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ҵ֮
ߣ֮
İ
Ƚŵøˣһ¾ȥ
ϱȽӢţøһҿŰŵӡһøҪǰȡ֮ȽȫҲͶʡδ
ܹѣǵùվϱӴ̨
ӵһǹʼźϳȼĺȽſһȫµʱ
ʣǰñ򷢶
ִֶĺȶʱһ
еXĺֺݵϵ
ԤգϵͳֹޡСϵͳϵͳ·ϵͳ
ɵŴŴСͳ++СǹС
أϵͳСҿ
ݱǩ  ˬ Ŵ 
ؼ֣ǣȽ  ǣҳɡ١ܺԨ  
һ仰飺ҵ
⣺ǿ֮·ʼǿϢڿѧֹ̽


1 ۼ
ʥԪʮһ£಻˾ǣԭ˥ĶˮĳˢԽȡ
ңǰµ۵ǻССޱ̫ŷϻλĻ̿ƺԤʾŻʳδ
Ӻ̫̫꣬ڱ¶ɽո̩ұڣȰũѧͼΡεۡۡ͵۽񣬴Ӻǰοּ
ȻԶĺ¡
ʱţǿʢĵӺҲ¶ƣ̬ǻҵ֧ϢΪ̣̫ںת֧Ѳ̫һ
ɹĶ͵ҵҵڼĻʵۻ˵ƫƫλİۺۣһݻ޶ݼһݷ֧֮ﶼ˺üӹ֮ҲӺĸ̫̣ȻҲֲε׵۵ǻ
˵֣ʵҲֻǵ˸ͷʵȨ䡣
ۿʼƶȣſ˷ȦͱĽʵҵչ𽥻۳ƸҲ˸صĳǵҰġһǮһǹǮתŵĲشԱȨΥѲʲô˵ܡ
ѡ˭ϻλϣҲǼĺĽ
˴μλ3׵ۣıǱжɵĵطˡΪ̫ü뱱뢣ĶӲѹϵֵ֧ɹջȨ
Ȼ֧ҲǲҪرġ
µ۵ǻʼ̫˼жĹԱ󣬲ܿ޸˰ɷ˲ָұ˰ѣ˽ＰƷͨ˰
һϲֲ԰סˡϿΪ׵ϵڳƵƵѣǿµ۵ٲά衣
ѣ̫ԳµΪټɾʮһʮھɾԪ״δ󳯻ᡣȻǻʼҴഫľףǨ󣬷ְĵصһֱھԪҲ֪ʲôԭָĻ˾ɾ
̫Яµۻؾɾǵ£һ۷׷ס
˵̫Ϊ֤µѪ˵Ϊ˱ӲҪ̫Ǩ˾ã̫Ҫѱ-ж˵ĿƣΪӺȨˡ
ʮһ³϶뾩ڳɺǿȻ·;Զķġ
ʮһ³ߣжĿ뾩Ϊ׼Ͽлƶȴϵ׸ŷҵЯлҳ˼ϿĴ̡лﱾ뱱һ峤ͬīڴѧԺѧ˽Ī棬˴αжϣһٳɡ
ʮһ³ţ忤뾩Ӻ֮㶨ĶǣԭǾصء̫ڱðľλڼ䶫鸽ʯǨ忤˱ɱϾǱ֮أĻ࣬ͿʵС
ʮһʮϲ뾩ϲϿȰ᪽߿ǰĩϿİͼ֣ΨжΪĵ죬ΪϽһ󵺣½·һǳ̲ӣˮǳû
ϿΪӺ̫ǰһսҲǰҾӪĴӪӺΪƽϢ֮ңʱ̫ӵ̫ڻʵ۽ϿһΪ벿ԭأ̾ҺǿǨӡʱӺѸٷչϲǽˮ֮鲼ֲ֯԰Ļҹϡֻʱʵ۵ǰ඾δֹϲӵǺԽһȿ򷪽ӺҲֻϲɳֱͳÿҪפؽʶʶ
ϲƾҲ˽̸صϿһλɹϲĽ⣬ԺٲܱҲƽƽ
ʮһʮģ٣̬Խӡ֤˻̫ͼ¯Ĳ²⡣
׿רһǣиҿصżʹںţվͷܶչʮʢ
ȵ׿ĳҳɴ³Χۿֵľǰոǰһٿظ߱ǿĿһ˲ţ北˸󣬾ͦʵݡ
ʱкµ˽ۣ˵ٿعȻţϮ׵ѪѳΪӺУףıСʵ۵Ľ˵˼զô˼ҴŵľզôÿأȻпıѩѩģõĿɶϺõľְ
ѹд̫빬ǰĽأҡ׿Ȼ˹꣬˱ͦò죬бľȨ游ȵۣضСǵȻͬն
ϧɥ꣬Ȣҳҳ񣬼̳֮λȣҲѰٻµͣʧСȼϣĿתλٿصϡ
׿ִĴգµ󳯻ټλ⽮Сʵ˵壬ȫ̫̫ҲǸ˲ţ׳³һֽ˵͢Աغ˶˿ڼ״鸮⣬Ϊһ˰׼
һرȻһƬ
īڴѧԺʳڣһɫ۵꼤ضͬ˵
ʮſʮز˵ļҲǸ˰ԺԼǮ˰ı׼Ǻ͵һµģȥ˿ں͹̶֪˼۰˰ܹ黹ܸ»Ǯµ۲֮ǰĳ˰㣬Ҫض˰׼ⲻ²Źأ
Խ˵ԽۿҪλŵͬæס
࣬ԣ
ʲôûҶô
һ䣬תͷһŲϵʳ͡
ţٿǺѣô˵
ţţ

šӷ̧ͷһ˫ԲԲӺ΢΢ֱƯ
ô


2 
ˣ˵ʲô㶼û𣿣
һơ
ʲôʲôãʱŷʱرרע˵ʲô
Ǹʳţ̫óˡ
źٺЦŹ֣̬ȵʮֳϿҡʵ̫ÿˣÿûöƢҲסǶŰŵһȻֱܿţƫߵַһʳķùͷ֮ǰĻҲˡ
һеۣʹȻֹ
˰ţһͬҲŤȽDˣ˵μũˣô
ţãûʲô¡
Ƚһ
˵ǿܳľӣԲŻһֱвѡѧԺҽѾϢ˵Ѿˡ
ԭ˯ѽ

ʵϲȽD
ȽDȻȽһǳݸ֮ңɰԸ׺ͣ࿡ҴӲ˽𣬾ҪӼüҾõͬҲίȫһ㲻Ǹĺӡ
ȽDȴȫ෴̱˵ƽһ߸ϵģͬխޣƫƫ۸ֵʵáճһļҲͬĵУѧԺв˴ıȵù˻ӭ
ߣҲǿڰŵϲŻһ䣬Ȼ˭ȽDСΣ
˵˼䣬˹ѰȽšȽźͼλͬкҴ뿪ܿʧڶʳſڡ
Ժķϰɣ˵ǰŵͬ磿
㣡ʲôͬ磬ϰ᪽ˣ밢ŵϼݸüأҲͬ磡
ŵԵ治ȻԺҲҵ֪²ţ
ɲǣŵҳɲҲԺϰһ󣿸ھУıͷܱѡޣҲ֮ӡ޶ˣҲ֪͢˰ô˵ղʰš
ϧȫֻ⣬ʶ˳ȥ
ȽϣоӪϲ֯СֳһȥʶҲ֪̳еķƹܡ
Щͬ˵ȴǲܡ
īڴѧԺṫԱĳڴѧԺŵĻУֻҪģܵõһЩõѶϢ˵ܶ˽ƽ̨չȦΪԼδ·ȽųȽ֯¶ڴѧԺܡ
иߵȽDҲڴѧԺͶȽ˵һһݣ°ֻһҪ̳мҵӣΪ֧ķҲȽDܹע
лλֳ
иλ˸Ҿ
Ǵ֧żҵҲûаңڵѧ˵þҪϵ֯
Ϊл񣬴˴ݼٱ֮ǰĻߴЩֶǣԱǵСɵĶ¡
óһſյģ̲סЦͬеˡ
ţڷˡ
ǰ˻Ρ
Ǹ꣬߳ŻɫĲۣϼһ˿ΪīԺϰʦĻѧʦӽܣȽŵİʦ֡
ʮֿСʦܡ
Ҫؼˣ벻ȥȿڿ
ЦСʦܷ롣
ҼȿдĶԶó׵Ĵ󴬡Ǳ߻ͨ̿ڰҵҪٰᣬ˵Ѿвٴӿжˣҵϡʳء
СʦСǺʢͣ͸èһְ档ȿǹó׵һۣǵһξٰ죬Сʦܿ϶סҪȥ
ȵжʶԶó׵ķ٣ƷʳСʦܻĸԸµġ
ǵģΪжһԶ̶Ӽ̳ˣٷǳϣȽ˲šȫΪСʦܵĳΪʦ֣ǳȽڻѧϵǱ衣
ʦĻѧʦӽܶ޹֣
ȻīԺٺԼֹڴˡܸʦҪΪ࣬Լảڻ꣬չύĻѧ󽳣лѧ
ȽžͲͬˡ
ͷݿīڴѧԺ˵ѧʱ򼸸ĿĽ̳ѧΪ˶ԻѧȤʦǰ£ȴѧԺһҵԺʦš
ӵȵһ촬ǰʦĵӸùϵԺǴı
ȻСʦܵԲԲӺˡ
һϲôš
ϲСʦܣԼҵܵһ
Ӻûŵ֮ޣСʦȻݷ֯壬Ǽļ̳ˣ˵Ƚϱλɾ֯ӴҪαӵġ
Сʦĸ¯ģͣȻ㲻ʲôڴľ飬˸ӵĹվһѧܹɣСʦš
Ƚϵ֯òŸ¯أǷả촬ð
ٽȴСʦܵԲԲְȥͷɥҡҡͷ
ʦ֡С̾һ
ԭǴȥȿڼʶһʢֻȽDǰղأ˴׼ټгҪһһһҪϲˡ
ҴݻȥȣʦҲҺúýⳡ֣Сܿ۰
˵ʵ⣬ǰû÷ٸеܾĲ죬˼ȽD
ĩˣĿֿؿǰꡣ
ţཻһЩ¸Ҳ㣬Ҫһȳǣ
˵˶٣ԥһ²Žſڡ
µ۳Ҫغ˰˵ճóһ࣬˴ǿֻ˵ͬٻ磬ȥһҲ֪ط꣬Ŷౣء
õøĵطűңҷԶųŻ


3 Զ
ʦ˵УȽʦܴܴʦֵĵͶԼȳǱ̸ȻȽű뿪ԳѧԺҽý
û˵ѣȷҪȽD
ֻҲδҪˣϾŵսڼеףֻҪְͻȥͳˡ
ûԪ˰粨ԭģȻԼȥȿڿᡣֻзͻ䣬µ۸һǻؿص񾭣ǰӿҲþȥ
ʦһ˵üԣθҾӵܻ磬Ҫ粨ˡ
ţԭ
һ£ŵȽżͷȴһӰվԼ
ȳӢлһ˿ڱĳ£ҳɳ˾˵ɱ֮
ŲźۼԱŲ
ᰢɣǾѥʵˡ㿴ͷ߲Ų뱻ȳɰϡ
ߡֻѣҲ֪ǳʲôģȻ׳
ҳ֪˼ЦЦҲϣת˵¡
ҪѰءпգҸҪ˸¥Ƶ磬Ҳա
˵ţӻȡһ뺯ݵȽŵǰ
ߵ뿪ʼұ볡ˡ㲻һֱ˾ԶôҸ׵һ˱㵽¥311ѰңȴȥԳ
˵뺯ϲʤؿֿ·ܴ濴һԶ
ѽѳǰȼϺͿγɿȼȼٶǲǱҪ㣿
Ƚ׳һ⣬ϧҳһ𲻳ҲգЦеؿǰ꣬Ŀǳ硣
ȤĵԶ˲һ˷ܵʱ۾һһŹ⣬СʱһֻԧСèرɰ
ϲѧ罫ȥѧɡ
̲סȰ˵ѧȻǱ߱ȽʦѾǹˣδƽ쳵طŹһݷ#ǹٶȿС
Ҹ׺ܵģַŻǹ뱱ߵϣǴ󹫹Ǳ߾Ҫ̫ƽˡ
ȽĬȻ
ĻǵһʦӽԼ̾ڵĽʦʱȫᲢۣīڴѧԺҲѾûˡ
˵̩ӵʱīڴѧԺǰīڣʱˮࡢİڣˮũߵħķ緫ЩǶʱĲ˵ǵֽīӡǸǺ
ʱīڸƶɵĴѧԺҲѧģݲɰٴһһľӢ޽Ȼްպ죬ȨĸԭḶ̌īڴѧԺʻŽĴӺһתֱ£˥ĺ볡
͵֮󣬻Ȩת֧㰲֮ӼλǻǺơۡ
ϻòθߴƫ۵òͨȲ֧ͬĽø׳Էһֱд˵㰲ͷ࣬ѪͳԣʵǷϢ㣬ȻҲǼλ
֪ǲԵʣ۶Լò⡣
˿Ըߵѥģ۷˳ǣԼԵøΰ׳ԺݻλʱһҪᣬÿչɽ亣ζĳӾмٸ˵ڹ챦ϵĻѣһ˱ֵϼȵ۵ڿ⡣
ƫƫԼһǮԱȴġλʱīڴѧԺľѣνͻصרڿûǮͰ䡣ʱؽ𣬽ʦзĳɹѸתΪ󡣰۾һ⣬ǿ̨רԽ˰߿ɴ߳ɣѳµĿ֮ѹɢ
ԴԺһ꣬ӺļͣͣһֱõĻǺ͵ʱĹ豸ķٷչӺڳϱ
һֱԵڣϱѾʣ޼ˡ
ʮ꣬ѾΪϵ¼ءëī¯ĻϸµīڳƷĸҲר¯úǳʺճС
īڴѧԺĽʦҲһ̨ԭκ޶Ӻһֱϰ͵ԶӺܸ㵽һ̨ǿǼѵõıˡ
˾Ĵҵģ𳵵ǩһͿܰˡ
ҳɵҲ̹ʣֱӱеŵ
Ƚŵ˵ͷ
ͥСɾʶ̳ϵĻ棬Ҳ֡
Ŀ¿
ʣҳЦˣһ
Ȼ£ȻǱ·

Ƚһİƣ˵
̫̫
˿Ҳʲô߲ˣܵǰ۾һգһգڴ޲ϾܿƷ
⸱ģҳɵҲ
Ȼھ͸һȥɡ
̲ס
ʼǶҪվ׼ӦòóǿԶ࿪һ
Ƚż̾ҪӦˡɻߣȻҽȽDȸԾȴˡ
С
С괹ͷɥְ֮ǰʦ˵Ļظһ顣
ˣ
ҳ룬԰ŵӡ
ջڶ¥ʫؽվͲˣĪǺ˰ա
ȽӣϽ硣
Ҫζ԰˵ȽDʵΪԴ׶ڶ¥еŮ˻һƹȽ游幫̸⣬ڽʳϳԾ㣿
ֱˡ


4 Ƚű

ٶȴجоѣȽD͵شӴֻĿڱƵҪ
εϱӵˡ
εԼס޳ǱƵĸլΧѹ˼ңլӽ߰㲻˵ǰһϳ£ɢĶŻ
վڷӵȵɫۡǲ˴飬ִȴΨһɫ
ΪȽϲɫȽʱɫČ^еġšꡣ
Ƚţ
ȽDҧ
ϱһǻֵӰ£ȽСȽһҲûܰӰ졣飬ʱ̲ƮͷŴҵˡ
ȽŵʲôãúЩɫ˰ˡ
еߺţȴԾɲòͬĴ硣ֻжͳČ^Ƚ飬ȽŵЩӶӳȽˣǰһլۡĸ׿ϣһ·뵽޳ǣһҲ֪˶ٿͷۼČ^ĴȽDĸеҪιϵ
ĶȽDһֱ˵ȽǰȽDֻȽ곤ƾʲô˵ԼǸСͯû뵽Ȼȫҵľݣ˵жɽĻᣡ
ҲȷԤϵČ^ȽշֻҪȽDҪ󲻹֣󶼻ᱻӦŵҲČ^ˣΨζԷȤ̸ֻĲ΢΢ΪǶȵȽDȽʮơ
ܺĹ£Ƚ޳ǰһ֯ò󣬵㹻һ˳ԺȲйҲ⡣
ȽDȴԽԽƽ
Č^긻ǿӸλͳĴǺɨϽ᪽ͳνռ¸֮أгΪһČ^Ϊ˷ȴ飬λֻңѵõ塣
ˣϲȴȽǸز׷ȴֻ˸ûôôû̵
ԽƽԽߺޣԽߺޱԽƫԼõƵȽDֶԽû˹˼ɣȻŸѹեƽ񣬹Դγãձصϡ
̫ʹʹҹ£һ۾ϱԼࡣ
Č^ΪԼڵ̫ݣǴʱ˲ӣČ^Ҳδػ˳ͷ
ŶնףČ^˾ġ
ȽḎ˾ϣⱲһҪúû渨Č^ΪĸŹǣµķ١
ȽΪʲôܺ΢ĩʱһڷôȽDҲܣ
ҪČ^ľˣҪȽČ^Ĳ֣ȽȫҲČ^췴ˣƲȢ˷ǸŮ
ڼͬͬעһǲҪ
ٹʮ캣ܻҹϮݣȽϵ֧׳ǳޱȵسսоսֻ˵ȽźȽ
ȽŲಡ꣬ݳǱҲӲдꡣΪ֧ȽŲȽ䲻ټȽһҹɢ˸
ȽҪɢģ֣˵ּ֧һͬǰжø֮֯µµһǿöô˵Ȩ֮Ѿãּ֧뱾ѰӿǱȽΪǿƣ׿֧ϢϢȽҵ֯Ͳֳɼң̨ˡ
һ뵽ϱӵľȽDͶԼļƻʮġ
ȽţȽҪŻᲡȽDȲôá
ȽȥжģٳΪδӢČ^ġֿѡλӦȽDġ
οȽڣȽһ֧ͲϾЩּ֧ҪλӵϾԲ˳ϾȻҶȽȽ֯ļҵǵ֧ӪģЩּ֧׷ҵİ֣Ҳûȥ֧硭
ԣȽűҪҪЩȥԼķҵ
ֻҪȽˣôµ׵س֮սǷּҵʱٰ߱ȽʱȻĴң˵Ǳ㲻ˡ
ע⣬ȽDӺζ
ζĶӣСһͬεĸ
ζȻѧС˵ĽȴʮֹھǶ⼸꣬ζ㱾ûѧԾɾĶĳȴʮĳͽֻҪǮõλҲʲô¡
ǡ֪иõĻǰ
ձ׿ھɾ˸¥磬÷Żǹ޲жлˣһȻ֮
ȽҲμˣСõúܣʱܿΣա׿ĳҳɣΪȸ׸е㲻̾
ҪΪⳡ֮磬һČ^Ҳûô׳ͷصĶǷʱʵȨˣֻҪڣ¾ҲµҲûһɳĻᡣ
ȽDҪģǰø
ҪǶһȽҲûʲôֵģҪӴһЩҪǱƽ׬һʡ
ȽDۣһĿںζתתʵ
֮ǰҪȥ°ŵˣ
Ѿˡ
ζ˴֣Լ˼һĵЦ
СĿ쵶֣˵ܵĶҽҪ˸¥ͻʱҸῪʼ취˿ס˸¥Ǳ߲ǿŻǺôڶͷԤ˴˵־˵ɱʬӽ֪ӣܱ˭ֲˣ
͵źϢɣ


5 ȽD
ȽDԼСƻףµͷҲûиõļƻ
˭һۣϡ˸¥¼أ
ȽDеġ˸¥¼պ󱻳ΪıӺʷ̵ת۵㡣ⳡھɾĻң±жϲʧأҺ忤ˡ
ݵԶ֧΢ͷǹᣬ׿ĹǹҪԱ֮ǰڳڵըըǶƵģһ㣬ͻ˸¥ĽٻǺӽľʽըը˲˸¥ȼʮһµľɾԣܿУ
ҲⳡУ˽ǱԤıòɿ׿ҳȺ鼤ܣɱǻݣľµﻹڼݻؾ
ǻ̫ԴСʵھɾספغԭƽЭǨضǡһı߾ʮֳԽԭ忤ܵĮʯľе貼ѹӡľըըлɶҳϡֹң£ĴӺصĶͷѡ
ĻᣬߵϣǴ󹫹£˲ٱʹկϲҲʮ⣬غĺƵƵϮţÿÿϰɱӣڶ
׵ıǶݸ밶ĵ븻ϽڸԣǺϰҪ塣
ȽʱȻղಡ齣龫ǵΪݳǵסʮκϮţսбסһ
Ҳֻ꣬;ƿ֮ȽϷֱȽDһǰԭĳȼڻеݳǣӴ˶Ϊ֮ܵ̾ء
ԴΪ̤壬̲ʳ˺ȵȽDţѾռϿ꣬Č^ڵϽд˺˵ĺڷ罢ӣѵոȿ
һվʷĹյϡҹ֮󣬳ϵֱ޵ı׿ĳӻɾһҵֳʱ
ȽDץס
ˡ
ȽDתͷѪ˿һĨȡ
㲻Ҫȥ˸¥취Ƚŵ޷ƽƵЩͼֽȡңһŶҪ£
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ҪȥЩͼֽҲ˷ѣΪĳ롣
˵ţȻ˵Ƚŵˡ
ȽD봲齣һģĸĨЩɷۣԽԵɫơ
ȽŽʱ򣬿ľ֡
񲡵ĺأ˵ֻڴϺߺߡ
硭ôأ
Ƚе㱻ŵˡΪֻƣϢվܿ˭֪쿴ģȻҪۿͻˡ
ô죿
ſʼͷ
øݣԭŵøѾ֮㰲ͬø粡أ϶ҪȴҽȻ㡣
ػ뿪Ժȥҽ񳤡
˵ҪߣһԵĺζæס

ζúҪųˡ
Ƚȥҽ񳤣Ǽɾûһȥֱ¶ڣ
ҲǺءǲأҲûкأвȴʲôرĲ飬Ҫ
ζҲ֪Լ˵ʲôſڣҲȥܺŪͺŪ
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Ƚɻؿ
ҿˣʵڲǸɫѵҪҽҽΣ
ˣҽöˡ
ζҲ֪Ķһҩ裬Ƚǰ˻Ρ
㿴ǿ˷
ޡ
Ƚŵ˵ͷһԼ˸ڴͷ¡
ȻҪȥŻؼңߵջȥұչա
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ȽһúܣҪǼԼ˽͵¶ڡ˵պĺҹϮҪǲܼʱϻݳǣҪʧռҵĻ᣿
УСӴ
뵽װתѣسȽŰ˰֡
ζ֪˼æȰ˵Ƚ뿪˵үϢˣ˴š
Ǻðɡ
Ƚֿ˴ϵһۣת뿪ٵſڵʱѹԺζ˵
Щʱٹǵøҩ
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Ī˵޷֣޷طģֶͬŵԱܱˣ˵īڴѧԺϸ񣬸ӺУС˽Ҫ飬Ʀå첻
ζͷѷŴ˵
ʵɾҲûôأ˯һ¾ָܻپ񣬵±´ʳˣ
⻰䣬ںȻ˶
Ƚֵ͵͵˵Լо֮ǰ࣬ȽŲҪģɷȥ档
ֹȻࡣ
Ƚŵ˵ͷפſڣζȷϡ
治ҹôȻҽõй
Ǹҩʲôģҩңȥץ
ҽҽѧ³̴ҪãȻ
һһ䣬ζӦԵľƣүΧ
ȽDϵĺַ۲˲ųȻǻƣ֮ǰɫ࣬ȥֻǸ岻õĲˣûʱˡ
ɲװأһȽɵΪ棬治ȥ˸¥μҵᣬĶһٸ
Ǿ仰ȽŽ
뷨ȽDõ˵˵ŰȰߣԼȥӿڻ
š
ȽDϻȡһ񣬲ɷ˵Ƚŵϡ
˵Ҫȥ˸¥磬Ұ֪֮Ů˵游ɾ׶ףȥ̽һ°ɡ
Ƚѡ˵δɩ˴û֮ͥ¶ûиİСĵ˵⻹Ƿ塣
ȽD̬ȷǳ
ҲʲôҶԼݣΪѵģ˵͵ĲǾķƷīڴѧԺһöһֱīڴѧԺϧͷԲ⣬ҲһԸɡ
ǾΪѣҲӸֳӰܲ˰ɣ
˵ȽҲֻܴӦ
ʵϲ֪һӡظ֪־̰ᣬ·ص̴˰ƫִں·ҪĴûٱˮ
ֵĸҾӪӣû뵽Ǻͷﶨˡ
Ƚ뿪ʱȽDŴڷſƵ˸ӲЦЦ˵ĹŹ֡
Ƚſһۣ˻ֵ
˵񣬿Ծӵı飬ЦֲЦЦֻ̰Լڱصõš
ţֻȷҪùô
һ뵽ղԸٿҲҹȽDȽԽ¿ɡ
ϵ̧ۿ˿ַĴ
ֵֹģȻй


6 úͳ
ңˡ
ζſڴ̨˰죬ŽȽD
ߵ¥»һۣҿġ˵ΪҪת壬ѾŻϼףѲǸ⣿ҪҪ
á
ȽDһ
¿϶Ҫ˵ģ־Ҫ˲粻Ҫ岻˵Ҫȡ
һݳƣһȥصͶ־Ѿ˺塣Ƚݳܣ־µ˺ˣ涼û¶˽һҶ˴󺣡·ķ̴ƽȳǡ
־ɶˮķǲֻͶģҪֳ˷һңһصͶжʮܺոӰ檶ŮͶصҲط֮ء
Ӱ
ȽDߵ
һգӰΪԻ˶ӸûȥμҵᣬȽżӰȻҲͲȥֻʱбܡ
ǿҴһŶµģеаţÿ±ų΢⡣㰲ŵˣֵʱһע塣ȽûͳȥʬϱȻȥʬʱ㣬ò֪ҰŪˣǸǮ
ζͷʾ£ŲҴҳȥš
㣬Ƚ˳ظϵھɾĹۡ
Ҫ񲿵ĹأҪԱһסվ١ǨǮ޽¾ǵĹҺͳǷˣʧޣԭĻʼվͲסˡ
ǽĿֻԼ취ƴϲһӰ³һջפͨס޻аȫϡǮõĺ϶ҪôסѵĹݣҪôֵ̼ıԺ֮ǸͨҴҵģڳиضլۡȻǲûط١
ȽŻǵһҡȻҳɴСʶǶǸ游׺ֳӦʱǳǳ֮ΪѣīڴѧԺ֮ˡ
ҵ˺òͨԺûãһɫװҳŶ룬ϻЦ⡣
ˡ
Цصͷ´һװ⿡ʡ
⵹ҲǿףҳɳϮ˸ߴ׳ص㣬ھУĥĽʵǿ˵䣬խҲ֪Ե˶Сӡ
㣬ⲻΪϵô
ҳɻЩ˼
ɲڰǰԼΣ˭֪ǵԱУÿľȽҵİ
ҰŻȤȻСȴñ˶ö࣬һҵʵ⡣
㲻ҪҵôڳͣںԺûˣҴȥ簡
һ˵𳵣ŵ۾˲ˡ
˶˵ɾ͸ɵӣӿֱԺ
һԺŵ۾ֱˡ
ڵԶǰԶһȻһ˸ߵĵ׼ܣɱصԾ࣬ٿ߸߶Ĺ¯úˡ
⳵Ҫôߣ
ȽųתȦСβ¡ĳڡ
嶼ˣҪôú
ú⳵յú͡
ҳɰһͰ
Ǵ˾ڵĳúͣ۸ǲˡ
úͣ
Ƚ΢΢ü
ɽ´ôôҪӺ޽ڣ
ɽڰľεıڱӪúǱľ֧˴档
˾˵ƵúУ복л¹ʡȼҰװڳڣһ˵þҪըţ˭ðأ

Ƚŵ˵ͷյͲͿš
һͰúͿ϶ҪˣҪϴӺ˹Ļ
˵û
ҳɵ˵ͷ
û취˼ҵ׼һ첻⡣
ţȻ󳯳֡
ſ⳵һ˱ɲɵúܣԼҪ¯ʱú
˵Ƚŷżϳˣڳоһ˸
Եȣͳ
ҳߵǰһҡ˼£ɫúͳ㷢¡¡¡ֹһð̣ҳϼʻס̣ӾլԺ
ޡ
ڸʮһµ紵ϵĹʹУȴһȼա
˶˾Ȼ涯ˣ¯úӲҲǰĳȻˣ
ľȼ϶ĳòЩüĿϧѾľҲû֮ˡ
ͻͻͻ
ҳɵĳʵ̫ˣǾɾĽ·Ѿ˲̨úĳӻг˰ٷְٵĻͷʡһװͷƽ˳˹ģֿһȫӺѵһĻ󳵣һ·϶вС͵͵дװķŮɣɴֱӴڨܲһ𶵷硣
ǲûؾ˶ٴԼڼʻҳǺһ磬³Ҳ˲١
̲סСȽűԹ
ڵĶѾôȻСӵ˴ڨŵҲײ
⳵ȫӺֻһѵһĳ滹λ˼ȻҪһԡ
ŹɵὨ顣
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˰ɣ
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ˣȥ˸¥ղżϢҪԶȥޣôҲҪͷٻȽDɡ
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ô
Ƚſһۡ
˵ʵ밢ɲ࣬ӺУȴǸ죬˵ϯ
ȥɻ棬ݼڼңоͬŲ磬е˼˵ʲôɹաĽѾáˡ
ģ⻰˵Ҳ̫Բˡ


7 
Ƚŵԭصصɾż崬ӣͷˡ
ȽҵѪȴСڱҳ󣬱ҷ򸾴Ϊ׺졣
ִӣҲȽүĵİ塣Ҳûй˼Զ󶼲ݷּ֧˼
Ƚ֯˿֯ﾫǺϲݳƷÿԶó׶ܴ޶
ʱֵݶ翪ʼӰľδȽϴҲ˷𺽣һԶóס
εĿĵǺޣӼƻӰؿڳظԭжԭװ˿͸ֻӶٽ躣֮һ·ﺣޡһκ̵ʱ˵꣬갢ŶûͬһꡣǼ˶ȽæȱĲֹȽһ糣֯ȽǢ̣ķĸ׺λɩɩ
⼸ӣжֶֶŮĸ׵Ҳüį

뵽Ű̾˿
˵ȽϺȴ֪ǮƻܵҲûôסȽǸ壬֯Ҳ¡Ǽ游ڶҵֻ֧¾Ƿּ֧ôô죬׬Ǯ֯ߣҪ⼸ܡ
Ƚѵһ֦ͬҪơ
һ֧Ȼڶã˵²ܳãͶȻǶƵġǰŵԣ˵˶ɽ߲ܡȽҳݵһ壬˶ӣּ֧ѳֵһЩ뱾ʱìԽƽ⡣
ԭδҪصعɾӿڵǽǧˮ·ȽдҲҪ£˵Ҫԭ·۷¡
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Ǵʱг̣ԹɾȽD磬˽İš
ҲܾöûˣлЩСڴ
еֳһֱΪչˡҲ粻λֳ˲٣ѳɼӣճҲ࣬һͬˣ
꣬ͬھѧϵȻ׽
˵ϴμ绹ڳʱڣһҲаʱ䣬Ҳֳ֪ûУȫҵһ˼ʣ
ŬȻԼ¶ªı顣
ҳɿ˿ӡ
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ϡ
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ͽݼµۣص֪ط־Ҳ֮һ
صСǹְ΢ûͥݿɹޣֻ˾¥ļʱŵء
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Ӱ֣
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ӰֿɻǵңȽҵȽţ̫ˣȽDһ
˵ţӻȡö״塣
梣һֱīڴѧԺֱ㹺롣ԭԹֻһ齣ֻҪҴΪת֡
˵⻰ӰԭǲҰ˲䱻ͨ졣
ݺݵذȽŵݹڵأһĭͲûֱˡ
aMƏˡ룿дˣƨ
Ƚұ𿴲ˣȽDǽīڴѧԺôβ̵ȥˣҸȽţΪӷǼҲޣǲеǮôһֵ̼ķּСʲô⣬Լˣ
ȽűһĭҲҿ
֪ȽDѾдסҵȷûȽǮɷǹݣټС㻹ҪȽDһġ
˵»ΪòСĸǹѣ񣬲ȻҲ綩¡ȽDдžҪԼ̬СûʲôǵȷȽDǷ˼ңʮֲƯ
Ӱ֣֮л᲻ʲô᣿
Ƚ̽ʵ
绹ȥ̽磬ȷҪת梣ôȻ˵Ҫˣ
ʲô᣿СŻм٣Ǹűе㿴⣡
˵ţһˤȽϡ
Ƚæӹһŷ⡣
Ȼ֣һƪϸ˷ҵĶ񼣣ŰѷҲ˵ʮֲŵĩˣȽDһһд׵뷨нĻԼ˶͸˵޹
绹дء
һͺˡȻúζŽ˻ԼΪνҪһģ
޷ȽDȽŵ˵ĹŹ֡
ɱϾݣȽôҲܺͷ˵ȽDĲǣֻúҺһϡࡣ
޷ȥȽDۿѾ˿ʱ䣬ֻüһԼֽŲҴҵظȥ˸¥Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬ѡСﳭ·ţ͸ое㲻Ծ
ȽŶһˣŶԵϤ߹հ˹רϰ·꣬Է˾롣յҲĸߡһ飬м׳ʮֱ뺷۱һ˰̹ᴩ»͹òʮбʶȡ˾ͱȽͨˣеȣԼʮͷֻĲˡ
Ȼʶ·Ƚȴʮִţ˦ҲתԲ
Ƚʵ벻˭ҪıԼҲ־ܣ˼֮ȻһͬۿǰҪû·ˡ
СӣȽŵǻ飬ӿ㻹Ķȥ
֮һƿڴȻ
ȽŲ嵽ӾͷһôȻɵط߸ߵǽͷԺС
ȸֵһɽԭ˫ֻǺܶǰѷáеĵԵɽţǰȸ֣˸¥˫б档
ͣĶǳҪԱѲְȻ֮ءȸϲлʳ׿ıӽ翪ʼЩ˸¥ΧΧܲ͸磬ֻҪȽȸ֣Щؾ棬ƦȻΡ
ĹؼѸ½֮ƽѸٵشƽڵķϲŶ󹥻
ȽŵĿ⣬ڲԶϡ


8 ɱ
hʼҵĩ꣬﹩ǶսԪɱ¾ҲǱĶǳ߾ļҾ죬ຮս£˵һȥ˾ûˡͽǶͽһһݣԴƽǵף˻ǰϢ
³̩ǴﻯѧīڴѧԺĶҲһԾΪӺξġ̴͢ˣ󲿷ֱ߾׹żս޲ʤɽȻɲϣȴǷơӡȢѧûȥh㡣
ö֮˫ṹĽҲʧޣ𽥵㣬ȴ
ȽſеҲһ֦˫
˫ڲṹ۸ӣƽ̹ڵɽĽṹʺء
ڴܲµ˵ĿҪƱɱʱǿ϶Ҫʧȥģһƽ̹򣬶ԷҪʹɱ֣ʱԿĿ϶Լ
ǰͬ˫Ľṹ֪֮ꡣ
УԼսhҹ˭й㡣ɵѶǾУǿ϶īڴѧԺԱǿö࣬Ľȴīʤؾ·滮ûжһԩ·ɹʱ̷
Ѿȥֱ꣬ڻѧԺԱǽֵhսѾΪԱУĹ̶Ŀһֱֵڡ
ΪԪϼ·߹滮ʦô֪ܲĽݾأѸһżе·ͻϣܰѺ鳹˦
Ȼס
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һ˲䣬ȽŵתͷԷȻҲûϵͻȻڵûʱӦյʮףһ߳廹һ߳ɤŴ󺰡
찡ʸ磡סǣ׷ҪǷߣ
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ססɱأ
ȽһߺһܣҪһúĸΪͬ飬Ϊͬ飬Ȼսһš
ǾԲһģΪϵóǱ־Եĺ͵֣˵ǿзǹαػҵƦȽźεºܣȻԶ北
Ȼ󵼣˺ܿսһš
ǹھѻʱǱɻɽսսֵԼһʵǿеֵһ˵ΧҺh۸ӵĹƲֻþǹ
硪
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12 ج
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ҵ֧Ƚֵ֧֯ܲͣȽҵĻҵҪֱĸ͹ǺͿˣܰټļάֵͰһǱȻҪֶΡԼɾͶܶʣ٣ҵ֧Ļɣֶζʤλ֣뼸λֵܹϵò˵ĸȻ׼
ֵΣɶˣǸŵĸʲôȻһֱڹЩҲԼĴԹɺɡԩͷծλСҲ˲ǿɲֲǷǵĸˡ
˵ȺǵĶԱȣҪ಻ɵˡЩʵʵȽˣѪԵϵݣһܳΪǹ¶ĸڿ˵ΪȽһ壬Ҫּҵʱȴֲǹ¶ĸֻŰѱҵǮ§Լҿڴɵȷǵ׶ӣɿƽѩǵƾʲôᶼ᣿װƼװѾϸĶ͸ˣ
¬㶼ǺͿˣܿͨ˹ϣվȽһߡֻҪ֧ҵǵĺӾ֮ӳˣȽ֯ҵʵӪ֯ҲûϵЩϲ£ɲǵģ
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¬ȻѴĹǣָǱЩӷּҵıֺޱ˵һ顣

һһ߲Ƚλߡ
Ȼȥλֳɥ£򣬹̳Ƿ
ҪּңȻƲңӺϪֿⶼǼȻֳҵͲܷ⡣
Լ£ֹ˵Ҳ뿴ʮŷ֧ʲô̡


13 ּ
ֻȽԶԤĻҪļȽź߸ոջɥǱ幫ʹʮżҷ֧ͷţڣ߲ơ
ֻһȽţ˶Ǽ˹һɫְףһλּҵűϢ
ģ
Ƚñܿ֡
ȽDôҪƦ춼ץˣɱҵ¸ס׼ȥ״ɣ
˵ţȽDھǵΪһ飬幫ɫں콻ʮżҷ֧ҲһʱﾲΡ
֮ǰˣҵжʣǸմޣûȨȽҵĲƲЩѸЩǮˣվˣ˵ҪļޣܲܰȽҵĻҵˡ
һ˵ӿۣǱæҪ°Ƚ֣߳˳űǼѸ̸ּҡ
ȻˣЩЩּҲǳԸɷģȽ֯ôķּҶʮ֧йףЩͶȥʲҲǲˡ
ֻû뵽ǣҵɾȻûö˶˵ػصݣúܶҶùġ
һûϸȻͲ󣬿ҲʵʵıҼ̳ˣ˭Խȥ
ȿȡ
幫ɤӡ
ϳɾο֧ҵ뷨޷ǼɻˣȽЩùˡ
ùǺôģΪ˷ּǱ˵ĶɣѾ뱾˺ǸոջԵɣȰЩѸȻ״ķʮ֧ܵ˺ã
ɻھɾɽ𣬴ұضˡҶѾ˵ˣּɢٻһʲƣжɽĻᡣ
뵽幫ǵһĨ⣬ùȣٶȿ˵
ѪֵܣǵİΣܡСӼҼҵģҪء
ŮתȥӪǣйЩӦһ
˵ţߵаڷŵĹľǰʩһȻͷкͷˡ
Ͷɡ
⻰˫أֱӰǵⶼôûˡ
ˣˣ˵ǱǸҲΪĳԹĹǣʲôʱ⣡
Ȼû·ˣ
Ȼ˵̾˷ˡ
ţ㸸ѾȥˣǱҵ֧Ķʲô㣿
㣿
еȽſ˵ˣǷּҵʮ壬³ç𱬣֮ǰӵϽȨ
ǲĵ̰ģҲȺίߡ
Ȼ֯԰ҵ
Ƚɫص
ܷŻճǣӪǵĲֿ⻹ڣֻҪúþӪδزָܻԪ
ǻҪˣ
ʮһ
Щ꺣ƵƵϰĺһձһշʻľ׷ϺܵĵͧǹǶ˴ˣ͸˵Ǩ£ȽԭͲǶˣ°漮Ҳ½磬αطǵúʺĵأ
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ǱôҲܣķʮ֧϶ҪߵģСû֯ⲻôĵطȥƫƫҪһ⺣С֪⺣жۣܶרԶ߻жģȽȥĶ˹ţŶȫûҪ
λʮҲǸֱƢʲô˵ʲôȽҲ˼ֹȰ˼
ɲ˶һ뷨ģȽD游幫ǴҪѱһŹ¶ĸڶ
Ǻǣɲ˵
幫ۺӡ
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֪Ǹµĺӣûвɢϯ⾭Ӫ֯Ҳһһ֧ҵǷּԭչȭţͬǿŤһ£˳ȻԺ󲻹ܵǻȽˣҲչҵˡ
˵Ƚޱ顣
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幫ۺӡ
֯԰ûˣǼӪǺϪвֿ⣬µ֯ʮ̨֯Щ㰴ְ֧ա
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ǵȷȲңĪҪˣ˵Ŀµ֯һֽĿ֯԰ķʮżҿṵ̂ͼ֯԰֯ԭڼҾģɲһҵĹ͡
ǣһڼҾʣñɹʣҲǾôǰ游ĺ⣬¶Ⱥǵķˡ
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Ƚ˸ߣ˵㲻٣ֱ˵м֧Ϸա
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ԶɻԺŹеԿװڿǮׯˣʺǮĴѾʻϽڣҪĲǸͷòȻѡ
ڵȽֻʣһտӣûˮˡӪֿⶼѾȥĻƷȥһҪѲúЩ꺣½˲֯֯Ʒⲻʱ׬ǮλԶӣķʮ֧Ѿݵд󴬣ȽֻңȽ˲׷кڿ£ĬǲȡΪûɲ¿
ٱƣһ˼ҷƴƣҲٶЩǮҲ㡣
ͷ˶幫幫һ˵ͷ
ϱǸˣȻ˵Ǳ㰴˵İ졣Ҷǩ飬ȻһȥձȽķʮ֧뱾ҴӽּԿ֦ݡ
ĩˣװģضһ䡣
ȥ£߸ɻֻ֯ķֺȽǶ֮ңЦ۸ˡ


14 Դ

ȽźȻǰһ
ҪдȽķʮֻ֧ȡ֯ԷĶԷҵ˽ǲܶѾӱԷߵģбȽD͵ߵģͻ
ĸ˽ɴӣǿߵĴкüҶģЩ붼Ҫۼۡ
˵幫˲һӡ
˵ǽʲôȫһ⣬Լᣬ㡭
û˵꣬ͱȽŴˡ
ƽ￴ЦеûƢһ棬ȴȼλֳҪϬ
˻˸¥ԾƣȽžͼ޷ұɥ˳ҵͼֽģͣллĵˡ幫˵ɲȡΪ͵ӱ̹£幫ڼŵڣ᲻֪ɡ
ȽD͵ߵͼֽûõģҲ첻ҽ͵ƣҲÿʦûⱾ£ҲֻЦ󷽡ȫ¶֪͵ʦĶǻУԭﷵɡ
һ˵幫ӵۣȴֶﲻ
ЩͼֽͷӰ㲻ǽȽD˵дãպɿƽơ
ƽ幫ǲŵģСȻмִ˵һѧĻʦƽʱҲЩСʲôƽƵı£
ŵĿ澹Ȼдӽܵ
ǹ治ܻȥ
뵽幫ģ±Է̫ˡ
ЦŴ˸һȻ
Եɣͷӵǲ֪ġ
ŷģ幫ػ±ԷȻ˽ǷּҲûСĶԼ˺ͿŪˡ
˵޷֮¡һس̼˰Dú֮ٴ
˵úܺʼղͼֽģͣﺬش
ȽŵҲûͷϾĿľ±СԺе¸Ƶᴿ޺ұ¯Ѿһľ͸޻Щı
ǱȽDߵЩͼֽһЩСС֮ģûʲôô
幫֪
֮ǰͼֽʦǣҪԷΪ޷ͼֽʦֱʣֵǡһ幫ȻѽͼֽϣµıСԺͱסˣ
񱾼˶㣬ķʮ֧ȴͱˣӲƴԼұȻʧأֻķʽػءŲͬǷּңҲǵԼ¡ȴ붼ЩǣҪԼһЩ롣
ȻѾ˺ּ֧Ҳαװɴڶɵǩ˷ּ顣
ǩּ֧꣬ǨڵλټȽñÿտյ
Ƚſ¹öľƣǶʱƳģŸֵҲͼµĹ򣬼˱뵽̲סޡ
ĬۿͬĿ¡ֵվãֱȽųƽǰĵܵܵļ
߰ɣ軹ڵǡ
á
ȽҵլۡںϮʧأԭɵúͻ԰һѻ˲ԫϱڣһֻʱƫԺá
Ƚһţеطĸ׵Ժ˼ס
֣ͰЩܿˣչ˿˷纮µ˶Ҫ洬ˡ
ɩ޺޵ص
ƽմǲٵͷȴͶ˶ԼңҲһȺǡ
иԵǿ
Ƚҡҡ֣ʾϱҪ˵
ǰӣһ˲㣬Ҳ֪뵽ʲôðſ˵
ǼڱˣұǽסﻹҴϰδĻܹʮԪĶǮׯʮԪļױ
ºݵ֯԰ˣֿǵˣĻҪȥޣһ˵̿ҪķѲ٣ҲԪ
ҵļױһΪ壬ԼЩļƽ֣޵˻ҪȥܣǮЩʣ¸ͺ㡣
ϱҪ˵ǰ˰֣Ŀƽ
ҲҪƴǣЩҲࡣͷûˣǻСҵױŸǳҲòĶǣ·Ҫôߣﶼǵľ
˵Ӷץסĸ׵½¶µı顣
ĸһǴȰº͵ģ˵˼ұĺӶУʮֺ½еıܷٶ㸲
Ҳߡ
ԼĶŮ
ѩСֻúøǳ󡣡
Ҳߣ
¬Ҳżص
ҲҪļױݣҾݡ
ȽŵĶɩһֱܺá˸˺ӱ¬㼸޷ܡ
λϱ˵Ƚ˳̾˿
γԸﱲױĸףֻȽϱȻ㣬˵ǼҲΪλϱպ껪
ˡ
˱ۣתͷ
ʲô㣿Ҫءô
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ҡͷ
Ҿݡ
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ּҰ֯ˣ֯԰Ҳвټߣٿ֯һʱҲò˺ܶ֯뻹ǿάתġ
һǵĳɱҪӡʵЩ꺣޵֯ҲǱؿǵĲƥԶ˵˷ѳɱѾ࣬ۼһѹͣѾԽԽ٣ҵĴԶ˸׬ͷ
˵ȽҲ΢΢˿
ˣҲʱǼǾӪ֯ģǲˣǻʲôӪأ
룬İ
ǾȴɣҲרȥޣ͵شˡ֯԰˲ٷܵȰѴҵĸȥѻŵ˰ٺá
δȽ˷ԶھɾʥĶǮϿҲڷ
˸¥ը֮յ˺ܻݳǵجġδĿػһۡӶ˵׸һж߰˰ˣַּңȽҵĴһҽһҵؿ붫
ǰǮϿŻˡ
λ죬ڵһͰ˼ңǼ£
ʲôˣ
ǮϿԲۡ
ʲôⲻѾƺôǻ߸ɶ
ڳҪؿ˰˰𣬺ֿۺʣڽࡣȽǶɱҴ󻧣ȽҪûˣ˵ؽݸǶǸɷҪԲˣ
˭뵽ܾȻҽݸأ֪ʧ󣬾ƴ뵺ҪҲȱסݰ־͹ǶûǮĿ촬ͻ北ܰȺͽһ򾡣˭ĵعء
ǮϿ˺һȻץ׷ʡ
ȷȫôµ֯ҲҪǨȽ˵û˵Ҫȥ
Ҳ֪߲ߣӱֿػεͷΣȽϵķּҺ֧ˣݸ춼д𺽣Ķ֯Ͳƥ֯԰Ĳֿͳˡ
СĹǰǱߵĹºȾƣ˵µĶһ㶼ʣ£

ǮϿһĴȡ
Ĳ۸ô


15 ǹоô
ɲ۸ˡ
ʦүһƵƵͷ
ʲô취أһӹ¶ĸֵܵסʲôֻĿ˼ʲˣ
ûŵ㣿
ԲԲֵĿֶ
۸ڶŸû죬֯ͶҪߣǰܹٴܹܵǮǰ׻ˣȽҶʣɶⲻֳһҰô̫
һżϼðˡ
˹ˣǮϿǮҲʵ֪ô졣
ϻ˶ɽͷɲһ˸ȫһҹȮ죬Ǯصֱɴ˶ڸǻѪڴֶ̫ӵߣ˶ء
ȻزʲôòشϣܵϮšɴСҲһأǮǲںģп˲ǮǮڶҵԽԽԽãԼҲͥ
תҡӡ
˵ô죿ڸǮ˻²ֻҪڶһҶаǿǶû˵ʲôȽΪɶҪ߰
ּʮ֧˵ҪϼҺѿ
ӿ챻ҡˣɻǵӲͷƤؿصĻ
ԭ˰˵Ҫ֯ޣ޸һأ֯԰

Ǯðˡ
лƣ̫
Žָˡ
˵ôԺ˰¶أСʹ˰
ȽҵǮ֯ȥ޸Ǻʱѿ˰ͷˣٰ֯԰ٽܶɱңǸɽһӾͷˣ
ʦүĨ˰ѱһĭĵүҲǿ˼Һѿʲôɽӣǰĺٸ޸֮磬ˮ·ͨסǶ֮ǰһʺҰ
Ƚ˻ȥޣ֯ͷȫ˻ȥǶǷˡ
ǮָطһͨƢֿʼ
զ죿֯ͷˣǵϻʣɶͷ˰Ҫˡ
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⻰˵ģؽƸʦүȥˡ
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˵ǮҲɥˣĨĨ
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ָͺãָͺãȿȣҲָˣ
ǮϲʤһĴȡ
ɣïͷЭݣƽʱû¶ݸʰǷάúտȽһСͦ׵ģˣ͵öల˼ҵģһȥ̽һҡ
ǮȻǸѧıΪ˴ȴһ¡ïͷЭݣƴСãʵס˶һԪïͷľ£ԭݸҷĺȫ˼ձɢȥԭȽDмܳݳǣξȻƽȹһ١
ǮضصտȽһҵ⣬ҲڻԵɺ֮£һԵ
У٣ֵѲǰ
ݳнԵ̷Цеظк
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ݳǣȻﻹбջķûɣѾȶľҲָ
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ȥݷһɡ
Ҳŵģ˵ǿشҪصȽҵ֧㰲ЩвУٲʱȥ̽һȽˣʲôҪæġ
ʼҶΪѣ˵Ƚϵ֧˶ˣʣһȽ˴ϱѾӣȺóȻţⲻƽ׸̸鷳ô
˲֪ԭ֧ɺɻšȽӺУʦܣ˽񻹲Ƚ⸧˵ķ˻Թæ
˾ϲķλɰš
ȽīڴѧԺİףʦӽܴʦʲôضŪȽŲأظԭ͸أЩܶ͸СްŪľһ򵥣װϣ϶֮ǰĺã
ԼİǹǹɱһͷɻսƷҲƾսɹУ٣ȽŰæһ¡
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һ鷿ĴţȡǹȽǰ԰ڡ
Ƚоˮúȴ¯̧ͷһۣȵ
ͻڵǹ𵯲ֵôˣ
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֪ʶǰͻڢ󣡡
ɳ庣սдһͷ죬Ͻɻĺ⣬һ۾Ϳˣ
ɳ庣սѹˡ
ȽŻȻ
ɳ庣սïͷպս֮һΪԵĲǺܣке˵ղľ̽
Ӻڶһֱ񡣶ʵҲе庣˫⼸ʤ
ܿòͻڻǹôȽ϶ں٣ҵȼ͡ôսҲѹֻһԾΪУˡ
˵һֱͶϣǵ̫Ǻѧģѧȫ󻯣Ϊѡºֵúܲ죬ҪԭĻԼѧʱʶһƽ顣
Ϊ˱Ѫͳһֻڲ̫οͱ졣
Ҫ˵ʲôڲɻĹضǴӺֱϵϵڲóɻ飬īڴѧԺԺ濪̩ǶµĹأΪľǷֹֻκͯ洫ֵļʡ
˵ȽűվĶԻСӰҲ֪ôģȻͬϧ֮ǰˤûˣôûжСҲûг֡
ɡɣ
Ƚǰ˻Ρ
ʲôãʱ˵˵žͲ֪ʲôȥˡŵӶȺͨˣŻܽǵ˼·Ҳ˲ò
˼Ҹո뵽һС¡
űǸ
û¡
æҡͷ۽ɨһԸ߸ߴֽ¯ԽȽ˼ʲô¡
ɣǹô
СذǹݵȽŵǰ
ǹǰѺǹû⣬˵ػҪ룬˼Һ޸˵ޡҽɻǹԭӦȥеоƵģʱкŻҪͬھǹͱըˣǹܺͻȫΣ˵Ҳͷˡ
˵óأ翴ǹоô


16 Ƽ
ȽŽӹǹȥؿ飬Ȼҡͷ
ûþˡ
ϻʧĿ⣬ץץͷ
еô˵ֽṹû취ô
ƵǷˡ
ץץͷ
еǱߵһһģһģɷŽҩʱʱ©ͻںǱߵܴ󣬴û˵©뻹ǷƲ̫֪ˣУٵǰѳ㶼ˣڵ׼ͷ֮ǰ˲٣ǹ϶Ҳܸ޲
˵ţóڴĿ⿴Ƚš
ȻܸлΣŻǺܸɴҡͷ
油ˣǹ̫ˣҲըţҲȫ
ҲǹȤҪŵùң԰ǹһʱ䣬оо
⡭
еԥ
᲻ãϾԼսƷ֤Լٵʱ̡
ҲǼӵ£ܿ¶˾ġ
УͰɰұһˡ
ҲȽŻǹ𻵣ǹѾеһˣǻǹٻҲȥҪоŵ˵ǹоȡ
һϣǹȽŵС
ߵʱȽźȻס
硣
ǹ˵ߡ
ǹõʲô裿
Ӧþͨļͷֽҩ9׵衣
ץץͷӵûУǾеǱӦþھûˡ

Ƚŵ˵ͷδ˵ʲôûʮʧ
Ϊɽסʲô뷨ǹֻһʶѣûʲô
ʧˡ
ͷֽҩ
ȽŶеıǹ˼
粻֪еƲԭǹĽṹǹʹõĵ衣
ǹֵĶԶǸݵĸıģͻǺ޼ӿɳǹƷ׬ǮĲƷȴǹƥĵ裬˭Ҳ֪ǵʲôҩ
ʦӽھоɳҩѾһЩüĿˡ
Ƚ䣬ַؽ֧ͻǹ𿪣СĵؼһڲṹȻص˵ͷ
ȻʦķȷģֻŻڲṹĸʴ
СƿӣǷͨĻҩҩļװãײ̽󷽵ĻҩֱӰǰ˵ĵ
ְŪһҲ֪뵽ʲôԺת˺üȦȻ͵һİơ
ˣ
ͻܹ֮ΪȦƶҩװѹֿɳĻʦ˹ʽĵ֡ǵĵƵģֻһͷһͷƽֻſ԰ѡͻñڵͷǰǹʱͷеŻ㹻
ȷЧͬʱܵĴСҲǹͻڵȻˣҲǳĺһǹ꣬ʹҪѺܳʱȥ䴦ҵĴ͸ҲʮޣԶ߼У߹ķ
ȽſѾ⿪ǹ
ҪиĿռɵͺˣ̵ֱôôûаװС
ȵȣУ
Ƚŵͷ˸ֻǻץס㴫
Ǵ
Žһ۾ͿǰѾɢǹü
ͻڣĶģ
Уٽɻġ
Ƚ۾ֱϣЩĲɡ
˵ҪҰУôı¡
ŵı¿ɴء
֪֮һģ֪Щ뷨ҲԹԵؽȥ衣
ٳʱ򣬾ͼѾֻǹֱ췭ȥؿһ߿һ߶
ѵŲֱֱײװһɣôĵԺ󣬵ɵȻѹĵơ
輤ȥһѻŲǹܵĺ࣬պÿԽλƵĿյ·ĵɲܣǰεĵѹŵ뷢λֹװһܺǹܾͲܷһ𣬲Ȼǰõɻŵ裬Һװá
ǹʹõĵҲҪƣڵԲλǼͷ趼ãͻⵯ״ǲҪǻҩװٶЩͺˡ
ֹ˰죬˼άͬȽŴǸţǼˣһ·ʱͨͻȥɵתһע˵ʲôʱҵˡ
ʲô£
Цʵ
֪ϰߣָָе롣
˵æòţҩҲȵһûһٵģҹල㡣
һ˵ҩȽŵͷ̾ʹŤһš
˰磬Ҷ˿һµҩˣұҲû¡
û˵꣬һɢζĿͷŵǰ࣬Ȼ²ɻء
̾һҲٶ빾һ¡
Ѻȣǿ࣬ɬŸֵζ
īڴѧԺҩҽøĲҩǰڴ춢ȣһڶɡڻݳǣȽ˺ȽæŴƺȽŽ˼졣
ڳˣŵĺûˣ
ѵһڣȽĨ˰죬ڨڨؿʼתƻ⡣
Ȼʶ㣬֪ͻϡ⡣
Ҳϡں޿
Ҳû
ǼںиЯľǹҫüΡ
ǱߵĹϲþǹ䣬ںҲüΣ˵ۡ
ǹȻܹɵһΧͻʧȥ׼ͷԺÿÿҪԼ룬Զ˻Ҫ˴˱Ա߽һЩȷܹ˺ĶԷ
һһȽſģζ㿪˶Էǹ˾ųı֣ԱΧ۵Ⱥ˵ʡ
ȽǺϲ署޵ġʱзֹȷ縺ֿ֯ͣԶߺߣλȽ֯ɡ
ڵλ綼ûˣе֯ҲգֻĴӱ
뵽ŵе䣬СȽ
磬˵վҪǻҪȥޣ
ʣȽ˵ͷ
ûһ֮Ҫȥ֮ǰõĻﶼ͹ȥβ˳һЩ
Ҫʲô֯ô
Ƚ룬޵֯۸񲻷ƣǼĿǰĲҲ˼̨˵ּ֧֯ȹģǿ϶ǲеġ
֯ҶѹƵúܵ֯͡ģȽϴܽӵ󶩵׬ͷ̨СС֣Ҳֻǿڰɡ
ԺеľӪһҲáȥѾ˶ĻȽ˰ѻӪǺϪĲֿⶼûǮȸĸɱҵլۡҲһ֣ʣʵڲࡣ
ȷҲͦѵġ
뵽ֵܶǴȿڵ
»ûʲô뷨пտȥһмղŻ
ʵڲУͻȥܴܹгԺȵġ


17 ŵҰ
ȽʵϣȥԶ˵ĻƣϾϷ˼Ǻ֮أղν
ݳ֮ȽϱѾסκˣ˵֧żҵĶ
Ҳͬ뷨׺񣬸ӲԸΪ˼еðա
Ҫҵľܳɹͺˣȫ¶һݣõķּҸ⡭
һһ۰Ͱ͵ؿűڽľģ͡
ѪÿųÿģһȶĽṹȴۼ֤صúͳһ̿ʼ֪Լľûˡ
һעú;ԶߵĳҪڳٸһ¯ӵǿĶȶܣúͳѾһʱ
ǲġ
ֿʼԺתȦ
ǰ֯֯ظͶṹɷȫûйҵСɵȼҵ䣬ԼоЩɵĻʵԼﲢްܴǮƣۡ
ҲΪʲôİïͷУ١ǹеԭ򣬰ҪȺװĸùϵϵΪݺԼҶ׬Щˣʵڲ뿴ϮǵĲҿˡ
ïͷͻڰ
Ƚһ߶һŹ߽Լľ
Ȼ᲻ãȻһ뷨ҲԽ֮ǰǹܽṹ⡣
ľһص㣬Ǳڶв˶ƫʽơȽƴƬżȻ뵽ģýƲͬҵĵԽӣڼѭƶָ˺ת˶
ĳЧʸߣеӽʡԴʻٶȴмȽԭھôĽĵ⣬úͳճۼҪ߲ͨʮֲġ
ľ߲ͨƫʽ߲ͨ
ǹܿһʽƣѷ͵ֱôǹĻƶǹλƣǣͬ󳷣ײĵɾп϶µĵ뷢ֻҪԤȺƵˣصĵȻظԭλٴѹ°еײֱӴƻñ䡣
ǰŵ˼·ܲʵ֣ҪľϵĹͲ͵ס顣
û취ΪïͷΪݣֻίˡ
˵ʹȴʮ䡣ľСվǱаŹһһĲҲ̶ġ
ҵˡ
Ƚžһʽṹ۾
һСԺôͣ¯Ҳһҹ
Ƚ˺ʹΣְֹ޷԰ΣҲȥֻЩ·̰ҹ
ȵǰףŵĸ¯Ϣ˻
ţܾܵһֵĶ죬һҹû˯
ţʲô
ѽ
Żתͷ̵ؾԼ֡
׹ƫʽ
ʲô
ûʲôȽ̵ֱ塣
磬ҿһǹ
ǹ
鲻䡣
ǹʲôֵģϾڵĻ諒ṹҲӣİŵȻܿ
ûа㲨ֻǵܵܰҹ߽֮˳ŵܵܵĻͷʵ
ôǹȤˣ
ǵ硭
ŸоԼ̫˷ܣһӻǰȴƫƫһֶ˵ȫ֪ôԼ˿̵顣
ͨǹ
ɨһԱİͻǹ
ܱģܹǹ
ޣ
£Ҳ֣ˡ
Ŵ˵ѣ˵ܱȰͻоųɰǾԳͻڵˡ
ɵܵеء
֣ܹôģ
һ˵žлˣϲش˻ϻӡ
ԭ磬㻹ǵ֮ǰǲľôҰҵľˣƫǹϣһŴǹ
˵ţȽߵ¯󣬴һзһģĻء
һȻǰ֮ǰľһ֡ΪԼģŻ͸ʾأȽӡ
ľ
ţˡ
ŵЩƮ
֮ǰĸαаʲôģСĸǹľͳ˹ˡ
ôģ跢ĻƶҸɴͰѷ͵ҰĲ֣ýƵ¶˹̶ڰϣĵźˣסβˣʱֵײĵɻµĵƽǹǰ˶ǰתǹβˣһ˾Ҫһλƹ̶Ĺ󣬲ȻͻܵӰ졭
ߴﹾ˵һѣôȫ˼·
ɲⲢӰóĽۣеͷ˵ߡ
ԣǰŵǹ
ǣҲǣʵûɹֻ˻Ľṹͻأûе
ųʵ˵
ˣⵯ˳ҲҪðͻСͷҾǻҩװ̫٣ҪŵöһЩǹԶ󡣡
׼ô죿
ʵ
ֱûкʵĻҩʦҪһЩҾðͻڵġ˳Ҳ⡣
˵ץץͷ
ǴӾɾݵ·ʵ̫ˣֲȶײͻᷢըֻЩϣܲԼϳһˡ
ʵõİ취ȻȽŻһ˾ǣȽڵȽߺݾֻʣһŸ棬ǳïͷҲܷġ
Ƚ룬ͷ
ʱҲֻˡ
ŵǹܳͣҲδزһ·
Ƚ˼֮ʵҲ뷨ܹķǹïͷõĻǻ北಻ν
ҪԲġ϶·ֻһ칤ķһ֧ڻñ»û䡭
ôࡣ
ĵܵܵļ򣬿ο
ֱߵ£ȥ취֯·ͬͶ벻٣ںޱض֯֯Ӧ󣬼۸͸ߣؿ֯ʵ²ߡ
Ƚŵͷ֪˵ʵ
ǸˣĿ˱ģר־ذŪеǹ
һ¹ȥĴ﷫𺽣ŵǹҲĵ˵档
ڼ䶫عȽңúð˱һصǿһ¿֯ҪԡǮǸˬˣҲҴŲţŵҪȽҼ˰ѣʾʵԶ֧Ԯ֮һ仰ϣȽܰȽ֯ٿٶľá
ô׵ѽ
Ƚ̾˿
ʵҵͲһšǼпȻ֪Ӫࡣǹ˵⻹аͻΪοľϵĳƣڳƷĻϽеĸƹµʱ䣬˵ûͷĻñ⣬ԼͶĻصˡ
ڻñھǵʦȡϵʦ䷽ǹŵĸʴʵأ־Ҫ¸ײ룬γȶս
žòġ
ȻõϢ޵ķǹҲͬȱݣ޵ľ˶ЯöײԱٱҪǰûҩĻ北ŲǹѾ㹻ޡ
ⲢܳΪŰĵɡ
ܳԽǾͻᱻ˵ȡǹƣ׾ӵģƷͲҪС͵зǹǰû˻Ƚŵơ
Ұġ
ҪȷǹõĶ


18 ιιܿô
ţȽž͸оǰһһĨҫ۵Ĺһ
۲죬ֹ߾Ȼ鷿鷿̨ļϣö˲֪õľȻ˷ӦʼйɵķɫĹâ
ȽһæȥҡǸСֿ⣬ĸֹߣ߰ûⴰʺϾͶӰ
ιι
ֻԲԲ۾ҵǽϣһգһգģէһеˡ
ȴ㲻££쳣˷ܣΪܺںġѡ˵ˡ
õõԶЩվֻܿ۾ͱӡ
ޣԲԲӦһҲ֪ڶ˭˵վԶ㣬ͷ˶
һ룬СͳӰͳڲֿǽϡ
ҲһĿռڷľ滹ɫֽߡ
ЩȽҲİⲻǴСҵϰ⼯ôǵﳣڷŸ֡ѧ뿼īڴѧԺԱһ⣬ȫܹϰ⼯ĴݲС
ڱô
Ƚѹʵ
ҳ̫˺ƽ鷳
ѧһˣҪ޵ѧԺ𣿡
һ֣еСͳƴҡͷ
ҲŲҪȥ֮أ
ؿһ۳䵱ͷĹˡ
ϵͳѧУģΪʲôһծϵͳܳΪѧԣƼϵͳСͳѧ̿ŬÿҹϿ˯һԾ˼ǰéڳβɼȫ
Ϊɼ̫ְѾͷڻСͳȥ⣬ѰľԴ޺޺øУ˵ڼһδܿƼϵͳֱӱͨѧƾ𣿣
һʱߵĺӣСͳԽҲסߺʡ
īڴѧԺô£޶Ȳô
ʣȽƽزʵ
ڵĺ޺ﻯ͹ҵ췽棬ԶǴӺȽġ
ͱúͳ÷úͿߣǷĵƣ;ܵǹũ÷ϺũûеЩǴӺѧ
˵ǿ͹ʵ˭ЩȴֱֱСͳķιӡ
ƣʣʯҵǹ
ŲӣֻС
ҰְڵʱǴôõĻ󻵵ʮҪǮǮҪ˸ˣԴѧԺôڶȥ޴ĵزˣ
Ҳ̫ˣߵʱѾҲˣǶ˯ôҲ˷

Ƚſڽࡣ
С˵Ŀôô󰡡
˵ġӦֶ̫Ůƽɣ
ڣۣڼеʮ˵Լİְֽǡ
뵽һ˼Ŀܣ˿ڿˮ
ְ֡ҲīڴѧԺУô
һ˵ǽϵСͳͦظ
ǣУѣҰְ־ǵУīڴѧԺĵһУ֪֪
ǣȻ
ȽŰסؿڣ÷ǳ죬쵽Ҫĳ
סס
ҲֻСӵĴţ
֤һ¡
˵Щô
ȻڻɣѾ֮ǰ֪Ҫ򯾴˶٣һλѾϰԵơ
Сͳʾǳ⡣
īѧӦе̬
һãûûεСϵͳ㿪ʼ游ҫ
ǵƻʯƷô˳ǹҰְֶеģ
˵ţĸֶʼظչʾ
ȽҲô۽硣ѾȫԼƲ⣬Сͳ̩ǵĶӣ˼ûӦĵطõˡ
ʵҲûʲôܽܵģΪ̩̫ܰʱֵ׳꣬һֱ˲ûõȥˡ
ϾǳīڱͺΪīھӵʱ콵⣬֮˸ⲻ·ʲô
˵õ̫֮ڻʵڵǻĵʮȻλۣȻ˴ǰԽĹӴѶޡ
»ʼûҲ˵ε㻯̫ڵõڻв˵λ˵ġ
̫ڻʵҲûб㣬ô
Сʵ
˭󻵵ô
Сͳ鲻Ըصͷ
ţû죬ָһͷûС

Ƚųһ
֪һܣйػʼҵܣԭһϵĵ֧Ȼкˣ̫ڻʵã
Ȼ֪˺ôӣҲţ˶ˡ
ʲôõ
ǴӺô˭ңǷиô
Сͳ²ʵ
Ƚְѹʷһ飬Сֱš
ʲôֵֹĻʵۣԽԽȥˣ
ǣ
Сͳ˫ֲϵؽѵȽš
ʵ۲ףȺīںǸʲôԵģ˵зͲ㣿˵ͲҰְֵô̵ǵģ㻹ǵýīڴѧԺĵһʲô𣿣
ԺĶ˵ȽŶʱʮֲ
ȻǵѧһΣԺʼīԱ̤ѧԺĵһζѧԺԺѵ󾫡
ǣǹ
ȽųϿҵصǸ
Բ𡣡
̬ȻСͳϾԭˡ
ԾǰְֵĵһϵӣЩīѧҲ͸ԼʦʦһʦʦҲǲŬҪǴ󻵵Ǽҵƴȣϲ绰ȥЦ
ţСͳã̿ʼĹСʦܡ
ѧʲôĿѽûʲô׵ĵطʦҿ԰ѽ
û˵꣬ȽžﴫһӵĳЦ
СͳеҲסߺֽŲ䡣
Ҫǲףҿ԰ȥҰְѽҰְʲô
Ƚ룬ǸûᣬԼչʾľú¯ǹ
ҵͼֽԼʾģ͡ҪǾܱ֪ܲ˵ͶӰȥ䣬ƷһԼú¯ľʵ
⡭Щ涼Լģ
СԲԲָۣһͼֽ˵
¿ú¯ŶƳ
ȻɬΪƼϵͳСͳԲῴһʱ¿ú¯
һʱе¿ú¯ǵ¹ģúΪԭˮúˮúˮúڳȥһ̼̼ʺ뵪Ϊ31İˮúΪϳɰԭˮúΪȼϣú¯úҵӦýõչ
ֵѧСͳɵˡ
ղŻʦʦò˼һ־һúҵ豸ΪڼչѹƵʱǰȽŵСӷǲڰְֵ꣡
⡭⻹ôָ


19 ⻹ôָ
ΪһƶƼչΪεĴڣϲ͵ĻʲôˣȻרעѧչз
СͳȽŵȷŹ⣬ЦҲ֮ǰ׽࣬˵ڵĻζ
Լģûб˰æǸˣǲīڴѧԺѧѼҰְּ϶ǳգ
˵Ҳʮּ
ΪһīڴѧԺԱ˭ûԺأ
磬ѧԺʮϵ߸ֿģּÿһ̲Уīѧӵоܵɣ
ѧԺǰǻһĵĹأ˭ʲôֵÿ޵ĳɹ׶ҪģȥϵĹǰһ߶߶ԸοӢ顣
ȻҪһҲȥĹˣҲܴС鶼һľΰҵСС۵ǿò֡
ԡлŵô
뵽ŵúˣСԼ͡
ĵȷȷԼ뷨ڼĥģȻҲҵʦʦá
һĵȷ©ٳҲʦϣ֮Ҹ˺ü꣬ȫƷΣڶһ档ˣһģ͡
˵˿ڿˮССѯʡ
Сһǳ뷨ʣô
ķӦȡСͳϲ˶ְ̬ȹ˵ǰС껹СȽŵĺøһء
ܿϣȻܿϣ
˵
ģҰְҪ֪ѧԼƳ¿ú¯һǳϲ㣬һҲҪԿģ

Ƚŵ졣
ȡѧô
ϲ¯ӣĺܰǡǡ޺ˣ
ԽԽͶʼʶػവںͶԷĽл˳ߵֵʱ䵱ͷİСԿۣشǡ
ﰡûꣿ㲻Ҫ˼ҽô
⣬⡣
Сͳ޺޵سɷ羰ļһһȻѸٵ飬װģص
ţ˳ɼҲҰְ˵ѧֹһǲѧļµġ
ԣʲô㲻ͨ𣿿óҿѵãɲҪ
ְֱǧҪʲôѧѧ⣬ʷֻӽӰ࣬Ρٺٺ٣˵˲һʱߵĴڲвοֵ
Ƚſ飬ΪĶҲǴţ֪
Ҳ룬óԼ֮ǰǰǹ
С뿴أǹһֱΪҲʵĻñܳͣҵʦӽܸƼЧ룬Са취
ñ
Сͳ۾һӾˡ
ûУֳɵͼֽ͹̻ǲȱѽȻԼȫףȫűȥؼ֣ݿʲôа
ȿȡ
СͳͦͦСظԼˡ
˵ǡɣǸУܲо綾׸ʴźҩͲġ
ӦһµǦ
ְذѹڵԺƱ߶һ顣ȻԼԭ͹գԭհݿϡ
ȽԭҪñʦӽܶоѾչĳ̶ȣʾЩ۲̫ϰ
ֻе㷢ڴճİˮ͸߲ʶǴӺݽڵģǳޣҺݵĳЩһϸۣ㵽ķӦԭ֮һˮ£ס
кѣ
Сͳһֱָָߵͼֽ
ú¯ܸˣʲôȴʲôĸɣҰְֲǽ̹ǣǺĿеǵԪأӦӦ͵ˣ
˵ȽźȻЩСʵ
С˼ǣú¯Ͷʹã
Ȼ
Сͳشն
ҪԼģҿõīԱһԵģ
¯Ӹ˰ˮúҪֵ˰˻ʣʱҪ˭ѼԼ㲻͵ˣ֪ҰְũѧϽģǶﵰʴлֽĺղҺͶ̼ڸ¸ѹֱӺϳɣҪأûлʿã
ְذغʹƺϳˮµķһ飬صǿһŨȺͽʽӦΪйʽȷӦơ
ȻЩֳɵϣСͳʮֱ׳ȽŲŷҲԼ뷨Խġ
С˵ˣǸģ;һܳɹ¾ģ
ˣһ˵һţڤڤоȻ˲ʵȷһʱķ
ȵ˷ϵʾСͳȽѾΪ޻̸ĺѣֱʱ˶ᣬԼ´߽ĵãҪԷҵȤ⣡

ʧ㣬ڲֿҸط
ǰʱէȻʣҲãȻ޴ܾáԼЩܻأʵ֧żҵۿĸɩɩüչʶԭ֮ǰļ֯ǲһ˵Ժڵ
еøԶˡ
Ժ󣬰ûһ첻иЩġ˵Ļܰʵϣ԰˵ֱĺϢ
ҲΪеƾһˣ
ԼеǮǰиԣʱûٸǮҲǸһǮĺӣԴ󲿷ֶׯȡӦ
ȻС˵ú¯ܹɹԽȽŻ׼һСĿЧˮúϳغͰʣڳǽ¸ĻĵرԲ߲ũˡ
˵ɾ͸ɣŻ˼ţһ·Ŷׯȥˡ
ׯǿӪǮׯӪǮׯбǮԶ˽ׯĵͣʱĿ˲ࡣ
Ƚ˳˹̨ԼĻȻϵȽҵɣЦһŻȴͷ
ǰȽϱҶⰡԹǲ˴ƹʹţڹ̨ҵүڷɢһҲ䵽ϱĵز
¹ܳԲϱձҲСܿġ
λСɾҪȡô
ڵʵ
ǵģȡмá
ϣ
Ƚţ̰ƹ˻㱨
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20 

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ǿظСԾλεǮҲ˼ƢԡǮغ֮ǰļλȫͬ˳治ٳȦȦƣ˵ʱܷϲŭȫԲԲ֮ϡ
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ǶǴӱ߳СӣѧøıǵˣСĿȾѪȴǵļ䣬
Ӻ֮꣬ս֮ľʱ䶼ûзսң߾СͻȴδͣЪӽܺлŽݾĻгģǱ˶֪߾ļ࣬ߵײС
ǰӺŻ״ڿѹƣԴ۶˲Խ˰ԭٵҵȻʧȥ֧ţѹ䡣ұƾ֣ٸҩ֮Եģ˰ĺȴ˹ҵӷƴӺԼúͳǹˣ˫ĵλȫȻת
ΪīڴѧԺĽϰӽܺлŽݵȻʹģǶʹޣҲᱻķչȽ𺳡
֮ЩȫתΪЩȴֻܷŬӽܾˣΪѧĴңȫͶ뵽ʽоУϣܸʽ北Ϊ߾ѹ
Ҳûгɹȴʼղ롣ñĸʴǸ⣬޵ľܳģɴӺ߿֧ȴݼ̫ǮĶ֧͢ġ
صһֱ֧оǸոҵʺϵǱ߾ʹǹϢӽʮֽġ
һѵԶ׷ôˣ
û뵽İСͽܣȻһϲ
ǹܺãܺãһҪú죡
ӽܰͽܵļ˵ڵÿһֶ
ǹгܲǹǹһһǶҪ
ؿû˵Ƚɵư¯˷ˣҪûưϳɵñǲɵֻҪ޾ǵĽչԷһ뷨跨жϰԴ
ӵĸѾˡ
ǹôﲻÿնѲӵ٣һ͵ˣ
ϽǸӣۼŬյĳɹǰﻹеȴģҪԳȥˡ
ʱ˵ɾ˵λʦݰ£صشͷϹݼ
˵Ͻ۾һ
ɣǲҵĴ
ѾͷͺĺһİƣЦüۡ
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24 ǹ
ӺУǴӺõľѧɱ̫ڻʵһִǮϿִĹϵӺصķ⽮ѧУ
ӺУиرƶȣÿһѧԱжҪԷƾٳһ꼶ͬеָӹ٣ԱӺУѧϰҪĹ
⵹ҲҲ⣬ϾЩԱҵҪӾģӺľӴӡʱȷϸĵȼӣָǽٵĻ
֮Ҳλֵģ׼ǿͺȫƴһ˵꼶ΪѵͶϳѧḻҲû⣬ӱǴѧӺУУһֱվУȨˣλδҡ񻹱Ϊ
ھīڴѧԺĸλϰ˵ˡ
ˣôˣ
ӽһİơ
ԼСͽܵļӴʦúܣ֪λӺУۣȻȽϱҳʵȴȽûаϵǸĸյ˽ӡɥĸݲ꣬ҵܾ֮˸룬صȽҵԶӣþУλѧٶ̾
úõһλţȥƱʲôͷǱ
ֻӴʦŲµõһЩԭ
ĸ״ѩӧӺУʷϼټŮ׿꼶˶ǾУƽһ𣬻ҲǺ¡
ֻ׿Ͼ壬ĻҪĿѩӧƽڱҵǰƽ֣׿رּҵѩӧԶӴԺ޽
ֱ󣬴ѩӧδӣĸȡ
ФĸףĳЩǶȴ׿ʮ񣬴һӺУĴԾһֱûͣϢ
һʼһʮֽţĴĳֻӰ쵽Լĵλ۲˺ü꣬ȫûн׿Ҳûгϴ˼ŷġ
ֻӴʦΪº׿ܣ˽լһδ֮˵Ǹӣʵǻ֪Էݵˣ̸ֹȫ׽˵ŷ̽
Ƚ˵ദģʽӴʦôѡڲǹ¡ȽүȽ˶Բڷˣйϵŵĸ״ѩӧһǿǿԸͬǿӲɵغѻݡ
ֻЩʱӴʦҲСͽչܵδ̫㵽ҲͰǷºͣҪǻ˱ˣҪ߳ӵҲ˵
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ȽŰں˰̨׼λʦһ˻ذȫʱȻ˵ïͷĻӦԼãѾ⡣
ˣ֮ǰǲȥġ
ȽһţϽȥſӭˡ
һСԺͿԶǸ̨΢΢һ㶣Ȼ
ɣǰͻоˣ

Ƚץץͷ
ˣίУǰɳս۵սƷţǹ֮µ˼·ǰѰͻĿǰǴж˿ķֽ״̬
޲õģǹܱε̫أǿУҲʱǿз뵯ըŵġ
Ѿûа취ô
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֪ģͻھеоףȻûô޸
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ߣеǶЩʲôͰ
ϾīڴѧԺĽϰӺĻشʦܲһͨ
Ӵʦɫãû˵ʲôһߵһߣٴ档
ȽҲûͣû޺ðͻʵڻҲǸˣʧʧǺĵѯȽʲôҪΪ֮ǰȽҵĹ˵ɾ°С
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ҹȻû㰡ţǰѰͻоͷɣ˵ܶǹаԺҲܷһѳ
ǹĶأǳǹǹҿ


25 ɿǹ
˶ˣܲߣҲδ̫顣
οȽԭʹ붫⣬ѡ˻ǹǹǹɹÿûϢïͷݸϲ㡣ϵȽǹ·Ǵˡ
ҪڱĵطȽſ϶Ҫϲ·ߡһ䲼ԺȻӵָȨڱɷáñĸ̯˵ط˭Ǯ˭лȨڵĸľȨڵطС
ǶȴǸ⡣
ǮϿǿ߹ϵĹ٣ŸոβãûûңҲûб°ֲǺǰأһֱѳϿξιҵСȥϻ磬߷ԼŮųɣųԶݹֻܶȴͨ˱Ĺϵ÷
ι̰ƺɫųɺôϲʲôñιǰΡǰǰǰζضн飬˭˶ҪӣһȥٲȻѶԼҵĺԺŪš
ǮϿˣһϻǰξʱʱźָֻ֮ţͺʶزȥֻͣïͷץС
ïͷĴ߱ѹʶѩӧѩӧʱιҸŪïͷ׵ȴѩӧȲ밲ԼŮïͷñֱӶ˳񶼲֡
񶫺ѵľ棬ïͷĸʮ򻧣ȫιҵˡ˴ҹϮֱڣʧְимϵǮϿ￴׼ïͷЭųһȴ˵һ֣ϾǸְһֱڱû·ء
һžͿиǹ֮ǰԶûע⣬Ƚ˵֪ȽҵĴү
æǰ
Ҳʮֿ˺˼Ҳף˵еǹ
ǹ
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ǹ֪˵ںһַǹܺװǹϰװ̣֡ǹҲڸװǹѲǣ
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ǰĪˮûУڡ֮һᵽİˮǺũʵҪԭϡ
ϧӺûʵʯأֲ纣Żԭʼû취ðƵú¯õԭǴӺĴʯú۸ǲ֪ܴܲģʹˡ
˵ܣȻǿԵġ
˰ܵͷ
ǹ½ҰɣпյĻſȥоһ³Ͳǹǹܹұһ˱һֱҪӺ޹÷ǹͨ·ǹȤġ
ﻹжʮǮ¶ȡú¯ܶ찢ĪˮǶǴӺĹҵϵϣҲñ޿ˡ


26 ǹ
ĻȽǴͬġ
Ӻǲ찱ֻ찱ĳɱ̫ߣʮޣƷʡ
޵İũò𣬶ȥԶԶÿ궼Ҫ߼۴Ӻ޹롣
Щ꣬һֱڼʯĳڣӶʯ󱻷򣬵Ӻʯ۸ȴ߸ߡȽóǺЮƴӺķչӺĹΪֻǲܸɵشѹӺĲҵӶӺĲƸ
ǿߣһ¶ƣ̬ΧŶϻȺ֮ʳѪ⡣
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³˾ǿƶռǹгģǵ³11ųǹõ˺üҵľ趩ͻڸǶԾǹгЩ³˾׬һзķǹĦȭƴһƱ
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ϣȽǹϢͻᴫïͷ֮ڶϲ㶼֪Ժ鱨׿ϣжҪգһ£ȫӺ֪
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ǮϿҲȽҲˣҪظҪϸϣ˲ǮĿĶȥȽҲ̫ôߣ
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ǹʲôǹȽɲоʲôú¯ôôȻתȥǹˣ
ǹ˭ģӺҲֻͱӵл֣Ļǻ率жŪҲֻܼӹЩǹ˵ȥӺĻҪ⡣
ɺ˭õĶءĶЩɻȥͺţ⣬ҪԴ
뵽Ǯ̲ס̾˿
ȽɴϾС뷨档ãҲҪûгӺջԴĶɣǻ̫ź̡Ƚɵǹܼɫ۸ˣҲû˻ᶥŵ̫ķղɹ
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ףıǮϿԶһջ顣
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˶أιѾλðŸŮҲ赭дϯ֪ǮϿһǸС
ǮϿˣ죬һǣϾͲմˡ
մ鲻մøǮȴһĶ٣ݾֵʱ򻹰㶼֧ʹڻïͷָӣһ档ڱһʣǮ³ɺʱͷ߷ߵʵ
Ȼģֶƣ


27 鶨
˭Ҳ֪ǮϿﵽ̸ʲôϵļϣһ
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ӣȽûһ첻ںޡ䵱˵ߵķʮ֧Ѿصޣ½֯԰õĻǴߵļ֯ȽĺԽطڡ
ƫܺͺ˵
ŵѹѾܴٻϽͣǳ¡
ȽѾκηˡ
Ϊ˸𡭡
̣붫Ϊ˸𡣡

ҪǹܺãҲԶʤ޵ķǹûⲿƾȽزסġ໥ᣬŻᷴ亦ϲӾǸӡ
ϲʱĴʦҲǻʱķңɹСͻһֹ̨֯ȵũӺʷ类ֵĴúɫҲɵġ
Ϊɹ̫˶¾Ҫϲ۵ĳݽɻؽһıϲӱ˱ն壬нĽʦҲûú³һϦ֮䣬鳭ʦ˱֮ĸΣְҵ
ȻžڶǱҪѶͭǽڡ
΢΢򴽣˵ڵĻһ߳ƽ
ïͷĶξƽ׼ϻ磬ǮѴӦҽ档ųɵһֱѹڱΪϮǲܷģҵĻᡣ
ӺУǵɴ𲽡ĸ״ѩӧïͷĴߣڵïͷУǴѩӧһģӴĸְҲϡ档
Ƚ棬ǰİϤ磬Ȼػ˸¥Ĵôһ˲䣬;ĲСһ𳤴ĴǱĿ׿
ץץͷ
ұúΪǹɣ˵ǹһᾡƷʵ飬ܸ㵽һѷǹòǵǹȽϡ
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ѣȥ޾Ū֧ԭҪԼҷû뵽Ҳ˳Ʒ㶼ɡ
ŵĵһƷҪȸңҼƻúܽǹïͷЩǮ
Ȼûġ
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Ϳѩѧǰ˼٣ƽȥժˡ
һ˵һ߽еľϻŵȽǰ
˵ɺҪ칤Ǯ࣬һ⡣
¬ҲǮϻϣϻǴ򿪵ģ涼һŵƱ
Ƚü
ǵļױգˣǮûȥȽûûϱױĵ
Ǽױ
¬ҡҡͷ
һֱܺͰ֧ţûʲôƸλֵܣҲΪһ
Щ֮ǰǷֵǮһֱûڻǸ칤ɡҺʹɩǰѧöƣŵĹҪˣҲ
һ˵ȽЩЦá
ȷʵڷȱ˵£ҲϱɣȽҵҪû䵽ʲôزǣ
¬ġ⡱ǴȽšȽȽ˵뷨Ϊһͥĸף±Ҫ㵽˵ȫ
¬뷨ɷȥ¶ĸסżңҼȫλС֧šĸڻ˵ϾûּңԺȿԿСһĸȥСûɩӵǵ취ʳ
ν칤ͷǴ䷽ͼǰŵģȽ˳ǮȽңռȴٵһݡû취ȽҲûǮܲܰѼҵ׶Ͷһ˻ҪԺ¬ԸǮ֧ԮȽſ϶ҪһֹɷݣǮϿֳԷֺɣպҲ˱Ϣܹ̼еϵ
ǮȽţ˵ԴĩˣȽ˰¬ĻҲһ飬Ȩʱ̸ʡ
û뵽ȽŻͿʼ濼ˡ
ɩʹɩǻƵԱ
۾һ
ĸУĻô
Ȼǡ
ȽЦҡͷ
㵱īڴѧԺǴײôܼһš
֮ǰжߵרѧԱ᪽ͬѧԺͶ
жߵרѧ᪽ѧԺ
°͡
ͳѧУһǻƣ˵ԣ
ΪȱٽˣȽžڻв÷ӹͳһװģʽ뷨ʵܵСͳϴͨˡˮҵȽžرʺϻ
Ľ˺ڣǾ͸ɴ಻ڣĹշֽ裬ȻרŸÿһնѵһȫռʮףֻһȴԶٳɡֻҪеĲװͳһר˽еԡ飬ĳƷδرһϵļ
ǣַڶʱڼӹͳһ׼Ԫպͼֽȴй¶ΪÿֻԼֵǵ򣬳ǼйĽһоѿͼֽȫò
ȽŻһգİװһƽ⼼ѶȡȻ֪ǹһ̱̽ҪҲôסĲ˵ǵñǾͲƽ˵ģûʦоô꣬ЩüĿô
ɩͶɩҪ涮ѧǳȥ찱;ñܸܵż᲻ٸ
Ƚ˼ӵɫ΢
ţѲ롭

Ƚ̧ͷĸգգۡ
ɩͶɩԸҲҪǰġֻҪ鷳ĸտֶֶŮˡ
ǵûʲô
Ƚ̾˿
Сͨ͸Ҳ֪Ĺǡ
˵ڵеĽϱˡȽڰǰǲլ˽֯ҲƳҺȴֻܲٳּɷ򽻼Ӧ꣬һı¶ķˡ
ԺԽǮȨƵ˼ԽЧǰңȻŮӶѧȴ⵱ɼȢʱŮӲլʱڷʮ곯ֹ磬һѷЧºޣᳫ·½Ůϵ󿪴ϣҲġʿʴˡ
̫İһˮɣ˵ҪϽ֪ٿڣ㺣óסҪˡ
ʱȽ˵ĸпȻţܿӭݱֵĵһй
ڰҵĶ˵йǼ£˵˵ĹȽϱң˵ǮϿﶼᵽףأ治ν
ڶȽϾһƣĵȹİն˴ҹŶӣϢͨǰձϵݳǣ컹ûȽ֯԰ſڵĶѾһͷ
ҴˣǰϢݳǵȺйصذСŮΪ˵ȽҪѧʵޣǿˡ
ҲǶŮ
Ȼȥ㣬СƵģСӾҪСӵӡ
Ů
Ĵһһɵ϶ѡϡ
ڶСӣѡҲȥ
㿴Щˣǲģ
㶢ԶļŮǺ档
治ȽңүСҲƸǴĿÿ
ףǾɣݳǮ˲𡣡
˵ǼҪǶܽǲһҲʱҿ϶ҪǴ壬ùţۣ
ӻã˵ЦҲ˳ŮĻͷ¹Ⱥˡ
һҲ΢΢ȡ
Ůûʲôɵ˸úģ
ɵʲôҲ֪ȴǸϡܳˣ϶ݲ
ȽǸ칤Ҳ֪һЩ˵⹤ռػûݳ֯԰
Ƚǰô֯԰ҲûЩ˹һۡκȻĸˣžҲ֪Ǹʲôͷ


32 ݵ
ɣͷϢ˵᪽ĸ߼ҵĴҪˡ
ԣȽ̧ͷüһĨ졣
Ȼ뵽ʲôԼͷ
ңԨ֮ǰ˵ҪݵģҰ¸ˡ
Ѿͷôȥ
˵ţԸܼұҴݸ۸ϡȳͷһ۾߿һһɫװ´ϣʱ۾һŲҲ֮ǰ˲١
ţ
˵ţװ쿪˫ۣӵһȽš
ȽűϵˮζѬֱ磬̲ס
ǺԶ㣡
ٺ١
ԨϷһ֪Ķȡһ֦õ廨˼ȦݵȽŸǰÿŵӽ̾
Ӣѣþòҵ˼ͬ󺣵ĳˮһһ
󺣻ǳ䳱ʱء
ȽЦƿչĴ
ȥһ˺ޣ㻹ôƨͨ
˵ԨҲٺЦû˼䣬Ԩ㽫λܸͬȽʶ
л˵ãнշǣǶʥѷѧԺͬѧ
˼ȽΪȻҪʢдλ˵ġȽĹܼѱ˳ȴǸл˵õ˾ܾˡ
д
л˵òЦԼһ˿
ӺڻɣǸҶ˽ⲻ࣬Ǽʱǿúͳҵúͳʻܲ
л˵˵⻰ʱҵѾúͳһԡл˵˸롱ƣλŮʿǳȻкԨ
ˣ
ŵĳ
˵л˵Ҳǿ󣬳Ƚŵ˵ͷ
ǵһ·죬Ҫ鷳Ƚүǰ·ˡ
һֱϳţԨϵЦݲѸûۿúͳһڡ
ޣʲôǸСģװʲôװ
Ƚſһۣû˵
߼ҺԨ᪽˸ίôүסŭɫл˵ҲǸͨˡ
Ԫ޲ǶʵһһôСš
գգۣ
ޣʲôԪб磬ұһأ
Ų
ʲôһ꣬ʵֻǲ졣
Ԫı̣꾭߶ԪʱǳϦǳôһꡣ
ȥԪ㱻ȥ˺ޣһҲ塢ûˡ
ԨѲϵɣһ
ܳңҲ֪ЩôģϲԼԴϲңȦȦȦȦġûǵ罻ᣬǽһȸëҷɡ
ڳϣղǸɵʿˣֵָź˵
Ǹл˵ãװˣʵƨǣ
ǸͥʦѧĵУŽлҵĴš·¹һһƣû˵ˡлͷׯ԰̫̫·˲檣鸾ǾˡлͷСӻܷ⣬һлҵļҲȫģ˼ǽгӼ̳У
˵Ԩ˶١
Ǹˣһ·Ѫͳ˵лͷȢ·̫̫Ϊ˼ҵĹƺţѪͳҡٵͷԼۣлҵа˳ڶϣϻоλлͷƿز
㻹л˵ôݣ
ȽЦеؿ硣
ͲµǸϣ
°ô¡
Ԩ̱λϡ
ôСҲл̫ǾǴлҵˡлϴǸʿл֮ҲûΪѹЩܵãǺαصǸˣ
δǹܸܲߡл˵þͲ˵ˣǼ˵˲㣬ǸͽշǣǼﶼ죬·ܹ㡣˵ȽҷּңҪʲôӪϵ˵ܴߡ
ȽϷּҵ£ԨԶںҲյϢıȽұҵϾڵı˶ԪˣۿѾû˶ɽĻᡣȽϷּںѿķ£ֱʽµ֯԰ϡ
ԨĸȽףѾŸĸȥ˶꣬ڵĸ߷˳жѿףȻȽϷּҵġ
Ԩ棬С븸˵һĸǱȥޣ׵鵭ȸүȢңָһȺܵã׵ķԸǲġ
ĲƲԺȲһˣΨ׽µı·˻㡣ȽϷּңᰢŵġ
һûģǸմ޵զ£ôң
յ˱ܼұϢԨļǣͷȽϵĴ󴬡ΪǷּȺ飬ǰ̽ϢǴӣĻǶȽҵĲƥ
ȥβģ˳ŰѺϪĲֿⶼˣʱ䲻Զóס
Ƚ֪ǹģҲû
˵ƥԭͲߣҲ֯԰ȲǱߡ
ߡ
ô˵Ԩһ
αȥȣĺҲˡ
ں޵֯زĲƥ۸Ѿѹúܵˣ޲ôԶҲгɱģעҪȱز󡣾޲ʤһôҲͨ֯ѣ޵Ĺ岻Ṻ룬ƽ϶ѡͼˡ
㿴Űɣ޲֯Ůɢ뿿ű׬ǮǾǺȶ˰Σ֯Ǹտţûܳװϼ£ںƮ꣬׵ͷǾͿԾ͵ذ̯׬˷Ҷˣ
͡
ȽûסĻЦˡ
ԪⷬǺ֮ǰһ޶֯·ں߲ͨ
Цأ
ЦøֻСƵģԨҲ־ס˱ܵա
˵ּҴôûߣ
ΪʲôҪߣ
ŴӱħצȳԼա
ҺڣȻҪ鷳ˡ
ɵ
Ԩŭ䲻
մȽô
ǰȽʢǼҶɢŸʲôǲҪҲ
ոȽ㲻ұ磿
Ц˵
˵Ǽҵ֯԰ûˣµĶȥޣǼһʲôҲ÷֣
Ԫ㲻֪˽ǮͶҪ˵ǮҲһǮ֪ģغܷǮ
һ䵹ʵ
Ԩ˵ͷ
ųڻغͻǼǮ⡣ΪȽҵСү˵иǮˣûͷԣʱ
Ͷ˶Ǯ
ʣԥһ¡ڱȵĿУĶ䣬С˵һ֡
øԨ
ôһǮˮﻹأ˵͸ˣ㲻ͼرôܣ
Դ˽⣬ǾͲǸ˽ĺˣ
һͷͻѵëͳȥˣΪɶɵϣ


33 Զó֤
ڸԨʹ֮ĳԹҪӺǰӴոձȽ˵
ʵҲʲô˵£൱Ĺƨһȥ𣬻࿴ߵĺʷ
ѩȽʶཻꡣȥǰѶӴиöԶ뱱ƽ
Ƚҷ򸾶֪ģʱ˵ĶӣӻһϷʱȽϱƴ󣬷ּ֧㻳ҲҿӴ˰űɣȽϱҵɡ
ĵȽֵܲûʲôӰ죬ϾʱɶɶѾ꣬ŴСǸ͵ĺӣġ硱ܽܵķǽסڱ̼ҵĸԨ
Ԩĸȥ磬Ȣ֮µŮճӱû˴ڸС
Ҳڼҿ׵Ͼк߷磬ûĳֻԽԽӲʱʱͽݵȽСס
밢Сһ𳤴󣬸ȸͬĸĵܵò֪˶١Сӵ֣϶˵С飬׾Ͳñ㡣
ԨֻȽ˸˵ȭŻرӲʵͰѲıܻԼĵ̣ڼΪŵı
ĳ֣øԨоΣ
ȽɣȽ˸硱ûףÿ춼ȥСԺ뾡öԷˡ
һ˱Ԩۿű߶硱ʱԽԽ࣬ԼеļҪߣǸͱˡ
Ƕʱ䣬ԨûҴ鷳ʲôĶСƣֱ̬ϴ˶ȭͷ
ҲǸĸͣһʼǰŵıһ
ʱˣ˭̵סɴ͸Ԩ֣µ꾭Ťһš
ҲðŻ飬ÿζȰ˼ʱס֣û̫¹ʡ
ܵµ׻Ǵ˳ȥȽ˶ûʲôǸԨĸ׸ƺסˡ
߼᪽ҲС棬һ붫Ƚףһж壬ӹ⣬øƺһֱ޹⡣
ԨܣȽȻ˵ûʲô˭֪Է᲻ᰵмǺޣϾԴ򱻽ӻܹգԼĶӲִ֪˴ˣԺǰȽҵף
мһԹ𣬸ƺһ֮£ѸԨȥѧ
һȥꡣ
һʼԨüڻض̽סɵȽȥ˾ǣ˾ֻܱżϵɫҴңΨΪԨҪĸĵ̺Ŀ׵
˵ͨһֱûϡԨ治У·¹߷ŴĶѧУתһ飬ĸûȻ˵ڰһѧԺõƾ
ѧԺ
յϢİžʮֲ˼顣
ʲôˣ
ȭɽ۽߱£߼аķˮʦܱɨˣ˾ȻҲȥźݵ飿
ȥ޵ô
ȽСʵ
˵ǱߵְԱҪޣô
ôܣ
ԨЦ³ؼǰ
Ƚ˿
Ȼͼþµ䲻Ϥı磬ûбϴԻǵ
ʲôѧԺǸõطҷ˺ô󾢶Żȥġ
Ԩ˷ܵؽԼ
ϲǸ˵ôƺǸѸסں޾ǸĹܼңû°ҽܽЩѧԺ
Ǳ߸ǴӺһѧò˵ûп½ȥˣǶһָţҪѧҪƼźһʵ𡣡
Ǯ⣬ǸƼſǲáǶĹҲŵȣÿƼƵģЧҲǸͬһ㶼Ǽ以ƼƼԼˣڲͰˡ
һһȦ;ѧԺ˼ѧʲôҪϵ¶æŸǮѧԺǴӺûѧҪôɵǮıҪôֻʣͷ仧ƫƫ˴˻࿴ߣԴӺ˼˱ˡ
ȽŲ֪˽ôóģԨ˵Ǿǰɡ׵ﶷô꣬ҲûԹʲô¸Ԩ϶
㶼ʲôԴˣ
һԨͦøֱˡ
شﻳһСƤȽŵǰ˻Ρ
ʲô
ȽŴһֻŷĻƣֻĵλдл庣ġ
ѧǿЩж˼
ΪлϾӡʥȨ衭Զó֤
Զó֤
Ƚһ۾
Զó֤˼ɣӵԶó֤ˣĻֱںݷұصдҲø˰Ϊ·֤ͨ
๫ɵĸӼ壬ÿԼص˰ƶȡ
˰ǹݻҪԴƽ͵˰ѺգҸְ˰پͿˡͨԶó׷ĻһҴͼֵǧΪ˱֤ǮܹԼĿڴͨҪԶ˱ͨнףһҪ뾳˰ת˷ѣרŵ˰ٲ㡣
ʮСϰٸ˰ƣ˾Ҫе޶͸˱һƵĻᡣ
Ƚҵķ֯Ʒ뺣ޣһ㶼ϵı磬нӻ뾳˰ת˷ѣٿ۳Ӷ֮󣬽Ʒˡ
ںȽҪѷ֯Ʒ޸أҪͲͬı򽻵뾳˰ת˷ѣ֧ͬӶ𣬷˳ɱ
Ǹ⣬ں½ӵȨɷƷҪͱԽӣҲҪɹ·Ѻת˷ѡ
ȨԴڰƾõʷԼں޸Ȩתı¡õҪĻҺ͹Ŵ޵ϷҰ˵ս밺˵޹ϵ˼ҵǮϢҪЩôġ
˵ĺôšԶó֤
˵ĹȣѧԺҲһ
˵ػôڰһǽǮֻ֮ҪǮʲô취㵽
ԨСװѾƤ
иɵСӺҴģһǮûǮԶó֤ҡ˵⻹ǵһҰս䲼ģǼĽþͺԶó֤ǲģСĶ죬ԭ׼ѶԺڳԺڣ۸һӺûҹ͵С΢Żһ¾ˣ֤ԹԵָҡ
Ƚüͷ΢壬æŽ͵
룬ҿǸɵĽˣҲǰģҰծ˲˵һǮ㹻ӻһˡ
⣬̣Żܷӵô
ֹǷôӺȫҲҲڶԶó֤ˣ˵ȥ֪жҪۣ
Ƚŵ˵ͷ
õԶó֤õһԴԴĲƸֻҪմȾ潼˶ĲȶϰԿһ㣬ʳˡ
Ҫʲôô


34 Ӯ
˵Ԩ¶һĨԥ
ʵҲû̫ãø˵˵
֤ԭǴұ̷ġҼҲ֪һȺΨͼˣƺȥΪľǸĸ߶ү·
ǸĸǺѿغƵԶֶŮЩȥޣûٳҪ֪϶뷽跨ظ㵽׸ơ
ȥΨб̺ͱ̷סƺԭĴǣҵͷں޸С磬ת˵⣬ȽҵĲƥȻҵĻҿ϶ת˷ѣҲסƺĶĿ
˵Ԩ˶١뵽ѾȥˣһĨ
ȻȽŹϵãȽҵı̷λ˵ҲϽеˣƽشʮչˡ
ôȰٺˣȥҪݼһ¡
Ƚŵͷ
һ׺λֳĲͱӷᣬȦ졣Ҳ뱻ģ㰵סСԸԨ˵
ҾƻܺãȻ㻹ɡǼȻɱϾӪ꣬е㱣׵ĴǺ¡
ʵڲʹͷ⼸꾭ޣǱߵȨЩ飬㵽֤Ҳ˵ͨ
һԨҡͷ
Ҳ
ЩɵƲͷ
ΪʲôҪǸһţʲô˲ģ
Ȼ˵ɸԨҲ֪ȽеںʱΣ˵һܸ㵽Զó֤š
֮
Ԩץץͷ
С⿪Űɣ߼ָϣܲһֱɽա
λҵĵ̶һǮȥ޷ϡһس̵Ĵ·ޣǱߵȣʳԱϲʹøζЩ޼ٿ˵ʡ
ȽžⲻȻ֪˻᲻ϲЩǿζĹʵ޵ϱͼ۸񲻸ߣĳɱҪ˷ѡ
ҼҵĴԽʹãðҴһ˹Ҫʩ޸˾ͺţ¾ɶûϵ׼С

ԨԾȡ
ҪʲôǴӺҲô
Ӻĳ̫ˣݽ쳡ǰͲҪֻܴӺ⹺á˵ʩ޸ƵԶУܣ߼ӹľ׼ȡ
ⶫԨÿÿ˵һͷˮⲻ׽ؼҪء
ôҪˣҪʲôӪˣ
ʣȽŵ˵ͷ
еͷܹʱ仹Ҫ鷳硣
û⣡
ԨһӦ¡
ˣȽûм˵ȥ˼ʶת˻⡣
˵ʩ޸˾ҵиԡ
·¹ĹˣеߵͿɣλ˵ϣǴҲԾԾԡû취˭ǵĹ彲ڲͨ飬˭˭أʵϣǴ󹫵˳λͦǰֻϧ޾ǸҰˣɰѻλеߵҲԺڵľƷǳš
ʩ޸˾ǳн˱ǵ·ôһǰʥ·űըˣֳϣǾӵʽСϢ˵ǿɣɵģΪеû·ܼӣƺ׼λˡ
һɣǰʩ޸˾˸ס
ʩ޸֪ɣǰ·¹Ĺ˾޵һġ겻ˣϰ͵ˣС͵᲻ûǮɴѿǷҵȫȫʩ޵º֡ʥ·ų£ʩ޸ҪѪҲǿ϶ųѧԺиǰʩ޸ĹԱǮܴϹϵں޾ƽţԶûǹ֧ҩŪһ̨⡣
ô
Ƚźʵ
ǶԴӺ˵Ǽ£ٱ߾ѹܹ᲻١
սҪĵģʳЩһ٣˵ǹҲлᡣ
˭֪ء
ԨƲƲ졣
ҲǺܴ̣Ͼ޵ҶݡֵȲû׼ĸŮˣܼһءٲýҲалһǿõ˾λ˵лͷ־ȥһصĳϹ
˵лңں޵ĹмԽԽ࣬ʵҲЩ˵ͱεʥбը¼¹ǲ˸ɵģϣǴ󹫰϶ûϷˡΪ£Ҫ·¹ʵҵҲԸһūľС͵¿϶ҪоλʵҵҷԵġ
ȻǱ߾ƶǲһٻȥҲ鷳
˵⻰ʱѾݳǡ
ȽɥдˣԨ綨˳õĿջλȥٺãȽһȽҵĴլ
̽Ƚˣְݼˣһͷʹޡ
ᣬԨ¿˰죬ſȽš
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ɶ
Ԩɴۡ
ӾˣôܣΪȥԲȽҵĴô
ǵˣƫҪȥͷ¿ʲô
Ϊ£Ԩʮֿǰֹ֣մ޵ͦѪǸӡһֱӰѶԷΪ˰ˡ
Ǻǣô뿪ˣΪȽı·ô
Ȼǡ
Ƚҡҡͷ
˲֪ȴΪʲôȻҪȥӾΪȽźȽң
ǹû··̫죬Ƚҹ¶ĸ۸ǮϿزסԲҪïͷɣȴ˵硣Ϊǹ»ǸܣڻѺڳƽǮϿУʱκй¶
ģһºոܽǹֳɫҪװïͷҲòĲӦ
˵ףĸ϶ҪȱԼİȫ
㵱Ȼ˵ǡ
Ԩһ˵ڵĻԴᡣ
оǸʲôãʲôԣܸҳɡ
Ҹٴˣɵ˼˵ʲôţմ޲Ƚ磬Ļɱˡ
᲻ᣬô˭ɱҡ
ȽЦŴ
ǮͶˣ˵ռ˱أԪġ
ʲôԪб磬ûûСģ
Ԩ˶٣˵
ǮʲôҪǮҲаϴᵽЩ飬ҶˣƷģͣҷ˺ôҵģ㲻մ޵СӺã
һ˵һͿСܵĴ۾Ȼ϶βסľϲ
ߺߣǮΣҪ͵ĿȻ˷ԴǰѧԺ̸ĵһΣ
ЩɲǮ򵽵ģǮ²ߡһ֣ԨӮˣ


35 ǵ޳
Ƚſɲ֪ת˼ȫģͺƷռݣֻ޲䣬涼װʲôö
Ԩһ𳤴һ۾֪ʲôϲ˰˹
¿ģͣʩ޵¹˾İ汾˵׼ٳｨ·һֱͨ˹ؿʱϣԳˡ
촸³ĹҵȱСģлڿұ𹤳Ѿɹ豸ͿͶ˵󿨶򹤳ĸܽᷭ
ˣ㿴
Ԩȡһľϻ
ҷ˺ôŸ㵽ģ˹ѧĽڶû˾ڲû
һ˵֣Ƚŵ˲䲨һ£Լŵڴ
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򿪺ӣһһģͣƺǷˣĲֱΪٻŤһš
ЩѾ㹻ˡȽôľƵĶװοףӦþúͳĶأ
ô㵽ģǻܣ
ҵȻ֪ǻܡ
Ԩ΢΢һЦ
˿ҪаȣһŪҡһҡչʾԼ顣
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ѧԺһԱ֮ǰ˾Ϊ˾˳ߵʱ˳˲ٻ
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ȽѾȥ˵ʲôˣ۾һֱѾϵúͻģͣͷһһ
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úͳҪĺĶҪжܿڲĹ죬ҳҲɲĳеѥɦĸоʹ졣
ڣʵĶṹǰˣȻʧܵİ汾Ҳӡ֤һЩ²⣬µ
ȼҵĲ֣ԭΪԼľȫʧܵƷģǾǹƣȽŶԼͼµ
úͳ˶̶ľ֮ͬ
ľѾ֤ǲеģúͳܹɹУ϶ơ
ȽźȻԼǹ
ȻܻñܹȼգõľǲҲѹʵָĹܣȼϵȼȡֱȼѹƶ᲻ȴĸֱӣ
ǹֻҪ뵯谴°ʵľڲṹҲԶʵѭҲҲܳɫúͳ
뵽Ƚű㱧ģԺߡԨæŲ豭ϡڰŷʱͱͣԸ׼һЩˮСʳү˵ʲôʱҪԺչء
ʵ֤ǶԵġȽһžֱԼСԺѰһЩֵĹߣʼר־ڲģ͡
ԨҲ˵һԺȲˮԹӣ˾ͽȥܵ鷿˯
ۿͷѾүľѾ˯˲֪ٸأűһоѡ
֪ˣ֪ˣӦ
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ȴһˣԨȭͷɵ˼УжЩԾԨǱŵˣǰ֪ȥӺУɲ֪ȭͷôӲøԨһûȭҲ棬ȴҲ׼ڣֱŤסĸ첲
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Ҳ˵Ǽң˵ȽȺǣҸǣڷǼҵĶˣиʲô£
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֯԰ȷǸҳɵģֻɶȵʱҵϡɣּҳĹʺö඼Ҽҵ渶ģ˵ù߹зֺֻû׷ֺݱ˷˻еĿûˣǮҲ˵塣
ķʮ֧Ŀŵظ˺Ҳȫû̵ģж֯԰ĹֻҪ˵ɱԴϵȷڼɣֻ塣
Ԩ˦ǣƣһ
ǱȺˡ
˵⻰ʱбƲ
˵ŵĹгǮôҲװף
Ҫ˵˴ܲûԭģ͸Ԩ죬˵Ҫж
һۣƽϣֻ˸ȽŶҩ
Ⱥȵ
Ƚ̾ӹһںȸɣȻ󻹵ðԼ͡
Ǯʵʵģ乤ķѲ٣ûôǮ
ȱ٣Ҹ㲹ϡ
ںʹϾϣԨ壬Ҳ
ﻹʮӦù˰ɣ
Ƚû
ɲ˵ĳǶʮԪ˵Ҫ׷ӣúһ
ӦȴøԨˣΪԼ˵̫٣Ҫȴֹס
Ԩɻ󣬰˸ʲôǰͶôǮҪǽˣ²Ҫ۱ô


36 лת˸
Ҳüٸܴ̽
£ļ͹նǱܵģ֪˿ⶫԷʶ˷˻ɡ
ȻŵĹϵſ϶ỳǺαҪԭһء
Ҹղ˵Ŀİ
ԨƲ˴һۡ
ĵһҹʮ飬ȻȥׯȡǮ
á
ȽŹɵصͷǮϿǮͶйˣǰʱ乺ԭϻѲƣͷţȻ߲ܡ
ҰѱǮҲɣȹ׬Ǯˣֺ졣

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ԨǮ׬ǮḶ́׬Ǯܸú㣬Ǯ˷νôȫ⡣
Ҳ˵⡣Զó֤ϻ˲ǮټϽҪ⣬ʮҲóļޡ۾գóʮţƽһӻһܡ仨ԨǮԭ򣬾Բͻơ
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֮˵ӺҿȳʮַضƷںҲûʲô
˵л˵úȻһ
ҲǴӺ޴ġطãѡó׸ۣȥĲҲʲôóײ᣿ԵĵطûеġûĶǺùߵͨǻϡɼ󡣡
˵ţָָݳǡ
㿴ĴӺưͲǰǰĹˡ
˵ϵ˶ˡ
л˵õĻʣӺȷû֮ǰ⣬ҲԲĵز
Ĳ˵һ·ͼٴӺŮǲϸ˵ǴֲڣɿԼԷ̧ͦͷǹɾȴǱ𴦲ܱȵġ޶ܽѧ飬úûԼ컯йᣬͱСͯͯͺ̫ࡣ
޵ŮԲܹΨһ˽Ǹ׸ļױŮҪ¾һǮĵһһ罻ǵս
һŮά۾Ӫƥ׺ͳֺлҵĹϵԸ罻͵׶֡ȥе罻ϣл˵ãл˵ǸΪõɷѺѡȻǵճӣȴлүأܻ̳һֲҵ
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л˵һڣȴûм˵ȥֻСرԹ
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лҿеԼϼҡӺ
ӺȻҲ³ذǳ㣬˷ҲԺʹӺظϾǸչг
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⣬Ǽ뵺Ҳò˶٣ڵݳǣȻǲСҵۿžҪ䣬ĵطôлеפأ
˵ݸˣձϮͷû޺أ
һȽϣл˵øǼᶨԼ뷨ȺͶб鲼ѡΪݵ㣬óסѡǶѡطûǰ;仧մϾ˦
ǲۿڶռˣ˵ת޵˰ѿǹĺܣϾذǺ޵Ĵ磬ˮǴҲ
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µиۣ۸ҲˣҵλҲûжҪ⣬Ǳߵ硣
һֱӴл˵õķιӡ
ųֶԶڸԨô̼л˵ĻҲͷˡ
ʲô˼˵Ǯô
ԨʲôһѧԺ竣ԭΪڴӺһͨĸӣʺƵطҪסĸңԼլԺûУҲ˼Լǰ԰ڣ
ͱôһ⿴ˣ
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ԭݼ䣬ͷһƣүôƳ綼ºȣҲܹһ⡣պǰס£Ҳȥһ˶£ҪǺʱöˡ
Ϊ˵ԨּæŰ£
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ԨֻЦбۿǱˡ
Ȼ˵ͷ
ǸһǧıܣʲôݣҿɲΪǷ顣
лү㣬˵лʮֿöΥҲʰɡ
лãһ˵л˵Ļԡ
ݺݵ˸ԨһۣҲٺȴҪ罨ڶ¡
лѹͶǮΰɣ


37 ǹ
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ǮϿԼʮţȽɾһƥǧһ·ֱϡⲻǻûɶ͸λµĴʦôԴǧͲܸģιϲûܵøУԳĻݡ
һߵУͿԶһŲ̋۾Գʮס
Ƚһռǵͣһԣݱֵĳжһľ䣬˶æȻ졣
龰ǮϿüͷȴ
ΪݱֵĹɶҲһݹǹƱ棬дǹ̴Լ30ס
Ѱ̨ŵôԶƽϻʲô۶ӣҪ׼ȷΪڹȻô
һ˲䣬ǮϿĻͿʼˡ
ԼͶȥʮǮǵĸСݱֱˣ
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ô˼ҰѰ̨ŲԶˣǮϿȻûǹҲ֪϶ţƽС뷨跨Ҳ簡ȫӺһݵǹҪȺĹˣ
ǮɫƣһԵĳ¶ȻиӦѭĿҲԶԶһŲ̋
ƽɫһ
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38 һ
ʮ׵ЧǸʲôĿǰֳͻڣЧʮףʮۼֵӦõ廹Ҫʹ߱˵ʣձܹ֤׼ľʮҡ
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ǴΧҲ֪ճôѵҲͼµĹЩ˾Ȼ˲ѷھ

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ǹ𶯣һƵǹУļž
Χ۵˶񡣳ǮϿڳһһǴ尶Ѫƴɱģʶ޳ˣһ֪ӡ
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Ҷ֣ŵУԶԶΧŲ̋ıš
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ҵȣû˰Ѱ̨̧ƽҲЩվ߳׾ô¡
ïͷıԴӣʲôʱô
ضʵǰ̨Ѿϡãȡˣ

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У۹ƣ޲ھͰǹߣǹŸҲһˣΪǷ֣˵׼ɼȻ¡
Ҫ֪ѾǶˡ

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սͷҶٰǹͷƽͷ
ˣҿ⼸СǹͦģһңҲıϰ
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ˣ
ƽͺһ
һʲôģСʳƵģش˽٣Ǳ𾻸ˣ

ǮϿ˰֣ʾԼ⣬ϵĽҪڲס
氮ȺƦǹģȺȰľҾƻҪͷͷŵ׶͸ˬһδԼ
˵ɶ˵ݱֵĶãĺãõȺƦӶۣ˾᲻ְ
˵ῴˣȽǧǧеǧ
ïͷѾˣҲָտɴбǡжЩݱֵǱˣ
ݱֵԴȽɱԼʲô찱˵ԸĸЧϣʱ򲻵ǮϿɻڴǶķҲָտɴ
ƾȽɾڼլһҲԸţ˵ǸǮϿҲԸ⡣
ȽɣǸвƽСǰ


39 ܽһ
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Զĺˮһڡ
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˵ľҲ̾˿
һ컹õģϴ˴ܻ꣬²ˮһкЩ춼죬ǵˮʣЩҪǽûûˡ
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赺ֻʱ·̣ÿζҸɲ͸Ҫң쵰
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û뵽ٴ棬תԼ˶Է
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ϸǺһֶ̱Ͳǹһ㣬Ϻ޵Ļûʤ㣬Ƕں˵ȴǶװ
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ԲԶأ


40 ܽ
Ÿɶ˺ߣעΣ
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ܽȻнȴСǽʯֶںߣɽϻݡ
Ϊ˱֤ȫǰѺߵĹľˣϰһ۾ͻᱻ֣вͨ
СðմµıģǱһҲ˴޶ֺãһ·ߣְǶȻҲϢɽկ
¶еǹƵģȫӺĿǰһֻѣ˵ǶݱֶרԶɱĿꡣǹװԶĿһıһǡҰҪϤһӣЧҲǺã׼ܴ򼸰ף
޶ǰǹѡ˵ġ׼УҪǹΪˣڲٰһιѡΣīڴѧԺǽǹԭʹҪ㣬ĩ˻ֿԡ
¶ǴֿӱԶСġѡγʮС±һʼкܶ˶
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´ͷĶ̫һǰԭ輧̷´˶˹˵̫´˵֡
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һȥβۣ˵ǻزʺʳŶԣлľͷ˵ľϸǲõģϸҪ´ͷĸ滻Ķֵǰ˳ɶǹ赺Ҫˡ
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ȻǸǺˮӣͱ˿ݳˣ


41 ͣ
걳죨赺ֻʣʮˣԴ˵Ǹ֮ĺϢ
ԭĿԺܽΪ壬ֱȡԶķ죬붫ϵöӳװγû뵽ǡɸϹ걳飬мĲαװǱ룬ֱϵĴڱ
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˶ԾԾԣֲ˵ֻ۰Ͱ͵ؿľ
˵һһɨ
Զǹǹܽⳡս˳⣬±ϱ˲ٵ
֮ǰѵսֻǵطս⡢屻Ѫԣָӳ˵һ¡
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ںܽ峡ˣ׼ӵ걳죬Ҫǲһ¼ֱźغܽҲаҲǼʮľ룬кٴҲƾֳɵĹ·Ȩǹˡ
͵۹۲һ³¶аġ
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룬УҲɵӣҲӦ˹
Ҷ֣šκУҲУԼƣս
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ǰõľ͵еѪԣѪ̫Ҳͷʹڲͷ
죬㿴һģʲôӣ
һȦֵָŽҶ֣š
ͺ죬׼׼ϳȥܽ


42 걳
赺ʱ
Ϧһ˿߳󺣣ܲĻʼС꣬͸һСλƵسںƽϡ
ϵڱˣͬЦһ
ƣɼøȺȥ͸Ҳôãȥܵô
㣬զ֪˼ҲȥɷɷɼøǵϳԲǵ˴ܵҲܺߵˣܵϵ˭ָԷ
ආǿеĴܵǺܽɼøǹ赺ϸܵ͸ˣʱʻС纣ȥͻڹ赺Ͽǿ£ΪҪ̰ڵԼ˻ˮһᶼӸñԵˡɼøһм·һȳһգܳ٣ӵĲ¡
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ȳȵɼøֻ꣬ڴܵϲҵڸУÿϵҪͣգֻΪԼҲһ˷ӭĿС
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˵ڱҲЦˣ׷һ˿ɡ
ǰôǶأ
꣬ǵǹȶˣǰӺ׷ŴҲƴһƴԵ½ֱӴݳǣ
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ǲǷǹǹĸԶ٣ǵʲô


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43 Զǹ
걳սøɾ䣬ǰ֧Ԯķͺ첢ûüʩչ㱻˴ɨսĻơ
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ţҲûбĿˡ±ıĶǺװʽ北Ҫֹװҩ衣ɹ걳ս֣źͽҶԶǹﻹҪԼҩǹţϻһһȻȲǹ٣ʤ̾ˣֹģķսмһǹһ鷢
ҶԽԽֻԼһѹǹ񫡣
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ݱ֣ܹǹͳԶǹ˭ϺĴεƷųƽӻ
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УǮϿһ֮취
Ǯ˵ݱֵǹٱЩǶ磬˳ɱҲ֧Ԯˡ


44 
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ʲôβʲôʽѷȻҪǵôӹܣٰʮ궼Ҳû·неһǽԼͻïͷûǮûйϵĵùһʣ˶Բ
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ιҾԼҲǮ˵ˣûһ䲻ĿڵģٴǱƵܡ
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45 ʦ
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֮ǰ͸˵ǹȻãǹޣ̫ʺϳսϣʱܸһ£ʺսĳǹ
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ҲΪżȻ˵ûҲɰȴ֪սеĶ̰ж£ǿҪȥģ
ʦ˳ƷһȫҪĳԶ벽ǹɰѰŸ˻ˡ
죡죡ûйٽһ
ʦƷȻͬ죬ѾȲҪԶŵԶǹ


46 ϸ
ͼֽĽһʰȽֱİֳһĹרʦƵԶǹ
ǶʦģƵʵԡ
ʦıͻ龽ṹǳأЧͲǹ⣬һʹɸĸֻڴͳ兩Ŀͣĳ̶ֳϱǹױӺӽܡϾѾ˰꣬͹춼Ե͸͸ֹҲҵ滻ĲϣʹҪ󣬶һԼóɱֱһá
ΪףȽҲԶǹô
ϵĹ۵һ£һЩʹϸ˽顣ȽŸɴҲʦСԺ˷ֱʹ÷Ʒ˺ޣֱӣĹܣͨöԶǹ󷽰
һԶǹΪǹ01ǹȡΪǹ01պ⣬Ϊġ족ϵǹеĵһƷҹɡֻ͡ڻû֪ǵǵƺظȡ˴ţʽС
ȷҪԶǹԭͲԣԭϱԽسԽԶǹҪȶǹ˲٣Ȼһʹôͳ掠Ҳʱʹãվǳ֮ƣΪ˳ǹ01δǣȽŻҧȫ׾ϡ
Ȼ֮ǰԤϵĶ϶Ҫɵģ׼ڽոܽʴ󵥾Ե󲻵á
㣬ԶǹƷ߰ѡеѱƷչʾȽȫ˴ҪںܽսգҪṩʹ÷
ȻһڴӦʵϣڰŵĺҪӦûж
걳һ۽ύһݳս棬˴ݺʹĵãʵϴӽܴʦ˶ͷǸдѧ¼ĺòϡ
ǲѧɻġ
ȽЦŴʦ
־ڴˣҲѡӺУĳɼԭҲǿīڴѧԺġ
ϲ赶Ūǹ
Ҳǡ
Ƚ룬ȻҲ㲻絽ϲʲô
ˣûȷϲãƫƫʲôá
ȥУܳΪϯشӼһͷ׬ǮҲͬһ㣬żĹȻܳһǮܿ
ȽźͲˡ
ȻīڴѧԺɵĿǰҲǸͨԱǵһǮû׬סҪУʵǲ
ӽܴʦҪ֪ԼСͽԷƱǵúݺһͷǣúûһĺˮ
ưñǹа͵ľȽҪ˵Լۡ¾û۵ˣ
ϴεĸǴұģܲٽһ֣
緹ʱȽԼʦ
дȥʹҪĸƷʺܸߣǱʱûҵԭֻжȾֻԳһ֣ҪҪ
Ⱦ֣
Ƚ룬ҡͷ
У̼ʻ̫࣬Ĳǹܱ֤ܲȫ

ӽܴʦ̾˿
˵īڴѧԺҲұҵģôһƾĹû취ұֽ֯׬ǮͶͣĻ˲Ը
ǵǭƷһ㣬ʯӹĳɱȺ߳٣ƫƫƷȥʡҪ־һҲòϣͱұ죬Ҫ͵ôӺ취Դ
˵ӽܴʦ˶١
˵ºǱвУԲȥ̽һ¡³ұ˵ҵҪĸϡ
£ȽҲĥǵñԨ˵ǸӺл˵ãǿģ˵ܴҵԴ
ΪиԨǣߴšԨڱܵȻ϶ȥ˶£԰ݷл˵ò˵ʮַʮ㡣Ԩ뷨ܼ򵥣л˵Ȼл³ӰߵĸǶģҪ˫ܹδһȶ
ܵĹһǹĿǰ׬⣬л֮ԶӺҲҪΪԼҵĸҵʵңһ׮˫Ӯ⡣
Ȼл˵ȴ롣ˣ־ƫƫڻǺŸԨʹ¡ڸԨ룬л˵ðѼӰڵʮ㣬һ۶ûиԨ
ɲԼ⣬Ǽҵĸһһĺã˭˭ռˣôܽкأǶ
ڼδҲȰϾڶס˴ˣŰݷõĵǲ٣̸ȴ޼Ǽѹ۵ˣԨıʮģҪһЩֻҪʵ·¹ĹͿˡ
ǸŮС֮гⳡϵ²һ֪Ϊܺл˵ָһЩͨŵδûйͬԡ
ƫƫһ㣬л˵÷ǳ⡣л˵üΪءͳΪŮ޲űǵ£ֻƹܺլ¡ͷ¶ĻƣֻвҪ桢ŵ٬ŮӲŻȥɡЩ˾ظ£ͭ
˵Ȼ
İԼл˵õӣǡƣ취Ϊڼ֮ǰԸѡַѾ˵ճлĲ̸һҲиǰʱСȰһ䣬˭֪л˵ôŭͷһʹĻƿһֻˤŶߡ
ŵûֽ벻ףΪʲôԼһδ
ڲȻ˵ʱǹͬѸԨڿһл˵ýư˼ӣǸԨڶΰݷãζҪ˼һȷĴ𸴡
ֻһ˳Ԩал˵ɵȴ㲻¶Ц
ǴŮܼҺŮģ͸ԨҲйŮֻЦʮǿԸԨĴ֧֧̽ᣬ̬ȽӲȻ
Ԩʲô׵ģɴֱǲл˵ò⡣
˵Ҳ˵ǣֻ˵δ鲻ãԨֱ˵شˡ
鲻ã
ЦһӢǱġ
һͷһ˵⻹ҪġСҲˣԸֱ˵ͺãҲһδ˷ʱ䣬ˡ
ԵŮܼȴס֡
лүϲŮͷ¶棬СѾ˼ɻ䣬и˷ס
ǸԨߵűߣȻʲôֻعͷЦЦؿ
˵漮ǰԶߺСȻ˴ӺϾʱĴߣһ¹ķ顣
ǿǸõط


47 
뿪лңԨҲеͷ
л˵ȻŵлҵĸûëģŹȶл³Ͻ˹·ĲܺܿҪչǿ϶־۸ݱҲǸѡ
ƫƫл˵ãһԭ°ͳͷˣǴﲻԼҸڴӺҵг׼ĿǺҲͺļС
˭ôӺĹҵѾѹ˽ءۿʼĽȻѾ⣬ϲصֲ԰֯Ѿó׬˭ԸȥǮ࣬Чĸأ
ԡӺûĸϵĲҵֻҪǳƷͿˡ֪ں޵Ѿǹʶľ棬ӺԼҲΡ
ȥĶҸأ
Ԩ°ͣȥһȳǡ
¸۸ȻҲУĸҪǺϸҲȥл˵ϡŵҪߣ϶ﲻ
ȸǺóٵĶۣǱвк˽פ㣬ҵԽǢˡ
˵Ԩ˴ƱƱֱȸۡ
λϱĿ񣬺Ȼ˷ܵ˽
˵𣬶ïͷǰЩɹո˹걳ͺܽ
ԨԡָУۣתͷʺĳ˿͡
˵ǲǶˣ
ǵģ
ŵˣӦѧУԱһһűֽһ˷ܡ
ǵģǶïͷ
ϼҾڶĺϪЩ߯ɶʱʱҪϮŽӣڻȥοܳˣ
ïͷǶһ֧˵ֻһҹսһ
˵ϵ˿Ҳʼֽ
ѧõǡձǮص£ձⳡʤ飬ҫ֮£ͻ˴ӵʲô侲η侲ֻ˿еޣøԨһᡣ
ⶼĶƨ˵⻹մ޵Ļ쵰ôȻ˵ȷǶһ̵ıģҲôţ˵ĺ·һ
ߣǿŰŸǹȻյķ⡣
ڴԨԶǲģɱϾո걳ͺܽǺ£ҲǴˣ̲סѽıֽֿ
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Ԩеִȳǡһ´ͷһˣǱܰŵĺҳɡ
ԨҳɵĹ۸лλصĶֹۿʣʮֶƢ
ҳȻҲǿ˸Ԩ΢һ㣬ȻЦųк
һҲ¥£˱˱˴˵Ľ
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˵ţҳɱԨ򵥽һ˸¥յ
ȻѾȽſһ飬ɸԨһ
ʱ̫ˣҿǷӦĿ졭
ҪǴޡüʱ
˵ʱҳ΢ԥһ£ܿĿʮֳϿҡ
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ȻһֱڴĹ۸бȽϸӣ̹Ϊ˲ҳڶԷĹ
ϮĺͻȻǰԤǵжʱֹԱϯұвࡣ
Ŷ
Ԩһڡ
ŵҲȤϲҲ˵˻Ҳ֪ôôʵˡ
룬Ĵֱת˻⡣
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ҺżԽӰʵѲ˿ɿļ˹ȥ˵ڶܰȫʱ׼뿪ӽܡϽлŽݴʦҲڡôæ˴꣬ڵÿգȥ
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ع֮ǰں޾˵˾ɾ£׿ˣʯҶȣ֪ط־һֻ䣬ҵ˰ĺ޶ǲǻ̫һµ֡
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ʵ̫һȫûйϵ̫诵ĶѾǻҳȨȹ̣вûҪԡ
ԩҲôϴͶġǶɶ㲻ǹͷԴӺڻиأʵǿıضܸԼͳһװŷǹ޲ɱдԱ˵Ҳ̵̫ĺʿ
ʲôԽĨԽڣҵǰںڹǱˡ
ʢʲô
⣬Ԩջ˼ЦŻش
׼С⣬·
ʢ׼ԺڴӺô
ҳʵ
˵մӺ޻عǱߵôʥ·űըˣɣеĻô
ԨЩҳɵû뵽ԶڴӺʵСӣȻԺ޵ʮ˽⣬֪ɣ׼֡
룬ԼȽаյϢ˵
еȴڼӣΪ˵ɣѾõ˽̻ϿɣϣǹܽˣϣǴ󹫻ȫ֧õ·¹Ļλ
ϣֿ֧ɣ
ҳ΢΢üϢʮֲš
ϣǴ󹫵˳λǱȿɣĻҪǰɣΪʲôҪ֧ԼĶ֣
Ϊһò·µĻλ̳Ȩġ
ԨѲ豭ڲϣպŲˮϻ˼ʡ
ҳһˣǿɣ׼·¹һ͸ϣǴ󹫣Ϊ˵Ļر
ͳȥĵȻ·¹ԶڶͼذϵһСأϣǴ󹫴õ޻ֲء
Ϣʵ
ҳҲʵ
ղǰ˾Ųʮˡ
Ԩ΢΢ͷ
˵ɣڱֵĺɭķɽ̻Լᡣ޵ĸҪǲʹμʢĵǻ䣬յ°ķƬ޻ﱻϣǾõ£û˻ġ


48 Ǳı
ȻǺյ°ķô
ҳüЩ˼
յ°ķǶͼĵطչ㣬ط֣λںصϣǹѵĵط
յ°ķλڶͼսҪ壬˺յ°ķ͵ڿưͼ밢Ǻӿڣ޻ó׵Ҫڵ㡣
ȻĿǰΪֹ޻ػϲƽԭ޷֯Ѹϲƽԭ޻Ѿ޷㺣޹ǵθڣҪѰµֲ԰
յ°ķ֮һǾϣǴ󹫹дĵطȻ졣
ֻǰ·¹Ҳǳصģλʱ뺮ؾ޴СսʼûϣǴŵռˣס˺յ°ķ⡣
ֻ񲻱·¹׳걩û¶ӣĽ򡢱ͷϣǴŵķ˼̳ѡ
Ȼ·¹ڶŵȫܡڼᣬϣΪڶԭҰ壬ǺսҰޱ̰·¹òĵˡ
ɣŵĺ뻢ıƤ·¹档
ǿһ¡
ҳΪ̹ϣ޶ڴӺΪӺУĸ߲汱صĶӣʶȱѾĿȾΪܡ
һĹСϢƲӶͱϣǺͿɣͬ˵ļƻȻҲǸҰļңܱŵ׳ʵáϾǸӵĹӺоͻϮţѹһմһա
Ԩϲȴ֪ԼĻﵽԤڵЧ
ǵģ鱨͸¶ҳɵģҳ׿Ķӣδı̳ˣȻעϣǹĶ
ǸܺõĻᣬȴ˳ͷѧԺɡ󻯣Ҫںߣעܱ¶Լʵ
㣬
ܺô֣ܹ黹Ҫġ
ԨЦ˵
ϣǹʳͲƥԣöй屳̻ڴڱ˸ֿ⣬׼ͼһʳ޲֪Ȥ
ҳɵȻûȤ
ΪҵҪѧ˸ʵ׬ۣǵðȴ۲ɡ
ˣҿûʢ͵ļҵס
ҳҡͷ˶١
۹ο϶Ҳܴ׬һʡ
˵㲻˵ˣԨһЦ˴˶ڶԷпڴ
ԨԵ޹·¹Ĺλ֮ҳҲܺ޸ף׬һʡ
Ѳֿ⽨ڱϣǹ峩յ°ķķģѹͼ۸չʣȴϻ·˵𴦷ƶյ°ķŵĵС
ԨϢԴǳɿȻ͸¶ͬʱԼҲŴע
ȵϢͱƣϣǹڻݵĿֻź;ɥԭ㹺ùϷֺյ°ķǮѻȻһԵĶڻ
ҶǴˣһоڲС
ʢʹбҪȥ
ҳЦ
ҺͷȻô
ǵǡ
Ԩҡҡͷ
ҪѰһʸϣ˵ȸƼ
ϣ
ҳ΢
ûжʣֻڽʱЩĲɡ
ԨˣϿı仯̽ʵ
ͿҲҸϣ
˶٣΢΢ü
ôǵôӺڱ˭ȱҲȱ
Ҳ˵
ҳɿЦһ
ϣڱ߾±߷ѹ󣬳͢ľ蹩ʱʱֻԼ취
ʢں޳סҲʹõɣķ001Щ߶մϡ߾ڻõһǰĵ北ЩǿѪŶסϣȺˣ
ڵսҲԽԽԽʮǰϣǹ˸аͻڵĻңŵ˰ͻϵеĻǹǺͶԷĻѾԽԽˡ
˵⻰ҲĸԨйܣΪλεʵǴӺϣǹұ˴˶֪
޶ԴӺ˻ʮ꣬ʮǡǡǺ޹ҵͻͽʱڣ˫Ĳ༸ֲ
֮˵ʵ̽ԨҳɻɸԨѰҸϣʵΪȽšһֱڶӽܡϽлŽҲûлصīڴѧԺ֮Ƕïͷոܽ걳죬һս׵鱨УճݱһзĹؼ
ţλʦݱ֡
ô
ҳȽཻ꣬ѵŴԶúͳȤ˵ûԹǹƣĶʦӽڱίоǹġѲγɹˣ
ɹˣӴʦΪʲôûиţһݲأ
ѵѾѡͶˣ
͸׶²ʮֻΪͱǿ׳ۺıȣոܹϮŵĶֱһɢɳĿξûУεĿǮϿﻹǸúĹϵ
ӽܺͱ˼꣬˫һĬ죬ʵûɸޡӴʦƷ߽࣬Ҳֱˡ
ΨһĿܣݱֵˣӴʦвûҪá
лŽݣϽ
ǡȽš
ҳɾ÷˼׸ȽŵĿΪΨһ˲ı
ǰݣһΪ̽ѣҲҪ̽һݱֺͶïͷ鱨˵ںܽ-걳һʹʽǹпܵĻһҪۿ
ڣȳ˰ŵıԨԨ͸¶ѰϵͼѲҳ롣
ԣǰǹҪô
Ӵʦǰùһ֣ʱҲõĲࡣӺڱԨ֮ԸԼ⣬ܿҲ̽
룬һ£ǿЦ̹ס
и֣ʱϲܱͻڣǹһĻ
˵⻰ʱҳһֱŸԨ顣
Ԩһ̧ۣ̹
ǸˣȻҲ֪еĸֶܱɰͻںͷǹǹҪкø֡
Ӧҳɵ̽
ⲢǸԨţǰǰĶ
޵ĸȻãڹҵĸϣȽŻǸڹڹӺҪֳ·ߣڹϲܹ֤ȶܽʡһ˷ѣƶݱַǳҪ
ӺĸڱұͶұѵģ󣬹жȳˡ
ԨӲڶܰл̸Ϊл˵þǸ֪νĹӸ磬лҳлԹӺлҵ塣
ĿѡǱд󣬻йûҪʲôĿͻʺ̸еģ
ԭ׼̽̽飬Ȼ㶯ϡû뵽ҳɾȻ˸ͷһ¶򡭡
⡣


49 
Ըһļϣ˲Ų˷ʱ䣬ȻԼټ
ҳ£ֱŸ׵ɫҴҪһԨȻñǸѡ񣬿ûһϵĵ׼һ
ǰѱϢݣȻȳһĴ̽ΪԶó֤޵ͱصжʮֿأĲԨҲܾҲܣһ̫ˣ÷𣬺ܿͰѽó׵˸š
˵ȸۣзȻǷϴСʼ˷ƶ࣬ſϳԿ಻˴ӺһڴͷֿĴϹ˱洫ͳھҵҵܴһܳҵסԶó𣬺һӱֿȡҵĴִȣϵİͷˮ־ḻƾŹӲʵһԾΪȸĴ
ԨٳʱȽΪʺϰʦ֡øԨԼҲԷȤһŰݷá
յʱȵġԨļĸǺѿ²ŵԶֶŮѿжϵͬһ罻ȦӣСϢ١
ƺԭҵΪ볤ҲȦʹ÷з
ֻǷû뵽ԨȻȽŵı磬һŰݷˡ
ŵǿˣ
ٹеʵ
ݳȣ˵ҪҵҲ֪˸¥Ҳڣ˻ǺӡȾ붫ֻ贬̣ҼеǴкҽ٣ؾ
ԨæЦŵлĵܵԵȻ棬һ߿ڴѧԺ˵ٴΪͽﻹдԼΪС򵽴Ҳ֪ʲôа
űܵаҲιһ·ҵĴĿǰһͷ緫ϴĲľͷΪṩ㹻ĶҪʹ÷緫һͲ˲øصĸʡ
Ԩ봬ʱ򣬵һۿľ˾ηľ޷ڼװ30׸ߣһǷεǹ롣
֮⣬ҷ緫-϶ӵ16ǷЩǷԽСȴ׽ܷǶȡֻӭ纽УЩΦ֮ǷṩʹܹȻٺС
ֻ϶ԴīߴǵĴ٣Ҳ֪ϽµһҳɹСΪֲ⣬봫ͳ緫趨ںɵлȻһֱ
Ϊȷ緫ܹʹãӺ촬עܲýϳصǡ촬˽϶ԼǷƾϸޡ
ǴӺĴı䣬ԶϣĿǰ˵û޷Ӧ深ʢĺóסҪٶȺ͸͵˷ѣĿǰļ£ΨȻ
ϴڷϴĺ췫ԿٵзĽǶȣ޶ȵĳԷ磬߿Դﵽ18ڵĿٺ״̬ͬĴȴֻ7ڵٶȻУÿú24ңɱԱʵԡ
Ҳû취Ҫʵ
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֮ǰѧԺʱ򣬰ųоľҾ;뷨ܺáҪԺһֱܺõĶأǵĴĸܵø죬ϸΪ̵ǡ
˵սȻٲܺܿ죬һںϣǵľսҪԿҲ֪еôģ˵Ѿϳ˽ҿж콢Ȥ˵¸Ӻ޹

ԨЦһаҡͷ
ôģɿӿ㽢Ҳ˼þ˷˲Ҫģ΢װһٸ߼۳ۣγս
ߵϣǲǸôŵҪһһڴ˰еߺʺʱһԶ֮߼Ǵãܲµһʱʣڲʴܴܲ춼Ǹ⡣ҲϣûжרңűƳɵӡ
¸ȻҲ󣬵ʥ³ѧԺ罻ȦɿЩ¡ӺڻжоˣһٶĽĲɲֹ꣬ӺΪĶѹʱ᲻Ҳ˺Ƴԩͷ
һ뵽ЩԨҲֻε̾˿
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ҳ룬׵֧֮Ԯѵİá
һر֮취Ѽúͳ͹ʵоǲǸô˵ˣҵĺϢ

Ƚűһ
Ҳһ˵û뵽ɾȻ˵Ҫ˳ҡͷ
ввУ
ŵͷҡ˲˹ġ
ԪҿĲˣúͳ󣬿ɲڡ
㣬ʲôǲƷҼʵҪװ档
⻰ûţڱӪ꣬ʾ֧鲼ӲʵڴӺҲǲСúͳȻϡ棬λǿ֤ģӺĿû˵¡
Ҫ֪ǹĪ˵һúͳֻҪԸȥ߳ǣɿһɶпܣ
Ҫ֪ɿǱѵҪԴδ̳˶մȾĶ֮ǰ͸͸ݱֵλ뷨Щ̸
ڿЩˡ
ǹǰţŵļҾڶݣζ뿪ݱֵģοҲо
ʦԶǹлŽоñ׻ҶҲǳźһⶼܾˡǶԸ뿪īڴѧԺȥֻѡίеķʽ
ȻīڴѧԺѧҳɶԸѧõƢԻ֪֮ġʦлʦˣǮ͵λǲΨмҹܰǴԼĳµСʵѾеҪֻҪǮϿﲻݱֵδԿڡ
Ǿ˵ˣ
ҳЦˬʣߣһѺѵͷë
ɶʱСһǴӺԼĳʱһ
˵ȽҲѡͲǾˣܿ׵Ժ󣬴źѲιԼСʵ䡣
ھɾö
ҳָżϵľü
㾹Ȼţ

Ƚһ
ûϵīڴѧԺӦñƴȽDϧҲܸһ

ҳӦһҲû̫࣬߶ȽDںѿֿ
ʧķ裬ӶڲϵĸߣһČ^ˡ
ϵȷвĵ˼ңǰ֮µĺᡣһԶˮ뱾µĻѪӣ˵ٸͳһǼǳϡȽDͨϵ鿴˲ϵĶûнČ^ˣתȥ˶Ҥ
˵ҳЦһ
ھү˵ħˣ˴ʦаһͷһĺڹѪ
ûʲôã˵ˡҲ֪ǸČ^ʲôȻȽDǸĸҲǸˡ

ҳ˵ʱȽž͹ԹԵʵķʮšȺûʲôоҶǲɵˣֵ
ȽDǶ¹֣ҲľϡȽҪѾϽīڴѧԺԺĶСͳǿҷԡ˵ǰľѾʧڵöƷԭͲôڡ
īڵʷʹѾɣڵīڴѧԺѾҪȥʲôҲ˵Ը
ðɡ
ȽŹԹԵͷ
Ȼô˵ȻҪհ졣
ȽDƣʱ棬⻹һ
һȽűҳȥϵʳԷ
ԴݱֽԺԷǰĺֺܿ
пյʢ˵Ķ֪ǿĲҵµĻȽҵСүȽǰǶһȻ˴룬Ǽҵ׻ڣƿ϶ˡ
ݱҲȷûйҵڴһžⲻϣ添ҲԽͦԽֱάּе⣬ҲʼǮ
гһʼֻΧסűⵣЩԽԽ࣬˰̯СԣƳ߹иɴģԼҷӸĳ˵̣ר⡣
ȽŴҳɽģһҲ۵ĵ̣ľʵʲݵдż֣ȴ˿Ӱݷ㣬෻ſڵϣڳζĲͷ
ӣСһء
ȽųﺰһȻҳſ˸ƴ¡
ҳɾú档֮ңȻСûбߣ׿̬ϰҪʮϸӵĳԷʽһ顣
ȽһϰΪ̲ס
ţ㳣˴Էô
š
Ƚŵ˵ͷ
շǳʦҶϲż£Ҳ
Ҳ
ҳʶӡ
ܾðſеġ硱ʹʶĴͬһˣȫӺУԱ󲻵ǵϯôӵһ档
һ֮УҲλͬĸֳ˸֪ˣ˵һֺݶڿһͷԼܼܵĴڣһʮ˼ܲµ뷨
ȫһˣʵҲԡȽңȽŷǳںļҪȽҺͰйأжǲԤ⡣
ԵĻҳɻǲΪС˶ֳո˺ܽ͹걳죬Ƿʱ˵ïͷĳƽ׼Ͷųɴֺ̨ıȨ
ƽϽڱҲԼĹϵǸʹιǸŮδرȵù
¼ҿʼֹҲڰƲҪĶλ˾дŸ˵Ѿȥ߹ϵܲܰѳƽ౾ѹ
˾˻˵¼ҵȫϵһϡ¼Ҷӵּ֧ҵĴ壬¼Ҫϼ̳˵λã¼Ҿ͵÷ֱȽһ³
ҳɱ˾˵ķңպݱֵͷ͸Ը˶
֪ӾǲҵλãҳԼ˿϶ǲ˵ģʱҲҪȫ
ֻðΪѡ
õѣȫεˡӺ˲ЭУΪڶſ϶Ҫʧ



54 
ҳɺȻĳĬȽžЩ졣
Ҳû˵ʲôɺѳԼУȥ
ҳǱ˵ѵġ˶Щ˼ЦЦָŷ˵
㣬ſط
Ƚɵص˵ͷ
ĲݳĺóԣҪΪĵ̱ˣҲ¡
˵̾˿
ɣͱ࣬⻼ǲܹȵġΨԼӲܲ꣬Ȼͺ͸ľǵԭ
Сʱ򱻼ּҵĺ۸ҴġһҺ糳ˣ಻죬ǼӾ۸ҡǽѵһ١ǲףһӵìܿţΪлѻ˵㵣ĵδ˼Ҫģ㲻һڶպȫֵá
һ˵һ߸ԼвˣȻЩˣԵø
ҳȴûжӣһֱĥȽ˵Щȴ⣬ƺʲô
ãЦ
һĻ㡣
ϧ˶һ𳤴ֵܹĿɳ𣬸˵дСͷָأİҲûʲô˰ɡ
ΪȽŻᷴɶԷȴ˵ͷرʾͬ
˵Ķԡ
ȽְһڷСֹ
ѪԵҲһͻ׽ҺȽDҲѪԵǴС治һž˵ζͶɡ
ҴҲûȥӺ˴Ƚң˵ʵҲǺܷŭ
ڵôµļҹ棬֯԰ȷķʮ֧ĳʣȻеĴ游ҵģ˾ǸˣҪ壬Ըķ䡣
ģΪЩǮƾͲѪ飬һıȶסҪǲƣֵöҹ˼ǲҲľѪȻǡ
ҷֵĺȽҵĳǺܣķʮ֧Ǹ侮ʯڶծģЩҶһһһȽǰֲ䣬֮ԻڶΪгһֱѪҺ綼ΪĿƴһС
˵ҳɱͷ˼ãҲ֪ͨʲôԭЩӯ˹ʡ
˵Ķԡ
ҳһڷˣ֭Ũۡ
ĲζھԵú¥ζóԣ
һֱͷԷ·ղһ䡰˵Ķԡڿա
ȽżԵ㣬˵Ҫ˼ˡ
û
ŨصЦ
ֵ׳׳ʵʵҳʳҲ˶٣ʳǲ
ҲèθڣһСʳҪϰ죡ɩɩÿ컹ò˶ĸأ㻹˼Сǡ
Ƚű˵еҲס
ɩжߵרѧԱɩ¬ҵ᪽ѧԺ˶ѧУҵĻԱǰʱλɩӶҪæ뷨պݱֵĻҩȱ֣Ƚűλɩȥһ¡
һԣڳ˲š
סƶ¬ϸù沶꣬ʮĬ潫ҩ֧þѾΪݱҪһ
ÿ춼ºͨڣճȽտڿƽѩѾ˽ѧõͣɣȽ˵Ҳ㸺
֮ܽǰһʱ䣬ݱֶΪⳡս׼ǻҩҹת˳̬
൹תλȴֻֻܻʱҪͷжæʱ¬ɴסݱֵ᷿Щʩ֯԰ģԼʰáֻ֯԰ʱûʳ䣬λɩӾﶨʳ
걳֮սԺ˶ע⵽ݱ֣ïͷ֮⣬Ҳ̽ԵĶʼӴ¡
ǹԭǼˣȴõĲ϶УúǴǮؼҵĿɽԴԴ롣ïͷĻǹɣ֮׵ĵ϶Ҫһ¬ѾõԤ
ҩˣŮޣҪһĻҪϸȷȻҲвСӣ˵ǿ׳϶ȽʵܱȵġܿЩ˷ؽö֮;С忿ס
˵ȥ껹˾ɾĻǺأµôߵ¥ˤܻŶǸ漣ɲԽصˣ
Ƚżֱ֪ôϴˢԼϵԩ岻׳ʵǸ簢ӺУԱȣīڴѧԺճǿǵҪÿζõŵأ
塭ȷʵ˵㡣
ҳͬĿ⿴źѣһƵȽŵǰ
ЩЩǵġ
Ƚţ
˷һȦ
ҳǰݣСȴǵһ˵֮Һ󣬶ǰ׸ݾǰҵΨϵз˪֮ɫͱ𴦸ⲻͬҲҳʮָп
û뵽һұ־ܸıһصķò
˵ȽЦЦ
ĵĶ
ȼٹ²ݳǶҪ
ҳɾȽڴţ
ȻݱֺܰҲһСͱıڱҳüңǴĻбҲûܸıʲô
пȫӺĸɵʱĹһֱеڣ˵ҲһĹ⾰ˡ
ܴһƬ߷չɴӺһ󿤡ǰһֱ֯Ƽĵط첼ƥ˿ǾԵмңɶԸǴδԣŻǰ̫ˡ
ɵڶݼǮϿӿ̸˵ҪݱְѶɾ¯Ĺҵ뵺ҳɾòûסԼı顣
һģôǡշô
ףҳҲûұֳһڱоְⱱҲȷڶڹ˽ܵǮϿ
ǮϿˣһ۾֪СӲĹ滮㿴Цöǿ׿Ϻ껹ǲ˲ٻ򣬹ȻǸޣȱ
ҲûʲôʮǮͶֵʱϱҲţܾӴһȥء
զһڵĺ䣬ЩֵǮĺúҲܸһ档ǣԶǹǹïͷո걳Ĺһ㣬ϱۺᣬֱ˵үҺСӱ˴óƱҪٶӵ㡣
ܹҪεģ˵Ƚɾ͸ʵأǺܿȽСӵģһһศɣǸ߼СҲܺãӹ飬ǿĲϡ
Щܸ֧Ǹʱ򣬱˵Ǳδļ̳ˣ׿˹Ҳ΢ɫٺ١


55 ߻
ҳˣȽŸᣬϲ̵뿪˶
еȽûиȥͷСպïͷһĽգȽҪȥĽӡ
꣬ϸһ£ֳȥ˹ԭϵĳɱݱֵϾȻвӯࡣ
Ϊ֧ԮӾȽǹҪ۷ǳġȻȴӺӹõϻ凉һЩмеķǹͰͻȣݱֵǹֱƾʵݣȻξƽҲἱ׷
ɼݱһʮֿɹۣҪǵ̫׬Ǯ
ܲܺԭϵӰ죬ݱĿǰʱֻεǹǹ׵ĵȴûƣïͷͰ߶٣ǹգаݱյ˼
ȽſĿࡣ
ںȻ׺ΪʲôôĻʦоˣʵ̫׬Ǯ
Ĳ˵һǹ󣬸˵ЩڵˣֱǱ
ʵȽҲȫ͹ۣһӯڼؽԼ˹ɱ
ݱһĵطڰһ̷ֲļӹԪдʹ˴ȻеӹߣЧʲԼ˹ɱ
Ҫ֪ʱҵϤ̡ܹȶߵĽˣҪҪѺܴһǮڹǵĹϰ߲ͬ˴˼ӹȫϣֻܽɸͽܶһЧά֣˹ɱȴߵˡϽԼµĻɸѧͽóĹ߳Ĳѧͽ֣ͽǵͶǸʦޣʮܷ˳ͽ
Ȼ󲿷ֽ˶зִ磬ѷƷʿһΧڣҲó̫ࡣҲųЩ˼ɵĽˣףȫѳĲϵ׼Բ⻹ҪЮӹʱҲ˿಻ԡ
ݱȴûķա
ȽŲõˮҵһʼͰǹֳ̻ĻڣΪÿڵĳƷƶϸĲ淶
ֻҩԺźϳɵñΣգѡķݬ룬ɴÿһ趼ƶϸµ̣ҾȷжʱͷӦǲҲûϵֻҪϸִУҩİȫͲͶбϡ
Ƚž취ܺãҲڱƹ㡣ִҵˮͱ׼ҵǻãʱȴʯ쾪Ĵ١֮£ȽžȻ˽¶ӱЧܺЧ˲֪١
һԶǹǹɱͽ͵һ֡ȽһʼҲţĿʵʵͷǶÿһ춼ڸµľϲ
һïͷĶǹѾȽŵԤӯʱҲܸɶǷˣ֮ǰ칤ʱµĿҪҲҪһʽתáȻ׼ϼӹ⣬ģʽҪܹ˵ҪҪߣѾаԪȥúƵĴҪǮŵͷɲԣ
ĻǶǳͨԨһ˵˼ҵҪҲҪʲôʲôֺ죬ֵ֮겻ñĽǮǮϿѾȽŵ½𵰵Ľ𼦣ֻǮԼĶ飬ѾӼ뷽跨һ֧Ԯ
ڴ
ǰŴ磬翶ҵĵˡǮԭΪ˰ܴµģڹȻϣûǮջ
찱ʮָ
Ǳ걳ʱһֱݳлŽݺȻȽŴһϢ˵Լƺ찱ӦʺϵĴ߻
ԭȽҵСſڳ緹ϢʱֻһҲ˲ãæسſڵܡ
ѽ㣬㰡
ۼֿ
ô죬ǵ·ϳ԰
֪ݳлʦ˲Ķϼҵׯڳø߸׳
ʦģ
Ƚųʵ䣬ˣܹ߳ɰˮĲϣ
Ӧû
лŽľϣ󱳿ǽ˶һֻ㱵״̬
Ƚŵʻתͷ΢΢
У˺ü飬ȫһΣȷȶԡ
ǰȫҵѧϮҵϰߣ֤һ¡
Ƚŵͷ˵ӹȫݹʵ¼
ȫлŽݵѧҲīڴѧԺϰ˵Ȼְλͷٲ࣬ʦֿʵʵѧʵˣʮֵʦǵľء
Դ찱ԺлŽݾͰȫٻ˹ʱ˿̣һ߳ȵʦ־ȻҲеʧأںϾȻԼõۡ
ܿ죬ȽҲʼǵˣΪԼҲЩƲס
ɹˣĳɹˣϳɰˣ
īڴѧԺĿߣӺ̩µĻУһƪϸ˰ڹҵеҪá˵ǼҪ޻ƷѧϷũҵҲΪԭƷ
ھгԺϳɷϣȻʱİҪȻȡϵЧʮޡӺ̩ȥǰƵҵļƻīڴѧԺΪһһīѧ˵ִ
ڼƻᵽĸϷϣء李李ȻԼֺϷʣ԰ΪԭϵġΪϳɵñͻҩԭϣҲǿסݱַչһ
ڣˣлŽݴˣ̩ԸɣĸīԱܲ
ȫȫ
лŽƿͽܷ֣ĵվЩʡ
һаˣһ˾ǣҪȥĹǰ㱨Ϣ
ҿ¼롮²šʱģҪΪӺԼũʣϣˣ
ӺķʡлŽݶ֣ʼʵתȦһתһ߶߶
ǸԻѧߣճŰɫ޲ӣϳŻѧҩˮĴ̱ζδͷ߶߶ΪλӺĻѧʦȥʧķͨͷҲû
Ƚźȫȴ˿ù죬ذ⡣
ôĺ£Ҫ֪ѧУɣУǷƻڿԺˣУԸ
뿸һȥĹǡ²šѡ¼ģ²šĹؾǵգҶҪĹǰݣرһ°ĳɼΪȻһᣬЭʦִ߻žⱲĳɼˣҵȥ룡
࣬Խ˵Խ˷ܣһ¾һϳɷʳʱȥĹУƷ
˵ɾ͸ɡ
ʹúмء߻߻˱ϽΪ̹ʣɹڹҵһЩ⡣
ȻҲѧģϽһ⡣
ǹ̿ǰīڵұľ鷢չͳУ潳ԶԶûһʦá
ǰݼСֶһԱ
˱Ͻļ֧֣Ƚ޸һԼĺϳɰ¯ƣлŽݵĴ߻ӦУ½һµ찱¯
ҳԨһ죬µ¡찱¯ˡ


56 ΪҪ
Ҫ˵찱ĸ죬ĵĪڶǮϿﱾˡ
Ȼֵ֪ġд̼ζҺ嵽ʲôãⲢ찱εĿʼӱϽ·ӦͼֽǮϿʱʱǰ̽αʾԸ֧ԮܾеƲ֣ñϴʦĳ⡣
ǮӵҲһ¶Ϊһ֮Ȼ˵Ҳкܶ๫ڵ
ͱ翤佫ְĽԼǰ߽ʿ졣ոܡ걳һ̴ĸɴ䣬µ۵ǻһδӺո뵺ؿ϶Ҫһ
ڵְλǸһֻǲһλȴ֮һΪϾʸ붫ξĽƽͶųƽƽ
Ҫ֪ιΪ˰Ůᵽһְǿϸϸı·Ը̨Ϸ㾭Ӫʮ꣬öƽɹżۿŮӰ࣬ƽں̰֮ηսܻɴ˸ӪĿڱҲóƽ˿ɳ֮
ǮϿԳƽĹ۸вٱǸϵιǿҰҲģǸѪԵľͷ
ƽǮϿܹյˣĿǰǺϵ϶ԿųԼųɱιңйͬ档һųɳ֣ƽƲƴӣͥǱȻ
ǮӶԼĶλʮҲûдȨ뷨۳ƽˣҰĲڿξһְ뻹Ҫ⵹ûͻˡ
ƽڶ꣬סҲȻɵأʱ򶫺˵մء
һ뵽ǮϿ;״Ҫú磬Գƽļαһӣȫ׼
׹ȻǴö̶¾ͽľɹո˺ܽ걳뵺϶ߵһյľ㹻ˡ
鹻Ͷʱʵ̡̫Ӻдδдĸ¾ͽεģ˵̫µĹأΪǷֹùϵףҡġ
ҲȫС
ƽһȲ衣
ĩβһ䲹䣬սʱشս߿Ρֻ̫ԺӺûʲộ߾Ͷ߶гפû¹ϵϹս
ǰûУҲСӺȻûͶɰǴӺĹأֱȻУĸ¾ոı¡½Ҫֱ£رҲôˡ
˵ƽ˶١
οиİܡ
ǹ۲һǮϿɫŽ˵
ոܡ걳˴зȽǹҲ˼ҪûбȫӦǹ͵裬ҲôɾͶ˺ܵľݵ㣬Ͼʮǳ˼ʮΣûɨĳס
ǹ·ͬСɣڳлҵľƣȽɰٺһʦ֮빦ݱ֡
˼ؽƽǮϿƢҲ˸߰˰ˣ֪ȽżΪκͿأȻҪΪ֮빦Ǵģ֪ûиȽҪƽ
ƽǺ飬˸ǹ꣬Ҫ¾֪ǶĿǰʵػס˵ʲôʱ͵˰ȥ
Ͷֻһ֮ƽҲ˲ٹڳһҹưܵĹ¡ЩԼֿסջЩ򴿴Ƿ׻ǻڵĶ¸۵ǺˣжٴӺưܺ󱻺˽֣˼ҵľ۱衣
ϿûпξֻפؽÿҪֻһΣЩ¡
ƽҲ뿴úõһңԱӦԹǮؽɡ
ֻǵ͹ǮضȽɵĿأǮǼɫز˳¶飬Ȼߵָûʦ˵ʦĴңԸⵣ̰īӹ͵۵㣬ΪرлʶȻҪʵʱ
ƽǮͻʲôûʦʲôлʶôӾͻ˵ûûˣ
ҲԷϱֻǽⷢһ̬˳ԼĿᡣ
ôһƽΨһĻˡȽҪ֪Ǵ˵ģ²Ҫĺˣ
޷ϷøǮ̵á
ǳƽֽΣڿǮӵɫͻܿŭư͵ؾ¿
ǮϿŲɵأݳͷҪһˡ
Լþյĳ߶Ȱյʮ־׼ǮϿﵱǰģϲƲ¶ףƵҪ壬ƽ˵ҲҪ취ȰȽɵ͵£Ը⵱ˣǮֲá
ϲ̵ذ빦дˣȻ˻ϼһú¡ڵ֪µİ߲ԺǮϿȥŸԼĹƣµİûмǮǽģصö֧֡
ο֧ҲǰͣǮϿʮֿȽŵı£ԼǮӽ۱裬ܴŹջ
ҲäĿšЩֵǮĺú찱Ȼ۸񲢲ߣǰھķϣһĲֵ澹ȻҲʮֿɹۡ
ɶȽɸģ
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ǼȽDǸӣǰڶʱ򴦴ѹƣججûиϢǼӶ־Ż磬еʯɽı£ķʮ֧ˣDүͷϽֵģ
⻰̫үһλµֱϣϲ̫ү˶Էһл𣬻һħа˷¡
ζۣݰүϽƵ׳ʲôģô飬ү⼸˵ˡ
Ͻ˵ǰǲĻشʦ˵þඣ
ŵĺζ켪ҲԾ˼־η
ŷʦ¶һĵЦݣڵѯʶԷʲôҵҪûмҾҪš
ҵȻûеġ
켪ؿһ۱Ʋ񷿡
ƵطͲҪˣһҪ޲뿪
ǼҾ졭
켪˿һһԼ̲סе㵹θ
ǰʵûǮȻ󣬵أŻеá
ۿҪɻڴԺҪʲôûУʵûҪ
һд컯˼ҵӿŮﷴ׸
뵽켪Ц˵
ʲôҾ죬һ˳ԱȫҲˡ
˵⻰ʱɨǽǵķһָĿڡ
һλɩɩǸˣֳǰʱûˣһ˴ŸŮϴա
ȻףϾɩ֮Ҫӣܡ
˵һͲ˵ˣζ붮
ȻȻ¶ĸĲףСȥš
켪Цŵͷ
ڶİãһݵ뷨
ڹٸķޣ²˵ͲġǷˣ˹ѸǺСǲǾûɶϵˣ
иܵܽзţҲǸŵСӣʮԺѶޡ
ţ켪ŹɩֶŮһͶȽϣҲܹ˵ͨ
ɩȢޣԵ塣ǸŮ˺ܺú壬õͻԹŸѾͷӣʲô
Ǹӡ
켪˰
ԼĴʮֲϲСһǮòծǹһεĿӡЩ֪Լ죬ԺҲТ˳Ҳûʲôá
СңʹҪСҲˡ
ζЦźͷ켪֣뿪֦ͬ
ɼԶ˹ţԼߵ켪ĸǰһֻ֡
켪ҲʶȤʵʵѴǮƱ˶ԷֻԼٲ֡
ɣЩ㹻˰ɣ
û֮ǰǸĪģڨЦֺõ
ҸԼһ㣬ⲻҲΪԺ󲻴ҿȽүˣҲĴ󷽡վȽţԺǮͲ£㻹γ׬Ǯ
⻰˼ףǾǳŵҪҵĶķˣǮ
켪Ҷķ˲Ǯʵڽ䲻˶񫣬Ϊ˱סʦ裬Լס֪˵ͣԺ㶨ȥҵĶķǮ
ɺͷ켪һȽүǮ
ɾ㣬˵ͷˡ
ոոǹܼ˵ҪѾͷߣǸСӲҪˣ
ʵ
켪ͷ
ҪˣϾȥӣ֮ǰϹӲǸ˵С˸ҿɲҵ·ûˡ
켪ӿûаϰѾŮϲԩֻ֣ҪûԼСӾͲҷʲôùԹָӡ
Ҫǣ֪öƬԴ켪ɵȻóȽүӣԼʲôѧʦˡ
ëѧǸɶⶼ֪
ȻɻأʲôʱɵүҪɹ취ܹӦȥ
˴ɣ֪ƷļصģѸȥѧͽѧԺóԷ
ǰì̬ܵԲ죬ϸһܿ˷켪·
˾ãѸѧͽԼӣСԺѧգҲùԹԲѣĸ¶ڡ
һڣǸ
ʳأԼĶӶƣûˡ
ǵϣûصҵʱһѵϢ
Ҫˣһһ׵常Ҫȥ
Ӻʱ˿ڣжԲߣǩһݳڹӶԼ涨ϿΥԼͷ͸߶Ӷɴ꣬ձ鳬Ӻ˾࣬ޱ
󲻼ǺֻǵáûСǮ˼һ᲻۸ǸӺͿģָϣʱÿҪô죿
ŸԼܱܲȽңǵҲãԲԼ˵ȥģ
Ȼͱ׵һ١
켪룬Լʮ껹ȫң
㲻ǰŪЩСô
켪żƬȻƬ
ȥĥأѧòҪΪǺãͺúøʦɻѧᣬȻѧ׵ļڸңҾͱӳԺȲ
ѧּڣ˵Щеûķϻ
һãȻ
ѧΪʲôҪѧڣҪԹ
ȴʶ׵ǶƬС͸ķֻҪһӾܷСƽյĵһ
Ѿ׻ˡ
򴽣ȻǰǸү
Ǹүĺ棬кܶ˺ӣһǸǮǮˣʶС硣
ŷѧڣԷǵ˵ļڣ˵ѧ켦ԺҪŸֻҪþкӹǲӦñȥСѧôأ
Ȼͽǲܰѧ⴫ģץͻᱻʦΪҲ˲ˡϹ˵һ˸ĸɨǣǰƴСɻɻծ
þͲٶ˰ɡ
ǰɡ


64 緢˻
Ҫǩҵѧͽ
Ԩüһ˼
ҹģӻ㱨ȽD֦ͬ˸ųأøԨʮֺ档
֪ȽDʲôۣ˳ĥĥܸܲҡ
޹棬ȽDķʮšȺǣΪܳڶ
˵꣬ͨ˵иСҪүѧͽ
Ҫʲôѧͽǲүô
ԨЦˣ˻֣ʾǰ˴ߡ
ּһ䡣
үշǼС塭ȽDǰȥݷõǼңǺӾء
ȽD
һ֣ԨľȤ
ȽDĹ֦ͬ˵֣´˵ȥ˺ͬǻշ˼ҡ
ȽDǸʲôУԨ֪һǾǸ۾޲ܳϵɵ
ƨ㱾¶ûУƫƫԼﻹû˭Ʋۣ;ԼȫӺвŻˡ
ˣ֦ͬǿ̫߳ˡ
Ԩ⻧˼ңҵǸĶĹƽʱŮ˴źӳȥڹȥ޵ծǸŲ۵һŻ㲻һŴ۵ͣĸԸعҵͶŮ
ʲôʲôǡ
Ԩ˶ۣ벻ȽDΪʲôˡ
ֶ˵⣬ʲôֵ߹°Ƚ𽵹󣬻ڳʮĵ̬롣
벻ͨʱͨС¡ԨԭֱӴߣ˵Ƿָı⣬Ӱ˴˽
һЦˡ
ԭ㰡
⺢ʶǰߵС
շ룿ʲô֣
ҽи󡣡
Сɵص
˵뵱ѧͽ
ԨʳķŲŲ
ΪʲôңҲҪС޵ѧͽ
˵Се㼱ˣ˵ԼСˣѾԶȥҶ׬Ǯ
Ȼ׬ǮǺαػҪѧͽأ
Ԩ˶Ū˼Ц˵
ѧͽܿģҪʦɺܶĻʦǮûҶ׬Ķࡣ
˵ͣӦȥѧòǰɡƷѵѧã㲻ʶ֣û˻Ըġ
Ҳѧá
Сͷɥش֡
˵ҪȥطھҲȥѧöġ
ҪǩøҾͲô
ʣСæҡͷ
ôǩͿԲɻأҪɻúõĸɻӻأ
Ͱ͵ؽһԼ뷨ҶҪطѧͽϣСɻһٳԷŬѧգȡСķ
СʼնһգſڱݿѧԺʦ׬Ǯء
һȽţԨЦݾûˡ
ղŻĥȽDҷΪʲôڷĶӺȻ˵Ҫŵѧͽ²롣
ϸϸСһٻҲϾֻǸСͯΪСĹϵʼնԸԨкøУѽշԭԭ˵һ顣
ʵ֪Ĺ̲ΪԼǰ̣ͺ˵ö߷ּ١Ԩʲôˣƾ˿жϳǴ󹫺Ϳɣ˵ˣĥһƮƮ
˵ѧȻһٽ̸װǸʦ
ԨһӾص㡣
ΪǸүΪǽз켪Ļʦ
Сͷ
ûԼҪѧյ뷨
ܶʦյʱϽͽ⴫ЩĸǻֱӴ˴С粻ᡣ
ֻѧͰһոߵ˵ġ

Ԩ°ͣпʼԭⳡ־硣
ȽD֪Ķ˵֦ͬסһλз켪Ļشʦ룬ĶĹ
ǸƭӣʹݣԼһոµݡϾĻʦΪ˱Լ¶ڣ׼ѶӸȥطԺΪϢ
µĹؼڵ㣬ȽDô϶˷Ƿ켪ģҲûˣûκƾ֤˵Լˣ
ܡ
Ԩҡͷ
ȽDȻִֶҲɵĳס෴óһЩСơ
ôһѧΨһĽȽ͸öСģͣȽDǿǸ
˵Ǹүǿˣ
ǸԨı̫࣬е㺦£صͷȻֺܿҡͷ
Ԩü
ͷҡͷʲô˼
ǡ
ͷ
ҵȻˣȽүʱֻһƬԵȥѧ
Ŷˡ
Ԩ˵ͷ
ȽDûõķҲ֪ǰŵƷֻƾƷ϶Լҵһλشʦ

ԨЦȽDƤǳΪǳġ
˵ɵĹȥŵ޷еͼֽģͣǰźʹض׷ˡ
˵ߣʵ޲ܰѱ˵ĶߣȽҰǵĿ
ҵǿԸǩ
Ԩ°ͣǰС˵
ҲǻʦҲܱ֤ܲܳΪʦѧͽ˵λС磬ÿ춼кܶҪæδʱ㡣
ߣҿȥѧáΪʦҪѧϰܶĿֻܸлᣬҪԼŬ𣿡
󣺣
Ѿסˣð춼˷Ӧ
ƽһ˵Ҫȥ飬֦ͬϣÿÿСͯ˷ܻɥȥѧãжޱȵĽ
Ҳ֪ǲȥѧõģȥѧþҪ춼飬ܸɻҲȥҶ׬Ǯ
˵Ҫ飬аܸɻˣܹ
ҡ
Сŵֱ͡
ҡǩһúѧúѧҽɻһү׬ܶǮ
˵ҪڵϿͷԨһסȻǸˣүԾûôѪɥĲ񵽹ӶһûС
ѧúúŬùôѧ˱²ܰǽӳܲ۸
ѵĳ˵
˻һվҪԼ
ȥԸ˵ǸᡣֻҪץסܾܿʹ˳׸ı䡣
øԨԼ׵ƺʱҲǰ㶼û飬ҪȽ̷ĸԼסҲн졣
ҪЮҪ磬Ҳ͸ͼ鱨Ʋ̽ȽDĶ
ȽDаţԨӦصעһ¡ɵ¿ȫ·ʵǴ׬׬һεĻ˵ãȫʧ־Щˡ
ôһ˲䣬Ԩļֵǵ͸ģſ϶ûôġȽDȴڿѷΪʦǰ֮ǰ߼һ֮
˾ޱȣøԨţȽDصĻ㡣
š˵Լ֪Լ˶мֵĶ
¶һ㶼֡Ϊҵı˼·пգǸţӺδĵһشʦĶǾƷ
УûضͰźúˡ


65 
ʮ壬Ԩһ˴˵𳵿ȳǣǽﻻ˿ʹһ·ȥݡ
ȻѾǰȸ۵ͷϻǾۼ˴ĳ˿͡Ǵ׳꣬ǵжȺǴ
úϡ棬͵͵ʸԨǸԼү޵ˣһڨ·ǳᳵ·ܿеһλ˻
Ȼȥȥ
Ŀеأ뾩еĹٻͬȴǸˬʵĺӡ
˵¿Ĺй׼ȥ˼ҵĶܵıĴСصظͨϢ
¿Ĺ
롣
Ǳ֣
ȻϾԼҡͷ񶨡
ܣй͹ʱ䣬ҪӦʲô
˵ϵ
һظ
찡Һͷаģ֤ܸ͵ʵʵ
ʵļ˶ļ⣬һĽϿɡپҵַ֪һͷĵãȻָŲԶһȺеСӣѹ²۵
Ҳ֪˭ϢвѾͷҲˡҿˣʵǺͷѷ治ʺŮ˸ɣⲻ˼
Ӻ꣬ȻγһȺܼӣЩˣ˻ȥҲôס
ӺŮҲԶ飬ҲԹ׬ǮѾΪٹ̵ĹʶʵҲܸˡ
ЦһȥǶһֽĵӾЩ˴ӺİװסʲôŮʲôġһȺյһ׬Ǯæܳʲô˷׵£
Ҳ˵û˼ˣʱȷһɡٳ硣м谧۵گָҵĴͳŮ꾲˳ֻŮŮ䣬ѧ
īڴѧԺŮ䵱˻ȥһǰͼ췴Ĵñӡ˭֪ӺǿҲŵ¡ҪָϵǷһǺǵ͵ȵıӣûʸ񵱻ʵۡ
İҲˡ꣬Ӻϱϰ˳Ϲ׬ǮԷ˻ص鲻ʶרź̨˵ǲɣǵķҲɡ
˵йˬʴֻǾϢ󣬰ûлСǵͼ
ʣǲǶѷֳСǲʺϡ
ӦҲͨĶѷʡ
Լү֦ͬȥЩʯ壬еµүڴʲôˡ
⹤õĺܣܽԺǴӺĵؾͲûũʿˣҲܶʳ
٣Ǹ
һ˵
ϼǵطǱǿЩׯڻÿүɫһ굽ͷջʳһӵĽãöֻܳ
˵ţһЦ
˵ֵض÷ϣҪҲʣҾͻؼֵȥ
еģ
ȻүЩʯɲͰ׿ô
һֱǴʱ򣬸ŴŵʽЩǲҲҪȥͽ
⺢ӵ˼·Ӧýһ£еĹֻǩͽⶼǰ佳ΪӦ˰ùأͲʱӦ÷
үĹǷҵҪʦְֽһƷֻҪձ׼ԼĲ־ͿͳһװҲûҪóܡ
֮㻹Ǻúȥѧ飬ѧүĹȥ
ⷬεؼץöѾȻķ·ץסеΨһһϣ
ϽҵɣҪߵ뷨Ҳûֱ˵ү޿Ҫѧ飬Ҳи·ϣܰԲЩŵһݸ߶Ӷ
ɳĬһûϴӦҪ˵仰Ҳ֪˵˵ʲôٻͬ˽Ҫ󣬵ܾӶ
ҿķҲӡ
ɶ˸죬ͷ
·Լѡģ˽ҲԹˡзôԼȥҲá
Ϊ;С˼ҵĿຢӴӿ̬ʲô档
һ˵㱻µĽʦˣ㵽˶֦ͬӸţ´
˶͸ĸ֣ҪǳϢҲˣ֪ǷĶӡĵ֪ҪͰӽߣһѾͷôԵҲܿࡣ
˵ͷҲصˣҲ֪ô켪˵ģڶһ磬Ƚҵĳϲķ켪һңΨһƲ񷿣͹ĸ
켪Ͷȥȫûɣʱ򻹴һдõԨ˺ˣСԺĸ֡
룬Լ
֦ͬĵطǷļ˵תöССķСС뿪֦ͬµ
ȴݣˣ
Ԩ뿪⼸£ҲȻű仯ǿõĶξһְˣȻǳƽոܽ͹걳սɹξ
ƽκҲûţ̿ʼ£±ÿͻ˳ιİ׮
ιҵȻŭɶȻְڼңμҽһųɻھУһǸģֻԼѳֶҪűһһ
֪ƽζξʱιҾϵôһ죬ֻûеһľȻôĿ졣ؼкЩûʰɾô꣬ôһ˵ڶ׬ǿзŮλҲΪȷԼİȫ
ôµ죿ȺϼһﲻǲǮµ𣡣
ιԺвͣתȦͷŭҪͷһ̶ܰ
μҵĻŶҳ
ǲ֪ǲǲǮɻ֮ǰôãųɵٳ²ƽεǿ˵ƽҲͨˡ
μҵĹϵҪȵ۵ľɳ£λ֮ҲѺϡû뵽ûһС޲˵˸¥¼УһȫˮƯ
ڳеĿ̫ǼڱĹϵҲʧƣүӾͲٶԶųɱл룬ʱ֣Լɨβ
˭ָȰιأ
λѳֶʮˣΨҶ⼸ѿ˹ѪǸȥ˵ģ
ȰҪſżïͷ
ȰڵĿˡ
ȰԮ塢սߣû
̰ðų켺̰īãָӲηսս
һ׮׮һջۣƽǱѾ˺һˣֻгһշҪμҡ
ڣһ죬Ҫˡ


66 μı
ιҵĽ겻ԭģְ͢˸ֲλʱĺھ軹ûüƽˣȥ϶Ҫ¶ŵġ
ųأϲǸţ취Щôôûţ
ιһŭ޴йתͷվһԵŮ
ˣһС¶ɲãôǽ
μСһҿԣ̫֪ԼҵƢˡʱ˭ҪǸ˵Ǿǲ˻ҩͰٱӶġ
һʹɫˣʾȥԼ๫Ǳߵ
ųɵȷǸٵĲϣɳ˲ԵУԸܸ׵漰ԼųɲҲġ
ôûϢ²ǳʲô⣿
үС㣡
μҵ˴漱Ҵҵܽؽе
ïͷǸմ޵ġ˰ѹүפظΧˣ

⻰Ůɫ
ʲôʲô
ŮٳûϢѾĽյΧجģմ޵ľǳƽµһǣĺֺݲͨҧסĻи³
Ƕأ
ιżʵ
ųɰѶûУҲյĲ˰ɣ
û˲ǸϵΡλǰߣ뺣ܡ̽ݵĴʮ˭Ҳ˵һ̵ҪĶʣҪŶٸǮûιôС
ҪˣֻҪϸ飬ܷŪè塣Կ̰īԼʣһһ˵˽뺣ǲҪĶֱӰϷ
ڣǱѾˡ
ιҰؿڣĴ㡣
£϶ҪȱԼμһֳģ˭Ҳܳ£ֻҪμҵ˾ָ
ԣֻŮ
յϢ˸ųɴҪյںָ˱ʵҲڸųۣ֤ݵļ
Щ˱ˣȻҲܱ⣬ȴģιһֱͷںָųҪ㣬ЩյôƽͳץסǵĴѱֻܰʧЩСͽ䡣
Ƕųɼ磬ǾðζƵϡιԺ󣬺һֱɶųƹܣе˭е
ʰһ£취ȥǶ̣֬ƱǼƹ񡣡
ιҰһöţƤֽݸŮ
סСЩմ޵Ŀ϶˶ǼңҲţһŮܲø̫һƱͳȥïͷĹŶųɣʱҪˣǹһ취㵽ģʱϢ
˵ͷ֪׵˼ҲԤɷĽ֣ް취
ϲųɣųò棬СǵĿ⡣òƽƽ֮ܳΪŷˣȫΪǿξŮôˣĻҲˡ
ųɣɶҲǿξĶŮڣٻܱסڶݡ
Բˣ
ƱҴҵسţιһС
ʱ侲ˣַĥ˼أ΢΢˿
ƽһ´ֲǶϽǿ϶ģٻסһԪ
ԴԺǼҪԽСģóƽץסѱֻߣ϶ǲܷŵġȱľ˳ȥܻôʵǮĻĻҲߵġ
Ȼ繺ĻëܱȴӺҪðɣ˵֪ѵƵƵȥصҪ⡣
ָ
žѥĳż䶨ۿ̱ڵϵĶųɡ
ôûꣿ
ųƫͷش
ûճķ⣬ͷڶǰͦľ壬˶û˾
ѾԤϵԼˣ˴ָع˲֪ԼǱˡΪֺôãͲ֪عﻹив㣡
ôˣգôյøɾһ֣˲ĺڹͷϣҲ˵ˣ
ǲգҲͬӲˡ
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ͷһĶųɣ
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Ŀ档ⲻ㲻֪ԭĻõĶӵƷǻǹͲըšѻĵ边Ȼкüֳߴ磬ʽ兩òˣ
Щ棡
ֱˡ
ԭΪïͷǳֵĻͲڿľ֪ԭѪɲʲôϵϵһͬʣ
ô꣬Щ˾ŲõĻ梁ʱʱĻ׺ͺսģסֱǸ漣ʵʵƴģ
һԵķʤҲŶģȻ곤ھеʱҲ˲٣˵ǰξֶΡ
̲ס͵͵һŶųɡ
˵СǰûͷѶԼҵĳʹүۣⱨӦˣ
ںָĲһ磬ųɵĸϤץĻ͵豻ߣһʱֵĻ̡̻
˵εĶ¿ξ˺֣Ҫ϶ͷˡ
˿϶Ҫģ˭¹βոѻ¿ξҪ£ȨҲûɶϡġ
ǮϿŰ۹ϣһ߳һȽ߶
Ҫ˵εҲڣôڶѾ˲ˣû뵽Ȼҹ
ǲ֪Ҹݵʱε͸˵Ҫ뺣Ļҵʱ˹ˣ⺣ŶǶ񣬵ʲôǺõĻⲻǸô
ƥô˵ģ˵ʶÿɿˣܸ㵽Ƶİͻڡԣ֮ǰСɻ֣˵ǺıϣǴ󹫹ԭģֺã
ҵʱû磬ˡûǸŮӣæŸƨɻ˲Ͱ¸ȥˡ

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ҼǵжʱᵽιҪһݱֵǹ
ǰǴո걳첻ãιСӺȻң˵ҪΪһ
ҵʱ֣˵ܸ㵽ĺƷôôȻ˵ҪݱֵĻˣʱïͷĵû꣬㲻˵ûԭϣҾͰȥˡ
ǮϿ˵꣬ͿȽЦеضԼе㲻ԡ
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ϲûεضİ͸¯ٹȽɵСԺһȦ˶о̤ʵġ
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һеĿʼȽɣǮϿ׼Ƚĸǣ˵Ļĥ
˵ɶëô
ǮϿץץͷϸһԼǰԺط˻㡣
ӵģԭǴĹô


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ι֮ǰҪ뺣ķƷ˵ҵʵ磬ǹǹһ޶
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ιҵƷġĲ˵ЩڶϵĿգѾ㹻Ǯضĵθˡ
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Ҳ㣬طеԨԴϪϼңҼԭǺϪһģڻвϼסš
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ԼҸڹķʣԭ϶ɻҲףԼ˲ƭԼˣȻокΡ
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ԥԥص˵ͷ
Ӧãšɡ
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á
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S찡ǮǰǸźSׯڵģϿһסһʱ䣬Ϊҳʺμֵĺϲˣ
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˵⻰ʱ̧ͷһĨ˼
ţãڵȽDЩ֣


70 ֵȽD
⣬ȽŵϾ¶Źֵı顣
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ͱľȻһֱܲɹ˺ͲƾͱֱֲǹУ˹ؼá
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ʮֿ϶Լ綼û취֧ҵ
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СͳѾ֤ȫȷģЩҪȽD϶һСʮĶ档ȽŶȽD˽⣬ǲܷκһ棬˵˫յĻᣬȽDζҪ
ΨһĽۣȽD֪δҲδȷ
ֻܸԼĶжжͬʱδҲΪжģ
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һأԪʱ˾ȿѵĻԭǱͼ

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շĶĹͦ±ȽDʶԼ㲻ѧҪѶȥŸ׺ӣڸԼϢҿ飬ԼƴһұŸһᡣ
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 翴˵۹⻹ɣСһ͸Լ˸֣

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Ԫ˵ĮʵǸʮʮˡ
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ԪǾǸ֮ģҲɰҵ䣬ȱõİ֡˵ҺǺҲԵҪΪҲδػᱻ׵ȥ
Ԩ˵֮Աǡ
˰ɡ
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Ƚէ࣬ȽDȻһ
ȽD֪ҲǸˣһԼڸ߸ϵλϣ۵Ĳ࣬඼ϡ˭ںϻʹʹأֻҪġʦмֵΪ£Ѿ㹻ˡ
ȽȽDľ㣬ܰԼɸȽȻǶ׸ɷӺʵҲرͷ˵ȨͲƸǸȦӣȽҿǼȥġ
ѱ˵ϣⲻ֪ڸȨ˵УҲһֻϡ
һȽſú𿴷ּںѿޣûдغŵ档ּԼܴƸƾȽDͶһԴᱻ˶ϣܵѹ
ϾѻӭȽΪͷ˰ϣȽǨܸش档ضȽҴģǺѿԹűеġǰ˲ֵ֪ȽD©©˼ҿ϶ˣĿССţѱԺ󲻻Ӳ硣
޳ΨӲлԼˣȽϵԡ
ԨȻҲͱ뵽һ΢΢һЦİŵļ
İɣһ㶢ţǾƺðɡ


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½һֻǹԶǹ100ѣǸȴķǳԣĳʮ㡣
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ﲻС£ȻСͳȷԽȽŻǾòġڸֲоֻ˵ձƣҪǷó⣬һһճɾͳ׻ˡ
ȻһȽû˵ǾȽD쳣Ӱ쵽ʵصɡ
ȽDԤǸδǲҲСͳõ˶Էİæڻ᲻ڴĵ·ϣ
ĻɣԽؽСģũƾͶͬһ˵顣
ȻĶũԱҲȲԼʦֱʡʦһӣֱٻīڴѧԺũƵĽ壬ͷһͶԸԨαʯ循Ϊˡ
⡭⡭ǺSױ𣿣


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ڲһµʱصἰͨҵϳɵķֻ֣ϧҴӺʯȱú޵ȡ
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ȾƣȾơһǾûȺãȻô˵أ

ӽܴЦһ
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ŮͷԺرжңʲôöͣ˵ӦҲΪϺҲǲ֪صˣҪҪһӣԼëʮְϧŮԺԽԼԼңƲܸŮŮϺȡ
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˵ţǮҵһС˹ָŲԶĵȳ˵
ˡүһﵾӳƳˣ򡭡ʯ롭߸ߵʯ룡



74 ճɣ
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˶һۣڶԷп˾㵡
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Ƶģǿ϶ûˣ
ǮϿ˲ġǴһˣԴ˺¶ϤúܣСǸصޣ˸һһĿף׼û
ү
˶̴λ𶼵㲻ţŷԭõˡ
εؿ򶨡
Ǻãͦãﶼճɣϻǲ
ֹǲֱɸ¶
˵һֲ˼Сǰ¶ֻǿų˻֡
ȥɣȥƣϢٻҽ

С˷ܵصͷһˡ
Ȼǻû׷ʲôֻǾý֣ʮ˶գһ
ۼûˣ˺ݺݳһ̣ȻһĴȡ
ˣˣ
Ҳʯ룬ͩǱõһ࣬ʾ콵ذ
Ҳ֪뵽ʲôץӡ
С塭尡Ǵˣؼʱ̵÷հ

ǮϿûףһãȻؿˡ
˺ɸ֡
ɶ˵֬¶ϪʣⲻǺϪԼķǿ϶ҪȿԼã׼ôĵضʣȥȽҲܣǴľܹ£

ǮϿˬͱˣھɾԻ绹Ҫ̹Ͳû̧ͦͷ߸һ
Ϊһ֮ףǰҲöŵ㣬˾ƤǳûǸ
ֵÿҪ裬ǮػǺǫػһ䡣
ĪĵġҲһĶʯ룬ﻹôػûأȶ½Ҳ١
ɶ٣
˰ⷲûףż
ﶼʯ룬ʲô˵ģҿʯ׵ģ
˵⻰ʱ̾˿ѵø˾ʵڻ
˵ʯʱҲûİʯҾܰѷʳٲҲܸѾͷСӶ·ϣ۶ܶһʯͺ˲ˡ
ʦ˴ۿһһ׳ʵ˴뱲ӵأͷһμôź磬ʱҾ͸˵Ǵһճɿ϶ˣСؿ϶Ǯ
Ȼʯ룬һһճɡҪܸһ㣬ֲֹӶܸϣǴҾҲõĳԲˣ
˵˶٣ļ
СӣСгϢأϰտиˡ
˵ǮϿۿһȣû
û뵽ܵõۣȻ˵׶ˣǲ˵صĻǲ
ǮأĵûʲôͼԼҸĻͥ
˵ʵڻڵĶаҵ㣬кܻ񣬳ʵʩ˰ƣصԶû֮ǰùǮϿҲҧӲš˶˵ĹԽÿԸȽɵ·ߣ϶߳һá
߰ɣȥ￴ɡ
˿˿̴е㰴಻ס顣
ʱµˣȻȥͩǱ߿С֤ˣ˵õģɲˡ
ǮϿ
ߵеĴȳѾΧһһˣһ·ڼμĳʢʽ
ʯˣ
Ⱥһ󻶺
ˣȶһ
Ⱥ֣д˶
īڴѧԺѧҲũеŮԱαѧԺϪһ壬Ǹʦֳѧϰʵ÷¼ݡ
һصһʩ׷Ժ͸ԶھǵĴѧԺдţɸũԱϪʵϰ
ũƺͻᵽݣݳɹϳ˻ʵϢֶߣѧԺĻŷ˲Ϫ
ũԭڹҪѾʣʹЧԤڵ㡣ᵽ֡Sָ£˵ʵʵȷ÷ũƵĽϰﻹסҪǻҪѧԺ㳲
⣬Ϊ˭ȥ˭ȥܴ˭ȥܴ˭ȥ˴գӳ˹ӣũƵĽЮְѹˣ˵һλȥũˡ
񳤴ӶһƶũԱǰһʵϰĻ˵ѧũľҪͷ۾飬ȥ֡ҲǸѵõ顣
͹ˡ
ϵʱոպãջʱڡȻĿûʩọ̃ȴۼ֤յЧׯд´Ӻʷĵһۺϱ档
ǸصĹɵ¼ݵʱֶڶһһĶⶨĳȣֻΪûһܴôʳ
⡭ǻʵ𣡣
˵䣬ֽмزⶨĶֵѾʯ
ԽԽңΪһµĶѾȫⶨϣĶ϶ǰҪߡ
㡭Ǵɵīлҿׯӵĺ֡
˭һҲæ
ңңҲ
֪һոʮ˴׶Ϲ֡ĿǽӲӵĵ룬ŲˢµĶ˵˼Ҳ֪һﵽ˶ʳһʼֻǼӵļ룬ԽԽ࣬Ա߼ոũһֵ䣬˳˸ɾ
˵İæһһַ˼ٶƽţÿһεĶͨһǿ룬̼ԽŬĸɻ
ʯʯ˶ʯ˶
Ķ̰ģԭʯھȻΪʯճɶ˵ԽԽߣʱʱ䣬ֻһͻưʯĶû֡
ˡˣʯ˶ˣһ϶ưʯ
һõĿ飿Ѿ鶷ʯˣƵõǿưˡ
㣬һ嶼ˣҪǻͩ⣬϶ưˣ
⻰һͩ˵ġᣬҲǹ񫣬浽ɻʱͩ˿ɲӰ㲻ۿۡ
϶˲󣬴˾ʹźţ
ߣҲһȺˣīڴѧԺĴʦ¶ǲˣ
˵ţȻȺ˼ɤӺһ
ߺĶʯǰʯ
ȳ˲䰲Ȼһ̣˱ÿ˶ڻȸԾмʹޣ˶ݵĻҡ
ưˣưˣǵĶˣķˣ
ͬһأһջ֮ǰһʳҲõĳԲˣ
ȽҲܼҪû뵽ϵЧãȻ汼ǮϿﴵµţƤȥˡ
һǮػµľͲǴʵʵİװ棬˼ֱ
ǰһжǸ
ſǸǮ˱һԲӡ
ǮأӦþǸ͸˰ɣ
ţûġ


75 
һͩԼսĽһʤա
ͩҲԼˣϾһǴճҲһʦѧ˲ļɣֵûƱ
ںһĶӣһ˿ûԸ˼
ͣҪͣҪúõͣ˼ҿͩأ˳ŸʦȽϵʵһ壬ҪֻһҲ˵ͩǱһĺãҪ˵ⶨĶǻͩϵʣ
ٺ١ҲҪ⻯
뷨ͩЦ⣬̧ͦͷ֪ΪӮ˱
ǮϿ֪˼ġϺǰѾҪȥ̽һȽɵĿڷ磬ûиʵ˼
ǮϿȻ˶أ˺ǰĸҰڹֻܹԹȥȽŵͲ
ʵ
Ƚӡ
û˵ʦ˵ҪչһЩʵﵹҲǲУֻûͩ⣬Ǿ͵ѰҶˡ
ʦѧġũоҪͨȽ϶ȷЧǻؿƾûôིûͿˡ
ͩﶼϣпͩĵط𣿡
ɰǮϿסˡ
ز࣬Ϊź٣ͩڶĸһģҺĵطеѡ
˶Ǿˡ
ǮϿȻ۾һ
ˣôˣ֮ǰιҵŮųɣǼΪ˱Щɶϵڶ乫ˡȻǶУ˵㣡
˵˶٣ٺڨЦ
Ҳʵ̫һָùĲһأҲ֪˻࡭
Ȼ˵Ǯػ˵㻰ܿͰİˡ
μﲻ٣ιҰѳֶʮ꣬ԼҳԵʣĺõضռ˸顣
Ҳôһ㰲ּθһžͱ˶ˣһ·ȥ̣֬Ʊʱץ˸š
ֻϧιҼĺܣֻŮ̵֬ϰ崫ţֽĶ¡
ϰ屻ץԺ󣬺ܿ˿ڹԼżΪͨЩϢӶ𡣲ЩصҵѶϢӲ漰ȨԼǸȵġ
ϣȷμҪμڶó⣬һֱѰһԴ
ǼҳıǮ࣬ιһʴģҸǣߡǣʲôߣⲻҵǮôޣԼǿξأ
ƹͦί
ϧⷬݣһֶš
ɨһùĿڹЦһ
˵ӳٽɲʲôԴŪɵô
в鱨ӣֻҪǮʲôŪɲǸ򵥵
úòһ֬ƹ⡣

ڲƹǰιͨʱ䶨ų̰īʡվáηսսȴǲʮʮ۴
̰īǮֻ³С룬ʣµμҲ㡣ҲιҺȻķŮǶųһҧ̰īǮһ붼ңһóԼ¼İˣƵιҲܲǮ
ȻʼҪŮТԼ֪ǮԴųһ·ǿιΣμҲ˲Ǯ׳˶ԸرҲ˭뵽Ȼ˾ʣ
ιⷬ˵ϣֻϧûšΪ˷飬ڶųɵѶϢϸܵģι񻹲֪ŮôҵˣԼιŮƹܺıз˽ǰ֤ݡ
һۣųǳ׿μҵʲôʲôˣȫǼٵģͷ֮ʱμֻеƵŮϣ·
͵øԼŪ·Լ֪Ķ˵ȡһܵĻᡣڶųɵ£μҽһһֵ顣ͷţμĻ̻̣ιҲЩס˵ݻǮϿ˵ԼԸϽ
ιҵ뷨ǣԿǮϿԿξƽţҲܲӣǼҵԾ۴ҲɽֻҪǮعʡ
Ǯء
Ǯز޷Ӧ
صȻˣ乫μҵİӻڶǮӼԹۡ
ŲɵΪ˸ιȥƽϣμȫҶ䣡ƽҪιû³ɶֲԼ
⼸ĶϵͳµĶ飬һ֮Կһͩս˵꿪иũϵͩһ嶼ѾΪЩԱ׼ʱ޷Ħȭƣ׼һѧսһϸ¡
ʵʱֻкϪͩ⸽Ĵ֪Ƚ׼ʦĽ۱Ժʽȫȫƹ㡣ĿǰҲǼ׵£ҪʳĲûô󣬳һ炙Ҫҩ죬ܻʮֽš
Ҫµ찱ĽԺŻ⣬ҪѵҪֻкϪͩ⼰ܱߵ㹩Ӧûʲôġ
˵淋ĶȱҪΪԨ֧
Ԩ֮ǰǧҪúоܾȽDйŹ֣ôظ߲ûԭ
ȽҲȽD⣬ԶȰԪ֪ȽDǸδöʲô仯

žöС룬Ȼҵһܵķ
ǰרлѧֻΪֶֶŮĻģǹֽݱ֣ŵ˼·˲ʹĴš
ⶫװϻҩǲǾͿԱɷĻˣ
ԽԽÿףȽҲɣϿʼָ졣
Ȼڷϼװҩ򵥣еƽҪܵƣһ̬ĸı䶼Ӱ쵽켣㣬ҲΪʲô֮ǰ߳ǻڵԭ
鷳ǣҪһͯ߸ɿʵսĻ⻹ҪǻʹõķΧСȽǹӽӴκĻΪ˱գģȥ
ǳæ֮ǰһֱסھӪһرôһҲǺܾöûͷˡ
£
һ߽װۣһʰܵ
˱ͦխװҲ˺ÿ
Űѷģͷϣ署˽Լ뷨
ǿС
ͷ
ҪԱս;ҪٵصͶᵺսĻҪװ϶Ļҩֲս޷ЯڳĶ̰壬ڴֺɽսǼġ
⣬սҪǳɱ
˵ʮ̹ϡ
ûôļҵףӾõĽǶĻı̨ʵݣǿ϶ѡûǰҲ˳Ϊ޷еȶԣһֱܳشĻҩĿǰֻڰϲׯ԰ʹãΪ1500ң˵Ҫڴ֧ܹܲвܷ䣬
һ˵ðĿɿڴһ澪Ի˽⣬һҲǾԼĻ֮·ء
ɰǸ֣ԽԽսԽ˷ܣ˵һӱԾΪĿ꣡
ȼƿڣǾû˼·ɣ


76 
Ƚ֮ôĵĥ÷Ϊڿܻ
ܽ͹걳ػشӺԺ󣬺̾⺣ĺһֱʱʱҪɳ̽Ϯš
֮ǰûй걳Ĳû취ںܽפؾֻʱʱĵǵ顣ڵؾܵСܸıʲôȴӬһˣƣӦԡ
ææסïͷž;ĿҪľˡ
ȻǲȥʴҪҪɺܣ׼ɨĸ»ܣжȻеġ
ⲻΪͶʲôǶֻжӲˣЩݵĳȶӪİղŲʧ
ҪʵݣҪɱñ֤ԡ
еͷ
µԴ׾ҪģҪģҪģؽʵܸ԰ȫС
עҪԾԵֱϴˣαؾʲôΪҪ˺ܾãķβҳ壬ɳʱҳ֮תʹļάһֶ̬תƽ⣬ȷй켣ȶ
Сһֵͻһ״̬תٱ̣Ҫǿҩ𱬡
һŲģݻҩѾܹȶȵĵñ΢һҩϰڷڴطеƽ⣬Ҫǲܱ֤һ㣬㲻ûɻڣɱһ٣˰١
ڷй켣ļóֻԮ뵽ĺīڴѧԺƵԱ꿼ǰéǸƹϵţйٶȣû⡣
ǰϸСдš治Ƚŵǣյźϸϰ١īڴѧԺѧϰһ꣬ѧԺΪǰһЩʵʲĹȽźѾѡԺԱּӽܡлŽݡϽʮλʦܿͱ׼
ȥãȺϼһﶼĥʲôôһؾء
֮ǰʦκʯ
ũƷɽϰԱǰϪƵĽ̳ҲԴȥݣκʯ;֣ⶫʲôħſϵ㳲ֲ˼ˡ
Сʹ̤𳵣ͷתʹԺȽŸȥͷľһɫƣŲ鸡ĵùС顣
𣺡
Ҷ֪δ
ǡȥôôࣿ
Ż˼ź˿ˮѵʵ
ǰʱûôˣشռװ϶ˣҲû

ΪСһͬᡣ
ϪĻʳʼйµ찱ĸĽҲеݱѰҵĻ˺ܶ࣬γһ˳ñϡ
ˣڣִ˼
˵Ĺ켣ô£ҪǸô
ֲ࣬ȫһ鲻ͷȽȰȥݳﰲ١
ţǷİ
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˵ϴٵϢģһ۶ϱڲԫ׼һӾͲˡȻЩ·ܿջǻٻĺۼеĵ̶ţƷĿ˵·Ҳʮ֣˵ϣ
⡭ĲǴ˵еĻĳǰϼʯ֣
һ·ûݸĳ˺񶼴˼Ѫ·ȱط˿ࡣ
ҸղƺŸϽǣݲǱضǷ֯԰ôʲôʱҲʼþˣ
ԽԽ࣬ൽʼԼ֪
ۼСɫԭԽŹ֣ȽűЦŸ͡
֮ǰصģڴЭͦˣڳָ

ֿ⣬ָָԶݱһӡ
ǰô
ȽŵЦ
򵥵һ仰ֻ˲֪ļݺµĹתϪĻʳʽãܶǨ˿ʼؼѰһᣬݾû֯԰Ҳһվһָķʽ
ЩʱܸС˵ǰת˻⡣
ܹظĻҩ
𰲶ٺãȽžȲС¶ʵ顣
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˵ȵۡʵ·Ѿĥ£ðſ϶Ҫģû뵽һҪô󣬻׼ɵĻˣ
ǡ˶
ʲôʱתȥˣ㲻һֱԻѧ𣿡
˵㻹֪ѾǹɣҲǻѧһֻ֣صķص̫ͣе㲻̫С
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ⲻǶкϮ˶ҵñƽ
˵𷴶ص˵ͷ
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ӹģͿ˿ҡͷ
ҾʱҪװҶ壬ȳҶģʽҲ㹻άϵƽ⡣̵Զ뷢ǶйأһܻҩӰ죬ģͲô׼ضٻҩ
Ƚ˵һ֡
ȣôࣿ
ࡣ
Ƚҡͷ
ҵÿʵԣǻڵĻҪǻ
ǵǡ
һ㣬Ҳֽͬ̿ʣϸһ»أһĽۡ
ֱҪ5.7ף2.72ҪǼӴ8.25ףͻ7.25Ϊ5㣬2̴ֻԼ500£ܰѷǶߵ47㣬СΪ1600ףһֲ2100ףԴﵽСڵ̡ټӴҲ̣ͺͻԲƥˡ
Ƚŵ˵ͷ
ͬĹǡ
͵ھ׼ȺɱԷ¹Ҫԭ
Ҳ̫󣬻оϵĿɱ̫߿ǲС
˵ˡ
ȽţȽţ
־סѵգ
ʲôʱǹɱĪǸٻ
ȽʧЦħץ¾ȳԼ
ֲѧԺĶҪϲʵòҪġ
úϢҴȥҵʵ䣬һֱĥĥȡʵ
ʵ䣿
һ
ǻʲôȻȥʵ䰡
˵ЩС顣
Լʵ仹˵˷˴ʱ䣬һ㶼ʵã
Ƚţ
аȡ


77 
ȽźϴˣǰѧԺûһ£ڱ˴˼ĺųֵĶ顣
չȳһܣ˽һ±˴˼˼·͵ߣȻһʱֺϷ硣˵ټ棬Ѿûһ۷׼ߣʼȫߴʵ
طȻſڻоذ
£ɶþ档
ҲǸո֪½һȽСʵĸڣв
ǶǲݱֵĹ⡣
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ȳһڣʲôûУҪӾͿˡ
Ŷ
ҲӹͰһڻⷹȻ۾һ
ζ԰ȾǵʳҲѶãطԻ
īڴѧԺڵأҲǴӺһƿͣһĵطһʱʳ糱һֱڣʳҲƽۡζʵīԱϲ
ʯ˵ΪīʳζѾǺܸߵˡ
˽±һԷʵߡȽѾǰ˰ҪĹ߶˽һҩƷĵҩ
㣬㣬ɽأ
﹤֪ɶܽСԷûб˵⣬ԴҶǳСġ
ںãԱ룬СԷֻʣȽݶˡ
ǿʼɡ
ĦȭƣԾԾԡ
һȽŵ˼·ЩطԽһŻĶ»ͼ
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Ǽͷİɣ϶ԲڵСȻ˷ܣ㲻ò͵ˣŷʱֱӵֻҪġ㹻㻹ǿԵս
Ƚû˵ԴñԺݱѾڵ״Ϊͷˣûкܴ𡣲ĺ仰ȻҪ˻Ժɱϵķ͵ˣȿԵʹҲϷ䣬Ǹ⡣
⣬ѧԱȥʵ֡˸Էֹĳߴ磬ȽתȥƵṹͷܣɺһƷ
İæȽŵĹʱ˲٣ظ˶áרΪظع滮Ķܣ6뷢תܻ峵ءΪԺ͵ս飬ܿɷϣ10뷢ǿ̶
ۡİ桪۵ѭѾԤȳܵĶ˶Ա˴˵Ͷȶܸߣ˳ĥʵ컷ڡն͵ķʱֻͰ汾ԱЯʽ֧ܷ䣬ӦᵺսҪ󡣲ȽҲԤ˿ռ䣬һܹʵɹһƻӻҩغɣ̽ؼĿԡ
һһƽƽ磬Ƚšһ̶ۣȻһƷ;һȥҷԡ
ܶĺܶʮСʱ;񶼵˼ޡ
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Ȼһᵽӽܣʶֱͦ˼
ʦҲ£
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78 
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80 
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ڳ쵽˻ң˲͵ĹȻЦŸȽŽ͡
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˵⻹һνïͷڲоʮʡҲ֪ǾصأԼ˻ǽĹ⣬ֻڻԹŵȣ㶼Ҵ
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֪ܺһֱڽµ䳡һһЩû뵽˾Ȼͳɹˡ
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ŴǸϲĺӣֻΪһ㰲ȫΪ˶
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Ǳ㶨˻Ǹ
оʮҡϴǹʱҲǼ֤ߣĿ˴ӺһǹĵǰѻİͻڻһĹףһֱֵ
˵Ҳʽһ϶û˯ţһֱĥȽɾʲô
ܴϵǹǳԶԶǹ
ţҲֽҲԶǹĻĺڴ
˴ҹԺ˯ţһµٻµıʼ
Ҫرǿ϶Ҫ䣬ϾճĲʱ仹һʱǽҶ˷ܣû˱Թһ䣬ֻžκñ鳡ֵ»Ǹʲôģ
ܱѡΪԱǿǺܹʵأïͷϽǸôƫƫǺϣⲻ˵Ǻб죬»ȱ˶ģģ
ʵϣˡ֮ѡк죬ֻΪǰСӣïͷĻڣѡ
һ鳡ضڷ䳡£θӣɽ̲ͿһЩİд趨Ķᵺ½սʮƥ䡣
֮ǰ޶ɸȥһ鳡صİԭ˾סĻɽҰ룬ԴΪ䳡ʱʱˡ롱ڸһ龯пԵڣҪصù۲ڣϽκ˵Ƚ롣
ȷһʧ󣬻СҲ鳡
ڱжӽʱͦأɵ˸ǰȴһ£ǰһһ
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82 
һŵġǸɶ
ı㿴ңҿ㣬˭ûҶ
֮ǰ쳤˵»ģЧԺҲװǰЩɫĳεǼûҲ֪ôӺ֡
ݱķ˵ǿƶСڣвͬ廹ǲ̫ࡣ
Ƚһ˵һ߸ʾһģ͡
ģǵȱȷ棬ûװػҩضķȫһרڽѧ
첻ïͷӵశڵСӣֻⲢʾΣ˾Ѿ˷ŵʼŲģ͡
Ϊȷһܹȫ˳ȽŸѼһЩݡΪ˶רҵڱֻܸݼٽʵٵóۣܺʹ÷дľ̽
Ϊ˷Ƚһ300ö㹻սˡ
ַ𵯡򣿡
е㲻ԼĶ䡣
ȽɣïͷճƶʵĻû˵ֿͺܹ裬Ȼ300ö
ԣҲûϵֻҪܿ÷
Ƚźصͷ
ʵŰĳɱҲͨĻڸߡ統Ҫʱ˵ʵԣһ㰢μУҲעڷз̡
Ƚŵƣ1öͷ125ֱڵͬǰҪЩܵȻᲢۣ˵ڻսУڵҪԶķܡ
ʵûзҲǿԷġ
Ƚָŷģβһۡ
аװλãֻûзܵĸǶȺͷ򶼲ÿƣʱһҪע⡣
ͷӦŵȽ˰˼ģ͹оȺľ˷ĲŴȥ̨ʵ١
ȵǾ̬Уڹٷṩǰ̨ɺĵһСʵս
һСӵĶӳǳʤںܽ͹걳սбӢ£ѾΪͼУ١ֻͳӣԵһСӵľȻ˸ǰŲ¶ףֶҡתȷ˷Ժ󣬺ŵĲϣѷͲײʺϵĳȡ
ʤٴλӶӡ
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ʮö׼ԶĮ̇
̨㣬мһΪ࣬Ƚܴﵽ׼ľ룬۾롣ʤ̧ͷԶгźţŵλӶӣһСӷ䡣

һСӵĶ뻮һͬ˻ĵ𡣻ȼյĶʱ䣬Ѿݵ˵˰ȫԺǶ˻õĶ֣ȷ䲻ڱը
ۡ
ʮ֧ʮǣŽɫƯβ棬ɿػ鳡ա
Ƚſõɴ۾
Ӧ˵첻רҵ֣˼ҷķĺÿһţƽеķɹͷԶֱ
˷öɵŤᣬĲҲ̶á
䡪
˳죬̳
̨ǰ˶޴ƿ壬ô̶̼ӣûһóӦ
Ƚš
ʵ֮ǰŷ䣬ڷЧû뵽ȻһģɵӾЧȴرʮöԶĮ̇ǿբ㳲һӵϰɵʣ¡
ˣˣûڣ
˶ͷģΨһ˫۾þˡ
1678ƫ50ң
Ƚŵ˵ͷ
ȻӭƫβǲܸƷƫ⡭
ֹĶûöⲻҪΪľѾعΧɵĻϡС
ӭƫɶëǸ若ȥ費ƫģֻҪԤͿԽ
ҪǣСڣķ㰡һ˾ܱöͻڲ̫࣬ܳܵ÷㣿
ľֵԼСӣҲһСڣ
ʾȵȵȣ˰˼ŵĻһСӵľһΡ
һСֻˣһĽʺ޵ĿУ̧ͦͷ˷̨
˵һεľ飬һǵĲ֣һʦͨŷҪ죬Լȵ趨
䣡
һľ졣
ε֮ǰ̳ڱԶգֻõһƬƬɽȼա
Ǵ֮ѤöĿֲ̿ҡʮöܹʮö𵯣ѰֱӱһСƬɽڶը÷ʯɽ̳졣
ҪǻˣǷҽеĻᶼûˡ
ҪǿըЧҲڵͷлƬ
Ƚƽ˵
һ˸Ƭ˵ʯ߾ǻɽըʯͷЧɱ˵ˣɳıĶá
ʵϣһЩ߰װŨᡢҩ֮ģȽŸˡ
ƬƬ㹻ˡըĳⲿĸǣǱһƬټɳƬЧɱ˵˵Ч
ʵϲǹڲ̵ɱԻǿҵĸС
ڵѡ񡣴ӺѾܴӺõȽĻˣߵĽʿʹðǰϻ率һ߾ս£ǾýʿǵѪ㸺ʲô
˵ͷٻȥЩѵõƤżڰ̨Χ
Ȼ˰ܵ˼ְ˰ļ˵
ķǳãҪͶ߾иĽʿ
ʿɹ߾İղаȵŲһһεɱӶʧ
ɱ˵ĻҲǱĺܣҰļҵп
Ļɢ˰еָֻܿɡ
ǾͺãȻҿճ߾Ͱ׷
ҲԶ͵صɣ̶һҪߣֻƽҩĿĻϸȻܷɵøԶһЩ
һ죬Ľʿǿǿ۾֤ˡ콵ꡱ콵ס澰ֱٷ𵯴꣬˻Щδʲôʱ䣬񫡣
Цˣʲô񫣡֪֪ȽɶǮΪЩϵİ
Ƕʱһš
ȻǴϵ˭иϵĶأ
޶ӺУϯıֶβ˵˼һԴ˸İܣǺҲżȮ죬͵Ļ
ǵһõ͵Ļһ־ȡõЧг죡ֻϧ»ڱУܻȥͬ۴ţнľҲѵãԺװЩ˻Ϊϰȥڣںͷأ
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83 
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ʻķۣλں·Ҫ壬Ǻæĸۿ֮һÿ춼صĴֻҲǰιҪĿڰ
֪뺣޵̴Ҫ뾳ѵģҪίбصн˾İķ۵ͷϽġһ֡н綼Ҫڴ»һ޷ѺӪҵ˰󷽷޶ë⡣
Ϊ޶ĺнƣһṩ˲ĻԸҲǮ
Ŷӿ۵ʱ򣬸Ԩ˼װ塣ԭ͸͸ȴᵽ˼ڷеһ˿ʱһ
ĿȻͣǰλһԺĴͷһ֪˶õİ࣬ѾãɢϢĳζ
ҲǺϰףÿÿǰҪڴͷϴʬ壬ֱнȡ£庣еĹ
ûвõģΪЧãõԽ˾ԽáɿΧĵùԶоûʱ̵ģͷҵֱȾ綾Ļ˭˭ҪꡣںƯôã׿½أȴʱ򻹲òƵĴգѾٵԶܻӭĵһ
û취ˮǺͰͷǲϲ޵ʵҵȴϲĽ
ʢǣȾϺͻҩıرʣƷһһֱǺ޻ѧ˾ҪĲɹأƵ
վͷűӺ˶Իа˾ص֪дҪ䵽ۣȻֻһͷӦǰҪһˣ
ҲΪڽĹʱ䶼鼫䲻ãв˳ͻ԰ͷˮƿڴ
˶ŭԣ˭˼ͷ٣ëһܾǵ˰أķǺˮؾ֮·ͻҪڴͨУǿǵﲻͷĹˡ
㣬װĶʲô򿪲ŵʲôأ
ԨŶ׾֮ǰѬϢļֻˣƲסҪǨŭ
ߣ˶һȺӵ֣˵ǻѪȵļϰףϣ˻Ҫʿ򽻵
û𣿣֪ǰ򿪻ٲ飿Ҫ˰㣡
ͷӵһȨԸݻ༰Ʒʶ뾳˰΢ȵĵʵϣҲԼǮ;һ㶼˰㽵ͣȻҪ󽻸˫ѽʡ˰һָԼȻֻ΢СȨΪķ۳ĶǴͻСҲܴ쳵档
ֶҲֻһЩС罻ͨ޴˾ëǿɲȥ޶ͱ֮ǰѬĺǴǿǷŹµĻ㱻ѬҲҵ顣
Ϊ·¹λļ̳ȨɣеѾҪ֣ϣǹ±߾ʼûӣֻ˾õ쳣𱬣ÿйųĺж
β˹ҳģβ˱Ķô
Ԩںѧ꣬ԸۿԱ̫࣬㶼š
óԶó֤Цһ
ǲͷǴֻ֪ͨͷբоˡ
ͷ٣
ݵͷۣȷԼûпȷǰ̻취Զó֤
һôӵô֤²ǡ
̻еǼǵĶҲûã̷ʮһԶó֤ᱻԽ̣һȥظŶ
ǰΪ˲žۺĳǰܹάεȨ밺ڸѲϵ
ڰ̻лȨĻΪȷ治ᣬӵԶó֤ǶϸĵķɱԼһֱ
ͷԱȻġֻǴ۸˲ʶĿƭһû뵽˸Ӳ磬˾Ȼ̷䡷ķ
ۼͷԱˣԨҲзȵЦЦ߻˼װ塣
⼸ѧԺǰôҪ֪ѧԺѧĿɲʲô伮ʵʵ򣬽Ǯǰ˵
߰ɡ
԰ͷ˵
ͷһηؿλүķô꣬ͷһμñЩͷԱѵģֱӷ˰
˸ۣԨں޵Ĺ¹˽ϵĻһһж¡Ԩһ˴ݸ۳Ƿ˲۵ĲƥϲȺۣȻڼ׶زɹ˴ϺͿʯЩڱؼ۸ߣûѴյԨҲǷ˺ܴҵǢˣ
һ·ߵȻ࣬ȴʮֿɹۣҪǣԨͨԶóߣֻҪȶУһʿɹ۵ĲƸǳ¡
ڶһ磬ϵĸԨȣװͦص˿·¹𳵡
ҪǰǽһСׯ԰ݷл
лԨлûʲô飬˻켣ĽȦͬл·¹壬ԨѶԶó׵ˣֻһЩ罻ϴ档
ллҳӣĸ׳·¹塣ȻǸѪлǼ̳ҵĹͷΣӵһСءȻ֮ƾ豾°ׯ԰Ǻ󻰣Ԩʮֺ棬ôôߵģ
ǵģҪΪŵǴǰĳһϣŰݷãһûڵŷǰ
Ǹлġ
ʲô
ԨƤ
ʲôлǲƱô
Ȼ󣬴͸һԾܾĴ𰸡
Ҹġ
սƻ˻ش
Ҫϣл³Ӱ½ĸҪлҽϵ
۹ûл˵òУֻлֻҪһĻᣬлԸġ
Ԩ֪Լ˵ʲôˡ
Ӧ˵Ǻһ·ڵ𣿹ȻҪܴһƸ棬Ըܵɡ
ڼŭл˵֮ǰԨҲԥϾܵıҪʵл˵úôҲлˣͳ׷˴лҹϵ·
л˵治Ǹסˡһ·Ԩڹ۲ǸøԶûӵļһǳĸãƫƫΧΧЩӶûһǺöǺˣǶڴӺзǳǿҵĵͱġ
ѾӰ쵽л˵áⰢŲòô˵ᱻƭҺܻܿᱻ˷ݱֵܡ
ԸԨ취ŭл˵ãڶ뷨ȥ˶³ǡ
¾ݿǲл˵ǱôڶӰ첻ţܱȷƤӵ±˼İȫ
ԨڴлҵĺźϾлҵĸп죬Ͳû⣬ԭ˫Ӯ⣬ΪһŽл˵õʺ͸ˡ
δݳţԨܾˣΪȷȱľһᣬһܹһȦӵ
ѧԺɡҪκһչ罻
ᣬˣ


84 
лԨȻףΪʲô˻Ϊˡ
ˣĳǶ˵Щ֮
òϵơ
лǸڷ۵ĻѪƫ·˵ӲʣһЩ˵͡ӺܸߣһϸµٻлһЩżɽϡ
Ҫٸ֣
⣬Ԩ˼һ¡
֮ǰŸṩһϵĸѾ͵ݳǣʵʵĲҲ̫Ŀ档
ѹǳɱµĲֿģޣǲ̫ԭϡҪǲɹ̫٣ôɱ͵۶ӣл˵ҲԸɢ⣬˫ĺͲ¼ˡ
ҧҧԨһ֡
԰ŵǹģԶģǵǹԶǹ㹻㣬ܹһٹռӺĻг
ܹռҲûɶⲻǻкôΧ·¹λ̳˵ĻԽԽ˵ʲôʱҪǹ߻𣬵ʱһ׬⡣
еļҵףΪܴлõŻݵļ۸񣬸Ԩƴˡ
ȻԺлı֣Щ
û뵽ѾȻôθڣȻһٳ¸ֳһȵĲ
Ҽǵã֮ĿǷ֯⡣
˵ԨҲñӣΪκһ˶Ҫȷһ½׶
ûƾûݵģ˭õóôǮƭӰȥǺܿˡ
ȽҵıףԶ⡣
˵ţԨȡԼԶó֤һ·еĴ浥һлǰ
ǮԤ·дõģһֻһν׵Ļȫѹлҵĸֲϡ
ǵһʻǩԼ֧װ𺽺֧ڶʣյϸʣϣķֱ͵ݳǡ
л˵ͷ
ԡ
һıֶۣԽ׵ϸڽöȻֱǩԼ
лǸˬˡ
سǵ·ϣԨѵ˰Ե˼
л˵û治һģƷ̫ˡ
лҸǲһǰĺޡ˵лҵϵҲλãǰһѪͳŵڿúء
ϹЦ˵
ϣ롤ʩ޺лĸ׳û壬ǰѪҪΪ·¹Ȧӣл²¶ӡ

ԨЦһ
Ϊ˼ҵľλίһŮˣòһм̳صѪлµ湻ˡ
ⷴ˵һѪѹºͼӶˡ
ɲǣ̰ͼ˼ҵľλͼ̳Ȩǻõذڳһί࣬ʱʱǿԼѪۣα˵ľлүˣʵ˿
Ļô죿
Цݣ¶֮ɫ
ǩԼʱˣǸϿɲһСĿүôǮ
Ұ֤ʱѺڰ̻ˡ
Ԩһ˵
̻ͨѺ֤һǮϢܸߣһһϣں޵ʲᱻûա
аѧԺĸ֮ǰںð˲ʲǿ˹øֲĵĻ
֤ڻУ̻Ϊ˽ܾ׬Ǯķ㣬ҪǲԤʱڻǮ֤ͻᱻעڰ̻ʱͲ֪ҪǮˡ
Ȼ
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Ȼ֮ǰǸΪʲôѺ֤ǮǰѴұүͼʲô
ƺǿ˵뷨Ԩ΢΢һЦ
Ų߱˽Ϣжأ̻һȺŸģûˢӵ˻ͽ費ǵǮ
κлļ棬Ԩһֶûл˵õ¡ô˵лл˵öлˣ۹ϵ϶Ҫİ׽ֻҪ֤ϲ;£ᾪл˵úߵǼˣ⵹ķһ˼
Сز©
Ŀʱ򣬸Ԩﻹĥ¡
лʹĹϵȻ˵ǡһ֮ԵԨĳĺȻлҲӦʹ졣
͸ȽŵЩǹ
ˣǸʲôݱֵǹ޾֪ˡŵƽͰϣ롤ʩ޺лں޸ʲô⣬ҲԨġ
˸ֲģԨ׼ظ뾭ӪԼ磬ֻǸүծ̨ںҲʣʽ𣬲ֱӻݳǽ
ʸֲĵļ۸룬ƷҲǳƽݱ֣ȥ˷׬һǮ⻹㵽һЩֵļӹеЩ֮ǰӦ˰ŵĴʡе£ү͸߸˵˴﷫𺽣һ鱨
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Ԩ룬˴еĴ°ƻضϢͰţԼǴķ
лдһţ޵һոյ߱˵ĶһΪԨΪ·¹лֻ֪ܲǱһΪĳ⡣
еƹˣսҪˡ
˫ʽǰ·¹۲һúƣȷԼļƻ
ѧԺ֮սǻᡣ
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ǮϿζصĵڶ꣬ʵϵһһ£ڰ˸¥ꡢݡ֯԰ߵĥѺǮεһꡣ
Ķɹ˰ȻйҲɣһ뵺⵺ƫԶлʮ۵ĳɼ㹻һáϵĿȡ
˵ǣϪϵĻʳѾʼȻڻũʱ䣬ʳĻѾ˴롣һͩΧũϢҲϪ
龰ȽɸɴںϪϿһרӣںϪͼλũԱöеʱũռʵʹ÷ٶֱ˺䶯ЧεũһһÿҶŵĵطûˡ
չȫũ˶ϿΣдӵũԱݱǾ֪Ϫʳһ£ÿղĳƷģȽŲò޹
Ϊɶ˼īڴѧԺĴʦ˵ɶŵģ˼һ˵ٻ
ҵĶСӵĵãżҾһ壬˵Ǳߵĵزһ˿ɶʳϣ
һʮʮ٣Բϵºܿ촫˴Ӻͬһʱ䣬Sָ塱ĴҲѸ¡֤ı飬ֱָӱΪرԨαǿʯ屻С˻ʹ˵̫
̫诿еʯ壬Щɵؿӡ
⡭Ʒ


85 
ʯ嵽ǲǺS飬¸ӿɲ۶ϡ
ϻĵ֧ѶϾϵȻвףǾ뺣SѪеԶλϿ֪֮٣ױʻûīڴѧԺĶࡣ
̫ҲֻһʣûָһȷĻش
ʯؼһе
дķʵ
⣬Ӿܴˡ
һ̩ǾйἰֻҳȱʯһֱûƳ
ѧ޵ʱ򣬾ͳɼ·¹ʩ͵»ѧ˾Ƴһ׷ʣ׷ǴӼȺϵȡЧɷ֣ܹС
ҲַڣֻúҪǮģҳũֶƷϵܺ޵Ƚա
˵Щޣ̫ó¸еӺũ̲
˵ͷûӲ磬ֽʵ
˵Ҳ˷ϣյıƪָ壬ЧΣ

¸ԥһ¡
ʵŶʩ͵»ѧһĻţϾ˼ҹ˾طƾǸһշʵĿأôܱȵϺߵѧԺľӢѧߡ
ڶס˴꣬ҲһŵʵڶΪ֤ʵʹãѾһݼ¼īڴѧԺͶϱݣһһʳ
ԲǮϿȴܲ嵱¡ǴӺũѧңũĹԱⶼ̣˵ʥжѧԺȥν
ʦǩݼ¼ǾͲαġ
Ͷϱ˵ǵȷǿһһʳ˲ֻʡ
ӽ˵
Ч˵ܹũġ
̫һۣ΢΢һЦ
صǽһһ˵Ǳ˵ģҲǱ걨ʵûйϵ
Ϊһ֮ףյĿرũɣѶϢѵӦǲǰ˶ԣȻ󾡿ƹȫԲŶ˵õķϡ
̫û˵ʲô˵ʲô֮磬Ҫ̺ɵİ׹Ȩ
סˡǮϿϱļݱпᵽ˲ðͷ֮ţոܽ͹걳Ĵ罨ʺ찱ȽɣĹע֮С
ᵽ̫״ѩӧ
û֪̫ٵʱѩӧһ棬޻˵Ʀɧţӡ̡
̫ۡ
û뵽һӢˣȻţҲӢš
ˡ
̧̫ۡ
лô˿Ȭ
һ˵Ӿ΢΢ü
ҡҡͷ
Ⱥ˵ĺأ˿һֱûϣҽõһֱڸʹôҺע䣬ʼղʡ
ùҺôܲʹã
̫ʣһԵĹɴ̻ش
õãԽȡùҺȥȳǣֻޣҲлܷ͵סԡ
ùҺ̩ǰᵽһҩīڴѧԺҽõĽϰһֱоΪùֶȡ˵ƷҲʮֲȶһʻжлҪԱҽõҽʹЧһĴעҺҲҸðʹùҺ
֮жйעһлиãпֱӵԱжȷвȶ󡣡
Ӷ˶٣ֽ˵
ֻѡҪʾһ£Գ¸ۿɵΡ
ۣǺ޿Ӻܴ죬ķڶ¸۽һ֣̽ͬڹԱзͷ
һԭҲͶ˳ӵɣȻǴӺѧԺҵйְľǸȳ¸ҪͿŵˡ
ô
һÿɷ
ӴĦһ̫뷨ÿ۲ɫ¼λ۹ŮԵ˵ⷽҲȷǲ㣬ڶ¸˸ʲôٺ磬ͲŮǲв壬СÿһڶĻϢ
߹黨ߣ˵ǲģѸ³Ǹ֣ٲȻбȼȵͷ
Ůˣϲ£ĺĹؼлﻹû̫жϣ˵ʲôΪʱ硣ȵлﲻˣжۿžҪʱҲֻű£ȻƾƸסж
ţҲʶȤزжصļλߣת̫˰Ƹĸ
еⳡۣ˲ö֪Ϊ籩۵֮һĶȴѾ뵽βĽģʽݳﴦ˺ºͺϪСһҲ֣С
Ѻĵڶ꣬ȥʱﻹһƬ˴ʧ̻̲գĻ˼ꡣ
ɽȴǲͬˡ
ȽݡºͺϪؽ˹ĹǮ񣬷һ꣬ж˲Ǯ͵ŹЩҵ
ܻݳǣ෻ﶼ֡ʵڹȥıȥأĶٻЩҵףȴҲʣࡣ꾰Щʳ˲Щ£һ⣬Щɵ㣬һ˺ͺԲԲǸˡȻȻҪģҪڱӣж𺣿ܣ±ֻҩݵ찱ϪĻʳйöиĹҶкӡ
гȽɵҵģϪׯ˼Ҿûôӵ˼Żʳһǵһûʵĵطһճɸׯ˼Ǯ˭ʢ꣡ǰֿٽǵ꾰˺ϪʳĻʣֻҪźأճɿ϶Ҫǰ࣡͸ʳķõʲôµģ϶Ҫˮĺ갡
ɱɱɱɱмҼһвũصظȥݳǣҪһеش󼯡
󹤷ĸ̻ⶼɰҲԽͶ뱾ǮݳĴĪ˵ڶǷھҲѷɫƷĿӦоСϽֶЩʳ̻Щر飬ŹݹǰƳһЯĳʳڵзһ꣬ЩҪݹϼҵģЩԼճϲĳʳȥҲǺͼ˷ζˡ
վڹ̨һ߷֭һкս᳡ǾСˣЦذ˸ꡣ
ùã
ЦŻ
Ҫϼɶʱ򷵹ѽ
˵պǰ˹ǮҪЩؼȥ
ӵķĺã±ζһǹ꣬صĶǺװ±ˣضУд䣬ʮܳǻӭ
˳һһӵĹֿ̨գϵĹһֱཱུðżꤵʳ͡Ƚζ̵̤ʱ򣬿ֻ̨ʣ׵ز˴裬˿տҲëˡ
Ƚɣ𣿣


86 
𣿡
Ƚһʧ
ʦֳڵñƱȽģʦ־;ðⷽרңҪһоðп˵
ǻһרңǷСͳṩķֻǰذ˵ݣ˵׻Ϊǹ
ĺϳɰú¯ԼûɴӺȱҲֻǰѣ԰ʵķڡ١жд
ȽŵĻˮƽʵȻʦר˲ſ϶ȲˣҲͨīѧ֮ϡˣʤԸߣ֮ǰκСͳĿʱնԻڻһϸĴšͷϵʱ򣬶ʦֵ룬ҲͰư͵شˡ
һӣ͸á
һǸǳȤƵĽṹܹǧٹֵԣͱȽֵĵñΪЧֱѡϳСͳĵǦлŽȴŷǳȤ½ֺϳɳֵ֮չΪµо
ȫȻǽʦĽŲ𲩴ĻѧҪʦŵ˼̻ͲΣҪ֤ʦᱻԼȤ
īڴѧԺλϰṩ׵н㹻ǹϿԣҪͶоǮҽȥ춯϶ǲġ
һ˵ʦǶ취׬Ǯһ£ٷ߽ܴ󹤷ԼΪһЩоʦ֮ǰܱصίƽñǰߡ
лŽҲ˽ΪȽзµȾϡ
ĺȽŵĴöģҪͱ궼д˫ʮ˳ϮȽϼұ䣬ֽԼ䵽ȽϷּҵС
лŽݶԷּ۸¶ĸоǿϣҪֹ˻𡣵ȽͱˣԵΪҪлŽ⳥ʧҪļף˾Ҫһʡ
̣ԲԼĶ˵ȽŵĹȰ֮£лʦͷڶֻ˶ԺȽ֮ᷳʣȫȨ˴ȫлʦҪ͵ϣǵȽųԼľССһȾϣֵлŽΪ
ȫȾϵз֮󣬾ⲻҪȽD򽻵ںȽϣȽDٲȻ˺зĻˣҪȽҵҪȫ
ȫʤӲ֪һȾҲôҪʲôʮɫĻ֮ģû
Ҫ࣬ȽDҲʶȤ˳ͣҸķǳȫȽŵǲðײãлʦĶķϣʦֱͷ
ʦ֣ɵʵʦܷǮġ
ĳ˵
û뵽ȱǮʦּȻ⣬׼ץС
Ƚ֮ǰæ𱬻ҩ͵ͷҩʦ֣ȷоһ䣬ʦ־͹Ƿծˡ
ǸʮɫĻƣð취
취ʲô취ô֪ȽDҪֻƣ
ȽDǸϸʲôϦǰϼвɫΪ˴ﵽҪȽŻصȥ۲һա
˵ҲīڴѧԺԱǻؿƵģ
һκϳ޹ȫ̲סСʦܱԹ
ǻؿƵĽϰôģΪʲôţ
ȽŸЦ
ȽDīڴѧԺԱûҲĵȷȷԼϵĻѧĿֻβǰ
ȽԵһѧչ涨ѡȥĿĿʱȽDҲӵѧ飬幫صȽŵĸףȽŲҪѧ
幫Ҳ֣ܳһѧѧľ㹻ˣٶҲ˷ѣѡ߽죬ܰ
Ȼ˵幫ͼҶףԼӵķͷȽŸǹҲ뱾ٶһѧϾ֯԰ճӪУ֯ĸҲǷǳҪĻơ
Ƚûģʲô֧֡ұѾλõĺ󱲣ͷŰɡ
˵ˣֻģȰѶһգʦȥԷ緹û԰ɡ
˵ȫҲûоһѣõĶӶʱ๾һ
ʦǸСڵˣҲñȽʲô˼ġ
УǹǱСĲҪˣⶾúܣ˵ġ
ȽӦһ
ֺɫȾϣԼһǰһλѧҷ֣ɫȾϵĻϡȽDδҪȾϵĳɷ֣ʦֻѡķӱʼ𲽡
ʰһʵ䣬ȽʵţԼСԺ
СͳԼͨʱ䣬ʦƫƫҪоȾϣȽȫеĲɣһֱڵĴСĻᡣ
˺ö⣬͵ŸСأ
ʦּʱǶŸѵĻᡣ
غţ´壬Ѿʼ
СͳͶӰǽϣʵȽһֱڻɣСͳľǲʲôĹԴôͶӰеԴΣݰףŸ鶯ɰ
ն˵ĵ񲻴㣬ûиúõɹ̫
СͳյرԹ
Ŷû취ͨ
ȽŸЦ
ȷˣʱʵ̫ææϾˣʹҪҲԺ
ע⵽СͳıںܻҰ⡣
˵С⣬ҺС˴
Сô
ȽûСˣСͳ˵ڴͼС˺ǸƢСȽʱЦͳÿζСͳùĹġ
ȻСĺѣҲͺͲ࣬Ǹޡ
ȽѾ֪ˣСͳռռʱĸνɽѳӺʱգҲڴӺڵǧ󡣴Ƕϣ̫ڻʵ۳ɵ˵еϾڻúúء
Ƚʼû̫ڻʵۣСͳ˵ǹæҪ׬Ǯޡʷ˵̫ǸڷܵĻʵۣճûиڿûпš
ֻôæСӶԳĺô
Ƚ̲סСͳ䣬СͳӦ£е᲻
ʵҲܻţ뱻󱲡ԼܻţǱӲؿʼתƻ⡣
Ҷ֪ڶæʲôѼ
ȽŶˣϿ뷨Ҳû취˵ֻ࣬סģת˵Լĳɹ
лʦһͬĻʣһķԼոձʦץȥȾϡ
ЩǸһģΨһԼģƵȼľƿ
˭֪СͳϱǾ䡰ʮɫĻơע⡣
Ҳ֪뵽ʲô֮ǰյԴһ쳤ˣ˷ܵʵ
Ⱦϣ˶Ϣô


87 

Ƚŵ˵ͷͷ
ʦץоȾϣȾϵ˽ҲһǵȷƱǻΪȽDҪʦʮɫĻơȾмԸɫȾ
СͳʲôѲҲȾ
û˵ʲôϢûû˵֡
ǻǰأһܹ־ҩ𣿡
ûС
ӺձʹõĻǴעҺȥǰᵽùҲУΪùᴿѶȺܸߣֳĵͣĿǰûа취㷺ƹ㡣

СͳһȻԼҵİְֵĻ㡣
ְֲ֪ǰ
ͷѸٿʼԼͰְĹ̡ûûᵽǰְֶҽҩȫó֪ľֻдùأԼӵĴעҺ
ùصᴿһ֪⣬˵Ļǰҩˡ

Сͳգһ´۾ԼȷȨĻˡ
ְֲ֪֪Ѽ
ԭǿƼƽϵͳйڿеһ֪ߡ
ǣΪһƼƽϵͳСͳԭǼ콵УǰȱʥһĻʱ㼼ѹѧӦһһӡ̤ʵǰУԽʱļ׼ʵҲͱλչ
ȽۿСͳ˷ܺɥ˼дŰ۵СϡӸղ˵ĶԻſƲһ͵ҩйϵҩӺڻû
û뵽ģһӡȾϵĶȻƼѧĿĿͨ仯ǧ
û׷ʣΪȷСͳ벻˵СͳʵƾմڸһżգȷԼĳɹۣȻ;ͶԷۣԷŻۡ
ԼƳġ
Ƚʵ˵
ҵһλʦ֣ɣʦлŽлʦ֮ǰ˺ϳɰ߻λ
ŶŶŽŽݣ֪֪
СͳץץͷȻһĪ⡣
Ǹʦֽɶǽɶ˰ɣ
Ƚ˷Ц
Сͳʼ߳ŭ
Ҳûʲô뷨Ҫȷһ°ŸʦǲǶţ⹫˼ҵķֲ
ۼСͳˣȽæתƻ⡣
ʦֵȫȫܺȽϵίоȾϣȾϵĹƳ
ԭǰŵİݡ
Ƚҵ£СͳҲ֪һ㣬Ϊź˵ø쳣
ҪСͳ˵ǸȽD˶ģһǴżԲŻһٶδ֪ġϡ
̫Ϊ˱ʱɻңСͳǱսͣһֶûᡣ
ߣоȾϡ϶Ǹļһ֪˶ϢȾб֣Բų߼ȽŵʦĥգȻڰѻǰĴ˵ҲûʲôɣѾˣԷȾϣαر˰ǣ
ţСͳĵȻֻˡͦͦأΪϵ˵
ȻѾϳΪɶȻǻأ㲻ѾܹҵϳɰˮŨˮö-Ȱ⣬ȻˮٴܵõĻǰ
һ˵һ֦ڵϻҲ֪СôͼģȻܹĶ۽ڵϵͼΡ
ֻͼĴеϣгСͳǰ׾ģµĲֶеˣİҲСͳдʲô
ѶԷеҪȫĬ漰ķӦ˼¼
žˡ
Сͳ֣ӵվ
ǰҩ־ҩͨϸĴлƷֳҲΪ־ҩԱ뱣֤㹻ʱάЧѪҩŨȣиҪء
Ƚú棬ÿһУΪ֪Щʹ˵ͬʲָһΪǽʡ̽ʱͳɱ
һ㣬ʮ˽ҩϳΪҪ
ץס˼⣬ϸڡкܳһʱ䲻ܿҪץסĻᣡ
ϧ첻ԸܿжӡȽſŻҰһƬĲֿǽڣȻʧܾûкܶⶼûҪҽҩԱͺˣ֪ܶʶһ
һȽִ˾
ȻõָǰҩﻹҪԽϰо
е㷢ϴλʵ¿ƵSͷϣصĻǰզ죿ܲܡߡТܲʻʺɣ

ͷɥİŴСԺţһ̧۾Ͳײһˣɰһ
ǡ¿ξҵġ
ޣҡǳӱ
С˵Լ֣ȻſڣҲ˵ˡ
Ƚ̾˿
ҵôɡ
ţӱԺ
֮ǰ˵˵¿ξĶʮ򣬲ó¿ξʮͷʹ
ǰ׻ʱ򣬰游ĸ罻ϼλ¹ӣ˻
ӱʱΪʲô
ˡ
ӱ˰죬ŽͰ͵˵
ҡĹʲôʱ򻹻й
ȥ
ҡڶҩѧѧ꣬ҺóͼʲôԸɡ
ӱⷬ˵״ΣűССİȴ˵һС
һˡ
Ƚ̾˿ʾš
ϸ˵ɡ
ӱﱧĬĬظȽ
ͷֻҿµש˵Ƚǻѧţóܶ಻˵ĶЩڶԴӺҪ
ӱ֮ңԱһ֪֮ԼʲôÿĶ
ٶǼӷֲ٣Ƚźϲִ֪綮صˣ龰Ц˵
Ҳţµ޷ûʲôҪġ
ӱŸ̧ͷ
˵ҩѧã
ԺȽʵ
ѧʲôƣ
ҩơ
ӱִٲػش
ҽҩѧǴͳѧãͨĿҩѧƺơ˵īڴѧԺҽҩѧûһҽƣķʹͳѧòͬȴҲ˭ѧġ
ȽĿĿ
֮ǰȫƾһţȴڲпʵǰĥҽҩξ֮¸Լ¡ۿſҪˣѲҪǰػȥ
ҩư
Ƚ°͡
βˣӦͨġ
Ȼҽƻҩ룬ܹǸҽҩϵϵܱʦҪźЩ
Ҫǳӱڸ㣬˵ܸʦֽһЩʶ⣬ǰҽѧֵȸӽҿʱٹ̲ͻأ
Ȼһ⡣


88 
Ƚŵ˵ҲӣǰѳӱݽȾоС֣˳ҽҩʶѳƷĹЧƷ
Ѿ̽ʮɫơĵ·ϣһЩ裬ϳɳһЩµĳɷѵôȻ뵽ҪȾȥβ
ӱĳ֣Ƚһܺõ㡣ҳӱ֪֪ףݿɿ㿴˻ǰϳɵĲֹҲ͸¶ˣǸ߳¿ξ֪ˡ
۹λ¿ξ˵ǸгǸдˣȻҲïͷԿιҶ꣬ס˶һԪ
ƽںһϣ˫һ£ҪܹƸȾҩ³Ҳ֪ûôɳӱĹϵȹͬˡ
Ƚжӱ﷢롣
ӱܳû뵽ȽŻоС飬˵һҩҩܸɶ
ҩҩҲѽ
ȽЦſ
ǵʵкܶҪȺȳɷ֣á
ʵеĺܶ϶жкģһҪʵзյġ
жк
ӱ˵ͷ
жкĶҩкܶҲжԣֻҪϸľͲΣա
ڵѾԼԤҪ̫࣬˳ס⣬ܸȽɺīڴѧԺĸ߲һӱζû뵽Ļ
Ҳǿϰɡ
ӱԱ
ȻʲôܣܲΪӱûõķɡ
ȫȽŻһ˻Ҳû˵ʲôȾǸȽҸɵĻƣʦʦҪôʦ찱Ҫôȥʳæܴ֮Ļֻʦֿ
һˣⲻֵܶǿػǿξĶӣȻ˾Ͷøɻ
˵ӱȻ󶮻ѧȴǸʮֿ׵ˣĹϸɣԲһΪ˷ǳ͵ΪԼǿξĶӶֺʮֵԼ϶˺ȣڴڼβ˵״̬
ҵ֣ǲ
һԺʦֶȽ˵
Ƚžûˣʼʦֽܳڵ˵ӱǰҩһףȫ˵ͷ
ѹ֣ҿѹȵ
𣿡
Ƚ۾֡
ΪǵȻᣡ
Ȼ᣿
ȫˡ
ȻһűȡĲһ֮ȥԶ
æ¼һ߷һ߶
ôȻᣬȻᣬѵд𣿣
ȫȻдڼ¼ȷд˼ᣬȽŸˡ
ԼѴԼӱ˲֪ʲôĶ
ǻˡʲôȣ
ȫԻˣ֪ǺϳһֵĶ֪⵽ʲôã
ֹ
Ƚס۾ʦֿżƵóѵ񣬼װɥ˵
һóӱ˰ˮڳǲ֪ʲô־塭
⡭
ȫһӡ
Ҳ̫ˣûԼóӱҪô죿
лʦ֮ǰô˵ģǻһľǾ׼ݲðвͿܳ
ȽŵͷԹ԰
ʵڴ֮ǰԼѾ͵͵ʵϳ̣ȷһʧŽӱԼһȫ̶ң³ʲô⡣
û취ֻ֡ײķʽϳɴֻǰȻʺ;ʱȥƷ뵽ȫױܵķϾһг˸żȻɺϣҶѾϰΪˡ
ͰɣΪҩʦͷҲֵãԼ˺ҲҪˡ
ʦǸǳеĴ磬СʦһͨͰζԼͷϡȽʦǻѧԱӱֻ᰾ҩСΨԼĻƳʦǳ˲̲ܽϵΡ
ȥʦͳ¿ξȽźͳӱסӱҲηˣŵΪԼȡȨü֪Ƚɵʵ飬Ȼ϶Ҫץȥ
ٸһλɣԺһӱӱСģ
棬ȫֻô뷨Сʰо֡
ǻô
ӱƿֻǰ
ֺϳɵĵһȻʵ˲ŶǺ᲻ӵܣϣȽûȥ
Ƚſ뷨˵ͷ
֮ԻѴֻǰ˳ӱҪʵ̫ޱȿޱųԼСԸ鷳ԱܵѹԼ
Ҳ֪¼ôӵģǸ佫ңȴжϸˣѹֺͳ¿ξƢԲˡ
ߣ㲻ҪֱӽӴ÷ԼƿУͨĵطҪܳ
ȽŰѻǰĴ洢ӱｲһ顣ųӱﲻ£ԻһȫȻͨȻһ˭֪ʲô⣬ô͵÷ͨ粻ܳĵطں
ڳӱʮԹԼסеע
Ƚϳ±ôҵġ
ӱ˵ͷ
һȥ
˶٣Խ䡣
ܸܲҪЩ±֭跹Ƴԡ
ȽŵͷӦʮʹ졣
ϣҸƵһݻȥ
Ѵֻǰӱĵڶԭ
ӱһֻèơèǰҰèܶһȡӱèֹѪɴƵľһձһղ
ӱҲŸιʳҩЧԡմƵ¿ʼߣԲȣۼžҪˡ
ӱҪƳ±ζҲ󱥲һ١ɲɵģձ˻ǰ
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89 
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Сͳʹüһ£Ԥ׼ʺϴصĻǰᾧͶڱֳһС±С
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ȷǣǰȥûʲôӦȽÿһʱͻ¼ԼĸܣĿǰΪֹûз쳣
һèڶԷ֪£ɹĶʵʵ顣ھһɺϻġ֮󣬻ǰıʱʷ̵ҩϴӺʱ̨


90 
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βҡ֮ǰҵľȽŶ԰ȫ⿴أһ㶼׼һЩߡ
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Ƚ߳ӣվԺУüĿһĨȡ
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91 
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92 
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ǮϿǴȽǱߵõϢֵõĶƤ
˵ֵͩˣⲻͰīڴѧԺҽõĽϰô
Ҳҽãˮƽ󿤵ĹҽûвࡣڻǰʵõĵһڶҽãʦҪۼ֤Ч͵ҽߡһȥģ˼Ҷѧѧ࿴ҽòҲջ
ΪīڴѧԺҽõĿ񳤣ǊĳдԱֱҪ̫̫࣬ĻߣһС˵治ʲô
ƫƫǵһμ˽ӵıţǮϿﲻԵͷӭӣǰذг̣էһһ֮ףܽӴ˵С
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ǮϿ׬ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬Զжȳǵжҽãȴʮء
жлȥ˸¥¼ˣ֮ȻҽΣγʱֶǰα̣гϵϴơԭþлһУƣӦԸֱʣ²Ƿʼûôá
ǿһ꣬ջǲظѡ
лһжĿƶЩȶѿغΨлǴӣлﲡʵʵĹġϿغ¿ȴǰлǿƲŲòͣʵ˼
лҪˣжصλþͿ˳˭ϲȳأڼϺƫƧ֮أǶһҪֱƵġ
ĸؾһˣøɫˣ
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ǿЦ˵Ѿ·ϣ˵ܴµİ취
лȴҡҡͷ
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93 
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еݸʹϿСǲ࣬ƽΪȽ֯ݾӹû㲻ҶǰͰ
ȥϮкܶ˴ӶѳǿеݳǣǶϱڲԫ̣˼
лι֮ǰԭѾÿһĳǵ׼
һ´ЩԾݸͷæȻȲȸۣҲеģʲô۲ԫ
⡭ݲǱܹô
л˾ȵ
Ҳ⡣
֪ո˺ܽ͹걳죬û뵽ݸȻָ죡
ѹְžҵˡ
ǡ޵Ĵɣ
лۡ
ϴУԺ˽ͨ󸾱Ȳϵģһ۾ܿ
ǵģĸǺлҵ˸ִ
˵⻰ʱ򣬷ɻԽ
ǰǷ֯صأճĻ˵Ķ޻˿˸Ҫʲô
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лջߡ
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һҽõķϡ
ҽò֪Ǌڣ˵һʹŽϰǳȥˣ˭֪ȥ
л˿գҲɥ˵һʹҩĲ˻ԺУ˵Ҫȥ̽һ¡
ӵĲʵõĲˣ˵ѾҪסҽСֻΪǰĵһλƲڻŸҩЧΣҽصظһרŵĲۡ
񣬶ĸ֪ҽóҩÿնвйѯɷúĸܡ߲ܣΪǮظƵķãΨһҪûƣʵǰҩЧ
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л˵ҽãӻΪУԼѾ˵һֽһ顣
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94 
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ҪģҩԴκһ伮ϵҩԱҸʧƷԵɺιèȻ־ȻֿܹȾ
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жǻǲġлﲻжأжĿĶ롣һлʲô⣬жĿȻҪ
ðɣҵľ
лİ
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95 
кĶңŵĺñԨʱں޵Ӳù
ȻҪԭȱǮ
Ǯˣү˰̻ĸÿһۣǸ߶ϢĻѹ
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ϣǴŵĶںյ°ķҰѾˣѹȥǾ͵ûںѪ
Щ죬ϣǵľӲƽ·¹߾ںյ°ķҲϣǹսսһ
𡢱֡ġﰬŵе罻ԽƵŬռ鱨ƣ˷罻Ȧ
ԨһЩ罻ϡ
ѧԺ̸ĵNɣսսǰ󶼳˻ᣬֻɵӲŻ
ֻҪάƵε罻ܺͽǮȱһɡүǿ׳ͷţֻܴӣάֱϵĹʡ
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ڼ䣬û֪ǸҲĸүΪصӹء
һ·Уе׵ֲȫס
ҲҹȻõĽСܿɣҲ޵ֽдɣүӦǱĳЩ˶ˣԭ֮ǰǽµϡ
ڴս֮ǰϣ˭ÿɰɣС˵ҪүشӺҲҪôҪʲô
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սѾˡ


96 
Ȼˡ
Ԩ̾˿еԶ
ֻۺֱߵ鱨еᵽƽͱµΣաɵսĿʼҲûֺ̿ãȻ
ҪˣҲս̫áսĸֻᷢ仯ľӪܶҪƵ
·¹Щ켫һʱġzš˸ͬĵ׻󲿷ֶѸʧں޵ϡ
ٻҲ֪ʲôʱҲҲ˷˰ɡ
ү˸еĬĬһӲĺаȻ˶һҪһ̹ӣϵóʵᡣ
оյͨ˺յ°ķͼԺԶó״ҪķҪбǣ˷Ҫӡ

Ԩлһֵǡ
׸лϸߣȻս¡
лҵĸ³Ӱյ°ķкԶľ룬ʱᱻ
˭Ҳܱ֤սӵ·¹һɱۣݱֵĸ϶Ϲ˵Ҳ׬ǮȥҪ鷳
Ԩźһ·վݳǵأͱϵһöڱ˵
ʲôʺҩܴȨˣ
ԨһȻ
ǰһȽ˵ЩȴװıһƿԪڻƯһ£ϵζ޷ͷ˶ӣȷҲǽĺõط
ϴ˸裬ԼϣþòıֵСԺԻ
žġ
ȽŰѻǰҩԨ򵥵Ľһ飬õĵȻǸԵɺϡĹٷ汾øԨһʵı飬ֱ˵֮Ȼ棬Ҳܳ¡
Ҳ˵ֽǰҩǿƸȾҶԷӦûùҺô󣿡
ʣȽ롣
ҲȫûиãҲһϳ˺
ΪǿڷԶԷӦҶȱȽϵͣЧҲùҺһЩȾɵȽǰҩʹüֵǺܴġ
Ҫǣֻϳɵĳɱرߣ󲿷˶õ𡣡
˵Ԩ;ֻ۾ԽԽ
˵ϳɳɱߵʱ򣬸үˣ͵һѱס˱ܣ
ǰǰ̫ˣ
ȽŵÿӶˣۿŸԨߵӣ̵֭Žϣ֪޾أԲ֪˸ʲô
СԺʱ򣬿ľһ
ִӸԨħצذܣʰ𱻴򷭵Ļüʵ
ʲô裿
٣㲻
Ԩһ⡣
顣
ʵ̫ˣͷܻܰĺ飬ô˳ۣ
ǰǰ׵ľ۱ûܣڴӺ׬Ǯ˵ҲϡʣΪܾҩ
ϣǽյ°ķˣ֪𣿡
ԨеƮ
ҵĴͨͼ磬Ӻյ°ķķʹеѾˡ
˭Ҳ֪սʲôʱ̾ͻˣǵҩʲôʱͶǻǰĴûᣡ
ԣȽźʹһۡ
Ҳ˵޿ܻս£û뵽һ죡
ҩڽ죬֮ԴģǰҩǵСҩڸƷͨǰĿǰһЩĿ棬ǰΪУʮޡ
ңƷһЩҪǴȥޡ
ԨԺصߣзɿıҩķ
ǸᣬҲǳðա
ϷѲ⣬һµĺʲô鶼пܷ
Ҳȵϻķյ°ķսѾҲսӡֻҪ⾭Ӫúãӭж⣬ϣԼԶó֤
ΪʲôõȫΪܳＯϣΪŴӲʧžĸǣ
ԨǮԸѻǰĴȨԪ磬ΪŰѻǰ䷽͸˶͢Ͻ档
ñܴǰһССҩܱסĶ˻ǰǹͻٲôۣǮҲи㡣
Ҳ׼ڴӺ׬ǮδǰҩڴӺȫۣת׬Ҳܱס
սں⡣
㻹Ҫغޣ
žȵ
޲ǴڻȥΣա
ԣԨ΢΢һЦ
ΣҲǻսĽҪǱӺĹȫѵõķչʱ
Ļû˵Ƚźʹס
Щ꺣޶ڴӺѹԽﵥ˰ֹӺԱѧϰգƿʯú̿ڣʳ߼۷ۡƫһҲ˼ŵĻʵۣѿļҵ׸˸ɾ
ڵĴӺǿиɣſƹʵʵ֧ţߡ
ץסѵõĴϢ֮Ӻ㻹лָԪϣ
ǣӺץסô
һ뵽еֿ˵ı鶼Щء
ˡ
ԨЦЦתƻ⡣
ҼлﹺһϣӦѾ͵˰ɣ
һ˵ϣȽ˾
һֱýͰ͵ݱ֣ɶʱӵйôĸϣðһһҹˬУ
вǹвʦбŷٽϿԶǹڶ棬ʺսܼ䣬ɹõ˱ĵڶʴ󶩵
Щϻ˲ǮɣıǮ𣿡
Ƚŵĵʵ
϶ǲģϾһֽݱˣȽŶԭϵļ۸ʮС
ҲǸûнǮʶСүˣڵ־ܹһϵļֵǸµ֡
ڣͱǹˣ֧һǮ
ҲΪʲôҪǹл˵ԭҪһ󻧻ˡ
лˣض˷Ʒ׬Ǯ˼Ȼҡ
ҪܰǹͺˣɱͬһװҲһҼҵ⡣
Ԩ˵
Ƚû˵
Ҳȴһˮ
ɵȨľеƲͻڣԱǸŶһСõĻһһֳɵġ
Ҳε⡣

ɹģٽʵãҲѡ
СԺٴ˳Ĭû˵˵ıơ
ףǶڣ
춯һֵӰСԺżԭǶǮϿ
Ǯؽ΢ʮֽӵҲ֪ʱĶϹģϻź˵е㴭
ɰϽʰһ£Ǿͳȥһ˾ǡ
ǣ
Ƚһ㶡
ΪʲôҪȥǣż
ɻûʳǮؾ׳һʯƾĴϢ
̫󡭡̫Ҫǣ


97 
̫Ҫţ
ԨһۣڶԷп˵ǡ
̫诣ԭֻ̩ɿļҡ̩ɿԶĲӣǰʮδ诼̩ĵڶ㻳Уֻ⺢ûã̩ɿһһԹ¶ĸ
ۼݱûáڸежѪľֻʣ̩ɿѾ֪䣬̩ɿǸ׶ѡȫ˫֧֡
̩ɿʤǻµۡ
λʱ򣬱жѡ̩ɿ飬ϲȨ֧˫һֵ÷ǳң˵Ǳ-ж
˵
ԭΪ̫λԺϲʩӱȻȥУȴûбֳԵԣƶĻǹʣ˵һǻ۵ˡ
ƫƫģټİͼȻһˮƽǹеĶǮϿҲֻ˰Ƹĸﲻ˰ͷ̫أ͢Ϊİѱ
ʱϮȽϳߣҵķϡµĶѾ֧ˣһ˰ƯƯҲǮ¸ˡ
ǳڵȨɡ
Ԩüͷ塣
ڰʱ˵ӣʮƳеĻѧͶбӰȺˣкܶ뷨Ǵϰеߵ
˲غƷԲۣӶ̩֮ȷķչƻ鲢ͬΪϣܹȫ뺣ƶȣع鵽ȷ·ߡ
ȷ·ߡ
ԣЦһ
ƾʲô̩ļƻȷ·أ
˶٣΢Щ͡
ĿǰƺҲȫҳлﲡصʱѡжȫûƳˮ̫ûӦʡ
ȴֲƴӣԼµ۳Ϊκһľż̫ҲǸˡ
˺Ȼ˵ҪȽţΪʲô

һһֱûôǮϿȻЦ
Ҫ˵Ҳô࣬û׼̫Ϊ˵˻ǰĹ¡ԲȽɵأ
˻һ˵תĿơ
ʲô˼
Ԩȿڵ
̫ô֪ǰĹµģ
ǻ˵Ǯӵı֪˭ͱȥġ
ǮϿԼΪһ֮׵ܵƣ϶˵
ô»˵
űߵչ˹֡
Ϊأɱº̫ΣԿڸмְȻ֪޲ԣ޲Ƚɺͳӱ˻ǰ񣬱Ҫϴ
һ˵ò󣬼ӵǰ˸ʮʮѹ˶
ǺȻʶ¹ǮƽʱжӵϾǶأ˼ĽǶȺȫһ¡
Ȼ̫ټǵȻúú׼׼
ȽЦǮϿ
ǮҲһ̫ʲôҪעǣ˵һǵһ빬ء
˵Ͱ֮ǰԽӲķΧ˲ƣҲ˼һʺϵ̨ס
ǮϿܸˣ̺˵˹ǡԼʵѧ֮ǰϴ󳯵ʱ񲹵ģЩϸҲǼǵ©ٳ
һ磬ǽҹȥˡ
صȽңȽ˵Ҫȥ̫¶˵ǵɫ
ϴȥ˸¥¼Щ˶ڻǺӣҪ빬ʥû
̫ټֲܾܾȽ˵öӵĵĻֻǿЦʰһ·ſڡ
ȥء
ۼſظʧԶǮȡӲ˲ۡ
ſģǮ빬򣬳¿ξһǲľб
οƺҲڸԼġ
Сܴȱƣһƽġ
ɾǸɾһһȥϤĽֵϤĵ̣һжȽżеĲ
ɾԭǣǰӺضڣҲ˱Ի͵ǰʱ⡣
Ǩؽ¾۹Ҳ𽥶ơǱϾǷϻ֮أīڴѧԺڵľǣѾʧȥ׶֣λɳȻ
ԪȷԺ̫ûдŽϷؾǣھɾĹоסǨضǵ˼
ߣڸȺҲֻܸ¡
еĻʹǰ󶼻Ľģ۹ģͳ¾ĹȺûȣϳʱ򼷼컹ڳطڷ̿裬ϰ˿ĳʮί
ȽŵǲСϾĶǱʵļλ壬ɹһשһ߶ŹӺׯϡ
һֱڲĬǮأԵʮɡǻ˸ط˸£ǰĴơǊлŽݶûͲ̫λʦרš
˰ƫ
̫һؿŶ빬ˣŶȽɵˣù˴Сʵ۳ȥ棬ԼŮȥǰ
ϣ̫Ƚſ˻ᣬЦ
˻ǰ˵㻹ɹϳ˻ʣǹ
ȽæӦŵ
ǮϿ˵ϱݳȥһ̫Դ౨е֪еϸڣֻҪʲôʵشͿˡ
Ȼ̫Цŵ˵ͷ
˵ǰ䷽ϽȻӢţĿɼΡ
ҴӺԼûпַ̩ͻ׵ӺҲڶ̶̼ͺɨͳһԭ˭Ĩȥʵ
̫˶٣ֽ˵
۵ĽѾϳӺĹҵؽ𲽣ҪȵˡΪ׳ǰҲûʲôýģһΪ䷶ա
⻰˵ƮƮģȴʮ־ˡ
ʲôе䷶䷶ǹ·ֱº̫֪ȽˣĹǻʼ֤ĳɹ
ӽ쿪ʼȽҲͷпɽֻҪ¹ʣ˭㵯
Ҳ룬ȽŹذл̫Цֹ
˿ǮϿֿ˿Ƚţ޸пص
սǶ֮жʱҲۣ˵硡
ɰܾãЩʵ̸ֽܱʵǮڲҵȽɲ̰ͼΪ׷ʡһ̤ʵص飬ǰҾܷſˡ
ȥúǹǷϣǾɴչȭţҲ뿴ܰѶĳ̶ȡ
һֱ뿪ʹǮϿﶼһֱ㱣۷ſաҪȽſţ·ˤײϹź
Ļʲô˼
ȥúøɡŬɣ̫˵ҪµĶʲôģǲ˵̫˼ҾǮϿصĻ㲻
ٺٺ٣ٺٺٺٺ١
ǮϿԼĺף޷ƵɵЦ֮С
̫˵ɵĲԺ˭ڳЦͰ̫Ľ˦ϣЩǻûõ̫Ŀ佱أ
뵽ǮϿۿ죬ݺһɬı顣
Ǯãҫ


98 
ӹлҲûھɾͣڶձ̷ض
Ӿɾض·һǳ𳵵ȸۻ˿ʹ֪ߵؿڣȻźֱݸ֣ۡת·˭ʱûܹ纣ŵļء
Ҫ½ͺˣǿ԰һϿˣϿ
ǮϿ￴ӹķ羰һп˵
سѡ˳֪ȥؿڡΪǮ˵ҪĦһغۿڵľӪռһЩԽ鱨
Դӵõ̫ĿޣǮÿ춼˼ѪһпյͷڿسжǳרСҵױרУһỹûġȽźеĶǮӵĺҲû֪
һϿͷûˡ
ȽŲòشһͰˮ
ͷǶæĿ˻˸ۿڣΪϿ̣óʮƵ
һϿϽϿϲĵλ㲻ñˡ
ڸ˭
˵Ǯزˣڲ½뷨ɰûһȻ˷ʼ߶ȥҪѡ³ַ˵´ڿ²һʿרֶ֧ҩ
֮ǰļˣͩ򽼵ǿĵز͹áڱչҩͩĶǸҵѡһʵĳء
ǮϿԲ°˵
Ƚ֪ϻǰҩͶǮ
˵ǽϣʵӦ̫˼Ȼ̫˵Ǿ仰壡
ΪˮĻᣬֻһöʾã˽ȴڿⲦ֧֡
лʵ۲ιɣ淽ҪֵͷԾˣĻ
Ƚ̲ס΢Ц
Ǯ˿ҪúþӪǰܹ˱µһ
١ٺ١
ǮϿЦһûٷųʲô׳Ȼ
Ƚתͷеļ߹ȥ鿴
˺ԩ
ԩ
ǮϿһ㶡
ʲôԩ
֪ǴӾɾؿڵĳ𳵣;ж˺ԩҲҪصĿذɡ
ܿ죬
ԩǸϺ˵ǡ˵ǶͩˡԳԼҵĶүռˣŮҲ°߻ףҪ飡
رı˵ĿĿİͰ͡
¹Ǯصɼң˭Ҳרֻһһʮػ㱨
ϺѾߵһѱһᣬͷؿĵѪŲǼٵġ
ɺںҲаŮˡ֮ǰʳʱǼλɣǸеͷԼҴŵЩҲû
дϺɶʱռ˵ĵأ
ǮϿһվغ
ȥ˴˵ʲộҹŮĸô
ڻš
ҪȥˣһֱһûȽźȻ˿ڡ
ȱ𶯣ҾòԾ

ǮϿתͷŭ
ǲԾⲻѪ𣡣
ҾϱһŮҪôظ˭ţǮϿﻹȱһ𣿣
⻰Ǵʵ
Ϻԭ׼׸ŮţŮǮϿǮȻҲûʲôǮƣö׸¿϶ܣҲûˡ
ԺҶϰϼҲƶŮŮģǮؼпгôͼµһ
ݺ
԰ݺ
Ƚŵ˵ͷ
ΪʲôҪݺˣ
Ϊ̫ټ
ǮϿϰԵ˵ԼľȻкȻһеȽɵ˼ˡ
ˣ̫ټĵص㶼ѡƫ˽в֮أǸϺô֪гϵġ
ʯ֮䣬ǮϿص˼ке
ץסץס⣬
û˵꣬һļС
٣Ҹƴˣ
δ䣬ը
һɾ޴ĳ˳һˡгϵĲ뱻飬Ƚűù˼صײϡ
ڱըλڳ󲿵Ӵֱը˺λ뱾ڳӣҲƻ˳֣Ƚڵĳѹ죬Եµס
ڶ֪߱һ
ǹ־䡣
ڲΣյʱ򣬼Ȼ˱ըǾͱԷҪ㣬˸¥¼ĽѵĿǳұĨ˲ӣ
ζԷĿҲȷǶǮϿԤ֪ǮϿ֪ȥؿڣгʻڼ֣һԤıϮ
أǹ𣿡
Ƚҧ
ĽŤˣȷûйۣͷһӣ¶ײʹ
ᡭ
ǮϿﵹûʲô󰭡
ò˵ʱ־ǵǱϡǮȻҲ˦ϣ˵ر·Ŀ϶ӱײеκ֫¡
̽ҡ
˻Դ
ǹ˵ϻܴԲһѣУ
ȽһǹȻְһǹ
ЩǹƷ
Ȼ˾ɾȽҲջһ˾ǡīڴѧԺϰףīѧӻԼоɹȥĹǰݡȻȽżݵͱ˲һ֪Ĺеλ˶úûһʱա˵ҲָɵƷлҪлġ
ǹϳɰҵģͣú¯ģͣǰʡ
ĳ̶ֳϣ˵һС͵ҲΪ
ôĶΧܸܿϹ˿϶кУǰȫԱһս䣡

λͿؽĶǶľòǮϿָӵȣǾѾԶսС飬ѳΧܲ͸硣
ԤϵȻһԤıԵϮҼ˸¥¼һޣáˣȻһˮ㡣
ϧ֪ߵĳ֮䶼ţʵ赲סһֳûи̫
󲿷еĶսټȽȥݼĹЯС;𲹸ܿǰɱǳ˿ͷ
硪
ѹгΪ壬ǹŭĻ档
ǾȽźʦͬĵǹ˵ǹʵѾӽǹĳΣڽսʱӵг͵Ļ
硪硪硪
ϾڴӺɱӺĿأĻ֮ЩͻϮɱɱ֮СƣսԷ붼롣
ԵϮǺȻսҪҵػʱǵĵһӦסе㲻Լںδ
˵ɱǸӺĹ٣°ǸȽյСӾͿԽЩģǲӦñը߻ˣ
õʲôǹΪʲôһش裡ôܼĻǶҲܿģֻȥװ
Ǳ˿ˣ


99 
͵Ļǰ͵Ϯİҹǳ˸ֻſԶ󣬲Ҷ
˲ˣ˻ܵס
Թ㰵ɱûдĵģ֮صѡڱܵشǿ׼ߵҪʱ䡣
ҵ˵طɱʹսˡ
ĻʹƻģԻըҩҲ׼ʱ䣬ĵȵгʻָλá
ҹֻ֪һг㱻ͣҲᱻ̷֣ըλλشɽܼгҹʻǸĺõط
û뵽ԷȻֱӷһö޴챬
ʵɱҲûʲô⣬͸оһƬҹĻʲôһͷ죬Ȼ󱬷ҵǿ⡣
ʲô
̲סĸ漴ס͡
ɾǾҹһ仰ǱĶ䲶׽
Ƚ΢΢̽ͷķ͵һۣȷԼղ˺
̫ˣΪһĶˣ˭ûпڴܵĳأ
ܾڶ߱ԵĴҪΪӪʿͳɵĴﱳк֧֣Ѿѹ˴ͳܵ³˵
ǺܣǺ
Ƚŵӷɿת
һ֣ͺѲϵ˵˸¥¼Ҳͬһıģֶ̫ˣ
ɣȻ¶ݣǾͲڣ
ɱߵͷĿҧҧ
ֳľ³ڴӺǹ֮£ʬ嶼ûҲ˼͵ϮϵؾˣҲ˸㵽һЩǹ鱨
ǹȻܹȴֻܴ߷߷֮ҪϻʱյǿѸͻ
Щ˵ļһʹΪǰ
´˽ָ
ʱޣǱսپҺСģһڶ
Ϊֳ
һ£ɱǿʼ˵ͬΪǰ
ʵǸȥץЩӺˣӺԼͬõ֮飬Щʷš
ˡ
ȥץ˾ͱԭ۷ŶԷĻ
οղǸֵĴ죬ڸؾָ˷ò˶ãصͻѸٸϵǺܻܿᱻŴ򹷡
ǣͬİͲҽУɱǿʼǹĻһǰ
ͬǺܿûϢѪԣɱǷһХ
Ǻܿ죬Х˲ҽСͬҲѪֵ֮סܼĻܱܿһ⣬ʧȥ˵ֵĹܡ
µǣԽǿᣬԷĻԽͣûдϢͣ٣ɱߵͷĿʼԼ˻þ
ôأ
ǵǹѵը𣿣
ôĵ裿ûп϶ģ
ҲԥĹԶǴӺˣ
ȵѲ߾ǿĻ𵯣ѭŷϵֳ
ʲôˣ


ǹͣˣɱץסᣬɿسųͻѲ߱ԥǵǹȲɱߵķǹһöԷȥ
ǧһ֮ʣǹĻٶȴ򿪡
֮ǰȫᲢۣһͷ꣬ɱ˲ֵһƬ
ֻʣͷĿһ˵ĸѹһСɽº󣬽˲á
쵰˻
Ѳ߱ҪȴӵУֹ
ָָҹĻŵĻ֮
ȡˣ˼ռȻῴ費Ҫæɡ
ǵģ֮ǰʱǽ㸲ĳоʹ˶ǮϿĺȱݡ
ڰǶȺݲļһ⡣Ѳ߾˫ͣ𣬳Ǳӣɽµ˳û£˼һѹҲûʲôÿġ
ⲻǡ
ɽµˣǵݣ
УɱǺ
ݣȻǽܵ
ûлش
ɱǲش𣬶оͨٻͬ鶼ܴˣڻ˭ὲӺֻҪһھͻᱩ¶ݡ
粻˵
УֺΣʼûش𡣷ǳǱһֱڴ˵ľõ˿͵ĸ͡
ԭ¹ʸշʱ˿ʹӺĳͼԵˡ
˭˭ǣһĿȻ
˵жעڣ
Ѳ߶ӶУ´
ʱ򱱿ҲϵˡӵУǱͬŸΪϳԼһ޵ǹ
ţڴӺĵؽϣĿǰǹĲһǺˣǹȴһǻˡ
ǶֵǱɽǿǷźţصǰ֧Ԯ
ݣѲ߶ҲæϡҴɱ߱׽жȥ
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ҶǰŪˣĺûһ֪ǻûܴô൯ǹأ
ɳĴһ棬䷢ʽǹԴá
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ġǰϻ梁̫ˣֱǹ󡭡ޣڣ
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ǽҪϮء
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ڴӺĵؽɱһ֮ףЩǳıӵôȻǵĵͷ¡
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£뺣Ѳϵˣ


100 
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Լҿس˴ưոݣȻҪ׷鵽ף
ϱΪȽˣǮϿʱڱĻͣգǱҽõȽһӳص㱣еĶ֮⣬ݿͰľҲҽΧල¶ԷֱĻ͸
ڶ磬һ̨˻ҽõĲ𾯽ľǰѯʣ֪ȻҴүǰ̽̾
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ҳҡҡͷ
ӺĿ֮λɲϮľλûӽӰࡣȻʷϲصҲǶ㹻ɫܹɹλڽٿʵڲʡ
ǮҲ棿
ǵġ
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ҳһ·ҲΪɳ౨ᵽϮˡȻĿǰѾûд󰭣ɰֻǸСԱɱȲЩУڣ
Ҵ̤ңĺſϴ̨ķ羰
ǵش֪ϰĸɽ¡淫ǰ֪򼸺޷ͨУΪûܹЩ಻ɽҵ·
ھͲһˡ
֪Ѿ˴ӺĻƽˮ·֪߸ɽͬ˴ӺͨҪ
Ƚǰûǣ붫;ɾȫһķ飬еԣҳɽŶûע⵽
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賿·ֱͻϮ˷ϵʹ죬ҹǰؿڶսս¡
ҳΪǮϿﲻ֪жϾ·뷢ǮϿҪ֪㳲ܲѹ
͹ǮصԻ·ֻǮӶ˵ͷһȻı顣
ţ֪ƻҺͳƽһƶġ
ģս϶ܴӮ

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ţȽˣضᵺʱһЩ˾ãͲˡ
ȽűһãȻ
ᵺʲôϵƻǲͶ
еǮص뷨ˡ̫ټ϶ܲȥ뿪ݻɶڲᶯļ
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ȻҲ֪ʵԲŻϮ걳졣ȻѾȫԱװֺԶǹӦԺֱܼӦ֣ȫûԷһᡣ
η·ᵺݱ³ķҲڴս
Щ£ҳǲ֪ġ
ڶޱȵ˼·УǮϿ治ϵȻΪֶˡ
Һøȥ˰ؿڣζͨغչжȵлҲ֮򲡲ǰҲжǰȥԱ
һǶսʱκ©жҲܳʰ˲о֡
ҳ磬ȴ֪ͬһʱĶ׵ȴȫһУֻǰһжսµ֪
ֻԶУļҿ촬ɵ˶ϵı϶һֵĽܣеͨڼܣֱڼ࣬滹ŵһ⣬Сֶ̣ʲô
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׿漴ҡҡͷ
ڣڵ״Щݱ͵衣
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ѹгһƬǳ̲˽Уֻͽˮ档ϵĺܶϸȻڹ걳ʧԺ󣬺ָǲµĻ⽫һҵĶᵺ½ս
׿̾һ׼ӿȥʱ׼֧ԮȴԶչͣڽĶȻ˶
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ЩͷװƬͷѵʱĵƬɢɳһ籩
̲ϵĺܶ˵ͷȴ㲻˻ҩĽ籩˱ƬͷѪ˱׵գиùģҪ
̲Ũ𣬴ܡϡɽ䡢Сźܵİ
һĳȴֻǸʼ
Ӻ󣬵ڶַٶȷ䡣ζȡ˵ڷȴļ˽Ƕȣֱָ³կϵĺͷ졣
ķƣȴܾ׼мͷĿڡͷڵǽ屻У˴ǽը˰ߡ
ͷöƬȴʹԣҧǹƴֻϧµСආѾ콵˵ֻԼɢӣҲû׷ͷֿ
ȻغڻȼյУźȼգܿͰѳϵĳկһƬ𺣡
ˣԭһҵĶᵺ½սַ˼ķʽѸٿβܼûл֮ǵĵֿ֮Ƿ׷׹򵹣־ܡ


101 
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һԵĸһ
͡ˣ
ԣ׿ҡͷ
ֻ˰̲ϵĺܣϿ϶һЩ幤С
˵˶٣˼
ϵͷ챻һڴˣʣµĶЩƵں֮ڣҲʲôս⡣
˵ͬص˵ͷ
ȷ̴ҪǻҲûսˡ
ξõСڵͷһμԵЯҲڶᵺ½ʱܵá
׿ڱ濤غͿξְԱξǰ֧ԮԸĶһţ˵Ҳûʲô˼ɡ
̾˷
Ȼã뺣ϵĽڻû취ȡҲǶûеõĺҪڻ̲֧Ԯ½ǲѴֱӿαôСظСأ
Ҫǻң϶ô򡣡
׼ô򣿡
׿Ƥ
һߵĺǳ̲Ҫôû̾͵øǳڽʯ
ǿû϶ûаôΪûбҪǳ̲Ȼϣ˫ڶԷСǰ
˵׿תͷ賤
֮ǰ䣨ҳɣĲᣬôûСڡ
ȷûС
賤еԶĿͷ
Ĳֻǹݱ⣬ûƷĲᡣ
ȻҲпǶ˽Ҳûʲôֵģ˭Ҳѹ׵ĺöǱı֮ǰҲǿԼҵ
ȻˣСڵ¾Ϳᵽ̸̨СڻЧ䵥սĻҲƣЩԱá
߾Ķ죬ϣСϮţպÿЩСͻӦԡ
ս½һݱ֣öһ¡
˵꣬׿תۣһĨս⡣
⿴˼Ҵ۲ǵĽúͺҶҲջˡ
·ɳƽָӣɹո˳졣
ïͷӢ£ʱзǿķϵֳһֱ֧Ԯĵ½ս˺½漣ս
ˣ԰ʱ𶫺½ݵ⺣뵺Ѿȫջء
ս賿ɾ̫ŹΪױȻǣŶȥ˹е
Сʵ˯죬һ·ߵÿĿİŬĸ׵ĽŲ
һߣһСʡ
ĸôΪʲôǻҪȥѽ
̫ͷ΢Цؿӡ
ǰ߽ʿԡѪսոʧءҪϢһʱڡ
СʵƶǶȴסһĸϵı顣
ĸݣ㣬ףĸ˵𶫺˵ӺѾָʱĶͼĸЦݣȦȴЩ죬˶ڷ⡣

ĸױָŴλȺ
ǱǴӺûʵ۵λãǵļҲ
һҪûʵۣĸڶߡߵЩ㲻ҪѧԺӺջǵļǣ

Сʵ۵˵ͷ
ȥѾˣѧľԼȵֺֺš
ʵ۵ֺкܶ˵һֱ㾫һʵ۵һ
̫桢̫ڡۡ͵ۡڵ۵ȵֵλȻ໭ȫȻͬ˰ۡۡϵءĵ֣ǵļҲŶˡ
ǵðҪûʵ֪ۡΣ˲ɣŪе⣬ֻҪѡˣӺһܹúõȥ
̫
ʱû̫ļӣеΪӲĵͨס
㽫Ҫȥȥߣ˰ͻƽϼҰɣ徲ԼһţҲҪˡ

һҹӺͬһҹδߡ
ոʧص߱ڵһʱ䷢ȫʮſʮز˵Ŀ֪ȫյϢиӡ
ЩǸˣЩĽЩǼɵЩ֪ط־Ȼоʮֻ̿֡
׼ôĶջˣ
־ĸתȦʱʱͳӷӰЩԣ㲻׵Ϊʲôôż
۲ĺʲô˲õģԭǴӺĵطָֻû˶ѣҲûǮϿռʲô˰
ޣ㶮ʲô
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ĶߣȻ󰡡
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һصϮһҪж򶫺Эص
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ǰжǰ棬صƲطơڶϣصȼ뵺ҲһҰʼ¶˵עĿС
־Ҫľֹע޵˾ǶǮϿΪ˲ϧǮϿϾ͸¶´ϣúʰһСӡ
ǣʵʵڼڿ󲻺ôΪʲôҪڳô£˲Ҳ
ϢǴӶһõģԷͬʱṩȽɵ鱨˵ĺܶ仯Ƚйء
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ǮϿǳȽɣӾΪ˵ȽɵĻűֻʰظéޡ
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ȶػҪ
־һ񼡣
Ƚɵʲôˣôú忴أ


102 
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Դ˽һϳԵͷͰԼ鵽´湲ͬ壬һһظԷϡ
ܿ죬ϢˣӺĶȷㄺ´δһʧأò˻صԶㄺĵ
´˺Ҳô¼Ȳ˼飬ݽһĺܻرսвʹǹ˿Ե˸صСڡЩǴδȴܹУʮ˵ǡ
µ˼ӦΪ֪صݣЩǻ᲻ıйϵ
ݣ֣
־ܵҪҡͷ
ôأ
ûеĻݱôĳľǲǸˣ˵Ǻ޵ĸ߼пܡ
ʹʹ棬ǲȥľľġЩ˶ǵĻֵĿȣԸ񼫶ˣԲͻǡ
֮ǰ˵ļƻչΣ
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ʧˡ
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˵գú˾ʲô־֪ʲôû
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ϵսʱǮϿӦûδ֪ƽôĵӣ
һ˼ı龡ԷСʹЦһ˵
ṩ鱨ûģһʮ͡

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ʹߵܣ˳Ż䣬ֽ˵
һ¼ƻ
־һ¼ƻͷۡھеѱʵڲִʲô¼ƻ
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·һ˫Ĵ֣һֱڰʵ෴ķŪ𽥼Ӵ
ݳԺ󣬼ʱϵïͷ˺ܡ
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һʼȽDҲûż÷ʦˣȻϱǱȻлرʹߴ˼ʵʧڡ
ǽ̲סˡոϢһҪҵһЩȷĳ룬øԼ԰ĵɡ
ȽDʱ򣬷켪Ѿ߷Բһйע
ֵӣʰһԼš˵ЦѾһѣ̵ȥǰá
һǰã켪ϻ˸ɷǵģ۹۱Ǳǹġ
Ƚү
ʦ
ȽD˹֣żĽչ
ǰÿÿ˵ʦӲģ͡ȽD⣬ǵ˴ʦҲøȣʵ̫࣬ʧһ켪

ķ켪׼ȥ鷿ȡһĲͼ
ͼǰ͵Ķд֣Ǹծ֮óĶ̬ʮ֮Ը
СӻҪǸưѾͷͳܾˡ
ʲôأҸ׵СΪʲô⣡
ҲΪСͳͼֻֽһ룬ҪıưѾͷ
켪һڣǷ⸽˺÷顣
Ҳ֪ĽȻ̸ͽд֣⹦ЩƸã絽ɻгƨ׵
СǾԼӲˣӡ
Ǻǣʮأ


103 
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ЩȲؽӹͼֽһжʱࡣ
ǵģûǷ
Ȼеģе㲻ͬǸ־ԵҶβǲϴģĽǶȶȫͬ
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˷ʦϣҲČ^䣬ҲƾŷͶµ
ɵӣۼʵ̫ƫִČ^ƺҲû̫壬ԼԤ׼˳Ժٳַ֡
֮ȻȲ˲֮ͶĳɱҲԽСܱˮһյĽ
ڵȽDʵѾʼܺûôˡ
е˸¥л˺󲻾üж֮λʱļϿغ¿ؼ˹ӣֵжĿѣȻҲûȥ⺣ر
ڻ¸ۣɶ¸۵½ϣǴ󹫹ǺȻԽ籱ϵㄺ·¹Զַ·λսе˵ĴӺʾ˸ǩԼֱ
Ϣһ¾ԻȻ
֪ԭӺȻ˺޵λ֮еܽˣ
˭·¹ĻʵۣӺʲôϵⳡԼǲûõô޶˾սٱǿмлΣվ档
һʱ֮䣬ӳʸ֮ģ쵼ɸǱͷòȻ˳
ʵǩǷԼҲԲԸг۸е߷ʣ³֮еӺ·¹ıӺѧӿŸļ
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յϢȽDҪˡ
͸оԼԺһֻ֣ÿҪǰʱֻ־ͻǿаͷת䣬ֻվһ·ϣؿŶķ羰ķ
ڻз켪ʦڣȷ껹ڣ
뵽ȽD켪ĿԽң÷ʦЩëֱ
̲ס룬ɵүῴԼ˰ɣ
Ҳûܡ˭ںͬҴʦƾ޾ݾˣóԺúȵĹţɵͼ
켪ʱеš
Ȼ̰ɫõȴɫȽүȨƣһҪǿԼǺã
ǽŵĵڣȽD˵ˡ
ҹȻûʦв֮ˣͼֽˣسƷò˶ñܳˡ
ʱҲͷʦԶ֣˰ͼֽϵЩӴʦЩͼֽɡ
˵ţŷ켪˹֣źζ뿪СԺ
켪վԺУͷĥȽD˵Ǽ仰
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ֻҪܽͼֽǷ켪ʦɵү˼ɣδظҶԴʦ֡
ߣܿͶһ¶ңɵүĿƣ
ţ켪ȥ鷿һŤŤĹ壬ԶڶĶдһš
ҪưѾͷ÷
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⡭
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ǰŵĺûɺҲðշִ磬ʲôⶼٸʵ׵ġ
밢ŵ飬ǽȤͶĻϣκܵһѻʳڣǵ־Ҫζˡ
ǣȻ˷ϵǲֱһʴô˵ҲӣµҪ
һӱƵҳΪѣȥͷʱЩĲɣԥ˰쵽û˵ڡ
ľǺܿˡǮϿһϲĽţԼս⣬صһݱķ˵ɱ˺ܷ˾Եá
ҳɶɵˡ
ǡǸӦǶľԻ𣿣ΪʲôǮؾ˳㶼ɻˣ
ôҲǱص׶ӣǮϿͲǵĶԻ𣿣
ҳ֪ǮӲйܣʮϣݱ»Ϣù׿㡣
ǮڶԱĻгͷԭȴʮּʱڼӹѿ󷽣㶼ƽϣǮʮ⡣
ϲ׿Ĵˣϣܼ⡣
ȽҲͬ뷨
֮ǰûи֣ǸϹʣԨлҹõһϣݱֻķ֮һڻķ֮ĸϴͷֿ⣬ÿһ춼гɱݱֺҪµĶš
֮ǰлҩʱȽŻǹʵҲǴͬ˼ֻлϾĹٳڻļֵ׿ĿǰЩԥ
ոսЩԥ˶¶ġǮϿ֮Ҫ֪ȥؿڻʵҲΪ˸ʱѲκߣúøԼұһƹ㡣
ٺ٣ѾڳЩ۾ԶĿӮǮݷǮϿʢ


104 
һԤıƹ֮ãʼǰɾгϡʱǮϿѾõ˶жƻ̾뵽һɶõ̻
ʲôոõʽأûǮվžܰˡ
Ȼ֪ӵĴɱȷܾգǮӻΪ˺һϡȥ͹ȥϱݻȫʱԲõ
ǷĵǮӿʼδ
ӵҰУ¯ĳֻ֮һиҿ󹺵ĳ֮
ΪڶոϢ鳯УϾͻ˹̽ڷ磬һҲûжı֮ӣһȽͷ˵˵ȥЩƨС£ȫؼģǰǮϿˡ
СôͲϹأ컹ҹ˻أӵĻᶼ𣿣
֮£Ǯֻ󣬸ʵҳʾһʲôеʽҳһʼϹԼСڲپܾϴԡ
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Ϊʲô˵
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ҪõʲôҵģֻҪǴӺľӣ˭Ųأ
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ҲҪģôûڲƷĲϿ
Ҫ̽ʵϢҳԼҲ֪һԵˡ
ȽŸ򵥽һ·Ȼʡ˸ԨȽDݣֻ˵ԼڸֶֶŮżȻ֣պöжᵺ󣬱һʵ
ΪֻСģ飬ͼ¼ƣҪȶķĲᣬ϶ҲҪġ
ĿǰʵսЧڵƷ
Ƚ˵ĺʵڡ
ϾǻǹҲеսõģҪԶΪʱ
һ˵Զҳɵ۾̾ˡ
Ҫ̽ϢȻҲһȨٿϴϣ˵Ҫһ
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ˣŰŵı¡
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о仰ûѽ
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ǮϿʱ֮ӣʲôʲô֮ļ죬ÿš
һÿƽغͺԭش忤ǰοԼҵЩµǮأ˳ٴ̽һ¶䱸Ļװ
һǰµ۵ǻ·ؽϴ󳯣û˴ǮϿġְλƫԶСأڳеĻȨԺԲƣƽϴ󿤷С
ˮתǮҲüˡλض̬ȻʮºͣһǰڴʱȻͬһҲЩϿɡ
ǮϿӣϱ϶ɣ鶼ǻ̵ģܿͺλػȻҲû˰
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һ
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˵īڴѧԺʱȽɻЩ飬һһ⣬Ҳůգ䳡
ȽŹ˽ȫ̶ûķʮ֧͸߼һ̸֣ʱºԲڣúʮġ
һۣҲתһЩ˼ȽȻҪȽɸֵá
Ĳ˵ϪĻʺκлصĻǰֵвȫύ˵˼һǹɱȸ֯԰Ҫˡ
ʵл˲٣ϡϲ뵺ҪúϪʣǮϿĴÿһܵԱҿбжս͡
ǮϿ֮ĵõ˳ֵ㣬ÿ춼ˮһݵƮƮȻֻس·ߵøЩźá
ţ͵жͶı߽硪ص


105 
صӺں뵺֮һҲǰ˵ΨһԴģֲĵطҵԴʮַ
Զص֪ؾͳ˵еһˡ
ȻǵһҲϾǵڴӺٳڱ߽߱ǽǵλ˴
ϾһСܹũɣԣվȲ½ı˵ɽ߻ʵԶʲôɼҲױǨûʲôָ
֪ط־ʮ꣬ʮǰΣΪһ㣬һֱ֪صλϣȴݡ
뵱־ҲĲܽϲĶǺôҲǸһ֮ס
ɸһ뷨˺ܶ࣬ĶΪȽ֧֯ţڴӺĿƫϣҪҲô׵¡
ö֮־ģϺĴ´һһؿ˽׬Ǯ
ڼͳǮϿϵΪľòԳЦӭǰѷ־ܻˡ
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Щ´ɹֵĺʿƫִ壬ɲ־Ŀơ
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ҲԤõɡ
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Ȼͷ֣ǸϵĻƾȻŲߵԱߣӷŵԲмתϣ
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մӺǣͣϲ˵λÿ϶ĩλĩβһ㶼Ǿ帺д˵ˣλͣԱ߶˲ʾԿ˵ء
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106 
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¥кˣȷǺܻǱʲôαװɻǱص
֪ط־֪ô
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Է־֪ϵݵġ
Ȼ֪Ƿ־Ϊʲôȡж
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ȽŵĿͶ⣬װڿ羰ʵڹ۲¥ĵΡ
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Ӧòǲң˫ں
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ǰѾո˷ϡʹ죬صϵĺĺѾɨһգսҷѲܻǺǲʱóȻġ
ҲܣжĺΪ֮սжͱɴվԱĺҲսûԲͻᱻץš
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ڣ˻򺣿Ϣϵͺ˵ˡ
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ˣҪˣ


107 
Ĺ¯Ѿˣʧȥĳȫ֧ţҲҺͨͷĵطǸµصʱάһٶȲ׷ϡ
ͷҲеˣͶֻؿԼԷİΧȦ
ӭ治ϽӽеĺӰȽŵľ˲˹ȵס
ζû뵽Լ˽Ȼ˶ĵĥѣھ붫һ֮صǮؽ˵Ҫ
󷽵ǮϿѾʼƿڴ
ڵɱ֪ߵʱҪ̫࣬Ҫ֪ط־ѱ䡣Ǯζ벻ͨ־ӺĹĺúõģΪʲôҪȥܻߺʿһ˲ͦݶԵôϵȥĿضмһأ
ѵ˺ܷЩ񡱹ˣ
ķ־ѹͶУһӶú
Ҳ֪뵽ʲôȻƵضų׷
׷׷ɣܵԽԽ죬Ȫ·ȵͶ̥֮ǰöǿûǴӺأǵԮѾǶɣ
ģ׷
ʿͷһ䵶
ܹöӺģоһ
ȻϵֻʮˣһδӺʹ˺ܶȽĻû׼Ԯ
ҺӺٻ²ҪĶҡ
ģ
硪硪硪
ǼöŵǮϿְͷ˻ȥ
ҺȽǸɿɿĳͱأʵǳ塣
Ҫ˵Ǯ治Ǿ籾ѡ֮ӣĵڣԶƽߴĺӰѾѸٽӽ
ȽԭѾܹ׼ֵҲûԷ֣ڼԺ󣬶ԷԽнٶȡ
עΡ
һϤĺȽŶʱۿ졣
ȻԮ
ϵҲʾѸٵض塣ǮҲԼμĿ϶㲻¶ͷȥΧۡ
ЦǶľӢŵĿɲһһҩĻ北˼ĵ꣡
ҪԼСıˣҲˡ
硪
˲䣬ܼǹ𣬺ʿӦ
һϤӰȽŵĴߣתͷŰܵĳͬǰҪ£ҪܰѳȥͷǱжսڽӦ
ȽӦ£Ȼ󿴵תͶս
ԽԽŶų෴ķнм仹жĽʿз̡
жͶˣⳡصӦûᱻƽϢ˰ɣ
ȻеҺڽշѣ֮ǰ֪ϮԸɳǮһ̣˿ԷһĻᡣ
ҪǷ־¶ڹڵĶӻ֪ҪضáгһǶս£־Ҫ򿪺ŵǣǲҪ⣡
ڵľѾʮֿͷΪêò³УΧҲжжϱһ·оս
ϴʱжУٻһڶĽʹѡⲻһսã浽˲ɱеʱװսĲڳ˻ĸս
ͦ͡пġ
ϧпҲûãжĵλעлﲻѸԴͶŵеϣעĻҵũ
ǹǿ϶ǻеģҲ񶫺ѻãʾͲˡ
ʱԺս׽
ʵ˵սҲ׼ȷ׷ʿһӾͱˣʣµʱǴɨսо񣬲ȷصҵķΧ
־һԲ˵һʱͱץסˡ־ԼҽⱻץģĵضٻլԺĸŻȥһȻͱ˸š
һʼ֪صףöԳ͢
Ծʲôû־ƸŲǣܿһӡ
Ҫ鳯͢Ҫʥϣ˽̣޺ݣ
𿴷־ʿͷ첻ҴɶЩͲôˣˮãҪ塣
ЩĻɱˣǰȺȴ˽ͷعصȻƣֻҪҵᣬͰյߵڰףɹ
ϧһΣ־ˡ
ʿͷҴصôϲָ̣ӾͷһһѲ飬ͣĳͷһ洬ջ񡪡ֳԼ־´ͨš
ǻڷҵѵ˷־İˡѶϢͷӰṩģͱض˵þŻһ¾¶ʵ飬׵˸ɾ
ʵӰҲ֪ԼôҪĶ־´˽ĹЩŶӷӰСƽվͻӻ޶ȣ֪ԼǮף²Ҫһ·
Ĳۣ־ڷӰЩڴģŶҲٳЩӻͷ
һηӰѾ˶֮꣬ͷû̽׵ļҵ׵Ǻһס־ƽʱԷӰе٣Ƶ÷үֻȥ͵׵١;üнԿӦþУû֣ȳȫȫ
ص˳̫͢صּҪӳ־뺣ܹһ¡
ǵģȻ֪뺣Ѳ˸ϵ־ʼҲֻ뺣һ´ϵϵʿԳ³˵Ĵڲ뺣ٷйء
֤ݵƺͶˣ˽ͨı͢٣˽Ĳ̰ī˰ȴʵʵڣ͵Ŵһ£ն
˵̫µּΪ־º֡ٺ٣ҿ̫׿ڼνĿأ˵ǰ¾㹻һƽ
ݳȽǮϿ̽˵Ƚɣ̲סӺٳµİԡ
ص֪һְǿճ𣿳밲һɵ۽ΡǶ¸ۼ֪ص˰뼶ʤڵطãˮࡣ
۹һ£ҸصλýԼȥ˵нǶѪڳнǹؼʱ̣ѲҲıˡĵ¸ͷϡ
ٺ١
ǮϿЦһ
۾ûص֪ȱжصλأŲطȥ⺣뵺СӵĿɸء
ϧ¸뷨һ˼Ϊ㣬ⲻ֪˼ҿɲǽΪǱأ
˵˶٣Щصѹ
ʵ۴ӦҲ̫ǹء
¸۸ߵ̫ˣСˡ־ξǸ˽̫ͨȥصҲ֪ܰ
λĵ¸ǰľǰİͷжȺһϵβϣ˵̫յѡ
̫Ƕжˡ


108 
Ƚžã̫˵Ƕжģ˵ǶԳӵɲġ
ȻĿǰΪֹû֤ͨݣ޶ԴӺ̬ȲѺãҰȻңܹױɡ
е¸ҲûʧƣϾԼ֪صģҲûּǿеΣǸ˳¸档
㣬ĥ˼ҵȽСŶѱˣ
Ȼȫȫβصݣɩӵַѵɲôģÿճ˺ҩǵͷѵ
žʮԩ
ʥΪֲҪȥľɾ˵ⲻû
ȻЩһֶ˵ԼҪһֵַ
Ҳǰģв̫ױʵҶһʲСοʽ𣬺˰Ÿɱĺɰ
͡Ǯˣľϣ
Ҫ˵⼸ŵͷûȼľֻϧƿһֱδͻơ
ԽԽһʿ֧Ǯűмȥ޵İԪ磬ܲټЩ͹ͼֽ
й·¹λսѾȼȻ໥̽ɾȴ£лǾҪóʱǷӦģкܶӺٹӵ˺޵ĶֻĿǰļ۸Ϊս֮ڴ½϶˵ĺյ°ķ޷֯Ʒ۸ǣĶڹС
ԨҲһ󣬾úиͷǱ㹺һ׼˵޷
֮ĵΪлһơǰ
ǵģСϳɳĿ涼һֻǰҩֿڷһá
Ȼ࣬һЩؼӡǰ԰罻֮ţлύ棬Ͼս˵ġ
ĿԸЩ
߱һֱۣ緢
ʩ޵µĻأʩ޸ģͣúͳͼֽ˵õ
Ƚȴҡҡͷ
ľѾͣԳһ壬ٻο˵Ľṹû塣
οҪĴǷƣͻơúͳȻֻǵһ̨һģһģЩҲֻƣָӺĽ˲ص͵ʦ˵ĳɹ
ʼգȽҪĶƵĳáȼ
ӺĽ˲С͵㹻ʱͿռ䣬ʵȺ޸õĶǰǰһ
ޣаɡ
Ԩе㲻֮ܵ֡ġֻҪܵõǹҪΪʷʤдģʧܵ˾㹱99%ŬҲᱻס
ذŵ뷨Ϊ˵һе֡ҩ޾ҲڶҴĸоֱˬ
л˵λСҪݷøү
ʲô񣿡
ûʲô
Ƚҡҡͷű缷üŪһ
˵ԪҲǵ˳ɼҵ͡вò׬ǮȻ˿ŷ˵㣬廹ǸŮ
ʲôֻ۾Ҹˡ
Ԩšסܵա
ǽ罻罻㶮𣿷չ£ϵһַʽⶼֳϲ̸ģǷ곡Ϸ
ʲôƷ㻹֪ҪﶼøҰҹΣ˵Ҿʹ죬ô͵˳ɼҵͣҪ˵ɼҴǰɣ
˵΢
ǰ浽˳ɼҵͣҲûи޵˼֪ǲˡ
Ȼе䣬ֲøԨ֣תӰſλС뵽ҡ
ϵǣ˾ȻҲİ֮ǰԨͬݵ
á
Щ㲣Ǳȫ
ðţʵΪ󡣡
˶٣˵
˵Ҫȥޣܴܲ
Ļû˵꣬ԨЦ
𣿡
ַ˾ȵĿУ˵ԼشӺǰշǵĹ֮١
һģʲôأҸԨôú𣿡
Ǻ
ͽշҲ֮ΪʵҲ˽⡣·¹пͶˣȴƫҪҹһλ˵ļңҪУڱصȷ⡣
ƫƫշǲҲѹָԨˡ
ҵԨҲ벻İ취Ź
յ°ķսڵάֻһϿ塣ͼѾϣǴ󹫹֪ʲôʱҪյάۣļ˻棡
Ȼ׺ʹһҪʸлңҲϣܹø㣬ʱǲܡ
һ뵽л˵ãɫԽ԰ףθһķ
Ȼл˵ö˻飬ΪشͳʼûкͶԷһĹϵ
л˵ö̫磬Ҳûпÿ찲ڼе廨żμһ罻ᣬͺͶ³Ĺһӹƽ㡣
³кܶ࣬ҲںģʮƳ磬ÿÿӦ궼Ҫ輧㣬Ʊյòˡ
ܿ죬˵л˵ڳңǸֵĺ輧һС
̣Լûʲôġлǽصˣ˽ںҲܳӰ쵽ĵλ
ֻû뵽ȻôͺֲĿĳС
岻ӻƷ˵뿪ؼС
յģ˺۶ڣΨж¥ҵĵƻš
ʼû⣬ɵ¥ݣɢĸкȻ˲ԤС
ţ׻һߣϢζ
֪ԼһǼˣҽеúΪл˵õ˼£ȻһѿشӴ嵽ǰ
ʶرۣȻ˶ȷ˳ȥζ
ž
˭ģ
ֽػ۵Ҫȴл˵þסͷȶ⡣

л˵йаŰδӵһߡ
ǸŮЦؿһУ߹ӲĺȰ
δô˻İɣ
ޣ
л˵һڣ§Ů˵֫һں
ʲô⣬ǸδޣδʱԻ޸ҵŮ˶ǡ
˵ţšŮһѣЦ
㲻Ҳǣ뵱л̫̫˰ɣ
ŮһЦԽߵصͷ
ֻһ΢輧ĸФ̫̫λã̷Ѿ޺ˡ
˵л˵õ
ԭǸͥʦںҲû輧߶٣ǹѧ׵ű̧̫̫
ݣл˵еšλԼĸǸ׵ңж⣿
лҵļҲģҲǸûм̳Ȩ˽ӣԳΪлļ̳ˣ
ʲôģ
Եл˵ѿڶ
ӽǶ³л̫̫ˣ
Ӻ檣ҾΪңûţлҵŮˣ
˵һ۵ڵһȻЦ
ǸС̣л汲ĸ֡Ժʹڼ£лֲ̫̫ϣס𣿣


109 
뿪л˵ڶµķӡ
ֻԼ˽Ʒл˵ԭʱл˵ôӴ̽ͷЦֲ͵һ
̧ͷ
ûлװڣԼ˵ĵ͸ŲĲ԰סı̱񶾣ԭл˲Լߣڰ׻ġ̰Ġ幷ª
һ뵽ʱĳ棬θһӿ
ʵҲ֪ӦȥĶֻ֪Լл˵õķӡȻֻǸС̵ŮҲ޷ԼδϣΪ³ǵĴЦ
С㣬Ҫȥ

ȥͷɡ
ʶش
Ҫغޣάۣ㸸׻Ҳˣڶ³ǣ
浽˶¸ۣɵˡ
¸Ŀʹȥģֳһ;÷θ
ȥֻѡȥȻݣûȥ޵Ŀ֣Ҫطˡ
Ǿ͡
ԥһ¡
ȥݵĴƱ
Ȼգл˵õѸǰݷãߵʱ˵漮Ȱпȥ
ȥݣʱݸոܺƳǲãеǲԫϱڣϵҲ㲣ŲҴҡ
˵ʤ̣ǱӦûᰲ˰ɡ
һ¡
λԶó׵ĺߵˣȥ޵Ĵ·ݡҪѡȳǻǵҪۻһδƱֱȥݻ㡣
뿪л˵ãϵĿõǮ࣬Ҫϸعӡ
ȵݸֽۣӵһجġ
Ϊ޾ƽţǰķ׵ĺ·˴ΣһҪһԺ
һС㣬ǲܴ˻ֻغ޵ģֻʱݰһԺĿʹһǮԽ׽⡣غ޵ĴƱˣ·ϻҪ֧ʳ͵ˮķãټϵȴʱĻǮ
Ǯãҷݹ
ⷿӵЦ˵
ö˶ģһ߸ɻһԼڻǣֻҪϳԿࡣ
һʼףΪڲȥʲôõĻơֱ˰쵽ſڵĸʾǰŲùĸʾҲгǲڸʾ°ֳ̯ˡ
˼Ҵ󹤷˳һЩ⿤Ҳ˹ע
ҵⶫģЧӦҪ˵ڽҩйܷͲĹҲҪ趫ҩ˼
ҵķٴҵķչǶǮҲиԸҵ»ָ
ӦƸһСݵķӹÿܻһʱ䷭뺣ⱨֽϵȤţ汨ԱȥѰزġ
нˮȻ࣬ȴø̤ʵҲ˸ıطò
֣ŮӣȻҪȱĵطʻһЩ
֮ǰл˵ۻݣԼĸоʵʵȺм䣬ָоޱʵ
ںޣֻз֯ܿŮ˵ӰΪŮйˣҸɡʴȵĳṩ緹ŮֻҪһ㹻йҪţԳǸϲŮ˺С
ڶһжһ
ȥ£֪һұר
ҲкܶŮˣ˵ŮڹλѾ޵ĸˣÿ͸ϵҪŻ뿪
ϢʱֱԼĶ䣡
ˣѾޣΪʲôҪǷô
Ȼǡ
ԱЦҡͷ
˼ҿȽҵ̫̫ȽǰǶ׸ôܲǮ
ҲװװӰɣó̬ʾһ°ģܸɵ˶ǣȵ˾ͿԻȥ̫̫ˡ
ޣʲôװװӡ
Ӱһ±ӵϣšһԱĶ䡣
Է²סֻ࣬ۿ˺Ͷװӣ˵Ҳɥģ
ã
Աš죬ֲҷֻڨЦŸԼޡ
˭ųű׼ҵģҪû취˭Ҹ̫̫
ɶ
ӵֶһۡ
Ҳ֪˼ҸɵĻ϶ɲ
Ҫ˵̫̫ؼҺȲˣ˼ҵɶҪôѧãż˲͵ˣ
һŮ˹ôһҳ̰ڣ㵱ӣӸ￴
Ա˵ˣı飬ǲȽȢŵϱų
תͷ
Ϲ߶߶Щ˵ģ¶ǰҲţͱԼǵ뷨
СҼңɱѧääȻҲֻڸСƱֽӡ
˵ţʱ䣬һȺ߳ţˮһӿϽ֣Сʳһӱòƴģʽ
ƴĹʽͳһ޲·ǸŮ
ʵ鷿˵Ҫĳɷ֣˰ûϢȳԷ
ʲôʱܳѽϷһϢʱȥأҪǳȥ
аȫҿеǼȹ
˵ĶЩճС£ڼҲԼĹ
ͺŮ̺ľͬŮҲڱԼ뷨
ҪǼϸһҪ뵱ʵ鳤ҺôҲƱҵ̩أƾɶܵ
ܺ˾ְô
ϡ档
ҲûʲôȽҵĸ˶ܹˣͨŮʵ鳤Ҳϡ棬ӺȻйԸơ
ԼҲǶģŮѧԺ
ںޣѧУֽСѧУڵĶѧұٵĿγ̣漰
ӦƸʱҲٹջƵԱŮޡʱû̫£ΪѧϰŮԷëǣһ֮ĴӺôеõ
û뵽ˡӺŮԶΣյĻƣ˵ȽҵλҲƱҵģڻΪ߻ΪߣԾڶĳС
ͽ˾á
һ
ѧôãһӵѧʣҪǶòǲ˷Ѳ𣿲һʼͲѧ
ȻѧǾ£Ůèӵʱ˭ǹĸĸèץҲԣ
ڣһ׾
бˣǲԱ𣬲ķͲòΪ㹻ǿ󣬲ͲòֻᱻЦԵʵѹ
ֻЩˣл˵ãҪӭУҪڱ˵ĿԼģȫ޷ƾʵų飬ԲŻУðͻᱩ귢
ԼԼ㡣
ΪΪ̫̫ĶӶԱԲŸ̱һ֣;Լܵ衣
л˵òѳĲ̹Ȼԣлһɫǡ̫̫֮ӡֻֻһЦ
жԶ
ǿʵƴģܵıŭֻñԽӺᷳ塣
ǵģ˺壬ƫƫԼϵδ
ҡҡͷ
׺ʹһţϸ˵һºл˵õ£ȻֻǮڶжıֽϿһ
ӼСл˵ԼӴ˼Ȣɣɡ
ǵġ
ڡ֮ǰиܺӺ֡
ᰡ


110 
ǽ˺л˵õĻԼ
Ԩ°͡
֪𣿡
һᰵıӾͿʼᡣ
׵£һʼûҸ߼ġ֪޽лңΪ˻ϧǮȥֲμ罻ᡣ
Ҫ֪ӶðװΣЩ˼ﲻٵǮԽл˵õĻԼʹһ
ǱѪͷ侲᰾еùġ
ǺڽԼǲôͻؼԸֵŭݳﰲˣԼһӣ׼ٻؼҡ
ţ᰾ͰĵļݳסˡŹңȴǲ⡣
л˵õֵȣûδ޻ػ˵жֽϵĹ棬ʱһҡ
ʲôôҽԼ֪лʲô˼𣿣
ǸƷòҸһĴү붼룬ҲлҿǸصĹѡƸţ֪֪Ƕҫ
ܿŭл˵Ծ裬һûƷ£ǾǻǮڴӺͺ޸ֽ϶˵ԼҪԼɡ
˿󾪣ҴӺҲӾֻл˵ãл˵õȻûкûһͨ䡣
ȻҴͰˡ
˵⻰ʱֹסЦ⡣
л˵輧̫͸ֱӴȥ
籾׼һάۣԼСĻȥۣ֮˵һʱ䡣
ǼݻЩݣиչˡҲû뵽յ°ķս£ά۾Ǳ̫ˣҵļᱻ
ȥһ𱻲
ԨЦһ
ȥܸɶܻܷ죿㲻ǸǶһۣߵʱϻҪһˣˡ
Ҫæʵʵݣǵ鷳ˡ
žԪǸ⣬Ը˵㶼ػί񣬾Ͳûָᰵı˵ˡ
ҲǳźиԴȻĶȥӣűСࡣ
ᰱ˵ۿ죬ۿžҪԱƫƫֱиүһ㶼򣬻׼Ͳпʵ
Ƚſۣο᰼䣬һ
дŸļˣԼһط
ȽһϿҡ
ԸشӺԴұĴͣʱ͵ص㶼Ƶģں޻ڴ̣ǲڹ涨ʱڸϵԼĵص㣬Ҳܵǡ
Ҳ֪ͼѾˣضзյģû취֤ҪôԺúÿһ£ҾñԼȥά۸׵
ӣòϸı˵öԣʱȷǰѼ˽Ӻʡ
ɵδԸ뿪ǼҵӪάۣҪ˵ô죿᲻á
֮дŸǣԸ鷳ˡ
ᰣԨ̲ס߶ܡ
ʶ𣿡
ûȽŰæ˵¡϶˶ԸԨ˵ʲôȻѾˣҲûҪȥܵӡ
ֻǺ棬ΪʲôԸæ
ʶ
ȽҡҡͷһȵؿԨ
λС㲻ʱǰǺɡ
Ԩ
ʵĲ죬ҲһشӺѣǸʱҪΪ˽ӽл˵á
ôһ˵Ҳ
ǶѵõĶܱţȻΪǸɿ˰
ˡ
Ԩֿǣһ⡣
ڻǰҩ׼۶٣
ΪҩܴԨԾҪΪҾһ׼̽һ±ܵԤڼ۸
һδȥ޵ĻǰҩСĲȽŵ˽ɻǰȽһҵ£ܿ춫ҩҪ裬δǰҪҪҩ۱ҪǶҩ档
Ƚ룬ҡͷ
ֻСҩĳɱ۸˱磬ȥǮϿһ¡
Ǯ˵ҿŰ죬ûʯС
˵ԨЦһ
Ҳ˭һ⣿
ţһȽҲģܸ綼ô֪ԪСͲԿ
Ǻ޶ˣپҲƴǹӣӦЩ׼δȻ
Լ뾩ľҪҪɹȥĹݣ֪ϮʱȫûˣĻ˰ɱ
֮صҪЯһЩҲ˱˶ǰͷ·ϡ
ԪߣҲЩɡ
Ƚ롣
ԶǹǹҩЩз÷Ҹ㣬Էһ
ȥĵطȻǽս·Ͳȫ˵ܾĻǰҩ˵þͻᱻ˶ϡ
ԨԴ˲顣
ʵϣһ·ҲоٵΣգҹõĽշǣ˸֪˶ˡ
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ɹ־͹ڣĶԶĳ˿ͣû˶ʧƷǮûô١
б
Ԩ°͡
ǵ賿һʱ﷫𺽣վڼװϿͷһȺμɵˡ
Ǻˡ
Ԩһ۾ͷ˶Էݡ
˵ò·̬ӺһЩ캣˷ֱ治ȴԨ۾
ǴڣȻɢʹڵͷͼá
һʹǰӺպþں˶ҵͷ뵽շǵҹãԨЩصҲԼ
շǵ游Ǻ߹٣˴СŸ׳뺣ǧ˿Ƶϵ͵ڴ˸ҵβͣһһ˵۾
ܾˣһѸ֣ͣͷ
ΪʲôſʹҪԿࡣյ°ķսһ棬ҪԭҪ˦ˡշǵĳѾΪĿꡣ
ӿʹʧԵϢԨ˿
շǸ鱨űȽģú޷׼ȷòֻǷƷûаܳ˿ͣ˵ԷĿĶ˲û̫Ȥ
ԨʲôϣǴŵϣǴɳؿĽšƶһսƻ׼ŻսеߣͬϷ·¹еߵĺֲ
ȻµԼһᱻŵ·¹λ֮עҪƷֻںյ°ķţһϣǺؿǼ룬ʵƽͻᱻƣսܻ½
սҪˣ


111 
ԪˣҰԼĻǰӻ־תһѾȼսĴ½
ԪǸвסˣԽΣվԽ˷ܡϲеıƣ˵˲үǡ
Ƚ˶ȰסֻܶЯСģȻȥˡ
˱磬ȽҲʼæµԼ¡
һԼеĲҵ
ȽһСʵ䣬Сʵ丽ĹĿǰҪȫʦ֯зĻǰҩƳɹЩƷύǊӵīҽжＰٴʵ顣Ϊҩʵǻص齨һʱҩѧС飬רż¼ܽҩٴʵеĸ־̡
ӱСС
ΪǻǰҩﶯʵʵߣӱӣսǰҩٴоС飬е˲ֹ˷ֻ̿֡
Χ˶īڴѧԺҽõĸ߲ԼֻҩƣȽɵָ»Եɺϵغϳ˻ǰҩԼԼ޷˵ĽŲ
뷨ÿ춼ڽУշת˯ţͷһһѵĵƫƫиŵ㣬ǲжƣһ빤״̬оͻȫעҲƺͰҩɵϰߣʼһʱû˷ֻǾࡣ
׵ƽ⡣
ԴӻǰҩƽҲ˵ҩãҲųӱȭˡ̬ƺǰûʲôɲӺɫóӱЩʧ
û뵽ȷԼ쳣ľȻһֱԼĸסƽ̸̸ֶΪŶ˽ǣʱһưѳĵһߡ
ԼУǊва
ǊīڴѧԺҽóīڴѧԺƵĽ̳ǵȻС
ǼȻǶУô;㲻УλʦУ治УҲ˼Ϊ㲻УڲǾ㻹𣿡
¼Ҿң佫˵Ǵǳֱףƽֿڣȴˡ
˼˵Ѿõ˴ʦϿɣʦˮƽԼоС飬ڴʦǰӦúúøɣԼеġ
ţһξУ
ӱĲǻˣԽƴǊڹеרעϸ£ʱҲ㡣𿴳ӱȭУҩҩ滹ǺֵģٴʵŶӺںǰҩʵҲһá
ǰҩĺϳҲҩѧƵķչǰīڴѧԺҽûжҩѧĿǷҽһѧϰΪĿǰӦĴҺעѾҪٴ顣
ΨһоùҺΪɱڸ߰Ŀǰû취չٴʵĽѧǴͳҽҩе鷽չá
ǰҩĵһӸı־档ȫС̽ЧҩʵҲǊѧԺרĿ࣬ʱҽ£רٴʵ˲š
ҪǿĿ࣬ȥһ¡
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вҩѧĻлǰҩľ飬Ҿʺϡ
ʦʺ𣿣
ӱǾȣȻǴӿϵһϲ·˶ˮУֵĲƮ졣
ȻȻ¿Ŀ࣬ҲҪѧԺżԼŬ
ǣãһŬ
ӱر֤
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ҲϸµĹϻصסСԺӱﶼѧϰвĿȽ̡
˵ƽΣԶ״̬ÿɷ񣬵ڶճ·˾ԴЩƷʳģͼֱҪ̫ԡ
ҪȽŵСԺźܶҪĶ¼˻ЩӺӣǰǸûйĴ
¿ξ˶ӵı仯أȻ¸ĸһѽ
Ǻܺúܺõ£ܳӱｫܲܿīڴѧԺѾԼҵǰķҲǰãȻˡ
Ϊѵı仯еԵĸˣȽŰĵպʵ˲ᣬȡ˻ʳļ¼
Ϫʳȥ׿ʼģʱһų깤Ѿַϡ
ЩһҪʦŶӽоʵ飬һֱϪͩľߡԭرܱ֮࣬һĿ档ƫƫǮϿȽŸ˸Ѳһ·ҲвٿضԷϱʾȤ˲ЩԽ
ۼʳҿģѾȫתˣƫƫڲϵؽżĻǶſڣߣ˾ͱ
ĺϪͷⷱæͣͰѴͣݣȻӶصС䡣ӺϪ뺣ϪûӵխĵطҪŶͨϵҹա
ΪϪʳĶңһ¶ͷͱۼ˾סʮ׶ʶʵĺôΪʳںϪϣԴҲûżǰá
˭뵽ʳһӽӵôඩۿһķװϴȻ˳ϪȥݣԼûС
鷳ǣΪ׼ҪʹûʣҲûǰ㹻ũʣۿž͵˽صʱ䣬˭ܲż
Ƚɣø취
ȽҲû뵽ʵƹ˳
֮ǰĵУӺũ˶ڻֶʵ̫ܣȻ޵Ļѧ˾ҲỨ꯶顣
һʼû㽨ͻʹֻһĳˮ
Ĳ㶫ڸִ´࣬һͩǳԾ˲˵ע⣬ʹûʵϰѾļƻǣʦо¯Ժƹ㡣
ƻȲϱ仯Ǯһϱ˳͢ǻʳŻǰҩĶõ̫ױʵң֪ȱ
ڳ¶֪ĻʣϪʳ̫ǰ˺ţɱȺĿİͷŶˣ
ڳлģĸ˾ܿͱ˷
Ӿټѡգ̫󷴶϶˶һС¹Сʲôͷɺͳ¿ѾʧƵļ󣬷ǳֵùע
֮ĶѩƬһȽŲòĺϳɰƷʳԭϹϡ
޵ԴȻҪŻʳģ¼ٻҩĲҲҪ֤ʶʱӺѾ˴ļڣѻ̿һĩӺջʳǹغĴ£
޵սѾˣʳͲƥսʻԽԽѹ롣Ǯ򲻵ʳӺĹȱôʾǴ֮һˣ
¸¡
Ƚַݱֵ˲ᡣ
¸±ԶǹǹĶȫǰǰֶһڿҪȵԺˡ
ڰɱʾԽʱ䣬ϾҲҪģ´졣
һ찱Ĳܿ򻯷ʳбࡣȵʳָʱĿӦÿӦһĲ֡
Ƚӣѵе顣
ӦӦá࡭ϣܹðɡ


112 
ġҲֻˡѾ֭һҲˡ
ҹ׬Ǯݱ֣ǮĶ㹻ʳĶڹ̻
ˣžͺܰĵЩԼϲ顣
ľѾܾöûжˣ֮ǰסĵʱȻУʵֵʱ
̲ͶøҩǻϾ
Ƚһ߶һҳ֮ǰͼʼͿͿ
㶼ҪһǻңܷⲿûɣǻպǸѭ
֮ǰǻľʵѾܹˣʻʱ̣ܶĥٶȴǳ졣ĳûκʵ壬Ȳúͳͨ磬Ǹʧܵơ
ʧܣȫû塣
Ƚ֤ȼ뷨ǿеġڵǻȼĹƲҪ
ɣԿ
Ƚ޸ͼϸУһĦȭơ
浽ֵʱɵˡ
֮ǰ֪ŤĽŻûصңϼˡ
֮ǰΪǲʲôԺո׶׾ڶô㡣
߶ȣǊ˶Ҫֻˡ
ŵȻҪľͬ᲻ѽ
Ƚ̧ͷϰԵ뺰ӱæȴִ֪ʲôʱվſڣޱضԼ
Ŷʱˣʶط¹ãɵغһ
磬
ոĹкܶ࣬ЩҪȥ
ƽƺȻȥšսո嵺ϵľѳȻԽڣȫӺҲҲڶôǿĶڶѾû˲
ҲȷѸսͳʿݶߵͺܵĶ²
ԭμҰѳֵԭеĽѾ飬ոսбֳɫϴѩ
ҲΪæ֮ǰѵһΣѾкЩûˡ˵ȥ˳ŴŹָ˭뵽ץ˸ţ
Ҫˡ
߽СԺɨһѾǵľģͣ΢΢ü
ô
Ȼܰᡣ
żװֱ׳ͼɻء
˵ҵĽŲܳҾǰ𿪶ѣҲŲ
Ŷ
˵ͷʡ
ᣬôģ
Ƚſˡ
ǰľͷڵϣôӸϲǵأ
Ȼǡ˵Ľһ̽Ŷȥ
ҴˣҲˡ
ϴ̬ʮֳϿҡ
ССֳֻǶʱŻС硱һ硱е𣬳ֺãСŵѹ׼ܡ
ڣ綼ˣŵġ硱ֻʣ˴
޶ۣϦɹı飬Ҳ޴֪̽뷨
ãȽǾ䡰²Ϊ
ڹˡ
ԷһȽתƻ⡣
ôˣǱ߶æ𣿡
ͷ
ϲĺn㣬ҽȥԷ
n㰡
ŵ۾ˣæҪȴλϡ
˶ȼһ׵Ȼɰ˱ֱߡ
˵ʱ򣬴޶һ°ܵе㲻ʶ
Ŷˣü֪ΪɶϿʼԼԩ
ǰʱԷģгڣ벻ʱܵġ
¼öʳģ·ѪӿҲմⲻ١
ȻǰǶ׸ȽϱҵĳԴöȴšǳԲֻǾûҪϾѾ˰ҹͣ˭϶¶oĳԣ²Ҫ嵽
ӱҪīڴѧԺжٰգ
˳Ƚš
Ƚ롣
ĿǰɣҪǽܽһЩҲܴﵽɡ
˵ͷ
һļʣ㹻ˡ
ܳӱܲܿϣƽǿ˶ӵרڣԺҲٱȥʲôȭˡ
ˣ硣
ȽźȻһ¡
־ôˣ֮ǰ˵ﺰԩ˵ݺл˰˵
ϢԴͷȻǮϿ
صϵǮضԷ־һҼֱ޵Ҫһֱйעصҵĺ
ԭΪ˽ͨı͢٣˽Ĳ̰ī˰ʵʵڣû뵽־ȻƴˣԼĶʦȵһ𿼾ٵĴ塣
޹Ҳʵ֤ƾƬ֮ʣܶ𣿣
ӰС£΢һűУԩ
ȥݱɹϵԿĿӺǮϿûȥ
ǹϵûҲǻ·˶صˣ˭Լȥӷ־𣿣
Ϊ˽˵İʱã˻Σʱ̣ȴˮʯ֮䡣
Ƚž;÷˼
صҵߣͷ־ģôϵʿʶȻαؿɫ
£ص˵ˣҪ־ҲЩ´ױд
Сӵȷźϵıʼ˱塣ֻϺ´⣬ǻΪԼŮȥ˺
Ϊʲôһ֮ŮҪ޸̻֮ӣһ־Ҳл˵Ů֮ǰ±ȽϷּҵүˣ˵ü
ȽϷּԺ׵ү˴ʲƣܺѿغƵ־ٽױȲϺƣֲҵٽжֻҪίίŮҸˡ
ƣʲôʱŮˣ
ô˵־İѾˡ־ֻ뺣´⣬ְȨŶԷĴ˻ۣһŲϡ
ʱҲӲˣƴҲǩֻѺмߺȣһʱҲûޡ
ҾǼͷҲĹ뻹ŷ־İӴɣϾǮصҲߵĳ¸ݵĹϵ
Ƚſ͹۵žơ
ǵĿͦԵģҪǮˮȻ⵹¸Լλ
ϾȵһЩ˶˵ġԭŷ׵۵ǻǣû뵽ֱ̫׼Ǹϵӣ򷢻ؼ
һ˵£Ƚžֲ֧
ھ̫ǸˣϵĹ¯ࡣصȺͷҲû뵽һѸĵȻҰȵõļ˶ؼң
ҲеǮصġ
ȻɾòǮعݷ־֤ݣһˮˣñǮؾ͵һֱţǰ;ûаô
ǮǸˣȽŲ뿴˵ô³ԶԴʱĹע
˰ܵ˼΢΢һЦ
üѾˡ


113 
ˣ
Ƚžȵתͷ
ôģ־й𣿡
ҡͷ
־ûصҵ֤֤
ͷƬڣ˵ЩĴ˵ϵİնֹ롣
ʵǷ־˿ٵͨ˻Ǳ߽һˮΣרŴĵϰա
Ǿȳˮˣ֤֤ݵ뺶ˣ˻ɱǲ滻ԼˣͷŵӺط
ʮ䣬صкܶ䲻ǵ뺷־ȴûעѾϱЩ˺ܿܶ滻ɺ˵̽ӡ
밢˵ܻ䣬ֱӵصЩʿݡ
ӹĹٱΪûȷ֤ݣֻܰЩݲʿΪ˺ܡɵĿֳ˶ʲôܣǷǺʿ
滻ݣ
Ƚü
Ȼ뵽֮ǰھɾ˸¥зǳըصϵμһޡ
˵صϵġơǺʿô˸¥кȻǹ͵Ϯ׿ȺϵˣҲǺֱʣһǾӪľ
ԣ˸¥¼гֵϵˣǶһĴӺٻϤӺϰߣΪϸҲκΥ͵ĵطһڱ꣬Ѿȫ˾ɾ
εľ¥ǾͲ̫ˡȫ̲ҿ˵ĲǶ鼱֮»ʹĸ﹵ͨɼһʮֲִٵĴɱ
ҲǣϾ֪Ѿһ֣˭Ҳû뵽ǮϿô󵨣⵽ɱԺ󻹸ҳҡҶΪֱӳ˴ڸĽ汣ֱﶫ
ƫƫǮˡ
һĴ裬״Ļ˵Ԥ˵ﶼɵſˣֺ񶼶ԲԼֻѸһ˶ϡ
صôڵðɲǼ׵£˵ɱǰҪ׼̫ˣ⾪ؾ
صؾǱֱͳϲפһÿ궼Ҫֻֻĺפν־
صνȻҲ˷־ֻѲʱַŷˮٶȵĹҲǲġ
ͶѴ£־ҪŲνСҷ־Ҫ涯̫ԣֻʱνҲϻ㱨˱صĹǶᱻҿ
԰ڰڣţټȽűУһɱ˼
ֻֽ˵
ھˮβԶĵطǷһķϵլԺǷӰ˽Ρ
Ӱŷ־ݣԹص˴ֻʱѲ˺Ͱͷ˽ѵ淢һȤСӣ˴꣬һֱ͵Ƭ˽εǽҲҪɹˡ
˴ꣿ
Ƚžȡ
Ϊʲôôã
ΪС⡣
ЦŽ͵
˵ʵЩϵԭǷҵѾߣΪഺò־УǿսгóС檡
Ӱӻ޶ȣǷ˸ֲҸ־˵ץĵܵҪЮ취͵׵ܿԿ׺Щ֮ǰӷӰѵһѡ
һʼС檲ɣ͵ԿǶ־Ȼò˵ҲǩģץϾͻᱻĸɱ
ӰŻ˵͵Կ׾һֱܣҪǸҸ־ֱɱڡ˴꣬С檰סǰЩͬ⶯֡
˭Ҳ֪͵ĿɲֻһԿףõ˷־µؽѵԿס
С檷ֲѵĲ𣬱˷ӰһѡҲʱ亣ҪصɱǮϿ¶ڣ־ҲûµؽѵԿûˡȻǸԽСӾӳҲҰ㣬͵Կ׵С檿϶Ҫġ
С檼ܵƽ£Ϊʱõܵ꣬ѴµؽѵԿ׽˳ڶڴУڽѼ˲ٹؼ֤Ӧ˵־ǸСĲˣڽĶǶǵĶҪȫԼĴ£š
Щ֤ݣɵЩͷӶˡڲٳûٸҸ־һ˵֮ǰߵЩڶͷڹ꣬·˵²Լ
Ѿ˷־һľںͿڹ־СΪ֤ṩ˹ؼ֤ʣٽҵ֤ݣ־̰ͨī˰𣬽ᵳ˽ı͢ٵѾʵʮ֮ͻٳն

Ƚųһ̵ֻ۴̼ǸС檺͵ܵܵĹ¿֮ʡ
ҪǻԵɺϷ˵ܵܣӶýԸóԿײ֤־İڻ뽹ء
ǶԽôˣ
Ƚźʵ
ûôȻǷ־С檣ԿףΪָ֤֤־һҵ״˴󹦡ԵطЩӮǮؼˡ
ǽصȥ׼ıԭе⣬̫ױϳǸʱȥһ֣ڶġ
Ǹܵҿǿ鵱ĺϣͨбˣ
˵ļ̣ʵЩСϸûܽ
Ͻܵʵ
ԭģܵܽҺΪ
ֵʱ򣬴뵽Ԩ鱨ȽDȥںѺжѰһČ^ˣ^ͬͬ֡
Ȼ֣ͬ޶Ѱõԭܾص
ﱻ־լҵǲ⹫ģČ^ӰҪЮĳһֱ˽ΣһҲжʱ䣬ôȽD˵ʱ䡣
ȻڿʲôرģȽDԵ޹ʵķ裬ٴĿǰĶִŵÿһ¶Եɡ
ôČ^ͺҪˡ
˽ԷĵϣȰ˵ԭĿĵжɶȽDҰ쵽οČ^ѾͶ˶
Č^˶ȽD˵ʲôãֻҪ˶Ǵʱϵ磬Ϊˡ
Ƚſɲ֪תô˼ΪϽܸˡ
ðҵˣ࣬лʩչһٷҲǲܵģ
û֮ǰԪӾɾСҵӪ
ʹЩݵѵŸԨȥ˺ݣѧõͣݳĹӣܳԹס˵ɼʱֲһԻѧŨȤ
˶ǸԨģȻȽԭİԪԸѲ̫ףڿ֪ΣİŶ׵
ȱ绹ףϽܺܿڶʼһոµɡ


114 
ֵ˵ţȽźȻڳⷢһϤӰ
Ȼᰡ
СŲҴҵش·ƺŸȥʲôط
ôˣ
쵽ܵܵߣѰҲȥ΢
ʶλŮʿ
Ƚŵ˵ͷ᰺͡л˵ú͸Ԩ署һ飬ĩָп
СŵʱһΪǰԪһծ˵ʱף˵
˵ȽźȻ˶٣΢΢ķƮƮ
ûܱı仯ʲôû˵ֻδ״ؽӵ
ز˵ˣԨ˵ʲô
źȻЦˣһص
˵ͱǶ󣬲ǵ˳ɼҵ䡣˵Ҳ֡
źȻʼ
ôһֱûȥ࿴ļСأ͵ʱ򣬼Ϳʼǵˣǲˣ
˵Ĵ΢
ֻڳУ߲ĹӰסı顣
Ҹ˵żģѾҪһˣԸ
ѽ
Ƚŵеơ
ıܹãǶ֪ءҲ֪ţɩˡ

ȻӦһƺͬܵĻ
ǸܺúܺõˣֻڻʱٵȵȻ㽲ġ
˵ȽŵʱͲζˡ
СֻжŻ¶º͵ı飬רҪûˡ
ǿܣѾûˡ
ϲˣҪδֶֶŮǣǲ׽ˡϾԼҲǸûѪԵһ𳤴ĵܵܰˡ
Ȼ֪ӦãܾЩƣôء
һٷȽųԵûûζģȽش߰㡣Ƚ˵Ҳû룬ڹǵСʱĲɣԷܴ󷽵طŶ뿪ҪСĽ׵ơ
ȥʱǴȫ̰Ŷڱ۾˯ٺ˵һ仰
˵Ͳ˵޶ҲֻڷֱʱӳϰһͽСԺ˵ȽŲ㣬ҪֹҲܶڵϣ̨ܵȽϷ㡣
Ǻ֮ǰһա
üۣƵлĺ⡣
ȻˣҲûڰܵչˣǰ綼Ҳˡ
ŵе㲻ζ
Ҳôˣȹ侲ЩĪͺܿʧһ˼Ͷ뵽ȼǻҵĸ֮С
ǻǻɲʲô׵¶ڲṹҪޡ
ҲǰŵȤڡʧܵĳԶ˵һ㶼ƶƵĶָȫĵسǻȼĸУÿղﻭͼֽСԺ豸ʳĳ̶˿ڱӦԵĳӱ
һ죬ҹ׼ùĳӱ߳䣬Ժпһ
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116 
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117 
һʼʱȽʵҲûܶࡣ
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118 
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Сһʶ˵ǳǳɣܸɻͳɡ
ʧģԭΪȽúͳĺгһܼʻԲúͳڽ·ϡ
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ǮؾǮأģȽɼ䣬˳˶ڷ֧֡
ϣǮؾʹظˡ䲻˵ҲֺܶĹҪչĲ賧ѰҲ٣ظɱȸսֵʱ𱬶ˡ
ǮϿṳ̃;
棬ӱ֮ǰг̻ʮڴġļƻУСʻСֵһðա¶ޡҹ̣ܸһϲ
ƻûб仯죬˵ðձĸ˵ר͵Ķ绹һƣð˲¾Ǹ˼伲СүڣȻҲû˵ʲôӱﻹܸܵǵĲͬ
һ·˺Ҷ塣Ҷλòãسǵ·һ·߲ˡ
۲һ·ȻȽŵ
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ΪʲôҪ̧ǿԶ⳵һߡ
ԣױЦˡ
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˵ĻɣȽҲû˵ʲôֻ˰æѳж¡
һ˿Ǽ˵㣬Сֿǿĸ棬϶öġ
ʵʤ۱磬˵һپ䲻˵һ·ʲôá
뷨ȽŸ˰ŵλá
ȻҪԼӱȻҲܼʻļ̫ã·õĵط׷
ױһ̧ۣĻţӱԱ߻һͰװĶͣζʮָˡ
ȽŸ˼ӹּһǻȼϵѡ۵͡ٺ뵺λĽ㴦ҵ㡣оC࣬ľ˵׳
Cζãʤ֬ǰ֬ϡٵʱ֬ԼԻǷֻЩζɫҲʮֻǣեͼԺ;ͺ˳ˡ
ڵֻҵͣ۸ʮֱˣһǮһͰ
ȽҪСũߵʹЧѡȻҲ˵ġ˼ʻλСֶһ£Ȼʼϸ΢ķ

ױԾȡ
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ֳҲˡΪװⶨƵĳ֣·ҲʮƽȣȻٶȲ죬ȷʵǰûˡ
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Ѿ˺СֶĸٶҲӡ
·ũ˱ؿһ׻ûסȽŴǸɶȽŵҲûֱ˵ǸĻأҪȥҶӸء
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ũ˵Ǻġ
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Сֵĳ˿ֶһˣ󶷼˹ͷũ˺վڶÿɶʡ
ɶܵÿǲզ죬Сͷһοгڴĵߵ
Щɻ͡ͰǴ岻̫
ѽǲ˰ĶİǷ϶ϱҵݣ
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һȫҶ嶼֪϶ˣһֵĶӳӣһĸ
ɻĺðʽӳ㹻ۡûԴվǳ̧ͦͷüЦģҪ׵ɹһ
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϶ŰŰɵ˳ȥȻһ۾ͿֵֹС֡
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㣬ɲһˣЩǶȽɹģ˼뿴ũô᲻ŷϡ
Цô󷽷
ŶԭǻʳĶҡ
׶ʱȻ
⻯ʿǲģڴ˺ü춼ûϣֻ϶һǰ˷ϡ
ҶǶԸûձЩԥ˵һǱߵĵز˱˼ǲīڴѧԺĴʦָǺҶûдʦʹȫ͵ֽӡеֶϲȫأĿĶ⡣
Ѳ⻯ʳĶң˵Ǵ˻ʣصܹڷˣ
ɹܲ˴˶ô룬æдԶĹ͡
ҶǸʵصׯں˵ʵʵڵģ˵ȽŵǼģʱæҡͷ
ʹãʹãǿʹãƿҪ˵ġ
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ţũ˸صţҪǲܶǾ͵ϡũʱģ˶УӲżææϻϼңҪԼһµظɻ
ǶǴСɹƵġǰûţ̰ƴƴһҲܰꡣ
ڻСүܸͣܲɵóҲ˵һۻˣǵǸ֣ǲͳ¶𣿣
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ȽЦָָԼСֳ
壬ܰҵũ߸ҿҪǵȼģǾһԣҪǾòУǱչ϶ҵأ


119 
ԭͲʲôϸĻƣţܸɣο֮ˡ
ȻȽŶѻ˵ϣҲûɾܾʹĴӦԼҵһĶʵ顣
ȥԺҳԼõԯ磬ҵũõĿʽڴͳĻϸĽƣԯ̸߶ѹKȸӲʹṹɣʹЧҲߡ
ȽȲһԯĳߴ磬úԼ֮ǰԤĲ࣬Ӧÿ԰װСֳβĹ̶ϡ
λױæȰѳзõͰ˳Ȼж³Ϊװҵ硣
ҵԯҲ󣬷СֵĺȻЩͻأ˷ͬΪṹʮִֹͬС
ⶫ൱ţ
Ƚһ߸ɻһ߸͵
ιݣЩ;ߣ˿һֱزͣЪҪ
˵ţкӱױͰ
һԵĺԴףԭͲݴŵģǸģСֵģСֵġϡ
ѽزú𣿣ôк͵ģܵ𣿡
һɵĴҲжЩģ¶ǵɫ
⣬̶ݱ֣ȺҶǶ೤˲ټʶ֪ú̿ģյĻǾϸúȻûðǺ˵ĺ̡
͵ȷգϾǴͷֱģƬɶĶ棬ʳĵҶáСֳ˾ϸ͹Ǯõɱջˣ
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ںŵ㣬ԯûбúù̶Чô
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ǽũʱģľʱ䡣һСֳɱͣ˿ϡ׬ͷ֮⣬ԵƣʵҲû̫Ĵڵ塣
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Ծģλױ綼ʶ˾Ҷ˻ˮ㣬ٶǵȽ֡
ʵҲе㷴Ӧȡ
ƽǮϿȻܹעȽŵİȫ⣬˾ڶڴ廹ûʲôģϾҶڵҲһ֮֮˸ţҪΪ˷ֹҸ¡
λ磬ܲǰæ
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ѵ̫̫ɹˣ


120 
λױһ̬ɲǱ̫ɹɵˣǷȽŵʵݡ
ٴϻۻбµĺ˭ϲѽҲ˳ɼҵͣ˵ûԼҲ񶫺ͯһѾͷСǼٻԹ鶼һģ޾ͻ᲻ԾĲøС
Ȼܸлλĺ⣬ƻ治ܸɵ˵ġȽǲСԭǰ֣צĸܸ˼ǰֿճƽܣšۺתᡣ
һԭͲѰСֱ˸ӹĶǰֶοյĿצȥֻݷޣװͰ͵ġ
Σǻ¹צԿɡ
ȽŶ˵ģ
˵Ȼûʲô顣
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ֻⶫţ϶ġ
֮ǰĥȽҪôצС֡¸ֳ㹻ûѹҲֻᱻܣܴﵽԯЧ
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ȽЦһָС֡
ʱǻʱµĵݣҸӣ
˻һ˿Сֵˡ
ܸӣСˣøׯʡţ


121 
ȽźͳӱںҶס죬ȴĶ඼Ŷ¡
⼸㣬֤СֵʵԣұŻԱ˺Ҷ塣Ҷ״˲رذŴҸأҲ˼ҳԿȻĳ˾뿪ʱȽźͳӱЩԲˡ
ǰǲﲻʲô㡣
ٱʱһزһЦ
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Ŷˣ޶ѾǶˣӦýָʹ֮ǰ˰
ԭȻΪոսϡʹոԺ󣬶¹滮˶ϵķֲƽȫȨκοɼһߡ
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ιԽԽˬΪżҷˮʱҲ˲١
ĻϢʵ̫࣬ϾȻҲʼ϶һЩڵΡǻεһвδ£Щ硰ǮϿ˸¥֣졣Щ䱾꣬εģµĶһɢɳ˶ŲбಿϵݵȽӳӢۣ
ĶʲôΣ󽫶£һСëƾôصסݳǣ
ȥϵҲûý۳Ͷ飬ٱѡһʼܿƵסƣϵԴԽԽţµҲ˼ܿұһӱһƧС
ειҾͱˣĿںþöûؿڱƵۡ
εü춼ƵģĿڷ£ܾúʲôõҪˡ
ת˼ʱһʦүȻײײ˵ҹͶ˶ӪӪѾ˴ױʹһѺţμׯˡ
ιң

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جΡجҪˣ


122 
μҰˣܵʮֳף룬һ鱻ӽˮͰĳ⡣
ͬιǸجһһĸӪ̰īõ֤ݡٶμҸѶţιĵڶϣǰӪǰûϹųɱץʱγԱȡ
Ҳɵӡ֮ǰųȻ¶ˣιһڹϵڣҾ;ûз̵Ļᡣ
ûǰص֪ط־Ҫնˣ󻹲ҵ˾ɳιڶξô꣬ڳвûӪ
ɻûǸ˸죬־İӾֱת־С檺ȻվָϾóؼ֤ݣ־һҴȥ˷
־̵ĵ죬˿߽˶Ӫٳʱʵʵմ޵Ѹײڶ֮Ƴμׯ
һоμҾɲǿҵ֡
Ҳ̫Ƕˣ־ǸСʲô𣿣
ɲ飡϶ξǰ̧ô
Ȼ˵ɷ־СǷΨһһɹģԵطǮֱǵͼ
ипĬĬƣˡֱӸ֮ж
ôˣֻҪܻʲôأ
ǰιȻǣҲ˲١ۻμǳûˣϻÿˡȥ˶ȣǸһùĲԼˣ
뷨˲٣ܿʽ鷢չزҪιҾӪҲû취Υɽƣֻڿӵס
ˣιڶӪĹϵױķΪ֮һ塣ոĻᣬ²ߣȷͣ䷢µʽѶսС
һ¿Ŀʹ̾ͱݸͷķ塣ݸͷȻľѲ飬˶Ա뺣־Ҷûôƣ
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ڵеΣȻֻЩǮȴϼ¼ǣҲǸ׵ˡ
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ûµģ梡
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ҿЩүֻǲ飬Ե޹ʵץˡοѾɽ˷Ǯ˵ŵļʱ˿ۣȥͶǮ㹻梵ġ
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ҾƶееƣҲΪ˸βҵģһʼʵ˲ٿͷ
ίΪ־С檣ҲõսľܾÿûпԼ̤ʵ
ܽҪɼҵģܲһֱ梡ȽýˣڶҲԺڵӪҪ
㿴Ǳкö
֪ôýģֻ취תע
ݸͷĴֻ࣬ʹۼϲͷӴ˴󶼱ŴСɫҴңͨͷļֱϵһͤӣܿ˳ӡ
Χ˴̽һ£֪ǹйĵط
˲ٹò˹ѰһᡣĶԾͷֳͤй̸˾ֱӴȥҲʡͷӬһߡ
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޷ʮһĴ̣мľ˰񵲣ֻͨĲݵ档ʲôҪԼҲȥӻãҪԼˡö棬ˮҪǮģҲֻªԡɶʱĴӺ˵ѾǺܲˡ
ÿпˣú׻õĽҪܵϼǾרŵ޷һӹʹãȳס̴ͨһЩٲ˴÷ƨ
ﻹлʦоôҩЩˣ˼סĿǶŶ޷Ҳôȥ˼ӣ˼СʲôУҲÿ۲ǶīڴѧԺĸ߲۸˱ȲˣҲаĻᡣ˵ᶨ֯ŹѧãԺϸмӷ֣ɵĺ˿Լӷ֣ͳһ𣬿һֱʦƬ£ɵһ޳ﻹǷӣҪ˭и˸ȥˣȫ˵סͲˣǮҲչ˲١
˵С̧ͦͷɷٲȻԼѾַܷӵƬ¡
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Ҹղ˲Ҳ˵ˣǲģղſԳȥ䣬ⲻס氲ȫɵʲôһƴСԭͲʲôˣɻ׬Ǯ̤ʵ
˵ˣҲ
ʵ侲룬ȥҲʧΪһʵѡ񣬱Ͼסڳܱס氲ȫ
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ͷľȻûΪǣ֮ͷͨûж֮±ֳκ΢΢ġ
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Ȼǵӣش˶Էе⣬Ȼõһǰͬűֽûдʲôȫҡ֮ĻرעϹõıꡣ
Χϸֽϵ˼Ȼ㰴Լӡһ̿ʼǶҩһֻͨҪ㹻ڿ죬ͿԿԼ˫Լ



123 
ͬŵģг
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ȻҲԼʲôֵ˼ƭģյлӶ㹻ºü͵ˣûôֵǮ
ݳǣܿҵԪ硣ʱԪ绹һС̣Ȼۣȴǿݳһҵ֣λ൱Խ
ֻλãԪȴûʲô⡣ĶУǴҶ֪굽ʲôģҲûƳˡ
Ǹ߼үŪġ
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û⣬ϰҲϵİԣһĵʱ䡣
Ǹүļױǰ߼ҵĲׯõҲûɶӵĽүûˣȢһλλһŮǰϴ򷢵ѧǲǶ޾͸͵ԶԶģҪ˵˼Ǵ
ô꣬ϴںޣĶͷ˭Ҳ֪ϴַͰļױջˡ̸߼˻뻹ֵŲŲò˳Ȼ㿪硣
˵߼ϴںС⣬Ӧþİɡ
ʱҲΪģŸүܾ͵ЩĶӺԲ뵽Ԫ羹ȻܳΪҩΨһǲǰѺĶ˵ӺǰѴӺĻǰҩޣ
Ϣʱ򣬳񶼱ɵˣôĻǰҩܹЧƸȾֲùҺ־ҶӦҴȨô䵽һСͷϣ
ȻⱳԭѾ֪ˣԪϰȽɵı磬ǹͷܸ㵽ǰҩĴȨҲôϡ档
Ѿǰͬ½һԴ̩֮Ȼˡ
ϾҪˣ񣬻ۿɲݣҵĺܣ
ͷкŴֺ辯䣬һμĳЩ
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ȻҲ̫ƽ
𺽵ĵ죬Ӻ޴һõϢϣǴ󹫹е߾ڲķ˽սǷ·¹ֲغյ°ķںޱ·¹ı߾ϣֱһըԵĴϢ
Ϊʲôڲķ·¹Ҫյ°ķ𣿡
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ͬǿ϶ͬˣȻɣˡ
ү֮ǰжȷģɣǸƵҡɣԼʲôûʵֻܿƣʱֻѡź͡
ĲԲûдۣ֮ǰµǷ⡰Լǿɣŵĵ˽˽ף·¹ڶͼһƬ޻ֲ԰κԣɣָɽͷյ°ķΪ͸ŵģ²ĺʲôأеߵľӿѾ̤·¹ˣ
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رԼеԴ˵ĽлȡһЩѶϢЩѶϢڳûʲôֵ󲿷Щδİԡڽʱ䣬ۼ֤˸ԨãЩѶϢԼҪĶ
һϸĻɣڽ֮УЩ˻ҪʲôȻѶ͵ǵǰ
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ͼ·ֱӵķֻԨһһӻϰӻ浽ǻһߣҪתγƿս
Ȼʱʽŵļ󣬿˭Ҳ֪ⳡսҪòܽս᲻ӵĵطľʮֵǡ
ҪڻʳͲ̿ЩеĵţΪǰѡʵ̫࣬ǵĿۿҪˡ
Ҳ˲ΪȻл˽˵λ˾
ǸѪ⸸ǰĩޣ˶лҵׯ԰
ս򵽺ǡ
Ͼ·¹׶˭ܹҪڰ޹ٰǻģû˻ƻ³ϵ顣
˵ʮֽøԨƲƲ졣
³ϵ
ȻǺʫ˵ҲǷϵһ⣬˭һС
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Ȼս˫ŵĺеɴҿȴǿɣԼͳһһأĺ˭ܲҪ
ԨԼһº޵ĸ͹壬ʱצӵ˶ɵӡеϣǴֻһʼֻҪɣĲܿͻѪζ룬ͬ·¹⡣
սݱɻսսʼĵطѪͳ޻øʧȥǡɱ۵˻ܹ˼ǡ³ϵ顱𣿲ܵģսµԻҩ᳹װ˵ԡ
˵ûҪˡ


124 
һ·УƽĿҰͳĿĵǺׯ԰
طԨ֮ǰùʱҪĴŲܰݷãڵȴѾΪлӵĿˣ档
֮ǰڸϵĹעһԨӮˣ׬һʲСǮ㹻̻ĸƺżһ´ֱǰ¬켣ڸ罻ۻС
Դ˾ٶӼĸʮֲ⡣
֪̻ĴϢж£үһͻһϢ룬ɲģ˷ʱ˷ѽǮ
ҲѹԨԨȴ⣬ζ˵ϢģûҪʱ֪ڲż
еûĥףΪӡУ̻ں޻ǺȨģȷĹ涨͹ִĴͳ޵ĺܶ嶼Ǿܾӡ
Ѳүָ˵ʱôôܵģ󹫺˰̻ǮҪһֲٻүƾʲôǸ⣡
Դˣ⡣
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ǽϹŵԼʵʴɵĽ£ΪԼȴǻģֻҪ˫ԸǿֱͨķʽҲֲá
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ãү˵Ŀܾ˼ûĸ̻һֱܾ棬ֻǾʽǷ㡣
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еߺϣ·¹ı߾̣ܱߵ͹嶼еţڻЩҩ˲
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˵زʣʼӰ쵽Ůġ顱Ѱҽİ²ԭΪѱҲǱʲô߰£ͺ֡
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ûһǰ̸ҲһΪˡѡˣڳֱ˶ԡˡĵ֮ϸѯ˻ǰҩʹ÷ȻΪѷǵ顣
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һԵĳǻȻ
֮ǰֶΪɶҪȥ̽ôеûĻţǰһƺ˴𰸡
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125 
ǰҩĿֲۼԶԶ˸ԨԤ
ʵҲܹҪʱ̫죬û˵Ļҵλ
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ԣԨʮֲ졣
Ϊлסˣû뵽Էᵽǰ¬ķ˺ǡ
ԣ֮ǰͦ죬ʣµ࣬ȸһ֡
ԨҲǸˬˣûклֱӿ˼롣
Ϊлʹе㽻飬ԸԨҲûʨӴ󿪿ڣͰո˵ļ۸һǰ
ˣһ¡
л˰ǣԳһ¡
ţ
ԨüûĻ
лҲûɺܾãܿ쿪˵
ڴӺһ⺣ͿϹȥӹǶԲñ˵ùȥｨֿ⡣
Ļû˵Ԩˡ
ԭл˵ü縺񲢲ȥһƷת˲ֿ⣬Ϊ֮ĸǰ׼
л˵ûл־԰Ѳֿ⽨˶¡лȻ⣬ҲûǿΪʱĶ˵ҲֻһλñȽԽѡַû¯ıҪ
Ƕ֮Ѹٷչ𽥸ıл뷨˵֮ǰһϣл˶ʵ
ԱȾƽŵĺޣԶĴӺƺѾȹֵĶΪһʺȲչĺѡл뷨
˵𽨳ԨͲɱ뵽ǮϿ
ϴл˵ѡ˶¸ۣǮÿμûûʲôɫ˵Ҳ֪׹һ
ԨͷһμôӵĿأձʱһ£ȫ֪ôӦ
öҲϰˣбܵĸǮҲˣֻǶҪУֵ˿صĸ¯Ρ
аϴηһл˵ãػһл˰ɡ
Ԩа룬ȴû¶˼ֻЦ˵˶Ȥ¡
˵ЩҲĿĵģлҪʲôҲͼŶԷĵĻ˵ڲԼǮϿĹϵ
лʹʶҪȥ϶ߵǴ·Ԩαϸأ˵£ҲһǶȴ̽һ¶ѣûҪ̫ڡ
Ϣ϶ҪرǮصģҲ軨׷𽫹ԺҲͼ徻
һԨѡǡлſϳ֮ǰĹ¸͡ʱ֣سǵʱԵù࣬Ӧл̬Ӱ쵽
ԨҲ⡣
ں̫ΣѾȥ˼ƽϡ
ûаһֻǰõлشӺϢǲ֪л˭ǰҩȻų࣬ɰհ̻ļ۸һʲС֡л۶գһµȫ£ҩ㹻һСҽԺʹˡ
ѵл³ϵĸˣ
ĻɣԨ̽˹¼䡣Ӧ˵лֵµˣµĿڷǳϡΪ˱ݾߣԨǳֹܿл˵õġꡱ
˵л˵ã֮ǰӦᰵģҪӴؼ˵¡ԨǸ˵㻰ˣӦ˵ȻҪýһάۣԼųתս֣ûڸ罻
֮󣬷糾͵Ľڸϵάۡ


126 άһ
ǰά۵ġ
ļУάǸݾ׵СǣӵȻۣҲ̬º͵ĿɣصĹϽϿ
άۿҵ𲽷չԺصĿǰšսǰάʵġͼϵ顱ÿ궼һ׬ȡĲƸ
Ϊ׬ǮԴ̬Ҳʮֿݣ󷽵ĸǾסȨԸⱣǵ⣬оܿѲߣټһۿڳУȴɼάľӪ
һΣٶ̤άǵʱȴһƬҡ
ϵĵ̴󶼹ˣֻмӻĻšʳƷӲǽţǹˡӣеǴС׼ѵˡ
ǡôˣ
һ¡
֪յ°ķѾռ죬άյ°ķһͼϿлкӣôҳأ
߽ǣ˸
ǳŨŨıؿ˺ô󾢶˵ʲôһ
άǵˣжɱڻûҵ鸾һϼǺеߵĻѪȻٲû֪ȥ
ڳаѲ飬ץ˲˵ʼûҵĻ̡̻
ΪˣԳеǵ˴ùÿҶ˱Ѷ˵˻ʣùһȥʬ嶼֪ȥ
񶼳˾֮񣬷߷뷽跨Ҫ뿪ߵ˵սѾռ˰ͼϿм߯ǰάӺǲܵġ
ֻǰͬս·¹
ᰵĸҲ֮һ
ǾͻشӺɡ
ᰵֳƽ˵
֮ǰȥСõʱȥ¸ۺݳǡ¸ۺά࣬кܶຣˣóʮֱݳҪչʵҵǱ¿˺ܶ๤ȥ˲٣򾮾ǻȥѡһطš
˵үƤ
ȥôȥ
ͼǵսˣĻдȥӺôһҲҪĴ𣿡
ڲҲ˰ɣ
ƽȰ˵ϸס
ϾҪˣлһƬңҲûи˳־棬άǳҪռİ
⼸ı仯㻹ûҲ֣Ѿ׼Ƶ˵ͷϣǶᱻɱץߵģ
ᣡǲץǣ
үһӡ
ǼҴžӪ˰һй飬ǻ˭Ҳܻǣ
˿ѵӣ˵Լ૵ص
άǿĵطͱĵطһһعģƸΰٶܹýˣץˡ
үĵϣţʵԸΥ
ڸ۵ĵҵĴűֱÿӰһȫץ˼Ρ
ǴӺ˰ɣ˵ǲҲ᣿
ھŷٱڼаħҩǸǲǻжħҩ
ûħҩûħҩΪʲôǣһǸħɣ
ʱүӲᵽٿĪζ
ھŷ൱Ȼ֪Ǽһ᰾ҩΪʹΪǼҵĸҩ˺ת䷽ŷ̫̫һֱΪһ˻л
ڸ
˭ο͵ﶼǽңΪϲҡҪ˵ʲôħҲӦǽǮħ
ϧЩ⣬ڡܹýΰǰá
Ů׺ħҩںǺصıжΪŮ֮ңȫ˶ᱻϻ̼ܡ
ڶץˣ
ľо˶Ҫˡ
û뵽ֻݸϢѣȻ͵֪جġСҲ̫ˣ֪ԼҾȻһ˺ܿȥ޻أ
˵Ȼͬ飬Ҳûʲôð취
ʱʹһˣ˾ȳֱǳ롣Ψһİ취ǻȥүү㣬˵ҵǢˣǾͻһϣ
ȥȵʱ䣬ֻﲻᱻﴦˡ
⣬׼ϳ뿪ʱͷȻһԶԶܿһȺڱܣҵƺǿʲôµĹޡ
ˣˣǵĴҪˣ
Ǻ죡Ǻ촬û
ͬһʱ䣬ԶĵҲ˵ƹ⣬ͷԤѶš
·ֻһ˲䣬ԭǿάֵˣȫ뵽ͻС
ɢӣѰһпԿĹߣҪǽϴǹǵ㱻ߡ
ܳôȻأ
һһڡ
ȻǱˣ׼ӺյУԽ˱̫ڵƽ塣ǰ˵ǰͽħǶڽ̷ǳȣгʹͨռؽ粻ѡᱻжˣȫϮ˺Ů׵ϰߡ
Щ꣬Ӻ߾ͻʱзŻıʱɧţ̲ʳ֮£Ӻʧ˲پɵأҲգЩɫⶥһ걮ʳԩꡣ
Ҳ߰ɡ
˵
ҿάҲֲ˶ãһۿڱݣЩǾͻǣʱͲˡ
ƺ֤жϣ˿̵ĳֱһ֡
һװξѸٴӳдĿô龰ľʱɫ䣬Ϊ̫ϤЩˣ
ˣάǣˣ
άûϣˣ
·ѹյһݣ֪ú̲ܶסڵʹ
ûϣˣûϣˣάֻһ֧ǶҪߣҲûܹǴӵˣҲǰ֧Ԯˣ
ǣˣ
ʧʹޣ˱ŭ˿ʼռʣץʱС
̵ҿ滹ߵĻﱻϯһգɻŹߵĶߡ
ռάǣһ·򱱾·¹ı߾ܵеߡĳѡߣ˵ҲΪ·ºе߶Σգȥ
ŵģ԰ҪЩӵġ˵γķķ֮һǰ̻Ľŵúյ°ķһ޻ѺһҴʾðȫ
ԶһȻϿȥ˼Ρ
ŵȥˣȻеӶߣñ֤Լ¼Ǹİȫ
ڼεĿܿ飬ʱôСС
ԨǸصүǣ˵ģɲ׹ү


127 ά
үһѵϣ˶ԺģоȥϢɢȶȡ
ƽһչʵҲûʲôܹչ˵ģѾеʳˮιˣɲֹۡ
Ϊҩ£ܵ˱޴
ƽãֵ׳͵סʹүӵͺ⣬ƣְһٱӣϾͷȡ
ƽ䣬ֻõһͰˮֻ·ˮý£ʱ¶ȶһЩȻǷȣ㲻ˡ
֣ôûͷ
ƽ
һ̣η˻ش
ˣҿԤѶš
Ѷţ
ƽ㵣ϵ׷һ䡣
ʲôѶţ
ȻǵϮԤɫĹ⣬һ̡
ƽ
ΪάˣԵѶŵĺʮ˽⣬Ȼ֪һ̴ʲô
ͼڴ̣ŸҿƬǵԤֻһֿܣǾǵսˣ
֮ǰǻ߯ΪʲôһӾԽͼϿάǲ·¹ϰ
̻Ҫ𣿡
ѵг˲졣
ά֣˭涨ֻܹ·¹·¹ռյ°ķʱҲͼ
յ°ķ·¹ĺֲ԰ǴһȺͼġ·¹Ϊճʺֲ޻ɱͼ䣬ؾΪС
ڣҲ編ƣǺ޵Ĵַ
ƽһ
Ҳ֪ʮа˾žģˣô죿
һ뵽˵ĴţЩһĺɫƽϵĺˡ
Ҫ棬ǿ϶ʰҵϽˡ˶ڼҲȥ׵˲Ǻã
ѵֻܵų̋ôǵ취Խˣ
ڵȻ뵽һ˿ʼԼͬƻͷҪΡ
ϵʱ򣬿ľһŹֵĻ档
ֻĵ˷
ߵڶĽȸһЩΪ˿һǽʯҪĹУڲظϳصڵϡ


˴ηһ̧ͷͿ˾Ԯ飬ŵɫ䡣
ǡ
ǽƽô

˵ǴӺ˲࣬ҲôӺش
Ҳƽ
ĴӺȻЩϿĳЩԹŹ֣ȻӺĳԡ
һͷƽ˽Լ֣æӦھԮ͸ѵİ£Ҳɹ߳˼Ρ
߳ŷ֣ĸ˾ȻŶףǽҲ˴Ӻٻ
ң
ţ˵ͷ
ƽлиӣڶԲԣ
ƽԣԷ˵ѶϢԵϣ˵ͷ
ǵģ˵û˭
䣬ȷԼûҴˣŸ˵⡣
ȥ
ƽסˡ
Ҳû뵽ۿ׵ԼάǣԶڶӾȻ˽ӴȥǸľϲ
ƽԭȫͶΪľܾҲʵĺһֱδܳС
˿ֱӷشӺĴöĻġ
ƽİ壬ȫҸŽض
һԵʮĽ룬̽ʵ
ҿɲԺһߣһֻҿԸɺܶģ
һ仰˽
ûǴүոջֱʴӰ̻Ṻһ̨ԳƻСҪڴţҲɵó
Ԩ꣬·Ҳүһޣëʵ˲žŹѾˣҲںٶһ˾Ȱ¬ڴͬǴӺͬķϣ͵һƻ۹ˡ
Ѽƻ˵һ飬˻ڻ˯еү˶û顣
ƽȻؼʰһɵ߳ΣҲĽ־ʱ֪Լ뷨ʵ
ңûˣҵҲûˡ
ҵӾڽֱߣһ˱ץߵͻȻբŶûüϣ뱻һտӡ
ҵļլǺǣǵĺھŷ򸾶ܶ𱨵ؾٷȫңôܷŹլļҲأ
ȥֻ˷ʱ䣬ûôԮֵĶˣǾǶˡ
뵽ƽҲᣬϳǡ
Ǳʱ̣ӿտգã޴׵ģİ̤δ֪;
һ˻һԶΣѾΣõİˡ
ڷ𣿡
Ӹʻϻͷü۱ƽŵϵ
ӻһҩƿһöҩַһˮݸƽ
ȥ
ƽ֪ҩʲôɵؽӹԸϵ¡
ȫɶԷ⡣
һΣʱ̿ԼһҵˣûһҩֽţǵĶѾҪκ¡
ɲ²ˡǼү洫˺þҪ󷽷֪˵ͼл˳
ǻǰǶҩҩܹƷȸȾ
ϸظƽһ¡ҩָһ÷˳ҫһĳɼ
һýζ֪꣬ĸǸӺҵĳ
ܴǱѡΪүİݵİԼֻͣǿԸһ飬ǸĲ¡
֪ĳɼǳãү˲ֹһάȡʮӣǱȥõѧУѧɹΪҷ
ôץεģ
ƽʵ
ĸĹϵԼҽ̫࣬ôҲηأ
Ϊҵүɡ
֪ץץס
ǰʱΪɼүãүܻᱻү䡣ԵʱҸףеĿǱһ۾Ϳ˵Ӳôã㻹Ҫ
ң˵гһ̳أһҪߡ
ƽ

˵˺ܶ࣬ôҶ֪˵ʲôֻȴְĿܻĲס
ʱƽԼϵˡҩ󲻾ã¶Ⱦ𽥽
үӻ۾һʱ侹Ȼֱ治ԼںδԺԸаġ
ǡ
ˣƽָιЩˮȻź˵һ·ϵľ
ϵѵʱѾ뿪άǵķΧһ·ҹͣߣȻʤٶȶԺ¬ľڡ
Ǵᰰ
ϵ૵ص
֮ʱ䣬ϵһֱųĬ
Ȼʱ䶼ڱĿ񣬵żʱҲֻǿһķ羰ڲӺլԺ
Ҳ֪Щܱסˡ
ĻۣһʧȥҲѹˡ


128 ά
ǵĺϽûںֻţҪάʵ̫СˣһСʧȥأں޿㲻ʲô¡
Ҳȫûвά۱ϾҪĻת˸ۣһȻó׽š
һҹ֮䣬ֺͺԭ͸ǵֱӷһÿʳƷǰ˳Ķ飬±֪Ѿĵǻþòɢ
ռάǣһ·򱱾·¹߽硣Χ˷ֹܵУеѾǲµľӽ·¹ͼϲ⡣
İľӣѵȺǰ۵·ߡ
ڽ˶ǹ
ʱıϣĻ˾֣ҪҲͷ⣬ҹͣʻоյظϵԤص㡣
ǹĺ
֪һ۵ضŽǹ
һѶƵķǹ滹Ƕ˲ٱʯ˵õǹ
ҾðɣǰǹɱȲѡǴӺǹǿ
ûȥӺȴܽһڻĴӺΪĸ˵ԼҪع
֪֪Լĸ˭Ӵм俪ʼֻĸףĸ׵ĹҲĹҲҪȥġ
ʵûȫ˵ʵӽεĲĶӣȥˡ
άһλͳŸۿСǵĲҲһλѧʶĹ塣
άһǿݵĴԸɸʽ¼·ҲһλѧңµάںСӵԼļר
ȻЩ衣
רŵоŶӣ֪ŶеһԱµСƷֻԶд֡
֪Ҳںнˮĸףܿأһ͵ɿ࣬Ҳյֻ
Ѿɵˣ֪ܲ㡣
ֱĸ׵ı뷨
鷢ĺͻȻ֪յϢʱΪһֻ෢ĸ棬Գʱȶһĵܣ԰ѵΪԴչ¶豸
һǳ󵨵ļƻһɹؽ׼ɹݲΪǿѧĳϡǺ޵һλݵĳϣζŹ岻ӵвƸҲǻۣʷǰ١
Ϊ෢֪ѾܾöûлسǱһֱĹҹϹҪ꣬ȻһϢʱ䣬ĸ׳ȥߡ
֪ƴŬ£෢üĿпʼ֮ǰ֪յĸ׵ѶԭϹʱ䣬ĸһȥˡ
ʲô
֪ʳǱҽԷ֧֧ᣬֻ˵ĳֺѲĴȾ
ΪǴȾʬҲû£ֱյˡ
֪š
ʱǷǳص£ΪʲôȫǱֻĸȴ¶ûУ֪ʲô
ĸףǲô
ģôģ˭ȾΪʲôмҲȾߣ
񼣬֪ҲûзеĹҵҵزԻ׫д꾡ı档űȥȴĸܼҵ̸
Ӻסģ߶׬ǮҪص磬ҶҪعӰ쵽ǣǰµŮˣ
˵
֪ȡ
û˵
ڴҵӡУԶǵº͵ŵģЩĹȫͬ
ֻܼ˵
һάѪͳûȥӺҲһء
˭֪أ
ֱش˹ܼҡ
ӺǶȱֵ̬ȣҲѪͳҲӰ쵽ǡڷѾȻüĿ⿿ǿѧЩϲδؾͻңҪĳ롣
˶٣Щ̱
ֻҪˣǵĸͶˡûиûǣңάĵط϶ѡһδȥİءѪӺ˵ѪҺǴδںݵõƴֻҪ΢ӣǾͻм㣬Ϊҳϡ
˵ܼĵķӭ
ģȥţûи˲ҪµǣңҲӵ顢罻ԺΨһΪļֵ
֪ά֣һӾ˹ܼҺĶԻ˵ĸ׵ʵ
ǻ׼͹ֻܱССĹɻȫΪ׳롣
֪𣿵Ȼᡣ
Ҳ³çˣڸɣ˽ȴ̽Ǳķ򣬸֪˶̬ȡ
һ̽ŷ֣ȷܼ˵Ѿˡ
Χ˶ʼżڳǱԮҲһ˵ˣάĹУʦԸͨ
Ȼˡ
ʱ˴ԽͰٴߴĽȣһʱ䣬Ǵǰٷ
ȥΪ¶𽥷գΨһ罻;ԽԸΪе
ϵˣɱĸ׵ĳˣΪԷ̤ʯԷѪͬʱᰵЦǸɵϣѳ˵ˡ
ڶԹֵ֪ʮ
ѧҵҲе֪ʶͺջرάеƷ滷෢Ѫ֮
ȻɷֻҪͼһССĸĶĶȻۣܲȴᵼ·ĳѸջ٣ʾʱȻʧܡ
֪ƻ෢ʧˣһڰǿѧʾʱ
˴ǳ׷󶼻һҹԭݣճΪһЦ
ЩԭͿĹ壬ǽʧܴһʱ䣬ҳϯκ罻ϣΪѾΪŵ罻⣬֮Ȼ˽˸Ц
ɶʱôһŭ֮°֪Ͷ˼Ρ
ٶҲ֪һΪڼΣһϵϣӹһ١
ڣ֪Ѿĸ׵Ĺǻңվ˼ǰĴϡ
뿪ʮأ鵱ȻЩ꣬ǶδҲϣ
˵Ӻ˶Զ飬Ҫ׿ϣҶ񣬲ΪѪͳΪū
֪ǳڴҲĸָָȥǸĹ磬ĸ߶ϵҶҪصġ
ѵ·ϣ˵ңԶĶݸиȽŵˣȻСȴѾྪ׻үǮһ̨ε෢˵͸Ƚŵ֪ڴϺúñ֣ȡôүĲܣλˡ
Ϊ̨ԭ͸պþģҲԺȽŽһ·ĵá
ûʲôɣǾǻΪѡ


129 úһ
ˮ
Ǿ뽭úĴڰǰǴӺء
λŵһλ͢ʦһԣ˵߾ѹǴѹͻ˵۱ˡ
ʱϾǵضˮֱӰ˵λʦĻŲɡ
ʦ˵Ǳѹڱĺˮ򣬺۵İ壬һǰҪѪ֮֡
ʮ
ӴٲߣѱķΧһ½˾ǡǾɾĵλòãҪѲӼ档ѾǨ߾ͲһˣϣžֻҪߣϷǷʦⶨĴ󼪷λ԰ȫ
ǨۻѿܷԼҵĺˮԱضӳȥ
ɽϾڴµĻҵǻʵҲ˵ҪͲҪ۾һӣԿúΪɣѺˮԱפȫأΪʹá
ÿЩֻҪһ˰ѣͿпɽú󡣲Ա͹߶Ҫ׼ֻ͢ǮıһûУǰڰڵط˽ú
ǮҲղˣΪĵ۳׵ܵ뺣ǩԼԼ˽úʮڡʮڣƵؿɽú֧ķãӺפ׳Աأ÷Ŀʹá
ʮϷѣȻǽ˻ĵСӵ·Ǽָ˺´ͷ˴ˡ
ȻһԼҪء
ǴӺĽظǻĵ۱˾²̨ѹųµԴҪ
ֻҪװһ׮ͨĺƭ¾ͲᱻӢĴӺ
Ϊ̬ȣڽĺóһʱú󳹵Ϊһ֮ء
Ӻǲõģ˵Ǻ˺˵ġΰšЩΰš轭úǣǰú󻮳ԼڶֵֹĹأг󶴵˶Ҫء
ʱúһС󣬳úһ㣬ҲǺܿɹۡʮǰúȻµĿ²ȻúȴܳɫĻͣܿ˸ע
ԼʱǩʧЧúӦӺջءɴӺĻʵƺأԱ̻Ϊɣ򽭱úפ˾ӣǻȵֻһ౨ӵһߣ޷Ӧ֮£ǹȺפ˾ӣȵɺ޶²ظ˵׼ɽۻ̾ڽúӻ᲻
˻һһƬȻ
βǿǺɫĻܹͣúͺ͸ָƷĺöǵÿ궼ҪѴʽںڻ͵ģ
֮䣬úһֱͻϡǴ󹫹ջռϷ磬Ҳȫƽú󡣺ˡˡӺѷ˶и̾Χĺúó׹˾ǽúϵĹߡ
ڽúȡԴˣҪúó׹˾ɽͷ˰úó׹˾ҵúļǿǰıĴӺϡ
ǶǸʾϵĻΪڽúҵûƣΣյ㣬Ҳ׬㹻˵ġ֪ƭϵǶнӺոߵͷ˰ÿֻҪǽȥҪǮҲҪսڵĿǮǶɻģڵ˿ҲҪңõĹǮ˰ģ
żа꺺Ĩ˰ϵѪ
¶ʮǺȻ˵Ҫ˰ǮҪǸͲ뿪Ҫծǲͬ⣬˵ԺˣҪؼҡǾͰǿס¾ڿÿֻһȷھñӳ飬˾ϳȥɽ¡
ö˶ĥˣŵҲʣ˰ѹͷӡﲻǴӺΪʲôӺҪЩһĶԴ̤ԼػҪեɹѪ
һ˵һ߿ޣĶǷŭͱ롣
Ŀͬ΢޷һҲ֪͢ڽú̬ȡۿʼؾͱˣǱˣʵǲƬɽлѽǮ;ӣǵȲ߾ֹ
Եɽ£ʮްΪҲǱƭɻģ˲öȵʹżȰȥ
߰ɣǻûЩ˷֣Ͽߣȱץ˾߲ˣ
˵Ϊ׵Ǹƺ⣬ѯ˵ı
꺺ּʹش˼䣬кȻ
ǡ
뵽һܣʱЩ
Ǳ߾Ǳ߾𣿱߾úˣ
ϸһǰ׳ǣȫ˱ֹͦжȣһܹѵģ󻹶ŹĹҵĴӣȴ֪װʲô
Ϊ׵üĿӢӾԲúıĴ庺Ǻ˼ҳĸӡ
ӡҳɳ˱һơ
ηǰú󣬾Ҫ̽һֲ̽ƵκͻͼΪոú׼
ϸ³ݱ½һ׼ʹ̾ڽúеĸӽúԱһֱҶ֮ĹأǶԭָĹϽΧʱʼ𽥱̲ʳԭİգҪôɱ¾ҪôΪūʹ಻
֮ǰλʵ۶ս£µۣѾõ̫׿ϣķΧջذǰʧĹûغķء
ȻҲû뵽ʱô͵ʵϣԭĴ㣬ôԼʮʱȹ̱߷ʵװѵʮԴոú󣬶غҶ
ݱֵĳָıһС
ԭѾ򲻵ķǹѾáṹȽǹԶǹȡҲԴԴϵصõ䣬˵߻ԵķǹЩǰ붼Ķʱݱֹã
ؿɳܵضˣٵȴҪԼ֮ú⡣
ķԣ˶ǰ룬һ֧СӣǱ뽭ú顣
Σյģ׿˵ҵļ̳˾̸ֻֽҪ̺սеõ
ҳԼҲԴҲ飬ĦȭԾԾԡսӺգȻ״û˵ȴоó׵Ľ⡣
ҳҲӶʤҰģѾȥǸ˵ݣֻǵĽܳ۳ɳΪոʧӺУԱϵҫ
ҳɣҲΪˣ


130 ú󣨶
飬ҳ̤ǰ̡
ǰĸ׳̸һΣϸ˵Լ뷨ԸһرԼĳЩŵ
·ܲ׶ӵ˼
ʵϣڼҶڣ·Ѿǳ˽Ըӵ뷨ǶнҵģһչǿԸʲô赲ǵĽŲ
ѩӧ£ҲͬҵȻ⣬ѾΪǰ·ϵ谭ĸ׵ȻҪæɨ
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չ˺Լ¶දӣ˵ҪһȾɡ
˶٣ƺԥһ£Ȼվһ¾װ
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ҵȻС˺ܶࡣŹذŶ߶ͣǣȻһҹ֮䶼ûżҲ˵ʲôλӡ֮ˡ
ҳȻ֪Լĸ׳ˡ
ļУĸ״ûйκζ¼ߵʱҲֻǶҪൣǣҲиķӦ
ڸףֻҪ¼Ҳ֣һǲԼǵġ
ڸ׵У¼ȹ̺󷽵һֻ֣Ҫ¼Ҳ֣ʱ򶼻ԸӣάͥӵȨ
ĸ׳֣ʵҳ⣬Ҳһ˿ǡ
һͨУ顣˶û֪ʵܿڿӱѡνǲС飬õ䷢ǹͷ
ҳɸЩϤֱһðա
һǰԲ뵽гһԼᱳźĻսû˸¥ǳֵĴɱҲѾīڴѧԺԺоľԼҲڸ׵İ½뱱Ƕĵ·ϡ
ţ·Ҳûʲôá
ҳһ£еԲС顣
ݳƣȽϷּңҲҲĵ·ڶ뻹ʹϻУ˵ؽúֵܵס߾ˣȷ߾ʧͺܲˡ
Ǿ˵Σȴ֧˴ۣ롣
ǡǡ߾ɣ
˼ֶǵԼĴѹֱʻ
ǰɡӺľˣ
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ʵҲҪж㣬춯ȫԼʱǵλñ֣ҲԼʱ룬ɽ֮ºۼ
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ղšǿǰͷ𣿣
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ǰҲûбֻûг͢ɣֻܷС͵͵Ǳ롣
һʼͺ˻Ϊɵپݶǵе̬ȣЩ˱޹˼ɣҲö֮Ա˷𹥻
ûйٷɾͶжᱻҪܴ֣ҲõĻս
ǿ߰ɡ
˶˶
ǰʱ亣ϣ˴̣ǹӶ˲ٺˣڻڿûء
͵͵϶򲻹ǡ
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ûн̬ͣѾ͸¶ĳЩѶϢ
˵ۿ졣
¡Ҫջؽú󡭡
һ˲£ѹ˵
ˣǰ֪ߵ˻жңҿ̫ˡ
˿űǻռ˿߸ͣǱߵİնū
ԭֻڶ󶴻ȥ;˱Ӷ˾ӹᡣľر࣬˵ģǵʿը˿ɽ󶴣滹ڸɻūˡ
ȻغֱϺ£ֱӷԽʮ󶴽ķ¡˵ľӼֵסڿӪūǶ˶ܣԼߵʱ䡣ڿ˷ųĶ̻ѬֵĸҲŹҵˡ
˵Ĩһᡣ
֮󣬺˹Ӷȥɨʬ壬ұȥ˿͡ôһٻĿһҹ֮ʬҰϵȾˣ⣬ڣ£⣬ûһܺ۵ģ
ȻֻʱĲҿ˵Ļ˶ͷֱ۾
ǵģﻹǴӺأɴӺİȴ˼̤Ϊʧְ
ǰû취ȵۺµǺˣֹ뱱羳ĻڱС
Ԫ̫֮ǰĳŵȫֱ֧Ա߾ñȻ̬ڱԳѵûк±˳·
ոµ۾ջѹڵĽúڴ֮ǰɳ֧ǲСӣ͸úڵľ·ֲȻȴµ´ջگԺ
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˽ϵˣҪǿԼվȴҳɰס˶
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ܴ·ΪҰΧ·ò࣬Ȼͱץȥˣ
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ҳɻû·˶ԷеġС·Ȼһλ˻ͻ˱߾ԼǴͬǰ
ǵĿĵݶ󶴣󶴾Զķģлˮ㡣
ҳɵļƻΧĵκͻֲǵҩפڵأΪͻϮս׼ɵΪ뿪ô걱һֱ̲ʳ˵һУ̰Ĳֻûǹ
úⳡսҪǿ׼ɨβʱԲˮӴѧҪ
ǵģΪսҳɻصȥ̡û¶κιؼϢֻһЩضĳսۣǳ
ڣѾԽԽƽؿԼ볤ֵĹϵˡ
һеģԴڴ̵ɱȲô츳
ǸˣͺһܻȻɵսڲ䲶׽ؼһ˿սץסܽչսŬڷҲ޷ֲĲࡣ
ΪλָеǴδϹ˴˵ݣҳȴио̤ʵ֧ţĳλܿɿˡ
ҲôŤ꣬ΪԸ⿴ֳ츳תһƽƽĴͷɣ˶ΪսĹԼõֶȥӣᱩҲпԭ
ڵҳȴˣΪҲҵԼó¡
һѼ⵶˵ࡣ˵ѪͰ֤Լѫ¡
ҳһսеǹ
¹ˮڱǹӰҹĻеϢᣬܿããɽС


131 ú
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ԣװվ𣬳ָ졣
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ǶǺ̩ŵľˮĹӶǰ֧ԮĿЭˮȡرոշʮ
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򲻵ͣ͵취ܹúԼัƷǺҵҪԭϣԵʮͿڵϢˮϱǣȫȡ֧֡
ʮϣϣæں޴̣˲ö¡ǵ˸ϲӶϾ󹫵ıҪѴʵĽǮϣձ᲻á
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ǵһжΪϵĴҵΪ˵۹ǸԸһУ
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ٴŸ˻ϻӡ
ЩӶսǳϣǵľӶˮƽҲѹ·±߾ôãϾе߾ǳӣⶼһ¹ȥ˫Ȼԭشת
ȥսȫֱԽ³ӣͨϣܽϿȣֱﱴֵĶõ幬
˵һٿڽӵ
ϣܽϿȻ̫ðգѡڼ½Ϊ׵ܹǣҿɶеߵĺΧǵĻΪϰİӣ
˵ӣϴͻϮӪصʱһȺӺūǼֱսֻܶܲðӵ±ȥǵɴɱĲˣҲǷˡ
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ˣ͵ľˣӵȽĺޣǵ־жҲԶԶλҪҵı׼ȥҪǡ
Ҫʱĺ似ʱ׼ΪϵĴҵ϶Ⱦʵҵȫֵ֧۹ҵķչһ첻ңԶˣ
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϶ˮ糤ҲŵųˮƵĿܺʵʾס壬ԱռƬء
ƻѾʩ꣬ԭеĴӺ򶼱ȥϣץūͬˮĵؽϾӺ˻ҪôҪ󱣰Ҫôþȫɱ˳ΪĴȡ
ľŮǴǵĻйģСеü⣬Ҫ½񻶣Ȼ𼱴ٵĽŲȻԷֽϳһӰ
ˣн鱨
϶ֵشŮš
ʲô鱨ôϣ𣿣
ĸҿֻܱظ߾һöŷݸǹ
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Ůϸ׵ֱ۲ҷϪİߣɢš
϶ϲˣȴ䲻һƿ˼ڵϡ

϶ߵ£ŵƹżֿһ飬ȻҪȥӪҪ˱
ҲҲӵĹ֮ǰһȾƵļ¾۵һֻһûζľ⣬һݸմ͹Ľ鱨
ӺСʵگˣҪջؽú뿪ȻҪչ
϶ȵɫףݺݵһӡ
ɶ񣡽ѾǺأǵѾƾʲôǣ
϶糤Ҫż
ŸҡҡͷϿ㵣ǵ˼
ֻǺķϻˡҶ֪ӺʵۻǸСگĸ״ΪǩģһŮʲôʶ֪˵
ǰ˵ǸѸˡҪǳ˵䣬һǩôɵֻڵҵĽţ
λĻȫûѴӺʵ۵گһ¡
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ڱĴţ϶֪ʵЩǸࡣļӪأʼк̶ܴΪǱվźĻҡ
ʵ˭Ҳ֪ƻڰǰҲӺ˵ʱİ׳ͨסͨ˴ӺʦĹϵ۽úӡǣƶ˽úȨ
ͺ˫ŵѿɵõһȥӺʦΪȷӺʵ۲ıӶҲġƻ
ƻã浽ʩеʱ˺ܶ鷳˭û뵽ϣ˻Ȼһţ췴ѾಿҲýúķһνƻ޷ʩС
ʱĽúֻǸͨСÿúϼֵߣûҲҳȭ϶ȵ游ʵһμѵӡ
ú˺ͣһоͶˡ
ӽ˶ԴӺ೯õ£ȷʼǸɡ򣬴ӺľӲ̤롣
һ棬ҲӼӽӺĳʼǿӲɶԱԱ׿Ϊ̣Ժ̬Ҳǳ
һǰӺʵۺȻУΪλ̳еֵòɿյľӽ˽ú
ԭΪǸûʵסĺûᣬ׿ʱʱСɱϮţߵӺҲӺϽ֤ݣϷǳŭ
ǣ𾪾ɾǴΡ˸¥¼
ԭ׿ĻᣬѴӺļǿӲɹһ򾡡ڴӺʿ㳲ֻɱ˸ôû𵽼޻Ч
ڻ˸¥ʧܷ·ǸԤסʱʼһжʼķչ
ݰˡܽ赺ʧءʧء
ӺСʵۺȻ˵Ҫջؽú󣬻´گ϶ʮֲ⻰Ӻһλʵ˵ģ϶ȴԺڳЩһ鿪ȨӺڷƨΡ
ڣǰնûˡ


132 ֮սһ
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ӺҪɱҲǱ֮ǰ͵͵뾳ĹģЩǵǹƽսвһɽأǾͲ˵ˡ
뵽϶æҡͷڨЦ˵
ôߣҵļﾭӪ˼ʮ꣬һжǵѪ
ֻǡֻЩȣʲôʱӺĻʵҲĵˣ˵ǾǸСëôѵǵûиﲻѶϢ
˵һǱҳϣҲǻˮ
ŵ˶ЩûӵĿȷӣ΢˳˼ҪѾвٵù
϶ʵԸȺӴ򽻵ĿҪٲϲҲű¡ŵȺҲѴ򷢡ֻҪóԺúȵغţԼ϶ܻܴﵽĿĵġ
Ȼ˵³ע˲תˣתʼЧʵ£ЩûеĻƭϣҪл̨
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ӺĻʵǸССӷźݻʲôϡģϿֶβӿʯͷѡ
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һʯͷҲûãֻܿŻȥĸףҪĸױźѡ
Ҫ˵ʲô۸ˣҲþɾǸѸʶһʲôˣ
ֹһ죬ľƽӺıһֱͣڱ߾⣬ûʲôĶ
϶ȷģ̩ŵļλϯ仹˴ļţʮҡ
飬˿֯סǵģǲ԰Ρ
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ҳص˶ȡܽľ飬Ϊִ൱ܵļƻ󹤵İ£·ѰҵһصССаǱѩǣʱɽ飬ΨʱڿɹͨС
ҳץסᣬĹ򵥸죬ǿܹΪʹͨ;
ɵӰӳͧվ𣬱Ľʿȫװȴҳͧͣ㡣
һˮڸߵĶΪǱ룬ͧϲûаװװãԴڼܹͣʱǳ̣Ҫȫٵ½ϰ
ְ׳ϵСӳԱֽסľ׮Ȧٶܵ͡ᣬϵľѸϰߡʵɫ£ԶѲֵǹ˸űĹâ
ЧǰϣÿһӶĳڱֻǻ˼˴δע⵽
Ҳиֻ˵עںˮ򸽽ˣ˭뵽گ´֮ǰѾкüֻСǱ뽭ɽ֮Уܽ˲á
һ·ģλڿĺפء
ʱפһƬţ󲿷Ӫڶ˴˷ֻǵĸڵƻţʿǿ񣬶ԿŲʱϮ˯⡣
ʱ򣬱ǰȻһ⡣ٺɫĹںڳɽԵøҫۣ˲ڱע⡣
ֻǻûʾһ⵶ѾȥҲǼӵĹܼÿµǹȻڸӪըŴ˷ļкʹھŵɽвϻ졣

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ϣ˿ûôֵĶǴӺˣ
֮սȻͷĺܴȫ𣬵õһЩսҪѶϢоͰӺʹһֵķ˲ҲܴﵽСڵЧʮֳɫ
Ҫ㵽ֻ鱨ζصһͲڵ̽Ӷ˺üϴѹøɸɾҵֵĻᡣ
򲻵ѣȺ˭뵽ԥУúͻϮ
סס
³ǾþɳϽϿʼȶ˾ġ
ǿڲ˲̫࣬ڶңֻҪԼңЩӺ˾ֻܱӪԹ
˵ľҲģʼֽҪȥñӵӡ
ֻһΣǻļˡ
һˮţһܼĵ㶵ͷǰŸֱӱɸӡ
ͻͻͻͻͻͻͻ
ƨ˻ȥˮԺǽ͵͵⿴
ɫҹĻУ޷ԷжΨвԶһ㽨ϼһ֪ʲôĻϵżŻ̸֮ͬеĿޡ
ǡʲô
оͰ͵߶
µǹô١ǴӺ»
˵⻰ʱ²ֹĻȻֹͣˡ
Ժǽµļ˲˿Ȼпյ꣬һ
ǹ³Ϳ˿µһĻ
͸ղţ˶ĿõֻǣһӸղŻŵط籡ֱֱżڵСԺ׹䣡
䡪


133 ֮ս
䡪
ӳ˽úİƬա
Ŀ񾭰ۣĹӳͫУľ֡
ǡǵˡ
ص˼Զ˴ڵķλ·ܱܿв
ǴĶ洫ģǺ˵ĵ̣ܼǹ˲䣬һΪԼΡ
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˺ǹӶִˣ
ûȥӡ֤ԼжϣȻҲܼͬǹ
ͬһʱ䣬ϺȻ׹ĻЩҹĻӳ¸ԣϵԾ˵ٶȻգ֯ͳһŽɫľ켫ķ֡
һӲĹԱΪս
ܡ
ⲻǺͺս
µıѱ亹ʪڲԾزУ촽ȴ
û˿µĳëķԭסսУҲǹڵϣ콵ģ²ǾᵽĩУ
˵Ӻ˵ɽжסѵڴ˿Żή·ּ
үүˣ
˻Żŵܽϻźεľ֡
ſ󶴵ĴӺ˷˱

µվֱŶ
ʲôҲ䣿ǸʲôԵģôȺūˣ¶ͼأ
¶ͼӵĶӳԱŰ߱ɱñӳˣҸֽڰĿŰ
ҪΪ¶ͼеϵ취ˡڿز㣬Ļж˸ʩŰֱң
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ԡȻǺ˺ڴ𡭡
ԱսǴӺ˵ĽǹȻΪگ޳ջؽúô
»Ƿگϵÿһ֣ǰСӳֵݣĴĿġ
֡Ҳ˵źݻ¶ҪոأǶСӺǸСʵˣ
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תҲ֪ǲĴܾԭڱǹھԼķԽԽǲʱĻҲǻҲһ̾ͻ䵽Լͷϡ
ô죿ӺľĴˣһͬǺͺ˫߿ս
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ѡһʰͼҵߣӺ˵ľӻûʼĸ¾쳷롣ǹԹ·ķϣҲӺľӲΪǣֻҪʱܿŭū󹤾ˡ
ڶ·ѡӶԱʩԮ֡ãԺͺ˺γɰΧȦһ̤ͬ뱱ĴӺӣϾľӺ˽뱱ж޵ģڽúĳɽעܴսеƽйҲȫûʤ㡣
ˣ󶴵ı
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µɨ⣬˿ŽɫҹգӺһڶ𣬽µĵذ嶼΢΢𶯡
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ؼԭҲȲҵǿᣬȻҲᱻżƶĵطǳ˾ӵģǹӶҲǾþɳϽʲô¶ͼĵƦå𣿣
ҵߣҲӺĻʵ´ֻʰЩûвء

ǰְ֮ǰ޹أ˶ǰ¶ͼɵģûɱӺĿ󹤣ǺϷӪˣ
ⷬԼԼİοɵȴûС˵ûɱ󹤣ɰ¶ͼʩŰʱҲûֹԴΪµĽӵӺŮ˵
ںϷӪ͸ǸЦˣúԼڼʮǰѾˣһֱ͵ԱϵĲƸһҲδֹͣ
Ϊ飬һҲȣҹʰ·
еĻӶߣһĿ󹤻ֿܵһӺľڱǺͺսһʱ̻˲ΨһķվЩ󹤡
Ȼ󹤶ûļͶĻлģ˾ɱһѪ·ֻҪܸڴӺӸϵǰ뿪֮˭׷ɱ˵
ĺܺãϧ첻ԸһӪؾҵĹ
ʼֻǵʯ顢״±ΪǱĿ󹤣ԥӿǹǹ˫ĶԾ̸ı䣬ɻĲʯǱܼٱĽ衣
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Ϊġ
Ϊǿ󹤣ȿǹĶԱױı䣡
ڵǣ΢ӵ볡ġӪߡӷܲءگ翹ɣ
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屻ᴩҵʹȥеʶ
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134 ֮ս
һҹȥͻ䡣
ǰռ˽սҪ壬ȫոֻʱ⡣
ǺҲûնɱ˼һͷ˳룬Ҳ谭װԱ뿪
ȻҲи翹ߡ
̵ĵȻǺ̩ţҲǽפһ֧װһڼ񣬺ġ
ֻǽʵϵġǰ̩սϸеΪṩȻĻѹƣǿȽĻ֣ȡս
ûˡûУѹټϱ𹥻ʱ꣬һʼ̩žȫѹŴҪѱȵ졣
̩ţҲȫû
Ȼ޹ʽ˼ҵĵ̻ŲߣΪʮ˺ޡ
ǰǻʵ۲öµ۷ּ̩ҪǻҡҲʱ˵ǹ𲻴Ӧû뷨
ǣǹһʱսЩմ˿ѪĶħڽɽУΪԩ
ɱ￴˲ˡ
УʶҪǹӶ
ھ˺˵ͻϮʧأûȻָԪ˱ҽ缲籩ĻѹƣǹӶͷǳʶ࣬˾ٰͶս⡣
Ͷˣֵ̾ڿϵɽ˺ѾǵԭԴӺƽʱ뱱ҲһЩ˹ȥȰ˵ɽǹһ¾Ҳ˳ƷΣʵʵؿͶ
յϢסڱıոϢеТǰʵأֻΪڴ˴ˡ
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ۿʼɥʧĹ˲֪ٺԩ꣬ӭˡ
һڱؿƵģͷٿ
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ҳڵСӳеǰǱͺͻΣЩһֱڽĴɽתƣԿ󹤺ͬ۵ʹġ
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ҲýӢ䣬ڰ׵ĽϳˣȻٵȸʮֻ߰꣬˵ӾǺסĵطǷߡ
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ηϳ˵Ǳƶڸɵʱ̫һ̬汱˵˻
Ϊ̫˵˻¸ܿòСʵ۷ǷǿӲġگ
ΪǱֽϵǻĽΪ׿ԡ˸¥¼ЮЮ׵СϢ˵̫δˣǹȻλ
˵ҺȻ;̫Ҳ֮ǰΪôѱ޺
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үү˵ϼǰںҶһȥĴ㣬һ޼ʵأֳ֭ˮ͸𡣡
§ԶǹľѻĨ˰ϵĻԶᦴТȺ
ɶʱҲȥҶ˵ڶ˺õķʣүү˵Ǳߵɺ֣ʲô׳ʵҪ˷Ͽ϶ܱɱ֣
Щռ˿ϧˣֲֵأװ̻ġ
𼱰ĵġ
ҳɶӲĴɽһЦдһ˿ƶ
СӳеΣյȻٶ˲ʣܹǶŻˣҲǹѵꡣ
ĿǰΪֹ֧Сû֪ФɡʵݣһʼɸմӾУҵ±ӣȼʶı죬ФԶΪһӵͷˣȫԱĵ䡣
ҲáФɡĵôҶȫȫβػˡͻϮȫʤμСӵ˶ܵõҶ԰ɶʮŷ
˵⻰̾ͼµ̽ͷʵ
ӳ˵ǽܴ򵽺Ҷ
Ȼ
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ҶԭǱĵ̣ջˣûźҶռš
˵ģôһƬúõأռŶ̻ģΪɶҪԼ֣
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ͷףȻĥֵص¡
ү˵ҶϴϴˣһߡȻһֻһϺõĺܴʳ
˹ǰסںҶľʮͣũæʱС޶ǻвû˸ֱ̻ġҪոҶǿɵöలЩũȥɻȻũʱﶼꡣ
ʮ͵˶꣡
ţɣôأۼ
һҲеͷŲ˵
Ȼûүƭҵģôأ
ҶǱ֮磬Ҳֻ࣬ҪֽڿܳԺȲո˺Ҷٿ֪ǲǴţˣ
ҼҲ˵Ļ˴룬׷׳ôһصҪ˲ֵĹ
ûܲջغҶ
ۼ֤һս󣬱ıƽһ鵽ѹƵˬУֱѹŴıƴӴ˻ҷеֻŭǹķ
Ҷһջģ广Ǳ߸ķء
ֵؿǸ۵ţ࣬·Լδ﹡߷Ĳҿ
ϧЩȫŲҳɡ
ھصԽУΪȫͬһĵֲ̫ĺȽСŵżеõһҪϢ
ȽСһȼʹ֬ȻٶȲ죬ȴؼĸţҪö࣡
ǣֻسڵ״̬ʹãˮ䡣
ƾһ㣬ҳɾ;Ҫֺ֧ѵķǱδջصıأʵ̫ҪͺĻ


135 ̫Ұ
⣡⣡賿ɹո
ԼѵڣگˣĿ¹뱱
ʱ׽սѽֽĹȨ
һ磬ǵĴСﶼűӵ౨ֽյϢǰӡɻǵֵס˳ûһֽȫ
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ո˽űֽȥݼеĳ˵ȼ꣬дСƹкȵƹݵĶԲȣ˷ܵȺף
ǵϿȼ̻Сʵ۷ͣ½Ų²ͷۿĸٻû⵽
̫ӿҲͣ½Ųվһ̻ͬ
װΣŶǰݣñɹոολ档
Ȼ̫ĸУ桱ԶǷž޵ġߵȺֻǡɡӺڵļѶǡɡծ
ǣ۽ջҲ˰ɣϾε˵ǾͷӡڽͲýԶղ
̫Լɷ
Ǹº͵ųˣҲֿʹѾеľʱֺͳűܵη塣
ȵ۵ǻǰɷҲΪ̳˵ĺѡȻû˰Ѹӵ£Ϊѹһزһغ
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ΪɷǸõˣΪӵӦȴӲκҪ˵ĻƽҸ
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Ҳ治˶ʺʵ۵ģʹڻϷңҲͳ̫һλɱϵѪ
еϣѪĴǲʵģͱǼңѾǷּң̫һѪԵʮֵɾһ⡱ֵ϶ˡ
Ķʲʺʵڻȴ֪ҿסڶۡĵۣӺĻҵԲܰ诵С
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ʼ÷ҵĿʮֲףһλﹲʱѹָҪԼ߳һƬ졣
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ȽīڴѧԺҵԱڶ˺ܶأɹϳ˻ǰҩźҲǸš
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ҲѧϰֻۣҪ˵ġġԸȫΡ߷պ͵ۣ˾ŴˣѻָӸɣŬԼó¡ûйͻпͣʷٲ͵ĻʵۣҲδһ·
ȻĻʵȥһ㶼ܱ鷿Ҫõöֻ࣬Ҫע㣬͵ôǿԼˡ
һԵ̫ɲ֪רעæڼݵʱ׵ĶӺѾȷԼδִ
λº֪͡ζƵĻʵۣڳɹƶ˴ӺйƵıȨȨ͸ȨΪɽĵ۹ٴעʷƹ
ֻǧʷѧǸ벻ڻʵڻǸ׶ʱѾȷĵ־򣬶ԭŲʲôհԶֻǵλʷŮμĸ׵ġ£Ӣ̫ڻʵ۾ҲСˡ
ˣ߰ɡ
̫һ䣬кڷĶӡ
ոѾ֪˷ҵȣָһҪոҶûذľԱʧأָ̫ʱĽͼ
ΪĿ꣬Ҫᱱľ񡣵ڴ֮ǰҪɨе谭ڸϸͨľ졢ԼľҪϲжԴڱԼ֣Ϊһս׼
ȻҪģջؿ󱱱ռĴͣǶߵĺ
诺սǺҶͰľԱعϵӺİ̫ʱʼľ뺣ҶǱĵһߡӺı߾Ȼɹֵ˵Ľһ˿󱱻ԭΨһĲۡ
˻ʣҲܲʳ㹻߾Ը㣬ڲϵѹҲᡣ
̫ӵͷᡣ
ⲻζһǮ
ƽҪס߷ǮԲʡ˿۾ĽɥʧԭͺҶʮ߾ʵһҪǨ񰧵һȥ
㲻ѧģ԰ɣ
Сʵ۽ŵ˿ڿˮɵĵͷȻƴҡͷŵ֪Ǻá
ţҲǱŹһء


136 
ոϢܿ촫˺
ľյ߱ɫڵס
̩ȫû󣬸ոյֵͿԭĿҲˣӺıѾ˿ȫɽ˺ϣǿ͹ɵسԼռĿ
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ҵĻˮ磬ȫûҲ˴Ӻ˵ķ²֪ҧٰصĶӡ
ǣʧֱӵºڿ󱱿صȫ¶ڱ֮¡Щص㶼ǡƻӪĲķ˴ҲǺı°ͼ̡
Ѿоʧġ񡱿ʼҹ룬ò˶ã󱱵ġᱻøɸɾ
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138 
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ĸغͶǿɿˣҵܷġ
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ʵϣҲǾ׿ɵġ
ǰ֪ѶϢҪȽűµıӰ쵽ݱֺͶҩĺ׿ǰԵһŶ衣
Ҫϲˡ
ȽЦֿ
ɱϣһΪʵ˴Ӻ֮
⻹Ͳǿ׻Ƚõġ
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˭ΪξջغҶڱС
ҳɵ͸żᶨ
ҶƽԭʺϷ壬ϣǱפװӡ
ڵĻԳսȻǲռƵģҲûô
Ҷ䣬ǱļʹޡҾũҪܸʺƽԭͻϮսĹ߳Ӧϣİվܴ˲١
߳
Ƚ롣
ǿأֻٶȲر죬ȼƿٶȣȻҲŵũ
µ⣬ֻҪ㹻Ԥʱ䣬ں价Ҳǿʹõģһ㵹ǲõġ
˵ҳɵ˵ͷ
ҲֻһʣûҪ
֪ŵȤ㲻ڻΪϮ˱ƲѲŷ𷴻
ĻȼľīڴѧԺʱھͿʼƣһ·ϵļҳɶҲ֪еļѡ
ҪǻǹôƣǱľеӦǹˣҲѰͻڶ첻
Ѿܺˡ
ҳɵЦϡ
ǴӺĵһ̨ȼúͳһǾǵũûʵ̤ʵʲôͶá
̩ǰ˵ĺöǴҶãԸõĶúͳںֻм˲ӵУũûȫӺ˶õ˵Ѿ˸Ԥֻ׼ũʹˣ
ѿ佱ȽŻе㲻˼
еģҶĸʵ̫䶯һܺ˷糾͵ظϵݳǣĴ̽Ķܸ㵽ũ
Ƚʱǲ׼ũģԼͼֽкܶҪƵĵطũܺͶλĿǰȷ
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Ҫ˵䣬ȻǱзȨ
ũܿס󱱵ϺǸתɹҲǲܣֻĹһ˿겻ɣҪСʦ֧Ԯ
ڣͿȼũı


141 
⼸ռʮ֣ĺ쳹ҰľγԱȣפΧ͵Сӷ׷ܹΧۡ
ȻıЦġ
սһ䣬ǵ̬зɣҲڲ෹һЩЦϡ
źǣСӾЦ֮һ֧СոúսбֳɫѾǰԤ˾ͽھѿʼǰСһֱǱĽĶ
ķתͷھϡ
󱱴͵عϡʺϸֵصȷ٣ƷҲʮֲ
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ԼСص¶ڵʱĸжһš
ⶼʲôʱˣܰԼſڵֺþͲˣҪô
ǴҶڿЦͬʱԼСӵĴͷǱеͬ顣
ǸФͷû˵ǳǰûôֵģԲŸϹǰºڣ
ҪôһƬûⲻҪûʶҲ
ǼСӳʱŻ⣬ھϲϢ϶Цǣ·ܼࡣ
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켦廹û
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Իһظפڸڴ͵͸Ϣ
أФͷֵǸĻʦҲĹ򣬴ĵضʰˡ
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Ͳ㴵ţ
ԻĻǹ˵ĺġ⼸ǵȷǱк¡¡ԭΪǽú͸û뵽ȻФͷҵİ֡
ʲôأ𣿡
׷һ䡣
ФͷǮȻæأҪѺöú̿ġ

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ǶԵöɵ٣ר˿ˣԲ񻹻ը¯ѾǹڵĻˡ
õĿ͵ĻأֻҪЩϾһֱСأ
Щ˵ǶǸԼ⽲Ĵ׻רҵĴʻԻ˼׵ģҲö
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ȽĻءǵǸʲôģ˵ĴԱõĻզԻСӱȴԱôܣ
˭ţߴߴ˵Իţ
ԻҲǶֱӰ˴˼壬ˣȴŷˡ
ֻ۳ͻͻͻĹּһÿּһϻվһˣģǼСӵıֳԲη̲
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СȴһСʯ鶼ģĳӶܸ
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ôԺǲͲ÷أ
ʵϣģԶھɾĵ۹ִҲġ
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ȻˣȼĻأһһīڴѧԺԱĳɹ
ںѧ꣬ȻҲ۹úͳʱ㾪Ϊˡ
ȼǹҵĹؼֱָܺߵᱻȡϣӺҲӵĻ
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Ĳʣʱһֱھз˶˲١
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绯ʣϪʳĻѾȫ֪ôఱһҵĲܾͿÿԶʯӺûൺģ
ũ
Ȼֻũȴʵʵȼúͳ𣬵ȴԼݸȼϣͷͶԣֱʹóɱ԰һ˼ĳ̶ȡ
һͨҲõũˣ͵ڴũׯ԰ũЧҪԶԶʤɱ˴Ҷ㡣
ԣǰ뾡취Ҳ˳ƽļƻ͡ôˮƹ㿪ˣ
⵹Ǻ£ҶոԺ󣬱дؿũũİӺľҲҪָ־ڸֻܹ˲űԽ
ٸԻʵ֧Ԯܽʲ⣬˵ʳȱڡ
뵽̾˿
Ͼڴ̰ʳͻ˶ѻָҪȱȱ׼ũͻʵĵҲ⣬үҪǴӺú˻չԲڹ
ⲻΥ
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ӿֱһگ
̫ڸ
Ȼֻ򣬵̫̬ʮȷѾʵڸگġûкķɣگվҪǩЧ
ξƽαɣϲֱͳЭ
ξݴξһְ۲һ꣬һǱְֳʽζξ


142 
ȽŴСũ˿󱱾ÿ춼۳һ޼ʵĴҰС
Ҳҳ̰࣬ʵСӵĵͿˣһֱڰĴͿأǸũʱǰеĵضһ飬ԤȻķΧ˲١
Ա˵Ǹϲˡ
ؾζŸճɣܹΪƫԶܼʱľʣԸ㡣
ֻܹڱĴס齮һ㷢չ裬ñҲΪһ鸻֮ء
ݶҲܹʹЩũҪһ䷢פ
ҳһ֣صȽٴ
Ҳúܶ࣬һһͱͿˣҿ⳵ܴЩҲܱȱϣȫṩ
Щũڱ̫ҪˣҪѾܾһΣҳɻǲԸԡ
һεȽŵͷӦȽ񶬵ʹýʽϾ쳵Ǽ򵥵£죬ʱ߱Ĺҵʵ
Ҳûڱܾͣãȷũȫк׼뿪
ĴͷΪξһ£޶Ҫ̵ְʱصƵ󱱸ۣİĵܻܵؼҡ
ҳɣ
ôŲ𣡣ôҲһѪĵܵܰ
Ȼ⻰Ҳֻ²ۣ˵ҡ
ڵĴѾζξʱû˵ҲԼ׵һȼˣҳǰ
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Ϊ׿ʩѹԼͿú͸ѹƲסҲҲκξ𡣼ȻԼҶӲвô¼ҾûҪˡ
ο¼ҲûǸѹȥͽ͵ϴˡ
£ҳɶλֳθ֮׳ŵȥŸԷһ棬̹һЩֽţԴ֣صǸ
Ļʮֻּ࣬ҳɵ˻شһŲᣬ·ֻǵڶͬУĺָ㡣
ҳİ֮࣬ЩȻ
ԼҲ˵飬ֵ֪õĽ׽Լѡĵ·ϣ棬ż
ֻżҲ룬ҪǴͬͬĸĴ磬λֳıӰǽĳ
ǻǡ
ҳɻ˻Դͷϸչ˵ܵܵĴ޶ǿξˣоԼάסı飡
Ȼֳǵһοÿһζ֪سŵǶ𣡣ΪʲôҪ·ϴʱҪסŴʧˮôܣ
ҳסۡ
ˣˡ
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׸ҲУҪ淴ģ
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ڵˮһϴҴ˸¥ϱըǺӣء
˵ҳɷе״뷨ˡ
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ǰѧʱʵӺУкܶ˶ѵģǡǲҡ󡭡̫ˡ
ܵôϸ񣬴Ҳ˰ɣ㶼֪Ҷ಻ף㿴һ
ʵûĵġ㡭
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ҳɻ˻ͷ̧Ÿͷ
Ǵظеģ˳ӦӶһʣ׼ͷ򵥵Ľʽ
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ճ룬δΪũӪʱٲ붫ĺԱظʮӣصҪڱٿԵ
ͬĸֵܣԵĿҲ˵ɺˡ
λһ
һƬ׹⣬Ӱʦűص豸һĺա
ǺԱΪʷ̲ͼšͷϵͷ
Ȼڻʲôͷֻʱ΢΢ո¶ͷǵСոյԼ̨ѡ

ȽŻָѸ
ʱٹ˵ֻһῼǣҪǵðҼ¼ȼ״̬
ҳڴӦʵ㰢ŲҲԤУģСֳڱδǸ޴ת
ҲǱ
ĿźѵĴ𺽣ȻûðžͱȰ˴ϡǱߵģһֲݿܵı̬࣬ȴȫ벻ַΧ·Ǳʲô

ҳץץͷ
ϰ˵ʲôˡ
ûΪŸûĻش
ĴҳȴǿˣҼ̳˵ı޿ΣŴΪѾ˹Բַʽ˴𰸡
С˵
ֻǣе˼ⲻǼܺõô


143 
˵ȽҲܾöûˣһ˷ܵ˵ͣ
Ƚ˽ȼũȻ˵ҳɵ飬ֳһ±ũ˵ڸһ¶ǣȽŲŲ˼ץץͷ
ٺ٣磬˵㶼˰ɡ
ʣ΢䡣
ô᣿
ŵ£Ҷ
ս֣һϵܵľװ΢ɣѵ÷ɵģ
˿̵Ĵüᣬֵһ²ܡ
Žʲô㣿
Ƚ롣
Ӧûоȼ°ɡ
ȻСҵ˾ҵ򣬿ɾĿǰ˵ȼúͳܻû취ȣȥԶЩġ
벻ȥߣ
Ц˵
ٹһˣո˷Ϻͳ֮жսѲ洬Ե泡棬벻ȥ֣
ʵʣҲѾ֪˴𰸡
İԭǸ氮ֵӣΪұŲòеص˵ҲһʱûϢˡ
ðЪһЪ¹еİܹʶĿΪļˣһֱΪĽǡ
ŴСͲǸ׳ĺӣͷʱûûҹ˵֮ǰ˸¥֣еĻǺӡ
˵ۼˡԸ޶̰ҲͿ塣Ӻ̩ӢţΪôʮֵġ
ʼɫհܣҪݣȥĵطɵһʱ䡣
֮ǰҪȥ걳ôڹ걳콨ۣʱҪȥѲӣҲһȥɡ
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ڽۣȥðɣϾŸո˿ξ
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ģ걳ܴ󣬾ǾۣԺҲҪڵġ
ܴеˮпǮѾҪˣǲϵ
ޣǾû
Ƚ˷ܵش֡
걳ǶеԴǰһֱܰռ⻹ǴӺһ̤Ϲ걳ء
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ҪȥҪȥһ𣿡
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ԭȽǲֵٸģΪǨ޾˺СӵĹϵȽҲһֱȡصĴߡ
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һ뵽ȽţȽDǰаյøˡ
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֮ǰֵܴۣ֮¹ƵЩʲôȽD޷ܵģǴӱϢոսʹµĻܹķʱںɨս

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ȽDǵڷȥһؿοԼ
Ҳ֪԰׵Ը޷ƽĲΪѾˣڻ޴󣬵Ϊհǳ¡
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ˣʦ
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ôˣԼﻹһҪĵƣķ˷켪ѾΪʱõ棡
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켪оԺһŷһČ^Է켪ʱǫºͣƽҪ档
ʦ߼·ߣԭѡ˭ܲУīڴѧԺĴʼǣĳڲ֮ء
ҪʱĿ̩࣡


144 
ֻҪõͼֽҲǷ켪
ȽDŵġ
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ʱȽDʱʱͻᵽ÷ʦլۡеѯʷзչظʾֻҪóʲôҪ㡣
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ƭԹɫ̽˻ﱳ⣬ȽDⷬο
֪ԷóԺúȾΪʲôҪòԳԲ˶ߡɲǰڲƷʱƭƭ̻£ҪȽң߲޳ǡ
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ѾϰʳɫȮٴطԸ⣬ȻҪ߾ȫŷ켪ݡ
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ʱüּ尾ΪԺȲάּҼơ尾Ͱںɷû˺Ϸ֣ɷޱɩÿջÿŷһȺС˻֡
ÿÿ԰òļ檣ľ͸һۡ
ԭɫƽƽĴݲԽ˥ϣ˵ǷʦĹɩȻҲû˻ɡ֪ȲЩС欣һֻĹ͡ϾԼŮУȻѾܹ黹жӲ
ģڷ켪ĺլһɳȻĵܾԼЩ޼ͬȻһʱ̻ᱻɫԻ󣬵չ黹Ǹҵ棬ûЩϢ
ɾڲǰ켪һС檾Ȼˣ
ܴҪȥҷߣԼĶոף̲סһꡣ
ȻֻӶĴܲˣôôжİǣ
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뵽Ǳ޵ĸˡ
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УԲУ
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˷Ը»Ҫ֮ǰҲ˿Ÿӣʼʯ󺣵òη켪ջǵģ°˾Ҫ֦ͬ
ѾٻȥˣôӺյĵط֦ͬƵĲ񷿾͸جһ£
취õǰͼֽ
Ȼ˵ʾ֭Ҳûҵõİ취
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˫˼ΣǷ켪ЭƱǿ˵׻ҪͼֽһЩҪͼֽȹԼĵλ
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ݺݵһڡ
Ѿͼֽһֽһֽͼ
ﵱȻûʲô顣ʵϣںܸԼһŮΪ켪סϾǸ欵СѾ˻Լ̫̫λò
˻˵׵ʱýŶ϶Ǹ欵
СѾˣһһӣڸǰߡ
Ӻ޶Ǽ죬ϰûС
ȽDߴٵζԽԽŨ켪ҲѵЩţһﾡס
ģǸӶܻе֣Ȼͷʺϡ
»ŶɳǣߣΪҸӶԹ֪ˣŶڷ켪ߺһЩ鷳֦ͬڵĶķ۽ȥˡ
ǼүȣһȫȫβرȫŶѾͶ˸ү£ΪԪͻȻ࣬ȴ·޶Ҳ̧ͦͷˡ
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ͼֽŶһٸԸ⣬Υҵֻű򽻵
ڷйͲ¶ͷȫƸﾭ졣
һһ꣬Ҳ֮ǰ֦ͬʱ˱仯˿⻨һ
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յĽַǰ棬֪ϵ׵Ŷɸһףھֱ⡣
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ɫʮֲá
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145 
С壬ͼֽõˣ
˷߽ܵãѿڶɷľǵ÷ĶʱĻ˳ƺû¶š
յ˷켪һŭɡŶԷͼֽ÷켪˲ˣæչۿ
˵ǿʵ￴öҲǿЩƽֱעһЩ֣ú֮ǰǰͼֽࡣ
ģǹӲüͼֽŪɣ
Ƿ켪ܵ뷨
Ҫ϶ôɣưѾͷѾˣüͼֽ׬滻ͼֽһʣŽл㡣
Ҳȫû̡
켪бۿ˿վǰĽᷢӡ
ȻǹӵưѾͷǶӦûзİɣ
ֻҪӦҲô
ˣҲûķӣһذɣ
ǣ磬޳ȽһյסǰֵķʦȽDȽүһۡ
յʱȽDе㷴Ӧ
ѷʦ뵽޳ôãŰݷãʲôʱʦһ۵ģ
һʱ䣬ʦлرܣװΣȽDʮȻ
Ȼһ֪ʦ˽²ۣҲ
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˵켪΢΢ͷʾ˰׼õͼֽϡ
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ʱˣҸҲɵүߣҴͼֽȥұĻʦ
֮ǰǰͼҲûʲôôҲУɻͻܰһγӡ
Ȼģɷ켪Ҳ¶ϾǮ·Ĵ㡣ڲƷƭ꣬óƭǱץģ㲻þͻͽη
ծϣ켪ŷḻľ飬аӳ죬ǿϧլԺȺĵСˡ
ʦ˼άɢʱȽD۾еͼֽ
ҲϣīڴѧԺؿƵԱȻɼ㣬ɻʶͻͼڣһͼֽ֪١
˵ϰͼƻЩɬۣ°ͼȫǸϵĻشʦӦеˮƽֲϰͼȱݺƣ֮ǰ˼·˺תìܵƵ㣬ǰһ
ȻǷ켪ʦ
ȽDİо
ȷǺķûˣ
ȻϱЩͬɿǷʦ˵켣Ѿ˱仯вͬҲ˵ͨؾЩСϸڣ
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뵽ȽDһзɿĥôܰͼؾΪС
˵ϱӵķ켪һҲôһ־ž޵Ļ֮ȻҲйףȴΪ˼·ƫĶʵã˽ɲžĹȦ
ȻѾžҲûʲôô˰ɣϾ񷣬Ҫʿ̬ûõĶӦþ촦
ֻҪ켪һ죬ȽDĻʦξԴһȥ˲ŻԶܡ
뵽ȽDһĨ׹⡣
ھһĲʹ֮ͲǸ߰ķּүˣѪҪûֺݣ㳤һȽȽDҲһ·гС
ҲȾѪˣõֱܶӿҲںһƽķ켪
ͼֽõˣĴʦԳˡ
ΪԼ˼ʮأⲻ֪ϵı仯켪С
ʦһƭӰ֮ǰΪ¶һֱڰй۲ȽD˼켪Ͼ;쳣Լ׼·ˡ
졭¾ߣ˭ҲԽԽãһҪ뿪޳ǣ
Ҫȥ
ԥһ¡
ؾɾǲܵģɵү֪ھɾϳֵŶɣȥ͵
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Ϊʲôѡոոıֿຮĵطܻȥ𣿣켪ھǶûȥԲܣ
ʯ֮䣬켪Ѿ˴㣬׼ȽDեһˮ
ģʽҪѣģ͵ҪĲϣЩҪԹ֮ǰΪһֱûͼֽҲ˼ȽD
ͼֽѾƵò࣬׼ʵ˳һЩ覴ãЩҪǮ
ȽDûһڱӦˡ
Ҳڵͼֽơ
ȽDڻѧһϵޣȻܿͼֽҲǸ«ˮƽȽƻġ
켪óͼֽƷӣȽD󲻵ʵЧŵȳƷȷ켪óյİ汾ʰҲ١
úζȥǮζϲ˵ȴһֱ֣ΪʦҪʵ̫ˡ
ʲôʯһſھҪ֯԰µƫƫүҲİˣ
ζ켪жŵӡ
ɾСǸƭӣүǰɫƭƭȣ汾¶ûС
ƫүаһͳƭӵպ壬ôλεӶӦ
үǲˣӺ޴̣֯԰ĻķǰǮѾǰ϶£ǮѾǳţ
ԭķʮ֧Ѿ£ٰǮͳȥҪ죡
룬ȴҶ˵䡣
ڵүǰɲһ˵һµķʮֺ壬֧Ҳ㶼˼棬ǵ˲ˡ
֮ǰŸ׬˲Ǯķʮ֧ЩҲȥùͷ滹ȵס
ʱǼ²˳үļξ߶ûյԤеЧ֯԰ʧ֮ǰǮķϴҲۼѾʧƵļүһУһ֧Ҫּ֧ķˣ
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146 
ζĵǲûɵġ
뿪˶ѾվվȽŸķʮ֧ڲʼö
ѵʱҶܽΨ幫һұֵʮǿơΪȽDľôҳͷǮķϴԸİ裬Ƚķʮ֧һɺڵķΧ
־棬ʱֵı仯ܿ쿪ʼ˥ȽDξʧܣ˶ɡִѰҡδӢΪŵķʮ֧ĳ
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Ȼ幫ϰȽDѵһ٣֮ȽDҲࡣģ˿Уһǧɲ˵д˵а߰Ķ
ԺȽDеȨһܿաҲôںء
ȽD֪˸ʦ˵ҪǮլ˵߼۲һ輧ȥźϯʲôƨʦҪ滨Ǹƭӣ

幫ؿھͬ͵ķ䡣
ʲô
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һôǮǲҪǸƭȥˣ
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幫ģʲô׵ģһû
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ٸôǸ棡
˵DǱǮûҲܸȥٸԼţǼҵͳ׳ˣԺDô볯
幫볯Ϊٵأ
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ϡĳʶ·һǰڶݳУҲķʮ֧ȱĸӵġ
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˵ţץϵ˲ᣬžһ幫ǰ˵
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ܳϣҲܶ˵ͷתƻ⡣
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ȷȽDҲǵһζùеǮֻʱ׬˵ģҶųȻû顣
ˣⱾ׬ټԵС
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幫ɫҰףԾƽûܹô衣
ڶݳǣЩ˶վͬһ߼ұҶɺȽˡʲôʱЩ˪ѩкˣζʵܣ
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ѧҵĳ裬ʵڲѧʵĲϣֻܷ
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Щ·ȽD֪ǵôȱңԼڻͬԨ
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ڴʦİ£Ѿ˱ȱȽķͼֽ


147 
ͼֽȽDоŵġ
ϾīڴѧԺؿƵԱȻɼһֱǣͼֽܿ׵ģһݷͼ
ȻӡеͼЩ΢ĲͬϾ켪ԼҲ˵ˣҪģ͵ĹнƣƳƷͼֽˡ
Ҳ̬ţеķʮ֧Ȼв汻סˣ˳˼·ߡ
ѲɾǱֽ˵ġոú»
˵»ˣһٸײеϣ˺ͺˣټĽֻһձȫոٶȿȶ·
»ǸƭһĴʦģ
Ȼǣ
ȽD޺޵صһĨ
ԭܸЩֻһ
ûϵҲüҵķȱõЩҪȽǳҪǵĻģ
֪ζʲô𣿡
ȽDг˿ȡ
ܴǾ͵˴Ӻͷһݵ⣡ҲĹϵҲûʲôں޿ڴ̣̾Ͳȥ
ȽD˵ü·ѾԼһԾΪӺ뢵δ
ͻȣ֯ʲô⣿еǮЩ֯ܿӪľ޴Ļȣ
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ԼɣһһһСС֯԰һ󣡣
˵գͱͣһ־Ӹµ̬еķʮ֧̬ʮְ
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һһġһȽD˵滰أ
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ۿű˷ƣ׸ԣζֱĿƣɬ˯ž
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幫ȶģ̲ס͵͵
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οοȽ˵ԼҲҪͶȫû˻ԼӺԼɡ˵¶Ŷ
ֵľ幫˼ҡֻԽԽ࣬ܿбһۡ
ȽDҲżΪ֪Ľһķʮ֧ĸӣǾԻӦر֯еǮóת
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Ǻܿ죬ͱʵˡʱζҴҵشһһجġ
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ȽDˣ˶õȽŵʱԾ̧ͷеʱ䣬ǶԼӵ֮ŵġ
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ȻŬīڴѧԺؿƣȽDѧԺͷԼȫûлؿƵĲܣǱԼС˺üõȽţڻؿƻˮ
ϰȰ˵ĻĿĿޣΪѧԺȽDڻػпȫûκν档
ȥΪ޷ͨؿ˶Ȱˡ
ʵϣһȽDľʱѡǸĻĿѡѧũơ
ȽDƲũƣҲûκȤҲڹʱ´̰ī¸ʵ֤ձԼ̡
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ȫȫŷ켪ƸƳģеϣϱӵļУŷʦķ⣡
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ǿѹеĲȽDһԼϴԣ֮䵽ԼŲɡ
ֱƷɵһ졣


149 
˳ƷȽDصȥۣʦѡһƵա
ĵķʮ֧˶⽫ȽҪҪĻ֯ʲСʱֲˣȽDһһòôǮ
鿴úء
ֻӼȽDѾмʮ궼ûٽӴѧˡǰīڴѧԺѧ֪ʶ裬ûκηʩζ͵͵ȥ޳Ļţɽ
ȽDһӵ۶˳ϣʽ©ص΢ǰţѡҲǻţɽһءĲݱأ˼żԻû˻õйܵȽDʮְġ
Ѿѷ̣ƽشӲմͼֽʱҲһˣĸӺζ֪ԼүõǸʲô⡣
ǽ죬ˡ
͡ô˵أвһȻܿǸȴģܾʲôط˳
ͷϸˡ׳β
үּһϸϸıⵣˮͰⲻΪĸصġ
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ȽDһ֪ζ˵ʲôԴֻЦһ⡣
켪óʱҲв˸ζһӦɵôǶͷˣھԵʵǰһɶЦ
Զ㣬עⵯͷ㣬ҵҪ롣
źúζȽDȡװ뵯塣
ҲжģΪķ㣬ȽDص˵ײҩϻ֪УҩԽɵԽԶŻӾ޴
һ׼ȽDһߵ˷Ͱǰ
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ȽDĬȻ֣صصȼߡ
һһȼգӳȽDԾ޾Ұġ
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Լ֤һʱĵʱģһף
óȻ;һʹҰһƬѪ졣
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үڵϴԶķͲըһƬǽ壬ϵǱѵƬ
үү
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Ӻ֯ǧǧÿһҶеļͻɫӺĻȴһƾùپζžСķʮ֧˶
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ܾãЩȽҪڳˡ


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صҵȽDČ^ĽܶȽDӡČ^СصȥӾһ뿪硣ȽDݶµģûݷùδɣҲ˵ȽүѰһ޽ˡ
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֪ޣҲȥ޸ͼֻȫա켪Ĳ«߼һ˽
£Ľ˿ɶֵǮúܣصΧ£ҲûҵĻ
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жĿǾصأҲԻеǳΪжṩһЩ
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幫˷ܵúӶˣһӴžޣȻ޴Ļ
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D£ȽDֱϾ죡
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ǕDͷȷȽϲ󣬶ܸղŵĻƴûըĻ̶̫סô

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ѹ˼Ҷ˵ǸӹţȫлĴȲ˿ءôһѾȻһ㷴ӦûУҲ֪ǲľͷӣ
ȽDúƲľͷӣڶȽڱֽš
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ؼģв˸߶Ǯÿһվծһ춼Ȳˣ
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ǱͰ濴ñʲôأȽDƵʱǼ֮⣬һʧͳƭӶȷ顣
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ǿ˸ЦݳذԵĿͳȽǳµˡ
ȽD˵һԾŶӦķֺʱҪˣ


152 
Ҫˣ
µȽDĻʾɡ
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аǮɡ
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ҪȥǮͿǸҲˡ
˵תãһȽ˲ԣҲ֪ܷС·һȺȥ
ãķʮַּ֧ҵĴ档ֻȽDƺг񣬻˸ϲϵģһʤȯյģ
ķʮ֧ǽͷֶҡˡ
һһһȽD˵ġô֣ǰ˸ˣ
ӪϿʼֻ˸ĻЦ˺üĿĬĬص䣬׼һķչ
ȽDɤӣȸͶһöը
ҸDҵһԸ»棬ۡ
˵˸֣Ȼؿ˷׷׵ɴ۾٣¶ϲ
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ʵʶµļ۸˵ĻҪһܣԲṫ֮ڡ
ҸǣεĽײһԷѾŵû᳤ںԸȽϻ׷Ͷʣ
Ψһ鷳ҲǴӺһ֮ĺ
һʼȽDҲǺġ
ػһκ˶жײУ
ݳƣڳɱ°ӣеĺܶ˶ź˵ԣʹź
ʵ֤ȷǺڱ֧ŶĹڴӺһһĶӣֻȹؼڵһ
֮Ķ³ǡׯҺӡ
֪䣬ӺؽڶĶ͸жӰг⣬жԵеĲʯͷһӲȽDһҵ롢ƣڱ
һӢ񷣬ҲڿľӪʮ꣬ǿ׳շ²Ŷ˱ռȳǣһ̴ʮֲңȽDŵúü춼û˯žɫ¡
ˣԺбη塣
֪뺣Ƿ˴ɣȲҾֻܾһϣ
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ں˻ѕD˭ǾͲܿƵ⡣ܴ죬ʱӦòٶԴӺ֣ܵĻȥݡ
ȥݣȽDͰˣһеС˷ܡ
ݾ˵ڴ̣ҪЩʶD˵ֱ˳󺣵һˣ
ţȴ㲻¶һ֣ص˵˵ݡ
ǺĴˣ˵Ҫȥ
ƽαԺĹϵǲ岻ȥ֣ЩıˡжΪʺͻǰ²ҵǮϿڵĶǾͱˣֻܴ취
ˣ͵ŻȥݣǱ߻ڴֻ̣ǲ֪λ岮Ըһˡ
˵˲һƬš
ȽȻ̰ȴûӵçǺζʲô
ûǰ֪ط־һѾɥôѹǴģ
Ҫǲ֮ǰͶȥǮǶҪװ״ˮƯ滹ôǷծһƨɼģϿǿɲӦ


ΪʲôأǮ׬˵
ȺСС
˾İɡ⻹Ĺˣ
ǰǰ˵˶ûйģҲͨ
ݺǵ粻Ҳôû˵Щ֮ͨǰݵķǹô
˵ȻӦԽ˵Խֱ׳ܿķʮ֧ͬ
ûپ˵ĹǸʲôʱܹˣԼֵܷٺ
ȥݷ˵ʲôЦ˻ô
ȽDһֱڹ۲˵ķӦ龰ͷ幫˵ϵʲô
幫ͷվҲеĹȡ
һһ
󣬻ķʮ֧ͬʰģӦһһ֧ϲרе¡
ȻҪ⺣˵⣬ұԼɡҪ˹ɵڿⷿԭ۹룬˹ɵ˱Լǩְɡ
˵Ⱥְˡ
Լ͵ÿһҪȷ̬ȣɻзݣ׷ĸӲҪˮ˾еԥˡ
ķѡҪ˹ɣʮ֧Լǩ֡ˣȽϻ뺣˵Ľʽȷ˺֧ܿ˵һʶҲһöD΢ģ͡
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ʱƽⲻҲûʲôѾһƷ˻Բо
ҵȽˣɲɿ
ʣ´æ
ǿɿġ
ǰڴӺ߱ǴӶݸؿͷܿݳȽйء
ҲȽһǰӶݳǨޣݵȽһңȽ壬ȽͬѧīڴѧԺؿơȽҵĲ֮ܣּҶͼֽǿܵģвҲ̫󡣡
οҲȫȽϻĹǵĿõƷоȻԼĻͰͻڵĹϵѾ˺ܳɹ
˵ľʱࡣ
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ܺãͰ˵İɡջʱҪСģܾж
ص黹ûƽϢҪõ۹Ĳʧ
ǣ
УٹҹС
մӺϰףݹߵľűջټ޳һƬš
Ƚϻ뺣˵Ľףѡһ콻
ҹУһСؿͷ
Сʮֲۣڸǵ꣬ԶԶȥҹɫУֻķ緫ʾĴڡ
ǡˣ
ϵȽָоûˡȽD˵ÿǺĴˣǾôҲɵĴɣ
ھȻһ񴬣⴬ܶɺ
ڲһҴССһⶼС洬
ͣȺ󣬺ܿдŶ̴ĴִӴһߵɽӡ
һν׵ĶԳľĺˡ
ѾѷͷϵĻ䣬ľ۾΢΢һ
߼һӲĴӺٻȽDк
Ƚɾķ


153 

Ƚ˿ǲʲôȽϻĕD
⺣˹ٻ˵ģؾҲûʲôáҺ˸㲻ķպÿǵĕD롣
ȽDҲ㣬ȻϲDƣ̸ʱ˷ԭöԷԼĕDķ
ڿЧʮֲľڵ֪ԼǻؿƵȽӵ̬ܺϴ֮ǰתΪ磬ȷ붫ȽϵĹϵ
ȽD֪ǰԼȽţȽŵֵܣжʺ޵ÿҪѪζȽϷͷʢ⻹ǴõܵźáȽDһ˵õ˼ǾҪԼ棬޻˦ۻӵȽŵͷϡ
ǷĕD㺣˹Ӻؾ͢ҲȽŵ鷳Ͼģ
ҪĻˡ
ȽDһָľ䡣
һһٷ鿴һջء
ľͷ
ȻҪϾľص֮һΪ˻ϧݽеޣһεĻס
ľȻľľֻαװݵһţǻʵľӣں޸ڵأΪľѼʽ
ڴ̣ͷʢĻӺĶԴӷɥʧȫûľӺʹõʽ쳣ӣϧµǱݡ
ڵݿɲǰģεĶξӪͰһ㣬ľҲʹ̾ųɹӪѲ顣
û뵽û취ӽݱ֣ľִҪǰһ
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Ѿ˷ݱֵĳֻʮ⣬ͨĻͬ
ֻôͬľҲ֪˵ϽʦֽȽϻṩ΢ģͣľ޲ڣ˵ȻǷ뷨ʮֶء
Ȼʦ˵ˣľȫЧ˾ƷȻѶȫ˻ǡ
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ڸڻʴѡҡڣҪʱ̣ҵҾ֮ҪϴԸ
ֻҪܰЩǣ״ʦϸһƳǵĻʱƻǱӼ̳ҲûãǲһɵӳΪˣ
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ľӻлָǱĽС
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ᣬϴĥƽ⻬óǸоĽա
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Ź˵ĲͬӦڴӺ䷽ĻЩ΢޸ġ
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ȽǸܿɿĺ顣
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Ȼʹظ˻кôϰľ䡣
Ϊ˲صѡһСͷнסͷĲλޣɲ´ͣľʮֻ洬ôαװϽۡ
ԷɢգҲעĿľĹ
һҲϾϽôֱԹ©ӦѡˮˮӽһСѸٷɢʮֱڳ롣
ľǸˣȫ̶񾭽йעΧĶ
ԭһԤе˳ɾڴǰһʱ򣬺Ȼһöźŵը׽ɫĻ׹䣬һƬˮյ硣
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ĴѵأҲûĻˣɿСҡֻͼѸԶͷ
˷ȻðĹٴȴסǵȥ·
ЩٴǰõѶϢһɲɱסпӴܵˮ·һλεĻ
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ΪѾǰ˽ʹ÷ǺܿͰڿڶ׼˲Զж촬
ۡ
һⱩľ׷ҫ۵Ļ⣬ޱڴɱķľ
ķ羰ء
ԼĻɱžǴӺ˵ԴۻͻڸǣѾעˣ
ڴ۾һգգȻЩǷɵͦߣҲȴƮƮʮַ͸֮ǰӺپյźŵ࡭
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аִһ֡
εǳɹ˴ӺսǴòʹǶԷھЧʼܼĻѹļ̌ͷľʵĴ嶼ÿʼ©ˮˡ
Ӳˡ
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ľһһ壬һ̧ͷڰɢӵȽˣ۾ʱͺˡ
ȺӺˣװһµģʵسЦľǸɵϰɣ
ѾѡôƫƧͷףȴǰյѶϢڴˣȽҺʹӺľ֣ʵĻҪһ򾡣
ЩӺʵ̫ɶˣɶĻǸȽDСӣҲ֪ʹʲô취ƭסǵĴʦõģĻ
ֻù˲жӣǸõıսҪóֻᱻЦ
ɶɶɶ

ˡϿʼƯһһߵʬ塣
ľѪۣ֪һԼ϶Ӳˣڸ֮ǰҪȸԼҪʼٸߵѪϴľ֮ϵĳ衣
ǹڶ׼˰ϵȽˡ
ȥɣ


154 
ľǹڶ׼˰ϵȽˣذ˰
ͻȻǵǹǹĵԶǲƽĵʹãҲɼɱˡ
硪硪硪硪硪
ǹĻ⣬׻Ƚǡ˵£˷˾ֵļкͰãȻ֪룬ΪʲôԭϽϵĶţȻͰǵĿꡣ
پҲãҲգ˵Ƚ˶Ҫ£ͱĶ󰡣Ϊʲô˻תǹڶ׼Լĺ飡ɱʲôܺô
ɱڣɱڣ
лȽ뵽˴𰸣شе
ΪǸˣھǣ
˻һʱһֵĿֻš
˵һͷ滷ɽλƫƧԭͨ·ѳ˻ĲݣΨпˮ·ܽ
ˮ·ѾپȽйһֱڰϲǵǴһֺ̣ùپͺ˴Ժˮ㣬ľ˵Ĺ׼

ۣ۰˭
ڰеȺͷӬһɢ뿪Ѿɱ¾ķͷ˺˵Ҳϧеĺܶˣǵں˵ǹ£Լ˵ĽŵףһʼܷʹİܿûϢ
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˵ǣĵûҪ͸ȽDһҵ˵ĵطȺһֻ첲ʧȥжͻɵ˿ںܴ౻˸ԴѪע
ȽDڵϣʹǰһ󷢺ڣҽУֻſڵһ䶯Ҫҵһ֣԰ȫĵط˿ڡ
Ȼڰһ˶æŸû˹ڵϵȽDȶһ߹ǡ
ھ޴֮£ȽDǿžʹԼһԵɽ¡ڰ˸ߵĻĲУ죬̲סۡһһѪ
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ۿЩֵȼĕDȻĕDգ˽һЦ޷Ʒз򣬶Ҷûɱ
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һ룬ҲųܣϾȽϻΪD˲жֵϽˡжҩж֣ȻûΪǣҪ˽ЩֽżֱҪ̫ף
ԽԽеȽDеĺֶһֻ֣Լȫ˵ҪȽлʦأγᱻһССĻҩƣ
ǿˣ
ŭ֮࣬ҲԼЩҡ
μʱ⣬Ʒս˲١
ȻҪúľ׼˭涼һЦЩ˲Ź
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ÿ϶жӮˡľĴͣҲȲȺװλղǸƣӦȫԱˡ
ôֻҪľԮˡȻ˻ףӺвδֹۣҲֻǰѻͨˣ⻹ĵ
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ܿ˸ŽŲ𽥿УȽDʼ
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µ׵ݴȽDһӰֻ˴ľƺжˡ
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һԶȽDһܾƺĶ
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˾һֻѣҲʮͷӺܸߵβ㽡˶һ˫۾
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ңȽDȽ壬ǰﶩ¡
˵ȽD˶٣һ߿
ֻǺҷǷҰģŰˮŵḡұǷϾϵˣ
ǵһČ^֪һʮʹޣ⡰ҰġŰČ^־󲻵ɱ˷Ͼ壬ѷ־ǧУգصѪɺӡ
ǰ˵ܲöԷĺøС˵İ˸ԼϵģӶ뺣˹Ȼ˲δɻ飬ΪǰδȽDҲԼͷϴģµûš
ȻȽD˵⼸֮˲Ķݡ
û˳ȽDĻ־һңɻüεЦ
˵ʲôǡҵȴֱ֮еü˵Ļᣬ⻰²˵
ȲҲϵ̬ȽDе㼱̫Č^ϹϵˣȲͶһö롣
صҵü㣬ꡭ꾲졢ƽͣ˼֮
ڽгˡš
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155 
Σܲ˵˰ɣ
ȽDʮ㡣
ϱ׷꣬ʮеĵλǼֱǲɴۣ
ϡǵ˵Ĺи֣ŲǡˡԼ˵˵ľʶ϶ĺøС
ȽDͷϷˣһιݵĽǶȣֻȼиʻҲ˹е
ҲǸûѵ񷡣
ȽDеźš
ѩ̿Ȼˡ
ΣԮ֣֮鶨ȻжϱӵȽűסģ
ȻδȽDȴ鷿пһöƵǹƬʮϧöƬÿζԲñ˵κöвִ֪ļܳ裬ʢŲƬľϻǵ񷲪Ȼŭһٹ˸ۡ
ȽD;ԴȽD̬ȣǾƲһġ
ڣȻȽDԳΪཻĺѣļλسһʼնõΡ
ȽDΣⲻ֪ᵽ˲䣬еɱҪڲסͲְǹֱӽ
ͬȽDԤϵһܴۣ˭˭
ǽԴӸ뿪ص󣬾Ǵӳõجһ㣬˫˫ӭ
İ˶ҩнˮ˵ú˻жĽΪϸѾΪС鳤ֵ߰˸Ů˵õһ㽱
дУǹСȤ£һдǴƪÿʣǰȫˡ԰ı仯ʮָˣӰΪ˼ңľͱ˼ÿһѪܵۡ
ʮָмǮؿ˷־ıʮָлϵƽҵĴ޿ξǽܴӱ֮˳ָһ·
ûд޿ξͶڶ̶̰ͳɳΪ̹٣ҲΪ͵Կܵ˵ı־̨ͻңŪҼֱҪף
ѾȥĽѾΨһˣǰи̣治֪Լʲô
ҲΪˣйڰһ⡣
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ΪʲôΪʲôв۵ĶҪһٶᵽǾļһʲôͼ
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뵽һܣյĻ˲ϯӡ
ˡ
˵ǰﶨף˵ڷ븮Ҳ㣬֪ݡ
ڳ˴󰸵ĹԱͲۣ֪ǽݵ˶˷СӽΪˡڳС檵ݣΪ־ҶδǾֻоٷҵǸ֤ˣȽļһѾ³˰ݣ
ôһ˲䣬ǹһǹ˽
û֪ڷҳ˶ٿ࣬˶нĺӼֱүĶ͡
κ˴Űİ˭С
ǹָѾ˰ϣֻҪ΢΢̧𣬹µ˾ͻԶر͡
ûб˸ܱܵˣ˲˵ֻҪɱˡ¾Ӧóصɳ֮¡
ֻҪɱˡ
ֵ̧˲䣬ԥˡ
ȻڳΪ̹ٵһգһڻվڶеǰͦأ޿ξѵ
޿ξʱǴ޶춫Ȩһڱ뺷Ĵӵ֮£ȴѹˡ
˵ǹǶ׼˵ġ
Ѫ۵ˡ
Ƚϣ˽ۻСȻʵ֤˸ڣĿ

ɡ
˽Էˣ˶ԴӺҰȻңڽҵֿԺ̩ţЩʵʵɱ˷Ż¾
˸

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ղ뽻׵Ƚ˶Ӧɿ˾á̡ȦС췣йС
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ǹɽϵȽDеҪ硣
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ˣ˵ȽϵСҾǱЩû۸˵ģ׻ǳ˼ҵǮȹ¶ĸּȺûµȱ£
ƫƫһȽD㿴ΪԼˡδĹעٳ߸ͷһ
ֱżеĴ󽫾רżȤĻ̸ԾͶãԷĹע
ⲻ֪ʮֲ͡
ΪʲôȽ˵ͲܱϣֻֽŶͣੲݵ
ʲôһͳʲôڡʲôϵ
ĵľǰڶҩԵĺòã˯㲻㣬ûв۵Ķ۸پݱ¿ǹʵʲôʱʼ˵ڽһƱģɰ۲ˣ
Ҫ㻹ھͺˡ
ȽD״ƻ˵
Ҵһ֮Եϧձ
û˵꣬˾ͱ޿̵ݺݵڵϡ
һִϵ˿ڣ۵ȽDǰһڣֱʧȥʶ
ڿϲ˲ȭͷ̲סȽDȭһһߴһ
ģأ˵ʲôձޣҿв
ϡ̫念ҴӺ췴ҲСүΪ˶ɵ𣡣˵ʲôۡ˭źúõӲɱɱôô򿴿Լĵаɣ
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Ұ㣬Ҳ䣿
磡
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˵ڴŮЦ
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һ޷Ůֻ֪׬ǮˣﻹиܵȢء
ȻȢֻǸڣԭԱԼĹȥʵڲʣδļ鷳
ѹңȻ¸ҵؾٷ˷־ĶУںܶ˵Уǲл֮һ٣صҪ˴ǵġ
ҺãҺ밢˶
ڲ֪ٴΣԼ͵ܵѡȷĵط
翪ҵˣŮӵҪҲɡвӽãҲţЩ˳ãϸһá
УоޱڣҲԽиɾҩԼļҡ
ǸϸڿĹֿϳԿ¹ĥܿһŮӱѡΪС鳤
ȹ㣬Ҫھȥҡ

һ㶡
ȹڹܹܣֵһʮС鳤Ǹܾǿɵĸˡ
ȹƽʱЦﻹе˵ȹҲҵ飬ȥҡ
˹ңŷ治ֻȹһˣԱ߻İס
ȹʾ£򵥸˽ܡ
ԭǶҩ˾ˡΪҩǹӪԳŵĵطڲ񣬹˾רŸԱĲš
ڹɫȹƼ˾˵飬ĿǰѽΪԤµѡƼ볡ѧޡ
Ҫͬ⣬쿪ʼҪȥѧѧܳɹҵĳɼ͸Ϊ㰲ʵϰµĹԸ𣿡


156 
Ҳû뵽ԼȻҲгΪµһ졣˾ѯð춼ûκηӦΪԼĶ䣡
һѾͷң˷ػɲõŮˣھȻҲܽѧޣˣ
ǳһ¡
˾ЦŲ䡣
ҪɹҵȻǻѧĳɼۺƽʱ֣ȷܷΪʵϰ¡
ʵϰʱģʵϰһ꣬һһתˣ֮ͨܳΪʽ¡
ͨʵϰһ꣬ζͨʵϰʸ񽫻ϣصԭĸλ
Ը𣿡
ȻȻԸ⣡
ƴͷ
˿̵оҫҫԴڡɫ࣬Ҳ˵ʹ࣬ƾ˫ֺͺˮһһԼȡģ̹Ȼվ£еֱκ۹ӣ
Ը⣡
ҲһɹҵͨԣΪʽĹ£
ȻĻû˵ڣֻԼĬ
˾˵˵ͷһֽǩֻѺҲһԼݲʲôˡǶҩѧӵıŵԼѧĶй¶ˡ
ӡӡԼҲ¶һ֡
Ƕҩ˵ĻᣬڻΪϵˣҩж¡
һƮص޷һƨɵڴϣֱ֧
һԽõŮΪ˴ȹˣ׷׹ο
ҲЩ˵ſЦ
毺ûĵù¿أȻ˹ѵҲϸ̽ڵĳҲС
Ȼﱾʮֵ͵˵ĵطнʱδ˶ˣùֵʱҲв˵ſЦ
ôˣǲȹ˵ʲôˣ
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˵ͷ
˵ʲôˣ⸱ģ
ԷĻһ˿⣬û
ʵϣӶֻнѧӵ£ȻʼǣΪ֮ǰΪԭֻ깫Ӿѧˣѧͨ
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ش޷˻ģظһΡ
ˣ̧ͷˮЩ㱡
ǹ˾ң˵
˶٣޷ɨڲס˼
ͬڷ븮Ҳ븮Ѿ̫̫ÿ˵жصʮأϸѾ죬Բ͵ó°
޷˾ͼ࣬زסԼ˼˼ҲЩС£ȻҲǽ˽ǣҲ޹
Ȼס죬͡һЦˡ
ҵһϲɡ
룬ͷ̹Ȼ˵
˾˵ұƼȥޣ쿪ʼҾҪȥѧѧˡ
š
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ҶڳȥѧζʲôҪܳɹҵʵϰ£
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һʱ䣬ϲ˷޷һźȻҲ˶˵ĻΪ˭ҲԸһλδĹ£֮ǰ̽ﾭ˴˿˲ӣܵĻᱻǺޡ
ﵹǰ㶼⡣
ЩС˼С֮ǰ븮ֱ͸һëëһʹѾ㹻ĵ;飬ԴӦ˼ʹϵı仯һʮࡣ
׼һᵽ·͸ܵдš·ǶĿռ䣬Ҳٽ˶˼ɡҪ¶߰ܣһԼĿ֡
ֻﲻ֪ǣĵܵҲܿ֡
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һͳΪҲ˵жжǿ׳ϲлʼֱͳפ㣬˭ôһƬطһ𰡣
˵ϲפڿɱɳƽ½ȫȨͳ졣½ǴǶȥϿξȻû½У˵һһĺˣֵ¾Ʋܳӣ
˵ҲҪפҲʼ𲽻װǶǹء¿ξǿӲڱȫԱϾɻװǹͷнϺ̫ҲڴᳫҵԶΪ壬ȻҲӵڳڣ廹ǳźõķڷչ
źúõӲָ̫ƽ˵ʲô췴ֻҲǻ˵ȽңޣȽв
һֱϳȥͽãһӪػƴϴ֡
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СƽʱҲǸнİôһͱɾأȻ÷ϴ߰˱ֻͣ¡
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ͬ鲻ԣץץͷЦ
ǻȥݰݵúã˵ǿǹԴɷ˵Щúܣ˻
⻰˵Ŀˣ;߶췴ķӲˣ˵Ұⱻʲôˣһ·Լ˵ҲȾа
ţǵȥݰݣҸĵط
˯ˣƣȻǷ˵ĳ
ֶɽ顣
ıսҡ֯Ӻİ̶ֻλϵСֻͯǸܣȨ˵ıп֣ϵĴ˲öɴӺƸ
֪ط־Щ˵צʵһ˽·붫ߣڵϺɲƸ
İΪ͵ȡ˷־ԿӰûǮغȽɽƷ־ͶУ㱻Űʬ廹öȥڡ
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үտķӣò£ŵһλСүϧСүƺ˼Ĵ鱯ɫ԰סðΣվص׷ľһЩҩǮ
Ҫضݡ
Сү˵
ѾսҴȥ㲻뿪͵ȸ۵ȽϲׯȥǱˡ
ȥȣ֮շתںٸɽˡ
֮ԽԽҡ
˵ľӺܿռȺͶ£һ·Ͻ֮Ҫɱİգ᷿ݺԴռȵ
ղʸƴֿһ֧ͷˡ
֮Ǹɱ¾̣۵Ѫս
Ҳ֪˶꣬ͷͳǷ˵ƹĹأһۡ
˵İ£ɹ˺ˣĺǣǻѹѪյñ
һ㶼
ˣλȽСү꣬ݡݡϲݡ
Ӻر鲼սɽ飬˺˵ϱлôӺܵУ׳սϡ
ۣʲôأ
һͷΪ˿ڴδŬܣһӶûлȨȴʼƽҸ
ѡǸΪĶͳˣҲҪΪɡ


157 
Ƚ˽Է۷ˣµڶһ޳д÷з
ȽҽʱûܣڽǽҲǴģ޲Ѹǲƴ֣бȽĻ
¥øߣʱҲѸ١
Ƚڷͷľ׵ĵڣ޳ĻȻֵĺΧסڴĽ˺͹¶ܹܿأֱѺȷһ˿͸ȥ
صȽйڽﲻҿ
Լµõپж׮йءǴӺõĻ¡ʵҲǲ֪ԣⲻΪȫҶͶ˽ȥҪǶͶҪⱾ˵˭дӺЩͷǲʶȽϳƷĕDҲ
ţ־ԩ£ֻźˬԼôνѡ
ǿɶԼǩӡİҪϸһܲ
ĵһϣȵڶһ磬˶
ֻһӰŶӱѺ˴Σԭ˸ͷϡϻ˲ʣʮǱ
Ƚøˡ
ո͵͵ҹȥ˾Ȼ󲿷ֶѺ˽ٵļҲ֪˻йѺȽǱһˡ
˵ԭö˶˵ظӣҪ幫ҵȽDҪʲôˣȽDأ
ȽDһȭʧȥʶʱ򣬷ԼȻһյļС
ϵѾˣ˵ֽŶ򵥰ʹʧѪֻ̱ڱĵϴ
أȥĶˣǱ˰
ûȵ񷣬ǵѺȥѶʵı
ε龪˳̫͢صɳƽʣȽϡ
ֱټңּطԱâһССֱ̻Ҫ̫ס
οȽDҲûҴŲţҲǼĹͰ˸ʼȽˡ
ȽDȻ֮أڱԺȽDٱΨһ֧ľֻʣδۼʱ񷣬һԲģ
һϣѶʽѺشεȽDڲݶϣؿźһƬǽ
ٴ˽ŲǳڵļģȽDٶȱ
Ѿ񾭷䣬ֻҪһŲ̲סغ£᲻Ծ
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ηȽDĶ䶯˶ܾЩϤ
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ȽD
ȽDһʶͷȻͫ˲ؽ
ȽȽ
Ｗ֣ȴֻõ˶Էһ
Ǵ
ۻأǹһĻȡ
ȽDǽ
ֻһ仰ͰȽDĻԣؿھ˵֫ʼ鴤

Ǹ֪Ұ֣ƵȽүȻһ߸ϡСȽƾʲô
ȽԨһȽŲʲô
ȽDС˼ЦһƽһشȽDɡ
Ϊ㲻䡣
ȽD
۸ֵ͡Ͷܡ̰޶ȣķʮ֧㶼ȫˡ㵫һ»ѧҲܿͼֽвףȫհỹòԩ
ȽD˵һλС󣬴ԶӶ۸ȽŵʱҲֻĬºַ·ȽD˵һֶûݡ
ڡԸûⷬ⻰Ϣ̫࣬ѾʹͿ־ĥĴԸϾ˼ֻܱܵرŷŭ
ǡͼֽ㡭
ٴת뿪˱ƵĵΡ
Ϊξ챾Ӧóڴˡ̫յ㣬ƶĺͼֽйһ£̽ȽDĻᡣ
ʵҲûʲô̽ģȽ붫Ƚͬˮ𣬴޿ξιճɹ˳ŰȽϵʵ
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ֻܰԭڴݺ
ϱ֪ȽDҲ䵽ء
߳ſڣһԵĸ񣬵˵˾ʲô
ͷת
ԨڳбĿ񣬼ۣЦЦ
ͼֽ¸ˣ
ͷȼһ̡
һ˵ܵ£зʵݡ
ԨһЦҲ˸̡
𰡴
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Ҳ糾ʹӺݻûֱͣ´ⳡȴѾõĴ֡
ʱһۣ꣬㣬ľ
ֱ죬ڳڰеﶼУȽϱҵĴһ롣
һ룬ͻϮݣŻɱ˵ĺܣԼںܱĺ
Ѿȫɣ
΢סͫеɱ
˴ϽץʮСץʮң˻Ϊߵ磬ӳΧȦʱӦѾϽڡ
˶һ·϶ˡǧգʼܡץõһճɹѕDǡ
DðΪķƷȥ뱱ʹõƷв𣬵ȴ԰еĽһעͬ;ϡ
ǻỨѴз죬ЩƷ˿ϣȴʼղܴﵽԤܡеĽʦǽǳգвòΪǰնƣڱǷѾĻĲķֻ׾ӵķƷDˡ
͵ǵ
Ȼȥ󲻾ãִļʮˣʲôεмצҰޣʧȥֻ̣ܾŭصȴĽ١
ڳ˶⣬ֻⰧĸ֣֮翼˱Ļ⡣
ǸѪҲǺ²񱤴ѧѧıҵʦ¿ǵѧרš
е̵٣һ۸Ԩ
εá
˵үϰ°ָֻͣճϾģʽ
˵ҿеˮ
˶٣ֵ
֪Ϯʱûˣլ˿ȻʶҲʾǮӰ˼ҵլӻݴҶȥŵСԺ
ͷ
Ҳġ
ܵСԺѾ˳ӱסͣڳɵʱܰߡٶһ֪
ƺĳ˲ĳӢͦüͷ΢΢
ɲðٶһλͬͬסͬġֿѡˡ


158 
˵֪Ưصĸ׹֪ڹʮֿ
ƽһ߳ݣںϵóȻ࣬ΧǷɫͬͬ飬ϤԣдżĸζʳЩ֪еĪο塣
һʼЩСڳͽ˵󡣵ʱ䳤˻죬˳봬Уݵ˽̸ӲĹٻҲתΪ洬ͺԾ
ǵģԨҴϻˣͷµģΪǺеߵս¶ò
еһ׼ǰݵѣЩ׼ͶԶڴӺݣЩȷĿģֻսһƬܰߵľ
һˣԨ˵ǰ
л׼ڶµĸѶΪ³һ֧㣬ζŶҪĹ˺
ԸǰӺȺУкܴһֶӵмֹܵˣǴǶǺᣬǰϰͬĻϰߺƽȿȺһ´˲䱻ݳǲ񣬿ʼصҪٴŶ
֪Ҳ⡣
Ľ͸Ԩʮָмһ·ԼԪıԱҵҵذŶҵԴϵĸֻء
Ϊ˶ԼҲͬĻƣүΪ˿󷽣϶ᱻԺҶ¡
Сд̽Ҫ鱨
𿴳С˼ѾԪʽԱˣÿ¶õн𣬸涫ҳжĽһܷ١
֪ʾʮĽ
Ȼ˺ݵУҲĵýڿأɾΪǸӺ˻ѪѪͳεĲںݱܴѹ
У԰裬ɼҲòѧѧԺеĸ־ֲȫܼ룬ҪǶʦ¿ʱˣѧԺһƬҰ
Ȼάǣ֪ľҲû̫ĸơҪõĲܣĴ۸߳١
Ҳˣ֪ݻۣõĽʮۺ죬ԽŻżĸӡ
֪ĸǸˣȻҲԼӳˡ׵ʨҲܲסȺǵΧίʱ򲻺øӶ˵ֻԼ磬ҪصԼĵط
֪סˣķ˼ȥӺ֪ӺĽ˵λ£Ƽˮƽձʱ֪ʮʧ
ԼǸоģ췢Ҳļܣһ˴ӺûԿô죿
Ե֪үһԲڴԺܵؾ쵽λүܻǸöҡԲ찡ԲܸΪȽĻ෢ֻҪöҿı£ûԣ
˭֪ݳǣүһλϰ塣
ϰͱСþƯڿƵĻ෢ͼСϰ巴ֵһͼֻֽ֪һ۱㾪Ϊˣ
ģ
ô߻ܴȼաװô
ʲô˲Ϊ֪ͬƵԻ·Լͬе츳
ȽŴûоĽðѻ˵֪Ѹٸ˼·нԵ֪ĳЩ뷨Ҳǡ֤֮ǰļ衣Ȼͬ򣬿Ƚź֪ϲǵӣܹŷĳըҩը˶鼤бŷոµзħ裬߲ݡ
ֱ˿ȥˡ
ȥȻǴ
ΰѳҹδߵȽСץʵ䣬һݵܵܵڱˡ
ҪˣԷ˯˲ϣô˼ô
ʣϹȦȽСźٺһЦ
磬˼ˣ㲻֪֪
²طСһ̽Ȥ£ⲻ֪аͷÿֶǲı㷴
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վǸ֪廹Ӻ˵ĳֻ࣬θͦ޳̽ͷ̽Եŵķ򿴡
ߣֿôһضҲҪô
򴽣ǰһ˵𾢵İܣѹ˺üĻڷˡ
񡣡
޿ξָָ֪
ʱˣȥվɡ
ʶؿ˿졣
ⲻǲôʱء
⻰ɲ˵Ҫ֪뿪֪֪һСں޵ĻѪöӺתȽСŵ֪ʮĵ֪ĸʡǮ˵ʲôҲȥסҪǮùݣԼ̸Ǿ˵ҪСķ̣ôԶˡ
ŵ岻ãϱͻ˯ţҲϣ˴ŵϢ
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С鿴ȥȷ״̬ãȻƯ۾ǣɫȴһμʱˮĺȦҲѹˡ
úϢ㡣
֪һͷˣȽСҲʮ᲻ãһֱĿСıӰʧ⣬Էһ緹
˾ͺһԱɢԧһǸɶĹӾǴˣ֪оԽ
Ǹ֪ʲôãŴûԱģ
еľһǰδеΣͷ
š
˶ʶסܵԼǰ˴ǿȰ
֮ǰôӦҵģϴΪʲôˣ
ŵͷ֡
û̲ס
֪ĬĻ飬һÿʱÿ̶˾ϲ
һоȦһȦɹȼũûصˣԽúͳ
ͣ£Ҳͣ£ȫͶĸо̫ˬˣ
ͷץסӣСŸ硣
С쵰ŵĹɱУǰÿÿǶҪ󣬴ʧ֡
һΣС쵰ߵˡ
С
˦֡
⼸첻֪ţúϢҴȥҽã⼸ȥס
С쵰ܲˡ
ȥĹۡȼڵҪȥûҲ˶ҩ˯Щ۵úܣһˮϷŵģ
磬磬ȽСС
ڼɣһңҾԻúõġ
˵ֹɣֻϧĳĸֶš
С쵰Ʋл˵˼֪Ĵܵв
֪ͳӱﲻһӱֻǸסͣŲѹ˼
֪Ͳһˡ
仰ȻҪᵽ֪֣֪ŵǹâ䣬޲ڰŵߣôȫܽܡ
ŻſŹţڣҪֻһ˶ѡ
ĶνΨаţԲݵȾָ


159 
㿴֪ǮؿʮֿСأ˵ҪŪרŵʵң׼ɵڶ۱
Ԩһֻ
Ȼ֪֪ô˴ͷ̹˻ּɣͰմ޵ĳԱ
鿴үװˡ
ѽ˻гҲ֪ģڶռһ˾УȻָ޿֣м䷢ʲôҶ֪
Ԩȥ´֪ģӦҪ鱨ҪϽԨγǴŻǰߵģʵټҲ񡣴֪ľݣܲµ˭ģƽԶڱ׿ЩǳеǿӲɡ
ûϵΪ붫ͳƽĹϵȻȻҲǿӲһϵ֮С
ڳȻɵŽϺ̫ھɾվ˽ŸԽԽɻĹˣߵƶİ嶼ѾɵĿơ
ھɣΪ־һĴܶʱ伣ȻڱñʱзˣΪս½̫ɾ䣬Ŀǰֻܻعʱˡ
̫׼ݳۻǰ
ʣԨЦ΢
ܿ͵˱飬Ҳû˼
϶ҪģǱѾʼˣ˵ҪʱɾͲ·¹λ֮ˡ
ͷ
Ԩ˵Ԥ࣬ҩͰƵþˣҪһġҲ˵ʷϵĳԹìܣںݵȨзʵڲ٣ǹ߻Ŀܼɱ⡣
ԨĹעȴĵط
ôּ֪̫
Ԩȷּһ̫گԪ壬ÿӶҩɹһĻǰҩƷȥݣȡӺҪļʡ
ּδڸˣǸ˻ʼҵӡƹڸ󵥶¡
ҩȷӪ󲿷ֳｨȴԽϵ˽⡣нɽۺ춫ҩȻڣûҹȻǮԶҩӵȻÿ촴˷񣬵ȴû˰ȥֻܶڰĬĬѡ
£¸ڲ岻֡
ֻһ仰ͻش˸Ԩеʡ
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Ƕξͳ춫´ȨҲ뾩ϴ󳯵ĹԱȻԳеķϤ
մ޵СӵֶаԣҲǵ˺ݲžģлǸȦҲǸ򵥵Ĵͷ
ᵽлԨ԰л׼ֳϢҲˡûʲôرķӦƺһ֮СԨ²л֮ǰͨѡַƲ
صģŵͦࡣ
ֳ£Ǯطǳˡ
ֹǸˣǮӵڹһʲôСֵ˷ܵԲǺˣŸүļֵܡ
ԨĸҸ͢ӶƷԱֵܣæƴǣҲ˲ǮصĿޡ
ȸ˾ˣǮϿֿʼ׷ʿ賧ľϸڡԨ֪ʲôϸڣǸģѡַҪлԴӺݹİ塣
뿪лм£Ҫ˲ŻӺҲ֪ںݵڴ̣˲ôġ
ǮЩʧҲûиԨԤꡣ
ҵĲѾ˳ΣǮȻҲܿлֳ仧еĺܣ㲻ҲɥʱѾ֮ǰл˵ýֿʱСˡ
ڶ찱ʳݱֺͶҩΪĸΪҵѾвССפеרŸ⼸Ҵ͹ײƷе¯öĺ˷չҵȻҲмɫ
˳ͷõѰһ˶ǣظǰ쳵ˮл仧Ѿѩ̿Ǹ
Ǯص̬ǺܳϿҵģ󹤳ֶƣܹһ˰գܸԣİգ˳ݱֵĳɱһúֶΪ
л賧¾ȷǮϿһгķ͵лǩԼ
Ԩó̵Բɣֻһ洬ĺʱ֪ôá
вٳֹϧȥݱ֡
Щź˵
ᰵĸ֣洬ľ񶼱ʱͷĲֿ⣬Ҫ˶ݣмͳкݵϸ켣С
ڵĶԱʮϸĴ󹤷򣬾űװ̽ûԿԱٵ顣
ò׻켣ϸûȿݱֵȰصر㱻ץĴΡ©Ҳ䲻ãǰɵĳӪҲǳصģκοɵĺۼӲǵ۾
ǰץǸСô
ԶϲѼϵǹŽǹܣԼĲ豭˼ˮ
ǰģҪȽʵڲãҲСӸˣ
ǾǸСݼ
ЦǺǡ
ˣ˵ǼԶݸߣ˳ǮҪǳķϼ
ڷϼѸ㰡Сڲģ˷ϼҵĽ˵ķϼŪֻԼЩ覴ã뵱ϼ͵͵ۼˡ

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ȳֲ۾ȳǵ˼ңһǶ֪£
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ڱĵСģбԼվǱȻȻȺЩСݼʲô£
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Զϲпһ
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ҿһһϲݰˣ
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Щ˼ץץͷ
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пسһ̴
Ҳһǰʱǻ˱ӪĴͨϷ뵽нĺӣ
ڲˣܳԹס档Ҫ˵ץЩСݼǲʶ̧٣нŲźú׬ǮңƫƫҪЩаǵ붼Ļƣһ㶼֪ϧҲǻñʰˣ
ɲ
Զϲ߬ȭ
жбֲóûҪǰõϻ北ǵȥЩܣŹȥ꣬²˱̣˰ɣ
˭ҪǸֹȥǸԶϲȥȻȭͷɻʹȺģ


160 
ݱֱŵıĽȴסʼմҰġ
ڶû͵ôޡȽǴӶȽϷּҳȥˣǨϼҺ˷֯⣬ڶͬϾ˼
ǶȽϣҲû𷢼ҵе֯԰ĳ¯찱⡣
õ߱ʱ´û̫¡Ҳоϳɰ첻ǳɱ̫߰ͨĹò
ĿǰѾ֤ģʵݻȡɷֵ;ʯȻҲΪ˼Ƶ¬Ů֣˾ġս
ҵϳɰʵʣ
´߱ˣÿżҪڵֱĴȣ
뵽ϳɰȻܹҵҵ֮ĺϳɰɱֱ½Ӻô׾ٵػȶİˮԴ
ӦǺģ
´İգȫʱݳǻһرɭϣǾӪİ׮ϸ鲼УҪһݹҵͼֽҲѵ顣
ƫƫԼԴɱΣֻһһûôʺúҵ˭þúԭϣٲҲһú̿飬ôһĺúô
ΪЩú´жȽӵĹûǮԭúúСӵ档
һʼʱݵҹҲȷϣȻ˺ϳɰһֱߣƷҲûҵȥһСӹ
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161 
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У԰ɡ
˵ǰ棬Ҳ޺޵ϢΧ¸ԨʲҲܸж˵⻹ĻƣûɣɲԽ޴ҡ
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취Щ˵β͡


162 
ԨӪգ˭Ҳ֪ʲôڿξĹۡУλƵǰȥ̽װıܣ̬ʮС
Сģǿһ㾫п졣
ΪҹͣԷξ󣬰žһ󲡡
ⳡڣڷｫ˰²ź
Ǻˣȴ˲١ԭͲ׳ʵ񾭴һôĸܷƢڲٻԷ
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Ҳ֪Լعˣ㲻ؼҲٲҪĸ߶ұĸ֪϶ᵣǺ£װ̫ƽ
ӣ±СͲ㿵еĵֳӲκҪֻƽգЩߡ
ȻĶܽߣΨϣȽûġ
ذԼҲ֪
αݺݽѵŪβҲֻС䣬ǰĵûˣֻܹȻء
綼ѹˣ˭Բ
Сܴһ£ԨҲġ
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ԨԴ˵ûʲô뷨ֻҪСܲԿ˱Ķܽܡ
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صԪ磬۱һͷС򡣺ͷĻѪɫɣС̽ȽɵĽ

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Ƚɵ岻Ǻܺãļ˶ôƴо̫ۻ˺
ڻ෢԰ռƻоҪʲô͸˵ǮضоʮֿأԴǿ϶취㣬н⡣
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ȽһԶģԱкָоֻ˲֪
Ƚɲˡ
ҡȥ𣿡
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ҲҾȷƽ£ϾҲΡ
ԨϡؿǿһֶصǱ֡
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Ҫȥ̽Ҳ˵֪ܲܽ˿ξĴţûȰס£Ͼ͵ø
Сӣйذŵϣء
Ԩе뿴϶ͷ֣뵽Է̨ջû֪˲š
ôǮĻηأ̻ᶼǰɼԷĿá
Ȼ˽⡰硱ʲôⲻүеᵽǮζҲȽСŵȼһһıʱת۵㡣
һʱ̩ıӺʷȴΪʵ۵ʧ䵽Ҫɫĵز
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ˣ뷨˾ֻˣɵٰۣǶİæˡ
桭𣿣
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кѪͳƤȴӺҪ԰һЩһѪҺȥǺҾһ㡣
Ԩ˵ͷǴ΢Ц
˵˼ĻȻ֪类˼Ѫ˵ýͰͣһظұԼҳϺŬ
ȻάҲܵÿأֻ˶Ե۵Ĺգ佱һֻȽϷ׳ţԶŸ߸ϵʩᣬӲбƽȶԴظС
ڣҰȽɵи˵Ƚɵͼֻֽܿöͱɣ
֪Ħȭƣˡ
ԶȥıӰ죬үǺˣ仰˺ƵŻȥѪˡ
֪ôӵͼֽܿףզͿү·أ


163 
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һҡ˸ԪĻɹ˺ݣһ·Ҳ˲ٿͷȫȫβػص˴Ӻ
ͷεŮͷȦһ죬̲סݺᡣ
ף̫ˣ
ͷĨᡣ
ά۵ʱΪԼҪУҲûŮһ棡
𼸸ǰӴѶϢѾͷǻشӺʱҪôִͺˣһܰȶȹΣյǶʱգҲòڴô
ͷڲɵȵڻϣԶάۣӳӳľ롢Ĵѣ־ԼܵöҵĴȸˡ
˵ǸӢˣһʼͷöЩΪԼҹŮڶá
˸Ԩˣͷ֮ǰͷϾҹŮȻƵһ䡰㡱롰ޡƯۻкܴľ롣߶Ӣߴ󣬼ʷԼб£ôŮġ
֮ǾֻܡλԱˡ
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Ӫ磬һףǩǶǰľˣڿɲˡ
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ڼںʶ㣬ɶڹӡ󻹶ͣڼгС
ҼǰͶɺȥάǣҲҵľסԭΪӺǰǰģ˭֪һ´ͱⲻάһֳ壬Ůǰ˴
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ȻȵģǳﾹȻвٸ˶
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û뵽ݳУһ羹ȻвٸɫҴҵسšѦشһ£־ȻڸϹģĻƻ廨ţ˵İ㶼¡
ͷĴ󷻣ߵڶҵŮڹͷĻǸڵĶϱ˵˼ҽҩһ»һΣ׬Ŀɶ
ݴˣѦܿӦ˵˼άģʽҲŮ˳ȥɻ׬Ǯʲôˡ
ǰάۣѭĶǰķףǮ˼ҵķ˴Ӽ罻ҲԼȦײ񿴵Լģ
ڻصӺ˳иӢˬģѦʮĽҲСԼ׬ǮңֳϸҪǮ˵ȱӲ
οڵľҲ۵ļҲƶάǣһ֮ܳңҼʱȫһ֧š
Сҵĵ
Ѧƽ߶
˼Լ׬ĽҪߵģŮ˼ܵ˽ɲףǶнŵģܿС
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ҲŮѧУҲ˵Ҳȥɵơ
СҸݣڲׯͷɸʱҲа޶ˣģŮѧУ⿿ŵȣҲڳ￪һС̣
ᰶɩӵ뷨ǳ֧֣ȥҩ߻ҩǰʳ䣬Ǳߵķ㣬Ҳȱĵط¡
֪Ѧյģɩóʽ㣬ĴͳĶܾͨ˵һߵ·
ΨһϰǼˡ
ͷһеִģ֮ǰǰĹز֣ڼҲٳ׵һס
ɷƽͷӰ죬뷨׵ࡣү֮ǰҪҵ׼Ҳȥһ׬ȡãһȫС֧ţʱˣ˶еĨ
㣬ٵȵȣ˵ҺܿҪˣܲܲ塣
˭˵Ҳ壡
ѦһθɷǺ
ҪҸʲôҵȻûжڴ֮ǰܵð֧ܿŶҹľͲбж
ҶˣҸ᰽㱾ǮȳһС̯ҩſڡǱߵ˳ס棬տԳҾ͵չȥ̯׬Ҳܼ︺
˵˶٣ط
أźһ㣬ҪõʱǳܲСҰɡ
˵ƽͲˡ
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ƫƫϵҧҪһһŶҰã˶ӵȰסҲȰ
ֻܿŵ䵱գԭǴӺѻģֵǮؽ˴ΣֵǮĶҲûʣ٣˵Ҫȥ̯òǮҲûֹ
Σƽ̾˿
СЩðϵĴֻǱõ֪
׻˿ڡ
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һʼҲûҶֻѦֵļˮ˭Ϸʮң
˵ҩĳǶлǮڳڳסճʡһžͺ
ҩǰĽ·඼˵̣ٲȻϽ֣ɫƷĿ
ɩĵ̯ԭڲ۵ĵطһʼûʲôšɾǰһǷнգиԣճŻؼҵҲࡣ˴ӽͷ䵽βм¿ŵĵ̯ӣΧ
ʲôİŹġ
Ļ̵ģү̵ڲãЩǴȥ
ĵķʮܿ˲˵ע⡣
һԳԣΪˡ֮Щĵģʮ棬ܿͱҩĳһգвû򵽵ˣѯѦʲôʱ´һҪЩ
¸Ҳͷ̯
ѦЦúϲ£졣
ǰά̫̫ʱЩǮȹȴһһҹ׬ѪǮ̤ʵ
ˣһܵĽãʣĶͶȥϡ¸գһȽոĵģ̯һ󣬻Ӫ
ѦҪֵһӣ


164 
㣡
գһװ˸߲ҵصڶҩſڣŲӳ
Ӱ۾˲ľˣŸߵس֡

Ҳֻʱ˼ӵճºķˡ
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ЦŸܻ֣ܵ촩һۻɫȹʽ򵥴󷽣ʮֳķɫ
ԭͳƯȻҲᱻ־УլС檡ʵ̵ʱԴöȱڻһЩϾǮ·̫ףһҲӻԡ̫̫ճիһļʱЩ̲£õĶǾĳк֯
ȴ㶼ϲЩ·ΪʲôԼܾġַĶЩ٬ĿʽɫЩ·ֵܹ˻ģΪļֵ
ڣһˡ
ϵ·Լ˲ϲóģûʲôرƣʤڼ򵥴󷽡ԼƵ·ͦڶҩУҲòȥӭ˭ϲãø̹
ȥޣƽͷһѧУ￴ʲôʣҲԽϧ֮׵Ļᡣ
ǳŬеʱ䶼ѧϰϣԷ˯ѹޡֵǣȴ˸оƣΪÿһ춼ڴȡ
۽ؿ￴ĽǶҲ˱仯̸ͣ˵ԽһƬעĿ⡣
ͱڣӳ߳ʱ򣬾мȥ
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ǲɼӣйЩëͷСӸܲˣʱֻͽǰġ
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θߴ֮Դһӱ뺷֮ܿͰѼСļһ˻ȥ
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ܣ
￴ܵǰ¶Ц⡣
߼ܵܽǰһ߶ˣдۡ
Ҹ̵־ӣ쳢򵽵أ
;ֿͣǸθߴСӡ
СӺ밢Ĺϵ¶һֺõЦԶԶس˸Ҿ
ޣ
ףóôϴλԵֱ͵ġ
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ջߣŰ¶һЦݡ
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֮ҲԼ͵͵ȥŶӹ򣬽ȥ־ѾˣæСӼѵ󼸸ǿǸˣ˵ģ־һ͡
һ߱ͣһŰ˵¡
֪ô˸ֵˣȻ˵صϵ㡣
ȽD£ԭ뽲ðڵƽҸûҪ¡
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ڵİ㣬˼·ᶨѲǸίȫҪչ˵СˣȻȽD˵㣬ǱҲ޷ҪʲôʾҲѣñȽϵİǣ
Ȼ˵ϵԼһʼûʲôӦ
ǽСصϳʶ׼ֱҪ̫ΪʲôܺȻ֣µ˵¡
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ϵòϵãСķݵܼģοҲϹء
˵Ƚү˵Ե޹ʾףôСû档
˵µʱֲԾС檵Ŀǣʮܡ
ʲôС㣬Ƿ֮Ů־ͨҲзݡֻ⣬һʱûмõѡ
˵ͷ롣
ʵȽ˲ףҲҪ뷽跨²ġʱѾ뺣֮βﻹŮеԺΡȻĺأɷ븮ûʲôܣܶ˶֪˳¡
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ԼְҩĶҲȽΪͬһˣ̲סż
ȽүǸˣݳ˶֪ɱʲô鷳
˵ڿξλСү
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ҩҲСүĻǰҩǰҩǾҩСүΪø˶õϾҩɴ䷽ֱ׸˹ټҡ
ڶҩѾȶǰҩӺİյЩԾõĸ࣡Ҫս𣬴ӺľҲܶ༸ֻİգôܲм
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СүÿһˣһŴȱģǹͬ壡
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һֱԼҽܹƽҲСүĸҪЩҪǮغСү֣ڶ뻹ںֳֺʪʬ嶼Ҳ˵
ðԭ侮ʯ˼ҵļҲͨķֽŶ˻ƻ췴˵ʲô֮֮ƨǹĲ˳ʺĻ֣
ԽԽȽD˵Щֶû䡣ƫƫȽDԾҵ˾ǣﷴҪ棬Ǹ˲鷳
ڴ޿ξϴɣȽD񽻸ӵʱᶼˣɵоκ֧֣˲˸ɾľҲһҪ޿ξľ֪֮
ڵǴ޿ξԷ˿СܣֻԼλأܸ濤ξ̷
ǶԸһȽDǴ´ġʵʲôȽDᱶܴۿԼ϶ġδӢȫԼвûޣʧȥҪµȽDÿÿ붼ھԨУ޷ѡ
ˣȫˣػһҰĻǾӪδϱӻĻЦ
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Ϊȥ˻
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ȳĴ𷨳ȽDżڵϡ
ϱӵҲǹΪ̰īʡԴγá˿õȴﱻնǵõ˲ľʹ
ͬҲڴ𷨳ʱѾ˹֮꣬ںͺ£ύذ񷣬ȽŵϷһ·
ܾˣԼгʧĮƺӦڷǸ֣ƽ˵
ۣػһƣȴû뵽ͬĵطһ̡
εȽDûпޣûаûп־塣
е벻ͨΪʲô㵽һУͬĽ֡
ҲۣܻһεһúıԲٷεĴ
㣬Ҹʹ죬Ҫ˷ʱ䡣
һŹ֡
ô꣬ͷһ˵˷ʱ䣬ȻǸӰɡ
ʱȽDն
ۡ
ͷء
ȽDͷعڵϣʼЦݡ
ҲǼӵĹЦݱȻȻǿ־塣
գֻ죬ƺһӶ벻׵Ŀ⡣
ɵ


165 
Ƚϳ˴󰸣ԭƻеĹ걳֮Ҳֻƺ󣬰Ĺۡ˺һеӡ
ȻνҲֻǺԷСʵĹȣȽСŵÿһʵʮֳʵĴ󹤷ĸ˶ڶ㱨
ҩһѾ깤Ҫԭϰܡ
ɩѼƻˤȽǰɱ
㲻򻯷ʳˣѾķ֮ԭϰȥǵĶ겻ɣֻǮˣ
ȽСŵɪһ£ʮֲϰһĴɩɱڵģ
˿ڿˮС
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ž
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ҩ沸Ӫ佫ҳŮǲһҲö˵һͷӾȽСųһš
찱ѡѾˡ
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лʦҵ˸ʵĴ߻ǿ߲ҾͶԭá
ǡ
Цһ
𣿡
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ô˵Ҫ½һũԭϵİɣ
ԣȽСŵͷҡ˲˹ġ
ûûУũҪũֲҩ
˵һ͹ϱ죬亹ৡͳˣһֵضλɩӡ
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ҩǿڵһĳ󹤷ӦŴӺĻǰҩ˵ҩȻҩԭϰ˼Ҳ߹ģԭҲһʲСȱڣżΪ˹ҩ
ĲֶҩǾ͵ǻҪʳµԭϰδܹСͷ͵ñ˼ҵĶأ
ž
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һʱ֮ûиõİ취½һ찱ķʵ̫ߣŵǮҪںܶطʱòôʽ
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죬ˣ
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һؾСȭͷ˵Сͳɿɰը
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һΣ˵ݵãΪȽָСͳˡ
Сͳú棬ʱ֦ڵддűʼǡ
Ǳߵķɳʵ̫ˣϵò˶þͻᱻ紵úٹһۼûˡ

Сͳܻضš
ɶ񣡼ǲסѽ
ؿ档
Сס𣿹ڵ׷ôʩ
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ȽһѼɤ
СͳѰСԺǵ˱ڣ鲻˵ڵĻҲ塣
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СҲ֪ƽϵͳѽֻƶѣЩͼֽʲôֿ
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СҲСͳܣղǺأϾ¸Ƚϵࡣ
Сͳ岻ϻһʼȦԱգȽŵ˸߲ؼۡ
һѧСĻرȽũ˵ȼٶȲ߱Ϊʲôõȼ֮ͣġ
ͣ
Ƚһ㶡
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ǵģȼϣṩĶ
С˵
Ȼú¯ͰϳҲûɶ⡣ʯѽܲܶัƷõĶֻ򷢶е˷ѣȼҪһĽء
˵ȼȽŶʱ˾
ҲӦøĽɳû취ֱӷҲû취İ취ʹȦĻܿͻջ
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Сͳ˵뿪ʱӺѾ壬Ӧ÷˵Ĵڰɣ
Ƚŵͷ
֪췢ģȼмװϵҲ֮ǰûûҹо
ְСǸѧʶԨˣ벻ͨƿһ㲦ȻʹĴšǹȼϵĲ֣ȽźȻȼδ뷨ҲڲõĽľᳬԽúͳΪܵĻأ
ڵ֮취ŹСԺ
һӵؽʵʩèץһһ̶Ȳã
磬ѽ


166 
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ָʹĨһѶͷϵ亹ĬĬƳһԵĶξһۡ
ʵֻССؿһ£˭֪Էȴ󷽷ؿ߽˲䣬ָӳԼĶͷðˡ
޺һֺϸĺۼʵҲյ˷ĹٳΪ˽С΢ԾϹٳ֮ѿлĵ̣Щִ󶼴ž̵ͷھָʹҲð̫
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̫еı棬αһۣ˵ͷ
Ǳ㰴޿ξύı洦ðɣǼ٣֮ΪɷΣӦϳ͡
⣬̫˶٣ɨһԵĳӡ
֮ǰ˵ķ±ոսս£ڿ󱱷˲ǱϸͶ֮ǰ౨ͬ
Ϊ˷ĵĻᣬȨаֵ̽ϸղŶָʹ˵ôֽȱѹܴפİæȿԼһЩ
ɫڣګګһ仰Ӳϡ
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ȷȱ֣ΪҪϸ̽Ҫ̽ж򣬼ӹٵǹټҵĶĿ
ֵϢϴĳ̶ֳҲҵľߣҲκһϵǳжʵȨĵط
켣ҲۼʶڻĵʱڣָʹȨŵĵزκ󲻾ñµۼλԭΪ¶ĸ˭̫ǸӲ磬λþҪȨ
Ȩһγǲ͵ڰһַڱô
һһԴΪɼָܿʹǡ
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˰ݺᡣ
սδͣļ²ҪӰս飿
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ȸ̫Ȼſ͡
ԭ͸ְϸԽɺӺȴ򽻵ľǱ߾߾ǵһߡ
֮ǰιҰص־εȽϰѲзֲģҲݵƽ졣սָոǹӶͺ˵ľһ̣ظ춯֮ǰѾظʱʩȨҲδɰգָʹҲ̫ǶĲǿȺܴ󣬽̸ϸ
͵ıӲûˡ
ǰմ޵СӺ˵Ҫ˵ҲԼ࣬ΪԷԴǡ
ڿǲԴǣһ˸ֻؿʹֻ޲ָűСһͨ佫ֱֱɶʱѧĹıˣ
ƽȻǰԼİְȨԱҲкôģһʹͬһϡ
̫˳ӵڵڸǳӣҲһƶģ͵۾ų¸ϣܴõ֧Ԯ
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ԥƬ̣Ȼ˵ͷ˳̫Ļͷƽϸڡ
Ҳ˺ܶ࣬亣ս±óӿʼ淴˼Լ֮ǰǷȷ
޵ȷֵѧϰĵط޵ľ鲢ȫڹĻͳϰʷĲ첻ɺԣһζհܿʵ䷴
ĺũ˲ܣϪʳȴĺγһģĲҵȺЩǳû뵽ġ
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˵ιҡص־ٵεȽϣⶼոëͷСӵֱʰ˵ڶץ˲ϸ̫·Ȩ²Ҫ뷨
׿ܿҪжлﾭһҪβһʱգʣµǿӲɾֻĺͶĴˡ
忤鹢ֱͽرһëûУ氵ֶξͲʺĲ¡

Ȼ̫װû͵ı粵ųӵĻͷֱİ壬侮ʯظִһƹ
̫˵ϲһֱͳܣڳҪսµĺʱѲٽĶξΪˣ¡
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аԼ˸Ĵ硣
Ȼ˵ˣ̫մ޵СӡβȨϸ̽쵽ڵϲ
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ҪǶϲ²ҪгһСҼȻϲܹδټ沢Ͽͺ뵺жĿ˳¡
ʱ򣬶ָʹ²˹˾ֱӱܿˣ
̫ûôļƻֻöЭ첿ƺıͱĹϽȨ
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ھ˳ƽľ˷֮ȻЭҲʱʲôܽܵľ
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ôҲѹ̫󿴲Ⱥ϶Լİȡ֮ˡ
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167 ߣϲ
콢ҹʻݾͷɫԣʾɱϡ
һװ´;ƣƺûʲôӰ졣ĸٷԸһ䣬ϵͷӦŵʱͷ˽ǰһϳӺܿʧڳҹĻ֮С
ξۡ
Ƚ˯Ժʶ͸о˿˹ȵƣǼźŵϢ
˹ԼĸһЩز˲䣬ʶӦŶԷĶ
ʶķӦΪζ̫ϤˣСߣʱ̶˰ȫС

ŵ۾ǿһ졣Ϊȷ˯߲ţҹҵĴأڰиԷ
ССؽһϤеǷĵȥ
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ڰе屻ֽŶûиҵܡ֪˴˵ѪȻϲӵʽ
հȵľ࣬ᡣ
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Ժز˲ľ࣬ССغһظоӵԼı۰ֽӲЩ
˯ѽ˯ŵ˶ʶľٶС˻Ҳܷ
С쵰ؽ磬ۿʱĳ
ˣ

С쵰ۣԲԲèǴͿ֡
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ڹ۲찢ܵķӦ
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ȽDǸƭӸƭˣķǲܷӰǳ󣬸û취Ʒй켣
ڵصĲȽDĻ۶ϣԼʱΪȱݶʧȥ˰һֻ۾ǳͷβʧƷ
ޣǿء
İܵ˵ͷһΪȻı顣
ʦ˵ʧ֮ǧ⻰ȽDˡ
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С쵰װ£ȴй¶һ˿⡣
Թñˣķʮ֧ԼġҪΪԼľҪ̰Ĳ㣬ҲðŷԼд
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ҪǲڰߣӦþ˰ɣΪʲôԵʲϻȥ
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̫˽ⰢˡȤԶǻأڰֻܵϰߺͲϰߵķΧ
Լ͸ԨϰߵķΧʲôŶų⡣
ݲô㣬ҪǱϰ߸̶ȣαװɿðȫ̽һС
ܵĹϵ
š
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˸µΣε㲻ϧ壬ˡ
סȽСһ飬͵۲鿴ı顣е飬ɿξǲǻûĶĿĥѻ¯¶ˡ
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168 
С쵰ίȫֶþûܵóԸطԷСʵ䡣
Ҳ㳹ʧܣȽСŵ£޿ξİԼƤӵϲСֹÿʱԼල
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һ˵С쵰죬Ϊľͻеĺѻ¯ŻҲҪ˵ŵĽڲȻֵǮҲܰװ
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ҴȥݷϣѰô˵
ϾֻǰȽſҩУȽŴС󣬶֪֮꣬Ҳµ˺֣ÿζѺȵҩ
С쵰־£Сһ˵ҽñֹҹޣһֱڶҪЧ
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ˡ
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ܻȥԷҲûʲô粻ǴӦҪĹߺеᵽξǻ˸طѣξطԷء
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˵޶ȵĸ޿ξȽ֡
ǰǻѧõԱȻоһ㣬ʤϵĹʮָɾ϶ȺͷҲû˵еǾɡټרҵӳӱĸ˵СŶӾȻҲĥϵģܿת
֪أ
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ӱﶼˣ֪ҲӽɣҺϹˣö»ɸ֡
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һأȽźܿԸԳͶ뵽ԼȤϡ
ĿǰĽںڻѽ⣬ľٶȱû취ѱ̥ˡ
Ƚ˵ĺڻͣҲȫǰСԿеʯͣʯдȡĲֻȡĹձȽϴֲڣ޷ЧȥʣټϴӺ;һ㣬ԲСúͳʹñú͡Ľۡ
ղȽǷǳΣյΪΪҪƴɢĸ壬оͰҺʯ
ϴͨУһֱû¶ݵİСԸȽҸ档
󳡱ɶը鳡ƴָƷȾ
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ԭϽȱţһߴִŵСүҲѧڼգһ㶼˷ѡ
һ취ǰѼصֶϣøֲﶼԱЧռ֮ǰú¯ʱ۵ľ顣
Ϊȷʯ͸ռ¶ȣȽŰһͰԭ͹ּ¼¸ݣһ
͵ռ¶0-140ȣʯ140-180ȣú180-250ȣ250-350ȣ350ͷΧũҲԵȼϡȵ380-500Ȳͣ500ϻİС˵࣬໹·
Ѿ˳·ɰСͳͰСԵĽ˵ڻ͵˳ѹмѹ󡢴߻ֵҪſȶʹá֮˵ܶࡣ
һʼҪ걸ƣһѶȽϴ󣬶ҳҲİȫ
⣬ȽһֲԭͨˮͲ߲ƷѹʹɢڵַڣֻҪװ壬ҪСĿҪ㡣
Ϊҹս̻˰Ųʱ䡣ɹҲģڵһʵɹһͰڻ͡
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԰СԲ˵Ҫȶ
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ѾлʦоȶˣѾЩüĿʹȶǻǱú͸ʺϵĶȼϡҵȼҲϣٶȡ
˵ţȡһյСƣžһµȼоһױ
Լú͵ƣõԼúͣҿȺĲ
ѾԪͨҪ취Ҳɹһڻ͡޵úôһͰϺüͰڻͣڻͻĸƷҪҵܹɣԺͿԼĵҼһ϶ã
˵ȽŶ˶٣ԲԲè·ǧǹ׺С
㻹ǵСʱԪڵȥƣµԸ
ݱĲҹء


169 
Щ£˵ף涯ֵʱǺѵġ
ȽȻú¯ú¯ľ鲻ȫհᵽڻоܿ
βȽһˡ
֪֪֮ԼܰѷӦװĥѾǼޣģҵƺͽ죬ЩΧڡ
С˵ڻǱÿһζ˷ѣԼĸУīڴѧԺϣܴѧԺĸλϰõ֧Ԯ
ȻĿвȽű˵巢ģڸԨԪ硣Ϊõ˻ǰҩĺҴȨڵԪѾǶĴˣһһܹע
Ԫڹ걳ϽʵңΪԴŹٷʡж飬ԨһС̻мӸȥرصĹ걳ϱĴ²ԼԼˣ
ҲΪԪ緢õ˼˵ӦīڴѧԺԺԻţʾڻ͵ĹҵǼ£ѧԺԸȫ֧֡
һ˴ѧԺĽѧأӽܡϽлŽݵλʦפЭϳɰݱ֮֡ũʦӵݣһһԱɢȥʵٻʩãԴԴϡǰʱѧԺҽü㳲ǋqԲǰҩٴоѧԺ˿һµҩѧƣ
Ժͺܻšǵ˱֮ѧԺգҲȥ
ԺԭǻƳĽϰлŽݻҪ˲٣ķ˸ʤ
û񶫺طԭһɳ죬ȻҲֻ˶̶һʱ䣡Ҹǣһĳɹɢڸũлﻹҽҩֱ˵Ǳؿҹ̻˴żȻ
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ԺӹȡһöϾԭСĵذڷԼ칫һǣȻְ쵽һĬĬף
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ζҪоڻ͵ĹҵԺ߰Ը֮һ뵱꣬Ҳ־ĦȭƵҪڴӺԼʯ͹ҵں޿Щ߸ߵǱú͵ƣб˶־
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ҷˣԴҵ˰ԸǮͶɱߡӮĹҵǸ˹ֲ֯԰ӴӺ̴ԭϺͻ˿񣬻ʳĹҵƷӺĴҵһƬ㡣
Ժ˼ʮ꣬ʱһռ󲻵ԲԺĻơ
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ֱȨճԺǰѻҲѹֲסÿһ춼ȼա
£ҲҪȥ
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Ҷȥÿ˶óһѹûʵɡ
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Ժʼѭת֣ĬĬףץεʱתתˣصĻ˦ͷ
ٺ٣ϵģڻͺķҲûɶϵ
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ҪҲǼ£ǶûʲôϺŵѧУƽʱûٱЦ۱
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ǸûᣬǸܴĻᣬҪɣƻصıȫƶ
һӣѿӯó룬׼ȫͶ뵽ڻ͹ҵƻС
һԵʦүɵˣ˵ԼҿӵаȻ⿴ֽ͸ͶôǮ²ҪѿĸͿա
ʵϣͿոǲܵģӦǮܶǮ֧ȡʽޡ
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Ϊ̻֮䲢ǮתʱҲ˴˲裬Ϊһ֮ծڴӺͷһء
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۵ĶǣǲҪ¶ˡ
ûȴ۳ȻзڷծȯĿǮׯһˡμ˹̨ʹӻһƱҲ֪дʲôŵùԱɫףæ뵽˺档
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ȻʥּûڸӡûУʥּĵȷǽߵĴܹܣǮһķɿ죬ȫѪҺԣֵֶģղסƬƮƮĲ
˫ϥһͨһϣµĿгɻ
⡭⵽զ°


170 
ʣܹܵҲһ˿Ρ
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Ҳ֪̫ôģֵʥּҲű·һֶдȫⲻóµЦ
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һ뵽֮ǰС񣬴ܹܵľ͸žʹ̫úݰôܺõô˻ƱһöͭǮҲûǿ
뵽ܹĬĬ̾˿
ڱ»֣ɺ֣̫Ȼ̫٣˵ԼҪȥ뽨ڻ͹ϣ̫ܹίµĽϰΪɡ
ӺĻʵԭǲҪϻɿεģ̫ԼīڴѧԺԱڶӵж뷨Ҫ¼ӿαҲ˵ʲô
֣̫ǹգҲ鷿һ棬׷̫ڻ͹ʲô
ʲô
֣ɺһ·˶ǰԼߺȵഺ
ڻǸۻζȴǹҵѪҺΪҵŲɻȱĸ
֮ҪǵıʵΪ˽еĺڻǴӺͿ٣ûúʹã˷ЩԴ
֣ɺ⻰˵еƫģʵǺʵʩˡƻֺڻǽЩ£ᱱصĳԡ
̫һԣ΢ЦſŶ֣̫㶼׼µѾû˹ĺ˵ΪʲôˣػǿأЩ˶û׼Ź˵ҰĲԩ
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ڻͿԷܼͣ͡Բ๤ҵԭϡ¶ʱõú͵ƣúͱǴӺڻġϧǴӺûĺڻ͹ӹƷʲأȼ֮Ũҵĺ̡õͣڶǴӺ޸߼۹ûģϡ٣ͨտòġ
һͨòСʵ۷ϸоѹ
ĸ˵ˣЩ˶ðճԲůԼ㻨Ǯ˶˴Ҫ뱻Ͳôҹ̫ࡣ
Сʵÿ춼Ҫ鵽ú͵Сʵ۵ú͵Ǹɰͣĸ͸Сʵʮϧ
һ뵽ʱûú͵ƣСʵ۶ٸʮֽǣҪΣ
ǡΪʲôǲڻ͹أ
⣬֣̫شʱȿһ̫
ϾǸ̫ƽʱԼڼȵʲôľˣܲܵ˼Ҽҳѧǰ˵˼ҳĲǰɡ
Ϊɵǡһ˵˱İۺ½ذɱԽֹ˹ڻ͹ȴȵ۸ӡ˵ڻжӺڣȵǾжú˼ӹûʲôãǮֳɵò͵ˡ
Щ֮ԣھԲܸ߽ϡϵͻСǷֱķֱûôǿöױӰ졣
̫ӽ˸£ҲŬҪԼĺڻ͹ҪѵǮʵ̫࣬Ҫ๤һĻۣڲܳһЩüĿ
ڻ͹ܻǮ̫ӵͷ
ΪҪܶǮҪʡҪܣΪǮѾҪҽǮˡ
ҪǮ𣿣
Сʵһȣѿڶ
ĸ󣬰ƽǮƽǮ

ܹסۣĬĬСۡ
̫˽⣬¶벻ֻ˵˵̫ǻᶯģ
Ȼ̫¶һοЦȻ򿪱µڿ⣬ʽȫ˶еծȯ
ܹ˵ⲻϹأϾ¶ǱµģԼǮԼĵοʷûһŹ¾ծģ̩඼ûǮϿȫɣв֪жٳЦϲ̨ģ
ƫƫҡ
ң˼¶ϣͷȥڿˡ
ڵ̫Ѿǵǻ֮ʱģ齨˰˾Ȩ̫Ѿһһ߳ĻΪˡ
̫˵ҪծǾǱµĸĸ״ӵ˽˭ҷԣ
ɴܹҲû뵽̫ȻôݣȻµûŹ
ţŶдһʥּǱµױʣдֻȦȦ棬е˼ȷΪӺµˣֶ֧ͬĽƻڴܽӺĺڻ͹
ǮϿѾͨϱ͢жԴ̬Ȳһ
Ȼֽ֧ͳȴַѡڶϾûԭ͵ĳɱӲ١
׿Ҳͬ뷨ڱĽͳǽڱʡæս£лжתء
ڳ۲ݵʱ򣬶ծȯȻճó˵°ͣһʱ֮Ⱥ鼤ַǮϿѡַ鶼ˡ
ȿȡ
ܹװûпǮһļ͵Ĵࡣ
ӣξûڳ˷ˣڻڿСµȫ˽ɾıֽʱʱܿϢ˵ʲôĶС˵Ǹļˣƫƫӿڱǵ֮ĵһǷˡ
ܹи̣ȴάŰ˷粻Ĵݣǡֵչ˹˵ĳҵ
ּ˵Ϊ˺ڻ͹ڳʮֹģصذڿǮƲ֧ԮǮһҪ˱µذѺڻ͹
һ仰˵ǮϿᶼˣسžɾķѿͷʥϹᡢͿء
޵ıһһѵģʵֱۣܹܶӣ׼ǣ˵Լþ췵عи
ǮϿĸͳ˿ظٻʱſѾһȦˡ
вٶǶĴ󻧣мǮҵظڰֲʣ󵽵ƾһǮϿΪ˹ʹ¡
ǮϿμǴܹܵĶֶû¡
еʹծȯв˶ۼǮغǣ̱Ĳ롣
ѵǹҲծȯǲ˵ĺܱأ
ҲǰôԭͲȱǮÿ˰ն㹻ǮϿ׬ҪһʱתһغαҪǮǮ
һ룬Ҳԥپծȯ¿С
֮ǰȻǮԼҲ˲٣Կ䣬й˵ıĿף
ڶһһģ˭뵽һǰǶûˣڵķڶ£
ҪǮһĸˣݳҪһ̨ס
֪˾ǺȻһ㣬һѷسծȯǮׯɱȿֺػƱԼƵĺûᡣ
Ҫ1ȯ
Ҫ򣡡
壬ȣȣ


171 
ծȯۻ𱬣ǮϿʼδҲһĹвǰ˵һڵծȯѾһգ˹ѯʲôʱж
ڣ
ǮϿĿ
Ǯʱˣº˵ڲ
ȥҸԨ
Ԩܿ˿ظ·ؽǮϿ鷿
ΪлҪ£үǮصĴӿޣֱ˵Сԣῴ۷磬Ǹ֮š
ĳ̶ֳ˵ԨǮϿԻ·ʮִߡ˶ҵӵиȻ㲻ͬܵõͬһۣܿ㿪ʼǱΪ顣
ԨʱǮϿڷ֮ǰļƻ顣ݼƻδһǰҩĺۼƻԨҰĲҪ·¹λսĻƹ㣬ȡѻǰҩսرľ衣
ȻĿǰҪΪ軹һ⣬Ǿǻǰҩ߶ۼۡ
˵ǸԨһƶģú޵罻ϵӪճɹѻǰҩƹ㵽˺ϲȨȦӡ
ȨȨĹأǾǾԲܺ͵ͼһβҩʹõҲڹȦͨ崿ѪҪ߹󣬲Ӧñƶۡ
ۣζʧȥͻһΪŭԷʧȥ¼Ŀܣòʧ
ۣƾĹڻҩĲܸòַӡ
ѡ
Ҫ˵үǰѧԺҵܿĥһ취Ǿǽѿǡ
׼עһ磬Ʒǰĺɡ罫ŵͼ۷ƷţԪĻǰҩȫ֣רߵͼ·ߡ
ȻνĵͼҲǱԪǰˣȾҩﻹҪϲ١ү׮ʮġͨĿȾҩԭͲ࣬𰺹зյùҺǰֱԽаȫսѾӵеߺ¬żƺޱǳ¡
Ҫˣһʼǿܲӵһսڽ֣ÿһսֶѣš
Ǹʱ򣬾ĵĹҲҪ취ҩˡҩǮҩǮҲס粫һ
ԨΪǮϿΪ£˭֪Էһ˦Ʊ̬
Ԩܵؽסһۣ󾪡
أ⡭
ŰɣȽڻ͹ġ
˵ǮϿ˶٣ֲһ䡣
ȻҲǰ׸ɼڶ£Ҫ׬ǮҪֺ졣
ҿļƻ飬СӺ뷨뵽һȥˡպÿҲҪһ磬ͽ磬ǹӪרųǮЩ󳡷ͶǮֺ죬ô
Ԩ
үе㲻֪˵ʲôá
˵ĹģͲ϶ҪǸԪߣǮ˦ƱѾ㹻Żˣ谺̻ĸҲ˼ҵ֮һѡ
ǹӪһ־ζŻޣҲ֮ǰںޣһһҪϡӡ¡
һ㣬үе㲻ˬ
ǮϿɳĹǣչա
ȻɣǮడǮĳ֪ģǮҳߵﶼ˹ţ
ͱ˵ҪǴǮȥڻͳ׿ضö¶ЦûֵܵסǮ

Ԩز׽˹ؼ֣΢ࡣ
ΪʲôǱڻ͹ǿڶ
ȻΪʲôҪڶ
ǮϿһ졣
;ǱѺڻһ·˵Ҫ˷ѣ㰡
ǡ
Ԩץץͷ
ǶǮˣȴڿУⲻǸ˼𣿡
ô᣿
Ǯһӡ
ǮϿܸ𣿣
ѹص
ԿģͶǮռͷɵڶңǿʱǱܣΪǨ˿ڹڹȥѡַõأⲻʡһʿ𣿡
ͿɳǾ;ˮ¥̨Ҳ㣬˳Ʒ׬Ǯһ붼ҪڰһƬأⲻ
лǲȥԼĵԺǾͿļҸãб˲ռ˵
ԨɳܵضˣûмôĿأǱǮϿһŴͷ
ҪģʵԸ
ÿ춼æںڻ͹ĳｨҪ˴ĿԸ˳
ʱžͻףԪɱʲôҰÿ׶ˣ
ĳֲ˵ĽϾ飬ԨǮϿʱľ졣
˵ʱģΪԨҪԪ硣ǮϿ˵ˣ׼һɿľ򲹣Ⱥڻ͹ԺжΣԼߺ޵е
򲹵ѡǮϿṩģԨҲܸоЩ˴ɲһǮӾŪɫ
ˡ
ԨЩ򲹿νľޱȻҲ˲Ե
׻ǳһӰ磬õۻǰҩĺȨҩĻǰҩڳɷֺͼ϶ֻṩõƷ࣬װҲļܣʮַϡۡ񡱵
Ϊľ죬Ԩ˴βǰҩίԼµĵɽȫȨ
˵ҲǸԨˣں޵ԨųɻҲп˼
ǳɹӴԺܶһˡ
Դ֪ԽĽǿ֢
Ե˺ͼԲƷİװ۶Թ滮ѾѺȦκϡ
ֻǸװʵ۾䷽ȫʦֿƷ˼⡣
ҩıѡЧ϶ȲĳƷ˵ԪѾѻǰҩ˺ޣҪЩƷʲô
ү˵дá
ǰȡĽЦѻ˵úǡ
ⲻҲû취޵ĹܸƽʹͬҩӲҪƣֻӱͨ
Ҳʵûʽ㣬Ҳ˴ţܾˡ
ʲôõÿ졯ȷͽ𣿡
ȫƽ۰ֱü
ôڵİװȷǸҩ
ף϶ף˵ͷܾó
һ¿棬ȷ֮ż˵
ϰ֪޵ƽʵкܶǲʶֵġΪʶ֣Ժܶ¶ǿڱһϿڵ־ͺҪ
ڰװ϶ҪݻװҩƿӶҪơҪǸƽʲôװԽԽãֻҪܱһϳǾӮˡ
ϰģҩҿ϶麣ޣ費˵ܱ֤ġ
͵Ǯɣ


172 
ûдţƽۻǰҩܿںݵغۿϢڹүǻʱ򣬺ݵƽȸܵԶҩ
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Ŀǰ򸽽еҪеߵľפأʱоڽѰץ̽еŽŵķΧ
裬裬ҩˡ
ϴȸߵŮҴҵܽţлһСҲ֪ǷʲôŮȴʮϧ߼Ҫһ£ƺʲôı
ǣˡ
ڴϵ˼ѵһСĴϵ˿ڣʱ۵̱ڴ
裬Сģ
Ƿ»еİǰƿӣĸ׵˿ں׻ŧɢ۵õᡣ
ĸǷ֯ŮǰĻϣĸ׺Ů˽ȥһͶȻûȴˡĸ˵ģֺֻһС⡣ûǮȥϳҽʦƣֻҽݲݰ˿ڻŧȾˡ
ҽ˵˿ڼȥֻܰжϡ
ǵĸ׺ܺ£ɷ͸Ѹ˽ˡһ˻ҪŮҪʧȥһȱ㲻ȥϹӶҪ
ధҽԸѼнʣǮóΪѡ
ҽҲǸĳˣ̹û취ˣûǮһЩɴҾơ
ҽȥϳȥûкĵүԸʹһЩĻǰҩ˵ҩѾ˺ܶĹ塣
չĸףԼŵܵȥϳ
ϧǸߵϳ㳡㱻Ѳߵе߾֡
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еܹǻΪ·¹ΣԼδµĳȻʮֿݡϳû̫ܵӰ죬е߾Ӷϳı֮ǰϸһź˳֣ϳе߾ʣĴɱߡ
ǻûȵĵĹүǺ͵ܱܵ㱻ϳ
ܴͷɥ·վʱ򻹱һɧšҿסڸ߰æܲѡ
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ԷǴӼάͶݵһӡҵĴˬ飬㣬4Ҳɿɰ
Ǵ飬ԭҲһҸļͥǸױѸϣһҲ䵽ڵľء
ţ̲סˡ
ûҵҩֽϳĸ׵ĽҪ޷ǿô찡
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Ҫһǰ𣿡
λ̫̫һ£ӻһС
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Ҽǰ̣ʱˣ˱Ƽҩ
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ĸ׵˿̫ءҲ֪᲻Ч
᲻ЧҲֻԲ֪
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ҪǸӦԭҲǲģϾҩֻڼάĸۿڲУǣҲ֪ܲҵҩ۵ˡ
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ǱСҩۻ˼ҡ
λ̫̫Ķĸ׵˿ȻСĵҩۡ
ǣǡ
¬˹̫̫ǿʹŮеҩۿ˻
ҩĶģ
ǱԼ͵ܵϳĸ׽һ顣
ǸðʧĺӰ¬˹̫̫һ
㾹ȻЩеߵľˣɷģûжƽиɫҪǣһץɸô죿
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ʱƾһɹ³ȥϳǣڳﵽץЩ˲ȥǹүƽҪĿꡣǰۿŽֿڵĲ÷̫̫е߾˴ߣ˵·Ϸ˿ɵıǡ
һֱڣ÷̫̫ûлҲ֪
ϣ÷ֻ̫̫ϰԵһջѣôͱ˿ɵıأ
ˣҵĺӡ
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Ҳǵɡ˲ֵǮ
һһҹ˵2ϣǾĸ˿ڵĺƺɢһЩҲ֪ǲԼĴ
˿ǲǺõˣ
ðܹĸ׵˿ڿһȻ˵ͷ
ǵģŧˮˡ
¬˹̫̫ʱ򣬿ıżһС
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ҡͷѵ¶˲õЦݡ
裬ҩЧءǶ˿ڸ첻һˡ
𣿡
¬˹̫̫ûʲô仯Ըⰲοǵĵǡ
أû֮ǰôʹҲҩЧ
̫ˣ
Ǹ˵
һҩۣȻҸҩҺҴλĵ̫̫һȻ֪Ķȥء
Ƕ裬չĸ׵չĸףʵ˻ƵģȥЩľЩҰˡ˵ĺ統ңССͱ㶼ص
ľһˣںǵϸչ£¬˹̫̫Ľˡ
ڽϴӽһЩӻеߵľϴȻ࣬㱣סơ
һռеҩˣǾȥһλĵ̫̫ܲǼһ
֪ҩۺ󣬿ĸ׵һղϣһձ㲻ܷġһ죬ڸϴ֮վҵάһҡ
ֻһܲã̫̫һЩҩۣе߾˱š
ǻϣ̽ѵ㣬ǱͨͽȻΪʲôܺͼ硣
ǱŻˣ߶µĽԼֻΪĸ׵Ĳҩʲôֻ̽ΪһСβҩۡ
ҩۣ
һе߾߽Ѷңϵֽ˰졣
˵ʲô˵Ļǰҩ


173 
ҩ
бӳķü
Ǹӵе߾ˣһ˫۶ǿ˺һųʵ
ʲôҩ
ǱŵɪɪͿ˼ζû
кܶЩе߾˵Ĵ˵ʲôû
ȻебСħҥԣҲۿ˲÷ȺߣûϢ
ǡĻɱ˵ģ
ʲʲôбӳҲżߵǰ۲һɷֵķĩ
ҩ
ָһᣬ͵ͣתߵǰ
ʲôģôã
ǡǸ˿ڵġ
Ƕ߶µػش
ĽŻˣþöûϣҽ˵ĽˣҪеƤ̫̫ҩҾȸһЩ
ȸ㣿
бӳЦһҲûۣǽ׷ʡ
һ˼ҩҩǺã
һĴΣǵĴΡ
ʵʵش
ʵҲһЩϾҩǱ˵̫̫ϼҴģһһ㡣
ĸ׵Ĳҩİ𽥼ãÿóǮȴģֻһһεع󹺡
ĴΡ
ķ˷ϵĹʡ
֪˲ҩˣǻ˳ˣһ˿⣬ʲô˼ѵʱܱôҩ

Ǿȣܿͽˡ˵һҩӡʵ
ʵбӳ˵ǵҲԼ˲²⡣Ͼҩʱܶ಻ʶ˳˵޼µСԺɫҴң˵ݵĿҲ
Ȼҩ
֪Ƿ˲١
ȻҩӣܹҪЩġ
Ժĸ׵ҩˡ
ķɲǰŮת˼ϵֽ˰ҲûȻҲǰŰɡ
Ƕ˺ܾˣΪǴռѹģԺָԾҹкܶ˽ܿеפĹע
ķһʼǵļݵ㣬ɼôߵģҲϣСԺٲȻһҵ̡
ǿڵģҩҩЧƺУ
ֹǻУǺܺúܺã
ѶڣһͺͷĴŨıؿ˵
㿴֣ڳɻʱˣб˵޵ҩҪȻɽײˡ
˵ţչʾһе߾СָλѾˣֻһªİ̺ۣ󵱳˿Ǻεɲ
˿Ѿ裬ĲѾв䣬¶ʵĺ⣬ȫκη׺׵ļ
ͺͷһؿޱ˵޼ҵҩЧ
кõǴӶ䷽
Ȼֻõȴƺܶ˿ڣ۸ҲرߣͺҽпĻ࣡
ҽ·¹еϰףԴںܾǰĳݡ
ԴӴشӶݣҲչһ֮ЧƻƣڸѧʼרƣҽƼ
𽥵ģҽϲ̨еǲҽԼ壬ƽ񸺵Ƹҽķãҽƽר
еʿҲ󶼳ƽ񣬶ҽİ˵˵޵ҩȻҽѲ࣬Чȴʮ棬еĺܶ˶˶ҡ
Ч𣿡
ô
𣿡
ʲôšõĿ⻹ǺõĿ
˾ڿ˳ɻںõXҩܹβºܿ촫פ
ķҲͷ
˵˵һмɣǴռģҪϸ飬ҪʱҪ̾ߡ
ɵ˾㱨Ժ˾ȴʱöһ˶֣Ҫ𡰺õXҩ۵
ķ֪ǰÿж𣿡
˾λӾλȻߵ뷨ķǳ𾴵ˡ
ķҡҡͷ
Ӿһս
һ죬ǵľڱչս賿ǹ2000ʿϣ300Щ˵ʿУֻܻʮ֮һµ˶˿ڸȾ
ڱΪЧֿȾҩǻǰǻǰļ۸ǳ󣬿ȻƽỨǮǰžӵġ
ԣ۵ġ˵ҩۣеߵľжҪѾҩ۵ԴҪٵսѹͻǳǵ˱뿪սǿͶսǵڲͣ
еߣҪ֡á
ķӾ˵Ѫڡ
Ȼ˾ΪʲôҪ踺أȥο˱˵һҡ˵ҩ۵Դȷֵƴ
ս˶ҩۣ
Ӿķ
ķһ֡
Ӿ˵ͷ
һ˱ǰתһ취֤һЩҩ۵Ч˵˵Ҫ취ҩ۵ԴǱҪõ
ǣ
ķӾһ
ǸִˣȻӾ˵Ҫҩ۵ԴķҲûţϸж
ܿ췢ҩ۵Ĳֻб˵һңٽķѶۡǺǶдҩ̡Щҩƺһҹ֮ðģķΪԭ㣬ɢݸ򣬶ڶ־˵Զĵͼۻǰ
ͼۻǰ
ķһء
˵ǰĴģ˾Ӿֹһᵽҩ˵ҲԶĴӺֻڹȦͨ۸䰺
ôˣĻЧ𣿡
ķҩۣŷƷƷζȻ˼ĭ
˵ζͿڸУʵҲܲȣһǴƷ
ԡõġҩɣȻֱܿ˱ҽԺı
֤ķڱ˵޼ѳҩģڿ˸ȾǳЧȻȲ˴˵еĻǰֻҪʹõļ󣬺ܶ˵ľҲܸȾĥܹƽ
ؼģҩļ۸񲢲ȡҺĳɱҪһЩ
ںݵڴ̣ܹڸֵر鲼սƽʱ۵ĴҲ˽λҪչܡ
ۣЧȶԴ
̫Ҫˣڱһ͵פķյӾٻ
ԼǰӾİ칫ңһͿ˾԰׵ɫ죬ֻ۾ԣ˶˿ܡ
ܺãáҩܺã
Ӿ૵߶
ѾдŸҪ֡áȻǵľӺܿͻΪ̣áⳡսת۵㣡
˵תͷһ˫۽еļеڴ
ҵ𣿹ڡáԴ
ʣķɵص˵ͷ
ҵˡ
ӭ˾еĿ⣬ķȻͷƤ飬ļôݲȥ
ȷ鵽ˡõXҩ۵Դ
ζ磬ôǸҩĵطأ


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ӦǸϵİɣ
ķڿֵʱҲһ£ܻԼ˶
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˵ȨܵġһˣֻҪƷмֵģ̻ͻԸӻ
ԼʹٲԸķҲֻܵϰһͨҩӵݵŰݷãٳԼҪһáҩۡ
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Ǹɫͷüһһ۵ľ
ɲҪˣܵÿĶŲƷڱĵط򲻵ҩЧͻǰ࣬Ǽ۸ȴֻлǰʮ֮һ㷭ûҪм׬أ
ҩЧȻǰ
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ӺҲᴵţôҩЧһأ
˻Ǳ˻˼ýҼҩȣӾǹ壬ǰǹרõҩǷ˿ϣǰԿڷڷƷȸȾЧѣ
ڵĶ϶ҪֻͿƤϵֻѡοǰĿǰ϶ӦСҩû˵λΪûǰֲʣɱȲȶҰùҺɿˣ
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ҩ۵ȷҲпȾЧȴֻˡҩ۵ЧҪӼЧҾԲ˿ڷ
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˱Ӫҽ˵ҩеӦûᴿЧɷֵĺ㣬ԲŻЩ⡣
ӾҲûҩʦǰĳɷ֣еҲҩƵĻѧҩҷ½ֻҪ䷽Ʋ⡣
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ӾеߵĴġսˣҲ᲻óһǮͶʼҿѧԺеߵĹ֧ⳡսѾǴõ·¹Ĺͺֲ԰һκս֧ᱻܾ
ķЩôЩƽľ˵ġ˿ԲƷ簺ˮֵǮֵͶǮά
ͬϣڣüѾսǰʿٶԶԶ˹ǵԤԶƣеߺܿҪ-ȱͶĶѭ
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Ϊˣ˲ٹڴӺֵĹΣ֪֪ˣֻҪԷϴаհС
һķ֪Ҫ㣬ΪӺ˸˵е߻·ҲǿĿİ˫ͨȫ֫帨˰쾢Ҳֻҩ۵ۼۣ⣬һõû׵
ķƣۼŽĲʲôڸǣŸٴҴ뿪˵̡
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ķôкܴİܳɣΪԸЩС̷ߵļ۸񣬴Ӻûɲܡ
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ڼϵȣȴǵӵȹĶҪռǲ룬ǾͻʹֶΡòʧ͸һͳȫֵļǾͲˡ
Ҳү洫
ү˵޵Ĵ˶࣬ɵҲ١ɵԼµһˣֻҪ΢һ¾ǳ˿ռˡ
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Ҫѹͼ۸񣬽۸񲻽˭Ҳסܱȱ˳۸ߣ
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յĽɹǩķݺͬ˼۸ʮֿɹۣԷŵ䲢Э뾳˰ѣó°Ͳ㶼ϲϡ
Խ岻ѣȴĪЦЦһ˵ĵȻ
ҪҩĶãɱѹùͣүǰھӪ̵棬һݵľҩǲҲ
ֻϣ䷽ܱصøЩӺЩԪˡ


175 
ϾǡζࡱУ˰ҩ⣬ͳҪɡ
ʵ˵Ҳʲô£ǸүһƬĵ׼˽ҪںѰһЩţ
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ͶͷʢģͬǿӲɵҲʾľسͿȣݱֵǹԶǹһ˵ľҾʯҶݿ̾ڲԷɽ´Ѿˡ
ЩͥצǰΧ£Ī֪ĽЧ̫ڱ׷ͥͶӺ֮ѡ˺ߡǱ³ɽϱ£ΪӺˣõ˳͢غʱʼ˸Ǯﻹб߾æأǳԾӺǰڵĺ
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βԷɽ鲼䣬ϣڰ֧֣õĻӺáЩѾͬһεڲԭ䵥ֱɱʱϮͻҩ֣ûΧˡ
ÿ궼Ҫڽ˷ϻѴͲԭͲԣľԽ׽⡣鷳Ⱥѷ˻УʱʱͻὫ鱨ݸϣԾͨ٣óҺҶо಻ԡ
ˣλв࣬Ҳ忤ĿξǺսϣһĵã뺷񺷲ηṳ̂һ
֮ճݱǸת۵㣬һ꿪ʼԼзʽ»ܺãܹѷ˵İͻڣԽѵ߾ϣˡ
һǹ󣬳ԴǰԷɽ䱸ʽĻս뺷սó̾ڲԷɽϣǻķٲֱ˵ʱ˫ߣԷɽ´ĻԭͲݳ
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˭֪ծȯ̫֣ûͷӰǮ룬˼ҵһծȯѾûˡ
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ͷӿ˿ԼǰճǮȻԼûȥֳˡ
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Ĳ˵һף㿴Ŷ೤ʱ䣬Ȼͱ˺ϲµĸ֮أǮϿ﹦û
֪ǮϿʽ׼ޣԾط˸Ĵ㣬Ϊοڻ͹ģʽ붫Ӫɡ
ӪҲУǮ϶ȱĺڻ͹ԾòܸڻᲢ۵ջ󣬱ʶȤԽۣҲҪǮӳǮӪƻͳɡ
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ԷɽȱҪϿᣬȴģ磬ֲ
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绻أ
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˵ɾǰв˼ҶںӸճʱǣһͷײ̣
ϴθǵĴشӺмҵĽˣ˵ţҶһִ·һǹعĶأ
ΪоĹϵϢжȷǳߣ˵̸ЧѶϢԼǿļű࣬Ҫʱȡ
Ҳһ̸ܿеϸڣйϢýϲüҡ
Ǻ޲ɽصĶ֣Ǻ޵ߣ˺Ƕһһʱ䶼ѩ˶ԷʹΪ
ɽƷΪʳԶ̵ʮִǾϸѡ֣Ϻһ500̡
500
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500治ˣϾԵҲ٣ȡʤ
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롣
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ΪԶȤұʣ֪˵ѧԺʱŽȥɽأǱ߱鲼һֽޣҰݣɽ˰ǽŮĶͣţ̣ÿ껹ٰ䡣
ɽûʲôȤڲȴʮֹġȻνŮͺֻܿɽ˵ľУɱϾʳܵĻҲһֻȥֲ
ҲƯԷɽҲˮʱҪпڼˣǿ϶١
Լ򣬰ʱҲҪЩֻ֡
ֻǲ֪ɽ˿ϲˡ


176 
»ǽˣ˺õÿҩֵζ磬ʱںСΧ绽ġ
ȻҲûѳϾغԷɽȻֻҪܻԸ򣬵Ϊ˽Ľ׼һ˲ɽأװȥɽط⡣
⵹ʲôеĹעϾԼûӣһĨھ⣬ȥҲǺ¡
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Խ˵ǸϢ֮ǰɽ˲Ը򣬽˲ŷ֣ߵѾ˲ҵֻҪõóԼｻܸճ
ǵģڲǵⶼǾܾͭңҲϺ޸еķңִϮԭʼĽ״ͳ
½ǲģϾζеͷĸɫ࣬ɽҪġ
ҲȷԤɽ˵ͷǸ˸ͷ˵ҪϽţܸɴص˵ͷ
ϣԡϲϡ
òǵζãнݺͺľԸ㽻
һϲ
˵С
УΪǴȺͼ۹õģɹѹƺõĳƷһվࡣ
ЩҶӺƤ˵ǣǾͳɽҲȱٵԭϡ˼ƿԹһֲǽɫң⹤ջ뽷ݣζʮֶء
֮ǰڳϾ͸ˣķֳţҪܶࡣһԻ̥ĸţһֻܻһ̥ٶȾţÿ̥ĸţҪ࣬ȺٶıϣϻȻţ㡣
浽˲ǣֱǰһȺȺĻţλ֪ۡǳĲ򣬻ɽػţ˵ɽ֣Чֻһ㣬ɽ˼ֱţֵİ
̸неú˳̶һϻ6000ֻ200ͷɽţȻͲԷɽ¹رЩţʵڲ࣬ҲѾϽ׵߼۸ٶɽҲϻˡ
Ҳʲô϶յģֻҵļֲűܡɽ˶ִúܣƤ˵һҲûͷζϣֻӦԤţ֣´δʱ
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ҲһܿλȥҪＯµҩװޣ·ȺʱһڻЩݺͺľ
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УǵĲŮĶͣĲҪʺţǲó
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Ȼ֪ʲô޲ݵж㣬ȻţҪ󡣵˵ҩⲻǱɵľҩĻư
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ôһ˲䣬ͷǲһɹڵĿӣôɲɾͳҩʲôҩأ
һʼĻشܽû˵Ҳû˵ûУ̽һ²ͷ˵̬ϡ
ͷ˶ԭί˵ʮֺҪҩӦģܿóеС
ƺ֪ǰĴڣ˵˵ȥҲֻҪܹ˿ϵҩۣұԶҩĶС
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ͷ˵⻰ʱѾֹס¶˾ϲı顣
СĴӻһľСűһɫҩۣʮϧչʾͳ񿴡
ҩİһ۾ͿⲻǡõĿ족治ȫǡõĿ족Ӧǻ˴ƺۡ
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ȷǴӹҩǡ
Ϊѡ
ӦǲôӦģӦ̫죬ͲֵǮˣүľ̸֮
Ҳ˫Ḷ́˴˶Ҫ̽Էĵƣ˭ȷԷĵ˭ȡƣ֮ľ۹пϷ硣
Ҳ
Լүںɵһ׮һ׮⣬нжȣྡգ
Ԩĳ̶ȣֻܾȥģ¡ĶҲǾþɳİˣɽͷ˱αԹԽ˵ƣֱ˶ҪֵкͲƴۡ
ǵóĺõÿҩۺ׮·תˣ˫Դϲ
֤õÿҩ۵Чɽͷ˼ֱѽͳ񵱳õѣдɽɫʳң͸¶ҵĶطظ֤޲ݺţ򶼻ǰ׼á
Ůϣɽ˾ƭѣҩ۱ЩҪ̫࣬ɽѣɽԸ㳤õ⣬ӭŸϺҩ
ɽͷˬʵĴŽļ־֮ĵѪ
ۣǵñ΢ЦֵƵᡣ
ɽѪ溺ӣֻ˿ᣬ׹˴Ӻ˵磬Ҳס
Ȼɽͷһݣϳ˴ĴָΧɽҲ׷¶˾ı顣
ǼֻɽԶѱԼֿĸ飬ΧȺеĽҧأŬάӪҵ΢Ц
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177 
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һ缦ڱ𴲣ѸԼݣȻѵصŶȥʳó緹
ǽ궹ʹĤÿǰһ˲ã˸ɽҰ˺ĢлԼܼЩƬʹǣƺ
Ϊٽգǳÿչ̶ĲٿιյԻͷҲʱҸƲʳ
ҪǷƽʱôһ͹⸡ĲڱһᳶɤǺʳķǶܱǸ
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˶ܹ裬˵˵㻰ЩͷֻҪнĻᡣոҶҶлᣬûҲüڿ󱱻ߺҶһء
ڼе˵һҪѣʣµҪָǨصİա
幺Ի϶ǱľαոúҺԼҵݶǨؼ棬ڿǱ¡ҪǽҪ㱾ֵĳɹ˿϶Ҫٹȥμӷµġ
׼𣿵˼Ҫǿɵ֪ô𡣡
ס˼סˣС̵ЩҪ㶼ģⶼԺԷı£϶üǵúúõġ
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ҳɣңضû¹
֮£Фͷֵܸϵ˶ǱߵĻʳ˽ϰúýһǽճɡҪ˵Фͷֵǿףũҵʳ·
Ҫ˵ЩСũðͻͻͻŲ쵫оһͿǰ¶ɲĵأûСһž˿Ц
뵱ФͷҪصʱĴͶڿǵЦЩµ˳Զӽúܵ壬ΪЦǼţµĵһ궼ꡣ
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ҲûϵҲܲˡ󱱺δҪջصĺҶΧǷֵĺء꿪ũǱԿѸأ¸ʳֵضũæлʿʩãһ˾ܹƬ﹡ˣǿ԰ѿຮıΪ֣
ҰԼջԤڣжͷСĵ
˵õͳգĴŴŵݿ˶䡣ΪȷĹÿͶҪСļලոռƼߡ
Щݿ󶼻ΪڱսеĶϽɱ׼ĲֻɶĽͳһš
αСʮ㡣
Ǯ£¹شҵӡ
ǳаĵأ֣õĻʣûεͷ
ˣ㣡
ӳһߺȣڱ̧ͦͷɱʮ㡣
ѵĺһܿҰС
˶ЩȡԭΪСҲǼˣʱ϶ܵû뵽ξȻʦڿһѲֱҪѲߣ
ţҲпܣϾƺõĲ˶ҪϽġ
Ǿȵ黹ں档һĻһ滹ˡ
ȳͣȺ󣬴ӳŸİգŮУ˻幺Ի°͡

壿
ôģ
ʲƺΪѵصıûжǴɡȻ幺Իɻ˻ر˼Сӵսԭվ
ΪǰǰյľӣʱǴһϢ
³֯۹鱱òԻҺ幼ΪڱԾͱμӣĹ۹øϾգ񴦾֯֡
һ˵Сӵı͸ˡ
Ǽĵأ߲ˣϼǰ¶ĻԲܷŹ
ߣݿ˶أ
ԻԸ򵼡
״ϵ⡣
۹ԭΪ˿ӣֶӣģۿԼھлˮ϶й⣬̲סͬŵ˿˼塣
ȻЩ֮ǰ·ҲûٽҲû˭ǵĻ档
ϾȻ࣬Ҳ䡣ĵطø֣Ǵƿʮͷ޵£ǸٶҲֲ
ɵȿЩִˮ²ˣιŵ˾Ͷˡ
ү²𣿣ûôŵĲˣ
ĺؾȻ֣һŲ˳ñȱҵĿŶ󣬶Ҹ֭Һ͸и͵ϰʽһŲҶӷŵһڵĸ۾ɵ÷Ź⣬СĴ硣
Щֵˢӣ
˵Ҳ̲סһƬҶӳŵ񴦾Ҳֹ΢ЦվһԹۿȡЩܿصĺôԸǨӵ˾ס˵ʱ䶫дҪ󱱽ڻ͹ʱ򱱾Ҫû˿ǲеġ
ôó԰ɣ
Իֱͦظֱ۳ΧĴһӡ
ߡ߻ǱߣСֵģߵرϼҷأֳ²ֺóԣǽطѵ¶ԺҪũˣǾͿԼݳأڵˮ㶼ˣ
ϵ֮ǰľôӣǰεءţ˶һơ
Ϲ˵ɶѽЩܹܵô²ǵǰûֹذɣ
ǣֵģ
Իű۵ļһĨί
֮ǰǸдŶ˵õũզأ
ˣϵʶֶҴС޸˵Ҳƪ߶ʲôСũɶֵܸˣ
ģֵܸء
һԵľЦŽӻҲ֪Ķһַֽ۹ŵĳԱ
ȤĴҿԿһǱµߡԺضũ֣ﶼᰲھȰȫֿԵͼ޾ѵũţקʡµĶˡ
ֻҪǰ꿪һũͻᵽλˣһ껹ְ֤иճɣ


178 
˵ôҿʵҲֻһ̽ԵϾҪϼҴڣ˭ҲΪŴ²˾
ô˵СƬһ²ȷʵﵽЧιŵ˶Աزݿ޲ڣҲԻ˵ũŨȤ
񴦵ľû˵վͻһũ˵ˮ򣬵ʱٰһСչʾᣬҲǱѵıᣬȤ˿Բμӡ
СӲ˳˱Ⱦĵһϵ嶼ɣԼҶӣֶӣ񽱵Ϣٷ磬˵׷ʱҪԵμӡ
СӵıǶܸˣԼջغҶ֮ҪһҪʹũСֵףյʱҪԼֳʳؼңﳢصζ
ոҶƺѾ˹ʶֻʲôʱ֣ڽ׻
ݵսңǴŵѾʼǰ̽ĻرҶΧѾ˲٣뿪Ĳһֱߵɽ룬Ѿ˻ص̫ʱڵĿߣ֪ǲҪԼĹҵͼɭ񱤲ʧ
ڴӺ˵Ǹü󣬿Դ󽵵ջغҶѶȡ
ȴûаи˼ڴĵڸս
ӶװĻԴԴϵ͵Զǹǹ⣬ӵ͵ǹ䱸ۿɼسʵ
ȻЩǹҲǰģϺú̿Ҳڳ䡣˭֪׿飬ʱ㶼ӣֱ֮ǰ
£̫󣬽ڻͼӹѡַѾˡ
ѾؾĴܹվСſţȻͷһݺ顣
Сᣬ̫뼸λس£ڳзһЩ䶯
ңΪӡȡ׿Լɹ䡣
没ڼңˮһǣɴΪ
ܹϺڻ͹ѡַɫõĵɹ䡣ǹרԱȻΪǹһϵڻ͹ôĿȻûй룬ûϵݣȫڣ̬ɵĹʮֲˬ
ⶫôôأǮϿԱϽôôģƶԼԺ󲻻󵽹ͷϣ
һʱ̻Ǹû취
ڻ͹磬˵˭֪ǶӪҲǮǿԼģûаëǮĹϵ
һֵѡַ˵˱ôʹԼµҲòŹ꣬˵˼Աͼֽ͹ֶҲǶȡ
ɵŸǵ棬ôһȫûϵḶ́ԼʵڹҲסƤЦⲻЦؿ׿
ڻ͹ǱԽİɣأʹˡ
ܹܿ˹һۣûµĲȴǲֱͣӰݵ̫ǰ
Сһ󾲼ţ˫۶䣬ɫǺ죬ȴһ仰
̫û⣬ȷһ£Ȼֽڵļسġ
ĿɱϽۺϿ䡢ȫԼ׽ıԣѡ˺ˮΪڻ͹һڹ̵Ľأ͢׼̽ϿȡĺСģԲ
ĶȻһڹֻӪСҲʮֽš
ûʲô飬ô˵
ͻȻûʲôڻ͹˼ԼǮĶǵĹϵ
ӵͷͬ
ʵߵҲʵҵ˹·ӣֻǰԹĶûģҲӺ˵ʵڱʵ˼ȻںЩඥĳȻ
µظ׿һºڻͿĿɡ
Ψй䣬ݱ洫еʱԾҵ˻ᣬһ±㿪˵
Ǽ£ֻҪںˮ򡭡
˶٣̧ۿ׵̫
΢ǵãˮּӡ֮أѡڲ֮ؽ͹дȶոĵطѡûҪѡֲ֮ء
˵꣬ͷСεĳš
۾ڻʦߥ·˽úǱ߲úĺڻͣǻʦϳΪˣЩڴӺϲ㲢ʲôܡ
ֱ׵˵۱¿ˡ
Ĵ󣬳Ӳۣ漰ҵĳţԹֲֻỤʦֻ˵ּά˷ϻӣֵ˺ڻ͹ѡַĲס̫Ҫǹ˼ʼҵϣӦûͬ飬Ѱء
ʵ⹤ĽֻǵǮϿ̬ȣ¡ֻҪѡںˮǾ˱ϽͶ棬ĿҲʹﵽˡ
ڴؿ̫̫ȡѡַ鷭˷Ȼ΢΢һЦ
ƭӵĻҲţ
Ƶᣬȴһ
ʦ˵òˮ֮ͨǰ뱱ͨ·ܱ½ҪЩ
ս£лҪнԼΪʣƹɡ
ڳɢȥ̫ҲԼĹҡ
Ծ£žгԼЦһ
̰ǲ̰λıհǰ˺ֻ˽Ͷܣ˵ȨҲǷ
ǮϿĵá
ܹһԴҳ
֪̫˵˭ҲýյĹӦԼ壬û뵽Ѿ̫ĶУвֶ뻹Ҫ䶯
̫ﵱ˵Ǹǲǰ©˷滻ѡѾźˡ
ǶǮ
ܹܲҶ£Ϊ̫Ը˵Ҫͱȥ棬Ҫǰȥš
ԱµǻԺȥλʥѾǳ¶ڿޱТʺ̫˳ܲĹټ֮
ֻСʵ۷֪ĸƽʱﶼ߶Щʲô
αҳĵùۡ
ֱ̫ӽѡַˮķλǰˣϸϸһΪʲôˮΪбأԼδںˮ򼰽úĹ滮
Ĳʲôа飬ǴӺչҪ̡
̫͸⡣
ڻͣʼѰٵĺڻ̩ͣмعֻ͵ô
Ŷˣѧͨѧ֮ķϻ嶼ϰ˵Ҳ
Ķ۵Ի·ӳ
û취īڳ̫ǿϱƭתɵǰҵԶ֦ôʴʣԼ˵۹ŮˣȻҲû˹ܵš
ٶǲȺΨһĻڶӡ
Сʵ۶ĸĿ⣬Ȼֺͷ
ĸ󡭡ĸ˵öԣ


179 
ʮʮˬӺһڻͼӹСھīڴѧԺʽ
һڵĹģҪԼзΪһеȹģӴͳûȡ
󵨼裬С֤СԵٵϹģīڴѧԺһеоϰߡҲΪһҪҪǳ͹סլԼһЩʩӦصĹ·裬ЩҪɹСϸãʱᶯ
ڻ͵ļӹղѣʯĹÿ궼ܲһúͣ˵Ʋ࣬ó·Ӧѹ
ȽŽ˰СԵʯ뷨
ҪͣԼȼСǿĶҲ뾡ܵĺɫԴ
Ӻĺڻﲢ࣬һ㶼˷ѡ
ĿǰԣúǴӺѾ̽׿ɵӺĿ̽ޣ࿪ɰ;ʺϿɵĳ˽ú뵺Ŀﶼ¶˵棬Ϳʹ׿Ͳҵû⣬ˡ
вࡣ
ȽĬĬ̾˿
֣ɺԺ˵Ѿµ̽豸ܰڵµͳ档
дǻкֲ԰ռأЩطԴǾȡûá
ҵײ͵þϸعӣȽ˸Ͼİ취Ҫܵ޵ĺڻ͡
ϾƵԱеľȫú¯ȻҲɹȡͺͲͣⲻģܹϹģʵϣȽŵĸϾһóͱ֣ɺԺˣή˺һ
ɽīڵκһĿָṳ̂ʵĻۺ;µУûܹ׾ȡóɹ
Ҳһ
ȽŵĹ֣ɺͱϽܴҪʶеĲֲƷ߱ʹüֵλʦȻȻͿʼ޸ͼ
ǰǾЩûʲôãúлѴɾú͵Ʒʲߣˡ
Ƚ˵ЩǺö֣Ժͱʦ㿪ʼȽѧ׼ĿǰΪֹеĶûвҪģ˵͡ȼȼϣ¶ס
ȷ¶𣿡
ȷһɹƵõͣúͣһЩ͡
лʦǱ͵ʵ飬ѽԻȡֵʵ飬ȡ˳ɹ
͵ȶʦַһֳȻɫ־壬а
īڴѧԺڻͼӹСÿһ춼ڽŵعС
ȽҲڡϾƳ˸ϾɹͺͲͣϰǶṩʮֿء
Ϊڻ͹īڴѧԺ㳲ؿĿĽϰϰȫ룬ԷֵоôӺһڻͼӹɹء
һʢĿ񻶣ȽҲУһδû
ЩˣעҪȥһЩµġ˵ҲãԸʹȻҲգ̨ǣǸ˵źҲʱİ̾
ȽźҲȥĹâԵĻԸܷĳܹõߣ֤ʵ
ڻ͹СԺȫֵ֧ͬġֻΪ岻ãȥǱϼλУӣ˳ලС쵰ûйԹԳԷϢ
Ƚţ
Ƚ˵֪˶Ӵһ£ȻȽźһٽѵȽ˽ѵӲùֻҪĬĬᣬ㹻ӵС쵰öס
Ƚˣ⺢ӣСӲӲı˭죬øɻ»ɣֻбε
ȽˣҲǹ۲˰ŰԪͰŷֵġԪϲŸɣûضûʲôãҪ̫ǿӲˣʲôʱһٶֵģͺܶòԣôͰԪÿζǳԵ޹ؽҪСðƫܣ
ȽˣҲԣȻԺӶùˡ
Ƚŵ˾ǣԼƵĸϾͼֽϽȻ˽ŵĹ״̬
Ǹʦӽо꾮أȽŵϱСú˺ڻ;ֻװ˽׿Ͳ豸Чʵ̫ˣ
ߺڻ͵Ĳôͻͼӹ壬Ӻڻͼܣ
뷨ҿũµĴ㡣
ʦ˵
ʹ꾮豸޴Ҫ˳άú̿ҲǸ⡣
ҴԭʼĴ׮ʽĶ꣬ĳת꣬ø̼ͷҲ㡣ʹʿƵĻۣ˵úĻʯȽϼӲʹöҪֳܴݣʱת͸Ҳ㡣
һҪԳʱȶеĶ豸Ǹȼô
ʦʣȽ˵ֱ콵ϲ
Լȼûطʩչأʦ͸һ̨ӣôܲץס
ٶȲ죬ȶб֤ġ
ػش
ûʲôȼȣȶҲȣұƤʵʲôͶܳԣɲЩվú
ȼԭ͹򵥸ʦһ飬ԿһǱʦͺܸɴҪʵ
תͷһѹҪȶ𣿡
ܣȻܣ취Ҳܡ
ȽŵֵûзʱֻͣΪһҵԾĻᣬͻԥ𣬴ǳ
һ쿪ʼīڴѧԺĻơؿơҵұƵһڽϰ;ӢȫеֵԺȻҲû뿪
ʳ䣬ǳܿŸɫʵһһ̸߽һ߳ż򵥵ʳϻǼ󡣳˷Եһߣ뵽ʲôҪĹؼ
ȽҲ֮һͬʦʦǲһеѧģŸֵֹ㲿ӱ𶼹֡
ʹһҪ֤ȼҵ࣬㲻װһЩ˻ϴ豸ҪȼϵٷŴŴ̺Ϳ϶ǲеġ
ܱˮΪȴЧҽװһķˮϾĶ䣬ҲȣӦòǳ̬ûҪĶȼϱˮѭ
ұǱн֮ǰֺϽĵԺܺãͶҲǲʺͷһҪӲһЩģǲܴ࣬˾ʧˡ
ǵҪҲ̫˰ɣôܱǿȵ˶ΣΪȻ𣿣
Ҵûڲƣֱ쿪ĸǻбҪ𣿣
ššţʱ򳳵òɿʱȴϬһһȵ֮űƿео߶Ǵ˼Ѫ쳣Ծ
ڣǵӭȻŵʱ򣬹ںڻ͵Ĵ󲿷оҲڸһ䡣ͷҴ﷫𺽣ĳɹѪķ𷫣űѩıʻȥ
ˮ򣬺ڻͳˡ


180 
Ĵأһ޼ʵĿҰɽͣĳһ쿪ʼȻ˳ŵ
ˮϴδӵ£ĻͿʹԭˮġЩİͷԲ׼ˮеùСĸǳڰ̲
ǳҲú£ôϵĳ˿;ƴˡҪǴϵֲҲûϵźӰĴֻкһܻǰӪ׳æõıںϡ
ʵϣڵĺˮҪͣᱻĴֻԹҶ뾡ϵˮͣ˷Ѵҵʱ䣡
ǴӶģ˺þõĴſɻġ
ͷŴЦŸԱߵĳ˿˵
ʵӶǹǶϰձֲͿĹϵҲǿͶǮǵģǿĲ
İ
ԱߵһĽ
ڿǺõط
˵Ѿ˺ü󹤷ܶ˶ҸĹǮҲأ
Ŵ󺣶ԶԷķӦʮ⣬ɵֱͦظ
ǵȻҼҵѾͷڳɺһ׬ȻһƣȻؿ˾㵵ı顣
׬Ǯֵܻ࣬ϧǼҾһСӶֱŵֻܸЩ߻ȻҶͽ
ѽã

ϸ̫иˣ
˷׷׿رĽҲ˼ĿʼԺԼܲҲȥ
е˶ǿ˱йͨŹģ͢Ҫڱľٽص˹ѰһᣬȻγһС񹤳
˵ǱɹĹӣ˱˲µݡŴҲǸˣ˵Ķ˵ˣ˵ĵȻһֶᡣ˵ʱҲип뵱е岮ֵƳǺһۿŷҪԲˣȽҵҪ칤Ƹıһ˵ˡ
ʱҲЩǰĶ׳һ뷨˵һܺãһ˺Ƚɣṩ˹ɺйϢĹŮҲ㹻˼ճɹҩ˵׵ýżҪͷ
Ŵ󺣺㣬ҲԸһĵû£һСӵζܣܰԸ
ҲҪģ˵ȶСҪϼŲԶڱĹӦҲǲġ
Ӧ͵İɣڻͼӹͷϵĸʾдĺءũ˹ȥ֣ȥ˾ͻũҲ۶ģ
⴬ϾһǱǶģרŵĹũʲô϶ߣǴﶼˣ
ʣõõģʳںϪǶˣȥ׾вŶȥϣſָȲúϪֳ׳ʵϼڶ⣬ũʱʳ࣬ɺˣ
дٳСҲŴӵ˵в˶ġ
ȥ½ĺڻ͹ˮ̣˶ڱֵضġ
Ϊ˹ķչѱũ˰úܵͣȥ˻ֵܷأĺǰû˵
вŷɶ鶯ȴǲȵģ֪Щ˵µǼ١
Ŵ˵ҵﶼ̤ʵ˲٣ڱδҲԽġ
ɺøثܹҪȥۏһۏģһһۣãܸԼͼ˻һݼҵףҲһˣ
һ뷨ĻбȷӪӡ
ůˣˣػشʧ˰ٶĺҶҲջˣܵũʱ
ôĲֹҳһˣΪ˱ȫӺĹʶ
׿ǲ洢׼սʡݱҵҹͣһһǹеŶӵıװ䣬Ȼɶֱﺽ·ԴԴǰߡ
Ŵ˵ǸСũʵũ֮⻹һֶ
һũΪøĽĵ׶ʽ岢ԽϴƤΪв㣬Ĵ̥Ϊʹ˲Ͷٵġֵġƶݡ
ҳôеģģĴȵ°Ͳû
ҵү㾹Ȼĵ
кֵ˵Ļ𣿣
ȽСе㲻ˡ
˵ũ»ҳģһﾹȻֻ˵˵Լûµ棡
ߣ˼ҹ뻨˺þõͼֽ˷˷Ѹ飡
ҳҲԾʧԣæЦŰѣ۰ĴͷŶһ顣
ȽҲ֪ģԼҲżΪҪ޿һҳɼʶĴĺã˵ƨˣţ⣡
㲻ǻῪúͳô
ȽСһ䡣
⳵ղ͵ģúͳ࣬Լһ£˭
˭
ȽСź
ҳɿ˺һۣе㻳ǲǺѸڵһӡ
ȽСŲĵǮȽСúܣͲǰǸִܹŵСүڰθëҪ۰졣
ԡ
ҳĴԼ˼ʻңСԹ
λҲ̫ˣһխСۣⲻץõļ𣿡
ĴλϵȷװһƼһĶһЩ˿ڲҪ߶ġ
ҳǸزںƽʱҲûôིǾ棬úͳϿûżһѲ¿ˣҪصס
ɡ
Ƚź˶ĺѣһ۾Ϳɶ
Ҳû
֪˴Ȧһ⣬ҷ֮ǰȼİ취ĻɵشڲҲһЩı䡣
ǰʱųԺоڻͣѧ˲¶պ֮ǰĲͣҾŲԣֲ͵ʹˡ
ĴǸĽİ汾ѾúܿˣúͳٶȡĴڸ·ʻеҪǲʱ̶ײΧˡ
ϣǷֹ˵ġ
˵ȽŶ˶١
ʵһһֵģٶȿԸ죬ǲܰΧ壬Ȼѱƽ⡣
ֳͬװ˼ϣȻ˻ɳȥ
Ŷ
ҳɵ˵ͷúеš
ܿ͡쵽˷ɳȥǵٶȰɳȥʱ򱻼ŲŸΣհɡ
ȽСŶúͳԹһֱľȲúͳڻٲҲʵ˾һٶ꣬Ҳǵһоúͳ磬žٴҲֻһˣҳɾúˣ˼һĻʦûȣϾ˶
ôðŽʵأ


181 
ҳǽųȻС˼徫ʼջһֳϡ
͵ںǰóϵı顣
Ƚһ۾Ϳ˼һЦԸСһòпʵΡ
ǿȼ𣿺ߺߣ°ֳóǸٶȿ϶ðɱ
ȳ
ҳɹ˹֡
ү⣬֪е㲻ˣϹԹԵĴ
ȻؿźԼ˽ȥ
Ƚ˳ؿۺϣһ̧ͷҳĿ⡣
ôˣʲôϿϳ
ףҲҪ𣿡
ҳָָԼ
Ķ
Ƚһ°͵ָ
ôط˵Ĵ
ŶŶ
ҳͷԱ׾˳С
ûȽһۺϣץסϵһ͹
ˡ
ȽҲȰʵǰһﶼǶģܿܽҳˡ
ͷᶯ̨ϵĳһأһСλһš
ˡ
˽ᣬȿƶ¿ʼ˶ĴһܼĶзƴ
Ż𡪡
ҳü
ǿúͳģһ⶯֪⡣
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˻治٣ܿһһĹ۹űյء˵չʾö˶ǰ񴦵˻һȺдŬάֳ
Ҳû뵽չʾᾹȻ𱬣˵бˣϿϿҲ˹ιۡ
У󲿷Ϊ˱أһٲ֣뿴⴫˵е¿ũǸʲôģ
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185 
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ʵҲν£Ҳ㲻ԪĲ𣬶ǵĹӪԨ˭һ
ũչʾᣬ˾ʾ뵽īڴѧԺũʦ
ȻʦרΪũģҪ뿴еֵЧʺɶȣ˳Ϊѡһ˸ֵʳϡ
䣬ȴʮַ֡Ȼ󲿷ʳﶼֲʺϺ͸ʺϵĲΪ˲ֵĴأӦ䱸Լصֲʦѧڱͣһ꣬רŹ۲о͸оӰ쵽ãܷ񽨳ɺؾĴ֣ȫһĳɹˡ
һ۾ͿȺеȽš
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ԶԣûԹôóԵĲˣ
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186 
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ũڵĵطǸСǣ˵ʵһɽУʣµĴǺ̲ﲻ֣ɽɽɽҲܹȥԸ¸ֵ˿ڲࡣ
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Ϊصȥ塣ʦûԸҲû취ֻܰѡЩʺϺֲƼǶũ
ʦ˵ǵ࣬ҲٵضࡣȻܸѣҲԿʰũ۸ĳũʵһꡣãԺȻֺ
ũඥ
ʦøһЩ
ũɲũɣΣٿ౨дŬⲻȰũɣô
뷨ũǧ˱еֻԼ֪
һжֵõġ
һıũֽ̿ʣдԼյĵá
ԭֻ뷨ӵӦԳ͢ɵָ֪꣬Ѿԣʼ˼ݸʳֲķˡ
ݸк̲̲˵ŢУȴǷҲȱĶʺ̫ࡣ
īڴѧԺʦս˵ĺô˵ŻȥҲԣ
ҪĳɹǸСݸҲܳΪ֮ˡ


187 
ڴũʼֲ¡
ҲͶũƣȻֻһͨѧãʱҲѪıԶ롣
ϧʱ˲ãոһյ𽥱ĥƽǣչڳš
ʰҵũüϤ档Ȼĳʶûб仯ģũͻļ룬һֶЩͬ
·ֻصʱѧö״̬ÿһ춼ʣȻҲѾ
ȵ֪ͻغˮʱũѾɹʦѵ࣬ÿũεĺò԰Ρ
𣿡
۱ũߣ˳Ŵָķһ޼ʵҰũڳ۳ҡ
ʩõ׷ʣôĵؼ˶æùũ

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ɽϵأƤëҩͿȥװ
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ҰɽƯʯҶҰɽɵ̤ѩ㣬ǽһƯ
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˵ҳɺȻ˶٣ٺһЦ
ҰɽȻãʱҲָ
ھϣҵֿССԸͨɫͲطһҰɽɣʱᡣ
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ȻҳɵĺƤүҲϲֳ
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Ϊ˽ڿƶúܣʡһЩһЩ
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ʵҲ֪λ᲻ϲȻѹǮó֧ԮĽ裬Ӧʾ
οҪȼȽžͲҪĳ򲻿·ٴӺľ󲿷˶ȼĿ࿴
Ƚ׼Ĵǽϡ
ϻǸСޣȻҪƣȫԶ̶ȸҪ򷢶ǵһѡ
ǵʶȼ۵ĿɺͱҰӲʵĻеȫʺϽϡ¶ĴͳֻΣտµӡȽѡ˸ӿɰԲ͡СȼһɫѼӵǡ

߱ü
ľɶ𰡣װ˷ȼ
ľԼ𣿡
ȽŰѼӵĺͰװȼǰԷʵ
Ҳȼô
ʣԨҡҡͷ
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Ҫĳȼ㻹ԼƿأĸоҲû취⡣
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ϣ»ϲ
ֻ鵽һѧĺôۻǰηų⣬ǵŬͲ׷ѡ
ҳɿǰĸӵĻɫѼѼ֪ΪʲôоȻһ˿Ľ
Ȼͯǻ梁ԣܵõһѼѼ϶ῪȥеСҫϾȫӺһݵأ
Լߣ뿪Ϳڣ˭Ҫ
ġ
С˵
ȵ۲ͬԸѹǮͳ֧Ԯڻ͹Ҳһϲء
ǵʱˡ


188 
Сʵ۷ÿ5𴲣ȸʦȭţȻֽһʱĳŻ̵½ʳͣһʽ
׶ҲǺܲ׵ġ
Сʵ¹Σֱǻͻڻ֣ȥоڻͼӹˣҪһʱŻɿͣĿǰֻһλ
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Сʵ۵УȽɱ˻ѧһ
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СʵĬĬԼ˸Ǳӡ
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˵⼸ȽҪһûСʵ۾;ʮֽš
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Ȼ֪ףɿһװ۵Ӵһ΢ĵȽȴĪֻ
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ȽţܾǸֿͰ͵ϲС
ȿȣȻòȡǲԵģԱϻ˵ʷĻʵ۴òڡ֮תõ֧òȫһѾҲ֪ǲǸɺϡ
ڽ˾¿ɰţķϣ˵Ҳڴһ¡
ȽСź˼ʱСʵ۵ԶҲһ·񱼡
ȽÿѽߵŮٹùöÿӺ˵ÿӦýʲôţȻʦÿˣ
žͺܺ˵ӣ˵һԼ˵λȽʦҲװͰ͵صҡͷԵ˵ûԡ
ʲôСʵ۲󶮡Ǻܲϲʦ񡣷·һ϶ŪףЩʵۡ
˵ѪЩ˲һ֦ǼҸ͵ۣǾ۵ϵ
ĸҲīڴѧԺԱȺ˲һ
Ƚʲôѽ
СʵָŵϵСѼʵ
ӘѼΪʲôûнţ氲װǳ𣿡
ǵġ
Ƚ΢һ
һѼ͵ֳʹȼΪǻѧĲ
ǻس
Сʵۺܴϱץס˹ؼϢ
Լĳ˵Ĳһ𣿡
ǵģһ۱㿴ˡ
ȽЦᣬԾСӶ̸
Ӻľ֮⣬ôȵһӣĺѱ๧̬ȡ
ο֮ǰ̫Ҳּ̫˵֮ǰ̵ʽ±³ѧϣȽº͵ķʽϲϻѧٲҪų⡣
ȽŲŻᰲһյѼѼѧ
Ҫһ𣿡
Ƚʵ
СʵѼѼһȦװԼǺ⣬۾ճѼѼϣƲ
ֻǿһ£Ѹٵͷ
ðɣȻ˵
ȽЦˡ
֪ûһСֿܹסѼѼ
ʱֶֶŮȫΧۣԷв
ȽĵظСʵ۽һѼѼļʻҪ㡣
ΪǸСƵĳڲṹ˾򣬲ٶȱŵĺܵͣڳⲿװƶṹСʵ𲻲ɲΧ͹ҲͨⲿƶóͣȷΣա
СʵѼѼ
Сʵ۷ѼѼ
ͻͻͻѼѼˡ
СʵһʼСģҰٶȷŵúܿ졣ȹһ˵ӣС̳Ươ
һ߿ﻹһߺȺȣ;ˣҲûʲôͬ
ȽǻسΪʲôԼ߶
ΪʲôһѼѼͶˣѼѼĸӣֻһ壿
ȽΪʲô
һ죬Сʵ۷̹һĵա
Եĸĳ棬õһѼѼԼ֣
һӾͰ˻ѧϲÿȽʦ
һֱϴСʵۻ߶Ŀ֡
һԴܹĨ˰ᡣ
ԴӽϵǻѾܾûıˡǱֵ̫£ʱ»ֻǸޡ
ܹܵĸжҲֻڶ졣
ڶһ磬СʵôҪѼѼϳʱ򣬴ܹеƼֱ޿ԱֻԼĬĬ̾˿
¹ȻǸް


189 
СʵҪѼѼϳ²ûھ̫ĲϾǸѼӳ̫Իԣ˺ͳֻǵһЩľ˭ûصȼ롣
ҲȽҪﵽЧ
ǰ̫Ҫ¶ԻѧȤĿĴﵽ˾͹ˣ鷿ȻɸѡʺϽڱ¹ε
߳ţȽһ۾Ϳ硣
վߣͷȼһ̡
Ŀ⽻㣬ְȼĻȻİĵܵ֡
ţ
Ƚһϲæ첽߹ȥһ߻һЦʡ
ôˣ
Щӡ
شʮּԡ
Ƚ붮
˵ݴְܵģԼϽҪϲͺ뵺Ȩν
ȨģȻζξ޴ξǸֺܿҪȥˣз˵׿κĵһ¾¿˸ξĿԳĿǰķ޴ξ˵;ʮа˾Ҫ
źΪˡ
ͷʵʺϾ飬Ӧ̨Ϸ⡣
ڶפѵأһɨ֮ǰɥ֮ԭ̾⺣ĺͱ𣬺ǰ˼ˮ黹ʧأҲݷڣײ¶ͷմǶս
߽ѵõƽڣź˳ͨݸ۵óԽ٣ٲȻѾԽ³ǣΪӺڶó׸ۡ
ɹЩȽžöĿռ仹̫С羡ʩչҪϾͺˡ
ҲԺļƻ
̬ȺȷйڽξһְѾۣԶʱжҲʱ뿪
뿪չʵͨ⳯ǸưѶİ߶ɨһ顣
⹤ԭġֻڵָʹǾɵˣƽӹµǺһסȵ۵گලٹ٣ȴЩСֶΣͬ죬ͬץ˿˳ˡ
ھɵУĿǰɺǿӲɵĹʶ
ʱǴհܵݡ
г̰Ÿ˰ܡ
ȻȥԷ㲻ǺϲʯֵӣЩ䣬ȥԡ
ȽŵȻû顣
˵Ҳжʱûˣ˸иҪһԸ
ʯֵһӦʱԷĵطʱİŵһθŸ뿪üЩӣֱ統
ǶʱˣЩΪ˼ȻǰŵΪСβͣʲôҪҸ
С쵰Ҳһʼ޼ɵģͼʶڸһһġԺٹʵΣȻʮֻֻǸ绳èһİܣǻóԵ˵ʮûûˡ
ľǻЩ³ʱ򣬰Լ޴˰ܵļϡҲûлУ˾ͥŲͨһ߽˵С
ƺܿ
Уüۼữ࣬һ߸ܲˣһ˵˼¡
л̵쵽ˣλȥþһۣ˵Ҳкܾûˡ
Ƚŵͷ
ʵȽڲûʲôӰ죬ֶֶŮԾɱš塱ľɳƣΪѪԵԶ
ȻҪǰͺϣѩҪƤֻҳζͶС壬ǲεġ
ȽСŲŲһء
˵ͷ
λȥԺҪʼﱸα¾ˣǷɢҲʡԺڻ͹вҾó»ᡣ
棬Щ˵̫ȷ˴˶ö˼
ȽŸҳչʾģοԷѸǰṩһĴ
Ĵʵ½ǰսһĲԣҲֱӿսὫʹýȽš
ʲƣ˾һʵٱ⣬һǰߵսȽžֵá
ĴҲڰСԵʾСԱȽûģֻʾһЩҪСͳϸµؽͼ
Ƚʮ֪㣬СʾļҪȻʵʵ̽ҲҪʧܣʱɱġ
ڣվھ˵ļϿ羰ǰһࡣ
ڰСṩϢниɸʺϴӺĿǰƷѾܺãܺˣ
лл
ˡ
˵Сԣһѡ֪
Ԫ˵֪ȥ˹걳ʵоʱҲС꣬Ҳ֪֪Ǳ߹ô
úܺãǳӦǱߵ
֪ʱһ˲ĻްȻָܿ˳̬
µغһڲ裬һĵܵѵĺø磬˵
ҵլѾˣԪһЩҾߡصǵأѡĶƽĸߵأΧɽֺˮ羰ʮֲ
ʳˮԴõģˮϾɽȪʳᶨͣҲأֲʵ߲˺ˮ
˵Ԫĳʮַ֪ɻĶҲ㡣ʵʮʺԱҲӣԸӦӺĻʱ䡣
Ƚž˵еʵҲ˳է֪ڴӺЩӦ
񻹱֮ǰں޵˼άģʽ֮Ķλٹ̡ȻӺ뺣޵Ͳȫͬ͵ʱȥͣһöԷȫͷԡ
ĻӦҪʱӦģȻȴ˶֪ĿԣҲʱǨͺ͹ĸܣ᲻˵ĸҡ
˭Ǹֽǣʱ䳤˺Ա⡣
ȽĲϣ֪ˡ֪һжϻ۵ˣĲں޷õӣصһǾǱ
Ҫ֪
֪úܺãȽСһӾͷˡ
ȥ绰еʵȡҲԶ˵ѣ˵֪úǾǺܺúܺõġ
תȼѡַ
߶ʱ˾һֱڹ۲ı顣
ĴЦ⣬ȴһֱڰϴת۽ǵüңŹһ˿һı仯üȴڵˮչ
ܹȷܶǸ֪ûʲô뷨ֻһ̸һĻ飬˶ѣû
ָ˴꣬Ҳڽ֪ɼ˶ķһߣȲ߰ԪǸ
֪Զûн롰ϰߡķΧĲʱᱻŶ
ȻңԼ֮ǰ̫ˣŻʧ˷ִ硣
Ժ󲻻ˡ


190 
˳Թ˷Ƚű˵Ҫؿջʰ
æѾǰǵͷֻҪʱȥǴˡ
Ƚź˵ƣ紺ҹһЩ΢΢ͷ
ڳУͷԾصļЩã߶Ŵһյյʶ𽥿ʼ硣
§ļϸĵİһƣ״˵
ȥԺ󣬰űסɡ

ԷĶʰˣڶڿξʱ㿴ʲôµľ͸ܼ˵

ҪȥԷ
£ȽųѾˡ
һ˫è۶ŶˣĻа⡣
ʲô¶ΪʲôҲܻԷˣ
ܻе㲻̫ƽ
˵
ߵʱ䣬һЩʡ
ǷƕDʼûгɹܻһЩ¡
˵ĺޣȽ֮
Dǲ֮ǰҪߵͼֽ𣿣
ʱ绰˵úȷǾΪЩһЩѣ÷ԶҲȷзûԷ߽ͬ
ȽŶˣϱ⡣
䰢Ԫ绹͸¶ͼֽҪȥѿ˵ȽDһֱ뷽跨̽ͼֽԪ͸Ѵͼֽһѡ
ȽŻˡ
ʱȽDֻ̰û뵽ǼһﾹȻȫ޷ǣͺ˹
ѵ֪ݳǱƣо˭𣿣
ѵǳƳ֮սУȽж岮ֵܽõںܵǹ£
ѵټȽ֯԰ô֮һģ
֪֪
ǰȽDȫں
Щᱻɱ¾Լֻͬ뾡ܵĸԼȡ棬ƷȽűӵ˼㡣
ҺõͼֽʱȽűſ˵뷨㶼û顣
ΪǵȽDҲīڴѧԺؿƵԱȽصذͼֽǶǡͼֽǸͨ˿ܲû̫뷨ǻмң˼·ױķ
ֻҲû뵽ͼֽȻ䵽˺˵
ٺ٣õҲáҲѾƳĽ֤ܸһĻ䡣
ǻǷƕD𣿡
˻µȽСССʵ
𣿡
δԼҡͷ
ܵģҲû취ãǶάַй켣еƽ⣬˵ĳȺֱһƽֲӻҩǸۡ
ʵҲȷȽ˵ǹڷķƹĿǰµĽ֡
ֻΪԼҷĻᣬ´ڷĽȸģÿһ춼Ҫȥ
ټеĹϰΪṩõԭϺ͹ߣֻгһó͸ɹķƷһɨ֮ǰĻ
Ҽ̳ȨѾ˰Ȼ
´Чľԭú򲹵ĵһѡߡڽʧأƻۣľһ´ۿۡܶ忪ʼ˸ɴޣתΪ֧ľøɹ
´ľǰ˰Ʊεķһܹɹʱװл̩ŻΪɨǣڹλڻ¡
¾㱸ֻǷ磬͵ķˡ
´Դ
Ͼ˲ֲģʱӺҲƴ׷ɱ17СֻһҳɹأȫϽϡ
ʧͼֽӺڲչ˷ɨѿ˸׳졣DȽӱնʾڣȫ޳﹫
Ӻ߳ŭˣ
´Խ
ǴӺķӦ
̫˽ЩԱǺ³еΣҵͼֽˣǿ©ɳҲûأֻǨŭȽˡ
´ȽDЩϧģϾû˲ңȽDҪǾӪ˵иջ
ֻϧȲˣҲȲˣǶҪת̡
Ƕɱˣ˭Ϊأ
´벻ס
ڶһ𣿡
´Цһ
һıһڶı
Ƚϵõ˻ʵ۵ĳң뷽跨ų켺赶ɱΪ˶Իͼֽ
û뵽ѿǸȽͼֽǣΨӵкһĶˡ

ɻ
ܾԼҴ˵򵥡
ķԶһںܾԺ˳Ʒ֮䶫ֽ˺ܶĻأȻΪӺҵ˵ء
ǰȽˣ֮ǰһֱھӪ֯԰ҲſʼʱҲûкܾá
зǹԶǹʲôͲǺ
ֻɣȴһֶᡣ
ǵѾƵ˾ǴһβܳɹԺ´ҶҪԻ͹ĺܶСһѸٱ˲ڽ¡
Ȼ´ҳǱһϵƣ㲻Ҳóɡ
Ƶˣܱǿ
ܿ죬˺Ϣʦɹ˻ƽ⡣ǴĻٲɵգһصԼͷˡ
ȻſЦȴʵķ˽ǵĴѪϾݵǴͼֽҲͣĴߴٺʩѹ£ܳɹƽǰһ󲽡
´ȴ㡣
ӵ˴һͨ
ṩ˳ͼֽЩΪʲôҪ
ɵһ۵ΪǵУ
ôõĲϣΪʲôǻ첻Ӻһķ
п˵ֻܵͷ´ˣҲԹ
ǽ˵ʵڵλ𿴶ʦؽţʵҵūԸʩЦǶͣһֱӿ׷ǵ´С
֮£ֻܸƴҹݵĥͼֽ⡣
ʱһһٽ´״̬Ҳٷ֮µĽΪ˻ֻαһЩ趨ĻȻܷɣȴ޷֤Լ򣬴ȥ͵˶ʹüֵǳޡ
Ϊͨԣǻصؼ˷ĽǶȺͷ򣬻ѲԳķҲ˽ȥʱȻҲƫĿꡢܷӰϴϽ˵ùȥûб¶̫
´ˡ
ԼľѪıڿ˳ɹ
ڵۿľ䡣һǳеĺڼûз磬ַ䶼Ŀ꣬ʮ
ܺãľĵͷ
㰴ȥɣҪһװǵ̩š
˵˶٣¶һĨݡ
ҪЩӺҲľζ


191 
ȻһС΢ľҲʧ˷硣
Ҫǰ˸¥¼δʱľƲһλĽȻҪٶ֤زŷġ
һΣʱ䲻ԥ
ɹµţɹϲ𽺵
𽺾ÿ궼дǰأȻΪԴԴزƸ
߶𽺣Ϊ˱ʢ𽺵ĺ齨˺սӣҹͣڼ𽺵֮Ѳߡ
ûǧշĵңһֱɹԾץ˻ᣬԴóսŽ𽺵ݺݴսһֲ
սҲǳصģҹңǺܿ֯𷴻ȶס˾档Ͽ𽺵׻ʧأǳԽ͵ķô³սսӸɴͷˡ
֮λɹٶһǡ𽺵룬еĺֿʼ仯
ϾһΪһӪ껨ˮһգԱ֮ľֱˡ
ڻ̩ŵ֧ţЩȻ侮ʯ׻Ǽɵ̩ŵսȻڽú󱻴ӺӴһӣ̩ŻǱһսЩսѵЩ۵Ĺ㹻ġ
̩ҪҪս
ľݺݵ
Դӳ˿ʼûǱ߹һֱʡ
ǸɹʲôһµѪĴѪȣ
ϣϢŭ
һԵĽæһΡ
Ѫͳ˫׽壬ߺұ־Եġ֢
˵ֻ֢Ѫͳг֣Ǹ˶ʣҪβܻѡ
ţ̫ˣ
ޱȵˣȻ÷˵ۡɹȻĸϵҲǹ壬廹вģɹȴֱ֮˾ͲʣԴҶûϵѪ߹
ڵǣҲѪ߹ܵλģѪ¾ǸɡڵĹϲŮѪֱܿԼҲʮּɻ䣬˭˵˭ͻᱻԴ
ϹľѪǼӷ֣ǸеԴľһֱֵüΪɫŴԴͱ̳ˡ
ģѾеĹͽˣȫ
´Цǰһ緢⡣
ʱգһͿԽšֻҪ̩ʿܹ£ϵڴȻա
Ƴ˷´һɨ֮ǰƣҲ̧ͦͷظ̩ҩˡ
û֮ǰʧصʱ򷬳ôģеζƵϣûгһջᱻɣ
Ȼ˵̩ŷ۾
ˣȴ׵ľһ
ˣˣ
ľؿػɡ
ͣ໥
Ͷˣ
һŽǮһоţҪ˽ѣĻʲô˼ǸܿյĿܡ
ɣһ໥˺ҧɣҪԣֻЧһͷǣֻͷܹͣѹܹ棡
ǶԽϲԽ
Ƕµķʿ
ľһ
һжΪǣΪ˸غ͸ĵӦĺᣬЩӵȵĴӺˣǲӵء
ȻеĺܶҲ䡣ӵѪᶯҡǵ־;ģǱ뾫ŽᣬӿƳȨὫǴ
˵ô࣬һ仰⡣
ĶľһϵţȻߺǧ
һ֮ǰһֱŵ̩źȻ˶
ԼפؿʼֶܲӵϰΡͬʱ´ƹܵĹҲȫתǮˮһͻȥԭϺͰƷƺڲ߻ʲô
ѵľ»ˣ
ɹе߱ɫڵüҪγˮ
֮ǰһֱľѹƣҪԭ֮һľƳ˰ͻڣ׬
ľĸңšƻȻͱߡ
ҲǣܼѲڵĸ߶ȣ𽺵֪Ӷж
һҪңʣµĲ㹻һֻţѹľץס֣
ҰĵɲٸֻһλߣھͰȨͲƸץУҪΪǵˡ
ڴ֮ǰκٶҡĵλõľҪһľս
ȥúòһ飬̩Ҫʲô
Ǹǵͼֽͽ˶Ҫľǰ棡
ǽǮɣϵһɾȻܿҵ˽Ǣˡ𽺵Ǿ޶ǵĵ׽ĽǢǰ׵شӶԷõͼֽͽƻ
ľҪҶ
ɹе鱨һɻ
Ҷڲ˵ôΪʲôҪȥȺҰˣ𣿡
ϣԴӴӺո˿󱱣ҶͳΪһĿ꣬Ǻ˶֪ǳᶯ֡
ľһòͬоʦġ
ľʦľ˾ˣͬΪĲƱҴ󳼣ɵӰǳ
Ϊڴ̣Ѿ󳷷ߣҶڵıפʮֿ顣ȻҪӹ˵ľӴ̣ڶԷѾߵĿ󱱻ǽֱ֣ȡҶǳ˫սʱͻϮ˻ǴӺˣᱻֲ
˵ƱҴ¶һЦ
Ӻ˲ϲǵĵ伮ϽǰǸ벶Ĺ£ĽĻȸԵͲ
ѡҶҲһģŵʱɱʿǻۡ
Ȼô˵ɹʵǲôĵġ
˵Ҫľ֮ǰսƻ𸴵ļƻɵȲӺ˶ԺҶ֡
һڼ䣬ľǼһǰĽֱӰӺ˵ľӴô죿ҪؿŶԷ
ʼ˰ľǽǡ
˵Ҫʹ͵Ļװ̩Բã¹ʲǺ£ƵĻû취սҪϵط
ΪɹĵңıȱȫƻϮڡľȷյ¹ʵı棬Ϊڱº֣Ȼһֱûͼֽ͹ڡ
ľɶòɿ˫Ųɣ¹ǶԷȣûϵ
һֱһֱţʱڲ֪£һ֧ͣڿ󱱴͵ıǲӣ˽Ų
Ҷոսʼˡ


192 
£ǺҶʱڡ̲ĺӳؼ䣬ͬһ龧Ө͸ıʯ
ȻפںҶϵļӶȴȫ֪СԶ¡¡ض֮ƺʲôӴľѸٱƽС
ǲϸ롣
ǶԶԶ󱱴͵¡¡ԼĻǡ
Ǿ˵еĩУؼΨлȼգû룬Ҳ޴ӡ
ǴӺ𣿡
һǹսԲصĿͣ૵˵
ˣǲǾͿԻؼˣ
ȻͰһޡ
Ŀ
Сѹ˭ӱ
ЩӺˣǰôʰӺ˵ǶЩûʲôµģ
û˽Ӳ硣
⻰˵̫ƫģǰЩӺ˵ľҲǷֻĻ̫üӶлѹƵƶѡ
ڣûˣӺõĲǳ¾ɵĵϻ北ǿԶǹеİͻڶ
˵Щ콵һĻ𵯣ֱجΡ
֮˭Ҳˣ
ǹǹ˵һһɨ
ܣ͵ش
ֻû˵꣬ߺȻֵƳӵƽϳ˳
޴Լ˸ߣײһнżӶŵפֱ
ϣһȺ˾ѻȸ
ֱܾԺ󣬲˵һ
񰡣ʲô

ŭš
Ǹʿõ󹫵ѫŵĹ
ϾְŬʿҳϣֻŶµڲҲҧսǹ
ΪΰĴ󹫸£Ϊϣǵˣ
ŭоѪҺһȼգ
鵽һλֵ𾴵Ķʲôζˡ
Ĵеҳս̣ߵľֳһڰ
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199 
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200 
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ǮϿĦȭơ
󹤷ؾõĺôǮڶڹҵѡַҲԼһ뷨
󹤷ӽ֮һֱɱԺҪйǹеúãܸش˰գӱ롣ǮûǮûǮĵطصĿ̣ͷլӣ٣ܱԽԽá
ۣѾںϪͩѾµõ֤ˡ
ֻǳ˿ԽĹҵ̻󶼶ѡַԼҪ󣬲ȫӿİš
̻ϲѡڽƵ򣬿ҪԵźʵͨĹǲսġ
ֻܿԽߡǮصĸα۱Ƚɡ
ȼ
ǮϿ°͡
ʵкüѡȽεļƻرᵽҪƽĵΪ鳵Կڵɽȱųѡ
Ǿֻܷںˡ
ǮϿڿͼȦһ
֮ǰιҵŮųƿأμҵ͸ýҪְλμҼιҵצѳ֣ʱʵһ
ںȻȹˣɱϾǱμ˻˶꣬ǾöȲϿطλӶϣƽ̹꣬غɽΪϣһ硣طʲʺֲھ󲿷ֶƶӵʩ˷ϲҲ⣬Ժܶ˶ȥĴѰơ
ˣԽػιҾӪ꣬ȻѾ̨µӰ컹ûȫɢɾһз紵ݶҸȼ
Ҳ˵˸Ҵιҵ췴ֻӹòỳ֮ǰ٣ǮϿ˵ɲǼ¡
취úתȽŵȼһɡ
ȼϵش󣬿Ҫ亣ػ
ȽɵĹûв׬ǮģȼĴںķܿ񶫺ҩͷÿԣ
ҪǮ˭ŸˣȻǺúùӡ
һ򰲶ˣǮˣ㹻ظȽɽ쳡ƽԳͩͺϪһΪ¹֮أ
ԽԽǮ̲סٺٺٵĵЦԼ˼ܵĿء
ǮϿȴ֪ΪѾһнĿأǰ޾׵ľӪţ
Ƚ㹻ķչռ䣬úȼΪҵչʷһ˭ҲԽȥķᱮ丽ĺԳ״磬Ϊպȫ׷Ķ֮һ
ҲΪȼĺٷչԽ˿ĳΪ֪ȵĵرꡣİİնǮϿж£ԷǮڳĽһǮϿԲݺﻹ˸۱衣ĽǮصĴԸ㣬ö֮ȻΪº;Ӫɡ
ڣɡǮӻԶûﵽĳ̶ȣΪͶȼߡ
ʵΪһأǮϿȫҪ̶ȣ˭һȺ׵İְֵأζξֽĵȨĺճΰҪǮϿġӪҩרŵϽٸǮϿֻҪڲ鿴ӪһĿҪΪծȯＯӴʽѾע磬ҿõĸԨܾΪӪͶʵĶǽĿǰصĿڻͼӹδı׿ݻǮӻʲôòĵأ
ģеס
ǮϿȽʵ̫ģҲȽҪȼǸʲôҪ˵ȷǼһΣǻԷСʵ䣬ȽɸǸģСֱ֣ײǮص
Ҫ⡭
ǮϿ°͡
ɲ˵ũ
ũϾģڳܵһ˵ȼũϣӺжٰõũɲǸ׬Ǯ
ǮϿﻹʮίȰȽţȽɺû˼ָչʾĴ
ǮϿһˡ
⵹ܵñũ죬ֱײʺݳ￪ĴҪ౿ؾж౿أû̥á
ȻͿֳԣȽСҳɵͬ嵽˿һֻ
ֻǮӸҳɵĹ۸ȫͬ;ӵһڱȼܣһ㶼ȫԲͻᷭ
Ϊʲô֪ǡȻǿصѪᾭ顣
ǮϿҲΪһӢˬӣ
ʵʵĽˤ߻أ˺üĹ̡
ʮּͬξӢˣϳԼˮƽУֳֻıͰȫ˵£˵ֳʵãĹޡ
ȽԭҲ׼ֵİ汾ֳٶȺ
Ͼֳϯúͳ϶ɳƣֳĿһڴ
ȻǮҪȽȻῼ
û뵽Ǯصƽ֮Ҳʶ˶Ͱ׷̼ƽȡ׼ʻֳӦ㷶Ʒࡣ
СѼԺȽһҳɹͨ˲ԣͶ
죬ǵһֳװϵӣȽһԹԺ󣬱㰴֮ǰļƻֳ͵ʹС
Ҫ̫ءɡǮءѧԺλĴʦȻҲһֻҪ¸ѵ
ǮصĳȽ׼ͣһΪǮϿڶҲилǮش֧㹤ҵ˼
Ͼ𲽵ʱҪǮϿһǮͺúǵ찱ҲûôѸٽɡ
ֻǮصҹͬϲԲ̬ξˣȻɫҪϣˢɻͭɫǡ
Ƚػʵǿ˽ϵѼѼֲҸһģͨһѡͭɫ
Ͳܸı䣬Ϊұģ߶ǶƵģײ޸졣
ǻͭɫǿ㡣
ʵϣھһϵѼѼǼҸɫΪʵǮصԸȽصظ᷻ɫͭᡣ֮ЧȻһɢŽǮϢʮۡ
ڣǮţһ·ӿξ˿ظ;˵Χۡ
統ͷڡǮϣֱҪϹһ·˵Ĺۡ
⡭⵽Ǹɶ⣿


201 
һĸҡʲôоݳľܻش
һȫĿǮصĳӿξһ·˿ظڳϵⷴͭǮһɫ󣬾ô˵أʵеۣ벻ע⵽ѡ
Ҳ֪ǰضƵרͺͳһе㲻һʲôطһҲ˵壬ǳز¯ʱúտ¯һ˲žߣߵûͦ졣
ظһҳׯϰһ˵
һʼش˺Ҳ̫ãۡǳܵÿɿˣҿҲǱ࣬תҲ
شѧԼÿγжῪǮԶܿõ̾ڿظб棬ٵһȣ˵ܿسء
˵ţĽ·ϺȻɧֻ̲ܳׯϰ߸ü
͹治˵˴˾ˡ
˵ţĿָָſڡ
ûҲȥƸ֣ǶԼȼ˵ΪƷͽ˹أ¶һݵĶ
ʵǹƷȽֻǸϺ̫һ̨
̨ѼѼ̫ҲǶơİոԸ˵ɹƷԹֻбѡĶ뾩ΪƷشƫԶ滷ǰͺӲûʲôõóֵĹȼ빬У˵º̫ʮֻϲǲΪԼҵɡ
ѽǳѽ
Χ˶ʢ֮һĿسĿ߻˳ׯδظϰ۾ĵá
Ǯ˲ǮһĳͭǮɫܲƣ
˵ǮذϲͭǮɫĳӦϲԴ˵ġ
ҿ⳵ͦģԼˣҪҲܿһմմ˾ͺˡ
ǮȺȵ𣬴Ҷ֪ԭֻǸп̻һԾΪӺȨƵĿ֮һ̫ܵĳޣɹĻͥ
Ǯ˾̽翬ģ
̻ĽǮؾһһ˹עλģ£̨ͭǮֱе
Щ·ǧټƴ˺ȼתȽűҪͬԸ
ǺȼյĵһƵʱȽʮ־ȣû뵽ǮǹȻ˵Ĺ
ɿرϾǿǮϿﲻܺͽϿͬѼѼһ̻ͨҲصͬػҪġ
ĿǰȼĲͳֻкɫһ֣γȴ󷽣͸λ˺õҲͬͬɫֻϸڴһ֣֤ݵĶء
ֳǼࡣ
ȽСŵ׻˺ѰɵԸҪɫ
ȻҲֻǺɫɫ֣ɫ˴ͳĶգͲͳײ˴ȿԷֹʴܴﵽҳɡ̤ѩҪ
յүϲ񣬵ںҶߵĿҰ˸񫡣
쿪ʼפҶľʱʱܿһ̤ѩ۵糸ĹιջĽʺ޵Ŀ⡣
ҲǴʱ𣬺ܶ˲֪ȷӪһġФͷȻǱ׿ΨһĶӡ
үǳûҲǴʬɽѪԼɱģڶսŵǳսӪȫˡĴǿȻĵ߸ػֺ˾Ǹ˵ıˣû˲
񱱿ĺڻͼӹѾʼͣȻ۸ɲˣҲ֮ǰ߼۴Ӻݹúʵ࣬ʱõ򲻵
µϢǳ͢ѡںҶԱҲ˺ڻ͵磬Ӻ»衣˭Ҳû뵽ıȻһ鰵زƸıءΪƭأȷǴޣ
ڵѾջˣƭصҲûк³ʱ亣ҵĺܣ˵յһұɱͷ
ӦǱӦ
ǵһ¥Уߡ
ѱӦˬͷٽƭ֮£Ҫģ
⼸˶ǳĸӣ˵ѧɣҲʵûʲôīˮ仰˵߰㡣
ܿ컰תȼƳȼ˾񣬷׷ױԼֳĴѡ
˵ŵĻ˭·ܸ㵽һֳͨɫҲҪһ޿ξͬĴǾ͸ˣܱΪҫ۵Ĵڣ
޿ξֳ֮ȳҪΪձһƬ
ƬǼٹ¶Ķξųһɫϡ
üĿĿעžͷ͸ͼƬɱӵĴɲѺãʵڳÿʣխֱüĳչֵ쾡£ȻӢ嵭еӣ˾˵ķ֮
ڱֽˣӡ˺üζСӶűͯ뷽跨ĸ㵽һڣؼȥղء
Ȼ˵ֻŮҲƽֽһɾǵУСɾ
СǿǴ޴ξСɾǿǴ޴ξµ
ʮӲʣ˹ҵᣬɫҲǱѹֵĴɫ޴ξá
ݵ붫ԵҲ֪˳ȫ˳ǳˣĳȱƬӰʦ嵽þöز
޴ξҲ˵ʵ̫ƯƯһֺŵƣ
챻Ͳİ֣ÿϸڶ͸µһζ
ӰʦֱƬҲûõĶȥ
СɾǿʼħԼϵģ᲻Ҳ޴ξһˣߴӢ䣡
˾ȻϾԴӳɣİС̬Ҳƽţ˵ЩԾĿ׳ˡ
ˣ˭ûежأǶֱ䵫кͱĸ˲ͲȫСɾǵķġ
ǰƬ޷ǽϣҫĿչʾصͬɿȾҰԭٶȫڼΪ˵ӵܶΪ½԰Ρ跹˼
ڶԱŶ̧ͦͷΪϼҵĺȼҲǴӺΨһһܹȼĵط
ҲΨһһŶ˵ںĳ¸ȥеһ˵Ǻݶϡ
ȻûͼƬϵ˺ͳֻڶܼԽҲ㹻ͬĽĿˡ
ٺ٣ϼ


202 
ǮϿݳпǮҡУȻϢͨ˴̽ѯʱܹעֳ׺ʱܹ
ȫӺʱɾһ˻ݡձϵͼƬ˴޴ξǼȻû˼ҳû˼ϸⶼΪûԵʣֻҪ˶ǿխȣ
˵θڣĺ˸߼ͣĸص㳲ڶܣִ̽·
ǮϿﻹյصͬдѯʺҪΪԤ̫𱬣ɷƭıøعù
ٺٺ١
ǮӾԼĵڶѾʵˡؿصĽ鶼õĺܣǰĶǮͷ⡣ߣǮػǼƽϣ
ҵĹлҪӦڡձʾԼһº󣬺ȼĵһۣʱںٰչʾᣬӭݰٹۿ
ʵֳǰѾװɣȫͨ˲ԣʱԽۡ
ȻҵǮд㡣
֪ȳŰѺĹעҲǳûչĺûᡣ
ȽŽȼʱ򣬶ҲԺĵ·סլ̵ʩ˽죬Ǻͳһ滮ΪסլҵԤͨĿٵ
ȼߵĳֱùٵȥԳҪװسˣʡȼĳɱ
·ȫû
һƬĵأȻƽģҲһƬĵأԤٵʲôã
жϷԺʹͿջѲЩųǮ޷סѡסջ𣿣
ϾֻҺΪ֮ǰιҰѳ֣صĹŶٶЩǣ
ڵμҳºűɵģʱ򻹲ôԸǶĵضΣֳιҪʲôǰ̣
ΪǱ䣬û뵽ǮϿдѿȼŵ˺ʵһϲ
Ȼɻ󣬵ִʱȴûۿۡ
䴫ǮǸ·¿ûʲô·ȴȻ֮߾û
ǺڳｨͿջһϷԺҾ¥ԼΧЩ̡
ţǮǻȥˣȴ⡣
ֹϸ£ֻйӪջһҾ¥ϷԺ˵ǿӪϷӿԹ賡أķþͿԵ̨ݳ
̣Ŀǰֻǵļ̻پҩͻʳӪ棬˵Ҫȣʮ塣
Ҳ֣Ͼ֮ǰμѹեƶ񤣬ҲûжǮѻӱ㣬õộ
ûǮϿҲż
Կڳָָ㣬ӳⷽ٣˵ǽһ컨׹
˵̵̻ϴԣԼ˾۱ı߶͵űǮش÷ɻڴˡ
ͬԾͷѣ˽۵ı˵ʵôҲǰһƵطôַ֮أ㿤ҹľҲ˵ôŰɣ
Ȼףµ绹ʵʵɻģµջһ¥Ѿӽ깤ʾӶһЩƺۣвǰ
аοҲǽ˲˵ƣջ;¥ɣи繩ְľ飬ЩȥһҲЩ
ڳݱĵڣȼ˵һ
࣬ҪΪڻͼӹĲͺ͵Ĳԣѳ˳ûȼϻ޷ƹ㣬ֻܸż
Ƚƶƻʱֵ˱ڻͼӹĲһٶƿڱܡΪ˴ǮϿｨΪٰһչʾᣬ˳ȼи¡ص࣬ȽȻͬˡ
ȱ𹫲ϢٵȵȡߵĿջ;¥Ͼʹˡ
һǮԼݺ򣬺ǹױʱʱ䡣
˵ȫǱĩãԭӦĻȴһضԷ̡˭˵ûãŻܣҲϷû
³ʱ򣬻׵񶼳Թ˭ƿٶȵĸо
ӻͲͿشԶ˰ɣ
ǮϿȨ֪ѹ͵ȽССֹ
չʾϢʱѾǺЩǮСӶ¥Ϳջó
ƽأ׼Բ·ͷǸԳ˳Բ·ԡ
㣬Ҹ㵽һ࣬㲻˵·ȫӺû·ôƽ̹ܱ˾Ͳߡ
ʱסҵĿջҵľ¥Ǯ׬Բ𣿣
ȽһֱĴĴָ
ߣʵǸߣԴʹ׬ǮϣΨԪԨ֮һƴ
һߵľͲǵҵ·ӣǼ˹ҵҵֵĽ壬зֹȴָϵ໥֣ѹǮҪô̺Ϳջԭкиأ
ķչҲǮϿԤϵ۲ٿչʾϢһȫӺˡ
ǣ߳ǣȣ¡
ȥݵ𳵺ʹƱܿ㱻һգƱСɾҪô˺һҪôɴı֮ǰûĺ
̻Ҳعлʰҹ
ǿʱ׷϶ٲ˲ȱǮĸȥ֡Ǳ߸ûʲôҵȥʲôⲻɵӣ
̵ģЦļۡ
Ǯ˳ϲң˵ܳԵû뵽ﻹһ⣬ͣ
棬ѡȻǵضԽõһ̣ʱʽ򣬼۸ʮʵڡ
Ҫλյĺã˵Ǯ׬١
ȸϵȻǴ𳵵˶ǣһǾֱջסޡнҿջһڶһ򣬶羭Ӫȫбϡ
˵εչʾջԲܵϣҰõϵȷ¶̨ϱܿԳֳСɾ㶼ѡ
ҲǮϿϵһ塣
ԭ˶ΪὫݿջԽλãԳԲܵʵ˷ѽ⡣
Ժ϶Щ
Ǯؼѵرֻ֣һĪ⡣
ģΪĲôмأԺ˵ǻ˵ϡ
仰Ҳ¼ںйǮϿĸ󴫼УΪӪ鶨ľ䡣
⻰ҲֻȼλڣҲúдռǵϰߣȥΪش˽յĺдԼռ²ۣ
ڣ仯ѾϣŶĺӭɣʱ׼޵ǳˣ


203 
չʾǰգδй֡
ȻֵĻǶǣϾＯ̺Ϳջ󲿷ֽ˶ѡס
̶̼죬ǵ̾ͱ˸ɾԭյмʼƮ˼̻
ظԼʮԻ֪ҶǱչʾȶȣҶޡ
ȻڵԼȳڵ϶ҪһЩ̻ǻֵߵߵؽǮϾһոµĵݹԼʹãøĳɱ˴Ҷù
û뵽⺣ǻֵͦġ
ڽƳһ۶ǵļУһΪĳأ
˾ǣڹĶǻĳǣ
ԵĸЦعά
ڽǾĸӣڳ٣ĸ׳ȳǴ֮ңȵĴɣֻǵӡڽӵҲƣΪӼжҲûʲôҪֻҪͱǻˡ
ڽȻǸƵصӵܣӲаŮҲΥ£ڽĺܣǻζźӵͷŲɵأ
ⲻ˵ڽһĦȭƣ׼һؾҡ
˵ǻûȼȥǵĶֳڽҲšձԼҲͦȻƮݡ
ȼôͲ֪أ
磡ôӺڸǲʲôɳƽзöࣿ
һĲ㿪ɲͱˣ
ԹԹڽҲûļǺ޺ȼϾǮÿ͵͵˽㹻Ƶأһı治м̰ⲻڹӵ棡
µǮ򲻵
ⲻΪǰӸȥ˾ׯӣڹյϢʱ򣬾չʾֻʣ3졣
ǮڽȻ̶ǰǣ˾ˣĿջѾԱסֻȥ
طҲ̫˰ɣ
СԹ
ȻǻסڴϣҿƵط
ǸڽʲôʱһƬɫĿճֻйһջںȦϣ˵·̵ͦƽģɼû羰Ҳûǲϡϡ˼ˣֱ֪ν
Ƕסǣ˵ǶǮӱﻻϵȷĸֱûۿ
ֵܻ˵ҲջĶȥ򣬴ߵķҪǱ˰ɣ˿϶ûû
Ҫ֪ҲȥֵܼԺ²ҪСѹһͷ
ֹ߶߶ڽķ
һ߷һʯӣתͷŸࡣ
ס͹ԼҴؾǣ
౻㶣⡣
ǰ֣ҡ
ʲôңססˣ
ڽбۿ
Ҿסˣסĵطû˵ģ㲻סߣ˭ѹ˭
಻˵ˡ
ܸ˭Ȼֻү
үӲǮϿǣҪǻ˱ˣҲûôײԲȡ
һ˱Ŀջ
˿ջڽ۾ֱˡԭڿջþͰڷһͨӨף΢
ԭһʯ
ڽԸʧ²ǰȥʯ
ռ۵ĺֳ˫׶ȼȼͣ%#%&amp;%#
ӭ˵˺ö࣬ڽȴû
ʲôʲô֪ͣǰֳձһҰɫĳҲ磡
Բ
ʻơ
Ѿǰס޵Ŀʵˣȡ˼
͹⻤״ϡ

ڽˡ
զʯ񻹵ôأֲȥǰߡ
ȼҪ˵ԺҪĿ͹ٶôףȻвˡ
⻰˵ģôֵܾвˣ
ҵ;Żֺ˵
ҿĴ޴ξҲûʲôôǳǺ͵ģƲզģ
ǲǡ
Ц
޴ǲû˵淢ǻҪģ˼ҳĹأҲû취
ڽҲˣôڸơ
ɲǻϰߣﲻǾǣǶĵ̡Ӿ˵ԲǳȻںֻǸأҪ뾩ûҪΪһССĻڱ˵ĵ¡
ڽش˻ס

һ壬Ȼſʯ
ʯǵȱʵģڽԼһӾˣǰŤ
͹٣Сĸһ¼ʻ
Ƚŵ⡣
صضһʯݿջлƸǰι۵˽÷
϶в򣬵Ҳô׼ԦģϾ˶߰ɡǰѵüʻһȥ¹ʣǾͲˡ
ƵĽȤڽ棬˼ᶨˡ
ڼڴչʾᣬַһ̨ڹĵϷɱܻ˵ġһĸо
ȻסҲ
չʾ᳡վ¶̨ϾͿԸķˣҰ϶öˡ
һҹ޻ڶһ磬ڽǱȼĺѵġ
һµӴŽų嵽¶̨ϳֻɫԲγУһͬǺɫһι¥£ϵʿһɫߣתʱ΢̬࣬ʮ䡣
ม
ڽĺˡ
Բۼ֤£ĻҪɰ
̰ض·صʿ˾Բǵһﳵת䡪١٣еĶˮٶҲԽԽ죬ڽҪĽ࣡
ѪҺڷڣڼ٣ߵĺؿڵͬƵ
ĨɫӰӷ·ɱÿһȦѹ̼궯
ڽֽűȴͣ޼ɵĴָоȻֻһ˲߾Ѿ˴˷ĺȡ
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ÿ죡
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⣬ٶ𣡣
ֱʿʧȦУһ΢۵סͻþòԸɢȥ
ڽͣػζŸղʿĶʶɿֽգĥŶԷļʻɡ
ˡˡ
ٵڽͷشţָվſڣһ˷ܵس졣
磡㿴û
һˣ˵ȼҵĸ磬ҵĸԳȻչʾҲ˵ĳˣ
˵ҪҪ˽ٸǿһȦ
û˵꣬ͱڽһƶס졣
˵ʲôأ
ڽüͷ塣
֪ȼĶ˭ǿȽɣȽɻŵֻһ磬Ƕξ㿪һȦԴģ
ࣺ


204 
ڽĸû˵ٻԳ˻Ƕҵĸ硣
ֻǶҵĸԴḻְξ磬ƹı磬ԼŤ˹չϵӵʦѧǶ
ڳ쭳ȻöξǺþòıԨ
Ԩʱ䶼Ϊˡӹ鱼æ׹̸һ䣬ܲĸԼ˸٣ű͵ضϼ˳ѲԼҲҵ
Ԫع飬˵ĪȽСš˱ڻͼӹϢ¹ȼû˱ȽŸġ
ͺѾܹȶĿǰȹӦפںҶʹá
˵ȼĴںҶսбֵķǳɫֶһ׼뵺ϵľڼӽʱ
ȻӪղ㵽ԼͷϣϢȽŻǺ˷ܡ
̫ˣĴɹͨϿỷĿ飬Ϊһȼֵ
ûأļλͷ㿪ʼҪڻˡ
ԨЦ˵
ǰʱлʦȷȶ䷽˵ṩķǺܴУͻĸغͻһĴǲ֮ǰǸ͵İ汾ԺӦҲ
Ƚŵ˵ͷ
ͼֽһ̣ĴûйϵˣκҲ֣ĴɱеȫȨǴӺ߻ܡ
ĴԽԽá
һ죬ҲܿСͳǸʻĴ֮ǹ򣬸͵ķ߾Ǽ᲻ɴݵıϣ˼˳ڹ֮⡣
ԨȻҲ뵽һֵ¶ĵЦݡ
ڵǡ
Ԩɤӡ
̫ˡ
ҪӦĴĿǰĲܻǺܽŵġΪûиӦóԻ˺ܴһֿ档
һǱߵ˼Ҳ㣬˵ͻѾˡԤʲôʱУ
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ȻΪ쳵ʱûҵȶͷ⼸ʹõĶǲ͡Ӧյͳ뵽˼ӹͣøԨΪѯ
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ȻϺ̫ûҪ󣬵ΪӺˣλӦõĹǰ˱º̫ͳűһͳͳڲͳĵطͳͳװ׷ˡ
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ͻṹ򵥣ֱӵܺתӵֱӣ˵ǸСĺ͸ĹҲ𻵡
ҲûкôͻƽȣҲȲͻСǲҪĳʹȫûġ
͵ԣ޷ҵҪΪǿͳΪƷġϾôܾܲӵɣ˷Ѱ
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Ԩ˵ͷ
Ǿʹ͵ֳɣʲôҪҡ
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ȽСŵͷ״Ʋ˼ʵռ˱ԡ
ʵֵͳѾˣҲ
Ԩ
ȽţԼһ֮ǰǵֲͳͬٶȿԸ졣
Ԩ
Ƚţ׼ͳҪȽʹãҾȰѱѺͳˣȻͳΪֵģԶԾҲý
Ƚţ˵ʵֳȲֳܸãٶȸ졣ͻʺֳ̫ˣתޣѱƽ⡣
˵ȽСŻ̾˿
ԪԹ⳵ôûԵĻǱˣ⳵ǸӻʵʵıȲ֡ҺͰֲȻӦѾ¹˰ɡ
Ԩ͸ǵǲдƷ
ȻԵܵܵĳܲΪ֪ȽСžǸС쵰Ը߱Ҳû̫Թ
͡ϰʲôģС쵰Σա
Ȼкܴһ֣ΪС쵰ӦµֳǮ½ܵԳֳַԽܣǱڽһĻ
ԨԳĹȫҲչʾ϶塣
סջеСɾǲĸ˷Ź۳飬ɳ۵ĳ˵ĻɫĿ˴ض㡣
ôû뵽أ˼򽨿ջûԭѽ
ǶǮ˵ĵ̶Ǯܸô׵¶𣿣ȻһĴѽ
֮չʾȽԤеҡһȫ⣬Ϊչʾĸӷ˻һʱļʻѵҪβάԼһЩʹúͱע
ڼ䣬һʹ೵ϰѵڼס޷ȫ⣬ԷҪǮġ˸ںСǮҶںȼĳⶼǳ⡣ʶԳԱǸ߳ļʻ˭һ۳ң
ŰҪúüԦҲǼ׵¡ڽᵽߵĺô޷ƽˤڵصʱ򣬻߱סҪܵصĴˡ
һһʧܣڽѪԡ
ǺŽ׳˷ѾĻҲĶֿɵãԶԴܶ¶һν̬ȡƫƫϲϲһ˼ĺ롢ħζμԼǸʿһ·ϲ໬ת䣬ԼܰԼЦѡ
õģʵȴепᡣ
һڲμӽѧУڽǽġˤӣΪ޷Ʒȫ٣ˤǰָҪʹ죬ȴĸԼҩư˿ڣһʹ
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ĳѹʵ
ڼҵϴ󣬳ѳɼҵ볯Ϊ٣׵ܱԼҶһݡ
ڴҲ֪ӵ飬ҡҡͷ
˵ʱٰ˾ǻҲûˣȥ˰ɡ
ֻǴ֪֪ɣǧ֪Ȼ۶ҪŰ˴Ҫ;ˡ
ѵܵܶһģĥĥ˵ͳˣ


205 
ǸԨġ
үԴӳͻĺôͺ޲ԲԱ߸һԺ
ȱ±ܸȱݵĲ˻ˣǿҪ˱ܵԻο塱ʵˬò졣
С쵰ṩѶϢ֮ǰͳȥֳӻڵȼ汾Զ
Ȳᣬ˵ҳɵڱĴûǰʱԨڱලڻͼӹĽҲûүƥ̤ѩĴԣɵӻ֪ԼİǸ覴Ʒɡ
٣ٺ٣ٺٺ١
Ԩ°ͣĬĬһ⡣
ͲòôպұҲոտۡ⣬ٶȿ칻̼ȴʺͨˣӺĳҲûôƽ·쭳ǸǮ˵
ȱ±˵׼̫࣬ΪʱҲʹõĵطδԲȼΪֻһ
ʲôͣڲĻزҪǮ𣿣ĵĳɱԭϲǮô
ȽС覴ƷŪΪȻɶ񣬵ҲܿȼǮ׬ĵȻܷŹ
뵽һ취ǾǾӰ׬ǮкܶôսƱ
֮ǰԳʱ뵽ģںԲϷɳ۵ʱ򣬶߳˺ХķԱ߿ջĻ
ջǰźԲϽģסվ¶̨Ͼܿڵľⲻǹ̨һĴô
ӺҲб֮ģÿ궼ɹ̶ʱ͵ص㣬׷ӵ
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Դ̼Ϊ׷ĸ߱ʴʣȽСȴĻǡ
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ۿűҪըëԨЦ⣬תο
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Ҫʱ䣬ǾͶѵЩάĻʦԸԼҲУֻܴ䣬϶ǲġ
һᵽ֣ȽСŶʱˡ
϶ͬﳵɽ붼룬ᶼᣬȻԻᱻúýѵ
֮ǰѵȽСںܹԣŲӺ˺óһҩŻ賧Ļᡣ
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ȼո˼ȼѧûǮҪץסΪһȼĻʦԺķͲˣ
˲ȽԷſ˹ģĶԲμӡ
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ţڽ·ȻҵĿ꣬˸ɾԼⱲӶûÿһ춼÷æµ
ϰѧϰҪѰʺϵ齨ӡоսµĸĿڽÿһ춼ӽųʵ
ææȴۼűھеʱҪ׳üҲ档
Ҫ֪үǰھնҪȾƵģȵ̧ؼңүΪ²֪ٻء
ڵشƫƧ˿ջ೵ֻмʳ䣬ƹǿ϶ûеģΪʿơԭһ첻ȾץӸεүһһ¶ξƲմԼȻҲû졣
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ڼҵаͷдеżػ㱨һүճүͷ˿˿϶ˡ
ӾæµһĹȥܿٽ˵һʱ䡣
Լǰ˲ͣǶ⣬׼Ա֮ǰ֣̼ҶʱеĻƷ
˵֮ǰչʾǴӺٲ˵ڲôεѾʱķݱȫ񻶣в˶У׼Χ۴˵пúͳĴӺ
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ٵģҺ˽ӺˣֵУΪϧ˵ѡ
ӵ첻óģΪǵѪʵĶǸӵпѧӵйҵ


206 
ʹõе˵⻰ʱҲûˣӺҲ߹еǵҲ֪
νȼͷˡӺó͵Ա˵ļ㿴ЩںɻӺˣԲͻᱻ͵ĳɹǸС͵񡭡
Ļû˵꣬͵رһѣˤʺ
ܳʲôƨѬˣ
ŭɶΧʹӷʱ϶͵תͷֻԶվһߵʮֽʵˣһصָıӡ
Ѹղŵƨٷһ飿
⻰е˵ģȻ׼ѿڶټΪʹõĻ׹ϲΪڻȻȥ޵ġ
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Щǹңǵļѧ𣿡
ȡ
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ʲôǴģԼоģ
ֹӺԱӴļֻǵ۵͹׹ûʵ˵ǡ˵ú㵱ǲ֪ôҵ𣿼Ӱͺͼķԭסϰȴ˼֣һ°ӵǿ
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İǸٹ̵ģ;ú߹͸һȡ
ʳƷȱʲôġֻսɵĶѡеôຣֲ԰ЩཻЩʳ͵ˣֻĹߣþУòŶ̫ã
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ԼֲԤУΪЩģӵһúͳ˾Ҳǲ־ֳǵúͻߴ硣
ңҲһͳŴ䶯ĻӵкܸߵתһúͳҲ
⵽ʲôأ
ţֻһǹ죬ڵձ˲
ɫƸ֮һ˳ȥٶȿͬƽɣܿ͵˵һǡ
ɣɫ3ţɣ
ѽɫ1ŷɳȥˣû°ɣ
6壡תİ취̫ʡʱ䣬һӾ͵һˣ
ΧĴӺ˶˿ȣ㵸Һеĸɴ󺰣ҵһȼ
ȺУΨڵأ䣬ãȻ·Ĵ
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ϵβѾȫ亹͸ˣҲһ˲£Ȼʶһµʵ
Ӻ˱˾õĶǵȼԺúͻһӦȫͬļ¶ڣȻԷĸƽȣ
ǳзĻûȰǮջѾԽˡ
ôܣ


207 
Щӵ˾Ȼȼ
òǺúͻʹõǲͬļ·ߣ
֪һԺб֮ȥĶͷ亹ֹסôͣ
Ϊ죬̫ζʲôˣ
һӺԼúͻڱúͳô˾ĲƷ͵ʧȥͳελɶһ޶ѡ֮һΪѡƷ
ɲΣѾ֤ʵ
Ȼ˵Ӻӵˡǲʵ˭ʵģӺŬѧֻǳڱѹƣûҵȷķѡ
һ̤ȷĵ·ôһ׷Ϻ;ٲɱ⡣ҲΪʲôݵ͹ǶղؽֹӺԱѧϰȡƸ͹õķʽһس붯˲˼ҲͲֱᷢѹե̰ʵ԰ȻĻΪ֯УԹԼѪͲƸ
ݵЩֲ԰ģҲͼѴӺͬģʽȻڿŬʧˡ
վǰָץϵıʯǶͷֻ۲֪ʲôʱȻѪ˿
ݺݵض̨²Ϸɳ۶̵ĿЩҰޣҪҵȱݺ׾ӣԿοԼѾ̲ġ
ȻʲôҲûп
ⳡŵĲ챻ķ紵չһһʿıӰЩзɳ۶ø׽
۾ˣ͸ɫǿ̺ȶֻ֪Щٶȷǳ죬쵽еʧҪ
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ڣûΧ˵ĻУֻһԵı
ķܹеǲǺȻ岻ʣ費Ҫǰ볡ȥҽ
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ﶼ֪Լ˵ʲôӺңЩ״ΣҪΣάԼ
֪ǣΧ˵УĿֻʵߴﹾ߶ͣԭͲҰ׵ԽûѪɫֱǷһ
ĵȻ֪Դʲô
ʵϣȻҲܾȴӺȻ˾ܵĻ̬̫࣬Ͼְʩ޸˾úͳ붫ȼҲھϵ෴ҪôǷṩԷһּӹߺͻһصĴ̻
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ҧгݣͬ˵ǳ
һúͳ˾ģҲֻúͳӺ˵úͳ϶͵ǵģҼǵǹ˾ֳļƻ
ۡ
̲סЦˡ
úͺܶҶ죬ֵúͳû˵ٰⳡ˶˴Ӻ˵״ҲΪˡ
⻰ղŵġۡ˵ʲôԼûΪ͵ֻʵ̫ûзȣŶò˼
Ŷеĺû˾ģûбǾǱ͵ǵģ⻰˵Ҳ̫Ҫˣ
ⲻϺ˵ʿƷ
Ϊֹ˶Ϊյú͡
ϾͲȶǳģݵͳڼӹڻ͵ĹУĲֶǵյڴ֮ǰûпӦõĳһֱΪġҵ
ﻹǱģǸ벻ǰЩ˾޵ȼʵľȻƲϵĹҵΪúͻĻⷴᡣ
ԱߵרĿЩߴﹾೳһŵᣬ̲סǺüۡ
ԤѾе˵߳ӽβµĻҩ̶ȴ˿ûнͣһĽ𣬶ŷΧԽŨ
ѾȫͶĹǳȤܿ㱻ֳĴ̼ʹг׷ѡԼֵ֧ĶҡźֻԼϳ档
Ӯ˸ƴЦ˴ض㡣ͬж֣ǾٱⷢһЩСĦЩùĳֱǣó
Ȼûз¹ʰɣȻһģĳЩ޹ǣʿ³˲䶼˫ӵս
ڽĳӱֵһ飬ϳҲΨһлɱĿ
ڽԴ˷ǳӣÿ춼ԲϷѾȸʱ࣬ﳵƽˤֻվǸʿһת䣬ʮضҪ
ڽԼʵҲҶСϾԼյҲǺʵױص
׻ǵ͹ֳնֵӰ졣ȫڵĻУǸеʤᱻȼĻܵʲôײף
ǰȦٶȼ¼һһαˢ£ʿֱըͷ侲侲ģ
ڽеѹˡ
ȺѶ֪ǵһңҲ֪齨˳ӣһֱڶѧϰû֪Ϊֲø˶Ŭ˰̻ƾеĻᡣ
ǰ漸飬֮ǰĶ飬ٶȴԤԭƻر9ǲܽġ
̨ϹʨѾʼˣڽҧҧƴˣ
һ£Ħгͷһ˳ȥ
ò˵ڽֱټɻǲģⲻܳףͳ嵽ǰ档
ڽԼ״̬£û˳𲽣ԽĴ
ܿ˵һڵڶ͵ȵ֣˵ļǳֵֺˣ̶ʱͿģ
ǳȥ
ֻȼĺһ̵ڽԼ·Ϊһ壬ޱչֳǰ·ߡ
ȶĺͷעⱣƽ⡣
١١
ƽ⣡ƽ⣡ƽ⣡
ѹļյøոպãٶһ־Ҫ
ڽҧء
һ˳죬δκŬעѪĶζҪɡ
ססס
Լ￿ڽҧأƴϳ̵ȵƮһ
̧ӭģɽХһĻ
á
̫ˣ
Ǹͷ3ţ̫ˣתһ㶼٣
̨ϵڴʪۿƽһγΪСܽĸо
סѹؼʱ̳侲ס
ͷ׵˵
СĽˣ
ϵ˵ͷ
ţǲû׹Ǽҵ硣
ҿ治ȻȥʣҲһ̨ؾҿϳҲͦġ
ڴ磺


208 
ҪҪţ򲻵ţƯ
ӲܵԼϵζȷûţʺζŰ
ϵȺţëˡ
ڸߵʱܿģŷ紵ݵͼţ˭֪һȺţ˴ǳѣܵöһͷһͷʺ򣬸ôζˡ
һ죬ܲˣĥŲȻһ̸һЩЩʵĸߵζۣûҡ
ҲЩȥţⶫǻÿҪԲҪˮܻţӣ߲Ǿȫûһͷȥˡ
˵Щţ˷ڣԱŭĿֻܣǰѱ˴Ѫ죬ҲǷ˺ôŰͷ
⻹أҪǻţ
붼롣
磬취
һ
һһůЩţҲԽԽ꣬ҶЩ˵С򡣡
ͷµļǱҹصײȥˣǱߺú÷ʡƢǲãҸղȥʱУŽ̲ģ
߶߶챻ͷµļˣ۸ʵ
ԼȱһЩ׳һЩͷϵĽǼһЩ𣡣ôͷǵĴ£Ҫʵа壬ӿڵĵƦʲô
ǰܹ۸Զǿ¸Уһ۾Ϳֻ˳ۡ
͵͵˸ĴºţԻ˽̣ѻص˻յ׵һҽա

򲻶еô˻ǿˡ
˰ǣһƣ
취Ȼôţ¸ֲӺҪ¡
ǰ˵ĶǼ۸߻ռϣû˹֮ǰдˣʵڲǾһۿһЩǿ׳ڵĻȥ֡
ͷ
ʱҲֻˡ
һۿڻĴֻ̣ҪŵӦûס
õǼ򵥣ȴпʵݺݴһ⡣
еĵڶգֻٶȷ˲һֻһֻĳӶѪһأȺҲɧ
죬һͷСţڴϱ̤յ󺣣ĸţĸţĽʹţ꣬һ·Ĵֱײɣûˡ
ؽյţԽԽ࣬õȽϴӵĻǰĶĲƥΪ˷С䣬ڰµţŽȥҲల¡
ֻһϵ๤һࡣ
ÿ춼ҪţͲϡιˮɨ㣬Լ˶Ҫţζ͸ˡ
û뵽ԼһҩȻǰһţĽлȥģҲǰһĻơ
һ졭һ졭
૵߶Ȼرһɲȥ²ֵţᡣ
·˸ˮĽֶֻˮͰһ˼
磬ôˣ
ʵ
ҡҡͷֵ˵ͷȻˮͰһİơ
С񰡣զӲأ
װϵţ˲״ǲǾ͸Ƿֿ͵ĲҡҸղصع۲ˣ⴬ĲûһҲаʮȻ󣬵㹻Ƕ˵ֻԵúúȵĺãûҲˣⲻʹﵽĿ𣿡
ʣЩɵľͷڼװ壬˸ۿǶһդԺդդǸǲܰǶ˻شӺ𣿣
˵ӻͲ
ʵҲԸЩţ뷽跨ӸߵģΪľǰõִ
滮еѾ׼ˣھ͵ţȥҪһжֻһֻǲǶԪ
У磬Ǹɰɣ
սȭͷ
Ƕɨţᣬ༸ιˮĻ𣿴Ǿ㣬ҿ˺ţƷøߴҪôţҲˣ
ҴԪµĻ鶨׼˵һβҪڵضһդϲۡ
ϲۻǳģ汲ӪУҲĸʶվṩнϢĵط۸ˣªΨвϺǱرģˮһס
վĸʪϲۻͣĸۿҵصľơ
ҲʲôӵĶԪļǮʮľʮӣȫһɻ
˶ˮƽݬ룬ڸʪϲҲҪϸҲ첻ʱ䣬ȫϲ۾Ͷˡ
˵ˮͲϣ·
ϲۣţ±˳ࡣ
֮ոһյͶżҲһЩͻ״һֻĸţ˽ţһμţ顣;Ȼֺ壬ʱҲæµзٵš
һգͷ߶ˣѾ˴Ӻĺ
ڿʼҶô߿Ҷ˵ʱڰϮ̴
ϰͷһࡣ
ҪڿȻᱻڻǡ
û˵꣬ͱtִˡ
ͷͷ
ͷüͷ壬ΪǷʲôһӡ
뿪װ壬ţȦãе飡
ͳǾԶˣڱҲš
ҪţȥҪľӣľӵ뺣ھ뱱ԶҶԶĺҤƲΣŦҲ̴׳µĵط
ϰͷԱһӦ˻Ǻ˵ϮһӽС
ǣǣǵ飡
Աϴt̨ˤҿץסס塣
Ʋס
ҿǵˣǵ죬ǵ찡
һɤӺ˶סˣȥʻյĺͷͣס˽Ųһʱ֮䣬װϵ˶ͬʯһ֪ηӦ
㡫
װĽͬħ˲˶ʻ
ҵĵһӦtϳ壬ϳصĺͷһȺ˼һխխݿ濴ʮֻ
ģǵӣ
죬ԱԶĿ˵
кö࣬ϵǣһ˱ľװǳ͢ո𣿣
żص
Ҳ
tֻܳһˣҪ£֮£ǰһӡ
Ҳ֮¡
һһϲtԶĿۼ֤˴ӺƮڱϣȻſڴ򺣰ķ
ͷҲҳ˴Ӻӣϵıˣǹ⣬ҵĻ
һͣҤɣ
ͷصҽ
Ҥ˴ӺӣڴӺأҤվһţҲ̲òͷ


209 
ԪϲȵŻͣҤۡ
Ҥһͣڴ˵̴ھؾеǴ˵ǶԪĻפڴ˵ϲȵžٰһССĻӭʽ
ǣ
פҤУξЦĽͳļ
ǵĻʺũǲڱʹũֲʳ߲ˣ
ʹ÷֮ճɳϵĺãһⶼԼֵĲˡ
дĴԱǻе£Ľ֪֮ԭȫҶѾȫջص˴ӺС
ƬϣũͻʣǨƹѾվ˽Ÿ챱Ĵ˷գɹǳϲˣ
ͳپɡ
ȣũ¶û룬ɻȴʵʵɹĻƣΪ˵¶Ҳûͷ
ڿԼΪ֮ŬĶõ˵Ĵ϶׷ֳɾ͸ǵ׬Ǯɵòġ
˵껹и˾ǨĻĵضᱻȥԺ˶ˣʳյҲ࣬Ҷöˡ
˵У˶٣ظ˼˱ؾѵֲ߲ˡ
߲˵ʽȻ࣬ҲʮּҳƷձأ֭Һ͸
Щ˶ǾԼֲġ
ڱһɱؾṩѾ𽥼˶ڱ䣬Ϊӱزɹ
ܼɱ;еģܽʳ߲۵⣬ũ˿ٻֲ
ҲũˣвյĽˣ˵ںҶ磬Ҳڴ˵ؽڻͼӹɡ
ᵽڻͼӹͳʱ˷ܡ
úͺðܵƣΪúͳȼϣǱ߶Ǿʣͨ˸򲻵ˣ
ǳǰݵʱ򣬶ҸԨѾȥ˱˵ǿʼｨӺĵһڻͼӹ
ǿ˵һʢصѧ֧ԮҪѴӺԼĺڻͳ
˵Ҷַ磬ںͣʱ䣬ͳѾּʶսĲпᣬҲ˶ڻ͵Ҫԡ
ǴŵĻӱյ°ķ·¹¬Ȼ϶ŵҰҲˣҲûʲô
ɵǵ·¹еߵĺڻսֱսӵиĹҡ
ûлͱûúͣûúֵͣĹҲܼʻúͳ罻ҡϳ·һҹ֮䵹ͣ˳еҪͨߡ
տǰΪҹǵĵطһһƬ˽ʳʣҼһڶڻ
ǵͳֹúͰ
פУץץͷ
Ǹϴ֣̫ЩʦŶ֪үڱû˵ǵĴһղ͵ġ
ҲǴӺڻͼӹǱģ䷢һú͵ƣ֮ˣ
ʲôءڴҶãڻͿǺö
ɲǺö𣿡
ȻٺһЦ
ҪǺڻʵڲ䣬ǶӺŪЩ˻شӺǱߵڴ̣ͳʲôĶͣˣЩҵϡãأװ˷ôЩö
ţǿ̣
Уͷ
˵˻ʵղҾˣ⴬רȥţ𣿡
Լ˵Ǵʱĳ˲ĳڻЩĶһţʺζ
˭һţĳ氡
װмװУպĲҲţһǸ˵ζ˰ͷļʻҵţĽֱһֲ
һʼǻΪţʲô˵ĶһһĲȥȻţɶûСЩţڷõڣ˵ÿһʱ仹װϷŷ硣˵ʵУô꣬ͷһμôڣƯӺģ
һ˵ţ򣬽ͳˡ
ǵţΪѡģҲ˵һεнӹǻһ˼ѡţȺ˾Ϳ˺üطмᴩ˺ݡ
еŬֵõġ
ͽҵʺţ֡һ·ϣ˴ŴԱСźЩϣÿռˮϣҪڷţΪʱڴоƱꡣʱĺƯţģȴǳ٣ѧἷ̺ͼ򵥵ļƣ;еĽԺԲƣƽذȺϣ˻˴Ӻ
ѵʱ˾ǿųģǵ˫Ѿ̤˴Ӻأڿͦţü
ǣǵţúõشһë۳ÿ죬һ۾ֱˡ
Թԣ߼ţѹܰùƯ
УҲǹţϾʵţϲȵϵţ˴ڵѰҲݳԣ㶼ûˮӣҲǲһǿƤʵְ
һ뵽͵⣬УǶ̲סһڿˮ
عĹ֣ϲʳҲ㹻ӣɲƷḻʳȴЩĿǰʮޣ⻹ôӱˡ
ҪܹԼһȺţӿɾζˡ
Сֵܣ򡭡ģ
Уʼ̽
˺һҲϽĽοԷ˼룬ʵ˵
ģţ֮ǰµģҪȥԷɽ
ţǵĶܶడ
УʧǲԸ
ǴԶţ϶˵ĿɶîӦҲúɣ
У롣
ҿ⴬ţܶ࣬ܲȸЩǱҲʺϷĵطҤϾƬԭǲݳýһïʢٲǷ㴬ϵЩСӼ佨һҲа
ҲǶȸʮͷԣҲ㽨Сˡ
Цˡ
ʮͷʲôЩҪĽڰɡ
ҪҲ࣬һǮͬˡ
ѵôһأ80ͷţҤ
˭ΪرߡؿຮûˮĲùܸһ±߾ĻʳҲ
ȴ֪Լһ뵱Ȼ뷨պȻֱӵ˱ĺԭĵڴ˺ĺܳһʱԭҤ˸ۿ̲֪һڡ뺣ɽţţ򣬷չһģӴȺ
ԭţζŨһһصİաҤҲ˳ΪӺ賧𽥷չΪƷӹģƷﺣ⡣
ںսҵЩ꣬Ҥۺ͸ҳ˺ƽο塣
ڣһʼ


210 
ϲȵ뿪Ҥźһ·ʯķ
ԭӦڰľӵ뺣תҤ˵ڱȫѾոӺĽһֱ쵽˶
ڶûڣӶпֱﰢľת

ӡ
ҡһû󺣡أ˵ˮǲᶳ𣿡
ǲᶳǲô׶
͸ŸԨĴͬǼʶ㣬ԱЦŸʵ
˵ǺʵһĺϿһͷŶɽءϲӺҶɳӣˮ̶ʵߣĴǿ϶Ǹ׽ˡ
ǺԶԶĶɽأ
ܴץס˹ؼ㡣
ȻѾջ˺ҶǶһɽ˭ռţǲҲҪڶϲ಼
Ŀ˺޵ս£ڶԾսʲôҲ뷨ԭеͼרθŸԨͽԶ㼣鲼йڵεƺսĹϵҲȱ˸֪ø̡
һ˵𶳺Ļ뵽˲
ȻǶһͨеʱ򡣺ǲô·ֱҳأⶳҪýᶳĺͨУҪעСĶɽصĶ򡣡
žžž
ظơ
˵ã˼·һ˵Ҳ𣿡
Ժô˵˵¶ͺˣѾھǵʱǿˡ
ҲûôС㵽ʱ˾֪ˡ
ô˵һ㶣ȻЩ˼ĺ
ճͣÿÿżʲô˵һͣٲİʱʵࡣ
Ȼ࣬ڸŶԺеģ粻˵ûע⣬˵õȷǱ֮ǰˡ
Щ˵ϣ˷͵ë
뵽һ󼤶
ӲڸŶںֱսĲпΣգҲδһ̰ԹޣΪԼѡҲ˸Ļᡣ
Ѿ̸ûΪɻ򡣶Ҿڵεĸ֪ͼѵõ츳ԷӵҪĵط纣οߺ鱨ռ
Ը⣬ҿ԰ƼϵͳѵѵɻԪ繤Զó׵Ļ鱨ռҲ䷢á
ѾӦˣ³Ͷ˭֪λҪȥ
û뵽ó̳˾ϲȻִţ֮⣬˱ոľܲ˼
ʱ򣬳ԶĿһֱԶԼֵĶɽؿ
Ҫ࣬ʵ֮ڽء
ˡ
ôһ׽ڷһ˵Ҳʲô£ٿԷдͻȻϮ
Ƕǰͨк·ûĸţԺţƷߺ·ͺܷ㣬Խʡɱ
ţ£ھúϻ˻ǺܻġϾӺĺͣۡӺתĿĵأѵǮ࣬ٶҲݣϾеĳͨ𳵣󲿷ֻҪͣǮ
ľ𳵵ĵطͳһţ˴ĳǰԷɽ
ǡȻ˻ôţ򣡡
ӦУеǸ壬һЩţǰһ
ȺΧתȦʱһֻ鿴ԽԽصͷ
⺣޵ʵͷ׳һɽܹ˵ġţëҲͦʵģë¿϶ů͡
ëĻ̩֮ģѾչҪҵܶ˶ԴΪ
ҵĸ׺ͳ㶼֯СĿȾë֯һҲĵãԼҲ֯ɫ򵥵ë¡
ë֯ɲŮ˵Ļƣë֯÷紵ɹ׬ǮܺﶼԸȥֻŮϸɣڻƺٶ϶ձ鳬йë֯ﻹŮӶࡣ
ԭֲݻģţҲˡ
ţ̾һ
ԷɽнѾҵʺϵĵطˣϣЩţܺúõİɣȻë֯Ҫȥˡ
ֲݻģ
ݻܻģ
ͳһۣɽڵ
дƬĲݳô˵Ұնղôֻģ
֪
̾˿
̩֮¹أԭɹȷһҪϢݲŻ᲻
Ƕ汲̩ĹأǲݳݣÿһڶҪһݳ
عأЩȴܲˣжٲݾͳԹٲݣȳһл˲Żһأ
ƫƫţ򻹶࣬ԼҵĲݳԹ˾ߡҲ֪ǰǶϱˣǵͷ˲ܣҲ˵ʲôЩǶѳҳˣĲݳǻ͵͵ţԼĲݳǳԳ˻ĵأǵţûóֱʤ
˵һ߿ȻҲǱ޶˼ҲΪȲ
ͳһۣ˸š
֮ǰǻΪʲô忤ҪѡڲԷɽϾԭȣԷɽȻڡ
Էɽزģ磬´ɽ꣬ɹģĲݳ
ˣѡԷɽҲеΡ
Էɽûݳ͸ݵͲӪҲʡ
֣ô˵ءһֽŲɾİھӣôദȷǸ⡣
ЩȻѳӺԽȴЩͨ񣬰伸ͨ飬˵մ״ʡͨΪ˻϶ҪģֱܲӼǹ˸롣
û壬˻ٻ
󣬱߷ʮַأҪӦѾʱʱСоЩԽ񣿣
Ȳݳˣյ߱ȥҲˣݶţĶһǳ
ԼҲݳʣĲ࣬ܲǸոոĲԷɽ´ͳΨһѡ
Էɽ´Ǳ䷢ͶǹɰľسԴģó̾ڲԷɽǻķٲֱ˵˰ʱĶߡ
϶ǽΪ˲Էɽǹƽԭʺ϶ʽĴķӡҲΪʲôƵĵһĴֱ׳Ҫڻ͵ԭ
ʱĶѾЭĲӮˣ˭ĻЭȻǳӶԭⲻϢ³
ȻЩ¿϶˵֪ԷɽδǺ󷽸°϶
ͷʵи󵨵뷨ǮϿСӸǮķЧǱˮҪЩϢȻŲԷɽģʽٶǼ
Թ˵ĽŲδͣЪţȥﲻǴӺĲݳ
ģ


211 
ͷǵ뷨ܺãʵȴôס
ԷɽѾõóʺϽĵطˣȻȻŲСĲ࣬Ĳ˵ͲݳȫȻԭȡ
ûпǹԼֲݣ
ʵ
ǲȻĺֲӦҲûʲôɡһ·ţιĶڲĲϣţҲ
ô˵ԹûֲݵĴͳ
ץץͷ
ԭïܹţȻ԰ֻҪţĽŲһҲջҪķ
ģˮݶӡΪԽԽ࣬ԭïܵĲݳҲһһĻߡҲ⣬ݳôû˻һطˡ
û뵽Ժ󣬻ߵĵط鲼ԭӺʱ󲿷ֵĲݳҪݡ
ֲݣ
веҲһССУܹɵģϾ忤ͶӪǩЭ飬ԷɽȫȨӪԺŻ᳹ƽ
ԲǴϵţδĲݳЩʱ˵㡣ԵȻɻ󣬵Ҳûж˵ʲôǶ˵ҪһӦľд
˸ӯͳʱڲԷɽ
ܵţ׼ڲԷɽһƴһֳͬޣɽڵľֲϡ
˵ޣÿɸ2-3Σ˱ո1硣һߵĲϣţ˳ǣһҪڴ˪֮ǰɣʱҲܳԣȴ֮ǰķḻҪЩι
ȻӪôزʺũȻǱزٵġѾ۵˱ѡһΪԱ˵ҲǶĴͳ֮һսΪҹԡѪսʿ֮ƣȷİȫһá
ľسʮָˡ
۲˱ķӣԼҴȻû˵ڲҵޣʵôֻ֣ճˮ
ԼֵҲ˲ҵϳʸļֵдţɵúúҫһ¡
ܵ˵£ǰȻҪˣҪĻǴս˱Ҿ;֣˵ҪЩʲô˵ԷɽҪˡ˵ɲɰǰв˱Ҹϳ̳ף˵ڱǷǸˣϳҶ޵ĶĥЩǮأʲôʲô˸ͷ
忤Ŀض佫ƽʱһ˷ƽѵľ飬˴˼˵Ҳ޵һףôôдȫǴ׻
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ϳƤǳǽ˸ôĲԭ˭һûô͸ûƵģ
ʯҶߺߵд˻ţ̲סְѳҵù˷˵ĽǼٵġ
ȻϳѡԷɽʱЩƣɿϳиƻ־ⷨӿС
˳ԵʳǵֵģڳԵΪʲôܴӵ֣ݲǾԼ
˵Сӻе뷨
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ǰ˵û
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˴кãֶ˺顣
Էɽ·紵ݣݳţܡӱ޲²ʤһۡ
ǰǶڲޣҽʤңδԹϵľۡ
뱲ڲԷɽ£ţݳҲ
ɷ򽨹ҵﶼʩչ
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һ޲ݣ޲ݿɫСԶԶȥһƬơЩޣݹȻ鴫ʮӦԷɽĻ˲ϵţҲ˳ߵ򲻵ۣëƷҲǳߣ˱ë֯ĵһëԤһա
ëԷɽ˴ţ顣
ԭţҵǵ˵ҵȻҲͲţķ
˴ͳͳ񻹽˺ݵ䷽պôǴӺóƷ˲ԷɽְǸľ˲ٿζϵľϲ
׵ʱͰĪˡĿ˲䣬ʶۣԼһʱۻ֡
⡭һꡭ͡׬ôࣿ
ұˣ˼ʳԵǰľû档
ʵͳҲҲʮ־ȡ
Ȼ֮ǰ뵽ɽţӦĻҲû뵽ȺţȺɣëţȲƷ룬һӯˡ
ٶȷչȥǵ͵ˣ


212 
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᰹ְСϢд׬һʣԵͷҺܴ󷽸ԱǷ˽
Уõࡣдıϸ壬ѡǡôһṩ汾ĸΪһֹע
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٣ϡ棡ֻת˼ҵݣʲôʱ˼Ҳʼתǵĸˣ
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ǸһҶûϡ棬Ժ󿴶Ҳô¶ֵô£
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ûһһͷñ˽һ׼βס·Ǻ·ֻʵ̫ݣļóĵԽ

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ԲЦʵ
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ͣЩԲͻըȼյҺ壿ȻܹӽȼȼΪԴķ֣
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Ϣһע
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ǸոúͳڣиĳļƣͶʽǮʱúͳԿ
ǣ͵ļ۸ԶûеʹõĻǱ͡ζڵĴӺӵпúͳȼǵú͹ӦúͺͣСúͳܱȺԽɿڼ۸ϣǼܴӮȼ
˾ܾҧ
ӺȼĻȨСԺеҲû˾ƣܿͻᱻ̭
ȼҲҪУһҪ͵ܣΪʲôӺһѱĹԹԹԵӡ
һеܣȼûдڵˣбڻͼӹǰ˵Ӻ˲ҪԼҵǵѪҺҲ䲻ϹҵֻҪԹԸɻ㹻ˡ


213 
ĺãû·
㵽һĺĻҲףҪôһ̨ԼȥƣҪôҵһʵĽǢˣֱ͵ͼֽ
ǰ߱Ȼܡ˾ôСĳƷⲻڳ϶ԷļԼ֮ϣ
͵ͼֽǽݾϧȻڴӺճ뱾عźӦꡣҲ͵£еܲҪӺֹ˾㵽鱨ΪܾȴͷֻöԼ޼ԴȻϵл˵á
Ҫͼֽ͵䷽ҿԳ
һƣؿл˵õ۾ɴˡ
֪л˵·¹ĶӣƽʱǮִţһĿ򶯲
ȼ˾ʵ̫ҪȫԸ
û⡣
л˵ðظĵžž졣
ͼֽʲôҪ󣿡
Ҫܸ㵽ͼֽٷŰѻɣ߰ĻŪǮ㡣
л˵ǴӴӺȥģڱЩ·˵ڶµʱǱߵĹԱ𾴣ӦӺеĹɡ

ǲ֪塱л˵ڿ͹
л˵֮ǰݳǰ֮ŶʴʣҶЦΧۣоʧ档
뱨뷽跨ԷǶУССһУл˵ûϣȿصŰݷõʱúϸҩԲ˶ߡ
ȥǮصһëûл˵ֶ
˴ӺԺûܹǰڶ³۵ϱ˭ø˵үӡһ֪мӣƾʲôǮϿǸܼӣΪ˭
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лүһʧȥҲ֮ǰһŰ裬Թβ͵͵ˡ
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·¹ĸײ룬ڴӺסԪԺսҪܽپҲʱ
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ԲЦһ
лүҪܸ㵽ȼͼֽҳ۷
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Բϱ̺һڣű˵
Ҫ˲٣ļҲ⣬һɣ϶ܿԣܾá
ȥɷãҸͷţʱǷͷжϹأ˭ȶһ͸ڻ
л˵Ӧһϸϸжƻ͸Իؼ׼ᡣ
˵Լߵ̬Ⱥ֡
һձһһ߶˵
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˶廹ģȻ޸ĸԼҲͳ˶٣˱Ҳˡ
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˾˳ȻദţճһЩ͹е¡
ֻǽ죬²Լڱеı֣ȴʶġ
Բڶ¼мأʵĺܣûľٶ
κȻҪȥҪʲô𣿣


214 
ĻɲûɵģԴȫֱؼϲȨ󣬶ͶϽڵпţ˽Բ֮һ
ǹ߷ǰжƵİףЩСС֣żһֱͨ״
ò˵Բյĳ߶Ȳ㾫׼ζ̤ĺߡжӪҲ֪ģڽҪͷһȻԲܶసϵȴʼûȷİѱټϴЩϵһֱң⡣
ϻкܶ࣬Ƕصע
Ҳżֻ֣˶עЩ˵Ķƺųߵ㡣
⿴ɢɢС㣬ʵǧ˿ƵϵӦһž޴Ƕ£һ𣬿Ƹʵ໥ӦϢزʳŴӺ
⵱ȻС
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Ķǳ֣вҲζˡҲڵģһʮ֡
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̫ҪˣȽŵȼжҩ찱ЩǴӺĹؼݲðʧ
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ȻصľȻҲûʲôù˼ɵģȫ°¡
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ſڵǶ˱ںȼһٸĹ˵ýǿ϶ǲܽл˵ðлҲ޼¡
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л˵ȫ̺ҲòԲǸµ˲šȻڶ룬ЩɷҲûǵݣɾͷǽˡ
˱ֵǵյĿװԲǰȵ㻭õͼҵĻ˳
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˷ĺ·ܿ϶˳ࡣ
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л˵һѬ˵ĳζվװԲŷ硣
һǼ͸ʺʪǣ˶굽У̲ס
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ˣϾͺˣ
Բѹͼֽڻһ߻شл˵õıԹһһĹߡ
ȿõ·ߣӲС·ȿƿл˵õߣֱͨεķϿڣױ˷֡
ٵȵȣϾҪҵˡ
˵ţԲֵߵߵţƺѾ˴ʵǮ֡
ˣ浽ˣȼܣȻ滭ʲôЩںڵͱǵĸݲԾͼֽˣ
Ͽڣ͸оԼԴ϶һӲ
Բ̧ͷַϿվһкǹʵĶ
ǰǸСӻе죬żֵǸδ򡱣ǹѾ˱գһܴ̾ԼԴ
Բ̧ڰеֻţֲͼֽȻأھŵҹ
ˡ
һƬհףһڶĿ־Ѹռȫ
Ҷûˣ߲ץ˸š
Źģ˲岻֣ǽˡ
Ϊ֮ƣֻϣλķһѣȻ


215 
Ӧ˵Բǰл˵͸ˡ
ǱѾǹסԴл˵ɺɵվװſڷŷ硣
˵Ƿŷ磬ʵҲǷԲ
л˵ǰ⹴ǴͶɵţ̻޲ϹϾóԺúȵдô
Բڷʱһһ׺·ԣ÷ˮɣ˶ͷرһ˭Ҳû̵á
л˵е㻳ԲǹģǹôԼԲҲûôʵͦȤζͶģĸҲͬһλԴ׵Ŀԡ
ѲɣΪǸˣ
л˵뵽
Ժһʧȥ˱ӻŸڴӺѰŴ󻧵Ůҡ
ôҲǺлҵү˵ڳиҲɳǼҵ俤صŮҲǴ´ࡣ
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飬ȥҲ飬л˵òһҪôȥЩĶģ
ǴӺϽҲһˣǸڴӺϷҲûеû˵ģ
˵ԩݣҵҪл˵õôģ


216 
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˸棬Ȼл˵Ϊ˽ˡл˵˸ҪʲôֶΣֻҪȵ񫷢شʲô˵ġ
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ΪʲôǱ뺣ȼ
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Ҽǵúôһˣл˵úʶΪշǣǵˣӡ󡣡
ΪԪĸл˵ý˽շǵ飬ȥȳ档
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һĺˣڴӺ˼οӵʵۣʱɳģĿȾĶǺʿǿһ֮Ȼﶪס
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֪еĺǶĹңҲӵǿ֮ڵ25ʦ󷬣̩ռú󣬻Ȯݷͽܺ㹻ưߣ
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걨μ̩ʧʦŵؽľΪһֱ͵£˽ȴ֧־ܳĸ¹Ϊδࡣ¹ϲͶһú򲹣ʵͬľЭ顣¹̨֮󣬱Ҫ֧־̩ķչЭ̩չԴ׼֮һľǶ
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̻ǮôýģֳԶó֤ĸԶΪ̻֤ġԼˡµĸͬҪѺȫҡҪ赽㹻׼һսǮ¹һӵˡķǲ
̻һҪĴȼͼֽҩǰ䷽ΪѺ
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217 
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ԭںľ̾˿
ȻʱɹΣҲֻʱģϾɻúûڴӺ˼δɱ޹˲֡
ֱĸ˵˹ԡάҵΪɹɵѶһӺסɾͳһ壬ԺκӰ죬Ҳһϵˡ
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ڸߵύеĹ壬ǰѾӪġƻϽ
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Ȼ˵ڵġƻҲʣʲôֵˡӪϼѾ䣬鱨´Щвò״ɴϽһá
ĸǹҳĽ𴨣κĸʱںߣϵʮֹǰ·¹鸾һ˽Ů
յľġͶϡûб¶κ̬ȣ˽ȴӴԱǲѴϸӺռ鱨
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ģҲġθ̻ҲǾǣߴţԭ׼ϲһ߶˰ΪѺ
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꣬Ҳ̻źʵռ춫ϲϾʱĴӺֻңλĵܣĿضܹá
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ϲжǻãȻǰҲ仯仯Ÿۿó׺֯죬˰ṤҵΪũҵʹûʺʳ϶࣬Ϊ档
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ϧȥսʧˣȻڱͶǵġ
ҲûϵĵطҲоӪڴӺڲʺϵĽǢˣŵǱҪİ֧Ԯ
ԭϱҲ壬ǺͶԷĳɹڳɹǣǲԮ
ϧɹðǾӪõļƻһ񣬾ƾһ㣬ȷţ
𴨾ȥսѾˣԼĽǰϵ庣Ҷս鶯Ҳʧһš˵ǣڵĴӺѾ֮ǰȫһˣǲٰǰ˼·ӦԡӺ˵Ļ˵ҪнǱѧϰȽļǰһŬĥģԴһٻܣһѩǰܡ
ǣǧ
𴨼վֱ߾˫ۡ
еȴ㶼ûɢ
нǱѧϰü
ۿ˶ҵʢĳʮġ
ھѾֲˣҲֻԽԽ
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ٸ£ڽеĹҵϵĴүṹصвΪҪǵĽ̡
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ôϣڶĴȨڶϲĵܵشĴҶӶҪģƻʩܡ
ҵһ취ΪϷǡ
𴨼һ˿
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218 
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˵ҵеĹⰵЩ
˵ҪɵǮп𣿡
ǲܵġ
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Ǯײ뿪ǱͰǺҵᡣ
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֪˻ûгζξ֮ǰĸ׽һɾ˵ǸΣյ
ΪĵˣôǾͻһǿµĶ֣Ϊ˱ķĸ׻ͬĸĻѪ͸Է£ΪԼҵ
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𴨼ԽշʮֿģǸѪ˽ӣĸǵʱ·¹Ľʻкܶˣ˽ȻңշǵѪȲ
ȻԸ𴨵ϣȥѧУʵװѣıԼûҪ
շó𣿲ûС
֮ǰǱܾ֮ȥӺҲûɹΨһսǰл˵ôȥ˶³ǣл˵ֻɫòŽ𴨼ҵ˳һСŮ˾õ
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ҵõ鱨ԭ򲢷ǮпǲǰϵĻӣˣڴȽӡȽš
ȽȻŶʮһ꣬īڴѧԺĸ߲ǹǰйءԼ»ȼ찱սܵĴҺܻҲֱʡ
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Ƚĸ壬˵ǺĸȽԺ˵ĸҪ붫ҩȽܾˡѾϵеһңǼ˶ȽȲѾͬǺ취Ƚĸ׺ֶֶŮιʳ
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᪽ǵһ½磬Ĳ߶ǰҴĺᣬԭּƷճָϵֱ𣬵Ѿݱɼ彭ܽš
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彭һ˫нڴӺӪ˼꣬СͬǺغϵĵطǴ򽻵ʱҪԴҪ͸¶̫Ϣⱻץסѱ
˵¶һЦݡ
𴨾Һܿ㣬һ뷨ˣĴ󵨵չ¶ĲŻɣһΪϽҵģ
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219 
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̰Űžͱζҹ𽥷չ˸ڽ̵ļ壬ɵĽҲٽҺᣬ̾ʲôݵ˶С
ҪΪڴӺ̫֮ڻʵ۷ʵѪͳΡڷϻıȹϽҴǻеЭ羸ûг֣˺ѹƺͲ֡Ӻ̫ƺҪ̩᳹ǵ־ʼնҴڽĦжϾͻ⵽ǿѹܿͰ彭ûдϢ֮
ӺԺ󣬳Ϊϵ֧ĸ˻ң֮Ļʵۻе˳ټ߲ĵؽˮϡŹֵڽ񣬲
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𴨶Դʮ־棬ӴҲٵذѶԷͨڽ̣濼ԷĿܡ
彭̵ĵһνӴʼڽʮ󶴵ᡣϴյ鱨ռ콭ϿӺѾ䱳Լ彭̵֧֣ѾҲὫǮƵ䵽Ӻϱ߾îɽ;
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ǸᣬҲʮΣգ֮򽻵ҪСġ
׵Ļ𴨼ȥˣһʼʱ彭̵ĽӴʮֽ˺ܶ̽Ĺ
ԷͬСģغ϶õˮ©ֱȷͼݣ𴨼ŵõԷĻᡣ
𴨼ݵȻǼٵģԼαװȽһӵܣΪںѧӹ֮
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߽֮ͨܿ쿪ʼӴȽˣ취ǵʳУȻ󡭡



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մӺʳҪ״εġСС;˷Ӧʳ̶Ҳһյ¶ֻμ˺лڳ¶пȥƫƫﻹվżš֮Ӱڶ˵Щ˶ܿóԾˡ
֪鲻ǰ֮ǰԥǶҵάڱлһһƵͷϣٲ˵ҪųԹˡ
뵽ҧҧ
ǲǡǡүˡͷ
󼸸˵ļţվлȽ˻лʶط
ôʳأǼҵĺӴӲմȾЩɲҪѪˣ
Ѫˣҡ
ж˶٣Ȼһת
ҲҲҿˡǣҲۻ軨ģйһɡ
ףǸҵ˸ء
˵껰뿪䲻бһֳֻסߵĽŲ
У
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ǶУҽ鷳ǲ⣿
ѾݣװͿѾǲܣֻýӹ۲һ£ȻеݣһУ˲ü
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еĵģ뷢ȴڿƤ˲ɫ䡣
̫ϤˣⲻϲѦҸ̵̱𣿣ҵÿ춼ҪԵģѾпһˣ
뵽Ӷ̱ϲֿѾƽлڸֳһµĲ롣
ǸѦҸ⣡
е
ⲻѦҸ̳ĵġ
ĸչʾ˵ϵ覴á
ˣлһⶼǶˣѦҸȻҲİл˽ڼҰ¾ƣҲǰһѦҸ̵ĵģʱùȽϡ
Ȼ˵ߴԵĲͬ
ĶģҵͩⰡ᪽Ҳ𣿡
л÷
лл̷Ҳ֪鲻ˣɳάӵ뷨ǲ⣬ֻ֧֧شԲ
л̷ͱͱл裬л⣬תͷֿȽˡ
ӼϣȽˣϣĹϵѹȥϾɴƹܣֻҪһֻ۱һֻۣ¶ɻˡ
Ƚ˲û˵
ɻǵøո˵ģԭҲ˿ƽҪǿƽҲжĵģǺֱ롣
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223 
飬һҪ飡
ιʳʵ̫ӣȻȫԸͷлҺͼص˼ҡ
лȽ˵ĴʮֲҲʵҲֹԷ
ϾԼְѼϵĵģҪ׷μҲѲ
ĵôģ
лڷ﷢쭡
ﲻרŵĵʦ𣿣Ϊʲôĵģ⵽˭ģ
һ˸һش
Ҫô˵ǴүҲүĸظġƺǴүϲĶү鷿ﾭšүҲ鷿˵ģ͵֮۳Ųġ
ڳ˴£ҪǰѴүϷ˿϶ţ뻹Ҫҡ
˭ҲлĻ͸ˡ
ԭͲǸˣڸһ˼϶ҪӺǼңĸ۶ǻˡ
򣡶Ҵÿ¹ܳԹסǮǸСү߲úտǰ׳Էȫ÷
лڷ꣬Ǳĵȴչ١
ҽõǣܿȶ״̬ǺԺҲŵùǺʾʵʵ˵ʵ顣
Լʼڸ׵鷿ԵֵġһʼҲûôζĪǺԣѧӵʱ롣
ԼǮŷſ֮Ŀյȥ᪽Ƕë¿ͬβĵ
ǼӵĵĸԹζһ͵͵ø׵ĵģø鷿ĵĸζ
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ͬʱѲ᪽Ƕë¿ͬβĵӣ淢˼ϵĵģץƹ߰ơ
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Ȼֶϵ˱Ϻͱȶԡ
ǿԻȥˡ
У˵ͷЦŸš
ȻУ˵Ĳ࣬Ǽٵġ
֣ѦɷһۣȻСӵδǶ
ԭȻ
޵ùܾܺͣڶ˭ܸ˭˵
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ҲæֹȻЩ˴Ǽҵͷ᪽£Զڶô֪
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ڱۡ
Ϊû壬ºϱߡεֱӴѦǵţֹϵУ˶롣
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һεİ޿ξ²ÿ˽飬ȽϱҲܴţ˭鶼ûá
⻰ʵ˵лҺμģϾȽϱҵĳжȽһ׸棬Ƚ˺Ӷܺߣλɩƴҵ붾İ͸ˡ
μңΪ֤ԣμҴүڼ˽ؼϵĵģһг֢״Ҫܡ
лһʼлҲ֪յϢѾץ˶ĴΣɰǸˡ
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лأȽ˾һԿšÿ޹ˣһűֽ涼ǿԹİ
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ҵĶģõĵĶңָ㣬
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û뵽ԼҶӲǱԩģһΪҪﷸ鷳»ǣĶϱ󲮸ͱϱ˽¹´ȥμҵײҪˡ
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ûͼϱȷ˵
˶٣ָлͷһ󱬵
ڵͼǸŮҲδؾͼҵġ
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ӡͼϱ⡭ⶼʲô¶
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224 
лҵ¾ǣ󰸣μҲ˽ȥǣ彭̡
ĵ飬彭ڰǰ᪽ڻļȵʱԾԼתΪơ
᪽ǰҴ½ϵΧ½ϵһĳ壬ͥ໥źԭɱӣձ̫ʾƶҲҷ
᪽ǱϾҵĴӪ̫֮ڻʵ۽ϲΪֱͳ˧ҪֻԷָӹ᪽ǵ͸ʴѳֵطȨ
ãȴס
̫ڻʵλʮ꣬ƽƶȴʩȻǸ˼ҵףҲֶιڴֱһ
ϲĲֺǨ㣬彭һռ䡣
ֱڣķչ彭Ѿԭ巢չΪһṹܣƿǿۺϸ壬˽ϿƵײڣȡڰ˴ĽǮȥ
Ƕϱ̫ı棬ڱ󲿷֣ξһݹϵͼΪֹ鵽彭̵Ķ˱ȶԣ־Ȼ֮һ֮й
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Ϊ̫ĸ̫˼ȻʮָʹԭӦӺĵȨȻʹ˲ȵ۳ĩڵĶʱɹλһֱûʲôΪձһȨ
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ݶı棬֮ǰϲڼ䣬ִĶ˼̲飬յѡмʮǣ浽ľȻ󶼱֤ʵУ참Ľ໹Ǳţ˲еʧ
˵Ƕ͵⻹פϲԱΣҵĻܴЩŵ˼
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ֻ׼̫ţ֪λӺŮҪʲôļ䣬һֱҲûó³̳
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λľʧģϵƨɾĳЩ˵ԴǮӣȻưոݡ
Ӿǵؿ½·Ҳˮ·ݳбȻƺƴ󣬶ܡڵıԭ׿ǰξƽЩ̫һģ׼׼̫󵳣Ҫֽžͱϸı׼鱨пһС
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ĳЩ˵Ӻڵĳȫǵ棬취°ˮҲð
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225 
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¿ͨõıרߣ;߳ǡǺͶԪԽ֪ӺͰľӽˮźҶƽԭһ·򱱣ִոͨĹۡ
ר߻ڽܹĵĽСһɣؽ뱱Щר߾ٵѪܣԴԴϵͲ
ǴӱģȫҪҹʱ䡣ƽʵ̳ͨʱӹȥģȥĳᲢ޲ͬųıں͵ȫλӹ̣һھڵĻϮ
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ڳĳ˿ʹ󲿷ֶǽװİ磬żмͨ˿ͻУ;Ҳ˲飬ȷпϸС
̫ϣķʽöӸһ´ӺյڽУһӵ߸ϵĹ¼ҹˡ
ʵʵǼ£Ϊ±ԽҪܵܶصԼ
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ΪҶ磬ͶʲӪĺڻͼӹȲ׵ĹҲڽܹĵĽУڵĺˮѾǰӵС򣬶ǴӺʯҵġ
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ݴϱļƻĴͣϾ촬ôȼҪװãಿɷảи죬ҲôӺлǰͻԴȻ濹סĸ»
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𳵳˾ǣ㿪ʼɽƽԭϽ洩С
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226 
Ǩũ˵ʵڣúܶǰѰһ˵Խ˵ףͳҲ
СʵۺؿȺ촩ǳɫĳͷùؾصģ¶һŰ׾ӤʵСһ˫ĸ׵۾ԲԲ˺ͯķܣȴƫƫҪѷཱུһֱߣϳɳصģ
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СʵСȭͷԼ
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̫ŶӵģЦԽԼʶǶԵġ
ǰĶʻˣûоκɫʵк׷飬鱾ϿĸɰͰ͵гУѲӡ̡
ϻһ򿪣ұ˵ʲôĶˡ
˵𱱾½ĺڻͼӹ˵īڴѧԺŹȥˣڵĺˮȾǶֱ֣תǱܿųУµīѧӣָľһƵĽϰߴʦ
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ͣڻͼӹһЩĲЩҲǹҵԭϣ˲ʵҵǰ賧
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̫ҲһͰ֮ǰͱϸȷû¶⡣
ͨĹƬƯЩǵļˮϵ٣ζʵǺúȡ
̫ڹȻнڼ󣬵ȴؿӵθСʵϵĶǾƵʳһƬʵ벻Сʵ۵Ŀڡ
벻ȣֺĸ˷ʳϾ֮ǰ˺ȵҲĸģʥ˽ԣǲܷڵġ
Сʵ۾ȥ߱ǲԶһ˿ϡ
ҲһĸӣСɾǰҲźԼһģһĹƬһڱһԵʮ
Ҳ쵽Сʵ۵Ŀ⣬ܸţѸٳԵһ֮󣬴Եȡһʼϰ
ĸҲѽ˲ͳϴɾͻأȻڶԷ첹
ʱһڶ̵̻Ѿ˵ʼСʵ۷ԵĶЩĲɣСԴһֱ̻̽ʢ
ΨС꾲Ŀʱ̿ϵĲֽ㣬һȫܸŵģ̫аͷ
ѧ̫͵ļҳϲˣ㿪ʼλĸ̸
һĲ֪ԭĸӾȻҪȥѧġ
ʲô֪ѧ𣿡
̫ȡ
벻аջã֮ǰ˺ͺ˶ֻץūڿ˼ٰʲôѧãڽһֱǿĵء
ǰʱ뻹۱ѧ⣬ΪصǸոǨȥģѧͯʮϡ٣¾ͻй滮Ŀռ䡣
ĸȥѧʲô
ҶڣҪīڴѧԺˣûҪѡһƣ˵ڴѧԺĴʦڱأǰ
λĸ˵ʮʵڣ㶼˽ͰѶӵϵ׵øɸɾ
ҺǼǿӶڶĳģ⺢ӴСĽȽɣ־ҪīڴѧԺɶҲźùûû뵽СӻͦȻͿˡ
ΪѡĿԥǵĶЩ˵īڵĽϰڱأʹⱱصĺڻͼӹѡƻǻؿơ
̫󣺡
īڵĹûģǿǳɼǰ㿼ѡĿȽɱһĵһżȥֳһǰ˵Ƿˮˡ
̫ʶؿԼӡ
ڡ֡еСʵɪһ£תͷĸ׸ӵ
ô
𣿹û˸Ҳ뿴
Сʵۿ˿ĸף˳ĸ׵߿棬Сܵ˳
ǸС羹Ȼ㡭ʽеĺóĺÿ죡
ƽ
ʱ̫Ȼˡ
ӵͷָָСꡣ
˼ңССѾīڴѧԺ¼ˣӢš
Ӻ̣
ƫʱҲ̧ۣĿ϶Ķ
ǹպ״档˫ĵһӡ󶼲ãҪ̵ıžǾöСɵǺܴ
Ȥصͷе̿ȴӰСʵ۷˲ܵѹ
͡
ȻܹΪʲôʼݷأ
츳ƽƽĿһȺΧڵУԼĻԼ벻׵£û׼ᱻЦҲֻѧɲܽѣ
ҲŬÿ춼ᰴʱϰΣȴԶС̶ֳȣȽû취ȣעû취Ϊĸϲֺӡ
Сʵɥشͷ죬ĹҲ
һֻǻصԼĳᣬСʵ۸оһֻůԼͷ
һ֮Դʲô˶ģֵıȻҲֻǵ̫
ƽôˣ
̫ʶӵ
ûвˡ
СʵŤŤָСĵؿĸס
ǸǸںƽƽȲϡ
ȷܳɫСС;ͿдѧԺȺܶͬ˶
̫΢Ц
ƽҲ
ƽܹ̹Ȼϱ˵㣬ƽǸؿĺúӡ

ǵġ
̫Ŷӵ֣ߵ𳵴£ָŴҹո
ÿ˶вͬı죬ϵǺͰƶ䣬ǲǶܺÿ
ǵĹڰǿģϻᱻڡƽҪеǺƶɫҪǺƶ䶼ʺǵĵط
ҪҲѵĹˡ


227 
ҪҲѵĹֻɡ
Сʵ۵жȻһԺС
Ȼ֪Լܲãֶһ޶ıҪлǺܺο嵽˷̵ģɰɵСײˮ֣˲֧
˵֪ô
̫Цˡ
ǣʦ˵֪Ρ
Ѷ§øЩһͨĸӰ̸
ûˣ˭Լȱ㣬ȱ㲻ãôˣҪλߵıȽϺѡ񡣡
ƽɰ壬Ҫʺϵ״ʺϵλãƽ
̫Ƶ˵Сʵĸ׵ĻУѵõʱ⡣
ѾܾûкĸһˣһλǴϼҸǣǰ;δĸ׵δһ̵ķɡ
ھͲһˡ
ȻĸǻüόǣʱʱҲܿЦݺ͵⣬ĸ׵Ѿ֮ǰºࡣ
ȥɡ
СʵĬĬ롣
һúƴɰ壬ʺϵ˷ʺϵĵطĸʧ
𳵵ˮʱ̫СʵгǾںˮסգúͺڻͼӹպ۷гٶȽվڼг̡
ĸҲ˳ΪҪȥڻͼӹ̫ͬС
˿˷ʱ䡢ҲǱжڣСʵѾٸоǣµع۲Էıϰߡʦڵʶ֮ĬĬȽϣȻҲĵá
պʷУԩ־ΪĶӣƫƫڼشڵĬϣƶʱҪһθĸȹ˴Ӻҵչĸ
ʷѧǶڹۺദģʽʮֺ档
˵Ǹϻ۵ţߵµĽǶȺ͸߶ȶ볣˲ͬھߵݺͼͨ˸ס
۵Ҳܲǲ˲٣ͨеĴˣûгƽߺܶࡣ
ԾĶУ۷ʱռƵһүȻڼ㣬ƺϵлȣǰͲµ뷨
ԷҲִԣ˵ʵʱһˣ̶̺Զ֮ϡ
֮ԱֵôƽӹΪʥ̫أʱΪԱˡޡϰߡ
ţ۾;ƽʮɣҲԸٷΪѪĵشϻᡰඥ⣬ʱ㡣
ȻⶼǺСҰʷʽʷиûмءܿɣһЦ治Ψڷܶ
СսѶȵ˿ɲǾ׶ô
ڵĹϵûôӡ
̫ĹϵСʵۺڻ˲ι˺ڻͼӹĻᡣСʵ۴ڿ֣Щ;¯ʮƣ¡¡ĺҲ𺳡
Ǽ˼λīڴʦ֣ɺ֣ԺڻҺ֣Ժ̸˼䣬С졣
֣ԺȻϵ̫ͽϣ֮൹ҲӦ죬㶼ûй¶˵ݡ
ֻǵǵӣԼ֮ǰڹѧ֣Сʵ۵̬ʮºͣĸָܸ¯ӦܹеĹ
СʵۣҪֹģ
̫Ӵˣ˵ıȽϺ죬ֻ˵˶˹˻ؿΣӲѧ
˵֣Ժ̾˿
Ȼ̫˼֮ǰڻؿεǸѧַϲ
ƫѧʵҪá
˵Ҳûã˵ƫһģһ̫Ҳ֪
ʱҲ־Ϊƫ׷һͷ𣬱ʵ˻ҷûû۶ϣֻԼ
ڴӺѧʼҲֻͷ֣һȽɡɵѾɳԼѾơ
ҪŶӳõ۹δľʱĴƣŲΪһնɱΣ´
ط˵Ǿٹѧ֮ҲΪˡ
͵ʱ֣Ժпؽڻͼӹĳｨʼĩ
Ϊڻͱ˴뱲ӣĺóԸһ˵ͣ
īڴѧԺгиѧúԺܰϹϵԺϵ˹֧ԮеѲڼָء
Ƚ˸ģͣ˶ڴּӹ͵ʵüƻǴ
֤˼·Ȼ˸ĽںڻͼӹԭϵЧʮָߣܶǰԭڶ˱ͣӦö˵ʵյľǲͣǻһҪĶͽвֻͣĿǰӦޡԺӹĲˣǾܿͲͳⶼڴӺŶеĳ
Сʵɡ
ʵ׸Ʒ֮ģȴʶȽɣ֪ȼ
ѼѼղ͵ģƽʱ̰Ӻϡĸ˵ޣͻҪ߾ܿѼѼĻҲࡣ
ô˵ȼ֪ѽ
˴գҵһԼܹĻ⣬Сʵ۾ʮ˷ܡ
һʼе㵨ӣԼ˵ЦɵھȵͲʱͷ֣ʦСʵ۾֪Լݰ㲻ĵһһ
ȻǲͳĽṹҲͬѼũٶȱȲĳٶȿ죡
СʵۻǵԼѼѼ¶һҪ˵͵ݣԼʱĿڡ
ѼѼĸȼ˽⵹һܱģ֣ɺ趼оȣϾСʵ۵ʦ̲ǸʾС
ү˵ĺܶԡ
֣ɺСʵһЦݡ
ѧʱүѧҵǾ˲ٰ
õ֣ʦıСʵ۵ľ͸һýնĸԶ
ϲģ۵
һֱָСһСǲǼȽɱˡ
Сʵ۽ͦظ
ȻյȽʦأ
ȽԸϿ𣿡
ڵ۾Ż⡣
СȽɶ˵һĴڣ
ȽɵĹһƣʶֵĻᣬûȽɱˣ
˽ܶȽɵĴţҲݳеȽլͼ£Ķ˶ûᣬСƾʲô
ϾǸС꣬δ໹ûг֮ĳǸļ̾ϱ˳
СʵϾͲ׽ˣеĵԽҪ
Ȼ˵ѼѼĴڣԻɫظСŽȽʦϿΡˣСĽʺȥɣ
Ƚʦ˵öԣŬȻͻջϲȽʦѼѼģⲻлر𣿣


228 
̫СʵڱѲΣԶȳǵĽ𴨼Ҳûţһͷȴ
ͬĸĽշǵִӣһɶһֱںݵŮʮֿأصصҪ𴨼Խˡ
𴨼ϴĲԸ
ʵƵ˽ŮϾһ벻ѪͳĺںҵѪҲֻϵ񣬸ܻùݡ
ƫƫĸףȻǸ˵ŮԽΪգݣý𴨼еʮ߳ܡ
ǵǰѧУ飬ͬѧշǵ¡йȻĺ棬ĻǳѵĿ̽𴨼ͬѧǶ֪иںʻĽ㡣ǲʲôϸ֮ģֻѽշǵǺݵռÿԭСУȴǸŮˡ
𴨼ޱ衣
ʱѹֺͿжȹġһȼ޸ףΪʲôֱŮ˽壬ıǰݣΪ峹׽
ҽһɼʱ쵽ӵĲԾ˽𴨼̸Ž⿪˶ӵĽᡣ
ԭΪϵĴҵ
𴨼ƽˣĸо̫̣ԡշǡʼ޷
ʼ޷ǸŮΪѪ壬ֻҴǸϴҵĹߣ·άֱϵò
һΣһ
ӺĶнܴ죬ɥʧӪźòеأһдԭͲ˵Żû֧һ飬ʧνء
ɹѳԺĸ׽һȨ𴨼ҲʵüλһûϵԼƻܵжȻʧˣûܰɱĿ꣬װ״˼֡
׽һаţָȥϵ彭̣Է赶ɱˡ
ĽȻʧˣӺע彭ϣû̫뵽ϸ
𴨼˿
Ȼʧ٣˵Գܡ
ֻһǻ׻ˣ֮ǰǰ˵ĵʵʩƻһֽģʢĽ𴨼ʮûӡ
츸ӽշǻؼң𴨼ø׶ԼʧˣȻȵĻƣζ
ţƳһҾ޴ֻʻȸ5ͷ
ǽʱеĺ޿ͻһ۾ͱͷȴȺӵϣΧ˸ˮйͨ
ޱսдĹҶս
ԭת򶫰ͼΪ˹Ҷս׽ĴУԷߵ뷨Ǻ˹׷Զó׵ͨƵصĿʹҪ·Զܽͨĺߡ
ûʳûвб˷棬ںͻǹĵ費ʱ߷ɹѵ
Σ֮УеĻްڣǿʳΪеΨһ
˺˳ܲ뷨跨룬ƽԶսĶһʺϵѡ
ֻǣӺҲô׵ġ
ຣУӺǸ㸻ʮĵطǱߵĶӵˣѪ㲻纣˸߹󣬺ݵĿѧҲ䶮
Ȼѣܶ˻ǷŲ¸߸ϵļӣԼȥӺҲϵˡ
ǵ뷨ܿ㱻
Ǹ򲻵ǰӺĴƱڻܿĴʮϡ٣һƱ󣬺Ѿۡ
ǽõƱ˶ԴӺʹݵʱҲͨ
Ӻ뺣ݲ޽ԼĺǴѶġӵˡƽȵĴڣм˲谭ڷסĹؿ
ɻ
ٴεִﺣҩĽЦһ
սһ꣬˫Ѿһʼ֮ͶͲﵽһ˵֡
̬չ̶ȣҪҲǲܵģǰͶսɱҪղӭǵľ֣֮ԾҧҲüȥ
ڿԶ죬ȴܸ˹֮˼սʿ˲òսļȵĶʱսڡ
˭֪ⳡսʱǲֹͣģȵ괺ůʱսᱻٶȵȼ޺ͷŭ
ЪھǻָԪʵĻᣬ˹ԸŹ
Ҫʱ佨̵Ĺ£ٺƸʿ֮ǰĵĻȡ꿪ս֮ʱܹһٻܶ֡
ҲǶ̣ضĻ˶ͼΨһܹͨеĴֻ
ǰҩͺõÿ죬ǹ廹ƽڵĺѾ벻ֿȾҩ
ǽս˫ľӣһʼֻνսΪ˲ɳ֮أԱΪ˹ͷ۵⡣
õÿ죡Ҫĺõÿ죡
õÿܹƸȾ˱ͶսҼ۸ʮֵǽԱѷ
Ǵ󹫺еͬʱ뵽Ǹ磬ǸӪ磬ֻǲҵṩҩ
˫Ĭ֮£ԪΨһһܹս
ǸɶӺˣ
еݺݵˤһƿ
Ȼս˫ҩһ޶
ںݴ̣һԴսƣǿɶĻ쵰
ҲûãҲԪһҡ
ʵϣսʼһ̣ݴ½ϵİҲжź͸Ԩ¡
ֻǣүϾһŶףŴݵԶó֤еҲû浱ɰ̻ˡ
˱ռ˾ռˣҪǻɴӺ˾ﲻˡ
ӦǱеѪĵطھҷռ˵ıˣֱǸЦ
߹ҲֻԼİ칫ˤˤҲԪ֡
Ĳ˵ͻǰҩͺõÿԪ͵ڶԼҵĲߣװŵռ˱ˣֻĬĬڶ
£̻Ļ᳤׵ˡ
̴ͨ
еһߵǰһԼ
ҪͰ׵»棬ֽս⡣
̴ڣÿһĻһ֡ЪȻʱͣ𣬵ҲǴĹؼʱ䣬ûǮʲôˣ꿪ֻܵսܱ϶ͷ̨
ôԼ䵽ľأ
ûǮǽҲҪάȥֻҪõأϵһжծ˲޵ġ
£̻ĽϢʵ̫ˣڵϢǱ·¹˰ղܻǷ
Ļһǡ
ҪٽȥĻ»Ҫ¬е߱˰գǿסģ
סҲÿ
һߣһԼ졣
׵»ǿεģЩˣ
÷ҮͺǸ˽ŮȻ˵ǺӺ
ߣǸĴʦżٻͼֽƭһǮŮ˾Ȼ˼̸ˣǷ𣿣


229 
ڼͼֽ£еһһ
ⲻҲս𣿣̴ڶ˽ڣ˹˭ܰѶԷ׸ɵÿյĽǮѾ֣ȥ׬Ǯľֻа̻ȺѪˣ
ܵ취
Ҫ˵ܴһڴӱΪǲûԭģܿҵ·
ңԶĶŵĶսά˲Ұܣ˵Ѿȫûˣ
յϢˣ
άʷ̤½һ֧ãǴ󹫹Ƶ֮һרűǹص̰
һ֧Ȼȫûˣ
е㲻ţµϸȥϸ顣ĽһάûˣӺ˵ǵĶսȫ߸漱ֻܹڰǰʵʿ߹ңܶһһ졣
ϢŵģǴ󹫹ڶ֪֮١Ͼ˸עݣǾúĵطҲǵӦ֮ء
ңԶĶսߡǲǴ󹫵˽ׯ԰ˡ
յϢʵʮ˷ܡս˽֣ܹôӺǵĶսߣô˫γлĺѹҲܴᡣ
һӺɾսǸԽʡʺԱȻЩӺ˶ӵˣӵӵ˵ô˵ǴӺǰʹϻ梁ս㹻ģܽʡľͻ
뷨е𽵹󳼸ӺĻʵдһš
ŵҪ˵ľҰΣգӺһͬ˵в˫ЯֺӺǲԶݼơ
Ȼܾˡ
ԴӺӵصģһƪԾī˼Ǻ̫ңԶӺޣ׼κһ
⣬ǾͶԵģǵĻǰͻʶܺã޲Ҳ㹻ǵľ衣̺ʵģҪҪǧҪ߿ṩơ
е
ȲģϾǽǵʱ䡣㲡Ҫһ׸ɵŵģôӺǰռؾ䣬ӺĻʵ۲Ӧ÷ᡣ
ǸС£ߵĴû˽̽𣿣
еˤһɱ
ǸӣǰǱޱϴѧҵ֮ǰ˵ݵ׺ɣôβأ
ʱ׼սٵս𣿣Ϊ˭ʥʿţ
һս½ǻӹǵأʱûصߵĵطǾԲܵģҲʿѪٸˣҪԼս
ڰ칫ҴɳŻҪװϾʹӺ⻹Ҫġںݵ򶼱ɷ£ԶĲ͸ͣ
ױʸӺСʵдһţóĿǷĵȰ˵СʵǲӲս
ȻҲյ˻ţȴڴȥԶСʵ۲ûдӦһöԵȵĿǸȷĴ𸴡ӺԺսûȤ
ɰ˸ᡱ֮ϵص޺޵طŻȽŵ֮ҪӱӺѱ߾Ƶ֪ϣ
ǾͲӮԺͷԸôŮǶӣ
һƨϣشŴ
һԵĻ͵۹һۼ˾Խ˵ԽԥһֻӲͷƤһı
ıǹڴӺǾŵս飬صᵽӺʹõһЩͻ
ıҲǵһյҲ˵ӺĴ֮ıֻǶ˾г
ȻΪʲôӺǸСʵ۸ĿŵؾܾΪ˼ҸͲҪǵո
ӵôʽĴӺҲǰ֧Ҫƴ޾ܻʤľӣĻѹȫʢʱڵŵģ
ԣΪʲôҪأԼһôûУսɵϡ
ͨһ㣬ķŭ漣ƽϢˡ
ȻɶСʵ۵̬ȲҲֻϵ޷ܣ֮ǰĻȫܱȽϡ
ȻӺĻڶսʱЧôܴܲйһ
ǸʵˣϾ뵽˺Ŀܡ
ˣ֮ǰôû뵽ԺʹӺⰡ
ڸ󳼵в˵ˣӭͬӺĹ⣬ⲻ͵ڸ˳ŵ
ӣûУ˵ǻǰͻʣ
Ҳû˺ָСʵдһţȷԼҪӴӺԸ
Ȼܿյ˻ţ˵ĴۣҪӺĹṩһƵǹҪָļ豸
룬ܾˡ
ȻҲӺǹеͬҲԼľǹ󲢲С
ǹҪĴƫʱܹóͼֽܿɳܵضˡ
һҴӺǰеߵĻҵģ˵ǴӳĽˣΪڲǣѲųӵޡ
ԳƽзһɵĽʮ̸ֽȻе˵߰㣬֫ʮַḻȱȻҲöԷԼ˼
ĺˣһɵԸʵᡣõóһֻͼֽϾͱ͵еǰ
ǴӺķ
˷ͼֽ
ӺͼֽΪʲôں˵У㵽ʲôˣ
͸ŹŹ֣˿ͼֽȷֺĳֻͼ
һɸĽԼܹ´ң´˴ȽϻһṩǲⲢƳͼֽȽϺͶȽԭһңȽҵĴұּҵʱһҵһݣԷ޺Ͷڡ
˵һͨž͸ͨС˵һڵҲ
ŰɣԿ̬˷һɵͼֽʼҿѧо
һʼ鵹Ǻ˳ѧĻ᳤ͼֽʮȤоһʱƿۿѧĽôԣЩʼ޷գεظ˽ۡͼֽ⣬Ļ޷ʵá
ãǮ׻ˡ
ǩ˴׽Ǹ˷һɡ
һûҵ÷ҮоǸ˽Ůţ˵Ըǣߴţ뺣˺ͬϷִӺ
ΪӿŶȣշǲó˺ڸȨ飬лǽᵽ˺ǷĹ͵ķš͸ڴӺϸԼǿĻ
ϸȻ˰ͻڣĽȴȰͻǿࡣǰʱĴǻо˻ƷӦ˵ɣӺⶫشԸҹŴֻȫ

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230 
׵ϷշǵȻܵõʲôɫû˵ͱˡ
ںݵĴáΪ·¹ıУĸ÷ҮоҲٱ֮ǰӰλ֮Ժ󣬱ֵĹ嶼ΪӪæվӣ˭ںһȥ鸾
÷ҮҲԹԾȣѺ˱ѡ׷ĿɣǸǽͷݣԼҡڲ˵ƫƫĹ˸˳ʧȥ˾ʸ
÷Үʧˣ˽ŮշǱѡֻп塣
ԭǽһɿ޵ССͱд죬Ȩ֮ĻƸǼ졣
շǶԼʵǺĵġݵĹȻ𶫷ˣ˺Ӻ˻еȼģ˵һĺѪͳͨĺŮ״Ŀꡣ
еĺշǱкܴڴ˵һͱ˳ּĽշǰ˼⣬żظѯʡ
⣿˵ʲô𣿣
ҲãȻҡͷ
񲿵ˣշеʱȫһԣСĻ֮ǰ˶Թģ˵ûκ⡣
ΪʲôȻأ
ʵ¶ҲֽշǣҪľΪԼǿĨƽ˹ڡϢ
ںڣй´ɹĻⶼѹԶں޵񲿵СȻҲڹõĻ֮ǰİ汾
ˡ
ŭ𴨵˷ǳӣҪס
Ǻܿ鵽˷һɵĴڡ
һɡ
շǿˡ
ȻһĺѪͳСȴ·¹󣬶ں粢ʮ˽⡣
һɡ
Ǻûգ
ҧгݵ˵
Ǹûз߷߷һֵգһƿķ룬ҪֽҲûֵд
Щ˶ɵ𣡣ôԵĴû֣ȻǺˣһ㳣ʶûУ
ƿڴֱɲýշü
ʵе顣Ƿ-һɣǷһ-ɣֿȥǺ𣿣
޵ǲмȥѧϰ˵ԵģֻôϹϾʹú޵ԤԽ˭ӵ˵ϰߵɳʶ
Ҳ̫ԼĹˣ
Ļȴ˵ϾշǰںսϣһǸðƻð˺˵ݣҲֱӵ˵ʧܡ
Ǹһҵ𣿡
շüˡ
Ϊ֮ƣֻоҵһɣ͸еʵ˵壡
ץһɵֶһ֧ðΣս鲼ĺˣһɾƾһϢš
֮£շֻȷغ׻㱨޵
շǸ´ϾͿԼͬĸĵܵܽ𴨼ϴμǰշǻعʱ˵Ҳкܳһʱˡ
˵̬ȴ硣
𴨼һԸշȫ̿羰;ûа㽻
ſţշǵüͷ΢΢
ȥôű֮ǰҪưˣײ˵ͼҵչôΪʲôһ㶼չȥڽϻܿúͳ֮ģôֻõˣ
Ͳסѯʽ𴨼ڳе
𴨼ԭʵʵ˵СϴԵԼĽʵݲѣ˵Ůǻȡ֧Ԯ˵Ҳʵ顣
̾˿亣¸շǽһ顣ƻʧܣľɹ̩֮սܺŵȫûԼ´ǵùĻֱϿӵϡ
ҲΪʧȥ˿ú̿ԴصԴΣò߼۴ﹺȼϡ
ڴ̣ȼϺӦǡĹ嶼̧ߵú̿˵ͨĺˣѾΪݳ޵ͨзʽ
շһʼֻüԺļѲͬܣȽ𴨼˵ʱȻһķ֣˶ɱڡ
ѹ֡ѹˣ
͵תͷĿ׺ݵؿ𴨼
鱨ΪʲôޣΪʲô֪֪ͣ㵢˶£
𴨼ˡ
ĸ׸շǻΪԮȻпѪŮ˵ĳ϶Ǳò
ڶԷ׾ͳ𣬶һǸݺѪͳŮˣý𴨼ộ
ڳϱ㳳
շǷǳڵĺ񲿣ùľΪһ֮˽࣬еǰܣֱ²㣬࣡
ͨһֱ˽𴨸ۡûܿڸ׵ϻʱձŽ˻һɡ
һ棬շǾͺĿڡ
ףеߵԮǲˣǽˣǾֻ취Ӱ̻õҳ˵ǰ棬˵ǮɲôõģôѪ׼
һǸߵˣòʮۣȴʱҲں޵ķԺ޵ġƺ뷨
˽շǵĻһҲżƵһ̴
ͰɣеǮʣǮ⡣
Ǯ
շǳͣǻԼĸаˡ
֪˵˸ʲô𣿣ǮÿҪϢ
ȫ֮ǮϢܻġ
һϨ̴
һڣãԼǮ
Ұհ̻ĹڶǿԽϢʹ֮ǰı𳥻ȻǾͿԽ赽ǧ򡣡
ǧ㹻ܶ£罨սоʽĴĴǶ죬ֻ֮ǰû뵽áӺʵҿͺܺãǽʡ˴оĳɱ
һ˵һɣշȴÿҪʹȥ
˵⻹˻𣡣
ǽڶڶܻ룬ǩôĽϢô̻ĴϢǳĸ߰
ƺǿŮ뷨һ΢΢һЦޱȵطʵ
Ȼ֪ܻΪʲôҪأ
˵ףҲһֻ̻Ǯûдں׽һԶںޣǲƾʲôҪծأ
ں޵ڴ̣صó׼Ͼǰ̻ҲܿƲߵ䣬οڴҶȱǮǮķ򲻾õĲƷ
˵һЦһ
Ҫ˵ģҪ¡
Ҫغޣ˵Щ壬ư̻Ǯޡ
ǹдڣȻһȺͷϣЩҲþˣ


231 
˵޵Ĺ弯̻ˣǷ𣿣
ǽշǱܵ뷨
ںޣСĿȾҲǺ幫߲Ĺ򣬶ڰ̻ʷ֪֮ꡣ
˵ںй̻ˣɨֻǵһܻ̻Աĵƣ򲻵κҪƷ
·¹λо£Ľǳ˳ˣ䵽ҪȥĽʳ罻·ûУһЦ
շǴ˸¡
ҲˣҪĻţЩŮһŴֲûдͨȹȹŶò
һɿŮ뷨аŮǳӡá
ܲˣҲ˵ʲôϾշǵǳͶһģ޵ҪгԶ۹⣬ֻҪ̰㹻ˣ̫˷Կơ
һվһԵĶӣӸŮ͡
ģõеֵ֧ģʵĶһģֻǰӲȳͷøһᡣ
Ÿ߹ѪĹ壬ȴһȺͼҪЮΪЩǲ뷴ǮʲôжǮĹǰĺ޲Ĺǲǰǽҿ㵥߲ˡ
㵣ĵĻƷЩҪͨԶó˹ģҪôԺޱصĿûһǰ̻ԼġԶóȨǼǰսеսƷһսȨֽϴƣҿΰ̻ҲδѺɹ
Ȼں޳ǾӦ֪ڰ̻ᵮǰİĬɣ롢ɭͶ¶м嶼һκ޻սƲģ̻ȡڶĽѵˡ˱ϾֻˣôܶùŻʹڵȨأˣҪջظۿڡͷȨǵֵסġ
⻰˵еշǻЩġ
Ͼ֪У޴û˳ɹ̻ծʷϴδйҪǹ͹ôΪʲôҪʵʵ˻Ǯ
ߡ
һЦһΪǴδصʱ̣
˶٣˵
޼һֱţռĶЩʵԶǵĲ䣬󹫺͹жŴƬֲ԰Ϳ󳡡̻ĽϢٸߣҲһūЩ¶ˡ
ڣ˶սˣ˶ȱǮȱʣûǮսʹȥ
ʱֲ԰ԭϺͿ󳡵ĿʯǲܾȼģҪǮǮֱӹʡʣȱͼ۵ԭϺȼϣǺĻᣡ
㿴档
һָָ⡣
ĵط˵úͳӵǺܳ¡
ڣ˵úͳˣΪòú̿ǮĹխƶ񤣬ú͡ȥǵ׽úϣװ׳˷һѣ
ûǮȼϺԭϣǾֻϣŸһԭʼǱõǮõ׽ĴʱֻҪܹռӺأǾʹԴĵطӺ̫˷ˣǵδҲһҪ°ɹ
շǵ˵ܲɲ֪һ֮Ĺ걳죬һȺ˵ȴѾʤ
֪Ϊ׵оŶڹ걳콨˷ʵңרоܹͶʵõķõ豸
ǵĵһɹ˵Ҳǲѵѡ񣬱ϾʵҸսʱ򱱿ûջؽӺûкڻľ֮С
ú̿УӴ½⺣뵺Ҫʱ䣬Ҳȫ֤͵ȡĳ֪Ψһѡ
ҲǸţһĪչ˰㲻żÿҪȥɢ
ĳһɢֱ֪ͽ鷿һʼûע⵽쳣ȵڶ绹û˳ԷԪŸоԾ
ǻΪ֪زæȥ鷿ˡ
֮ǰ˵֪ǺҪ˲ţһҪչ˺ãҪ֪Ƥӵ³£˭Ѳ˸ϵ
ÿţȴһƣȵ֪
뵽ˣ
˷ܵһ˵һ߱Ȼ
ںӵĺˮԲˮأ氲װȡˮƶת磬Ȼ˳úˮӵ𣿣
˵˶٣Ȼַ˻ǰץһŵͼ
ӵҪи߶ȲҵļǵõӰɣˮӺԴɽأҵˮٶеĵط
˵ţһץסԪĹԱ
죬ȥ
ۼŶ·üĿԪĹԱ˭ģһ֪Ρ
걳פ˶ģھ½ءΪ֮ǰйԵϵפҲϣ֪һ߱ɽصкӵѡһ
ʵ֪ĻкüȻʵǽһ㹻ˡ֪ܿͼƵַṹ򵥣ľʩѶȲ󣬾ǵޣʱֻܿ϶ѡ
Ϊ֮ǰƻ෢ľ飬֪ںĻ޸˲ֽṹµͨС˸ǽṹеĶӣתװʹתܹڶȶתڶо͸ӦһԲϱ仯Ľ綯ơ
ޣڹ걳Ͻֻ15KWҲ֪Ԥֵ
ѾܺˡĿǰõķҲ32KWһ԰úΪȼϣ֪һ̨֮⼸ûʲôɱֱƾʵݵĴ
ͼʣµľװ⡣
ĲԪеĽȴȽ鷳ӹѵȽ϶֪࣬Ծѧޣȷƹʮֺ
ԪʽԱҹӶȻҪ취׬ǮĳƷܹͶʵá
²ظȽдһţϸͼ˲ٻƷʣŵĩβС걳棬һоء
ȽСſвĶġ
ȼͼ֮󣬽ĹרŵĹ½֣µȽСֱץݳǵĿξÿƤӵ¹Ϣ
лҳԺ󣬴Խϸ񣬲ײй䣬ÿγŶһȺ档ȽСſζѹѵ۽Ƿ߶ţӴٲ
еסˣһ֮־ôα֪һֱӳˡ
ǡôأ


232 
һɫȼȻʻĽֵżнֱߵͶĽĿ⣬Ҳһ˲£δ̫Ĺע
лڳУڴĽ־תתѵô˼־ȡ
û뵽֮ĳȻѡ˵͵ɫ˵רŶƵȼǽͭɫģȥرҫۡ
ޣ
ӴԱЦһ˵ǮأǮͷˡ
ȼԺ˶߼ҪơҲΪҪ廨Ź⣬ֵúȼĶȽɲţܶƣֻͳһƵĳƷ
ȻͳһƣҲסԼ
ϵȼԽԽˣֵġֶֺУɫɫȻһɫĺڣӹҵӵͼǰٻš֮£Լҿξġԭʼ桱ʮֲˡ
ǿξ̫Щ
ԱЦŸ˽͡
ҪӴǴӺԶĹͣļ̳ˡλڷ۵лƺǿξЩ飬մͷϳֱӵ˰ξ˾ȻҲӦˡ
λлǺǸùܵܲһ
Ա͵͵һθߴ󣬿ӢͦĻѪˣаͷ
ţ಻񣬴˽
Ǹҵļ̳ˣ˵Ǻ޵Ĺ壬ǶĹԱ̬ҲòȻİܿóģ罻̬޿ޣƾС
ǡӺӵĲ
ĻԱȻᵱл˵ⲻǴ͵
ݳİնλлҵ̫̫ж衣л˵ԼʳȾص񫣬ôȼصͼͼֽλло;ȻȺߣ
Ҳ֪Ķ߹ͨ˺Щ⿤кƦרŶݸҪ£ڶξǰ״ֽ纣޵ڸֽϿΪл˵õġԩơ
Ҫлл˵Ʒʱ˶ӵıչ񣬴з˴һĶץ˸ţ¸㲻ûױߵڰףҧһڡ
л˵ú£ʵݳǵİտһ־磬˭˵лҶһı顣
˲𰡣ֲл˵õģ治и
˵ô๤ҵû˵˭ŽҪЮعٸģ
ǽ˸󹤳ҲرصĹذɣ˼ȽôҵȽҵ˲ǹؾؽɷȽ˵ݳ¶ǹģ
նл˵õĹ۸вãлҵҲǣ
лԭлҵĻعЩ½󣬽л˵õĺָƻֻ޲ܰͬĸĵܴܵš
黹Ҫġ
лҵĻع֮٣ӺǱлԪϣڴӺ㣬ôлҲûδˡ
ڶǰζξΪѣЩ飬㻹صء
л˵л˵ãллңл˵õ²Ӱл붫ĺ
ĳŵлһҲˡ
⿤ξҲɡ
лӴĳ裬ؿС衣
ߵһֻģǰģ;ȻޱȾϲÿϸµװҲĥޱֱ͸ʵһģһ
Ǻɣ
лģ˿ϲ顣
ֻҪ˾ûвϲģлִƼȨߣҲЩ˽µİá
ѵŪЩС顭
ܵġ
ޡ
лͷ
֪иͷܵܣһֱŲСĺǻòˡ
ǰȥޣÿζ취ЩشӺȻû˵л²ЩǴ޵ܵܵİãϾûѪûᣬ˵ܵܣʲôȤ
޵ܵǸл⣬ײлȻתƵ˱𴦡
˵˲¶ǻǰѾΪֿȵľҩ̻ᶼڴҩ䷽͹ء
̻᣿
΢
Ҫƻǰ
˭أ
лЦЦ
ҩЧѷɫĺõÿ죬ں޶˸߼ۣ̻Ⱥ֪ģͺա
ֻǴӺԶڴ˰ǵҩйٷ̻һʱ첻ôѡ
˵Цһ
첻δذɡ
ֻĻûҪл˵Ȼ˽ȴδȫһ£÷ĻҪġ
㰲ٸӷ硣
Ϳͣٱ֮ǰȻζ˵һ䡣
ǸõطлҵǴԶǴӺ˶Ҷͳϣס˾ˡ
õģҼˡ
лЦŵͷ
ſڣĿϳ뿪
Źϵ˲䣬лԼ¥¥һˣ𪵫ݣһƺɫĳеͬһ㡣
ǡ
лۣһ֡
¥ȻȽţпˣһֱ¥Ϲ磬ĥôӦȥ걳졣
ϣҲǰӲࡣ֮ǰܻڸӦʣҲС쵰ʮơ
û취ѽڰ¾Ͳòͷ
ȻСͳŹɽѵ˵ʱһ㲻֣ʱȫ
ȽСеˣֱͣǱѵúʱڰ˵Լ뷨
һ˵һ͵͵۲΢飬ü㿪ʼѹǲ䡣ȽСŬظԼľ¸ҵ˵Լĵ뷨
ЦЦȥһߡ
Ŀζȴ򰢵֡
ţ
ԵĶһ£ȻԹԱǰ뻳С
ܸߣȽվֱҲֻ
걳죿֪
ȽСɪһ¡
ǻɣҲǾ档
ȽСˣʵԼȫ·̡
ŵȷ֪дģҲֻ˵Ƶȶ⣬˵ŶôˣкüīڴѧԺʦʦ㣬Կɿģ
˵һͨȴ֪ĵط޿ξĴѵ¶Ц⡣
Ѿ֪ˡ
ȥ걳콨ʵ俪ʼ˵в㳹ʧȽСôöû뵽֮ҲֻΪⱾͨ˴ڡ
𡢷һ
֮ԻҪһһΪһС쵰˵ôߵ˱ԣҲϲȽСְͽģ
С쵰ֻʱŻģȡĺûôܴ
ȽСŵġĥӲݡ֮£޿ξڡΪѡشӦ
ϲ
ȽСĵظȻԾ˶ԷĲʺƨ
ʱס˵֫ܽһȻ޿ξ԰ܵʮá
ͷͷȽһ˫Ŀȥ˵⣬ȴǲ׵̶
á

ϣں˾㡣
иһҲ֪Լʲôˡ


233 
ȽСԸԳ̤ǰ걳Ļ
⴬ǶģմƱҲ׽ϵҪǸϵפ
СӱҲһ
ӱڳɹͨīڴѧԺҽõĿԣȥҩ¼ȡһȴѧԱ
ӱ￼ϴѧԺ¼ȫҶϲ
¼佫ңձܳɫ˵ѧϰͱȽϼѣμĲƽģҲǾѧá
ӱﻹǳ¼ҵһīڴѧԺģ¼ȡ񷢲֮󣬳ϼҵڴпˮϯȫ嶼ֵòҪҪġ
˭뵽ģ°ͣƽ֣ǸɰɵСӾȻĳϢˣīڴѧԺ
ѹϼҸɶɶУԭ˼ǵ㻯ģͲߴɱɱ·ӣ
˵ӱĸУ¼ҵձ档
°ͼҵСǰǸʲôϼ˶֪Ȳһɵı£Ϊɥû񣬼Ÿҩջ
Ӻ˵ɱбɣйջƵģ⻹ȥҳôܵ߸ס
˵Сҳˣ¼үӻеοӻЩѪԣ֪
һʣ֪Ҳû߶Զϸ﹤˼һǿϹܳԹס
ɰѳүˣ߶Ӷϱߺӣӱ㲻¼ˡ
Ҳ߶ӱﲻ¼ˣȴ֮ǰһ
ȷǼҵϾǸ˼ǵ㻯ģǲһ
ȽҵɾǸīڴѧԺͷǶ״Ԫɣ״Ԫһǳ¼ҶǱĲϣһѧӾͷ¡С춼մȾ״Ԫɵٱ㻯䣬аɲ׶ˣ
⻰ԽԽаѾвٶĵļҳ׼㻯ˡ

ȽŸЦһ
ܿԼŬѧϰĽʲôϵ
Ȼйϵ
ӱһɫ
Ҫҽʦֵ䣬Ҳ֪ԼʺϺϲʲôûָ㸴ϰ˵īڴѧԺˣ붼롣
˵˶٣Ȼص
ɤôˣ˷纮ôɳˡ
ȽСűʵö䷢ա
ÿ춼¯ȶҪˣôܵ÷纮
ΪǻϷһСˣﵽ˸ɸɾ
޿ξӺУɫܳɫ׼Χﻹġ֮ȽСžͲˡʼʩȫãɤӶˣɱŲö
֪ǰ֮ڸͷȫΪɲȽСأշ硣
ڲС쵰ˣС쵰ˣûãòĻҪúý¯죬Ժȡϴĸ桢ˡ
ȽСαϴĺܳףԼﰵ䷢ģҲ缫
ˣʵЩСֶλõģУϷħ衣
оĲ࣬һƽƣЩСͶ˰µ״
ޣ̫ˣ
ȽСһǸԼ
£ܸ˽
࣬ȷЩϻ𡣡
ֻúص
ӱȽСŵۣȻĹϵͷ
ɲǣʵ̫ˣһվɣ˵Ϊľٰأ̿غҶضˣ
ϢԴȻ׵ƽ
ʵھҲʲôܣƦķʲô´һܶˣ˭֧˭һϣҪĹôϻ˷ʱ䡣
ǳҺҶ˲վӣΨаľʯȻȣԼûʺϾٰСͻĮֻһԿ֡
ҶҪ˭˭
ؼҺҶҲˣܴû˸߲ңֱߵС
ѡҿвޣıͬˣ׼취߹ϵȡһԭԭⶫҶУҵĲԭһƬʱϾٰһͲҺҶϱ
˭Ӯˣ
Ƚźʵ
Ҷء
ӱ˵
ʤҶ˰кⲫĴӮˣҲʤ
кⲫ
Ƚէࡣ
ûǴҶ֮ǰ˸¥ǱըȰɣⲫսҲǱ뺷
Իԭʯٰඣ
ʣӱ¶һĲ˼顣
췽ô㶼֪ԼĶȣ
㲻Ϊæϻ𣿡
ȽСգ¶ڣæȡ
ⲻ¶
֪ṩһ͵أϵУ˵һԸһЩ¹ܣ
ĿǰȼûԴģҹֻͣ졣ϾڴӺ·Ҳûôã·ĸгʵ̫Σգ¹ʡ
һ㣬ȫ̼֤ĳӱȻҲ֪ģҲһΪȻ
ҪԴͺˡ
ӱ˵
ֻ֮ǰ˵ĿǰĵֻάȼյôټһӦóе˰ɡ
ٺ٣ⲻ֪
Ƚץͷ
ڵƷ棬֪һһרţԴ෢ƣܾһʺϹ걳糧
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ȻڵܵӦýûУȽȴͨʶСͳǸʱǼֱһ
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ǲ˵ЩۺҲԹһЩҿԱܲ
ȽŲ֪Աܲܺţ飬ǸûˮĸιС޵ʵʵĿС
롣
ɣȥʰԪ磬ûȤ⡣Ҫǿұ֮ǰĵ翾¯һģɵ綯̷䣬¶Ȼղÿơ
˵һ£תͷ֪
ˣƣչôˣ

֪ҧ
ƺϲζı˵⹦Ѿе֧һûֵͣ˼
ձãЧȻ֮ǰҪࡣ
Ŀǰʵ̿õѡҷֵϵЩϸǱάͣճ̿Ҳá
˵ţһ±ԼԹ걳ϸϲ
̿һ鷳Ҫ滹Ҫо֧˿⵼֮ĶǸϸ
ѳӱǳֻʧαɹеĶһûѴ̿˿Ū
ְ֮ܰѲеĿ⣬Ȼպܷ⣬ʱųɹһŵ깤ʱǶ۵̧첲ʵ̫ѣ
ԣǳɹ𣿣
ȽС˿С壬ֱ˵ʳԼ⡣
ͨ𣿵𣿡
ˡ
֪ͷ
ҲǸ˼ϸˣ˵ûа죬ʵʵػشȽŵ⡣
ˣĿǰΪֹѾ죬ղȥʱȶӦÿԼһʱ䡣
ˣ֮ǰķ˴æҰڵͷ֮϶Чܺá
ô𣿡
ŶǸ
Ƚ롣
ͨĺۼЩƾһϣķӵҸ㣬ȥյƣ
ޣá
֪˵ͷ
ǵȥ׹ĸΪҰڵĸĻǰˣĸᱣġ
⻰ֱü
֪걳мֵֹû뵽֪ȻҲ׹ĸͽһݵʵڲ
Ǳߡг޸ʲô𣿣
ǶĵҲʮֺ棬һ׹ĸߡ
ԶԶͿһȺſ̽ͷ̽ԣߵǰ˻٣ֵľˡ
ھɢ֪ǿξ˵ĸ١
ξξϸڸҲѶãʱһٶġ
ʱ֪Ȼڵ
е࣬ŵ۾׼
˵꣬ʹŶ߽׹ĸĴš
һ˲䣬񼸺ΪԼɵõˣ
Ϊ֪ڴţû뵽Ȼ˵ģδҲ̫ˣ
е̿˿ȶɢǳɫĹ⣬׹ĸֹεĳ£ԽԵׯء
ͬԾҲú͵Ƶĺ⻹δ۵һִŹεģ͵ȴޱȼᶨĻɫب겻ҡĴĳǶȻܿϵ߲ʹΡ
ԡ
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238 
ȻǴҺĽ
̧֪ͷ㶼ӹ
Ӻ鵽ʲôƽȺءȻܹڶңά۵ĸоȫͬûеһͷĸо
ʵһʼ֪Ҳûô󵨣ոάɻϰߣڶΨΨŵŵϻ̳ϿֵС
ȽŵʦǮóǿȥԼ⣬֪ŸԼǩǷʲôͬ
ԪǹӶǣֲǸǡҸнΪҹ쾭壬ҶһģӻȡҵǮˡ
ʱ֪Ӻ֣ǮóǵĻˣĹˣһλӶ
ȷͺʮֲһĲ˵޵ĹǲܳΪ˵ģΪֻйȨ裬ͨ񼴱գûӪҲܿ꣬ҪôѡΪۣΪ幤Ҫô˽͵͵һЩСܾץ˾ҪΡ
Դ˵ѡǰߣϾյĹΪҲеߵȣͨŮ͵λȫͬЩͬ˲μһЩײĻ;ۻᣬҵõȨĿء
ҲһЩ壬άǰģصԼɫһЩֵĺӣصȻΪԼ֪ɳģӳʼͳΪάۣҲϰƶȣһΪԼø۵Ļƶմմϲ
ֱ֪ĸࡣ
ĸڳǱйôֻ꣬Ϊ߶Ҫع磬;Լһߣ»ΪѧλԱĺ£ùܼɱ
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øĸ׵ֻ࣬Ĺ߶ѣûôͿֱӻٵ
ǧһֱģͶ̥ڹͥһע׸ˡ
Ϊȫ¶û뵽Լһ֮ȻĴţôδɡ
УȻĲ˳
֪еġСǳӱ
걳Ƚæõڸ糡ĻͼӱԼﲻʲôæѡ˵ȥ֡
ȻǱɳƽĶӣɵϳȽźǴ˶֪ݣֻȽɵĺѡ
ӱȽŴӹˣԼҲûʲô߹ٶӵֱīڴѧԺҽã걳вīڴѧԺıҵ˭һʦʦ㣬̬ʮǫ͡
˭֪ԭЭĴ󹦳ʵǸٰĹٻӵܣڵľN
֪ӱﻹЩ˼˵
ڻʵҲв©ҪЩͺˣҲ֪᲻Ӱ
Ѿˣ
Ƚ̲ס˴Ĵָ
ӻǰƣû˵
ܹ100СʱԺʵ˵ʲôҪ򳡣
ʲôǰҩҲв𣿡
֪󾪣ٿӱ͸أҪݰݵ˼
֮ǰ˵ǰҩè֮ɸĹ£ǰ֮ԱΪǰȫΪ˴˵ϵףưѣ
û뵽µ˹Ȼվǰһ֮ǰĵע
Ȼ׹ĸˣ
յ˳1000СʱϨ
ڼ䣬׹ĸķÿͲϣԪˣѲߵʱҲƣһյϡ⡣
ǰȻҲƣûһյܳôʱģһϣʱʱӡеģ
ʱӳ׹ĸĵòŻϨ𽥳Ϊעš
ÿֵصľͬ۱ƽƵĵʱҲһֱˢ¡
100Сʱ
200Сʱ
400Сʱ
800Сʱ
Ϩʱ̵ֻһʧ䣬֮ǻȥ׹ĸһ˷ܡ
1012.3Сʱ
ǵĵ1000Сʱˣɱú͵նˣ
ܿ죬ʵɹϢݳǣظǮϿֵһ϶û˯תȦȦҪһǰ걳죬ۼʶһⲻûҲĵ
Ͼʱõһֱú͵ƵߡļƻȻ͵ݵǮصİǰǮޣڼͳȫԲܣΨۼ֤һ²㰲ġ
ô֮ǰһ۾ͳ̫ˣôҹôô涼Ǻģ
Ǯ˯ţضȦ̲סַ֪ļƻĶ
տ˲ҹƤʶģҪ˯ȥ⴫΢ĽŲ
˯ô
ղŻûУûӦ˯ˡôˣ
һ⼱ġ

ǮϿ˲ˣԲεɶȷ´Ьҵš
ʲô
˱һǰһӡŵݵǰ
أģ˵Ǽ

ǮϿתӡȡֽտбɫء
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ʦүӴûǮصı飬ոմ˸¥¼ѾݳҲûУ˶ʱз˵Ҫ¡
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һӺ󣬴ϵ˿ظȻǮϿõһ˵ϢϺ̫Ĵһʱִݸۣ
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ô죡
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֪Ϻ̫ڱѲѲĻʼųǣҲ͵£ߵĻ·ôȻ͸أ
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ӺϾйҾ֣ڽϵǻ֮ǰһֱһ᧿Σ״̬Ȼûбģάֵƽµǰ
Ϻ̫ҪӾǵ·;ңԶҪ;жϲطҲǱʵ͸ص
ǮϿһۣеĹϡ
ôŹ̫˵İţΪľǷֹ;˽ȡѶϢǰá
ִƳȨĹؼȻ׵ȴ̫֧֣ɹķѵĳֽոʧأչҵӺ˼Ԫ
ӺӢ彭ȻˣȻҪȫˡֻҪʥϷ⣬ļλ˵ǸʲôƢԣҪֻۡӹĻʵۣЩ˾˷ϣ
һ˲䣬ǮϿϽִС
һʱԺһҲ۵ĿʹϢͣݸ7ͷӴһ޵Ḿˣ̧ͷ˿Ѿǰס
ƽˡ


239 

̺ؿΧľɫ
Ȼ֪ȽʦϼңҲѼѼͻʵĵط
Ϊ֧Ԯҩģĸ˵ʮȷΪԼ͹ⶼ档

Сʵ۶ĸʮģ֪㹻ˣϾǰҩǴӺյľҩǮȻܹ࣬һЩҩƬģȱ߾ʿ
ָдĸѲñ֮󣬱Խǿˡ
غ䣬һ޼ʵĿҰϷХϣȴ񾩳ǵķôºͣķǺ⣬̫ղĵطԽԡ
غܿࡣ
߳ǵߣԽԽ캣ҶȴѾѩ
ڱḻũͳæҲڴ˵ذľסȻټһƬҰ߳ﶼ̣͵͵ռ˶֪
Сʵ뷨ҲǺܲ⣬ڸĸǰҶ·ϣۿ˱ѺŸո͵Խϣǲ
Щ˴ǱŵﷸϣǴ󹫰ˮһӳԼĹȣ
̾ŵͦصģôܰԼҵúھӼأЩ˼ȻǾӦɷĹشãЩ׶֮ͽ쵽ھӼңⲻǻ𣿣
ʵҪĿҲȫǻˡ
ʱѺ˵һУε˵
ǱֵľԱĵոոйǨơǷԽߵĻƶҪÿ춼æ
ҲڳϼСͯɰУ˼䡣
Щúܣ͸ɽϵҰһһͻᵽˣռɽΪò˶þܰѸúõĴ͸ûˡ
鷳ǣǻɽǱߵϣ๴ԷṩǵĲѲ·ߡҪǺˣǻǣȥ˵ԼϷأ˵ϹֱһȺ
У߶֪ǰĸӾǴӺĶˡ
˲Ƕǻô
̺ʵ
Уȥյ˸ŮСȫûеֿʱЦŴ
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Сʵ۷̵˵ͷ
ĸ˵Ǻʹڴżõȥ˱֣ɢӺռصĻԣҪЩǸ˹ͬԸӺ
ǵĸʱЦһ˵Ϊ˱Ѫͳǽ׳ɻ飬˼·һֱ˵ĲһϣǺеԶɹˣ˭˵Ϻлսһ
Ҳ˵ܵö͸ŵһǿѾͲ㣡οڴӺĲǺսҪľʣĴӺŷϸ棡
ĽҲϷԣʹνġ񡱴ڣ˵кͼġеţں޵ķתֱ£ۿͣĹĴֻߡ
߹󡱵ĺҲûѺ˵ƽȵĴڣͱֲ԰ūһ㡣Щӵںҵʱ򲻵Ϲ޶ǵë¶˭̣Ҳѹе
ִϢҪ¬нս¬ŮһھܾҲ֪˫̸ʲôߵʱŮ̬ȾȻǿλŮʱһС
ʱСʵĸվڶߣźϷӿİɫĴˣһһػʯ
ĸ˵İبŲ䣬ȴΪҪб仯ˡ
̲ĸĺ壬ȴóĸƺż֮󻹴ȥ˶˿Ϻ
أϺĺ𰡣Ҫ̫ϾԴζҪˮ
ĸ˵ҪĸǴ˲ͳϵҤۣȻҤһ·£ŴӺѵĺߣһ·ݳǡ
˵ҤۣСʵﻹһ˲ţ
ԭûģΪвԭӺش󶼼ȻҤֳȺţи𰲱ĽҲʮ־ȡ
һʲ֪ԭίԪΪｨĲԷѰҺţֵʱԪĻ;Ҥۣ˵ظոչر߽ʿȱţʳԵͼ˲ţָפ
еƣʵҤǽ˼שȻȻɹһ
ȫޣ
ҤУһ˷ܡ
ûݳЩ߽߱ǽǵԼޣⳤÿ컹ʵأīڴѧԺũƵĽϰ˵ǵ̷ҲɣĲݾƳɸϣţ򲻳⣡
˵óװӵ
Ǹң̿ӣۡ
вıһӺӻĽˣϱó̻ڳţ飬Щ̻ѾرСʳоͺ
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뿪ҤʱĸͰ۴ϣһ·˶
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Сʵ͵͵ĸ˵
ȽʦѼѼҲҪ
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´ʱСʵԼһͰҤزţۣĸߡ
ӭʥݵȻǮϿʹСʵ۶ǮϿԲԲֵĿشӺֵһҡ
ǮϿѾڿظ˷ʢͣСʵͳУʲô档
뾩ǵķòʮֲͬΪº֮ͣǰǷ֯Խ·ϵİմ󶼴ż򵥣ͼȴʮرʮбط顣
Сʵۻ˺üֳҴʻھǻϡ⣬ݳеİȻֲ֣ż˿һ۱תߣûפΧۡ
Ϊȼڶеˮ¥̨ȵµı
ͬ򵼵ǮϿЦŸʥ˽͡
ЩЩסڶǳڱĳÿһͻѲ顣
Ϊ޴̣ߵĹæòɿѾʼ൹ɻˡ
һ˵ȼСʵ۱ǮϿȽʦ
ǮϿһ¡
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Сʵ۵۾һӾˡ
Ƚʦ˵˵£ѼѼ۾Ҳ
Ƚʦɹ
ΪİѼѼѵһΣĸҪȥ걳죬ȥȽʦʵ䡣
̫ûоܾӵҪ
걳찡ԭǶ̾ĵطԴݱֳǹ鵺ͱӺİͼ
ĵطոʧأΨй걳Ŀһʱ̫ܲĶ
ʵϣҲܺ档뿴˵еˮɽĵ׳ʲô౨˵Ƚɵ׽еһˣ
ǣӺĸӶݸۻһҾӭźϳֺգŹ걳𷢡


240 
Ϻ̫ҪϵȽŵȻһʱյϢ
յϵפҲյˣȫԱʼǰá
ڹ걳ϵ˶Ǿģס֪֪ףֻҪע뵺ߵķͷͿˡ
󲿷־ʵ֪ҪĴﵽ˭ֻǰͰԼĹ˼̫ࡣ
ȽŲһ
ϵҪݷȽʦ˵Ƚʦ˰Ƚеܳ
û뵽ѽ
뵽ǽλ¹ɵı£ȽžͺΪʲô
֮ǰѾ˱ѼѼȼʺСޣһֱڹ걳ûл£֮ǰЩС߿϶òˡ
ţµҪúá
Ƚϴνʱ̫Ҫ󡪡Ǻʢʱ򣬲ɥ־ҲҪ̫ѧ
һ֪꣬ڿϲѧˣ
Ƚ룬Ǿ²ιԼĵʵ䡣
ΪŸģͶʵ飬
ĵʵҲȶĹ硣
ȽʶʱģõԶ˸ӿ㲩ܿƳһϵ֪Ŀϡ
籨ͶӰͶӰȤڸͶӰԭ֮ʼԼȽŵԭʼ棬ѾԼ˵ӰӳĳΡ
Щֵֹõ豸ڶӻһѻȽŵʵ䡣ȽžԼӲһ£úÿһԶı£˳ΪӦһƹ㡣
ϵСʵۿǲ֪Ƚʦڸ׼һ硣
˻еͰڼװԶ⺣ľɫֻһжʮϡ档
⺣һ·ĻһĺԸܶǱããһƬ׿졣
ĸ˵֮ǰǱռݵĵطܾԹ걳Ϊݵ㣬ʱʱҪ͵ϮǵĶͼ뵺ǴӺϲϣصúúܾͲܿӺأغסİվܺú
Сʵھڰ˵ǲ׵£εı֮д
ҪڼгԺȲ㣬˭Ը뿪ȥຮıأ
ȻûеطʳֵҲǷǳ£ҪũİæǸܿôĶû˵ؾͻ̻ģԽԽûԸסõػߣ͵ڴӺĲƸ
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˵ޣ¾ͲҪӲţҪ취ȥǿǲкýģ
СʵٶȼᶨԼ뷨
Ҳ̫󿴲Ȼ϶ҪŶӵĶѵ߼ôģǷţ༰
ںƽȵʻһʱܿ죬Զ캣ӵĵط¶һںɫأէһЩǺиԵꡣ
Ǳǹ걳ˡ
ǮϿЦŸ̫ͽϽܡ
ڵפ³ĶԶͧһ׽ҪԶѲΡ
ͧǲͿͧǶ촬ԼĳƷ촬ҲڵϣΪ˰ȫͼܣĹģ󣬴ʲôǴӷả룬ֻڲҵĸװ
촬걳ϻԪĵʵ䣬ɺ޻س֪ȽɺҲУ˵Ѿɹ
˵ǮϿѵЩǡ
֪ûȿݣҲûʵڻ֪νġ硱Ǹʲôʤʵεúܡ
Сʵ۷Ǹº͵СȻǮصĻ˵֮ǰڹмλʦڵĵ֪ʶ
ڵ磬ʵǰīڴѧԺĽϰ׵˴ҺҲѧԴΪо󣬲ɹ˻ηֵء
Ϊɱԭ򣬵ֶʼûͨ˵ںҼѧʣάǵĳ뿿Ż෢ÿѧѧĻԱݣҲǿгɹɴӺ֪ˡ
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Сʵ۾ԼеͰ
ҤţģǺģѡţóҲúȣϣԺҶܳԵ
⻰˵ǮϿӯͨһ¹ڵأߵлʥ
ڵĹԽԽ࣬ǮϿΪȻ²ײÿСȻӣȽõǱȻҪϵȥ֡Ǯæֵ鶼ûˣոǶ绥ѹԶó׶ǮϿҪӲˡ
ɵһȺɵ
Ϊڶѹۣ治˺Ⱥ𣡣
ںΪսҶҵ㣬߱㹻ĶΪʲôҪԼ໥ʹӣǩ˶׬Ǯͼʲô
Ǯţݺݷг硣
ǻӰѾˡѣҪ߱Լг̻ʵ̫࣬ɱҲװ
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˵걳ˣȻмֵڿξ˺ü춼ûͨĹϣ걳ϵĺһһӾüĿ
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ȻǲⱾ󶼰װʡˣϽ⡣
ҪĳЩƷĳ˰ۣǿƽ۳۸Լ׬ݲۣ
ǮӻɣλʥѲӹ걳ĻƱԽڡ
ϵ֮ȻӲפӺ
ϵľ֪ɿξͬľȻǱӺ̫󣬸ѣԭѵصкԽ죬ƽʱ˲֪ٱ
ǱСʵڴ￴ڸװĿͧ˵ĶغѼѼǲģ÷̸оʮС
ڴģȽʦļ档
ͳСʵһٺӵСԺӣȽʦվſЦеص
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Сʵ۸˵ػ֣Ȼ־Լͥڲֹ֣ϳɵվãֻһ˫۰Ͱ͵Ƚš
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ȽЦŸ̫СʵȻŶλʥСԺߡ
һţСʵ۾ͱͷһյҵע⡣ûֵĵƣԲԲĵ滹һʮ֡
Ƚǣ
Ƚźϵբ
ƣ˲䱻ˡ
һʼֻ΢Ӻ𽥱ǳɫ
˶յڿºͼССһ
⡭ʲôƣ
ǵơ
ȽЦŽ͵
ʵܼ򵥣ͨȣĵ˿ȵһ̶Ⱦͻᷢ
ǼɣڸҲᷢ⣬žһĵ
жϵԴ˿ȴͲᷢ⣬ڲﲻˣʹҲȽϷ㡣
˵ȽֹرյբȻѸٺˡ
СʵۿȤѧȽʦģԼ˼Ρ
Ķʱʱнֹ޳ͣʱóɾ͸б
ƣǸöѽ


241 
Сʵһ򣬺ȻԼţæܻȥͰֱ
ȽʦǸ
Ƚһ㶣æл
߹
Сʵ۵۾һһģڴĹâ
Ƚеֲסʧ㵱Ͱ
һ룬һɴ
Ƚʶһ
ţţ飿
ǡۣ
ǵģ
СʵСֱص˵ͷ
һԵĴܹЦŸȽŽ۵֪ʮ־档
̽ͷ̽ԣʱʱȽţһлҪ˵ģ
֪ǻѪͨĴӺ˻вģվȺʮԣ쳣̫ܿĿ⡣
ѾϵŮ΢΢ۣ
λǡ
ޣǸоܵĽʦ֪ĸǶˣǰʱԪĴӺ޹ġ
ǮϿæ̫ܣ˳ָ֪һ
һûͷûԵģҲῴϿɫֵĳ𣿣
һ˵֪оܵĽʦ̫˼ζЦ⡣
֪Ȼ֪ǰλ˵ǸʲôݣҲɵӣǮϿʹֵܶϹϾģдŲµĸӿ϶ǴӺĹ塣
ܽü׶Իش⣬̫֮ǰΪʲôͰʱЩ˼˵
Ƚ˵øߵţۣںҲǺܰʳ
ǰʱȽ˿䣬ʱǻ˵ҪɹޡһΪ˺ܶţ򣬵ȴû취Ѻúȵţ䵽޳˸ҲۣⶼԶرĲҲǴԱֽ׳ؾҪ綯̷ۺɹޣôȽıҲԳţζˡ
֪ⷬϢ󣬵ȴ߼ҪΪڴӺļԦûô
ǻ˼Ҷˡ
ۺܺá
ʳƷǿǡ
Ƚܹţת۵Ļ
Գţ顣
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Сʵۺϲۣĸһֱڽ̵ܱ¶Լϲá
ǴӺˣһʲôмӣôп϶ͶãʱĻǰա
СʵʱʱͻᱻĸʵۣסԼҪҪһ۵뷨ֻ¸Ƚʦİ
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˵ţȽߵʵһǣһľǵķιӣȡһСԲͲ
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ǰЩţţҲһЩ̡֪ĸǺ޵ҳһֺ޵㣬øλ³
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Сʵ۵۾һӾˡ
ˣҤۺͲշţԶ϶Ҳţ֡
ǲİغ;ǺСʳǲö촢ı飬ٽţ͹ʣȵˬ
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Сʵ۵ʶдϣȽŵȻϸλ½˴𰸡
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Сʵһֱ۰Ͱ͵ؿţڵȵԼеؽӹһСУССĵһףС
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Ϊ˼ӵԵʣбʵʮϸ壬пУ΢һѹȫڻΪ㴼ţ顣
⡭̫óˣ
Сʵ۵۾ģһ׽һСУܿһб㱻Եĸɸɾ
ҪҪȴֹ̫˶
бȻóԣҲʵʵĺСӳԶθ᲻
磬Ʊܷȣܷ⣿
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вȫͬںڻͺú̿ҪһЩķռ䣬ʹʮֱ
˵ţλʥߵ˲Զ
Ƚʵ丽ķȻҪΪṩʵʹãʵ鱾Զͨõ࣬Ե糧ľ߹ģ
һ׹ĸ֪оԱǿҪȽٲԸҲΥҵ
̫ϡ棬īڴѧԺһĿгȻͨһ˹͵糧ȺȦȫ
ȽҲΡ
ֻøλʥ˽һ׹ĸ֪һͣ˵֮䣬ĸһ㡣
Ҫ֪ķߣֱ̫ҪΪǸҰװŪŪա
Ҫ˵һֻһȻľ߼ִʦʣ˵𷢵ԭҲͷͷǵ˲òŷ
Сʵ۶ɵˡ
һȷѵĻƣҪѺܶ˼ȥ۲ϡ
ѾҵһʵĹ۲ǸڵСᵽīڴѧԺѧĸᰲīڴѧԺһԱʱȥ۲ڡ
һ룬Сʵһ߸ȽʦĽŲڷ糧ιۡ
ȽʦͶӰʾһĶƬСʵۿýζҲûоʮ־档ϾֹӰɵĻͺʹͳƤӰϷ࣬ƤӰϷһ׳ϷͶӰĶƬǶƬѡ
ĵģǵ籨ĳ


242 
ǵģڶһСϣʵѾϢصһ̨ߵ緢
ȻҲƽ޹ʱģۻңԶʱգһξͨУСԲ˺ڻͼӹҪ㣬ᵽһֵѧ֪ʶ
ȽΪīڴѧԺԱڴԺ֭ΣĳЩҪҲܶá
ʵϣʹڵʱգڵŲĴڱ֤ᡢ˹ڶ̶̼üªĹ߷ֱ˿ʵõߵϵͳߵʵӦڼϲѡ
֮ǰȽ첻Ϊĵѧ֪ʶ治ڵŵĴֻģĸһ֪պÿֲ
֪˵ݡС裬ȻʮֲִڣȴѾ߱˻ԪĳΣԳ򵥵ĵ·ˡ
⻰˵򵥣涯ֵʱ򣬻˲ѡ
һѾͨž롣
Ƚøѹ𻨷ŵʱĵźţеǽṹ򵥣лԪͿ֡ȱҪϸߵĵѹĵŲȫƵʣЧʺܵͣҪǿķ书ʲֲǸ顣
ڣˡ
ļղֺ̿˿ղӹܵıҪһ˿ѧСͳѽеһ㳣ʶȽСţҪע˿û뵽Ȼߵó
Ȼ걳ߵҲȫȻģ£֤ߵĽպͷԺȽźСһԭʼ˵
֪˵-ݶԵŲгѿƵ׵ߵܼеխƵϣ˸ţ˴Чʡ
Ƚŷ˽ԴøΪЧʵ״ߣ󽵵˰װѶȡ
ҲҪģǴѡ˶̲źš
ȽСŵˡ
ڵŲʵǺ޵һЩѧҸ翪ʼоķչ̫ѸͣиܻýϴԺ޵ĿѧǸעӦãܲһʮŵ򣬸˵ѧˡ
ֻģؾòԽԽ䣬ҲԽ԰ۣΪȡøͨž룬ȽӦѡӲ
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ƻķѾ޴Ƚûͬ⡣
֪̲źſԽеĵ֮䲻ϷģֻҪõϵľ˵뵺ǣ޵ıҲ⡣Ҷ̲źŲҪʵķԹߵҪҲ࣬Ҫ̫ʽͶ롣
Ƚž֪ԥͳӱһԹ
ʲôŲߵɶģֲȫʵĻǿˣһֿʵ֡˳Ļء
ӱ׹ĸĵʣȥ鿴Ȼֶһ˳Ĺǰһ
ѲߵľżȻһ񣬴󾪣ȥ֮۷׷ףԪµ
׹ĸˣ˳Ǹʲô˼ѵȽҪ䣿
֪ջǱȽ˵ˣӦһо̲
һŷ֣̲ĺôԶ׼ķ䣬̲ĹֻҪߣ֮ǰΪƵĹʱȼֱ΢
˷⣬Ŀնˡ
ߵķͽǸ˫ΪźͳȥףԶĽն˳ɹ׽Чֱ棬鼼Ĺؼ
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ĩڶ̲ʱ̬仯ǽ첨ԭЩ׼ȷ׽չֶ̲ı仯Ҫʵ֤ġ
һΣ֪˳Ƚż˳ӱ
˳ѧӱﱾ˾ѧļشʵûвɹģ
ǳӱ￪ʼԹʵ飬д¼һԹҲûС
ĳһĳһ磬ݵĳӱȻӴһԾָо·ʲôҪ鼴Լ˷ܺͻ̿ɲڷȥ
Ҫȥʵ䣿ȥ˺ҲʲôȥֺĻš
ӿ죬ӱﻹԥʱĽѾԾţʵķȥ
ȵʵ䣬־ˣʲôֱ˷ʱ䡣
ڿ˵ĳӱвǰʵɨһȻġ˼¼ִӲֿ͵һϡŹֵĲȡűطʵϡ
Ȼܸɵʲôأ
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ҶѾˣǲʵ飬°Ĳ϶һ°ɣڶɵ㣬һϵսҲҪǲʺϻҪѰһأ
ǣĸʼأ
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ʹӵһͭʼɡ
ͭŶĳλоԺĵɹõͭƬɣĿΪ
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Ȼ˳˵ڶ
һ鰵ɫľʯźͨĿʯҲۡ
ʯϵıǩעǦпзֵһֿӲ飬ô
ӱڿұһϲͨͰذѿʯʵȻ˿ء
һ룬ָȻͶ

ӱۣȷԼûп
Ƕ˰ȷǶ˰
Ӧٶȡɱ֮ǰ̫ͭ࣡
øϽţ
ǳӱرջȥȽŵСԺƴš
ŵ˲ˣ֪λͭʦҲ鿴˵ӱ﷢һֶԶ̲ӦʮϣʦֶʮּѾӾʵܡ
ԵȽźͳӱϵʵĴţԶԶ洫˴˷ľ̾ͻӱ飬Ϊ֮ǰҲͬʦȻ˼ø࣬ͭ־ڽն̲Ĺеᷢ仯ܿڲṹиı䣡
ô棡ֻΪյ̲仯̲ʧḴԭ񱻼ѹһ
ǦпзֵġȲǦҲпֿʯʲô
ҲǺǦߺпĿ֮ǰȽɲҲԹǦ
ǦЧãȽ˵ģ϶Ǧ
Ǧп󣿡
˶
пࡣ
Ѿ֣ȴʼûʲôôҲӡ
2ſʯֱ࣬ǻʱķ֡ྦྷ徹Ȼڶ̲շ
ȽأȽĶ
ʦֳɤӴ
Ƚ뵽һð취


243 
İ취ܼ򵥣ʵǰЩʯ취ǶȽŵĵ·УΪõĿء
뷨ʵּ򵥣ΪɲԺܴⲻЩ߰Ŀۺ𣿣
ΪѰʺϼ첨ĲʣֲϺͿרҲյ̲籨зС飬ȽСŻһִԲ
Է˿ӱȽ˵ʲôš֮ͬС飬ҪΪۿ˵·ĵԿԳϨĵŨĺ档
ΪϵרţȻ˵˿ɸѡСĸˡǸᶨĽɣܾԺ͸µĽ˿ǵѡ
ΣͭˣĽ˿װܸ֪̿˿һһɡ
ô
̿ʵ࣬ΪʲôȽ˿ܿ
ⷽרţΪʲô췢֪صȽŶҪͨ͸
һġʲô
˵ӱ﷢ܹԶ̲ӦĿʯĵһӦǡˡС
Ƚź֪ҲͰˣϾһīڴѧԺĸ߲һںѧԺͶӱô£ѵ첨ĲſڵĴײˣһץһţ
뵽Լ֮ǰѰҵ˿ʱͼ̲סٴһɡ
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˿ǰͼ첨
ǲŻû˸ô죿
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ҲʯͷҲãÿ嶼ԼôûжʱûҵһʺϵĵطĹעڲס
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֪֣޲ûиӵĻᣬֱصӺŷⷢȡ
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죡죡һҪĿ죬ĺã
и˳һ㣬Լ֮Իվڹ걳죬žΪ̲ĴڣѾʼ˼ܴڵԴԼɳʯҪôᴿˣ
ʵĲֹһˣ̲СĺܶԱһ̶һ뷨ԼĴҲǾΪ˼֤ΰʱ̵ĵ
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̫ԼҲīڴѧԺѧԺϰߺףȻʵ롣
˵һپ䲻һʵ飬֤ԭʲô˵
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Ķ̲ȻԸմźţ첨ܲ׽ȴǴźŵһЩҪյźŵ˰Щʵ¼
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ȽŹظ̫ʹ÷Ծ˳ȥֻ°ݶһȺˡ
ĸ󡣡
СʵۺȻ֣ĸ׵½ǡ
ȥĸѶϢòã
̫עŶӡ
ƽȥձ
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Сʵصصͷ
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Ȼ˵Сʵ۶Խ˸߲ҵظȽŷʵ䡣
ŵʱʶؼӿ˽ŲʶԼЩڼУʧһ֮ӦеĴݣָĳСʶ͵ȽŵΧ˵ķӦ
Сʵʵ̫ɰˣȻǼװ
Ƚʵ䣬ٴθĸ׼Сʵ۲ȡнŵļ¼壬ױһĸ׸ǰ
ĸ
̫ӹ¼忴˿üȻԽʮ־ȡ
µԼڹϲһӰƽֻһΣؾȻһ㲻ضдˣ
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Сʵֵò㿪Ҫǹ˼ΪϣСʵۺ˽ĸ׵ĻΧĸתȦȦ
˵˵
ĸ˵һûУ˳̫


244 
СʵֻǵڻشȷϲУ̫ʹ޿ξøԶһע۹ȫͨѶ磬һ˼̲ھº鱨ϵӦá
ܴⷢԶ
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ҪǽϺ̫û걳죬ʵԭҲ׼ԽջĽܾнһĲԵģصڶȡǵԷΧ
ԵĻýһ̨ȥޣԶ̲Ч
ĿǰĿֻͨݣ̾ĸ½ؿʹŸ룬ַʽʱͨѶ
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ܽ͹걳֮300м˴󺣣ܹ֤磬ôڰѶ߱ǵĳʱ
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ͬܰѴصԶó״ϣôͿԼʱյԺ޵鱨õȴֻ
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ŵĶص̰ģսҲֻͨսϣɹӮ˺޵ս£ôȨֻһͣǱʱս

ھӦȽҲѪڡ
Ŀǰ̨ܵʺƵʵӰ죬ԤͨѶֻ2000ڣԶղźˣ̫ҪԽʱͨѶĿǰġ
Ҳ罨ʷߣڱ߾м֮ģǹ
ǰ󶼱ˣΪ߻ǷͶ޴󣬶ޣмЧȽŻоĿǰصĻѰʺطĲ
̲԰СṩϣҪǽر͵㲨֡еԵ粨һληԽԶͨţȴеĶ̲ܱ䣬ҪѡʺϵĹƵʡڵҹͬʹòͬĹƵʣ
ΪʱĹϵСṩֻлԭƵѡҪȽ̽
Ҳǹ¾ս̫İ壬ƿƶߵ̨ѾΪ걳ϵһҪ񣬼ѧƵĹԱ˽ѧƲӱҲܼĹ
˵ӱﻹһȤ¡
ӱոȽϵʱԪʵҲֻȽĺѣûɹ顣
ӱС͸ˣҲʲô⣬ԹظȽɰæ
ɻΪֵ͵ڵ˲żüõʵʵۡеĴӰӱڵסһ£˵ͷ̧ͷȴʼû֪Ǹʲôͷ
ֱһΣӱżȻԳʯҵʺ첨ĲϣҲ֪Ʋ۵˾Ȼŷ˻ǰҩ
͡еѧˡ
˴ӱ񶼳顣
һǻǰڶ
˵ǿɣҲʵһ֣ȻôıʱĶСӸˣ
ѧǿѧѧʱҲҪһһתۣѧˡ
û֪Ϊ춼ڰ׹ĸôˣϻĳ飬ⲻӦô
ӱΧȻŵĿ⡣ԱȽɵ֣ҲҸȽⲢ˶Ŀźʹѡ
ĳһճӱȥʵɻȻֺܶоԱѧһֵֹĻ
͡ʲôĶУҪѧ˵Ļ滭ˮƽòص㻹ܿģԱп룬ֻ۾۽´ȡ
е˱ŸֵĶڵݡʪұƿȦȡϡŹ֣廨ţƵͳһȫ껭бԪͯӡ
µļ𣿣
ӱЩŹ֣ЩԵģʢУһʱҲûô⡣
ֱϴʱվھǰԼ
ӱܳ


245 
 5ſͷ
Ķࡤɭһƣݡ
˻ʵ̫ˣǿͻװڵԶ;͸֧ȫѾܶ궼ûôխĿͲˡ
Ҳû취£սѾձ˺ޣͬ˸˶ԷĺϺ·ΨԶĴͨСĴַּ֣ͺ֣ǵĴǲܽӺģӺֻԼĴ뾳ЩǻֻΨһѡ
Ķ໹ǳһ
ļڱ֣ǺһȷᣬȴΪս˴
ʳ﹩һһˣΪ㲻㹻ۣ궼Ъҵʳĵǰ͹ֻʣ¿̡
ɼҲɲֹ˶֡˳ҹҿ˳ȫ˼־ϣϴҽֱꡣ
£˿ͷͻŵһЧӦӶĵ̱ңսĿֲͽڼϵľҲʧȥǣֵҹԽԽΣա
ĶϴӺʱ򣬱ֳеפոĶӻ˵˯һþˡ
Ķȴûֹۡ
ʵϣΪֻʱסֵĻңȴ޷Ӹֵ⡣
Դͬ˻ʵʩ˺޴Ӻֲ԰ȡԴʳͨҲʼԽԽͨ޵ʳ﹩˺ܴ⡣
ֱϴٵĴǷʳ̣ûȶȡʳ;ôפĻǹҲ޷ֹȺƻٴζ񻯡
ΪһɷӵĸףĶǺܲʱ뿪ǰġ
û취ܹʩ޸˾˾֧нˮ޶СΨһ̣ûоܾĻᡣ
ܹ뿪սصĺǰƽƽĴӺԺܶ˵õĻᡣҪĶ˵ĴӺٻӺʩ޸˾ӵĿгķȱֲһвְԱ
ȥɡ
̫̫Удżʡ
һܺõĻᡭǱ߰Ҳ԰ҺͺǶȥ
ߡٿԹЩʳʼĻúǳԱӡ
սߵҲԾ˵ٶġ
ʱִ󶼻ᱴֳǣڰʱӵԲľ֮ĳҲͲڡ
ڵĺ˵ÿһʳﶼģΪȵһʳӿŻ֪Ҫˡ
ȥɡ
Ķ̫̫ظס
ҲڴӺ֮ǰۣǱǺúлл
Ķͷ
ǰѧУһӺԱĶĴӺٻǸѧģʱһǱֳǸ֮ҵүһǱɷѧͶĴӺѧӣ˵ĹϵȻʮֲ
ڳɹѧУҵǰ˻ͨŵַô꣬һֱϵ
û뵽ʮˮתɾ˽յĻᣬҪǰļˡ
ɭˡ
Ķ౻ͬٻѣæ첽׷˵ĽŲ
ŵķ룬ҪĹкܶ࣬ʵûʱڻ֮С
֮ݰ˵ɡ
ƾŴѧĴӺٻĶɹ⵽һֳ
ʩ޸˾ľ죬Ķһˣ͵ͳǺݳдУ˸оԼ۾Ҫˡ
⡭Ǵ˵СĴӺ𣿣
ƽ̹ĲߵķɿֳûҲúڣںֻаúͳͣѵݳӦضúͳ𣿣
ݳǵĽֵɾϸĵĻ·ͳ·֡г·ȻֳǶʯӺʯשﲻ֪ʲôʵĺɫ·ƽ̹ȥƽȵоκε
·ߵĽ־Ҳʮְݡ
ؽֵĵŶǿŵģŸʽƷóӶģȫѷļ󣬽˵Ҳƽʹݡ
ǵĹҲֳ̣ǱҪأ
ظп
Ķ࿴˵ˣεӣһλĹ˾߲㡣
⻰ҲȫţϾҲһʱִ󶼻ᣬÿ罻ֱȫĿģÿӶ罻ڳоٰ죬·ϵúͳĶǺ쵱Ȩװεö൱Ļ
֮£ݳһɫĺɫֳԵøӣ籴ֳ涷ޡ
˵ʲôˡ
ʳԣܿʲôҵᡣȨ̸ڽУֻЩúͳȴٳ֡ΪʡǮ̣ڶѡ˸˵
һ뵽˵ͼ临ӡ
˵Щ˻˵ģʱܹıֳǺսصĺݣʱİȫ
Ȼˣ˻һƬ½Ӻ;λ˻ãϾҵ׷ʣµĶְͨԱĻǶԼ˵ĵǣԼ»Ļֺ̿ͽǡ
ڴӺͣã
ķ
Ӻ᲻ҲҪ̣
գһʱЩơ
ţֽ˵ҲȫϹ࣬طȻ̼ܾȻ·ߣѪȲ̲˵
Ҳ֪ʲôǷʲô´½һ棬Դ˷ܵĵָ
ǿ쿴һģûأ
˳ָķ濴Ȼ·һЩֵΧˣ涼вƵԲҲ֪ʲôõģӺ˵ֻܿһΨһԹͨĶࡣ
ʣʲô⣿
һǻŹֵĴӺٻ˾ѯʣ˾ףЦŴ
Ŷǵƣġ
ߵ·ǳеÿ춼кܶ˺ͳҪûйŵ׷¹ʵġ
·˪ǱҲеƣҪṩѧ޶á˵иĽ·װƣˣԼҶһյ
硤ơ
ĶظİĴʻ㡣
ȷԼûĿɬķմӺٻʵ˼ָܿһֵƣһá硱Ļԡ硱Ϊȼϵĵơ
Լ⣬򵥸ͬǷһ£˶ʮ־棬˵ӺȻǸֵĹȣú͵ƾȻҲôߣҪǵûǻҪµӣҪӻ
ͳ˾ȺߴʲôȻ϶ЦһһĸԷ͡
ʲô¡ò£Ǹ糧ߵĵƣÿֻҪ糧Ĺ˿ϵբܵϨҪô
Ⱥˡû氡


246 
û桱ĺˣ̫ɽԺȻյ˾š
ǡǸôˣ
Ӵ󾪣ָŴһŵû˵ˡ
סڿջ㣬˵Ҳʮ׸ߣʱûûȥ
Եôģ
Ӧڵ˵װá
ʩ޸һʦŴĵ顣
ҿֵĲƺǲȶлհ
˶٣ֿĶࡣ
Ǹ˾ô˵ģʲôƣ
DIANơ
Ķ಻֪ôǸdianķԸɴ롣
DIANʲô
ʣĶҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪ǸӺ˾˵ģӦȼϰɡ
ȼϡ
ȼϡ
뵽Ǵͷ˵ֳ
Ķʩ޸˾ְԱʩ޸˾ǺĻе̣ˮƽõҲóĳԲһú»ء
֮˵úΪںֻ˾úͳܹ޹¯úڣúʱ¹ϵ¶ȼϣû뵽˰ĴӺȻҲˡ
ƽ˾ͼֽ𣿡
һʦСʵ
Ҳúͳܰʲôʱúͺúһ۸ˣ
̫û;Ͷֲšܿ죬Ӻܾ찾סˣ˻ȥϢµ˵
Ķڴϣȥӱ
ƣ񿺷ܡһۣǰ͸ֳ翴ЩоؽЩĿĵ̣Ѿĳ
кܶʳܶܶ࣬ҲҪŶ
Ķ෭һµ𣬵ŴͶ·ƹһ·¶ʲôġ
ôЩӦûûŰɣҪڸϹȥ˵ҪĶ
Ӻ޳һҲһˣҲ֪ôˣӺͺûгԱů
ϾҪ붬û㹻ʳú̿»Ѱ
һ뵽ӺͺǣĶҲסһ¾ͳš
һţڵҲſˣʦҲ룬һڴؿ
Ķһ㶣ܿ˶Է˼
ԼеˣλͬҲһǶְͨԱȲóܾӼҵ׷񣬹ҲҪһʱɹƷͻغޡ
Ȼ˸ʰ˱صͷϢ뿪˿ջ
˵ҹǣѾٽҹеҵϻܿ
Щ紬֣Ŵֻͣݸ۵ɹǰҪϻͷ𺽳
Զó׵Ĵнʷ񣬳Ҳʮ£ΪȺˣӳӪҵ賿
ȻӳӪҵǰ˵Ĺܹһ̶⡢ټϸѲߣ̻ŸҷĴ󵨵⡣
Ķ˸ϵʱһ֮ݸബֺͳ˿ͶץʱɹĶ˻Ҳۡ
Ǵ̽һ£־ȻһҴĿĵؾȻǺ޵Ķŷۡ
ŷǾ뱴һۿڣҪͨ͵ŷǵļȫԸȥͷȡֱŵĻᣡ
һʱ䣬˶Ҵ˿ûдھƵһѶĻȥڱֵļ˾Ͷһֱϡ
ǵϣ̾壬˷ģʽ
ۣ
⣿
ףﾹȻиң
˼һߴߴûǸԲεĶʮ졣
˵Ӻûţ飬ӺҲϰʳƷôָң
Ǹû
ƹЦǺǵ˵
Ϊ˵⣬ƹˮƽͻͽҪĶĿİͰ͵ĴӺ룬Ҳ˼˵˼
ǸϵãڲԷɽĸң͵ˮ˾ûˡ
ңȻǸң
˶һۣȿֺǮҪ롣
ϰֵǵ⡣ⶫӺ˻ǲϰߣƽʱ˲࣬ҪǿȺˣǻҪѹһʱء
˵ѾѸΪѧõҲҪʱţƷǿ塣
˵ţƷȻһ򿪹ȡһͰ
ﻹۣõĻûʲô⣬Ҫ𣿡
ۣ
˵۾˲ˡ
֪ǰû̵ʱ򣬺޾ר۵ĹһֱǹԶó׵ĴֲӪõġ
ںսأţ鶼Ȳϣ˵ۣϡá
ۡǮһޣ
ĶӲĴӺٻżʵ
ĺͶǳʱ۱Яͱ棬ҲţֻҪˮܱţ飬ʵʺϲ
¾ģܶǮҪ£һҪȥˣ
ƹྫˣһ֪׮ˡ
Ҳż𰸣תһܷͰ
Ǻɵĸɲˣˮ͸ʲһҵĴˣҪǶߣҿԸǸŻݼۡ
⻰ѣԴһֱǳ
˵Ϻ̫ѲʱżȻȵҤۣʮϲɶ˵綯۹ޣڲԷɽ۳Ѿȶˡ
ⶫ͸ҲһˮĿ׶·
ˮɲˡ۳ĸƷΪص߲˴գͼ˲ɸɲˡ
ɴӺԼҵʲ˶Բ꣬ԸɲˣҲֻԶó׵ĴֲŻȤ
ƹȵɲˣСʽޣȫЩ˵
˵ʱԷɽйͷζţͷⲻȸɲ˺
ʩ޸鲻֪ƹС̣ۻǸɲˣЩʶĿǰĲȻپ٣
ڵﻨ˴ҵسšƹʮֵصع˳ͬһȥݸͷ
ʣµǮҪ֧˵ķãźսµڵĻ˷ҲˮǴߣƫƫʱһ󣬼ֱɷˡ
ʩ޸ܺãǰŷ۵ĻϻаС֣ǿܹ˵Ļ
賿ʱ֣ͳѣʻݸͷ
ʩ޸վڰϣĬĬĿʹԶмڴеǡ
ϣɣϣҴܹƽٵش󣬵ִԤĸۿڡϣǵļܹ˳յʣںսжһϣʩ޸˾ʹӺɺл᳣פӺ
ۼӺĶȻΪʲôÿ˵綼˸顣һĵطǴ˳Խطģʳ棬ӵĿѧ
Ǿ˵ĵ͵ˣǰһҲܽӵȣЩǻëѪԭʼ
ҪǡлѼһǾ͸ˡ


247 
˽£ʩ޸Ϣط˿ջ
Ϊ˴ӺĴƻ˵Ӻ׼ھ˽һµĹҪһЩͼӹ豸еʩ޸˾ȻŹʴ⡣
ǣڴӺԩʩ޵¡
˵̻еʵʩ޸ʩ޵¸о飬ֻ֮ǰһֱûаעڴ˰űʩ޵¹˾ռȻ
ռȻҲûʲôʩ޸һοǴ˳ܴӺҪ˽ʲôǶṩĹ̻еϷöԷ⡣
ιҲһεġ
Ͼȥܾ·ڻڴӺĶΣں޵ҵȦѾ˴꣬ڻһЩ˿е̸ʡ
Ƥͼ£ΪӶȡȼҵܶ˴ӺķĿǰѺڶĴС
˾֮ǰûкʹӺٷǵ⣬ӺĻʵӦúͺ࣬Щ޴ӵˣνķҲǻʵһ仰£ֻǸûʵİ衣ﱻ˾ֱдһݴĿţҪ潻ӺĻʵۡ
Ȼģ˸Ÿ
񲿸ĹԱûǵĴϾֻһ磬е߹ٷ̸ϡӺ񲿶ԽӵĺԱҪ뺺ί鲢Ҽ¼ڰ˾Ĵ󵨵񣬾ҽҪӺӣ
̬ȿɰ˾˸ΪȫΨһһܹúͳ磬˾һԼɲƸ͵λںޣúͳֻΪѪүǷģײĸǼͷҪǵúͳͨ罻ȦƱ
ҲΪ˾פӺľԱǶúܣʮֿϴӺġӵȡĵط˶ӣҵеȳǵʹڣҪʹӺʵۿ顢ͷȻǶеϵƣӺеսı

еߴʹһǰĴ
ʲôǵսںͼķ˴̡
Ҫӣ
˾Ĵǿ
ҪһӹֻҪ׽㹻ˣ֮ǰ򿪺ó״ѾȥŻһ㹻
˵Ӻûд󴬣֮ǰܲɾʹݳǵĴǵĺܱܲȺϵܻҪ
Ȼǵĺʮ㡭
ʹ˶٣ȻЦһ
Ӧ˵Ӻ֮ǰˡ˷
Ѿӵ˲ڰͻڵǹзܵȷϮݳǣǲ֮İڣЩܾͱȫǴӺѲĽ
ڵĴӺѲǿҴھŻסĵطӵеµ
ǰֿտգҲûбסȻ˻˼꣬Ͳֻռһຮıˡ
һ˵˾е¡
ʲô
֪ʱѵʲô֪ı仯Ϊʲôΰе׽ӶŲסˣ
ʹǡ
㲻˵ˣֻܾЭܱ֤Ͼȷаѱ˼Уҡ
˵ʹ̾˿
Ҳ֪ں˹սҪӶĲͲƷҲҪ֧ԮٲǳΪŵĵһ㣬ǾͲܺʹӺ񡣡
ȥɣһᾡϢ֪ͨ㡣
˾Ĵл㱵سţֱصסԺӻûعֻһжС
ǵ˱ץˣΪָʹȡȼĻͼֲֽǵһηֶͨõͼֽɱľֱּ˭׷ǵˣ
粻ǿʳǴǳˣֻҪȭͷ㹻ͿƶӵƶķʲôԼ磡
ɺȻһϦ֮䣬һжˡ
ʹ˼߹еҪӵȹҴӺȫҵ˼ңϧҵ˾棡
ôˣеߵ̤
ûͷеߴʹǱӺͨˣȫԼĹңһֽ״ݵеİǰ
Ϊ߻ܵͷ͵׵¶Ǳʯ󺣣Ҳûлһºȳǣ˾פӺܰ쵽Ρ
κĵһ¾ǲó˲µľ죬滻Լ֣ԵŰݷ˶ǮϿڼ䣬һֶû£ǷԼҪͶ޸ϵԸһͼǮϿһ̨¿úͳȴԡѾгúͳʵáܾˡ
ܰ죺
һ޵ǾͶˡ
£Ҫڱĵط϶ưոݣڴӺ߹е߶ҪһڶΪڵĴӺѾǿԲĵط
Ҫ⣬ͱغ;ηķɣҪκηȨ
ʩ޸˾Աȴǰڳ֮ǰҲرѵģǿҪǳ鷳
ںޱս𣬹˾ӪһһѣӺĻ󵥾һݣҪ£ϧκδۣ
ȰݷסݳǽĶϣ롤׿ϣءлл
ллϸˣлϸں޵ʱʩ޸˾Ĵˣлһ·ѪͳǢʺϲ
Է⣬лһ£
֪ӺȷҪһ¹
Ŷ
ʩ޸ܾӵ۾΢΢׷ʵֱֹ֣Ϊѡ
л￴Щ˵뷨ʵϣ죬ʩ޵¹˾ܰҲݷù˵Ҳͬ¡
ӺȷҪһ¹ϢӶξĿеõģϢĿɿӹɡ
ݴ͸¶ƻҪܶͻڸؽҪĸͼӹߣѾתƵӺлϸ˵Ǹ
ʵϣϢҲǰ͸¶ġ޿ξʶûⱾ⡣˵׬ǮС£һʯ񣬼Ųߡ
ʱƻĿĲԶлҸǾҪó㹻ĳȻְⶫܶط죬Ҫûи棬δطҪлҵĳ
лྫˣϰϢ˺ޡ
лṩֻи֣лҵĺкܶ࣬˺⸽ֵ
õ϶ٲ˼ӹߣҪ˵ǿ϶·¹ʩ޵ºʩ޸Ϊ⣬л¶մֱλ鶼ϢȻԼڶãֻӴķˡ
ڵӶù˭ⵥ˭ܴлʮ˽·ˣĹͷǻѡͨǰȫܽܵļתڶ̸
һҲлϸһϺĲ֣ҷ̯Щɱ񲻸г⣿
ڣͿʩ޸óٳˡ


248 
ʩ޸˾ܾлõͷشϢʵϣл֪ҲֻЩƤë̫ŸݸļƻԶлҪӴ
ϣܽ糧͵綯ܵʹ÷Χ¹滮޸ӺĻʩЩӺĿǰļʽġ
޵սǸᡣ
սú޵ĺܶ綼Ϊ̣ҪȥģƽĶͳǵϣ
ʩ޵¡ʩ޸Ĵ磬ӵһļ;ۣպúʹӺڱ򻥲ܰЩɹƻУܹʡʱͳɱںĥ˲ţΪڼ
취ǳġ
ʱҲɵͷˣɵּȴѾ˱仯кܶطֵôӺѧϰӺȴѾԭճǻϸǰѡʺϵĲֽʶȸȻ볯С
ЧȻ֮ǰࡣ
бʦʥ˵ĻѧʲôҪԼɸѡ
ĳһյĳӶԼĸŸп
Ϊ¸ں֮ǰƽһЩߣæڿο
ǰҪǵʱ̫ˣԲŻžѡڿõĶ޽ǷȽҲʵ
ӿһۣȻʵ
ھأ
һ㶡
е׼ӵ˼ԥһ£˵
Ҳ˵ˡ
˶٣׻˵Լﻰ
ǰúȽúͳи콢ڡЩǶˣЩ޶㲻ĶܹǷҪǹҶ֪˵˭Ƚ
ȻȽֻڼϣӺⳡս뿪˺ֲ԰֧ԮǱߵҲͬԲůǵĸ㲻ǽԼкֲ԰һһ캣ֲ԰ԴͼֵȡǸôάԼݳ޵أ
Ļŵ⣬ʵڳ˶𰸣ֻû˻˵
ôά֣ȻѰµĹأѪӣſڱȡѪĲǴ
ǲܳ־õġ
ӹûһܹѹե̢ôЩ@һʱĹʷĳУģΨдӺڷ
Ժ޵ġɹ֮·Ӻ޷ƣҲȥߡ
Уʦ
ʦܽ⣬Լ·վҪԼĥߡ
ƻʱ򣬳ҲûзԵϵģζǮϿֲͬڽ糧Ϊʱ磬ҲûбϽĽԣϾġõԵ·ոͶʹãĿǰЧϺûƣһʩ޵¡ʩ޸ĺ磬ܾסˡ
ϣȹ̷չһ˵
ҲûеƲ¶˵ǣҲв˳ͬĿ
ҪǰǮϿСظû˵Ļᣬ˵Ҳᱻû˵֮͡
ھͲһˡ
ѾΪȫӺҪĿսҪأǾϵҪм͹ҵϵľͷ򣬶һְѶεڸ߶ȵǮϿõء
˵ͱкϵжлܹľ֮Щ쵱˵˭ŸǮϿԸգ
Ǵ˳ӺǮϿ֮ս
˵սʵҲЩˣֻ˾ʹչһԼҵۡ
ǮϿûľĹ۵ȫڶԵܵʵӦãԼľͽѵ˵ĻʮֽӵҲϳ˵֪
ӾøһЩ
ȥҲۼת̣϶վȡΪδĺԴ
Ȼȷ˷Ϊʲô粼֣
ĲʼվôӺ֮䱻޳ԽҪԭڴ˲ֺڻ͵Ĺؼʱ
ԭӺҲȰԴӦõϣǵĿȫ磬ʱӺںкаԵġ
ɵ˻ʳڣ޷˺ڻ͵ᴿϻʢת˥ۡۡĵ۵ȼ⣬ԭͿʼĲԽ׷ϡ
λᣬӾԲ
ؼǣں޵ЩæẈ̂ûо쵽Ӻ°ӣǿԺ谭Լ£Ժļ۸񻻵ҪԴͼ
ҪǷǰ޵ЩˡζͬģϾѧԱҪǿơѧͶɼжӺ
ھͲһˡ
ں޵ڴ̣ԴãȴѾ˼ޡ
Ԫ޵Ļڴһۿھͻ˷ӵϡ¹ܴǳԵõĻҩƷֻҪģͻ˱Ǯ˵˵Ҫ¡
Ӻ̴ܻӭΪȫһʵãĶʲô߹֮ģԻƷʵʢˮСƫƫҪۻߣֱǰѡˡдϣ
һӺĹձȫתÿԴԴϵװϺȻǮԭϻ
ɼɸ
ź޵սһսһգٵĳк͹ҲԽԽࡣû⣬ҪһζļԱԱҲܽʵ⡣ǣ߹ġ޴ڷģѹǰֻҪۺʣԸ⿼ǺͳӺٸ⣬öһּͼֽ
ǿڴӺлϸէ֣лҪãԼӰͽлϸ붫˺ޡлҵԶʱһٶ𺽣ʩ޸ʩ޵¶ͲסֱǾΨһĹ
ĻᣬҲסˡ
˳ɼͷһƽȵǮϿĶ棬ƽ͵غԼ뷨
ⳡ̸ܶ϶Ϊ֤ǮϿԭ߳ݵ·λ˶ȴţһƾУܲ˵Ǹ漣
ǮϿﵹûôࡣԵһзߺʹߵʵֱӵķǮϿҲûѶʹԼĹʵʵڶˣ̬ʮ̹ϡϾŵı̫ˣ걳ʵһڲϸĽƣһȫ̿˵ڸ칤ҪͶʽ˭Ҳܱ֤˲ƶļ
ࡢʾ֭зĶƾʲôЩѧȥ
գǱ˵ˡ
ӵļƻǿŲֹ·ݣøĵعܹԽ࣬ԵܵоͷչԽдٽڴһϾˣʩ޵ʩ޸ĴܹѧԭԶԷڵʵ޷ȫͶĴӺγɾģڴӺܸʮֿɹۣһںзʺϵ˲ţҲԾڸǽǡ
֮ǰīڴѧԺǼѧߺоԱôھǴӺõķչᣡ


249 
գʩ޵ºʩ޸ó㹻ĳ⣬ɹ˴ƻ
ңʵϣ޵๫˾ɹ˳糵Ȼ˶ӵʩ޵ºʩ޸ķ󲿷綼ֻõʱɹĶֻҲ㹻Ǹ˵ˡ
ɭ̫̫ϺãĽ
ٶѾ֪ڶٴĻˡ
ϿҡͷھӱԹƵļѡ
ʵϣھӣǼҵȷҪ࣬ڳҵһݴԱĹ⣬ҪΪɷפܹʱʱյɷӴӺ͹ʳ
ٶԶǸ죬ÿҵĴţһ˸ߵĴľ䡣
ԳԪ͵ĹԱΪٶﲢûеͷȡ͸ƷԵһǻͻţҸ֪ÿ5ҶдӺĴֻͣŷۣȥûд͹İ
ٶһʼһ£Ӻػع֪žԶڶĶԼͺͻʡ
ʱ䣬ĶǸյ˴Ӻ˶ͻʱ䶼û飬ٶůůġ
лͻԱźȲӡһǰʵķˮĶǾ;ҲڷùʣɷҴдµһҲá
ٶǷţϵɷּȦе㿪ʼ졣
дĺܼҪҪǸԼζʼʲôؼңҸ֪ԺҲַͨʽ޵˾ܵĳʣͳһͨԪĴ͵㷢Ҫٶʱʱ͹ȥ
ĶʼĻ˲ٶ˼Ҫ֮⣬취˸Һۣ⻹һЩɲˣٶ˵ֱ֮ϲ
ۣңЩɶǻǮ򲻵ĺöѽ
ĺӶǳʱڱֵĹ嶼һȵĵţ飬˵ͨˣѾܾöûţζˣ
ۣ𣿣
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СˮĿһһӣдĶ֡
ΪֻܰͼЩӷֳ˼飬ÿѡһ򿪡һͰǴ򿪵˲ŵŨţζİɫĩɢ˵㡣
ٶָһ飬Žﳢ˳Ȼ˶ۿɼɡ
ۣûģζǺܸ߼ۣڲϸ崼񣬶ʮ㣬õԭҲţ顣
óԵۣںѾ򵽣û뵽ɷڶҵˣ
ʡЩȣЩ㹻ǼҵĺӺһң۶򵽵ܺȵţֱĶͣ
ٶִֹӣǲͬĸ߲ˡڵıֵĩ߲ʲôǲȱģ붬ɻв˳ԣЩ߲ҲãֱڱЯ˵ûɾ
¶ƣֻڼ͵͵ǳԣ·ǲѼ˵ȥ
Ҳܶ£˵ĸȥͷȡʱǻæڻһӾӭѵĶ졣
죬޸Ѱ
սΪʱϢģս֮ɱȴδ̴ֹͣϣͬ˻û·˫Ͷıʶﵽһ֣һ·¹λܹĴսծΨʤֲ
ŵҲãеҲգҶֻһǾ꿪һҪܹ״ܶĵˣ
뷨¡ɱԽء
ܱӴ˶ԽѲ飬ѲмɵˡŵĴ󹫰䲼ҪԶҪӡһʱ䣬ͬ˵ı͵±ֳеԽǼеҲѧս˵ڱֳд˶ʼ뷽跨롣
ǣӵȥأ
˵Ӻȷǿ龻ɲÿ˶лоԶ󣬸˵Ӻϸ飬ײᷢɡ
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߹ĺôȥʺ֮أǺȺҰһ𣬻ںݣҲάһӵ棡
Ըѡ˰һ˾֪֮ء
˵ĹȣһֻҪǮͶ򵽣ھ𽥻֮󣬰ͺı
ս죬ɸƽ·˵ڶ֣ÿ϶ٰСС罻ᣬ洦ɼʱֵĹͷŵҡ
˲ʮֹս¡˭ӮˣҪ֧Ϣͱǽŵĺе̵Ǯתķãúʷս̴ԽãսĻԽǿյϢԽߣ̻úͳͬ˵ĵȫͨ裬ǲⳡսӮң
Ȼڵһѩµʱ򣬾ƺȻˡ
үǱߺ˵׽
ԶĿһŹֵؿԨ
ҴҶ£ɶ
ʱ˺ʻ׼жһõÿ족ҩ˵ԨϽӹԶĿ˿Ӻͷ´˲䣬˺һľ޴ը
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䡪䡪䡪
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ԨԶİǡ
˵ŸҲеִ磬˱ԿĻԼǹ˼ֱҪס
ЩͷӡΪԼʥսʱǮĹӶô
ȥɡ
Ӧһͳһ첽߽ա
ԪĴ䱸˶ƵĶ̲Ȼɾ޴󣬼ҪռңȴʵԶ̷ͳֻҪ°Զڴ˰Ķξܿյ
εεΡεεΡΡεΡ
ǽǡ
εεΡεεΡεεεΡεεΡΡ
̻ᱻƣⱻͿա
εεΡεεΡεΡ
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εΡεεΡεΡεεΡεΡ
ש;˳
εεΡεεΡεεεΡ
ܻͬˡ
Ԩͣһۣ֮ս죬һһʵս͵˴˰Ķ
ЩϢֵߣһںܲսݣһʱ㱨˳С
ͬһʱ䣬ͱͬʱսӪͻ붼³ǣҹץ˶֪ۣͨ̽˽˽·Ϊ̷־֮ڶλ׽ĵطԱ
۱Ů˵ģҪʱ򱻴ϣȫޣðֵ˶֡
󵨣ҿǶ֪𣿣


250 
Ϊһ֮ף۸ôȻû̡
Ƕ֪ڳͶɣ³λжĹϽΧξûȨץ
ܵϲ³ϽԱɲϲ۱֮һֱֱ׳ԽȨݡ
ֱ˽ϵּȨȫȨ鶼¸ҪܵϽƣǿͣǲͰ
ӵУʮᣬòӢʣ߼Ǿеɱ䣬볣ھɫеγԱȡ
Ҳ֪ĶһƬ۵ϱȶһȻЦһ
ݣ
·ʲôϡŹֵʡ
ɶйݰ⺣˵ƣһϴҲ
˽ߣźĴ¸ۣݺŮڸۿͷʳгɣʲôڶ
ҿûе˵ĵߡ
˵յĪ裬ո侲ֿʼ
ָû鴤Ŷմ޵ݺʲôһŲ֪һ˾ӡΪӺϹôȥЩණ
УԸ˿ΣԼǴż˴ȥѲ۵˽լ
Ϊ֪ĳ͢٣ҪûסѱôֱܸӶץˡ
ԼȻҲһģʼջǻһϣϣλ˳汣ƽ
ϾЩǮҲһµģȻҶзݣѵʱѵӦô
ϣڴΪġʿǡǸľôҪôƿڴҪôͷĬЩľҶ̣͢ҲûץʲôȷеİѱǾͼº˾ûйϵһжǴıвšڣҪݺڲ壡
˵Цˡ
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ѾԼܹõͷȻ֪ô硣
˵ǿξ˼ʡξʲôǼɫͿյ廹Ǽһ⣿ôЩ˵̹ģ
ҲϾǰ֪ضͬˣòȻʵ򱳵ﻵʵ۱ȷ־񶾣֪˵ɸ˿˽ͨΪЩ潹աӻкԼͬ
ǵĺ˲飬³ѾΪӺԴͷǸɵסʳ˵Ѷˣÿ춼Ϊ
Щ¶İҹţۼûʲô¸УӲ˵޿ξʺҲʲô
ϲû취
ʰһϵֽţۺ˵˵һ죬㶼ý꣬ΪǵѾԽԽ֤ݡ
˵Ҫл˵á
л˵ñץ֮ͷشžǽʳԴǴӶ³Ǹһҽơĺ潹ġ
³ֳơСвٺ硢˾סͻĵطǲٺ潹ݵľۼأÿ϶СްǽʱʱƮŹֵĳζ
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ǰصص֪ط־ĶӷӰǸӣʳζһģһǴӺġϵȻ
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³жĵ̣ȻȨϲȴǵĹϽΧӦжξͳܡ
³ǳжڶۡһֱפ˾жĸפЩ潹ݵλεʳлͺ֪
Ȼ֪ȴֹˮĲһССУܽöˡ
֪֮Ҳ࣬һ˼׷麣ȼ밸뷽跨л˵úԲ
Ŭûа׷ѣԲܿ˱ָʹˡһĹߣߵβ˷Ϊͷһͷָʡһͷָ彭̣ƺй
˷ʱյ˴Ҫ潹ݵԭǴӺȼ԰ģڼл˵úԲ³õϢ԰𰸼ϲһѡ˼ļͷӸ֣˲ٵľЭ
ּ̫һھɹߡ֪Ǵ޿ξԼᣬ鰸ľ˵ÿһ˼ǣٰݣʵ˲Ѫ
ڣܿͻͽĽչһ·˳СڣȻڵ㣡
ȻʵҲ֪֪Ѳ˸ϵģѾû֤ݣһѣඨһʧ֮
ҪˣǷˣڳĻ֣һҪݾߡ
ġΪӪ
ԭƽľŴ޿ξ·Ǳо㣬ںϵһ˽ϲһΪˮԣĺˡ
飬˵𴨼һˣĸ׾Ǻ´󳼽һɣ֮ǰڶġİڱ߻ָʹġ
ֻǽ𴨼ʮֽƻϴûߣԭΪԺٲҲ̤ϴӺأ˭֪ոչȥ˴꣬Ȼִҡڵسˡ
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ԭҲôͻصӺƱǿҪǲҪʧȥ׵ΣԼڼеĵλҲҪܵضҡܳΪӣ𴨼òա
һжΪǸͬĸֽ㡪շǣ
ĸ׽𴨼շ´Ҫط˵ЩˣҪʽҪ뺣һı̻߶Ϣͱ
ԭǸɵ񣬱ϾշںѾûˣڵǸĸ߼潼ˣû˻潼˵Ļ档
Ϊδ̳˵Ľ𴨼Ҳ
𴨼ԼļƻԭϾĿһ֮ĴӺи׵ֺ֧˾ʶҵ˽赶ɱ˵Ĺ彭̣ѶôȽշҪ̫ࡣ
˭֪ΪʮþȵġȻ﷭˴˫˫ʧֲ˵׸İ߼档
һ棬ͬĸĽչȴ񼣣շǲ˳õ˰̻Ľɹ˵Ǵŵģͬ˺ܿѾʼִнǵļƻ̻ܰĻƽ
ϢԶǵĽ𴨼ҲסˣֱʲôȻᱻ׳׷
ȻǸΨһĶӣӵдĺѪͳôأ
սĳѾ˺ãȫԽȥӣ˭ܹΪ塢Ϊ£˭ڸӵз
սҸ˽շ¶ĻᣬΪ޵ңշǻڱֳ潼ˣӵС𴨡ϣ
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251 
нշ飬𴨼Ľһӱòơ
еʲô֤ԼʵҲʲôʺϵģϾϴΡġ¼֮ò׷չİֱһ򾡣ڵĶڽһ֯ͺõĴ𴨼ıܸͲҪ
ʲô϶ǲеģֻȥ˾̡
ҲһŹ˾֮ǰƶļƻûһɹռҲѹơ
ļЪͷʹԽԽأ˵ʱѾʼֻþΪ˱Ѫͳ⣬һιڳֻþڵһֱܿ³Ϊٿٻʮ꣬˭֪ȻҲͳ˲֢ȷ̳˵Ѿüޡ
ɺȴô롣
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˵֮󣬲黹ɫþ࣬ÿ춼ȣ֮󣬰¹ȻʹŮС
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˵׳ɻ½Ů¹еĹʹŮеҲ޼ĸֻһͼΪԺɿԻùݣֻûֵôܿضѡ
¹ĻгֱӺ䶯ǣҲλ̳˵ѡԽ˷롣
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µѡ񡪡δԲвȨӣɱ˽سҰĲľɰˡ
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𴨼ҵڲΪһζһԼĶӣȳ鱨СҲӦ
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ҶԽ𴨼һܷĵذ߽˶ԷԼְ
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𴨼úڶ³˵Ҳọ֪̈̄۾ǵϿͣĴδߵĳͷ١
ȻǵǮǴҾһϵƣ۵ĵȻҪз㡣ͷʱ򣬾㳬Ԥʱ䣬ֻҪͷҲµȥ鿴˵ĵʲôһһ߻ʵ̫ˡ
⣬ڶ³з彭̵ټ
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ʵڶ³Ҳл˵áԲĸү彭᪽ڣҲΪҸ˵ŵõ۵ıӻ彭ҪҪڶ¸۷УߵЩͷëҪײҪ
Ĺϣ𴨼ඥ˲˶ɵ뷨
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˾˵ҲõȺܾãа´Ҿܿˣ
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Ͼ´һΪǮƳ棬üٵķźɹ˵һͱͨˣ
𴨼Ծͨ˹ϣ彭̵ʽԽġ
ҪܰǾ͵콵񼣡飬ӺĻʵۼֱ飡
ܵϻʵãҲҪҪǿԽ˻ѴӺĳֽҡʵλ˭Ӯ˴˼Ȼںģʱи˳ƲһֻҪӺַǺлˣ


252 
һȺõİ취ʲôȻӵкһ
Ϊ˺δϵĴҵ𴨼ܲԼϴԣƾȳ͡Ǯϡ彭̡
彭¹أ¶ҪŪ飬Ҳȫûкô˽֮ǰ˳࣬ڶ³ǼõĹٸĲ顣
𴨼ΪŴͨ˹ϵҲֵΪ˼ӴԽŵġסҪ֪ɲΪ׬ǮĴӺԱסǵİѱĳɾͣϾһմϾͲٰѡ
𴨼ĵԽԽҲԽûмɵ֮ǰΪҹʱԷѹӺڵȨŸ붼ĶǸմ޵Ŀξʮֲǣ𴨼û䡣
ѾͬĸĽ̼񣬷Ҫһɼ׺ͼǰͬ˾ǵϢֱý𴨼ѪӿգѺһţ
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𴨼ܹѵģȻʹ˳Լݣֻ˵ԼǸͨĳˣϵĻ˵ģԼֻ͵֮ơ
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Ȼץ׼˸׵˵ڵ彭̻ᡢ彭ľ߾ڣ𴨼
ۿɻ첻ɣ𴨼һơ
Լһ彭ӰͽڱտڶСġ͸¶Ϣͼתע⣬ˮ
취ЧˣһƵڶ³ǻ彭๴Ϊ˶ԷĽףҾͼƺҲ˵ùȥ
𴨼ǸУˣϸ˸ʽḶ́ȻҲûѶҳֹӦ˾㱨ȥˡ
ˣ˾˵ġպĴǹȻǸҰĵȻðŵлķհ쵽³ǣͲжĹԱԽ
𴨼Ͽֱĥôٰˮø죬ֻܻøЩ˵ܵȵ׵ľ
ÿ춼Ѷ԰Ѽٻ滰һ͸©ԷǴһȥ飬ڶ³꣬ȻѸĴӺԱӺϲ
ƺķڽС֮𴨼˺üλϤףЩеֻһ֮ԵеϿ͡ȻѺεʱЩһԽ𴨼ŭĿӣֻ޲⣡
龰𴨼ϲ
ҧ˲˳ǸӺףȻ˶ץ˴Ρ
˵Щ˿ɶƲ磬ڶ³еԽ絽жץ˱ͲϹأְô޹֮ǣлø
һ뵽δܷĻң𴨼;ϵ˿ڶûôˣÿѶʵʱɷÿľͷˮ
̷֣ЦѲʲôã
һĹȥҲԽԽ࣬𴨼ȴʼûȵжǰѵĳ
֡ȫûж
˵ץôˣлжУͶлﲻӦú޾찡
Ĺһ˵ٻЩץ޹ҧģһֱѺڴУǵôưոݣӺ˲𣿣
𴨼˼⣬ʵ̲ס͸η͵̽
͵Ǹ߷һв֪ҪμΣϢʮͨ
͵֪𴨼ĵϸԲﲻᣬҲԸ䡣
УбŶ̰ī޷Ǯ治˶£Ƿ˽ۣɵĶСǵĹ
Ӻֹ˿ڣνġָǩ͵еġˡȫ˼ңʵʵĺɫ⡣
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͵еУŶ˶ŵҲڼһѣſɶǸ˾ӣ
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𴨼Ȼеֻš
ҲжҲ硭ЩץĶ¹̴󶼲ɾл˵˿ڡ
ԡ
𴨼ſǽߵСŬͷȹ߻谵ȴŸָġȻ˲ˣ
ԡЩ˶⣬εɾ̫ˣ³Ҫ죡
һʱ֮䣬𴨼Ҳ֪Ǹø˻Ǹú¡
ѹܾЩ俴񲻶ԾԼܹоһ˿ɱЩҧ˶ű²Ѿ˵жд̣
˱᪽᪽彭̵ĴӪ񶫺ѾӪͰһֱּҪ̫ס
𴨼һӾͺˡȻʶԼѾΣ֮УǽκζУͬη͵˯š
˯ţͿʼ𴨼ģ˵һЩеûСϢ
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Ȼҧ˲ˣȴһֶû£Ͼʡϵ
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ʱ£м䵱ȻҲٲ˫Ŀ⾭Ӫ
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𴨼֪۵Ҫԣ˶³Ǹϵ֪˫ԭҲӦκν
彭̺Ҳй𴨼˽֮Ȼڼμϼ۱ˡȻֻԶԶĿۣҲ㹻֮С
Ϊ˱֤۵İȫֱϵԴҲ֪۴˾Ȼ㷺彭̶Ҳμӣ
֮ǰСΪɶ
Ȼ𴨼Ǻнڲ٣ץ֮Ȼʳÿζᾡܹܿǣ۵˻顣
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ĵ죬󲻾ã𴨼Ȼ⴫һС

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253 
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մ޵֮ǰ¹ٹͣո˶ʧ͢ķǷ˭Խ
˵ûЩıƦѹͷϣ»ûˣ
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գϲϴҪ󳹲۰˵жȻдԩ飬۵ΣųǴЮ˽
ʵ˵̫ͨϾۼȫûнû˸̸˽½ԹѾΪξĴʵûɱۡ
޾ôõġ
Сʵ۶ĸ׸ǰֱͦһ˵ԼڳֵĿ
Ҳ̫ӵһַʽȻСʵͻСΪһ֮ҲҪԼÿ춼Ҫĸһͬϳ³СᣬСʵҲҪһࡣ
̫ԼĶԺҪһ棬ھҪѧῴ˲ˡ౨ûʲôӿԹ۲죬˳ڸϸϸÿ󳼶౨ʲôӾԼʹȵ˵˼ˡ
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һ̫ûϸСʵԼˡ
ȥʱ·³ǣһȫͬĳУԶԶȥЩ顣
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οץ۵µġ
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ӪѾȫĲϽ£Щ˻ʲôóģѲǻ۷
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˵ףǴóĳ뻹Щ˿˷̵ϣ
ĸ˵СʵҲ˵ͷ
֪ͨаӡʱϳòˣۼĸ׵ܴʲô£󶼻ᱻЩϳյ־ʹ˿мҪ־
ȻҲûĸײҵ˹ؼ֤˲ѳ˷־뺣ľ´´ţЩŽϳӴ˾ͺ˵ˡ
Сʵ۾۵¸־һޣֻЩΪʲôĸûϴһᶨֶ֧̬Щ첻
ѵĸŴ޿ξǮ
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۵ǸһͻƵĻᡣĲ˵۱ϾѾǸˣ֮ǰδйһأˮ˵ȥ
ˣܶй˾Ͱȫˡ˰ȫȻҲ߸۲ܽúôһУΪԼϵĻᡣ
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ڳ⣬Ҳв˿ʼ˵ӡϾϻɵˣĲף˵ǿӲɴѹҲûʲô⡣
Ув˿ʼҡ
ϾԴӶǮϿճóûͷǶҩͱڻͼӹɣɺȻоԼԼʧȥ̫̫ͽ϶ΣƳĴƻΪصķԶһͣͣƵó¸ò˵ǮϿ
ǮϿʲôǸõĹϵôȵǴӺѧɹѧߣ
ǮϿܽĲЩֱǳԵĵ˵ʲ֮ʿ̫ȻǸ˶ӣ
Ȼû˸ҰЩķ̨˵ڼΪ湲ͬĳЩ˻ǱŴѲĲ
ѵӦЩвѧǮϿӴУƾʲôЩ˶ĹѵӺԺҪЩѧֻỨľƦѳ𣿣
ƫƫϵ׳ȴ޶
ֵȴʼղɽϵڵ˹˵ҲΪƺע̫ͽϵ
ǰеһ˸˸
еĴ󲿷˶ǳжĿϾѧûЩʱֻǲܵġǼ絳Ҳ󵳣в˻۵ϵϵжȻܵϵ
δץ֪ۣǴɵķιӡϾжҲǸ֯µطöжҫΪж˵ܡ
˵жжܲ㲻ľ
Щ궫ķչʵ̫ˣһֻ֯뵺ȫӺĹҵģпծ磬ڱӪļҳ׬һ׬Ǯҿ϶뵽ݸ
ڼ֮ǰٻǶȵģȸԶó׻ڶͷϢ̻
ڣЩݵˡ
жлı仯Ҳ̬һģΪ֮ǮϿﱾʮкøУжλҡʵлҲ
ƴǮϿϵװʱлʼǵģԵöһĵߴݡ
Ҫס
Ժѿغƶ
ԽеʱԽż¶̬ȡϺ̫û˵Ҳֻǹ𡣡
˵ĸô˵
һİơ
Ƚ¶ϣҲûҺӰıɱͷˣºҲû˭Ҹͣ
Ƚ⣬ǱǽĺúõģҺΪʲô죿ͼֽǮǮϿô޾Ͳĵط͸ˣϺ𣿣
ҿ̫Щ˳ǵӵλĹͣ
֪һȺƦͷϣǻƾ˵㣬ǵϲ˭֪˾Ƕ໨ǮϹҲù


254 
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лȵ
Ҳı̫ŵúҭһ£ʶرս͡
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ܽϵǻĹǵõ˭֧֣ڻλϡͷ˲ǴӺˣǶ˵³
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ʵ۵ıһҲֻнϲʸǻҪж֧֣Сܻܲ˵أ
жĿ̬ǮŻϲֵ֧
Ȼ׿Ǹ⵰ʲôãǻλûǮ𣿣
֪̬ȣǵϲ϶Կ˱ľþʹӦ뿴ߵȺƦֶܼã
л̾˿㲡
οסе˼롣
ʵϣԴӶǮϿ﷢ԺжĿǮϿһ˾Լʱ򶼻оƽ
ƾʲôأ
ϵǻ֮ǰȫӺĵطжȸǴӺҪԶóͷÿµĻˣԺͺݵķᲢۡ
жĿҲǳв˰ҪԴȸۺͶ¸ԶԶĽǮŴӺЩжĿõغŴӦ
ô
жĿȻһССĶѹ˷ͷںö̴ѡݸۣлҵĸҲӶǨݣҸŴ
ʵлҲ֪ͳ͢ķû̫ϵǮϿҪȽϵȽɡ
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лʱԼҲĥȽԼҵؽϣܲܺǮϿһԷôΡ
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жĳܶ࣬׬ǮĲҵҲܶ࣬зảУСĻиʽԶó׵С׬ǮĴͷǺó
ȽɸʱǵʱжؿҲǸЩȤζСѣ϶̸ӣ˵֧ˡ
Ƚˣж۸ӵĻ˰ۺ죬뷽跨°ӸͼֽлüֱҪ̫࣬ĿģƲģֻҪ֣һҲһֻ۱һֻۣж
Ľԭ棬ȴܴһеķչ׬Ǯ쳡˭첻ǰ죬Ҷڸж棬һҶ׬Ƕ׬лӲ⡣
жעȽɡ
ûȽⶨһĴҲöҲãԶ޷ΪڵݡȽֻڶǮϿﲻѭģʽУſܳΪĹҵ֮ʱ˺ͣȱһɡ
ͨ˹ϣлеҲɢࡣ
ǳ֮Խǰܶоġ
ҲΧ˲׽ԭһֱһ¿ھҲʼԼҡҡǴؽǶʱѸ֣϶ĵȴԶԶڴˣҲ˸¥¼֮ǰͽϵĻλ֮ʼԺ󣬻ѾϢ¡
۰±Ѿɱ⡣ǻµһʵжĿ¶Ҫ죬ԱضҪһлԴ֪
޲Ѿ죬ֻܶ׷Լĺ׻׻㡣
ɽ±ԽСġϺ̫飬Ȩȹ̣ԺЩǧҪ˵ˡ
ҲһʱԽȣһˣ֪ԼǷ˴ɡ
лɫã΢΢̾˿
ƽʱЩԶŵѦϿأҫڣ¿أϼһѾģ˵ʲôʱҪǳǵǹʹ
׷ֲ꣬Ǹģллֱ˵˿Ρ
ǰ˵ƶȻڵͷԳ˿ܣƺлĻΪȻ
龰лбһ֪ԼⷬҪ˵
һ˲ռ壬лδظоԼ˥ϣö¶ʼʧȥƿأġ
̾˿û˵ʲô
ʵ˵ʲôҲûôɢ˵ֻ˱˴˼֡
͡˳Ȼɡ
һ쿪ʼл￪ʼ״Ϊɣл˴󲿷ֵ罻Լˡ
ľٶܶ˲⣬ҲӡֻлҴƽձڸ׵Ȩ³ײлݺҲǹɣڼв¡
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лһֱжĿĿףΨհڶ֪᪽ǵĴУлﲻΪָͷڹ꣬ܿ˵Ĳ
ټϳжڴµƵߣ̫ͽϵ̬ƺЩҡڣþɺɵĲƺ˷̵ϣ
һλᡣ
ܶ˶
ϾӽϵǻʼеֲѾ˾޴ı仯Ӹλ߲ľʹʧȥȨƣȻҪλ꣬ϴơ
ƿʼˡ
ôһ㶼ż
Ԩһ߽ȽŵСԺ
ƺʮֳأͷ϶߳˺飬һ糾͵ģ
Զ½صĹ걳죬ҲǴӺһͨʵÿϵԨֽĴ
ΪʲôҪż
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ʮӳ˲٣òȴԽ㵭šһɫĳɫƺʺɫĵһ㡣
Ԩһ˲䣬·쵰Сһҹ֮㳤
ˣЩӵζ
ò˵ǻ쵰ˡķ籩Ҫֵ췭ظ걳ɷƽ˾¾ã㶼ܸš
С֪ܲ
ĴǺܺá
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ɺɵһֹѾϣ©֮ĳϱѾξһְҪಢָȨǰ׶һ»û꣬ԲٵҪı͢٣֮ϻҪȨ֮ˡ
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Ƚŵ˵ͷһСּӹǰľܻأԱĿ챨ҲֻǷܵӦһʾԼ֪ˡ
ˡ
ԨһѶ±ܵİ֡
ôͲż㲻´ر˸
ץס˰ѱЩ˲Źģһ뷽跨ܷܷ֪ʲô˼˲Զܷ
˶٣ЩβסĵĽǡ
Ǹɵϣƽʱ͸˵Ҫâ̫¶ô侹Ȼÿһ˵ģ
ƽҲ׿ҲգһһǮϿ˵ǶǸҲǲ˰ɣӾȻƲ𣬼ֱǸˣ
͡
ȽźȻЦˡ
ڸԨ˼ĿУЦø⻶䡣
㡭㲻Ƿ˰ɣ
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ȽЦҡͷ
ֻû뵽ԪȻ磬ΪǵĹϵá
Ҳʲôġ
Ԩһʺı顣
ֻǿȺ۸ˣϾǼҡ
˵Ȼ쵽ʲôͣ˿ڣȻֲĵ׷˼͡
û˼ǿϴôңͷ˵ҿҪϲˣ


255 
ԨߵһͨԼµǿ̹˲١
˵ʱȽžһЦͳĵԼܵͣתĳֺʹʹȥʱմĴλС
Ȼ㶼˵ⲻ磬Ҳ뷨Ҳ˵
˵Ԩǰһ

ʵұܣҲ仰
ͷˣͱյıȰǻʵҪǲ˵ûܴǶһ֣
ԨʵҲڲ²бİţϾ״̬ʵڲ˵ķƲʲôô˹ݡ
˵ȫȽС͸ϢȻȽСҲǶˣֻҪ⸱ݵ״̬Ԩˡ
ԹȻǼһкаɣǮӺͳƽڸϡҲ飿
˵Ԩءһβסֻ
ү㻨ڣô˾Ƕûһ˵ҳСŸߵҪӱؾǣ˵Ҫ׸ԩѩأ

ȽСеرۡ
Ҳ˰
Ҳû취鰡ⲻǻڶ걳ԭͲϵʵڽͷÿһҪѺܳʱ䣬Ҳ
˵鲻Ҳû㲦𣡣ҲðķӦʵţ˵Իֵһǲأ
֮ѵùҳɵɹ£ȽСǾƲԼεģţһ޵УֻĿеȼԼзкͼƻеõ豸
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ĸϾ׿ҳӦеѪԵ塣ڼĿⱲӦǲṫϺĹϵҳܹڴ˿ͦΪ˵Ǵ˫Ĺϵ
Ȼ֪Ժ󰢳ɿ϶ҪһôܶˣֻΪˡ
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Ԩ仰ʱҲڶûָõĻش
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Ƚת΢ƫĳֺʹʹ
ȵһĺܶϺ̫ҪһϾںڴ̣ѵܹϢĻᣬ̫ҲЩ˴ʹˡ
Ǿɻɣһʼͻ˺ܶ಻ҪʡЩƽʱݣײ¶Լ̬ȡΪܹЩʴĻз룬Ҫһҩҩ
ͶһͻȻġ˵ĳЩ˵棬õȨҲһĵҲȫ޸ںܶ˿ǳһƸģ׸飬Ȼ͹ǿӲɣǴ飬ҲϽᵳӪ˽֮˵˼άԡ
ǰʱ˲ټȵߣЩܵļΪҩΪʣǮϿҩЧ
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һ˵Ԩһüͷ壬ǲͬ
㲻Ӧø˵Щ
ѵ¶صı顣
ЩǴİɣжܣҲӦ˵Ȼʱ뿪걳죬ʱ㲻κˣһʲôֶδϢô죬е粨̨Ҳǡ
˵Ѿȫˡ
΢΢һЦ˰Ԫ
תͷǽϵĻ૵ص
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Ԩ֪յʲôҲټ׷ʣһʲôľ鷳ˡ
ں޻ô꣬үҲǺнڲٵģöĹض
ת˵˰Ǳݵ¡
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ڰûܼʱ̻Ա˷²ŵǵļҪ˾޶𣬵ĿǰֻµĶڹ
֮ǰյ˽Ϣ˵ŵѾһܾ֧İ᳤̻ϣ˶ͷţѾǰе߱ѡ
̻ڲ󲿷˶ͬ˾ΪǳݣеָŵĺͰǷǿ
¬Ů緢һ⹫ţּǰںĴŴ֮ܵĲƸЩӶᣬЩ˶С͵
µķɣκθΪᱻ϶ΪԣһΪ˾˹Ҫǽɾ޶𡣡
Ƚһɻ
ֱӸķͿ׷ݵ޸ǰΪͷ˵ͨ
ʣԨ˵ͷ
Ҫ԰̻ᣬ»п˵ͨ
ûޣ֪̻Ǯжء
˶٣˵ԼһõԶó֤Ϊ˸ܲɹ϶ò̻Ѻȫҵ¡
ȽĿࡣ
֮ǰǹĸϣڹڵĸ۸ЩġлϸѾ仧ݣӺĸӦʮȶɱҲ˲١
Ĳ֪ԭݱֽ֮İԪ䵽Ʋľأ
ҲҺǷ˻ǰ˻ǰҲżˣּܸۻۡ
ԨԴ˵ȫ⣬һɵؼ˵
㿴ҿ̻ԱҪе˿µĸ߶Ϣ˿¸Ը˼ֱ¡
ѧԺһλʦ˽˵Ǯ·ϱƵĸɷ˼ҪҶǸΪɶҪǮ̻ȺͺճҪϽ̼ܡ
ڣȻӦˣ

Ƚųһ
Ҫ˵ô̻û治ԩô޴һֱԼǹڵ̸У᳤̻δе̫˰ɣ
Ԩɻ󣬼͵
Ҳ档
̻ȻԼ֮ǻѡĹнӴһϸλȻøַʽǵ̰̻档
ַڴʱ䶼ǺõģϾҲˣֻҪǵҲ̫Ǳ˵ƫƫ̻ŵģһп֢ǹ壬һʼ̻ûӴΧλȫһɺϡ
̻Ҫһɺϣʧܺ󷴶ŵģ밺׶ϵ
֮кнͣӦǲ볥ǷµľծԲŻ˵޵ĹǼ԰̻ˡ
㿴ŰɣֻǸʼںö廹ûع񣬵ǿ˵ĺô̻ᵹùӻںͷأ


256 
޴ϴƵĽʱӺĳöȴΪһϵ¼ٽ뵽βһѸײڶϷ绯ķʽ
ʮϡºͺѵȼλ飬Ҫ֮͢ϳ޺ͬŵ֡
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̫ͽϵ̬ѾҡڡټϹʱʱԴ磬ɺɵƺϣ
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۰ǰɵϳǶĸӱƵñŵıţܰĴòڳһǣڡ
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257 
۲Ƚɵ˲٣ǰǮϿʹǰ棬ûµý֡
ڴְͣ࣬ǮϿһݲҿĳЩ֮ҵ˻ᡣ
ȼҩʳ찱
ĸãֻҪץסһ㹻Լﰲ󣬲Դˡ
Ʋģ˴Ŷצӡ
ˣܿڳһͳ춫ѡ̽ʱ̫ϲδԣƺѾ׷˴
ԭѾڵ͹Ͷһö
֪ǴӺĹҵģݳǷǿ׳ȱãװƴӺһǿ⻻˭˭ۺ죿
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Ԫϣųơò̡
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ڣξȱĲε˲٣ÿһȫ⡣
ϾڶǸɵĲѶߵȱڶӺĺĳ̶ֳǿĹͣѰܺһϸµļܡ
ҶǴӺĹҵ򣬸룬Ϊ飬ѡȥ˱Ҫõó֣Ȼᱻץסѱ
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˶׿ĵϵһ׷ĸһǶӣ׿ֱֶ
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Ͼ׿һģ׿ѱĴ쵽¾Ͳܵûˡ
ǳöĽٴתγ˳ͷӣһĳΧ硣
ĹˣǼƪһ֣ƫƫбˮһ裬ĶܾĶ
Լϴ裬Ƣ佫̣׷վִԡ
佫˿϶Ĺ٣ҳҲִܡⲢɢԺ˽ﶯ֡һʱ֮䣬˲ŤŹİƫƫܺ˻ˣҲͷ۲ѡ
ڳս֮ʱһֱݵ˵ǮϿȻзһ౨
˭Ҳ֪౨ﵽ׶дʲô౨뾩ĵһֱŵĳӣƽԼڡͷ׿׷빬Сĵƹһֱҹ
⼸˵ȼʻţڤڤУӺĳѾ˱仯ֻǵʱеǸоҪȵԺңŻ᳹׾졣
걳죬Ԫʵ䡣
ӱƿţȽŶȲĸԨ͸ү˸кݸȽһŷ⣬ŲҴҵ뿪ˡ
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ʱӦھǵѧôڹ걳ûߣ
ڳֶīڴѧԺѧʽʱ˺֣ԺҪԱϰһǰǡ
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˵ԼǱЮֵģһж彭̵ıҲȣѲ彭װŪ

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ԣԴӭˣ
ôܡ
ȽСЦһεسЦɡ
ôӭأ˸¥¼Ǳ̿ͲɱҶô˵Լľǰ
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û뵽ϵˣһϹ壬ᵳӪ˽ıҪʲôף彭̶ҡϵĸ
ȽСָһϤİ֣ԨóЩӦöǳеĸ߹٣мʮڸ罻ƳС
ԨŶ𡭡
ʵпϾЩ彭̵ĳ͢ԱҲɵӣ£ʵ׾ͻᱻ𴩡
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彭ڳƭӵȻǼٻǷ˵ĻһŲš
ڣԨĿʼԩˡ
ץðƻðƻǣһϵ彭̺ͳи߹٣˳ų׻ɵĳ缲ΪϺ̫ɨ
һڶʡ


258 
ڴڼ䵽׸ʲô⣬֪ĪڱΧ顣
Ǳһ˾̵ĽŲѵġ˥ϵ屻Ըɵоѣ༱ٵôһ˲䣬֪Լںδ
ȻظǣŸջ̲ס߳
Żŵģʲô
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ү
ƿţŻŵܽ˵Щ
үүˣҲ֪ĶһȺ۵ıȻѸΧ˸ˮйͨһͲҹĶҲȥ
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šڡ´ЬӾߡ
ˣȻΧ鸮׿Ҫ췴ô
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ֿȵĵĴ⣬ôø׿ҲúϲͳܣһϽܶ
żƻеһϽܶһֱܼϲѳҽһϽΧչ
εʱǶЭϲڴѾ࣬ŷԽ֮ǰΪһ¶
Ԥ´δ󳯻ʱͻϴ˭Ҳֹ
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ֻûżţǽΪԼһƷԱ۷ߡ
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ܸҪּ鰸ӽʱκ˲ó롣

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һٶʮ˾永һǧʮˡƷĹԱ97ˣ漰23ˣ35ˣսǮڡ
Уһű档־䶼ڳȺĿڣ
ȻЩܹġвֲܹݶ˵͸Ϻ̫СΪ彭̵ľԱԼƻ˼ı
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永ڶ࣬Լ춫ȫԱڣʹ²̲죡
ټлص诵ٲ죬ҲûкܸߣÿֶȺС
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һ㣬诺⡣
İƽףڰѳֳسɵĳҲãǿӲɵ׿ҲգͨƽֲһͬԿΪ׵ľɡ
ڴйͬ˵ʱ򣬷ǿʱֺϵģŵ̨Ӻ׿ƱҪᳯеĻȨҪѸľȥƽ⡣
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ǣҪǮϿԼ붫һͬո¶ͷǵˣҪЩѪҺ볯á
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ȼĺǵ⣬Ӷֱֶ֮޾ҰͺߣĿ֮ǴӺĽ
ʱˡ


259 
С׾ƹ
꺱˶꣬಻ʪຮ
ַ輿СҲʧȥɫԭһҹ۵ĸɫƣҲֻܿϡϡļյǿʾ˻ڿӭУʮ
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Ҳ輿Сϰ廹Ҫ档ǵط̫ɽһƬڣΪ˽ʡȼ˶һӼһȡůǡ
һɡʾ̴ȴһ߽˾ƹݵİᡣ
Ѿ˺ЩˣǷм
һɽٲȻǰ˺
һҲȷǺոεĴ࣬һ֮֮ϵͷȨ
ֻλȨƺʮֲãӽλһԲڵļī֭
ĸźĸ˴˽񣬶ڲ²鲻ǲΪӱ
𴨼ҵļүѾʧˣҶ²׶༪٣ֻǲ֪ǻ
ʵǻҪүǸݣһץǲĴڵģԱӺѺɹǱ߷ųʲôǶһҧǼٻɹ顣
ЩˣҲˡ
Ĭ˰죬𴨴ڿˡ
ɡ
һŵ֡
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Υ˽𴬼ǰǵµʱյϵҪǰѴӰõĽȫ˻ǣһ˶١
ǺڴԴϵּ⣬Ǻ˶ֻӡ

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ʱӵսнսѲ󽢡ӺµĽҲ䵽·磬ԼĽγһƣǣûٵͼ
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Ķӽ𴨼ץǰдһݱ棬ϸ˶ݳǵķʷʱһɾĥһȽɾܱŷôôôɫĿѧңֻӾ޴
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Ѿˣ뾡һа취ˮнд˱ңҲȫ乫ϵҩͻѪ
Ѿ˼ľǮԭնȥú׻һ
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ȥ춼ȥѵĽֵÿ춼ж񣬿฻żʲҹǰ۹ĺۣʿڶ𣿣

һļۣ̌͸뿪Ĵܿľ
ʱ˵أ輿СľƹݶѾ㲻ƣòú̿񲿹ĳʳѾ㷹źܲЩ˵ˣҲǲòһûȡůİڣɪɪظпŵ۹𣿣
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칬ּ׼ٴμ˰ũҪϵһҵ˰ǶŮ׶Ҫ˶˰ԺʹúȥɽҰҲҪ˰ˣ
ɵǽꡣ
Ҳɲ˵ʼ롤ɶСҪύһ300Ǯ
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ǻܶ࣬Ͱķ಼ЩÿҪ1000Ǯɶ໹ǽʡˡ
˰ɣķ಼ɶˣԼǲǮ˶޵׶
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260 
Ԫ³һӺһֻʽڶ߸ˮ˴ӺչĻ
Ϊˣ۷̻صط˹㲥Ϊֻ߸ۻٰһССˮʽ
Щͨ㲥Ӷ֮ϵķϵӵȺżƽԭ۵쳹ӺÿһأеĴӺ
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еǴ󹫵սһǰȻֹԭһջʤǻ˫˲ޱȵս޶սȨᣬΪеһ䡣
˵ںӪǰҩĽرⳡܿһڰ̻ı
˵Ȼţȷǽԭӷ׷ӡٵ鱨СϢĹؼѶϢеܿڶɱ
Ǹ½õģֻ֮һ͵ˡһλ᳤̻ϵ˽Ů
ŰȻԼΪµͬ˾-¬չ˺̸
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ⶼ͸Ԩϵ
Ȼں޵սд׬һʣΪԪ緷۵ĶǺҪʺ;ҩƷе߻¬ˣڴӺ̴ĺøжߵһ˵ĳ̶ȡ
սڣֻҪҴӺĵĻۣͷϵƽ񶼻뻶Ϊ֪Ӻ̴ҪʣұʱЩųĺһԴγá
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սʼ֮ǰЩ˿ԴӻʼҿѧǴõĿǱоȻ𾴡
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ܶһʼģȶݵҸܹڵĹ˺Լ⣬սٻصޡ
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ûʱ򣬴Ӻ˵ĿƼѾǿ˹𣡣ҲӵĻô¶رŵ̵أǲҲˣ
뷨ӺӺĺ߱ԽæѩƬһɽӺʹݣиĿҪǰӺʤ
ڵĴӺǿָʹѳ֣ʱ͸ǾǸ쿪ͷ֮ãܿͻᱻ׵
ǻӭҲԸʵѧˡ
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µĵѧϰǴӺ޹ѧʼңҲ˵һ̨ΪӺĵܵ춨˻
ֻҪ֪ʶؼ֪ʶͼչδи֪һǰӺΪǹ
ҲҪֹۣһƭĸҪѧϰ
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ȻͨҲһϲͨȻҲôӺ鷳
ں鱨ÿ춼ʹϣСʵ׷ýζٲȻѾԼϾ֮֡
Ҳ򵽲ٵ纣þ޴ֵ;Բ׼˵ûĻ˴һﻯ֪ʶҲ
дŸСڣһ׵ܵܲ¶ʦڸصԭöʦеأЩԭҪԼ
ҪͨʦĿĸŻۿΪСʵҲƴˡ
ȽʦܾھǾٰɣ
γ̽Ƚʰ̾ߵʱСʵʦ̽
˵ȥĹھӽɼԣڽ˴˼ǽ껹Ӯ𣿡
˵
Ƚҡҡͷ
꣬ȼԽԽسڴӺĽ·ϣҲиֳϡ
ϲӺСҲΪĿȷ˿껹Ůֽ
Ҳû뵽ȽʦԭϰҲμ˱һˣڿǿˣ
ԭϰ
Ƚһ㶣漴Ȼ
ţֻŤˣҲû뵽ӱﾹȻ͵͵˵ĲأīڴѧԺҽõʦԼܸˡ
Ƚû뵽Ϊ׵ıɳƽҲû뵽
ڶӱʮֱ֧֣˵ǳ¼ҵѪԺ͸ɾҪԼҲȥһ·ùѪͷ
ֵؼ
СʵȽʦţΪ˶һİԡߵ⣬ͺʶȤͣס˽ţվڸ߸ߵ̨ĿȽ߳š
ĴָʹҲĺء
£µľλָʹԴϳԺÿÿӣСʵ۶ýš
Ƚʦһ㶼һأȻûѪԵ
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ĸ󡣡
СʵУͷȻԼס
ͷĿעѾʧڹӰ
ƽ߰ɡ
̫ЦŶԶ˵
ָʹȽʦؼˣҲȥϻޡ
ޣá
Сʵ۹ɵͷ
ãžĸĻʲô֣֣˵
Ҫڸڵһ䣬˵øѼ


261 ̳巬⣨ϣ
еĳһ죬ĳ̳
Ҿ֪ϳ̫۰ҡⲿ絽׻˶ٹطˢְޣ
Ұŷ|¥ 01:53:25 ٱ
⡣¥ǡҵϳ̫ۡľۣҹCPĳ˾㡶ϳ̫۰ҡ¥Ҳĳˡ֮ǰΪ׷ú̫ۣŷȢ˸Ÿһλ˵ʺֱ룬쪻мʷϹǶ¥û֣
⹷羹ȻһɵԸ˹Ů͹˵ˣļֱף
ҵ۾
|2L 01:53:55 ٱ
ԶԶԶԶԼֱܸͬ⣡̫ӲԣŮΨΨŵŵСľʺ󣬴ʽʵ
¥ϳȥ|3L 01:54:25 ٱ
¥
˾һֱ·¼ǧӺеĻʵ۶YY˱顣Ǽҹ˾ЩСȫװүСͺ׶ˣһɫȸˣŮ为Ϳռҵ׸Ů˺
˾ŮѵǩԼʦɣ
= =|4L 01:56:25ԡٱ
3Lû̸ܷǸƵɣǽһʴʡÿ¾ҷͣųΪ˽ʡùΪ֮ϾںҲǺ죬лȾйֲ
|5L 01:58:16Ծٱ
¥˵ΪɶܲӺĻʵأҾӺǸҲвٿŮĲ˵Ӻ̫һϵ͹ڶò
= =|6L 02:03:55 ٱ
Ӻ̫һϵǲ̫
ֵ̫˵ɶ˳ϧʷ鹫񣬹ҪǸŸ֪ٺ٣Ͳλǧѷ
¥϶|7L 02:09:39Ծٱ
¥϶У֪λֲ᲻ᣬ˾ҪѷЦſޣ
|8L 02:14:13 ٱ
ǵǣ㲻λ̫ڣ̫һиڰʵڵֵǲģȻȲ磬һе㺩
|8L 02:16:17Ծٱ
ڣ۶
㣬ʷС͸Ҳһ˭ɩӻϱִڸأۼһھž޵Уʷ̲дĶﶼǱ幤ˣģᡣ
666|9L 02:17:00 ٱ
ٺٺ٣˵ۻҪ͸ĵùһ
==|10L 02:14:13
¥ҴŲµ˵˭ˡ
AA= =|11L 02:18:39ԡٱ
emmm Ҳ֪λķھʿҹʷƽۣۡ
|12L 02:20:32Ծٱ
¥˵öԣҲ˵
|13L 17:22:28 ٱ
ǣǶ˵ƽˣǸԣǾǸĲ𣿣
װ|14L 02:23:33 ٱ
¥ôƽǣأ
ʷʦûǽ۵ǻѡһѪԱȻͰеĹƸԱȥɣԼڴ뱲ӣʱƵƽ½׼Ȩ֮ȻƶȣֱǴޣ
|15L 02:24:19 ٱ
¥ôأ˭˵ɵɵܵøڵֺţ
ڡǹ⸴֮ţաйе¡ı׼㷴ھţдš
֮£Ǹϵ幫͵۾ˣֱϰķ͡
Ϊ|16L 02:24:58 ٱ
U1S1ǸС϶ǲУĸˬӦûǿ԰ɡ
ϾһǸʺŮμңڿһSSrǻǡöˢ˹ҵ̫ܲȽɡǮϿҳɡԨЩSSRĹ봽𣬻˭ȵ˰
̫Ҳǳ鵽һλ
|17L 02:25:36Ծٱ
¥ϣλһٸȽɣȽԼ׿ڳ϶λĳݺ𾴣ûλȽɻ֪ĸҰأ¶ۣ
|18L17:26:45Ծٱ
档ֹ̳綹̡ǺȽ˭ս⣬̳
Ա588|19L 02:27:55Ծٱ
¥ϹԱЦ
|20L 02:28:08Ծٱ
Ա588ǴAIĹؼ˰ɡ
ţAIη壬Ҳѷ˵Ҳûɶ
С޹޹|21L 02:29:43 ٱ
ȻǣһֱŹ۷Ƿˣžɨɮճ㵫ؼʱ̾Բӣιؼڵ
С޹޹|22L 02:31:08Ծٱ
ͱ֮޶սеߺϣô£գ۾ǲУźţ˵Ҫϳ򲻽Ӳ硣ʱͬ˶һҿջס²㣬һҪ֮ĺڣϵͺȥˣۻһ˼ƣƨɾס
|23L 02:32:34 ٱ
¥ϣ۱һȺѪԱȻȡϣǵķӴ֮ǰùһ𣿽󹫲㱻ҳɴоǴģ˭
ǹкǮʡ
Ĳ˵ǻǰҩһںսǶεʣŵı˸ҩȻҲôλӡ
֮£СŵľͱȽʶˣһ̫ܲʾã˵ԸżƽԭΪ⳥޸ϵ
Ȼʱ򱱿ѾʵռżƽԭСŵĵԼ黹Ǹ˳ôһƬأ
|24L 02:33:18Ծٱ
棬ôţX˻㣬Ͳ·
|25L 02:34:28 ٱ
ٺ٣Ҫ˵ҪѪԱԩϰдˣү
|26L 02:36:28 ٱ
үһӣνΪԩϰ׹Ѫ˺ֵֵ裬һˮˡ
oo|27L 02:38:04 ٱ
үĿ࣬۸ϵƽ⣬ʵִеĶûʵ۾͵ԼΡ
˵ү֮ǰͱƽǩ֮ͯ˦ԩϰˣȻү˼ӦȽһڿѧĺΣ˵ԿѧʮĵãɸӺķɻ絮ʮꡣ
|28L 02:38:18 ٱ
棬ôүģѵҲǸܵܵĹϵ
󶬹С|28L 02:38:18 ٱ


262 ̳⣨£
˵ӺǸĳⱲõĻĶУܵرס
˵ҪȽɶڹҵĹʵƲȥҽűд̲ĵҲԹǿֵܣÿһδҾͿĻƣʦεʱҲΡ
ٺٺ|30L 02:40:30 ٱ
ĿĿģҾϲڣ鱨ͷɿɰܵһ̽СPLAY֮ģֱҪУ
|31L 02:42:04
;ôǸȥ鱨϶ûģû׼м͵֮ܵģȥ걳ҲΪ˹СǿƸϿ˩ڴϣֻܿܿҡ
Ϊ|32L 02:43:51 ٱ
¥ѣ걳첻˵ϻһʵأ˵ǽʲô֮ʣ
|33L 02:44:17 ٱ
ˮ32Lлˣ
|34L 02:45:37 ٱ
32L+10086
|35L 02:46:57 ٱ
װplayվѩгĬ§뻳ϵĽԡ
ѽ|36L17:47:57Ծٱ
¥ϣȽ岻ãһ㶼ڶȻѩָʹҲװ
ָʹȷǸ뷨ˣʲôͭõϡ˵Ǹʷƭӣ켪ƭֵķ˷켪ָʹܸȥãú׷ƲԶҲǾˡ
|36L 02:47:57Ծٱ
ݵ˼ΪʲôҪƻ˵룡
|36L 02:47:57Ծٱ
ǿĵϾǹҵʱѶҲʼ÷޸ʱû˸ҰԸܵܡԺ¶û˹ˣְɡ
һרռⷽʷϣ۳һʱߣϲȵķִ޸ΧȽܵߵġܵȥīڴѧԺȥڵӺУܵоǮȥԶóףܵ˻ǹϴӾ˶ξ˵Ҫ̫յ㣬ԭָʹģ̫Զչ˵ܵܡ
|38L 02:52:57Ծٱ
Զ̫ܲûը
|39L 02:47:57Ծٱ
̫ܲӦöϰ˰ɡϾвֻȥ˵ĸԨ̳мҵֻ뿪Ĵҳɡ
ȻƽҲûԭģСĿô⳼ӣȻץסүԩͷ֣ɲɵء
|40L 02:51:17 ٱ
Ի̩̫CPã̫ڶʵҲû̩ൽ̶ȣѳ飬νеµ䷶ҪǴָʹɫʵûֶȽأһ̬ˡ
ҪȽɣҹҪҪڻҪమɱ
èèҵ|40L 03:00:51 ٱ
ٺٺ٣ԽԽƣģ
Ҳܾϲζأ̼̬ʲôģѸĹעεزԼϣҲûлȥˡ
ȽǸһɲλŶ
һ׷һܣ˼ҸܵĿɸˣ淴Сݽ˿ȸ۶ϳʲôġܵϲҲϲٺٺ١
֪ʲôζ|40L 03:01:11 ٱ
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