߹
š̫˸˶˺
˾ޱȡ
̫Ц棺ƶ˼Ȱ
ڿƲסһСͶųԲΣȵؿ̫


37 
ôˣ̫ʡ
ԾɴڳԾ֮, һն˳ԵúúȵúúãȻٹģ߶ŵ̫, ׼ǹȰ
û뵽̫󲻵Ǻ, һǼ
ƶƲ˵, ̫ƵС
ƻĸ
ղԸˣ̫ʡ
Ըġƻش
ôôأСﶼԷŸˡ̫󿴵ոƵ̬ˡ
Ϊĸ̫ɣ
Сġ̫ƵС, תʣҲԸȰ𣿡
˵Сӣһ֮󣬾ûô࣬һͷԸ⡣
, 
ǻĸһ
ȥɣȻˡ̫չ˺ԼһӺ͹
Ʊ˿Ȱżﻹɻ̫ǺãǽպõЩͻأ, ʱֵ̫ĶԻ
˵̫ոƨɺܣܺˣóҩˣԺҪ˻
û뵽
û뵽ԭ
û뵽ȥܳһ¶, վͿԴ󷽷شȥȰ, ﲻɵÿֵػصϼ󣬰̫ʹ͵ĽκͲ϶
̫ôʹͶˣʡ
̫ϡѾС°͡
Nɪ
ƼNɪ
̲סһСû
Ƶͷ
Űɡ
á
, ʳ, ԡ֮, ̹ڴ, ûһ˯, ϸոţ߹Ͱ˻Ӿ͹ƣȻĸһ߽Ȱ̫밲
̫ʣأ
ƻش𣺡ȥϿɣ
߹ͷϿˡ
䣺춼û
˻ӵͷͣš
ࡣ̫п
Ƶͷԣǡú棬Ժúѧ
ûƶ˵öԡ̫ƵСԴĴȰȥɡ
ûȥ棬̫֣ĸҲ氡
֪̫йЩһֱţȥˣȴ֣ģƣҲ֪רҵҽҲ֪̫徿ôģһֱǿ̫ҩ
ЩӴ̫˶̫ӡ
Ҳ˵Լǿ̫ԽԽá
ʹá̫˵ˡ
СʣΪʲôʹã
ֵ̫Ӹպã
֣ҲСġ˵
аһţǸǺðֵļˡ
֣¡̫Ѿ˶ĺôǲһ棬ʣʲô
ӥ׽СƵ
Уǻĸ档
̫󡣡ֻЩġ
֣õġ̫зִ硣
Ƶͷ
̫ʣ˭ӥ
ƵҵӥĸǴ󼦣Ͱ˸СС
û˵̫Ǵ󼦵ġ
ֺ͹һԺա
̫˿⣬Ǹ¶ĵصУͰƶ˵ô档
ãʼ
ֺһڹľսվһԣΨ̫иʲôʧǵСͲˣƺܻս࣬Ҳ
ϷûΣԲ˵̫濪ˣſЦͣĻӹһЦ
ȰﶼǻЦޱȡ
һƺ̫˶ˣһЪš
̫ôָϽǰ̫
ˣˡ̫
ū澸
ȸƶ̫
ĸ𣿡Сͨͨʡ
档ʵϷ棬Ϊӣ̫žú档
棬òãʡ
á̫Ӧ
ƿˣڶգգաÿն˵ȰϷ
ӥ׽Сľͷ˲ȵϷ̫һ棬ֺʹȰҲ档
Ȼ졣
֪˶󹬲ɻʹȾ˷纮¡֪ȥѯһ£Ͻ飬ڼݵ˴Ȱ
һۿ̫߹˻
ޱȣһŷӦӸĸ밲
̫Ƶͣ
̫ʵɡ
¡밲
¡۵ɡ
̫ƽʱڴȰһˣ治˼¡ۻ߱ǰ֮ģվӵʵۣôпʱˣ
ĸ䣬ǽȥ˵ɡ¡۵
̫ҲЩˣƵƶǵЪЪ
ͻȻʮֹصǣĸ
̫¡ߡ
˸ϡ
̫ϣְеԼ
߹˻վԱߡ
¡ܿ˿ĸů
̫Ҿúů˰
¡̫ͣԽˣλɻӹȾ˷纮ӵ䡣
ʵ۲õģӹǺء̫Ц
ǰĸܻӲʡʱ纮ʱۣŪĺ󹬻߱Ժء
ǰ̫ʮ˵갧һֱͦõģƶҲûȾ纮
¡ۿ̫ƣֿԱߵˣĸСһ۾ģģ׳׳ģһǽޱȵġ
ٿ̫󣬾ȵط̫ˣݣֽҳݣһز⣺ĸ㿴һˣ񡪡
ˣͷˣǰɣⶼǸƶˣĽἰƣ̫һ
ô˵¡۹æն밲ߣܶȰ鶼֪
ׯ̫ҽ˵ҸöҾ͸ƶĺˡ̫Цŵ
¡۲ؿƣڰۣ̫ˣ̲סŻӡ
ưС¡ۣǣʡ
¡ʣ̫𣿡
վֱС壬ش𣺡ظʣϵ
¡ʣôģ
ƶ˶ظʣϷ
¡ۺʣʲôϷ
ظʣϵӥ׽С
𣿡
Ƽظʣľͷˣ
¡ʣ𣿡
ظʣС
һظʡ¡Կۣ̲סϣһ˵ꡣ
ƻû˵̫󲻸˵ؿˣʵۣƶһֱ˵ôûģ
ĸ󣬶ӡ
̫ȿڣ֪С˵𣿡
¡һ£һ̧ۿ̫ɫţ·ʲô治һ㡣
ҲҽͣϽƵŻüá
ơ̫ûص
̫ǰƢ¡ۣϽЦƶТ˳̫ʵڶ£µЩһ͸㡣
ʵ۵ʲô̫ʡ
߽ĹƷ
̫صͷɫ͡
¡۰͸һоԼСš
СƹԹԵؿ̫ϣġ
̫תѯ¡۵
¡۵һжá
̫ͷע塣
ǡ
̫ƺ뵽ʲô˵еطּˣ
¡ԳƣɫǣѾԮ
Ǿͺá̫̾Ϣһտడ
¡ֺ̫˵һЩϲҪ飬Ҳûžˡ
̫̾Ϣһ
ƺȻϵСƵݸ̫
̫ʣƶǸʲô


38 һֲ
գƵ
̫һʱ֮ûƵ˼
ԣֵ
˵, СƾգԵģ̫ʡ
صصͷţ
̫׹ǰѸղšּġ¶ȥ, Կ, ˡ
ĸ, ưС̫С
̫ͷСơ
ƵööԵ, Ͳɡ
Ҳ׹̫
߹һӡ
˻̫С׷ʲô飬ǿܵܶϹصĶ̫, ϽͷϹºɰק̫󣺡ĸҲ
̫С, ֿˣһֱǵɲµСӿһôģʵЩжú, Ǻúӡ
Ƶͷ
ѵ̫ܵĿ佱, ĵػζС塣
ǻĸͰЩˡ̫
һͷ
̫̲ס§§ˣȻһţ¡۵鷿¶
֪̫Ǻ¡ּĵ¶, ѾԼ, ʣµľͽ̫¡, ڴ
ú, ɫת
ҪꡣС
߹ǵøϽȥ, ȻҪܲˡ
˻ӵԣǷȥɡ
áҲӦ
ĸ˺ָ˱𣬻صԹصԹƿɫЩļĵϰջܿ࣬үҪôżѩ
үĳ졣
С꣬ʱ̫˵˼ĵĽ̫ĸ˾¶¡ۣȻĸһġͷĸ磬ڳ֮ϴ˵˵
Ӷ֪Щ󳼲
Ƿ׷׾ĵȼü֮
ƶĸã´һЩ͢ڲֵ¶øظ̳Ѫ̫Ϊ˼ɵ˵
ȴװס
ҪЧ
ֽͨʱʱϰܿ࣬͢޳ĪҪһЩǳֶȾȼԱ
°ҲˣԺúùˡ̫ǴЦ
Ƶͷͣš
ƶǴ󹦳
ϵһҲǫ顣
̫Ц󹦳Ҫʲôͻĸ˵
Ҫ⡣ƺԥص
̫ˡ̫
Ҫĸһ⡣ƹ
ô򵥣
Ҫĸͻĸ͸硢һ⡣ѭ򽥽˵⡣
Ȼ̫ʣĸ磿
ѾƵ
磿̫ʱƻһ׸ӣСͳˡ֮ˡֵعЩˣûмӡ
ţƵ
ãһ⡣
Ʋ˵ˣеѹӡ
ôˣ̫ʡ
ҪþúþòŻƵ˵
Ǿ
ʲ˵粻һأҲҸ硣
̫˿˵ϾҪˣûģͷĸ㸸˵
ĸá
ֺĸ̫Ц
ߡС̫
ʲô
ǿѩѩˡ
ãѩ
ƺ̫һѩѩԽԽûһԺѩһƿѩʱͻСû취һ棬һҪȥѩ
䡣̫סơ
ĸҲ䣬档һڴ
̫ûа취ְѸĺɫóƴϡ
߽ѩء
Ӧ뺫
Сƶ
ֱӺ֡
ôĸһЦ
һߡ
̫Ӧһ˵
ץϵһѩžһҵϡ
һ㶣Ȼƣҡ
ŵĸϽСȣ̫һֻɫ̫󣬿ɰˡ
ӦҲ͵Ц
Сƶܡ
ƴţĸңң
̺ģʵڿ֣̫ƲסЦƱתͷԺŵܵܡ
ĸ̫ƫˣѩġ
̫ôСҲۡ

ӦЦ
ЦʲôŤͷѩҵӦϡ
Ӧһ£ץѩźͺ
ѩҷɡ
ɵոյ߹Ͱ˻ϡ
˴һ£Ӧͺѩ̴ֵͦģһץѩ
Ƽش̫ϻС
߸ñ϶ѩ
̫Ͻֹ
߸˲ֹͣȻһ̫ůΧ̿Ƚˮ
߹úȡ
ӵҩúȣ
˻Ӳ廰ˮҩ
ҩࡣ
Ƶϵҩ
С˳
Ӧȵصˮҩģһʳġ
Ƶͷţ˵ϵԵġ
һƵСԣ˵ǶԵġ
ơžһ´֣״ĸ˵󡣡Ȼ굽̫
̫ϵĺ
ӹ棬
̫ǸСͻĸ顣
ƾ̫￴顣
̫ƽš
Ӧ뺫˸š
ѩţ϶գ󹬽ǽ䶼Ǻһѩһɨѩ
̫Ҳƻǰù֪ͨƣվͲȥȰˣúϼůůһů¶Ŷĺ
ů紺ϼŵģŹ֭ߣèޱȡ
̫˺ܶ˪̿
ů͡Ӧһ
˳ڵ֪ڷûܶ
ûаɡҲ֪
ҪǷͿˡ
ԵġƵ
ô֪ԣ
Һͻĸ˵ɡ
ĸȻ⴫һ۵
һ̧ȥ˭أ
ĸܵܣŽ
֣ôģ
ĸһġ˵ص
̫ˡ˵Ŀˣͣز鿴ˡ
ͷûݡ
ǣûݡο
ĸ͵ܵ͵ĶࡣƴͨɡЩ˷ڶԻڷõӹҲ
ûݾͺã죬ůһů㻻ѣһػ
ĸõģһжá
ͷ
תͷԱߵƣܵܡ
硣ƺ
ƵСֵܵܣ֪øģлл㡣
šЦ
˺ܶ
ʲôʡ
ӰͳƤȵȡ
ۣöණƸп
ţǸġ
ڷĵľĸ͵ܵܣ֪ĸɣ̫ܵϲرˣɻǺ۸ĸ͵ܵܡ
ĸϼţ΢һЩ
ǵܻܵᵽܰ
һΣμӹŹһܵܣ֮һʼܵС͹ȵ֮ġ
ϵգʡ
š
ر
оرгɾ͸У￪ĵĲˣһôá
ֿһݣĪϤУæʣϵʲô


39 Ǻ

ʲôʡ

һ⡣
͵־ǽк, ں˵öʦֵʱ, , ֵ, ҿŹֺÿ, ʦֵҪһ裬ظǣȵůˣͻῪˡ
áԴ
Ц
ϸź, ϱڳֹ̨ⷿС⡢²ˡС˵ȵ߲ˣҲʶһЩ߲˵磬֪ŴͷΪֲڣ˷ֺ͸ϲ
ǰĺǺܺÿҲ硣
ƶһ
û
ƶֺһ
ƿĸ
ƶϲָźʡ
š˵ϲ, ˵Ȥľ㲻ҲһĻ
ǾšСԴʣΣ
ƿ㣬
޲ðеĺöܵ, Ȼú, ɱˡ
ƱνĺȨĸ, ϵһ, ˭, Ҳܡ
һ, Ц
Ƶͷ
ܵ, 浯
סôԶ·£ЪһЪĸ˵˵ɡ
ԱߵѾѾĸ㡣
ͷá

ƱźԱߣź˺һﻹǸɻȻ
״ʣƶʲô
ƻش𣺡
ʣʲô
ԡƵ߲̫࣬Ҳȷǰһ磬뿴һڵĸ״ûʲôر֮һʱҲ޷ȷŰɡ
СɲҳมȻӻ۵ġ
ҲҳԵġĵϵĻ
һЦԣϵĻûĸɾม
תͷȥϴϴ
Цŵͷȥɡ
߳ݣѺһ¶Ӧĵطǲˮ޼ʩʵȵȣǲ
ǣŻӡȫӦˡ
ŷĵ߽ݣϣţ˵ڷȤ¶
ӽʱʹЩӣʳԵ÷ǳ㣬˯˸ϼԺ浯
һܴһֻ񡣡ŵ˵
ƵҲš
˵һɣһֻžڵϡ
ƾˣۣ度
ʣĴˣ
ͷ
һξԼҸ㼫ˣҲŵԣСС֪֮ص̫Сɣҳɣѧġ
õ̫ܵɰˡ
Ц
òѾƻͷʡ
ǹҲУץ񡣡
ʵǰѺܴѩЩʳȵһܽǰû²غţ˰ץʮֻȸ
ǹ۲һҲͰȸŷˡ
ֺ˵ЩΧ顣
ԣú档
ʣɡ
˳ƵţҲȥá
㲻ȥܾ̾
ΪΣ
ûйá
ˡ
õ޵ĵطйʣο׵˶ڹǿֶѣǰûнΪ̫ˣѱÿԼƻһ£¿ãҲȥá
ܵԡЦһС
ţȥĸ̫
ĸһ䡣
ţĸϡңһȥ
ԥ
֣ͣظһȥһȥ
㵽ܲƵĥˣͷá
ƿˡ
ڶͷѩϣ˸ϸĹâϼůģ֮ȥ˿ĺ⽫Ƶͷ棬Ȼſʼš
ĸȥĸƵ
˵ȥ𣿡ǵ̫󽻴ģ˵·ˤš
ϵ·϶ѩɡ
ϵ壬ʣȥȰˣ
ţȥĸƵͷ
֪̫ƣҲ֪̫ҪС飬ûǾȥɡ
Һ͸һ𡣡ּһ䡣
㡣
ĸģ¡
ǵͷϡ项ñӣҲԶ̫ģ˼Ƭ̣㽫̫һЩϲø֪㣬ע⡣
ͷӦǡ
ŽƱ߳ϼ󣬾ĿȥǴѩ·ѾɨĸɸɾȽȵ
ܿؾ͵˴Ȱ
̫󲢲ڣ˵Ǻͻʺһ𵽺￴֮ģҲ̲飬Ҳ֪ʲôʱ
Ҳûм̫󣬱ӴȰ»صϼſڣɻںĹ괩¶ͬʱֹ
磬ǲȥɡܺãҲԺӡ
ͷ
ߡ֪Գһûں߶
ðɡ֪Լ项ݡ
ûϵĸҡƼں󹬺ߣûĸɺͻӹ
ǳԹĺӣ˽ϰߣҲѳ
УҺܶ¡
̺ĵܵ˵⻰̿
Ƶ߰ɣСġ
棬Ҳľܾðɣǲ
ƴں߶ȴߵĺܿ죬žͳ˺󹬣ߵһƫƧСԺǰԺŰ뿪ţһԺ￳񣬿Ļͦġ
ܵܡС
ưС㣺磬ʲô¶
㲻ŵˣ߰ɣĸӦˡ
ȴǺһСԺӣסĵʲôˣȥһ
ͽȥĻ̫ðɡɺС
ǾšСžžš
Ĺתͷ˭
ŷֹͲʮӣƿԺţ˭
´ƣһƤѩÿĲһ
˭ˣһ۵
ȥһ߰СССС곤üƯ·ŮﾫĻƵһ㣬ַֺǡôд
ǻͻ䣬ȻСС곤ˣҲ᲻ˡ
ÿ
ƶСС꿴
ССҲƿ
㿴ССֿ꣬ƣֿСС꣬ȻǰʣǺˣ


40 
ǶҵԺ, ȴǺˣССݵطʡ
ʱԼΪ;ֹ̫ס
Ƥ̽СԴֱ״һ䣺Ѿ
ССһ, Ŀ, ʣǺˣ
˫ֱȭ, е㽭㡣
ؽһ䣺ҽơ
᣿СС΢˼һ, ǴκĹա
Ҳ³СС˼ˣֱӵûӣҵܾܵŻӡ
СС깧˸ƽ, λӡ

֪¥ƹĹգʣ¥ƹӣ
ǡ
ƽȻʣǰѧģ
κΧң֮䲻оϵĻϻѧϰ, ֱӾǸĻӹӵѧϰ
κĻ̸ѧӣˣΪѧġ
ûͷ
ð, ʧˡ˵
òһЦӿˡ
΢΢ͷ, ƣܵܣ߰ɡ
С, ȥ
㲻ʣʲô
¥ƹķװӦͺ˵¥ƹһصĹ, ȵȷǳ, ҲӰ, ҵĴκһЩԤԭѧϰ¥ƹġ
ðɡС
ԸɡƵ
㻹ûü˵, ػһ硣
㣺
ؿơ
΢ЦʣԵԺӿһ𣿡
񴶢ƣһԡ
磬ߡԺӡ
ԺӼªλӲҪ⡣
⣬⡣߽СԺӣȻʼܻˡ
λӣҪˮ𣿡ʡ
㿪ڣƵѾ
ȡˮ
ʹκһģһǼһ㣬ûʲô
ЩһЩʧ
ʱ߽һߣˣͷϻڣŻڣ
Ѹٷ˳ϵĿȸëͼͷȵͼʱ֪˲򵥣Ҫ˽һ£ǲ˵˱˸ˡ
磬ϵ˭ʡ
ؾŻӣҵˡ
ʲôģ
ġ
𣿡
ʱġ񴽫Ƶǰ
ƵͷۣȻˮˮ
ڻСϼʹȰȵҲˮԲûʲôˣĥŸոǸˡ
ʱʣ֪λΪεˣ
Ȼ˵ôʿϳɣʵҲǸӣƺɵػص档
⿴һ£ʲôģ
Ƶ١
ŻڲͬЦЦ
ƵҾϵڲͬġ
һӹԸ⳯ŻӲˣԸˮȻڲͬģͷӦǡ
Ҳûʲôĵط¥ƹҲϤСܵܣ߰ɡ
ûоܾá
ŵлӿʱˣҲûȥˡ
Ҳûߡ
Ƶ߳СԺӡ
һСԺѾˡ
ص죡
һԺֻǵĿûϵջģĵǰߡ
ʣܵܣôôģ
Ƶ˵а취ɡ
ʲô취
ȸġƺȻס
ʲôû
ȷʵ˾ȸİ취ʱȷܲܳɹҲø㣬תƻİ취
ʱƵСԴʣֶˣ
ţ磬ǳԻȡκѾ˻̲ȻûϱӶ࣬ʵţɡ
áƵСߡ
ߵϼʱɻѾ뿪
ʣ̫𣿡
ش𣺡ĸͻʺˣҺ͵ܵߡ
أӦûʲô˰ɣ
ţûʲôˡ
ƵաټĸȳԻ
ӻĸܵ·Ͼ˵ˡ
ЦƵСãԻ
ƿĵصȴš
ŷ˻ĳԻˬˡ
ȻƳԲ࣬Ҳůġ
֮ĸ죬Ϳʼ˯
ؾˣǰǺ˯һŴˣʱ˯Ĳݡ
Աߵĸ͸ڵĸ綼ûѣӴϻشЬӡ
Сǲ㡣
һ˫ЬӴϾãڴЬӣȥˣù˸£תϵĵģ𻨸⡢Ӱٺϱȡ
ץװ
˿ԼҾŻװ죬Ҳûʲôԡ
ˣ߰ɡƵ
ʣŻӣȥĶ
ȥ档ֱŲ빾غˮ
ڿһ۵ӻ˯
Ʒ²룺˯Űɣߡ
ᵣġ
Ұ㱣Ұ
ԶԣҲŻӵ߶ģǵū澺˵һ˵
㡣
ƱŹں
ŻӣǵȥĶʡ

ܿ˿ⶼˡ
ţСССӣүƵǰߡ
ҲԼŻӵΪοŻֻСĸš
߳˺󹬵һϵǸСԺӣľڶ࣬ԵСԺԽĹµڣͲµ
ߵСԺǰע⵽СԺСԷĿϣŽա
ǰš
˨ˡ
ֻš
˭˶ֵ
Ѿƻش
ʣ˭
ϵŻӡ̺ġ
ĬһԺŴ򿪣ֳſڣһʣŻӣˣ֪Ϊ£
̺˵硣
硪˺ĸֶ֣Կۣƫƫǰ⺢̺غȻ£̲סͷ񴡣
񴻹ѣʷǷ߹ʣŻӣ֪Һ¶
Сڴʼȥ
ʺš
Ҳɻ
ȥĶĶȥأҲɡССһֹһͿڴ
Żӣʲô̲סʡ
ֿСæĲУŻӣҪСİң
ҵɡƿĵغ
Դƿڴ￴
Ӻˡ
Ƹ˵شӿڴͳ⣺磬㡣
ֲʣʲô
ƻش𣺡⡣
΢΢һ㶣⣬ʣŻӣ㡢ʲô


41 ļѾ
԰Ƶ
û
ƵúóԵġ
Щӡ
ŰϰԼСӵ, ûгʱЩ˼ɣֱӾС
ƣ֪˵ʲô
۾ġ
Ҳϲġ
ƴһµҪ, ̫𡣡
û˵
Ű, ˡ
ʳеɻ󣺡Ϊʲôң
ΪҺˮˮɡԺˮ, ͻ⡣
Զԡ
, ɡתȻֻͷ⣬Ǿϵѿ
˵ʲô
ƸᣬŤͷߡ
Ҳû˵ʲô
ֿƵСӰ, Ŀתе⣬κôã⻹ǵһյ͵ĳʳ, Żʲô˼
֪
ҲǸĺӣҲʲô˼
Űɡûж˵
ǡ
Ժӡ
ԺŵһС˶˵Ļ
ǵġ
һĺӣʲô˼أҪժͷϡ项ñӰ, Բ˺ġ
Ż, ȥĶʡ
ϼ󡣡Ƶ
ˣ

ǡһ
ԣ㲻Ҫĸ͸磬档¹Υ, Ƶ, Ҿ͸߻ĸ, ӡ
ƹŹ, ֪ĸûд򷣹, ĸŲ˵ģ̫š
Ȼɫһǡ֮־׵ľŻ̫ɰˣתһ뵽̫
Ƶ߰ɡ
Ź˵֣ܿصϼҲˣ˵ԼȥһȦŹĴй䣬Ҳûжʣʱ߹Ͱ˻Ӷˣڷڶ㣬Բİһϼˣߴߴһ硣
ƿ㵹Ǻܿˡ
ҹĻʱˡ
һš
ǵ˵ơ
ˣڵ·һ졣
ſڵ¿š
ƶƤˡ
Ƥ治ԼƤ
ܵܵƤһ춼ȥġ
ȥÿ졣СӾҪදһ
һЦɶ࣬ˣˡ
ƿһѣĸ
ţǺŮһ

㳯ǰŲŲ뿿ĸ㣬еɬ
ƿͼˣԼǴˣӦǰĸλСһ
ʵСԣҪĸġ
Ƽĸҡ
СһĸҪЦš
ĸңҡƸоԼƤԽԽˡ
úúãĸ㱧㱧Ʊϡ
Ҳ磬Ҳ硣ָ㡣
㻹Щ˼
ЦãҲ硣˳Ҳ㡣
ֵĸ£¡
㵹ǻʹˡЦ
һСԴļͷʾԼʹˣ¡
˵ƣʵۣȻ㽲
ƿĵš
Ҳϲá
Ҳ㡣
½һ˯ݣڶţȥȰһȰͿ̫ڵȲ衣
ĸƺ
̧̫ͷСӣ²룬վƶ
ĸɿ֣һ̫ܵǰס̫ȣͷ̫󣺡ĸȥĶɣ
̫Ʊȥ̲ˡ
̲ʲôƺԥʡ
ֱ̫Ӵ̲ûµġ
£ʹޡ
̫Цʣ˵һĸˣ
ţĸưС̫ϣ̫ദôãʵʵ̫ܵĺãҲİ̫̣첻ͺġ
̫ůڵģⶬůһůòһ飺ĸˣ
ţ롣
룿
롣̫
С۵ģ̫Ц̫ӣϽֹ˺ˣˣĸƤڣˡ
ĸڣĸÿ
ƨĵġ
ԱЦ
̫ЦƺһĿ䵽ϡ
˵̫ϲܵܣû뵽ϲֵزˣܵƤɵþһ£յ̫Ŀ⣬̻Ͻ񣺡㣬μĸĸ򸣽𰲡
ɡ̫
Ʋ廰ĸϵҸ硣
ĸ֪̫ҿ
̫ǰ
̫ŵƶе񡣡
ƵͷǶÿ
ǣǶÿ̫ЦЦת㼸⡣
㶼ʵش
˵ǰȥ˷ã
ǡ
Σ
Сվıֱһֱʦֵѧϰ
ţ̫ͷ
ƿȻã̫ˣûд̫ĵ㣬̫ûʲôͬʱ߹Ͱ˻Ҳˡ
̫һϷȫȺģ̼죬ʶչĺãҪ̫ϲ㣬ûʲôЧ
һֱš
ƻһ֮Щˣ߹Ͱ˻ҲڴȰ˯ֵ˯
㿴̫
̫ƶɡ
Ȼ˾˯˴Ȱ
ٴʱΧƿ˿˯㣬Ȼ
ƶûУ̫
ûУӹ˯ءֵŻǸظģһֱӵĸ첲
ƶˣֻӡ
̫˵Ӳ飿Сʡ
̫ûнӻ
ȰһӶʲô˵ˣ߽ôԶսʱѾսܣӵһ찡
̫֣㲻¶
ǡ
ʵ˵ˣջлϢ˳ǲ֮ˣ֪Ӻɲɾճˣ
̾Ϣһ
ƽζԻװףҲ֪ŵʱСӰֶ̫޷١
ժ项ñ֮ǰǲܵõ̫ϲԺҲɾͣǿչʾĺãҲûʲôôǵöˡ
ûùĵغˣ̫һȫȺػصȰġ
һ֥ţ
ó𣿡̫ʡ
óԡưװ׵Сʣĸ㻹𣿡
ˡ̫ʲôԹҲһġ
áСһ죬ץһ֥ţڴץץ
ۿҪץˣ̫ϽʣƶǸʲô
ҳԡ
̫ʣܳô𣿡
Ȼص·ϳԣؼҳԣ˯ԣҲܡҼļѾ


42 ͦɰ
̫󲻽ʣƽﶼ𣿡
Ƶа, ƽվʹöԵġ
Уԡ̫ƶˡ
ǰʣŻӣЩ
ɹɡưһ֥ţװˡ
ƶ, ҪҪóӸһЩ̫ʡ
, Һͻĸһԣ
ʱ򶼲ĸ, ̫, ü۶ˣƵСúúã
ջҪӴҪ
Уһĸͺͳ˵
, ĸһȥɣҪú˯ม
ĸһú˯̫ˣ̫ϲõĲˡ
ɡ
עⰲȫϼ, ͻĸ˵һ
Ѿ
ƺ뿪˴Ȱ
·ĳ˰֥ţʣ°˰˻ӣصϼָ顣
ֻʣˡ
̧˿ɫ, ̫ɽжʱ, ĸڸţ׼ѣתͷĸ, ҳȥ档
㲻Ǹջ𣿡ʡ
ȥɡ
춼Ҫ, ͲҪȥ, òã
Ҳƾܾ
ܵ, ȵ, һȥ
Ҫ㣬ҴȥĸҺܿߡ
ƶ
ĸҪĹ
Źܳϼһ·ܳ˺󹬣๬˶ˣҲϰںﵽܣҲ֪̫ܵ谮Բû˾ʲôԵĵط
ܿ˷Է
ɹţһš
˭ʡ
Ѿƴ
ζûͣپͰŴˡ
ֺǺǵ˵硣
Сȥֵ
Ƶͷ
ûһˣǳɫѣ򵥵ģȴ˵ΣƸ˵ػ硣
߹˸ƽ񣺡Żӡ
Ƽ״Ҳһ
ʣŻӽǰΪ£
֡
õķǳã֪˶ΣƾЧֿʼС֣ڴͣ͡
֣
񴣺
ͳ֥ţһ
񴿴е֥ţҲ֪Ż·Ͼʲôһ֥ţƤһЩǿȥԾǺÿģɼǳӾġ
԰ɡƵ
Ҳԡ
ϵ̵ģƸϽͣҳԹģúóԣ
΢΢һ£û뵽ǰССľŻӣȻǵϲģһ˿ů漴ָֻƽʣΪʲôͣ
ΪϵѾ
ѣ졣
ƵͷѾ˵İɣ
û˵ģ˵ġ˼ǲѡ
Լһ߼ǳ˵԰ϵ˵ģ˵ϵѣǾϵѾ
񴣺
֣
ɣ԰ɣɣȥͶֵı飬ƴŹ뿪˷ԷȻһ
Ѹ㣬߹ټһ˻ӶûһѸ㡣
սǺõġ
ÿձ任ɸˮǡ㡢ƤԵȵȣЩ˽ȥ͵ģĹˣҲû֪
ûʲô仯ӡ

̾Ϣ
ƶСС̾ʲô̾Ϣ̲סЦʡ
ܵǲΪѩˣȥĸǶˣϵСǰ顣
ϵƴ
̾ʲôʡ
ȥ档˸ɡ
̫䣬Ҫȥ棬һĸ
ʲôưСʡ
㵹ˮǹĶ˵պ˾Щôӭꡣ
ʲôأ
ĸҲ֪˵껰²ˡ
һ˾ظȻͿ˾̧˲ٶƥΡ˪̿סɹˮȵȡ
öడƸпһ䡣
Żӣֻ˾ָģ̫Ǳһݡ˾˵
תһֽһЩƷߡǡӷۡɹġ˪̿ȵȡ
ĺö࣬Ϊ̣
ĵձȥĸǶл
ǡ˾˵һµӡ
û⣬˾˵ǶԵģͼλ˺ȿȲůһů
ǵûȥŸܵǹꡣ
УǱҲˡ
˾һߣƱ
Ϻõ˪ֿ̿һ׷ɵѩ⡣
ȵĸ˯ԺִӴȻڹһӣ߽ⷿװһЩɹӡԲǺ˪̿
һСװе࣬ЩƲȥһЩ
Żӣ͵Էʡ
ǰƴ
̫ðɡ˾Щͦϡġ
Ϊʲôã
֪ˣġܹ˺˽жΣǴδεġ
Ƶģϵĸҵģҵģ
ԥǡ
㲻Ҫϵ˷ģһһĸ˵
ǵ
ɣߡ
Ųǰš
ֻСĸš
һЩ߲ˡ
˵Żӣ㻹߶𣿲ū澱ɡ
ƿ˿صĻѩȷʵѣðɡ
ǹ˱ƣƱŲһԷǰţ˺һ涼ûзӦ
֣ϵѾƺ
ûзӦ
磬ɣֺ
ûзӦ
ſŷԺӿԺѩߺˣʱЩӣǰͶѧʱݼ⣬󲿷ʱ䶼̫ѧϿεġ
ҲٵˣԹ˵߰ɡ
᲻ᶪʡ

Ż˵ǡ
ƹһˣѩڷ裬һʱͶһ̫ѧ
ӣ䰡ִֵ
񴵭ءšһ
ֹǰߣһȡů
š
ףѩôнӡ̾ôСĽӡǲʲôҰ޳û
ǾŻӡ
תԱ߻дӡܿƺ͹˵Ľӡƽǰôˣ
ȥ
˼ӿŲߵԷǰűϹһĲſɰĻ޺ơ
ǾŻӹҵģʡ
顣ǰһժ
ʲôԵģ
񴿴һ۵Ƚȥ
߽Ŵ򿪲
ֿиɹӡԲǺ˪̿ȵŻ͵࣬˪̿衣
ͷ
ûһֺһΧڻǰһӣݸ񴡣
Ҳ԰ɣɽһˡɽˡ
ֳһӵӣ쳢һֶ֭
񴽫һӷУһҧ֭ˮ˲뵽Ƶӡ
ССһţ˵̺ģÿ첻ģŹӣС뿪
ͦ͡ɰġ


43 Ͳ
ͦɰƻصϼ, ۵ĺġ
˵ˮݹ
ֻСţꡣ
ݿһۣӻû, ŻҪҪҲ˯һ˯
һ, , ͷ, Һ͸˯
ū澰Ьӡ
ƻЬӣǶ̫ˣֽޣ´¾رѾ, ҲʹӦ˹˵ĻŹŵ߽ݣЬӡ
棬СԹ˵߰ɣҲȥ˯һ˯, ˯һ˯á
ǰһūȸǱӡ
Ƽش𣺡Ҽļǣļǣ߰ɡ
ôС, Ҳ뾪, Сūˡ
߰߰ɡưС֡
ģɰˣЦ뿪
ŵıѣǲŵ, 㻹Ǹо˶, Ժ۾, ػܵܡ
šӦ
Ҫ, Ǻá֮, ΪƤĵܻܵû˯ţָƸǺñӺ§Ƶܵܣ˯ɡ
㻳еů
Ǻø簡
ͻȻԼһжôôֵãпһȻ۾ܿ˯Ҳ֪˯˶ãԺزŪ
۾ĸ΢Цڴߡ
ƶˡػ
һ
𴲺òãȻ˯ˡš
šڱС첲Сȶˣֻո˯ѵСè䡣
ֻСèƵС
ĸҸո̿ɡ̹Լ˪̿ɹ֮ģ֪֮󣬻ϼ۵ˡ
ЩʲôƱʡ
ƴ𣺡ѡ
͵̫˰ɣ
ٰ
룬ҲȷС˵һٵģתʣĸѣ
ҲĸСӵԣ
ʣΪʲôĸأ
ΪԺ˵
ЦƿеġѡҲǺ֮ģԲ⣬Ҳ˪̿죬ǿʼƴѡ
Ҳûж˵ܿ˿ûзĴڣʣĸأ
ȥ鷿顣̫ѧɣҲѾ꣬ڷøŷѧ֪ʶЩÿնһЩʱ俴дֵġ
ùƵ
ǰԺ̫ѧҲҪùƴЬӡ
Ƶͷ
ڲùĽ̫ѧ¶أѣҲûȥ㣬ֱȥ߹ˣ
ûѩˣ߹˻㹬ůڶִȥ˴Ȱ
Ȱĳӷǳ۶˵֥ţóԣճӲ֥ţֳ˼ζģζȴû֥ţá
׼Ľܺúȡ
ƺһڣĴָĸúȡ
ϲͺáĸϲԣȣТ˳ֿɰСأ̫ϴЦݡ
ư͵̫ߣĸҲȡ
̫Բȱʣµģ¡ۡ
ȴֹһγԹҨĲ˺Ͷ˵ʱȻøɾҨеĽһڡ
ζȻζںϵķǳãȽůůģòζƶĻͺȺ
šƵͷ
ָָ̫ϵĵĵһ㶼ȥɡ
ҳԲɡƵ
㶼¶ԼͳԲˣ
̫ɡָŽҾʹ
С
Сָ֣쿪Ȼ
̫ʶһ̫Цãƶʹ
Ҿʹ
úúã
Ͳװ
УͲװ̫󶼴Ӧ
Ƶͷ̫һһ¡ǱߵĹ˹̫ʾĩ¶ӡ
ƱûмڴȰͲһ뿪Ȱ
صϼ󣬱㽫һȡ
ղȥǶһˣʱ˷磬䣬һͲůˣ治
ٸĸһͲʣ¶ϵҵġƽͲ
״ⶺ棺ʣµĶĸɡ
֪棬С
ĸ
ҪƳꡣ
Ц
̽СԴ۾ģƤ۵ģÿĲˡ
̲סơ
һ档
ĸΪͲ˺һ§Ƶ˺ˣĸˣ㶼Լš
ĸҾ͸ɡ
ģ
ưѽ
ƵСĸأĸ͹ˣʣµԼŰɡ
á
Űѽŵ̿Աţȵ˯ˡ
ŻӣȥԷʡ
ţ㱧ңұͲƵ
ھū澱𣿡ƽʱƣƶǲñġ
ƺָ֪֮ıѩص㿴ѩúС߲ġ
ãū澱㡣˽Ʊ߳ϼ
Ƶ꣬ӳʳม
лŻӡ
˺ͽˣ˲ӣǶûºûоŻ˿ģϲҲԸⱧŻӡ
ǾŻƺЩ
ѩԽԽۣԽԽ߲
ۿžҪԷˣӲᡣ
Ҳ֪ˣɡ
˰Ʒ
ưСŹ˵ɣЪһЪȥͲĽ͹ȥͻ
ūɡ˲ġ
վվԿҡưѹһλãÿԿԷĵط
Ը⡣
ȥɡƵ
˵ͷ
ƱͲվźѩԷſߡ
˿ţŴһľŻӣһԷüβΡΡҪˤˣŻվС壬ߵ˷Էſڣһ
ţ硣
ûӦ
ź硣
ûӦ
Ӧ̫ѧɡ
Ҳˣ׼ͲűϾߣյĲù˹ҵġ
չڲԶϢԼҡ
ű̫ˣСţС嶼ſľˣܼѵعűǡ
ѽ
Һã
Һ÷ԷªСűҲߣȻĹŵģһһεСţһͲҵűϣȻٹһٹһ
ԶĹ˿ԼҾŻӵӣ̲סЦ
ڷԷ鷿߽ͿԺѵ͸ŵŷ죬ԼһСſʲôֹӴӴһ㣬һ㣬ɣٹһٹһ
Żӣ
ڹʲô
ǰСת뿪
̴ߵſڣԺţϷ˵죬תͷȥĸͲ
Ⱥ
ʲô
תͷһźɫ멵Сӣѩһǳһŵţ۵ĺģȻС̧һ½ţĲȣ˻Σžߴſѩֱӿˡ
һ
һ̺ѽˤɡ


44 үү
Żӣ˾г
ſѩӦһ
Żӣ˸Ͻ
ƴ̫, ̫С̫, ֻ˵Сڹһſ, ֫ͣذ, ûʲôô
˴οŻӲ, ūˣ
ſѩ괭
۶ǾŻӣûע£һҲˣһ
ôˣʡ
ūû¶վ
ŶӦһ
Ҫ˵, һ̧ۿѾߵŻߡ
Ƽһԡ
ֱӰƱŵѩϡ
ѽϴɡվ壬һ̧ۿǰԶĹˣʶĲǹˡ
תͷ, ǳɫѣ˳ǰ񴼫ÿӣĵغ磡
㡢û¶ʡ
¶Ц
϶ѩָָƵ
ֹ, Ƶͷ϶ѩ, ССѩҲ֪û, С񴿴, 𣿡
Сͷ
ҰƺƤ
Ĺ, 㡣񴿴߹Ĺ˵
ѸС²һ¡
Żӡߡ
תѩ
, Ż, ū澵Ĵūûչ˺㡣һѩһûˤĶ۲ۣҪҪ̫ҽһ
µġѩͦģˤȥȻһȫûиоۡ
Ӵ¶ˣͷҲʪˣ϶ѩˮ˵ļˡ
Ƶǲ⣬йϵ
İ˵ĵĲˡ
ȥɾͺɡ
·ôԶз磬һСľͻȾ˷纮ҪǾŻˣɵģɡᵣģµǻ̫󰡣µǾŻӻܣһʱѹòˡ
Ƚ߰ɡʱǻ
̽һ䣺Ѿ
񴣺Ӧĺÿ졣
˴ϲµĵģСƶߵŻӣӻ˯һǵÿһ㡣
Сõģĸǲô硣
Ҫһ㡣
ãҪ£¶ġ֪˵ףŻĹ˵ļʾοȻ磬߰ɡ
ơ
ҲǰߣһСִһΡ
˸Ͻǰ֣ŻСһ㡣
ƵͷߵſڣָűϹŵͲˮ磬ҹɡղǵż⣬ʹ̵Źȥģûбһ
ǰȡ˽ˮ
˼ӵڣתͷ񴡣
ҽ鷿ɡ
Ƹ߽鷿һ鷿ŵһů㣬ű㿴ǽߵһŵ鼮
鼮Ա߻һЩֲʹ׺һ鰸鰸ϱīֽذڷţб·һ裬յͨͨġ
Żӣ߿һɡȡӡ
лл硣ߵĵϡ
˸Ͻǰƽ멣֧ԱߵĵϣȻƵˣѶǸɵģһ
Űƽ裬Ʋͷ֣һ֮ͨʣŻӣ䲻䣿
䡣
࿾һɱȾ˷纮
ҲҪɡȻκܿţ֣֮ûа취ıֻܾ˺һ㡣
ūһֱڻءֳ˴գֻܶ˪̿ѹŻӣ˪̿
Ҽƴ
ǲȱ˪̿С
Ҽǰκ̫ѧѧϰĻӹǣϲȱӵģ񸮷һЩǿԻǮȥ򣬲òƲǿԷʮּ򵥡
˲ʣ㻹ͣ
԰͵ֲЩһУ͸̫̫ĺңǺҶѣҪ֪ǳںĿģСӶůġ
ǹȴǲס
ԼҾŻӵΪΪŻӾ̰棬ҲͲˣרĿѡ
Żӡƺ͹æĲˣŽͲݵǰʣʲô
ϵƻش
ʲôģûм
ƴ𣺡ġ

ϵȺغɣ÷纮ɡ
ͲʣҸʲô
ƵɣͲ÷纮Ѿ
ڸҪɡ񴽫Ͳݸơ
ƿԼֿˣò͹˸ҪҲͲˣֽӹͲù˽ͲߣȻһӵ
Сָָ񴣬ָָԼָָ˵ˣһҺһһһѾ
С̺Ϊ룬̲ס࿴һȴû˵ʲô鰸ǰϣƺʲô
ƶŻͲÿˡ
˸ѷٿ
鷿ůְ
ûһͲ̵ð
ɣԺɣƿ˵
ͷ衣
Ͳ
㣬ҪţһٺȡƵ
̧ۿƺȸԾӣСѸոˤѩ¶һɶô׾ͿȾ鶼ˣ鶼źˡ
磬СͲߣͲ
ӹ
εӣԺȡ񴲻ʾСβΣ٣Ӵôβأ
һģͷЦ
ƼΣβ
ҲЦˡ
ƸɴཫͲ磬ҰΡ
ûоܾưεͲӡ
Сһ¶ȣͦõģͲʼغ꣬Ȼȣ磬Ҳȡ
͹һˡ
ʣϵϵȺģ
ͷȷʵܵůڵġ
Цɷ磬Ҳģǹûаɣ
ȷʵûС
ӡʱԺֵ
Ŷֺɽ鷿ǰߵС˶һ¡
ˣܵ
ȥˡֵ
úá
ǡ
ֺɽһۣȻ뿪ˡ
񴿴ƵŻӣҲůˣ
Ƶͷš
ſ˵ԼŻӣиʡ
Ƶ˵
Ҽǵôκ֮䣬Ҳ᳣ɣղžЩ򵥵ԣǰС
СʲôģʣҲ˵ϵ
Сӹעеƫ
һ£ȻḻҲֻǸĺӣûжԸСӺαСľ飬οЩӵڵĺůģûô¶ͷš
̫ƿġ
ô𣿡Ҳˡ
š
ҲĿģֱӵϵҾʦɡ
ʣʦ
Ƶͷš
ԼǲԶǧѧģûʲôԽġ
Ҳϵ㡣
Ӳˣ˭
Сָ鷿⣺ϸոǸүү
񴣺


45 ȸ
үүϵͷпȸ, ҰޣүүѾ񴲻, һ¡үү
ɽ
ûϵ, ŻЩ, Ϊ˰ɽΪʦ, ʮֲˬֱʳڣЩΪ
Ʒ񶨣ϵ
񴲻˵
ǸѸְСӣƽ͵ϵ㽻, 㶫ȻȻ󡭡
̫ãȻʲô
ƿ˿ܣù˳ȥȻźȻΡ
񴾪ȵʣôС, Σ
ƵͷţμȸҰʦġ
ȸʦое㳶
ţ˵Сƶ, СƶϵҡָָԼ
֪㡣
˵Сƶ, Ҫһпȸˣʦѧ֪ʶ, ȻͿԾȸ硣ƺ˵
磿, Ǹòÿˡ
Ű̺Ӧһ
ʣôȣ
Ҳ, ʦ˳ھͺʦ
˭ʦ
үүһɽӡ
ϸ, ˵ķǳ, Щ̹ǽӽ֮󣬲Σʦ뷨ʵɽһ㲻ͽܡ
ɽϵ˭
ҵˡ
ֺúۡƲơ
ֱˣתƻ⣺ϸ˰ɣ
ˡͷͷˣССҲȺġ
ҲˡһƵĴ멵
ɺÿѾȺѡ
ԻȥˡϿ͡
㲻ͬ⡢ʦ𣿡գ۾Ŀ峺񴣬ֻСèһȴĴ𰸡
ɽ뷨˵仰ͺˣӦֱӾܾƣǿϿĵЦݣ־ûʲôúڵġ
֪仰˼Ѿͬˣôͳɹһ룬磬ʰɡ
ʣ²ȥˣ
ٻȥڵϣյСȣȫû뿪˼
εذ˰ͷӦóȥˣһʱزȻȥɡ
Ǻðɡƺ˹ԼѣȻŹ˵ֿĵ߳˷ԷͷС֣磬ټ
û˵
СԶˡ
񴻽һ֡
ӡͻȻǰ
ʣɽأ
ȥˡ
ҡ
ǡ
ص鷿鰸ϰڷŵͲոƱͲӣЦЦ鰸ǰûһɽˣƵתɽԾܾء
ӡɽ񴣺ԸΪͽ
ɽ㡪һ㵡
ܹμǵǱȻǺԵݵġɽĿᶨ
һ£ɽǴκľŻӡʵǲɽΪͽ
ɽΪȻκľŻôˣκҲѧϰǵռ֮ǻҪҲǵļ˵ҵλҲܸߡ
ɽôӦͽ벻ģܲûѧϰⷽʡ
ûϵֻһԵ֣ҡ
ʣʲô
˵ŻǴκ̫۰ӣúദԺҲǺôࡣɽ˵
û˵
ɽĬһӣأ
̧ɽζصɽ
ӣ˵ɽ
Żӡ㻨үүرǿˡүү֡
ɽʱסȻϽӣҲʮ꣬ʮֵ갡
ܾ㳤ϡЦ뿪
ɽԼĺͷϵţڣģᰡôҲүү
Żʲô񰡣
ɽ︹ơ
Ʋ֪һѩ·۵߲ˣſڹ˵ıϣɹ˱صϼһı˯ţڶֳ˯һɰĲ˷ԷһŶ־Ϳš
֣ѽƵ
ţ̫ѧݼˣǶڡ
أСԴԺ￴
鷿
ȥ
һζûơ
ƾϷСȣܵ鷿ſڣһۿ鰸ǰдֵ񴣬˲ͣòſ
̧
¶Ц硣
šӦһ
ܵǰѿɰĲŵ鰸ϡ
ʲôʡ
ġƵ
򿪿Ϻõıīֽ⡣
ģʡ
ģкöӴһ⡣
ͷ۵ʣҪʲô
ʦ
ô϶Ϊͽ
ǲ¥ƹϵģ֪ɽȻˣ¥ƹȴ൱ڹʦĴڣһЩŵĶŲɣűμȸ¶
ɽһͻԵ̶Ϊͽܰʵԭ˵˰ٵҽôɰ˭ܾң
ǿţûЦ
ʣʦأ
񴻺һЦ⣬֡
߽ӡ
ɽҹ
ǡ
ûһɽ߽
ʦ˫۷غ
ɽһ
ʦƼߵɽǰ
ɽΪүү֣ԾŻӰһɫģǾŻӵ飬ͻȻڲɫȸи
Żˣ㲻˵ԸΪͽ𣿡
ɽơ
ưŰװ׾С̺һʦ
ɽס࣬ôɰСӣôڵóɫԡүүֹڻǵ֮ǰǽһүү𣿡
ţƵͷ
ô𣿡
Ѿ
ǽүүɽ
׹ɽͣæүүϵѧʶ度˼
𣿡
棺Ѿ˭˵ϣ˭ϵ
ɽ񴡣
һԼΣһҪˡ
áֱסɽֵʦ߰ɡ
ɽоСģ˲ʲôܾĻ˵
ɽ߳鷿
ɫĵСô˭棿
˭СƸɽߵ˺Ժ
ƴӿڴͳһƻʦ
ɽʣʲô
ʦ񡣡
Сӣһƻܵʦˣɽȴʦ񴿴ѵã˹䣬ȥⷿ˵
Ƹɽ˿ⷿⷿܶӣҲ֪ʲôɽСϡ
ɽѯʣεȸˣ
Ƶͷš
ɽʣΪʦ
صͷ
ɽģһֱӵĸоѧʲô
Ƶѧžȸ硣
ôˣ


46 ιҰ
ʵҸ粻顣
Ϊʲô飿ɽʡ
ΪǸ˵Сֳķָָ˵ġ
ɽĵط֪, Ϥࣿ
Ƶͷţʦ度
ǧƨοǸСӵƨأɽʮ, ˶, ʣ˵粻飿Ϊʲôأ
ͷ, һ˼, ˵߽սܣҸɡ
ɽ룬ȷʵֲ, ϸʣ֪𣿡
ҴɣƴӺɰͳһֵֽֽ֣ʱشȥĥġ
ɽӹ˿Ȼ, ָ㡣
ĵȴš
ɽ۾ֿһ֡
ʣ𣿡
ɽλģǻƣȷʵһõ֡
ƹԾءһ
ɽֽ, , Ҳ̸ϡ项ƽƽ
ưѸۺãװɰ, ʣʦ, ԾҸ𣿲粻顣
ɽͷԡ
Ƶʦҽҡ
, Ȼ󲿷˵ǹ̶, һЩ˵ֻѧϰı, ҲÿʱĽһɽ˵꣬ʣ㶮𣿡
˵е˶ʮˣʮеһӶͻԼı˼ȶˡ
װҡͷ
ɽҲľƲʦ㡣
Ƶͷ
ȿͼɽ°һ̧
ƿİͼ
ʶ𣿡
ʶǲӦʶֵġ
ûϵǾС
Ƶͷ
ˮľ
Ӧǽľˮ˳
ˣ
ƿʼɽѧϰ֪ʶѧϰ죬ѧһӵ֪ʶоûһ꣬û취ʦ͸ϲϽκļ֮ġ
ܵȰ̫̫ѯʼϸ⣬ȻԵɽѧϰ
Żӣʵ̫ˡɽ
ʦ뼸Ƶ
㡪ɽ˵ʲôһƴĿ⣬;ܾˣܿƵػشȷ𰸡
Ƶ廨š
ɽҲ廨ţûһڿ⣬һѧӣҲЩɾ͸Уʱʱǰ佱ơ
ɽڷǰ
ǣӡɽӦ
ѾŻˡ
ɽȻʣô𣿡
šͷ
ɽǾŻĺůİ
ͷԷ
ÿҺ棬̺غʦʦ档
ûáƽ˵
ôûãʱ㲻Ҳͦĵ𣿡ɽ
ǰǰֲ䣺ӶЦüΡ
񴿴֡
ָϽ졣
磡ʦ֣Ƶ
ɽһӦ
תͷɽֶˡ
ɽָϽ
վڳſЦݡ
ɽЦˡ
С̫ϲ
СܽϷһСӣСһС̳ơ
ʲôɽʡ
ƣʦͶֹȵġ
ԡɽЦеġ
ŻûУʡ
ɣϵһԡһ١ƿϵĲˣǺʵĶԡ
ɽ
֣
񴣺
磬Գ𣿡ʡ
֣ꡣ
ҪӣҲÿӡϵʹô˿ӡ
ûӡ
ιҡưС
۵ģ۾ģɽֺ޲ƿ񴣬ιƳԷȴȥӡ
ɽһȥӡ
ֵ磬㱧ϡ
񴿴ƣֻСӵСѾſڵӣС̧˼ΣҲû̧ϣ̫ˣֻ÷꣬Сӱϡ
лл硣Ʒǳò
Է
ɽֹʱ򣬾ͿƹԹԵڵϣյСȣȥɰòˡ
˿ģźš
ҼļԣҼļԡͻȻֶˡ
ɽֻա
֮ɽŻӣȥѧϰɡ
ҽղѧϰɡȻ˵
ɽʣΪΣ
СԴɣҪЪһЪҲҼļ
ǣСӵԼ
Ҫʲôɽʡ
Ҫ档ƿ񴡣
һůϵҪ顣
ƵҺһ顣
ʶ𣿡
ʶѾ
㻹顣
ʶ־Ͳܿ𣿡Ʒʡ
񴾹Ȼúе
ɽЦ
鷿
̸첲磬
ͷ޿κεذƱ߽鷿
ظŽ鷿
񴿴飬Ա߷顣
д֣Աߵ磬дֺúÿ
ʶ֣֪ÿ
Ϊÿдľͺÿ
ʲô
дʲô

磬ϵʲô

磬һĥī

硣
ȵ뿪ܾˣﶼ̺ġ硹ǵ÷꣬ÿġ
С̫ɰˡ
ɰСӻصϼŲ룬غȹˣ˵̫ˣǰˢ˴ڸУ¶ʱҲɽһҪġ
ȥ˯Ǳĸѡ
ƶôô˯ʡ
ۡԷܡ
ղȥȰˣϼЪһЪ
š
ʽκСˣ̫󡢻ʺһЩ˶æµһӡ
ƲȥȰ̫ҲԲȥԷѧϰ֪ʶˣʵʵϼţԱ˯˯˳ԣżǹһ档
תۼ͵˳Ϧա
־ᡣ
ǹϵɣ̫¡ۿϷԷҲֳһɵλһʱ䣬ֹˡ
Żӣ̫ȥһˡֵ
á̫ǰ
̫⼸նûмˣæƱĸ𣿡
ɣƵġ
ô
ϵصĺúӡ
̫һЦ
ԱЦĵҲֻоŻܹһ仰̫󡣡
¡ۿҲЦʣСţʳΣ
ƵظʣʳС
¡۲ȥһġظʡϸΪ˵ǡʸʡ
ʳ𣿡̫ʡ
ƿһ¡ۣȻſ̫ߵһ㡣
̫ȣһ㣿
Ƽſ̫Сĸģóԣ
һһȺϢ絽̫ϣôĻ̫ԽͬСһˣĸǶ꣬ٳһ١
ۡ
̫Ц
Ҫĸϸ磬һԻ
ôˣ̫ʡ
ĸͻĸ͸һѾ
У̴̫Ӧ
ĸã˵̫
̫§Ц
¡һĽǰˣĵСʱĸҲû۰ޣ


47 ֽ
Ʒ¡ĽĿ, װûп̫ʱʱ̫ѯϷ̨ϳʲô
̫Ľ⡣
š
ôС̫ýȤ, һֱͣغ˵
¡۵Ľ˼ʡ
ﰵˬ, Ϸ̨ʼĻ, δʣ, ɣ
ƶûпĸһ̫ôơ
Ҫſ̫ϵǻȥԻ
̫Цãǻȥ
ĸͻȥ𣿡¡ʡ
ţȥͻʺ, ƶš
¡ֻӦǡ
̫ơ
ȰҪơ
Ҫĸߡ̫֡
ˡ̫ô˵ʵررϲƵ
ĸƻһӡ
̫˵Ľãߡ
¡۴һ̫
̫߳, ȥ㣬ǵȰûһҲˡ
ĸ硣ƺ
̫
, ƶ˵ҪһԻ, ҾͰ˹̫
ǡЩн
֣ϻɡ
ǡ
ûһͶ, ڵĹԱ߷ƬƬ¹Ƭȡġ˵ȵȡ
̫λ
Աߡ
̵, ̫źƣϸ, ̵Żˡ
԰ɳ԰, Ҷ԰ɡСһкš
̫㶼ͷЦ
Ҫ¹⡣Ƶ
˱¹ŵС
Ҩ, ͵̫ĸȳԡ
лƶ̫Цŵ
۵ġ
̫رˣСܻڲůģøôֵã˵º˺ࣺܶɣӣҪţ԰ɡ
ѾԼѾ̺ؽӻ
˵̫һۡ
ָ̫Ҩһ衣
˺ˣ֪Т˳ĸˣϽ԰ɡ
ӳԣúóѾ
̫Ц
ư̫󶺵鼫ãҲɺܶࡣ
һӵ١
̫˵ˮŵųŵӲ˵ҲͰˣֺţɰĲ
ȴû˵ϲദּһӸ
ܳСȻ̫谮ŵ˲ʹ֪̫ͣǲϲģһֱǽС΢ģּ̫һӸϽҪ
ˣ԰ɡָ̫һƬ⡣
Ǹˡ
Ҳǡ
֪ԼĿĴﵽˣҪ̫ĸĹۣһ˿ŽѺãԺ͸糤ˣĸں֮ҲʱʱļãҲСĸҲҼС
ãС̫ƼС
ƽĸϵõģ
̫Ц
ϵԽˡ
ûãˣ̫һԺɢȻΧŻꡣ
̫˵һЩȻʱڵ顣
ţûһƱҵһʵĻᣬʣĸվҪ𣿡
ǰ̫
ҲҪ𣿡ʡ
԰
ĸҲҪ𣿡ʡ
ԡ
Ҳ𣿡ʵ⡣
ԣҪһμӵġǰϹš项ͷμκιѾڷһˣϲμӼ̫ǰվͺ¡ȷˡ
һȴӵöˣҪ𣬺డ
ƶ񡣡˵˼롣
ƸϽסС졣
̫ƶͱȥˡ
ƷСֵҲҪȥ˯Ҿ𡣡
ã˯
ʱҾ˯
С
Ӳص賿ʮ㣬κѤõ̻Ԥʾµһ
ʵڳŲȥˣ˯̫ԺĺƶƶˣҪȥˡ
룡
һ۾
һʣجˣ
ûӦ
Ϊجˣ§źһǵÿȥʺǶϣȻμӼ롣
Ƶͷ
Ͻ˸ƴѣЬӣҺƷһ׼ּ֮ĸ˵װȷûκ⣬һ˻ʺʱɻӹҲˡ
ܵܣƵ߹ܹ
㡣ǰ߹֡
ܵܣ촩ÿ
һ̫˶ģ߶ǰĲˣܲÿ𣿲߹Ҳ¡صѣׯصɫԽԵۿɰÿ
ŵܵܣ˻Ҳܹˡ
ӵҽղû
˯
˻ӵڶġ˵žҪǷ
߹ϽŰ˻ӵҪ룬ࡣ
ӵͷԣ࣬СһڣԣԼǳˡ
ûӣ߻ӵܴǷȻҪܷģ
߹һ䣺첻Է
˻ոƵ˵ܣÿ춼ĿֵģͲǸݰͰͲԷĺˣü䰮ԣһ˵첻ܳԷŵˡ
ҪǷม
ӵҪ񣡡
İ˻ӡʾͬǵ˵
߹˵գ۾
˻գ۾
߹֡
˻Ƶ۾ᶨζŨ˵ҲҾ񡣡
߹ֱͦС壺Ҳ񣡡
ӿܵöˣʤһ¼С񣡡
߹״ƵҵܵҲ񣡡
ĪվСӣϴҡ
˸ղŻ˵Ҫ࣬ȴߴߴ˭оȫʲôϣֱĸص壬ǲҪ롣
һͣվıֱʱʺ˵һЩصעȻͿʼ̨ȥ
̨֪ˮ˶ǣ泣ڷżߵȣЩԶ
һûеǿ̫¡ۡҪ󳼺ͻĻǴӸ򳯼̨ߣׯ¡
ӵ˲ɵҲ
˿ļ̨㳡ɡӺ͹ֿվš
ǰŵ¡̫̫ۡӡ
һ޹֮ļ̨ɡ˾ȵԱŸĵ֣ŻڵɽȻС
ʦССһ
߹ɽҲƣֱ̨
Ҳ⣬ֱֱؿɽ
ɽĸλˣϼļƷԼˮģʼ졣
죬Ȼʼ¹ݡ
¡̫̫¹ݡ
ƸŻʺ˹ſڵϣ΢΢Сż̨ϼˣ㣬ٰݣ轣ռ˳Ľϲݡ
¡̫Ҳʮֿĵ
żء
ָ¡۰ݡ
Ǽȡ
Ƽ¡۰ݣȻ̨Ϸһ죬˶ؿ̨̨ϼ˶ķ


48 ¶
㲻֪ô¶
ȴһ, ʶ뵽Ĳ顣
ɲȷľ˭
¡ۺ̫
¡ۺ̫ûʲôӦ
˷Ŀ֮Ǳȣһ׵̡
Ƶ˸¡̫ͷٿͷ

˴Ӽ̨¡̫̫
λض, , Σ¡ʡ
˽˳, ֻмЩСۡ
Ŷ¡ʣǺβۣ
ʮֽ, ݳȲһ̫㱨
У߰ɡ
¡̫̫Ӻ뿪㳡
Ƶ
˼㳡ҾûôԼ, ԻصԵĹ߹˻ӵҪˣû̻عܵƸǰ
ܵܣҺһȥϼ󡣡߹
ӵҲȥ, ö
ǴϿʼغͼѾ󣬲ֹӶ, ߹Ͱ˻Ҳ, һҲȥϼš
ϵҲȥϼ󡣡Ƶ
ȥĶһʡ
ȥȰѾ¡۸̫󳯴ȰߣôһĽ, һȥȰ㱨, ÿȥһ
ȥĸǶ˻ʡ
šƵͷ
ʣھȥ𣿡
ƻش𣺡ϵ
Ҳȥ߹
ȰԶมƵ
Ҳµġ߹
·ǻġƵ
ҿԵȰٳԡ
Ӱ˻Ӽ߹, ǾԼӺ, Ҳ, ˵Ҳȥ
߰ɡƵ
ܵܣ֡߹סƵ֡
ƽָˡ
Ͱ˻һ
˻Ȩ⣺ŵܵɡ

㣬Ҫ֡˻ӵ
ȥ߹֡
˻麰㣬Ѽ֡
ֻ˰˻ӵС֡
һš
ܵȥģͻȻˣϽʡ
ȥĸǶԷƻͷ
ʲôʱ
ҲջĿʱĸϵĵǣ֪ĸǵġ项Ҳ֪Σȿһûĸ˵ʲô˴ǰߡ
һȰ˻顣
ð߹Ӧ
벽Ȱߡ
ʼʱߵǽһţ˶û߸ģҲˡ
˻ָյƵȰ
ʣ˵ܵܣˣ
˻æûС˵·ϲġ
˵ȡ
ΪΪ԰
½ۣԾǶѽ
ҲҲܳԺö࣡ǿؽӻ֤ԲǶ
޷
˵ʲôƳӰ߶תͷȥǼ˳ߡ
ӡ߹˻ӡŻӡ
ȻǺӣĹ͢ǶǶõģͬ
ˣȥĶѾ̺ʡ
ȥº̫󡣡ش
ҸʻĸʲôѾưСʡ
֪ǰľŻ̫谮ӣλǳߣ֮ܵǵ㱨֮¡
Ǽ̨Ϸ¶ԼСӣʣʲôѾ
Żӣúͱ̫˵
ǡǺðɣ͸ʻĸ˵ɡ˳ŵ
һΪóľŻǸ벻ŻԺ󣬿ͨþŻǸģ¾ؼ֣ǳһ
šƵͷ
ˡ
ƵҲ߰ɡ
˿첽ȰߣߵȰſڡ
˵¡̫˵ͻȻִǣһЩҪϢϽվס
ܵܣôˣ߹ʡ
ָŵϵ㣬öѾ
߹ͷһۣöѽ
СӶȻǳģǲֹһεؿϰңʳϻؼңǻǶССȤ
˻Ӷ˵Ͷ
˳ƶȻоûţװûгأͳ˷֣Լһ顣
˶Աһ⣬һ߿ϣûдơ
ǵĶԻ
˵һϳƣȰ̫ʡ
ǣԼ֡֡
̫󲻽ʣʲô˼
̫ڼʱԺͼ޹أӦúйءɽʦָӡ
ôˣ
ƺŤת
Ťת¡ʡ
͵ΪãԳδΪڷã֮ɢ
¡ۺ̫û˵
£̫㿴ĺۼϸ´֣з֧
ʲô˼أ̫ʡ
˵úӻӵ׻һڲĺ¶ŤתӵˣϴˢϵĲ֮
ϸ´֣зֹ֧̫
ССһӣкʸڹϣ¡ʡ
Ϊһڲ֮¡
ڲˣȻʸ֡
¡ʣʲô£
ʵֻ֪ȵǲ֪
ʵۣҲżȵʱǾͿ֪ˡ̫
һ
˭̫ʡ
¡ɺ;ŻˣκһǿԵġ
ԭˡ¡۾ܹ
̫ž͵˵ƶء
¡һԣҪδӣ
ɽʦҲΪؼνҲؿȴ˳Ȼɡ
ţǾ͵ȴӳŤת˵ʱ򡣡
ǡ
Ƴһ
մ̫ϸڣһֱɽĻ֪ɽΪ¥ƹְԱԲμӴκļ룬ṱ׳һƬǺĹһռףӾȷȡ
ѯɽŤת˵ķӣ֪ƵԢ⣬ȡһƬǣƣùǷϣ鷿Ϳǣȥûκα仯
ɽע⣬ɽĹǡ
ɽĹǣֽŵĹǡ
ڼʱǣڼ̨ϣĩɢȥƳ֡
Ǽɽ㣬ŤתǴֱӸ͸֮ģûݣк֣¡ۺ̫ŹϵơǾǼڲ¶
ٿվתϼķȥ
ţܵܣһ𺰡
һϽͷվŵˣŷԼ¹Ͷ룬ĸСˣ
ܵܣȥĶ߹ܹʡ
һϼ󡣡ָϼķ
߹ϼʲô
¶ƶ˵
˻ʣʲôѼ


49 ҳ̫ÿ
ֻƵ
ʲôأ˻ʡ
Ƶ
Ӻǰһʣʲô
ϵرÿĻƵ
ÿѽʡ
رÿƵϸ, ɫСڶʮһͼһģһе, ȥһЩ, ͻ, ȷ硣
ȥ߹
˸Ÿͣȥ
ǻţƵ
Ƕˣ߹
ͷڲˣ
Ӱ˻û, Ҳ뿴
Ƽ˶żԶҪҲ̫¡ۺͼǶ˺ϢҲûзȥȰ, ǵǻϼţȻٿƽ顣
ãһӦ
ƱȻϼ׼ʳ˶ܣֳϼߡ
Ȼ, ߽ϼ͸ܵˡ
ϵʳ˶ʱ˺ϽϴС֣˵ǰ, һ, һʳԵĸɸɾʱ¶
ܵܣǿ߹
ԶԶԡ˸͡
ƴǰ
ĺ, Ȼ߲Ѥõ, ҲǷǳرİ, ǰĺرͨ
ÿ𣿡ʡ
Ӷش
ƿǵ˼, Գ
Ķأ˻ʡ
ǿ΢һЩ, ¶ۻۻƵСС
ϵ˻Ӿʡ
ԡƵͷ
ۣĻǵһμ˲úÿˡ
ܵܣԳ𣿡߹ʡ
ɣƲȷ𰸡
ã߹˿š
ʲôʱ򳤴󣿡ʡ
ůͣͳɡƼǵھҡ
ܳ󣿡ʡ
룬һҶ֪ĲʹһȻһֶ֣ġ׼С
𣿡˻ʡ
ȻԣƵ
ۣ˸о档
˾Ͷһʼɢ˼άޱ߼ʵ˵ֺ˼룬˵˵ž͵Ժ棬浽Իȥˡ
һǰðܶܶļƻ͵֮ʵʩˣЩһתߵڣźɰ
ĸƻ
Ȼ
ĸƸϽǰ
ʣƶĸ
ţĸʲô
ǿһЦĸɰš
ߣô壿ʡ
ͷһֻһƷɰûߡ
֪Ϊʱ˶һۣڵ㲻ñӡ
ֲܰĵǡ
п͡ͻȻ
ɫɷס
Ҳ¡۸ʲôĸȥ
أ
ڿ顣Ƶ

ѣϵ˵ۡ
æԶԶԣǸĸĿ͡
š
ûţǰס֡
˲ＫΪȻ뵽ƶԺÿÿ飬ƶߣĪ
ʱᶨ࣬ߵӭĵµˡ
ΪǶĴ֮ģû뵽¡۰һ飬˵㲻żطãúڹ꣬Ԫ֮ٻطá
ϲʣ»бĻ𣿡
ĵµ˵˵ģʵѵá
л¡ҲʱģѾ֪ˣ̨Ϸ飬ǻ£Ǻ£̫ˣȻ²ͻȻԷôá
ѹĵļĵµǮ
æūˡĵµ˵
Цߡ
ȵĵµԶ¶ϲá
һѽƱһƵ۵С˵Լ£ƶĸˣĸǶ磬Ϊַʲôɻ䣬û뵽Ϊģжүˡ
ţүաƵ
ô֪ģ
ΪҾϵүա˳ڵ
үĸǣ뷨˵ͯ޼ͯ޼ɣðү
үϵõģðɣҲԭҡ
С죬Ȱȵģ˵ĺܡƵСЦݡ
Ҳˡ
ߣȥҸȥ
á
ƺһֱ浽
Ǵκݰ꿪ʼˡ
¡۵ݽ⣬и󳼡ʹߵȵȣ¡æ̫æʺææ
ûʲô罻Ҳƨƨߵظɵ˵ĺ䳡棬㻹Ƕʱնϰ֣߹˻ҲݽӦꡣ
һйʱˡ
ͻȻ뵽˺üûмɽˣǺ磬ҳȥɡ
ȥĶʡ
ȥǶ
˭
Ҳ˵һӡ

Ƶ磬Ҵһȥϻ
Һһ𰡡վ
Ҫһ㿴ɡ
ǡ
ҪģϵŻӰ֮У˭ʶÿɰľŻӰ¡۶ǵ
¹٣ע㰡
ϵע⣬ϵŻӣƼؾ㣬ײ˱˿ԣ˿ǲܳײģ˭̫ͷء
̿
ɡƵ
ֻýƵˡ
ǡ
ƳԺӡ
ͻȻܵʯǰ꣬ϵĵĶװڴֹóԣɣóԣҪɣ
ʱЦã־õܵɰģ
ɰ߳ϼ󣬴ӿڴͳһģݸˣԡ
Żӣū澲ԡ˵
԰ɣһ߲ɣѾ
˽ӹͷ
ͳһģ߳Աǰߡ
ŻӣȥԷ𣿡
ϵƵüȥɡ
ѾϰȥԷʵʵơ
ţȻ߲ˣҪǽմ̫ˣȻſڹ˵ıˡ
˱Ƹ̵Ȼûа׳Եĵġ
Էſڣ˷ơ
ƿԷԺڵģʦ磡
ûӦ
ƿԺţOO@@߽ԺӣԺһֻ˳Ұԭ㷢ġ
Ҳ֪仰ĶǵҰˣҰȻſоҪ߶
ʲô
ŵĸϽ
Ұ׷ȥ
Żӣ˺
Ҫ𣿡ƺ
ȥҰ
Ұ׼ƵģƹˣŲ׷ơ
һżˣСķɿ죬ܣ鷿ȥסȣ磬׷ңң챧ң
Ʊʣ׷ʲô
§ĲӵҪҡ
Ϊʲô㣿
ҳ̫ÿɡ
񴣺
׺ܽҰɿֱӷ𣬳ơ


50 ľ
ɣƴ󺰡
ͻȻ̧, ˲佫Ұ߳һԶ
ôôˣϵΧȹɽܳҰڵϡ
Ұô¶
Ѿ˳ĥ׼ɽתͷ, , ĵغŻӡ
ʦ, ׷ңƵ
׷𣿡ɽʡ
С
Ǿͺ, ھͰɱˣųԡ
Ҳԣ׵ص
Կơ
ƵңҲҪ
˵ʲôȻһ, ʣʲôζ
ʲôζƵͷԼ
ġѡ
ҴöġС塣
մЩĵˡ
Ҳˣĵ͸ɾɡ
񴽫Ʒ¡
ƺȻ뵽׷ԭ򣺡磬ϵϵɣ
ţˣֿ۸
ɶ, һҪȶɣ
̺˵׺ݵĻЦ
ƼɽҰץȥɱˣҲˣӿڴóָĵĵ, ʦԡ
л
ҷɡߵǰ, ѿڴĵģһڵϣȻɡ
šͷ
Ұڵĺÿɡƽʡ
ÿ
ÿҶ, ٳһɡһ͵ҧһڣóԡ
񴣺еɰ
ˣŻӲΪŻӡ
, ϴ, ʼˡɽ߹
ȥĶʡ
ԺɽָָԺ
ʦ, Һһ𿾰
СɽˬӦ
, һ𰡡
񴲻ȥģС߬ʵ̫ˣ߽˺Ժ
ɽֻϴɾļ߽
ƾȵʣֻ
ǰȥ˾ġɽʼտܡ
ֱľ
ʣǳ𣿡
ǰ¥ƹϲԿ⡣ɽ
ҲϡƵ
ɽЦԺһȥ¥ƹ
Ѿȥ档ƴӦĸɾ
ӭʱʦ㿾⣬ɽذտܣ˻𣬿ʼκʳ˼ְ̻Ա
Ա߿ţƨʦ度
ǱΡɽܵ⡣
ţ磬῾𣿡תͷʡ
ᡣʵش
Ҷ῾⡣һ
Цá
ʦҪôⰡʡ
ɽһСͽܸȤǱý̰һ߿һߺ˵עʱֻѾ̣ƮԺӡ
㰡Ʋˮ
𼱣ܿͺˡɽʼϣؼ˼ζŨˡ
ûϵɽôãѵ˵ɽġ
ˣˡɽ
ֻıƤƣ˸ǵݣֱ죬˶Ĳ涼ˡ
ɽһֻݸƺ񴡣
ֽӹŤһֻȵݸơ
лл硣ֽ˹
С̡
ƶżȴһȻһҧȥ˲Ũ֭ˮڿ翪ʡ㡢ſǻĽǽ䡣
ִ༦Ƥˮԭʼ۵ļⴥ⣬̲ס׽ڣ⼦ƤǿƵϮƲסúóԣʦ̫̫̫度ɡ
Ե㡣ɽ˵϶ˡ
ţҲԡ˵꣬ͷȣؿһֻǰֳһֻ˳żȣüȵ˵֡첲ͷȻͿ˺ÿ񴡣
˵Ҫֻֻ
ãƽӹС
ЦЦ
Żӿе㣬Ժ㿾ɽ
ãʡ
μûˣɽʡ
쵽ڡϻ˵˼룬ƲԼĿģȻʣʦʱϵʲô
㻹ǵ¶ɽʡ
š
ǹѿˡɽҲû
װӣʣʲô˼أ
ɽʵ˵ģ̫СǲҲǽ͵
ʲôأͻȻʮΪʲô
ʦܺ˵Ǻɽ
ƳءŶһ۲ɽı飬֪ɽûзǣҲ֣ᷢˣʹؿмȡ
ȿˣеıģСС϶ͺģڲֲ죬ƤؽСȥ
ʲôʡ
ҲƵ
Сǻʹˣȫûоܾ˼СӲС죬Сӽëܳ۾İ׾ÿ
ûмôÿСӣСЩ飬һҲᣬеϲƲסСӵС֣ʼСӲ֡
ɾมСһ׷ӵ
֪
Ҫһһָͷزĸġ
֪ˡ
ƲСС֡
ܺá
ͷ
վ߶һϷʲôģ׸һʳ󣬾鷿ˡ
Ӷô
ֻüɽռ¶
صϼ
ûһһҲˡ
ڶæµ飬Ƽ˵תۼ͵ԪڣҲǳԳԺȺعȥˡ
ȥ˷ãصпʼϿΣҲʼʹ顣
ճ߹˻ںй䣬ĸүƵģκ˶ǣŹůˣֵĺѾл֦ήҲԽԽ׼ջˡ
߹˻ڴؿš
СְҪһӰʽеģϧ˼ζβ
ܵܣҰ㣡߹
Ҳ㣡˻Ҳϡ
һΣѻģֹ
ôأʡ
˻ӵѻˣ
߹ԣ
廰Ҫٻ
ǣҪٻ˸磬ǱŻ裬ҺͽΡƷ乤
ã˴Ӧ
˻§Ż衣
߹ק
ĸǰκһһ𣺡ӴӴ
߹㣬§
˻Ӻ߽㣬
šӴһˡ½ˤƨɶգۣͿǻɫԲ
ۣö˻һƸǰ
ƺ߹
һġ塢˻ӵ
һ磬Ȼ治
ۣ߹Ҳϲˡ
ŵܵܣԳ𣿡˻һҪſȥҧһڵӡ
ԣɲܳԡƵ
˻̵ȥ󡣡
§ס˵üֵѾ
߹ͷԣ˵üֵġ
Ƶֶ࣬ٳԡ
˻ͷʣôأ
Ƶ棡
ɡһ
ȷĻĻ磬ܣӰ
ƴ㽫ϰѿп飬ÿһѿۣͿΪһ磬ͿԷ߲
п֮󣬵òľҷסпڣɱּӿ˿ϣƵУҲľҡ
ʲôϵľң˻ʡ
𣺡ղľĻҡ
ţƵͷвľңøá
߹ܵܣĻ
ƣ㣬ֻչ¶˱ɽһǡ
ȥŪľң
ȥĶŪ߹ʡ
У˻ӵ
ϵÿնġ
߹˻ոƻ죬ʶ㣬ͲӹȲ֡
Լգ߹
˻ӵͷԡ
ƵҲԡܷ㡣
ĸ˵ɾ͸ɣŴǶ˯ѹ˶˦ˣһǽǣɲľͷȻƷûûӣȥûӡ
á˴Ӧ
ܻȥȡ˻ӣûеǽǣ


51 Һæ
ˡ
û, 㣬ûеš߹
ټӸɲݣһ˻ӵ
˵Ļ漴ƵĶ, Ͻǽ, ԶԶؿſڵ, ӹĵĸƵ, һѸɲľͷشԽԽŨ
ϽһҪɣ
תͷ
ǰѸɲľͷɢȥ
վʣţܵ, ʲô
ָΧọ̈˻ֵᷢġ
˺֪кܶ
߹ûһεš
ǰ˵ܵܵݸҵĻӡ
ƿ˻ʣ˸磬ɣ
Ҵɣɡߺ󣬰˻ӱ߹߸˵ص, 
ƺһѡ
߹ʣܵܣǲ𣿡
㣬㡣Ƶ
𣿡
һᡣ
ôģ
Һ͸ѧġӳڷѧ˺ܶ༼, ˶ʶ, Ժ˵Щ
㡣
ϱǹӵģֶҲǿֻ, ûӳɹȼ˸ɲݡ
ۣܵܺ߹
ŵ̫ܵˣ
˻Ĵָ
ϵһ, Ȼɲľͷ, һֱȼ, Ͳơ
˾رȤ
ĸ˾Χڻ, Ļϲؿܻ棬ֱɲݺľͷȼˡ
ˣ߹
̵ģǵһȡƵ
һȾͿԴȥ𣿡ʡ
ԡ
ĸûƽʱĺö࣬ƺθһŲľҡ
ûһľȴ
ͳһôƬҶľװѾСˣһ̧ۣĸ϶ġ
㣬Ϻࡣ߹
߽㣬Ҳࡣ˻ӵ
ŵܵҲġ
ƿ˶СèһԼ϶ҲûкĶȥҪСӴһЩҪϸǺ¶׹ϵǻȥϴһϴ
ţһͷ
߰ɡƵ
ܵܣ಼߹ԶǰѵܵƷڵһλ
ģࡣĲ
㣬ˣ͸ҡ߹
šͷ
ĸһתʱǰվһˣ̫֡Ȱˡϼˡùˡ㹬˺»ˡ
ĸһ㶡
̫Ҳ˼ؿˣһСģ̫󻽣ƶ
ĸƺ
ڸʲô̫󲻽ʣѣС˵ǿŻǽǵҲûиˣһŻˣΨƶܵ˺Ͻ鿴ƶװʲôŪСġ
Ūľң֪󹬴ǹˣһصĽ䣬û뵽ǱˣǾʵʵ˵
̫󲻽ʣŪľʲô
ֹ
̫ʱڼׯܳһʱ䣬֪ľҲ԰ֲͿĨָ˭˵ЧãԾͻˣʣʲô

̫û
ֵҲһͷˮ
Ƶϼ󣬻ĸҴȥ
߰ɡ̫
̫ܵǰС֡
̫ͷһСģǣֻС֡
ֺȻЦ
򰵵̫Ȼ۾Żӣ
̫֣ߵϼ
ϼѾ̫СèƵƻԱ߻СèƵˣһ
͵͵ܳȥջˣŪ̫
ǳʧְϽ
̫ѵһ٣ȻƵϵϵ̫ĸ͹˶ûҴܳȥǶ
ơ
Ƶ̫ɣ
̫ЦţתʣĹأ
ư̫ԺǽǵСһ̫󿴣ĸ㿴
ǺĹŻƲĶմϸϸСС㣬̫оⲻһö
šƵͷ
̫ûмֵˣǼ𣿡
ֵһҡͷ
ǶмϵԼֳġƵ
Լֳģ̫ʡ
ţҺ度ģ
̫Цˡ
ֵһҪ֣
ôأ̫ʡ
ҿֶ֣ġָŸǰĴӵôôࡣ
ô̫ࣿ棬ֻ档
ţ
Ķôࣿ
ָϼСյص
ض̫Сˣȥĸְɡ̫ϲƣҲԸȫƵİá
ƺȻ뵽Ȱ˺ܶ࣬кܶյأϼʺĸ𣿡
԰̫
㲻԰ҺมƵ
Ρ
ҲӴ



˵มһĿǡ
̫̹Ĳˣ̲סƵСƸֻèˣЦСģϴϴɡ
˳ŵĸҲϴ֡
ĸΪʲôϴ֣̫ʡ
Ϊĸɡ

̫ľԼִ鶯ԽԽԽԽమߣһϴ֡
š
˺̫ϴ֡
ùͲľң׼ߵʱ̫ȴλϿʼȲˣ뻵ˣ̫϶Ǿĸ͹ǿ˲ϸ׼
Ȼ̫ʼѵ͹ǡ
Ƶĸ㲻Ҫ˵ɡ
̫ʣΪΣ
˵ǣǾϹңҾĶȥȻȻҾͺܣܣҾͲԷȻҾͶݣÿĸͲϡɡԼСӵƣʼ
̫Цã¡һźˣ˲Ҫָ棬ҲûдĴ͹ǣҪѵһѵƶƤ߳û֪
ƶôˣҲƶһӣѵһЩǾŻӹǷֲܣٵ֪ӹĶǺúóԣǾŻˣҲǳΣ´ϸЩ
ǡӦ
̫ƶߡ
ߡ̫ˡ
һ
βϼ˸лŻӵ飬ҲмͻȻþŻһĵؿĺӣ̫ĳ谮ٺòˡ
Ʋ֪뷨ô̫֣࣬߳ϼһ·Ͽ˲ٴľ󣬵˴ȰԺĸҪѡء
ѡʲôأ̫ʡ
ֹĵء
̫ЦСһֹ¶ˣµУѡأѡĶأ
ѡԺĵضҪĵض
С̫ƵԺ
ָһأͨնŶʮƽǰֲˣĸҪ顣
У˰Ļֵĵطȥ
ִӦ
̫ˣҲôˣƶߺһĸůЪһЪ
ҲЪҺæģ
̫꡹һЦСһæʲô


52 ѿѿ
ֹƵ
ھҪ𣿡̫ʡ
صصͷš
̫˳ڵǻĸǰ֡򲻿Ĺ
ƵСĸ, Ƕ˵ˣ˵òġ
ԶԶԣ㿴ĸ, á̫ƵСĸھͺ˵, ǵĹ
ĸ˵, Ȼɡ˰ٵӡ
, ĸھ˵̫󵱼غֵ˵κƵĺԸȻЦݺͰƣƶ, 𣿡
ԣĸȥЪЪæɡ̫
̫ЦУæ, ĸȥЪϢ֪СǸģҲЩڿʣͲٹƺǡ
̫뿪, Ʊ˵ǿʼ
ʣôʼ
ƵȥùͲľҡ
һӦá
ĸ˽Ͳľõյǰ
߹ʣܵ, ǻʲôѽ
Ƶװװϱһʪ
˻ʣװʲô
Ƶ硣
һãȻ
֪ʲôƲŸҹ˵ջ, Ҫгĵ, պϲľ, ؽ, õʮҵĵط, зѿ
ѿֽ֮С
ݴκ֮ջ컹һ硭ԽԽ࣬ͿԽܶ༢⡣
ô̵ţȻһݽͨ͸һװ
׼ʱ̫Сû취ȷп飬Ĺ˾ڲԶ
ˣָŹ飬ʮ顣

ƺȻһպϲľңһһš
˶ʱ˸ȵĲУ˵ĲˣŲŲ˻Ӹոշµ飬˵ܵܣҪ롣
ΪҪ룿˻Ӳʡ
Ȼصÿѽ
˻Զԡ
ûйǣպľҡ
ܿʮطݽϡ
ˣʮгɾ͸С
߹صÿ
˻ʣŵܵܣͺ𣿡
ƵУȷѿѿɣ֡
ʣʲôʱѿѿ
ҪϣƼǵò̫ܿͿԷѿǵžɡ
ĵشӦá
ߣǰѹ̧ءСץסݽߡ
Ͻֹܵܣ̧Һ̧
֪СӲԱ𣬴һһ꣬ǲܴ߹ԱоֹȣҲһСģˤˤ֮Ͳ̫ã¾߹̧
˻رŵظ˺棬Ҵ˵㣬߽㣬СģҪˤɡ
Ц
߹ȴضԴ
Сһõݽ
һɣͷ
ÿն
ƵͷãҪม
˵ͷ
һ֮ϴһ£ȥ̫
ƶæһ졣̫ĸӴشȰǾΧźתùţ˯˸۾ȥں¡ۻڷܵӡ
ûкƺú˵°Ʊ
ţҺæġֵ
æ𣿡
ţĸ˵ǸมСָſ÷
̫Ȼûв˵ĹУʱʱȥĺ飬ַԸȥ˭Ǹ÷
ȰĹǶ֪÷ǾŻӵġСĶһǲȤŻЩ̫֣ҲǵӺùܶ࣬ǲ῿÷æš
𣿡̫ʡ
ԣһĸɡ̫֡
̫оСһСֵůĲӣʣƶջҪæ𣿡
ƻش𣺡գҺһ𿴺Ժ
̫󲻽ʣԺʲô
ǰѻߣϵҵĵض
۵С̫鼫죬¾ͺʲôֵֹĶģЦҲ̫Цֹ
һֱ˰˻˸ԹϢһȰΪԼѾˣѾ
ܵܣûзѿѿ߹
ܽȥһۣҪöŷģż
˵ͷ
ƹϿ÷ţȥ̫˰ȻһŹֲ
ѯʣŻӣֲ֮ҪҪٷһū˵һʺֲ
һɡƽСֱ
ּ״ĵʣŻӣôˣ
ûô
Ϊα󣿡
ũϵģȻ󻨾ͳúܺɡȰĻũÿε԰￴ʱ򣬶ǱѲӡ
ƹ̬ʾںֹ
Ц˷ǰƵ˵̫
ģ»ũ·ѲӵӸ̫󿴡
̫ŶЦ
ƵĸЦһЦһ뷹Իһ꣡
̫§һС
ԱЦ
пҲֻоŻܹ̫ôġ
ϵСܳԵСƽӻ
ܳܳԣϾͳԡ
š
ţ˯ֿء
ʱ䣬ƶʮƽҵأŪˣʱֲûзѿ
Ҳżÿպ˵÷￴ʱں￴ιι㣬èù̫ӱ飬ͺѧ̫ѧ壬廹ȥԷ񴺰ʦ
ӹļḻ
ת۾ʮȥˣԽůͣİѵϱһİӣʱ࣬Ǹˡ
ÿƵ
ƇNɪС°ͣҾͺÿ
ÿˣˡпص
ƽӻţ࣬ϵ󱦱
ȻЦˣ˵໹ĸСƶ󣬶ĸС
仰ůбµˣȴϣϱӺⱲӵģţϵĸС
ʣСҪȥȰ𣿡
Ƶͷţھȥ
ȥɣ
š
뿪ϼֱȥȰ
һȰͿ˷ܹܵ
ţܵܣһ𺰡
ôɣʡ
ѿѿˣ߹
˵ѿɣҲˡ
ţһͷ
߹ƵСֵߣȥ
ĸ÷˻̫ܵ죬ˤˡ
Ͻס˻ӡ
¡˻ӵ
ƻͷ˸磬Щ
˻˿
ĸ߽÷ĸСԲƵĶ׵ݽǰ
߹ָܵܣ㿴ǲѿѿ
ƿˣѿ۴ðһС㣬ʮ鶼ðСˣĵصϵѿѿ
˻ʣ𣿡
Ƶѿѿٴһ㣬֡
˵á
ĸŬĽ쳣ļݽߣƵģ鿴
߹Сѿѿ
ţСѿ
ӴǲҪ˵ɡ˻ͻȻ
ΪΣʡ
˵ѿѿɣ볤ɣô죿˻ͻȻһĳࡣ
߹ԣСס͡
ƵȻ֪ѿѿᷳǺϵطŵ߰ɡ
һͷ
˻Сѿѿǲ㿩Ҫม
ƻС֣ټ
߹ҲС֣ټ
ĸ˻վһŵ߳÷عţһתͷԶ߻ӡ


53 Һѽ
߻һ, ߿š
߹߸硣
˻ӽӻ
ش𣺡ӦǺĸһ밲
ĸɣ߹ȥĿչ߻ϼֵ̫߻Ӹ
ţ˻ӵͷ
ǰܻġ߹
ԡ
˻Ӹŵͷ
߹ͻȻ뵽ʲôϽ쿪˫, ס÷, Ūѿѿ
վ߹ţԡ
˻Ҳſ÷š
߹ܵ, Ҳš
Ƽǵ߻͸ɽû, ɾʹ߻ӰǵǸ˵߻Ӳѣõȵȣžǲûм߻, Ҳ֪߻ǸʲôӵԸ
ǵ߻֮ǰϲҸƻʶؾ߻ŪѿĿܣ߹ȥð
ܵܣʲô߹ʡ
ϣָſ÷
, ܵܣȥãǿš
š֪ں̫˵ֱҵȰ, ҪһѺῪ, Ȼܻص÷ǰ
˰ѿ÷Ŷµġ
ƵǽȥѴӹϣϡ
á
ĸ˽÷, վӵվ, վ齵վ, ѿ÷ȴӹصʵʵ, ŷĵ߳, ÷
ܵܣԿš߹
УŪġ
ġ
ϣǰŪһҡĸˡ
߹˲䲻ҪԿˡ
ŵܵԿá
˻ӿƣҲӵбܺȨ
ŪԿףҼļãж
룬ŵܵСһֱܿ׵ӣҲɡ
Ǿŵܵܣúš
߹Ҫˡ
Ҫúม˻ӵ
ƽԿװڴġ
ţģ˵
߻Ҫʹûа취ˡ
ٴο߻ӡ
߻һֱؿߣյ߹Ͱ˻װͰ͵Ŀ⣬Щ֪ӣŷ糵ȥˡ
߹ˣ
ܵģ
ŵģ˻Ӱڳ׺ݡı飺ҳף
߹ֻСһɱڡӣرˣ
۾ˣ
УȵСӣһû˿˵ĵطСӷǵУˡ
߹ĵصţҵܵ˵ˣӮˣ
˻룬߹ȷʵ˵ġ
߹ƵСֵܵܣߣȥ档
ʣȥĶ
ȥӡ
һѾлˣһſССӹϣǺÿƵȥ
ô˵ˣ߹˻ҲʹӦ
ĸ߳ȰԱߵﴩ󣬲ӣһҶȣʱƿԶ߻ӵؿߡ
յĿ⣬߻ˡ
ǲ⣬ﻹǶЩ߻ӣתͷ˵㣬㣬˸磬ҿɣҪȥȰˮ
ܵܣôͻȥʡ
šƵͷ
ܵܣȥȰɣһٹม߹
ƴŹ˻صȰ򿪿÷ţʮȵǶŷ߳÷
ŻءЦ߹̫㡣
ҸʲôѾʡ
˵¶˵
ʲô¶Ѿ˳ھʡ
Цȥ˾֪ˡ
Ƹʣﻹ𣿡
ڵġֵ
߻Ҳڣ
ڵġ
ֲ֪˵ģһ仰˵Ҳûѯʲôģ߽˵һۿλϵ̫Աŵɺ߻ӡ
ƶȥĶˣֺҡ̫
ڣȸ̫
̫˲۾ֵˣ
ߵ̫ǰش𣺡ĸոȥɡ
̫§ƣȥĶˣ
ȥԱ֣ӡ
һҪʲôأ
һȥؽˮҵĹѿѿɣҪؽˮȻҹֹ
һ߸һ𡣡̫
Կ߻ӡ
߻ӿɡ
ɳ߻һЦȻƵŻӣ߻ӿԺһ𣿡
ƿɣٶں֮УòһУǳʮִŶׯȥǺܽӡ
ԥ̫ȿǻǰհ߸˷纮ɿһֱܺãҪ¹µ߻Ӹһ棬Ҳһӹǡ
ûɽӻֵһˣгദ֪ŻǷԸ⣿
ƺȻǰգĲʱϼЩʳã˯ˣҲˡ
Ƕ߻һƬġ
ԺܿٶǵǸڽ߻һʱϼȴʾã̫Ҫ߻뵽൱ĻӹȦ
Ҫ߻
ǲŮˣĸ
߻ӿ϶ԽԽõģֻڡưС̫
̫ſƶߣСһ
ưС
̫ͰѶƵСߡ
ƵҺһ棬ϵСϵСҾͲɡ
̫ЦУʱĸ
ƵͷɵԸ⡣
ЦŻǿʱллŵܵܡ
߻ӵллŵܵܡ
̫ȥɡ
ƴ̫
ɿ߻ӵסĸ˵ĻҪò
ǣĸ֪߻ӵ
ƻǵһοôص߻ӣ˾ȰջĿǰߡ
߻ںš
û߻ƣæܹƣװͰ͵س߻°ͣһʲô
Һһ档߻ӵ
棡߹
ԣ˻Ӻݺݸ͡
ҪġͻȻڡ
˲ؿơ
ưһԱߣ˵̫ôһģһȻҪһ棬һ棬߻ӻСĻͲˡ
С𣿡߹ʡ
֪ȿƵ
˻һ˼ӣȻͷš
ĸ߻Ӹǰ
߹źݻ۸ˣһ㣡
Ҳ㡣
˻ӵҧ㣡أ۵ģ
߻ӵҲ۸ˣĸ˵۸ǲԵġ
һ㶣û뵽߻ӻ˵Ļ
Ҳ΢΢Ծо߻ı˺ܶࡣ
߻Ӳ˵ˣˡ
Ƶȥ
߻ʣʲô
ŽţǷ
˻Ӳ䣺ֹ
߻ʣ𣿡
߹ᰡ
ľӣЩľ̫ĶͯģǸġ
ƷָһһѣȻһ߽ԺĹأѾڴȰ˵ޱȣǻҪһ⣬ɱɱ
η˾طȥ
߻ҲͦȤģҲΪ
ԺһƨԱߵĵϡ
߻Ӽ״Ҳһûпյء
˵Ķ棬˲͹ԹԵţĹúܺ桢ȻоﲻԾͷһһֻϸĶСϣȫһۡһ߰
ŵٿվ
Ķ߹ʡ
ҽϣ߻Ӵޡ
˸߹Ŀ⿴߻ӵĽţһֻ򾣬ЩӺش򽻵ʶ򾣬һǳ
߸磬ߣ򾡣
򾣿߻ӿͣͷ档
ԡ˻ӵҧ˵ġ
𣿡߻ʵҲ֪ʲôոų䵽ϣŤһ壬һδ۰ߵĵܵܰҪҰҺѽĸȾѽ
ƣ
ˣ


54 ֲ
, ĸҰ߻ӿ޽УҰ
Ҫ£ҧˣ
߹ضţ߿߿˰ôô
߻Ӱ޵Ҷ, أ
ƿȥ, ԱȡһƬֲҶ, , ӵԱߣɣûɡ
߻ӿһֹ, ͷơ
ûɡվ
߻ĿԼЬӣףأ
ɡƵ
Ķˣ
ǱɡָԶС
߻ĿǸȫľ룬ҲͲˣȻʣôӵģ
Ҷӣӵġ
߻Ȼơ
Ƶϵ, ϵߣҲϵߵܵܣҧˣ
߻ԾɾƺȻϸϸĶ, ͻȻ뵽Щ, ĸǰ佱ǵ¸ҡº͹ɡ
ѾԼôǣᶨΪǷǳ, ر, ôС, ȴ, ﲻɵ
ôˣ̫ʡ
Աߵɿ˫ͨ߻, ǣǿ߻վǶָֻ侲
߹ĸ򾣡
ǿģĸˣЪţ߸Ľϣ߸ΪߵܵܣſˣȻȻŵܵܣˣ߸Ͳˡ
򾣿̫ȿơ
ҶģࡣС֣ʵСֻģ
̫Цá
ɿ߻ӵܵ˵öԣ򾲻ҧˣʱĪ¡
߻ߵɸǰȶƺʲôƵŵܵܣллҡ
ôò߻ӡЩӦû¶
߻ӰСɡ
º͵ʣʱŻ˰ɣ
߻ӵͷ
¡߻ӵԴֻһ򾣬ߵĵܵܣĶˡ
߻ӵͷ
ڻ𣿡ʡ
߻ӳʵе㡣
ɹһǽȡһټ¸ԣҪдޣŵ˵ġ
š߻Ӧ
̫ͷƺɶ߻ӵĽ
ƾɵĽʽûչ̡͡ɵĴƽ߻ӲʵȻ
ֲܹ߻ӵŤת
ȻչʺϽ߻ӡ
̫ǶԲסŵˡ̫Ǹ
Ļ߻ҲǰҵͻСżƤһЩҲģɰĲ̫˵Ļ
ɵ̫ô˵ʱǳ檵ĺӣֻԸʱɳܹΪڴκֱ֮ˣˡ
ģˣҲТ˳ġ
ǡӦ
ˣǼɣǻȥ
ǡɷ̫ˡ
㿴ҿ㡣
һ˺Ȼ뵽߻Ϊһֻ۴ޣ˵ߵĵܵܣʱЦ
߹ߵܵܣ
ŶӣЦˡ
˻ӸЦ
뵽ǰ߻ӣȻ³棬ҲЦ
߻һ£ԸоΧķΧһܵƺȻЦЦɵġ
ǼɡЦ̫ã߻ӵ
߻Ӧ
˼ɻ
磬ɴ߻뿪ˡ
̫ѯƣƶ߻ӻС𣿡
ƻش𣺡ϵɡ
Ը𣿡
šƾɲ߻Ҳ᲻
ǻĸ㷭̫ѯƵ
áһСġ
̫֪ͨɣ߻Ӽ档
ɸ˼ˡ
̫߻һİ߻ӵԼĺӣ˽⵽߻ëķ˺ܴľȻĶԴ
ͬʱҲ߻ӵĹµ
֪Ǽÿ컶ֵڹˣҲ֪Ƕôϲ֪߻Ľų⣬߻Ӷ˵ƵȤɰ
û߻ӿǼӾʣĽ
Ҫ߻ԽԽãԲ߶ȥƵϼû뵽ôԸͬ߻ˣˣԽǸڲͬġ
¾͸߻ӣ߻۾ĵ߻ӵŷԸ̫ġ
߻Ӿʹȥ̫˳ԡ
̫⡣
һ˸ģ߻ӵԺ
ʣϵĸģ
߻ӵͷţҿĸģġ
߻ӿеġࡹ֣ٴЩӦ̫̺ӡĵĸҲҪúӿӲ֪
ܺóԡ߹
ŵͷ
߻ӵĸǽˣܶࡣ
˻ӵ度
佱߻е㿪ģ׽ſеĵģҲĸ
˰ѸԵĵĳ꣬ϵֽһ㣬ŷٿʱ߻ûٴ޴УҲҿƴȻ
֣ĹأʱѿѿѾһ׵ӣʺֲ
߻ӺᵽأȻһԼĿӣŽȥѿѿϣȻϡ
𣿡ʡ
ˡһͷ
ƻǵ˷ǿʼֹ
߻ڿӣ飬߹ݽϵ飬˻Ӽֲɹγһֲӡ
߻ǰţŵܵܣڵ𣿡
ƻش𣺡һ㣬㣬ҪС
С
߹ܵܣʮѿѿ
վİ˻ӵ߽㣬Ҫȵɣ
ڹæš
̫Ա߿ţ񿴵һԲԲſϹرĿɰ
ĸʲô¡ʡ
ֹ̫ƵĴ𰸻ش
ʲô¡ʡ
С˵ֺ
¡û˵ֻǼСӣ˵˵ֳʲôûһֿСؽˮҡͷʧЦЩֵص¶ˡ
ֻҪȰ밲ͻῴںԺĹ棬ǽˮǰβݣǱȹеĻũҪ档
Сš
ˣ
¡ֻСš
ƻǲ
¡ߣֺƶ
תͷʣ㺰ҡ
¡۵վ̫ɹţȲȣ
Ƶظʣ̫ɹģůѾ
¡ۿأһƬأʲôֵʲôôˣһ㶯ûС
ˣͳˡƵ
һԣ
ȻһƬסͷΧһ
Ƶվɣ
¡̧ͷ죬Ҫˣ޾Ϳʲôܲܳ硣
϶ģƵ
Ļ޾㣡
һΪ
һΪ
ϾͿʼꡣ
ڶһ磬˶ŹĹŶԣȰܡ
¡۸̫밲Ȼһ˴ȰԶԶؿ̫վںԺʲô
ǸߵԺһӴסˡ


55 ѿѿ磨׽棩
һ̵Сڹ, ΢СǲһССҶƬƺںƵ˴к
¡ۿʣĸ, ǡ
̫ش, ȿڣʣϵֵĹɣ
̫ͷԡЩǿǼæ, , Ⱥúֳˡ
¡۲켫ˡ
ŵܵܣֵĹ𣿡ʳ߻˵ɻ
Ȼȫֲ̲ǲûмʲôӵ, ԿЩСʱһȦ״̬
ǰߵԱߣСӣһС֦һʪ
߹߻Ӱ˻ӷ׷̽СԴ, ذǵʪ֮飬ȷֵĹϵѿѿˡ
ϲǹѿѿˣ
߹ѿѿ
߻Ҳǵһβ, ˷ܡ
˻Ӹ˵ѿѿɣ
磡
, úÿ߹
ԣ绹أ߻Ӹŵ
Ϊϵһֵģ˻ӵϡǣ
ԣڵĿӣ߻ӵ
ŵ
߹ҵ
ϵҼģ˻ӵ
ĸǵһղľҡպľҡ顢顢ˮȵһϵй, ֻһЩ, Ҳǳɾ͸б, Ʋסؼ˷ܵ, ߴߴ˵ͣ, ԽԽ
ȫ̫¡۾ߣҲ쳣Ȼ̫¡ۣ̫ĸɡ
ƶ̫Ĵָ
ֿ¡ۣʣɡ
¡ۻš
¡ûʲôӦӣѣʣ˵ҪҵģǷң
¡ǲǼСֳܹ磬Բ˵ʹ͵Ļĳˣûκ׼ǾϷԣֻʹˣʣ˵ɣҪʲô
ƵҲ㿴Ÿɡ
¡ۣ
ʣʲôѾưСǿء֡
̫Ҳת¡ۡ
¡ͻȻоԼܡءʹ̫ͣͻϾϵǵ޻ȥúһ롣
㻹ðһȵʡ
ˣˡ̫󲻸ˣ¡۸ϽѾˣҪȥ鿴һ£Ȼ͵ϼҪż
ллʡƿһЦ
¡۰һŸҿ̫
̫صͷ
¡ĵΨһĶӲڶеС𣿡
ȷʵ磬̫ͲˣǳͯĵغǼһ𿴹硣
Ҳ֪Ǹ絽Ǹʲô
ƾǺ̫ԺĻһпãҲٹע̫֮󣬱ĸ󣬶Ǳ߻¶Ͳˣעӡ
֪æ߰߰ɡ̫֡
¡ֻ뿪
Ҳûйע¡ۣȫעϣԽԽģȻתͷ̫ٳͻῪȻٳ󳤴󣬾йɣ
̫治
۾
Ƶɣ߰ɡ
̫Ͳù𣿡
ղùɡƵ
أʡ
ٿ
һá
ƺһ̫ȥǰԺˣﻹǻŹ磬ʱܵԺһ硣
һ쿴а˰ٱ顣
ֱ뿪Ȱڲˣ·ǻ۹¶ʮ磡
߹һԽ
߽㣬ϵһԽ˻Ӿ
߻ӵʮԽ࣡
۸ûˡ
Աš
·ʱҪظҸиˣǶСֵռƴŹ˻صϼ󣬿ϼ˸ֽ޳кš
϶¡ʹ͵ġ
ƶתͷˡ
ĸǸ͵ģʡ
šͷ
Թ𣿡ʡ
ôԹ
ĸҪ𣿡ʡ
Ҫʲôƣ˵һƱĵµ˵ЩʹͶǸģʲô
Ʊ㽫֮˵˳
ƶֳˣϲʡ
ϵ
ƶƵС
ƺܿĿŵöԵİ
һŵôҲԲꡣ
ӻ͸ѳԡ
ĸѣʣϵ̫ѧϿεѡ˵֣ҲʶƸɴ˵̫ѧѡ
治ѣ̫ѧˣһֱΪֻкһǴκӹѡ
ϵƺܽ
Ȳѣ㶼ǰصˣƫƫƾʮֵĻãССͲлӹЩѣ̫ѧѣĸˡ
𣿡ʡ
ȻԣǱ͸ġ֪ЩʹͣϼʹͣǸƵġ
ƻھȥ
ȥ
ϵ
Ҫĸһţ֪𣿡̫ܻӭˣ㲻ȥȰţɵҲƵǵĹţĸֻܿܺ׶һš
ţƵͷ
ȡһĲʳУһģһʳһˣһزˣ㹻ĸ˳Եˣеȥء
ǡӦ
ƴŹԷſڣŽյԺţ֪ǻûлһӣʳйҵſϣһЩè֮ģȥ
ˣ߰ɡ˵
ת͹Ȼ뵽ʲôӵϼһʯӣʳǻʣȻŹ˵뿪
ûһɽͶ˻ϹŸһʳС
ף˭͵Ķʡ
ɽ붼룬϶ͽܡ
ǲһ̫ѧϲӵĿɶˡֵ
ǾŻ͵ġƶ˵
ӿŻˣתͷĹˣûпκˡ
ûУдˡָʳе
ɽһȥŻӲ࣬ʶãĶд֣ʳһļСƶ䣬һʣʲô˼
ơ󵽣ƵߣһǵСţſϣͷƵСʯͷΡΡػģǿɰͷЦЦ
Ƶġơɽ
ЦŻӿ
ͷûСȷʵǷǳ
ɽЦ룺Ϊͽܡ
żȡʳеʲô
Ժһá
ʱҲصϼš
ó𣿡ʡ
óԡʣĸϡ𣿡
ϲģҪҲܳԵͺˡ
´θܳԵɣ룬´¡ʹʱ϶Ѿˡ
˵ʲôû
ظһ飺˵´θܳԵɣ
΢΢һ
ĸôɣʡ


56 ÿС
ʣƶľøԳԵ𣿡
ģƵͷ
ʣʲôʱԵ
Ƶϵ󹦵ʱԵ
Ҳ˵ʲô, ѿڶţĸƶ
ĸΪƶƲ⡣
ƶСǣÿ˵ĺ¶, ܿʵ֣
ϸ, ÿҪʲô, ͻ̸ж, ȻĶˣĸźһСǣҲԼⱲƺĴ˵㡸, ͷš
ơ
Ƽţʳ͵Ϣˣڶ, ֵ˴Ȱڹؿ硣
糤һ㡣
ม߹
߻Ӹͣöࡣ
öࡣ˻Ӱѡöࡹҧرء
Сöࡹ߹
ܵܣˣ߹, ƵС, Լĸǰ˶׳Сӣ㿴, 糤ˡ
һ㡣Ƶ
ʲôʱųܶࣿ˻ʡ
˸, 㲻ҪżƵ
, ˵ܵ, żûõġ
߻ӸŽӻżԲȶ
߹ͷ, ˾ͲܳԷˡ
˻Ҳ֪ôͷɢˣ֪ж۵ģϽСС͡
߹߻Ц
Ƶȥɡ
ʣˣ
߹Ҳʣˮ𣿡
߻ʣβ𣿡
˻СͿơ
ƵõģõĻһ˵
˶ֳ֪ŹȨԣǺȻƵĻһȥǰԺˣ
ǹֵģﻹǼǹŵģʱʱȥ硣
ƸҪȥʱԴõ
ô߰졣
糤ʮңؿһﳤһ磬һаͬ磬е꣬е߰꣬һʮġ
ò˵ֳĺǿ
ֻЩ̫ˣ
֮以֣޷ֻС籣׳磬ſ޶ȵӲ
˽õǵͬ⣬֡
ŻӼĶżŻǸС˾ũ磬Ҳѧ磬̫ϲ⼸СڣͰæˡ
ƶ׵ָǰСļ
ꣿ
ꡣ
𣿡Ѽš
ҪľЧԡ
ū澼ˡ
š
꡹£
۵ںš
ȵƺּʮ磬ͷһ˻ﱧ˹ġʬ塹
Ƈ塣
ֿЦá
ʣŵܵܣ𣿡
ﻹкܶյء߹һֻС§磬һֻСָԱߵĿյء
ʮµأ붼СԾʣ²ٿյء
԰öյء߻ӵ
˻ӵͷ
Ƶûиɣֲġ
ֵͷ
԰
߹ͷ˵ͻˣ
ʵƱ԰ɡ
Ҳûֹ
˷ǳϸذ嵽У룬һӭչһϣӣڶ춼ˣݻˣ쳹ˡ
һҲһǾͺһ罽ˮβݡ
ԽԽʵ
ؽ죬ԽԽů
˶˱ѣÿڹһԵúúȵúúãֵܸߣĶһ˵Ŀ⡣
ûкӵĵϲĲˣ̲סһɰƣͶιһЩ
˵ӹʮҲûǵ磬ϸϣڳ˻Ƕ䣬һȸԾ̫󡢻ʺǰͣõһڵĿ佱
˲Ȼ俪㽫Ƕժˡ
Ȼũ˾ҪũҷʺͲľʩʣĺԺģֶ̫Ըȥؿˡ
С൱ҵԾÿһ
Ժء
˻ͻȻһ
˸磬ôɣƳ˻Ӹǰȥ
߹߻Ӹ˻Ӹǰ
˻ָһĸһŵƤڻ¶˻ɫƤŵܵܣϵɣ
˻ӶԹӻЩӡ
ϵƵ
ɣ˻˷ˡ
˸ż
ŵܵܣ԰ǳ𣿡˻ʡ
һ㣬ٰǡƵ
˻̵ͷ
ʣŹô죿
ǵֲеġ裬ǷֹƲɣߴˢ²ð棬ܵ⣬ɫתҶ壬ͻ̣пܲأʳúܻж
֪Щ֪ʶ˵ҲԼǳ󡣡
Ȼһùһǰץѹźһǰ߶һֹƤ¶֮
ɣƵ
һ
ءƵ
һӦ
죬ûеƤĹٳ֡
ƾͷˡ
ŻӰվڻϺһ
֡Ӧ
ôȣҪ̫ɹˡ֡
ѾƵ
˻أѽ
ɣ̫ӡӺͺСˣǴִϡֵ
һϽ̫ƫ
ƫʮ㣬ʮˬ̫бϣһ̧ۿܽЦ۾֪ˡ
ĸ̫ܵ
Ӵͷ϶Ǻ̫һӣȴǽӹ˵ݸԸƲũ˾ĴǻҪİ
ţֵĹɡưС̫
ѽ
ţҳ度
У쳢һɸϡ̫հߣܶƺƫ֪ƺ̫ӡɸ硹Ҳͽɸ硣
ɸ磬Сӣ硣ƻ
Ӧŵܵܡ
СӶƿ
ѾֹԹһֱܸȤκÿնҪ̫ѧܹҲûвμӼֲŬȡ
ʣɸ磬ϣ
Ӧ͵ġ
СƶȻ
Ӧʲô
ôɹôڣĿһֱûƿ
һˡ
ģǰѽ߹Ƶ
ơžһźڣȫҶڡ
̫§ƵԣźڣȫҶڡ
ĸȫҡ㰡
̫ƵСڣСƶǰװۣÿġ
ƵͷʼڴڵسϣﻹǵǱڵ¶ͭҲȻܵԷɽͶ֡
񴶢Ʋ˵
ɽˣʦһȣǳһµС۵ĿԿһڡ
ֵ˵㡣
˵ʲôɽⶬ֡
ֵͺһ㡣
ɽͶֳҲûȻӡ
ƿ񴡣
㻹ҼÿС
꣡
̹ˣ
Ʋپڰףĵػصϼ󣬳˱ģԺһʳȻԡͰϴ裬ϴ֮˯
ڶ֪̫֮Ҫͻʺ£ûȥȰȵ˯֮ⲻôˣŴŹ˳ȰУ·߹Ͱ˻ӡ
߸أʡ
֪ܻû߹
ĸ˱һ˴Ȱ֪߻ѾȰˣ۾ڴȰſڡ
߸磬ôˣ߹ʡ
ʾĸ˻ڻǺʡӡĸ
ˣʡ
ǵġ߻ӵ
ôޣʡ
ˡ߻ӱ˵
һ±ơ


57 ų
߹󾪣ˣ
˻Сס
߻ӵͷ, ҶҶˣˡ
ˣѾջ, ȻȻصɿ, ǡ, Խ, ԭ߻Ϊˣѹؿ
߸磬ҶҶɣϵ, 
߻һ㶡
ƵԺҶҶϵݵġ
ԣϴεҶҶǿݵġŵֵܵǿúʱҶҶήǰžŵܵ, ѹӵҶҶġ
߹˻Ҳһͷûġ
𣿡߻ʡ
İһ
ΪʲôҶҶݰ߻ʡ
ΪҶҶʹ󡣡Ƶ
ʹҶҶ, ͳˡӻ
߹ͷ絷⣺ԣ
ٰѹȥ, ҶҶ᳤ֻ
߻ʣҶҶ᳤
߹˻һͷ
߻˲ҶҶˣҲĵġ
ߣȥѾƵ
һ, Ȼ, һͰ͵, ҶѾݻ˴󲿷֡
ǰ, ǿһµ߸, 㿴Ǻúõİɡ
߻Ӿϲصͷţû
ʲôʱ˻Ӷ׵Ƹǰʡ
ģѾˡ͡
ԡƵͷ
Ժأ˻ʡ
ǳԳɡƵ
ۣԣ˻һֱڴųԹ
Ҳԡ
ãȰǳƵ
ڰǰɡһ
У̫ɡСָָա
һϿͷ̫ۣϽС۾Ƶǡ
˵ͷ
Լ֮ڴȰһӣصԹƿţȰʱѾڴȰſڵˡ
һ̫˰ȥ÷СľӣСӣСñӣܵء
ŵܵܣôǣ߻ʡ
߸磬ȵһ£ȰǰǿҪǸʾ
߻ӵͷ
ߵǰ
˶Ա߿š
С֣ȰԱߵһſմ¶ƻƵƤ
ۣöѼ˻ظ̾
ôĹѽ̾
߹̾
߻۾СȻԳôôĹ̫ˣ
ӿЩ㣬һӦһʮҰɣһ߹ٳһٳһ˻ӣٳһ߻ӣԼҲһ
һ֡
ôԣ߻ʡ
ŵܵ˵ܳԡ
߹ӻҲܳԡ
ŵܵܣ滹кöడöడ˻ѾĳˣӶջϲãָӵĺöѽ
СԴȥкôģ
߹˵صСġ
߻ӵǳ
һ˰βվһѹεźðǹ
á˴Ӧ
һק
߹һ𺰿ںš
ں󡣡
˴ӦȻһ𺰣һΣ
һʹǿֲСӵĺǡһˡ
ûվȣһˤڹ
Ӵˤˡ߹
Ҳˤˡ
ϵˤĲۡ˻ӵ
߻ӽԭ򣺡ģˤۡ

߹еö
˻û滹кָܶŵ滹кöࡣ
˻Ӹ˵۾
Ҳû뵽ֵ󣬶Ҷ࣬һΪչ˵̫ãԺУźһʼקľڿ
һһŵضŵԱߵ˲ʱĵ̫˵ĶС
ƶڿʲô̫²ʡ
չֵ
ˣ
Ż˵ˡֻص
̫ߣҲȥ
ַ̫ӣվþͿСΧһҲ֪ڸʲôǼǰߣСӰһΡ֮Сˤϡ
Ӵ̫۵ط
СûвۣϽһתͷ̫һ𺰣ĸ
ˤûУ̫ʡ
ۡ˳ߡ
̫ſСຢһͷϣϣϣЬ϶
ǶؽӴ˶ƽϰյƽʱЩСһһ㣬⡣
ǽСҲ̫࣬΢΢üƶǽôŪôࣿ
չѾָСĸ
ֵ̫ĿתСĸСװĻƤǾȵؿƣ̫ʣЩģ
ƵֵѾ
˵ͷ
ֳô̫ࣿǵֻܹģû뵽̶ĸµʱ䣬ȻֳôĹ
ĸָԱߵкö࣬ǻء
ǵնٹ̫ʡ
ҲƵ
ǲ˼鰡
ҪܵʳԾȶ
ⶫܳ𣿡̫ʡ
ֵũ˾Ҳûмֶ̫ũ˾˹磬Ƿκũ鼮֪Żֵʲô
ǰ̫ÿϧ
̫󣬲ȹڳũ˾ˣ˵Ǿϵˡ
̫ͷƶĸù˰չ
ƻûпڣͬҪֶôãȵľջḶ́ȻҪΪ
ҲջѣŵҪ
УԼգҪ̫ˡ
á˴Ӧ
һҪúϴһϴ̫ϵۡ
šƵͷ
ƶһԡǼĹ˶ȥϴϴٻȥȻ·Ͽӹģʧͳ̫
ǡ˵Ĺ˻ȥѡ
Ƶĸȣȥɡ
㻹֪Ȱ̫Ц۾
ţҲȣĸ£ԲŻĸ
⺢ӾТ˳̫ЦãһͷˣǾͲչ
šƴӦ
̫ˡ
̫Ȼˣͷûем䣬ͣҲ̫ɽء
ʮ½½죬ȫյ÷ռһǽǡ
ͬʱ̾öడ
ָ̫ޱȡ
̫ˣ͵ũ˾
ǡǰּţ÷ũ˾ȥ
˻Ҳǰĵصųԡ
̫ȱԡȷʵûжԻô졣
߹Ȼ˵Ѿˡ
̫󾪣ǳԹˣ
ͷúóԵģ
߻ڻζġ
˻ӵġ
̫һףתƣƶҲˣ
Ƶͷɡ
̫æʣʲôʱԵģ
ǰճԵġʵ̫ûгֲǸһ͵͵ӵСȻȡľҵɣְѿõǳ
ⱸЩǣպڵƤ¶ɳɳĻȿմЩǣУܵĿڸ˲㣬Ҳˡ
׼һء
̫ȴȻɫ֣
գ۾
ŵСһ
Իô죿̫ɫ쳣֣ȥ̫ҽŻӿӡ
ǡҲ
̫һԱߵˣ̫ҽ
ǡּ˿÷
̫ƣҹ


58 
˹ԹԵظ̫ƫ
̫λϡ
СԴվ, һֵֻֻСȡ
̫ĿɨСֻȣŶ, Сֻ, Сһһֿɰ, סƱĳ嶯, Ӳػƶ
̧Сĸ
ҪչԵģȻǼӹСģȴģ̫Ϊ׼û
ȻƵͷϵҡ
̫ʣ˭ôģ
Ҽļõġ
ôô󣿡
Сţû˵
̫󿴵, ʣ˵ʲô
˵ĸҪӲá
⡭Сһ̫ץˣ
̫㣡
ƾ̫󷢻
̫
СţǰŲСӡ
̫ӡ
ߵ̫ߡ
̫һѱƣŵ, ƨɾǡžžƣƤƤ֪֪
һ
ƸϽеĸҴ, Ҵɣ
Ҫ¹, ̫Ҫŵܵܣ̫ͻȻˣƱʣĴˣ
Ƴʵػش𣺡͵Զ
͵Զ𣿡
ƹɵػش𣺡͵ԲʶĶ
֪ͺ, һжô죿
Ƶж, ҶԺüɡ
һж, Ļ, ̫û˵ȥ
ô, Ҳһƶ˶ϥãܲƶκ¶
ƶ˹˲о£ƶиʲô⣬ƶֺõվǰôʻɰģǸӦûжġ
úýѵһһƫƫݲᳯƨϴ£ˡ
´βɡ̽ӻ
治ˣְ̫
ɡ֪̫оֹΪã͵˿ڸ֮ҲΪκõģûĸˣͦھεģСԴ̫һصĸ治ɡ
̫ʱһͿȻ뵽Լոճֵƣʣոջĸƨƨˣƨƨ۲ۣ
Ƶոۣڲɡ
۾㳤ԣ̫׺ݵӡ
ţҳɣ´βɡ
̫ЦƵĶͷһ̫ҽˣúϼһӣ֪𣿡

̫§ƣٴƣҳ֮ġ
һһӦš
˶֪ĸ۾ŵܵܣǿĸŵܵܣŵΪĸ۰ŵܵܣڻĸ;ŵֺܵͺˡ
һһ
ִ̫̫ҽˡ˽
ǽ̫
ǡ
˳ȥ
ֽǵ뿪ʱ̫ŭ壬Ҫúð׾ŻӺúýѵһ٣Źȥãֱ§§ˡ
аɡ
̫Żġ
̫̫̫ҽǶˡ
Żǿӡ̫Ʒ
ǡ̫ҽ
̫Խ˳Թ¶
̫ҽԽӣһһ˵ӣءߡɫ۾ֽ̦ŵȵȣ㻨Ѱʱ
Σ̫󼱼ʡ
̫󣬱ְûз־Żӵ̫ҽ
̫ҽҲûзֲõ
̫Ծɲģ˰ø̫ҽʣǿʶǺúÿû⡣
̫ҽֹĦ롢ƬƷ
̫ҽ̫󣬱ְ֪Ϊ
̫ʣж
̫ҽְδκζء
̫
ũ˾˾ʱǰ
̫ʡ
ũ˾˾¹
ɣ˾кη֣̫ʡ
ũ˾˾ʣ̫󣬱ְһ䣬Ķֵģ
ڰҺԺ
ũ˾˾ź̫Ժд
ûǾŻֵġ
ũ˾˾󾪡
ŻӴżӹģûĳӡ̫ʣ˾ôˣ
ũ˾˾ģƬ̣ʣ̫󣬱ְɷȥԺ鿴
֣ȥ̫
Ҳȥƻ˵
̫ơ
֪Լǡ֮˵ˡ
̫룬Щƶֳģƶ֪ȨҺһȥ̫ҽȱߣһ𿴿˵ܹʲô
ǡ̫ҽӦ
̫ԺԱߡ
ũ˾˾ؿήʣЩӳģ
ƻش𣺡ϵġ
Сǻũ˾˾һ£Żӷ۵Ŀɰģ̲סЦЦ
תһ룬Ǹ߸ϵľŻҼ̫谮ʣŻӣְԿһ𣿡
ԡƻش
ũ˾˾һͷβֿʣŻӣǳģ
Ƶͷϵġ
ũ˾˾һƬҶ׽ƷңҪҧ
ɲܳԣֹ
ũ˾˾תͷơ
ƵǰճԹɣܺóԡ
ũ˾˾һȡ
̫˾ǲ⣬һһ
Ȼũ˾ƹܴκũɣ֯ˮȵ飬ũ˾˾ڳΪһ˾֮ǰרũͲɣԹֵֹܶ֡
νĺܻкܴãԺ뿴ӣǾ߶̫ˡ
ˣȡ̫
ûһй˼Ż赽ظĻȴ
ũ˾˾һ
̫˶ڻȴš
̿ɢ濾
ûһһð
ʲôζ̫ʡ
ũ˾˾Ҳ֪
̫ҽѰζ
һζ
˻ǵɵһ¿ˮ
̫˸ȷǻɢζǴûŵģֱȹ̲סԡ
ӦÿԳɡƸоѾˡ
ȰǯӰյĺ̳΢һƵָʾ¶ۻۻƵȿȿһƱỊ̇˲ζ
̫һ¡
ũ˾˾ˡ
ֵ˶ζܺš
ȰǰԺĹ˶ֹŵ𣿺㰡ζоúóԡ
һ¿ˮ
ƵԳɡ
̫ͦ볢һģôˣҲóԣοⶫǵ˾㳢һɡ
ũ˾˾ԵϡŹֶ̫̫࣬ʲôοŻӵ˶϶ж
һ룬ҧһڣǴģԾ׽һ£ζ̦ӿƵڼŵζȻϸ̶ȴڴĥĹ
ϸϸƷζеʧϽҧһڣסԼܵʳóרҵĳ̶ƷƣԽƷԽ
еѹֲסļ̫
ô̫ʡ
ܺóԡũ˾˾ѿڶʶԼ˵˾ϻϽȵԳԡ
̫ũ˾˾˵ϻ
ȴũ˾˾ֹԶϲ÷ʵ֮󣬲ܶԣе̫ŹְְܷúоٸһȷĴ𸴡
̫û˵ȿڵ˾㲻Ҫรһкööٸʮʮɣ̫ɡ
ũ˾˾𾪵ʣŻӣ㻹кܶࣿ
ϵҴȥ
ũ˾˾̫
̫ȥɡ
ǡ
ũ˾˾˷ܵظƵ˵˿÷ǽǵһѵһ˲ʧһſʣŻӣⶼֵģ
ƵͷҺ߽˸߸һգд˰æӴ
ܣ
һٽģôǼĺܹɵġ
ũ˾˾ЦŻӣ㶺ְء
ж㣬ֳЩɣţһĸĸġͻȻԼ̫ƤӵģȻûʵ
ûвСֳЩ̫ƶ
ũ˾˾ʱĳȣ΢΢
˾ôɣưСʡ


59 
ְ¡ũ˾˾ص
˾, ¶ֱ˵̫
ũ˾˾ѿڶЩдã
̫һ㶡
һ
ƾũ˾˾Ǹˮƽġ
Χһũ˾˾Լʧԣûо֤, ϲ½, Щ;ŻӸ̫
Ͻȵְ˵, Щܻд, ְȻȥͬһ֤һȷ
̫ȥɡ
ũ˾˾ŻӵŻӣǱְá
ƺʵöʮ
ũ˾˾æ˹ˡ
ϵ, ʮɡƵ
ũ˾˾лŻʹֻͣǣʮѾܶࡣֳһٽǶʮѾܶܶˡ
Ǻð, ͸ʮƵ
ˣװʮ̫󿪿ڡ
̫ʮ˸ͳɣְոѾù
׹ϵ, ⻹кܶءָǽǵһ
û, ˾αؼƽһ̫
ȻŻӺ̫ô˵ˣũ˾˾ǡ
װ˶ʮ
ũ˾˾˫ֽӹرڻ, ̫;Ż̫, Ż, , ְȻũ˾ˡ
ȥɡ̫
ũ˾˾żȥ֤, СųȰ
̫ת̫ҽˣũ˾˾ʱ̫ҽ˶šԣѾȷĹûжأĹԳԣ̫ҽͷˡ
̧̫ˣЩǱְڵ¶̫ҽ
Ҳûʲô¶ˣǻȥɡ
ǡ̫ҽ
˴Ȱ̫ҽֹ佱ζ
ưСĸ
̫ͷƣʲô
˾˵˵жƵ
š̫ͷ
ʾĸչ𣿡˻Ӵŵʡ
߹߻ڴؿ̫
̫ͻȻũ˾ûиȷ֮ǰǶٳԹȻĲǡ
Сһ
̫ĺ⣬̸͵ĸĸҳԹҾͲԹĸҳԹҲųԹ
̫ƵСµǹˡ
ƹɵؿ̫ϡ
̫ɴ౧ƣ˵ܵܶථ¡
˴˴
߻ӵҲԣĸҳԣҲųԡ
ҲҲǡ
̫صͷ
߹Ͱ˻Ӽܵܶôõ̫Ŀ佱ˣǸϽŵҲһҲһ
ŶԺҲҳԶ̫
ǡһ
߰ɣƫȥ̫ת
̫Щô죿ֳʡ
̫ͣ²ӡ
Ƶͷܼǿỵġʵ£Դһ£֮ѿˣֿԽֲˣ˿ġ
ô֪ỵģ̫ʡ
ƹСԴΪϵֵѾ
ôһ仰̫Цˡ
Ѿũ˾˾ǶҪԣдãÿ÷ķţͷһӡ
˰£ûʲô仯
̫ҲƵĻ
ְ̫춼ûʲô仯
ֵͷӣҪƤˡ
ɲ
̲ס̫Щ˵дء
ũ˾Ǳ߻㱨ɡ̫
ǡӦ
̫ܿ˿ûƣת⣺ͷ涾Żأ
ĸɡСŽ
ȥĶˣ
ȥũ˾ɡ
ȥǶʲô̫Ʋͷϵĺ
˾˾ιũ˾˾߶ʮһˣһϢûУ˾ƫܵũ˾û뵽ũ˾öСʵģ·ǳȷ
̫ƲŶ㲻󣿡
Ѿʲôµġӡ
̫ЦЦĿ䵽ƵĶͷʣͷʲô

̫󻽵֣
ָϽչȥƵĶͷһ̫󣬾Ż²ǳ˷ɡ
ӣ࣬ٷףƤСֲƾͷġ
̫ҽơ̫
ǡָϽȥ̫ҽ
̫СԴϸϸ쿴˵ܣƫͷܣ˰ɣͦġ
Ƶĸ
̫Ҳץץˣͻˡ
Ʋˡ
̫ʣˣ²£
£ϵղûãԽˡ
ĸˮһ
š
ˮͷˣûһ
ǡʱ̫ҽˣȷƶͷϾǷǺܳʱڵƤ֢
̫ҽ˴ľˮϸϸظϴɾͷͿɫĩ״ķ۵̫󲻱صģͨķÿϴ󱡱һۣձˡ
̫ͷ
ͷŻӾҪͷ¶Ḵ̫ҽ
̫ĵʣԺ죬ŻӶܼͷ𣿡
̫󣬸ݱְŻŻӹûӦͷ¾ɹ£ֻҪɹӦþͲ򡣡̫ҽ
̫̫ҽ
̫ҽ̫أǱְ֮£̫û飬Ǳְˡ
̫ҽ
ǡ
̫ҽ߳ȥ
̫ƵС㻹Ҳˣ
ɣ
ÿհʱͿۡ
šƵͷ
ĸ
̫ѧݼˡ̫
ĸ߽̫ƣͷһȦɫʣСƶͷˣ
Сƻش
Ϳķ̫ۡ
ǰָһƵĶͷ
̫һ֣Ҵ
ָϰɫֿۣƣоһȦۣǸƸһȦĨһԵСԽԽͻȻЦһͿԵְ
̫󣺡
ƣ
Цʲôأ̫Ӧ˽̫һ
ѵöӦѺãӦ㿴㿴СƶͿ˷ۣǲǴһȦԲˣ̫ˡ
ӦƸ̺̲סЦ
ưСĸɣ
ĸһ̫§ƣǳ⺫Ӧ룬ҿ̫Уȥʮ顶ʫ
ĸ
һٱ飡̫
˵غӦȥʫ
ƶžľԲˡ
ȥԷɽͶ˿
񴵹Ǻܵ
ɽͶŴȿЦֹ
ղţ̫ƾͻֳɡȰ
ôĸˣ̫ʡ
ɡƵ
СӻͷԵӣ̫ЦݵͲĸ
ʵʵ˵Ц
˭Цĸѵ
ţƵͷ
ĸۣ͸͸һͿϡ
̫ſ̫ϣС
̫ˮϸزƶͷϵķۣöˣٹվͲͿˡ
ţ
¼ݵ˵
㸸ʱʲôֹ̫һ䡣

¡۴߽Ҵ񣺡μĸ󡣡
ʵۣض񡣡̫
ʡƸ¡
ƶɡ¡ۿһƣȻĵؿ̫ĸЩȷûκ˺ճʳãĿǰЧÿȹ
ģ̫ͻȻվ
ũ˾Ǳߵõ¡Ҳ֪ľũ˾Ĳ֮Ϊ
Ǵߴũ˾̫ҽԺһи֤ûûҹ飬ڶ϶ľ޴Ч
¡۵õϢϽܹģ
̫ˣ̫ϲ
ûŹֳһʮκӴ˲ּġ¡ۼĶЩ㵸
ǰƶˣ̫ơ
û¡ۿƵСι;޴󣡡
ϵҵĹͣҲϵ硢㡢߽㡢߸Ͱ˸Ĺͣƿ˵
̫¡ԶЦˡ
Ǿϲֵܽúгദ
˳˵Լһֱ˵ĻС
ʲô̫ʡ
˵ҸĹ͡
̫ʣ˵𣿡
صصͷţϵҸӡ
̫һ룬ܾûмӣҼǵ⼸¶ûлعʲôͣ
˵Ѿϵ͸ҵģȻҲֳöѾҲҸĴͣҪȻֲѾ
̫¡Իһ


60 ݽ
Ӹģ̫ʡ
Ƶϵ
ʱģΪλкΪʲôᵽôֳ¡Ʒʡ
ʵһʵĿ, ƻûлش̫ȵʵۣһ̫, Сӻشˡ
Ƽ״, Ҳûȫش
¡֪Լ̫, ʳô, ʳһ⣺Ӻʱĺ
갡ƴ
¡ٴ׳һ⣺ĺ
ƽʱĸʸĸһһģͦģǺ¡ô˵, ͦûȤġ
ʵ˵ϵʦֵģʦֵΣκԶ, ˵ÿҪһ꣬ңú, СİѻŪ, ͳɡ
̫תͷ¡ۡ
¡Ҳ̫
ͬʱ뵽ʱϡֵƣԼ˵ֻҪӻӵһڲ飬ͿԳŤתӵ, ϴϵĲ֮
ڲ
ǲ̫ˣ
, ɣ
⣡
̫̲ס˫ֺʮүּⰡ
¡סˡ
̫󻽣ʵۡ
¡ۻ
̫ʣô
¡۳Ĭ˺һ, Ҳүּ⡣ȻһжͲͨ
̫˼˰, ʣǱô죿
¡, ȴµ飬ͬһȻѰʱѼ֮¶عķڷذӽӻ
á̫ͷ
ҸҪɣװʡ
ԡ̫
װΪѾ
̫ƵСΪиõܵܣһ¶
õܵϵ𣿡ʡ
ϵϵ㡣̫ƵСѧ˵
ƾС»ͦģʮΪʲôһʣʲô¶Ѿ
̫Ծģֳ
ƵͷϵֳĹ
Ǿͺȥһũ˾˵һ˵ֹ¶¡۲廰
̫¡ۣ˭˵
¡ۿһƵũ˾˵һ˵ڻȥҪ˽⣬Ȼֲֹͷչ
̫ͷͬʱũ˾ȰͦԶģһũ˾ͳ˷ʣܺ𣿡
¡۵ִ̫࣬ŵĸ󡣡
̫󵱼ǰҲȥũ˾
ĸȡ
ҲҪȥġ̫֣һȥ
ĸ󡣡¡ͻȻ֪Ȱ̫
ĸ̫ɡƳ
̫ͷơ
ưСĸȣɻܣĸܣСҲɡסԼĿڡ
Тģ
۵С
峺񡭡̫ܲˣãĸȥˣƶͱһȥȥذ
Ƶͷ
¡ۣͬ˵ȣĻһöûС
ĸɡƻͦġ
һ¡̫
¡ʣĸ£
øƶͿ̫ۡߵǰһСƿ
ҲͿƿܡ
Ϳһ·ôȣͿһͿô죿̫ʮּ֣Ʒᡣ
ֻܷӡ
̫ԸͿۡ
¡Ա߿ţƾӤʣһͿԲˣˣԽˣ껭ﱧҵĹƨƨͯӣʵڿƲס꡹һ
̸״ĸЦҡ
˭Цģ̫󲻸˵ʡ
֪¡Ц
̫Ҳ֪̰ʲôЦģͶͷͿ𣿵ʵ۰ͿۣҿûЦƶΪ˹¶˷Ц
ûУӲ˼¡æϴӾǾãƶƶÿ
ˬˡ
̫ɫһЩصϣʣôģ
¡۴ǳġ
ɴˣ
ˡȣ¡۶ϻǵġ
̫ͷǾƶһɣҲʡô鷳̧һˡ
κи־֮񣬵һЩң࣬¡۲ֹһκͻӹͬ졢ӡƥȽͨߣûдŶ
ƣеԼգ۾峺һƬˡ
̫ʵۣҪúչƶһëҿɲԸ⣡
¡۹ǡ
̫ѵͷϳ˷򣬲ɹͷע㡣
¡۵ǡ
ɱũ˾Щ
ǡ
Ҳ
ǡ
Ҫһֱǰ
ǡ
̫˵һ󴮣¡ͻȻȥũ˾ˣ鶼زˣֻðƱ죬졣
ƶҪ¡̫
ĸҲµġƵͷ
¡תͷĸ󣬶ˡ
̫һ飺ǧҪƶɹš
ǡ¡Ӧ
̧˴Ȱ
¡۵ͷƣһۿƶͷһȦۣ£С۵ģ۾ģëģ̣촽ģлӹÿġ
ǻ
ͻȻú;ŶһϣҲʲôʹ¶
ʣͷɹɡͻȻڡ
¡ۿȻͷյϣƶһ»ǣʣ𣿡
ɹɡָԼС첲
¡ƶ
ʣͷүүɹҽŽɡ
ɹһûϵ¡۾ԼѾܹˡ
ϵҶɡƿͰ͵¡ۡ
¡ۿƶͷһۣĸ˵ΪųģЩھΣŻǱһơ
ʡ
ơ
ʡ
ƣ
ߡ
ƣ
󻪸ȫϣ¡۴ͷɹţɹð
Ҳûа취ⶼǱƵģֻװʲôûпֱֱǰߡ
ڵũ˾
¡졣
ʣ¡С첲
¡Ʊ
§ס¡۵Ĳӣʣң㲻Ҫˤɡ
¡ͻȻӹһ˿ûŪʲôľͱһЩơ
ƴߴٵ߰
¡۱߽ũ˾
˸ߺһϼݵŻӼݵ
ũ˾ʱһOO@@ĽŲ
¡۱߽ȥũ˾ԱѾվſ񣺡μ£μŻӣ򸣣Żӽ𰲡
ɡ¡Ȼλϡ
ũ˾Ա̧Ȼ󿴼¡ۻԼƶͷϵķۡ
ǾŻӡ¡۵
ũ˾˾⣬ԱһѾ˾Ƕ֪ζѲߵĹǾŻģһ꺢ӵģ
ôҲû뵽Żӳ˺ÿȱ»ҪʣҪһۣԵζʮ㣬һûж̵ӡ
ŻӣǰְȰհ֪ɼǵñְũ˾˾ʡ
ǵã˾Ƶ
Żǻ۹ˣ䳬Ⱥũ˾˾
ƺǫصͷϵġ
¡ۿЦãȻԼȻƣƷ˵ûˣ˾ʲô⣬ʾŻӰɡ
ǡũ˾˾Ӧ
ԱһؿŻӡ
ũ˾˾ʣŻӣܷϸ˵ĳɳ
ԡƵ
Żӣũ˾˾ŻԼĹ̨Ȼֽʣʼǡ
Ա׷ֽʡ
ͻȻоԼڿݽֻո˵䣬ũ˾˾˿ʼͷ
ôˣ¡ʡ


61 
ũ˾˾¡, ׵£ŻǺ֮ͯȻũ֮, ְ
¡۵˵ص㡣
ֻǡũ˾˾ԥ
¡۵˵޷
ũ˾˾˵ﻰֻǱְ޶, ޷֮۷ԡϴڴȰ, ũ˾˾ŻӶֵ˵, ´̫ʾǿ¾Ż˵ŨŨǻ, ʲôҲ
ԱĬͬ
¡̨ϵơ
ʣ˵
¡۵ͷ
ƵڼҶӣ
¡۲ʣΪô˵
֣ص˵Ӿɡ
¡Щ飬ʵܶʱҲƵȺӵĻԶԣȥ
Ʋĸĸ֡ǣǶ˵, ˵˵գҽӴ
¡۸仰Ͳ̫
ũ˾˾ҲûףŲ³ŻǾǲ, æ, Ż˵ǣְԺȻ
Ա͡
Ƶͷ
¡ҲԼӦöһӣҲ, Ҹ˹ɣ
ũ˾˾̫
, 鷳˼ң¡۷ʡ
ũ˾˾Ͻ, ְʧˡ
Ҳܰй, , ܼô˶нð¡˼ţ֪ƺ͹еĻӹϵͦõģʲôǲģ̫ѧ浽ף߻߹Ͱ˻˵ҲûбƺõĶȥվȥ̫ӹ
ũ˾˾ȹԱʱоˡ
æȥӦ롣
ûһӦˡ
¡ʣŵܵܵĻ
ӦܡϲƣݼٱȥȰƣƽʱʱͺˣưιĲݣƽϰ
¡۱㽫ոյ˵һ顣
ӦʷģЭ˾ǵġ
¡۵ͷ
ӦߵƸǰŵܵܡ
ˡ
ˡ
ƻɸ硣
Ӧũ˾˾ȹԱƣŵܵܣǿʼɡ
Ƶͷ
ũ˾˾ȹԱúֽʡ
ƽԼõժιйֹջȵһ̡
ӦԱ߽͡
ũ˾˾ȹԱ߼¼߸̾СС͵ľŻӾȻֳ־õ顣
ֱũת
ԽԽҪϸһЩϸϵ⣬̴ֲƣ¡ȴڴˣʱˣˣ˵ɡ
ͣ
ӦͷӦ
ũ˾˾ȹԱͣ±ʡ
¡ۿʣƶҪ޻شȰ𣿡
ƵҲȥ绹ҪѾ
¡۰һɲ뻪ǶСϣð㣬̫㲻ȥ̫ᵣġ
Ӧʣչ˾ŵܵܣ¶ġ
¡۵˼ţƶɡ
Ӧǡ
Ҫɹͷˡ
ǡ
Ҫ
ǡ
¡۰̫ĻתӦ룬뵽ƣȻоЩʧ䡣
кܶ๫Ҫٺˣǰơ
ȥȰ̫˵˳øš
ũ˾˾Ӧũ˾ʳţʳǺʹȰͲ̫ˡ
ϱӹ˺ܶӣⱲǽʳǵϱӵĿ̹࣬ȻؽǰĻʳķ˳Եһɶ
ũ˾˾ȹԱ״׷϶ŻӵΪֹһرĻӣֲܹ̫ĳ谮ǶԽˣ֮⽫ũ˾õʰӦס
˾ˡӦ
Ƹŵ͡
ӦõӦõģǱְͲˡ
Ӧͷ
ũ˾˾ˡ
Ӧ뿴Ŵʣŵܵܣ˯Ķ
ĶСƵ
ã˸ЬӡӦ
ҪҼļɣҶϵļաֻСַŴֻСŻ£ЬӲȵһſСһ̧أС첲СһӴӴ£ϴˣɡ
ӦĴָ
˯ɡ
˯ɡ
һɣ۾һգ˲˯š
ŵܵܡӦ뻽
˯ˡ
ӦЦЦС̫Ҹˣ˵˯˯ɵԱߵĴϣûһҲ磬ʱоɣû˯ô̹һתͷڿشЬӣֹЬĲãôɶ񡣡
ŵ̫ܵɰˣ
ӦﶼݳõĲˣŵܵܣ㴩ɡ
һ
ŵˣӦʡ

ţҸ㴩ӦƴЬӡ
ũ˾˾ж͹鿴û뵽̫ӸŻӴЬӣһתһ룬Ǵκĸ¶Цݣ̫ӵ£Żӣˣ
ӦƴЬӣ˾Ҳˡ
ũ˾˾ְ˲δ˯
ʣΪʲô˯
ְϡ
Ǿҵ
첻ϳ¡һ٣Ȼʼһֱ磬еĻٻȥģƶʱũ˾˾˼Ϊ࣬ϽӦɸ磬Ǽ
ӦʣҪҪԵ㶫
һϵĸɣ߰ɡ
ӦЦŸһߵũ˾
ũ˾˾ʼӦ㱨ϣǽ˵ģر
Ӧһͷ
⣬ְǺˡũ˾˾
ƾȣֳ֮ѯʹһ˵ˣҲʱˣ벻ũ˾˾ȻԲ鵽
ӦʣǺ
Ǻһ֡ũ˾˾óһ鼮鼮һƬҶӣҶǰЩӴӴȰǱժģΪоĴũ˾ũҵӦġ
һ֣Ӧʣкܶ𣿡
ԣӴκԱĻк
Ӧ룺
ֺǴӸĵطֻȼʣ˵Ϊ֣Դ֣𣬾ΪζҶ֪ЧãҰû뵽ŻУŻϸϣʹ˾ǼƷũ˾˾Ū˺ȥҲܶࡣ
Ƶͷ벻ũ˾˾ǿ
Ӧŵܵ
ũ˾˾һ𸽺ͣû
ƵС°͡
ũ˾˾ŻӣְһЩ֮Ҫ̡
Ƶ˵ɡ
ũ˾˾ȹԱʼѯһЩϸ⣬Ʊʹƹȥ԰Լ֪ȫ˵
ũ˾˾ȹԱɺԵĺһƴ͹֪ʶǿǵС˹ۣоʱˣ̫ӵ£Żӣվ͵ΪֹͷŻˡ
Ƶõġ
ӦǱˡ
ũ˾˾һ񣺡;Żӣ̫ӵ£
ƺӦһȰ
̫ϽƱϴͷȻһۣȻѯũ˾
ƾһжͦõģһҪȥ
㻹ȥ̫󾪡
ţҪԹ𣡡
̫ӦһЦ
˵ģС˵˾˵ɣԾҪֺöȺöö
̫˸жѣû뵽ССͿ˵ĻǻʼҶŮ͵ػ
ӦҲܵϲܵˡ
ƽŵĸջȥรȥ˵¶
ػ̵ȻҪȫͷãƶջȥ
šƵͷ
ܰȥ
Ӧؿ̫
̫㸸ʵøְٺ»У


62 
ְ
ٺ»
Ƶʱ۾, Ȼ̫谮δӹһʳסöɺ˾ͳһṩ, ûжٺ»
ɡ¡ۺ̫ʹ͵Щм¼, Ҳ, Ǯװӵ߹, һ
ٺ»Ļˣ
ʣĸ𣿡
Ȼԣôࡣ̫
Ҫ٣
ôô̫Цʡ
ӣȻĸ, ĸҼļ˵
̫Цȱ𣿡
ȱƵ
㻹򣿡̫
ҲٳԷģ
̫Ц
ӦЦʣŵܵܣҪʲôأ
, ţܶġ
㻹ǸС԰̫§Ƶ, ƶ뵱, ƶôĹҲӦõٵġ
ţϵ󹦳
û, 㸸Ҫ밲, Ҿͺ˵
šƵͷ
ӦЦ
ûһ, ˹, ƺһ, Ȼػصϼ󣬺˵˽շ£ʱԻ¶ĸʱʱǣţԲ˯õġ
ˣû뵽С漴ĳĹȻũ˾ۣƶ˵Ķ𣿡
Ѿ
ЩĿԳԣ
ϵʺͻĸ˵ȱԣֶĲųԡ̫¡֪ĲһͬʱÿһǳʱҪԡ
ˣʣȷû𣿡
ϵũ˾С˾ճԣ
סƵС͵ͯ޼ɣͯ޼ɣҪ˵˼ҡģ֪𣿡
ͷ
ɿ֡
ƵС˾һֱԣȥ̫ҽúõġ
ʣũ˾ʲô
ȥ˾ϿΣҵӡС°ͣһҳţӡ
һЦôôء
ĸ˵ҵ١
٣Цõʡ
һٺ»ϵҼļɡǿ֧ӡ
ƶȺ¶棬ϴС֡
ţ̫ɣ
Ц
ʥּͻȻһϸ
һ
ƻǵһ仰
Ͻѣ˼һԼװȻߵԺӣּ
ĵµչʥּ˻ʵۣگԻŻʴӱˣú֮ũ˾ɷˣ̬ȶطΪũ˾˾⣬մˡ
ƽְּˣĳơ
ĵµ˽ʥּУŻӣɡ

ϲŻӣϲﰡԺŻӾйְˣǱº̫ոⶨġĵµ˵
ƿġ
˶ɵģղź˵ٵ¶ľǵͯһû뵽ģǴκûĹԱ
ʣ˾ϵʲôٰ𣿡ʡ
ĵµһЦˣ̫֪ŻӻЩ⣬ū澺˵
˵
˾Ǳºְ̫ǡ⡹˼˵ŻӲȥũ˾
Ǹв

ƾϲģʣҺ˾˭󣿡
΢һ㡣
ʣϵƷ
Ʒ
ÿٺ»٣ʳԼĵݡ
ٺʮٺʮ»ʮ
Ǿϵÿʮ
ĵµ˾ھŻӵתһŻֵĳʲôû
Ƽ㣬ʮӣǶʮһ͵򣬲򣬱ϱӹʸߣĵԣлɡ
Żˣū澸ˡ
һ¡һԼĺɰֻмͭ壬ʵ̫˳Сĸ͡
ĵµˡ
ĵµ뿪
Ƹ˵ذСĸÿٺ»ʮ
ֱֱƣλÿ·һҲûеʮƶʮ˵ͬʱ־ú£ƶ𣿡
Ѿƽá
ǣôС͵١
йͣ٣¡׬ˡ
͵ϰˣ΢ð⣬ͺʹ
ĸлĸƵ
ǰƶ̫ɽôµģοƶҲû飬ԺƶˣԵθְֱͦˣúˡ
ӿϲãƵСĸСƶүĸõԼϱϱϱգôһöӡ
ϵϵƵͷ絷⡣
һЦ
ߣĸš
ŷûʳ
ĸӣѧϷˣظӣ
ڵŶЦһͣˣÿ˶ӡ
ϼﻶһƬ
ͬʱֲ߹˻ӡ߻ӺӶõ¡ۺ̫ͬɡɺ˵Ĳˡ
ڶϼϲƵũ˾˾⡣
ũ˾˾ƲϼܵȰ̫밲˵Լ˾ˣһһ˵ҡСӡɣ
˷ǳеҲУ
ͦظϵļ׬ģ
˶Ĭˡ
һ˻ӵŵܵܣҲļ׬ӡ
߹߻һͷҲ롣
Ҫżһú飬Ϊκ£ǾͻգƸոҫĿģϣһϵ̬ѧϰ档
һúģͻȻġ
˸ŵҲᡣ
Ƶһ𡣡
һԵֿ̫Цˡ
ɣ˵ɣҪȥֵɡƻһת
ִ̫Ц
תͷĸ˵ģҪֵκһϰϳߵîƲҪӽϰ࣬Ծͽֵ
úúãϡ̫Цŵ
ŵܵܣʲôʱ߻ʡ
һܿġ
ǵ㡣һ
á
ȥũ˾ϰˡ
ũ˾һŰ칫Ҳûʲô仯ҪӦ룬Ǽ˵¶
˵һ°ˣȥˣоƽʱҲûʲôӰ죬ÿնֵܿصũ˾򿨡
̫ȡꡢη磬򿨶ʡˣʮ죬ũ˾йԱŬͼкѧϰӦʽ¸ڡ
Ǻֽʮ죬ѡֲأ˲ľңڳ˿շӣ׼ʼֹƴũ˾˾ȰſڣͻȻ뵽ʲôһ˾
ũ˾˾ӦŻӣ£
šСüͷʣֵɣ
ũ˾˾Ϊںֲйأæصʮˡ
ôٺ»ʼҲǷ
ũ˾˾
ʣʲôʱ򷢰


63 
ũ˾˾ԶԺ, صµ׷š
ƾȣôð
Ż֪Ǵκٺ»ʽΪ֡
֣
Ǿٲһٺ»طٰ귢һٺ»С, ũ˾˾ټؽͣٺ»ӡƥʳ;֮ġ
ԭƺȻϱӿ, ûҽͨĹŴܶ඼ǰһ귢һٺ», ʡȥܶ
ũ˾˾, ܿҪˣĹӦûǰٺ»ǹڡ
ƵͷͦԻġ
Ż˵ʲôũ˾˾û
Ƶʲô, ǽȥװɡ
ǡũ˾˾ͷ
һ˽Ȱ̫
ɡ̫
ĸϵװġ̫֡
֪¡밲ʱѾ̫кˡ
ƵҪǼļ֡
̫Цá
Ƴũ˾Ա֣ȥװɣม
ũ˾˾żԱ, ߽÷
Ƕ֪Ҫ壬Ҽ֣֮һǽǵĹСذڷŵһ, Ψֿš
һӺ, ǽֻ
ũ˾˾̫󣬾Żӣװ϶ֳ
̫ͷ
Żӵĸ, ɡ
̫ȵʣȥֵ
ƵͷŰ, ҵÿй, Ȼл, ֡
̫һЦúú, ˾æ
æãͻĸ
ãȥɡ
ĸټ
ټ̫һοЦݡ
Ƹֳ뿪Ȱ·Ͼˣ˶ֳϣũ˾˾һ·ũ˾רڳķѿ
ѾһʪԱһѲľҡ
Żӣھũ˾˾ʡ
аɡƵ
ũ˾˾æó˵˰塣
Сץһϸظũ˾˾ȹԱѿλãпҪѿ۽պľҵ⣬Ȼʣ𣿡
ˡũ˾˾ȹԱ
аɣҿšƻûа취ԦһѲ˵
ǡ
ũ˾˾ȹԱڳһˮߣʼСպͰڷš
ֻСֱһһ鿴ũ˾˾˵Ĺϸɲ
ũ˾˾ȹԱûСƣᶨĵذƵĻִС
ɡƵ
ǡũ˾˾ȹԱӦ
ֵո㲻Ļٸ㡣
ǡ
ǸɣҳԶȥɡƶˡ
ũ˾˾˾۵ĻȻȥ
ðɡ
ҲǳͣˣͻصϼԳԺȺ˯˯
ȥȰһ𣬰ѿ÷Ҳп鷢ѿ
ڶȥũ˾׼ټලһĹ̡
֪ũ˾˾վͰȫп飬պľ룬ǧ顣
Żӣǧȫɻ˵ջǧĹũ˾뵽ũ˾оֲͳݵȵȣֳĶٽٽǹֱӴﵽǧ̫˼ˡ
ţƵͷ
ũ˾˾һڴְȲصȴջ񼾽ڡ
ȷѿѡ
ǡũ˾˾æصʵְһ߾ȫ
һ쵼ģܺá
ũ˾˾һ㶣漴뵽Ĺְ˾һһûоòʣͦҵĸо
ɣɣɡƵ
Żߡ
뿪ũ˾գÿնũ˾飬＾ѿӦûд졣
Ȼȥû˿仯
ô¶ũ˾˾ɵýԼѹŪˡ
𼱣ٵȼաڡ
ũ˾˾ذġ
ֹգð۵Сѿũ˾˾˸߲ҵ˵Żӣѿˣѿˣ
ؿһۣѿʺܸߡ
ٹգͿֲˡ
deiҲͦ˵ġ
ְ˷ءũ˾ڻʹ֮УһƬֲŸּڵ߲ˮһյġ
ãھ˷һ͸ԡ
ƺũ˾˾߳ѿ
˾ˣ˾ˡһİٷ˻
תͷһʶ
ũ˾˾Цԭ̫˰
̫
̫ʳֽܹܻأƹպʹϽĹзٺ»ְܣȫضפ㣬ԹȫصĹԱȡʡ
ڻʹϰģ˹ҲٺȯԺ󣬾Ϳڻʹ̫ܲȡٺ»ģǰ̫һٺȯġ
ƶʱ۾
˾ˣְǰٺȯ
˿ˣũ˾˾ơ
ũ˾˾
ƼеҪùʣũ˾˾˸ϲ裬ĺһճ֮ģȻũ˾ļǩ֣ӹٺȯ
˾ҵٺȯ𣿡Ƽɴʡ
Ȼеģũ˾˾һٺȯһţݸƵžġ
ƽӹ˵ءۡһ
ŻӲʶְɣũ˾˾ʡ
ʶģ裬ǰٺȯũ˾˾
ũ˾˾κũ˾˾ٺȯٺʮٺʮһǧٽ±УѼУƥ𻨾ơɵ̫ȡ
ö࣡
öණ
ƿĵ
Żӣµٺ»ס±͹𻨾ЩʮϣǱ¸ǳӵʹ͡ũ˾˾ƽ͡
Ҽɣȥ졣ƿĵذٺȭװ´
ŻԵȡũ˾˾סƵЩһ˿˻ϼ󣬲ְ㡣
ư֣ãа취ɡ
ðɡ
ƿĵرıˡ
ƻÿɰӣũ˾˾¶ߵЦݣͬʱƾԼ̫ܵſ˱ϣù߿㡣
ܿػصϼ󣬰ٺȯ
ϲôٺ»
µġ
ֵû°
ǰ
ԭˡ
ƵĸҪף´ҲҪףҪมһٺ»Ȼǰȡ
ãĸ˸һȥ졣
ãȥĸǶ
Ƶ¶ȵø̫ǵԶԶԣú̫˵һٺ»õȸ̫ġ
ָ߸˵سȰܣһԺӾʹĸҷٺ»ɣĸɣҷٺ»ɣ
Ĳ̫֣߹߻Ӱ˻Ӻһڹˡ
һʣţܵܣ㷢ٺ»
š̫ܵǰСڴͣһûͳһûףٺȯأ
ǲ߹ʰơ
ϵģƵݸ̫󣺡ĸ㿴ٺ»ɣҪööö
̫ٺȯϵ˵٣ȴСһٺ»ҪЩڲͬ壬ƶ
ţĸھȥȡƺ뵽Լٺ»ʲôӡ
̫ȵʣȥȡ𣿡
Ҽļٺ»Ҽļȡƺ֪Ҷôȡٺ»ˡ
̫֪һЩλȨصĹԱ̫ٺ»͵ң߹ݵģȻҲԡ
ֻ⣬ҲһƸǵУȥȡһ˿϶Уĸ˸һȥ
ţٺ»öģľԼٺ»ͦģϱӵĹʸߵö࣬ǵĸɳңٺ»̫ɣװ£
̫仰رҲررɰСãĸɳʲôأ
Ҫָ
̫󲻽ʣΪʲôҪ
ҪװɺöѾ
̫ЦãھǰѶȥ
صصͷ뵽ʲôĸ㡢㡢߸Ͱ˸綼ֹҲŵ٣Ҳٺ»ǡ
̫ϲ뵽ֵܽõģͬʱＫůͷãǺһȥ
š
˸˼ˡ
ûһȰ˸ƥһԣһ峵峵Сӣˡ
ܵܣȥĶٺ»߹ʡ
̫𡣡Ƶ
ŵܵܣжٺ»˻ʡ
ö࣬һһǧף
˸֪һǧǶ٣Ǿúöö࣬һۡһĳݡ
ƶϰǳݵĿ⣬ܵؽܣĵϣߴߴ˵
ǰ̫ˡ˵
תͷȥ
̫˾ƱڣšٺȡٺȡȡȵﻹﲻشС
ۣö˰߻Ӹп
ӡ
װ׵ģ˻ӵ
ѽ߹
Ƶͷš
ͣ£Сſڻһһ˳ػ˱ǵĻᡣ
ܵܣȥĶ찡߹ʡ
ٵĵط죬ߡƵ
á˴Ӧ
ùֱָܵûŶӵٺڣСţٺȯˣҪٺ»
˲̫ǰһƬ


64 ȡ
˶ȵؿٺڵСӡ
ٺĵҲһСǻ, ̧⣬ֻһŲٺȯ
Ŀ⻺, һֻС֡ԲС첲Ͱ۵С
Ҳ̫ÿ˰ɣ
ļҹԱźٺ»
ǴһԽӡһ 
̸һ, Ȼע⵽ϴŻɫƷ, 뵽ְũ˾ľŻ, ŻһŻӣ
ϵƿ϶شַ񶨵Ҳϵ
ǣٺʡ
Ƶϵũ˾˾ơ
ǾǾŻӣ
ŻôС
Żôÿ
Żôɰ
ŻӾȻٺ»ˣ
ٺ¾֡
ڵĵ·׷̽Դ
̫ǰ˶סˡ
ٺ»Ƶ
㣨ţܵһ𣡡һ
ٺŷ֣ŻĸСӣһźÿС, ׷ͷտһ㣬Ͻ˵Żӣְ
ϵ˾⡣ѣ칤ʵ˾⣬ɲǻӡ
, ˾ˣְ㿪ţٺ»ٺת
ҪҼļã̴
ԣļã˸͡
ٺ²Ӷס, ԶӹǵĹ, ǶؿžŻˣûǰæ˼ɼþŻ˶ٺ», Ͱذ, ǵǡ
ưٺȯͣ
ٺ½ӹٺȯ, ӡ, ʣš˾, д𣿡
ᡣ
ǰָӡٺ½ӡݳ
ʳָմ˵ӡ࣬һֽϰָӡ
ٺǩ֣£ʮӵݳ
ҪСһĶһġʮһ̫һú˷֣Ҳȥ̫ѧ˾Ǳ߹
Сһģ
һģ
ʲô˼
ٺ˼һ£ʣ˾ˣҪһʮ𣿡
ա
Сһһ㡹͡ա˵Ҳ̫ɰˣٺЦһһƣܹʮӣҲǰ˶ӡ
ˣǮװš
ллˡƵ
ŻˣӦõġ
ټ
ٺûнӴӹʵû뵽Żƽ׽ֿɰ̲סٺȯúˡ
ţҶɡ㲻õˡ
ܵܣҿ׬ӡ߹
ֻСֳǮڡ
߹һԴ
˸żȥ
˶ӣĸһ𾪺ۣöӣ
ƵУһ죬ߡ
˼ơ
ưͬĳʮٺ±Ѽ𻨾ơƥǸòôණӣĶ˹ˡ
һȡưָӡø˸̫װס
ܿظ˳װʮĹĵ
öѼ˻Ӿϲѡ
ǰѱ͵װȥƵ
߹һ±ͳ
˸ű
ûһװٺ»
ûеط
šƵ
˵ԡ
ƴͷߡ
˸š
˵һڹ˸Ͻϡ
Ŀһֱ׷˵̫ǰˣʱŻعǲҵ۾ŻˣﶼþŻʵ̫ڲͬˡ
ǾŻ˶Ŀһ£һЩҹȫһֿɰ
ֿɰƺ˺ܳһ·ճϰˣҲûоۣﻹȻģ߽Ȱʱһ˸߲ҵغ̫˵̫¶
̫Ͱ׵š
ƵǼļȡٺ»
˵ͷ
̫ķǳá
˵˿佱ܿġ
̫ʣƶЩٺ»ô죿
Ƶɣ
ˣ
ţǰֹҷٺ»
Ϊʲôٺ»ǣ
ллѾ˵Ȼ
̫ѣ㸸ʶѾǽ˰
ƵͷҼϵʸģиѾ
Ժٺ»Ƿ𣿡̫ʡ
ͷһΡ
̫󲻽ʣΪʲôֻһΣ
ΪϵҷֵģϵֵģҵĹϵңллǰԺǰңһлǣǲҾͲлɡһлһΣвͶ
̫Ծͨ͸
ŻǶ°ָп
ֲʧɰ̫
ֵͷ
̫ƵСԴöԡ
ƵҾͷɡ
ְɡ
̫ůϣԱˣӣ߹߻˻ӳپһ̫Ҳһ̫һԼ
ҲӰ̫ϲʡ
ţĸɡƵ
⺢̫ܵˣ̫§һڣãҺúõš
ƵͷͰ֡
̫ʣǰ𣿡
Ƶͷ룺̾Ǵ
ãѶͰˡ̫һ¡
ɡյЩʱҲõ̫ͣǶп⺢̫壬ԽҪ۰ơ
֪¶󣬸ǿ佱ơ
һʮӣöףöġƵ
ԣǳԵˡ
ƸӸĸ㡣
ĸҲа
ţĸѾ
̺һĸѾһ£ָ޵ģ§Ƶĸĺúӡ
ĸҪ±
͡ԥشӦ
ƱɽͶЩ±Ѽ֮࣬Ѻ˶չ˵Ψûк¡ۡ
ǰҪһһӣлæũҷʡ
¡һû𣿡
ںɰӣӣһӣС˽ȥͳһͭ壬ݸ¡ۣ
̫꡹һЦ
¡Ȼʣ͸һͭ壿
ʣôУҪСǮǮҺġȥһͭ嶼ġ
ǣƶһ߹ĿɻܶӣҲûΪʲôףһͭ͹ˡ̫§Ƶ
ûʲôף
ߴũ˾ֲֹ֤֧챧죬ѻǶС֣ȵĻðûСɹһ˿գûʲôס
¡ۿ̫ƣһһСоǡʲô׶ûС
аɣ
һĸһӣܺһʶ
ǣĸ˵öԡ
ԺҪΪϱס̫
¡ҭһ£̧·СϿֻ
ǡ鶯
Сһ֣̫Ҫת˵£ĸũ˾Ǳ߿ʼֹҪȥƶȻҪȥģĸҪҪȥ
̫ȥֲԴκ˵ǼΪҪ顣
ĸҲȥ˵
ȥȥȥȥ
ŵ˺ƺƵũ˾һۿɼϹ߲ˣһƬյԣһһӷѿ飬Ա߻м̳
£̫󣬸Ѿ׼ϣũɣֲ֮һ顣ũ˾˾
˵¡۵
ũ˾˾£֮£ῴһӣй˵ĺڶ࣬ʵûбʶȡ
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ũ˾˾Ҳôָ֪ʲôԺƹ㡣
¡ۿ̫
̫ơ
ƵѾһֱûҵᡣ
¡۵ȻƶֳĹͽƹ
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Ʋֱӡ
ֱ̫ӵȻƶֳģƶȡֱ¡۵ƹ
Ƶ㣬㣬߸磬˸磬һ𰡡
˿¡ۺ̫
̫ȡɡ
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ǽлƹ߻ӵ
˻ӵ
ʼĸ˻ʮ֣˵˵ţֱº̫ûֹĸ˾ͷſˡ
ë
ص
򣡡
Ƶ
Ͱͣ
Ͱͣ



65 ת
¡ָ
̫һЦ
ũ˾˾ǳ鴤
ƿȥ, ֱӰѹͽȡ
ͬʱһͣ
¡۷֡
̫ơ
ũ˾˾ֲ

߹òá
Ӱɣ߻ӵ
жͰͰɡ˻ӵ
޾ܺãܸ֮ԡۿֿʼ¡۸Ͻ, ת̫󣺡ĸ, Σ
˾̫󻽡
ǡũ˾˾ϽӦ
̫ʡ
ũ˾һκֲ, ¼κյֲ, һЩҵũ΢һ£̫󣬲û
ƶǻȡ, Ժͽ̫ơ
Цŵͷͽ
˲
ת˵ͽòã
˶ΪԼȡǺܺúܺõģǾŵܵܶ˵һ¾ͱĺˣͬصá
ãͽ¡۵
ּ򵥴, ſףʵں֣Żӹǲ˼ݣӢ, ̫֮ũ˾˾ʱһƨ
, ʼɡ̫
ǡũ˾˾
ũɣĹ̺ܼ򵥣ݵ㣬ϹƷ, Ҳ, ũ˾˾ת¡, , Կʼˡ
ƶ, ֵһ顣¡۵
ϵӦ
ũ˾˾һݸơ
Ѿũ˾Ա˵ֲעٴظѿѿϣ飬Žɣ
£̫ҪҪҲһ飿ũ˾˾ʡ
Ǿһ顣¡۵
̫Ҳһ顣
ȻҲ
ƵȻʼ˶һ
ũ˾˾ſʼֲʼ
Ա̽յأʼڿӡ͸
Ա߿š
Ǿֵġ
߹ͷ
߻ӵڿӵġ
˻ӵҲֹԣ
ĸǶУվɡƵ
߹Ǿ֡
Ƶͷá
˿ˡ
¡̫վԱ߿š
ũ˾˾ܹѯʣŻӣֲ𣿡
աƵ
ũ˾˾ĵǼ֡
˾ɡ
࣬Ӧġũ˾ĹԱһ򶼻ռֲֲµũΪ¼й̣Ȼܴϰա
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šƵͷ
˵Ҳһٻء
УǶһȻˡ
¡۷̫뿪
˿ũ˾Աʱǰæһ¡
ũ˾˾ȹԱĺܺãƺܷģִһ뿪ϾͰѴȰʮֵ档
ǵڶƵˣҲûܵ￴硣
ũ˾˾ȹԱȴǵһÿն鿴ʱũҷʺͲľң൱൱ġ
ڵʮʱѿڸǡ
һƬ⡣
ũ˾˾˫ֲƣûƣ¡ۡ
¡ܵ￴һ
Ż˵Ԥʾųɹһ롣ũ˾˾
ãܺã¡ãʣСι𣿡
ιءũ˾˾ǸˣԼСһʳһʱ֮ȷ˿ԳԺÿιֻСԡ
ֻúúõģ
һȦ
¡۴Ц
ѾûжˣҲԲˡũ˾˾ӴȰõĶʮͳ꣬ѡרιСųԵڡ
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š
š
ǣĿǰΪֹǱְũǰʡĵֲҲܴ󡣡
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Ʋ֪¡ĬĬ
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Ӧóһ㡣
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Ц
ĸ˲߳ϼûԶͿԶһС˳ߣ̺磡
ܵܣ˵ر
Сӭӡ
ܵܣһѱסƣҰ
ţҺĸ㡣¥ſؿڵ磬㳤ɡ
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ĸ
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ĸ˻صϼϼʹЦûһҲУһϼˣÿȥȰתһתԸо̫Ŀ˺ܶࡣ
̫Ѿժͷϡ项ñˣƺǿģһתͷ¡ˣһ
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Ӽĸ󡣡¡
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ôţ
ĬĬ㰧š̫Цӣͽһƫƫţǲƶ˵ġ
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һ֪ߵϼ󣬿һɫѣԺ廨ʹ˽ȥûþƣǻ뵽ϵĲ飬ûȥ
żǻϿӰӣЩ
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ᵽ̫ЦˣҲȤˡ
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Ƶĸһ
Ƿô
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Ҫĸ𣿡װʧ
Ҫһ춼ĸһ𡣡Ƶ
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ĸ˴Ѷ͵ģǳ̫ˣɵλϣҲ˲˵ע⣬λ¡ۡ


66 úó԰
Ʋ¡۵Ŀ, ĸ
ţͷӦ
ڿ㡣Ƶ
Ϲ˵ûɬ߻֮ɫ
Ƶģϵߡ
Цڿɡ
Ҫϵأƺʡ
ҾͿ¡ƵСողǾ˵𣿡
Ƶͷš
һֻϺĸϺԡ
ҶˡĬѾһϺ
ĸιҡƵ
Сһﵹ֪ʹˡô˵ţѾһֻõϺ, ͵ߡ
ҧס, ׽, , úó԰
Цˡ
ҲüΪгɾ͸С
ĸԣҲԡƵ
һ͵ߣԼҲһ
ĸ߳ţ־͹ˡ
ӡŻá
ֲض񡣡
, ϵϵĸϷѾƵ
ոջ֣һƵ¶ЦݣŻǴϻ۹ˣ̫ǱоŻӰԵ, þŻһ߳һϷ
Ѿ̴Ӧ
ЦݸŨˡ
ĸ磬ȥɡ
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ɡ
Ƹˡ
㲻̫˵ӡ
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˵ܵˡ
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ͷš
ܵܽնںİ
Žһհ
ˣѣյܵҲˡ
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Ҫܾ
ʣΪֲҪˣ
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Ҿ˵һ˵ܵܿľͺˡҪ͵ܵܿĵ, ŵܵܵ¶, ǲɵġ
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ﱶůţҵЬҲǵܵ͵ġ
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㣬ܸܵصʳ棬ҺͶ綼͵͵еġһǰ˵Щ飬ľһСӡ
ԣǵܵܲصġǵ¶
ţܵܺô
һɡ
š
ĸĵ̸Ƶ
ǱѾ̫⡣
ó𣿡̫ʡ
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Сרġ
ֲÿڸк˺ܶ࣡
ƵһҪװߣĸԣԡɽֳԡ
С
ѽϷɡСָ̨ϡ
ԡ
Ƹ̫ϷûרĿϷˣҲ̫˹طţԲõĴϷʱʱע¡۵Ķ򣬷¡ǿĸлеĵ顣
ĸȴҲûи¡ۣҪôǿϷҪôغ˵ҪôһɰСӡһֱϷ
ֽʡ
û𣿡̫ʡ
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Ƶͷ
̫Ϸࡣ
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䲻ʫҲʫף֪ʫʫħʫʥķɣ¡ʫˮƽ峯Ǭ¡۲࣬벻˽̿顣
¡ۺôǻʵۣǶٵòԵطм䣬мĲ֪¡ǵˡ
ãҿ˴ӡ̫ӡһЩѧϰϵ⣬Ȼ佱һ
佱ſ佱žͿ佱ͷϣ˵֮еõĺϣֳũõũ˾Ŀ϶ȵȡ
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̫شȰˡ
¡ۺͻʺЯȥˡ
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һ£ֱС
磬㲻𣿡ʡ
ˣǡ˵Щģܵ⣬˵츸ʱܵСû˵תƵСˣرˡ
ƵѾ
ÿ
㿴ɣҪȥ±ɡ
㻹ԣ
ϵһһ𣬵ȻҪ±Ѿ
˵öԡ
ĸֶԲԲһ±ûΪ¡۵Ŀ佱ڴʲôĺ˵
ھˡ
ûջ¡ûгֵɰٻջҪȥá
ÿȥ̫󲿷ʱ䶼ǺһԳԺȺ֣̫Ҫȡ⴮廨⴮ȵȣ׼տ
῾𣿡ʡ
Ҳᣬᡣָ㡣
ͷһʼڷӹĺأͺͶӴųԣһȥͻˡ
ó𣿡ɡ
óԣƴӿڴһϡ
ʲôʡ
¥ƹۼϡưѡơ˵ɡۼˣҲ⣬ʦɽҪƵϣ˵שͷóԣ
٩שͷɡ
⣬ҾͳѾɵӲŻʳשء
㶼ЦΪҲǴȰģԲûжʡ
ѾѾƺ
ж
ٱЩ̡
ĸΧһտ
ò˵ڷѧܶණܿ͵ȼ̿𣬲߹˻Сƨӣѻʹһ
ʼ⴮̿ϡ
ҲС
߹Ҳˡ
ǽնڼءƵ
Ȼˡ
ĸʧ֮˺޲úϾϵЩҲ͵͵ЩӸ֮ûʲôϢĸҲЩˣֱʣĸҲɣ
һֱ̫ӣ֪ĸǵûѹů⣺ĸֻĸˡ
Ǿȥĸװֱ˵
ֹĸܼ
ΪΣʡ
Ϊĸⲻܳ
Ƹɴĸ׽
û˵
СԴ룬д£ĸĸ׾Խ𣿡
һ±Ƶȵ˸еʧ룬˳Ƶѽ
ô£ĸĸ׼ĸĸĸס
һЦˣ§һڣСһĵĽ
ţϵĵġ￿
§ƣ˵ƶѾкܴıˣҪôԼĸ֪ľ͹ˡ
Ƶͷšõģ衣
Ա߿ţܾܵǵܵܣܹůģοĸҲ˺ܶ࣬ĸܵܣ⼸⴮ˣԳˡ
ۣ㰡Ƶ
ĸһܸܵһ
ӹҲԡ
ĸԣԣҲԡƵ
Ц
ĸ˾߿߳Ա˵
СԺܰһƬ
ȻӰһϸϼݵ


67 
΢΢һ㶡
Լˡ
¡ۿĽŲ, Ҳ֪¡ϼſԥƬ̣ͨҲ˵¡۲ûʲôҪ顣
ܵ
ʣĸ, Ǹ𣿡
ʣҲˣ
ͷ
ȷ¡, δ̤ϼ¡, ǸϽӭӡ
æ
һתͷƻҧ⴮, æе⴮ùŵУ˲ƵС죬ƵС첲, ƶˣ㸸ˡ
ƻλƵվ
μʡ
Ͻ񣺡檲μӱ£򸣡
ʡ
ɡ¡۵
ֱӡ
վ
¡ۿĸˡ
ĸ۹۱Ǳǹۿڣؾ, һԲ
¡۲ܵĸɵĹǶǰƫƫϼûһ˵ģ˵ʲô, ͻȻֲ֪˵ʲô
ֻܿ˿, ϼôСõȴܰĸ߻һտ, 滹һֻð, 漴Ʈ, 㡣
ѹָոԺʱ, ĸ˲ͣس޺ó, תڿ⣿
ǡء
¡۵ͷĲ
л¿佱
⣿
ӦƷһ
ȻûʶĿɨ㣬ϣƶ
̧ʣʲôѾ
ã¡ʣó𣿡
óԡƻش
Ҫһˡ¡ڿ˳˵Լ
ȴܳ
һôԾܾ£
Ϊβܳ¡ϲûŭ
죬ɣƽ͡
¡ۿһտϵȣȷʵֻðͣûп죬ѵǶԵģǵ޾͵һȡ
һڡ
Ż⣬ڵһӹ
ǡ˰ӡ
¡£һɡ
ĸ¡
¡ʣȣ
ƶ̫Ƕõġ
¡۵ͷĸһЩеûģмζֹ
֪¡лĸ˵
ܵܣûιèأȥιιè
˳ƵѾ
ȥιè֪¡˵ʲô
ƶèǰèèʳȴ¡ۺĶԻ
¡۵ӳöá
л¿佱
㵹Ǻֵĺܡ¡۵
û˵
ƾ¡ġ
𣿡¡ʡ
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¡۶˶٣ת
תϵı仯
ûʱһŤתʱ̣֮ˣһڲ飬ǲ
棿Щ
棬ǡʱƶ÷ֳ
ڲ𣿡
ǣֲ򵥣ڶ̣ɵʳҲС׵ʮϣһֲɹյļ⣬Ȼڲ
Ƿ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ӵ˲ǲ֮ˡ
볤õĳĬ
ũ˾Ǳһֱھչ֮ջ޻Ǳһ䲼һʥּΪٻع̫ѧ¡۵ý̫ѧˡ
л¡ظ¡¹
¡۸ϽЩܿˡ
Ƿƶܿˡ
޵Ĵ
Ҳɼ
Ʊĵµ¡ʲô
¡Ӧһ뿪
磬ߣȥ
һȥ
ɡƵ
𣿡
Ѿ
ߵԺ
Ժڿޡ
ĸϽǰѯʣĸôˣ
һ¥㡣
ŵʣĸ׷ʲô飿
ܿ˿㽫ڣŹϣȻ¡۵Ļ˵
ס
ƵꡢԻѧ
ͷţ
ƣܵܣ˸硣
Ƶϵү˼ʵļƻʵʩ˺ܾá
ллܵܡһ§סƣ˸硣
ү˼ҲƶĹ͡۾
ĸĸƾʲôֵõģ㱧̫ˣϽ磬ɡ
ŵܵˡϽ㡣
ƵС첲Բܵܡ
£ȥ⡣
һ¡
㿴
¶ڼƻУǱǰ֪ǣǲҪ˵ȥ֪𣿡
ֵͷ
ϣɳһ˳׷ͿԻ
һԣƵ
ԣƶ˵ԣǿԡ
صͷߣ⣡
һЦ⡣
տǰƴС棬ͳһ⴮濾
۾
ܵܣô⴮ʡ
ۡƵ
ôóʳԣ
ϵû˵ԿѾ¡۽Ųɲǣĵذһ⴮ŵС棬ѾشӴȰ֮ģɲװ׸¡۳ԡ
עڳϣֶ¡ϣûз⴮ˡ
û뵽Ƹ
¡ۿãһڲ趼ûкϡ
ЦƵС㰡㡣
ҰҴءƽӻ
㶼Ц
СԺղܰһ졣
ת֮͵뿪ˡ
¡۵Щûôѹܶ飬ĸ͵ܵܡ
Ҫĸ͵ܵܣǱҪúõġ
֪
ˣ¡ȴʱʱϼһƺУȻѹÿնӴȰϼ¡ˡ
ƶˡ¡۴ϼ
ʡ
¡۵޸ĸЩѣȥһɡ
͸ʡƵ
¡뿪
ܽϼ󣬿Цݣĸ
ƶϲѣ㸸ʸո͹˵ѣ𡣡ָϵѡ
Ʋ˵ߵϣװ˵š
ƶôˣʡ
ɣƼװС֪عʮֿɰ
ЦϽ˹ˣСʣƶ㲻ϲ
ϲƵ
ǾƵܴ󣬱ƽݣƷŵϣСʣΪβϲ㸸
ĸϲͲϲɡ
Ц˭ģ
Ƶҽģ
㽲Ĳ㡣
㣡ưСƫһԣ
ƵСС
ƼСƫһԡ
ٰ
ƫ
޿κεЦƶĸ˵һ˵
ƫС˵ɡ
ߵĸԼġ
ʲôƽžʡ


68 
Ŀ
Ʋתͷ, ʣҺ͸磿
ͷԡ
һʱûףʣô
һ£ĸñǡ
գ۾
ĸϲ㸸ʡԸҲϰԵغƽ, ̹׵˵ţ׼ȷ˵, ϲ, ʱս, ȷʵϲµӢҲͱйǺġ项ȥĸӵļĸĸ, ĸϲˡ
ûУָ顣
ŵǻʵ۰
šƵͷ
Ա磬ıɡ̫ûа취ȵġ
ȷʵ
¡һ֮ĸԶԶǡ
ƣ˵ĸԸúദ, ϣԱͷֻҪͷˣĸͺܰģƶ, öĸĻ𣿡
ˡ
ĸ, ޷԰ΣȻģԲŹܹѯ, һĸ, ׼ĸһ˼롣
û뵽ĸѾ, ¡ĵһ, ٻһ⼸ĸ¡۵̬, ṧ˳ȷʵ۵һƬƽǶϼѣǰɵ
ͷˡ
ɣʱҺ͸磬ҲԱĸ
ûͷ
ǾԳġ
㰮ԡһС
ĸҪϡม
Цúúãϡ㡣
ţصͷ
ʣ˰ɣ
ƿĵ˵
ƣСһ£ߣǳȥ
ĸιมƺ˵
ʱģôô
ѧ߹ǸСԷܴƢҲȡ
Ц߹С㡣
Цŵңҡ
㡣ӣʼѸơ
̵سţ𣡡
ѵܳԶ࣬һˡ
ƵͷţĸҲԡ
á
ĸ˼Ѻ󣬱㵽ʱ䡣
¡˲ٲ˹侫ϸ
ƾ¡۵ôȷʵͦģ۲켸¡ۺĸദģʽԸо¡šңðңĺðҡЩۣ̲סЦ
ƶЦʲô¡Цʡ
ƷСֵġ
¡ʣǲΪʹˣ
ѽĺƾһ£ǡ
¡ۣ
ǲװ˵ģ߹ʡ
ԼĹĵĿڴţװɣװö࣬һҪȥɳԡ
ũ˾е𣿡¡ʡ
ֱӻش𣺡óԡ
¡Ҳû룬ŷÿЩóԵĵũ˾
Ѿϲ¡۵ĸˡ
ЦЦ
ƳӶС֣ĸɡ
ȥɡ
ƺũ˾ûһ¡ʹ͵ĵľ͵ˣ˳Ʒũ˾˾ȹԱÿһ
СƵ⣬ũ˾˾ȹԱˣԽϲũ˾˾ˡ
Ƶ꣬Ǿȥ
ǡ˺ũ˾˾һӦ
ܿأѾһָˣƵĽ֮£ũ˾˾ȹԱѾïܵͬˡ
˺ũ˾˾һ鿴
СมƵ
Ҫȵม
߹ġ
߻ӵҪ¡
˻ССţȴѱˣ粻ܲȵġ
Ҫũ˾˾ԱȻҪǸϳȥģ˾˼ֵܽãֻעš
Żӣ㿴糤Σũ˾˾ʡ
ݰεĺܸɾʪ󣬺ʺ
ССƿ佱ũ˾˾˲ĺܶࡣ
˾Щԣϵܶ࣬Ȼųͳ󡣡
ڻС
߹ͷţڴ򲻹ݲݵġ
߻Ӳ䣺һʹˡ
Ѳݲݴޣ˻ӺݺݵػС֡
˵ͯͯũ˾˾ȹԱЦȴЦƵˣ˵Ҳ̫ɰһͷЦǣ˵ǡ
صͷЩٷ
˼״ѧ
ũ˾˾ȹԱϽסЦ
ֲ쿴һȻȷûʲô⣬߳ԵıˣֻƺƵһΡ
¡̫󶼺ܹĳɳʱԿһ
ĵģջغܷÿնһ䡸ƶΡƶˡƶ𡹵ȵȡ
һȺĹ£ũ˾˾ȹԱľչβݡʩʡˮһ㳤ߣð˻Ƕ䣬ԤʾŹʵѾγɡ
¡̫ũ˾һڹԱѡ
Ʋûúʢũ˾˾ǶȥĶƣӪ͵޶ȵĲ
ûãһƹϲˣ
ũ˾˾ȹԱѸٸ
һҲ˵ũ˾ֲɹˣ¡̫ϲòѡ
˵ƵСʣƶֳɹˣ
ţƵͷ
ʣʲôʱջ񣿡
Ƶήʱ򣬾ɡ
ʲôʱήɰʵס
һʱ¸³
ʱͿԻˣʡ
Ƶͷţ࣡
̫ˣƶĸСǣرơ
ƷЦ
Żӣˡ˵
ơ
һתͷͿ߹߽ˣʣ㣬ôˣ
߹һϣСƫһԣ˵
֪߹Ƣܲã֪˭ǵˣʣ߹ôˣ
úͰ˵ܵء
ôأʡ
˵ܵ˵Գˣ˵ԳԣȻ߸Ű˵ܵ˵þˡ
ȻǺӡ
Ͳˣ߽Ů졣
ܵܣ˵Գ𣿡߹ʡ
Եġʵʵ˵ѾˣСѡ
߹ضţܵܣ㲻һͷˡ
ҸϵһͷİƵ
ǡ߹ָ߻Ӱ˻ӡ
аǣ˵ϵʵ
߹޷СĹĵġ
˵
߻Ӱ˻Ҳ˵
ֻƸߵ߹ǰſ߹ߣС˵һ仰
߹Цʣģ
Ƶͷ棡
߹ʣܵܣʲô棿
ƽͣϵرر棡
߹ˣƵĻתͷ߻Ӱ˻ӵ߸磬˵ܵܣҸղŴˣġ
͵Ǹˣ
ո߹أ
תô죿
߻Ӱ˻۾һʱ䲻š
ſƶߣСֵСͣʣŵܵܣ˵ʲôѾ


69 
߻Ӱ˻Ҳչ
ƻص˵, ҪھϵԳԣһ, ĸ, Ͳɡ
һʣһԣ
Ƶͷţ
߹߹Ҫģ
Ƶͷãģ
߹ˡ
ͬҲԣ
Ƶ, һԣ
һͷš
ߡƳڵĸ, ȥĸǶ
Ҫ̫ˡ
ɣɡ

ƴӦţ֣ϼ, ȫǵøղŵĲˣ־֮ԱợǨ֮, רг㣬ޡ˶ܷߡ
ʲô
˶ˡ
˻ʣʲôѼ
߹֪
߻Ҳˡ
ͷߡߡ
ɿ߹˻С֣ͻȻǰܵ߿, Ѿ
˸Ͻȥ׷
ܽȰ, ̫˵һ͵档
Ǽأʡ
һ߻ӵ
һôԣʡ
߻ӵų԰
һҳԵģ˻ŴС͡ءһһھп
ҲҳԵģ߹
߻룬Ҳȷʵǡ
Ƶǰһӡ
һ, ԽССʮ߰˸
ãͬ˵
Χ, ͽְ, ¶Ƥ, һĵĲ, ȻһקһΣγͬʱˤڵϣʱŷ֣ѹʮ
ѽ߹۵ضš
綼ɡ˻ӵ
磬
ŵܵܣ˰ɣ߻ʡ
Ƶͷ
ô죿ʡ
ƵЩǳҲɡ
̴Ӧ
Ȼ˰ӣ˳ССʮװǸŪɹ̧̫ů
ô̫ࣿȣǰˣ
УͰӡƵ
Ӿô̫ϴŷյϲá
Ƶͷĸųԡ
ã䣬˻裬ڻһա
ƿ˿
߻ӵĸҲһ
Ƶ߸֡
ԵŻӣʹãʹãôصĶūôԳء
㾡չ˻ĸضԳԣοЩܿͿԱɼҼһеũ㲻ùˣƵҲһ
ûҲһ̫ӻ
һ
̫Цˡ
л̫лŻӡһĿ䵽ϣﲻϲůԽþŻǸֵøĵĺӡ
ɡ˽߸ȫŽˡ
ʲô̫ʡ
šƵ
̫ͷãǱš
ԡƵ׼ǣպųԡ
պǣ޵кóԣ˻Ӳ䡣
̫Цŵˣǡ
֮ΧŻš
̫ЦſֵСӡ
Цŵͷ
ǿǶΪ˳ԸһԵĲأ졣̫Ц⡣
ֽӻԲźأ
ɲǲ֪ʲôζ
Ӧòġֵ
̫ͷ
˵ζƮɢ
̫һ㡣
˻żʣԳ𣿡
Ƶһɣرóԡ
˵ͷ̫һζżĶ̿ˮˣͣѯʺûУƺ侲ػشûС
˰֮˼гŵһһѡһĸ̫󣬵ڶ֣Ȼſ߹С㣬ĸϵߣҪǴģʣľϵġ
߹ĵͷܵá
ţת߻Ӱ˻ӵǼʯͷ˭Ӯ˭ѡ
˴Ӧ
һʯͷů˶һƤһ⻬ϸȿ¶ů˱Ƕ̲סҧһڣҲôˡ
̫ٿһ
ֿ̫
̫ʵغϸ
ֵͷǾ⿹һ
̫Ȼɡ
ͷֲþŻôãһֱ߶Ҫء
úó԰ֱ⡣
պǳԡѡ
ָ̫պպǣҧһڣǲͬζǷǵûķͷɾͣһذĦſǻ̫̲ס˵һ䣺óԡ
ֵͷ
˵һ飺úóԡ
ƿ̫ˣһ֪üۣ̼ˮҲԵĺ㣬ҧһڵʱûˡ
˿
߹ܵܣٳһȡ
˸ͣٳһȡ
̫һԣٳһ
Ƶ˵ͷ߸߸ֳ߸
˻ӵóԡ
͸ĸһԡ
߹˷׷׸͡
ƵǾͣ
ϲʣĿ𣿡
ƵȻԣֳϵԵѽÿĸɸʺСٸĸʣµǼļԡ
ʣ¶٣˻ʡ
ʮءƵ
ۣöࡣ˻Ӹ̾
Ŀһ£˷֣ȻԻصȥԷɽͶ֣Ȼصϼ
ĸó𣿡ʡ
ţóԣóԡͷ
ƺ⣬ڶɻͻʺﶼ˵رóԣ׷׽ˡ
һ͸ĸ
ʱǾʣĲ࣬ǻͷذʵʢָˣ󷽵طˡ
¹ȥվڹ棬һǾȻԹô㿴ҿ㣬ԹԷ̫̰ˣߴߴƵĵϨսһٰˣ
ƵȻٰǳп飬
˵ͷ
˻ӵԺûóɣϲġ
аũ˾ǱߵɡƵ
ˣǾͿԳˡ߹ӡ
ƵͷԣǱкöࡣ
߻ʣǿһȥ𣿡
ƵͷѾҪңΪҪ˾һ
˻ʣĶ㣿
СָָŽµ͵Һͻĸһȥ
һͷ
ڶȰˣ¡ۺͻʺҲûоþȣ̫ǰȻ󿴵ѹѹһȺ󳼡
񣬸ߺμӱ£μ̫󣬲μʺ̫꣬ǧǧǧǧ꣬ʺǧǧǧǧꡣ
ʵһ
ö˰
߹Ǵ󳼡
߻ӵʲôģ
߹Ҳ֪
˻һֵ˵ãϵԵģ


70 Ժ
һ
߹˵
˻ż˺ö, 
ĵصô죿
ȥˣ߹½ۡ
˻æʣ˭
߹ݺ˵ĸߵĹ˶һ
ͷãҲ
Ҳ˻ӵ, Ǿɣ
߹һԣ
ǵģԴһ߻, һЩ, Ͻֹ, ǲġ
˻ӷʣʲôģ
߻ӵģ
˻ʣʲô
߻ӻشʶؿƣŵܵܣ˵
ڿԲ廰ۣ
⣺Ϊʲô
ǾѾƵ
߻Ӹͣԡ
ֳܶܶ, ԸȫµϰճԣϰվͲǶɣƽ͡
ԶԶԣ߻ӵͷ絷⡣
ˣϰվͲǶɡ仰ʱԼʹڣͬʣ𣿡
档Ƶ
Ǿǿɡ
߹˻һͷ
ǲҪȥҹม߻ӵ
һˡ
߻һ
Ҳ, ŷִѾվǰ
¡ۿڵ޺˵ũ޵ľŻӷֲֲġ
ǿһƻƵĿӣҲûʵĶ, ¡۶˵, Ƕٵ÷һ£ŻӴϻۡ
ȷʵϻ۰¡۵Ķɴǧ
ǧ
ôܣ
ũ˾һȺ泯оĶŶٽ, ٽ, ǲĶԴﵽǧũ
֪ǲ, ޱǹһ¡۵

¡۵ũ˾˾
ũ˾˾ǰһְڡ
¡۵ʼɡ
ְ˾һලũ˾˾
¡ۻͷƣ˾, ȥ𣿡
ظ, ȥƵ
Ҳȥ߹
߻Ӱ˻Ҳȥ
¡۵ȥﲻæ
߹Ҳ
˰֡¡ָԱߵһ
һ¡
Ƶ㣬Ҳǣǿǰǡ
Ҳ뿴ǰǡ
ϵվôѾƵ
˶࣬Ȼġ˻ӵ
ƵͷҵǱ߿ϡ
һҲģͷ
ƺũ˾˾ȹԱһ߽أʼ
ǵһονľŻӣһСӰҲӣǲһСӣֲ
ʵũ˾˾һνССӵĻȨһĿתؿš
أǵǵǰڿӣһӽɫĹʵǴûмֶһСӷֵС⡣
ĿԳ
˵ʺˣũ˾˾
ϵʺĸ͸ʶɡƵ
ǾΣ
رóԡƵ
ʺ̫ͱ¶ˣ
˵رóԣ
ǵĿһϣ΢ı仯ȻۿǴһǳһĸʮ˸
ʮ˸
ǴһʼĲţɣȣֱĿ𾪵ؿصһ仰˵
¡Ҳˡ
ʺ̲סô
̫ϲѡ
öѼ
ƺũ˾˾յϲá
˳̫ˡ
¡ۻˣأ
ũ˾̧һԳƲô࣬ũ˾˾˷ֶγأӲŵó֡
أ¡ۼɴʵ
ǧʮ˽ũ˾˾ص϶ٶմЩ࣬ȥһ
Ǿȥʮ˽¡ۺص
ũ˾˾ȥ̫ˣҲֻʮ˽¡ۼȻѾ˵ˣǡ
Ҳǧﰡ
ǣ
һٶֳǧ¡۵
Եһ
ʺﾪĲʧ̬
̫΢΢սȭͷ
ˡۡһ
ũ˾˾Фֳ֣ˣ־һ
е㼤һֳɹļ
Żӣ㹦󣡡¡۵
ʣ繦ϵҵĺƵ
ãӵĹ󣡡¡Ц
Ƶͷ
ˣλװȥһװʣµĻҪӡ¡۵
ǡӦ
ѽɣ˻С
߻ӵûϵ͸
߹Ǻö˰
డǿɽء
߹˻ӿһۣҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
¡۵䣬ÿдһƪԺС
һ㶣ҪдԺУ
һλʣ£֪γԣ
¡ۿƣֿʣǳԡ
߹ԣ˳ԡ
ҲУҵƤƤպǳԣ
ϲպ۳ԣ߻ӵ
պҲԳԣ˻ӵ
ԣԣѿҲܳԣԺ󣬰ԼĿζôԶеġȰ˰ոֳԷģôԶУ´˾˵
ũ˾˾ѾѧϰߣתΪ˷룬׼ȷؽƵĻظһ飬˳ܽ˵ĳԷ
ǵͷ
˰ɣ¡ʡ
ǡӦ
ô糯ʹ˽һ罻ԺС
ǡ
¡ת̫ĸǻȥɡ
̫ƣƶ߰ɡ
áͻȻͷũ˾˾˾ม
ũ˾˾Ż㡣
ƸϽܵš
߹״Ҳܵũ˾˾ǰ˾Ҳม
ũ˾˾û˵߻Ӱ˻Ӷ˹СʣȰֵĲ𣿡
ˣֱ׳˵ʵǴӡ
ũ˾˾Ϊѵؿ¡ۡ
á¡۵
ǡ
ܵɽһѡڻĵ̫ܵǰһ·ϾڱȽ˭õ
˴Ȱ˻ĵĲˣϸ¡ۺ̫˵˶̫ˣһֱ㷢𺳣û˵ʲôʵԵݡ
ûһ¡۾ˡ
̫˵رãͣؿ佱Ǵκǡ
ԼҲͦ˵ģ֪¡ʲôʱٻ
ǵڶ죬ȥũ˾һˣũ˾˾Ƕõ糯Ǿڴ󳼵ĳԺУζޣΪȲ졣
¡˳ƾͰһ˵ˡ
˵ʲôƼ˵
ũ˾˾˵ŻֵڲŤתӵӴӴ˲ǲ֮ˡ
ô˵ˣ
š
ʲôӦ
ȻǸߺ꣬ŮǸũ˾˾
̫ˣ
˺õĽҲũ˾ͣϽϼ󣬻ûнϼ󣬾ϼĿ


71 ˿
ĸڿޣ
һ, ܽϼƹӰڣ, , һۿڴ߿
̻һĸ
תͷƶ
ƸϽʣĸ, ôˣ
Ҫˣ
Ŷ
ϲ
Ϊʲôˣ
һ, ſʥּ
㸸ʸոµʥּ̯ʥּ
ǰ
˵ĸ
ţĸ
˻ʵۣگԻ˽Ȼ, һƣڷյˣһɰܾŻֳ, 츣գŤתˣο, ع, մˡ
ͷ
ʣƶö𣿡
̫ƹô˵ͷлᡣ
Ȼ˵, 粻ǡ项֮ˣ
̫ˡƵ
ĵµ˵, ͿԻˣ
ţ
ԺҲȥˡ
ţ
̫ˣ§ס, һμؿ
ĸĽġ项, ܾԼ, Կ࣬¶ܵӣô׳ϼ󣬾±һͻᷴ˵ġ项
Ľڽ⿪ˣȻǰٸнСļͷ
޺һŷſƵƶĸʧ̬ˡ
Уĸ̫ɡƵ
ţƶĸᡣ
ĸϴƵ
ãϴЦ
ԸоЦɺܶࡣ
ϴ֮˵¶
š
ѾˣٹһҪסκĻӳڸĸУԺҪͳһסʮҪ
ܽѾƵ
ͷԣȷýˣҪʱϼš
ţĸǳȥ԰ӰɡǾĸѾûκ︺Ժһں󹬵԰һߣ
áոմӦֵǲá
Ϊʲô
һɡ
ÿλˣҲ˼ԼݣֻϼʹȰ֮߶μҲȥ԰֮ģûкúÿһ԰С֮ģƵͷãһ԰ӡ
šЦŵͷ
Ƶ׻Ҿͼļ档
ʲôʱԼˣЦСĴβ߹һȺ㣿
ƽӻม
มЦ
Ǹ׻Ⱥͽ档
ţһ˯ˣӦþˡ
Ȼţ˯Ժߣè
ϴ֮󣬿˻ӱèף˸磬èè
Ѽ˻ԴƼˣ𣬳ˣҲˣˣèҲˣ̲סèһڡ
èһë׵СԴһƫСҪ뿪
˻§Ųɡ
߹˵ܵǿ׳ˡ
˻ӵͷ
߻ӵ˵ܵܣСˣߡ
˻Ӳطè
ŵܵܣȥĸǶɡ
Ȱ滹ӵģƵͷ߰ɡ
߳ϼ
ЦŵǲҪ̫ˡ
Ӧɡ
˻ӱ߱ߵһֱЦ
߹ӻ̿ġ
ΪҪˣԺͲȥˡ
߻ӵͷš
ƾȣǶɣ
κ˶֪߻תƵ
԰ʶʥּˡ߹
ƵͷţҸоͷɣ
ʱһ档˻ӵ
գ͵ý̫ѧˡ߹
ǵ飬һ
绹򣡡˻ӵ
ӳ̫ѧʱֻҪѧЩ־ǧġļɣּ书ȵȣ㲻ˣÿεÿռ˾ǽп಻ģĸʱѧϰһ׵顣
ҹ꣬ҲҪ̫ѧˡ߻ӵ
˴һ
ʣ߸磬ɣ
Ҫˡ߻ӵ
ͬؿ߻ӡ
߻ȴûоѧã̫ѧܺõģѧϰ֪ʶɴˣ
Ƶͷûһθ̾ɻ̺ӣôӵ߻ӽ̵
ɴˡȻûôִ̫ѧˡ
˱߱˵
ͻȻİĽŲתͷȥһӰ
ĸĹ˰ɣû⣬Ȱˣջʮǳصطŵ÷ȵʱֲ
̫ܵůֻԱ߷һͷܴ
öѼ˻Ӿ
̧СʣĸôôѾ
㸸͸ҳԵġ̫
Ҳ͸ɣƾȵʡ
ǵûУ͸һˡ
Ǿͺãʱ͹ɡƵ
žһģų԰ɡ̫һơ
̫ɣղġƵ
̫ʣô죿
һɡƵ
Գ𣿡̫ʡ
ѾöۡҪΪߴκˣǳǳпԣʲôաըȵȶԣҲؽڵҰС
ãԾԡĸϲƳʶ
ôأƹʡ
ӹﳴһ򵥣˻ӽӻ
߻ӵô󣬳찡
߹𳴣ˣ
ͷԣ
ư⼸Сףں˵˵
˿ɡзḻֵĿ졣
ƸϽ͵˿
̫ͷóȥһ
Ʋһ䣺ӵףϡġ
̫ͷͰŻ˵ð죬ȥţóʲô
ǡ
ûһֶһð˿̫ͦҲгһװ£ū澱ôʢĴ
̫û˵̵ã
̫ЦŻ˵þǺãɡ
ǡ
һ˿ŵСϣȣĻɫһӨĹ˱ǡ
ƶһ̫
ĸȳƵ
̫Цӣ˿ű֭˿ϣӨĹʶرǺóԵġ
û뵽ھͲһ㣬˲˿ǻ̡ںϵļ׽һ£˿ͬʱǵȫһĿڸУˬˬģ̲סٳڡ
ó𣿡ʡ
óԣ̫ն˵óԣ
һ¿ˮ
ƶ㳢̫ȼ˿ơ
ƲҪˡ
ζ
˿
ΪȰĴ̫ˣ
ܵܣʲôζѽ߹Ȳʡ
㣬Ҳ߹
̫󰤸ι߹ˡ
߹һúóԡ
Ȼ˺ֱ̫Ӱһ˿Թˡ
˻ӱӺ֭
߹С֣ӵ˵ܵܣҺһڡ
Ҳȡ
߻곤һ㣬һ߳ĵģû˼˵ԼҲȡ
С졣
˺ˣûӹӡ̫˵ţﷴСӣЦٳǳԡ
Ƶá
ϰҪʵһӳһ
Կġ
¡ϳԵ˴˿ⲽССʵ棬ȿɵʳҲƷǼ򵥵͡κʹףζ棬ʵ棬Ҵκ֮氡
糯ʹһʳĴ˿ϳƷ
ζ׷ǵģһԣֲ¡۸˻ˡ
һ³Ե˴ȰʹƺСĳӣͳһоԷ
ʣ㲻Ҫɡһ
ϵ˻ӵ
߹ӻ㶼ˣʲôѽ
˻ӵͷ
¡ηǵûкЦһѽƱǣƶ˵öԣ޵ĴҲˣ֡
ƲҪ¡۱ĸ
̫Ͻӹƣʵۣƶˡ
¡ЦЦ
̫ƵСԴƷ£ȥɣĸ㸸¶
Ƶһϼɡ
̫ʣϼʲô
˿ĸԡ
Т˳̫ͷãȥɡ
ó˷ݴ˿ϼţȻһ뿪Ȱ
ߵ·ڴ˷ֿ
ƴϼ˼ǰߡ
ûһǰյĽŲƺڸ


72 
Ż, ôˣͣ²ӣ˲ʡ
ϸŲͣˡ
Żӣǲﲻæ۲Ƶɫ
ƻش𣺡С
ǡ
߰ɡ
ǡ
Ƽǰ, ǸŲˡ
ȥ, ľס, ֪ǸŲ˭
ǹˣ
Ҫʹ
Ҫ̽Ϣ
̫
ǰ, ƾŲԷǸŮˣǸŮˡţ߽ϼƹӰ, Թ˵ʳ͵ڡ
ǡ˴Ӧǰߡ
תߣƹӰڣܳϼ󣬹ȻԶһŮˡ
ݳüĿ, Щ㲣û뵽ƻ֣϶ʱȻ
ϵڸңʡ
ǡŮ˻
ưСʣϵ˭
ˡ΢΢Żӡ
ˣ
ӵĸ
˵ˣںܶ϶ûм, ȷʣϵĸ
˵ǡ
Ʋʣʲô
ǰ, ǺƱһ룬:˵Żֳ츣, Ťתӵˡ
ƺòܻشϵ
˵ϲŻӡ
ллȻܡ
ԥһ, ѵؿʣ֪, ŻܲҲһ£
һ¡
ûɣ
ֻǸĺӰ
ѵǸܵεģ
ʣܰ
, ̫ǰĺ, ȥ̫˵öӺһ϶ӦһСӵӣֻҪ˵ˡ
˵Ҳûë̫ƺûоܾ
ƶ
һ
ƻͷĸ
ƣˡ
񣺡μ
ɡ
ǡ
Ƶ˽ϰԵغƶûеõӦҲƣŵĸϽԺӣվǽ˵ͷʣƶʲô
ƿˡ
˽ŵ˵ں;Ż˵
Ժ˵
˲˵һ֣뵽ʲôͷ
롣
˷ǳнظ

¡
ʣ֪ʲô˵
˵ûͷֱӵŻ飬öܺһع
ƣ¶
Ƶͷ
¿ˣˣŻӻСﶮ顣
ɵͷûб˼
ǸģˣΪβ£
ʵ²Ը檡
һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôˡ
Ƭ̣оûʲôҪ˵ģҲЩ;ŻˣûʲôĻȸˡ
ߡ
˱㼱ˡ
Ʋʣĸ
Ҳǲǣʡ
Ƶͷ
ǲ˵
Ƹо˲ǲ˵ô򵥡
ŵʱƯ˰ͽҲΪ˹ҫ鹣ʵڲ˵˵ͻŵĳƽϲԺŪݣûµĻһ궼Ժһ
ⲻǴ˵еְɣ
ҲͺСӹͨʱȻһЩ˵ӻˣҲӻŹǸСԺ㡣ҡͷ
ͦģ֪˵ãԸЩӣƾ䵥ʱǰ̸һֱй֮ģֻԶԶš
̫ã˿϶֪Ȼ˿Цֿ̲סʣɣĸ粻𣿡
ɣȻҲ㡣
ʲôɣڹ̫ûдڸУһֱûйעӣΪΪԳء
ײ¡
Ϻǣ
ţ
̾ϢһʵǸТ˳ĺӣҲܺãҲǶ˺ܺãŲµһЩΪ֪ôģӾ¡
˲ʲô
Щݡ
ȤŨߴٵĸʲôѾϼ
ܲסƵĥˣĸ˵ˣǧ˵ȥ
ţ˵ȥҾϵ֣ƾСַ״
ϽסƵСֵССͲҪЩ
Ƶͷţĸ˵
ſƶߣСǡ
ûס꡹һЦ
ӵ֪ʶ滹ͦģ֪֡
ȵʣҲ֪˼
ũ˾ԱɣκѾ˲﹬ⶼزٵľǷֳֹĸӿ϶¡ֹˣҼһͷϵ÷ʺó֡
˵ˡסƵС죬˵ˡ
Ƶͷ
֣󣬴ΪŭʱҲ꣬Ҳ֪γͷּӸӵܿҲȥˣһֱ۸硣
ʣӲ𣿡
ҲǲãϲĻӹ
һϵjioϵССƵ
һ۵ʺͨϰռͥһһżӣĸǲġ
ƺ棺ôգ
ȥãĸĵĳԲ˯ãܺ۸磬ûãд˷Ÿĸ˵ܺãĸŰȫġһ㻹ͦлӵģˣ͵Ķݡ
ƽӻǡ
šͷ
˳ƱҲ˰ɡ
ʣԸ
ŰƵͷ
һ˱£ǺãǷǳ
ƵлĸѾ
룬ɱ˵
Ҽ
ͷ
̵ȥ˵һ˵Ȼѹ
һﲻأ
ﲻɣҲ˵һ˵Ȼĸһ˯ŵġƵ
Ҳǵĸ׵ģðգǱº̫󲻸ˣίܾˣǺЩ֮Խ˵İУС
ĸȳ˿꣬ȥ
ͷʳС
ƿ̾ڴ˿ζＫ㣬Ȼһ򣬿ĵ߳ϼˣһ˵
ͷԷһûӰڣ͸Ժŷ죬ؿĲɵؽ
룬ڽ£ǰһߡ
һԺ߿عԺ
ȵػŻӡ
ԲҰߵԺɡƵ
ûϵûϵġ
ҽȥ򿩡ѯʡ
ɡæˮƵ
ܽ
˿žŻӣòֿɰ˵ģرΪֹԽȻֽݸơ
ллˡƽӹ
üһ䣺ŻӲ
ҲЦţˣվͺͻĸ˵ม
ʣ˵ʲô
ƵöѾ
ס


73 
, ˣɡƱ
һ¡˻
ưСˡ
ʣŻӣ˵𣿡
ƶ˵Ѿ
˸ܵƵ, ǸǼ, ת뵽յľܾ, ǵʣ
ĸͬ, ˵Ӻϵˣ԰
ոʮȻˣ̫û˿佱ͶˣȻЩ, Żӣҡҡлл
Һͻĸ˵ĸҪϵͬأȻʮİտ˵̫󣬵Ҫ˵, иһ
˵ǺҲǾŻӰˡ
ƵãǾô˵ɡ
š˵ͷ
ɡ
Żߡ
Ʊ뿪Ժ
ߵϼûãԺĹ軨ݣ˵͸Żӵ, ܺ档
лˡ
ԺĹ뿪
ŷǺ߲, һͻһСȷʵϲġ
ò˵Ǹϸˡ
һ߲, 㿪ʼš
˶ûй, һֱϼš
һ, ճȥȰ̫밲
̫, ĸ밲
յòˡ̫Ц
Цվ, ̫Ｗĸңҡ
Сӣϻе㣬̫ʱЦˣƱϣ𣿡
һһΡҲ˵Ƹոùˡ
̫ʣ³Żˣ
£ҶǶǺôģԼСӵ
ãǻĸιһࡣ
ſСͣ
̫Ҩһ͵ƿС
õ໬ǻüһ䣺úóѾ
̫ûʲôʳģ⸱Сģ֪Ҳһ࣬ﶼ˳ˣһתͷ¡۹ˡ
Ӹĸ밲¡
ɣ𣿡̫ʡ
ûС
ָʵš̫
ǡȥȡš
̫¶ϲɫ¡ۣʣôżʲôǲ¶
ǡ¶עʮָߣҪҲ෽¡۾ֳģֵڴȰˣ̫˵һ˵
ʲô¶
ȺҪ
ǻ𣿡̫ιƺࡣ
ǹϽ˻ֲٽҵǧǴ˴ջǧֳ¡ۺũ˾Ǳ߶̽¶Ҳ䡣
ô̫࣡ȡ
ǰũ˾ûôյأҲҪֳȥһЩȺֲջʱϽٷ䡣¡۵֪ĸô
̫ͷʣƶô
ƵѾ
̫ҲÿԣǾͰջʵ۵˼еֲһЩУƽջҪԡ
ĸģĸ£ջԺضҼһԳȱˡ¡Ц
Ǳá̫ιһࡣ
¡۵ƶϼû𣿡
Ѿ֪¡ôģҲͲáظʡȥӦ¡ˡ
㻹ôࡣ
̰ͷ״ĸ˵ҳԶࡣ
̫ɫһһСѣôжˣ
¡ӣˡ
̫Զ٣ͳԶ٣ǳԵ𡣡
Ƶͷϵҿĵġ
̫ԣǿġ
ĸ㿪ʲôѾְСʡ
ƶʲôĸͿʲô̫Ц
ҿĸҪɣƵ
¡۵ˣʼš
̫ƳԱˣӻǾԲˡ
Բˡ˳˵꣬ԣԲ
ôԲˣ̫ʡ
лѾ˳Ż⣬˵˶ϣʶ¡һۡ
¡۶΢΢һ٣żš
Ƽĸʡĸ硢㡢ܵܡöڣŽԲȱһԲ
ͿԲˡ̫
ΪʲôҪԲղԲղԲ𣿲Բ𣿡һ½ر̫ĸ첲Ҿպͻĸʡĸ硢㡢ܵܡԲ
̫һůȻΪ̫󣬵ʵһ򵥣һԲԲͺġ
¡ȴţӶǡ֡
СС
һʵֶۣݲˣ²¡ۣϼʣĸҲϲԲ𣿡
ĸȻϲ̫
ԺǾһԲ
Ȼ֪һԲܵģ̫ܹԲʱ򣬾ܵԲͷ˵ãſ¡۵ʵۣȥҲ˰ɡ
¡ۻصɡ
̫ζ˵ֻ꣬Ҳ˰ɡ
¡ûнӻ
̫˳ַŤתˣǻϲضӵҲãһú̫ѧѧ˵ܳΪš
̫󻰶˵ϣ¡Ҳþܾʶȥ꣬Զ˲ȡ֮һ˿˿ھΣǣöӺһع̫ѧúѧϰ
̫ЦŵͷԲˡ
Ѿƿĵ֣룺ҿû˵öӡ仰ġ
ɣȥߣûʳ̫
ĸӥ׽СɡƵ
̫ӹǾǺˣӲʵģԸһ棬ʣô棿
һǹѾ
á̫ͷ
ûһ˹Ȼˡ
̫һӥ׽С˰ʱһ۵Ҳǻ泩
̫Ϣȥˡ
˼ڴȰ񿴳ģһֱ浽ŻصԹƷϼСС򣬲֪͵ġ
Ȼġ
ϵϵԻɣ¡Ȼ鷽ĲˣʥּǷǳٵġ
ͷԣô̫˵ģ
û˵ϵ̫Լ˵ġƱ㽫龭˵˵
ƶ
ƿЦҾϵ
§Ƶϣӹÿ㣬Կ
ӹĺܿġ
תۼ͵ӣ䣬ʹһİѩ
֪¡ȥͶˣҪ㣬ҲûС项ñˣҲˣ㴩ϴ멣Ҫ㡣
ҲȥƵ
ġܶ
Ҳ¡
ڱѩţӺܺãûоָܾƹ˼멣ðɡ߰ɡ
ĸһš
ǽ󹬵ıؾ֮·¡̫ۡһЩ⣬ڴͣ¡
ѩ̫ˣ֪·Ϻòãֹһ䡣
Ųһתͷˡ
ƺ
ʣʲôأ
˻صūӶӣϢ
ֶǲԸŵģ
ˡ˵˵
̧һһʻ˹
ˡ˵
ͣš
ƿ̽Դĸܵܣ
磩һ𺰡

ǰһ¥㣺ڻˣ
Ŀ
䲻䣿ùе´Ҫϡ
֪ԼҪعˣһֱţڵȵعһգһƬõ멣Ҳ䣬ȵòˡ
ӡ˻һ
һͷȥֻһӰشվӲſǸʮһ꣬پͦΣüĿȴЩĮ
硣ͷһ
Ӧһ񣺡
ӲؿЦ
磬ҳǰĵܵܣŻơЦŽơ
ӴƳССһۡ
Ҫȭ񣬱ӵ߰ɡ
æƵҾȻС׷ӡ
֪Ӳϲֵܽãû뵽ôϲתͷӣȻӼϴһ˵ưײһƵĺۼżֲڣӴϸɼƺеܲסоһ̾ͻϡ
ѣ磬ɣ
Ҳûƣǰߡ
գСİֵ
һȻѿžĶһء


74 
, ˡ
ƣ

㣺
˸Ͻӣ㶫ˡ
ӻͷ
˸Ͻ
ʶؿһ۲Զơ
ƵҶ˵ɣա
Ӳ, 
ǰ, Ϊ˵, 㲻Ҫҵܵܵ, С
Ӳ˵
ֵ磬ҵİðɡ
áӾܾ
İװ𣿡㿴һ۶ӵư
ܡ½װãֱӰѰڻ, Ҳȥɣˡ
һǿ磬㲻Ҫҵܵܵ
û˵Ӻƽ˵
ͷţҵܵܺܺõġ
תͷߡ
תͷƺ
գ۾
ûӵĻ, ͵¶ƶ
ûйֵܵܣ˲ġ
Ǿͺá
ƵСֵܵܣĸǻؼҡ
ؼң֡
ĸ߽ϼ, ϼĵյ, ˲߽˴һֵȾ˷纮Ͻˮ
ϵĴ, Ľˮ֮, ĸ˱Χһ˵, ˵һա
ڶ, ĸȥ¡̫ۡͻʺ
ʽعʹ
ĸһڵعʹ԰ӡ
ѩ, ÷;һЩɣҲõνġ项̹Ȼ˴кȻ󷽷߻ϼӿһɣ·һ㡣
лܵܡ̲ס
лʲôѾʡ
ҺĸϺӵġȻûгߣǶ飬֪ԼڵĺӶǵܸܵġ
һ˾ͲҪҪ˵һƵ
һǻжģССͻȻðôһһСĸоһЦ
ƵСܵܣĶѧ⻰
ҼļġƵ

Ѿĺ度ġӰء
ţ度һ
Ҳϲ䣬ˡ
ˣҲġ
ϼﲻ֪ͳ˻գһֱţܿؾҪˣﶼʼ׼ꡣ
һͿĸڲúֽ
ܵˡ
ţڸʲôѾʡ
ڲֽд
磬д𣿡ʡ
Ƶͷţĸд
ۣҿ
һûдתͷżڼֽ
ƶĸڼСĴ㡣²С˵ƣϽѡ
վŲ
ʱȰй˹͸ƺܶɹ֮ģ˵Ǹƹ굱ġ
öడһӸɳԣ𡣡
һʱҲԲꡣ
ԸһЩ𣿡ͻȻ
ơ
Ƶ԰
Ͼ͸͡Ŀ⿴ơ
Ƶͷá
Ȼ뵽ǸƾɵİЩ˲ó裬٣ӹҲ׾ݣȻȻ뵽ԼǵƶЩ̫ˣЩĶһ͹ȥɡ
ʲôʡ
ȥһЩҲлӶչˡ
šͷ
ٶҲȥ˵ģʱ¶ƶȥȥ
á
סܵܣܣžͲˡ
֪ˡ
ĸġƵ
ĵľˡ
ļܣ¡
˵û¶һһģ̫󿴲ȻһȺ˶Ҫܷ
Ҳ֪ԼĶţ̫̰ˡ
ˣȥɡ
ƵС
ϼ֣ﰲˡ
ǰߵš
ű򿪡
æ񣺡ū澲μӣμŻӡ
ɣأʡ
ūȥ롣˵
ͷ
ĴϴʱԺҲǺֲܶˡ
ܡվڵڻ
硣߽ȥ
ӿһû˵
Ƶһνͺϼһʮֵļӡ
ܣôˣʡ
͵Ʒù˰Ѷڷŵϡ
㡪
ĸ˵лڷҵչˡ
ô˵չ㣬໥֡
չҡ㲻˼ǰ˵ȥʱĸڱ޵ȵ£ÿѹʱ򣬶Ƕ취οġ
ҡ˵ʲôȻﴫžડһϽתܡ
ƻһۣܽ䣬һۿڴˡ
ɫƵڴϡ
ĸӸϽߵǰ
ҲСŪůˮҪġ˵
ϵůˮģ˵ıѡ
ЦЦſſվŵƣŻӡ
ˡ򴲱ߡ
ŻӣǱȾ˷纮ǾͲˡƶһѣǳȥ档
ɡ
ƵС֡
ƿһˣһ߳
磬ôˣʡ
Ⱦ˷纮ӵ
̫ҽ
ˣѾҩˣõĲˡӵ
üɰɣʡ
ӿƣƺô֪
Ƶ֮ǰ˶һ軨һ仨ģüûɡ
ʣĸ͹
ϵƵͷ
Ϊʲô
ûкͶ˵Լ˵¶Ҳ˵ΪҿɰѾ
ӣ
ҵܾܵǿɰöϲġ
ƣȻ׸磬׵ܵ˾
ӵܣлл͵Ķĸδôǻǻȥɡ
̡
Ƶůůģܿ
ͷԡ
Ӳ˵
ֱӵûӰɣ
ӲؿƣԳĸź׾ݵӣĸԹһ
󣬽̫ѧһЩ飬˺󹬵׸ʵĲԹͬʱҲĻӹ
ڷʱ㣬뵽Լſʼ㽻á
˵Ƶĸֺãûв˿øС
ǰջСһﳤðװ۵ģرÿҲͺÿɣǲ֪Сһ˵ֱӣֱӵİѿһѶ
һҲСһʵСһôֱʻܶθڣоСһĶһеϲ
ܵܡӲ̫á
ƵЩӣ˸һǣЩ̿һգůɣ˾ͺɡ
ֱӵûӣ
Ѿƴӿڴͳһӣż⣬̧С첲žһĵϣʱĸоˬ
Ӻ㲻˵
ͳһӣžһĵϡ
ӺеԾ
ž
žž
žžž
תۼ䣬Ͼɵϰһոµӡ
ӺʱĿࡣ


75 ׽棩
̧С°ͿӺ, һҶǮС
Ѿ˵
һĶӣһʮʮ, ˵Ⱥܶһµķࡣ
ʣܵ, Ķôӣ
ƽصҼļ׬ģ
㲻ʣô׬ģ
, , ϵũ˾˾˰
ܵٺ»ľ٣ÿ¡¡ºʮٺ»ܵӦǸ
ʣô
ʵϲ
һ£ʣĸ֪𣿡
Ƶͷ
ͬװܣ
ϵ, ҲԼ
𣿡㿴ϵһСӡ
أҺܿѾʮҲһأƴ󲿷ʱ䶼Ǵʮӡ
Զԡ
ƵСţСֵ棬ĵ, ȥðɣһС
ӻʣ㻹ӣ
Ƶͷ
Ͷͬʹ࣬ͰѶӵһˣ˵Ŷ, ֱƣܵ, 㻹жӣ
һ£ٺ»֮󣬻ĸĸԼ, , һжʮ
ô࣡ͶȻΪκ, Ǵκƶ, Ժû, Ҳûܶӡ
ÿٺ»ʮһʮ˵ũ˾йҺ˾һʮһϵõʱĶҪˡ
࣡ٴθп
ţҲͦԼ롣
ӽӻҲҪ
һ㶣ʣΪʲô
˵ҲװҪ˵ӡ
֪
֪ӻ˵Ļǰվͷ⺢񣬸ʲôлů߽ûãƽؽף˵װ׸Ѿ
Ӻһ㶡
ưСøд
ʣдʲô
ƻش𣺡
úܲ˼顣
ϵ׬Ӻġȥũ˾Ȼ꿨ͻˣÿضҪ·ӣģܰװ׸ˡ
Զԡ
ơ
Ƶ磬Ͼ͹ɣŷᷢԵģ˻ţͳԲɣ
첻˵
ЩΪѵ˵ܵܣûӻ㡣
׬Ѿû˿ͬЭ
ô׬
úѧϰѾƹһԺӵҺúѧϰҾ׬öӣҲꡣ
ѣܵܣˡ
ƾʱϵѾ
ðɡͷ
Ƶ綼ʮɣʮ꣡ôˣ
дͻȻ
Ѿ̴ӦֵĲˡ
ȥֽʡӻˡ
ƸϽһ䣺ӡ࣬Ҳд֡
ӵӡࡣ
磬д֪Ӻ׾ݣû뵽ô׾ݣӣһԥӣǵܵܵģûа취棬ŵܵöдͦΪģʵҲԲдҵܵܵ
ӲûоΪ飬ƶд
ûһֽʡ
ƿ˿ֲڵֽʵ磬ʮɡ
дȻ󽻸ơ
ƽӹݸ㣺磬ҿ
㲻ʣʲô
᲻ƭҡ
ġᶨص
ֵˣ㿴һ鰡Ƽ֡
ֻÿһ顣
дʲô
ʮ㲻˼ӵĽ
ûΪ㣬ӽʮӣ˵Ըﻹһ档
ӹϵãǩ֣Ұӡ
ǩ֡
ĴĴָմӡ࣬ϣȻѽ۵ˣװţתܳ
ܵܣʲôʡ
Ҳ׿ȥ
ܵϼǰ˵仰
ϼ˵ݸһ
Ųܻһ̣ϵʮһʮ
оܵĶصĶӡ
Ӵ򿪲һۡ
ʣϵʮɣ
ӵʮ
ɣɡƵ
ӽãҲ磬ϽЩ졢̿ͲƷ
ӵͷ
ּһ䣺Ҫżӣʮ󻹡
ֱӵòʮ꣬һܿ컹㡣
ѾСԴ
ӵͷ
ֵ磬߰ɡ
ͷӵ磬ˡ
ӵͷš
ߡ߳
վԭؿССıӰĸһֱܳ裬ǶйԸκ˵ͬʩᣬóӵʱһӦǾֻܾû뵽ǽ
нл
ôС˵ֱӣκθɫʣʱû˸ҶƲ˺øС
ͷϿϰڷӣð˿˿ƵůӸ˵ȥ˾̿
ǡӦ
շ¶Ҫ
ǡ
ˡ
ӽȥˡ
ʱصϼ
ܿ˿ĸûл
ơšһ᷿ߡ
᷿ǰˮˮһתͷſڵϣӴקһСľӣó嶧װڴֹڴĹģ衣
ܵܣʲôˮʡ
װӡưСľƽ棬ͷ˵磬㲻ӡ
Цõ˵Ҳӡ
վ
ʣÿ϶װӣ
Ȼػش𣺡ϵ
ƶˡ߽
Ƴˣĸ
һۿϵĻҳæ㿪ȻץסƵĸ첲ȥϵĻҳģˣ
װءӻ
װӣСԡ
ĸܵһһ飬ѵġ
˲ඥ
Ծһװɵġ
ĸоƾү͸ǵģǺܲһЩǷΪĺÿɰ̲סЦ
Ǻƿĵ̫ˣֹϴôӡ
ˬӦ
ʣӦˣ
ƵͷͷҸʣӻƱţͲɡ
˲
׷ʣĸ𣿡
ԣС
ƿĵ§
ƣѯʹڶӺ˵
ʵ棬Ǯ¶
ͷͷĸͻ˵һ˾˰ʱظ˷ŷ
ͷҲֻܰһ㣬ʣµľҪ˺ͶԼˡ
ƣˣæˣǼֽɡ
áƵͷ
ĸֿʼæŹ¶
ææѩˣϼѩһأ̫ѧҲżˣ߹߻Ӱ˻Ӷˣ
˰᷿ġ
ݵֻǽˡ
ŵܵܣ̫Сɣһ
ϵ˻Ӹ͡
ôס߹ʡ
ƽͣΪʱססĸǶ㣬԰ᵽסɡ
Сӣ̫СǶվ¡
߹ͷǳȥɡ
ʣʲô
ѩ߹
߻ӵѩ̺ͶѩǶ˺öˡ
ȱȱˣ
ӵԣ
ӻҪǶǿġ
Ȥˣʲô
㻹û˵Ժ˵
תͷȥӺ߽ϼ


76 С
, ǾǶ𣿡߹ʶӡ
ش𣺡Ƕ硣
ѩ
ţ
߹ػӶС첲磡
ӳ߿һۣȻǰ
߹ʱˣôˣ
ƽ͵㣬ʶ, ԲŲġ
˸ͣԡ
߹Ϊ˵Ļ, ȼ, ĵ˵ȥʶ硣
ȥ
߹תͷʣΪʲô
ϲ͡С档㲻˵ṬĻӹ, ߹ǵġ
ҲСѽ߹ֱ׳˵
ҲСӡ˶ԼСӡ
ֻеܵСӡ߹ָƵ
Զԡ
ͻȻ֮䲻֪˵ʲôˡ
ŵܵܡһ
Ƶתͷȥվڴǰ
磬ʲôѾʡ
ĸġӽһƵݸơ
ôңʡ
ӵĸ˵ллǰ͵Ʒ
ֽ˹ʣ, ˲ɣ
ţȬˡ˵꣬תߡ
硣ƸϽ
ӻͷ
˵ѩƵ
ӿһ㣬ȻƵͷ, һ㡣
磬ʲô߹ȤȻʡ
˻ӵǻѩ̡
߻ӵѩҲ
Ӳ߹ˣƣ˵ʲô
ظ߹Ļʲô
ѩӵ
ôģʡ
Ӹߴ»Ӵ
ƻûڴκֻѩ϶ʮִ̼, Խ𣿡
ԡӵ
ԣ
Ϳˣ
ŶӶ߹ǲ, ȴˬشӦƵҪˣ⡭ֱʶĶӣ廰, Ҫ̵ܵܣ
ӵͷ
᷿Ŀռ̫С, ȥһ, ղײգ, ھȥɡ
ӵͷ
Ҳȥһ
Ӳᡣ
ƿһӵ˵, һȥѩ
ӵ䡣˼ǲ档
Ҳˣ˶ְµģһֱǶ죬ġ
˸ͣԶԶԡ
ƣޱ˵㡣
תͷ˵һȥѾ
һ𻶺һȥ
Ͻ廰ܵܣһ£ȥĸ˵һȻᵣĵġ
ƴߴٵȥǴѣ磬ȵǡ
ӵͷ
ʱֻһˡ
أʡ
Ѿˡ
ô죿ͦȵġ
ţͲ˵ţΪ˸лǲų˾нĺܣҲ˼͵
뵽˵ȷʵˣͷ
ܵأ󿴡
ܵڴѡ˵⣺ĸ˵һҪȥѩ
ѩĻѩƽػȥ
ţͶһ𻬡
ʣһ𣿡
šͷ
ôԸģ֪Ӽϲ¡۵ĶŮǣÿζԶԶš
ܵ˵һ𻬣ʹӦˡ
ԵɣЦԭܵ˵ġ
ţôܵܵĻأ㲻⡣
ܵܵĻͦϲܵܡ
ϲôôϲܵˣ֪ܵܺܿɰ˶ϲܵܣҲϲܵܣû뵽ôϲܵˡ
Ȼ¡ۺ̫вǴˣҲǱˣ֪ܶģЦЦһҲ죬㿴ǸļǿĵĺӣΪ˵İⶼǿǲǣ
룬ȷʵģͷš
ŵܵܵİͽ֮£Ʋʵʵֹƽ֮кضӣԶӿԺ޸ؽܣȻƶֿɰ
һˡ
ЦŵͷԶϲƶһҲ졣
ţܵа취п
ǴУƾȫõġ
ҲôΪ
磡溰
磬ûУ߹һ𺰡
˻Ҳ磬Ѽ
ĸȥѩˡ
עⰲȫ
֪
һҪúùܵܣ֪Σյġ
ţĸİɡ
㿪ĵܳӣܺõƶӵ֮У˸һƺƵԱߵһСɽ߽С
СɽϸǺһѩ
ʶ뵽ʮһ͵ĵ廬ѩžͿߵɽ£һѩȡ壬ݸһƵ㿴
͵ͷ
ӺһСѩɽһѩ
濴š
ƷСѩɽһѩӾ
߹ʣڸʲô
滬ɣʡ
øѽ᲻ˤ˻ʡ
ᣬ̫ѧ˻ĺģӵ
һֹһ߰ͷŶӺСɽӽŲŻ壬˳˳ػ
ۣ˾
ʲôۣվڻϵ绹ûл
㲻ǻ𣿡߹
һĲ硣㻬ѩҲѧϰġ
ʼˡָСɽϵ
˸һССɽϿ
ֻӲڻϣСɽͣƬ̣ƺڵȻͻȻһɽӵ˾ṦһٿڿնڿҲ֪ת˶Ȧ项һŻѩϣһȦѩžžش˵Сϡ
СְȻһ̾ؿŶӡ
⣡
»Ửѩھˮƽ
һؿӡ
ۣ
ҲҪѧҲҪѧ߹
ҲѧҲѧ߻Ӱ˻Ӻżŵ
Ӳǣƣѧ
Ƶͷ
ӺȻִѩóһ
ʲôƿһ𣬲֪Ҫʲô
Ȼ˵̫Сˣȴ
һʺţǸŶСɽ
ӱƣһţһơ
ͻˡ
ӻŻʣ𣿡
⡢Ҳ̫ˣСء
ָŶĻ磬Ҫվ壬ҪĻ
Сûоܾİѻһԡ
Ƽ˷ܵزȥԼӥһڿа裬һ͡žߴһˤ
˳֮ͬˤ
ˤһѩ
յʣôɲأ
Ҷվȣ߹Сüͷ
ˤƨɶˡĵƨϵѩ
˻ѩҶԵѩˡ
߻̫ܽСˣ˻ġ
̾ǻɡ
˲ò
תͷ磬磬Ҫȥม
Ͷӵͷ
˻سСɽͺͶӡ
˭
ֻһˣƵ£קѩӣС֣߹߻ӣ˰˻ӡ
˸۵ͨ죬ѩ
ˮ
˸̺ȿˮ
ͳĵĸһ飬һӣԣ
ûнӡ
ҲϻֱӽС
ӿһ⣬ζӳ֮ʣȻţɡӸɡȵȣ߹߻Ӱ˻Ӹġ
ϰߺͻӹô׽ŤĲˣ̧˸ûа¶ϣһСƵģ죬Էĳԡ
磬԰ɡ
ӵͷ죬ǵһͬʱӵôֶ죬ֿһֻСıŤĪˡ
һ⵽ߣҧһ£еɣӵζŨŵζͼӰػЩϵۣƲסسţɡӸɡȵȡ
ͦóԵġ
ɣԱƵ
߹ܵܣǼѩѽ
˸ͣߣ
Ա˵ֻСֿʼСɽȫûСʩ᡹ڶӺֺͻȻĺǲ˷еСУͦ͡ɰġ
֮УȻ磬
ӻͷ˼ǿƳӦžһһſѩ
ˣܵܣ
Թ磬ôأ
ӵ԰Ƕˣô
߹ˣǾͲˤˡ
߻Ӱ˻ӵ԰
ӣ˭ո˵ͦɰģ


77 
ܵ, û¶ɣʡ
Сƴѩվ
תͷ˺Ͷӡ
˶û¶
ӻصҲû¶
㰵һ
ԼСҶһѩɡ
ڣҲˡ
ϵѩұﶼѩ
߹ĸ첲ϵѩߵѩöడ
߻ҡͷҡԴϵѩ
˻ѩѩѩѩҲööࡣ
ϵѩҲ, ͷš
硣ƻһ
ơ
˵һԶ㡣
ӵͷԡ
Զ, Ƕˤˡӻ
߹߻ӺͰ˻˵ͷԡ
ʣ𣿡
һ, ȴӵĴ𸴡
⡭˽ǽͷһҰ, һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôãε֪ˡ
ãǼƵ
˴Ӧ
һСɽֱ, һ˸߲ҵػûжӵһԽѩ
Ͻȥƣܵܣ
˴ѩ
һѩãȻʵˤˣ
ѩϵ粻ǣҲˤѽ
߻ӻȻһ㣺ողֶѽ
߹˻ӿӡ
ڵԱ, û˵
ȵ磬Բ𡣡
߹ŵ磬Ҵˡ
ԣû, Ҳˤ
ղײˡ߻ӵ
Ӱ˻ӸӵǸ
΢΢һ㶡
֪ˤΪʧ, úǼƽϣû뵽õ˳ϿҵĵǸһξǰֻͦɰ, ̲סûϵ
, 㲻Ҫม˻ص
ӵ
, ã߹Ц۾
绹ģ
, ɽϺĻ_վˣ߻۳ݡ
һӵ
µһ߹ŵ
, ﶼˤ߻ӵ
˵ͷš
Ϊ佱⣬峺ޱȣװ׵ʵ⣬ͻȻЩ˼վ˵ҽǣǾͲˤ
棿һʡ
ӵͷϵ
˴ȥ
Ŀɿڴվһԣûϵһ죬ӿ̻ӹǻѩ
ʶؿƣ²ǵܵܵĹ͡
ʵϾǵܵƵĹ͡
Ƹոպ˳ԱһСɽɽҪһЩѩĴ̼Ÿո˻ӾͼˣҪһ
ҲֻʹӦˡ
֪Żžͳײȥ
Ͻѡ
Ӷײˡ
ϵĲãʶҪǸǶӱȻǷ˼ˡ
һõܵõݣɿɰһѡһҡ˵ǶӵĴ
ȻĲǼƽˡ
ִһöԶǣ˼ѩǲ˵ʶˤͶ޹أȻȻӵǸ
һһ֮ĵǸӲõܵ÷ˣһȻ顣
Ĳ֪ܵǸͬʱҲˡһжǰԤķչǸ
𣿡˵һĶʡ
ƻһͷţ
ٻһΡӵ
áһ
˸ٴСѩɽİɽ
˷ֱն˵ģ΢΢ҲҶ˳ػɽ£ûˤѩ
磬Ĵָ
˸ŴһѲʺƨ

ӵȫ̽ܡ
ƵǼ
˵ͷӦ
˸Ͷӻѩһ硣
صԹ˯ҶӻѩϻصԹѩڻû취ѩû뵽䶼ƮһʱѩյɽһѩÿԾ滬ѩ
ܿأѩ
˫ľЬ
˿ڻϻһ˵໽Уδζʱ䡣
ŻӸˡϼ
˵߹ʳѱá
˻ӣڵء»˵
Ϊ˲ĹΪѣƵǻȥŰɡ
ŴӦ
һͶ˵ټ
ӵͷ
Ƶ߽ϼƹӰڣһۿͬ˵֡
֡ƿĵػ
Żӣɻˡɫ˲͡
ţأôɣ
̫㰮ԵĿ⣬ūȥƷ
ƿһȥѾ
Ц˵ǳϦæúܣĸͲȥˣȥƷɡ
ӻҽĸš
Ҳûǿǣһ˺Ȱһĸͼ̫
㻹֪̫Թ
նѾƵ
ߣûһ̫ѾϰڴȰˣ⼸ӰˣȰﰲģǲʡ
ʵȥѩɡ
Ķѩ
󸽽Сɽϡ
ɽϻѩ̫ȵʡ
ҡҡСԴϵɽ»ú棬öѩúÿ
𣿡̫ûȥǱߡ
صͷ԰ӺÿĸҴȥѾ
̫ƵСԴղУﶼҪæż룬ĸ߲
Ǿ͹ȥ
̫УϦ԰ǻζСɽ
Ƶͷʱһѩĸ
ʱѩ𣿡
϶УĸҪѩүͻѩ
̫ԴЦ
үѩ
Ϧѩͣˣ̫ʹǴһϾİһ㣬õĲ񻰡
˵ЩСӿģ̫¡ۻʺ˿ҲãһȺƵزȰһѩһ߳Сɽߡ
治¡۵
ǰǰû̫
ͦľġʺ

һȺ̾󸽽СɽСɽϵĻľһİ£̫˸ӰĹâ
̫ƶ˵Ĳ
¡۸ֵͷʫʫ
һ佱
̫ƶ㲻Ҫѩĸ𣿡
ƵҺһ𻬡
С̫
ƺˡ
˴ѩǳľЬϵСϣڻֵػţڱѩ޵Сӹһ㣬ʮֿɰ
¡۵һοСȵıݡ
ɶԼҺӿ
̫ĿתؿƵƶƶÿ
佱˻ĸӵ⣬Ȼžһͬʱˤڵء
¡̫һ㶡
˻ûǰȥһ
תͷʣôѾ
߹ʣôˤˣ
ǰ˵ܵˤġ
ϵңϵ硣˻ӵ
ӽͣңߵܵܡ
߻ӿӵ磬㣬ǿ佱㣬㽾ˣûվȣ
ӵҲ
˻֣˵ʹ˲
߹ûнǿģҰ
ûС
ոպгÿӣֱѩڧ
¡̫˱һСӶʮڧ̲סЦ
Сɽһʱޱȡ
ƽľЬѩؿ֨죬̫ǰһĸ
ƶˤûУ̫ƵСʡ
УĸлÿǺģȻûʲôǿɰ͹ˣû뵽ˤӡ
ÿ㻬ĺܺÿĸϲˤرɰ
Ƶÿ绬ÿ
ӣ̫졣
ţö绬㿴϶ϡƵ
̫ʵ뿴ӱݣСƶô˵ˣҲþܾã绬
תȺȥܵӸǰЩɲסӣֱӱס㡣
ܵܣСģˤˡ§ơ
ţվɡƷվС磬ѩҿ
ʣСɽϻ𣿡
Ƶͷԡ
ֱӾܾҲ
ʣΪʲô
ӵͲ뻬˿
㻬ɣôѾȰ˵
ӻǾܾҲҪ
ôô׬СǮǮأСüͷ
Աߵ㿴ܵһӣ̲סЦ
ӱ˵
Ͱӻңʮ
һ㶡


78 ˤ
ھͻң׺˵
ŵܵ, 㡪Ӳ֪ô˵ˡ
磬Ҫȥһ°ɡȰ
Ӳ˵
㲻Ǻϲ𣿡
ƣֻ۾Լ, СĹ, ֻڽʳС, ɰĲ, ˲û˾ǿ
ſС졣
ӸϽһ
棿ʡ
档ӵ
ܷܡƵҪĺÿЩ
֪ӵ
ߡ˲ûŭֱŶӵֵĸ͸ʡ
ӱ˦ƵС֣Сůůģ޷ܾ, ԹԵظ̫¡۸ǰ
̫ƶ˵Ửѩ
ػĸỬһ㡣ӹ˵
̫ͷǾȥҿ
ǡӵ
ȥȥɣúûƵ
ӵͷѩóСɽ
ܿ쵽Сɽ, ˣһۿվǰССơ
ƴ磬ϵ度ģ
ӵ˸Ŵ
ֵܽüŽᣬ̫Եؿġ
Ҳ˵Ƶ˳
¡Щͷ, ΪӾǴСɽϻ, һСƨ
Ӳɽ£չһ壬Ƶ, ΢΢۾, Ƭ, ͻȻɽµȥ
̫ʺһɾһ
¡ֱס
ӹǽŵ۾
Բۡһ, 벻ӻԵ
Լٶȵ, ɽһԾֻչһ㣬ڿչ壬跭ת
ż䣬ȵѩϣһȦѩͬʱͬһʹѩлȻ̫¡۸ǰһ
̫ʺһɴסˡ
¡û˸ղŵĲͷʼԼ۾
ӹڵ
Ƶ磬̫ɣ
̫ӣû¶ɣ
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¡۳ԾشŶӡ
ӵػĸû¶
ĸأʱز廰
̫ûмֻѩʽеյͬʱҲ۷ڶڿ̬Ƿͷ
ÿɣƼʡ
ÿÿ
ϵö绬ĸġ
ƶТ˳̫ƵС
ҲТ˳ģ磬ٻһθĸƿӵ

ӿơ
СֱȻϵϴΣ㻬ǿǸ
Сһƨɣ̫ˡ
ƴߴ٣ȥ
ۿҪծӲò𻬰壬ٴСɽһվɽͿкŴϸ˵Сӡ
һЦȻ׼ٴλѩ
ڲ˵С
̫¡۵˲ٱ̬κһľʶһ۾ŶӣŶǳ˳СɽϷȽһһξ̾֡
̫ʺһɻѹĵȣ֡
ϲԡҺͻѩ¡˽˶ѹֲסĵļֽһã
Ӳؿ¡ۡ
Ƶ˸ſ
¡ۺȻʶԼͶӵĹϵʱЩӼո߳䱱ѧӣ
ʵǲǸñʾһ£̫ϲǡ
¡۸˵ʾ͸ѧӵƷһݸӡ
̫ͷ
һ㶡
͵õʹˣ
ûô׵õʹͣʶؿ̫ߵơ
ƽذС°ͣһҳӡ
ӣл̫
л¡ۡ
¡۵ͷɡ
̫Ǽһѩɡ
¡۵ǡ
һȺΧСɽתһȦȻصȰʼ˳Ϧţ죬Ϸ꣬ȻڰҹУˡ
һּζɢȥһЩ
᷿ĴһӣõѹӣĸģɸģɸģģģģʸģĸġϸŵС
ĸܵСԡһԵ
ɲСغܶӡ
ӡתͷ
òáһЦ
˵ԺҪ¶
Ц
йˣ˵ӾŻȥһˡ߽
ʣ˵ʲô𣿡
ûС˻ء
㡣
Ƶȥ
ͷ
ȥɡ
һһۿڷոµıīֽϹͱЬȵȡ
ϵ͸ģʡ
ӵͷ
ƵСĸʣȻô󷽡
һơ
ʣôˣ
ԺֻҪ˵
ӵͷ
Ӻ˼ͷ
֪˭¡ġƶ˼ӣͷãԺ˵
Ӵӿڴͳӵݸơ
ʣʲô
ӵӡ
ϵʮ
ϲǷ˵ģţȻʮӣʣ¶ʮܣ㼱õĻЩīֽⶼ㡣
ƵҲǮء
Ȼܵ˵öԣ㻹̲ס
ƽŵжӵʱٻҡ
Ķжӣ֪ԼϵʮӣҲΪСɽϵľʱ֣̫¡۵ۣŵЩѹǮȻû˼ǵٵõӡ
ƵѾ
ͶӲؿơ
Ƶ̫ѧܿͿΣ˵ѩʱ򸸻ʿ϶ͱĻӹӮɾϵԼ׬ม
ӺԾȡ
ʥּȻ洫ĵµ˵
˸Ͻּ
ĵµҲǴ¡۵ĿͣӰ̫ѧͬʱҪڷϰѩͬӹ

ĵµ뿪
Ӻޱȵؿơ
ʣܵܣô֪¶ģ
ҲµѾСԴ
£
Ƶͷţĸ˵̫ѧѧϰʷ򡢻滭ϻлѩÿ궼ббӹѩÿζӮʾͺܲˣһֱǴκӮ
ǹöڸǰֵģʡ
ѾƵ
㾪̾ܵܣ̫ˣ
ƺǫصһһ㣬
ϲõתͷӡ
ϲѩе㼤

еϣһģûгԵ죬ӵӻˤءһ
ܵܣ
ŵܵܣ
ӸϽƴӵϱ
塣
Ͻʣܵܣôˣ
ϵӣһû
ӣ
ƲŸоʹֺۡ
ôˣӸϽ鿴
ˡƵ
ˣҪҪ̫ҽʡ
ҪˣһͺˡСüͷ
һţô죿̫֪ˤˣһ۲ãȻˡ
Ƶǿֹ̫ˣ̫ϲ˵ʲôСǰơͶгɼӰԺĳɳ
˳粻ϼɡ
ʣȥĶ
ƵȥǶ
𣿡
ƵûģҳȥǶġ
һΪƵǺҲ֪Ʋ֪һȥǶûֹ
ֺ˵һȻԷ
վԺǰ磬ˤɡ


79 ̫ѧ
ԺѸٴ򿪡
ɽһĵʣŻ, ˤĶˣ
ƾֻС֣ˤɡ
ɽץƵС֣ȥؿûпȻ, ɴƱԺ, ŵǰ, , Ż˵ˤˡ
꣺ҿ
ɽơ
ưС
񴶢ƺС֣ʣôˤģ
ӵϣžˤɣſɡƵ
ʣȴصģ
Ƶͷš
ۣ
š
´, ʣĵط𣿡
ҡͷۡ
½ۣû¶һͺˡ
ŶҲ֪һͺˣԲû⣬ǵͶǣѡ
𣿡ʡ
ССָӣż, СϵĿ⴮⡢С˺һʳͦҲԼ, , Ҿ԰ɡ
ɽð
֣ȥӡ
תȥӡ
Ƶʦ㱧ӡ
ɽƱϡ
ƿ, ιมɽŵװס
ɽŻ, Ϊʦι㡣ͽôɰ, ʦչչˡ
ƾܾҪʦι
ΪΣ
͡Ҫ񴳤úÿһ, ÿԽѦ̵, һ񴣬ؿ񴣺磬ιҡ
ͣ
᣿
ɽҲԼˣ
꿡񴣬룺Ҳͳѡ
񴿴ƣ˵ܾĻ
ƵҪһ׷
ӹֵݹӣʢһ׷ȻҨһ׷͵ǰ
ָųӵ㵰
ֻüһƬ͵ߡ
ơءһԵУ۾ģúóԡ
Զ𣿡ʡ
šƵͷ
ִӵһ񣬻׷ιơ
ֺǺǵسš
ɽԱ߿š
Եˡ
˲óԡƵ
͵ߡ
ֻó£ҳ壬ö⡣
ߣ⴮
Ƶ磬ݷݺóԡ
Ѽιơ
ֵ̫ԶɣϣҾͲÿɡ
棬һһ׵ιơ
ֵ磬ҪƬ⡣
ι
磬Һݷ
ι
Ʋͣ˵š
һһš
ɽǿһˡ
ƳԱˣɣɡ
Աˣʡ
ɡƵ
ƵףԼ꣬š
Ա߿š
Ƭ֮ꡣ
ʣ磬Աɣ
š΢΢ͷ
Ƶȥʳ
ȥĶ
档
һƬ֡
Ѿ
͸ƵԺ⿴ӣ»ص鷿鷿Ѿȼ裬ůڵģһſС˯ˡ
ʱСϣϸźıӡ
תͷȥ鰸ǰдʲôֱͦĿרעԽԵúÿǱѧϰù
ˣ񴿴
š
񴽫Ƶ˽н
˸ƴѥӵŻӣǸûȥˡ
վӣߵǰͻȻ鰸һһֵСӣе죬ʣڻң
ʡ
һݵ㰡Ƶ
һ£û뵽ƹע棬̲סЦ
Ƶػ̫ɡ
ãʱػЦ
ţһؼɡߵſڣȻͷΪùѧϰû뵽㲻ѧ
Ц
ǰֻͷҪһݵ㣡ݵ㣡
ͷá
ˡ
鰸ǰԼĻЦ
Ƴ˷Էϻֹˣ߷߲ƽģһֱϼ
ܵܣֻ𣿡ʡ
ͲɡСָ㿴
Ǿͺá
ĸأ
ĸ˯ȥɣҪʰ鼮ҹվҪѧˡ
Ұ㰡
ԣҡ
šƵͷ
鷿ƾͺһ飬ŷıīֽѾʮϾɣڶܵ˾˶õıīֽ͸㡣
͸ҵģ㾪ϲʡ
šƵͷ
ĸ׼ءӻ
ϵӵĸɣӣ
Цƶ󷽡
Ҿϵ󷽰ȻƾǸСԣǸûӣ͵ƷûĹһ߸һף
㻹߻ˣʡ
ţ߸ҲҪ̫ѧɡ
УԼӣԼ
Ƶͷ
ûһ˹ˡ
ưѱīֽ͸߻ӡ
߻ӿĵĲˡ
ɻʣŵܵܣΪθߵܱܵīֽ⣿
ߵܵܵһ̫ѧƵ
ҵһ̫ѧҲûиѾ
ʱӰƵ
ѽ
ϵ㲻ϵһ̫ѧƵ
кööӵģ߹§Ƶ㲻Ҫҵܵܵˡ
ӱǳԴ׾ŵܵܶߵܵܺãŵ֮ܵܽ˵ӣʱ˾Ҿкööӣ꣬游ָҺöࡣ
٣ư֮ȼա
˵ˣǲ˵ȥมӵ
˵ͷ
Сһӣѹģ
ۣ˾
˲ԼǸˣ˵Ҹһһķı
˵ã
ս̫ѧ򣡡ӵ
ǿԽ̫ѧ𣿡ʡ
ӵͷԣþŵܵܺͻĸ˵һ£̫ܽѧ
һơ
ƵͷãҺͻĸ˵һ˵
˵ͷ
Ƶ磬ͺ̫˵ˣ߻̫ѧ¶ֵ̫֪ܽøܺãʹӦˡ
һ磬˾ܵϼƺ㡣
ܵܣ㰡߹ߴ١
Ӧš
һӣÿ
ܵܣ߰ɡ
Ƶͷ
߸߳ϼ
ȻʣնҲѧɡ
ȥѩˣһ𡣡
˻ӵѩõһ˻رݶӵĻѩܡ
߹˵϶һ
ӵͷҲΪӿõһ
߸һ̫ѧſڡ
̫ѧտѧǸѧӣźͳ඼ͬͶڰϣÿ˶߹߻Ӱ˻˸ߴǶʱСС
߻̲סøѽ
Ǵˣ
˻ӰСһ߸жʮġ
ҵܵأ߹ͻȻܵܣ
վ߹ߵƣ׿𣿡
߹ƵСֵûܵܣ֣㣬߸磬˵ܵܣְ
ʣΪʲô֣
߹С֣Ǿ֪һģ۸ǣ۸߸ˣ
˻̸ͣԣ
߻ӸϽ֣죬һ𡣡
Ӻ
תۼ˾֣վһţߵ̫ѧſڡ
̫ѧѧһתͷ
˻ӵö˿Ѽ
ǿ˶డ߹
ͷ˶࣬Ǿͺˣ
˵ǰͬʱ̫ͣѧ߸ߵżǰ
żø߰
߹һƣһ߻ӣӻƵذС̧ø߸ߵģСǿż
˻ֱӵǿ粻ȥѼ
߻ӵǲҪֿ֣粻ġ
ɿ֡
ߵ߻Щؿż̫ѧһͷ߹Ͱ˻ĸֺԲһڸżϡ
̫ѧѧǼ״Ц


80 
˭Цſżϵİ˻ӳʡ
ŬĴѧӡ
Цʲô߹̧Сȹż
ЦǡƵ
ЦǸʲô߹˻һʡ
Цǽ̫ѧ߹
ܵ, ұȥ
ҪҼļȥѾżϡ
ҲҪԼ˻ӵ
ԣ߹һӦ
һԼֵĸԣ߻ֻվżϿ˷ż
̫ѧѧд, ѵôȤ, һͣۿ, С첲ȶ, Ŭӣǰʹ̲ס
̧һ㣡
һ㣡
ʹ


ӣ
Ҳ֪˭˵, طżڡ项ηˤϣȻѸ
߹ĵصܵܣǽˣ
Ҳ˻ϴųɾ͸С
ƵͷţǶɡ
߻һϻҳ, һ߿佱
̫ѧѧֽкá
Ȼһ
̫ѧѧǶʱɢ
ӦתͷһʮҵˣݵģȧǺܸ, һϡϡĺ, Եúѧʵӡ
񣺡̫ˡ
߻Ը
߹Сʣ磬̫˹ٺܴ𣿡
ӵص̫ѧϴ󡣡
Ҳѹȹ󣿡
˻ͬȻӴ󣿡
ӵţǼ涼Ҫ񡣡
ҲǶ, ֪λ֮, Ÿ
̫Ҳ, ȻĿϡ
һһ̫ܵ, ܵߵܵѧ, áá˵ܵܺ;ŵܵܵ˻ĸͬ⣬̫ѧһ
һ̫ѧûϣ󷽵ֺеӣӵޡ
̫ͷĿϵǴ˾ˣ
ϵѾƺȻػش
ŵܵܣӦ˵ҵСƶߵ
߹άƵҵܱܵ˾ˣΪʲôҵ
˻һԡ
ѣǫ顣
ǫܳ𣿡߹ʡ

̫Ц߹Ż棬ʵѵá
߹˻ӵ⡣
̫ʣ֪̫ѧʲô
īֽ⣡
ŶǶԱīֽȤ
һͷһӿҪǮġ
ǻд𣿡̫ʡ
ᡣһش
ᱳʫ𣿡̫ʡ
ᣬһᱳöʫ
߹ش𣺡һᡶʫǧġټա
˻ӵһᱳȰѧ׵ʫ
̫ʣ˾أ
ƵҲһ
Ϊӹĺܶࡣ˻Ȥ̫̲ס֪˶ѧʲôôְһΣ
Ѿ˶ϲشˡ
̫ӣΣ
ȻκС꿪ɣеҵ׵ˣ紫ںЩѧʣҲĹУһЩ֪ʶС϶¡ҡȼ򵥵Ķӣǻһģɡ
̫Զգ΢˼һ£ɽ߸ߣˮ壬̣ɽˮһ¡Ȼ䴺ʱһ羰
ͷ
Ҳ롣
߻Ӳԡ
ոɢѧǣ̫ûн̫ѧ۷̫ΪĸԲһʱȤ󣬻̫ƽ׺󣬻ǽǵؿϷ
˴һ¡
̫ЦʣԵ𣿡
㿴ҿ㡣
ʣôԣ
߹Ҳ֪
˻šСüͷѰ
ƵԶԳģ
̫˵
СԴһ˵Ҹͻɡ
ְš
Ц˵ɡ
̫Ϊڴ˵
Ӻ档
󲻵ܻܵôԡ
߻ӿơ
ѧҲĲˡ
ƿһۣͷ¹ϡ
߹߻Ӱ˻۾ʱ
̽ӣ㡣
߹ߺߡ
˻ӵม
߻Ȳˣͬغ¹˼һζ
̫һŹЦã뷨һ񣡡
ˡ
Ц
̫ѧѧֽкá
ʣ̫ˣ𣿡
ǶԸӣû뵽˶ԵôȤ̫˾ˣԿԣְһʡ
˵ɡ
̫ʣ¹һó𣿡
óѾ
Թ
С
ô֪óԣôζ𣿡
ǽѾ½նУϵͦóԵġ
ǣǣ̫ඥû뵽ŻСС˼άֲһ뵽󳼿佱Żӷֲֳ¶ʱг͡
̫ˣԽȥ𣿡ʡ
룬롣̫롹ơ
߹Сֵ㣬߰
˴Ӧ
˺ƺƵ߽̫ѧ
̫ѧѧĿתضǡ
ǶԺӺܴ󣬵ǿտҲ
ӴչǰԺ
ʣкԺ𣿡
ָǰǱ߻ԺͺԺ
ǰԺʲôģ߹ʡ
ġӵ
ܿ˿ǹš
ӽ͵һŻῪţڳķıСˣ绹ʳÿš
˾úܰ
ӽŵȥܵߵܵܵѧȻӦþͿˡ
á˵ͷ
ְǰ졣̫廰
תͷ̫ˣ㻹ڰ
ǰŻҲҪѧ𣿡̫ڴӡ
ҵܵܲѧҵܵܲꡣ߹§סƣ·̫ܵһ
Ҳѧ̫
Ҫѧ𣬺۵ġ߹ܾ
̫߹˵ĺе֪ηȥѧ
߻ʽΪκ̫ѧһԱ
̫Ƕ˸ﲩʿ̫ѧðɡ
֪κ̫ѧġʿ൱ڶʮһ͡ʦ
߻ǡ
㲻ƣܵܡ
Ƶ磬ȥɣҼļԵġ

š
㽻˼䣬߻һﲩʿˡ
˺̫ٴǰԺʱƷ꿪ˣƷѧϰصġ
Ҹķıӵ
ã˴Ӧ
ʮֺķıߡ
ĸ˴ǰ治·ȫԺ
ŵܵܣҪȥϿˡӵ
ȥɣǻȥɡƵ
Ӳصһȥ棬Ͽ̫ˡ
ΪǳˣͲɡƹӡ
ӾһܵϵĺӣõЩͿͷǰ壬ͷһΪˡ
Ƶͷã磬ȥϿΰɡ
ӴŹˡ
˱ķıߵ̫ѧżǰǻһۣȻԼͬؽķıӳż⣬ءһ죬һ
ĸһżſ
˾ˣ̫ˡ
ͷ̫ˣʲô¶
̫°Сܹʣ˾ˣˣ
ϵѾƻش
ֹ̫ܲܡ
ܲʲô
̫ЦٶԸӡ
ƣ


81 ֱ
ڰʮһֱ
Σ̫ʡ
ˣ
̫ԶǶˣ
û, ̫ˣҶԵòá
̫Եúܺá
ƾԼԵһ, ʲôԳѺ֮ࡣ
̫΢Ц뷨ء
ƻһ̫ˡ
̫ϽӦְڡ
ʣҲԶ, Ͳ𣿡
Ҳ, ְ޴⡣̫þŻ⺢ӷͬһ, Ҫ˽˽⡣
ǿ̫ˣǸְҵضȻߣðɣٳһ, ҶԲЦม
̫ϲãְҡ
Сָǿֻһม
̫Ц˵ǡ
վСӣһӭսӣɡ
˾ˡ̫һ󻤷һһҡ١
˲䲻˵ˡ
̫ڴؿƣ˾ˣΣ
ϱӼĶ, ҲƷģ̫ˣһ˵Ҹֻɡ
̫Щ˾˲˵˵
˼һµ̶̵
Գˣ
Ե̫ˣ
̫̲סһã̫ˣ
ת߹߽Ҳ
߹ϸһ¡

߹Ͻ˺ӱ˺ϱ˺ϱ
˵ͨͨͨͨ¡
ҲҲᡣ˻żز廰
˸磬˵Ƶ
˻ӷ˶ӵĹؼ㣺СС
Сʲô̫ʡ
˻һʱ벻, ż, ԽżԽ벻
Сѣ˸磬˵С
˻۾ӵССС
ãǳã̫̾, λСС˲, رǾŻӵġ̡͡Сֱ, Żӵǲ˼ݰ, ˷ܵ˵˾, ְһԡ
˵öһӵİƵ
߹ӻǣ˵㻰
ǻûȥء
˻Ӳ䣺ǻҪš
̫ڼ˸ղ˵ĻϽЦǣְˣǱְʱˣְͱǳȥ
ҪҪǼļԳȥ
˸žܾҪ㱧
ֻ̫վԭأſżϣ̧Сȣɽһ㷭ԽżһѵϵķıɰĲˡ
һ̫ټ
˾ˣԳ̫ѧ̫
Գ𣿡ƾȵʡ
ԡ˲̫ΪŻǸ⡣
ʣúҸʻĸ˵𣿡
̫˾˲˵ֱͿԡ
һϲʣ棿
档
ƺȻ뵽ʲôɣһϵɡ
̫ʣΪΣ
Сָ̫ѧżż̫ߣÿζۣҳ
⡢⡭̫һʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôá
ɡ˱ķı뿪
̫վ̫ѧſڣһֱ˵СӰʧĪƵĲᣬ̲ס룺˾ܼѧͺˡ
Ʋ֪̫ʲô˿ĵػصϼһϼţ˯֮Ʈѩ
ǽ̫λѩѩ̶ѩ֮ģҲȥˣֱڴϣķı鿴Ȼһſڴĥ
߹ʣܵܣ㿴һʲô
Ťͷһۣļ
߹ҡͷǣӥ
Сָֽŵӥ̫ɡ
һ㣬ӥˡ߹ӳӥȡ
ԼĻһ
ҵĻڹ꣡˻ֽ
߹һ۵ڹ꣬ˣ
ˣϱ
ϵڹ꣡˻Ӽֵڹ꣡
߹ˣ

ƸϽӴϻǰ̨ëʶߣǴˣϵıȫˣϴ鷳˵˷īˮ
ս̨ëʷϣӺ߻ӹˡ
Ӹ˵˵ŵܵܣǻ

߹ʣ磬ôô磿
ӵһϿΣѩѧģǾѧ
ʣ磬߸磬Ͽô
ڷÿɹҲϲѧϰһջĶࣺ
߻ӵͷͬ
߸磬ʿ˵ģ𣿡˻ʡ
߻ʵе
ӰοûϵʻһλʿרŸѧϰġ
κĻӹȻͳһ̫ѧ֪ʶԨĲʿѧϰ˽һʿһһĸѧϰ
ӵĸǮƣľĴʿϸҲûʱˣ
߻Եͷ
Ҳ벩ʿ߹㡣
ͷ
û˲ñӣ¡³˿˽ʦ⡣
̲סࡣ
࣬ԺǶҪᵽסʱʿ˵һסʱҪ飬㿴̫ӸͺСӣ춼ģ棡һ̫ͬӺͺӡ
̫ˡ
ã㲻õģͲʿסһֱĸסġӵ
߹廰ߣԼס
ü˲Լסӵ
ҲŲˣһҲã߹С첲һ§סƵҾҪԼסܵܣ
߹ǺƿЦá
˻ӵҪȥסǶȥѼ
綼ʮˣǿ
ţձղŰ
𣿡ʡ
ûУѩԶϻ֪
˵ͷ
߸˼СС᷿ߴߴһɫ˲ŸŸԵĹ˻ȥ
㵽š
ŵѩѩ죬ⳡѩˣҲתůˡ
ϵɡƵ
ԣҲˡЦ
һµӵ԰Һæ
㲻ʣܵæʲôѽ
ƺһæѾһҪƹ㡣
ƹ㣿㲻⣺ʲô˼
ƽ͵ϵϵƸϰѾ
Ц
뵽ܶͿԳԵʳʮ죬ҧһ׷
ðѩ档
ӻˣ
ǡ˵
һҸطůţšƶԹ˵
ͷů첽ȥӡ
Ӵ߹
磡㺰
ӣôûУˣøӹ
ӵﲻæµҲ䡣
˽ŵڵĵƹ⣬ſɫ΢죬ͷðϸȻǲ䡣
ʣǴӻѩ߻ģ
ӻصǣҺ͸ӻصţȻȻ
ʣһ·ŵİɣ
ӵͷ
ӵ˱ˮֲãЪһЪ
Ӳû¡
Ȳʣ磬ǻѩˣ
ӵͷˡ
Ӯˣʡ


82 
ӻص, Ӯˡ
һϲʣӮ
ӴӿڴͳһӲӵķӣƵƴСŵϡ
֣
˵Ӯˣ
Ĵָ, 
۾, ȴЩ, ִӿڴͳһʮ, ݸƣŵܵܣӡ
ʣ˶ӣ

öѾֽӹӣֱװ˳ͳ, ݸӣɡ
ӽӹһۣС
ʲôʡ
㡣ӽС͸ơ
ʹáƻû˵Ⱦܾ
ǰ, ƾʵӮĽơ
ܣûоŵܵܰæʵ, ҲӮơӶ¡гɼ, һֱУûƵƶ¡ۺ̫ǰ, ܲμӱεͷ
, ƺܹذ
ӵûоŵܵܵİء
һơ
ƹһѽ, ร
˲亹ա
Ц͸, ⡣
ƵǺð, Ҫɡ
ƶܵܣһֹ
ǵ˼˽Դжʵ꣬С̫ۡͼ⣬ֱӣĸ磬ҵƣϡ

Ҳ˶ӵ仯
ƽŵǷģҲҺúòš
Ӹˣá
ȰƺͶӣҲýڼֵûֹ
̰ѽװ˿ڴ±һ
һЦ
ѯʶӱ
ӣõ˵
һ·ȷʵˣûٿЩʳЩ˵֮¡
ܼ򵥣ǿѩ߶ȡȶȡ
ճѩĺܺãʱֳӣ߶ȡȶȶһ˾̾ɵػ˻ѩǿıѧӡ
ʣӦúܸ˰ɣ껬ѩǱѧӮһǴκõһء
ӵûп
ƽӻÿҲϡϡСǮǮͺɡ
æסƵС죺ҽ
ܵܣҪ˵
ֻεǰ˵ЩҪ¡۾ǸˣҪѸģҪΪԼȥ
ףҲŵ˵ܵͷŵŵܵܣ´βҪ˵ġ
Ƶͷ
ſ֡
ǿһ飺ĸǷģǰɴɣ˵
ƶӵͷǵġ
ϸ룬ƶȷʵֻǰ˵ЩԺѿڶҪС˵֪𣿡
صͷģɵĺܡ
ĸеףƵĸܵܺܶ¡
Ӹͣǡ
ЦãҲû˵ʲôư۵ġ˵ȴְ§ġ
㸹̣ĸ۵ܵܵ㡣
Ц
˵һӱ뿪ˡ
ϴ֮󣬺һ˯
ϣŵʱùúӴ϶ӵĽƣҵ䣬Ȼ󵽴Ȱ̫߹Ͱ˻ӿҵģ
ۣģ߹̾
滹ССѩء
˻ӵÿ
̫ȵʣôظˣ
ѾƵ˵ϵҴĸ͸ʿѩŲμӱƣ
̫Цô˵㹦ͻ󣡡
һϵ
̫ϲСNɪӣҲ˿ƺ͸ӹദҪҪĸҲ㣿
ĸʲôڴʡ
̫ѧ̫
۾
̫ĸ˵ĸս̫ѧԶˡ
˵ͷ
̫̫Եġ
ĸôѾʡ
̫㸸˵㸸ʽ밲Ͱ˵ġ̫û뵽Ҫ˽̫ѧʸ󣬴ŸƺƵطż̫˶ӡ
ŶҾϵ̫ԵģҲɡƵ
˵ͷ
̫ͷԵġ
ϵƺܳʵ
Եò̫Ҫ̫ѧѧϰ
ƾȵʣʲôʱ򣿡
̫̫Ǳ˵վͿԽ̫ѧ
Ҫһ𷴶ԡ
̫ʣΪʲôҪ
̫ѧҪ𡣡
߹Ҫǰܶ
˻һࣺŵܵܺ۵ġ
˵һɡ
̫ʣƶôģ
ϱʮѧⱲûôżѧʵ˵ĸһϵѾ
ѧ̫ʡ
šƵͷ
ãǾͲ̫˵˵̫̫ĴӶӿɣ̫ξܾˡ
Ҳʲô¶̫ܿϴӶӡ
û뵽ȥ̫Сȷʵ̫ѧҲһ£̫Ǹ϶ȥɡ
̫ȴӣ̫ˬƵĿӵĴȰ
ĸáǰ§̫
̫˵Ц
Ҳһ
̫ļƻգһ£뵽ŻȷССúãѧúãѧúãǿԴŻӵġ
ôһ룬ʱûʲôż̫ѧĴûн̫ѧźûƣȴ֪͵͵ȥ̫ѧΡ
ǿ߻Ͷӵ
߻ĺܺãû˲ñӣۿɼؿʣڶӲֹỬѩϺȻ¡۵Ĺϵһ㣬еľ¡۵ӣԽԽˡҲͲȥ̫ѧˣÿպ߹˻ӱŷӵˣ
ž͵˴
ʱ䣬¡۰մ󳼵ĹͣһֲȨũ˾˾ȲٹԱָ硣
ũ˾ȱ֣ũ˾˾ֻôũ˾ල硣
ĸ˼棬ũ˾һʱ뿪ũ˾
поҲǸٶˣ
˻ӵҲϵ
ҳҪٵģ߹˵
ã㵱ʲô٣Ծʡ
󣡽߹ڳݵļƵ
߽˻ֽкá
Ƶ㣬Եģ
˻ӵҪ︸Ҵ£
Ҹʲôأ
㣬ʲôأ߹ʡ
Ҳ֪ա
û¶㣬ǻС󣬾֪Ҫʲôɡÿ˶߹ĿȷģĶԣŷḻʵġ
ͷš
ĸߴ˵ţ߽˺󹬡
Żˣ
ǾŻӣ
ߣȥк
ߡ
һһ𡣡
Ҵٴٵ̧Զɳ
߹˻ӣŻӡ
Ʋ֪Ǿ˭ǿ֪λݲߵɡ
߹ض񡣡
ŻӣȥĶˣʡ
ȥũ˾ɡƻش
ũ˾Զô·۲ۣұȥɡ
ɡɵ
Щǰһ
ǰСӵġ
Сϲġ

ұ
Ҫơ
۾
˻СŵֶˣǽϵҪڸʲôѼ


83 Ҫ
һãȻҲ֪
߹СŵҲ֪
ôѼ˻ããʡ
߹, С͵͵߰ɡ
Ͱ˻һµͷã
ƿ̵۲ݵɣҲûдǿлЧϢϼѯһĸ, ͬ, ܡ
ͬʱͷ
ܿ˿, , Һܡ
ҺͰ˵ܴܵұܡ߹ŵ
Ƶͷá
߹Ƶ࣬ںţԤܣ
ĸ˶ʱڵһȥǰܡ
̵תͷԶ, һڡ
һܽϼ
ƶˡɹ̧
˺شڴ
е飬߹ʣô۳
ܵġСظ
ΪʲôҪܣ
ҪҡƵ
Ժſһۣûпˣʣ˭Ҫ㣿
߹Ϣŵöˡ
öǶҪŵܵܡ
űܵܡ˻ӵͷ
ĸ˴̫, ϽʯЪϢˮȵˮһһ˵
˱Ų빾غȡ
һ㣬Ǻˡ
˷², ղľ
ʣļɣ
ҡͷʶ
ڶ, ʶҲѯ˵ˡ
Ҳֻϳѡ̺һˡ
˼λݶߡ
ӦжġƵ
ҲЩɲǻˣһͷ
ʣΪʲôأ
ҡͷ
߹§Ƶܱܵ
˻ͬġ
ġ
ϵζ˻ֲһ䡣
, ܵÿ춼ĸǶ̵ġ߹֪̳׳׳
ƺա
߹һ§סƵҾϲܵܡ
Ͱ˻һƵҲһ

˱ĸ
Ҳϲ, Ҳ֪Ϊϲű, ЩûкƽӴ, ͻȻű, һʲôԭ
ɹȥһԭ򣬺һϾҪˣǶϼŰɡ
˴Ӧ
֪ȰƵȰš
һЦƶĸŰɡ
Ƶͷ
˵ҲȥȰ
ȥɣȥɡ
˸ŴȰ˳Ȱߡ
һ·߰˸ɣһƿƱ־裬˳߽Ȱһ̧ۿ̫˵
ɿƣ۷⡣
Ʋһ١
߹Ҳ뱧ܵܣ
϶ģ
ȲҪȥɣ˻ӵ
˴ӦתС԰
úֹŻӣ̫ǽȥš
֣𣿡߹ʡ
ˡֵ
߽̫Ӧͺڡ
ɸ磬Сӡƻ
ӦЦŵܵܺðǽղϿΣĸŵġ
߹ҪƵС
ƻӿ֣̳̫ꡣ
̫֡Ц§סơ
ֻ֡
̫ʣƶǽ˴Ȱĸ밲ܽС԰Ӹʲô
Ƴʵش𣺡ˡ
˭̫ɻҪʲôˡ
ƻش𣺡ڶǡ
ʲô̫ǶˮƵ˵ϴϴ֣Ȼˡ
ƱϴСֱߵҪҡ
㣿̫ȣΪα㣿
Ҳ֪ǶҪңƲɾС֣̫ԣĸ֪Ϊ𣿡
̫΢һ£ԵɣЦʣ֪ΪʲôҪ𣿡
ĸʡ
̫ͷ
һԣ淢ʣΪʲô
̫ɨһȦǣױ֪ܶ飬Щ鲻ҪҴţΪ
ôɣʡ
С̫
󹬻ӹܶ࣬Ҳʲôϡ飬Ƶһƽ
̫ûõҪı飬꣬һֱӡ
Ƶ¶΢΢ľȡ
ղУ˵ƶġ̫δ˵꣬ӹֵĲˮһڡ
˻ͻȻ۾˵ϵŵܵܵĺӣ
ȣ̫һǺˡ
̫󡣡ָϽ˳
Ӧ뺫Ͻǰæĸ
߹żؿš
˻Ӵš
̫󣬺õûУʡ
û¶û¶ˡ̫ƽһ£˻ӡ
˻Ӳ֪ʲô顣
̫һЦɵӣȻ㸸ʵĺӡ
ǣĺӶǸʵģ߹
ͷ˵ܵܣ㲻˵
˻ӵͷ֪ӲǾŵܵܵģĪһ
Ӧͺ˻ӵĻͷЦ
һκա
̫֪Скܶ˼룬Ȼƽ¶˵˵ƶĸһЩ˱µĹ⡣
ΪŵܵǸǣһͿ³ɣǶűŵܵܡӦӻ
̫ͷû
ǾŵܵܵĹͰ
ԣܾܵǸǣ߹
ûоŵܵܣͳԶĢˣ
߹תûоŵܵܣҲˡ
ĸ˵ûоŵܵܣҾͶɡ˻ӵ
Ӧ뺫˵Ƶĸŵ㡣
ϸ룬ǾõΪֱԸӴû뵽֮л˵еƣͷѹĳ̶ֳСôⱲӻĴ˵㸣ġ
ǫ˵ԣϵҵĹ͡
̫΢ЦűƵԣƶСǡ
ƇNɪ˵ţҾϵĸСǣ
ֺ̫ˡ
ƵԺϵκĸǣ
û̫ƶ˵
ƿĵصͷȻ뵽ǵ飬ϵҲϱҡ
̫˳ŵǾͲǱ
ǲңǺڴκҲϵиġ˸˵ǡ
ԣƶԽԽ˵ˡ̫˵Сһ£ǵСǣˡ
Ƶͷ
̫һȺΧڷǰš
֮һڴȰһ
Ӧͺȥ飬ڴȰϢŸոȰǰ밲ʺãĿ⳯
̫ǵ˼ȥԺˣ
ôһڹ﷭˾ЪϢ˾ͳԵ㣬һֱĸ˴ӴȰ뿪
˲·ڣĸ˷ֵ
ƾֱϼȥȻǵ˵
Żôûг֣
Ӧû˰ɣһ㶼ʱϼġ
ǻ᲻ŵ
Ӧòɡ
һ£и𣿡
Ӧܰɡ
ձŻӡ
þŻӻСҲ£˾Ͳôÿ¡
һء
֪֪治֪ģ
Щƽʱ¡ǰһᣬаĲˡ
еš
һ̧ۿǰ߹ɣұߺͺ涼ɹ
үģ¡Ů࣡
ǲҪ


84 
Żӡ
ȶö񡣡
Ż, ȥĶʵ
ϼ󡣡Ƶ
ã˳·һ߰ɡ°ʾá
ǰһҲ˳·
ɳŻ, ·, ߰ɡ
ɵŰɡ
һˮһ˷ӿ, Ҳһܺõĳ, оһ̾ͻûС
һȻָպһ
̰ͷȥ
Сȣɼ䴩ƴǰܡ
Żˣ
׷
ȥϼ󣡡
, ȥϼ󣡡
ЩʱѾܽϼ
һ䣬תܽ䣬ǰһƬڣһСĲȵʲô, СӲܿǰȥԴĪһľͷ
һ˲뵽ϱӵţƤСԴդȻҳżıȡ
ɣɣ
һ, Ҳ, õľͷӣĿסˡ
ƶŵ
תͷȥ
ܵܣǶˡ
, ɡѾԭ, ֪ҪմһմƵĸ, ˵ŵĶ, ίؾܾǡ
ҡҳƵ
ŷԴϿľͷ, һ
ܵܣ㾪
û¶ϵסɡƺܵ
һ½
Ƶõɡ
æµһȡľͷӣľͷӽʵؿƵĲϡ
һ»ˣô죿ô죿
ĸýˡ
ԶԶԡϽˣľͷӴ򿪡
Ƕ߹ľͷΧݵģֲڣҲʵʵʵľ϶ɡ
򿪰żĲˡ
ū澲Ҷ˾Żӡ˵
£¡ǡʱˡ
Ҳ˲񣬸Ͻ¡˵£ż˵£취
𼱱𼱣޼ǵ̫СʱҲɹ¶ӲȻƶ޼ǵõʱǴȰũ̫ӽȳġ¡۵ȥȰ뻨ũ
ǡĵµӦ
¡ۺȻ뵽ʲôһ¡
ǡ
¡۽ҪѴ¸̫󡣡
ǡ
ȥء¡۴ߴ١
ĵµ÷ɵٶ뿪
¡ʣƶҪ£һͺˡ
Ҳ¡Ǿúöˣĺöˣǰ²СӵƤû뵽һͬľأӦ´Ҳ²ˡ
¡ûдϿ⣬ԽӲһˡ
ƶ⡣
ưοĸҺܺãµġ
һֱľͷӡ
룺򿪰ɣ˿
ܵܣ߹
һ㶣߻ӡ˻ȫˣĵ̫Ҳˡ
ĸôˣ¡۾ȼˡ
ĵµ˵ͷ˵ģ̫һ˵ȥϼ뵽ŻӣҪһ
ƶ¶ŰңǲǲѰҷǰޱȵ̫˲ƾˡ
Ӳҡ¡۵
̫ſľͷƣ۵ػƶ
ĸҪģû¶Ƶ
򣡳
Ӷİ̫ۣϽУũ򿪡
ǡ
ũǰ鿴
ô̫ʡ
ũ̫ⲻֻǾŻ̫СְžŻӣ÷Щ򡣡
ǧǧǧžŻӣ̫˵ǧ򡹡
ǡũͳһߡ
Ʋ֪һľͷôô鷳ȫϻũӣڰľͷӸж
ᣬֱ̫ӰƱڻ顣
Ƹоʵ̫ˣС̫ѣ˭
̫Ϊˣοƶ£ûˡ
һ
̫ѯ龭
ƻûпڣ˱׷Ƶ˵ˡ
̫ڵһðļ׷ģ
ϼԺ˲һƬ
̫ܺǱԣҿ⣬׷ƶˣݲã
ſ̫СĸֱˣϵҼļСģˤġ
̫С¶㡱
Ʋ˼˵ĸ͹ҵģ㲻ҪֱˣҪȻ˶֪ˤӣסɣöˡ
̫Уøǵѵ
öˣҶҪ˿ɡ§̫Ĳӡ
̫һˣʣ˵ô죿
ƵҪ׷ұɡ
ãĸӦ㡣
ĸɡС̫ѡ
ůůģģģ̫˲ûƢ
һ뵽ƸոտסС˲ˣɫصس¡۵ѵһȻɲұŻӣȻԸ
¡۵һμʶ̫ж۰ƣͬʱ־ƾǷ涼۰Ĵڰ;̫۰ƶǺġ
ˣȥɡ̫õ˵
뿪
̫ƽ᷿̫ҽ鿴塣
ܼʱҲͿʼʱͷһ顣
۲ۣ̫ʡ
ۣĸ㲻ҪģĻϵġƵͲϵκһɡ
̫ܽŵģСȰȵģ˲ЦˣƤ
Ƶ´ξͲƤɡ
֪ͺá
ţĸȥ˯ɣʱ˯
Сƶںʵĳůޱȣô˲ϲأ̫Ȱơ
Ƶĸȥ㡣
ĸ㡣̫
УҪȥĸȻһ
úúá̫ͷ
ĸټ
̫ͬʱҲסЦݵɣƶܵ˾ţҹע⣬С
˳ǡ
̫ˡ
¡۵£ƶܵţҪҹ顣
¡ţû˵ʲôͷ
ͱ¡
ţʲô飬ʱޡ
ǡ
¡ۿһڴϵƣֿ뿪ˡ
лߣһ꺮ů
ðů£Һء
㻹ǵġ
Ըԡ˯Ƶߣҹجη֮࣬һҹ˯ʱʱƵԴƵıϢ
һŵһ¡
ĸƻһ
ܲܣظƵĶͷ
Ƶܡ
ͷ۲ۣ
ɡʵеۣ˵۵Ļĸֵˡ
Ǿͺãĸ̫˼ҵġ
ţֻ߻ĸม
ЦŴӦȥȰһˡ
˸ճϼ
ӡˡӦ롢ӡ߹ɡ߻ӡɡ˻ӡͻеĵҴҵشӸԹȻ·
ʣȥĶ
ɵȥϼ󡣡
Ҳǡ
Ҳǡ
һһ
ͷһ
һȺ˶ϼ
ͷһƬվԺ룬Щˣ˵ĵһ仰ǣǶ


85 а취
֪ʲôʡ
Ƶ¶
㿨ľͷˡ
ӵũȵġ
ʺͻĸҲˡ߻ӽӻ
Ӧеʣŵܵ, ڸоΣ
оã
ǳã
ӡӡ߻ӺӦûڳľ֪ˡ
˶֪ľͷ, ƱܲȻصá
ܵ, 㿴ɫá߹
ӵһż
ƸϽǿЦҺܺð
̫ҽ˵ƶû¶ġ߹
ӵһ
˽
ӵ˽, ֪û¶, ҲģƬ̣½ȥæµһοƷ߹˻ˡ
ʣŵܵ, ͷˣ۲ۣ
ľͷ𣿡߹ʡ
˻ӵ춼ϴɡ
һһѯơ
Ʋ˵
߹ʣܵܣô˵ѽ
ֻˣҲʵʵ˵öˣ
ʣΪʲôˣ
˻ӵŵܾܵԴľͷϣö˵ġ
˰߹
ܻܵС, ·ȣŶˡ
˻ӵûǰҲġ
ԣ˵綼ˡ߹ӻ
ͷԴˡ
߹Ȼ򴲲Ŷأ
һ˻ӡ
ȥǺ߹ȥ»Ұ˻, ܵ˻ӷ, ڴϵİ˻ӴʪһƬʱ˻εק̺Ӹסǻ֪˻ˡ
˻ӼͣϵСʱ, Сʱ, ڳ, û򴲡
Ҳû򴲡߹
ҲûС
ҵܵҲûС߹§ơ
ĸߴӹǵ, ˲ԵƵĿԴ΢ˡ
Ҳ, һţһȥȰǶ֪̫ǱƣɻǱŸ߶ȵľ衣
һ·һ·ţɢ
Сӽ
λֻңңһ񣬲ûΧ˳˳Ȱ
ƶĸ̫Ͻ²
ߵ̫ǰ
ƶͷϵһƬ̫࣬һۡ
ĸµġƵ
û¶ͺá̫ü
ƲÿԴˣƽʱƤŻˣ׻˵ˤˤÿ졣
̫һЦĶ׻
ҲҾͻɡ
˵Ƥûˡ̫Ҳǵһա
ţĸȥɡƵ
̫Ϊ壬¡۶ӣʮԸһãȥء
ߣĸ֡
ã̫֡Цݡ
˱ֵ̫÷ȡ飬أʼֲֹ
Ԥ֣һꡣ
ֺɣƵ
߹ϲ˵
̫Ҳǳгɾ͸С
˻ӵ췢ѿȻպö
պöأʡ
һǧƵ
ô࣡˾óһپǺܶࡣ
Żôֵ֪
ͦŵϵ˾ˣ
ֶ̫Цˣǣ˾ˡ
ڴȰһһ뿪
ٴֲ·ڣľûɳû̫Ļãĵػصϼ
ܵܡ㻽
硣ƿĺ
᷿ʣ¥ƹ񴣿
԰һûп
ôˣǵһ꣬ŵܴܵں߶˵飬͵ܹܵ䵽ƫƧطԷ¥ƹĻ˵Щ
ûȥԷ
벻ܻܵΪѡ
˵仰ͳɡʵġ
뵽ʲôʣ˵Ѿ
Ƶͷǰ
Ǻ
Ҳϵѣϵõѡ
ô
һٸãιҳԷ
񴼸棬ȷʵǸˡ
ƺʣ磬ôͻȻ˵ɣ
ӿڴͳһҩƿݸƣġ
Ʋشƿǣŵһҩζ
Ҳ˵㿨Դˡ
ߣ磬̫ѧϵϵ֪ɣ
Ҳ̫̫Ҳ֪ҪοƷҸܾˡָеҩƿ˵ҩ˷ǳá
лл硣
ЦҸͿҩ
šƵͷ
Ϳҩ֮ԸоͷڶĻ˺öࡣ
ȥԷ˵ллȻ˴ȰͶ뵽ֲΰҵ֮С
ĸʱʱ﷢ֲָݡӺС֮ģӹķḻʡ
ܿأȥˣˣˣũ˾ǴȰջڡ
ũ˾˾Ǳ߰׼˺̫Ѿʼջ
ֻʵ̫˺ָ̫û취ɣòôȰĹ˼С
һջȫһһǧһٽ
ٽ̫󲻸ŵʡ
һǧһٽȰ˵
̫ƣƶ˵׼
Ȱûô֣Ϊ˶Եȥũ˾һЩֳôࡣ
յడ־
Բ꣡߹ӻ
˻ӵͷ
ֵ̫ôһСƬطһǧǱǱնٰ
̫˵
־̾
˾ϲˡ
ڶ¡۹˵ջһǧ
̫ȵ˵
ִˡ
һ𾪡
ϲá
¡۸˵㵸˵һеûеĻ㷢飬ۿҪʫ
ƸϽúó԰
һ仰¡۵ʫˡ
¡תͷУɫð˱ǣʣ
Ƶͷ
¡ۿϣд˿
̫û
¡۾ȵǶˣ
߹ԼֵģȻԼ
˻ӽӻû
ƵĸҲһӴ
ǳԼҵ̫ӿ
ҲҪһ¡۵
ԣǳԲһһץһŵǰ뵽ʲôһ֣ץŵ̫ĸֵġ
ֻʣһСС
ּ̫״ͷЦ
аɡ
ССɡ
СҲ
¡Ҳûн⣬Ͱԣſ佱ζԱ鼫õغ̸̫ũҵ֪ʶ׼ôκնЩ
˵ĺʵһ
¡üͷȰ˵Ǿϰղ̫
̫ǳһͽ𣿡
ˡ¡۵ûĸ߲Ұز
ϰյûۿô϶ǲԸ㰧ҵǿ⡣̫
¡۵취
ԱֽԿһ̫¡ۡ
Ȼ߹С˵˲Ը
ôã
ҶԸ֣˻ӵ
ƿһۣСǾ֡
ôأһʡ
а취Ѿתͷĸʣа취
̫ʣʲôа취


86 ˭
Сϰİ취ѾƵ
̫ʣʲô취
Ƶ
¡۲廰, ǣǶԸ֡
̫ϲ˵Զ¡۵Ļ, ʣƶ, ô
ƵѾ
̫󲻽⡣
ƹһһ
̫ƶ, һӺܶ, һ𡣡
ƵǾһǮһ
Ȼأ
úĻȻϰճԣöϰϰվúúóԺ׬ǮѾԸɡ
̫Կ¡ۡ
¡۾, ǺȻƵ˼Աô˵߲ʵϰҲüпԣֻпʵʵ棬Żᵨԡ
ϲؿƣƶ
¡ۣ
˵öԣ¡һĸղŵ, ̫˵
̫˵صͷƶĺ⣡
ƇNɪҾͼϵԵģ
ãϾȥ¡һվ
ȥƴ
ȥ̫¡һʡ
ҲԾؿơ
̫ҲɻʣƶȥĶ
Ѿƴ
̫̰ɫ֣
¡۵Σա
ΪʲôΣգ
˶࣡
˸ࡣԴӴԽ, һֱʹڻʹ, ͦȥʲôӣ˵̫¡ۡ
¡۵ҲУ̫Сˡ
С𣿡ʡ
¡һʱ
ƼʵСӲϵܰȫ𣿡
¡СӲǻӡ
ҲװšװϵѾ, Ҳϵ, Ͱȫɡ
¡´ʣҪôװ
ѵѡƳԼϵĻϰյ, ϰ, ҾͲϵѾ
û
ͨСھǺܰȫ, رйţ⣬¡ۻǾûӹڹʡģҲС
̫ĸ
̫۰ƣ޲ðƺȻǲԸƳ§Ƶƶ㸸ʵĻǳһٳ
Ƶϵھ
ٳԡ̫š
¡۸ŵͷ
ƳƻʧܣҲûзʱʱע¡۵Ķ򣬷¡۲ɹԱЧܲ
дϲĥ̫󣬴һĥ̫
ƶĸ¶̫§Ƶ
ѾƵ
ӹ磺ʵᱣѾ
Ѽ϶Աǣ˻ӵ
Ȼûã߹
ð˻һӦ
߹ĸ
¡۵
תͷ¡۽æ
ɡ¡̫񣺡Ӹĸ밲
ʵ۱ˡ̫
¡ۿ˵Ҳȥ
ţصͷ
Ǻ֡¡
СԴ˵
̫еʣʵۣô
ô¡̫ǰ
ô˵̫ʡ
̫š
¡üͷЩԱƵġ
ǹ٣Ȼ̷̫
¡ۺһڲˮˣҲ֪ôŪģĻǲá
̫˼һ£ʣǲǼ۸̫ˣ
¡۷²룺ʼ߼ۣȥͽ˼۸񡣡
Ȼأ
¡üͷû򡣡
Ц
̫¡һơ
ƶЦʲô̫ɺʡ
ЦǲƵ
᣿¡ʡ
һᣡֱС塣
ô¡ʡ
ƿ¡ʣ뼸Ѿ
¡۵ͷ˵
Ҳ㡣ϴΰ뷨¡ۣ¡ȥˣȨû˵
¡Կ̫
̫֪ȻǸӣ뷨ϡŹֵģǺܶ뷨ĿԽ飬ĵ˵ã㸸ʣ߻ĸ
Ҳ߻ĸƵ
̫ûƿɰʣΪΣ
ƵҼļȥС
̫ʣô
㡣Ƽԭ
̫ʣȥĶ

㻹
šصͷȻĸϵ˾ˣϵ٣˵˵ٵΪ񣬲ܺΣգҪ¸վǰ棬ܹϺӣ
̫¡һ㶣ųĬϰգһֱӹҲҪװϰա
ֻû뵽ССҪȥС
û취޶ԡ
̫ʵۣճƺ̫á
¡۵ͷϰղĸԸһ𼢻
̫ơ
Ƶõġ
¡ʣȷ
ȷ
Ϊȷ
Ϊϵǰ
¡ۺ뷴ƣƵΪĺ󹬴ֺ£̫ĸҪȻ
̫᲻ãҲ˵ǶԵġ
ҪȻ͡¡۵
ڴؿ̫
̫ɨһۣȱţ˵Ļ졣
һʣܳ
̫ˡ
˽ŵץƵѣһƴǵӣƵĸĸһġ
͵ͷ
˵Сģ̫޷ܾҲ֪ӽ²ûôΣգ̫СˣģʵۣЩ֣бǡ
һͬˣǸ˵
̫š
ţһվֱСӣԵĲ񻰡
̫ҡͷ
¡۵ĸھͳ˳
̫ͷ
Ƶҿʼ׼
̫ʣ׼ʲô
Ҫ׼ܶܶģҵööġҲ˵һ˰æء
̫ã׼
ţƿĵصͷ
ÿնæĲˣ׼¶¡۵˿𾩳ͼ
ܿصһա
һ˴ͨСӵĴֲѣоֲЩˣĸһųҲͲһСë̫ˡ
Ĳˡ
ܵܣҵһδѡ߹
˻ӵҲǡ
ǶõⰡ߹ʡ
ʱͿԵĿĵˡȰ
ţһҪมƵ
ŻӷģⶼС־ˣҲйԲܸһ
ƵͷֺԱߵǮǮ硣
ְڡǮ
һǵܵãҽม
ǡǮû뵽Żô˵ɣĪŷ
ֵС
ǮţŻ˵
ƵҪǡ
Ǯһģְƴӹȫ
˵ô˰ϵѡƵ
Ǯһʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
תͷˣܡ
˵ͷ
ǿһҪסܣ
˼ͷţ
о˲ûмסƱص˵ǳ̫ÿɣᱻߣι֣
ŵ˫ۡ

Ǯ˭˵˰


87 
𣿡ʡ
صͷţ
߹ʣܵ, ô֪ιֵģ
Ƶɷµ˵дģ˵˵ϲԣԳúÿСӣ
Ϊʲôһʡ
ÿС, óԣ
߹ҳúúÿģ
Ҳϵ˻һֵ˵
ԼСǲ, ־Ͳǣ
ƴԣ
˰ѡܡסˡ
Էġ
ǮһЦ
ǰʻ, ؿ, Χ
ˡ
˶ʱϲ̰ǿ⿴һۿŸַεˣ, ǳ֡
߹صö˰
˻ӵҵһμôˣ
ţкö˰Ŵ⡣
ԣκٹ˲šǮش
Ƶͷ
ʲô߹Сָ⡣
ˡǮǴӻһ·ǨģԺ˽顣
Ǹʲô˻ʡ
Ǯ
㰡
ǸǸǸڸʲôѽ߹ʡ
Ǯش𣺡ڴ⡣
ǳԵ𣿡˻ʡ
ԡǮͷ
ԭ˻ӻȻ
˶Դ޾, СԴȥ
עⰲȫעⰲȫǮѡ
˲
ܿأʻУһСԺǰ
ôˣ߹ʡ
Ƶ
档
Ǯİ, , СԺӣСԺǰõģĺС, Ǹɾ, ͣһľͷƶͳ
С߹ϲܵǰ
ʣǸʲôѽ
õġưնʮһ͵ƶͳ, , 벻κֹ, ưܣƤϵŹģв˵ģϵӵġ
ۣ档
ŵܵܣʲô֣˻ָСʡ
Ƶ
ʲô˼
ϵǮи˼ȫƵ׷
ֺãһº
Ǯ˵ĶԻЦá
ãڿʼɡƵ
ǡܿû¯ŵСִ᷿ȡߡϡȻ˺Ǯ߰ɡ
˵ͷ
С
Ǯš
ƽʱĶǵûмִּ̻ϢľʷӡʯͷΧǽéӣоһжʣֵֻСһߴߴ˵ͣ
ӹǿˡ
ϵϵӹɡѡ
ǣҴˡ
סɡ
ǡתͷǮšƸ
Ǯͷ
ĵʣб˶λ𣿡
ġǮ
ֵţʵǴκǺܰȫġ
ûСʹ괬
˵ǣҪĸӳ̫ÿˡ
Ǯͷ
˼ǰߣͬ˿ĵе
û
ȥ߹ǰܡ
ܣ
߹Ͳ
ƻ㣬ม
߹˲ͣ²ӡ
Ͱ˻Ҳǰˡ
Цŵá
ߡǮ
ǰ߹֣㣬˸磬һ𡣡
ĸ֣һ߳ͬؿ˼еķɵһ̾һְ
ߣȥ̯λ
̯λĶ˻ʡ
ߡ
˴Ӧ
Сǰš
ָţ̲סĴ
Ү
߹̫ѧ棬ÿˡ
±ģ˻ӵ
Ƹſ̯λ۲̯ľòֶ̯Σ˵İõȵȡ
֪һ̯λ
˵ˡ
˺ǮϽСӡ
Ƹע㣬ˡ
Ƶ
˺ˣðæˣʣµˡ
ǮܻˣҲûпʲôΣգȴǿóԵģССձǸ⡢÷ɡ
ʿˮ
˻Ӷʳŵܵܣ㣬߽㣬ԡ
ʲô߹
С˻졣
ӵϾͳһϺȡ
ҲԺ١߹
˻ʣΪʲôô٣
ˣʾͲҳˡ
Ҳǡ߹
ö
߹Ƶܵܣ
ƻش
ȥ԰ɡһ
һ¡Ƶ
˿ơ
תͷѾ̯λ֧ãӻ¯ȡպõ˿һۻһ䣬浫û˳ԣһ
̧ͷƣƸ£
ʡ
⻹ûеء
ϵҶɡƵ
ɲܶžŻӣҸ
úȥԶɡ˵
ǳʲôʡ
ָŽֵкöóԵģҪԺܶࡣ
ǣ
ǳԱɣԱɣѾƵ
ԣ
ٴǿú͵ม
⡭
˳ߡ
Ǯ⡭
ǮúšƸ׼û
ǺðɡҲܲסŻǣ㿪ʼ
Ǯȥ
ϰ壬Ҫһӣƴ
۵ģһ˰ϰͿ˵ע⣬˳ðװۣÿϰ˵ܶ࣬ʣ𣿡
ƴӻͳǮҡҡҡһͭС
аϰ循档
Ƶͷţöء
ӣϰЦʡ
Ƶѹӡȷʵ̫Ǹѹӡ
ϰȤʣܾܺ˰ɣЩܶСѹӣΪΪЩӡձ͹֮ĳԵġ
ûкܾáΪ˳⻻ӡ
Ҳкö࣡߹
һҡͰ˻ӵ
ϰЦ֣λС͹٣Ҫʲôڶİ
ʲôڶתͷˡ
һģ
ƿϰҪһģ
֣һʮģϰƿ뺰ǺҲǺ·
Ƹ˶ʮġ
Ҫֽӹ롣
Ƶ㣬̣ãϰ͵ϡ
ջ֡
ϰһ¥ӷŵ¶Сϡ
˸ϽΧȥţ̫̣ǶһӺشӹĵһɰòˡ
ϰ̲סſ
һ˲ŸһӣһҧƤ֭һڿǻζһϮ촽⣬̲סһúóԣ
ʵģƵ
߹߳ԱߵζС
ˮḻ
Ƥ˻ӵ֭
óԵġ߹ӻ
˵ͷԶԶԡ
ĸ˶ڹԹʳģҲʳĿȾ£Ҳ˼ּ
ɿȴˣʵû뵽ĸôԣС
ĸӺܻ԰
ԵĿ㣡Ҷˮˣ
Եúÿ
ӴСģ㣬ֶˣ
ɲҶٳһˣ
ϰ̧ͣΧĸ޳԰ӣһҪĹˡ
дϲϽװӡ
߻ڳƵĳţԵ֭ϣһʼ֣ţǰͻȻһڵӣĸ˾ȵ̧ͷ
ϰЦе˵ǳԵģǾԡ


88 ϰ
ǳԵģ߹ʡ
ϰڵ˵, Ҫӣ
߹ɻʣΪʲôҪӣ
ϰģºǻΪǳ̫ÿˣһѽ
߹ĵʣҲǺÿѽ
ѽϰЦ
, Ǿǳ̫ÿˣ߹ŵ
Ǿͳ԰ɡ
, лϰ塣߹ͽˡ
, ԰ɳ԰ɡϰ
߹ͷ
, ̫ˣҪһ
˻ӵ
ٴСһӺشԼǰӣûвΧܶڿǡ
Ͳ, Ҳ֪˳̫ÿֳԲЧϰ˿ˣϰһӣҪǼ, Ȼһƣתͷ߹һ㡣
ܵܣ㺰ѽ߹Ӧ
ƿԶƿӵ, һձ
, ȥ򡣡߹̷°ӵ
ֿ˻ӣ˸磬±
ã˸򡣡˻, ±̯ܡ
ƿ, ֱʣŵܵ, 㻹ʲô
š÷Ƶ
, ȥ򡣡
ÿպƴһ, ƴչƣʵڲ֪Ϊ¶֮ѧѵȵȡ
һֹɵصԱʳ
Ǿ̾ˡ
⼸СӺܲһ
ܻụİ
Ǵ˼ҵĺӡ
˼ҵĺӺܽġ
һҲ󰡡
Ǻ㿴˵л
һûмСء
ɲԷҲ˹ĺÿģǵҶˡ
Ҳ֪ļҵĺӡ
ʼҵĺӣ
֪ûмʼҺӵģƲչʾչʾסǵĿ⣬תͷ˴÷ձ±ˡ
һԡƵ
ĸΧһСһţһжǿжܺóһ
Щ̲ס˰ӡձ±÷߿˱߳ԡ
ɰϰǸ˼ˡ
ʱתͷԼҵĽСѾڷһѿըʱҲˣ㣬ըɣ
ԿѾ̳һըˣ˶ʱը
ըŸճ
ߣȥը߹
ãƵͷ
ߡ˻ӵ
ĸվûг±š
ôˣϰ岻ʡ
ȥըƴ
ԣóԵģ߹ͷ
ҲԵģ
˻ҲСҲը
ը
ʲô
ϰǶ֪ըǸʲôĿ׷ˣһССڷŻƳγεʲôƯʳ̲ס͸
ǰæµţǰԽԽ࣬ûһЩż
ôˣǮ߹
Ǯ߿һûȥ
ߺ𣿡Ǯʡ
ߺˡ
ǮͷǱŻ˵İȫҲ֪赶Ūǹԣʳⷽ棬ĲС
ô찡ֵ
ȥġ߹
ӴСڣɻˣ
ţһըƵ
ǳԣʡ
Ƶͷ԰ճըóˡ
⻹ûȥȳˣʡ
ţҪżǳɣɡƵ
ղߺûžŻǳԸˣǵƸǡ
ҪѾưС
ɡ
һģƶ˵
Ҳ֪ŻǸһģҲûиõİ취ѹżҸһը
ҪպǡƵ
߹պƽ
˻ӵҪպ÷ӷۡ
ҪպǴ׽
ĸԱߵСǰ
һըĻƳγεĵպϡ
лκĿǰûзѣûа취ѽƱ˸ݴκ˵ĿζЩպϡ
԰ɡ
Ƽһ䣺üม
СҪװˡָС
ƵҪһкöġ
ûп򣬿ǾŻӷˣֻˣ࣬ûע⵽ϰһȺ˶ߡ
ûз
֪һһըĺְ
ҧһġ߹һڵúóԣ
㣬һ£һԣһѾƵ
һǶôȤһ顣
Ӧá
ĸĸһ𺰣һꡣ
ĸִ⿳ζϰȻ֪ǺҪԵ뷨
óԡƵ
ֵġ߹
ġ
ġ˻ӵ
պպϣóԵԺɡƳԵҡͷԡ
ԡ˱߳ԱӦ
رˣһͲֻҪӣִ
ӣ
Ӷһӣ
˺ÿСģԵ̫㣬ϰǰϰ壬Ҳһʲô
ͷһ㶣ԼǻˣϽ̧ͷȷʵи΢ֵվСǰĿתضϰ塹ΪС𸣡ˡ
ҲûйϵʲôУֻҪͿԣҪȷһ飺Ҫ
ԣϰǰɣ
ǡȥĵһʳ˺һסʣҪʲôζպϣ
ϰʣʲôζģ
ǡƽ÷ӷۺǴ׽
ϰ忴һǰİǵǵġ
Եȡ
óһСӣװЩɹϱһǣݸϰ壬ӹӣＤѡ
ϰڴŵеһС
ھǽű͵ζһҧ޲ͻִУ¶ֱ⡣
Сӵİϰ˲ͣס˽Ų
ϰ壬ôˣʣζ𣿡
̫ˣϰ弤˵
ģʡ
ģϰƶ˵
ԥ
ϰһζģʵ̫ˣʲôû˵ͷһСԺתϰ壬ٸݣֽϸһݡ
ݣ
ϰ循ȣҲ쳣ǿϰʵʵϲĸԱţҲȷʵסζˣһʼ˵ˡ
ϰ壬Ҳһݣ
ϰ壬Ҫһ䵰ƽ
Ҫպ÷ӷۡ
ҪǴ׽ġ
ϰ壬ҲҪһݰǵġ
ֱӴԭء


89 ջ
ǮһȻ
һ̾öҪ
ת, Ѿ
ŻϽϰװ
ϰӹСǰ
εõԵպ, , 波һ, صζһӽǷ²
Ӵ, ó԰
û治
̵ϰ˵ö԰ǳóԣ
滹˰ǡ
÷ӷ۵ĺóԡ
ƽĺóԣ
Ǵ׽Ҳúóԡ
򼸷Կ
ҲԿ
ҲҪĿζ
ոտһ˵Ľ̯λǰһ
óԡ֡ñˡⶫǾˡȵȻһƮ˶С
˷׷׿, ŵζģһôڵģҲûʲô, ׷׹ԡ
תۼ˳
æ̧ͷ
˼״˲ѡ
Ƶæ
˵ȥæ
Ƶã㣬Ͱ˸ȥӣ
ȻûеѧͣǼ򵥵ļӼûκ, Ͱ˻Ӵá
ȥɡƵ
Ͱ˻ܵǰ, æӡ
˲һЩ
߹ʣܵܣҸʲôأ
ƿһųĶȥ
߹ƻ˼ʲô
ƽ͵ϵϵʲô
߹룬ʣȻǾͻˣ
ԡ
߹ͷ߰ɡ
߹ûг, ȥ
СޡһŻҾɵ߻һ
үү, 㺰𣿡۵ʡ
û, , ó𣿡
óѽƿվһһСк, ССģ۾ģƺ߹һԵӣһݸСк
Скͷߡ
ߵǲԣһˡ
Ƶûϵܳȳ
ⶫ
ϱӾĵײСϰգ˽ԭĵײСϰΪĻ飬ײ˵飬үүһӡ
߿Ск԰ɡ
СкֽӹСҧһ£ƺζٶȳһڴؿе
߹󷽵ֵݸСкһ
Скֽӹ
ߵҪˣҪˣһǾˡ
߹ͷ
΢ЦСкó𣿡
Скüţóԡ
ЦˣȻ߹˵л
ƵлϵҼҵġ
߾ȣҵ̯λ
߹һͷš
߿ըҲûпȻʣʲô
泤Ĵرóԡ߹
ߵʮ꣬û
߹Ϊǰûֳ
Ʋ廰ϵκũ˾оʳ
ģʡ
ŶӵԲĿ
ģƵҵϵڹٸ
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Ǿǻ򣡡һΪٲء
ϵ˵ũ˾оһֳʮ˽ƴӿڴͳһСС
߶ʣôС
ԣ
û߹͡
Ƶҵܺóԣʹӳ͵ؼ֣ջһٶֹջǧ
ǧ߾̾
ԱߵҲ㵡
߲ŵʣСޣ˵ģ
Сϵ˵ѵѾƼص
߹ͣԣҵܵǺúӡ
ǧ̫࣬һ˳Բ꣬ҵ̯ñ˵ģָָæµ
ߺŶӵ˰Űɡ
ߵϵѿۣп飬ÿ涼Ҫѿۣպϲľңĵطѿɡ
ͷѿˡ߹
³ö硣Ƶ
߹ӻһֻС
Ƹŵһ³Ƕ䣬
߹Ժܳ󳤶࣬ܳɹͷรȻ̣Ͳܳ
Ƹͣԣӿɣ԰ǡ
߹ֱۻһȦ԰һ
ǼҾϵôֵģƵ
ߺŶӵ
֪ڻ߹˵ĻҲżתͷ岻ԶǮʹɫ
ǮʶȤ߹Ƹ
Ǯ磬ں˵ءƵ
Ǯղƺ߹˵ˣ֪Ǵ˴γĿģʵֲ
ֻǾŻӺ߹Ǹӣ˵ûʲôŷȣǱ˵ӳֲ͢ǻ˵ֲġ
ֲ͢ߺŶӵһʡ
ûҵ˵ģƵ
ǮһŻݱ¶ˣ
ƵҵϵٸĻ֪öϢգ
Ǯһûû
ƼˣСǮǮ磬ϵǴɨӵİɣ
Ǯ֪ƺ«ʲôҩ֪˶һĺӴȻȻ˳ŵԣ̫ˣæߣɻȥ
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ߺŶӵ˶һССƺ߹˵ġ
ǶʮǮˣ϶𰸺ǻƶССͿ˵ֲȻֹˣɵÿʼĿԸ߲
һԲԵСЩڴٸֲһĿſơ
ĺ߹ʰСӣֻССʰ߰㡣
Ǯ磬ະʰƵ
ǮܻˣȺһ߹ʰӡ
һȺֱæ硣
ӹʮȫˡ
ûˣϰʡ
ûˡŶͷĺ飺ȫˡ
ϰʧˣһʣջ𣿡
Ƶ
Ǯؿơ
ƵҼ࣬Ǯ׬˵
˵úãԣϰΪ˭С̰ԣû뵽ǽģҲ⣬óԾУһҪม
ţصͷ
ǮƣƸա
Ƶյ¶˵
ʲôʡ
ƴ̯ؼҹ
һӦ
ƴͷʰٴСԺӡ
СŵСԺʻСԺӣʻ˻ʹ
ʹǰ̫¡ۡɡڽȴźǻ
Ҳûˡ̫Զ:˵һġ
ĸҪȻشȰһƶһʱȥȰ¡۵
Ҿš̫֡
¡ֻøſԶ
̫̲סֿǻҲ֪ƶڹˡ
Ǯ˵һаá¡۵
ôڻأˡ̫ͻȻҾͲӦƶȥģһʲôô죿ôˣô벻ü޳أǣ
ۿ̫żϻҪƢ¡۲ٽӻ
ɲ֨
̫ⲽԽⲽԽļ
ˣָǰͻȻ̫㿴
̧̫Ǯˡ
ˡ̫󼤶Ĳˣҵƶˡ
Ҳһ
ͣ
Ǯ³񣺡μ£μ̫󡪡
ɡ¡۴Ҵҵһ䡣
̫˸ǮˣϽǰƿûгڣһͻȻסˡ


90 ϶˵
ֻĸС, СԴСԴΧһѶѵСɽͭ壬š
һٶʮˣһٶʮ, ʮһ˻
˵ܵ, ϡ
˻ӵ״
ѣһٶʮ֮, ǰʮһ
ϵ٣˻գͺ۾
һپţ߹
Ҳһپ, һ
һپţ߹˻һ
һ粻ˣתͷƵŵܵܣ˵
ţܵܣ˵߹Ͱ˻һ
ٶʮ, ٶʮţѽǲҪСǮǮѾһͭ壬һװ
ˣƵ̫Żʡ
תͷ, վ̫¡۵ˣһʣ
̫Цˡ
ɡ¡۵
áһӦ
ҪƸϽһ£һ, ǮǮװ
˸ϽһͭװǮ
û©ģʡ
˸ϽܿûС
, ³ƽǮӷڡ
ô죿߹ʡ
һ³Ƶ
á
קһͭſڡ
̫¡۵֪ĸС⣬û뵽ĸСǲľһСèһܿ, Լĺ, ô, һ
ĸʣĸ˻
̫Ӧ
Ǯж, ̫԰˱, ̫ȻƣСƶˡ
ţС§̫Ĳӡ
ƶ֡ѡ
¡̫ȰʣôôŻ
æѾƵ
æ
Ƶţæ
̫Цʣ˶٣
ɣ
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¡۱ûƻɹû뵽ˣĺѾﵽ㣬Ϊ˵̫㿴Ǯϸ˵˵
ȥ˵ɡ̫
߱˵¡ۼɴ
һ˱㳯Ȱȥ
ǮˣԳԲʽ˵˵һ顣
¡ۺ̫²ͣ׷ϸڣȻȷʵƴͷҲƴͷֲһ佱ƣȻҲ佱ˡ
˸˵Ĳˡ
ϰ˵ȥ߹
ջȥ̫һ
ƽӻ¶Ҫʼգܰ;ϡ
̫վǼȥˡ
Уһ
ңеģƵ
صͷ
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ĸĸأ߹ʡ
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Ŷ߹Ӧ
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ûһӣӦ룬ӡ㡢߻Ӷܹѯ˳¶
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˻ӽӻ֣
ʼ˵ĻǷǳףյĽĿ⣬ĸ˿ƲסؿţԽԽţŵĺȥˣڹⳤģǾͳɣ
Ǿͳһ㣡ֱ׳˵
˸ͣԣ
ӵ̲סЦ
ҪϯˣǸϽáѡ
ӵ˸Ͻصλ
Ҳֻһ̫ߣһĶܶ࣬Ĳˣ̫ǲͣسԳԳԡ
ϲ̫ܳ࣬׻ʳ̫ѡ
šӦһ
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ЩӣĿջʱƳ߹ɻ˯ŷͰ˻ӶڸĸƤܡ
ʶصͷƣѾĸ첲˯ˣһۻˣԲ˯ô硣
۵ĲˣҲûʲôϷµ˼ֱӱƵϼ󣬰Ʒŵϣƶǳ˵㣬ôһ·ͦ۵ġ
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ǡ
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һ˯۾Ϳſŵ߹Ͱ˻ӣѾ˴ֲѡ
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ã뿪ϼ󣬺̫¡۸ʳС
ۣöóԵģ˻Ӿ
ǿ԰ɡƵ
ĸҲĶˣķ羰ץžͿʼܿأʳųԵĸɸɾ
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ǶҲô󣡡ƿ˻ԲĹĵСӵ
ŵܵܣǶҲСƵСӵ
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Űӵӡ
Ÿհںã˻ٴθоһ㼢ҲˣŲԶỊ̇ŵܵܣһӡ
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Ⱥ
ƶԡ
ĸӣȥ˵㡣
ʱѾըǰѾ˿ˣǾ̫٣ŶӲų˹עۡ
ŵܵܣҲߺȣ߹ʡ
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š¡صͷ
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ǡ
˿ֹһȻ֣·ڣһͦŹĹĵСǶǣͬش϶˵óԵĴ
¡ŵƽһ򣬲ˤ


91 
ݡү, û¶ɣ˸Ͻ¡ۡ
û¶¡ƿˡ
ʵʵվԱߡ
¡벻벻ĻӹԵֽѡϡָ, 桭ǲͬ, ˿, ĺ, ɵõߺȻá
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Ҳϡ𣿡¡ʡ
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˼״ʣү, ǲǸˣ
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ǡ
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˻ߺš
Ƹ, ͦˡǮ
һǰѾ˳
ۣĺö˰˻ӿĲѡ
ƵǾͲɣ
ȥӣ
, һ𰡡˻ӵ
߹ܵ, Ǽ
Ƶͷ
˻ǰ
߹ֳ, иϰ, ըǮˣ
ԡش
ʣըǮ𣿡
̬ƽ͵˵ǿҵһ, Լ۸͵͵㣬վͰˡ
ǮⶨҲ߰
ͦߵɡƲ廰
ԡܵܵ˵ʲô߹͡
궼ƺ߹
ƺ˵ܸߵġ
߹Ƶĵرߣ
Ƽһֳöġ
߹ͷԡ
Ȼƺ߹һһֲͣ˵һ飬ǮһС۸Ѿˣ˵Ŀɿڴ
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겻̫СӵĻ̲סתͷʣϰ壬Ĳôߣ
ûԼֳģǮһըǻ׬ġ
꾪仹ĺö
㲻Űƹ˵ĺܴ󣺡Եţܿٸͺٴɡ
ٸٴ֣ô֪ģʡ
Ϊҵϵ򣡡ƴ
ۣԱ߶¥Ȳ¡ۣһڲ˳ȥžҵؿ
үүû¶ɡ˸Ͻ¡۲
û£һȥ¡һѻӿˣơ
ӦһԱߣ룺ôɻˣ
¡ҲǼΪ棬Сƶں˵ʲô
򣿡ʡ
Ժ˵ڹٸﵱ򣡡
´ƣʲôٸ
ƴкȻ뵽Ҿǻˡ

ڻ浱ҲǲĲˣ
Ŷӵһ¸Ȥˡ
Ƶҵܻ¶ʶܶӵˣȻ֪¶ɡ
ʣǼҲֳģ
ԣصͷС겻Բˡ
ʣڡ
ֱ˵˵ҵϳɣҼҾɡΪһͻйϸ𣬹پͲˡ
겻ʣΪΣ
ԥһ£Ѿߡ
д¡ӡ
үүϢŭϢŭ˵
¡ôϢŭԣ޷죡
ǣүǾŻӹġ
ģ¡ˡ
˽͵ﰡҪ봫Ŀһ㣬͵еԣϰոȤͿԿڿഫ
¡۲˵ǻ򣡻Ѿߣ
Ǳ㲻ǰǱġ
Ͳܱ𣿡¡ʡ
˵ܱ̫ܲɰɣ
¡ԶԣЩ˿лã¥Ǹ˾ȻˣǶֹ¶
ûһ硣
̯λǰ˸ˡ
¥½Ҳ÷
үСһ䡣
¡ۿˡ
ָԶϵ
¡ϲãҶͦϲġ
ţڿء

¡ۺ͹ҪԶĿôȵطΧܶ˶
óԣ
û
˵ٸܿͻϰˡ
ʱҲֿ
Ҳ֡
Ҫһ˵öԣԺϰնŶˡ
û
治
ŮҲӲãŶŮ
ԣû취ͷ¶棬鷳󲮡
ǰ׬ǮˣҲǰͷˡ
Ǹ治Ǹ
ǣĸôСӪѾߡ
Ƕ
ĺ
¥Ŀͬ
СԱ飺ϢŭϢŭΪ˰հ
¡۵ѾڵĲܿˣһӵع̧¥
¥Ŀ˲س߿
æҾȻ첽¡ۣ¥ֱӻص
¡ĵµⲽ
Ӷǡ򡹡ѾߡǶ͡ĺۣԽԽԽǸСһ١
У
һƣ̫۵صƵģȫûа취Ȱ̫ڴӣ̫Ѿܶû߻ˣ̲סʣĸôˣ
ƶͭǮġ̫ЦƵĺܡ
ƣ
¡Ļڵһˡ
̫һ¡ʣʵۿ̫ˡ
¡۵޸ո΢ˡ
ȥƶˣ̫ʡ
û
ƶô̫󼱼ʡ
ƶܺá¡ҧгݵ˵
̫¡۵Ĳͬʵ˵
¡ѹŭƵġ򴫡˵һ飬뵽̫һƣû뵽̫Цƶ̫ˡ
¡𾪡
ɲ
¡۱ĸƶԣʵڲ
ʲôԣ
˵ǻ򡣡
̫˿ûʵۣ¶Ҫˡ
ޣ¡۲⡣
û
ʲô
̫ʣɼǵƶһʱ˵ʲô
˵ʲô¡۲ǵˡ
̫ƽ͵˵˵ƶ㰧Ϸ
ʱϲĸ󣬶Ȼȫ
ǰȥˡ
ȥˣ
ԣ밧ϷģɲıΪТ˳ĸѵܹлѾߣιѸ̫ǿԴҲǿԴ֮ˣ˵һβǺܴ𣿡
¡һְʯͷԼŵĸоҳѪ֡
̫ͲҪˡ
˵ǡ
˵˵£ܳߺȽΪ㣬Ϊ˰գ˵ǻ򣬾䵱һλôأֱ̫¡۵Ŀ
¡ۺȻʶԼСۣĸ˵ǡ
̫˼
ʲô¡ʡ
ƶĻе覴ãһ£˵԰ᵽϷ̨ϳһϰսܶȸˣ̫ͻȻȪӿһ㡣
ĸ󣡡¡Ȼ
¡һԸ̫ѽֻ˵һ˵ûô㵱ʵ۵ģһ㡣
¡ƵĲ˵
̫ǵڣ̲סСƶĴָ
СƶԴһ֪ڽǰæµæµԼ£ǰ̯λ룬̻ǮٽӸ̯һõȣĸСĲˣǵһ̯ϰϲ
Ƹһ
Ӧ
ˡ
ܵСǰѰһ£ˣŶ˵˼ǻġ
ƸǻȥɡǮ
Ƶͷ
߰ɡ
һ¡Ƶ
ʲô
ȥæһæƵ
˲֪ҪʲôֻСȣ̯ܵλǰ۵ҦҼ
ˣҦﾪϲ죡
ţҼóԣ׬Ǯ
ҦЦԡ
Ҫؼٹ
á
ǮΪˣû뵽ֿ̡̯ܵͰ˵ͬĻձǰ
ܵܣȵң߹
˻Ӹ߹ܵƸǰ
߹һһ𡣡
үҼһ𺰡
Ǯ


92 
ôѽүЦʡ
ƻû˵, ͬƸոյ̨ʣţҼóԣ׬Ǯ
ԡү
˵Ҫؼ, ٹ
үЦ, ռ
ռ˵
ƿ˵ѧ˾
, ѧܵܡ߹Ц
˻ӵͷû
˷ǵú, ܽӣҲˣתߣǻؼҡ
ؼҡ
˺Ǯһʰ̯λ, СԺߡ
·̲סʣƸϲҦ𣿡
ϲѾƽճǲСԡ
ֲúһһء
ƳϵΪһһġ
׵ʣΪʲô
һͣһ£֪ɡ
ǮһۣжźɣصСԺ, 򵥹һ£˱
һǰң̯λͣһ£ҦŶү˸졣
Ƹһ, ˡ
ɲ, ĸɰ
Ҳرóԣ
ûƸһ࣬㣡
Ҳ, ҶûгԹôϸʳ
˵ĿԵʳ
, ҳ, ͱˡ
óԣ
Բúð
, Χ̯λûÿ졣
Ҿûмôõġ
Ǿǡ
Ƹ˵, ͷֳˣҶԳԵС⡣
ƸǺúӡ
ɲ׼ֶֿͷŪ
Ҷ㡣
˲ͣ˵ţһЩ˸ҲС
еĽóԣе˵ĸ޺ÿֿɰе˵׬Ǯе޵е˵˵һ֣۶ȡ
֪𣿡ƴ̽СԴ
֪ˡǮһ
ŻӾǹ˵ˣҦ۵Ļ⣬Ӷʹ̯λǰҲۣ֮УҴϾͽĴڡ
ͷС̷̻һ취ֲñֲͿԴﵽƹЧ
ֻ벻ͨŻССô
ϵĸ·ϰյģ
ãȥɡƵ
ʲôʡ
Ƶʳ̯λڳɣȻظһĸԵոĸոĸ򡣡
̫ǻЩʡ
ƶصȻᡣ
ҲҪ򣡡˵
Լ׬򣡡Ƶ
һͬ⡣
Ǯ˳ˣҲͲЩʳˡ
ֻǿĸСС˶һŴʳһͱɡ桢ۡըӵȵȣߵСԲһʮֿɰ̲ס͵Ц
Ǯ磡ƻ
಻ˡ
æ߹
㡣˻Ӻ
ǮϽʳְ˱ˣ
˻ش
ˡ
ʻ
Χʳš
ͻȻࡹһ졣
߹ʣ˭Ƕǽ
ָ˻ӡ
˻Ѿ˵СӣϵҶǶǽС
߹ܳԣǸĸһģ
ͬԣ
ࡱһ졣
߹װͰ͵ʣ˭ĶǶ
˻Ŀתؿ߹
߹һ£ʣҵĶǶ
˵ͷ
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ӡࡹһ¡
Ȼǳ˵꣬Сӵ壬æµôãĺܶǺطࡹһӽ
ܵܣ̫˰ɣ߹
ǶǶǶУϵġ˻ӵ
Զԡ
ҪǾͳԵɡ
ղŴȻ˵ܳԡ߹һӾͶҡˣǾͳһ㣡һûйϵġ
öء˻ӵ
һơ
Ƶͳһ㣡
˴Ӧͳһ㣡
ĸ˽ʳд򿪣ζ˱ǣѸϱӺ
㣡
ͱúóѽ
ձóԡ
Ӻ
ĸ˳ԵУͻȻֻʣһɡ
ŵܵܣĸɣ˻ӵ
УøĸһƵ
ô˵ˣĹĵĶӣףֹһͣˣ¡۵ĿڣǵֱͣڴȰſڡ
ƶ𣿡̫
ƿ̽СԴͿ̫ӴȰﳯĵػĸ
̫Цƶˣĺ簡
ţɣǾͻɡ
úúá̫̤żֱơ
ֻС§̫Ĳӣĸҽ׬˺öӣ˳Եġ
㻹ĸԵˣ
ƵͷţɣҼļ׬ģ
Т˳̫һС
תͷѳϵʳкӶ
Ȱȥá
ů̫
ǡ
ɣĸ㲻ҪɡƲ̫
̫ЦŷƣƵ֣˵Ͻϴһ¡
ϴһ£ϻ̫Ҳѣһů󣬿һͭ壬ϵʳС
ܸɡ̫佱׬ôӣ
ţԺصͷ
ĸɡƵ
Ӧ˻ӵ
߹Ҳûйϵϰ˵һ¾ͺˡ
ĸȴ򿪿һ¡̫
ǰһ̫ū򿪰ɡ
ãԴ򿪡̫
ǡվԱߡ
̫ʳУһǿյġ
Ƶһ㡣
̫õһӣ²ǿյģмƬƤ
һ㡣߹
̫õһӣڿտյĺŵŨصĳζ
һ㡣˻һ
̫õһӣڿ˵ɡ
ɫһԼ¶Сɣ׺żƬʹлȥʳ
˰ɣƵСţʳ￴
ûС̫Գԡ
㳢Ƶ
߰ʳƤۻгζô¶̫
ϵǳԵġ֪̫ǸŮˣҲ̣̫ǰˣۣȻƤ㣬ʵɺöԵĸĸ
棡߹
ۣ
ͱ˻ӵ
Ʋըӡ
أ̫ʡ
ǳɣƵǻ·Ϻö
ǶǹУŵܵܵĶǶǹУȻǾͰѶ˻ӵŵܵ˵ܳɣǲס
̣
˻õĺܺá
̫ǿ˳ɳʳеɲǾ֪ĸСӶסˣûúܿɰ֪ĸһء
˵ͷ
̫ɶ˳ӣһһƷʣۣɶһ·ûɢֲ֭ʧԣɸһȻĴֿ񣬺ܺóԡ
ʣĸó𣿡
óԣ̫
˲¶ЦȻɿƲס̿ˮ
̫̿
̫ʣҲ𣿡
ҡͷ
˵ʵ̫
˵ͷ
ιǡ̫
˶ʱֻ໴СſС͵̫Ͷι
̫һһ׵ιš
ҲͲôһڣһ¶ǣˡ
̫˵Աţѯʳѯʻ¶ʵ档
̫ʣô˵ǻģ
ƵϷѾ
ֵ̫˽Żӡ
̫ЦŵͷƤ㶼㸸ˡ
Ϊʡ
˵ǻ򣬹Ѿߡ
˵ϰܼסɣ²¡۹ȻǸС۵ġ
̫Ǻܴȵ˵Ĳ
һЦͻȻĸ
ţ
Ƶһһ취˵
˵
ƴվĹС̫ߣСС죬ſֹ̫ġ
Դ
û˵ʲô
̫¡


93 ż̫
һ˵, Сʣĸ𣿡
̫תͷζؿ֡
ֻشյ̫ߡ
̫Сֶ˵˼ֵ˵һǲǺͰ뵽һˣ
ū澾˵, Ż̫, Ӻʹֵ
̫˸ˡ
ƾȵʣĸ, Ҳ뵽˵ɣ
̫¡˵ʱ, Ҫѻɫɫ̨Ըõϰ֮䴫
¡һ˵ӣͷ, ôһᣬ˼ֻˣǰ뵽ˡ
ĸ̫ˣƨ
̫һۣСһڿԼɡ
ϵ˵ţҺͻĸһ
̫Ц
ڴһ飺ĸ, 𣿡
̫ԥһµ㸸ʲԸ⡣
ΪΣɻʡ
̫룬һڲˮһ֮ǻ򣬶ûӰʲôѾߣ, ȵȾûŵ㡣
֪
֪¡СĲˣ
Ʋ˵֪ϵ, ңҡ
̫²ʲô
ԡ׫
㻹֪׫أ̫һС
ĸ˵ģϷӻӶϵ׫, ġ
̫ȷʵ˵׫Ļ, û
˳ŻǶ׫Ѿ, ׫Ͳϵɡ
̫һ, û뵽Ƶ߼, ͻȻ֪ηˣЦŵ˵úе
ƿĵʣĸͬ
ͬˡ̫Ҳö׫һǡͦõģԸõƹ˭Ҳѻ¡롣
ƻ˵ȥд
̫ʣ˭д
̫˰ƿ齱Ų
̫ƵĶתͷ̫̫ѧһ֣доӣ
ƼŲϵ
д𣿡̫ܾ̫Ǹѧӡ
Ƽ˵ûдٵĲϰգȻû츣ϰյģ̫ƹŰ壬ʵܻõġ
̫ȰЦ㻹˵ϰաСնǰȰȵģ˵
Ƶͷ˵˵ģе
ԣе̫Ц
־ȥ̫ѧŲ齱ߡ
̫ʣھȥ
˰æϸӵѥӣƴϻվСӵţû¿Σ̫˿϶̫ѧġ
ҲȥһŲ
ǱȥƸϽֹ
Ϊѽ߹ˡ
׬ǮǮĿɨ˵ǶȥɣǮǮ˭ǮǮôѾ
˲Ρ
ԣǵǮǮ
һٻȥมƵ
˴Ӧ
С̫𿴾ŻСģ˵ȴǼõġ
Ҫƶϻ̫ۡĽ
ֵͷͬ
վֱС˵ĸȥɡ
̫˵ʲôѾܳůε˵⺢ӸջˣûڰһȺ
ȰοŻӶΪͿԶ̫󡣡
̫ͷӴ⴦ơ
СųȰŹһ·̫ѧ̫˵ɳڳŵſڵûֹʣŻӣҪҪְȥ
ƸɴܾҪҼļ
ǡվıֱ
ſżϣ̧СȣʹžһˤϵͬʱҲ̫ѧ
֫ŵأӴһվߵ˸ǰģĸɾЩһҪ̸̫¶档
ЦĵƵĻҳˡ
Ƶͷ˿߰ɡ̧ǰߡ
˸ϡ
ֹ
Ż档
ɲ˵¶һһ׵ġ
ûмôĻӡ
š
û˵ֱ̫İ칫ѧԨһۿ鰸ǰд̫
̫ˣػһ
̧̫ͷһ˲۷⣬Ͻеıʣӭ˾ˣ
Ҿ̫ˡ
˾˿̫ͬҾȻЦе˾˿
߽ѧԨ̫鰸⣬鰸Ӧʿİ칫ÿ칫ǳ˵ģ׵Ҳǳ˵ģ̫Сֻܷӡ
̫״˾ˣְȥ
ãҼļԵġ۵ĺӡ
̫֪СӲ׺Ũ裬˵ˮ͵ǰЦʣ˾ˣҪѧ𣿡
ϵƸɴط񶨡
̫ϵϲһʣǣ
ûйĨǣֱԣдӡ
дӣдʲôӣ̫Ƶʡ
ϵھ¥߽ͷβ˵õıӡ
̫ʣҪֱʲô
£һ˵
ֻģҲ̫ɰˣ̫Ц£
ţĸҲ˵ϵ¡ư̫ˡ
̫Ҳ˵Ǵ£
̫˲С޾Żӣ̫˼ʱæʣʲô
Ƶǹġ
̫˼
Ƶͷţ˵˵
˵̫ȤŨ˵
ưѻ˵һ顣
̫Ǻųһ̫λã֪¹˵˻ô£׹ƺ̫ͼ˾ˣҪ˵ʽȥ
ûΪ̫ˣʣ𣿡
ǿԣ̫ɡ
׷ʣʲô
ְûдֱӡ
ԣ㣡Ƶ
յ峺Ŀ⣬̫˲ʲôѶˣǡ
д˸ҡƾԽԽá
̫Ͻղɣ̫ˡ
˼һԼʱ䣬ǡգһңɣ͵ɡ
ǡ̫Ӧ
Ǿô
ô
ƶʱɣϻ
ְ̫㡣
Ѿ
ƺ̫һѧԨ̲ס˵ǵı⣬ԿſҲ񻰣ôŶУĿľ
̫ͷְס
رǿ㲻Ҫдô£ϰղա
˾˷ġ̫
ܵܡȻһת
ƺ̫һ̧ͷԶվ񴡣
磬硣ƻ
߹̫
̫
ܵܣôʡ
̫дӡƵ
дˣʡ
ᡣƵϵ̫д
񴣺
ʣ磬磬ôǰԺ
еֽҵֽˣǰԺ򡣡
ţӣ׼Ժ
Ƶͷ
ʣҪȥ𣿡
Ƶͷԡ
̫˾˿Щȥɣһ¿Σ׼š
á˻ӻС֣ߵżǰ
ż̫ߣŻܿȥ𣿡
ܵġԼȥġ
̫͵ûŻ˰æ
֪ƺȻתֻС첲磬ż̫ɣҹȥ㱧ҡ㱧ҹȥɡ
㣺
̫


94 ſھ
ǡҪ, Ҫҡ
ǡҼļԡ
ǡļļ
ôҪȥˣ
̫Ŀתؿơ
С첲ȴ񴡣
ѸǰƱɿż, ½, ŰƷ¡
лл硣վ
, ȥɡ
, գȥʦ档
áͷ
ټƵ
šͷ
ƴŹԶˣ·̫ѧ̫վſ, ͵ŻСʱҪһ¡
ǡ̫һȴ󱧱
̫ˣûʲôµĻȻԺˡ
̫ͷ
, һ𣿡ʡ
ãһ𡣡̫
̫
Ժ˵Ƶ¶ѾԺ, ҪϿ, ʲôû˵ѧֱϼ, ĸ͵ܵԺ塣
ˡЦӭӡ
Цĸ, Ӯ𣿡
ƶӮᡣ
, ġưС
͵ܵһ, ĸ˱š
á㽫鱾, ǰ
̺
ʣܵܣ㲻˵ԼԼ𣿡
ϵºӡ
̫ѧʱΪʲôҪ񴱧
Ϊ񴳤úÿѾƲ˼ػش
ŵʣ⣿
Ѿ
ΪܵʲôԶ;û뵽ǿ񴳤úÿ˲Զԡ
ƶˡ
ƶˣ̷ӣܵڿʼš
ոţ¡۾͹ˣĿ¶ŭؿơ
֪¡Сۣ¶ص᷿һ֮Ҳض飬һ˼Ҫ顣
˼˼ž˯ˣڶʱֿŴֲѵ߹Ͱ˻ӡ
ϽȻ׼ţһγСԺӡ
Ǯʼװ
Ƶװʮɡ
ǮĶһ١
ʮԾ
ǰնʮﰡǮ
ǰϵϵĵһգϼе˶࣬öࡣƽͣռ˿϶ôɡ
Ǽһ룬кܶ򲻵ԡ
ûۿŽԽԽõġǮ
Ǿ޹Ƶ
޹ʲô˼Ǯһʡ
ϵһֻ࣬һݻǡƲΪɹӦļΪ֪ȣҲΪ˽ʡֲ
򲻵ô죿ʡ
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Ǯһ£Ƶ˼Ҫٵ²ģһƵĴϻۣǱȲ˵ġ
԰ɣʡ
Ǯæͷ
Ǵʮȥ꣬ͻعƵ
һá
Ǯ֪ҲƵġ
һʰСС
βߺȣѾǰ
վ̯λǰ̺˵޹¶
һֻһݣϰʣ԰
ζƵ
ѽͳ¡
Уǵһ֡
֣
ƵϵϾҪǼܹǧҪٶȻֻǧ߰ٽһʮ£άǽȶȣԵջǸʱ٣򵽡
ϰʣջ
ƹ˼˵ǧҰɡ
ϰ˾۾
˵һֻʮԺٶСƻͷֻʮม
֣ʼࡣ
ζ˲䴫ϰҲ˲ϽŶӹ
Ǯ硣ƻһ
Ǯ߹
˼æߡ
ȥĶ
ּ¡
ּ
Ƶͷּ̫
Ǯɫɫؽ̯λźˡ
ưˣȻǮ磬߰ɡ
Ǯơ
ڼؿʯٹ¥ͣһСǰ
ͳͭ壬˾Ʋˣ
ǮʣƸʲô
顣Զһ˵ˣ˴Լʮ꣬úݣѺܾɣ˵˵鲢ï˵ǻҲģŮʱʱкͯ˵
Ǯ˵ŻԻ·ʼ͸̫ϷˣϲҲûʲôֻ̲סǲǷּ𣿡
ڰءƵ
Ǯһͷˮ
ƿ˵˵ʼʰǰһλ硣
һ˵˺̧ͷһСޣپ£ƤѩףǴ껭߳ͯһ㣬ÿޣ̲סСޣÿ
л佱Ƶ
òѽ
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Ǯһ㶣ĵŻӣǻأôͱˣ
ֲòء˵˼ͷ
λ硣ֻһ
˵ܻˣûӦ㿴ƣںң
ԡƵ
㺰Ҹʲô
˵ų
ųȵʣô֪ģ
ҽƣԽƸϵҴ磬ǮҡƽԼǮ󣬵˵ģǻ˵Ӻʹ
佱ųЩĵģɰɣûʶ֣ǼԺá
Ƶһܺõıӣܰ챳Ȼ˵𣿡
㣿˵Сһ˵ĿǣЦˡ
ԣӡƴӻͳӣŵϣһһӹ㣬챳Ȼ˵һٸӡ
ų´ƣȻŴֲѣǾֹǶˣǼҵޣֻһ־ӣֵʵΪʲô
Ϊҵ

ʵҵ̱ɡ
̱̱ˣ
ų󾪡
Ǯֱͫ׵𣺡Ż⡭Ϸ̫ˣװôֵֹĶſھС
Ƶ̱ɣգ˵ûа취ƾ٣ǿʰдӵİãԾӹСｲĻӣ
ųпССТ˳
˳ʣԸȫ𣿡
ȻԸ⣬Ҹ㣬ʶֲ࣬ҪûϷת۳ͻҰտɱųʵʵ˵
ưģҵдıɡ
ǵտ˵
Уһ磬ۡ
С
л

ûкųģ߳Сݡ
Ǯʣˣ
Ƶͷԡ
⣿
⡣
ǮͷȻ佫Թһģ⼸;Żһ飬ʱӲá
Ǻ«򼸴Ƶ
ǮϽơ
һǺ«͸Ǯһ
ǮЦõš
崮Ǻ«
˳̯λߣԶԶ˺Ѿԭصţ˵ȼˡ
ƽǺ«һϣ˶ʱϲЦտ
ǮͻȻɾŻӲǺ«Ϊ˿ġ
㣬ɣʡ
𡣡߹
ţǻعɡ
á˴Ӧ
һصСԺӣϡ
˸һʳУĳʳǮȻϣﲻԵıģ̫˲ٳʳ
һȰ͸̫һЩµĸĸ
ĸû뵽ôТ˳һϲòѡ
ҲĵڸĸԣúϢա
ϣƺ磬ңҺһȥ̫ѧ
ȥ̫ѧʲôʡ
̫ñӣҪġ
ͷ
컹ûƴŹǷͬԵɵɵشѣƵظϼ
ܵܣҪȥˡֵȥ̫Ƕñӣɹ˸ͻء
СһеطҪ޸ģԿٸ
۾ˡ
۾ǰŵͶ֣̿ĵغ硣
ͷ
ɿ㣬ǰ˵ϣ磬Һ㱳ȥ̫ѧɡ
ôȥ̫ѧʲôʡ
̫ñӣ㱳ҰɣҰɡ
ŻӣСıɡֵ
ҪҪ米֪ƽʱڶƵġ
֣Żʲô¶ܸɳ
㣺̫ܵϲúÿˡ
áӦ
ſı˯һԺٱѾѧԨſڣĵغ㶬˵ټȻѧԨ̫ˣ
˾ˡ̫Ͻӭ
ʣд𣿡
дˣ֪̫⡣̫صؽһֽŵݸơ
һŵطԽԽ
ΪһһĴκ̫ѧһ̫ˣ۹Ѫּ׶Ҫ޸ģҪǷڶʮһ͵ѧվϣߵҪһ
̲סãдã
̫ǫػһ䣬Ȼ뵽ʲôŻӣ㲻ǲʶ𣿡
Ѿ˵дö࣡࣡Ʋȡ
̫Ȼûá
Ƶøĸ
Ҫ޸ĵĵطٺͱְ˵
Уɡ
Żߡ
ƱһֽĵػصϼûһУѽ˺ˣǮСݣһۿ˵ȴŵų


95 Ч
Ƹų֡
ǰ
𣿡ųʡ
Ƶ, Ҹط
ųȴûж
֪ųƵҸӡ
ųǮСһ硣
Ƶȸ㽲ӵݣ
ųͷ㽲
ư̫ӹŸһ顣
ų۾⡣
ǮһĶҸʲôġӡ
˵, ƺһˮʣΣ
ųһ˵Ƹǲͬ, СС;ܸ˾ʣ
Ҳϵö, ͻɡתųⱾΣ
̫ˣųܶ౾, Ҳлг֪һЩ֮⣬˵һЩӰιѸȵȣǰӸû취ᲢۣĲȻ
Ȼ̫доС˵, ڡͶ԰׶ȵģҲų佱ʣ˲
һܡųЩ
ƽʣܱ𣿡
Ҿû⡣ñӣųͿԱпһ㡣
áתͷǮһǮ硣
ǮƣƸ£
ƵҼǵʶֵġ
Ǯͷû
Ÿʶֲ, ⱾưѱƸǮ
Ǯʧɫ
ûƵͷ
ǮȫдžֲܾΥŻӣӹӣ޿
Ͷ, Ÿѡ
ųͷ, иҲܼǵס
Ǯûа취һᣬͶ˱, μˡ
ȴͷ
ųϸ
һ֮, ʣŸ, Σ
ų鷳ٶһ顣
ƱǮ, ٶһ顣
Ǯֻٶһ, ı飬ų˺һȻʼǮһΣȻûȫ̫дǽǽһʡ
ֵã
ųҲԼĲҪǱӺá
Ÿ磬ٶˣԹ֮󣬲͵˷㣬ʱͽһΡ顣
ųȺͷϰ˵һģҺʶܾãһͬġ
ɡƵͷ
سԱųͷϰ˵һصԼλһľ㿪ʼ鲢ï˵
һʼ˻ţűȤų˵һ䡸֪Σ»طֽ⡹Ȼ
˵
»طֽʲôʱֽ⣿
ʲô°ܲ
ų˵
û񫣬һΣ
һΣ
淢ʲô飿
Щˡ
Ǯǻϲ
ǵȻԺ˵
Ǯһţ룺ϲˣ
ųͿ˼䣬ߵǰƸΣ
ӳ
лųҲûпؽװڴ
ƵŸ磬Ҫ˵飬Ҫúý
ǱģӵģοⱾӲҲܵõ˵ϲҲúýᷴؽʱų˵
ƵͷãǾô˵ɡ
ţ˵ˣ
ƴӵϻæɣһؼɡ
ٻᡣ
ƴǮص̯λ
˺Ѿڵˡ
ʡ
߹
ö˶û򵽣
˻ӵͷ˵򡣡
ţ𣿡ʡ
һȻ˷ֱ˵Եʲô
ãǻعɡƵ
˲̫˵ӡ
Ʋʣôɣ
߹šüͷջȥˣͲܳˡ
˻ǿԺ󶼲ܡܳ
˭ģǳɣԳѾƵ
ǣҪþõģóһңңڵ顣
˿ķḻʣʵ᲻ôعһأǻȥԺ󣬺ú¶Ժͻĸ˵һ˵ϵԳա
棿ʡ
Ѿ㿴ξͳɡƵ
ǣҽղôȥ߹Сϣһ棬һٻȥ
˻ѧƽʱ̨ʣҲһ
룬ʱȴͦģҲûʲôҪҪ죬ǵǾһٻȥ
̻Ү
ƸǮͼֹ
תͷǮ磬Ƕɣһ棬ôˣ϶Աǵġ
һԡ
Ǯſڣɡ
㣡ǣ߹ӡ
ǮΥ
ƸϽס߹С죬˿ܣԼˣС㣬㲻Ҫ¶ݡ
߹ƵС֣ϲԸ⣬ϲԸ⣬ˡ
߹ǸƢưͬɡ
߹һǮţҲˡ
ã㲻Ҫٱ¶ݣȻ˰һץι֣
˻ӵԣץһι֡
߹¶ɫ
ס߹Сֵ㲻£˵ûɡ
߹ͷҲ¶ˣ
Ƶͷ
ǮĬĬؿŻӹֵܽ飬ȻЩж߰ɣȥһ档
áһӦ
С͵СԺӺһϣΧа˷ĵعţ˺ܶССʳ˵ȦͶȵСϷֱֱһʱʵˡ
Ƶǻȥɡ
˴Ӧ
ǮĸСӱʹɲǣ˲ˣڲٵĻӹǵİȫˡ
ܿصţû뵽̫¡۵ڵȴУǸϽŻٶȣͣ
μ£μ̫󡣡Ǯһ
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ǮʵŻ˵һγڹЩС
֣¡۲õ˵̫𣿡
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¡۲ŵؿ̫ûп֮ǰ̫ҷƢɶ˵ģڡ
аɣ
ԼĸȻ˵ʲôˡ
ƶ̫ߡ
ûлӦ
ƶֻ̫һ
ûлӦ
̫һô¶
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ĸС˯Ķġ
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С
˻ӹһ䣺ŵܵܣóԣţúóԡ
̫¡۵̲סЦˡ
Ǯһ
ظŻ̫ۣԾ˯ˡ
ûϽͻȥúϢ̫
˯лصԹҲΪʵ̫ˣһ˯ڶϣĲˣһԺܶţȰʱ򣬿ʼ˭Եࡣ
ҳƵ
ҳԵ࣡߹һ࣡
̫ˣҳأ
ܵܽԵĶͦ࣬˻ӾԼ䣬ھ͵ҳһͷ򣡡
㴵ţһ񶨡
ҡҡҾϵţѼ˻¸ҵسϡ
ִ̫Ц
ϼݵʱԺһ
ˣ߹
ֺʲôأ¡Цݵ߽
񣺡ʡ
ɡ¡۸̫
̫ʣʵ۲ض񣬽պôģ
ĸ󲻷һ¡¡ЦԱߵĵϣȲ衣
̫΢˼һ£Ҷæֲ飬ʣ¶
¡۷²Ȼʲô鶼ĸ󣬲¶
̫еʣϰսˣ
ԣѾаˣ¡۸˵
̫ʱϲãˣƶŬĽ
ҲŸˣţ
̫¡۵ǸϽϰհ
¡۵ޡ
ܷ׵
̫¡۲ؿƣΪΣ


96 ׫
˷Ƶ
̫ʣô˷
ƽ͵ܵõ, ͻ˺죬Եӵ, , ˷
̫̾Ƶ뷨ƶ, ˵ĺе
Ƶͷţ
¡ʣ˵ô죿
ƵǻǮ򣡡
˵, Ǯ򣡡
߹ŵһһ
˻ӵʮһ
߰ˣǾϹ̫һۡ
˲ˡ
ƵûǮģʳһʳһ
̫¡۵ʵ, ƶ˵С
¡˵˷ʱѾƵ˼
ѷɱػһЩʺֲ˵õԵӵȵȷʵ˷߷ŵż, Ըõؽ͵ֲУֲ͢ҲЩ롣

û뵽ķǿƵĿ, ش, ҲÿУ
ţеģƽӻ
̫֪ףһ§סƵƶ, Խʡ, ӳ͢룡
¡۵ͷ
ƵҾϵ, ׬
̫ԡ
, ÷һ룡ƿ¡۵
֡һ룿¡ǳ鴤ʡ
, ĵӣƵ
̫ͷûǵ÷ƶһ롣
һ룬Ҳϵġ
⣿̫¡һȡ
ԺܳȥɣҾӣ⣬׬ӣϰռһֱ׬ӡƲԼĲҵ̷Ч£ƶҵ
룡¡Цһ䡣
ţҪ׬ӣƵ
¡۲òϣ˵Ĳ˷⣬ȷȷʵʵǶֲͷչǳģã׬ӣһ룡
ƿĵлʣ
¡һЦ
̫Ļ
¡̫죬Ȼصĵµ⣬Ƶ뷨˵
󳼶
¡ĪزһΪ׵ԺȻʹⶨ飬Ҳע飬ڲܳ
ʱԳÿնڴȰˣѯʹ
һжĲ࣬Ȼ˳̶գڵЧǳá
˽ڳ⣬ϰҦŶүȵԴԴϵشۣų˵飬һʮʮ٣ڷͷʢ
˶̸ء
Ƶͷˡ
ɲı˵Ǹˡ
ų˵֡
ԣߺߵܶΪ飬رȥǸСݳԷ
𣿡ƾϲ
ǰСÿ˶ϰ˻ˡ
ƺ⡣
Ǹų˵ˣһ˵ü
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϶ģ˵ҵéݶ©ģ׼¸Ƿӵģָ׬ٿͺ棬һԱţԱϴ֡
Ƹǰʣȥ𣿡
ϴֵûУ۹˵Ǹĺ͸ĺĹ£һͦæûжںܻġ
ţ㼸գѡʵˣѧһѧͲճɡƵ
ЦŻӿˡ
æɣȥһĸ
Żߡ
ƴС뿪
ڴȰԺųν˵ĻɫʱȻһŭƣ
תͷһ¡ۣһֽȣƺǻ֮ġ
⡢⡢¡˱֣һ۵ɾӡǲдģ
С͡
ҿ㵨ԽԽˣ¡ŭɶ
ۿ¡۾ҪˣתСȾܡ
Ķȥ¡ۺ
ĸĸҪңسůܡ
ƶ޻¡ѹ
ĸҪңһ̵ů
¡ĸȥվס
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ĸҪҡưС
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Ϊ˵鱾ӡƵ
дģ¡Ҳɳһû뵽һ˵鱾ӸһԽԽϤĬдӣ֮ǰĻͬ滹أƱġ
ܵơٻӦ뺫˶˯߽¡밲
¡Ĳ
ֵ̫ɡ
Ӧ˷ǳɵվһԡ
̫ʣʲô˵鱾ӣ
¡۵ڸС˵ıӣڼ˶֪ˡ
̫˳ڵ֪˺ð¸ġ
ĸ֪¡۾ȡ
֪ĸƶȥġ
¡ʣ㿴𣿡
̫ʣǷ¸Ĺ𣿡
ȿ¡ѹŭݹȥһֽ
̫ӹɾӡһŮѡ򡷣ڵĳӶˡϱջ󡷡
ÿһ֣¡۾һ֡

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Ц
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ƣ¡۵
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㲻ߡ¡۵
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ǿ̫Уȴίˣѹˣʵۣʲôأ
¡ǿ򶨵ĸ㲻֪Ȿдʲô
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̫۵̫ˡ
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̫۾
·źͶ׸Ի
һ̫ʡ
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̫ӻʣˣ
ˣ¡ҧгݵ˵
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׫׫ģƵ
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¡۾֪ƹʹ󣬲ûжȨƣһٽưȾܣְٰ̫㻤š
û֪ưưǴκŻƣҲû֪ǻġ̫
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̫˵Ϊʲôϵյġ
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¡ˡ
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¡ˡ
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Сվڻĸϴ
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Ӧ̫Ｗ˼ڻĸʾͲҺݴɡ
̫ЦŻƣ㵹Ǹˡ
š¡ۡ
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´ξͲ˵ҵϵɣִһ£С֣㣬һม


97 
¡ۺ޺޵ضƿ
һ޹ӡ
¡֡
̫һ
Ӧ뺫ſڴ, ̲סŴͣͲԴŵܵˡ
ֻ¡۵´ȥҪСʱ, Ȼͣ, 䵽ƵС, ûз, ʮٸҺұţĲ㣡
ţƵͷ
¡̲סƵСסˡ
Ƴ̫ꡣ
̫֪¡۲ˣЦ§ơ
Ӧ뺫ͬʱһ
¡ϵԱߵϣһʵ, ˵ɣ㻹ڹЩʲô
¡ʣҲʵʵԼ̫дӣų͡ҵ̱ˡ顣
¡߬ȭͷ, ѹסŭ
Ժ˵ɡƹԹԵ˵
⣡
⺢ӣ
ֺϲ¡۶֪ôԴˣհհ, Ǹĺ, ҲǴ˽飬һ֮αؽƽϣƽһ, תͷζػһĸ󡣡
ţ̫Ӧ
ƶԺܿôϷˡ
Ϊΰ̫
㿴Ķʲôġֵֹ̰ۡġЩԪظոպö̫ϲ, ֻ̫󿴸ľͿ, Ϳ, Ƶ, Ԫض̫ǸŸ߰˶һдɲʤˡ
ãԺٿ㡣
ʵġ¡۵
֪ˡ̫ɫ˵
¡ۿƣСһģܿˣ𡶸ɾӡıӵĸЪŰɣȥæˡ
ȥɡ
¡ˡ
Ӧ뺫˸Ͻܽ
ܵܣ۲ۣ߹ƵСֿ
ۡƵ
أӦʡ
ҿˡ
Цŵ۵ġ
㻹ЦһƵС
֡žһһ¡
óѵЦ
Ʋᡣ
ӦʣŵܵܣôôӵĹ£
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˵ͷ
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׫׫ġƵ
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֪ˡƿ̫һӡ
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ƺһһ˵ţﻹǼգʱûᣬֻڹ棬ǡõʱˣҲæ
ưѹνˣÿյũ˾עһźֲȣѶûҪϰȴԸһʳһ
ʳ
¡ۺʹϲѡ
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Ҳʼ硣Ƶ
ǡũ˾˾
֮󣬹ѿʱ򣬹Ҳѿ߲ͬʱֲˮ硢ɳʩʡǶ䡢ȵȡ
תۼʼή
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̫̫ˣ̫ͷ
ţĸ㲻֪ջ١
٣̫ʡ
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ʮ̫𾪡
û񾩳ǸϰѾĸ󣬽꾩ǺͽûгִǴκһΣ¡ۼѡ
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š¡ȭ¡
̫Ժκطּ
ҶԹꡣ
š̫ͷ
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̵̫ƶ׹߰ҲС
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С̧ţ߿
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ܾĻûгڣСӾڿˡ
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л㣡¡ͻȻƵСϺһ¡
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ңƵ

ţֱӵ
ΪΣ
òÿˣң
̫Ϊƻ˵ʲôϲʵĻĸӹϵãû뵽˵Ļ㸸ʳòÿ
ûĸÿƵ
̫ŶЦ
ûĸÿû߽ÿ
㰡С֪ʲô󡣡̫Ʊڻ㸸ʿӣȻôôÿ
ĸĸͲҪס
̫ã㸸ףǿ֪㸸Ϊ㣿
ƻ治֪¡۷ʲô񾭡
̫Ϊˡ

̫ղҽûгִ˵ûдЩѹҲһֽѹתΪϣ̶תΪϲãţԺһ
ã̫
Ҫúũ˾ɻôκ˶Եñů
̫ӿж۰ӾǲһסƵСҲǺݺһڣƶõƶԺĸһúøɻ
ã
ɻǰš̫Ʒ¡
ֳ̫ߣҪöš
С
֮˾ˣһ̫Ϸµġ
ܿ쵽˰뿪Ȱ
վͲȰˡ߹
ʣĸ𣿡
ô֪ģ߹ȡ
ΪңҪһա
ĸҲ˻ӵ
һơ
ƵҡҲء
һ˵ݵĺá
ĸлĸôֵܽãҲĽ˵ţ˷ֲ·ڣ˷ֿ
ƻصϼһۿϼ͵Ʒ֪¡ʹ͵ģȡ
ƶ˵ػ
ĸôôģʡ
ĸԳʡˣڸǲסϲá
ʡף


98 
ûش
˵ģ
šͷ
Ȼ¼š项, ˣĸ͵͵͹ӣɹһЩѹ, һֱǣĸ, ޲Ͼͼһ
Ҳһֱ취ٳ¡
ʡײС, һķڷɲ, յĹͻĸʡףû뵽¡۾¶
ĵ˵ĸԼĸɣ
ƱĿ˵Ϊ˴󹦣²׼ĸʡ, ĸллƶ
ĸգĸʲôʱ
µס
ô죿µѾܽˡ
Ļϲĸء޲գ۾Ϳվ¼Ժ
ưСʣĸȥ𣿡
˵ˣԴ㣬ǵÿ̫˼ʱʱƴߵģ̫󲻷ˡ
ƵҺͻĸ˵, ĸһӦ
ãȥ˵ƵС
ʣǸȥ𣿡
Ҫ飬ȥˡ
ÿϧѽ
ûϵģͷ糤, ȥ, ʱȥ¼ҿһġ
Ƶͷ
ܿأˡ
֪ʡףҲ, ûа취, ֻƺȥء
, ǻᰴʱġ
Ƶͷ
Ϳĵ̵Ʒ, ˳˵һ¼ҵ, ͻȻ¼ҵ˾ܺ񣬾¼ҶǺˡ
ҲѪԵ顣
Ǿ¼ЩΪ˶ĸģУǴϣȰ밲óʡʸ󣬳˶ڽӴݣԷſŷ￴
ŻӣڸʲôһӺ󷽴
һͷ񴡣
񴴩ɫƾƺǸϹһɷ⣬ԽԵ󣬿ȴᡢʮһ꣬ͺÿӣԺ֪Ҷ˵İ
ŻӡһֱԼֻһ
ƻ磡
ʣڸʲô
Ӧ˵㰡
˵ſŷʲô
͵㰡
񴲻֪˵ʲôȲơ
վǰʣ磬ȥĶˣ

ղϿ𣿡
ϢԴһƬҶ
Ƶ̫ɣһɡ
Ҳ㲻ҲԴһ𣿡󲿷ʱһȥ̫ѧֺɽڷԷѧʱŻᵽ̫ѧ
û㣬ĵġƵ
Ҳ𣿡ߵſڡ
粻ģȤģͿԿһ졣
΢΢ƿš
ӻˡֵ
ŻӣˣӺԺɽϲ
ʦƻ
ɽƣ£ˣ
ƿ϶ػش𣺡С
ˡɽֵ
СӵϵϴöԵģƱ
ôʲôͷʡ
һ˿̫ɰұɣҲѾԼСӡ
ڹ˭ұ㣿߽鷿
Ƹ߽ȥµ׾Ҫɡ
ôֳɽʡ
ƵͷĸʡףҸȥء
񴽫ľҵǽϣͷƣȥĶʡף
⣬ΣաƵҹҪ
ʣҪʲô
Ƶ
ɽ꡹һЦˣССӣҪʲô
һεӣҵñҺĸѾ
¡ɽ͵ʱкܶȥǵİȫġ
СԴһĸлأ
ôܣ
һأҳôÿ˰ұɣǾͼɣƼ˵
ɽƿɰģ̫ɰˣһ˿͵ֲʣô֪а
¥ƹаҶ֪Ѿ
͵Ǵκǲġ
ʣصаɡ
ûС
У
ƽ͵صûУԸġ
ѾѾ
߰ɡߡ
ɽϡ
һ֣񴶯ؿһӣʼ
ƶԱ߿ţ硣
šӦ
㶯ƶ񴴵ʺƨ
񴵭صС
ֵϵϵʲôᰡ
ĸࡣ
ʣʲô
һˣһ˵
ˣ
š񴲢
ʣ磬᲻ҩ
ᡣ
᲻
ᡣ
Ʋͣš
һһشţȻݸһ幫ϸͲ
ʣɣ
ͷ
ضС⣬һСťһ£ಡһһСƬ˲˵ϣȿ񴣺СƬ
ţһƬСƬۣƬԺŻˡ
ô档ƾôģ
ܼ򵥣Ժ㳤ٽ㡣
áƼ档
ѵע㣬Ҫ˵Լ޹ˡ
ġһ㣬ƻǺŵġ
ͷҪ죬ٸһ
ⲻһ𣿡ƿϸͲ
һֻһգڶʱӰ죬û취³Ƭ͡
ôߡЩ
ʣʡƤˡ
аɣҲһʱģҲûмƽϣҪϸͲ
ڷԷţһɽһ°ͼһջ𣬸Ǵ񴿴飬һԶٷ
Ҫ뿪ʱָһƿϣʣϵʲô
Ƶϣţһ˰㱧ˣҿҵ
Ѿ̽ӹлл硣
š
ɡ
š
ƿĵˡ
ֵӣôصĶ͸Żˣ
ͷ
ֵԾŻá
ҲܺáƵСӰ
ƿĵ߻ϼ󣬰̵ƷϵȰʱѾڴȰҫԼĸε¡۵ʹ͡
ʸҺĸö񣡡߹
˻ӵҺĸҲУ
ҺĸлƽͷΣ
̫Ѿϰ˺гѺõʱȣԱеغȲ裬һ̧ۿƣʱЦ۾ƶˡ
ĸ
ܵܣʸʹ𣿡߹ܵƸǰʡ
ɡ
߹ʣʲô
ƵеģҶеģеģһС
ʲô
ƿĵҺĸҪʡס
˶ڹţȻ֪ʡ׵˼һҲȥ
֣ôȥء̫
Ϊʲôԣ߹ʡ
̫ͣƶҡ
ƶҵܵѽҵܵܵҾҵҡ
ŵܵȥãʡ
ȥһգ첻ߣٻƵ
ôð˻ӵ
߹ֵҲȥ
㲻ȥ̫ȥ˺鷳
߹Ͻ֤Һܹԣ鷳ġ
Ҳȥ̫
߹ˡ
̫ˡֶ
԰ɡ̫
ֽŵСϡ
̫һ¸ƣƶ
ƽӹҪҧһʱȻ͵͵ĳ
̫Ͱ˻Ҳ
һתͷȥ߹СԴС°ڣરવصᡣ


99 Ѿ
á
˻Сһ
ߵ߹ǰ, ôɣ
˻Ҳѯʡ
߹Сŵܵܡ
ʣô
߹ίĸҺһҾѹ
̫һ㶣⺢ӻˣ
ʲô, ƿڵҪѹ
ѹ߹Ե˵
Ƶһվͻ, ܿա
˴ô죿
˭ң
ˡ
л˰
߹ʣһأ
Ҿʹˡ
̫С, 򲻹ģ߹Լ̫С, ;õܵҪԼıһ뵽˻ܵܣ۵һΰરવСġ
, кö˱ҵģɺöġƵ
߹ҲҪ㡣
õġ
ҾҪ㡣
ŵ˵ԱҼļ
߹ʣô
㿴ƴӻͳϸͲϸͲģոպһ죬Ӧûе, һ°ťಡһ£һСƬɳԱߵСϡ
߹ס
˻Ӵˡ
̫Ҳؿơ
ƵûУ
߹ͷ
ɣ

Ҫϵ˴, Ҿ, 
ۣ߹
˻Ӳصͷ
̫ʣƶ
ϵѸҷģֻܷһաƵ
ҿ
ƽϸͲݸ̫
̫һ˿ҲǼʶ, ֪ϸͲһƬƬǿ, þǸС, һջͦ, ̫ĵ˺, ƶϸ㣬ɱ˵Լ
á
ѵǸɵģ˭
ϵ̫ѧʶġ
̫̫ѧũ˾ʶܶѣǲסҲûϸʣװˡ
Ƶͷ
̫䣬²ܵ˰ɣ
߹ӣеȥ
߹СֵҪңϸͲˣѻޡ
߹ͷ
ȥɣһ
š߹ɿڡ
ưһ
̫Ҳ͸һܹ߹ԹģҲֻˡ
ܵܣҪม
á
ڹ㡣߹
ҲǡͰ˻ӵ
Ƶͷɡ
á
ĸůֳ˻ЦҲʡ׵¶תۼ䣬ʡ׵Ӿˣ컹ûϼѾƻͨ
˯ش룬᷿Ϳʢװĸᣬ޵Ĳˣ̲סĸÿ
𡣡
Ǹˡѡ
һߵ㣺ʱ磬ȥ˯ɡ
ĸ͵ܵܳš
ТģҲֹ֣ƶ
֡
ϼû뵽¡ۡɵҲһˣһ֮һţȻʡרռͨź̺ӣ¯ӡӡС̵ȵȣֱȫСҡ
Ź˸վʻܲƺƵس˻ʹ
̲סƿġ
ƶһ
Ʒ³ӵܺڡ
ǵǣ¼Ҷһ
šƵͷ

һ㡣Сӵӣ׶
Ǿ˯һɡ
ĸ˯˯
ĸûô˯ɾƶ˯һɡ
šûȵ˰С̺ãƾ˯ˡ
һЦŹװñơ
ʶȤؽƱСϡ
Ʋ֪˯˶ãʱõģЦݵĸ
ƶˡ
Сĸɡ
ԣ
ʲôʱĸң
һʱ͵ˣûУ
šƵͷ
˱ȡˮϴڡ
ƺ֮ƿľһ޼ʵҰֵСˣʱھǸֵĶСžͿܴС£ʲôû֣ʣĸǶôͺͺģ
һµǶֲũ
Ϊʲô
ĸҲ֪ͷһũ˾˾Ӧ֪
ƵͷţſžͿ·һʯͷʯͷϿšϪء֣תͷĸϪˡ
̼
֪游ϪصڴκǸƷС٣ûлͻʼҳϹϵġ
ƫƫ¡΢˽Ѳһ飬Ҳ¸ͻʼеϵˡ
ֻ¸Ϫ˰궼ûб仯Ҳ֪¼Ǹʲôܿ͵˰ɣ
šͷ
ֹӣԼƿϿһˣ֪¸ƾĶϰյ
ۣѽ
ʡףܲ𣿡
Ů
Ǿǡ
˵ֳ
ֳ𣿡
ǻӱģʵǾŻֳġ
Ż𣿡
ŻˣҲ
Ҳǣ˿Ŀ
ĵӦ˰ɣ
һƱ㲻Ҫ濴
ƶҪҿֹơ
ֻ
ܿһžı
ƵĶ䡣
ԹԵشš
ת˹֮󣬽ӻ˻Σͣ£ɽХӭӭŻӡ
ƶȥˡƵ֡
ƸܵĲ
ڹ˵Ĳ³˳ŽټԺһȺˣһκμμŻӣ򸣣Żӽ𰲡
ɡŷˡ
лһȺ
ƿCλԼʮıȻ¸ĸ˳ֻٶǰõٴһľòޱȵˣ˶ݣȥԶû̫ᡣ
۾졣
ĸѾ˵ʲô¸롣
С֣ȥ˰ȣ˴ƣ¸ж֮ɫȻ
ƴ󷽷ػ
¸ļ£һ¼ˣ´磬¶磬õȵȣһ߳ĺѣƸоƣ룬ȴǺܿġ
ϵȥˣ¸ŵܳͶ٣ЪϢһɡ
ͷ
Ʊңʵѣʱĸͽˡ
һ֮ĸŮ˾ͱͷʹޡ
۾ҲɳһеޣһŻָƽĸҲ໺ˡ
ƶĸ
ĸػ
úĸ˫Ҫ§һ§ƣȻ뵽ƹΪӣ̫ʣҪջʱ§סĸ첲һ㶣ͷơ
ĸҾϵúѾƵ
ĸʱһů⣬ûļ§ƣǺúӣúӣܿˣܿˡ
ƸܵĸĴȰ
㲻Ҫٿˣ۾á
ĸ̫ˣã˲ˡ
ĸ˵һЩ强
ܿţ涫ðģƺֻð϶һЩϸڷ沢û˷ѣʱ´ɩ¶ɩ˶ˡ
һƬڵӡ
ȴĸȻͷˣĿĸϡ
ܸɸɾǿ˴ֺļӣٿһ´ɩˣТ˳гͿ֣ĸ̫μˣʲôûз֡
̧߳ңԺĴţʰĸɸɾҲֲʲô
ʱ̽һСԴ
ͷȥ
СԴһˡ
켫ˡ
ȻСԴ̽˳
һܺÿСӣ̴ӿڴͳһģѾม


100 
С۾һ
Ƶ
Сûй
ִӿڴͳһ, ķһҡҡպม
С̿ˮԾɲ
ߵԺſ, Сӵȫò, СС, ۾һ, Щӣǰĵݸ
СӲҽӡ
ֳСǰͣŰ
Сӵĸ˵Ҫ˶
ĸ
ѵĸ
ʣʲô֣
СӵԪ, ҽԪ
µģŴôͨССģΪĸӵ֮ģʣأ
Ԫҵ, Ҹĸ
ҲǸոմǵĶԻ֪¼ڷˮʱˣһӣԭǰС, ʣɣ
Ԫʵش𣺡롣
һ, ұýҸ硣
ġԪССһֻ˵
ƾʣôģ
ԪСĸ˵, ŻСġ
, ϵС硣ƴԽ, и˵, , ô
ĸҳײţҲŽȥ
ԣ
ֲվ˺ܶҲԭĸˣҴȥ
еġԪ
ԵģϵŻӣҵġԪ֡
СԪܵҲĸѹ
һ㶣ӵİ裬ºͣ߹ԵȵȣΨûмԪ£ɿԪСֵãȥɡ
Ԫͷ
㡣
Ԫ۾
ܿ˿ǽʯͷһʯͷϣһʯͷԪ
Ԫûоܾ
ƵݸԪһģ԰ɡ
Ԫûӡ
ϵС磬СģԳԡ
Ԫеͽ˹Ȼ룬һװڴ
ʣװʲô
ĸԡԪ
⺢̫ůˣƵĸá
Ԫͷĸ
Ƹով͸оĸֵͦģҲ֪֣ÿԪѯѯʣôõģ
Ԫ룬ֱӵѣЬӣϴѣˣֲ˸ҳԣġ
ƲʣЩѾС𣿡
ԪѾС˵øãǮùѽ
¶ɩƷԱոտǸ˵ӡӦʲô⣬ƽʣûѾСã
Ԫҡͷ
ƶһʣϵϵף
˵˵ԪС֡
ʣǶײף
˵˵ԪС֡
ƼԪһЩ⣬˽⵽¶ɩҹٴһѹסĸʹĸԼ¶ƻ¸ǵٺ»
뵽ĸ˵һ˵´ɩ¶ɩǶΧĸܹȥ˵Щ㽫ĿתԪ˵ģԵġ
Ԫͷ
ƴҧһڡ
ԪųһڣżҲԵģǴûгԹôϸĵģģģζͻĺúóԣ᲻һӳ꣬ССڵš
Ƽ״ֱӰѿڴĵĶͳԪ
ԪСһ
ɣһŵƺ
Ԫ˵
Ƶĸһԡ
ء
Ҫϵ㿴Һĸ𣿡ʡ
ɣ
Ԫͷ󡣡
һġСָķ
ۡԪŴС͡
ƽͣ͸һ㣬ģԲԣ
Ԫͷԡ
Ƶڳ԰ɡ
áԪһģſҧһڡ
ó𣿡ʡ
Ԫͷߵģ
ƿԪԵô㣬Ҳһ飬ĵĶԪˣС֣СشԪûһ顣
Ԫؿơ
˵ٳһ顣
С磬ԣ㡣ԪҪѵĶơ
ҪҪҳһͺɣҳϺöءƵ
ðɡ
ҧһڵóԣ
ԪͷҶû߹ôóԵģ
ƽܣϵ֡
ߵζ
ϵ̡
㡪ԪѧС
ͻȻԪǵСɬСʵ϶»ãϵѧţУţ衪
Ԫߡߡ
ม
µļտա
㻹֪µļ
ĸֻ󡣡
ۣһȥ
ãһѼӸ¸¡
졣
裡
ëˮ
Ʋ岨
ǽǵʯͷϣһһ˵ţʱ´ɩ¶ɩ˴Ժƣڵǰʺá
طԪ˲þнĬ
Żӣô¶ɩ΢Цһ䣬Ȼ󲻸˵תԪԪ㲻ܴСŪŻӵô죿
ŪŪ࣬ʲôɣɫһ
¶ɩתƣΪŻӺԪһСӣʲô˵ûʲô˼ɣȴû뵽Ż۾峺ǿӲﲻɵ÷飬ϽŻ˵ǡ
Ʋ¶ɩǷϻԪСֵԪߡ
ԪԹԵظƽҡ
ĸƻ
ĸһתͷ
Ԫĸ뻽ĸھεȼ˰ɣ
ûУСһֱҡԪ
ƽӻںء
ʵû뵽߸ϵľŻӣܹԪһ棬ĸοԪ밲
μ򸣽𰲡Ԫͷ
ĺӣ
ĸͷǺõģԪ⺢ҲǸõġ
Ԫĸ
Ԫĸ
ĸȥ
Ԫߵǰ
ֱԪ
ԪСһ̶ŵһĸĪسЩϲͰȫС
úӣôôݰʡ
ƿһĸ
ĸھΡ
ûзҪԵ㰡
Ԫͷ
Ԫʱ򣬹ĸûи㣬ڲϡ
ĸϽڹҲùôôصġ
ЦûвñˣҵķʱãҲʹ͡
ҲôŰ¶ô㣬ƶСҪӣһʶöţպϰĸȰ
ãѵûؼһΣûľͻعҾͺúôӡҵԪĲϵÿ
Ԫĸĸ
ĸѾԪ
ԪתƿС硣
ƵúÿѾ
Ԫ̲ס¶Цݡ
§Ԫֺĸһ
ĸһֱͣ˵Ҳˣ΢ϢһԪȥš
һȥ㡣
ãһ㡣ĸ
Ԫؿơ
ƵԪܵܣһ档
ԪصͷתСӣԹԵظĸߡ
תͷ
һλؼңԾɴ˷֮Уÿ˶ôĿɰġ
Ʋò̵شĸĿ֣ĸ֣ĸ
ʣʲô¶
Ƶĸҡ


101 
ɻʣ˵ĸ㣿
Ƶͷš
㣿⡣
ƵҺԪܵǽ, 棬ĸʹĸ밲, ˵ô, , Ԫܵ, ңǶ
ӻȻǾͻˣ
šί˵صͷ
̫ˣ̤¼Ҵ𣬿Ķڵĳ档
Ҳ֪ӶȻпĿİֻҪû, ŮҲʡ
û뵽ƶ˴˵ί
ҪǺɵ֪϶İָ̫Ҫ¼ҵݶˣһƽ͵ðŻ
ĸǻعɡƱС죬һܺµӵҶúõġ
ǲŸոյġ
ϵĸˡ
, ɵѧϰ٣ԵĲǺݱӵɣֻһССƷԱŮ, վǿж, ߣȥ
ҪЧˬá
۰ƵԸӵĵز, ȻСһίһˬʲô, Ǿöί, Ҫȥָ˵
ߡ
һ𡣡ƻһ
Ҳ̫ߵ, λԵ, ·ȴͬĸɾ䣬˷ġ
̫Ǿܣίָһġ
šƳӡ
üΧ
˴Ź¼լӣլӲͳҲͼСԺӣգ۹¶ɩסСԺӡ
κֱͨ˽ȥ
¶ɩСԺȻСýֵһЩĻݡ
ѾŪţ˴һ¡
𣿡ʡ
ŪݵѾӸϽأμμŻӣ򸣣Żӽ𰲡
ſںŵѾܹ¹
¶¶ɩ첽
ɡ
һȺ˺
¶繧˵
ͷƽ
Ѿ߸Ͻ衣
ƴİ裬εӣǻƿֻȥˡ
ŻӣȲ衣¶
ŻӲȲ衣
¶ɩڱʣŻΪβȲ裿˿ɡ
ʵ𣿡õطʡ
¶ɩһ㶡
ɩĲνǡĵ
¶һ
¶ɩ޽¼ʱûнʱ֪Ǹġ
ֻδü빬ˣΪƾò¡۵ĳ谮֪ùߵӡ
ŵϽ¼˺ϵǻƾžŻӸ裬û˿¼ҵԹ˴ʡƷ
˵Ĳˣ϶Ǹӣޱ˵ôһ仰
ʱģҲ֪ôˣ֪ϴԼϴһƣЦǣ˵ǣԽˡ
ԽĿɲֹһ¡
¶翴¶ɩС㵽ʲô
¶ɩҵûа
ױƽӻ
¶ݵ¶ɩ
¶ɩϸ룬ͳֻ;Ż˵һλǽǵʱǳԪǵľŻЩˣ̽ʣʾŻӣǽǵʱ𣿡
ϵƴ
Ȼǽһ¶ϽŻӣԩ㰡
Ƽ֣ˣر󣬺˵ġ
¶ɩŻˣƽʱɤŴġ
ᣬԪܵܡ
ãԪ¶ɩ֪ԪԼز˵ˣԪү
Ҫȥƴϡ
ŻӲô鷳¶ɩˡ
ĸ㿴㿴ϲҽϲҽƹĶСŽţϴɣ
úһ¶ɩƲ廰һһ˵ţϰԵ˵һֱû˵¶ɩ˿Żӣǳˣϣݣ
¶ɩͷһ
¶Ҳ˵
ƵĸߣȥԪܵܡ
ͷ
־Ӹµؿ¶¶ɩҲϰɡ
¶¶ɩΨΨŵŵصͷ
һ˳ĸڵСԺȥƿⲻͨǣǵĸСԺǰصĸԪԺ׽ĸŽѾվһԡ
һѾеϷˣڹʲôûгԹαطǵ׽ֻ
һѾ߸ͣǰˡ
ĸ⼦˶ĸӡ
׽ɡһѾν˵
һѾƵָһԵǱΧס
ĸԪȥΧĸ
Ѿֺذĸһۡ
ʶ
û뵽ῴһ龰Ѿ߱ӴĺãѾɢɢָӸɻŭɶʲô
ѾŻƣ˲ǵݣǡǡɺ;Żӡ
ϷװźϷˣΪ˺Ūɺ;Żӡ
ҵȣɺ;ŻӣҲûͨΪǲˣԶĸʮֲͷû뵽ŵĸϽء
ĸԪ
ǰĸ
ƻͷ¶¶ɩ
¶ͷ
¶ɩһǰһָѾ߾óСӣϷ˺ԶǾͲ֪жߣжˣˣȥ
ʲôʱֵ˵ˣͻȻͷ
¶ɩŵһ顣
żӵСԺӣû¶ɩԺЩݲݣҲû¶ɩԺôѾӣû¶ɩԺļҾ߰衣
⻹ʲô׵ģ
һֱԸ¼룬ʵ׾ݵں󹬶յʱֻĸ͵͵ӽ
֪ĸЩӵģ˵͵͵ˣѼŮ죬ȻҲôֲڡ
˷ŭ֮⣬һһۣǿ򶨺󣬵¼˶й
ǡӦ
¶¶ɩһ
ĸ塭Ҫʲô
һñãΪͿԼҺˡĸ̳ģɵѧϰֻԼԽԽң㿴Ԫʲôӣ

ĸûвñˣƶũ˾˾⣬ŮҲΪɣ㣬Ʒͨʲô
ĸ۾ˡ
¶¶ɩһ»оҪˡ
ߣǽ
ĸͷ
ĸλ
¶¶ɩվš
¸´¼һ͸ܵգܿ˿ĸˣҲҶʣʵʵ
ɡޱ˵
¸ʣ֪żǹǺ£
ʷϰɡ
¼һ¶ɩ
¶ɩе˵ᣬᣬҡ
ҽƱ磡ǳ
Ƹоĸƻ̫̫ʮǧС֣ץϵĲ룬ݺҵϣ项һ졣
¸ŵһ
˲˼֡
ְŻӲǸ̫ģܻӪơ
ƿĵ裬ˡ


102 ߲
յСӵĹ, ԽţĿɨкѹѹͷ䵽¶ɩ, ʣ, ԺѾ˭ģ
¶ɩת, ǡ
ɲҪ˵ѡ, Ѿ仯ЩѹȸС
Ƶͷĵĸ
¶ɩ˼Բߡ
˵ͨмһˡˮ񣬲֪ûм쵽ŮΪ, 㲻ʧְ
¶ɩɫ䡣
ŵ
񸾵Ѿߣ¶ɩǿšͨеŮݺаԵһʧݣҶǳѹϵչϷ, û뵽Ǵһӻˮǡ
ѾߣֱʣϷ˵Ѿأ
¶ɩһòӣϷˡ
ѹŭ㡣
񸾲֪
֪ʱ򣬻ˣĻ, ڹ֮ʱ, ´ɩ¶ɩӴ٣ΪǶǹټŮӣȻ֪, 벻¶ɩ, ʱŭ
Ϣŭ¸
´, עӡ
¶, տǴϲ֮ա
ĸҲȰ
¸治Ů, ´¶紿ŪȥƵĸŭɣ˵治ĸ֣չĹأôѾ
졣˵Ƶ˵滰Ϊֹ
Ǿɡ̺˵
¶ɩʱһ
ֵŻӣūڹЩĹˣûһǧҲа˰٣ūɡ
˵Ƶã֣ص㡣
ǡ
ˣЦ֮ʱϱԴɱ¶ɩðϽ˵˵
¡
ЦЦ¶ɩǸԼˣҪˣҲһڴȰ֣Ķܹ˰ٸĹˡ
˵ɡ
¶ɩʵʵ˵ԭϷǶѾӣ߲ãҪһѾһӡ
ʣʣµһѾߺһأ
ɩҪȥ¶ɩͬı
´ɩû뵽¶ɩ˵ͨһ˵ǷϷҪѾӵġ
¶ɩ⣺˵Ϸ˵Ѿˡ
´ɩġ
¶ɩĸ磬żĸⲻѧԿĸһƷԱŮҲûʲộǸԲÿӣͺ´ɩѪˣ㿴Ϸ˵ӣ뾡취Ҫ
´ɩ¶ɩҲǱУ￴¶ɩģ¶ɩǿû취ֻճԿ
¶ɩʵڱ̫Ҳ̲ס༥㻹ƭϷ˵塣
¶ɩõϷ롣
ѶӶǣˣ´ɩΪջ˵Ҳٹ˼ɣ͵Ϸ˽Ҷᡣ
˵ΪҲ֪˳һһϷүϷ˵ӡ
ûǵٺ»𣿡
Խ˵Խࡣ
Ǹұ죡´¶ǳһ󣬸Ͻ¹
¸ֱԼġ
һֱʳٺ»ΪǵԭһϪصϣڼ£ûѾӣõĴʡӣȳһ
ûٹʣֻǽӲӵݣΪ벻ڼΪ
˹֣
һתͷڵϵ´¶磬Ʋס̧֣žžһƣأ´ſڵϣ¶ָӡ
¸ɲָָǵӣ
´ӡ
¶
ûѿΣȴԶ׼ĲλŻӺ֣ǲʲôʾֻĬĬš
Ѿǵı鿴һƬ⣬û뵽Сһ𳤴Ĵ磬⸱ģ
ûʲôо
ޱ顣
ҽǴ㲻ɣ¸ٴ֡
ʲô￴أ¶粻ͷص
¸һתͷۿͨЦˣʧְ
۾Ҳ졣
ĸҲĴ
˻ǵĴǶ̫áСӹ̲ܽãǸĸĴѾƽƽʮʮʮ꣬ԼǷǼֵ˴£Ѵֵĸϣ̫ˣ
¸̾Ϣ
ĸѹ
´´ɩ¶¶ɩţ;Żߺٴһһǵӡ
´ǲĴ
¶´ɩ¶ɩϴ
ȻЦˡ
¸˲ؿ֪Цʲô
ȴ֪´˵Ǹˡ
Ȼʣ򱾹ϴ
´˵ǡ
ЦõʣʲôԲҵ飿
´ͻȻ˵
ϴ
´˱ģ¸ĸϴ
ĸ¸ˣδã
¸һʱ䲻֪δá
ʣҪǰѾ˻𣿡
´ͬ˲ˡ
һͬ
¸ԼĶӶϱηѵһΣǳԣû뵽ͬ˵˲
ʲô˲
ԱТ£ϪһΪ˸ĸβͽѰҩ
ҲϣӶӶôТ˳ǣҲûǻѾӣֻԺѡТǰ棬ǡһϸ׵ˡ
ɺӵĽʽȥӶǺõģĲ⣬ѹҲʧص̾ϢһҪˣҲҪЩˡ
´дϲ˿˿ϲõϡ
¸ּҰɡ
ּң
ǰ֮ʱĸڣּҾһͥ飬ûôּིҾͷּңҲҪٷͬ⣬Ҳûж֮˵´˴Ӵ˾Ͳܴ¸ĸõôˡ
һһ뵽¸ǰǴˣǰѶ㲻ҪҪ
¸Ǹ٣ҪƷʾԭԣ´Ѿͻԭٸǻᡣ
´ȴʼֻǵǸ濪ʼһغŵ

ĸᡣ
ԪĸҪޡ
̾Ϣһ
ƿ´ΪԼ棬ʲô鶼ó޵ĶжһȺˣԺѵģѾѾ
Ӧ
Сָ´˵ǿѾĸϮأ
״һ㶡
̫ɣҺ£һ´ӻ˵Сϣ۵˵ĸҺ£
²£ƶ¡Ͻƣŭ˵ĸȥ
²ƺ£´˺µֽתŨصááغţƱ
С첲§һ֣ĸҺ£
ȥ


103 
ǣ´ˡ
´ϽãǴ簡״簡
¶, ǵòСʱժ𣿡
´ɩʼˡ
¶ɩһ˰
Ϸĺ㣡
ưСʣּ֣ҾͲϵ𣿡
ִؾŻ, Ǽˡ
װɰʵǿ޽ʲô󣿡
΢΢һ
Żһ仰, Ȼıʡ
ǰ, ּ˻, ޳
϶ǿ飬˵תζ˵ū澲֪
Ϊ´˵ж, ƺôһ˵Ȼ׹ּҶѣǷֿӣûʲôˡ
֮¸ּ, ǲƽ´˹Ϊǲ׷˵ΣҲϸİˡ
˲ûϸ׵ͼԷּ, ޷Ժû취եȡ¸ĸļֵ, Բôϴ
ͨһ㣬˵ŭһðТ, 󺰴, ޹, ȥ, һ˶ʮ壡
õġϡ֡
´ס, ֪ʹķӣô
ŭٲ˼´˵ݣؽϳȥ
¸Ҳ˵˼û
ĸͷᡣ
ֶ徲ˡ
ŭȥ
֪Ӧ¼ž۵ʱ䣬ŻӣЪϢūȥ׼š
ȥɡ
뿪ʱҲվŵĹ
ֻơ¸ĸԪ
һʱ䰲ġ
ȿڵ飬ֵ𡣡
Ƶͷԡ
ֵԺǵ·Լߡ
Ƽͷ
Ѫˡ
ٵͷ
һ£ֵɩˣԪˣǵΪúóﻮһ¡
¸ĸͬʱԪ
ԪһֱΧȻ̫ǿĸС˻Ĵ󲮶Ͷǳģ̲סͳ¸ĸһЦЦ峺á
¸ĸȻ俴һһ³ϣǣûдӶӣǿԺúýСӡ
˵ǡ¸
ĸԪСԴ
ּҵ¶Լˣҽվ͵ûعġ
¸ͷ
룬ֵֹ¶һһǩݷּ飬
á
㲻ܸ¡
ġ¸ոּңҪּ֮⣬ҲȷʵΪСӿǵģǴСһٶĿͱӣΪǿǣöһСӡ
Ҳ֪¸ǸԭԵˣѾּˣͲı䣬ʱֹ˵Ѿ׼ˣŰɡ
𣿡ʡ
ԡͷ
ǡ뿪
Űɡ
¸ĸͷ
ûһžͰǰ¸ĸƺԪ⣬õܣڵţﶼ̹ܶࡣ
˯ϰߣʡʱ̫᲻˯¸ĸ˵
ƺԪԱš
Ԫơ
ƿԪ
Ԫơ
СԪܵܡ
ԪϲŻС磬ررÿررãСһ棬ֲ˵С纰˫۶ʱ⡣
ǳȥòãʡ
ԪСſȻ뵽ʲôʶһߴˡ
ƱĸԪܵܳȥ档
ȥɡҲ
ԪСֳһۿСԺֵĸ߲˹Ϲֲһӵȼˡ
С磬߰ԪƵСߡ
ֱֱؿ߲ˡ
ԪСԴССڿʲô󣿡
ƻڿˡ
ֶ
УҾǿŲ˲˳úúá
˲ˣҶʶԪѵý
գҲʶģǸԪ
Ԫͷ㣬òã
á
ԪƵС֣ߵСԺӵĽ䣬ָžҶذܲ
ţҳԹ
ԹܲҶҶ𣿡Ԫʡ
ϸһ¡
϶гԹܲҶҶɹظɲ˲ˡ
ŶŶСһﶮࡣ
ԪСָԱߵϵ²ˡ
ҳԹ²˽ӡ
²˽Ӻóԣҳ԰˸Ԫʮָͷ
ֶ֣ԪСָͷ
Ԫһ۵ذ˸
ԡƵͷ
ԪָŴײ˵ϵײˣ
š
ĸݲóԵġ
ۣǺĸǹԸӡ
ܵ佱Ԫܡ
СԺСֲ߲˿ɲ٣˵˵ԪָһϵͲˡ
ͲˣκѾͲˣ
ԣͲԳԣ˸ιţե͡
ƾȵʣǶԼեɣ
԰ԪƵС֡
ƸԪԺһСľݣƿԺţŵ͸ɲ˵һ̧ۿϹ͸ɶǡܲӣӵɢζǽϹŵ߲ˣǽǵ̳ӡסĥ̺һЩʶĹߡ
̲סпöණ
öԵİɣԪҺĸŪġ
̫ɣ
СֿԼˣԪĵ㵸Ȼ뵽ʲôƿһС׵ĸ׸ǵС磬Ͳѡ
СԴһۣȻа׸ɾͲѡ
ԪָԱߵСߵЩϴһϴһһȻ󡭡һɴ裬ֱ˵Ȼ
Ƶͷ
ɣԪС佱
Ĵָ
ԪĲˣСľж˵һ飬Ȼ˲߳СľݣһСľ˨ϡ
ԺԴȻһͷûץסû⡣
źԪһСԺӣ¼ҸԺƣһС´´ɩӴӴʹ
ƵǺӴ
ƨƨԪ
ôƨƨɣ
ʮۡԪǵ´ܵĳͷ
Ƶ˵ɡ
ԪһµС磬˵öԣ
ȥǣ
š
һ¶СԺӣſŷ¶ɩҹȻ󿴼¶Сһȳһյش᷿һСˤƨɶգ۵໽С
ССЦ
˭Ķ¶ʡ
ƸϽԪܣһܵĸԺſڡ
ԪСƨƨģ¶磺໡ۣ
ƴЦ
£ԺͲܴԪ
ƾȵʣ㣿
ԪţǶҡ
ĶƸϽʡ
ͷƨƨ϶У˵
̫ˣ
´˼ֱëԪûʲôӰԪСֵҲŹǵģԪܵܣģСڣԺ˭Դ㣡
Ԫס֪⣬Ȼͷš
ߣǻȥ
š
ԪС֣߽ԺӣֿСԺӽ߲ˣղһͷȻʱһ뵽ɣ
뵽ʲôԪʡ


104 ҵС
Ƹ˵˵ͲˣС
ʣʲô
иֵʡ׵·, һƬͺͺС£лĵء
ĵأԪһɻ
Ƶͷš
ԪССȻСüͷС, ˵, Ҷ
Ц㻹С, 㳤Ͷɡ
Сһ𣿡Ԫʡ
šƵͷ
Ԫ˼һ, ʣСһ󣬾ͺСһ
ƵԪܵҲܴѾ
ֱС
Ԫ˵С졣
Ƶߣĸȥ
Ԫͷ
ң¸Ѿȥæ, ĸڿʲôƻĸĸ
ƶԪǻˡ΢Ц
ĸĿ¶Ȱ
ƵС, ĺӣʣĸڸʲô
ЦѴ򿪵ĺ͵ƺԪǰ, º͵صڿƷѽ
, ϵ˲ΡƵ
ԪʶС綮ĺö࣬
游ĸԪƷ
ԪƷưԪǰһ, Ԫܵ, , Ʒء
ԪЩнؿ
ԪСԴ, ЦԪ, ĸ֪Σֻ֪䣬ԾͰСʱΣһѣ㴩
Ԫܵĸᣬɵصͷ
ĸ㻻ϡ
Ԫɹĸѣĸһôĳůůġ
ԪɿѣԪƶʱݡ
ûϵСӳÿ졣ĸ
ҲǣЬӺϽšԪСһȻССüĿ㣬Ԫá
ԪתƣС磬ҡ
ÿɣƿ佱
Ԫ˵촽
ţÿˣҲʱ֪ʡףʱЩһִһӣҴЩϣԺ˸
̫˷ˡĸŮ
Ц˵û˷ѣƶ̫ºòٲϣҲģ˵ĻҲûʲôô
ԶԶԡƸ͡
ĸֻñ˱ƣƶϲ
Ƶͷ
ĸһЩе顣
һһ
ĸӹúãͺãȻǺڴȥݷ𡣡ĸȥݷ𣬲¡ۣȻ˺󹬣˲飬ĸÿÿ;ԼĴ
ҹĺܺáϴҸЦݣƶܺãԺлԿر¡
ҸرáƵ
ǾͺáɫŻʡףǲˣĸʵ࣬תֵ黢ҲСģﴦҪӣš
ͷ֪
ĸֵ˵ҪעЩҪˡ
ţ֪ġ
ҲҪô۸ġ
Цŵ٩㻹˵ңӱһ
治ãĸҲԼãӲ
ûйϵԺֻ͵ԪˣҲû˸ˡ
ţõ͵ڹ桪
׵ĸ㲻ҪģԱĸģ
ۣСԪݡ
ĸЦˡ
ůġ
ĸ˾ô˵˵ЦЦʱֽˡ
Цס
ֵʱˣǸʰعˡ
ͷ
ĸЦ˲תΪ᣺

ŮҪҪˣĸסĵҪΪŮЩʲôֲ֪ԼܹʲôȻ͵Ķ̫࣬ȥԼðɡ
ĸֵãʲôС
Ҹ׼ЩԵģġ
ﶼУæ
ǡĸ벻Լʲô
ƿĸ⣬һǾõԵİɡ
ĸЦҸװɲˣûС
á
ĸһҪͲѡƵ
ĸ̴ӦãĸװͲѣ
С磬ҰװȥԪĲˡ
Ƶͷ
ԪСȳܡ
ĸȥѣȥ׼
ͷƻʡ׵ԺӣϹװûһĸԪŰĶ
װһ̫áĸ
á˽ӹ
Ԫ˵С磬ҸװöͲѡ
ԪСԪܵܣлл㡣
ԪС粻
Żӣ̰ɡֵ
ͷ
Ծ֡
һ߳Ϳ¼˵Ⱥ档
תͷĸ
ĸŬؿԼۿǲɵúˣһκڴŮȥݷ𣬲Ȼ޵ͨ˼ңܳ档
ԺԽҡĸֵ
ƽӻǵļ˶ȥǵġ
ûһԼεġ
˼λȨأΪﲻܺǱȡĸָؼ㡣
¾ҵҵȻְġ
̽ôװ
ĸῪʼ䡣
ͣذοҪޡ
ĸͷᡣ
һȺߵ¼ҴԺſڣʡ׵ͣ档
Խ᲻ߣ¸ĸһһ˵עӵȵȻ
ء¸Щᡣ
ͷ
ҲںԪ
ԪƺʱʶŸոռС磬Ͼˣڷɵ״̬
ƵԺĸҪһม
ͿԿСԪʡ
ԡƵͷ
ҪĸһȥС硣Ԫᶨ˵
صصͷ
ٲߣʱ֣˹šѡ
¸ϳɡ
ĸ֪ÿŮˣ˵ߴٵĻ
·㣬Ҳȫʡ׶ƻõɫ谵һ㣬ʻʹҲ֪ģˡ
¸ĸؿ
Ƶʡһʻ󿴡
¸ĸŻ֡
ĬĬᡣ
ƻС֣游ĸԪܵܣټ
нԶԪŷӦСˣһ򲻸Ҵ޵ͻȻ۵һޣ󺰣С磡ҵС磡̧׷
ĸһѱסԪ
ԪźС磡ҵС
һܵĲˣƿԪ޵ĸǼģ̺ͣͣ
һ㶡
һ
ƵҪ³Ҫ³
Żӡֵ
֣³һһҾ
ҲԼԼĿ˽¼ҵһЩǺ˵һʡ㻺ͣ
ԪԪܵܡ
ԪĸĲȣžˤڵء
ĸǰһµСȣɿرƣС磡
ҲԪԪܵܡ
һӱһ


105 
С硣Ԫź㲻Ҫߣأ
Ԫܵ, ޡƵ
ءԪ޵ġ
ɣԡԪĺ󱳡
ԪֹסСơ
СֲԪϵ, ˤ𣿡
ԪԼСֵûۡ
ǾͺáĵԪϵĳ
ллС硣Ԫ
ؿԪ㲻Ҫ׷ɡ
С, ҸֺöͲѡԪơ
ֱԵеġ
ԪҪޡ
ƺҪޡ
Ԫ±, ס⡣
ƵʹϵҼҵ, һĸͽڵҡ
ûؼҡԪӻ
ƵԣĸԿҡ
Ԫʵ᲻, ʣǡǡҺĸʲôʱ򡢿Խ
Ƶܿġ
ܿض졣
룬ÿļɡ
ʲô˼ѽԪ
ƿóԪǸĺӣû´Ӱ¸ĸһʵĻ
¸ĸʹˣһֱ, ſԣڴκڶʮһͣ鶼Ըıˣ֪ԪС, ܻ
ԸԪСС, һŻϵӣڴԺԳɲú, ر, ĸ, Կɡ
Ԫȵʣ𣿡
Ƶͷġ
Һú顣
, ú, õ˲ţΪϰס
šԪͷ
ƴӻͳһšú项Ľ飬ǿģڵݸԪϵСţĸѴɣͰɡ
ԪսС飺Ҳ
У͡
Ԫ˵С磬һģ
ɡ
ţ
㲻Ҫޡ
Ҳޡ
תߵʡǰ
ƣתͷӶС֡
ԪҲӶС֡
ʡƿ̽СԴԪۿᣬԪܵܣҪޡ
ԪСֱĨһᣬҲޣһú飬ȥС磡
ãӦ
ʡٴʻ
ſڳϿţԪûٿ޺ȴĳתͷڲ᣺ĸ
û¶ĸе˸С
Ҫ˸УӻԽԽաƵ
û
㿴㶼游ĸɡƵ
ǰ
Ժ󻹻ġ
ЦˣΪտյģ⼸仰һ˵ã̲סƱƶĸСް
ϵްůͣ
ҲЦˡ
úúãްů游ĸ
ţ游ĸҲϲҡ
ԡ
Ҹ߸ʣøʡ游١
ɡ
ΪΣ
ԼĿ㲻Ȼ»
Ҳ֪¡۷ǳϲ󣬵¸ССһⲻ󣬲ĸСЩͲ˵
Ҳа취һ游¶תĸһϪص飬ű˵ʧ٣תʼ̫㡢߹ˡ
ĸ϶ɡƵ
ɲҲ㡣ŵǵȰʱӦѾ˯ˡ
ҪȰ𣿡
ǰ̫㣬˵ǵŻֱ֮ʻȰͷ
жõʹ
һʱ

̫ˡ
̲ס⿴˿ֿƬߵС£ϸϸؿֱˣջĿ⣬ĸ
ĸ˯
أҪĸ
ǸʰС̡
š
û˯ջҲСһɣ˯ʱʡ谵ģоѾˣһĸ
ƶˡϽСߡ
ĸǿɣ
ԣ𣿡һˮ
Ƶͷ˰롣


ֳģʱʡͣ
Żӣˡѡ
ʡƬ̣ٴͣ
ƿ⿴һۣȻͷŻӣˣҪȰ
һͨ˵ͨҲֻǱʡСװλǺܺģһӵʱ䣬ǵ˴Ȱſڡ
ȰѾ˵
һ³
Ȱ˸Ͻתͷܣغ̫󣬾Żӻˣ
ƶ̫
ſȰſϣ̧СȣżѸٳܣĸ
ƶ̫쿪˫ۡ
˵̫
ֱ̫ӰƱƵСϺݺڣСһڻˡ
¡Աߵĸƶء
ء̫һûƣоǹһһնþ
Ҫȥӭƣ¡˵ʡ׶ܳǹȥһعƱ¶ںҹа塣
һͺˣϽľ֦˸ɰϣȥڽڴȰȴţڿƶˣһĶˡ
ҲأгءƵ
ûгţ̫ʡ
šƵͷ
̫Ͻ죬Żӱš
ǡ
̫ƽ
ֻøŽȻ̫¡
۳Ͷ٣Űɡ¡۵
ǡ
һ̧ۿƻ̫
ʱŷӦ롢ӵȫڣһڴؿԼϽк
ӦЦˡ
̫ϸƵƶˡ
¡۵һƲǳȥһգҲͰ˸ʱݵ԰̫Ǿˣһι
ҲܸӵسţúóӴ
̫ʱгɾ͸УԵ㡣
¡۸
Ҳ˵ʲô
Ӧ˿ƳԷ
С˺öࣺĸɡ
ٺȿ̫
ƹԹԺȿ
̫ˣŷӦ˻ڣɫջҪѧͻȥɡ
Ӧ뺫߻ӹԹˡ
߹˻ֱֱվš
̫ʣôȥ
ղѧѽ߹ֱֱơ
̫֪߰һնڵƣ㽫Ʒ¡
ţܵܡΧơ
ƿʼ˵
̫΢ЦſһۣȻ¡һѯʡ
ʵ棬ֻû´֮¡
̫㸸ĸǲġ
л̫佱
ĸĸܺõģ͸öණƵ
̫ȣ͸ң
㵣ʲôʱ͸̫ˣ
ţѾùƵ
˰һӡ
ǰǣ̫С
ܵܣҰ㣡߹ʮֻ
˻Ӹǰǡ

Ƶ
Ӧ
˿꽫ɲ˵ȵȶ
ۣ˾ϲĲˣöණ
͸ģƶǡ
һ룬ϵĸ͸ҵģ͸ĸôôϵĸ͸ĸɡưԼ߼͡
̫˴Ц
¡һƵС㵹ǻ軨׷𡣡
ĸҡƸ״
ʵۣƶˡ
ƶ
һѾƶˣ
аɣ¡Ҳ÷̫ǡ
ֵ̫ĸҸЩϵʲô
ã˵ƶһּˣﶼ֣̫ҲЦݣ˵˵
һɲ˵ɵģϵܲӣӣ
ܲӣӣ̫Ȼ֪ܶũҵ֪ʶǲ֪ĸࡣ
ϵܲͷ
ร̫ˣ̲סЦС˵
ϵͲ˻һɻ
Ͳ˵ͷͬ
ϵƵ
Ͳ˵ͷ߹
˵öԣϵͲ˵ͷƵ
߹ġ
һһܡ
̫̾ˣƶ߳ȥһգ֪ôණ̫ˣﲻɵӿ
ЩϵԳգƵ
̫Ц۾ţĸϲƶ͵
ţУ
̫ʣʲôоǸСӣǸٱ䡣
ͲѡץһͲѵ
ũ˾Сũҵǹ֮¡֪Ͳѡ
𣿡ƶûпʣĶ

ΪΣƲʡ
ΪߣֲڳϰޣԸӵ֥飬Ҳϲ¡۵
ֵĵϰƵ
¡һָƵӵƶĵ֮ԽлĵأΪݲ
ݲͲ˰
¡Цôܣ


106 
ôܣƷʡ
ũ˾Թũ, ʧܸա¡۵
ʣֵʲôũ
¡֪Сũ츳ʵʵ˵׻ݺ;²ˡ
ʣͲˣ
¡۶һ, ûС
ƵǾֿѾ
¡˼
׵ֿ, һ, Ѿ
û̫ӻʵ, һֱҪѻĵأӸһͲˣ˵ͻˡ
¡˼صͷš
̫ƵǾһֿ
¡۶Ͳ˲ϣ, ڵҸɡ
ţϵ˾ˣһ԰úúõġͦСظֻСɰĲˡ
̫Цˡ
ҲͷЦ
ţܵܺÿɰѽ
¡ûס, ҲЦ
ʮǢ
˵һЩʡ׹̵飬ʱɫѾ̫᲻ƣƹҹ
Ҳˣ
̫ʱ
¡۵Ƕ, ᳳ̫Ϣġ
ͷ͡
ġ߹ҺùԵġ
Ҳǡ
˻ӵͷ˯رʵء
Ȼһ۰Ͱ͵ؿ̫
̫ǰûԼԺж, հƶߣԽԽֿסӵĿ⣬ǵ, ˯һޡ
˻һƬ
¡۵ĸ, 
ƶ, ̫ڵġ̫Ҳȥɡ
¡ֻӦ, ˼, һ뿪
̫ϽԡϢ
ԡϣ̫ܵĴߣ̫죬Ȼ󵽸˯߹˯һӣƺͰ˻˯һӡ
ڶһ۾Ϳ̫˾Ĵߣһ
ܵܣ߹ĵ
ŵܵܣ˯þ˻ӳѣ㿴Ƕ
̫ܵˣԲ˯ôõġ
û̫һȰʵҪҪ˯ˣ
˯ˡѾŵû˯⡣
Ǿš̫
š
̫Ըƴѡ
ڴȰ֮󣬺һ𣬶ȥĸȻһȥũ˾
ҪǺũ˾˾˵ĵͲ˵飺ʰ¶ɣ
㣿ũ˾˾ʡ
ԡʣ˵𣿡
ûС
Ȼû˵¡ǿɶˣƵü˵
ũ˾˾ͷȻʣŻӣھҪʼͲ𣿡
ڲϵͲ˵ļѾ
ԶԶԣҰ¶ˡҪĵͲ¶ũ˾˾˵췽ҹ̷Ͳ˵ֲʱڣֵġ
ԣͲɡ
Żĺܶũ˾˾Ĵָ
ϵƽϲũҵƵ˶
ũ˾˾˼һʣŻӣ֪ȥƬĵأ
Ļĵֿ֣
ũ˾˾ӻĻĵҪġ
ãȳʹ
ũ˾˾ѣ²һͬ⡣
Ҫһͷ˵˵ɡ
ǡ
ֺũ˾˾һƱȥ̫ѧ̫ˣӺˣŻصȰˣ
Ҳ죬Ϳʼ׼ˣŵƽʣĸϵֺһ㣬ĸƵģԺԵСɽϻѩÿնܳԵĸµŵġ
ܿأ͵˹꣬һȺ˺ƺƵؼ롢šϷʫȵȣôȥˣһѩ꣬ů
ʱ﹬ⶼæ
ƵĽС̯λ꣬յƹϽӣĵװŴũ˾ĹԱ֪Ѿ̯λʼ⣬ͷβڴɾӡĻӣСһŭΪաС㡷ȵȣÿ涼Ĺ£ÿǿ佱Ӣȵȡ
Ƹоﲻ̫Ծ̫ܵѧѯ̫
Ȼ
ʲôһŭΪաС㡷ȵȶ¡̫дģ벻¡Ҳˡ
аɣѧ˾ʡ
Ҳƽϣ¡ڴȰĵȡĽ顣
ũ˾Ǳ߾Ӹȡо¡ҲþȣֻʣҪȡ
ϵƵͷ
¡룬ʣ㲻Ǻũ˾˾˵Ҫȥĵؿ𣿡
ͽ
ũ˾˾Ǹͽ
ʲô¡˵
ƽ͵Һũ˾˾ͼκкܶĵأǾдССʮദĵأеǳҼļæ
¡ʣȡ㿴
ƵͷѾ
¡۲ʣܿʲô
ҾͿѾ˵ҾͿɡСԴһ䣺ôϵϵ
ǻ𣬲¡ҲϣĺܴСģͦɰģ̲ס͵˵ͷ
ʣʲôȡأ
¡۵ɼ㣬ȡȻǻӱ޵ظȡһվܼ롣
ƹһ£ʮҰɡ
еࡣ¡Щԥ
ƽ͵ҵҪ
¡۶£У޵Ҫũ˾ʲô
˳ƵҪҡ
ã㡣¡۲̫ŻĵؿͲˡ
˵ģС֡
˵һԾŶ㻹ţ
ĵûٶ˵ɽ˺ģʵ𣿡
¡ۼСֻţվǰԼָȥˡϵһ겻䡹
Щǲмһ˵ģǸܵСָͷ̺СĪȤе᲻֡
Ƶֵɡ
¡ۻ
Ƽһ仰˵㻰ͷӴ
¡ոð˿˿ƶƵϲ˲ɢȥˣ
лʡ
¡ˡ
ڴȰһһũ˾
Ƭ̺ʮũ˾Ʋǲ
ƺũ˾˾ʮĵأʮǰȥأԭֲͣҲûйϵһЩ
ǡʮӦ
һȥڣӦöԻɡƵ
ǡ
ɣȥɡ
һ磬ʮͿӱ޵شӻʹºһϰտĿɿڴһº͹ĹĵһϰĿɿڴ
ʮܿũ˾
˺ũ˾˾ڵȴ
ŻӣжĶһʡ
ƽһСԺӣָŵϣж
ǡӦ
ǺãŪ
ǡ
ûһʮжСԺ
˺ũ˾˾
ʲôأ߹ʡ
ũ˾˾Ҳ֪
棡˻ͻȻ
ʣô֪ģ
泤ǳԵѼ˻ӽ͡
߹ΪȻصͷ
ũ˾˾Ҳеˣɵÿơ
Сץ
ϼݵһϸ
˺ũ˾˾û¡۴󲽳һ̤ԺϣӲȣһߵȥ
ũ˾˾ĵµ󺰣£
۾


107 μ
¡Ȼʱʱ, ҲЩڣڼˤ֮ʱɵ, ֻһ, ȵվסˡ
£û°ɣũ˾˾ĵµһǡ
¡۵, ҳݡ
ũ˾˾ϽƨӢ䣡
ū, ˤſڵءĵµ˵
¡㣬תͷȥˣȻĸСӵǰпʧ
ʧʲô
ʧûˤ
д
ﲻˣץסĸСˤ֤, ƶ
һ
¡ۿԺſѵôµſڣ
ΪѾƻش
¡ʣжԺ
ԺҲѾ㿴СԺ
¡̧һȻԺҲһһѵʮǴ, ôҲû˵òʣٿСʣ㿴ʲô𣿡
ҲŸտƵ
¡ʣз𣿡
С
ôࡪ
ٿץһй۲졣
ũ˾˾¡Ǹſȥ, ֻĵɫǳ, ʲôҲûз֡
ȴȷеĲ²⣬κ˿еĻĵؾǶʮһ˵μء
Щμʵء͸ȵԭʹηۼγ, Ϊμءжμغμ֡
һֶʺͨũ, ۿĸԺӽһƬμ, ׳Ͳ, ҲǲҪ, κͲ˱;ԣμأϢ޸μأʹԱߵľ²ˡܲʹײ˵ȵȳϲˡ
ԣԣ
ԴκͲ˿ֵֻĵϣ˲ѣȴܰЩ˵˵¡ۺũ˾˾Ҳ
ץʮͻȻһ飬ȷμءжμغμضУμͲû⣬жμҲ֣μز֪ܲܣšСüͷ
Żӣôũ˾˾ʡ
ûУ¡۸ʡ
Ҳơ
ƽһӵϣְɡ
ʲô¡ʡ
Ͳ˰Ƶ
⡢⡢ˣũ˾˾ʡ
ԡƵͷ
ũ˾˾ָǳɫʣ
ƼᶨͲˡ
ô֣
룬ɹһɹũҷʣȻɹͲѣˮҪһֱʪһֱ硣
ͨͲֲ࣬ũ˾˾ɵʣܳ𣿡
Կ
ũ˾˾¡ۡ
ȻŻûп⣬Ǿ˵ûʲô⣬Ͳһԡ¡һ滳Ϲ֣һЩȥ
ǡũ˾˾ӦһתƵŻӣʮĵض𣿡
֡
ֶ٣¶Ƹũ˾˾Ƶ
ְĶ
ǣǱְھȥˡ
һ¡ƺסũ˾˾
ũ˾˾ͷŻӻкηԸ
ʮֲ䡣ֲľͷķӣһ˱СװΪһڹ۲ͷ֡
ҪЩʲô¡۲ʡ
ҲҪֿѾ
ũ˾˾һ˵ֲ֧֣ũ˾ľֲ䣬һ͸ù
ƴߴٵ㡣
ǡũ˾˾Ӧ
תͷ˵Ҫʼֵɡ
̫һֱֵأȻʱһЩÿηյϲãСС͵Ǹоֵã˵Ҫʼֵˣ˵Ĳˡ
¡۲ԼĸϲֵصĺӣŶӺ߻Ҳϲ֡
ֲһǾװƽ͡
˵ͷ
ǿһװһӣװɡ
֪
ˡ߹ָСԺũ˾Աﱧŵֲ䣬ĵ
һѸǰһƵ
ũ˾ԱӦǡ
ʮֲʮǰ
Ƶװɡ
װ˵
˸һֻСľʼװСԺμװһֲܿװˡ
ѽװѼ˻ӵ
һװ߹תҪȥקһֲ䡣
Ҫɣƺ
װ°߹ָѵʣºöࡣ
ʣµģʣƵ
߹׵ʣΪʲôأ
ʣҲϵ顣
ʲô飿߹ʡ
˻ӵͷܲɱ档
˵Щδ߹һ˻ô˵߹׽˵ͷԣ
߹һȻӡ
¡۷
ȥǸװƵ
ãΧȥ
ĸСӺӴӴֲװһûо࣬һҲûоۣ¡۲ɵЩоԼĺã̲סѵƶע㣬ӲҪͷˡ
һ𿴹Ŀתؿ¡ۡ
¡ʣôˣ
Ƶôڣ
¡۷ʣ޸ո˵𣿡
ƻһ£ûУΪ¡Ϣظũ˾˾ȥæء
ʣ㲻æ𣿡߹ʡ
˻գ۾
ֱֱؿš
¡۸ոջúãӺ񲻻ӭӣãոˣޡھߡ
ټĸһ𻶿˵
¡ֲ֪ôĸһۣתߣĸ˿⣬תͷװ
ܿؽʮֲȫװˡ
ũ˾˾ýŻӣְѾź˵ĵֲˣվͿԿʼˡ
áƵͷ˾æЩֲ̧Ժ롣
ְͿˡ
С
ũ˾˾ֲ֣ڰڷԺһʮıǩ
ٰѻĵλüϡƵ
ũ˾˾ֽдϸĶ
Ҫ鱾ϼϣֹʪɡ
ʪˣͿˣ߹
ӻͲ֪Ķˣ
˻ӵͷû
ĸһһӣ˼·ͦģũ˾˾Цǿɰӹģũ˾Ĺأκ鶼׶ġ
˵ͷ
ǾŻǡũ˾˾ָָϣҪҪϴϴٻȥ̫󿴵ˣ
ģĸȵġƵ
Ĵȣ˻ӵ
߹ͷԻĸ
ϴˣҲûиɾѻѽ
Ƶǻȥϴ
ũ˾˾룬˵ĶǳеǵС
ƺ˵ţߡ
ũ˾˾΢һ񣺡Żߡ
ټһũ˾˾ȻС֣Ȼ֣ģشũ˾һ·ߡ
ŵܵܣʲôʱͲѼ˻ʡ
Ƶɹһɹũҷʣվ֡
ô֣ʡ
ץһͲȥСһ²ѵĶ
ҲҪ߹ѧ
Ƶͷʱһģֺܿɡ
ŮɢһһһƬ
ҲŮŮ߹쿪˫ۣһҪӡ
У˻˵Խˡ
߹§ƵҵܵСС
䣡һ
̧ͷɵ·ţȻһŵĿ⿴ǡ
ôôడʣȥͷˣ
ĸһ𺹡
ȽϿףֵˣ
˵ͷ
ȥϴϴɵ
һһӻصԹƻصϼϴĸɸɾģ˵Ͳ˵飬ڶȥһũ˾æһ磬ٴλصʱпǵȫˡ
ôѼ˻һѽ⡣
˵ܵܣĸߵġ


108 
˻һãȻʣĸΪʲôѼ
Ҳ֪
Ҳ֪߹
Ϊ̫ɡƵ
һʡ
ϳƵ
Լһ
ġű߹ʣǸʲôˣ
Ǹʩˡհ˻Ӹ˸ʮֲʩ, ʩġ
ʩũҷѽ
߹͵ʼģͲ
ͷ
˻Ӻܵ⣺ũҷʼǣҳ
˳ԭˡ
뱫֮, Ų֪Ӧ߹
߹ʣ, ˵ʲô˼
ϵڳĵط, Ųƽ͡
Ӧ㾪ȵؿ, ֪̾⻰˼
һƵС
Ų˻ǲԼǳġ

Χ
ѾסϵĳζתͷӦܲסˣһŰȾܡ
˿Ӧ㡣
Ӧ˲¶֣һ, Ͻתܡ
ŵܵܣ߻ӽҲżٻˡ
ӣӣ߻ӣܣСƶ̫ˡֺǺԶ󺰣Ѭ˵ġ
˻֪ʲô, һ˲סӣȻźһܵԶԶġ
ϵֻ֪Ҳųˡ
Сվԭء
һ߹ʣô𣿡
Ų
ѼҲġ˻ӵ
Ƶš
Ѿһ, Ӻʿ֮, ָſϺݺһ֮󣬳, һôô
ЦǸϽȥϴһϴ
ĸҲԶĶӵ, ϽܻظԹ, ͷ, úϴһ, Ѭ㣬ײĸİװ׵ıˣһͦص̫Ӧͺһ˸硣
ƶǡ̫
ģҪǿס
㣬̫ˡ
ϵ˵ǳġ˻Ͷˡ
̫ˡűӵ
߹һ˵źม
ҲУҲС
ǣ̫ϲ˻ӵ
һĺƿԡ
̫״Ц˺ˣ㣬ġ
⡣
Ҳͷ
̫żζѯũ˾ֲ
ɺɣƻش
߹ӻʩ˷ʡ
ŵܵ˵ٷһ
˻ӵͷţ
̫ЦſƣĲаճͲ𣿡
ƵͷаĸҶɡ
ĸҵͻĵϵһ
һƵ
̫ըˡʱ
̫ҳһԡ
ȥջʮȥֺ֡⣬ʣĲ࣬ճһըǿԵġ
ֶһ
̫԰ɡ
һպ̫ϲ÷ӷۣݵ̫ߣĸȳԡ
̫˼ˣãƶҲԡ
ƽըúóԡ
˰ţͷ
̫˳ڵƶڻĵֳͲϰҲԾըˡ
ƵͷռͲˡ
á̫ЦţĪġ
Ƽ̫ըһصԹ˯
ڶ˰ͲѣֵĸСһ˿һС·˻ǹһĪ߳ײϵĲ
ĸ˶߲ˣһſ˵ıϣũ˾˲˾񣬷׷״ӹ˱ϻСũ˾СԺܡ
ܵܣǸʲôѽ߹ʡ
Ƶ
ã߹Ӧ
ĸһСӣֲ﷭
ţŷţһŷ꣬ǲũ˾˾һԷ̫ܵѧ˳Է
ܻũ˾һץһͲѣֲ
ɺɡֹ̫ɡ
ǿʼˮ߹
ĸ˿ʼˮðݡ
˻ӿĵˮˮ
ǺȹƵ
˵ͷţ
ĸιʮֲҲˣصԹͺ˯
˿ûзͲ˵顣
ڶ߸˵ȥũ˾ֲʪ󣬲Ҫģÿһˮ֡
ൽ˵ʮա
ֳũ˾ߡ
˻ӳŵĵũ˾Զ
Ҷ㵽ũ˾
߹԰˺ô꣬᲻Ͳ
һǡ
һͲӦó磬߿㣬ȥ
ĸСũ˾СԺӡ
СԺվũ˾ĹԱһۿũ˾˾һ˾
ũ˾˾ͷϲ˵Żӣˣˣ
ʲôɣʡ
ũ˾˾Ͳˣ
ԸϽܽСԺӣֲǰһƬƬ̵СҶҶСĴָָ׸ǴСģĸǰʱ
Ͳѳģؿʡ
ûũ˾˾˵ͲѳͲ磬ְϴ
ũ˾ԱŸͣͲ硣
ĳ˸˻ˡ
ϲòѡ
ũҵƵũҵ֪ʶȻƭˣ
μֳͲˣ
ֳˣ
ϼݵԺ˼ϸ
Ƹ
¡ۼ̧Ժһ£ͻȻ뵽ղˤ¶Ҳ˲ˣǰߣڵɣ˵Ͳ˳ˣ
ǣ£㿴ũ˾˾ָ¡ۿ
¡ۿʮֲƬƬʣ˾ȷЩͲˣ
ر£ְͷ֤ЩȷʵͲ硣ũ˾˾ָһ㿴Ͳ滹ŰͲѣС
¡۴ȥؿһССͲѿƤ۵Сһã̶Ц
ũ˾˾ȹԱһ
¡ʵ̫ˣʣĻĵˣ
ũ˾˾ش𣺡ر£ĵǱϴֲһЩƳղܳ硣
¡ۿƣڸǲס͵ϲãһѽƱƶɵĲ
ƸϽС
¡۲ƵĶʣʲô
Ҫ
Сһͻɷ羰ԼĶӣ伫Ķӣɷ羰ֺη¡۸˵صã޲㣬ȻĵسͲ磬Ҫ㡣
ȸһСͰɡƵ
¡ʣʲô

ʲô
ϵũ˾ĳѾÿնߺö·Һ۵ġǾúũ˾ԶҲۡ
¡̴Ӧã㡣
룬ּۻ۵ϵСͣͻĵ糤ͣһӴ
¡ãʲô˵ãһǸǸ˰ɣ
лʡƷС֣˸
¡۳ûСһ¡
˲С٣
¡ȴǿĵĲˣһơ
ƸϽϴ¡ũ˾˾˵һЩͲ˵¶ĵػص󹬣ũ˾ĵ¶̫ˣϲһƬ
ֺǺǵơ
Ƶһȥũ˾
ţʴӦŵܵܳġ
ǽվͲ·߹ĵ
أ˻ܻˡ
ƻش𣺡˵һ͵Ժҵרó
һĽ
һƵ
ã˸ڴ
ĸĵϼһ
Żӣʹ͸ĳˡ档
ĸԷһܳϼȻ󿴵ſͣһ¶ľʰССᣬǰ˨һͷɫĳë󣬾ϻһ
⡢ϵδ뵽ĳ
˶ˡ
ϳ˵ؾŻӣʹй涨УǱΪ׼ģԺū澾Ϊϳˡ
Ŵ򳵣ͷһؼ
Żӣ򳵺ʵģϳɡϳ˵
аɡ
Ҳǽͨߡ
ƵϳСᡣ
˸ȥ
ССúÿĸˣλ߿ͨĸ˲оҲǲģ׷׽򳵡
ֻǵȰ죬򳵸
ǿǰ
СŬǰС˿
ĸˣ


109 ׽棩
һͬ˵ࡣ
̫ɶ, ôС򡣡߹߿˵
ǰ˻ӵ
ҲǺ
ϳżѣӵ¡۵ּ⣬ҪľŻӳﱸһ, żһ߹Ͱ˻, ѡһͷ˳ĳë, һԿһʮ
û뵽Ż˰װۡ
ʧˣ
ô죿
ųëʹ, λҲʹ
ǻ³ɡ
߹˻ӵͷš
Ƶͷ
ϳ˸Ͻ𰡣
֪ϳ˽ǣȥø˵ᵽϼ취֮ʱ, ˿ڵŻӣҲͲһѾūһ³С
˵ߵС󣺡һѾˡ
ϳ˴ϲԶԶԡ
˵ƿ
ƾҲǰϳˣǵͷ
ĸһ, Сǰʻȥ
Сʹǰȥϵţʮֻ졣
һ
ϳ˻ͷŻ, ũ˾, һ͸㻻ֻ򡣡
ƴӦá
ֻڲͬ򳵣ɺ͹ǵĿ⣬һ͵Ц
Ѿǵһμ龰, Ȼ֮, Ȼũ˾ſڡ
Ż, ū͸ֻ, Ȼæ, ͿԿ³ϳ˵
šƵͷ
򳵡
ܵܣ㡣߹
ҼļԡСᰫС
ܵܺð߹佱
š߹СֵߣȥСԺӡ
˻Ӹš
ǻСԺӣһʱ䱼ʮֲǰһƬɫ
ۣһЩ
߹С쵽ͲҶǰԱһ£ϲܵܣĳˣСĴָָ׸ǴСҴĴָָ׸ǴСˡ
İ˻Ӿϲ
ţƵͷʵͲ˻Ǳũϵȵȶ£֮ͻۿɼٶȳɳ
߹
˻ӵͷֵ
ũ˾˾ȹԱʱҲϲЦտض˾һƨ
ʣ˾ĵǱ߳ף
ûУƾաũ˾˾
Ƶͷǰ˵ֵ𣿡
ũ˾˾ϸվŻӵ˵ֲġ
ãٵȵȡƾӦÿԳ硣
ũ˾˾ͷͲ˳ʮ㡣
ˣôǰѾµسˡ
ũ˾˾ش𣺡ϲˡ
ãǾͻȥɡƵ
Żߡ
һũ˾һۿũ˾ССỹǸСᣬѾӳë˾ëףͷ񲼴컨ǶǾŵģֿɰ
ۣ˾̾
ƯƵ
߹̳ȥ
ϳ˸Ͻֹ߹ɣƢá
߹ͣʣһ𣿡
òҪ㡣УģҲǺ˳ߵģҪǳëˣϳҲġ
ðɡ߹ûǰ
ϳҪϳʱ־ŻľǡëͶ򲻵ûзƢһܵӡ
˵Ƣ𣿡߹ʡ
ϳ˴ػش𣺡ǰ
߹ʣǵܵôˣ
ϳҲ⣬ǵþ˭ϲģھŻǰͷСһ
Ҳ߹ǰ
򿹾ܵ
ϳԽþŻӷͬһ㣬·ĸǣԲö￴һ۾ϲţɡ
ϲܵܣϲҡ߹վСӵ
˻һĽؿƣš
ϱӾСϲģöеʵϢɣ򳤱תͷ˵ǲҪĽСżǣҺ׽ɣϲÿһɡ
ϳ˸Ÿ͡
˲תҪǰ򣬿ֲңж͸¶žϲ
ϳ˵ŻӣԾɡ
һСᡣ
ϳ˵ߡ
һʹСͻʻ
˾̾
ܹ˻ƵģС
˿ĲѣԽϲǾëС

ŻӣΣյġϳ¾Żӵˡ
ƵԱԱѾҾϲҡ
ȷʵϲŻӣϳ˽һ·գŻһʧأסȻĸ˽˱ȷһʧŰƣŻСġ
ߡ
ԹԵߡ
Ƶߡ
ߡ
Ƶǰҹม
ǰҹˡ
ĸ˾̾֡
ϳ˸Ŀ࣬˺ܳʱ;ĥϣŻͿԲݾ
⡢⡢⡭ѱŰ
ԣҲѱѱ¿ѱӽţ
оŻӿԽ¿Ӻȵȣ֪˵Լ뷨Żѱ֣ȫԽ
ڳʡ
ϳСŸϣԡ
룬ںæԺٿǡ
ǡ
ƺܿ콫򳵸ϵϼǰ˶û񫣬ָžں
һ˺ɶˣ̲סߴߴС԰̫ССקһСɵ򳵣ʱ˵
ĸƿĵغ
̫ƶ㡪
ҿӴ
㡢㡣̫ûм꺢Ӹϳģһ߸о԰һֵˡ
ҪùԵġƼ̫ͣǰ³ĸҿ㡣
ɣֵһ𺰡
ģƵ
̫󿹾ܡ
³
ֵ̫ĸԵġ
̫ưСᡣ
Ƹȥߡ

ϳ˺ֵȹһ亹
̫Ҳ£طرȣȵȰ
ĸôʡ
̫֪ǳ
ԺϵҵĳɣʸҵġһԺҳĸԺӡ
úúáС̫͸ˡ
Ҳáû뵽ֻô㡣
̫ͷá
ܵܣߺԶ·۵İɣ߹Ѿϲֻرע
Ӧöˡ
˻ӵͷǵι
ƵͷȻĸȥι
ǲ̫ʡ
ιô档Ƶ
̫ʣ
ϵֻ򡣡ָžëҸոոȡ֣ɣ
ȥɡ̫ȰЦ
˶ϧ࣬û򳵣һžϼߡ
һ·ͣؿžƺԴ;ľ롣
ĿǰҲ׽һˡ
ϼ֮󣬸ϳóɲι
ĵظιˮ
һĸ˶Χžתһ磬򳵣ֵũ˾СԺӣһۿֲԱߵ¡ۡ
񣺡ʡ
¡ЦݣƶĵͲ˳ˡԴֲͲ֮Ͳ˹עȴߣնһͲ磬˳ѯʻĵͲ¶
ĵͲ˳ĺϢˣ
ϲʤ
¡ۿĵҪȥ
ͬ˵Ҳȥ
áͲ˳˵Ĺͣ¡۱Ӧɴࣺȥһ
ƸϽתСȾܡ
¡۲߳ũ˾СϣȵʣƶҪ
ϵƻش
¡ɻʣǣ


110 
ʹȥԲݲ, ˮˮ˯Ƶ
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ϵָžë
Ȼ־ëȡ֣¡ʧЦ
, , һͻת
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, ߡ, ǰ
ϳ˷·һ㣬Աš
¡ۺũ˾˾ȹԱ֪򳵣û뵽ƸϳСССм, ģžë
¡۾̾
ũ˾˾̲ס̾ŻӾȻ򳵣
߹˵ҵܵվͻˡ
ûǣ
˻ĸ˻ӵ
¡۾ȵʣ̫Ҳƶϵ򳵣
԰˵
߹ĸϲģ
ŵܵ˵ԺԺػĸ˻ӵ

СС;ȻҸ̫
¡Ļ绹ûðͲ֮, Ǵɰڲͬü۲䡣
ũ˾˾ˣû佱ơ
¡׼׼һŻӻ, Ǿͳ
ǡũ˾˾ȹԱһӦ
ûһũ˾ſڲһ, 
ܵˣ߹ָǰܵܣ
˻Ӻŵܵܣ
һơ
ܵܣԲݲ𣿡߹ʡ
ڳԣһźˮˮ߹Сֵ, ȥͲ硣
һߵǰ
ǰǱǰ, ƿȥ
¡ۺũ˾˾Ѿá
߰ɡ¡۵
ʻ
¡ϣȥٻ, Գٺܿ, תۼͳ˻ʹ, Ҳ˻ʳǣûƽ̹·棬¡ۺũ˾˾ȵţ˶ģԴһڡ
㣬۲ۣʡ
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űס¡۵ĸ첲
תͷ߽㣬˸磬Ҳ
߹˻Ҳûп
תǰ¡۷·һý˶֦ϹĸԲĹĵƤӡ
ũ˾˾ûмиı£е¹Ǹɽ
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¡ۺ˸ũ˾˾ǰߣҲ߹һƬС֣ͿһƬĵأĵȴһƬ⣬Χһ㣬ϣ
Ͳ磿߹ʡ
ûũ˾˾
ȥ¡۴ǰߡ
ũ˾˾󲽸ϡ

һƬ͵Ͳǰ¡Цˡ
ƶμģΧݶûУͲȴ׳ɳ
Ͳ˳úúáһ
ũ˾˾ϲɫ
Ƶϸߡ
ΪΣũ˾˾ʡ
ĸһƵ
ԣҲ˼ҿĿġ¡ǸТ˳ģҲϲТ˳ĺӡ
ǡũ˾˾Ӧ
ڡѡ
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һŵϣȥһĵء¡۵
ǡũ˾˾Ӧ
ֿ˼Ͳ磬ź¡һĵأһĵأĵȻμͬǶðͲ磬Ｋˡ
ʱˣĵڶڹ⣬Ҳ̫ȫ¡۱ʣĵأ޺;ŻǾͲȥˣ˾ȥ̽飬ҲһڼͲ
ְũ˾˾
ǻع
ǡ
һһ
кҲһһҵ¡۵ϡ
¡ۿһˣû˵ʲô
ũ˾˾Ҳϰˡ
˺һ
˻ӵĶӡࡹһ
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⡣ζζԺܿزϲ
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ţܵã˵
Ƹһһ飬ԼҲеˣҧһ⣬ȻһȵĿ⡣
̧¡ۡ
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ʡƻһ
¡ĿͶơ
Ҳԣʡ
򣿣¡
ðɡСҧס⣬ִӻͳһ⣬һ¡ۣһũ˾˾Ȼõ⣬ֻʣһɣʣ˾ų԰ɡ
Żӣְ
Ѱʰɡ
⡭ũ˾˾ĸҽù³ԡ
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ϵոն⣬۾ֱɡ
ޡ
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֪ΪϲԵģ̫Сĳз͸Ľֵģͨͨһⶼĺóޱȣ֪¡۰ѰԹˡ
ũ˾˾״Ÿҧһ⣬ģóԣڳ꣬лŻӣԵôóԵĵġ
˺ܿҲˣһǸϽס¡ֱۣ˻ʹ֡
˾ظλ޵Ȱ¡ҪѺϢ̫
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ĸĸƻ
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šƿĸô
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ԭˡԴժñ֮ԽϲĴһˣá
ʵۣôˣ̫Ȼе
ͷһ¡۵Ĳӣ滹ճЩ֪˭ŪģǶְɣ¡һҲƽʱĻʵˡ
¡Ҳû뵽ʶһۣܾԼڰǰˣϽǱһ
һ£֪¶϶Ͷйأһۡ
Ϊ¡ĵ·ãʱǣŪա
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ԭˣպһѣѾϴˣʵȥϰɡ̫
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˸̫Ȼһ˵ĵسͲ¶
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Ӧÿԡ¡۵
̫ˣǴκӣҼһԳ̫ͣĵ
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û̫§Ƶƶ̫ˣ
Ƶͷš
̫ʻͲ磬ǳǳĻϣֱ˼̲סʣƶô֪Ͳ˿ֻĵϵģ
ΪĸѾڿ˵ˡ
һ


111 Ĳ
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¡۲׿
ʱ, ˵ĸһЩΪ̫¡еĹأӶǵǲˡ
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ƽӻһũ˾˾ĸԺ￴һɫͲˣϵֲũա
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֪֪ǵƵ, ηֻۣӶμ˵ȻСС;̫ˡ
ͻȻ¡һ, ŽΪֲ, ɽȵɡ
ȻȫҲ룬ܽĺܺãúչأ׻Ļ, һĻ, ʹ, Ȼֻһԭ, һЩԭ, ũ˾Ҳ֪
̫ͷƣĸڻĵͲˣ
Ҫĸɡְ׸ĸ
͵̫󣬳ĸССǳǰδԹٿֲ࣬ˣҲǰЩ׾ݣԺֲҲ֪ʲôػĻһζֲˣոպڻĻϣͲˡ
¡۵ͷͺܺ
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ͷ̫Ӣ
ƽӻϵģ
û¡۵
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ﲻһ̫ʡ
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̫̲סЦָ¡۵ʵۣٺ»ֵ̫ˣ
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Ƶʣ˵Ҫҵģ
ͣ¡۴ʱ˿ʲôԸơ
ʲô
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Ҳ֪Լʱܼӹٽתſ̫СʣĸҪʲôأ
̫ϲСƶԼ˵ĻӣϲСƶһֱĸҲſƶߵĸҪƶҪʲôҪʲô
СԴҪٺ»
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ֻСָ
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С
С֡
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Ȼ̫ܿ컰ͷתĸϣɣĸҲ˴󹦵ġ
̫󣬳ĸײûʲôص
ҪͲˣƶҲְ

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ĸ˵ǡ¡룬ϪΪٰأһֱǾҵҵΪΪҲְˣþͨѸߣϻ磬ǰΡ
󾪣⡭
ͲйΪŷˣƷʹ͡ŷڴκһвרŽͶԴκũҵֹҵȵȸй׵ѻŮԣȻûʵȨҲûٺ»еλһʹ͹һ뱲ӡ
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ˡ
ֿһͲ磬һţ΢ʳҲˣڴȰ˯
¡һ뿪
ɹ󣬺̫һ£Ͳ磬ֵ˹ظȻǲ뿪Ȱ
һȰ˻Ӿ͵Ȱ
춼Ҫˡ
ţҾҪЬӣͲܳˡ߹
˻ӵͷҲǡ
ټɡƵ
˵ͷ
ĸ֮ƻصϼһۿ¸ĺܶܶʹ͡
ָжؿˣƶ̫ˡ
ĸҲáܱô˵ޣ۰˿٣ȫõ裬˵趼ûá
㸸Ѿּ游ĸ¸ӦþͿΡ
ƵĸдţǾǵѾ
ԣƣĸ¶ĸھд̲ˣȥ鷿дš
Ʋ鿴¡۵ʹͣġˮҩġСȵȶУĸòô࣬Ȼ뵽񴡣
Ͽź㷢һ¸ĸְ֮ŵĸҪһЩѡ
ѽá
ĸ󷽣
ڶһ磬Ʊŵġˮҩĵ򳵣ô˿ըȡ
ƶҪʲô̫ʡ
ѡƵ
̫ΪǸũ˾ĹԱûϸʣվһ˹
Ƶͷ͵Ҫѣһ˸ϳɡ
㲻𣿡̫Ȱʡ
Ѿĸĸ˺ööѣҶġ̫͸ѣͷѡ
̫ЦãԼϳҪעⰲȫ
ţرϲҡ
̫ЦƵС
Żӣˡʳй
ллƽӹʳУ̫ĸ档
̫Цŵͷ
ʳеȰżǰСؽʳзŵż⣬̧СȣżʳУŵСϣ򳵣ߡ
̧ӣյǰš
һȺɢһתͷССƸһë򳵣̲ס
Ż
ȻԼ򳵣
ֻܸں棬档
ССģССģֵģŻССֵģĺÿɰѽ
Һ뱧
С̫󴦷㡣
Ҿ룬ҪôɰĻӣֵˡ
Ľ
ĺÿɰѽ
ǶԼĿ佱ʮֿģǰתˣרһ㡣
ûкǴкȵת䣬˺󹬣ֱԷſԺţ󺰣磬ɣѾ


112 
ԷԺŴ򿪡
񴡢ɽͶֿƵɲǾס
ƿĵغ磡
û˵
ɽ򳵡
ֲŵػһŻӣ
ϵѾƽ򳵸ϵ˸ǰ, ͣҪ³
˲䲻ˡ
Сͣƴ
Ż, ǣ
ϵҵĳƽص
ĳɽûô¿ɰ򳵡
, Ҹҵģ
ɽʣΪʲô㣿ôڲͬĶ
ֳ, ֳͲ, д͡
ֳֳͲ¶ڹǺ䶯ɽͶ֪ƣֻǡɽССĳʣ⳵ʲôأ
ҵũ˾ֵѾ
ɽʣĹԱֵ, Ҳг𣿡
УֻУϵͣκҲһ˿Իʹɸϳ
Ͳʸ䳵ӻ
˵Ķԣʻ˵, ȥĶԸϳҾ͹ɡưС磬Ҹöණ
񴿴Ƶ¶Сᣬණ
ƺʦ, , СϵĶ
ɽֶ˶
ͽԺɡ
ɽ߽Ժ
磬ҲҪԺมƵ
񴿴һԱߵľë򣺡ҪҰæ𣿡
ƵҪرԡ
ͷ
ë׵, , ǽԺӡ
㡹һ, ߽ԷԺӡ
ɽ֡
Դ
֪ȻԴһ, Ƕ׼־ͳ塣
ŵ˼Ӵ, Ƣô󰡣
Ƣʹֻ§ŴĲǲ֡
˻Դ
˶
ƿ񴣬ѽþòһﳤˣøÿˣͷԴҪ㣬Ƣม
㡹һ
Ƶ磬
ɺĳ
˳Ĳ񻰡
ףĲӰ߹
ƺ֪˶ֵĿҪ֡
ָϽˣŻӣ˵˵ҡ
ûõġƵ
ΪΣ
Ƶϲúÿģ
ҳòÿ𣿡
ҺÿѾ
۳࣬һֱţҲ֪û;Żӱȣû뵽ëȻܿ˵ĳ࣬Ǹɶļһû۹⣬ȥɻˡ
񴿴ɽ
ɽ˦˦ͷҵӢͲġ
ԣƻǺܸʦӵġ
ɽͽ۹⣬ͽʲôԵģ
Ƶιô˵
ôι
ҴвݡߵС棬һСӣСʵݣһݣŵǰ԰ɡ
ͷԲݡ
ƻСƽС
ɽСӣŻԼһһġ
Եģʡ
ûɽ
ɣ߹ȥԵġ
ɽߵԺʯǰ
һһ˽ʹ͡
š
ⱧʳУ磬һǴ˿ཷ˿ը
лл
ɽϲƸոֲûã͸ԹǶڸкܺãǵţˣ˲ѡ
Ҳϲһ˳ð
㰡ɽ۾
ҲҲԡոĶ֣ŵζܳˣҲ¶ˡ
԰ɳ԰ɡ
лŻӡɽ֣Ȼ뵽ӻûȳأһ񴡣
԰ɡ
ɽָϽӾͼһڴ˿޲ڡ
磬ҲԡƵ
ʣ㲻ԣ
ŶӣҪһʦĿ⡣
ɽһ٣ƣСͽ㵹ǲԿ
СͲԿ
񴿴Ц
ָը磬ըδöպ㿴⽴úóԵġ
ϲһ֣ʡ
Ҷϲ
ϲĸ
Ƶİ㷺ʼϲȻϲȻϲȻϲ
ûưȰȵ˵ȥһպоζǲ˲١
ó԰ɣʡ
ͷ
תɽʦԺף
Ժˡɽش
԰ɡ
ھͳԣ
Һö
úúãʦ͸׼
ɽŶȥ׼⡣
ѯʡ׵顣
ƾʡ׻˳ϸͲֻ߹ǰչʾһ£߹ĸ棬ûõʧȥЧˡ
ⲻǺ𣿡
ϵ£ϵһϵҪƵ
ΪʲôҪ
򲻹ˣð
룬ã㳤ˣҾ㰵
գ
ġ
ϵõ硣Ʊ֡
΢Ц
ɽ
˿ȥ
ɽһѴõ⴮Ժ׼⡣
磬ߣҲȥ
ĸΧտܣ߿죬һƾͲ˵ˣרߣߣıģԱɣһȥɡ
ô磿ɽЩᡣ
ţҺæġƵ
æʲô
æͲѽ
ȷʵǴ¶ɽæɣΪʦ
Ƶͷһģʦټ
ϳע㡣
šС򳵣˻С˵ټ
ӣŻǿɰֵ
ɽǸڲͬĺӡ
СӸϳĶˡ
ôôɰСأ
СƲ֪ô佱򳵣صϼ˯͸ȥȰһ棬ڶһũ˾
Żӣˡũ˾˾ӭӡ
˾ÿѾƵ
Ȼˣձ°䲼һʥּϰտѻĵأֲͲˣɵֹȡͲѣÿ߿ɿĶĵأճ˰ũ˾˾
̫ɣ¡Ļ¶ṩӺ˰϶ϰյĻԡ
ɲϰվûĵزֳͲˣǿֳͲˣһԸˡũ˾˾ôκĸԽԽ࣬ϰԱκҲԽԽõġ
ҪͲֺãѾƵ
ǡũ˾˾ŻӣͨͲͿ𣿡
ǰƵͷ
Уְ֪ôˡ
á
ũ˾˾æĲˣÿһնҪĵ￴һͲ磬¼ڱϣϸƻ㱨
ܿأͲ糤˶ʮҡ
˽һͲ磬ֵʣµĻϣԱ֤Ͳ˵ĳɻʺͲ
ŻӣͲҲ˰ɡũ˾˾״ʡ
ԡƵ
ֿ֣ʮĶĵأֵˡ
Ƶͷ
ũ˾˾ȥ֡
﹬Ͳϣһꡣ
֮ߵͲ˳ýʵʵģɰ¡ۺ̫˻ˣϰҲļˣû뵽ͲĿڻĵϡ
߹ȴˡ
㣬߽㣬ôɣʡ


113 Ϸ
߽Ҫ̫ѧˣ˻ӵ
Ƽǵ˵, ꣬Ӧý̫ѧģ߹, һѧһͬѧϰ
߹, ʲôʱģκ˶ٶЩ, רССС, Сӳץ֮⣬ⲻգⲻգģСӵ䡣
ֱʮŻذ, ڸСС֣ʮˣСˣҪҲ֪߹ľա
ϸ¾ˡ߹ش
ʣǲѧ
ǡ߹һ
ʣʲô
һѧ߹
, ŵܻܵС˻ӵ
ƵҺѧ
˻ӽӻѧ
߹ƣԸѧɾ᲻úƷֿҲ֪̫ܵС, ȷʵ̫ܽѧ, ǵǡǵܵܣѧòã
ҲͶڴĿ⡣
˼, ʱ, Ҳ˼, , ǽѧ, ʶѣѧǡ
ܴܵӦˣ
ĻͿ̫ѧžۣõȵ꣡
߹æصͷ
ƺҪɡ
ţλһĵЦǿġ
üҲˣرÿȥͲˣ
ߡ
ĸȥͲˣ΢ʩˣˮҲûʲô¶ˣũ˾Ĵߣũ˾ũ࣬Ƶǻȥɡ
˴Ӧ
ĸһϡ
Ƹǰʻ
õĲˡ
ŵܵܣôһ㡣
߹
۵ġ˻ӵܡ
ܡƿŴٶȡ
ãá˸ܵմرʣ̲סֵؿЦš
һ󹬣ȻиСӳ嵽ǰ
һͣ¡
ڴֻСţײˣҲʲô˺ǰǸҵСޣ´׼ʱͣҲ˵СޣϽ³ʮһӡ
ʮһܣô¶߹³װͰ͵ʡ
ô£ʮһҲס
Ҷף߹θ
ʮһҲ£Сȭͷͳ߹һ¡
߹İݣ˶ţСƣʮһӼϡžشһ¡
ʮһƺû뵽˻ؿ߹ȻתͷסƾͿޣ߽ң߽ҡ
޲ޡš
ʮһӸоʲôطԾֱֹͣĲ칫ǾŸ硣
۾ͱܿ칫ɿƣ˹ȥ칫߽ңء
޲ޣʮһӲޡ칫
ʮһֹס߽ۡ
칫߹߹ǲԵġ
ﲻԣ߹ʡ
칫ƹȴǲ㲻ô
߹͵Ҳȴҵģ
ҲôС
߹˵СͿ𣿡
칫ԽϸһĺӣжۣΪе
߹ƽ飬ֱ
ֻһĺӣʹҲ˵һ깫۾ҾͲҾͲж
칫ȫȻ߹ŭ߹ҲҪūֻʵʵ˵ʮһӱϾǻӡ
߹˵ȿʵ칫˼ǣӱȹ𣿡
칫˵ūû˼
˼ƴ칫˵߹ôʮһʱ͸еʣԽԽ칫߹
칫Żӣᰡūû˼
ϵñ˼ʡ
ŻĴū˼ˡ
ǺãҸƷƷ˼
˭
ɣ
ɣ

Щ۰Żӡ칫˵ŻֳֳͲˣ¡۵˵ĳ谮
ΪŻֻǸСӣ˹ʺ˶ѣûз
֪Ż˼·ϽƵŻӣū˵ū˵ǧҪŸﰡ
Ƶ
칫һоŪȥˡ
֪Ƶ̫󡣡
칫󺧣ŻӣŻӣɰ
ߡ
򳵡
칫Ҳ򳵣ʮһӾɹߡ
Ȱ̫˵¡
̫ûвʣƶ˵ô죿
ſ̫˵Ļ
̫ЦͰ˵İ졣
ƵͷԵ칫¶ģ칫飬̫סӲС
̫ɺɽй
ǡӦ
ֵ̫ˣʮһӺǸʲô
칫˻ӽӻ
ԣʮһӺǸ칫Ҳй
ǡˡ
̫§Ƶȴš
ûһɺһǰһ˿ԷһۣȻ󲻶ɫطۡ
ף˹Ȼйڡ
μ̫̫𰲡һ
Ҳ̫˵
ŵĲ
ɡ̫
ɶ
̫˵ɹе칫ײ߹
һʱð̫ڴˣҲΡ
ɵ̫ᡣ
ˣ̫ƽʡ
ʮһС·ȣ㱻Żײ
̧̧̫֡

̫ơ
ƵĸȥԺӡ
̫ͷ
ɶ֪ƵҪʲô
칫Żŵġ
ƶ˵ǰѸղŵݳ
һʣϷ
Ƶͷԡ
̴Ӧ
һ͸̫ϷҲſ˲٣ǴѧϰϷ֪ʶѧģ£ģ̫ģ¡ۣģ»ʺģȵȣͰ˻ӵģǿ
Ʊ㰲ŵ˸磬ʮһܡ
˻ӵͷ
ʣסʮһܵ˵Ļ𣿡
ס˻ӵ
СӵļǺǿģת
칫
Ƶһҡ
߹ŵһҡ
Ƶͷǿʼɡ
̫ȵע£ƺ߹򳵣ǰߣʮһӵİ˻ӳס򳵡
ͣ

ĸš
˻ģ³ʮһӵҲģ칫ʵʵػԭʱ
ʮһӿĴˡ
칫ɫһһطס
ɿڵ̫󣬲
ǽΣʮһһվ˵ĸǽΣ
ģɲ죺򳵣
ʮһӵͷš
ʣΪʲô򳵣
ÿҲ
ǡָ˲֪˵ʲôá
Ǻ度ѼʮһӸ˵ܵ˻Ӹǰ˸磬ô˵һһΣ
˻ӽƫһԣ
ʮһתܵ߹ƸǰûõӦٵػصɸǰ
˵ıݣȻ칫
칫ͷ
ʣһ߹۸ʮһӣ
תͷʣô֪ģ


114 
ڱ¾ˡе˵
ɵ˵
ף˵ǱԵ, Űˣ˵ļռ, , 
ɾס
֪Լ˵ˡ
ͬʱ, ϵ, һΪˣһˣ¾칫ż䷢칫ϲŪǷ, 䲢ѹˣ˲̲ˣ칫칫˻й˾
룬պ칫ܵ, ɽ¶칫Ϊˣ̬䵭ģûĶ̥, , ֮࣬һ˵߹ϡ
ٴμʱصĻ, Ҳǹطɺ칫
һȥ, ǵĹϵ, 칫ڶȱ, ɶĵ, ҲͲٺɽʲôˡ
ѹȥôã칫ȻȻںҶײ߹̫޷ˡ
Ҫ̫Աţȥ칫䣬ֻܿƵʵ𣿡
ɲ֪˵ʲô
ɼ㲻ǵĻˡ칫ȻܹǺôãȻǸĲ˳ʺģ˺ܶ£
ʶˡ
ŵĵͷ˵칫Ļ
ɵ⡭
ɵ⻹ʲôô׵ģ
칫ϵ˵ѻģƲ廰
˵۸ʮһܵܣ˻ӵ
ǰ˵Ļ
ԣ߹
аŪϵǣܽᡣ
һԡ
ʮһӿŸͬӣЩ׸˵ʲô度ĸǶԵģҪվһ𣬴ԣ
ʮһһۡ
ڿˣ
ʮһӿĵЦ
ĮƿĿ⣬ɡ
ɲŵؿ칫칫㡭
칫û뵽žŻӼˣĺѾʼûзֻҪϸһ飬ܲЩµ¶
ǰϴȻȥͨùϵɣԶɽ
ǡͨһ£µ˵ū澵Ĵū澵Ĵģ㿴ū澾ľط£ūһذɡ
һ
̫󾲾ؿš
˴һ¡
ʮһŵĳƸǰ
ɺǺЦһ
ɿɡ
ĵϴ̫죬Ȼè塣
ɿ칫
칫ҧɣţԺǵƣȻŪɺ߹ֻܼġ
̫Ҫ̫˼
̫Щ顣
ʣϵˡ𣿡
߹´ٷأ
ë׷ģ˻ӵҾġ
ˡĹ˻ô룿仰Ǹѧġ
ͼӴףʮһӵǺϡ
û˵ȥɴ˲ѣʶⲢһС¶תͷ̫̫󣬳칫飬ǳ檵ʧְͻȥ̫࣬
̫ӻ֡
һ񣬱ʮһߡ
㣡߽㣡˸磡Ÿ磡ʮһӺ
˭Ҳʮһӵ뿪Ȱ
ˣˡ̫һ
ǳ檵Ĵ߶̫ˡϴ
̫󵽵Ǽ֤Ͻ켤ҵĹɶ˵Ҳµ߰˰ˣ޷ǾһǶˣλȵʱڣ˿һԣ̲סѵİҲܣŻӹҾ
ǡӦ
̫Ƶ˵ҪǲУȥ
ɵǡ
̫ڰ֣ˣȥɡ
檸ˡɿһ߹
߹ĸһͻȥ
ɵͷ뿪ˡ
˿̫
ָ̫ΪǷȱĵطǹˣܶ˶ӲӣǾ취סǣռȡϷ磬֪𣿡
˵ͷ
ǸɵĻǲġ̫
Կġ
̫Ƶõľƶ
Ƶ´飬ǾԼɡ
̫ʣô
סǣȻ˵ǣ˵
̫ЦôСܴù˭
ҽѧԺ󣬻ѧ书ѾսСȭͷԴ򵹺ܶܶ໵ˣ
á̫ЦŨˣԽȰҵѧ书Լ¡
һͷ
ˣҲʱˣŰɡ
š
ڴȰţ˯̫ϷصԹȶȹ
һ磬ȥһũ˾
ʱһȺ˵칫ֶУŪǷǶС¶칫ܹ˻¸ռʮһӵĽ˵ǶˣѹˣһС˵ȵȡ
̫ˣ
ôôģ߹
ô˻ߡ
ƵͷͬԶ޼ݱĹǣǶû˵칫Ľ֣̫࣬һʱöᡣ
Ҳǰѯˣתͷ˵Ȼȥȥĸ
š˵ͷ
ͣϼǰ
뿪
ƻصϼͿһǵӡ
ĸƻ

Ʋʣĸڸʲô
ɹг¶ˡ
ʣϵ칫¶𣿡
Ѿ֪ˣ
ƵͷҸղö๬˵칫ö
˵ֹ칫ݺö
˭
ɹ˸칫һǿ׳͵ʮһӵǮݡ
û뵽¶ǵ̫ɡ
ǰɺ磬ɹкһƬڴˡ
ҲͱĸӲһ㣬ܴĹ˺Уɼĺˡ
ƶ˵ϼˡæµĹˣѹǲҲˣ
ԭĸǵ
ЦС
ô֪ûУ
Ȼƶˣǰɵ֪ס¡֮ģڻʹܴ֮Ҳݼǵļˡ
Щ˶ĸ綼ָжãЩҲֱ˵Ƕ٣Һ͸綼ɣҲǣȻ̫ϴǡ
˼صͷ˵Ҳԡ
ţ㲻ҪĹЦŰĸ
ӣ̲סСһڡ
Ц
ĸһ˵һһźƻص˯Ͱ˻Ӿˡ
ûû𣿡ʡ
СƵ
ǿȥɡ˻Ҳáˡ
᷿߳ȻԺ⴫ĽŲתͷȥ߹Ƶܽ
ڣã㡪
죡߹
˲ԡ
߹˽᷿ͷϼ˵һ䡸˭˵ȻҪġȻ项һţѵЬӣ齣ſڴ⿴
˸ȥ
һܽͦŹĹĵСӺ߽㣡
˻ӿڵʮһܡ
߹ס˻ӵ죬С
Сʣ㣬ô¶
߹üɴʮһܵܵĸǸأȻĸͺãҴʮһ棬ʮһܿɸ˿ˣ˦˦
ô죿ʡ
Ҳңͻߡ߹
˳⿴
ʮһܻˣϼ˵ʣ㿴߽𣿡
ϼ˵߹Ľҡͷ
ʮһһãȻҿܽ
ϼ˼ҡͷ
ʮһӻСԺʣϵĶ
ϼڿڣʮһӣϼ󡣡
ϼϵ˭סĵطѼʮһɻʡ
ϼ˵Ӻ;Żסġ
ŻϵҾŸѼʮһ˫۷һͦĹĵСӣî㾢غŸ磡Ÿ磡Ѽ
һ
ʮһٴϼˣŸأ


115 
ϼ֪ŻӺ߹һ, ¶ŻӾ͵ڱ¶߹һҡͷ
ҡͷʮһӲСüˣ˺ܡ˼Ǻܷˡ
ϼ˾һ¡
ʲô¶ӵڳ
ϼ񣺡ʮһ߹
߹أʡ
ϼ˳ʹ˸ɫ
᷿һ, ֪߹᷿, תͷʮһӡ
ʮһգºƵ۾, ʣϵŸĸ𣿡
ǰЦŵ
;Ÿ硢һÿ
С, Цˣлʮһӿ佱

ʮһû߹ʡ
ʮһӵ߽㲻ҾŸ硣
ҾŸˣͷʡ
ţʮһӵͷ絷⡣
ʲôأʡ
ҲΪᣬʮһӸԸ˵ˣ, ǴĶأ
϶᷿
Ϊʲôʮһأ
СӵСԼɣҲ֪
ңʮһʡ
ͷԵɰ
ԼӣԼҺӵĿɰܾñ˵ĺҲǿɰЦ, ҿ
ҪҡʮһָŴ
ͷȥɡ
ʮһСȣܣ߽㣬Ÿ磡
ãһҪҵˡ᷿
˻ʣô죿
Ǽܣ߹
Ƶ߰ɡ
˴Ӧ
ĸ˴, Ь, ߵ᷿ſڣſŷʮһѾڴ, ŵ᷿š
ʲôʱܣʡ
˻ӵڡ
һȡŴʮһӵСӰʮһ
, ܣ߹С
ĸ֮, ವس᷿
Ų, תͷĸСӰ, ͷЦ
ľ߽;Ÿ磡ʮһתͷԺӣúõؿƺͰ˻ӵıӰ˵̧СֺŸ磡Ÿ磡

Ÿ磡Ÿ磡ʮһӲܲ˵׷
ܳԺ⡣
߹⣡ʮһܷˣ
Ǽܣ˻ӵ
ͷá
߹ƾͳȰܡ
ʮһֱֱܳǰܣƵ׷ţ׷ߺ߽㣡Ÿ磡ȵѼ߽㣡Ÿ磡
߽߹קžŸǰܡ
ôһܣһô󣿡
˻ӵ֣
߹ԣ
žһ죬Ӻ󷽴
˻ͷʮһˤſڵϣĸ˲ͣתʮһӡ
ʮһˤȦһ£һ̧ͷ߽ŸǶͣˣĵĲˣС첲СһʹվҪǰʱ֪ظܵϵʹۡһ
һϽܡ
ʮһܣôˣʡ
ˤءʮһӵ
ۣ߹ʡ
ۣۡʮһֻСֵ
ҿʮһӵС֣һоС񣬽ſģûˡ
û¶ġ
ٿȡƵ
ʮһӵ˳֣߹ֱӵʮһܣ¡
ʮһӹԹ¡
һѵʮһӵĿӣߣȣʮһϥǣҲǺһƬǲûƤ
ϥûơ
ʣ𣿡
ʮһӵ
СְʮһӺϥʣ𣿡
ϵաʮһҲһɲǣѾûʲôо
Ǿϵû¶ɡƵ
˼״̾ƵľȻ
ǰЬӴϰɡ
á˴𰸡
Ȼʮһߣӵĳӣק°ڵק°ڣЬӵЬӣɸģʮһſڵϡ
ǶǻԼѵģΪԸʮһӴã۵ͷ󺹣ûдá
һԱվ֪òҪӹģʵڲ̿ԼʮһܴݲУ߹˻ӡŻӣūɡ
áˬ
ʮһҵſڵϣ¶źڰСȣ·𱻺ݺһ㡣
۵رʮһӡ
ʮһһɻص߽㣬Ÿ磬ľиҴۣ
ûС߹
Ϊ
߹ʵ˵ᴩ
ǺðɡڵʮһһҲ
˺Ȼھ
ʮһӿվߵĸʣǲ
߹
Ϊ
߹ΪǺѽ
ʮһӺƵ۾⣺ĺۣ
ġ
ҴʮһӸĸǸǰĸ͸򳵡߹ͿŸ״ǲԵģԸ㲻Ҳġ
߹ʮһӵΪǽӴʮһӲܺӣҲԸܡ
˻һͷ
ƱҲûйֹʮһӣһ꣬ôܺһСһʶȫǱ߹ܵġ
ʮһʣϵ
ã˵
ʮһӿĵٿһֱСӾҪվ
һ¡˸Ͻʮһӣʮһӵһ£Ͼʹˡ
սһֻЬӴãʮһȲվˡ
СӶһ£סʮһӡ
߽㣬Ÿ磬Բ´ιԹԵġʮһлǸˡ
߹˵صͷߣȥĸǶ
ãʮһӸ
߹ʮһܣ֡
˻ӵҲ
߹˻ӾʮһӵС֡
ʮһӿĲˣԭر˺ü¡
ҲЦ
СӾô򵥵򵥵򵥵غͺã򵥵سΪ˺ѣ״߹˻ӵ֣һȰ
̫󿴼һ棬Ҳ֣Ͼû˿ӹСƶҲЦŻӭʮһӡ
ʮһӺһô飬ر裬һЦͣ
ƵƵˤڵأûһرƤʵ
浽ҪֿʱԸ⡣
棡Ƶ
ǣһȥũ˾档
߹ʮһܣ㲻Ͳˡ
ʮһӦ
˷ֿ֮ƻصϼ󣬾ʹе֪ʺ칫һ¶˵칫¸ٹ˵⡣
ҡƵ
Ҳã⣬⣬¶
룬ʣõʲôͷ
к³ڻʺҪͨ칫һº󹬡
ţ
ȷʵǺ¶
칫ȷʵ̫ˡ
һЩϸ⣬ȻٹģڶϣʮһӾͻϼ
߹˵ʮһرˣһֱƨƵĸƵ᷿ů󡭡ֱƲеɡ
ţҪȥũ˾
һϼ⣬ŷˡ
˿Сֶʮһӡ
ʮһʣҸѼ
С¡߹͵ܵ˵ܵе㼷޷һʮһܡ
Ҳʮһӵ
һʣģ
ţɣʮһСָָ㣡
ڳԲݵĴȻͣˡ


116 
ԣ߹ն˵
ʮһʣΪ
ᶥ㣡
㣡˻ӿŵ˼дϡ
ʮһȫȻʵģϲңǰ, ľжңľжң
ƽҿпʵʮһܵܣʱͻȻ, Ǹž, üء
ԣ
ʮһӴ˴, ʣϵ𣿡
˵û
ʮһӵҲš
ԵǰƵ
ʮһӿ, ֿƵԡ
԰ȡƵ
ʮһӱģŸôһ˵Щ, һһǰŲŲǰ
ҫʱȻתͷĴǶۿҪһĽ
ŵġһȾ, ص
˼״Ц
תͷʮһӣʮһܡ
ʮһγһ㣺ϲۣ
԰˵
Ư𣿡ƯʮһӵֵǺܿ˼
ֻ֪ŵܵƯ
Ÿ磬𣿡ʮһʡ
԰ľë
ǵƵС֡
ʮһĽ, Ÿ̫度, ǲֵС֣һȥûд, Ϳٴΰڳս̬, ŵĸϽջС֡
ƻͷ𣿡
ʮһʵʵػص
𣿡

ʮһôȥũ˾أ˻ʡ
߹ʼ˼
ʮһӺȻ뵽Ÿ㣡
һ㸽ͣԣ
ԣƸϽ
һ𲻽ؿơ
գܹٽҵ, , ʵе˺ʹ
ô죿ʡ
תͷʮһֵСӡ
ʮһӺȻ־ŸҪ۽ĸоŸ, 㿴ҸѼ
뵽취ɡƵ
취
šתܽϼ
ѼŸʮһӵ
߹ʣܵҪʲôѽ
ŵܵǵš
Ǿš˻ӵ
ɡƻλƵرһֻС
ʣŵܵܣǸʲô
߹ʣʮһС𣿡
ԣƴСóݸϼĹ˵档
棿ϼʡ
СԱߣ㡣Ƶ
ǡϼ˽Сˡ
ʮһܱȥƵ
ϼ˱ʮһӱСţʮһӵһСĵĲˡ
ʮһܣϲ𣿡ʡ
ϲʮһܻˣоԼڲͬĴڣϲѼ
áתͷ㣬ϳ
˴Ӧ
ϳǳɡ
˿ĵص
ʮһӸŻغ
Сʻ
ʮһȿڣۣС
ţġ
ʮһӾۣ̾度
߹ٽ
ʮһӾ˵СӣۣٽѼ
˻ӵģ
ʮһִۣ
˻ʮһӽһ£ʮһһֱ۸ͣҲ˵ˡ
ʮһСָۣҺ
ˣ
ۣƲƮ

ۣת

ۣƲʶЦ

ۣۣǳö๬Ѽ
УСͣũ˾ſڡ
ũ˾˾ȹԱҲǸյƣϽǰճ񣺡Żӡ
Żӻʣ˾ȥĵؿͲˣ
ũ˾˾ЦŻӹȻ
Ͳô
ũ˾˾ϲƺܺãϰǻڿģҪǻĵѿѣָĵضһƬˡ
Ƶͷ
ũ˾˾˵ʲôƳԱ߶һСҼһǸֺСӣһʣŻӣǡ
ƵʮһܣҪСزôˣҾ͸Ū
šũ˾˾ȹԱǳ鴤һ¡
Ȼ
ũ˾˾ʣʲô
תͷʮһƨС
СȻѿ
ʮһӡžһˤƨɶա
ũ˾˾ȹԱһ
һ
Ҳˡ
ΪʮһҪɣ֪һµСƨƨСĲٿ˵Ÿ磬Сҡľλ
ȻǺޣ
У
ð죡
Ƶũ˾Сܽʵ°һ
ʮһˡ
ʮһӽũ˾ũߴҡ
˸档
ũߴҷǳǳз֯ԯ硢ֲ䡢ӵȵȣͼʶϡ棬ֱСʮһûмһǡ
ʮһܣҪѡ
߹ܽ
ŵС˵㡣
Ѫģ˻Ӳ䡣
˵еũ˾˾
ǡҿԿ𣿡ʮһʡ
Կ߹
ЩϵʮһСָһʡ
ũ˾˾ʱظŮѧϰ˵ԽԽҲû˲׼ȷʮһӵ
ʮһӲʣϵ
ũ˾˾ĵؿգװ棬õġ
أ
ʲôضС
Ҳĵ𣿡һʵС߹ʮһָһṹ򵥣ԴֱǼ̣ǲʺڻĵʹð
ǡũ˾˾
Ʋ죺ϵ
ǰŻӣôˣũ˾˾ʡ
û𣿡
ʲô
ܿ˿һֱעͲ˵ֲƵĺһСƬأֲũ˾˾кһͷˡ
ûйעֲߣŷߴﶼûʺϿĵĹߣҲ״κûгԿĲſô
ҲֱָϵػеĶ
ػСѾȽˣκǰͨ£һһµطġ
Уָôǳôĵ𣿡
ܰ
ʵ벻ףʣôܵģ
ũ˾˾ܵڣ缸顣
ƼֱţǶϵĵģ
ԡ
Сַ
͵Ĵκ˰
Żӣôɣũ˾˾ʡ
ϱӴũҵƵ˽⵽ͬòͬĸعߺͷʽϷˮʺKֲçһ«έȻĵ絶ԴЧʡ
¼ǵǳʲôӣһӻˣһôҶ
ũ˾˾˾
ŻӣкηԸ
һػеũߺòãũ˾˾һܺõķʽ
ũ˾˾ֵѾ˰
Ƶٻһġ
аũ˾˾ܰũҵܹϰյģϲģһԿ
ƵͷǾô˵ɡ
˵ˡ
ȰʮһܵСϡưСݸũ˾˾
ũ˾˾ӹС뵽ʮһӸղžߴһˤĳ̲סŻӣΪβñٸһ򳵣
߽ѧɣ򳵾͹ɣ˷ѾƵ
Żӵпɾ°
ˣǳȥС
ǡ
ȥƬ̣ũ˾˾㽫Сá
Ʊũ˾˾عߵ¶һʱ֪ô˵׼ȥܻͼٺũ˾˾ۡ
ũ˾һ˻ص󹬣ȻоΧղ̫ԾƽʱߴߴĹǣһɫصġ


117 
ôˣʡ
ôˣ˻ûз⡣
߹Ǻ񲻿ġ
϶ϵľгԱ, Աſɭʮһӽӻ
˿һʮһӣ˭ûӻСϼ, ȴûп
ʣĸأ
˻ش𣺡ȥʺǶˡ
ʲô¶ʡ
ū澲֪
Ҳû, һ, ˶ȥ, ʱҲˡ
ӭӣĸ
Цˡ
֣ĸȥʺǸʲô
ƽ¡
ʲô¶ʡ
Ҳǵһκ˵飬ܿС˵ƹ˵¶
ֱʣϵϵΪ칫
ͷ, 칫˽类ȱˣ㸸ֵģ칫˵ļȫ¶岻ٹˡ
ֲã
ֲýպʮء
ŵ㸸Ѿĵµˣʺǹȥ˵ƹ˵, ´˭ٳĹˣҪܷ
ʣܷɣ
ͷ·
Ҳá
һǳӵҵöעϼĹˣó¶
ĸ˵Ļ, еЦ
Ȼʲô, ˣԺ˸͵͵㲻Ҫĸ˵
Ҽæصͷ
ƵСЦЦ
Ū׽պ󹬵, 칫Ҳõͷ, Žܳһʱ󹬹˶, Ҳ뵽Լ, ĸ, ȥ鷿ɡ
ȥ鷿ʲôʡ
ҿʵȥ
ĸһ𿴡
ҪҼļƾܾ
úúãԼɡ

ʣǻأ
Ҳ
֪һŵܵܵģУһҺ˵
š
ת鷿ż⣬ذ鷿˨ϣ鰸ǰ
鰸ܸߣվڵϣվڵϣʺϻ滭ɴཫīֽӵϣȻڵϣʼĥ
һ߻ӣһ߻
֪һԼ滭֮ֱǹ뵽ȥ񴻭ФʱǽһʴȻ
Żţ˵ˣ¶壬Ҳܹƽͼˡ
ˣˣ
īֽһӣǣũ˾˾ı߰ɣƬ̣⣬īֽӻص鰸Ȼ鷿ţ˳ȥ
ƶôôˣʡ
ƵҲɣ滭鲻ÿҽ̫ѧɣд֡
ЦԿԡ
ҲͲ滭顣
ڶũ˾Ժũ˾˾ԯò˵ũ˾˾Ǻǿġ
˿˾Ѳӻһ㡣
һ㣿һ㣿ũ˾˾ʡ
⣬⣬ָͷ
ũ˾˾һʣʲôã
Ƶһѽϵϵ
Ż˵öԣְÿٹһ㡣
áƵͷβٳһ㡣
ũ˾˾׵ʣΪʲôҪһ㣿
һԴöͷۡƵ
ũ˾˾΢һ룬ее
ſũ˾˾ߣһҪһҪ
ũ˾˾ϲƣôڰյĴ¶ҲΪǸϲСӣ䷳ذƵ뷨ġ
ҲûдһԸ㶨ÿ춼ũ˾˾޸һ״ô˼ա
߹ѧӡ
óԼٺ»͸˸һķıҸ򳵣̫ѧ
̫ѧѧǿССƸСС򳵣ĸӣԱ߻һֵĺӣǾ棬ŹЦ
Ц߹
ÿζЦǣ
Ľǣ˻ӵ
ĽƯʮһӵ
˵û
Զԣǽȥ
һżǰ
߹Ѿ࣬Ӱθ߲٣żȻ̧ҲǿԹȥġ
ư˻ԾҪſżϣŷȥ
ʮһӾͲˣѧư˻ӵӣſżϣСʹ̧ԾɹżϽŸ磬ңѼ
˼״һקʮһӵĸ첲ȡ°ڣӴӴذʮһͬʱˤһƬ
ѧһƬЦ
˿⣬
߹ͽѧư˻ӺʮһǰԺܶʳٴλصż
ʳȫӵż⣬ư˻ӷż󣬿ʼʮһӡ
ʮһܣҲʹ˻ӵ
ҵʮһӵ
ʲôˣ
ҵŲ
˻ӵŵܵܣˡ
Ҳɡ˵꣬Ȼܵһɣתͷһ񴽫ʮһˣ̿ĺ磡
Żӣô̫ѧˣ񴵭Цʡ
ƵͽϿΡ
㵹æ
šƺȻ뵽Լöʳתӵ˺öණݸ磬ԡ
áƴǡ
Ѿ
˹
СƶһϤת
תͷ߹Сӡ
б˶Ǹ磬Ҿǹӣһ񴡣
ɫ
ƣôʶģ
ƴ𣺡ʶģ
˵ʵҪƵС
һߣű˵·
Ƶл硣
ͷţϾҪϿˣȥɡ
ãټƱʳܡ
˻ӺʮһӸ档
Сƶ㻹ûиʳ
ͲԣƸˡ
ʱ¥ƹ첻죬һתͷҲˣͷһСƶ©һŻǣĵؼ̫ѧߡ
˼ǰʻš
˻ӺʮһӻԾɱʳ
Ƶʳ°
Ķ˻ʡ
СƻСͣ
ʳȫŵʮһС
ʮһӿĵ˵ԺСҾͲ
λ˻ӵ
ϵѼϵѼʮһӿĵŤСӡ
鲻ظũ˾ʮһӽ˻ӣҵũ˾˾µͼͷãһ
Ķũ˾˾ʡ
㲻Ķ
ũ˾˾
ʣдģ
Уǵбµͣ
ʣҵҸʣ
û
һĲţŴκı𡢿ұҪþߣϸҪ¡۵Ҳǿ⣬ȥãȥҡ
ũ˾˾ͷ
ũ˾һصϼʱ¡ںϻͬ塣
˵Ҫ
ʲô¡۵
Ƶ
õģ
ƵͷԣҺ˾һģر
㶼ˣ¡۵
ϵС
¡۾ôĶرɰ̲סҪһǣһ򵥵¡
ƴӿڴͳһӣžһĵʯϡ
¡һ㶣ʣǸʲô
ʮһӵŻ㣡ɣ


118 Сʮһ
¡Կʮһӡ
ʮһһ⡣
¡۵Сʮһ
ʮһӻش𣺡ϵѼ, ʡ
¡ܿ˿ûɣʣô
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ϵѾƵ
ϵѼʮһֹ
İ˻ӵ˵ˣ
ţʮһ¸ϴ
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Ƶ÷ѡ
÷ѣ
Ƶϵıġ
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͡ûǽ˱ġ
¡۵ͷã޸㡣
ܻص鷿˱īֽ
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ѹϲõҲɡ
š¡۲ӦôһֻһӰǰɹȻʯϵӾûˣơ
һڶӵֻɡ
¡ۣ

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Ķ˻Ӷһʡ
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á˻ӶӦ
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˻ѣʮһܣǲĸ
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ûϵҲʮһ˵ЦȥԶɡ
ллϵÿʮһӵ
¡۸
Ц𣬿ȥԶɡ
ţ
ʮһӸư˻УΧСǰԵģȹ֭ιԼԺһȥߣߣèǧһϼ˯ȥȰˣڶһ磬һũ˾
ôõˣũ˾˾ȡ
Ƶţȥɡ
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ɣ˾Զɣʡ
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ũ˾˾ְȥ
Ѿɡ
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š
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Ƶݽ¡۵ͣŵԽ롣
ȥĲǱ⣬һר±СԺӣСԺſŸֵǹģ￴һŰӵıδ󺺣һѴ󴸣רµشͨĻҷɡ
ѼʮһʶƸǰһ
ҷɡ˻ӵΣյѼ
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ũ˾˾һ˵ߣȻ˱δ󺺣£
£ǱһƷС٣оͿ±
ԲԴģ̫ϲˣԴ򣬴ıҲôҵϲ
˾ˡ
ũ˾˾ǾŻӣ˾ˣǰ˻Ӻʮһӡ

Ƶ²ؿ
Ŀ⼯еϣȻ¡صд
Ʋ⣺£ϵʲôѾ˻Ӻʮһ˺
µŻӣְأͻһ֣ȥּģҺֳ²ܵٶȲ֣˽صˣְڴ˸лŻӾ֮
ԭ
ƸϽ²ؿϵκˣӦκˡ
Խжˡ
ƵɣǽҪκ¡
Ż뽲
ƿũ˾˾
ũ˾˾ӻͳͼݸ¡
½ӹ˿ʣʲô
Ƶ
أȻǹȱģҲ֪ũߣûмҲ֪òá
ûϵҺ˾ġƵ
ҪǾŻģһԣܲ߷Чʡũ˾˾
ʣܴ𣿡
ܣ²ȷЧʡ
ʲôũ˾˾ʡ
ȴ¶ͼֽϵĹҲ˽⣬֪
ũ˾һȦΧıȻʣ£Ҫã
¶ͼֽմγһΣ
áƺũ˾˾
µһͿʼ׼
Сũ˾˾£ǾͲˡ
˾Ļ˾Żߡµ
뿪
ũ˾˾ŻӣջҪúͱ˵һܽ
ɭϣ¡Ҫһƣǵڶͺũ˾˾ģؽ˱СԺӣһۿǽǵ
˾ŻӣǿΣʡ
ũ˾˾ͷ
ֱӹ۲ţũ˾˾Ļٸ߳Ҳģ治䡣
䣿ũ˾˾¶ס
СƵ
Ҫʡ
ָ㿴ǰߣ˳ذƿǰߣֱ̫̫߲Ѿ
ũ˾˾˼
µǳͱ򽻵ģ׹ϲŻ˵öԣְˣְٸĽһ£֪Żû뵽ĵֵز򵥵СߵĹؼ̫ˣ
ٹƵ
á±ɻ
߳
ڶ⡣
ػص޸ģ޸գƿĳƷ
±ܵ¡ۿ佱ģû޸ĵ𣿡
ƶʱУûȥԡ
Ұϡ»Ĳˣ˱򳵣ͷơ
ϵҵĳɡƵ
⡢⡭̫ɰ˰ɡ
;ŻһɰЦЦŵϡ
ˡũ˾˾
ߡ
˻صũ˾
ũ˾˾ũ˾ԱװԯϣȻʡ
ߣٴһȥԡ
ھʱ򣬾ũ˾ĹԱһֵسýˮʩʣš
Ȼû취ͻĵصӲȱȣǱѾӲӲģԱȽϳ
ֲأҲǿԷģֻҪúܴǳЧһ㣬סҪǰС
ֱͬӽӲƿʪ࣬
ũ˾˾ס
ũ˾Ա̲סô󡣡
ͷ
˻ӵöѼ
ʮһӸ⼸գҲ࣬ģͣءۡС
𣿡¡ͻȻ
ũ˾˾ȹԱ¡񣺡μ¡
ư˻ӺʮһҲ
ɣΣ¡ǿũ˾˾ݵӣ֪ãԲųչһ鲻ʣĻ𣿡
ʣʮһӼ˵ʣ̫度_һ£ƿص£ϵѼ
¡һɵʣСʮһ˵ʲô


119 
ʮһظһԼĻ
¡ۻû
ũ˾˾ǰһ, ʮһ˵ˣ̫,_һ, ƿ, ض, һУǲѽ
ʮһ˵Щɰ̺ũ˾˾۵ط, ƺͰ˻ӶЦʮһӱϿɵ˵ϵϵϵϵΡ
¡۷
ũ˾˾ʮһ˵ǣġ
¡۵޿
ũ˾˾ֳĬ
ʮһӻڼ֮еʣǿ, ŸģŸ度
¡۱ģá
ʮһ˷תܵǰ, 㿴度
¡ʣô
ʮһС, ˵ܵƸǰŸ磬度, ˵
ƿũ˾˾˾, һζԱʵ顣Աʵֱۿ
ũ˾˾ͷ, չʾء
Ҫƶ, ¡ۿӲе, ˾綼ŵ
ũ˾˾ŵ硣
¡ǰ۲
Ȼ
һЩһЩһЩȴѹֿôǿƵƿӲ
ôû뵽Ĺأ
̫ˣ
վʣʲô
ʮһǿƲ廰
֡¡̫Ѩ
ũ˾˾æر£ǽ
¡Ʒ֣Ȼʣ˭ȡģ
ʣϵȡġƾСֵ
¡۲ʣΪȡ֣
Ϊػа


¡ۿũ˾˾֤
ũ˾˾ͷûְҲ֣תһĿʶϰգȻϲػеԢ⣬ԱְþŻȡ֣ʵ̫ˡ
¡΢˼һ£Ƶôġ
ƻش𣺡ϵСġ
βСĵģ
¡۽ǰϵΪСԹһСʮһ
ȵȡ¡۴ƣʮһС
Ƶͷϵʱ߽㻹ڣС׵طʮһʮһСȻСѿɡ
¡۲׵ʣΪѿ
ƿʮһӲ˵оҪʮһӡ
¡۸ǰһֵʮһӣءվС֣֮תʣȻ󣿡
ƵȻȥһСʮһҪ˾˵ϵĵأ˵̫ɣøһػģȻͺ˾һ취绩ɡ
¡û뵽۵Ĺ£תʣĵԹûУ
Сƴ
¡¾Ǿ͵ĵԡ
Ƶã
Ҳȥ¡ʡ
ҲȥôĽѾʡ
¡۵ͷǾȥɡ
˻Ӹ˵ʣҲȥ
Ҳ֣Ҳ֣ʮһӵ
ʮһȥ¡۵
ʮһСһűС죬С촽䶯£˲䣬ҪǮƵģર
ƾ̾⡢Ǵ˵еʵݼ
˻۾
¡һ
ũ˾˾ũ˾ƹ£صֺŮˣԽܵСӵĿɰСӿ̲ס£ҪʹʮһӰɡ֮ǰ߹˹ء
ƺͰ˻ӵϰɡ
¡ʮһһ۵УϾʹϰɣ
ʮһӶʱתĵллʣ
¡۵ˣ
ʮһһᣬ߰ɡ
õһ¡˻ӽӻ
Ϊ
ñ˻ӵԶġ
ŶŶŶʮһӵͷ
¡۲ٿʮһӣ׼
ܿ׼ˡ
¡
˺ũ˾˾ȥ
ƺͰ˻ѾȥĵأܸܹȥһΣʮһǵһγһ·˷ܵ໽С
ƺ
˻Ӳ˵ˡ
ũ˾˾΢Ц
¡ʱʱʮһһۡ
˻ĵأũ˾ĹԱǱ㿪ʼʹء
¡һȷʵ֮ܵдϲع
ũ˾˾ȹԱҲ˵Ӧǡ
صк¡ŶûгԣټһȺ󳼿ʼ˵¶
ư˻ӺʮһӶܲˣϼ̻ʣԱˣĶġ
ƺͰ˻ϣ˯ˡ
ʮһȥſڴغ
ʮһӡʮһӹǰС
ʮһûˡ
վ˯ˣЦŽʮһӱ𣬷Ŵϡ
ʮһһתСѹƺͰ˻ϡ
״ϽʮһӵСƹȥ֪ʮһҪơǸ˯ʵģɴʮһӱԱϣóƺͰ˻ӡ
ʮһϹ˼£˯졣
Ц뿪
ʱʮһ֪ԼĶŸ磡˸磡ǴĶ
ƺͰ˻һӦ
Ÿ磬˸磡ʮһѸٻ´齣ܵ˴ǰμҵˮˮöˮˮ
ƺͰ˻ԣĿһʮһӵĿӣȻʪһƬϽ˽ʮһӻӡ
ƶһֱš
ʮһӴ룬ͳ黨ǸƶˣǵŸ磬˸磬Ҫ߱򴲴ม
ƶҲû߱ˣһͷ
ʮһÿտֵġ
ƺͰ˻Ӽʮһ档
ȥũ˾
ũ˾˾ϲʤصѾȷˡ
ʣ󳼶ͬɣ
ũ˾˾ͷǰһº
̫ˣ٣
һٸߣҰͼֽȥƲٴ̶Ŵ򣬵ǵ롣
ͷ
һӦûά
ũ˾˾Ļʥּ͵ˣơũ˾˾¡˻ӺʮһӶõ¡۵ʹ͡
ǶĲѡ
ƻصϼͿĿʹͣ㡣
͵࣡
Ĺ״󣡡ƽ
ЦŵͷûƶǴ󹦳ÿæĺܡ
š
ˣæм𣿡
ѽ
ǽվͲҪˡ
á
ȷʵͦæũ˾Ҳûʲô¶Ĳȥũ˾ˣÿվϼߴȰԳԺȺɵġ
ӹʮ⡣
ũ˾˾ɽˣòƣЩһһŹѯʣšԲȦٻһȦߡ
ʲôԷɽʡ
񴿴һۣ̫
ʲô˼أɽͷ
ǵ˵ˣ
ɽȻ򣺡ԭ˼㲻˵һ治
ũ˾˾ûпţϿһţֻ綮ҡ
ŻӣʶˣһԴӵĹʡ
ƹʶ˵ء
ЦЦ
ƽڶתԸо＾죬ٳԺɣŰ˻Ӻʮһȥũ˾
Ÿ磬ǲʮһʡ
ţߡƵ
δһ߽곤ǶͦΣʮ߰ӡ
ֻǺڻʹڹ¡ۺͻ⣬û¡۵׼ǲ׼˵ģƺ漫ˡ
ʮһӴʣʣϵ˭
תͷһʮһӣǳȻǰߡ
ôʮһʡ


120 򲻹
δŵ뿪
ʮһӿƵŸ, ˸磬ϵҡ
Ƶͷ
˻ӵҿ
ʮһʣϵ˭
ƻһµҲ
˻ӵҲûм
һҡͷ
ʮһӿյصӴϵ˭
Ƶǿȥʰ
˭˻Ӻʮһһʡ
ĸƵ
ǰŲ, Ų, Դ֮, ں߶, ҲᵣһЩ󹬹С¶֪Ķһ㡣
Ƕкܴɻ󣬺ʲôҪȥһʡ
˻ӶҲӦ
˵ͷϼ, ڸԺĻݽˮ
ƻĸ
ƶôôˣȡ
ƻش𣺡ȥũ˾
ΪΣ½ˮ
һʮһӵ
ʲôˣߵ˸ǰ
һҵʮһ˵
һ⡣
ƽ͵ĸϵһ꣬ʮ߰ӣ߶û, һ˽ɡ
¶ۣŶӦþǴӡ
ӣһȡ
ǰߵʯǰ¡
˸Сʯϡ
ƶҲǺ˵𣿡
Ƶͷ
ǵôѾʮ꣬ǾΨһĶ, Сֺǿ, 黭ǹ㡣
ʮһʹƣ˵, ͸ɡ
Ӯˡ
¡۴, ¿
, ¡۸ѡ˸ĽΪۡ, ƫƫҪȥƫԶ, żؾǿһɡ
һֱûмӡ
ǰϵܿչϾ͹ɣôɣ
˲ֵǱġ
ϵ𣿡оһһȵˡ
ЦҡҡͷΪ¡
绹ûгףκһʮ꣬ʮҲУʮͦٵġ
ûУԱ°ٻ׼һ׮¡
ƻȻԭˡ
ͻȻ̾Ϣһ
ƲʣĸΪ̾Ϣ
ƢãҪ㸸һˡƲףС˵ڴ֮ǰؾزˣºģֱӳúÿִܵñϲ
ϲ磿
ԡ
Ʋ¡жôϲĴӣҲ΢һѡ
˵ӣҪ֪𣿡
Ƶͷ
˻ӵ֪
ʮһʣΪѼ
Ǵ¿Цʮһӽ͡
Ѽʮһӵ
һЦҲǹء
ðȡʮһһεӡ
ʮһӵá
˼Ŵӵ¶Ҳûʲôϵˣɣ֪ϵ˭ɣǼȥũ˾
ڻȥʡ
ƵͷţҪȻ˾ָøдɣҸϳȥϳһ㡣

šתͷ˸磬ʮһܣߡ
ߡ
ϣȵţũ˾
ũ˾˾ȹԱƣĵĲˡ
ŻӺþò
һ˰ɡ
һˡ
Ӣˣ
˾ˣˣ
˾һˣ
Цԡ
˻ӽŵܵߡ
ʮһӴʺƨҾŸϵƯ
ũ˾˾ȹԱЦ
ƵͲΣ
ũ˾˾ش𣺡ͲѾðǶˣ÷ǳãвͷ̫󣬶ˡ
𣿡
ˡ
ȥ
ãŻ롣
˸ũ˾˾ȹԱһͲ˺úܲ
Ƶٹգ԰ɡ
ǰũ˾˾˵˵ձְϰռҲ԰ˡ
Ҳˣƾȡ
ũ˾˾˼˵ҪǲһڣСԺһЩһ˳Եġ
ͦաƵǹվͰǡ
ũ˾˾ʱ˵ȫκԳԵǺܱ߸ضܹ
áƵ
ũ˾˾ЦݣȻ뵽ƵżʣˣŻӣְĻǺ⣿
ƽͣϵ̫˼̫ɣҲš
ԭˣˬŻӳũ˾𣿡ũ˾˾ϰ˿ɰƵũ˾һղûš
Ѿ׼˾Щ絶֮ũء
İ̫ˣũ˾˾ΪҪѧϰͼ˹ϵԽԽãΪ¡۵Ľͣһ¸ԣˣҪϰӺùˣڷǳԸЩϡŹֵ顣
Ƶͷţæɣɣ
Żߡ
š
һ򳵡
˻ӵվͿԳ
ʮһӸظһ顣
ʮһܣԹû
ԹʮһմƵĹ⣬ڴȰԹը̫󣬴ȰҲżһΣʮһҲͳζҶľгԹ񫡣
˻ʮһСͷվܳԹ
𣿡
ѼҺ߸硢㡢߽㡢ŵܵڴȰֺöö
ööϵ٣
Ǻö࣡
ô𣿡
Ƕ࣡
ۣ度ѼҪԹ⣡
Բ⣡
ԣر󡣡
˻ӺʮһСϺ٩
ȸ򳵣ֿ˴ӣֹһ硣
˻ӺʮһԿȥ
ʮһغ磡
ɫ䵭ؿ
ʮһӵŸ磬ͣѼ˵Ҫ񡣡
ͣ³
³
ɡӵ
ʮһӰӣСӣԶԴЩܵ磬㳤øѼ
ߡ
ʮһֵ磬ѺôѼ
ӣ
磬ֺôѼ
͵˼ޣתͷߡ
ʮһӸϽ磬ô
ӿʮһӡ
ʮһӵ㶼ϵ˭أ
ӵͷʮһӵСӣ˵
˭СֽʮһܿĿ䵽ľŸϡ
˻ָȷ𰸣ʮһܣ˵֣
˵ϵңʮһʡ
ԣ˵ľ㣡˻ֿ϶
ʮһӴΪԼǡƯģû˺СֽǺСССֽʱˣ㲻Сֽ
ӵѾˡ
Ҵ㡣ʮһСơ
ʮһӺȻȤȭؿʮһӡ
ʮһӺȻо⣬˵ƺͰ˻ߣҺ;Ÿ硢˸磬һ㣬ɣ
ʮһܡС
ʮһӿơ
СҴ򲻹硣
а˸ءʮһСָŰ˻ӡ
Ƽ˼һҲ򲻹
ΪʮһӶǵû˿
ſʮһӵĶߣǰԴһӡ
ʮһ۾̾ô度
ţƵͷ
ʮһ¿ӵҾŸ˵˵˵Ǵ򲻹㣬ավ㣡
ƺͰ˻ӷ


121 
תߡ
ʮһӿĵ
ƺͰ˻һʮһ, Ŀдšǲsa
ʮһȴ
Ƶϵ¡
ʮһӲʣϵʲô
룬˵Ļ
ʮһӼᶨΪ˵ĺģ
Ʋò˵пʵϵ㡣
ʮһ룬͡ľۣ
ô֪֮ıѽ
ƶ֪ʮһǴɵ, еС˼ɡ
ߣԺҲʮһͻȻߵ˵
ã˻Ӹ͡
Ÿ, Ҳʮһֵ
Сһﻹ, Цá
ǻȥɡʮһӵ
ߡ
, Ȱˣ
ϼũ˾ʹȰܣͲˣ˵˵ũ, ߣߣèϷԳʳȵȣҲûӡ
̲סĸɣ
ȥĶʡ
ء
Ц², ߵġ
ƵŶҶûмɡ
Ӻæġ
æʲôʡ
˰žɣϻҪصǱ߹顣͵СС, ǿ, Ӳ̫á
ƵͷǸоƢá
һڻ裺˵Ҫȥˡ
Ƶͷ쵽, Ե
뺢ӿ쳤ͺ, ǺĽ, Ȼʧĸо
ĸ, ܽ, ջġ
Ŀ䵽ƵСϵ˵öԡ
һȥա
Ʊϵٹ꣬Ҳס
ƵóѾ
գ۾͵ˡ
ƺȥһͶĸԡ
ЦǶ鷳ѽ
鷳ĸһԡ
Сһջһξˡ
áƿ
ոտտյģȻģɵƵСԴСһһֱһֱů˵绹ȥȰ𣿡
ȥɣĸȥũ˾
Ƶİţ̲ס˾ˣæ
ţ԰ɡ
ϲô죿
Ƶͷţũ˾ǱҲĶء
һƿУǿǧ
Ƴѣֹء
ƶ
ţƿġ
Ʊϼţţ졣
žĵ¸ĸ¸ѾĸԪá
´´ɩ¶ɩһֱҪ¸ͬ⣬ó˹ټӣ´Ҳˡ
¸ĸԪھӹĺܺá
¸ҵҵĸֿʼֲˣԪֲˣʶѡ
ĸ˵ȶԪǡЦŵ
ѾʱӦ
ֵ𣿡
رء
á
ֺһѧˣĸһһģǳܰȻƺܿģŶ˰뷹
ڶŰ˻Ӻʮһӵũ˾ũ˾Ѿήˡ
԰ˡũ˾˾ǰ˿
Ƶͷԡ
ũ˾˾ϲõվǱְȥڡ
ڸʲô
ũ˾˾ףգũ˾ˡ
ƺȻϴũ˾ڣ¡ۺ̫ǵһʽģʣҲ𣿡
ⲻǣ̲ˣϰһ㲻򡣡
Ƶɡ
̻ûе㣬ư˻ӺʮһѾס䣬ԼԼžը꣬һһ飬һأʼ
һſŴĴڴУﲻɵóҸ
󣡡˻һŴ
ҪҴʮһӵ
ʮһܣ̫ˡ˻ӵ
ϵţʮһӵҡҡ
ʮһܰ˵㿴춼ûаǳһ˻һʮһǰ
ʮһӿ˸Ÿ綼ǳϽľӣǳһĵĲˡ
ɣ߰ɡС֣վ
ȥĶũ˾˾ʡ
˻ӺʮһҲǲؿơ
ƵȰҲкöǵûȥǡ
ũ˾ȻһƬأæʣҪҪǰ㣿
ƾܾҪģǼļԡ
ǺãŻǻȥæɣǾˡ
áƿ˻Ӷ˵ߡ
ߣ˻Ӷ˹
򳵣ȰС
˻ӵŵܵܣҲ԰ǳöɡ
Ѿƻش
ҪʮһӲ廰Ƕ
Ͱ˻ӵ
ʮһСԴ룬ȴû취ֱʣôأ
һѧҺ;ŵܾܵˡ˻ʮһӵС
ãʮһӵͷһֵŸ硣
Ӧ
ǰͳԺòã
Ĳܳԡѡ
˻ӸŲһ䣺ѿҲܳԣжģᶾġ
ʮһӵ˵ըѼ𣿡
ѾǰǺɣ⣬Ǳȵȡһ˵ܶ֡
ۣ˻Ӷһˮ
Ÿ磬㣬ҺʮһӴߴ١
ȫһȵš
˻Ӻʮһӱ㲻˵
Ƭ֮󣬰˻ָǰϾ͵Ȱ
ʮһӽһ䣺
뿪˵ȻȰ洫¡۵ıŭ˵һ飡
˵þųı֣ӵ
ӣ޽շǿ㣡¡ۺ
£ɰ
ʵۣ
Ӱϴɣ
һŮ˵
¶ˣ

˲
˻ӺʮһһûȣһСϡ
ŵܵܣôͻȻ˻ʡ
ʮһСӵҲˤȥ
Ʋܲ˵ؽϵȰſڣѸٴȰżͳȰܡ
˻ӸϽϡ
ȵѼȵѼʮһѸٵشСϻţСʮһѾ
ƺͰ˻ѾܽȰһۿ¡۴гһѵʮ˭ޣ޾Ϳ˭
̫ؿ˵
һ԰˳
Ѿιȥ
ɵ˲
Ƕ
һվš
¡ۻŴӡ
ʣԣͻȻȥһѱס¡ȡ
¡סͣڴӸǰ
Ŵİ˻ӣŵܱܵסʵȣ̻űס¡۵һȡ
ܹʮһӣ֪ʲô飬ֻŸͰ˸綼סʵȣ̺ҲҪʣҲҪʣȻȥ§ס¡۵Сȡ
¡˲䶯ˡ
̫ס
ɵȳԾؿŹ¡ϵˡ
Ǵס
ӱס
ȰʱһƬ


122 ɻ
¡۷ŭصͷɿ
ƽ¡۵ȣɣ
˻ŵĲ˵, δС
ʮһӸžŸ磬಻֣
¡۴췴𣿣
Ƶϵ췴ϵȴ磡
㡪
ףȥ, ɣ
ûˡ¡һ, еȼŵŭȻϨ, ˺Ȼѹ, ϵɢȥ
죬ѻʵеĵ̫ڿԿڡ
ǰ£ѵū澰ɡ
¡ûз
ִ֣, صʡ
̫һ
ɵǻһ
Ҳһ
Ӿؿơ
ɶ¡۵ϡ
¡۵ͷɿˡ
ʣ㲻ɣ
¡۵ûˣô
ƵУ㻹ð
޲á
棿
һԾŶɿɡ
¡۸ոţʧȥ, ڻָ侲ˣĲԸ⿳ӣɿ¡۵ȣվСӡ
¡ֿ˻ӡ
˻Ѹ, վƸǰ
¡Сȵʮһӵ
ҲѼ˻ӵ
ʮһӵǵȵҡ
˻ӵͷ㣡
ʮһӿĵܵ˻Ӻм䡣
¡ۡ
¡ӵؿһ۴ӡ
һЩãȻ
¡ת̫
̫ش
ӷ¡ǰ
̫΢ɲƿ¡ۡ
˶ûп, ֺƿ
¡ҲͲҷ̫ʵʵظ̫󳯴ߣźȻּеػ̫, ̫󡣡
¡۸Ͻ̫ҽ
ƸϽǰĸ
̫Ŷͷ
ָϽ̫, 
ĸ󡣡¡ۻ
̫۾
ĸƻ
̫֡
¡۽ȥ
̫žһ´, 
С֡
̫һסƵС, 㰲
̫ǰĸ
̫΢΢ۡ
Ƶĵʣĸ, ôɣ
ƶ£ĸЩͷΡ̫
ׯ̫ҽˣׯ̫ҽˣ˻ӵ
¡۵Ҫˣ쿴̫ˡ
ǡׯ̫ҽϽǰ
Զ·
ѸٱССӡ
ׯ̫ҽϽ£ҩŵСϣһ̫󡣡
ׯ̫ҽ̫
ǣְѰ
š̫ɿƵС֡
ׯ̫ҽҩ䣬ȡ浽̫£ָͷ̫Ƭ̣쿴̫۾̶̦ʣ̫ǷͷΣ
ЩΡ
Щƣ
š
ׯ̫ҽ˵ͷ
¡۽ʣׯ̫ҽΣ
ׯ̫ҽջǵر£̫ǸӵˣһֱоŻӿģѾ޴󰭣ģµơͷΡֽű
¡۸ϽʣǺã
ҪƽԴҲٶŭְٿЩľҩһ衣
š¡۵ͷ
Ǳְˡ
ׯ̫ҽ
йׯ̫ҽ
¡ۿڴϵ̫󣺡ĸоΣ
̫
¡֪̫ǵׯ̫ҽĻҲٶƵƶ̫󡣡
šƵͷ
ʲô¶ʱ޻㱨
Ƽͷ
¡ɨһ˵˸ߡ
˻ʮһȵվ
¡۵
˻Ӷ˿¡ۡ
ߡ¡۵
˻Ӳҷ
ʮһӵʣҲߣҺ;Ÿš
ߡ¡һ
˻ſʮһӶߣߣЩҾŵܵܡ
Ҳߡʮһӵ
˻˸취кöԡ
ʮһȤʣĶأ
»Ҵȥԡ
ʮһӵһҪЩŸԡ
š
ʮһŵͷͰ˻¡һˡ
ֺֻ̫
ڴߡ
վˮ̫󣬺ȵˮ
šַһ̫Լ
ƾȣĸ㡪
̫Цû¶ˡ
װģʡ
ûװ
׹
ǰ̫ǸոͷͣˣкöˣڴЪϢһͻָˡ
̫ɣɣһ§ס̫ĸ첲ʶ̫ʼ̫ҲỊ̇Ըղŵˡ
ˣ̫ʣ㱧㸸ʴȵʱô£
һġ
ﲻһ
ʴȣ˵ϵңϵĸ
̫һʱůĲˣֱӽƱϣ§ڻƶǻĸĺƶն㣬Ȼûˣ󹬾һˡ
Ĳ󣬵ʱ˵ô˲¡ۣƫƫСһס¡۵ȣȴӣҲ¡ۡ
ưСʣΪʲôҪ磿
̫̾Ϣһ㸸ʰС
Ʒǳͬ¡۵С
̫ʱ򣬿һ̣յǻʱҲȡڹ̩񰲣еƮˣȻײǸƢõġ
Ƶͷ
̫ŵ㸸ɺ;ǹ밲úõģͻȻ㸸ҪһȭţǾԺӱԣ֮ᵽ׵¶
ʣ粻Ըף
̫ҲûǵԸף˵㸸ʵ˼벻ԣ˵˵ţ㸸ʾͲˣҲ֪꾭ʲô˵ѡ㡢顢̵̰֮ȵȴȵ㸸ʵʹ
ʾɣ
̫ͷԾ˵˵㸸ıС֮ԣŴʹʧ㸸ʵĴ
Ǹ˵
ֵ̫ŰҿЩûʲô
ⶼûʲô
ƴ㵡
̫ǰһԱָǰ̫̫ڷǵûɱǸԱ࣬ιзհҵʢ
Ƶͷ
ɲ㸸Ҳ뵱ƫƫÿΰҶһҲˣûסҺɾȥ飬Ҳ
̫ɡ
̫ǣҲһ˼
Ǵô죿
ģ㸸ʾƢƢһʲôܲˣ濳磬һӣȻ粻¶ģǸӵ¶Ǵɡ̫
Ƶͷ
̫ǹǵġ
š
㸸ʡ
Ʋ䣺׼Ȱ
̫̽ȥ˵Ҳˣûаҵʵ۽
ǴӦ
̫ҩˡ߽
̫ûʲôҩ
ֿơ
Ƶĸһȣ˳˳õÿѾ
̫¿ҩ
Цˡ
̫´
ֵ̫һɰɡ
ʲôһ¶ûС
Ҳ˶ͦõģο̫ˣӦû̫ڴȰ߶
̫̹ˡ
ƺȻ뵽ɣϵģ
һա̫
ãա
š
ڴȰ˯ʱ󣬾ͺ̫һ𵽹˻ӺʮһҲ
ûһ¡
̫
Ȱ˻¡ۡ
¡֪ԼδףĸԸſڵš
ȵ뿪Ȱ¡ۡ
¡æʣƶ̫ô
ܺѾƵ
¡۾˻Сô֮ìܣûе棬ÿնȰſվʱдȰ˴Ʒдϴŵȵȸ̫
̫ǲ
¡ֵģ̫ӳԲӣȰȵطִȰſûйˡ
߽ȥһۿ̫ŴֲѣͷϵһֱƣһһС÷Сţ׷İ˻Ӻʮһӡ
ŵ̫ܵˡ˻ӵ
ʮһӵҶ׷ϾŸ
¡۴ڵ
̫Ҳ¡ۣһ¾ͣס
˻գ۾
ʮһʵʣϵɻ𣿡


123 һ
ޡ¡۲֪˵ʲôá
ſ̫, Сĸ˶ڰ˿, ʾ͵͵ɡ
ֲá̫󻹺¡ôġ
ôأʡ
̫Ǽ
Ƶͷ
̫Ƴ÷ߡ
¡׷źĸ󡣡
̫
ĸ, Ӻˣ

ĸ, պҩû

ĸ, ôѣ
¡˵ʲô̫ǲӦ˿÷˽Сó, С뿪÷
˻ӵҰǵô󣡡
ʮһһҵĴ󣡡
ĸǵ󣡡ָ̫е
˻ӺʮһӶʱ̫
̫ЦŰ
¡һȻΪ̫ŴֲѣҲʽһϰյȴû뵽ְ̫, Ұǵô
ֻһĸ󡣡
̫ɲ˵
ʮһӰʣĸϵӴ
¡ۻûоʲôʮһѣʱо, ޲ðʮһӶȥ, ֲɴ಻ʮһӣߣӺ̫һ
ĵµҪæ
¡۵, 
, ϵǵġʮһӽӻ
¡Żʮһӡ
ʮһȫĶ, С, ߵ¡ǰ, £ǲۡ
¡ʮһӵӰǡ
ʮһһӿɽҲӵԶԶԣϵʣҿӴ
¡ȻûʮһӵĻظоʮһӵĿɶ
˻Ĭ͵¡۵Ķ
͵֡
̫װذ
ʮһӵʣǰɣСӻƵԱ߰ǡ
¡ۼǳŤذţ뵽̫ͺǶڰţҲ䣬һһһֱ硣
ˣˡ̫
ͣһ¡ۡ
¡ģַ
Ц
˻Ӳ˵
ʮһֵʣô
¡۲ӡ
ʮһʣƨƨ۰
仰¡ˣѵ
Ŷۣ
ۡᣬ¡Ҳɹũÿ쿪Ŵ󳼵С׸Աʾκũҵӣ߹ûʵʵظôãŪᱳʹࡣ
ۣʮһѧ¡۵ơ
¡۾ûмôɶĻӡ
ˣСʮһ߶߶ˣȥš̫
ʮһӵͷ
̫ǰߡ
˻ӺʮһӸϡ
¡ʵܲסģڴȰԡ£øϹϲˣ˴Ȱճļ⵰ˣд˿ཷ⡢
԰ɡ̫
ư˻ſӼвˡ
ʮһָŹ˲ˡ
¡ۼ̫󻹱û˵š
ܿأųԺˡ
ƵĸźһߣǧŰپʮţ
ȰʳĻöӦ̫ǧǧǧǧ̫꣬Цŵúúãһߡ
˱̫һԺʳ
¡Ա߸š
һӺ˷
̫ȥ˯ɡ
˵̫˯
̫߽ů
¡۸ϡ
̫ʵϲ衣
ְ˲衣
֣Ƕȥɡ
ǡִŹ뿪
ůֻ̫¡۶ˡ
̫һڣʵۣҲ˰Ұգʲô˵ɡ
ĸǶӴˣ㲻Ҫ¡վֱӲó嶯£˴ӡ
̫ǲɱ
ǣӵĴ
̫̾Ϣһ㰡̫Ʈˣ
¡۵ͷš
̫һ£´κ游ʹκƽ㸸κι̩񰲣ļģ˿ӣͲҲȡ˽һ١
¡۲˵
̫ʣǴκΧǿлţ㲻֪𣿡
¡𣺡֪
̫ʣǰǳ̣㲻ǵ𣿡
¡ɫأӼǵáǳ̴κأǣ޹ӡ
̫ʣ̰۰𣿡
ṵ̂أնڶࡣ
ôһ˵ˣҪɱģʷ黹ڲأ㲻һֱѳ̫ڵѧϰİѧ֣
ǣĸ˵ǣСӸġ¡ۻԼӵӣҲе£Ѿȡѡ㣬˲һصĲͱ߽ʿ
̫˽¡ȻСԸ˼Ƭ̣ſʣأ
¡۵ѾĹˡ
ĵΣ̫Ȥʡ
¡ʵʵ˵⣬ʮ֮ǰǿףϣԺ
̫Ͻʣô˵
¡۶һ£û˵
û˵
͵ͷ
аɡ
ƾ¡ۺʹӵƢܹѾˣ̫õĽˡ
¡ۼ̫˵飬оԼҪһˣֿڵζƶҪȻ޻һġ
̫¶Цݡ
¡Լ˵ԵˣȻǾŶӺãʹøĴʾ佱ơ
̫ԽԽˣЦ˺ˣǸĺӣ˵ô񡣡
·Сǡ
ǵǡ̫̲סơ
¡ۼ䡣
̫ڴЦ
ĸĹϵڱ͡
ڸڵƣ˵Ļر̫¡һʱ˼ˡ
Ҳѹ¡СĻ϶ûп佱
̫¡۵Ŀ佱˯ȥ
Ժ¡ˣ̫˯
ûȥ̫󣬴Ű˻ʮһӼļǶ̫æ¡żҲŰ
ܿȫˡ
ܹǧİʮ
Ʒǳˡ
˻ӵöѼ
ʮһӶԽûиһӵ̫̫̾度̫度
̫Ц
תͷĸɸ硢硢㡢߸硢߽Ƕæɣô࣬һЩǹУɣõŷһ
̫ͷϲãСƶôֵܽãѽƶǺõܵܡ
ţĸڸȥ͡Ƶ
̫ͷ
˻ӺʮһһͷҲ͡
Ƶãһ
˴ӿ÷װԱߵС
װʮһӵС˹ƵĴڡ
Ѹװһӡ
ʮһ档
ƵҪɣġ
ѼͷʮһĿǵŸ磬ٷม
ɡҲƽˡ
ʮһӿĵؽŵ
Ƶĸȥ
ȥɡ̫۴Ȱ
С򳵣뿪Ȱ
Ż˰ָп
̫ͷҾûоûʹôù
ǰҲôá
Ʋ֪̫ǻѾ˺ԶһվҪȥӵĸǶţȻ项
ʮһ
˻ӻͷһʮһܣ͹㣡
ʮһӴ˴ʣôѼ
˻ŭҪ˰ɣ
ʮһӽ͵Ĳϵõ
ǿʶ˻ӵ
ҡǿ˼ʮһʡ
˻ʮһӳһܣ֪ôˡ
ʱͣС򳵡
˻ӵŵܵܣȥ񡣡
ʮһӵҲȥ񡣡
ȥսǰһɫѥӣһ̧ͷϿӣȻͿӾӡ
˵ܵܣʮһܡӻ
ʮһӶʱŰ˻ӵĸ첲˸磬ǿߣ
Ϊʲôߣ˻Ӳ⡣
ʮһɫ˵õģһѼ


124 
˻ӵû
ʮһϵǾͲѼ
˻ӵͷá
Ȼ, ԾûǣһȻܻȥ, С򳵡
˻ӵŵܵ, ں档
ʮһӵǲ
ƸղѾ˻Ӷ˵ĶԻ, ʮһǿ, ȻǺǴȷʵˣʮһӵ, ߡ
̧ӣǰߡ
ʮһӴˡ
Ȼȵš
ʮһӱŸ磬˵˵ˡ
ʣΪʲôҪ
ʮһӵǵ˵Ȼ׷
׷ǰɣ
ġ
Ϊʲô
ʮһŵ˵jioǳƯ

Ÿ, ˵Ѽ
ƿʮһֵӣľܾˣ

ʮһ۳ݵŸ, 度
˻ӵҾŵܾܵģ
ʮһӵ, ŵܻܵ
˻ӵͲˣ
ᱧʴȣ

˻Ӻʮһһһ˵š
רĵؼų
վԭأԶ뺰ȴ
, ǲϲС, Сر鷳, Ըոһع, , ʶ߿
֪ô飬ԭ˵׻СʮһһھζһҲּǹĸ͸Ͻˡ
պٴˣƺͰ˻˵һЩʮһ˲˵ԽǲԽߴûꡣ
κģԼպҲʲôӦ뿪
û뵽¡ͻһʱƺȻס¡۵Ĵȣ˻ӺʮһССӾ¸һǵס¡ۡ
˵һֱ¼ʵǾ䡸ȥɡ
ʱޱȣһθܵѪԵֵŨңӦ̫岻ʣص˻Ĳ¡ˣҪ˺úദ
¡ĵµϥ̸ȫ飬ϣúΪκף˵ƴͷͲˡֵܽȵȡ
֪һĺӿ㵽̶ֳȡ
ȲҪʶÿնҪȰһˣ㳯Ȱߡ
·ţͿ¶С򳵳Сϵ
Ͻǰ˻ӺʮһȴһȻһСֹ
ϸֱһǾһ
һ£˼ΣֶܲûкСӽӴһʱ䲻֪ôˡ
ȥһĸ̲סֿһۣѾѴ׵Ժ˳˳ٻſڡ
ٻ˸Ͻ
գƵ
ƶ𣿡洫
ϵѾƵ
ˣһȭϻ廨ȥִһƾЦˣƶ
գ
ллƶǸСڵˣҲǴ֦Ҷ͵ģֺϲϸĵģʱʱȥϼרſһƣʱͰƱΪʲô
ƻش𣺡Ϊɡ
Ͱһ𣿡
һҲϵѾ
ãСƶƽˡ
ƵͷţһӶ磬ɣŷǾͻɣѿĲܳӴ
úúáЦ۾ˡ
ŰɣҪɡ
ôߣЩᡣ
Ƶͷţ㡢߽㡢߸ǶæɣҪȥ͡
ô࣬ùȥͰɡ
еģϵǵ⡣
ЦţҸоƶ⣬ѧҾͺ˵
Ƶͷ
ҲͲˣû˿ֶ飬ֱЩС
˸صȰװ߹߻գŽˣ˶һ
˻ӵ
ϴʮһӵ
Żӵɡ
Ҳɣʮһʴ
ʮһӡ
ƵЪһЪɡ
˻ʮһӴӦ
˴ŴһŴ£С棬ȡʵĲݺˮԱߵϣӿڴͳĳԡ
Ÿ磬װϵģʮһʡ
⡣Ƶ
˻ӵװǹ֡
װϵʮһӵǻųѼ
ۡƺͰ˻һӦ
ΧһʳԵǽһζ
ƶһ˵
תͷһ¡ۡ
¡Сͺɵʲôأ
⡣Ƶ
˻ӵԹ֡
¡ۿʮһ
ʮһһСģ¡һֻ֣صľԹ
ư˻
¡̫ѨͻͻֱپСʮһе㺩ĲֱӣĿƺͰ˻ϣʣȥȥȰ
Ƶͷ
߰ɡ¡۵
˲˲С֣򳵡
ƵȥȰ
ǰš
¡۾̾·ˣ
ţƵͷ
ȥȰϼũ˾˻ӵ
ʮһӵŸģŸһ度
¡صͷտȥԳһ档
ȥԳʣҪȥԳ𣿡
¡۵ͷڹؼʱ̣ס޵ȣһ޻ûʹ㣬ȥʶһԣ䣬Σ
˵κÿ괺׸＾ԣǺȤ飬＾ԣԼʶܶද
̫Сˣһֱûл棬ܹȥȻˣѾѾ
ʣҲȥ˻ӵ
ʮһӸŵҲ֣
¡۵ǲܡ
ʮһףҲ
ոջ˵ʮһӺֱˣ¡ǲ֪ʮһӵǺǴˣ¶ѯʹ̫С
˵ͷ
˴Ȱ¡۰һԵ˼һ˵
̫Ȼͬ⡣
֪̫ǵΣ֮࣬Ҳ֪̫ϣɳĺܺã§̫֤ġ
̫¡۵ƶһëҶ
¡۵ĸΪʼҶŮСС;͵ԳҲһֱеĹҲģǾ񸽽ţԶġ
̫Ҳ֪ƵȺӳԺʲôҪѧֻܾƶСƶǴ񸽽¶ʣ˭ȥ
¡˵һЩӵ֣ȻһЩĻӹȥӡӡ̫Ӻ⻹й
ԡ̫ͷʣȥ𣿡
С¡ֱԵ
̫󲻷ĵʣǶȥƶô죿
ǡ
ӿ𣿡
¡۽ܲУӾһ
̫ͷ
Ʒ¡۹Ȼϲӵģʹ˿ôһᵽԺġ
¡ۿ˵պȥԣ
˻
պ𴲣룬¡۵ĳأѹѹһȺУӡӡ̫Ӻ˸ϽȥкȻʹӴк
ӻŵܵܡ
ʮһӸϽһԵҪ˵

˵ϵ
ʮһܣҪôС
ϵȲǵģߣʮһضţСֽ
ƾСֽɱȽϴ󣬵ӦУǲ
ʮһˡ
¡߹ʣ˭ƶˡ
ʣɡ
Ҫһܾ
ӣ


125 Ը
¡۲ʣΪΣ
ƵΪҪ
ֵԣؾŻӣ
˻ӵͶһƥ
ӵͷ
¡ۿʮһӡ
ʮһĿɨһȦ, ֺʹҶ̫ϤС˴ܵӦǰ̫Ӹ, , , òѼ
ʮһ̫С, Ӧ¡۲ģ¡ۣʡ
¡۵ɡ
Ӧ΢Цʮһӵá
ʮһ˲ˣŤͷӡߡһ
Ӳڵӡ
¡Сʣƶǲϲ㣿
ӵͷ
ûϵǺ׾ϲһ˺¶¡۵
һ, ӡе¡ΨҶ𣬴ῼˣػ¡۱仯ܶ࣬Ȼ˽˵Ը
¡, ʶؿƣܾǾŵܵܵãԽҪ;ŵܵദˡ
ŵܵҲûп⿿, ¡۵һ֮, ¡ۡ
Ҳֱϡ
ۣʮһӾһҺøѼ
˻ӵҲøߡ
Ƶһһֿؼ۳ҵļС
, ǻƶǡ¡ۻͷ
ӺӦһǡ
, ¡۵
һ, һ˳ȥ
ݣ¡һ, ٸȥ
ӡӡӦȵȶǼʸһɳȥ
֪ܿ, û뵽ٶô죬˲䶫ģӺӦߣǵûʲôΣգǾˡ
һӦȻŷ
Ÿ磡˸磡ҺʮһӼС
˻ӴÿѼ
Ҳ̲ס̫ɣ
Ȼ󣬵һȺ󣬱˴֮˵ݣɿĵߴҽУеԳ
ƶɤӻ𣿡Ʊ
ѾƵ
Ǿͺáͷ
ŵܵܣ˻ܹ
Ÿ磡˸磡ǴʮһС˷ܵķҵܺÿ죬Һ͵ǫ̨̂񣡡
ʲǫ̨̂񣿡û
Ƶϵ̨񡣡
ʮһæصͷϵϵϵ
Цԭˣߣȥ¡
˸¡ǰҪ¡۽Եעͽͣȷ֮¡۰˽ĵµˣһǰ壬תۼ䲻ˡ
˻ӵˡ
ʮһӵôǣ
ƵҲ
Żӣ¸׼˹ĵµ˵
Ķʡ
ĵµóСݸˣ󷽣һʮƽҵΧΧʮֻ˳ҰЦӯӯ˵ŻӣǱ¸׼Գ
Ƹоܵ衣
˻ӺʮһȤȻҰ
תͷ߸ߵ̨̨ϻмһԶĵµ˵ҪȥǶԡ
ŻӲ¸𣿡ĵµʡ
£ھȥ̨
̨¥ߣΧһȦͦȫģƹԶ
ڳˣҪ鷳ԶҲǰ
ֻ¡۽֮УҰּ䴩һȺವطżʮּңƿˡ
Ÿ磡ʮһӵ
תͷ˻Ӷˡ
˻Ӹ˵ŵܵܣһֻҰ
ʮһӵŵܵܣһֻľС
ϹʲôϵŸ硣ʮһӡ
ʮһ֪͸ģŸ磬һֻľС
׹ϵ㻹Сɡ
ţŵܵܣʲô˻ߡ
ƵڿѾ
˻ԴʲôҲ
ԶùԶ˻ӡ
˻ӰԶŵ۾ϣʱۡһһֻ÷¹Ѽ
Ӧš
Сǣ
ԡ
ŵܵܣ㶼ܿ
ܿԶģ
˻һֱþŵܵǷǳǳĴڣԾŵܵܿԿĺԶҲúͨԶԶеҿ
ϵʣƵ
һֱԱʮһӣŪԶˣµ˸磬ҿҿ
˻ӵҲſѼ
һľп
ٿһ
ȸҿ
ԶڴκǺģ̨Ҳֻһ
Ű˻Ӷ˳ƾһ˿һһʱ治ðգ˽ſ˼Σֳ
ƺȻСָǰʻɣ
˻Ӷͣս
ʴɣת̨
˻Ӷ˸ϡ
̨Ѿд󳼹˵Ⱥš
¡緢ʣǵһģ
󳼹һƨ
¡۸˵شһֻ¹ӵϡ
ĵµ˸Ͻ¹ԸߣжݣǼΪѴһУʵΪְ
ǸŸ͡
¡۴ЦС
˻ӵ
һֻɫꡣ
Χȥ
Ǻ͹ǿ佱
ƷЩǲף佱˵Ĵʻرḻ¡ۺͦģرþӺ󹬣仹ôǿʵ
ʱӵҲջػʲôӡҰҰҰҰȵȶС
һƬڵʱ¡ʣӺڣ
Ƶŷִһֱûл
¡ɫٱ䡣
ȻÿһȴһΣյĻ·߶֮Ըո¡۾͸֪ҲҪԶΣգھͲһˣӵʣȥһҡ
ҲȥӦ
ˣӻˡָǰ
¡۵˸Ͻȥ
һƥȵس߱
ƿЩѪ
ʮһӺȻԸϵԸ
¡۵˶ûףǿſŵϻ֪ʮһ˵Ǵϻ
Ӵϻ
¡۵˶ˡ
ͣǰĴϻקµأҵĵ˲Ƶġ
Ÿ磡ʮһŵĳƻꡣ
§סʮһӡ
ʮһӺȻôˣ͵͵ŤͷϵĴϻѾˣͻȻܵӸǰ磬ϵĴԸ𣡡
΢΢һû뵽ʮһԼˣֻû˵¡۾͹ļʣûУ
ûСӵ
һ佱
ããã¡۸˵صȥ¹ˣ
ǡӦ
¡ԱժõһӦӴ֮ԵģҲõ˽֮ͣܿġ
¡ҲûȥԳɻ
ƺͰ˻ӳߣ׼ȵˮʮһûиһͷʮһӰһݵʴӣ磬ôԸۣ
Ƹ
˻Ӵʮһܣ
ʮһӿ
˻ӹСָͷ
ʮһܹ
˻ʣ˵һ𣿡
ϵʮһӵ
˵
򵽴ԸѼ
˻ѾɳСأ
˵Ժ󶼲Сֽʮһתͷʣ磬Ժ󶼲Сֽϵϵ
סˣ
ʮһʣ˵ϵϵ


126 лλμ
ӿʮһ, һãȻ
ʮһ׷ʣϵϵѼ
ϵ
ϵѼ
ʲô
ΪͨһֻϻʮһܵĹϵ̶Եõ˵ܵܺ;ŵܵܵϲ
û뵽ʮһܵܵĽ, ¡۶µ, Ȼ»شǵʮһܲˡ
ֲ֪ȷʲô, żĶͷϲðϸϸܵĺ顣
ʮһšСüͷ磡
˻ӵȴš
ƿʮһӵĻ, úЦͬʱڵ磬ԺĲʮһС𣿡
Կơ
ʣ˵ϵϵ
ͬһ仰˵Ҳһζ, ܶ࣬˲׹Ҳ׹ŵܵڰ
бŷϲãЦЦȻʮһ, ţ˵ܵܣŵܵܣʮһ, Ҳ, ֮ǰӦöô䵭ʮһܣԺҲС, ǿɰʮһܡ
ʮһӵõĴ, ƨؿƺͰ˻, ʣľУ
Ƶɡ
ʮһ, ˵绹˵ͣ
ԡƵͷ
ʮһӵǺʹϵѰɡ
Ƶͷ
˸, ô˵ʮһʡ
˻ӲʮһӣתͷСȲΣٺ˵
Ϊ¡۵СУһͦС۵ģƵͷҰͷ磬ͷǣòã
˻ӵôͷ
Ƶڲǣòã
á˻ӵͷ
Ƶʮһܣ˸ҲԸʹɡ
ʮһܻͷŴӵֵ磬ߣǺ;Ÿ˸档
Цųƶߡ
Ƶ磬ȥˮ
ӵͷ
ĸ˽һˮ
ʮһӻʮֹĴϻ¶磬ôϴԸģ
ӿơ
Ʒ룺磬ôϻģ
˽͡

ӵǵ˵
˸Ŵ߳
ܿҵһƬյأӲݣһ֦ڵϻ
ʮһʣ磬
ȴ˼˻ӵϻ
ʮһӿڵġǡڡǡʲô˼
Ըʮһʡ
㿴Ѽ˻ӵ
Ʋ䣺Ȼա
ʮһӵͷš
ӿʼ˵
ţʱʱʡ
ĸ۵ĺֵܻ֪ܼû˾Уӻ𹭼һֻԶɽ˿ֽ̺á
ֻɽô죿˻ʡ
Ƶɳԡ
ʮһӵԣ
ӱɽӡ
ûһҰ¹ҰȵȶζȻζƮ˴Σһꤣ¡ۺܿͻˣһȺϯضһԿ¹⿾Ұȵȡ
ʹ˵ܺóԣѿĽƤӡ
ûɵظжԽϲܵܣʱִЩ͸ˣⳡҲǽˡ
һȺ˺ƺƵػصʹֱȰһת̫󣬲ҿ佱˴Ӵϻ֮¶
ĴӶ˼ˡ
̫ʣˣ
ƵͷţϴɣǾԭɡ
˻Ӷ˵ͷ
ӵû
̫Ц۾ӣƶܵƤҪĻ
ĸġӸϽ
˳ʣ磬㻹Ըһ棿
ӵͷ
ʣʲôʱأ
ӵ
룬ﻹһʱ䣬ʣææ
ӻǿԳʱ䣬档
ƽӻտʼ棬òã
áӴӦĸɴࡣ
ʲô𣿡
ԡ
Ƹ˵Ĳˣ磬á
̫ƵʣСƶָʲô
Ƶ˵ĸվͼ
ãĸա
磬ҪมƵ
ӵͷȴǺŵܵҪʲôڶȰԺߵĴ֪Ѿˣûˣ̫˰Ȼʣĸŵܵأ
һַſ̧Сȵ
æˣ̫ʡ
ţĸ磬߰ɡ̫֡
ȥĶ̫ʡ
ƿżȥС
̫ʹӳ˴
˻ӺʮһҲˡ
ŵܵܣ˻Ӻ
ʮһܵƸǰŸȥĶ
ȥóԵģƵ
ҲԣʮһӾǸСè
Ƶͷá
ƴŴȰС
СһСԺСԺ䲢󣬿ǸɸɾһŰ壬ϷѷĲ˵ɴԱװˮľͰѾƤ
ƶ㰲ŵģ̫ȵʡ
ţϵùôġƵ
Ǹʲô̫󲻽ʡ
Ƶʳ
ʲôʳ𣿡
ϵϵĺúóԵʳߵǰ磬ɡ
ʲôɻ
С״
ССӴûиɹ飬ȷʣ𣿡
ƵͷϵѾ
Ҳаɱֱӿԣûиɹв˳˵Ļ
ƽ͵ôжԣֻҪС
У
ԡƵͷ
ѾӦƣʲôеģΪ粻ʳԣ򰸰ǰ˵вˣ飬ܿ콫ʮг
װɴϡָӵ
Ӱ˵
ָԱߵˮͰŵˮͰ
ӽҵˮͰ
һΡ
ӻһΣˮͰˮ̻
ƿһãʼ
߬ɴʡ
дƽ͵ϵҪɴˮɣɡ
еֻܿأɴѾΪңɴҪɡ
󰡣
ܺã磬ȡ
ӾȣУ
̫һԿţȫûŪСƶҪʲôɵʣƶǸʲôѽ
˻ӺʮһҲһãȻ
˸ɵĸҲ֪εʱɾϵҵġ
̫ȵʣεģ
ţ˵óԵġƵ
̫еţ꺢ģԽˣǵӣټ
ϲõţ磬
ֻüСλλΡֱȫˮַŵһԡ
ڶӲлλμһǰһͰˮ¶ɫɳ״ŵ̫ɹһɹ
վɡ
ӽлλμúʵ۵첲ᣬǰǰһɳ״ŵ̫ɹһɹȻƳǰɳѾģ
ϲص⡢
ôˣ̫ʡ
ĸˣӵ
̫ߵǰһʱȻϽתͷʣƶô¶


127 ͷ
ôʮһʡ
˻Ӵչȥ
⵽̫ǰ۳ɣ
ۣ̫ʹһơ
Ӧԡ
̫󲻽ʣʲôõģ
԰ƽܵɸ˵, ͽۣԣƤ, ĳ, ööԵġ
ôֳԷ̫ʣ˵ôû
˵ɡƵͷ
ǿʹ˵һ˵̫
̰г
Ƶ, е, ѹһѹɸһɸոɹɵۻЩСֱʳӰҲԣǿڸв̫á
Ƶ˵ȥûһ, ͵õһưϸ廬ֵۡ
۵մУʣŻӣأ
װ˼
ʮһ𾪵ʣŸ磬ɵĻ
˻üҽŵܴܵء
Ӿܵɰ
̫󽹼ؿơ
ʣŻ, ǲҪˮ棿
ԡƵüӿˮ۲ӿˮš
ӿˮЩɡ
̫ƶ˵
һ̵Ŀˮһӿˮһÿӽ衣
̫ؿаװ׵ۣ˾Ө͸Ľ״, Ƕ治ѡ
Ƶɡ
ͣ֡
ƵټۺһС, һʼ档

ֿ̫е͸״ֵתһչԵ, 治ѡ
Ӷ, ûм, ƵԽη, ƣŻ, ô
ϵѽƵ
Ͱƽķȷʡ
Ƶͷ
㿪ʼߦţƤгһۣˮУܿΣԸһЩ
ϰԵ̳ۣһ¿ˮȻٳһⶡӣ棬һɡ
̫̫ˡ
̫ƵһֱԱΧۣѾŵζ
ưСĸ㳢һ
̫Сĸ͵
ô鷳ԺСʯϾС̫ԺܽҲ
ǡ۶˵Сʯϡ
̫Сʯǰӣ΢һ£ⶡ֭סһۣԽӨζԽŨ̲סһڡ
ˡ
˻һĭ
Ҳ볢һ
ʮһֱӡ
̫ʮһӡ
ʮһӵĸȳԡ
̫ЦЦһУ˲оδйˬžȵ֭ˮһҧ΢΢һݣ̶һɹ֭໥ڣ˼Ϊḻ˿ڸУ˳ŻθС
ܵʡ
̫ôȲʡ
ģóԣ̫ѵøôۡ
ϲʤ
̫ƶ
ƴǰȻ뵽ӵĸͰ˸Ҵȳ
ӺͰ˻˿ġ
ƶ֪񡣡̫Ц۾ȥĸ
ǡ
̫һֳۣݡ
ӿʼ
ȸܵ۵Ҫ佱ʱӺƹƹײ
̧һСſģһ۶ûгԵЦ
ƶι㡣̫
ãƷۡ
ӣι˻ӡ̫
ĸأʮһӲûԵֻӷèһ
֣ιʮһ̫
ǡӦ
̫Ӻ˵İ£ڳԵˡ
̫ûгˣЩж˻Ӻʮһһϲֻĸо
һۣһڳԹ⡣
̫ƵһδӣʵҲٳһЩ
ǡ
һо飬΢ϸһһ㣬ͷַḻһЩ̫˸װһС롣
̫˶ˡ
̫Цζ治
ӵۿԱ
ųһֵԴء
̫һʱûֵĻ
ָɹе۵̫ջ󣬿ɴ£ʱûʲô⣬ֲؼҼһгԲƱصһñİ취Աʱ֮ҪȻ㡣
̫ʣۿԣ
ֵͷɹɺۺ׷ۣū룬Ӧÿ׷һ꣬Ļһ֮ģ͢һʱڲ֣ϰҲš
û۵ԭ
̫𾪼ˡ
ҲĻκˣʣĿ𣿡
û뵽̫ʹӷӦô󣬺ȻЩȷˣŻӵŻӣ˵𣿡
СƿӦüɣ
ص̫СΪɹɺ󣬴һӦû⡣
̫ϲʤ̫ѽͲᷢѿ߻ˡ
˶˷һѽƱŵܵܣ̫ˡ
Цţ
̫תͷӣõ´βҪ䲻رƶô죿
ӺƢĸ˵ǡ
Цʣ磬첲ɣ
ӹ˷ܣۣôһѣоϰҪˣϽơ
ƵĸǳԺöˣɹٺöѾô粹ϰɡ
Ӵ㵵ʣô
Ƶټһ
̫Ǿͼɡ
Ӷʱɫǡ
̫֣Щɵ۴ȥʵ밲ʱҸһ
ǡȥװۡ
ƶ߰ɡ
á
̫뿪
˴Ȱ飺ĸѹһѹɸһɸѾ
Ϊʲôأ̫Цʡ
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˻Ӻʮһһͷ
ãǾѹһѹɸһɸ̫Ц
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һۣŪС϶ǰ˪һ㣬ɸȷʵϸֻ
Ƿĵȥԡˬѣһ̫ԺʯǰһŹ㣬һ߳ӡ
磬ʮһָǰ
һ̫һƣ
лĸߡ
ָӶ˱衣
һںꡣ
˻Ӽ״ݸһõӣһھε˵磬԰ɡ
ӽӹо˻ӵ񲻶Ծʣ˵ܵܣôˣ
˻ʣ磬۰ɣ
еۡʵǸ첲ۡ
˻ӿ϶˵Ͳˡ
ΪΣ
վŵܾܵͲͷˡ
ͷңûװ˻ӵĻ
ţɻǳͷ㡣˻ӵ
̫Ҳؿƣƶô¶
һӵջʱǡ
Ȼأ̫
Ƶ
Ҳ硣˻ӽӻŵܵ˵һ£Ȼٳͷ磬Ǿһˡ
̫Ƶǳͷ
Ƶͷ
ٿȻ׹ŵܵǸǳģǲʮһֳһɰ˵һ棬˿ûлɾŵܵܵ⡣
ԹԵؼᱳʹȳhҲԸ˰æ
ŵܵܣ
ÿһźģ
ŵܵܣѾǵǸˡ
ƵҼҾϵССͷһ¡
һţǸ㻹׼ͷң


128 
ȣе˵
ʣ飿СС, Ȼһ˵
ƳʵĲˣϵþɡ
ʣ鲻أ
Ǿʹͷ
δͷ
Ƶ㶼ǸɣдͷѾ
ӿŰװ۵ľŵܵ, úֺЦ, תۼ仯, ĺ, Ͳˡ۵ȵȣܹŪڹ֮䣬̫ˣ, ʣСͷûУ
Ƶɡ
ʣȷûгͷˣ
ȷ
ȷӲĵһ顣
ȷ˵
ͻȻһɣסСһתһ룬һСƨʲôǰ̬֮ɾͳƽˡ
ƽɣƵݸһӡ
, ƽ˻Ҳݸһӡ
ʮһӸѧϵѣ
ӵû
̫һȰؿĸЦ
Цʲôأ¡ʱˡ

ɡ¡˵꣬ת̫һ
̫Цʣʵ۴˿ôпչˣ
ĸ밲¡Ц̫ߵ
̫ʣæ𣿡
æҲҪĸ󰡡¡Ц
ϲ衣
̫֪¡ǸТ˳ģºһЦĿ, º˵
£¡һڲˮ
۵¶
ʲô
̫㽫ƺʹ۵¶˵, ¡˴Ϊȡ
̫һ֡
ֽ۶˹
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, м𣿡̫ۿ, Ҳŵġ
̫˼顣¡ۻû취ϵһ
ָƶġ
ɣκ˶Ϊµĺܹͨμɹֵģ¡۶Դ˵ɡ
Ƶͷ
̫͵ƶμһλɣɸۡ
ǶԹˣ
Թˡ̫Ƶһͷ
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ûһ˾Ͷһۡ
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ܳʱ䴢档
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һ꣡
ô߲۴һ꣬ʳΪκι˵һƶҷչĴ¶¡ۼؿƣƶ
ҪңƸϽʯϻ̫̫ĸҪң
㣿̫ʡ
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ǣӴˡ¡Цϴ
̫Ҳ֪¡ԽԽϲˣҲ˵һ䣬Żת棬ʣʵۣǲǸ֪ϰգ
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ιյĶ࣬˳Щ۳
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Ӧǡ
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أŵܵܶлˣ˻ӸϽ
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鷿׼ʼддȻԺ⴫̺磡
ŵܵܣ
߳鷿Ժſվӡ
磡˻
ӵ
СƵ
ΪΣ
棬ᱻܵġ
ù˿šӾúܼ򵥡
УңеģеĴѾƺƽ⡣
Ū
żߣŪ˻ӵ
Ƶ͹һ𣬰ѴСȥѾ
ֵһؿŴ̧ССԺӣȻ˵鷿Ϊ˾ҵģû뵽ĺṩ۵ϸ⣬ָвĵط޸θƿ
ţһѧӡ
ӵҪ޸𣿡
Ҫɡ
дˡ
һ£ٻһݸҡ
㻹Ҫһݣ
øũ˾
Ϊʲôũ˾
ϵũ˾˾Ѿں˾ƽɣƺ˵Լũ˾һˡ
ӿ۾ģСװ׵ģСģģֻСԲɰĲ񻰣ĸԸãٻһݡ
Ƶͷ
ܿشֻһݡ
űߡ
ʣˣ
ţҪȥֵɣȻʿٺ»ٿʼۡƵ
ЦŰѴԺӡ
ƸС뿪ȵĲˣ̲סҲ뱧ŵܵܣ׾ٸ߸ߣǻĸתص鷿ʼд֡
ߵũ˾۵¶ũ˾˾һ˵Ұͼ˾ũ˾ĹԱһ䣬Ű˻Ӷ˻ȥˣڶϣȰ
һд۵֣秵ģеġ
ΪΣʡ
򵥵㡣ƵϰܹĻ
˲׹»һд
̫Ҿͨ׶
Ƶɣǿʼɡ
ʣĶ
ũ˾࣬͵ũ˾
С
ƴӺ̫һµֺ͹ߣȻũ˾ǼֲͲ˵СԺˮߣʼۡ
ƴӰ˻Ӻʮһһ𵱼๤ƿ˶ܸΣѰնСԷྣ죬ũ˾ǱҲܶ࣬ɹɣѹɸϸϸķ״¡ۿ󣬼Ϊˣ˿佱һҲˮ߹ˡ
ũ˾һϲá
ӿһۡ
ʣ磬㿴ʲô
ŵܵܣũ˾һ֣ǰɣʡ
ûͦСظһֵļʽ
Һ¶
ʲô¶


129 ŵܵһ
Ӷ, ƽӵһЩ𣿡
ʣ
ӵͷ
ƲʣҪʲô
ӵ֡
̽ӻأ
ԣŵܵ, ӵ
˲, ȻھǺܱ߸Ѿֲ, ǴԶ, ֪ã⼸еظܵĸ߲أ츣صİա
κֲ, ֻũ˾жԴӾҵһ֣ʣ磬Ҫ٣
ʣʮ𣿡
Ƶʮ̫ɡ
˵ʮջǧ𣿡
Ƶͷϵ, ֵ㣬ջࡣ
ҲǡǴӾͦģҲҶҪ
ƺҸһٽ
Ӿ㵵ʣ棿
һԼȳ׷
Ц㻹仰
Ƶͷʳ˵ġ
, Ǿô˵ˡ
㺵ػĵõݵõˮõKƵ
ΪΣ
Ȼ츣ϰհʹӽղҪ¶, ҲҪʹЩģϣؿԻݼܱ߸ء
һû뵽ŵܵССͿ˴ĸ, ʱоŵܵܵ߰˳, ӿŵܵ, Ƿͬһ㡣
ϵϵ, ҺģһҲǫ顣
Ӹ;ŵܵ, Ҿȸлŵܵˡ

ӽһƸơ
ʣϵʲô
һӣԺ󳤴ˣɳء
лл硣Ҳ
ӿŰװ۵ľŵܵܣԽÿɰ̲סƵߣȥ๤
ƵҼļ߰
籧㿴㲻·𣿡
һۿӵ˼ϵ뱧Ұɡ
ʣô֪ģ
ҺÿƺƤ
ԴЦȷʵŵֳܵúÿرԣÿ
ֻ׼һมƵ
л˾ˡ
ӱһ磬ڷơ
˻һԹ
ʮһֱӵ磬㷳ܡ
ôˣ⼸պһ𣬺ʶؼסʮһӵڻ϶ˡ
ϱϱҾŸ硣
ûб㣿
ϵϱҾŸ磬ҶܡܺúúҾŸ˵ʮһƵֵŸ磬ߣȥͲ˲ˡ
ΪʮһԼû뵽ŵܵܡ
аɣǵܵܡ
ҲƽϣһȥͲˣȻֻۡ
ֹȥ죬ǽǧİٽۡ
ӵǧİٽٺöѼ
ֲϵɳԡƵ
ʲô˼
Եʱ򣬼ˮֻһѾұʱôеҲûйϵ
Ӵǲٵġ˻ӵ
Ƶͷ
ʮһʣǲ
Ƶɡ
ϵͻĸǶкööѼ
ööְƵ
ų԰˻Ӳ
ʣѾը
˻ӽӻ
Ƶ⡣
˻ֵࡣ
ƺͰ˻һ˵ܶʳʮһˮ
ԡƺͰ˻һ
ӿܵܵӣ¶ȰЦݡ
ƵߣǻشȰȸʡ
ӵ߰ɡ
Ƹذ˻Ӻʮһӡ
˸ȳٶȾ͸ϡ
ĸ˺ܿ쵽Ȱ΢ȴһ¡۹ˡ
ˣ¡ʡ
˵ͷ
ӵѾãȰ÷ˡ
ߣȥ
¡ۺһ׵ۣ佱ˣȻصĸ治׷ϸ壡
ǰóԣ̫
ţѾ۵ʳ÷ȥ˵в˼ҿˡ¡۵
̫ʣɹûУ
ɹˣ˵軭ˣһͻᡣ
ϵ续ġѣϵ续úã
¡ۺ̫һ佱ӡ
ͷϲõƵСԴǾŵܵá
¡ۺ̫ȵطִӱˣûôˣ˸ᣬζ
¡۾ôǳɳˣԽˣãҪȺǿƶۣ
̫ɻʣʵۣҪ𣿡
뼸й͵Ĵ󳼣һֽ¡Ҳעʹ󳼵
ԡ̫ͷ
׼ЩƷǼʶһЩ
á
̫Щʳ
Ƶʱ̫һʱѰųԵĵͷȥС״Ѽ䡣
Ҳڳշ츳ģˬƤˮYϺȣˮYըӵȵȡ
˺̫󰤸һ飬޲ڡ
תۼ͵һգΪس룬Ἣ¡ҲأƻΪ̫۰̫һ飬ºʹ󳼴ţƤƨ
ž˵ӵ£ƺ¡һ͵ӣûзʲô¡ۻ´Ӳãת˵ӵ¶
һ޹
ÿ͵磬Ҫϱɡ
ӹһۡ
Ƽÿ͵ɸ磬ҲҪϱɡ
ӦЦƿɰ
Ƽųŵġ
ûһ¡۾Ϳʼƨڰ䶼֪޵ľŻ񼫺ãи
һ֪¡ҪˣϽĵ£Σڳһӵģȴ֪Լôɰ
¡۵ǡþŻӽɣۣλһ
һ󸽺͡
ǽӶ˵ضۡƤˮYϺȣˮY±ִըӣ󳼴ûмЩس顣
֣ûĿڸС
̡ʡֺʹһԷǵζ٣Ȼ
һ۾Ʒͣ¡ۺƾһʺƨʲô֮ң֮ġ
ƮƮȻоԼͦġ
¡մãûʹơӡ˻ӺʮһӣϻһƬȻһ£󳼲뿪
¡۽ŴκԽԽã̫ˣԸɢϯ̫£뵽ӺܿҪȥˣǳ᲻ãŴӵļͷһϸһ㣬ĳ˵ϴҪ
ʣġӵ
¡һ㶣ǰų߲߻һ䣬վȻôɵػشϲʣģ
ӵͷģԺ᳣ؾס
̫ˣ¡
ڡ뵽ʱ¡תƻ⣬ǲԼͦůģ£ʵģס
¡۲ʣȵʮԺ󣿡
ӵͷţͻס
ô¡۴ϲ֮ǰܿܡ
ӿһԱ߿ɰƵΪҲһŵܵһĶӡ
¡ۣ
ƣ


130 Ѽ
̫󣺡
Ӳŵܴܵ, ÿɰ
¡۵ͷ
ӵԸʲõĶ
޲ģǡ¡ֹ
Ӳʣʲô
¡۴յӶ, Сǡƶ޵Ķӡ
ӵ֪Ҳû˵ƶӡ
¡, С˵һŵܵһĶӡĻ, ռޱˣ
һ, ʣû˼
֪ûм´αô˵ˡ¡ԼҲ, Ȼ̫˵СˣҲͺʹС˵߶˵߶
̵ǡ
¡ŴӣҲСʿѧѧ˵֮
ǡ˵ⷽ棬ȷʵ̫С
¡ĴӵļͷԵġ
ӿů
ƾ¡ûΪӵĻ
̫ͷƶϴαסʵ۴, ֹʵɱ֮󣬲ǻʵۻǴӶɳܶࡣ
СƶǻʼСǰ
̲סƵСԴ
תͷ۾ģĸԴɡ
ǰ̫Ц
ԴѾ
̫㰡
пѾ
ĸڿ, Ըˡ
, ϵΪңƵ
ԶԶԣΪ㡣̫Цŵ
¡ۺʹҲЦˡ
ʺ˸Ц
ͤлһƬִԲҲ, յĻʹһ, ƵֳһЩ±, ҲԻȥϢ, ڶ˯ʱ, Ҳǰ˵ҵӡ
ȥȰ밲ӡ˻ӺʮһѾڴȰʮһʣŸ磬ô
ҲѾƵ
Ѻ硣ʮһӵ
˵Ĺ˵ѵġ˻Ӳʮһӡ
ҲϵȾŸѼʮһӵ
̫һ۰˻Ӻʮһ˴ŵİ죬Ҳȥֹתʣƶ𣿡
ˡ
̫ǳȤʣõʲô
̫ߣһһʮغ̫˵Щ£˵̫üĿȻʣ磬վҪ𣿡
ԡӵͷ
ʲôʱ
ꡣ
þðء
Ժ᳣ǰ¡۵ĺܶΪһһξɣձߣû뵽һλ¡۱ˣһֱơ
Ҳر˰ﲻܿƵضһǣңھסһסҪȥֲαߡ
ȵֲɹˣٻ
Ƶðɣȸɻɡ
ɻʲô
أƵԺĹء
˻ӵҪũҷʡ
ˮˮʮһӵ
ղˮˮսƵϷʡ
վˡӾԼվˣܵܺúһġ
ԽվҪѾƵ
ӺֺЦŵܵܣǿζŹˡ
ѾСţ۾ڵķÿͲˡ
Ӹܾˣãɻ
ߣ˵
ˣ̫ʡ
ţҪɻġƵ
̫Цȥɡ
ߣ硣Ŵӡ
̸ܵСģʶ뵽ҪӣӲҲ;ŵܵһˡ
ܰѾŵܵܺӱȣҪǸ֪ˣָˡʵҲûйϵҲ֪ʲô
ܹİ֮ˣŵܵһĶľ̫ˣ֪һڵĻ棬һֱ÷Ż÷ְڷԯ硢С𡢲ӡȵȶ
Ƶǿʼɡ
˻ʮһӵá
Ƶ磬ԯõأһţţɣ硣

ְŰ˻Ӻʮһ¡
ĸأûһţҲˡ
Ӻһ˰ԯţϣʼأһתͷĹӡ
ʱЦãԶԶ¡ۣΪģӦµȣºһЦء
ûһˡ
ǰũҷʣũҷȻ˲ľңǳ
ĸæ֮󣬸һѣһó
ʮһӵ̫
˻űӡ
ƸϽء
Ӱ˻Ӹܡ
ʮһһСģˤڹ
˻ͷһʮһֻǵСڹһˤ֫죬ǶʱЦ
ʮһӷЦңϵ
ŶЦ
ʮһ֪ԼһЩƣŸ磬ңң
ŵľǰԺܡ
ֱӱǰ
˻Ӹϡ
ʮһӵûбκˡ
ĸһԡϸɾѡ
˻֪Ҫ뿪ģûٸɻŴڹи԰ժӳԡ
ʮֲŷֿ
ת㾲ɵҹȻԻػ΢ʰһϸ̧ŰʮȻģȴǵһξûʹ˵ζһ˵᲻뿪ʹ
һҹ˯Ĳ̫á
ڶ˻ɺ̫Ƕ𣬱˺󹬡
ֻվſʱ̲סͷŵܵСӣӦû˯ʱѾ˾ǣ֪ŵܵǻ᲻
үǸˡ
ӷȻԶõõá죬
̻ͷɵĳɫУһֻǾë߱Сӣĵغ磡
Ӷʱһ㶡
үǾŻǡ
Ѹٷ﷭Ÿ
ͣ¡Ƶ
ͣӸǰ
ӿˣƺͰ˻ӺоʮһС۾Ƿʣŵܵܣôôģ
˻ӵŵܵܺңҺ;ŵܵһʮһܵġ
ӿƣΪ𣿡
֪Ǹεĺô磬İչˣڼ϶ϣͱģ͹˵£˱غ𴲡
ѣȥѰ˻ӺʮһӣһʹӣΪϲˣøϣţϵ㡣
ϲá
ƴӻһͲݸӡ
ʲôʡ
˾дͲˡֲ˵ö֪ʶɣдɣҵӴ
֣ӳֽ̯һ΢⣬ɵıʴһƬƲʣʱůֿɰÿ
ţƵͷ
ллŵܵܡ
磬ǱҪúõģɣͻมʵ۵׶зأҲǿԻؾ
š
ҪԺúȺม
۵ƽĻǴɬɬůůģԽ᲻þŵܵܣͻȻƱݺݵƵСһڡ
ѽ
ֱˣ
С磬Ҿ͸һΣҳɣͲม
Цá
ɣǸ·ɡ
ӰƷŵСϡ
ʮһͻȻ̸첲
ʣʮһܣʲô
ҲңѼ


131 ˿
Цűʮһ, һڡ
ҪҲ״磡ʮһſڴϾǡ࣡һ졣
û뵽ʮһӿôģ϶ʱʪʪģһ, ˮ
˻ӵ, ʮһܵĿˮ
ӿʮһӣʮһ, ⡪
ʮһСϵˮˮѼ
ʵ
ӶʱЦ, ˮͿˮɣؿʱͷ϶ˮҲͲʮһˮˡ
ʮһӷ, ȥ˻ӡ
˻ӸϽ磬ҲҪס
ΪΣʡ
Ѿˡ˻ѾһЩӵ뷨ˡ
ЦЦãǴ籧һ£𣿡
ֵܱһûʲô, ˻ӵͷ
ӱ˻ӣ˻ӵСҲѰ˻ӷŵСȻܵ, ǻȥ, Ҫˡ
Ƶ磬ǿѾ
˻Ӷ˵ͷ
ӿһȺˣһ, ܵܵİȫû, , , ʱ, Ǵ
ţ˵ͷ
ĿƿѸȻͷ׼
˻С֡
һ뿪ţתͲˡ
ʮһЩѹ˵
Ƶ׾ͻɡ
Ǵ˻ӵ
ʮһӸողųֵѹವһʧӰ٣ϽʣѼ
ף״ɣǲܼƵ
ðɡʮһҲ׷ˡ
˻ӵŵܵܣǻȥɡ
Ƶͷһ۴뿪ķȻδʱ䲢¡۶гɳͦõģºټɣǻȥ
صת
Ƶɣߡ
ʼǰߡ
ʱŵģȥʱƾôƵţ߷ǰףϼ˿һߣһпǳãȻͨһתͷһʮһˤڵϡ
ʮһӡ˺
ʮһܡƸϽͣ³
˻̽
ʮһٵ۾ʣô
ˣ
ƺͰ˻ӣ
ˤգʮһʡ
۲ۣʡ
ƨƨеۡʮһվСƨƨ
ŶǾˤ˸ƨɶգҲ֪ôˤģһв鷢ʮһ϶кԣСֻܰҪˤͷû¶ʣʮһܣ𣿡
ѼʮһС
һȥˣ̫ҽ
Ϊ
ˤѾ
ʮһһɻʣôˤģ
Ƶ϶ϵ˯ɡ
ҡʮһҪ⣬ȻԼոպǺǵҾϵ˯
ţһȥ̫ҽù˵ġ
áʮһӵͷ
ڵйˣ˵ĻˣпŻӹֲ˰СС¶Ͱ˶ˣмĲˡ
Ʋ֪ЩϽ򳵣ȻоҼͬʱأһ˻ӺʮһӶſ˯ˡ
ҲƲ۵ķ
ССֿס˯⣬Ű˻Ӷ˯ˡ
һֱ˯ϼ󣬷ֹǶڻǡ
³˰Ѱ˻Ӻʮһͻȥ˯ص᷿˯ʱѾʱ
ţȥ̫˰ݳװ
͵Էȥ̫ѧˣɽĻ죬ֻصϼ󣬿ڵѣװĸڵѸʲôѾ
硣
ʣҪᵽɣ
ǰʹˣסں󹬾Ͳˡ
ʲôʱ᣿
ߵѱߵհᡣ
Ұ硣
õѽЦ˾Ϳ԰ᣬġ
õţдģƵ
飬Ҳ˳Уᡣ
Ƶͷ
ʱƾ˵ҡ
ô᣿
ԡƵͷ
СӦ
һһճƷ
ĵصٴһűӣѡ
ĸܽҪĻʱù˻ȡһԴôࡣ
ʣһҹأ
Ҳûн£ҶѾסܾˣǶȫһʱˣԵǶѰ
ϵϵƸ͡
ðɡޣ̲סֽӺƽദҪͻ֮Ļ
ֽţĸ֪ġ
ϵõۣɣϵõѣɸ˺ãĸȥѧɣɵҶϵءƷ
ȻͲˣҪ
ÿն
ҲÿյġÿնҲͦģЦĸС
ͷ
ĸһţŸúã¡ˣһص᷿
Ʒͼ飬д֡
ֵ˯һŴߴ˵һѻڶƸųȥ̫ʱ϶˰˻Ӻʮһӡ
Ƶ˸磬ʮһܵܣһǲС
Ϊʮһʡ
ƽ͵һСҪᶫ

ƵҸѡ顢ͺöණ
ʮһӿСװöҾͲ
ԡƵͷ
ʮһӿԶʣôȥأ
Ƶš
ʮһʣǡ߲أ
߲ͱȥ˻ӵ
ʮһӵҪ֣
㻹Ҫϸأ˻ӹ٩ʮһӿڳݲ塣
಻Ҫϸ
ƻ˻ݰͰ͵ģΪè㵽ǽǿ޿ģȴԺ˰ˡ
Ҳ˻Ӷˣصϼù˰һЩŵСϡ
򳵳ߡ
˻Ӻʮһںš
ܿ쵽˻ĴԺӡ
Ŀǰֻжס˻ǣھǵһԺ᷿ס
ͶǴкǶȥϿˣͰ˻ʮһӹһ𽫶᷿㡣
ܵǡ
磬ģǼᡣƵ
ܵܣעⰲȫ
Ҽ
ƼСᶫ
˻һֱš
ʮһӵСѾֲԸϼţɴſ˱ϣù˱ߡ
һʱڰˡ
鷿ˮ
㽫һ飬ŵϡ
öѼʮһӸ̾
˻ӽӻ̫ѧˣҲô飬ҪҪġ
Ҳ̫ѧʮһӹϵ
˻תͷʮһʣ㲻̫ѧҪ
ʮһӦ˵һֱѼ
˻ӵٹ꣬ͳˣý̫ѧˡ
ʮһӻصٹ꣬Ҳ󣬾һֱѼ
˻ӣȻġ
Ȼʮһܵ뷨ڲͬЦ־⻰ʮһ
˻ӵɣҺ;ŵܾܵͽ̫ѧˡ
ʮһСһŸҪ̫ѧ
˻ӵͷ
ƽӻû
ʮһӻСֵŸ磬Ҫ̫ѧ
ΪΣƲʡ
ʮһšü̫ѧ춼磬˿˿ࡣ
Ƶɣý̫ѧġ
ʮһӼ˵Զ꣬Զϵ꣬
ƣɵӡ
˻Ӳ廰ǲɵһֱġ
ʮһӼᶨ˵ϵ䣡
˻Ӳˣ㲻Ǳ䣬Ǿͽ̫ѧ
ʮһƣŸ磬Ҳ
Ƶͷ
ʮһӴ˴ȻǶ̫ѧô죿ľ˺
ЦѾ
˭
΢һ£ʮӰ
ҲҪʮһܾ̾
ΪΣ˻Ӳʡ


132 ˭Ե
ʮ粻棡ʮһӵ
˻ʡ
, 棬Ҳ棡ʮһдžܾ
˻Ӻʣﲻ棿
ﶼ棡ʮһӵ
ڹϼʮӣðװ׾, ɸǰ, ܹɵ, оǸܺõС, ʮܵͦԵѾ
ʮһӷǳ˵㲻
˻ӽӻ˽˵˵
ҡҡʮһСţдʻѷʲôҲ˵˵, ϵ棬಻档
ֻԼˡ˻ӵ
ʮһӲƷֿҲҪҾŸ档
˻ӵǶѧˣôң
ҵ̫ѧѼ
̫ѧżߣȥ
ʮһϴξûȥ , ù˱ҽȥȻҾŸ磡
˻Żŵİ
ʮһӲһףϵӣǲҴң
˻ֱӵǸңûиʺ̫˵ǿ԰ѻӴȥ
ʮһ˵Ҹʡ
ʲ
, ޴
˻Ӳʮһˡ
ʮһܵƸǰ, һ§סƵһҪƵӡ
˻ذʮһһۡ
ƿЦõʮһܣҡ
ʮһ§Ľģͱ
Ƶ㱧, а취ɻ, ɿ
ɿͽ̫ѧɡ
ڲƵ
ġ
ƵҪٶԺɡ
ٶ죿
ԡ
һ, ʮһĺ˵, Ǻܶܶ, һ¾þŸ̫ѧңңڣҲͷſơ
͵͵Цһ£һҲʮһӲеǰ취ʮһӽ̫ѧżȸɻǺŰ˻Ӻʮһһ顣
æһգڰסá
Ƶǻȥţ˸磬ʮһܣһϼѾ
˻Ӷ˵ͷ
ת㣺磬С㡣
Цŵͷá
ĸһ򳵣ܿ쵽ϼ
֪ĸ˻һţѱ÷ˡ
ϴ֣һţʳ֮󣬰˻Ӻʮһ뿪һ˵ЩҳɫʱҪػ
һͨ
ĸõģڷöĺܺá
ͷ
Ƶ磬һ᳣ȥӴ
һԿףʱȥ
Ƶͷ
ϼ
Щ˸С
Ʊè档
ˡ
ƶ˯᷿Ȼе¶׸磬ڻԶ׸糣ҲԳȥʱûʲôˣûһ˯ˡ
ڶȥȰ̫һţȻһ𵽹أƸҵʱֽ̫ؽˮ
ĸãƵغˮȱɡ
̫Цʣڿֲ˰ɣ
Ƶͷţִײ˺Ͱܲ
ϵ𣿡ʮһ˹
˻ӸŹ
һ̫
ɡ̫
ʮһʣŸ磬
ְϵڹɡ
Ϊ
ΪͬһƬֲѧΣΣպṹΣήĲʹ̶˲Ӱ졣
ʵֲũҲķա
κȻЩΣƾֲ飬ʵеֲһСִ󶹣һգֱũ
ԸʵأԶžһЩ棬Բƶ˵ũ˾˾·ֲʱ򣬾⽻ϰҪԡ
ͼƻڹֵũԺٿûһ
Щʮһӵ˿϶룬ڹػ᲻ˡ
ʮһӴһ£Ĵкܶණ˻ģŹػ᲻ˣȻʣΪˣ
Ƶ밡ÿ춼ģĶܷѾԲԣ
ţʮһӵͷ絷⣬Ȼֵĵʣطô
Ƶ᲻
ʮһȤŨŨʣȻ֣
ȻҲãͲɣ档
ʮһӲ
Ƶԣڹִײ˴ܲȹɣԳܴɣ˵ϵϵ
ʮһӼᶨϵ
˻Ҳе
̫һһ㶣漴־ôһЦ
Ƶֲ˲˰ɡ
ʮһӵã
˻ҲС
زСƵ죬ȻһСƬأȡΪ˲˵ءʼ
̫ŹغͲ˲˵أЦõ˵ҵĺԺǰǸ󻨣ھһ԰ˡ
ֵ̫󣬻ȡˣҲȡˣֲֻˣֻҪ̫ˣһġ
̫ü۵ûǸ˵ģҲġ
Ҳ̫ϲá
ɣһֽˡ
˻Ӻʮһһ
ԡһ£ЪϢЪϢɡ̫
ƲûЪϢܵũ˾棬ũ˾˾ѾһƬתһͲˡ
ũ˾Ͳ˳òҪˣʣ˾ĵͲ˳Σ
ũ˾˾ЦŵŻӣͲ˵Ѿܽлĵˡ
תͷʣΪΣ
Ͳ˸Ѿˡ
棿ƾϲ֪Ͳ˿Ըμأû뵽κͲ˵ƷǿѾЧ
ְ
̫ˣԺ˵ֱũ
ûũ˾˾ϲɫϰտͲ˳ôãĵرÿն˴ȥģ׼һͲˡ
겻ý˰ְײءƵ
ũ˾˾ͷ
ԣܿҾԳϺܶɡ
ǣ˾ŻӰ
ϵҡ
ԺŻʲô뷨ʱְְ߱һϹѡĵͲˡ絶飬ũ˾˾ѰݷھŻӵũҵ츳ϡ
ѾƵܶණҪȻͳ˴еܰԼˣϵ뷨
ҪҪŻӵĳɳҪ
ţɡ
Żߡũ˾˾͵ſڡ
ƸŴȰ˻ӺʮһӶûйѵУĵװʳ
򳵣ȵЩģȻԷΪȥ̫ѧˣû뵽鷿
ſ鷿ſϣ濴
дֵ񴣬ƳһźСԴʣſ˭
ˣƲŵϵѾ
˭±ʡ
ϵСƶѾ
Ц
ʳн磬Եġ
ӹĵģŵ鰸ϡ
ϵ磬дְ
šӦ
дÿץһĳԡ
ʣʶˣ
ʶѾҾϵֺÿ
̫ѧˣҲдĺܺÿ
ҽ̫ѧɣҳɡӦص
ؿƣ飿
һɣ飬ҳ
񴿴Ʋ˵
ʣôɣ
ǸҳԵ𣿡񴿴ӹĹĵġ


133 
Ƶϵ
ȷ񴴹ӡ
Ƹſȥ, ȵط̵Ѿ˴̣ﻹץһ÷⡣
ȷʵе㲻ˡ
һ÷͵ߣԡ
Ҳƽ, ҧһ÷⡣
ʣó𣿡
ͷԡ
֪񴲻ϲ̫, ⽻ٷ, ϵġ
ȴڸ, ͷš
ԡƽ÷ǰ͡
ӹһ÷Թ⡣
Ƶ磬ҵĵģѧ, ɰҳ顣
һЦ
ֶŲˮӣŻӣȵˮ
ʣµ𣿡
ǡ
ͷ
ƽӹ꣬Ա㣬˯, 磬˯
ʣΪʲôȥ˯
ȥͻῴʮһܣóģҾ˯ɡ
˯ɡ
Ь, 鷿, ӸϣŵҶ㣬ее
۾, ˯
ʱ, ûд, ڿ, Ƶһ, ÿëܳÿѽ
ӡֵ
ƺһ鷿ſڡ
÷ֵ
ѾƵ
񴿴һƵˣ
Ҹոѡ
ߣ÷
ţ磬ҴЬЬѾƻСŽŵ
ҲǵһչƣظƴЬӣһ÷
ɽ֪ڣ⿾ϲԵ⴮
ƳԵıģɢɢȻֻص鷿
ȥʡ
ңưСʡ
æҲ˼
ƱҪúϢϢٻȥ
ҪҪһ𣿡
Ҫ㿴ɡκΪѧϰǺܿ̿ѧϰƲ̫ࡣ
á顣
齡
һۣСһҲһ鿴ģֿɰûһ˯ˣǰƸ˸Ǳӣ顣
˯һˣȻ鷭⣬鷿Ƶ磬һ綼⣬Ÿ򳵻صϼ󡢵ڶ˻Ӻʮһعѯʡ
ŵܵܣĶȥˣ˻ʡ
ʮһӸż˵ŵܵܡ
ʮһܣǽҾŸ磡ѡ
ʮһӸĿڵŸ磬Ƕľҵ㡣
ȥǶɡƵ
ʮһʣĸѣ
Ƶ㲻ʶ
ΪҲʶʮһӾһѦ̵ĺ棬ʵʱ򻰶Ĳˡ
ƵΪСѾ
ҲǸɣʮһӺʧðȡ
˻ʣǾŵܵܽȥĶ
ȥƵ
ȥĶ棿
ںС
˻ӺʮһӶϲСй䣬Ӧˡ
ߣҴȥСװЩʵݣˮصһԣ߰ɡ
Ҳûз
˻ӺʮһС
Ƹϳ˳߹
ġ㡹һ
˱㿪ʼͺ󹬵ﾰɽľӰСȵȵģŹž͹˺ԶҲ˺ܳʱ䣬Щˡ
ǴӻͳһЩ㣬СϳԵ㣬ȹˮˮƵӦöɡ
ʮһӻҴָιݲݡ
˻ӵһ𰡡
һС۵óŵǰ
ʮһӵ԰ȡ
ͷͳԣĳԲ
ʮһӵԡ
˻ӵøιˮ
ҴáʮһرܵС棬Сӣ£ʵˮˮأ
Ʋ˵
˻ʣˮˮһֱѼ
ʮһӵľС
һңһҾҵˡ
ľа㿴ʮһָӵ
˻ߵС棬һûУŵܵܣˮأ
ʮһӵɣϵľˮˮ
ƵѾд
ȥãʮһӵ
ֹУھͺÿʵġ
˻ӽӻԣùðɡ
ร·̫ԶߵڲˮͿϴʮһԼСԶ
˻ʣô죿
ָǰĺ˳԰ȥǶˮ
ϵĶѼʶֵʮһʡ
˻һҪѧģҲʶ֣ϡ˳԰
˳԰ϵʮסĵط𣿡ʮһӵ
ԡƵ
ȥˮ˻ӵ
Ҳ֡ʮһӾܾ
ҲǿŰɣ˸ǴŴߡ
˻ӵͷ
ֱӽϵֻһߣȥ˳԰ˮ
˻Ӹš
ʮһӿŸͰ˸ˣҲܲʲôʮģϽСȣţŸ磬˸磬ȵңҲ֡
һֻ˳԰ſڣյĴ쳣ɾ
š
˭һŮ˵
ϵңŻӡԱݡ
˻ӵǰ˻ӡ
ʮһҲű
֨ѽһԺŴ򿪡
һƯŮ˳ǰ

ɺ˵ƽģԻ
Ƶˮȵġ
˻ӵ򡣡
ɿһߵĴǾģëҲװ׵ģܸɾ
һƹӰ߽Ȼ󾪵ˣ͡ûмôɾСԺһ쵽ǰʯ·棬ҲһԱ߻ĹҲǸɾ࣬޼ݡ
øɾѽ˻Ӹп
ϵѼʮһӵ
Ƶͷ
Żӣιʲôˮʡ
ˮСƵ
΢Ц˵ãھ˴򡣡
òлɡ
Ƚɡ
ôţͰ˻Ӷ˸Ž
β輸ĸɾļ⡣
Եһ¡ɵһˮˡ
ܻһʣôʮܵܰ
᷿ءЦ
ȥιΪʮӡ
ô˼˺ˡ˵Ļᣬɾ˺ʮӡ
ûһʮӾ͹
ԶԶؿʮӣʱ;ðװ׾ģڿˣʮӵٳúÿò˵¡ǸĺӶͦÿʮӵСţӡ
˸磬Ÿʮһܵܡɵ
ʮеǽһ˶
˻
˵˵
ʮС죬û˵
ɵʮӲ˵Ǳ⡣
Ƶйϵġúÿ˵Ҳûϵ
ŻǸؿġЦ
л佱Ƶ
ɻ˵ʮˣһ棬һ
˵ͷ
ʮ峺ˡ
Ҳʮӡ
ͻȻʮĿⶨʮһϣÿСüͷ΢
ʮһСһϽסƣŸ硣
ôɣƵ
ʮ÷ġʮһӵ
ʮߵʮһӸǰͻȻ֣ʮһӲϹŵĽƣ۵ģᣬ


134 
ʮһӲϵĽƴֱعš
ʮӵСüͷչ
Щ㵡
˻Ӳ֪ʮʲô
ʮһӱƵĸ첲Ÿ, 㿴㿴
Ƶʲô
ʮһӲʮ
ʣ
ţקѡơ壬ܡ
Ϊʲôأ˻Сʡ
ʮһӿߵ, ĸǻ˵ʮϵ, ҷ
˻Ӳؿơ
´ʮ, ѡΡҼȵȶǸɸɾһ˿, Ϻ˳԰Ĺ࣬ȷɺʮӶЩǿ֢
ƽʱûбֳʮӼʮһӾͻʮһӵѡƺõɵĿ佱, ȴʮһӡʮ粻棬ܡۡ
룬Ŀʮתʮһӣʮһܣ, ÿ
Сûнܴ˵֮ǰӵԣʮһҲǣһŸÿ, ŵĻ˲ʧ, Сƣʣÿ𣿡
šƵͷ
ʮһӵǾͰ
Ƶͷ
ʮһӿĵصͷơ
תʮӣʮܵܣ۹á
ʮ˸һ, ǵһεõͬ亢ӵͬ
ת˻ʣ˸, ˵ϵϵ
ǰǰ˻ӵ
ʮӽСͺܶࡣ
΢Ц
, ŵܵܡ˻ӵǵιˮˡ
Ѽʮһγһ㳯ߡ
˻Ӹߡ
ƿʮӵʮܵ, һˮ
ʮӲ˵
Ƶܸɾܺÿġ
ʮӻǲ˵
ûǿ, ֱ߳ȥԺ˶һǳǳɾľ裬ʢǳǳɾˮطŵǰ
ͷ
ʮһӺ
˻ӵˡ
ƵͷƳʮӹˡ
ʮӱԶûʲôȤģܾģ˸߸˵ܳȥι㣬ĺģ̲ס߳һͷëĴ㡣
ĸɸɾģغˮܿɰӡ
֪ߵƸǰ
ɾɣʡ
ʮû˵ǵͷ
дƽܡ
ʮӶŴ
رҺͰ˸ʮһܡ
㡣ʮһӲ廰
˻ӵʮһܣ
ʮһӲ
ƿһ۴ãȺɡ
˽ˮߡ
ʮһӵ߰ɡ
ϾҪˣðɡ߹պñ˵Ͳ˳ò˸ʳһ԰ɡ
ʮһҪܾƵѾ
˻Ӹŵá
ʮһӾܾҲҪ
˻ӵȥȡ
ʮһӣ
ʮһӣһŰɡ
ʮһһʮӣȻʮƣŸÿˣǲϲʮĴ᲻ú;Ÿ˸ֿΪѵ˵ðɡ
Цˣߣǽš
Ƶһ£ȰѴȥôԺΣʮӺץġ
Ҫǵĸ˵һɵ
˵ͷ
˽ȥ
˸֪ɣں˳԰֮¡
˱㿪ʼϴ֣ʮΧڷǰ
ɵŰɡ
ư˻ѾÿӣҲ˹ĺÿ
ʮһӱԸǲСڣССҨСһע⣬һϡ
̷ӣСץֱСֹ߶ţСʮһ˷ʳӴ
ƺͰ˻ϰΪ
ʮܲסСҪųˡ
ɸϽûϵģӶ˺ܶ飬ܸɾ
һϣʮһСڽŽС
ʮ˶ˡ
ֵǸɾģɾġ
ʮһӽӻѼϵɾġ
ɵͷ
ʮӽתȥٿʮһӡ
ɸʮһӼвˣСţûйϵģǸɾģµģҲһ㰡
ʮӵͷ׷
Ʋɫع۲š
˻ӴչСʣŵܵܣʮܵôˣ
Ƶ̫ɾɡɻɾӦҲʶֽ񱲻ãԲϣʮһЩûʲôЧ
˻ʣʮܵܿණ
Ƶͷš
ûණ
Ĭؿһʮһӡ
˻ӸſȥСͺʮһӡ
Ƶʵʮһͦõġ
ţ˻ȴǣʮһеࡣ
Ҳš
˻ӵͷ
ܿأúˣ˳Եıģʮȴõĺ١
ʮӶЩŰ˻ӺʮһӸϽ뿪ڶϣڴϺĸĸ
ôˣ߽᷿
ĸҴѣƣ壬òã
ΪΣʡ
ÿ
Сʲôʲôܶʱ򶼲ҪɵģҲȥԸƴ
վھǰꡣ
ƶÿԵ˵
ȴתʣĸ𣿡

ʣأ
شŵҲġ
ãɡ
ȥĶʡ
ƵѾ
һֱںﵽˣѾϰˣ
Ŷ
һϼ󣬾Ϳ˰˻Ӻʮһӡ
˻Ӵ룬ʮһӾ͡͡ɡ
Ÿ磬ҪĶʮһʡ
ȥ˳԰Ƶ
ּʮѼʮһһ
ϵǳʳȥлѾ
ʮһӾþŸ˵ĺеûпܣС
һ˳԰ſڡ
˳ùѡ
˻Ҳ
ʮһգɻ۾ʣǸأ
Ƶ£ߡ
˻ӿʮһһۣû˵
Ž˳԰
ɿ˹ЦˣŻӣˡ
ʮܵأʡ
̶Թ˵ʮӣŻˡ
ȥʮӡ
ʮӺ᷿ܿʶشƺͰ˻ӵĴů˺ܶ࣬ǿʮһӣһ롣
ʮܵܣƵݸʮһСӡ
ʮӾȼˡ
ţл񡣡Ƶ
ɼ״ϲãæллŸ簡
ʮӿСӸɸɾģֽӹ򿪺иǣһűֱԳƵĹͼӳһ龫µСľͷ
ùĹģͣһСӶϲرʮϲͶԳƵġ
Ȼʮ۾һ¡
ϲ𣿡ʡ
ϲʮģлŸ硣
ɡƵ
ŻȥĶʡ
ȥĸǶ˲ˡƵ
ɷʮӣһֱӵëܺӹӴ
Ҳż
˵ŻӺܺãֹһεҪӺ;Żһ棬ҿŻӣ̫˲ˡ
ھŻӳˣһҲܾŻӵӣŴŵѯʡ
Կʮӡ
ʮӻǰģ˿С
ƱҲʮģȻͷԡ
ɴϲ
ʮ졣
Ƶ߰ɡ
ʮĺӽɣƳ˺˳԰
һֱڿʮһӣʮСȻʣʮôڽ

˻Ӹ
Цһ£źĻʮһӡ
ʮһʮӣʮ磬Ҫһ棿
ʮӵͷ
ʮһֱӵҲ档
Ǻɲûв֣źν
ʮӹСϣ˵
ư˻ӲӰϳ
ʮһӻվ棬˻ӵϳˡ
ʮһſϳƸǰʮԶԶġ
һЦˡ
Ƶߡ

Ƶ˺ɻټ
ָжڴ
ʮӵһ򳵣ɸɾʻʱشӶ߷鲻ɵȸԾо;Ÿһ棬á
Ʋ֪ʮôõĸܣ򳵵Ȱ֪̫ȥˣҲûнůתͷ˻˵Ǹؽˮɡ
˻Ӻʮһһá
ʮӲ֪˵ʲôظơ
Ǳˮˮư
ˮưҨˮｽ
ʮӲûнأվڸɾʯ·ϣϲһ
û˵ʲô
˻Сʮܵࡣ
ʮһؽһ䣺˵ģࡣ
ư˻ӿʮһһۣ˭û˵
ʮһӵɾ
ư˻Ӷӻ
ʮһ׷ʣŸ磬ϵϵѼ
Ϊѵ˵ϵȡ
ʮһӾΪǣȻҡͷԵؽˮˮȻö磡
ư˻Զ߹ȥ
Ƶĳɡ
˻ӵúÿѽǴײ𣿡
ʮһӵҲ졣
Ƶ߾ϵײˡ
ʮӺԴںɫϣðһ̵С磬ɸɾģӭչܺÿ
̧СŽҪȥһһСŽ˻ȥվʯϣԶԶؿС硣
˽Žˮѹһ罽ˮġ
Ȼֻ䵽ϡ
ѼҪʮһӴ
˻תͷһ󺰣⣡
Ƶ񡣡
ʮһӼʮʮ磬񣬲ȻϴѼҪϴ
ֻıؿ̵С磬Ҫȥˣʮһż߶ʮһء
һûעϲȵʪ̡һ򻬣С˵ˮϣһƬˮ
ֻŵչߡ
ŵĶԭء


135 
ʮס
ʮӣ˳԰˺
ƻʮܵܣ
˻Ӵס
ʮһֹʮˤ
ź˳԰˺ƵΧȥ, ȴҶʮӡ
ʮ¸ͷϡϡǰϡЬ϶һƬܵҲ, û, ȫ֪ô, ̧Ƶˡ
Ƶʮܵܡ
ʮһ㱵صࡣ
ʮһӳԼѵ, ϶ϵ࣬ģ㡪
˻סʮһСʮܵ, ϴϴ͸ɾˡ
ʮתͷҵ˳԰ˣܵ˵ҡҡҪȥ
ãǻȥ˳԰һ±ʮӡ
ʮܵܣ˻Ӻ
˳԰񣬱ʮӸϽߡ
˴һ¡
˻ʣô죿
ʮһӵʮ綼Ҫ
˻ӵͷ
ʮһӵ񲻳Բ˲ˣʮͲˤ񣡡
˻תͷҲ㡣
ʮһӲʣôң
˻ӵʮܸܵġ
ʮһӸž͵ϵʮܵܡ
ʮ磡ʮܵܡ˻Ӿ
ʮһӴϵʮ, ϵϵľˤѼ
˻ҭһ£˵Ҳе
ʮһӵͷ
˻ʣôأ
ʮһظôأ
һơ
ƱҪʮӶӴӴ, һصĽ, ֪ʮһӾ˵ˮˣôࡹˮ֪᲻Ӱ֮, ӶʮӵĽǿ֢
Щ, תͷһ۹С, и, ת÷ܡ
ŵܵ, ʲô˻ʡ
ʮһ̧ȥ׷
һССӿ÷
ŵܵܣʲô˻ʡ
ƻشװ磬͸ʮܵܡ
˻ӺʮһӲס
ƺܿһֻŴС磬װСù˽СΧĸɸɾСҶҶϵˮҲȻ԰˻Ӷ˵ߡ
ȥĶ˻ʡ
˳԰Ƶ
ʮһʣʮѼ
Ƶͷԡ
ʮһƶ˵϶ں˳԰ء
ȥƵ
ʮһӵǴֺѼ
ԣҪ£ѹƵ
ãҺʮһСȰȵС򳵡
˻Ӹϡ
ƽСݸ˻ӣ˸磬š
ôãʮһ̽ʡ
㱧סˤˡ˻Ťͷ
ʮһӿ϶Ŀǵġ
˻ʣ˭Ļ
Ѽ
˻Ӿٳʵϴ˭ӳˤģ
ϵҡʮһ¸ҳ֮ҲԼС費ʣҲ
ɣߡѡ
߽
Ƶһ㡣
С
ܿأ˺˳԰ſڣκ˳԰Ժǰ뿪ŵģϻ࣬ɼղź˳԰ĹǻŻŵرʮӽġ
ʮһСžžš
˳԰߹һæ
Ƶʮܵܡ
˳԰˵Żӡ˻ӡʮһӣ
߽ȥ
ʮһӱʣʮأ
˳԰˵ԡ
ʮһӿƵŸ磬ʮԡ
Ƶͷɡ
ʮһܻˣô죿
Ƶһ
˻ָſյϵСʯǶȡ
Ƶͷ
ΧСʯǰ
˳԰˶һЩġ
ʮһץͳԡ
˻ʣϴ𣿡
ʮһӷµģȥϴ֣Եġ
˻ʣŵܵܣԲԣ
Ʋԡ
ŸΪԣʮһʡ
Ҳ
ǰҲѼ
ͻȻ֪η
Ҳ
ۿʮһҪµģһ˵ӣƵԣһٳԣһٳԡ
ʮһӵһҪม
ã԰ɡ
ʮһӵСԴԵġ
ЦЦ
Żˡɵ
תͷ΢Цŵɺ͸ɸɾʮӡ
ʮܵܣ˻ӻ
ʮһӸźʮ磡
۲һʮӵɫǰģǵûа־߶Щů⣬ûʲôãһʮܵܣ¶ɡ
ʮӿƣŸ磬û¡
΢΢һ£ûмǴĻʮӵһŸ磬ϲؿɣ̶뵽ոʮˤǸصʮܸܵոˤء
ûйϵϴͺˡлŻӹġ
û뵽˵ɣ쿴ʮӡ
ʮӵͷ
˳԰߹ʮӣղŲ˵𣿡
ɿʮӵȥȵˮɡԡôãòˮ
ʮӵͷŹȥˮ
˼һ£̽ʣʮܵܲɣ
ЦӦǺöˡ
ǣ
ֻƲ֪ʮôתˣʣΪʲô
ɵҲ̫
ʣʮܻܵʱʲô飿
˵龭
ʮˤĻˮ˳԰ʵҲŻʮֱֱس˳԰ܡ
һ·ϲͣذοʮӡ
ʮӸȥһֱ۾˵࣬˶һַǳܵ״̬۾
ҲŻˣӹʮȥԡһϴһ˵ɾ˸ɾˡ
ʮòŸ۾ۿϵˮɢû˿ۼ۾꣬кȻ뵽һֽƷľƷ
һԶƷûߴԼµ֮УӶսʤԼ
ַֻΣԺܸߣܶ໼߻еʹ̶֣ε֮ġ
û뵽Եɺ£ʮְ취ҶܺõЧ
ƾϲˡ
˻ӲЩȴʮܵܣûôˣ
ɵӦǵġ
Ҳɣϵ𣿡ʡ
ɵͷӹʮʱҲǼܣཥʧؾûʲôˡ
áƵʮܵܺöɡ
ʮһӲʮ绹𣿡
ɿЦãû㰡
ҾͽʮһģʮСüͷң档
ЦŽ͵㣬ࡣ
ϵ𣿡ʮһһĲ
Ц˵ǰ
ۿʮһҪȰȵ˵ȥ˻ӵھǲˡ
ʮһӰͷʣգ
˻ӵͷġ
ĸʮٴγ
˿ʮӡ
ɵһ
ʮʯϡ
ʣʮܵܣոˤף
ʮҡͷ
²£ƾһˤҲͦ˵ġ
ʮֺ¡
ʮ磬㻹𣿡ʮһ
ʮھáࡹôܡ
ʮһߵʮӸǰʮӣرǽദһգоͦõģ֣صصҪϵ࣬ҪϵѣǾϵѡ
ѣʮʡ
ԣϵѵģ
ʮҪش𣬸оʲô䵽ϡ
Ƶȥʮһϵĵ
ʮ̧ӣʮһӡ
ʮһӽ͵ʮ磬顢顢鲻ģ


136 
ʮ΢΢ü
ĵ, ĵͺҸġʮһС֡
ʮתܿġ
İɡʮһӵ
ʮصÿһ
˳԰Ȼصʪֽ
ʮӽӹ, ϸ֡
˳԰ʣʮ, ҪҪԡѣ
ʮӵҪ
˳԰һ, 漴ͷǡ
Цˡ
ƸоʮӵĽˡ
˻ӵͷ
ʮһչʮ, Ĳ
ʮӽƫһԣԶʮһӡ
ʮһֵԺϷม
ʮӵͷ
ǾϵʮһӸ˵ץסʮ֡
ʮӸϽߣú˳԰еֽ˲
ʮһҪǰ˻һѽʮһקʯʡ
ʮһӻͷʣ˸, 
ʵ㡣
Ϊʵ
ϴ˸ǰ˷ģ˻ӵ
ʮһ뷴ȻƵԡ
ʮһӡ
ʮһϲҲƣֻҪ˵Ļһ㶼, Ƶһԡ֣ʹһ£Ͱ͵ƵŸ磬㷳
аƵ
ʮһ仯ܿ, ̿ĵʣգ
, 㲻Ҫʮܸܵǰϲ㡣
áʮһӹԹԵʯϡ
Ƶͷ
Цˡ
ʮӾ漫ˣû뵽ʮһôŸ, Ÿĺܺ, ҲԸġ
ʮܵܡƻһ
ʮơ
ƽС͵ʮǰ, ͸ġ
ʮӾĲˡ
ƽ͵ֻɵصʱ, Ҫϵȥ, ɡ
˻Ӹͣԣֻ
ʮעһϣû뵽Լ磬ؿġ
ŰɡƵ
ʮֽӹ
ָ㿴ɾ
ʮӵͷ
ϵϵðม
ʮӲؿơ
ƵҲϵġ
ʮԣ۾Ȼͷţ
ƵŰɡ
áʮӵͷ
Գ˲˳ʮһӽӻ
ư˻ӺʮӶʱԶԡ
εҡͷЦ
СʯǰǻһƬ
ûƵʮܵܣϢɣɡ
ʮʣȥĶ
ؽˮֻһ͹ˡ
ʮӵҲȥ
ҲҪȥƾȡ
ɾ档
ʮӵͷ
ּʮһȥ
ʮӺÿ
ϲʤ
ƺŴһСһȰĹأʮԾûаæվ˹ϣæһ
һֱʱ䣬̫Ҳˡ
ĸȥ§̫
ֽ̫Ʊˮˣ
§̫Ĳӵɡ
˵ʮӸղڹˤˣ
šƵͷ龭˵˱顣
̫ڻ·ϣѾ˵˹ط飬֪Сƶʮӣϸһ飬ȻκʮӵĽ񱣿
κһ㡣
Ҳġ
š
̫ʮӣúÿЩĹɣЦŵСʮúúֵܽ棬Ժһκ
ʮӵͷǣǻĸ̻塣
ǸϽĺӡ̫ƵûƤ
ԡƳʵسϡ
̫Ц
ƵĸҺصģ㲻Ҫɡ
̫Ʒ
ֵ̫ĸȥŰɡ
̫ߣš
ƻͷʮܵܣߡ
ʮӸߡ
ʱʮӺʮһм䣬ʮӿʮһӳԲ·ЧʮӳԲ٣ʮӻǲϰ˯ź˳԰Ĺ˻غ˳԰ˡ
ʮ粻˯Ѽʮһʡ
ԡƻش
ΪѼ
ȥ˯
ʮһ룬ʣ𣿡
ƻصѾ
ʱأ
ȡ
Ʋ¶ˣǸ˯ѣʮӾ͹ˡ
Ƶʮܵܣɣ
ʮӵͷ
һȥ԰ժӳԡ
ʮӵͷ
ĸһ˴Ȱڸ԰ӻƣһӣһϣһ׽ӣһӣһı
ʮӻز룬ɾģԶԶؿš
Ƽ״ҲûǿʮѾܶࡣ
˻Ҳû˵ʲô
ʮһȫˣ֮С
֪ĸһ죬ϵǳֵֿʱƵʮܵܣȥũ˾ϼҡ
ȥũ˾ʮʡ
Ͳˡ˻ӵ
ʮһӵֵͲ˲
˻Ӿû֡
ãϵŸͰ˸ֵͲ˲ʮһӵ
Ƶͷȥա
ʮӵá
˱ֿˡ
ڶ᷿ỽƶ
ԺӦһ
ʮˡ
Ʊ۾ʣʲô
˵ȥũ˾Ͳˡ
ư۾һ»谵ĴʱѾ
˵ʲôʱ𣿡
˲ûкʮ˵ʱ䣬պʮǸϽģһ˵ȥũ˾϶ֵʱ䣬첻ܹˣٿһʣʮܵĶ
š
ʣô
˵ûȥָĻӣǵһμʮĺӣҾŸ磬Ÿ粻˵ͼš
ѽЬӾ˳ȥȻʮվԺʮܵܡ
Ÿ硣
ʮӵĸ첲Ѿ
ʮӿԼ첲ĸûôһܣͽƵ᷿
ңиʱôɡʮӽˡ
ûϵʮӵ
ʮʣʮܵܣ
ʮҡͷʵһģǻ̡
춼أ˯һɡʮָԱߵС齵Ӷϵɾģ˯һɣȥũ˾
ȻŸô˵ˣʮҲˣͷӦ
ƿĸôҲô磿
˯̫磬ѵ硣
㲻˯ɣ
Ц˯ĸȥ游ддţ˯ɡ
áƿʮӵʮܵ˯ɡ
ʮһ۾һڱĵط˯оͦģûһ˯ˡ
̫ʱƺʮ
ź󣬰˻Ӻʮһˡ
˵ʮƷ˯ʮһӹڻһ·϶Ҫ;Ÿһ˯
Ʋʤ䷳ã´һ˯
ʮһӿʮҫ´Һ;Ÿ˯
ʮӲ
ũ˾֮˾ũ˾СԺӣСԺӽһƬһ˸ߵͲˡ
ʮһӵʮ磬ϵͲ˲ˣ
˻ӵե͡
Ƶͷϵֵģɡ
ȥաʮһӻǰ
˻һסʮһӵĸ첲ղˣô˲С
СʮһӼ֡
Ƶ˸磬ȥ
ʮһܵͲ˸ǰûͲ˸ߣʹ̵ľҲβһͲˣתͷղ
˻Ӱʮһһۡ
ʮӲֱӡ
ƺũ˾ˣͲ˸ȻŵǰõĿյϣɹһɹ
Ϊʮһʡ
ɹһɹһͲ˿ڣͲѾԳɡ
Ǿɹһɹʮһһ쵼ӡ
һͲ˸ƽʯϣ̫ĺɹ
˿һܵ档
ƺͰ˻塣
ʮӺʮһӶͲȤܴ󣬲ʱ׵ʯǰſţȻžһźɫͲѱ
ʮСһ
ʮһӵϵͲˣ
ǡžͲѱϣŵһ飬ϽվתһܣţŸ磡Ÿ磡
ôɣƿһŵĶʡ
ʮһСָʯϵͲ˵ͲˣͲˣ
ʣͲôɣ
ʮӽӻͲڣǣ


137 
ǣһʱû
ʮһӵͷţ
, ȥƵ
ʮʮһӵͷ
һʯǰ
ʣôǣ
ʮӵŸ磬˵
ʮһæصͷ˸Ҳ˵һ
ƺͰ˻Զ˵, վʮӶ, Ŷ̫, ӶʯϵͲˡ
Ҳ֪ȥ, һͷѾðϸϸܵĺ飬ȻͲ˸ϡžһͲѱ
ʮһӴһص
ʮӲǴе, ҲµקƵѡ
ʣϵ
ʮӺʮһӵͷ
һЦ
ʮһ⡣
ʮһʣŸ磬Ц
˻ҲǵһջͲˣ֪Ǹʲô
ƽ͵ⲻϵǡ
ʮʣʲô
ƳͲ˸ǰߡ
ʮӺʮһһƣŸ磬㡣
ûϵģҴǿƵ
ʮӶ֡
ƶ׵Ͳ˸ǰ, ɢͲѿǵͲѵĿǿǡ
˻˶Ա߿š
ϵͲѡƵ
˻ӵե͵ġ
ԡƼ򵥵ؽ͵ͷһֱɹǿǣɹˣǿǵ򲻳ɣͻᡸžһſ, Ѿͱ, ϵҪม
ϵͷÿǿģʮһʡ
ƵͷԣͷһϵҪǡ
˻Ѿס
ʮӺʮһһ
ưͲ, ɫĲС, , Ͳɹ, ͲôͲ˿ɡ
˻˴ȥ
ʮʮһӿССĿ, 档
ƽŵҪϵͷɹҪһ򣬴һ򣬰ѶȻװեͣ˲˳ԡ
˻֪һϵеĳ
ʮӺʮһӲ֪һſСڵ㣬Գ˳ԣ;Ĳˣ̲סС֣ͲѲ鿴
ʱžһ϶¶ϲá
ʮӵͲֳˡ
ʮһӵͷö࣡
ƵͷͷɹǣǵžС
ʮʣһ𣿡
ɹɹٴһʡǵš
ʮӶ˴Ӧ
ĸһ´һ˻˶һͲѿǣͲɹƲûһչ֣Ǽɹɹ졣
ƴũ˾óĸ
˻ʣͲˣ
ũ˾Сͷԡ
ʮӺʮһӸһ
˻ӽӹһ
һͲϴ£Ͳžģǿ򣬾ɡ
˻̴
žũ˾ʯ·ũ˾ĹԱǿ󣬶Ц
Ż̫ɰˣ
һ׵ģô¶
ǿɲŻӿǴκֲ츳ġ
ǣҵܹٺ»մ˾ŻӵĹ⡣
ǴͲˣ᲻ǰ
ҪҪæ
ãǻ˽ŻǴֵܽҪĻ˵ġ
û
Żзִġ
˵ʵŻӺֵܽõģȻǶΪǴðǰСӵĽȥ۲ˡ
ԣЩͲˣŻӲһδġ
Ա˵ûȷʵֵܽá
ƴֵܽøɻʵǴֵܽϰյ˽ϰյϣֵܽǳܹΪȣֵܽá
˻Сͨ죬ͣһ³ԲȲԹӣŸɻ
ЪЪͣͣ
죬ڰеͲѶͲ˸ˣʯ·ǺͲѼżӲݣһڴɣ
ʮһӵöͲѾ
ʮӸпѡ
˻ӵӲݡ
Ƶɸһɸɣߣö
˻˸ߡ
Сɸӡ
ƵͲѷȥɹҳӲݾɡ
˻˴Ӧ
ʮһͲѾСɸϡ
һ㶣Ȼһתͷʮӡ
ʮӲԡ
ʮһӵʮ磬Ϻ࣡
ʮӵͷһֻСմ˱ĳǰǺᣬЩͲϵİͲǸɾġ
˻סʮһӵ͵ԣǸɾġ
ƵͷţͲϵɹģϵɾģʮСƷЧرãʮԺҲͱ˸ɾһЩܺá
ţʮӵͷ
ԴԴʼϸɸͲѣ쵽ˣǰͲɹĸɸɾװСƴ󺰣˾˾
ˣũ˾˾Ͻܳ
ƳͲѶأƵ
ũ˾˾Ͻһơ
أƺʡ
ũ˾˾ͷųӸ˵ʮ
٣һʡ
ũ˾˾ش𣺡ȷʵʮ
ʮ˻ǲֲģջʱϰٽǧǶͲæôãȻֻʮͲѡ
١ʮӵ
ľأʮһһӡ
أũ˾˾һʡ
ʮʮһӵ
ءũ˾˾˶ֹģֹһͦ
ʮһеҲأҲϵСֽãĸ˵ã
ũ˾˾ѾѧʮһӵǣʮһӲֲݣõĻÿɰƯ
ʮһһĿ佱ĵصͷš
˻ӿСͲѵ̫
ũ˾˾͵˻ӣͲһĶزҲٽңһֵҵͲˣô࣬Ѿˡ
ôͣ˻ʡ
ũ˾˾ͷ
ϰճԵ𣿡˻ʡ
ũ˾˾ֻʡųԡ
ԡƵǰʱ򣬾ؤ
ؤϵʮһʡ
ʮҲ֪
ƽ͵ؤϵҪˡ
ΪҪʮһʡ
ΪгԣϰռҲӵģֻмأҪϵճɲãҪ˰ʳɣǾͻǶǣݣƵ
ũ˾˾û뵽ŻӻǴκ֮
˻ӵţ
ʮʮһûһơ
Ƽǽ˰ϵǳԵġ
ʮһʣΪǳԣ
ƵΪҪǱ
Ҫϰաʮӵ
ԣʮܵ˵رԣƿ佱ʮӡ
ʮӸ˵
ʮһӼ״ϽҲҪϰգ
ũ˾˾˸жļҪ޳ϲʼаգİӲܺù
ոչ¡Ҳ⻰ٸн
ƵͷԣǶҪϰգ
˻˵ͷ
˳ƵҪ飬䣬ܱգ
˻˵ͷá
˳˵һ䣺ʮһܣҽ̫ѧͺʮܵܺú棬ȵʱҲҪúö飬䣡
ʮһӵͷ
ƵһΪ
Ϊʮһһɵӡ
ƽŵҪúö飡
ʮһӶԼϲ棬˳ƵҶöö飬ȸʻ࣡
ƼҪú䣡
ʮһֵСȭͷݺݵصţú䣬Ҵ򸸻ʱף
ʲô˼¡۲廰


138 Ī
תͷ
¡, ߽
񣺡μʣ£ʣ£򸣡
ɡ¡ĿʮһϣʣСʮһ, ʲô˼
ϵ׵˼ʮһӻش̹̹
˾¡ۻһ
ũ˾˾һְڡ
¡۾ƽ˵˵ʲô, Сʮһ˵ʲô˼
ũ˾˾, ոʮһ, ˵û뵽¡۾ˡ
֪ͯ޼ɣ¡۹ʮһӣ, ְֻżӹǵļͯԣղɢɢһЩ˽⵽ʮһԱΪҪúö飬ú, ϣԴﵽµˮƽ
𣿡¡ʡ
ũ˾˾άǣǣոմҶ˵ϰյ¶
Ǳʲô˼¡ȻǸоǺôʡ
ũ˾˾¡ۺŪȥ, û뵽¡ۻץ⡸ס, µ˵ְҲû
ϵ࣬Ѽʮһǰ͡
¡Լ֣΢˼һʣǱ׵˼
Ѽʮһӵͷϵס
¡ȻʣҪޱף
ʮһصͷ, 㣡
ũ˾˾˵
˻ӷ, ʮһǡ֪ôݡ
ʮӱۡ
ⲻʮһӵһԱ, ƸоĻͦɰ, ¡ۡ
Ȼ¡һ³
ʮһҲ, ȻʶΧΧԣһ
¡µ޵ýѵһ¡
ũ˾˾һ
˻ӽ͵ʣʮһܲǹġ
ʮάʮһܻС
ƸŵʣʮһϵΪ
¡۵ҪԷ
ũ˾˾һ½£ʮһǸӡ
˻ӺʮżĲˡ
ƺ¡Ρԡͷ
˾¡۵
ũ˾˾Ӧǡ
ñ
ũ˾˾ʣʲô飿
⡣
ũ˾˾С߿գۼһκТ˫ֽ¡ۡ
¡۽ӹһӦ
ũ˾˾ǡֻҪ¡ۣʮһȻ˵Ĳʣǿ϶Т˳ġ
ʮһ¡۲䲻ȵػһ
ʡʮһӺ֪Լˡ
վ¡ָͷ档
ʮһӴʣΪ
¡ʮһӵļ֣ܷ
ʮһصȵġ
¡۵Ҫȡ
ɹںڵġ
¡ˣȥվá
ʮһѾѺܴ¡˵Ǹо¡۵ѹԽԽͣٷŲСӣһͷؿ¡ۣջߵͷ档
¡۽κТŵʮһӵԴϵţʹӡ
ϵƨƨ𣿡ʮһʡ
¡۵˵Ȼصش򡣡
ʮһӺȻоͷϵ鱾һ£ϾҪϽСַ鱾
¡۴̫֪СӱԾǰģûа취ȵشһطԿʮһַ鱾ûпתԶʯǰ
ũ˾˾Ͻ˷衣
ǳͷˣ˻һ
ʮҲˡ
¡۳ӢӣûֶŭӡӺʹ¼¡ʮһӷվѵͿԡ
ǷվһӦþҪѵ
Ȼ¡ĵµһκТʮһӸǰֱֱӣſڵʮһ֪𣿡
졣ʮһӵ
ʲô¡ٴ
ũ˾˾Ա߷롣
¡۵˵˵֪ʲô
ʮһӵҲԴ򸸻ʣ԰ѸʴףⲻТҪҪ𾴸ʡ
¡ͷ
˻ӺʮԿġ
ƾһֱΪʮһӺģû뵽ôߣôͿЩʮһƽʱĶԽ
ʮһӵʣҴõȡ
ٶӡ¡۵
ʮһֵҶ
ʹӡ¡
ʮһӲ棬Сַ顣
¡ĵĻʧתˣ뵽ո˵Щƶղ˵ĶԣΪӣӦúúñϰյġ
ţƵҪ̫ѧ
̫ѧ
šƵͷ
ĸ˵𣿡Ȼ¡۵ӣС̫߳Ƶĺܶ鶼Ҫ̫׿ϲС
Ƶ˵
¡ʣô˵
˵ա̫۰ƣһ¶
Ǿ̫ѧκ涨ӹ̫ѧǿǺӲ¶ѡЩѧʴӱѧҲû⡣
Ƶлʡ
ţѧˣ᳣ũ˾𣿡
ƵȻඣϵ˾ˡ
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¡ϸЦݣͲҲ
ʣ𣿡
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ũ˾˾ְδջ֮ǰȥĵأԣѾܽлĵأͲ˵أְȥͲ˵ؿͲ˿ǿͲѱ
ûĶٽϡ¡۵
Ǵհũ˾˾
¡ϵЦŨȷʵҪǣͲ˵ķգϰպܴĹһڻĵأ꾩ǸĻĵضԳΪũء
ũ˾˾Ҳžѧ
ʱϰ˶зԡ
ũ˾˾ϲºϲ£
¡۴Цϲƶ
ƵһŬѾ
¡۴õȵ裬Եġ
ũ˾˾ְȥ׼
أ޴ˣϡ¡۴ӴǶ֪Ͳ˷գͷϲưԵĵũ˾
ĵµ˽Ķ˵ʯϡ
¡۵ƶ˾СˣСʮ
ϴϴַ׷£ĳԡ
۵
¡ʣó԰ɡ
ũ˾˾ġ
˻ӵź
ʮССڳš
¡Ҳ˳
ԵĽζȻžһһתͷʮһͷϵġκТڵˣǵĿһͶʮһӡ
ʮһСһͻȻۡһ߿ޱߵأľץסۣϵңϵľץסҪƨƨ
ʮһܡƻ
ҪƨƨʲҪƨƨ۰۰
¡޻ûдء
ƨƨ۵Ѽ۰ʮһӱ۾໿ޡ
ũ˾˾Ŀתؿţ˾׽ĵġ
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ʮգº۾
ƴʮһܣһɣ÷ɣ
ʮһӿȻͣס۾գ£Ŵ˳Űװ׵ʣվҲƨƨ
ԡƵ
գʮһӿ¡ۡ
¡۵ͷ
ʮһЦܵʯǰʣҶǶ˵ԳԵ𣿡


139 ʮ
ʲô¡ʡ
ũ˾˾룺, Ҷ˵ԳԵ𣿡
¡ĿתؿʮһӣСֵ, ۾, Ѿ峺ЦݡֿֿЦ, Ҳ, ԡ
лʣʮһץһľͳԣȫûܷ֮ġ
ũ˾˾״Цˣ룬Ƥʵĺӡ
˻Ҳˡ
ʮСʮһ, ֡࡭
һЦ
Сʮһ㡣¡ѵ
ʮһæһ磬ĺܶģͣ
¡ʣûУ
ľСʮһӺܳʵ
Ҳʱ¡һ𵽴ȰŰɡ
ѼʮһӴӦ
һ¡Ƶ
¡ƣ£
ƵͲѵեͣ
եͣ¡ʡ
, ե֪͡ũ˾ûեͳǹдκټեͳ˾ֵЩͲȥեͻòѾ
ũ˾˾¡ۡ
¡۵ͷ
ũ˾˾, Żӡ
ʣʱܹ
¡۵˾, ȥֵʱ
, ְũ˾˾Ӧ
¡ۿƣ˰ɣ
Ƶͷ
˸¡۵˴Ȱ, һ, ˯ʱ, ¡ˡ
, ڴȰ̫ϷŻصԹ
źɢʱй˵¡ȥɺʮһˡ
¡һΪСʮһġסɴϥ̸⣬¡ҲЩײ׷ʮһӵﲻ
ȻڶʮһӼͰ˻ʮʱϹϾ
˻Ӿʮһܣʲô
񡣡ʮһӵ
Ϊʲôʮʡ
ʺĸ˵Ҫʮһӵ
ȥˣ˻ʡ
ţʶЦЦ˵ҺĸȻĸ˵ԺҪҪظʣȻƨƨʮһӵ
ԺҪˣ˻ʡ
ʮһӵͷ
ʮʣ𣿡
ʮһСüͷѼ
ƲЦʣô죿
ʮһӹϵ಻

ûһʮһӾͰʲôˣֿƾͦõģʮһҲ˴ûҪѹԣת߰ɣȥũ˾
Ѽʮһʡ
Ͳͣ˻ӵ
ʮӵͷ
ʮһ۾ϵյͲͣ
ûƵϳߡ
˻˸ϽС
ĸũ˾ʱũ˾˾Ѿˡ
˾أʮһʡ
Ѿեˡũ˾˾ָϵǿ
˿һչޣԱһĹ
չǲͣѱũ˾˾ܵ
ҪһǸʲô
ũ˾˾̰չ޺
õչ޸ӡ
ְũ˾˾ӹӡ
һ̽׿չŵһɶصζ
ʮűӡ
˻ӵѽ
ʮһӵŵġ
ũ˾˾;ģȺ󳴲ˣر㣡
ƵͷϱͳԹեĲͣر㡣
ʮӰ˻Ӳŵӡ
ʮһӼչڵġ
ϵڵģϵɫ˹եĲͣûоɫɫŨ
ûũ˾˾ŻӹȻЩ
Ҳ˺úóԵġʮһӵ
ʮʣԹ
Ҳ졣ʮһҲ֪ԼûгԹͣǰҲûйע
ʮʣô֪˺óԣ
ʮһСԴҲµѼ
ʮӲʮһˡ
糴˳һԾ֪ˡʣͣ
ҡũ˾˾
ʰٷ֮ʮߵǰڵСƬ˾ѱ߽ң
ûũ˾˾
Щѱʲôʡ
ԡũ˾˾
ԣ
ũ˾˾ͷǰϰͲֵ٣ե֮ȴţѱˣͿԲˡ
ѱó԰ɡ
ɬɬģˣѱӦòˡũ˾˾СʱûóԣҲԹѱġ
ǲѱôأ
ιι򡣡ũ˾˾ιιܳ죬ǰҲιգѷգϰտ϶Ҳιˡ
ƽӵҲι㡣
ũ˾˾ûι
ͷһԡƵιִַʡ
ũ˾˾ЦܹιĻҲһŲ·
Ƶͷȳͣι㡣
ũ˾˾㳢㳢ְЩŵСϣ
á
ũ˾˾ź˲ͺͲѱ֮СһصȰ̫󿴣õ̫Ŀ佱󣬰Ѳͽ
ܿ쳴˴˿Ǵͼ嶹˺̫һ𳢳ûζ㡣
ó԰ɣʮһʡ
ʮӵͷ
˵óԵġʮһӽĲˡ
̫תͷ佱ơ
ƵɣǻҪȥι㡣
Ķι̫ʣιʲô
԰ιѱ
ֹ̫㸸ʿк԰㣬ʳƵģǼóȻιѱιˣϸǡ
ιϱӼͲѱι㣬Чܺá
̫΢룬С԰иСȥǶι㣬ιιɡ
̫϶ǻι㣬ƿЦããǾȥС
̫ͷ
߰ɡ˻ӵ
Сѱжأֱι㣬˳ɻᶾƽ͵ôһ£ι㡣
ô˻ʡ
ߡ
ƴŰ˻ˣһͲѱѹ飬ɹȻȡһЩ裬װһܷ̳棬һɴ̱ǵζҪӪѾںϳɹ
ɣȥι㣡Ƶ
С԰ʯ·խСȥ³ַС̳ӣ굽ĵСͤ
ƴ̳ǡ
ʮһСȥץ
һ¡סʮһӡ
˻ӵ㲻Ҫ
ʮӵŸġ
ʮһӹԹ
Сľ˽С̳ӣɽװȻɡ
˻ӵݸʮһһľӣ
ʮһֻýӹ
ĸóľҨͲѱ
ʮһͻȻָˮ
˵ͷһȺӵСҡβιͳʳ
ʮһӿļˡ
˻ӵĳˡ
ʮӿġ
Ƶϲء
˻˵ͷš
ĸ˱ڻǰʳĵĲˣȻһӤ
˭ڿޣʮһʡ
ƾ׼ؿߵһڱӣӻ·ֻӼſš
ʮӵʮܡ
˻ӵǾŵܵܵʮܡ
ʮһӲʣΪϵŸģ
˻ӵһֱӣһ¾ŵܵܲеУʮܡ
ʮһ룬Ȼʲô˲Ĵܣ۾ʮϵŸĶң
˻סʮһӵͣȻĽ͡
ʮӵʮôһֱޣ
ź岻õʮӣʮܡ
ʮֹͣ߿


140 ̫ѧ
ʮ, ƴ
ֱʮߵͤУ
ʣɣʮΪοޣ
ִЩ
Ƽǵʮɫƫ, ʮ¹ȥ, ʮӱ΢ڵС, ͦÿ, һʮܡ
ʮӿķһŤͷֻꡣ
Ʋʣʮôɣ
ЦϲĺÿˣͻẦߡ
ƾȣϵ𣿡
ֵǣʮϲŻӡ
ʮһӸϽչʣʮϲ𣿡
Ƶԡ
ʮһѧƵӻʮܡ
ʮȻûô, Ҳֻꡣ
ʮһ˷ܵŸ磬ʮҲϲң
Ƶţϲ㣬ϵѾ
ϵʮһһֱǺ˸, ȻԼΪ磬˲ԼǴ˵ĸоθͻȻ˷ڡ
Ƽ, ˵, ͺʮһ硣
ʮһӿںֵʮӣʣŸ磬ʱ˵
ÿС˵ʱ䶼һ, ƸģĴ, ˵
ʮһӵҪþð
, ͬ, һľϵ㡣
ʮһϲһ, ĵʣգ
Ƶͷġ
ʮһӵһͬ档
ƵͷĿģʮӡʮһӺʮһˣʮһӾͲôڴͷʮˣʮӿЦͣ˰
ڶһ磬ȥʮӣʮС򳵣ιʮӺ̣ʮӿȵȣָܶʮӵ⡣
ʮһԽϲʮӣÿնҪһһ¸ĹذĲǰŸ硹Ÿ硹ˣԸԳĲѱιιһΡ
ι£¡ڷ԰㳤ִַϸ֮²֪ιġ
ϵİƵ
ô뵽㰡¡ʡ
ƺʣѾ
¡۲ʣ棿䷽
ũ˾Ѿ˾òѱιҾιѾ
¡ƵСԴ̾ƶǴڴϰΪУֲһľϲκ飬ǲ۲۵ĸǡ
Ŀι㣿̫ʡ
û԰ִַʡ
ιˣ̫Ϊ˾Ծȥ԰ι棬ιˡ
Ƶͷ
ƶ̫§סơ
Ƶͷ
¡۸˵ԺͲ˱Ҳ࣬ǿιιιιˡ
ɲ̫ˣƶһ
͡¡۵
ʲôѾʡ
¡΢һ£㲻ѧķı
ƾʹͲҪرõķı
㣡
˸ҲСȻһ̰
¡ЦС
ڶ˵ķı¡۽ѱι֮¸ũ˾ũ˾ϰѱô
˶ˣ԰ι㣬ιιų֪Ѿ٣ʱӴػյĺϢ
¡ۺ̫ϲɻӺ͹ʹͣҲ˹ǣذ˳Ϧ硣
ʹһƬһֱԪڡ
ػأ﹬봺׶Σ¡ƽһ׸ʽ
ʱ˵Ѿǳÿ̫ѧܾ̫¡ۺ˵ĸְţĸʡĸԼһ飡
̫ѧԶ·۰̫
ũ˾డҸǶŵ̫ѧҲԡƵ
̫Ȱ㻹ûеꡣ
ȥС
̫˶٣ֵĵ˵̫ѧкܶĻӹһ۸㡭
ƵҴǣҴǣ
̫֪˵ʲôˣ¡۵˰ѧ
һԼ졣Ƶ
ء
Ƶҿùð
̫¡˽һֱǸ躢ɳɳĿռ䣬Ҳ֪ģǶǿƺܶע
һһӦ
ڶպͰ˻һϼ󣬿ʮӡʮһӡ̫¡ۡɵȵˡ
̺ܴ󣬸ΪԼҪǰߴ̡
˺һҳȻʮһӣʮһʮӵС֣Ĳˣ˵˵ʮһܣúչʮܣøӴ
ʮһӵͷţϵø磡
Ƶţȥ̫ѧˣ
ʮһӼͷˣ档
á
ư˻Ӻ̫˸򳵣ʻ̫ѧſڣͿſڵ̫
̫֪ѧѾˣǰ˻ӣŻӣˡ
ƶ³̫
̫񡰱ְǰѧ
̫ˡƺͰ˻һ
˸̫̫ѧͳ֤ݵơ
̫¼ȻλӣӽǾǴκ̫ѧһѧӣڿҶ飬츣ա
Ƶͷǻġ
̫˿̻ûпţȵѧãʶһͬ
κ̫ѧΪᡢᣬ൱ڶʮһ͵Сѧѧʹѧ˼
ѧѧã֮ÿ׵Ŀԣﵽˮƽᣬѧϰߵȵľ塢ۡʫȵȡ
Ƶ߽Ҳѧá
û̫
˻ӵ硢߸Ͷˡ
̫ЦӼΪ㣬Ѿᡣ
˻ӵ硢綼ᡣ
̫ͷù˵Ҳܺܿᡣ
ƶ˵ͷ
ˡ̫
ƶһ̧ۿǰһľСƣдšѧá߽ѧã߹ܵܣ
Ƴ߹Ц
߹ĵĲˣͷӶ˵ҵܵܣҵܵܺÿɣһ顣
Ҳҫ
ѧõѧǶԾؿơ
ǻûмôÿˣȻССģƤװ۵ģپµķ·Ůﾫϸһ㣬һһֶԣɢŻȻɵĹÿĲ񻰣һˡ
̫ƶͽһȻԺһѧϰҪ໥ͬ
ѧǶǡ
ˣλȥɡָ̫λ
ƶ¡
߹ͷΧסƶˡ
ܵܣϿ
ŵܵܣôģ
СѣȾĻӣԽ𣿡
Сɰǹ
ѧõѧǼ飬ƶӦӲϾʱóҲǰ೤֪ͨǲſˣȥȡˡ־ǧġ飬һһ˵
־ͻᱳˡ˻ӵ
ԣ벩ʿˡƵ
߽ѧã˻ӵѧģҶᡣ
Ҳᡣλϵ
·𣿡ȻһöԱߴ
ƸоЩϤתͷͿӢӣʣ磬ô
üң
ƸϽܻˣӦ롢㡣
Ӧ롢˲ؿ
˻ӵŵܵܣߴѧˣ
ƿʣߴ


141 ѧ
Ц̫ѧԺٴѧá
ƻԼͰ˻ӽ, õ鼮̲ס˼ȦȻš־ǧġ뿪, תӦתģ
ߴˡ
Цưװ۵С, ããĿɰ
Ƶڻȥ
ͷߴˡ
šƸϽ˸, ߡ
ߡ
˱, Ͻܳٴѧá
ٴѧõѧ΢һ£Ȼ׹ÿСߴѧˣźôЦ
Ц󣺡Сƶɵɵ
Ӧһתͷɵ
񴲻õһۡ
о֧Ҫ䴩Լһ, ˵Сƶһ䣬ʮ¶һͬʱƺͰ˻ӶٴѧѧǵĴЦҲǵһγܣá
˵ɵ, ͸綼ȥˣ̹ˣ̫ѧԺѧøǰ߹, ǲŸ߽ȥ¡
ܵ, ȥĶˣ߹ʡ
ҲʣôôòŻ
ʿñˡ߹
ƺͰ˻Ӽ򵥵˵·¶
ܵѧˡ
ǾȻ·߹
˻ӽͣڲת̫ˣŪˡ
߹ԭˡ
·
߹ö·
ư˻ӵͷͲ·¶, ʽʼϿ, ʱ͸ӵ˱ǧġټաȵ֮, , ܿѧ, ϿΣ̫ѧʳš˯ѵȵȣһô˳ؽ
ѧ߹ġ
һȥ
ƺͰ˻ʰ鱾
ĸһ򳵣ҪСǶ٣ʵ
Ҳˡ
߹Ҳˡ
˻Ҳˡ
ƸǶôǵ顣
á˴Ӧ
Ƶǻغ󹬡
߽
ں棬˵ѧĸ飬˺󹬣˻ظԹȥȰ̫˵һ˵ѧ﷢顣
ô˵ϲ̫ѧˣ̫ʡ
ϲƵ
̫һʧ䣬ѧʱ򣬵ĺѧﲻӦһն̹ڵȵƻˣ˵ѧúܺãһֺӳҪԼȻ
ƶҲУ̫ĸ첲ĸкöֲʶ
̫ӣôʸͲʿأ
ʻĸ
̫𽥻ůѧˣ
̫꣺ҳɴˣҲǻĸѽ
ǰƶٴ̫ĵȻתʧȡ֮ǿġ
ĸʶְ
úúã̡̫̽̽ԼãЦ
һֱ̫ƵҲЦˡ
Ƴ鱾̯֡
̫ظƽ⡣
ư̫󰲸ˣֻȥůģҪȶˡ
ѧ
첻ȥ̫ѧغ󹬣ʱܳʵ̫ѧͦģ飬죬дд֣ԳʳûѹҲûѧѹ
ҪϱӶ֪ʶʹпִƵģѧʲô࣬ĽĽ̫ѧĽ̲ģٽũ˾ķչҲ˾˵ݡ
ôʱҲʼôִֽдд
ܵܡ߹
ƻͷȥ
߹Сʣ
Ʒʣˣ
š߹ͷ
еġƴӿڴͳġ
ҲԵģǺ«
ǰԺġ
㲻ȥȥɡ
áƵͷ
˻ӵҪȥֽ
߹һ𣬵ÿһ㣬ȻϿˣʿҲǣᷣǵġ
߳һѧãǰԺߡ
ƺȻϤĽŲͷһӡ
硣߹С
˻ʣģʲôȥ
Ƶȥ
ߡ
͵͵ظӳһߡ
ߵһǽǣĴ˳ǽһ٣ȥ
磡߹һʲô
һһɣžһˤ
磡ǰӡ
ƨɡ
ˤûУʡ
û¶ƨ࣬תۼͲˡ
˻ɻʣ磬ǽʲô
ֹ
Ƶѧ
߹Ͱ˻۾
ӽ͵Ҳѧ
ʲô߹ʡ
ӵҾȥ˯
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Ĵǽǻλơ
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ѧǶûв¶ԣʮһӺĽ͵ϵҸѧ
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߹װͰ͵ʣСʮһʲô
ʮһӵҺ͸ġ
¡Ҳˡ
Դĸˡ
ܵܡ
Ʋ׿Ĳֹ㣬ֺǺǵĺһǵӦüͷ΢񴣬ϽջĿ⣬ˣǰߡ
ܿؼ¡ۡ
һһʮؽ
¡ʣϲʿѧ߹˻ӾŻδʱѧãδã
ϲʿر£̫ѧأӷ飬߹˻ӾŻӸһ顣
¡۵ͷ˵ǿɷ
Ƶ
޾÷ˡ¡۵
һ㶡
ǳԣӷʮ飬߹˻ӾŻӸ顣¡۱Ƶ˶Ҫҫһ»ӹùû뵽ĸļһ´ٷӱд
Դ
¡۵ȥɡ
뿪ʱʮһڷһ߲͵żǻһۣȻһʮһӡ
ʮһ̴żˤˤƨɶգӴһӣ֪ǸƵģתͷ͵ǻ
˻ͷʮһͷԡ󣬿ĵܿ
ʮһҲ롸ԡǣСͷԺԡӣһ̧ͷ㶼ˡ
˻صѧʼųѧƪѧþͷѧˡ
˻ӵǻȥɡ
۵ؿƵŵܵܣҰ㳭ɡ
ʼһġ˻ӵ
ãԼƸɴ˵
ǵʣܳ𣿡
ƶ˵ܵģҪģߣǻȥ
ĸʰһ뿪̫ѧ
Ƽ̫󣬱㽫īֽ⡢⡢𻨸⡢÷ţȵȶװϣȻԴߡ
õõá
ոѧǴܻˣȴûпƣԷߣһԺӣƵЦ̺ģ磬


142 СžŸ
ôˣʡ
Ƶ㰡
ɻʣңʱ俴ң
Ʒʣôûʱ䣿
ó𣿡񴳯ߡ
Ƹ棺ô֪Ҫ飿
ѧĳ洦
ƽͣûѧ, ѧҺ߽˸ֹȻȻûаʱѧ, Ըܷġ
߽鷿㻹Ͻ
ʵʵ˵ҳꡣ
񴽫鱾ŵ鰸, ͷƣҳ
, ̫ˣƴʺƨôô˶أ
Ҳ㳭ֱӾܾ
Ĺĵ˵ƭӣ
׵, ˣҺʱƭ㣿
ǰ÷ʱ򣬴Ӧҳģ
Ȼǵ¶ֻǷأæҲԵ, Ǳ鲻ǻ¡
ҲѽƾԼСֺ֣Сձʺ۵ģ۵Ҿͳˡ
ѣˡ
ƼԼ䣺ûе꣬ꡣ
԰㱳С
ƵѾԱȫˡ
㱳һϵ
ɶ
ƾǾó, û뵽ñһ顶ˣͱɣкܿ, ѡһֲر

Ƶұ˰ɣ
ͷȫˡ
Ƶҳдม
ûоܾ
ѣҪģҵıʼӴ
񴿴, С۰װף峺ĲˣһԹɵ, ȴǽƻĲ, ȴƷĿɰ, ̲ס֪ˡ
ǿʼдɡƻ
ȳԷ
ƺȻҴ˺⡢𻨸⡢÷ţ⡣
ʣ¸ҵġ
Цǰ
̹, ޷ܾ, һЦߣԷ
šƵͷ
ٴν鷿
óԼдġѧƪ͵ǰҵ֡
񴿴һۣʴۣǷȱε㣬
дƵ
д䡸Ի֪֪֮Ҳ
̧һѽдһģһ֪Ǹ˲ţģ±ʼ¶ַӸ㶨
˵һģһŷưɣ㱾ǸѧʼȣʿģҲỳ˳д
ٴο佱磬ðѽ
ͻȻ䲻֪ԼǺ»ǻˡ
ƿĵ˵㳭дɡ
㲻дڵš
ƺε˵ٳԵġ
Ȼأ
ƵȻдղʿ˵ģҶûкúдһд㳭дɡ
ɿ࣬Цųֱʳ
Ҳֽ̿ţȻ뵽ӶĿܡȻûѧͰ˻ȥΣ֪ѾѧϰžŸ衣
žŸͶʮһ͵ľžų˷˼࣬žŸǴӾžŰʮһģôʱȽ£ʿǽҲһѧӶԶá
ĺӣȻѧ
ôκžŸ裬Ѿžų˷д˳һӵˡ
ôţðдһ飬úдһ顣
дˣ񴻹ڳ飬ŶĬдˡ
̽һۣѾд絳ƪٶȲ
İĿ䵽ϣһͦΣٿ׵ķɫЩУֳУѽԽԽ
۾Ʋ
ӡֵ
תͷȥ
ֳ͵ƽ
ƾҪˣϽҪȥˡ
׵ȥעⰲȫ
ѵ֪磬Ҫҳ갡
ͷʣô㣿
ͻȻ㣺ԣôң
ʣãû취󹬵ġ
ưСֵеģҶǺҸһ̫ѧģҪǿ϶¶ڵġ
Ȼá¶ڡʶҲ֪˳鲻Ǻ¶һƫƫˣºһЦʣ˵ô죿
ϵ:͵͵
κܶ˶Ǳ¨ϿΣþᡢֽ̨֮ģûоᣬֽ̨ͱʶ̫ѧ棬ֻҪֽͿˣ鷳ĸرÿÿ챳Ž̫ѧ
񴿴һϸͷá
Ƶôؾˣˡ
ͷ
ƸϽܳԷС
̾
ƺܿ͵ϼ
վϼſڣżĴ
Ƹ˵غĸ
Ķȥˣʡ
ƴСҺѳдء
дʡ
ͻȻ˵©ˣˣʵɣ֣һ߽ϼһ߽̫ѧѧȻд¶˵һ顣
֪ƲûѧֻδʱѧãŷҲû´Ҫʱѧá
šƵͷ
ʣд𣿡
ûУսųд
дҲǻ£ǰĸѧʱҲд
šƵͷ
ĸӶ߽´βܻôˣ֪𣿡
֪Ƶ
Цĸԡ˯𡣡
Ҫԡҹˡ
ΪβҪĸԡʡ
ƵеİǰСĸԡԡˣˣñӡ
Ц
һߣԡº󣬻ص᷿˯ڶƣһ·̫ѧܡ
ʲôʡ
ð˵ܵܵġûг꣬ǵøϽѧãųд
߹ʣܵܣ㳭д𣿡
ˡƵ
˻ӵŵܵܣ
˵ˣܿɡ
ĸ˴Ŵ۵糸㣬̫ܵѧſڣ۵
Сƶ߹簡
ʣܵܣô۳
Ӧʣܵģ
߹Ҫܿ㣬ѧó顣
ֻûг갡
ӦǸϽȥ
˻ſſϣҲȥżˡ
ͷЪЪЪЪٽȥ
Ӧ˵ұǽȥɡ
ȰѰ˻ӱ̫ѧֻͷ߹̫ѧ
Ӧ뱧
ĺĵСƶ籧㡣
ҪֱӾܾһתײһˣСһ񴣬쿪̸ֻ첲磬ˣ㱧ҽȥ
ûоܾƱһ̧̫ѧƶߣѾװ
˸綯죬ƿĵصͷţ
ˬ˵СƶΪʲôұ
Ͳ㱧ߣƶ˵ߡ
ĸֳ̫ѧԺѧȥ
תͷ񴡣
ޱ̫ѧԺٴѧȥ
ʣСƶôôˣ
Сƶ˭ãӦ˵뿪
˹°
Եܵܲ°˵Ҳ뿪
վԭͷȻǵȵҡ
һ𾭹ѧá
ѧƴͳдġһģһĵȵ߹˻ӳдϣһ𽻸ϲʿ
ϲʿûʲô飬Ȼ󽻴˺úö飬˼֮ͷͬʱһ絽̫ѧʳóԷʱȥӡ
𣿡ʡ
ûСһɥ
߹ҪıȽ϶࣬Ӧòýսɡ
ţսӵͷ
߹ǾͲüˡ
ɴûˡĲѣӲѧˣԺҪѧˡ
ǾѧƵ
һࣺѧãĻӹЦҡ
˭Ц㣬߹Ƣһˡ
ã侲һ¡
˻ӵ߽㣬Ҫôѽ˵ҪѺá
߹Ƣ
ǿˣڿǸѧԽԽǲѧԱܼ򵥵ģҽ㰡
Ӿȣң᣿
ţ˾˰ҳģȲ˵ˣǳԷԹҽǡܹ̺ӡ
֪ŵܵܵûʲôɡ
ù֮һ׵һ£ƴӿڴóžų˷ǻžŸɣ
һ㣬֪ʲô˼ӵ
˻ӵҲһ㡣
˵Ҳᡣ
ûϵ½ǣСžŸ衣Ƶ
СžŸ裿˵
ʣΪʲôСžŸ裿
ƵΪҾСѽ
ˣ
˻ӵŵܵܣ㿪ʼ̰ɡ
Ƚžų˷һ顣
ӵ;žŸࡣ
ö࣡˻֪žŸģȻᳪ󲿷֣Ǻܶ඼ⲻˣŵܵܵСžŸ裬򵥺öҶˣ
Դǵġ
Ƶһһ˵˼
˵ͷ
һСָһһһһһһ
ס
ָһöһǼ
ӽŵһǶ
߹һ
һġ
˽˵һŵþšƱʣģʲô˼أ
˻ӵ˼
ָͷ
߹һӵָָͷ
ӵģ
Ƶѽ
ʣҪǶ˼
Ƶͷ
ԼҵžŸһоȤ
Ƽһ˷žų˷˶˯
ϿΣڲͬѧô˯һѹΡ
ѧִյһѧСžŸ衣
һѧա
˶֪СžŸ˼ˡ
Ƶ濪ʼС
ӾȵʣСžŸ裿
ƵԣķѾ꣬ÿԱСžŸ衣
Ӳ̫Ըӡ
ƵҶᱳֱ
һʣ֣
ưСžŸֽŵݸˣǿţһ֣űһһһһöһŵþţģʮˣþšžŰʮһ
߹ˡ
ƵűһһһһöģþšžŰʮһ
̾
ƵУ䱳һöģĵðˣһʮžŰʮһ
˶ˡ
˻һݵŵܵܣô
͵ͷ
߹𾪵˵
ƵǱһҲԵģ
˻ӵҿԣ
λŵҲԣ
Ӽܵöԣ粻ԡƺ̫˼֣Ҳԡ
ǺãǿʼɡƵһ־С
˿ʼСžŸ衣
ڶհ˻ӾͻᱳСžŸˡ
߹ˡ
ˡ
ӿ߰˲֪档
ٴθӷһ³˷˳ֽӼӼӼֹգ˶ᱳСžŸˡ
ûг͸ƸһʵϷҪڹꡣ
Сڹܻ꣬شˣƳ̫ѧʳóԷʱͻŻЦһЩѧΧۡ
ӻžŸˣһİ
˿ȥ
ʣ˭
ӵЦĴԽС־
֪ԽǿĹңԾ۸ܱСԽĻҲ̫ѧ۸Сӹ
´־ҲͱӴһӣò󣬵̬ʺܲԵó󣬿Լܺÿﻹҡӣװһεӡ
߹ԣžŸˡ
־ЦЦء
ƽӻЦ𣿡
ʲô˼־ơ
ûӣǲЦƵ
־⻰˵ȤƣޣС㳤úÿ
л佱̹Ȼ
ȤȤ־Ƶ˭
ľŵܵܡƵ
ŶκŻӡ
ԣˡƷǳ֪־ȭ
־С޸ӿɰˣӴ治ɲа
Ʒʣôˣ
δѧӴ־
֪ӲֹһѧˣȻ⣬˵綼ˣ˷ʱΣ뿪Ҳѽ
ŵܵô˵ůůģŵܾܵǾŵܵܣԶɰģ
־ЦСޣǲ֪жɡ
֪۵ص
Ǳ㿴һ־
ѽЦеģһ޺ӡ
־˶̫ϲˡ
ѧҲ׷׿ȥ
Ӧ㺫̽ţΧۡ
־ӣ⣬һУÿÿ˳ͷ˶ٸ
Ӻԥػش𣺡ʮ߸
־΢΢һ㶣ղӾȻԻش⣬һ̫ˣʣһÿĸͷСÿͷպг˶ͷ
ӵʮ
־𾪵ӣɾ͸ģԽϲˡ
̫򵥣̫ˣٳѵġ־ֹһ󣬵мӣһ35ͷһ94ֻţһжֻӢ٣
ӶʱסⳬΧ
߹һۡ
˻㡣
Ҳ֪ûѧ־֪ǵѽӣ̫
򵥣־
ҶᣡƵ
־һ˼ӣ᣿
ǰҲӴ̺ǿ䡣
־ŵ˵֪𰸶٣
ʮֻʮֻƵ
־һ㶣޻شô졣
ѧǷ׷׾̾
ӦСŵܵô
ܺũ˾˴򽻵ǿ
ͷ
񴵭ЦЦ
ƵҺǺһѧϰҲһѧϰ
־Կһۡ
ͦţһҺӡ
Ƶô⣬棬Ҹһȡ
־ΪССľŻӣҲʲô
ƵʣÿֵֻǮĸÿֵֻǮֻСһǮһǮȥһֻٹĸСѽ
־һ¡
Ӧ˼
ʣӣ᲻
ᡣ
񴰲ؿߡ
־һĿҲͻƿڣͺߵͬһֹ㡣
΢ȴһ£ʣûС
־㡣
ЦеĿ綼֪Ӵ


143 Сƶ
ӵԣ
ܣ־ͬѾĿѶ, һʱ㲻ӿ
ƿӣ, ˵
ӵִ𰸡
ƺеصһ֡
ӵֻ, ĸʮֻ, Сʮֻ
Ƶڶ֡
ӵֻ, ĸʮһֻСʮһֻ
Ƶ֡
ӵʮֻĸֻСʮֻ
΢Цſ־𣿡
־Ͻ֤, ̣ͬȷȷƵ֪𰸵ġ
ѽƵ𰸵ģûԻ㲻ѽ
, Ӯ־ҧгݵ˵꣬ﻹǲԼӣǰС, Ҽ⡣
ѽ˿µġ
߹Ͱ˻Ҳе
־Ŀ
, 򵥵ӻشѵͲźۼػش𣬸־ӵʵˮƽ, ܿ־ͣ
δѽ
ӵһԴ𡣡
˵ȴš
ǴЦ
ʳѧǱǿֵ, û뵽ƺһһش־ϯ, ȷ, Īزˬ, ̾ڴκͬʱս
־ѾͿ⣬ʵûĿߵͬҲûˡ
û뵽ڱôˣ벻޾ŻҲôǿˬôģ
ƵǻСžŸѽ
ʲôСžŸ裿־ʡ
ӵҾŵܱܵСžŸ裬һһһһöġ
ӻþš
߹һʮһʮ
ʮʮ塣˻ӵ
һһ䣬ذСžŸ
Χ۵ѧѧǾøȤ
ѧѧǾСžŸϿڡ
ѧѧһˡ
˶ȤŨŨؿˡ
־ɫһһССľŻӾȻ԰ѾžŸ޸ĵ׶ѹһеܹشô⣬ﷳ꼫ˣκζתͷߡ
ˣĵ˵
öˣ߹
˻ӵʵ⣬;ŵܵܶشˡ
;ŵܵʵģش𲻳
תͷĴָ磬ˣ
ոһѧСžŸ裬ѧȤĿԴ־ʱЩ޴룬ͷš
ƵԺҪѧϰม
صͷš
ѧˡ
߹˻Ӹŵԡ
ӵҲѧ
Сѣˡһģѧ߹̸
šƵ
߹ͷл˵
ѧõӣʣСžŸд𣿡ѧӿơ
Ƶͷš
̱ܽ̽𣿡ѧʡ

ѧͳһݸƵ壬óЧ͸㡣
ΪѧСžŸ裿ʡ
žŸ̫ѣѧãѧСžŸ衣ѧӴκŴﵽزžŸʵѣСžŸͼ׶ѧһѧԺع԰Ÿˡ
ãҽ㡣ƵҲҪ塣
ΪΣ
žŸ豾ѧϰݣǴκȻҪ̻ǡκ̫ѧѧϰ֪ʶٽĻҲԴ÷չϣЩѧѧ汾£عκκɸ˲źСǮǮ
ѧϲõŻǴκĺûӡ
Ƶͷţ
ѧӱȭл
Ƶ
ѧӸ˵Ĳ֪룬ȻСƤѩףüĿ£·ﾫĵһ㣬ǳһֲִڣһᣬƯĸոպã̲סŻӣ㳤ÿ
ƵҲҺÿ
ѧЦоƲÿȤ
˿ʼ̺ѧСžŸ衣
ѧõѧǿ󣬷׷ӿ̡
ʳһӱѧá
ˣϽȺﻤ׵ܡ
Ӧ뺫Ҳȥ
ż⣬Ӧ˵ܵû¶ǲҪˣ̫ˡ
Ӧ뺫ûж
Ӧŵܵϲ
ĵСžŸ裬ͦõġ
ӦЦСʹܴ˾ϲ
еС
ӦԿ
͵ҵ˼뷨
Ӧͷ
񴣬ȨƵģСƶǵĵܵܡ
Ҳȥˡ
ˡ
ԲԷˣӦʡ
ԣߡ
ȥˡ
˻æš
ۿԽԽ࣬ƶҪԲϷˣǲҪҪȥԷɣһҰСžŸдʾǽϣһ𿴺òã
Ҫѧӵʡ
һԣ׷Ƶ
Ǿ鷳Żˡѧӵ˵
鷳鷳ȥŰɡưֵ
ѧӵȥԷ
˵Ժʿ
ɵܵܣҪСžŸʾǽ
Ƶͷʣ磬Ҫдһݸ㡣
ҲãһѧõѧӣѾѾžŸ͸ˡҲûôҪСžŸˡ
Ҳǡ
ѯʵĴ󲿷ֶѧúѧõѧǣƵ磬𣿡
ûС
һ𰡡
á
ƲҪ򷹣͸˵ǰ͸һţһŵ񴣬뺰һ𣬽Ժˡ
ˣ͸ţ˯дСžŸ裬Ȼ̫ѧǰԺĸʾǽ
ĸ˰СŸʾ
˻ӵʾ̫ˣϰ
߹ΣҲûʾǽı߶
ʣô죿
˻ӵȥɡ
߹Ӧã
ƵҲΪеƤѧ˺һЩʾ̫⽫ʾλõĸ߸ߵģ˵߲ȵϲȥ
ô죿߹ʡ
ʿҪϿˡ
˻ӵǸϽѧãȻҪˡ
ơžһǽһܽѧ
ո߹СܵܣҺ񿴵ˡ
˻ӵͷ϶ǵģ
ƺͷ
СӣʿΡ
ûһбƳ¡ۺ̫Ӱ
̫Ц£㿴ŻǶ氡
¡۵ͷ
̫ŻԴǴγ֮ر̿ѧϰ
¡ˣȥӹ
̫ǡ
¡۱߱ʣѧ𣿡
Ӻ߻Ӧѵϰ̫ӵ¡ӺͺСӴʱӦϰգĻӹѧджȻ̫ѧѧڶ̫ܹ࣬עȻǴκѧӡ
¡۵ͷãȥ
ǡ
¡ۺ̫˹һȦ̫ѧһֱѧúѧöѧˡ
¡һȥȰѧÿһˣȺӡˣ̫˼ǰߣ̧ۿʾһȺˣееĶţеֱſڵϣﶼֽʣڳдʲô
ʲô¡ʡ
̫һ㶣ְ֪
ȥ¡۵
ĵµҪУϼݡ
𺰣ȥ¡۴ǰߡ
̫ϡ
վһȺѧӵΧԴȥʲôûп
¡ۿ̫
ֹ̫һ䣺̫ѧʾǽ
¡ʣڿʲôдʲô
̫һѧʣڸʲô
ѧӵСžŸ衣
ʲôСžŸ裿
ѧӽ͵ǾŻӱСžŸ裬ȾžŸö衣
̫ĸŻӣ
κŻư
¡һϽǰ
ûڸʾǽϿκ¸ʾڸʾǽ·һֽдšСžŸ衹ĸ۵Ĵ֣һ۵С֣ǡκŻдһɰСƶ
ֵʣСƶдģ


144 
û, ְʶŻӵıʼ̫עҪƵʦͻСΪɾܾ, ֻա
дʲô¡ʡ
̫ʵʵ˵ְ֪
¡¿һСžŸ, ;žŸһ, ôʼ, ˼ȷϿڣѹЩѧǻ׻ſĳд
㳭𣿡
ˣȥҾͱ
ҶѾˡ
ô죡
׶, Ȼˡ
ԺҾͲˡ
κŻȻܹдôɵѧϰ衣
κ˲żüãŻҲΪˡ
ɲ
ѧǵ¡۵ĶУĲˣҲȥרĳдѧˣ뿪ǽ, ̫߳ѧڸǲסЦ⣬ﶼǶƵͣź̫˵˼仰, 졣
ȲȰ, һۿȻԵõ̫̫ѧˣĸꡣ
ϲѽƵ
, ϲ̫ơ
¡ЦЦ, ̫ǰС, СžŸʲô˼
ƵСľžŸ谡
̫󲻽ʣʲôСžŸ裿
ƽ͵ĸ, ǾžŸ, ǾžŸ̫ѣǱãϲˣȻҾͰѾžŸһģĳСžŸˣͻᱳˡ
̫ᱳˣ
šƵͷ
ô̫Ҳ֪Ӳڴˡ
¡۵ƶСžŸ豳̫
Ʊ㱳г
̫޵ãͨ׶ֲӻᱳˣĵ̫ˣ
ƵţöѧӶء
ƶԵСʿˣ̫ԺĲˡ
ƵûеСʿҾдһСžŸ裬ʾǽϣѧǿѧѧѧѧ㡣
¡۲廰Ϊβһ㣿
Ұѽҹšоݡ
¡۵˰𣿡
ƽ͵ҪϿˣҲϽѧãҪ
¡һһЦ̫ĸ֪СžŸǽһȺѧǶſǶд
̫ЦȻʣСžŸôܻӭ
ҲԾ
¡۵ͷûںܶѧӶƶ
ʲôʡ
˵߹˻ӺʹԽСӱ¡۵
¶̫ȡ
Ƶͷǰ
̫Ƶôûͻĸ˵
Ƶ˵
ƽ龭˵̫¡
̫˴Цƶб¡
¡ҲǷǳģʱκѧ෽涼ѹƣĶŮһһǿ涼ܴܴԽСӣǳ˵ɲѧӣ֪κŻӡ
ƶֵá̫˵Ĳˡ
¡۵ͷ޾СžŸܺã׼ӡˢÿѧѧһݡ
̫ԣܹѧϰ
¡۵ͷ
̫ƶˡ
Ƶͷ
¡ۿƣӮ˴ԽСҲһ׮£ͣ˵ɣҪʲô
ҲֱӵҪһ档
¡۲ʣʲô棿
Ƶ̫ѧʳһ档
ʲô
ƻش𣺡Եİ׬Լġ
¡ۺ̫
¡ۿʣʲôԵģ
Ƶöö࣬ϰ塣
¡Ц
̫ƵССԡ
¡۵ʱ
ʱеģƲԼ㣬̫ѧʳõĹǸѽӾС
¡˼
ƽŵҳףˣĺúóԣ̫ѧѧǶ򰡣׬öˣҽ˰˰ģȻѧҲ֪̫ѧкöóԵģǾ͸ϲκˡκҪĻҲʳ
¡Ҳ뵽ⷽ棬ÿС
̫
Ƶըۣ˿
¡۵ô
ũ˾˺öѽƵ
̫ʣũ˾ֶһˣ
Ƶͷ
¡Цũ˾Աͬţǵĸ
Ǿǡ˿ǫ顣
̫Ǿ͸ƶһ棬Ĳþջ
Ƶá
ͷ񸮸׼һ
ԼӣƲٺ»ʹͣйĽǺǮġ
¡ۺ̫ȻΪٺ»
ƽŵһԼӣǲҪҿม
¡ۺ̫֪ڵĻ£ͲԶԷظ൱ɣҲֹƿꡣ
¡ۺȿڲˮʣ治Ҫ޸ӣ
ƼᶨҪ
¡۷²У㿪ĺã޾Ͳ㡣
ƵĲãԼͲˣ˷СǮǮ
ô˵ˣ޺̫һ¡
ϲõãҵȸʺϢ
¡۵ͷ
ƿĵһϼˡ
޺һ𡣡ôĶӣ¡ʵ̫ˣ
Ӷ˱Ǳ̫
Ƹ򳵣¡죬š
һϼһţһʳ֮ƻص᷿оԼ꣬˱˯
ڶؽ̫ѧһѧãյͬǵĿ⣬λԶԶؿλһ˸ߵС
ƴһ¡
߹ʣʲô
ô࣡Ͱ˻Ӹ̾
ѧõѧ͸Żӵġͬ
Ϊʲôͣ߹
Ϊ˻ᱳСžŸ裬ˡһͬ
л񰡡
ƿʣ˭͵ģ
ûһ֪ͬ˭͵ġ
ǰ򿪿˿и㣬иɹңóȵȺö࣬ʲôƷǶġ
ô죿߹ʡ
ƻû˵ѧһһͦòĲ˼գддڰֽд仰ѧſڣǡҲҪлͣҾˣ
Ȼǩ
ѧֱκŻӹڿɰҲĲлˡ
һ
˻ʣЩлô죿
߹Ҳ˵ġ
ţƵ
ҲԣǶѧСžŸ裬ŵܾܵ⣬Ҳɡ
Ҳûмأ֪˭͵ģҲһȥˣһѧǷˣҲʮܵܣʮһܺʮһݣܶࡣ
ͷ
˻ӵлŵܵܡ
߹ͻȻ뵽ʲôĵˣϢϰգȫѧˣǿԺúõ
˵ͷ
ĸΣѧϰܿ
һȺѧǿĵܡ
˰л񶼷ŵСʱ׼뿪㡢Ӧͺк񴡣
˿ʼ
߹
Ҳˡ
˵С֮󣬰л
˶õˡ
˸˺һһһߣŸոߵһ䣬Сӡ
ʮܵʮһܺʮܡ
߹ʮܵܣʮһܣʮܣ
Ÿ磡Ÿ磡ʮһ˷ܵغѧ
Ƴʮһߣڸʲô
ʮһܵߣСƵСֵŸ磬ҼѼ
ŶƽʮһϷ
㿴ҩкʮһߵ¡
ƿʮһǰҽƹߣҩССƿȵȣӦǹרģʣŵܵܣ̫ҽ
ѼҾϵ̫ҽʮһԱߵʯͷϣŸ磬Ҹ
Ƽʮһºܸߣ£һ档
ʮµС
·ȵʮԱ߿š
߹Χۡ
ʮһСָƵϣҲ֪Ķѧ룬С°ʹһһģšСüͷһ̫ҽ
ʣ̫ҽΣ
ʮһģصͷ·ϿԼļ飬ȻϲŻӣϵϲ
ͬʱ꡹һ


145 㷢Ǯ
ߡ
ʮһӳԼĿҽ, ϵϵ˫̥
Ц
Ƶʮһӣ˫ͷ
ʮһӼֵ˫̥
ӹҽĶѧЩ
ʮһʵش𣺡̫ҽ˵ģ
뵽¡ۻмδĺӡ֪ʮһʲôʱģͼסˣõ, ЦˣǸӹҽӹҽ
ʮһӷҲϵӹҽ
ӹҽ
ҡŸ, ӹҽϵ˼ʮһͻȻʡ
㡢𿪣ưʮһƵһ, վ
ʮһʣŸ, Ķ
¶ߵ˸ǰ
˼ƺʮһ̫ɰЦˡ
صЦ
˱š
⿴һۡ
ϽЦݣһҺ޹ӡ
ߵǰʮһܣҪˡ
ʮһСһ
򳵵һϼˡ
ʮһӸϽ׷Ÿ磡Ÿ磡ȵѼ
ʮӺʮӸϡ
վԭء
񴿴ƵıӰЦЦ, Էߡ
Цŵ٩һԹĸ
ܿصϼ󣬿ʮһΧơ
ƸʮӺʮӷ
ʮһӰʣŸ磬ҵأ
Ƶ˵˲㡣
ʮһһɻʣΪ
ӹҽƵ
ҲϵӹҽʮһӸոѯʮӣ֪ӹҽҽõˡ
ʣʲô
ʮһӳʵҸҽѼ
Զԡ
ʮһŸ, Ժ˵ϲҲ˵˫̥òã
ʮһ峺Сһûˣá
ʮһһ¿ˡ
ʣҪʲô
ʮһӵҶҪѼ
θͦ, Ƶ, ͸һԵİɡ
ǺðȡŸ綼ˣʮһҲˡ
ƴѡһţ, Ҳ֪ĸѧ͵, ͦ, ̧͸ʮһӡ
ʮһóһҧ
ʣó𣿡
ӲѼʮһӳҧš
ƵҧҧͲӲ, ˡ
ʮһӵͷ, רſţɡ
ưյһ飬ﻹкַָܶ࣬㡢ʮӡʮһӺʮһݣˡ
һɣˣˡ
Ÿ磬Ҳšʮһӵ
ʮӵŸ磬Ҳ
ңҲʮʱҲֻ˵֡
Ƶû׼ǵŰ
ʮһӵù˻ȥá
̫鷳ˡƵǻǻȥŰɡ
ʮһӰСֵ鷳鷳;ŸһԣҺ;Ÿһԡ
ƺܾûʮһţӦˡ
ʮһӿġ
ûһʮһ˵Ÿ¡һˡ
¡ۼ״ʣô¶
ƵʮһҲҪš
¡ϲһѺõӣǾһš
Ƶͷ
¡۳ߣֶסˣƶѾ̫˵̫ѧʳõ¶
̫ô˵ƸϽʡ
¡۵˵ʰһ£պһ档
лʡ
¡۵ͷȥ
ƿĵʮһ¡һΧһԷʮЩʳӹӣҨһ߲˷ʮܣʳӴ
ʮԡ
ưӻˡ
˽ι
ʮֲˡ
ٴνӹӣҨһ߲˷ʮӡ
ʮһ³ˡ
ƿЦãֻüιʮӡ
ʮһӼ״죺
㰡ʲôƿʮһŴʡ
ʮһӽ͵ιѼŸ磬
תͷιʮӣԼԡ
ϵ㶼ιʮ
ʮܻС
ҲСʮһӵһϵСء
ƵǸ磬иӡ
ʮһһ̲ˣӣԹԵسǰķˣֹСʮһϵ磬Լļιļ
ʮĬֽʮһɢ֭
Ц
Ƽвˡ
¡ؿƵһۡ
һᡣ
źƵһʮһ˻Ըȥƴϣ§˯
ô˯ʡ
Ƶ˯ɡ
ƶûʲôӵëû˵ʲôˣһŴ˯š

ʣܵܣ˯ú𣿡
ãҪȥȰĸ밲ƱߴЬӱߵ
ô죿㿴ŴϺŵʮһˡ
󣬿ңͿԼˣй˿ǣ¶ġƴЬӡ
ͷ
ϴϴСŵСϣͳһƻ߿б߶ԴȥȰ

ţȰ̫˵ʳõ¶
̫˶𣿡̫ʡ
ûСƵͺˣ׼һ¡
׼ʲô
׼װһµѽ
㻹
Ҳᣬĸѽĸһ׼ѽԴѧ̫żģҲŸ̫Ҹ¶̫ĲͬȤ
Ȼ̴̫Ӧãĸһ׼
׼̫ϣϱīֽ⣬ȻʳõĵͼϣŤŤģ߻ߺ̫ܡ
̫Ľζ
ʣĸӺòã
÷ųӡ̫
ƵͷӿԷźö˲ˡ
ԣԷſڹ
÷żڹء
ԡ
˰겼úˣȴƻʲôһЦ밲ˣ˱ѵ沼ֻ
̫ԡ
ƵͷԣӸ
Ҫ̫ʡ
ƵȻҪȻѧǣôסǴκʳأ
̫ͷеʲôأ
κƺԥػش
̫һƣֲС
ܵܣҪҪȡһ֣
ߺ͹ѣͨףƵκֱϣȻǻعôǴκѽ
̫һ
Ƶͽдκ
̫һӦ
Ƶøʸд
̫Ц㵹ǻʹˡ
д˵ǿ϶ζʱ϶öģƵҾͿ׬öء
ԶԶԣ˵öԡ̫󲻵˵ĶԣҾ۾Ʒɰ̲סͰ§ڻƶӾǺʹ
Ƶͷţջüææˣæ
̫С˵ӣġ
ƽŵĸҲҪæ
̫ʣҪæʲô
װ
ʲôף
κĲףҪгۣըȵȡ˵Ҫม
̫Цõģ˾ˡ
׬ˣҸ㷢Ǯ֣ص˵
̫ͷһ˵̫ǮģЦ
̫̲סСһڣҵСôôɰ
ƾ붺̫ĵģĸҪม
úúá̫Ӧ
Ʊ̫԰ӡ
ڶ첻ϿΣ˯Ȼһ飬ոţʮһ˾͹ˡ
Ÿ磡ʮһӺ
㿴ơ
Ƶ֪ҽղϿΡ
ͷ
УҽҪæ档
ô죿
磬ţ͵͵ߡ
룬ͷȻǰӭʮһˡ
Ͻ෿ӴȥȻ͹ŵسϼߡ
ŵӰǰʮһӴ󺰡Ÿ磡ϵŸ磡Ÿ磬ƸϽܳϼ󣬷ɿ򳵣

˸ܡ
ʮһܳʱ˺ԶŸ磡
ЦŻ֣ݰݣ
Ÿ磬㻵
ӣũ˾
һţũ˾˾ӭӡ
Żӣũ˾˾Цݣˣ
˾һϢ
ũ˾˾ʣʲôӣ


146 ж
ƵͿԻӰ
ũ˾˾ְ
Ʊ߱ߵҪũ˾
Դֺ, ũ˾һȺоҪֳʱûгʲôЧ, ũ˾ʣ
ũ˾˾Ҫֲʱ, , Գô, ˼ӴֲԴۡ
ũ˾ﲻдкֻۣܶũ˾˾֪Ƶͼ, ʣŻӣΪҪ
Ҫꡣƽκ¶˵һ顣
ũ˾˾΢˼һ£̶ϲŻ˴ţ˾ٲũ˾, κʳ
ר칫ǰû
ũ˾˾Ĵָ
ʣ˾ͬˣ
ũ˾˾˵Ⱥ£Ȼͬġ
ƵѾͻĸŪװΣҲ˹ˣĸѾд˵, Ƕ۵ļ۸ɡ
ũ˾˾һС, Ƹǰ
ֽʿʼд֡
ũ˾˾ŻӵԽÿˡ
Ƶдö࣡
ũ˾˾ȻͬţһɳһΪߵο, ǴЦؿд֡
ƵǮһأ
ũ˾˾ʣŻӾöٺʣ
Ʒʣ˾أ
ŻΪأũ˾˾Ҳ֪Ǯʡ
˾, ְۼ۸
ʱѾȥһʱ, ũ˾һȦ, ȷʵûʲô, ũ˾˾˾һȥˡ
Żߡũ˾˾
Ƴũ˾򳵣źȻСʮһ̧ͷһǰʯǰվˣԱСӣʮһ
Ÿ磡ƣʮһ˷ܳƱ
վű𶯣Сĳײ㣡Ƶ
ʮһվԭֱŸ磡׷
СͣʯǰƲʣ׷ң
ţǴϼһֱ׷
ƻͷһũ˾ķȻϼũ˾ԶҲʱɡ
ʮƺƵɻǱ׷ġ
ʮһӵͷš
ƿЦã׷ࡣ
ʮһŸ˵ʲô²³˼ˣ·ߺö໨档
ʮӵСҰ
ʮһӸŵһ⬴̣
ʮӾ⬣
⬴̣
⬡
ʮһӲʮˣǴǶȡԻľʶŸ磬˵ϵ
ƵǴ⬡
һ˵ʮһӾͷˣһϡ
ʮӽӻƣ
ʮһӵлУưƨ棡
ƺʮһʮһʣʲôưƨ棿
ʮһ룬͵ϵưƨ氡
ûн͡
ʮһ˼һ£ȻСָʮӵıϱ߸ưƨѼһء
ɣʮʡ
ʮһӵͷ
룬ʣǺɫ㣿
šʮһӦ
ư档Ƶ
ʮһӻԣϵưƨ棡
ʮӺ˼ҽư档
ôҲû취ѡư桹͡ưƨ桹ϵһư˻ʮһӸɼܡ
ʮһӽŵлС
ϳ˵ǻȥƵ
ʮһ˳ʮӻ棬̺ʮһ𣬷ǳֱذʮӱ򳵡
Ƶǳˡ
ʮһӴ
ʮӺʮһʮһӣ·˵㷢ʲô񾭡
ʮһӾǸ˵Ĳˡ
ûһϼ
ʮһϷԷ˯ʱʵڲСʮһȰȰȸͣˣ˵һ͵͵ܳ󹬣ܵķԷһ磬Ȼصϼ
ڶȥϿΣһȺͬ໶飬̫ܵѧʳʱһȺСžŸ衣
СžŸĺ
ô˵
ѾᱳˣǳɵؾͱȾžŸ̫ˣ
˵ʵҲˣЩ⣬Ҷд
Ĳʿո˵ӡˢһݡ
ǺܶѧѾȥʾǽдˡ
ÿ˫ͦѽһشҾʹȥܵöһ
κŻ
˵Ͳʲôġ
ۣŰ
ѽһõѽƸоԼƮƮģƮһлҶԼͷţߵʳһǵꡣ
Ĺڰ̫˼װΣһػصѧüѧϰʱʱһ´κĸȡ
Ժ󣬴κװϣ롢ư衢۵ﶼѾλĸʳùѾһо͵Ƶһˡ
ƶʲôʱţ̫ʡ
硣Ƶҿ˻ӡ
̫ͷǾ翪š
ţĸ׬ӣ͸㷢Ǯ
̫һЦˣãĸǮ
Ƶͷ
̫ʣҪҪĸʲô
Ƶãжˡ
ж
ǲСκжвУָڽϹϣտ˹̧ۻѹ۶ĲˣƾҪѧǳʳ
̫Цƶܵ
ţǶ֪ҿˣһţǾͻԡƽЦǶӵӴ
СԣӶ׬
׬˿򸸻ʽ˰ĸǮ
̫Цüۡ
̫һصϼ󣬰ѿŵĲ趼ˣڶյ̫ѧÿμʱ䣬ܵᣬ֪ͨǣһҪκš
ǶӦˡ
ƿֵػصѧãγ̽һ̫ܵѧʳã߹Ͱ˻
Ƶκԡ
˵ͷ
Ÿ磡ȻһСǻ
һ̫ѧʳſ̽һСԴ
ʮһܣ߹
ʣôˣ
˻һ
ʣôģ
˻ӵǺ͸һİɣ
ϵ˵ҪʮһӵҾʾʹ
˻ǰһסʮһӵ죬СͣҪ˵ŵܻ֪ܵʳ
Ϊʮһ
һĲãѧǲϲԣŵܵܶûӰ˻ӵ¡˲ܸߴңŵܵϰ塣
ʮһ˻һĽ߽ͣŸ˿ȵȣϲԵģ̵Ҫ
˻ʮһʵңŲ֡
ʮһ໽УҪԣҪը
𺰡˻ӱʮһӣûа취ס졣
ʮһӾغУҪըúóԣ
˻Ȱʮһܣ𺰣
ǰ÷ѧǣһۿ˻ӻʮһؿŵҪҪóԵ
ѧǲؿ¿Ĵκ
ôó
ͬʱжҲˡ
ӵʹŵܵܲ˵Ҳ
ͷ
Ӧ롢ӡ߻ߵſڡ
Ҳˡ
Ȼ߸жŴκǰѧӣ˲ס


147 ͯ
ʲôʡ
ҡͷ, ʾ
㵵ʣе𣿡
߻ӽӻӦòҪ˰ɡ
öŶӵ
񴿴ס
߸ܴš
磡磡ˣƴȺм
ŵܵܡӼ˺
ܵܣö
Ƹ˵صͷš
ǵ𣿡ӵ
ꡣСָ촽Ҫñ֪ҹУѾҪˡ
ΪΣ߻ʡ
ΪѧѾŶմ, һԽԽѧʳ
ֻҪһ, ûܹӵõ̼ˮըʳħצ, Ʋٰж
ΪʲôǶŶˣӲʡ
ΪʮһܡСָԱߡ
Ա߰˻ӽرʮһ, ʮһӿźҪĿ˲ҪǺε˼ζ
ʮһҲǲУʡ
ЦǣȲ󡣡໼ɤ, ѧһģκˡ
Цŵͷ
ƵǲŶˣʲôͳʲôɣ
ӵͳԲˣ
ƵǵŶˡ
ӿܶǰ棬ʣܲ𣿡
ܣƼᶨ
ϵѽ
ƼֵҲС
ҲͲ߹ϵ, ѧٻԡ
Ƶͷ
ȥĵ÷
ŵС
Ƶ磬Ű
ˡ
ðɣŶ, ȥʮһˡƵ
ͷ
ߵ˻ӺʮһӸǰ
˻ڵԾɱʮһӡ
ʮһѲ, ѹغţһƣίˣŸ硣
˻֡
Ÿ硣ʮһ§Ƶ, , ؿ˸ϵ, , ס, ҳ˸ϵ
ԣ˸ǻưʮһӡ
Լˣʮһӿ޵ĸˣء
ʮһԴˡ
ޡ
ˣȥ
ʮһֹͣʣԳ𣿡
ȻԡʮһӵֵߣŸ
šʮһӿĵͷ
ְ˸ˡ
Ϊ
˸ҲΪþŸú
ʮһգ۾ơ
ƵôС໽ŶӣѧˣˤˣǴˣ԰˸Ǻĵġ
ʮһϵ˸粻ҳ
õģ㿴ŸҪûš
ʮһתͷ˻ӣ˶ڵϣ˸ľҡ
԰ȡʡ
ʮһӿŰ˻ӵͷ
ǰŸءһ͸ʮһ
ʮһӵš
ԭɡ
áʮһǸǳģοŸ綼˵˰˸ĺûŰ˻ӣ˵˸磬ԭ
˻һЦҶл㡣
šʮһӵŸ磬߰ɡ
˸磬÷ƻ
߹ǰѾڷͷը˿ۡһЩˡ
ۣöԵİʮһӾ̾
ʮһܣϺ࣬һ
ҪҪŸʮһӵ
ҺȿˮƵ
ʮһӹԹǰ
պˮϸظʮһӲ֡
Ʋ״Ķ飬곤ѧ˵
κʲô
óԵģ
öŶӳ԰
Ҳȥһɡ
볢
ŶӰǸųһ˵Ժһ㡣
Ҳһɡ
ԿŶ񴣬֪ڸ⣬첲磬ߡ
Ƹǰ
Ƶ磬л㰡
лʲôʡ
ָѧǵܶѧΪ㣬ŶӰ
ЦΪԣŶӡ
ôæˣҾл㰡
ЦЦҽܡ
ţ԰ɳ԰ɡƵ
Ҳԡ
Ƶ˵ͷ÷ûһ̧ͷܹ۲졣
ܶѧѾõʳըִ࣬˿ˬڣˬиζ̫ѧʳһõһڿ佱
Ӱκζ
óԣ
ըպǴ׽óԵģ
ҴûгԹôóԵʳ
ˬ
ҵζʮ㣬ۿܶζġ
ϲԴ˿
ʲô޵ʳ̫óˡ
ҵĹû
Ҫȥﳢһ
ҲҪ
ܹ򣿡
һʴκˣ
̹̲סһͷԵСӹĹĵģóŰ
ʳ˯
Ƶͷš
ˡ
ټ
ˡ
˴Сʮһ̫߳ѧʳá
¡ۺ̫鿴һȺ
¡ûн̫ѧʳãվſڿһۣκǰѧŶӣؿơ
ưС°͵Ϻˡ
¡ǴЦֻǵһա
Ժⶼã̫ѧʳõġ
ã޵ſ
š
¡ЦŴʮһ뿪
ȥݡ
ڶʳãκǰѾ顣
߹Ŷˣ
˻ӵĺϲ
ͺúóԣûܹܡ
Ƶͷ
ÿգֻҪѧǲż٣κʳܻӭ꣬ÿ۶ơ
ũ˾ۿžҪӦȥɹ˲ۡ
ЩϢ˴κ̫ѧ
ܿظ̫ѧʳöһ꣬κκκȵȣ룬κṩһЩҵλ
Ƶ֪󣬴Ϊġ
һչȥתۼͽ＾ˣһˣκ̫ѧҲڣҲڣ̫ѧ̫ѧһЩ˽ӶҪżһңũæ
ƺ߹˻Ϊѧӣǰһż٣ȵũ˾һˣȻȰؽ
һװȰϣһһߡ
¡۲ʣĸƶǰЩ˵
̫̫ѧʳðɡ
¡˼ô̫࣬ѧʳװ𣿡
װ𣿡̫ʡ
װ¡¡۵
˵Ķ̫ղû˿ʣĸһˡ
ȥһ¡
̫Ҳȥɡ
ĸҲҪȥ̫ѧƽʱ̫󶼲Ըڹġ
̫ţƶ̫ѧˣһûȥء
¡۵ͷ߰ɡ
̫ѧſڡ
¡Ȼ̫
˸һվׯµ̫ѧſڣСɽƵһľ塣
ǿдʲôֻһ̫ѧѧӴ˷߹һСȻͰ˻װǰӣӡ
̷ǳ
¡ۺ̫ʲôǺǰߣڿľϣŤŤдŵݡκŻݴǮʮۣͯ


148 İ
¡ۺ̫һ
¡۵ǾȻ̫ѧſ̫ҲǿЦá֣¡۲õѾŻǸ޽й
ĵµӦǡ
š̫
¡۲׿̫󣺡ĸ, ҪСš
̫̫ѧſڵ㿴ôѧӶΧƶǽй, ѧô죿
¡ʣĸ֮ǣ
̫Եһ, ꡣ
¡¡ʣ޻Ҫꣿ
㿴, ĺܿġ
¡ۿСɽƵ, ۿɼر١
̫ǱһʯǱߵһȡ
¡۲鲻Ըظ̫Աߵͤɵæµ
ܿ, СɽƵˡ
غҪżһ򵽵ģԵһ£
¡ۿ̫ĸûСţ˵һ, һ
̫ˡ
¡۵޷ˣ
̫ԲҲѡ
¡ʣô̫ѧſ
̫룬ͷȷʵһ㲻ס
ǼΪף¡ֱضˡ
иӦؿ
¡֡
˹
̫ɡ
վС塣
¡̫ŷĸС϶ģǴаģСǰһմС, Ĺĵ, ¡ۿʼʣװʲô
Сʣʣ˵𣿡
¡۲ơ
ƵӣǸո׬ӣ
׬öࡣ
߹Ǻϲ
˻ӵͷš
ǻ˵¡
һ
Ƶǲ¡ۣҲСԴ
˭⣿¡ʡ
˲˵
϶СţȻѧӹС, ȴ, ¡ƶƵ⡣
ƵСԴ
¡۶ƵԴʣΪʲô̫ѧǰ
ƻصΪѧҪѽ
߹ѽ, ҵܵ, ֪ܾܵǴκϰ, ϲκˡ
û㡣¡۵
߹
¡ۼ֪֪̫ѧׯ֮أŪһſڣʲôӣ
ƵׯأҲҪԷѽ
¡۵ѧϰġ
ûеѧϰտʼ٣̫ѧ˵оݡ
¡ѹŭ㻹Ҷ졣
Ҳˡͷɥӡ
̫һ¾ˣʵۣƶǻСЩҲûʲôҲǿ̫ѧ٣Ҫѧӣô˻ŴκزعҲһҴκǺ¶
ָȰûŻ̫ͱµĽ̵£ĶǴκ˴̫ѧſƲأҲûл˹ذ
̫ӻҲû˸ǣ̫ѧſڲ
ֵͷ
¡ȥֵ̫ĻˣúֺЦǣ´βȻǽ̫ѧǰ̫ѧǰ̶ʲôӣ
˵ͷ
¡ĵµ˻һ
¡ʣ£
ѧںŻӡ
¡Կ̫ѧſڣ̫ѧſһСɽƵһȺѧںơ
ɴˣѧӶǶأҲǰ׵ȡ̫˵ĺܶԣƶҲûлأе㶪ˣǶԴκȷʵкô
һǰĸޣ˾Ͷ˰ɣȥˡ
һϲ
ƵҲȥ
¡۲ʣΪΣ
ƵҸո˵˲ˡ
¡۵ȥ
ҲȥƹŤСӣģɰˡ
ΪΣ
ңһ
¡ˣһˡ
̫״Ķˣ޲ð§ڻһס
޲ˡ¡ᡣ
Ʋ
ȥ
ȥƵ
ģɰֺ棬¡۲鲻Ҳ
¡Цҿޡ
Ӯˡ¡۵һˣƣ޸ող㣬ǾһĻӣ̫ѧߺ档
ʲô棿ƹʡ
¡޸棬̫ѧǰԺкܶ𣿡
š
ٸһ䣬伸ˣרŸԺѧʲôʱʱ׬Ӷģ޲Ҫ˰вУ
Ʋ䣺ۡ
¡۴󷽵ԣڿȥ˰ɡ
šȻͷڸǲסЦ⡣
ȥɡ
תͷ˵ߡ
˵ͷ
̫ܵѧſڼ
̫תͷ¡۵αָոһ
¡ҲԼӦóưɫԺҪȥ壬һͼˡ
̫ˡ
ˣΪ˴κãҲˣ̫һæµģ
ͻȻԺУĺǺЩȲֵĹС㶼һֿԺʹ󳼴һŮˣôţͿ˹
ʣĸĸ޺
ˣ̫ʡ
ţҪѧǣˣǶǴؼҵģũ˾кܶŵ̫ѧʳúǰԺġƵԺ̫ѧſ
¡۵ͷ
Ƶǻȥɡ
¡۵ĸҪ̫ѧ濴һ
ĸղȥˣȥɡ̫Ҳ⸱ӲŹۡ
¡۵ͷҲС
̫ûƵĴƶǺȥɡ
Ƶá
¡۷̫
ߵ¡۸ǰʣҲȥ
¡ۿһù˱㡣
Ҫʱƹգһ峺۾ȥֿɰ
¡۾ܾˣƵҸ£͡
֪ͻȻסĸ첲Ľеֱ
¡۸ɾȾһƬۣѸٷơ
Ƴ߹㣬ʺøߣԱøߺøߵģ
߹Ҳ쿪С첲ʱңʱң
¡ۿ߹ڴ԰߹ҲϳһͷֿͰ˻ӣԼĺӣȻԵĺ˱ˡ
ǰĸ˶ӣ
һϳƹ§ĸ첲Ÿոĸɾӣմ˽ʵʵơ
Ƶʣܿ죬ұ㣬ȫ
¡˵ʲô̫ȿڵԣˣ򳵲һСˤˡ
˵ͷ
Ƶ˸磬Ҳʡ
˻Ӳҡ
Ʊ㿴Ӵ߹㣬
߹§¡۵һ첲
̫ʵǳɳˣͺԽ׽ˡ
¡һ˵ʲôˣؿƺ߹䵽ϣĪؾǹģҲ֤ݣֻĬĬš
˴Ȱ׼úԡһһ̧ͷȰվɡ
̫˵ģû뵽¡ۡǵһο¡ģˡ
¡۳ãвŻƽʱǰҲǸֽ󽲾һôǱسôǰʱȲѣװšµһӢӣũҵǹ֮
û
¡۵ȥԡŴ뿪
˻̫Ȼĸඹ
ĸĸඹһ𺰡

̫ȥԡɡ
ԡϣȰƫ
̫˵¶
Χĸߡ
ƾ¶ûйϵѰ˸ɣ򳵵˷Է磬Ҹ
ôЦʡ
̫ѧöѧٻؼң㲻𣿡ʡ
Ц˲ס
ʣҲؼҰ


149 
񴵭Ӧš
Ʒ仯, ʶ꣬ӡһ¶ºȴֵ͵ˣܹôһ仯, ϶Ϊ¥ƹĲ, ƻʲô֮ġ

С, ܲôԶ¶, ڿԶһЩůǵѽ
̧ƣã
Ƶͷҿˡ
񴱾Ŀ⣬ůһº͵, ʣﲻæ𣿡
ҡͷæ
ũ˾ȥ𣿡֪ƶũ˾ܸ
ƴСżȥһ¾ˡ
һʣĸ
վСӣĸкܶᡣ
ɿֵóд𣿡
ҪƵͷ
׿ʣҵĿģ
ƸϽͣǣҵĿǿ㣬˳㳭д
ʲô񴲻Ƽƽϣת鷿ߡ
Ƹŵγɶ,ټաǧġ͡ʫҪһ飬öֵġ
鰸ǰʣ㳭˶٣
ƸԱߵҳһټաˣд鼮Уټա١
һۣܽ
ţٶأظ
º͵
Ժػش𣺡ǰ
񴿴̹Լ뷨, Խ, ·ּһʣʣᱳ˰ɡ
šƵͷ
ԸƳ飬ǰƱѾᱳ, ȻͲ
ֻðѡǧġʫ
񴿴ʣأ
ƻصǰѽ
º͵˵ô֪ûأ
ƽ͵Լ, Լ֪
㱳
, ֮أСüͷ
Ц
һ㲻, ҾͲ, ֻýֱһ飬ʣ˰ɣ
ʣʼд
ܳȥСϵ֮඼͹һϴһѣ˵鰸ϣ磬ѣģ
ͷҲ̧˵԰ɡ
ҳԾҳԡӣ߳˳һŵݵߡ
һ¡
Ƶһ
ͷһ
ʣɣ
ţԼ԰ɡǴЦ
áֻСһɵسһſѣģɰĲˡ
񴿴һۣд
Ƴ˰Ѻſϣʢգž˯ˡ
ʱ򣬷ԼϣҲ֪񴱧ϵġ
һתͷ񴻹ڳдͻȻ뵽ùѧϰϰĳ̶ȣھΣ𴲴ѥӣߵǰ
ˡͷҲ̧˵
ʣ磬ҳд᲻ᵢ飿
ʣķˣ
ƣ
ᣬҲϰһ顣
ãͳ⻰ԺҶ㡣Ժ˸۸㣬ңҴ
л˾ˡ
ɣһȥˡ
ʣ𣿡
һȥĸţٹѾܾûˡ
ͷ
ƻصϼţʣĸûУ
ûУʲôʡ
ҡͷûʲô
ƼƬ⣺ˣ㸸Ϊôࣿ
û˵Ʒʡ
˵κزΪıҲš
ơ꡹һЦ¡ۻҪӣ߹ŪѣƫƫκͰ˵Ψǰʧ
¡۵Ļԣһһʮ˵

ĸʺͻĸ׼ģҪһҵģ㲻ҪעעģΪ˴κҲΪ˰գҺͽŪġ
ҲЦˣ̶¶Ҫ˵ȥ
϶֪ˡ
ղ
¡Ϊ˰ĲˣʵҶ§Լĺӣúùӡ
ƾĳͦõģʡôҺġ
רĵغԷ֮˯˸ȥ棬úõһ硣
ղý̫ѧ˯Ȼѣ̫Żӹǵ档
߹
ʮʣΪΣ
˻ӵտʼкܶܶᡣ
ʮһʣΪ
Ľҷ
⣬ӡӦ롢Ĺ׵ˣ̫ʺ˶æƽӻҪϱ
ʮһӵҲҪϱ
һؿʮһӡ
ʮһӵҪҡŸһƯϱ
߹һӶҲϱˡ
ʮһʣΪΣ
߹˵û˺ҵܵһƯ
Ƶ㣬ǫһ㡣
ǫ飬ҵܾܵÿ߹һ§סơ
˵ԣ
ʮСһƬãȻ˵ʲôŵͷԣ
ʮһӼᶨҵ
߹ǵϴǼдʮһӾǸߣԹʮһӸҲ
ԣʮһΪԼȡ
Ҳ߹
߽㣬˵Ҫ
ְԡ߹ͷʮһ
ʮһӼ״ѧ߹ӣСͷ죬ԡתͷŸ磬㿴߽۸ҡ
״߹ԡ
߽㣡㣡
ԣ
ʮһӶ̸첲һ˵
߹״Ц
ʮһˣʮ磬ߣ档
ʮӵҲߡ
ʮһӸʮӵ֣ʮܣߣǲ߽棬߽ϵ국
ʮӡһ
һһӻλƵˣ̲סͷ߹ߣ
߹ŶЦ
ƼҲЦ
Ű׺ԶƼȥţȻ󿴵ӡӦ롢Ĺһ̱ĸѾǵһγӦ꣬˱׵ģûһĸ˷ֱ׶ȥ԰ӡ
Ƽȥ͵Ѷӵ׶һ
Ӻŵܵܣ㣡
Ƶ磬ǵ档
Ƽ˸ϽߣоҵԵˡ
ҲƲĵ顣
ӹܵ԰ժЩӣЩˣԻص˯
󣬿һѹӣ뵽Ǹû۰С͸һЩԣ˳Щ±Ͷɽúùڡ
װСϡ
Ÿ磡һС
̧ͷһʮһӣʮһϻŸջ·ʮӡ
Ÿ磬ȥĶʮһʡ
Ƶҡ
Ҳ֣˵ص㣬ʮһ˵ܾŸȥĶԸȥ
㲻ȥƵ
ΪΣ
ƿһһӣҪڷԷˣ಻ã㣬ȥ˰
ʮһӵҲҪ֡
ƺԡ
ʮһӵԡ
Ÿһ
ʮһֱӾܾҲҪ
ʣҪʲô
ҪŸԡ
ʲôƲʡ
ʮһӵҡ̻ԣ಻


150 
ƶʮһӡ
ʮһһڴ
Ƶ㲻ǻ˵𣿡
ʮһӵϵ߽ͷᶯ, Ҳᡣ
ãҽ㡣Ƶ
ʮһӸ˵Сӻζ
ƷԱߵʯͷϡ
ʮһӶ˸¡
ʮһӵͷ
ʮһСͷ
ʮӸѧ
Ƶͷ
ʮ̫С, ͷһ, ͷ˻ȥ
ʮһӼš
Ƶ
ʮһͷ, 
ôᶯˣƵ
ʮһջͷϵ
ʾʮһӿһ, ͷ¶Ҷ, ͷ
ʮһӻǲͷ
Ƽĵؽʮһӣһؽ̡
ʮһӻѧᡣ
ʱʮͻȻСͷڶţԡ
ƾȡ
ʮһһ´ס
Цʮܶˡ
ʮӼԡ
˺Լǿʮһӳܲ, ԣǲͷȻءԡܲʵ, Сһ,ۡһ
ʮһؿʮһӡ
ƸϽʮһܣް
Ҳԡʮһĵ
Ƶûϵġ
йϵ, Ƕ, Ҳ, ء
Ǿ΢¶, СӾͻΪ춼Ҫ, ʮһӵģûйϵҲ԰
ʮһֹͣ۾ӺСͿԲݵĴ
ʣɣ
ʮһӵͷ
ƵҲԡ
ʮһʣʲ𣿡
Ƶûм԰ɣ¡ⱲҲˣĬ¡۲ˡ
ʮһ룬ľС
ƽŵĸҲᡣ
ʮһӽӻĸҲᡣ
ԡƵͷ
ʮһӸովõοֻعζˣϵǶѽ
ҽƼ硢Ƕᣡ
ʮһӻһ£ȷʵġ
Ȼ㲻ԣᡭһСʮһŵ㣬ȥ뵽ˣ˵ܶ໰ѽ
ʮһӵһ˵ܶ໰ϵ˵Һ÷ġ
û˵ƸϽƲ塣
˸˵
Ľ㣡ն˵
ʮһһ¾ƵĻĽҡ
԰㿴Ǻܶ˶û˵ࡣƾԼƭСӣŶƭСӡ
СʮһţԣǶľ˵ࡣ
ԣ㶼øʴ㵽̫ѧѽһʮһӵģȻԸ¡۵̫ѧ
ʴҴʮһָ
Ĵָ
ʮһЩˡ
ƽŵԲҲûйϵѽ㻰࣡
šʮһӵͷ˵öࡣ
һоʮһٴ꣬ͺƲסˣǵö飬ȻԺƲסЩСˣŵǻȥɡ
ʮһӵش֡
ʲô
棬˵̻ԣ಻ľ̻ҡ
ȻȻ˵ӵһܵ㣬ԷܴʮһӺʮȥԷȻԺеĵضûˡ
ʮһӶ˱СںڶղȥԷڷԷеشһա
ϼ󡢴Ȱũ˾ͷԷ߶˳㽫κӪҵ
ȥ͡ٺ»ȵȣ׬˲٣ƱȫȻȰ
̫òòμᡣ
Ƹ̫
̫Цƶ񡣡
ߵ̫ǰĸ㷢Ǯġ
Ŷ̫۾ĸ
šƵͷ˵㻰
̫˴뱲ӣһδСǮоĲˣʣ٣
ƴӻͳӵݸ̫
̫ӳһ¡
ֵӡ
ƵԣӣµǮ
̫²ô㡣ûһ¸ߡ
ƽ͵ĸ㶼ûиɻܸ㷢ôǮȻ׬õľˡ
̫һ㶣ŹЦƵС㰡Сԣᵱϰ尡
Ƶĸѹม
ѹ̫΢Ц˵
ƵףֺӴ
ĸзֺ죿
ţĸװΣдףκлĸһݡСָôСһӴ
̫һЦǰֿɰСģ§ڻúúã˵ĸ٣Ƕ١
ǰظģһá
ֶЦˡ
̫֣Ӻúƶҵġ
ǡֽ
̫죬̫һչȥˣæ˼գӴ˹ĸԪ˾״̬ǳãۿɼ㡣
Ҳͷˣžˣһͨ󣬽һһȵصũҲ඼ֵѧ½ص̫ѧ
Ҳյ¡۵ʹ̫͡ѧǰԺһˡ
¡дκزֵҶϣӪۺͲѵȴκɫйȫˡ
ϿΣ¿Σ˽鱾ӵСϣʹһϼ
óԼ鱾
߹ܵܣһȥˡ
ŵܵܣ㻹ȥĸ밲𣿡
˻ӵ϶ģŵܵÿ춼Ҫȥĸġ
šƵͷĸҡ
˻ټ
߽ϼ׼ȵˮȻȥȰû뵽¡ۺ̫ϼ
߽ȶ˶Ȼʣʣĸôˣ
㰡̫
ʲôߵ̫ǰ
̫ȻƵСԴǺ¶
ưС̫
̫ǵǰ𣿡
Ƶͷǵãôˣ
ʲô¡ʡ
գ۾
ǲдʲôҽܣ¡ʡ
ԣʱӲõһ˳д˺ܿɰ⿷Ȼǳдһݣװˡ
дİɣ
Һһдġ
С̫ЦѾҸдţҪ
ģƾϲ
̫ͷ
Ҫѧϰֲġ¡۽˵
ʣʻ𣿡
Ȼ¡۵ġ
ʲô
¡۵ԽܺãѵʿһףĲ˿
Цˣ¡ССҲȷʵǰӣϣκǿԸҪ𣿡
û¡۵
Ը𣿡Сʡ
ǻԸģһһһֲͿǵļҵסƵ
¡۵ͷûʳһҵĸ
ֿ׬öƹ
ɵӣ׬Ŀɲӡ¡ۿĵذƱ
СסС
¡ʣʲô
Ƶ
ΪΣ
ˣҾͱˡ


151 
׿, ƶ᲻󡣡¡۽ãһҲƵ
̫󺰣ĸң
¡ƵĸҲûá
ĸ, ȾѽҪ, Ҫ, Ⱦѽƴȣĸ, ѽ
ʵۣƶˡ̫Ц߹ơ
һ§ס̫Ĳӡ
̫¡۵ƶŵġ
¡۲ȻЦЦ
̫Աߵƶûˣĸء
̫ϵû׵, һǺÿġ
̫Ц
ͷЦ
¡ָָƣƶɡ
ƽСԴ̫ļϣԹɵġ
Сǿɰ¡ѹҪ׵ĳ嶯ƶƶɣ޲㣬˭ء
ԺЦ
¡ۼ״ЦЦ, ŵ˴δԽʹȹǽɹ֮ôǴκĹδͻͽ
Чȡ
ǴκȻ٣кܶࡣ¡۵
롣̫
¡۵ƶ, Ĺ޶ǵ, ʮ꣬Իص㡣
ʲôѽʡ
˵¡Ц
Сô˵ȴ֪¡ۺ̫һ, С, е̫, ز֮Ķ, ʹֻܵȵʮ͡
󵨡¡۹һۡ
ƿ̫, ˵
̫ô˵㸸ʡ
ơšһ
ԡ̫ƵСԴĻӹƶԡ
̫ˡ
̫˵ʵӶнرǶӣϼͳ֮ŮԽ֪ˡ
ƾϲʣˣ
̫ͷû࿴㿴ϼͳĳŮ
룬ʣǸ߸ߵĴѵĹ
̫ʡ
Ƶͷʱȥ͵ףպײ϶磬統ʱͺû뵽ǿ˼ˡ
ǹСͳϹսйֱˬִúÿ꣬ǲԸģƫƫˣֻͬ⣬㸸Ҳӣɸˡ̫
Ƶϲõģ
û
硢Ľأ
绹ûпϣ㵹һ׼ٹ۲۲졣̫΢ЦĽСƿ㸸ʴĽҸ״Ԫ
áӺˡ
̫ͷƶҡ
ԼҡƴϵǲҪңԼҡ
ѵƶô˵֪ƺ̫˵Ļ
̫ЦûϵƶģͷƶԼҡ
Ƶͷţĸˡ
޿Ҹʲôġ¡۵
ҸÿƵ
ͺÿ¡ʡ
԰ÿģͻĸһÿƹһ仰
̫󱻶ЦͣʳҲˣһʱҲˣվϼŰɡ
¡۵Űɡ
ûһϾͰʳΧһţ֮Ժĺϻ졣
ҹʱ¡̫뿪ûһ¡ֻڱһ¡
ƶһ䡸һ߻ĸġȻܻص᷿Ͳ¡ˣ˺һ¡ۣȻ鱾ʼһֱ˯
ڶհʱ𴲣̫ѧ顣
ѧõѧһҡͷԵضҲͷΣСӶ顣
ŵʱվ̫ѧʳſڣӹЦܹȥʣ磬Ҫˣ
һ졣
ӾȻˣ
¡ۡĶӣȻˣ
Ǵ飬ƹⶺӣǲѽ
Сʣߣȥ§ƵС
Ʊ߱ʣ磬Ҫѽ
ʵûء
Ƶ˵ܿͻᶨˡ
û˵΢΢
ʻ˵㿪ͶɩɩҸСӡ
Сһ˵䡣ӰƵСԲΣǺˡ
˵š
Ӧ˸塣
ûа취ƲܵǳţȻƣСŵܵܣлл㡣
ʣлʲô
лöûѩӮôڹеĻᣬֵ˺ܶʹͣĸϺӡӽ̫ѧ֮󣬷˸˶ǿѹӣӦ뺫Ҳˡ
ƿŶӣı仯ܴڶôɿ˵ֻˣǰһеӣȫһˣĵֵ
ӵС
ʲô
ӵΪǴ͵Ҳ˼ˣ˵һңſҡȻָľǼҹ
ۣ磬ðƵ
ꡣӲ˼˵С
ŶŶðѹ˵һ顣
ӵͷ
ҲǣȻ˳ˣǹﻹЩ棬ὫԼ£ܹٺò¶Ƶ磬ϲ㡣
л㡣ƵСԴʲô¶Ҷ磬ʲôӦ㡣
ţƵͷ
ʲôأӴչ
˳ڵĸϱ¶
ӿĵ˵ģѽӳ飬ҾͲöˡ
ƺͶӶӣ뿪̫ѧʳãѧϰ
һһյѧϰ֪ʶ
Ҳûеũ˾κʹκز飬Ҳ̫Ƕ֪ԽʹҴӦ¡۵Ҫǵɫֲͬʱ¡ɴ̽ɹϲˡ
¡۸˵ĲˣǰѶ뼾Ķװͦ¡أ̫ѧѧǶ֪κӶˣ̫ѧִһЩӹڸԹҶ׵Ϣ
һЩѧ
̫ѧᡢ˳̸ּ˵ģҶǷֹ̫ѧʱײһԸնʫġ
ۣðһظп
߹Ů鳤ʲôõģ
һһˣð
һˣ𣿡߹ʡ

߹һᣬɱʹ졣
Ӧö顣˻ӽӻ
Ƶͷš
˵ܵ˵öԣǸϽѧá
߹һѧݼˣտԺú˯
˸Ͻܻѧá
ѧʱ˸һȺ̫ѧܣܵżǰƿסˡ
ܵܣ߰߹
Ƶ̫߲
ת̫֪̫ѧûе˶ƴѣƴģůů͵ģ̧ȡ
ſ̫ѧſϷż
ҪҰæ𣿡ͷº͵̧첲ѽлл硣
ЦŰƱ̫ѧ
ѽһں޵߹һͿԱСƶˡ
ƺ磬磬磬Ҳغ󹬣
ӵţ粻ϿΣȥĸš
Ӧһͷ
ӵһ߰ɡ
˸̨ףȻһƣ
˭ŵܵܣӺʡ
˵֣ܵܵӦҵĻӡ
˻ӵǻӣǹ
Ƽȥ
ȺܳһС߰ģԲԲģܿɰܹݸһţƣġ
ֽ˹
С￪ĵߡ
Ŵ硭ˮ
˻ʣˮʲôط
ӦͣϲһĸϵңŮڣŮӸ¸ҡ
ӲʣǾŵܸܵ
ԿƵС֡
Ʋŷ⣬зš
ӵ˴չȥһۡ꡹һЦ
վΧ첱ӣʲôûп̲סǰߵ˺ǰ
ûʣӣ㿴ʲô


152 ߴ
š
Ų, סߡ
СӼꣿ
ʣʲô˼
ɡ
뷴ӵһӢɰľŻƣˮŹ, ǶǾ, Ե, Ը, ұøףʮʱǳסˮŹ
鰡ӦЦ
ӶţСдġ;ŵܵܲࡣ
¸Ұ
͵ˮŮӾˣǻ׷Լϲ, ˮĹ
߹ͷͦõġ
ӵǴѾŵܵȢؼ𣿡
˻ӵ˼ɡ
߹Ů¸׷Լϲһͦõ飬һ˵ҪѾŵܴܵؼң̵ԡ
Ӵ˿Сƶˡ
Կơ
֪ʱʮǳ¶Ҳָ֪Ϊ, û뵽һ߰СԼд顭⡢⡢ֱ߸֪Ͻϣ
ŵܵܣϸʲô, һûбءӵ
ʣŵܵ, ʲô˼
ӦʣǸСѧõ𣿡
ǡش
˻ӵǶʶ
ѧõѧӣϲСƶ
ʣŵܵܣϲ𣿡
Ҳϲ, ҶʶƼܺ, ֪ԼˮŹûнӴ
Ը޹ȥ𣿡Ц
ͷƽװŷ, תǰߡ
ʣܵ, ȥĶ
Ƶȥš
ô˵׷ȥʡ
ܾѽƵ
Цŵ٩㲻Сһ𰡣
ƻͷԶӵ˵Ҳһ𣡡
Ц֪ˡ
Ƶȥ
ӵ˼ͷ
˸һ, ظס֮һ˯ԺҪȥȰ磬ȥĸˣٻһม
ãҵ㡣
򳵣뿪ϼһ·ջ๬˵Ŀ⣬֪ʲôˣȻʮһӴӲݴŸ磬ϱ
ƸϽͣ³ʣ˭˵ģ
˵ġʮһӵ
˵Ƹոһֱھ֮УǲҪ˵ڹƺ˶֪յ¶ˣʮһӽ͵ûϱ
̫ʮһӻŸ粻ϱԺСʮһһ
ƣ
ʮһת۾Ͱ¸׵һߣʣŸ磬Ķ
ƵȥȰ
Ҳ֡
֪ʮһӻ˵仰ܿ˿ʣôһˣʮܵܺʮأ
ʮܵܣԣʮ˯Ÿ磬һȡ룬ʮһС߰ȡ
ƴʮһһ𵽴ȰȻ̫˶֪յˣ˵ݣһԵĶӵˣǸ߻ĸġ
ʮһӸӵˣϵ
ӵʮһܣŵܵ㲻źһ壬һŵܵҲ档
Ӧԡ
㿴СƶЦ
ʮһӵҾŸЦġ
Цġ
߹㿴˭Ц
ʮһСԴơ
ƽƫһԡ
ʮһ׷ſƵŸ磬治Ц
ûЦ
ӵɣҲûá
áʮһߵƸǰŸ磬Ц
ƱС
ʮһӵŸ磬Ц
ƻǱС
ʮһСƵĿ֨ѣҿߴߴ㡣
Ʊĺ̫ܺů󣬸ܵů⣬ʹ˵£Ȼʮһôһ֨ûסһЦ
ߴߴʮһӼ֨ơ
ƹСӷЦ
ʮһתͷȣŸЦ
ӵһ
˵ʮһϣʮһ
ʮһЦźѼ߽㡣
߹ЦˣҲǰˡ
ײ˰˻ӣּ䵽ӡ˶⣬ͻӹһţů￩Цϡ
һ̫ЦôͣȻٵ٩յ¶ƺˮŹã¶
ֵݼһ롣
ȵٴ̫ѧʱҵˮŹܾ׷úö飬Ȼһ䡸һúö飬׷㡹
С˵һǳңԶ飬ƲˮŹ֮󣬻ܼǵû˵ʲô
صѧַּ飬пʱĺĺ죬Ͳһһ̸ˣȫ䵭֮úö飬ÿͦġ
ˣѩ죬ᲩʿѧСʱȡ߹Ͱ˻Ҳ̫ѧˡ
ڸԹţȻ鱾ŵСϣһ̫ѧߡ
ѩˣʹʹˡ߹Űѩǵܡǽͷ͵·
ÿ
·ϵĽӡǶǵİɡ˻ӵͷ
ƿѩ·ϵĽӡϸһѩԼԿ״ǶǵģǻҪġ
ǲȥҲͦġ߹
˱˵̫ѧѧá
ѧûһˡ
߹ۣ̾ǵһģ
˻ӵǵһαѧ簡
߹λߣȻ뵽ʲôŵܵܣӦû˳ɡ
ƵӦûС
κ̫ѧĿͶʮһ͵Ĳ࣬ҲһСţԹϣǲƽʱʿǻͻ飬ѧһЩ޹صĶ
˵ร˵кܶء
ȥ߹ȤŨŨسλߡ
ƺȻġɳɳǴﴫģϽǰס߹㣡Ҫ
߹һôˣ
Ƹɳɳ֪ʲô
ʣŵܵܣôˣ
𶯡Ƶ
һ֪ʲô飬ǿƺܽӣǲɵϢơ
ܿ˿ߵѧǰʿǽϵĽߣԼǰ㣬һ㡣
˲һ
ýСţȻڳһͷСߡ
ŵļС
˼ˡ
Сߡžһˤڵϡ
ߣߣŵô߰
ھŵܵߣ˻ӵ
̫ˣ߹
ƶСߵСĵ㣬жġ
СǸӦ˵Ĵһͷͨӣ
µĴУˣ


153 ׽棩
, СС
߹ԣСס졣
ƽ͵Ҫ£ġ
߹ʣΪΣ
, ԡ˻ӵ
Ƶû߱ûƵµڻ, һⲿʮǻûа취ճ, 붬ߣǽ״̬Ķ, Ǿͻܿ
ȻŴ󿪵ѧ¶㵽֮䣬С߻ᴦ״̬
ȥɱˣ߹һ
߽㣬ԡ˻ס߹
ƽӻǲ֪Сߵж඾, һƤѪжô죿治ȷСߵĶԣһ˵һСŪˣð, ǺܿˡСӦûбô
߹ԲóȻж
ǵ߹ֵŵܵ˵öԣãǾŰɡ
Ƶͷԡ
ĸĿתضСߡ
Сһʼ׺ݵӣظܵ, Ϩ, ٶԽԽֱڵϡ
ϲ˵ûй
ˣ߹ʡ
ˡ˻ʣŵܵܣô죿
Ƶ߽, ȥ̫
ѧһ, С, úúòһ, Էطֶ, ˵ӹǴκΡ
߹á
ǱߵߵСԶһ㡣
֪߹ܳѧá
ƿ˻ӵȥ¥ƹ񴡣
˻Ӳʣʲô
ʶܶߡƵ
á˻ӴӦ
ʣŵܵܣأ
šƵ
׾ŵܵΪߣԲߣŵܵȫõĵܵܣ§ƣһСߡ
С߶ؾһ̡
̫ҴҸϽѧõϵĻߡ
̫ŵɫһףϽʣŻӣǡ
̫˷ģû¶Ƶ
̫һ
׵СԱߡ
Ƶ磬㡣
ӹĽߣŪһСߡ
̫Ȳʣкη֣
һĻߣ¥ơκԽȹС
ж𣿡̫ʡ
ͷС
̫һ͡
͵ǻʹ˻һʱ䣬ϳ󣬶̡
ü
̫˶ٵҲӦڶߵģô굽Żӵ
Կƣ굽ˣ
Ƶͷ
ɫһӦ˴ŵˡ
̫һݣ֮˹ߣû˼Żӵˣ¶Ҳ㹻ӡ
ѧõѧӽ˽¶㱨¡ۣ˵Żӣ̫ȫȻȥְ塣
ƵԲ顣
СΣա̫
Ҳ¡Ƽֵ
Сڣ̫һֱ֪ģˣְ˱㡣
ãھˡƵ
̫˷ģȿֳ
̫񴣬¥ƹӣƽʱ塢ۡʫ䡢ȵȶ㣬ֻû뵽;ŻӵϤתһ룬ûܹܾŻӣúˣУעһЩҪǿһ»ֹ
Ƶͷ
Ƶλߡ
СġƵ
񴿴һƵģҲߣҡȻ󵨵Ƶλ򿪣Ҽ鸽
磬𣿡ʡ
ûСĿɨһ
ת㣬£ûߡ
һɿƣվ߹Ͱ˻Ӹǰ
̧Ѱҡ
һţͲԼسѧá
ܵܡ߹ȥĶҸһ𡣡
ƻͷߣ㡣
ŵܵܣҲһȥ˻ӵ
ǶҪ˶࣬ײȻֳָŴſڴͿԿҺˡ
˻Ӻ߹ŴӦ
ƺһѧá
̫ȥƶˡ
ƶƵѧõĺ棬ĿΧããһƬӡûС
˻վڴǰû߹ʲôûп
ʣ߻ºۼ𣿡
߹ŵôᣬˣҲۼɡ
̫Ҳûз쳣
΢΢ü
ƶѩ濴ǴżܴԽСѾˣܿؿѩһֵĺۼǳйɣܷСߵ·ߣ磬㿴
²ſСߡ
ܵܣʲô߹СԴʡ
ҵСߵ·ˡƻͷ
˻ʵģ˷Žģ
ȷƵٿ
̫ŻӣעⲻҪȵۼ
֪
ƺ˳ǳǳ·ߣǰߡ
ܿ쵽һǽǣһȭͷСöˮ
½۵߶
ͷ
ܵܣˣ߹һ
Ƹһصѧã¡˵Сߵ¶
¡ɫʱѧһʣ̫ˣô
̫£ǻߡ߻ǰߣΪ˶ߡ׷ʳ춼ܽϰռУܵѧãȴǵһ 
顣¡۵
ǡ
ʡƻһ
¡ۿơ
Ƶ̫˵öԣȷʵΪ
¡ʣô֪ģ
ģƲ˵ԼĸйٷȻʲô֮࣬ǿӺԼСӣ˵һЩͳĻ
¡Ҳ档
ƽŵӦÿҳߵˡ
ԣ¡۲š
šƵͷ
¡ʣôң
ֻңָԱߵľӣľǸղ̫ȡװߵġ
˵˵뷨
ҵˣٺ˵
ƶܹճУ˾ϲ飬¡һ˸溢ˣҪǶж˼
ȻҪһСߵ飬һԣǵ̫һ飬еĻޱ̲顣
áƴӦ
¡¶ʱҪ˵ȥ
Ƶ˴Ӧ
¡۽ֵҪ̫֪ġ
Ƶͷ
¡۵̫·ͬСɣҪܵͬʱҲҪ֤ѧǵİȫ콫ҳ
̫ͷǡ
¡۵ͷ˵뿪
̫ѧõѧǶǰԺţΣŻǡ
ǾͲȥˡ߹
˻ӵͷ
Ƶ㣬ߣȥϿΰɡ
һ뵽ߵӣʹȥΡ
̫ŻӣԵһ£ְȥһ̫ѧİȫ⡣
̫ȥҾˡƵ
Ǳְ߰ɡ̫ơ
̫˷ģ¶
̫һۣ¥ƹһº͵ӣ˵Ҳƽ޲ģĪص˵ͷ
̫ߡƵ
̫Ƶˣ뿪
ߵСľǰһ£ȷСû
ŵܵܣô죿߹ʡ
Ƶ
˻ӺͷĶأ
ӻԴԴͷҡ
߹ʣԴͷĶ
ҵߵλǰһδţĶȫóȻҳ͵߰˷飬ȫó
ǰ
ư𿪡
˻Ӽ״ϲŵܵܵࡣ
߹ʣŵܵܣϲʲô˰
Ҷ˵˺ö鰡ϲúÿġ˿Լտء
ŵܵܣôŽкÿ߹ʡ
ѿڶÿġ
߹˻ͬʱ񴡣
һûһĨΡ


154 ߳
߹˻, תƣţܵܣ𣿡
Ƶڿ
񴰵͸һȥ
߹ͻȻͷ, ĺúÿҲûж, Ҳ֪ôʢ, Ǿ۾Ͷÿ, һÿ
û˻Ҳ佱
߹˻ˡƽˡ
߹ֲȻÿУҵܵõˣ
Ц߹˵ǡ
ƲһŵʲôûС
߹һŵݡ
˻ӵݿ϶û⡣
ͷֲɵ
߹ʣӵ˼еɵˣ
ͷһ㡣̫ѧ, ͲǴˡ
ô֪߹һãȻ
˻ӵ߽㣬㻹С֪ˡ
ðɣҲˣһЩĻ, ʱдء߹ֽĵϣһɷ磬дζ
ŵˣ̶ֽϸᡣ
״ʣŻ, ʲô
ƿ񴣺, ζǲǿߣ
ǣЩȷʵζȽУ˵ֽζ
, ÿֽϵζͬƵͷ
һš
߹Ͱ˻Ҳš
Ƶŵõɣ
߹̫˰ɣ
ϸ, Ų˻ӵ
Ƶ˺ǲһ, ܹŵ
ͷ
Ŀɨ˵Ҫھ֤¡
߹ʣ֤
ζ߳ܿ˿, ̫, ߶ˣ϶û취֤Ҹůһĵط
غ󹬣߹飺е
ŵĸǵġ˻ӵ
ȥǶɡ顣
ȥ̽СýͰ˸֪סĶȻʮһܾ֪ˣʮһܺ˵ģ϶ţԺҾûеˡ
ЦˣǾȥ
ƵȥҸԿס
˴Ӧ
ƱСľ߰ɡ
šӹƻСľ䡣
ðɣߡƵ
ѧԨ̫˵ȥ֤¶
ָ̫ѧԨΧ֤Ҳů͡
֡ѧӣӰСߵΪ
̫Ϊ⣬ͬʱֵĵʣǴС֤᲻Σգ
ʵأû¶ġƵ̫̲̫ѧɣˡ
̫ŻһעⰲΣ
֪ˡ˳̫ѧֱ鷿Ȱѻϣܶůʱ˷Ŷó
ףζˡ߹
˻ӵҲŵˡ
Ƶůһ㣬ŨһЩʵߣ˶ԾζһЩ
ͷ
Ȼˡ촫˶С
һСľ䡣
߹Сôˣ
˻Ӳ֪
ƺһԱߵš
ðζһ֤
Ƶ򵥣ֱװƿܷ⣬ֱ֤
˻ӽӻ÷ֹܳȻҧˡ
Ϳԡ
װð˷ţǿʼɡ
˵ͷ
ǰСľ䡣
СľСԼΣûƵĴš
ſڵˣڿʼ˸磬š
á˻ܵһƿǰõƿǡ
˹۲Сߡ
߹ûӦǲ̫ԶŲζ
Ӧòǣ߶ҵԶС߶ŵġƻǵ˸磬óŷ򿪣ֽóһζɢĿһ㡣
˻
СԾûзӦ
Ƶãװȥܷ⣬֣һ
˻ӽƿС߶ûзӦ
ƿʱСߺȻ̧ͷȰ˻ӳֽһǷƵģСľҴڡ
зӦˣ߹
أС߲֪ĶľѸ˳ȥֱ˻ӡ
˸磡Сģ߹󺰡
Ƶ硣
ٿǰһ΢΢ϵĽһǰСߣһ˦׼ȷ˦Сľǡ项һȻס
߹ðǣӣรԺҲҪô
ƿŰ˻еţӦþζˡ
֤ó
Ƶͷ
С侲֤˷š
СֻԵзӦ
ζ
ʲôζ߹
˻ӵҵʦֱһ²С
Ҫƽ͵ζ⣬ӦǷ֮רŵƵģϻһЩǳǳζ
ܵԷֱ߹ʡ
Ƶͷţһ򲻴Ҵ̫ѧʳţֻҪţҾͿԱϳ
һԡأ˻ʡ
Ƶôԡ²һ򵥵飬ˮ裬һͨʱԱʿǱٲУǸոȥѧԨʿﲢûйƣҲ˵û뿪̫ѧ
Կƣ۾жͣŻӴ
߹عܵܺ
˻ӵǾȥš
֮ǰ¶Ƶ
ӻѧóֶߵ¶ȥ
תͷô
񴵭Цû
ǵȻġưС
ƵС߹Ͱ˻ڣˡ
ƽŵȥ֮󣬷֮ɫϺ϶Щ仯ģ԰Ѱҡʼá
߹ǸϽȥ
ôأ˻ʡ
ƵʮһܿʮһСȰȵģûһͿµȫ̫ѧ֪
ʮһܽӹ˻ӵ
Ƶͷ򳵻غһˣ͵ʮһӽӵ̫ѧſڣȻ֣߽̫ѧ˵ߵ¶
ʮһСһҧҾŸ磿
Ƶͷ
ʮһߵضСţϵ˭ŵģ
ƹʮһӵС͵˵˵
Խ˵ʮһԽǵƵСֵ˵˵ҧҾŸ磬Ҵϴϴ
˻ӵûҧŵܵܡ
߹԰ûҧ߶ˡ
ôգʮһʡ
˹Ҷ
ʮһӷɢ˼άСȰȸͣ
ʱʱһʮһС죬ԡ
ûһ̫ѧ֪˷Ŷߡ
ʮһҲˡ
ͳһʮһܣȥͰɡ
Ÿ磬㲻ʮһʡ
Ƶͷţҵöˡ
Ѽʮһ˵
ʣô㣿
㣬ͣС棬աʮһӾƴһ
еģʿ̫ѧͣƨƨรȥɡưСʮһߡ
СʮһԼСƨƨͦ۵ģҲ֪һҪ飬СȰȼ֮ûپŸ磬һȥ
ȥɡƻ֡
ѧҪมСʮһĿǣ档
ã档
š˶ʮһˡ
˽ţڿŵλãעѧǡ
߹յߣСʣܵܣŵûУ
˻ӸŹСʲôŲ
ѹŰɣѾ֪˭ˡ
˭߹Ͱ˻һȵʡ
ܻˡ
ƵϿΣǾ֪ˡ
ʱӵ˹ѯƵ
Ƽ򵥶ҪؽһЩǿԼû¶ҷȥ˯˯ҵ̫һ֮ݷѧá
̫վǰڵؽѧóֶһ¶Ƕ˵ˣûȷʵ˿Ϊ֮ҲǺˣѧã
ݷѧһƬȻ


155 ȥ
, Ȼѧõ˷ŵߣ
˭˭
Ҳ֪˭Ȼɳµ飡
˭ôۣ
̫ˣҪκŻӰ
˵ǸС߶ˡ
˵ᶾˣϻ𶻶
Ҳǻˣ
̫, ĽƳúÿɡ
϶ǼʣҺϲƵò, д˼, ǲң
̫ˣ˭ҲҰɣ
ˣ
ݷѧõѧߴߴš
̫עÿ˵ı֡
С̫, Խ˵ˡ
̫ͷθྲ
ݷѧѧ½
̫ŵ̫ѧģ壬ǻӹ, ֮ˣȴ˸ɳͶŶ֮£˷ŭ
˺ݷѧѧǶͷ
̫һµû˺κ̫ѧκˣκҲпʵķԣ跸֮һ, ۣ֣֮ԸڴʱϴѧӲ֪, һҲᷢ䡣
ݷѧѧСۡ
̫λ۾
ݷѧѧһ۾
̫, ߹˻ҲǱ۾
˱ۡ
̫߾֣ĳҡ
ݷѧѧ
̫ĿɨһȦ, ŵ˭ŵߣڽ泯, ϴ, ôһжᷢ䡣
̫ƿĶݷѧѧǵġ
̫΢΢ü, ʣǲԸôûл, ǰ㾾ͻᰴκɷá
ݷѧѧԾĶ̫ˡ
ֵһ̫ơ
Ƶͷ
̫ã֣۾ɡ
ݷѧѧӻ࿴˿Ҳûз
̫ŻӣС㷢ֺģ˵˵
ǣ̫ˡſڵСߣĻߣڴκԽ¥ƹУһҧˣͻͷŶҺʹԣȫˮֱˮѳɰ̲ѡ
ݷѧѧʶرסԼ
λ£ĻײҧˡƵ
ԡ߹
ԶȺʪĵطǶ죬ڶߡƽ͵
ôܳģݷѧõһѧʡ
ƻ߶ӻ
ûһϣֽŷϣǸҵ飬ʵĻ굽ҵ˵
һߣ
ݷѧѧǾ㵲ѡ
ƽŵãǴκ˲żüãζ
һƣһ˵˲żüָԼӡ
ƶ˼С˵
һͷ
ƽѾų˷֮˭
ݷѧõѧǾú档
Ц֮˻ǲֻźңȴԼϻζʦһž˳ĻߵıӸ飬һζͿȥ
Ǵҳ𣿡ݷѧѧʡ
ûƵ
Żӣ᲻˼޹̫ʡ
ᡣƿѧǵǷģѾʹκҽֻҪζڣṥˣֻṥЯζߡ
ݷѧѧһ
ĿһݵѧϣֻɫЩңЦЦ񴡣
ŻӷģҲĻ˼޹
ƵͷǾͿʼˡ
񴽫Сľŵϡ
ݷѧѧͶȻЩ£ǸǺ棬һԴ
ƶ׵СľǰǣһϸС߻˳
ݷѧѧǼ״һ
¡ƹ˵ֻҷ֮ˣȻҧһڣԲѣһµˡ
ݷѧѧԽԽ£СҲǣߡ
ףĲҧǰ
ǣˡ
С߻԰
߱ԡ
ܹҵ֮𣿡
ſԡ
˭ǰˡ
µݷѧѧû˿־塣
СԽԽ죬ֱֱԽС־ǰ
־һ㶡
Ȼ־ߵĸѧ־ܡ
Сߵתͷȥ׷
ݷѧѧһ⡣
Ƶסǣ
ݷѧᵶסѧӺ־
ѧ¶ż
־ؿѧӵܣ㣿
ңǡѧӻ˵ʲôСѾǰˣ»ԲѣȫˮץԱߵĵӾҪСߡ
Ѹϵһ̨ѧӡ
ѧӸ첲һʹأصҵĽϣС
ѸǰһŽС߻صСľ䡣
Ĭظǡ
̫˳һ
ƹӣȻ㡣
ң־ŭһڵϵĸѧӣȻ飡
ǣģѧӳϵ
㻹˵֪֪꣡־ŭ𣺡֪ĹҸʲôҲʶ֮ˣ
ѧ־ܿ־˼־Ҳζ⵽Сߵ˺ҧ
û뵽־ǵ⣬
ҲôԽүڴԽʹκһΪ־ô飬һֱΪ־ֵܣ־Ȼ⸱
ι˹ˡ
ͻȻԼ־ӣ˲䣬뿪־Խӣôһ룬ʹ־˼˵ꣿ۸ҵĻӹ𣿡
־ſڵҡ
ѧӴϵСžŸ裬Ӵ㣬ݷѧѧãϲˮҲϲƵҰ𣿡
־סڣ
ѧӵƫסڡ
Ʋ廰ʲôһ̲˵
̲ҷʲô¶ˣҪȥ̲־
̲кܶಿţɱ˲ܽġ
־⣺ʲôû
ѧӼ͵͵ܶ໵£Ҷ֪
ҹ־һѧӡ
ѧһ±־Ľţһץ߰ɡ
ƺ׼һӦֶΣûʩչ˶
һʱ֪ʲôˡ
̫˴
ݷѧõѧˡ
һƵȻǣ㣬ôǶȥ̲̲
ǻعѧӺ־
ѧĸԸظ档
־ͣš
˶Զˡ
߹СľӹȻʣˣ
Ƶʣ»кܶ飬֮£ҪǲĽģЭˡ
û̫ӻ
߹һǾͺá
̫ƣΪٶֹ꣬һаȴǵһôѸٵץߣľŻץġŻıе㡣
Ŀⲻ壬ŻʴӱȻܹôʱץ֮ˣʵ
̫˹ˡƵ
̫˾ǫˣųϵζ¶ô׽
ʵʵ˵ûζ
̫ȣǡ
СֵС죬ϵζ͵͵ȥġ


156 
̫, 鶼ˣŻ˵Ļ
졣
߹Ͱ˻Ӳضƣţܵܣʲô˼
񴼸˸ǰ, ͵, ûŵϵζ, ûлѥӡ
ѥôˣ̫ɻʡ
ƵѥͷŴʪ, մϸСʯм϶ȵŹʲôôι̵Ŵ
΢˼һ£ʣǽͷʱȵϵģ
, ѧúǶǽȷʵвȵźۼƵͷ֮ˣһǽͷ֮ģСߵ߶ȿԱ֤ѧΧûнӡ, Ա֤İȫ
ԣǲزס͡
̫û뵽һ㣬Żȴǹ۲΢ɵþ̾Ż, ϸģ
ƻشʽưôƵġ
̫ʣʽܣϷģ
Ƶ԰, Һͻĸʱô˵ġ̫ϷģϱӿһЩ̽ƬС˵, ѧϰһЩĵ, ֻû뵽ˡ
̫һ֪СӿϷҲá
ƽŵʱҾǻ, ԰ֽŷϹĩ, һЩ, ûз֡
ͲŪˣʡ
£׼ܶжûϣһ̾ˣ־ˡƺźӡ
һЦ
Żϸֵ󣬽ǻɣ͸ֱô˽֤
̫ˣ
̫Ǻ޲ðСһؼңԼҺš
뷨һĪؾ뵽º̫ƴϽͷԾɾþŻ̫̫˰ˡ
߹˻ơ̫ĶԻǾþŵܵܺһţܵܺ
лСվֱСӵˣ鶼ˣ̫ˣôһݷõ¶ˡ
̫ͷһӵѧӶ߿š
ɫܽλѧӣڴκŻӺ¥ƹӵ̽£֮ץס̫ѧദãҲѸԱ֤ѧǵİȫͬʱϣѧԴΪ䣬򲻿Խ֮£˹֮꣡
ݷѧѧۿƵ˽֮ץסǴԡΪǼı϶ǸɴģȻȻ̫ԣǣ̫ˡ
̫ãǼ飬ҲʿǻᾡΪǽ
ݷѧѧһǣ̫ˡ
̫ٴ˵߰ɡ
˵ͷһ̫ݷѧá
ݷѧöʱҵ־¶
񰡣Ȼ־˷ŵĶߣ
־һҲ֡
ǣ۸СӺ͹
κǸɾ䰡Ϊ
ƺúÿÿɰѽ
ţô
Һ
㣡
ᣡ־ǲıκˣ
ԣκʹԽ᲻̣
ڣ־ıܽʲôţһʱ벻ǸԽӣһ£ӸҵڸܻӣɼӲܳ衣
־ˡ
ܲźأԺͲ۸ѧˡ
ѧǵĻƵĶУȻԼ¶죬תʣ̫ˣǲҪдӸʣ
̫ͷû
ʣǲҪӦʵ飿
ԡ̫
Ǻãû¶ŵˡƵ
û߹ӻСߣŵİУ˯ʱجΣųһ亹ѩϿء
ŻӴͷӦ̫жϸϸѯʣΣ
߹Ӧûʲô⣬һȥ
˻ӵŵˡ
ǣְһϸ˵̫ѯһЩ
Ƽһһش
̫ãְѾ˽һʵдһŻǺغ󹬣ղϿΡ
˵ͷ
̫ӣ㡪
̫ˣûϵϿΡ
̫һºƽӣȷʵûܵκӰ죬ǱְȥѧԨˡ
˵̫ߡ
̫ˡ
ƿ磬лл㡣
Żӿˡ
ģҵĺãҶءƵ
ҸáЦ
ƳһЦЦݸɾԣҺãҶãǺѰ
΢ЦͷţȥȻȥϢɡ
ţټ硣ƻС֡
Ȼ뵽ʲôʣҪҪұ̫ѧ
ѽƺС첲
ЦŰƱż뿪
ƶż߹˻ӵ߽㣬˸磬ǿȥ㡣
߹ȥ
ûһˡ
һ뿪̫ѧ
һ·߹Ͱ˻ư
Ľζ
߹Ĵָŵܵģ㲻֪˺öӴݷô̫ˣûۿ
˻͵ͷŵ̫ܵˣرϸģ
ЦлС
ŵܵ
ƵҶܰ
һҲݷѧõġ
ûϿΡ߹
¶˻ĸչĸͻĸʶӦǡ
ԭˡ
ŵܵܣȻӵ
˿ȥ
ӴŴȰ˺
ʣ磬Ǹʲô
ŵܵܣĶˣǰͲ쿴ӡ
ʲôˣæʡ
ӵҧ˰
ûҧҡ
Ӷһ٣´ƣûҧ㣿
ûаƵ
һȻʮһ˵˷Ŷҧ㣬ĸŻˣϽׯ̫ҽȥ㡣
Ȼ
ȻСʮһ
СʮһۣԼҪܣСʮһȷʵˣܰ죬ͰȰȵغ̫˵ˡ
ܺã
Сʮһ
ʮһ˵¿ͷ죡
һͷˮʣʲô
һ˵ȥȰƵ̫ųæ磬߽㣬˸磬ܵÿ죬ҺСϡ
á˴Ӧ
˷ɿظϵȰ
һůͿʮһվ̫ǰȰ˵ͣûκ˵ɣԺ֫ȫǸ顣
̫ؿڣɫˡ
ʮӺʮһһ㶵ġ
ʮһܣ߹󺰡
˻ܹ˵
̫һ̧ƣæ֣ƶ
Ѹǰס̫֣Ͻĸû¶ûбҧҪġ
ûУ̫ʡ
첲ȸ̫һ㿴ûаҺõĺأ߸ûҧҡ
Сʮһ˵ҧ㡣̫ʮһӡ
ԣϵ˵ġʮһҵ
ûҧŵܵܰ
ʮһӰ˵ҧŸ磬ϵľҧҾŸ
߹ߵ˵ñܵģô˵
ľ˵ͻĸ˵˵ʮһӱ⡣
˵߹㶼Żĸˡ
˻ӽŵŵŵܵˣ
ŻĸûϵžŸ硭СʮһľŸ磬תͷơ
ĵؿ̫
ʮһһܵʵͦģҲ֪ж󣬵Сһָ֪ΧΧˣŴˣҪžŸˣһʱ֮䲻֪Ǻá
ȻСֿ۾ϣ˵ˡ
ӼƵĺܡ
ʮһܡ
ʮһӲ֨
ƷֲԾɿ̫֣ߵʮһӸǰͷʮһܣôˣ
ʮһƵ˵Ÿ磬ޣ
Ϊʲôѽµġ
ԽµʮһԽǿƲסԼ˵ţΪΪŵŸޣ̲סҪʼءŸԺ󶼲ء


157 Ϥ
һ㶡
˺ȻĬ
̫Сʮһôˣ
ʮһӼֺ˵š
, ʮһܣҪޡ
Ҫޣ, ŵŸСʮһСּ۾, ᶼ˳
ƵûŵŸ硣
ŵ, Ÿ綼, Сʮһѹ
ƱЦڿѽ
ʮһӿһֹˮյơ
ʣҿ˰ɣ
ţϵŵ
֪СʮһǸԴĺӣʮؽ͵ʼŵ, ŵҸϽܻĸĸû¶Ҳûˡ
ľʮһգ۾գ顣
Ƶ԰


𣿡
档
ʮһϴϲɫգ
Ƶͷ
Сʮһжơ
һѰסʮһӵĶͷ
ʮһӷŸϣŸ, 
ţܱ
ΪΣ
ϺࡣƵ
ʮһվֱӣӵʣ𣿡
ӵһ࣡
̫˵ˮʮһϴϴ
ȰѸٶһˮʮһϴ
ʮһתͷʣŸ磬Ҹɾ𣿡
ɾˡƵ
ʮһӿĵؼƸǰš
ŰС˵̫, ⵭ЩΣյϸ, ̫ľսģϳͣϳ, ôԽ
ʮһӸŵϴǣ
Ƶĸ, ¶Ѿ̫, дӾͻύ, ʿ϶̫ѧһġ
û̫§Ƶʱŵ˰ɣ
û, ҲµġƵ
̫ǣ㲻£㻹ҵ֡
ţҺģĸԺҪôңӻܵġϣ̫󽡽ƽƽ
̫ůůģҲСʮһˡ
СʮһԺ󶼲ʮһӽӻ
̫Ц
ʮһӵԴ
߹Ͱ˻Ӹ֣ʮһԴ
߹ʣΪΣ
ʮһӵǸղף
߹ˣԶ˵
ǡ˻ӵ
߹ƽʱܺõѽ
ţǲǺ𣿡˻ʡ
һһҹʮһʲôʲôԹνˣ͸һ
ȰǻһƬ
ưŻصϼ˵Сһ¡
ڶջʹ˶֪С֮£˶Խ־ӽ骡
¡ֱӽ־ͽ骡
̫̲һ飬־骶ƷмΪˣֹһŹСѧӣǲ֤ռһһӳԽʹ
ԽʹɫȥԽʵۻ㱨
¶¡
궼ȥˡ
κںʹԽЭ̳һµĴ־̫ѧԶ̤κԽѧκ̫ѧ߱ϸԣԽߵǸţ⳥κƽκŻӡ߹˻Լܺӹ
ʾǽϣ̫ѧһƬڣƵġ
־ˣ
̫ˣ
Խ𣿡
ʱûС
ҿ˵滰ˣ
κ̫ţˣ
κ˱սܣʵʵǺǿġ
ģ
ҪǾŻӴ
оŻӵĸ
ֵճ˺ܳһʱ䣬Щ־骶۸ĻӹǸлƣ˵˸лĻƷ˿֮࣬Ƿ׷ҡź
ƺεҲûа취ܸ˿̫ѧгһƬ˵Ƕӵ¶ˡ
Ȼаʱ䣬¡ѾΪҲ˵Ĺޱȣһھǣڽݸ
¡۽ڣӲҪǰݸ뿪̫ѧסʼ׼¡
Ƶȥӣسߡ
߹˵ûм硣
ԺֻڷڲŻᵽ
˻ӵͷͺˡ
ǿȥ߹
ʣô
ҸҪѽ˻ӵ
ʣʻ׼𣿡
߹ǻṦ򣬷ǽȥ
èĹˣһǹСûˡƽӻ
ô죿߹ʡ
ƵҸҪƣȥ
ӻдţ
ҲһԸ֮ӣܿкˣӺӲ׵ˡ˻ӵ
߹һ㶣һֱΪֵܽһˣǴӶӻǱʲôҶǸܵõģòȡ
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߹Щѹһҡ
ҲһңʹҵļңϼҲҵļңⲻֵܽúðֻҪֵܽģǸԳɼңһﶼŶԷԶֵܽáº͵˵
߹Ҫ㡣
Ƶͷ
ԶǺõֵܽã䡣
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ĸ˼ᶨ˵ں¶õ˱˴˵ĻӦǵǽʧˣ¿̹Ȼؽܶӳ֮¡
תۼȥڵ˶ӳһա
ƵȻӹ໽Ҫ
¡жʮӣܶȥѡԴĴӺӦӭףȻŵóƺ͹õ߹
ӹ磬Ҳա
ƺ߹ΪȥȻιۻֳ֮࣬¡۳ϳ£ʱŴ
ϣ߹Թʣ񶼽˰ɣ
Ÿոտʼ¡Ц
ŵƽʣͷܶò֡
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ûһһϲĶӳ֣ǣ죬ǣһǸźͷθϸ
ΧȺһƬ
硣ƻһ
Կơ߹¡۵ɲǣ۾ͻȻˡ
ƴÿһɰ
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֮¡ҶһȻƺ߹뿪
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ƺ߹ĶӺȻһ𡸹ࡹ
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߹ֱԵʣǶûгԶ
¡۵˸Щ
Լȥ򡣡߹
УΣա¡۵
ǰ㣬һԡҲ֪ʵ۳УȷʵкܶలȫģСΪ
ðɡ߹Ӧ
¡˷١
ƿ㣬úÿ
߹ſȥһ档
ǳˣǿˣԱԼȥ档
š߹ָܵܣ㿴Ǳߺö
ƸſȥȻƳһϤӰ


158 
Բġġǵ, öడ߹˷ܵؿš
ûȥֱֱضǸϤӰ
߹һ£ܵܣڿʲô
ƻ
߹ָ쿴, ѽ
, ƿһ۵, ת, ǸӰѾҲȥѰң߹һŵƻ貵ľǡ
ûһʳйˡ
߹Ͻһ, ʧ·Сԡ
¥˵ױ·СԸߵһЩŻܵ¥ȥҲˣƵ¥Ҳģ϶ζ, ء
ףƬ߹ʧһɨ⣺ֳ
˵ĺе, ƵһûгԹƬ, մ˲ӣ˵ҲǻĵֳͲ͡
߹ԸȤˣ, Ȼ뵽ʲô, ̧۵, 𣿡
¡԰ɡ
߹ݸ¡ꡣ
÷
߹һƬ, , ģӵ֭ˮζζ׽һܣۣúóԡ
Ƴһڣ治
ȥ߹
䣬ϰվôǻۣôóԵƿޡ
߹ʣʣúó𣿡
¡۵ͷһ۲һ÷ƺ߹֪ǲΪ߹һϰˣ˹͢ľнЩ̻ϢܵһȻǣãҲóԡ
ܿأ˰Ѻзùˡ
ص󹬣¡ȥ˶ĸǶ߹ƻصϼһ졣
ԡ֮ɵϣ뵽Ǹھҹ·ϵӰиֲ²⣬ȥѯһ£ڴ˯
õڶղϿΣʣš
ʮһӵ˻ûϽСԷǰ̧š
Żӣʡ
ҡƴ
ԺŴ򿪣ЦʣŻӽôô磿
Ƶ磬𣿡
ֽŴ򿪣ڣջ
߽ȥʣ𣿡ʾɡ
ֲ֪ŻΪʣǰ
ãȥƵ
Ұιι
ƵͷֱԷ
ǡһɫ£ҶƵηţ·һŲ֮
Ƴ֣ϸЦ⣺Żӣˡ
ƻ硣
ô磿ʡ
ƽ͵ʮһˣ͹ˡ
Űɡ
ϼùˡƵ
üôˣǰû÷һΡ
ƴʱкܶʣҲûʲôʳá
Ͽʼš
Ŀתع۲񴡣
ƵĲͬ꣺Żӣлֱ˵
룬ʣʦأ
˲Ǻָȥ˾Ʒ
ȥ˾𣿡
΢
ƶ˶٣׻ʳȥĶˣ
񴶢ƿ峺۾峺ɽȪһ㣬˲£Ĭһճˡ
ҹδ飬ϻ˵Ʋ
û˵
Ƶκ̫ѧʮ涨ѧӽκ̫ѧѧϰ˽Գҹ⣬ҹޡ
ĬĬ˵û
ƶ񴿴
ŵҲԸ¥ƹǱµݽ룬ԣҲܹҹڹ⡣
ƾȵʣ¥ƹ㣿
ͷû
ʲô¶ʡ
񴶢Ƶ۾¥ƹ¶
񴲻˵ȴӻ鷢ڴκ
񴹴˹º͵Ц⣺κŻǰԵ
˳ڵκŻӹעκİȫ
񴾲Ƭ̣ʣŻΣκ
Ʒʣ𣿡
ʣκ¥ƹս£Żѡ񣿡
̥κõĸĸֵܽõ۰ҲǣԴκĸ飬κ˺˺ʹκԿֵڴκðϸ֮಻õ飬ҲΣκȻκˡ
ֱֱؿʣɱ𣿡
룬ץס㣬㣡
ʣȻأ
ƵȻ㻹ҵһѡ
ôѣ
ֱ˵صǰ֮˵£϶ǿڴκҹĽͷҵǼϸΣκ̯ƣҲΪһôÿ˼ѵġ
ů⣬ŻӣҲΣκֻҪһţ¥ƶʹκгͻ
Ƶ㡣
ô׾ңͻȻ
ҲţһԼжϵġʵģֲǰٷְţܹ֤̹ףٷְˡ
ոôҡ
Լʣ𣿡
ԵѾ˺κ¶
ҲǸ˼ͻȻסĸ첲
ˣ
ˣˣƳ񴻳䡣
΢΢ͷֺЦǳǳЦ⣬Ĳ֪ӦСһǺãҪˣҽ㹦򡣡
ҹ򣿡ƾȣΪΣ
ˣѧ㹦򡣡٩
ӵ̫ѧѧˡ
ٽģԺ̫ѧԵǿԵ֡
Զԣʣǲ¥ƹĹ򣿡
ͷ
֪¥ƹ͹ģɽѧѧ벻ѣð
߰ɡ
Ųõ㷹
úЦ˵𣿡
ưСڶ
ֻ£÷ȻһСǰ񴿪ʼ
һ磬˯ǰư˰ȡ
Ƹоرá
ԺҪڼϰ
Ƶͷִһ뿪Է
ԶֲŽ鷿ӣô̴κŻӹ򣿡
¥ƹھƿʼӦÿԻȥᶨĿдЩᣬЩñ۸
κĻʵ̫̫ۡӡӵȵȶϲŻӣһļϣ˭۸ֲʡ
񴲻õؿŶ֣䣺һ۸
ֵͷ
߳鷿Ҫƣʲôû
ʱѾת䣬񴲻Ǽϸѧϰ¥ƹĹ򣬻㿪ʮһӵľõĲ񻰡
Ÿ磡Ȼһ˷ܵ
̧һֻ׺ӳ֣ԣʮһʮӡ
ʶ󿴣ӦÿǴӷԷɡ
Ÿ磡ʮһֺһ顣
ƷܵӦһ
ҵʮһʮӳƱ
Ƶһ㣬ˤˡ
žߴһˤһԡ
ʮһѸȥʮӣת
ɿʮӣĶŵողϣϹϣ۾Ժö࣬Ժö࣬ҶľгԱ
ʮڵգ۾ʮһӡ
ʮһһֵģ


159 ͵
֣ʮӷ
ʮһӲŵʣ˵˭֣˵һ飡
֡ʮӻС, Ҳֻһֵ˵
ʮһӶŽţϵ֣
ʮĵصأ֣
ʮһӼŽţϵ֣
ʮӼĵصأ֣
ȫ֪Լͣ
̿, ˸ǰʮһ, ʮ, Ҫˡ
ʮһӶֹͣ
Цʣôģ
Ҳ, ȻҾܣܵʮһӻش
ŶǾǲ֪ԷĴڡ
Ƴ͸һʣڻȥ𣿡
Ÿش, ش֡ʮһӵ
ʮӵͷš
ЦЦϳɡ
ʮһӷɿС
³ܳذֵʮӱ
ʮһӼ״ʣŸ磬ʮְɣ
Ƶͷ
ʮһ֣
֣ʮӲضá
˵ҴƨƨʮһС֡
ʮ̧Сȭͷ㡣
򲻹աʮһӵҡͷԣұߣ, 򲻹գա
ˣʮһ㲻Ҫˡε˵
ðȡʮһӹԹԵá
м, ʮһԴ, ʮĺƽϢ֮ŭŸ, ȥ˴Ȱ, ̫밲
ƶôô̫ʡ
ߵ̫ߵȥæˡ
æʲô, ͻĸ˵Ļ񡣡
Ʋ˵æʲô, ʣû˵𣿡
̫㸸˵㸸˵, ˵˵
˵˵Ƽ̫ǰһӣɰȵġ
̫һЦˡ
Ρ
̫Ͱ׺Ľζ
ͷϣʮһӳ볡һǣ죬̫Ц
ƷſʮһҺ͸ʡ߽ͻˡ
̫§Ƶƶ˵ļ׶
ʮһӻ˵һңĸҲҡ
̫ЦŵãСʮһҲ
ʮӼ״ŽУҡҡҡ
ԼӣȻ̫ϲƣĿ佱СʮҲǻޱȡ
ʮЦ
ʮһӶʮӵѧѧҾŸ磡
ʮӵѧ
ѧ
ѧ
ָˡ
Сʮһรһ͸·ѧһ㣬˵ĻԣһСĲˣǸӵ౦
Ƽֱ޷СʮһСʮһСʮ죬Ƿǳгġ
Ҳûȥ棬ڴȰһ򳵰Ѱ׺ͻȥȻϼ
ڶȥ̫ѧ̫ѧʳá
ŶӴ򷹡
˻ͻȻͶɩӦڴȰˡ
߹ȵͶɩڴȰ
˻ӵͷ
ΪΣʡ
밲˻ӵͷӻ߹ڹ׵ģǴӳ׵𣬵ս밲ýǵգӦھء
һûмɩء
˻ӵҲûм
ȥȰɡ߹
˻һơ
Ȼ˺һɩҲ֪ɩʲôӣôôɾͰѶµġ
һʳŶӵѧǣֹһʱ䣬ڻشȰȻһ۶޾ͻʱϻüģǵھͻȥȻһ۾ͻϿΡ
߹ŵСҺͰ˵ܲ
Ƶͷ
ĸ̳ʳã̫ѧֱȰܵȰǰԹǵ밲ſſڣӡ
գһغܶࡣ
ɩĶ߹Сʡ
˻ָԱ߾ǡ
˿һθŮӣϲޣƤѩףû˵쪵ġ
ɩúÿ
߹С͵ЦϿɩһһ£һֿһۣ±˰Ѷɩ͵һô
Ƶϲɩԭϲˬġ
ͷĽѽ
ˣǵˡ˻ӵ
ԶԶԣȻҪˡ
߹һ뿴һ
СʮһڣҪǿǣ͸ˡƵ
Ҳʮһӡ
˶ڿŶɩʮһһĸɷһ㣬سš
˶Ǵʮһӣĵس˴Ȱ̾Ʋ̫ѧʧˣĵˣҪٵˡ
˻֪
̫ѧſڣ̫ѧһˡ
߹С˴⣬ˡ
˻ǿ򶨵ţ˵ʿûнѧá
ţǸϽȥɡƵ
ܵѧſڡ
ʿ潲壬תͷѯԭ
˵ǻ˺󹬡
Ǿûоʿ̫¡ۻ̫׼˽뿪̫ѧȻֳٵˣʿдѧǵȨ¡ҲָܹԤģվΰɡ
˹ԹԵվѧ⡣
ʿΡ
Сַվˡ
λҪ𣿡߹ʡ
˻ӵ϶ġ
û뵽ԼһԽߣַվˣϸ룬Ҳֹһʱûֱͦͦվš
߹ͳɣûʲôڶˣվûӵģһʿһ¿Σ̳ѧãѧõ˿òã
˵ͷ
߹ᣬžˣܵܣǶûǶûԣҴ˵ģǳԲԣ
Ͱ˻һҲˡ
Сʱ򾭳վڻﴧŵĺӣ˼״ѧڶɴĵϰߣҲˡ
ĬصЦ
ƵҪ˿ˡ
˵ͷ
ĸܿ˿ӿڴͳԵĵģ͵СߣѸء꡹ҧһڣС첻ɫؾ׽
̼ˮС壬ĸ˲üۣȻҧ׽Ʒһ˴ĵġ
ˡһŲ
˭˻ʡ
ƷֱϤĽŲʣ磬ˣвϤĽŲʮһܡ
ʲô߹󾪡
Ƕǣǡ
ʰɾƵ
ĸ˸Ͻ֣Ĩһͣѡ
¡۵ؿſǽվˡ
¡۲ʣǡ
ѼַվʮһһɸֵӣôѼ
ʮһһš
¡۲ʣǰվһ㷣վٵͳЩεƤС¶ʿ̫¡ۻ㱨ҲͲö֪
Ͽ˯ܣд֣ٵʮһ䣺߽ӣȻҲվ
ʮһܣô֪ģӾȵʡ
˵ʮһӰ
˰ҧ
ʮһָ߹㿴߽еġ
¡۵˶߹մǡ
߹һĨǣĨ
ʮһܹȥСָŵ棺ϵ⣬߽ո͵ԣʣ߽Ϻöģҳԡ
߹ĺݺݶνţСʮһ
ʮһ˲ͬһֻܾèѸٴڵ¡󣬵ʣ죬ң߽Ҫ


160 
䣡¡۳㲻ϴ, ֵܵܣ
߹ʱʵʵվš
ưһ߹С֡
߹תһۣܵɰ
¡ָ˵Ӳ
ʡͻȻڡ
¡Կӡ
ӵŵܵǸս̫ѧû, ̰Щ, ʱ, ѧҵΪء
ɩOŵǰ, ֻܵǻһЩ
¡۱ҪúýѵһǸո»Ķӷ򸾿飬Ҳָ˶˵ӣȻɩΪ˵, ǰ¶Ͳ׷ˣγ鷭´ٸҷط䣡
ǡ
¡΢
ĲʿϽ¡
ض񡣡¡ۼ˶ܾнӣԶӵҪֵܽ, Ϳɣ޺̫Щ¶һԼȥɡ
ǣʡӷ
͸ʡƵ˵
¡̧ǰԺߡ
ʮһ;Ÿһ, תͷ߽ڵ, һ£Ͻͷ׷¡ۣʣȵ, ȵҡ
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ʿӷ, ӭӶӷ, ¶Ժ˵
˺Ͷӷһȥӡ߻ӡ㡢Ӧ, ֵܽ˵˵ЦЦ, ӿƵŵܵܣǻȥˣӭ档
OһƵԴŵܵܳ濡
ƹʣɩɩҺͶ˭
ӿ򼾋O
OӣŵܵǴκ
Ƶһӷ򸾡
O󷽣ӵǺ
Ƶ˼Ц
O۰ؿŶӡ
˺һɫ糣ȻˣҪȡЦңȥϿΰɣˡ
߶ӷ򸾣Ƶ˸пõİŻصѧá
˽ӵ˳񣬱վܳдϣ¡۵һ䡸Ǿ͵ö೭ա
öడɥ
߹ӵСʮһڿ϶󹬶֪Ǽ̫ѧˡ
ʣô찡ҿ϶ڱ˵ǡ
˵˵ʲô߹ҧҪǵСʮһĿӣһ٣
һ򣡡˻Ӻ޺޵˵
Ƶá
ʣŵܵܣиõİ취
е˵ţԽҲǳִƨƨ
ʲô취һʡ
ƹָͷ
˴
ĸԴԴСֹš
߹ã
ͷúúá
̫ˣ˻ӵ
ƵǲҪȰ鳭ˣѰʱ
˵ͷӦ
ĸ˱㿪ʼ飬Ҫģѧʱưôֻ꣬ڼﳭдڶյʳ緹ǰ硣
Ӧһ
ԡڵؽеи񴡣
ʣҪˣ
ĴָǴ
һһؽ黹ƣʲô飿ٱ飿
һһ˵
ôôࣿʡ
˵ԭ
ЦЦ㳭ˣ
һ顣Ƶ
ƽʣʣµĶҳ
ЦЦٳһ飿
顣
ѽЦŴӦԼö飬磬ô鶼ˡ
Сļжˡ
ٻ㡣ְ黹ȥ
Ƶĳֵȥˡ
պ˵ĳɣϿΣȡ˯ܡٵˣԽˬ
ֵݼգһȥȰ·ϿʮһӡʮӺʮӾǽͣ׼ȷ˵ʮһӺʮͣʮڲݵϿӡ
˻һۡ
ʮһܡ
ʮһһ̧ƣ۾ʱһܹŸ磡
ʣǸʲôأ
ͣʮһӵ
ŶҪȥȰƵ
Ҳ֣ʮһӵ
̫ˡָʮһӵСֵ
ϴϴʮһӵ
߹Цð
߰ȡʮһӵ
߸һ˴Ȱ̫¡ںԺĹغͲ˲˵ũҲŹȥ
ô˰̫
¡۵ãˮɡ
ʮһӺʮһǰȻ项һľͰСͰˮϣ߹Ҫˣ
ʮһӵʮܡϵϵңҲϵģ
˻ӵʲôǹġ
ϴǽϺĶ͡
Ƶ㻹Ūʮܵܵѡ
˵ʮܡ˻ӵ
򴲡߹
ǰŶû⣬һ򴲣ʮһƷˣϽСֵҪ˵Ҫ˵ǶҪ˵
ӻϼ齡
Ƶͷ
ˮķ߹
Ƽһ䣺ĸıϡ
ֱ̫üͷ
ʮӻ
ʮӵУʮһ磬ƨƨڸʳ
ʮӷʮ˵ʮһڸʵϷƨ
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¡ָʮһӣСʮһ㣬ͳ
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˼ھ֪ʲôвͳ¡۲ùԼӹǵΪȴû뵽ʮһӷŵˣϷƨ
͵ǰһһѽʮһӱǵʮһӵĿӣŰװֵƨɾǡžžơ
ʮһһ£Ÿܵƨƨۣۡһʴʴƨƨ۰
ʮһƺ¡۷ʮһӡ
ʮһӸоģͣͷһ۹СȣȻӣֲ߹⣬żؿޣʴۣ
˾ǡ𡹵ģǿʮһӰЩۣһ¡顣
̫ҲӻСԾġ
¡ŭȥ
ʵۣ¶ɲҪɣⲻʲô⡣̫˵ţоԽԽһףǰнġ
¡ۿСʮһٲͳúô㣡
ʮһӡءؿš
ǰ
߹ʣ۲
ʮһקſӣͷۡ
˻ʣ֪Ϊʲô򲻣
ʮһӵ
ʣأ
ʮһӵǸ״
Ǹ״״ģ߹
ʮһӺȻ뵽ԼȰȰȵ˵˺ö¶õĻĶ˵㳭˺ܶ飬˵Ժ󲻸
Ըģʲô鶼˵Ƶ
ǣ˵ô࣬㲻𣿡߹
˷ġ
˻ӵͷ
Ժٸ״ʮһӵԡ
Ƶͷߵʮһ󣬵ҿƨƨ
Դŵˡ
ʮһܣƨƨô󣡡߹
Ǳ𿴣𿴡ʮһƨƨƨƨָ켷Եƨƨ󣬶ģһһ»ܲ
䣬ǲҪŵܵܵƨƨ̫
߹ջĿ⡣
ƺͰ˻ӸʮһӴÿӡ
һ߽£̫Ǳ


161 Լ
˽¡۵
ǡӦ
߽, ˹е֣һֱź˺ͶӣĶӿ, Źȥź, Ҳûǹ, ؾ
¡ʣ£
ܿ˿, ֹ
ֵ̫˼ƶǴʮһȥϴϴְɡ
ǡƵ뿪
ֵ̫˵ɣ£
ֵ̫, ر£С
̫¡۶ʱϲ
̫˵ʣˣ
ֻصһ࣬үܸˣû뵽ô죬ս, ׼ƣүֵӣū澹º̫ҲѰһЩ̥֮
, ӵǳ, ֪¶ҸĸˣǶԵġ̫
¡۵ͷǰʲô鶼Ƕ, ǻʼƵġ
ֵ̫̥, 򲻿ɵš
Ӧǡ
¡ۿ̫ĸ, ޺ͻʺ˵һ˵, ѡо, ӷʹ
·æǰ˵ɡ̫
¡룬ĸˡ
̫ͷתֵС಻֮ҪСź򡣡
ֵǣ̫󡣡
̫뿪أ¾һʺú¶
һֱ֪Ӳܳ裬ӺŬϰѩϵȵȻ¡۵ӣʱ򻹺¡ۺ̫һЩˣû뵽ӡ
мл̫䣬л¶䡣
һ˽
ûһʺ˶ˣһϴϲõ뿪
Ƕø˰߹һ߹۲һߵ
ǰ縮ϲ𣿡ʡ
ʮһӵ󣬵õůذ˵Сõοһӣ˵
˻ӵǲɵеôӣ
ϵɩɩӣʮһӵ
ʮһܣҪ̥ʮ¡ʮѵ
ʮһֵϵɩɩ̥
㲻ҪϹ˵ˣСƨƨ
ʮһӽֲͣϵ״Ѽ
߹Ϲ˵Ҳƨƨ
ʮһ̲ҳˡ
һЦո¡ۺ̫˵ĻһֲĶУ֪ʮһǳˡ
Ϊɩɩܣתƻ⣬һ͸ܵϷٹעӵ顣
һ֮󹬲֪ˡ
¡۵ĵһ¡ۺ̫󶼼ΪעܺõչˣҲǿмͳһš
ƵȻӹĺʲôģżӷ򸾽żOĶӣ·𼾋Oк͹ɵĻвһƵġ
һڴСӵĳ
תۼȥ¡
ǱߴϢһӡ
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ʱ¡۴ƺ߹ȥСӺúչ˼Oͺӣ֮СӲЩ밲
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һ˵׷׳Ȱܣ·ʮһӡʮӺʮˡ
߸һ˴Ȱ̫ڶС
밲
̫ĵƶСֶӡ
ǰСӤʵˡ
Oŵܵ˵ûʱССģ֪⼸ԽԽ׳ʵ
׳ʵ˺á̫
˽Դ
̫״ӣСܵÿҲٵܵãǺġ
Цűһһ
ʮһӵѽ
Цܳԡ
ʮһʣһܳ𣿡
ӻʮһԶӣࡣ
Ѽʮһӵ
ͯ޼ɣ̫Ц
ʮһӸ˵ضСССޣи磬Ҹ磬ǳӴ
ںȲ̫Ǻ
˻˵ʮһܣ㲻磬ʮһ壡
ʮһһɵ˵ҳʮһ
߹治ʮһܡ
ԡ
ʮһӵϵһϵѼô
֣㱲ִý塣Ƶ
ҲоŸ𣿡
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ʮһƶǶصͷ
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ôһոɡ
һ˵˵ЦЦ󣬿ʼյ硣
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ƾһ£ʣĸô°
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治֪
̫ŵѾʮһ꣬ŮʮҲг޵ģ㸸꣬ʮټޡ
Ը𣿡ʡ
ǰʱѯʣԸġ
ԿžѾʮһ꣬ǰǸֵޣŮӣǴȥ׿ʼٺ߹˻һˣʱʱһЩ档
̫󣺡ǴΣ
̫˵Ǵӳû
Ʒأĵ⣬߹ǿǿ¸ңʱͣ׳Կϣܹˡ
̫ӦҲǲġ
ͻȻ˳ɳ㯡
ܿ͵ֻҪҸͺãĵسԳԺȺȡ
߹Ͱ˻ʱܲˣȥ̫ѧ·ϣ߹ʣ㣬лԼ
Щߵ˵ͷ
˻ӵô˵
ʵСʱ¶Ҷˣûȥ̫ѧἰ¶ҲԼ
˻ӿ߹߽㡭
ûлԼ߹ն˵꣬ʣ㣬ϲǸʲô𣿡
ߵصͷ㻹СҪ
ʲôʵģ㣬㷢ԽԽϹŶҲҲУҾͱС࣡߹
˼˵
߹㣬㿴ŵ·
߹ŷѾ̫ѧſڡ
Ȼһ
˿ȥһʮ꣬һ˫һۣ״ģǸÿˡ
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롣һĶ
̫ѧ
ӳףҲ˽ȥ
߹ﲻˬ˵ǣ
ԺҪ׵ġ˻ӽӻ
߹ʣǾͲˣ
˻ӵ̫ѧûôأҶǻӹģٲҲǼԺյģҼҲ͵ͷˣòģи񣬻Ҫô
߹ҵ˼ߵúܽ
̸˵ˡ˻Ǹˣ̫ѧ棬Ҳǵһμˣ𣿡
ۿ߹Ҫ˵ˣƵѾѧãǸϽɣȻҪٵˣᷣ顣
˴󲽿ż߽ѧãͷʲôǴȥʣ㣬ڿʲô


162 
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Ű߹
˻ӵȻǿĸ˴СϵͺãһѧϿΣഫҲǳ֮¡
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ɬصͷ
˵λ
߹̲סʣ, ϲӣ
ǰƺͰ˻ϸ
ûش, ͦõġ
߹㲻, ƵģѧصҲû⣬ϼ, ʳг
㣬ôˣʡ
棬ȥĶ߹ʡ
еʳеĸĳԵģȥ͸磬ٿȱʲô
߹ߵƸǰһ, ˳㿴һ°˵ܵܡ˻꣬סڻѾһʱ䡣
߰ɡƵ
߹һԱߺˮĴʣС
٣ţͲˡƵ
߹ͷ߰ɡ
˺ܿ쵽, ʳн, ûȱʲô㲻飬һ𵽰˻ӵס
˻鰸ǰ顣
Ƶ˸, ù
ҲŸո鿴˻ӷ飺ôˣ
㰡Ƶ
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˻Ӳʣ߽ôˣ
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߹ͷš
˻߹ƶ˵ˮ, µΪʲô
Ҫˣ߹ﲻζ˵
ƺȿˮء
߹ʵʵ˵֪, ҾеƵġ
ѵ㲻Ҹ𣿡˻ʡ
߹Ȼˡ
㿴Ҹ𣿡˻ʡ
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ʲôأ˻ʡ
߹˼·һ˳ˣʣ԰ʲôأ
˻Ц
Ƶ׵ʱǾ˵ǸԳɼңһﶼŶԷԶֵܽãˣҲǵ㰡
˻ӵͷԡ
߹ȻʣðɣͨˣҸովǾЩͻȻ̫ӦºˣֻҪҸ־ˣ
ţ߹ôһ¸ָԵСƵͷ˵öԡ
Ϊҵɾһ߹
˻ʣʲô
ˮ߹ˮ
ģ˱ӣԲƺ󣬿ʼһЩȤ£̫ɽʱƺ߹뿪
˶лԼһ£һ۵ԼᣬȤ䣬Ȼĸ˼һѧϰһȹơ
ĸĸҲȥˡ
Ȳˡ߹
ͷ´Ρ
ڶ߹Ͱ˻ڻȹơ
úȡ߹
˻ӵͷ
ֺһڣĹƶǳǳͣԺԲƣСҲ͵͵һȡ
ںȾƣʮһͻȻ֡
˷
ʮһӷ߷ߵҪ߻ĸ
߹װͰ͵СʮһҸߣҾͰǵӣƨɣ
˻ӵѧĻǶŹ㡣
ʮһһˣȻʮҲ״ϵ״Լʵĸ״оֽһСʮѧ״
Ƶȥ
֣סѼʮһӵ
߹ֹǰ˽һһ׵𡣡
߽㣬˵ʲôѼʮһʡ
ƵûʲôȥʮܣȻ͹ˡ
ǰѾۣȻס鷳ʮһתأվͬһսϡ
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ʮһӲʣô˵ˣסʮܵģôתۼŸͲء
ʮӸŵѼô
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סң¡¡涼ˣһȦûҵ
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غʮɷµص׷
׷
ӻСӳȥ
˴ӷȾơ
˻ӵСʮҲǾŸŸġ
߹Цʮһͬͬ˯˵¶һһģȻһŵܵˡ
ãżиʮܵ㣬ȻǾҪסϼˡƵ
߹˻Ц
˼ȹ졣
ڶ߹ѧ
һȥ
ɫĳ
߹ʣ㣬ôһ۵ӣǲΪˣӦܾãû˯ã
ͷ
ƵһϿλ᲻˯
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ЦЦҿԳŵ˯˯ģᷣġ
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̫ѧȻû˯Ǿ̫á
ѧ߹㣬ջȥ˯
ͷ
ڶɫǲ̫ã۾Щס
ѯʡ
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գҲԼᣬû˵ҸɬЦݣдĨȥİˣż
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춼˵˻ӵ
Ƶͷʾû˯á
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ˣ˻ʡ
ˣֱȥʡ߹
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ԣϽͷᡣ
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˵
Ƶ㣬Ǵ˴ˣԣǣǲ𣿡
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߹ͷҲصת䡣
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ϽĨһᣬ̧ȥ׷
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Ӳ֪߹˵˭Ӧӡ
߹ǰһѽӣ̧Ⱦһţ项һֱӽӴ¡
ѧʱһƬ
ѧӼӰܹʣѾͷʲô
򹷣߹ڵ˵
Ҵ򱾵£¿ǻˣŭشȭ߹
߹ܹӭ͸һȭȻ߹󣺡㣡Ҵκ
һˤſ£ŭҴ򣡺ݺݵش򣡡
ѧһƺ߹
ƺ߹˿£Ӿա
˻Ӽ״˵֡
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һܱߺŻӴˣκŻӴˣ
ϿεӦ롢ӡ߻ӡѸٴѧ
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163 
ӵء
Ӷȡ
鼮ѩƬƵ
ơ߹Ͱ˻ŵվ, ɢŭűߺ˵Ű˸꣬ӴӴʹ
Ӧ, û˵
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ʿĲʿ춼֮Ҳ, ɱûɱһֲбĳ棬֪ؿ̫
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۵˵
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Χѧӹ࣬ߺܰӰ鿴顣̫ҽ
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δǰòҪƶ̫ҽ
ʿϹΡ̫Ȼ뵽ŵӵģϽĿڵտΣǷһ¡
ǡʿæӦ
ʿΧ۵ѧǴߡ
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صǣ
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ǡ
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̧ۿˣһƵĳɳиķˣССƶϴζÿĲ񻰡
ԱȰ˸һЩԺذѰ˸ΪʵǽģԼֳܱĵɫ̫ҽʣ˵Σ
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¡۲㿴˵û߹˵д޲֪һ֮ʣǶƽС
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ǡ
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Ƶ˵һ䣬㺰һ䡣
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ˣ㲻úˡ̫߳ѧƵ
߹ͣź
˻ʣ߽㣬㻹𣿡
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ˡ߹ָе
Σִˣˣ϶ˣеġ˻ʴӻͳһˡ
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㣬ôֿˣ˻ʡ
߹ʣǲǸعˣ
ҡͷǣҶԲǣҺܷ
Ҫ˵Ļǵ㣬¶ǵ¶߹Ƕ˵һֳġ
ǣһֱమ˻ӵ
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߹ӹУŶӵö
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ǡ̾Ϳʼ
߹Ͱ˻Ӹѧ
ûġ
һǴԡ
һůޡ
ﵹˮСģݳһƵݳԸ࣡
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˸һģǳһڡ
߹Цóѽ
˻ӵǰѵԹ⣬ͱ
ܳꡣƵ֪ǻܶãʡŵ㡣
߹ҪǺüհɣ


164 
Ƶ࣡
߹˵̫ˣ
ǵġ˻ӽ͵ǴκĻʵ, ùȫ֣ǣѧǻôκʧ, Ǵκá
ͷ
߹ʣǸҪôǣ
ƵھصĴ
⣿߹档
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û
˻ʣʲô
߹ȥץָմջֽģ̡
ʣСġ
е㡣߹ŵζ
Ѿųǿȡ
ŵܵ˵Կȣпȡ
ɸ𣿡˻ӵ
߹ù¹⣬ֽϻһƲʣŵܻܵƲʡ
񴡣ϲá
רͼȸŵܵܳԣʡ


165 
Ƶͷš
߹˼ˡ
˻ӵӺ;ŵܹܵϵá
, ҺǺѡƵ
áܵܣˣϽ԰ɡ
, ӦûпȡƵ
߹ʣô֪
ƽСַŵС, һ, , ·ּ䴩һ㡣
ͬʱ⴫ͬһһĲɽ
˾ˡ
ǻ磡
ţѧġƵ
߹ŵ˼ζкܶ࿾ȡ
Ƶͷţ¶, ׼˿ȣҲ׼ġ
ͣˡ
ʾл
һϮµվڿط⣬ЦЦתûڰ
Ƶˡ
Ƕûилء
ǳȥл˻ӵ
ԣȳ԰ɡƵ
˵ͷ
ĸһܵط, һһʳõǽǣ¹һһ򿪣İȡһ⡢һСͷ, һײˡһˮ
÷ʢϲ
߹ʿˮ㰡
Ƶ԰ɡ
˻ӵҪҪϴϴ֣
Ǹɾġ߹ץһֻȾҧ, ִļƤѿ֭ˮļǻʡ̡ζһϮ, Ļζӵúóԣĺúóԣ
ƺ֪¿ˮ
߹Ÿʲô, ԰
ƺԡ
˻Ҳܲ, ץһֻȾͳԡ
߹ʣ˵ܵ, ó𣿡
˻ӵͷ絷⣺óԡ
߳Աߵĺ㡣
߹Ҳζ
ƳԳֿ, ůϲãԽĿȺóԡ
ĸʵ̫Ҳٶ˵һͷԳԳԡ
ûһʳԹ⣬Ų빾˳һ˳
߹пҸѽ
ƽչʲôУҸˣŷֳԱһҸˡ
û˻ͬ
ƵʣµЩͷӳȥ˷ֲ̫á
򵥣߹
ӡ
˵䣬ȻһӴɽ
߹ʣֻˣ
˻ӸʣûгԱ
ϸ񴡣
˭ʡ
߸硣ǽĶ
ѾԱѽ߹
ôֹ˻ʡ
طرģĸ˵޺
ŰɡƵ
һֽŸŽ
Ƽ
ĸ˽¹⿴ӵּŵܵܣǣ߸磬ǲǵģǺúóԺú˯Ҫֽˡ
԰ɡƵ
˵ͷ
ʱвɽ
춯Ǹ硣
磿߹ʡ
Ƶͷ
ûһӦ붼½ˡ
˿ŵϳɶѵʳ
յˡ
ˡ߹
Ҳˡ˻ӵ
ƵͷǻԳԸҹ
ĸǿЦãֻϣЩղҪһһʳˣˣͨｻֹʳ
Ӧ롢߻ӡͺĲ˻Ǹ͸ģ񻹲öԷ֪
ĸֻýʵʵسššźҹ
ôա
ڶС߹˻ӡŻӣǿԳȥˡ
֮¶ˣ߹ʡ
ǡ
˻ʣνģ
ְ֪
ã⼸ˡƵ
Сܿˡ
˵ûá
롣Сֵ
˸С˿̲һۿſڽȴӦ롢ӡ㡢߻Ӻͺ
˸˵غ
Ӧ˴˽ط𣬾ʮֵ˵һˣ֪ˣƼݵӡ
û뵽ˣˣСǸͷװֵģܿɿڡ
Ӧ뺰šŵܵܣ㡢ǡ
ӵôˣ
ֲ١
߻ӵͷ
˵ûԵ𣿡
˻۲Է񡢺ˡ
߹ǣ
Ӧơ
ʳ̫ˡ
˻ӸСһĶ٣ٶټ⵰
Ƶʳ̫ʵˡ
ͷ
Ӧ֪ԭҶ͵͵ͶιʳԲŰѵܵιô֡
ǿԲ԰
߹˷ѿɳܣ
ðɡ
߹תӦ磬ˣ
ûȫӦ
ʣʲô˼
߱˵ɡӦ
Ÿ뿪̲
Ӧӡ㡢߻ӺͺȻ̫ѧȻŸһ̫ˡ
ţ˵Ž
̫ǰŮ죬˵һӣû뵽ӵĶ⣬ϴԾɶ飬߹˻Ӻ;ŻȰӻͷ֪õǴѧӵȺŹ߹ǲԲŻ֡
˻ӵ
ͷҲÿԡ
ӦκѧҲͬһ㡣
߹ϲʣͬˣ
ӦͷԹ˶ฺģǿúԼᣬǵʱ̫ѧµЩȷʵվߡ
˿ġ
Ǳô˵ʡ
ӦЦһô˵νȻǰǴˣǸʵһʱ䴦ǣѹڳˣκѧҲǵĹƽͬǺ֣
ƵͷûĻأ
ŵؿӦ롣
ӦѾռ¸ߵأȻҪ
߹ĸ첲㣬㿴㿴Ҫˣ
۾ͷţ
ƺͰ˻ӿġ
Ӧ뿪֮࣬ĵؿˡ
˻ʣ磬ôˣ
Ӧüգôôࣿʵӻ޳ģԲĹˡ
˶ʱ
ӦҪǻ̫ѧǲܷ˰
˵С
߹һΪǹء
뵽һ취ɡƵ
Ӧʣʲô취
װΣƵ
װΣӦʣ𣿡
ϸ͵ѧ˰ɣڴ̫ѧſ·ȻҺһεʹŵܵܣáȻͰ˸˵ǶΡģȻϽһߣѧǿǵǺòҡ
Ϊʲôε߹ص
ƵСĹȣεȽ˵
˻΢˼һ£ҾС
ӦһЦƵԴа취
ƵǾôˣߡ
ʱ䣬ȻԴӦһ¶ӣŵ̫ѧ
̫ѧѧѧˡ
ŻǴ̫ѧˡ
հ
ɲôСļӹ
ǣκǺġ
йӷͬ
˵ֲء
˵κӹˡ

㣬ΣšС
Ӧ󵹡
߹Ͻס㣡㣬ôˣ
һſӦϡ
Ӧźŵܵܣŵܵܣ
˻ӵ;ŵܵܶˣ
ҾŸʮһͻȻ֡
ʮӵŸҪˡ
ʮӵϵϵҪ
Ҫ

ʮһǰһֻ˸ŵĴҾŸҪŸ磬㲻ҵľŸ磡أҵľŸҪ
ʮܵȾͷޣ۰Ÿ磡
ʮ˴ס
ʮһʮӱܱ߿ޣŸأ
һ£ץӦѵ磬ߣȻ¶ˣ


166 ѧҽ
ӦһѽƱ
˵̫ҽСѡ
Ӧ̴󺰣̫ҽ, Ȱ
Ʊ۾굽ӦĻֹ߹⡣
߹Ͱ˻Ҳǵͷ
˻ŵ
ææʻ
ʮһӱܱߺУҾŸҪ
ʮ۵ؿޡ
ʮûŪ, ֻøܡ
̫ѧѧֱֱؿ׷, ֱ, ǲŻع, ҵ
κŻҪˣ
дκ
˵Ƕˣ
ļٵģ
ĺӣ޵ң϶ġ
Сǲƭ˵ģ
û, طˮܷһϢʱܳϡౣû뵽ӹҲִκ˾۷
κ߹Ͱ˻ôûε
ǱȾŻӴ, ȻһЩ
˰
治ǼٲǼˡ
κǳ֮ˡ
̫ˣ
Ǵκ߹˻Ӻ;ŻеһˣҲһ٣˾ͽط
û, ߹û, κĸá
Ǿǡ
ѧǻţǱѾ˺󹬣Ӧ, ֱʻȰſڡ
Ƶ, Ϸס
Ӧ, ұ㡣
, 㱳, ҷƵ
Ӧ뱳ƽȰ
߹š
Сá
߹˵ҿԱ㡣
ûҷأǶͷ˻
Ӧ⣬˲¶߽Ƶ˯
վӡ
ƶƶôˣ̫
ĸˡ˻ӵ
ûϵġƵ
̫֪ƴ֮£ܽǿͬĴˡ
˵˽˿طԸˣ¡֤ƵţŹȫ֣ûֹ¡۴ˡ
ֻһչȥˣûмСƶˣμСƶ˺ܶ࣬һҹû˯ãġ
Ȼ˵СƶˣȴˣŻˣϽǿСԲˣǶεӣػһƶ
ĸȥ§̫ûмˣҲǺ̵ġ
̫§ƣ۵ģܿˡ
ûСƵĸûܿࡣ
ҲҲûܿࡣ
̫󲻽⡣
Ʒſ̫̫Աţǽط˵˵Ͷι̫࣬³֣òװŪȥ
̫ƵСˣ
ЦѧǿˣͲŸѽ
ԣǶԵġ̫Ц۾
ҾŸĶѼʮһӺĿ

˻ӵʮһǸ͡
Ƶĸǵüװ
ã㶼Ƕһĸ̫ҽǿĸ
ƺһŴϡ
ʮһӺʮӴӹ˻ʮ߽ȸ̫
̫ɣʮһʮôˣ
ʮһӿƣһ۵һִҾŸҪáѾ޵Ĵá
Ϲ˵̫ܼɻ˵Ƕˡ
áʮһӿһֹ
Ȼᡣ̫
Ÿ磡áʮһߵǰŴϵƺ
ûзӦ
ʮһӿ̫ĸãŸľѣã
һ̫ҽˣǿһˡ̫
Ӧ㲻Ҫˡ
ãáʮһֹͣ
ʮӸţá
ʮһӡáһ
ʮӸšáһ
˻ӵôã
ʮһӻش𣺡ãҿؼؼסҼļѼá
˻ӵҲʮһӵˡ
̫ҽܿƺ
̫ӦǶˡ
̫ҽŴκŴκĻӹģ̫˼ŵǶˣɡ
̫ͷǮ
̫ҽˡ
ƺšѡ
ʮһӾϲУšáŸã
ƶСʮһְַģСʮһ໿޽Уһ̶ϰϲ磬ſ޵ã۵СʮһԣŸ粻ˣҲҪˡ
ãáʮһ
ʣõܲ
ᣬģáʮһӿڳݲذѡܡ˵ɡ᡹
Ƶȥ㣬һΡ
ţáʮһܵǰˡ
ںڵʮӰСչ
ɻʣʮܣʲô
Ÿ磬ãҲ
εʮӵСҲȥֹá
ʮӻܵʮһӸǰ
ʮһһ䣺ѧ
ʮӵŸϡѼ
׺Ӳˣʼ硣
̫˶̲סЦˡ
ʱõϢɡ¡۶ˣˣһǰѯʣȰһӡ
̫Ϊ˳ԿˣڴȰ
Ҳ飬½뿪
̫Ӧ롢¡ۺҪ飬һΪʱҪȥ̫ѧں΢ʣȻȥ̫ѧ
û뵽Ҳмʵһ졣
߹Ҳüʣˡ
¡۵С
˵һ¡ۺӦ뿪
ԡ¡
տʼ˾ڴȰѧϰ
ʮһȻơ
żҲһ档
̫ѧǱִ߹˻Ϣ˶ûϿΣѧԽͬˣҲԽӵˡ
ͬܿͨ鴫˸ҡ
ҶκԴЩϣǱҲƷƳӵĴ˿ӱ޵κʹӵΪӵͬʱκǸش档
¡һް¡ӣֿ˻ȡκʹӵ£ҽܴӵȵĵǸַǳĻغʹ
һʱκ׬ģ¡۸˵òˣʹͲοˡ
Ʋףͷ
¹ʣŮҪʹͣŮֻи󡣡
¡ɺʣʲô󣿺˴񣿡
ʣŮȥ̫ҽԺѧҽ̫ҽԺ˲ڶ࣬һֱҪȥѧϰξ֮¶Ƶ˿£ȷԼĿ꣬ѧҽϿҵ븸ʳȫ
¡һ£ʵû뵽˴󵨣Ҫ̫ҽԺѧҽѧҽ
ʣҲǹԺҪ󽫾߹ɱУΪ
¡ۿһ߹Ů˵˵뵱ʴۣţ߹ѧҽࡣ
Ů£Ůϲ
¡ֵ̫ҽԺҲף޲˽
Ůƾ½ȥ
¡ĬĬʣĸô˵
Ůûк˵
¡۵
ĸͬ⣬ʾͬˣʡ
¡۵ͷš
ϲлʡ
ˣɡ
ĵˡ
Ϊ¸ҳɹһϲá
¡ɨһۣˣһ½ҲڴȰ˶գҿҲûôԲˣظĸǶգ׼׼̫ѧѧϰɡ
ǡ˱뿪Ȱ
ϼһգЩ㺰߹һùûпżʮһˡ
߹˰̫ѨС棺ôộôô죿ʱؿҵǡ
ʱҲСʮһһЩ罻˵¡۴ȵȣʮһӣʣʮܵܺʮأ
ţһҵġʮһӵ
֪ʮһӻԼɴ֣߽ù
ʮһӿĵظտƵģӭ̫ҡͷԡ
ùƲŷֻˣûţ߹һ񣬱䡣
еҽ飬ӭӡ
¡
ץһѹӸʮһӳԡ
߹ʣ㣬ͻ˵ѧҽ𣿡
ûü˵ĸǾˡ
Ƶûϵ˵
ͷ
һĸ˽
ƸղڴͿϣݵ̫̫úͨĻǺÿ
߹
߹ܿҪĵܵá
ЦһҲͨСӣԽתֱһҽ飬ɫֿҽˡ
šӦһ
ϵЩ黹ٿΪ
˵ʮһӿʣΪΣ
Ů޲űǵ£ĸġϵ
ʮһԻʲôʣ㶼𣿡
ϵ
ôۣʮһӴΪ̾ҽôСҶ飬μǣöö࣬㶼ร
ɫЩÿӲ΢Ц
һĸϵգĸҲŸĸҲ飬㶼ʮһӺضϣ۾飬ƭֽƭֽʱް㣡
Ц˲佩ס


167 Ӳʩ
Ц
ʮһСԴʣҪ𣿡
ϲȻػص롣
ʮһƶÿ飡𣿡
ϲʮһӡ
ʮһһʡĸĸͽĽѵ, ѵһûģ˲еԼѧ峵Ÿ߰˶̾ؽʵ˵һ, ͸ϣô, 㲻뿴飿
ʮһ, 
ÿ㿴, ҿ飬Ҷ飬κССʮһ֮ͻȻ, Ӻף뵽ˣκнˣ
߹Сһ¡
ԣʮһӿϵ𣿡
ǿˣΪǰĻӹСƨϰԵﲻ, ͼ߰뷨޸ȨƵˣҲĶкô
û뵽ô˵ӣе뷨˵, ﲻ, ɶԷǵʥϵʮһӣĲǣֻܷܵͷ֪
ʮһȴһѧ¡۵Ŀǣ֪𣿡
ϼܵʣ֪Ҫʲô
ѼѼҸոն˵һ, 㻹ǲס, 㲻Ѽö࿴, ࿴ܱʮһӿĵǿҪ࿴飡
Сƨ¶, ϵʮһ, Ѿ٣ʵڿȥ
ʮһӽӻǲУÿǶľп㻹㿴κϵľнģôƨ
˵ƨƨ߹ѸſʮһӶߣŰСƨƨš
ѼʮһСʡ
߹˵ӣҪ˵ƨƨ
ʮһӹԹԵͷţ˵ֽ
߹ӡ
ʮһӽŵֽ
ӣϾÿЦ
ʮһӵţ߸ʣֽݺݴ򣡡
ϱ͵ʮһֻ棬ûзϣʡ֣ڴ󾪣Ҫ߱£
ţ߸ʣʮһ
߹յƶߣ᲻ص״
ÿζ״ġ⻰˵
뵽СӸ״ӣʲô˵Ƕ˵һ䡸СӲƭ˵ġȻ󡭡Ȼ¡ʮһӵĻĻᰤӡ
ˣۣԲ԰ӣʮһӵĻЦʮһ˵Цˣ飬Ҳǡ
ʮһӾϲʣգ
ġǿЦ
ʮһӿĵҪ濴Ӵ
ϵͷȻ
һӴʮһ̫ѧѧ仰
ϲʣ飿ʲô
ʮһӦ˵ľ濴鰡
û뵽ʮһӻ浱¶ˡ
ʼȣʮһӵ
ϲʣʼʲô
鰡ʮһӴӵϻһ飬Ҳʶ֣ȴƺĵǰȡ
Ȼʣ¾Ϳ
ѼҪץʱ俴ģһһ𡣡ʮһ˵һһ𡹣˵ãһӳ
ķǳ飬ʱƤ̫ѨͻͻĲʮһӾˣܾ⺢ӺǸͻȻл¶ڴ˾иˡ
㻹ľп鰡ʮһӵ
ظͿ
ʮһӵһҪӴ
ǡϼߡ
СʮһӸϡ
Ͽż
ʮһСŵ㿴飡
á˦СֶգֻӦ
ʮһӱܱߵϵҽ飡
ǡ
˵ģãֽʴ򣡡
ǡ
ʮһСȰȰȸͣһֱ׷ϵ˴
˲ĵظ
ôˣһǱӣʡ
пԡ
ʮһӵĸ˵˵Ҫظ飬㿴ҽ顣
ϣʮһ˵ģ
޿κεصɿɡ
ͬҽģǰ޸ͣ˵Ƕҽβãݵ£࣬ζãֻȰŮѧҽû뵽ִӦŮѧҽˡ
ƿڣѴӦ̫ҽԺѧҽ
Ͼ㵣ѧҽ
ǿһ飺ʴӦģˡʡ֡
߹͵׿˵ġ

ǸʴӦģŮĸĸΣ
ôˣ㻹ѧҽΪѾѧҽ¶ˡ
ͷŮϲ
ЦЦãǾѧ
ʡ־ͺ£Ӹ״Ҳֹ
ƹ˵ڻϷˡʶ֧̫ҽԺˣһϲ°
԰Ǵϲ¡߹
ðѽʮһ֣ðð
Ц
Ҳ¶ϲõЦݡ
һ޹ӵϷˣ㲻𣿡
ϵ˸ˡ
ʮһָ㶼ľЦ
ϱȼһѿЦݣоԼͷƵģŻӡ߹ʮһӼڻϿðð̡
ûһ취һҲл¶ˡ
ʣŸûãߡǰϽ޲ùһա
ˣߡϼææùߡ
ŮǸϡ
ƸϽϷˣ㰡
òãŻӡϵ
ƫҪͣĸӦġ
ԣ㡣߹ߡ
ʮһȻơ
״Ҳǰ
֪ĸôͻȻˣЩԼ·ҲͲˣչŵܵá
ĸġӦ
׷ϡ
ϲķɿ죬ͼҪ˦ˣû˦۵ģŻ˲ӡ
ֵϷˣߣ㿴㶼ˡ
ĸż
ϵżҲҲѼʮһӽӻ
Ц
ǺӣûôܰȰȵģǻЦŵǣ߹˻ӣŻӣˣԼžˡ
УǲòƵ
ʮһӵԣòҪֽģ
ʮһ˵ĶԣòҪӵģƿظ
Ÿ磬òʮһ
ţòƹʣ֪ʲôвò𣿡
ŵʱ໴Сʮһӵ
ԡƵͷ
ʮһֵŴ˵
ԡأ
ѵþŸôԸԼ˵ʮһ˷ܼˣճëƤĲò¶˵
ʮһܣ˵Щ˼ӡ߹ӻ
Ʋʣ߽и߼
߹С¶ԴǴ¶
ôŻԴ޺ʡ
߹һӹɲԴݻᣬ˵ˣ֪Ｘͼӹ¶ģҪԴ
项һϺȻˤڵء
ϷˣϷˣϵŮ
˸Ͻǰôˣ
Žʹ
Ƽ״ϣϷˣ㻹𣿡
ϴУҪҪ˵ˡ
죬ǸϽȥ̫ҽƵ
ҪҪǻظظҽΣϴ


168 
ô, ڹˤľڹΣƼϡ
Ÿ˵öԣʮһǰק
߹øû
ѯʣĸоΣ
оϱظƫƫŻЩʡĵҪ, ˦˦, ;Ͱ, ŻСȰһ·, һûͣ˵ʲôòӵ¶
̲סԺԼٲò飬Щ, ɵüӿ첽ӣ֪߹һ䡰˵ˣ֪Ｘͼӹ¶ģҪԴ, һֱ˽š
۰
Ҫˡ
ǾŻһӳûûصԩҰ, Ū
һһе, ȫû·Ӧоȥ, Ͳˡ
뿪
뿪µĻʹ, Ӳŵ, оܺ, û, ûˣŻǲҪųԼ
Ʋŵʣ𣿡
ģ֡ϵվǿ
֡
վŪȥûˡ
ջ˵ŽţظҽεġƵ
ʮһ͵ͷҲ
ոճҲΪ˽ˣʵû¶ֻΪԼƱѾû¶ˡ
ǿһģԺú·ˣǲܹģ
˸ͣԣ
ϼҪҧۣŻӣŻӵĲⳤģ֪˻ۣظظҽĽŰֻҧ۵Ķͷðϸϸܵĺ飺û¶ɡ
ŵ·е㲻Ȼѽ
·ġϳʹЦݡ
̫ҽһɣȻᵣĵģǵġƼֵ
ܾòãлŻӹġ
ϵʵ治ã
æصͷ档
û¶
棡϶ͷŻӷŹҪ˵һЩ޹ؽҪģȥҽΰɣ۵ܲˡ
Ҿมգ۾ÿĲ񻰡
ȴĵĲˣǳˡ
ƵϷߡ
ӲۣߵǰŮĲʻţſʼʹӴҵĽţҵĽŲҪˣ˰
ŮϷˣ
ҧظ
Ů̴ߴ
ɫҰ׵˵ȥ֮󣬶˵ڹ˽ţȻǡ
ŮϽӦǡ
ϼʹоճûơ߹ʮһɷǣǸްȴֻţоۣԿҲ۵Ĳˣͬʱ˻ſڡ
ϷʮһԶ
Ƶͷ
ĸĽ˵ˡѧһЩҽó˽ˡ
߹׿ʣ㣬㲻˰ɣ
ûУֵĸǰ޿ֵġĸܲĸ޿ˣÿضЭ
ģġƵ
ʣΪΣ
ѯʣ˵û˵ͷҪ˵˵ţǲǷƾǷϿ֣ԲŻѯʡ
һ򷴷ġĸûʲôøУﶼôߵӡ
ͻǰТ˳Һͽ㡢ʮһܿɲǺǵġƵ
ţ߹ʮһһͷ
߹㣬Լ
ƽӻĸûж飬ʶ٣úŪ˾ˡĸ游ǴһЩģ㲻ǻǻǡ
Ǿǡ߹
ʮһӸŵϵϵ
ţһġƶ
𣿡߹ŵʣĻ𣿡
ģҺǰһˣҺܿͿԽ̫ҽԺѧҽˡӻŮӣһ֮ǶһֵҲźܶࡣ
߹ܵȾͷͬ
ʮһӰֵ
ʮһӵ̲סŵСƨ˵ͽӻ
ʮһľС
ƼࣺľУͽӻ
߹ʮһӵڵܵб仯ܺӣܵܣ֣Ҳࡣ
֣߹ʮһӵ࣬ţʮһĿЦһ佱ʮһӸոյķֱ̫Ưˡ
΢Цſʮһӵ˵÷ǳã
˴ĴָƯ
߹ʮһܣ̫˵ˣ
ʮһӸ˵ŤӵҴ
ʣôôʶ
ʮһӵ鶼ϵǽѵҵۣ
˾һ£ҲΪʮһ̫Ƥʵˣʱʱ˵߶˵߶Сʮһû뵽Сʮһסˣƽ͵Ϊá
죡ʮһͦġ
ʮһƵ
ʮһӿĵͷ
ʮһܡЦлյİæ
߹һлʮһܡ
ҪлҪлʮһӰֵҲҪлġ
Ҫʲô
ʮһӶ̸첲һ죺߲һȥȡ
ҿܱ㣬ù˱
Ǳʮһ̸ֻ˰ڵ
ʮһܣöܶ߹Ȱ˵
ƴʮһҲ㡣
ԱңҺᡣʮһӳˣŸ磬㣬߽㣬
Ƽ״˸Ͻܡ
ʮһ׷Ѽ
ĸһڻʹʯ·ţŲȤζûһֵЦ˵۰СʮһܵܵģһͣЪϢȻֻű̧СʮһڰʮһӰ˵Ȱ
Ѿûȥ̫ƫ԰Ĵʯͷţ
ʮһӿĵؿʣŸ磬
Ƶͷǰĺصġ
ҶۡʮһӸ˵
߹ĨŶͷϵĺ㵱Ȼۣ㶼ûж
ʮһӷǳ̹ϣϵǱңң̧ѽ
˲ʮһˣֶˣ˴Ӷóĳԡ
߹ʮһӵͲԡ
ʮһСóһģУö࣡
߹û뵽ʮһӻҲеġ
ЦŵܵܣҶѧˡ
ƿЦãͦãһʲô¶ںܿ
óԣǳԲԣʮһԸ㡣
ҧһǶС
ðȣʮһߡ
ĸسŵġ
ȻС԰ﴫ¡ۺ̫
˵ѱ䣿̫ʡ
û¡˵Ӵˡ
̫һдκġ
¡ĬĬԴȥġ
ʲô˼̫ʡ
ˡ¡۵
̫΢΢𣿡
¡۰ľǴӣĵѹʹ˵ĺأһֱȻС
⻰ܹҲˡ
һƫ԰
¡ۺ̫߳΢΢һ㶡
ƿʣʣĸ˻ˣ


169 
¡ʣǶˣ
˵ͷ
¡Ҳûʲô, ֻ˵¶ʱҪ˵ȥ
˼ͷ
¡̾Ϣһ
ƹĵʣʣԶˣ
¡۵Ѿˡ
̫ҽȥ𣿡
Ƕ̫ҽ¡۾´֮ģԷʱΪʵ̫ҽŴӡ
Ƶĵʣô죿
ֻˡ¡۵
˸ܵ¡۵, ͬʱĬ
¡۷̫ĸ, , ݰɡ
̫ͷ, Ȼƶ𣿡
ƵͷĸЪŰɡ
̫¡ˡ
Ȼһ
߹Сʲô˼
̫ҽĶˡ
ʮһãȻʣ
ش𣺡Ӧ˿ιҩ¡
߹ʣΪʲô绹ǷȻأ
Ǻص˿ڸȾס
߹ʮһ
ƳĬһ, 㣬и취
ʣʲô취
ҩԡƵ
ʣҩ裿
šԾ
˼ʶƵ˿ƵĻϲôȣ
ߡƵ
˴Ӧ
ĸ˳˴Ȱһ·Сũ˾, ۵ũ˾żЪϢһ߽ũ˾Ĵ﷿Ͳˡȵũ
ưѰק
⣿ŵʡ
šƵͷ
ҩ裿ˣһЩ۵Ļݲݶһζҩ, Ĳ֪ҩ, Լҽ̫١
Ƶͷԡ
ܵܣ𣿡߹ʡ
еáƵ
ʣ
ϱС˵˽⵽ùغʹؿ׵ЧͲһЩ, ù̫, Ǵȴѡ
Ҳȥ·ʱ, ũ˾ջ, ص뷨, ɹĻ԰ũ˾ķչҪǿԾȺܶ
һ
èˣιèèͻˣȻҲΪèӺãǾôһãʵ֮ǰèܳȥ棬ˣҾŪ˵ҩιͺˡ
Ǵоˣ߹ϲʡ
Ҳ֪Ǹϣ޷ȷЩİӡ
ԣǿһԡ
Ƶͷ
߹һֱǸжɣߴٵǸϽɡ
ʮһӸŵѽѽ
ɻʣŵܵܣʲôģ

һ칫һۿҵĳϰڷŸƿ֮ܺͭġ
ϵʮһӲʶ
װãҩõġƵ
˾̾
߹ʣô뵽װõģ
ģƾװðûʱѾоƾװֻûôϸǰϱӵļ䶨װõġ
˻Ȼ򣬵Ծɾƺ
߹װã󲿷ֶƷ
úܶӰɡ
ȷʵܹ󣬵ƸǮÿӵĹ̶ٺ»⣬нκʹκز롣
Ÿӣʮһӽӻ
ûƵ
ʣЩôã
ʵͺƾġƼ˵
룬ʣǲȡ
ȻѧҽġƵ
ҲͶҽѡ˼˵
Ҳǿ˼ҽ飬û¶Ūû뵽Ծè֪ܾܲȴ硣Ʋȷ
˾֪ˡ߹
ļŵܵܣô
ǵ⣬ʹеⰱⰱùѧӦγɿ׵õĴء˿϶ЩģƼ򵥵˵ȡеĴͣڷɱ
岽ǰƤ顢ءܱø⡢ʼ󡢻ôءۻϡɡĥɷۡװҩоС
鷳ѼʮһһҲû
Ҳͦ¶˰Ѱ˻ӡʮӡʮӺǹ˶һ֡
ʮӡʮһӡʮӺ˰Ƥ˵⣬˻ӳأ߹ܷø⡣
ӺƽøĴתƵƿУȼƿµ
ʽʼ
ʮһŴƿ⽥ðϸСݣˮ˳Ųͭܡ
һһλǵҺСƿС
Ǹʲôͳ𣿡߹ʡ
ȷصûаɡ
ҡͷûС
öð߹Ǹӡ
ãҩ¶á
߹ֻüȥæ
ƺţһĨȻɫͭܿڣۼɵ״ડһǵҺУС
ŵܵܣ𣿡ʡ
ǣһγɹˡ
ĳˣϲ⡣
߹˻ӸϽ߹
ʮһҲ߱
ʮһӳ廵װãסС
ʮһ˶Сƿ
Ÿ磬ɫϵ𣿡ʮһʡ
ԡƵ
ʮһʣβ
ԡ
ʮһӵѼһΡ
ƵͷţҪ⣬öࡣ
ţʮһӸɾ
ȥɡ
ʮһ˼⡣
߹˻Ӽæµ
ƺͭܡ
ƵĵǵһҩĲˣһδأҪϲغһʮһӸϽеĴܹ
ظΣٺʮһӻҪӲ졹
ƿȥˣСൽũ˾СԺӵĵϣùСɡ
Ϊʮһʡ
Ʋ˵ʮһӷˣﶼζѬˡ
ʮһӵҴˡ
´ܲסζһ˷һϵϣٵζʮһӴأҲѬˡ
ѬҴ⡣ʮһӳ칫ߡ
Ҳ֣ʮӸߡ
ѬģͻȻ
ʮһӺʮӶǰģƵĻСһ٣һͷơ
ƼƣѬСӡ
ʮһգ۾ϵСֽ
ʮӵҲϵ
ʮһָʮӵʮҲϵСֽ
ԣҺͰ˸ǴӣѬһѬûϵǲѬȻͳˣѿˡƵ
ʮһӶһԼСϸ˼ƵĻ
ʮӵ಻Ư
ԣƿ϶
ʮӻҪƯģСϣڽ
ʮһӿʮֻȥˣҲڽַ
ưһǰɡ
ʮһһͷ
߽칫
Ҳ֪æµ˶ãʮĴ⣬Ūһӵζ˵ĴͣҲǴء
ǲ̫
ҲҪô̰࣬ձںϣŵǰȺõĿ¯ɣȻóĥϸۣʼװҩҡ
ŵܵܣҩңָԲκʡ
ԣǶõġҲû뵽¥ƹҩңã൱ڶʮһ͵ĽңֱʳҲûкԱҩθзֽӶﵽҩЧ
ֲãڴκûͷѧϰһ¡
šƵͷ
ʣװ˼
ƻش𣺡ֻװ
١
ʮĴҲװСҩңȷʵ٣һΣֻգϣЩԴðɡ
ҩ߳칫Ѿˡ
ʮһӡʮӺʮӻǶ⣬һٸɸɻòŰһͷ⣬»ڡ
Щжʮܵܣʮһܣʮܣ߰ɣ
ʮһ˻ͷĶ


170 ڼ
غ󹬡Ƶ
ʮһʣ
ˡƵͷߡ
ʮһΪ, Ը⵱СȻҲΪƲط´, վߣ
һ߳ũ˾
ʮһ˵Ĺ, ʮһͻȥ
ʮһʣŸ, 㲻ش֣
¡Ƶ
ܶСϲ, ʮһӾСӣ¶
ƻش𣺡ʹҩ衣
͸˭Ѽʮһʡ
͸ʡҲûʮһӵȥĵµ
ʮһ̵Ҳ֡
ԣѾˣǻС, ҹ·ȫȻƲţǴκСӲҹ·ܶԲסܵܡ
ȫǴˡʮӵ
ԣвݲݡʮһӵ
ʮӵ֦֦
˴ǵĹȡҹ·С, ɼǵĸҲ̰棬ʱҪҹ·
룬Ǵ˰, һʵغ, ƺһЩǵã߰ɡ
ʮһ˻
һĵµſڡ
Ź˿ӹһô, һ¡
߹Ҫʡ
Ź˵ū澽ȥһ
ˡ
Ź˽ĵµûһ, ܳ˽ȥ
¡۵鷿
¡ڿ, ɫЩ, üͷš

¡۸ղѾ˵, Ѿ׼ǿǰվŸ߰ݲͬ߸˺һ£ʣʲô
͵ʮһӵ
¡۷ţƹ鰸ˣû˵ŵһɴ̱ǵζѬʣʲôζ
ϵ⣡ʮӵ
ʲô¡ûס
ظʣǴζص
Ĵζ¡۲ǰ
ôҩ衣
ҩ裿ʲôõģ¡ʡ
ȴ硣߹ӻ
ʮһӵͷϵȴ硣
ԾǴ磿¡һɵʣĸ̫ҽ˵ģ
̫ҽ˵ģ˵ġƽԼоè¶˵¡
˵£¡ۿ϶˵һ䡸֡Ʋһƽϴһһ漣ɵþŷðڴϲʣã
ӦáƲרҵҽǴ¡̫֪ۡӦǸȾأڵľƾ֮ģƺ̫Ҫôҩ踨һ²ſܲЧ
ֻǣҰٷְٱ֤á
¡ҲƻеĲȷԣӦã
ţֻèùûи˷ùʵ
԰绹û߹ż
ûӻʣ⣬ӡ硢޷ⶼʳãġġĶʳãδж˺ˣúþãûҲẦ˴硣
ʮһæصͷ
˻ӵʣȷʵһԡ
˵öԡ¡۸ոֽӵһصţ˵Ǵƶ񻯣пܳŲȥĴӰŸոպǰӡ˵ǰһᣬʣҩأ
ƽһСеȥ
¡ǰӹ򿪿ںССԲ򣺡Ǵҩ裿
ţֻҩңǴҩ
¡ҿ˿ʣҩηã
ָָҩев档
¡۴򿪿һۣһ仰ڷһΡʣֻգ
ţ̫ˣŪһաƵ
ʮŨɵģŨǾãô㹻Чˡ
¡ۿٿƣ¾ãھ˿ӱްҩȥ
ʲôʱԵʡ
¡ۿٻشൽ
ǵøǣõҩͳԣϸγԣֻҪʱͿԷáƽ͵
д¡תصƪۣдװҩУεǮһҪԿӷ¡
ǡǮ뿪
¡ȴûз
¡۵ĵĵʣϵգһ챣ӣ㲻Ҫġ
¡ۿͷ
ǻشְɡʮһӵ
ƵʣʮһǻСҹ·ǻȥ𣿡
¡̴Ӧ

ƱΪʮһӺʮСҪȰȰȵ˵ͣģûһ˾ͿʼƤܣһᣬ˯ˡ
ƿʮӣʮܵܣ
ʮȻûǰǿ֢ʱʱ̿̾棬ƤѾҪƤҲıֱֱģ
治
ʮӼ֡
§ʮӵ˯һûϵһ˳ԺſڣŸ纰㡣
ʮӿƵļͷ۾˯ˡ
ơ߹Ͱ˻ӶһЩƣԳסƵ˸磬ػɡ
ǻȥģҪѹ󡣡˻ӵ
߹ұ󡣡
Ҳġ
еġ˻ӵ
߹㶼򲻹ңȥ
˻ӱ粵ˡ
Ƚ˻ͻػӣȻ˺󹬣ʮһͻȥ֮ˡ
˶صסˣϼԡº󣬿˻飬һȥ̫ѧѧԴ¼󣬵һλ̫ѧ
ûм涼ŴӵûкúţһҲƴǰģЩġ
̫ѧѧǿ֮ͽΪӵĴ
ŻǶˣ
ؿطδʳܲ𣿡
κӷͬŷ
ǰ˵̲ط˹ء
ţԺطˣһտԺһϡࡣ
Ҳܲңǲȥĸԩ
վԣ˵κöԡ
˵Ӱ˻ڴϲܶء
ã˸˴򲻹ĸСöˡ
Ҳöˣǵ϶˶࣬Ҫ۸ˣû뵽ɱˣã
Ҳ˹˵ã
ǹԺ̫ѧû˸ˡ
ӴˣҺۡ
û뵽ǶԴĵģѧᣬѧǸǵˣͦõģҲ⣬ʵʵϿΣ¼һ²ʿ˵ݡ
Ŵ¶Ǵֽˡ
ڿμϢʱǰԺָֽֽմһֽһֻɾ޳ȷŵֽϣתͷȥЦ硣
ʶңʡ
ƵȻʶ
ŶΪˡ񴲻̲˵
ôأЦ
㣬δˣ
š⼸չκģ벻ûˣʮһհɣҲǲЦЩæ˺󹬡
ʣСʱôģСʱôһѩֺСӸС򳵣͵͵ܵԷ̺غš硹񳤴һЩ֪ôˡ
̫ˣɴ̵ֽһǣС磬ҳˣں󹬼ء


171 Щ
Ŀưװ׾С, ʹǰһӤʣûֵӡ
ƵҼʳɹˡ
һƭҡӡ
СͿطӡ
ס
Ƶ㣡
ңһ˼顣
šֱ׳صͷ
񴲻ʣҺδ֮У
Ŀ̫óˣҲŻθڴ, ͵ĶȫԹˣȻҾͳˣ
Աߵ, һƵţϹ
Ӵ, ۡš
Ͻӣҿ
ƭġһѱסĸ첲, 񴣬һθ̾ǺÿֱǹŴС˵ķģ壬һ¶ռˡ
ȴôһů, ʮĵȫɢʣ˵˵շʲôˣ
̫ѧѧӶ֪㲻֪𣿡
û˵׿˵
ûʱ˵Ʒſĸ첲
ΪΣ
һֽһϿˣҳٵҪ飬۵ġȻϽˡ
վԭһЦ, ڳ𣿡
ûĻٻصѧãûһʿϿΣ, ﶼǹŴӵ¶, Ҳûʲô˼죬Ρд֡š˯Ρд֣Ȼѧˡ
ĸһ뿪̫ѧ
߹ڵ, 㲻Ҫ̫ҽԺѧϰ𣿡
ͷš
ôȥ̫ҽԺ˵һأ
ȴǱߴϢ֮, ȥ
ðȡ߹Ҳû˼ɱġ
һػˡ˻ӵ
ž·ˡ
ǱӦòˡ˻ӵ
ʱ, ǮѾ, , ܴѾõĴҩ衣
Ƶͷ
·;ƣӦûϢһ
һҹ˻ӽӻ
߹Ǻһ磬͵ĵµһϿΡ
Ƶͷ
ˡ˻ӻػˡ
˽˺󹬡
صϼȼһȥȰ̫һ̫ɽʱŻš
ڶճȥ̫ѧûʲô
߹Լͬʱ𣬳˺󹬾Ϳȴŵİ˻ӡ
˵ܵܣ簡߹
˵һȥʸʵġ˻ӵ
Ƶ߰ɡ
ĸ˸һĵµſھͿ¡ۡ
¡⼸յŴӵİΣûں󹬣ĵµæµ˺Ǿȣƶô

¡۵
ֱʣʣǮûУ
ûС¡۵
߹ʣǱûϢ𣿡
ϢǮ֮ǰģ绹ڻԡ
ôǮûл߹
˵ҹӦýġ
˻ӵͷ
¡û˵
һòǴӡ
ȥɣһеǮ˵ȥϳˡ¡̧뿪
˿¡۵ıӰǵһξ¡ͨĸףµĸס
߹磬᲻ᡪ
ãҽֹ߹Ǯûл˵Ǻ¶
ԣƺͰ˻һӻҲûеס
ĸ˻ص̫ѧججصѧԼͬرĵµõ¡ȥ˴ȰĻشһܵȰȰſվ˲
ΪǮˣϽܽС
̫¡۶Σ
һҲûпǮ
߹ŵʣʣǮ𣿡
¡û˵
̫ҡҡͷûС
˲ɵü
̫һɫҪˡ
¡۸ſա
̫ʣѾ±ˣʵ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
¡۵ͷ
˿¡ۣԼµʲô
߹ʣʣҪȥ𣿡
¡ûзϡ
˶һоԽԽˡ
Ȼ洫һž
Ƶ˶⡣
̫ˣʵٵһȰɡ
¡ۻû˵ƺѾ
˵ʲôȻ͸һϤĽŲǮ
ܵܣ˵ʲô߹ʡ
ǮˡƵ
¡ۺ̫˾һ
Ųˡƿ⡣
¡ۺ̫һȥ
£Ǯˡ
¡ٿվֱſڡ
̫
Ǯһˮ߽ʮǱ
¡ȲʣΣ
ƺ̫˵Ķᵽɤ۶ˡ
Ǯ¡һ
¡λ˻Ρ
ƺϽš
Ǯر£ˡ
ѡˣ
¡һ㶡
̫һ
˴˴
¡ʣˣ
ر£ְǮ
¡˲Լˡ
̫˫ֺʮӷ𣬷汣Ӱ
һ
߹ſڵˣʲô
ְʧְ˻سʱ䡣Ǯ
Ϊεˣ߹ʡ
·꣬ʵߣԵˡǮ
ѹֻʹ߲꣬Ѿô
߹ǡǮ
Ҳܣʲô˵ͨһ򣬸Ϊɡˡ߹ղŲһֹͣ
ǮŹ»ػȫû뵽ŵ¡۵ˣϴǱְǲܡ
Ǯˣ̫ʡ
̫󣬱ְ𡣡Ǯ
ɡ̫ãֲ㡣
¡۵ûȥԡٹػ
ǡǮ뿪
¡ۺ̫ÿԵһ´
ҲԻһ
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ڴһǮ»
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Ƶļ
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̫߲ߵôã˵仰ܲˡ
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Ц̫һʣһɡ


172 
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ѽƵͷ
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¡۷ʣǰôģǰô, ô
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̫һ۵⻩ƣ꣬ҵȥɡ
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˯˯Ÿ첲ͣȥûл⣬̲סһ϶û˯á
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ƻС, ǵӡ
Ц
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ͷ
һ֮Ʋû̻ϼ󣬶ϣӺӴ˵һֱ˵ôؾȻ˴ӡ
磬ɡʡ
ͷ


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̫ҽԺԺʹһ㶣Ʒ¡
ЦЦԺʹˡ
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174 
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175 ұ
СʮһӻȻ
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ʮһӿʮŵĴ, ʣҴô
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177 ʵϰ
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߹Ͱ˻ӹ۲顣
ʮһӺʮվԱǺ«
ʮСʮһ磬ǺţúóӴ˵áǺ«˵ɡǺţ
ʮһӵͷһһҪһ
ҲҪ
㲻ܳԡ
Ϊ
Ÿ˵˿׬Գԡ
ʮӰ˿ľѼ
ʮһҲСüͷôУһ˶ûУʲôʱܳϳأ
վƸǰŸ磬ľ˿
Ƶͷ㺰
ʲôʮһʡ
Сոڸǰġ
廰ŵܵܣðɣ
Ƶûϵʮһܣɡ
ʮһ̺ҽһǮһһǮһ
һ䣬Ⱥ
Ƶ˵һǮһΡ
ʮһӲͣظһǮһΡ
ƿһ¶ʮӣʮܣһ𺰡
ʮԣʮһӲվţ˵ֽǺ«֣ͣغһǮһһǮһ
˶ռ˵ģһǮһβ̫㣬һЩ岻̫᲻ûǮ·˶ЩĶиϸ˹
ƶʮһӶ˺ͣ
ʮһӶͣ
ϸ߹ʣһǮĿԿ
ţԵġЦŵ
ҾͿϸǰ
ʣ
Ҹ첲ص̧ϸ˼ѵؽ첲ŵϡ
һѯʡ
·ΪһǮפΧۡ
˵ţǾ¡
ôΣϸʡ
Ҹ㰴һˡ
ҪҪˣϸ˺»ǮӰ
һǮ͹ˡϸ˴Ӽʼ𣺡ţоΣ
ᡢۡ͡ϸʵʾԼĸܡ
ͨʹʹͨǻ̫ˡ
Ӵᡣϸ˽
ģһκá
Ա߿ţһֱ˹Ϊȵ˼룬һЩϰյ¶ǲӹϰ̫ã˹ϰա
˾׺ΪһϸβеޱȵĿĺͳɾ͸С
԰ߣһЩ𣿡ʡ
ϸ˵ߣ
룬ϸ˸첲Ѩλ롣
ϸ˵ȣ顣
ԣ΢ȴһ¡
á
Ƭ֮ȡ¡
ϸ˵ĸ첲Ȼɵ̶̧ؿˣĺˣ
ΪҽߣľǻȬ¶Цݣţʲô⣬Ժע˦첲
ϸ˾ˣҽ
ҵҵ
ҸӣӣղŲԸ⻨ǮκˣϸԸึЩӡ
һģֻҪһġƵ
ôУϸ˵
ţҽѧҽ꣬ոճʦ̯һҪһԼҲҪϰաֿʼ¡
߹Ͱ˻Ӷϰˡ
ѧҽꡭ˼
ϸȴˣѧҽ갡ֲôأУҵöӡ
һľˣȻҽͲҰ̯ˡ
ϸֻøһӣȻΧ۵˵СҽһǮҸ첲Ͳˣ㿴
Χ˼״뿴һһǮȿֺسǰ
Ŷӣ߹Ȼ
Χ˲֪߹ǸģǸܵ߹ѹˣĪزʵʵŶӡ
ЦЦǮ
ʮӿĵſʮһӶߵʮһ磬Ÿ׬
ʮһӵͷ
ʮӵһһǺţ
Ǻţһģ
ţǵһȡ
רעΧûʮһӶ˵˵ݣȻʮһ߹Ÿ硣
Ƶͷʲô
ǮǺţԡ
ʣ㲻ǲųһ𣿡
һѽ
ǾͲˣǮҲ
Ǯ
һﻹأƵҲԣһ˼Ҫأٵһȣһ׬򡣡
ðȡ
ʮһӲپʮӹԹԵȱߵСϣſˮ·Ǻ«ԡ
ƿһۣӡ
·Ƕҽǿ϶ġ
ҽ
ҽ
һǮһҩ
̫ˡ
ѽ
佱ϡ
ȺҲϡ
һ̽ͷ̽Եؿ˵ı֣ȷʲôһתߡ


178 ץ
˼ææµµġ
ܿ͵, ·˲
˶Щˡ
߹ֱӵȳ緹ٿ
ʲôʱ򣿡·ʡ
߹
Ƶ
Сһ磬Ϣһ¡
Ȼæ, ǿĵ, Щϼص, 󻯵سǰ, ƣûйϵġ
ǾͰʱԺ
ͷ
߹ʱԺٿ
·Ҳɢˡ
ʰҩ䡣
˻Ӱæ㣬ϻһЩҩء
ͷһùˡ
߹߹ʣʲôѽ
ʮһӰŸ, Ǻţ
ʮӸͣǺţ
ƵͷʮһӺʮӣһһںܿɰƽʱڹƤļϣǹɵĺ, һֱʵʵشǰ۲۸ʳߺˣż˵Ǻ«
Ǿ̫Сһγ̫Ǻ«, ֮, һֱûϾͳԷˡ
ʮһӵϵǺţ
ʮӵͷ
Ƶ극, ʳ, һһ
ʮһָͷʣ
Ƶͷ
ʮһʣŸ𣿡
ոպö˿, ׬ˡ׬׬, ϶˳һٵ, ϶ӣĳԷʡ
ʮһӺʮֻſУҲ֪׬˶ӣرǾ׬˺ööӣһͷá
Ͱ˻ҲʰˣưѡʲôӸ߹ˣһͨԵĽֱ߶һ
¿ӡǸ⡢ɡͲ˱¹潬ȵȰһСӣΧһ
ۣöѽʮӾ̾
ʮһһ¿ˮ
˺ܾûгԹСˣһԡ
̳
ȻһżӣǵڻʹģƤƤǳ˹ֺÿ
óԡʮһӹӵ
ʣܵܳһڡ߹һơ
ιһʮӣҭˡ
лл㡣ʮӵ
˻һʮһӿС
ƸʮһʮС졣
ڵس緹һܿأһСȫɾǰӵһһͻС̯һڽֵ
ְ߹
óԡ
档ʮһʮӵ
ʮһӵŸ磬ҳǺţ
Ȳԣ棬ʳٳԡƵ
˱㿪ģʽʲôͷ׹ľѡ˹ĵȵȶһͨеӣϰͦõġ
ˣǵüȥˡ
ȥҩġƵ
ҩ̯֮λǰҩŵϣո£·Ƿ׷ӿ
Ŷӡ߹
·ʵʵŶӡ
ҩ䣬óʼ
˻ߴ֡
Ƶ㣬ʮһӣȥǺ«
߹ͷ
Ÿ磬Ҳȥʮһ׷ƣܲˣͷϵֿһͷ߹
ɣһŸͻˡ߹
ʮһӹԹԵػص߹š
߹ʮһӵСԴ
ʮһӿžŸʮߣĽˡ
Ʋû߶ԶǺ«С̷֪ҲϲԵģһǺ«ݸʮӡ
ʮһ˷ܵصСʮշ
̿
ʮֵŸ磬ȥһһ
ԡ
ʮӸ˵ػСԴ
ƸӣСʮȥ
ۣöǺţѽʮһӾ̾
ʮԺϵŸ򣡡
ʮһӵ
ţʮһ磬һ
ʮһӽӹһʣ͸һ
ʣµҪѼ
һѽ
ţһٳԡƲ廰
ʮһӺʮӱ㿪ʼǺ«¶
λһǮҽͻȻһƵ
̧ȥһԲ˳֣ԱվһˣһȺŶֵ̺ˣǴƵġ
Ӵүˡ
ʲô
һû¶
иҩ̡
ҽĲɡ
ҽֲҩûǼҰɡ
ǰ

үүһѽ˵ߵڵء
߹ǰ㡪
㡣ס߹֣ȿҪʲô
߹Ӳһ䣺˶
үߡ
·ĬĬɢ
үǰ
ʣλӣﲻ
үɵӵﲻ
ֲ
Ͳүɵӡ
̧
ү·
߹Ͱ˻һʣ·
ʮһӺʮӸʣ·
үһۣʣôô֣
ʮһӺʮһҸˣ
үʮһʮ´ˣ֪ʱ⻯ױԵݺںֻͨΪǾͨҵĺӡ
ͨҺã
ϲ۸ͨңʢ˵һ·ÿ˶ҩǵĴҩץҩԡ
Ǻܶ˶Ҫҩ
Ҳд
ǲдأƲ廰
ڶ·ү
ʲôʡ
үŵĺܡ
Сӣǿ߰ɡ
Ǿǣǲүġ
ҵٵġ
ֵܽ߰ɡ
ǲˡ
ˣ߰ɡ
·ǺȰơ
ܸжһֱͳԿϰģҲǻģֻ̫̫ܵѹûʱֻܰܣǴκľŻӣվŵʵˣ֮ƽ
΢΢ͷϵ߲ͣд̣Ҳأ
Ǿͱֺģүһվ
Цү
үȻëʮ֣˵򣡡
ƺ߹һʮһӺʮƸ㣬ǡ
Ӧһ
˻Ӵȥƺ߹
֧һٿسֶ
ֱֶӷɳ֡
·˾֣̾ܡ
ʮһӵѽѽ£
ʮӺСĽѪѼ
·ԸϽܿ
һƬյϣưѴֽ߹Ͱ˻ӣץסҪܵү
үͷƻȭ
˹ȥ
ʮһؿˣһð뵽߽ÿδʱǾ䡸߽֪һΪ˭޸һµҴҾŸ磬ʮһү㿴ǺţΪ˭𤣡
ʮӸŵΪ˭𤣡
ʮһӰεһǺ«һӣȡһҵүֱסˡ
תͷһۣʮһܣɵƯ
ʮһܵóĵҪǺ«үǺ«𤵽ϣ䲻ȥ
ʮӼһСʯͷʮһ磬ý
ãʮһ𵯹Ҫү
үѾˡ
Сӣүһ֣ǿ߰ɡ
߰ɡ
ߡ
Ǵ򲻹ģ
̫ˣ
һٸҲǡ
·ѡ
̧һȻһȺˣȻǺǮʱǰүӴһ·˳ȥſ񴣬ϲغ硣
΢΢üôôˣ
ױһױһ¸񴿴
񴿴ָϵĺڷۣͷȥЪŰɣ򡣡
Ҳۡ
һ򡣡
áеļʽ
ʣʲô
һС
á񴵲ǰ档
Ƹ֣磬ңҶ򲻵ˣ磬Ұ
ȵڿԳֵʱ򣬵һˡ
·Ǿˡ
¶һȺ
ͷҲʣָˣȫץߣ


179 ޶
ң߹ȡ
㿴ҸҲңͷ
߹ǰһ֪ǡ
㡣ƻһ
߹ƣʲô¶
ҡҡͷ, ÿ͵Ҫ˵
߹ƣΪʲô˵Ҫץǰ
鲻򵥡Ƶ
˻Ҳŵܵ˼˵үˣ
ӽ¸̨һ򵥡
߹¾ǾͰǶˡ
˻ӵͷ뻢Ѩɵû, ߡ
ƿ, 
Ҹߡ
ЦЦ, ߡ
߹ҪѺˡ
߹ҪǣԼߣ
Ǽ״Ҳö, ߴٵϽߡ
һſڡ
ưͷһۣš֡
κܴ˿ڶ࣬κˡˡ¥˵ȵȶ, Խ˶ϡĸţְ൱ڶʮһ͵ĹءԺԺĺ塣
ŵȼͬڱš
ȥͷߴ١
˽š
ŵһѾС
ǰ
ͷ̵ˣ߸, үĵز𣬴˿ҽΣڵϦ
߹һͻ, ʲôƲͷ, ǰ򶼲˽һ£˵ƨɵĻ
ưס߹
Сã, ŵܵܵġ
߹ֻ
һľľºˣ
̻ش𣺡׾ޣ
ס׾ޣ
˵Ŀ৿ơ
ƽŵǲĸ, ״ޡޡޡװޡʮһ޺Ͱʮޡ
״ʱ, ֪СƶֿʼϹˡ
޵޶, ʲôʱΪ޶, ǶϰԵƵĻ˭Ҳûг񶨡
ʣʮӣ
شˣǡʮء
ôȡȡʮޣ
ھһ䣺ΪСʮ
ʣ޾ǳģ
Ƶǡ
ղſ߽УСֶ⣬һ̬Ϊʲôټ̼ҳֱ¶ûĻϰݡ
̬˲ʣסδ
ƵסϺӴ塣
Ȼ
ȻССϰգԽЩͷˣĵʣˣ
Ƶаϡ
Ͽ˵١
˵١ǵۺ
ΪŹү
ƽ͵ûŹ˿ڶ࣬ʳסжǴ¶Ǻֵܽü˰̯˿ˣ֪үдӣҩץҩ
ôȥҩץأʡ
˵Ļ˻
ȥ˭ץҩѵϰյ
Ʋ磬ŵ˲ҪҩΪʲôҪȥҩץҩ
ʣȻأ
ȻүȭӣǲѲų֡
߸˰Ǵ򵹵ģʡ
š
´ˣ񴳤øߴ֮⣬ͨͨлСֶգʣΪô
үЩ̫֡ˣүԩǮƵ
񴰴˰̫Ѩ֪Ϲ֪࣬ƿԱеЦ
һһרע
ǴվǲԵġ
ƵˣдүҲд
үһΪδ֮У˵ѾİǵĴǱø
үҲУ㵱ʱ˵үûдôɲ񣬾дأƸոȺôһ¶ͼסˡ
΢΢һʣˣ
ȫ
ȫȫиܵܽȫüĿ㣬үۣȫү۱Ÿ״ȫ˼գӻСˡ
ȫȫ׾ޡһȡֵķ񰡣˵Ҳٹܣûȫ׾ޣϴ
ǹ٣Ƶû
˿Ҳϲϴʣ׼ǿϴ
׼ޣ
˷Ӧһ֪ǰ׼ҵˣһû
ãǹ󡣡
ǡ
û˵ʲôŲߡ
ʲͷүΣ
ͷǰףһȡ
ôأ
š
׼Ǽͦ
Ǹ׾˵ģүĴȷʵУ׾ҲȨƵСϰա
ү˵
֪ƱףҪ׼ҵļޣʱ򡭡ͷ˸Ʊơ
ͷ
ͷȥ׼ǼޣǼ٣ʱүǱʾ˼ǡ
ȥɡ
ͷ˵Уһˣվſʹ䣬ʾԼͷϣ˿ûעӹһƣͿ˶Դˡ
Ҫ뿪ºȵʲôͷ
ǿӡ
ϵֶе㸴ӣʶϳмиƬӦ˼ҵĴұƳһˣÿƵĿ⣬ʲôǺܵģ
˵꣬װӾˡ
ﰲ
˴һܣסڿŵλãԹ߻ԣ㲻С
ƿ
ͳҩۣϡ
߹˵ϡ
˸¡
ʮһӵݸһǺ«Ÿ磬Ǻţ
ŷʮһʮ߬Ǻ«ء
߹ʣ⻹Գ𣿡
಻ࣿ˻ʡ
ɾգϵɾգʮӵ
Ҷӳȥʮһӵ
Ǹһ
ʮһӺʮӰ֡
ûС
ûз֡
ײһԱߵ񴡣
ơ
Ƶһ
Ҳϲԡ
ܺóԵģģһᡣҧһ
Ҳԡ
㳢һưǺ«ݸߡ
񴿴һƣ׻Ǵȥҧһ
ʣô
С
ееɡ
šһγǺ«ˣ͸һᡣ
߸˸һǺ«֮õƽˡ
Ц˵ȲϿط
˻ӵɲ
Ǹ˵̬ȱȲͷöˡ߹
ΪûյءƵ
˻ʣҲӣ
Ƶͷʼ̬ȺǼ֪ͥûбԾˣȻ̲յҵӻȻҸɷˡ
ûˣ߹ŭ
Ǿǰ
˻ʣʲ֪𣿡
Ҫ´ô࣬¾ģλôãӦǺ»²۸ĶȨƵϰգ֪Եڶûʲô¶Ƶ
ô죿ʮһҲûǸоʱһ⡣
ø֪Ц
ôø֪߹ʡ
ȡƵ
񴿴һƣ
ֵʱӦ֪Ǳץˡ
ĵµ鷿۵¡ۣһվ𾪵ƶǱץˣ


180 ಻
ǡش
¡ʣ˭ץģΪץ
ȥ˵һ顣
д¡۷ŭӡ
һ, Ͻ͵ŻӲҵȳ֣˵Ҫֹ
¡ʣֵֹΣ
˵
ߣ¡۴߳鷿
ǡϽϡ
޵ĺһëްǵԴȫˣ
ͻȻоӺ, оԴʱһ, Ų, ɵŻƽ¡
, ȥĶǡʱӦǰ밲
¡۵ãŵܵǱץˡ
Ӧɫ䣺ʲô¶
·˵ȥѣ޳Ӫȡ
ǡûһӦ뻻ѡ
Ӷ˴Ȱʹ, ֱֱʻ򾩳ǵţһǮӭӣݡүүôˣ̫ˡ
ƶأ¡ֱʡ
ڴǮү, үǲصģСѾȥ鿴ʱֻ, ûܵκ˺, ǡ
ôˣӦżʡ
ӥ׽С塣
ŭ¡ۺӦ΢΢һ¡
Ǯ¡۶˵ڵץˣǳҴֲڵѯһ, ҪǴǵı, ȻͰǹؽˡ
֪ûܵ˺, ¡ۺӦɫ, 侲˼һ, ¡Ӧ룺˵¶ô죿
Ӧ룬ӾӦõһȡ
˵¡۵˼¡Ҳ˶Ӧ˼ʣʲô
үлߡӦӹһֹ볯йԱܣ̫ݣ¡۵ָʾһЩ飬˽һЩٳϵҲܿıʡ
˵
֪¡ڿԼӦԽ˵ϰ˵үһаУǴûܵͷǾ˱ӻ
¡۵ͷ
Ӧ˭ӽ±ӻˣݿ϶ͣһЩҪλϡ
˵ȥ¡۹
ڽȥȾŵܵǣǿԾĿǰһУȷŹ涨ǳ֣϶Ʊ硣
¡۵š
Ӧŵڵȣүǵһ̹飬һ϶жȻþŵܵǡ
¡οӦļͷ˵
ǡƵͷ
¡ۿǮһҪ֤ƶǵİȫ
СѾ˿ηܣʲôжǮ
¡۵ͷ
˱Ÿȴš
ûһһȺˡ
һֵˣһȺ̧ͷĸܣ˯ĸ׵ˡ
ˣǰүһŵү⸮ĵ̧֣ǵͨ֡Ǯڱ˵ͬʱܵ⸮ʶˡ
ǾŵܵǴģӦʡ
ǡǮ
ôүϻһǺ«Ӧ뻳ԼˣʣǺ«𣿡
Ǻ«¡ʡ
Ǯʵʵ˵ʮһүӵġ
Сʮһ¡ۺӦ˲úˡ
Ӧڵϵĸͷ
ǮţǸ߼ҩһգ׬˲ӡ
¡ۿּ̧ͨү˵ӣǰæ
ǡǮӦ
¡ǰ̧үˡ
ֲͨؿ
ǮЦǵүæ
⸮Ĵڶ࣬ʱʱһ಻ʶǮӣͨҲûлɣ̧үǰߡ
һţүʼ޺ˣԩԩڽϣ˴ĿȫǣΪ
ӴүŲͷ
ˣҪΪ
¡˺̧֣ͨү˵ǰ
һۣӴү˵أ
Ϊ
ү׾޵Ϊһ˵Ȼ
׾˭¡Сʡ
ǮүոԼȡ֡
¡ۺӦ뺹һ¡
¡һ䣺ƶҲȡˣ
Ǯ˵
¡һ飺ȡˣ
Ǯͷ
¡һҲ֪Ƹȡʲô֣˭Ͻˡ֣֪֪СӲȡ֡
ѹеŭ𣬿ү
ү˲ע⣬һƱ
ɫؽӹ֮㣬һƱֵĻȣģһ׾ˣ丸ϺӴһ񣬾͸ĿٶҪúóͷǣ
Ӣү
үǱӦġ
ү׷ʣ֪У
Ѿõô˵ٹĨǣǾܲǾֻܴźˣ
¡ڵð
үٴ񣺡Ӣ
Ͳͷһȥү
үûЩӸͲͷ
ͷѹϲ̵ˣ׾ﷸһնǻھ󣡡
˵öԣھ󣡡
үϲΪΪ񡣡
׵ǱְڣȥѺ
ͷӦͬʱѸյõƱȻʲôһ
үͷȥ
ͷִ
ȵȣһ
ͷˣ£
ʣװʲôоЩڲͬ
һӡͷ
ٿ
ͷó
ɫʣģ
ͷû׾Ǽϵġ
ȷǵ𣿡˵
ͷɫ̫ԾֻǼǵûô¶
ΧˣѲͷһԣСǳʹƣдʱա
ͷȻǲͷͨϵϵģҲʶ֣֪ǻʹƣ󾪡
ʣȷʵǰ׾޵ģ
ûûˣˣǾǻʹˣ
ͷ
ͷ̵̻ģǡ
ܹλãǸˣֻǳȨѹϰգԸදӣʱŻعоЩΣʣϺӴˣ
ԡͷͷ
ʣϺӴĶ
ϡͷûϺӴׯ
ͷɫı仯ʣûϺӴ壿
ͷͷԡ
Ĭһ£һηʣǵ˭ʵ֪ģֻҪȷһ顣
ͷϡ
ֹţϣʣ
ͷһ䣺ϺӴ壿
ʡϣ
ͷŵһ
һѽͷȷأȥѯ٣ճʱһ̻ʹǺˣ
ǡͷ̴Ӧ
ŵȥѰ׾źǻ׹壬ǻû¶¶۵ǣǲǣԺٺúǡ
ǡ
ߴٵȥ졣
ǡͷϽߡ
¡СʣҪ˭𣿡
ӦǮǶȻȲƣӣǵĻ
Ǯ١
ӦŵŵܵûΣգٵȵȡ
¡ۺǮͷ
˿һ۲ͷ
ͷѾԶܿ͸ϽŲȥţȻƽһ飬һۿڵϵˣЦ׹ӡ
˲ӻ
ͷ׹ӣǴ˸ող࣬λ޹ģү裬ǵǳ֣Сǳȥ
ģ߹ʡ
ȻˣѾ˾Ʋ񡣡ͷ̬ķǳ͡
΢Цʣôã
ҪǲԩǰͷЦݲá
ЦЦ
һֱ˵
߹Ͱ˻ӵȴӦ
ͷƵ׹С߰ɡ
ãʮһӺʮһӦȻߣ߳ȥŷ־ŸûгͷһŸ˶ڵϣδ
Ÿ硣ʮһӺһ
Ʋ
Ÿ磬ôѽʮһӵѽԻؼ
Ƹ
𣿡ʮһʡ
ûжʮСʮһ磬Ÿ粻ߡ
ʮһӵҲߡ
ʮصͷ
ǣ߽Ƽ
ơ
ʮһӺʮ׾Ÿ˼һᶨضŲͷϵߣߣ


181 ӵ㶯
ˣ
ʲô
ͷûŪ׺ڸʲô, ó׾޲ǰ׼ǵģרŶʾá
Ѿ֪Լӳȥǿ, Ӳżȥ, תͷʮһӺʮӡ
ʮһʣŸ, ˵
𣿡ʡ
ʮһӵͷߡ
ʣĶ
߼, ԿԳǺţ
ǲõġһ۲ͷ
ͷϽ˵õõģ׹ɡ
Ÿ磬˵õġʮһӵ
Ƶǵ̯λѾˡ
⣡ʮһӵ
ֵҩҲû, Щҩġ
ʮһӵǻع򸸻Ҫ
ƾ͵ʮһ仰
߹̴ϣʮһܣ
ʮһסС졣
߹С˵ġ
ʮһ͵ͷ
ͷģʱ֪ôˣ˼䣬ų, һ·ܵǰС˵ʮһղ˵Ļ
عʣʡ
ԡͷȫڷ
Ҳʼ۸ϰҲһ, δζɹ, δζõĺôû뵽΢˽õĻ׹ˡ
ô죿ͷʡ
Ҳ֪ô졣
û뿪үؿɫͲͷʣ, Ƿʲô𣿡
, ǰЩ, Ŭһٶ, û¶, үȻذɡ
ү˵Ҫ׾ǡ
Ĳٺү˵ݺ󡣡
үĵ¶
ݺ˵˵ĸ
ݺˣ˵ɡ¡ͻȻҪٵһȣڳѾⱩ¶ˣû˵ˣɼ³ʲôϢҲûҪٵȥֱӿˡ
¡ֻۣǰ˳಻͸˺µǿѹȸУ̲סΧһУֻ¹򣬵סˣʣǺˣ
˵أǮóơ
ʱͨ¹򣺡¡
£
ͷ̱ڵء
үڵء
ָͨŹ£үλˤڵϣɱ
Ǯһһţֱӽιȥ
¡۲õλϡ
Ӧվԡ
¡۵ѱٶ
ǡڰͳͳ֡
ͷү̣˵ӣʲô˵ˡ
һƬ
ûһٵ
ű
¡ۿһӦ롣
Ӧᣬʼ龭˵
ͣز
ٸոսӹѯʱ֪²ˣͨϵŻӵ˳ˣŻӣŻӰǿǸΪĻӣõº̫۰
Բߣʼק͹ˣ̫˵龭Ūүүˣѱˡ
𣿡¡ʡ
һס
ã½졣
һ㶣¶ҲεģΪʲôҪ죿
¡ۼװûпı飬ˡ
ϽӦǡ
¡߰ɡ
ӦΪ¡Ҫػʹʣŵܵô죿
¡۵ھȥӡ
ԽΣ
ӦϽʣǶȥӰɡ
ȥӣСŽ뻢Ѩ̽ѨУˣشһԽӦõġ¡۴ǰߡ
ˣ
ҪѲŵ˶
̻̲
ٷ·ûһ㡣
ֱ̱ڵϡ
үˣ¶
˫ɡ
үֱ˹ȥ
ոѵү˵ңҲҲ
¡ۿɲЩˣ߽ªĴΣһۿڵϵӣ۵ػƶ
һתͷ¡ۣʣ硣
վ
ָ˵ػһʣ磡
¡۵
γˡ
¡´ʣû¶ɣ
Ƶû¶
ʮһӵţǺأ
¡۵ߣǳȥ˵
Ӧʮһʮǰߡ
߹Ͱ˻Ӹϡ
¡Ƶ֡
ƻͷ֡
һȣͷů˳ȥ
һ¡ʱſĴڣһֱǮ˵߸ˣΪ˺һȴ񴣬ô
ñ׼ҳۡش𣺡ǡ۸Żӵˣְ
л֡¡۵
²ؿ
磬𣿡Сʡ
ͷ
ǾͺáȻۣƻھΡ
ʮһӻʡ
¡۵ͷֵʮһӡ
ʮһӺʮӿʼੲݵ˵֮¶
¡һȻعɡ
ү¶ô죿߹ʡ
¡ɨһƵǰ¶ô󣬲޺úô޾ͺúô
ǵģһȦҪ¡ۺúòһţϰĹƽ
Իع𣿡¡ʡ
ʮһʣ㲻
Ѿˣٿ¡۵
ϲʣʣҸջ
¡Цʣ㲻
Ͻ볣
¡۵߰ɡ
ߡ
Ҳ֪һȺ˱¶ڹⲻ̫ãһǳѸٵ뿪ţ˳˳ؽʹ
¡۽Ƶ˼䣬ӦҴ뿪
ʮһӵ
ʮӵæ
ų飬¡۲ܶɺܴıͲˣ϶ҪڳһȺˣҲҪĽ
Ҳȥɡ߹
ѵζҵøϽغ󹬻ѡ
˻ӵͷҲغ󹬡
Ƕغ󹬰ɣȥѣȻȥĸƵ
뿪
ƺ񴳯ķߡ
ʱŵ磬лл㡣

Ҫ㼰ʱ֣Ǿʹ򲻹Щˡʵû뵽ССһ⸮Ȼô֣ĳİ˺ܴæ
ȷʵҲǫ顣
ҪллѽЦ
˵üʡ
˵𣿡ƺȻסĸ첲ϲȥȥص磬лллллл㣬лл㡣
ʣŻӣǸʲô
Ʊ߲ߵ㲻˵˵Ҽӵ㶯
Цö
ưʣ磬˰ɣ


182 һ
Цʣ˵أ
Ҽƶͷ, Ҫ䡣
Ͻԣˡ
ŷſ񴡣
ͷϰ߲ĺڷۣһЦ, ƶûа취
߰ɡƵ
ͷ
һߵǰ
ȥ, һȥˡ
ټƻֵ
ЦЦ뿪
߽
ܵ, ӹˡӷ
̧硣
ôôࣿ㿴Сʡ
𣿡Сһ
ͷ, ȥϴϴɣٻѣһȥȰš
ΪʲôȥȰţƲʡ
͵ĸȥȰĸϷžǶˡ
, һ¡
š
߽Լķ˱ˮǰȴƳԼӣϺڷ۲֪ʲôʱѾ, üë۾Ӻ°ͶһƬֻˮСèƵġ
ó
̵ز񴣬Цϣ˿ûԼӡѽ, ǳк, ᵱ˵˲ãĵԡ
һһװ׾ĿСꡣ
鲻غһȰ
ҵƶˡ̫۴Ȱ
šƷ̫ǰ
ǿ˶ٲ˰¡˳ҽʱ, ̫˾֪ˡ
ܶࡣư̫
̫ʣ𣿡
ǻһΪĴ¡
ʲô¶
ȥšʮһӺʮ˵֮¶, ̫, ǰɻķʽ¼һ顣
̫һ, һһ㶵ġ
ˣ̫ʡ
֡õĺܺ, ʵ˵ţǹεġ
Ϊ˰ִ󣬳йعԱӻ
Ƶͷԣ̫۸ϰˣ
̫Цƶöԣ
ǣƽ
̫ƵС
ʣôˣ
ڲˡƵ
Ҫúòһ飬Щӽ¾͸ѹϰգ͵úúʰ̫
ţһԺܿġ
û
̫ãûгֵġºͽŵһź̫һŵ¶ػתƸɵ档
ֱŽ
̫ڴȰɢ
ûһͺˣ̫ƶˣҲػɡ
§̫ĸ첲ţĸϢ
ãջĸ
ĸģն
̫Цˡ
ƺһϼ󣬱һصԡһ֮ڴϿһ飬ſž˯ˡ
ͿʼϿΣƺѾãѧϰѶߣѧϰ࣬ʱעǱߵĽչ
¡֮º󣬰١үүѺͬʱԱ˽Ϊɼ飬קȨı˽ĹԱ
ļҲ乫ؽз䡢غ͹Ѻȴã򾩳ǰչʾ
ϰջһƬ
ˣ
̫˰
Ҳˣ
쿪۰
лŻӡ߹˻ӡʮһӺʮӣϰհ
Ҳл̫үľز鰸
˵ȫİҲˡ
ԣү̣
үҲ̣أ
еĺã
갡갡
κ꣡
ոճȺϰնԻʼҵĿ佱ĵĲˡ
һתͷֵϳӣѺүүٵˣǵõĳͷͬʵ֮ǰҪνʾڣϰսҲá
ʮһӵ
ʮССװ˸òҶӣ͵źϰһүˡ
ʮСץһѲҶʣŸ磬𣿡
һǻûءƵ
߹Ͱ˻ԾԾԡ
үߵȺС
˺ϰһ𣬽һЩòҶʲôģүͷϡϡҡ
үصؿ޺ҲҰ
үҲǵͷʹޣڵĳӶˣ֪³ɺ˵Ĺ
˸̧ͷ
˺ϰ׷ǣڰòҶˣҲˣƻһ֣̯ÿ˶Ŷӡ
һֱ˰̯λ
϶ϲá
ʣջĶࣿ
ͷţʶܶ಻ͬĲ֢
㣬Щ֢㶼𣿡߹ʡ
ᣬ׼ȥԺʹѯʡҩģ´Ĳ֢Ҿͻˡ
㣬дʮһʡ
ʮһӡ
ʮһдȻҪ
Цдˣ
Ŷԣʮһ½ۡ
˻ӵʮһһѧӵӡ
һϵѧӣʮһӵ
˻ӵˣͿԽ̫ѧˡ
ͽʮһӹϵ˵
Ը̫ѧˣ
ԸⰡϵľа취ѽϵΡ
㻹ƿЦõʡ
Ҳѽʮһӵ
ô˵⻰
ʮһʻСԴ˵ѽ
Ʋʮһӣÿϼ죬ϼƯ
һչ
˴һССĳǰŷϼ̾
̫ÿѽ
ú죡
ϼ
ơ߹Ͱ˻̾ţʮӷʣϵѽ
ʮһӻشϵү
ʮӼʣΪ죿
ʮһӻش𣺡ΪүȾ
ΪȾƣ
Ϊүˣѽ
ۣүƯ
߹ȥˣʮһʮܳ
˻ӵԶ
ߴߴУ˺󹬡
ĺɫ֮٣ǻظԹ
Ƶϼ֪ȥˣȥȰ밲Ȼص
Ÿոԡϣ⴫һ
񴡣
򿪴ӡ
ǰֳˣ
Ƶͷջ
㸸Һܶණ
ʣлϴΰǴү
ͷ
¡
áӦ
̲סֺʣʲô
񴿴˫Сԣһ롣
Ҳѽ𣿡
ûСش
ҴӴȰҹһ԰
ͷ
ƿ˿ɫȥԡ
ã
ʳʳǽ棬ˡ
Ѳ˲תʲô
һţһŰ߽ԱߵĴ档
˶ˡ


183 ָɾ
ѲһO@, ѸٸϹʣʲôˣ
ңƴ
Ѳŵƹ⣬ƣŻӣ
ûƳǰ, ͼסӰ
ô, ôΪ׵Ѳʡ
ָָյ¡
Ѳ̧ͷһƵɫ
ʺϳԵʳеʳС
Ż˰
ǫѷ˵л, Ҫѧء
ǱְͲžŻˡ
Ƶͷá
ŻзԸ, Ժְ
Ƶãˡ
ְˡ
ѲԶһתͿ߳, ĵغ磡
˵
ָԶѲˡ
ˡģͷĽӡ
ҰģҰġ֡
ܿá
, 񴿡Ǳŵģʣ磬㲻˰ɣ
񴲻
Դʣˣ
Ҹʲôʡ
ᷢ㰡
ʣҼ𣿡
ǰܵ, ǻץġ
ûеʱ, ǿңҲ˵һ, бҪ𣿡񴾯Ժǿ, Ҳܸ, ƫƫû, һ, ġ
ƻعม
มģơ
ֱӵΪ͵š
񴻳Լˣ͵ʲô
ֵ͵顣
СӺ˵ʲô˵ţȴȻˡ
Цˡز׽

ҿˣ㻹װ

ˣԲҸղŲӦ㣬ˣҪˡײ񴣬һ£££¡һֱҪˡ
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û취
Ͳˣ
⻰֪񴲻ˣ˫۵Ͱ籧ݶ
ˣ˱ܾ
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ݶһ¿
¡

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ʣʲô
ɣôģرÿ㳢
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űҧһڣݴƤ޴ص֭ˮ⣬Ƥζζٺθ̲סúó԰
״Ҳҧһڡ
ó𣿡Ʋʡ
ͷóԡ
ม
š
˳˸ɺըֺһЩƣȻ˫ֳſ
Ƶÿ
Ӧһ
ʣ磬Һ˭ÿ
ÿ
֪񴳹ײˣЦҲôá
Цˣǰܾģǽȴøůˡ
תͷһƣ֪ʲôʱʼһӤԽԽ٣ȴôɰôůɢһкڰ䡣
ˡͻȻ
š
Ƶ˰ѸĶһ롣
һЦá
ǻȥ˯ɣջҪϿء
á
ȥ
뿪
ƻص˯ڶһ磬ƾյһ붫Ȼ󿪿ĵȥ̫ѧϿΡ
Ͳʿ˵һȥũ˾̫ҽԺʱ򣬿̫ҽԺҽ顣
㡣ƻһ
ŵܵܣôˣ̫ҽԺʼͺһ̫ѧѧϰ⣬йɵص̫ҽԺѧϰ
ֵѽ߹ʣڿҽ顱
ţһ鲡֢
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¡
˵տүνˡ¡үνڣǲ֪ʱԲ֪ųǷν֡
ƻصţˡ
Ŷǽˡ
˸ʡ
Ҫϵĺáơݵȵȶĺܺã¡۲òŶǸԿֻۣǣһ²⡣
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Сʱ¶˭ǵѽֱ׳ص
¡
ʣ̫ѧҪϿˣҵøϽˣȻٵҪˡưȾܡ
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ܵѧУʼϿΡ
ѧ̫밲ʱ¡ۡ
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Ц
ŵܵܡ߹
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ȥȰɡ
ߡ
˳ϼ󣬱ıǰߣԶԶؿʮһӺʮӣ̫³ܡ
᲻·ʮһװͰ͵˵
һᣡʮӴ
ƨƨ
ƨƨߣʮӴߡ
㲻Ҵ㿩
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ʮһʮһ¡
ʮʮһˡ
ӱһ
˸Ͻǰܣ
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˻ӽһ䣺Ӵָɾˡ
ʮһСţ벻ԼҪôȻ뵽ˣָʮӵЬӵʮЬӣµģģŪƨƨ
ƨƨʮǺ
ʮһƣҴӴ
ʮŵ۾գ£ҲС֡
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˰˰ͷǡ
˴ȰƸоղ̫ԾʴȰˣĸأ
ϢȰ˵
ʱϢ
ţ̫Щ
һϽܽĸ
Żӡ˳
ĸôˣ
̫Щȥùˡ
û¶ֱܽڴϵ̫ɫЩ㲣ĸ


184 Ժ
̫۾
ƻߵǰ£ĸ
ƶ, ôˣ̫˵
ĸ
̫ϽȥСĲ㡣
ģ, Ӻ, ö, 㷢ȶû, õҡƿ̫ʣĸôˣ
ĸҲû¶ȣһɾͺˡ̫һƣӡ
һ, 㡣Ƶ
̫˵ʲôЩܣû˵ǿ˳Цݣ۾
̫˯, ʣ֣ĸˣ
˸˹
ֵͷ, ׯ̫ҽô˵ġ
ôģƲʡ
, һһ죬ȵģҹһЩ, 밲ʱ, ̫󻹺úõ, ûһͿʼͷܡֵ
˻ʣ, ĸҩ𣿡
Ѿˡֵׯ̫ҽ˵, Ӧþͺˡ
˻ӵͷ
ʮһӺʮŲӳ￴
Ƶʮһܣʮܣǻȥɡ
Ϊʲôʮһʡ
ĸҪǻᳳ
ᣬҲ˵ʮһӵҲĸ
ʮӵͷŸ磬ҲϵҲϵ
ѵú;ŸһʮһӺʮȻԸߡ
ƿǵ˼Ƕ󺰴С
ʮһӶ˹ԹԵͷ
ƿ߹Ͱ˻ӡ
߹Ҳûʲô¶ҾڴȰš
˻ӵͷ
ǴȴģȻ߹˲ԸߣתȰ鷿
߹˸š
ơ߹Ͱ˻ӸԿ飬ʮһӺʮû˵ʵʵطС顣
ʮһܣʮܡƻһ
ʮһӶ̿ơ
Ƶǽ
ʮһӶһ۾
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ѽΪʲôأƷʡ
Ϊʲôʮһơ
Ƶϸ롣ʮһѰĴ𰸡
ʮһ룬ǲ˳
Ϊʲôأʡ
ʮһӵй©ѽ
˵ĺе
ЦǿԼд
ϵʮһӵдֳ󣡡
Ƶͷпܡ
ʮһɷµ˵д߻ë
߻ħƾ
ԣ߻ëǾдֺۣͲдȻһ
ƽΪҪʮһСȰȰȵذԼ˵ˡ
ʮСƵĵͷͬϵϵ
ţҶʮһӵ
ҲʮӸš
ơ߹Ͱ˻Ӳ֪ʲô޾Ǵߴ˵ȥ
ЦЦ˵£˵һ߳͵̫ҩʱˡ
´˵£ĸҪҩˡƵ
߹
̫ſڣʣ֣ĸ𣿡
ûСֻ洫ˡ
ƻͷ㣬վš
߹֪Ҫûиȥ֡
ƺֶҩ̫ǰ
ĸƻһ
ƶ̫󻺻
ƸϽǰ̫
ֹеʣ̫оΣ
̫öˣ˵㺹ͷˡ
һ
ƽӹҩĸιҩ
ܶõιֽ̫ӹҩ룬ܿ꣬ͷϳһ㱡ĺ顣
Ƹ˲
̫ģСŶܹůůģƵֵҪģĸû¶
Ƶͷﻹǵ̫һֱڴȰţҹ˲Żػδ̫ѧһܵȰ̫ܺõڽһĸ
̫ЦӦ
ոоΣ
ˡ̫
ҿվ̫ǰ
̫Цʣʲô𣿡
Ƶɫÿˣ۾Ҳˡ
̫Цʣרſĸģ
šƵͷ
Т˳̫ϲõƵԴ
ţĸҲܺ˵ˣһϿˣٵҪģˡƸϽܣĸѧ㡣
ƶ㣬ˤˡ
֪ˡ
ưʱܵѧѧȥ̫߰գ̫ľ񶼺ܺãֻѣһϣȶһЩصȡ
Ȱ߹
ͷоȵġ
㣬ղȥ̫ҽԺ˻ʡ
̫ˣҽˡ
ҲȰ߹ͣӡ
Ѿʼñõѧ
ˣб𣿡߹ʡ
С̫ţƵıرࡣ
ǾͺãȻȵܡ
ĸһʿϿΣʱѧ
˻ӻػҪȥ̫밲͸߹һغ󹬣ԶԶؿʮһʮӶͷͿһɫۣԵִġ
ʮһʮͿʲôʡ
ЦʣŵܵСʱҲͿ
ʲôһʱû
Ц۰СʱͿ˺ܳһʱء
ˣɵþһ£ʮһǶˣ
û취̫ˡ
ǱǵɣȻ׷ǡ߹
ƺӦ
·ܿʮһӺʮӣȰ¡üվڴС
ʡ
¡̧̧֡

ʣôˣ߹ʡ
¡üͷĸˣĸˡ
ƸϽʣǰʱѾãôֲˣ
ׯ̫ҽ濴ء
ֻõȴš
ׯ̫ҽܿ£̫ûʲô£ǽ쳣ȣϲȶԲŻ᲻
ôΣ¡ʡ
ͺˡׯ̫ҽ
¡۾Ƕӵ
ɣ̫ˣӶ෴
¡û⣬ʣô죿
ׯ̫ҽصǰʱ̫󵽱Ժܱͺˣ̫öûȥˡ
¡Ҳ֪̫ǰӹǲãʱԺصʹ⼸꣬ӹԽӲʣûȥԺˣ֪̫ˣԾܲסˣǾͼȥԺ
ׯ̫ҽԺְոȰ˵ˣ̫ԸȥԺ
ΪΣ¡۲ʡ


185 국
ׯ̫ҽְ֪
, ȥɣȥȰ˵¡۵
ǡׯ̫ҽ뿪ˡ
¡̧߽ӡ
סƣСŵܵ, ĸ, ǾͲȥ߶ˡ
߹ŵͷ
, ̫˼һҲ̫, Ʊãǻȥɡ
šλ뿪
߽
¡Ȱ˵̫ȥԺ
̫һתƣЦ⣺ƶ
˽, ̫֣ĸ
յƵĵɫ̫ĸû¶
㶼ˡƶ̫󴲱ߵ
̫ºͣ˺ã񡣡
㱾Ͳְǰ̫ЩֵģǺ̬ܽ
̫ݵá
ݣӶˡƵ̫״
̫Ƶֵ, Ŀģǿһģȥͺˡ
ĸ󣬵ԺͲˡ¡۵
Ҳȥֱ̫ӻص
¡ۿ֡
û˵, Ŀ䵽ϡ
¡Ȼ׹ĸ, 㶼ûȥԺˣξȥܱӻúչƶ, Բƶһë
̫ᶨҾǲȥ
ͻȻ̫ѾûȥԺ, Ϊ, ԲŲԸȥԺ, æȰĸ, ȥԺĻͲˡ
̫ơ
ƵĸȥԺɣٻ
̫º͵ؾܾĸȥ
Ƶ֮ǰ˵Ժ𣿡
ǰҲȥ˵ССԺĳЩʱСһԿɰ
һȥƵ
̫һ㶡
¡ۺֶơ
Ƶ˵ԺܺãҶûȥȥ
ȥ̫ʡ
šƵͷ
̫㻹Ҫ̫ѧ
Ҵʿһȥѧϰġ
̫ȥԺģӱԺصʹҪ¡ۡӦͺ󹬵ߵģůůСӡ
ԽԽ᲻ã§ССӡ
һһһꡣ
תۼ͹˰ࡣ
һռСƶͻǣңǣСƶԲãǣСƶ˯ãǣ۸Сƶܾܰɣһ͹ȥˡ
һҲȥԺСƶҪȥԺ־̫ίСƶˣǲҪȥˣԺͻӹһ𡪡
ĸûϵģȥһհȰ˵һֱͻĸһȥԺء
̫ԥˡ
¡ۿơ
Ƶʣȥ
¡۸ŵĸ󣬲ʹƶȥһɡ
̫Ƶ֣ƶ֪Ϊĸá
ΪѽƸ̫ܵ۰Ҳޱȵذ̫󣺡ȻҪΪ̺ˡ
̫Բ޳ܹƶϸܵͨ顣
ƵĸȥԺһ棬ٻȣ̫Ӧ֮½ּʹԲһֱܣȥ˺ܴ
̫ͷãȥԺ
һ
¡һŴʯͷҲˣĸ󣬶ȥš
ȥɡ̫
¡ˡ
Ƽ̫
̫ƶҲȥ׼׼ĸ˵һ˵ֿˡ
룬ʣĸɲԴĸһȥԺ
ĸһ𣿡
Ƶͷšɵ涼Ǻӣ¡۾Դ쵼һҲеģǺ٣һֱҪһߡ
ĸԸ𣿡ǰ̫ȥԺʱ¡۳ĳλȥչǲԸģƶĸǸĻģϲġ
Ƶȥһʡ
̫Ը⣬һȥ
š
ƻصϼ˵ȥԺ¶
̴Ӧֵĵ硭
ܴΪõľΪ˴ϽأҲ
ͷ
ǵ֪ĸ͵ܵҪȥԺ㻹¶ᡣ
û¶վͻ
ͷ
ƴȥ̫ѧ·ϣӵ˸
ҪȥԺӺ߻Ӿȡ
ʲôʱ򣿡߹ޱȡ
պ󡣡Ƶ
Ͱ˻һʣȥã
վͻˡƵ
ܵܡ߹һƵ֣۾һºˣЩʣ㲻ȥԺòãڹţһϿΰ᲻ߡ
ƵĸˣԽԽȣԽԽܡ
ʮӵԺ졣
߹ͷ˵
ʮֲᡣ
ҪѹȥҾͻˣܿġƵ
Ӽֱֱؿơ
ƵǴóԵģ
˭ϡӵ
磬㲻ϡҾͲ㿩Ƶ
㣡ӹơ
Ц
ҲЦˡ
˿ƵЦ̲ס¶Цݡ
ܿҾͻˣǾ͵ҰȥˡƵԺҾǸСˡ
ӵ˵ͷ
̫ѧҪһΣȥˣ¿εʱҪæȥѧԨũ˾̫ҽԺػصģͺˣֻдһŸ㣬ת񴡣
ܿ͵˳ա
Ʊ̫ƺƵس˻ʹ
̫оΣʡ
첻ȣûʲôо̫
Ƶ˾ǣҰ֮ؾͻһЩ
ţ·Ҳľֵ
̫ͷ§ơ
ƵĸܣҪ˵ม
̫ЦĸֲСӡ
Сӣҵġ
ƶûûСġ
̫ȴЦ
ָЦ
ЦһƬȰſȴۡĿ
Ҫˡ
ʮһӺʮӷδţֶŽչſ޺Ÿ磡
ȥԺˡ
ʮһ涵ػͷƭ
ƭʲôŵܵĺͻĸȥԺˡƼ˶ΪʮһӺʮ̫ڣԹȥԺϢȻСһһһѣ໽ſޣ˵̫ܵǰޣŵ̫
ߺ󣬸ʮһӶˣȥԺĲֹ̫󣬻ơ
ʮһӶӲǲţ̫ܵѧϼûпӰӣܵȰ߿޺ûеõӦʮһʧŸ
ʮ۽С
ǰţˣˡ
ʮһӿŵҲŸߡ
ܿͻġ
ʮһӿֹһŨŨ⣬ʣܿϵ죿
š˼λش
ʮһӵȲʣһ𣿡
ûһ졣
ϵܿ졣ʮһĨһ
һ£׵ܵܰСʱһΪһǸܴ֣СһپͲ߸ʮһʮᣬߵԣܿͻˣǾŸ绹˵Ǵ
ʮʡ
֪ء
ʮһӵ
ԣͷ
ߣǻȥ
ʮһӺʮӵ뿪ȰȰСһ
СһʮһͻȻһ䣺㡣
ţӦ
ʮһӺ۾Ÿϵ국
磡ϵƺݺݴһ硣
ƶôˣ̫ʡ


186 Сƭ
ǲˣʡ
û, ǸոձЩͦСӡ
̫һš
Ƶû¶
̫ҲƵͷˡ
һ۴ˡ
̫, һ, Ǿ͵Ϣ
̫ͷ
, Ȼˡ
̫ɫЩÿ
Ƶĸ, ĸסվһЩٳ
һ
վݣȶȥٴγ, һֱҹĻ٣һסվ
ĸоΣƹ۲̫ɫ
ûвʣĵʡ
ʣҪҪŻгٶȣ
ҲԵһгʱ
ĸһһ䣬䶼ǹ̫
̫̹Цô, ҪģҺܺã뾩ԶˣƺˬһЩ
Ƶͷ
ȷʵ
̫Խ, Խˡ
ƶ˵ͷ
, ̫ԣԽߣԽ, ˶ûκβʸ, ˴, ڵ˱Ժ
֪Ժɽˮ֮, ǿɽˮ, β䣬ƺǾ̾ѡ
Σ̫ʡ
̫ĸ첲ĸѽ
ˬʡ
ǰҪǹæʵۻҪء̫ƶˣʣϲ𣿡
ϲƺһ
̫Цˡ
ʣĸӸоΣ
ţҺܺá̫һصԺû˾ǵȣĶ̹ˡ
ƺҲˡ
̫ƵֵߣҴǿס
ĸ˰ɣЪһЪ̫
ۣҴǿһԺ̫Ȥܸߡ
ƺ̫һԺɽˮ⣬С졢̨ͤ¥鿡СԭйˡӡũȵһʮţԺԶȺͽ֮ͨ⣬ûëʺ塣
̾
Ǿͺúסɡ̫
Цŵͷ
˵˵ЦЦһ˱Ժ
ˬޱȡ
ѯŵ¶
̫ǾŰɡ
ûһţưԵġ
̫ƶ
ҵӣôۣ̫ܲЦ԰ɡ
ĸҲԡ
á
һţʳҲˡ
˯ɡ̫
ĸʲôģ˵มƵ
á̫ЦŴӦ
ƵԼҪñģ˯ʮʣһ˯ϴϾȥ̫
̫ױ
վԱ߷̡
ĸƺһ
̫תͷ
Ƶĸܺѽ
̫˵Цŵ̫˯ĺܺãһֱող
˯ߺãͻáƵ
̫Цŵͷ
ƿĸ˯Σ
ĸ˯ҲƵ
ƵҲ˯ĺܺá
̫ͷһţҪŲʿϿˡ
ôϿΣʡ
Ȼܵöڹ̫ѧſΣ㲻ѧϰЦ㡣̫
ƶȥѧϰĸչ̫󡣡
áƴӦ
ƱȥѧϰǴһʿģ̫䡢ȵȲʿֻðտγϿΡ
ȥũ˾ȥ̫ҽԺҲŵܵˣʡʱ̫
ƶ᲻ģ̫ʡ
ᡣƵÿնܿġ
𣿡
ʵģҲͷֿңҲνˣܿͿԼģҲæء
æ𣿡̫оҲֻѧϰѡ
ƻش𣺡̫ȭ˾ͽĸ
ңȡ
ԣǿġƵ
Ч̫ʡ
еġƼᶨ
̫ţСƶô飬ҲþܾǱһ̫ž͸о̫첲ȶչˣ·Ҳˡ
̫ϲʣɣо仯𣿡
ͷľþͷˡ
ֲñĲҲӡ
š
Ǽƶ
ȻӦ
ڱԺæš
¡۵ȴоʹȻ˺ܶȤ
ʣܵ𣿡߹ʡ
ˡ¡۵
˵ʲô˻ӵһʡ
д𣿡ʮһӰʡ
أʮӸʡ
¡۵дһ⣬˵һжã̫ܺá
дôʮӲʡ
ôд㣿ʮһʡ
ǰ
ôд㣿
̫д
ƶд
Ҳд
ֻдһ⣬¡۶ûžͽˣҵӦǼ䣬뿪ˡ
ʮӵ
߹ʺ񲻿ġ
ҲǲģӦǵ䡣
˻ӵͷ
ʮһӵŸ
ԣĸʮӽӻ
ʮһӵͷԡ
ʮӺȻʧҲŸ
ʮһӵҲϵ
ӺȻȰȰˣ״ŵܵվͻˡ
ʲôʱհʮһʡ
Ͼ͵ʢģʢһա
˻ӵͷǵŰɡ
ֻܵˡ
ʢĺܿ٣ʹޱȣÿնðϿΣڴոϽһһգȵһȥ֮ʱյβ͡
һ˷
Ҫˣ߹
Ҫˡ
˻ڴŵܾܵҪˣ
ŵܵҪʮӻ
ӣдоŸ磡ʮһӾ
˻תͷʮһܣ˼˵ʮܣСʱ֪Ǻ˶ŵܵܡˡ
Сʱ򣿡ʮһӻ롣
ԣСʱ򡣡
ʮһСʱҺڵľйϵѽ
Ƥ߹Ͱ˻һ
ʮһӵŸ˵ƤϵҪ㡣
Ÿľ˵ʮӵ
˵
ľУ
˵
ľУ
ӳųŷΧܰתͷһǲˡ
ʮһӵʮܣľҲҪ
ʮӴӦãǻȥԷɡ
ߡ
һ𳯺ߡ
ԶԣСԶˣǲ˳һڴƵĵǲ֪˵ġաָ֣дŹȥҲûеõȷеĻش
ֱ֣¶ƻûл
޾ɵ̫߳ѧ
߹ʣСƶʲôʱ
ŵܵ𣿡ӵ
߻ӵŵܵܳŵİ
Ķʡ
϶յˡ߻ӵ
Ҳյˡ
ô˵żʡ
˻ʧ˵ŵܵ˵ԺǱ¶ڰæڲ
̫ѧż񴣬ǡ仰΢΢һ٣㶺һ̧ߣһֱߵԷ
ӻˡɽͶһӭӡ
Ҳֱ߽鷿鰸̯һţŵĩβһ䡸磬վͻมһ飬סһ仰³֣Сƭӣ


187 
ӡ߽
, ֣ʣ£
ֵ÷ˡ
֪ˡ񴵭һ䡣
鲻ѣҲҶ, ˳ȥ
ֿһϵ, תȥ÷
ɽʣ, ͽʲôʱ
֪ޱػش
, 뿪ĸ£ҹġɽһֱȫκɰľͽܾŻӣûоŻڵĻʹζˡ
ҳԱˡ룬߽鷿, 뿪ʱдţĶһ飬Ȼսŷѡһ飬ʼĶ
һֱҹ˯
δ, һ׽ȥ̫ѧѧ̲סעͺĶ, ϣõƵϢ, ȴʲôû
һһһա
һһѩƮУϦֵڱ뿪, ʹѩڻ, ľ, һѧ, һһ̫ܵѧſڴ󺰣߽㣡
ʮһʮ, ôˣ߹̫ѧ
ŸʮһӴ
˻ӾϲʣĶ
Ͻܲ鿴
һ
·ϣʮӵ
ļٵģ߹ֱԼġ
ʮһӵʸո˵ġ
߹ʣĶȥʡ
ʮָ󹬡
ߣȥʡ
߹˻ʮһӺʮܡ
㶣һĨ⣬ػصԷǶƻľϢͺۡ
ֻߵǰǳòӣһ¡
ӣкָ̣ƽʱ񴶼ǶҲٺ̸ͻȻ㶼Щܳ
˵ŻҪˣʡ
ԭʵܵܵ¶
ʵش𣺡ţѾڻ·ˣյ
ȭͷա
ֲһ䣺ѧʱ򡣡
лصԼλá
п˶ܵܰȻܵܵģõܵܺĸϢͿʼ費˼룬ھŸϿܵܺĸ
ʱ̵ţڵȵѧˣͺһѧãԶԶؿӵһѧܡ
磡㻽һ
ӱܱ߻ͷܵܣŵܻܵˡ
ʣĶ
ӻش𣺡˵ʻȥˡ
ͺ̼ӿٶȡ
һȺãԶԶؿһ󹬡
ܵܣ߹󺰡
ŵܵܣӸź
Сƶ
ϵơ̫ˡ
Ƶĸĸںҡ
̫ţȥǰɣȻˡ
³עЩ
áƺͳ˵һ
ͣ
ӵ˸ͣ
ֻһһϮ°ɫѣüĿ£ʳһЦѰƷ·һ㣬ţаΧһһ̶ˣǿ˾̾
ܵܣ㲻š
ˡ
Ӽ˴סˡ
ԶԼ
磬һˡ
ܵܣ㣡˵һ§סƣ㰡ܵܣ
ӵ˶ơ
ЦŻ㣬磬㣬߸磬˸磬ʮܵܣþò
þò˰ΧĽġ
һӵ˲ŷ֡
ƵԴ
߹Ƶܵܣ㳤ˣ
ÿˣ˵ָÿģںÿĲˣ
˻ӵͷ㶼ˡ
Щ˼ơ
Ц뿪࣬ʮˡ
ӽӻŵܵܣͶˡ
磬Ķף߹Ǻӣܲģ
ӺٺЦ°
߻ӿʣŵܵܣ˵չôڲŻ
ǣǵȵĺÿ࣡߹ƵģдμڱԺˣԺ֪ΣǱűӿһ
ȣȡӵ
Ҳ֪д𣿡˻ӵ
ıǸȥȣԺǱȻúܶ࣬Ǻܾûֵָ꣬ɺɽºܶׯʳ֮û취Һͻĸϵũ˾˾ǱˮȡǴջģܿŸɺܣԾ
һֱũ˾ϵأ˻ʡ
Ƶͷ
߹ôû뵽ȥũ˾أ
Ҳû뵽
ôʡ
æĹȣάһˮ֪͵˶ѩ·Ҳ³ʲôΣգԲѡ˴һһ͡
ӵԵɣҲơ
·ɣȻغ˵
ã磬ĸǳ㡣Ƶ
㿪ĵصͷߡ
ӵҪôƵ֣ҪôƵѣҪôƣǰơ
ƾǱ͵ܹܵЮǰߡ
ţʶתͷȥǡÿ񴣬ûӢˣüĿ续ͦĮ͸󣬷·Ǹɽ֮ϲǳѩһ㣬һ۶Ŀ̫ÿˣ
̲סֿͻһ񴡪硪硪
΢
ͣȡᡪҡȥҡ㣡
񴶪һ䡸Сƭӡתߡ
СȴˡСƭӡ֣ûʲô˼ڸ͵ܵܵ½˺󹬡
һ·һ·˵һ˴Ȱ
ȰһƬ
¡ۡʺ˶̫밲
̫ڱԺһֱϰ̫ȭ԰ʳ˯߼ãɫ󣬾
¡۵˲ͣؿ佱š
̫Цͣһ̧ۿƣƶ
ĸƺӵһ
¡ۿƵɲ㶣⺢ӡ
ʺŻӳˡ
̫ˡֵ˵
ֲˣֱӵǾŻӳˡ
ɸ͡
ǫˡ
̫ȴÿ佱ǶԵģɲ˶ƶ
¡Ǹģ֪ǳöÿԼӢģǿƵһɲǣʶؾãСˡ
Ƶţ˼Ҷ˵ĸ
̫һЦ
Ȱһ߻֡
ֵ̫ƶ
̫ǰ
̫þҲãֺǺǵ˵һЩԺȤ¡
Ҷš
ƺȻоվޣһʮһӺʮӡ
ʮһӺʮ˵ŸջˣڴȰȣһ죬Ҳ˾Ÿ硣
ǴӵеľŸ磬·ϵ·һررÿǵľŸ磬ֺǡ
һֱơ
Ц
ϵ˭ѽʮһʡ
ʮӸŵϵҾŸ𣿡
ƿڣʮһֵǶԸţҿϵϵҾŸ硣


188 
ƷʣҺа𣿡
ʮһƶеѽ
СЦ˵, ҿܲܶ
ãҵ̥ʮһ˵꣬תͷſʮӵĶ, ˵ʮ, 㲻Ҫ˵, 㲻Ҫ˵ƨƨ, 𣿡
ʮӵͷ죡
ʮһӿƣ
ʮһӵĻҲ֪ʮһƨƨϵ̥ǣЦƨƨϡ
ʮһԴʣƨƨϵƨƨ
Ƶƨƨ
ʮһ磬˵, ϵŸ磡ʮƶ
ţʮһӿƣϵҾŸ磡
ƶνġšЦãҲֿ֪࣬ʮһӺʮӶİУҪ֤һݵģ, ҾǾŸ磡
Ÿúÿʮһ̾
ϵɣʮӵ
ʮһӵͷ絷⣺š
Ÿ磬ҳҲÿʮӵ
ʮһԸˣ㲻ҲŸ磡
ʮӼᶨģҺ;Ÿһÿ
񣡡
ڵģ
ô, һ㶼񡣡
ڣ
֣
ֺ֣
֡, ֣
ֿʮһӺʮӳˣƱУԱ߿Ϸ, һҲǳ, ûһԶͺ, Ȼź˵
ƶ, ûУ̫תͷѯơ
Ʒʣĸû
ĸá̫Ҫ¶ơ
ƵǾŰ, ʳĸϢ
̫Цãš
˿ʼţӣʳʢޱȡ
ûмӦ뺫ˣһǰ
ʮһӺʮӲߡ
ƵˣŸ˵
ʮһӺʮӵͷûдŸ˵һֱͷԳԺȺȣԵĺܡ
ƱӦ˱߳Ա졣
һֱŽ
¡۵ˣʱˣĸϢǾͻȥˣն㡣
̫ͷ
¡ۻʺҪˡ
ƵĸҲػˡ
ãƶٹ̫
ƵͷصŸպȿˮ̫Ӧ롢ӡ߹㡢߻ӺͰ˻Ӷˡ
ЦЦȻһһĻʹͱԺȤ£ֺǺǵҹŸԻȥ
ܵܣռ߹
߰Ƶ
Ӧ뿪
ԡڴЪϢһ´ѣӴȥܿѲ㿪˶ֱ֣ӽԷ
ڴϣֳһ飬ŵƹĶ˴һŵÿˡ
硣ƻ
̧ʣʲô
㰡Ĵϡ
֣˽Ȼװ·ӡ
Ƶǰûˡ
㻹֪顣
ƵͷǰҶء
ǡ³֣ľƭ
Ƴǰôƭˣ
սչ顣
Ҽƻչѽһͨ飬ǱԺǱߵϰ̫Ҫˣŵڹ
ֱֱơ
˵ûʱдš
񴲻˵
ֵˡ
üʣң
ţöΡæصͷ
ʣöǶٴΣ
ѿڶÿѮһΣ
ɫÿ
Ƽ״ϽĿڣԲԣһΡ
ɫԾɲÿ
Կǵÿ춼һΡ

ЦҸղǶģпյʱˡ
֪˵ģǵֿסʲôСƭʲôдŵͳͳƽˣתʣյ˰ɣ
۰ֱۡɵĴϡ
Ӳɵý
Ƶ˯ˡ
У̵
ΪΣŤͷ
ҲԼӦܴ󣬼̶͵ĸǿ㣬ż
Ƶһͻȥ
У
ΪΣҶԡˡ֪Щ񱡣
Ҳϲ˯һ𡣡
ϹСʱ򳣺˯һ㻳˯ء
㳤ˡôÿ
ƿ˿ʣ˯ˣ
˳Ƶͷԡ
ȷʵǲСʱƾһСӣҲûߴ˯һãȷʵˣҲǵǺðɣˡ
񴰵͸һţ·עⰲȫ
á
뿪
һ·ĬĬظƣ˳ؽһ䷿˵ƣԼӳƵӰŰģתصԷԷ
һ֧ѣǸո͵ġ
ѣкȻƽһĻ·ǹһҫãõЩ޴룬ʹһжֵֹġ
㲻ԭɵϾͿʼ߰Σ˯ļãڶ컹δŴѡ
ӵ˶ϿΡ
ƺӵһȥ̫ѧõͬǵ黶ӭ󷽵ͬһЩСȥũ˾̫ҽԺʽع˹ûãʮһӽ̫ѧѧϰ
ʮһܽѧÿˡ߹
ǰŵƻͷʣΪΣ
˻ӵٵ¡
Ϊʲôٵʡ
߹ָָѧ⻩ơ
ƵΪꣿ
ԣ˵͸˯ģȻĥĥ𴲣ѧʱͳٵˣʿ飬˵ôСôࡹʿҲˣټա߹
ЦΪʮһܡ
ôǳˣҸովѧÿʮһһۣѾˣͬء˻ӵ
ӦͺˡƵͷ
˻Ӵóҩ࣬Ϳϡ
߹ʣ˵ܵܣôˣ
죬˺㣬Ϳҩ˻ӵҩܹá
Ǿͺã淳ˣꡣ߹ÿδ̫ҽԺ϶ʪһ롣
˻ӵղ˰ɡ
ţĺþˡ߹̾һ
ƿ˿⣬²һ
ʿϿˡ
ѧ˳ʳȥѧſվʮһӺʮӣڷվ
ʮһܣʮܡƻ
߹ʣôվ
˻ʣվˣ
ʮһʮܡ
Ʋʣʮܣô㻹ûе̫ѧء
ʮһɡɡʮӵ
йˣҲҪɡɡϵҵģʮһӷŭתʮӣҪϵ̫˸ͲңͲ죬Դ굽͵Ե
ʮ죬úô¶Ǵصԣ
ơ߹˻ӣ


189 
ͷʮһ׵
ʮӴ˴, ֪ô˵
ʮһߵСӣ㻵͸
ľл͸ʮӽͣϿ͵ԵϵԵģϵԵġ
ʮһӷʣϿʱܽѧ, Ͷ
, ԡҲվѼʮӵ߼ʮһһޡ
ʮһӶʱԶԡ
˱Ц, ҲŪ龭, ʮӿˣʮһɡʲôϿβϿεģ߸˵سѧ, ɡʮһӡ
ʮһſ͵Եġ
ѵøѧѧϿε̫Ҳˣʹ̫˵ȨʮһӺʮӷվˡ
Ǽվɡ߹
ȥĶʮһʡ
ƻش𣺡÷
Ҳ֣ʮһӺʮһ
˻еȥˣվ˽ȥ÷, ӱվҪ顣
ƺ߹һܻӴ
˻Ӳģִ׵ġ
ʮһӺʮһͷԼֺ֣ٴ׵Ļ, ͷˡ
úվŰɡЦź޻, һ̫ѧʳá
߹Ͱ˻ȥԼԵķˡ
һۿ񴣬ֺ硣
÷˵ͷ
ȥ򷹡ָָ顣
Ӧš
ȥŶӡ
һѧӶ̵ǰ, Ҫ¡
񴿪ڵˡ
ѧ뿪
ûһƶǰ, 𣿡
š
ʣɡ𣿡
ˡش
ƺȿˮһһҰɡ
ƿ, ʣ㲻Ҳɡ𣿡
ǰ, ǳɡ, š˵ֱ׳
á
Сƶ߹§ƵļͷԵʲô
񴶢ź֣·ҪƵġ
ƽִ򿪣ȥ÷ɡ
Ա߿ŵλãСƶһԱߡ
ȥɡƴߴ١
ֺǺǵȥ򷹡
ͻȻʣ𣿡
ƿ߹Ͱ˻ӡ
ûпڣ߹Ͱ˻ӿߵĿλԷض̹ˡ
̹һ£СߣСˣôˣ
߹Ҹˡ
һҡ
߹ӵ
֪߹ǸǿֻԶλ
ЦЦ
߹ܵܣ綼ˣû硣
ܸ¶Ҳûп
ôûп߹ʡ
ʣûСʮô̫ѧģһ£Сʮû취ģʮǸСʮһģСʮһȱ㶼ѧ˲࣬Ҳѧ¡ۣȻͽ̫ѧ
ŵܵܣ˻ӵ
޵صͷͬ˻ӵĻ
߹ʣ֪ʲô顣
ܺйءƵ
һĴꡣ
²Ʒ߹˻ӺҲϳݡ
÷
ĸ˵ҡ
ƴɡ³
뿪
˯ʱƽֹ˯˯ţһ𣬾һŴưô꣬üͷȥѧá
ѧʱûп㣬ȥ̫밲ʱ֪̫ȥල޺ӵˡ
ӵôˣʡ
ûô¸ͣ©Ƶģ㸸ʵķˮһЩ󳼲ģȥ๤ˡ̫
һ
̫ҲΪ͵ˣ㸸ܵйͰɡ
û뵽ĸ¶˵ҲЩʵ۶һ㶼ģ¶¶ʣ޺ӵ𣿡
˭֪أϣ겻ҪˣׯҶ˲١
ü
̫̲ס˫ֺʮ
¡ʱ̫
̫ѯʺӵ
¡üͷȥ˿һֱ£ֹܲۡ
̫һ£ô죿
Ƶʣɢϰհ
¡۵ͷ͹Ѿȥˡ
ƿĴ꣬Ҫˣֱҹˮ£µķ
ڶղϿΣʵڵˮ⣬簲֮͵ũ˾ũ˾˾˽һЩʱķѴ֪ʶ
صͿʼѴĸ⡣
߹Ͱ˻ӹˡ
һЩеûģҩ伱ܽ
㣬϶ʪˡ˻ӵ
ûϵż˵ӵ̳¶ˡ
ʲô¶һվ
Ҹո̫ҽԺ˵̫ˣһֺˮӵ̣һֺˮ廵˺ӵ̣类ںӵˣ
ȥӪȰ߹Ͻ
ѾȥӪȣҵֲȲĴ񡣡ȥæȥȥ
ͬȥ
һҸʣ
ߣ
ĸһĵµ˵⡣
¡ֱӾܾУ̫Σˣ
ΣղȥİƵ
¡ơ
֣ص˵ʲһֱǰѣǵȻ岻ݴǵذ
ǡ
ǶС˰ʮʱѾһˣҲ򸸻ѧϰƵ
˵ͷ
߹ǵĹ򲻱ʿǲ
˵ͷ
¡ԥƶĸ
ףĸԽңԽҪС
˻ӵŶǣǶĻᰡ
ȥˣעⰲȫͿˡŵ
˵ͷ
ĸһһ˵ţ¡ҲɣһҪСģˮ濴޲ʵӿΣա
˵ͷ
ȥɡ¡۵
ܡ
¡۵ǲģǮЩ˱ǣ
ǣǮӦ
¡ټԲߡ
˵ũ˾£صһҪЯƷȻ˴´ӻ񴡣
ŻӣȥĶɡʡ
Ƽ򵥵˵һ¡
̵Һһȥ
һ¡
߹յƶߣСܵܣǴررģ
Σյġ
Ҫһȥ
˵ǡ㡹ǡǡ￪ģãһᱣ㡣
лл
ƽһ£ϰɡ
һʹðӵ̱ȥ;ʿɢϰգһǱѣǼ״һЩ滤͵ȫ֮ĵطȻӵȥ
ԽԽѡ
·Ҳˡ
߰ɡ߹
˴Ӧ
һ߹۲һǰߣһȺʿǰߡ
һʣôͻȻôˣǲǰʲô¶ˣ
̫ӡӺ͹ɱסˣһʿ
Ǹովȳ𣿡߹


190 ȼ
סˣʡ
, ǰӵִ̳ȱڣΣ̫ڸߵءʿ˵Ѹǰȥ
ˣֱסˡ
ƸϽǸϽȥ
ˣߡ
˸һȺʿǰߡ
ԶԶؿһȺʿ, ð꿸ɳºӵȱڡ
ȱڲ, ǲܼʱסĻ, ĺˮڶ, ûεĴׯߴĺӵɳʯպӵʧЧˮһʰ
ˮ֮ʱ, סӵ̶ǷǳҪ顣
Ӧ롢͹վһߵؽŵָš
Ƕ
ƻûкӦȻˮԶɳȥȱڡ
ɵ˼״һҲ׷ˮæ
Ҳȥ߹
㣡ȥɢȺ߹
һסû¶ˡ߹
һֱ¡˻ӻܵһµסҲִ, 죬ȥɢ񡣡
񴸽͵ûԷһ
ͷǰá
߹һȱڴˮ, ߡ
ƳӦ㺰, 磬ȥɢ񣡡
Ӧһתͷˣһ, ˵ʱ, Ȼõܵǳ, θ, ӿж, һעⰲȫ
֪ˣƿ˵ߡ
ðߣʿһ𰤼ҰɢеĴ֪ĶȥˣеĴСеĴж㡭һ˺ʿǶӦİ
ǾһԸߣ˳ֵģǲƵˣԸʰŲᷢˮ֮ġ
ʿȰⲻˡ
ҲԵȥһҡ
ʿȥȰһҡ
ʣ治ˣ
ֻǲһ˼ǰķ̫ʱ䣬ȣɢ񡣡
˻ӵûǰûжٻˣɢ֮󣬾Ͳºˮ͵ˡ
߹͵ׯڡ
ʱҪӻ
Ƶͷǣߡ
˼ǰߡ
һˮͻȻ
Ƶ󣺡Сġ
Сġ
˺ʿǶʱ
ˮֱֵ˼С
˶ʱ󺿣ҵʳʳ
߹ʳˣ㺢Ӱɡ
˻Ȼ򣺡үү㣬
ȱڳĺˮ嵽ѾûôͣȾ˵ļˣȻŰѺ˼ںˮקϰ
û˸ղŵĸܾ񣬶ǧл
Ҳû˵ʲôɢоˮԽԽԽԽ
Ծ˻ӵ
źˮˮԽԽˡ
΢΢üӵȱڿܶ²סˡ
ɫֶһȱڡ
˵öԣߴѾɢĲ࣬Զĵط͸ѾţţڻȥǡƵ
öסȱڡ˻ӵ
û
ִʿΣȻӵֳһȱڡ
Ӧˮؿɳ
Ƽ״Ҳץɳȥ
һ
ܵܡ㺰
Ƶ磬ǰѸɢˡ
ɵúã
һȱڡ
עⰲȫ
֪
һȺ˺ʿһˮװɳɳʯȵȣܵĲӣ׷׶ݣԾǰ
һӵ֮ʿ
Ӧ΢΢һ
ڰǡ
Ӧͷ
ͣˡ߹ͻȻ
Ƶһա
ĵͣˡ
ǵжû֮ͣ󣬼ӹ̺ӵ̣˰ˮ仺
ˮĹɵǼӹ̣գգͦѴھͺˡ
ʿһµǡ
ɿӦ̫ӵ£ΪһգҲϢϢˣʣµĽְͿˡ
Ӧۣͷá
ɸϽӦóһ·
ӦˮеƵ˵ܵܣŵܵܣǶЪһЪɡ
ͷá
Ӧ볯ߡ
Ƶ˸š
ӦȻйæµһգʵƣ˳źӵʱûע⵽ӵȻֵСȱڡ
СȱȻһɺһ½嵹
̫ӵ£
磡
磡
һȺ˺
ǧһ֮ʣץסӦĸ첲Ӧ˦ȦĲȣ项һˤ֮С
Żӣ
ܵܣ߹ȥ
ŵܵܣͰ˻Ҳûԥ
Ӧ
һѱסӦ룺̫ӵ£ɳ嶯
ſӦ
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Ӧһƿɺԥȥ
ɸϽ˶ȱڣˮٶȺȣִˣˣ
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ںˮзڣ֪ںˮѾļˮʱͻȻȫղסһֱЮŷоԼСˡ
Ƿʱһֱֻץסĸ첲Ī뵽ˮ֮ģѸȻһϤŻӡ
񴡣
Ӧקˮ棬񴿡Ͻɫ硪
ץ֡
ܵܣ߹˳ˮӿ
ָǣƺһתͷ
߹ͬʱ֡
ںˮĳ֮£ĸץס˶Է֣˻ӺӦ붼˳ƶ
߸˽ڱ˴˵֣˳źˮ¡
ʯͷ֦ľ廹ϰû֣˵ӦͰ˻ץסߵᲱ߸һ𿿵ߣʪܵϰ
ڵϣڴڵش
һſ˴ˡ
߹пүˣһȫˡ
ĨŶͷϵĺˮ㻹ˮ
ҵܵȥˣҵȻҪȣ߹ﶼǵܵܡ
˻ӵҲǡȾŵܵܡ
ůȻţҲ类ˮˡ
Ӧ۾һºˣˮһ̣ľԼˣ֪ŵܵͻȻ֣ȴˮС
˵飬Դӻʹ˾ŵܵԺ󣬻ʹͱůҲ˸һ
þŵܱܵˮߣûжˮ׷ŵܵܡ
ҲҺ׷ˣ׷ˣܵǶ׷ˣ߸йֵֿס˺ˮĳŵԻȻĲǾŵܵܡ
ںˣҶˣ߹
˻ӵŽ
ͷ
ˮ̫ˣҺںˮ
߹Һڡ
Ŀڡ˻ӵ
Һڣأ
Ӧʵʵ˵Һڡ
ҺһڣŻأ
ƻһ£ҺĿڡ
߹ˮ̫Ѻˡ
ġӡ
Ӧµɳ
С󡣡˻ӵ
ζ
߸Խ˵ԽףԽԽţһںˮкȾ̬һ˵˵žһЦˡ
ɳСģǲǲóˣ


191 һ
Ц
߹Цݵ, һҪԵģ
ҪԺܶࡣ˻ӽӻ
ǽպͳ˸š
Ϊӵ̷ŶûгԶ١
ϲһֱŵĵ𣿡֪Ƕѧϰװĵϰߡ
߹ʪ͸ˡˮͺˮôá
Ӧöζġ˻ӵ
ʣǶʲô
Ӧ΢˼һ£Էӣɡ
, Ե̫ݳ, Ҿ档߹
ƵҳԵġ
ը
˻ӽŵ, Ӷѿȵ˿ݡƤ, ٽϺֻͣ̫óˡ
˵˵˶Ҫˮȴû, ͻȻˮϮڰߡ
һŻָ
̫ӵ£ɵ˴󺰡
˻ͷ
ǰɵ

´ˣۿžŻˮȻֿӵһܲȥֱ̫ӵҲȥ
˶ˡ
ʼҶŮã
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ʣ̫ӵ, ǡ
ӦЦû¶
û¶
ҲѸЩ
ɽشһ, ľֻһЩ, ͬʱ, һ, Ͻ̫ӵ£ְ
Ӧɴˣˮ飬֮Уɡ
԰һЩǡ
ӦʣӵΣ
Ծڼӹ̡
Ӧͷãǻȥš
ǡɴͷߡ
Ӧ

һµӵǰ
һӦع
Ӧˡ
磬Ҹ㣬ܵܣȻȥɡ
ƵҹҪһգúš
Ҳǡ߹
˻ӸŵǽմҲɢˣɳҲˣʯͷҲˣˮҲˣûȥҪֵ󣬲Ȼ඼׳ˡ
û
ͷ
ܵöӦܸ˵صͷȻˣǾš
⡭ͻȻΪѡ
Ӧɴˣģһ˴ʡ
ƽӻϸĸˣϿԲȥ֪ġ
ǲ̫ȫɵ
ǲơ߹Ͱ˻
Ӧˣɴˣ㲻õģǲǽ֮ˡ֪ˣ֪ŵܵȻΪӹǸû幫СĽݰ֮ȱ㣬ǻҲܳԿֺܴ࣬
룬Ǳְ׼ЪһЪԵ㶫
á
ʣҪҪ׼֮ģ
ӦãһжѻǿѾͿˡ
û뵽̫ӵԿ֮ˣĪظоǴκ֮æǡ
ȥɡ
ˡ
ƽһ飬Ϳɰˣ˳ʳ˵¥ģҲ⹤ɵ˷ѣϴ־ͳ˳㿾
ԱͬʱҲˣ̹ҲˣȻʿһּӹ˺ӵ̡
һֱҹ
һ˸һҩ衣
Ƶҩʣʲô
ýҩ裬ǽˮˣ֪ϻ᲻ᷢȣǰԸҩ裬Ԥһ¡
лл㡣Ƶ
԰ɣûлġ
˳ҩ֮󣬿ʼ
߹˯һӦͰ˻˯һ˯һ
˵˯ʵʱϢϢ֪ҹ᲻꣬ӵ̻᲻¶Ǻ͹ɵ˶Ҫ־ġ
ӦǾ;ϢϢɡ
ҶС
м䡣
ʣܵܣ²£
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ãȻĸĸѹġ
š뵽ߵһλ磬лл㣬ĻҾСˡ
ӣǵҼǵݶ顣
ԺǵûЦ
˲ûʲôˣֻҪɱ˷ŻҶȻ㡣
ţһΪ
һΪ
ƵȵңǸʲôһΪ
񴶼Ц
Цʲôڵ߹ʡ
㾪ȣǶˣ
ѽ磬˵ʲôҶˡ˻ӵ
ǿɱӴ
߸˶Ц
˭û˵оṳ̊ʵ
׿ƣƣر۾Ҳ˯Ժ
߸ٿһŵ鿴ӵȻ취ӹ˺ӵֱ̣ٴͣûгȱڣǲŽ˯һ
һ
̫ˣ߹ϲغ
˻ӵˣˣ
˸Ͻտģ϶¶ϲõЦݡ
磬ǲõĺӵǲǣ߹תͷӦ롣
ӦЦӦģǶȹѵһˡ
á
˻ʣǲǿԻعˣ
ţȻعӦ
˺͹˵һ߳ӵ̣ȻׯںʹׯûˣûԱңҵԵһ·ﵽ٣нš
Ӧ뿴Լѵǻȥʡ
ƵӦڼ
ΪΣ
øǡƵ
Ӧ뿴ƣȻŵܵѾһ꣬ôôĿɰвشůůЦѾ֪յˡ
ʣˮҲ֪𣿡
֪
߻ĸû̫ܴ̼ˡ
϶ûСӦ
룬Ҳǣ¡Ҳ̫󵣾ӵģǵͷԺͻĸ˵
Ӧͷ
񴿴ЦЦ
ףôˮ߹ָǽǵĻˮ
öడ˻ӵ
չҲ˴ꡣ
Ӧܿ˿ˮһʱûͨá
˵ͷȻСӵ˵
ʮһܺʮܡ
߸תͷȻʮһӺʮӣҲ֪ĶŪľ裬ŵ·ߵĻˮ档
ʮһһ˽ȥĵ
ҲҪҲҪʮԱߺš
ҾŸ
ʮһ磬ҲҪ
ʮһӲʮӣһ֦ǰ
Ļ
ʮĽˣ׷źҲҪ
ʮһӵ
ʮܵľǰļ̌СȾϡ
ʮһӴ
ԡʮӼֵ
𿪣
һӾŸ硣
̫
ԡ
ʮһʮӡ
ʮ¸ҵعǡ
ʱľҡҡλΣʧȥƽ⣬һ෭һſˮغڡ
ʮһܣ
ʮܣ
˸Ͻȥˡ


192 ˿
Ʊʮһӡ
Ӧʮӡ
˻ʣʮһ, ʮܣô
˶ſ
ʮһӺʮͬʱһˮȻ󿴵, Լˤ֮, һĵغŸ磡
Ӧ
ʮһӵ
ʮӸŵء
ˡƵ
ʮһӵ, 档
һ, һߵȾŸ硣ʮӸ͡
ģʡ
ţùãСʮһӵ
šʮԱ߸ͣСú档
Ȼͷˣһ˺˼ˮƽ˵
߹ʣú𣿡
ʮһӺʮͻȻ, ǸոպˮСɵô˴߹ˣͷϵˮֿ߹, һʣҺȵϵˮ
ǰ߹
ʮһѵѽ
ʮšСüͷ̫
ԣ˵ж߹٩
ʮһӺʮͬʱһ
Ҫֿ߹Ц
ʮһӶ˺߹Сʱһµľ֣˵Լϻ, ¾ͺˡ
߹ϾҪม
ʮһӺʮС, ۿҪˣƸϽ㣬㲻Ҫ, ֵġ
߹˵ˡ
ʮһƶ, һֵġ
ˮˮġʮָˮ
ҪʮһӺµ
Ҳϵʮӵ
ġƵ
ġʮһӶһ
, Ƕˮˡ̲ס˵
ʮһӺʮһơ
Ƶȥֵʱ, Сĺ˺ˮ, Ƕûбѽ
ʮһӺʮӿžŸ绹ôÿܿƵĻٺ¡
߹˵ͷЦ
ƶ¡۵
Ƶһ
¡Ѿʿ֪Ƽ˵ġҺԺ棬ǿǴཬƵѣľۣڻˡ
ƺӦʮһӶ˷
˸
¡۸Ͻ
Ƽ
û¶ɣ¡ʡ
û¶Ƽһ
û¶ͺãû¶ͺá¡һƵļͷһӦļͷˡ
΢Ц
ӦʣΪǵΡ
ãǳã¡۽
ţʮһӺʮһ𷢳ô
¡ƣޣһƬ¶ı飬ʣôŪӣ
ˤʮһӵ
Ǻ;Ÿһˮʮӵ
Ƽ
¡۵˼ҺˮΪϰգںˮʲôֵýģ
һ仰ʮһӺʮӸסˡ
¡۵ȥѡ
ʮӵá
ʮһͻȻôش¡ۣʣϰΪϰպˮ󣬾ԴΪϰպˮ
Ƽ˺ȻһЦ
ûëǱŤ¡һСʮһֵģ˲һжˣҲȥҪʮһӺʮӣתƼ˵գҹҲû˯ãȥϴһ£úϢ
Ƽ˵
¡ӳ
أֻһ֮ҳݡ
ǫˡ
ЦЦû˵
¡ۿƼ˵ǶȥϢɡ
Ӧʣİΰã
ʱ飬޻ڴϢɡ¡ۿƵƶȥһĸڻ֪ǵúú˵
ǡ
¡۵ͷ
Ӧ볯ߡ
߹ʮһӺʮһغ󹬡
˻Ӻһȥ
˻ʾл
ƣʱҡ
Ƶͷá
ˡͰ˻뿪
ܵܽ治
ӺֻԾŵܵܺá˻ӵ
ʣֻҺã
šͰ˻һͷ
ûԣȴǺܸˣˣǸϽԡɡ
˽˻
ƴͷԡ֮󣬻ϸɾѣͷȥȰ밲ʱɵĿǽ˿ֵ¶û̫
̫ǵԺҪעİΣ
֪ġ̫ĸ첲
ֵܽĺĸܿġ
ţǻһֱĺ
̫ĵƵֵ˰ɣϽȥϢɡ
Ʋûߣĸ
𣿡
ˡ
Ļ͸ϽȥϢڻĸϢҲɡ
Ƶͷ̫ź󣬲Żصû˯飬žͿʼԺһɣ˯ϡͿسţȻ˯
һ˯
ǲϿεһգǹźֵҴҵš
һžͿ߹˻ӳ
ܵܣ𣿡߹ʡ
Ƶͷˡ
ȥҸʰɡ
һʺֵ¶˻ӵ
Ҷ뵽һˣΪũ˾˾ˣӦעũ˾ϽΧڵˮũҵһĵµ
¡ۺʹ£Ǳ΢һ£Ȼ¡ۣѯʺֵ¶
硢Ѿȥ¡۵
ȥô磿߹ȡ
Ǵʲôѯʡ
¡Ҳû͵⡣
ȥǶϰաƵ
ŵʣƺ֮дߣȻ˴κְʷͣŮΪ̫ҽԺһԱҲºˮ˿ڡʳһЩȥһ
Ƹŵʣ˾ԺˣҲǰȥ
¡ۿҪ˵߹Ͱ˻ӵ˵ҲҪȥˣ
߹Ͱ˻ӵͷ
һΡ¡֪Ͳ֪£⼸ӹ֪ٴΣÿһζܻΪģ¡֮ǵʵװһȥ
˴ϲ
ֵٴСġ
ǡ
ã˵Ƥ
߹Ĵָȫõĸס
Ͱ˻Ӽ״Ҳŷ˼䡣
Ǳû˵޵Ļȥء¡ô˵ţȴϲŮķС
ǡ
˸˵뿪ĵµһ֮װΪ˶Ǵļ֣ĸ׼뿪ʱ뵽˵Ǿ䡸ʱҡְˡ
һ˻ʹһϰվ͵ضеķˣеˣеϢҲΪʿάҲʩࡣ
ÿ߹ѹ˵
˻ӵͷ
֪ô龰
ɫ
ܻˣҽߵıȻǰһСˤϽȥ
СӣһӰСˣ̧ͷһſ׵ӣ΢ЦͷȻСӣСû¶ɣ
Сҡҡͷ
ӻͳһĵݸСӡ
Сӽӹлл
ЦЦߵƸǰ
Ʒֿʧؿ㣬˿㡣
˭ңʡ


193 ʤ
Ǹ׵ӡƵ
ͷһۡ
ӻ, ʣά, λҪ, 
ˡ
ʶ΢Ц
ûʲô, ׵ŵܵ, ߰ɡ̧ǰȥ
˸ϡ
߹ʲôְ
긱˻ӵ
Ƶͷûʵ游һֱر߽򸸶εУʴʿʼ, ϸ֮λӦݼٻؾû뵽飬ά򡣡
߹һ˧̾
˻ӵͷš
ƿǶкø, ʲûʲôرоӣҲû˵ʲô
ŵܵܣǿͷ
ǸȾ֮𣿡ʡ
ͷ
ƵǾͼɡ
һЩɫԾ񣬱ǰ, ûзʲô, ﻹЩģ̹̹˵֮󣬲ɾˮԴײ䲡, ߡ
֣ص, ¶ע⡣
л, ˡ
̲סʣɷ֪
˶٣ҽ

, , ǴκգҲþʣ˵ͷһ뿪
˻ʹ˵
ıȽϼʱϺʱûзʲô߻Ĳ֢
Ǻ¶
ȥ͸˵һ˵Ƶ
ҾͲȥˡ
⣬̫κ飬˽ȥ˵
ͷ̧뿪
һ߽ĵµӦ롢Ӷɫصվڵڡ
¡ڿӡ

¡۵ȵһȡ
վӦ˸ǰ
߹Сʣǣô
ӵǻ㱨
𣿡˻ӵʡ
áӵ
߹Ϊʲôɫôѿ
ߵá΢΢бͶɩɩȥݿ飬˵Ǳرأׯںûˣϰˣû취á
һ䣺صȵط鶼ͦء
߹һ¡
üͷ
˻Ӳ˵ˡ
ƿ¡еӣЩﶼǲõϢȻ¡üӺ
һ
ˣ顢ɶ޽¡뵽ʲô˵˼֡
ǡĵµ뿪
¡еˮͼ濴ţ񲻼ǵ˵ĴƵġ
Ҳû˵
ûһ˶ˡ
¡صλ
˶¡ۡ
ŮĿȣ¡ŷֶŮڣʱȵʱڵĹͶղңһֱٴηϸѿغɵλ⣬ӹܡ
ǻӹǳɳԽԽãԸǳеһЩΣԸӹһЩϣҲһʲôõҲ˵һ˵
Ӧ¡
˸¡
¡۱㿪ʼʹ˵ֺͰϰ֮¡
Ӧż뼸䡣
ȫš
ͷСеŵܵܣ𣿡
һáƵ
ҿ
߹Ͱ˻ӵͷ
˲Լ粻ܵãǸϽ񣬾۾¡ۺʹ˵¶
ⶼ˵ʲôʲô

ѽ
ǲʺϵĹˣֲܵӡ
ǵ˼ǲ֣¡ʡ
Ĭϡ
¡̾ϢһٴͼǰȻԸⲦ֣δ֣޶ûĹǴδ˴̰ۣδζаն
һƬ
¡۽ŵͲ˺ôκ˿˵κ˶࣬κ˶Ҳ˫ִģҲǿģԵĺȵõĶûˣĸǲܽջĸȻֻйԱ̰ۡռҺûа취𣿡
Ƕͷ˼
һֱ֪¡뵱ȻܶΪϸ񣬵¡һֱĵֿ£̲סʣи顣
¡̿ơ
˶ơ
һܵܣⲻǶϷҪ˵µܵĲʣЦ
ƳЦЦʾο
㻹ǵġ
ʣʲô̰١ַ䡢žǶСũ˾ְũҵ֮⣬Ҳˮ˽⣬Ľˮ
ˮ¡ʡ
⣬Ż˵һˮǶþŻһţ༰¶
Ӧƫͷ˼
Ӳ
˼ᶨơ
ƿ¡ԱߵͼʣӲͻһλȻˣˮ
¡۵һͼ
ƽŵ˵κһܹͨκϷĺݼκˡ
¡۵˿Ӧ롣
Ӧ
¡۵ƶ˵
ƵǸ󹤳̣Ҫܶɣǧ֮Уʼ£ʹͨϹ޾խضΣӾǡءݡ΢ɽһֱݡ
¡š
Ӧĳȡ
󳼻ûƵ˼
ƽŵʱҪйǿΪջ߰·ǮһԻ԰ԽתΪǮԴﵽˮĿġ
߹ĸԺĵͿջˣǿܾͲˮˡ
ûϵĸ¿޺񸽽Сˮʹţ´жͶԼˮ󹤳ҪʮɣżǵĿľǽˮͰ񡣡ƹ⽫˵ĺһЩ
¡ȴסˡ
Ҳˡ
Ӧؿơ
˶ˡ
ˮһһ̣Խ⣬תΪӣʡ˴κ֧˵Էֹֿ̰̰󻹿Իûݼκˮֱһĵ񣬲ܻߵ͸

̫˰
¡ʣƶôõĵӣ
İƵʺĻܽԼ룬ҿûôı¡ƾǽһ¶ʮһ͵Ļŵ㣬ĴκͶ÷չ
¡ۺӦһƵϸġ
¡ѹϲʣλΣ
ַһЩ
¡İãͽŻ
ʣƾܾ
ΪΣ¡۲ʡ
Ƶ¶кܶϸҪע⣬ۣҲԼȻĸ۵ġȷʵû취ϸڣǰ¶רҵʿȽϺá
¡Ц
Ӧ뿴ӣ˵ŵܵɰ
ӸϽʣҲʤΣ
¡ۿӵ޾ûΡ
ӣ
˵ͷЦ


194 
󳼵ͷ
¡΢˼һ, Ƶ˼ӣ˿߹Ͱ˻, 񽻸˹ɡӦ㡣
ɡӦ
¡۵Ż˼, һ𶯹, Ҫ, ּڽʳסáϸۣдӸޣԽԽá
Ӧǡ
ˣվ, ǻȥæɡ
ǡ
¡ۿƣƶ
ƻ¡ۡ
¡º͵ϺһȥȰš
ƻûлػӦȿˣʣˮ֮¶Ҿŵܵһ¡
ˣոսͷ۵֮£¡ܺ, ̲ס͵٩
Ӧҡ
¡ЦЦ֪ӦΪ֮£ȥɡ
лʡӦ˵ؿơ
ƸӦ˳ĵµ
Ӧŵܵܣͷһˡ
û⡣Ƶ
ӦֵҪüˡЩҲС顣
áֻҪǷϰյ, ԸһЩ
, һҽҲ԰æ
磬Ҳȥ̽, ˵һ˵ҵš߹
˻ӵҲԡ
һãʣҿʲôأ
Ӧһӡ
ӵҾҿǡ
Ӧ˻һ, Ҳֻܸˡ
Ƶ߰ɡ
ǰ, һ§ƵļͷǾŵܵá
Ƶǡ
߸һ𵽹, 򵥵سȲ, ҲǹͣȻһˮ¶
ӦˮĳΪ˰񡣡
Ƶ˵ͷ
ɵڴۡ
Ӧһԡ
һȰѺи̣صȻֽˮʳҩȷĽԮ
磬ҿ԰ھ֪Լûиܵθвǡ
߹ҿ԰æʳ
ҿԷ˻ӵ
Ƶڹе̣Դͷ֡
ӵҲԾ
ƵͲҪˡ
Ӵһ£СʱֵܽǮģľŵܵ˵룬ŵܵܳũ˾̫ҽԺÿİٺ»⣬иʵʹͺͶҵ룬ȷʵǳǮǿŵܵܵĿг˾
ƵȾ̻ҲžһЩ
͹ˣɹ⼸գʼˮĻͿԿԼ˫ֳԷˡӦ
ҩ﷽𡣡
Կԣҽߡ߹
˼˵ãҲ̤ҽѧ֮š
ҲܣĴ򡣡߹
ơӺͰ˻һҲһ
ĵЦˡ
Ӧ뿴ŵܵŽѰпģȻͰǸ󳼽ˮʳҩȷĽԮһЩϸ⡣
һӡ߹߻ӺͰ˻ӾҪż󳼺һоԮ
ӵʱͲϿˡ̲ݻǵ¡۵׼ʱȥ̫ѧϿΣҲѧϰ֪ܶʶ
ֺǺǵһ¡
߹Ƶܵܣæͻ㡣
Ƶͷãעⰲȫ
ˡ
ûһʮӹˡ
Ʋʣʮܵܣôˣ
ʮӻǺСʱһ࣬εСӣŸ磬Ƕ¶Ҳæ
ʣ㲻Ͽ𣿡
ҺͲʿˡ
ǣû顣
ʮһ°ˡ
ƸϽ͵˼ǣСҪʲô
ҿˡʮӵŸʱͺˡ
ܵܰŸİ겻İѽǴԽֱֲ˵ʮһϽӣһעС̫ģ룬ʣʶ˰ɣ
ʮӵͷţʶһЩ
Ƿһ¸ֽ߷˺ֽܶţ۵ʱ򣬼¼һЩ뷨͹۵㣬ûϵͳˮʳҩƷˮȵȶֿ
áʮ̿ˡ
ưѸֽƸʮӡ
ʮĽǿ֢רҵԿˡ
ƼӦ롢㡢ɵ˵һ˵¶ʵԴκӵ֮Ĳ̫˽⣬֪һЩںӵ֪ʶʱʱӦ뼸ṩһЩ˼·
Чǳá
Ӧ˻һһŵļƻͼӵΡʡλá̶ȵȵȸ濼ھһһרҵĹԱյ޸ĺڶһļƻ
ˣԽʹĿġӦ
ͷ
Ӧʣŵܵܣ㿴ʲôûпǵġƾǿԴϸٷϸڵˡ
ƶˮĲ̫˽⣬ӦǺרҵԱȷʵĶǷۺʵûз⡣
ӦǼٰѲһ飬֤ûд⣬֮С⣬Ҳֲ
á
һȺְѲһ飬ȷûʲô⣬ġ
磬磬ŵܵܡӡ߹߻ӺͰ˻ӻˡ
ӦʣǶźˡ
ԣˮˮ⣬˵ݺطҲġӵ
߻ӵھġ
Ӧ佱ӡ
Ӳ˼Ӻףͷϲõġ
߹Ͱ˻Ӽලʿҩʳӱ޵ȥһز鿴ضԾΪģֵġ
ŵܵܵĽͷľв̻ˡ
˻ӵʩء
ӦЦŵͷǸɵúܺá
˺ǵ⡣
ƳûʮܵҲúܺá
һתͷʮӡ
ʮֽˮʳҩƷˮȲݸ⣬ءȵеĶɵģֽǸɸɾذƵ˹
ӵ˾̾ʮܵܣ̫˰ɡ
ʮվƸǰȻ࣬ΪǵĿ佱۾˵Ӧõġ
Ӧöܺá
ȷʵ÷ǳã¡۵
Ƶһ
ɡ¡۵
Ƶһ¡ƨɺޡ
¡۲Ƶ˵Ŀˣͣ޸ոȥȰ·ʮһʮ
߹ֹһ䣺Ȼˡ
֣
ȷʵǡ֡
ʮһӺʮӺܹ׼ظ֪¡۵һ㣬¡۲ˣǾ͹Եĺܣо¡ãͷȻ¡ڻʹطתƣסŸ磬ʱһĵغŸ磡
Ƹ
¡۵ܵҡ
ʮһӵʣģҹԹԵġ
ʮӵҲϵҲϵġ
ʮһؿʮӡ
ʮʣ
ʮһӵʮܣ𣿡
ɶʮʡ
ʮһӵСȰȰȺҾ죬Сʱ
ʮ룬Ȼʮһӵ˼۾ʮһ磬度죬಻죡
ʮһ˲ƿԡ
ƺ¡۵˺ȻЦ
ʮһӰʮһۣȻ¡۵ʣǲҪЦɵ¶ȣ


195 
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ظʣѾдˡӦ
¡ֵ޿һ
Ӧӡ
¡λϿʼ
ӦԱߵš
Ÿ磡ʮһӺʮӼƸǰ
ָŵߣꡣ
ʮһӶ˼״š꡹һ͵͵ӡ
ҪС
ʮһӶ̵ͷ
ʮ߹Сʮһܣʮ, Ҷ
ΪΣʮһʡ
ʮӵкܶҪ飬Ū˾ʹ㡣
ûƨƨ߹ӻ
ͷⲻġ
û˻ӵ
ʮһӺʮȻƤ棬Ǵ֪֪أ˸ɫ֣, Ǻֵĵط
ҲҶʮһߵߣקƵѡ
ʮץƵұѵŸ磬ҺܹԵġ
һǡ߹
Ц
һЦ˵㻰, Ҷ
ʮһӶһͷ
Էġ
, ¡Ӧдӡ
ӦʣҪҪٺ˵һ¾Ĳ衣
˵һ¡¡ۺӡ
Ӧվͼǰ˵
¡ţż޸
Ӧ뼰ʱ޸֮, ʣ, Σ
¡ǴЦ⣺Ͱ졣
ּӦ
͹ɸ
ھȥæ, ɺ, ͡¡۵
ӦӦһ, 뿪ˡ
¡ۿƼˣڸǲסԺǼ⼸նɵķǳá
ʮһӺʮӸ˵ػλԴ
Σûķݶ¡۵
ʮһӶСһƺ¡˵Ļ
¡ʣ⼸ոʲôˣ
ʮһӶ룬ǺƽһسԺ棬һʵ˵ľиɺ¡
¶ûиɣȻò佱
ʮһӶ˶ʱ˼ˡ
¡ƼˣҪʲôͣ
ӵʣҲ𣿡
¡۵ͷС
Ȳ˵ҪһѺù
ã޸㡣¡ˬӦƼˣأ
Ƽһ

ɣƼͬ
¡ʱҲһֱԸƼ˳ǺΣգѾʶǹ򡢲ǺͷӦٶȣ⼸ӶԱһ¶ԣҪơ
Ƽڴؿ¡ۡ
¡ЦЦûг֮ǰÿ¿ɳΣʱҪޱ
Σ
ɳҲܺˣ
Ƽ˸Ͻл
һ´ˣϽʣҲҪˣҲҪÿ³εɣͳľͲ˰
ôУϷԣ¡ɫ
Ӷʱɥһ
ʮһӵ磬´಻ҪżҪʹͣȾŸ˵˵Ÿ޵дģ
ʮӸͣϵϵ
ƼЦ
¡ˣǵˣ¶ɡ
ǣæɡƵ
ʣҪעӴʮһͻȻ
¡ʮһӵԴ˵
ʣҲ˵ġʮӰС
ãҲ˵ȥɡ¡һЦкܶûͲٶˡ
͸ʡƵ˵
¡뿪ˡ
ƼҲӹ߳
߹˵ʹ͵¶
Ӵͷɥ
粻Ҫѹͷǳȥһ𡣡ưο
̧ͷƵ档
Ƶͷ棬пգһ𡣡
ʵǲһѧãһ
Ҵѧã˻صѧãǾһѧãʱһжӵ
͵ڴѧȻϴѧˣܵ߶꼶顭ƼԶԡ
ʣа
϶УƼһ
ô죿벻õİ취ˡ
ͷʱԼһƵ
ӵУôˣ
¶ôˣ˵˵ЦЦߵ˻
Ӻ߻ӻҪϰΣظԷˡ
߹˻ӡʮӡʮһӺʮһ𼷵ƵķԳԺȺϹ졣
ܵܣͲȥ𣿡߹ʡ
ţźˣԱʿȥˡƵ
Ҳȥ𣿡߹ʡ
ʱȥˣ⼸ռһЩ֢Ҫȥ̫ҽԺѧϰѧϰ
򸱽Ҫˡ˻ͻȻ
ʣôˣ⼸ûгԲ֪Ǳߵ
߹ʶá
ӦǶ˼ȫ̻㣬±˺㡣˻ӵ
ϽͣǱϹ˵ǶΪ񡣡
رõģˮʳġ߹
˻ӵͷ
˵꿴߹ã㻹˵أƽү׷ܣô˵
ƽү
ӡǸ信ʰЦ꣬߹һڸ̫ѧͻȥ̫ѧҲͺ˵仰ʣͽô¶
дˡ
ô֪ʡ
֪Ⱳǲ˵ģ߹ûǷ˼յҲһ¶
˻Ӳʣ߽㣬ΪʲôԸˣ
ʲôõģڶڣ߹һģݺݵҧһС
ҾƽͦõģϲˣԸˡ˻ӵ
ҪСǰ˵Щ顣߹
˿ߵʮˡ
ʮӵҶ
ʮһӵ汿Ƕϱ
ʮӾת߹߽ϱ
ʮһӲ䣺ţҲϱ
ʮĬʮһӲϹŵĽţƣȻ߽ҵĲϱ
ϵʲôܵÿ𣿡ʮһӶһʡ
ۿʮһӺʮҪƫƸϽתƻ⣬ıģ߸һȻһغš
»صڿԶˣɵϣ뵽֮¶ɵţ̤ʵܶ࣬ž뵽߹òƸ鶼ͷӡ
Ȼð񴿡ٱģٿһ͹˽˼䣬һԷֱֱ߽鷿硣
鰸ǰ̧
Ƶ磬ղֿˡ
һЦдһ֣дưȰȡ
鰸Եϣֱʣ磬𣿡
ձһ٣һ־Ͳˡ


196 һ
һپʮһ٣
ôˣס, ʡ
ƣôͻȻ
Ƶ׷߽㡣
ɻʣ˭
ꡣ
û˵ҲûʲôȤ׷ʣǺʲôϵ
תŵҾǾ, , ÿ˶ˡ
˳ʣ𣿡
аƵ
һ, Ȳʣ˭
硣Ʋ˼ػش
ĻȻ, һ˲·ڴůһ԰һ㣬ܽã뵽ʲôʣΪҳúÿ
Ƶͷ԰
˲ں˵˵, һɲǼлĪطƣëʵÿˣȥˡ
ҼÿѽƵ
һҲûеõ佱ϲãԺÿġ
ƵӦòˡ
Ҳ˵Ӧá
ͣһ, һϱӼԱĶûǰÿ
ûȵ˵ﲻûС
ƻʣûʲô
ûˡǶƵĿǡ
ˣʣ, 鲻á
Ƶһ㡣
ʲôˣ
ףûʲô, ģ
ƵǣҪǺ˵˵顣
˵ɡͷʰ鰸
˵õ顣
ͦõġ
Ҳôã, ȥˡ
ͷ
鰸ɾ, ʣ㻹Ҫд𣿡
ʣҪʲô

ѵõؾܾơ
ʣиҪҪ
û, С
Ǿ
񴲻
ǰĸ첲, 
ֲƵĥ, ľƵԺ
ĺ죬ʣ磬ҽ˰ɣ
ͷЪɡ
ָָӵݶЪ
ʣҪұ㣿
ǰ
񴱧Ʒݶ
īƵǿûǷǵ㡣
һûһš
ƸоʱˣҪȥˡ
ȥ̫ѧ𣿡ʡ
ȥˡƴݶԾ¡
ûһҲԾ£ƺ棬ƽ˻˵ƣŻصԷ
߽鷿Ȼ뵽˵Ǿ䡸Ҽÿġת߽ԷеԼ
ȷʵͦÿġ
һֱܺÿǲĿԳΪСƭӵˡ뷨ðԼһϽת߽鷿һľͬʱҲڿ顣
ǡκ־ǽܴκĵεò˽һЩκ˵Ժõ
ſž˯ˡ
հʱ̫ѧ֮󣬾͵ŵʱơ߹Ͱ˻һ̫ѧʳߡ
߹߹һ
ĸȥոո۹ƽ⡣
ƽӹˡ
߹ü
߹ƵȻ߹˵նæҲȥˡ
߹תͷʣȥʲô
Ϊ߹˹￪ĵĲˣͿʵģ͸Ҳȥæ췿֮ġ
߹ȤȱȱءŶһ
⻹˵ʲô߹ֱƵĸ첲ܵܣ߿㣬ȻҪŶˡ
áֻøߡ
㣬˵ܵܣ߰߹
Ͱ˻ӿһۣϡ
Цû䣬׷߹߹ȵҡ
ˡ߹ֹһǰܡ
׷߹
߹ܵø졣
׷ĸ졣
Ͱ˻Զԡ
̫ѧʳúһСӡ
ֻԱߵǰ
߹ֹһ䣺ˡ
ãҲûа㰡
׷ҡ߹˵˵
Ҳͽ׷˰ɡʡ
ͷ
˻ӵǰǰû׷Ҳдѡ
߹һƵģˡ
Ž֮ĸ˴ʳó
Ͻϡ
߹ſƣͷߵǰʣڸ˭
⿪ĵ㡣
Ҳ߹ֱ˵˵
Ҳ㡣
ҲС
ⲻ˵
ȻҶ㲻߹תǰߡ
ǰߵ߹
߹ͷ͸һɨȡ
һûվȣ项һˤڵء
Ŀɿڴ
ѧҲ߹ˡ
߹װͰ͵˵˵ٸңͶ㲻
һַһָ߹ͷСҶ
߹תͷһƬҶʱθƬҶǴˡ
ǹ˻ϴ⣬ûκ˵͹ͷҲκ˵ͷժͷҶξǸѵ
á
߹תͷ˵ܵܣߡ
δ
߹ͷܵܣ㣬˵ܵܣ߰
Ÿ߹صѧ
ãղǲе֣
˻ӵǺѡ
ҲǺңһ߹
ЦϾܾǶԵġ
߹һ§סƵҵܵá
Ͱ˻ӶЦˡ
Ҫȥ̫ҽԺ˵ˣˡ
á˵ͷ
ҩ뿪
˽ϿΡ
Ⱔһˤû׷߹ʱʱ֣δζǿЦݡ
߹ǲΪ
ơͰ˻Ҳò֡
ҸŸԵ飬֮˵ÿճһΣ˿
ò˵κִǿԵģѾʱķݣеˮɻеڼиɻеʼأ׼һֲ
һжɵؽš
ػصʹ
ڳߵ·ϣòĺ
硣߹
ˣǰһ
磬˵Щȥؾˣ
ţҺҵһ𵽽ݾ֡
˵ǱҲתˡƵ
ûƣСƶþòû
ûСֱӵ
ؿڵˣ
ҪܣҴϴ㣡洫ʮһӵ
Ƽȴʮӳܣʮһӡ
СʮСվסʮһӴ
ʮƴǰܣСֶ̣ٶȻá
ʮһӺܿ׷ץסʮӵ졣
ʮ໴ţҲϵģҲϵġ
ʮһӰǵʮӵĿӣźںֵСƨƨžž£ƤƤ
ںֵСƨƨΡΡ͸Σʮĵظоʹͷ۵һӿˡ


197 
˸Ͻǰ, һʣô¶
ʮһӻ
ʮһѱסƵȣĵؿ޵Ÿ磬ʮһƨƨ
Ϊʲô㣿ʡ
ʮصؿš
ʮһȽ͵Ÿ, Żš
Ʊ߸ʮ, ʣΪλغţ
ĸ˵, ¹, Ҿͻʮһʵʵ˵
ǰԣƽʣȻأ
Ȼ˯֮ȥ̫ѧʮңҲ, ҲȻȻҾͳٵʿҳ飡ʮһ߼ˡ
Ȼʹʮһˣ
ʮһӼϵȻȻҾͳ飬ʮ, ̨ҳ鶼ҳþõģ
Եͷʮӡ
ʮʮһ˵ʱ, Ѿֹͣ, ſƵϣգ۾գ, Ҳϵ, ҶǸ, 㻹ƨƨ
Ǹ, ɱ˾ͲʮһĶŽš
ʮӼ״ֱƵȿ, Ÿ磬Ҳϵ⣬ϵ⣬ء
úúãŸ֪ˡ
ء
ʮһӵ㿴ʮܶǸˣְˣΪ磬Ϳԭʮܰɡ
Ժ󣬲ٴ̨ʮһӵ
ʮ۵תͷҲ
ʮһ룬ðȣԭ
šʮӵͷ
ʮһŭת֪ĸ磬ͲҪκεйɣߵʮӸǰʮӲᣬʮ
ţҲʮӱ˵ҲҴȥҲҴҡ
ʮһӹĵʣʮһƨƨ۲
ۡʮӵͷžžģƨƨƨƨƨƨ桢
Ե㣬ʮһͲ
áʮӵ
ʮһֵ֡
š
׺ֺͺˡ
Сӡ
ֵġ
˻ӽŵʮܵܶǡ
Ц
߹һʮܡ
ʮӿ߹߽㡣
ԭƨƨҲǺڵѽ߹Ц
ʮӵҲϵڣ
ϵ߹ģʮӵ
ʮ֣ص˵಻ϵڣϵף
Ƽ˺ȻЦ
ʮӴϵףϵڣ
ʮĸǵƤƫڣһںǶصĴڣҲ¡۵ӣҲúһûʲôõġ
ʱҲаݣƫڵʮӣܸˣʮ˵ڡסںͲ׶Ǻÿġ
ʮ˼īˮǺڣǲס
ʮӵ֣ЦŵǣʮܲǺڣǲף׵ʮܺÿĺţ
ʮӿĵصͷ
ʮһɿʮӵС֣ܵƵһߣֵŸ磬Ҳ֡
ֻһʮһӣһʮӡ
߹εҡͷ
Ƶ߰ɡ
ߡ
ƵСӣ㲻ǸմӺ󹬳𣿡
԰̫ƣӦ룬žǺԺ²ǻݣҲǿԽ󹬸̫밲ġ
ոպǴӴȰųƻˣȥһ飬ͻȻմȰкóԵģȥԳԿ
ʮһתͷôô̰أ
ƵͷЦ
˼˵̰ԣ
Ϊʲô˵
̰̰˯̰棬ʲôʸ˵ң
ʮһӵ̰̰˯̰棬ϵкöĸѽ𣿡
ҡһᡣ
Ҵ̣Ửѩϵ̫ӣ硭ھϴῴ߸飬߽Ṧ򣬰˸ṦҲ飬ҾŸ度޵Унô度𣿡ʮһʡ
ʮӵľС
Сһ̫ˣ
Ц
ʮһӺʮһ١
ʮһӺʮСȰȰȡ
ʮһӺʮƨƨϴһơ
ʮһӸ״Ÿ磬ƨƨ
Ҳ
ãʮһӺʮȥ
ƾܡ
ƺҸʲô
һܰ
һܣ
߸׷ŵ˴Ȱ
һڴȰֺǺǵţظס
Ƶ˻飬ҹţûһ͹ˡ
һ죬Իȥ˯
հʱȥ̫ѧѧϰ֪ʶͬʱԽԽȣת֮䵽ջļڡ
Ȼֵطֺ֣ˮĽ飬ľʹյ֮ʳκطһ͡
¡ʮֿģʼ۹ͣǽ˴󳼣Ȼͻӹ
ӦѾ̫ˣʹˣ¡۷ֳɫΪһֱΪԤ߲ҽεΪð
ʸˣǰԤˡŸƣ̫ûӺ͹һ͵óס᲻á
¡ҲͿͷ˵һ£ûа䷢ּƣƼסڻʹ
ӡ߻ӡ߹ȵ֮ĻӹȻйͣʱԵõţ͸һʹͣǻͺһƬ֡
¡ۼæȥ
ڻġ
߹ĵܵǽ
˻ӵҪǾŵܵʽͺˡ
Ϊʲôʡ
ŵܵסڹ⣬ǿ͵͵ȥסŵܸܵϡ˻Ӿùܺ档
ð߹
ֲܳסһ£ڳ֮󣬲סһҪ̫ҽԺѧҽʱǿŵġ
ȥĳ߹
˻ӵ磿ôصݵ֣ȥס
߹ҡͷҾͶĸãڣ˵ܵŬŬշǿȥˣ
˻ӵ߽¸¼ˣ¸¾ͿȥĹûд͵ĹޣʵۻһƾͱȲĴ
߹鱾˻ͷһµ˵˶ٴΣҲˣ´˵Һúýѵ㣡
˻Դ߽ס
˭˵˵ġƵ
ǣҵܾܵͲ˵߽㽾
һɫˣˣȥȰĸɡ
ߡ
ĸ˵Ȱš
̫΢Ц˵Ϣ
ʲôϢ߹ʡ
ĸҪˡ̫
ĻӺȥ¹ѧϰǻΣƸպ¶ûмĻӡ
ѧϰ˺ܶණúûرκ̫
ʲôʱ򵽹߹ʡ
հɡ̫Ǻףһ㡣
á˴Ӧ
ʮһӺʮӵҲá
ˣ磬ƶ˯𣿡
ȥһ򣬱һȥ˯
Уû¶ٹ
á
Ÿ磬ҲȥʮһӺʮӵ
˻СƶߵǼ򡣡
Ƶͷ߰ɡ
һ뿪Ȱ߳ߡ
Ÿո̤ż㿴İվԺдܡ
˲һ١
ʮСʮһ磬Ǻһ֡
İ֡
İ꿴ͬʱ֡


198 ĸ
˿İĳ, һӢһüĿ㣬ͦÿ
˭߹ʡ
ʶҡҡͷ
ƴСǴż䳤, ȷʵԼûмǰ, û
ʮһӺʮһҲľм
ĸ硣˻ӵ
ĸ磿һ𿴰˻ӡ
Ҳµġ˻ҲСʱĻ, ̫ȷ
߹, ʰ˻ӣĸĸ磿
ӦǸӸߵġ˻ӵ
˳Ű˻ӵĿ⣬Ӣ꣬¡۵Ӱӣʮһ̴ĸ磡

ʮһӻͷĸո˵, ĸҪ顣
˻С²һ䣺ʱˡ
ô֪ĸˣʡ
񸸻ѽĸ磡ʮһӳĻǰϵĸȣ
ǡĻɻʣǣ
Ļӣ
˳Ļȥ
ϵʮһӣСʮһʮһӿĵ
ʮӸŵϵСʮ
ǰһĸ磬
߹䡣߹
ǰ˻͡˻ӵ
ƵǾŻơ
Ļ, ĸȥ¡۽ָӹĲҲ
ɳ֮мʶ˶˲⣬, Ƣ, ӵţ̫ӣһ˶ҵ, ӻС, ӳǲ顭ʹ֧ӡ
ܲϲĻʹ, ǡκʹ½, ӹȥѧϰ
Ĺһȥ¹
ĹһӵŮб, ϵһ㣬ûãĹشκס
һڴ¹Ҳûʹ˺¶ȴԼһжԴκҪЧκǾ̿ѧϰһܶꡣ
ͻȻһ˵ŻƵ֣߹˻ӡӡ߻ӡӡĵءͲˡҩȣȥһжôá
ݵػΣϧûпƵˡ
û뵽ջصͿƼˣһɫϣѺãһлӹӣһʱ֮䲻֪Ӧˡ
ĸ磡ô˵ѽʮһʡ
Ļӻ
ʮһֵϵϵ˵ʲôѽ
ʮӵ˵˵֡
ʮܣո˵ϵĸ硣ʮһӵ
ϵľ˵Ѽ
ʮһʮҪĸǰ񡣡
ʮһӺʮŲ˵
Ļӿˣ֣صҽܵãã˵ܵܣŵܵܣʮһܣʮܣĻ͢һֱڴ¹ѧûϳǣʧˡ
ʧʧġʮһӰֵ
ʮСƵĵͷ
ƿĻӵĸǸյ𣿡
ţӸǶչĻӵ
ʣҪסˣĿǰĻӻûκηţ˵Ҫסڻġ
Ļӵͷԡ
סĸԺ
Ļָǰ䷿ӣסĶ档
ĸ磬гԵ𣿡ʮһʡ
ʮʣб϶֪ˣǸո̫˵ôһ䣬ѧˡ
Ƶ̺ӱ죬ûùģһ㡣ȻĻǻӣѰչذѷʰ׵Ļģ
Ƕĸ͵ĵġ˻ӵ
ӿڴͳһҩƿݵĻǰĸ磬ڴ¹ô꣬ͻȻ˵ˮҩ԰Ӧһ¡
߹ĸ磬ҿһ̳ƣҵľƶڵܵ
ʮһӵ棬һöණ
ҲϵҲϵʮӵ
˵ղŵӭӴĻӶԻʹӡôʱ˿̵ĹľǴĻӵߡ
Ĳ֪Ļʹ֮УôһȺѰϵĵܵá
Ȼ뵽ܶ˵ŻǴκĸǣ˴κʹһֱϡ
Ǿŵܵܵá
תͷŵܵƣով;ƳྪޣʱϸӾޣپ£峺ָ߹󣬷·͵һĶǡô˲̾гÿꡣ
Ʋ֪Ļʲôĸ磬¾͸ñ̺ȥ
Ļе㷴Ӧ
ʮһӵĸľ˵ϵõ˼ߡ
˵ƺͰ˻ӵķﱧ˱졢̺ӡơĵȣĻӵķӣǵǶԵģȷʵǳ򵥡
Щպʹá߹
ͷ
ʮһ˵ѽ̫
ʮӵͷ
˺̺֮ܿķŵĻӵķӡ
֪ĻӸոջҪϢƱϢɣǲˡ
˵ͷ
Ļӵˡ
ġ
˴ĻסƵķһȻ򵽻ϰ
ơ߹Ͱ˻Ӷйģûô򣬿Խߣִ򣬿ʹùߣͷǰëƹļȫˡ
ƺһӣ߹Ͱ˻һӡ
ĸ˰ߵҷɡ
ʮһӺʮӸ
ʮһܣܿ񰡣߹
ߣʮܣ͵ء
˻ӵʮһܣԺٳԵ㣬ܲˡ
ʮܣСһ㰡Ƶ
ĸĺ졣
һֱڼʮһӺʮ۵ſڵϡ
Ƶߣȥ
߲ʮһһѱסƵȣŸ磬㱧Ұɣ߲ҡ
߹㶼ˣñ
þãŸ硣ʮһӱƵȲɣҵȶһ߲
Ҳ֪ʮһӺʮӽռ˺ܶ򣬾Ͱʮһӱ
˻ӱʮӡ
޸˵ҡͷԡ
صĻӵķŻǹŵģ߽Ƶķһߺˮһ߳ԵģʮһӺؿ棬ĸ绹˯ѽ
Ӵʮӵ
˻ۣԼһë˵֡
ʮ˻ӵķ̣ŵ
ʮһӺȻһ
߹Сʮһһһէģʲôѽ
߽㣬ĸԱߵСϵ˭ѽǶءʮһγһ㡣
ֻӭĻӣĻüĿˡ
ǹˣ߹²⡣
ȿڲ裬̫񣬹ʾͱȲġ
ԡ˻ӵоǸݲ͡
Ƶͷš
߹Ү
ʵκвٹϵܺõӻ֣ĻӺǸ֣˻Ӿζ̫ԡ
֣ܵ߹ֱԵϵ϶һ㡣
֪ĸʲôˡ˵
ˡĻӵ

վſڵĻӣֵĸˡ
ơ߹Ͱ˻Ӷסˡ
ʮСʣʮһ磬ϵʲô˼
汿졣ʮһһƳһʮӣȻִյʮӸǰĵؽͣ˾ϵˣˣǸ˵˼𣿡
ʮСʣĸˣ


199 
ǸѽʮһСָĻߵꡣ
, ϵǸѼʮһȻӡ
ԡʮһӵͷ
ʮҲͷ
Ŵķ˼ȴذѡˡ껭ϵȺˣΪԼȷޱ, ȻֺǺǵؿĸ
ֱֱؿĻӺ, κһ, Ҳʲôϡ, ֻûϵĻֱ˵رϵ
ʣǡһˣ
Ļӵͷš
߹ʣˣ
ˡĻӵ
˻ʣ֪𣿡
׼˵ĻӱƼ˵ģܵƼ˵ϣԸƼ̹
Ǵ¹ˣʡ
Ļꡣ
꿴ˣһ¹ǡ
˸ոմ֮, 񣬲ԼһֱǰϽ
ܵǺãҽھǴ¹, һ̫ѧĸ硣
ھ˵ºͣź˰Ҫٴҽһ, ھ˵ֶղҽܵʱ, Ѿסˡ
˼ղעĸϣ㡣
ھЦûϵ, ׵ġ
ôѽʮһɷµ˵
ھһ, ֿɰʮһ, һЦˡ
ĻӺƵ˸Цˡ
һЦƺ˱˴֮ľ롣
Ƶĸ, , 
ھŵܵܣھˡ
ھ硣ƾüһ硹֣òһЩ
ھЦЦҲ֪ΪʲôǾǰľŵܵ˼ʣΪŵܵ˾޵á
һɡƵ
ĻӺھûпǰ
ơ߹Ͱ˻Ӹ¡
˰ԲˣʮһӺʮûˡ
ʮһӵǳɳһ㣬ʱ֪ǣûд˵ĵŸ磬ľеط
ʮӸСҲľС
ְʮһԼ§š
˻Ӱʮӱϡ
ʮһŸ磬㿴˸綼ʮҲϡ
ұ㡣Ƶ
ʮһرСرСʣϵϵѽ˵ԼأŸҲ˵˲˵ȻҪġ
ί˵һء
ʮһҲžŸ磬Ҿվڽȡ
ʮһƿ佱
ʮһӾϲŸĿ佱Ĳˣӹˡ
Ҳˡ
ĻӰƺʮһӵĻУûһĵУֵ֮һӿһɹɵůĿҲºͺܶࡣ
ĸ磬ھ磬ǺȲ衣΢΢衣
ˡĻӽӹ룬תƸھ
ھЦЦܣлá
Ƽ˷ĻӶھܺá
߹̲סʣĸ磬ôʶģ
Ļӽӹһ룬һڣ˵ھĸ£ʵһڴ¹ѧϰʱ򣬺ھһѧϰ
ûע⵽ھֱһΧʱھܲһͷܵĽ֪ھôһˣȻչ˵ھ
֮˳Ϊѣһѧϰһ÷һԲ֮ҹĻӱй¶ǡھҲһˣ죬ԽԽͶĵͺ˲پƣ˲顣
һʱ֮˱˴˵˼Ȼһ𣬲ھĸķԣ˲ѷֿ
ĻӹĲãھҲսݡ
ĻӵھȡھһȻһøĸͬ⣬һ𣬵ĿǰѾˡ
Ļӵ
ھͷ
ʮһӺʮ󶮣һգº۾Ǿ˵ĪĻ
ۡ߹
˻ӵͷ񿴻һ
һͺˡ
ھбһء
ĻھֵҾˡ
ھЦŵͷ
ûзĻӵĶȴǸо˵Ķ֪ΪʲôðģϽĸ磬ҪҪȥĸ
Ļӵţȥ밲ģǻĸ˯ʱ֪ʱĸûУ
ƿһ۴̨ϵļӱĸѾˡ
ȥĸ밲Ļӿھһţ鶨֮ٴȥĸǡ
áھͷ
Ƶĸ磬ģھ档
лĻˡ
ھš
ûȥ¹Դ¹ֶĲˣȿֺѯʴ¹
ھһһ֪
Ľζ
һֱĻӻھĻȥ˶档
һһʮһӺʮû˯񲻵Ƶģҡڣˤˡ
ƸϽס
ãǴǻغ󹬰ɡ
߹ͷʮһӾߡ
ʮһһˣȻַߺҪ߹
߹קʮһߣ㣬㡣
Եɵɵʮӡ
ĸʮһӵĺ뿪
˻ӵŵܵܣҲϢһ°ɡ
ƵͷҲЩˣɵȴ˯⣬ĶĻӺھ֮飬Ż߳˷Է
Ժ񣺡Żˡ
ͽ˰ɽҲӭӡ
Ƶʦڰ
ǰղæɽ߹Ƶļͷͽܾǿֿˡ
ЦΪһʦ
ɽЦ
Цʣأ
Ȼǿдˡɽ²۵˿дֺҲûбϲˡ
ȷʵǣ̫ѧѧӻкȻƶģʹûЩȺãȥ
㲻ѽɽʡ
һ㡣
á
߽鷿
ؾƵĽŲͷҲ̧ˡ
šӦһ
æˣ
СԱߵĵϣȻûͷһſ鰸Ͽ񴡣
תͷʣҸʲô
ÿ
㿴ɡ
šƼ񴿴߰һЩ飬žͳʢ֮Уôôÿء

𣿡
ԣɡ˵꣬д֣һһЩƮиһһһõӣһֻŻӡ
ûӦ
Żӡ
ƻûӦ
׿ȥſ鰸˯ˣε̾Ϣһ̫ѧ˶˵ŻӼʱ˯ŵˣ
ûٺƣСʱƱŵԱߵϣϱ
ʱ򣬿ƹɵ˯գ̲סͣ
أͷƣǰСǣܹĿ⡣
ƲסָƵӣ޳ָ䵽Ƶ촽ϡ
ӡ߹һ̶ס
Ѹջ֣ʲô飿
ǡǸӶ鿴ŻӵĻ棬һʱ䲻֪ԼҪ˵ʲôˡ
Ǹʲôһʲôûӡ


200 
Ǹ, ǸɽһʣŻ𣿳ԵĻŻӰԵĿ⴮ԻƬ֮, 뵽ԼĿˡ
ԡȷ
, Һɽ˵ֵ
ͷš
ת, һûע, ײſˣϽ򣬼ߡ
ͻȻڵ֡
ֻͷӡ
ղʲôûп
㶣, Сʲôûп
ͷ
߳鷿֪ӵ˼ǲ˵Ȼǲ˵Ʋסԣȫ繵ģ, Ӻ񡢺ϲŻӡ
֣ɽһ
һ
ɽŶʣʲô
ֿɽ𣿡
ɽ˵Ӻ˰ٱˡ
ʲô¶ʡ
ô¶һͽڲ÷𣿡ɽʡ
ֺȻˣ˵÷
, , һȥ׼ɽСȥԺ
ָȥˡ
һŪ⴮ǰԺ̵ıͷ⴮ζ, , ˴, ζ, ׿鰸
ˡ
Ƶ㰡
ûŵơ
ǿ㡣Ƶ
⿴һ, ɽͶ⡣
񴡢ɽͶĿⶼóԣϲ
ʣԣ
ûгԹ¥ƿˣԣ𣿡
˵أʡ
Ӧ˵Զˡ
ǳǳһЦ·յɽ֮ϵĻѩһ͸ܿɹů⡣
ƺȻӡ֤ԼĳЩһЦʣʲôʱԳԣ
е飺ˣ
Ƶͷš
ߣǳȥ
ƿ´ٿԼſ鰸˯ŵģȴϵġ
ߡ
ƴѥӡ
һȥ
ֺɽѾ⴮
ʦƺ
ɽתͷѽŻˣҪء
ӵ㣬ʦôһ־ͺɨһƬ
ɽĵ
ĸ첲̿¯ǰ
һɽһ⴮ݸ
˹ݸһ
һʡ
ٸ㡣
áҧһڡ
ʣô
ƵͷóԣҲ
Ҳԡ
ƽ
һƸƣһ˳˳
ƽӹ
ָ߲˴ƬĢһ㡣
Ƶͷˡ
ĸһһسš
ܿͳԱ㡣
ƿ˿ܵ磬ʦ֣춼ˣҪȥˡ
㡣
ãҶôˡ˵žˡ
񴻹ĸƺ󣬿ƽŻ
ɽϰΪ
ǶȴòһˣǰҲ޾ϸչ˾ŻӣŻӴЬӡѡι֮ģĿ졣
ڸǲס顣
ȷϲŻӣǺϲϲ֡
ӿһϲáϲˡ
ͻȻɻϲϲ
뵽ŻӵģǺÿҲ粻һǸرˣ;ŻʶôãûвйŻӵ˼
ȫ֪ŻӶǸʲô˼
һӵĸĸݵ۰һ£ȻˣǲǾ˺أ߾ŻҲϲӣǶӣ¥ƹ϶ͬһġǺö顣
һʱ֮Ҳ
ȴԼ˼·Ūˣؽ˻Ļ˵ƣǰš
˭Ļʡ
ĸ磬ңŻӡƵ
Ŵ򿪣ھ֡
Цţھ磬ǰɣ
ţ鼮أھ
߽ȥʣ𣿡
ˡĻӺھһ
ٳһĿرÿҴЩǵҹƽ⴮ھ
лŵܵܡھ
ǰһոµ鼮
Ļӽ͵ҳڴ¹ѧϰ¹֪ʶԴκЩ裬ٽٳ֮ǰȵ̫ѧѧһʱա
ҲҪ̫ѧĸѧãƾϲʡ
Һھ֪ʶӣᣬֱȥٴѧáĻӵ
ھĻӸǰͷš
ǰҸ綼ڰٴѧãҸڳڶרŵĲʿҪٽ̫ѧǻڰٴѧãҺܺõѵ񴣬ǿԺ档Ļӽܡ
ĻжЦ㻹۸ң
ЦЦ
Ļӵ̫ѧﻹǴκѧӸһЩõġ
ƵǴǵ̫ѧʳţĴκҵĿģǳԣӡ
ĻӺھЦá
ƽ˽һЩ̫ѧ飬ҹʱƻصԼķԡ֮ڴϣĻھ˺һѧͦõģͷһĶ
Ͱ˻ӵһ̫ѧϣ߹Ŷӵö
˻ӵһѧǿȥԶ
Ʋ߹Ͱ˻Ӱȥȥٴѧһˡ
ȥǶʲô˻ʡ
ʵĸǵһս̫ѧöණҴȥʳ÷ȥ
߹Ͱ˻ӵǺһ𡣡
ôˣһȥǡ
á
䲩ʿһ˵ѧ߹Ͱ˻ӳ̫ѧʳá
ƿܵٴѧãٴѧõĲʿãȫûԾԵ˵˵ģֻվԱߵţǡòʿʣλѧʲô
ҸǳԷ
ѧˣʿʡ
Ƶͷǰ
ʿγһ㣺ãѧ˵
ꤵİٴѧѧָлƣȻʳá
߹ʣСƶҵ𣿡
Ƶǣĸ硣
һ𣬽ͬӲߡ
Ҳܺһĸ첲磬һԷѽ
붼شӦá
ĸھһ𡣡
ղĻӺھʱʿѾ˶ݣ֪˵˭á
վſڿһѧ߹Ȼ󿴵ĻӺھƴĸ磬ھ硣
ĻӺھ
ƽʶ񴡣
ĸһ̫ѧʳá
вʿõĸ̫ѧʳѧǺܶ࣬˵˺һŴ򵽷ˣȻֿš
ܵܣôǶԹˡ߹
¶ˣǳԺ˾߰ɡƵ
߹˻Ӻк뿪
ƺͷš
ûһѧ÷׷뿪
ʳýûжˡ
Ƶûˡ
վͷ
̧ԶԷĻӺھָͷ˵ͷ
񴴹ƸɾָȻ̧Ƶ˾޵ϡ
Ƶ㿴ĸھ硣
תͷȥĻӼеһھ
ʣ磬ʲô룿
һơ
ƿŵһ˵飬Ȼ̧ͷ񴣬ʣʲô


201 ܳԶ
ԡ
ƲʣΪʲôҪԣ
񴷴ʣ㲻ҿĻӺ𣿡
Ƶͷǰ, 㿴ʲô
ĻӸӼ⡣ûлӦʣȻҿʲô
񴣬˳ǣҾ⡣
̲ס۲ĻӺھһ, ĻӺھԵͷԷ, ûκΪ, Ҳûпκβͬ, ΪƾǰҪ⡣
ֻͷ⡣
Ҳͷ÷
ܿأƺ÷΢˵ȡ
ĻӺھ߹
ʣĸ, ھ磬ǳԵϰ𣿡
Ļӵҿ϶Եϰߡ
ۺܺóԡھ
ĻӳĴָŵܵܣ
ЦȻ
񴿴һƣ𵭵Ц⡣
Ƶǻȥɡ
˵ͷ
ʳã񴵽Ϣ
ƴĻӺھȥ, Ҳʼ˯뵽ĻӺھϣֻ⣬Ҳ̲סЦ, а, һ̽뷨ɡ
ûлᡣ
ĻӺھڻ֮⣬طǹؾأȫһ, ȻĻӾͽ˱ʼо֮, 󲿷ֶھһ̫ѧϿΡ
ĸװ߹̾
šھͷһֱԿ׸Ȥ
˻ӵȷʵҪõĿס
Ƶͷ
߹гԵ, , б, п׵ĻԺͲ±ߵĹˡ
û˻ӵ
ǵĹҰҴǣ߹ȭ
ھЦ
߹ʣھ磬Цʲô
ھЦɰ
߹ҲǿɰӢ
һӢġ
˻ӽӻҲһѡ
ԺԽԽġ߹ŵ
ھͷ
ھھ磬гĲĻڱæµûа취ھھزĹµ鷳ھͰھеһȾ塣
Ȥھľ⼸ܵůֿɰ
ǾͺáƷġ
߹ھĸʲôʱ
֪ھҡͷ
ʲôʱ͸˵ǵĹϵ߹
߹⻰еðˡ
ھȴûʲôֱԵĸ˵ѿ׺ͱԺٺͱ˵
Ҳԣʱ򸸻ʸˣ̴Ӧĸˡ˻ӵ
ھЩɬصͷ
ǿ׺ͱȴôģһյعȥˣĻӻæµš
ơ߹Ͱ˻Ҫȥһǿ׺ͱǹһܣȥ¡ʾ
뿴һ׺ͱ¡ʡ
˵ͷ
뵱̽ӣ¡۹ʡ
߹Ҫ̽ӣҲǵʵ̽ӡ
¡Ц
Ƶǹȥ˵԰æ
¡ʣܰʲô
˵ͰæˣƵ
¡ۿһƣ˿϶ﲻæ뷨ص˵ܰæˣǼʶҲǺõģǵ޴ȥ
һʣģ
Ϸԡ¡۵
ãƵ
߹ȫõĵ
˻ӵġ
Ӣġ
ӢģƵ
һĲʺƨ¡ٺһףߡ
¡۴ߡ
˱ıϡ
ûһ͵˱һܵķһͬʽĿ׺ͱ
ĻӺͱɵϸڵĴ
¡ۿʣʿ𣿡
ĻӺͱʷ¡ۺ
ɡ¡۵
Ļӻشո¡۵ĻʣѾʿˣҶԴˡ
Σ¡۵
Ļӿڣʷȵر£ĻĿͲʷõ˴ȵߣĻӻ
¡ۿĻʣﲻ
Ļӵĸá
ǾĸһЩ¡۹սʿȱ׺ͱ
Ļӵǡ
¡תƣƶȥɡ
ҲûпΧƿ׺ͱ鿴ʱֻ֪׺ͱӣ治֪ƣһ̾Ļӵ
¡۹ʵƶܰʲôæ
Ʋ˵
¡ЦﲻϰɣûϵûнӴ
ʣʣܳԶð
ʲô¡۲ʡ
׺ͱܳԶãʡ
¡ۿĻӡ
ԣôһʣĻӴԡ䡹һ£ԼĵطĶڿ׺ͱԳԶá
ǵġ
׺ͱԳԡ
ֻҪս̵ģ֪Σأ·ȵȶݡ
ʱϴıʳˣ׺ͱ϶ƤĻ󡢻ءͿԸӲʳãؼʱ̿Աסһ
ʷȷʵôһ֮󣬿ųԿϵĻҷΪʤˣκ׺ͱҲЩǷ
ĻӼŵܵܣһﾪˡ
ⷽҪĽ¡ʡ
Ļ͵ͷ
¡ۿƣæˡ
Ƶͷ
˺ͱʷ˸ſ佱ơ
¡۵ƶٿٰܲæ
ҡͷĲ
飬¡Ƶļͷɵò
Ц
¡۵ģŬ
ĻӦ
¡۴ֹһȦȻһ뿪¡۾Ʋٶ
ھǴ̣Ǯ࣬ȫԵһЩȥǰոոǾһޱ£ܿͽ붬
ʱĻæţͬʱӵнǿ֢ʮӺ֣˸ֵ
ŵž͵˹ꡣ
ʹһһ͹ȥˣֳһ꣬ΨһĸоǺֳˡ
Ȼ߹ܵܣҸһˣ
Ƶһٳ
Ҳʮһӵ
߹ʣʮһܣ˵ʲô
ҷҲʮһӵ
߹ʮһЦ
ʮһӱ˵Ⱦͱӹζò׳һ꣬˵һЩʱһţҵһţҲˡ
˵©أˡ
ƵˣţҲˡ
ʮһӵǾŸ罱ม
㳤ˣƾʲôҪҽ㣿
ΪҳߣͿ԰ʮһ©Ӳѡ˵ˡ
Ҫ߹ĸѾ˿׺ͱԱõܵܣҪСޡ
ĸ
߹ͷԣĸͻˡ
ҽպ;Ÿ˯վĸʮһӰŵװס
ð߹
Ÿ磬òãʮһתͷʾŸ磬Ÿ粻ˣŸû


202 
Ӵ, ıûˡ߹
ʮһʣĶȥ
ѽĶȥأ߹ʡ
ʮһܻһ£Ȼϵġ
߹Цʣʲô
ܵ, ŸҲע, ʮһ̫, ûƢ, ҲƵһ͵͵ߡ
߹Ц
ʮһСüͷʣ߽㣬ŸĶȥ
Ҳ֪߹ؿߣ治֪Ķȥˡ
ʮһӵߣŸ̫
̫ƴʱѾܳ, ߵũ˾ũ˾˾һ۲촺ũ취ũĲ
һһϦɵģҪżƵ
ũ˾˾ְ֮꣬ǴסСũ, ܹҲ޺ˡľͶעũˣϣ˶зԡ
һŬ, ˵Ƶ
ũ˾˾ͷá
ǰߵٿũߡ
ߡũ˾˾ơ
ֿũ, Ҳֵʱûеũ˾˾˻ؼң뿪ũ˾, ϼõ, ڴȰõ, ҲͲȥ, ֱ, Ļӵķǿŵġ
ĸ硣
ھ߳ŵܵܣĸ绹ûл
ʣǿ׺ͱ𣿡
𣿡ھϲãǰû˵
ĻӱһŬϽˣ׺ͱĽ׶ʱӣæµҹѾüûлػӡ
ھ֪µҲƽ͵ˣʱ˵ģĸ绹ûü㡣
̫ˡھˡ
ƵͷĸջӦþͺ˵ˡ
šھʾŵܵܣ
Ҳˣһȥٿ顣
УȥɡھЦ⡣
ƻصԼķӣ鰸ǰʼ顣
Żӡ˻һ
Ӧ̧£
ʣЩʲô
ͻȻֿ鿴ʱѾ谵һƬȷʵŵʱ䡣
û뵽ʲôϼˣŻӣ˵ջʢŷ˻㳢һ
ĸɳˣʡ
ڳԡϼ˵
ߵСãýҳɡ
ǡϼߵСǰʳС
ֻһˣʳﻹưԵĺ⡢˿Сͷ²ųʲôˣЦĸЩҶԡ
ǡϼ뿪
ҪţȰʳҲˣ͵ҲԵĲˣлһ
ѡʳ͸ھʣµķɳԲ꣬ƫƫסӡ߻ӺͰ˻ӽҪĸ֮࣬ҪŻܺһš
ϧʳһЩˣȻʣµװʳԷ
Żˡվſӭӵ
𣿡ֱʡ
ֵ׼ȥŷ򷹡
ˣҴ˺öࡣ̧̧ʳе
רŸӳԵģһ䡣
ʵʵ˵ĸͻĸţֲڻһҲԲ꣬ʹһԡ
רŸӵİЩʧǿŻӶû˼ֻԼˣҲûа취ˣһӡ
ˣ϶Ըһԡ߽Ժӡ
ĵŻǰõġ
ˡ鷿߽ڣڻƵĵƹ£ԽԵˡ
硣߽
ٴ̧̧ʳõţҴʳй
ղ˵ˡ
ˣӭңЦʡ
ǵģһ˵ͿƲסеëʣ߳鷿ƣ˵ȴǣеˡ
һ԰ɡƵ
ͷ
ʳзŵϡ
ʳд򿪣һһŵϡ
ɽζ㰡
ǴȰСģȻˡƽ˵һλá
ȥꡣֵ
Ʋ·ǷԷһ㣬磬԰
µɽҲ
ܹ
ĸΧһ
ʱʱƼвˣչ˵΢
ֶ
ܿúš
ɽͶϴꡣ
ƺڷԷɢʳ
ΧĿУЮ֡ҶͻƸпµһˡ
ţʱ졣
Ƴûл¥ƹ
ţҲͦõġʶ֣¥ƹ飬κѧϰȻƣһֱ꣬ѾϤ˴κһС
һֱ¡Ƶ
ӵ޷֡
Ҹ㰡ֱӵ
΢ʣʲôʲô֣
Ҫʲôʲô֣ư߸񴡣
Ҫʲôʲô֣
Ǹܴˣ͸¶ϢǺʳģƸоԼҪĴˣıʿΣ
Ц
°ͣôԸ⵱ıʿ
Цлү񰮣Ҫǿǡ
һ˵ã㿼ǿǣҸλӡ
Ц
û취úÿЦҲƻһ񣬸Ͻ⣬̫ѧܿܶѧӣ˵¥ƹҲ
Цݵ֪
ʶʡ
񴲻ȷ˵ʶɣҶܾûлȥˣʶ˲ࡣ
ȥʱ۸Ļңȥ
ٴη͵͵Цö
ЦʲôСʱҾ˵Ҫ¥ƹòãҾʹ㡣Ƶ
ޱȣá
ܿ˿ʱ䲻ˣҪȥˡ
㡣
ҡͷá
ҰʳС
ҿԼࡣ
ҰţҺãȵԺҹĲãԿҡ񴿪Ц
ЦȻôʶʱǾŰɡ
ãһ£Ϲ
Ƶͷ
ܿʳ߳
һ𳯻ߣ߱˵ȻԶС·վһˡ
ھСڵˡ
Ӧǵĸ硣Ƶ
Ļӻæ
ţȥкɡƵ
ǰţȻھһĸ硹һ̧ͷĻӴӺڰ߳΢΢һ١
ĸ硣ھֻһ
ĻͻȻھһѽھ§뻳С
ƺ񴾪ͬʱͣ
ʶؿ񴣬ԼǡǸ
Ǹʲôʡ
ҡĸھڱ
Ƶţҿˡ
ʣǡǸʲô룿
ʲô룿񴷴ʡ


203 
㡣Ƶ
΢˼
Ƶʵ, 㲻ٷҡ
ˬӦá
Ƽʣʲô룿
ûи롣
ƶʱ
ɻ󡣡
һϽʣɻʲô
ֱ۾, ̽Ѱʲô, һһʣΪʲôһ𣿡
ڵ, ƺǹת, ÿĲ񻰣ǿ˺һջѧϰһ, ߳ȥ˵Ϊʲôһ𣿡
û̻ش
˶ţƺҪӱ˴˵֤ʲô
֮񴿪ڣһӦþ֪ˡ
Ƶá
һĻӺھ
ĻӺھѾӵֺʵľ룬ſ׺ͱ¶, ҲûκǵĶһԺܺõѡ
ƺ񴶼ЩʧʧĻӺھ˵߽˻ûз顣
ư˰ǡ
ˡ
ƲʣҪˣ
ΪҪߣҪȥˣ
˭ûж, ȻӦոǾ䡸ˡ, ָĻӺھˣָԼҪˣ̲סһЦ
Ц, ֮ͻȻһƵһ, һЩ˵׵㺡
ǴЦ˵ȷʵҪˡ
ͷ
Ƶһȥˡ
šӦ
Ƶ·Сġ
ͷá
ǰ, ͷ΢Ц񴣺̫ѧʳüȻת˻
ƵıӰ, ֱ, ŻĿƣ޼ӣǵüȣһתԷߡ
ӻˡɽſڵ
ţˡЦ߽Ժӡ
ɽһ£ߵĶֵ֣ûУ
ˡֵͷ
Ӻܿġɽ
ֵһЦݵͬ˵
ճǴЦºӣ˭ܸоýӽȴЦôģ־¶;Żйأɽȴǲ֪صô¶
ֲ֪ܰӺ;Żӵ¶˵
˹ˣѵΪ¥ƹѧɽͷֹ
ֲӻ
ɽҲٶ룬̧ȥ˯ˡ
תͷһ鷿ҲԼСˡ
鷿ʻľơ
ڻ鰸ǰ룬ðϲõݣһƽ
һ飬Ȼԡ
ɵʱ뵽ڰ񡭡ǳúÿ񶼶ˡ
˼۾˯
컹δС
ѣͰ˻ӵһѧãڻ谵ѧﳿͱС
ʿ̫ѧѧӣеԴκĸ̫ѧееԴ¹һӡ
ƺѧһӭͬҴżʼϿΣһֱѧ
ܵܣȥʳá߹
ȥɣȥ̫ҽԺ
㣬㲻Է˻ʡ
̫ҽԺԡҩ䣺Ͳˡ
ãռ˵ͷ
ˡ
˳ʳߣÿˡ
һЦ
ƻЦݡ
˲Ծߵһ
˯Σѵõ졣
ܺáƷʣأ
ҲܺáЦ
Ҳܺáһŵζ
ƺͷһʮһӡ
ʮһӿĵغŸ硣
Ƶ㻹ǱЦˡ
ʮһɻʣΪΣ
¶ˡƵ
ʮһС͡
ӻݵеࡣ
ƽ̫ͣˣӲѻݸڵġ
ţҾ͵ȻҧǵҧһճһˤֿĵһȻ͵öࡣʮһָݺ
ԶʱСĵ㡣ѡ
ʮһӵͷȻƵʳá
ơʮһڳǰ緹
ʮһӺ飬Ա½ӡʮӡ߹Ͱ˻ӣĵ˵һ԰ȣ
Ÿ磡ʮӵ
ʮһתͷһ㵵Сʮô
Һ͸һģʮӲʮһм䣺ʺ̫˵˵ҾŸ磬˵á
¡ۻʱʱ̫ѧһˣһ̫ѧĸַԴκԸѧӵĹĺӡ
ʮһӵʲô
ѼʮӦ˵
Է𣿡ʡ
ľСʮӵȥҴϾͺÿ
㻹ù˸Ƕϵļ򣡡ʮһӵ
ϵСѼҪϵҪϵ˲̵һաʮӽ͡
ʮһӷİۡ
ʮӵķǡˡ
ʮһҪ̭ʮӣ߹ϽתƻʮһܣŹม
ϵѽʮһӵ
Գ𣿡
ѽʮһӼһŹǾҧʵڲСͺģŹǰȻ
ʮһ
߹Ц
Ұ㣡ʮÿӣһŹ͵һҧһ⣬ŷ¿ӺŹǣСְѿеŹͳݵʮһǰʮһ磬ԣ
մžӨ͸ˮŹ⣬ʮһס
ʮܲˣ̻
ǡ߹ôһ
ʮǡ벻ݴʡ
˻ӵʮһʮܣϽɣҪӦˡ
߻ӵͷš
׿Ƶǻ߰ɡ
Ƶͷߡ
һѰλ
ǰֻʮһӺʮˡ
ʮһӻ񣬽ѵʮܣôô
ҽ࣬ʮӵ
㽲ƨƨ
ϵࡣ
ʮһӺʮӱһ©磬һ˵ߴ˵һѣѧǶҲҸһ𣬰͵ˡ
ʮһӵ㿴ö˿ء
ʮӻһȦȷʵҶڿǡ
ʮһӴʡ
ʮӻش𣺡
ʮһü㻹˼˵ûû
ƵЦ
ǴЦ˵ܵͦɰġ
Ƶš
ȥȰһȰǣ
أһͺͺˣǳԷɡһֱСһ״·ʽСӣСӾжԡ
ͷá
˵Ŀ·ŵ緹ϡ
һƬ⵽С
ЦŽܡ
¡ȻһİӶ洫
£
ⲻǴκԻӵĳóƺ
Ȼ뵽¥ƹģ̧һĿ꣬ϷʵЦ⡣
תͷ񴡣
¡ʱǵЦ˲ʸɾҲûƽյº̧ͣؿ꣺£


204 ̫
, СʱôһͣҲԶǧκҲһ, 治˼
񴷴ʣǧ
·ѽ
㻹ǰȻ˴κ̫ѧ
ҪһǡԺ˵
񴲻
תߵ, ոۿչ˾Żӵ, ζػһŻӡ
ǡʡ
¥ƹСүȭ
û, ֪¥ƹĴգ¥ƹң¥ƹӵкܸߵԺʵǣӶˡ
, ڼӢޱȣҲһ㣬û뵽ܼ˾޵꣬Ƥѣ·Ů, С˶һĶǺÿģ̲ס佱ŻǷ˫
ҲǾɫƻص
佱ϲõлŻӿ佱
Ƶǫˡ
Żӡ
÷ˡϺ
ЦЦһѿ佱Ļ, Ժ˵
̹á
Խкøˡ
񴲻õü, һתơ
Ʋ׳һЦ
üչָƼһƬ⡣
˶ͷš
ܿ
һתͷʮһӺʮҲ, ˭Ҳû뿪λ, Ϊɢһ׳
ϵŪģʮζ
ϵ㣡ʮһӵ˷, ŸͲϲ
ʮӼŸϡң˵, ŸͲϲһ
ʮһƶϲ, ϲҡ
ϡң
ϲң˷ʳŸ˷ʳ
ʮӲ֪ôʮһ磬ͷСĲǵ˭Ūġ
ǾŸ翴ˣ˵ΪŪġ
һֺںڵС֣ϵһСµҲ˷ʳŸϡҡ
ʮһءǡһ
ʮӿĵҡͷԡ
ƵûۿʮһӺʮˣһǳϹϵ׷ܳʳá
ʮһܺʮĶܳһӵ
һҲʮӸǳ˲ٳ
߻ӵʵҲƤʵֲ
߹Ӧò֪Ϊ
˻ӽӻӦҲ֪
룬ȷʵˣɵһЦ
Сƣʳÿ𣿡
ԣǾǾߡҪʮһӺʮ˹̫ǿˣƼûа취
Ǻø硣ӻ
ףôڣ
㰡һӡ
ֱԣûա
ҾŻӡ
ƻûп˵񴿴ƵҪ˰ɡ
Ƶͷ
ȥϢɡ
ƿһۺ
ۡ
һ۵ȥ
ʵˡ
Ƹо֮Ҫ˵м䲻ʣæˡ
ͷ
Żټǳ顣
ˡ
񴲻õؿһۺתߡ
£¡
ͷͿ׷ȥջĿ⣬ܿ쵽ҿʼ׼˯
˯ѵΣ۵ͷʱ߹˻վ£ѧϰŵ㡣
ۣǸѧ߹ָһѧӵ
˻ӵͷݷѧõġ
ǵţ¥ƹѧӡ߹
˻Ӳȷʣŵܵܣ¥ƹΰɡ
Ƶͷǡ
¥ƹ˲ѧӡ˻Զ
ΪǴκǿˣѧӾͶˡ߹͵Ҳ˵Դ֮󣬸˿ڶӺܶ࣬ϰյҲùˡ
˻ӵͷ
ƿԶá
ûеܵܺá߹ŵ
ЦЦ
˻ɻʣôãκѧʲô
ѧϰĻ߹
˻ӵͷӦġ
ȴ˼ؿ߹Ͱ˻ӡ
߹ֻƺͰ˻ӵļͷߣֵˡ
߹˻Ӽ
һ綼ѵѵ
֮˶ǰ󱳡
߹ŶӵܵܣȥĸǶš
ҲȥըƬ˻ӵ
ǾȥƵ
һ˴Ȱ
̫֪ƻţر˸ϲԵģǡкܶ߹Ͱ˻ϲġ
˳Եıġ
̫˸Ʊġ
Ƶĸ̫ˣҳԲꡣ
ƶڳ壬ҪԵ㰡̫Ц
Ѿ˺öࡣӸ̫󿴡
̫Ц㻹Ҫ飬ҹܾƶࡣ
һҶšҲþܾˣ̫ĸ첲һɢɢǧš
̫Цãǧš
߹Ͱ˻Ӹš
ĸڴȰš
ֺ̫˵һЩ̫ѧȤ£̫Цͣ
֮Ʋʳк̫
˴Ȱ߹
ƺͰ˻һ𵽻
Ƶ˸磬ķһ롣
Ҫҷﻹвء˻ӵ
ҷĸ硢߸硣Ƶ
˻ӵǿûôԵġлӹУԵġ
ȥһЩȻĳԲꡣ
ȥĻǶͳȥ̵ģŵӺ߻ӷ϶δĵģĵҲͲȥֻԷˡ
һԷͿŵĺ
Żӡӭӣˡ
Цӡ
ЦŵҪôԽҺ磬߿硣
ɫһȥ
վʣʲô
Ƶĵġ
ҳԲ
Ȼ
ллֽʳС
һסʳУӲм䡣
һģӲվȡ
񴿴Ƶ
ˣҪȥˡƵ
㡣
ãԼԡ
˳·Һ;Żһȥɡߡ
һקסĺ졣
еʲô
º͵˵Һ
ãæˡƵ
ͷ
̧ߡ
ɿĸ󣬿ƽ˻Ż
չܵûͷƵϣе˵
޹ء
Ŷ͵ĵġ
ֱӽԣɫ˵ԺھŻǰ㷺ĵ顣
ﰡѵüôÿ˶˵仰泩
ɫá
һԣ£ϲŻӣ
ⲻʵġ
ԣ󳤹δ¥ƣ㶼Ը⣬Ϊ
񴲻˵
£̫ˡӵЩϼһﶼ첻ˡ


205 С
ﴽʣһǣ
һҭ
ʳг鷿ߡ
ȥ󳤹˵, ¥ƹġ
˭ĶһֻҪϰչúá񴽫ʳз¡
ҲĻ
̧ۿʲô
ûڣֱӵḴ𡣡
ЦЦ
ļҿ԰㡣
㣿
, ֹ, к塣
˶, ʣƾʲô㣿
ƾǺҡҡ
һЦСү, ˣ¥ƹҲ
Ǳû˵бļƻ𣿡
񴲻˵
, ôңСʱһ͵ġ
ûһ͡
𲻳ϣ¶Ҽǵ
񴵭˵ӦҲؼǵãûô࣬һԱ߿档
ڲﻰˣҲ, Ѿ֪㣬һֱ󳤹࣬˵Բ㣬˵, ˡ
ûʲô顣
Լɡ˵뿪
鰸, þδжðСʱһЩѪȻ棬ͻȻǱסһ, ˫ȭɵս, ͹
Ȼֱ鰸͵ʳ, ͷһ, תͷȥͬʱ, ðƵӣ侲
֮ٿȻȡǽϹŵľԺҹͣˮʪѣɽͶȻĿ⣬ԡϢڶ컹δȥ̫ѧ
ԶԶؿּյһŻӡ
硣Ƶ
ǴЦߵƸǰ
ʣôǰˮˤ
ˡ
ߡ
áӦ
ק䡣
΢΢ͷںĵƹУϸָůָ΢һͿƲסȥ
ȴǺǰĵ·
ŵܵܣСĵ㡣ǰӺ
֪ˡӦһҲСĵ㡣
Ӧһ
߹ˮĵ򣬺̫ܿѧ
Ƶ˰ѵˡ
ߡ
Щϲܿ쵽Ժѧǰڵ磬ҽѧˡ
һʳüˡ
ƽѧãѧһ𳿶
ɫ
ߣȥš
㣬ղȥ̫ҽԺ߹顣
ȥˣҪץֻСҩ̫ҽβˣоҩҪС顣
˻ӵ㲻þŵֻܸܵС𣿡
ֻҵöץֻ
ƽӻȥũ˾ץũ˾иС֣ܶ࣬˲ʳӶץǣ˾ͷ۵ĺܣǰҰϼèá
èʹˣץ˰ɡ˻ʡ
ҪЩĸóԺúȵιܶũ˾ˡèֵӣľèԸ
߹ȥ׽
ͷȥһԡ
ʱǺһ𡣡ȥԷɡ
ĸһѧãԶԶؿ񴡣
ƻ֡
һЦֿ
ŻӡͻȻðЦݲõشкƱ
ɫһڣǰס
ͣ²ʣ£ʲô

͵Ҿ˵仰
˵ļᶨ
Ϊʲô
ǻĵˡ
һ£žϲؿʣ£ǲǰעңȻô֪һģ
¥ƹ˶֪
ǷҲġԼҲͶϲӣÿӶģûҲûʼģĲǡһͨ󣬲ŵŲңǹ¥ƹġ
񴲻Ļ磬ŻӣȻҶ㲻
֪ˡֿһۿޱȵƣӴôôÿҪƣһȥףȻһһˣϧϧ½ȵˣֻ̾Ϣһʳá
תͷơ
ƺߵǰղŶ߶ߴߴѧ˵ûעͺĶԻԲ֪ʲô飬ʣȥԷˣ
ţҲߡ
˽̫ѧʳãԼϲ緹Χǰ
߹Ӻ;ŵܵܶడ
ڲͬĴڣͬһ࣬Ĭ

ƿһ࣬ðϲãԽһ£һ˱ǣƳҲڽ࣬ȴһֵĵζ
ػܣûŵͬζ
Ҳ˵Ƕһݵġ
ܵܣʲôأԷ߹
ƻͷ߹ͻȻչ첲״شһ첲
ûзڽ˲䷭ϡ
ܵܣû¶ɡ߹ĵԶơ
ʣû̵ɡ
ûУ˼ҲǹġƵ
û¡˵û£ȴƹֵֹġ
ѰҵҶʰһ¡
˻ӵŵܵܣùʰɡ
̫æˣûʱ䣬ǵøϽʰһ£ȻӰ쵽Ҵκ⡣ߵʳý䣬ùһɾСľͰսСľͰȻСľͰŵ䣬¸һġ
񴿴һƣʱĿƳһСľͰ
ûֺǺǵš
ҲС
أʳõ˴롣
ƵκһʳУߵСľͰǰİóװʳȥ
˶ʱˡ
װһʲôûзӳʳá
߹ܵܣʳа
̫óԣԴһݸʮܡ˻ӵ
ù;˰
˵Сһ㣬ҾػϢϢ̫ѧһҪѧӡ
˵ȥȵơ
תͷأ
һ𡣡
߹ҺͲʿ˵һȻó顣
ûϵó顣
˻ʣΪΣ
Ϊúÿ
ǳҲÿ߹顣
Ȼ˵ǵĲʿ
߹пร
˵˵ЦЦͳ̫ѧһ·ߣһƵķӣɫʱ
߹ʣܵܣʲôˣ
ƶ˳һš
ûųκ
Ҳǣһ˵ġɫζԴ󲿷˵ľɫζй񣬿Ը֪һЩ
ľ⣬࣬óιֻС󣬰൹һֻССС
Сܹͳԡ
˿š
СԵĶӹԲ
СûʲôӦ߹
żеҩҩЧĵȵȡ
һӺСͻȻ鴤Ѫܿû˷Ӧ
ιһֻС󣬻ͬ
߹Ͱ˻һתͷ񴡣


206 
ĿתضֻСʬ, һԲ
߹˵ࡢж
˻ȻƣŵܵܣҲˣ㡪
û¶, ҵûж, ѧӵҲûСƿһֻС
߹ӵġ
˻Ӳʣʲô
, 񴿪ڵӦ¥ƹɫ
ɫӻɫ¥ƹеĶݺͶ, вŨصζζʧ󣬱ɫζҩˮԲŻ֡
ͷ˵û
Ƶû, ŵľǵζ
ʳԺ󣬻߹
͵һҪҩжߵ־壬Сһɥ
ͷû
˵ܶµ飬һֱû, ͻȻЩţĿСʬкһʶ£
߹ŭдʲôҪ¶֣̫ˣ¶Ҫ߸, ϴã
侲Ӧ¥ƹˡ
Ƹ͵¥ƹˡ
߹ʣܵ, ô֪ģ
ҿˣǸ¥ƹѧһֱع۲ߡڷζʱ򣬵һʱǹ۲, ÷и¥ƹһѧӰпߡ
ȵľͰŵʱ, ѧͼ֤, ĹԱ, ѧûа취Ų֮
ȥץ߹
˻ӵԡ
ۿ߹Ͱ˻ӾҪж, ϽǱżץ϶ҪץģǵǰŪһ飬ΪʲôӣðսΣɱӰȻú͸˵
߹ͣ²ӵ˵öԡ
˻룬ʣս
ǡֱӵֻҪɱңˣǲκ˵άκ
ΪΣ߹
ƿʣ¥ƹʵҪɱ㣿
ͷ
˻ʵ¥ƹʵ۲𣿡
ǡԳɱҸĸɱҲϡˡ
ͬʱ𾪣Ҳ岮Ȼϵһ㣬û˺ǵ¶˵ɱˡ
ĬĬǵõϢǣҸȥ塢͹ùüףΪ¥ƹ룬̳ͦеλʶ缺Ű͵ǿʢĴκ顣
˵ͷ
ЦЦκʱ򣬴κոմһ̣ʧأܱرʳ࣬òΪ˰ն㲻Ϲǿʢɣ
ʮǰҲ죬κͱ޹սķǳң¡Ҳڳܵ⣬ֻ˳Ŵ˵Ĳ鵼սܡ
أκǿ¡۲ڳûȨ
˵κʱǴκѵʱ
Ƶôǹ͵Ĵκģ
šͷ
Ϊʲôû˵£ڷԼ˽ĶǴ󣬲ɵѯԵɡ
¶˵ܳ
Ը־˽æԲ˵
תͷӡ
Ҫǳȥ;ŵܵһ˵
ûϵ˵¶ṫ֮ڡ񴻺ߵǰʣµҪҸ˵Ƕ֪Ҹ¥ƹ
˵ͷ
Ҹֵܽ࣬бµҲǼλùá壬Ҹʺ͹ùãֵܣͬĸֵܽã¥ƹѵʱһԿУҸʹǳӣȻȻؼ̳лλ
˰š
ŵһ¥ƹϣҪϰչϺӣΪҲˣȴֻ֪ҪȨһֱûзֱһְֶȨơѹա
㸸ʴ𣿡ʡ
ûСҡҡͷֻǾ档
ʣȻأ
ȻΥһ̸Ƕ֡ʱ͵͵ܵ鷿У׼дָʿû뵽ǸʿѪڵϣŭ־ؿŶ塣
һ֪ѾɱĸʣҲ֪ȥ޲㵽Ӻ棬ֱ뿪
̲סʣ
š
ʱ󣿡ꡣش
Ϳ̵飬һۡ
ǶƸȥף˵λ󳼣ʱֳĸ򲻶ԾұŲɶǻǲӣĸоΣգҵҹù̸ۺܾãԾƺ˸
ǰһ֣ҪһЩ֧š
Ƶ֣ͷơ
ƾ񴡣
Ĭš
ĸΪ˾㡣˻ӵ
šء
ʣǲҲĹùã
Թ
㡣
񴲻òͷǹùøĸָһ·ҲĸʱԼĸͲ
һĸţʱܳΪ¥ƹĻʵۣζʱĸˣˣٶʱǷĵģĵӣҲʱù齫ͳ¥ƹ
Զ볯Ұġ˻ӵҲΪ˱㡣
šͷ
ȻǸѡ˹Ĵκ
˻ӸŵѾڴκˣôҪɱ㣿
ΪǷҿܲǷ
߹ģ
Цһµǵλ¥ƹĴ󳼺ͰջҸʵĺã֧ңҪɱңһ¥ƹ
ô죿ʡ
ƿʣҪ¥ƹˣ
񴿴ƣ֮󣬵š
΢΢һ£ɴá
ʲôʱأ߹ʡ
˶٣ɡ
ȥˣҪôӦ¥ƹЩˣʡ
߹ȥ㣡
߽㣬¥ƹ˻ѣһˣܾͻ飬ʱ֣Ӱ֮ǰƽ⣬ܿĻϰա
߹˵
ƵҪǴκճ˵
ͷһġ
磬һҪһ͸룬Դȥ¥ƹúšֻܹ
񴿴üĿµƣСʱ򣬻ڣ׵شģõĶɬɬͬʱо˿˿Ƶϲãá
Ƴ˳ǣһǳǳ΢Ц
ҲǺӴһֱΪּ񴶨Ȼܵ۰벻һһʱ֮е޷Ӧ
ȵںǳȥץ˰ɡ
ץ˭ʡ


207 
˻ȷӦץ¶֮ˡ
й֮ˡ񴵱Ŷ֡ɽκʹ, ܹϸļ飬ӺһЩ֮⣬Դ
¶֮, ȴԽ¥ƹɫ, Ȼǰйκʿ, ڴκ˵, һ
ס
߹²˳٣ھȥץˡ
Ȱﴦһ¡ָϵ
ŵ˸緿ʮһǾߣһС, ΣաŴˣСʮһСʮпܡ䡹һ֮ģ룬Ƿڰ˻Ƕȫ
˻Ҳ뵽Щ, ȫٰ
У߰ɡƵ
߳䡣
Ҫתʱŷֻ, ոֻΪ˹, ûʲôر뷨ʱ˿̺Ȼо⶯һ㣬̧񴡣
Ҳ, Щҿ, Ȼ͸졣
˵ʲô, ߹, ֡
񴻺ջ֡
һ߳ӡ
̫ѧ, øϿμƲɫָѧӵѧӡ
ͷ
˻ӵΧˣ˳֡
ǵѡʵĻᡣ
ûǰ׽ѧӣһֱѰһᣬʱѧûнʳãǹؽѧ˯ҡ
ĸϣŸѧߵ˯ǰҪЩʲô
ڸʲô߹
ѧӻͷˣʧɫžҪܡ
ǰһקŸѧӵѣֱק
һߵѧӸ
ѧˤǽϣۿŶ㲻ȥһᡣ
ϽҪԾ
ûôף߹һŽѧӲȵǽϡ
ǰһסѧӵ°ֻͣ꡹һѧӵ°ˡ
Ҳ֪Ķץӣѧӵ
ɵضѧԾĵ·
˻һѽקߡ
⿴˿ûˣǷǽߡ
קŸѧӣѸ뿪̫ѧ˷ԷһڵСݣʹøַڴӸѧӵ˳ҪϢ
ȷʵѧӾɱģ֪˭Ҫɱ񴣬˴ӣ¸һԱͶһЩҩκ̫ѧ
ȵһͿʣµ뿪κ̫ѧңˡ
ǿˡƵ
ѧҲ֪ԼǻˣҲû취ԾֻƵ˸ʹġ
ô죿߹ʡ
¡ܻߵĹԱ̫ѧΣ
Ǵȥ𣿡
룬̫ˣһͬ鷢֣ɱͲˣǰˣȥũ˾Ƕҵĵ̣ҶΪҴʳ֮ģȻȥ븸ʡ
߹ããװ
ƿȥ˸ǶɫСҺ硢˸ȥũ˾ţ˳ֻСһá
á
˷ֳж
ơͰ˻ӴŸѧũ˾Ĵؼ棬׽ֻ
ûһʳкֻС
֪ææ˻ӵ
Ӧæģ϶ʱƵ
ĸ˼ȴš
û߹¡߽ũ˾
ũ˾˾ͷ¡
ŻĶ¡ʡ
ڴؼ䡣ũ˾˾ְȥ
ˣ֪Ķ߹˴С͸Ƴũ˾ܣǶũ˾Ĳˣʣߡ
á¡۸߹
ũ˾˾֪ڸʲôǸոƽκ˿ũ˾˲ؼ䣬ΪоµũԾȥš
ڴؼ¡˵֮¡
¡۾㵣¶
㿴ƿʼСιࡣ
¡ؿСѪ
øѧ˵
¡۳ŭǵܿ侲׸񴣺ӣôӦδ
Ҳ֪¡۲ӰϵֱԵش
ô˵
һҲ¥ƹ֪ҵκ̫ѧĹԱܻߵײǺ£̫ѧѧ֪ᴫԹңӰκ˵
Ƽûк¡˵ʵ¡֪¥ƹϸʵȥ¥ƹһֱ̫ȶܾ¥ƹʵ㣬񴵹Ǹѵõ˲ţãԡ
ĬĬ⣬һһ¡
¡ײ³Ҫ¥ƹ£ȻҪعġ
񴿴һƣǡ
¡۵ã׼ˡ
л¡
¡ۿһ۸ѧӣʣ㴦ɡ
ѧһۡ
ѧͻоԼУƵ˲ע⣬Ѱӣһͷײǽϣˡ
ûһ˿£һᴦõġ
¡۵ͷƣƶǻ¶𣿡
ҡͷûˡ
ˡ
͸ʣ£һ
¡ˡ
˴飬Ȼص̫ѧѧüϿΣշһС
ѧʱƿͺһ˵˵һЩ¥ƹ飬Ӧǳﻮ¥ƹĸ顣
ûȥ񴣬ȥȰ̫Ȼص
ڶձ˵¡Ϊ̫ѧԱ̫ѧѧӲӣǸְ죬̫ѧعԱ
û˰¶롣
֪̫ѧˡ٣Ѿûн̫ѧˣûȥţѧ㵽ϼ󣬺˵˼仰ȥ˴Ȱ
һȰͿĻӵĸˡ
˴ڵϡ
̫һãƳ֣һ±飬˵Ȼȥɡ
ǡ񣺡ˡ
߽
΢΢Ȼ뿪
û˵ı飬Լϵۡ
ƶѧˣ̫Цݡ
ţĸôˣʡ
밲ء̫ЦЦƶûУ
ˡƵ
㰧š
á
̫һţɢ˲Ʋ뿪Ȱֱֱ߽ߵǰʶתͷĻӵķӡ
룬̧ߵĻӷſţĸңŵܵܡ
Ŵ򿪣Ļӳ֣ŵܵˣ
߽ȥܿ˿ھ粻ڣ
⼸նס̫ѧǱߡĻӵ
ƲѰңתͷĻӣȻĻϺһƬĸ磬
û¶ĻЦЦ
͸̹ھˣưڴȰ˵ʱ뵽Ļӿ̹ˣֻȷ
Ļӵͷţ̹ˡ
Ȼ̹ˡ
ƿĻӺ׵İʴˣ
ûСĻҡͷ
Ʋ⣺˭ģ


208 
ĸġĻʵ
ˣƾȡ
šĻӵͷ
Ĭ˻, ֪˵ʲô
ĻӿǻӦ֪ĸĸ
֪̫˵ĻӵĸһֱãĻûþͲ, Ļӱ
ĸҲܹ, ϣܵõʺ̫, һ, Ҳй⣬ƫƫѡھһңȥ󸸻ʺͻĸ, ھʹĻӵ˵
ûаȫУҪ뺢ӺӰ˵ŭĻӣʣǸʺͻĸô˵ģ
, Һھһ𡣡ҪȵʱڳλسǲŻȻһһΪѹκŷ, ޴ס
һ, һ˼֫κŷʹƽһֱ޶Ů, ǰȵ۽һ¶¡һֱ֪, ܸж, Ҳϲӡ
ǡĸô˵Сѯʡ
Ļתͷơ
Ī, Ҵ
Ļӵĸ̫, Ѻܶ鶼úܵûж˵ֻһ᲻ڣ˵ڣûٶʡ
ư͸һ
ĻӿƴѣʣǲǴӴȰ
Ƶͷţĸţʳ
Ļʣĸˣĸ˵Ҫȥ̫Ӧþȥˡ
Ҳûţͻĸ˵ʲô
ĻԳĬ
̽ʣ㲻ģھᱻκ
ĻҡҡͷᣬĸĵģӦֻȥĸǶ߿ࡣ
ھô죿ʡ
ȻһĸǱߣһ˵ףһ죬ܡĻӵ
ƵͷҲġ
Ļӿ˿ƣСϰ˰ֻھѯʵʱŻ˵
ոҲ֪Ϊʲôƾ˵ЩᡢܺãȻһɢȼδ㽣ѹִҶϲŵܵܡ
ЦЦֻ˵ˡ
ֲۡƺӦ̫ѧѧϰǿȣһûоۡ
һɡĻơ
оĻ黹ǲ̫õӣƱ׼һ¡
ĻӸ£Ƶ衣
˵һЩС¶鶼
ƿĻӵʣĸ磬ҪҪһ£
Ѿˣտ϶ͺˡĻӵ
Ƶţ˵ĳǺõġ
֪Ļڹ˺ܶ꣬Թܶ࣬ͬһֱǿ˵˼
Ļ״̬ԽԽãƱϢһȥˡ
áĻͳš
ĸ磬ȥɡƵ
áƶ߽淿ˣĻӲŹϷš
ƸŹϷţĻӺھ飬Щɣ߽Էһ
򿪴ӡ
ڴǰ
Ц硣
š΢΢һЦ
ָŷڵҪҪ
ڿһۣ̫á
תָŷҳȥϷ
֡
֣û͸˴ӣ˷һ¡
ʣȶˣ
յʵǵ˺ܾãĻˣ
ƻصûа
ʣôˣ
㿴ˣ
ţոʱ򣬿ġ
ֻʵ˵˴ġ
֪ĻӵĸʣΪΣ
Ϊھ¶Ƶ
΢΢һ٣Ƶӡ
Ц㿴ʲôúõġ
ЦЦ
Ӧ֪ھమɡ
Ҳ̹Ȼ֪
Ƶʺͻĸʱܲˡ
΢΢һȭͷ̶ɿ
˵ĻӺھ¶תʣǶæˣ
ڴκæˡ
ʣҪ¥ƹˣ
ͷ
֪һ¥ƹһ쵽ˣǾ̫ˡ
¥ƹƻ𣿡
ɡ
ҪһҪҡ
á
˲ԼͬسĬ֪ĸķشţ˿˿⣬ĳӺʱмȻ־
֮ʣʲôʱߣ
ش𣺡ա
Ƶͷû˵
תͷʣ᲻ң
Ƶ˵׼
һЦˡ
Ц㲻ǰƣҿ϶벻㡣
ԣЩɵҾǰơ
һΪƻһ㡣
ڳ
ҺͲʿ˵һˡ
񴲻ټ֣һǾͻš
á
˼ţһЩճС¶£֪Ѿ
뿪
ƻصԡ˯
һ̫ѧɫʣתͷ˵¶ȥһ¡
ܵܣʲô¶߹ʡ
硣Ƶ
˾ȣҪ¥ƹˣ
šƵͷ
һͰɡ
԰ǿһܵġ߹
˻ӵͷԣһ͡
룬ãǺͲʿ˵һ
ĸ˺Ͳʿ˵һ󣬿첽ߣԶԶؿơֺɽǣſߡ
߹ӣ
񴼸ͷ
ֿĵŻˣ
ҵĺͽɽ
׿񴡣
Ŀȵơ
Ź
ɽȱסƣͽܣΪʦҪˣ
ƵʦԻҵġ
ҲȥҰ
ãпյĻһȥ㡣
ɱҡɽѹ˵
ᡣ
ʲôᣬҪ˵һᣬôϲ㣬ˣһĵġ
ãһʦ
ɽˣſơ
ֵŻӣټһ㿾ԡ
Ƶͷá
һ̫ѧҲԵ֡
šƵͷȻĿ񴡣
Ѿ˸˱𣬿ơ
ߵǰҸѧϰһҽ
Ե𣿡ʡ
ҡҡͷܣ֪ÿһ죬嶼ںŬظɻ۾㿴磬ıŵζ಻ͣĸҲŬ㽡ģǻı㵽Ȭһֱ㣬Բʲô飬㶼Ҫǡ
񴿴ƣ˵һ仰
Ƶʱ䲻ˣ߰ɡ
ͷת
ƺȻֹסָ
һͷϸָеαװͳͳͻȻתһѽƽ§סУƵʲô飬Ҷ㡣


209 СС
ļ΢, §ס磬һҪúõġ
á
ƵӦˡ
, , ҲҪҡ
ҾƵ
ŸЦ, ɬ, ֣ܲǷſƣƣ˵ˡ
Ƶ˸д, ƽ
áת
ɽֶ
ͷƣﲻظѩһС˶غš籧ҡѩӳˣ޳, Ҳ֪ʲôʱײ顣
ӡֺһ
ޣݣ
ǰУջĿ⣬ǰš
˿񴼸˱ӰԽԽԶʱ, Ż, ڣﲻ񴼸ˡ
ͻȻġ
˸УǶ֪ƺϵܺ, ƺӵʱ, Ҳûв, Բ׿Ƶʧ, Ҳ⡣
ŵܵܡһ
ƻ
˻Ӱοһ䣺Եټ
Ƶͷ
߹ǻȥ, Ӧÿˡ
ţеˡ
ڳĽ׶Σ˻ӸŵҲˡ
˱˵ǰߡ
ź棬̲סͷһ۽յĹš
ܵܣ߰߹ͷסƵ֡
ƸŻص̫ѧʳãܿǰ׾ܲ׽ӰҲˡ
ŸոշֿͿʼǸֻ˵áСԡġˡ񴣬һʱŽ⣬֮󣬱Բȥˡ
ܵܣôˣ߹ʡ
ˡûʲôθڡ
ʣǲΪˣ㲻᣿
Ƶͷ
˻ӵܵģܿͻˡ
߹¿еİӣǰÿĸңˣҾͻܣĸ˵Ϊ˸õط꣬ҾͲˡ
ԣǿ϶Ӽġ
˻ӵͷκ¥ƹһֱóġ
߹ǰļϿµܵܣԣٳһ㣬ҪѹมһСӵӡ
꡹һЦˡ
߹ܵЦˣܵЦˡ
ЦЦ˾ʳˣŵܵϲģҸӵǡ
ŵܵܣҵӸ԰ɡ˻ӵ
ããֵܽöߣƵѹһЩ˸ĹģţԵĻͦࡣ
߹ˣǻȥˡ
ߡ
ĸһصѧϿΣȻѧţ˯ϿΣѧһжƽʱҲûʲôƵÿȥһ˷Է
񴲻ˣԷҲˡ
ѧӾ÷ԷƫԶģ಻ԸסԷƱ̫˵һͰѷԷǶκѧסˡ
Ҳʲô¶̫Ӧˡ
ҲȥԷϿΡ
ܵܣһѧͲϿˡ߹
ʣվҪϢˣ
ԡ˻ӵ
߹ǳȥһɡ
˻Ӧðð
ҲȥˣҪҽ顣
ȥ˰ҽ߹Ȱ˵š
Цǰøճȥÿֻɳ룬ʡŵ㣬ĩٳȥɡ
߹תƣܵܣô˵
ʱҪξͲˡ
߹Ȼȥ͵ܵܶԸȥͰ˵ܵһȥҲûʲô˼´Ϣʱȥ
Ƶͷ
˼ϿΡ
ѧʱһȺѧӳѧá
߹ʲôǡ
˻Ц߽㣬ҪճĻǻżȥʰ
˵߽㡣߹š˰˻һѡ
ˣ˶߸ˣҲ߰ɡ
˻ʣŵĶԣ
߹Ƶĸ첲Һ͵ܵһԡ
ΪҪһء˻ӵ٩
߹ϲ˰һ˵ÿ˵ÿƵ˸磬Ҫˡ
˻Ҳܵ߹ŭϽܣ֪ǰиѧӵ·û취ȥ㳯ѧúܡ
߹׷Ŵ
ѧõܡ
Ц˵ܵҵġ
ǰǵðһٴ򣬲ſġƵ
߹ûͣ˼ŵܵܣͣһ°ɣȻǶϲϷˡ
㣬ҪˣȥˡƵ
߹ŷŹ˻ӡ
ĸһѧ̫߳ѧԺѾһˡ
ûˡ
ƽӻܳȥˡ
ǰߣţǰһޣСţſѧõĴϣ
ʮ𣿡ȷʡ
ʮܡƵ
߹ʣǶģʲô
˻ܿ˿ҲûʺĵµĹ
ʮܡ߹
ʮŵһ򣬲ˤתͷһˣϽСӣܹŸ磬㣬߽㣬˸硣
ô߹ʡ
Ǻ͸һģ˻ʡ
ſϸʲôʡ
̫һشѼʮӵ
߹ʮһۣȻһһʡ
𰸾ʮӲ֪ʹʲô¡Ƕý̫ѧɣȻ֪̫ѧż٣һ̫ѧ
̫ѧûѧվڴ͵͵ȴ׼ʮһһҾŸ档
ʮһܻѧ߹ʡ
ʮӵͷţſϣϵ
ʣʲôԱߵŲˡ
Ѽʮӵ
ڿޣһɻʡ
ʮģʮһӺߺĿࣺϵޡ
Ϊʲôޣʡ
ʿʮ۾
κ̫ѧ̫ͲʿϸҲõ¡۸ȨԿԴѧġ
ҲǴѧѧõģûаģ벻ʮһӰˡ
һһʮӣԼͬһȥ
Ҳ֡ʮӵ
ѹС㣬ŵѧѧϰ
ľѧӣֻʮһͲʿѼʮӵ
ֻʮһܺͲʿ˳Ծʡ
ţѧӶѧʮӵ
ߣȥʮӵֺ֡
ʮӸ˵ҡСӡ
˴ʮѧôǰȻѧֻвʿʮһӶˡ
ʿʮһǰ
ʮһһСţһëд֡
ʿһˡ
ʮһӿŵҪЩϸ
ϸھɰܡʿѴдһ顣
ʮһӵҡҳԹд𣿡
ʿޱԣд
ϵҶʮһӣĺףëʣҲͲˡ
ʿһ̰ɡ
ʮһӿͰ͵ؿŲʿ̲ҶҪ
ĳдһ٣β˵ġʿĵ
ʮһӵһβѽ
ô㣬ܽˡʿýߴʮһģأĿʮһӳԡ
ܽ˰ôۣȻܽˣʮһеʧ
ԡʿߴٵдɡ
ʮһ룬ֳصǡ
ôˣʿͻȻĵؿʮһӡ
ʮһӵѽ
ʿΪӵССͣôۣ
ʮһ±ӣССͶԲ
ʿ


210 ҽ
߹Сʮһܵһһ׵ġ
ԽԽ˵
˻Ӻѧʱ, 飬ȴûѧóʣʮһΪʲôó飿
ʮӰźش𣺡Ҳ졣
, ǳûɡ
Ͽ˵߹䡣
һ䣺ҲϿγԶ
˻Ӹ
ʮһ硢ʱ򡢳ʮʡ
˭֪ء߹
ʮһӺߺģ, Щ, ҪҪһʮһ, ǿҲˣӶǶ, Ӧúܵġ
á߹
ʮӵͷԡ
˻ɻʣô
ƵðԼ취
𣿡ʡ
ƶᣬʮһô˵ǿ
˸ƵĿ⣬ʮһӡ
ʮһӼʿ, Ҳϵ˰ȡ
ʿ˵ˡ
ʮһ¶۵ϵˡ
ʿ޿̵ʮһӣ泭д
ѽϵҵĺͶӲ档
ʿ
ҵóԱ
ʿ
ʮһʣʿŶ, 𣿡
ʿ
ȲʿĻش, ʮһԼشܰȡ
ʿ
ʿֵöţܿ, Һÿʮһ±, һֱûͣд, һͰ͵ӣԷ, Թٳд, 𣿲ʿ̫ѽ
ʿʮһֵСģֺЦЩĲ̣̲ס˿ڣʣԹ᳭д𣿡
ѽʮһӵ
ʿʣôأ
ʮһӷ±ʣظϵӺ󶹸˵㻰ġ
Ӻɷ򡣡ʿ
ʮһӵͷţҾϵ˼
ʿʣдģô죿
ʮһ΢˼һµҾŸѽ
˵Żӣʿʡ
ԣҾŸ磬޵дʲôᣡʮһӽĲˣҲ޵һ
΢΢ա
ʿɵ¶֮飬ȷʵŻӸŻȻ츣ϰա
šʮһæͷԻȥԷ
ѾŻӰˣʿҲټ֣Уͻȥдݼ٣ϿΣҪвȻĺͳд
ãʮһĶˣҲĲѧﳭдѱīֽźװΪѸ١
ֲˣʿʡ
ʮһӵ۵ġ
ʰô죿
ʮһӷǳؽ͵ΪҵԷһ
ʿҡͷʧЦ
ʮһʰϣͳѧܡ
ʿҲųȥˡ
˻վǽǡ
ʮСŸ磬ʮһ
ƵߣǸȥ
˸ʮһ뿪̫ѧʮһӱıߣȫû˸ղŵۡۺͳӣֵֻһԶԡ
ʮһ磡ʮӺ
ʮһͣǰҿ˿ûпˣΪԼˣƵıı
ʮһ磡ʮֺһ
ʮһ̻ͷʮܣŸ硢㡢߽Ͱ˸磬ܵ˸ǰŸ磬ô
ءʮӵ
ŸʮһˣʮһӸˣҸʲô
ʮʵʵ˵棬Ȼ󿴵ʿ㳭
ʮһЦס
ʮӼš޵ġ
ʮһӵЦʧ
ŸҲʮӵ
ʮһӿƵŸ磬Ҳ
ƵͷǶˡ
ϵȿģȻŸǲʮƵ˵
ʮһؿʮӣϵ㣡
ʮŵ㡣
ʮһӵÿζҳ顣
ʮӽͣβϵѼ
Ÿǿҳ飡
ѽʮӵͷ
㻹ѽӶ𣿡
ľжʮſȱߵ
Ҷʮһ
ʮӵúó飬಻Ѽ
㻹˼Һúѧϰҽ컹Ҫĺƨƨ
ʮӸϽܡ
ʮһ׷
ʮ֪Լܲʮһ磬תͷƣסƵȣƵ
û취Ѻޱ˺ˣʮһܡ
Ÿ磡÷ˣʮһӵ
ãҲû˵ѰƵ
ʮһˣرûӡ
ưο鲻˵ģʱҲ飬𣿡
˵ͷ
ʮһƵĻҲǵøǳ飬Ҳöˣš
ȰԣҪʮˡ
šʮһӿʮӵԭ
ʮӿˡ
ʮһӵɡ
ŸòױˣʮӲԸ
ʮһӵŸ磬㲻Ҫʮء
Ƶû¶ͱһ
Ҳҡʮһ˫ۡ
ŵƸϽʮӡ
Ц
ƻٰѡԼʮһܣʿô㳭ģ
ʮһһӣ̾һ
Ц
ʮһӵϵӵĴ
ôˣʡ
û¾ԻԻöö࣬ҶȻʿҿԻʲôûлشȻʿˣ˵Ͽ˵ֳԶԴģַҳ顣ʮһС֡
˻ӶСֿ˿ᣬʲôˡ
ѽʮһӰ̧Щø㿴
ʮӲ廰ϵ֣ϵѼ
Сʮ㣡ʮһҪʮӡ
ʮŵֱգ۾
ʮһӵûôܵܣŻޣҪ˵ȻҴӴ
ʮܵţﲻȻ󡸺ߡһ
ʮһܷԭһ󣬴ߴߴİ׺һȰţøϷ㡣
һƵģϵʳһɨ⡣
̫𾪵Ա𣿡
˵ͷ
ʮһŶӵ극Ҫ˯ˡ
ʣ㲻Ҫ𣿡
˯ٳ
Ҳʮһӣ̫˵һ󣬶뿪Ȱȥݡ
ڻ֮ϴߵ鰸ǰ׼飬Ȼžž
˭ʡ
Сʮһʮһ©˵
ЦЦ
ʮһЦݵرˡ
һۿʮһӵĻӣʣʲô¶
ѧϰʮһߵƸǰ
ѧʲôϰ
ҺͲʿ˵ʾŸ硣
ѵʮһôѧҲûоܾʮһӵóһ飬ʣôô۽ǣ
۽ǾϵҲѽʮһӵ
ʿû𣿡̯鱾
ûʮһӺܳʵ
Ʋ켫ˡ
ʮһСָָһ۽ǽͣ˵û
Ͽ˵ʡ
ϵͬ˵ġʮһӼһ۽ǵϵڳԵģĺúóѽȻȻҾûʿ˵ʲô
̲סָһ۽ʣأ
ϵ˯û
أ
ʿ˵Сû
ôãһЩ޹ؽҪˣƲʣϿεʲô
û۽ǵģҶʮһӺԺ˵һᱳأ
ַ˼ҳȻʮһӵЩôʲʿ
ҵһѽܹʮȥʡ
ɻʣΪʲôҪܹʮ
һһʣ̫鷳ʿ
Ʋɵøп
ţʮһԱߵϣɵСǿʼɡ
Ƶáʼ鼮
һ¡ʮһӺȻ
̧ʣôˣ
ʮһ⿴ȵʮܣʮҲҪѧϰ
ʮҲˣʡ


211 
, Ⱥọ̈ܺҾʮһӵ
ƿ˿ʮһӵĶȡ
ʮһ׾Ÿ˼, ȵҳ, Ⱦͳ
ת⡣
ʮܽŸ磡
ʮ, ̫ʮһ
ʮӵܺÿѼҸоá
ƨƨ
ƨƨ
ˡƴСֵ
ʮһѸ˸ղŵ, ƨƨӣʮѺõá
ʮӡ
׺С־ܵһϡ
ƶѾϰˣʣ𣿡
׺Сһ
Ƶͷ顣
ʮӺʣŸô˵
ʿϿΣϵȷġʮһС
СʮʣΪʲôȷ飿
Եʲôѽʮһӽ͡
ŶŶŶʮСƵĵͷ
ûСӵĺ, ʮһӲĵطȻӵһĵطʼʣʮһܣ仰𣿡
ʮһӿһ۵ᡣ
һ
ʮһԻĸڣԶΣαз
ʣ֪仰ʲô˼
Ҳ֪ѽ, Ҷûʿ
Ƶûϵ˵˵Ϊ˼
ΪΪʮһͷĸڸǰͲҪԶӾ, ҪѧӾӾ
˵ʲôһʮһӵĶͷ
ʮһš
Ÿ, һᣡʮӾںڵСֵ
ƺ֪ʮӻʲôã˵
ʮģѧѧǻش, ϵ, ĸ, һӾ, Ҫ, ͸ĸһΡ
ʲôʲô
Ҳ㿼ǣŲŲӣʮһӺʮӸǰһһֵ˽͡
ʮһӺʮʵ̫ãʱʱпյطɢ˼άǷɢȷϡ
ḨҵĸĸĲף񣬱źܴļʮһӺʮӽŽҲɢɢûûʣ弸С£ʮһӺʮӶˡ
ϲ⣬ҵʮһӺʮϲķʽӹ£һֱһ붼ûнꡣ
ѽʮһӵ
ʮȤȻŸٽѼ¡
ʮһŤͷ㡣
Ҳ¡ʮӴͳһɫСţƣĸ˵Źգ
ϵơʮһͳƬ
ʮӵԴŸ硣
ŸƵˣʱˣš
ٽʮһӻԺܸߡ
㻹ҪΣ
ʮһصصͷš
ɡ
СʮһӹϷ񶨡
ʣΪΣ
ҵðЩȻճ飬ȻĻϿΣʿҪʮһͻȻȼѧϰ
Ƕôɹһ飬ȻԸȫʣţѧ
š
ȥϼšڴȰõģȥĸ
á
ƴŰ׺Сֵϼš
ʮָˡ
֮ưѺСʮ͸
ʮӻҪơ
ʮһӶŵҪҹѧϰģ㰾ҹ󣡡
Ƹ
ʮһӳɹʮӴˣ
ƸʮһӽΡ
ʮһš
һֱ˺
ʮһӵŸ磬Ϻ˯ɡ
ƣ
ʮһӿŴ⣺ôúѽ
Ƶ˸ء
ʮһ룬ϵҺѽ
ƿЦõʣô㣬ʲô
£ĸڣԶΣαзʲô˼Һ˯ͻһֱţǵεġʮһƲͬ⣬С첻ͣذȰȡ
ˮ
ʮһСȰȵشϻվƸǰ
Ƴ鷿
ʮһСȰȵظų鷿
ƸʲôʮһӾ첻ͣһһѵģƻͷʣʮһܣ۲ۣ
ʮһתϣһƵӣŸ磬Ҿڽ˯
һЦȥԡ
ʮһ۾Ժ˯
ˣƻǵСʱ˯һʮһֱѹϣѹجΡ
šʮһӻȥԡȻ˯һˡ
ǿһ飺ˡ
Ÿ磬ģҲ㡣
Ǿͺáƻ˵ʲôȻʮһӵıϢתͷһʮһѾ˯ˣ˯ΪԼ˯ŵģʮһӵıϢУܿ˯
ʮһûб

ʮʱˣҪʮһһ¡
ʮһˬӦãһŸ署¡
˫۾ơ
û취ܾʼСֽΡ
СĽζ
֪͹һ졣
Ÿ磬ϻ˯ʮһӵ
ʮӸŵҲ;Ÿ˯
Сƾܾ
һ§һȣƽġ
ƴӦˡ
˯ڴϣʮһӺʮӷ档
Ƹɴһ档
ˣ˺˵˯š
˹Ǹ˱ӡ
ڶƺʮһһȥ̫ѧ
߹ʮһֺ˯ģ
Ƶͷ
ˣ˻ӵ
ʮһӻеԺû˵ʲôҲûз
ܿ쵽̫ѧԿʼţϿΣһֱʱʮһӿĵܹŸ磬ʿ
ʲôˣʡ
Ҷᱳҳʮһӵ
һ佱ʮһӡ
ʮһӸ˵ĲˣŸ磬㻹ҽΰȡ
㽲ˡ
ΪΣ
ۡ
Ҹ㴷ʮһڡ
ƾܾҪ㴸
Ҹӡ
ʮһʮһ׷Ųƣ㼣鼰󹬡ũ˾̫ҽԺ̫ѧ
ƿС̫ˣһ棬ʱ÷ˣʱúЦʱܰģǵ˶˼
أļѹʧ
ϣضԴÿһգʮһӺʮӾĹͣǳһգҶĵġ
תһ¹ȥ
š
ŵݺܼ򵥣˵Ѿȫ¥ƹ
û˵߹ʡ
Ƶͷ
ܶҲ˵ɡ
˻ӵͷûӻص¥ƹӦƵ˵һһ¥ƹʵ۵ļء
пܣ߹
Ӻÿ
ȷʵ뿪¥ƹô꣬ŪȨġ˻Ӷ˶٣˵ôᣬ澭鶼㣬ܶǡ
пǰùٳǹܶġ
Ӹô찡߹ʡ
ƺȻվתͳ˷š
һ
߹ʣܵܣʲôȥ


212 㻹С
Ƶ
߹һɫ
ԡӦ
Ҳ߹׷ȥܵ, ȵҡ
˻ӣŵܵܺӹϵãгһգ¥ƹκ, Դæ
˻ӵӲ, ѧٹ򡣡
ͷ, һү, ǿҪԵ
˻飺Ҳȥϣ԰ӡ
ߡ
һš
ƿ˹ˣʣǸʲô
߹Ҳ
ˣ˵һտ԰æӡ
˻ӵͷû
ж, á
ĸ˿ʼϰֱ絶ǹꪡᡢ桢ޡﵡȵȡ
ոһա
һֱ¥ƹǱ߶Ƿƽ˾ġ
ǴκϷݿһ֧ѾŪݿĻ̻̣ơĻӡ߹Ͱ˻ӱǸŴȥǵɢ¾ۼ, ҪΪ
˴ףϱѾսȫʤ, ͵عٸ˰ʱ, 壬ֹٸ, ϰ, Ȼһصʹ
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ĻӵĿס֯õ, ܷү, ӻȥ, ס
˵˲̶ͬȵķ͡
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ʣÿܳʱأԴѾ⡣
˻ӵû
ŶΪ˿̿ࣿ¡ʡ
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߽㣬һѧѽ˻ӵ
߹üͷˡ
ƺһ⡣
¶ѺõЦݡ
߹ݺݵҿңҷǴɡ˵뿪ѧá
ʣãʲô
ȥ߹
̾Ϣһһ
ɲ׷߽㡣˻ӵ
Ƶϲ㡣
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߰߹ͻȻͷ
ʲô˻ʡ
һŰȻһ˶û߹
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˺ܿӦٴѧõӣʮһӺʮӳˢڸ⣬ӹƽƽ˳˳
תֹȥꡣ
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սͿĻӺھ
ĸ磡һ𺰡
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ǡĻЦݡ
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Ļӵͷţ
ھǸոȥĸ
ѽĿˡϲ
ھЩ
߹һ֮ǰﻹǲԸİ
ھ͵ΪĸһֱТ˳ûк⣬涼ĺܺãĸͬ⡣
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Ƶ٩Ӵ˵ã˵ãöӴĽˡ
Ц
ĻӺھЩ˼ˡ
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߹ʣΪΣ
һʮһܺʮҡڸʮһӺʮӽεĹУõܲסСӵˣܶһʱͶһʱ
С֪ĲףûôˣϢʱСӱȻ
һĻ˶֪ͬá
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žʣʱǶã
ڵʲôû˵
ܵȵĿ⣬ʲôˣ飬ȻʣͻȻ䲻ƶӣ΢΢ƿⷺ죬ЩӺæǶúܽûʱ˼
úܽ㻹Ƶ

ͻȻһ飬ס֡
һůҲޱȣƣĿҲƲ
ܿ˿ʣû˷ɣ
Ӧš
ʣҪҰæ𣿡
ãҿԡ
ƶ˶٣ֵѴһҪ˵
֪񴷴סƵ֡
Ī̤ʵʣ¥ƵҪã
ӱһա
Ƶĵʵռ㣬һɡ
šûΡ
̵Ͻ߰ɣҶ֪ġ
á岻һʱڣȷʵܾʵ̫ˣУһ棬Ѿ뿪ֿƣ㻹С
ЦǣһСײס
ҲףҲᶨסĿⶼϡ
Ƶͷ
񴻹뿪ˡ
û֮ǰĿ䣬һЩЩ⣬ֵĴ˵֪¥ƹУջ˼ת鰸ǰһЩ־˽һЩΡ
ĺܶʱռ־
ſž͵ӳ׵ӣס
Ӷֺ󣬻ʹﰲһʱ䣬գ۾͵ջļڡ
СջĶ࣬ҲǷա
¡۸˲ѣÿλѧӶЩκʳ
߹С󷽡
˻ѹһô󷽡
Цô˵ҪӴ
˵ʲôƳӰ߶ȥǺܶ¥ƹѧӱ뿪
߹ظſȥǸʲôأ
ҡͷ֪
ȥʡ˻ӵ
ĸ߳ȥ
߹סһ¥ƹѧʣλСӣȥĶ
ع¥ƹѧӵ
߹ʣٸոսӦǸյκãôֻȥ
¥ƹѧӻش𣺡ȥףµ۵ǻ
߹ʣµ۵ǻ
¥ƹѧӿĵȻ¥ƹµѽ
˭һʡ


213 
Ӧʶ, ѧʮꡣ¥ƹѧӵ
߹ʣɣ
û¡¥ƹѧӵ
һˡ
¥ƹѧӻŻӡ
ƻʶң
̫ѧ棬˭ʶŻӰ
ŶΪѧء
¥ƹѧһֱ֪Żӳ಻, 뿴, Ӿ, ̲ס֪ŻӸ, ʣŻӣǻ¶𣿡
ЩŵʣǸǻʵˣ
ǧȷǶյͬˡ¥ƹѧޱȿ϶˵
̲סʣôϻʵ۵ģ
¥ƹѧҡͷҲ֪
ʣ¥ƹλʵˣ
¥ƹѧӱŻӵɻģ⣬֪, Щ˼ҵûع֪
Ƶֹһܣһ˶֪ãлл㣬ǾͲˡ
, Żٻᡣ
ٻᡣ¥ƹѧˡ
Ҳһǡ
߹ĳΪ¥ƹĻʵˣ
Ӧ˼ٵġ
˻ӵ뿪κ꣬ûػλ
߹֪ôġ
Ƶȥʸʡ
˻ӽӻԣʿ϶õϢˡһ, ʵ۶֪, ˵ԼĺϷԡ
ȥͲʿ˵һ
߹ߴٵһЩ
ãߣһ׷ǡ
һĵµߡ
ûһ׷
һվĵµſڡ
ĵµ
߹Ҫʡ
ĵµ˵ںͱ̸¡
Ŷ, Ҫã߹ʡ
ū澲֪ĵµ˵
, ˳, æ
Ҳ
ûж˵ʲô, ɫص뿪
߹, ȥ͸˵
ĵµ߽ڣƬ̺󣬳롣
߽ڣ¡ŷŴ󾵣鰸ǰʲô

¡۷·Ŵ󾵣̧ʣޣ
߹ʣ˵ӳ¥ƹĻʵˣ
¡۵ͷû
дϲ
ʲôʱ飿
¡յ˿Ŀ⣺ǺܸȤ
˵ͷ
¡۵ͷҲǣǹϵ
š
¡ӣָָԱߵӡ
¡
񴱾Ǹɶõ˲ţڴκƽƽȻóǳ֮¡ŵ
߹̸ƨʺ
ͷ
Ƶ۹
˻Ӹ͡
һס¡۽ŵλعҲףѾѾ˼ҪڲѾĹùֶ֧֣ͬ壬ΪλΪɣ͢䣬Ѫϴ¥ƹ͢
Ѫϴ
ǸöҰ
һ
˵񴻹ˡ¡ּһ䡣
ΣƼʡ
¡ۿһۣ˽͵ǣƺϵãûж룬Ӧûʲô⣬Ȼץס̹ĶУԼˣ𣬹µȵС
Щۡ
ͷ
˻̾
߹̫ˡ
¡۵ͷţ̫ᣬ¶Щٵٰ꣬⵹׺ܶ࣬¶ػλٺܶ⣬ҪǳһıԲɣСģѱ֤ûǱ֮ˣȡ
һ
뵽һǰȻĴǰǿ㻹СܺͳסԲôסЩ롣
߹СӦܹðɣ
Ӧÿԣô
˻Ӳôߡ
¡۵ţҲʱսѣȶ֮ˡ
ƿ¡ۣʣʣǲҪȥ¥ƹףǻ
¡ۿڣ߹ȥɡ
Ҳȥ
˻ӵκ¥ƹö꣬˴˿໥ͬʣǺӹϵܺãȥĻкܴĺô
һû
ʱȥˡ¡۵
ΪΣͬ
˻ӵµ۵ǻʶǻȥİ
̫á¡۵
߹ʣ˭̫á
¡۶˶٣ǵġ
һ˴˿һۡ
ʣʣʲôˣ
뵽¡۸ոټǱɣʣʣǲˣ
¡ҡҡͷ
ʲô¶߹ʡ
¡۱˵ģĸŮѾˣԶ˽κ֮£߽̫ƽ
̫ƽһ
û¡üͷɵվǰŴⰻȻľɫǸɺˮ֮ʱ߽һЩҴգǴˣЩʳٺ⡣
Ҫǣ߹ֱʡ
ǲǱ߽Ѿгͻˣ
˻ӳĬ
룬ʣǲǱ޹
¡۵ͷ
ͷһ
ƳԺ󣬴κҲһֱƽƽ˳˳ģܱ߳ЩСĦ¡۶ͨս̸ķʽˣԴκŵʮ꣬
Ǵκ±޹
뱱޹ս̫ңҵİΪɣʹκϰպ±޹һЩҲǺµġ
Щ޹κغתȥѹեܱңûɧŴκ
κڶΪ˶ģǶȻ˼ɱ˱߽ϰգ¡ұ飬ƻͱ޹һսʣԸȥ߽뱱޹һս
˴󾪡
¡۲׵У
˸ŵʣӣŮҲȥ
¡۶ȻܾһضûУȻߵǰ£ο˵黹ûеսһ
ҪսƵ
¡۵Ͱźˡ
ʣȻˣΪη
޳¶ȥˣʲôʱɼң¡ۺȻѻתƵ˵档
һ
¡۷Ż޺˵ЩǺ˵±߽̫ƽ޹¶ʱȥ¥ƹף񴣬ݷŹȥɡ
˵ͷ˵
¡۵Ҫˣû¶ͻȥɡ
̧ۿ¡ۡ
¡ۻֵȥ
˲ߡ
¡ۿЦãô밤ˣ߿ߡ
һֱ¡۵ˣŵʱǸʣòŵʱ˭˭
òϣ¡иں󹬵ɺͻӹرãŬ£Щӵ¡۵ʣиͷ
¡ͷ
һЦ
¡۳һҪˡ
˸Ͻߡ
޾̫ǼСˡ¡
Цųĵµ
뵽޹⣬Լͬüͷ
޹ǿɺ޼ˣ
ǣ߹ȭ
˻ӵ֪γͻ᲻Ϊս
սսǣ߹ʮǰɱǴκٰնٽʿأ
Ǹʲȥ
˻ӳĬ
ƵܸòȥǶҪ׼
һƣʲô׼


214 
ƻص׼סʳҩĵ
߹ͣ, ˵ǾͿȥˡ
㲻ȥҲԸáûл
û, ǸϽ׼ɡ˻ӵ
ĸ뷨һ, һɨղŵǳƺͷŭ, һ̫ѧ, Ȼ׼
д飬ӣһ˶һ׺ͱžָǸ֬ĵĺʹҩ衣
ɾò, ֺһоκ߽ĵΣ޹ĵΣ޹ϰԺϴսʧܵԭȵȡ
ת֮ȥһ£ת
¥ƹѧӷ׷׻ص˴κ̫ѧ
һ˾
ȥһӵ顣߹ʡ
˴Ӧ
ĸ˲Ÿո߳ٴѧõţһ¥ƹװѧ, ߹Żӡ
߹ʣ˭
¥ƹһͨѧӣʯԴʯԴܵ
߹ʶˣʣʲô¶
ʯԴǱзţҽŻӡ
ӵţ߹ʡ
, Ѿ¥ƹı¡ʯԴӻһ, ݸơ
ƽӹţʯԴʣѧˣ
ʯԴʵش𣺡ˡ
뵽֪׵¶һֱûд¥ƹѧҳϸ, ǰʯԴ, ðװ׾, һ, ʣҵ, ģ
¡ʯԴһʧˡ
Ƶ㵹ǳʵ
ʯԴҲº;Żѵġ
ã㣬㶼ôģ
ʯԴʵʵ˵ڱδǻ֮ǰǽŸּڻعȻ»㱨Ҫ
߹廰֮䲻д𣿡
ʱУ¸ոյǻܶ鶼ȶץסѱԾŻӼ¡ʯԴ
ţġ߹
ʯԴƣҲ᲻ˡ
Ƶͷûӡ
ʯԴһŻӣûʲô¶һѧá
һ£Ǵ¥ƹջӦ֪˵°ɣһֱˡ
ʯԴص֪һЩƤˣûʲô󰭣ŻӲõġ
һͷǾͺá
ʯԴŻӣ紨ѧã£ʱҡ
ãȥϿΰɡ
ʯԴˡ
߹ߴٵܵܣţдʲô
Ͱ˻һ쿴
ܾдʲô˼ڴͥ²𣬿˶ߴˣֻӲͷƤ
˵ʲô֪Ƶģ͵ǲòģżѯơ
ֽٿ˵ʵ۵¶
ôģ߹ʡ
͸˵Ĳ࣬˵¥ƹ͢ҪרӦԣʱκܽ
ȷʵ¥ƹһǰӿġ
ͦʱͺˡ˻ӵ
߹һԴõġ
ӣǱˡѡ
Ҳǵı£Ҿͽ񴡣߹
вò˻ӵ
ҾͱС߹
ԡͰ˻һ
˵ʱƻڿţĿ͸ֽ桪㡣
㣿
ҲֻֽдһдĻʲôû˵ͻˡ
ӣ̲ס𣬺Ȼ˵˵Ͻֽϣװŷǻѧðɡ
һѧá
ŵʱһѧá
߹̧ͷܿ
ʣãڿʲô
߸Ķλ߹ߵλ
߸硣˻ӿ߻ӣֵߡ
߻Ҳˣþòˡ
رæ
æʲô߻Ӻһ
æ׼սʡ߹С
߻ӵҲҪȥ߽ˣȴȥ
Ҳץסؼʡ
߹żʣ˭ȥ߽ˣ
硣ѧҵãѧʱһײûͨͺ߻һѧѧϰ
˹ϵ׽ܷܶ࣬ΪˣסˣҲϵ
߻Сֳ߽ͻˣͬ͢
ô᲻ͬأ˻Ӳ⡣
ʣǲǷΪսɺɣ
û߻ӵ
ûд򣬺ʲôͣӽ˰ɣ߹
ѵãС㡣
߹
Ҫ˻ӵʲôʱ򣬶սɺɣеʱʵ㣬ѻʯҲûʲôãǴκô꣬ΪľǱκϰգ͡
߻ֱĵ±޹
¾㱱޹θ𣿡Ʒʡ
սҲô˵ģִ£ʾľ˾˵ȥ֧Ԯ߽߻ӵվҪ
ҲҪȥ߹
߻ӵʲӦģǶ̫Σգȥôʿ˧һ붼ˣ޹սȻҲ۸ҵġ
Ҳ£߹ĵ˵
˵ͷ
߻ģãȥҸʡ
ϣȥ¡ۣ⵽ܾ
߻̾Ϣһ
Ҳûз͵͵ظдţӵźͳе˽ⱱ߽չ
޹ֻڴκ߻ɱ߽ϰգӸ˾˶αϰգҰϰϳ
޹͵Ϯǣ˫˰ˡ
޹ƺҵĿںţһŸ¡ۣ˵Ǵκ˴˱޹ˣ¡۸⳥ȻǾҪΪȥֻع
Ҳǿս
ʱκϷֳֵ̰ۣ¡ɴȥ֣ɶӡ̫Ӻ߻ȥ̰ۡ
ٴðͷ¡ۻǮƽ㱱޹Ҫ
¡ȴɱ⣬սɵյԪ˧
һνƽ֣Žڽڰˡ
͢һ¿־
ȥ߽һܡ
ʱӴػˣֱӵ˴Ȱ̫¡
ϴôˣ¡۲ʡ
ֱӵʣս߽
¡۵Ƕ̫Σˡ
ΣգӦóǰȥӵʮǰ޹ռأɱǵˣǹȫ֣ˣٴ۸ǻҪ𣿡
߹ʣŮҲҪȥ
ʣΪ޹һսϲţȻѾףɶһֱǵ¶ΪԼ
˻һӣŮҲҪȥ
¡۴𶯣ǡ
ʣ֮ǿΪκһӵͷ­ѪϧƵ
ƶ̫ȵҲ
ת̫󣬼ᶨ˵ţĸҲҪȥ
㲻У̫ĵĲԸ⣺ȥˣĸô죿
ĸЩʿҲ׺̵ģΪ˴κȥս㳣˵ˣտ࣬տ࣬ϰʳȥΪ룬ΪǽѣΪṩȫסĿޱ޼ˡ
̫ۺ죬ǣҪϰΪأǱ޹ôµĵط˽ﲻȥֻƶһֱƽƽҲ
Ƶĸ㱣ô꣬뱣㣬ҿԱ㡣


215 
̫ݡ
ƽŵĸ, ȥɡ
ţǿԵġ߹ڴؿ̫
ĸѧô깦, Ϊǿ, ҲϣгһտΪκ
˻ӵסκ, ӵĻӹ
û, ֻдκãǲܸá
ӿܵãһֱ֪ܵϵգ׶ܵ˵Щʱ, ܵ˼𶯣鲻Խӿһֽ
¡ָжԺ
̫۾̬
˿ĿǺĸʡ
ӵǳˣԶһˡ
̫΢΢ͷ, ʲôû˵
¡ȴ֪̫ѾɿˣӣĺӣһǻѪΪκ, һɳô, ǳᣬսʿĵ˭أ
Ҫ˱
ѧϰ꣬ȷʵһЩ, ȥκ߽ʵʵڵİ, Ĭ, Ϊѵؿڣǡްš
Դϲ
̫͵̧ͷ¡, Ҫֹ, ûκȥֹǱʲôû˵֡
ס̫֣ĸ
̫ںһ仰˵
߹οĸǲ¶ġ
ԣǺġ˻ӵ
ǻƽġ
ʹҲſο
̫ůɬƵ֣źǣڿǻһһҪƽ
˵ͷš
̫Ŭסûп޳
¡֪̫Ҫƽһ£ϴǶȥ͸ĸ˵һ˵ɡ
˵ǡ
¡ؿƺȥ߽ǵĸ
Ƶһúúĸ˵
¡۵ͷ
˺¡̫һ뿪Ȱ
˸ĸ
ƺ˵ȥ߽֮¡
ؿ
ƺϼһգ̹ϵ̸ģ˵ӡ߹Ͱ˻Ҳ½õ˸ĸͬ⡣
ʲôʱԳ߹Ĳˡ
˻ӵҲҪº󡣡
ô߹żΪվͿԳ
ͣȥеģҪݡʿȵȡ
߹ͷŶŶ
ҪϤκʽƵ
ѾϤˡ߹
˻ӵҪͳһϤһ顣
ûƵ
ĸڽ̸ʱĵµλĵµҪ̸
á
˵ʱ򣬲Ӻڣбɵˣ
¡۵ɣ˵һ±߽
ǡӦ
һһɳֱ߽ĵص㡢ʽƵвԵȷ顣
ת֮͹˰¡
ڵ¡ѡĳӡ
һϾ׼Ŀף緢
¡̫ۡ˽͵ʹſڡ
¡һ
š
̫һƶ
ߵ̫ǰ
ֻ̫ϱĿףﶼǸССӣ˵˵֪꣬ϲʳˣִܶ˿ģ˻ĵء˴ҩȵ츣κϰա
춼ǰţֵĲˡ
ôͻȻͳôˣ
ã޳ͦΣӢе¿Աˣ˫΢Ƶյƶˣˣôô찡
š̫ͨ۾Щޡ
Ҫƽ
һƽģĸҪעӣҴܱ޹Ҵȥɽճ䡣ѹŲ
̫ѹĸ
ƵŻĸɽ
á̫̲סᣬ۵ĲˣʵҵСƶһҪһҪƽ
ţصصͷ
һֱͷᡣ
ĸĸˡƵ
̫ͷ
תǰߡ
Ÿ磡ʮһӺʮӺȻ
ʮһ§סƵĸ첲
ʮӱסƵȡ
֮ǰСӾ֪ƼҪȥˣ͵͵˵ذףϹҵĽƺͽţƸƣҪƴʤ̡
ȫ֪ЩԴûʲôá
ΪǰģƶˣЩնỹǣͷСӵʮһܣʮܣôˣ
Ÿ磬᲻㡣ʮһӱص
ʮӵŸ磬Ҷ
ʮһѾરˡ
ʮӱҲǰ޵ĺӣǸҪȥˣ֪ӺɷѪ᡹仰ŬȻĺõܵܡ
ѾûˣŸһװ뿪ʳǣڲޣһֱš
תͷһʮһˣҲˣ𶹶Ŵ䡣
ƵˡӺɷѪ᡹𣿡
ҡҽղӺˣʮһӿޡ
Ҳϵʮӵ
ƿЦá
ʮһӵŸ磬һӳ󣬺һ̡
һӳġƵ
ʮһӱ˱С죬һҪ޸ġӡ
ƸϽȻܺһ𣬴̣ʮܻкܴô
ʲôôСһ
չ˻ĸĸƵ
Сһͷһڲ̫
ƵҲڹĸĸоµҪǣҪ̫ڣҪһ㣬ڱ߽ҲԷģòã
ãʮһӺʮӸɴشӦ
ʮһӵҺһ𽽻ʱѾΪˡ
ҲȻҺͻĸһ𿴻ʮӵ
ʮһֵһͻĸʳɢ
ʮӵ춼ȥĸ
ƵҪúܺãһʱ򣬿Ҫĸĸѯǵıֵġ
Сӵͷš
ǷſҰɣúѧϰһ
ʮһӺʮ϶СΡûרעı֮Уڷſơ
ƺʹվһţ¡̫Ȼ̿սһͷˣдŲᣬԶսļᶨ
Ƭ̺һתͷǰ޴ʿʻʹҲԶǺͲĿ⡣
ܿƽֻб뷨ƺƵе⣬һ·ϡ
֮߹Աߵ⡣
߹Цݲõػ
߹죺ôҲڣ
Ҹȥ̰С塣
߹ֱ˵Զ㡣
аһ˲һ˲¶ʵЦݵǣ߹ְ˴ĿǴܵΪ˳㱣߹߹޵УְֱǶһ٣㣡
߹һۡ
˵ͷЦ


216 ս
, 񡣡
⵱Цݡ
ӵүǳɡ
ӵ
Ȼݿ̣Ǻ;ḻ, ̫, ˶, ԹԵظߡ
Ǵκս, սڵᣬ벻ǳ⣬ӡ߹˻Ӻ;ŻҲˡ
֪˺ܶ츣κյ¶, ŻӸеõ̫󡢻ʺ¡۵ϲд󳼶Ҳܸߡ
˽˵ǻӹװ׾˹˹ĵ, ⽿󣬵·;֮Уʲô״оٶȡ
һֱע˵һһ, ʲô׵ĵط, Ȼ˼ǻӹݣ洦ãܵս¡
һչȥˡ
չȥˡ
չȥˡ

ʮչȥˡ
ꡢˮ·ȵȶʱ, һûп, ʿͬͬס, ûлӹļ, һҲ
û뵽
ɵö˹Ŀ࿴, ˵սе飬Ȼʮգɵ߽ˡ
Ǳˣʡ
ĿǰǶʱڡ
ʣڵȴսʱ𣿡
û̾ˣʱ䶼о͵ȴʱ棬ҲΪЩʱսſԵӦ֡
ʮָȤš
˶ڴ˵
о˵Ŀ̲סͶ˵䣺ӦֵĻͿԷֳʤս˳ĻԲȵشҹҲУ󲿷ֶҪνսֳܷʤΣѾͱ޹սĴΣһƽ֣κˡ
ȥˣ֪ҪٴΣʡ
̾Ϣһ˵Ǵһ߸õĶпܡ
ģǺܿͻӮģ߹
˵ͷ
ӵû
Ǻõģ֪޹Ĳ֪սҪãѾúͱ޹Կ׵׼ӣܵȾãǾտ
˵տ
ãЪϢˣǼ
Ҳƽ
Զ״Ͻס
Ӽǰнʮա
û뵽оٶͦģаվ͵ˣͣø
߹ʣ쵽ˣ
Զû
˻ܣĵءĲݺͻУԶһЩݣû̵ӡ
ܷģ޹ռ򱱹֮󣬴αͳ˴κ޹ĵһߣǿ֪ܲʵȥ꿪ʼѾб޹½ɧŴαˡ
ŵϰա
ͷϰպ£׷ӣ걱޹䱾ɧţǰʱսһأ˽ˣ±ϰգͰϰǨЩطͻˡ
ģƺ߹һ
һ㶣û뵽ûӺ͹Ȼ˵׵Ļתһ뵽һ·ϵı֣ƺͺˣͻȻоŻӺ߹Ŀɰˡ
Ц
ĿᶨһҪǵ򱱹ء
Ͱ˻ӵͷԣ
˰ͷＫΪ⡣
ܿأԳԷˣɲ˹ţҶ̻ʵظʱ䣬ѾӦ
ܿ췹ϣҶûͣ·
αʱһЩϰϼҴڵسʣʲôˣ
ɫȻأ޹ˡ
ʣô֪
ƱԶߵײƳŵˡ
󾪣ϸŻΪʲôץסһϰվ
޹ˣһһֵŲסˣǿӣǡ
ǴκԮǿ߰ɡ˻ӵ
Σա˿ѹѹʿ޹£̲סѣΣţ
˻ӵǲ¡
̳αأǾϿڣǺʹһ
²˳٣Ǿȥ
ǡ֮һ㣬顣
ǧϡ
κöӭƮ
αصĴκϰպʹκʿ״˷ܵԮˣԮˣ׷ó·
˺ֶȳαأѪأһƬı޹ʿӿ롣
ɱŭһ
һֱš
˱ɱУϽһѪ
ͻȻһϤӰײУƶȥһѪӰһ
磡
̳Ĺԥǰȥ
һһһ
ӵÿջͷһۿһ׵ľŵܵܣд硢ܵܡáúͰ˵ܵܡ
磡ƺ
ΪԼҪˣû뵽·תŵܵܵ۾˲ˣǻϣ϶޳ˣѧ˼ǿ
̴磡
ŵܵܣôˣ
Ȼ̵ġ´ӣô
Ӻ˵ƤˣҪ
Ǿͺá
һѷĵһƿӣһŽ߷ɣϵһֱֱ뵶˵ؿڣ̱
ûͣһ䡸㱣ءǰ壬ڱӵˡ
ŵܵܣСġӺ
ûлӦеĻţɱһһʿ
ǰúƽˣϲѪǱ޹ôκȹѪ̫ˡ
뷴һûʲôȵϱ
ʹӵ˶ûƽӣһ·ɱһ㣬ƾˣһɱһɱһ˫κĲҲʱˡ
޹ʿոոǵƱѹǿΪ׾ŻӵˣħһϯǺˣһس
Ƶ˼ǰ塣
Ȼκʿһһʿء
ӴһСģ
ŵöƣ
Ƶ֪αصĳѾ٣κ뽫һɱ޾ܱ֤࣬κ˵İȫǱ붥Žǰ塣
Ȼһ֧䵽ϡ
̵ء
ܵܣ߹һ
һϹһ䣺û¶Сġ
߹һҲϵ
˱ս
ٿ߹ӹǰȥǶס꣬ƺ߹ȫس塣
ƺ߹ǰȥڵ޹ǰѾս볤֣Ƕ˼С
ʱһֻơ
ƻûüֵһֻǹѼɣһ
ƶһ¥ƹѧʯԴ
ŻӣʯԴ
ƾȣʯԴô


217 
ʯԴŻӵģ
ָľ񴡣
ɱһΣ
ܺáʯԴơ߹, һɱһߵܿ͵
Ҫƾȡ
ʯԴԡ
ʣ¥ƹǺܶ𣿡
¼Ҫ
Ŀȵġ
߹ڵܵܣͻȻԷ˺öಽ
ƵСĵ㣬һʿС
ã߹
Ҹǿ·о
ơ߹ʯԴ˽ųǰ, һ˲Ѫҽ, ҽ, ·˵һ, ǴκǱ޹ɱۣͿ˭ݣ˭ǿ˭С
ǳѹƵĴκ
ϵ¶ûƴɱ, ɱı޹ʿǳˣװû򱱹ȥ
߹ȥ׷
ס㣬Ҫ׷ˡ
Ҫɱǣ߹ݺݵ˵
ƵҪ嶯Ǳǵפˡ
Ƕǵĵأ
ƽ͵֪, ˵ǱҪΪǼӱԼ, ǻҪǶνս, Ҫ򱱹أҪһʱھͷǼӱȥ, Ҳ׼һεĽս
߹, 侲á
Ƶȥɡ
ߡ߹
ܿ˿, ʣأ
ʯԴղŵ̫, ɢˡ
û¶ɣ߹žʡ
ƿ߹һۡ
ʯԴû¶, ʱ߻ӺͰ˻ӵˡ
߹ͷ
ơ߹ʯԴʮκʿߣƴɱʱ򣬸ûעʱ䣬߲ŷҹĻѾ٣߽֣˰ʱû߳ȥ
ô¶߹ʡ
ܻ˵·ˡ
߹ü
ʯԴǺ·ĵش
߹ˣͼᵽط
Ҳ֪·ĵشʵս۵ͬ
ô죿߹ʡ
Χûб޹ıˣЪϢһҳ·ܻ˵
á߹
ƵҾ͵Ϣһ
ʯԴ֮⣬ơ߹ʮʿǸŴ󲿶ҹ̶ʮգһαؾƴɱ˰գҲۣϽϡ
ʿ̾
Ʋʣ㣬û¶ɣ
߹ɵû¶Һء
ʣ𣿡
Ҳ£ҾҪɱˣ߹ᶨ
Ц
ʯԴĴָ߹Ůкܡ
߹ǫҲǺܡ˵Ҳʵ
ʯԴæǡ
߹ʣˣôģ
ʯԴҵ֪Ҫ󣬾ͻ¥ƹ˱£ȻҾαأǲʱ䵽ġ
߹û¥ƹˣʣһ𣿡
ʯԴͷš
㹦򲻴
ʯԴ㣬ֵĻ治֪ǿģǫѷȲ߹;Żӡ
ȻҺ͵ܵ൱ġ߹ĲС
㣬Ҫǫ顣Ƶ
߹һЦʣܵܣеġ
ƵҲУòҪԡ
߹뵽ĶǸɵģûˮ
ûϴˮģսʱ򶼵ˡ
ðɡ߹Ӧ
ƴӻͳӣ׼𣬿һ˾ϣҲָ룬Ȼȷȥľ巽򣬽ž̲סͷ
ʯԴˡ
߹Ҳ̫ù˰ɡ
Ƶǵþ뿪ߡ
߹һ
ʮ˸˶ǴӴκϹģͼϤΣʵϻкܶ಻˽⣬һû߳ȥ
߹߲ȥ
ʯԴҲЩżˡ
ʿЩš
ƽûϵߡ
߹ʣܵܣ߳ȥ𣿡
ܡƵ
߹ûʲôߣʣôģ
ָָ䡣
ֱ𣿡߹һֱ֪Ƶá
Ƶԡ
߹ͷˣͷžŻߣϾͿ߳ȥˡ
ƵȻӹܹһʿѾܵ˼֪ӹǺԼһģǴƺ߹߹ţҲˣһǣ
ƾĲͬһֱһߣ֣߳ͬʱҲֱ۸ܵĴ꣬Ǻˮһ㣬еˡ
ǱԼеƻӦþǴαءƵ
еԶ˹ȥʯԴ
߹ͷꡣ
ܲȫˣûҹֱۣ治Χǵƴɱʱм¶Щ¶λúڵλÿ϶ǲһġ
һ£ֻô¶΢⣬鿴Լ£߹ߣҵȻ¶
Ƶǵꡣ
߹ܵ˲á
ȥɣȶһ㣬ЪһЪƵ
ʮ˸˷ֱ¶
ƺ߹ӻͳһѵģָʿǡ
Ƶˮ԰ɡ
ʮǸжѡ
ʯԴ̾ƺ߹װôġ
߹ǴСϰװĵġ
Ƶͷûҳˣ΢ϢϢ޹ǴˣһʱǲõĲżһҸڷźţƽͣٻȥ
߹ԡ
ӹʿͬڣʿǻʲôɵĵģһЩĴģ˵ľͺ˯ˡ
߹š
ʯԴ̫ˣĵطûС
ʣ䲻䣿
߹䡣
ƵҪˣͿ˯һ
ܵҲҡ߹
á
߹˯ţ˯˯ţجΣμƻѪŵһܵܣ
جˣʡ
߹ͷǺˡ
ʣμʲôˣ
߹еĳμһѪ
ﶼ෴ġ
߹Ҳ֪Χģܣ˶ܣֿƼͷܵܣǶû¶ġ
ġ֪߹ټǿղôɱ¾ٻЩӦ¶תǻҪؾǳɼҵء
߹ܾҲҪɼҡ
ΪʲôҪɼң˳һʣ˶ʹ⣬߹ûкúûش߹ֻܹȥ
֪߹ͻȻ˸е˵ɼңûмˡ
ʲô˼Ʋס
߹ɼԺ󣬻ʹٽҼңǽңŵļҽзҽżңҾûмˣ̫ˡ
˭˵Щ
׾һףǾͻԶңΪǷˣ־ǻʼˣʱҶ֪Լʲôˡ߹
룬һֱܳ׾ԭ򣿡
š
㲻⡣
ţϲ߹ϲĿ⣬Ҳֹһθܵģ⣬Ҫͼ˷ֿˣһֱ˵ⷳˡ
һֱ֪߹ˣû뵽⵽ֵزû취ƾһ֮ıķףӰߵˣ÷õķݻ㣬Ҫ£ϲȥϲ¸ҵȥϲҲãҲգļңĽ㣬Զ㣬Զ䡣
߹۾ᣬʣ˵ģ
ģҿˣˣҲˡ
߹ʣϱԸء
ſڣϱ
һԵʯԴûƺ߹ֹ˵ʲô䡸ϱʶؿơ
ӲͷƤϱ⡣
߹ʣأ
϶⡣
߹ĵҪǽء
Ҿ
á
ģҡƶһ£ϱʱ֪ˣԺĽǽļҡ
߹ůͷƵļͷͻȻˡ
Ϊ߹ˣ˵һЩо̫Ծʶ߹Ķͷ̵һ¡
ˣ
ֲýհﻰͳˣʱ˿̲ŷ֣ǡʱȲһС¶οİĵطСսۣ߹ͷϺϡ
ʯԴʣŻӣôˣ
Ƶ߹ˣҵøϽشαҽΡ
滹ءʯԴ
ţһ˻ȥƱ߹
ôԣʯԴ̫һ·ΣգοŻӻ߹
ƼᶨҲÿԣ
ʯԴҲѵֵۣ߹ϣҺһȥ
ʿҲҪ档
ƱŵͣߵģԱܶΣգûͣ˼ֻӲͷƤˣ뿪¶ӭߵǰ󲽿Уû̧ܵ꣬ײһ˫ڵС
ݡǵΧʿʯԴӲĿڣӡ
ֱֱơ
Χĵģƿݣֻоθߴ࣬Ҳǿܶ࣬Щҽ㷢ˡ


218 
ɫһݣ
ǣƥս
żȷҽ
񴽫ɡʯԴ, Ʒ߹
Ƹ
Ҳ󣬵ס߹, ʣµĽҡ
ĪİС
ͷ, ʯԴ, Ǵʿǻȥ
ֶ˵ǡ
Ƥ, ƺ߹ͷϺϡ
˲赲⣬ͷů߹
, ˮ˷Ĵȫʪ͸ĿᶨǰʻסĶδ򻬣ʻα, ˡ
һо·ƽ˳
ֱֱʻα
ڴڵţ֣˴, ɼú;ŵܵܣ
硣Ƶ
һ, ŷǰˡ
ۣƺ߹ͷ
, ߹
Ӽ״󾪣ôˣ
ˡƵ
ȥáתܡ
, ȥĶϤ
Ӱһ˸񴡣
߹һ
ӡͰ˻ӴҴҸϹ
ŵܵܡͰ˻һ𺰡
֪Ҫ˵ʲô, ƸϽû¶, 귢, 㣬Щ
صǰ鿴
ƼԱ߿š
Ƕȥһ£û˿ڻж֮ġ
߳ӡ
ʣŵܵܣȥĶˣ
Ƽ˵һ£æʣ硢硢ⶼô
˻ӵû¶硢ȥҾ˾ս飬ȥˡ
Ƶĵʣǻ棿
ӵѾź֪ͨǣһ͸ûˡ
ܵܡ
ƿȥ硣
ܹקƵĸ첲ʣûˣˣ
ûУҺܺáƵ
Ȳʣ߹أ߹𣿡
ζؿһ۵ûˣˡ
Ϊʲôᷢȣôż
ӵ𼱣Ρ
ĻŵĲˡ
ƼҲġ
һվãڳˡ
һʣ߹ô
ȥץҩ
Ÿɻȥץҩ
׿ʣ𣿡
ⷴʣûз𣿡
ûӣֱȥץ
ǡҸҩ߹ʲô
ͷ߰ɡ
Ͻߡ
ͷŵܵܣϢɣýˣ귢ȣûʲô⡣
Ȼ˵ûʲô⣬Ǿûˡ
Ƽһ
ѯƺ߹ʲôˡ
ְֻ龭˵һ飬Ȼ˵°ػġ
£
üƵģýұ£˽ͰǰĽзͿˡ
ٽҲ̫ʣǾ͸ĿڣлӾ֮
ͷ
˻ӵ϶ʪģϽȥѰɡ
ԣϽѡ
ȳӣɡ
񴿴һơ
Ƶԡѡ
Ÿߡ
㿴ƵܵܣҴȥԡ¡
ƿ߹ڵӡ
˻ӵŵܵܣģš
Ʊߡ
·˽Ŀǰαߵĵ
ûͳƳƲ٣ļʱȻ硭
Ҵκܱʹļͷû򱱹أ޹Ĳؾ
ֱֱؿƣͷá
ȥԡ׼ͱ޹һνս
ͷ
һһǰܵܣϾס
áƵͷֵˣסĶ
ᰲš뵽ݣֵ˵ǹЭǴ޹ģһûʡ
ţһͷʡƵ
ԡ󣬺úϢռ˵뿪
ƽӣӲ󣬵ǸеĶУˮѾ׼ãԡ󣬻ϸˬѣĽ裬ȥ߹
ڴš
ʣˣ
תͷѾˡ
Ƴһ
ʣ𣿷ֹܺȵġ
ˣҲ𣿡ʡ
ӦúˣҸղž˸ˡ
ƵͷʣסĶ
˵˵ص㡣
ţȥӣʮʿûСתߡ
Ѿˡ
ƲӶһ£ȥӵл
ʣղû𣿡
ٵһΡ˵꣬Ͻ뿪ӡ
ķڳŵߣԶ˵ӡ
ѾԡκķΣһпԵøĸߴͦΣ˷кͳУǺÿƲۡ
Ʋɵͣ²ӣţһӵĶԻ
Ҳϲӡ
ʣõˡ
á
Ӳʣﲻã֪Թʹκѡɹ⡢ͨ͵ضõӸ񴣬ʵ벻ﲻˡ
֪ˮá
硭¥ƹ֮Ķܶ࣬Ӳɵûɣʣķˮã
ͻȻо⻰е㲻̫ʣˮҲ˶ãͶһ˲á
ʲôˮӲ⣬δš
ｲͷܶࡣҲˮһӰɡ
Ҳ÷ˮŴѧʣǣ浽ѧʣǶŮҪѧϰ¶ѧ书УҲʣʲôӵģ
ʣŵܵסļ䣿
һ㶣Цˡ
һƽӣסԱ߾ˡ
ӲŶԣǴСϵͺá
ûͷ
ӵŵܵԱмӣҴȥ
ͷ
Ӵߡ
رĵѯϵˡ
ӵƤˣŵܵüʱûʲô¶
ӻͳһƿҩݸӵ¥ƹõҩܿϡ
İллЦŽӹ
˵š
Ƽ״ߡ
ӭϣӿĵغŵܵܡ
֪ʣ磬ȥĶ
Ӱ龭˵һ顣
ȻסҸڣҴȥɡ
УϢȥá˵ߡ
ƿ񴡣
Ҳơ
ǺЦƭ硣
ʣʲôʱƭˣ
ҲǳԴκģǸӾǺܸߣ߳һͷӣưοԼܳ΢΢̧ͷʲôˮסҸڡ
񴿴־µ٣ճһĻߣ͸ĿǡôҫۣȻˣֱӣĿƫ𴦡
߰ɡǰߡ
û
߰ƻק䡣
Ŀ䵽޳ָϣļð˿˿ƵĻϲЦţ̲סһ


219 
ǰת͵ˡָǰ
񴡸šһ
Ʊ߱ʣҲǽյαص𣿡
ش𣺡ԡ
˵¥ƹڶôվ͹ˣʯԴ˵Ҫһʱܵ, ʵûϵվͼ񴡣
ѾĲˡ
ڹ¥ƹǱô죿
ùú͵ܴܵƲ˽⣬ܵùþ¥ƹĴ󳤹, ܵͬĸ߻, ڴκʱ, һֱΪ¥ƹ, ϻλ
ġп󣬽ʣ˵ǵģ
ҲǰԼ
ʣô˵
Щ޹Ĵɧ, ռأ¥ƹջ̤ǵأԸκһ֮
ĵл
ֻǸʵҪǿԼ
Ƶͷ
ٿ뵽֮ս, ô걱޹ˣڴα˿ȻѰʱһδģĽ
ƵǾ͵ء
ЦЦ
˼ǰ, ʣʲôʱߣ
ʣȥĶ
Ƶһ޾
֪ʲôʱ¥ƹ, ¥ƹ޾
֮أ
һ¥ƹһգٹ
ƴת䣬ʣҲ˵, ᳣
ͷ, 뿪, ұ㲻
ͣ, 񴡣
ʣôˣ
, ʣ¥ƹã
Թһ£ӱޣʱҡ
ҲԶȵκǽˡ
ͷ
ˡɿ䡣
񴿴һƵָĿǰӣʣһ˭ס
֪ûסתնлȡ
ͷܡ
ƳߣϢ
¾Ϣʡ
ѾʱҲǺҹˡ
صͷߵǰȴûţתͷơ
Ƹ֪Ŀ⣬׿
Щӡ
Цź񴡣
ʣô硣
Ҹˡ΢΢°͡
ģĺܣĿѹĳֳ嶯ơ
΢һ£ʣʲô
ظơ
ʣôҾŻӣ
һһҸˡ
һѧ
ߵǰ֡
񴲻ʣʲô
̫ѧҪÑոѧ˵ȻҲҪÑ
ѻˣǮ֮ʱϡ
ȻһöͭǮ
ͳŵƵģָƵģļ΢΢·ϸ̵֮Ҷһ㣬ϣơ
ƻ񴡣
˶Ӻܾá
ƹ飬񴣬ÿӴһ١
ͷЦûӡ
´δҪңҵĻֵǮģһǧ𡣡
֣صá
ˣҪȥ˯ˡתߵԼǰƿţ߽ȥš
վԭؿŽյš
һûСƶɳ˺ܶ࣬ߺãÿˣǷݽﻹڣ޿κΣ̲סȥ
ЦЦת߽Լӣ뵽ھƣ˿˿Ƶһǽ֮ƽ̫ˣɵϾ˯ˡ
һ磬ʣϴϣһžͿſڵ񴡣
ˡ
ţ硣Ƶ
һȥ緹ɡ
šתͷʣ֪Ķ緹𣿡
㲻֪𣿡񴷴ʡ
ȷʵ֪ȥ߽ɡ
ͷ
߽һԺӣһԺһɲ߹
㡣ƻһ
߹սܹܵܡ
㡭´߹
Һˣ߹ǵСȣʲôΣҲܺܿõġ
ƹеʣûʲô
߹ܺõûУõúܡ
ãƿ佱
߹ǡ
߹÷ˡŷ˹ˡ
߹˵һȥʳóԣʲô
΢ЦҲû¶
Ҫ͵ܵһȥʳóԡ߹
֪߹ģƱȰһƬ⣬ͽܰɡ
ǾͶųʳʳãٳԡ߹
ȻӻҲԡ

˲߹
߰ɡ
˳ʳߵ·ϣӺͰ˻ӡ
ʣ磬Σ
û¶ӵ
ûпӺ㣬ʣ͸أ
ܵȥ޲Χǽͳţʿˣȥ֮ġӵ
أ߹һ۾ˡ
һȥʿˡӵ
ʣͳƳ𣿡
̾Ϣһһ롣
ƼͬʱĬɵսȭͷ
ӵһЩ޹ϰˡ
Ƶһȥ
˵ͷš
ܿ緹Ƽһ˽
ҹձʱѺˣûпʲôգϵľ衢ҶӺˮδɾİ߲ѪǽһƬԵؿյĲҡ
Ӻ˵ȳ֮⣬ܵ˼ĳ
߹ҧгݵȺĶ
˻ӱ˼ˡ
סʿϰʰǰȥ˻
Ӽ˴Ӧ
ƿ񴡣
һ𡣡
һ𵽽һҩ̣ɻ˺ܶ˵ϰպʿ
żҽڸ˰
Ƽ˶һЩİǰ
һȺæͣ
Ƽݣǵһʤ
ʤ߹⡣
ûʮǰǴκ뱱޹սȫû򱱹أмССͻǶǰˣǵһΰѱ޾ϳȥ˸ϣȻʿǵѪǰģǶΪֻģ
Ƽͷ
ҪѹκиҪǱˣЩӹڣʿһΪǱ𣡿û򱱹أ˵
Ƽ˸жּǣǻҪǰ塣
ƵǼ
áȥдţߵҲῴϣҲԿסɵѹ
šƼӦ
ְƼ˼䣬ȻдŸ¡ۡ
պ¡ڴȰյţϲʤ
̫ϽʣΣΣ
¡۵αסˣΪδαҲҪʧȥôκԭΣˡ
̫󼱼ʣƶǡǡ
¡ۼ˵Ƕû£
ӷ𡣡̫˫ֺʮл죺ӷ챣ӣ챣ӣ
¡ϸ̫˵ϵݡ
ʮһӺʮԱš
¡۵ھ͸ǻš
ʮһӵʣҲҪŸš
дʱ򡣡¡۵
ʮһӿ̫ĸҪþŸ鷿
̫ƣڴȰ鷿ϢҵȵȵطҲʮһʮ鷿дֹȥɡ
ʮһӸϽƵ鷿
ʮӸź棺ʮһ磬ȵңȵѼ
ûһСſ鰸ǰ
ʮһֳëʣȰŸʽдȻдŸ磬Сʮһ뿪춼
ʲôʮʡ
ʮһŤͷʣġ롹ôд
ʮӵҽôСô죡Ҷľн̫ѧ
ʮһͷ
ʮ̫ѧϵôϵİ롹ֶд
ǲᣬ벻ʮһΪԼͣ벻ͻˡ
밡ʮӴߴ٣һţûд꣬ʾͲˡ
˵ˣ벻ѽʮһӵ
ʮӶֽŵ벻໭Ѽ
ʮһתͷʣô
ѽʮӵ
ʮһӲʣʲô˼
ʮҡͷԵ˵죬ϵ롹˼Ѽ
ʮһéٿ۾ѽʮܣ


220 
ϵʮӴߴٵʮһ, 컭ҲŸ翴
ʮһӵܻ㡣
ΪΣ
̫ˣֽװµġ
ʮӺܺ˵صдֽٻҡ
áʮһӻС
ʮԴԶԶ, ϵģ
, Ҽдʮһӵ
ʮСƵĵͷš
Сһһд, ȻдĿĿİ, ̬ȼΪ棬д硣
λӣд𣿡ֹѯʡ
ľСʮתͷ
ֵº̫ѾдãϾҪˡ
ϵ, ǻľдѼʮż
ʮһӵһҿдˣ
˵Сת
ʮһӺʮӼòˡ
ū澣ͻر¡ת
֣һ¡ʮӺסֺ, Ͻʮһӵʮһ磬Ÿ֣
ãʮһӻæձʣī
ʮҲſֽϴ
Ӧøˡѡ
ʮһֽۺãװ, ݸ֣ˡ
ŷ߳鷿
СӸֵС
¡Ѿһš
СӾöۣ
¡Ҳ, ӳԺǵĸѯʱ߽֪߽, һܵĵµѯ, ҪдŸӡ
׼ˡ
ĵµ, ɡȵﲻ, и¡ʳЬӵȵ֮, ϸůġ
һ˲ЩǸǺǡҲûа취֤֪û취µֻǵš
Ȱյ̫һţһˣҪСʮһš
ְŽ¡ۡ
¡ۿҲûһ𽻸ˡ
˴ʹ
ʹ£ְǡ
¡ۻ֡
ʹ뿪
ʮһʣʣŸʲôʱյѽ
հɡ¡۵
Ҳ֪αˡ̫󲻽üͷ
¡ۿԶ붬ˣ޹ճɼ룬ϴʧأһڴѩ֮ǰ´αأ¿Ѿڽαˡ
αزŸոܴ̫ǵ
¡۵ƶƣӭս׼ˡ
̫ľæȥ
ָϽš
һҪȫһҪӮ¡۵Ƽˡ
Ƽڴαصĳ¥ɱУϴδ˱޾һֱ֪޾ٴͻϮ
Ȼ
ҹʱҲ賿ĵӣǴʱ޾ѹ
ѹѹһƬڹٻûУˣ֪ͨˣѸټʿ֮ǰĲƻû⵽޹ͻһֲ
ʱ򵽴ʱ
αһѱ޾ʬ塣
ƿǿԿӭˣ
ţ
Ƽ³¥ţһɱ޾𣬻׽˼ڡ
ǴκһϵʤκҲûʲô
ʱһƬˮĻ
һЩʿžͿˡ
ڼֻǸոտʼ޾ưոݣǲ£ǻʤ
ʤʤʿ
Ƽ˻ͷؿԷЦˡ
Żӣһݡ
æסǸʲô
ˣ롣
ЭĽҪ̧ңǻǼѵּƴС
ţԽλκǾŻˣŵȥ⣬
˵ǼʵǰѵϿõĶȫѹãò˵һջķᡣ
ʳԣͳȵȣպһʳ˹
ʳˡ
˼ˡ
ƵҶĴ̣Ƕŵġ
еʱ򣬻߹
˻ӵǵҪС
Ƶǿ԰ʱЩʰһ£ǻЩؾͻǣǲǾΪ
æԶԶԣٺúЩ򼦵ġ
Ҳͷ̣֪ʲôʱءҪ򱱹أ򱱹ջǴκѾûкͱ޾ˣĿǰȷǱߵľҪٹ۲۲죬ܿǳ
ǲ֮󣬾ءƵ
Уι򼦡
պƼں˲һЩʿӱߵһɻ
Ҳ˰߹Ťͷ
ϴνս󣬻¥ƹգոոչ߹ͷš
ũ𣿡ʡ
֪񴲻ᣬƵҽ
ƽҡ
λƣܾùֵֹģ˵֣㿪ʼɻ
һңûвҩ
Ұɡ߹
һյϣʹóͷ
˫ȫ񴣬ȴѧᡣ
Ʊְֽ̣վֱվֱһ㡣
վֱ
ֻץųͷ
ֻץųͷ


һ㡣
䡣
һ㡣ǰ˵ʲôͻȻ˵ˡ
תͷʣôˣ
̧áϸĸо
һͨ죬ûжֱֱƣֻͨ⣬Ŀȵؿƣŵʣ㡢ϲ𣿡
⣡
ⷴӦǰһ
ƵСͻȻͨͨ
ƺץסദһѹͣ˵ҪӦϲİɣ
˳ÿк˭ϲأ
ܵƻˣе˵񴣬֮ͥ£ôͻȻ֪ôˣƳһʿܣϽˡ
ͷȥ
һ
ʿŽӵǵţӡӵѾߣЩǵġ
ӽӹһţַȥȻһƤûģҲûдһŸ磬ʮһдˡ
һСʮһţ͵磬ɡ
ȿĸдʲôӵ
ƵҲſĸţһ͸ж׼ȥٻš
ӿʼСʮһţŸ磬Сʮһ뿪춼
ʲô߹ʡ
ʲô֣ʶӵ
߹Ͱ˻Ӻشȥ
ϺһⲻְɣǸ
ʮһƽʱ磬죬ǡ롹֣㰴롹
һͨȻƣƽ⾭һ㣬ڰŶ󣺡һһߡʲô
ƵӦòǡߡǡ𡹡
ʣûдꣿ
ţܸʻ߻ĸҪϽţд꣬ͣˡƲ²
Уӵ
߹СʮһСʮʲô鶼ϡ档
ֽΪʲôͰ͵أſֽţȥš
Ȱ磬㻹ǱˣӦСʮһСʮīʱĿˮ
߹Ͱ˻ԸϽܿ
һɫɣ


221 Ѫ
ơ߹Ͱ˻ᣡ
Ѹֽٰŷ, Ӹơ
ŷ⣬ûֽ
ֵŵܵܣİɡ
ҹʲôˣʡ
š
Цûа
һСʮһ, , ϶ǰ֪пˮӵ
ƽͣҲ֪Сʮһôֲд, ҲСʮһ©, Сʮ˵ԲŴīˮģһע㡣
ӵװˡ
, ԩˣ治֪㶯ô죬ȥšƴȤʣŵʲôζˣ
񴡢߹Ͱ˻ӡ꡹Ц
ŵܵܣ㡢㡢㳤һ޺, Сģ˵㣬Ҳ򲻹㣬ȥϴϴȥؿһ, , ·ŵҩһ㣬ϽСӱȥ
Ƽ˹Ц
ʣֽǿˮ
Ƶǡ
ΪǶ棬û뵽, ʶԶơ
ŷô, ûʲôġ
ֳԶ˼
ƿˣǡ
˸ϽܵԶɻ
ЦЦ, ȻϸС֦, ֽг, ۵װŷ⣬סСӵĿˮͻĸĸŷһʿͻؽ
ųͷ񴼸ˣӴк硣
ӸϴСʮһأ
ͻؽˡƵ
ӿƵ֣ʣϴ𣿡
ֵûֽ
һˣί
ƼЦ
ӱߵһƬ
ƸǰСʣˣ
Ʒʣʲô
ųͷһûѧʹóͷ
Լĥһ¡Ƹոٺ֢ڡ
ֻԼģ
ƾ񴣡ղװģ˵ôܽôΣһϲͨӡ
ףǴЦûװ̻ҡ
һ˭㡹ӣذ㡣
Ц
˴һȺʿæ̫ɽѺӱߵһƬʰϡ
߹ũడ
ģ۶ˡ˻ӵ
ӻԽడ
ֱǰɺˣǻȥɡ
ӵҲũˣ˭һ£ۡ
һԼã
֡
ɻʣʲô
óͷ
ƵãҿԼãҲء
á
ҪҪǰðɡӴչ
ƺһԼá
ֻԼųͷǰߡ
ùƵĳͷָ޵شֱ߻ܵµĻġ
ֱȵġ
ʲôû˵΢΢ͷǳǳЦ⣬Ȼ߽˽һź󣬽ҹ
һ۵Ľƣɵϣ賿ϰϣΪսʱǿԴӮ
ǻǳոдţ˵߽ͬʱҲ˵˴˴ηͻϮʤ
ûգǵžˡ
¡۸дһⳤš
Ƶټʶ¡۵˷ܡϲúģ¡۶ԳӡӡŮ黰Ҳ˳
ۿͨ˵ΪǡΪ룬һ˿ɵѹ֧ǣǲʧ
Ƶ˵ǡ
߹СҲˡ
ҪǸ̫ɿ顣˻ӵ
ͷ˵ʻԳ˵黰ˣǼʶˣʲô˼֮ʺûд
˻ӵһ糼֮ġ
ӽӻͳӴţϳʱ¡û˵ʲô˵ʹ˲ڵĻ¡۸󳼴Ůôô£ôôĲɣôôǿ
Ʋкͳʱȡʫ֣Ȼô䡣
ͬصͷЩȷʵ¡۵ǰģԽЩԽԡ
һ˵ǸʵֶΡ
˶һĿ⿴һۣȻֹͣ²¡ۡ
ҲסȻ󹧾ض£ǱҲһš
֡͡
˫ְŷϡ
ӹ鿴
ְŽƵˣһƤûֵģ֪Ǹ˭ġ
ʮһдŵܵܵġӵ
죺Ŷ
ƽ͵ʮһдϴξûüдƤӦҲǡ
ԭˣʮһССͣѾ֪дˣˡһŽơ
ӵŵܵܣСʮһţûпˮ
϶ûСƺܵ˵ϴλʱ˵ˣһҪעֽɾ
ҲСʮ
ƲСʮһţֽƽƽ۵ĺۼ⣬ƽɾһӵҶ㣬Сʮһ򸸻Ҫֽˡ
ûпˮӵ
Ц
ϴοӵңһؾǣһСʮһҵϣǵӴ򡣡ӻǵ߹СʮһҵϣҲҪСʮһһΡ
ЦſСʮһţŻд߰ģд֣һЩŴ棬ûдͼĹˡ
Ҳˣת̫šůһ̧ͷڿԼʣʸдʲô
¡
СʣǲҲд黰ˣ
Цʣ㸸ʶ˭飬ô᣿
硣ƹ⺰һ
һ顣
ƵͷЦһ󣬵ȥдš
񴿴ƵıӰЦЦ˵һЩ滰ȻصԼ䣬ºȿˮ֮ӦûŽˣš
ߵǰš
Ƶ
߽ӣûƣʣĶ
񴰡ƵӸ
񴳯ߣţңȻΪ˭
Ϊء˵ʲô
ԵġΪԼ˸ڡ
ƵŶϣ԰ɡ
ͷһϵĵģתʣڸʲô
ԡҰɡƵ
񴲽һ٣͸һ磬ԼԼ޳ӰϽתͷͻȻоǼȵģһƬʪȣŵ۾һǱѪ
ô¶Ͻ߳Ƶӣ˳ֽŹϣԼߡ
ߵſڣȻۻһ΢΢ͷֹѪһվƵſڡ
ӡ߹
סӡ
ӣôվʡ
ҡɹ̫
˿ܲգֲؿ񴣬ʣӸʲô
ողСײˡ˵һɡ
ܹ飬Ҳˣ˾пײӣǸϽֹֹѪߣŵܵҰ㿴
ã
ûϵܼ򵥵ġҪš
Ѹס治á
ðɣ¥ƹиֹѪ취ҽȥҾŵܵܡߡ
Ͻֵҡ
´񴣺ӣպܲԾ


222 ζ
ʣ𣿡
СͻȻĵصǲҾŵܵܳʲô¶ˣ
ǡ
ʣǲǾŵܵܲڣ
ǡֵ
, ʣǲǡ
㡣š
һơ
Ʋԡ°ɫۣͷ΢ʪ, ͷϸϸˮ, Ƥ͸ŵķ, ֹƻˡ
ոֹͣıѪ, ҪϽһ䡸ȻȥˡȻҴһصԼķ䡣
ֱֱؿƣŵܵÿ
Ʋʣôˣ
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˼һ£ءȻѪֹ, ϶ûʲôѪĲࡣ
ԷģʣŶʲô
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, ׿һ, Ȼո˵ҩ¶, ʲô¶
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ֱӵûװãҩַʱʱڱս״̬Ĳʺҩ裬ǴӾ͹ȽϺá
ͷҾǾô̻Ѻܴʽʡһš
ӡκȷʵƶҲЩ꿿ʹҩ׬ҺܶӲ˵˺ܶ⣬͵гһտսʹá
šͷȥæˡ
뿪ˡ
ߵǰš
ʣ˭
Ƶңơ
澲ĬƬ̣𣺡£
Ƶ˵Ѫˣҿ
ûʲô󰭡
Ƶҿ
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ðɣ˯ɡƲٴţصԼ飬˯佫ĹѸٵشϿףܳӣ
Ѿˡ
վö飬֪һҹÿ˶ǰҹһʵս˭׼ձ޾ҹϮˡ
ȷʵȱϯһȥ˯
ܵܡ߹˵ػһ
Ƶ絽
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ƵͷЦ
ӣû¶ͻȻ
ƿվŵ񴡣
ӣˡ
ײӣȻһۼûСֵ
΢ֵһµš
ﷸֹײײѪӵһЩףһûУӦñе֢
û˵ӱӲ
ɵü룬뵽ŵܵܽԡţһ䡸ԡ˵
ѵΪ
ۿšü˼ϾҪ˼ϽһˣϢɡ
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񴲻ҿߡ
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šͷ
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Ƶ㣬һûʲô飬һȥ˻ǳαʱ˻ڶ࣬;ҽնƣ۵ĿŲݶ⡢ǽߺſ˯ţҲۣȥæ
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С㣬㿴Щ˻Ҫҩڽսʱܵˣҩ涼һġ
ͷ
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תͷһֻۣżӣһͻȻɳģ㣬ҪҪҰæ
ҪúðɣҿԵġ֪ŵܵܵĺãͷ΢ЦһûעײʲôˣһԼײ˻Ͻʣû¶ɡ
һϲõ
̧ۣһӢӣǣ
ʣʣ㻹ǵ𣿡ʡ
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սã֪κĴӵȻӹˣҸ׼˻ȥӹǡ
û뵽ܶˣζ¶ϲõسƱȭӣϴһòˡ
ӣ
ؿơ
Ʊȭ򽫾Ҳᡣ
΢΢һǡ


223 Ϲ
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л
ʮʣ͵ϴ·ǰɣ
ԡͷ
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Ա߿š
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⣬μʽֵܽˡ⡢ʽһЩ÷󣬱һ򱱹ص¶
չһͼ
߹޹ͼģ
Ǽ²ѵġ
ɿ𣿡ʡ
ʱο˵ϴα޾ͻϮҾѹȥһ£ҲѾ붬޾ٳûٽ
̫ˣʡ
һҲڵݡ
߹̵ǳô˻ṥ򱱹ء
ɡ
ΪΣ߹ʡ
ƽ͵򱱹ϿһǳأҲͨ޹ȱҪ͸óıؾ֮·ȻҲѹ
ȻˣʱΪζˣ߹˿
ʱ޹ʵ̫ǿˡ
߹ǵĵطһҪ
ͷȻǾҪһڱ޾ûнĻѩ·ѣû˽սƣܿܲٽô괺Ӧûرһ͵Ľ
˴ǻأʡ
˶٣ĿᶨǾͽ
ã߹һͬ⡣
ƵҲͬ⡣
Ǿһ¸ԡ
Ƶһǽϵĸͼ۷غͽ⣬գﶼȻʼʿ
תһ¹ȥˣ޾Ǳûʲôαؽ
Ǳߵ¡ѥӡݵȶˣҴûãαؾ˴ѩαҲϺİɫһִ
ƵĹۿոһյز
ܿ͵˳Ϧһա
ΪʿǲңӪ˷ʢҹֵܽü˺ʿһꡣ
ʿǱΪӹ߹ģνսӹһǳ
ǲ֪ӹڱǲʱܹͻӹһ꣬Ҳ쳣ů
ҲоһůֻΧŻҹʱǻһЩǵġ
߹һҳô󣬵һꡣ
Ƕǡӵ
ʣأ
Ƶ¥ƹˡЩӶǴαغ¥ƹܣմαûʲô飬Ϊ¥ƹĻʵۣӦȥġ
ʲôʱʡ
ӦþˡƵ
߹ͻȻ̾Ϣһ
ʣôˣ
ĸˣǿ϶ţʱңСʮһСʮǿɰġ߹
ƼЦ
ǱͿɰ
תͷʣָˮɰ𣿡
˻ʣ򴲿ɰ
¶ƨƨɰʡ
Ƕ״ɰ𣿡
߹𤵽ŵܵܲȥȰɰ𣿡
ƽһ䣺ǳ˲飬ɰ𣿡
һһʮһʮ£һˡ
ƼЦ
ֵܽһ˵ŻʹеĸȤ£ֵģϦЩů
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αܱѩڻ֣٣ҸŬĲ
֮һǺ
һˮݸơ
ƺһڣʣջ
ͷ
ʣ¥ƹΣ
ͦõġ
ɫɣҲ˵¥ƹܺãҲͷˣǼһ䣺Ҫûʵۡ
Ȼֲɫ
Ʋ֪ôͻȻ˵⻰
ƣ˵ֻɫ
һ׹ֿ֪ʼˣתͷ񴣬Ϻ͸ŷۣ۾Īشˮ⣬쳣Ŀ
һ͡
ЦЦȥԡתˡ
תȥ˵¶Ȼٺһš
Ƶһ
ꡣ
Ǿˣѩò֮һʪյػȥԡ£Ȼʳš
񴿴߹һʺһ˿ߵơ
ôˣʡ
ûʲô÷ɡ
극յһš
ʣֻһ⣿һŶһһ̫󣬻һʮһӵģʱжӡ̫ӡ߻ӵ˵ġ
ţӦǺġƵ
ɫʱÿˡ
ûпһ߶һ߳ߡ
̲סʣдʲô
ҲûʲôߵƵ
վڻȴˡ
ûз֣ԹԵš
ֻò鲻Ըָϡ
ſڣҪȥ
񴺰ơ
תͷʣ£
վǰһԲ
߹ʣôˣ
Щʣôҽȥһ
ҸոŪ˵Ҫȥ¡ͽûͽ͡
£ҾͲܽȥ𣿡ʡ
һЦˣ΢΢ֽĺãװŷУȻ̧ͷע񴣬ʣ㲻Ѫ
΢΢һʣ㡢֪
ʲôֻ֪ǲ˵Ҳûֳ
˶٣ƣƻ
лУȥ¡Ƴߡ
һסƵĸ첲ƵϣڼƱǼʱͣѹʣԣʲô֪
ǴЦš
ֵһֱڵҡ
š̹ϵ
ʣʲô
ƵϹ


224 ҲϹ
ʣϹ𣿡
Ц
񴾲, ĬĬסƵ֡
ƵϹˡ
ǡ
Ϲˡ
ԼϹˡ
ԣһֱƵĹϡ
ǰ;, ˵ʲô, ʱ˵ʲôЩΡ
¥ƹʵ֮λ, ɲ˵, ָֺ£ƲϲƲѶȥ
ûհǰ˺
Ҳİ취
һֱС, żĵ̽ţԾ޲²͸Ƶ˼
ȴһֱ˽˼ûпͷУһ澪ϲһ, зֱֱơ
ͻȻ΢
ĿһͣΪҪ֡
֪ƻ֣ҲϹˡ
ʲô͵ըһ㣬ϲáõȵһ˲, һж, СʣϹ𣿡
Ҫ֡
šһץƵ֣š
Ц
˵Ĳ֪Ǻá
΢΢ͷϵգϵմˡ
̽ӻûϵ
йϵ, ҪȥѡƵ
һ, Ȼٻ
áƴӦĸɴࡣ
ͷЦ
ƫͷ, ҲЦ
˶û뵽̹, ô, ҲôǵظܵԷĿġ
˵ʲôȻԶԶĽŲ̳֡
һ㶡
Ƶˣ
˭񴲢û
Ųбϳӵģ磬ݲñ֪
ƵĹ˼ɣǵ⣬¶ܻӰ쵽Ƶĸˣս̫ãǻǵȵսʤһ𵽴κ¥ƹ˹ͷá
ƸϽվֱӡ
Ҳһѡ
ŵܵܣӡԶԶغһ
ƼӱŰ磬ôŰ
ڰҰĸʿŰ
ĶƵ
ڡ°ͳ
ƻͷһۿӡ
Ӳסĺúõ𣿡񴲻ʡ
©갡üͷ䣬ѩִѹݶһֱûз֣ҹ꣬ˮžҵضǣǲסˣþŵܵмݣҿס
ͬʱĬ
ӱŰߡ
ĸʿǰȥ
ƺ
ŵܵܣӣʰһ°Ӻ
ƺݰæʰ
ӿĵ˵Ժھˡ
ƺ񴶼ӻ
ǲ˰ʡ
ƺԲԵ˵˸ˡ
ҲˣԺǼæӴЦ
ƺԶԡ
æµһӵķʰϡ
֣磬ˡ
ӵã¶ҡ
ƺһӵӣҲ֪˭֣˵һ𣬽ʮͣƵǰ
ȥ¡Ƶ
Ҳȥ
Ƶͷš
Ҳšһ
ȥô֣Ƶ
һ޹ӣû֡
Ц֡
ɡ
ȡ
룬˵һһɡ
Ȼɣо۹һĲˣͷá
һɡ֮󣬵ͷһ֣Цôɣ
񴲻ɡ
ﴫ鱾ص죬˸Ͻɿ
Ѹٳ֣ſſС
ͷ
ƹš
ͷԼ֣ϻµĵ¶ȣŷŵؿڣԸ֪»ģܿġ
׿һƵţߵԼڣȫû˯⣬ϣԼֿ֣ǽڣһֱû
һֱŴ򿪵
ϽѸٴţ߳
ÿƳ
ŶնǴſײҪѵһǳɫѣĵĸſ·еľһ㡣
һơ
תͷ¶Цݣ񴡣
˯ú𣿡񴳯ȥ
ͦáƿϣǳǳİ߼ʣûлѣ
綼ھ޴ϲУ޷԰Σû뵽¶ȥ
ţҵ㡣Ƶ
ѸٽӣȻα࣬ҵ˼սϣֵܽü˶ݵˣԻмѵģʶüɫѡ
֮󣬳š
ƿϵѣԼģװЦЦ߰ɡ
ߵƸǰҪƵ֣ӳˡ
ŵܵܣӡӵһȥ
ֻջֵַ֣Աߡ
Ƶǰ
ӵһ𡣡
һѵ
Ѿˡ
ûпӺ㣬ʣ͸ء
߹ȥt۲
ǲˡ˻ӵ
ӵʼɡ
תͷƺţһۡ
Щӡ
߹㣬ʲô
עתơ
һ
ҸһֺʿǶԴ򣬾ôһֱ˲ŵϢһȥ
ƺһ
ŵܵܣ̫ˡ
ƺ񴻥һۣͬԶһ㣬棬˵ȴŵģȻ÷
ЩͦæǲЩûעŵܵܺˣܾ֮ͻȻζˣǸ²һð÷ʱĿƺ֮ȥ
ƺ񴶼ܵԽѹ˲ʲôʵʵ÷
ܿ꣬ҲһƬˡ
ãȻȥˡƵ
վҲˡ
ӡ߹˻Ӻûвʲô
ȴɻϽз˳꣬Ҷ˵һ䣬ĸƺ
Χ˵˵ЦЦʿûз쳣
߽ʱסƵ֡
ֳСԺߣţƲһ١
񴲻ʣôˣ
ˡƵ
һ
Ҳ
ͬ˵ͬʱĬǽïʢĴ档
Ŀ̫§סơ
΢΢һ˵ʲôȻСԺˣʱҶˡ
ܿ˿ûƺ񴡣
ѵǿˣܰҿģӦþֹһתͷСԺӵһǴںǴ١
ĺõط
ߡ
ڴƺĿʼð


225 ס
Ȼʵ
һ١
ƺͬʱס
߹㡣
ص, 򽫾ڴˣ
ѲߡʿֿǽïʢĴ٣ʣǡ
Ƴһ۴, ʳ
Цҹ䲻, ȷʵʺߡ
ʣ, 򽫾ҪȥĶѲߣ
ָָǰ, ǰһߡ
Һһɡѵ
ʴϲ
߳СԺӣͷһ۴١
ŲԽԽԶ
µƺͬʱһ
ˡƵ
ǰŵȫðˡ
Һ򽫾ˡƽһŷɽ, ظ̵֪£̲ס̧񴣬ֱ׵ȣղɵ΢΢̣Сһͨͨ
ҲòĶ, оֵȿڿʣƵ촽ȥ
촽ոմһ¶
ƺȻһ
ʣôˣ
жҡӡ
ǳ, ǸϽ뿪߳١
ӡ
ӡ
Ƶ
һ, ȥͿҩ
ֻš
صӣǰؿƲ㣺ǳҧġ
ʲôӰʡ
Ǵ, ҩ, ͿһͿ
Ҫץ
ץʿһЩˮ, šɵֽ, ϸظƲ, ȻӻȡһСƿҩ࣬ͿĨƲϡ
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ţ˱ɣרδĳӡ
ָһ£ء
š
ЧáƲˣ̧ʱһС㣬죬ĿһƬС㡣
ôˣʡ
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ܲ𣿡ʡ
ܵˡ
ҿϻûк㡣Ƴѡ
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ȷʵû飬ƵǸԡһúÿһȻͿҩ
ͷ
ƻصԼӣԡ֮Ҽһûҧλϸɾѣӡ
Ҳԡϡ
ʣҧĶˣ
ֻвӡ
һˣʡ
ͷ
֣ҩҡ
ȸͿ
ƵҸղͿˡ
㲻ǸԡӦϴˡ
Ʋƴǣǰ΢΢죬¶ǡ
ɫ˰񣬲ŴҩƿҩͿƲĺ㴦
𣿰ҩƿңͿùҩƿ
˶٣ѡ
һӳƵ˺ǲͬҧһ£֪ۣȻûиоһЩҩ࣬ϸͿ񴲱ϵĺ㴦Ȼҩƿˡ
£ѡ
㿴ңҿ㡣
㿴ҵĺ㣬ҿĺ㡣
һûס꡹һһЦ
˵ɵɵֱӷɳԺӺˣƫƫ㵽Цʡ
ȷʵʱһŽƵģһ²ߣЦɵ
ɵšƵ
ͷĿ֡
´Ҫ㡣ƵȻֵ괺ˡ
괺ͦõģҧһҧҲá
ˣʱЩˣһȥˡ
˳Ƶ֣ĦԸ֡
΢΢ͷЦָġ
ЦԸˡ
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ռ
ߵſڣȻֻͷغú㡣
ͷ
ƻصԼӣɵϣշһУֱðۺݣо׬һһ綼ˡ
һǽڣ뵽ھƣ漴ر۾ܿͽС
糣·һ㣬ﶼſģżһۣǶ̲ס
ҲǶһۡ
֣żҪʱ򣬲Ż뾡취ܿˣ֣ӵߵȵȡ
תۼա
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𣿿϶ǿο߹
оܾöûмˡ
СʱΪ޹ɣϡ项ñӣһֱģŶ򱱹سرŬ߹
ʵֹ
αǰһգ¡㵥̸ƸպĵµУˡ
¡۵ǻãȵʱµĺܶ⣬е飬ܱ߸ܸͣܵȡΪһ֮ǲѣǡǡֶ򱱹ء
κ⶯һΪܺս˵ʲôˣʲô겻ģǡʱñӾͿ۵ͷϡ
¡۱ʱûֻί
ƻһС
¡һֱÿǷ
һ֮˲ǡ
㵱ʱǿˣԿ˺ܶ࣬һֱӱ޹ΪУα֮ڽľ㣬Ӫر
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ܵtʱȥӪˡ
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ȥϢӪ˻˻;ҽ£󲿷ֶȬˣʣһЩ˵ıȽأơ
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æҲҪѽƵ
ЦƤ
ǿҩ׼ΡѾ٣޹ûнκ׼򱱹أȡʧȥأ֮У϶ˣҩʮֹؼ
ģһ׼㡣Ҫһߡ
㣬Ƶ
ơ
ƺһ𿴹ȥ糾͵񴡣
Цˡ
۾š
˷ֿգǷֿһĿ̲סڶԷϡ
ȡһ
˲ѡ
Ͻתƻ⣺æʲô
ƵҪҩ
ĸɡ
ߡᵽϡ
ᡣ
ͷδ˵꣬ĿͻȻ䵽񴲱ϵĺ㣬ֱӣߺĿƺϴ
ƺʱ顣
֪𣿴αһĴ١
ƺһ
ŵִΧһִ棬ҧһڣۺȻº㣬Ȼûʲô˺ʲôҩʮ֮ڶɢ˺ۼ
Ц㣬ŵαذ꣬ͰѴαصĻݲݳ˽һҽ߰Ĵָ
ŵܵܣװɵڰ֮ǰҹͲڴ֮¡˿ܣûˣСһˡ
תͷ񴣬ֳ˳죬˵Ҫס̫Сģ±¶˰ɡ


226 
ͱ¶ˡ
Ʋʣʲôʱ򣿡
һԡ, Ѫҵң˵һĻ, ҷӲײ, ΪԡѪ, Ҿ;֮èˡ
ԽԽ, תͷ񴡣
񴲻˼صͷǴȷʵͦܵġ
ʣǲǣ
ֻõǡ
ǻϲʡ
ƺ񴻥һۣͷ
һˣƵʡ
Ͱ¡Ƶ
ͷ
ˣƵ, ߵǽǣʵʵվڲԶСŵܵܣϲеģ
Ƶǣϲ񴡣
һ, ŵ֪¥ƹʵ𣿡
Ƶ֪
Ӧ֪ϼ縺ŴڽӴʹ
Ʒʣ˭ģ
˶Σοһ֮һΪڽӴ֮¶, ʼأĻӺھ֮, మãҲƺĻܹ˺, , ϣĵܵٳһ顣
ƺȻ˵Ǿҿˡ
ѣ˵İ
Ϊ, Ͳȥƿ
ڿҡܹ˺, ̸ˡ
ûС, మʱ˭Ҳ֪ջ᲻֣ǴҶǻڵµġ
תƻ⣬ǲ˵ӣ˵ߣʺͻĸô㣬űӱ
ʲôѵģƵ
ȵʣ㲻ỹҪȢްɣ
ᣬǵĺӾǵӺﰡ
ŵܵܣҺ˵ġ
㡣˵һ֣㿴顢顢ũҵսҶúܺãҵĸҲúܺãŵĻԱ߿ţУٳҡ
һ±ƶЦˡ
ǰ
ŵܵʲôܹúܺãĸһҲԣӦ˵ֹŵܵܣָǿĸھҸء
뷨תãԱ߿ţ񴲻ãֵܽһȥ
áƵͷ
߰ɣҩƵĸ첲
һ¡Ƶ
ͷʣôˣ
Һ¶ʱҪˣרĴ̵ģܷģر߽㣬ǸƢһըֳָʲô¶Ƶȵսʤˣǻ˹ġ
ģҲκ˵
Ƶͷ
ŵܵܣҪίԼ̸ʱίԼûʲôѵʱ򣬲ŷֵίʱӵĹϵѾʧˣʱֹˡ
Ƶͷ
߰ɡƣǰ
񴿴ơ
Ƴü
ЦյͶĿ⣬Ц
ȻоԼǶһΪ˾ŵܵܣҪ˵һ䣺˺ҾŵܵܣҲŹġ
ԹԵͷ
ƵͷЦ
תɻ
ƺæ
֮û˸ոյ̽ͷɵظɻƵÿһ䣺㣬򽫾ô
ûô
ϲ㰡
š˵ˡ
ƾȵʣļˣ
ͷ
ٶ졣ƾ̾һ䣬ʣô˵
ҿǿǡ
ƵͷǸúúÿǣ˲
ЦЦû˵ʲô
㣡Ȼ߹
˻ͷ߹ɫţٿȻ
ʣôˣ
Χûˣ߹ѹˣ
Ǳ޾ˣʡ
ǡ߹ҡͷ
Ϊλˣúõģôˣҿ߹˼һʲô飬ƽŵʲôˣ
߹켱ˣ㣬ߣƣǱ߱˵
áæ߹ߣͻȻһ£ҵҩûá
㡣߹ߴ١
ߵĶҩ䣬ʱҲͷڳϣתȥãﵣ磬Щġ
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á
ĸ˼سԺӡ
żʣ絽ô˵ģ
ȥӪˡ߹
˶ʱһ㶡
֮ǰӷ²ѵͼǶֻΪοһֱҪ׼ȷͼվڲtϣԶֵκеͼһЩһҪȥӪ̽ϢԱ𡣡߹
ʲôʱȥӪģʡ
öˡ߹ǽղ֪
ѹ֣ѹֺöղ㣬ҲΪսḻһЩԿԲƵʱîʱƸûз˴αء
αؿʼҪ򱱹أҪռ챱޹أѱ޹УԶռˣһչȥҲļֻȥ˵Ӫ˽⽻սʱҪ߹˵˵۾ˣ˭֪޾֣˻
˵Σʡ
Ҳ֪ҾͿ϶Ѫ߹˵ģκܵ˺ѹοΪ˴κ᲻
ˣǿȥ硣
߹Ĩһ۾
˸ϡ
ĸһ߽ӡ
ﻹ
һۿڴϵ㣬Ѫʪѣɫֽһ㡣
кȻ뵽һδӷûʱСģСְĸΣܶƴҪٵóɼΪĸĸĳ̫̲࣬סһ硣
۾дЦصܵܣǶҵǵˡ˵ŴӻͳһƤֽƤֽҲմѪ
ƸϽֽӹ
ε
磡磡߹ź
ã𳳣Ρ
߹ס졣
ιһҩ裬⿪ѣͿˡ
˵һ
һ˿ͻǵ״̬ǴʱҲѹʧϽ˸Ҵ֣˳ȥɡ
ҡƺ߹һ
ȶԡĿ䵽ϣˡ
ã֡̴Ӧ
תƵ˵ǳȥ
Ƽ˸ųȥ˭û˵ʮأûһӺҲˡ
ܵΣʡ
߹ֽһ
Ӻսȭͷ
һ䣺ʱҪ嶯Ȼ͹Ӵ˴εðˡ
Ӻӿһֻۣſڵš
һʱ֮߳
ƼǰȲʣΣ


227 
ɫصػصƺء
ʣ˿ж𣿡

˺һϡ
, ҶƶֻǶ̫ߣκιҶû, ÿһֱͿұ֤Ч, һѡڿս֮ǰ, ѱˮ, һ˶ԷͻȾм
ˣЩһЩضͿ
ûжѪܶ, ڻС
ʲôʱʡ
ܲãһܻܿᷢȣͦ⼸յĻûʲô⣬ͦû˵ȥ
Ƽȴ׶༪١
ȥϴһϴ, һٹ϶ǰ߰ѪҲܣȥƽһ¡
Ҳȥϴϴ֡
߹̳
˸š
ɫֽһţһɴ, ǳûһ
硣߹̲סֿ޳
ѹ۾ͨ졣
硣ƻһ
û˿Ӧ
սȭͷ, ҲսľƤֽͷһۣ
ơ
ƵƴľƤֽ, ǵúúá
ھ𡣡
תͷһ۰˯ŵ, ߳š
˸ųȥ
, ƻ򿪾Ƥֽ, ƤֽܱѾĥƽ, óºۼǱʼȴʮ
ĿıһͼϸرΡǳءӪڵءͲȵȡ
̫ˡ̾
ûжĹ򣬻ͼ
˭ģʡ
ʵ
ʵ˭һʡ
κһʿƵ
߹ʣ֪ܵ
ƶ˶٣򱱹֮սʿᣬ֣Ѿ
ӵ
ӽӻܳ˱޹ķ²ܽ޹ΣһҹҹϵκͼгһտԽκ򱱹أܵܡ
ڱ޹˶ʮꣿӾ̾
Ƶ˵ͷ
ʮ갡߹Ƕ
һСʿʵ
ƵݵġʱԽϰգԽ
ͬصͷ
Ƭ֮Ҳ֪ʵˡ
˾֪ˡ߹
ţܵȻƤֽ֤ǿŵġӵ
û
Ǻ֮ǰͼԱһ¡Ƶ
һԱͼȷʵһЩ֮ͬױ޾ǹüͼԻǣǲٿͼüʵͼս¡
һֱϣһȥ㡣
㿪ʼˡ
һֱԱչš
ƵΪأǾУȥЪϢɡ
뿪ˡ
ƼԱš
šüһֱȡ
Ҳļʣʲô԰æ𣿡
һȰɡ
ʲôһȣ߹ʡ
ʱزӺͳҩ
ǾȺͻѧȣƱ㣬һգԱţ
ȷʵ۵ûʲôͷһϢ
߹һš
ϸظӡ
ָιŴҩ衣
æҹĵ㣬һֱȣֱ֪˺ҹȡ
ƴϲ㣡翪ʼˣ
˾һ
ϽǰĶͷ޳ˡ
߹ͦˣ
ȷüһܹô̵ʱȣǸͷǼ۲졣
߹ͷá
ǰһȥϢտʼһ߼ƻŶȡ򱱹ص¶һߵȴѡ
һչȥˡ
չȥˡ
գƼæ֮һ
㣬շûѾĴˣƵĽַȡ
ûС
ǲҪˣ߹ĵʡ
ǴǳǳЦӦǡ
Ƽϲá
ָܵˡӺȻ
߹۾Ҳˡ
ƼĿתض㡣
ë۾˵ܵܡáõˡ
硣ƻ
̫ͣˣûз
ƸϽ͵磬ȥ޹ˣգ飬˵ѣ
龭Ȼʵ͵Ҫ
ƸϽס磬ʵľƤֽǶõˣѾ˼ƻԻָ͸㿴
Ŭ˵֣ɡţ
֪˼Ǽʵţͷ֪
㻹˵ʲô
ȵ磬ģӡ
ȵࡣ񴲻֪ʲôʱһ
ƿһۡ
ճģҩࡣ
ƻ㡣
˱ӡ
š
ƽӹе룬ӣȻι㡣
㿴һۣж
磬ȵ㡣Ƶ
˼ڣθʳҲ˵Ƶ˵Ǹǵˡ
ű˵ñ޹˴ܵش򱱹صĺʱǶԱ޹˽̫ˡ
ֻֻǰ޹ʮա
û뵽Ĵκʿʵ
ʵǷ²ӱǴκսܺ󣬽һһʿһ޷ֿ޾취˱޾ޣ뱱޹Сӡ
Ϊܹȥؤһֱϵκ֪κȱٶԱ޹˽⣬¾ڱ޹
ʮһֱעű޹˺ܶ౱޹ĵطֻ汱޹ͼгһտ԰κûع㡣
ôϳԷģ߹ʡ
Ĵκаš
ʣǼʵˣ
Ϊ˾ңˡ
һ
һٴοڵǾƤֽϢʵɿҹ۲һ
ţѾڼƻˡƵ
ҿǵļƻ㼱ɴ
Ƶ粻ӡ
û¶ˡ
òСƼᶨ
ֻҩ÷ͶҲǵӺãͿ´Ȼ󼱼ææزսƻļȷʵƵṩ˺ܺõ˼·
ֹգǶ½սӡ
¡дһš
һ·򾩳ǴȰ
Ȱ¡̫˵
ʮһӺʮԲʯ׷
ʮһӶʮӣѽѽ׷ѽ
ʮӺʮһ磬Ҫ׷
һȦһȦ
¡ʣĸ󣬻᲻ǳ
ʮһʮ˵ƶ°ҹµģƶ⡣̫̾ϢһƶǺþû˰ɣ
¡۰Ǳ߷æûʱд
Ҳ֪ƶˡ
£߽ˡһ
¡ۺ̫ٿһ
ŸˣʮһӸ˵ͣ
ʮһ磬׷ʮӹǰܣ͵˵ʮһϡ
ʮһûסžһˤſڵϡ
ʮӸſڵء
ʮһһµޡµе
ʮӼѵӼӣûиװ׵Ķݵʮһǰʣʮһ磬ϵʲôѼ
ҵʮһӳʮӺҵĵĵ֣


228 ж
Ҳϵ֣ʮӱ⡣
ǣʮһӵ
ϵ
Ʊ, 㣬ǲײңʮһӾСֽ
ʮʱҲܽģϵϵ, ϵ׷ģ˵Ѽ, ׷Ѽ, ׷Ѽ
ʮһŭҶͣ, 㻹׷
ҲͣѼʮӵ죬಻׷
˵ĺе
ʮһӶ˶٣Ҳôʮˣ´, ˵ͣͱ׷ˡ
šʮ͵ͷ
ݸҡʮһ֡
ʮӰһݽʮһӵС
ʮһСͷһʱ֮䣬֪Ŀݵˣѽ
ҿʮӵ
ʮһӳʮŴ͡
ʮ۾ϸϸؿʮһӵ, ʮһӵĻСָŵϵڽء
ʮһȻͷ, 
Ӵ档ʮӵ
, װһ˯Ĵ档ʮһӰװ
ʮӸ͵ԡ
ɡ
󣬲Ÿ, Ͻ¡ۺ̫ǰܡ
, ҾŸ𣿡ʮһʡ
ʮʣҾŸ˵ľУ
ꡣּ¡۱, ŵݲ̫, ʮһӺʮӲҪ¡
ʮһСʣ, ҾŸ𣿡
ҾŸд𣿡ʮʡ
ֻһţǱ𳳣ڿšֵ
ʮһӺʮӱԹԵվԱߵš
̫Щżʣʵۣ˵ʲôƶڴαô
¡ۿţ̫ǳˡ
˭̫ʡ
¡۵Ǿ򱱹ء
̫󾪺һʲôʱ򣿡
¡۵ǰţ¿ѾʼˡΪ˱ܣûĳʱ䡣
ǣô̫֪޹ܵ˺ô˵һȥ򱱹أ
˵ˡ¡ۻص
̫Σˡ
ΣգҲǴõʱ˵ðΣõɿ顣¡뵽һƵ㣬βѡ
ˣ̫ļˡ
ްˡ
̫һ
ðմҪĵ飬޹ǱȥȷʵǷգҴκδܣʱûлָɿԴ󣬾Ҵκҹڵȣļգ׳ҪҪ´αأǴκء¡۽͵ʱǴκǳҲࡣ
ǡ̫һʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
¡۽ŵǽһԴǸֲһҲʤ㡣
ǡ򱱹õû𣿡̫ʡ
Ҳ֪޵һ㡣¡˵̧꣬뿪ȰζҪû򱱹أԼӹ̴κķԿͨóף򱱹̫ѹˣĺȴ¸ҵس
ӿ޵ԺȴǵĺǵİΣȥ
ʱƼѾͷ¡
ơ񴡢ӴһԴյĸгαأ׼򱱹صĶɽ
⡢߹˻ӴһأҪ򱱹صɽ
ҹо
Ӻأо
˵شαء
·˾ְ
ƺоҹﶫɽһգҹ俪ʼȻĵ
ǱӦˡ
ӽӻţǱɽƲǶͣӦñǿһ㡣
¾͵ǹˡ
ӵͷʱ򱱹شǰս飬޹Ӧòҳӭս
ûͷ
Һͼʵİǲſ˽ⱱ޹ĵκ;
ţһҪǵߴ硣ƵҲʿѪ
رǼʵͻȻЩ˸У֪ûкúòá
Ǿˣ򱱵ʱʮ꣬Ҳʮ֪꣬ĸǷڣǳ磬ܻӺӵġҲǸлʵؾȥһļˡ
˵һЩȻʼϢ
Ƕڻɽɽͷա
Ӻˣվ򱱹ش½ûӦ
Ƽվɽͷȴǿĺѹѹ˾ۼǽ֮ϣ˵˷ż
̵𣿡
޹֮壬Ǵκ̫ˣԲǶ˶οʮֿϱ޹ҰǼְԵķʽαװǵϧ֪ǿиɣǲǿֱӴ׼
ơ񴡢ʿһͳ
ӵ䣡
ɽϵļһ򱱹أǾ̫Զˣֻơ񴡢ӡ߹ȵǿ˲ܰѼ䵽ǽϡ
ǱҲûдùˣҪұ޾ķ˹ƴš
ಡ£Ƶ˵ļ䵹¥ʿ
޾û뵽˴κֱӽ˲֪÷ߡ߻ϱߣȻְ˽ŵһ涼ܱ
󺰵ż
ųǰһڲһļȥһ򱱹سǽ
޾һƬʼҷļͷ䵽ɽĸɿӲϣ˲Ż
ƺ׼ͰˮȥϨǸ𹭼ͶʯһſŴʯͷ޾
޾Ҳ벻κȻͶʯ˵ɽģǸӻҡ
ʱ죬󺰣壡
ݺ͹Ǵϡ
ƺٴλű޾ע
һʱ򱱹شŴɱһƬѪɽһأһһ£·˼һ찵أֲҹ
¡һŵء
ƺųɽһ򱱹أм˶û򱱹أĿΧǴκĽиС
ͬʱ뵽޾һ˶ίŭ˼ҲƲסһйԽսԽ͡
޾УϽʿ
Ƽ˲Ųʲô񲻾ѧô깦򣬾Ϊ˱
ҼˣұҪƴף
ǳǰΪʿǿ·
ʿǼ״¡
˳޾ľʿԽԽˣۿҪʧˣͻȻų˱޹İա
Ƶ˶ʱһ㶡
һݰͰ͵ͷؿͷͣòϵ󣺡һиŮڼҵأҪɱңҪɱҡ
֮ġ
ͻȻͷеһѵֱ
Сģһ§
ͷеʵĸ첲ʱѪһƬ
Զһ죬ͷ
ͷѪ
߹󺰵Ŀվ·ɱ˵ɱ·ıްգɢ֮ȥܶʲôߣ
ްһˣŵĸϽվ
Ƶ˼ǰ塣
תͷʵ˿ڣƺѪ
ж
ʶʼģ
ʡ§סʡ
ã򽫾ôˣ


229 ֪
жˡʶػش, תͷ㣺磬ô
ɱС
ɫһʣǲǴαء
, α, ҾҪɱСűʵ򽫾еʲô
һ, һֵ֪ʲô
ɱԱߵʿ, ϽԱ߸ƣɱС
á侲ʷǽ¡
ɱ޾Ϊʿճȫһ, ȻãǷڴˡ
磬עϵˡ
֪ǹǰ壬һκʿ󣬵򽫾, ƣȥǡ
κʿǡ
κʿȥʣǰƴɱ, ɱƵ˸ǰ
硣߹һ
Ӧ
߹ʺһ⣺ǲǴαسˣ
ûг¡
߹㲻, Ƶ˶Ա޾ĳޣǲڴαصš
ֵܽü˴Ŵκǰ壬򱱹صų嵽, Ǽ뱱޹ľ, ʱǲŷֱ޹вū
ЩūǱ, κϰ, ǵķŭٴ, ɱɱĵزɱһһҹɱı޹ϽŲбɲ飬Ȼһ·ǰȥ
Ƶͣˡ
飬ûסʹ顣
Ҳ˲ᡣ
ʿѾ޳
ֵܽüˡȻ߽һ֪꣬Ϊ佫һֱոʧأʿǶŴαءһ̶õ˻ӦһŻʧأҲǼ֡
κӮˣͻȻ˻
κӮˣƼ˸ʿ뺰
춯أ֮ƽ߹֪򽫾ˣ
ʣ򽫾ôˣʱսңͺܶ˶֪˵¶
жˡ߹
Σʡ
֪
ߣȥʱ㴦һ
ġ
Ƽ˿ٻص򱱹أҽ򱱹ڸʿǰ
㣡߹󺰡
̧
߹Ӯˡ
Ц֪
֪˳磬ǵĺǶˡǵĺĺܴҽǺһЩ˲ʿŶˡ
򽫾Σʡ
ͷһۣԿסˣڻС
˳Ŀ⣬ǽǵʡ
ʣʲôʱ
ܿͻ
ҽϷǳ츳˵ܿͿ϶ֻƻǵģҩ᲻˺
˺ߵʱѾ˽ЩһͿ԰Ѷųûʲô¶
Ƶһ
ǿʼɡ
ӵ㾭ḻŰɡ
Ҳûп˻̲鱱޹ϰաޱʳôκϰյȵ˴ӵˣϽ¡дţպ¡鷿ӵ֮ϲûи߽Ǿʤˣ̫ˣڴټС
ڴΪְ߽ˣû뵽Ӯ򱱹أ뱱޾أı޾飬Ƕޱȡ
ҹԼյؼල飬ڷܲʿð̽飬һʿ߹˻ӷɱУ޵ССûһ˿ɱУ˹ս˱޵ĺǺģ¡ۼ֡
ڴѡ
¡ۻû˵꣬ȻΪӣǺܶɼֻţ˶ʮ꣬ڿԽսºúõ˵һ˵һЩͷؾɳӣĺ졣
һʱûôȻѾǺúһ£θ޹̸
ǡڴӦ

ǡ
¡̧뿪һЩǿļѣҲΪģžȰѺϢ֪̫
̫ɡɡĲɵͻ֮󣬶˵زᡣ
̫ʣǶã
á¡۵
̫ʣƶɺã
á¡۵ͷ
̫ʣû
ûСʵƵ˶ٶ˵Ƥˣ˸һȣ¡۲˵Щ̫˵ѹ
ӷ𡣡̫Ͻ˫ֺʮлү
Ǻʱʡ
ɵ԰ʲôʱȥǡ
ǵǶ飬ñ޹֮¡¡Ҳǡ
ͲȻ𣿡˵꣬;Լ˵˾ϻӴСһһһѧһ϶Ҫһġ
ǲԸ⡣һ
ͷ
̫Ӳ˲۽ǵʵҲļǱûΣˣִôọ̃úЪһЪٻۻˡ
̫˵ǣǲĵˡ
̫ͷ
¡۵һдŴߴջؾ
̫һš
¡ûڴȰţٵػĵµƵдţŻŵƵ˴̣дȽϿơ
񱱱߽ǱûΣˣͿʼˣһһŵдʱһд⣬дʹȥ߽
Ƽ˶յ¡۵š
ʳ÷߹ʲæ𣿡
նšӵ
˻ӵʱһд⣬ддֵܽдˣдüݡ
񴶼¥ƹˣд¥ƹƵ
ʣ²æ𣿡
ܾдɣϲдʫһʢˡ̲ס²ۣʫдĸɰͰ͵ġ
ƼЦ
߹°֪ͣСʮһΪʲôôˡ
Ƽһ񸸻ʡ
ֵܽü˴Ц
ЦЦǻؿ¡ۼţһһһ⣬ƼԾæű߽¶վǱⶨ飬ϸҪ޹û򱱹صͬʱɽϵĴƬأκУ޹˲̤룬ɱۣ
޹̫࣬ûսǿĴκˣʵʵǩ顣
߱ѱ޹Ĳַ²޹ı޹ϰջ޹ķ²ʹŶı޹ϰգ˴ˡ
Ƶ˲ʥĸʥ֧Ȼӭڱ޹ܿһЩκϰգֲַʿֵȵȡ
Щæ֮Ѿļ＾ˬ˺ʵĶ׺ˣҲ˻ؾԱӡ
Ҷʮɡ
ڿԻȥˡ߹Ц绨
ӵҶˡ߽ʱ򣬶ӸճԼֵܽñûʲôŵ㣬øɳöӳݣԺʸöӺúѧϰʮֻ߽
һûмҶӺŮʱӸУʱ˫̥
Ҷӿ϶ˡӵ
˻ӵϱûС
ӿơ߹Ͱ˻ӣĸ
˴ȥӣӴȣ磬ܵܣǱЦѽ
ӺЦĸˡ
ֵܼһͨȻصӡ
ƻûйţȥĶˣ
񴣡һ̧ͷͿˣȻĵصˣ
սʤʹ¥ƹʿص¥ƹһֱæŴ£Ѿûˣжϲá
һ񴡣
§ţ𣿡
ˡƵ
ʣ롣
ÿն롣ûʲôҪˣͦġ
ȣؿһ
ƺӦתͷԶվŵ߹Ͱ˻ӣͬʱס


230 Ÿ
ŵܵ, 㡢ǡ߹˵ˡ
ƿ񴡣
ơ
˺֪ʶǻһ˲䵯ٴοˡ
ǣ߹˵Ϊʲôһ𣿡
˻оԾ
Ž͵ǴСϵͺá
ȴ̹׵, һˡ
񴾪ȵؿơ
߹һʱƵĻ
˻̽ʣĸھһ𣿡
Ƶͷ
߹Ͱ˻ӵһ
ֱֱ߹㡣
߹Ŀһϣܵ, 񴣿
Ƶͷ
ϲ
š
С
ѡ
Сʱ, ѾǴ, ǲǱƭ˰
ô᣿
ǲΪ㳤úÿģϲ߹һŮ, ҲУõܻܵСӦ̸˵һƻģͿǲ㹴ҵܵܵģ
ͻȻ֪λش
߹, ߹Ͱ˻ӽţúõ˵飬, ô, ǻᱻƭ𣿡
߹侲ˡ
˻ʣҲ֪ģ
Ƶͷǲõģзִ磬𣿡
߹Ͱ˻ӻһ, ȻǸ, Ĳ, Ǻһ¡ۺ̫һء
Ҫ, ҶԴõġƵ
߹Ͱ˻ֻõͷ
ְ߹Ͱ˻һ
߹˻ӺƴСһ𳤴, 뷨ܿţܿƺһ¶һְײ˱˵Ĳģٿе㲻˳ۣǴžģȡ
Ž
Χһ
߹Ͱ˻һֱơ
񴹰İײˣȻҪʵʵؽӾƣһһĺȡ
Ĳʡ¡
ֻ΢
ƷǴСõ̫۰͹ģմˮʮſʼȹƣ϶ȲѪģſĸ㣬˰ͻظӡ
ҲЩ΢λƹš
һûгȥء
ﻹиˡ
߹
һתͺһ΢΢̧ͷ񴡣
ͷ΢ƣʣҲˣ
ûС˵ûУʵԼеоӢһƵģرˡ
ƣкȻ뵽մ촽һµģȵģĿһƵ촽ϣԲ󣬴ɫǵķɫſУһδǰȥ
ʲôʡ
ҡ㡣
Ƶԡ
ʣΪΣ
գ׹ˡָ¡
ա
ڻ㡣Ĵ
һ㶣ĴԽԽ·ѹֶһٿƣסƵĺ󾱣ǡ
˶ǵһνǣǵ߰㣬ʱʱݣݿĵ촽ǲ˴ţֱ˶վȣڵء
ͬʱһ㶣ŴЦЦ˴˵裬Ц˴˾׳˵ЦҲǿġ
Ц֮˸ɴڵϣ˵˴˷ֿʱ顣
˵˵̲סһţѹƲסԼǿҷӦϽſƣ뿪Ƶӡ
ƴЦ
Ͻˮԡ
ܺõԡȻ˯
ڶǿʼ׼ؾǵ¶׼գڿ̻شκˡ
򱱹ء
ƵȻؾǡ
Ƶ˵κǡ
⺰߹
߹ûף£
Ŀҹʱͻȥ
֪߹Ȼӡ
ȥ֮ȥ㡣
֪ˡ߹
ֵ·Сġ
߹ʣһ·ͨôʿСʲô
ⱻҭһ£Сıˡ
֪ˡ
ʱһ
һȺ
߹ͷһۡ
šüᡣ
߹˵һ䣺չ˺Լ
һ˲Цĸ̫һ
ɵ߹ӣ΢΢ͷЦ
ʿ߹ֱģ̲ס
ʲô˼һԶ
㣬㿴ʲôʡ
ûʲôЩпֻһ꣬·˺ܾúܾһ
ƵΪǿԱܵزһֶ˼
ǰ̫ˣ̫Сͷ
ôôԴ
߹ӻ磬Ƕˡ
ɣ໰ٻ˵һѡӵ
Ľ˵߹ʿһѧ˺ܶоԣżҲ˵˵ûʲôˡ
˸ż˿ʼ졣
ƵЦ
ʱأȥ·ɻ죬֪͵˾Ǿڡ
ٵкܶϰ֪Ƕ򱱹صĴκ׷վ·߻ӭеĻժҰƵӡ
ۣϰϲء߹
˭ϣԼĹ˭ϣԼĹҸǿأƵˣȻԵõǵϲ
ϲĸоáӵ
˻ӵ磬ȱˣ
ǵûУǾϲҵԽ࣬Խˡӵ
Ƕ磬磬߸𣿡ǰͻȻڵ
ӵǣһǸǡڴαس֮ǰӡӦ롢߻ӺͺȥƽѺʹ̰۰ûܺһ𵽴αء
Ķأ߹ʡ
ǰ档ָǰ
ǣ߹̴ǰ
Ƶ˸ǰȥ
μ̫ӵ£Ƽ
ӦϽƵˣпǧˡ
߹
һ
һ˻ʹ⵶
¡ѾںϯŴ󳼵ȴš
Ƽһ֣¡۾ͺˣϽӭӣ˵ʲô촽£һ仰Ҳû˵
ϽȺ˵䣬ȶһŽƼ˺Ĺݣ˵Щ滰ߵƼ˸ǰ
ǰǻῪЦ˵¡ͷϿİ׷Ŀ׷ˣͻȻû취Цˡ
һǰƴɱ¡ӦҲҹģŻͻȻô׷ˡ
ܿˡ¡һһƵˣûпסԼУǣԽԽۡ
¡ӵʱƵ顣
һ°¡ָƵƤ
Ц
¡ǿ򾲣ȻƵϾĻʵͬ
Ҳûп¡Աߡ
ʵôһҲ¥ƹʹκҪʽˡ
һ֮¡ۿΧǻˣ򱱹ջˣһƬԭ⳩죬ѯսϵһЩ¶
Ƽ˺˵š
ú¡۲ƵȥϢ
²ðңұסԷ
ںˡ¡۵
ް÷Էܺá
ˣίˣˣȥԷ
Ź뿪ϯͷơ
һЦ
Цˡ
ԶĺһĻĿƵĿϡ
Ʋûзֺѣſ׾뿪ϯ󹬼ߡ
ԶԶؿ̫ɵˡ
ŸǻʮӴС
ʮһ˷ܣˣ
СӸϽƵ˳壺Ÿ磡߽㣡
Ƽ˲ǴǴϣҪȵ̫ǸǰһƿɱСӣֱӵ̫˵ĸǰ
μĸĸƼ
̫
Ƽ
̫۾̧Ƶƶҵƶ
ƱǸ˵ģһ̫ˣ۾Ҳģ§̫Щʣĸˡ
̫ڱסݺᡣ
Ҳ§Լĺӣҿ޳ʧǣǶٵسš
ʮһӺʮӴؿš
ʮһʣô
ʮһӵѽ
಻ޣŸҿġ
ʮһӽ͵˵Ĳޣ̫ãˣͿˡ
ʮӵӦøѼ
ϲϲʮһʡ
ʮӲطʣʲô˼
ʮһؿʮһۣûϹѧĺӣûĻ
ʮգ۾
ʮһӼ̫ǲˣϽǰŸ磬Сʮһ
һĺ̫˵
ʮҲܹŸ磬ϵСʮǵ𣿡
Ҹдء̫ʮһҲ
ʮҲСŸ磬ҲдԣһԲ㣬㿴𣿡
Ÿ磬Ҹдöš
Ÿ硭


231 С
ʮһӺʮƵߴߴ
, ͷ𳳣ǵһȡ
Ÿ˵ˣӸ˼ˡ
ʮһСʮӵŸǱ, һȡ
ţʮ͵ͷ
ʮһӵǾ͹ԹԵصš
ԶԶԣʮӸ͡
ʮһ㲻Ҫ
ʮӵҲҪ
ӵ治κ, ʵʵվһ, Ÿ, ǿŸ磬žŸ紩ſףӢ䣬ս޲ʤսһ, ҲˣС˳ݺӡ
̫֣ĸҪѹѾ
̫ͷ
ƿ
Ѿ˵˺һҪһС, ´ŵСӺ̫һֱȴţСӵĿ⿴̻ƶ
ȥĸɡ̫
Ʊ̫, ǰ
Ͻ§ƣƶ
ĸ
ĸ
֪̫ƶ, ûж˵վҲˣĸ, ȥɡ
, ĸԺ˵Ƶ
ƶô, ͷůصͷ
ߵ̫ǰ
̫Ҳʹӵ˵껰ˡ
Ƶĸ˰, ǻȥɡ
á̫˲, ۳Ͷ٣ֺվôãģߣȥԡһ¡
ǡ
һ˺󹬣⣬ҶŸĸ
̫ƶҲȥϼĸɡ
ĸǱи磬ĸһȥĸ
̫ˡ
Ʒ̫˴Ȱ
̫ȥԡ¡
š
صĿףԡʵʵĻɵسûп̫
ֵ̫
ʡ
ţ̫ÿնҪǰΪƽ
ʣĸǲǻأ
ǡ
ֲûĸô࣬ȥ
ִ·
̨ף̫Сûˡ
ĸƻ
̫´ƣ˸еˣʵˣǲڱ߽˺öࣿ
ûС̨̫ףů󣬺̫˵һЩ߽Ȥ£̫󶺵Ц
ҲЦˡ
ʮһӵŸһĸЦˡ
Һʮһ˵ö࣬ĸЦʮӵ
̫ȵô
ǾŸǵһȵġʮһӵ
ʮӵͷ
СĺƵĻһֱûгĬظңʱˣЦſǣȻһֱһСӶˡ
Ӵƶϸˡ̫Ͻ
ĸġɵĸ㿴
̫󿴵ˣͷţƶĳˡ
šƿʮһӺʮӡ
СִСϲŸ籧ıˣЩ֪룬һʮһʣŸ磬յҵ𣿡
յˣҸ˰Ƶ
ûлˡʮһӵ
ʮӵͷ
Ƶææˣֱӻˡ
ʮһӵдˡ
ԣûдˣҲдˡƵ£ʮһӿ̿ѧֺд֣ڿ׼ȷֿٵдһţǳ㡣
ʮһӿļˡ
ʮӼ״Ÿ磬Ҳңҡ
ƵʮԽԽÿˡ
ʮһʣ𣿡
ġƵ
ţԺ;Ÿһÿ
ʮӵĸ˻ûгãʮһӱ㲻ܺ;Ÿһÿڡ
ʮӵ֡
СӻǺǰһ
ЦŰǷ̫ߣǰһСӳܣ̫죬ҲڴȰõġ
֮ϼҹֻصոԡϣһЦŴ򿪴ӡ

Цʣôˣ
񴷴ʣ𣿡
ǰġ
ǰڲһ
ﲻһ
סƵ֡
һֻֽӹϣʣסԷϰ𣿡
˵أʡ
ʿ϶չ˵ķǳܵ
šߡ
ڴ߰˲Щ˼
ʣ㻹ẦߣУƿƺܹԣʵ¶Ϊ󵨣ò
Կ񴣬Ŀ⼫Ϊ顣
ȻЩ˼ˡ
ƴǰ񴡣
ֱӰѹϣ˴򱱹һ·ǣ߶Ǵӵˣһ·Ҳһ£С֮ģûжʱڴ׵Ļ찵أ֪ټȥһѡ
Ƶ⼸ջȽæ
Ҳǡ
ǡ
ˡͻȻվɳ⡣
ƴ˴뵽ո仯̲סЦɵϣΪϤĵطϤζ˯ʮְȡ
һ硣
ֺ¡ۣһ˵ս
û¡۾ⶨ˸ַ͡
͸ʿõͬĽӡӡҲΣ߹ʽΪ˶泤˻ӷΪʽΪ
Ҷڹ˸ۡ
̫˶Ƶ˸մûл˼֮أƼڹסա
ƼҲͬˡ
ڹæһ¡ۣһʿ磬һũ˾һȥ̫ҽԺʱ̫
̫ƻ֮ɫ˺ܶ࣬ʳҲ
ȰĸҪ⣬Եࡣ
֪Һͷˣٳһ£ˡ̫ΪƲųġ
ġ
ֵ̫ǲУһҪһ¡
ֻõУһԺһҪ⡣
á̫ЦŴӦ
Ա߿̫š
̫ʣҪҪٳԵ㣿
ҳԹˣҾĸԹ
̫⻰͸ˣЦϵӶ˻ȣһǲҪæ
ƵͷţҪһˡ
ȥĶ
һ¼ʵļˡ
̫ѾǶ֪˼ʵ飬жᣬҪ¡һҳʵļˣؽͣƺҪȥݷá
Ϊûмʵκʤ˵϶ûֻ۳Ͷٵػصκǰ֮꣬ǰľˣַˡ
Ⱥ顣
ƱһȥҼʵ
粻ǲȥ𣿡̫ʡ
ҺȥƵ
̫ʣǲȥ
Ҫף߽Ͱ˸ʰǵĸۡҾͲ鷳ˡ
鷳񴣿̫Ƶ
ġ
̫û˵ʲôȥɣ
á
˴Ȱƺϣ˴˼˾ǣյ¼ģǵ˾һɽҴСӡ
һȺСڴͷˣԱ߻һŴֲѵĶˡ
ǰѯʣ˼ң𣿡
ǰСѣʲô£ʡ
΢Цһλѣмʵ֪Ƿס
ʵ𣿡
ƾϲʣʶ
Ƴһ޺ӣҲûο˶֪ʵʵ̾ϢʶǸ˰ࡣ
ô˵
˵ĸȥ磬һĶֵعȢһͻݵӣոңκȥˣûã͢Ӹӣ˵սˣʱͦŴˣû취޵Ǻá
Ȼأʡ
˵Ȼ޳ȢޣûãĸɽҪڵɽеϱӣ֪꣬ɽ廬ƣĸˣǰõ¶
ϱأ˵ʵĶϱƼʡ
ǰѲˣһСǶСûʲôݣҲжӣСޣ׼С˻ǮҲ֪ûУǼȻҲˣһ̫ˡ̾һ
רϸϣרҿˡ
ƾͨϰգеᵽϰյĿ࣬ԽɴκӺ󣬾뾡һȥϰգǳΪϰյļܣʱʵļôңЩ
ʣǸĶ
ڴͷ˵
ƵֵȥǸС
ƻ
˸ϽͷܣûüˣͿһŻѵĸˣһٴéԺֹ߳߱СһҲûа취ʵ㣬ֻүӣһи˼㡣
ǼʵӡҲ֪ԼΪʲôô϶;еĺӾǼʵ
˻Сһ۵һ¿


232 Ʊ
ƴǰ
˸ϡ
, ˡ˱˵߳·ߡ
šƺ
˾ţҲϰƺһ, תͷ, Ȼ󿴵Ƶ, żߴȵ, ûмƵˣ˲ס˺廳Сޡ
ǰӹСк
Ż⡭
ǰһʣǼʵ
ʵʮǰͼ޵ɽҴ, ֪ʵǰС޵үүԣǼʵҽģǸʵڱ߽ôţ
ûлش, ӿڴͳһӸš
Ŵûмôһ⣬ûգǾʣ˭
ʵľѡ
ѣ
ͷԡ
Ҫ⺢ӣʡ
, ǽӺ⼸նչ, ҪС
ҡе񴣬˵ʲôת, ֻ곤üÿ, ͸º͡
ҪһС, С޵Ŀ, һֱСӶԵ, ͨصķʽѪԵ׺Ե֮ˡ
СѾûѪԵˣǰӦԵˣСҵ˺ù鴦Ҫ
ţʲôʡ
˵Сޣ뿴ԷԸԸС޻ӣӶԸ⻨ǿ϶С޺ˣ治Ҫӵ˼ֻҪǺúôС޾ˡ˵ԼﻰǺҪǮϣСܹҸ˼
Щݣ˲ǰޱȣ°еո˵ˣǾѣǸлչġ
Ųǲƣȷʵչ˺ӣҲòôࡣ
ǵ⣬㡣̲סʱƣǵľѼʵȷʵˣӶǺҪллչգǻú˵ģӾͱˣôຢӣֵЩӡ
ҲŰɡ
ŸܵƵģͷá
ˡ
Сܿ࣬һҪúô
ǻġ
ƱźӺ˳嶫ͷȥ̲סͷһۣĨһᡣ
ҲЩж
˻Ǻܶġ
ͷСޡ
ճգɺġ
СƸأС̫Сˣҽӣʣôᱧģ
ҵܵúܶడƵ
ֲáֲôᱧ
񴣺ҪҪ
Ҳᡣ뱧ǲҡ
ƿ˼ȥҽ㡣
áͷ
ϺġͻȻ汦һ
ƽ͸
˳ɽҴ壬
Ʋ죬Ƶš
񴺦ƺС޳ʲô⣬һ߻ƺСޣһ߼˳
СͻȻ
Ͻʣôˣ
ܶˣˡ
ô죿ǳεһĵĲˡ
Ҹطι̡
̣ãܿ
ƵҸĳɩɩ̥ǶмιһιСޡ
ԣǱϲãھȥ
ƵͷСޡ
ߣܿ쵽˳ſڣѸȻһ˳
ɫ㲵㾪ϲܵܣˡ
磬һ¡ƿٵ
ŷƻﱧһСС٣Ѹ˵ȥﶼй
ǡ̺ˡ
ûһĸһ
СǸоʳڸһٴοһ
ӹ΢΢һû뵽һССֻһֲǽ·߼ġ
Ǻġ
Ҳٶ룬תѣιСޡ
Сҧס
ϲ˳ˡ
ƺһһ
ʣܵܣ⺢˭ҵģ
ƿǼʵ
ʱסȻһתͷĺ󱳣¿ƣǼʵ
šƵͷ
ʲô飿
Ʊ㽫龭˵
ʹĲѡ
ʱιСޡ
㼤˵
үӡﵣġ
ް
С޽С
С޶ʱ۴
ô嶼岻ãֽ
Ҳ岻á
㿴ۣôһֱޣǲﲻ
Ƶ
Сһƻʱˡ
㾪棺Сޡ
ӻոƱһֱûޡ
ܺԵƵ
ӦǺԵ𣿡Ψһʵҹս
ЦֵܣԵǺԵ
ЦЦСޡ
磬ʵʡ
̫СˣؼǵüʵӣǰСкú³С޶࣬ʵڿʣûְɣ
ȡƵ
ȻԵȡɡ
ͬصͷ
Ҳûп룬мƱΣ߽򱱹ءαصı
΢˼һµҾò
Ҳò
ǾͽСƳżƱ
ƱԱ˱˯ˡ
үʱ򿪿ڵС޳ûùˮҲǴֲѣҪҪһ
һ
ǼƱ֮⣬˭ޡ
ֻȫ̸Ʊԡ򲼣ѡ
Ա߿š
ɸɾļƱϸɾѣƻ˯ˡ
Ƶ˯ˡ
Цͦɰģܵܣڳɡ
Уƺһ
㿴ˡ
Ƶұ˭ޣȻˡ
ͷȷʵˡ
뱨ʵľ֮ӲȥɽҴġ
ҲӾңҲҪ񴣬ߡƱżƱߡ
áϡ
ܵܣ㡭㻰δ˵꣬ܵܺѾԶˣ޿κεҡҡͷҲ͵ܵԺԼƱһЩˡ
Ʊ֪粻Լˣ
żƱһ˹Ȼ󳯺ߡ
һУܽ󹬣㻽ơ
ҾǴƱĸǣҡƵ
İˣá
ƱżƱ˴Ȱ
¡ۡ߹ڡ
Ʊ㽫Ʊ¶˵һͨ
̫Ĳͣز᣺ʵһҲ̫ˣСϴˡ
¡Ȱ˵ĸĪģԺƱǻʼҵˣ޲ܿˡ
̫ͷ
ʣĸأ
߹ĸɣĸĶá
Ƶ
̫˶ơ
߹ƣͻȻ˵ˡ
¡۵ô
һúƵ
̫˵ͻȻĬ߹ֿƣЩԾ


233 
Ϲ, Ȼȥ̫ѧѧˣǻҪ飬, Ƕӵġ¡ۿƵǾͲúˣ
ǻú, ǼƱԸ⡣Ƶ
̾, СӶʲô¡۾üƱκһﶼǿԵġ
ƶСӻޡ
޲š¡۵
, ˵¡ˣƱǱԡ
ԣ
͵ǶƵ
¡ùͼƱȥ
˽ӹƱ
Ʊ̾Ϳޡ
˿¡ۣ֪ô졣
¡ҲһСӿޣοСӻҽ֮, ѺӽŻӣȥɹ
ǡ
Ʊһƻ˲ֹס
¡죺̾Ͳˡ
߹̾档
̫Ҳ棺⺢ˣ
Ƶǡ
ұ̫Ȥ
ưѼƱ͵̫
ƱҲûпޡ
ЦҲϲĸء
˭Ըõֱϲأ
̫üۡ
¡ԾԾԵҲ
̫ԡ
¡۸˵رƱ
ƱһҲ,ءһ
߹Ҳܱ
̫ЦǶֻܱаҺƶԡ
ûһˣ˵ذѼƱ뻳õľǼƱǳؿ, ô嶼岻, һ취˰գҲûʲôá
, þŵܵɡ
ŵܵ, һû⡣߹ǻ
¡û˵
ɿ̫ɫ
̫󿴿, ֿ߹, ˼Ƭ, Ⱥڹգֳɵֿչˡ
ԣͦãҲտǡ߹
ͷ
¡۵ҲС
Ҳͬ⡣
˵˼ʵͼƱŶ뿪ȰƵֺּ̫ܲﵽ˻
߹ʮһӺʮӶƱĸΧҡǰ
С
ġ߹
ġʮһ
ľоŸÿʮӵ
ûҺÿʮһӵ
ʮӵҲľҺÿ
ôʱ򣬱󡣡
ʮһӺʮһ𾪵ؿͬʣұ󣿡
ͷ
ʮһӲŵ˵Ÿһÿҵڶÿ
Ҳϵʮӵ
߹ɣǿԼ𡣡
ʮһӺʮӵҾͺÿ
߹ܵܡ
ĵܵܽСӻͨԭȻ˵ͱױ۱ÿ
СҲÿʮʡ
ͷ
ʮһӺʮӱˣҲƱˣΧżƱ
ŵܵܡ
̧
߹˼һ˵ܵܣӵ¶ô˵
ʱȺͻĸ˵Ƶ
ͷʹˣ۰ľ㡣
֪һشġƵͷȻʣǵ¶ô˵
û˵
߹󷽵ָ֡⡣
ʣأ
һûá
ûд𣿡ʡ
ˣҲˡһûá
Ѿˣ˼һЩӸ˺̫ˣֵ߽ô϶һʱ仺Ƶ롣
ЦЦš
Ÿ磬СʮӺ
ʮһӵ㺰ѵġ
ʮӵľУСȶȻҲ˵ġ
㡣
Ʊֻˣǿˡ
߹״ϽСӴˡ
ƱҲͲˡ
ֻѼƱƱ۽УȱٰȫеӣֻðѼƱҡŵߡ
һʱҹιһ̡
ҹ˾ʱˣƱˣ
˯ˣͦԵġƵ
񴿴ҡϵļƱʣԺƱˣ
һȴտ˵꣬һֱżƱʣżƱ
񴿴Ƶţһ
ƵҾ˵ʺͻĸ
ͷá
˲֣סԷ֣һ߿Ʊһ졣
ƱһޣֻҪƸͺóԺúȺ˯һһСϵĺȥ˴룬ɰˡ
ʮһӺʮӶ佱ƱúÿÿѧҪܹƱһۡ
ҲüƱÿˡ
Ƶͷ

˯ء
ͷ¡ѧᱧСӣе񫡣
ƱѼƱ͵񴻳
ÿնԼƱҲϤˣûп֣ŤһСӣ˯
̫ݵﴫ˵ߺ
ĸˡ̳ӭӡ
ֺҲȥӭӡ
뺰ְѾѼƱת뵽ƱŵҡϣֻѧᱧûѧƽȵذѺӷŵҡϣҳֻ֣վҡż
ĸôˣЦʡ
ͼƱƵĲ£̫ӣһۿżƱ񴣬΢΢һ¡
̫󡣡ʾǡ
Ҳڰ̫
ţӡ
Ƹ̫ˮĸҰѼƱ㿴
á̫󻺻ǰ
ߵǰСô
ҷŲ¡
汿С
һ㡣
ЦЦӹƱˣЪЪɡ
̫΢΢ƫͷƺˡ
ƱżƱ߹ĸ㿴
̫ۣЦԽÿˡ
ֵˡ
Цܳ˯
ͦõġ̫Ŀת񴣬£κ˰ɣ
Ѿʮˡ
ţˡ̫ҲǣСһ𳤴󣬸Ȼһ㣬ˣЩʱҲǿԵġ
񴿴һۡ
Ƶվͻ¥ƹˡ
̫һƵô죬ҲǣϾ͵ˣԲˣҲˣǲߣƶۣҸŵԵϱ
Ƶͷ
ɫʱס
̫Ŀ֮䣬ʣ²Ը𣿡
񴲻˵
Ƶĸûա
ԿƣĿް
̫ûվˣǰ㿴ŵ㣬ǶǹˣȻ԰Ѱʵġ
û˵
ͷ
̫Ƶ֣ʱ죬ƶһգ۾Ҫɼҵˡ
ɫȻ
ȭͷ΢΢ս
ƱȻءһ
̫ʣôˣ
Ƶܶˡ
ǸϽιŰɣҾˡ̫
㡣Ƶ
ˣҵߣ֣ߡ
ƺ̫ͣ˳ȥ
һָϽס̫
̫˹ˣǰ֣㿴˰ɣ
ָ̫̫꣬˽̫ȴū澲֪̫˵ʲô
㻹Ҽ⣿
ȴǿˣȴ֪οڣū澡
ƶĻӵ·̫Щ˸еص
ڰƱСƶһ١
ʣôˣ
ƿĸ֪ˡ


234 
ʣˣ
šƼֵ̫, һżƱС졣
Ĭõʣ̫Զˣ
Ƶͷ
˶٣ʣô˵ģ
û˵ʲôֻ̫̾Ϣһ, Ȼ뿪ˡ
Сʣôģ
ƿ, û˵
Ҫȥף񴲻֪̫ո˵Щ, ǲ̽, Ƶġ
ΪĶѡһкܶ໰Ҫ˵, ദĬ֮⣬Ҫ˵һ˵ᣬס
һ
ЦЦ, 񴣺Ϊʲôһ
°ʵ
ʲô
ؿƣ㶪ҡ
Ƶһ֮ôΣôջôĹ˼, Ҷ, ʲô
ǰһ§ƵҵС
ûǵСˡЦ
㲻ҪҡᣬԼ
, , ͻȻ뵽ȱͯ, ɵ, ʱᶪ㡣
ʱ
š
ʣΪʱ
Ҹˡ˵
ˣƵ
һ, ƿ񴣺һô֪᲻ʲôԭµ¶
Ƶ񴣬һӡ֣˲ⱲӶԭµ¶
áƸƱҴ̺ӡ
ǳǳЦݣ뵽̫Ǳߣʣ̫Ǳô죿
װ֪ƶ˶٣͵ʵҲãĸһЩ˿ɣȻ̽ȷҺĹϵôҹʱͬ˵Ҳŵ
Һһȥͬ˵
Ʋʣ㲻¥ƹˣ
ջأ
ʵ۵ġ
ƽͣ¥ƹʹκһҪһ֮ڹţοùúߵڡ
ʣͲùúߵλ
ܹΪıλΣ
üһ䣺ؿ㣬
ٴȤҡһֻסƵ֣һ§ƵҾˡ
Ƶֻˡ
Ѿʼ᣺ն㡣
ô
ֱӽ촽ȥ
һա
ڶһ¡۵뿪˴κ
ճȥ̫
̫ɫ̫á
ʣĸôˣ
ûô̫󵭵ػһ䣬־Լ̫ãƶ룬ƶﲻ̲סֲһ䣺°ҹת˯Ĳ̫ãûʲô⡣
ҹûźһıӡƵ
̫ͷʣСô
ͦãԱ˾˯
ĺӺôСʱ򡭡̫ɵһ١
ƿ̫󣺡СʱΣ
˵ˣŰɡ
֪̫ﻹھᣬҲûǿ˵һ̫󣬸̫ʱ䡣
̫Ҳƶʱû˵¶ȻĲ֪δˡ
һţһɢһ˵˵Ҳʹǰûʲô̫Ǻ޲ʱʱ̿ǰҲȥϼĸˣһŰɡ
áƴӦ
ûһˡ
һŰɡ̫
ǡ̫ԱߣΪ̫󲼲ˡ
֪ǸТ˳ģˣԼ԰ɡȥ̵ЩֹʮһӺʮȰܣҲǳ챿ֲᰢķУĵģ̫Ǻϲ
ǡ㲻Ϊ̫󲼲ˡ
ƼһƬĸҲԡ
һЦʣƶˣС𣿡
ᣬҡ˼ҵѣ֮󣬾ͻᰲȵ˯ˡƵ
ǹ԰
̫ȣС鰡
Ƶͷ
һ˵˼Ʊ顣
ȵ̫˯ʱƺ뿪Ȱ
ƺ˵ӣ̫ģᣬúţκӰġ
ͷ
ֵڳĿɺˣɩɩḁ̃Ҳÿɰҡ
Ϲ˵˵㣬ûˡЦ
ֻĸǰ˵§ļͷҶãôӢѽ

Ц
üҲǸع˼ҵģɩɩǸ浾ã㡪
Ҳܺáס
˵ʲô
ʱ˵⣬һػС˳㿴飬š
áͷ
ƻص
Ʊ۵Сȭͷţȵ˯Ƶԡ
үܵСӳԱ˯үԣһûޡ
ƵͷԺô졣
ǡ
һҲʱʱСʱȥũ˾̫ҽԺ;ȵأҲʱ俴ˣӹкܶࡣ
ţܵܡ߹Ͱ˻ӵ
ƸϽţ˸ڽˡ
߹Ͱ˻ӵ˷źڹⶼиۡǶԸۡԼ뷨ʱʱܵԵĸۡලʩ졣
߹ÿնع˻ֱס˿öûлعˡ
æˡ˻ӵ
ҵҲˡ߹ܵܣպһҪҵĹȥһ󳬴Ĳʲôֵܽöʮһߣû⡣
˻ӵȥˣķǳ󡣡
Ƶǻڣ㣬Ͳ⸮ۡΡûȥð
һڲҩϡ߹
˻Ӱ߹߽һϡ
û¿ǳ߹ʮֽ
˻ӵNɪˣȥС
˿Ʊһ˻Ȱߡ
˻ʣˣʲôأ
ող˵һڲҩϣȥ̫ҽԺվǺͻһ𡣡߹ǰǲܳʱһ͵͵¿ɳĶȥˡ
˻ӵ
ӱ߽Ҿ͸㲻ʲôˡ߹
˻ӵͷ򽫾ô
ҡͷ治֪ˣĪظʿ;ʱеıǸĸ밲֮ȥú˵һ˵
߹ûһʣʲôԸ˵ġ
ǰǸý㡣˻ӵ
߹̲ʣҲǺý𣿡
˻ӿ߹㡢̫ˡ
ҿҴ򣡡
˻̶㵽
õ𣿡߹᲻ôƣ취ץ˻ӡ
˻ӾƵơ
һ·ϴ֣˴ȰԶͣһѣϰԿԷǷ롣
ȷûκ⣬һ߽Ȱ
һ㿴Ŵֲ̫ݣϵҩ䣬ĸŮˡ
㣬ȥĶһʡ


235 ʲô
һתͷ, ˡ
˿첽ǰ
߹´ʣ㣬硪
Ҫס
ʲô˻ʡ
ʣ뵱ҽ
û뵽ŵ֪ܵ, һЦ, ͷš
߹̫⡣
˻ӵķҽ֮ˡ
߹֪, ôͻȻ뵱ҽ
ͻȻ, һֱҪԼѧȥˣرȥ߽֮󣬿ܶʿ, ܶʿ;İղšҵ뷨͸ǿˣȥһߣˣҲѧҽ
ǹ߹᲻
ŵܵ˵, ΪǻӹӦ飬Ϊϰ룬Ȼϰվ̫ˡ
ɡǸʿ϶ͬ⡣߹˽
Ѿͬˡ
أ
ĸҲӦˡ
ĸ߹תͷһλε̫, ĸҲͬˣ
šͷ
߹㶼˵ˣ
š˺ܶ, ˵ǵġ
˻Ӳ廰ô˵
Ҫ˵
֪뷨ˣ˻Ӹоί
ţǰ֪һ, Ҿû취ܾǡΪЭ, Ŀð˵ܵܺ;ŵܵ, ̲סЭһ, ȻĸԸ, ǻź
˻Բίˡ
߹ʣҪȥ
š
һ𣿡
һˡ
Σհһôԣ㡪
߹йҩֻö¡
߹Ͱ˻Ӷǡ
ǾȥɡƳ
߹Ͱ˻һơ
̫Ҳơ
Ƶݣ֮⣬Լ飬ͦõġ
ŵܵܡЩӣ¡ۺͻ˶ں֣˵໰˵ǣûϵûгƪۣŵܵѾˣͻȻ۾΢죬֪˵ʲô
Ƶǡ
á
ߣ㡣
š
̫𣬴ӴȰһһ˵
ذ߹Ͱ˻ӡ
߹Ͱ˻ȶˡ
ƵȻѲ⣬Ҫʱʱз֮ġ
ͷţ֪
ȫԼ£Ԯ֮֡
š
žܶԺܺԡ
߹ѹص㣬ʲôʱ
Цһûߡ
ԺڹסˣҪǲ͵ǡ˻ӵ
ͷ
ĸãߵʹſڣԶԶؿվǰʡ
΢΢һ١
߹С򽫾ģ
Ӧǰɡ
˻ӵ֪ҪĴ𣿡
ոдһţ˵¶
ʵ򽫾ĴţҪһΡ
˵䣬ߵſڡ
ǰߵǰ
ʵҺһΡ
ļ΢΢һҡͷ
Ķһ˼û𣿡ʡ
ǣʣϲ㡣ֱӵʸˣֵҸϲԼҲΪ㣬ҽͣ½ŲǾͲˡ
㲻ͣҿ׷㡣
ʣе׷ңǲʱݣ׷ңҳӣȻǽӣ
ͻȻĬ
ʡ

ּᶨؿʵϲ㣬ƽȵϲ㶮ãԵ֮ҲףǰƽؼҸá
ͷһ
һЦּǿأˡ
һԲ
ߵ˸ǰӹ˻ҩ䡣
ƵĶǶ㡣
۾ͷתޣһɿس˻ʹ
뿪ıӰǱһһ۵Щ޷һʶ˻ڣҴһȻ뿪
㡣߹
ƵʵҲȫ
ǰ򽫾Ҳܡ˻ӵ
߹ͷᡣ
֪߹鿴رأƱ§߹ͷοҪӦøˡ
϶ڵģԾȺܶˡ˻ӵһ¡
Ҳ֪ʲôʱܼ߹᲻ýѡ
ôǣ϶᳣ġƵ
˻ӵͷ
һ𰲸߹
߹׳Щʵֻ̫ǡ
ƺͰ˻Ҳе˸С
һص˴Ȱ
̫ʣˡ
һͷ
ԼҪǺ¶߹˵⻰ǰοˣҲǰοԼ
˻ӵͷ
Ƶţݣи˵Ļǿ󡣡
ЦǻСǿ͸ӡ
߹תͷ˵ö԰
ֵͷ
̫ȴǰĿͶơ
תͷ̫
̫ϽתĿ⣬ȻֿƵ˰ɣϺõĲ裬ǳһ
á˴Ӧ
һ裬뿪
̫̾Ϣһ
ֵж̫︣ĪҪģϸӡ
ƶ
һ벻ôȰУֱû˵
̫šüʲôҲ˵̧Сá
ƴʱص˻
Ʊ˯
СرôԱ˾˯һҲ֡
Ƶͷ
²ߣūȥһʱ֮ٹι
ƵͷƱС뵽Сʱһһһ˯ʱ⡭˸еûʮһӺʮܹˡ
Ÿ磬Сʮһӵ
ʮӵŹģܺÿ졣
ҡǰա
ƸϽס
ʮһӵʮܣСˡ
ľмʮӵ
ʮһӷʮһۣͻᶥ죬ˡ
ʮӽ͵ϵ㵲ҿС
ôϡС
ϡ
ϡԼһ
ôʮ濼⡣
ƿЦãȻίķʽӵ¶ȻֽһЩɰĹ£ȶСӵҴһֵš
СӲ뿪
һ磬ȥȰ̫밲
߹Ͱ˻Ҳڡ
һ֮
Ҫߡ
̫ƶĸһɡ
Ƶá
̫߹ȥɡ
߹Ͱ˻ӻһۣȻӦǣ߳Ȱ
̫ůߡ
ǰš
ǰ̫£Ҳ
˶档
˸һССĲ輸
̫˺һڿƣƶ⼸գҲܰɣ
̧̫
̫֪֪ˣ㲻˵°°°ֹǡ
ȣĸô
̫˵Ļ˵ô֪֪ģ
š
̫һЦƶѽĸһյؿ㳤İ
۾һᣬͿʼת
⺢ӣĸû˵㣬ʲô̫۵˵


236 
ĸ, Բ𡣡Ƶ
̫ʣƶˣ
Ƶͷûаӣһһ·ѹô, Т
ĸûй㰡̫סƵ֡
ѹ, ̫, Щʵĸ
̫ʵĸûй, ĸǵ㣬֪ǻʵ۰
Ƶͷ֪
᲻㸸һһ̫һֱͬ¡ôɣ˵ˣ¡۵Է, һһɽ
ôһ¡۲ЪѡŮ˼Щ깬ﶼûнˡ
¡ۻڶɡ
񴲻ᡣƶ
̫裺ǻأ
ƵҾͲҪˡ
̫ʣ
档Ƶ
˵̫ˣֻﻹµĵ, ĻԺӡ
̫˼һԺû취ӵ, Ʊҵĺӡ
ײġ
ʲôϵǴκү, ҲҪרӷϣΪϲԺһκĹ¶, һׯ, ΪκЩ, 硢ʺͻĸʡġ̫󣺡ĸ, Ұδһж, ֻѹҲ֪˵ܲѹ
ĵġ̫սƵ֣ĸЩҲܶ࣬¸ҵسﲻܣҲͻȻʶǳˣԼ뷨ĸ㰴ջĸ뷨ӣܵģĸܣĸһֱƽƽ֣ҲҪˡ
ĸ̲סſ̫ºۼϿϱһ˵򣬲һλ̡
̫ƿ۵òˣƵԴǸִ֪ģĸѡϲϲɣƱƱɣֻҪԼܵ˺С
ƿ޵ĸˡ
̫˺ˣˣˣޡ
ٴǻĸ̫ǰ̫ſ̫ѿޡ
Խ˵Խˡ̫ô˵ţϻƵ˺ˣˣϴͻĸȥɢɢͻĸ˵һ˵顣
šƱŨŨӦſ̫һȻϴѣ̫һС԰ӣСʱ˵һֱ˵š
Ƹ̫ʢ
̫ˣһҡ
Ƶͷ
ֲ̫һ䣺һ˹
áƵͷ
ţʳ
ĸ˯ɡƵ
̫ͷ
ȵ̫˯ˣƲŴӴȰһŴʯͷɵسߣԶԶؿ߹˻Ӻվڻſڡ
ܵܣ߹Ͻܹ
ơ߹
˻Ӹܹ
Ŀ񴣺ˣ
ͷ߹Ͱ˻˵̫˵
šӦ
˵ʲôԼ̫Ƶ⣬ﲻɵõġ
Ƶ˵Һ¶
Ȼ
߹ʣĸ֪ˣô֪ģ
˻ӵĸ˵ʲô
Ϣơ
ĸܴǿǵճΪ֪ˡ˵֮󣬿һɫصӣһЦˡ
߹Ͱ˻Ӽ״һʣĸͬˣ
Ƶͷ
߹˾ϲѡ
񴳤һ
ĸ˵Ժ󣬾ȥ
һ΢΢¾ȥ𣿡
»ĸ˯ȥƵ
һ𣿡߹ʣ˵һȥ
Ƶһȥ
˻ӿ񴡣
˲¥ƹλţʣҸ׼ʲô
߹ֱӵ׼ʲôûá
ĸϸϸ񡣡˻ӵ²͸ġ
ӣรɡ߹
¶Ҳܲˣ˻ӴǷȻŵܵû¶ҽ˯
Ҳ˯߹
߹Ͱ˻ˡ
ɫЩ׵ؿơ
֣ߣȥ
Ĳɵظƽӡ
ƱССһˡ
Ʊ̫˯ˣԽƵĵط˯Խ
ƿʼƱС䣺ССġ
һԵãŵƣһҪ̫Ҫעʲô
⡣Ƶ
㲻һ
ĸҸ
һ̫أ
Ҳܣ˼˲СͻȻԡ
Цãֻǿ򶨣ȻֻƬ̫Ը
ӺƵĸˣ˴ȥ
һΣá
ˣ
ţǳϱҪŵġ
ţϱЦ
ҽ§ƵסƵĴֿʱҧһ¡
ҧҡ
ǰҧ
Ҫ
Ц
ȥɡ
һѣȻŹˡ
»ƽˣʱʱ͸⿴ɴվſڵȡ
ʱˡ
ƸϽǰ̸ô
ɫ糣¡
Ҳ¡Ƶ
ֱӵ̫Һúô㡣
Ȼأ
ûˡ
ûΪ㣿
ûУ̫ܺ˵
ôģ
ģĺ̸̫ڹٳ̳࣬һֱ֪ô飬Ҳûдƭ̫˼ңԴͷβǹʵʵ˵һ̫󣬻̫ޡ
ģļͷ
Ц̫˵Ժ㸸˵
ƵҺĸ˵
ͷ
ȷ֮󣬱㿪ʼͷж
¡ۺǲͬ⣬գ̸ֺ̫ƺһʵ
ûãʹ֪ƺһԣ𾪵ͬʱƺ̫ѧ﷢飬ƺ־һжˡ
һֱסƵĺ֪Ϣ͵͵˼ᣬȻʵʵظѧϰ١
ʱѾ
ԽԽ䣬һʵۣڴκô¥ƹǣɳһκףԸκүס
¡ͬˡ
¥ƹʹκʼ޽ٵóնǳԽһĺ¡
ƿϰԽԽãҲģȻԼ飬ũ˾̫ҽԺ;Ļ̫Э̰ס
ƱһˣðװֵģʵʵҪϲڻʵڲ㡣
̫ͬ⡣
ʮһӺ͸ոѧʮӹʰʵæǾƱ첲ȡ
Ÿ磬СأʮһӺʮһʡ
ָָԱߵϡ
ƱɫҵĶǶڵ̺ߡ
С˲Ź⣬ĵƱǰͿʼˡ
ʮһӵСȺôְ
ʮֱʣϵź𣿡
ʮһʣΪʲôź
һ鼮һߵֵһһڵġ
ʮӵŸôۣ
ƱͻȻһǸʮӵĻ
ЦСҲ
Ʊ֡һ
С̫ɰˡʮһżƱס
ʮӸס
СӰһСС׵ֱС
ܵܣͻȻ˽
ƿ㣺磬ôˣ
Ԫ״Ԫˣ


237 ״Ԫ
ƾϲʣǵԪܵܣ
˵ûǵԪܵ, ԪʥּѾȥ¸ˣ
ͻȻһοԪӡ
ĸ¼ʡףʱԪĸĸѾȥ¸ĸ, ܵ´¶۸, СС, ˵Ҳ
Ŷ, һϷʹ¼ҷּң¸ĸԪ´¶ƿء
ĸؾʱССԪź׷
ʵڿ, ͸Ԫһšú项ĽƣԪú飬ϣԪ֪ͨʶıˣ߳һԼ·ӡ
Щ, 㡢ɺܶ࣬ÿҲԼԪ棬֪Ԫĺ飬û뵽״Ԫ, ϲʣĸ֪𣿡
֪, ˵һȥϼ󡣡
Һһȥ
̧Ʊһ
ſźǶļƱ, Ǹ֪ͼ, һֱлżʵ, ԼƱǳǳ, ᵽһƱ, ƱĳԡȡáȵȶҺһģһЦСô
Ʊתͷ㡣
ЦűƱһС
ʼƱҲҪȥϼ𣿡
ƱС첲󱧱
첲һֱʰ飬첲ᡣ
Ʊգ۾ȻСԴͷƱˡ
Ц㡣
ЦȻֻҪ˵ϲƱͲررһСޡ
ȥϼɡ
ߡ
㱧żƱǰ档
ʮһӺʮ׷ŶƱ

Ȼ뵽ʲôͷҪҪѣ
ôʮһӵ
ʮӵͷС¶Сƨƨû¶
ƵĸǶѡ
㱧źǶƱǰߡ
ĸһϼ
ڽϽˮ
Ʊ˵ذУƳϼʹȰ֮߶ϲͺͰ̫
ĸǰ
Ʊ§סĲӡ
ڼƱСһ£ӴôʹǶˣ
ƱͷϵСǶ
Ƶû¶·Ҳûбˡ
һۣСʱٴһԸ⣬üƱ¶¶ƨƨģСӲҪ񴲻ڣ͸Ϲ
Ǿȣַ㣬ƱҲϲӡ
˸ƱüѴȻ󶺼Ʊ档
ʱĸ˵Ϣ
ʲôߡ
Ԫ״Ԫˡ
һ٣ŵؿ㣬ֿơ
ֵܶһͷ
˵Ԫ״Ԫˣ𾪡
šͷ
ƵӲ˵ѵġ
̫ˣ˾ĸ飬ҲܸˣԪԪĲ֪Ǻã۾˵Ԫ治ס
Ƽ״ӹƱ
ճᡣ
ԺԪԽԽõġ
ͷʣԪʲôʱ£
һ磬ʣνֻص¸
Ǻʱʡ
ĸҪȼգʱĸԪһ㿴һƵҺ͵ܵһϳԼԪܵܡ
곯һҪȥ״Ԫν֡ƵúÿһԪ
úúãǻԺ󣬺ĸ˵һ˵ԪӡĵͷƱĸѽ
Ʊò׵ƻԸߡ
㶺ѽĸ
ƱƵĲӡ
ѽ
ƱСؿڡ
ѽ
ѼƱÿЦͣ
ʮһӺʮӼС
ϼ滶һƬ
ƴżƱȥ̫󣬴ոϳڳ֮ϼԪ
ԪҲˣӳˣҲˣ״Ԫһһ۵¡۹ݡ
¡۶Ԫؿ䣬Ԫ̫ѧ顣
ν飬ʵһƷС٣״Ԫһ塣
Ԫл䣬ȻմκǣԴŻʹνֻؼˡ
֮ʱһۡ
ƳԪһĴָ
ԪһЦ¶װ׵ݣģÿ͵С磬ˡ
Ƶͷ
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˵󣬿Χ˺ܶࡣ
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յƵĶߣѹˡ
͵͵һ
ͷЦ
ƿⲻ񴣬¿ԪʱƳһϤӰתͷȥ


238 еѽ
ʲôأʡ
Һ񿴵ˡԴĴҽ, Ʊûټʣ˵ȥ߽ˡ
ʡ˳ƵĿ⿴ȥ
Ƶͷš
ʣҪҪк
ˣԶˡƵ
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֪һȦ, ֻ, ƺ
Ƶ򽫾, ò
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ƿϴǳɫҶֱ֣Ϊ׼ģϴĲѣ

ҿͦġϣÿˡ
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ĻһǸкܶѵġ˰ĳߴģûٶ϶кġ

ЩȡˣƵ㵽ô¶
񴲻˵
һ϶ˣˣ
һˣƲʣҲ֪ô˵ڵȵˣϽ˳£š
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һֻŷ˴ʣס˴Ϸ羰ԼԳһ޳Ӱ
ˮһ¹ΪҹһĨɫʣֱɽ
Ʊˣ˸͸ʸ˵İС
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ʮһʣŸ磬ôôѽ
ǶȺþˣʮӵ
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߹ʣܵܣɤôˣ
ǲǽеѽʮһʡ


239 
߹ʣʲô
̫, Ȼ󰡰УɤӾˡʮһӵ
ҲƹҲƹʮӵ
߹Ͱ˻Զû롣
ȴ, һξͺܷ, ̲ס׵һۡ
, ˣʱ̫ˡ
ưšһϸ
Ӳŵһȵˮͺˡ
ԶԶ, ˮͺˡʮһӵҾǺ˺öˮȻͲˡ
ҲϵҲϵʮӵ
ʮһתͷʲôǣѧ˾
Ҿϵѽʮӵ
ѧ˾
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ʮһӺʮֳˡ
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ʧ룬Ͻתƻ, ȥȵˮȻĸ밲
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Ϳޡ߹СʱһԣҪҡ
߹Ц»ǣҾͲˡԼ룬Ҳĺá˵ܵܺ;ŵܵܣСʱЩһ𵷵ӣһڱ߽սӣкܶܶû꣬¼ǣûٳߡ
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Ҳ֣
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ʮһתͷһ㶼ˣǸϽŸȥһȺ˽˽˴ӡӡӦ롢Ļӡӡ㡢߻ӡʮӵϼҴڵˡ
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ҶͦõġƵ
ûоŵܵܺá߹
ӵŵܵн
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ũ˾˾֮λӵ
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Ļӵоˡ
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ҡڸһ仰
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